bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding an effective technological chain of logging operations
Authors: Mokhirev A , Rukomojnikov K , Gerasimova M , Medvedev S
Published: May 2020

The choice of technological process’ parameters certainly affects the result of its implementation. When performing logging operations, there are many options for their sequence, the use of machines at different stages of performance and periods of the year. Choosing the technological chain, enterprise management is faced with various possible solutions. In most cases, they are taken speculatively - based on personal experience. The given study is a continuation of the group of authors work on the complex problem of algorithmization and optimization of logging operations, taking into account the analysis of various moving and processing operations of wood resources. In previous publications, the authors presented a graphic-analytical model for solving the task. This article presents a description of the algorithm developed on the basis of the presented mathematical and graphic-analytical models for finding an effective technological chain of transport, loading and unloading and processing operations of the logging process in dynamic natural production conditions. The algorithm was successfully tested on the example of data as close as possible to the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk territory.
E-procurement in developing the outsourcing of transport services
Authors: Nikolaeva A , Ivshin S
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the development of information technologies in the field of electronic procurement, which are an efficient logistics tool. Modern Internet technologies make it possible to gain competitive advantage in the implementation of business processes through taking the best decision when choosing alternative options related to the outsourcing of transport services. Global trends, which are aimed at digitalising logistics activities, are adapted and applied to the realities of the Russian economy. In the course of the study a comparative analysis of electronic trading platforms of the Russian Federation was carried out and their major characteristics were outlined. The paper touches upon the advantages of logistics outsourcing. One of the major players of e-commerce services in the Russian market was taken as an example to conduct a research covering the issues of e-procurement of transport services.
The method of using the harvester for logging in cutting areas with soft terrain
Authors: Rukomojnikov K
Published: May 2020

Article materials relate to the forest industry and can be used in logging operations on cutting sites with soft terrain. The result of the research is a developed technological scheme for the movement of the harvester and forwarder in the cutting area It allows you to reduce the number of skidding trails for moving the forwarder on logging sites with soft terrain, which are able to provide a one-time movement of a harvester, but require additional costs for strengthening of skidding trails for multiple movements of a forwarder. The forwarder works only on skidding trails that are located at distances from each other equal to ten distances of movement of harvester manipulator. This helps to reduce the cost of transport operations on cutting areas with soft terrain. The proposed technology can be used for clear cutting in cutting areas with soft terrain.
International projects experience for the development of interaction between education and logistics business in forest sector
Authors: Tereshkina T , Tereshchenko S
Published: May 2020

This article will analyze the impact of international projects on cooperation between business and universities. Multifaceted aspects of interaction between universities and logistics business in the forest sector are considered, the influence of this interaction on the quality of the educational process is determined. The main forms of cooperation of organizations of the forest sector with Russian higher educational institutions engaged in training in the field of logistics and supply chain management are identified. It will be shown that international projects that create new networks between universities and business in the forest sector increase the effectiveness of such cooperation and create new forms of cooperation. The experience of implementation of international projects in Russian universities is analysed and the possibilities of its use for the development of interaction between business and education are determined. The results of an empirical study of cooperation between educational institutions and organizations of the forest sector are presented. Conclusions are drawn about the impact of international projects on the intensity and effectiveness of interaction between higher education institutions and enterprises of the forest sector, which ensures the growth of professionalism of teachers, competence of students and focus on the real needs of the labor market.
Logistic approach to a company’s performance assessment based on a KPI system
Authors: Voronova D , Berezhnaya L
Published: May 2020

The aim of the article is to develop guidelines for the use of the logistic approach to evaluation of a company’s performance based on the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) system. The literature review presents the results of scientific research of Russian and foreign scientists who actively use the KPI system to evaluate the logistic activities of companies. As part of the study, the concept of a logistic approach to evaluating a company’s activities based on KPIs is presented. The algorithm of development and implementation of the KPI system based on the logistic approach is presented and described. As the key performance indicators the following logistic criteria have been used: Right product, Right consumer, Right quantity, Right quality, Right place, Right time, Right costs, based on which the KPIs have been developed. In the end, conclusions have been drawn and further directions of research presented within the framework of this scientific topic.
The quality and mineral content of the community salt conventional in Kupang City and Kupang District East Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Dawa Umbu Paru Lowu , Gadi Dewi Setyowaty , Rosari Renya , Teffu Yunialdi Hapynes
Published: May 2020

The production of conventional salt produced by the community salt processing in the city of Kupang and Kupang district has quality at below the standards set. This study aims to analyze the quality of conventional salt and mineral contents. The sample is taken by random sampling method. Analysis of moisture content based on the AOAC method, NaCl content based on the method of wet dewatering and mineral content using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP OES). The quality of conventional salt is produced based on the criteria for the content of NaCl, water content and the content of Iodine is still below the Indonesian National Standard. The mineral content of magnesium, calcium and potassium is still in the range of Indonesian National Standard.
H2O2 as a fungicide in the growth phase of green Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Witono Judy Retti , Novianty Valine , Arry Miryanti Y I P , Kumalaputri Angela J , Santoso Herry
Published: May 2020

