bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of Bi(iii) immobilized on triazine dendrimer-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles: a reusable catalyst for the synthesis of aminonaphthoquinones and bis-aminonaphthoquinones
Authors: Asadi Beheshteh , Mohammadpoor-Baltork Iraj , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Moghadam Majid , Mirkhani Valiollah , Landarani-Isfahani Amir
Published: April 2016

A novel method for synthesis of aminonaphthoquinone derivatives using Fe3O4@TDSN–Bi(iii) is reported.
ChemApproach: validation of a questionnaire to assess the learning approaches of chemistry students
Authors: Lastusaari Mika , Laakkonen Eero , Murtonen Mari
Published: April 2016

The theory of learning approaches has proven to be one of the most powerful theories explaining university students' learning. However, learning approaches are sensitive to the situation and the content of learning. Chemistry has its own specific features that should be considered when exploring chemistry students' learning habits, specifically the role of practicals (i.e.hands-on laboratory work), as they are crucial in chemistry education. Therefore, the aims of this study were to find and validate a questionnaire for measuring chemistry students' learning approaches. A 17-item questionnaire was tested with 561 Finnish chemistry students from four different universities. Students ranging from the first year bachelor level to the fifth year master level participated in the study. Statistical analyses showed that a four factor model fitted the data best and these factors were named submissive surface, technical surface, active deep, and practical deep. In order to establish validity, the model was further tested by analysis of the subgroups of the major subject and gender. The analyses show that the questionnaire is statistically valid and can be used for studying chemistry students' learning approaches.
Fabrication of a cross-linked supramolecular polymer on the basis of cucurbit[8]uril-based host–guest recognition with tunable AIE behaviors
Authors: Wang Lili , Sun Zhe , Ye Miaomiao , Shao Yu , Fang Lei , Liu Xiaowei
Published: April 2016

A photo-responsive cross-linked supramolecular polymer was prepared based on a ternary host–guest molecular recognition motif between cucurbit[8]uril and 1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium dication and azobenzene derivative, and its AIE behavior was also investigated.
EMI shielding of MWCNT/ABS nanocomposites in contrast to graphite/ABS composites and MWCNT/PS nanocomposites
Authors: Sachdev V. K. , Sharma S. K. , Tomar Monika , Gupta Vinay , Tandon R. P.
Published: April 2016

SE of MWCNT/ABS compare to MWCNT/PS and Gr/ABS as a function of σdc.
Facile method for the synthesis of Fe3O4@HCP core–shell porous magnetic microspheres for fast separation of organic dyes from aqueous solution
Authors: Pan Long , Xu Meng-Ying , Liu Zi-Lu , Du Bi-Bai , Yang Kun-Hao , Wu Li , He Peng , He Yu-Jian
Published: April 2016

A novel type of porous magnetic microsphere (Fe3O4@HCP) was firstly synthesized and possesses a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area and excellent adsorption capacity for organic dyes.
Ionic liquid prolongs DNA translocation through graphene nanopores
Authors: Kulkarni Mandar , Mukherjee Arnab
Published: April 2016

Ionic liquid molecules interact strongly with DNA and effectively reduce its translocation speed via graphene nanopore.
Stereoisomers of an azine-linked donor–acceptor conjugated polymer: the impact of molecular conformation on electrical performance
Authors: Poduval Mithrabinda K. , Arrechea-Marcos Iratxe , Carmen Ruiz Delgado M. , Park Taiho , López Navarrete J. Teodomiro , Ortiz Rocío Ponce , Kim Tae-Hyun
Published: April 2016

We herein report the synthesis of a pair of azine linked donor–acceptor type conjugated polymers by the use of palladium(ii)-based direct arylation.
Molecular chain bonding synthesis of nanoporous, flexible and conductive polymer composite with outstanding performance for supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Yangfan , Tan Yunhong , Yang Kang , Wu Zexiong , Zhang Zishou , Zhang Mingqiu , Mai Kancheng
Published: April 2016

Molecular chain bonding is, for the first time, developed to synthesize a nanoporous, flexible and conductive polymer composite for high-performance flexible supercapacitors.
Novel zirconium silicate phosphor K2ZrSi2O7:Eu2+for white light-emitting diodes and field emission displays
Authors: Tang Zuobin , Wang Deyin , Khan Waheed U. , Du Shanshan , Wang Xicheng , Wang Yuhua
Published: April 2016

A novel blue-emitting zirconium silicate phosphor K2ZrSi2O7:Eu2+was prepared by solid-state reaction for the first time, and its crystal structure was determined from the XRD profiles by using Rietveld refinement and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).
The evolution of the boundary layer in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in air
Authors: du Puits R. , Willert C.
Published: April 2016

