bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamental scales of hue appearance and discrimination
Authors: Abasi Saeedeh , Fairchild Mark D.
Published: September 2023

Hue can be described with two types of scales. The first, for hue discrimination, is of the form of a hue angle metric such as found in the Munsell and CIELAB systems. The second, for hue appearance, is in the form of a hue quadrature metric as found in the NCS system and color appearance models such as CIECAM16. Any useful hue metric should also exhibit hue constancy – the important concept that stimuli of various lightness and saturation, but identical hue designations appear to be of the same hue. Hue angle in the IPT color model has repeatedly been shown to very well describe contours of constant hue and has been rigorously tested over more than two decades. However, the IPT model was not designed with hue spacing, for either discrimination or appearance, in mind. This paper describes the derivation of a fundamental and physiologically plausible model, called FHS for Fundamental Hue Scales, with predictors for both hue discrimination and hue appearance built directly from cone fundamentals and with hue linearity as good as that found in IPT. Such a model can be used with individual LMS color matching functions as the basis for the hue dimension of improved, and individualized, color appearance scales.
A machine learning approach to color space Euclidization
Authors: Ahrens Lia , Ahrens Julian , Schotten Hans D.
Published: September 2023

In this work, a machine learning methodology is proposed for the issue of color space Euclidization. Given a color difference formula as reference distance law, the Euclidization task consists in finding an injective transformation from the original color space into a real vector space and the corresponding inverse transformation, such that the Euclidean distances in the embedded color space align with the reference color distances. For this, artificial neural networks are devised as function approximators for the color space transformations being sought. Training these neural networks is accomplished through unsupervised learning, making use of random sampling and gradient descent. As key disagreement measure, either the (symmetric) relative isometric disagreement or the standardized residual sum of squares (STRESS) index is considered at a time and incorporated as part of the optimization criterion into the objective function. Comparative evaluation is carried out on well‐established color distance laws, including the CIELAB‐based DE2000 color difference formula. The evaluation results indicate significant performance advantages of the proposed approach over previous contributions.
Educational simulations of spectral color dispersion in negative index prisms
Authors: Naranjo‐Correa Francisco L. , Martínez‐Borreguero Guadalupe
Published: September 2023

Using a free, open‐source ray‐tracing program, photorealistic spectral images have been created to show how several prisms would appear in the real world if they were made with materials that have a negative index of refraction (metamaterials). The aim of this work is to provide students with a visual interpretation of the atypical behavior of negative‐index materials and a look at dispersion in the visible range in such prisms, resulting in educationally valuable outcomes.
Fluorine Substitution of TCNQ Alters the Redox‐Driven Catalytic Pathway for the Ferricyanide‐Thiosulfate Reaction
Authors: Alzubidi Anbrah E. , Bond Alan M. , Martin Lisandra L.
Published: September 2023

Mechanistic variation in catalysis through substituent‐based redox tuning is well established. Fluorination of TCNQ (TCNQ=tetracyanoquinodimethane) provides ~850 mV variation in the redox potentials of the
and
(n=0, 2, 4) processes. With
, catalysis of the kinetically very slow ferrocyanide‐thiosulfate redox reaction in aqueous solution occurs via a mechanism in which the catalyst
is reduced to
when reacting with
which is oxidised to
. Subsequently,
reacts with
to form
and reform the
catalyst, in another thermodynamically favoured process. An analogous mechanism applies with
as a catalyst. In contrast, since the reaction of
with
is thermodynamically unfavourable, an alternative mechanism is required to explain the catalytic activity observed in this non‐fluorinated system. Here, upon addition of
, reduction of
to
occurs with concomitant oxidation of
to
, which then acts as the catalyst for
oxidation. Thermodynamic data explain the observed differences in the catalytic mechanisms.
(n=0, 4) also act as catalysts for the ferricyanide‐thiosulfate reaction in aqueous solution. The present study shows that homogeneous pathways are available following addition of these dissolved materials. Previously, these
(n=0, 4) coordination polymers have been regarded as insoluble in water and proposed as heterogeneous catalysts for the ferricyanide‐thiosulfate reaction. Details and mechanistic differences were established using UV‐visible spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry.
Cucurbit[6]uril Hyperpolarized Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Pulse Sequence Parameter Optimization and Detectability Limit Assessment at 3.0T
Authors: Grynko Vira , Shepelytskyi Yurii , Batarchuk Viktoriia , Aalto Hannah , Li Tao , Ruset Iulian C. , DeBoef Brenton , Albert Mitchell S.
Published: September 2023

