bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some new soliton solutions of a semi-discrete fractional complex coupled dispersionless system
Authors: Abdel Kader A. H. , El Bialy F. , Nour H. M. , Abdel Latif M. S.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a semi-discrete fractional derivative complex coupled dispersionless system is proposed. The properties of M-fractional derivative are utilized to convert discrete M-fractional derivative system to a classical discrete differential system. Then the invariant subspace method (ISM) is utilized to find dark, bright, kink and W-shaped soliton solutions for the proposed system.
Effects of invisible lip movements on phonetic perception
Authors: Teramoto W. , Ernst M. O.
Published: April 2023

We investigated whether ‘invisible’ visual information, i.e., visual information that is not consciously perceived, could affect auditory speech perception. Repeated exposure to McGurk stimuli (auditory /ba/ with visual [ga]) temporarily changes the perception of the auditory /ba/ into a ‘da’ or ‘ga’. This altered auditory percept persists even after the presentation of the McGurk stimuli when the auditory stimulus is presented alone (McGurk aftereffect). We used this and presented the auditory /ba/ either with or without (No Face) a masked face articulating a visual [ba] (Congruent Invisible) or a visual [ga] (Incongruent Invisible). Thus, we measured the extent to which the invisible faces could undo or prolong the McGurk aftereffects. In a further control condition, the incongruent faces remained unmasked and thus visible, resulting in four conditions in total. Visibility was defined by the participants’ subjective dichotomous reports (‘visible’ or ‘invisible’). The results showed that the Congruent Invisible condition reduced the McGurk aftereffects compared with the other conditions, while the Incongruent Invisible condition showed no difference with the No Face condition. These results suggest that ‘invisible’ visual information that is not consciously perceived can affect phonetic perception, but only when visual information is congruent with auditory information.
Exploring the role of human-following robots in supporting the mobility and wellbeing of older people
Authors: Li Shuo , Milligan Kirsty , Blythe Phil , Zhang Yanghanzi , Edwards Simon , Palmarini Nic , Corner Lynne , Ji Yanjie , Zhang Fan , Namdeo Anil
Published: April 2023

With the ever-pressing challenges of societal ageing, robotic technologies for older people are increasingly portrayed as a solution for better independent living for longer. However, the application of human-following robots for elderly citizens has not yet been considered, and any prospective benefits offered by the technology for active ageing have previously been overlooked. This qualitative research aimed to explore older people’s needs and requirements towards the human-following robot through the reflexive thematic analysis of semi-structured interview data from 17 independent older adults, supported by a video-based demonstration of the robot. The results indicate that older people believed that human-following robot has the potential to provide social benefits to an independent older adult by encouraging walking trips and prompting social interaction with others in the community. Practical limitations and cost of the robot are barriers to adoption at present. The findings indicate that there is potential for human-following robots to support active ageing, through increasing opportunities for the social participation of an older adult, but further development of the robot is needed for this potential to be realised.
Human immune and gut microbial parameters associated with inter-individual variations in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced immunity
Authors: Hirota Masato , Tamai Miho , Yukawa Sachie , Taira Naoyuki , Matthews Melissa M. , Toma Takeshi , Seto Yu , Yoshida Makiko , Toguchi Sakura , Miyagi Mio , Mori Tomoari , Tomori Hiroaki , Tamai Osamu , Kina Mitsuo , Sakihara Eishin , Yamashiro Chiaki , Miyagi Masatake , Tamaki Kentaro , Wolf Matthias , Collins Mary K. , Kitano Hiroaki , Ishikawa Hiroki
Published: April 2023

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce protective adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in most individuals, but there is wide variation in levels of vaccine-induced antibody and T-cell responses. However, the mechanisms underlying this inter-individual variation remain unclear. Here, using a systems biology approach based on multi-omics analyses of human blood and stool samples, we identified several factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses. BNT162b2-induced T cell response is positively associated with late monocyte responses and inversely associated with baseline mRNA expression of activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors. Interestingly, the gut microbial fucose/rhamnose degradation pathway is positively correlated with mRNA expression of AP-1, as well as a gene encoding an enzyme producing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which promotes AP-1 expression, and inversely correlated with BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses. These results suggest that baseline AP-1 expression, which is affected by commensal microbial activity, is a negative correlate of BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses.
Recreation of an antigen-driven germinal center in vitro by providing B cells with phagocytic antigen
Authors: Martínez-Riaño Ana , Delgado Pilar , Tercero Rut , Barrero Sara , Mendoza Pilar , Oeste Clara L. , Abia David , Rodríguez-Bovolenta Elena , Turner Martin , Alarcón Balbino
Published: April 2023

Successful vaccines rely on activating a functional humoral immune response through the generation of class-switched high affinity immunoglobulins (Igs). The germinal center (GC) reaction is crucial for this process, in which B cells are selected in their search for antigen and T cell help. A major hurdle to understand the mechanisms of B cell:T cell cooperation has been the lack of an antigen-specific in vitro GC system. Here we report the generation of antigen-specific, high-affinity, class-switched Igs in simple 2-cell type cultures of naive B and T cells. B cell antigen uptake by phagocytosis is key to generate these Igs. We have used the method to interrogate if T cells confer directional help to cognate B cells that present antigen and to bystander B cells. We find that bystander B cells do not generate class-switched antibodies due to a defective formation of T-B conjugates and an early conversion into memory B cells.
Remote focused encoding and decoding of electric fields through acoustoelectric heterodyning
Authors: Rintoul Jean L. , Neufeld Esra , Butler Chris , Cleveland Robin O. , Grossman Nir
Published: April 2023

