bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les difficultés de lecture des collégiens en SEGPA : évaluation et remédiation
Authors: David Jacques
Published: May 2018

Reading diffi culties of segpa pupils : evaluation and remediation

The contribution uses a review of investigations about the reading diffi culties of collégiens (1st cycle, secondary). We develop some of them -more particularly the researches conducted by the ministry of Education in 1997 (in Dossiers de l’évaluation, n° 112, 1999)-to expound the first outcomes of a current research aiming to describe the reading difficulties or incapacities of 6ème SEGPA pupils (1st year, special cycle secondary, for pupils with special educational needs) and suggest adjusted (re)learning procedures. Thus we show that these pupils are often considerably far behind and the majority of them fail most of the 6eme national evaluation tests in French. They show a wide diversity of (non) performances which goes from (i) pupils who cannot decipher the most basic words and who often keep to logographic strategies ; (ii) pupils who just skim through texts and “imagine” probable contents at the risk of multiple misinterpretations ; (iii) more numerous pupils who are taken up by elementary deciphering procedures which therefore prevent them from having access to a global representation of the meaning of the texts. The study describes the few reading skills actually mastered by these pupils and, by comparison it defines the procedures they need to construct, reconstruct or complement in the graphophonological, orthographical, semanticosyntactic and discursive fields. We suggest adapted teaching strategies which should take the embryonic procedures of these pupils into account and include (i) processes with a metacognitive and metalinguistic objective ; (ii) lesson plans integrating the linguistic elements depending on the specific way texts are written ; (iii) adjusted and varied remediations aiming to make the recognition of words automatic ; (iiii) reading projects related to the text writing activity and the objectives of the other school subjects taught in collège. the risk of multiple misinterpretations ; (iii) more numerous pupils who are taken up by elementary deciphering procedures which therefore prevent them from having access to a global representation of the meaning of the texts. The study describes the few reading skills actually mastered by these pupils and, by comparison it defi nes the procedures they need to construct, reconstruct or complement in the graphophonological, orthographical, semanticosyntactic and discursive fi elds. We suggest adapted teaching strategies which should take the embryonic procedures of these pupils into account and include (i) processes with a metacognitive and metalinguistic objective ; (ii) lesson plans integrating the linguistic elements depending on the specifi c way texts are written ; (iii) adjusted and varied remediations aiming to make the recognition of words automatic ; (iiii) reading projects related to the text writing activity and the objectives of the other school subjects taught in collège.
Disorder-induced suppression of the zero-bias conductance peak splitting in topological superconducting nanowires
Authors: Ren Jun-Tong , Lü Hai-Feng , Ke Sha-Sha , Guo Yong , Zhang Huai-Wu
Published: May 2018

We investigate the effect of three types of intrinsic disorder, including that in pairing energy, chemical potential, and hopping amplitude, on the transport properties through the superconducting nanowires with Majorana bound states (MBSs). The conductance and the noise Fano factor are calculated based on a tight-binding model by adopting a non-equilibrium Green’s function method. It is found that the disorder can effectively lead to a reduction in the conductance peak spacings and significantly suppress the peak height. Remarkably, for a longer nanowire, the zero-bias peak could be reproduced by weak disorder for a finite Majorana energy splitting. It is interesting that the shot noise provides a signature to discriminate whether the zero-bias peak is induced by Majorana zero mode or disorder. For Majorana zero mode, the noise Fano factor approaches zero in the low bias voltage limit due to the resonant Andreev tunneling. However, the Fano factor is finite in the case of a disorder-induced zero-bias peak.
The first Pd-catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig aminations at C-2 or C-4 in the estrone series
Authors: Bacsa Ildikó , Szemerédi Dávid , Wölfling János , Schneider Gyula , Fekete Lilla , Mernyák Erzsébet
Published: May 2018

A facile Pd-catalyzed C(sp2)–N coupling to provide a range of 2- or 4-[(subst.)phenyl]amino-13α-estrone derivatives has been achieved under microwave irradiation. The reactions were mediated with the use of Pd(OAc)2 as a catalyst and KOt-Bu as a base in the presence of X-Phos as a ligand. The desired products have been obtained in good to excellent yields. The nature and the position of the aniline substituent at the aromatic ring influenced the outcome of the couplings. 2-Amino-13α-estrone was also synthesized in a two-step protocol including an amination of 2-bromo-13α-estrone 3-benzyl ether with benzophenone imine and subsequent hydrogenolysis.
U.S. STOCK MARKET P/E RATIOS, STRUCTURAL BREAKS, AND LONG-TERM STOCK RETURNS
Authors: BAEK Chung , LEE Ingyu
Published: May 2018

