bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representações do feminino na publicidade: estereótipos, rupturas e deslizes
Authors: Freire Oliveira-Cruz Milena
Published: April 2017

El texto propone mapear diferentes representaciones sobre lo femenino en la publicidad brasileña de actualidad: tanto la reproducción de estereotipos que reiteran la desigualdad de género así como la ruptura de modelos cristalizados a través de la valorización de la autonomía de la mujer. A partir de datos de investigaciones que demuestran el cuestionamiento del público en referencia a los patrones femeninos, así como la repercusión de comerciales que fueron considerados machistas por el público, pretendemos reflejar la relación instituida entre publicidad y sociedad, y destacar la necesidad de reconfiguración de las formas de pensar y representar las cuestiones de género en la comunicación publicitaria.
Algunos interrogantes sobre la relación entre publicidad, consumo y Buen Vivir
Authors: Canga Sosa Manuel
Published: April 2017

En este escrito se desarrolla una reflexión acerca del papel que el discurso publicitario desempeña en la sociedad actual, tomando como referencia algunas de las ideas que se han formulado a propósito del Buen Vivir y cuestionando, desde una perspectiva teórica y crítica, la posición del hombre con respecto a la naturaleza. Se interroga el fenómeno del consumismo y se abre un debate en torno a la responsabilidad de los ciudadanos, que están llamados a tomar conciencia de los riesgos que implican para el medio ambiente determinadas actitudes y acciones.
La Unesco, la comunicación y el neoliberalismo
Authors: Quirós Fernando
Published: April 2017

Este artículo aborda cómo y por qué se terminó el debate sobre la información y la comunicación en la Unesco con la “nueva estrategia de la comunicación” impulsada por Federico Mayor Zaragoza, después de que los Estados Unidos de América y el Reino Unido se retirasen en 1985 y 1986, respectivamente. El autor describe la crisis de 1984 sirviéndose de dos grandes novelas del siglo XX: El Proceso, de Franz Kafka y 1984, de George Orwell. Concluye afirmando que las primeras declaraciones de la embajadora de Donald Trump ante la ONU permiten adivinar un nuevo chantaje de los conservadores estadounidenses al sistema de Naciones Unidas.
Caos y catástrofe. Un debate sobre las teorías críticas entre América Latina y Europa (Víctor Silva)
Authors: Follari Roberto Agustín
Published: April 2017

Caos y catástrofe. Un debate sobre las teorías críticas entre América Latina y EuropaVíctor SILVA ECHETOEditorial: Gedisa. Barcelona, España.Año: 2014Páginas: 128ISBN: 978-84-9784-817-6
Sin muros. Aprendizajes en la era digital (María Teresa Quiroz)
Authors: Mateus Borea Julio César
Published: April 2017

Sin muros. Aprendizajes en la era digitalMaría TERESA QUIROZEditorial: Fondo Editorial de la Universidad de Lima. Perú.Año: 2013Páginas: 162ISBN: 978-9972-45-273-4
Sociofobia. El cambio político en la era de la utopía digital (César Rendueles)
Authors: Moreno Gálvez Francisco Javier
Published: April 2017

Sociofobia. El cambio político en la era de la utopía digitalCésar RENDUELESEditorial: Capitán Swing. Madrid.Año: 2013Páginas: 206ISBN: 978-84-941690-0-7
Cuando la gente toma la palabra. Medios digitales y cambio social en la insurgencia de Oaxaca (Tommaso Gravante)
Authors: Morán José
Published: April 2017

Cuando la gente toma la palabra. Medios digitales y cambio social en la insurgencia de OaxacaTommaso GRAVANTEEditorial: Ediciones CIESPAL. Quito, Ecuador.Año: 2016Páginas: 154ISBN: 978-9978-55-143-1
La desilusión de la imagen. Arqueología, cuerpo(s) y mirada(s) (Víctor Silva)
Authors: Cuadra Álvaro
Published: April 2017

La desilusión de la imagen. Arqueología, cuerpo(s) y mirada(s)Víctor SILVA ECHETOEditorial: Gedisa. Barcelona, España.Año: 2016Páginas: 144ISBN: 978-8416-57-284-7
Derecho a la Comunicación. Procesos regulatorios y democracia en América Latina (F. Sierra y R. Vallejo)
Authors: Vallejo Castro Verónica
Published: April 2017

Derecho a la Comunicación. Procesos regulatorios y democracia en América LatinaEditores: Francisco SIERRA CABALLERO y Rosa Elena VALLEJO CASTROEditorial: Ediciones CIESPAL. Quito, Ecuador.Año: 2017Páginas: 434ISBN: 978-9978-55-156-1
Introducción: De la abstracción a la praxis, de las buenas palabras a los hechos
Authors: Caro Almela Antonio , Pacheco Rueda Marta
Published: April 2017

