bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the limit of detection in MZI-based biosensor systems
Authors: Martens Daan , Bienstman Peter
Published: April 2019

Mach-Zehnder interferometers are integrated photonic sensors that have yielded excellent detection limits down to 10−7 RIU. They are of particular interest due to their large design freedom, allowing for example application in promising point-of-care compatible read-out schemes. The attainable detection limit of such sensors can interact with the sensor design in different ways, depending on the dominant origin of noise which can either be influencing a single sensor arm, both sensor arms or can be unrelated to the sensor itself. In this work, the interaction of these three noise regimes with the sensor design is examined. The regimes are combined into a framework that predicts the limit of detection as a function of sensor design. A set of experimental results confirms the validity of this obtained theoretical framework. This analysis provides a blueprint for optimization of MZI photonic sensors under any combination of read-out method and measurement circumstances.
Neurons in the monkey orbitofrontal cortex mediate reward value computation and decision-making
Authors: Setogawa Tsuyoshi , Mizuhiki Takashi , Matsumoto Narihisa , Akizawa Fumika , Kuboki Ryosuke , Richmond Barry J. , Shidara Munetaka
Published: April 2019

Choice reflects the values of available alternatives; more valuable options are chosen more often than less valuable ones. Here we studied whether neuronal responses in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) reflect the value difference between options, and whether there is a causal link between OFC neuronal activity and choice. Using a decision-making task where two visual stimuli were presented sequentially, each signifying a value, we showed that when the second stimulus appears many neurons encode the value difference between alternatives. Later when the choice occurs, that difference signal disappears and a signal indicating the chosen value emerges. Pharmacological inactivation of OFC neurons coding for choice-related values increases the monkey’s latency to make a choice and the likelihood that it will choose the less valuable alternative, when the value difference is small. Thus, OFC neurons code for value information that could be used to directly influence choice.
Vanadium Compounds as Enzyme Inhibitors with a Focus on Anticancer Effects
Authors: Crans Debbie C. , Barkley Noah E. , Montezinho Liliana , Castro M. Margarida
Published: April 2019

Vanadium salts and coordination compounds have desirable cellular anticancer effects, and although they have been investigated in detail as a potential treatment for diabetes, less attention has been given to the anticancer effects. The inhibition of some signal transduction enzymes is known, and studies of the metabolism and activation pathways both in vitro and in vivo are important for future investigations and development of vanadium's role as a new potential drug. In addition, a new approach has demonstrated that the enhancement of oncolytic viruses using vanadium salts and coordination complexes for immunotherapy is very promising. Some differences exist between this approach and current antidiabetic and anticancer studies because vanadium(iv) complexes have been found to be most potent in the latter approach, but the few compounds investigated with oncolytic viruses show that vanadium(v) systems are more effective. We conclude that recent studies demonstrate effects on signal transduction enzymes and anticancer pathways, thus suggesting potential applications of vanadium as anticancer agents in the future both as standalone treatments as well as combination therapies.
Synthetically Useful Glycosyltransferases for the Access of Mammalian Glycomes
Authors: Guan Wanyi , Edmunds Garrett A. , Wu Zhigang , Li Lei
Published: April 2019

Glycans play key roles in biological processes. However, complex glycans are not easily accessible and affordable to support diverse functional study. In the efforts of glycan syntheses, one of the most practical approaches is the strategy that employs glycosyltransferases (GTs) – the natural catalysts for glycan biosynthesis. This chapter summarizes the synthetically useful bacterial and mammalian GTs for the preparation of glycans, with an emphasis on mammalian glycans.
Glycan Microarrays with Semi-synthetic Neoglycoconjugate Probes in Understanding Glycobiology
Authors: Palma Angelina S. , Chai Wengang
Published: April 2019

The study of glycan recognition by glycan-binding proteins has emerged as a challenging area of research at the interface of chemistry and biology. The advances in glycomic approaches, including the development and successful application of glycan microarrays, have played a crucial role in the understanding of glycan functions. A variety of methods were developed for construction of arrays using different strategies to overcome the limitation of direct immobilization of glycans onto solid matrices. The neoglycoconjugates were developed in the 1990s to address the multivalency issue of glycan–protein interactions and have been used as probes for non-covalent and covalent immobilization. In this chapter, the principles and applications of microarrays using neoglycolipids and neoglycoproteins as probes are described.
A novel photochromic metal–organic framework with good anion and amine sensing
Authors: Li Xiao-Nan , Li Li , Wang Hai-Yu , Fu Chen , Fu Jia-Wei , Sun Ya-Nan , Zhang Hong
Published: April 2019

The framework exhibits photochromism and high sensitivity of amines and Cr2O72−, and it also can be used as test strips.
Study of the dual functional behaviour of 1,2-bis(4-bromobenzamide)benzene by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Cavalheiro Valéria Machado Siqueira , Nobre Sabrina Madruga , Kessler Felipe
Published: April 2019

This study presents the dual functionality of 1,2-bis(4-bromobenzamide)benzene, where depending on the stoichiometric conditions, temperature and reaction time, the compound may act as a PdCl2 ligand or as one of the reactants of the Suzuki coupling reaction.
Tailored macroporous hydrogel–nanoparticle nanocomposites for monolithic flow-through catalytic reactors
Authors: Gancheva Teodora , Virgilio Nick
Published: April 2019

