bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stratified Sampling Differential Evolution Algorithm for Global Optimization Problem
Authors: Wen Shu Hua , Lu Qing Bo , Zhang Xue Liang
Published: February 2012

Differential Evolution (DE) is one kind of evolution algorithm, which based on difference of individuals. DE has exhibited good performance on optimization problem. However, when a local optimal solution is reached with classical Differential Evolution, all individuals in the population gather around it, and escaping from these local optima becomes difficult. To avoid premature convergence of DE, we present in this paper a novel variant of DE algorithm, called SSDE, which uses the stratified sampling method to replace the random sampling method. The proposed SSDE algorithm is compared with some variant DE. The numerical results show that our approach is robust, competitive and fast.
An Efficient Greedy EM Algorithm for Gaussian Mixture for Adaptive Model Selection Using the Kurtosis and Skewness Criterion
Authors: Wang Lin , Ma Jin Wen
Published: February 2012

For the Gaussian mixture learning, the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm as well as its modified versions are widely used, but there are still two major limitations: (i). the number of components or Gaussians must be known in advance, and (ii). There is no generally accepted method for parameters initialization to prevent the algorithm being trapped in one of the local maxima of the likelihood function. In order to overcome these weaknesses, we proposed a greedy EM algorithm based on a kurtosis and skewness criterion. Specifically, we start with a single component and add one component step by step under the framework of EM algorithm in order to decrease the value of the kurtosis and skewness measure which provides an efficient index to show how well the Gaussian mixture model fits the sample data. In such a way, the number of components can be selected adaptively during the EM learning and the learning parameters can possibly escape from local maxima.
Voxel-Based, Image Source-Independent 3D Asymmetry Quantification in the Maxillofacial Region
Authors: Lin Yu Cheng , Fang Jing Jing
Published: February 2012

This study proposes a voxel-based method, independent of image sources, for the evaluation, quantification, symmetry ratio definitions, and assessment of the optimal symmetry plane. Craniomaxillofacial bones can be evaluated through their symmetry ratio and the optimal symmetry plane can be used as a guide for oral and maxillofacial surgical planning and reconstruction after the removal of facial tumors, or as a guide for orthognathic surgery in jaw correction. This quantification analysis technique can be used in growth tracing planning, pre- and post-surgical comparisons, and the planning of follow-up therapy.
Study on Micro-Bulk Forming of Sheet Metal by Laser Shock
Authors: Wang Yun , Xu Guo Feng , Wang Rong Mao , Xu Zhen Ying , Wang Lei Gang , Yuan Guo Ding
Published: February 2012

The μLSF is a micro-plastic forming method with the laser-induced shock load generated by the plasma in confined medium. It is characterized in the high-pressure and ultra-high strain ratio. This paper developed the model of metal micro-bulk forming by laser shock, simulated the process of forming and compared the influence law of forming depth under the conditions of different laser energy ranging from 3J to 10.6J and sheet thickness ranging from 0.13mm to 0.30mm on. It showed that there exists a threshold for magnitude of the laser energy. The forming depth increased with the increase of magnitude when the magnitude was smaller than the threshold. However, it decreased with the increase of magnitude when the magnitude was larger than the threshold. When the magnitude of the laser energy was chosen, the forming depth presented non-linear reduction with the increase of sheet thickness.
A Study of Contact Stress on Coatings of Wheel-Slide Using ANSYS
Authors: Cai Jing , Xu Yi Ming , Lin Hai Bin
Published: February 2012

The main purpose of this research is to find a solution for the coating/substrate of the wheel-slide which is the key component of civil aircraft flaps and slats, firstly, the simulation test is designed based on wheel-slide’ s working environment. Further, stress analysis of the coating/substrate is researched, and the results are as the input parameters of the finite element model. Then the finite element software, ANSYS, is applied to simulate the contact stress of coating/substrate in wheel-slide, and the stress’s distribution of coating/substrate are analyzed under different load, different coating thickness, different elastic modulus ratio of coating and other parameters. So the stress field characteristics are gained to guide the conduct of modeling experiments. The results can be applied to explore the failure of mechanism coating/substrate system, and provide theoretical guidance to design the coatings.
Market Driving Digital NPD Method Based on Reverse Engineering and Rapid Prototyping Technology
Authors: Lin Li , Ran Xian Sheng , Luo Tian Hong
Published: February 2012

This study extends the new product development (NPD) to a new field; Market Driving Digital New Product Development Method is addressed in this paper, which is based on reverse engineering and rapid prototyping technology. This study finds that the higher the effort on marketing-R&D process, the less possible it might encounter risk. Thus, a better NPD performance can be achieved by market driving Digital NPD method (MDDNPD).A case study of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) is used to illustrate the new method. We believe that the proposed methodology will have a positive impact on the future new product development.
Study on Safety Risk Identification System (SRIS) for Metro Construction
Authors: Zhang Li Mao , Wu Xian Guo
Published: February 2012

