bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Inflammatory Immune Skewing Is Atheroprotective: Apoe
−/−
FcγRIIb
−/−
Mice Develop Fibrous Carotid Plaques
Authors: Harmon Erin Y. , Fronhofer Van , Keller Rebecca S. , Feustel Paul J. , Zhu Xinmei , Xu Hao , Avram Dorina , Jones David M. , Nagarajan Shanmugam , Lennartz Michelle R.
Published: December 2014

Background

Stroke, caused by carotid plaque rupture, is a major cause of death in the United States. Whereas vulnerable human plaques have higher Fc receptor (FcγR) expression than their stable counterparts, how FcγR expression impacts plaque histology is unknown. We investigated the role of Fcγ
RII
b in carotid plaque development and stability in apolipoprotein (Apo)e
−/−
and Apoe
−/−
Fcγ
RII
b
−/−
double knockout (
DKO
) animals.

Methods and Results

Plaques were induced by implantation of a shear stress‐modifying cast around the carotid artery. Plaque length and stenosis were followed longitudinally using ultrasound biomicroscopy. Immune status was determined by flow cytometry, cytokine release, immunoglobulin G concentration and analysis of macrophage polarization both in plaques and in vitro. Surprisingly, DKO animals had lower plaque burden in both carotid artery and descending aorta. Plaques from Apoe
−/−
mice were foam‐cell rich and resembled vulnerable human specimens, whereas those from DKO mice were fibrous and histologically stable. Plaques from DKO animals expressed higher arginase 1 (Arg‐1) and lower inducible nitric oxide synthase (
iNOS)
, indicating the presence of M2 macrophages. Analysis of blood and cervical lymph nodes revealed higher interleukin (IL)‐10, immune complexes, and regulatory T cells (T
regs
) and lower IL‐12, IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) in DKO mice. Similarly, in vitro stimulation produced higher IL‐10 and Arg‐1 and lower
iNOS
, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α in DKO versus Apoe
−/−
macrophages. These results define a systemic anti‐inflammatory phenotype.

Conclusions

We hypothesized that removal of Fcγ
RII
b would exacerbate atherosclerosis and generate unstable plaques. However, we found that deletion of Fcγ
RII
b on a congenic C57
BL
/6 background induces an anti‐inflammatory T
reg
/M2 polarization that is atheroprotective.
Thinking the Things of God?
Authors: Wheaton Gerald
Published: December 2014

The words of Jesus to Peter in Mark 8:33c are widely translated along the lines of “You are not thinking the way God thinks, but the way people think.” The translation wholly obscures this idiom that was very common in Greek literature, and erroneously relocates the thrust of Jesus’ rebuke from Peter’s relationship to Jesus, to Peter’s understanding of the messianic task. Examination of the evidence of Classical and Koine Greek usage of this construction furnishes ample support for the alternative translation, “you are not on the side of God but the side of people,” a translation better suited to what follows in Mark 8:34-38.
Mindfulness, Psychological Flexibility, and Counseling Self-Efficacy
Authors: Wei Meifen , Tsai Pei-Chun , Lannin Daniel G. , Du Yi , Tucker Jeritt R.
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism by which counselor trainees’ mindfulness and psychological flexibility are positively associated with counseling self-efficacy. First, it was hypothesized that having fewer experiences of hindering self-focused attention (i.e., counselor trainees’ awareness of their own anxiety and distracting thoughts in sessions) would mediate the association between mindfulness and counseling self-efficacy. Second, it was hypothesized that having fewer experiences of hindering self-focused attention would mediate the association between psychological flexibility and counseling self-efficacy. Participants included 154 graduate counselor trainees. Results supported our hypotheses that counselor trainees with greater mindfulness reported having fewer experiences of hindering self-focused attention, which in turn was positively associated with counseling self-efficacy. Similarly, those with greater psychological flexibility also reported having fewer experiences of hindering self-focused attention, which in turn was positively associated with counseling self-efficacy. These findings were significant after controlling for age and number of practicum courses.
Computerized sociometric assessment for preschool children
Authors: Endedijk Hinke M. , Cillessen Antonius H. N.
Published: December 2014

In preschool classes, sociometric peer ratings are used to measure children’s peer relationships. The current study examined a computerized version of preschool sociometric ratings. The psychometric properties were compared of computerized sociometric ratings and traditional peer ratings for preschoolers. The distributions, inter-item correlations, and reliabilities of sociometric scores were comparable between the computerized assessment and traditional assessment. The computerized assessment provided additional data for further analysis of the peer evaluation process. Therefore, computerized peer ratings are a promising tool for sociometric measurement with preschool children.
A translational investigation targeting stress-reactivity and prefrontal cognitive control with guanfacine for smoking cessation
Authors: McKee Sherry A , Potenza Marc N , Kober Hedy , Sofuoglu Mehmet , Arnsten Amy FT , Picciotto Marina R , Weinberger Andrea H , Ashare Rebecca , Sinha Rajita
Published: December 2014