Highly porous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) PNIPAam hydrogel monoliths with tunable microstructures and comprising gold, silver or palladium nanoparticles, display significant catalytic activity when used in flow-through microreactors.
An ultrafast charging polyphenylamine-based cathode material for high rate lithium, sodium and potassium batteries
Authors: Obrezkov Filipp A. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Traven Valerii F. , Stevenson Keith J. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: April 2019

Metal-free environmentally friendly polyamine-basedPDPPDcathodes delivered promising capacities and impressive rate capabilities (>100C) in Li, Na and K batteries.
Analytical performance of μ-groove silicon attenuated total reflection waveguides
Authors: Haas Julian , Müller Anja , Sykora Lorenz , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: April 2019

The analytical performance of micromachined μ-groove silicon attenuated total reflection (ATR) elements has been evaluated in a comparison of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and quantum cascade laser (QCL) spectroscopy operating at mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths.
Developing chemically modified redox-responsive proteins as smart therapeutics
Authors: Tang Qiao , Wang Jianxue , Jiang Ying , Zhang Meining , Chang Jin , Xu Qiaobing , Mao Lanqun , Wang Ming
Published: April 2019

The chemically modified redox-responsive RNase A–NSA could be selectively activated by up-regulated GSH in live cells for targeted cancer therapy.
A ‘sulfonyl-azide-free’ (SAFE) aqueous-phase diazo transfer reaction for parallel and diversity-oriented synthesis
Authors: Dar’in Dmitry , Kantin Grigory , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: April 2019

Diazo transfer reactions are notoriously associated with the use of potentially explosive sulfonyl azides. Handling of the latter can be avoided with the use of this new protocol.
Influence of interpenetration on the flexibility of MUV-2
Authors: Vicent-Morales María , Vitórica-Yrezábal Iñigo J. , Souto Manuel , Mínguez Espallargas Guillermo
Published: April 2019

The crystal structure of an interpenetrated tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based metal–organic framework (MOF) is reported.
Enhancing electrocatalysis for hydrogen production over CoP catalyst by strain: a density functional theory study
Authors: Liu Fanghan , Liu Cong , Zhong Xiaoliang
Published: April 2019

The facet-dependent strain effects on the hydrogen evolution reaction catalyzed by CoP were studied using density functional theory methods.
Height-driven structure and thermodynamic properties of confined ionic liquids inside carbon nanochannels from molecular dynamics study
Authors: Wang Chenlu , Wang Yanlei , Lu Yumiao , He Hongyan , Huo Feng , Dong Kun , Wei Ning , Zhang Suojiang
Published: April 2019

The entropy–height relationship was determined via molecular dynamics simulations, indicating nonmonotonic changes in the thermodynamic properties of confined ionic liquids.
The effect of co-adsorbed solvent molecules on H2 binding to metal alkoxides
Authors: Colón Yamil J. , Snurr Randall Q.
Published: April 2019

Quantum mechanical calculations provide insights into interactions between solvent molecules and metal alkoxides and resulting hydrogen binding energies.
Two solvent-induced variable host–guest two-dimensional binary frameworks mediated by hydrogen bonding
Authors: Li Wei , Qiu Shenyu , Xu Chengyong , Hu Junping , Chen Xiaoling
Published: April 2019

Two-dimensional binary hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks constructed from 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (TMA) and 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (BDA) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in heptanoic acid and octanoic acid solvents.
Immobilization of phosphotungstate through doping in polypyrrole for supercapacitors
Authors: Chang Zhihan , Sang Xiaoguang , Song Yu , Sun Xiaoqi , Liu Xiao-Xia
Published: April 2019

Immobilization of phosphotungstate is achieved through doping in polypyrrole. Owing to the proton sponge provided by polypyrrole, electrochemical stability in neutral solution is realized for phosphotungstate.
Multi-flow calibration applied to microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry
Authors: Williams Charles B. , Jones Bradley T. , Donati George L.
Published: April 2019

A novel calibration method based on multiple nebulization gas flow rates is used to improve accuracy and sample throughput in microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry.
Layer-by-layer integration of conducting polymers and metal organic frameworks onto electrode surfaces: enhancement of the oxygen reduction reaction through electrocatalytic nanoarchitectonics
Authors: Mártire Ana Paula , Segovia Gustavo M. , Azzaroni Omar , Rafti Matías , Marmisollé Waldemar
Published: April 2019

Nanoarchitectonics can lead to electrode materials with enhanced electrocatalytic properties.
Optical and magnetic properties of trans-indigo˙− radical anions. Magnetic coupling between trans-indigo˙− (S = 1/2) mediated by intermolecular hydrogen N–H⋯OC bonds
Authors: Konarev Dmitri V. , Zorina Leokadiya V. , Batov Mikhail S. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Lyubovskaya Rimma N.
Published: April 2019

Reduction of trans-indigo yields salt {cryptand[2.2.2](K+)}6{trans-indigo}7·5.5C6H4Cl2 (1). The trans-indigo˙− radical anions are bonded by intermolecular hydrogen N–H⋯OC bonds of 2.11–2.17 Å.
A hydrazono-quinoline-based chemosensor sensing In3+ and Zn2+via fluorescence turn-on and ClO−via color change in aqueous solution
Authors: Kim Ahran , Kim Cheal
Published: April 2019

