bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health care experiences of Black cancer survivors: A qualitative study exploring drivers of low and high Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems global ratings of care
Authors: Ochoa‐Dominguez Carol Y. , Garrett Elleyse , Navarro Stephanie , Toledo Gabriela , Rodriguez Claudia , Iyawe‐Parsons Aisa , Farias Albert J.
Published: July 2023

Background

The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of Black patients with cancer in health care by comparing drivers of high and low ratings.

Methods

Semistructured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 18 Black patients with cancer recruited from cancer survivorship support groups and Facebook between May 2019 and March 2020. Interviews were coded across all transcripts by using a thematic analysis approach before comparing low‐ and high‐rating groups.

Results

There were three major themes that influenced whether patients rated their care as low or high, which included the patient–provider relationship, health care staff interactions, and cancer care coordination. For example, the high‐rating group described good communication with the health care team as physicians listening to their needs, being responsive to their concerns, and providing recommendations on how to address side effects. In contrast, the low‐rating group described poor communication with their health care team as their needs being dismissed and being excluded from decision‐making processes. Additionally, there were two distinct themes that influenced patients’ low ratings: insurance and financial toxicity issues and experiences of health care discrimination.

Conclusions

In an effort to promote equitable cancer care experiences for Black patients, it is important that health systems work to prioritize patient interactions with health care providers and staff, comprehensive care management for patients with cancer, and reductions in the financial burden of caring for cancer.
Increasing the Sodium Metal Electrode Compatibility with the Na3PS4 Solid‐State Electrolyte through Heteroatom Substitution
Authors: Bekaert Lieven , Akatsuka Suzuno , Tanibata Naoto , De Proft Frank , Hubin Annick , Mamme Mesfin Haile , Nakayama Masanobu
Published: July 2023

Rechargeable batteries are essential to the global shift towards renewable energy sources and their storage. At present, improvements in their safety and sustainability are of great importance as part of global sustainable development goals. A major contender in this shift are rechargeable solid‐state sodium batteries, as a low‐cost, safe, and sustainable alternative to conventional lithium‐ion batteries. Recently, solid‐state electrolytes with a high ionic conductivity and low flammability have been developed. However, these still face challenges with the highly reactive sodium metal electrode. The study of these electrolyte‐electrode interfaces is challenging from a computational and experimental point of view, but recent advances in molecular dynamics neural‐network potentials are finally enabling access to these environments compared to more computationally expensive conventional ab‐initio techniques. In this study, heteroatom‐substituted Na3PS3X1 analogues, where X is sulfur, oxygen, selenium, tellurium, nitrogen, chlorine, and fluorine, are investigated using total‐trajectory analysis and neural‐network molecular dynamics. It was found that inductive electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating effects, alongside differences in heteroatom atomic radius, electronegativity, and valency, influenced the electrolyte reactivity. The Na3PS3O1 oxygen analogue was found to have superior chemical stability against the sodium metal electrode, paving the way towards high‐performance, long lifetime and reliable rechargeable solid‐state sodium batteries.
Enhanced maternal behaviors in a mouse model of congenital blindness
Authors: Bouguiyoud Nouhaila , Xie Wen Bin , Bronchti Gilles , Frasnelli Johannes , Al Aïn Syrina
Published: July 2023

In mammals, mothering is one of the most important prosocial female behavior to promote survival, proper sensorimotor, and emotional development of the offspring. Different intrinsic and extrinsic factors can initiate and maintain these behaviors, such as hormonal, cerebral, and sensory changes. Infant cues also stimulate multisensory systems and orchestrate complex maternal responsiveness. To understand the maternal behavior driven by complex sensory interactions, it is necessary to comprehend the individual sensory systems by taking out other senses. An excellent model for investigating sensory regulation of maternal behavior is a murine model of congenital blindness, the ZRDBA mice, where both an anophthalmic and sighted mice are generated from the same litter. Therefore, this study aims to assess whether visual inputs are essential to driving maternal behaviors in mice. Maternal behaviors were assessed using three behavioral tests, including the pup retrieval test, the home cage maternal behavior test, and the maternal aggression test. Our results show that blind mothers (1) took less time to retrieve their offspring inside the nest, (2) spent more time nursing and licking their offspring in the second‐ and third‐week postpartum, and (3) exhibited faster aggressive behaviors when exposed to an intruder male, compared to the sighted counterparts. This study provides evidence that congenitally blind mothers show more motivation to retrieve the pups, care, and protection towards their pups than sighted ones, likely due to a phenomenon of sensory compensation.
A descriptive review of the use of organic acids and peracetic acid as a decontaminating strategy for meat
Authors: Rossi Gabriel Augusto Marques , Link Daniella Tosta , Bertolini Amanda Bezerra , Tobias Fernando Luiz , Mioni Mateus de Souza Ribeiro
Published: July 2023