One of the potential sources for bioenergy and biochemical products is Haematococcus pluvialis. However, these microalgae are vulnerable to chytrid infection when the cells are transitioning from the green flagellates’ stage to the resting stage. As a result, the productivity of their biomass is low. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of hydrogen peroxide as the fungicide, including those which were combined with fluazinam, on the growth of H. pluvialis. The variables used in this research were the dose of H2O2, the combination with fluazinam, and the frequency of H2O2 treatment. The initial cell number of H. pluvialis was 5 × 104 cells/mL culture medium. The 5 different treatments were done, i.e., (1) 0.028 mL H2O2/L liquid culture dosed every day; (2) 0.028 mL H2O2/L liquid culture dosed every day for only 3 days and then every two days combined with single dose 0.5 ppm of fluazinam on the first day; (3) same as (2) but without combination with fluazinam; (4) 0.035 mL H2O2/L liquid culture dosed every day for 3 days then every two days combined with single dose 0.5 ppm of fluazinam on the first day; (5) same as (4) but without combination with fluazinam. As a comparison, there was also a culture without any treatment as a control. The culture which was treated with hydrogen peroxide 0.028 mL H2O2/L liquid culture dosed every day for only 3 days and then every two days at the 7th day showed the highest cell number (45 × 104 cells mL−1 ∼ 9 fold from the initial cell number), even compared to the culture without any treatment. In conclusion, the treatment with hydrogen peroxide is effective against chytrid infection. The combination with fluazinam does not affect more to the effectiveness of H2O2 as a fungicide. It looks that by adding fluazinam, the H. pluvial growth is depressed.
The effect of demineralization towards gasification performance of low-rank coal
Authors: Rizkiana Jenny , Ananda Reyhan Fitri , Kamilah Nasywa , Aulia Ghiffary Azka Nur , Maulana Sandy Fajar , Zahra Aghietyas Choirun Az , Wulandari Winny , Sasongko Dwiwahju
Published: May 2020

Gasification process is an alternative way to utilize low-rank coal. However, gas production is not very high due to the high content of volatile matters and high mineral content. One interesting way to increase gas production is by reducing the mineral content in the coal by acid leaching process. In the present study, acid leaching is occupied to pre-treat the coal by using HF solution so that the mineral content in the coal can be leached out. The results show that acid leaching process successfully decreased the ash content in the coal. However, in terms of gas production, it appears that acid leaching slightly decreases the total gas production. It could happen since acid processing of coal might increase its crystallinity and thus it becomes more difficult to be gasified.
Green diesel production from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) using catalytic hydrogenation method
Authors: Zikri Ahmad , Aznury Martha
Published: May 2020

Green diesel is an alternative solution for solving problems using biomass energy as a fuel source. The advantages of this second-generation green diesel or biodiesel (Gen-2nd) are capable of reaching cetane numbers 70-90, far higher than the Gen-1st biodiesel performance of cetane numbers 50-65, respectively. The production process is through hydrogenation reactions with hydrogen injection of 4-9 MPa, the use of heterogeneous NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts, and takes place in temperatures of 280 - 380°C. The need to design this catalytic hydrogenation reactor to convert crude palm oil (CPO) into green diesel fuel is good and safe when operating at high pressures and temperatures. The optimum operation was obtained by varying the amount of CPO oil raw material and NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst used in producing the best percent yield and green diesel characterization. At a temperature of 315°C, the highest yield was 68.2%, where the number of products began to decline above these temperature conditions. The green diesel specifications obtained have met diesel oil standards (Directorate General of Oil and Gas, 2016) by testing density, kinematic viscosity, water content, flash point, calorific value, and cetane numbers.
Effects of coal and biomass types towards the quality of hybrid coal produced via co-torrefaction
Authors: Rizkiana J , Zahra A C A , Wulandari W , Saputra W H , Andrayukti R , Sianipar A M , Sasongko D
Published: May 2020

Coal is an abundant source of energy in Indonesia, but the reserves are dominated by low-rank coal, which is less favorable to be utilized. Indonesia also has various biomass that has potential to be used as an alternative energy source. Combining low-rank coal and biomass in a co-torrefaction process resulted in hybrid coal: an upgraded solid fuel that has higher calorific value than its original coal. The aims of this research are to analyze the effect of different biomass and coal blends on hybrid coal yield, calorific value, energy yield, and non-neutral CO2 emission reduction. This study utilized two types of coal that are X and Y, and three different types of biomass: (a) sugarcane bagasse, (b) rubberwood, and (c) empty palm fruit bunch that are being most widely found in Indonesia. The blends consist of 30%wt biomass were co-torrefied in a vertical tubular furnace reactor for 60 minutes with temperature 300°C in an inert environment and ambient pressure. Solid yields of hybrid coal founded in the range of 57.0 to 63.8% which different types of biomass gave significant effect. Calorific value was increased 37.6-44.1% to 5681-6288 kcal/kg from its original coal. The energy yield ranges from 77.0 to 89.0%. The product reduced non-neutral CO2 emission within the range of 18.1-22.2%.
Lithium and Calcium recovery by activated carbon from coconut shell char
Authors: Purnomo C W , Widyadhana A
Published: May 2020

