bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FINANCIAL LITERACY AMONG HOUSEWIVES TO MANAGE CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AFTER PANDEMIC COVID-19
Authors: Harisanty Dessy , Srirahayu Dyah Puspitasari , Anugrah Esti Putri , Nurpratama Muhammad Rifky
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has now been running for about 3 years, many community activities are spent at home, bringing new habit patterns for them. One of them is shopping online, since the time of the pandemic people are very accustomed to online shopping patterns. The solution to be able to provide advice on the consumption patterns of consumptive citizens is the introduction of financial literacy, especially through education programs and training on saving habits. This study aims to describe the financial literacy of housewives so that consumer activities can be controlled. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive, the location of this research is at Plandaan Village, Kedungwaru District, Tulungagung Regency. To determine the sample using a non-random sampling technique that is purposive sampling. The total respondents in this study were 50 housewives. Result of this study shows that housewives have a good general knowledge of personal finance, and have sufficient Savings, Loans, and Investments.  Many housewives have funds for emergency needs, so they don't experience confusion when something sudden happens.
Entre o tabu e a informação
Authors: Brito Carla Pessoa , Felix Vanessa da Silva Lima , Soares Nicole Bezerra , Ruffo Thiago Leite de Melo
Published: February 2025

This work aimed to analyse the experiences arising from the lack or presence of Sexual Education among Biological Sciences Degree students from the Federal Institute of Paraíba, Cabedelo, Brazil, throughout their lives. This is survey research that draws on a qualitative-quantitative approach. An online questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument, which was applied between March and September 2023 to a sample of 32 students. The results revealed that the majority of those surveyed received little information about Sexual Education during their childhood and adolescence. Regarding the benefits of having received some extent of Sexual Education, the students highlighted the prevention of health risks, the possibility of self-knowledge and the ability to identify situations of sexual harassment and/or abuse. Regarding the harm arising from the lack of Sexual Education, the following stood out: difficulty in identifying/ dealing with harassment situations and difficulty/ embarrassment talking about topics related to sexuality. Given the results presented, it is concluded that Sexual Education is essential to ensure that future Biology teachers can play their role as educators completely and effectively, contributing to the health, well-being and integral development of students, as well as the schooling of well-informed and critical citizens.
Preservation of Medicinal Plants of The Shipibo-Konibo Culture in Primary School Students
Authors: Rango Beldith Rengifo , Vilcanqui Beker Maraza , Choque Gladys Martha Flores , Quispe Jesús Ttito , Ignacio Manuel Calle , Suarez Raúl Tello
Published: February 2025

Objective: The purpose of the research is to determine the preservation of knowledge about medicinal plants of the Shipibo-Konibo culture in students of the 4th cycle of the Educational Institution No. 64872 B. Nuevo Paraíso of the Masisea district-2021
 
Theoretical Framework: The topics addressed are explained on the variable medicinal plants with a theoretical basis resulting from scientific research, taken from reliable sources published in impact journals and measurable results.
 
Method: The study belongs to the quantitative approach, descriptive type and simple descriptive design. The population is made up of 160 students, from which a sample of 50 students was taken between third and fourth grade, to collect the information the survey technique and its instrument the survey form were applied to collect information on the knowledge of medicinal plants of the Shipibo Konibo culture.
 
Results and Discussion: The results show that children maintain their knowledge of medicinal plants and there is a tendency to lose their use and knowledge of medicinal plants of the Shipibo Konibo culture.
 
Implications of the research: Despite the existence of conventional medicine, the use of medicinal plants in the jungle is current, and their healing properties must be investigated in depth.
 
Originality/Value: The importance of the research stands out fundamentally because the ancestral knowledge of medicinal plants is relevant and is an alternative and raw material for research in the field of medicine.
Selection of Materials in The Oxidation Process Caused By Vapors From the Granulation of Metal Slag From the Blast Furnace
Authors: Almeida Júnior Márcio Mendes de , Silveira Dalila Moreira da , Fabiano Demian Patrick , Nucci Edson Romano
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the mechanical behavior and corrosion resistance of coated and uncoated steels, aiming at a longer use of the equipment and metal structures of a blast furnace exposed to specific corrosive environments.
 
Theoretical Framework: The slag cooling process generates many gases and vapors with various chemical components that contribute to equipment corrosion. Identifying these corrosive agents is important for preventing corrosion and extending the useful life of industrial assets.
 
Method: The work was developed with a selection of steels by applicability and by resistance to oxidation and temperature, the test specimens in triplicate were placed in two locations, the dry pit, and the silo, over 35 days with mapping of the environment, calculation of mass loss and x-ray diffraction.
 