Our study investigates structural changes in the market P/E ratio and shows how structural changes affect long-term stock market returns. Using the cumulative sum control chart and the Bai-Perron algorithm, we identify multiple structural breakpoints in the market P/E ratio and find that those structural changes are significantly perceived over the long run. Unlike previous studies that do not consider structural changes, our study is the first one that shows how structural changes asymmetrically influence long-term stock returns depending on the high or low P/E period. This implies that structural changes in the market P/E ratio play an important role in explaining long-term stock returns. We propose that structural changes should be taken into account in some manner to establish the relationship between P/E ratios and long-term stock returns.
Territorialidade e formação do servidor no contexto da metrópole
Authors: Traub Andrea , Myszczuk Ana Paula
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os arranjos institucionais e atual cenário da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, assim como, analisar se uma Escola Metropolitana de Administração Pública seria capaz de oportunizar ao servidor uma formação adequada e com vistas a uma atuação integrada, com visão crítica e ampla acerca dos significados de uma política pública. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada é descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa. Sua fundamentação se deu por meio de estudo de caso e a fonte de coleta de dados, pela utilização de documentos. A Escola analisada é a mantida pelo Instituto Municipal de Administração Pública, autarquia da Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba, por meio do Programa de Integração e Compartilhamento de Conhecimento entre Servidores Municipais de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana. Os principais resultados demonstram que a atuação de uma Escola de Administração Pública é de extrema importância, dada a abrangência metropolitana e a necessidade de integração entre os municípios da região.
Perfil e comportamento do consumidor de bromélias: orientação a produção rural
Authors: Anacleto Adilson , Bornancin Anna Paula De Araujo
Published: May 2018

As bromélias no litoral do Paraná, tem a sua exploração comercial associada as comunidades socialmente vulneráveis, porém, pouco se sabe sobre os desejos dos consumidores, neste contexto, apresenta-se o resultado da avaliação sobre a influência do composto de marketing no comportamento do consumidor de bromélias, visando subsidiar o estabelecimento de ações no campo para o fortalecimento da cadeia produtiva. Para que os objetivos fossem alcançados, foi realizada pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, entre julho de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017, junto a 150 consumidores de bromélias. Identificou-se o gênero feminino como consumidor majoritário (n=80), que efetuavam em média 3,62 compras por ano, com tendência a elevação no consumo, a medida que avançavam a escolaridade e renda. O estudo mostrou ainda, que apesar do consumidor estar satisfeito com as bromélias como plantas ornamentais a expectativa não é atendida especialmente em relação ao preço classificado como elevado. Conclui-se que devem ser reavaliadas as formas de produção no campo, o número de espécies priorizando as mais desejadas pelos clientes. A orientação dos varejistas aos produtores pode criar um ambiente colaborativo, ampliando a eficiência da produção no campo, e dos níveis de satisfação do consumo, fortalecendo a cadeia produtiva de bromélias no litoral do Paraná.
Metrópoles latino-americanas: experiências e desafios
Authors: Gonçalo Rita De Cássia
Published: May 2018

Resenha aborda o processo de transição à urbanização nas cidades latino-americanas a partir dos anos 1950, com foco no crescimento econômico e na onda de neoliberalização entre os anos 1980-2010. A análise sobre o livro em questão descreve os desafios que essas metrópoles teriam para conjugar o crescimento econômico com elevados índices de cidadania, integração e inclusão social.
Futebol para quê? – Arenas da copa como uma estética pós-desenvolmentista
Authors: Leão André Luiz Maranhão de Souza , Ferreira Bruno Rafael Torres , Camargo Thiago Ianatoni , Moura Bruno Melo , Franco Suélen Matozo
Published: May 2018

A construção de novas arenas para a Copa do Mundo 2014 no Brasil suscitou inúmeros questionamentos, sobretudo em relação àquelas apontadas como potenciais “elefantes brancos”, como é o caso do Estádio Mané Garrincha (Brasília), da Arena Pantanal (Cuiabá) e da Arena da Amazônia (Manaus). Com base nisto, debruçamo-nos sobre a seguinte questão investigativa: Quais argumentos constituem os discursos acerca das arenas de Manaus, Cuiabá e Brasília? Para esta finalidade, acessamos três posições discursivas (oficial, da sociedade e da mídia), por meio de uma Análise de Discurso Foucaultiana de entrevistas e observação direta, realizadas in loco, bem como de dados documentais. Encontramos na concepção foucaultiana de estética da existência e na Teoria do Pós-desenvolvimento caminhos para a interpretação dos achados, que convergiram para uma formação discursiva que diz respeito a uma lógica de desenvolvimento que busca, antes de um crescimento em si, uma imagem de modernidade compatível com um parâmetro global.
Influência das incertezas nas contratações públicas por intermédio do pregão eletrônico
Authors: Padilha Angélica , Coimbra de Araújo Everton , Souza José Paulo de
Published: May 2018

Apesar das significativas mudanças trazidas pelo pregão eletrônico, estudos demonstram a recorrência de problemas com as contratações por intermédio da ferramenta, gerando incerteza e custos nas contratações públicas. Neste artigo o objetivo foi identificar as incertezas nas contratações públicas realizadas por intermédio do pregão eletrônico. Tomando como base a abordagem teórica da Economia dos Custos de Transação. A coleta de dados envolveu a pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo em uma Instituição Pública Federal do Paraná. A análise das informações obtidas foi realizada sob o enfoque da análise de conteúdo, complementada pela análise do discurso. A pesquisa evidenciou a presença da incerteza comportamental discutida pela teoria base apresentada. Essa incerteza é fruto da racionalidade limitada dos pregoeiros e requisitantes e do comportamento oportunista dos fornecedores. As evidências da pesquisa associadas à teoria base permitiram concluir que as contratações por intermédio do pregão eletrônico geram custos de transação ex-ante e ex-post para a instituição estudada. Assim, a revisão dos métodos utilizados na descrição dos produtos e serviços e capacitações podem significar caminhos para redução das incertezas do pregão eletrônico e obtenção de maior eficiência para a instituição analisada.
Modeling of maritime agitation for the design of maritime infraestructures: the case study of madeira archipelago
Authors: Gonçalves Roberto Silva , Camacho Rafael Freitas , Lousada Sérgio , Castanho Rui Alexandre
Published: May 2018