Spent rechargeable batteries and electronic waste become a future challenge. The precious metal inside should be recovered for pursuing a circular economy society. Here, lithium phosphate battery has been dismantled and leached the cathodes by acidic solution to produce metal solutions. The metal content will be separated by a simple adsorption mechanism using activated charcoal. Coconut shell char has been activated by KOH in several temperature settings and then tested to adsorb lithium and calcium ions in the leaching solution. The capacity of adsorption and selectivity between the ions were investigated. The adsorption capacity is strongly related to the activation temperature and KOH/char ratio. Higher activation temperature and agent ratio tend to provide better-activated carbon for metal ion adsorption. It is found that Li ions have lower affinity toward the surface of carbon especially in low concentration than Ca ions.
Oil palm empty fruit bunch ash valorization through potassium extraction
Authors: Samadhi Tjokorde W. , Wulandari Winny , Tirtabudi Kezia R.
Published: May 2020

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a by-product of palm oil processing that is considered solid waste. It is produced in a large amount, counting up to 23% of the fresh fruit bunch (FFB). The ash content in OPEFB comprises a potassium compound. Potassium can be potentially recovered as potassium carbonate by extracting it with water. This study aims to investigate a method to recover potassium from OPEFB ash as potassium carbonate for further processing into potassium-based fertilizer. This research consists of pyrolysis process of OPEFB into char, then the char is analyzed by TGA in order to determine the ashing temperature. The temperature of 250°C, 400°C and 550°C are chosen for the ashing (combustion) process. The resulted ash is then extracted by water with the Feed to Solvent ratio of 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6, respectively. From the AAS analysis result, the highest potassium concentration is obtained at temperature of 400°C with F:S ratio = 1:6, with the potassium concentration of 49,94 %-w/w. This value is suitable for liquid fertilizer.
Plant extract-assisted biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their antibacterial application
Authors: Rahayu E , Wonoputri V , Samadhi T W
Published: May 2020

ZnO nanoparticles are multi-purposes materials that can be synthesized by several methods, including physical and chemical routes. A novel synthesis method of ZnO nanoparticles is the biological method using plant extracts as reducing and capping agents, such as the fruit extract of Averrhoa bilimbi. Plant extracts are superior agents for synthesizing nanoparticles because it provides essential phytochemical substances as reductor, capping agents, and free from toxicants. In this study, the effects of precursor concentrations and the amount of plant extract on the formation and morphology of nanoparticles were investigated. The characteristics of ZnO particles were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, TEM, and DLS. The study showed that the formation of ZnO nanoparticles occurred after five hours reaction at 70°C, as indicated by color change of the solution. ZnO nanoparticle formation was confirmed by the maximum absorption at the wavelength of 372 nm and XRD analysis. FTIR analysis showed that the as-synthesized ZnO contained significant organic compounds on its surface, especially compared to commercial ZnO. Reduction reactions using A.bilimbi produce nanoparticles in the size from 35.4 to 59.5 nm with round shape and some agglomeration that were observed by TEM. The ZnO antibacterial property was tested against planktonic and biofilm Escherichia coli. The result showed that as-synthesized ZnO have comparable antibacterial antibiofilm property as the commercial ZnO nanoparticles at low concentration. Interestingly, this property was diminished when as-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were used at high concentrations.
Identification of plants natural dye by Meto tribe in South Central Timor
Authors: Charis Sabuna Alan , Nomleni Fransina T.
Published: May 2020

Information on plant species, natural dyes and the dying process of the yarn of ikat weaving in South Central Timor is still minimal and not well documented. Therefore, this study aimed to identify natural dye in South Central Timor. The samples were collected by exploration methods. Parts of plants, dyeing processes, and kinds of color were recorded based on observation, interviews with craftsmen and documentation. Our results showed that there are 7 plant species were successfully identified, Curcuma longa L., Indigofera tinctoria L., Morinda citrifolia L., Phyllanthus reticulates Poir, Phaseolus lunatus L., and Tectona grandis. The plant organs used as a source of natural dye are leaves, barks, rhizome, and roots. The method of processing was to be pounded, squeezed, soaked in water and the color produced was red, dark blue, yellow, black, and green.
Upscaled synthesis of carbon nanotube from palm oil mill effluent using pyrolysis for supercapacitor application
Authors: Widiatmoko P , Nugraha N F , Devianto H , Nurdin I , Prakoso T
Published: May 2020