Meat can be a pathogen vehicle, and its spoilage contributes to food insecurity. Besides the importance of adopting good hygienic practices to avoid meat contamination, several decontaminating strategies have been studied. This review discusses the mechanisms of action of organic acids and peracetic acid, the factors that affect their efficacy, and compiles information about their microbiological and sensorial effects on meat. Factors that affect their efficacy include the species of microorganisms, the acid‐susceptibility within the same species, the initial contamination degree, the organic acid used and concentration, pH and volume of solutions, methods of application, contact time, steps of a flowchart where the treatment occurred and quantity of applications, site of carcass/meat treated and tissues composition, and combinations with other decontaminating treatments. Inspite of the amount of available data, the log reductions with their standard deviations and the temperature of solutions applied are rarely presented; and several studies lack information on the pH of the solutions. This strategy will be helpful for industries, contributing to enhanced food security and safety. However, studies for in loco validation must be performed before implementing these treatments.
Functional and structural networks decoupling in generalized tonic–clonic seizures and its reorganization by drugs
Authors: Pei Haonan , Ma Shuai , Yan Wei , Liu Zetao , Wang Yuehan , Yang Zhihuan , Li Qifu , Yao Dezhong , Jiang Sisi , Luo Cheng , Yu Liang
Published: July 2023

Objective

To investigate potential functional and structural large‐scale network disturbances in untreated patients with generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) and the effects of antiseizure drugs.

Methods

In this study, 41 patients with GTCS, comprising 21 untreated patients and 20 patients who received antiseizure medications (ASMs), and 29 healthy controls were recruited to construct large‐scale brain networks based on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Structural and functional connectivity and network‐level weighted correlation probability (NWCP) were further investigated to identify network features that corresponded to response to ASMs.

Results

Untreated patients showed more extensive enhancement of functional and structural connections than controls. Specifically, we observed abnormally enhanced connections between the default mode network (DMN) and the frontal–parietal network. In addition, treated patients showed similar functional connection strength to that of the control group. However, all patients exhibited similar structural network alterations. Moreover, the NWCP value was lower for connections within the DMN and between the DMN and other networks in the untreated patients; receiving ASMs could reverse this pattern.

Significance

Our study identified alterations in structural and functional connectivity in patients with GTCS. The influence of ASMs may be more noticeable within the functional network; moreover, abnormalities in both the functional and structural coupling state may be improved by ASM treatment. Therefore, the coupling state of structural and functional connectivity may be used as an indicator of the efficacy of ASMs.
Clinical characteristics and follow‐up of children with norovirus‐associated benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis
Authors: Shi Kaili , Jiang Daoju , Yang Jiehui , Li Ying , Chen Wenxiong , Li Peiqing
Published: July 2023

Objective

Explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with norovirus (NoV)‐associated benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the Clinical and laboratory data of children with NoV‐associated CwG admitted to the emergency department of Guangzhou Children's Hospital between January 2019 and January 2020. And patients were followed up for 23–36 months.

Results

There are 49 cases met the CwG criteria. Vomiting was the first symptom in 31 (63.3%) patients, and vomiting could be the main or the only gastrointestinal symptom. The mean frequency of seizures was 3.8 ± 2.4 episodes. Most patients (95.9%) experienced seizures that lasted for less than 5 min. Of the 43 (87.8%) cases followed up from 23 to 36 months, only one experienced recurrent convulsions (after rotavirus infection).

Significance

NoV‐associated CwG patients were prone to experiencing more convulsions. However, because most NoV‐associated CwG patients had good prognosis, long‐term use of anticonvulsants are unnecessary.
Knowledge-based Artificial Intelligence for Agroecosystem Carbon Budget and Crop Yield Estimation
Authors: LIU Licheng , Zhou Wang , Guan Kaiyu , Peng Bin , Jiang Chongya , Tang Jinyun , Wang Sheng , Grant Robert , Mezbahuddin Symon , Jia Xiaowei , Xu Shaoming , Kumar Vipin , Jin Zhenong
Published: July 2023

Improving the estimation of CO exchange between the
atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems is critical to reducing the large
uncertainty in the global carbon budget. Large amounts of the
atmospheric CO assimilated by plants return to the
atmosphere by ecosystem respiration (Reco), including plant autotrophic
respiration (Ra) and soil microbial heterotrophic respiration (Rh).
However, Ra and Rh are challenging to be estimated at large regional
scales because of the limited understanding of the complex interactions
among physical, chemical, and biological processes and the resulting
high spatio-temporal dynamics. Traditional approaches for estimating
Reco including process-based (PB) models are limited by human knowledge
resulting in limited accuracy and efficiency. Accumulation of the
in situ observation of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), weather, and
soil, and satellite data of GPP, LAI and soil moisture make it possible
for applying data driven machine learning (ML) approaches. But the ML
model approach has disadvantages of omission of domain knowledge and
lack of interpretability. Here we propose a novel knowledge guided
machine learning (KGML) method for predicting daily Ra and Rh in the US
crop fields. With Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) as the basis, we develop
the KGML models constructing the hierarchical structure of ML with a
mass balance constraint. The KGML models were pre-trained using
synthetic data generated by an advanced agroecosystem model, ecosys, and
re-trained with real-world FLUXNET observation data. We extrapolate the
best KGML model to crop fields over the US with the help of satellite
data, reanalysis climate forcings, and soil database to reveal the
spatio-temporal variations and key controlling factors. We believe this
study advances the interpretable machine learning concept for carbon
cycle estimation and will shed light on many other process-based
biogeochemistry research.
The somatic p.T81dup variant in AKT3 gene underlies a mild cerebral phenotype and expands the spectrum including capillary malformation and lateralized overgrowth
Authors: Luca Maria , Piglionica Marilidia , Bagnulo Rosanna , Cardaropoli Simona , Carli Diana , Turchiano Antonella , Coppo Paola , Pantaleo Antonino , Iacoviello Matteo , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Mussa Alessandro , Resta Nicoletta
Published: July 2023