Molecular imaging is the future of personalized medicine; however, it requires effective contrast agents. Hyperpolarized chemical exchange saturation transfer (HyperCEST) can boost the signal of Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI and render it a molecular imaging modality of high efficiency. Cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) has been successfully employed in vivo as a contrast agent for HyperCEST MRI, however its performance in a clinical MRI scanner has yet to be optimized. In this study, MRI pulse sequence parameter optimization was first performed in CB6 solutions in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), and subsequently in whole sterile citrated bovine blood. The performance of four different depolarization pulse shapes (sinusoidal, 3‐lobe sinc (3LS), rectangular (block), and hyperbolic secant (hypsec) was optimized. The detectability limits of CB6 in a clinical 3.0T MRI scanner was assessed using the optimized pulse sequences. The 3LS depolarization pulses performed best, and demonstrated 24 % depletion in a 25 μM solution of CB6 in PBS. It performed similarly in blood. The CB6 detectability limit was found to be 100 μM in citrated bovine blood with a correspondent HyperCEST depletion of 30 % ±9 %. For the first time, the HP 129Xe HyperCEST effect was observed in red blood cells (RBC) and had a similar strength as HyperCEST in plasma.
Secondary psychiatric disorders and the skin
Authors: Carniciu Simona , Hafi Bishurul , Gkini M.‐A. , Tzellos T. , Jafferany Mohammad , Stamu‐O'Brien Caroline
Published: September 2023

Background

Remarkable is the mind‐skin connection, that lies in the profound impact that mental health can have on the skin and specific skin diseases on the mental health. This intricate relationship gives rise to a burgeoning field of study known as psychodermatology, which is a rapidly evolving field that explores the intricate relationship between dermatological conditions and psychological factors.

Aims

In this article we summarize some of these diseases, as vitiligo, alopecia areata, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, albinism, rhinophyma, hidradenitis suppurative.

Materials & Methods

We searched on databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and analyzed scientific articles to summarize information needed for this review. We conducted qualitative content analysis to summarize the main results reported by different authors regarding the aimed topics: vitiligo, albinism and the others secondary psychiatric disorders described in this article.

Discussion

Skin is unquestionably the most visible organ of the human body; appearance is greatly influenced by it. An individual's physical and emotional wellbeing depend on having healthy skin, which is an essential element of a person's sexual appeal, sense of fulfilment, and self‐confidence.

Conclusion

Psychodermatology recognizes the bidirectional interplay between the mind and the skin, emphasizing the importance of addressing the psychological impact of dermatological disorders to improve patient outcomes. Secondary psychiatric disorders are under classification in psychodermatology, along with psychophysiological disorders and primary psychiatric disorders.
Association of stress hyperglycemia ratio with in‐hospital new‐onset atrial fibrillation and long‐term outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Luo Jiachen , Li Zhiqiang , Qin Xiaoming , Zhang Xingxu , Liu Xiangdong , Zhang Wenming , Xu Wei , Liu Baoxin , Wei Yidong ,   the NOAFCAMI‐SH Registry Investigators
Published: September 2023

Aims

To investigate the predictive value and prognostic impact of stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) for new‐onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study included 2145 AMI patients without AF history between February 2014 and March 2018. SHR was calculated using fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)/[1.59*HbA1c (%)‐2.59]. The association between SHR and post‐MI NOAF was assessed with multivariable logistic regression analyses. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiac death, heart failure hospitalisation, recurrent MI, and ischaemic stroke (MACE). Cox regression‐adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for MACE.

Results

A total of 245 (11.4%) patients developed NOAF. In the multivariable logistic regression analyses, SHR (each 10% increase) was significantly associated with increased risks of NOAF in the whole population (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.10), particularly in non‐diabetic individuals (OR:1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.17). During a median follow‐up of 2.7 years, 370 (18.5%) MACEs were recorded. The optimal cut‐off value of SHR for MACE prediction was 1.119. Patients with both high SHR (≥1.119) and NOAF possessed the highest risk of MACE compared to those with neither high SHR nor NOAF after multivariable adjustment (HR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.39–3.42), especially for diabetics (HR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.41–4.91). Similar findings were observed using competing‐risk models.

Conclusions

SHR is an independent predictor of post‐MI NOAF in non‐diabetic individuals. Diabetic patients with both high SHR and NOAF had the highest risk of MACE, suggesting that therapies targeting SHR may be considered in these patients.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03533543.
Quantitative sensory testing, psychological profiles and clinical pain in patients with psoriatic arthritis and hand osteoarthritis experiencing pain of at least moderate intensity
Authors: Vela J. , Dreyer L. , Petersen K. K. , Arendt‐Nielsen L. , Duch K. Skjærbæk , Amris K. , Kristensen S.
Published: September 2023

Background

Chronic pain is the hallmark symptom of joint diseases. This study examined the differences in quantitative sensory testing between patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), hand osteoarthritis (hand‐OA) and a pain‐free control group and differences between patients with and without concomitant fibromyalgia (cFM).

Methods

All patients and pain‐free controls were assessed using pressure pain thresholds (PPT), temporal summation of pain (TSP), conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and clinical pain intensities. Psychological distress was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Disability was assessed with the Health Assessment Questionnaire and pain quality with the painDETECT questionnaire. cFM was identified using the revised 2016 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria.

Results

Patients with hand‐OA (n = 75) or PsA (n = 58) had statistically significant lower PPTs and CPM, greater TSP, and higher scores of psychological distress (p < 0.05) than controls (n = 20). Patients with cFM (58%) had higher scores of depression (p = 0.001), anxiety (p = 0.004), catastrophizing (p = 0.012), disability (p < 0.001), higher painDETECT score (p = 0.001), TSP (p = 0.027), and reduced sleep quality (p = 0.021) when compared to patients without cFM.