A modelação da agitação marítima constitui uma ferramenta importante no auxilio do dimensionamento de obras marítimas, bem como o Planeamento e Ordenamento do Espaço Marítimo (POEM). Tendo por base uma análise probabilística das alturas significativas, resultando na onda de projeto para o dimensionamento em questão, permite evitar situações de galgamento das estruturas e consequentemente, inundações de áreas urbanizadas. O clima marítimo ao longo da costa da Região Autónoma da Madeira apresenta condições ideais para um estudo desta natureza, sendo para isso fundamental efetuar uma análise das características oceanográficas e geotécnicas do Arquipélago da Madeira, retratando, o mais fiável possível, a condição dos Portos do Funchal, Caniçal, Porto Moniz e Porto Santo. Com recurso aos registos informáticos disponibilizados pelas identidades responsáveis foi possível efetuar um mapeamento da agitação marítima que ocorre em cada um dos locais alvo deste estudo. Ao longo do estudo e, apesar da inexistência de batimetria recente e boias ondógrafo com registos incompletos para uma caracterização completa, demarcou-se a importância de uma análise probabilística baseada em eventos com período de retorno de 100 anos por forma a dimensionar e planear corretamente uma infraestrutura que, à escala regional, torna-se indispensável para promover a qualidade de vida dos aglomerados urbanos.
A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hilaire) como substituto parcial do lúpulo amargor na fabricação de cerveja artesanal
Authors: Oliveira Mariana , Faber Carolina Rocha , Plata-Oviedo Manuel Salvador Vicente
Published: May 2018

A cerveja é uma bebida obtida da fermentação de um mosto de água, malte, lúpulo e adjuntos pela ação de leveduras do gênero Saccharomyces. Diversos são os fatores que influenciam as características finais de uma cerveja, dentre eles, a metodologia aplicada e principalmente os ingredientes utilizados, pois, cada ingrediente é responsável por características particulares da cerveja, como sabor, odor e corpo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a substituição parcial do lúpulo amargor por erva-mate na fabricação de cerveja artesanal. Foram elaboradas cinco formulações diferentes de cerveja, sendo uma isenta de substituição do lúpulo por erva-mate e outras quatro formulações, com respectivamente 0,5g; 1,0g; 2,0g e 3,0g de erva-mate. Foram realizadas análise de teor alcoólico (% v/v), pH, acidez (g de ácido láctico,% m/v), °Brix, extrato real (% m/v), extrato primitivo (%m/m) e grau real de fermentação. As cervejas elaboradas foram classificadas com base nas análises físico-químicas como Puro Malte, de alta fermentação, extra e com alto teor alcoólico.
Conservation systematics of the shield-backed trapdoor spiders of the nigrum-group (Mygalomorphae, Idiopidae, Idiosoma): integrative taxonomy reveals a diverse and threatened fauna from south-western Australia
Authors: Rix Michael G. , Huey Joel A. , Cooper Steven J.B. , Austin Andrew D. , Harvey Mark S.
Published: May 2018

The aganippine shield-backed trapdoor spiders of the monophyleticnigrum-group ofIdiosomaAusserers. l.are revised, and 15 new species are described from Western Australia and the Eyre Peninsula of South Australia:I.arenaceumRix & Harvey,sp. n.,I.corrugatumRix & Harvey,sp. n.,I.clypeatumRix & Harvey,sp. n.,I.dandaraganRix & Harvey,sp. n.,I.formosumRix & Harvey,sp. n.,I.gardneriRix & Harvey,sp. n.,I.gutharukaRix & Harvey,sp. n.,I.incomptumRix & Harvey,sp. n.,I.intermediumRix & Harvey,sp. n.,I.jarrahRix & Harvey,sp. n.,I.kopejtkaorumRix & Harvey,sp. n.,I.kwonganRix & Harvey,sp. n.,I.mcclementsorumRix & Harvey,sp. n.,I.mcnamaraiRix & Harvey,sp. n., andI.schoknechtorumRix & Harvey,sp. n.Two previously described species from south-western Western Australia,I.nigrumMain, 1952 andI.sigillatum(O. P.-Cambridge, 1870), are re-illustrated and re-diagnosed, and complementary molecular data for 14 species and seven genes are analysed with Bayesian methods. Members of thenigrum-group are of long-standing conservation significance, andI.nigrumis the only spider in Australia to be afforded threatened species status under both State and Commonwealth legislation. Two other species,I.formosumRix & Harvey,sp. n.andI.kopejtkaorumRix & Harvey,sp. n., are also formally listed as Endangered under Western Australian State legislation. Here we significantly relimitI.nigrumto include only those populations from the central and central-western Wheatbelt bioregion, and further document the known diversity and conservation status of all known species.
Reloger, mettre en attente et expulser les bidonvilles de Madrid : quand des politiques de résorption produisent de l’expulsion
Authors: Aguilera Thomas
Published: May 2018

