bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological characteristics of Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) (Rotifera: Brachionidae) in water bodies of the Middle Volga basin
Authors: Zolotareva T. V. , Shurganova G. V. , Kudrin I. A. , Gavrilko D. E. , Zhikharev V. S. , Kolesnikov A. A. , Il’in M. Yu.
Published: May 2021

The morphological characteristics of the North American invasive species Kellicottia bostoniensis Rousselet, 1908 were studied in 29 various types of water bodies and watercourses of the Middle Volga basin. The water bodies, which are the habitats of K. bostoniensis, are located on several territories that differ significantly in a set of characteristics, such as their geological structure, relief, climate, anthropogenic impact, hydrochemical and hydrophysical indicators, etc. The sizes of K. bostoniensis individuals in most of the studied water bodies and watercourses were measured and analyzed for the first time. A high positive correlation was found between the total body length and the posterior spine length (R2 = 0.79, p < 0.01), as well as the anterior spine length (R2 = 0.75, p < 0.01). A relationship was revealed between the lengths of the anterior and posterior spines (R2 = 0.58, p < 0.01). K. bostoniensis individuals in the studied water bodies and watercourses are characterized by large sizes, the median values of the total body length being 236–440 μm. These sizes are similar to those of individuals in the native habitats of North America and some biotopes of Europe and European Russia. Among the previously studied water bodies of Russia and other countries (Belarus, Sweden, Finland, Brazil, and Argentina), where researches of the morphological variability of K. bostoniensis were carried out, the largest body sizes were characteristic for the invader species of the Sura River. Larger K. bostoniensis specimens live in deep mesotrophic water bodies with high transparency, compared with representatives of this species in shallow eutrophic water bodies with less transparency in the Middle Volga basin. Our data on the morphological characteristics of the invading species of water bodies in the Middle Volga basin significantly expand the existing information on the morphological variability of K. bostoniensis individuals and their dependence on environmental factors.
Peculiarities and ecological consequences of climate warming in the Northern Caspian semi-desert
Authors: Sapanov M. K.
Published: May 2021

Data on the weather conditions and monitoring of vegetation ecosystems in the Northern Caspian semi-desert for the 70-year period were analyzed. A gradual increase in the average air temperature per hydrological year by 2.73ºC (0.039ºC/year) has been revealed. Before and after the 2000s its increase was caused by warming of the cold and warm period of the year, respectively. An increase of the annual atmospheric precipitation in the spring-summer period was detected, mainly in 1978–1995 due to April-June precipitation. The humidification coefficient dynamics allows distinguishing three periods. The first period (1951–1977) is characterized by insignificant fluctuations around the average value (0.30); the second period (1978–1994) is characterized by good moisture, and the third period (1995–2020), on the contrary, – by severe aridity. These climate changes have led to significant transformation of the snow cover formation mechanisms, the surface runoff of spring melt water, and the ground water level. Despite such fluctuations of natural conditions, the annual productivity of virgin vegetation remains in dynamic equilibrium, changing over time in a wave-like manner, with no introduction of heterogeneous species. The protective afforestation has no chance for sustainable development due to warming of the winter months by 2000, which led to the absence of additional moistening of forest crops for a long period due to the deficiency of snow accumulation and surface inflow of spring melt water. The shrinkage of forest stands was intensified by recurrent annual summer atmospheric droughts. The production of agricultural crops was discontinued since the mid-1990s due to their annual failure, as well as the aridity of the growing seasons. The climate warming of the last two decades has brought the landscape of the flat semi-desert territory of the Northern Caspian region ever closer to its original state without agricultural fields and forest plantations. The population of the region is forced to return to extensive cattle breeding, which has existed here since ancient times.
An abnormally early hibernation ending of the Red-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) (Discoglossidae, Anura) in the populations of the Medveditsa river valley (Saratov region)
Authors: Yermokhin M. V. , Tabachishin V. G.
Published: May 2021

In the course of our long-term studies of the phenology of spawning migrations of anuran amphibians, which began in the Medveditsa river valley (near the Uritskoye village, Lysogorsky district, Saratov region) in 2009, an abnormally early end of the wintering period was recorded for the red-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) in the spring of 2020, namely, March 13. The anomaly was longer than a month in relation to the long-term average date of arrival of this species to its spawning grounds (April 18). The water temperature in the shallow waters of the spawning reservoir on this day was 10.2°С to a depth of 0.1 m, and 4.8°С at a depth of 0.5 m, and did not differ significantly from the average values typical for this phase of the B. bombina annual cycle in adjacent populations. The possible significance of this anomaly for the reproduction of local populations of B. bombina is discussed.
Invasion of the Black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius L.) (Picidae, Aves) into the Dyakovsky (Saltovsky) forest on the array of sands near the Yeruslan river
Authors: Oparin M. L. , Kudryavtsev A. Yu. , Oparina O. S. , Mamaev A. B.
Published: May 2021

