bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Analysis of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Based on Chest Computed Tomography Data: a Population Study in Moscow
Authors: Solovev A. V. , Vasilev Yu. A. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Vladzymyrskyy A. V. , Semenov D. S.
Published: October 2024

Background. Cardiovascular diseases remain a pressing issue associated with great economic burden and loss of earning capacity. Among them, thoracic aortic aneurysms pose a serious threat as they commonly develop asymptomatically. Patients with aneurysms are often diagnosed late, which contributes to higher mortality rates due to complications. For this reason, conducting new epidemiological studies on this problem in our country is relevant.

Objective: to study the prevalence of pathological dilatation of the thoracic aorta in Moscow by means of artificial intelligence technologies (AITs) using chest computed tomography (CT) data.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of chest CT data from 227,149 patients obtained in the period from October 2022 to October 2023 was performed using AITs.

Results. The analysis revealed that 13.3% of patients exhibited signs of thoracic aortic dilatation, while 0.8% had aneurysm signs. The prevalence of thoracic aortic aneurysms in Moscow was 12.4 cases per 100,000 individuals. Males were more susceptible than females; aneurysms of the descending aorta were more typical for them, while aneurysms of the ascending aorta were more common in females. The incidence of thoracic aortic dilatation increased with age. Potential causes and strategies to minimize AIT errors were discussed.

Conclusion. The results highlight the importance of opportunistic screening for thoracic aortic aneurysms to ensure timely detection and prevention of complications. It would be especially beneficial to men and elderly population. The effectiveness of AITs to support decision-making by radiologists analyzing chest CT results was confirmed. The study provides an important update to the data on the prevalence of thoracic aortic aneurysms in asymptomatic patients in Russia. The identified features make it possible to direct the diagnostic and prevention efforts more effectively.
The effect of natural noise and conspesific sound density on the prevalence of Leptophryne borbonica Tschudi, 1838 displaying visual signals
Authors: Intani Ratih Tryas , Noer Mohamad Isnin , Rizkawati Vina
Published: October 2024

The main mode of communication in Anura is acoustic signals, but environmental noise can hinder effectiveness signal transmission and reception. The adaptation to noise is by visual signals. This study was conducted to determine the density, the type of visual signals detected, and whether there is an influence of environmental noise and conspecific density on the prevalence of Leptophryne borbonica population displaying visual signals. This study was conducted by descriptive method with purposive sampling technique. The data taken was in the form of the number of individuals with visual signals, the number of individuals vocalizing, and the noise of the surrounding environment. The data was processed using the Solomon Coder and analyzed by Poisson regression. 159 individual frogs were found in 40 plots during observations, with the density of individuals in each plot being 3-8 individuals with noise range of 45-74 dB. Noise significantly affected the display of visual signals in a population, while conspecific density did not affect the output of visual signals.
The natural food composition of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis Raffles, 1821) inhabiting the Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve in North Jakarta
Authors: Lestari Alvita Dwi , Afifah Felana , Kinanti Dinda , Fitrianingtyas Shinta Alief , Firdaus Nur Azzizah , Isna Nabilah Nailiyah , Devia Dinda , Hasanah Fajar Nur , Basyuri Ade , Muhammad Yusuf
Published: October 2024

Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is one species of wild animals inhabits Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve (SMMA), a wetland reserve predominantly grown by mangrove swamp forest. As there is high encounter of M. fascicularis with human and high incident of human-given food, it is important to understand the composition of natural food of M. fascicularis. The method used was quantitative with data collection techniques using scan sampling technique with 5-minute intervals. Natural food source for M. fascicularis in SMMA is provided by 17 species of plants. The main natural food sources providing both leaves and fruits are Ficus benjamina (54.62%) and Sonneratia caseolaris (28.9%). The most common plant parts eaten by M. fascicularis are leaves (61%) and fruit (21%), resembles to those of leaf monkeys (langurs). However, is a high possibility that nutrient needed to supplement high leaf consumption in SMMA monkeys is provided by non-natural human-given food.
MODEL PERMAINAN FACE CLIMBING DALAM PANJAT TEBING PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS BHAYANGKARA JAYA
Authors: A.Sirojul Munir  , Hartman Nugraha  , Sri Nuraini
Published: October 2024

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat model permainan face climbing dalam panjat tebing pada mahasiswa, yaitu di Universitas Negeri Jakarta dan di Universitas Bhayangkara Jaya. Waktu penelitian terhitung selama 3 bulan selama Maret 2019 – Mei 2019. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian ADDIE, dimana penelitian menggunakan 5 tahapan yaitu Analisis, desain, pengembangan model, pelaksanaan, evaluasi. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan produk yang berupa model permainan face climbing dalam panjat tebing untuk mahasiswa yang telah di revisi oleh ahli permainan dan ahli panjat tebing sebanyak 15 model yang diujicobakan dalam kelompok kecil sebanyak 15 mahasiswa dan kelompok besar sebanyak 30 mahasiswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model permainan face climbing dalam panjat tebing ini dapat menjadi media untuk digunakan dalam proses kegiatan panjat tebing, sehingga dapat memberikan kontribusi yang baik dalam proses meningkatkan kemampuan teknik dasar panjat tebing pada mahasiswa, berdasarkan hasil penelitian model bermain panjat tebing dapat dikembangkan dan dapat diterapkan terhadap mahasiswa Universitas Bhayangkara Jaya.
MODEL PENURUNAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN MELALUI MEDIA OLAHRAGA RENANG UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Habib Hilal Fatwa  , Kurnia Tahki
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model penurunan tingkat kecemasan melaluli media olahraga renang untuk anak usia dini permainan untuk menghasilkan produk baru model baru yang digunakan  untuk pembelajaran olahraga renang  untuk anak usia dini, yaitu di Kelas Berenang Filfest UI Kota Depok. Waktu penelitian terhitung selama 2 bulan selama Desember 2021 – Januari 2022. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Model pengembangan ADDIE, dimana penelitian menggunakan 5 tahapan yaitu analisis, desain, pengembangan model, pelaksanaan, evaluasi. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan produk yang berupa penurunan tingkat kecemasan melaluli media olahraga renang untuk anak usia dini yang telah di revisi oleh ahli psikolog ahli permaianan dan ahli anak usia dini  sebanyak 15 model yang diuji cobakan dalam uji implementasi sebanyak 17 anak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan tingkat kecemasan melaluli media olahraga renang untuk anak usia dini dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran olahraga renang, sehingga dapat memberikan kontribusi yang baik terhadap sekolah, dan pengajar berdasarkan hasil penelitian Model penurunan tingkat kecemasan melalui media olahraga renang untuk anak usia dini dapat di sebarluaskan keseluruh penjuru negri dengan bekerja sama dengan penerbit atau instansi pemerintah di bidang pendidikan.
OUTDOOR EDUCATION SEBAGAI PILAR PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER KERJASAMA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Fahrezi Fahmi , Hernawan
Published: October 2024

