bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the duct system during exocrine pancreas differentiation in the grass snake Natrix natrix (Lepidosauria, Serpentes)
Authors: Kowalska Magdalena , Rupik Weronika
Published: February 2018

We analyzed the development of the pancreatic ducts in grass snake Natrix natrix L. embryos with special focus on the three‐dimensional (3D)‐structure of the duct network, ultrastructural differentiation of ducts with attention to cell types and lumen formation. Our results indicated that the system of ducts in the embryonic pancreas of the grass snake can be divided into extralobular, intralobular, and intercalated ducts, similarly as in other vertebrate species. However, the pattern of branching was different from that in other vertebrates, which was related to the specific topography of the snake's internal organs. The process of duct remodeling in Natrix embryos began when the duct walls started to change from multilayered to single‐layered and ended together with tube formation. It began in the dorsal pancreatic bud and proceeded toward the caudal direction. The lumen of pancreatic ducts differentiated by cavitation because a population of centrally located cells was cleared through cell death resembling anoikis. During embryonic development in the pancreatic duct walls of the grass snake four types of cells were present, that is, principal, endocrine, goblet, and basal cells, which is different from other vertebrate species. The principal cells were electron‐dense, contained indented nuclei with abundant heterochromatin, microvilli and cilia, and were connected by interdigitations of lateral membranes and junctional complexes. The endocrine cells were electron‐translucent and some of them included endocrine granules. The goblet cells were filled with large granules with nonhomogeneous, moderately electron‐dense material. The basal cells were small, electron‐dense, and did not reach the duct lumen.
Intraarticular injection autologous platelet‐rich plasma and bone marrow concentrate in a goat osteoarthritis model
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhai Chenjun , Fei Hao , Hu Junzheng , Cui Weiding , Wang Zhen , Li Zeng , Fan Weimin
Published: February 2018

To evaluate the effects of intraarticular injections of autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) or bone marrow concentrate (BMC) on osteoarthritis (OA), 24 adult goats were equally divided into control (Ctrl), saline (NS), PRP, and BMC groups, and OA was induced by surgery in NS, PRP, and BMC groups. Autologous PRP and BMC were obtained from whole blood and bone marrow aspirates, respectively. The data revealed, platelets were increased in BMC by 1.8‐fold, monocytes by 5.6‐fold, TGF‐β1 by 7.7‐fold, and IGF‐1 by 3.6‐fold (p < 0.05), and platelets were increased in PRP by 2.9‐fold, and TGF‐β1 by 3.3‐fold (p < 0.05). From the sixth week post‐operation, saline, PRP, and BMC were administered by intraarticular injection once every 4 weeks, three consecutive times. After the animals were sacrificed, inflammatory cytokines in the synovial fluid was measured, and bone and cartilage degeneration progression was observed by macroscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Compared with the NS group, the level of inflammatory cytokines was reduced in the PRP and BMC groups (p < 0.05). Histologically, delayed cartilage degeneration and higher levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) were observed in both PRP and BMC treated groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the BMC group showed greater cartilage protection and less ECM loss than the PRP group (p < 0.05). In summary, this study showed that intraarticular injection of autologous PRP and BMC has therapeutic efficacy in a goat osteoarthritis model, with the greater benefit in terms of cartilage protection being observed in the BMC‐treated group than PRP. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2140–2146, 2018.
Raman spectrum of oxyorthosilicate Lu2SiO5: Ab initio calculation
Authors: Nazipov Dmitriy V. , Nikiforov Anatoliy E.
Published: February 2018

Raman spectra of oxyorthosilicate Lu2SiO5 have been computed in the framework of density functional theory with hybrid functionals using molecular orbitals approximation. Results are compared with existing experimental data. With general agreement with experiment, there are differences in some regions of wavenumbers. Analysis of vibrations has been performed using calculated eigenvectors and isotopic substitution method. Optimized crystal structure parameters are in excellent agreement with the experiment with maximum difference less than 2%. Obtained value of the band gap 6.43 eV is also in a good agreement with the literature data (6 eV).
Statistical analysis of cuboctahedral silver nanocrystals Langmuir–Blodgett film SERS substrate
Authors: Chen Wei‐Liang , Huang Yi‐Hsin , Cheng Hui‐Yu , Kuo Tsung‐Rong , Chang Yu‐Ming
Published: February 2018

With single‐molecule sensitivity, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has promised to be a powerful tool from chemical analysis to biosensors. However, problem with large signal fluctuations for reproducibility has impeded SERS from widespread application. The fabrication of SERS substrate with large and uniform enhancement in combination with an effective target analyte‐transfer process is crucial for applications of SERS for trace molecule detection. In this study, we performed laser‐scanning confocal mapping to characterize 3 SERS substrate samples. The substrate consists of a monolayer of cuboctahedral silver nanocrystals (AgNCs) made with Langmuir–Blodgett technique. The synthesis of the cuboctahedral AgNCs involves the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a shape‐controlling agent that remains on the surface of the nanocrystals. Using PVP as an analyte, we investigate the temporal and spatial variation of PVP SERS signals from the cuboctahedral AgNC Langmuir–Blodgett film. Analyzing the enhancement probability distribution with a model allows quantitative characterization of the cuboctahedral AgNC SERS substrates. The results help to identify important SERS substrate characteristics that influence the performance of the SERS substrate.
Effects of applying oil‐extracted microalgae on the fermentation quality, feed‐nutritive value and aerobic stability of ensiled sweet sorghum
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Junfeng , Dong Zhihao , Yuan Xianjun , Shao Tao
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