Stress and prefrontal cognitive dysfunction have key roles in driving smoking; however, there are no therapeutics for smoking cessation that attenuate the effects of stress on smoking and enhance cognition. Central noradrenergic pathways are involved in stress-induced reinstatement to nicotine and in the prefrontal executive control of adaptive behaviors. We used a novel translational approach employing a validated laboratory analogue of stress-precipitated smoking, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and a proof-of-concept treatment period to evaluate whether the noradrenergic α2a agonist guanfacine (3 mg/day) versus placebo (0 mg/day) reduced stress-precipitated smoking in the laboratory, altered cortico-striatal activation during the Stroop cognitive-control task, and reduced smoking following a quit attempt. In nicotine-deprived smokers ( n=33), stress versus a neutral condition significantly decreased the latency to smoke, and increased tobacco craving, ad-libitum smoking, and systolic blood pressure in placebo-treated subjects, and these effects were absent or reduced in guanfacine-treated subjects. Following stress, placebo-treated subjects demonstrated decreased cortisol levels whereas guanfacine-treated subjects demonstrated increased levels. Guanfacine, compared with placebo, altered prefrontal activity during a cognitive-control task, and reduced cigarette use but did not increase complete abstinence during treatment. These preliminary laboratory, neuroimaging, and clinical outcome data were consistent and complementary and support further development of guanfacine for smoking cessation.
Scaling of internal wall temperatures in enclosure fires
Authors: Li Ying Zhen , Hertzberg Tommy
Published: December 2014

Physical scaling is an efficient and cost-effective modeling tool to be used in fire safety engineering. Scaling of internal wall temperatures was investigated in room fire tests in three different scales, that is, full scale (1:1), medium scale (1:2), and small scale (1:3.5). The fire sources were either placed at the center or in the corner of the enclosures. The measured time-dependent internal wall temperatures, incident heat fluxes, and gas temperatures in different scales are compared and analyzed. Test results show that the proposed scaling method is able to scale the internal wall temperatures (temperatures inside the walls) and incident heat fluxes well, especially in medium scale.
The Duality of Human Nature
Authors: Hawley Patricia H.
Published: December 2014

In the present article, I argue for a shift in perspective regarding aggression, prosociality, and social affinity. Psychological approaches construe antisociality and prosociality as serving opposing functions. In contrast, I here consider them to serve the same function and to form the behavioral foundation of human status striving as early as the preschool years. Children who have mastered both coercive and prosocial tactics show themselves to be socially competent, materially successful, and socially attractive. I compare models in psychology derived from the field of medicine with models stemming from evolutionary theory.
Marital Quality and Health
Authors: Robles Theodore F.
Published: December 2014

Being in a happy marriage is related to better psychological and physical health. In this article, I describe current approaches to conceptualizing and measuring marital quality and physical health, and results from a recent meta-analysis examining associations between marital quality and physical health outcomes. To illustrate the practical significance of these findings, I also explain how the magnitude of the marital quality–physical health association is similar to that of associations between health behaviors (diet, physical activity) and health outcomes, and briefly review the state of the science regarding plausible biobehavioral pathways that explain how marital functioning influences health. After describing the current state of research on factors that might modify the association between marital quality and health, particularly individual differences and gender, I conclude with implications of the past 50 years of research on marital quality and health for marriage in the 21st century.
Development of Spatial-Numerical Associations
Authors: McCrink Koleen , Opfer John E.
Published: December 2014

Links between spatial and numerical thinking are well established in studies of adult cognition. Here, we review recent research on the origins and development of these links, with an emphasis on the formative role of experience in typical development and on the theoretical insights to be gained from infant cognition. This research points to three important influences on the development of spatial-numerical associations: innate mechanisms linking space and nonsymbolic number, gross and fine motor activity that couples spatial location to both symbolic and nonsymbolic number, and culturally bound activities (e.g., reading, writing, and counting) that shape the relationship between spatial direction and symbolic number.
The Effects of Constant Time Delay and Instructive Feedback on the Acquisition of English and Spanish Sight Words
Authors: Appelman Michelle , Vail Cynthia O. , Lieberman-Betz Rebecca G.
Published: December 2014

The authors of this study evaluated the acquisition of instructive feedback information presented to four kindergarten children with mild delays taught in dyads using a constant time delay (CTD) procedure. They also assessed the learning of observational (dyadic partner) information within this instructional arrangement. A multiple probe design across word sets, replicated across the four participants, was used to evaluate the efficacy of the CTD procedure and instructive feedback on the students’ expressive English sight word identification, the corresponding Spanish translations, and other students’ target words. Results showed that all participants acquired high percentages of their targeted English sight words, as well as targeted Spanish translations taught through an instructive feedback procedure. Lower percentages of non-targeted English and Spanish words were acquired through observational learning.
A pathogenic role for ER stress-induced autophagy and ER chaperone GRP78/BiP in T lymphocyte systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lee Won-Seok , Sung Myung-Soon , Lee Eun-Gyeong , Yoo Han-Gyul , Cheon Yun-Hong , Chae Han-Jung , Yoo Wan-Hee
Published: December 2014