Heterozygous germline or somatic variants in AKT3 gene can cause isolated malformations of cortical development (MCDs) such as focal cortical dysplasia, megalencephaly (MEG), Hemimegalencephaly (HME), dysplastic megalencephaly, and syndromic forms like megalencephaly‐polymicrogyria‐polydactyly‐hydrocephalus syndrome, and megalencephaly‐capillary malformation syndrome. This report describes a new case of HME and capillary malformation caused by a somatic AKT3 variant that differs from the common p.E17K variant described in literature. The patient's skin biopsy from the angiomatous region revealed an heterozygous likely pathogenic variant AKT3:c.241_243dup, p.(T81dup) that may affect the binding domain and downstream pathways. Compared to previously reported cases with a common E17K mosaic variant, the phenotype is milder and patients showed segmental overgrowth, an uncommon characteristic in AKT3 variant cases. These findings suggest that the severity of the disease may be influenced not only by the level of mosaicism but also by the type of variant. This report expands the phenotypic spectrum associated with AKT3 variants and highlights the importance of genomic analysis in patients with capillary malformation and MCDs.
Spatiotemporal profile of atrophy in the first year following moderate‐severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Brennan Daniel J. , Duda Jeffrey , Ware Jeffrey B. , Whyte John , Choi Joon Yul , Gugger James , Focht Kristen , Walter Alexa E. , Bushnik Tamara , Gee James C. , Diaz‐Arrastia Ramon , Kim Junghoon J.
Published: July 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers progressive neurodegeneration resulting in brain atrophy that continues months‐to‐years following injury. However, a comprehensive characterization of the spatial and temporal evolution of TBI‐related brain atrophy remains incomplete. Utilizing a sensitive and unbiased morphometry analysis pipeline optimized for detecting longitudinal changes, we analyzed a sample consisting of 37 individuals with moderate‐severe TBI who had primarily high‐velocity and high‐impact injury mechanisms. They were scanned up to three times during the first year after injury (3 months, 6 months, and 12 months post‐injury) and compared with 33 demographically matched controls who were scanned once. Individuals with TBI already showed cortical thinning in frontal and temporal regions and reduced volume in the bilateral thalami at 3 months post‐injury. Longitudinally, only a subset of cortical regions in the parietal and occipital lobes showed continued atrophy from 3 to 12 months post‐injury. Additionally, cortical white matter volume and nearly all deep gray matter structures exhibited progressive atrophy over this period. Finally, we found that disproportionate atrophy of cortex along sulci relative to gyri, an emerging morphometric marker of chronic TBI, was present as early as 3 month post‐injury. In parallel, neurocognitive functioning largely recovered during this period despite this pervasive atrophy. Our findings demonstrate msTBI results in characteristic progressive neurodegeneration patterns that are divergent across regions and scale with the severity of injury. Future clinical research using atrophy during the first year of TBI as a biomarker of neurodegeneration should consider the spatiotemporal profile of atrophy described in this study.
Rift valley fever (RVF) viral zoonotic disease steadily circulates in the Mauritanian animals and humans: A narrative review
Authors: Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Kutikuppala Lakshmi V. S. , Kandi Venkataramana , Mishra Snehasish , Rabaan Ali A. , Costa Sharo , Al‐qaim Zahraa Haleem , Padhi Bijaya K. , Sah Ranjit
Published: July 2023

Background and Aim

Rift valley fever (RVF) virus (RVFV) is reportedly steadily circulating in Mauritania being repeated in 1987, 2010, 2012, 2015, and 2020. Mauritania seems a preferred niche for RVF virus due to its persistent outbreak there. Lately, nine Mauritanian wilayas confirmed 47 (23 fatalities with 49% CFR) human cases between August 30 and October 17, 2022. Most of the cases were largely among livestock breeders associated with animal husbandry activities. The review aimed at understanding the origin, cause, and measures to counter the virus.

Methods

The facts and figures from the various published articles sourced from databases including Pubmed, Web of Science, and the Scopus as also some primary data from health agencies like WHO, CDC, and so forth were evaluated and the efficacy of countermeasures reviewed.

Results

Among the reported confirmed cases, it was found that 3−70 year age‐group males outnumbered the females. Deaths after fever occurred primarily due to acute hemorrhagic thrombocytopenia. Human infections often occurred through zoonotic transmission mainly through mosquitoes in the population contiguous to cattle outbreak, a conducive site for local RVFV transmission. Many transmission cases were through direct or indirect contact with blood or organs of the infected animal.

