bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Elsaka Omar
Published: November 2021

Background: Over the past decade, percutaneous atrial septal defect (ASD) closure has been the preferred treatment option in many clinical programs for ASD. Percutaneous ASD closures with advanced device architecture and distribution have established user experience and process security. The ability to diagnose has also improved. The devices have evolved from the larger fixtures to the reset zone, being easily eliminated with little residual mesh material and comfortable fitting with the surrounding structures. Biodegradable technology has been introduced and will be considered as a future option. The emergence of the use of the ASD closure device over the last forty years includes improvements that reduce the incidence of adverse effects reported over the years. Issues reported in the literature include thrombus formation, air tightness, device insertion, abrasion, residual shunts and nickel hypersensitivity. Modern tools hold medium and long-term data with excellent results. Multi-sized devices securely close simple and complex ASDs that can re-scan, reset, and detect percutaneous advanced delivery procedures. In this review, the most widely used tools and distribution processes are discussed and the tools that show promise for the future.

Conclusion: As the field of transcatheter treatment of atrial septal defects (TC-ASD) and congenital interventional cardiology develops, real-world design studies provide valuable developmental information on aspects of care where there is disagreement about best practices and more research is needed.
Induced Breeding of Freshwater Fishes and Cost Benefit Analysis of a Selected Fish Hatchery in Jashore, Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Anusree , Choudhury Moumita , Farid Md. Almamun , Rahman M. Aminur , Rahman M. Anisur
Published: November 2021

An investigation was carried out to know the induced breeding techniques of some firewater fish species such as rui (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), sharpunti (Puntius sarana) and bata (Labeo bata) at Ma Fatima Fish Hatchery in Chanchra, Jashore, Bangladesh. The cost-benefit analysis was also performed on this hatchery for three months from May to July, 2016. The brood fishes purchased from different local sources were used for spawning. The hatchery mainly practiced induced breeding by maintaining proper age and weight of brood stock during spawning. The ranges of fertilization and hatching rates of the experimental fishes were 80.04±1.44 % to 94.35±0.54% and 75.34±3.49% to 88.68±2.76%, respectively. Total spawn production was 960, 862 and 734 kg, and the total revenue income from spawn sell was BDT 2,883,500, 2,355,100 and 1,844,800 (BDT 85 = 1 US$) in May, June and July, respectively. Estimated capital cost was BDT 87,90,000, while the operating costs were BDT 1,810,650; 1,555,105 and 1,267,680 in May, June and July, respectively. The calculated cost-benefit ratios in May, June and July were 1.59, 1.51 and 1.46, respectively. The hatchery got the highest net profit of BDT (Bangladeshi Taka) 1,041,906 in May due to the highest production and higher price of spawn, and the lowest profit of BDT 546,176 was obtained in July. So, May was found to be the peak breeding month of Ma Fatima Hatchery. The estimated cost-benefit ratio indicated that the spawn production through induced breeding techniques was profitable for the hatchery owners.
Population Dynamics of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) on Sorghum
Authors: Sunitha S. V. L. , Swathi M. , Madhumathi T. , Kumar P. Anil , Chiranjeevi C. H.
Published: November 2021

The study on seasonal incidence of fall armyworm was carried out during kharif, 2019 at Agricultural college farm, Bapatla.  The oviposition of fall armyworm was observed from 34th SMW (Standard Meterological Week) and reached its peak during 40th SMW (0.03 egg masses plant-1). The larval population of fall armyworm was commenced during 35th SMW and increased gradually to a peak of 1.67 larvae plant-1 during 41st SMW. The maximum plant infestation (60.00%) and leaf damage severity rating (3.13) of fall armyworm was observed during 41st SMW. The peak activity of natural enemies was observed during 41st SMW which coincides with the larval population of fall armyworm. The correlation analysis indicated that eggmasses of fall armyworm was positively correlated with minimum temperature(r= 0.668) and wind speed (r= 0.529) while, the larval population showed significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r= 0.029). The plant infestation caused by fall armyworm had shown significant negative correlation with maximum temperature (r= -0.633) and positive correlation with morning relative humidity (r= 0.678) and evening relative humidity (r= 0.664) whereas, the leaf damage severity rating exhibited significant positive correlation with evening relative humidity (r= 0.691). The multiple regression analysis revealed that the influence of weather parameters on the incidence of fall armyworm and natural enemies in sorghum ecosystem was more than 65% and 40%, respectively.
Assisted Vaginal Delivery - Preference of Vacuum or Forceps among Obstetricians
Authors: Gnanasekaran Vijayalakshmi , Kanamma Shantha , Dhinakaran Shanthi , Kalaiselvi Jikki
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine the instrument preference among obstetricians practicing operative vaginal deliveries and to determine the prevalence and risks of vacuum or forceps Assisted Vaginal Delivery (AVD).