A multi-target sensor, based on hydrazono-quinoline, was developed for fluorescence turn-on detection of In3+ and Zn2+ and colorimetric detection of ClO−.
Columnar self-assembly of novel benzylidenehydrazones and their difluoroboron complexes: structure–property correlations
Authors: Vinayakumara D. R. , Swamynathan K. , Kumar Sandeep , Adhikari Airody Vasudeva
Published: April 2019

A series of prospective columnar liquid crystalline materials derived from novel organoboron complexes has been developed by virtue of their application in organic electronic devices.
Comparative analysis of burn-in photo-degradation in non-fullerene COi8DFIC acceptor based high-efficiency ternary organic solar cells
Authors: Duan Leiping , Meng Xianyi , Zhang Yu , Yi Haimang , Jin Ke , Haque Faiazul , Xu Chen , Xiao Zuo , Ding Liming , Uddin Ashraf
Published: April 2019

The ternary organic solar cell is a promising technology towards high power conversion efficiency.
Exploring stable, sub-ambient temperatures in mechanochemistry via a diverse set of enantioselective reactions
Authors: Andersen Joel , Brunemann James , Mack James
Published: April 2019

For mechanochemical reactions there is a fine balance between temperature and frequency. Although temperature is weighted heavily, frequency is critical.
Nanocomposite of nickel oxide nanoparticles and polyethylene oxide as printable hole transport layer for organic solar cells
Authors: Ruscello Marta , Sarkar Tanmoy , Levitsky Artem , Matrone Giovanni Maria , Droseros Nikolaos , Schlisske Stefan , Sachs Eleni , Reiser Patrick , Mankel Eric , Kowalsky Wolfgang , Banerji Natalie , Stingelin Natalie , Frey Gitti L. , Hernandez-Sosa Gerardo
Published: April 2019

Low temperature NiOx is achieved using PEO as sacrificial ink additive to make hole transport layer for solar cells.
Thermoelectrics of two-dimensional conjugated benzodithiophene-based polymers: density-of-states enhancement and semi-metallic behavior
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyan , Pan Chengjun , Gao Chunmei , Shinohara Akira , Yin Xiaojun , Wang Luhai , Li Yu , Jiang Qinglin , Yang Chuluo , Wang Lei
Published: April 2019

Two-dimensional conjugated benzodithiophene-based polymers showed a large Seebeck coefficient due to the enhancement of the density of states around the Fermi level and behaved like semi-metallic polymers.
Tailoring Li6PS5Br ionic conductivity and understanding of its role in cathode mixtures for high performance all-solid-state Li–S batteries
Authors: Yu Chuang , Hageman Jart , Ganapathy Swapna , van Eijck Lambert , Zhang Long , Adair Keegan R. , Sun Xueliang , Wagemaker Marnix
Published: April 2019

By tailoring the Br ordering over the 4a and 4c sites, Li6PS5Br with ultrafast ionic conductivity was achieved, which can be worked as both active material and solid electrolyte in all-solid-state Li–S batteries.
Bacterial acidity-triggered antimicrobial activity of self-assembling peptide nanofibers
Authors: Chen Weike , Li Shuxin , Renick Paul , Yang Su , Pandy Nikhil , Boutte Cara , Nguyen Kytai T. , Tang Liping , Dong He
Published: April 2019

A soluble, supramolecular peptide serves as an antimicrobial depot to release activated peptides in response to microenvironmental pH change around bacteria.
Genetic variation in the HLA-G 3′UTR 14–bp insertion/deletion and the associated cancer risk: evidence from 25 case–control studies
Authors: Jiang You , Lu Jun , Wu Yue-E , Zhao Xin , Li Liang
Published: April 2019

Human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) plays an important role in the progression of human cancers. A growing number of published studies have investigated the correlation between the HLA-G 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) 14-bp insertion/deletion (Ins/Del) polymorphism and the associated cancer risk in different populations. However, results from previous studies are inconclusive and inconsistent for the different type of cancers. Therefore, we undertook a meta-analysis to assess the effects of the HLA-G 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism on cancer risk. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases to obtain relevant studies up to 28 January 2019. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. Twenty-five published case–control studies comprising 4981 cases and 6391 controls were included in the current meta-analysis. The results of the overall analysis revealed that the HLA–G 14–bp Ins/Ins genotype and Ins allele were associated with the total cancer risk in the homozygote comparison model (Ins/Ins vs. Del/Del: OR = 0.80, CI = 0.64–1.00; P=0.049) and the allelic comparison model (Ins vs. Del: OR = 0.89, CI = 0.81–0.99; P=0.035), with a protective role. Further subgroup analyses indicated that the HLA–G 14–bp Ins/Del polymorphism was associated with the risk of breast cancer and oesophageal cancer (EC), and significant risk of cancer was also observed in Mixed populations and population-based (PB). The results of our meta-analysis show that the HLA–G 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism plays an important role in cancer risk, particularly in breast cancer and esophageal cancer in Mixed populations. Additional case–control studies with different types of cancer spanning different ethnicities are needed to extend the present findings.
PAPR reduction in OFDM using scaled particle swarm optimisation based partial transmit sequence technique
Authors: Prasad Sanjana , Jayabalan Ramesh
Published: April 2019

Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is one of the effective techniques for reducing the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. PTS technique has some issues such as higher computational complexity due to its exhaustive searching of optimal phase factors. In order to overcome this drawback, a scaled particle swarm optimisation algorithm is applied to PTS technique to find the optimal phase factors for reducing the PAPR at a faster convergence rate and lower computational complexity. A scaling factor has been introduced in the velocity updating equation of conventional particle swarm optimisation (PSO) to increase the inertia weight and velocity of the particle, thereby providing faster convergence to the optimum value as well as reducing PAPR effectively. From the simulation results obtained, it can be observed that the proposed scaled PSO‐PTS algorithm reduces PAPR effectively and is most suitable for applications with the 64‐QAM modulation scheme.
Discovery and progenitor constraints on the Type Ia supernova 2013gy
Authors: Holmbo S. , Stritzinger M. D. , Shappee B. J. , Tucker M. A. , Zheng W. , Ashall C. , Phillips M. M. , Contreras C. , Filippenko A. V. , Hoeflich P. , Huber M. , Piro A. L. , Wang X. F. , Zhang J.-J. , Anais J. , Baron E. , Burns C. R. , Campillay A. , Castellón S. , Corco C. , Hsiao E. Y. , Krisciunas K. , Morrell N. , Nielsen M. T. B. , Persson S. E. , Taddia F. , Tomasella L. , Zhang T.-M. , Zhao X.-L.
Published: April 2019

We present an early-phaseg-band light curve and visual-wavelength spectra of the normal Type Ia supernova (SN) 2013gy. The light curve is constructed by determining the appropriate S-corrections to transform KAIT natural-systemB- andV-band photometry and Carnegie Supernova Project natural-systemg-band photometry to the Pan-STARRS1g-band natural photometric system. A Markov chain Monte Carlo calculation provides a best-fit single power-law function to the first ten epochs of photometry described by an exponent of 2.16+0.06−0.06and a time of first light of MJD 56629.4+0.1−0.1, which is 1.93+0.12−0.13days (i.e., < 48 h) before the discovery date (2013 December 4.84 UT) and −19.10+0.12−0.13days before the time ofB-band maximum (MJD 56648.5 ± 0.1). The estimate of the time of first light is consistent with the explosion time inferred from the evolution of the Si IIλ6355 Doppler velocity. Furthermore, discovery photometry and previous nondetection limits enable us to constrain the companion radius down toRc ≤ 4 R⊙. In addition to our early-time constraints, we used a deep +235 day nebular-phase spectrum fromMagellan/IMACS to place a stripped H-mass limit of < 0.018 M⊙. Combined, these limits effectively rule out H-rich nondegenerate companions.
Crack Reduction during Drying Process by Using Surfactant
Authors: Guzlena Sandra , Sakale Gita , Certoks Sergejs , Spule Arnita
Published: April 2019

In this research clay brick samples were made from illitic clays. Surfactant was added to clay mass during formation process to reduce crack generation during drying process. Surfactant amount was changed below critical micelle concentration (CMC). Nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 was used. Samples were prepared using extruder. Clay mass samples were analysed by granulometry, surfactant by contact angle and surface tension measurements and brick samples by microscope to determine crack amount. Changing surfactant amount closer to CMC is possible to reduce crack amount in sample during drying stage.
Effect of Inorganic SiO2 Nanofibers in High Strength Cementitious Composites
Authors: Bodnarova Lenka , Hela Rudolf , Sedlacek Daniel
Published: April 2019

The paper deals with the verification of the effect of the addition of inorganic SiO2 nanofibers to cement composites. In the first stage, a stable suspension of SiO2 nanofibers was prepared in an aqueous medium. It is important to distribute nanofibers so that the nanofibers do not appear in the form of clumps and at the same time do not get damaged during the dispersion process. The ultrasonification process was used for dispersion. The dispersed suspension of SiO2 nanofibers and water was dosed together with the superplasticizing admixtures into the dry components of the cement composite and the components were homogenized. The properties of the cement composite with SiO2 nanofibers have been tested – compressive strength, flexural strength, density. Composites with the addition of SiO2 nanofibers at a dose of 0.008 % by weight of cement exhibited an increased compressive strength of up to 33 % and a 19 % greater flexural strength at doses of 0.016 and 0.032 % of cement weight than the reference sample without nanofibers. The presence of SiO2 nanofibers in the composite was monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Strength and Deformability of the Concrete Core of Precompressed Concrete Filled Steel Tube Columns of Annular Cross-Section
Authors: Krishan Anatoly , Astafeva Mariia
Published: April 2019

The advantages of short concrete filled steel tube columns with a precompressed concrete core are presented in the article. Particular cases, where such compression is most appropriate, are listed. Taking into consideration the structural features of concrete filled steel tube columns it is recommended to calculate their bearing capacity on the basis of deformation model of reinforced concrete. The reliability of this calculation will be largely dependent on the conformity of the accepted diagram of the concrete core deformation with its actual behavior. Formulas for determining the strength of precompressed concrete core and the ultimate strain of its shortening are proposed, which allow constructing the sufficiently accurate deformation diagram.
Design of Bus Station Based on Sustainable Development and Humanization Designprinciples-Take Two Design Plans for Example
Authors: Lyu Jianhua , Xiang Jia , Zhao Junqi , Ming
Published: April 2019

