bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of climate communication activities by scientists: what is known and necessary?
Authors: Wijnen Frances , Strick Madelijn , Bos Mark , van Sebille Erik
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Climate scientists and others are urged to communicate climate science in a way that non-scientific audiences can understand, that makes it more relevant to their lives and experiences, and that inspires them to act. To achieve this, climate scientists undertake a range of climate communication activities to engage people with climate change. With the effort and time spent on climate communication activities comes the need to evaluate the outcomes, impact, and effectiveness of such efforts. Here, we aimed to gain insight into the impact and effectiveness of climate communication efforts by scientists by conducting a systematic literature review. However, our most important finding is that there are hardly any studies in which climate communication activities by scientists are evaluated: we found only seven articles over the past 10 years. We analyze these articles for the role of the scientists, the audiences reached, and the reported outcomes and impact of the activities. We end our study with several recommendations that should be considered when setting up studies on evaluating the impact of climate communication activities by scientists.
INFERNO-peat v1.0.0: a representation of northern high-latitude peat fires in the JULES-INFERNO global fire model
Authors: Blackford Katie R. , Kasoar Matthew , Burton Chantelle , Burke Eleanor , Prentice Iain Colin , Voulgarakis Apostolos
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Peat fires in the northern high latitudes have the potential to burn vast amounts of carbon-rich organic soil, releasing large quantities of long-term stored carbon to the atmosphere. Due to anthropogenic activities and climate change, peat fires are increasing in frequency and intensity across the high latitudes. However, at present they are not explicitly included in most fire models. Here we detail the development of INFERNO-peat, the first parameterization of peat fires in the JULES-INFERNO (Joint UK Land Environment Simulator INteractive Fire and Emission algoRithm for Natural envirOnments) fire model. INFERNO-peat utilizes knowledge from lab and field-based studies on peat fire ignition and spread to be able to model peat burnt area, burn depth, and carbon emissions, based on data of the moisture content, inorganic content, bulk density, soil temperature, and water table depth of peat. INFERNO-peat improves the representation of burnt area in the high latitudes, with peat fires simulating on average an additional 0.305×106 km2 of burn area each year, emitting 224.10 Tg of carbon. Compared to Global Fire Emissions Database version 5 (GFED5), INFERNO-peat captures ∼ 20 % more burnt area, whereas INFERNO underestimated burning by 50 %. Additionally, INFERNO-peat substantially improves the representation of interannual variability in burnt area and subsequent carbon emissions across the high latitudes. The coefficient of variation in carbon emissions is increased from 0.071 in INFERNO to 0.127 in INFERNO-peat, an almost 80 % increase. Therefore, explicitly modelling peat fires shows a substantial improvement in the fire modelling capabilities of JULES-INFERNO, highlighting the importance of representing peatland systems in fire models.
Lesser Antilles Seismotectonic Zoning Model for Seismic Hazard Assessment
Authors: Foix Oceane , Mazzotti Stéphane , Jomard Hervé , Bertil Didier ,   the Lesser Antilles Working Group
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Subduction zones pose a considerable challenge within the realm of seismotectonics, owing to their faults and structures interactions. The Lesser Antilles arc is a good example of how these complexities impact seismic hazard studies with a strong along-strike variations in tectonic, seismic, and volcanic activities. While they have generated significant damages, the 1839 and 1843 event characteristics (locations, depths, mechanisms, magnitudes) remain a subject of debate along with their potential implications in the megathrust seismicity, in particular in the frame of low interseismic coupling. This study is grounded in the compilation of instrumental and historical seismicity, and fault catalogs, completed by analyses of focal mechanisms and rupture types as well as geodetic velocities and strain rates. The seismotectonic model and zoning of the Lesser Antilles encompass the upper plate, subducting oceanic plate, subduction interface, mantle wedge, and volcanoes. We propose a better depth resolution, resulting from recent studies on slab top and upper plate bottom geometries, a specific area source for the Marie-Galante graben, new propositions for mantle wedge and volcanic zoning, and fully revised area sources for the subduction interface. Our study highlights specific needs for a better seismic hazard assessment in this region.
Assessment of Hydrological Changes in Godavari River Basin Under the Impacts of El-Niño
Authors: Thakur Chandni , Kasiviswanathan Kasiapillai Sudalaimuthu , Teutschbein Claudia , Soundharajan Bankaru-Swamy , Diwan Mohaideen M M , Budamala Venkatesh
Published: April 2024