Abnormal regulation of ER stress and apoptosis has been implicated in autoimmune disorders. Particularly, ER stress-induced autophagy and the role of GRP78, or BiP in T lymphocyte survival and death in SLE are poorly understood. This study investigated the pathogenic roles of ER stress-induced autophagy and GRP78/BiP in apoptosis of T lymphocytes. We compared spontaneous and induced autophagy and apoptosis of T lymphocytes in healthy donors and patients with SLE. The molecular mechanism of altered autophagy and apoptosis was investigated in T lymphocytes transfected with siRNA for beclin 1 and CHOP and T lymphocytes overexpressing GRP78. Decreased autophagy and increased apoptosis in response to TG-induced ER stress were observed in lupus T lymphocytes. GRP78 and ER stress-signaling molecules, such as PERK, p-eIF2α, IRE1, and ATF6 decreased, whereas CHOP levels increased in lupus T cells in response to TG. The levels antiapoptotic molecules, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL decreased, whereas the proapoptotic molecules, Bax and caspase 6, increased in lupus T cells. The TG-induced ER stress altered autophagy and apoptosis, which in turn, led to abnormal T cell homeostasis with increased apoptotic T cell death. We hypothesize that aberrant autophagy of T lymphocytes as a result of ER stress and decreased GRP78 expression is involved in the pathogenesis of SLE and might serve as important therapeutic targets.
Editorial
Authors: Crouch Anna , Maunder Rachel , Sneddon Simon , Turner Scott
Published: December 2014

Editorial for the 2014 issue
The stability of covalently immobilization of TEMPO on the polymer surface through ionic liquid linkage: a comparative and model research
Authors: Li Danjie , Shen Xianbo , Chen Liang , Jiang Huanchang , Wang Jianli
Published: December 2014

Covalently immobilizing the active sites or ligands on a polymer surface is an efficient strategy to achieve a full use of expensive organic parts. In this work, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) was anchored onto polystyrene beads through an ether bond or an ionic liquid bridge. We quantitatively compared their thermal stabilities at nitrogen atmosphere and their chemical stabilities in a biphasic oxidation surrounding. It was found that the ionic liquid-bridged TEMPO exhibited an additional advantage of stability and could be reused for 30 consecutive recycles with a conversion ratio above 90% without any significant loss under the condition of the Montanari oxidation system (NaClO/NaBr, CH2Cl2/water), and the overall reaction time exceeded 2700 min.
Tensile strength of handsheets prepared with macerated fibres from solid wood modified with cross-linking agents
Authors: Adamopoulos Stergios , Hosseinpourpia Reza , Mai Carsten
Published: December 2014

This study was conducted to explain the tensile strength loss of wood due to the modification with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and glutaraldehyde (GA). Modified and control wood blocks were macerated to deliberate fibres, and handsheets were produced thereof. The nitrogen content of the fibres indicated that maceration removed the major proportions of DMDHEU. The stability of GA in wood during maceration was not assessed. Tensile strength determined at zero span (z-strength) and finite span (f-strength) was equal for the handsheets from DMDHEU-modified fibres and the control handsheets. The microscopic appearance of the tested finite-span paper strips from DMDHEU-modified fibres mainly indicated interfibre failure and did not differ from the fibre fracture mode of the control handsheets. In contrast, the z-strength of the handsheets from GA-modified fibres was lower than that of controls and decreased with increasing content of GA in the initial modified wood. The f-strength behaviour of the handsheets from GA-modified fibres was the opposite: it was higher than that of controls and increased with increasing GA content. The microscopic appearance of the rapture zones of the finite-span testing mainly indicated intrafibre failure for the GA-modified fibres. It was concluded that cross-linking is likely to be the major reason for tensile strength loss of GA- and DMDHEU-modified wood. In terms of DMDHEU-modified wood, the incrustation of the cell wall by the resin and the reduction in pliability could play an additional role.
Once more on Hittite ā/e-ablauting ḫi-verbs
Authors: Kloekhorst Alwin
Published: December 2014

The theory that Proto-Indo-European knew a “h₂e-conjugation” with an *o/e-ablauting acrostatic paradigm (Jasanoff 1979; Jasanoff 2003) relies heavily on the existence of Hittite ā/e-ablauting ḫi-verbs. In Kloekhorst 2012a I have argued that none of these ā/e-ablauting verbs can be original. In a reaction to this article, Melchert (2013) raises objections to a number of my arguments and concludes that some of the ā/e-ablauting verbs must be original and that therefore the Hittite material does support the “h₂e-conjugation” theory. In the following article I will discuss in detail all points on which Melchert and I disagree, and argue that his objections do not hold, and that the Hittite ā/e-ablauting ḫi-verbs cannot be used as evidence in favor of the “h₂e-conjugation” theory.
Neue koptische medizinische Rezepte
Authors: Richter Tonio Sebastian
Published: December 2014

The article presents four new additions to the inventory of Coptic medical texts. The papyrus fragments P.TT157-470 and P.Heid. G 698(c), both datable to the 4th/5th century CE, belong to the earliest known Coptic medical texts. One of the eye salves of P.TT157-470 and the type of eye salve called (kollyrion) monohemeron are otherwise attested in classical medical compendia, and the simple drugs of its materia medica are exclusively referred to by Greek loanwords, notably derived from genitive input forms. P.Louvre AF 12530, a 9th/10th-century papyrus strip, offers evidence for the subsequent replacement of Greek taxonomic vocabulary by Arabic terms, as well as for pharmaceutical concepts typical of Arabic medicine. Its scribe is identical to that of Bodleian MS Copt. (P) a.1; therefore, the Louvre medical and the Oxford alchemical recipes originally formed one medico-alchemical assemblage. Hitherto unpublished fragments of the miniature-sized parchment codex P.Carlsberg 500, whose central section was edited by Erichsen 1963, shed new light on the botanical systematics of this unique Coptic herbal.
Size Effects on Photocatalytic H2 Generation with CdSe/CdS Core-Shell Nanocrystals
Authors: Ehrat Florian , Simon Thomas , Stolarczyk Jacek K. , Feldmann Jochen
Published: December 2014