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui bagaimana pembentukan karakter melalui Outdoor Education pada siswa kelas V LPI At–taufiq. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di LPI At–taufiq, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta. Adapun waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2023 semester genap Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode pre-eksperimen dengan Pre Test dan Post Test Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V LPI At–taufiq. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas V LPI At–taufiq Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023 sebanyak 20 siswa. Dalam penelitian ini pengumpulan data menggunakan instrument penelitian berupa angket dan tekhnik analisis, dalam penelitian ini menggunakan statistic uji-t. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa outdoor education ternyata efektif dan dapat menumbuhkan karakter kerjasama siswa kelas V LPI At–taufiq. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil analisis data test awal dan tes akhir karakter kerjasama di analisis dengan menggunakan uji-t. Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai thitung. Selanjutnya diuji dengan ttabel pada taraf kepercayaan dan derajat kebebasan, diperoleh nilai ttabel, dengan demikian nilai thitung > nilai ttabel atau 1,614 > 1,729. Dengan terbukti nilai thitung > nilai ttable dapat dinyatakan bahwa outdoor education mempunyai pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan karakter dan nilai-nilai kerjasama siswa kelas V LPI At–taufiq Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta.
STRATEGI PROMOSI DAN KOMUNIKASI MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL PADA OBJEK WISATA ATV ADVENTURE INDONESIA
Authors: Amaliya Ikhsa Zaina  , Zulham
Published: October 2024

Objek wisata Atv Adventure Indonesia merupakan salah satu objek wisata yang berada di Cipayung, Jakarta Timur, dengan memiliki luas lahan 2,5 hektar yang di pergunakan sebagai fasilitas permainan atv, atv statis, motor trail, panahan, dan airsoftgun, dan memiliki daya tarik terhadap jalur atv dan motor trail yang panjang dengan kondisi jalur berlumpur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana strategi promosi dan komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh pihak pengelola objek wisata  Atv Adventure Indonesia terhadap pengembangan pemasaran objek wisata dengan memanfaatkan media sosial yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jl. Raya Setu No.1, RT.5/RW.1, Setu, Kec. Cipayung, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta pada bulan Juli 2022. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah sumber daya manusia yang ada didalam kepengurusan Atv Adventure Indonesia yaitu, direktur utama Atv Adventure Indonesia, supervisor, dan karyawan Atv Adventure Indonesia. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan triangulasi data dengan pedoman hasil reduksi data, wawancara , dan dokumentasi. Temuan yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini adalah bagaimana Atv Adventure Indonesia  melakukan strategi promosi dan komunikasi pemasaran dengan media sosial. Selain itu, penelitian ini dapat diketahui secara lengkap mengenai kelebihan memiliki jalur offroad yang luas dan panjang, sedangkan kekurangannya yaitu tidak mengelola dan memanfaatkan media sosial yang dimiliki.
Heterogén nyelvi hátterű diákok tudásmérése és értékelése a felső tagozaton és a középiskolában
Authors: Ildikó Schmidt
Published: October 2024

A magyar köznevelésben egyre nagyobb számban tanulnak heterogén nyelvi hátterű diákok, akik a középiskolát befejezve a felsőoktatásban folytatják tanulmányaikat. A nyelvi erőforrásaikat illetően a magyar nyelv mellett több nyelv vagy beszédmód párhuzamosan jelenik meg. A nyelvhasználatukra jellemző, hogy míg a szóbeli kommunikáció során a magyar elsőnyelvi beszélőkre hasonlító jegyeket mutatnak, addig az írásbeli produkcióikban már megfigyelhetők eltérések. Ha pedig a különféle tudományterületekhez kapcsolódó szaknyelvekről van szó, még a szóbeli kommunikáció is gondot okoz nekik, nem beszélve az írásbeli sajátosságokról. Jelen tanulmány tanári és tanulói páros empirikus adatokon keresztül mutatja be, hogy milyen nyelvhasználói csoportokba rendeződnek a heterogén nyelvi hátterű diákok a tanulással kapcsolatos írásbeli és szóbeli kommunikációjuk jellegzetességei alapján, valamint kitér arra, hogy a tanári értékelés miként kapcsolódik össze a nyelvhasználati sajátosságokkal.
Osztály, vigyázz! – Kapcsolatteremtés a jelenléti osztálytermi diskurzusokban
Authors: Zsolt Hollóy
Published: October 2024