Abstract. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most prominent driver of the inter-annual variability of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). This study focuses on understanding the hydrological variations in Godavari River Basin (GRB) due to the weakening of ISMR during El Niño years (1980–2008), using the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model. The entire basin was discretized into 1325 uniform grids of resolution 0.15°×0.15° (about 16.65 km), and hydrological parameters of the basin were analysed at each grid level for various El Niño events. Based on the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), El Niño events occurred in the past were subclassified into weak (2004 and 2006), moderate (1986, 1994 and 2002), strong (1987 and 1991) and very strong (1982, 1987) events. For this study, VIC model was run for the period 1980–2008 and a composite of El Niño and normal years (1981, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1996, 2001 and 2003) was prepared to assess the impacts of El Niño events on the hydrology of GRB. Our results showed a negative correlation of precipitation, abstractions and soil moisture with the increasing magnitude of El Niño events. The quantum of precipitation was reduced during El Niño years compared to normal years, which showed the basin's exposure to more frequent droughts during El Niño events.
Flood impact assessment in urban settings with porous buildings – insights from a fine-scale hydraulic-economic model
Authors: Nortes Martinez David , Grelot Frédéric , Choley Cécile , Finaud-Guyot Pascal
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Classical hydraulic approaches of urban floods consider buildings as obstructions to water flow, without considering the flow exchanges between streets and buildings. Since the hydraulic behavior within the building is not considered, there exists a gap on the available information regarding the fine characterization of material damage and human exposure within buildings. Because of this gap, damage estimation usually assumes that the floodwater depths inside and outside the buildings are the same. However, as flood damage functions are very elastic with respect to floodwater depth, especially in the lower values, relatively small differences in water depth can lead to large differences in the assessment of material damage. Not considering street-building flow exchanges might be introducing a bias in the estimation of property damage. In this paper, we propose to analyse how fine-scale hydraulic and economic modelling approaches considering street-building flows can influence the characterization of material damage at a larger scale (district). To do so, we couple a hydraulic model with an economic model to simulate water depths and to estimate flood damage under: (i) a classical approach using non-porous buildings and (ii) an alternative approach explicitly considering street-building flow exchanges. The results obtained show rather notable differences in floodwater depth and economic damage at both building and district level.
Water scarcity conflicts in a community managed irrigation system in Northern Tunisia: Supporting dialogue and negotiation
Authors: Ferchichi Intissar , Zairi Abdelaziz , Marlet Serge
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Conflict over water resources emerges from complex interactions among biophysical, social, and economic processes operating at multiple scales. The concomitant use of surface and groundwater managed for multiple uses is a classic coping strategy to manage the water scarcity yet a relevant example of such conflict. Managing these resources is thus a dynamic decision-making process involving actors with different perceptions of the situation, who adapt different strategies to satisfy their objectives and interests. This paper presents the results of an effort to address these conflicts through reinforcing the adaptive capacity of different actors to cope with water scarcity in a multi-scale irrigation system. The study site focuses on the irrigated area of Zaouiet Jedidi in Northeast Tunisia. This region is characterized by an intensive irrigated agriculture, mostly through an excessive pumping of groundwater resources. Individual strategies to face the water scarcity are dominating leading to a rapid deterioration of the groundwater resources. Irrigation through individual and informal wells is an example of such strategies. As the demand for agricultural and urban water has concurrently continued to develop, the groundwater has continued to drop. Despite the State's efforts to increase the water supply to the region through the transfer of surface water from the dams of northwestern Tunisia, the overexploitation of groundwater resources exceeded 200 %. A participatory process was implemented to initiate a process of interaction and coordination between the different stakeholders involved in the management of the irrigated area. We analyzed to what extent and by what mechanisms, a participatory problem-solving process can facilitate the emergence of collection action to face the water scarcity.
Analysis of high-resolution rain records in FVG, northeastern Italy
Authors: Arnone Elisa , Treppiedi Dario , Noto Leonardo Valerio
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) region, northeastern Italy, records the heaviest precipitation annual totals of the country. The region counts on a dense ground-station network constituted by 2 main rain-gauges networks, whose sampling frequency has been progressively increased from 60 up to 1 min step. In this work, we propose a comprehensive analysis of the available dataset of continuous series at high temporal resolution (i.e. 60, 30, 5 and 1 min) to verify whether trends in very short rainfalls are underway. We adopt the quantile regression (QR) method which allows to detect changes in the tails of the rainfall distributions and to screen the whole rainfall time series. At this aim, we first introduce a method to check and correct the continuous series by removing the suspicious outliers, based on references values. Significant increasing trends at 5 % of significant level have been detected on some of the analysed stations.
Uptake by end-users of a PUB approach made available as a Web Service
Authors: Loree Tom , Squividant Hervé , Launay Josette , de Lavenne Alban , Cudennec Christophe
Published: April 2024

Abstract. A consolidated geomorphology-based approach for discharge hydrograph Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB) through deconvolution of discharge signals from gauged donor catchments, their transposition and their convolution towards target outlets, has been made available online to end-users through a Web Service (Web Processing Service Application Programming Interface – WPS API) for the synoptic peninsular region of Brittany, France. In the spirit of hydrological services, the SIMFEN Web Service allows anyone to execute the hydrological modelling online through OGC® interoperability standards; collection of public hydrometric data; connection to a pre-existing Web Service for geomorphometric analysis; and online visualization. Thanks to tangible indicators, we here show how the users' community is actually active in using the Web Service, i.e. in uptaking the recent science-operational translation of a scientific development into a Service.
Temperature-dominated spatiotemporal variability in snow phenology on the Tibetan Plateau from 2002 to 2022
Authors: Xu Jiahui , Tang Yao , Dong Linxin , Wang Shujie , Yu Bailang , Wu Jianping , Zheng Zhaojun , Huang Yan
Published: April 2024

