bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of an antibiotic stewardship program on antibiotic utilization, bacterial susceptibilities, and cost of antibiotics
Authors: Aiesh Banan M. , Nazzal Maisa A. , Abdelhaq Aroub I. , Abutaha Shatha A. , Zyoud Sa’ed H. , Sabateen Ali
Published: March 2023

Antimicrobial misuse is a worldwide issue, and antimicrobial resistance is considered the most challenging aspect of health care. It has been reported that as much as 30–50% of antimicrobials prescribed in hospitals are deemed unnecessary or inappropriate. Antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) include policies that apply continuous management of judicious anti-infectious treatment in the clinical setting. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of ASPs on antibiotic consumption, the costs of antibiotic expenditure, and the sensitivity of antimicrobials. A retrospective, quasi-experimental study was performed to assess the effect of ASP at An-Najah National University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in the West Bank, Palestine, over a period of 20 months before and 17 months after the implementation of the ASP. Data on antibiotic consumption were reported monthly as days of therapy per 1000 patient-days and monthly costs (USD/1000 patient-days). A total of 2367 patients who received one or more of the targeted antibiotics (meropenem, colistin and tigecycline) during their hospital stay were included in the study. They have split into two groups: 1710 patients in the pre-ASP group, and 657 patients in the post ASP group. The most significant reduction in DOT per 1000 patient-days was seen with tigecycline, with a percentage of change of − 62.08%. Furthermore, the mean cost of the three antibiotics decreased significantly by 55.5% in the post-ASP phase compared to the pre-ASP phase. After the implementation of ASP, there was a statistically significant increase in susceptibility to meropenem, piperacillin and piperacillin/tazobactam with respect to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, changes in mortality rates were not statistically significant (p = 0.057). ASP positively reduced costs and antimicrobial consumption, with no statistically significant effect on the overall mortality rate. However, a long-term evaluation of the ASP's impact is needed to conclude its lasting impact on infection-related mortality and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
Synthesis and characterization of a fluorescent polymeric nano-thermometer: dynamic monitoring of 3D temperature distribution in co-cultured tumor spheroids
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Goudar Venkanagouda S. , Kaladharan Kiran , Santra Tuhin Subhra , Tseng Fan-Gang
Published: March 2023

FPNTs were synthesized to measure the temperature dynamically inin vitro3D co-cultured tumor spheroids.
Bioinspired molecular engineering of bivalent aptamers by ligand-induced self-dimerization
Authors: Xu Shujuan , He Lei , Chen Fengming , Dang Wenya , Xie Sitao , Li Long , Cui Cheng , Yang Yu , Liu Yanlan , Tan Weihong
Published: March 2023

A bioinspired “point-and-shoot” molecular strategy is reported to construct noncovalent bivalent aptamers with enhanced stability and binding ability mediated by a K+-induced reassembly mechanism.
A collaborative diffusion mechanism of multiple atoms during Cu–Ag bimetal surface reconstruction
Authors: Yan Xue , Wang Xiangxiang , Han Jingli , Du Xiangjian , Liu Zhongyi , Yang Yongpeng
Published: March 2023

Multiple atom collaborative diffusion during Cu–Ag bimetal reconstruction with or without CO adsorption.
Impact sensitivities of energetic materials derived from easy-to-compute ab initio rate constants
Authors: Claveau Romain , Glorian Julien , Mathieu Didier
Published: March 2023

Impact sensitivities of energetic materials are correlated to ab intio rate constants, resulting in a practical method to estimate the drop weight impact height.
Continuous production of amines directly from alkenes via cyclodextrin-mediated hydroaminomethylation using only water as the solvent
Authors: Roth Thomas , Evertz Rebecca , Kopplin Niklas , Tilloy Sébastien , Monflier Eric , Vogt Dieter , Seidensticker Thomas
Published: March 2023

A continuous process of hydroaminomethylation in an aqueous multiphase system utilizing the green mass transfer agents randomly-methylated-β-cyclodextrins was established.
A dual-emitting immunosensor based on manganese dioxide nanoflowers and zinc sulfide quantum dots with enhanced electrochemiluminescence performance for the ultrasensitive detection of procalcitonin
Authors: Wang Na , Yang Juan , Luo Zhi , Qin Dongmiao , Wu Yusheng , Deng Biyang
Published: March 2023

MnO2NFs and AgNPs were used as co-reaction accelerators of S2O82− to generate more SO4˙−. MnO2NFs were also used as cathode ECL emitters, whose ECL is superimposed with the ECL of ZnSQDs for increasing the ECL signal of this system.
Overcoming challenges in 67Zn NMR: a new strategy of signal enhancement for MOF characterization
Authors: Zhang Wanli , Hassan Alia , Struppe Jochem , Monette Martine , Hung Ivan , Gan Zhehong , Martins Vinicius , Terskikh Victor , Huang Yining
Published: March 2023

Combining a cryogenic MAS probe and high magnetic field results in remarkable signal enhancement, permitting MOF characterization by 67Zn 3QMAS NMR at natural abundance.
Mechanistic study on the structure–property relationship of flexible organic crystals
Authors: Zhao Hongtu , Zhang Xiunan , Chen Kui , Wu Wenbo , Li Shuyu , Wang Ting , Huang Xin , Wang Na , Zhou Lina , Hao Hongxun
Published: March 2023

Different polymorphs exhibit different mechanical properties, which is beneficial to establishing the relationship between the structure and properties from a crystal engineering perspective.
Low-frequency inductive features in the electrochemical impedance spectra of mass-transport limited redox reactions
Authors: Choudhury Debittree , Das Rubul , Maurya Rajan , Gupta Geetanksha , Neergat Manoj
Published: March 2023