The paper considers the fact of the black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius L.) colonization of the Dyakovsky (Saltovsky) forest area, which occupies more than 18,000 hectares on the Yeruslan sands in the Saratov and Volgograd Trans-Volga regions. This forest area is located 25 km from the semi-desert of the Caspian lowland. According to our data, the black woodpecker appeared in the Dyakovsky forest in the winter of 2011–2012 after an extensive fire in the very hot summer of 2010. The mass of dead trees led to an outbreak of xylophagous development, which most likely led to the emergence of a settled population of the black woodpecker in the Dyakovsky forest. For 10 years, we have been conducting observations of the named population. Using the route method, parameters of its density in the winter period were determined, part of the nesting sites was identified, which confirms the year-round habitation and reproduction of the black woodpecker in the Dyakovsky forest. Our observations of the black woodpecker dispersal in the Trans-Volga region are consistent with the data of those authors who established the appearance of this species on the Lower Volga in the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. In all likelihood, the black woodpecker dispersal in the Trans-Volga region is associated with both some change in the structure of habitats, with some increase in the abundance of this species in the main part of the habitat, and with other factors cited in this work. According to modern concepts, the location of habitats is determined by the “climatic space”, which is potentially suitable for the settlement of a particular species. Other factors interacting with the climate determine the actual development of the territory of this space by the species. Such facts of changes in the boundaries of the habitats of separate species as a result of climate change and factors interacting therewith are widespread in the world.
An Assessment of the Contribution of Women Entrepreneurs Towards Economic Development in Wajir Township
Authors: Mulei Mirriam Wanza , Gakobo Joyce
Published: May 2021

Women in the pastoralist societies have always been considered as major pillars of both social and economic sustenance of their communities. Their role in the society is mainly as caregivers as opposed to being income earners. However, with increased women empowerment, more women are taking up income generating activities with a great number being involved in entrepreneurship activities. This study examined the contribution of women entrepreneurs towards economic development in Wajir township. The specific objectives included to assess how two important attributes of entrepreneurs contribute to economic development, thus establish the contribution of competitiveness of women entrepreneurs to economic development as well as the contribution of innovativeness of the women entrepreneurs to economic development and finally identify the characteristics of women entrepreneurs in Wajir township. This research was conducted among the eight hundred and forty-eight (848) women entrepreneurs operating within the township registered by the Department of Gender and special programs in the county. A total of one hundred (100) women were selected as a sample for the study. Data collection was done using closed ended questionnaires as the main tool whereas focused group discussions and key informant interviews were employed to triangulate the data. To measure reliability of the instrument, the questionnaire was tested and retested with a sample of respondents and the results measured against the Cronbach’s Alpha correlation coefficient test. To test the validity of the instrument, a pilot test was carried out. Analysis of data was done using SPSS and presented using tables and figures. The study revealed that there is an evident relationship between women enterepreneurial behaviour and consequent contribution to economic development in Wajir township. It was observed that the knack of an entrepreneur to be more innovative contributes more to job creation and better productivity in Wajir township compared to their competitive ability. On the other hand, a competitive women entrepreneur is more likely to contribute to personal wealth creation compared to an innovative one. This means that necessary support that promotes innovation and competitiveness amongst women entrepreneurs in Wajir township should be encouraged. The conclusion from this study is thus, women run enterprises in Wajir township contribute to the overall socio-economic development of the county.
Acqua gasata o gassata?
Authors: Altissimi Elisa
Published: May 2021

Alcuni lettori ci chiedono quale sia la forma corretta tra i due aggettivi gasato e gassato, soprattutto quando riferiti all’acqua o altre bibite. La domanda si estende alle forme verbali gassare e gasare e anche a degasare e degassare.
ЦЕЛЮЛОЗОРУЙНУЮЧА АКТИВНІСТЬ ЧОРНОЗЕМНИХ ҐРУНТІВ ЛІВОБЕРЕЖЖЯ ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Рєзнік Сергій , Гавва Дмитро , Сотников Юрій , Ковалжи Наталія
Published: May 2021

Целюлазна активність ґрунту є одним з найважливіших показників загальної ферментативної активності ґрунту. Розглянуто зміни активності целюлази чорноземів типових за умов органічної системи землеробства (компост, сидерат), інтенсивної системи землеробства (мінеральні добрива) та природнього використання (переліг) протягом 2018-2020 рр. Виявлено позитивний вплив застосування органічних добрив, особливо сидератів на активність целюлази. Характерною ознакою орних ґрунтів (інтенсивна система землеробства) є зниження показників активності целюлази у шарі 10-20 см, за одночасного підвищення у шарах 0-10 і 30-40 см.
OPTIMIZATION OF VINYL ACETATE PRODUCTION PROCESS
Authors: Buronov Firdavsiy , Fayzullayev Normurot
Published: May 2021

In the article, the kinetic laws and kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation acetylationreaction of ethylene in the vapour phase were studied in detail in a catalyst containing0,4%Рd+4%Cu+7%CH3COOK/HSZ. It was found that the total rate of the reaction was proportionalto the amount of unmodified and modified active sites of palladium (not clusters). Excess amountsof the modifier (both potassium acetate and copper) have been shown to block active sites byreducing catalyst efficiency.
ВПЛИВ РЕЖИМІВ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ І ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ВІБРОМАШИН БУДІВЕЛЬНОЇ ІНДУСТРІЇ НА ПРОЦЕСИ НАДІЙНОСТІ
Authors: Делембовський Максим
Published: May 2021

