bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A checklist of Chinese crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidea)
Authors: HE ZHU-QING
Published: January 2018

A checklist of Chinese crickets, including Taiwan, is offered. Presently 331 species or subspecies have been reported including true crickets, scale crickets, ant crickets and mole crickets belonging to 6 families, 16 subfamilies and 83 genera. Modicogryllus (Modicogryllus) maculatus (Shiraki, 1930) is moved to Comidoblemmus as C. maculatus (Shiraki, 1930) comb. nov. Velarifictorus (Velarifictorus) koshunensis (Shiraki, 1911) is moved to Turanogryllus as T. koshunensis (Shiraki, 1911) comb. nov. Qingryllus Chen & Zheng, 1995 syn. is the junior synonym of Goniogryllus Chopard, 1936. Loxoblemmus angulatus Bey-Bienko, 1956 syn. is the junior synonym of Loxoblemmus appendicularis Shiraki, 1930. Cophogryllus kuhlgatzi Karny, 1908 syn. is the junior synonym of Teleogryllus (Brachyteleogryllus) occipitalis occipitalis (Serville, 1838). Velarifictorus (Velarifictorus) aspersus borealis Gorochov, 1985 syn. is the junior synonym of Velarifictorus (Velarifictorus) aspersus aspersus (Walker, 1869). Modicogryllus (Modicogryllus) latefasciatus (Chopard, 1933) syn. is the junior synonym of Velarifictorus (Velarifictorus) micado (Saussure, 1877). Velarifictorus (Velarifictorus) ornatus caudatus (Shiraki, 1930) syn. is the junior synonym of Velarifictorus (Velarifictorus) ornatus ornatus (Shiraki, 1911). Dianemobius nigrofasciatus (Matsumura, 1904) syn. is the junior synonym of Dianemobius fascipes (Walker, 1869). Polionemobius mikado (Shiraki, 1911) syn. is the junior synonym of Polionemobius taprobanensis (Walker, 1869). Vietacheta picea Gorochov, 1992, Oecanthus euryelytra Ichikawa, 2001, Oecanthus similator Ichikawa, 2001, Xabea levissima Gorochov, 1992, Pteronemobius (Pteronemobius) yezoensis (Shiraki, 1911), Metioche (Metioche) japonica (Ichikawa, 2001), Natula matsuurai Sugimoto, 2001 are the first records from China.
A new genus and new species of alpheid shrimp from a marine cave in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with additional record of Salmoneus antricola Komai, Yamada & Yunokawa, 2015 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea)
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , FUJITA YOSHIHISA
Published: January 2018

Two species of alpheid shrimp collected from a marine cave off Ie Island, Okinawa Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, are reported. Caligoneus cavernicola n. gen., n. sp., is described on the basis of six specimens, including two ovigerous individuals. The new monotypic genus shares a number of features with Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 and Triacanthoneus Anker, 2010; however, the dorsally elevated rostrum and the symmetrical pereopods 1 (= chelipeds) of “minor form” distinguish Caligoneus n. gen. from the latter two genera. Other potentially diagnostic characters between the new genus and the latter two genera are also discussed. The new taxon is clearly adapted to stygobiotic environments, with its reduced cornea and very slender elongate pereopods. In addition, two complete specimens of Salmoneus antricola Komai, Yamada & Yunokawa, 2015, collected in the same cave, supplement the original description of the species, which was based on a unique holotype with a damaged telson.
Revising Return Periods for Record Events in a Climate Event Attribution Context
Authors: Naveau Philippe , Ribes Aurélien , Zwiers Francis , Hannart Alexis , Tuel Alexandre , Yiou Pascal
Published: January 2018

Both climate and statistical models play an essential role in the process of demonstrating that the distribution of some atmospheric variable has changed over time and in establishing the most likely causes for the detected change. One statistical difficulty in the research field of detection and attribution resides in defining events that can be easily compared and accurately inferred from reasonable sample sizes. As many impacts studies focus on extreme events, the inference of small probabilities and the computation of their associated uncertainties quickly become challenging. In the particular context of event attribution, the authors address the question of how to compare records between the counterfactual “world as it might have been” without anthropogenic forcings and the factual “world that is.” Records are often the most important events in terms of impact and get much media attention. The authors will show how to efficiently estimate the ratio of two small probabilities of records. The inferential gain is particularly substantial when a simple hypothesis-testing procedure is implemented. The theoretical justification of such a proposed scheme can be found in extreme value theory. To illustrate this study’s approach, classical indicators in event attribution studies, like the risk ratio or the fraction of attributable risk, are modified and tailored to handle records. The authors illustrate the advantages of their method through theoretical results, simulation studies, temperature records in Paris, and outputs from a numerical climate model.
Multiscale Variability in North American Summer Maximum Temperatures and Modulations from the North Atlantic Simulated by an AGCM
Authors: Vigaud Nicolas , Ting M. , Lee D.-E. , Barnston A. G. , Kushnir Y.
Published: January 2018