The trend in low-frequency (lf) inductive features in the EI spectrum of a mass-transport limited reaction.
Engineering supramolecular helical assemblies via interplay between carbon(sp) tetrel and halogen bonding interactions
Authors: Dedeoglu Burcu , Gürek Ayşe Gül , Zorlu Yunus , Ayhan Mehmet Menaf
Published: March 2023

Building supramolecular helical structures is a challenge due to difficulties in the design and control of competitive noncovalent forces.
Hydrogen bond properties of Se in [ROH–Se(CH3)2] complexes (R = H, CH3, C2H5): matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations
Authors: Pal Dhritabrata , Agrawal Sumit Kumar , Chakraborty Amrita , Chakraborty Shamik
Published: March 2023

Se is a potential centre for hydrogen bond interactions.
Probing kinetic and mechanistic features of bulk azide–alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Galukhin Andrey , Aleshin Roman , Nosov Roman , Vyazovkin Sergey
Published: March 2023

Experimental kinetic study of bulk azide–alkyne cycloaddition reveals the concerted mechanism of the formation of both possible regioisomers.
Analysis of intermolecular interactions ofn-perfluoroalkanes with circumcoronene using dispersion-corrected DFT calculations: comparison with those ofn-alkanes
Authors: Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Tsuzuki Seiji
Published: March 2023

Dispersion-corrected DFT calculations quantitatively revealed the interactions ofn-alkanes andn-perfluoroalkanes with circumcoronene as the models of molecular adsorption on graphite.
Biological conversion of cyclic ketones from catalytic fast pyrolysis with Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Borchert Andrew J. , Wilson A. Nolan , Michener William E. , Roback Joseph , Henson William R. , Ramirez Kelsey J. , Beckham Gregg T.
Published: March 2023

A chemical fraction enriched in cyclic ketones, was isolated from ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) bio-oil and valorized to hydroxy and dicarboxylic acids by an engineered Pseudomonas putida strain.
Highly efficient grafting of polyvinyl acetate onto cellulose nanocrystals in the aqueous phase
Authors: Liu Yunxiao , Xu Hongze , Zhou Lijuan , Zhang Jianming
Published: March 2023

This study proposes a method of highly efficient grafting polymerization of bio-based monomers on the surface of CNCs in the aqueous phase.
A new supramolecular semiconductor palladium(ii) complex [(CH3)3N(CH2)3Br]2Pd2Cl6: structural study, optical and electrical properties
Authors: Dakhlaoui Imen , Karoui Karim , Hajlaoui Fadhel , Zaghrioui Mustapha , Audebrand Nathalie , Dallon Marie , Jomni Fathi
Published: March 2023

Hybrid organic–inorganic lead-free halide materials have attracted widespread attention due to their applications in the field of optoelectronics.
A sustainable approach for nickel nanoparticles synthesis: expeditious access to N-heterocycles under heterogeneous condition and photophysical studies
Authors: R. Thrilokraj , Hegde Rajeev V. , Ghosh Arnab , Limaye Akshay S. , Rode Haridas B. , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Dateer Ramesh B.
Published: March 2023

A sustainable and environmentally benign biogenic technique for one-step synthesis of Ni-NPs (NiC2O4·2H2O-NPs) using Portulaca oleracea (purslane) leaf extract has been disclosed for the first time.
Boosting the broadband orange emission in organic–inorganic hybrid (DPG)3InBr6viaantimony doping
Authors: Jin Shuya , Wei Qilin , Peng Hui , Ke Bao , Lin Wenchao , He Bin , Zhong Xianci , Zou Bingsuo
Published: March 2023

(DPG)3InBr6has two emission bands located at 470 and 630 nm. After Sb3+doping, the weak high energy emission disappears which is derived from its energy transfer to low energy state. Inset: the synthesized single crystal photo under daylight and UV-365 nm.
Atomically isolated and unsaturated Sb sites created on Sb2S3for highly selective NO electroreduction to NH3
Authors: Chen Kai , Zhang Ying , Du Wenyu , Guo Yali , Chu Ke
Published: March 2023

Sb2S3comprising atomically isolated and unsaturated Sb (SbAIU) sites is demonstrated as an efficient catalyst for NORR, attributed to the critical role of SbAIUsites in promoting NORR and inhibiting competitive hydrogen evolution.
Cancer cell membrane-camouflaged and H2O2-activatable nanocomposites for synergistic chemotherapy and two-photon photodynamic therapy against melanoma
Authors: Gao Siyuan , Wei Fangmian , Karges Johannes , Zhao Yukun , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: March 2023

An encapsulation of cyclometalated iridium(iii) prodrugs into selenium nanoparticles, which were further camouflaged with cancer cell membranes, was developed for synergistic chemotherapy and two-photon photodynamic therapy against melanoma.
High‐precision skeleton‐based human repetitive action counting
Authors: Li Chengxian , Shao Ming , Yang Qirui , Xia Siyu
Published: March 2023