CdSe/CdS core-shell nanocrystals with controlled
CdS shell thickness and CdSe core size were synthesized
for several different values of these two parameters. The particles in
aqueous dispersion were in situ decorated with Ni nanoparticles
and evaluated for photocatalytic hydrogen generation capacity. The
highest H2 production quantum yield at 457 nm
illumination was 4.7%, while at 530 nm it rose to
9.1%. We have found that ensuring equal absorption at
illumination wavelength the H2 formation rate increases with
the shell thickness, but decreases with the increasing core
size. Interestingly, the same trend was observed for the
photoluminesce quantum yield and lifetime for samples without
Ni decoration, suggesting that they reflect the balance between
charge transfer and avoidance of recombination sites which is crucial
for photocatalysis with semiconductor nanocrystals. Moreover, the
core-shell nanocrystals constitute a very convenient model system in
which the charge carrier dynamics in photocatalytic applications can
be studied. In comparison with well-known CdSe/CdS
dot-in-rod structures they are less efficient at blue illumination,
but they allow for significant extension of the usable absorption
range.
Força de trabalho de enfermagem de nível elementar no município de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Carvalho Daclé Vilma , Ferreira Anísia Angélica , Matos Selme Siqueira de , Antunes Maria José Moraes
Published: December 2014

O presente estudo refere-se ao levantamento da força de trabalho em enfermagem de pessoas sem qualificação específica em 82 hospitais e serviços de saúde de Belo Horizonte, e cuja finalidade é oferecer subsídios aos órgãos de classe (ABEn, COREn, Sindicatos) ao subprojeto tecnologia para formação de pessoal de nível médio da Escola de Enfermagem da UFMG, Secretaria do Estado de Saúde-MG e Secretaria Municipal de Saúde-MG, para elaboração e implementação de programas para profissionalização desse pessoal de Enfermagem.
Satisfação e motivação no trabalho do enfermeiro
Authors: Antunes Arthur Velloso , Sant Anna Lígia Rodrigues
Published: December 2014

Uma questão que afeta o equilíbrio interno de um sistema como o hospital é o grau de satisfação/motivação das pessoas que ali trabalham. Diante dos fatos observados e discutidos sobre nossa vivência profissional e as colocações de alguns autores (Alcântara e Ribas Comes), parece existir uma insatisfação destes profissionais com o seu trabalho. Assim, embasados na teoria dos dois fatores de Herzberg et all e mais especificamente na interpretação que Maximiano faz acerca desta teoria, nos propusemos a fazer uma pesquisa para verificar a satisfação e a motivação no trabalho do enfermeiro. Seus objetivos foram verificar se os enfermeiros se sentem satisfeitos/motivados em seu trabalho e se existe relação das condições de trabalho (fatores higiênicos) com a satisfação e das características do trabalho (fatores motivacionais) com a motivação.
Atos & autores: o lúdico na educação em saúde
Authors: Araújo Eduardo Gomes de , Nunes Mônica Maria Levi Gonçalves
Published: December 2014

Uma das formas que o capitalismo encontrou para perpetuar sua ideologia foi fazer da instituição escolar seu aparelho ideológico. Neste espaço disciplinado, não raramente se opõem educadores e educandos, e a prática pedagógica é imputada através de esquemas preestabelecidos e alienantes. Na esfera da saúde, este esquema se repete, pois as concepções de saúde/doença dos profissionais de saúde apontam a população como subordinados e transmitem a educação para a saúde calcada em conselhos e normas para os indivíduos, num processo de culpabilidade por suas doenças. Pretendemos neste trabalho relatar nossa experiência com o Psicodrama Pedagógico de ROMANÃ (1987) no levantamento de demandas referentes a informações sobre Primeiros Socorros entre adolescentes matriculados no Curso de Patrulheirismo da Rocinha(R.J.), onde os dados levantados, no ano de 1995, foram sujeitos a uma análise qualitativa do discurso. No decorrer da experiência, percebemos que a utilização de uma metodologia que não exclui o contexto social dos sujeitos da aprendizagem, contribui para que esses compreendam seu papel e compromisso com a transformação individual e coletiva. Esperamos contribuir com a Enfermagem, mostrando possibilidades pedagógicas, humanizantes e criativas para a Educação em saúde.
As mulheres e os receios vivenciados em suas trajetórias obstétricas
Authors: Oba Maria das Dores do Vale , Tavares Maria Solange Guarino
Published: December 2014

A assistência ao parto constitui ainda hoje um ponto crítico do atendimento obstétrico, acarretando conseqüências negativas para mulher e criança. O presente estudo procurou buscar a percepção das usuárias numa Unidade Básica de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto, sobre assistência ao parto, através da abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistadas 21 gestantes de 14 a 34 anos, em julho de 1995. As manifestações dos receios em decorrência do parto apresentaram-se nas diferentes formas de medo: da morte; do sofrimento do parto; de acontecer algo com o bebê; de não ser bem atendida; do tipo de parto; do hospital, de ser atendida por outro médico com o qual não realizou o pré-natal; de não ter convênio médico; de não saber em qual hospital terá o filho.
O papel do enfermeiro especialista e do mestre nos serviços de saúde é o mesmo?
Authors: Enders Bertha Cruz , Brito Rosineide Santana de , Monteiro Akemi Iwata , Germano Raimunda Medeiros
Published: December 2014