Six recurrent thermal regimes are identified over continental North America from June to September through a k-means clustering applied to daily maximum temperature simulated by ECHAM5 forced by historical SSTs for 1930–2013 and validated using NCEP–DOE AMIP-II reanalysis over the 1980–2009 period. Four regimes are related to a synoptic wave pattern propagating eastward in the midlatitudes with embedded ridging anomalies that translate into maximum warming transiting along. Two other regimes, associated with broad continental warming and above average temperatures in the northeastern United States, respectively, are characterized by ridging anomalies over North America, Europe, and Asia that suggest correlated heat wave occurrences in these regions. Their frequencies are mainly related to both La Niña and warm conditions in the North Atlantic. Removing all variability beyond the seasonal cycle in the North Atlantic in ECHAM5 leads to a significant drop in the occurrences of the regime associated with warming in the northeastern United States. Superimposing positive (negative) anomalies mimicking the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) in the North Atlantic translates into more (less) warming over the United States across all regimes, and does alter regime frequencies but less significantly. Regime frequency changes are thus primarily controlled by Atlantic SST variability on all time scales beyond the seasonal cycle, rather than mean SST changes, whereas the intensity of temperature anomalies is impacted by AMV SST forcing, because of upper-tropospheric warming and enhanced stability suppressing rising motion during the positive phase of the AMV.
Roman Period Mummy Masks from Deir El-Bahri
Authors: Riggs Christina
Published: January 2018

A study of a group of linen and plaster mummy masks from Deir el-Bahri, dating to the third century AD, with an Appendix listing 26 known examples. The first publication of a female mask in Dublin, National Museum of Ireland 1901:79, introduces a discussion of the group's iconographic and stylistic characteristics. This is followed by a presentation of archaeological evidence gleaned from excavations carried out at the site by the Egypt Exploration Fund in the 1890s and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the 1920s.
TGF-β1 is an Autocrine Mediator of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Growth and Collagen IV Production
Authors: Grande Joseph P. , Warner Gina M. , Walker Henry J. , Yusufi Ahad N. K. , Cheng Jingfei , Gray Catherine E. , Kopp Jeffrey B. , Nath Karl A.
Published: January 2018

Recent studies in cultured cells have provided evidence that a variety of pathobiologic stimuli, including high glucose, angiotensin II, and thromboxane A2, trigger a signaling pathway leading to autocrine induction of TGF-β1. TGF-β1 production through this pathway may profoundly affect cell growth, matrix synthesis, and response to injury. This study examines the role of autocrine versus exogenously added TGF-β1 in cellular proliferation and collagen IV production, critical targets of TGF-β1 signaling, using renal cells derived from TGF-β1 knockout (KO) animals or wild-type (WT) controls. Growth of WT and KO cells was assessed by cell counting and [3H]thymidine uptake. Basal and TGF-β1-stimulated collagen production was assessed by Northern and Western blotting; transcriptional activity of the α1(IV) collagen gene was assessed by transient transfection analysis. KO cells grew at a faster rate than WT cells carefully matched for plating density and passage number. This increased growth rate was paralleled by increases in [3H]thymidine uptake. KO cells expressed lower levels of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27 than WT cells. KO cells failed to express TGF-β1, as expected. Basal TGF-β3 mRNA levels were higher in KO cells than in WT cells. WT cells expressed higher basal levels of TGF-β2 mRNA than KO cells. Basal α1(IV) and α2(IV) collagen mRNA and protein expression were significantly lower in KO cells than WT cells. Administration of exogenous TGF-β1 induced collagen IV production in both KO and WT cells. Although basal transcriptional activity of an α1(IV) collagen-CAT construct was lower in KO cells than WT cells, administration of exogenous TGF-β1 was associated with significant increases in transcriptional activity of this construct in both KO and WT cells. These studies provide evidence that autocrine production of TGF-β1 may play a critical role in regulation of growth and basal collagen IV production by renal tubular epithelial cells.
Transplacental Carbohydrate and Sugar Alcohol Concentrations and Their Uptakes in Ovine Pregnancy
Authors: Teng Cecilia C. , Tjoa Susan , Fennessey Paul V. , Wilkening Randall B. , Battaglia Frederick C.
Published: January 2018

The concentrations of glucose, fructose, sorbitol, glycerol, and myo-inositol in sheep blood and tissues have been reported previously (1–5). However, the other polyols that are at low concentrations have not been investigated in pregnant sheep due to technical difficulties. By using HPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, seven polyols (myo-inositol, glycerol, erythritol, arabitol, sorbitol, ribitol, and mannitol) and three hexoses (mannose, glucose, and fructose) were identified and quantified in four blood vessels supplying and draining the placenta (maternal artery, uterine vein, fetal artery, and umbilical vein). Uterine and umbilical blood flows were measured, and uptakes of all the polyols and hexoses in both maternal and fetal circulations were calculated. There was a significant net placental release of sorbitol to both maternal and fetal circulations. Fructose was also taken up significantly by the uterine circulation. Maternal plasma mannose concentrations were higher than fetal concentrations, and there was a net umbilical uptake of mannose, characteristics that are similar to those of glucose. Myo-inositol and erythritol had relatively high concentrations in fetal plasma (697.8 ± 53 μM and 463.8 ± 27 μM, respectively). The ratios of fetal/maternal plasma arterial concentrations were very high for most polyols. The concentrations of myo-inositol, glycerol, and sorbitol were also high in sheep placental tissue (2489 ± 125 μM/kg wet tissue, 2119 ± 193 μM/kg wet tissue, and 3910 ± 369 μM/kg wet tissue), an indication that these polyols could be made within the placenta.
Decreased Expression of α2,8 Sialyltransferase and Increased Expression of β1,4 N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Koh Yasuhiro , Tsunoda Takuya , Iwahashi Makoto , Yamaue Hiroki , Ishimoto Kiwao , Tanimura Hiroshi , Fukumoto Hisao , Nakamura Takashi , Tatsumi Yasuaki , Shimizu Mikiko , Saijo Nagahiro , Nishio Kazuto
Published: January 2018