This study was performed to investigate the status and exiting problems of bus station design use by using comparative analysis, literature analysis, case analysis and other methods, then provide references for functional requirements of bus station. The theoretical and practical analysis says that principle of sustainability, demand, safety, humanization and cultural heritage should be considered in bus station design. Finally, the research results of this study were demonstrated by the case of two bus station design plans, and the development trend of bus station design are forecasted in order to provide certain scientific basis for the design of bus station in the future.
The formation of the cutting tool microgeometry by pulsed laser ablation
Authors: Fedorov Sergey V. , Ostrikov Evgeny A. , Mustafaev Enver S. , Hamdy Khaled
Published: April 2019

Laser ablation is considered as an alternative to other methods that allow precise processing of various tool materials and work with both the base material and thin films of wear-resistant coatings. This article presents an investigation of the possibility of setting the microgeometry of the surface of cutting tool made of high-speed steel M2 and hard alloy WCCo3 using ablation with nanosecond infrared marking Nd:YVO4 laser. Dependencies of the width and depth of the resulting tracks on the specified laser power are obtained. It was revealed that their depth depends on a set of several specified factors: power, scanning speed, pulse frequency rate, and a number of passes. The modes with a radiation power of up to 70% are of interest for the treatment of the tool surface using a laser because they have a more predictable profile and more efficient energy distribution. The most uniform and smooth surface were obtained after laser treatment with the following parameters: power 60%, frequency 10 kHz, scanning speed 200 mm/s irrespective of the material being processed. The greater flexibility of the coating material for laser processing was observed. The depth of tracks on the coated (TiAl)N samples is larger than on the uncoated samples. The possibility to obtain a chamfer with the specified width and angle parameters by laser processing based on the obtained dependencies is demonstrated.
Sind frühgeborene Kinder belastet?
Authors: Bergander Jörg , Drechsler Franziska , Sommerfeld Marion , Reichert Jörg
Published: April 2019

Die Rolle der Eltern aus neonatologischer Sicht hat sich gewandelt. Waren sie vor
einigen Jahren auf der Station noch unerwünscht, versucht man heute, sie so früh
wie möglich in die Pflege ihres Kindes miteinzubeziehen. Dazu gehört auch das
Baden des Kindes, und das will gelernt sein. Doch wie reagieren die Kinder
darauf?
Empathie für sich und andere
Authors: Kocks Andreas , Kaschull Karoline , Altmann Tobias , Roth Marcus
Published: April 2019

Ohne Empathie ist eine Gesundheitsversorgung nur schwer vorstellbar. Sie ist eine
wichtige Voraussetzung und zugleich ein zentrales Arbeitsinstrument für den
Pflegeberuf, um Bedürfnisse und Gefühle anderer Menschen erschließen zu können.
Empathisches Handeln kann aber auch eine Quelle für berufliche Belastungen sein.
Im Rahmen des vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderten
Forschungsprojekts empCARE wurden Pflegende mit Trainings und Coaching in einer
reflektierten Empathie geschult, um psychischen Belastungen der eigenen Person
vorzubeugen.
Vegane Ernährung – gesund oder risikobehaftet?
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter
Published: April 2019

Eine vegane Ernährung kann eine gute Versorgung mit den Nährstoffen, wie sie in pflanzlichen Nahrungsmitteln üblicherweise vorhanden sind, liefern. Allerdings schaffen nicht alle Veganer eine gesundheitsfördernde Umsetzung, was zur Mangelversorgung bei Mineralstoffen, Spurenelementen und Vitaminen führen kann. Diese Ernährungsform setzt eine umfassende Kenntnis im Bereich Ernährung und Nährstoffe voraus, v. a. bei Schwangeren, Kindern und alten Menschen.
Komplementärberatung: Den Faktor Mensch professionell einbinden
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: April 2019

Sind Mitarbeiter in Veränderungsprozesse nicht eingebunden, verlaufen gute Beratungsansätze oft im Sand. Um das zu verhindern, bietet das Beratungsunternehmen CoSolvia seit neuestem die Komplementärberatung an. Sie führt die Ansätze von Fach- und Prozessberatung zusammen. Im Gespräch mit kma erklärt Geschäftsführer Cord Brüning, wie das funktioniert.
Ärztlicher Führungsnachwuchs: Oberärzte händeringend gesucht
Authors: Martin Wolfgang
Published: April 2019

Wollen Krankenhäuser heutzutage eine Oberarztpositon besetzen, brauchen sie unter Umständen einen langen Atem. Dass Vakanzen auf der zweiten Führungsebene länger als ein Jahr bestehen bleiben, ist keine Seltenheit mehr. Was heißt das für die Zukunft?
Early Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of the Metaphyseally Fixed Totally Stabilized Knee Prosthesis in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hossain Fahad , Konan Sujith , Kayani Babar , Kontoghiorghe Christina , Barrack Toby , Sami Haddad Fares
Published: April 2019

