bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) and Diabetes UK joint position statement and recommendations on the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors with insulin for treatment of type 1 diabetes (updated October 2020)
Authors: Dashora Umesh , Patel Dipesh C , Gregory Robert , Winocour Peter , Dhatariya Ketan , Rowles Susannah , Macklin Andrew , Rayman Gerry , Nagi Dinesh
Published: December 2020

Dapagliflozin (sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT-2) inhibitor) and sotagliflozin (SGLT-1/2 inhibitor) are two of the drugs of the SGLT inhibitor class which have been recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in people with type 1 diabetes with body mass index ≥27 kg/m2. Dapagliflozin is licensed in the UK for use in the NHS while sotagliflozin may be available in future. These and possibly other SGLT inhibitors may be increasingly used in people with type 1 diabetes as new licences are obtained. These drugs have the potential to improve glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes with the added benefit of weight loss, better control of blood pressure and more time in optimal glucose range. However, SGLT inhibitors are associated with a higher incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis without significant hyperglycaemia. The present ABCD/Diabetes UK joint updated position statement is to guide people with type 1 diabetes and clinicians using these drugs to help mitigate this risk and other potential complications. Particularly, caution needs to be exercised in people who are at risk of diabetic ketoacidosis due to low calorie diets, illnesses, injuries, starvation, excessive exercise, excessive alcohol consumption and reduced insulin administration, among other precipitating factors for diabetic ketoacidosis.
Series: Cardiovascular outcome trials for diabetes drugs Liraglutide and LEADER
Authors: Fisher Miles
Published: December 2020

LEADER (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results) was an FDA-mandated cardiovascular outcome trial with liraglutide and was the first trial with a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist to demonstrate a significant reduction in cardiovascular events. It compared liraglutide and placebo in 9,340 people with type 2 diabetes and either existing cardiovascular disease or age >60 years with at least one cardiovascular risk factor. LEADER demonstrated superiority for major cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke), and cardiovascular deaths were significantly reduced, as was all-cause mortality. Hospitalisation for heart failure, which was a secondary outcome, was not significantly reduced. Compared with the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, the curves for major adverse cardiovascular events in LEADER separated later, and the absence of a clear effect on hospitalisation for heart failure or on estimated glomerular filtration rate suggests that the mechanism of cardiovascular benefit for liraglutide was different from that for empagliflozin
Healthcare professional awareness of eating disorders in people with type 1 diabetes: a staff survey
Authors: Brewster Sarah , Partridge Helen , Cross Caroline , Price Hermione
Published: December 2020

Background: People with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of eating disorders. ‘Diabulimia’, ‘Syndrome of Insulin Omission’ and ‘Type 1 diabetes and Disordered Eating’ (T1DE) are all terms used to describe the omission or restriction of insulin in type 1 diabetes for fear of weight gain. For consistency, Type 1 diabetes and Disordered Eating (T1DE) is used throughout this article. The condition is associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality but is not yet recognised as a unique entity.Aim: To determine healthcare professional awareness and knowledge of eating disorders in type 1 diabetes.Methods: A short, cross-sectional, online healthcare professional survey across primary, secondary and community settings.Results: Healthcare professional confidence is low when it comes to recognising and supporting people with T1DE, but there is an interest in learning more.Conclusion: The findings from this study support strategies to improve healthcare professional awareness of T1DE.
The Burden of Anemia Remains Significant over Time in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases at a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Al Khoury Alex , Singh Kelita , Kurti Zsuzsanna , Gonczi Lorant , Golovics Petra , Kohen Rita , Afif Waqqas , Wild Gary , Bitton Alain , Bessissow Talat , Lakatos Peter Laszlo
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: Anemia is a common complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), as well as a predictor of poor outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia over time and the management of moderate to severe anemia at a tertiary referral IBD center.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the occurrence of anemia at the time of referral or diagnosis and during follow-up at the McGill University Health Centre IBD center. Consecutive patients presenting with an outpatient visit between July and December 2016 and between December 2018 and March 2019 were included. Disease characteristics, biochemistry and medical management, including the need for intravenous iron therapy were recorded.
Results: 1,356 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 1,293 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients [disease duration: 12 (IQR: 6-22) and 10 (IQR: 5-19) years respectively] were included. The prevalence of moderate to severe anemia at referral/diagnosis (15.4% and 8.5%) and during follow-up (11.1% and 8.1%) were higher in CD than in UC patients. In CD, previous resective surgery, perianal disease and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) at assessment, while in UC steroid therapy, an elevated CRP and fecal calprotectin at assessment were associated with anemia in a multivariate analysis. Anemia improved by >2g/dL in 56.5% after 4-6 weeks (intravenous iron dose >1000 mg in 87% of patients).
Conclusion: Anemia occurred frequently in this IBD cohort, at referral to the center and during follow-up, and contributes to the burden of IBD in referral populations. Most patients were assessed for anemia regularly and with accurate anemia workup; however, the targeted management of moderate to severe anemia was suboptimal.
Elevated TUBA1A Might Indicate the Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Gastric Cancer, Being Associated with the Infiltration of Macrophages in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Wang Dazhi , Jiao Zheng , Ji Yinghui , Zhang Shuyu
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: TUBA1A belongs to the tubulin superfamily, and its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. This study assessed the expression and effect of TUBA1A in GC, as well as its association with survival and clinicopathological features. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results revealed that high TUBA1A expression was associated with multiple pathways, including those that contributed to the infiltration of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Since increased infiltration of macrophages can lead to oxaliplatin resistance, we analyzed the association between TUBA1A, the infiltration of macrophages to the tumor microenvironment, and the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of oxaliplatin. In addition, we analyzed the possible epigenetic regulation mechanism.