Des politiques de résorption des bidonvilles sont mises en œuvre depuis le début des années 1960 à Madrid. Depuis 1999 notamment, des milliers de familles ont été relogées dans du logement public au centre de la capitale. Pourtant, plus de 10 000 personnes résidaient encore en bidonvilles en 2015. Cette persistance, loin d’être le résultat d’une faillite de politique publique, provient de la combinaison de plusieurs stratégies d’acteurs, à plusieurs niveaux de gouvernement, mettant en place diverses procédures. Parmi celles-ci, l’expulsion constitue le pilier autour duquel s’organise le relogement des familles et la gestion de l’ordre public. Mais l’expulsion peut prendre plusieurs visages, bien au-delà des interventions poli­cières ou des vagues d’expulsion à des fins économiques : on observe des évictions plus discrètes par la mise en œuvre d’instruments sélectifs de relogement. De plus, l’expulsion résulte aussi de l’inaction publique : des pans entiers de territoires sont mis à distance de l’agenda gouvernemental pour constituer des réserves d’habitat informel capables d’accueillir des familles expulsées par ailleurs et ainsi de réguler les effets des expulsions à l’échelle régionale. Par une analyse des relations entre les acteurs, de leurs stratégies et des instruments mobilisés, l’article identifie les processus produisant de l’expulsion et leurs effets sur les populations et les territoires. D’une part les politiques de résorption produisent de l’expulsion. D’autre part, les procédures d’expulsion, aussi diverses soient-elles, constituent la base de toute politique de relogement. Cette analyse des trois faces du gouvernement des bidonvilles – résorption, inaction, expulsion – permet d’expliquer leur persistance.
Expulser et menacer d’expulsion, les deux facettes d’un même gouvernement ? Les politiques de gestion de la migration irrégulière en France
Authors: Le Courant Stefan
Published: May 2018

L’incorporation des logiques d’évaluation au cœur de l’État a eu pour effet de transformer en profondeur les pratiques de contrôle de l’immigration irrégulière en France, entraînant une hausse importante du nombre des interpellations et un recours plus systématique à l’enfermement. Dans le même temps, les expulsions n’ont pas significativement augmenté. Les étrangers en situation irrégulière ne sont plus expulsables par définition, ils sont désormais menacés d’expulsion. Plutôt que d’envisager l’incapacité à expulser comme un échec, cet article appréhende expulsion et menace d’expulsion comme les deux formes complémentaires d’une même gestion des flux migratoires. L’expulsion de quelques-uns s’accompagne d’un confinement de tous les autres au sein du territoire national. De part et d’autre de la frontière, il s’agit alors de contenir les « indésirables », d’entraver et de ralentir leurs déplacements.
Une agence au service d'une stratégie ministérielle
Authors: Ansaloni Matthieu , Smith Andy
Published: May 2018

Résumé À partir de l'exemple de la décision de suspension de médicaments antidiabétiques, cet article pose la question de la capacité d'action autonome des agences de réglementation vis-à-vis de leur autorité ministérielle. Il montre que cette décision, prononcée formellement par l'Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé (AFSSAPS), fut imposée, dans les faits, par le ministre de la Santé et ses conseillers. Faire cette démonstration conduit à apporter un démenti au lieu commun académique selon lequel l'« agencification » est au fondement d'un « État fort ». L'article fait apparaître les conditions structurales au sein desquelles se sont déployées les stratégies de divers agents qui ont suscité l'intervention ministérielle. Au-delà, il pose quelques jalons pour saisir sociologiquement la façon dont les moments critiques favorisent une concordance de logiques d'action de fractions appartenant à des champs distincts, établissant un rapport de force dominant.
Dire-vrai, aveu et discipline : Michel Foucault et les techniques de vérité
Authors: Lamy Jérôme
Published: May 2018

Conçues comme un instrument de soi, les techniques sont, pour Foucault, au fondement de la constitution occidentale du sujet. L’article distingue trois étapes dans la pensée technicienne de Foucault. Dans l’Antiquité, les techniques de soi sont identifiées comme des instruments de médiation permettant d’approcher la meilleure conduite. Avec la chrétienté et l’émergence des techniques de l’aveu, elles font désormais partie du travail dogmatique. Enfin, les techniques disciplinaires, qui prennent corps dans les structures religieuses, deviennent des relais politiques pour interroger la vérité des corps.
L’Hospitalité : éthique ou politique ?
Authors: Bourcier Benjamin
Published: May 2018

Cette revue critique présente et discute quatre livres récents portant sur la crise migratoire en Europe. Suivant une approche éthique ou politique, le texte explique les arguments et analyses des auteurs conduisant à repenser le concept d’hospitalité et à suggérer des propositions pratiques.
Effect of probiotic lozenges containing Lactobacillus reuteri on oral wound healing: a pilot study
Authors: Twetman S. , Keller M.K. , Lee L. , Yucel-Lindberg T. , Pedersen A.M. Lynge
Published: May 2018

It has been suggested that beneficial bacteria may stimulate wound healing. The aim was to investigate the effect of topical applications of probiotic lactobacilli on the healing of standardised oral wounds. This pilot study employed a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over design. Standardised biopsies were punched in the oral mucosa of 10 healthy volunteers, with and without exposure to two strains of Lactobacilli reuteri administrated as lozenges and topical oil. The healing was scored clinically after 2, 5 and 8 days. The amount of exudate was quantified through filter papers and the levels of selected cytokines and chemokines were determined with multiplex immunoassays. Saliva samples were collected before the biopsy and after healing for determination of oxytocin with ELISA. Subjectively perceived pain and discomfort was reported through a daily logbook. There was a clear tendency of improved healing in test group at the 2-and 5-day check-ups but the difference compared with the placebo intervention was not statistically significant (P=0.08). Higher but non-significant expressions of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily ligand members 13 (APRIL) and 13B (BAFF), as well as the chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8), were displayed in wound exudates from the probiotic group as compared with placebo, particularly after 5 and 8 days. The salivary levels of oxytocin were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the placebo group at the 8-day follow-up. The mean number of days with pain and/or discomfort after the biopsies was similar in both groups. No side-effects were reported. The findings of this pilot study justify a larger clinical trial to elucidate the possible role of probiotic supplements on oral wound healing.
Aflatoxin exposure assessed by aflatoxin albumin adduct biomarker in populations from six African countries
Authors: Xu Y. , Gong Y.Y. , Routledge M.N.
Published: May 2018