The utilization of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is advantageous to reduce environmental problems and increase its value as a source of carbon. Carbon nanotube (CNT) was synthesized by pyrolysis of POME and ferrocene mixture at 900°C under a flowing nitrogen atmosphere. CNT is nanosized and has high electrical conductivity; it is compatible as electrodes for energy storage devices such as supercapacitor. The study investigated the process for the upscaled formation of CNT from POME. The synthesis consists of POME polymerization, pyrolysis, and CNT characterization. Additionally, before pyrolysis, the CNT collecting system was applied in tube furnaces. The result showed that this process produced 1.2 g of CNT, a diameter of 47-100 nm, and a surface area of 635.5 m2.g-1. XRD analysis, 2Ɵ of 26.58° indicated structure of graphite C (002), Raman spectra resulted ratio IG/IDof 1.16 indicated higher graphite than disorder. CNT was characterized and applied as electrode material for supercapacitor which exhibits a specific capacitance of 13.98 F.g-1.
Kinetic studies of turpentine isomerization using hydrochloric acid and acetic acid as catalysts
Authors: Azis Muhammad Mufti , Qani’a Farahfestura Rio , Pratiwi Suci Indah , Kristanto Jonas , Purwono Suryo , Indarto Antonius
Published: May 2020

Turpentine is a non-wood forest product derived from pine trees. Turpentine oil can be produced from the distillation of pine tree sap (family Pinaceae). The main component of turpentine is α-pinene, and turpentine isomerization may produce various derivative products. The objective of the present study was to investigate the isomerization products of turpentine oil with two acid catalysts: hydrochloric and acetic acid. Here, the influence of acid concentration was investigated by using various concentrations of hydrochloric and acetic acid concentrations between 0.4 to 1 M. Further, the combination of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid as catalyst was also investigated by varying the molar ratio of HCl:Acetic Acid=1 : 0.5 and 1:1. The experiments were carried out in a batch reactor equipped with heater, condenser, and stirrer. The reaction temperatures were maintained at 150°C and reaction time of 6 h. The resulting products from turpentine isomerization were analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed that the largest isomerization product obtained with HCl and combination of HCl:H.Acetic was trans sabinene hydrate. Additional products that could be detected varied among α-terpinolene, α-terpineol, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene and δ-carene. The experimental data showed that α-pinene conversion as high as 62, 63 and 57% were obtained by using HCl concentrations of 0.4, 0.7 and 1 M, respectively. In addition, the use of HCl:H.Acetic=1 :0.5 and 1:1 gave final conversion of 63 and 61%. The modeling results showed the kinetic model for pinene conversion for both catalysts was

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Calcium soap from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) for ruminant feed: The effect of CaO quality on reaction temperature
Authors: Handojo Lienda A. , Indarto Antonius , Shofinita Dian , Stanley Nicholas George , Karen  , David Ignatius , Jorgensen
Published: May 2020

Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world and contributes to about 58% of the world’s total palm oil production in 2018. Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a palm oil refining by-product that contains lots of free fatty acids. Previous research related to the production of calcium soap has successfully found the right stoichiometry and operating conditions at the laboratory and bench scale. This research examines the influence of CaO active concentration on the reaction temperature of calcium soap production on the pilot scale. First, molten PFAD, CaO solids, and water are feed into a CSTR. The mixture is discharged from the CSTR to the screw reactor at a certain temperature, which is then released to the belt conveyor. The experimental result shows that the rate of temperature increment of the mixture using CaO with an active concentration of 79% is greater than CaO of 72%. This may be caused by the different amounts of heat released during the reaction, viscous mixture properties which then influence the mass transfer process between the reaction components. The result also shows that there is a 14% - 19% difference between the calculated and measured temperature, which is predicted due to heat loss, particularly caused by water evaporation during the reaction.
Production of valuable chemical compounds isolated from plants by endophytic fungi
Authors: Ola Antonius R B
Published: May 2020

Natural products have always been an integral part of medical therapy. Many drugs have been developed from natural products mostly derived from plants. For example, the most effective anticancer compounds such as anthracyclines, vinblastine, vincristine, paclitaxel and camptothecins are produced by plants. However, productions of these highly valuable compounds have threatened the existence of the plants as it requires a large number of materials from plants. This paper highlights the potential and importance of endophytic fungi as the producers of highly valuable compounds as it needs only a small amount of material from plants. For example, anticancer drugs like paclitaxel, vincristine and vinblastine were more commonly found in endophytic fungi than in plants.
Ethnobotany study of lontar tree (Borassus flabellifer L.) at Raijua Island
Authors: Age D L , Hendrik A Ch , Rupidara A D N
Published: May 2020