Methods: A total of 1,881 samples, including 1,618 patients with GC and 263 normal samples, were examined. The associations between clinicopathological features and TUBA1A were assessed by chi-square test, survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the potential mechanisms. The associations between TUBA1A and immune infiltration of M0-, M1-, and M2- polarized macrophages were examined by applying deconvolution’s quantification and Pearson’s correlation analysis. The association of TUBA1A with the IC50 of oxaliplatin was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. The mechanisms of TUBA1A dysregulation were studied by analyzing methylation data. A single-cell TUBA1A mRNA expression map of the stomach was drawn from the analysis of stomach single-cell RNA sequencing data that included more than 13,000 single cells of 17 stomach cell types. Results: TUBA1A expression was elevated in GC (p<0.01) and indicated poorer overall survival (p<0.001), first progression survival (p<0.001), and post-progression survival (p<0.01). High TUBA1A expression was significantly correlated with more aggressive clinicopathological features of GC patients (p<0.001). Elevated TUBA1A contributes to the infiltration of macrophages to the tumor microenvironment (p<0.001) and increased the IC50 of oxaliplatin in vitro (p<0.05), while hypomethylation was shown to contribute to the upregulation of TUBA1A (p<0.05).

Conclusions: TUBA1A might be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in GC. TUBA1A is significantly associated with the infiltration of M2-polarized macrophages in GC, and the IC50 of oxaliplatin. Hypomethylation contributes to the upregulation of TUBA1A in GC.
Nurse Administered Propofol Sedation (NAPS) versus On-call Anesthesiologist Administered Propofol Sedation (OAPS) in Elective Colonoscopy
Authors: Tiankanon Kasenee , Mekaroonkamol Parit , Pittayanon Rapat , Kongkam Pradermchai , Gonlachanvit Sutep , Rerknimitr Rungsun
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: As on-call anesthesiologist administered propofol sedation (OAPS) is costly and not readily available in all endoscopy units, endoscopy nurse administered propofol sedation (NAPS) can be an effective alternative. This study aimed to compare the dosage of propofol used by NAPS versus OAPS, cardiopulmonary adverse events and recovery time in low risk patients undergoing outpatient elective colonoscopy.

Methods: A retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted. Electronic medical records of elective colonoscopies performed by 3 experienced endoscopists from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrieved. OAPSs were performed by 10 certified anesthesiologists while NAPSs were performed by 8 experienced registered endoscopy nurses. Baseline characteristics, performing endoscopist, cecal intubation time, withdrawal time, propofol dosage per procedure, and adverse events were collected and analyzed using 3:1 (NAPS:OAPS) propensity score matching by age, performing endoscopist and difficulty of colonoscopy as co-variates with standardized mean deviation of <0.1.

Results: 278 eligible patients were included. After propensity score matching, there were 189 patients in NAPS and 63 in OAPS group for analysis. Demographic data were not different between the two groups. All procedures were technically successful with no difference in cecal intubation time (6.0±4 min vs 6.8±4 min; p=0.13) or total procedural time (17.2±16 min vs 16.3±6 min; p=0.66). Propofol dosage/kg/hour were significantly lower in the NAPS group, (11.4±4 mg/kg/hour vs. 16.6±8 mg/kg/hour; p<0.001). There were less minor cardiopulmonary adverse events in NAPS when compared to the OAPS group (2.2% vs 4.7%; p=0.014).

