bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis) reduce microzooplankton and macrozooplankton biomass in thermally stratified lakes
Authors: Kissman Carrie E. H. , Knoll Lesley B. , Sarnelleb Orlando
Published: July 2010

We conducted a survey of 50 thermally stratified lakes with similar nutrient concentrations and morphometries in Michigan to examine the direct and indirect effects of dreissenid mussels on the biomass and community composition of microzooplankton and macrozooplankton. Twenty‐five lakes were infested with dreissenid mussels (invaded), while 25 lakes were dreissenid free (uninvaded). In invaded lakes, phytoplankton biomass was 24% lower, and water clarity was 21% greater. Total microzooplankton biomass was 44% lower, with ciliate and rotifer biomass 39% and 45% lower, respectively, in invaded lakes. Total macrozooplankton biomass was 33% lower, largely driven by a 40% lower biomass of Daphnia spp. in invaded lakes. In contrast, dreissenid status had no significant influence on total copepod biomass, calanoid biomass, or cyclopoid biomass. Our microzooplankton results are similar to those of previous studies conducted in shallow, well‐mixed systems, although the magnitude of the dreissenid influence in our study was smaller, as might be expected in thermally stratified systems. On the other hand, ours is the first study to document lower biomass of Daphnia spp. and reduced rotifer diversity in invaded lakes. In contrast, we found no difference in macrozooplankton community structure. Dreissenids likely affected zooplankton directly through predation (microzooplankton) and indirectly through resource competition (micro‐ and macrozooplankton). Understanding how dreissenid mussels affect both microand macrozooplankton will help us to identify the potential mechanisms by which higher trophic levels (e.g., fish) are influenced by these invaders.
Buoyancy and diapause in Antarctic copepods: The role of ammonium accumulation
Authors: Sartoris Franz Josef , Thomas David N. , Cornils Astrid , Schiela Sigrid B. Schnack
Published: July 2010

To test the hypothesis that copepods are able to regulate their buoyancy via altering their ionic content, we analyzed both the cation concentration in the hemolymph of Antarctic pelagic copepod species in late winter and the vertical distribution pattern and population structure. High concentrations of ammonia/ammonium (NH3/ NH4+) were measured only in the hemolymph of Calanoides acutus, an Antarctic copepod definitely known to undergo vertical ontogenetic migrations and diapause at great depth, and in Rhincalanus gigas, in which a vertical ontogenetic migration pattern associated with diapause is still under debate. None of the other investigated species showed elevated ammonium concentrations in their hemolymph. We suggest that ion replacement by ammonium contributes to neutral buoyancy in diapausing calanoid copepods in the Southern Ocean. We hypothesize that ammonium buoyancy changes with season and is associated with shifts in extracellular pH and, therefore, most likely mediates metabolic depression during diapause.
Metagenomic profiling of Arctic microbial mat communities as nutrient scavenging and recycling systems
Authors: Varin Thibault , Lovejoy Connie , Jungblut Anne D. , Vincent Warwick F. , Corbeil Jacques
Published: July 2010

By way of metagenomics and high‐throughput pyrosequencing, we addressed the hypothesis that cyanobacterial mats in polar aquatic ecosystems maintain a nutrient‐rich microenvironment via decomposition and scavenging processes. Analysis of more than 592,554 genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) reads (total of 11.5 million base pairs) showed that the ribosomal and protein‐coding genes of two High Arctic ice‐shelf mat communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, not Cyanobacteria, which implies a broad range of bacterial decomposition and nutrient recycling processes in addition to phototrophy. Principal component analysis of genes for light‐, nitrogen‐, and phosphorus‐related processes provided evidence of partitioning of mat function among taxonomically different constituents of the mat consortia. Viruses were also present (notably Alpha‐, Beta‐, Gammaproteobacteria phages and cyanophages), which likely contribute to cellular lysis and recycling, as well as other Bacteria, Archaea, and microbial eukaryotes. Nitrogen‐related genes were dominated by ammoniumassimilation systems, implying that the microbial mats are sites of intense mineralization, but not N‐oxidation, since nitrification genes were absent. Nutrient scavenging systems were detected, including genes for transport proteins and enzymes for converting larger molecules into more readily assimilated inorganic forms (allantoin degradation, cyanate hydrolysis, exophosphatases, phosphonatases). Metagenomic profiling results underscore the rich diversity of microbial life even in extreme polar habitats, and the capability of mat consortia to retain and recycle nutrients in the benthic microenvironment.
Evidence for heterogeneous chlorine activation in the tropical UTLS
Authors: von Hobe M. , Grooß J.-U. , Günther G. , Konopka P. , Gensch I. , Krämer M. , Spelten N. , Afchine A. , Schiller C. , Ulanovsky A. , Sitnikov N. , Shur G. , Yushkov V. , Ravegnani F. , Cairo F. , Roiger A. , Voigt C. , Schlager H. , Weigel R. , Frey W. , Borrmann S. , Müller R. , Stroh F.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Airborne in-situ observations of ClO in the tropics were made during the TROCCINOX (Aracatuba, Brasil, February 2005) and SCOUT-O3 (Darwin, Australia, November/December 2005) field campaigns. While during most flights significant amounts of ClO (≈10–20 parts per trillion, ppt) were present only in aged stratospheric air, instances of enhanced ClO mixing ratios of up to 40 ppt – significantly exceeding those expected from gas phase chemistry – were observed in air masses of a more tropospheric character. Most of these observations concur with low temperatures or with the presence of cirrus clouds (often both), suggesting that cirrus ice particles and/or liquid aerosol at low temperatures may promote significant heterogeneous chlorine activation in the tropical upper troposphere lower stratosphere (UTLS). In two case studies, particularly high levels of ClO observed were reproduced by chemistry simulations only under the assumption that significant denoxification had occurred in the observed air. At least for one of these flights, a significant denoxification is in contrast to the observed NO levels suggesting that the coupling of chlorine and nitrogen compounds in the tropical UTLS may not be completely understood.
IgM multiple myeloma: Disease definition, prognosis, and differentiation from Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Schuster Steven R. , Rajkumar Sundararajan Vincent , Dispenzieri Angela , Morice William , Aspitia Alvaro Moreno , Ansell Stephen , Kyle Robert , Mikhael Joseph
Published: July 2010