Metro construction is gradually moving into high gear in China. However, safety incidents in metro projects have occurred frequently in recent years. Risk identification is crucial to safe construction. In order to solve problems in the current approach of risk identification, such as too much reliance on expert participation, low efficiency and so on. Safety Risk Identification System (SRIS), a combination of expert system technology and risk identification method, is researched and developed for metro construction. Through the knowledge integration process, fragmented and dispersed experiential knowledge in risk identification field on metro construction, is changed into rule base which can be directly invoked. By this way, SRIS helps realize knowledge sharing as well as risk identification automation, with important practical significance for safe construction nowadays.
Research Development of Deepwater Pipelaying Technology and Facilities
Authors: Feng Han , Duan Meng Lan , Wang De Guo , Hu Zhi Hui , Ni Ming Chen , Fu Guang Ming
Published: February 2012

With the exploitation of oil and gas resource in deepwater, pip-laying vessels have been the main way used for deepwater pipelaying. This paper introduced the three pipelaying methods widely used in offshore oil & gas field exploitation, and the characteristics of methods are analyzed. The latest development of pipelaying system in China was investigated.
Concept of a New Pluviometer for Metering Rainfall Erosivity
Authors: Alaimo Andrea , De Marchis Mauro , Freni Gabriele , Messineo Antonio , Ticali Dario
Published: February 2012

Rainfall is the main driver of several natural phenomena having a large impact on human activities. Its monitoring is then very important for natural disaster prevention and for the preservation of the environment. One important phenomenon is related to soil displacement due to rainfall impact. The intensity of physical soil degradation, detachment and transport of soil particles by raindrop splash and interrill erosion is largely controlled by rainfall characteristics. There is still a lot of debate as to whichparameter expresses the best rainfall erosivity. Due to the limited data ondrop-size distribution of natural rainfall and the time consuming nature of methods to obtain these data, rain erosivity parameters are commonly obtained from empirical relationships based on rainfall intensity. This paper describes an a new pluviometer able to measure several raindrop variables and assess rainfall kinetic energy at the impact with the ground. It enables one to measure drop size and drop velocity in real time and thus any parameter linked to rainfall erosivity. The pluviometer is based on the combination of optical and electrical sensors and it is based on cheap technologies in order to allow the easy distribution of several monitoring station on the analyzed area. A description of the device and of its sensor is presented in the present paper.
A Two-Stage Approach for Project Reviewer Assignment Problem
Authors: Chen Rong Chang , Shang Pei Hsuan , Chen Mei Chun
Published: February 2012

In this paper we employ a two-stage approach to solve the project reviewer assignment problem. The objective is to best satisfy the preferences of reviewers. In addition, the number of total movement times of reviewers is minimized. Reviewers are first invited to show their preferences to the projects with a number to indicate their priority. After aggregating the data, a two-stage approach is used to best match the reviewers and projects. At the first stage reviewers are assigned, while at the second stage review venues are arranged in a way that the total change times of venues for reviewers are minimized. The results show that the proposed two-stage scheme is very helpful in solving the project reviewer assignment problem.
CAT III Autoland Control Laws Design Based on Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Li Hui Jie , Yang Ling Yu , Shen Gong Zhang
Published: February 2012

The CAT III longitudinal automatic landing control laws based on multi-objective optimization is discussed. Firstly summarized the CAT III airworthiness criteria and transformed into the specifications of control system. The configuration of the longitudinal automatic landing controllers is proposed secondly and multi-objective optimization is used to tradeoff free parameters of the controllers. The Monte Carlo simulation results show the designed control laws fulfill the CAT III requirements, when there are uncertainties of structure, measurement error and disturbances.
A Neural Network-Based System for Bridge Health Monitoring
Authors: Lin Tzu Kang , Huang Ming Chih , Wang Jer Fu
Published: February 2012

A bridge health monitoring system based on neural network technology is proposed in this paper. Two major ground excitations recorded in Taiwan were used to establish the NARX-based system. Analytical results from different methods including transfer function, ARX-based model, and the proposed neural network-based system were used to evaluate the efficiency in health monitoring. The result shows that the proposed system can be used successfully with superior advantages after major earthquakes for bridge health monitoring.
Influence of Moisture Content and Bulk Density on Thermal Diffusivity of Green Teas
Authors: Yan Jian Wei , He Lin , Yang Liu Yong
Published: February 2012

The thermal diffusivity of green teas has been used as engineering parameter in the design of processes and machines for drying, storing and aeration. The thermal diffusivity of green teas was determined and its changes with moisture content, bulk density investigated. The thermal diffusivity values of green teas decreased from 8.126×10-8at 250 kgm-3to 5.037×10-8m2s–1at 550 kgm-3. The change of the thermal diffusivity of green teas at different moisture content shows that it increased from 8.281×10-8at 5.3% db to 12.617×10-8m2s–1at 70.0% db and from 7.497×10-8at 5.3% db to 12.464×10-8m2s–1at 70.0% db, respectively, as bulk density increased.
Study of Enterprise Strategic Combination in Jinan-Dezhou Regional Based on Supply Chain Partnership
Authors: Sun Zhi Sheng
Published: February 2012