El presente monográfico tiene como punto de partida una de las cuestiones más acuciantes a las que hoy se enfrenta la humanidad: o bien proseguir la carrera desenfrenada de un hiperconsumismo sin medida, cuyo heraldo es la publicidad comercial, o bien atender a la alternativa civilizatoria cuya versión más conocida es, en el ámbito latinoamericano, la filosofía de vida que se conoce con el término de Buen Vivir. Publicidad y Buen Vivir se erigen así en los exponentes visibles de una tesitura de la que depende tanto el porvenir de la humanidad como del planeta Tierra que habitamos. Ahora bien, ¿cómo explicar este contraste entre conciencia de la gravedad del problema y carencia de medidas eficaces dirigidas a combatirlo? Mirando la cuestión a fondo llegaremos pronto a la conclusión de que lo que sucede es que, pese a su evidente gravedad, el problema se plantea en el terreno inefable e inasible de la abstracción. Y es precisamente ese planteamiento abstracto lo que hace que todos tendamos a recluir el tema en un rincón de nuestra conciencia sin que afecte en absoluto a nuestros comportamientos cotidianos que son los que, evidentemente, hay que cambiar si queremos atajar el problema.
Publicidad, Tiempo y Vida
Authors: Sierra Caballero Francisco
Published: April 2017

El presente monográfico trata de contribuir a sentar las bases de este proyecto de transformación histórica procurando abrir el debate, proyectar otro universo categorial y deconstruir una teoría y práctica de la Publicidad de los personajes de Madison Avenue (Mad Men) −hombres del ‘tiempo es oro’−, que, al menos desde Chasqui, tenemos claro que hay que cuestionar desde nuevos espacios, otras palabras y la inequívoca voluntad de liberar el tiempo de vida como tiempo consumido por el reino de las mercancías en favor de una vida plena, sobria y equilibrada. Esperamos que el lector encuentre en las páginas siguientes elementos para el principio esperanza. No otra cosa cabe esperar del trabajo intelectual aquí y ahora.
The Influence of the Background Color “Red” on the Appraisal of Pictures
Authors: Okamura Yasuto
Published: April 2017

It is assumed that color has an influence on human cognition and behavior. The red effect has been taken up by a large body of research and the purpose of the study was to test the influence of red as a background color on the appraisal of pictures. Participants were randomly divided into two conditions: red or white. They appraised the levels of valence and arousal of four pictures with background colors of red or white. Results demonstrated that the levels of arousal were significantly higher when negative pictures with background color red were presented than when they were presented with background color white. This study’s results are consistent with previous studies that have demonstrated a context-dependent manner of color effects on human cognition and behavior.
The Effectiveness of a Body Image Group Counselling Program on Adolescent Girls in High School
Authors: Eryılmaz Ali , Keven-Akliman Çigdem
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a body image group counselling program on adolescent girls in the context of Positive Psychology and Positive Psychotherapy. The sample set consisted of 22 female students, 11 in the experimental group and the other 11 in the control group, and they are all in the 9th grade and have negative body images. Research was conducted based on a pattern of a pre-test, post-test and follow-up test with control and experimental groups. A Body Image Scale, Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory and Program Evaluation Form were used as data collection tools. The positive body image group counselling program was conducted on the experimental group for ten sessions. The Wilcoxon sign rank test, Mann-Whitney U test and repeated-measure of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for data analysis. According to the results, the program was statistically significant. Additionally, the results revealed statistically significant increases in positive body images and coping strategies in the intervention group when compared with the control group. The program may be used to increase positive body image.
Assessment Indicators of Tertiary Student of Internship Programs Adjust Industry 4.0
Authors: Chou Chun-Mei , Shen Chien-Hua , Hsiao Hsi-Chi , Shen Tsu-Chuan , Tsen Yu-Jen
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study was to study the assessment indicators for the entrepreneurial learned by tertiary student of internship programs adjust Industry 4.0. In-depth interviews and focus groups were used to develop the ability indicators and gain consistency between the ability items. The research results showed that there were three types of entrepreneurial cognition learned by students of internship programs adjust Industry 4.: start-up experience, industry-specific experience, and managerial experience. The ability content included 11 items of entrepreneurial cognition ability: entrepreneurial traits, basic commercial ability, communication ability, digital ability, professional innovative ability, financial management ability, human resource management ability, marketing management ability, operational (work) ability, and risk management ability, and there were a total of 91 ability indicators. There were 48 items of entrepreneurial cognition that had high importance and usage frequency.
The Relationship Between Problem Solving and Creative Thinking Skills among Nursing Students
Authors: Demir Barutcu Canan
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between problem solving and creative thinking skills among nursing students. This is a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample was composed of 266 nursing students who were assessed on the creative thinking scale and problem solving inventory. The problem solving capability of students increase statistically significant levels as the grades of the students increase. The average score students get from creative thinking scale, did not show any difference due to the level of grade and all students obtained scores to be defined as “over the average creativity”. There was a moderately significant negative correlation between the scores of the two scales employed by the study. Especially higher scores on problem solving for the senior nursing students in comparison with others, is an important result proving nursing education has a positive effect on problem solving.
English Language Anxiety: Development and Validation of a Brief Measure
Authors: Ali Khalaf Ali Mustafa
Published: April 2017

