bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Undergraduate Students’ Pro-Environmental Behavior in Daily Practice
Authors: Dewi Widiaswati , Dian R Sawitri
Published: February 2018

Pro-environmental behavior is an individual action as a manifestation of one’s responsibility to create a sustainable environment. University students as one of the agent of change can adopt pro-environmental behaviors concept, even through simple things to do on daily activities such as ride a bicycle or walk for short distance, reuse the shopping bags, separate waste, learn about environmental issues etc. Many studies have examined pro-environmental behavior from various approaches. However, the study about university students’ pro-environmental behavior is lacking. The aim of this paper is to examine the undergraduate students’ pro-environmental behaviors level. We surveyed 364 first year undergraduate students from a state university in Semarang. The survey included six aspects of pro-environmental behavior in daily practice which include energy conservation, mobility and transportation, waste avoidance, recycling, consumerism, and vicarious behaviors toward conservation. Findings of this study showed the level of pro-environmental behavior of first year undergraduate students is medium. Recommendations for undergraduate students and future researchers are discussed.
Stakeholder Analysis in Utilizing of Environmental Services and Natural Attractions in Tuk Semuncar Utilization Zone of Gunung Merbabu National Park: A literature review
Authors: Setiawan Muhammad Arif , Muhammad Fuad
Published: February 2018

Many stakeholders in the utilizing of environmental services and natural attraction of Tuk Semuncar Utilization Zone needs to get the attention of the Gunung Merbabu National Park Officer. The existence of natural resources has an important role for the life of the community, making the complexity of the relationship between various parties who have interests in natural resource management. The existence of stakeholders and their interests should receive attention and be considered to be accommodated as an effort to prevent the occurrence of losses to the conservation area of Gunung Merbabu National Park. Every stakeholder's interest can have a positive and negative impact on other stakeholders. Stakeholder analysis can help in understanding the conflict on the utilizing of environmental services and natural attraction that is happening, as well as input strategy in involving stakeholders for the achievement of goals.
Literature Study on Community Participation in Community Based Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programs
Authors: Robiah Nurbaiti Siti , Nur Bambang Azis
Published: February 2018

Clean water and proper sanitation are basic human needs, existing procurement in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources and Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2005 on Development of Water Supply System, which the state guarantees the right of everyone water for basic daily minimum needs to meet the needs of a healthy, productive, and clean life. Norms every society has the right to get clean air to meet basic daily needs. One of the points in the goal of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the environment sector is the guarantee of the community to achieve universal access to clean water and sanitation. The SDG High Level Panel held in 2012 calls on countries around the world to do so in 2030. Fulfillment of clean air and sanitation in Indonesia is conducted through two sectoral approaches, the first through agencies, or related agencies and the second through a Society. In accordance with its community-based principles, the role itself is a key factor in the success of the program. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to find out the forms of community participation and the factors that influence participation in community-based water supply and sanitation programs in the field of literature studies of previous research such as research journals, theses, theses, dissertations and related books This literature study topic.
Translation Analysis on Civil Engineering Text Produced by Machine Translator
Authors: Sutopo Anam
Published: February 2018

Translation is extremely needed in communication since people have serious problem in the language used. Translation activity is done by the person in charge for translating the material. Translation activity is also able to be done by machine. It is called machine translation, reflected in the programs developed by programmer. One of them is Transtool. Many people used Transtool for helping them in solving the problem related with translation activities. This paper wants to deliver how important is the Transtool program, how effective is Transtool program and how is the function of Transtool for human business. This study applies qualitative research. The sources of data were document and informant. This study used documentation and in dept-interviewing as the techniques for collecting data. The collected data were analyzed by using interactive analysis. The results of the study show that, first; Transtool program is helpful for people in translating the civil engineering text and it functions as the aid or helper, second; the working of Transtool software program is effective enough and third; the result of translation produced by Transtool is good for short and simple sentences and not readable, not understandable and not accurate for long sentences (compound, complex and compound complex) thought the result is informative. The translated material must be edited by the professional translator.
The Development of Mobile Application to Introduce Historical Monuments in Manado
Authors: Markhasi Rupilu Moshe , Suyoto  , Joko Santoso Albertus
Published: February 2018

Learning the historical value of a monument is important because it preserves cultural and historical values, as well as expanding our personal insight. In Indonesia, particularly in Manado, North Sulawesi, there are many monuments. The monuments are erected for history, religion, culture and past war, however these aren’t written in detail in the monuments. To get information on specific monument, manual search was required, i.e. asking related people or sources. Based on the problem, the development of an application which can utilize LBS (Location Based Service) method and some algorithmic methods specifically designed for mobile devices such as Smartphone, was required so that information on every monument in Manado can be displayed in detail using GPS coordinate. The application was developed by KNN method with K-means algorithm and collaborative filtering to recommend monument information to tourist. Tourists will get recommended options filtered by distance. Then, this method was also used to look for the closest monument from user. KNN algorithm determines the closest location by making comparisons according to calculation of longitude and latitude of several monuments tourist wants to visit. With this application, tourists who want to know and find information on monuments in Manado can do them easily and quickly because monument information is recommended directly to user without having to make selection. Moreover, tourist can see recommended monument information and search several monuments in Manado in real time.
Inventory Control System by Using Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI)
Authors: Dona Sabila Alzena , Mustafid Mustafid , Suryono Suryono
Published: February 2018