A laboratory‐silo study was conducted to evaluate the fermentation quality, feed‐nutritive value and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage with or without oil‐extracted microalgae supplementation. Sweet sorghum was mixed with four microalgae levels (0%, 1%, 2% and 3% on a dry matter basis; control, M1, M2 and M3, respectively) and ensiled for 45 d. Further, the four experimental silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test lasting 7 d.

RESULTS

All the silages except M3 silage had good fermentative characteristics with low pH and ammonia nitrogen concentrations, and high lactic acid concentrations and favorable microbial parameters. Meanwhile, oil‐extracted microalgae supplementation improved the feed‐nutritional value of sweet sorghum silage. Fibre (neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin and cellulose) concentrations decreased, while dry matter and crude protein levels markedly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control (69.7 h), treatments M2 and M3 improved the aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage by 43.8% and more than 143% respectively, and decreased the clostridia spore counts during the stage of air exposure.

CONCLUSION

Sweet sorghum silage produced with 2% oil‐extracted microalgae addition was the most suitable for animal use due to the optimal balance of fermentation quality, feed‐nutritional value and aerobic stability, which merits further in vivo studies using grazing ruminants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of chronic heat exposure on growth performance, intestinal epithelial histology, appetite‐related hormones and genes expression in broilers
Authors: He Xiaofang , Lu Zhuang , Ma Bingbing , Zhang Lin , Li Jiaolong , Jiang Yun , Zhou Guanghong , Gao Feng
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Heat stress often occurs in the modern poultry industry, which impairs growth performance, particularly via reducing appetite. This study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of attenuating appetite by chronic heat exposure in broilers. A total of 144 broilers (28 days old) were allocated to normal control (NC, 22 °C), heat stress (32 °C), and pair‐fed (22 °C) groups.

RESULTS

Chronic heat exposure significantly increased cloacal temperatures and respiration rates, decreased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain, increased feed‐to‐gain ratio compared with the NC group, and elevated the concentrations of ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK) both in serum and intestine, as well as peptide YY and somatostatin in intestine on 35‐ or 42‐day‐old broilers. Moreover, heat exposure decreased villi height (VH) and the ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD), while it increased CD in the jejunum on 35‐ and 42 day‐olds, increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of valine and isoleucine in plasma on 42 days, and upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression of taste receptor type 1 members 1 and 3 (T1R1 and T1R3), CCK, and ghrelin in the intestine on 35‐ or 42‐day‐old broilers.

CONCLUSION

Chronic heat exposure impairs the performance, intestinal morphology and appetite, which may be correlated with the increased secretion or gene expression of appetite‐related hormones and genes, and the higher expression of nutrient‐sensing receptors (T1R1 and T1R3) in broilers. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Simple method for the determination of personal care product ingredients in lettuce by ultrasound‐assisted extraction combined with solid‐phase microextraction followed by GC–MS
Authors: Cabrera‐Peralta Jerónimo , Peña‐Alvarez Araceli
Published: February 2018

A simple method for the simultaneous determination of personal care product ingredients: galaxolide, tonalide, oxybenzone, 4‐methylbenzyliden camphor, padimate‐o, 2‐ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, octocrylene, triclosan, and methyl triclosan in lettuce by ultrasound‐assisted extraction combined with solid‐phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was developed. Lettuce was directly extracted by ultrasound‐assisted extraction with methanol, this extract was combined with water, extracted by solid‐phase microextraction in immersion mode, and analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Good linear relationships (25–250 ng/g, R2 > 0.9702) and low detection limits (1.0–25 ng/g) were obtained for analytes along with acceptable precision for almost all analytes (RSDs < 20%). The validated method was applied for the determination of personal care product ingredients in commercial lettuce and lettuces grown in soil and irrigated with the analytes, identifying the target analytes in leaves and roots of the latter. This procedure is a miniaturized and environmentally friendly proposal which can be a useful tool for quality analysis in lettuce.
Preparation of bio‐based keratin‐derived magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for the facile and selective separation of bisphenol A from water
Authors: Hassanzadeh Marjan , Ghaemy Mousa
Published: February 2018

In this study, new bio‐based magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (∼23 nm) were synthesized from keratin extracted from chicken feathers and methacrylate‐functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles for its potential application in separation and removal of bisphenol A from water. The prepared magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, alternative gradient field magnetometry, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The sorption of bisphenol A was investigated by changing the influencing factors such as pH, immersion time, Fe3O4 nanoparticles dosage, and the initial concentration of bisphenol A. Results illustrated that sorption was very fast and efficient (Qm = 600 mg/g) having a removal efficiency of ∼98% in 40 min of immersion. The adsorption process showed better conformity with the Weber−Morris kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm model. The selectivity of bisphenol A by adsorbent was checked in the presence of hydroquinone, phenol, tetrabromobisphenol, and 4,4′‐biphenol as interferences.
Amino acid racemization and its relation to geochronology and archaeometry
Authors: Bravenec Ardith D. , Ward Karen D. , Ward Timothy J.
Published: February 2018