Conclusions: NAPS in elective colonoscopy in low-risk patients is as effective as OAPS but requires a significant lower dosage of propofol. Minor cardiopulmonary adverse events were recorded in the NAPS group compared to OAPS.
Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy in the Era of Liver Transplantation: Time for Precise Stepwise Evaluation
Authors: Rimbaș Roxna Cristina , Rimbas Mihai , Chitroceanu Alexandra Maria , Luchian Luiza Maria , Pop Corina , Vinereanu Dragos
Published: December 2020

Liver cirrhosis (LC) is an important cause of mortality. Access to liver transplantation (LT) has significantly improved the prognosis of LC. A rigorous pre-transplant cardiac evaluation is mandatory, since cardiac dysfunction is considered the main cause of mortality after LT. Notwithstanding, the most updated pre-LT evaluation guidelines provide only an algorithm for the evaluation of major cardiovascular diseases, with no specific recommendations concerning cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM), which is linked to various complications in LC, especially the development of heart failure after invasive procedures and surgical interventions, including LT. CCM is characterized by a cardiac dysfunction that includes systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction and/or electrophysiological abnormalities, in the absence of other known cardiac diseases. The role of the novel methods, tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking echocardiography, might be essential in the early detection of cardiac dysfunction, with prognosis implications in LC. All these new methods were only recently included in the CCM diagnosis algorithm. This review summarizes the old and novel techniques used for the diagnosis of CCM, with their diagnosis and prognostic role. It also highlights the strengths and the weaknesses of the new provided CCM diagnostic consensus, and proposes a step-by- step novel diagnostic algorithm, in order to better detect cardiac dysfunction.cirrhotic cardiomyopathy
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management in a Romanian Tertiary Gastroenterology Center: Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vadan Roxana , Iacob Razvan , Costache Roxana , Stroie Tudor , Saizu Ionut Adrian , Iacob Speranta , Gheorghe Liliana , Diculescu Mircea , Gheorghe Cristian
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients management has been challenging during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to lockdowns, limitation of access to medical facilities and new recommendations regarding patient management. The implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on IBD patients’ management were assessed in our Tertiary Gastroenterology Center in Bucharest, Romania.

Methods: Medical records of IBD patients admitted between 15th of March and 15th of August 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and compared to a control cohort of consecutive IBD patients admitted to our unit during the corresponding period of 2019.

Results: There was a highly significant shift towards one-day hospitalization during the referral period in 2020 for IBD cases (91% in 2020 vs 82.2% in 2019, p=0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between the distribution of patient’s gender, IBD phenotype or newly diagnosed IBD cases. A significantly lower proportion of admitted patients received 5-aminosalicylic acid (29% vs 41.2%, p=0.0001), whereas a substantially higher number of patients were prescribed biological therapy in 2020 in comparison to the corresponding 2019-time frame (79.5% vs 57.9%, p<0.0001). The distribution of the biological agent used was significantly different in 2019 in comparison to the 2020 period mainly due to the increase in vedolizumab prescription in 2020 (p<0.0001). During the study period in 2020, seven IBD patients (1.7%) were diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) infection, all of them with mild symptoms without impact on the IBD course.

Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic led to reorganizing medical care, limiting the hospital admissions in favor of severe IBD cases, favoring telemedicine for mild disease and optimization of treatment for moderate to severe IBD with an increased use of biologicals aimed to maximize the risk/benefit ratio. Incidence of SARS-Cov2 infection during the first wave of COVID-19 infection in our study group was 1.7% and did not adversely impact the IBD disease course.
POPULATION OF UKRAINE AND ITS NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE ATLAS INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Rudenko L.H. , Bochkovska A.I. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Polyvach K.A. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Chabaniuk V.S. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Podvoiska V.I. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Santalova S.O. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Leiberiuk O.M. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Vyshnia M.M. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kyryliuk M.O. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the publication is to highlight the main results of the development of the first Ukrainian interactive atlas “Population of Ukraine and its natural and cultural heritage”. It was created in accordance with the Memorandum of Cooperation between the NAS of Ukraine and the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine. According to analysis of previous researches, there have been no attempts to map the complex and long-term processes of interaction between the population and its natural and cultural heritage so far in Ukraine and abroad. The Atlas provides knowledge and information about the historical stages of development of the population of Ukraine and the formation of its cultural and natural heritage in the following sections: 1. Ukraine in the European space - 3 maps; 2. Population - the subject of heritage formation - 57 maps; 3. Natural and cultural heritage - 28 maps; 4. Protection, preservation, restoration and using of natural and cultural heritage - 9 maps. The Atlas was developed using the updated AtlasSF Atlas Solutions Framework, one of the previous versions of which was used to create the Electronic version of the National Atlas of Ukraine. The modern architecture of AtlasSF allows integrating the developed atlas both in the atlas information system, and in the atlas geoinformation system of cultural heritage. All types of information resources were used to create the Atlas: maps, texts, photos, statistics. The interactive atlas contains 97 vector maps, texts, photos and tables.
Bioefficacy of local Lantana camara (Verberneae) plant extracts against the 3rd instar larva and adult stages of Anopheles gambiae senso lato (Giles).
Authors: Yana Wenceslas , Andu Enda Corinna , Tofel Katamssadan Haman , Henri Abe
Published: December 2020

Resistance of malaria vectors to synthetic chemicals with high operational cost and environmental pollution has been a great challenge to scientists. Alternative approaches such as the use of natural plant products which are environmentally friendly are put in place to control malaria vectors. This study was focused on testing the effectiveness of three solvent extracts of Lantana camara on the 3rd instar larvae and adults of Anopheles gambiae s. l. These extracts were obtained by maceration. Bioassays test were carried out by WHO’s method for determination of larvicidal and adulticidal efficacy. The results show that, larval mortality increased significantly with the concentration and exposure time. Lethal concentrations 50 (LC50) and 95 (LC95) after 24 hours of larvae exposure time are respectively 0.31 g/mL and 1.53 g/mL  while within 48 h they are 0.27 g/mL and 0.79 g/mL for hexane extract; 1.45 g/mL and 2.0 g/mL (24 h exposure), 0.84 g/mL and 1.55 g/mL (48 h exposure) for acetone extract; 1.96 g/mL and no lethal concentration causing 95% mortality was determined; 0.40 g/mL and 2.20 g/mL (48 h) for aqueous extract. The efficacy of hexane and aqueous extract on the adult knock down and mortality were not significant even with the increasing extract concentrations and exposure time whereas with acetone extract,  the adult LC50 after 24 h was 2.4 g/mL but with 95% mortality lethal concentration was not determined. According to the results, hexane extract showed high larvicidal efficacy of An. gambiae and acetone extract showed significant adult mortality. Those two extracts of L. camara can be used to fight against An. gambiae as alternative malaria vector control to replace conventional insecticides.
Perceived changes in the university students’ health behavior after participating in the study on wearing high-heeled shoes
Authors: Gajdos Miloslav , Jandova Sona , Lenkova Rut , Vadasova Bibiana , Cuj Jakub , Mikulakova Wioletta , Nechvatal Pavol
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Wearing high-heeled shoes (HH) is a wide-spread practice among Western women, maintaining popularity despite its harmful potential. We examined the main motivation behind wearing HH in female students, as well as the possible change to wearing HH among the research participants. Methods: Thirty university students (N=30 females, age 21.8±2.09 years; weight: 55.7±4.05 kg, height: 1.66±0.03 m, BMI: 20.34±1.41 kg.m-2, shoe size: EU 36–38), who rarely wore HH. The participants wore HH for no longer than 6 hours per month during the period two past years. The SonoSens Monitor Analyzer system (Gefremed, Chemnitz, Germany) was used to observe participants’ posture when walking and movements in individual sections of their spines. In a comparative experiment, the correlation between variables recorded when walking in two types of shoes was identified. The first pair of shoes (HH) had 7 cm heels whereas the second were flat sport shoes (FS). Results: The evaluation of participants’ spines and posture when walking in HH and FS revealed significant differences (p < 0.05). The evaluation of the initial and follow-up surveys indicates that the main motivation for wearing HH among the test group was to increase their attractiveness and respond to social expectations. After participating in the research and becoming aware of its outcomes and issues, the test group’s attitude to wearing HH has changed. Conclusions: In regards to good posture and spinal health, this study has raised some awareness amongst its participants, and has therefore proved to be a significant positive influence.
Interplay among physical balance ability, physical activities realization, anthropometric parameters and psychosocial indices in relation to gender and age of seniors 65+
Authors: Krejci Milada , Hill Martin , Bendikova Elena , Jandova Dobroslava , Kajzar Jiri
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The study is aimed to analyze the interplay among the physical balance level, physical activities realization, anthropometric determinants and psychosocial indices in relation to gender and age of seniors 65+. Methods: The participants comprised 500 seniors in age 65+ (234 males and 266 females) participated voluntarily in the research. For data collection we used methods of the “Medical anamnesis”, “Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool”, “Health Survey SF-36”. For statistics analyses the multivariate regression with reduction of dimensionality and orthogonal projection to latent structure was used. Results: Analyzed disabilities “Depression”, “Type 2 diabetes mellitus”, “Hypertension” and “Vertigo” significantly negatively interplay with the Tinneti summary balance score in both genders. Results of the anthropometric parameters of female seniors, in a contrast to the male seniors parameters, proved that body high and muscle mass correlate significantly positively with the performance of the Tinneti summary balance test (p<0.01) in female seniors. Conclusion: Performing of physical activities positively correlates with the performance in the Tinneti summary balance test in both genders of seniors. There are differences between male and female seniors according the psychosocial factors interplay with performance in the Tinneti summary balance test, when more interplaying psychosocial factors were analyzed in females.
Cognitive functions of female open skill sport athletes, closed skill sport athletes and nonathletes
Authors: Pačesová Petra , Šmela Pavel , Nemček Dagmar
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The cognitive functions usable in the sports performance are for example an ability to anticipate, perception and speed of movement reactions, decision-making ability or attention. These abilities or functions apply differently to different sports. It means that open skill sports such as team sports, require the coordination of complex bodily movements and adaptation to continually changing task demands.The aim of this study is to identify differences in the level of female's cognitive functions regarding the chosenopen skill sportsand closed skill sport disciplines. Material and Methods. The research group consisted of 84 women aged 22.70±1.71 years. Women were divided into three groups in terms of sport discipline into: female engaged in closed skill sport disciplines (n=26), in open skill sport disciplines (n=19) and not engaged in any sport activity (n=39). We used standardized S-test to determine the level of cognitive functions. It is a test of spatial orientation and concentration of attention with accentuated demands on the pace of activity. Results. The results have shown that female engaged in open skill sport disciplines have shown higher level of cognitive functions than female engaged in closed skill sport disciplines (p=0.04) and also as nonathletes (p=0.02). There was no difference in cognitive function between female engaged in closed skill sport disciplines and nonathletes. Conclusions. Our results confirm the theory of different involvement of cognitive functions from the point of view of different types of sport disciplines.
The Assessment of Movement Competence in Czech School Age Children Using BOT-2 Test
Authors: Seflova Iva , Kalfirt Ludek , Charousek Jan
Published: December 2020