Conclusion

Patients with hand‐OA and PsA exhibited signs of pain sensitization and a higher degree of psychological distress and disability than pain‐free individuals. Patients with cFM had greater TSP, painDETECT score, disability, catastrophizing, and reduced sleep quality, than patients without, indicating greater degree of pain sensitization, psychological burden, and disability.

Statement of Significance

This paper shows that a significant proportion of patients with hand osteoarthritis and psoriatic arthritis with moderate pain intensity have significantly increased signs of pain sensitization and markers of psychological distress. A large proportion of these patients fulfil the criteria for concomitant fibromyalgia and these patients show even greater propensity towards pain sensitization and psychological distress.
On a ~210 t Caribbean coastal boulder: The huracanolito seaward of the ruins of the Bucanero resort, Juragua, Oriente, Cuba
Authors: Pedoja Kevin , Dunán‐Avila Pedro , Jara‐Muñoz Julius , Authemayou Christine , Nuñez‐Labañino Arelis , de Gelder Gino , Chauveau Denovan , Peñalver Leandro , Frometa Pedro De Jesus Benitez , Martin‐Izquierdo Denyse , Abella Enrique Castellanos , Bertin Stephane , Rodríguez‐Valdés Ángel Raúl , Arango‐Arias Enrique Diego , Traoré Kalil , Regard Vincent
Published: September 2023

Coastal boulder deposits (CBDs), named huracanolitos in Cuba, found along rocky shores, result from storms, tropical cyclones or tsunamis. Despite being important indicators for coastal hazard assessment, determining the mode of emplacement of CBDs (storm/hurricane or tsunami) is not easy. We present, for the first time in English, data about CBDs along the shores of the Cuban Archipelago. More specifically, we focused on a CBD, that is, to our knowledge, the largest one ever described on Cuba Island. Located on a low‐lying coral reef terrace on the SE shore of the island, the reefal limestone CBD is emplaced seaward of the ruins of the Bucanero resort. The resort was built in 1989, endured hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Dennis (2005) and, in October 2012, was destroyed by Hurricane Sandy. As observed on Corona and Landsat satellite images since 1962, the CBD was not moved, neither by hurricane Flora (1963) nor Sandy (2012), both associated with important storm surges and powerful swells. We determined the CBD volume with open‐source structure from motion photogrammetry as 82.6 m3. Then, we estimated from a sample its density as 2550 kg/m3. Finally we calculated its weight as 210.6 tons. We calculated the minimum flow velocity responsible for the emplacement of the CBD 33 ± 2 m inland—6.83 ± 0.54 m/s and 7.26 ± 0.51 m/s. Such flow velocities are compatible with those of both tsunamis and hurricanes. Because of the greater frequency of hurricanes than tsunamis in the area, we propose that a tropical cyclone generated the extreme surge and wave that emplaced the Bucanero CBD. Such CBDs demonstrate that on Cuba's south coast, we can expect marine flooding exceeding the flooding during the major hurricanes of recent decades.
Lactic acid fermentation of guava juice: Evaluation of nutritional and bioactive properties, enzyme (α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme) inhibition abilities, and anti‐inflammatory activities
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Jafarpour Dornoush
Published: September 2023

In the present research, the impact of fermentation with two strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (PTCC 1896 and PTCC 1745) on physicochemical properties, antioxidant bioactive compounds, and some health‐promoting features of guava juice was investigated. Results showed a significant (p < .05) decrease in pH, total soluble solids, glucose and fructose residues, vitamin C, and total carotenoids after 32 h of fermentation. Total phenolic content, free radical scavenging abilities, and ferrous reducing power were markedly enhanced during the fermentation process. Moreover, fermented juice represented good enzyme inhibition abilities (α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase) and anti‐inflammatory activities. The initial amount of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory activity (26.5%) increased to 72.1% and 66.4% in L. plantarum subsp. plantarum 1896 and L. plantarum subsp. plantarum 1745 treatments, respectively. These findings reveal that guava juice fermentation with the studied Lactobacillus strains can be a promising strategy to augment the functional properties of the fruit‐based beverage.
Chemoenzymatic Tagging of Tn/TF/STF Antigens in Living Systems
Authors: Yang Yi , Chen Mingkuan , Wu Mengyao , Hong Senlian , Gao Bing , Liu Yonghui , Yu Chenhua , Young Travis S. , Chapla Digantkumar Gopaldas , Yang Jeong‐Yeh , Cappiello John R. , Li Jie P. , Sharpless K. Barry , Moremen Kelley W. , Wu Peng
Published: September 2023