Розглянуто вплив режимів експлуатації і властивостей елементів вібромашин на протікання в них процесів надійності. В результаті узагальнення відомостей про класифікацію технічних пристроїв по ремонтопридатності і режимам експлуатації побудована класифікація елементів вібромашин по їх режимам.
PORTAL FOR INTRODUCTORY INSTRUCTION IN COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
Authors: Bondarev Volodymyr , Osyka Oleksandr
Published: May 2021

The task of the project was to create an Internet-based universal set of services for a study course “Computer programming” and alike. The services support various academic activities: lectures, tests, tutorials, labs, and unsupervised students work in the course. Many services are united around a database of computer programming problems. Instructors and students are provided with different tools. Instructors use services that help in preparation for classes, automate knowledge monitoring, check the authenticity of problem solutions, work for study motivation of students, etc. Students get access to course lecture notes, problems for solution with automatic solution verification, means of online course discussion with peers and instructors, etc. The portal has been successfully used for four years at the Kharkov University of Radio Electronics, Ukraine.
CHIZMA GEOMETRIYA, CHIZMACHILIK DARSLARIDA TALABALARGA TESTLAR ORQALI ULARNING BILIMINI ANIQLASH
Authors: Gulomova Nozima
Published: May 2021

Maqolada talabalarning olayotgan bilimining ko‘nikmalarini tekshirish, dars jarayonida ularning faolligini oshirishga tavsiyalar berilgan. Testlar yordamida talabaning fikrlash qobiliyati, zukkoligi, topqirligi, turli vaziyatlardan chiqabilishi, fazoviy tasavvur qila olishligi, turli qobiliyatlarini aniqlash mumkinligi ko‘rsatilgan.
АГРЕСІЯ ТА КОНФЛІКТНІСТЬ У ВЗАЄМИНАХ УЧАСНИКІВ ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОЦЕСУ
Authors: Панок Віталій , Лунченко Надія , Сосновенко Наталія , Ірина Панок
Published: May 2021

Агресивна поведінка і конфлікти між учасниками освітнього процесу – розповсюджені соціально-психологічні явища, які характерні для багатьох закладів освіти і які суттєво впливають на освітній процес. У цій статті автори досліджують конфліктні явища в середовищі учнів, між учнями і вчителями, учнями і адміністрацією та батьками, в середовищі вчителів, вчителів і адміністрацією, вчителями і батьками. Дослідження проводилось шляхом опитування учнів і вчителів. Одержані результати дозволили авторам зробити висновок про те, що агресивна поведінка є поширеною практикою у спілкуванні учнів між собою, а також педагогів з учнями, що не сприяє створенню позитивної емоційної атмосфери у закладі освіти та знижує авторитет педагогів в очах учнів. Більше двох третин опитаних відмітили, що конфлікти в учнівському середовищі відбуваються часто або час від часу. При цьому педагоги схильні перебільшувати свою оцінку. Автори наголошують, що агресивні форми міжособистісного спілкування усе ще є широко розповсюдженими у закладах освіти і сприймаються багатьма учасниками як норма, що відповідає змісту їх соціальних ролей.
КАР’ЄРА В ТОРГІВЛІ: ЧИННИКИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ
Authors: Шатілова Олександра
Published: May 2021

У статті висвітлюються результати психологічного дослідження проблеми становлення кар’єри в торгівлі. Описано нові, отримані емпіричним шляхом наукові факти, які стосуються стереотипу сприйняття міжнародної спеціалізації як більш прибуткової, психолого-правових аспектів становлення кар’єри, амбіцій студентів торговельного спрямування тощо. На основі цих фактів ми специфікували 18 чинників становлення кар’єри в торгівлі, які далі представили в авторській класифікації, де виокремили дві групи: чинники становлення кар’єри в формальній економіці, та чинники становлення кар’єри в неформальній (тіньовій) економіці України. Беручи за основу формулу Курта Левіна, представляємо також альтернативну авторську класифікацію із виокремленням двох груп: особистісні та середовищні чинники становлення кар’єри.
ПОТЕНЦІЙНА ДОКАЗОВІСТЬ ТЕЗИГРАФІЇ В (СУДОВО-) МЕДИЧНІЙ ДІАГНОСТИЦІ
Authors: Федорова Олена , Федорова Сніжана
Published: May 2021

Судово-медична практика, як і інші галузі медицини, постійно потребують впровадження нових швидких безпечних методів діагностики. Тезиграфічний метод дослідження біооб’єктів є новим для судово-медичної практики, однак вже довів свою ефективність для визначення давності настання смерті під час гнильної трансформації трупа. Також, і в інших галузях медицини була доведена його ефективність в деяких видах діагностики та лікування. Через це, на кафедрі судової медицини та медичного права НМУ імені О.О. Богомольця було започатковано комплексне тезиграфічне дослідження різних тканин та рідин тіла: тканинних екстрактів внутрішніх органів та кров (секційний матеріал), кров, сеча та слина, вилучені у живих осіб. В результаті було встановлено, що тезиграфічний метод є ефективним при деяких видах досліджень та може відповідати основним вимогам доказовості в медицині.
ТВОРЧІСТЬ ДЛЯ ДІТЕЙ ОСИПА ЗАЛЕСЬКОГО ТА ЙОГО ВНЕСОК У РОЗВИТОК УКРАЇНСЬКОГО МУЗИЧНОГО МИСТЕЦТВА
Authors: Білінська Ольга
Published: May 2021