Aflatoxins are a group of carcinogenic mycotoxins that have been implicated to have other adverse health impacts, including child growth impairment and immune function suppression. Aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic and most common of the aflatoxins. Contamination of various food crops is common in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in staple crops such as maize and groundnuts, leading to chronic dietary exposure in many populations. For many years we have used the aflatoxin albumin adduct as a biomarker of aflatoxin exposure, assessed using a competitive inhibition enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Here, we review our recent studies of human exposure in six African countries; Gambia, Guinea, Kenya, Senegal, Tanzania and Uganda. This data shows the widespread exposure of vulnerable populations to aflatoxin. Geometric mean (95% confidence interval) levels of the biomarker ranged from 9.7 pg/mg (8.2, 11.5) in Ugandan children to 578.5 pg/mg (461.4, 717.6) in Kenyan adolescents during an acute aflatoxicosis outbreak year. We describe how various factors may have influenced the variation in aflatoxin exposure in our studies. Together, these studies highlight the urgent need for measures to reduce the burden of aflatoxin exposure in sub-Saharan Africa.
Clustering the mediators between the sales control systems and the sales performance using the AMO model: A narrative systematic literature review
Authors: Benet-Zepf Alejandro , Marin-Garcia Juan A. , Küster Ines
Published: May 2018

Purpose: To identify all types of sales force control systems in the academic literature, and to cluster the mediators between these controls and the performances, according to the AMO model (abilities, motivations, and opportunities), analysing how each of these three groups of mediators are influenced by control systems, and how they impact on the sales performance, using a systematic literature review]Design/methodology/approach: Scientific papers published during the last 32 years, using as databases: Business Source Premier (EBSCO), Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Business, Management and Social Sciences were taken as selection fields. False positives identification, exclusions after reading the abstracts, and after reading the whole article, was performed by the authors by consensus. 114 articles of the initial selection of non-repeated references, together with 28 additional citations integrated the final selection.Findings: A new framework based on a grouping of mediators between the control systems and the performances, into abilities, motivations and capabilities is proposed. Originality/value: As academic result, the review highlights that all three groups from the AMO model evidence positive impacts on sales performance when a behavioral control system (mostly from the capability part) is in use, by enhancing salesperson’s skills, motivation, and organizational conditions and support, fostering as a result, a salesperson relational approach and a customer orientation, which generate the best outcomes in the long term. These findings suggest as a managerial contribution, that coaching and leading -rather than commanding- to be a more appropriate control attitude, especially when the salesperson is younger or unexperienced.
La estructura de sucesión en el libro III de los Fastos: de Rómulo a Numa como prototipo de Augusto
Authors: Martínez Astorino Pablo
Published: May 2018

En los Fastos la imagen de Rómulo resulta insuficiente para aludir a Augusto porque el Augusto contemporáneo de Ovidio ya no obedece al prototipo romúleo de nuevo fundador de la ciudad y se asemeja, en cambio, a Numa, rey consagrado a la paz, a los ritos y al conocimiento de los astros. Esta circunstancia se dramatiza especialmente en lI 119- 144 y en I 27-44 y III 73-166. No obstante, el libro III es el lugar de la obra en el que más se enfatiza esa dramatización, ya que poco menos de la mitad del libro (la primera mitad) está dedicada sucesivamente a Rómulo y a Numa. En este trabajo se estudia cómo influye la estructura de sucesión en la construcción del personaje de Augusto, con conclusiones sobre la construcción poética ovidiana de la historia: Ovidio presenta su interpretación del Augusto posterior a Accio, que resulta más bien un artificio poético.
Les technologies numériques de l’information et de la communication au service d’une agriculture durable ?
Authors: Dondeyne Christèle
Published: May 2018

L’agriculture durable renvoie en réalité à des pratiques diverses. Les usages gestionnaires et commerciaux des TNIC se sont banalisés chez les agriculteurs, au même titre que dans d’autres secteurs d’activité. L’examen des usages strictement productifs des TNIC – élevage, semences – sont plus rares et peuvent être en partie apparentés à une agriculture conventionnelle raisonnée. L’utilisation d’un GPS peut conduire à la réduction des engrais utilisés et à une plus grande précision dans les semences. Mais les TNIC sont plus souvent associées à des opérations d’automatisation de l’alimentation en élevage et de rationalisation des procédures de traite. Les usages en agriculture biologique sont plus limités.
Les sites Internet des collectivités territoriales
Authors: Huron David , Spieth Grégory
Published: May 2018

Cet article s’interroge sur la nature de l’information transmise sur le site Internet des collectivités territoriales françaises sur la politique de tri sélectif et leur traduction en termes de communication. Il s’agira entre autres de préciser le rôle du site Internet municipal dans la relation aux usagers en s’appuyant sur des travaux consacrés aux différentes approches théoriques de l’administration électronique. Pour illustrer le propos, une étude fondée sur des entretiens a été effectuée au sein des services de communication de quelques collectivités françaises de plus de 50 000 habitants.
Double-Coated Hard Carbon as an Anode Material for High C-Rate Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Yu Shiang , Lyu Pei Rong
Published: May 2018