In view of the lack of a short scale for the direct measurement of English language learning anxiety developed in the Egyptian context, this study aims to develop and validate a brief scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed using (362) EFL learners enrolled in first year at college of education, Minia University. Results of EFA proved that the scale consisted of four subscales: (speaking anxiety, (8) items, =.84, writing anxiety (8) items, =.84, reading anxiety (8) items, =.84, listening anxiety, (8) items, =.83). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on 46 items to examine the structure validity. Results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the four-factor model fitted well and results met the criteria for goodness of fit indices (>.90) and root mean score residual (RMR < .05) which means the (ELAS) has a four factor structure in the Egyptian university students sample. The brief scale has good reliability and adequate validity and results of the analysis supported the conclusion that it is a reliable and valid measurement instrument.
Analysis of The Thesis About Marital Adjustment (2006-2016)
Authors: GÜVEN Naciye
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study is to analyze the thesis about marital adjustment. 74 postgraduate thesis that exist on the data base of YÖK were investigated via “the form of thesis investigation”. The thesis were studied from 2006 to 2016. “Marital adjustment” was used as a key word. It is a qualitative research. The document analysis was used throughout the study. As a result, it is found that most of the thesis are master thesis and quantitative studies. Mostly, women studied on thesis and the sample was on different people who were married.
IMPACT OF MONETARY INCENTIVES ON EMPLOYEE’S MOTIVATION: SHINAS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, OMAN - A CASE STUDY
Authors: Al-Belushi Fatma Yousuf , Khan Firdouse Rahman
Published: April 2017

PURPOSE

The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of monetary incentives on the Shinas College of Technology employees’ motivation; to critically investigate the importance and the value of monetary incentives for the employees and also to critically examine which monetary incentive best suits and motivates the employees of Shinas College of Technology.

METHODOLOGY

The study included samples of 130 employees from all the academic and non-academic staff of the college collected through a well-defined questionnaire. The data collection was done on a simple random sampling basis. 

FINDINGS

The study reveals that the employees of Shinas College of Technology are motivated by salary and on duty allowance rather than the other monetary incentives/benefits.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

The study demonstrates that the monetary incentives have a direct impact on employees’ motivation and the attractive financial incentive will boost most of them to work hard.

SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS

The management of the selected college of study needs to identify the right kind of monetary incentive to their staff so that the employees will be highly motivated to put their best effort in completing their jobs which might, in turn, increase their loyalty towards the organization and their job satisfaction.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE

No study have examined the impact of monetary incentives and the motivational factors of the employees ever before, and it is a first-hand study of its kind.

RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS

The study was restricted to the employees of the Shinaz College of Technology, Shinaz, Oman. The study could be extended to know the insight of the employees of similar institutions in Oman.
Investment Attractiveness of Regions: Methodic Aspects of the Definition and Classification of Impacting Factors
Authors: Mustafakulov Sherzod
Published: May 2017

The article focuses on the classification of national and regional resources defining the socio-economic capacity of territories, and it discloses its essential elements. It provides various analysis of existing conditions for maximizing the usage of regional economic capacity, i.e. the use of investment flow methods for production process, hiring labour resources, and its effective direction in the expanded reproduction of the economy. The author provides critical review of economic researches focused on national/regional economic capacity, their methods of assessment of economic capacity, and defining investment attractiveness of regions. Moreover, various factors have to be taken into account in forming regional development and investment programs. The author attempts to provide casual analysis of main macro and mezo-scale tasks to be solved by regional authorities in order to provide relatively balanced regional development and prevent sharp widening of income inequalities. Hence, the article provides scientific-methodic recommendations on priority directions for the provision of socio-economic development and for assessing the value of investment attractiveness of regions with long-term historical specialisation on agricultural production.
Implementation of Item Response Theory for Analysis of Test Items Quality and Students’ Ability in Chemistry
Authors: Amelia Rizki Nor , Kriswantoro Kriswantoro
Published: April 2017

This first aim of this study is to describe the quality of chemistry test item made by teacher. The test was developed for 11th grade students’ science class in the first semester on academic year 2015/2016. The second aim of this study is to describe the characteristic of measurement’s result for students’ ability in chemistry. This is descriptive research design with the 101 student’s responses patterns from multiple choice test device with 5 answer alternatives. The responses patterns were collected by documentation technique and analyzed quantitatively using Item Response Theory software such as BILOG MG V3.0 with 1-PL, 2-PL, and 3-PL models. The differences of students’ ability in chemistry in model 1-PL, 2-PL, dan 3-PL were analyzed using One-Way Anova Repeated Measure. The result showed that the mean of item difficulties level (b), item differentiate (a), and pseudo-guessing (c) are good. The measurement tools arranged by teacher were suitable for students who have the ability from -1.0 to +1.7. The maximum score of item information function is 68.83 (SEM =0.121) with ability in 0.2 logit. The highest ability’s estimation score was showed by Model 2-PL. The mean of students’ ability for 11th grade students is -0.0185 logit and consider as moderate category.

