bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of background speech on attentive sound processing: A pupil dilation study
Authors: Ríos López Paula , Widmann Andreas , Bidet-Caulet Aurélie , Wetzel Nicole
Published: August 2021

Listening to task-irrelevant speech while performing a cognitive task can involuntarily deviate our attention and lead to decreases in performance. One explanation for the impairing effect of irrelevant speech is that semantic processing can consume attentional resources. In the present study, we tested this assumption by measuring performance in a non-linguistic attentional task while participants were exposed to meaningful (native) and non-meaningful (foreign) speech. Moreover, based on the tight relation between pupillometry and attentional processes, we also registered changes in pupil diameter size to quantify the effect of meaningfulness upon attentional allocation. To these aims, we recruited 41 native German speakers who had neither received formal instruction in French nor had extensive informal contact with this language. The focal task consisted of an auditory oddball task. Participants performed a duration discrimination task containing frequently repeated standard sounds and rarely presented deviant sounds while a story was read in German or (non-meaningful) French in the background. Our results revealed that, whereas effects of language meaningfulness on attention were not detectable at the behavioural level, participants’ pupil dilated more in response to the sounds of the auditory task when background speech was played in non-meaningful French compared to German, independent of sound type. In line with the initial hypothesis, this suggested that semantic processing of the native language required attentional resources, which lead to fewer resources devoted to the processing of the sounds of the focal task. Our results highlight the potential of the pupil dilation response for the investigation of subtle cognitive processes that might not surface when only behaviour is measured.
Performance Criteria-based Effect Size (PCES) Measurement of Single-case Experimental Designs: A Real-World Data Study
Authors: Aydin Orhan , Tanious René
Published: August 2021

Visual analysis and nonoverlap-based effect sizes are predominantly used in analyzing single case experimental designs (SCEDs). Although they are popular analytical methods for SCEDs, they have certain limitations. In this study, a new effect size calculation model for SCEDs, named performance criteria-based effect size (PCES), is proposed considering the limitations of four nonoverlap-based effect size measures, widely accepted in the literature and blend well with visual analysis. In the field test of PCES, actual data from published studies were utilized, and the relationship between PCES, visual analysis, and the four nonoverlap-based methods was examined. In determining the data to be used in the field test, 1,012 tiers (AB phases) were identified from four journals, which have the highest frequency of SCEDs studies, published between 2015 and 2019. The findings revealed a weak or moderate relationship between PCES and nonoverlap-based methods due to its focus on performance criteria. Although PCES has some weaknesses, it promises to eliminate the causes that may create issues in nonoverlap-based methods, using quantitative data to determine socially significant changes in behavior and complement visual analysis.
Linguistic measures of psychological distance track symptom levels and treatment outcomes in a large set of psychotherapy transcripts
Authors: Nook Erik C , Hull Thomas Derrick , Nock Matthew , Somerville Leah
Published: August 2021

Using language to distance oneself from negative stimuli (e.g., by reducing use of the word “I” and present-tense verbs) is associated with effective emotion regulation. Given that internalizing disorders like anxiety and depression are characterized by maladaptive emotion regulation, stronger linguistic distance may be both a diagnostic marker of lower internalizing symptoms and a prognostic indicator of treatment progress. Here, we tested these hypotheses in a large corpus of naturalistic psychotherapeutic exchanges between clients and their therapists (> 1.2 million messages from 6,229 clients). In both exploratory (N=3,729) and validation (N=2,500) datasets, we found that clients’ internalizing symptoms decreased over therapy, that client linguistic distance increased over therapy, and that internalizing symptoms tracked fluctuations in linguistic distance both within- and between-individuals. In other words, clients shifted from discussing themselves and the present moment to discussing other people and timepoints over treatment, and this psycholinguistic shift was related to symptom reductions. However, effect sizes for linguistic results were small, and we failed to find consistent evidence that linguistic distance statistically mediated changes in symptoms over time. Finally, clustering analyses revealed that data-driven groups of clients defined based solely on their linguistic distance differed in both their symptom severity and treatment outcomes. Together, these findings provide replicable evidence that linguistic distance is a marker of internalizing symptom severity and treatment progress in real-world therapeutic interactions.
Testing the limits of structural thinking about gender
Authors: Yang Xin , Naas Ragnhild , Dunham Yarrow
Published: August 2021