O propósito do estudo foi identificar o papel do enfermeiro especialista e do mestre nos serviços de saúde, a partir das expectativas dos dirigentes e dos enfermeiros nas instituições. Dirigentes de 25 serviços de saúde e 278 enfermeiros responderam um instrumento desenhado a identificar o grau de suas expectativas para com o enfermeiro com pós-graduação. Os resultados indicam que os enfermeiros e os dirigentes esperam que o enfermeiro com pós-graduação no serviço seja altamente capacitado para a assistência. Enquanto os dirigentes expressaram uma ligeira diferenciação em favor do mestre quanto ao conhecimento aprofundado da especialidade, as expectativas dos enfermeiros com relação a este são um pouco maior em todos os aspectos. Os dirigentes priorizam cursos de atualização para os enfermeiros enquanto que os enfermeiros a especialização. Conclui-se que o papel é percebido de forma igualitária para ambos os profissionais portanto, há necessidade de aprofundar as discussões sobre as funções do enfermeiro com pós-GRADUAÇÃO NOS SERVIÇOS E SOBRE OS OBJETIVOS DA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO NA REGIÃO.
Os bens de informação e o problema da primeira cópia
Authors: Carvalho Selma
Published: December 2014

O artigo apresenta um ensaio teórico de caráter exploratório dos bens de informação, categoria de produtos intensivos em informação, que uma vez digitalizados, podem ser dissociados das embalagens físicas nas quais são entregues, o que torna os custos marginais desprezíveis graças às mudanças na sua estrutura de custos de produção e distribuição eletrônica. A partir da compreensão das especificidades da estrutura de custos dos bens de informação, apresenta-se o chamado "problema da primeira cópia", que anuncia a existência de custos desprezíveis de produção de cópias adicionais uma vez que a cópia original tenha sido produzida. Finalmente, é colocada uma importante implicação para as firmas decorrente do problema da primeira cópia: a tradicional formação de preços com base em custos se torna inadequada, o que requer novas práticas organizacionais.
Pedagogia crítica no ensino da administração: desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Paula Ana Paula Paes de , Rodrigues Marco Aurélio
Published: December 2014

O objetivo é avaliar os desafios e possibilidades do uso da pedagogia crítica no ensino da Administração. Na introdução, discutimos a situação da pesquisa e do ensino de gestão no Brasil e no mundo, sugerindo a necessidade de mudanças nos conteúdos e métodos pedagógicos, como a introdução da abordagem crítica. Na primeira parte do artigo, apresentamos a gênese e os conceitos da pedagogia crítica, bem como as dificuldades enfrentadas para implementá-la. Na segunda parte, analisamos algumas experiências de uso da pedagogia crítica no ensino de graduação e pós-graduação em Administração. Na terceira parte, descrevemos a nossa própria experiência. Nas considerações finais, fazemos algumas recomendações para os docentes que pretendem seguir esta abordagem.
Assimetria informacional e eficiência semiforte do mercado
Authors: Belo Neuza Maria , Brasil Haroldo Guimarães
Published: December 2014

O artigo investiga a assimetria informacional no mercado de capitais brasileiro quando da convocação para a Assembléia Geral Ordinária (AGO) ou para a Reunião do Conselho de Administração (RCA), desde que na pauta conste a intenção de aumentar o capital, via subscrição de ações, ou quando do anúncio da decisão de aumentar o capital, verificando-se a eficiência semiforte do mercado e a assimetria informacional. Os dados foram obtidos da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM) e do banco de dados da empresa de consultoria Lafis. Com base em pesquisa teórica e empírica, investiga-se a existência de retornos anormais quando do anúncio de novas subscrições, bem como de retornos anormais acumulados para um período anterior (-20 dias) e um período posterior (+20 dias) em relação à data do anúncio. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem a existência de assimetria informacional no mercado de capitais brasileiro e a inexistência da eficiência semiforte do mercado.
Relação orientador-orientando e suas influências na elaboração de teses e dissertações
Authors: Leite Filho Geraldo Alemandro , Martins Gilberto de Andrade
Published: December 2014

O artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a relação orientador-orientando e suas influências no processo de produção de teses e dissertações dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Contabilidade na cidade de São Paulo. O campo de estudos foi o do ensino e pesquisa em Administração e Contabilidade. Como abordagem metodológica foi utilizada a avaliação qualitativa, com coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas estruturadas. Foram entrevistados orientadores e orientandos dos programas de pós-graduação em Contabilidade da USP, PUC-SP e FECAP. Os resultados indicaram que, no processo de escolha, orientadores valorizaram características técnicas dos orientandos, enquanto os orientandos enfatizaram as características afetivas e pessoais dos orientadores. Verificou-se também que a atividade de orientação qualifica os orientandos para a autoria e que muitos problemas surgidos durante o processo de construção do trabalho estariam ligados à relação orientador-orientando.
Improving control of contamination from waste rock piles
Authors: Broda Stefan , Aubertin Michel , Blessent Daniela , Hirthe Eugenia , Graf Thomas
Published: December 2014