Conclusion

RVFV infection was predominant in the Mauritanian regions bordering Mali, Senegal, and Algeria. High human and domesticated animal density as also the existing zoonotic vectors further contributed to RVF virus circulation. Mauritanian RVF infection data confirmed that RVFV was zoonotic that included small ruminants, cattle, and camel. This observation hints at the role of transborder animal mobility in RVFV transmission. In light of this, preventive approaches with effective surveillance and monitoring system following the One Health model is extremely beneficial for a free and fair healthy world for all.
Three‐dimensional numerical simulation of free convection and entropy generation in a cubic cavity containing a heat source
Authors: Benhamou Jaouad , Lahmer El Bachir , Admi Youssef , Jami Mohammed , Mezrhab Ahmed
Published: July 2023

The present article provides a three‐dimensional numerical investigation of thermal convection and entropy generation. The lattice Boltzmann method, coupled with the finite difference approach, is applied to perform numerical simulations. The validation of these numerical approaches for thermal convection simulation and entropy calculation is performed by comparing our numerical results with those in the published literature for the case of benchmark problems. The physical geometry studied in this paper concerns a hot obstacle having the shape of a plus sign (+) placed in the center of a cubic enclosure. This cube is filled with air of a Prandtl number of 0.71 and characterized by two cold vertical walls. The heat exchange between the fluid and the hot body is studied as a function of the Rayleigh number (). The performed simulations show that the heat transfer rate can be increased by about 429% by switching from to . The entropy generation due to fluid friction, heat transfer, and total entropy are also calculated and discussed. For an irreversibility coefficient , the analysis of the results showed that for low values of the Rayleigh number (), the entropy production due to temperature gradients predominates over that produced by viscous effects. In the cases of and , entropy generation is due to both fluid friction and heat transfer. However, when the Rayleigh number becomes large (), entropy generation due to viscosity predominates over entropy production related to heat exchange. These results have important implications for the optimization and design of heat transfer systems in various industrial applications.
Magnetohydrodynamic micropolar slip flow due to an exponentially stretching sheet with chemical reaction and nonuniform heat generation
Authors: Choudhary Sushila , Vaishnav Bal Krishn , Yadav Bhagawan Singh
Published: July 2023

The main focus of the current study is to examine the impact of melting heat transfer and chemical reaction on magnetohydrodynamic micropolar fluid flow over a sheet that is exponentially stretching and immersed in a porous medium. A nonuniform heat source is placed within this flow system. Other impacts like slip phenomena and thermal radiation are also taken into consideration. The governing partial differential equations are converted to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via similarity transformation and we also get the corresponding necessary boundary conditions. These nonlinear ODEs are resolved with the help of shooting technique and an Runge‐Kutta fourth order (RK‐4) iterative strategy. Also, we solve this problem using the Bvp4c approach for validating the results of the RK‐4 method. Both outcomes are consistent with previously published data. With the help of tables and graphs, we examine the influence of multiple physical parameters on velocity, thermal, microrotation, concentration, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, coefficient of skin friction, and wall couple stress. We see that the temperature distribution and velocity profiles decrease when the melting parameter increases. The temperature profile boosts when the heat source parameter is increased.
Atypical eclampsia in a normotensive patient with altered mental status and severely elevated transaminases: Case report and review
Authors: Ghadiali Tejal , Nguyen Michelle T. , Lee Richard H. , Sasso Elizabeth B.
Published: July 2023

Classically, pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia are considered hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and current diagnostic criteria include hypertension with proteinuria or other laboratory abnormalities or symptoms suggestive of end‐organ damage. However, atypical presentations can occur in the absence of elevated blood pressures. We present the case of a pregnant patient who developed status epilepticus at 24 weeks and 4 days of gestation, followed by altered mental status and severely elevated transaminases. She had no elevated blood pressures during her prenatal care or hospital course. Following delivery, she experienced normalization of transaminase levels and a return to her baseline mental status. Pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia can occur in the absence of elevated blood pressures, which highlights the limitations of using standard diagnostic criteria in normotensive patients with end‐organ damage. In such cases, it is important to include pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia in the differential diagnosis, as the diagnosis usually warrants preterm delivery to minimize maternal morbidity and mortality.
心停止で搬入され，damage control strategy下に多期的手術を行い，神経学的後遺症なく救命できたmesenteric inflammatory veno–occlusive disease(Successful recovery from out–of–hospital cardiac arrest caused by mesenteric inflammatory veno–occlusive disease without neurological sequelae under damage control strategy: a case report)
Authors: 大輝 南出 , 研二 神鳥 , 道太郎 宮国 , 亘 石井 , 亮二 飯塚
Published: July 2023

Mesenteric inflammatory veno–occlusive disease（MIVOD）は消化管および腸間膜に限局した原因不明の静脈炎により消化管虚血を来す稀な疾患で，一期的手術により予後は良好とされる。MIVODによる心停止で搬入され，蘇生後にdamage control strategyに基づく多期的手術と集中治療で救命し得たので報告する。81歳女性が12時間前からの腹痛，嘔吐で救急要請し，救急車内で心停止となった後，当院搬入となった。自己心拍は再開したが呼吸・循環状態は不安定であった。CTで腸管虚血を認め，緊急開腹術で壊死小腸を切除した。全身状態安定化と腸管壊死範囲拡大の可能性を考慮しdamage control strategyに基づき，damage control surgery（DC）およびopen abdominal management（OAM）を行った。壊死範囲の拡大に対してDC2とDC3で回盲部とS状結腸を切除しOAMを継続した。DC4で腸管虚血所見を認めず，人工肛門を造設し，根治的に閉腹した。経過良好で第64病日に神経学的後遺症なく退院した。全切除病理検体でMIVOD所見を認めた。MIVODが致死的となることを認識し，全身状態が不安定な症例はdamage control strategy のもと多期的手術が有効な可能性がある。
Delay characterization of multilayer graphene nanoribbon interconnects in presence of scattering and thermal effects
Authors: Upadhyay Akanksha , Rai Mayank Kumar , Khanna Rajesh
Published: July 2023