When seeking to explain social regularities (such as gender differences in the labor market) people often rely on internal features of the targets, frequently neglecting structural and systemic factors external to the targets. For example, people might think women leave the job market after childbirth because they are less competent or are better suited for child-rearing than men, thereby eliding socio-cultural and economic factors that disadvantage women. Across two studies (total N = 192) we probe 4- and 5-year-olds’ and 7- and 8-year-olds’ internal versus structural reasoning about gender. We explore the evaluative and behavioral implications of this reasoning process with both novel gendered behaviors that were experimentally created and familiar gendered behaviors that exist outside of a lab context. We show that children generate more structural explanations, evaluate the structural explanation more positively, expect behaviors to be more mutable, and evaluate gender non-conforming behaviors more positively when structural cues are provided. However, we also show that such information may be of limited effectiveness at reducing pre-existing group-based discriminatory behaviors: children continue to report less willingness to affiliate with peers who display non-conforming behaviors even in the presence of structural cues. Taken together, these results provide evidence concerning children’s structural reasoning about gender categories and shed new light on how such reasoning might affect social evaluations and behavioral intentions.
Virtual reality reduces COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the wild
Authors: Vandeweerdt Clara , Luong Tiffany , Atchapero Michael , Mottelson Aske , Holz Christian , Makransky Guido , Böhm Robert
Published: August 2021

Background. Vaccine hesitancy poses one of the biggest threats to global health. Informing people about the collective benefit of vaccination due to community immunity has great potential in increasing vaccination intentions. Novel communication formats are needed to increase people’s interest in and engagement with such information, boosting the intervention’s effectiveness. This research investigates the potential for virtual reality (VR) to strengthen participants’ understanding of community immunity, and therefore, their intention to get vaccinated.Methods and Findings. In this pre-registered lab-in-the-field intervention study, participants (n= 222) were recruited in a public park. They either experienced the collective benefit of community immunity in a gamified immersive virtual reality environment (2/3 of sample), or received the same information via text and images (1/3 of sample). Before and after the intervention, participants indicated their intention to take up a hypothetical vaccine for a new COVID-19 strain (0–100 scale) and belief in vaccination as a collective responsibility (1–7 scale). After the VR treatment, for participants with imperfect vaccination intention, intention increases by 9.3 points (95% CI:7.0 to 11.5, p <0.001). The text-and-image treatment increases vaccination intention by 3.3 points (difference in effects: 5.8, 95% CI: 2.0 to 9.5, p= 0.003). The VR treatment also increases collective responsibility by 0.82 points (95% CI: 0.37 to 1.27, p <0.001). A key limitation of the study is that it measures vaccination attitudes, but not behavior.Conclusions. VR is an effective tool for increasing vaccination intention, more so than text and images, by eliciting collective responsibility. The results suggest that VR interventions can be applied “in the wild” and may thus provide a complementary method for vaccine advocacy
Cross-sectional associations between wake-time movement behaviour compositions and indicators of mental health among preschool children
Authors: Brown Denver M. Y. , Kwan Matthew , King-Dowling Sara , Cairney John
Published: August 2021

Movement behaviours have been found to be important correlates of health for children and may be particularly important for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) who often experience greater mental health problems. To date, however, little research has investigated the daily movement composition of preschool children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and/or its association with mental health. The purpose of the current study was to: 1) examine whether differences in movement compositions (i.e., sedentary time, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous activity) exist between typically developing (TD) preschool-age children and those at risk for DCD (rDCD); and 2) investigate associations between movement compositions and mental health indicators. This cross-sectional study used the baseline cohort data from the Coordination and Activity Tracking in CHildren (CATCH) study. A total of 589 preschool-age children (Mage = 4.94 ± 0.59 years; 57.4% boys) were included in this analysis, of which 288 were classified as rDCD. Wake time movement behaviours were measured using accelerometers and parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist to assess their child’s mental health (i.e., internalizing and externalizing problems). Compositional data analysis techniques were used. After adjusting for potential confounders, the results demonstrated similar movement compositions between TD and rDCD children. Among the full sample, findings revealed a significant association between sedentary time and externalizing problems, however, each of the other associations did not reach statistical significance. These results are consistent with emerging evidence demonstrating similar patterns of physical activity and sedentary time among TD children and those classified as rDCD during the preschool years. Although movement behaviours explained little variance in mental health during this period, future research should investigate when movement compositions diverge, and how these changes may impact the mental health of TD children and those classified as rDCD later in childhood.
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) anatomical, physiological, biochemical and production responses to drought stress - A mini-review essay
Authors: Massimi M.
Published: August 2021