Heterodyning of signals through physical multiplication is the building block of numerous modern technologies. Yet, it has been mostly limited to the interaction between electromagnetic fields. Here, we report that heterodyning occurs also between acoustic and electric fields in liquid electrolytes. We predict acoustoelectric heterodyning via computational field modelling, which accounts for the vector nature of the electrolytic acoustoelectric interaction. We then experimentally validate the spatiotemporal characteristics of the field emerging from the acoustoelectric heterodyning effect. The electric field distribution generated by the applied fields can be controlled by the propagating acoustic field and the orientation of the applied electric field, enabling the focusing of the resulting electric field at remote locations. Finally, we demonstrate detection of multi-frequency ionic currents at a distant focal location via signal demodulation using pressure waves in electrolytic liquids. As such, acoustoelectric heterodyning could open possibilities in non-invasive biomedical and bioelectronics applications.
Inferring early genetic progression in cancers with unobtainable premalignant disease
Authors: Leshchiner Ignaty , Mroz Edmund A. , Cha Justin , Rosebrock Daniel , Spiro Oliver , Bonilla-Velez Juliana , Faquin William C. , Lefranc-Torres Armida , Lin Derrick T. , Michaud William A. , Getz Gad , Rocco James W.
Published: April 2023

Analysis of premalignant tissue has identified the typical order of somatic events leading to invasive tumors in several cancer types. For other cancers, premalignant tissue is unobtainable, leaving genetic progression unknown. Here, we demonstrate how to infer progression from exome sequencing of primary tumors. Our computational method, PhylogicNDT, recapitulated the previous experimentally determined genetic progression of human papillomavirus-negative (HPV–) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We then evaluated HPV+HNSCC, which lacks premalignant tissue, and uncovered its previously unknown progression, identifying early drivers. We converted relative timing estimates of driver mutations and HPV integration to years before diagnosis based on a clock-like mutational signature. We associated the timing of transitions to aneuploidy with increased intratumor genetic heterogeneity and shorter overall survival. Our approach can establish previously unknown early genetic progression of cancers with unobtainable premalignant tissue, supporting development of experimental models and methods for early detection, interception and prognostication.
Ex vivo drug response heterogeneity reveals personalized therapeutic strategies for patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Kropivsek Klara , Kachel Paul , Goetze Sandra , Wegmann Rebekka , Festl Yasmin , Severin Yannik , Hale Benjamin D. , Mena Julien , van Drogen Audrey , Dietliker Nadja , Tchinda Joëlle , Wollscheid Bernd , Manz Markus G. , Snijder Berend
Published: April 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy defined by complex genetics and extensive patient heterogeneity. Despite a growing arsenal of approved therapies, MM remains incurable and in need of guidelines to identify effective personalized treatments. Here, we survey the ex vivo drug and immunotherapy sensitivities across 101 bone marrow samples from 70 patients with MM using multiplexed immunofluorescence, automated microscopy and deep-learning-based single-cell phenotyping. Combined with sample-matched genetics, proteotyping and cytokine profiling, we map the molecular regulatory network of drug sensitivity, implicating the DNA repair pathway and EYA3 expression in proteasome inhibitor sensitivity and major histocompatibility complex class II expression in the response to elotuzumab. Globally, ex vivo drug sensitivity associated with bone marrow microenvironmental signatures reflecting treatment stage, clonality and inflammation. Furthermore, ex vivo drug sensitivity significantly stratified clinical treatment responses, including to immunotherapy. Taken together, our study provides molecular and actionable insights into diverse treatment strategies for patients with MM.
CD103+ regulatory T cells underlie resistance to radio-immunotherapy and impair CD8+ T cell activation in glioblastoma
Authors: van Hooren Luuk , Handgraaf Shanna M. , Kloosterman Daan J. , Karimi Elham , van Mil Lotte W.H.G. , Gassama Awa A. , Solsona Beatriz Gomez , de Groot Marnix H. P. , Brandsma Dieta , Quail Daniela F. , Walsh Logan A. , Borst Gerben R. , Akkari Leila
Published: April 2023

Glioblastomas are aggressive primary brain tumors with an inherent resistance to T cell-centric immunotherapy due to their low mutational burden and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here we report that fractionated radiotherapy of preclinical glioblastoma models induce a tenfold increase in T cell content. Orthogonally, spatial imaging mass cytometry shows T cell enrichment in human recurrent tumors compared with matched primary glioblastoma. In glioblastoma-bearing mice, α-PD-1 treatment applied at the peak of T cell infiltration post-radiotherapy results in a modest survival benefit compared with concurrent α-PD-1 administration. Following α-PD-1 therapy, CD103+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) with upregulated lipid metabolism accumulate in the tumor microenvironment, and restrain immune checkpoint blockade response by repressing CD8+ T cell activation. Treg targeting elicits tertiary lymphoid structure formation, enhances CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequency and function and unleashes radio-immunotherapeutic efficacy. These results support the rational design of therapeutic regimens limiting the induction of immunosuppressive feedback pathways in the context of T cell immunotherapy in glioblastoma.
Facile and green preparation of multifeatured montmorillonite-supported Fe3O4-Cu2+ hybrid magnetic nanomaterials for the selective adsorption of a high-abundance protein from complex biological matrices
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhao Wenchang , Gao Ruixia , Heinlein Jake A. , Pfefferle Lisa D. , Hussain Sameer , Zhang Junjie , Wang Xingyan , An Jingang
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of green and multifeatured montmorillonite-supported Fe3O4-Cu2+ hybrid adsorbents creates a roadmap for developing adsorbents for a high-abundance proteins.
Complications in silane-assisted GaN nanowire growth
Authors: Jiang Nian , Ghosh Saptarsi , Frentrup Martin , Fairclough Simon M. , Loeto Kagiso , Kusch Gunnar , Oliver Rachel A. , Joyce Hannah J.
Published: April 2023