Truncated mucin‐type O‐glycans, such as Tn‐associated antigens, are aberrantly expressed biomarkers of cancer, but remain challenging to target. Reactive antibodies to these antigens either lack high affinity or are prone to antigen escape. Here, we have developed a robust chemoenzymatic strategy for the global labeling of Tn‐associated antigens, i. e. Tn (GalNAcα‐O‐Ser/Thr), Thomsen‐Friedenreich (Galβ1‐3GalNAcα‐O‐Ser/Thr, TF) and STF (Neu5Acα2‐3Galβ1‐3GalNAcα‐O‐Ser/Thr, STF) antigens, in human whole blood with high efficiency and selectivity. This method relies on the use of the O‐glycan sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc1 to transfer a sialic acid‐functionalized adaptor to the GalNAc residue of these antigens. By tagging, the adaptor functionalized antigens can be easily targeted by customized strategies such as, but not limited to, chimeric antigen receptor T‐Cells (CAR‐T). We expect this tagging system to find broad applications in cancer diagnostics and targeting in combination with established strategies.
Bank competition and corporate risk: Firm‐level evidence from BRIC economies
Authors: Khan Habib Hussain
Published: September 2023

The study analyzes the potential influence of bank competition on corporate risk‐taking. The study also analyzes the interactive role of firms' dependence on external finance in this framework. We gauge corporate risk through idiosyncratic risk (market‐based measure) and earnings volatility (accounting‐based measure). Analysing firm‐level data for Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) from 1999 to 2018 through a ‘two‐step dynamic panel system GMM,’ we discover that more (less) competitive (concentrated) banking sectors assist in reducing corporate risk taking. The risk‐reduction effect is specifically stronger for financially dependent and small‐sized firms. The findings remain unchanged when different proxies of financial dependency, banking sector competitiveness, and risk are employed. Further analysis of the ‘transmission mechanism’—the channel by which the extent of banking sector competitiveness influences corporate risk—uncovers that the competitive banking sectors increase firms' access to finance and allow them to operate with lesser financing obstacles.
Factors associated with perceived helpfulness and use of mental health websites by Australian young adults with a family history of mental illness
Authors: Perich Tania , Andriessen Karl
Published: September 2023

Young adults with a family history of mental illness may be vulnerable to develop mental health conditions based on genetic and environmental features. This study aimed to explore factors associated with the use of mental health websites for young adults aged 18–30 years who reported a family history of mental illness. Young adults (n = 469) who reported a family history of mental illness completed an online survey regarding their use of mental health websites, demographic questionnaires and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales. In total, 194 (41%) participants reported using mental health websites, with the majority using these for their own mental well‐being (n = 156; 33%). Having a previous history of a mental health condition was associated with mental health website use, along with having a prior history of drug use and having more than one family member diagnosed with a mental illness.
Biallelic missense variants in COG3 cause a congenital disorder of glycosylation with impairment of retrograde vesicular trafficking
Authors: Duan Ruizhi , Marafi Dana , Xia Zhi‐Jie , Ng Bobby G. , Maroofian Reza , Sumya Farhana Taher , Saad Ahmed K. , Du Haowei , Fatih Jawid M. , Hunter Jill V. , Elbendary Hasnaa M. , Baig Shahid M. , Abdullah Uzma , Ali Zafar , Efthymiou Stephanie , Murphy David , Mitani Tadahiro , Withers Marjorie A. , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Coban‐Akdemir Zeynep , Calame Daniel G. , Pehlivan Davut , Gibbs Richard A. , Posey Jennifer E. , Houlden Henry , Lupashin Vladimir V. , Zaki Maha S. , Freeze Hudson H. , Lupski James R.
Published: September 2023

Biallelic variants in genes for seven out of eight subunits of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex (COG) are known to cause recessive congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) with variable clinical manifestations. COG3 encodes a constituent subunit of the COG complex that has not been associated with disease traits in humans. Herein, we report two COG3 homozygous missense variants in four individuals from two unrelated consanguineous families that co‐segregated with COG3–CDG presentations. Clinical phenotypes of affected individuals include global developmental delay, severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism, and variable neurological findings. Biochemical analysis of serum transferrin from one family showed the loss of a single sialic acid. Western blotting on patient‐derived fibroblasts revealed reduced COG3 and COG4. Further experiments showed delayed retrograde vesicular recycling in patient cells. This report adds to the knowledge of the COG–CDG network by providing collective evidence for a COG3–CDG rare disease trait and implicating a likely pathology of the disorder as the perturbation of Golgi trafficking.
J‐shaped association between systemic immune‐inflammation index and periodontitis: Results from NHANES 2009–2014
Authors: Cao Ruoyan , Li Chen , Geng Fengxue , Pan Yaping
Published: September 2023

Background

To examine the relationship between the systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) and periodontitis and to investigate possible effect modifiers.

Methods

Data used in the present cross‐sectional study are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014 (N = 10,301). The SII was calculated using the following formula: (neutrophils count × platelet count)/lymphocytes count. The category of periodontitis was defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) classification. We employed natural cubic spline and multivariable logistic regression analyses to evaluate the associations of the SII with periodontitis.

Results

The associations between SII and periodontal health followed a J‐shape (p < 0.001). The risk of periodontitis tended to reduce with the increment of log2(SII) in participants with log2(SII) ≤ 8.66 (odds radio [OR] = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69–0.999), especially among non‐Hispanic Whites (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52–0.95), and increased with the increment of log2(SII) in participants with log2(SII) > 8.66 (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02–1.38). A similar trend was also observed between the SII and the number of sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥4 mm and clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥ 3 or 5 mm. Furthermore, we found a significantly stronger correlation between lymphocytes and either neutrophils or platelets in individuals with log2(SII) > 8.66, as opposed to those with log2(SII) ≤ 8.66.