У статті розглядається мистецька спадщина відомого композитора, представника української діаспори у США – Осипа Залеського, а саме його творчість для дітей та її значення у музичному вихованні молоді. Подаються відомості про життєпис композитора, здійснено музично-естетичний аналіз фортепіанних композицій, творів для різних складів хору зі супроводом фортепіано та a’cappella і опери «Цвіркунчик», які стануть добротним матеріалом у вихованні музикантів нових поколінь.
Case Report: Lumbar Medial Branch Radiofrequency Neurotomy in a Patient with Deep Brain Stimulator
Authors: Doan Lisa V.
Published: May 2021

Background: The prevalence of implantable electronic devices, particularly deep brain stimulators (DBS), is increasing worldwide. To date, there has been limited research on the safety of radiofrequency neurotomy for lumbar facet joint pain in patients with implanted DBS. Furthermore, there are no clear guidelines on the management of DBS prior to radiofreqeuency neurotomy.
Case Report: We present the case of a patient with Parkinson’s disease status post implantation of DBS for management of symptoms. Appropriate safety precautions were taken prior to and following the treatment procedure for the patient. Prior to the procedure, consultation with a device technical representative took place and the patient’s device was switched to “surgery mode.” This patient then underwent bipolar radiofrequency denervation of the bilateral lumbar medial branches with significant improvement in her pain and without any adverse effects upon postprocedure exam.
Conclusion: We propose several steps and precautions when employing radiofrequency denervation in a patient with history of prior DBS implantation. By taking these precautions, radiofrequency denervation can safely be used in patients with DBS for the management of lower back pain.
Key words: Deep brain stimulator, denervation, low back pain, Parkinson’s, radiofrequency neurotomy, safety
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for the Treatment of Frostbite Neuropathy: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Chong
Published: May 2021

Background: Frostbite is an injury caused by exposure to extreme cold that can result in chronic refractory pain due to sensory neuropathy in severe cases, with limited treatment options. We report the use of neuromodulation targeting the dorsal root ganglion for the treatment of refractory foot pain due to frostbite neuropathy.
Case
Presentation: A 65-year-old man presented 40 years after a frostbite injury with continued refractory burning and severe pain in his left foot. After failing multiple interventions, the patient underwent a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation and implantation at the left L5 level with significant improvement of his pain.
Conclusion: The patient experienced significant improvement in pain at 24 months after DRG stimulation trial and implantation. This case report suggests that the use of DRG stimulation may provide effective treatment of refractory pain due to frostbite injury.
Key words: Dorsal root ganglion stimulation, frostbite, frostbite neuropathy, neuralgia, neuromodulation, spinal cord stimulation
Lumbar Sympathetic Plexus
Radiofrequency Ablation for Chronic
Non-Cancer Pain: A Brief Review
and Two Case Reports
Authors: Tinnirello Andrea
Published: May 2021

Background: Lumbar sympathetic plexus (LSP) has been described as a target for managing chronic pain with a sympathetic
component in the lower limbs such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) or pain of ischemic
origin. LSP neurolysis with phenol or ethanol has been applied; more recently, radiofrequency (RF) lesioning
has been proposed as an alternative. RF denervation has the advantage of avoiding the complications
associated with ethanol/phenol spread.
Case Report: We describe 2 cases in which RF denervation of LSP was performed in patients suffering from chronic pain
from CRPS and chronic ischemic disease of the lower limb.
Conclusion: RF denervation of LSP could be considered as a treatment for CRPS and chronic ischemic pain when
conventional medical therapy fails. Compared to chemical neurolysis, RF denervation carries less risk for
postprocedural deafferentation pain.
Key words: Complex regional pain syndrome; ischemic pain; lumbar sympathetic plexus; neurolysis; radiofrequency;
sympathetically maintained pain
Hematoma After a Fluoroscopically
Guided Sacroiliac Joint Injection: A
Case Report
Authors: Orhurhu Vwaire
Published: May 2021

Background: Sacroiliac joint injection continues to play a role in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of patients with
sacroiliac joint arthropathy, as it provides pain relief and improvement in function to those patients. It is considered
a low-risk pain procedure with minimal to no adverse side effects. Although rare, serious com-plications such
as infection and hematoma are a possibility, however. In anticoagulated patients, interventional pain physicians
are advised to weigh the risks and benefits before discontinuing anticoagulation. The literature describes serious
complications associated with stopping anticoagulation, such as myocardial infarction. Howev-er, we should
also be mindful of the possibility of intramuscular hematoma formation in anticoagulated patients receiving
a fluoroscopically guided sacroiliac joint injection.
Case Report: This case exposes the development of a 300-mL hematoma in the right gluteus maximus muscle after a
fluoro-scopically guided sacroiliac joint injection in a patient who was taking warfarin. Consequently, she also
developed neurologic symptoms such as new-onset urinary retention, weakness, and decreased sensation in
her right leg.
Conclusion: Pain physicians should be mindful of the risks and benefits before deciding to hold or discontinue anticoagulation
in patients undergoing fluoroscopically guided sacroiliac joint injection, as intramuscular hematomas are
a possible complication.
Key words: Anticoagulation, hematoma, sacroiliac joint arthropathy, sacroiliac joint injection complications
Efficacy of Pulsed Radiofrequency or Short-Term
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Acute/Subacute
Zoster-Related Pain: A Randomized, Double-
Blinded, Controlled Trial
Authors: Song Tao
Published: May 2021

Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the final stage of varicella zoster infection and a
severe refractory neuropathic pain. Hence preventing transition of herpes zoster-related pain to
PHN is a very important therapeutic principle for patients at an early stage, especially for older
patients.Both pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) and short-term spinal cord stimulation (stSCS) have been
proven to be effective to relieve acute/subacute zoster-related pain. However, which treatment
could achieve better analgesic effects remains unclear.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of PRF and stSCS
in patients with acute/subacute zoster-related pain.
Study Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study.
Setting: Department of Pain Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University.
Methods: Ninety-six patients with acute/subacute zoster-related pain were equally randomized
into 2 groups: PRF group and stSCS group. Patients in the different groups were treated with
high-voltage, long-duration PRF or stSCS. The therapeutic effects were evaluated using a Numeric
Rating Scale (NRS-11) and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at different time points.
The average dose of pregabalin (mg/d) administrated at different time points was also recorded.
Results: The posttreatment NRS-11 scores in the 2 groups were significantly lower compared with
baseline (P < 0.001). The NRS-11 scores in the stSCS group were significantly lower than those in
the PRF group at 30 and 180 days after treatments (P < 0.05). The SF-36 scores of general health,
social function, role-emotional, mental health, bodily pain, physical function, physical role, and
vitality could be significantly improved at each time point after treatments in the 2 groups. Some
SF-36 scores could be significantly improved at some time points in the stSCS group compared with
the PRF group. The rescue drug (pregabalin) dosages were lower in the stSCS group than those in
the PRF group at days 90 and 180 after treatments. There was no bleeding at the puncture site,
infection, postoperative paresthesia, nerve injury, or any other serious adverse effects in either
group.
Limitations: Single-center study, relatively small number of patients.
Conclusions: PRF and stSCS are both effective and safe therapeutic alternatives for patients
with acute/subacute zoster-related pain, however, stSCS could achieve more pain relief and
improvement of life quality compared with PRF.
Key words: Pulsed radiofrequency, short-term spinal cord stimulation, zoster-related pain,
Numeric Rating Scale, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey
The Efficiency of Manual Therapy and Sacroiliac
and Lumbar Exercises in Patients with Sacroiliac
Joint Dysfunction Syndrome
Authors: Javadov Aghalar
Published: May 2021

Background: Manual therapy, exercise therapy, and the combination of these 2 are common
treatments for sacroiliac joint dysfunction syndrome. The effects of these treatments have been
discussed in several studies; the superiority of one over the other for patients with sacroiliac joint
dysfunction syndrome is still the subject of discussion.
Objective: This study aims to assess the effects of manual therapy for sacroiliac joints, sacroiliac
joints home-based exercises, and home-based lumbar exercises.
Study Design: A comparative, prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial.
Setting: This trial was conducted at a single center at the Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical
Faculty, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
Methods: Within the scope of this study, 69 women diagnosed with sacroiliac joint dysfunction
syndrome through specific sacroiliac joints clinical diagnostic tests were randomized into 3 groups.
The first group was assigned manual therapy and a sacroiliac joints home-based exercise program
(n = 23), the second group was assigned sacroiliac joints manual therapy and a home-based
lumbar exercise program (n = 23), and the third group was assigned a home-based lumbar exercise
program (n = 23). All patients who participated in the study were evaluated at the beginning of the
study and on the twenty-eighth and ninetieth day.
Results: All 3 groups showed a significant decrease in the sacroiliac joints -related pain parameter,
which is checked with the visual analogue scale (P < 0.05) after the treatment. The Gillet test,
Vorlauf test, Posterior Shear test, Compression test, and irritation Point tests after the treatment
yielded a significant (P < 0.05) negative trend in all groups. Short Form-36 health survey for
screening form, Modified Oswestry Pain Questionnaire, and Douleur Neuropathique 4 questions
patient interview questionnaire for the assessment of neuropathic pain forms revealed a significant
(P < 0.05) improvement in patients’ complaints after the treatment in all 3 groups. Significant
improvement in patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction syndrome in all 3 groups was identified
after the treatment.
Limitation: The absence of a healthy control group is one of the important limitations of the
study.
Conclusions: Manual therapy is effective in the long term in sacroiliac joint dysfunction syndrome.
Adding specific exercises for sacroiliac joints to the sacroiliac joints manipulation treatment further
increases this effectiveness.
Key words: Sacroiliac joint, sacroiliac joint dysfunction syndrome, manual therapy, sacroiliac joint
exercises, lumbar exercises
Establishment of an Individualized
Chronotherapy, Autonomic Nervous System,
and Variability-Based Dynamic Platform for
Overcoming the Loss of Response to Analgesics
Authors: Ilan Yaron
Published: May 2021