Results and Discussion: The results demonstrate the behavior of the specimens and the corrosion rates over time. The agents iron oxides (Fe2O3) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) had a greater mass loss in ASTM A-36 steel, with a value of 9.1446±3.6503 mm/year in the dry pit. The AISI 310S steel had the lowest mass loss, with a value of 0.0014±0.0004 mm/year in the silo.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature in understanding the corrosive process of slag granulations from a blast furnace. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by the gain in knowledge of the oxidation mechanisms of the medium, enabling the use of materials and control methods.
National System of Education and Challenges of the Field Education Two Decades After Its Institution as a Modality
Authors: Silva Claudio Rodrigues da , Moraes Agnes Iara Domingos , Torres Julio Cesar
Published: February 2025

Objective: To establish interrelations between the current context of the school education offered to the countryside people in Brazil - the Education of the Countryside - and aspects of the inconclusive process of consolidation of the National Education System.
 
Theoretical Reference: Contributions are adopted by authors who analyze the issue of Rural Education from counter-hegemonic perspectives and establish interrelations with political, economic and cultural aspects, in local, regional, national and/or transnational contexts.
 
Method: It is a bibliographical and documentary study, based on academic productions representative in the debate of the area and federal documents related to the Education of the Field.
 
Results and Discussion: Starting from an analysis of the historical process of national education, it is concluded that the educational policies implemented in the present day by different federated entities undermine the right to education of the peoples of the countryside and make unfeasible the process of building an effective and democratic National Education System, after more than two decades of the institution of the Education of the Countryside as a modality of school education, a fact that negatively affects or makes unfeasible the effectiveness of the right to contextualized education for the schools of the countryside, as determined by federal legislation.
 
Research Implications: This study aims to contribute to discussions about Field Education, a pressing and current theme, which demands more research in order to provide data to broaden its understanding, both from the perspective of past and present time.
Method for diagnosing anastomotic failure in the initial sections of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Koryttsev V. K. , Antropov I. V. , Krasnoslobodtsev A. M. , Skupchenko S. S. , Katkov S. S.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the diagnosis of the anastomotic failure of the initial sections of the gastrointestinal tract. A diagnostic method is proposed that allows to objectively determine the presence of components of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract outside its lumen.
"I know more about what we can’t do than what we can": Division I Women’s Sports Athletes' Perceptions of Name, Image, and Likeness
Authors: Jimerson Jalyn , Jones Courtney , Lukens Quinn , Miller Marina , Stokowski Sarah , Godfrey Michael , Bopp Trevor , Corr Chris
Published: February 2025

This study investigated women’s sport athletes’ perceptions of their ability to profit off name, image, and likeness (NIL) as current participants in collegiate athletics. Researchers conducted comprehensive semi-structured interviews with eight women’s sport athletes representing four NCAA Division I member institutions. Participants explained how institutionally organized programmatic educational initiatives primarily codified impermissible forms of NIL compensation while often omitting information about permissible NIL opportunities. Furthermore, participants considered themselves minimally involved in the NIL space, feeling on the low to average side of NIL engagement compared to their athlete-peers competing in men’s sports. The findings of this study are informative for scholars, practitioners, and college athletes alike as they consider the systemic differences in institutional support and resource allocation for women’s sport athletes pursuing NIL compensation.
LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF REGIONAL HEAD ELECTIONS WITH A SOLE CANDIDATE: A PERSPECTIVE OF STATE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Authors: Arifin Firdaus
Published: February 2025

The phenomenon of sole-candidate regional head elections in Indonesia has posed several challenges to democratic principles, particularly with regard to legitimacy, accountability, and public participation. This research aims to analyze the legal implications of regional head elections with sole candidates from the perspective of Administrative Law and evaluate their impact on democracy. The method used in this study is normative legal research, employing a legal and conceptual approach that includes a detailed analysis of election regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant literature studies. This method provides a robust framework for understanding the interplay between regulatory frameworks and democratic principles. The research findings indicate that elections with a sole candidate have the potential to undermine the legitimacy of the elected leader, reduce political accountability, and decrease voter participation rates. As a result, there is an urgent need to reform the electoral regulatory framework in Indonesia. Key recommendations include lowering the nomination threshold to foster competition, increasing transparency in the nomination process to ensure fairness, and strengthening political education to encourage public participation. These steps aim to enhance the quality of democracy and prevent the recurrence of sole-candidate elections in the future.
Using linguistic analysis to go below the surface in trademark disputes
Authors: Poplack Shana
Published: February 2025