Amino acid racemization, used as a method of relative and quantitative dating of fossils, evaluates the degree of postmortem conversion of l to d amino acid enantiomers. While extensively utilized, this method has garnered confusion due to controversial age estimates for human fossils in North America in the 1970s. This paper explains the age controversy and aftermath, current chromatographic methods used in research, mathematical calibration models, and a short synopsis of other dating techniques in geochronology and archaeometry.
Analysis of new psychoactive substances in human urine by ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid and liquid chromatography: Validation and comparison
Authors: Borovcová Lucie , Pauk Volodymyr , Lemr Karel
Published: February 2018

New psychoactive substances represent serious social and health problem as tens of new compounds are detected in Europe annually. They often show structural proximity or even isomerism, which complicates their analysis. Two methods based on ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography and ultra high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection were validated and compared. A simple dilute‐filter‐and‐shoot protocol utilizing propan‐2‐ol or methanol for supercritical fluid or liquid chromatography, respectively, was proposed to detect and quantify 15 cathinones and phenethylamines in human urine. Both methods offered fast separation (<3 min) and short total analysis time. Precision was well <15% with a few exceptions in liquid chromatography. Limits of detection in urine ranged from 0.01 to 2.3 ng/mL, except for cathinone (5 ng/mL) in supercritical fluid chromatography. Nevertheless, this technique distinguished all analytes including four pairs of isomers, while liquid chromatography was unable to resolve fluoromethcathinone regioisomers. Concerning matrix effects and recoveries, supercritical fluid chromatography produced more uniform results for different compounds and at different concentration levels. This work demonstrates the performance and reliability of supercritical fluid chromatography and corroborates its applicability as an alternative tool for analysis of new psychoactive substances in biological matrixes.
Age‐related hearing loss: Unraveling the pieces
Authors: Tu Nathan C. , Friedman Rick A.
Published: February 2018

Age‐related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most common cause of hearing loss in the world. The development of ARHL in each individual is multifactorial, involving both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This review highlights several of the key findings in the ARHL literature and discusses future directions.

Level of Evidence

NA.
Association of alterations in smell and taste with depression in older adults
Authors: Hur Kevin , Choi Janet S. , Zheng Melissa , Shen Jasper , Wrobel Bozena
Published: February 2018

Objective

Examine the relationship between depression and changes in smell or taste.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional analysis of 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods

We examined 5,275 adults ≥40 years old who completed smell and taste questionnaires as well as a validated depression assessment instrument, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9). Analyses incorporated sampling weights to account for the complex sampling design and associations were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression adjusted for related demographics and socioeconomic data.

Results

The prevalence of altered smell and taste was 23.0% (95% CI: 20.7–25.3%) and 11.9% (95% CI: 10.7–13.1%), respectively. Among those who met criteria for major depressive disorder, the prevalence of altered smell and taste was higher at 39.8% (95% CI: 33.4–46.1%) and 23.7% (95% CI: 18.7–28.7%), respectively. In a multivariate model adjusting for age, gender, education, major comorbidities, smoking history, heavy alcohol use, sinus disease, cold symptoms, and trauma history, adults ≥40 and <65 years old who reported alterations in smell (OR: 1.64, p = 0.004) and adults ≥40 years old who reported alterations in taste (OR: 1.77, p = 0.001) were more likely to meet criteria for major depressive disorder.

Conclusion

There is a strong association between major depression and alterations in smell and taste among certain age groups in the general U.S. population. Primary care providers should screen for depression when patients report changes in smell or taste.

Level of Evidence

4.
Ultracompact Broadband Plasmonic Polarimeter
Authors: Lee Kyookeun , Yun Hansik , Mun Sang‐Eun , Lee Gun‐Yeal , Sung Jangwoon , Lee Byoungho
Published: February 2018

Polarization is one of the fundamental properties of light, which is inherited from the vectorial nature of electromagnetic waves. Measuring states of polarizations (SOPs) is widely used for remote sensing applications. A number of ultracompact polarimeters that analyze SOPs at a single detection without splitting of incident beams have been demonstrated recently. However, the development of a broadband polarimeter remains challenging due to the resonant feature of their building blocks. Here, an ultracompact polarimeter that retrieves the SOP of incident light with broad operation bandwidth at near‐infrared wavelengths is proposed. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excited by X‐shaped aperture arrays are utilized as intensity probes. Full‐Stokes parameters are retrieved by detecting the SPP intensities. The proposed polarimeter is demonstrated experimentally and can measure SOPs at wavelengths from 750 nm to 1050 nm. This work can help to develop more compact polarization‐sensitive optical systems, such as polarimetry, ellipsometry, and optical routers.
Assessment of the spectrum of hepatic encephalopathy: A multicenter study
Authors: Reuter Bradley , Walter Kara , Bissonnette Julien , Leise Michael D. , Lai Jennifer , Tandon Puneeta , Kamath Patrick S. , Biggins Scott W. , Rose Christopher F. , Wade James B. , Bajaj Jasmohan S.
Published: February 2018