Abstract. A detailed understanding of snow cover and its possible feedback on climate change on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is of great importance. However, spatiotemporal variability in snow phenology (SP) and its influencing factors on the TP remain unclear. Based on the daily gap-free snow cover product (HMRFS-TP) with 500 m resolution, this study investigated the spatiotemporal variability in snow cover days (SCDs), snow onset date (SOD), and snow end date (SED) on the TP from 2002 to 2022. A structural equation model was used to quantify the direct and indirect effects of meteorological factors, geographical location, topography, and vegetation greenness on SP. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of SP on the TP was extremely uneven and exhibited temporal heterogeneity. SP showed vertical zonality influenced by elevation (longer SCD, earlier SOD, and later SED at higher elevations). A total of 4.62 % of the TP area had a significant decrease in SCDs, at a rate of −1.74 d yr−1. The SOD of 2.34 % of the TP area showed a significant delayed trend, at a rate of 2.90 d yr−1, while the SED of 1.52 % of the TP area had a significant advanced trend, at a rate of at −2.49 d yr−1. We also found a strong elevation dependence for the trend in SCDs (R=-0.73). Air temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and shortwave radiation can directly affect SP as well as indirectly affect it by influencing the growth of vegetation, whereas the direct effect was much greater than the indirect effect. Geographical location (latitude and longitude) and topographic conditions (elevation and slope) indirectly affected SP by modulating meteorological conditions and the growth of vegetation. Vegetation primarily influences SP by intercepting the snow and regulating the balance of the solar radiation budget. Regarding the total effect, air temperature was found to be the dominant factor. This study contributes to the understanding of snow variation in response to global warming over the past 2 decades by providing a basis for predicting future environmental and climate changes and their impacts on the TP.
Validation of pan-Arctic soil temperatures in modern reanalysis and data assimilation systems
Authors: Herrington Tyler C. , Fletcher Christopher G. , Kropp Heather
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Reanalysis products provide spatially homogeneous coverage for a variety of climate variables in regions such as the Arctic where observational data are limited. Soil temperatures are an important control of many land–atmosphere exchanges and hydrological processes, and permafrost soils are thawing as the climate warms. However, very little validation of reanalysis soil temperatures in the Arctic has been performed to date, because widespread in situ reference observations have historically been limited there. Here we validate pan-Arctic soil temperatures from eight reanalysis and land data assimilation system products, using a newly assembled database of in situ observations from diverse measurement networks across Eurasia and North America. We examine product performance across the extratropical Northern Hemisphere between 1982 and 2018, and find that most products have soil temperatures that are biased cold by 1–5 K, with an RMSE of 2–9 K, and that biases and RMSE are generally largest in the cold season. Monthly mean values from most products correlate well with in situ data (r>0.9) in the warm season but show lower correlations (r=0.55–0.85) in the cold season. Similarly, the magnitude of monthly variability in soil temperatures is well captured in summer but overestimated by 20 %–50 % for several products in winter. The suggestion is that soil temperatures in reanalysis products are subject to much higher uncertainty when the soil is frozen and/or when the ground is snow covered, suggesting that the representation of processes controlling snow cover in reanalysis systems should be urgently studied. We also validate the ensemble mean of all available products and find that, when all seasons and metrics are considered, the ensemble mean generally outperforms any individual product, in terms of its correlation and variability, while maintaining relatively low biases. As such, we recommend the ensemble mean soil temperature product for a wide range of applications, such as the validation of soil temperatures in climate models, and to inform models that require soil temperature inputs, such as hydrological models.
A TRANSITION PERIOD IN THE CATCHMENT WATER CYCLE SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION
Authors:   State Hydrological Institute, ZHURAVIN A.S. , GUREVICH E.V. ,   State Hydrological Institute, MARKOV M.L. ,   State Hydrological Institute
Published: April 2024

The aspects of adaptating the moisture circulation system at the catchments of small watercourses to climate change based on the observational data from the Kamennaya Step' water balance station are considered. It is demonstrated that the transformation of the moisture circulation system results from the changes in the balance between the groundwater recharge and leakage with a decrease in the contribution of cryogenic factors to the river basin water regime formation. It is suggested that the transition period in the moisture circulation restructuring in river basins can be divided into two periods: with predomination of groundwater recharge and with predomination of its leakage. The length of the transformation phase in the steppe zone depending on the cryogenic factor is about 40 years. The final stabilization of the hydrological regime will depend on setting the groundwater balance under the specific hydrogeological conditions and anthropogenic load.
WATER BALANCE OF BELARUS AND ITS CHANGES DUE TO GLOBAL WARMING
Authors:   Institute for Nature Management, National Science Academy of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus, LYSENKO S.A. , LOGINOV V.F. ,   Institute for Nature Management, National Science Academy of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus, BUYAKOV I.V. ,   Institute for Nature Management, National Science Academy of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus, BROVKA YU.A. ,   Institute for Nature Management, National Science Academy of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
Published: April 2024