The cultivated plant climate association in agricultural yields is getting expanded consideration with regards to changing climatic conditions. Abiotic stressors can lead to morpho-anatomical, physiological, and biochemical alterations in harvests, resulting in a significant loss of profit. A comprehension of ecological elements and their communication with physiological cycles is critical for improving agricultural practices. Drought stress is among the main natural factor affecting plant development, growth, and yield measures. Assessing the impact of environmental change and atmospheric variability on tomato crop output will require a thorough understanding of this stress element. The physiology, development, improvement, yield, and quality of the tomato crop are all affected by dry season stress. This mini-review essay presents the most prominent features about the effects of drought stress on tomato crop plant physiology and production, with specific highlighting for the complex relationship between drought stress, and nutrients uptake.
Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of cabbage in Ghana
Authors: Asomah S. , Paarechuga Anankware J. , Remember Adjei R.
Published: August 2021

A field experiment was conducted at Dormaa Ahenkro, Ghana, to determine the impact of inorganic and organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of cabbage. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment treatment comprises of sole application of poultry manure (PM), NPK 15:15:5, the combined application of poultry manure and NPK fertilizer (PM+NPK) and the control (no fertilizer). Data was collected on the number of leaves, stem girth, plant height, head diameter, head weight and edible head weight. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) among all the treatments. The combined application of PM+NPK recorded the highest values for all the parameters measured. From the results obtained farmers should consider the combined application of PM and NPK to maximize yield on their farm.
The ımportance of art therapy ın the qualıty of lıfe ın hemodıalysıs patıents
Authors: Parmaksız Ergün , Demirbilek Hüseyin
Published: August 2021

Dialysis causes many psycho-social problems in patients with chronic renal failure and decreases their quality of life by increasing their anxiety. We aimed to determine the influence of artistic activities on quality of life and reducing or eliminating dialysis anxiety.Methods. Among 180 hemodialysis patients, 8 patients were randomly selected as a study group and 8 patients as a control group. We performed our theater rehearsals in 16 sessions, two hours per week. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), STAII and  Social Anxiety Scales (SAS) were employed in both groups before and after the play. Results. The means of the eighth-month SAS fear and avoidance measures of the study group were found to be significantly lower than the control group and significantly lower than the baseline. The mean difference of the initial eighth-month SAS fear and avoidance in the study group was statistically significantly higher than the control group.Initial and eighth month SAS fear and avoidance difference averages of the study group were found statistically significantly higher than the control group.Conclusions. We determined that the therapies to be done with art have an important place in relieving or reducing anxiety in hemodialysis patients. In addition, it was the opinion that our patients would make positive contributions to their quality of life. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate whether theater rehearsals reduce anxiety in hemodialysis patients.
Evaluatıon of effects of bupıvacaıne and ısoflurane on pancreas damage after renal ıschemıa-reperfusıon ınjury: An experımental study
Authors: Erbesler Zeynel Abidin , Ulcay Tufan
Published: August 2021

Recent studies have shown that renal ischemia-reperfusion injury can have detrimental effects on distant organs such as the brain, liver and lungs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury on pancreatic functions.

Materials and Methods. Twenty four male adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Sham and control group animals were not given any medications. Animals in groups 3 and 4 were treated with epidural bupivacaine and isoflurane inhalation. Animals in all groups except for the sham group were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 45 minutes and subsequent reperfusion. Blood samples were collected before ischemia, immediately after reperfusion and 2h after reperfusion. Serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, amylase and lipase levels were measured, and pancreatic sections were histopathologically examined for the presence and severity of congestion, degenerative cellular changes, cytoplasmic vacuolization and leukocytic infiltration. Levels of malondialdehyde, endogenous antioxidant enzyme catalase and reduced glutathione were measured in pancreatic tissue sections by using colorimetric kits.

Results. Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels increased in rats subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion. There was no difference between the groups in terms of pancreatic tissue malondialdehyde, catalase and glutathione levels.

Conclusion. In conclusion, bilateral renal ischemia for 45 minutes led to significant impairment in pancreatic function and changes in pancreas histology. These findings might be due to antioxidant deficiency and increased lipid peroxidation in pancreatic tissue.
Plasma oxalic acid as a trigger for oxidative processes in end-stage renal disease patients
Authors: Korol L. , Stepanova N. , Vasylchenko V. , Snisar L. , Lebid L. , Kolesnyk M.
Published: August 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in oxidative stress markers according to the concentration of plasma oxalic acid (POx) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.

Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study involving 72 ESRD patients and 30 relatively healthy individuals who served as a control reference group for evaluation of POx concentration. Among ESRD patients there were 32 hemodialysis (HD) patients and 40 peritoneal dialysis (PD). POx concentration was measured spectrophotometrically using a commercially available kit (MAK315, Sigma, Spain). Malonic dialdehyde (MDA), ceruloplasmin (CP), transferrin (TR), sulfhydryl groups (SH-groups), antioxidant blood capacity (AOC) and total peroxidase activity of erythrocytes (TPA) were measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated in all examined patients.