Waste rock piles are made of heterogeneous, coarse-grained rock extracted from mines to reach the ore. The internal structure of a pile has a major impact on water and oxygen movement and hence the production of acid mine drainage or contaminated neutral drainage. This paper illustrates potential avenues to minimise the infiltration of precipitation into the core zone of rock piles by applying a compacted layer on top of each bench, made of finer-grained non-reactive waste rock. Several configurations and characteristics (without and with cover, inclined and horizontal covers, varying hydrogeological properties of the cover material) are evaluated using the numerical three-dimensional fully integrated variably saturated flow model HydroGeoSphere. In these simulations of a single bench, the compacted layer is represented as being homogeneous and isotropic while the loose core waste rock zone is represented using two approaches: (i) the classic equivalent porous media approach and (ii) a medium with randomly generated fractures to represent the effect of macropores on water flow. Short (10 d) and longer-term (1 a) simulations have been conducted with recharge events based on historic observations. The results provide guidelines for the design of efficient compacted layers leading to an improved environmental response of waste rock piles.
Atendimento a um Portador de Transtornos Mentais em uma Delegacia de Polícia: um Relato de Caso
Authors: Leonardo Naves dos Reis  , Ricardo Gonçalves Vaz de Oliveira  , Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura  , Zeyne Alves Pires Scherer
Published: December 2014

A saúde constitui um direito fundamental. No Brasil este direito é provido à população através do SUS, o qual é regido por princípios e diretrizes. Como um sistema que oferece atenção integral, o SUS deve ofertar assistência à saúde mental. Este tipo de assistência vem sofrendo profundas mudanças relacionadas ao processo de desinstitucionalização. Este estudo objetivou apresentar a experiência vivenciada por dois policiais civis, em um plantão policial de uma delegacia de polícia do interior do Estado de São Paulo, na condução de um caso de usuário de drogas, portador de transtorno mental e morador de rua. Compareceram na unidade, guardas municipais conduzindo o indivíduo, com comportamento agressivo e com histórico de registros policiais anteriores. Através da análise do caso, foram examinadas as dificuldades enfrentadas relacionadas à ineficiência da administração pública em prestar assistência em saúde mental adequada. Concluiu-se que a ineficiência e inércia do poder público em providenciar um atendimento de qualidade representam violações à dignidade humana, sendo extremamente necessária a adequação dos serviços de saúde mental oferecidos pelo município e a implementação de ações educativas direcionadas à população e ao pessoal de segurança pública de forma a mudar suas percepções sobre o indivíduo que apresenta necessidades de assistência à sua saúde mental.
A Fragilidade da Análise Facial como Único Método de Identificação Humana
Authors: Fernando Fortes Pícoli  , André Montanini Alves  , Mayara Barbosa Viandelli Mundim  , Solon Diego Santos Carvalho Mendes  , Rhonan Ferreira da Silva
Published: December 2014

A identificação humana é o procedimento por meio do qual uma pessoa à diferenciada de outra em função de suas características únicas (físicas, psíquicas, funcionais e civis). A crescente demanda dos serviços de identificação post mortem associada ao crescimento da criminalidade em nosso país, sobretudo dos números absolutos e relativos dos crimes contra a vida, coincidiu com a utilização de métodos que tinham o objetivo de identificar pessoas, mas cuja confiabilidade ainda não está comprovada cientificamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possibilidade de um desses métodos (a análise facial para fins de identificação) ser utilizado para identificação humana. Para tanto, procedeu-se a uma revisão bibliográfica que permitiu a comparação entre análise facial e métodos de identificações primários (análise das impressões papilares, exames Odontolegais e análise do material genético), que são recomendados pela INTERPOL. Tendo como referência os estudos encontrados, concluiu-se que a análise facial não deve ser utilizada como método primário de identificação humana, sobretudo aquela post mortem, tendo em vista não cumprir os requisitos fundamentais dos métodos de identificação, sobretudo considerando o fato de existirem outros métodos viáveis, que se complementam um ao outro e cuja confiabilidade é cientificamente comprovada.
O Sistema Prisional – Entre sua História, Seus Conceitos, a Perpetuação da Defesa Social e Sua Crise
Authors: Luis Fernando Alves Silva  , Rubens Correia Junior
Published: December 2014

A presente pesquisa inicia-se pela evolução histórica da pena de prisão, passando pela antiguidade, idade média, moderna e o período humanitário, marcado pelos grandes pensadores Cesare Beccaria, John Howard e Jeremy Bentham. Em seguida há uma exposição das teorias que fundamentam os objetivos das penas. Desta forma foram citadas as seguintes teorias: Retributiva; Relativa que consiste na Prevenção Geral e Especial; Teoria mista tendo Claus Roxin como expoente e por último a teoria da doutrina contemporânea. Nesta linha de raciocínio, procede-se a incursão do modelo do sistema penitenciário brasileiro, os tipos de penas privativas de liberdade e os modelos de regimes prisionais. Destacam-se também alguns fatores que expõem a falência da pena privativa de liberdade que são demonstradas pelo crescimento de crimes, rebeliões e fugas que denigrem a capacidade administrativa do Estado.
Commentary
Authors: Hannam Kevin
Published: December 2014