Estimates of the water balance components (precipitation, evaporation, zonal and meridional advection of moisture) on the territory of Belarus for the cold (October-March) and warm (April-September) seasons have been obtained on the basis of the balance calculations of precipitation recycling and the ERA5 reanalysis data. It has been shown that the precipitation on the territory of Belarus results from westerlies in 77-84% of cases, from southerlies in 14-20% of cases, and from local evaporation in 2-4% of cases. Annual total precipitation exceeds annual evaporation by 18-30% (the maximum excess is observed in the north, and the minimum is registered in the southeast). During the warm seasons, there is a negative water balance in entire Belarus: evaporation exceeds precipitation by 8-23%. Over the period of global warming, the annual difference between precipitation and evaporation has decreased by 12-15%. The water balance for the warm season has decreased to negative values at the beginning of the current century due to the activation of summer warming. An increase in the amplitude of the water balance fluctuations has been revealed for the cold season, which indicates strengthening climate extremity.
IMPROVING THE REGIME OF OROSHENIYA RISE
Authors:   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Koshkarov S.I. , Bulanbayeva P.U. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Shomantayev A.A. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kalmanova G.K. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kenzhalieva B.T. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: April 2024

Мақалада күріш дақылының тиімді суару режимі қарастырылған. Далалық ғылыми-зерттеу жұмыстары Қарауылтөбе экспериментальді учаскесі күріш ауыспалы егісінде орындалды. Зерттеу жұмысы барысында топырақ пен судың қолайлы тұзды және жылу режимдерін сақтай отырып, күріштің өсуі мен дамуының тиімді физиологиялық көрсеткіштерін қамтамасыз ету мақсатында күріш атызын суға бастырудың оңтайлы көрсеткіштері анықталды. Зерттеу барысында тиімді күріш суару режимін анықтау мақсатында үш нұсқа бойынша жұмыс жүргізілді. Суару жүйесінің мелиоративтік жағдайы көбінесе суармалы жерлердің су режимімен анықталады. Өз кезегінде суармалы жерлердің су режимі өсірілетін ауыл шаруашылық дақылдарының суару режиміне тікелей байланысты. Күріш суару жүйесі үшін бұл маңызды мәселе. Соңғы жылдары осы аймақта су тапшылығы айқын сезілуде. Бұған қоса суармалы желінің пайдалы әсер көрсеткішінің төмендеуі де кері әсерін тигізуде. Судың шығыны басым болуы салдарынан егіс топырағы сортаңданып, дақылдар өнімділігі төмендеді. Осыған орай оңтайлы күріш суару режимін анықтау маңызды мәселе болып табылады. Топырақ сортаңдығы орташа жағдайда тиімді тұз режимі атыздағы суды екі мәрте ғана ауыстырудың қолайлы екені осы зерттеулер көрсетті. Суды жаз бойы төрт мәрте ауыстырудың тұз жағдайының жақсаруына және өнімнің өсуіне қажет емес екенін осы зерттеулер көрсетті. Атыздағы су деңгейін жіті қадағалап, суды жаз бойы екі мәрте ауыстыру жоғары өнімділікті қаматамасыз етті. Осыған қоса мұнда әрбір центнер күріш алуға жұмсалған ылғал мөлшері төмен болды, су барынша тиімді аз пайдаланылды
DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL HERBAGE ON THE MARGINAL STRIPS OF CULTIVATED FIELDS IN THE NORTH KAZAKHSTAN REGION
Authors:   NAO «M. Kozybaev Nortn-Kazakhstan University», Petropavl сity, Kazakhstan, Malitskaya N.V. , Ashirbekov M.Zh. ,   NAO «M. Kozybaev Nortn-Kazakhstan University», Petropavl сity, Kazakhstan, Kantarbaeva E.E. ,   NAO «M. Kozybaev Nortn-Kazakhstan University», Petropavl сity, Kazakhstan, Sereda S.G. ,   «Karaganda Agricultural Experimental Station named after A.F.Khristenko» LLP, Karaganda region, Kazakhstan, Alibekova A.T. ,   NAO "S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University", Ust-Kamenogorsk sity, Kazakhstan
Published: April 2024