The notions of same or different are ubiquitous in trademark disputes. At issue is the likelihood of confusion between marks in the mind of the “average consumer.” The test for confusion rests on establishing their degree of resemblance in terms of “sound, appearance and ideas suggested.” Evidence adduced by forensic linguists typically centers on whether the marks contain the same word, share the same sounds, letters, and dictionary meaning, or share the same number of phones, phonemes, or syllables. But since the features appealed to are typically surface-level, and thus ostensibly also available to the layperson, the judge may decide that expert assistance is superfluous. I argue that reliance on such features to the exclusion of underlying linguistic structure may lead to misleading results. Drawing on various linguistic processes, I present several Canadian trademark cases in which I served as expert witness to demonstrate that different words (or collocations thereof) may in fact be instantiations of the same structure, while superficially like ones may be involved in entirely different constructions. The results of these analyses make a strong case for going beneath the surface in determining questions of same or different.
El efecto de los factores psicosociales laborales sobre el estrés y bienestar de trabajadores de restaurantes y bares de México
Authors: Saldaña Orozco Claudia , Gutiérrez-Carvajal Oscar Iván , Polo-Vargas Jean David , Ibarra Rentería Guadalupe Montserrat , Franco Leidy Alejandra
Published: February 2025

Los estudios sobre los trabajadores de restaurantes, bares y discotecas son limitados y poco se conoce sobre los factores psicosociales laborales relacionados con el estrés laboral y el bienestar psicológico de estos trabajadores. El propósito de este estudio fue examinar las relaciones entre factores psicosociales laborales, estrés laboral y bienestar psicológico; mediante un diseño de investigación de corte transversal y correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 167 trabajadores (51.9% mujeres y 48.1% hombres) de restaurantes, bares y discotecas de Jalisco, México. Se evaluaron los factores psicosociales laborales empleando la versión revisada por Almirall Hernández et al. (2018) de la escala de factores de riesgo psicosociales de la Norma (NOM-035), el bienestar psicológico con la escala de Ryff (1989) y el estrés laboral con la adaptación al español realizada por Medina et al. (2007) del cuestionario de estrés laboral de la Organización internacional del Trabajo [OIT]. Los resultados mostraron el liderazgo, la claridad de funciones, la jornada de trabajo, la interferencia en la relación trabajo-familia y la violencia en el trabajo, tienen efectos sobre el estrés laboral; mientras que la violencia en el trabajo tiene efectos en el bienestar psicológico. Se discute la necesidad de crear estrategias para mitigar factores psicosociales que ponen en riesgo la salud mental de los trabajadores.
THE EFFECT OF DUOLINGO ON STUDENT’S VOCABULARY MASTERY
Authors: Andini Jihan , Salmiah Maryati
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of using Duolingo to enhance vocabulary acquisition among eighth-grade students at Taman Pendidikan Islam Junior High School in Medan. Ineffective teaching methods are the root cause of the issue of inadequate vocabulary mastering. The study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design, encompassing all pupils in the eighth grade. Both a pretest and a posttest were administered before and after a two-week period of using Duolingo in order to assess the level of improvement. The results demonstrated a substantial enhancement in students' vocabulary acquisition, as seen by the higher mean score (83.84) on the posttest compared to the pretest (52.80). The statistical study using a paired sample t-test revealed a significance value of 0.000, demonstrating a significant improvement in vocabulary learning as a result of using Duolingo. Ultimately, Duolingo proves to be efficacious in enhancing students' lexical acquisition, offering an enjoyable and engaging educational encounter, and fortifying students' retention through efficient repetition and utilisation of words in many contexts. Based on these findings, it is advised that students use the Duolingo application to increase their vocabulary.
NEGOTIATING CRITICAL LITERACY IN JUNIOR HIGH: A TEACHER’S EXPLORATION USING FAIRY TALES
Authors: Novianti Nita
Published: February 2025