IgM multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) are two distinct hematologic entities with the common finding of an IgM monoclonal gammopathy. Distinguishing these two diagnoses is critical as the approach to therapy is different. A priori, we defined IgM MM as a symptomatic clonal plasma cell proliferative disorder characterized by an IgM monoclonal protein (regardless of size), 10% or more plasma cells on bone marrow biopsy, plus the presence of lytic bone lesions and/or translocation t(11;14). Twenty‐one patients met this definition of IgM MM. All 21 patients had lytic bone lesions. Of the 16 evaluated with FISH, 6 (38%) demonstrated t(11;14). Median overall survival was 30 months, which is similar to non‐IgM myeloma patients treated during this period and shorter than what would be expected for WM. In this, the largest series of patients with IgM MM, we describe the clinical features and prognosis of patient with IgM MM using a strict definition for the disease. The subset of patients without lytic lesions or t(11;14) but with immunophenotypic features suggestive of MM need further study. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Superiority of nanosized over microsized hyperbranched polymer second phase in modifying brittle epoxy resin
Authors: Yang Jiao‐Ping , Feng Qing‐Ping , Chen Zhen‐Kun , Fu Shao‐Yun
Published: July 2010

A hydroxyl‐functionalized hyperbranched polymer (HBP, H30) is used to modify 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone‐cured bisphenol‐A type epoxy resin and a separate phase structure of modified epoxy resins is observed. The effects of the H30 second phase size on the mechanical properties of modified epoxy systems are investigated systematically. The dependence of the toughening mechanisms on the HBP particle size is reported for the first time. It is shown that the nanosized H30 second phase is superior over microsized counterparts in modifying brittle epoxy resin. The tensile strength is slightly enhanced by the introduction of nanosized H30 second phase, whereas the strength is significantly reduced by the addition of microsized H30 phase. The failure strain and impact strength are obviously enhanced by the introduction of nanosized H30 second phase at low contents, whereas these properties are reduced by the addition of microsized H30 second phase at high contents. Finally, differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric analyses are conducted to examine the effects of the HBP content on the glass transition temperature and the thermal stability, respectively. The glass transition temperature is slightly reduced while the thermal stability is not obviously influenced by the introduction of H30 second phase. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Epoxy curing reaction studied by using two‐dimensional correlation infrared and near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Yamasaki Hideki , Morita Shigeaki
Published: July 2010

The isothermal curing process of bisphenol A epoxy resin with polyamine reagent (1,6‐diaminohexane) was monitored in situ by using temperature‐controlled Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and Fourier‐transform near infrared (FTNIR) spectroscopy to elucidate the relative changes in functional groups during the curing reaction. It was shown that generalized two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy can provide new information about the mechanisms and kinetics of the curing process, and the band assignments for complex NIR spectrum associated with this system. The sequential order of relative changes in functional groups during the curing process was examined by generalized 2D correlation spectroscopy and NIR‐IR hetero‐correlation spectroscopy, and the details of the complex epoxy curing reaction involving both primary and secondary amino group were revealed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
CCL17/thymus and activation–related chemokine in Churg‐Strauss syndrome
Authors: Dallos Tomáš , Heiland Gisela Ruiz , Strehl Johanna , Karonitsch Thomas , Gross Wolfgang L. , Moosig Frank , Holl‐Ulrich Constanze , Distler Jörg H. W. , Manger Bernhard , Schett Georg , Zwerina Jochen
Published: July 2010

Objective

Churg‐Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a Th2‐mediated systemic vasculitis characterized by eosinophilic infiltration, blood eosinophilia, and high IgE levels. CCL17/thymus and activation–regulated chemokine (TARC) is a chemokine responsible for the recruitment of Th2 cells. This study was undertaken to explore a possible role of CCL17/TARC in CSS.

Methods

CCL17/TARC levels in serum from patients with active or inactive CSS, hypereosinophilic syndrome, systemic small‐vessel vasculitis other than CSS, other types of eosinophilia, and healthy controls were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Biopsy samples of affected tissue from CSS patients were examined by immunohistochemical staining for Th2 infiltration and CCL17/TARC expression.