A novel counting model is presented by the authors to estimate the number of repetitive actions in temporal 3D skeleton data. As per the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work of this kind using skeleton data for high‐precision repetitive action counting. Different from existing works on RGB video data, the authors’ model follows a bottom‐up pipeline to clip the sub‐action first followed by robust aggregation in inference. First, novel counting loss functions and robust inference with backtracking is proposed to pursue precise per‐frame count as well as overall count with boundary frames. Second, an efficient synthetic approach is proposed to augment skeleton data in training and thus avoid time‐consuming repetitive action data collection work. Finally, a challenging human repetitive action counting dataset named VSRep is collected with various types of action to evaluate the proposed model. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed counting model outperforms existing video‐based methods by a large margin in terms of accuracy in real‐time inference.
Calculation and analysis of the unbalanced magnetic thrust for the linear motor drive motion system
Authors: Yang Xiaojun , Xuan Jianlin , Yang Zhaohui
Published: March 2023

The unbalanced magnetic thrust caused by the mover eccentricity for the linear motor drive motion system is analytically represented. Firstly, the relative complex magnetic permeability function is introduced to represent the effects of the mechanical installation errors and vibrations on the mover eccentricity. Then, the distortion of the magnetic field caused by the mover eccentricity is represented based on the Maxwell equation. The spectrum characteristics of the unbalanced magnetic thrust force is analytically calculated taking into account the harmonics in the drive circuit. Finally, the validity of the theoretically analysis is verified by the experiments. The results show that the static eccentricity caused by the mechanical installation error will produce the unbalanced magnetic thrust, affecting the thrust characteristics of the linear motor. In particular, the dynamic mover eccentricity caused by the mechanical vibration will produce paired unbalanced magnetic thrust harmonics on both sides of the original thrust harmonics, deteriorating the dynamic precision and efficiency of the direct drive motion system.
System‐based specifications for better design of ground‐penetrating radar antennas
Authors: Wagner Samuel , Hossain Ababil , Pancrazio Stephen , Pham Anh‐Vu
Published: March 2023

Currently, no publicly available comprehensive set of specifications exists for the design of ground‐penetrating radar antennas. Specifications are presented and derived for the design of a ground‐penetrating radar antenna based on the antenna's interaction with the rest of the radar system. Typically, ground‐penetrating radar antenna engineers are given basic parameters such as gain and bandwidth to design an antenna. An antenna can be designed to meet those specifications but may not perform well in a ground‐penetrating radar imaging system. By considering the whole system, including the operation parameters, expected targets, and signal processing algorithms, we can constrain the less‐commonly considered performance aspects of an antenna to perform more reliably in a deployment. We propose quantitative specifications for the antenna's coupling, beamwidth, boresight radar cross‐section, pulse integrity, residual ringing, and front‐to‐back ratio. Meeting these antenna specifications will decrease the probability that a deficiency in the antenna design impacts the radar's image output. Finally, a summarised design equation table that will be helpful in the ground‐penetrating radar antenna community at large is offered.
Partial discharge signal compression reconstruction method based on transfer sparse representation and dual residual ratio threshold
Authors: Zhao Shice , Zhao Hongshan , Libo Ma , Yuehan Qu , Hui Ren
Published: March 2023

Partial discharge (PD) signals have a large amount of data and a low energy proportion of pulse signals, resulting in difficult data transmission and poor reconstruction efficiency. To this end, a PD signal compression reconstruction method based on transfer sparse representation and dual residual ratio threshold (TSR‐DRRT) is proposed. TSR‐DRRT is centred on the sparse representation (SR) and accurate reconstruction of noisy signals. The intrinsic pulse of PD signals is extracted by signal decomposition, and jointly trained with different types of signals to establish the transfer SR dictionary. The compressed signal accurately retains the essential characteristics of the pulse information by improving the match between the dictionary atoms and the polymorphic PD pulses. To match the transfer SR dictionary, the inner and outer DRRT iteration termination conditions are set adaptively during the reconstruction process based on the correlation difference between the dictionary and signal frames. Independent control of PD pulse recognition and reconstruction accuracy is achieved, and its performance under noisy signals is improved. The results show that the method can achieve high ratio compression and efficient reconstruction of noisy signals. Different types of PD signals can also have high matching accuracy. This method can meet the demand for PD signals compression and transmission to the terminal for accurate reconstruction.
A light strange star in the remnant HESS J1731−347: Minimal consistency checks
Authors: Horvath J. E. , Rocha L. S. , de Sá L. M. , Moraes P. H. R. S. , Barão L. G. , de Avellar M. G. B. , Bernardo A. , Bachega R. R. A.
Published: March 2023

Context. Recently, Doroshenko and collaborators reported a very low-mass compact star, a Central Compact Object named XMMU J173203.3−344518 inside the supernova remnant HESS J1731−347. Its tiny mass is at odds with all calculations of minimum masses of neutron stars generated by iron cores, therefore (and even if not compellingly) it has been suggested to be a “strange star”. In addition to the mass, the radius and surface temperature were extracted from the data, and the whole body of information should ultimately reveal whether this object is truly consistent with an exotic composition.

Aims. Our aim is to understand the status of the compact object XMMU J173203.3−344518 in HESS J1731−347 within the existing models of strange stars, including its prompt formation.

Methods. The information obtained on the mass, radius and surface temperature are compared to theoretical calculations performed within usual theoretical models using General Relativity as the assumed theory of gravitation and a handful of cooling scenarios. A qualitative discussion showing the consistency of the strange-matter driven supernova scenario with a low-mass compact star is provided.

Results. We found that the object HESS J1731−347 fits within the same quark star models recently employed to explain the masses and radii of the NICER objects PSR J040+6620 and PSR J0030+0451, in which both quantities were simultaneously determined. It is also remarkable to find that a simple cooling scenario devised 30 yr ago with superconducting quarks provides an overall good explanation of the surface temperature.