Understanding the growth mechanisms of III-nitride nanowires is of great importance to realise their full potential.
Construction of a Ni(OH)2@CaTiO3 heterostructure on a Ti implant for enhanced osseointegration through NIR photoactivated bacterial inactivation and microenvironment optimization
Authors: Liu Zheng , Ding Hong , He Miaomiao , Jiang Yulin , Qi Lin , Du Meixuan , Wang Jing , Li Yubao , Liu Limin , Feng Ganjun , Zhang Li
Published: April 2023

Desirable antibacterial and osseointegration abilities are essentially important for long-term survival of a Ti-orthopedic implant.
Tailoring natural anthracite carbon materials towards considerable electrochemical properties with exploration of ester/ether-based electrolyte
Authors: Dong Yu , Yuan Shaohui , Zhao Wenqing , Yi Chenxing , Zeng Zihao , Xie Siyan , Yang Yue , Sun Wei , Ji Xiaobo , Ge Peng
Published: April 2023

Coal-based materials were produced by pyrolyzing at 1000 °C. The use of ether-based electrolytes offered advantages, including low solvation enthalpy and viscosity, which resulting material demonstrated a high capacity of up to 325 mA h g−1.
Engineering polymorphs in colloidal metal dichalcogenides: precursor-mediated phase control, molecular insights into crystallisation kinetics and promising electrochemical activity
Authors: Kapuria Nilotpal , Patil Niraj Nitish , Sankaran Abinaya , Laffir Fathima , Geaney Hugh , Magner Edmond , Scanlon Micheal , Ryan Kevin M. , Singh Shalini
Published: April 2023

We present a solution-based crystal phase engineering approach for layered transition metal disulphide nanosheets by modulating the reactivity of the molecular precursors.
An ultra-sensitive uric acid second generation biosensor based on chemical immobilization of uricase on functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube grafted palm oil fiber in the presence of a ferrocene mediator
Authors: Deffo Gullit , Hazarika Ranjit , Deussi Ngaha Marcel Cédric , Basumatary Mwina , Kalita Shyamali , Hussain Nayab , Njanja Evangéline , Puzari Panchanan , Ngameni Emmanuel
Published: April 2023

UOx immobilized on Fc decorated FMWCNT-palm oil fiber cushion for development of second generation uric acid biosensor.
First example of ambipolar naphthalene diimide exhibiting a room temperature columnar phase
Authors: Behera Paresh Kumar , Yadav Kajal , Kumar Nandan , Gupta Ravindra Kumar , Rao D. S. Shankar , Pandey Upendra Kumar , Achalkumar Ammathnadu Sudhakar
Published: April 2023

Room temperature columnar LC organic semiconductor based on naphthalene diimide with low clearing temperature, solution processability, high molar extinction coefficient.
Photofragmentation specificity of photoionized cyclic amino acids (diketopiperazines) as precursors of peptide building blocks
Authors: Barreiro-Lage Darío , Chiarinelli Jacopo , Bolognesi Paola , Richter Robert , Zettergren Henning , Stockett Mark H. , Díaz-Tendero Sergio , Avaldi Lorenzo
Published: April 2023

The photoionisation and photofragmentation of the two cyclic dipetides cyclo(alanyl-glycine) cGA and cyclo(glycyl-glycine) cGG, have been studied combining experiments and simulations.
Selective Cu and Ni-MOFs as pre-catalysts for the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol
Authors: Moyo Pamela S. , Vatsha Banele , Mehlana Gift , Matsinha Leah C. , Makhubela Banothile C. E.
Published: April 2023

Synthesis, characterisation and evaluation of novel Ni and Cu-MOFs as pre-catalysts for the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol using ligand containing N,N′-bis-(4-pyridyl)isophthalamide linker.
Redox-switchable Pickering emulsion stabilized by hexaniobate-based ionic liquid for oxidation catalysis
Authors: Lu Wei , Dong Jing , Zhang Di , Lei Peng , Chi Yingnan , Hu Changwen
Published: April 2023

Hexaniobate-based ionic liquid ([C16MIM]Nb6) plays the roles of emulsifier, catalyst, and redox-responsive site, exhibiting remarkable desulfurization efficiency in an emulsion system.
Assembly of recyclable TiO2@AC/CTs through vdW-integrated strategy for photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic oxidation
Authors: Chen Hua-jun , Zhang Jian-zhou , Xi Xiao-jing , Tian Wen-jie
Published: April 2023