Under background of economic globalization, urban and the local competition will be inflected on the regional economy integration’s advancement and the level. On the respect of region cooperation, Shandong Province proposes the policy to construct the central urban circle which is centered on Jinan. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up to sign the agreement “Jinan-Dezhou with the city” .The formation of Jinan-Dezhou with the city must be economy integration of two cites firstly. This paper focuses on coal industry which can cause fast fusion of two cities’ economy in the energy field, because the coal industry is the life gate to the Jinan Major industry’s development, simultaneously it is also Dezhou city’s superior industry. Moreover, these enterprises base on the same supply chain, and they can reach the cooperative agreement or form strategy combination quickly. When discussing concrete questions, the paper applies analysis to the coal enterprise. First, it elaborates significance of the physical distribution enterprise's conformity under the supply chain pattern. Next, it states inevitability of the supply chain strategy choice of coal group enterprise conformity under the market mechanism. Then, it proposes the “three centralisms” management pattern in the coal group enterprise. Last, it designs the supplied chain management pattern in the coal group business events flow.
Discussion on the Issues Related to the Evaluation of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Liu Shu Hua , Li Cheng
Published: February 2012

In the process that international society advocates low-carbon economy and in the movement of social responsibility, both theory field and practical field need to explore new thought as well as new model about how to evaluate enterprise’s social responsibility. Especially, in the practice of building harmony society of China, enterprise as basic organization and micro entity, should undertake social responsibility. This paper firstly defines the meaning of enterprise’s social responsibility, and then joining it with the practical condition of Chinese enterprise, from the angle of stake-holders including employee, stockholder, consumer, supplier, community, government and environment resource to build the evaluation index system of enterprise’s social responsibility, in order to offer a criterion and guideline for evaluating its performance.
Maturity Models as Tools for Focal Player Forming Virtual Organizations
Authors: Kangilaski Taivo
Published: February 2012

Supply chain management is the practice of coordinating the flow of goods, services, information and finances as they move from raw materials to parts supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Thus it is important for organisations to build up their partner networks supporting their long-term demand forecasts for capacity requirements. Constructing such an ecosystem, the companies need some supporting framework. The current article proposes maturity model based approach that could assist companies in their decisions.
Research on Inventory Sharing Policy in Assembly System with Random Demand Time
Authors: Xing Huai Xiang , Guan Xu
Published: February 2012

This paper investigates the inventory sharing policy in an assembly system with random demand time. A Stackelberg game has been built in a similar supply chain setting: manufacturer first decide the length of time period that for supplier taking charge of the inventory, and then followed by supplier chooses a best deliver time to manufacture. The research not only finds out the optimal decisions for both parties but also provide a relatively simple mechanism to achieve the supply chain coordination. The result shows that comparing to the traditional VMI policy, inventory sharing policy is always a better choice no matter for the supply chain or the manufacturer.
Research on Scheduling Model of Maintenance Support Force Based on Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Liu , Lv Feng Hua
Published: February 2012

The priority evaluation index of maintenance support force is established,and the mathematical description is developed. The priority of each maintenance support force unit is calculated with Monte Carlo simulation method, and the scheduling model is built on the basis of priority. Practical example shows that the model is accurate and effective.
Nanobiocomposite-Based Bienzyme Screen-Printed Electrode for Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Pakapongpan Saithip , Thachepan Surachai , Poo-Arporn Yingyot , Palangsuntikul Rungtiva
Published: February 2012

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were coated first with methylene blue (MB) by noncovalent adsorption and then by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOD) by covalent-linking. The MB-MWNTs/GOD/HRP composites formed stable films on screen-printed electrodes (SPE). The electrochemical and electrocatalytic behaviors of the bienzyme modified SPE were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. Using the MB-MWNT/GOD/HRP composites, glucose could be calibrated by amperometry at −0.35 V vs. SCE. The optimized response (at pH 7.0) had a sensitivity of 2.4 mA.M−1 and a limit of detection (3×S/N) of 35 µM. Tests of the portable bienzyme sensor demonstrate its imperviousness to the effects of ascorbic acid, uric acid and p-acetaminophen, as well as its ability to measure glucose concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 2 mM.
Wireless Sensor Networks Localization Algorithm Suit for Underground Coalface Environment
Authors: Qiao Gang Zhu , Zeng Jian Chao
Published: February 2012

For the complex environment and multi influencing factor in coalface, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a effective solutions for the coal face of environmental monitoring and miner positioning. Based on the environmental features of the coalface, a WSN deployment paradigm is proposed in this paper, and the DV-HOP localization algorithm is determined to be the miner location solution. Due to the low accuracy of DV-HOP algorithm on condition of the uneven structure of the coalface WSN and the big distance gap between adjacent node, a RSSI-based weight DV-HOP algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm the hops of adjacent node is weighted by the RSS of flooding packets transmitted between adjacent nodes, which associated the hops with the distance of adjacent nodes. Simulation results show that under the same experimental the accuracy of our algorithm is better than the DV-HOP algorithm, and can meet the requirements of localization on the coalface environment.
Production Mode Choice and Price Competition in the Presence of Network Effects: Shrink-Wrap via Cloud Service
Authors: Lee Mei Yu , Lee Yao Hsien , Lu Ying Jui
Published: February 2012