Results

Serum CCL17/TARC levels were significantly elevated in CSS patients with active disease (mean ± SEM 1,122.0 ± 422.7 pg/ml) compared with controls (220.6 ± 27.9 pg/ml) and patients with inactive disease (388.9 ± 72.6 pg/ml) (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). These levels correlated with the clinical disease course of CSS and with absolute eosinophil counts as well as IgE levels. Infiltrating Th2 cells in active CSS lesions were evidenced by CD294 staining. CCL17/TARC in the affected tissue of CSS patients was readily identified by immunohistochemical analysis. Elevated CCL17/TARC levels were also noted in patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome (794.5 ± 294.8 pg/ml) and other disorders associated with eosinophilia (1,096.0 ± 345.3 pg/ml) (both P < 0.005 versus controls).

Conclusion

CCL17/TARC may contribute to CSS pathogenesis by recruitment of Th2 cells into affected tissue. Serum CCL17/TARC levels reflect disease activity, and further studies to validate its use as an activity marker in CSS are warranted.
ChemInform Abstract: Cesium Hydroperoxostannate: First Complete Structural Characterization of a Homoleptic Hydroperoxocomplex.
Authors: Churakov Andrei V. , Sladkevich Sergey , Lev Ovadia , Tripol'skaya Tatiana A. , Prikhodchenko Petr V.
Published: July 2010

The title compound is obtained in 88% yield from a solution of Cs2Sn(OH)6 in 70 wt% H2O2.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Stereoactive Lone Pairs in Templated Vanadium Tellurite Charge Density Matching.
Authors: Chang Kelvin B. , Hubbard Desmond J. , Zeller Matthias , Schrier Joshua , Norquist Alexander J.
Published: July 2010

The crystal structure of the new compound (II) is determined by single crystal XRD (triclinic, space group P$\bar 1$, Z = 1).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Hexanuclear Iron—Selenium Nitrosyl Cluster: Primary Exploration of the Preparation Methods, Structure, and Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Properties.
Authors: Wang Rongming , Xu Wei , Zhang Jian , Li Lijuan
Published: July 2010

The structures of the nitrosyl complexes (II) and (IV) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Application of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene Ligands: Increased Efficiency in Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Additions by Electronic Tuning.
Authors: Luo Yunfei , Carnell Andrew J.
Published: July 2010

A new series of 1,4‐disubstituted 2,5‐diaryl bicyclo[2.2.2]octadienes are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation of Ketones in Ionic Liquids Using Molecular Oxygen in the Presence of Benzaldehyde.
Authors: Chrobok Anna
Published: July 2010

The procedure avoids the use of expensive catalysts and affords the lactone products in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: New Ionic Phosphite Ligands: Synthesis and Application in Asymmetric Rh‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation.
Authors: Lyubimov S. E. , Petrovskii P. V. , Davankov V. A.
Published: July 2010

The chiral phosphites are based on pyridinium and imidazolium ionic liquids and are coordinated in the monodendate mode to afford rhodium complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Versatility of the Johnson—Claisen Rearrangement: Access to Functionally Versatile δ‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐α,β‐unsaturated Nitriles.
Authors: Cosgrove Kelly L. , McGeary Ross P.
Published: July 2010

The cyanohydrin educts are prepared following 2 different procedures [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐ and β‐Stannyl Trifluoromethylbutenoates: Regioselective Preparation and Use in Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Allylation and Propargylation Reactions.
Authors: Carcenac Yvan , Zine Khalid , Kizirian Jean‐Claude , Thibonnet Jerome , Duchene Alain , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Abarbri Mohamed
Published: July 2010

The first highly regioselective free‐metal hydrostannylation of butynoate (I) without any additive is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Radical Cyclization Method Accompanied by Elimination of Hydrazyl Radical.
Authors: Kobayashi Shoju , Hirao Hidefumi , Kawauchi Tatsuro , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: July 2010

A novel radical cyclization is studied, which is accompanied by elimination of the hydrazyl radical.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/Borylation/Oxidation for the Preparation of Bis‐Protected Phloroglucinol Derivatives.
Authors: Marshall Laura J. , Cable Karl M. , Botting Nigel P.
Published: July 2010

The two‐step procedure includes Ir‐catalyzed C—H activation and borylation of resorcinols (I) followed by oxidation of boronic ester intermediates (II) to give the derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine as a Versatile Catalyst for the Hydroalkylation of Vinyl Arenes with 1,3‐Diketones.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. Subba , Rao T. Srinivasa , Bhavani K. , Raju A.
Published: July 2010

An efficient protocol is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Mukaiyama Aldol and Mukaiyama—Michael Reactions Promoted by Commercially Available Molecular Sieves.
Authors: Anada Masahiro , Washio Takuya , Watanabe Yudai , Hashimoto Shunichi
Published: July 2010

The Mukaiyama aldol reactions of aldehydes (I) and (IV) with silyl ketene acetals or silyl enol ethers (II) proceed smoothly in the presence of pulverized mol.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II)‐Mediated Methylthiolation of Aryl C—H Bonds with DMSO.
Authors: Chu Lingling , Yue Xuyi , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: July 2010

A new and convenient method for the methylthiolation and ethylthiolation of arenes is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Ag/Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Triflates with Aromatic Carboxylate Salts.
Authors: Goossen Lukas J. , Lange Paul P. , Rodriguez Nuria , Linder Christophe
Published: July 2010

