bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI BAWANG MERAH DI DESA TONSEWER SELATAN KECAMATAN TOMPASO BARAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Ia Katika Enda , Pakasi Caronline B. D. , Sondak Lorraine W. Th.
Published: July 2019

This study aims to analyze the income of red onion farming in Tonsewer Village, West Tompaso Sub-district, Minahasa Regency. The data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through prepared statement list while secondary data was obtained from BP3K West Tompaso Sub-district (Central Bureau of Statistics), internet and previous research. This research was conducted in South Tonsewer Village, West Tompaso Sub-district,which is a production center of red onion. Sample research method is done by purposive sampling (purposely), where the sample is obtained based on information from the respondents who have been interviewed. Data is presented in numerical and quantitative form. Variable measurement concept used is selling price and production costs. The results of this study indicate that the people of South Tonsewer Village rely on the field of agriculture especially the red onion, because it has a bright prospect in the sense worth to be cultivated (profitable). This can be indicated from the R / C ratio. Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C) is 1.77 of the calculation of revenue divided by total cost. This means that every Rp.1.00 cost incurred will get revenue amounting to Rp.1.77 Criteria R / C> 1 = the farmers of farmers on the farmers of red onion on the South Tonsewer beneficial.*lwths*.
PEMANFAATAN LAHAN TIDUR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN USAHA PERTANIAN DI KELURAHAN WALIAN SATU KOTA TOMOHON
Authors: Rumagit Grace A. J. , Memah Melsje Yellie
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the Community Partnership Program (PKM) in utilizing of idle land to increase agricultural business is to improve community welfare through diversification of agricultural businesses on idle land. This research was conducted in Walian Satu Village, South Tomohon Subdistrict, Tomohon City, for 10 months from February to November 2018 at Wawo farmer groups and Sapa farmer groups, each with 5 members so that the total members were 10 people. Criteria for achieving community partnership program activities (PKM) are: (1) land processing skills, (2) number and quality of production, (3) marketing, (4) income of group members, and (5) institutions and management. The results achieved through the community partnership program (PKM) are (1) increasing knowledge and skills of farmer group members in managing land. The expertise and knowledge possessed by farmer groups now has increased and has an effect on productivity and agricultural products, (2) intensive farming extention and supporting carried out by the team makes farmer groups experience increased insight in farming to be more increasing, both in its number and quality. (3) Limitations in funding make farmers difficult to manage land and choose to find other jobs. However with the funding from DP2M DIKTI, land management can be done well and farmer groups can develop their agricultural businesses and marketing. (4) Obstacles in cultivating of land and the desire to change professions are no longer the main thing due to various assistance in the form of seeds, agricultural equipment, funding, farming extention and supporting by the PKM team to develop agricultural businesses so that their income increases. (5) Debriefing knowledge about management and group institutions makes farmer groups better able to manage their farming.*jnkd*.
PERAN LEMBAGA PEMBERDAYAAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DALAM PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PEREMPUAN DESA SEA KECAMATAN PINELENG KABUPATEN MINHASA
Authors: Pakudek Morton ., , Wangke Welson Marthen , Susana Benu Olfie Liesje
Published: July 2019

This study aims to find out how the role of the Family Welfare Empowerment Institution (PKK or FWE) in enhancing women's capacity through the 10 main programs of PKK and to find out how to increasewomen's capacity through the application of 10 main PKK programs. The location of this study was in the Sea from June to August 2018. Data collection was carried out by interview technique directly to 30 respondents based on the questionnaire prepared in advance. The results obtained from this study using the Likert scale analysis showed that the FWE (PKK) Institution of the Sea Village, Pineleng Sub-district, Minahasa District in increasing women's capacity based on the 10 main programs of Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) was in a total score of 880 with an interpretation of 88.88 % or categorized as a play role, and the capacity of women in the Sea Village of Pinelang District, Minahasa District through the application of the 10 main programs of Family Welfare Empowerment in a total score of 1,021 with an interpretation of 87.26% or categorized as increasing.*eprm*.
KINERJA KEUANGAN USAHA TAHU UD SUYATMO DI KELURAHAN KLEAK KECAMATAN MALALAYANG KOTA MANADO
Authors: Langkay Mentari ., , Manginsela Elsje Pauline , Ruauw Eyverson .,
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of "UD Suyatmo" Tofu Business in Kleak Village, Malalayang District, Manado. The data used in this study are primary data taken from the business in the form of data in 2016 and 2017. The results show TATO (Total Assets Turn Over) in 2016 of 4.1 times and in 2017 amounting to 4.8 times a year. FATO (Fixed Asset Turn Over) in 2017 is 6.2 times and 2017 is 8.2 times a year. Both are above the industry average which shows that the performance of this business is in good condition. NPM (Net Profit Margin) in 2016 was 61% and 2017 was 46%. NPM is above the industry standard which means that the company's financial performance is in a good category. 2017 ROE (Return On Equity) is 22% and 2016 is 26%. 2016 ROA (Return On Total Assets) was 26% and 2017 amounted to 22%. Both are below industry standards which show the company's financial performance is not good.*eprm*.
ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN USAHA PIA MELATI DI KELURAHAN MARIYAI KABUPATEN SORONG PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Fanindi Doan Irando , Sondakh Mex Frans Lodwyk , Rori Yolanda Pinky Ivanna
Published: July 2019