Introduction: A sufficient level of movement competence (MC) is a significant health and psychosocial factor. Overall, there is a strong consensus that movement competence is positively associated with all health-related variables. A lower level of movement competence in childhood is reflected in physical activity participation and engagement in physical activity later in life. The Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency, 2nd version (BOT-2), is considered the most comprehensive diagnostic tool. There are no normative criteria of this test in the Czech Republic. The aim of this pilot study was to estimate a cross-cultural validity of the BOT-2 in a sample of Czech school children. Methods: The research sample was comprised of 83 school children (43 girls and 40 boys) of average age 10.15 ± 1.66 years. For the estimation of a MC we used the BOT-2, 2nd version - complete form. Results: The results of our tested group show that the group’s MC is in the lower part of the average level in the area of total motor composite (standard score 46.4±11.8). On average, the weakest performance was recorded in the area of fine manual control. More in-depth analysis showed that the weakest subcomponent of the area of fine manual control was fine motor precision (scale score 10.1±5.5). The group’s most successful area was the component concerning strength and agility. Conclusion: As a pilot study the project indicated that the BOT-2 can be valid for the Czech school children in 4 motor area composites regarding the manual coordination, coordination, strength and agility assessment only. It is not valid for the assessment of fine manual control. In a more detailed analysis of 8 subcategories we observe significantly worse results of Czech children in the area of fine motor precision.
From Individual Heroes to National Performers: The Shift in Taekwondo’s Peace Promotion Activities
Authors: Johnson John A. , Lewis Sanko
Published: December 2020