We investigate how firms facing different production modes of software service determine their production mode and pricing decisions in the presence of network effects. We develop a two-stage game model to examine the network effect on the choices of production mode and the strategic behavior of the firms. We find that if all firms adopt cloud service production mode, the resulting software price is higher than if they adopt shrink-wrapped production mode. We also find that network effects lower the level of market price.
Chemical Activation of Cementing Properties of Granulated Blast Furnace Slags
Authors: Lu Xian Jun , Hu Shu Gang , Jin Zi Qiao
Published: February 2012

Using CaO, NaOH and Na2CO3 as activators, the effects of dosage and combination of the activators on the cementing property of granulated blast furnace slags were investigated, and the hydration products of the activated slags were detected by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. Results indicate that CaO can be used as an effective activator for the slag samples and its optimum dosage is about 10%, but the CaO activated slags shows much lower early strength than the Portland cement. However, the early strength of the CaO activated slag can be remarkably improved by the addition of NaOH or Na2CO3. Under the addition of about 6% NaOH or Na2CO3, the overall compressive strength of the alkali activated slag is higher than a 42.5MPa Portland cement. XRD analysis revealed that the hydration products of the alkali activated slags are mainly amorphous materials, which is quite different from that of the Portland cement.
Synthesis of Si-O-C Nanoballs by CVD of Polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Yuan Xia , An Yu Liang , Sui Hong Chao , Zhang Chen
Published: February 2012

Here we reported that the Si-O-C nanoballs (SCONBs) were yielded from polyorganosiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The composite nanoballs with a range of diameters from 50 to 200nm were composed of silicon, carbon and oxygen based on analysis of EDX. At the transmission electron microscope(TEM) and scan electronic microscope(SEM), two populations of nanoballs were found: around 200nm and 500nm. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated that the nanoballs were dominatingly amorphous. Temperature played an key role in size distribution of Si-O-C nanoballs, and the 850–900°C temperature range was typical for nanoparticles growth via CVD.
The Effect of Gallium on the Microstructure of Superalloy K444
Authors: Liu Feng Guo , Zeng Chao , Xu Le , Sheng Li Yuan , Guo Yong An , Zhou Lan Zhang
Published: February 2012

In order to figure out whether Gallium works in the superalloy K444, its composition was modified by adding about 0.003 wt.% and 0.01 wt.% Ga, respectively. Microstructure of the modified superalloy K444 after standard heat treatment was investigated by using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The primary dendritic distance of these alloys had no significant changes with the increasing of Ga content, and there were no significant changes for the grain size of the three alloys. The content of eutectic was most in the alloy containing 0.01wt.% Ga, and the morphology of eutectic was most irregular. The segregation of other elements was effected by Ga and the elements of Cr and Zr were segregated seriously in the alloy containing 0.01wt.% Ga.
New Flotation Technology Research on Carbonate-Containing Hematite
Authors: Luo Xi Mei , Yin Wan Zhong , Ma Ying Qiang , Sun Chuan Yao , Yao Jin , Hou Ying , Li Qiang
Published: February 2012

A new flotation technology of carbonate-containing hematite was introduced in this paper, The results show that iron minerals are mainly composed of hematite, siderite, magnetite, limonite, ankerite, quartz, hornblende, and a small amount of chlorite, etc. The increase of iron carbonate can deteriorate the normal flotation of hematite, but now a new flotation technology can weaken the negative influence of iron carbonate on flotation, by which we can obtain the iron concentrate with grade of Fe 66.26 %, recovery of Fe 70.23%. It has been comprehensively demonstrated that the dispersant plays an important role in the selective separation of hematite from iron carbonate and iron silicate.
Purification of Low Grade Ca-Bentonite for Iron Ore Pellets
Authors: Liu Xiao Dong , Lu Xian Jun , Qiu Jun , Wang Zhi Ming , Wu Peng
Published: February 2012

According to the bentonites properties and mineral composition, three bentonites with 32-36% montmorillonite content(MC) from Laiyang, Shandong, China, are purified for utilizing low grade bentonite sufficiently. Research shows that the purification is effective by separating –325 mesh products from raw bentonite after soaking, stirring and rubbing in water. Firstly, the three bentonites are combined into one and soaked in water for 24h with the ratio of liquid and solid 15:1, and then, the bentonite is purified using –325 mesh sieve after stirring and rubbing in water for 1h with pulp density of 26%. Methylene blue index(MBI) of the product is 22.52g/100g, swell index(SI) is 5.5mL/2g, water absorption(WA) is 184.3%, water content(Wa.C) is 9.7%, and the indexes meet the stantard of three grade Ca-bentonite(TGCB)applying to iron ore pellets.
Research on the Reaction Behavior of Rare Earth Elements in Reduction
Authors: Gao Peng , Han Yue Xin , Sun Yong Sheng , Chen Chao
Published: February 2012