Minden kommunikációs aktus sikerességének egyik alapvető feltétele a felek közötti megfelelő kapcsolat kialakítása, a kontaktus megteremtése. A kontaktus kialakítása nélkül a kommunikációban részt vevő felek együttműködése nem jöhet létre, ennek hiányában a kommunikációs célok nem érhetők el. Különösen fontos a kapcsolat kialakítása az olyan cél- és eredményorientált kommunikációs kontextusokban, mint az osztálytermi diskurzusoké. A jelen tanulmány célja, hogy 20 videóra rögzített tanóra alapján képet alkosson az osztálytermi diskurzusok kapcsolatteremtő epizódjáról. Az elemzések fókuszában a tanári fatikus nyelvi elemek, a bevezető epizód diskurzusjellemzői és a tanulói aktivitás nyelvi és nem nyelvi formái állnak. Az eredmények értelmezéséhez diskurzuselemzési, pragmatikai, kommunikációelméleti és anyanyelv-pedagógiai szempontok is hozzájárulnak. A tanulmány eredményei tanárjelöltek és gyakorló tanárok számára egyaránt segítségül szolgálhatnak kommunikációjuk tudatosításában, fejlesztésében.
Pályaorientáció a Tanítsunk Magyarországért Programban az ELTE partnerintézményeiben
Authors: Katalin Tókos
Published: October 2024

Az ELTE 2020 óta vesz részt a Tanítsunk Magyarországért Programban, amely hazai szinten az egyik legtöbb általános iskolai diákot támogató, országos hálózattal rendelkező mentorprogram. Az egyetemi hallgatók hátrányos helyzetű régiókban országszerte 104 általános iskola diákjainak nyújtanak segítséget a tanulásban, tágabb környezetük megismerésében és a pályaválasztásban. A jelen tanulmány olyan mentori jó gyakorlatokat mutat be, amelyek célja a program kiemelt eleme, a pályaorientáció, ennek céljaira és a gyakorlati megvalósításra fókuszál. Két nagyobb tematikus egységben azt járja körül, hogy a program hogyan értelmezi a pályaorientációt mint pedagógiai fejlesztő folyamatot, és ez hogyan adja a kísérő kurzusok és a mentorálás kontextusát. Majd az iskolákban a gyakorlatban megvalósuló, kipróbált és a mentorok reflexióival kísért pályaorientációs tevékenységekre hoz példákat.
P. Lakatos Ilona – Minya Károly – Pethő József – Sebestyén Zsolt: Érettségi tételek magyar nyelvből – 96 kidolgozott tétel 8 témakörben (Bodnár Ildikó)
Authors: Ildikó Bodnár
Published: October 2024

-
Detection of autoimmune thyroid diseases in patients with celiac disease
Authors: Aboud Rana S. , Mohammad Haidar J. , Jawad Nawal M.
Published: October 2024

يعتبر مرض حساسية الحنطة من أمراض المناعة الذاتية والذي يحفز من خلال امتصاص  مادة الكلوتين  من الغذاء في الأشخاص  الذين يتحسسون من هذه المادة ويعتبر  هذا المرض وراثي و.إن التعرض لهذا المرض يزداد(10-30) مرة  مقارنة مع باقي  أمراض المناعة الذاتية في عموم الأفراد . وقد لوحظ أن انتشار مرض حساسية الحنطة كان بمعدل (2-5%) من بين أمراض الغدة الدرقية الناتج من أمراض المناعة الذاتية . لأجل التحري عن الغدة الدرقية الذاتية في المرضى المصابين بحساسية الحنطة فقد تم اخذ (22) عينة مصل من المرضى المصابين بحساسية الحنطة بأعمار تتراوح بين (1-13) سنة مع (20) عينة مصل من الأصحاء الذين يعتبرون عينات سيطرة. تم قياس كل من نسبة وجود الأجسام المضادة من نوعIgA  وIgG  ضد مادة الكليادين في عينات الأشخاص قيد الدراسة  من خلال تقنية الاليزا. وقد خضع المرضى الموجبين لاختبار مادة الكليادين  لقياس مستوى هورمونات T3وT4وTSH من خلال نفس التقنية باستخدام أمصال المرضى المصابين بحساسية الحنطة ضد هورمونات T3وT4وTSH . لم تكن هناك فروق معنوية (P>0.0.5)  في مجموعة الدراسة لدى المرضى الذين يعانون من حساسية الحنطة بينما كانت هناك فروق معنوية عالية (P<0.01) مع زيادة مستوى متوسط الجسم المضاد  IgG في أمصال المرضى المصابين بفرط إفراز الغدة الدرقية و الذين يعانون أساسا من مرض حساسية الحنطة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة الطبيعية. إن الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الدراسة هو الكشف عن العلاقة بين أمراض الغدة الدرقية التي تعتبر من أمراض المناعة الذاتية لدى مرضى حساسية الحنطة.
Study the effect of position on the time of astronomical twilight
Authors: Abdulla Fouad  M. , Taha Anas Salman
Published: October 2024

الشفق (Twilight) هو الإضاءة التي تظهر في الأفق قبل شروق الشمس وبعد غروبها، من المعروف فلكياً أن شروق الشمس وغروبها يتأثران بالارتفاع عن مستوى سطح البحر، لكن تأثر مدة الشفق بالارتفاع عن مستوى  سطح البحر مازال غير محسوم ومتار جدل ما بين الفلكيين، تم في هذا البحث  دراسة تأثير الارتفاع عن مستوى سطح البحر على مدة الشفق الفلكي، وذلك بإضافة معادلة تصحيح الارتفاع عن سطح البحر إلى معادلة حساب الشفق ومن ثم حساب تغير مدة الشفق لارتفاعات مختلفة(0ـ10000) متر عن سطح البحر، وان نسبة الزيادة في الزمن مع الارتفاع تتراوح ما بين (20.5-15.45)دقيقة. كما وجد أن هناك زيادة في مدة للشفق على طول السنة عند زيادة الارتفاع عن مستوى سطح البحر والدي يؤكد على  تأثر مدة الشفق الفلكي بالارتفاع عن مستوى سطح البحر، لكن هذا التأثر يكون قويا في الارتفاعات إلى 2000 متر ثم بعد ذلك يقل تأثير الارتفاع ذلك على زيادة مدة الشفق.
Ecological Observations of the Effects of Magnetized Water on the Fresh Water Snail Physa acuta (Draparnoud, 1805)
Authors: Al-Ibady Qater Al-Nada A. , Almukhtar Emaduldeen A. , Rasheed Khaalid A.
Published: October 2024