We report measurements of the near-wall flow field in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in air (Pr = 0.7) using particle image velocimetry. The measurements were performed in a thin, rectangular sample at fixed Rayleigh number Ra = 1.45 × 1010. In particular, we focus on the evolution of the boundary layer that a single convection roll generates along its path at the lower horizontal plate. We identify three specific flow regions along this path: (i) a region of wall-normal impingement of the down flow close to one corner of the sample, (ii) a region where a shear layer with almost constant thickness evolves, and (iii) a region in which this boundary layer grows and eventually detaches from the plate surface at the opposite corner of the sample. Our measurements with a spatial resolution better than 1/500 of the total thickness of the boundary layer show that the typical velocity field as well as its statistics qualitatively varies between the three flow regions. In particular, it could be verified that the shear layer region covering about 75% of the total area of the plate is in transition to turbulence at the Rayleigh number as low as investigated in the present work.
A Hamiltonian perturbation theory for the nonlinear Vlasov equation
Authors: Webb Stephen D.
Published: April 2016

The nonlinear Vlasov equation contains the full nonlinear dynamics and collective effects of a given Hamiltonian system. The linearized approximation is not valid for a variety of interesting systems, nor is it simple to extend to higher order. It is also well-known that the linearized approximation to the Vlasov equation is invalid for long times, due to its inability to correctly capture fine phase space structures. We derive a perturbation theory for the Vlasov equation based on the underlying Hamiltonian structure of the phase space evolution. We obtain an explicit perturbation series for a dressed Hamiltonian applicable to arbitrary systems whose dynamics can be described by the nonlinear Vlasov equation.
Femtosecond infrared spectroscopy of channelrhodopsin-1 chromophore isomerization
Authors: Stensitzki T. , Yang Y. , Muders V. , Schlesinger R. , Heberle J. , Heyne K.
Published: April 2016

Vibrational dynamics of the retinal all-trans to 13-cis photoisomerization in channelrhodopsin-1 from Chlamydomonas augustae (CaChR1) was investigated by femtosecond visible pump mid-IR probe spectroscopy. After photoexcitation, the transient infrared absorption of C-C stretching modes was detected. The formation of the 13-cis photoproduct marker band at 1193 cm−1 was observed within the time resolution of 0.3 ps. We estimated the photoisomerization yield to (60 ± 6) %. We found additional time constants of (0.55 ± 0.05) ps and (6 ± 1) ps, assigned to cooling, and cooling processes with a back-reaction pathway. An additional bleaching band demonstrates the ground-state heterogeneity of retinal.
Distribution of fish larvae within a weakly tidal mangrove lagoon
Authors: Jaxion-Harm J. , Speight M. R.
Published: April 2016

Mangroves have been shown to provide valuable nursery grounds to juvenile fishes, yet little is known regarding larval distribution and settlement processes in this habitat. To investigate fish larvae in mangrove habitat in a semi-isolated lagoon (surface area 750m2), we employed multiple catch methods: plankton tows, minnow traps, and light traps during June–August 2008 and 2009. Overall, nine families of fish larvae were caught in the light traps. Light traps caught significantly more fish larvae during the new moon compared with the full moon. Plankton tow nets caught early-stage, unidentifiable (without DNA analysis) larvae. Minnow traps only caught a total of three fish larvae. Overall, scarids (parrotfish) and lutjanids (snappers) were the most common larvae from coral-reef fish families and were found at sites over 1km upstream of the mouth of the mangrove lagoon. Without the aid of tidal influence (and nets requiring hydrodynamic force), sampling is difficult in these turbid, shallow waters.
Language ideologies in social media
Authors: Vessey Rachelle
Published: April 2016

When inspectors from the Office québécois de la langue francçaise (OQLF) objected to the use of the word “pasta” in a Montreal restaurant in February 2013, a backlash in news and social media erupted internationally. Ensuing pressure led to the resignation of the OQLF head and a revision of OQLF language complaint procedures; the Pastagate story also contributed to mounting negativity towards the province and its language. Social media have been credited with playing a role in the proliferation of the story and its impact. Drawing on a corpus of Tweets containing PASTAGATE, this paper uses corpus-assisted discourse studies to explore language ideologies in English and French Tweets. Findings reveal divergent language ideologies and representations of the Pastagate affair. The paper concludes by suggesting that language ideological debates in a superdiverse online world may have implications for minority languages in the offline world of nation-states.
Donor-Driven Transitional Justice and Peacebuilding
Authors: Muvingi Ismael
Published: April 2016

The prescription of transitional justice (TJ) has become the norm when societies emerge from violent conflict and/or political repression. Because of the realities of most post-conflict situations, funding and logistical support for TJ comes primarily from international sources. Post-conflict situations vary, but there has developed internationally a template of TJ tailored to attract international support and resources and a self-reinforcing dynamic is emerging: the international community insists that TJ processes must conform to international norms and standards, donors look to invest their monies in trusted mechanisms, a professionalised contingent of scholars and practitioners provides expertise and promises outcomes, and recipient governments, NGOs and other practitioners synchronise their performance with donor expectations and demands. This paper interrogates the ethical dilemmas when TJ is donor driven, points out some of the dangers when TJ is externally defined, de-contextualised, technicised and results oriented, and suggests some alternative ways of approaching transitions.
The routes for transformation of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Okosun Jessica , Montoto Silvia , Fitzgibbon Jude
Published: April 2016

Purpose of review

Aggressive transformation, a frequent event in the natural history of follicular lymphoma, is associated with increased lymphoma-related mortality and yet the underlying biology remains poorly defined. This review outlines recent advances in our understanding of the genetic basis and evolutionary process leading to transformation.