Gangliosides such as GD3, GM2, and GD2 are abundantly expressed on the cell surfaces of various malignant cells, suggesting the potential for anti-ganglioside antibody therapy for tumors. Anti-ganglioside GD2 antibody treatment is currently undergoing clinical trials for melanoma and neuroblastoma. We previously reported high in vivo antitumor effects of anti-GM2 ganglioside antibody against lung cancer. To determine whether anti-GM2 antibody may be clinically indicated for gastrointestinal cancers, we evaluated the mRNA expression of α2,8 sialyltransferase, a GD3 synthase, and β1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (β1,4 GalNAc-T), a GM2/GD2 synthase, in gastrointestinal cancers. We performed modified semi-quantitative RT-PCR, which reduces complexity incidental to radiolabeling on samples taken from small surgically removed clinical specimens. Stomach (19/22) and colorectal (21/30) cancers showed decreased expression of α2,8 sialyltransferase as compared with respective normal tissues (P < 0.05). In contrast, increased expression of β1,4 GalNAc-T was detected in both types of tumors. Clinicopathological analysis revealed significantly higher expression level of α2,8 sialyltransferase in the poorly differentiated than in the well-differentiated stomach cancer group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression level of α2,8 sialyltransferase was significantly decreased in male as compared with female colorectal cancer patients (P < 0.05). These results suggest that expression level of GM2 ganglioside is elevated in gastrointestinal cancer, and that anti-GM2 antibody may be applicable to its treatment.
Melatonin Fails to Modulate Immune Parameters Influenced by Calorie Restriction in Aging Fischer 344 Rats
Authors: Pahlavani Mohammad A. , Vargas Daniel A. , Evans Ted R. , Shu Jian-hua , Nelson James F.
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to determine if long-term treatment with melatonin (MEL), a purported anti-aging agent, was as effective as calorie restriction (CR) in modulating immune parameters in aging Fischer 344 male rats. Splenic lymphocytes were isolated from 17-month-old rats that, beginning at 6 weeks of age, were treated with MEL (4 or 16 μg/ml in drinking water) and from 17-month-old rats fed ad libitum (AL) or rats fed a CR diet (55% of AL intake). The number of splenic T cell populations and T cell subsets was measured by flow cytometry, the proliferative response of splenocytes to Concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, and the induction of cytokine production (IL-2 and IFN-γ) was measured by ELISA assay. In addition, the level of the natural killer (NK) cell activity was assessed by fluorimetric assay. CR rats had a higher number of lymphocytes expressing the naïve T cell marker (CD3 OX22) than AL rats (P < 0.05). CR rats also showed greater induction of proliferative response, IL-2 and IFN-γ levels following Con A simulation, and NK cell activity than AL rats (P < 0.05). MEL-treated rats did not differ from AL rats in any of these parameters or in any other measurement. These results indicate that MEL treatment is unable to modulate immune function in a manner comparable with that of CR.
Genomic insights into Mycobacterium simiae human colonization
Authors: Steffani-Vallejo José L. , Brunck Marion E. , Acosta-Cruz Erika Y. , Montiel Rafael , Barona-Gómez Francisco
Published: January 2018

Mycobacterium simiae (Karassova V, Weissfeiler J, Kraszanay E, Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung 12:275-82, 1965) is a slow-growing nontuberculous Mycobacterium species found in environmental niches, and recently evidenced as an opportunistic Human pathogen. We report here the genome of a clinical isolate of M. simiae (MsiGto) obtained from a patient in Guanajuato, Mexico. With a size of 6,684,413 bp, the genomic sequence of strain MsiGto is the largest of the three M. simiae genomes reported to date. Gene prediction revealed 6409 CDSs in total, including 6354 protein-coding genes and 52 RNA genes. Comparative genomic analysis identified shared features between strain MsiGto and the other two reported M. simiae genomes, as well as unique genes. Our data reveals that M. simiae MsiGto harbors virulence-related genes, such as arcD, ESAT-6, and those belonging to the antigen 85 complex and mce clusters, which may explain its successful transition to the human host. We expect the genome information of strain MsiGto will provide a better understanding of infective mechanisms and virulence of this emergent pathogen.
Effects of assessment units on the hospitalization of pregnant women
Authors: Kenyon Sara
Published: January 2018

One of the most common causes of antenatal hospital admission is hypertension in pregnancy. This article considers whether it is appropriate, safe and cost-effective to manage this condition in a day care unit and discusses the midwife's role in antenatal assessment in this unit.
Midwives, childbirth and sexuality:
Authors: O'Driscoll Muriel
Published: January 2018