تعتبر قواقع المياه العذبة النوع Physa acuta  مهمة من الناحية البيئية  في المياه العذبة العراقية لكونه يشكل غذاءا مهما ضمن مكونات السلسلة الغذائية الطبيعية .
 تستخدم المياه الممغنطة في العديد من المجالات البحثية والزراعية والصناعية ولإغراض مختلفة.ولقد أثبتت البحوث العلمية نتائج مهمة لتعريض الكائنات المختلفة للمجال المغناطيسي وفي البحث الحالي  تم تعريض قوقع Physa acuta    إلى شدة مغناطيسية مقدارها 1000غاوس في المختبر وتم مقارنة التأثير مع  مجموعة السيطرة (غير المعاملة) وتم متابعة التغيير في النمو (الطول والوزن) لكلا المجموعتين لأخر يوم من عمر الحيوان. كما تم قياس العوامل البيئية  المؤثرة كدرجة الحرارة والأس الهيدروجيني والتوصيلية الكهربائية والمواد الصلبة الكلية الذائبة بالماء لكلا المجموعتين.
أظهرت الحيوانات المعرضة للشدة 1000غاوس استجابة معنوية مقارنة بحيوانات السيطرة  حيث بلغت أطوال صدفة الحيوانات الكلية بالمليمتر للسيطرة والمعرضة للشدة على التوالي(( 10-1.9 (  12.43-1.83) وأطوال فتحة الصدفة بالمليمتر (6.75-1.3 )( 7-1.3)  وعرض فتحة الصدفة بالمليمتر(3.75-0.88)  ( 6.83-0.83 )  وارتفاع الصدفة بالمليمتر(5.75-0.95) ( 6-1 ) وبلغت معدلات وزن الجسم  بالغرام لحيوانات السيطرة والمعرضة للشدة على التوالي(0.1078 )(0.1631) ومن المحتمل أن تكون النتائج المعنوية عند التعريض للشدة المغناطيسية التي تم الحصول عليها في هذا البحث مرتبطة ببعض الجوانب الحياتية الأخرى كالفعاليات الخلوية والتغيرات الجزيئية .
HISTOLOGICAL STUDY ON OPTIC TECTUM IN IRAQI WATER SNAKE TESSELATA TESSELATA
Authors: Al –BAKRI N.A. , Hussien Azhaar Raheem
Published: October 2024

يمتلك  السقف      Tectumللدماغ المتوسط Mesencephalon  زوجا من الفصوص البصرية  optic    lobes البارزة ويعد مركزا انعكاسيا بصريا optic center reflex تستلم اليافا من شبكية العين eye retina.
         يتألف السقف البصري optic tectum  نسجيا في أفعى الماء العراقية  natrix tesselata  tesselata  من سبع طبقات  رئيسة  فقط مرتبة من الداخل إلى الخارج  وكما ياتي   : الطبقة النطاقية The Stratum Zonula  (SZ) ، الطبقة البصريةThe Stratum Opticum (SO)  ، الطبقة الليفية السنجابية السطحية The Stratum Fibrosum et  Griseum Superfieialis (SFGS)  ، الطبقة السنجابية المركزية  The Stratum Griseum Centrail(SGC) ،الطبقة الالبومية  المركزية The  Stratum Album Central(SAC، الطبقة السنجابية حول البطينيةThe Stratum Griseum Periventricular(SGP)  ،الطبقة الالبومية حول ألبطينيه TheStratum Album Periventricular (SAP)    .
          وتمثل الطبقات الثلاث الأخيرة الطبقات العميقة  Deep layersللسقف البصري لأفعى الماء العراقية .   وتعد الطبقة الأولى وهي الطبقة النطاقية (SZ)  انحف طبقات السقف إذ بلغ سمكها (25-20) مايكروملي ميتر وتمثل طبقة سطحية .أما الطبقة الأكثر سمكا فهي الطبقة الثالثة وهي الطبقة الليفية السنجابية السطحية (SFGS) إذ بلغ سمكها ( 150-180 )مايكروميلي ليتر وتتكون هذه الطبقة من ثلاث طبقات ثانوية هي( a,b,c).
           تدخل الألياف البصرية optic fibers القادمة من شبكية العين عن طريق الطبقة الثانية وهـــــــــــي  الطبقة البصرية (SO) في حين تخرج هذه الألياف من السقف عن طريق الطبقة السادسة  وهي الطبقة السنجابية حول البطينية (SGP). وتتركز الخلايا في الطبقة الرابعة وهي الطبقة السنجابية المركزية(SGC)  إذ تظم ثلاثة أنواع من الخلايا هي – A خلايا عصبية متوسطة الحجم كمثرية الشكل medium pear shape neuron ، B  -خــلايا عصبيــة متــوسطة الحجم مغزلية الشكل medium fusiform neuron ، C  - خلايا عصبية متوسطة الحجم  متعددة الأقطاب medium multipolar  neuron.
Extraction and partial purification for adhesive protein FimH from type-1 pili which isolated from uorpathogenic E.coli
Authors: M Alice K. , Alaubydi Mouruj A.
Published: October 2024