Recent findings

Both the antecedent indolent and transformed follicular lymphoma (tFL) arise through branched divergent evolution with tumors emerging from a founder precursor population, the common progenitor cell. Although the majority of tFLs maintain a germinal center B-cell gene expression signature, an activated B-cell-type (ABC-type) profile appears to predominate in BCL2-translocation negative cases. It does not appear that a single unifying genetic or epigenetic event promotes a fitter and more aggressive clone.

Transformed follicular tumors are genetically heterogeneous perhaps reflecting the varying clinical behavior and outcomes of this disease event. Follicular lymphoma and tFL remain incurable tumors highlighted by our inability to eradicate the founder common progenitor cell population with current therapies. Progress has now been made in defining the genetic events and evolutionary pathways responsible for transformation. Although more research is required in predicting and understanding the biology of transformation, there are opportunities to improve outcomes by preferentially directing targeted therapies toward ‘actionable’ early and transformation-specific aberrations.
Localizing metabolic synthesis in microbial cultures with kinetic mass spectrometry imaging (kMSI)
Authors: Louie Katherine B. , Bowen Benjamin P. , Lau Rebecca , Northen Trent R.
Published: April 2016

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as a powerful technique enabling spatially defined imaging of metabolites within microbial biofilms. Here, we extend this approach to enable differentiation of newly synthesized versus pre-existing metabolites across a co-culture. This is accomplished by MS imaging two soil microbes,Shewanella oneidensisMR1 andPseudomonas stutzeriRCH2, that were administered heavy water (D2O) during growth on agar plates. For two species-specific diglyceride (DG) lipids, isotopic analysis was performed on each spectra collected across the co-culture to determine the relative amount of newly synthesized versus pre-existing lipid. Here, highest levels of new synthesis of RCH2 lipid was localized to border regions adjacent toS. oneidensisMR1, while the MR1 lipid showed highest levels in regions further from RCH2. Interestingly, regions of high lipid abundance did not correspond to the regions with highest new lipid biosynthesis. Given the simplicity and generality of using D2O as a stable isotopic probe combined with the accessibility of kMSI to a range of MSI instrumentation, this approach has broad application for improving our understanding of how microbial interactions influence metabolite biosynthesis.
Proportion of cocaine-coding neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex determines individual drug preferences
Authors: Guillem Karine , Ahmed Serge H.
Published: April 2016

Cocaine addiction is a harmful preference for drug use over and at the expense of other nondrug-related activities. Here we identify in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) – a prefrontal region involved in choice and decision-making – a mechanism that explains individual preferences in rats between cocaine use and an alternative, nondrug action. We found that initiation of these actions is selectively encoded by two non-overlapping populations of OFC neurons, and that the relative size and differential pre-choice activity of the cocaine action-coding population determine an individual preference, a larger size and a higher pre-choice activity being associated with cocaine preference. A larger size is a structural feature that may confer to a population of OFC neurons a competitive advantage during choice in favor of the encoded action. Such structural encoding also explains two other major defining features of an individual drug preference, its stability over time and its resistance to change.
Mst1 shuts off cytosolic antiviral defense through IRF3 phosphorylation
Authors: Meng Fansen , Zhou Ruyuan , Wu Shiying , Zhang Qian , Jin Qiuheng , Zhou Yao , Plouffe Steven W. , Liu Shengduo , Song Hai , Xia Zongping , Zhao Bin , Ye Sheng , Feng Xin-Hua , Guan Kun-Liang , Zou Jian , Xu Pinglong
Published: April 2016

Cytosolic RNA/DNA sensing elicits primary defense against viral pathogens. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a key signal mediator/transcriptional factor of the antiviral-sensing pathway, is indispensible for interferon production and antiviral defense. However, how the status of IRF3 activation is controlled remains elusive. Through a functional screen of the human kinome, we found that mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1), but not Mst2, profoundly inhibited cytosolic nucleic acid sensing. Mst1 associated with IRF3 and directly phosphorylated IRF3 at Thr75 and Thr253. This Mst1-mediated phosphorylation abolished activated IRF3 homodimerization, its occupancy on chromatin, and subsequent IRF3-mediated transcriptional responses. In addition, Mst1 also impeded virus-induced activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), further attenuating IRF3 activation. As a result, Mst1 depletion or ablation enabled an enhanced antiviral response and defense in cells and mice. Therefore, the identification of Mst1 as a novel physiological negative regulator of IRF3 activation provides mechanistic insights into innate antiviral defense and potential antiviral prevention strategies.
An examination of the quality of social and environmental disclosures by Nigerian oil companies
Authors: Odera Odhiambo , Scott Albert , Gow Jeff
Published: April 2016

Purpose

This study seeks to examine the quantity and quality of social and environmental disclosures (SEDs) of Nigerian oil companies. The study aims to analyse SED activities as reported by the oil companies in their annual reports.