Conclusions. We conclude that XMMU J173203.3−344518 in the remnant HESS J1731−347 fits into a strange star scenario that is also consistent with heavier compact stars, which can also belong to the same class and constitute an homogeneous type of self-bound objects produced in Nature.
S1-Leitlinie Interdisziplinäre Diagnostik interstitieller Lungenerkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Kreuter Michael , Behr Jürgen , Bonella Francesco , Costabel Ulrich , Gerber Alexander , Hamer Okka W. , Heussel Claus Peter , Jonigk Danny , Krause Andreas , Koschel Dirk , Leuschner Gabriela , Markart Philipp , Nowak Dennis , Pfeifer Michael , Prasse Antje , Wälscher Julia , Winter Hauke , Kabitz Hans-Joachim
Published: March 2023

Die Beurteilung von Patienten mit v. a. einer interstitiellen Lungenerkrankung (ILD) umfasst die Beurteilung klinischer, radiologischer und oft histopathologischer Daten. Da bislang noch keine dezidierten Empfehlungen für die Evaluation bei Verdacht auf eine ILD in Deutschland existierten, war es Ziel dieses interdisziplinären Konsensusstatements, eine praktische Orientierungshilfe für den klinischen Alltag in Bezug auf die interdisziplinäre Diagnostik der ILDs zu geben. Dazu gehören die umfassende klinisch-pneumologische und in vielen Fällen auch eine rheumatologische Beurteilung, radiologische Diagnostik sowie Probenentnahme zur histopathologischen Evaluation sowie die abschließende Diskussion im multidisziplinären Team.
Langzeitergebnisse nach endovaskulärer und offener Versorgung des rupturierten Bauchaortenaneurysmas – eine Propensity-Score-Analyse
Authors: Svidlova Yuliya , Epple Jasmin , Lingwal Neelam , Schmitz-Rixen Thomas , Böckler Dittmar , Grundmann Reinhart T.
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund In dieser retrospektiven Propensity-Score-gematchten Studie sollten die perioperative Letalität und das Langzeitüberleben bis zu 9 Jahre nach endovaskulärer (EVAR) und offener (OAR) Versorgung von Patienten mit rupturiertem Bauchaortenaneurysma (rAAA) in Deutschland anhand von Krankenkassendaten der AOK-Gesundheit dargestellt werden.

Material und Methodik Es wurden 2170 Patienten, die zwischen dem 01.01.2010 und 31.12.2016 mit einem rAAA innerhalb 24 h nach stationärer Aufnahme versorgt wurden und Bluttransfusionen erhielten, in die Studie aufgenommen und bis zum 31.12.2018 nachverfolgt. Zur besseren Vergleichbarkeit von EVAR und OAR erfolgte ein 1:1-Propensity-Score-Matching der Patienten nach Alter, Geschlecht und Vorerkrankungen über das R-Programm (Stiftung für Statistisches Rechnen, Wien, Österreich) mit 624 Paaren.

Ergebnisse Im nicht adjustierten Kollektiv wurden 29,1% (631/2170) der Patienten mit EVAR und 70,9% (1539/2170) mit OAR versorgt. EVAR-Patienten hatten eine signifikant höhere Rate an Komorbiditäten. Nach Adjustierung wiesen EVAR-Patienten das signifikant bessere perioperative Überleben (EVAR 35,7%; OAR 51,0%; p = 0,000) auf. Bei 80,4% der EVAR-Patienten und 80,3% der OAR-Patienten sind perioperative Komplikationen aufgetreten (p = 1,000). Am Ende des Follow-ups überlebten Kaplan-Meier-geschätzt 15,2% der Patienten bei EVAR vs. 19,5% bei OAR (p = 0,027). In der multivariaten Cox-Regressionsanalyse hatten OAR, das Alter ≥ 80 Jahre, ein Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und die Niereninsuffizienz in den Stadien 3–5 einen negativen Einfluss auf das Gesamtüberleben. Werktags operierte Patienten hatten eine signifikant niedrigere perioperative Letalität (perioperative Letalität werktags 40,6% vs. Wochenende 53,4%; p = 0,000) und ein Kaplan-Meier-geschätzt besseres Gesamtüberleben
als Patienten des Wochenendes.

Schlussfolgerung Es wurde ein signifikant besseres perioperatives Überleben und Gesamtüberleben bei EVAR beobachtet. Der perioperative Überlebensvorteil von EVAR ergab sich ebenfalls bei den über ≥ 80-jährigen Patienten. Das weibliche Geschlecht hatte auf die perioperative Sterblichkeit und auf das Gesamtüberleben keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Am Wochenende versorgte Patienten hatten ein signifikant schlechteres perioperatives Überleben verglichen mit Patienten, die unter der Woche versorgt wurden, was bis zum Ende des Follow-ups anhielt. Inwieweit dies von der Klinikstruktur abhängig war, konnte nicht überprüft werden.
Anti-viral and Anti-inflammatory Isoflavonoids from Ukrainian Iris aphylla Rhizomes: Structure-Activity Relationship Coupled with ChemGPS-NP Analysis
Authors: Mykhailenko Olha , Hsieh Chung-Fan , El-Shazly Mohamed , Nikishin Alexander , Kovalyov Vladimir , Shynkarenko Pavlo , Ivanauskas Liudas , Chen Bing-Hung , Horng Jim-Tong , Hwang Tsong-Long , Georgiyants Victoriya , Korinek Michal
Published: March 2023