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in ACS Medical and Hospital, Chennai. A total of 520 obstetricians were included in the study. An online questionnaire was sent to all obstetricians in Chennai. The choice of procedure for specific circumstances, instrument preference [use of vacuum or forceps] and views on the complications encountered in both vacuum and forceps use at vaginal delivery were explored. For the replies, we computed means and percentages for the entire group and distinct subgroups. Risk assessment of outcome with exposure as suitable p-value was included in the statistical analysis.

Results: Response rate for the questionnaire was 97% (504/520). The findings suggest that obstetricians preference was more towards vacuum due to their ease of usage.   Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Failed vacuum due to slipping of the cup was the most common complication faced - 62%, followed by caput succedaneum 25%, both were statistically significant. The most significant finding was that maternal injuries in the vacuum group were only 2% which was way less than those who had forceps delivery (68%) with a p-value of < 0.001.

Conclusion: In this research, physician instrument choice is a significant predictor of results that should be taken into account. Use of vacuum for delivery seemed to be the choice of majority of obstetricians [334 (66%)]. Vacuum extractor rather than forceps for assisted delivery appears to reduce maternal morbidity, whereas neonatal injuries were more common in newborns delivered by vacuum. The choice of instrument should be personalized based on the patient's condition and the obstetrician's experience and expertise.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Cleaning Residue Determination of Tofacitinib Citrate in Tofacitinib Tablets
Authors: Kaleswararao Thaticherla , Suryakala Duvvuri
Published: November 2021

A novel, Specific, and precise RP-HPLC method was developed to determine the residue content of Tofacitinib citrate left on the surface of equipment used in the manufacturing process. The manufacturing equipment considered in assessment of cleaning has been verified and found the tools assembled to the equipment are made up of Stainless steel, Glass, Teflon and plastic. Hence, these surfaces of manufacturing equipment that come in contact with the drug product during manufacturing are considered for evaluation of the cleaning procedure. By developing and validating an analytical method for residue estimation, the manufacturing equipment can be evaluated for efficient cleaning and to release the manufacturing equipment for further intended use by minimizing the cross contaminations. The stationary phase suited for the well separation of components is CAPCELL PAK C18 150 x 4.6 mm, 3 μm; 0.4 % perchloric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 85:15 % v/v is the mobile phase pumped at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min through the column at temperature of 40 ºC. Each run extended for 10 min as the Tofacitinib peak elutes at RT of 5.2 min. The method has been validated successfully for Specificity, Precision, Linearity, Accuracy, Ruggedness and Filter validation of both rinse and swab methods. The LOD, LOQ concentrations found to be 0.006, 0.019 µg/mL for swab method and 0.03 and 0.1 µg/mL for rinse method respectively. The correlation coefficient is 0.999 and method found linear from LOQ to 500% for swab method and LOQ to 200% for rinse method. Solution stability has been established to ensure the test solution get tested within the stable time (4 Days). Based on the filter validation data, it is concluded that PVDF filter is not suitable for cleaning sample analysis and 2 mL sample should be discarded when 0.45 µm Nylon filter is used for cleaning sample analysis.
Social Factors Encumbering Land Title Registration in Tanzania: The Case of Mtwivila and Mkimbizi Wards, Iringa Municipality
Authors: L. Kamomonga Abenance
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to explore social factors impeding land title registration (LTR) in Mtwivila and Mkimbizi Wards, Iringa Municipality. Using the mixed research design, this study employed cross-sectional research to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Questionnaire and interview methods were used to collect primary data. Qualitative data were presented in selected themes and verbatim by interview respondents. Quantitative data were presented in tables, frequencies, percentages and figures then analysed descriptively. The study findings indicated limited awareness among Plot Owners Without Title Deed (POWTD) regarding: the inherent benefits of title deeds, probate and administration, plot allocation procedures, land title registration procedures and the perils of not executing property transfer. This study recommends that allied land professionals in Iringa Municipal council (IMC), Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlement Development (MLHHSD) and other stakeholders should create public awareness, as an immediate intervention measure regarding land title registration.
Kellie Lodging, 23 High Street, Pittenweem, Fife
Authors: Lodge R Anthony
Published: November 2021

The widely held view that Kellie Lodging (23 High Street, Pittenweem) was built as a townhouse for the Earls of Kellie cannot be correct. The stability of burgage plots in this part of the street shows a reliable match with 16th-century archival data, allowing identification of the occupants of the house at the time it was built (c 1585). Drawings made by Reverend John Sime in 1829 reveal a close historical association between this house and its neighbour at 19–21 High Street, demolished soon after his survey. The occupants of both houses were burgesses, living at a time of acute tension in the town between members of the laird class and the merchants. The siting of the houses at the head of Water Wynd, leading directly to the mid shore, reflects a shift in the town’s focus from the defunct religious area in the Augustinian priory towards a trade-oriented zone around the harbour. Kellie Lodging was the first in the street to have a projecting stair-tower, built not just for display but also for protection in dangerous times. It was quickly followed (1590) by the building of 19–21 with its own stair-tower directly abutting that of Kellie Lodging. Sime’s side-by-side plans of the two houses show the simple L-plan house of Kellie Lodging to be a less ambitious structure than 19–21, which had space to incorporate an inner courtyard to the rear. The street frontage symmetry of the two gables, with an unusual abutment of projecting stair-towers, can be read as a display of solidarity and resolution, as the merchants emerged as the dominant force in the burgh.