 
Gasoline Production from Coconut Oil Using The Ni-MCM-41 and Co/Ni-MCM-41 Catalyst
Authors: Badriyah Lailatul , Falah Iip Izul
Published: April 2017

Gasoline have been produced from coconut oil using MCM-41, NiMCM-41, and Co/NiMCM-41 catalyst. The acidity of catalyst was analysed by Fourier Transformation Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The yields of cracking product were analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The catalyst of Co/NiMCM-41 has the highest acidity than MCM-41 and NiMCM-41. It is caused by the effect of adding d orbital from Co and Ni. This cracking process is batch system, and the catalyst pellets were made at the temperature of 400 ºC. The highest gasoline product was obtained using the Co/NiMCM-41 catalyst with 89.53 % w/w yield. The major liquid product from the cracking process using MCM-41, NiMCM-41, dan Co/NiMCM-41 catalysts were estimated as 1-octena, octane, nonane; 1-octene, 1-nonene, nonane; 1-octene, octane, nonane, respectively.

 
Making Charcoal Briquettes from Corncobs Organic Waste Using Variation of Type and Percentage of Adhesives
Authors: Sulistyaningkarti Lilih , Utami Budi
Published: April 2017

This study aimed to (1) make charcoal briquettes from corncobs organic waste; (2) determine the right type of adhesive to make a corncobs charcoal briquette to produce good quality briquettes; (3) determine the appropriate percentage of adhesive to produce corncobs briquettes to produce good quality briquettes; and (4) know the best characteristics of corncobs charcoal briquettes which include moisture content, volatile content, ash content, carbon content and caloric value. The sample used was corncob obtained from a corn farmer in Pasekan Village, Wonogiri regency. This research used experimental method in laboratory with several stages, namely: (1) preparation of materials; (2) carbonization; (3) crushing and sifting of charcoal (4) mixing charcoal with adhesive and water; (5) briquetting; (6) briquette drying; And (7) analysis of briquette quality. This adhesive types used in this research were tapioca flour and wheat flour and the percentage of adhesive material were 5%, 10% and 15% from total weight of charcoal powder. The result of the research were: (1) charcoal briquettes as alternative energy source can be made from biomass waste (corncobs organic waste); (2) charcoal briquettes from organic corncobs wastes using tapioca flour adhesives have better quality than using wheat flour adhesives; (3) the both charcoal briquettes using 5% of tapioca flour adhesive and 5% wheat flour adhesives have better quality than 10% and 15% in terms of moisture content, volatile content, ash content, carbon content and calorific value; and (4) the best characteristics obtained are for the charcoal briquettes using 5% of tapioca flour adhesive, which have water content of 3,665%; volatile matter amounting of 11.005%; ash content of 4.825%; fixed carbon content of 80.515%; and high heat value of 5661,071%.
Mesoporous Carbon in the Global World
Authors: Ulfa Maria
Published: April 2017

This review provided information about the development of the synthesis aspect, preparation and application of mesoporous carbon in the global world based on research phenomenon on 100 mesoporous carbon papers published by Elsevier, ACS dan Springer during 25 year. Review results showed that researcher began to leave sucrose and switch to non-sucrose as carbon precursor. Researchers used sucrose about 90% in 1995-2000 and in 2010-2015 decrease to become 40%. Otherwise those using non-sucrose in 1995-2000 only 10%, recently increase to 60%. For the method used to synthesis the mesoporous carbon researcher prefer used soft template (about 75 %) before year 2000 and hard template (about 60%) in 2000-2010, but now the method used with soft templates, hard templates and combinations of both are balanced. From year 1995 until 2015 total researcher used sucrose as carbon precursor about 50% and researchers about 40% using hard template method, 35% using soft template method and the others using combination both of them. Structure form of the amorphous carbons are grown, from wormholes, cubic, until hexagonal, and modification to these fours forms. Physical properties such as pore size, surface area, and structural order were developed for better performance year to year. Mesoporous carbon application up to 60% were used in the fuel production and refineries, but the other using on the communication tenhnologies and medical areas. All of the mesoporous carbon in the global world shows that mesoporous carbon is a future material which has a great opportunity to develop especially in Indonesia and other developing countries. Indonesia have  various natural resources as a carbon source, so in the future Indonesia are expected as one of the countries of mesoporous carbon supplier

 
Strengthening the Competencies of Target Teacher in Assistance of Curriculum 2013 Implementation in Tanggamus Regency - Lampung Province
Authors: Masykuri Mohammad
Published: April 2017

Development stage of curriculum 2013 has entered the limited-implementation phase to secondary schools. To maintain and improve the sustainability of the understanding and implementation of curriculum 2013, the government has programmed assistance activities for teachers and principals. This programs conducted as reinforcement in understanding the concept of Curriculum 2013 and to help overcome the obstacles that arise during the curriculum implementation. The research objective is to obtain information on the assistance of Curriculum 2013 implementation in accordance with the philosophy, concepts, rules, principles, meaning and procedures included in the elements of the curriculum changes based on Graduate Competence Standard (GCS), Core Competencies (CC) and Standard Competencies (SC) in Tanggamus regency, province of Lampung. The result of the research showed that there are the strengthening competency of target teacher during the mentoring conducted by the core/assistant teacher. The strengthening competencies includes the understanding of: 1) textbooks and teachers' manuals, 2) learning and assessment process, 3) the preparation of lesson plan, 4) learning implementation.