Results. A significant increase in POx concentration was observed in ESRD patients compared with healthy volunteers (p < 0.0001). The concentrations of MDA in serum, OSI in erythrocytes and serum of the examined patients were gradually increased, while serum levels of CP, AOC, SH-groups and TPA in erythrocytes, on the contrary, were decreased in accordance with the increasing trend of POx concentrations. Correlation analysis demonstrated a statistically significant direct relationship between POx concentration and MDA (r = 0.57; p <0.0001) and OSI (r = 0.64; p <0.0001). The inverse correlation was determined between POx and antioxidant markers: CP (r = -0.35; p = 0.007), SH-groups in serum (r = -0.3; p = 0.04) and erythrocytes (r = -0.53 ; p <0.0001).

Conclusions. The intensity of oxidative-antioxidant balance disorders in the blood of ESRD patients has been associated with the POx concentration: the higher the concentration of POx was the more active oxidative processes and the more pronounced lack of antioxidant protective factors occurred. Further studies are needed to determine the role of POx in the initiation of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in ESRD patients.
Mechanisms for supporting "Green Finance" in the world practice and in Kazakhstan
Authors: Urazgalieva М.A. , Kalaganova N.K. , Lygina O.I. , Rykova I.A.
Published: August 2021

Object: To study the necessity of strengthen the role of "Green" financing in the economy of Kazakhstan, the most successful examples of financing and implementation of tools to support "Green" projects in more developed countries. Accordingly, the subject of the study is the financing of the "Green" economy in the world practice and in Kazakhstan.Methods: Abstract-logical, system analysis, comparative analysis.Findings: As a result of the study, development state of "Green" financing in Kazakhstan is assessed and the experiences of advanced countries are identified. Thus, in the course of analysis more advanced countries were identified, such as China, Korea, the United Kingdom, Canada and others, which have made some progress in the release of " Green tools implementation of electricity production from renewable sources, recycling of household waste and reduction of biodegradable landfills and formation of targeted environmental investment funds, etc. Obtained results indicate that Kazakhstan has not sufficiently addressed the aspects of economy related to sources of "Green" financing that contribute preservation of environmental quality in conditions of financial resources shortage and bringing it in line with the principles of sustainable development of the country. Also, the issue of "Green economy" is not sufficiently activated, which covers such categories as "Green" economy, "Green" credit, "Green" thinking, etc.The reached conclusions outlined in the study framework are in general nature, we simply set the task-to find out the current situation on this issue and continue to rethink the modern concepts of scientific approaches in this area.Conclusions: The development of Green finance in Kazakhstan and government support the Green incentives should be aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of the Green economy through:- creating an effective mechanism for implementing "Green" finance;- formation of management system for development of "Green" finance and its consolidation in legislative and regulatory acts.
Development of methodological foundations for the development and implementation of the state policy of reindustrialization of regional systems
Authors: Aimagambetov Ye.B. , Ignatyuk A.I. , Amirova G.N. , Borisova Ye.I.
Published: August 2021

Object: The purpose of the study is to substantiate methodological issues of state policy and modeling of the dynamic development of regional systems as an inseparable triad "ecology-society-economy" in the conditions of various stages of reindustrialization.Methods: methods of system analysis and economic synthesis of reindustrialization factors and assessment of their impact on the development of ecological and socio-economic systems are used, which will increase the effectiveness of state policy and management decisions in the field of scientific, technical, industrial and environmental policies.Results: The developed methodology for assessing the state and dynamics of the development of ecological and socio-economic systems is a tool for further, more in-depth analysis of the development problems of the countries that are part of the EAEU zone, in solving which it is impossible to do without the use of methods of state regulation of the economy. It is established that socio-economic policy and the organizational, economic, and managerial mechanisms by which it is implemented have a significant impact on development. In this regard, it is important not only to determine the degree of efficiency of the use of available resources, but also to what extent and how to make up for their lack. The presence or absence of effective policies is reflected in the reduction or growth of barriers to development.Conclusions: Recommendations on the choice of reindustrialization options are as follows:- systematic consideration of three interrelated elements: realization of industrial potential, effective use of labor resources, ensuring normal working conditions and effective employment of the population; advanced development of infrastructure;- consideration of environmental effects directly related to the process of re-industrialization; a retrospective study of the industrial development of the territory is the most important source of information for the development of directions for the allocation of productive forces;- decision-making is based on taking into account social, economic, natural and technological criteria indicators, which provide for compliance with the principle of coordinating the interests of the subjects of reindustrialization, taking into account social priorities.
Evaluation of selection material and forecasting of heterosis in the early stages of sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris l.) Plants
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Klyachenko O.L.
Published: August 2021