Conclusions

There is a J‐shaped association between SII and periodontitis in US adults, with an inflection point of log2(SII) at 8.66, which may provide potential adjunctive treatment strategies for periodontitis with different immune response states. Further prospective trials are still required to confirm our findings.
Dispersive optical soliton solutions in birefringent fibers with stochastic Kaup–Newell equation having multiplicative white noise
Authors: Zayed Elsayed M. E. , El‐Horbaty Mahmoud , Gepreel Khaled A.
Published: September 2023

In this article, we study for the first time the stochastic Kaup–Newell equation in birefringent fibers. Three integration algorithms are applied, namely, the unified Riccati equation expansion method, the addendum to Kudryashov's method, and the addendum to modified sub‐ODE method. Many types of optical soliton solutions such as Jacobi‐elliptic function solutions, Weierstrass elliptic function solutions, bright solitons, dark solitons, singular solitons, and periodic function solutions are obtained. Numerical schemes give a visual perspective to the solutions derived analytically.
Curcumin Compensates GLP‐1 Deficiency via the Microbiota‐Bile Acids Axis and Modulation in Functional Crosstalk between TGR5 and FXR in ob/ob Mice
Authors: Tian Fengyuan , Chen Tianxi , Xu Wangda , Fan Yichang , Feng Xiaohong , Huang Qi , Chen Jie
Published: September 2023

Scope

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) deficiency occurs in obesity‐related pathologies due to defects in the intestinal lumen. And expanding the L‐cell population has emerged as a promising avenue to elevate GLP‐1 secretion to tackle metabolic disorders. Curcumin (Cur), the principal active component of spice turmeric, possesses well‐established anti‐obesity properties. To clarify, the study investigates whether Cur promotes GLP‐1 secretion built upon the L‐cell expansion.

Methods and results

Cur (60 mg kg−1) is administered orally to male ob/ob mice for 8 weeks. Cur ameliorates obesity and impaires glucose tolerance through increasing energy expenditure in ob/ob mice, accompanied by the maintenance of crypt architecture and gut permeability. It refines the microbial structure and bile acid (BA) profiles, resulting in deoxycholic acid (DCA) accumulation by weakening the enrichment of Lactobacillus. Further analyses show radically different properties of Cur on the intestine function of TGR5 and FXR (i.e., activation and repression). Cur amplifies L‐cell number to promote GLP‐1 secretion in ob/ob mice.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that Cur may act as a natural TGR5 agonist and FXR antagonist to improve obesity by enhancing GLP‐1 release from L‐cell expansion via the gut microbiota‐BAs‐TGR5/FXR axis, and it may serve as a promising therapeutic agent to compensate obesity‐related metabolic disorders.
Nodes2STRNet for structural dense displacement recognition by deformable mesh model and motion representation
Authors: Zhao Jin , Li Hui , Xu Yang
Published: September 2023

Displacement is a critical indicator for mechanical systems and civil structures. Conventional vision‐based displacement recognition methods mainly focus on the sparse identification of limited measurement points, and the motion representation of an entire structure is very challenging. This study proposes a novel Nodes2STRNet for structural dense displacement recognition using a handful of structural control nodes based on a deformable structural three‐dimensional mesh model, which consists of control node estimation subnetwork (NodesEstimate) and pose parameter recognition subnetwork (Nodes2PoseNet). NodesEstimate calculates the dense optical flow field based on FlowNet 2.0 and generates structural control node coordinates. Nodes2PoseNet uses structural control node coordinates as input and regresses structural pose parameters by a multilayer perceptron. A self‐supervised learning strategy is designed with a mean square error loss and L2 regularization to train Nodes2PoseNet. The effectiveness and accuracy of dense displacement recognition and robustness to light condition variations are validated by seismic shaking table tests of a four‐story‐building model. Comparative studies with image‐segmentation‐based Structure‐PoseNet show that the proposed Nodes2STRNet can achieve higher accuracy and better robustness against light condition variations. In addition, NodesEstimate does not require retraining when faced with new scenarios, and Nodes2PoseNet has high self‐supervised training efficiency with only a few control nodes instead of fully supervised pixel‐level segmentation.
Multi‐objective precise phasor measurement locations to assess small‐signal stability using dingo optimizer
Authors: Logeshwari V. , Abirami M. , Subramanian S. , Manoharan Hariprasath
Published: September 2023