 
Synthesis and Characterization of Bioplastic from Chitosan-Ganyong Starch (Canna edulis)
Authors: Saputro Agung Nugroho Catur , Ovita Arruum Linggar
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study was to produced bioplastic from chitosan-ganyong starch and compare its quality to commercial biodegradable plastic. This research was carried out by experimental method in laboratory. Making bioplastic film was done by dissolving, blending, printing, drying, and neutralizing process. Characterization of bioplastic film was performed by tensile strength test,% elongation, thickness, swelling, solubility, biodegradability and functional group analysis with FTIR. The produced bioplastic characterizations were compared to commercial biodegradable plastics. The results concluded that the qualities of bioplastic chitosan-ganyong starch are  higher than commercial biodegradable plastics on tensile strength parameter (53,9644 Mpa : 18,4109 MPa),% elongation (1,8066 % : 3,7025%), and degradation ability (5 days : 30 days); but lower in thickness parameters (0.0350 mm: 0.0140 mm), % swelling (0.275%: 0.010%), and solubility (0.10%: 0.05%).

 

 
Synthesis of Natural Ni/Zeolite Activated by Acid as Catalyst for Synthesis Biodiesel from Ketapang Seeds Oil
Authors: Ramadhani Dimas Gilang , Sarjono Alfiyan Wahyudianto , Setyoko Heri , Fatimah Nur Fitri , Nurhayati Nanik Dwi
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this research are to know the effect of addition Ni on the acidity value of Ni/zeolite catalyst and to know the best combination nickel and Zeolit activated by acid as a catalyst ofthe cracking process during synthesis biodiesel from ketapang seed oil. The Ni/Zeolite catalysts were prepared by immersing the zeolite activated by HCl 4 M into Ni(NO3)2 solution with concentration variation of0%, 5%, and 10%. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM and FTIR. The results showed that the more Ni the more acidity value of the catalyst. The best quality of biodiesel was synthesized using combination catalysts of 5% Ni/Zeolite activated by acid.
The Comparison Accuracy Estimation of Test Reliability Coefficients for National Chemistry Examination in Jambi Province on Academic Year 2014/2015
Authors: Sarwiningsih Rida
Published: April 2017

This research aims to compare the internal consistency of reliability coefficient on classical test theory. Estimation accuracy of internal consistency reliability coefficient used several methods of the coefficient reliability formulation. The methods are Split-Half Method, Cronbach Alpha formula, and Kuder Richardson formula.  Determination of the test reliability coefficients used also some formula and then their results were compared with the results of their estimation accuracy. This research is a quantitative descriptive. Data were analyzed based on responses of national chemistry examination in Jambi province on academic year 2014/2015. The data of students answer sheets were taken using proportional stratified random sampling technique. There are 200 students’ responses from 162 schools (132 public schools and 30 private schools) in Jambi province. The form of data were dichotomy data and analyzed using Split-Half Method. Their reliabilities were analyzed using Cronbach Alpha formula and Kuder Richardson formula. Reliability criteria used consist of five conditions, they are 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8 and 0.9. The results of this research indicated that (a) the coefficient of reliability in classical test theory developed by measurement experts (using Split-Half Method, Cronbach Alpha formula and Kuder Richardson formula) have varying estimates of accuracy;  (b) average reliability coefficients have the precision estimation about of 0.78 up to 0.8; (c) the reliability coefficient using Spearman Brown formula was 0.78, with Rulon formula was 0.78, Flanagan formula was 0.77, Cronbach Alpha formula was 0.838, the KR20 formula was 0.838, and KR21 formula was 0.821.
Comparison of Full‐Season and Double‐Crop Soybean and Grain Sorghum Systems in Central and Southeastern Virginia
Authors: Thomason Wade , Chim Bee Khim , Holshouser David , Behl Harry , Balota Maria , Xia Kang , Frame William , Black Tyler
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas

Grain sorghum is a viable alternative crop in the Mid‐Atlantic region.

Grain sorghum can be successfully doublecropped after small grain in the Mid‐Atlantic region.

Depending on commodity prices both grain sorghum and soybean can be profitable crop choices.