To conduct successful selective work aimed at high-yielding sugar beet hybrid creation, it is important to study the source material, its diversity and economically valuable features and patterns of their inheritance. The physiological approach and the development of ways to improve and estimate the population, based on physiological and biochemical indicators contribute to a deeper understanding of the production process. Therefore, the main goal of our work was to conduct a comparative physiological and biochemical evaluation of the production process of different sugar beet genotypes. Research objects were the MS hybrids with different combining ability and inbred lines of the I1 – I4 sugar beet generation. Research methods: physiological, biochemical and statistical. Genotypic features of multi-seeded diploid pollinators by physiological and biochemical parameters of individual metabolic links in the early stages of plant ontogenesis were established and the influence of inbreeding on photosynthetic productivity of plants was revealed. In simple MS hybrids obtained with the participation of combinational (by sugar content) O-type line comparing to one MS tester, a high positive heterosis in PHA and sugar content and a positive correlation between those traits were found. In hybrid combinations created by crossing combinational diploid pollinators compared to one MS tester showed positive heterosis in leaf surface area, chlorophyll content (a + b) and sucrose in the roots.
Ecological monitoring of livestock complexes on groundwater quality (on the example of the pig breeding farm № 11 JV LLC "Nyva Pereiaslavschyny")
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Serdiuk V. , Maksin V. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: August 2021

Agriculture, especially livestock, is rated as one of the most polluting industries in the world. In the other hand there is a modern approach to the technology implementation, and is this true that with its usage the impact on the environment is so critical and inevitably leads to environmental catastrophe. It is important to investigate and scientifically substantiate the impact of modern livestock complexes on the environment, especially on groundwater resources objectively,. And only after a number of studies conducted on pig farms with a capacity of 30 and 50 thousand heads per year it would be possible to determine next: is livestock an object of ultra-intensive pollution, or it is an object that does not have a significant negative impact on the environment and is also an economic and food lever of the country. The research was conducted on the example of the company JV LLC "NYVA PEREIASLAVSCHYNY" that is located in two districts of Kyiv region – Brovarskyi and Boryspilskyi. The sanitary protection zone size is 1500 meters to the nearest residential development (MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE, 1996). Projects to reduce the sanitary protection zone have not been developed as there is no need for it. Research of water quality was performed according to State Sanitary Regulations and Rules “Hygienic Requirements to Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption” “2.2.4-171-10” (State Water Agency of Ukraine, 2010). It was conducted on samples that were taken from 4 artesian wells that are located on the territory of the pig breeding farm № 11. The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the pig breeding farm’s № 11 activity on the underground aquifer and surface water body. To reach this target water samples were collected according to the requirements established in the conclusion on environmental impact assessment from wells in the villages and river. Studies that were conducted during 2020 showed that the quality of water in wells meets the requirements for drinking water. Water samples from wells and ponds showed deviations from the norm up to 10 times. Previous studies did not set a negative impact of the pig breeding farm № 11 on groundwater quality.
Ecological evaluation of aquatic microorganisms role in xenobiotics transformation with the reference to the Black sea
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Pavlovska M. , Solomenko I. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Prekrasna I.E. ,   State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center Ministry of Education and Science
Published: August 2021

The present analytical review is dedicated to the current perspective of the issue of the Black sea xenobiotics pollution. The Black sea is extremely vulnerable to pollution impact, as it is a semi-closed water-body under the influence of significant inflow from the Danube, Dnipro and Dnister rivers. According to the recent data from the UNDP EMBLAS project 80 types of organic pollutants were identified in the Black Sea water samples. Those included 17 pesticides with the concentration above the safety thresholds both in the offshore and in the coastal waters. It has been previously shown that xenobiotics’ inflow results in taxonomic and functional shift of microbial communities inhabiting aquatic environment. Microbial-mediated degradation and biological pump control the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons’ flux in marine ecosystems, which prevents their accumulation in the food web. The data on xenobiotics pollution in both water column and sediments is summarized in the present review. The recent studies targeting the microbial communities’ role in biotransformation and translocation of substances with xenobiotic behavior are analyzed. The significance and topicality of the case-studies focusing on aquatic microbial communities functional response towards xenobiotics’ pollution is highlighted and the Black Sea ecosystem is suggested as the plausible example for addressing the above mentioned issues
A new species of Tympanogryllus Gor. from the Solomon Islands (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)
Authors: Gorochov A.V.
Published: August 2021