Scattering source‐based mean free path (MFP) and circuit modeling are proposed for three different configurations of undoped multilayer graphene nanoribbon (U‐MLGNR) (viz. horizontal top‐contact (HTC), horizontal side‐contact (HSC), and vertical top‐contact (VTC)). A similar analysis is carried out for doped HTC‐MLGNR (D‐HTC‐MLGNR) considering dopants viz. Li, FeCl3, and AsF5, for a temperature range of 300–500 K. The optimistic intrinsic‐phonon limited (Λeff,1(T)) and realistic scattering limited (Λeff,2(T)) effective MFP models are considered to derive the equivalent resistance of MLGNR. The performance of MLGNR variants, considering Λeff,1(T) and Λeff,2(T), is compared to copper (Cu) (with smooth and rough surface) in terms of coupled line crosstalk‐induced delay (XT‐D). The results show that the MLGNR variants outperform Cu interconnects in terms of XT‐D, for Λeff,1(T). However, structural edge roughness being the dominant scattering source in Λeff,2(T), severely degrades the performance of MLGNR variants in comparison to Cu counterparts. Moreover, for Λeff,1(T) and Λeff,2(T), Li‐D HTC‐MLGNR outperforms other MLGNR variants. Also, among the MLGNR variants, U‐VTC‐MLGNR exhibits a minimum average relative penalty of 21.58 × 102% in terms of XT‐D, when Λeff,2(T) is considered as against Λeff,1(T). Li‐D HTC‐MLGNR with optimized width exhibits 10.59× lower XT‐D and 8.85× higher XT‐D for Λeff,1(T) and Λeff,2(T), respectively, compared to smooth Cu. The optimized Li‐D HTC‐MLGNR demonstrates a reduction of 85.48% and 74.67% in XT‐D values for Λeff,1 (T) and Λeff,2 (T), respectively, when compared to mixed carbon nanotube (MCNT) bundle interconnects.
Eurasian consumers' food safety beliefs and trust issues in the age of COVID‐19: evidence from an online survey in 15 countries
Authors: Tomasevic Igor , Hambardzumyan Garegin , Marmaryan Gayane , Nikolic Aleksandra , Mujcinovic Alen , Sun Weizheng , Liu Xiao‐Chen , Bursać Kovačević Danijela , Markovinović Anica Bebek , Terjung Nino , Heinz Volker , Papageorgiou Maria , Skendi Adriana , Goel Gunjan , Raghav Mamta , Dalle Zotte Antonella , Nakov Dimitar , Velkoska Valentina , Sołowiej Bartosz G. , Semenova Anastasia A. , Kuznetsova Oksana A. , Krocko Miroslav , Duckova Viera , Lorenzo Jose M. , Echegaray Noemi , Oz Emel , Oz Fatih , Djekic Ilija
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

This investigation provides an important insight into Eurasian consumers' food safety beliefs and trust issues influenced by the COVID‐19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted in 15 European and Asian countries involving more than 4000 consumers.

RESULTS

It has confirmed that different socioeconomic characteristics, cultural aspects and education levels shape food safety perceptions within Eurasian countries. The COVID‐19 pandemic influenced their beliefs and trust in food safety, which is relatively low on average. However, it is significantly higher for European consumers (especially European Union ones) compared to their Asian counterparts. Both Asian and European respondents agreed that food fraud and climate changes represent a food safety issue. However, European consumers were less concerned regarding the food safety of genetically modified foods and meat and dairy analogs/hybrids. Asian consumers were, to a greater extent, worried about the risk of getting COVID‐19 from food, restaurants, food retail establishments and home food deliveries.

CONCLUSION

Eurasian consumers have put their greatest extent of trust, when food safety assurance is concerned, into food scientists and food producers holding a food safety certificate. Broadly, they are uncertain to what extent their federal governments and food inspectors are competent, able and efficient in ensuring food safety. Higher education of Eurasian consumers was followed by increased food safety confidence in all parts of the food chain. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Reduced skin permeation and penetration of clobetasol propionate when Dermovate cream is applied at short time intervals with emollients
Authors: Beebeejaun M. T. , Brown M. B. , Hutter V. , Kravitz L. , McAuley W. J.
Published: July 2023

Background

Dermovate cream containing 0.05% clobetasol propionate is a very potent topical corticosteroid (TCS) used in the treatment of severe inflammatory dermatoses. Regular emollient therapy should continue alongside clobetasol propionate treatment, however, the impact on drug delivery to the skin when both products are applied at similar times is unknown.

Objectives

To assess whether application of emollients at similar times to Dermovate cream alter the delivery of clobetasol propionate to the skin.

Methods

This study was conducted using ex vivo human skin mounted in Franz cells. Dermovate cream was applied before or after three different emollients, Hydromol Intensive cream, Doublebase gel, and Diprobase ointment at 5‐ or 30‐min intervals. Drug delivery to the skin was assessed up to 24 h using high‐performance liquid chromatography.