Background: Control of chronic pain and mainly the partial or complete loss of response to
analgesics is a major unmet need. Multiple mechanisms underline the development of tolerance to
analgesics in general and specifically to opioids. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a role
in the development of analgesic tolerance and chronobiology.
Objectives: To review the mechanisms associated with the development of nonresponsiveness
to analgesics.
Study Design: Literature review.
Setting: The review is followed by a description of a new method for overcoming resistance and
improving the response to analgesics.
Methods: Conducted a detailed review of the relevant studies describing the mechanisms that
underlie tolerance to pain medications, and the potential roles of the ANS and chronobiology in
the development of drug resistance.
Results: The autonomic balance is reflected by heart rate variability, an example of a fundamental
variability that characterizes biological systems. Chronotherapy, which is based on the circadian
rhythm, can improve the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of chronic medications. In this article,
we present the establishment of an individualized variability- and chronobiology-based therapy
for overcoming the compensatory mechanisms associated with a loss of response to analgesics.
We describe the premise of implementing personalized signatures associated with the ANS, and
chronobiology, as well as with the pathophysiology of pain for establishing an adaptive model that
could improve the efficacy of opioids, in a highly dynamic system.
Limitations: The studies presented were selected based on their relevance to the subject.
Conclusions: The described variability-based system may ensure prolonged effects of analgesics
while reducing the toxicity associated with increasing dosages.
Key words: Painkillers, opioids, drug resistance, compensatory mechanisms
Can Additional Facet Joint Block Improve the
Clinical Outcome of Kyphoplasty for Acute
Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures?
Authors: Hao Ding-Jun
Published: May 2021

Background: Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) has been reported to provide a favorable
analgesic effect for pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).
However, a systematic review demonstrated that pain relief was only reported for approximately
86% of kyphoplasty treatments.
Objectives: To explore whether an additional facet joint block (FJB) can minimize pain and
improve the clinical outcome of PKP in patients with acute OVCFs.
Study Design: Prospective study.
Setting: All data were from Honghui Hospital in Xi’an.
Methods: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 194 patients were eventually
included in our study; they were randomly divided into 2 groups of 97 patients each and treated
with either PKP + FJB or PKP alone. Follow-up consultations were scheduled 1 day, 3 days, 1
week, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year postoperatively; the demographic characteristics, related
surgical information, and complications observed within both groups were recorded. The clinical
evaluation parameters included the intraoperative satisfaction score, the Visual Analog Scale
(VAS) score, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).
Results: A total of 171 patients (61 men and 110 women; age range: 62–85 years) completed
the full postoperative follow-up schedule, with 83 patients in the PKP + FJB group and 88 in the
PKP group. No significant differences were observed in the genders, ages, preoperative bone
mineral density, surgical levels, or volume of cement injected between the 2 groups (P > 0.05,
respectively). The average duration of the surgeries in the PKP + FJB group was slightly longer
than that in the PKP group (35.5 ± 4.8 min vs. 31.8 ± 4.3 min; P = 0.038), and in terms of the
clinical outcomes, the average intraoperative satisfaction score was significantly higher in the PKP
+ FJB group (8.6 ± 1.1 vs. 6.3 ± 1.3; P < 0.001). Compared with the preoperative data, significant
improvements in the VAS scores of back pain and ODI were observed at each follow-up interval
(P < 0.05, respectively). These scores were significantly higher in the PKP + FJB group than in the
PKP group; however, this was only observed within the first month after the procedure.
Limitations: A single-center noncontrol study.
Conclusions: The addition of an FJB (which in our study involved a unique combination of
ropivacaine, prednisolone, and vitamin B12) improved the short-term clinical outcome of PKP
for acute OVCFs. The local anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on the facet joints resulted in
higher intraoperative satisfaction and lower VAS and ODI scores for the first postoperative month
when compared with the PKP group.
Key words: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, pain, posterior elements, percutaneous
kyphoplasty, facet joint block, medial branch
The Effect of Acupuncture and Physiotherapy on
Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized
Controlled Study
Authors: Atalay Sevgi Gumus
Published: May 2021

Background: Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of joint disease, and the most common
location is the knee.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acupuncture treatment and
physiotherapy on pain, physical function, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with knee osteoarthritis
(KOA).
Study Design: This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.
Settings: The research took place in the interventional pain unit of a tertiary center in a university
hospital.
Methods: One hundred patients with KOA were randomly divided into the acupuncture group and
the physiotherapy group. Both treatments were given in 12 sessions over 6 weeks. Thirteen acupuncture
points were selected for the knee. Local points were GB34, SP10, SP9, ST36, ST35, ST34, EX-LE2, EXLE5,
EXLE4, and distal (distant) points were defined as KI3, SP6, LI4, and ST41. The Visual Analog Scale
(VAS) was used to measure pain intensity. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis
Index (WOMAC) and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used to determine functional
status and health-related QOL, respectively. All patients were evaluated at baseline, after the last
treatment, and at the 12-week follow-up period.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the acupuncture group and
physiotherapy group in terms of pain, total WOMAC, and SF-36 levels at baseline, after treatment, and
at the 12th week after treatment (P > 0.05). Both treatments significantly improved functional status
(acupuncture, from 63.8 ± 20.81 to 53.72 ± 19.43; and physiotherapy, from 59.04 ± 21.49 to 52.28
± 19.54; P < 0.05) and decreased the level of pain assessed by VAS (acupuncture, from 8.32 ± 1.61 to
5.54 ± 2.34; and physiotherapy, from 7.86 ± 1.9 to 5.68 ± 2.42; P < 0.05) at the 12-week follow-up of
the study. There was no adverse advent related to therapeutic methods.
Limitations: Sham or placebo control groups are lacking in this study.
Conclusions: The acupuncture and physiotherapy performed twice weekly for 6 weeks have similar
effects with regard to pain, functional status, and QOL. There were no significant differences between
the acupuncture and physiotherapy groups in relief of pain, improved functional status, and QOL in the
treatment of KOA. Both acupuncture and physiotherapy treatments were found to yield significantly
superior results when compared with baseline values.
Key words: Knee osteoarthritis, acupuncture, physiotherapy, randomized clinical trial
Risk Factors for Refracture following Primary
Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Cai Weihua
Published: May 2021