استخلص خمل النمط الاول من عزلة لبكتريا الـ E.coli  معزولة من دراسة سابقة حسب طريقة Brinton المحورة والتي امكن من خلالها الحصول على  2.8 ملغرام خمل / 10 غم بكتريا ، اتبعت طريقة الاذابة واعادة البلورة ، واستعمال سلسلة من المحاليل التي ساعدت على عملية اذابة الشوائب المرافقة لبروتينات الخمل لغرض التنقية وكان ناتج عمليات التنقية الجزئية هذه الحصول على 2.1 ملغم/10غم بكتيريا  . استخلص بروتين الالتصاق  FimH وتنقيته جزئيا باستعمال كروموتوغرافيا الترشيح الهلامي .فوجد ان تركيز بروتين الالتصاق كان 250 مايكروغرام / مل ،في حين بلغ تركيز بروتين الخمل 50.6 مايكرومايكوغرام / مل . ومن خلال تقنية الترحيل الكهربائي باستعمال عديد الاكريل امايد بوجود المادة الماسخة SDS ، تم تحديد الوزن الجزيئي لبروتين الالتصاق وبروتين الخمل حيث بلغ 28300 ، 17500 دالتن على التوالي عند المقارنة بمنحنى البروتينات القياسية .
Determination of Uranium Concentration in child teeth by track detector CR-39 for middle and south of Iraq
Authors: K Nidhala H. , Tawfiq N ada F . , Abdurazak Alya'a
Published: October 2024

إن دراسة تحديد تراكيز اليورانيوم في نماذج اسنان الاطفال(الاناث) هي الأولى من نوعها في القطر إذ أجري في هذه الدراسة قياس تراكيز اليورانيوم لعشرة عينات من أسنان الاناث موزعة على بعض المحافظات الوسطى والجنوبية  من العراق , تضمنت الدراسة محافظات  ( المثنى , ذي قار  , البصرة , النجف , كربلاء , واسط ,بابل , بغداد)
تم قياس تراكيز اليورانيوم في عينات الأسنان عن طريق تسجيل أثار  الانشطار في كاشف الأثر النووي  (CR – 39) الناتجة عن قصف نوى (U) بالنيوترونات  الحرارية من المصدر النيوتروني  (Am  - Be )  بفيض نيتروني بلغ  ( ٰ5x10³ n Cm-² sˉ)
تم تحديد التراكيز بالحسابات المعتمدة على المقارنة مع العينات القياسية ومن خلال النتائج المستحصلة نجد أن تراكيز اليورانيوم في عينات الأسنان لمحافظة المثنى هي (0.022) و(0.038) و(0.056) و(0.089) و(0.15)  و(0.15) و(0.169)و(0.17) Pmm على التوالي .
ويتضح من خلال نتائج الدراسة أن تركيز اليورانيوم في محافظة المثنى هو الأعلى ثم ذي قار  والبصرة والنجف وكربلاء  و واسط وبابل وأخيرا  بغداد .
Emerging perspectives in quality of life after trabeculectomy surgery
Authors: Peixoto Ricardo , Stringa Francesco , Cammack Renee , Liput Joanna , King Anthony
Published: October 2024

Background/objectives Trabeculectomy is the gold standard surgery in treatment of glaucoma but there is little reported on its early impact in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Here we characterise HRQoL in the early post-operative period with two generic patient reported outcome measures tools (PROMs), the EQ-5D and SF-6D, and compare them to visual-related and glaucoma specific PROMs, the VF-25 and GUI.Subjects/Methods We prospectively enrolled 168 patients with failed medical treatment undergoing trabeculectomy and assessed HRQoL at baseline and in the post-operative period using the PROMs above. Paired t-tests, ANOVA and linear regression tests were used to analyse outcomes.Results A significant drop in HRQoL was identified in the first month post-operatively with the SF-6D, the VF-25 and the GUI but not with the EQ-5D. This drop was reversed to pre-operative levels by month 3. Four dimensions of HRQoL, including physical functioning, social functioning, adaptation to physical and to emotional roles had most impact in the generic HRQoL. Visual acuity dropped 1 line in the operated eye at month 1 and was the only measurable clinical factor contributing to HRQoL.Conclusions The early post-operative period in trabeculectomy surgery is associated with a reversible loss of HRQoL, which is the result of transient worsening of vision but also physical, emotional and social restrictions caused by the busy medication regimen and drastic lifestyle changes. The SF-6D was better than the EQ-5D at picking up changes in HRQoL.
Effects of Trichinella spiralis and its serine protease inhibitors on intestinal mucosal barrier function
Authors: Wang Ruibiao , Zhang Yuheng , Li Zhixin , Zhen Jingbo , Li Qiankun , Zhang Qi , Yang Yuqi , Liu Xueting , Lu Yixin
Published: October 2024

T. spiralis is a highly pathogenic zoonotic nematode that poses significant public health risks and causes substantial economic losses. Understanding its invasion mechanisms is crucial. This study explored the role of serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) secreted by T. spiralis in disrupting the host intestinal epithelial barrier. The effects of T. spiralis infection on the jejunal barrier function in mice were investigated. Histopathological analysis showed significant jejunal damage, peaking at day 7 post-infection (dpi). RT-qPCR and Western blotting revealed marked reductions in tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-3), mucins (MUC-1, MUC-2), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10) from 1 to 15 dpi, along with increased expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR-1, TLR-2, TLR-4) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β). Recombinant SPIs (rKaSPI, rAdSPI) were purified and co-cultured with intestinal epithelial cells (IPECs) and used in mouse models. The protein expression changes in IPECs and mice were consistent with those in T. spiralis-infected tissues. Both SPIs downregulated ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-3, MUC-1, MUC-2, TGF-β, and IL-10, while upregulating TLR-4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, disrupting the intestinal barrier and exacerbating inflammation. Notably, rAdSPI had a more pronounced effect. In summary, T. spiralis infection caused significant jejunal damage and disrupted the intestinal barrier. T. spiralis-secreted SPIs, especially AdSPI, played a pivotal role, facilitating invasion by compromising the host’s intestinal barrier and promoting inflammation. This study provides insights into T. spiralis invasion mechanisms and potential targets for trichinellosis prevention and control.
MR imaging findings of hepatic pseudolymphoma: common and rare features
Authors: Zhao Xiaoer , Li Junhao , Chen Lingli , Ji Yuan , Zeng Mengsu , Wang Mingliang
Published: October 2024