Results

Significantly reduced clobetasol propionate delivery to the skin was observed when Dermovate cream was applied either before or after the three different emollients, compared to the application of Dermovate cream alone. The data suggest in situ formation of a mixed Dermovate cream and emollient layer which reduces clobetasol propionate delivery relative to the original product. Applying Dermovate cream after any emollient generally resulted in larger reductions in drug delivery to the skin, compared to when the steroid was applied first. This was attributed to the emollients forming an additional barrier to drug delivery at the skin‐formulation interface.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that applying Dermovate cream at similar times as emollients can significantly reduce drug delivery to the skin and that separating the application of the two products by intervals of up to 30 min is not sufficient to mitigate this effect.
Different doses of vitamin D supplementation to nonsurgical treatment for vitamin‐D‐insufficient patients with diabetic periodontitis and the effect on gingival BMP‐2 levels
Authors: Lei Fei , Ni Jing , Hu Jin‐Long , Guo Dan‐Ni , Fan Jing
Published: July 2023

Epidemiological data show people with diabetes mellitus (DM) have three‐fold increase in risk of periodontitis. A vitamin D insufficiency can affect the progression of DM and periodontitis. This study evaluated the effects of different‐dose vitamin D supplementation to nonsurgical periodontal therapy for vitamin‐D‐insufficient diabetic patients coexisting with periodontitis and changes of gingival bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) levels. The study included 30 vitamin‐D‐insufficient patients receiving nonsurgical treatment followed by administration of 25,000 international units (IU) vitamin D3 per week (the low‐VD group) and 30 patients receiving 50,000 UI vitamin D per week (the high‐VD group). The decreases of probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding index, and periodontal plaque index values of patients after the six‐month supplementation of 50,000 UI vitamin D3 per week to nonsurgical treatment were more significant than those after the six‐month supplementation of 25,000 UI vitamin D3 per week to nonsurgical treatment. It was found that 50,000 IU per week vitamin D supplementation for 6 months could lead to a better glycemic control for vitamin‐D‐insufficient diabetic patients coexisting with periodontitis after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Increased levels of serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 and gingival BMP‐2 were found in both low‐ and high‐dose VD groups, and the high‐dose VD group exhibited higher levels than the low‐dose VD group. Vitamin D supplementation in large doses for 6 months tended to improve the treatment of periodontitis and increase gingival BMP‐2 levels in diabetic patients coexisting with periodontitis who were vitamin D deficient.
Forecasting Rural and Urban Otolaryngologists, Radiation Oncologists, and Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Falk Grace E. , Okut Hayrettin , Lightner Joseph S. , Farrokhian Nathan , LaCrete Frantzlee , Chiu Alexander , Shnayder Yelizaveta , Bond Justin , Sykes Kevin J.
Published: July 2023

Objective

To forecast oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) incidence with otolaryngologist and radiation oncologist numbers per population by rural and urban counties through 2030.

Methods

Incident OPC cases were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 19 database, and otolaryngologists and radiation oncologists from the Area Health Resources File by county from 2000 to 2018. Variables were analyzed by metropolitan counties with over 1,000,000 people (large metros), rural counties adjacent to a metro (rural adjacent), and rural counties not adjacent to a metro (rural not adjacent). Data were forecasted via an unobserved components model with regression slope comparisons.

Results

Per 100,000 population, forecasted OPC incidence increased from 2000 to 2030 (large metro: 3.6 to 10.6 cases; rural adjacent: 4.2 to 11.9; rural not adjacent: 4.3 to 10.1). Otolaryngologists remained stable for large metros (2.9 to 2.9) but declined in rural adjacent (0.7 to 0.2) and rural not adjacent (0.8 to 0.7). Radiation oncologists increased from 1.0 to 1.3 in large metros, while rural adjacent remained similar (0.2 to 0.2) and rural not adjacent increased (0.2 to 0.6). Compared to large metros, regression slope comparisons indicated similar forecasted OPC incidence for rural not adjacent (p = 0.58), but greater for rural adjacent (p < 0.001, r = 0.96). Otolaryngologists declined for rural regions (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, r = −0.56, and r = −0.58 for rural adjacent and not adjacent, respectively). Radiation oncologists declined in rural adjacent (p < 0.001, r = −0.61), while increasing at a lesser rate for rural not adjacent (p = 0.002, r = 0.96).

Conclusions

Rural OPC incidence disparities will grow while the relevant, rural health care workforce declines.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:136–142, 2024
A New Strong‐Acid Free Route to Produce Xanthan Gum‐PANI Composite Scaffold Supporting Bioelectricity
Authors: Pescosolido Francesca , Montaina Luca , Carcione Rocco , Politi Sara , Matassa Roberto , Carotenuto Felicia , Nottola Stefania Annarita , Nardo Paolo Di , Tamburri Emanuela
Published: July 2023

Conductive hybrid xanthan gum (XG)–polyaniline (PANI) biocomposites forming 3D structures able to mimic electrical biological functions are synthesized by a strong‐acid free medium. In situ aniline oxidative chemical polymerizations are performed in XG water dispersions to produce stable XG–PANI pseudoplastic fluids. XG–PANI composites with 3D architectures are obtained by subsequent freeze‐drying processes. The morphological investigation highlights the formation of porous structures; UV–vis and Raman spectroscopy characterizations assess the chemical structure of the produced composites. I–V measurements evidence electrical conductivity of the samples, while electrochemical analyses point out their capability to respond to electric stimuli with electron and ion exchanges in physiological‐like environment. Trial tests on prostate cancer cells evaluate biocompatibility of the XG–PANI composite. Obtained results demonstrate that a strong acid‐free route produces an electrically conductive and electrochemically active XG–PANI polymer composite. The investigation of charge transport and transfer, as well as of biocompatibility properties of composite materials produced in aqueous environments, brings new perspective for exploitation of such materials in biomedical applications. In particular, the developed strategy can be used to realize biomaterials working as scaffolds that require electrical stimulations for inducing cell growth and communication or for biosignals monitoring and analysis.
Seeking sanctuary: Housing undocumented immigrants
Authors: Christopher Derek
Published: July 2023