Tympanogryllus solomonicus sp. n. from the Solomon Is. is described. It differs distinctly from all other congeners in the shape and venation of tegmina as well as in the structure of the male genitalia.
Síndrome de Wolf-Hirschhorn por translocación: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Alvarenga Eliana , Torres Elodia
Published: August 2021

El síndrome de Wolf-Hirschhorn (WHS) es una enfermedad genética causada por la pérdida de una porción distal en el brazo corto del cromosoma 4 que se caracteriza porque los pacientes presentan un rasgo craneofacial típico. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 7 meses de vida con malformaciones diversas y alimentación nasogástrica, para la realización de las técnicas de Hibridación in situ fluorescente (FISH) y cariotipo. Por FISH se detectó la microdeleción del brazo corto del cromosoma 4, región p16.3 y en el cariotipo se observó una translocación desequilibrada entre el brazo corto del cromosoma 4 y una pieza extra de origen desconocido. A fin de determinar el origen de la translocación, se realizó el estudio cromosómico a los padres, con resultados normales. Este caso revela la necesidad de la realización del FISH en pacientes con múltiples malformaciones y sospecha de ser portadores de microdeleción cromosómica.

Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran no poseer conflicto de intereses.

Recibido: 21/10/2020 Aceptado: 03/03/2021
Higher Termination of Brachial Artery in Cadavers in the Department of Anatomy of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khatun Sanzida , Shah Diwakar Kumar
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The main blood supply for arm is provided by the brachial artery. It shows variation in branching and termination patterns in some individuals. Variation in brachial artery may cause difficulties during various clinical and surgical procedures. The present study aims to find out the prevalence of higher termination of brachial artery in cadavers in the department of anatomy of a medical college.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 10th January 2020 to 20th April 2021 after the ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Nobel Medical College (reference number: IRC-NMCTH 280/2020). The study was done in 58 upper limbs of 29 properly embalmed cadavers. Convenient sampling was done. They were carefully dissected. The level of termination of brachial artery was noted. The length of the brachial artery and the distance between its termination and the intercondylar line of humerus was recorded.
Results: Higher termination of brachial artery was observed in 3 (5.17%) extremities; one (1.72%) at middle third of arm and two (3.45%) at lower third of arm. In 52 (89.66%) extremities, the site of termination was at the level of neck of radius. The brachial artery terminated a few centimeters below its usual site at the level of upper part of shaft of the radius in 3 (5.17%) extremities.
Conclusions: The prevalence of higher termination of brachial artery in cadavers is slightly lower than the studies performed in similar settings. It is not an uncommon finding. It may have impact on clinical and surgical procedures.
Protection of our Future Generation: Use of Face Masks in Children amidst COVID-19 Era
Authors: Gyawali Mallika
Published: August 2021