Double‐cropping soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] after winter small‐grains is common in the mid‐Atlantic region. Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) can also be double‐cropped after small grain and sorghum production in the region is increasing due to greater local demand for feed grains. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate and compare the yield and agronomic characteristics of grain sorghum planted full season or double‐cropped after wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), or triticale (× Triticosecale) with soybean in the same rotations. Four field experiments were conducted in Virginia at the Southern Piedmont Agriculture Research and Extension Center (SPAREC) (Appling sandy loam) and Tidewater Agriculture Research and Extension Center (TAREC) (Nansemond loamy sand) in 2012 to 2014. The experimental design was a split‐plot with 14 treatments and four replications. Main plot was winter crop (barley, triticale, or wheat) and the subplot either soybean or sorghum. In three of four instances, full‐season grain sorghum yields were greater than double‐crop, while this was true in half of trials for soybean. Still, double‐crop grain sorghum yields averaged over 2.9 Mg ha−1 indicating strong potential for this use in the region. Estimated net return to land and management was generally higher for soybean than sorghum except sorghum double‐crop following triticale. The highest net return was estimated for soybean double‐cropped following wheat (US$745.64 ha−1), and the lowest net return was sorghum following barley ($189.55 ha−1), due to the lower sorghum grain yield and the lower value of barley.
Germinate 3: Development of a Common Platform to Support the Distribution of Experimental Data on Crop Wild Relatives
Authors: Shaw Paul D. , Raubach Sebastian , Hearne Sarah J. , Dreher Kate , Bryan Glenn , McKenzie Gaynor , Milne Iain , Stephen Gordon , Marshall David F.
Published: May 2017

Conservation and exploitation of crop wild relative species is an important component in ensuring food security and improving current agricultural output. By identifying agriculturally important characteristics that express favorable response to both biotic and abiotic stress currently unused by breeders, the incorporation of this new genetic material into genetic background stocks may help mitigate problems imposed by climate change, land degradation, and population pressure. This is particularly important in countries that will be more severely affected by the threat of reduced yields. The ability to effectively manage genetic resources collections and integrate unique and diverse data types is crucial in exploring, understanding, and exploiting the diversity contained within genebanks. Providing a common interface through which experimental and background data can be disseminated to both researchers and breeders will bring focus and facilitate community building into research communities. We have taken wild barley (Hordeum spp.) and potato (Solanum spp.) collections along with wheat (Triticum spp.) and maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) and their wild relatives and incorporated this data into web‐based information resources built using the Germinate platform (https://ics.hutton.ac.uk/get‐germinate, accessed 4 Apr. 2017). We have tailored these to better meet the demands of researchers by developing both new data visualization tools and integration with current software such as Helium, Flapjack, and CurlyWhirly (https://ics.hutton.ac.uk/software, accessed 4 Apr. 2017) and presented the data in a common platform. While the underlying species differ, the approach taken ensures that tools are compatible across all database instances. We will describe these database instances and show that Germinate offers a common platform that will aid in the exploration and wider use of these species.
Mobility up the sanitation ladder following community-led total sanitation in rural Zambia
Authors: Russpatrick Scott , Tiwari Amy , Markle Laurie , Musonda Engervell , Mutunda Anne , Osbert Nicolas , Pinfold John , Winters Anna , Winters Benjamin , Larsen David A.
Published: April 2017

Scaling the sanitation ladder decreases exposure to various illnesses including diarrheal disease, soil-transmitted helminths and trachoma. In rural Zambia, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) has been deployed to help Zambians scale the sanitation ladder. Analysis of monthly routine surveillance data of village-level sanitation coverage of 13,688 villages shows that villages moved up the sanitation ladder following CLTS intervention with more than one third of villages achieving 100% coverage of adequate sanitation. Villages also moved down the sanitation ladder – approximately half of those achieving 100% coverage of adequate sanitation also dropped from that coverage at some point during monitoring. Larger villages were less likely to achieve 100% coverage, and more likely to drop if they did achieve 100% coverage. Drops were more likely to occur during the wet season. Of those villages dropping from 100% coverage, more than half rebounded to 100% coverage. The adequate latrine components most likely to drop off from 100% coverage were handwashing stations and lids to cover holes, both key components in preventing disease transmission. These results have implications for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programming – sustained support may be required to ensure villages move up the sanitation ladder and stay there.
Using business models in designing market-based solutions: the case of fluoride treatment systems
Authors: Yami Teshome L. , Sabatini David A. , Busenitz Lowell W.
Published: April 2017

This paper addresses how business models inform viability of different fluoride treatment technologies for developing countries as well as the pursuit of financial and operational sustainability. Excess fluoride concentrations in drinking water supplies negatively impact the health of communities living in fluoride affected regions of the world by causing dental and skeletal fluorosis and other severe socio-economic problems. Given that fluoride mitigation solutions have proven elusive, we apply business model logic to compare fluoride removal technologies to examine the financial sustainability of water service provisions. We analyze the investment cost of producing fluoride safe water, the annual revenues generated, and the net benefits obtained from different technologies. Furthermore, the reduced medical costs and productivity losses averted due to access to fluoride safe water can lead to an average annual cost saving of $67 per person. Our results validate the use of business models to help evaluate different technologies as a means of pursuing sustainable applications for safe drinking water.
National drinking water targets – trends and factors associated with target-setting
Authors: Luh Jeanne , Ojomo Edema , Evans Barbara , Bartram Jamie
Published: April 2017