Occurrence state of rare earth elements in the different deoxidization stages and the behavior of rare earth elements in the process of depth reduction were studied by analyzing XRD and SEM images of Bayan Obo oxide ore in different deoxidization time. The results showed that deoxidization time had a great effect on the occurrence state of rare earth elements. With the increase of deoxidization time, rare earth minerals gradually translated from bastnaesite and urdite into (CaO•2Ce2O3•3SiO2).This phase was white with a small size. It was columnar or massive in most cases and could be easily separated from the iron phase. 97.18% of the rare earth elements, which could be recovered by flotation, gravity separation and magnetic separation, entered the iron tailings.
Semi-Arid Region Analysis of Soil Physicochemical Property in Mine Spoils and Phytoremediation Research
Authors: Zhang Xiao Wei , Wang En De
Published: February 2012

Semi-arid region of Soil repair in Mine spoils is a problem of worthy of attention and research, this paper assesses Fuxin mining area and YuanBaoShan mining area for test site, five kinds of site types are divided based on the investigation of mine spoils damage situation, and testing each sitetype of soil physical properties and the change of soil nutrient systematically, and doing the five kinds of sitetypes’phytoremediation research based on it. The evaluation results indicate: Mine spoils soil along with the increasing length of stopping discharging the gangue, the soil physical and chemical characteristics improve gradually. Through the research of vegetation and soil interaction relations we get the best Reclamation vegetation types of the Mine spoils. Mine spoils is an important form of land degradation, is one of the major environmental problems of today's world. This paper assesses Fuxin mining area and YuanBaoShan mining area for test site, testing each site type of soil physical properties and the change of soil nutrient systematically, and on the basis of experiments, putting forward the best Reclamation vegetation types for mine spoils.
Experimental Study on Using Fuxin Natural Zeolite to Prepare Molecular Sieves
Authors: Ma Zhi Jun , Zhang Kuan , Zhu Yi Min , Han Yue Xin
Published: February 2012

In this paper, the natural zeolite as raw material, zeolites was prepared by organic amines hydrothermal synthesis. The results are characterized by SEM and nitrogen adsorption / de-commanded test,and study the influence of the aging time, crystallization temperature and crystallization time on zeolite crystallization. The results showed that using natural zeolite as raw material and butylamine as templating agent, average pore size of 0.77nm, the relative crystallinity of 96.34% of the zeolite was prepared in the hydrothermal system. Optimal aging time is 12h, crystallization time is 48h, crystallization temperature is 170 °C.
Study on Adsorption Properties of Different Dyes on Montmorillonite
Authors: Chen Ping , Lu Xian Jun , Qiu Jun
Published: February 2012

Using Octadecyltrimethylammonium cations with long carbon chain to modify calcium montmorillonite samples, the adsorption properties of different dyes on montmorillonite before and after modification were investigated. Results showed that the basic dye of methylene blue was easily adsorbed by natual calcium montmorillonite, while the adsorption ability for acid blue and neutral blue was greatly improved when it was organically modified, and the adsorption amount increased with the increasing of modifier dosage. The adsorption ratio was influnced by reaction time, the temperature and the solution’s pH value. It suggested that the adsorption balance time was about 60min; higher temperature was good for acid blue adsorbed on organic montmorillonite, but neutral blue’s adsorption amount was greater at the room temperature; the optimum pH was 9 for methylene blue adsorption, while low pH was better for acid blue and neutral blue adsorption.
Study on Influence of Reduction Coal on Deep Reduction and Efficient Separation
Authors: Liu Jie , Zou Chun Lin , Han Yue Xin , Li Yan Jun , Zhang Shu Min
Published: February 2012

The effect of four different kinds of coals on deep reduction and efficient separation of Lingyang iron ore from Linjiang was investigated in laboratory. And, tests for flowsheets of deep reduction and efficient separation with different coals as reductant were conducted. The result showed that coal had significant effect on the deep reduction and efficient separation. Iron powder was more superior in quality with an increase in the content of fixed carbon and reducing ash. And when washed coal with 12.02% of ash and 67.83% of fixed carbon was used as reduction agent in test, the iron powder with Fe grade of 88.09%, recovery of 88.32% and Metallization rate of 86.81% was obtained.
Study on the X-Ray Radiation Pre-Sorting of Liaoning Chaoyang Low Grade Molybdenum Ore
Authors: Yin Wan Zhong , Liu Ming Bao , Li Qiang , Duan Li Yi , Ma Ying Qiang , Gao Ying , Han Yue Xin
Published: February 2012

The test of low grade Mo ore preconcentration index according to different separation threshold value was studied in this article. The results indicated that preconcentration index varies with the block of feeded material. Under the same test conditions ,the beneficiation index of -100+60mm size class particle was better than the other grain-sized particles and too large or too small particles all can affect the preconcentration index adversely.
Influence of DCCF on the Properties of Asphalt by DSC
Authors: Chen Xiao Long , Jiang Yu Zhi , Sun Yong Sheng , Han Yue Xin
Published: February 2012