Background: In the aging population, osteoporosis and related complications have become
a global public health problem. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are among the
most common type of osteoporotic fractures and patients are at risk of secondary vertebral
compression fracture.
Objectives: To identify risk factors for secondary vertebral compression fracture following
primary osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.
Study Design: Retrospective study.
Setting: Department of Orthopedic, an affiliated hospital of a medical university.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the risk factors for secondary vertebral
compression fracture in 317 consecutive patients with systematic osteoporotic vertebral
compression fractures who received percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty or
conservative treatment. Patients were divided into secondary vertebral compression fracture (n
= 43) and non- secondary vertebral compression fracture (n = 274) groups. We retrospectively
analyzed clinical characteristics and radiographic parameters, including gender, age, body
mass index, number of primary fractures, primary treatment (percutaneous vertebroplasty and
kyphoplasty or conservative treatment), nonspinal fracture history before primary fracture,
primary fracture at the thoracolumbar junction, steroid use, bisphosphonate therapy, and
Hounsfield units value of L1.
Results: Comparison between the groups showed significant differences in age (P = 0.001),
nonspinal fracture history (P < 0.001), and Hounsfield units value of L1 (P < 0.001). The
receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that the optimal thresholds for age and
Hounsfield units value of L1 were 75 (sensitivity: 55.8%; specificity: 67.5%) and 50 (sensitivity:
88.3%; specificity: 67.4%), respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, nonspinal
fracture history (OR = 6.639, 95% CI = 1.809 – 24.371, P = 0.004) and Hounsfield units value
of L1 < 50 (OR = 15.260, 95% CI = 6.957 – 33.473, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors
for secondary vertebral compression fracture.
Limitations: The main limitation is the retrospective nature of this study.
Conclusion: Patients with low Hounsfield units value of L1 or non-spinal fracture history are
an important population to target for secondary fracture prevention.
Key words: Risk factor, vertebral, secondary fracture, osteoporosis
A Cadaver Study Confirming the Location of Dye
after Trigeminal Ganglion Rhizotomy
Authors: Hong JiHee
Published: May 2021

Background: Radiofrequency thermal rhizotomy demonstrates an excellent treatment outcome
with a high success rate among patients of intractable trigeminal neuralgia. The triangular plexus
which is an immediate retrogasserian portion of the trigeminal root is suggested as the best place of
lesioning during radiofrequency thermal rhizotomy. However, the anatomy of the triangular plexus
has been relatively unrecognized, while the anatomical study related to therapeutic procedure is
scarce.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to confirm with gross and microscopic finding of the
trigeminal system whether, if an electrode tip is placed on the petroclival junction in lateral cranial
view, it actually arrives at the triangular plexus or not. In relation to therapeutic procedure, we
examined the triangular plexus with morphological and histological methods.
Study Design: Human cadaveric study.
Setting: An anatomical laboratory in South Korea.
Methods: Percutaneous procedure of radiofrequency thermal rhizotomy under C-arm guidance
was performed in 8 cadavers. Final target of the electrode tip was the petroclival junction under
true lateral cranial view. The location of the electrode tip was determined under observation of the
presence of an injected dye. Triangular plexus size was measured grossly and microscopically. Gross
and microscopic evaluation of the triangular plexus was performed.
Results: Among 15 trigeminal systems, 8 showed dye appearance in the triangular plexus, while
6 showed it in the trigeminal ganglion. Overall, 53% of radiofrequency thermal rhizotomy could
reach the triangular plexus when an electrode tip was placed on the petroclival junction. The grossly
measured average triangular plexus vertical and transverse diameters were 0.8 cm and 1.3 cm,
respectively.
Limitation: Only radiologic landmark was used to confirm the location of the electrode tip.
However, further study confirming the location of the electrode tip under the guidance of electrical
stimulation is needed.
Conclusion: When an electrode tip was placed on the petroclival junction, 53% of radiofrequency
thermal rhizotomy could reach the triangular plexus.
Key words: Petroclival junction, trigeminal neuralgia, triangular plexus, radiofrequency thermal
rhizotomy
Do Bankruptcy Protection Levels Affect Households' Demand for Stocks?
Authors: Dal Borgo Mariela
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo examina empíricamente el efecto del nivel de protección de bancarrota personal en los Estados Unidos en la demanda de activos financieros de los hogares. Una bancarrota bajo el Capítulo 7 permite proteger el valor acumulado de la vivienda hasta cierto límite o "exención". La literatura previa muestra que tal protección sesga la inversión de los hogares hacia la vivienda. Este trabajo testea si también reduce la inversión en acciones, que no están protegidas en bancarrota. Usando un enfoque de variables instrumentales, estimo una menor participación en el mercado de acciones cuando el valor acumulado de la vivienda es menor a la exención, pero el resultado no es robusto, y los hogares con mayor riesgo de bancarrota no exhiben una respuesta más fuerte. Más aún, la inversión en vivienda no es mayor cuando la propiedad está completamente protegida. Estos resultados sugieren la ausencia de distorsiones sustanciales provenientes del nivel de valor de la vivienda protegido en bancarrota.
STUDY OF VITAMIN D LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION AT CRGH AND ASSOCIATED HOSPITALS OF R.D. GARDI MEDICAL COLLEGE
Authors: Sahu Nency , Dhaneria Mamta
Published: May 2021