Dried Iris rhizomes have been used in Chinese and European traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as bacterial infections, cancer, and inflammation, as well
as for being astringent, laxative, and diuretic agents. Eighteen phenolic compounds including some rare secondary metabolites, such as irisolidone, kikkalidone, irigenin, irisolone,
germanaism B, kaempferol, and xanthone mangiferin, were isolated for the first time from Iris aphylla rhizomes. The hydroethanolic Iris aphylla extract and some of its isolated
constituents showed protective effects against influenza H1N1 and enterovirus D68 and anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils. The promising anti-influenza effect of apigenin
(13, almost 100% inhibition at 50 µM), kaempferol (14, 92%), and quercetin (15, 48%) were further confirmed by neuraminidase inhibitory assay. Irisolidone (1,
almost 100% inhibition at 50 µM), kikkalidone (5, 93%), and kaempferol (14, 83%) showed promising anti-enterovirus D68 activity in vitro. The identified compounds were
plotted using ChemGPS-NP to correlate the observed activity of the isolated phenolic compounds with the in-house database of anti-influenza and anti-enterovirus agents. Our results indicated
that the hydroethanolic Iris aphylla extract and Iris phenolics hold the potential to be developed for the management of seasonal pandemics of influenza and enterovirus
infections.
Posterior Segment Involvement in Infantile Nephropathic Cystinosis – A Review
Authors: Keidel Leonie Franziska , Schworm Benedikt , Hohenfellner Katharina , Kruse Franziska , Priglinger Siegfried , Luft Nikolaus , Priglinger Claudia
Published: March 2023

Cystinosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease with a prevalence of 1 : 100 000 – 1 : 200 000 cases. It is caused by biallelic mutations in the CTNS gene, which encodes cystinosin, that
transport cystine out of the lysosomes. Due to its dysfunction, cystine crystals accumulate in the lysosomes and ultimately cause apoptosis of the cell. Since cystinosin is ubiquitously
present in the body, cystine crystals are deposited in every body structure and lead to the dysfunction of various organ systems in the course of time. Cystine crystals deposited in the
cornea are a clinical hallmark of the disease, while there is less awareness of concomitant posterior segment alterations. Symmetrical pigment epithelial mottling and patches of
depigmentation frequently start in the periphery and progress towards the posterior pole and can be encountered upon fundus biomicroscopy. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
(SD-OCT) is an elegant tool for visualizing chorioretinal cystine crystals at the posterior pole. An SD-OCT-based clinical grading of the severity of the chorioretinal manifestation can
potentially be applied as a biomarker for systemic disease status and for monitoring oral therapy adherence in the future. Along with previous histological examinations, it may also give
information about the location of cystine crystals in the choroid and retina. This review aims to increase the awareness of vision-threatening retinal and choroidal changes in cystinosis and
the concomitant findings in SD-OCT.
Germline Mutations Landscape in a Cohort of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in Patients Who Underwent Genetic Counseling for Gynecological and Breast Cancer
Authors: Carvalho Camila Martins de , Braga Letícia da Conceição , Silva Luciana Maria , Chami Anisse Marques , Silva Filho Agnaldo Lopes da
Published: March 2023

Objective The present study evaluated the profile of germline mutations present in patients who underwent genetic counseling for risk assessment for breast cancer (BC), ovarian cancer (OC), and endometrial cancer (EC) with a possible hereditary pattern.

Methods Medical records of 382 patients who underwent genetic counseling after signing an informed consent form were analyzed. A total of 55.76% of patients (213/382) were symptomatic (personal history of cancer), and 44.24% (169/382) were asymptomatic (absence of the disease). The variables analyzed were age, sex, place of birth, personal or family history of BC, OC, EC, as well as other types of cancer associated with hereditary syndromes. The Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) nomenclature guidelines were used to name the variants, and their biological significance was determined by comparing 11 databases.

Results We identified 53 distinct mutations: 29 pathogenic variants, 13 variants of undetermined significance (VUS), and 11 benign. The most frequent mutations were BRCA1 c.470_471delCT, BRCA1 c.4675 + 1G > T, and BRCA2 c.2T> G. Furthermore, 21 variants appear to have been described for the first time in Brazil. In addition to BRCA1/2 mutations, variants in other genes related to hereditary syndromes that predispose to gynecological cancers were found.

Conclusion This study allowed a deeper understanding of the main mutations identified in families in the state of Minas Gerais and demonstrates the need to assess the family history of non-gynecological cancer for risk assessment of BC, OC, and EC. Moreover, it is an effort that contributes to population studies to evaluate the cancer risk mutation profile in Brazil.
Quality of Life and Depression Conditions of Women with Gestational Diabetes during Pregnancy and Postpartum Period
Authors: Doğan Reyhan Aydin , Beji Nezihe Kizilkaya
Published: March 2023

Objective The study was conducted to determine the quality of life and depression of women with gestational diabetes during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

Methods 100 pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 100 healthy pregnant women were included in the present study. Data were obtained from pregnant women in their third trimester who agreed to take part in the study. The data was collected during the third trimester and six to eight weeks after the baby was born. The data were obtained by socio-demographic characteristics form, postpartum data collection form, the MOS 36 Item Short Form Health Survey and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD).

Results The mean age of pregnant women with gestational diabetes in the study was the same as the average age of healthy pregnant women. The CESD score of pregnant women with gestational diabetes was 26,77 ± 4,85 while the corresponding score was 25,19 ± 4,43 for healthy women. Additionally, the score in the postpartum period was 32.47 ± 5.94 for pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 35.47 ± 8.33 for healthy pregnant women. CESD scores were found to be higher than the cut-off score of 16 in both groups, and the mean scores increased during the postpartum period.