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major cause of morbidity in cirrhosis. However, its severity assessment is often subjective, which needs to be studied systematically. The aim was to determine how accurately trainee and nontrainee practitioners grade and manage HE patients throughout its severity. We performed a survey study using standardized simulated patient videos at 4 US and 3 Canadian centers. Participants were trainees (gastroenterology/hepatology fellows) and nontrainees (faculty, nurse practitioners, physician assistants). We determined the accuracy of HE severity identification and management options between grades <2 or ≥2 HE and trainees/nontrainees. In total, 108 respondents (62 trainees, 46 nontrainees) were included. For patients with grades <2 versus ≥2 HE, a higher percentage of respondents were better at correctly diagnosing grades ≥2 compared with grades <2 (91% versus 64%; P < 0.001). Specialized cognitive testing was checked significantly more often in grades <2, whereas more aggressive investigation for precipitating factors was ordered in HE grades >2. Serum ammonia levels were ordered in almost a third of grade ≥2 patients. For trainees and nontrainees, HE grades were identified similarly between groups. Trainees were less likely to order serum ammonia and low‐protein diets, more likely to order rifaximin, and more likely to perform a more thorough workup for precipitating factors compared with nontrainee respondents. There was excellent concordance in the classification of grade ≥2 HE between nontrainees versus trainees, but lower grades showed discordance. Important differences were seen regarding blood ammonia, specialized testing, and nutritional management between trainees and nontrainees. These results have important implications at the patient level, interpreting multicenter clinical trials, and in the education of practitioners. Liver Transplantation 24 587–594 2018 AASLD.
Antiplasticizing Behaviors of Glucarate and Lignin Bio‐Based Derivatives on the Properties of Gel‐Spun Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers
Authors: Lu Chunhong , Ford Ericka
Published: February 2018

Petrol and biochemical plasticizers are added to poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to improve its processability while tuning its moisture sensitivity. But those additives often reduce the mechanical performance of PVA products. In this study, the antiplasticization and properties of PVA containing additives from biorenewable sources are studied. PVA fibers are gel‐spun having up to 3 wt% glucarate salts and 30% lignin. Glucarate lowers the gel melting temperature of PVA and increases fiber draw ratio. Further, glucarate enhances the mechanical performance of PVA beyond that of neat fibers. Interestingly, the combination of lignin and glucarate causes phase separation among fiber—a PVA/glucarate phase as the fiber core and lignin/PVA phase as the fiber shell. Neat PVA partially dissolves in 85 °C water; whereas, fibers containing glucarate and/or lignin resist dissolution. Thus, the combination of glucarate and lignin can induce high strength and moisture resistance, which are desirable industrial fiber properties.
Silk and Silk‐Like Supramolecular Materials
Authors: Fink Tanner D. , Zha R. Helen
Published: February 2018

Silk is a source of marvel for centuries as one of nature's high‐performance materials. More recently, chemical and structural analysis techniques have helped explore the relationship between silk's properties and its hierarchical structure. Furthermore, recombinant protein engineering as well as polymer and organic synthesis techniques have enabled the production of silk‐like materials. It has become apparent that silk is a supramolecular polymer with many of the properties exhibited by well‐known synthetic supramolecular materials, such as block copolymers, liquid crystals, thermoplastic elastomers, and self‐assembling peptides. In this review, the hierarchical structure and supramolecular assembly of silk are discussed in comparison to these synthetic supramolecular systems. By focusing on the connections between chemical structure, nanoscale molecular organization, and material properties, the aim is to provide perspectives on the rational design of advanced soft matter to supramolecular chemists and molecular engineers who look to nature for inspiration.
Technical Note: Feasibility of MRI‐based estimation of water‐equivalent path length to detect changes in proton range during treatment courses
Authors: Uh Jinsoo , Krasin Matthew J. , Hua Chia‐ho
Published: February 2018

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of using on‐treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect proton range changes during treatment courses.

Methods

MRI‐based virtual computed tomography (vCT) was generated to calculate water‐equivalent path length (WEPL) at the distal surface of a clinical target volume. T2‐weighted MR images with and without fat suppression were processed by thresholding and fuzzy c‐mean clustering to assign a bulk HU (Hounsfield Unit) to each segment of fat, water, and air. Bony tissues in vCT were transferred from planning CT via a region‐based registration. We validated this method using images from three patients (aged 9, 12, and 17 yr old) with pelvic sarcomas who underwent proton therapy. MRI‐based WEPL was evaluated against those of repeat CT (rCT) and cone beam CT (CBCT).