Many couples experience difficulties with their relationship following childbirth, although only a very small proportion seek help. Midwives who are adequately prepared in their role can give advice, support, information and encouragement on sexual matters to couples, to diminish these difficulties. Part 2 of this article, which will appear next month, will focus on men and sex.
Choosing the right person for the Chair in Midwifery Studies
Authors: Whittle Midge
Published: January 2018

The first editorial of this journal, under 12 months ago, celebrated the fact that opportunities were being created to re-think and re-establish the midwife's role and to enable a new beginning. The creation of a Chair in Midwifery Studies at the University of Leeds could be viewed as a positive step in this direction.
Learning about behavioural emergencies: an evaluation of paramedic textbooks
Authors: Donnelly Elizabeth A. , Cameron Aman Ahluwalia , Bucciachio Peter , Tong Justin
Published: January 2018

Background:

Individuals with behavioural emergencies (mental health or substance-use crises) are being seen more frequently in emergency departments. Therefore, emergency medical service (EMS) providers are increasingly being called upon to respond to such cases. However, research in paramedic education on this topic is limited.

Problem:

Very little is known about the quality of EMS provider training in this field. While the National EMS Education Standards Instructional Guidelines (NEMSES-IG) outlines a curriculum, no research has examined the textbooks commonly used to cover this.

Research question:

To what extent do paramedic textbooks include content outlined by the United States (US) NEMSES-IG on the management of behavioural emergencies?

Methods:

The current study surveyed the textbooks for 305 accredited paramedic training programmes in the US, identifying the 5 most common texts. The textbooks' content was compared by two trained coders against the NEMSES-IG.

Results:

Findings revealed that the textbooks did not fully cover the components of the NEMSES-IG. Of the five textbooks, chapters on behavioural emergencies varied from covering between 55% and 74% of the educational standards.

Conclusions:

This study reveals that many of the textbooks are lacking in the area of behavioural emergency management. It highlights the need to improve paramedic education with a greater focus on evidence-based management practices.
Causes of the Bay of Pigs invasion’s failure
Authors: Laykó Dániel
Published: January 2018

While the failure of the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion is generally attributed to the errors of the Central Intelligence Agency, the analysis of the operation suggests that the decisions of President Kennedy and his Cabinet were also responsible for the defeat. The aim of the paper is to present a detailed picture of the causes of the mission’s breakdown through the study of various reports and other documents, exploring the errors during both the preparatory phase and the invasion proper, and to argue that even though the Central Intelligence Agency was culpable for the substandard recruitment, selection, and training of the Cuban Expeditionary Force, the invasion was more severely hindered by the Cabinet’s hesitant decision-making process and political restrictions, most notably the cancelation of the D-Day air strikes, which ultimately led to the defeat of the operation.
Settler Colonialism and the Second Amendment
Authors: Dunbar-Ortiz Roxanne
Published: January 2018

The United States was founded as an empire on conquered land, and firearms manufacturing was one of the country's first successful modern industries. Gun proliferation and gun violence today are among its legacies.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Differentiation and Characterization of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses by Cryo-electron Tomography and Correlative Microscopy
Authors: Tao Chang-Lu , Liu Yun-Tao , Sun Rong , Zhang Bin , Qi Lei , Shivakoti Sakar , Tian Chong-Li , Zhang Peijun , Lau Pak-Ming , Zhou Z. Hong , Bi Guo-Qiang
Published: January 2018

As key functional units in neural circuits, different types of neuronal synapses play distinct roles in brain information processing, learning, and memory. Synaptic abnormalities are believed to underlie various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, by combining cryo-electron tomography and cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy, we distinguished intact excitatory and inhibitory synapses of cultured hippocampal neurons, and visualized thein situ3D organization of synaptic organelles and macromolecules in their native state. Quantitative analyses of >100 synaptic tomograms reveal that excitatory synapses contain a mesh-like postsynaptic density (PSD) with thickness ranging from 20 to 50 nm. In contrast, the PSD in inhibitory synapses assumes a thin sheet-like structure ∼12 nm from the postsynaptic membrane. On the presynaptic side, spherical synaptic vesicles (SVs) of 25–60 nm diameter and discus-shaped ellipsoidal SVs of various sizes coexist in both synaptic types, with more ellipsoidal ones in inhibitory synapses. High-resolution tomograms obtained using a Volta phase plate and electron filtering and counting reveal glutamate receptor-like and GABAAreceptor-like structures that interact with putative scaffolding and adhesion molecules, reflecting details of receptor anchoring and PSD organization. These results provide an updated view of the ultrastructure of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, and demonstrate the potential of our approach to gain insight into the organizational principles of cellular architecture underlying distinct synaptic functions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo understand functional properties of neuronal synapses, it is desirable to analyze their structure at molecular resolution. We have developed an integrative approach combining cryo-electron tomography and correlative fluorescence microscopy to visualize 3D ultrastructural features of intact excitatory and inhibitory synapses in their native state. Our approach shows that inhibitory synapses contain uniform thin sheet-like postsynaptic densities (PSDs), while excitatory synapses contain previously known mesh-like PSDs. We discovered “discus-shaped” ellipsoidal synaptic vesicles, and their distributions along with regular spherical vesicles in synaptic types are characterized. High-resolution tomograms further allowed identification of putative neurotransmitter receptors and their heterogeneous interaction with synaptic scaffolding proteins. The specificity and resolution of our approach enables precisein situanalysis of ultrastructural organization underlying distinct synaptic functions.
Neural Integration of Stimulus History Underlies Prediction for Naturalistically Evolving Sequences
Authors: Maniscalco Brian , Lee Jennifer L. , Abry Patrice , Lin Amy , Holroyd Tom , He Biyu J.
Published: January 2018