The aims of the study were to determine the utilization of Lontar Plant (Borassus flabellifer L.), its organ used in relation to the culture of the Savu community. Data were collected using semi-structured techniques interviews, field observations, questionnaires, preference and direct matrix ranking with an index of cultural significance. Data were analyzed to calculate the index value of cultural significance which was included 3 aspects, namely the use-value (q), the intensity value (i), and the exclusivity value (e) of the plant and were described qualitatively. The results showed that the utilization of plants in the cultural life of the Savu community was very high. The utilization of plant parts was carried out by cutting, slicing, tapping and weaving. The parts mostly used were the roots, stems, stalks, leaves, flowers, and fruit.
Insect diversity profile of mangrove ecosystem in Menipo Nature Tourism Park, East Amarasi, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Semiun Chatarina Gradict , Lengur Eufrasia R. A. , Boli Duhan Gaudensius U. U.
Published: May 2020

Insects are one of the biotic components that make up the mangrove ecosystem. The diversity of insects is believed to be used as one of the bio-indicators of the condition of the mangrove ecosystem. This study aimed at determining the profile of insect diversity in the mangrove ecosystem in Menipo Nature Tourism Park, East Amarasi, East Nusa Tenggara. The study was conducted in February 2018 to June 2018. Insect capture was carried out using the yellow pan trap method. Data analysis was done quantitatively to determine the profile of mangrove insects. The profile of mangrove insect diversity was determined based on species richness index, Shannon-Wienner diversity index, evenness index, and Jaccard similarity index. The results showed that there were 14 species, 11 families, and 5 orders with a total number of 56 individuals in mangrove ecosystem of Menipo Nature Tourism Park. Genetic wealth of mangrove buffer was still relatively low (R1 <3.5). The diversity of mangrove insects was classified as moderate (H’ = 1 - 3). All mangrove insects had almost the same level of evenness (E <1). The similarity index of mangrove insects in Menipo Nature Tourism Park, East Amarasi ranges from 0.18 to 0.5, meaning that the similarity of mangrove insect species among the three stations was different from each other.
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to Formic Acid on Pb-Sn Alloy Cathode
Authors: Widiatmoko Pramujo , Nurdin Isdiriayani , Devianto Hary , Prakarsa Budi , Hudoyo Henry
Published: May 2020

Carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere due to fossil combustion needs to be reduced to decrease the global warming effect. Electrochemical reduction of CO2 is one of promising technology to convert CO2 to various valuable compounds, reducing the amount of released CO2 to the atmosphere. Metal alloys are interesting material for cathode. In this preliminary work, a CO2 electrochemical reduction was performed on a Pb-Sn alloy cathode using catholyte of KHCO3 and NaHCO3 at various concentrations. An anode from Pt-Ir and H2SO4 0.1 M as anolyte were used in the experiment. The CO2 was bubbled into 400 mL catholyte at rate of 75 mL min-1. It was found that Pb-Sn alloy in KHCO3 electrolyte provides higher productivity and faradaic efficiency than in NaHCO3. Increasing overpotential from 0.1 V to 1 V increases both formic acid productivity and efficiency. The optimum amount of formic acid produced was 9400 μmol in catholyte KHCO3 0.5 M with faradaic efficiency of 67.19% and conversion of 0.326%.
Study of sides stamping under one-sided magnetic pulse loading on form blocks of various materials
Authors: Bobin K N , Detinov M B , Ahmed Soliman M E , Kurlaev N V
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the influence of the tooling material on the accuracy of forming the resulting aluminum alloy part under one-sided magnetic pulse loading was estimated. As the materials of the form blocks were used: dry pine, steel 45 and PLA-plastic. Numerical simulation was carried out using the ANSYS software package in the Explicit Dynamics module. Studies have shown the dependence of the nature deformation of the workpiece and the final geometry of the resulting part from the mechanical properties of the form block materials.
Environmental management in automated systems for engineering production
Authors: Zhetessova G S , Yurchenko V V , Nikonova T Yu , Zharkevich O M , Savelyeva N A
Published: May 2020

The article describes the issues of environmental management and environmental savings. The goal of environmental management is to conserve and save raw materials, materials, energy resources, and to improve the environmental situation. This article describes the technical aspects of environmental management in mechanical engineering production. Identification of environmental aspects occurs on the basis of the process approach. To manage aspects of environmental management in engineering production an automated program “Coating Mode Solver” has been developed. The program interface is described. Automated program selects the optimal technical modes of the process. Optimal process modes allow managing environmental aspects, reducing resource consumption and having a positive impact on the green economy.
Stress state of two-layer composite elements of curved shape
Authors: Koryagin S I , Sharkov O V , Velikanov N L
Published: May 2020