The writings of early taekwondo pioneers promote peace through the practice of the martial art and, later, the combat sport. These pioneers charged taekwondo practitioners with a duty to contribute to justice, defend the weak, and build a more peaceful world. National and international taekwondo organizations such as the Kukkiwon, World Taekwondo (WT), and the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) have taken up the charge of peace promotion through taekwondo by means of transnational events, such as goodwill tours and joint taekwondo demonstrations by adversarial states (e.g., South and North Korea). These activities are soft diplomacy initiatives and have seen some level of success. While these soft diplomacy activities are in line with the goal of peace promotion that the early pioneers advocated, they are qualitatively different from what the pioneers advocated. Originally, the responsibility of peace promotion was on the individual taekwondo practitioner, who ought to cultivate moral character, courage, and martial art skill in order to uphold justice and defend the weak. With the current use of taekwondo for soft diplomacy, the responsibility of peace promotion has shifted from the individual practitioner to the governing bodies, such as WT and the ITF. Instead of focusing on issues surrounding justice and the protection of the weak, these national and international organizations focus on geopolitical cooperation, which is mediated through cultural exchange activities in the form of taekwondo demonstrations. These events involve activities such as acrobatic performances, dance routines, and board breaking that require little combat skill and may not pose the risk of serious injury to the individual practitioners, mainstays of the individual heroes of old. The charge to safeguard justice and physically defend the weak, which are acts of true courage as was envisioned by the taekwondo pioneers, is mostly ignored.
Psycho-Physiological Aspects in Karate Sports Preparation
Authors: Benedik Ľudovít
Published: December 2020

In the study, we tried to point out, on the basis of comparison conclusions of several research works, how much the psycho-physiological aspects contribute to influencing the conception of sport preparation in terms of the philosophical context of preparation in traditional martial arts. We elucidated the perception of the difference between martial arts and combat sports and emphasized the psychological dimension of training in sports karate in relation to physical training. At the same time, we were looking for relationships that would give us an answer as to which of these aspects are more effective in terms of sports performance. In conclusion, on the basis of a comprehensive content analysis of the findings, we draw attention to the fact that only the mutual correlation of both selected aspects can achieve the desired results in the training of karate practitioners.
Feminist Distopyalarda Tahakküm ve Direnişin Temsili: Damızlık Kızın Öyküsü Dizi Film Örneği
Authors: TÜYSÜZ Dilan
Published: December 2020

Geleceğe yönelik düzen tasarımlarını iki kutup bağlamında düşünmek mümkündür. Buna göre bir tarafta ütopya, diğer tarafta ise distopya yer almaktadır. Ütopyalar ideal gelecek kurgusu yaparken; distopyalar ise karanlık ve kaygı verici bir çerçeve çizer. İkisi de düşsel nitelik taşımakla birlikte, gerçeklikten kopuk değildir. Ütopyanın iyimser öngörüleri de distopyanın karamsar korkuları da her zaman gerçek dünya ile bağlantılı olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan distopik anlatılar, mevcut toplumsal düzendeki kusurlara dikkat çeken ve bu kusurlar ortadan kaldırılmadığı takdirde meydana gelebilecek olumsuzlukları gösteren uyarılar olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte distopyaların erkek egemen bir tür olduğu ve dolayısıyla eril bakış açısı taşıdığı unutulmamalıdır. Yirminci yüzyılın sonlarında ortaya çıkan ve kadın yazarlar tarafından kaleme alınan feminist distopya ise, odak noktasına kadını koyan ve erkek egemen düzeni eleştiren anlatılardır. Bu çalışma, feminist distopya örneklerinin ‘geleceğe dair paranoyak tahminler’ olduğu görüşüne karşı çıkarak, bu tür anlatıları ‘var olan erkek egemen düzenin muhafazakâr gerçekliğinin alegorileri’ şeklinde kabul etmektedir. Bu bağlamda feminist distopya türünün temsilcilerinden kabul edilen Margaret Atwood’un 1985 yılında yazdığı The Handmaid’s Tale romanından aynı adla uyarlanan televizyon dizisi ele alınmıştır. Ataerkil düzene eleştirisini distopya türü üzerinden yapan dizide, egemen düzenin tahakküm araçlarının ve tabi olanların direniş olanaklarının nasıl temsil edildiği nitel içerik analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir.
Survey on Medication Adherence to Anticoagulant Drugs and Investigation of Improvement of Medication Adherence by an Educational Program in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation (SMAAP-AF) study v1
Authors: Shiga Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2020