The use of valgus–varus constrained (VVC) implant designs in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is considered in situations of severe deformities, bone loss, and inadequate soft tissue balance. It is not known whether the use of such prosthesis designs may predispose to reduced function owing to its constraining design. The components are usually implanted with diaphyseal stem extensions to dissipate the increased forces. The totally stabilized (TS) implant is a contemporary VVC design with metaphyseal fixation only. It has a conforming articulation with increased rotational freedom compared with conventional VVC designs. The aim of this study was to assess whether the use of the contemporary TS implant with its metaphyseally fixed components would be associated with inferior outcomes compared with conventional standard primary posterior stabilized (PS) implants. We reviewed 38 consecutive complex primary TKAs performed using the metaphyseally fixed TS implant and 76 matched patients receiving primary PS TKA, at a minimum follow-up of 24 months. The mean follow-up was 61.1 months (24–102). Only patients with osteoarthritis were included. Clinical outcome was assessed using range of motion (ROM) and Oxford knee score (OKS). Radiographic assessment was performed using the femorotibial angle (FTA) at 6 weeks followed by assessment of bone–implant interface lucencies at final follow-up. There were no major early postoperative complications. The mean postoperative ROM in the TS and PS groups were 114.1 and 112.0, respectively. There was no difference in the mean ROM and OKS between the two groups. The mean FTA for patients in both groups was within 3° of the expected. There was no evidence of progressive lucencies or implant migration at final follow-up. The metaphyseally fixed TS knee design achieves comparable short-term functional outcomes when compared with conventional PS designs in primary knee arthroplasty. Long-term follow-up studies are required to assess survivorship.
Prosthodontic Management of Single Complete Denture with Reinforced Metal Denture Base: A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Chhavi , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay , Verma Sanjan , Mehta Shak
Published: April 2019

For improvement in longevity of complete denture prosthesis in place of conventional poly methyl methacrylate denture base material, metal denture base is used to rehabilitate complete edentulous maxillary arch as it helps in preventing resorption of residual ridges and improves fracture resistance, better dimensional stability, more accuracy, less weight, and better retention of prosthesis. For better prognosis there are many factors, but major factors such as retention, stability, and support are more important. Metal denture base leads to improvement in physical properties of the prosthesis.
Effect of Partial Fibula Osteotomy Combined with Arthroscopic Debridement Surgery in the Treatment of Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Ying-Ming , Zhu Chen , Kong Rong , Yu De-Wan , Zhao Qi-Chun
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effect of partial fibula osteotomy combined with arthroscopic debridement surgery on the treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. From January 2013 to June 2016, 17 patients who suffered from medial compartment knee osteoarthritis were assigned to two groups: groups A (n = 5) and B (n = 12). Group A patients were treated with arthroscopic debridement surgery only, while group B patients received additional fibula osteotomy in addition to arthroscopic debridement operation. Visual analogue score (VAS) and hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee score were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Group B had significant reduction in the VAS after the procedure (3.1 ± 0.8) compared with that before the procedure (6.9 ± 1.0) or group A after surgery (5.4), respectively, p < 0.05. In contrast, the HSS knee score increased significantly in group B after the procedure (83.6 ± 2.5) compared with that before the procedure (63.0 ± 3.8) or group A after the surgery (68.2 ± 2.8), respectively, p < 0.05. Partial fibula osteotomy combined with arthroscopic debridement surgery is superior to arthroscopic debridement surgery only in the treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.
Three-stage phase separation kinetics in a model liquid binary mixture: A computational study
Authors: Hazra Milan K. , Sarkar Sarmistha , Bagchi Biman
Published: April 2019

We study microscopic aspects of initial phase separation through atomistic molecular dynamics simulation of a structure breaking liquid binary mixture. We find that the phase separation kinetics in a fluid binary mixture model system can indeed be unusual. It can be fast, with a crossover from a pronounced exponential to non-exponential and non-linear dynamics. An important outcome of this work is the quantification of time scales involved in phase separation kinetics at an early stage. The initial exponential phase separation is complete within ∼100 ps. The initial phase separation involves aggregation of small droplets that form rapidly after the quench. This is followed by segregation that gives rise to pattern formation with multiple bands of segregated species. During this initial phase, a particle is found to have moved only about ∼5 molecular diameters. The next stage is slower and characterized by break-up and disappearance of small islands of species trapped inside the domains of other species of the binary mixture. The phase separation in this second stage is highly non-exponential and power-law-like. We identify a new feature in the very late stage of phase separation kinetics that seems to have eluded previous attention, the smoothing of the rugged interface between the two species. This is opposite to the roughening transition one finds on the surface of solids in contact with its vapor phase. The present atomistic simulation provides a molecular picture in terms of molecular motions and displacements.
Selection of spatiotemporal patterns in arrays of spatially distributed oscillators indirectly coupled via a diffusive environment
Authors: Cao Xiao-Zhi , He Yuan , Li Bing-Wei
Published: April 2019

Emergence of self-organized behaviors in diverse living systems often depends on population density. In these systems, cell-cell communications are usually mediated by the surrounding environment. Collective behaviors (e.g., synchrony and dynamical quorum sensing) of such systems with stirred environment have been extensively studied, but the spatiotemporal dynamics of the oscillators coupled via a diffusive environment (without stirring) is rather understudied. We here perform a computational study on the selection and competition of wave patterns in arrays of spatially distributed oscillators immersed in a diffusive medium. We find that population density plays a crucial role in the selection of wave patterns: (i) for a single spiral in the system, its rotation either inward or outward could be controlled by population density, and (ii) for spiral and target waves coexisting initially in the system, wave competition happens and population density decides which type of wave will finally survive. The latter phenomenon is further confirmed in a system whose individual element is excitable rather than self-sustained oscillatory. The mechanism underlying all these observations is attributed to the frequency competition. Our results in the excitable case may have implications on the experimental results.
Magnetic-field-induced transport asymmetry in two-terminal circular ballistic bends
Authors: Hortelano V. , Weidlich H. , Masselink W. T. , Takagaki Y.
Published: April 2019