This study aims to calculate the business profit of "Pia Melati" in Mariyai Village, Sorong Regency, West Papua. This research was conducted for 3 months from September to November 2017. Data collection method used in this study is survey method. Data used is primary data by interviewingtechniques to business owners using a questionnaire. Secondary data was obtained from the Food and Industrial Processing Service of Sorong Regency. The results of this study indicate that this business costsfor a month is Rp.57,162,654, revenue is Rp.77,625,000 and profit is Rp.20,012,346. R/C ratio of 1.35, is indicated that this business is profitable.*llr+eprm*
ANALISIS PEMASARAN JAGUNG DI DESA DIMEMBE KECAMATAN DIMEMBE KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Wowiling Cendy Claudia , Pangemanan Lyndon R. J. , Dumais Joachim N. K.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to analyze the marketing of corn in each marketing channel in the village of Dimembe, Dimembe Subdistrict, North Minahasa Regency. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from interviews with 15 farmers while secondary data from the Village Office, North Minahasa Statistics Agency and the North Sulawesi Provincial Statistics Agency. The sampling method used the snowball sampling method. Data analysis methods are analysis of Marketing Channel, Marketing Agency, Marketing Margin and Marketing Costs. The results showed that there were three types of marketing channels, namely the first marketing channel: Farmers to Consumers; second marketing channel 2 from Farmers toRetailers then to Consumers; and the third marketing channel from Farmers to Collector Traders then arrived at the Consumer. Marketing margin on marketing channel I is Rp 213.33 / kg, on marketing channel II is Rp 1,500.00 / kg, and on marketing channel III is Rp 2,500.00 / kg. The highest share received by farmers is in the marketing channel I at 93.90%. While the lowest share received by farmers is in marketing channel III, which is equal to 58.33%. Thus it can be concluded that the longer the marketing channel, the greater the marketing margin and vice versa. And also the shorter the marketing channel the greater the share received by the farmer and vice versa. *lrr + eprm *
NILAI TUKAR PETANI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN TOMPASO BARU KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Pelengkahu Julietta Christi , Laoh Olly Esry Harryani , Pangemanan Paulus Adrian
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the exchange rate of wetland rice farmers in New Tompaso District, South Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted for three months from September to November 2018. The data used were primary and secondary data. Primary data collection through direct interviews with 39 respondents of wetland rice farmers who were randomly determined. Interviews using a questionnaire prepared previously. Secondary data was collected from the Tompaso Baru District office in the form of a profile of research location, and from the internet through google searching in the form of journal articles that relevant to this research. Furthermore, the data is calculated using the formula for the exchange rate of lowland rice farmers. The results of the research that have been conducted show that the exchange rate of lowland rice farmers with an area of equal and less than 1 ha is 68.32, which means that rice farmers do not have other jobs, the farmers are unable to meet their family's daily needs. While the exchange rate of paddy rice farmers with a land area of more than 1 ha is 101.44, meaning that if the paddy farmers do not have other jobs, then the farmer is still able to meet the daily needs of his family. Thus to meet the daily needs of his family, for lowland rice farmers who only depend on the source of income from rice farming business, they must have a minimum is greater than 1 hectare of paddy field area.*eprm*
ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN USAHA TEMPE SUMARKO DI KELURAHAN TELING ATAS KECAMATAN WANEA KOTA MANADO
Authors: Porajouw Winda Lita Theresia , Dumais Joachim Noch Karel , Rori Yolanda Pinky Ivanna
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research is to analyze the profit of Tempe Sumarko Business in Teling Atas Village, Wanea Subdistrict Manado City. This research was conducted for 3 months, starting from January to March 2019. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primarydata was obtained from a direct interview with the owner of Tempe Sumarko Business. While secondary data was obtained from books available at local bookstores and the internet such as google searching to access articles from various scientific journals and thesis from other universities related to the topic of this research, especially concerning profit analysis. The results of the research indicated that Tempe Sumarko Business is profitable. The profit in December 2018 was Rp. 3.746.432,78 with the value of R/C ratio >1 which was 1,24 and the profit in January 2019 was Rp. 5.216.432,78 with the value of R/C ratio which was 1,35.*jnkd+erprm*
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR JALAN DI LINGKUNGAN KALATIN KELURAHAN LOWU UTARA
Authors: Ponowu Marland Novel , Pakasi Caroline Betsi Diana , Maweikere Audrey Julia Maria
Published: July 2019