Results

The vCT agreed well with the rCT, wherein the use of bulk HU and imperfect bone registration contributed to discrepancies. The 99th percentile error of the MRI‐based WEPL was up to 3.3 mm for posterior fields when we compensated the effect of mobile air. The gamma index (2‐mm WEPL/2‐mm pixel distance) was greater than 99% for those fields. We observed larger errors for anterior fields, which were due to bowel gas movement, mismatched respiratory motion, and differences in patient posture between the vCT and rCT. Applied to multiple on‐treatment MRI of a patient, the estimated WEPL demonstrated an underrange trend, which was consistent with the CBCT results and the increased patient body circumference.

Conclusions

The MRI‐based vCT produced highly accurate WEPL estimates, demonstrating the potential of using on‐treatment MRI for detecting changes in proton ranges.
Validation of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) in New Zealand help‐seeking adolescents
Authors: Thabrew Hiran , Stasiak Karolina , Bavin Lynda‐Maree , Frampton Chris , Merry Sally
Published: February 2018

Objective

This study examines the reliability and validity of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) for measuring depression in New Zealand help‐seeking adolescents.

Method

A sample of 183 adolescents completed the 33‐item MFQ, which includes all 13 items on the SMFQ, at three time points during a trial of a computerized intervention for depression.

Results

Both the MFQ and SMFQ demonstrated good to excellent Cronbach's alphas, moderate to strong item‐total score correlations, moderate to strong correlations with quality of life and anxiety measures, and strong correlations with the clinician‐rated Children's Depression Rating Scale—Revised and the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale 2 at all time points, indicating good reliability and content, convergent, and concurrent validities, respectively. Favoring sensitivity over specificity, the optimal cut‐off value for differentiating depressed from nondepressed cases for the MFQ was ≥28 and for the SMFQ was ≥12. Both instruments demonstrated satisfactory diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity to change.

Conclusion

The MFQ and SMFQ are free and simple instruments that can be used to identify depression and measure symptom change in New Zealand help‐seeking adolescents.
Quantum‐rotor‐induced polarization
Authors: Meier Benno
Published: February 2018

Quantum‐rotor‐induced polarization is closely related to para‐hydrogen‐induced polarization. In both cases, the hyperpolarized spin order derives from rotational interaction and the Pauli principle by which the symmetry of the rotational ground state dictates the symmetry of the associated nuclear spin state. In quantum‐rotor‐induced polarization, there may be several spin states associated with the rotational ground state, and the hyperpolarization is typically generated by hetero‐nuclear cross‐relaxation. This review discusses preconditions for quantum‐rotor‐induced polarization for both the 1‐dimensional methyl rotor and the asymmetric rotor H217O@C60, that is, a single water molecule encapsulated in fullerene C60. Experimental results are presented for both rotors.
Impact on quality of life and sexual satisfaction of continent cystostomy with enterocystoplasty in an adult neurologic population
Authors: Lam Van Ba Ornella , Soustelle Laurent , Wagner Laurent , Siegler Nicolas , Boukaram Michel , Naoum Kamel Ben , Droupy Stéphane , Chevrot Armand , Costa Pierre
Published: February 2018

Aims

To evaluate long‐term general and urinary quality of life (QOL) and sexual satisfaction in adult neurologic patients undergoing continent cystostomy surgery associated with a bladder enlargement to treat neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.

Methods

Monocentre, retrospective series of adult neurologic patients who underwent continent cystostomy with bladder enlargement and followed‐up in the long‐term. We assessed during follow‐up, urinary and renal function and patients filled QOL questionnaires on general QOL, sexuality and urinary (short form Qualiveen) disability.

Results

Fifty‐three patients were included and followed‐up 77 months on average. Rates of patients’ satisfaction, stomal and urethral continences were respectively of 98.7% (n = 51), 94.1% (n = 48), and 80.4% (n = 41). Impact of surgery on general QOL and autonomy were strong and positive (respective mean scores of 4.8 and 4.7 on a scale ranging from 1 to 5). Mean overall urinary Qualiveen QOL score was 0.8 (0.09‐2.67) indicating a low negative impact of urinary disability on QOL. In patients <45 years, 52.6% (n = 10) reported a moderate to important improvement of their sexuality after surgery. Renal function remained stable during follow‐up.

Conclusion

In the long‐term, continent cystostomy with bladder enlargement provides great satisfaction to almost most patients. It has a strong positive impact on general and specific urinary QOL, patients’ autonomy and urinary continence. In young patients a positive impact on sexuality was also noticed. These encouraging data, that need to be confirmed, constitute interesting information to provide to neurologic patients to help them deciding whether they are willing to undergo continent cystostomy surgery.
Prevalence and risk of sport types to stress urinary incontinence in sportswomen: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hagovska Magdaléna , Švihra Ján , Buková Alena , Dračková Dana , Švihrová Viera
Published: February 2018

Objective

The objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence and risk of developing stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in each type of high‐intensity sport, and the associated impact on quality of life in sportswomen.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted between March and November 2016. The study included 278 sportswomen. The basic inclusion criteria were being nulliparous and engaging in high‐intensity physical activity. The exclusion criteria were childbirth, surgical treatment of gynecological and urological illnesses and urinary tract infection. For evaluation were used: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence (ICIQ‐UISF), the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB‐q), the Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (I‐QOL).