A recent experiment [Hortelano et al., Semicond. Sci. Technol. 32, 125005 (2017)] reported a rectification effect that appeared in curved narrow ballistic channels of a two-dimensional electron gas when the strength of a magnetic field applied to the channels was tuned. The phenomenon was reproduced by classical billiard simulations as resulting from a transmission asymmetry caused by diffuse boundary scattering. However, this manifests breakdown of a commonly used simple model for diffuse boundary since the magnetic-field dependence of the transmission in two-terminal geometries has to be symmetric in equilibrium. We demonstrate here that this tendency of the system predicted by the billiard simulations is a real transmission asymmetry effect that emerges in the nonequilibrium transport. We perform nonequilibrium quantum-mechanical simulations with taking into account Coulomb repulsion. Experimental observations are presented to demonstrate consistencies with the numerical results.
A miniature multi-pulse series loading Hopkinson bar experimental device based on an electromagnetic launch
Authors: Huang Wenkai , Chen Guangxin , Hu Mingbin , Liang Qichao , Yang Kangyao , Zhang Mingkai
Published: April 2019

Controlled multi-pulse loading has seldom been applied in classical split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) research. Therefore, a new technique is proposed to realize a controlled multi-pulse loading SHPB experiment, and a miniature multi-pulse series reluctance coil launcher is developed. The micro-multi-pulse series reluctance coil emitter consists of two single-stage reluctance coils and two impact bars. Two loading pulses with the same amplitude are produced by driving the two impact bars to successively impact the incident bar. The distance between the impact bars controls the delay of the second pulse relative to the first one. The delay can be controlled by adjusting the distance between the impact bars and the launch speed. This precise multi-pulse loading technique is easy to implement and can be used to measure and study the dynamic response of various materials in loading SHPB experiments.
The effects of metal vapour on the fault arc in a closed, air-filled container
Authors: Wu Yifei , Li Mei , Wu Yi , Yang Fei , Guo Pengcheng
Published: April 2019

The present work is an investigation of the effects of metal vapour on the behavior of a fault arc in a closed, air-filled container. Experiments were performed to measure the pressure, temperature, and energy balance of the fault arc for different metal electrodes. Theoretical results are obtained using a magneto-hydrodynamic model for the fault arc and then compared with the experimental results. It is found that the effects of increased radiation and mass transfer caused by metal vapour considerably cool down the plasma in the central arc, whereas the influence of increased electrical conductivity is relatively small. The simulation of the energy balance suggests that the pressure rise is seriously affected by the metal vapour due to the similarity of heat transport processes of the fault arc. In the case of Cu and Al electrodes, the heating of surrounding gas dominates in the energy dissipation, while for Fe, the radiation does. Huge chemical energy released due to Al vapour results in the maximum pressure rise for Al electrodes, and the strong radiation in the case of Fe electrodes is responsible for its smallest pressure rise.
Phase-sensitive sum frequency vibrational spectroscopic study of air/water interfaces: H2O, D2O, and diluted isotopic mixtures
Authors: Xu Xiaofan , Shen Y. Ron , Tian Chuanshan
Published: April 2019

Using phase-sensitive sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy with a carefully chosen phase reference, we revisited the vibrational spectra of vapor/water interfaces of neat H2O and D2O as well as HDO in diluted isotopic mixtures. Using z-cut quartz as the phase reference, with proper frequency scaling, the gross features of the OH and OD stretching spectra from H2O and D2O and from HDO in two isotopic mixtures look similar and agree with those reported earlier, but differences are also apparent. In particular, a weak positive band at low frequencies, which has been asserted by molecular dynamic simulations but not detectable in the experimental OH spectrum with pure H2O, is now visible in the OD spectrum. The differences must arise from the change of intermolecular interaction of water molecules with their surrounding molecules upon exchange of the isotopes.
A general experimental system for the development of acoustic logging tools
Authors: Yao Y. C. , Tan B. H. , Zhang K.
Published: April 2019

Laboratory testing is a pre-requisite for the practical application of new methods and techniques, and it is crucial in the research and development of acoustic well-logging tools. Various tools have been developed based on different acoustic logging theories and methods. Thus, these tools are equipped with different acoustic sonde structures. To meet the test requirements of different tools in a laboratory environment, we designed a general experimental system that includes hardware platform, software platform, and model wells according to the common structure of actual logging tools. Similar to the internal electrical structure of downhole tools, the hardware platform consists of several main parts, such as power supply, control and telemetering, acoustic emission, and data acquisition. The functions of this hardware platform include controlling the working sequence of the experiment, exciting the transmitter sonde, and collecting the acoustic signals received by the receiver sonde. The software platform installed in the host computer provides a human–computer interface for the experimental system to complete the data transmission between the host computer and the hardware platform, store measured data, and process the data in real time. The model wells approximate the actual engineering environment and stratum condition for system testing. A series of practical laboratory experiments is conducted in the model wells by using this experimental system. The process proves that the hardware and software of the experimental system can work in coordination, and the experimental system meets the basic testing requirements of conventional acoustic logging tools.
Experimental evidence for x-ray standing wave modulated surface scattering effect
Authors: Wu Longlong , Wang Xiao , Chen Gang
Published: April 2019