Background: Anti-coagulant therapy is essential for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), and recently, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) instead of warfarin are being more frequently utilized for the treatment of NVAF to prevent thromboembolism events. During therapy with DOACs, medication adherence may modify the beneficial effects of DOACs. However, whether an educational program on medication use contributes to improvements in medication adherence among patients with NVAF treated with DOACs remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate medication adherence in patients treated with edoxaban or apixaban and to examine whether an educational program provided to patients can help modify medication adherence to DOACs. Methods: This study is divided into 2 stages: Stage 1 will be an observational period of 12 weeks, and Stage 2 will be a 12-week single-blind, randomized, parallel-group intervention. After Stage 1, patients will be randomized using a 2 × 2 factorial design for Stage 2, namely, the implementation or not of an educational program for patients being treated with edoxaban once daily or apixaban twice daily. Medication adherence will be assessed using “Your Manager”, which is a medication monitoring system. Discussion: The SMAAP-AF study will provide meaningful information regarding whether patient education should be used as a strategy to achieve better clinical outcomes.
PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE CROATIAN RED CLOVER GERMPLASM COLLECTION
Authors:   Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia, Horvat Daniela , Tucak Marijana , Viljevac Vuletić Marija , Čupić Tihomir , Krizmanić Goran , Kovačević Babić Mariija
Published: December 2020

The leaf samples of two varieties, twenty breeding populations, and seven local populations of the Croatian red clover were collected in the full flowering stage, with an aim to evaluate their phenolic content and antioxidant activity by using the spectrophotometric methods. A significant variation among the varieties/populations in the content of total phenolics and flavonoids was determined. The results demonstrated that the red clover is a rich source of phenolics and flavonoids, ranging from 38.67 to 59.96 mg GAE/g of DM and 21.19 to 51.48 mg CE/g of DM, respectively. The high levels in both phenolics and flavonoids were found in breeding populations/variety CD-8, Rc-11/7, Rc-11/8, Rc-11/15 and OS Osiris. The leaf extracts manifested a strong antioxidant activity towards diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), with a variation from 31.50 to 63.14%. A significant correlation was found between the antioxidant activity of the extracts and their total phenolic and flavonoid content (r = 0.737 and 0.839, respectively). Considering the obtained results, the crude extracts of red clover manifested a significant antioxidant potential and can be used as a natural source of biologically active components in the human and animal nutrition.
AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT PROGRESS IN CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT ACROSS HORIZONTAL TUBES AND THE TUBE BUNDLE
Authors: BANO Tayyaba
Published: December 2020

The present paper presents a review of condensation heat transfer across smooth and enhanced horizontal surfaces due to its significance in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump applications. The emphasizes is on the recent understanding of experimental as well as the semi-empirical correlations to investigate the heat transfer phenomena during condensation associated with enhanced geometries. An effort has been made to submit free-convection condensation effects outside of single tubes and the tube bundle with the influence of tube geometries, condensate retention and gravity on film condensation; however, comparison of forced convection is also presented. Alternative of conventional refrigerants in condensation process by low-global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants is addressed as well due to increase in atmospheric burden affected by hydro-fluoro-carbons (HFCs). Although many researchers have reviewed the condensation impact across enhanced surfaces, a few of them revised its behavior across pin-fin tubes. The effects of geometry, surface wettability, and operating conditions on the location, amount and form of condensate film are discussed. Various theoretical models prediction with the new experimental data across pin-fin tubes is also revealed. This review is distributed into two main sections: the first section focuses on condensation across enhanced tubes, sub dividing the study into integral-fin and pin-fin tubes based on theoretical and experimental investigations. It covers the geometrical effects concerning three dimensional (3D) surfaces, fin density, fin spacing and fin thickness. The later part of the paper concentrates on condensation behavior across the tube bundle incorporating the effects of fin density and refrigerant mixtures highlighting both theoretical and experimental knowledge. Recent research shows an agreement between theoretical and experimental models in the defined area; though, a considerable amount of work on semi-empirical correlation formulation is visible in the literature. The strength of this paper is the latest findings on condensation against different geometrical parameters of extended surfaces specifically across pin- fin tubes and the tube bundle. Finally, theoretical enhancement factors along with many heat transfer correlations are presented and recommendations are suggested for the future work.
REDUCTION OF ENERGY USE IN INDUSTRIAL FACILITY
Authors: KADRIC Dzana , DELALIC Nijaz , DELALIC-GURDA Berina , KOTUR Milovan , SKULJ Armin
Published: December 2020