Естественного травостоя в условиях ландшафтной колочной лесостепи Северо-Казахстанской области все меньше остается для использования сельскохозяйственными животными, в основном земли распахивают под возделывание полевых культур. Имеются краевые участки полей, на которых произрастают естественные кормовые виды. Сохранить данные участки для производства дополнительного корма является актуальной задачей. Научная новизна исследования в том, что изменения в неровностях почвенного покрова отразились на развитии естественных видов растений, которые изучены в растительных ассоциациях, также определен общий выход кормов с учетом рационального подхода, позволяющего обеспечить потребность крупно-рогатого скота достаточным количеством сбалансированных кормов. Геоботанические обследования показывают видимое влияние линейного роста и обилия видов на урожайность зеленой массы. Получены доминирующие растительные ассоциации в зависимости от крутизны поверхности. Дополнительный источник кормов можно получить с естественного травостоя, расположенного на краевых участках полей. Травы характеризуются обилием видов: (злаковые, бобовые, разнотравье) на множественно-умеренном уровне, линейным ростом 35-55 см, стабильной урожайностью зеленой массы 3-5 ц/га и ее сбалансированностью по выходу кормовых единиц 3,4 ц/га и переваримого протеина 0,46ц/га. Для длительного использования естественного травостоя необходимо поддерживать сенокосный режим, регулировать выпас, также оптимизировать структуру степного природопользования по методу Агростепей
IRRIGATION PROCEDURE (MODE) OF TOMATO GROWN BY THE LOW PRESSURE DRIP IRRIGATION METHOD
Authors:   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kopen M.B. , Otarbaev B.S. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Aldambergenova G.T. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Shomantaev A.A. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Yessembay M.B. ,   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty city, Kazakhstan
Published: April 2024

Presently, the Republic of Kazakhstan, particularly the Kyzylorda region, grapples with a significant water scarcity issue. In light of this, the utilization of the drip irrigation method plays a crucial role in the judicious management of water resources. In regions like Kyzylorda, characterized by pronounced drought conditions, the efficacy of employing a low-pressure drip irrigation system is notably high. This approach results in an augmented land utilization coefficient, savings in material and labor costs, and an enhanced efficiency in the utilization of irrigation water. The implementation of a drip irrigation system contributes to the improvement of soil nutrition, air circulation, and water-physical properties. It mitigates soil erosion risks, ensures optimal water utilization by supplying irrigation water directly to the roots of each plant, and thereby maximizes the plants' water utilization efficiency. The likelihood of achieving abundant, excellent, and consistent harvests from agricultural crops rises. This method offers several advantages compared to alternative irrigation techniques, including reduced labor costs, preservation of the soil's fundamental structure, prevention of surface soil folds, the ability to concurrently apply fertilizers to the root system area, a potential 30-100% increase in crop productivity, a 50-60% decrease in irrigation water usage, and suitability for use in areas with high slopes.
Protein 3D Structure Identification by AlphaFold: a Physics-Based Prediction or Recognition Using Huge Databases?
Authors:   Laboratory of Protein Physics, Institute of Protein Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia, Finkelstein Alexei V
Published: April 2024

The great success of AlphaFold programs poses the questions: (i) What is the main reason for this success? (ii) What AlphaFolds does: physics-based prediction of the spatial structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence or recognition of this structure from similarity of the target sequence to some parts of sequences with already known spatial structures? The answers given here are: (i) the main reason for the AlphaFold’s success is the usage of huge databases which already cover virtually all protein superfamilies existing in Nature; (ii) using these databases, multiple sequence alignments, and coevolutionary information – like correlations of amino acid residues of the contacting chain regions – AlphaFold recognizes a spatial structure by similarity of the target sequence (or its parts) to related sequence(s) with already known spatial structures. We emphasize that this does not diminish the merit and utility of AlphaFold but only explains the basis of its success.
Understanding the Impact of the Dopamine Hypothesis on Schizophrenia
Authors: Stellakis Jelena , Lyrakos Georgios , Pilafas Georgios
Published: April 2024

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder affecting approximately 24 million individuals worldwide, characterised by a variety of symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thinking, and abnormal motor behaviour. The Dopamine Hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that an imbalance in dopamine neurotransmission plays a crucial role in the development of this disorder. Dopamine receptors and their interaction with antipsychotic medication have been extensively studied in the context of schizophrenia. Research has shown that dopamine receptor block is a key mechanism of action for neuroleptic drugs used in treating schizophrenia. Additionally, the NMDA receptor malfunction has been linked to the manifestation of schizophrenia-like symptoms, further supporting the role of neurotransmitter dysfunction in this disorder. The prevalence of schizophrenia is rising globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, emphasising the need for increased awareness and resources for this population. Individuals with schizophrenia often face challenges in coping with daily life and maintaining relationships, impacting their quality of life and overall well-being. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and supportive services are crucial in helping individuals with schizophrenia manage their symptoms and develop coping mechanisms. The Dopamine Hypothesis provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of schizophrenia, highlighting the importance of neurotransmitter dysfunction in the development of this complex disorder. Early intervention and comprehensive support services are essential in improving the outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with schizophrenia.