The present protocol, allowing for coupling of halogenated and heterocyclic arenecarboxylates at only 130°C, marks an important milestone in the development of decarboxylative cross‐coupling reactions into practicable alternatives to the established coupling of metalorganic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Inverse Electron Demand Asymmetric Cycloadditions of Cyclic Carbonyl Ylides Catalyzed by Chiral Lewis Acids — Scope and Limitations of Diazo and Olefinic Substrates.
Authors: Suga Hiroyuki , Higuchi Satoshi , Ohtsuka Motoo , Ishimoto Daisuke , Arikawa Tadashi , Hashimoto Yuta , Misawa Shunta , Tsuchida Teruko , Kakehi Akikazu , Baba Toshihide
Published: July 2010

The reaction of activated olefins with carbonyl ylides, generated by Rh‐catalyzed decomposition of the corresponding α‐diazocarbonyl compounds, is investigated in the presence of transition metal triflates and Pybox or BINIM‐type ligands as catalysts (to be continued).
ChemInform Abstract: Lithiation—Electrophilic Substitution of N‐Thiopivaloylazetidine.
Authors: Hodgson David M. , Kloesges Johannes
Published: July 2010

Azetidine (I) smoothly undergoes α‐lithiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Iminofurans. Part 5. Synthesis, Structure, and Cyclization of 4‐R‐4‐Oxo‐2‐[2‐(2‐oxo‐1,2‐diphenylethylidene)hydrazino]but‐2‐enoic Acids.
Authors: Komarova O. A. , Igidov N. M. , Rubtsov A. E. , Zalesov V. V. , Makarov A. S. , Toksarova Yu. S.
Published: July 2010

The title compounds (III) exist in solution as Z‐ and E‐enehydrazino‐ or β‐ketohydrazone forms.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Entry into 5‐Decarboxydibenzofurans via Smiles Rearrangement of the Lichen para‐Depside, Erythrin.
Authors: Thadhani Vinitha M. , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Andersen Raymond J. , Karunaratne Veranja
Published: July 2010

Smiles rearrangement of erythrin (I) provides access to diaryl ethers having a free carboxylic acid at the α‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized 3‐(Cyclohexenylmethyl)‐indoles via a Quadruple Domino Friedel—Crafts‐Type/Michael/Michael/Aldol Condensation Reaction.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Wang Chuan , Mukanova Meruyert , Greb Andreas
Published: July 2010

The one‐pot multi‐component process involves the cascade reaction of nitroalkenes (II), indole derivatives (I) and two equivalents acrolein (III) catalyzed by a prolinol Tms‐ether derivative.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Experimental Evidence for the Priority of Flexible Ligand Skeleton in Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Indole with Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Liu Han , Wang Neng‐Dong , Du Da‐Ming
Published: July 2010

Compared with diphenylamine‐linked ligands investigated in previous studies the newly designed ligands (I) with planar rigid scaffold give much lower yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Study Directed Toward Derivatives of Biologically Active Indolo[2,3‐a]carbazole.
Authors: Sato Masako , Suzuki Yoshiaki , Yamada Fumio , Somei Masanori
Published: July 2010

Compound (I), a promising a2‐blocker, is obtained from indigo in three steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Extension of a Cascade Reaction: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of the GFP Chromophore Derivatives.
Authors: Jia Runhong , Yan Shu , Jiang Bo , Shi Feng , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: July 2010

Valuable features of this cascade reaction are high yields and the prospect of small‐scale high‐speed syntheses for substance libraries.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Reactions on Pyridinium N‐Heteroarylaminides. Step‐by‐Step Synthesis of 3,5‐Unsymmetrically Disubstituted 2‐Aminopyridines.
Authors: Cordoba Marta , Castillo Rafael R. , Izquierdo M. Luisa , Alvarez‐Builla Julio
Published: July 2010

The method applies a multiple Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Isoquinolines via Nickel‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes and 3,4‐Pyridynes.
Authors: Iwayama Toshihiko , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: July 2010

Butyndiol derivatives (II) and diynes (IV) are suitable substrates for the cycloaddition with pyridines (I) in the presence of a fluoride anion.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methyl 12‐Aryl‐9,9‐dimethyl‐11‐oxo‐7,8,9,10,11,12‐hexahydrobenzo [a]acridine‐10‐carboxylate.
Authors: Kozlov N. G. , Bondarev S. L. , Kadutskii A. P. , Basalaeva L. I.
Published: July 2010

The title compounds are obtained in a three‐component condensation of 2‐naphthylamine, aromatic aldehydes, and 2,2‐dimethyl‐4,6‐dioxocyclohexanecarboxylate.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthetic Route to Synthesize 2,4,8,10‐Tetraoxaspiro[5.5]‐undecane from Formaldehyde under Hydrothermal Conditions.
Authors: Maheen Gull , Tian Ge , Song Zhiguang , He Chao , Shi Zhan , Liu Ziwei , Yuan Hongming , Feng Shouhua
Published: July 2010

The presented method is described as the simplest one to synthesize title compound (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for Pyrrole peri‐Annulation: Synthesis of 1H‐1,5,7‐Triazacyclopenta[c,d]phenalenes from 1H‐Perimidines.
Authors: Aksenov Alexander V. , Lyakhovnenko Alexander S. , Andrienko Anna V. , Levina Irina L.
Published: July 2010