The inventory control system has a strategic role for the business in managing inventory operations. Management of conventional inventory creates problems in the stock of goods that often runs into vacancies and excess goods at the retail level. This study aims to build inventory control system that can maintain the stability of goods availability at the retail level. The implementation of Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) method on inventory control system provides transparency of sales data and inventory of goods at retailer level to supplier. Inventory control is performed by calculating safety stock and reorder point of goods based on sales data received by the system. Rule-based reasoning is provided on the system to facilitate the monitoring of inventory status information, thereby helping the process of inventory updates appropriately. Utilization of SMS technology is also considered as a medium of collecting sales data in real-time due to the ease of use. The results of this study indicate that inventory control using VMI ensures the availability of goods ± 70% and can reduce the accumulation of goods ± 30% at the retail level.
Development of Airport Noise Mapping using Matlab Software (Case Study: Adi Soemarmo Airport – Boyolali, Indonesia)
Authors: Andarani Pertiwi , Setiyo Huboyo Haryono , Setyanti Diny , Budiawan Wiwik
Published: February 2018

Noise is considered as one of the main environmental impact of Adi Soemarmo International Airport (ASIA), the second largest airport in Central Java Province, Indonesia. In order to manage the noise of airport, airport noise mapping is necessary. However, a model that requires simple input but still reliable was not available in ASIA. Therefore, the objective of this study are to develop model using Matlab software, to verify its reliability by measuring actual noise exposure, and to analyze the area of noise levels‥ The model was developed based on interpolation or extrapolation of identified Noise-Power-Distance (NPD) data. In accordance with Indonesian Government Ordinance No.40/2012, the noise metric used is WECPNL (Weighted Equivalent Continuous Perceived Noise Level). Based on this model simulation, there are residence area in the region of noise level II (1.912 km2) and III (1.16 km2) and 18 school buildings in the area of noise levels I, II, and III. These land-uses are actually prohibited unless noise insulation is equipped. The model using Matlab in the case of Adi Soemarmo International Airport is valid based on comparison of the field measurement (6 sampling points). However, it is important to validate the model again once the case study (the airport) is changed.
Risk Analysis of Coastal Disaster of Semarang City, Indonesia
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo , Ambariyanto Ambariyanto , Nugroho Sugianto Denny , Helmi Muhammad , Halirin Kaimuddin Awaluddin , Indarjo Agus
Published: February 2018

Coastal areas are highly vulnerable to disasters, as they are affected by events occurring both on land and at sea. In the development of cities in these areas, information on vulnerability levels is needed as a consideration in determining policy. This study aims to identify potential vulnerability of Semarang city, and to investigate the potential of hazard and disaster risk levels of the city. The study was conducted in 17 villages in the northern coastal area of Semarang. The assessment approach used was score analysis to some variables, i.e geomorphology, erosion, coastal slope, waves and socio-economic aspects. The research showed that the highest level of coastal vulnerability in the Semarang city were at three villages i.e.Terboyo Kulon, Terboyo Wetan and Trimulyo with value of 4.5; while the lowest level were at the Maron beach, Marina beach and Tanah Mas with value of 2.8. The highest potential coastal hazard in the Semarang city were at two villages i.e. Tanjung Mas and Tambak Lorok with value of 4.5; and the lowest value were in the village of Randugarut, Karanganyar, Tugurejo, Marina beach and Tanah Mas with value of 1.25.The highest level of coastal risk in the Semarang city were in the Trimulyo village with value of 3.13; and the lowest level were in the Marina beach and Tanah mas with value of 1.32.
Impinging jets – a short review on strategies for heat transfer enhancement
Authors: Nastase Ilinca , Bode Florin
Published: February 2018

In industrial applications, heat and mass transfer can be considerably increased using impinging jets. A large number of flow phenomena will be generated by the impinging flow, such as: large scale structures, large curvature involving strong shear and normal stresses, stagnation in the wall boundary layers, heat transfer with the impinged wall, small scale turbulent mixing. All these phenomena are highly unsteady and even if nowadays a substantial number of studies in the literature are dedicated, the impinging jets are still not fully understood due to the highly unsteady nature and more over due to great difficulty of performing detailed numerical and experimental investigations.
Wind tunnel study of natural ventilation of building integrated photovoltaics double skin façade
Authors: Hudişteanu Sebastian Valeriu , Popovici Cătălin George , Cherecheş Nelu-Cristian
Published: February 2018

The paper presents a wind tunnel experimental analysis of a small-scale building model (1:30). The objective of the study is to determine the wind influence on the ventilation of a double skin façade channel (DSF) and the cooling effect over integrated photovoltaic panels. The tests were achieved by conceiving and implementation of an experimental program using a wind tunnel with atmospheric boundary layer. The effect of the wind over the ventilation of the horizontal channels of double skin façades is evaluated for different incident velocities. The results are generalized for the average steady state values of the velocities analysed. The experimental results put in evidence the correlation between the reference wind velocity and the dynamics of the air movement inside the double skin façade. These values are used to determine the convective heat transfer and the cooling effect of the air streams inside the channel upon the integrated photovoltaic panels. The decrease of the photovoltaic panels temperature determines a raise of 11% in efficiency and power generated.
Study of an array of two circular jets impinging on a flat surface
Authors: Simionescu Ştefan-Mugur , Dhondoo Nilesh , Bălan Corneliu
Published: February 2018