Forming valid predictions about the environment is crucial to survival. However, whether humans are able to form valid predictions about natural stimuli based on their temporal statistical regularities remains unknown. Here, we presented subjects with tone sequences with pitch fluctuations that, over time, capture long-range temporal dependence structures prevalent in natural stimuli. We found that subjects were able to exploit such naturalistic statistical regularities to make valid predictions about upcoming items in a sequence. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings revealed that slow, arrhythmic cortical dynamics tracked the evolving pitch sequence over time such that neural activity at a given moment was influenced by the pitch of up to seven previous tones. Importantly, such history integration contained in neural activity predicted the expected pitch of the upcoming tone, providing a concrete computational mechanism for prediction. These results establish humans' ability to make valid predictions based on temporal regularities inherent in naturalistic stimuli and further reveal the neural mechanisms underlying such predictive computation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA fundamental question in neuroscience is how the brain predicts upcoming events in the environment. To date, this question has primarily been addressed in experiments using relatively simple stimulus sequences. Here, we studied predictive processing in the human brain using auditory tone sequences that exhibit temporal statistical regularities similar to those found in natural stimuli. We observed that humans are able to form valid predictions based on such complex temporal statistical regularities. We further show that neural response to a given tone in the sequence reflects integration over the preceding tone sequence and that this history dependence forms the foundation for prediction. These findings deepen our understanding of how humans form predictions in an ecologically valid environment.
Preservation of renal function by intensive glycemic control
Authors: Toriu Naoya , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Hiramatsu Rikako , Hayami Noriko , Hoshino Junichi , Sekine Akinari , Kawada Masahiro , Hasegawa Eiko , Suwabe Tatsuya , Sumida Keiichi , Ueno Toshiharu , Sawa Naoki , Ohashi Kenichi , Fujii Takeshi , Takaichi Kenmei , Yanagita Motoko , Kobayasi Tetsuro , Ubara Yoshifumi
Published: January 2018

We report the case of a 67-year-old Japanese woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At 47 years of age, her hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 10.0%, and she had overt nephropathy. The first renal biopsy yielded a diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Intensive glycemic control was initiated and her HbA1c improved to 6.0%. Renal dysfunction showed no progression for 15 years. At 62 years of age, a second renal biopsy was performed. Glomerular lesions did not show progression but tubulointerstitial fibrosis and vascular lesions showed progression compared with the first biopsy. Intensive glycemic control can prevent the progression of glomerular lesions, but might not be effective for interstitial and vascular lesions.

Learning points:

Intensive control of blood glucose can prevent the progression of glomerular lesions.

Intensive control of blood glucose may not be able to prevent progression of interstitial and vascular lesions.

CSII reduces HbA1c without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.
Hypocalcemia due to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome diagnosed in adulthood
Authors: Cabrer Maria , Serra Guillermo , Gogorza María Soledad , Pereg Vicente
Published: January 2018

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a genetic syndrome that may present with hypocalcemia due to primary hypoparathyroidism (PH) at any age. We report a new diagnosis of 22q11.2DS in a 57-year-old man who presented with symptomatic hypocalcemia. It is important to consider genetic causes of hypocalcemia due to PH regardless of age.

Learning points:

It is important to discard genetic cause of primary hypoparathyroidism in a patient without autoimmune disease or prior neck surgery.

A new diagnosis of a hereditary disease has familial implications and needs genetic counselling.

It is also important to discard other syndrome’s comorbidities.
Uwagi o imigracji w kontekście zadań polskiej polityki społecznej
Authors: Mazur Jan
Published: January 2018

Tekst jest częścią szerszego dyskursu, który obejmuje temat: Imigracja do Polski – społeczne, ekonomiczne i prawne implikacje dla polityki społecznej i pracy socjalnej. Zagadnienie to stało się przedmiotem zainteresowań uczestników III Tygodnia Pracy Socjalnej w Krakowie zorganizowanego przez Instytut Pracy Socjalnej Uniwersytetu Jana Pawła II 6 kwietnia 2017 roku. Wobec polityki społecznej i pracy socjalnej (postrzeganej głównie jako instrument polityki społecznej) stają niemałe wyzwania. Polska polityka społeczna ma niewielkie szanse na poradzenie sobie z problemami imigracji, skoro nie radzi sobie z problemami emigracji. Albowiem emigracja zarobkowa Polaków, spowodowana masowym bezrobociem, stała się kwestią społeczną, którą można by określić jako kwestię emigracyjną. Bezrobocie uwarunkowane jest głównie trzema czynnikami: brakiem pracy, niskimi zarobkami i wyzyskiem na rynku pracy. Polska polityka społeczna wciąż nie potrafi tych czynników przezwyciężyć czy nawet istotnie osłabić. Masowa imigracja spowoduje konieczność integracji uchodźców oraz imigrantów. Jednak ich integracja może nastąpić jedynie przy zapewnieniu im pracy zarobkowej. W Polsce przy braku pracy nie jest możliwa prawdziwa integracja. W tym kontekście ważny jest apel papieża Franciszka, kierowany do poszczególnych krajów europejskich, by przyjmowały tylko taką liczbę uchodźców czy imigrantów, którym są w stanie zapewnić integrację z własnym społeczeństwem.
Realizacja fundamentalnych cnót moralnych gwarancją skutecznej pracy socjalnej
Authors: Kluz Marek
Published: January 2018