The synthesis of title compounds (III) from acetylperimidines (II) involves the formation of an amide intermediate which reacts with triazines or carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Condensation of Biginelli Thiones, Chloroacetic Acid, and Aldehydes as an Effective Approach Towards Thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines and 5‐Arylidenethiazolidine‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Lebedyeva Iryna O. , Povstyanoy Mykhaylo V. , Ryabitskii Aleksey B. , Povstyanoy Vyacheslav M.
Published: July 2010

The three‐component reaction of thiones (I) with aldehydes (II) and chloroacetic acid readily affords thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines (IV), whilst prolonged reaction times leads to the formation of hydrolysis products (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Acyl Radical Insertion for the Direct Formation of New 7‐Substituted Pterin Analogues.
Authors: Pruet Jeff M. , Robertus Jon D. , Anslyn Eric V.
Published: July 2010

The biologically interesting title compounds are easily prepared by regiospecific reaction of pterin with acyl radicals.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies of the Aza‐Retro‐Claisen Rearrangement. A Facile Route to Medium Ring Nitrogen Heterocycles.
Authors: Boeckman Robert K. Jr. , Genung Nathan E. , Chen Ke , Ryder Todd R.
Published: July 2010

Heating of oxepines and oxacenes of type (I) and (IV) as well as cyclobutanecarboxaldehydes like (VII) with Staudinger reagents is found to provide an efficient approach to medium ring nitrogen heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Configurationally Stable Functionalized ethano‐Bridged Troeger Bases.
Authors: Michon Christophe , Sharma Ankit , Bernardinelli Gerard , Francotte Eric , Lacour Jerome
Published: July 2010

A novel [1,2]‐Stevens rearrangement of quaternary ammonium salts (I) leads readily to ethano‐bridged Troeger bases (II) as a single diastereomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis and Ring‐Opening of 4‐(Tributylstannyl)pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylates.
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Ando Hiromi , Shibuya Hitoshi , Hachiya Iwao
Published: July 2010

On treatment of imino acetate (II) with stannylalkenes (I) in the presence of MesOH at ‐78 °C a ring‐closing reaction occurs to give stannyl‐pyrrolidines (III) as major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Study on Clutiolide Based on a Remote Chelation Controlled Ireland—Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: Ishihara Jun , Tokuda Okihisa , Shiraishi Kazunori , Nishino Yukihiro , Takahashi Keisuke , Hatakeyama Susumi
Published: July 2010

The strategy leading to clutiolide (VI), a secolabdane diterpene from C.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Novel Glycosyl Carboxamide with Sugar in Furanose and Pyranose form Using Benzotriazole Methodology.
Authors: Kale Raju R. , Prasad Virendra , Tiwari Vinod K.
Published: July 2010

A simple method using mild conditions for the preparation of secondary and tertiary glycosyl amides (III) and (V) is described by treatment of sugar‐based N‐acylbenzotriazoles (I) and (IV) with the corresponding amines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Marine Oxylipin Topsentolide A1 by the Synthesis of the Enantiomer of the Natural Product.
Authors: Kobayashi Munetaka , Ishigami Ken , Watanabe Hidenori
Published: July 2010

The stereochemistry of (I), a cytotoxic oxylipin against human solid tumor cells, is assigned by synthesis of its enantiomer and a diastereomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Nodulisporacid A by the Concise Synthesis of Four Stereoisomers via Three‐Component Reaction and One‐Pot Construction of the Framework.
Authors: Sumiya Tatsunobu , Ishigami Ken , Watanabe Hidenori
Published: July 2010

Four stereoisomers are synthesized and the absolute stereochemistry of the natural product, which exists as an equilibrium mixture of (E)‐ and (Z)‐isomers, is revealed as (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Magnetic Polymeric Microspheres
Authors: Gervald A. Yu. , Gritskova I. A. , Prokopov N. I.
Published: July 2010

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress Towards the Synthesis of Sordarin and Its Analogues
Authors: Liang Huan , Ciufolini Marco
Published: July 2010

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona‐Mediated Enantioselective Protonations
Authors: Rouden Jacques
Published: July 2010

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic α‐Substitution of Carbonyl Derivatives
Authors: Park Hyeung‐geun , Jeong Byeong‐Seon
Published: July 2010

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona Alkaloids and Their Derivatives as Chirality Inducers in Metal‐Promoted Enantioselective Carbon—Carbon and Carbon—Heteroatom Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Deshmukh Ravindra R. , Ryu Do Hyun , Song Choong Eui
Published: July 2010

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona Alkaloids as Chirality Transmitters in Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductions
Authors: Blaser Hans‐Ulrich
Published: July 2010

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amidine: Structure, Reactivity and Complexation Behavior
Authors: Singh Bibhesh K.
Published: July 2010

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Containers: Host—Guest Chemistry and Reactivity
Authors: Albrecht Markus
Published: July 2010

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Why Did Nature Select Phosphate for Its Dominant Roles in Biology?
Authors: Bowler Matthew W. , Cliff Matthew J. , Waltho Jonathan P. , Blackburn G. Michael
Published: July 2010

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Red Fluorescent Proteins and Their Properties
Authors: Piatkevich K. D. , Efremenko E. N. , Verkhusha V. V. , Varfolomeev S. D.
Published: July 2010

Review: 118 refs.
Maintenance therapy with low‐dose azacitidine after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for recurrent acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: de Lima Marcos , Giralt Sergio , Thall Peter F. , de Padua Silva Leandro , Jones Roy B. , Komanduri Krishna , Braun Thomas M. , Nguyen Hoang Q. , Champlin Richard , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

Recurrence is a major cause of treatment failure after allogeneic transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and treatment options are very limited. Azacitidine is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with activity in myeloid disease. The authors hypothesized that low‐dose azacitidine administered after transplant would reduce recurrence rates, and conducted a study to determine a safe dose/schedule combination.