Technical developments of anode materials for lithium ion batteries have mainly focused on graphite (natural graphite, artificial graphite, and MCMB). Anode materials such as hard carbon, soft carbon, LTO, and Si-C are still under development. Hard carbon is produced by subjecting a polymer to thermal decomposition and carbonization, yielding nongraphitizable carbon. It exhibits structural stability, safety, and excellent performance at low temperature; moreover, batteries made of hard carbon have a long charge/discharge cycle life. Therefore, hard carbon is suitable for use in Li–ion batteries for electric cars that emphasize output power. This study developed a hard carbon anode by using phenolic resins that were ground to powders with a particle size (D50) of approximately 8 μm. Subsequently, the powders were heat treated at temperatures from 900°C to 1300°C for carbonization to reduce the specific surface area (SSA) of hard carbon. However, the SSA was determined to be still larger than that stipulated in commercial specifications. Therefore, this study coated the hard carbon with 1.5 wt.% poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) and 1.5 wt.% poly (sodium-p-styrenesulfonate) to further reduce its SSA. The results indicated that 1st discharge capacity of the coated hard carbon was 330 mAhg−1. Its 1st irreversibility was reduced from 24.3% to 8.1% and SSA was reduced from 10.2 to 2.8 m2g−1; additionally, its coulombic efficiency after 20 cycles was over 99%. The cycle performance of the double-coated hard carbon at low temperature (-20°C) was improved, and it satisfies high C-rate (10 C) requirements.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Ultrathin Perfluoropolyether Lubricant Depletion under Moving Laser Heating
Authors: Lei An Qi , Li Bei , Tang Da , Huang Shang Yu , Liu Wei , Zha Chao
Published: May 2018

In this work, molecular dynamics simulations of nanostructured perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricants were performed to investigate the depletion instability under rapid scanning laser heating. A modified coarse-gained model was utilized to represent the random copolymer structures of PFPEs. In the simulation, only a partial lubricant near the substrate was irradiated by the laser beam to mimic the nano-scale heat transfer from disk to lubricant. During the laser heating, the surface morphological changes of the PFPE lubricant indicated that the lubricant beads initially raise up and diffuse due to thermal expansion, and then evaporate and form circular ridges around the laser beam center, leading to aggravated depletion. Moreover, the lubricant decomposition was subtle and regarded as negligible; while the raised ridges around the depletion area signified that the non-equilibrium thermo-capillary stress plays an important role in lubricant depletion. The surface temperature contour profiles of the lubricant were evaluated as well. It was showed that the increased temperature is centered around the laser beam and quickly decays toward the ambient temperature, forming non-concentric oval shape distributions and ultrahigh lateral thermal gradients. In addition, the maximum temperature (up to 990 K) was also examined and it is consistent with the ones required by HAMR systems to achieve areal densities beyond 1 Tb/in2.
Heat-Activated Persulfate by Fe-Based Metallic Glass: A Comparative Study of Two Dyes
Authors: Liang Shun Xing , Wang Jin Cheng , Zhang Lai Chang
Published: May 2018

In this work, the heat-activated persulfate (PS) in the presence of Fe78Si9B13 metallic glasses (MGs) shows an extremely difference in degradation of azo dye and triarylmethane dye, where Fe78Si9B13 MGs exhibits a superior activation ability for PS with assistance of heat leading to the fast removal of two dyes. The structural features of Fe78Si9B13 MGs are firstly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), following analysis of surface topography by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that with the addition of Fe78Si9B13 MGs, the recalcitrant azo dye is completely removed within 5 min while only 6% of removal rate can be achieved without adding MGs, indicating that the refractory azo dye can be easily degraded by sulfate radical (SO4•–) from heat/MGs/PS. On the other hand, no big variation occurs between PS and MGs/PS under heat activation in degrading triarylmethane dye. Sole PS activated by heat results in a fast removal rate, indicating that triarylmethane dye can be easily degraded by PS itself compared to azo dye. The findings in this work present an in-depth understanding of heat/MGs/PS system in dyes degradation.
Study on High Temperature Properties of CuCrAg Alloy
Authors: Li Zong Wu , Xie Hao Feng , Huang Guo Jie , Feng Xue , Peng Li Jun , Yang Zhen , Mi Xu Jun , Yin Xiang Qian
Published: May 2018

In this paper, nominal composition of Cu-0.3Cr-0.07Ag (at%) was designed. The high temperature properties and microstructure were investigated by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the tensile strength of CuCrAg decreases as temperature rises, which was associated with the coarsen precipitates according to TEM observation. Furthermore, observations of fracture morphology reveal that the mechanism transforms into brittle fracture from ductile fracture at elevated temperature. Creep curves were found to vary as a function of applied stress and temperature, the stress exponent values are 8.7, 4.6, 4.3 at 673K, 773K, 873K respectively. The mechanism is dislocation climbing at 773K and 873K while creep behavior at 673K could be explained by the invariant substructure model.
Effect of Reheating and Deformation Processes on DWTT Performance for Heavy Gauge Pipeline Steel
Authors: Zhang Chuan Guo , Zhai Qi Jie , Zheng Lei
Published: May 2018