In this brief commentary on the articles in this special section, I would like to relate them to more contemporary mobilities issues as well as the wider mobilities theoretical literature. In so doing, I seek to highlight and interrogate a key theme, namely Asian innovation in mobilities and processes of cultural diffusion. As the editors of the special section suggest, historically the introduction of new transportation technologies and their ensuing mobilities practices became symbols of modernity for much of South and Southeast Asia under colonialism. They also emphasize that such innovations were highly contested and thus they suggest that the mobility of mobilities is seldom a smooth process, but, rather, laden with negotiations and struggles over power. Furthermore, the editors highlight that Asia should not be represented as an imitator of Western mobility and modernity but rather seek to place innovation agency in Asian hands. The articles prompt me to ask a further question about the role of non-human actors in these processes: Is it more a question of placing innovation in the vehicles of mobility themselves?
Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Antiproliferative Compounds of Lipidic Fractions from White Shrimp Muscle (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: López-Saiz Carmen-María , Velázquez Carlos , Hernández Javier , Cinco-Moroyoqui Francisco-Javier , Plascencia-Jatomea Maribel , Robles-Sánchez Maribel , Machi-Lara Lorena , Burgos-Hernández Armando
Published: December 2014

Shrimp is one of the most popular seafood items worldwide, and has been reported as a source of chemopreventive compounds. In this study, shrimp lipids were separated by solvent partition and further fractionated by semi-preparative RP-HPLC and finally by open column chromatography in order to obtain isolated antiproliferative compounds. Antiproliferative activity was assessed by inhibition of M12.C3.F6 murine cell growth using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. The methanolic fraction showed the highest antiproliferative activity; this fraction was separated into 15 different sub-fractions (M1–M15). Fractions M8, M9, M10, M12, and M13 were antiproliferative at 100 µg/mL and they were further tested at lower concentrations. Fractions M12 and M13 exerted the highest growth inhibition with an IC50 of 19.5 ± 8.6 and 34.9 ± 7.3 µg/mL, respectively. Fraction M12 was further fractionated in three sub-fractions M12a, M12b, and M12c. Fraction M12a was identified as di-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate, fraction M12b as a triglyceride substituted by at least two fatty acids (predominantly oleic acid accompanied with eicosapentaenoic acid) and fraction M12c as another triglyceride substituted with eicosapentaenoic acid and saturated fatty acids. Bioactive triglyceride contained in M12c exerted the highest antiproliferative activity with an IC50 of 11.33 ± 5.6 µg/mL. Biological activity in shrimp had been previously attributed to astaxanthin; this study demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids are the main compounds responsible for antiproliferative activity.
A Sensitive A3B Porphyrin Nanomaterial for CO2 Detection
Authors: Fagadar-Cosma Eugenia , Vlascici Dana , Fagadar-Cosma Gheorghe , Palade Anca , Lascu Anca , Creanga Ionela , Birdeanu Mihaela , Cristescu Rodica , Cernica Ileana
Published: December 2014

The present report deals with the tailoring, preparation and characterization of novel nanomaterials sensitive to CO2 for use in detection of this gas during space habitation missions. A new nanostructured material based on mixed substituted asymmetrical A3B porphyrin: 5-(4-pyridyl)-10,15,20-tris(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-porphyrin (PyTDMeOPP) was synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis, fluorescence, MS, HPLC and AFM. Introducing one pyridyl substituent in the 5-meso-position of porphyrin macrocycle confers some degree of hydrophilicity, which may cause self-assembly properties and a better response to increased acidity. The influence of pH and nature of the solvent upon H and J aggregates of the porphyrin are discussed. Porphyrin aggregation at the air–THF interface gave a triangular type morphology, randomly distributed but uniformly oriented. When deposition was made by multiple drop-casting operations, a network of triangles of uniform size was created and a porous structure was obtained, being reorganized finally in rings. When the deposition was made from CHCl3, ring structures ranging in internal diameter from 300 nm to 1 µm, but with the same width of the corona circular of approx. 200 nm were obtained. This porphyrin-based material, capable of generating ring aggregates in both THF and CHCl3, has been proven to be sensitive to CO2 detection. The dependence between the intensity of porphyrin UV-vis absorption and the concentration of CO2 has a good correlation of 98.4%.
Largely Reduced Grid Densities in a Vibrational Self-Consistent Field Treatment Do Not Significantly Impact the ResultingWavenumbers
Authors: Lutz Oliver , Rode Bernd , Bonn Günther , Huck Christian
Published: December 2014

Especially for larger molecules relevant to life sciences, vibrational self-consistent field (VSCF) calculations can become unmanageably demanding even when only first and second order potential coupling terms are considered. This paper investigates to what extent the grid density of the VSCF’s underlying potential energy surface can be reduced without sacrificing accuracy of the resulting wavenumbers. Including single-mode and pair contributions, a reduction to eight points per mode did not introduce a significant deviation but improved the computational efficiency by a factor of four. A mean unsigned deviation of 1.3% from the experiment could be maintained for the fifteen molecules under investigation and the approach was found to be applicable to rigid, semi-rigid and soft vibrational problems likewise. Deprotonated phosphoserine, stabilized by two intramolecular hydrogen bonds, was investigated as an exemplary application.
Effective Low-Power Wearable Wireless Surface EMG Sensor Design Based on Analog-Compressed Sensing
Authors: Balouchestani Mohammadreza , Krishnan Sridhar
Published: December 2014