METHODS:

Forty‐five high‐risk patients were treated. Median age was 60 years; median number of comorbidities was 3; 67% were not in remission. By using a Bayesian adaptive method to determine the best dose/schedule combination based on time to toxicity, the authors investigated combinations of 5 daily azacitidine doses, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 mg/m2, and 4 schedules: 1, 2, 3, or 4 cycles, each with 5 days of drug and 25 days of rest. Cycle 1 started on Day +40.

RESULTS:

Reversible thrombocytopenia was the dose‐limiting toxicity. The optimal combination was 32 mg/m2 given for 4 cycles. Median follow‐up was 20.5 months. One‐year event‐free and overall survival were 58% and 77%, justifying further studies to estimate long‐term clinical benefit. No dose significantly affected DNA global methylation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Azacitidine at 32 mg/m2 given for 5 days is safe and can be administered after allogeneic transplant for at least 4 cycles to heavily pretreated AML/MDS patients. The trial also suggested that this treatment may prolong event‐free and overall survival, and that more cycles may be associated with greater benefit. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Clavulanic acid protects neurons in pharmacological models of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Huh Youngbuhm , Ju Mi Sun , Park Hanbyeol , Han Shengjun , Bang Yu‐Mi , Ferris Craig F. , Koppell Gary A. , King Jean A. , Kim Minkyu Leo , Kim Deog Joong , Ahn Chang Ho , Oh Myung‐Sook
Published: July 2010

Clavulanic acid is a psychoactive compound with excellent blood‐brain barrier permeability and safety profiles. Previous studies showed that clavulanic acid suppresses anxiety in rodents and in a primate model. In addition, clavulanic acid is thought to enhance sexual function in animal models via central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms. To further examine its potential as a CNS‐modulating agent, we investigated the effects of clavulanic acid in neurotoxin‐induced animal models that emulate neurodegenerative disease symptoms. Clavulanic acid was administered to rodents that were exposed to kainic acid or 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Using histochemical staining of brain sections, we demonstrated that clavulanic acid protects hippocampal and dopaminergic neurons from toxin‐induced acute death. We also observed that clavulanic acid improves motor function in MPTP‐treated mice in a behavioral test. These data indicate that clavulanic acid may have neuroprotective effects and warrants further investigation of its therapeutic use in CNS disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev Res 71:351–357, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flotillin‐1 promotes formation of glutamatergic synapses in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Swanwick Catherine Croft , Shapiro Marietta E. , Vicini Stefano , Wenthold Robert J.
Published: July 2010

Synapse malformation underlies numerous neurodevelopmental illnesses, including autism spectrum disorders. Here we identify the lipid raft protein flotillin‐1 as a promoter of glutamatergic synapse formation. We cultured neurons from the hippocampus, a brain region important for learning and memory, and examined them at two weeks in vitro, a time period rich with synapse formation. Double‐label immunocytochemistry of native flot‐1 with glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse markers showed that flot‐1 was preferentially colocalized with the glutamatergic presynaptic marker vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), compared to the GABAergic presynaptic marker glutamic acid decarboxylase‐65 (GAD‐65). Triple‐label immunocytochemistry of native flot‐1, VGLUT1, and NR1, the obligatory subunit of NMDA receptors, indicates that Flot‐1 was preferentially localized to synaptic rather than extrasynaptic NR1. Furthermore, electrophysiological results using whole‐cell patch clamp showed that Flot‐1 increased the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) but not miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs), whereas amplitude and decay kinetics of either type of synaptic current was not affected. Corresponding immunocytochemical data confirmed that the number of glutamatergic synapses increased with flot‐1 overexpression. Overall, our anatomical and physiological results show that flot‐1 enhances the formation of glutamatergic synapses but not GABAergic synapses, suggesting that the role of flot‐1 in neurodevelopmental disorders should be explored. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 875–883, 2010
Macroinvertebrate response to stream restoration by large wood addition
Authors: Testa Sam , Douglas Shields F. , Cooper Charles M.
Published: July 2010

We examined the aquatic macroinvertebrate community response to habitat rehabilitation activities in an incised, sand‐bed stream. Seventy‐two large wood (LW) structures were placed along 2 km of Little Topashaw Creek (37 km2 watershed) in north‐central Mississippi, USA. Macroinvertebrate collections were made from bed sediments, LW, leaf packs and qualitative multi‐habitat sampling during 2 years prior to and 2 years following LW addition. Addition of LW tripled the availability of wood substrate but had no measurable effect on macroinvertebrate abundance or family richness. Ordination analyses revealed subtle differences in community composition between treated and untreated conditions, but these were related to antecedent discharge (occurrence of high flows during the preceding 6 months) and bed sediment composition rather than the availability of LW. Restoration of incising, sand‐bed streams must include measures that address perturbed hydrology and degraded water quality as well as instream treatments. Published in 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Dendritic cells in tolerance induction for the treatment of autoimmune diseases
Authors: Rescigno Maria
Published: July 2010