The diatomite-cellulose composite fiber (DCCF) was used to modify the asphalt for pavement, and then the DCCF-modified asphalt was researched by DSC from the point of congeries state and energy change, the temperature and heat absorption of the phase transition as index, combined with the macro-road performance of asphalt. The results showed that the high/low-temperature performance and temperature susceptibility of the DCCF-modified asphalt were all improved obviously and would be the best if the modifier dosage was 0.5%. DSC could effectively explain the influence of DCCF on the properties of asphalt from the view point of congeries state and energy change, and the variation were consistent with the Macro-mechanical properties test results of the modified asphalt.
Preparation and Characterization of Honghua Powders by Ultrafine Pulverization
Authors: Yang Lian Wei , Wang Rui Jie , Gai Guo Sheng
Published: February 2012

Honghua has been demonstrated useful for promoting blood circulation and stopping pain. The physicochemical characterization of Honghua powders was greatly influenced by ultrafine pulverization. To study the physicochemical characterization of Honghua, the raw plant material of Honghua was ground to powders by high speed centrifugal sheering (HSCS) pulverizer. The micron powders were characterized by laser scattering granulometric analyzer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hydroxysafflor yellow A is one of active ingredients of Honghua, and its dissolution speed was determined to evaluate the chemical characterization of Honghua powder. The results showed that after ultrafine pulverization, dissolution speed of hydroxysafflor yellow A was increased by 28.6% compared with the normal powders
Research on Cementing Performances of Environment-Friendly Backfilling Cementation Material Based on Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Hu Shu Gang , Lu Xian Jun , Niu Hai Li , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2012

The blast-furnace slag （BFS）has been characterized by chemical and phase composition to evaluate its hydration reactivity. It has high potential activity for its glassy structure, so its use to prepare new filling cementation material is possible. New backfilling cementation material composition has been formulated and optimized by activation of BFS. The optimal formula of new backfilling cementation material SL(Slag activated by lime) and SLC(Slag activated by lime and calcium chloride) was 87% BFS ,13% lime and 86.84% BFS, 13.02% lime, 0.14% calcium chloride respectively. Finally, the feature of cementing properties was analyzed through comparison between new cementation material and ordinary Portland cement with compressive strength, water requirement of normal consistence, setting time, bleeding water and slump. The result showed that material SL and SLC have superior performance to ordinary Portland cement used to mining cemented filling.
Study on CO2 Adsorption of Sepoilite Modified by Mixture of Ethanolamine and N, N-Dimethyl Ethanolamine
Authors: Zhang Hua Li , Yan Chun Jie , Li Xu Jian , Wang Hong Quan , Zhou Sen
Published: February 2012

Sepoilite was surface-modified by the mixture of ethanolamine and n, n-dimethyl ethanolamine. The XRD, SEM, FT-IR, BET and TGA were used to characterize the material structure and the adsorption property in CO2. The results showed that the weight percentage of CO2 adsorption rose from 4.01% for pure sepoilite to 19.28% for the modified sepoilite at room temperature.
An Experimental Study of Fatigue Crack Propagation of 16MnR Pressure Vessel Steel in Mode-I Constant Amplitude Loading
Authors: Tu Wen Feng , Gao Zeng Liang , Hu Zhao Ji
Published: February 2012

An experimental investigation was performed on fatigue crack growth behavior of a 16MnR pressure vessel steel. Standard compact tension (CT) specimens with three specimen thicknesses and notch sizes were subjected to Mode I constant amplitude loading with several stress ratios and loading amplitudes. The results revealed that the stress ratio had an insignificant influence on the fatigue crack growth of the material. The stable fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) was accelerated as specimen thickness increased. The fatigue crack was extended in terms of the curve crack shape. The crack front at the surface was retarded compared to that at the interior along thickness direction, and the crack front at the mid-thickness plane reached the maximum value of the crack length. The similar curve crack shape was obtained in the stable crack growth stage. The maximum difference of the crack front along thickness direction was increased with the increasing of the specimen thickness. The early crack growth from the notch was effected by the size of the notch, the stress ratio and loading amplitude.
Research on Shear Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Short Beam in Salt-Fog Environment
Authors: Yang Wei Jun , Huang Hong Jia , Jiang Wen Yu , Peng Yi Bin
Published: February 2012

Shantou atmospheric salt-fog environment is simulated with the comprehensive salt spray test chamber. By using reinforced concrete short beams under different water-cement radio, different corrosion time, the inclined section degradation rules of the corrosive reinforced concrete members are researched for establishing shear capacity of short beam formulas in salt-fog environment.
Preparation and Surface Modification of Fe3O4@Sio2 Composite Microspheres
Authors: Zhou Kui , Yang Ming , Sun Qian , Yang Zhi Zuo
Published: February 2012

Magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 composite microspheres were prepared using hydrolyzation of tetraethoxysilane and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as seeds, and then the resultant composite particles were modified with silane coupling agent 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating-sanple magnetometry, respectively. The results clearly show that the magnetic particles have favorable superparamagnetism and remain strong magnetic response. Moreover, the duplex bonds of carbon functional groups from 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane was introduced onto the suface of Fe3O4@SiO2 composite particles.
A Improved Method for Study on Biodegradation of Castor Based Lubricants
Authors: Wu Bo , Wang Chang Lu , Liu Ya Qiong , He Dong , Chen Mian Hua , Wang Yu Rong , Li Feng Juan
Published: February 2012