Critical literacy is context dependent in nature; its practice is negotiated by teachers with their local contexts (Alford Jetnikoff, 2016; Comber Simpson, 2001). While this context dependency has been widely acknowledged, not much research has explored how teachers negotiate their local contexts to integrate critical literacy in their English classroom. Using the Framework for critical literacy negotiations in EFL classrooms (Novianti, 2023), action research involving a junior high school teacher was conducted. As part of the teacher’s professional learning program, the teacher negotiated the practice of critical literacy in her classroom. The results show that integrating critical literacy into the English classroom is a complex process requiring the teacher to negotiate multiple factors in their teaching practice as well as their knowledge and beliefs regarding literacy. The teacher’s main concern was negotiating a space for critical literacy in the existing curriculum, making sure the topic raised was relevant to students’ lived experiences, and considering local artifacts and happenings that could be raised in the instruction. Negotiation also occurs when the teacher integrated the principles of critical literacy pedagogy into her classroom teaching and learning, which comprise text analysis and critique, bridging the word and the world, and taking social action. The findings highlight the nature of critical literacy practice that is dependent upon teacher’s local contexts.
THE EFFECT OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING ON MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS WRITING ABILITY IN SMP IT DAARUL ISTIQLAL MARINDAL I
Authors: Aldiansyah Fajar , Dewi Utami
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of Project-Based Learning (PBL) on middle school students' writing abilities. Writing proficiency is a crucial skill, yet traditional methods often fall short in engaging students and providing authentic contexts for practice. The objective of this research is to investigate whether PBL can effectively enhance students' writing skills. Using a quantitative approach, a pre-test and post-test experimental design was employed, involving 42 students at SMP IT Daarul Istiqlal Marindal I. The participants were divided into experimental and control groups, with the experimental group taught using PBL and the control group using traditional methods. Data collection included pre-tests and post-tests, with statistical analysis conducted using SPSS for normality, homogeneity, reliability, T-tests, and ANOVA. The results demonstrated that PBL significantly improved students' writing abilities, as evidenced by higher post-test scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. These findings suggest that PBL is an effective instructional methodology for enhancing writing proficiency, providing authentic contexts for practicing writing skills, and increasing student engagement and motivation. Keywords: Project-Based Learning, writing abilities, experimental design, instructional methodology, student engagement.
NAVIGATING THE HURDLES OF TOEFL READING COMPREHENSION: INSIGHTS FROM UNIVERSITAS NEGERI GORONTALO
Authors: Muziatun Muziatun , Miolo Sartin T , Abuda Hildasari
Published: February 2025

This study aims to identify and overcome the challenges faced by students at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo in the TOEFL reading comprehension section. Despite extensive research on TOEFL reading comprehension, there remains a gap in practical, context-specific interventions tailored to Indonesian EFL learners. This study utilizes a mixed-methods approach to address this gap. First, a needs analysis was conducted through surveys and interviews to identify key difficulties. Subsequently, various instructional strategies, including vocabulary enhancement and reading strategy training, were implemented and evaluated. The results indicate that targeted interventions significantly improve students' reading comprehension skills. The findings contribute to the broader field of language education by providing practical solutions for educators and students to navigate the hurdles of TOEFL reading comprehension.Keywords: TOEFL, reading comprehension, vocabulary mastery, instructional strategies, EFL learners, Indonesian context.
STUDENT’S DIFFICULTY IN LISTENING WESTERN MOVIE
Authors: Hasibuan Fitri Widya Jayanti , Lubis Yani
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the challenges students face in understanding Western films, focusing on language and dialect differences, narrative complexity, and cultural factors. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data was collected through observation and interviews with students at SMP N 4 Sei Kanan. Findings indicate that language barriers, including unfamiliar accents and slang, complex plot structures with intricate storylines and character developments, and cultural nuances, such as differing social norms and historical references, pose significant difficulties for students. Additionally, students often struggle with idiomatic expressions and humor that do not translate well across cultures. This study suggests incorporating strategies to improve students' listening skills and cultural awareness through targeted educational interventions, such as integrating multimedia resources in the curriculum, conducting workshops on cultural contexts, and providing supplementary language support. By addressing these challenges, educators can enhance students' comprehension and appreciation of Western films, fostering a more inclusive and effective learning environments.Student Difficulties, Western Films, Language and Dialect Differences
MOVE ANALYSIS OF HIGHLY CITED SCOPUS ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING JOURNAL ARTICLES
Authors: Amalia Fuji Nurizka , Kurniawan Eri
Published: February 2025

Producing quality research articles requires researchers to have a comprehensive understanding of move analysis, a structural approach that uses moves and steps to effectively present arguments and findings. Despite extensive research on move analysis structures, there remains a gap in frameworks addressing the move-step structures across all sections of highly cited research articles, particularly in the field of English Language Teaching (ELT). This study seeks to fill this gap by analyzing the structural patterns of move-step sequences in ELT research articles, providing a practical framework for novice researchers. Employing a multi-framework approach, Hyland's (2000) model was used for Abstracts, Swales' (2004) for Introductions, Cotos' (2017) for Methods, and Moreno and Swales' (2018) for Results and Discussion sections. A corpus of 30 highly cited ELT research articles indexed in Scopus was analyzed. The findings reveal that specific moves, such as presenting background, reporting the research method and results are consistent across Abstracts, and topic generalization, indicating a gap, and announcing present research across Introductions. Similarly, the Method sections exhibit two dominant moves: contextualizing study methods and describing the study, while the Results and Discussion sections highlight four key moves, including reporting background information, presenting and highlighting results, and interpreting and explaining results. This research underscores the importance of recognizing conventional and optional moves in crafting high-quality articles. The proposed framework is expected to serve as a comprehensive guide for novice researchers in producing impactful and well-structured ELT research articles, contributing to the field's scholarly discourse.Keywords: ELT research article; move analysis; research framework
ENHANCING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF RECOUNT TEXT WITH MULTIMODAL DIGITAL LITERACY
Authors: Mariam Siti , Kepirianto Catur , Fadlilah Sayyidatul , Izza Awwalia Fitrotin
Published: February 2025