Praktyka pracy socjalnej wskazuje dziś na ogromną rolę cnót moralnych w spełnianiu zadań życiowych. Dlatego celem niniejszej publikacji będzie ukazanie z perspektywy etycznej fundamentalnych cnót, które są imperatywem owocnej i skutecznej pracy socjalnej. Do najważniejszych cnót moralnych należy zaliczyć: poszanowanie godności człowieka, odpowiedzialność, miłość bliźniego, miłosierdzie, sprawiedliwość, uczciwość, prawdomówność i sumienność. Wśród innych również znaczących cnót moralnych można wymienić: lojalność, szacunek, życzliwość, mądre rozsądzanie, wielkoduszność i solidarność. Wszystkie te cnoty, które stoją u podstaw skutecznej pracy socjalnej, będą przedmiotem niniejszych rozważań.
„PR­‑owski znaczy pozytywny?”: postrzeganie public relations przez studentów dziennikarstwa
Authors: Przybysz Łukasz
Published: January 2018

Artykuł prezentuje analizę badania postrzegania public relations przez studentów dziennikarstwa. Badanie przeprowadzono na grupie składającej się ze studentów Instytutu Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Celem badania było poznanie wiedzy studentów dziennikarstwa o public relations, zidentyfikowanie umiejętności dostrzegania i postrzegania powiązań między PR a dziennikarstwem oraz zebranie opinii przyszłych dziennikarzy o public relations. Wnioski z przeprowadzonych badań wskazują nie tylko stosunek przyszłych dziennikarzy i medioznawców do branży public relations, ale dają także podstawę do dyskusji nad stanem public relations i dziennikarstwa w Polsce oraz rodzimej edukacji medioznawczej. Badania są kontynuacją prowadzonego przez autora projektu badawczego dotyczącego profesjonalizmu i etyki oraz edukacji public relations.
Boosting disaster resilience through advance public–private–people partnerships
Authors: Kumaraswamy Mohan , Wong Kelwin K W , Zhang Junqi
Published: January 2018

The fast-tracked and multipronged management strategies needed to deal with disasters demand innovative and robust procurement strategies as well as powerful delivery mechanisms. This paper argues that the core management frameworks for disasters should be formulated in advance rather than after the event, when rushed decisions could lead to inappropriate or suboptimal management strategies. Management frameworks, templates and toolkits planned before the event should enable rapid deployment and ensure continuing benefits well beyond the disaster. This paper brings together relevant findings from three streams of research to address growing imperatives for enhanced resilience in the face of increasing natural and human-induced disasters. This includes research-based evidence showing how private finance and expertise can be synergised along with social capital through ‘public–private–people partnership’ framework arrangements set up in advance to identify and mitigate potential disaster risks, focusing on public infrastructure. ‘People’ can then be engaged in advance, rather than in an unstructured way after the event, as indicated in a case study from China. They should include carefully selected representatives of appropriate non-government organisations, community groups, service clubs, academia, professional bodies, trade associations and media.
Serviceability state deformation behaviour of two-tiered geosynthetic reinforced soil walls
Authors: Yoo C.
Published: January 2018

This paper presents the results of a numerical investigation into the serviceability state deformation behaviour of two-tiered geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) walls. A parametric study was conducted using a calibrated finite element model to investigate the key influencing factors, such as the offset distance and reinforcement length. The results of the FE analyses were analysed to identify the fundamental interaction mechanism between the upper and lower tiers and to check the appropriateness of the preliminary design rules set by the FHWA design guideline. The results indicate that the interaction between the upper and lower tiers affects the internal stability of the lower tier while also influencing the external stability of the upper tier. Also, it is revealed that the interaction between the two tiers tends to induce larger wall deformations, leading to larger reinforcement forces at the base of the upper tier compared to an independent wall of the same height. The critical offset distance, beyond which two tiers act independently, is approximately 40% smaller than that recommended by the FHWA design guideline. However, the minimum reinforcement lengths defined by the FHWA design guideline are in good agreement with those determined by the current study.
A novel particle tracking method for granular sands based on spherical harmonic rotational invariants
Authors: Zhou B. , Wang J. , Wang H.
Published: January 2018

Particle tracking is an important technique used to gain insights regarding the particle kinematics of deformed sand specimens subjected to in situ X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). The present study proposes a novel particle tracking method based on the multiscale matching of the morphological features of sand particles. First, a set of spherical harmonic (SH) invariants was introduced to describe the multiscale morphological features of sand particles. Next, a particle matching algorithm was proposed to evaluate the morphological similarities between the particles at different states by examining the second-order norm differences in the SH invariants. Finally, the particles at different states could be tracked once a minimum difference in the SH invariants was identified. The efficiency of this tracking method was validated in a case study, wherein a sand specimen was subjected to high-resolution μCT scanning at an initial state and again at a state of large deformation. The particle tracking results obtained from the SH-based and volume-based methods confirmed the efficiency and robustness of the proposed particle tracking method for tracking the particle kinematics within a sand specimen subjected to large deformation.
Insulin as a model to teach three-dimensional structure of proteins
Authors: Teixeira da Rocha João Batista , Oliveira Cláudia Sirlene , Nogara Pablo Andrei , Schmitz Gabriela Luisa
Published: January 2018