This study aims to support community empowerment and increase the income of the community in road infrastructure development in the Kalatin Village, North Lowu Subdistrict, Ratahan District. Data collection is carried out for 3 months, from June 2018 to August 2018. The collected data isarranged quantitatively collected in the form of a table with sample of 30 respondents. This study uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from interviews and questionnaires for the people living in the Kalatin Village and secondary data obtained from the relevant agencies. The results of the study show how community empowerment through cooperation to carry out the construction of road infrastructure in the Kalatin Village is well run by the Kalatin Village community to do various forms of participation in the form of work and food and beverages. The construction of road infrastructure in the Kalatin Village provides an increase in revenue of 14.29% - 650% or 6 times the revenue when the road has not been repaired. This is because the road infrastructure access to the marketing of commodities both inside and outside the Kalatin Village.*erprm*
ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN USAHA JAMUR TIRAM (Pleurotus sp) PADA BELLA FARM DI DESA MOKUPA KECAMATAN TOMBARIRI KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Lahama Cynthia Meylin , Pangemanan Paulus Adrian , Kumaat Ribka Magdalena
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research is to analyze the profit received by Bella Farm in one production of Oyster Mushrooms for three months. The research was conducted in December 2018 to February 2019, starting from preparation to preparing the report. The data used are primary. Primary data was obtained from direct interviews with oyster mushroom business owner Bella Farm. While secondary data was obtained from the North Sulawesi Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Service, the internet through Google in the form of journal articles and theses related to this research. Data collected in this study are presented in table form and then described and analyzed using profit analysis. Profits are obtained from the difference between revenue and costs incurred. The results ofthe research showed that Bella Farm in Mokupa Village, Tombariri Sub-district, Minahasa Regency received a profit of Rp. 24.714.705 per one-time production process for three months at a cost of Rp.22.185.295 and the value of R / C cost revenue is 2.11, which means that Bella Farm has a profit.*jnkd+eprm*
KAJIAN MODAL SOSIAL PADA KELOMPOK TANI SUKA MAJU DAN KELOMPOK TANI TUMOU TOU DI DESA KOPIWANGKER KECAMATAN LANGOWAN BARAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Wowiling Hansen Jeremia , Sendow Martha Mareyke , Wangke Welson Marthen
Published: July 2019

The research was conducted from September 2018 to February 2019, starting from preparation to preparing the report. The sampling method in this study was to use the Total Sampling method with a number of samples taken as many as 100% of the members of two farmer groups namely Suka Maju farmer groups as many as 17 respondents and Tumou Tou farmer groups as many as 17 respondents. The total number of respondents was 34 farmers. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected by interviewing all respondents with the help of a list of questions prepared before. Secondary data was collected from documents owned by both farmer groups, local bookstores, the internet through google search engines in the form of books and “skripsi” related to the topic of this research, namely farmers' social capital. Data analysis was carried out descriptively which was presented in table form and then interpreted. The results showed that the elements of social capital namely norms, networks, beliefs, reciprocal relationships, and values have been able to improve the existence and cohesiveness of Suka Maju farmer groups because the social capital of Suka Maju farmer groups is very good compared to Tumou Tou farmer groups. Viewed from all sides, the Tani Suka Maju group has better social capital than the Tumou Tou farmer group. Thus to improve the existence and cohesiveness of Tumou Tou farmer group like Suka Maju farmer group, it is necessary to improve thequality of social capital as owned by farmer groups Suka Maju.*eprm*
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI BUNGA POTONG (Studi Kasus Petani Bunga Krisan Putih di Kelurahan Kakaskasen Dua Kecamatan Tomohon Utara Kota Tomohon)
Authors: Pangemanan L. , Kapantow G. , Watung M.
Published: July 2019

The study entitled "Income Analysis of Cut Flowers Farming (case study of White Chrysanthemumflower farmers at village of Kakaskasen Two, disctrict of North Tomohon)" was conducted to determinehow much farmers’ income from White Chrysanthemum flower farming in village of Kakaskasen Two,disctrict of North Tomohon and is expected to provide information to farmers about the number of farmers'income from White Chrysanthemum flower farming .The study lasted from October 2010 until December 2010 starting from data collecting up to preparationof the report. Areas of research conducted in the village of Kakaskasen Two, district of North Tomohon.The retrieved data are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from 20 respondentsof White Chrysanthemum flower farmers, which is taken directly appoint (purposive sampling) and secondarydata obtained from the office of village of Kakaskasen Two. Income is calculated using the revenueanalysis. This analysis can also determine the level of farming efficiency which is calculated by dividingthe revenues and costs.Advantage of White Chrysanthemum flower farming compared to other farming is the use of land thatis not too large, on a narrow land, White Chrysanthemums flower can be developed. Other advantagescompared to other cut flowers is that White Chrysanthemum flower resistant to dust volcanic Mount Lokon.Chrysanthemum cultivation activities in the village of Kakaskasen Two is the main income source forfarmers to meet the needs of family farmers. This research shows that farmers’ income derived fromfarming of White Chrysanthemum flower is Rp11,132,146 by the efficiency is 4.43. In other words, farmingof White Chrysanthemum flower is profitable for farmers.
ANALISIS EKONOMI PROGRAM KAWASAN INDUSTRI AGRO TERPADU (KIAT) PROVINSI GORONTALO
Authors: Katiandagho Theodora M
Published: July 2019