The recyclable vdW heterostructures are constructed from commercial P25 and CTs to address the difficulty of recycling powdery photocatalysts after usage.
Magnetic order and magnetic anisotropy in two-dimensional ilmenenes
Authors: Aguilera-del-Toro R. H. , Arruabarrena M. , Leonardo A. , Ayuela A.
Published: April 2023

Iron ilmenene is a new two-dimensional material that has recently been exfoliated from the naturally occurring iron titanate found in ilmenite ore, a material that is abundant on the earth's surface.
Cobalt metal–organic framework microcrystalline particles with strong electrocatalytic activity: amine controlled morphology and OER activity
Authors: Arunkumar Gunasekaran , Nantheeswaran Periyappan , Mariappan Mariappan , Kamlekar Ravi Kanth , Pannipara Mehboobali , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Anthony Savarimuthu Philip
Published: April 2023

Cobalt MOF microcrystalline particles showed an unusual amine-dependent morphology and an enhanced OER activity.
Prediction of 2D IV–V semiconductors: flexible monolayers with tunable band gaps and strong optical absorption as water-splitting photocatalysts
Authors: Liu Luqi , Kang Xuxin , Gao Shan , Duan Xiangmei
Published: April 2023

Strain modulates the band edge positions and light absorption of GeAs2, SnP2 and SnAs2 sheets, improving their photocatalytic performance.
Distinct ferrovalley characteristics of the Janus RuClX (X = F, Br) monolayer
Authors: Ma Yubiao , Wu Yanzhao , Tong Junwei , Deng Li , Yin Xiang , Zhou Lianqun , Han Xiaoli , Tian Fubo , Zhang Xianmin
Published: April 2023

Different ferrovalley characteristics were observed in the valence band and conduction band of RuClF and RuClBr monolayers, respectively.
Bright white electroluminescence from polycrystalline dysprosium-doped yttrium gallium garnet nanofilms fabricated by atomic layer deposition on silicon
Authors: Yu Zhimin , Ye Zejun , Yang Yang , Sun Jiaming
Published: April 2023

Bright white electroluminescence is obtained from dysprosium-doped polycrystalline Y3Ga5O12 garnet nanofilms fabricated by atomic layer deposition on silicon, with an external quantum efficiency of 6.35% and the power density reaching 18.13 mW cm−2.
Bilayer-domain formation of thermoresponsive amphiphilic block copolymers in hybrid liposomes for synthetic molecular channels
Authors: Ozawa Naoki , Kosaka Shunji , Fujii Shota , Nishimura Tomoki
Published: April 2023

Maltopentaose-b-PPO copolymer can be incorporated into phospholipid membranes and form bilayer-domains, where they act as synthetic molecular channels.
Recent advances in the cyclization reactions of pyridinium 1,n-zwitterions (n = 4 and 5): scope and mechanism
Authors: Huang Jiali , Zhang Lei , Meng Xiangtai
Published: April 2023

This review summarizes the recent advances in cyclization reactions involving pyridinium 1,n-zwitterions (n = 4 and 5) and highlights the applications of pyridinium 1,n-zwitterions (n = 4 and 5) in the efficient construction of heterocycles.
DFT study on stereoselective Rh-catalyzed intramolecular [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of allene–ene–ynes
Authors: Zhu Xin-Rui , Fang De-Cai
Published: April 2023

CAT catalyzes the reaction of 1a to generate intermediate INT2, which is a common intermediate to generate final products 2a and 3a.
Boron doping effect on the structural, spectral properties and charge transfer mechanism of orthorhombic tungsten bronze β-SrTa2O6:Eu3+ phosphor
Authors: İlhan Mustafa , Güleryüz Lütfiye Feray
Published: April 2023

In the study, the effect of boron doping on spectral properties and CTB mechanism was investigated by using Eu3+ doped orthorhombic β-SrTa2O6.
Exploring the potential of ZnO–Ag@AgBr/SBA-15 Z-scheme heterostructure for efficient wastewater treatment: synthesis, characterization, and real-world applications
Authors: Pham Giang T. T. , Vu Hoa T. , Pham Tham Thi , Thanh Nguyen Ngoc , Thuy Van Ngo , Tran Hung Quang , Doan Huan V. , Nguyen Manh B.
Published: April 2023

This study reports on the synthesis and characterization of ZnO–Ag@AgBr/SBA-15 composites using natural halloysite clay from Yenbai Province, Vietnam, as a silica aluminum source.
Directed evolution of Rhodotorula gracilisd-amino acid oxidase using single-cell hydrogel encapsulation and ultrahigh-throughput screening
Authors: Küng Christoph , Vanella Rosario , Nash Michael A.
Published: April 2023

A high-throughput screening platform uses peroxidase-mediated proximity labeling with fluorescent hydrogels. A yeast displayed enzyme variant library was screened using a reaction cascade. Enhancement of enzyme Km is observed for displayed enzymes.
Blue-emitting InP quantum dots participate in an efficient resonance energy transfer process in water
Authors: Roy Pradyut , Virmani Mishika , Pillai Pramod P.
Published: April 2023