During the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) crisis, the universal use of face masks in addition to hand washing and practicing safe distancing is recommended worldwide. Children, like adults, also get infected through direct contact or airborne droplets. Face masks efficiently prevent respiratory droplet transmissions. However, asking children to wear face masks can be challenging and may have potential advantages and disadvantages. In this viewpoint, we discuss the effectiveness of face mask usage in children and its associated challenges, myths, advantages, and disadvantages.
Hypertension among Young Adults with Ischemic Stroke of a Tertiary Care Centre in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kafle Dilli Ram , Jha Sudhakar
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Ischemic strokes in young patients have been increasing. Younger patients with ischemic stroke tend to have a different long-term prognosis than older patients. Young patients who have residual neurological deficits following ischemic stroke affect their quality of life. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of hypertension among patients with ischemic stroke in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in all the patients who were admitted with young ischemic stroke in the Department of Neurology, Nobel Medical College Biratnagar from December 2019 to December 2020 after taking ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (reference number: 332/2019). Convenience sampling was done and data was collected, entered in Microsoft Excel, and analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Science software version 16. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of the total patients with ischemic stroke in the young adults 30 (40%) (95% Confidence Interval= 28.91-51.08) had hypertension. During follow-up at 6 months, 20 (66.7%) of the patients with hypertension had favorable outcomes with a Modified Rankin Score of 0 or 1. Death during a hospital stay or during follow-up was observed in 2 (7%) of patients with hypertension. Mean age of the patients was 40±4.87 years. Most patients were in the age range of 36-45, 24 (80%).
Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension among young patients with ischemic stroke was high compared to other studies.
Urinary Incontinence among Pregnant Women in Third Trimester of Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Poudel Atit , Dangal Ganesh , Shrestha Madhu
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is an involuntary passage of urine. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of urinary incontinence among pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy at a tertiary care center.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center fromMarch 2021 to May 2021. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board(reference number: 854/2077/78). Convenience sampling method was used. A descriptive analysis of socio-demographic profile and urinary incontinence symptoms were recorded on International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence-Short Form questionnaire and analysis were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 27. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Among 277 pregnant women admitted in the antenatal ward, urinary incontinence was present in 26 (9.4%) (95% Confidence Interval= 5.96-12.84). Among them, stress urinary incontinence 16 (61%) was most common followed by mixed incontinence 6 (23%). Majority of them 18 (69.3%) had small leaks with almost all 25 (96.2%) having only a mild to moderate impact on the quality of life. Majority 197 (71.2%) had features of lower urinary tract syndrome.
Conclusions: Our study showed similar prevalence of urinary incontinence compared to other international studies.
Depression in Patients with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Acharya Mukti
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Alcohol dependence syndrome is an important and major public health issue seen in our community and health center. It is mostly associated with different mental health problems and psychiatric co-morbidities. This study aims to find out the prevalence of depression among alcohol dependence syndrome in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over one year from April 15, 2020, to February 15, 2021 at a tertiary care hospital. The ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of Nobel Medical College (reference number: 409/2020). Convenience sampling method was used. The patients admitted for alcohol use and related problems in the Psychiatry Department, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar were included. Data entry was done using Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Packages of Social Sciences Version 16.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage.
Results: The prevalence of depression in patients with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome was 17 (16.3%) (95% Confidence Interval= 9.20-23.39) . The patients suffering from depressive disorder male and female were 16 (94.1%) and 1 (5.8%) respectively. The participants with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome with no other comorbid psychiatric disorders were found to be 60 (57.7%).
Conclusions: Psychiatric comorbidity was found to be common in alcohol dependent people among which depression was found to be most common.
Mean Evan's Index among Patients with Normal Computed Tomography Scan visiting Radiology Department in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Koirala Sagar , Agrawal Prity , Bishokarma Suresh , Shrestha Pratyush
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Evan's index is useful to objectively see if ventricles size is abnormal especially in borderline cases of hydrocephalus. Studying ventricular size in CT scan is essential in every pathology of the brain. Use of objective parameters to define hydrocephalus helps us not only to diagnose a case but also follow up the case following treatment. The aim of this study was to find out the mean even index among patients visiting the department of radiology of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from 1st january 2020 to 31st December 2020. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of Upendra Devkota Memorial Neurological and Allied Sciences (reference number: 116/2021). Computed tomography scans were done for various reasons in the hospital over a one year period and reported normal by the radiologists were included in the study. Convenient sampling was done. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with mean and standard deviation for continuous data.
Results: In this study, among the 216 cases, the mean Evan’s index was found to be 0.20±0.04.
Conclusions: The mean evan’s index in our study population was lower than the normal cut-off value.
Sądy i sędziowie w nauczaniu papieża Franciszka
Authors: Maroń Grzegorz
Published: August 2021

W artykule przybliżono i poddano analizie poglądy papieża Franciszka na temat świeckiego wymiaru sprawiedliwości. Przedstawiono wskazania, postulaty czy oczekiwania papieża odnośnie do sędziów i procesu orzeczniczego. Wskazano również te zjawiska i praktyki, które w nauczaniu papieskim zostały uznane za sprzeniewierzające się etosowi sędziego i roli judykatywy. Omówiono podnoszone przez Franciszka wyzwa­nia, przed jakimi stoją współcześnie sądy, w szczególności problem aktywizmu sędziowskiego oraz zagrożeń dla niezależności trzeciej władzy i jej reprezentantów. Ponadto porównawczo nawiązano do zapatrywań po­przedników Franciszka na kwestię sądownictwa. W ocenie autora papieskie nauczanie stanowi źródło war­tościowych uwag w przedmiocie sądów i sędziów, zasługując na szerszy rezonans w środowisku prawniczym w ramach tzw. zewnętrznej integracji prawoznawstwa.
Przebieg i zawieszanie postępowań administracyjnych prowadzonych wobec beneficjentów środków przeznaczonych na realizację programów finansowanych z udziałem środków europejskich w dobie COVID-19 w Polsce
Authors: Klich Aleksandra
Published: August 2021