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the loss of tolerance toward self‐antigens and the induction of destructive immune responses leading to tissue damage. Most patients with autoimmune diseases are treated with immunosuppressive drugs that suppress the immune response in a non‐specific fashion, which is inevitably accompanied by several side effects. Antigen‐specific immunomodulation and patient‐tailored therapies are likely to solve these issues and to elicit long‐term protection against disease flares. This Viewpoint analyzes the potential use of DC for induction of antigen‐specific tolerance in autoimmune disease settings.
The puzzle of intestinal lamina propria dendritic cells and macrophages
Authors: Pabst Oliver , Bernhardt Günter
Published: July 2010

A specialized network of immune cells is positioned directly in the mucosa of the intestinal tract. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the nature and function of DC and macrophages occupying the intestinal lamina propria of mice. DC and macrophages share phenotypic traits and functional plasticity, properties that preclude simple classification of the two cell types. Nevertheless, the information available appears to have reached “critical mass” to allow for a clear demarcation between intestinal macrophages and DC.
Psychosocial Characteristics in Relation to Disordered Eating Attitudes in Greek Adolescents
Authors: Costarelli V. , Antonopoulou K. , Mavrovounioti Ch.
Published: July 2010

The study explores possible links between eating attitudes in Greek adolescents and certain psychosocial characteristics such as self‐esteem, empathy and anxiety. A total of 202 students (109 boys and 93 girls), 15–18 years old, have been recruited. The following questionnaires were used: the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT‐26), the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Self‐Perception Profile for Adolescents, the Multidimensional Body‐Self‐Questionnaire‐Overweight Preoccupation and the Index of Empathy of Children and Adolescents. The EAT‐26 revealed that 18.3% of the total sample of students (12.8% of boys and 24.7% of girls) reported having disordered eating attitudes. Adolescents with disordered eating attitudes had significantly higher levels of anxiety and scored less in self‐reported physical appearance and romantic appeal. Empathy and global self‐esteem did not differ significantly between the two groups. Adolescents with disordered eating attitudes have certain psychosocial characteristics which differentiate them from the students with healthier eating attitudes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Novel antifouling agent zinc pyrithione: determination, acute toxicity, and bioaccumulation in marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)
Authors: Marcheselli Marco , Rustichelli Cecilia , Mauri Marina
Published: July 2010

Antifouling biocide zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) and its biological fate have received little attention because this compound was assumed not to be persistent in marine ecosystems. An analytical procedure was developed that has proved to be efficient and very sensitive in extracting ZnPT and its main secondary products, Zn and ionized pyrithione (PT−), from both seawater and biological samples, namely in the gills and digestive gland of the bioindicator species Mytilus galloprovincialis. Short-term experiments were carried out to investigate ZnPT toxicity and bioaccumulation. The effects on survival and tissue bioaccumulation of ZnPT and its secondary products were studied on adult mussels from a natural population, collected in the harbor area of Porto Santo Stefano (Italy) and exposed to sublethal doses of the biocide for up to 7 d. Zinc pyrithione was shown to be persistent in the experimental seawater in the short term. A basal level of ZnPT and ionized PT− was detected in the mussels, indicating that ZnPT availability in the sampling site is already high enough to induce a detectable accumulation in individuals of the native population. Zinc pyrithione rapidly accumulated in the tissues of the exposed mussels, proportionately to both exposure concentration and time, identifying the gills and digestive gland as important targets in the biological pathway of the contaminants. Even though the 7-d median lethal concentration (LC50) = 8.27 µM established here appears high with respect to reported ZnPT environmental concentrations, the results indicate that this biocide could represent a threat for marine organisms in coastal environments and that further investigations on its biological effects at sublethal doses are needed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2583–2592. © 2010 SETAC
Polymerization of insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1) potentiates IGF‐I actions in placenta
Authors: Shibuya Hiromi , Sakai Keiji , Kabir‐Salmani Maryam , Wachi Yuichi , Iwashita Mitsutoshi
Published: July 2010

Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1), the main secretory protein of decidua that binds to IGFs and has been shown to inhibit or stimulate IGFs' bioactivities. Polymerization, one of the posttranslational modifications of IGFBP‐1, has been shown to lead to loss of inhibiting effect of IGFBP‐1 on IGF‐I actions. The current studies were undertaken to elucidate the effects of steroid hormones on IGFBP‐1 polymerization in trophoblast cell cultures. Placental tissues were obtained during legal, elective procedures of termination of pregnancy performed between 7 and 10 weeks of gestation, and primary trophoblast cells were separated. IGFBP‐1 polymerization was analyzed by SDS–PAGE and immunoblotting. IGFBP‐1 was polymerized when IGFBP‐1 was added to trophoblast cell cultures. Polymerization of IGFBP‐1 was inhibited by the addition of anti‐tissue transglutaminase antibody into the culture media. There was an increase in the intensity of polymerized IGFBP‐1 bands with the addition of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), while no such difference was observed upon treatment with estradiol. MPA also increased the expression of tissue transglutaminase on trophoblast cell membranes. IGF‐I stimulated trophoblast cell migration, while IGFBP‐1 inhibited this IGF‐I‐induced trophoblast response. Addition of MPA attenuated the inhibitory effects of IGFBP‐1 on IGF‐I‐induced trophoblast cell migration. IGFBP‐1 was polymerized by tissue transglutaminase on the cell surface of trophoblasts, and MPA increased tissue transglutaminase expression on the cell surface and facilitated IGFBP‐1 polymerization. These results suggest that progesterone might facilitate polymerization of decidua‐secreted IGFBP‐1 and increase IGF‐I actions at feto‐maternal interface, thereby stimulating trophoblast invasion of maternal uterus. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 434–439, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface ultrastructure of larval mouthpart sensilla of the muga silkmoth, Antheraea assamensis, an endemic species of North‐East India
Authors: Dey Sudip , Singh Surendra , Chakraborty Rahul
Published: July 2010