In this study, the flow characteristics of an array of two circular, laminar air jets impinging on a smooth solid wall are experimentally and numerically investigated. Direct visualizations using high speed/resolution camera are performed. The evolution of the vortical structures in the area where the jet is deflected from axial to radial direction is emphasized, as well as the interaction between the two jets. A set of CFD numerical simulations in 2D flow domains are performed by using the commercial software Fluent, in the context of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modeling. The numerical resultsare compared and validated with the experiments. The vorticity number is computed and plotted at two different positions from the jet nozzle, and a study of its distribution gives a clue on how the jets are interacting with each other in the proximity of the solid wall.
A Prototype Combination TPC Cherenkov Detector with GEM Readout for Tracking and Particle Identification and its Potential Use at an Electron Ion Collider
Authors: Woody Craig , Azmoun Babak , Majka Richard , Phipps Michael , Purschke Martin , Smirnov Nikolai
Published: February 2018

A prototype detector is being developed which combines the functions of a Time Projection Chamber for charged particle tracking and a Cherenkov detector for particle identification. The TPC consists of a 10×10×10 cm3 drift volume where the charge is drifted to a 10×10 cm2 triple GEM detector. The charge is measured on a readout plane consisting of 2×10 mm2 chevron pads which provide a spatial resolution ∼ 100 μm per point in the chevron direction along with dE/dx information. The Cherenkov portion of the detector consists of a second 10×10 cm2 triple GEM with a photosensitive CsI photocathode on the top layer. This detector measures Cherenkov light produced in the drift gas of the TPC by high velocity particles which are above threshold. CF4 or CF4 mixtures will be used as the drift gas which are highly transparent to UV light and can provide excellent efficiency for detecting Cherenkov photons. The drift gas is also used as the operating gas for both GEM detectors. The prototype detector has been constructed and is currently being tested in the lab with sources and cosmic rays, and additional tests are planned in the future to study the detector in a test beam.
Development of the GEM-TPC X-ray Polarimeter with the Scalable Readout System
Authors: Kitaguchi Takao , Hayato Asami , Iwakiri Wataru , Takeuchi Yoko , Kubota Megu , Nishida Kazuki , Enoto Teruaki , Tamagawa Toru
Published: February 2018

We have developed a gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC) containing a single-layered foil of a gas electron multiplier (GEM) to open up a new window on cosmic X-ray polarimetry in the 2–10 keV band. The micro-pattern TPC polarimeter in combination with the Scalable Readout System produced by the RD51 collaboration has been built as an engineering model to optimize detector parameters and improve polarimeter sensitivity. The polarimeter was characterized with unpolarized X-rays from an X-ray generator in a laboratory and polarized X-rays on the BL32B2 beamline at the SPring-8 synchrotron radiation facility. Preliminary results show that the polarimeter has a comparable modulation factor to a prototype of the flight one.
Large Area Coverage of a TPC Endcap with GridPix Detectors
Authors: Kaminski Jochen
Published: February 2018