As proteínas são macromoléculas amplamente encontradas nas células e possuem inúmeras funções fisiológicas. Consequentemente, é de fundamental construir um conhecimento sólido sobre estrutura tridimensional das proteínas. As estruturas proteicas são geralmente estudadas durante a graduação na disciplina de Bioquímica. Neste trabalho descrevemos intervenções pedagógicas planejadas para aumentar o conhecimento de estudantes de Química licenciatura sobre a estrutura de proteínas. As atividades foram realizadas utilizando materiais baratos para encorajar a sua implementação no ensino médio pelos futuros professores. A partir da estrutura primária da insulina, os estudantes construíram a estrutura tridimensional desta proteína. Após as atividades, os estudantes destacaram uma melhora nos seus conhecimentos prévios sobre a estrutura das proteínas. A construção de um modelo tridimensional juntamente com outras atividades parece ser uma maneira eficiente de promover o aprendizado sobre a estrutura de proteínas aos estudantes de graduação. A metodologia utilizada foi simples e de baixo custo e pode ser utilizada tanto no nível universitário como no nível do ensino médio.
Inclusão de alunos com necessidade de atendimento educacional especializado: Percepção dos professores
Authors: Kujawa Débora Rita , Bortolin Denice , Patias Naiana Dapieve
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho objetivou conhecer a percepção dos professores sobre a inclusão de alunos deficientes em classe regular de ensino. Participaram do estudo, seis professores, com idades entre 24 a 42 anos, de uma escola privada que tinham, pelo menos, um aluno de Educação Especial Inclusiva em sua classe. O estudo é qualitativo, de cunho exploratório e transversal. Foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupo focal. Análise de conteúdo indicou que, na percepção das professoras, a inclusão é positiva, pois traz benefícios para a criança com deficiência e para os colegas do aluno incluído. No entanto, as mesmas relatam dificuldades relacionadas à compreensão da família sobre o processo de inclusão e a falta de subsídios formativos para realizar a inclusão.
Qualidade de vida de pessoas idosas praticantes e não praticantes de atividades físicas
Authors: Winter Júlia , Cabral Sueli Maria , Da Cunha Gilson Luis , Barcelos Anna Regina Grings , Santos Geraldine Alves dos
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal avaliar a qualidade de vida e a importância atribuída à atividade física de pessoas idosas. A pesquisa teve um delineamento descritivo, transversal e quantitativo. A amostra se constituiu de 52 idosos de ambos os sexosparticipantes e não participantes de grupos de Atividade Física. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o WHOQOL-BREF e um questionário fechado. A comparação dos domínios da Qualidade de Vida entre as faixas etárias foi analisada através do teste Kruskal-Wallis, e entre sexo e prática de atividade física através do teste Mann-Whitney.Os resultados caracterizaram a amostra com uma média de 74,2 anos, representados com 92,2% do sexo feminino. Relativo à Qualidade de Vida há uma predominância do domínio psicológico com 79,1%, seguido do domínio social, com 76,3%, domínio ambiental e físico, com 69,4% e 69,0%, respectivamente. Considerando os resultados da variável prática de atividade física houve diferença significativa entre as médias dos domínios entre quem pratica ou não atividade física. Assim, participar ativamente de um grupo interferiu positivamente na avaliação do idoso relativo à sua qualidade de vida, pois proporciona um suporte social e ajuda a reforçar o sentimento de valor pessoal.
Avaliação Psicológica com Usuários de Substâncias Psicoativas (SPA): uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
Authors: De Souza Santos Ingrid Michélle , Da Silva Santiago Thallyane Rayssa , Venancio de Oliveira Janmeyca Rayanne , De Lima Edgley Duarte , Araujo Melo Monilly Ramos
Published: January 2018

A Avaliação Psicológica (AP) consiste em um amplo processo que possibilita o conhecimento dos fenômenos psicológicos e auxilia no delineamento de diagnósticos e prognósticos. A AP envolve uma multiplicidade de técnicas e questões que extrapolam os limites de uma denominação exata e homogênea. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um breve apanhado histórico sobre o uso de substâncias psicoativas, buscando compreender de que modo esse uso é significado e posicionado durante a história, bem como entender como se dá o processo de Avaliação Psicológica com os usuários destas substâncias. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento sistemático da literatura com os seguintes descritores: “avaliação psicológica AND drogas, avaliação psicológica AND substâncias psicoativas, avaliação psicológica AND dependência química” nas principais bases de dados que indexam periódicos no Brasil. Percebeu-se a insuficiência da avaliação tanto psicológica como neuropsicológica para dependentes de substâncias psicoativas, indicando-nos a necessidade de validação de mais escalas e testes psicológicos para esse público, além da adequação de outras técnicas para sujeitos dependentes. Conclui-se que a AP permite identificar os possíveis prejuízos na capacidade cognitiva e no desenvolvimento das habilidades sociais dos indivíduos que fazem uso de substâncias psicoativas. Por meio dessa identificação, é possível realizar os encaminhamentos necessários e intervir adequadamente nas particularidades de cada caso.
Aproximação teórico-metodológica aos processos de codificação de Carreiras Profissionais
Authors: Selva Olid Clara , Capdevila Rose , Sahagún Padilla Miguel A. , Rubalcaba-Coyaso Francisco Javier , Navarrete Briansó Alba
Published: January 2018