Small‐signal stability is an important task and key research in electrical engineering for networks. This research article focuses on the implementation of a multi‐objective approach for choosing an optimal location for Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) to quantify a power system's small‐signal stability by maximizing the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the system. The novelty of this research lies in the implementation of Dingo Optimization (DOX) technique along with the Prony Analysis (PA) approach for the assessment of small‐signal stability in standard grid networks. The voltage angle, amplitude and the range of frequencies are measured by the optimal placement of PMUs, which primarily focus on the multi‐signal PA. To achieve the objective of this research, DOX integrated with the multi‐signal PA approach is used to determine the ideal position for PMU placement by considering maximum redundancy and optimizing the signal to noise ratio to a maximum level. The effectiveness of the DOX strategy is established with improved accuracy and fewer disturbances by optimizing the electromechanical oscillations of the system. The implementation of the DOX approach for attaining the best value of the maximized SNR is obtained by analyzing a wide set of conditions, perturbations, and additive noise, which provides an accurate assessment of damping ratio (DR) and frequency (f) of electromechanical oscillations. Numerical results obtained from the standard IEEE test systems (14, 39, 57, 118, and 300 bus systems) are compared with the existing methods in the literature. The statistical indices demonstrate that under the highly limited optimization context selected, the intended optimizer functions satisfactorily.
LiDAR‐based object detection for agricultural robots
Authors: Stronzek‐Pfeifer David , Chemmadan Faseel M. , Patel Shruti , Büskens Christof
Published: September 2023

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have proven to be a valuable tool to gather spatial information about the environment and are a crucial component in perception of autonomous systems. In the agricultural domain, state‐of‐the‐art algorithms for detection, classification, and tracking often utilize a combination of LiDAR and camera by fusing both semantic and spatial information. This is in part due to the availability of fast algorithms specifically optimized to make use of the convenient 2D data structure of RGB images. Still, there are limitations relying on cameras in agriculture because they highly depend on favorable lighting conditions and generally lack explicit geometric information, whereas LiDAR is especially advantageous in that regard as well as regarding range. This makes LiDAR particularly valuable for perception applications such as self‐localization, mapping, or object detection. The unstructured nature of 3D LiDAR point clouds, however, coupled with their possibly large size and density, presents a significant hurdle in terms of real‐time capability for these kinds of tasks. Object detection on 3D LiDAR sensor data is therefore challenging and solutions in agriculture usually are tied to very narrow use cases or rigorous down sampling to ensure real‐time applicability. Here, we present an algorithm featuring 2.5D map representations to avoid the computational drawbacks and ensure real‐time capability. We utilize established algorithms to project the 3D LiDAR data into two distinct maps and then apply object detection algorithms on each of those maps individually and to subsequently combine the information into a joint estimate. From the information stored in the 2.5D map, axis‐aligned bounding boxes for each object are computed containing information about position and dimensions. We present a proof of concept and assess the real‐time capability for a domain‐specific use case.
High‐speed fatigue testing of high‐performance concretes and parallel frequency sweep characterization
Authors: Madadi Hamid , Steeb Holger
Published: September 2023

Cycling loading of brittle materials like ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC), which is often used in marine and civil structures, results in unexpected failures. When a material is subjected to cyclic loading, its mechanical properties change due to the evolution of (micro‐)fractures often denoted as damage. To better understand the effective material's properties under such kind of fatigue load and to relate the material's properties to the specific time‐dependent loading characteristics, the mechanical response of the material shall be characterized at characteristic harmonic excitations.

Therefore, cyclic loading experiments are conducted to determine how the evolution of microfractures, that is, fatigue, affects the material's effective mechanical properties and after how many cycles microfractures further evolve towards meso‐ and macrofractures leading finally to a critical number of cycles to material's failure. The problem with such cyclic fatigue tests is that they are potentially “expensive” to conduct as the number of loading cycles at failure can be extremely high. Moreover, it is not possible to observe and characterize further the evolution of (micro‐)fractures within the different damage phases of the cycling experiment. Further, it is challenging to characterize the material's small‐strain stiffness evolution.

In this investigation, a combination of a (high‐amplitude) high‐frequency excitation and a high‐speed fatigue testing approach is used for the high cycle fatigue experiment along with a characterization approach of the material properties using a (low‐amplitude) dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The test setup applies harmonic excitations for high and low amplitudes using a high‐voltage piezoelectric actuators. Furthermore, the failure modes of the material will be examined.

The excitation frequency f for the fatigue test is significantly higher than in classical low‐ and high‐cyclic fatigue approaches, that is, Hz, allowing to reduce the overall time of the experimental investigation time to failure. Further, the frequency‐dependent number of cycles to failure is studied. Similar to standard DMA, effective complex mechanical properties of the material in tangential space are obtained in frequencies between 0.01 and 1000 Hz; while the observed mechanical properties of these materials change with increasing frequency. In the case of materials' behavior, by increasing the frequency, Young's modulus increases and Poisson's ratio decreases. Experimental fatigue results will be presented for UHPC samples. Harmonic experimental data include (direct) strain measurements in axial and circumferential directions as well as forces in axial directions. In addition, the resulting complex Young's modulus and evolving damage‐like “history” of UHPC will be shown.
Clinical and transcriptomic characteristics of a novel SMARCD2 mutation that disrupts neutrophil maturation and function
Authors: Dotta Laura , Baresi Giulia , Tamassia Nicola , Calzetti Federica , Bianchetto‐Aguilera Francisco , Gasperini Sara , Gardiman Elisa , Chiarini Marco , Moratto Daniele , Martellosio Giovanni , Serana Federico , Micheletti Moira , Tregambe Daniela , Pintabona Vincenzo , Soncini Elena , Meini Antonella , Girelli Maria Federica , Beghin Alessandra , Lanfranchi Arnalda , Bugatti Mattia , Brugnoni Duilio , Soresina Annarosa , Plebani Alessandro , Cassatella Marco , Vermi William , Porta Fulvio , Badolato Raffaele
Published: September 2023