. A castor oil-based detection method for the analysis of biological degradation was established on the base of CEC-L-33-A-93 test method and the domestic conventional experimental methods. Difference of the test samples between the experimental and published values was less then 0.50%. Maximum error of degradation rate was 1.92% in parallel experimental. Compared to the domestic conventional methods, degradation rate obtained by the improved analysis methods of castor oil-based is approximately higher than 5.0%. Meanwhile, analysis and detection method of DIOS with advantage of high accuracy, conveniency and good reproducibility is established and showed stability by studying the correlation of parallel samples that the coefficient of variation is less than 5%.
Preliminary Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts from Actinidia macrosperma
Authors: Lu Yin , Zhao Yun Peng , Fu Cheng Xin
Published: February 2012

The petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and aqueous successive extracts from the stems of Actinidia macrosperma C. F. Liang have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). General toxicity of these extracts has also been assessed by brine shrimp lethality assay. The chloroform extract exhibited the most significant antimicrobial (MIC in the range of 60–500μg/ml, MBC in the range of 150–1000μg/ml, MFC in the range of 170–600μg/ml) and cytotoxic activities (LC50=16.82μg/ml at 24 hours).
Component Analysis of the Sugar Cane Molasses Stillage Sediment
Authors: Zhu Hong Xiang , Mao Rui Feng , Wang Shuang Fei , Qin Yan Yan , Wang Ying Hui
Published: February 2012

With the development of the sugar industry, the molasses composition of sugar cane has changed greatly. Sugar cane molasses purity decreased, while the colloid and ash increased. In recent years, the deposits from the sugar cane molassesas hindered the operation in the alcohol distillation tower, and sometimes even blocked the whole process, leading to stop the distillation flow. This paper researched the components analysis of the sugar cane molasses stillage sediment in the alcohol production scale factors. It is helpful to illustrate the formation mechanism of the deposits from the sugar molassesas stillage. By the test of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with EDX and chemical analysis，we conclude that the main components of the deposits of molassesas is calcium sulfate, it also contains a small amount of magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, silica and calcium carbonate et cetera.
Review on Dynamic Membrane Reactor (DMBR) for Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Sun Xiao Ya , Chu Hua Qiang , Zhang Ya Lei , Zhou Xue Fei
Published: February 2012

The dynamic membrane reactor (DMBR) combined the advantages of both microbial reactor and dynamic membrane, and it’s a new municipal wastewater treatment technology. This paper summarized the technical processes, mechanisms, characteristics and application of DMBR, and the future research aspects of DMBR is also included.
Effects of Herbaceous Plants on Hydrodynamic Characters of Runoff Water, and Runoff-Yielding and Sediment-Yielding Processes on Loessial Earth-Road Surface
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhang Qiong , Zheng Shi Qing , Xu Wen Nian
Published: February 2012

Runoff and soil losses from earthen hillside roads are a serious problem on the Loess Plateau in China. Indoor rainfall simulation was employed to investigate hydrodynamic characteristics of runoff water, and runoff-yielding and sediment-yielding processes on earth-road surfaces with different coverage degrees of herbaceous plants. The results indicated that on the road surfaces the Froude numbers and Reynolds Numbers of runoff fell into the category of supercritical flow of laminar flow and both of them decreased like the flow velocities and unit energy of water-carrying section with the coverage degrees of herbaceous plants increased. The Manning and Darcy-weisbach friction coefficients increased with the coverage degrees of herbaceous plants increased. On the earth-road surfaces with the different coverage degrees, runoff rates initially sharply increased and then stabilized with time and both following an offset hyperbola. With the coverage degrees increased, the infiltration rates of water into the earth roads gradually increased, but the runoff rates, sediment yield rates and sediment concentration all gradually decreased. The results revealed that on the earth-road surface herbaceous plants could play a favorable role in soil and water conservation and provided a theoretical basis for understanding the relations between herbaceous plants and soil erosion.
A Multifunctional Drilling Fluid for Coalbed Methane Drilling
Authors: Zheng Li Hui , Zhang Ming Wei , Lin Yong
Published: February 2012