This research has been conducted in the Integrated Agro Industrial Area (TIP) Province of Gorontalo in November 2010 using the data and using linear programming models. The research aims to find the product combination of corn chips, nuts disco, peanuts eggs should be produced to achieve maximum profit, find out how much the maximum advantage can be achieved by TIPS, and TIPS determine the pattern of production, it is optimal or not. The results showed that the combination product should be produced (packaging / wrappers) sequentially from X1 to X13 are 2545, 314, 76.130, 344, 509, 331, 172, 7, 311, 180, 854, 7. The combination product is a combination of products that can provide maximum benefit. The maximum profit that can be achieved by following the TIP with the combination product that is equal to Rp8.770.206. This advantage is greater than the actual clappers TIPS. TIPS production pattern is not optimal, because for some products there is still a considerable difference between the optimal production and actual production in which the optimal production gives better results (large), and also there is no actual product produced equal to optimal production
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI PADI SAWAH DENGAN KEI-KUTSERTAAN DALAM PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI DESA KAMANGA KECAMATAN TOMPASO KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Wangke Welson Marthen
Published: July 2019

This study aims to analyze the relationship between socio-economic characteristics rice farmers in participat-ing in agricultural extension in the Village District of Tompaso Kamanga.The method used in this research is quantitative method. The research was conducted in the Village District of Tompaso Kamanga Minahasa regency. The number of respondents were 30 farmers: Simple Random Sam-pling. By using questionnaires. The variables measured were: age is measured in (year), education is formal education (elementary Graduate, Graduate from junior high school, go to college, PT), revenue is measured from the income of the paddy rice farming (USD), the status of land ownership (see from their own land and tenants and or penyakap), participation in agricultural extension (seen from the frequency of attendance). To determine the socio-economic factors that influence the selection of a variety of extension methods used Spearman Rank correlation formula (Siegel, 1997). The results showed that the characteristics of the mem-bers of the real touch with the level of participation and vice versa if the value of the probability (P)> α, mean that there is no real relationship between the characteristics of the members of the participation rate.Keywords: Relationship, Characteristics, Farmers, Agricultural Extension
A novel three-component reaction between isocyanides, alcohols or thiols and elemental sulfur: a mild, catalyst-free approach towards O-thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates
Authors: Németh András György , Keserű György Miklós , Ábrányi-Balogh Péter
Published: July 2019

A new multicomponent reaction has been developed between isocyanides, sulfur and alcohols or thiols under mild reaction conditions to afford O-thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates in moderate to good yields. The one-pot reaction cascade involves the formation of an isothiocyanate intermediate, thus a catalyst-free synthesis of isothiocyanates, as valuable building blocks from isocyanides and sulfur is proposed, as well. The synthetic procedure suits the demand of a modern organic chemist, as it tolerates a wide range of functional groups, it is atom economic and easily scalable.
Colors of Trans-Neptunian Contact Binaries
Authors: Thirouin Audrey , Sheppard Scott S.
Published: July 2019

The g′r′i′ colors of seven likely and potential contact binaries in the Kuiper Belt were acquired with the Magellan-Baade telescope and combined with colors from the literature to understand contact binary surfaces. The likely and potential contact binaries discovered in the dynamically cold classical population display very red/ultra-red colors. Such colors are common in this sub-population and imply that the cold classical contact binaries were formed in situ. The likely contact binaries found in several mean motion resonances with Neptune have colors from moderately to ultra-red, suggesting different formation regions. Among the nine contact binaries discovered in resonances, five have very red/ultra-red colors and four have moderately red surfaces. Based on the very red/ultra-red colors and low to moderate inclinations of the contact binaries in resonances, these contact binaries are possibly escaped dynamically cold classicals that are now trapped in resonances. Moderately red surfaces are common in diverse sub-populations of the Kuiper Belt, thus pinpointing their origin is difficult though they are most likely captured objects that formed in the giant planet area. Finally, for the contact binary population we report an anti-correlation between inclination and g′–r′, as noticed in the rest of this belt. We also find hints of trends between eccentricity, perihelion distance, rotational period, and g′–r′, but as we are still dealing with a limited sample, additional data are required to confirm them.
Liste commentée des Cleroidea (Coleoptera) de Suisse
Authors: Chittaro Yannick , Sanchez Andreas
Published: July 2019

Une liste actualisée des espèces suisses appartenant à la superfamille des Cleroidea est présentée et brièvement commentée. La présence de 106 espèces de Biphyllidae (2 espèces), Byturidae (2), Cleridae (18), Melyridae (66), Phloiophilidae (1), Rhadalidae (8) et Trogossitidae (9) est attestée en Suisse sur la base de 18’989 occurrences issues de l’identification de spécimens de musées et de collections privées, ainsi que de la littérature. En parallèle, 37 espèces annoncées de Suisse par le passé sont exclues de la liste car insuffisamment documentées.
A Workflow for Data Extraction from Digitized Herbarium Specimens
Authors: Younis Sohaib , Schmidt Marco , Seeger Bernhard , Hickler Thomas , Weiland Claus
Published: July 2019

Based on own work on species and trait recognition and complementary studies from other working groups, we present a workflow for data extraction from digitized herbarium specimens using convolutional neural networks. Digitized herbarium sheets contain:

preserved plant material as well as additional objects:

the label containing information on the collection event,

annotations such as revision labels, or notes on material extraction,

identifiers such as barcodes or numbers,

envelopes for loose plant material and

often scale bars and color charts used in the digitization process.

preserved plant material as well as additional objects:

the label containing information on the collection event,

annotations such as revision labels, or notes on material extraction,

identifiers such as barcodes or numbers,

envelopes for loose plant material and

often scale bars and color charts used in the digitization process.