We report a novel case of SMARCD2 (SWI/SNF‐related, matrix‐associated, actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily D, member 2) mutation successfully treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The female patient presented delayed cord separation, chronic diarrhea, skin abscesses, skeletal dysmorphisms, and neutropenia with specific granule deficiency. Analysis of the transcriptomic profile of peripheral blood sorted mature and immature SMARCD2 neutrophils showed defective maturation process that associated with altered expression of genes related to specific, azurophilic, and gelatinase granules, such as LTF, CRISP3, PTX3, and CHI3L1. These abnormalities account for the prevalence of immature neutrophils in the peripheral blood, impaired function, and deregulated inflammatory responses.
The competition between radical copolymerization and charge separation of cyclic ketene acetals and electron‐deficient olefins
Authors: Du Yuhui , Yang Yang , Deglmann Peter , Holcombe Thomas W. , Du Yifeng , Coughlin E. Bryan
Published: September 2023

Cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) possess unique features in two aspects. On one hand, after the addition of a radical on the alkene, CKAs can undergo ring‐opening via radical rearrangement, enabling polyester preparation based on chain‐growth polymerization. On the other hand, the alkene connected with two electron‐donating oxygens in a strained form exhibit unique reactivities, resulting in complex reactions in the presence of electron deficient compounds. In this investigation, fundamental studies on CKA radical ring‐opening polymerization and charge‐mediated reactions were performed. Alternating copolymers of CKA and maleimides, or maleates, were prepared and characterized. Quantum chemistry modeling from the perspectives of reaction kinetics and thermodynamics enabled an in‐depth mechanistic study on the side reactions between CKA and maleic anhydride or itaconic anhydride, inspiring the techniques to minimize those side reactions in competition with radical copolymerization. After purifying the anhydride monomers with sublimation, the copolymerization with CKA successfully occurred. The anhydride containing polyester structures with an alternating sequence were confirmed with comprehensive characterizations. Facile post‐functionalization with an alcohol was performed, resulting in carboxylate containing polyesters.
FIELDimageR.Extra: Advancing user experience and computational efficiency for analysis of orthomosaic from agricultural field trials
Authors: Pawar Popat S. , Matias Filipe Inacio
Published: September 2023

FieldimageR.Extra is an advanced R package that enhances user experience and computational efficiency in analyzing orthomosaic images from agricultural field trials. Through the integration of modern GIS libraries like terra, stars, and sf, it surpasses traditional packages like raster and sp. The FieldimageR.Extra offers interactive visualization, vector feature creation, and spatial data editing within the R environment through the integration of mapview and mapedit packages. Notably, FieldimageR.Extra introduces new functions like fieldShape_render and fieldShape_edit, enabling flexible plot grid generation and editing capabilities. Comparative evaluations demonstrate the superior performance of FieldimageR.Extra in handling spatial data, crop and extract operations, and plot grid generation. With its comprehensive features, FieldimageR.Extra stands as a valuable addition to the FieldimageR R package, offering researchers efficient tools for unmanned aerial vehicle‐based orthomosaic image analysis in agricultural research. FIELDimageR.Extra is publicly available as a GitHub repository (https://github.com/filipematias23/FIELDimageR.Extra).
Label‐Free and Colorimetric Detection of Influenza A Virus via Receptor‐Mediated Viral Fusion with Plasmonic Vesicles
Authors: Moon Yesol , Lee Sojeong , Kim Jinyoung , Park Geunseon , Park Chaewon , Lim Jong‐Woo , Yeom Minjoo , Song Daesub , Haam Seungjoo
Published: September 2023

The rapid transmission and numerous re‐emerging human influenza virus variants that spread via the respiratory system have led to severe global damage, emphasizing the need for detection tools that can recognize active and intact virions with infectivity. Here, this work presents a plasmonic vesicle‐mediated fusogenic immunoassay (PVFIA) comprising gold nanoparticle (GNP) encapsulating fusogenic polymeric vesicles (plasmonic vesicles; PVs) for the label‐free and colorimetric detection of influenza A virus (IAV). The PVFIA combines two sequential assays: a biochip‐based immunoassay for target‐specific capture and a PV‐induced fusion assay for color change upon the IAV–PV fusion complex formation. The PVFIA demonstrates excellent specificity in capturing the target IAV, while the fusion conditions and GNP induce a significant color change, enabling visual detection. The integration of two consecutive assays results in a low detection limit (100.7919 EID50 mL−1) and good reliability (0.9901), indicating sensitivity that is 104.208 times higher than conventional immunoassay. Leveraging the PV viral membrane fusion activity renders the PVFIA promising for point‐of‐care diagnostics through colorimetric detection. The innovative approach addresses the critical need for detecting active and intact virions with infectivity, providing a valuable tool with which to combat the spread of the virus.
In Situ Fe‐Substituted Hexacyanoferrate for High‐Performance Aqueous Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Ali Usman , Liu Bingqiu , Jia Hongfeng , Li Yanxin , Li Yiqian , Hao Yuehan , Zhang Lingyu , Xing Shuangxi , Li Lu , Wang Chungang
Published: September 2023