Scanning electron microscopy of different larval stages of the muga silk moth Antheraea assamensis revealed the presence of sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichoidea, sensilla styloconica, gustatory sensilla, sensory pegs, placoid sensilla, etc., on their mouth parts. Some variations were observed in the number and sub‐types of sensilla in certain larval stages indicating some differences in sensitivity of the worms in different instars to the food plant and microhabitat. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface treatments and coatings to maintain fresh‐cut mango quality in storage
Authors: Plotto Anne , Narciso Jan A. , Rattanapanone Nithiya , Baldwin Elizabeth A
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: Edible coatings may extend fresh‐cut fruit storage by preventing moisture loss and decreasing gas exchange. This study evaluated the effect of an antibrowning dip (calcium ascorbate, citric acid and N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine), followed or not with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or carrageenan coatings on quality of fresh‐cut mangoes stored at 5 °C for up to 20 days. A fourth treatment, only used in one of four experiments, consisted of chitosan. Treatments were applied on ‘Tommy Atkins’, ‘Kent’ and ‘Keitt’ mangoes harvested from Homestead (FL), and on imported store‐bought mangoes.

RESULTS: The antibrowning dips maintained the best visual quality during storage for all cultivars, as indicated by higher b*, hue and L*. The CMC coating maintained similar visual quality, but carrageenan or chitosan decreased L* and b*. The antibrowning dip containing calcium ascorbate reduced firmness loss on cut pieces of ‘Keitt’, ‘Kent’ and store‐bought mangoes. The antibrowning treatment maintained higher titratable acidity for ‘Kent’ and ‘Keitt’, resulting in lower sensory sweetness.

CONCLUSION: This study with repeated experiments showed that calcium ascorbate with citric acid and N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine maintained cut mango slices attractiveness in storage by keeping light color in both varieties. The addition of a polysaccharide coating did not consistently improve quality. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
L1, β‐catenin, and E‐cadherin expression in patients with colorectal cancer: Correlation with clinicopathologic features and its prognostic significance
Authors: Fang Qing‐Xia , Lü Liang‐Zhong , Yang Bo , Zhao Zhong‐Sheng , Wu Yue , Zheng Xiao‐Chun
Published: July 2010

Objective

Currently, there are no clinically used/routine biomarkers that accurately predict whether colorectal cancer (CRC) patients will or will not respond to adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate L1, β‐catenin, and E‐cadherin expression in patients with CRC and their relationship to tumor progression, and to identify patients who will respond to chemotherapy.

Methods

A total of 142 patients who underwent surgical treatment for CRC were chosen retrospectively. The samples from these patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. SPSS‐14 program package was used for statistical calculation.

Results

Expression of L1, β‐catenin, and E‐cadherin were found to be strongly associated with invasion and metastasis of CRC. Cox multivariate analysis results indicated that L1 expression and stage of Dukes could be considered as the independent prognostic factors for survival. Furthermore, our study found that the 5‐year survival rate was the significantly associated with the expression of L1, β‐catenin (normal and ectopic expression), and E‐cadherin for Dukes' stage B (P < 0.01) patients. However, no such result was found for Dukes' stage A (P > 0.05) and C (P > 0.05) patients.

Conclusion

Our study provided reference for identifying patients who need adjuvant chemotherapy. L1, β‐catenin, and E‐cadherin could be considered as biomarkers to predict whether CRC patients will or will not respond to adjuvant chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:433–442. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus and oropharynx cancer: Biology, detection and clinical implications
Authors: Allen Clint T. , Lewis James S. , El‐Mofty Samir K. , Haughey Bruce H. , Nussenbaum Brian
Published: July 2010

Objectives:

To review evidence for the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the etiology of oropharyngeal cancers, methods of viral detection, and the resulting clinical implications.

Study Design:

Contemporary review.

Methods:

Published journal articles identified through PubMed and conference proceedings were reviewed.

Results:

HPV‐associated squamous cell carcinomas represent a distinct disease entity from carcinogen‐associated squamous cell carcinomas. HPV oncoproteins lead to mucosal cell transformation through well‐defined mechanisms. Different methods of detecting HPV exist with variable levels of sensitivity and specificity for biologically active virus. Although virus is detected in a number of head and neck subsites, studies demonstrate improved outcomes in HPV‐associated carcinoma of the oropharynx only. The cell cycle regulatory protein p16 is upregulated by biologically active HPV and serves as a biomarker of improved response to therapy.

Conclusions:

HPV‐associated squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx is a biologically distinct entity from carcinogen‐associated carcinoma. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the improved outcomes in patients with HPV‐associated oropharyngeal carcinoma may lead to novel therapeutics for patients with carcinogen‐associated carcinomas. Laryngoscope, 2010