Conclusion During the postpartum period, the quality of life of pregnant women with gestational diabetes was affected more negatively than healthy pregnant women. Depressive symptoms of women with both gestational diabetes and healthy pregnancy were found to be high in pregnancy and postpartum periods.
Autonomous data collection allows focus on analysis rather than acquisition
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: March 2023

Artificial intelligence-enabled data acquisition can improve hyperspectral imaging and lead to a generalizable approach for studying complex systems.
Re-emerging photo responsiveness enhancement under compression in (NH4)2SeBr6
Authors: Zhang Yuzhen , Zhang Guozhao , Zhang Haiwa , Ou Tianji , Wang Qinglin , Wang Lingrui , Li Yinwei , Liu Cailong
Published: March 2023

Pressure has an essential role in the control of both the photo-responsive and electrical transport properties of halide perovskites. As a lead-free halide double perovskite material, (NH4)2SeBr6, which avoids the use of a toxic lead element, has become an ideal candidate for application in photovoltaic and photoelectric devices. In this paper, the photoelectric response and electrical transport response properties of (NH4)2SeBr6 have been studied by photocurrent and alternating current impedance spectroscopy measurements under high pressure up to 21.2 GPa, respectively. The current results indicate that in (NH4)2SeBr6, a second photo-responsiveness enhancement re-emerges above 11.2 GPa, after the photocurrent drops from the first maximum at 6.5 GPa and reaches the second maximum at 16.4 GPa. The photoelectric response of (NH4)2SeBr6 in phase II is better than that of phase I, and electron conduction rather than ion conduction plays a dominant role in the whole electrical transportation process under compression.
Apparent anisotropic thermal diffusivity measured in cubic single crystals by transient grating spectroscopy
Authors: Kušnír Jakub , Grabec Tomáš , Zoubková Kristýna , Stoklasová Pavla , Sedlák Petr , Seiner Hanuš
Published: March 2023

The effect of elastic anisotropy on thermal diffusivity determination by transient grating spectroscopy (TGS) was studied. In experiments performed on a set of cubic single crystals, it was observed that TGS measurements may indicate anisotropy of thermal diffusivity in otherwise thermally isotropic materials, and that the strength of this apparent anisotropy is correlated with the strength of the elastic anisotropy. To find a source of the observed phenomenon, finite-element simulations of the TGS measurements were carried out. Time-domain TGS signals were generated from the simulations and processed identically to the experimental data. The simulation results revealed that the elastic anisotropy affects the detected time-domain signals. Consequently, the thermal diffusivity coefficients determined from them showed the artificial directional dependence. For the chosen set of cubic crystals, ranging from nearly isotropic to strongly anisotropic in terms of elastic constants, this simulated directional dependence was in full agreement with the one observed in the experiments.
Continuous wave room temperature operation of the 2
μ
m GaSb-based photonic crystal surface emitting diode lasers
Authors: Shterengas Leon , Liu Ruiyan , Stein Aaron , Kipshidze Gela , Lee Won Jae , Belenky Gregory
Published: March 2023

Continuous wave room temperature operation of 2 μm GaSb-based photonic-crystal surface-emitting diode lasers has been realized. The deep etched square mesa devices showed threshold current densities of 500 A/cm2 at 20 °C. The epi-side down mounted lasers generated above 10 mW of output power in the continuous wave regime and tens of milliwatts in pulses from the 200 × 200 μm2 aperture. The breakthrough in the device performance parameters was achieved thanks to a highly homogeneous air-pocket retaining epitaxial regrowth process optimized for a specifically designed antimonide diode laser heterostructure. The nanofabrication method utilizing low temperature atomic hydrogen surface cleaning yielded low disorder square lattice of droplet-shaped voids covered by uniform p-cladding layer. The laser emission spectrum as well as near/far field patterns demonstrated peculiar features presumably linked to deformation of the void shape during regrowth and formation of the array of filaments.
Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging with a multi-cell AlScN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Zhang Lejia , Wang Baosheng , Cai Junxiang , Gu Yuandong Alex , Lou Liang , Wang Xiong , Wu Tao
Published: March 2023

This Letter reports on microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging utilizing a multi-cell aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT). Thermoacoustic signals are induced by microwave pulses and then detected by the ultrasonic transducer. It carries biological information, thus enabling noninvasive clinical diagnosis. Our AlScN PMUT device was characterized and experimented to show that it could significantly improve the imaging of the biological sample, decreasing the mean square error by up to 72%, which benefits from a 2.96 times larger detection angle of thermoacoustic signals compared to commercial ultrasonic transducers. The miniaturized and high-performance PMUT devices have the potential to be applied to clinical or personal diagnosis and monitoring equipment.
microRNA-449a reduces growth hormone-stimulated senescent cell burden through PI3K-mTOR signaling
Authors: Noureddine Sarah , Nie Jia , Schneider Augusto , Menon Vinal , Fliesen Zoubeida , Dhahbi Joseph , Victoria Berta , Oyer Jeremiah , Robles-Carrillo Liza , Nunes Allancer Divino De Carvalho , Ashiqueali Sarah , Janusz Artur , Copik Alicja , Robbins Paul D. , Musi Nicolas , Masternak Michal M.
Published: March 2023

Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many major age-related disorders, including neurodegeneration, atherosclerosis, and metabolic disease. Therefore, investigating novel methods to reduce or delay the accumulation of senescent cells during aging may attenuate age-related pathologies. microRNA-449a-5p (miR-449a) is a small, noncoding RNA down-regulated with age in normal mice but maintained in long-living growth hormone (GH)-deficient Ames Dwarf (df/df) mice. We found increased fibroadipogenic precursor cells, adipose-derived stem cells, and miR-449a levels in visceral adipose tissue of long-living df/df mice. Gene target analysis and our functional study with miR-449a-5p have revealed its potential as a serotherapeutic. Here, we test the hypothesis that miR-449a reduces cellular senescence by targeting senescence-associated genes induced in response to strong mitogenic signals and other damaging stimuli. We demonstrated that GH downregulates miR-449a expression and accelerates senescence while miR-449a upregulation using mimetics reduces senescence, primarily through targeted reduction of p16
Ink4a
, p21
Cip1
, and the PI3K-mTOR signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that miR-449a is important in modulating key signaling pathways that control cellular senescence and the progression of age-related pathologies.
Salmonella
Typhimurium uses the Cpx stress response to detect
N
-chlorotaurine and promote the repair of oxidized proteins
Authors: Andrieu Camille , Loiseau Laurent , Vergnes Alexandra , Gagnot Séverine , Barré Romain , Aussel Laurent , Collet Jean-François , Ezraty Benjamin
Published: March 2023

The cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria constitutes the first protective barrier between a cell and its environment. During host infection, the bacterial envelope is subjected to several stresses, including those induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive chlorine species (RCS) produced by immune cells. Among RCS,
N-
chlorotaurine (
N-
ChT), which results from the reaction between hypochlorous acid and taurine, is a powerful and less diffusible oxidant. Here, using a genetic approach, we demonstrate that
Salmonella
Typhimurium uses the CpxRA two-component system to detect
N
-ChT oxidative stress. Moreover, we show that periplasmic methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrP) is part of the Cpx regulon. Our findings demonstrate that MsrP is required to cope with
N
-ChT stress by repairing
N
-ChT-oxidized proteins in the bacterial envelope. By characterizing the molecular signal that induces Cpx when
S.
Typhimurium is exposed to
N
-ChT, we show that
N
-ChT triggers Cpx in an NlpE-dependent manner. Thus, our work establishes a direct link between
N
-ChT oxidative stress and the envelope stress response.
Salivary carbonic anhydrase II in winged aphid morph facilitates plant infection by viruses
Authors: Guo Huijuan , Zhang Yanjing , Li Bingyu , Li Chenwei , Shi Qingyun , Zhu-Salzman Keyan , Ge Feng , Sun Yucheng
Published: March 2023

Aphids are the most common insect vector transmitting hundreds of plant viruses. Aphid wing dimorphism (winged vs. wingless) not only showcases the phenotypic plasticity but also impacts virus transmission; however, the superiority of winged aphids in virus transmission over the wingless morph is not well understood. Here, we show that plant viruses were efficiently transmitted and highly infectious when associated with the winged morph of
Myzus persicae
and that a salivary protein contributed to this difference. The
carbonic anhydrase II
(
CA-II
) gene was identified by RNA-seq of salivary glands to have higher expression in the winged morph. Aphids secreted CA-II into the apoplastic region of plant cells, leading to elevated accumulation of H
+
. Apoplastic acidification further increased the activities of polygalacturonases, the cell wall homogalacturonan (HG)-modifying enzymes, promoting degradation of demethylesterified HGs. In response to apoplastic acidification, plants accelerated vesicle trafficking to enhance pectin transport and strengthen the cell wall, which also facilitated virus translocation from the endomembrane system to the apoplast. Secretion of a higher quantity of salivary CA-II by winged aphids promoted intercellular vesicle transport in the plant. The higher vesicle trafficking induced by winged aphids enhanced dispersal of virus particles from infected cells to neighboring cells, thus resulting in higher virus infection in plants relative to the wingless morph. These findings imply that the difference in the expression of salivary CA-II between winged and wingless morphs is correlated with the vector role of aphids during the posttransmission infection process, which influences the outcome of plant endurance of virus infection.
The stunning clodronate
Authors: Mass Elvira
Published: March 2023

Not only macrophages, but also neutrophils, are a main target of clodronate. In this issue of JEM, Culemann et al. (2023. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20220525) demonstrate that anti-inflammatory effects of clodronate liposomes are driven via stunning of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and not solely through depletion of macrophages.
Simultaneously achieving high performance of thermal stability and power consumption via doping yttrium in Sn15Sb85 thin film
Authors: Xu Shengqing , Wu Weihua , Gu Han , Zhou Xiaochen , Zhu Xiaoqin , Zhai Jiwei , Song Sannian , Song Zhitang
Published: March 2023

The effects of yttrium dopants on the phase change behavior and microstructure of Sn15Sb85 films have been systematically investigated. The yttrium-doped Sn15Sb85 film has the higher phase transition temperature, ten year data retention ability and crystallization activation energy, which represent a great improvement in thermal stability and data retention. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the amorphous Sn and Y components restrict the grain growth and decrease the grain size. Raman mode typically associated with Sb is altered when the substance crystallized. Atomic force microscopy results show that the surface morphology of the doped films becomes smoother. T-shaped phase change storage cells based on yttrium-doped Sn15Sb85 films exhibit the lower power consumption. The results demonstrate that the crystallization characteristics of Sn15Sb85 film can be tuned and optimized through the yttrium dopant for the excellent performances of phase change memory.
Traveling wave solutions of a class of multi-species non-cooperative reaction–diffusion systems
*
Authors: Ai Shangbing , Du Yihong , Jiao Yujuan , Peng Rui
Published: March 2023