In order to treat these objects appropriately, segmentation techniques (Triki et al. 2018) will be applied to localize and identify the different kinds of objects for specific treatments. Detecting presence of plant organs such as leaves, flowers or fruits is already a first step in data extraction potentially useful for phenological studies. Plant organs will be subject to routines for quantitative (Gaikwad et al. 2018) and qualitative (Younis et al. 2018) trait recognition routines. Text-based objects can be treated as described by Kirchhoff et al. 2018, using OCR techniques and considering the many collection-specific terms and abbreviations as described in Schröder 2019. Additionally, species recognition (Younis et al. 2018) will be applied in order to help further identification of incompletely identified collection items or to detect possible misidentifications. All steps described above need sufficient training data including labelling that may be obtained from collection metadata and trait databases.

In order to deal with new incoming digitized collections, unseen data or categories, we propose implementation of a new Deep Learning approach, so-called Lifelong Learning: Past knowledge of the network is dynamically saved in latent space using autoencoder and generatively replayed while the network is trained on new tasks which enables it to solve complex image processing tasks without forgetting former knowledge while incrementally learning new classes and knowledge.
A minimum set of Information Standards for Essential Biodiversity Variables
Authors: Fernández Néstor , Guralnick Robert , Kissling W. Daniel
Published: July 2019

Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) are integrated information products typically derived from disparate sources of primary observations combined by the use of biodiversity models and data integration algorithms. Furthermore, developing policy-relevant indicators from EBVs requires an additional level of integration between datasets that inform on different facets of biodiversity, e.g. at levels from species to ecosystems. The development and dissemination of EBVs requires that the origin of the primary observations, models and algorithms, measurement uncertainties, and the scope of application are consistently reported and traceable. To support this process, the GEO BON Taskforce for Essential Biodiversity Variables - Data is developing the Minimum Information Standards (MIS) for EBVs. MIS are sets of specifications for describing datasets that aim to standardize data reporting and to maximize its discoverability and interoperability. Here we present a community effort to generate minimum standards that can be used across all the EBV classes, including genetic composition, species populations and traits, and the composition, structure and function of ecosystems. MIS for Essential Biodiversity Variables is founded in the description of the EBV-data cube as the unifying framework to deliver interoperable biodiversity observations. They summarize aspects of the spatial and temporal domains of the datasets, as well as uncertainty and bias reporting. Furthermore, they identify traceability along the EBV production workflow from the identification of primary observations to the derivation of a spatially and temporally consistent EBV product. MIS also incorporate the GEOSS proposed principles for data management. Finally, a metadata publishing toolkit ensures that EBVs are discoverable and used under the auspices of GEO BON.
Morphology and phylogeny reveal two novel Coryneum species from China
Authors: Jiang Ning , Voglmayr Hermann , Tian Cheng-Ming
Published: July 2019

Coryneum is currently the sole genus of Coryneaceae in Diaporthales, distinguished from other diaporthalean genera by transversely distoseptate brown conidia. However, Coryneum species are presently difficult to identify because of variability and overlap of morphological characters and the lack of sequence data for most described species. During fungal collection trips in China, 13 Coryneum isolates were obtained from cankered branches of Ilex and Quercus. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, TEF1-α and RPB2) revealed that these strains belong to two new species (viz. Coryneumilicissp. nov. and C.songshanensesp. nov.), and three known species, C.gigasporum, C.sinense, and C.suttonii. Coryneumilicis has larger conidia and more distosepta than most Coryneum species. Coryneumsongshanense was similar to C.sinense from the same host genus, Quercus, in conidial length, but distinct in conidial width and by molecular data.
Le positionnement des soignants face aux patients : un exercice d’équilibriste ?
Authors: Estrate Margot , Lacour Frédérique
Published: July 2019

La relation entre les personnes soignées à domicile, leur entourage et les professionnels est ponctuée d’inconnu, d’inédit, de surprise. Nous vous soumettons quelques éléments de réflexion, en nous appuyant sur des situations concrètes, afin de décrypter « les comportements », identifier les enjeux possibles.
TéléPallia ©
Authors: Mulot Marine , Duminy Bénédicte , Lemaire Antoine
Published: July 2019