Two-layer composite structures consisting of a metal base and a polymer coating are widely used in mechanical engineering. To assess the bearing capacity and durability of such structures, methods for calculating their stress-strain state are necessary. The paper theoretically investigates the stress state of a two-layer structural element of a curved profile for two variants - under pure bending and under temperature change. The radial and meridional stresses arising in the polymer coating and the metal base of the element are taken as the studied factors. The geometric, strength, and physical characteristics of the structural element are accepted as the independent factors. Mathematical models are obtained using the plane section hypothesis. The authors investigated how the radial and meridional stresses acting in the polymer coating are related to the ratio of the coating and the metal thicknesses, as well as the metal thickness to the curvature radius. It has been established that the curvature of the metal element and the ratio of the layers thickness have the most significant effect on the magnitude of the radial stresses, and the ratio of the thicknesses on the meridional stresses. The stress state of the polymer coating is mainly determined by the ratio of the metal thickness to the radius of curvature of the boundary layer.
Study of structure and physico-mechanical properties of welding joints on vessel tank of austenite steel SS316
Authors: Stoyanova A M , Mechkarova T M , Argirov Y B , Konsulova-Bakalova M I , Atanasov N M
Published: May 2020

The article addresses some problems related to the occurrence of cracks and defects in welding joints on a horizontal steel vessel tank after machine gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Tests have been carried out on the structure and mechanical properties of the welding joints between the cylinder and elliptical bottoms made of austenite steel SS316 according to AISI (X5CrNiMo17-12-2 according to BDS EN 10088-2). Proven methodologies of microstructural and X-ray analysis were used to investigate the changes in the structure (weld seam, heat affected zone and base metal). The mechanical characteristics are determined by measurements of macro- and micro-hardness by Vickers and of static tension.
Grinding specifics of plasma coatings melted with high-frequency currents
Authors: Zverev E A , Skeeba V Yu , Vakhrushev V , Lobanov D V
Published: May 2020

This paper presents the research into the finishing treatment of plasma sprayed nickel coatings hardened by high-energy heating with high-frequency currents. We analyzed the coatings surface topography images and profilograms of the after grinding. The coatings were melted at various specific power values and samples traverse speeds relative to the inductor. We also described the different types of surface structural modifications that are formed depending on the melting mode parameters. The research revealed that high-temperature treatment within the efficient range of technological modes results in forming a dense homogeneous structure in the coating with minimal number of pores. The polished surface of such molten coatings has a regular microrelief and a low level of roughness (Ra = 0.305μm). These properties are achieved owing to a significant increase in the structure qualitative properties during the melting process.
Influence of characteristics of abrasive wheels on surface qualities of high-speed plates HS10-4-3-10 at flat grinding
Authors: Canh Nguyen Van , Trung Tran , Nguyen Vanthan , Ngoc Hue Nguyen
Published: May 2020

The article presents the results of the influence of characteristics abrasive wheel on the surface qualities of high-speed plates HS10-4-3-10 at flat grinding with using statistical method and fuzzy logic simulation. Parameters of surface quality were estimated according by: microrelief Ra, Rmax, Sm; accuracy form EFEmax, EFEa; microhardness HV, for each parameter is represented by median and quartile latitude. Results of fuzzy logic simulation can use for selection of based elements of the wheel characteristic, to optimize each parameter of surface quality. Optimal abrasive wheel by all parameters in the greatest measure responses predicted as follows: 25AF46K10V5-PO3, 5NQ46I6VS3 and 5SG60K12VXP with the maximum values of the desirability function. Receiving results will be used for optimization of grinding process according by theory of experimental design.
Structural and parametric synthesis of screw modules of technological machines
Authors: Evstratov V A , Linnik Yu N , Linnik V Yu , Grigoryev V I , Suxarnikova V A
Published: May 2020

The article examines the screw modules of technological machines that feed materials under pressure and move loads in the vertical direction to various working bodies. The main disadvantage of these screw modules is low productivity due to the spiral movement of the material, with a significant deviation from the longitudinal axis of the screw module. The paper considers the possibility of increasing the operational performance of screw modules of technological machines by reducing the rotational component of the material movement. This goal is achieved by installing ribs on the inner surface of the module. The angle of ribs installation is determined by the kinematic and geometric parameters of the conveyor auger shaft and the properties of the supplied and moved loads. The results of theoretical studies show that correctly selected geometrical parameters of the ribs can increase the screw module productivity by 18 – 20%.
Optimization of costs of residual deficit regulation in production system
Authors: Mamonov V I , Milekhina O V
Published: May 2020

The article considers the production subsystem as an element of the technological chain of a production system of any structure. Improvement of business efficiency involves optimizing key integration processes and coordinating the interaction of subsystems and links in technological chains. Each subsystem participates in the production of final products and is both a consumer and a supplier of products. The influence of various factors on the production process, including random ones, is the cause of violations of the time standards for product movement, which is expressed in deviations of the actual timing of the launch and release of planned accounting units from the planned standards. The concepts are introduced: late start-up in the subsystem - input deficit, delay transfer to the time of planned start - up in a neighboring subsystem along the technological chain-residual deficit. The solution of the subsystem is analyzed taking into account the amount of deficit transmitted along the technological chain. The function of costs for regulating external instability is defined, which includes two parameters: the value of the input deficit and the value of the residual deficit. If there is a residual deficit, compensation for the cost of reserving a neighboring subsystem along the chain is carried out in accordance with the linear function of the penalty and should be sufficient to neutralize it in this subsystem. A solution to the problem was obtained and a policy for regulating the remaining deficit was formulated.
Study conclusion mechanisms in hybridization of neural and logic intelligent systems
Authors: Pishchukhin A M , Akhmedyanova G F
Published: May 2020