W opracowaniu zwrócono uwagę na to, że sytuacja związana z COVID-19 dotknęła także beneficjentów funduszy europejskich. W perspektywie finansowej UE 2014–2020 w Polsce funkcjonują liczne krajowe programy operacyjne, w tym. m.in. 16 regionalnych programów operacyjnych realizowanych na poziomie województw (RPO). Celem opracowania jest próba ustalenia dopuszczalnego zakresu funkcjonowania organów administracji publicznej prowadzących w czasie COVID-19 tzw. postępowania zwrotowe wobec beneficjentów środków unijnych, w szczególności w zakresie możliwości ich zawieszania lub wydłużania przewidzianych przepisami prawa terminów na dokonanie określonych czynności. Zwrócono uwagę na dynamizm prac ustawodawcy w tym zakresie, w szczególności analizując postanowienia COVID-19U (tekst jednolity: Dz. U. z 2020 r. poz. 1842) z postanowieniami tzw. specustawy funduszowej (Dz. U. z 2020 r. poz. 694), która miała zapewnić płynną realizację i rozliczanie projektów. Rozważania teoretycznoprawne oparto na doświadczeniu wynikającym ze współpracy z IZ RPO oraz z danymi pochodzącymi z 8 województw realizujących RPO.
Zagadnienia prawnoprocesowe zmiany pozwolenia na budowę
Authors: Sztejna Przemysław Paweł
Published: August 2021

Artykuł dotyczy postępowania w sprawie zmiany pozwolenia na budowę. Jego tematem jest procedura zmiany pozwolenia na budowę oraz relacje pomiędzy przepisami Prawa budowlanego oraz kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego. Artykuł dotyczy zasad obowiązujących inwestorów budowlanych  podczas istotnych odstęp od projektu budowalnego.
Podstawy prawne ochrony informacji stanowiących tajemnicę bankową we Włoszech . Zarys problematyki
Authors: Sagan Marta
Published: August 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych koncepcji dotyczących ochrony informacji stanowiących tajemnicę bankową we włoskim porządku prawnym. Powyższe wymagało przeanalizowania regulacji prawa karnego, cywilnego, konstytucyjnego oraz – co oczywiste – prawa bankowego. Wybór tematu podyktowany został tym, iż pomimo długiej tradycji bankowości oraz istnienia instytucji tajemnicy bankowej we Włoszech, brak w tamtejszych regulacjach prawnych przepisu wprost nakładającego obowiązek jej zachowania. Wywodzony on jest z norm różnych gałęzi prawa i niejednolicie postrzegany przez doktrynę. Brak wyraźnych podstaw prawnych instytucji tajemnicy bankowej przekłada się przede wszystkim na problem określenia jej zakresu, a co za tym idzie, ochrony interesów: publicznego i prywatnego, które mogą okazać się sprzeczne.
Geopolitical factors affecting childhood nutrition: Iraqi case
Authors: Al-Jadiri Huda Sabah , Ali Besmah M. , Al-Diwan Jawad K.
Published: August 2021

In Iraq, child’s health had been deteriorated over three turbulent decades starting from the huge and rapid degradation of the country infrastructure by Iraq –Iran war (1980-1988), Gulf War in 1991, and economic sanction.
Socio-economic conditions of agricultural sector development
Authors: Riabokon Vasyl
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the socio-economic conditions of development of the agricultural sector in order to further improve it. Research methods. During the study, dialectical methods of cognition of processes and phenomena were used, in particular, monographic (analysis of structural changes), empirical (comprehensive assessment of the state of the research object), analysis and synthesis method (analysis of the current state and main trends in the development of the agricultural sector), abstract-logical (theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions). Research results. In the process of studying and analyzing the socio-economic conditions for the development of the agricultural sector, its essence was revealed, the reasons for certain structural changes, problems and reasons for differences in the dynamic development of the agricultural sector were revealed, and specific ways of its improvement were identified. Scientific novelty. The theoretical and practical provisions of the formation and development of the agricultural sector are improved, the role and importance of economic and social factors in the development of the agrarian sector in their dialectical relationship and the priority of each are shown. Practical significance. Specific problems, shortcomings and omissions in the formation and development of the agricultural sector are identified, measures are proposed to eliminate them. Tabl.: 1. Refs.: 24.
Museum pedagogy in scientific education
Authors: Довгий С. О.  , Топузов О. М.  , Бітаєв В. А. 
Published: August 2021

The joint monograph comprehensively reveals the main problems of museum pedagogy in scientific education, determines the interdisciplinary connection of museum pedagogy with different fields and branches of science, contains both theoretical work and practical experience of educational activity of natural sciences, scientific and technical, mineralogical, university as well as art museums of Ukraine.  For scientists, teachers, museum staff and anyone interested in the problem of museum functioning and development in Ukraine.