Canmore ID 34283
Cardiovascular Disease and Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis
Authors: Angelov Ivan , Haas Allen M. , Brock Elizabeth , Luo Lingfeng , Zhao Jing , Smith Benjamin D. , Giordano Sharon H. , Leeper Nicholas J. , Nead Kevin T.
Published: January 2025

Importance

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the leading causes of mortality in the US. Large-scale population-based and mechanistic studies support a direct effect of CVD on accelerated tumor growth and spread, specifically in breast cancer.

Objective

To assess whether individuals presenting with advanced breast cancers are more likely to have prevalent CVD compared with those with early-stage breast cancers at the time of diagnosis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based case-control study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked databases from 2009 to 2020. The analysis was completed from May 2023 to August 2024. Participants were female patients aged at least 66 years diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Cases were matched with controls by breast cancer stage at diagnosis and propensity scores using factors known to be associated with delayed cancer diagnosis.

Exposure

Prevalent CVD prior to breast cancer diagnosis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcome of interest was the odds of locally advanced (T3-4 or N+) or metastatic (M+) breast cancer status at diagnosis.

Results

The full analytic cohort included 19 292 matched individuals, with median (IQR) age 73 (70-79) years, of whom 1676 (8.7%) were Black and 16 681 (86.5%) were White; 9478 individuals (49.1%) had prevalent CVD. Propensity score–matched, multivariable-adjusted models found that individuals with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis had statistically significantly increased odds of prevalent CVD (odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17; P = .007). This association was observed among hormone receptor–positive (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03-1.19; P = .006) but not hormone receptor–negative (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.86-1.21; P = .83) breast cancer. ORs were directionally consistent when separately examining locally advanced (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.17; P = .02) and metastatic (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.94-1.54; P = .15) disease, among all receptor subtypes.

Conclusions and Relevance

This case-control study found that individuals with more advanced breast cancer at diagnosis were more likely to have prevalent CVD. This finding may be specific to hormone receptor–positive and ERBB2-negative (formerly HER2) disease. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and investigate interventions to improve patient outcomes, including personalized cancer screening.
Prevalence of Dementia Among US Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Vivanti Giacomo , Lee Wei-Lin , Ventimiglia Jonas , Tao Sha , Lyall Kristen , Shea Lindsay L.
Published: January 2025

This cohort study evaluates the prevalence of dementia diagnoses among US adults with autism spectrum disorder.
Transplant-Free Salvage Therapy for Low-Risk Relapsed Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Hoppe Bradford S. , Milgrom Sarah A. , Renfro Lindsay A. , Wu Yue , Schwartz Cindy L. , Constine Louis S. , McCarten Kathleen M. , Kelly Kara M. , Hodgson David , Castellino Sharon M. , Keller Frank G.
Published: January 2025

This nonrandomized clinical trial reports outcomes for children with low-risk relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma treated with second-line chemotherapy and involved-field radiotherapy without autologous stem cell transplant.
Neoadjuvant GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Sleep Surgery
Authors: Cheong Ryan Chin Taw , Pang Kenny Peter
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint examines the potential role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant glucagon-like peptide–1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist therapy in improving surgical outcomes for patients with obstructive sleep apnea and obesity.
Social Determinants of Health and Suicide-Related Outcomes
Authors: Na Peter Jongho , Shin Jeonghyun , Kwak Ha Rim , Lee Jaewon , Jester Dylan J. , Bandara Piumee , Kim Jim Yong , Moutier Christine Y. , Pietrzak Robert H. , Oquendo Maria A. , Jeste Dilip V.
Published: January 2025

Importance

Preventing suicide is one of the top priorities in public health policy. Identifying key social determinants of health (SDOH) in suicide risk is critical for informing clinical practices, future research, and policy solutions to prevent suicide.

Objective

To examine the associations of SDOH with suicide-related outcomes.

Data Sources

Studies published before July 2023 were searched through PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science. The date of the search was August 4, 2023.

Study Selection

We included the most up-to-date meta-analyses reporting associations between SDOH and suicide-related outcomes.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Three independent reviewers extracted data and conducted quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes of interest were suicide mortality, suicide attempt, and suicidal ideation.