Keywords: Schizophrenia, Dopamine Hypothesis, Neurotransmitter Dysfunction, Antipsychotic Drugs, NMDA Receptor
Hyperreality to Misery: Migrant’s Worker’s Life in Hossine’s Me Migrant Selected Poems
Authors: Zahra Nesa Fiikhtiyaril , Rositama Whida
Published: April 2024

In this increasingly sophisticated era, people have to fulfil many financial needs. Many people are trapped in poverty and finally decide to work abroad to become migrant workers. This happens because a person's expectations for working abroad are very high, namely a large salary. This research aims to explain that by becoming a migrant worker, many substances must be sacrificed, and the researchers want to inspire the public so that they are not influenced by the hyperreality of the existing media. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with hyperreality theory. Then the data source is Five Me Migrant Works by Md Mukul Hossine. The figurative language includes metaphor, personification, hyperbole, imagery, and symbolism. The research results show that the author talks about feelings of sadness, despair, longing, and loss of family and social life. Migrant workers' hyperreality of high wages is not always commensurate with the suffering they experience.
Factors affecting ChatGPT use in education employing TAM: A Jordanian universities’ perspective
Authors: Alshurideh Muhammad , Jdaitawi Asma , Sukkari Lilana , Al-Gasaymeh Anwar , Alzoubi Haitham M. , Damra Yousef , Yasin Sara , Kurdi Barween Al , Alshurideh Hevron
Published: April 2024

The widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, including ChatGPT, into education, has become a focal point of attention in recent years. This research explores the connections among perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), attitude toward using ChatGPT (ATUC), and intention to use ChatGPT (ITUC) within Jordanian universities. A survey was employed to gather information from 523 university students in Jordan, and the hypotheses were examined using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use positively impacted attitude toward using ChatGPT and intention to use ChatGPT. Attitude toward using ChatGPT positively impacted intention to use ChatGPT. Implications from this research are crucial to provide developers, instructors, and institutions in Jordan with useful information to help them successfully incorporate ChatGPT into the educational process.
Social media marketing to increase customer satisfaction in hospitality industry
Authors: Arevin Ayat Taufik , Hamida Hamida , Nainggola Bonifasius MH
Published: April 2024

The study investigates the impact of product quality and social media marketing on brand loyalty through customer satisfaction in the context of Japanese restaurants in Jakarta. Utilizing primary data from 203 respondents who frequented these restaurants, collected via questionnaires employing purposive sampling, the research employs partial least squares (PLS) analysis through SmartPLS 3.3.3 software. Results indicate direct positive relationships among variables. However, no direct positive relationship was found between product quality or social media marketing and brand loyalty. Instead, both product quality and social media marketing indirectly influence brand loyalty through customer satisfaction. The study highlights direct positive associations between product quality and customer satisfaction, social media marketing and customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Nevertheless, no direct positive link was found between product quality or social media marketing and brand loyalty. The indirect effects reveal that product quality affects brand loyalty through customer satisfaction and social media marketing influences brand loyalty through customer satisfaction as well. These findings underscore the significance of customer satisfaction as a mediator in the relationship between product quality, social media marketing, and brand loyalty in the hospitality industry.
Short video marketing and consumer engagement: Mediation effect of social sharing
Authors: Alghizzawi Mahmoud , Alzghoul Amro , Alhanatleh Hasan , Omeish Fandi , Abdrabbo Tariq , Ezmigna Ibrahim
Published: April 2024

This study aims to examine the complex dynamics of short video marketing, social sharing, and consumer engagement specifically within the tourism sector in Jordan. The study used AMOS software for analysis, gathering data from a total of 468 participants, including both internal and external tourists. The results emphasize the significant impact of short video marketing in stimulating social sharing behaviors among travelers, prompting them to share their experiences on various social platforms, thus expanding the reach of tourism-related content. Moreover, the research reveals the mutual relationship between social sharing and consumer engagement, indicating that sharing behaviors play a crucial role in increasing levels of engagement among tourists. The novelty of this research resides in its concentrated investigation of these associations within the unique context of the Jordanian tourism sector. The study's significance lies in its ability to expand comprehension of digital marketing dynamics in the tourism industry, providing practical insights for marketers seeking to improve brand visibility and engagement in digital spaces. This study enhances the current knowledge base by employing a quantitative approach, establishes a basis for future research endeavors, and offers valuable insights for marketers aiming to maximize the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies.
AI-Driven Energy Management Systems for Smart Buildings.
Authors: Shailesh Kulkarni, Ramswaroop Reddy Yellu, Nidhi Chauhan Balakumar Muniandi, Purushottam Kumar Maurya, CH Bhavani,
Published: April 2024