Highly efficient pure-blue emitters based on environmentally friendly InP/ZnS quantum dots are developed for multicolour bioimaging and resonance energy transfer studies.
Bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) in a dual role: activation of primary amides and CO2towards catalyticN-methylation
Authors: Gautam Nimisha , Logdi Ratan , P. Sreejyothi , Roy Antara , Tiwari Ashwani K. , Mandal Swadhin K.
Published: April 2023

This work reports the first catalyticN-methylation of primary amides using CO2. BICAAC plays a dual role in activating the amide and CO2during catalysis.
Understanding supercapacitive performance of a N-doped vanadium carbide/carbon composite as an anode material in an all pseudocapacitive asymmetric cell
Authors: Rathore Hem Kanwar , Hariram Muruganandham , Ganesha Mukhesh K. , Singh Ashutosh K. , Das Debanjan , Kumar Manoj , Awasthi Kamlendra , Sarkar Debasish
Published: April 2023

An all pseudocapacitive 1.8 V aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor with a N-doped vanadium carbide/carbon composite anode and partially selenized vanadium oxide cathode.
Biaxially oriented films of grafted-polypropylene with giant energy density and high efficiency at 125 °C
Authors: Li Junluo , Wang Shaojie , Zhu Yujie , Luo Zhen , Zhang Ya-Ru , Shao Qing , Quan Hui , Wang Mingti , Hu Shixun , Yang Mingcong , Fu Jing , Wang Rui , Hu Jun , Yuan Hao , He Jinliang , Li Qi
Published: April 2023

A scalable high-temperature capacitor film based on grafted polypropylene is synthesized by a water-solid phase suspension grafting method, exhibiting a discharged energy density above 90% efficiency of 4.5 J cm−3 at 125 °C after biaxial stretching.
Unveiling the role of water in enhancing the performance of zinc-ion batteries using dimethyl sulfoxide electrolyte and the manganese dioxide cathode
Authors: Kao-ian Wathanyu , Sangsawang Jinnawat , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Suttipong Manaswee , Khampunbut Amornrat , Pattananuwat Prasit , Nguyen Mai Thanh , Yonezawa Tetsu , Kheawhom Soorathep
Published: April 2023

In dimethyl sulfoxide electrolytes, the existence of water can lead to changes occurring in the zinc-ionintercalated phase. A Zn-birnessite, when replaced by a super-hydrated Zn-buserite, enhanced solid-phase diffusion and surface kinetics.
Optimization of thermal exfoliation of graphitic carbon nitride for methylparaben photocatalytic degradation under simulated solar radiation
Authors: Plaza Jorge , Arencibia Amaya , López-Muñoz María José
Published: April 2023

A full factorial 32 design was used to optimize the exfoliation treatment of g-C3N4 to enhance its photocatalytic performance for methyl paraben degradation.
Fused polycyclic lactam-based π-conjugated polymers for efficient nonfullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Sato Narumi , Hwang Sunbin , Tsuchii Yuichi , Yasuda Takuma
Published: April 2023

Wide-bandgap π-conjugated polymers featuring bis-lactam units were prepared and used as the donor materials for non-fullerene organic solar cells.
High-χdiblock copolymers containing poly(vinylpyridine-N-oxide) segments
Authors: Angelopoulou Polyxeni P. , Kearney Logan T. , Keum Jong K. , Collins Liam , Kumar Rajeev , Sakellariou Georgios , Advincula Rigoberto C. , Mays Jimmy W. , Hong Kunlun
Published: April 2023

The facile oxidation of PS-b-P4VP and PS-b-P2VP leads to PS-b-P4VPNO and PS-b-P2VPNO copolymers with high block incompatibility (high-χBCPs). Well-ordered, thermally-stable sub-10 nm nanostructures are obtained.
Bottom-up synthesis of a pyramid-type (Pt/4nmCeO2)/SiO2 catalyst via a surface reduction strategy
Authors: Han Jianyu , Zhang Zhixin , Xu Zhuoran , He Lunhua , Shen Feiran , Wang Yehong , Liu Xuebin , Guo Meiling , Guan Zaihong , Wang Feng
Published: April 2023

A “support reduction strategy” is reported to construct spatially adjacent, highly dispersed Pt and CeO2 sites in the (Pt/4nmCeO2)/SiO2 pyramid-type catalyst. Pt species are selectively trapped in the surface reductive sites on 4 nm CeO2 nano-islands.
Functional injectable hydrogel with spatiotemporal sequential release for recruitment of endogenous stem cells and in situ cartilage regeneration
Authors: Dai Wenling , Liu Qingli , Li Shikui , Gao Yongli , Feng Cong , Guo Likun , Xiao Yumei , Lin Hai , Fan Yujiang , Zhang Xingdong
Published: April 2023

A cell-free hydrogel to spatiotemporally regulate the release of aptamer 19S and kartogenin was developed, which could recruit endogenous mesenchymal stem cells, promote their chondrogenic differentiation and further improve cartilage regeneration.
Water-induced dimensionality conversion from 3D perovskites to microwires and 2D hybrid halide perovskites
Authors: Freitas Andre L. M. , Souza Jose A.
Published: April 2023

Morphological and structural conversion from the 3D MAPbBr3microcube perovskite to microwires and 2D Ruddsdlen–Popper layered structures through a water-assisted recrystallization process.
Calculation of no‐load induced electromotive force of pole changing line‐start permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Tian Mengmeng , Karimi Hamid Reza , Li Yueyang , Wang Xiuhe , Zhao Wenliang
Published: April 2023