Results

A total of 46 meta-analyses met inclusion criteria. For suicide mortality, justice system–involved individuals in the community, exposure to others’ and parental suicide, firearm accessibility, divorce, experience in foster care, release from incarceration, and midlife (age 35-65 years) unemployment were the SDOH with consistently strong effects. Individuals released from incarceration demonstrated a high prevalence of suicide mortality (114.5 per 100 000 persons). With regard to suicide attempt, experience of childhood abuse and maltreatment and sexual assault, gender and sexual minority status, and parental suicide mortality were the strongest risk factors. The prevalence of suicide attempt among homeless individuals (28.9%; 95% CI, 21.7%-37.2%) and incarcerated female youths (27%; 95% CI, 20%-34%) and adults (12.2%; 95% CI, 7.1%-17.2%) was high. For suicidal ideation, identification as bisexual and intimate partner violence in women were the strongest risk factors. The prevalence of lifetime suicidal ideation in homeless individuals was 41.6% (95% CI, 28.6%-56.0%). Protective factors associated with reduced risk of suicide mortality were religious affiliation and being married. School connectedness showed protective associations against suicide attempt and suicidal ideation.

Conclusions and Relevance

Tailoring interventions and future research for identified priority subpopulations, such as justice system–involved individuals in the community, and implementing policy measures addressing the SDOH that showed strong associations with suicide mortality, attempts, and ideation, such as gun licensing requirements, are critical to counteracting social and environmental forces that increase suicide risk.
IFNγ and TNFα drive an inflammatory secretion profile in cancer‐associated fibroblasts from human non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Koppensteiner Lilian , Mathieson Layla , Neilson Liam , O'Connor Richard A. , Akram Ahsan R.
Published: January 2025

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the dominant nonmalignant component of the tumour microenvironment (TME). CAFs demonstrate a high level of inter‐ and intra‐tumour heterogeneity in solid tumours, though the drivers of CAF subpopulations are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient‐derived CAFs upregulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL6, LIF, IL33, GM‐CSF, IL1ra) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL20, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11) in response to in vitro co‐culture with anti‐CD3/anti‐CD28‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via IFNγ and TNFα. Furthermore, T‐cell‐derived IFNγ inhibits CXCL12 secretion by CAFs in vitro. Our results highlight the ability of T‐cell effector cytokines to modulate the CAF secretome in NSCLC.
3D Shape Control of Printed Micro‐Electrodes with Substrate Reshaping
Authors: Martí‐Jerez E. , Fernández‐Pradas J. Marcos , Serra P. , Duocastella M.
Published: December 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques based on liquid precursors, including inkjet printing or laser‐induced forward transfer (LIFT), are emerging as the tool‐of‐choice for the on‐demand fabrication of printed electronic devices on flat and flexible substrates. However, the aspect ratio of the printable structures, which is key for determining electrical properties, is typically determined by the wettability between printed ink and substrate. Higher aspect‐ratio structures can only be achieved by multi‐pass printing, with the consequent loss of fabrication throughput and increase in complexity. Here, these issues are addressed by using print‐n‐release, a method based on printing micro‐electrodes on pre‐stretched elastomeric substrates. Upon stress release, the liquid‐printed electrodes shrink while increasing their aspect‐ratio. As a result, their final shape can be tailored beyond the limitations imposed by wetting constraints, enabling intentional miniaturization by design. The principle and practical implementation of print‐n‐release are described, and show how electrodes with up to an 8 fold increase in aspect‐ratio and a 4 fold reduction in sheet resistance can be produced in a single‐pass compared to traditional printing methods. As a proof‐of‐concept, functional interdigitated electrodes that serve as sensors for drop volume and electrolyte concentration, delivering enhanced sensitivity and a reduced footprint not achievable with standard printing techniques are fabricated.
CMOS‐Compatible HfOx‐Based Radiation Hardening Component for Neuromorphic Computing Applications
Authors: Chang Yao‐Feng , Huang Yifu , Chung Chin‐Han , Chen Ying‐Chen
Published: January 2025

HfOx‐based resistive random‐access‐memory (ReRAM) devices (TiN/Ti/HfOx/RuOx/TiN) are fabricated by CMOS‐compatible materials (ruthenium (Ru)) and lithography‐lite process, potentially enabling a maskless, etching‐free process that can be implemented in the low earth orbit (LEO), the International Space Station (ISS), and commercial LEO destinations (CLDs). The devices met the requirements for qualified manufacturers list verification (QMLV) and radiation hardness assurance (QMLV‐RHA), as well as Advanced Next Generation Strategic Radiation, hardened Memory (ANGSTRM), which potentially support LEO, medium earth orbit, and geosynchronous orbit missions. Specifically, after a 5‐Mrad total ionizing dose (TID) test, the electrical characterized results showed non‐degradation performance, memory window ≈40 with operation power <   mW, capability of >  000‐times endurance and 15‐year retention. The Ruthenium oxide (RuOx) can serve as a photon‐absorb sink to reduce the switching layer damage caused by heating induced by radiation, supported by Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, the neural network by HfOx/RuOx‐based ReRAM device is trained with the inference accuracy at various TIDs for a potential neuromorphic hardware system demonstration. The results show that HfOx/RuOx‐based ReRAM neuromorphic computing is quite robust as a radiation‐hardened structure, providing a development path to realize programmable computing chip tolerance under irradiation.
Application and residual effects of poultry litter biochar on cropping system yields
Authors: Freitas A. M. , Nair V. D. , Sollenberger L. E. , Harris W. G. , Rodriguez A. N.
Published: December 2024