This study aims firstly to explain the use of multimodal digital literacy to boost students’ reading comprehension of recount text. Secondly, to describe students’ engagement in joining this learning model. It employed a qualitative method. Classroom action research with two cycles was used as the research design. Each cycle consisted of planning, acting, observing, and evaluating. The participants were thirty-ninth graders at the Islamic secondary school in Semarang Regency in the academic year 2024-2025. The pre-test, posttests, and observation guidelines were provided as data collection techniques. The results show that incorporating a genre-based approach and multimodal digital literacy can enhance students’ reading comprehension of recount text. Based on students’ achievement in the pretest, they reached 69, in post-test cycle 1, they achieved 75, and in post-test cycle 2, they obtained 84. Because students were intrigued by multimodal digital literacy, they were also delighted in putting this learning approach into practice. Their grasp of reading comprehension of recall texts was enhanced by the teacher. Together with their peers and the teacher, they studied the course materials. It can be concluded, this learning paradigm improves group work and interpersonal skills, raises learning motivation, and promotes active learners' involvement.Keywords: digital literacy, multimodal; reading comprehension; recount text; revolutionizing.
COHESION AND COHERENCE IN WRITTEN TEXTS OF HEALTH MEDICAL LABORATORY STUDENTS
Authors: Setiawan Fiki , Taiman Taiman
Published: February 2025

Good writing, which is cohesive and coherent, must pay attention to the relationship between sentences. Cohesive and coherence are essential textual components to create the organized and comprehensiveness of the texts. This research aims to identify the use of cohesion devices and coherence made by the students in their writing texts. This study applied a descriptive qualitative method. The study's object was eight explanation texts written by linguistic learning style students of Health Medical Laboratory An Nasher Cirebon in the academic year of 2019/2020, who were taking English subjects. The data collected through documentation. The qualitative analysis was performed to explore the results. The result revealed that reiteration among all forms of grammatical and lexical cohesion, which occurs 207 times or 47.15 percent, is the most common form. The reference that appears 124 times or 28.25 percent follows. Collocation is the third position, which happens 60 times or 13.67%. Conjunction, meanwhile, occurs 44 times or 10.02 percent, replacement appears 3 times or 0, 68 percent and ellipsis appears 1 times. In terms of macro level coherenece, the results showed that additives were mostly used in student texts. followed by causal, temporal and last was adversative It concluded that the students to be competing well in producing cohesion and coherence in their writing texts. They use all kinds of coherence in their written text with only one ellipsis, and they apply all kinds of coherence in their written text.Keywords: Cohesion; coherence; discourse
PROTECTION OF ARABIC LANGUAGE IN RELATION WITH INFLUX FROM ENGLISH TAKING OVER WITH SHOPS TITLE AND ADVERTISEMENTS
Authors: Saleh Maher Ahmed Ali
Published: February 2025

This study intends to explore on protection available for Arabic language as compared with English in shops titles and advertisements in Aden province as being engulfed by the latter. The use of English as a Lingua Franca in communication has increased in the last decades in the field of advertising. The purpose of the current study is to enquire into consumers’ attitudes towards the use of English in advertisement and compare them with the views of those inclined towards the use of Arabic. However, some shop owners who are using English language in advertisements is due to many reasons which include; they tend to think that their costumers believe more on products from outside the country and thus they are sure when customers see foreign names it directly inclines to have more confidence towards the products. The study attempts to promote the use of Arabic language in Aden province towards customer satisfactions and beliefs in products named in their language. That means, not fighting against other languages as much as promoting the use of Arabic to go with all the challenges in the world. As a result, the customers trust using foreign language leads to Arabic language to become a dead like languages such as Latin or ancient Greek and hence the interest to using only Arabic language in names of the shops.Keywords: Protection of Arabic language; shop titles and advertisements.
IDENTIFYING TEACHER PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY IN THE CONTENT OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ REFLECTION ON TEACHER’S TEACHING PRACTICUM
Authors: Mulyani Martina , Gunawan Muhammad Handi , Kusuma I Putu Indra
Published: February 2025