With extremely complicated geological conditions, there is abundant coalbed methane in the China's Ordos Basin Area. As a result of coexistence of different pressure systems in the same one naked well section, there are so many problems taking place occasionally during the drilling process, such as the formation lost circulation and collapse, which require the drilling fluid with a perfect rheology behavior and inhibitive to improve the well-bore containment. The coalbed methane well completions are diverse, usually including vertical well, horizontal well, multi-branch well, and other different well types. So the drilling fluid must have cuttings carried effectively and protect formation damaged to ensure that the process of drilling is security and smooth. Lots of drilling methods are used in the coalbed methane drilling, besides normal nearly balanced drilling, the under balance drilling fluids such as the air, fog, foam, etc particularly improved. All this drilling fluids require itself working compatibility with other fluids in the hole. Therefore, the special state-funded science and technology project has developed a novel bionic Fuzzy-Ball drilling fluid to meet the coalbed methane. Without additional equipments, this novel drilling fluids can be made, with non-solid phase and low density, 0.8~1.0 g/cm3. The inert solids can also be used to adjust the property to more than 1.0g/cm3, matching the near/under-balanced drilling. The formation well-bore containment can effectively improve to meet to the more than 1000 meters coalbed methane drilling in the open or low pressure formation, To portable cuttings effectively under low rate, the ratio of yield point and plastic viscosity can be adjusted to 1.0Pa/mPa•s or more. Combined with the air drilling, this novel Fuzzy-Ball material could not be converted to fluid to solve the formation water production, cavings, completion and other operations. 10 wells application of using the Fuzzy-Ball drilling fluid to complete the coal bed methane wells overcoming water production, collapse, lost circulation and air drilling etc, taking five branches well FL-H2-L, "U" horizontal well DFS-02-H2, water production and collapse well J35, air drilling CLY22 for examples, are introduced to indicate the bionic Fuzzy-Ball fluid application on the coalbed methane drilling spot.
Deformation Characteristics and Mechanism of the West Wall of Beiyi Iron Open-Pit Mine in Hainan Province
Authors: Cui Yin Xiang , Li Xiao Chun , Jiang Zhen Bo , Guo Feng Fang
Published: February 2012

Shilu iron mine is an important iron mine in China, with deposits of 314 million tons and average ore grade of 51.15%, and is the biggest iron-rich deposit in Asia. Beiyi iron open-pit is the biggest open-pit of Shilu iron mine. The height of west wall of Beiyi open-pit is 400m, and the height will be 492m in 2013. Due to the effects of tectonic movements, the rock mass is fractured seriously, and more discontinuities paralleling the slope are unfavorable to slope stability. Since 1998, the deformation of slope is obvious, with horizontal displacement of about 2.9m and vertical displacement of about 1.5m. On the basis of in situ investigation and monitoring data, deformation mechanism of west wall of Beiyi open-pit is analyzed in detail. The results of this research are useful to the slope safety assessment and the following treatment design.
Stress Relaxation Damage Analysis for High Temperature Bolting
Authors: Guo Jin Quan , Sun Xiao Hong , Shi Hui Chao
Published: February 2012

The paper analyzes the stress relaxation damage mechanisms of high temperature (HT) bolts of ultra-supercritical steam turbine units. Based on creep damage mechanisms and relaxation characteristics, the paper proposes a life prediction model, and by which to predict relaxation damage life of HT bolting material 1Cr10NiMoW2VNbN. Validation results indicate that the developed model has led to better consistent results with experimental data and thus can be recommended in relaxation life evaluation of HT materials.
Analysis of Impact of Tire Tread Groove Depth on Hydroplaning Risk Level
Authors: Liu Tang Zhi , Tang Bo Ming , Li Hai Ying
Published: February 2012

Hydroplaning ranks a maior inducement of wet-weather road accidents. By way of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) approach, this paper frames a finite-element meta-models for rib tires ranging in groove depth, aiming to figure out the wheel water pressures on tires under different traveling conditions, and to find out water velocities of the different parts of the tire tread. Analysis shows that the action coverage of the high pressure induced by hydradynamic pressure is correlated with the thickness of standing water, and the grooves fail to drain as designed in case of total hydraplaning. Based on the outcomes of the experiments, this paper frames the relation formula between hydradynamic pressure and traveling velocity, standing water depth and tire tread groove depth, and thus gives recommendations on speed range in wet weather driving, and also on measures for safe driving in wet weather conditions.
Design Method of the Parameters of Tools for Clinching Technology
Authors: Shi Bai Jun , Wang Ye Qing , Liu Song Lin , Tian Heng Yu
Published: February 2012

The mechanical clinching process was a new alternative method for metal sheet joining technology which geometrically constrains two sheets by local deformation. The tools geometry was crucial since it directly influences the joint resistance. How to determine the value of the tools parameters was always the difficulty. In view of this, a fast and efficient tools design method was proposed in this paper based on the mechanical relationship of process variable and FE-analysis technology. Besides, the tensile test and shear test results were shown in this study for proving the validity of the method which indicated that this design method could meet the requirements of the joint resistance and would bring much more convenience in clinching tools design.
Study on Duration for Perilous Rock to Form
Authors: Tang Hong Mei , Chen Hong Kai , He Xiao Ying
Published: February 2012

As one geological disaster in the area of the Three Gorges Reservoir of China, perilous rocks dominate stability of slopes in the area. Most cliffs or steep slopes are alternately composed of inflexible rock such as sandstone and soft rock such as mudstone in the area, and due to different weathering velocities rock cells in soft rock below inflexible rock are usually developed. Any perilous rock belongs to a part of inflexible rock. To appraise the safety of perilous rock, it is essential to approach duration for perilous to form is of interest. In the present paper, authors analyze weathering velocity of rock cell and establish method to calculate length of critical rock cell. Duration for perilous rock to form can be divided into three parts, (1) duration to form critical rock cell, (2) damage duration of control fissure, and (3) fracture duration of control fissure. Further, methods to calculate these durations are established in details based on damage mechanics and fracture mechanics.