Animal manures such as poultry litter supply plant‐available phosphorus (P), but P loss can occur following manure application to crops, particularly in sandy soils. The transformation of poultry litter biochar (PLB) reduces P losses upon application to crops while providing essential plant nutrients. Our objectives were to evaluate: (1) the effects of PLB on crop yields when applied at the same total P rate as inorganic P fertilizer and (2) the residual effect of previous‐year PLB and inorganic P fertilization on crop yield at two locations with different soil types (Entisols and Spodosols). Inorganic P, PLB, and no‐P treatments were allocated to six replicates of a randomized complete block design at each location. The cropping system was sequential plantings of rye, corn, and sorghum each year for 2 years. The residual effect of P application was quantified in Year 2 when first‐year PLB and inorganic P plots were subdivided, with half receiving no additional P and half receiving the same P application as the previous year. After each crop was harvested, crop yield, nitrogen (N) and P levels in plant tissue, and the soil phosphorus storage capacity were determined. PLB supported either similar or significantly greater cumulative biomass yields compared with inorganic P fertilization at the two locations. The effect of residual PLB on yield varied with the location and crop, highlighting the importance of soil type and management practices in optimizing the benefits of this amendment.
Quinoa productivity and quality under irrigated conditions through crop establishment methods in Pakistan
Authors: Hanif Muhammad Kashif , Afzal Irfan
Published: December 2024

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is gaining global recognition for its nutritional benefits and adaptability to various environments. However, there is limited data on how different planting methods affect the productivity and quality of quinoa genotypes with varying panicle shapes, especially under irrigated conditions. We hypothesized that different crop establishment techniques influence the performance of quinoa genotypes in terms of phenology, weeds, growth, and yield aiming to enhance both yield and grain quality. To test this, a 2‐year field experiment (2021–2022 and 2022–2023) was conducted at Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The experiment used split‐plot design with three replications incorporating three sowing methods in main plots: ridge sowing (RS), line sowing (LS), and broadcasting (BC) and three quinoa genotypes with different panicle architectures: UAF‐Q7 (intermediate), Line‐105 (glomerulate), and Line‐22 (amarantiform) in subplots. Results indicated that LS method improved morphological and yield attributes like stem thickness, terminal panicle length and weight, grain yield, 1000‐grain weight, and biological yield compared to RS and BC. Among genotypes, Line‐105 showed superior performance in morphology, biomass, and yield, while UAF‐Q7 had higher grain protein content. Panicle number per plant showed positive correlation with terminal panicle weight, grain yield, 1000‐grain weight, and harvest index. LS also resulted in highest crop growth rate and grain quality. The study suggests that LS is a better planting technique and Line‐105 is a suitable genotype for achieving high grain yield under irrigated conditions.
Navigating Liminality in Evolving Forensic Anthropology Professionalism
Authors: Boyd Donna C.
Published: December 2024

Emerging aspects of professionalism within forensic anthropology, while enhancing the scientific foundation and practice for the discipline, have created liminalistic spaces and experiences in education and training, employment, ethics, and identities that reflect the broader transitional status in the discipline as a whole. These liminal states and problems are discussed in terms of their creation, development, and potential for resolution. They are interpreted within a liminal framework which requires navigation through significant changes in roles, status, and identity in forensic anthropology practice. Recommendations for mitigating the identified deficiencies, ambiguities, and frustrations they produce include expansion of educational training, certification, employment options, and roles and responsibilities, as well as adherence to standards and recognition and promotion of self‐care. Successful navigation of these issues will lead to a stronger future for both the discipline and the practitioner.
Disrupted brain networks underlying high‐fidelity memory retrieval in subjective cognitive decline: A task‐based fMRI study
Authors: Tang Wei , Zeng Qinghe , Xie Kaiqi , Cui Xiaoyu , Jin Xinhu , Han Ying , Li Juan
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is linked to memory complaints and disruptions in certain brain regions identified by molecular imaging and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. However, it remains unclear how these regions interact to contribute to both subjective and potential objective memory issues in SCD.

METHODS

To address this gap, task‐based imaging studies are essential. The Mnemonic Similarity Task assessed high‐fidelity retrieval meanwhile MRI data measured group differences in activation and functional connectivity (FC) (calculated by generalized psychophysiological Interaction) between SCD individuals and normal controls.

RESULTS

Worse high‐fidelity retrieval in SCD was associated with hypoactivation in the hippocampus, hyperactivation in the control network (CN), and reduced FC between the hippocampus and CN. The angular gyrus (AG) partially drives this disconnection.

DISCUSSION

This study confirms objective cognitive deficits in SCD and highlights the AG's failure to integrate, addressing a gap in the literature that has primarily focused on the hippocampus and CN.

Highlights

Objective high‐fidelity retrieval deficits detected in older adults with SCD.

Dysfunctional neural activations within retrieval networks impair memory accuracy.