Surface Electromyography (sEMG) is a non-invasive measurement process that does not involve tools and instruments to break the skin or physically enter the body to investigate and evaluate the muscular activities produced by skeletal muscles. The main drawbacks of existing sEMG systems are: (1) they are not able to provide real-time monitoring; (2) they suffer from long processing time and low speed; (3) they are not effective for wireless healthcare systems because they consume huge power. In this work, we present an analog-based Compressed Sensing (CS) architecture, which consists of three novel algorithms for design and implementation of wearable wireless sEMG bio-sensor. At the transmitter side, two new algorithms are presented in order to apply the analog-CS theory before Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). At the receiver side, a robust reconstruction algorithm based on a combination of ℓ1-ℓ1-optimization and Block Sparse Bayesian Learning (BSBL) framework is presented to reconstruct the original bio-signals from the compressed bio-signals. The proposed architecture allows reducing the sampling rate to 25% of Nyquist Rate (NR). In addition, the proposed architecture reduces the power consumption to 40%, Percentage Residual Difference (PRD) to 24%, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) to 2%, and the computation time from 22 s to 9.01 s, which provide good background for establishing wearable wireless healthcare systems. The proposed architecture achieves robust performance in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for the reconstruction process.
Orientation to a Provider Unit
Authors: DeSilets Lynore D.
Published: December 2014

This column reviews the process of orienting a program coordinator into a newly created position of nurse planner for an American Nurses Credentialing Center accredited provider unit. Examples of the orientation plan and components of the process are addressed.
Training nurses to reduce child mortality
Authors: McKerrow Neil H.
Published: December 2014

No abstract available.
Hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares y nutrimentos del suelo asociados a cuatro especies de helechos en dos ecosistemas de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Bautista-Cruz Ana A. , Montaño Noé M. , Camargo-Ricalde Sara L. , Pacheco Leticia
Published: December 2014

La abundancia y riqueza de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (HMA), así como la micorriza arbuscular (MA) en las raíces de cuatro especies de helechos (Cheilanthes myriophylla, Ch. bonariensis, Blechnum appendiculatum y Adiantum capillus-veneris) se evaluaron en relación con la fertilidad del suelo durante febrero y diciembre. Los helechos se evaluaron en dos ecosistemas de Oaxaca, México: Ch. myriophylla y Ch. bonariensis en el matorral xerófilo semiárido, y B. appendiculatum y A. capillus-veneris en el bosque mesófilo de montaña. El suelo rizosférico de las cuatro especies tuvo mayor abundancia y riqueza de esporas de HMA que el suelo sin helechos. En total se registraron 13 géneros y 32 morfoespecies de HMA. Las morfoespecies de Glomus se detectaron en ambos ecosistemas, mientras que Racocetra, Scutellospora, Diversispora y Gigaspora fueron exclusivas del bosque mesófilo. La baja micorrización arbuscular se atribuyó a los altos niveles de materia orgánica, N total y P inorgánico; la MA fue más activa en Ch. bonariensis, especie del matorral xerófilo, lo cual sugiere que la MA es regulada por la disponibilidad de recursos y la identidad del helecho. Las cuatro especies forman reservorios de HMA, lo que indica que los helechos podrían generar inóculos nativos útiles para la restauración ambiental de sus ecosistemas.
Conservando la mariposa monarca (Danaus plexippus l.), conservando enemigosnaturales de plagas
Authors: Cortez-Madrigal Hipólito , García-González Fabián , Guzmán-Larralde Adriana
Published: December 2014

El potencial de la mariposa monarca (Danaus plexippus L.) como hospedera alterna de enemigos naturales de plagas, se investigó (marzo de 2012 a marzo de 2013) en una plantación de Asclepias curassavica L. en la Ciénega de Chapala, Villamar, Michoacán. Para ello, se colectaron muestras de huevos del fitófago y se incubaron en cajas Petri para el registro de parasitismo. Los resultados indican que D. plexippus estuvo presente durante todo el año en la región de estudio, con los niveles máximos de oviposturas durante agosto-diciembre. Trichogramma pretiosum Riley fue el parasitoide predominante, con niveles de parasitismo hasta de 100 %; su mayor actividad coincidió con los niveles máximos de oviposturas del fitófago. La emergencia múltiple de parasitoides en cada huevo de la mariposa contribuye al incremento de las poblaciones de T. pretiosum en campo. Basados en ello, D. plexippus puede considerarse un excelente hospedero alterno de T. pretiosum, enemigo natural de lepidópteros plaga. Adicionalmente, la estrategia propuesta busca contribuir con la conservación e incremento de las poblaciones de la monarca, tanto mediante la conservación de su hospedera A. curassavica como por la eventual reducción en el uso de insecticidas para eliminar plagas.
Systems Epidemiology: What’s in a Name?
Authors: Dammann Olaf , Gray Phillip , Gressens Pierre , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Leviton Alan
Published: December 2014

Systems biology is an interdisciplinary effort to integrate molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and organism levels of function into computational models that facilitate the identification of general principles. Systems medicine adds a disease focus. Systems epidemiology adds yet another level consisting of antecedents that might contribute to the disease process in populations. In etiologic and prevention research, systems-type thinking about multiple levels of causation will allow epidemiologists to identify contributors to disease at multiple levels as well as their interactions. In public health, systems epidemiology will contribute to the improvement of syndromic surveillance methods. We encourage the creation of computational simulation models that integrate information about disease etiology, pathogenetic data, and the expertise of investigators from different disciplines.