This paper studies housing market outcomes of undocumented immigrants in the U.S. and explores the mechanisms behind the differential prices that immigrants pay for shelter. I show that undocumented renters pay a premium for housing relative to observably similar, documented, immigrant renters occupying similar housing. Building on theory and suggestive evidence that the premium is the result of search frictions driven by fear of deportation, I employ a triple‐differences strategy to evaluate the impacts of sanctuary city policies on housing market outcomes of undocumented immigrants. I find that sanctuary city policies, which limit immigration enforcement, reduce housing costs of undocumented renters, suggesting such policies mitigate search frictions for this group.
Was macht Mathematik effektiv?
Authors: Loos Andreas , Sinn Rainer , Ziegler Günter M.
Published: July 2023

Mathematik scheint den natürlichen Formalismus zur Beschreibung und Berechnung physikalischer Prozesse und Gesetzmäßigkeiten zu liefern. Umgekehrt haben physikalische Fragestellungen die Entwicklung der Mathematik angeregt und teilweise ihre Richtung bestimmt, und eigentlich gibt es keine scharfe Grenze zwischen Mathematik und Physik. Eine sinnvolle Einteilung bezieht sich eher auf die Motivation als auf die Untersuchungsgegenstände der Mathematik: Forschung wird betrieben, um mathematische Strukturen zu verstehen oder ist durch naturwissenschaftliche oder technisch‐industrielle Anwendungen motiviert.
Brennstoffzellen: Erfolg im zweiten Anlauf?
Authors: Kreuer Klaus‐Dieter
Published: July 2023

Was vor 50 Jahren als effiziente Methode zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie aus fossilen Energieträgern gesehen wurde, könnte heute zu einem wichtigen Baustein der Energiewende werden
Wellenformationen beim Weinschwenken
Authors: Kasper Lutz , Vogt Patrik
Published: July 2023

Das Schwenken des Weinglases dient der Belüftung, eignet sich aber auch zum Erzeugen interessanter Wellenphänomene.
Do self and interpersonal dysfunction cross‐sectionally mediate the association between adverse childhood experiences and personality pathology?
Authors: Evans Chloe M. , Simms Leonard J.
Published: July 2023

Two primary limitations of research on the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and personality disorder (PD) are (1) failure to consider mechanisms of association and (2) inconsistent results due, in part, to inconsistent approaches to quantifying ACE exposure. The current study will address these limitations by examining the cross‐sectional mediating role of self‐ and interpersonal dysfunction on the association between ACE and three PDs (antisocial, schizotypal, and borderline) using three quantifications of ACE exposure (cumulative, individual, and unique risk). Participants were 149 current or recent psychiatric patients, and data analyses were performed through estimation of a series of cross‐sectional mediation models. Taken together, results suggest that (1) the association between ACE and PD is moderate, (2) self‐ and interpersonal dysfunction cross‐sectionally mediate this association, (3) after accounting for variance shared among ACEs, associations between specific ACE subtypes and PD were negligible, (4) much of the association between ACE and PD is accounted for by general processes impacted by all forms of ACE and implicated in all forms of PD, and (5) emotional neglect may uniquely contribute to self‐ and interpersonal dysfunction and thereby, PD risk.
Phosphorus, cobalt‐phosphorus, and nickel‐phosphorus clusters: Growth behavior, electronic, and magnetic properties
Authors: Roumili M. A. , Mahtout S. , Baddari K. , Lasmi M. , Rabilloud F.
Published: July 2023

The equilibrium geometries, and electronic and magnetic properties of phosphorus, cobalt‐phosphorus, and nickel‐phosphorus (Pn+1, CoPn, and NiPn, n = 1–24) clusters have been investigated by using first principle calculations. The doping with cobalt or nickel atom favors the endohedral structures in which the metal atom is encapsulated inside the phosphorus framework, while geometrical structures are metal‐dependent. The growth pattern behaviors and stabilities are examined from the binding energies, the second‐order energy differences, and the HOMO–LUMO gaps. The doping with Co or Ni atom contributes to strengthening the stability of the phosphorus frame with a marked improvement in the case of Ni atom. The total spin magnetic moment is enhanced with doping with Co atom. In contrast, the magnetic moment is quenched in the case of NiPn. Vertical electron affinities and ionization potentials are also reported and discussed.
Computational Investigation of Isoxazole‐Based Molecules as Potential Drug‐Resistant Anti‐Tuberculosis H37Rv.
Authors: Moukhliss Youness , Koubi Yassine , Alaqarbeh Marwa , Maghat Hamid , Sbai Abdelouahid , Bouachrine Mohammed , Lakhlifi Tahar
Published: July 2023