Results

The highest percentage of SUI was found in athletes (23.8%), followed by volleyball players (19.6%). We found that cumulative metabolic equivalent (MET) did not affect SUI, but the type of sport did. The risk of SUI was highest in volleyball sportswomen (odds ratio[OR] = 2.16,95% confidence interval[CI] = 0.96–4.89, P < 0.05) and athletes (OR = 2.56,95%CI = 0.87–7.51, P = 0.08). As assessed by the I‐ QOL, SUI in people who participated in fitness and athletics (e.g., basketball, volleyball and handball) had a negative impact on quality of life including behavior, psychosocial impacts and social embarrassment score.

Conclusion

Volleyball players have a 116% chance of getting SUI compared to women who play other types of sports that were analyzed as part of this study. Healthcare professionals should inform the population of sportswomen with risk factors for SUI in order to implement preventive physiotherapy for strengthening pelvic floor muscles.
Physicochemical Stability and Sterility of Standard Parenteral Nutrition Solutions and Simulated Y‐Site Admixtures for Neonates
Authors: Riera Pau , Garrido‐Alejos Gemma , Cardenete Joana , Moliner Elisenda , Zapico‐Muñiz Edgar , Cardona Daniel , Garin Noe
Published: February 2018

Background

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is frequently needed in neonatal intensive care. The use of standard PN has emerged as an easy‐to‐prescribe approach that allows one to have on‐site, ready‐to‐use PN. The aim of this study was to test the physicochemical stability and sterility of 2 specific PN solutions as well as simulate Y‐site compatibility with lipid injectable emulsions (ILE).

Methods

Our study considered 2 standard ILE–free PN solutions according to neonatal weight. These solutions were prepared in duplicate and stored at 4°C. The following physicochemical parameters were tested: visual alterations, turbidity, pH, osmolarity, and calcium concentration. Sterility was assessed by means of agar blood culture and glucose concentration determination. In addition, we assessed the stability of simulated Y‐site admixtures. For each standard ILE‐free PN solution, 2 3‐in‐1 PN admixtures were designed, considering extreme values of fluid requirements (50 and 150 ml/kg/d) and a fat supply of 2 g/kg/24 h. The physicochemical parameters tested were phase separation and fat mean droplet size distribution.

Results

No alterations were detected by visual inspection. Calcium concentrations, turbidity, pH, and osmolarity values remained stable in all the determinations. All agar blood cultures were negative and glucose concentration was constant over time. Physical stability of simulated Y‐site admixtures was considered acceptable as mean droplet size distribution remained below 500 nm in all the emulsions.

Conclusion

The 2 tested standard ILE‐free PN solutions for neonates are physicochemically stable and sterile for 31 days under refrigeration (4°C). These solutions are also stable in case of Y‐site administration with ILE at the conditions tested.
Three methods for two‐sided bounds of eigenvalues—A comparison
Authors: Vejchodský Tomáš
Published: February 2018

We compare three finite element‐based methods designed for two‐sided bounds of eigenvalues of symmetric elliptic second order operators. The first method is known as the Lehmann–Goerisch method. The second method is based on Crouzeix–Raviart nonconforming finite element method. The third one is a combination of generalized Weinstein and Kato bounds with complementarity‐based estimators. We concisely describe these methods and use them to solve three numerical examples. We compare their accuracy, computational performance, and generality in both the lowest and higher order case.
Prevalence of potential sexual abuse in adolescents and young adults and feasibility of an assessment and management plan used in three research projects
Authors: Morrow Charlene , Thomas Rachel , Ding Lili , Kahn Jessica A.
Published: February 2018

The aims of this study were to examine the feasibility of a protocol to assess for assessment and response to potential sexual abuse (defined as self‐report of sexual initiation before age 13) among adolescent and young adult research participants in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination screening; determine the proportion of participants whose survey responses indicated potential sexual abuse and assess whether age, gender, race, and recruitment site were associated with potential abuse. We pooled data from three cross‐sectional studies of 13–26 year‐old women and men (N = 1541) recruited at a Teen Health Center (THC) and Health Department (HD). Using written and electronic documentation, we demonstrated feasibility by the following outcomes: 100% of participants who indicated early sexual initiation were interviewed by the research staff, 100% of assessments were disclosed to participants’ primary care clinicians, and no adverse consequences of the interviews or referrals occurred. Potential sexual abuse was identified in 95 participants (6.2%). In multivariable logistic regression, the following factors were independently associated with potential abuse: race (Black vs. White, odds ratio [OR] = 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6–5.7; other race vs. White, OR = 2.6, 95%CI = 1.0–6.5); and recruitment site (HD vs. THC, OR = 2.1, 95%CI = 1.4–3.3). The standardized protocol to identify, assess and refer youth who may have been sexually abused was feasible and can enable researchers to ensure the safety of study participants.
A possible case of symbolic trepanation in Neolithic Central Germany
Authors: Nicklisch Nicole , Dresely Veit , Orschiedt Jörg , Ramsthaler Frank , Schlenker Björn , Ganslmeier Robert , Friederich Susanne , Meller Harald , Alt Kurt W.
Published: February 2018