DWTT (Drop weigh tear test) is an effective way to evaluate the fracture propagation for pipeline steel. The effects of slab reheating temperature, soaking time, single pass reduction ratio during recrystallization zone rolling and transfer bar ratio during non-recrystallization zone rolling on DWTT performance were studied for heavy gauge pipeline steel. And the grain refinement and toughening mechanism were discussed. It was found that the grain in the core of the plate can be refined by reducing the reheating temperature, increasing the single pass reduction ratio during recrystallization zone rolling and setting suitable transfer bar ratio during non-recrystallization zone rolling, which promote the DWTT property improvement for heavy gauge pipeline steel. The 30.9mm heavy gauge pipeline steel plate was industrial produced and the X70 UOE welded pipe with dimension in Φ1219×30.9mm was manufactured. The DWTT 85%FATT (fracture appearance transition temperature) of pipe body is as low as -20°C.
Sulfide Minerals Bio-Oxidation of a Low-Grade Refractory Gold Ore
Authors: Wu Zeng Ling
Published: May 2018

This paper describes the oxidative dissolution kinetics of sulfides with gold occlusion within pyrite and arsenopyrite. Shake flasks tests and column leaching of a low grade gold ore from China were carried out with domesticated mixed acidophiles isolated from acid mine drainage. Both test show that the main factors accelerating sulfide oxidation was mainly temperature and redox potential. Column bio-oxidation of mineral with a particle size less than 10 mm at 60°C resulted in higher mineral decomposition, finer fractions and eventually higher sulfide oxidation than that at 30°C. Sulfide-S dissolution increased from 58% to 77% from 30°C to 60°C after 247 ds of bio-oxidation. Further investigation into microbial community attached to the ore surface and in the leachate during the bio-oxidation was done by Real-time PCR assays. Organism of genera Acidithiobacillus was the most dominant species in both leachate and ore surface at lower temperature. For the Archaea, the iron oxidizing microbial Ferroplasma showed its predominance of 60°C. Mineral dissolution kinetics and microbial community in bio-oxidation was lucubrated in this work and suggestions were provided for pre-treatment of refractory gold ore.
Homogenization Treatment to Optimize the Microstructures of the Al-3.5Cu-1.5Li Alloy and Analysis of Al3Zr Precipitates
Authors: Xu Jin Jun , Jiang Mang
Published: May 2018

The microstructure evolution and composition distribution of the cast Al-3.5Cu-1.5Li-0.11Zr alloy during single-step and double-step homogenization were studied with the help of the optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The results show that severe dendrite segregation exists in the experimental alloy. Six different homogenization treatments, conventional one-stage homogenization and double-stage homogenization are carried out, and the best homogenization treatment of the experimental alloys was achieved. Moreover, the precipitation of Al3Zr particles was significantly different after two kinds of homogenization in the experimental alloy. Compared with the single-stage homogenization, a finer particle size and distribution more diffuse of Al3Zr particles can be obtained in the double-stage homogenization treatment.
NH3-SCR Performance and Applicability of Mn-Based Spinels over TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Fang De , He Feng , Liu Xiao Qing , Xie Jun Lin
Published: May 2018

A series of Mn-based spinels over TiO2 catalysts have been prepared with the impregnation method. Catalysts were comprehensively characterized using XRD, FESEM, H2-TPR, and the activity evaluation of NH3-SCR, while long-time stability tests and the effect of H2O on NH3-SCR were also investigated. Meanwhile, K poisoning effect was studied by preparing K-doped catalysts (K-Mn/TiO2, K-Cu-Mn/TiO2, K-Mg-Mn/TiO2 and K-Co-Mn/TiO2). According to the characterizations, Cu-Mn/TiO2, Mg-Mn/TiO2 and Co-Mn/TiO2 catalysts exhibited superior low-temperature SCR activity, stability, K resistance and H2O resistance due to the formation of spinels (MgMn2O4, CoMn2O4, CuMn2O4).
Intrinsic Kinetics Study of CO Methanation on Ni-Mo-SiO2 Catalyst Prepared by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Zhang Jia Ying
Published: May 2018

A comprehensive kinetic model for methanation of syngas on Ni-Mo-SiO2catalyst was developed on a fixed bed reactor data. The CO and H2conversion, methane selectivity and yield were obtained in a wide range of operating conditions including 300 < T < 450°C, 1 < H2/CO <4 and 0.1 < P < 1.5 MPa with the total weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 60000 ml/h/g. A 6-step reaction scheme defined to the description of a reaction network that considers both catalytic and gas-phase as well as primary and consecutive reaction steps to predict the performance of the syngas methantion. Orthogonal design method was adopted to select test points with temperature, pressure and feed compositions as factors and the kinetic rates involved Langmuir – Hinshelwood equation kinetic model. The kinetic rate parameters were estimated using the Least Square Method by MATLAB. Comparing the experimental and model predicted data showed that presented model has a reasonable fit between the experimental data and the predicted values with average absolute relative deviation of ±9.8%.
Dielectric Properties of A, B-Site Mn-Doped LaTiO3+δ
Authors: Chen Yan , Yan Qi Qi , Cui Yi Min
Published: May 2018