The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the energy management landscape for smart buildings, offering unparalleled opportunities for optimizing energy consumption, enhancing operational efficiency, and advancing sustainability goals. This paper provides a comprehensive review of AI-driven energy management systems tailored for smart buildings, exploring their multifaceted functionalities, benefits, challenges, and future prospects. [1],[4] By synthesizing existing literature and case studies, this research aims to elucidate the transformative potential of AI in reshaping the way energy is managed and utilized in the built environment. AI-driven energy management systems leverage advanced algorithms, machine learning techniques, and data analytics to intelligently monitor, analyze, and optimize energy usage within smart buildings. These systems integrate diverse components such as sensing devices, data preprocessing modules, optimization algorithms, and control systems to achieve optimal performance. Key functionalities include predictive analytics for energy demand forecasting, adaptive control of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, dynamic lighting management based on occupancy patterns, and integration with renewable energy sources to enhance sustainability. AI enables smart buildings to participate in demand response programs, dynamically adjusting energy consumption in response to grid conditions and pricing signals. This flexibility not only reduces operational costs but also contributes to grid stability and resilience. However, the widespread adoption of AI-driven energy management systems faces several challenges, including data privacy concerns, interoperability issues, and the need for skilled personnel to operate and maintain these sophisticated systems.The paper underscores the importance of AI-driven energy management systems as transformative tools for optimizing energy utilization, improving building performance, and advancing sustainability objectives in the era of smart buildings.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.280
Meningkatnya angka kematian ibu (MMRatio): apakah betul?
Authors: Wirawan Dewa Nyoman
Published: April 2024

Dengan demikian, perlu amat hati-hati bila memakai data SDKI tahun 2012  untuk menentukan pencapaian target MDGs di Indonesia. Penelitian lain yang juga mengukur kematian ibu secara nasional adalah Sensus Penduduk 2010 yang sampai saat ini belum dipublikasikan hasilnya. Ada baiknya MMRatio dari hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 juga dipublikasikan secara transparan disertai ulasan tentang kelemahan-kelemahannya sehingga bisa dikaji oleh berbagai pihak yang pakar di bidangnya.
Risk Factors of Hypertension among Adults in Banyuwangi: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Aripin  , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Adiputra Nyoman
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Hypertension leads to an increase in vulnerability to heart and kidney disease as well as stroke. Although there are numerous studies regarding risk factors of hypertension, many of these are inconclusive. This study aimed to explore risk factors of hypertension among patients at Sempu Public Health Center, Banyuwangi.
Methods: The study design was a case control with 158 samples consisting of 79 cases and 79 controls (1:1). Data were collected by interview using structured and IPAQ questionnaires, as well as through secondary data collated from medical records of patients. Subjects were selected using consecutive sampling technique over the period of February to April 2015. Data were analyzed using bivariate (chi-square test) to determine crude OR and multivariate (logistic regression) to calculate adjusted OR.
Results: Multivariate analysis found that risk factors of hypertension were: low levels of physical activity (OR=24.89; 95%CI: 4.15-149.31), moderate stress (OR=19.72; 95%CI: 4.43-87.62) and heavy stress (OR=32.55; 95%CI: 3.92-270.07). High education levels (≥seniorhigh school-university) found to be protective towards hypertension (OR=0.16; 95%CI: 0.04-0.57). Tobacco use was not found as risk factor of hypertension (OR=0.58; 95%CI: 0.18-1.86).
Conclusions: Low levels of physical activity, moderate stress and severe stress can increase the risk of hypertension of patients at Sempu Public Health Center, Banyuwangi.
Association of Socio Demographic Characteristics and Husband Social Supports to the Participation of Mother in Antenatal Class
Authors: Widiantari Ni Ketut Nopi , Suariyani Ni Luh Putu , Karmaya I Nyoman Mangku
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Antenatal class has been applied in three different health centers located in Denpasar to increase maternal and child health with group learning method about pregnancy, delivery, post natal care, infant care and others. However, attendances of pregnant mothers were low. The aim of this study was to investigate association between mother’s characteristics and husband’s social supports to their participation in attending the antenatal class.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey involving 122 samples. Samples were pregnant mothers whom was selected by systematic random sampling from antenatal registration book. Data were collected by interview conducted in their house or when they were visiting the clinics. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate (chi square test) and multvariate (poisson regression method).
Results: Proportion of mother attended antenatal class in three different health centers was 29.5%. Bivariate analysis showed that variables which associated with mother attendance were parity (p=0.036), husband social support (p=0.001) which include emotional support (p=0.001), instrumental support (p=0.001) and reward. Multivariate analysis showed that the only variable related to mother attendance in the antenatal class was husband social support (PR=2.71; 95%CI: 8.13-90.46).
Conclusions: The attendance of mother in antenatal class in three different clinics were low. Factors that influence the attendance of mother was social support from husband.
Predictors of Loss To Follow Up and Mortality Among Children ≤12 Years Receiving Anti Retroviral Therapy during the First Year at a Referral Hospital in Bali
Authors: Juergens Stefanie , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Wati Ketut Dewi Kumara , Putra I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka , Merati Tuti Parwati
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Many HIV-infected children in Bali have started antiretroviral therapy (ART), but loss to follow up (LTFU) is a continuing concern, and the issue of childhood adherence is more complex compared to adults.
Methods: This was a retrospective study among cohort of 138 HIV+ children on ART in Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali from January 2010 to December 2015. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to describe incidence and median time to LTFU/mortality and Cox Proportional Hazard Model was used to identify predictors. Variables which were analysed were socio-demographic characteristics, birth history, care giver and clinical condition of the children.
Results: Mean age when starting ARV therapy was 3.21 years. About 25% experienced LTFU/death by 9.1 month resulting in an incidence rate of 3.28 per 100 child month. The higher the WHO stage, the higher the risk for LTFU/mortality along with low body weight (AHR=0.90; 95%CI: 0.82-0.99).
Conclusion: Clinical characteristics were found as predictors for LTFU/ mortality among children on ART.
Implementation of quality function deployment to identify priority needs of customers and health providers of child-friendly community health centre
Authors: Ariani Ni Nyoman , Nopiyani Ni Made Sri , Wijaya I Putu Ganda
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: The efforts to increase quality of service is critical in public services. Service providers should be able to identify customer needs and expectations. As one of health providers, community health centre are required to develop mechanisms for identifying needs of customers and staff. Needs assessment of clients and staff at Blahbatuh II Health Centre is never been conducted. This study aims to identify priority needs of customer and staff to improve the quality of service at Blahbatuh II Health Centre.
Methods: A quantitative study was conducted at Blahbatuh II Health Centre. Data was collected through interviews guided by a structured questionnaire. A total of 97 customers were consecutively selected and were interviewed. Eight staff of child-friendly community health centres were purposively recruited. Data was analysed using quality function deployment method and presented in the House of Quality (HoQ) matrix.
Results: There were 16 and 13 expectations from customers and staff respectively. The house of quality matrix showed that respondents ranked several expectations as the most important that include friendly staff, quick and on-time services, and effective treatment. Health staff on the other hand expected the centre to implement performance-based reward system, to provide training program and to follow the standard operating procedures.
Conclusions: Expectations from customers and health staff are different. In order to meet these expectations, health centre should design and implement a quality improvement program to address these diverse quality issues.
Willingness of private general practitioners to refer suspected tuberculosis patients in Badung District
Authors: Dewi Ni Putu Eka Purnama , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Utami Ni Wayan Arya
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: The national tuberculosis (TB) prevalence study showed that between 2013 and 2014 there was significant proportion of pulmonary TB patients received treatment from private healthcare facilities. Data from Bali Province and Badung District Health Offices revealed that of all suspected TB patients only a few were referred by their private general practitioner. A reward system was created in 2012 by providing credit points to every referral made by the private general practitioner. This study aims to examine association between the reward system, national health insurance scheme and willingness to refer suspected TB patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2017. A total of 111 private general practitioners who practice at Badung District were interviewed. In addition, medical record from these private general practitioners were also examined.