Manipulations on prehistoric skulls such as trepanations are among the most fascinating palaeopathological findings though it is not always easy to make a firm diagnosis. This case study presents a lesion on the cranial vault of a Late Neolithic burial in Central Germany. The defect forms an almost lanceolate lesion along the sagittal suture, which had not penetrated the cranial vault. Similar lesions have been found in other areas of Germany and in the Balkans, where they have been interpreted as aborted, incomplete, or symbolic trepanations. This study explores potential causes for the unusual lesion and outlines possible therapeutic reasons for the manipulation of the skull. Comparison with similar cases also raises the question of a symbolic or ritual context. Thus, the study supports the hypothesis of symbolic surgical head manipulation in the European Neolithic.
The impact of the Inca Empire in Northwest Argentina: Assessment of health status and food consumption at Esquina de Huajra (Quebrada de Humahuaca, Argentina)
Authors: Gheggi M. S. , Williams V. I. , Cremonte M. B.
Published: February 2018

The Inca Empire annexed the modern territory of Northwest Argentina ca. 1450 AD. Inca presence manifested regionally with different intensity, highlighting that the Empire carried out different strategies when interacting with conquered populations even within the same region. Regional fluctuations in power centralization may affect the quality of life of local groups, regarding access to food, labour, conflict, or inequality. In this paper, we analyse stable isotopes, dental, and osteological information to evaluate if the individuals that inhabited the archaeological site Esquina de Huajra (Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy) experienced a deprived life quality under Inca administration. Isotopic results signal a balanced diet composed of both vegetal and animal resources, and skeletal indicators of health do not suggest a population undergoing stress.
An algorithm for predicting Robin sequence from fetal MRI
Authors: Resnick Cory M. , Kooiman Tessa D. , Calabrese Carly E. , Zurakowski David , Padwa Bonnie L. , Koudstaal Maarten J. , Estroff Judy A.
Published: February 2018

Background

Infants with Robin sequence (RS) may present with airway compromise at delivery. Prenatal diagnosis would improve preparation and postnatal care. The purpose of this study was to devise a predictive algorithm for RS based on fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

Retrospective case‐control study including fetal MRIs from 2002 to 2017. Inclusion criteria were (1) MRI of adequate quality, (2) live‐born infant, and (3) postnatal evaluation. Subjects were grouped on the basis of postnatal diagnosis: (1) RS (micrognathia, glossoptosis, airway obstruction), (2) micrognathia without airway obstruction (“micrognathia”), (3) cleft lip and palate (“CLP”), and (4) gestational age–matched controls. A series of possible predictive variables were assessed on MRI. Receiver operator curves were applied to identify cut‐off values, and a multivariable algorithm was developed.

Results

A total of 162 subjects with mean gestational age at MRI of 25.6 ± 4.9 weeks were included: RS, n = 27 (17%); micrognathia, n = 35 (22%); CLP, n = 46 (28%); control, n = 54 (33%). Three variables were independent predictors of RS: (1) Veau I/II cleft palate (OR = 38.8), (2) tongue shape index (>80%; OR = 8.7), and (3) inferior facial angle (<48°; OR = 14.5).

Conclusion

MRI findings of cleft palate, TSI >80% and IFA <48° indicate a 98% probability of RS, whereas a lack of all 3 features denotes a likelihood of 1%.
The Long History of the Diverse Roles of Short ORFs: sPEPs in Fungi
Authors: Erpf Paige E. , Fraser James A.
Published: February 2018

Since the completion of the genome sequence of the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there have been significant advancements in the field of genome annotation, in no small part due to the availability of datasets that make large‐scale comparative analyses possible. As a result, since its completion there has been a significant change in annotated ORF size distribution in this first eukaryotic genome, especially in short ORFs (sORFs) predicted to encode polypeptides less than 150 amino acids in length. Due to their small size and the difficulties associated with their study, it is only relatively recently that these genomic features and the sORF‐encoded peptides (sPEPs) they encode have become a focus of many researchers. Yet while this class of peptides may seem new and exciting, the study of this part of the proteome is nothing new in S. cerevisiae, a species where the biological importance of sPEPs has been elegantly illustrated over the past 30 years. Here the authors showcase a range of different sORFs found in S. cerevisiae and the diverse biological roles of their encoded sPEPs, and provide an insight into the sORFs found in other fungal species, particularly those pathogenic to humans.
Secretome Analysis of Hypoxia‐Induced 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes Uncovers Novel Proteins Potentially Involved in Obesity
Authors: Laria Anna Elisa , Messineo Sebastiano , Arcidiacono Biagio , Varano Mariaconcetta , Chiefari Eusebio , Semple Robert K. , Rocha Nuno , Russo Diego , Cuda Giovanni , Gaspari Marco , Brunetti Antonio , Foti Daniela P.
Published: February 2018