Investigation of new active therapeutic drugs against the emerging drug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a current medical and health challenge. Based on previously reported isoxazole‐based molecules that have a potent effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, computational methods were used in the current study to investigate the effect of isoxazole‐based molecules as a potential active drug‐resistant drug Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Molecular models of isoxazole‐based molecules were established by 3D‐QSAR study, and different results were interpreted to propose 6 candidate agents more active than the previously reported compounds in the literature. Also, the candidate structures are more active than the therapeutic drug agent Isoniazid (NIH) against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Evaluation of the synthetic accessibility coefficient and the Lipinski properties of newly designed agent candidates indicate that these agents meet the criteria of a drug according to the Lipinski and Veber rules because they can be synthesized. In‐silico evaluation of ADMETox properties shows satisfactory results for most newly designed agent candidates. According to molecular docking, the drug candidates have a high score with a stable docked pose in the receptor (PDB code: 5v3y) compared to Isoniazid (NIH). The DFT and molecular dynamics study confirmed the previous results of 3D‐QSAR and molecular docking models.
Berberine Exhibits Anti‐atherosclerotic Effects in a Mouse Model by Targeting the JAK/STAT Pathway
Authors: Junfeng Sun Mmed. , Xiaojun Zheng Mmed. , Qiang Gao Mmed. , Hussain Lone Nisar
Published: July 2023

Atherosclerosis, a serious and commonly diagnosed pathological condition is the main cause of coronary and cerebrovascular disorder which has a high rate of morbidity and mortality globally. In the present study effect of berberine on damage to the aorta wall induced by atherosclerosis in mice model was investigated. The results demonstrated that berberine treatment significantly (P<0.05) reverses the atherosclerosis‐induced increase in the area of the lesions in the mice aortas. Berberine treatment at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg doses reduced lesion area in the aorta of atherosclerosis mice to 53.5±3.69, 39.4±3.69 and 13.8±2.12 %, respectively. Atherosclerosis‐induced up‐regulation of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 production was down‐regulated in mice aortas on treatment with berberine. Treatment with berberine downregulated the atherosclerosis‐induced increase in expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, angiotensin II (AngII), Alveolar type 2 progenitor cells (AT1), and AT2 in mice aorta tissues. Moreover, berberine treatment of atherosclerosis mice led to a marked reduction in the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), p65, and p38 proteins. In summary, berberine treatment reverses damage associated with atherosclerosis in mice aorta walls by inhibiting the inflammatory response. It targets activation of Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT pathway and downregulated RAAS expression in atherosclerotic mice. Therefore, berberine may be developed as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for atherosclerosis treatment.
Effect of Small Change in Reaction Conditions on the Size of Monoclinic BiVO4 Nanoparticles and their Photocatalytic Abilities
Authors: Ghaware Rachana , Sanadi Prashant , Narale Dattatray , Bhosale Rakhee , Patil Komal , Kim Jin H. , Kolekar Sanjay
Published: July 2023

BiVO4 is an effective material and highly used in different applications. Here, we have synthesized BiVO4 using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and ammonium metavanadate by simple reflux condensation method without addition of any surfactant. To check the effect on the structure and activity of BiVO4 different ratios of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate to ammonium metavanadate e. g. 1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 were used. Obtained BiVO4 nanomaterial was successfully analysed using various analytical techniques such X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nanoparticles were shown spherical morphology, high porosity and monoclinic scheelite (m) crystalline phase. It was observed that BiVO4 nanoparticles prepared using 1 : 1 ratio have very small size as compared to those prepared using other ratios. Further, the photocatalytic activity of the BiVO4 nanoparticles was assessed by photodegradation of crystal violet dye (CV) under visible light irradiation and found that the particles prepared with 1 : 1 ratio were showing high efficiency of degradation. In addition, prepared nanoparticles have shown good antibacterial properties.
Reduction of Amides to Amines Catalyzed by Ca(CH2C6H4NMe2‐o)2(THF)2/HBpin
Authors: Liu Xunqingze , Xie Hongzhen , Luo Yunjie
Published: July 2023

Reduction of amides to amines is an attractive subject in organic synthesis. Ca(CH2C6H4NMe2‐o)2(THF)2, an easily accessible main‐group complex, on combination with pinacolborane (HBpin) could serve as a highly active catalyst system in the reduction of primary, secondary and tertiary amides into the corresponding amines. This protocol showed good tolerance for functional groups and heteroatoms, and the aimed products could be obtained in a gram‐scale. The active species in this transformation was supposed to be a calcium hydride.
An Ultrasensitive Plasmonic Sensor Based on 2D Ferroelectric Bi2O2Se
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Lixuan , Zhai Kun , Nie Anmin , Xiang Jianyong , Mu Congpu , Wen Fusheng , Wang Bochong , Shu Yu , Xue Tianyu , Liu Zhongyuan
Published: July 2023

Plasmonic biosensing is a label‐free detection method that is commonly used to measure various biomolecular interactions. However, one of the main challenges in this approach is the ability to detect biomolecules at low concentrations with sufficient sensitivity and detection limits. Here, 2D ferroelectric materials are employed to address the issues with sensitivity in biosensor design. A plasmonic sensor based on Bi2O2Se nanosheets, a ferroelectric 2D material, is presented for the ultrasensitive detection of the protein molecule. Through imaging the surface charge density of Bi2O2Se, a detection limit of 1 fM is achieved for bovine serum albumin (BSA). These findings underscore the potential of ferroelectric 2D materials as critical building blocks for future biosensor and biomaterial architectures.