In this paper we establish a sharp existence result on weak traveling wave solutions for a general class of multi-species reaction–diffusion systems. Moreover, the minimal speed of the traveling waves is explicitly determined. Such a weak traveling wave solution connects the predator-free equilibrium point E
0 at

x
=
−
∞

but needs not to connect the coexistence equilibrium

E
∗

at

x
=
∞

. We apply this result to three important non-cooperative systems: the classical diffusive SIS system for the spread of infectious disease, a predator–prey system with age structure and a generalised Lotka–Volterra predator–prey system of one predator species feeding on n prey species, and prove with the aid of Lyapunov functions and the LaSalle invariance principle that their weak traveling wave solutions are actually traveling wave solutions that connect

E
∗

at

x
=
∞

. For the SIS system and the generalised Lotka–Volterra predator–prey system, we develop additional techniques to establish the boundedness of their weak traveling wave solutions before applying the LaSalle’s invariance principle.
Absence of magnetic interactions in Ni–Nb ferromagnet–superconductor bilayers
Authors: Satchell Nathan , Quarterman P , Borchers J A , Burnell Gavin , Birge Norman O
Published: March 2023

Studies of ferromagnet-superconductor hybrid systems have uncovered magnetic interactions between the competing electronic orderings. The electromagnetic (EM) proximity effect predicts the formation of a spontaneous vector potential inside a superconductor placed in proximity to a ferromagnet. In this work, we use a Nb superconducting layer and Ni ferromagnetic layer to test for such magnetic interactions. We use the complementary, but independent, techniques of polarized neutron reflectometry and detection Josephson junctions to probe the magnetic response inside the superconducting layer at close to zero applied field. In this condition, Meissner screening is negligible, so our measurements examine only additional magnetic and screening contributions from proximity effects. We report the absence of any signals originating from EM proximity effect in zero applied field. Our observations indicate that either EM proximity effect is below the detection resolution of both of our experiments or may indicate a new phenomenon that requires extension of current theory. From our measurements, we estimate a limit of the size of the zero field EM proximity effect in our Ni–Nb samples to be ±0.27 mT.
Be optical lattice clocks with the fractional Stark shift up to the level of 10−19
Authors: Wu Lei , Wang Xia , Wang Ting , Jiang Jun , Dong Chenzhong
Published: March 2023

The energy levels and electric dipole (

E
1

) matrix elements of the ground state and low-lying excited states of Be atoms are calculated using the relativistic configuration interaction plus core polarization (RCICP) method. The static and dynamic

E
1

, magnetic dipole (

M
1

) and electric quadrupole (

E
2

) polarizabilities as well as the hyperpolarizabilities of the

2

s
2

 
1

S
0

and

2
s
2
p

 
3

P
0

states are determined. Two magic wavelengths, 300.03 and 252.28 nm, of

2

s
2

 
1

S
0

→
2
s
2
p

 
3

P
0

clock transition are found. Then, the multipolar and nonlinear Stark shifts of the clock transition at the magic wavelength are discussed in detail. We find that when the laser intensity I is in the range of 14.3–15.9 kW cm−2 and the detuning δ (the frequency detuning of the lattice laser frequency relative to the magic frequency) is in the range of 40.7–40.9 MHz, the fractional Stark shifts of the clock transition are less than 1.0 × 10−18. While, when I is in the range of 15.01–15.46 kW cm−2 and δ is in the range of 40.73–40.76 MHz, the fractional Stark shifts are lower than 1.0 × 10−19.
Spatially-resolved dynamic sampling of different phasic magnetic resonances of nanoparticle ensembles in a magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum
Authors: Feggeler Thomas , Lill Johanna , Günzing Damian , Meckenstock Ralf , Spoddig Detlef , Efremova Maria V , Wintz Sebastian , Weigand Markus , Zingsem Benjamin W , Farle Michael , Wende Heiko , Ollefs Katharina J , Ohldag Hendrik
Published: March 2023

Nanoscaled magnetic particle ensembles are promising building blocks for realizing magnon based binary logic. Element-specific real-space monitoring of magnetic resonance modes with sampling rates in the GHz regime is imperative for the experimental verification of future complex magnonic devices. Here we present the observation of different phasic magnetic resonance modes using the element-specific technique of time-resolved scanning transmission x-ray microscopy within a chain of dipolarly coupled Fe3O4 nanoparticles (40–50 nm particle size) inside a single cell of a magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum. The particles are probed with 25 nm resolution at the Fe L3 x-ray absorption edge in response to a microwave excitation of 4.07 GHz. A plethora of resonance modes is observed within multiple particle segments oscillating in- and out-of-phase, well resembled by micromagnetic simulations.
Shaping effects on the geodesic acoustic mode in tokamaks
Authors: Chen Zhe , Ren Haijun
Published: March 2023

The geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) is investigated with gyro-kinetic equations in Miller local equilibrium model for shaped tokamak plasmas with an arbitrary elongation κ and a finite triangularity δ. In particular, the effects of triangularity on GAM frequency and damping rate are analyzed both analytically and numerically. The asymptotic analytical and exact numerical results both show that the frequency almost linearly increases with the triangularity but increases relatively more slowly for a negative δ, which agree well with the TCV observation on the trend. The analytical results clearly claim that the triangularity effect strength is dependent on the inverse aspect ratio

ϵ

and Shafranov shift gradient

Δ

′

, while the numerical results indicate that the safety factor q also has a significant impact on the triangularity effects. In addition, the damping rate increases rapidly with triangularity when q is not too large and then saturates when δ is above about 0.3.