Pole changing line‐start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM) can significantly improve the starting capability of LSPMSM by decreasing the braking torque and pulsating torque during starting process. The fundamental reason for the elimination of braking torque is that there is no generating effect during minor‐pole starting process. That is to say, induced electromotive force (EMF) does not exist when the magnetic field generated by multi‐pole rotor PMs cut the minor‐pole stator winding. Therefore, the induced EMF of pole changing LSPMSM is analysed theoretically and calculated analytically. Considering that the magnetic flux per pole of the coils under the adjacent pole are different, the induced EMFs of a conductor, a full‐pitch coil, a coil group in minor‐pole stator winding are, respectively, calculated, and then the general analytical expression of the induced EMF of a phase winding with different rotor/stator pole ratio is derived. Then, the motors with different rotor/stator pole ratios are simulated based on finite element method to obtain the corresponding EMFs. Meanwhile, a 6/8 pole changing LSPMSM is taken as prototype. The consistency of the simulation, experiment, and the analytical calculation results effectively verify the validity of the derived general analytical expression and theoretical analysis.
Efficient dense attention fusion network with channel correlation loss for road damage detection
Authors: Liu Zihan , Jing Kaifeng , Yang Kai , Zhang ZhiJun , Li Xijie
Published: April 2023

Road damage detection (RDD) is critical to society's safety and the efficient allocation of resources. Most road damage detection methods which directly adopt various object detection models face some significant challenges due to the characteristics of the RDD task. First, the damaged objects in the road images are highly diverse in scales and difficult to differentiate, making it more challenging than other tasks. Second, existing methods neglect the relationship between the feature distribution and model structure, which makes it difficult for optimization. To address these challenges, this study proposes an efficient dense attention fusion network with channel correlation loss for road damage detection. First, the K‐Means++ algorithm is applied for data preprocessing to optimize the initial cluster centers and improve the model detection accuracy. Second, a dense attention fusion module is proposed to learn spatial‐spectral attention to enhance multi‐scale fusion features and improve the ability of the model to detect damage areas at different scales. Third, the channel correlation loss is adopted in the class prediction process to maintain the separability of intra and inter‐class. The experimental results on the collected RDDA dataset and RDD2022 dataset show that the proposed method achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance.
A Deep Learning‐to‐learning Based Control system for renewable microgrids
Authors: Mohammadi Hossein , Jokar Shiva , Mohammadi Mojtaba , Kavousi Fard Abdollah , Dabbaghjamanesh Morteza , Karimi Mazaher
Published: April 2023

In terms of microgrids (MGs) operation, optimal control and management are vital issues that must be addressed carefully. This paper proposes a practical framework for the optimal energy management and control of renewable MGs considering energy storage (ES) devices, wind turbines, and microturbines. Due to the non‐linearity and complexity of operation problems in MGs, it is vital to use an accurate and robust optimization technique to control the power flow of units efficiently. To this end, in the proposed framework, teacher learning‐based optimization (TLBO) is utilized to solve the power flow dispatch in the system efficiently. Moreover, a novel hybrid deep learning model based on principal component analysis (PCA), convolutional neural networks (CNN), and bidirectional long short‐term memory (BLSTM) is proposed to address the short‐term wind power forecasting problem. The feasibility and performance of the proposed framework and the effect of wind power forecasting on operation efficiency are examined using the IEEE 33‐bus test system. Also, the Australian Woolnorth wind site data is utilized as a real‐world dataset to evaluate the performance of the forecasting model. The results show that the proposed framework can be used to schedule MGs in the best way possible.
A study of football goal trajectories of trained players through a kinetic model
Authors: Zi Ming , Gao Dan
Published: April 2023

Training on shooting technique can effectively improve the score in football games. This paper constructed a kinetic model of the football during its flight based on the Newton's second law after analyzing the force during flying and proposed to solve the model with numerical simulation before drawing the simulation trajectories of a flying football. The results showed that the kinetic model effectively simulated the flight trajectory of the football. The further the distance of the shot was, the lower the average hit rate of the football was, and the more the football flight trajectory deviated from the reference trajectory; however, after the training assisted by the kinetic model, not only the average hit rate was improved, but also the average deviation of the flight trajectory was reduced.
Incidence of Intestinal Constipation During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period in Medical Students from a Private Institution in São Paulo, SP
Authors: Neto Isaac José Felippe Corrêa , Silva Alisson de Lucena , Tajiri Renato Cardoso de Melo , Theis Cláudia , Schelle Gabriela , Pinto Rodrigo Ambar , Nishiyama Victor Keniti Gomes , Robles Laercio
Published: April 2023

Introduction Chronic intestinal constipation (CIC) presents an incidence of 2.6 to 30.7% in the overall population and due to the social reality imposed by the coronavirus pandemic, some behavior changes in the Brazilian population occurred that might or not be associated with alterations of CIC prevalence.

Objective To assess CIC incidence in medical students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil in a private higher educational institution in the city of São Paulo, state of São Paulo.

Methods Clinic data were collected through Google Forms software from the same students seeking to analyze the variables before (year of 2019) and during the coronavirus pandemic. The data were: age, sex, body mass index, constipation referred in a subjective way and confirmed through the ROME III criteria, feces consistency and anxiety and/or depression during the pandemic.