Reduced task‐based FC drives high‐fidelity retrieval deficits.

The SCD‐related disruption of integrative function partly explains such deficits.

Future studies may benefit from inspections on obstruction in cognitive process.
Highly Sensitive LC–MS/MS Method for Determination of Dexamethasone in Rat Plasma and Brain Tissue: An Application to Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats
Authors: Bestha Rama Murthi , Zakkula Ashok , Keerthana Madipelli , Kaddare Sandeep , Veerla Niranjan , Mullangi Ramesh , Dittakavi Sreekanth
Published: December 2024

A highly sensitive and rapid LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of dexamethasone in rat plasma and brain tissue. Protein precipitation method was used for sample preparation. The separation of dexamethasone and the IS (labetalol) was achieved on an Atlantis dC18 column using an isocratic mobile phase (10 mM ammonium formate and acetonitrile, 25/75, v/v) delivered at 0.7 mL/min flow‐rate. Dexamethasone and the IS were eluted at 1.03 and 1.06 min, respectively. The MS/MS transitions monitored were m/z 393.100 → 373.100 (dexamethasone) and 329.100 → 91.100 (IS). Method validation was performed as per FDA guidelines and all parameters met the acceptance criteria. The assay was validated with a quantification range of 0.05–1046 ng/mL in both matrices. The intraday and interday precision for were in the range of 2.62–7.28 and 2.76%–6.98% and 2.24–6.85 and 2.97%–6.37%, in plasma and brain tissue, respectively. Dexamethasone was stable in a series of stability conditions in both matrices. Post‐intravenous administration to rats, dexamethasone concentrations in plasma and brain tissue were quantifiable up to 24 and 10 h, respectively. Dexamethasone half‐life was ~2.30 h. Dexamethasone exhibited low clearance and moderate volume of distribution in plasma but in brain tissue the clearance and volume of distribution were high.
Dynamic Metabolic Characterization of Lung Tissues in Rats Exposed to Whole‐Thorax Irradiation Based on GC‐MS
Authors: Wang WenLi , Gu Liming , Hong Xiedong , Gao Zhipiao , Liu Shanghai , Ren Yifan , Wang Yun , Tian Lang , Wang Chang
Published: December 2024

An animal model of radiation‐induced lung injury (RILI) was established using female rats given sublethal whole‐thorax X‐ray irradiation (15 Gy) at a dose rate of 2.7 Gy/min. The rats were studied for up to day 45 and compared with sham‐irradiated controls. Time‐series lung tissue samples during the progression of RILI were collected for dynamic metabolomics studies based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Differential metabolites associated with radiation‐induced lung injury were identified, followed by metabolite set enrichment analysis to uncover pathway changes in RILI. The results revealed dynamic metabolic alterations in the progression of RILI, primarily involving in glycine and serine metabolism, the urea cycle, the Warburg effect, glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, glucose‐alanine cycle, and ammonia recycling. In addition, the potential panel of biomarkers including taurine, lysine, and tyrosine of RILI was selected and then applied to evaluate the diagnostic potential for RILI based on the receiving operator characteristic curve (ROC) at the early‐stage of RILI. The better sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy indicate the potential of early diagnosis for RILI. These findings suggest that dynamic metabolomics data could provide new insights into understanding the complex metabolic dysregulation underlying RILI, facilitating the selection of biomarkers for early diagnosis.
Simultaneous Determination of Vitamins A and E and Their Generated Metabolites in Human Serum by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Jia Yongjuan , Liu Xingli , Liu Chunran , Chen Yongmei , Li Wei
Published: December 2024

In the context of personalized and precision medicine, simultaneous monitoring of different forms of vitamins A and E and their metabolites could help us better understand the status of vitamins A and E in the body. The aim of this study was to establish a method for simultaneous determination of 13 kinds of vitamins A and E and their metabolites in human serum. Serum samples were directly detected by LC–MS/MS after deproteinization. Chromatographic and mass spectrometry parameters were optimized to achieve good separation and sensitivity for these analytes, especially for isomers. Finally, all analytes were effectively separated on Kinetex biphenyl stationary phase. The method covered a large profile of vitamins A and E and their metabolites in a run time only of 10 min. Good linearities were achieved in the quantitative range for each analyte with the correlation coefficients higher than 0.9916. The recoveries were in the range of 78.8%–111.6% with the intraday and interday precisions within 9.6%. This method was simple, sensitive, and accurate and had been successfully applied for the determination of vitamins A and E and their metabolites in human serum samples and could provide technical support for clinical nutritional evaluation of these vitamins.
Mainshock–aftershock seismic fragility assessment of civil structures: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Rashid Muhammad , Nishio Mayuko
Published: December 2024