Les évolutions législatives insistent sur la formalisation d’un volet soins palliatifs dans le projet d’établissement des Établissements d’Hébergement pour Personnes Âgées Dépendantes (EHPAD) en France. TéléPallia © a été le premier projet de télémédecine dédié aux soins palliatifs en France, à l’initiative de l’Équipe Mobile de Soins Palliatifs (EMSP) du Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes (CHV), et auprès de huit EHPAD pilotes. Cette expérimentation a permis, depuis 2015, l’optimisation du parcours de soin des résidents en fin de vie, l’amélioration de leur qualité de vie, la mise en œuvre de la collégialité, la formation et l’acculturation des soignants d’EHPAD à la démarche palliative, ainsi que le soutien des soignants et des proches.
Chapitre 7. Changements climatiques et assurance
Authors: Robineau Matthieu
Published: July 2019

Les changements climatiques interpellent l’assurance parce qu’ils la confrontent à l’incertitude : les risques évoluent aussi bien en termes de fréquence que d’intensité, sans qu’il soit possible de mesurer l’ampleur de ces mutations. Le texte qui suit entend d’abord interroger la manière dont l’assurance prend en compte les changements climatiques, aussi bien d’un point de vue actuariel que politique. Ce sont ainsi les principes et la normativité de l’assurance qui sont sollicités. La réflexion se prolonge par l’examen des dispositifs de couverture, aussi bien les plus classiques, dont la pérennité est menacée par les changements climatiques, que les plus innovants, qui ont davantage à voir avec la finance qu’avec l’assurance.
L’émergence au prisme des agences de notation
Authors: Montalieu Thierry
Published: July 2019

Alors que les concepts d’émergence et de risque semblent appartenir à des mondes différents, ils répondent cependant à des logiques convergentes, en particulier la volonté d’offrir aux analystes et aux décideurs des typologies à même de comparer les expériences et les politiques économiques des nations en développement. Ce constat s’est plutôt renforcé avec les épisodes récurrents de crises financières et la mise en avant des principes de soutenabilité et de crédibilité des stratégies économiques. Des éléments statistiques descriptifs (graphiques, corrélations simples) sont utilisés pour visualiser convergences ou divergences entre mesure du niveau de développement et mesure du risque-pays et surtout repérer les cas limites ou les exceptions. Classification JEL : O10, O57, Y10
Atributos patrimoniales y gestión del paisaje vitivinícola en espacios de montaña: la Sierra de Salamanca
Authors: Baraja Rodríguez Eugenio , Herrero Luque Daniel , Martínez Arnáiz Marta , Plaza Gutiérrez Juan Ignacio
Published: July 2019

El sector vitivinícola se ha convertido en uno de los soportes más sólidos de la industria agroalimentaria de Castilla y León. Sin embargo, se ha prestado muy poca atención a su paisaje y a los valores patrimoniales que contiene. Como consecuencia de la falta de reconocimiento, se carece de mecanismos de gestión que orienten sus transformaciones y velen por la preservación de sus atributos más significativos. El presente artículo analiza las herramientas de gestión paisajística en uno de los ámbitos de montaña con mayor densidad patrimonial de España, la Sierra de Salamanca, con el objetivo de valorar las posibilidades que ofrece el Programa MaB (Unesco) en la Reserva de la Biosfera de las Sierras de Béjar y Francia para la preservación del paisaje vitivinícola de la DOP Sierra de Salamanca.
Balance de las reformas agrarias en África bajo los gobiernos de partido único (1945-1980)
Authors: Martín Martín Víctor Onésimo , Jerez Darias Luis Manuel , Martín Fernández Carlos Santiago
Published: July 2019

El continente africano tiene hoy el mayor porcentaje de población rural del mundo: dos de cada tres habitantes del África al Sur del Sáhara. Pero contrasta el hecho de que sea también el lugar del planeta donde el hambre, la desnutrición y la pobreza se manifiestan de manera más patente y donde la denominada soberanía alimentaria está lejos de conseguirse. Por tanto, el análisis de las políticas agrarias, y más concretamente de las políticas de reforma de las estructuras agrarias (sistemas de propiedad y tenencia de la tierra) pueden ayudar a comprender las causas de ese contraste. Se estudian las reformas agrarias de este continente que han tenido lugar entre 1945 y 1980. Nuestra conclusión es que un primer balance de las reformas agrarias implementadas en esos años nos permite señalar que no se solucionaron las deficientes estructuras agrarias en los recién nacidos Estados africanos. La cuestión agraria en África siguió pendiente.
Conditional Value-at-Risk-Based Portfolio Optimization
Authors: Ray Jhuma , Bhattacharyya Siddhartha , Bhupendro Singh N.
Published: July 2019

Over the past few decades, an extensive research on the multi-objective decision making and combinatorial optimization of real world's financial transactions has taken place. The modern capital market theory problem of portfolio optimization stands to be a multi-objective problem aiming at the maximization of the expected return of the portfolio in turn minimizing portfolio risk. The conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) is a widely used measure for determining the risk measures of a portfolio in volatile market conditions. A heuristic approach to portfolio optimization problem using ant colony optimization (ACO) technique centering on optimizing the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) measure in different market conditions based on several objectives and constraints has been reported in this paper. The proposed ACO approach is proved to be reliable on a collection of several real-life financial instruments as compared to its value-at-risk (VaR) counterpart. The results obtained show encouraging avenues in determining optimal portfolio returns.
Application of Fuzzy Expert System for Analyzing Agriculture Data
Authors: Majumdar Jharna , Ankalaki Shilpa , Prabaaker Sabari
Published: July 2019