Results A total of 126 medical students from a private higher education institution from São Paulo, SP were included. The average age was 22.9 years old, 70.6% were female and the average BMI was 23.3 kg/m2. Regarding the ROME III criteria, 32.5% presented > 2 in 2019 and 42.1% during the pandemic. Concerning the feces consistency, 31.75 and 35.71% presented dry Bristol 1 feces or in both periods, respectively.

Conclusion It was observed an increase in the prevalence of chronic intestinal constipation in medical students from a private higher education institution from São Paulo, state of São Paulo, during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as dryness in the feces.
Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract (LIFT) for the Treatment of Anal Fistula: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Hidalgo-Grau L.A. , Ruiz-Edo N. , Estrada-Ferrer O. , García-Torralbo E.M. , del Bas-Rubia M. , Clos-Ferrero P. , Bombuy-Giménez E.
Published: April 2023

Background The ligation of intersphincteric fistula fract (LIFT) technique avoids postoperative anal continence disturbances and preserves quality of life.

Methods A total of 70 patients with anal fistula (AF) were treated in the Day Surgery Unit. The LIFT technique was the primary treatment in 63 patients. The other had previously undergone placement of a loose seton (two-step approach). The mean follow-up was 66.8 months. Statistical analysis was performed using contingency tables, the chi-square test, and the Student T-test.

Results The use of LIFT was successful in 40 patients (57.1%). However, 6 patients (8.6%) presented persistence of postoperative intersphincteric fistula, being successfully treated by fistulotomy. There were no differences in this technique's success rate between high and low AF (p = 0.45). The success rate of one-step LIFT, however, was significantly higher (p = 0.03). No disturbances of continence were observed.

Conclusions The LIFT technique has a role in the treatment of AF, is suitable for ambulatory surgery, and has a low complications rate. A two-step approach is not always needed.
Short-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic-Assisted Colectomy versus Open Colectomy in Patients with Colonic Carcinoma: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Baz Yasser , Orban Yasser A. , Ezzat Mohammed M.
Published: April 2023

Introduction The second most common cause of cancer-related mortality is colorectal cancer, and laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (LAC) has gained popularity among surgeons as an alternative to the conventional approach, which is open colecrtomy (OC). The differences between LAC and OC in terms of short-term outcomes have not been well documented, and the aim of the present work is to compare the short-term outcomes of both procedures.

Materials and Methods The present prospective study comprised 164 participants submitted to LAC (n = 82) and OC (n = 82) at the Helwan and Zagazig University hospitals between January 2018 and January 2022. We collected and analyzed demographic data, surgical data, and the short-term outcomes.

Results The LAC group had a significantly lower estimated amount of blood loss, shorter hospital stay, lower rates of incisional surgical site infection, and fewer cases of burst abdomen postoperatively, but with a considerably longer operative time (30.3 minutes) than the OC group.

Conclusions Our findings show that LAC is favorable option to OC, with superior outcomes.
Prolonged Fasting as a Cause of Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report
Authors: Roberge Guillaume , Samson Carine , Le Gal Grégoire , Calabrino Anthony
Published: April 2023

Background Intermittent fasting is becoming more popular as health benefits are described in recent literature. Various forms of fasting exist, one of them involving a zero-calorie diet and drinking only water. However, the safety of water-only fasting is still not well established. We report a case of a man who developed a lower limb deep vein thrombosis at the end of a 2-week water-only fasting and characterized by an initial period of 5 days of no food and no water intake. We reviewed literature regarding potential links between fasting and venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Clinical Approach We believe that fasting can induce important dehydration, leading to hypercoagulability and then contribute to the development of a venous thrombosis. The patient was treated with apixaban for 3 months as is recommended in patients with a provoked event caused by a transient risk factor. No thrombotic recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion The public needs to be aware of the potential life-threatening complications associated with important dehydration in the setting of medically unsupervised fasting, and these might include VTE. Whether a VTE with dehydration as the only identified risk factor should be approached as a low recurrence risk situation or not still needs to be clarified.
International humanitarian law violations in northern Uganda: victims' health, policy, and programming implications
Authors: Marshak Anastasia , Atim Teddy , Mazurana Dyan
Published: April 2023

Experience of serious violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) results in complex physical disability and psychosocial trauma amplifying poverty and multi-generational trauma and impeding long-term recovery. We use data from a representative sample of victims in the case Prosecutor V. Dominic Ongwen brought before the International Criminal Court. Thirteen years after the 2004 massacre, the victims were significantly worse off than the general war-affected population that did not experience serious violations of IHL. The differences in health and wellbeing persisted for individuals and their households, including children born after the massacre. The victims have significantly lower availability of appropriate health services and medications, including significantly greater distance to travel to these services. These findings call attention to the needs of people having experienced IHL violations, for provision of physical and emotional trauma care to allow for recovery, and better understanding of the short- and long-term impacts of IHL violations.
Lime, phosphorus and stocking rate of an extensively managed permanent pasture affect feed-on-offer, sheep growth rate, carrying capacity and wool production
Authors: Norton Mark R. , Garden Denys L. , Rohan Maheswaran , Orchard Beverley A. , Armstrong Philip , Brassil Trent
Published: April 2023