The paper investigates the integration problems neural networks sections allocated in accordance with the functions performed. As an initial example, we study two trained neural matrices, one of which performs the function of recognizing the position of the manipulator and its speed, and the second generates responses using the corresponding robot drives. In addition to training mechanisms based on the adjustment of transfer weights, the mechanisms based on the supply of excitation / inhibition waves from the edges of the neural network are also affected. At the same time, training is reduced to multiple forced guiding of the robot manipulator along the target path, during which the desired paths of beatings are automatically found using comparators. The matrices are trained separately and then joined using a standard signal generated by a special unit. The division of the neural network into two sections allows building the necessary logic between them. This hybridization significantly expands the range of tasks. As a test problem, the task of searching for a given part from a jointly located set of parts in general position was selected. At the same time, the control system finds a given part, rotates its predetermined model until a matching image is obtained, and thereby understanding how the part is located and how best to capture it occurs.
Optimisation of metal-cutting tool geometry based on chip formation requirement
Authors: Korchuganova M A , Guskov Iurii , Ponurovskaya V R , Syrbakov A
Published: May 2020

This study of the process of chip formation and curling when cutting ductile materials supplements the work of well-known authors in this field. The relevance of theoretical and experimental research stems from determination of the design parameters of chip formation by the flat spiral shape. The study used tools and materials that closely resemble those used in machine repair shops. A distinctive feature of this study is the use of theoretical and experimental data to determine the conditions of chip breaking and to design chip-forming elements on the cutting face of a metal-cutting tool. The obtained results allowed theoretical calculation of the geometrical parameters of a metal-cutting tool in constrained cutting and determination of the areas of chip formation with a high bulk density.
Designing Hygienic and Energy Saving of Water Dispenser Machine
Authors: Yendri Dodon , Rizza Hadzimah , Rahmadya Budi , Derisma
Published: May 2020

The use of a dispenser at the office is not as frequent as at home, because it is only used during working hours or at certain times. The use of dispensers must be in accordance with established health standards, so the quality of water produced by the dispensers must also be hygienic and free of germs or bacteria. Generally, water dispensers are operated for 24 hours, meaning that the dispensers use up a lot of electrical energy. In addition, the use of dispensers must also comply with established health standards, so the quality of the water produced by the dispensers must also be hygienic and free of germs or bacteria. Meanwhile the quality of the water produced by the device cannot be monitored. To overcome this problem, a study was conducted by designing a hygienic and energy efficient water dispenser design by applying a forward scheduling approach. The design is carried out through several components, namely ultraviolet (UV), dispenser heaters, Arduino Uno sensors, DS18B20 sensors, HC SR-04 sensors, DC pumps, 2 relays, and RTCDS1307. The results of this study indicate that the dispenser heating system can work based on a set schedule by applying an advanced scheduling approach referring to the RTC DS1307 time reading. The UV lamp can be lit for 10 minutes to sterilize the main container of the dispenser with an estimated suppression of E. Coli bacteria about 87.5 colonies / minute. This system is able to suppress the growth of bacteria about 875 colonies for once lighting. This system can control the quality of water that is safe for consumption and saves electricity energy up to 79.87 kWh per month.
The effect of phase on microstructure and mechanical performance in TiAlN and TiSiN films
Authors: Duan Lili , Wu Hua , Guo Liming , Xiu Wencui , Yu Xiaofeng
Published: May 2020

To study the effect of phase on the microstructure and mechanical properties of nitride coatings, three films of TiN, TiAlN, and TiSiN were prepared on the surface of high-speed steel using hollow cathode assisted multi-arc ion plating technique. The XRD lines of the three films were analyzed and calculated by linear analysis. The element and phase of the film were observed and analyzed by x-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS). The microstructure and film thickness of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface roughness of the film was observed by Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The hardness, friction coefficient, and coating/substrate adhesion of the film were tested by the G200 nanometer hardness tester and CETR UNMT-1 surface micro-nano mechanical test system. We discovered two different reinforcement mechanisms. The high microscopic strain value (1.309 × 10−3) in the TiAlN film was related to the formation of Ti3AlN substitutional solid solution in the film formed a large lattice distortion,however, the coating/substrate adhesion (33.5 N) was lowered. The result of independent nucleation and growth of the Si3N4 phase in the TiSiN film refines the structure of the film, alleviating the increase of microscopic strain. At this time, the coating/substrate adhesion reaches the highest value of 40 N and the film surface roughness reaches the minimum value of 0.451 μm. The results also show that the TiSiN coating can obtain good coating/substrate adhesion without pre-plating.
Fabrication of a novel fluorescent polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofiber for DNA-based optical biosensing of microRNA-21
Authors: Zare Chavoshy Homeira , Ghasemi Razieh
Published: May 2020