Agriculture plays a major role in the Indian economy. India is rich in production of crops like rice, cotton, wheat, soybean, sugar; fruits and vegetables like onion, tomatoes, potatoes; dairy; and meat products. India is ranked first worldwide for the production of banana, jute, mango, cardamom, and ranked second worldwide for the production of rice, tomato, potato, and milk. India's agriculture contributed 4759.48 INR billion to the GDP during the first three months of 2018, and it has been reduced drastically during the second three months of 2018 (i.e., it has been reduced to 4197.47 INR billion). The average GDP is 4057.73 INR billion from 2011 until 2018; the agricultural contribution to GDP reached its highest level, that is 5666.82 INR billion, in the last three months of 2017. This chapter explores the application of fuzzy expert systems for analyzing agricultural data.
Enhanced Fuzzy Assessment Methodology to Find Overlapping in Membership Function Using K Ratio to Find the Yield of Rice
Authors: Kalpana M. , Kumar A. V. Senthil
Published: July 2019

Fuzzy expert systems are designed based on fuzzy logic and deal with fuzzy sets. Many fuzzy expert systems have been developed for diagnosis. Fuzzy expert systems are developed using fuzzification interface, enhanced fuzzy assessment methodology, and defuzzification interface. Fuzzification helps to convert crisp values into fuzzy values. By applying the enhanced fuzzy assessment methodology for rice, the yield parameters of rice can be diagnosed with number of tillers per hill, number of grains per panicle, and 1000 grain weight. Pest and disease incidence becomes simple for scientists. Enhanced fuzzy assessment methodology for rice uses triangular membership function with Mamdani's inference and K Ratio. Defuzzification interface is adopted to convert the fuzzy values into crisp values. Performance of the system can be evaluated using the accuracy level. Accuracy is the proportion of the total number of predictions that are correct. The proposed algorithm was implemented using MATLAB fuzzy logic tool box to construct fuzzy expert system for rice.
Smart Grid
Authors: Pajila P. J. Beslin , Julie E. Golden
Published: July 2019

Smart grid is a new emerging trend as it is more efficient because of its computation process and energy utilization. It provides many benefits due to the communication between the service company and users. Smart grid includes smart metering, which is used to collect the data from the appliances, devices, sensors, etc. and transfer the data to the network, and the data is analyzed for energy consumption. The transmission and distribution of energy; the smart grid architecture; communication technologies like LAN, HAN, and NAN; and security and privacy challenges are discussed in this chapter.
IoT for Waste Management
Authors: Thirumal Jaganthan , Devi Usha Kingsly , Dynisha S.
Published: July 2019

Smart cities incorporate information and communication technology to enhance the quality and performance of urban services. The element of smart cities includes physical infrastructure and IoT technology, which gives a framework, methodology, technology, and management solution and efficient waste handling and reduction with the assistance of software analysis tools. It provides effective environmental resource flow integration. IoT system provides a digital access to waste management. This system uses online smart monitor sensors that monitor the performance of water supply and effluent handling system utilizing a cloud-based platform. This enhances real-time planned performance and increases life-cycle equipment. This technique enhances the synergistic use of resources due to climate mitigation and adaptation for sustainable growth and this technology also uses air quality sensors across the city to collect open data platform for monitoring and reducing primary and secondary pollutants and systematically instruct the pollutant-causing sources to maintain ambient air quality.
Farming 4.0
Authors: Radhakrishnan Saravanan , Vijayarajan V.
Published: July 2019

Generally, the rate of technological advancement is increasing with time. Specifically, the technologies that are the building blocks of Farming 4.0 are now advancing at a rapid pace never witnessed before. In this chapter, the authors study the advances of major core technologies and their applicability to creating a smart farm system. Special emphasis is laid on cost of the technology; for, expensive technology will still keep small farmers at bay as major population of farmers inherently are new to technology, if not averse. The authors also present the pros and cons of alternatives in each of the subsystems in the smart farm system.
Teacher Constructed Theories for a Post-Method Paradigm
Authors: Harvey Natalie McKeba , McDonald Nyree McLean
Published: July 2019

Although there are many educational contexts that allow the freedom of an out-of-the-box approach in the transactions of teaching and learning, there are still many systems that are quite prescriptive. The very nature of teacher preparation, particularly in the Western world, lays out a prescriptive methodology that educators are told should be implemented in order to achieve results. Educators find it difficult to construct their own pedagogy given an unfamiliar context for fear of deviating from the way it should be done or has always been done. This chapter explores how educators can modify prescribed methodologies, as well as conceptualize and construct “intuitive pedagogies” based on Kumaravadivelu's three Ps: particularity, practicality, and possibility.
The Jamaican Corner in a Virginian Classroom
Authors: Feraria Paula Andreene
Published: July 2019