As carreiras profissionais constituem um tema de estudo recorrente dentro das ciências sociais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma revisão da literatura existente sobre o tema com o objetivo de identificar como se estudam as carreiras, trajetórias e transições profissionais, que aproximações metodológicas se utilizam e a que temáticas se associam a fim de conhecer os modelos conceptuais e metodológicos em que se sustentam. Para este fim, foi feita uma pesquisa em diferentes bancos de dados indexados, dando origem a uma seleção de 66 artigos que tratam do fenômeno em questão. Os resultados descritivos usando tabelas de frequência apontam para a conclusão principal, ou seja, a crescente proliferação de estudos, especialmente qualitativos, que abordam o fenômeno e apontam à necessidade de gerar novos modelos conceptuais e de categorização das carreiras profissionais que se adaptem ao meio e às demandas contemporâneas.
Prática pedagógica e relação professor-aluno em cursinhos
Authors: Tondin Celso Francisco , Santos Larissa Medeiros Marinho dos , Magalhães Deruchette Danire Henriques , Pereira Jacqueline Danielle
Published: January 2018

Instituições que oferecem cursos preparatórios para vestibulares, Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) e concursos públicos, os conhecidos cursinhos, tornaram-se espaço de trabalho atrativo para os professores. Este estudo objetiva identificar, a partir de um cursinho, características dos alunos e conhecer a prática pedagógica e seus efeitos na relação professor-aluno. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória realizada em uma instituição privada de uma cidade de pequeno porte do interior de Minas Gerais, com o uso da observação participante, com registro em diário de campo, e aplicação de questionário a 31 alunos. Com base na Análise do Conteúdo, os dados foram organizados em categorias. A primeira delas, características dos alunos, indica que a maioria é do sexo feminino, solteira, não trabalha, estuda em escola pública, pretende estudar em universidades públicas, mora com os pais em casa própria, em área urbana, com até mais três pessoas, tem renda familiar de um a seis salários mínimos e pelo menos um dos pais não concluiu o ensino médio. A segunda categoria, prática pedagógica e relação professor-aluno, informa que o trabalho docente acontece em condições favoráveis à medida que as estratégias didáticas adotadas nos cursinhos, baseadas na memorização e na descontração, resultam em maior interesse dos estudantes e na aproximação entre os corpos docente e discente. Pelo fato de ambos cooperarem com o foco na almejada aprovação em processos seletivos incrementa-se uma marca pragmática e utilitarista no processo ensino-aprendizagem.
E agora Dr.? O pediatra diante do diagnóstico do Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Ferreira Maria Evanir Vicente , Smeha Luciane Najar
Published: January 2018

O diagnóstico do Transtorno do Espectro Autista é realizado pela avaliação clínica, levando em consideração os critérios estabelecidos pelo Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM V). O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as percepções dos médicos pediatras sobre o diagnóstico e intervenção precoce nesse transtorno. Participaram do estudo oito pediatras. Os dados foram coletados com a utilização de um questionário sóciodemográfico e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Para analisar os dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que apesar dos avanços no interesse e no conhecimento do diagnóstico do TEA pelos pediatras, ainda não foi suficiente para que eles realizem o referido diagnóstico e oportunizem a intervenção precoce.
A Relação entre Felicidade e Trabalho: Um Estudo Exploratório com Profissionais Ativos e Aposentados
Authors: Fermiano Fidelis Andréa Cristina , Fernandes Antonio Jorge , Tisott Priscila Bresolin
Published: January 2018

A partir da Psicologia Organizacional Positiva, os estudos das organizações vêm explorando assuntos relacionados àsubjetividade dos funcionários e suas relações com o resultado das empresas. Nesta perspectivateórica, esta pesquisa elegeu os temas Trabalho e Felicidadecom o objetivo de identificar a relação entre estes dois conceitos na perspectivados trabalhadores. Através da abordagem qualitativa - exploratória, com entrevistas abertas e semiestruturadas foram ouvidas doze pessoas, homens e mulheres, com idades entre 30 e 65 anos, sendoseis trabalhadores aposentados e seis trabalhadores ativos, com no mínimo 10 anos de exercício profissional na iniciativa privada. A análise das entrevistas foi realizada pelo método de Análise de Conteúdo. As conclusões versam que os respondentescompreendem Trabalho e Felicidade por uma perspectiva de realização pessoal e missão de vida. Aqueles que avaliaram suas vidas como felizes relacionam sua vida laboral (Trabalho) como fonte de realização pessoal e sentido de existência. Os resultados expressaram uma relação de conectividade entre os conceitos Felicidade e Trabalho, indicando interdependência entre eles.