The Large Prototype TPC at DESY, Hamburg, was built by the LCTPC collaboration as a testbed for new readout technologies of Time Projection Chambers. Up to seven modules of about 400 cm2 each can be placed in the endcap. Three of these modules were equipped with a total of 160 GridPix detectors. This is a combination of a highly pixelated readout ASIC and a Micromegas built on top. GridPix detectors have a very high efficiency of detecting primary electrons, which leads to excellent spatial and energy resolutions. For the first time a large number of GridPix detectors has been operated and long segments of tracks have been recorded with excellent precision.
Quality control for the first large areas of triple-GEM chambers for the CMS endcaps
Authors: Abbaneo D. , Abbas M. , Abbrescia M. , Abi Akl M. , Aboamer O. , Acosta D. , Ahmad A. , Ahmed W. , Aleksandrov A. , Altieri P. , Asawatangtrakuldee C. , Aspell P. , Assran Y. , Awan I. , Bally S. , Ban Y. , Banerjee S. , Barashko V. , Barria P. , Bencze G. , Beni N. , Benussi L. , Bhopatkar V. , Bianco S. , Bos J. , Bouhali O. , Braghieri A. , Braibant S. , Buontempo S. , Calabria C. , Caponero M. , Caputo C. , Cassese F. , Castaneda A. , Cauwenbergh S. , Cavallo F.R. , Celik A. , Choi M. , Choi S. , Christiansen J. , Cimmino A. , Colafranceschi S. , Colaleo A. , Conde Garcia A. , Czellar S. , Dabrowski M.M. , De Lentdecker G. , De Oliveira R. , de Robertis G. , Dildick S. , Dorney B. , Endroczi G. , Errico F. , Fenyvesi A. , Ferry S. , Furic I. , Giacomelli P. , Gilmore J. , Golovtsov V. , Guiducci L. , Guilloux F. , Gutierrez A. , Hadjiiska R.M. , Hauser J. , Hoepfner K. , Hohlmann M. , Hoorani H. , Iaydjiev P. , Jeng Y.G. , Kamon T. , Karchin P. , Korytov A. , Krutelyov S. , Kumar A. , Kim H. , Lee J. , Lenzi T. , Litov L. , Loddo F. , Madorsky A. , Maerschalk T. , Maggi M. , Magnani A. , Mal P.K. , Mandal K. , Marchioro A. , Marinov A. , Majumdar N. , Merlin J.A. , Mitselmakher G. , Mohanty A.K. , Mohapatra A. , Molnar J. , Muhammad S. , Mukhopadhyay S. , Naimuddin M. , Nuzzo S. , Oliveri E. , Pant L.M. , Paolucci P. , Park I. , Passeggio G. , Pavlov B. , Philipps B. , Piccolo D. , Postema H. , Puig Baranac A. , Radi A. , Radogna R. , Raffone G. , Ranieri A. , Rashevski G. , Riccardi C. , Rodozov M. , Rodrigues A. , Ropelewski L. , RoyChowdhury S. , Ryu G. , Ryu M.S. , Safonov A. , Salva S. , Saviano G. , Sharma A. , Sharma A. , Sharma R. , Shah A.H. , Shopova M. , Sturdy J. , Sultanov G. , Swain S.K. , Szillasi Z. , Talvitie J. , Tatarinov A. , Tuuva T. , Tytgat M. , Vai I. , Van Stenis M. , Venditti R. , Verhagen E. , Verwilligen P. , Vitulo P. , Volkov S. , Vorobyev A. , Wang D. , Wang M. , Yang U. , Yang Y. , Yonamine R. , Zaganidis N. , Zenoni F. , Zhang A.
Published: February 2018

The CMS Collaboration plans to equip the very forward muon system with triple-GEM detectors that can withstand the environment of the High-Luminosity LHC. This project is at the final stages of R&D and moving to production. An unprecedented large area of several 100 m2 are to be instrumented with GEM detectors which will be produced in six different sites around the world. A common construction and quality control procedure is required to ensure the performance of each detector. The quality control steps will include optical inspection, cleaning and baking of all materials and parts used to build the detector, leakage current tests of the GEM foils, high voltage tests, gas leak tests of the chambers and monitoring pressure drop vs. time, gain calibration to know the optimal operation region of the detector, gain uniformity tests, and studying the efficiency, noise and tracking performance of the detectors in a cosmic stand using scintillators.
Numerical Investigation on Electron and Ion Transmission of GEM-based Detectors
Authors: Bhattacharya Purba , Sahoo Sumanya Sekhar , Biswas Saikat , Mohanty Bedangadas , Majumdar Nayana , Mukhopadhyay Supratik
Published: February 2018

ALICE at the LHC is planning a major upgrade of its detector systems, including the TPC, to cope with an increase of the LHC luminosity after 2018. Different R&D activities are currently concentrated on the adoption of the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) as the gas amplification stage of the ALICE-TPC upgrade version. The major challenge is to have low ion feedback in the drift volume as well as to ensure a collection of good percentage of primary electrons in the signal generation process. In the present work, Garfield simulation framework has been adopted to numerically estimate the electron transparency and ion backflow fraction of GEM-based detectors. In this process, extensive simulations have been carried out to enrich our understanding of the complex physical processes occurring within single, triple and quadruple GEM detectors. A detailed study has been performed to observe the effect of detector geometry, field configuration and magnetic field on the above mentioned characteristics.
Speeding Up and Parallelizing the GARFIELD++
Authors: Sheharyar A. , Bouhali O. , Castaneda A.
Published: February 2018

Garfield++ is a toolkit for the simulation of particle detectors that use gas and semi-conductors as sensitive medium. It takes enormous amount of time to complete the simulation of complex scenarios such as those involving high detector voltages, gases with large gains, or electric field meshes with large number of elements. We observed that most of the simulation time is being consumed in finding the correct element in the electric field mesh. We optimized the element search operation and achieved significant boost in the speed up. In addition, We added the parallel computing support in the toolkit to simulate multiple events simultaneously over multiple machines. In this paper, we present our approach of speeding up the computations and benchmark results.
Study of the spatial resolution of low-material GEM tracking detectors
Authors: Kudryavtsev V.N. , Maltsev T.V. , Shekhtman L.I.
Published: February 2018