A Jamaican teacher recruited to teach English in Virginia, USA reconstructed her childhood and adolescent experiences, which had nurtured sensitivity towards place and space in her own acquisition and learning of English. This sensitivity to place and space later gained pedagogical significance as she recognized that she had to reckon not only with geographical distance from her homeland but the cultural divide in her classroom with Hispanic and Chinese students who spoke mono-syllabic English and the American students who faced challenges with her Standard Jamaican English accent. There was, however, one thing that everyone in this multi-cultural classroom had in common: the concept “Bob Marley.” This thirst for more information about the Jamaican Reggae icon gave birth to the Jamaican Corner. From this corner, the students and their teacher, the researcher, navigated cultural borders through language and developed respect for the cultural diversity in their classroom.
Student Support for Information and Communication Technology Modules in Open Distance Environments
Authors: Goosen Leilani , Van Heerden Dalize
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the chapter relates to providing perspectives on students' uptake of virtual learning environment (VLE) technologies in an information and communication technology (ICT) module taught in an open and distance e-learning (ODeL) environment. With the aim of helping students to access the assessment and support provided via the VLE, possibly improving the pass rate of the module, it provides readers with an overview and summary of the content of this chapter. Examples of how concepts are formulated within the theoretical and conceptual framework are provided. The chapter also includes a literature review on research into students' uptake of VLE technologies, to increase pass rates, in some cases in ODeL environments. The methodology adopted a non-experimental quantitative research design. The data collection instrument was a survey. Before concluding, solutions and results are presented, together with recommendations regarding improving implementing VLE technologies for an ICT module in an ODeL environment.
Blogging as a Supportive E-Pedagogical Strategy in the Teaching Methodology of Economics
Authors: van Wyk Micheal M.
Published: July 2019

In the past decade, Web 2.0 technologies, such as blogs, Twitter, Facebook, and WhatsApp, emerged as online tools for teaching and learning. One particular Web 2.0 e-learning tool, blogging, has emerged as a technology-integrated teaching strategy to engage and support students learning in contact, blended, and open distance learning spaces. The purpose of this chapter is to determine to what extent does blogging as an e-pedagogical strategy supporting students in the Teaching Methodology of Economics. A pragmatic approach, an exploratory mixed methods design and purposively sampled postgraduate students (n=209) in Teaching Methodology for Economics were selected. Results have shown that students do visit the blog platform for support daily. Furthermore, blogging as an e-pedagogical strategy supporting students in the Teaching Methodology of Economics showed statistically significant differences using blogging as a supportive e-pedagogical strategy in an open distance-learning context.
Flipping the Second Year Pre-Service Chemistry Teacher Classroom
Authors: Koopman Oscar
Published: July 2019

This chapter is a recount of the author's experiences in flipping his second year Chemistry classroom during the #Fallism movement at a University of Technology in South Africa. The main aim of this chapter is to narrate how the author used online-platforms, such as Blackboard, social media (WhatsApp), and YouTube, to not only complete his curriculum during this period but also how he used these Web 2.0 applications to support his students in completing their tasks. In this chapter “support” refers to how the author used various online tools (Blackboard, WhatsApp, YouTube) to communicate, design, and develop his lessons, and present them with their associated assessment tasks. A direct consequence of this flipped classroom model was self-directed and deeper learning in Chemistry.
Plastic Waste Environmental and Human Health Impacts
Authors: Manzoor Javid , Sharma Manoj , Sofi Irfan Rashid , Dar Ashaq Ahmad
Published: July 2019

Plastics have become a vital asset for humanity. Plastics are known as synthetic materials produced from synthetic or semi-synthetic organic polymers derived from petro-based chemicals, able to displace traditional natural polymeric materials (wood, stone, ceramics, etc.). Plastics have malformed everyday life; usage is increasing, and annual production is likely to exceed 300 million tons by 2010. In this chapter, the authors blend current understanding of the benefits and concerns surrounding the use of plastics and look to future priorities, challenges, and opportunities. Plastics case serious environmental pollution such as soil pollution, water pollution, and air pollution. Application of proper rules and regulations for the production and use of plastics can reduce the toxic effects of plastics on human health and the environment.
Alternatives for Treatment and Disposal Cost Reduction of Regulated Medical Waste
Authors: Gul Sobiya , Shah Tasaduq Hussain , Javeed Hafsa
Published: July 2019

The link between human health and environmental quality is made clearer; the commitment to safeguarding the natural environment is growing in major institutions as the health care industry. New and greater opportunities will open up to reinforce our primary institutional mission-that of caring for the health needs of the community we serve, which include caring for the environment. Developing and implementing effective programs to reduce, recycle and minimize the toxicity of hospital generated wastes (even wastes generated in the care and treatment of patients can be reduced) is one of the most significant environmental challenges the health care industry faces. Hospitals generate one of the most diverse and difficult to manage waste. The amount of medical waste produced by hospitals may vary due to a number of factors, including the hospital type and size, occupancy rate, in- and outpatient ratio, geographic location, state and local waste handling regulations, and hospital waste disposal policies.