In the obese state, as adipose tissue expands, adipocytes become hypoxic and dysfunctional, leading to changes in the pattern of adipocyte‐secreted proteins. To better understand the role of hypoxia in the mechanisms linked to obesity, we comparatively analyzed the secretome of murine differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes exposed to normoxia or hypoxia for 24 h. Proteins secreted into the culture media were precipitated by trichloroacetic acid and then digested with trypsin. The peptides were labeled with dimethyl labeling and analyzed by reversed phase nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer. From a total of 1508 identified proteins, 109 were differentially regulated, of which 108 were genuinely secreted. Factors significantly downregulated in hypoxic conditions included adiponectin, a known adipokine implicated in metabolic processes, as well as thrombospondin‐1 and ‐2, and matrix metalloproteinase‐11, all multifunctional proteins involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Findings were validated by Western blot analysis. Expression studies of the relative genes were performed in parallel experiments in vitro, in differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, and in vivo, in fat tissues from obese versus lean mice. Our observations are compatible with the concept that hypoxia may be an early trigger for both adipose cell dysfunction and ECM remodeling.
Experiences and unmet needs of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people with cancer care: A systematic review and meta‐synthesis
Authors: Lisy Karolina , Peters Micah D.J. , Schofield Penelope , Jefford Michael
Published: February 2018

Objectives

To explore the cancer care experiences and unmet needs of people who identify as a sexual or gender minority.

Methods

A qualitative systematic review and meta‐synthesis was undertaken based on a registered protocol. Following literature searching and study selection, study quality was examined by using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme Checklist. Qualitative data were extracted verbatim from included studies and synthesized by using thematic analysis.

Results

Fifteen studies that included lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people living with or beyond cancer were included in the review. Studies including gender minorities were not identified. Most of the study participants were sexual minority women with breast cancer or sexual minority men with prostate cancer. Meta‐synthesis of 106 individual findings generated 6 overarching themes pertaining to sexual orientation disclosure, experiences and fear of homophobia, positive and negative health‐care professional behaviors, heterocentric systems and care, inadequacy of available support groups, and unmet needs for patient‐centered care and LGB‐specific information. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual people often reported feelings of anxiety, invisibility, isolation, and frustration throughout the cancer care continuum.

Conclusions

Analysis of the experiences of LGB people with cancer care shows that LGB people face numerous challenges due to their sexual orientation and receive care that does not adequately address their needs. Training and education of health‐care professionals are strongly recommended to address some of these challenges and practice gaps. Culturally appropriate care includes avoiding heterosexual assumptions, use of inclusive language, the provision of tailored information, and involving partners in care.
Following patient pathways to psycho‐oncological treatment: Identification of treatment needs by clinical staff and electronic screening
Authors: Loth Fanny L. , Meraner Verena , Holzner Bernhard , Singer Susanne , Virgolini Irene , Gamper Eva M.
Published: February 2018

Objective

In this retrospective investigation of patient pathways to psycho‐oncological treatment (POT), we compared the number of POT referrals before and after implementation of electronic screening for POT needs and investigated psychosocial predictors for POT wish at a nuclear medicine department.

Methods

We extracted medical chart information about number of referrals and extent of follow‐up contacts. During standard referral (November 2014 to October 2015), POT needs were identified by clinical staff only. In the screening‐assisted referral period (November 2015 to October 2016), identification was supported by electronic screening for POT needs. Psychosocial predictors for POT wish were examined using logistic regression.

Results

We analysed data from 487 patients during standard referral (mean age 56.4 years; 60.2% female, 88.7% thyroid carcinoma or neuroendocrine tumours) of which 28 patients (5.7%) were referred for POT. Of 502 patients in the screening‐assisted referral period (mean age 57.0 years; 55.8% female, 86.6% thyroid carcinoma or neuroendocrine tumours), 69 (13.7%) were referred for POT. Of these, 36 were identified by psycho‐oncological (PO) screening and 33 by clinical staff. After PO‐screening implementation, referrals increased by a factor of 2.4. The strongest predictor of POT wish was depressive mood (P < .001). During both referral periods, about 15% of patients visited the PO outpatient unit additionally to inpatient PO consultations.

Conclusions

Our results provide evidence from a real‐life setting that PO screening can foster POT referrals, reduce barriers to express the POT wish, and hence help to meet psychosocial needs of this specific patient group. Differences between patients' needs, wish, and POT uptake should be further investigated.
Lignin‐Containing Self‐Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Enhance Stability and Oral Absorption of trans‐Resveratrol
Authors: Dai Lin , Zhu Weiyan , Liu Rui , Si Chuanling
Published: February 2018

Self‐nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is recently studied for enhancing the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs, such as resveratrol (RSV). However, the functional design of SNEDDS for the drug structural protection is not studied yet. Here, this paper presents an efficient approach by adding lignin (a kind of abundant biomass resource) to enhance the stability of trans‐RSV and meantime improve its oral bioavailability. Higher stability of trans‐RSV (just decreased 2% to cis‐RSV after 1 h under direct sunlight) is observed after loaded by lignin‐containing SNEDDS (RSV/SLS SNEDDS). Low toxicity, high transfer efficiency (apparent permeability coefficient >1 × 10−7 cm s−1), and bioavailability (1.371%) of RSV/SLS SNEDDS is successfully demonstrated in Caco‐2 cells and rat model, respectively. This study serves to illustrate a simple, versatile, environmental, and economic sustainability approach to the development of nanodelivery systems for light instability drugs.