Design/methodology/approach

The study analyses annual reports through content analysis. SED quantity is measured by alternative two units: number of sentences and number of pages. A two-point scale system to assess SED quality is used as follows: 1 = if SED is quantitative and reports specific activities of a company concerning its social and environmental responsibility; 0 = otherwise. Correlation analysis is performed among the different SED categories to identify the relationships among them. Kolmongrov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests for normality are utilised.

Findings

SED activities are reported by most of the companies, and by quantity, employee information is found to be the most common type of disclosure. SED quantity and quality in the environment category is found to be overwhelmingly low despite the large-scale public concern expressed about the levels of the environmental degradation caused by oil company operations.

Research limitations/implications

The data collected for this study are based on one country, which controls diversity but limits the generalizability of the findings. The study is limited by the sample which includes mainly quoted companies, as they are believed to make improved disclosures because of their investor orientation and statutory obligations.

Originality/value

The study extends SED research by focusing on social disclosures such as employee-, community- and health- and safety-related disclosures. The study also investigates the motivations of SED providers and establishes a link between stakeholder demands/engagement and the level of disclosure.
The missing middle in developing countries revisited
Authors: Dasgupta Kunal
Published: April 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a dynamic model to understand the evolution of the firm size distribution in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Evidence points to the existence of a “missing middle” in the size distribution of firms in developing countries. In the model presented in this paper, the bimodality arises because of agents optimally selecting into a traditional and a modern sector. The key parameter in this model is the mean level of knowledge in the economy.

Findings

For a low mean, the two sectors co-exist. As the mean rises, the size distribution converges from a bimodal to an unimodal distribution.

Originality/value

Unlike existing explanations, this model does not rely on frictions to generate the bimodality in size distribution.
E-banking users’ behaviour: e-service quality, attitude, and customer satisfaction
Authors: Ayo Charles k. , Oni Aderonke Atinuke , Adewoye Oyerinde J. , Eweoya Ibukun O.
Published: April 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting e-banking usage based on electronic service (e-service) quality, attitude and customer satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

– A conceptual model to investigate factors that influence e-banking usage was developed based on review of existing literature. The model employed e-services quality variable, diffusion of innovation construct and self-efficacy to better reflect the users’ views of e-banking usage. Data collected from 254 e-banking users were used to test the model. The data were analysed based on PLS-SEM using SmartPLS 3.0.

Findings

– The result reveals that perceived e-service quality has a strong influence on customer satisfaction and use of e-banking, which means that greater quality of e-service has the potential to increase satisfaction and consequently result in to more use of e-banking. In this research findings, competence of e-service support staff, system availability, service portfolio, responsiveness and reliability, in that order, were found to be most significant in rating e-service quality.

Practical implications

– This offers financial institutions and professional relevant information e-banking services that will promote greater customer satisfaction and use of e-banking.

Originality/value

– This paper contributes to knowledge advancement in bank marketing by providing insight into motivational factors of e-banking services quality and personal characteristics.
A method for controlling crowd flow by changing recommender information on navigation application
Authors: Shen Ruiwei , Terada Tsutomu , Tsukamoto Masahiko
Published: April 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to control the crowd flow naturally by presenting appropriate information.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors developed a navigation application for an event held in Osaka called “Osaka Mizube Bar”, and divided users into three groups to present different information in restaurants’ view list.

Findings

The results of the experiment confirmed that users will focus on the position of the rank list, regardless of the information for each item.

Originality/value

This paper used persuasive technology in information presentation for event application.
Accumulated knowledge and innovation as antecedents of reputation in new ventures
Authors: Hormiga Esther , García-Almeida Desiderio Juan
Published: April 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of an entrepreneur’s accumulated knowledge and firm’s innovation on the development of reputation in the early years of a new venture from a knowledge-based approach.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study proposes a model that is tested with a sample of 130 firms in non-high-tech industries from the Canary Islands (Spain) using structural equation modelling. Data were collected through a survey.

Findings

– This study provide interesting insights on the effect of reputation on the performance in new ventures, along with antecedents of the new firm’s reputation from the knowledge-based view. The findings confirm that innovation and prior knowledge play important roles in the development of reputation in the early years of a new venture and that reputation has a significant effect on the performance of a new firm. The entrepreneur’s stock of knowledge does not reveal itself as a significant determinant of innovation and knowledge creation in this context.

Research limitations/implications

– The entrepreneur’s accumulated knowledge should be seen as a valuable existing asset for a new venture, and innovation and knowledge creation can be used to develop core competencies in orientating the strategic direction of a new venture. Both elements become fundamental despite addressing non-high-tech industries.

Practical implications

– Entrepreneurs should be aware of the key role that the creation and the stock of knowledge play in the first years of company life and this research shows how significant this relationship with the initial reputation and performance of new venture in non-high-technology industries is.