Purpose To summarize the common and rare MR imaging features of hepatic pseudolymphoma (HPL).
Methods This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board. 35 patients (mean age, 53.2 years) with 50 HPLs underwent enhanced MR. MR images were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.
Results There are 3 males and 32 females (8.6% vs 91.4%). 27 patients with single lesion and 8 patients with multiple lesions. Among the 50 HPLs, 90% of HPLs size ≤ 20mm, 92% were regular, and 92% were ill-defined. 7 and 5 patients had a history of malignant tumor and chronic liver disease. Tumor markers were negative in all patients. All 50 HPLs were low T1 SI, high T2 SI, high DWI SI, low ADC value, and adjacent to veins. 72% of HPLs were adjacent to the portal vein, 18% to the hepatic vein and 10% to the inferior vena cava. 72% of HPLs showed "linear sign" and "angular sign". There was a favorable agreement between "linear sign" and "angular sign" (kappa = 0.802, R < 0.001). 88% of HPLs showed “ring sign”. There were four enhancement patterns of HPLs (Table 2), wash out (46%), degressive (26%), persistent (18%) and progressive (10%). There were 2 patients with pathologically confirmed extra-hepatic pseudolymphomas. The largest HPL was 50mm in length with central cystic necrosis.
Conclusions The common features of HPL are small, single, regular, adjacent to veins, low T1 SI, high T2 SI, high DWI SI and low ADC value. “Linear sign”, “angular sign” and “ring sign” could be seen as common features of HPL. The rare features of HPL included extra-hepatic lesion and central cystic necrosis.
Combined inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase and WEE1 induces synergistic anticancer activity in Ewing's sarcoma cells
Authors: Ziener Judy , Henao-Restrepo Julián Andrés , Leonhardi Johanna , Sturm Max-Johann , Becker Sabine , Morales-Prieto Diana M. , Milde Till , Beck James F. , Sonnemann Jürgen
Published: October 2024

Background
Ewing's sarcoma is a childhood bone and soft tissue cancer with poor prognosis. Treatment outcomes for Ewing's sarcoma patients have improved only modestly over the past decades, making the development of new treatment strategies paramount. In this study, the combined targeting of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and WEE1 was explored for its effectiveness against Ewing's sarcoma cells.
Methods
The RNR inhibitor triapine and the WEE1 inhibitors adavosertib and ZN-c3 were tested in p53 wild-type and p53 mutant Ewing's sarcoma cells. The combination of adavosertib with the PARP inhibitors olaparib and veliparib was tested for comparison. Combinatorial effects were determined by flow cytometric analyses of cell death, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation as well as by caspase 3/7 activity assay, immunoblotting and real-time RT-PCR. The drug interactions were assessed using combination index analysis.
Results
RNR and WEE1 inhibitors were weakly to moderately effective on their own, but highly effective in combination. The combination treatments were similarly effective in p53 wild-type and p53 mutant cells. They synergistically induced cell death and cooperated to elicit mitochondrial membrane potential decay, to activate caspase 3/7 and to trigger DNA fragmentation, evidencing the induction of the apoptotic cell death cascade. They also cooperated to boost CHK1 phosphorylation, indicating augmented replication stress after combination treatment. In comparison, the combination of adavosertib with PARP inhibitors produced weaker synergistic effects.
Conclusion
Our findings show that combined inhibition of RNR and WEE1 was effective against Ewing's sarcoma in vitro. They thus provide a rationale for the evaluation of the potential of combined targeting of RNR and WEE1 in Ewing's sarcoma in vivo.
Joint association of TyG index and LDL-C with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with cardio-renal-metabolic disease
Authors: Lai Wenguang , Lin Yucui , Gao Zhiyong , Huang Zhidong , Zhang Tingting
Published: October 2024

Background: Both the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are independent risk factors for long-term prognosis among patients with cardio-renal-metabolic (CRM) disease. However, the co-exposures of TyG index and LDL-C to all-cause and cardiovascular death among patients with CRM remain unknown.
Methods:Patients with CRM from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (1999–2018) were included. The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Multivariable Cox and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models were used to estimate the individual and joint association of TyG index and LDL-C with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The interaction between the TyG index and LDL-C to mortality was also evaluated.
Results: During a median follow-up of 7.6 years, there were 1608 (22.8%) and 609 (8.4%) patients who died from all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. In patients with LDL-C<2.6 mmol/L, no significant differences were observed in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality when comparing higher TyG index to the lowest tertile (T1). Specifically, the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality in the second (T2) and third tertiles (T3) were 0.81 (95%CI: 0.59–1.09) and 0.87 (95%CI: 0.62–1.22), respectively, with a P for trend of 0.468. For cardiovascular mortality, the HRs for T2 and T3 compared to T1 were 0.80 (95%CI: 0.48–1.32) and 0.72 (95%CI: 0.45–1.15), respectively, with a P for trend of 0.173. However, elevated TyG index was related to markedly increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with LDL-C≥2.6 mmol/L. Specifically, for all-cause mortality, HRs for T2 and T3 compared to T1 were 1.01 (95%CI: 0.79–1.28) and 1.38 (95%CI: 1.07–1.79), respectively, with a P for trend of 0.009. For cardiovascular mortality, the HRs were 1.09 (95% CI: 0.72–1.65) for T2 and 1.80 (95% CI: 1.18–2.75) for T3, with a P for trend of 0.005. Similar results were found in RCS and sensitivity analyses. Interactive analysis also demonstrated that a significant association of TyG index and LDL-C with the risk of all-cause (P for interaction=0.011) and cardiovascular (P for interaction=0.050) mortality was observed.
Conclusions: Our research demonstrated the co-exposure effects between the TyG index and LDL-C on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Elevated TyG index can significantly increase the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality only among CRM patients with LDL-C ≥ 2.6 mmol/L, but not among patients with LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L.
Disparities in Immunotherapy Access for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer across the United States
Authors: Khalid Abdullah , Faiz Zohaa , Shah Manav , Newman Elliot , King Daniel A. , DePeralta Danielle , Gholami Sepideh , Weiss Matthew J. , Melis Marcovalerio
Published: October 2024