We examine how national targets change with time and show that no consistent pattern exists across all countries examined for this article during the 1980–2013 period. Instead, countries fall into different trend types including constant, increasing, and decreasing national targets with time. We found that level of coverage is one likely factor in determining the national target of a country, where countries with low coverage levels set lower national targets compared to countries with high levels of coverage. In general, most countries set ambitious national targets that require the future rate of change to be more than 20% greater than the current rate. Setting ambitious targets is related to greater progress in increasing coverage, as long as the national target does not require countries to more than triple their current rate of change. Changes in national standards of safe water were shown to have occurred, where improved technology type was not used in national standards in 1994 but was present in 2011 and 2013. Comparison of national and international targets suggests that international targets may influence national targets, with approximately 70% of countries having national targets equal to, higher than, or converging towards international targets.
Roles of the Water Court and the State Engineer for water administration in Colorado
Authors: McIntyre William C. , Mays David C.
Published: April 2017

Colorado manages water using an administrative structure that is unique among the United States following the doctrine of prior appropriation: Water rights are adjudicated not by the State Engineer, but by Water Courts – separate from and operating in parallel to the criminal and civil courts – established specifically for this purpose. Fundamental to this system is the notion that water rights are property, with consequent protections under the US Constitution, but with the significant constraint that changes in water rights must not injure other water rights, either more senior or more junior. Population growth and climate change will certainly trigger changes in water administration, to be guided by the recent Colorado Water Plan. To provide the foundation necessary to appreciate these changes, this paper reviews the history of Colorado water administration and summarizes the complementary roles of the Water Courts and the State Engineer. Understanding water administration in Colorado depends on a firm grasp on how these two branches of state government formulate and implement water policy.
Systemic insights into agricultural groundwater management: case of Firuzabad Plain, Iran
Authors: Mokhtar Alireza , Aram Sadrollah
Published: April 2017

Groundwater decline poses a significant sustainability challenge in arid and semi-arid areas where groundwater plays a major life sustaining role. Recent years have marked a drastic decrease in the groundwater table (about 1.1 m/yr equivalent to 19.3 million cubic metres) in the Firuzabad Plain, Iran, where policies to restore groundwater have mostly failed. A holistic view is required to manage the basin's water resources, taking into account key biophysical, socio-economic, and political aspects. This paper applies system dynamics simulation as an integrative approach for modeling the causal relationships that drive the long-term system trajectory. Results suggest that increasing groundwater withdrawal is creating limits to growth archetypal behavior. Groundwater stress affects the livelihood of agricultural communities by reducing profitability and resource depletion. Re-establishing regional groundwater balance within the next 30 years requires that irrigation efficiency be improved to reduce net consumptive water use while maintaining the current level of agricultural production.
Heavy metal tolerance and removal potential in mixed-species biofilm
Authors: Grujić Sandra , Vasić Sava , Čomić Ljiljana , Ostojić Aleksandar , Radojević Ivana
Published: May 2017

The aim of the study was to examine heavy metal tolerance (Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+) of single- and mixed-species biofilms (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Escherichia coli) and to determine metal removal efficiency (Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+). Metal tolerance was quantified by crystal violet assay and results were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Metal removal efficiency was determined by batch biosorption assay. The tolerance of the mixed-species biofilm was higher than the single-species biofilms. Single- and mixed-species biofilms showed the highest sensitivity in the presence of Cu2+ (E. coli-MIC 4 mg/ml, R. mucilaginosa-MIC 8 mg/ml, R. mucilaginosa/E. coli-MIC 64 mg/ml), while the highest tolerance was observed in the presence of Zn2+ (E. coli-MIC 80 mg/ml, R. mucilaginosa-MIC 161 mg/ml, R. mucilaginosa-E. coli-MIC 322 mg/ml). The mixed-species biofilm exhibited better efficiency in removal of all tested metals than single-species biofilms. The highest efficiency in Cd2+ removal was shown by the E. coli biofilm (94.85%) and R. mucilaginosa biofilm (97.85%), individually. The highest efficiency in Cu2+ (99.88%), Zn2+ (99.26%) and Pb2+ (99.52%) removal was shown by the mixed-species biofilm. Metal removal efficiency was in the range of 81.56%–97.85% for the single- and 94.99%–99.88% for the mixed-species biofilm.
SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK DAUN PECUT KUDA (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis L. Vahl) TERHADAP LARVA UDANG Artemia salina Leach
Authors: Indrayani Lany , Soetjipto Hartati , Sihasale Lydia
Published: April 2017

Phytochemical screening and Brine Shrimp lethality test of pecut kuda leaf extract had been done against Artemia salina Leach. The aims of this study is to screen potentially bioactive extract of pecut kuda leaf as an effort ti find out the chemical substances responsible for the toxic effect. The Pecut kuda leaves (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, L. Vahl) was extracted by methanol 80 percent, then partitioned successively with hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical screening was done according to Ciulei method (1984). The toxicity effect was tested against A. salina, L (Brine Shrimp Test). The result of phytochemical screening known that compounds in the extract of pecut kuda leaves (S. jamaicensis, L. Vahl), hexane fraction contained of sterol and triterpenes; where the chloroform fraction contained of saponin, sterol, and triterpenes; further more the ethyl acetate fraction contained flavonoid, tannin, saponin, sterol, dan triterpenes. The result of the study shows that several fractions of extract of pecut kuda leaves (S. jamaicensis) hexane fraction, chloroform, and ethyl acetate was toxic because it was able to kill more than 50 percent larva of A. salina, L at the concentration less than 1000 ppm. The LC50 of all fractions of pecut kuda leaves extract (S. jamaicensis, L. Vahl) were shown from the most toxic to the lowest were as followed: LC50 of hexane fraction = 98.33 ppm, of chloroform raction LC50 = 204.17 ppm, and of ethyl acetate fraction LC50 = 249.80 ppm. Finally results of the TLC profile showed that all fraction (hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) indicated that the pecut kuda leaves extract (S. jamaicensis) contained terpenoid compound.
STRUKTUR MIKROSKOPIS KARTILAGO EPIFISIALIS TIBIA FETUS MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) DARI INDUK DENGAN PERLAKUAN KAFEIN
Authors: Santoso Heri Budi
Published: April 2017