Results: Our study found that as many as 55 (45.95%) of private general practitioners had ever referred suspected TB patients over the last year. The total suspected TB patient being reffered in the last year was 132 cases. A cross checking with the laboratory data revealed that only 47 cases (35.61%) presented at referral laboratory facilities. Multivariate analysis showed that the willingness of private general practitioners to refer suspected TB patient was associated to reward system (AOR=4.62; 95%CI: 1.23-17.32) and supervision from TB officials (AOR=13.07; 95%CI: 3.78-45.13). The enrollment of private general practitioners as a primary healthcare facility under the national insurance scheme was not associated with the willingness to refer suspected TB patients.

Conclusions: About half of the private general practitioners have ever referred a suspected TB patient. Supervision from TB officials and a reward system in terms of credit points were associated with the willingness to refer suspected TB patients. Ongoing supervision, providing credit points, and improving referral systems are required to improve case findings and referral of suspected TB patients by private general practitioners
Reasons Behind Non-Exclusive Breastfeeding by Working Women in Mataram City West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Haryani  , Wulandari Luh Putu Lila , Karmaya I Nyoman Mangku
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine why working mothers choose to not exclusively breast feed their infants in Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara.

Methods: The study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. Data collection in this study involved focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. In-depth interviews with 9 working women not exclusively breastfeeding. Focus group discussions two comprising of 21 respondents were husbands, in-laws, mother’s family, healthcare provider, workplace representatives, religious and community leaders.

Result: Study findings indicated that the primary reason for working women to not exclusively breastfeed, because of a lack of individual motivation, pressures of a high workload, lack of permitted time off, lack of infrastructure and concerns about losing employment due to time off. Obstacles included fear of losing employment, maternal physical factors (low/no milk production), psychological factors (stress/anxiety/frustration), lack of facilities and supporting infrastructure.

Conclusion: The predominant reasons behind non-exclusive breastfeeding were lack of personal motivation, high workload, lack of permitted time off, lack of supporting infrastructure and fear of losing employment. The external obstacles for providing exclusive breastfeeding were economic factors, the mother’s ability to produce milk, psychological factors, lack of supporting infrastructure.