A-site Mn-doped La1-xMnxTiO3+δand B-site doped LaMnxTi1-xO3+δ(x = 0.1, 0.2) composites were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method. The low-frequency complex dielectric properties of the composites were investigated as functions of temperature (77 K ≤ T ≤ 360 K) and frequency (100 Hz ≤ f ≤ 1 MHz), respectively. The dielectric constants of A-site doped samples are higher than that of B-site doped samples. The loss tangents of the low doped samples are much less than that of the high doped samples. The A-site doped composites exhibit intrinsic dielectric response with a dielectric constant of ~40 in the temperature below 250 K. Interestingly, the dielectric constants of B-site doped composites always increased in the temperature range from 77 to 360 K. And it is clearly observed that extraordinarily low dielectric loss tangents appear in LaMn0.1Ti0.9O3+δ, which are much lower than that of LaMn0.2Ti0.8O3+δ. These changes indicate that the doped content can affect the intrinsic dielectric characteristics significantly.
Small Molecule Mimetics of α-Helical Domain of IRAK2 Attenuate the Proinflammatory Effects of IL-33 in Asthma-like Mouse Models
Authors: Li Jinghong , Saruta Kunio , Dumouchel Justin P. , Magat Jenna M. , Thomas Joanna L. , Ajami Dariush , Rebek Mitra , Rebek Julius , Bigby Timothy D.
Published: May 2018

IL-33 and its receptor ST2 play important roles in airway inflammation and contribute to asthma onset and exacerbation. The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway recruits adapter protein myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) to transduce intracellular signaling. MyD88 forms a complex with IL-R–associated kinases (IRAKs), IRAK4 and IRAK2, called the Myddosome (MyD88–IRAK4–IRAK2). The myddosome subsequently activates downstream NF-κB and MAPKs p38 and JNK. We established an asthma-like mouse model by intratracheal administration of IL-33. The IL-33 model has a very similar phenotype compared with the OVA-induced mouse asthma model. The importance of MyD88 in the IL-33/ST2 signaling transduction was demonstrated by the MyD88 knockout mice, which were protected from the IL-33–induced asthma. We synthesized small molecule mimetics of the α-helical domain of IRAK2 with drug-like characteristics based on the recent advances in the designing of α-helix compounds. The mimetics can competitively interfere in the protein–protein interaction between IRAK2 and IRAK4, leading to disruption of Myddosome formation. A series of small molecules were screened using an NF-κB promoter assay in vitro. The lead compound, 7004, was further studied in the IL-33–induced and OVA-induced asthma mouse models in vivo. Compound 7004 can inhibit the IL-33–induced NF-κB activity, disrupt Myddosome formation, and attenuate the proinflammatory effects in asthma-like models. Our data indicate that the Myddosome may represent a novel intracellular therapeutic target for diseases in which IL-33/ST2 plays important roles, such as asthma and other inflammatory diseases.
Regulation of the DNA Repair Complex during Somatic Hypermutation and Class-Switch Recombination
Authors: Kumar Anjani , Priya Anshu , Ahmed Tanzeel , Grundström Christine , Negi Neema , Grundström Thomas
Published: May 2018

B lymphocytes optimize Ab responses by somatic hypermutation (SH), which introduces point mutations in the variable regions of the Ab genes and by class-switch recombination (CSR), which changes the expressed C region exon of the IgH. These Ab diversification processes are initiated by the deaminating enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase followed by many DNA repair enzymes, ultimately leading to deletions and a high mutation rate in the Ab genes, whereas DNA lesions made by activation-induced cytidine deaminase are repaired with low error rate on most other genes. This indicates an advanced regulation of DNA repair. In this study, we show that initiation of Ab diversification in B lymphocytes of mouse spleen leads to formation of a complex between many proteins in DNA repair. We show also that BCR activation, which signals the end of successful SH, reduces interactions between some proteins in the complex and increases other interactions in the complex with varying kinetics. Furthermore, we show increased localization of SH- and CSR-coupled proteins on switch regions of the Igh locus upon initiation of SH/CSR and differential changes in the localization upon BCR signaling, which terminates SH. These findings provide early evidence for a DNA repair complex or complexes that may be of functional significance for carrying out essential roles in SH and/or CSR in B cells.
Identification of Cellular Sources of IL-2 Needed for Regulatory T Cell Development and Homeostasis
Authors: Owen David L. , Mahmud Shawn A. , Vang Kieng B. , Kelly Ryan M. , Blazar Bruce R. , Smith Kendall A. , Farrar Michael A.
Published: May 2018

The cytokine IL-2 is critical for promoting the development, homeostasis, and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells. The cellular sources of IL-2 that promote these processes remain unclear. T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) are known to make IL-2 in peripheral tissues. We found that T cells and DCs in the thymus also make IL-2. To identify cellular sources of IL-2 in Treg cell development and homeostasis, we used Il2FL/FL mice to selectively delete Il2 in T cells, B cells, and DCs. Because IL-15 can partially substitute for IL-2 in Treg cell development, we carried out the majority of these studies on an Il15−/− background. Deletion of Il2 in B cells, DCs, or both these subsets had no effect on Treg cell development, either in wild-type (WT) or Il15−/− mice. Deletion of Il2 in T cells had minimal effects in WT mice but virtually eliminated developing Treg cells in Il15−/− mice. In the spleen and most peripheral lymphoid organs, deletion of Il2 in B cells, DCs, or both subsets had no effect on Treg cell homeostasis. In contrast, deletion of Il2 in T cells led to a significant decrease in Treg cells in either WT or Il15−/− mice. The one exception was the mesenteric lymph nodes where significantly fewer Treg cells were observed when Il2 was deleted in both T cells and DCs. Thus, T cells are the sole source of IL-2 needed for Treg cell development, but DCs can contribute to Treg cell homeostasis in select organs.