Originality/value

– There is a relative scarcity of studies on reputation-building strategies in new entrepreneurial ventures, and the present study adopts an original knowledge-based perspective to shed new light on the analysis of reputation.
Mixture of Time-Dependent Growth Models with an Application to Blue Swimmer Crab Length-Frequency Data
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Luke R. , Nguyen Hien D. , McLachlan Geoffrey J. , Sumpton Wayne , Wang You-Gan
Published: April 2016

Understanding how aquatic species grow is fundamental in fisheries because stock assessment often relies on growth dependent statistical models. Length-frequency-based methods become important when more applicable data for growth model estimation are either not available or very expensive. In this article, we develop a new framework for growth estimation from length-frequency data using a generalized von Bertalanffy growth model (VBGM) framework that allows for time-dependent covariates to be incorporated. A finite mixture of normal distributions is used to model the length-frequency cohorts of each month with the means constrained to follow a VBGM. The variances of the finite mixture components are constrained to be a function of mean length, reducing the number of parameters and allowing for an estimate of the variance at any length. To optimize the likelihood, we use a minorization–maximization (MM) algorithm with a Nelder–Mead sub-step. This work was motivated by the decline in catches of the blue swimmer crab (BSC) (Portunus armatus) off the east coast of Queensland, Australia. We test the method with a simulation study and then apply it to the BSC fishery data.
Role of serum‐ and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinases in stroke
Authors: Inoue Koichi , Leng Tiandong , Yang Tao , Zeng Zhao , Ueki Takatoshi , Xiong Zhi‐Gang
Published: April 2016

Increased expression of serum‐ and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) can be induced by stress and growth factors in mammals, and plays an important role in cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. A recent work suggested that SGK1 activity restores damage in a stroke model. To further investigate the role of SGKs in ischemic brain injury, we examined how SGK inhibitors influence stroke outcome in vivo and neurotoxicity in vitro. Infarct volumes were compared in adult mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by 24 h reperfusion, in the absence or presence of SGK inhibitors. Neurotoxicity assay, electrophysiological recording, and fluorescence Ca2+ imaging were carried out using cultured cortical neurons to evaluate the underlying mechanisms. Contrary to our expectation, infarct volume by stroke decreased significantly when SGK inhibitor, gsk650394, or EMD638683, was administrated 30 min before middle cerebral artery occlusion under normal and diabetic conditions. SGK inhibitors reduced neurotoxicity mediated by N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, a leading factor responsible for cell death in stroke. SGK inhibitors also ameliorated Ca2+ increase and peak amplitude of NMDA current in cultured neurons. In addition, SGK inhibitor gsk650394 decreased phosphorylation of Nedd4‐2 and inhibited voltage‐gated sodium currents. These observations suggest that SGK activity exacerbates stroke damage and that SGK inhibitors may be useful candidates for therapeutic intervention.

image

To investigate the role of serum‐ and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinases (SGKs) in ischemic brain injury, we examined how SGK inhibitors influence stroke outcome. Infarct volumes induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion were decreased significantly by SGK inhibitors. The inhibitors also reduced glutamate toxicity, at least partly, by attenuation of NMDA and voltage‐gated sodium currents. Thus, SGK inhibition attenuates stroke damage.
Analysis of Architectural Complexity for Product Family and Platform
Authors: Kim Gwang , Kwon Yunjung , Suh Eun Suk , Ahn Jaemyung
Published: April 2016

A product family is a set of products that are derived from common sets of parts, interfaces, and processes, known as the product platform. To reduce development time and procurement and operating costs of product platform-based variants, the product platform can be designed after consideration of several characteristics, such as modularity, flexibility, sustainability, and complexity. In this paper, the product platform is viewed from the perspective of system architecting. The architectural complexities of both the platform and its variants, which together constitute a product family, can be quantitatively assessed using a specifically tailored metric. This will aid system architects in designing product platforms and resulting product variants with an emphasis on reducing complexity. Architectural complexity management is demonstrated through a case study of a train bogie platform.
Optimal Design of Vibrating Systems Through Partial Eigenstructure Assignment
Authors: Belotti Roberto , Richiedei Dario , Trevisani Alberto
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes an inverse structural modification method for eigenstructure assignment (EA), which allows to assign the desired mode shapes only at the parts of interest of the system. The presence of unimposed eigenvector entries leads to a nonconvex problem. Therefore, to boost the convergence to a global optimal solution, a homotopy optimization strategy is implemented based on the convex approximation of the cost function. Such a relaxation is performed through some auxiliary variables and through the McCormick's relaxation of the occurring bilinear terms. The approach handles general assignment tasks, with an arbitrary number of modification parameters and prescribed eigenpairs.
Mechanistic investigations of matrix metalloproteinase-8 inhibition by metal abstraction peptide
Authors: Tucker Jenifer K. , McNiff Michaela L. , Ulapane Sasanka B. , Spencer Paulette , Laurence Jennifer S. , Berrie Cindy L.
Published: April 2016

The mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) inhibition was investigated using ellipsometric measurements of the interaction of MMP-8 with a surface bound peptide inhibitor, tether-metal abstraction peptide (MAP), bound to self-assembled monolayer films. MMP-8 is a collagenase whose activity and dysregulation have been implicated in a number of disease states, including cancer metastasis, diabetic neuropathy, and degradation of biomedical reconstructions, including dental restorations. Regulation of activity of MMP-8 and other matrix metalloproteinases is thus a significant, but challenging, therapeutic target. Strong inhibition of MMP-8 activity has recently been achieved via the small metal binding peptide tether-MAP. Here, the authors elucidate the mechanism of this inhibition and demonstrate that it occurs through the direct interaction of the MAP Tag and the Zn2+ binding site in the MMP-8 active site. This enhanced understanding of the mechanism of inhibition will allow the design of more potent inhibitors as well as assays important for monitoring critical MMP levels in disease states.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Mycobacterium brumae
ATCC 51384
Authors: D'Auria Giuseppe , Torrents Eduard , Luquin Marina , Comas Iñaki , Julián Esther
Published: April 2016

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Mycobacterium brumae
type strain ATCC 51384. This is the first draft genome sequence of
M. brumae
, a nonpathogenic, rapidly growing, nonchromogenic mycobacterium, with immunotherapeutic capacities.
Draft Genome Sequence of “
Paramesorhizobium deserti
” A-3-E
T
, a Strain Highly Resistant to Diverse β-Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: Lv Ruichen , Yang Xianwei , Fang Nan , Song Yuqin , Luo Xuesong , Guo Jingyu , Peng Fang , Yang Ruifu , Cui Yujun , Fang Chengxiang , Song Yajun
Published: April 2016

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of “
Paramesorhizobium deserti
” A-3-E
T
, a strain isolated from the Taklimakan Desert of Xinjiang, China, which is resistant to multiple β-lactam antibiotics and other antibiotics (kanamycin, erythromycin, streptomycin, etc.) as well.
High-Quality Draft Genomes from
Thermus caliditerrae
YIM 77777 and
T. tengchongensis
YIM 77401, Isolates from Tengchong, China
Authors: Mefferd Chrisabelle C. , Zhou En-Min , Yu Tian-Tian , Ming Hong , Murugapiran Senthil K. , Huntemann Marcel , Clum Alicia , Pillay Manoj , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Varghese Neha , Mikhailova Natalia , Stamatis Dimitrios , Reddy T. B. K. , Ngan Chew Yee , Daum Chris , Duffy Kecia , Shapiro Nicole , Markowitz Victor , Ivanova Natalia , Kyrpides Nikos , Williams Amanda J. , Woyke Tanja , Li Wen-Jun , Hedlund Brian P.
Published: April 2016

The draft genomes of
Thermus  tengchongensis
YIM 77401 and
T. caliditerrae
YIM 77777 are 2,562,314 and 2,218,114 bp and encode 2,726 and 2,305 predicted genes, respectively. Gene content and growth experiments demonstrate broad metabolic capacity, including starch hydrolysis, thiosulfate oxidation, arsenite oxidation, incomplete denitrification, and polysulfide reduction.
Impact of previous open renal surgery on the outcomes of subsequent percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Henglong , Lu Yuchao , Cui Lei , Zhang Jiaqiao , Zhao Zhenyu , Qin Baolong , Wang Yufeng , Wang Qing , Wang Shaogang
Published: April 2016

Objective

The aim of this study was to systematically compare the perioperative outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with or without previous ipsilateral open renal surgery (POS).

Design

Systematic searches of the PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were used to identify relevant studies, and, following literature screening and data extraction, a meta-analysis was performed.

Results

17 retrospective cohort studies involving 4833 procedures (4784 patients) were included. No statistically significant differences were observed between patients with or without POS in terms of supracostal access; single/multiple tracts; metal dilator need; time required to access the collecting system; fluoroscopic duration; demand for analgesics; hospital stay; final stone-free rate; and risk of developing certain complications (eg, fever, haemorrhage, haemo/hydro/pneumothorax, blood transfusion, urinary tract infection and sepsis) as well as regarding the risk of total complications. Patients with POS, however, had a greater drop in haemoglobin (weighted mean difference (WMD), 1.78 g/L; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.47; p<0.00001) and higher risk of bleeding that required angiographic embolisation (relative risk (RR), 3.73; 95% CI 1.36 to 10.21; p=0.01). In addition, patients with POS also had a lower initial stone-free rate (RR, 0.96; 95% CI 0.92 to 0.99; p=0.007) and more secondary treatment (RR, 1.61; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.37; p=0.02). Sensitivity analysis produced comparable results except for differences in operative time and initial stone-free rate, which did, however, prove to be statistically insignificant (p=0.16 and 0.69, respectively).