Teaching practicum is believed to be a program crucial for pre-service teachers to gain their teacher professional identity (TPI). The pre-service teachers (PST) who are able to fit the context and be reflective to cope with challenges in the program are believed to have the sense of TPI. Hence, a PST o pre-service teachers is expected to have deeper focus of reflection after experiencing teaching practicum. One of the tools to identify the TPI among PSTs is Onion Model, the model containing the five phases of structured reflection. Even though there are a large number of researches that examine the reflection of teaching practicum through the eyes of PSTs using a number of different tools, few are concerned with the focus of PST’s reflection to determine their TPI. This research employed case study and Onion Model as the tool of analysis, the study scrutinized the TPI among six PSTs who possess different intentions in joining the teacher college. The finding showed that, as a training session, teaching practicum is able to sharpen the TPI among PSTs. However, it cannot change those with multiple identities and fixed personalities who may think that conflicts in identities can lead to diminished well-being.Keywords: pre-service teacher; teacher professional identity; teaching practicum.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF ENGLISH ESSAY WRITING IN STUDIES OF CRITICAL THINKING, READING HABITS, AND SENTENCE STRUCTURE MASTERY
Authors: Imaniah Ikhfi
Published: February 2025

In academic life, writing skill is the most important part for students because writing skill requires students to be able to think critically and develop the contents of their academic writing. Academic writing skill at University level usually develop Essay writing skill which is focus on analyzing, developing ideas, and opinion in a way that is by providing examples and evidence which can support the essay writing. However, in reality there are still many students unable to develop their main ideas and support their essay writing with evidence and facts. In this study, the samples tested were 64 semester V students using quantitative causality survey methods with path analysis to test each variable. Tests and questionnaires are included in this research. Findings show that essay writing skill simultaneously can be influenced by critical thinking, reading habits and sentence structure mastery. These correlations have implications for the research designs and measures used, and how data were collected. Many studies describe the correlation in global way but none describe the reflection of essay writing rubric on student’s critical thinking. Recommendation for future research is provided.Keywords: Essay writing skills; critical thinking; reading habits; and mastery of sentence structure.
INVESTIGATING EFL TEACHERS’ APPROACHES TO MEANINGFUL LEARNING IN BLENDED-LEARNING LISTENING AND SPEAKING COURSES
Authors: Rahmawati Fitria
Published: February 2025

This study explored the approaches applied by EFL teachers to create meaningful learning activities to teach listening and speaking skills in a blended learning context and investigated some contributing factors in implementing the activities. Six EFL teachers with a diverse length of teaching experiences were purposively selected as the participants of this study. A case study was adopted as the research design involving several data-gathering techniques, including in-depth interview, document analysis, and observation. The study revealed some approaches implemented by the EFL teacher-participants to facilitate meaningful learning activities to teach listening and speaking skills in a blended learning context, both in the offline and online delivery modes. In addition, drawing inferences from the data, some factors became considerations by the teachers in selecting instructional approaches to be implemented to teach both English skills in a blended learning context. The study’s findings suggest the need for EFL teachers to carefully select and implement meaningful learning activities in a blended learning context specifically for teaching listening and speaking skills to assist student learning and provide better learning outcomes.Keywords: blended learning; in-class learning; out-class learning; listening and speaking skills; instructional activities; contributing factors
STRENGTHENING READING COMPREHENSION AND INTEREST THROUGH SQ3R STRATEGY USING WHATSAPP DURING PANDEMIC
Authors: Kohar D. Abdul , Saehu Andang , Ardiasih Lidwina Sri
Published: February 2025

The study employed the pre-test and post-test control group design focusing on strengthening reading comprehension and reading interest during the pandemic time using WhatsApp platform through survey, question, read, recite and review (SQ3R) strategy. The participants were the students of ninth graders of MTsN 6 Cianjur who were selected randomly to be the experimental and control classes. The instruments were the pre-post reading comprehension test and reading interest questionnaire especially on three dimensions; situational, individual and topic. The validity and reliability of both instruments were confirmed before applying them in the study. The analysis revealed that significant score (2 tailed) or (P) of post-reading comprehension test obtained by both experimental and control classes was 0%. Since it was less than 5%, the significant difference was confirmed, and the result quality of experimental class on reading comprehension was higher than control class. It decided that SQ3R strategy had strengthened reading comprehension skill. Moreover, all significant scores (2 tailed) or (P) of post-reading interest questionnaire on three dimensions obtained by both experimental and control classes were 0%. As they were less than 5%, the significant difference was confirmed, and the result quality of experimental class on reading interest was higher than control class. It exposed that SQ3R strategy had strengthened reading interest. Therefore, SQ3R strategy strengthened reading comprehension skill and reading interest using WhatsApp platform. Furthermore, SQ3R strategy was an alternative reading strategy in the pandemic time. However, the stakeholder should support it by providing free internet access and other requirements, and the study should be deepened by conducting other research especially qualitative study to enrich the scope of research. Keywords: SQ3R strategy; reading comprehension; reading interest; pandemic time; WhatsApp.
TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM IN RICHARD LAGRAVENESE’S FREEDOM WRITERS MOVIE
Authors: Astuti Sri Rahayu , Arini Restu
Published: February 2025