Sequential seismic events occur worldwide, which impose significant threats to the safety and serviceability of Civil infrastructure, especially buildings and bridges. Fragility functions are imperative to support decision‐making tools for potential seismic risk identification and its impact on structural performance during sequential earthquakes. The increasing number of publications shows a notable increase in interest among researchers and the scientific community in this domain. This study presents a systematic review of available resources and techniques for structural performance and fragility evaluation subjected to mainshock–aftershock seismic loading. Efforts have been made to focus on the salient features of various approaches rather than criticizing the mathematical frameworks and associated analysis approaches. Existing knowledge related to the effect of sequential seismic loading on buildings and bridge infrastructures and their fragility estimates is presented concisely. The paper concludes by detailing the opportunities for future developments in the fragility analysis of Civil infrastructure under sequential seismic hazard. This would encourage stakeholders and decision‐makers to put into practice their applications for risk mitigation, recovery planning, and well‐informed decision‐making.
Mixed Convective and Nonuniform Internal Heat Generation Effect on Hydromagnetic Micropolar Fluid Flowing Across a Permeable Stretchy Wall: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Oderinu R. A. , Ayanbukola F. J. , Alao S. , Sanusi B. A. , Oyeyinka T. A.
Published: January 2025

The quest to efficiently manage heat generation/absorption in industries, such as chemical production, mechanical machines, oil exploration, and aeronautical engineering, is in high demand. This study is conducted to examine the impacts of internal heat generation/absorption as well as unsteady mixed convection of the micropolar fluid through a permeable channel. The formulated nonlinear fundamental equations converted from partial differential equation to ordinary differential equation are numerically analyzed and solved using the Laguerre Collocation Method along with Gauss–Lobatto points. To verify the simulation's accuracy, validation is performed via shooting technique with the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method acting as the control method with the aid of Mathematica 11.0 software. The behavior of the flow was influenced by various physical parameters, which were analyzed using plots and tables. Impacts of skin friction, Sherwood number, and Nusselt number are evaluated. The findings reveal that an improvement in the micropolar term leads to an enhancement in temperature and velocity while angular momentum declines. Additionally, it was revealed that an increase in nonuniform heat generation parameters, magnetic term, and Eckert number improves the temperature profile, while the greater Grashof number results in an enhancement in the velocity profile.
Application of an Innovative Embedding and Cooling Component in the Critical Steps of Fragmented Tissue Pathological Diagnosis
Authors: Huang Xin , Wang Yuhuan , Ye Meihua , Fang Qingquan
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to explore the application value of an innovative embedding and cooling component in the critical steps of fragmented tissue pathological diagnosis. Eighty small and fragmented tissue samples were collected and randomly divided into two groups. The embedding qualification rate and embedding efficiency were compared between the two groups. Seventy cases of fragmented tissue were collected, with three pieces of fragmented tissue taken from each case. The samples were randomly divided into three groups for sectioning. The wrinkle‐free scores and sectioning efficiency were compared between different cooling methods. The embedding qualification rate was 90.0% in the embedding tweezer group, which was lower than 98.8% in the innovative component group (χ2 = 4.24, p < 0.05). The average embedding time per sample was 25.08 ± 4.61 s in the embedding tweezer group, which was significantly longer than the 16.69 ± 3.54 s in the innovative component group (t = 12.91, p < 0.001). The wrinkle‐free section scores were 8.24 ± 0.69 in the small ice block cooling group, 8.11 ± 0.74 in the freezing platform cooling group, and 8.85 ± 0.65 in the innovative component cooling group, with the innovative component cooling group scoring significantly higher than the other two groups (q = 7.40, 8.98, p < 0.01). The innovative component cooling group had a shorter average sectioning time than the other two groups (q = 3.12, 26.75, p < 0.05, 0.01). The use of the innovative embedding and cooling component optimizes the embedding and sectioning steps in the pathological diagnosis of fragmented tissue. This method is worthy of promotion and application.
A New Marine Epizoic Diatom, Ceratanaulus alaris sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), From Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the Southwest Coast of China
Authors: Huang Longjia , Sun Lin , Liang Junrong , Gao Yahui , Chen Changping
Published: December 2024

Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) are diverse and abundant microalgae, and many of them are found in marine intertidal environments. Here, we present a new marine epizoic diatom isolated from Euspira gilva Philippi in intertidal area of Beihai city, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, named Ceratanaulus alaris L.J. Huang, Y.H. Gao & C.P. Chen sp. nov. Using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), we observed and described the morphology of C. alaris in detail. The valve center of C. alaris features a rimoportula with an external tube. The most notable characters in C. alaris are wing‐like structures on both sides of the central tube. These structures extend from the central tube to the horn‐like protrusions at the valve apices, with fissures evenly distributed on the wing‐like structures. In this study, we compared the morphological structures of the new species with other species in the genus Ceratanaulus Górecka, Witkowski, Dabek & Ashworth, enhancing the understanding of the ultrastructure of C. alaris and facilitating the differentiation of this species from closely related taxa. The genus, Ceratanaulus, is newly recorded in China, thereby expanding the known geographical distribution of the genus.
Shifting Patterns of Ethiopian MAM Rainfall: Effects of Sea Surface Temperature and Atmospheric Circulation (1981–2022)
Authors: Waza Mulualem Abera , Zhu Weijun , Teshome Asaminew
Published: January 2025