Conclusions

Current evidence suggests that percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with POS is associated with a significantly greater drop in haemoglobin, higher risk of requiring angiographic embolisation and auxiliary procedures, potentially longer operative time, and lower initial stone-free rate than percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients without POS.
New solitary solutions in FPU-β atom chain
Authors: Li Jin-Xing , Zhang Shaowu , Liu Fei , Gao Yu
Published: April 2016

Solitons in one-dimensional FPU-[Formula: see text] lattice chains were studied by the Jacobi elliptic function expansion method under the condition of quasi-continuum approximation. It is found that there exhibits a novel nonlinear elementary excitation, i.e. exact solitary solutions. On the basis of the above, the influence of the nonlinear intensity on the solitons was analyzed. It is found that the modulation amplitude of soliton is related closely to the nonlinear parameter also.
ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN LIFE SCIENCES: THE CASE OF A MODERATE INNOVATOR COUNTRY
Authors: TEIXEIRA AURORA A. C. , NOGUEIRA JOÃO
Published: April 2016

The commercialization of research done by universities and research institutes is seen as a key element of entrepreneurship, justifying a better understanding of the entrepreneurial process within those institutions. Despite efforts in recent decades, there remains a widespread ignorance about who are the individuals with a greater vocation for research and marketing of knowledge. Focusing on a relatively unexplored context — the field of life sciences in a moderate innovator country, Portugal — this study adds new empirical evidence to the precedents of academic entrepreneurship. The results, based on 247 responses, evidence that entrepreneurship (including patent production, consultancy work and creation of start-up companies) is still very incipient. The econometric analysis of the “Index of entrepreneurial activity,” shows that: (1) the phenomenon of academic entrepreneurship is within everyone’s reach, but embraced by very few; and (2) academic entrepreneurship feeds on the exchange of knowledge and resources among universities and research institutes and their socio-economic environment. Thus, to increase academic entrepreneurship in life science in Portugal, the mechanisms to facilitate the interactions between universities and the business community must be strengthened, promoting the development of business clusters with the integration of the academic world, which will enable the transformation of knowledge into market products and services.
Radiation-induced catalysis of low energy nuclear reactions in solids
Authors: Dubinko Vladimir
Published: April 2016

The Schwinger model of nuclear fusion extended with account of localized anharmonic vibrations (LAV) has been applied to the nuclear reaction presumably taking place in the metal hydrides/deuterides. LAV excited in NiH lattice can enhance the fusion rate by 25 orders of magnitude. New method of the low-temperature catalysis of low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) is proposed, which is based on the excitation of LAV in solids by Bremsstrahlung gamma and Characteristic X-rays produced by accelerated electrons hitting a metallic converter. The main advantage of the high-frequency electromagnetic irradiation is its deep penetration into the reactor material as compared to the electrons of the same energies. Upon entering the metal hydride/deuteride lattice, Characteristic X-rays are converted to the electrons of the same energies throughout the crystal bulk due to the photoelectric effect. The keV electrons produced in this way interact with heavy (metal) and light (H/D) ions resulting in significant displacements of the light ions while leaving the heavy metal ions essentially unperturbed. In this way, it is possible to excite LAV in the H/D sub-lattice in the whole volume of fuel mixture, which act as catalysts of LENR due to the time-periodic modulation of the potential wells, in which protons or deuterons are trapped. Experimental evidence of irradiation effect on the rate of chemical and nuclear reactions in solids is discussed and new experiments based on the present method are proposed.
Libby amphibole-induced mesothelial cell autoantibodies promote collagen deposition in mice
Authors: Gilmer John , Serve Kinta , Davis Chad , Anthony Marti , Hanson Robert , Harding Tanner , Pfau Jean C.
Published: April 2016

Libby amphibole (LA) causes a unique progressive lamellar pleural fibrosis (LPF) that is associated with pulmonary function decline. Pleural fibrosis among the LA-exposed population of Libby, MT, has been associated with the production of anti-mesothelial cell autoantibodies (MCAA), which induce collagen production from cultured human mesothelial cells. We hypothesized that the progressive nature of LPF could be at least partially attributed to an autoimmune process and sought to demonstrate that LA-induced MCAA trigger collagen deposition in vivo. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to LA for 7 mo, and serum was tested for MCAA by cell-based ELISA on primary mouse mesothelial cells. When treated in vitro with serum from mice exposed to LA, mesothelial cells upregulated collagen matrix production. This effect was lost when the serum was cleared of IgG using protein G beads, implicating IgG autoantibodies. Using the peritoneal cavity as a surrogate for the pleural cavity, groups of naïve (non-asbestos-exposed) mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1) control serum, 2) one dose of serum from LA-exposed mice (LA serum), 3) two doses of LA serum, or 4) two doses of LA serum cleared of IgG. After 1 mo, analysis of collagen in peritoneal walls using two-photon confocal microscopy (SHG analysis) and a hydroxyproline assay demonstrated significant increases in collagen by LA serum but not control or cleared serum. These data support the hypothesis that MCAA in LA-exposed mice induce fibrotic responses in vivo, demonstrating that an autoimmune component may be contributing to the progressive pleural fibrosis seen in LA-exposed patients.
¿Innovar? sí, pero ¿cómo?
Authors: Cabaleiro Goretti
Published: April 2016