Professionalism is pivotal for teachers because it influences student accomplishment and qualifies educational goals. The demeanor of professional teachers encourages students to develop what is inside them and present it to the world. Based on Socket's professional teacher theory, the study analyzes Lagravenese’s Freedom Writers movie to describe teacher professionalism through Erin Gruwell's character. To answer this problem, literature study, in-depth analysis and descriptive-qualitative methods are used. The study revealed that professional teachers' performance by Erin Gruwell contains five aspects: character, commitment to change and continuous improvement, subject knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, obligations and working relationships outside the classroom. The impact is also seen by the changes in students’ behavior from being difficult to manage to being obedient students with good achievements. Thus, teacher professionalism produces prestige for students making them able to become learners with good behavior, motivation, and academic performance.Keywords: teacher professionalism; teacher competences; student behavior; teacher education.
EFL STUDENT TEACHERS’ PERCEIVED KNOWLEDGE ON INTEGRATING ICT
Authors: Matra Sarlita D. , Fitriana Salsabila
Published: February 2025

The integration of ICT in education forces teachers to be competent in using ICT instantly. Teachers are required to have qualified in ICT competencies. Especially in this pandemic era, teachers must have competencies in utilizing technology resource and skill to provide learning effectively both in real and virtual classroom. The purposes of this research are: 1) To find out whether EFL student teachers have perceived knowledge on integrating ICT after they study ICT in ELT course or not. 2) To explore how EFL student teachers’ perceived knowledge on integrating ICT after they study ICT in ELT course. The participants of this research were thirty-seven (37) student teachers of 5th semester English Education Department 2021/2022 UNIKAL. The data was collected by giving online questionnaire to the participants. The questionnaire measured the six variables of interests: student teachers’ knowledge on basic ICT tools and application, student teachers’ knowledge on theories, skills, strategies of ICT tools and application, student teachers’ knowledge on ICT online application, student teachers’ knowledge on ethics of using digital information, student teachers’ knowledge on class management skills and student teachers’ knowledge on solving the problem in implementation of ICT in ELT. In short, the result showed that most of student teachers were able to integrate ICT in the classroom, so it can be concluded that student teachers who have a good perceived knowledge can apply the use of ICT in a classroom. Regardless, the students’ teachers still need to empower themselves to be adaptable in using ICT tools in the future.Keywords: ICT; perceived knowledge; student teacher.
APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT OF AUGMENTED REALITY FOR ELEMENTARY ENGLISH TEACHING
Authors: Nugraha Irsyad -
Published: February 2025

When children learn English, they have a limited capacity for long-term attention, which necessitates learning English to be more creative, interactive, and innovative. Furthermore, smartphone technology provides these advantages, one of which is the augmented reality application, a novel issue in English teaching. The purpose of this research is to explain how to design Augmented Reality applications. The research design is the multimedia development life cycle (MDLC), and the research method is descriptive qualitative. It was explained that the augmented reality application could be used with the image distance and the augmented display up to 30 cm and that it could be used by teachers without the assistance of a computer technician using the six cycles of MDLC: concept, design, collecting material, assembly, testing, and distribution. The findings show that Augmented Reality can be used as a creative, interactive, and innovative media to help students learn English.Keywords: Augmented Reality; elementary school; English teaching process.
Expanding the practice of using blockchain technology as part of registration procedures for the protection of copyright objects
Authors: Pakhomov Valeriy Nikolaevich
Published: February 2025