Context Soil acidity constrains pasture productivity, limiting production from grazing animals. Lime application can ameliorate acidity, although the rate is increased when incorporated rather than surface applied. Soils in south-eastern Australia are generally highly erodible, containing valuable native grasses that might be lost if disturbed. Surface application is, therefore, the only option, but the extent to which lime can ameliorate acidity and increase pasture and animal production requires research. Aim This 10-year experiment studied three rates of surface-applied lime, two of superphosphate (P) and two stocking rates (SR) on continuously grazed sheep on acidic soils. Two flocks were studied, one from May 1999 to December 2002, and the second from August 2005 to July 2008. We hypothesised that wool production and animal liveweight would increase as (1) lime rate increased, (2) P rate increased, and (3) peak animal productivity would occur under the combination of the highest rates of lime and P. Key results The experiment coincided with the Millennium Drought reducing forage production, and slowing lime movement into the soil and consequent amelioration. During Flock 1, effective SR (dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha) of the low P, low SR and limed treatment became higher by 1 DSE/ha for 10 months during the final flock measurement months, as drought intensified. During Flock 2, effective SR of both high P, high SR and limed treatments were greater by 2 DSE/ha than non-limed counterpart for the first 9 months of 2006. Trends of higher animal production under lime became clearer with time, so were more apparent in Flock 2 than Flock 1, and at higher SR. High lime, high P and high SR had the greatest wool production. High P, low SR and nil lime was initially highly productive, but declined sharply when legumes disappeared, associated with soil aluminium toxicity. Lime maintained superior ground cover under drought, reducing the danger of sward death and soil erosion, demonstrating its sward preservation, sustainability and ecosystem service benefits. Implications With the ever-increasing price of land, farmers must increase their land’s productivity. This trial demonstrated production and environmental benefits associated with acid soil amelioration through lime application.
More than dog walking: Pets as physical activity and social connection facilitators in the lives of retirement village residents
Authors: Kaivalya Mila L. , Crozier Alyson J. , Nottle Carmel , Young Janette
Published: April 2023

Objectives: This mixed-methods study examined the relationship between pet ownership status and social connectedness, physical activity engagement, and the quality of life of older adults living in retirement villages.

Methods: A survey was distributed to older adults (N = 58) living in retirement villages in South Australia. Those who expressed interest (N = 16) took part in an additional diary study, whereby they reported their social and physical activities over the course of a week.

Results: Physical activity, social connectedness, and quality of life did not differ significantly based on pet ownership status. Social connectedness was positively related to the quality of life regardless of pet ownership status. Many pet owners described how their pets were integral to their lives.

Discussion: The notion of pet presence offers a promising pathway for future research. The strategies and policies that support pet ownership in retired villages require further investigation.
Oligodendroglia-to-neuron material transfer lights up the mouse CNS
Authors: Pluchino Stefano , Prasad Pranathi
Published: April 2023

Intercellular material transfer in the central nervous system (CNS) supports neuronal survival and activity. Mayrhofer et al. (2023. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20221632) characterize extensive regionally coordinated transfer of oligodendroglial ribosomal and nuclear material toward neurons, linked to satellite oligodendrocyte–neuron pairs in the mouse CNS.
Ultra-fine SnO2 nanocrystals anchored on reduced graphene oxide as a high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Haoyue , Jia Xiaotong , Huang Bin , Yang Jianwen , Li Yanwei , Zhong Shengkui
Published: April 2023

SnO2 has attracted extensive research attentions as a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity. However, its application is largely hindered by sluggish sodium ion diffusion and drastic volume change during the conversion reaction and alloying process. Herein, ultra-fine SnO2 nanocrystals (3–5 nm) anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is demonstrated as a promising anode material for SIBs. Ultra-fine SnO2 nanocrystals are uniformly grown on rGO sheets by a facile one-step hydrothermal process. Nano-scaled SnO2 grains tolerate volume expansion and provide shortened diffusion pathway for sodium ions, and meanwhile rGO acts as an excellent conductive matrix, thus endowing the composite electrode with excellent electrochemical performance. More importantly, the ratio of SnO2 to rGO in the composite is optimized. The optimized sample delivers an initial charge capacity of 518 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1, and 504 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Furthermore, a capacity of 287 mAh g−1 can be maintained after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1000 mA g−1.
Transferring 2D TMDs through water-soluble sodium salt catalytic layer
Authors: Lyu Zhiyi , Qian Yongteng , Kang Dae Joon
Published: April 2023

This study reports a clean and damage-free transfer method that enables the ultrafast transfer of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) onto desired substrates with a remarkably high yield. We employ a water-soluble sodium salt as both a transfer sacrificial layer for facile transfer and a catalytic layer for the growth of high-quality large-area MoS2 using liquid-phase chemical vapor deposition via a catalyzed kinetic growth. We show that the pristine structural and electrical properties of the grown MoS2 can be reliably preserved by avoiding detrimental effects during the prolonged harsh-environment transfer process. We demonstrate the technological versatility of the proposed transfer method by fabricating as-transferred MoS2-based back-gated field-effect transistors (FETs). The MoS2 FETs exhibit excellent charge mobility as high as 28.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on–off ratio up to ∼107 at room temperature, indicating no performance degradation after the transfer process. The proposed transfer method offers universal applicability for various 2D TMDs, mechanical supporting polymers, and target substrates, thus facilitating the facile fabrication of 2D TMD-based electronics and optoelectronics.