X-ray standing waves generated above flat surfaces will modulate local electric field intensity distributions and in turn alter surface scattering patterns. Such an effect is uncovered in the grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering study of the two-dimensional (2D) colloidal superlattices deposited on Si substrates. There are appreciable differences between the scattering patterns of a single particle simulated by the conventional and multislice distorted-wave Born approximation methods. The single-particle scattering effect is much amplified by the periodic arrangement of the 2D hexagonal superlattice, rendering it experimentally detectable. Numerical simulations incorporating the x-ray standing wave modulated surface scattering effect show remarkable agreement with the experimental data.
Use of cell phone type cameras to enhance focusing and magnification in optical microscopes
Authors: Philibert B. , Feldman M.
Published: April 2019

Cameras with auto-focusing and zoom capability, such as those in cell phones, can simplify focusing a microscope and at the same time provide a wide range of magnification.
High-order harmonic generation from hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite thin films
Authors: Hirori Hideki , Xia Peiyu , Shinohara Yasushi , Otobe Tomohito , Sanari Yasuyuki , Tahara Hirokazu , Ishii Nobuhisa , Itatani Jiro , Ishikawa Kenichi L. , Aharen Tomoko , Ozaki Masashi , Wakamiya Atsushi , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko
Published: April 2019

The generation of high-order harmonics from hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) is demonstrated by the excitation with a strong mid-infrared laser pulse. We prepare three types of HOIP polycrystalline thin film samples by solution processes (MAPbX3; MA = CH3NH3+; X = I, Br, Cl). The high-order harmonics from the sample (MAPbBr3) are more than tenfold stronger than those from the well-studied GaSe crystal despite their comparable bandgap energies, implying that the stronger band-to-band transition of the HOIPs causes the higher yields.
A bio-inspired host-parasite structure for broadband vibration energy harvesting from low-frequency random sources
Authors: Fu Hailing , Sharif-Khodaei Zahra , Aliabadi Ferri
Published: April 2019

Energy harvesting for low-power sensing has drawn great attention, but still faces challenges in harnessing broadband random motions. Inspired by the parasitic relationship in plants, a host-parasite vibration harvester is designed to scavenge random low-frequency vibrations by incorporating bi-stability and frequency up-conversion within such a design. A hosting beam is formed in a buckled condition by clamping it at both ends and applying an axial compression load. Two parasitic piezoelectric beams are fixed at the center of the hosting beam and plucked at the free ends by two plectra on the hosting beam, while it oscillates in an inter-well mode. The low-frequency hosting beam oscillation is converted to high-frequency parasitic beam's vibration at resonance due to the plucking effect, allowing the harvester to convert the broadband low-frequency motion into electricity effectively. The electromechanical dynamics are modeled and the design is validated experimentally. The harvester is capable of harnessing low-frequency random vibration (0.0018 g2/Hz @ 5–400 Hz) over a wide bandwidth. More than 1 mJ energy was collected over 100 s under this pseudorandom vibration.
Spectroscopic coincidence experiments in transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Jannis Daen , Müller-Caspary Knut , Béché Armand , Oelsner Andreas , Verbeeck Johan
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate the feasibility of coincidence measurements on a conventional transmission electron microscope, revealing the temporal correlation between electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy events. We make use of a delay line detector with ps-range time resolution attached to a modified EELS spectrometer. We demonstrate that coincidence between both events, related to the excitation and deexcitation of atoms in a crystal, provides added information not present in the individual EELS or EDX spectra. In particular, the method provides EELS with a significantly suppressed or even removed background, overcoming the many difficulties with conventional parametric background fitting as it uses no assumptions on the shape of the background, requires no user input and does not suffer from counting noise originating from the background signal. This is highly attractive, especially when low concentrations of elements need to be detected in a matrix of other elements.
Modified plasma waves described by a logarithmic electrodynamics
Authors: Haas Fernando , Gaete Patricio , Ospedal Leonardo P. R. , Helayël-Neto José Abdalla
Published: April 2019

The propagation of plasma waves in a new nonlinear, logarithmic electrodynamics model is performed. A cold, uniform, collisionless fluid plasma model is applied. Electrostatic waves in magnetized plasma are shown to correspond to modified Trivelpiece-Gould modes, together with changes in the plasma and upper-hybrid frequencies, driven by the logarithmic electrodynamics effects. Electromagnetic waves are described by a generalized Appleton-Hartree dispersion relation. The cases of propagation parallel or perpendicular to the equilibrium magnetic field are analyzed in detail. In particular, generalized ordinary and extraordinary modes are obtained. We determine the changes, due to logarithmic electrodynamics, in the allowable and forbidden frequency bands of the new extraordinary mode. Estimates are provided about the strength of the ambient magnetic field so that the nonlinear electrodynamics effects become decisive.
AlN structures demonstrate quasi-phase matching within UV range
Authors: Johnson Sally Cole
Published: April 2019

Researchers show that lasers based on non-ferroelectrically-poled quasi-phase matched crystal waveguides within the ultraviolet range are possible, thanks to polarity-inverted AIN-structure waveguides.