The spatial resolution of GEM based tracking detectors has been simulated and measured. The simulation includes the GEANT4 based transport of high energy electrons with careful accounting for atomic relaxation processes including emission of fluorescent photons and Auger electrons and custom post-processing, including accounting for diffusion, gas amplification fluctuations, the distribution of signals on readout electrodes, electronics noise and a particular algorithm of the final coordinate calculation (center of gravity). The simulation demonstrates that a minimum of the spatial resolution of about 10 μm can be achieved with strip pitches from 250 μm to 300 μm. For larger pitches the resolution is quickly degrading reaching 80-100 μm at a pitch of 500 μm. The spatial resolution of low-material triple-GEM detectors for the DEUTRON facility at the VEPP-3 storage ring is measured at the extracted beam facility of the VEPP-4M collider. The amount of material in these detectors is reduced by etching the copper of the GEMs electrodes and using a readout structure on a thin kapton foil rather than on a glass fibre plate. The exact amount of material in one DEUTRON detector is measured by studying multiple scattering of 100 MeV electrons in it. The result of these measurements is X/X0 = 2.4×10−3 corresponding to a thickness of the copper layers of the GEM foils of 3 μm. The spatial resolution of one DEUTRON detector is measured with 500 MeV electrons and the measured value is equal to 35 ± 1 μm for orthogonal tracks.
Numerical Studies on Time Resolution of Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors
Authors: Bhattacharya Purba , Majumdar Nayana , Mukhopadhyay Supratik , Bhattacharya Sudeb
Published: February 2018

The Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors offer excellent spatial and temporal resolution in harsh radiation environments of high-luminosity colliders. In this work, an attempt has been made to establish an algorithm for estimating the time resolution of different MPGDs. It has been estimated numerically on the basis of two aspects, statistics and distribution of primary electrons and their diffusion in gas medium, while ignoring their multiplication. The effect of detector design parameters, field configuration and the composition of gas mixture on the resolution have also been investigated. Finally, a modification in the numerical approach considering the threshold limit of detecting the signal has been done and tested for the RPC detector for its future implementation in case of MPGDs.
Material Property and Stress Field near Notch Tip in Steel Plate under High Electric Current
Authors: Jin-Chee Liu Thomas , Tseng Ji-Fu , Cheng Chun-Der
Published: February 2018

Under high electric current, the material property and stress field near the notch tip in the stainless steel plate have been investigated. Using the numerical and experimental methods, the electric current density, temperature, stress, grain image and micro hardness are obtained. Also, the melting and heat-affected zones at the notch tip are investigated. At the tip region, the hardness value improves and the compressive residual stress occurs. This result can reduce the stress level and prevent from the crack initiation when the plate is subjected to the tensile load.
Experimental Research about Shock Wave in a 1+1/2 Counter-Rotating Turbine
Authors: Li Chao , Liu Huo-Xing , Zhou Zhi-Hong
Published: February 2018

To investigate the internal distribution regularities of shock wave structure in 1+1/2 counter-rotating turbine, numerical simulation and experimental research about the shock wave structure were conducted by using the schlieren apparatus under different working conditions.From the point of the unsteady results, the unsteady effect has few influence on the flow field of high pressure guide vane, but the wake of the high pressure guide leaves periodically sweeps through the front edge of the high pressure blade and there presents strong unsteady effect on flow field of high pressure rotor. Because of periodic influence of external wake and shock wave, the unsteadiness of flow in low pressure rotor is still strong but not that drastic compared to the high pressure rotor. 50% height section of the blade of the three types of blades are extracted respectively to make plane cascades which are conducted blowing experiments in supersonic wind tunnel. The final photograph were analyzed by comparing with the CFD results. Results show that with the increase of expansion ratio, the wave structures in blade channel move toward the exit and the caudal interference between the outer tail wave and is strengthened gradually.
A time-domain substructure synthesis for finite rotations of flexible mechanical systems
Authors: Chen Shulin , Liu Li , Chen Zhaoyue
Published: February 2018

This paper presents a floating IBS method for dynamic prediction of structures with finite rotations. The conventional IBS (impulse-based substructuring) method is efficient and accurate in structural transient impact analysis. When facing about finite rotations, the conventional IBS method will generate unreasonable results due to the lack of consideration of geometric nonlinearity. In this paper, the idea of floating frame of reference is introduced. The motions of structures are divided into the moving of floating frame of reference and local vibrations which are described using the idea of IBS method. Two numerical examples validate that the proposed method is available for unconstrained single-body system (free-free rotating beam) and constrained multibody system (a slider-crank system). Meanwhile, to some extent the local elastic vibration degrees of freedom can be reduced by employing interpolation matrixes
Synchronous Surface Pressure and Velocity Measurements of standard model in hypersonic flow
Authors: Zhijun Sun , Yunsong Gu , Keming Cheng , peng Di , Liu Yingzheng
Published: February 2018

Experiments in the Hypersonic Wind tunnel of NUAA(NHW) present synchronous measurements of bow shockwave and surface pressure of a standard blunt rotary model (AGARD HB-2), which was carried out in order to measure the Mach-5-flow above a blunt body by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) as well as unsteady pressure around the rotary body. Titanium dioxide (Al2O3) Nano particles were seeded into the flow by a tailor-made container. With meticulous care designed optical path, the laser was guided into the vacuum experimental section. The transient pressure was obtained around model by using fast-responding pressure-sensitive paint (PSP)sprayed on the model. All the experimental facilities were controlled by Series Pulse Generator to ensure that the data was time related. The PIV measurements of velocities in front of the detached bow shock agreed very well with the calculated value, with less than 3% difference compared to Pitot-pressure recordings. The velocity gradient contour described in accord with the detached bow shock that showed on schlieren. The PSP results presented good agreement with the reference data from previous studies. Our work involving studies of synchronous shock-wave and pressure measurements proved to be encouraging.
A method of coding for aerospace product quality DNA
Authors: Jiayu Yao
Published: February 2018