Background:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly lethal cancer with a poor prognosis, is expected to become the second deadliest cancer in the United States by 2030. Despite advancements in treatment modalities, the survival rates of patients with PDAC have remained low. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for various cancers; however, its utilization in PDAC has been limited due to various challenges, including resistance mechanisms and the advanced stage at which most patients are diagnosed.
Methods:
We analyzed data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2010 to 2017, focusing on the impact of race, insurance status, and socioeconomic factors among patients with stage IV PDAC using logistic regression analyses.
Results:
Among 109,663 patients with stage IV PDAC, 421 (0.38%) received immunotherapy. The recipients were younger (median age 63 vs. 68 years, p < 0.001) and more likely to be white (87.4% vs. 82.1%). Patients with private insurance or Medicare (p < 0.001), and those earning more than $60k annually (51.0% vs. 36.4%, p < 0.001) were more likely to receive immunotherapy. Treatment was more likely in academic/research programs than in community cancer programs (53.0% vs. community, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, Black patients had lower odds of receiving immunotherapy than Caucasian patients (OR: 0.74 [95% CI: 0.601–0.882], p = 0.019). Higher income was also a significant predictor of immunotherapy utilization (highest vs. lowest income quartile: OR, 2.228 [95% CI: 1.422–3.491], p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
This study revealed significant disparities in immunotherapy access for stage IV PDAC based on race, socioeconomic status, and geographic location in the United States, highlighting the need for intervention to promote equitable access to this promising treatment modality.
Evaluation of vitamin D supplementation on treatment of Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with dyspepsia, A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zendehdel Abolfazl , Jamalimoghadamsiyahkali Saeidreza , Sharifi Alireza , Dabiri Koorosh , heidarizadi Somayeh
Published: October 2024

Objective:
Considering the effects of vitamin D on inflammation and various infections, this study aims to determine if combining vitamin D supplements with anti-Helicobacter pylori antibiotic treatment can improve treatment and eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Method
This study was conducted as a randomised clinical trial (RCT) on 110 patients over 18 years of age with Helicobacter pylori infection. At the beginning of the study, each patient received an oral vitamin D supplement of 50,000 units weekly, while in the control group, each patient received a placebo vitamin D supplement.After 6 weeks, the patients were treated with anti-Helicobacter antibiotics for 5 days.
Results
The results of this study showed that in the group receiving vitamin D, compared to the control group, the negative rate of Helicobacter pylori antigen in stool and response to treatment was 2.8 times higher (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
This study, which is the first clinical trial on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection(At the time of this research), shows that antibiotic treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection significantly increased in the vitamin D-supplemented group.This means that vitamin D can be effective in improving Helicobacter pylori infection through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Trial registration
The trial registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (code# IRCT20180922041089N2). URL: https://www.irct.ir/trial/35683
Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, Pathogenicity and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Clostridioides Difficile From Clinical Samples in South Eastern Nigeria.
Authors: Oghonyon Eddison Igho , Ugwu Malachy C. , Esimone Charles O. , Onah Anthony Ik
Published: October 2024

The prevalence, molecular characterization, pathogenicity and antibioticsensitivity pattern of Clostridioides difficile from clinical samples in South-Eastern Nigeria wereevaluated in this study. Stool samples (450) were collected from patientsinsome selected public and private-owned clinics in the five South-Eastern states. Standard bacteriological methods were employed for enumeration of total anaerobes. Culture of Clostridioides difficile isolates were performed on Clostridium difficile differential agar (supplemented with C. difficile selective supplement). Biochemical tests like catalase, oxidase and reverse CAMP test were conducted before extraction of genomic bacterial DNA for suspected C. difficile isolates. Purification and amplification of bacterial DNA was carried out on 2% agarose gel. Amplified bacteria DNA was sequenced and blasted on the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. Antibiotics susceptibility was carried out for C. difficile isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. PCR technique was employed for the detection of virulence (tcdA, tcdB, cdtAandcdtB) and resistance genes (tetS, tetAandermB) in C. difficile isolates. Anaerobe counts for stool samples obtained showed that samples had a mean count of 5.63±0.09 log10CFU/g (Anambra state) while counts of 5.61±0.11 log10CFU/g and 5.65±0.07 log10CFU/g were obtained from Ebonyi and Enugu States. The antibacterial sensitivity revealed that the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, meropenem and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The isolates were resistant to tetracyclines and erythromycin, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index of theisolates showed that the multi-drug resistant isolates had a MAR index of 0.44. All (14 C. difficile isolates) (100%) of C. difficile isolates were found to possess tcdBgenes, and 69.56% expressed tcdAgenes. One (4.34%) of the C. difficile isolatespossessed cdtAand cdtBgenes for binary toxin production.
YOLO-LF:A lightweight model for fire detection
Authors: Hu Jiusong , Liu Wang , Hou Tianmu , Zhou Chang , Zhong Hao , Li Zhaohui
Published: October 2024

In the domain of fire prevention and emergency response, precise and prompt flame identification is of paramount importance.However, existing methodologies confront challenges such as indistinct target boundaries, obscuration by smoke, detectionof small targets, and background clutter. To address these issues, this paper introduces YOLO-LF, a lightweight variant ofthe YOLO model, based on the YOLOv8 framework. Firstly, we incorporate StarNet, a lightweight network, as the backbone.StarNet leverages multiscale feature extraction and depthwise separable convolutions to capture the intricate edges of flames,thereby enhancing detection accuracy. Secondly, we introduce the Mixed Local Channel Attention (MLCA) mechanism,which automatically adjusts the weight distribution among channels, intensifying the representation of flame features andimproving detection performance in smoky environments. Thirdly, FasterBlock is integrated into the C2F module, augmentingthe effect of feature fusion and increasing sensitivity to small-scale flames. Lastly, EfficientDet serves as the detection head,combining multiscale feature fusion and attention mechanisms to accurately locate flames against complex backgrounds.Weconduct experiments using a custom dataset that includes challenging samples, built upon the publicly available DFS dataset.The results demonstrate that YOLO-LF outperforms comparable methods on both the public and custom datasets. Notably,compared to YOLOv8, YOLO-LF achieves a 4.3% improvement in accuracy on the public dataset, while reducing the number ofparameters by 40%, decreasing GFLOPs by 30%, and increasing frames per second (FPS) by 41%.
Molecular and Histological Responses to AOM in Apex1 Haploinsufficient Mice Reveal a Protective Role of Ape1 in Liver Tissue
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Carmen , Rodríguez-Muñoz Adlin , Mackenzie Gerardo G. , Matsukuma Karen , Castro-Achi María , Ayala-Peña Sylvette , Torres-Ramos Carlos A.
Published: October 2024