Caffeine affects activity of enzyme of polimerase DNA, induce the mitosis of cells mammal of before replication DNA ended the perfection, and also pursue the activity of enzyme fosfodiesterase is hence anticipated by a potential caffeine generate the developmental defect, for example can pursue the process of ossification endochondralis in growth plate. This present research studied the effect of caffeine gift by oral on pregnant dam during organogenesis to structure of histologi growth plate tibia foetus. Twenty four pregnant mice (6 per group) were treated by gavage with 0 (control), 40, 80, 120 mg/kg b.w caffeine from gestation day 6 to 15. On day 18 of pregnancy, fetuses was removed from dams by caecarean section.. Observation of histological structure of the tibial growth plate preparation by paraffin method (Hematoxylin-Eosin staining). The result showed that caffeine cause slightened proliferative zone, maturation zone, and cartilage calcification zone on the mouse tibial growth plate.
ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK KASAR ENZIM BROMELIN DARI BATANG NANAS (Ananas comusus L.merr)
Authors: Herdyastuti Nuniek
Published: April 2017

Brommelain is an enzyme hydrolyze most soluble protein easily and efficiently. This enzyme is used in many industry like food industry. This research aimed to isolation and characterization crude extract brommelain. This enzyme has been extracted from the stems of pineapples to produce crude extract, precipitated with amonium sulfat, and enzyme activity to decided with Bergmeyer methode. The higher activity was 1,996 U/ml in precipitate 40-60 percent amonium sulfat. Optimum temperature and pH to decided temperature and pH variation was detected based on enzyme activity. Characterization to indicate that bromelain has an optimum temperature at 55°C, optimum pH of 7, KM = 5.074 mg/ml and Vmax = 0.666 mg/ml.second.
KONSENTRASI LOGAM BERAT PADA MAKROFAUNA BENTIK DI KEPULAUAN KANGEAN, MADURA
Authors: Aunurohim Aunurohim , Radenac Gilles , Fichet Denis
Published: April 2017

Study of bioaccumulation of heavy metal at species of macrofauna benthic in Kangean’s archipelago, Madura have been done at February 2004. This study was conducted in the effort data base compiling bioaccumulation of heavy metal, especially in Indonesia. As one of part of “Mussel Watch” program what have been executed by cleft of world angle. Kangean’s archipelago has been selected because its situation was very cloistered and far from modern industrial activity, and also inexistence of data about heavy metal’s accumulation at macrofauna benthic. Sampling has been done in 2 station around island Arjasa (subdivision Arjasa), precisely in Erreng at 6°53’00” S and 115°14’26’’ E and Bilis-Bilis at 6°50’45’’ S and 115°14’54’’ E. Sampling has been conducted by using method of direct collection, and then treated in laboratory to analysis by AAS Spectra AA 250 plus of method flame. Species of Nassarius globosus, Anadara Scapha (big) and Saccostrea cucullata accumulate highest metal of Cu, Cd and Zn (in successively) 192,53 154.65 μg/g dry weight, 13.30 1.55 μg/g dry weight, and 1816.02 367.28 μg/g dry weight.
THE ROLE OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN THE MECHANISM OF HUMAN SPERM MOTILITY REGULATION
Authors: Sudjarwo Sudjarwo , Hinting Aucky , Zaini Noor Cholies
Published: April 2017

Energy synthesis for sperm motility in the mitochondria with enzymatic reactions in nucleus and mitochondria is called Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in which the respiratory process is coordinated in nucleus and mitochondria. Enzymes in OXPHOS process are complex enzymes I, III, IV and V in the mitochondria and complex enzyme II in the nucleus. If there is OXPHOS dysfunction, the mutation of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) will decrease energy (ATP, Adenosine Triphosphate) production and increase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The characteristics of ROS are oxidant for lipid, protein and DNA, and all these reactions lead to the dysfunction of OXPHOS and, in the spermatozoa, they will decrease motility. The detection of ROS, Malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and sperm motility can use Chemiluminicense method, Spectroflourometric method, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method and Markler method, respectively, as World Health Organization (WHO) Procedures Laboratory. These results indicated there was significant indirect correlation between ROS with sperm motility and direct correlation between ROS with MDA, 8-OH-dG.