Aiming at the problem that the manufacturing process of our aerospace products is relatively discrete and the lack of appropriate quality monitoring and feedback mechanism, a method of coding for aerospace product quality DNA was proposed. Based on the structure of biological DNA and the theory of quality assessment, equipment diagnosis and quality traceability, the biological DNA structure was transformed into the structure of aerospace product quality DNA, and the concept of aerospace product quality DNA was defined, including the genetic and variation characteristics of aerospace product quality DNA. The coding rules of aerospace product quality DNA were designed, and the designed encoding rules are applied to the case of welding of wall panels in the manufacturing process of aerospace products. The results show that the coding method can monitor and feedback the core information related to quality in the manufacturing process of aerospace products.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Northern Fragment of Eribulin Mesylate from d-Mannose
Authors: Chandrasekhar Srivari , Gaddam Vikram , Nadella Lavanya , Sukumar Genji , Mainkar Prathama
Published: February 2018

Stereoselective synthesis of northern fragment of eribulin mesylate is reported by coupling of the C1–C13 fragment with the C28–C35 fragment. The key steps involved in this synthesis are butyllithium-facilitated coupling between sulfone and aldehyde, then Dess–Martin periodinane oxidation followed by samarium(II) iodide mediated desulfonylation.
Geriatrische Dens-Fraktur – Konservative Therapie
Authors: Heyde Christoph-Eckhard
Published: February 2018

Die Therapie geriatrischer Densfrakturen, insbesondere des Typ II nach Anderson und D’Alonzo, wird nach wie vor kontrovers diskutiert. Aktuelle Reviews und erste prospektive Studiendaten legen Vorteile der operativen Versorgung, vor allem in Bezug auf die Mortalitätsrate, nahe.

Eine kritische Würdigung der zur Verfügung stehenden Daten der aktuellen Literatur führt jedoch zu Ergebnissen, welche eine vorsichtige Interpretation dieser Daten nahelegen und einen weiterhin hohen Stellenwert der konservativen Therapie aufzeigen.

Die Komplikationsrate beider Vorgehensweisen – operativ versus konservativ – ist vergleichbar. Die konservative Therapie ist mit einer höheren Pseudarthroserate verbunden. Allerdings wird das Erreichen einer fibrösen Steife auch als Therapieerfolg angesehen und der klinische Stellenwert der Pseudarthrose verbleibt unklar. Die Datenlage in Bezug auf die Mortalität ist nach wie vor, auch in Reviews und Metaanalysen, inkonsistent. Während bei Patienten zwischen 65 bis 80 – 85 Jahre die Mortalität nach konservativer Versorgung höher zu sein scheint, gibt es Arbeiten, die bei Patienten ab 80 – 85 Jahren eine Aufhebung dieser Unterschiede und in dieser Altersklasse generell Vorteile der konservativen Therapie sehen.

Das zentrale Problem der aktuell zur Verfügung stehenden Literatur, auch der vorliegenden prospektiven aber nicht randomisierten Daten besteht in dem Selektionsbias und damit in der fehlenden wirklichen Vergleichbarkeit der analysierten Patientenkohorten.

Somit konnte bis zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt keine wirkliche Überlegenheit einer der beiden Therapieformen aufgezeigt werden. Damit hat die konservative Therapie ihren Stellenwert und muss in die therapeutischen Überlegungen gleichberechtigt einbezogen werden.
Pure Ocular Myasthenia gravis
Authors: Kirzinger Lukas , Schötz Sophie , Schalke Berthold
Published: February 2018

Pure ocular myasthenia was always described as a separate entity in historical publications. More than 50% of patients develop generalized symptoms in the course of the disease. Therefore pure ocular symptoms can be the beginning of generalized myasthenia, nevertheless there is a small group of patients who suffer lifelong purely ocular symptoms. The basis, therefore, seems to be special immunological, biochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms leading to specific local changes of the neuromuscular junction. The diagnostic procedure is hampered as antibodies against acethylcholine receptors and MuSK can be demonstrated in less than 50% of these patients. Therapy of pure ocular myasthenia does not differ fundamentally from other subgroups of myasthenia gravis and is implemented with cholinesterase inhibitors, steroids and common immunosuppressants. Thymomectomy is not recommended in general, but randomized controlled studies are lacking.
Die Aktualisierung der Reha-Therapiestandards der Deutschen Rentenversicherung
Authors: Farin Erik , Wirth Astrid , Quaschning Katharina , Meyer Thorsten , Nowik Daniel , Block Irina , Vogel Heiner , Volke Eva
Published: February 2018

Ziel Es wird von dem 2013–2015 stattgefundenen Prozess der Aktualisierung der Reha-Therapiestandards (RTS) der Deutschen Rentenversicherung berichtet.

Methodik Mit 4 methodischen Zugängen wurde Evidenz gesucht: a) Durchführung systematischer Literaturrecherchen, b) Expertengruppen, Expertenworkshops und Online-Diskussionsforen zur Einbeziehung der Erfahrungen verschiedener Beteiligter einschließlich Patienten, c) Analyse aktueller KTL-Daten („Klassifikation therapeutischer Leistungen“) zur Erfassung des aktuellen Stands der Erfüllung der RTS, d) konzeptionelle Überlegungen zur Bedeutung aktueller Entwicklungen in der Rehabilitation für die Überarbeitung der RTS.