Strong evidence indicates that in liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, there is a reduction of mitochondrial components, particularly mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), thus suggesting that loss of mtDNA integrity plays an essential role in the development of liver pathologies. However, little is known about mtDNA repair's contribution to maintaining mtDNA and the prevention of liver-related diseases. We hypothesize that APE1, the main apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease that participates in base excision repair-mediated mtDNA repair, is required for the maintenance of mtDNA integrity after liver injury. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model with a heterozygous null mutation in the Apex1 gene, which encodes APE1. Liver tissue was evaluated for molecular and histological effects after treatment with the alkylating agent azoxymethane (AOM), a carcinogen widely used for the induction of colorectal cancer in rodents. AOM is bioactivated in the liver, thus this organ could represent a primary target of AOM action and a model for liver injury. We treated WT and Apex1+/− mice with AOM (10 mg/kg body weight) once a week for 4 weeks and liver tissue was harvested 24 weeks after the first dose. Using a PCR-based approach, we observe a 3.2-fold increase in mtDNA damage and a concomitant 55% decrease in mtDNA abundance only in tissue from Apex1+/− mice. To study the bioenergetics status of liver tissues after AOM treatment, we determined the relative protein levels of ATP5β (an oxidative phosphorylation marker) and GAPDH (a glycolysis marker). We observed a 1.5-fold increase and a 2.5-fold increase in the ATP5β/GAPDH in WT and Apex1+/− mice, respectively, indicative of increased oxidative phosphorylation in response to AOM-induced alkylation damage. The noted alterations occur within significant histological transformations, including increased nuclear inclusions and ductular proliferation in liver tissue triggered by AOM in both strains of mice. In contrast, indicators of inflammation and hepatocyte injury, such as portal inflammation and fibrosis, were attenuated only in Apex1+/− mice. In summary, these findings underscore the pivotal role of APE1 in the response of liver tissue to AOM-induced liver damage.
Bayesian Analysis of the Rate of Spontaneous Malignant Mesothelioma Among BAP1 Mutant Mice in the Absence of Asbestos Exposure
Authors: Nielsen Dahlia M. , Hsu Mei , Zapata Michael , Ciavarra Giovanni , Zyl Leonel
Published: October 2024

Cancers of the mesothelium, such as malignant mesothelioma (MM), historically have been attributed solely to exposure to asbestos. Recent large scale genetic and genomic functional studies now show that approximately 20% of all human mesotheliomas are causally linked to highly penetrant inherited (germline) pathogenic mutations in numerous cancer related genes. The rarity of these mutations in humans makes it difficult to perform statistically conclusive genetic studies to understand their biological effects. This has created a disconnect between functional and epidemiological studies. However, since the molecular pathogenesis of MM in mice accurately recapitulates that of human disease, this disconnect between functional and epidemiological studies can be overcome by using inbred mouse strains that harbor mutation(s) in genes involved in the disease. Most mouse studies have focused on the effect of asbestos exposure, leaving the effects of genetic mutations in the absence of exposure understudied. Here, using existing peer-reviewed studies, we investigate the rate of spontaneous MM among mice with and without germline genetic mutations, in the absence of asbestos exposure. We leveraged these published data to generate a historical control dataset (HCD) to allow us to improve statistical power and account for genetic heterogeneity between studies. Our Bayesian analyses indicate that the odds of spontaneous MM among germline BAP1 mutant mice is substantially larger than that of wildtype mice. These results support the existing biological study findings that mesotheliomas can arise in the presence of pathogenic germline mutations, independently of asbestos exposure.
PMFNet: Pyramid Parsing and Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Network for TBM Muck Image Segmentation
Authors: zhang yongzhuang , yuan baoxi , sun jingbo , yuan ziqi , guo jianxin
Published: October 2024

The Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is the main construction equipment for modern tunnel construction. The accurate segmentation of muck images is beneficial to improving the TBM excavation efficiency and ensuring construction safety. Existing muck image segmentation methods have some problems, including inadequate feature extraction capabilities, and poor segmentation results for images with dense muck fragments. To solve these problems, we propose a muck image segmentation method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) encoder-decoder architecture, named Pyramid Parsing and Multiscale Feature Fusion Network (PMFNet). Our method uses a Pyramid Pooling Parsing module (PPP_Block) to enhance the network's ability to obtain global contextual information, while increasing the receptive field to extract multi-scale and spatial feature information in muck images. At the same time, we use the CARAFE_Block for upsampling to restore the spatial dimensions of the feature map. To better extract edge feature information of muck, we introduce an attention mechanism (Attention_Block) to enhance the segmentation ability of the network. Finally, we construct a multi-scale feature fusion module (MSFF_Block) to further obtain texture features and global contextual features. We conducted extensive experiments on a real muck image dataset obtained from the TBM excavation scene, and the results show that PMFNet achieves an Intersection over Union (IoU), pixel accuracy (PA), and F1-Score of 60.72%, 70.37%, and 73.94%, respectively, which are better than other methods. Our method has fewer computational parameters, faster inference speed, and reaches 52 FPS, which can meet the needs of actual TBM excavation sites.