Understanding seasonal rainfall patterns and variability is crucial for managing water resources, pastoral and agricultural activities in Ethiopia, an especially climate‐vulnerable country. This study examines trends in March–April–May (MAM) rainfall from 1981 to 2022, emphasising the relationships between climate indices, atmospheric circulation patterns, and variations in precipitation. By utilising daily CHIRPS rainfall data and monthly sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure (SLP) and other reanalysis datasets, we applied extreme indices analysis, correlation analysis and Student's t‐tests to compare climate factors and rainfall during two distinct periods 1(981–2001 and 2002–2022) and assess changes relative to the 1991–2020 long‐term mean. Our findings reveal a notable shift towards warmer sea surface temperature (SST) phases in key ocean basins, with significant positive correlations (r > 0.45, p < 0.05) between Ethiopian MAM rainfall and SSTs in the Mediterranean, Northwest Pacific, Northern Atlantic and Western Indian Ocean. Precipitation patterns shifted from above‐average to below‐average rainfall, aligning with opposite trends in the tropical central Indian Ocean. A long‐term trend analysis revealed a marked decrease in rainy days across northeast, east, central, south and southeastern Ethiopia during 2002–2022, with an increase in consecutive dry days and a decrease in consecutive wet days, with statistical significance at the 95% confidence level. The period from 2002 to 2022 was characterised by La Niña‐like conditions and a negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which had a considerable impact on rainfall patterns. Changes in large‐scale atmospheric circulation reduced moisture transport to Ethiopia, leading to drier conditions. These findings enhance our understanding of Ethiopian rainfall variability and its drivers, crucial for improving early warning systems and developing climate adaptation strategies in the region.
Turbulent mixing layers and associated diffusive fluxes across the epilimnion and metalimnion in stratified large Lake Biwa
Authors: Homma Hikaru , Masunaga Eiji , Ostrovsky Ilia , Yamazaki Hidekatsu
Published: December 2024

Stratification and turbulent mixing have an immense impact on biogeochemical regimes and ecosystem dynamics in stratified large lakes. This study investigates the physical properties of the epi‐ and metalimnion of Lake Biwa (Japan), focusing on the persistent vertical diffusive fluxes due to turbulent mixing in the lower metalimnion and their effects on upward nitrate transport. We conducted 24‐h observations at an offshore station in the summer for three consecutive years to examine the temporal and vertical variations of stratification and turbulence. A mooring system provided long‐term data on stratification and current velocity, while thermal profiles along two offshore transects were collected to investigate lateral changes. Our findings revealed strong stratification in the upper metalimnion, where vertical diffusive fluxes were essentially suppressed. Distinct turbulent mixing layers were identified near the water surface and within the moderately stratified lower metalimnion. Field data and numerical model suggested that the turbulence in the lower metalimnion was driven by shear instability, straining, and/or wave–wave interactions linked with the persistent internal waves that occur even during weak winds. Vertical eddy diffusivity of > 10−5 m2 s−1 in the lower metalimnion was associated with rather strong turbulence, which has not been reported in other large lakes. The elevated turbulence resulted in an upward nitrate flux of 0.2 mmol N m−2 d−1 across the lower metalimnion, indicating that the upward nutrient transport could support primary productivity and play an important ecological role in deep stratified lakes.
Synthesis of Controlled Chain Length Formyl Oligo‐p‐Phenylenes, Studies of Physical and Cellular Imaging Behavior
Authors: Bag Kingshuk , Jayaraman Narayanaswamy
Published: December 2024

Synthesis of chain length‐controlled oligo‐p‐phenylenes, formylation through post‐functionalization, photophysical and biochemical properties are described herein. Synthesis of oligo‐p‐phenylene oligomers with controlled chain length is facilitated by using multivalent dendritic PdII catalysts. Suzuki–Miyaura oligomerization of bromo/iodophenylboronic acids in H2O:THF (3:1) solutions, mediated by one to three generations of poly(propyl ether imine) (PETIM) dendritic catalysts, leads to oligomers with degree of polymerization (DP) 14–26. Upon synthesis, the oligomers are subjected to formylation with the aid of Vilsmeier–Haack reaction. The resulting formylated oligomers are soluble in organic solvents and aqueous solutions, thereby permitting a series of studies to be conducted solution. A Stokes shift of ~70 nm occurs in the emission spectrum of the formylated oligomer (λem = 470; λem = 340) and a quantum yield of 12% in MeOH solution. The particle sizes vary between 100 nm in MeOH and 410 nm in 25% MeOH in water solution. The functionalized oligomers show morphological features, primarily consisting of twisted rod‐like morphologies. The cytotoxicities of functionalized oligomer with DP14 are adjudged to be 85 and 105 μg mL−1 in HEK293 and HeLa cells. The emission behavior of the functionalized oligo‐p‐phenylenes is taken advantage to assess the cellular imaging properties of HEK293 and HeLa cells.