Con la proliferación de los Mercados de la Tecnología, las empresas ya no tienen la necesidad de desarrollar la tecnología de manera interna sino que también pueden adquirirla de manera externa. Sin embargo, lograr una combinación adecuada de I+D interna y externa es complejo. En efecto, los estudios científicos no entregan resultados concluyentes que permitan medir el impacto que tiene cada una de estas estrategias en el desempeño de las empresas. Este artículo describe las principales ventajas y desventajas asociadas a cada enfoque de acuerdo a la teoría y evidencia internacional.
A Phase Ib Study of Alpelisib (BYL719), a PI3Kα-Specific Inhibitor, with Letrozole in ER+/HER2− Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Mayer Ingrid A. , Abramson Vandana G. , Formisano Luigi , Balko Justin M. , Estrada Mónica V. , Sanders Melinda E. , Juric Dejan , Solit David , Berger Michael F. , Won Helen H. , Li Yisheng , Cantley Lewis C. , Winer Eric , Arteaga Carlos L.
Published: April 2016

Purpose: Alpelisib, a selective oral inhibitor of the class I PI3K catalytic subunit p110α, has shown synergistic antitumor activity with endocrine therapy against ER+/PIK3CA-mutated breast cancer cells. This phase Ib study evaluated alpelisib plus letrozole's safety, tolerability, and preliminary activity in patients with metastatic ER+ breast cancer refractory to endocrine therapy.

Experimental Design: Twenty-six patients received letrozole and alpelisib daily. Outcomes were assessed by standard solid-tumor phase I methods. Tumor blocks were collected for DNA extraction and next-generation sequencing.

Results: Alpelisib's maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) in combination with letrozole was 300 mg/d. Common drug-related adverse events included hyperglycemia, nausea, fatigue, diarrhea, and rash with dose-limiting toxicity occurring at 350 mg/d of alpelisib. The clinical benefit rate (lack of progression ≥6 months) was 35% (44% in patients with PIK3CA-mutated and 20% in PIK3CA wild-type tumors; 95% CI, 17%–56%), including five objective responses. Of eight patients remaining on treatment ≥12 months, six had tumors with a PIK3CA mutation. Among evaluable tumors, those with FGFR1/2 amplification and KRAS and TP53 mutations did not derive clinical benefit. Overexpression of FGFR1 in ER+/PIK3CA mutant breast cancer cells attenuated the response to alpelisib in vitro.

Conclusions: The combination of letrozole and alpelisib was safe, with reversible toxicities. Clinical activity was observed independently of PIK3CA mutation status, although clinical benefit was seen in a higher proportion of patients with PIK3CA-mutated tumors. Phase II and III trials of alpelisib and endocrine therapy in patients with ER+ breast cancer are ongoing. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 26–34. ©2016 AACR.
Gastrointestinal Zygomycosis Masquerading as Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Choi Won-Tak , Chang Tammy T. , Gill Ryan M.
Published: April 2016

Zygomycosis is a rare invasive opportunistic fungal infection that occurs in the setting of hematologic malignancies, chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and immunosuppressive therapies. We report the first case of disseminated appendiceal zygomycosis due to Absidia spp. in a neutropenic patient who initially presented as acute appendicitis. A 63-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia presented as acute appendicitis while receiving induction chemotherapy and ultimately succumbed to overwhelming disseminated zygomycosis. Initial symptoms included loose stools and right lower abdominal pain unresponsive to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Clinical examination and cross-sectional imaging suggested acute appendicitis. The final diagnosis was established by histological evaluations of the ileocecectomy specimen, which showed angioinvasive fungal organisms within the necrotic appendiceal wall with characteristics typical of zygomycetes. Fungal cultures demonstrated Absidia spp. The patient was treated with amphotericin B but expired in the setting of fungal sepsis. A diagnosis of a fungal infection, including zygomycosis, should be considered in all chemotherapy-induced neutropenic patients who present with symptoms of acute appendicitis. A high index of clinical suspicion with prompt histologic and culture diagnosis of zygomycosis may reduce the high mortality and morbidity associated with zygomycosis of the gastrointestinal tract.
Efficacy of Tadalafil De-Escalation in the Treatment of Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Li Guangyu , Lan Haiyan , Liang Jihong , Zhang Chengmei , Huang Cunchao
Published: April 2016

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of tadalafil de-escalation in the therapeutic effects of psychogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) during the 3 months extension phase. Methods: A total of 90 men with mild to severe psychogenic ED were randomly divided into 2 groups: tadalafil 5 mg group and tadalafil de-escalation group. Efficacy assessments included the 5-item version of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) questionnaires, Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scales (PAIRS), Erection Hardness Score (EHS). Results: Compared with the baseline, tadalafil 5 mg and de-escalation groups enhanced all efficacy outcomes. Patients receiving tadalafil 5 mg and de-escalation experienced a significant mean improvement in the psychogenic erectile function domain of the IIEF-5 from the baseline (p < 0.01). The mean change from baseline was significantly higher for the tadalafil de-escalation group than for the tadalafil 5 mg group (p < 0.05). Response to SEP3, PAIRS and EHS was significantly higher in the tadalafil de-escalation group than in the tadalafil 5 mg group (p < 0.05). The severity of ED in the tadalafil de-escalation group had reduced after treatment. It was also significantly better than those in the tadalafil 5 mg group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Tadalafil de-escalation significantly improved the erectile function among psychogenic ED patients. This implies that tadalafil de-escalation treatment for psychogenic ED is worthy of further clinical practice and research.