Ergebnisse Für alle 9 RTS liegen nun aktualisierte Versionen vor. Über die Hälfte aller Therapiemodule der RTS basieren auf wissenschaftlicher Evidenz. Weitere Module basieren auf klinischer Erfahrung zur good clinical practice. Insgesamt betrachtet hat sich die Evidenzlage in den letzten Jahren nicht wesentlich verändert, in einigen Fällen gab es aber Hinweise auf eine verbesserte Evidenzlage.

Schlussfolgerung Die überarbeiteten RTS können zur Sicherstellung einer qualitativ hochwertigen Rehabilitation beitragen. Forschungsbedarf besteht bei der Vertiefung der Evidenzbasierung, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Therapieintensitäten.
Construction of representations of Poincaré group using Lie fields
Authors: Havlíček Miloslav , Kotrbatý Jan , Moylan Patrick , Pošta Severin
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we give an explicit construction of the unitary irreducible representations of the Poincaré groups in 2, 3, and 4 space-time dimensions on Hilbert spaces associated with the Schrödinger representation of the Weyl algebra for n = 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Our method of constructing the representations uses extension and localization of the enveloping algebras associated with these Weyl algebras and the Poincaré algebras.
Minimizing scatter-losses during pre-heat for magneto-inertial fusion targets
Authors: Geissel Matthias , Harvey-Thompson Adam J. , Awe Thomas J. , Bliss David E. , Glinsky Michael E. , Gomez Matthew R. , Harding Eric , Hansen Stephanie B. , Jennings Christopher , Kimmel Mark W. , Knapp Patrick , Lewis Sean M. , Peterson Kyle , Schollmeier Marius , Schwarz Jens , Shores Jonathon E. , Slutz Stephen A. , Sinars Daniel B. , Smith Ian C. , Speas C. Shane , Vesey Roger A. , Weis Matthew R. , Porter John L.
Published: February 2018

The size, temporal and spatial shape, and energy content of a laser pulse for the pre-heat phase of magneto-inertial fusion affect the ability to penetrate the window of the laser-entrance-hole and to heat the fuel behind it. High laser intensities and dense targets are subject to laser-plasma-instabilities (LPI), which can lead to an effective loss of pre-heat energy or to pronounced heating of areas that should stay unexposed. While this problem has been the subject of many studies over the last decades, the investigated parameters were typically geared towards traditional laser driven Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) with densities either at 10% and above or at 1% and below the laser's critical density, electron temperatures of 3–5 keV, and laser powers near (or in excess of) 1 × 1015 W/cm2. In contrast, Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) [Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010) and Slutz and Vesey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 025003 (2012)] currently operates at 5% of the laser's critical density using much thicker windows (1.5–3.5 μm) than the sub-micron thick windows of traditional ICF hohlraum targets. This article describes the Pecos target area at Sandia National Laboratories using the Z-Beamlet Laser Facility [Rambo et al., Appl. Opt. 44(12), 2421 (2005)] as a platform to study laser induced pre-heat for magneto-inertial fusion targets, and the related progress for Sandia's MagLIF program. Forward and backward scattered light were measured and minimized at larger spatial scales with lower densities, temperatures, and powers compared to LPI studies available in literature.
Global sensitivity analysis of multiscale properties of porous materials
Authors: Um Kimoon , Zhang Xuan , Katsoulakis Markos , Plechac Petr , Tartakovsky Daniel M.
Published: February 2018

Ubiquitous uncertainty about pore geometry inevitably undermines the veracity of pore- and multi-scale simulations of transport phenomena in porous media. It raises two fundamental issues: sensitivity of effective material properties to pore-scale parameters and statistical parameterization of Darcy-scale models that accounts for pore-scale uncertainty. Homogenization-based maps of pore-scale parameters onto their Darcy-scale counterparts facilitate both sensitivity analysis (SA) and uncertainty quantification. We treat uncertain geometric characteristics of a hierarchical porous medium as random variables to conduct global SA and to derive probabilistic descriptors of effective diffusion coefficients and effective sorption rate. Our analysis is formulated in terms of solute transport diffusing through a fluid-filled pore space, while sorbing to the solid matrix. Yet it is sufficiently general to be applied to other multiscale porous media phenomena that are amenable to homogenization.
Effect of 1.5 MeV electron irradiation on β-Ga2O3 carrier lifetime and diffusion length
Authors: Lee Jonathan , Flitsiyan Elena , Chernyak Leonid , Yang Jiancheng , Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen J. , Meyler Boris , Salzman Y. Joseph
Published: February 2018