Background: Lower Respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain among the most important causes of morbidity and
mortality among children. Several studies have associated vitamin D deciency with an increased risk of LRTIs. The
main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deciency in children from 6 months to 5 years of age with LRTI, and to
evaluate the correlation between vitamin D levels and the incidence and severity of LRTI. A hospital based Material and Methods:
observational study was carried out in the patients admitted for LRTI in pediatric ward of CR Gardi hospital of RDGMC from October 2018 to
July 2020. A total of 70 children were included between the age group 6 months to 5 years were selected for the study. Data were entered in MS
excel and analyzed by software Stata 10. Vitamin D levels were divided Results: into three categories, decient, insufcient, and sufcient.
Average Vitamin D levels were 25.98ng/dl. Out of 70 children with lower respiratory tract infections 28.57% (n=20) children, had decient levels
(<20ng/ml) of vitamin D, 38.57% (n=27) had insufcient levels (21-29ng/ml), while 32.86% (n=23) patients had sufcient (>30ng/ml) vitamin
D levels. Vitamin D levels are found to be decient in 39% cases of LRTI, However Conclusion: 26% children had Vitamin D levels in a decient
range. Since 65% of children with LRTI had either decient or insufcient levels of Vitamin D. Vitamin D should be estimated in all children with
LRTI. In places where Vitamin D levels cannot be estimated Vitamin D supplementation should be given. There is a need of more studies to be
done on a larger sample size to reach to a certain conclusion.
INVESTIGATION OF SEROPREVALENCE OF IgG ANTIBODIES AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN VIRAL RESEARCH AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY, AMRITSAR
Authors: Chawla Vaibhav , Kaur Amandeep , Kaur Arashdeep , Singh Kanwardeep , Sidhu Shailpreet Kaur , Nagpal Neelu
Published: May 2021

Health care workers constitute the group of people who take care of COVID-19 patients. Thus, they are highly vulnerable
to contract SARS-CoV-2 infection and pose a great threat to co-workers and general public. Seroprevalence studies are an
important tool to monitor the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and assess the level of exposure among HCWs. Thus, the present study aims
to investigate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among Health Care Workers.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted at Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College,
st th Amritsar for a period from 1 December 2020 to 15 January 2021. During this period, 90 blood samples were collected from the healthcare
workers from Department of Microbiology and Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Amritsar. Serum
samples were separated and used for detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by ELISA technique.
Results: Out of the 90 samples, 31 (34.44%) were found to be positive. Higher number of males 24 (26.67%) and lesser number of females 7
(7.78%) were observed with seropositivity. Out of the total participants in the study, 45.16% of laboratory supporting personnel, 19.35% of junior
residents followed by housekeeping staff (12.90%), data entry operators (9.67%), consultants (6.45%) and Senior Residents/Research Scientists
(6.45%) were observed to be IgG positive. It was also seen that in high risk exposure category 27.78% were seropositive and in low risk exposure
group only 6.67% were seropositive and the difference between two groups was statistically signicant (p<0.000).
Conclusion: High seropositivity was observed among health care workers due to their nature of work as frontline workers
EFFECTIVENESS OF TOTAL CONTACT CASTING IN LEPROTIC Vs DIABETIC PLANTER FOOT ULCER: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Dey Ishita , Kumar De Saumen , Konar Ambar , Sadat Haldar Md. Anowar
Published: May 2021

Total Contact Casting (TCC) has been identied as 'Gold Standard' treatment approach by ofoading in neuropathic foot
ulceration, a very common but notorious complication of Leprosy & Diabetes. Here we tried to compare its efcacy in
diabetic & leprotic foot ulcer.
AIMS & OBJECTIVES:
1. To observe the outcomes of TCC in Leprotic & Diabetic planter ulcer.
2. To compare the effectiveness of TCC in these two conditions.
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective analytical study
SAMPLE SIZE: n= 24 (12 diabetic & 12 Hansen's)
STUDY DURATION: 12 months.
STUDY PLACE: Dept of PMR; IPGMER & SSKMH, Kolkata
INCLUSION CRITERA:
1. Unilateral solitary Grade 1 & 2 planter ulcerations (Wagner classication).
2. Age: 20-60 years.
3. Ambulatory patients.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
1. Grade-3/4/5 planter ulcerations
2. Excessive leg or foot swelling.
METHODS & MATERIALS:At rst, ulcers were debrided of all necrotic-tissue to create a smooth surface. Then after proper positioning, over
a small amount of cotton padding, the cast was applied covering the toes up to 2 cm distal to bular head with a rocker sole for ofoading.
ASSESSMENT: st rd th Assessment was done in consecutive 3 visits at the end of 1 /3 /6 week comparing the size, depth, downgrading of Wagner
classication & time taken for complete ulcer healing.
CONCLUSION: Overall healing in both groups was very good with TCC with no statistically signicant improvement difference