The eco‐friendliness, safety, and affordability of aqueous potassium batteries (AKIBs) have made them popular for large‐scale energy storage devices. However, the cycling and rate performance of research materials, particularly cobalt hexacyanoferrate, have yet to meet satisfactory standards. Herein, a room‐temperature drafted K1.66Fe0.25Co0.75[Fe(CN)6]·0.83H2O (KFCHCF) sample is reported using an in situ substitution strategy. A higher concentration of ferrocyanide ions decreases the water content and increases the potassium content, while citric acid works as a chelating agent and is responsible for Fe‐substitution in the KFCHCF sample. The resultant KFCHCF sample exhibits good rate performance, and about 97% and 90.6% of discharge capacity are conserved after 400 and 1000 cycles at 100 and 200 mA g−1, respectively. The full cell using the KFCHCF cathode and 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride‐derived polyimide (PNTCDA) anode maintains ≈74.93% and 74.35% of discharge capacity at 200 mA g−1 and 1000 mA g−1 for 1000 and >10,000 cycles, respectively. Furthermore, ex situ characterizations demonstrate the high reversibility of K‐ions and structural stability during the charge–discharge process. Such high performance is attributed to the fast K‐ion migration and crystal structure stabilization caused by in situ Fe‐substitution in the KFCHCF sample. Other hexacyanoferrates can be synthesized using this method and used in grid‐scale storage systems.
Developing conductive hydrogels for biomedical applications
Authors: Wang Yu , Guo Jiahui , Cao Xinyue , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: September 2023

Conductive hydrogels have attracted copious attention owing to their grateful performances, such as similarity to biological tissues, compliance, conductivity and biocompatibility. A diversity of conductive hydrogels have been developed and showed versatile potentials in biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in conductive hydrogels, involving the various types and functionalities of conductive hydrogels as well as their applications in biomedical fields. Furthermore, the current challenges and the reasonable outlook of conductive hydrogels are also given. It is expected that this review will provide potential guidance for the advancement of next‐generation conductive hydrogels.
Influence of X‐Ray Irradiation During Photoemission Studies on Halide Perovskite‐Based Devices
Authors: Ralaiarisoa Maryline , Frisch Johannes , Frégnaux Mathieu , Cacovich Stefania , Yaïche Armelle , Rousset Jean , Gorgoi Mihaela , Ceratti Davide R. , Kodalle Tim , Roncoroni Fabrice , Guillemoles Jean‐François , Etcheberry Arnaud , Bouttemy Muriel , Wilks Regan G. , Bär Marcus , Schulz Philip
Published: September 2023

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are semiconductors with promising application in optoelectronic devices, particularly, in solar cell technologies. The chemical and electronic properties of MHPs at the surface and interfaces with adjacent layers dictate charge transfer within stacked devices and ultimately the efficiency of the latter. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a powerful tool to characterize these material properties. However, the X‐ray radiation itself can potentially affect the MHP and therefore jeopardize the reliability of the obtained information. In this work, the effect of X‐ray irradiation is assessed on Cs0.05MA0.15FA0.8Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 (MA for CH3NH3, and FA for CH2(NH2)2) MHP thin‐film samples in a half‐cell device. There is a comparison of measurements acquired with synchrotron radiation and a conventional laboratory source for different times. Changes in composition and core levels binding energies are observed in both cases, indicating a modification of the chemical and electronic properties. The results suggest that changes observed over minutes with highly brilliant synchrotron radiation are likely occurring over hours when working with a lab‐based source providing a lower photon flux. The possible degradation pathways are discussed, supported by steady‐state photoluminescence analysis. The work stresses the importance of beam effect assessment at the beginning of XPS experiments of MHP samples.
Diagnosis of Current Flow Patterns Inside Fault‐Simulated Li‐Ion Batteries via Non‐Invasive, In Operando Magnetic Field Imaging
Authors: Lee Mingyu , Shin Yewon , Chang Hongjun , Jin Dahee , Lee Hyuntae , Lim Minhong , Seo Jiyeon , Band Tino , Kaufmann Kai , Moon Janghyuk , Lee Yong Min , Lee Hongkyung
Published: September 2023

With the growing popularity of Li‐ion batteries in large‐scale applications, building a safer battery has become a common goal of the battery community. Although the small errors inside the cells trigger catastrophic failures, tracing them and distinguishing cell failure modes without knowledge of cell anatomy can be challenging using conventional methods. In this study, a real‐time, non‐invasive magnetic field imaging (MFI) analysis that can signal the battery current‐induced magnetic field and visualize the current flow within Li‐ion cells is developed. A high‐speed, spatially resolved MFI scan is used to derive the current distribution pattern from cells with different tab positions at a current load. Current maps are collected to determine possible cell failures using fault‐simulated batteries that intentionally possess manufacturing faults such as lead‐tab connection failures, electrode misalignment, and stacking faults (electrode folding). A modified MFI analysis exploiting the magnetic field interference with the countercurrent‐carrying plate enables the direct identification of defect spots where abnormal current flow occurs within the pouch cells.