The influence of 1.5 MeV electron irradiation on minority transport properties of Si doped β-Ga2O3 vertical Schottky rectifiers was observed for fluences up to 1.43 × 1016 cm−2. The Electron Beam-Induced Current technique was used to determine the minority hole diffusion length as a function of temperature for each irradiation dose. This revealed activation energies related to shallow donors at 40.9 meV and radiation-induced defects with energies at 18.1 and 13.6 meV. Time-resolved cathodoluminescence measurements showed an ultrafast 210 ps decay lifetime and reduction in carrier lifetime with increased irradiation.
Fourier-correlation imaging
Authors: Braun Daniel , Monjid Younes , Rougé Bernard , Kerr Yann
Published: February 2018

We investigated whether correlations between the Fourier components at slightly shifted frequencies of the fluctuations of the electric field measured with a one-dimensional antenna array on board a satellite flying over a plane allow one to measure the two-dimensional brightness temperature as a function of position in the plane. We found that the achievable spatial resolution that resulted from just two antennas is on the order of hχ, with χ=c/(Δrω0), both in the direction of the flight of the satellite and in the direction perpendicular to it, where Δr is the distance between the antennas, ω0 is the central frequency, h is the height of the satellite over the plane, and c is the speed of light. Two antennas separated by a distance of about 100 m on a satellite flying with a speed of a few km/s at a height of the order of 1000 km and a central frequency of order GHz allow, therefore, the imaging of the brightness temperature on the surface of Earth with a resolution of the order of 1 km. For a single point source, the relative radiometric resolution is on the order of χ, but, for a uniform temperature field in a half plane left or right of the satellite track, it is only on the order of 1/χ3/2, which indicates that two antennas do not suffice for a precise reconstruction of the temperature field. Several ideas are discussed regarding how the radiometric resolution could be enhanced. In particular, having N antennas all separated by at least a distance on the order of the wave-length allows one to increase the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of order N but requires averaging over N2 temperature profiles obtained from as many pairs of antennas.
The interplay between surface charging and microscale roughness during plasma etching of polymeric substrates
Authors: Memos George , Lidorikis Elefterios , Kokkoris George
Published: February 2018

The surface roughness developed during plasma etching of polymeric substrates is critical for a variety of applications related to the wetting behavior and the interaction of surfaces with cells. Toward the understanding and, ultimately, the manipulation of plasma induced surface roughness, the interplay between surface charging and microscale roughness of polymeric substrates is investigated by a modeling framework consisting of a surface charging module, a surface etching model, and a profile evolution module. The evolution of initially rough profiles during plasma etching is calculated by taking into account as well as by neglecting charging. It is revealed, on the one hand, that the surface charging contributes to the suppression of root mean square roughness and, on the other hand, that the decrease of the surface roughness induces a decrease of the charging potential. The effect of charging on roughness is intense when the etching yield depends solely on the ion energy, and it is mitigated when the etching yield additionally depends on the angle of ion incidence. The charging time, i.e., the time required for reaching a steady state charging potential, is found to depend on the thickness of the polymeric substrate, and it is calculated in the order of milliseconds.
Temperature dependence of DC transport characteristics for a two-dimensional electron gas in an undoped Si/SiGe heterostructure
Authors: Chou Kuan-Yu , Hsu Nai-Wen , Su Yi-Hsin , Chou Chung-Tao , Chiu Po-Yuan , Chuang Yen , Li Jiun-Yun
Published: February 2018

We investigate DC characteristics of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in an undoped Si/SiGe heterostructure and its temperature dependence. An insulated-gate field-effect transistor was fabricated, and transfer characteristics were measured at 4 K–300 K. At low temperatures (T < 45 K), source electrons are injected into the buried 2DEG channel first and drain current increases with the gate voltage. By increasing the gate voltage further, the current saturates followed by a negative transconductance observed, which can be attributed to electron tunneling from the buried channel to the surface channel. Finally, the drain current is saturated again at large gate biases due to parallel conduction of buried and surface channels. By increasing the temperature, an abrupt increase in threshold voltage is observed at T ∼ 45 K and it is speculated that negatively charged impurities at the Al2O3/Si interface are responsible for the threshold voltage shift. At T > 45 K, the current saturation and negative transconductance disappear and the device acts as a normal transistor.
Characterization of microchannel anechoic corners formed by surface acoustic waves
Authors: Destgeer Ghulam , Alam Ashar , Ahmed Husnain , Park Jinsoo , Jung Jin Ho , Park Kwangseok , Sung Hyung Jin
Published: February 2018

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) generated in a piezoelectric substrate couple with a liquid according to Snell's law such that a compressional acoustic wave propagates obliquely at a Rayleigh angle (θt) inside the microchannel to form a region devoid of a direct acoustic field, which is termed a microchannel anechoic corner (MAC). In the present study, we used microchannels with various heights and widths to characterize the width of the MAC region formed by a single travelling SAW. The attenuation of high-frequency SAWs produced a strong acoustic streaming flow that moved the particles in and out of the MAC region, whereas reflections of the acoustic waves within the microchannel resulted in standing acoustic waves that trapped particles at acoustic pressure nodes located within or outside of the MAC region. A range of actuation frequencies and particle diameters were used to investigate the effects of the acoustic streaming flow and the direct acoustic radiation forces by the travelling as well as standing waves on the particle motion with respect to the MAC region. The width of the MAC (wc), measured experimentally by tracing the particles, increased with the height of the microchannel (hm) according to a simple trigonometric equation wc=hm×tan(θt).