The subject of the article is the legal forms of using blockchain technology in the framework of registration procedures for the protection of copyright objects. The objects of copyright reveal a creative nature, that is, a combination of signs of originality and uniqueness, which actualizes the search for the most effective mechanisms that would allow combining the possibility of public registration of creative works with their inviolability (immutability). Blockchain technology, which provides a high level of security for information placed within a decentralized data system, allows for the openness and inviolability of information about copyright objects. The article also raises the problem of using blockchain technology to register copyright objects created by joint efforts of humans and artificial intelligence. As a result, a law-making solution is proposed to the issue of distinguishing the results of artificial intelligence and human work when registering created works in public registers of information.   Based on the use of a systematic approach and formal legal analysis, the article examines the current aspects of the use of public registers of copyright objects as a form of their registration, facilitating the process of proving facts related to the creation of creative works. The introduction of blockchain technology can significantly change approaches to the legal protection of copyright objects. The creation of a public registry based on this technology will ensure a higher level of transparency and accessibility of information about works, which, in turn, will greatly facilitate the process of proving authorship and rights to use works. However, in order to realize these opportunities, it is necessary to develop appropriate legal mechanisms that take into account the specifics of technologies. The integration of blockchain technologies into the field of copyright can help create a more flexible and adaptive legal environment that will take into account the needs of authors and ensure reliable protection of their creative works in the context of digitalization. As a direction for the development of legislation on the registration of copyrighted works in public registers of information created on the basis of blockchain technology, which are the result of joint human creativity and artificial intelligence technologies, it is proposed to grant the copyright holder of these objects of intellectual property rights the right to indicate his name or title on copies or components of such a work.
General theory of crime and self-control of behavior
Authors: Gomonov Nikolai Dmitrievich , Trush Vladimir Mikhailovich , Timohov Viktor Petrovich
Published: February 2025

The subject of the study is the position of M. Gottfredson and T. Hirschi, expressed within the framework of the general theory of crime and based on the assertion that the level of self-control is determined by parenting techniques, but not by biological and genetic influences. However, genetic and neurobiological studies complement this point of view and show that biogenic factors are also largely responsible for the quality of self-control. The object of the study is the social relations that arose in the process and regarding the explanation of the genesis and subsequent correction of criminal behavior. The authors consider in detail the phenomenon of self-control as one of the elements of an extensive palette of determinants of our behavior. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the activity of the frontal cortex of the brain and related neuropsychological problems that clearly affect the level of self-control of behavior.  The methodological basis of the work consists of the laws and categories of dialectical materialism and a historical approach to the interpretation of socio-legal phenomena. The methodology is represented by a set of general scientific and private scientific methods. The main methods of work are extrapolation, comparison and the method of expert assessments. The main conclusion of the study is the criminological interpretation of the results of studies of brain activity before and after psychiatric treatment, which showed a decrease in prefrontal cortex activity and normalization of brain blood flow. Positive changes in brain activity levels corresponded to the adequacy of mental activity. These results demonstrated that rehabilitation programs aimed at cognitive functioning can reduce the activity of delinquent behavior. Cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the most effective programs to reduce recidivism, as it can alter brain activity. The novelty of the research lies in the proposal to use advanced neuroimaging techniques that are able to detect the most minor brain abnormalities. This will make it possible to more clearly understand the mechanisms of the influence of brain function on behavior. The authors believe that criminologists should carefully study the data from brain research and integrate them into theories of the causes of criminal behavior.
Trial by jury in Russia and international experience
Authors: Sychev Dmitry Anatol'evich
Published: February 2025

Criminal proceedings before a jury are the most important constitutional guarantee of citizens' direct participation in the administration of justice. Scientists discover the roots of the jury trial in the 4th century BC in Athens. Subsequently, the jury trial manifested itself in a more developed form in England in 829 A.D. and subsequently spread in one form or another to a number of European countries, including Russia, as well as the United States. The Soviet period of the development of the Russian state was not associated with the development of this institution. However, in the Russian Federation, the jury trial was reborn and returned to domestic criminal proceedings. When writing the article, the author applied a dialectical approach to the study of the phenomenon in its development and constant movement. Thus, the development of the domestic jury trial was traced, taking into account the prerequisites arising from the world experience of its development. The historical method, the method of system analysis and the statistical method were also applied. The main conclusions of the study are the establishment of a link between the emergence of other democratic principles in state building and the emergence of the jury trial. According to the idea of the reformers of the Russian criminal justice system, the jury trial at the apogee of its development should maximize the participation of the popular element in the administration of justice before the crown court, and even more so in a modern democratic society. The functioning of the jury trial is fraught with a number of problems, the main of which is the qualitative potential of the jury and the ability of the public prosecutor to present evidence in their interrelation, on which the fairness of the verdict directly depends. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the introduction into the scientific discourse of rare historical sources that had not previously been found in publications on this topic. The novelty of the research lies in studying the experience of the domestic jury trial from the perspective of the functioning of the prosecutor – public prosecutor in it, analyzing the methodological recommendations of practicing lawyers of the 19th and early 20th centuries in relation to the current stage of development of this institution.