In this study, an optical platform based on fluorescent nanofiber was developed for detection of microRNA-21 as a biomarker of cancerous cells. The fluorescent polyacrylonitrile nanofiber was fabricated using electrospinning method. The surfaces of nanofiber were treated by NaOH to convert nitrile groups to carboxyl moieties. Activation of these carboxyl groups by EDC-sulfo NHS coupling agents was done and then the covalent bonding between COOH groups of nanofiber and –NH2groups of amino-probe was formed. The results of SEM, XRD, FTIR, and fluorescence microscopy confirmed that the process of fluorescent nanofiber synthesis was successfully performed. Hybridization of probe and microRNA-21 showed that the capture efficiency of this fluorescent nanofiber was 1 pmolμl−1and these nanofibers have the potential to be used as optical sensors for detection of microRNA-21.
Self-organized and self-assembled TiO2 nanosheets and nanobowls on TiO2 nanocavities by electrochemical anodization and their properties
Authors: Arenas-Hernandez Alba , Zúñiga-Islas Carlos , Torres-Jacome Alfonso , Mendoza-Cervantes Julio César
Published: May 2020

In this research work, we prepared for the first time TiO2 nanosheets and nanobowls assembled on an arrangement of TiO2 nanocavities, and studied their morphological, optical, and structural properties. The assembled nanostructures were synthesized by a fast two-step electrochemical anodization using fluorides and ethylene glycol. By Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, we showed that these nanostructures have a morphology well organized and ordered with a homogeneous distribution. Also, other characteristics such as photoluminescence, reflectance spectra, band gap energy, and Raman spectra were studied and compared with the optical and structural properties of TiO2 nanotubes. We found that the time of anodization is a key parameter to control the final shape of the individual elements in the nanostructure. Our results show that when nanobowls or nanosheets are self-assembled on nanocavities the morphological, optical, and structural properties change significantly in comparison to TiO2 nanotubes. Furthermore, the emission was improved considerably and the band gap energy was modified to higher energy values. Likewise, the interference fringes are generated in the reflectance spectra by the length of the nanocavities and by the thickness of the nanobowls and the nanosheets. Finally, a reduction on the displaced the Eg(1) Raman mode was observed with decreasing of the length of the nanocavities.
Anticipated Alienation and Critical Social Work: Ex-Offenders’ Perspectives on Re-entry
Authors: Barak Adi , Stebbins Amy
Published: May 2020

The criminal justice system constrains social workers’ ability to practice critical social work. Given the increased rates of re-entry from prison into disenfranchised, minority communities in the USA, knowledge about re-entry should be made available to social workers wishing to assist those who suffer from extreme marginalisation and oppression during re-entry. In this qualitative research study, we interviewed American male halfway house residents (N = 21) in the lead-up to their release about their perspectives on returning to their communities of origin, settling into other communities and meeting individuals from outside of their immediate social networks. Our results demonstrate that research participants anticipated experiencing social alienation in all three domains. Our discussion contextualises these findings within two dimensions of critical social work: critical consciousness and critical social policy.
Labour market outcomes of different institutional regimes: evidence from the OECD countries
Authors: Le Hang , Wood Geoffrey , Yin Shuxing
Published: May 2020

The rise of populism has been widely ascribed, at least in part, to an inability of national systems to generate decent employment or, indeed, stem its decline. This article explores the basis and nature of variations in labour market outcomes of different institutional regimes. For this comparative institutional analysis, we build indexes of labour market outcomes in the OECD countries, measuring actual cross-country variations and encompassing a much wider range of evidence in terms of countries and time periods covered than previous studies. We show that in terms of job availability and wages, the liberal market economies (LMEs) have advantages, but once involuntary part-time employment and wage inequality are considered, labour market outcomes appear superior in the continental European countries and the Scandinavia social democracies. However, any advantages of the LMEs appear to be diminishing since the global financial crisis. Compared with other regimes, Southern European and transitional economies have lower level of job availability and wage rates but are comparable in other aspects of the labour market.
Is Fertility a Leading Economic Indicator?
Authors: Buckles Kasey , Hungerman Daniel , Lugauer Steven
Published: May 2020

Many papers show that aggregate fertility is pro-cyclical over the business cycle. Using data on more than 100 million births from 1988 to 2014, we show that for recent recessions in the United States, there is a large and rapid fall in the growth rate of conceptions several quarters prior to economic decline. This newly emerging pattern appears in the aggregate data, as well as within individual states and in many European countries. Our findings suggest that fertility behaviour is more forward looking and sensitive to changes in short-run expectations about the economy than previously thought.