Energy saving potentials related to steam generation and its usage in the medium size bakery are analyzed and presented. Input data needed for the investigation are gathered through detailed energy audit. Four energy savings measures are analysed in detail: 1) change of heat generator for space heating and domestic hot water preparation from steam boiler to condensing boiler, 2) reduction of heat losses from steam and condensate distribution lines, 3) heat utilization of return condensate and 4) replacement of the old, low efficiency steam boiler with high-efficient one. Implementation of these measures will result in substantial reduction of energy costs, ranging from 2.900 to 26.200 € annually. Interaction of all measures is analysed through energy efficiency improvement scenario, whose implementation will ensure significant energy cost savings, estimated at 40.793 € annually, with simple payback period shorter than 4 years. Implementation of presented measures will improve facility’s energy efficiency, represented through reduction of annual energy performance indicators by 6,14 %. Presented analysis revealed that steam generation and its usage in the industrial facilities offer a substantial potential for reduction of energy use and energy related cost.
Investigation on hydrodynamic characteristics of a Stirling regenerator matrix using porous media approach: a CFD study
Authors: İPCİ Duygu
Published: December 2020

In this study, hydrodynamic characteristics of a Stirling regenerator matrix are predicted by porous medium based modeling. A regenerator is designed to be used in the beta type Stirling engine. CFD analysis of the designed regenerator is performed by the ANSYS Fluent software with porous media model. The flow properties in porous media are generally approximated by Forchheimer or Ergun flow regime. The equation of the Forchheimer flow model consists of two-term: viscous loss and the inertial loss. The viscous resistance and inertial resistance factors of the porous medium to be used in CFD analysis is determined from published experimental results for a regenerator made by stainless steel with the porosity of 70 %. The CFD simulation are validated by comparing the calculated the velocity distributions at the exit of the regenerator with results of previously published paper. By using both resistance factors, pressure drops, and friction factors of the regenerator matrix are calculated via CFD analysis. The friction results are interpolated to generate a correlation equation that can be able to calculate the pressure drops in the flow direction of the regenerator and to use in future numerical simulations.
Efficacy of Miramistin-Metronidazole Combination in the Treatment of Purulent-Inflammatory Processes of Soft Tissues
Authors: Sukovatych Boris S , Blinkov Yuri Yu , Tiganov Sergey I , Grigoryan Arsen Yu , Bezhin Alexander I , Pankrusheva Tatyana А , Chekmaryova Marina S
Published: December 2020

Importance of the topic. The patients with purulent-inflammatory processes of soft tissues are the most common category of surgical patients, since the effectiveness of their treatment decreases due to the development of microorganism resistance to antibiotics and antiseptics. The aim of research was to study the clinical efficacy of topical application of miramistin-metronidazole combination immobilized on sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory processes of soft tissues.Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues. They were divided into 2 groups, 30 people in each group. All patients were exposed to partial surgical treatment of the purulent focus. In the first group, the treatment consisted of local application of dioxomethyltetrahydropyrimidine ointment with the antibiotic chloramphenicol, and in the second group with miramistin-metronidazole combination immobilized on the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose. The course of the wound process was assessed by the dynamics of the local wound temperature, the percentage of reduction of the wound size and volume and the rate of its healing; the terms of edema and purulent discharge elimination, the onset of the appearance of mature granulations and epithelialization of wounds, the cessation of the microflora growth in wounds, the average number of inpatient days were also registered. Results. Measurements of the local wound temperature demonstrated that the inflammatory process in patients of the first group lasted for 10 days, and in patients of the second group for 5-6 days. Prior to discharge from the hospital, the wound area was 16.1% and the volume of wounds was 14% less in patients of the second group compared with similar findings in patients of the first group. The edema of the tissues surrounding the wound eliminated within 1.5 days, and the exudation from the wound stopped 2 days earlier in patients of the second group. Granulation in the wound appeared 2 days, and marginal epithelialization 1 day earlier in patients of the second group. With bacterial culturing of the wound discharge, the growth ceased 1 day earlier in patients of the second group compared to patients in the first group. Such dynamics of the course of the wound process led to a 3 bed-day decrease in the hospital stay of patients of the second group.Conclusion. Local treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues with miramistin-metronidazole combination allowed optimizing the course of the wound process, reducing duration of inpatient stay.
Pediatric Lymphoma Complicated by Intussusception
Authors: Shidakov Islam Khuseynovich
Published: December 2020

Intestinal intussusception is rare in children over the age of 6 years and, in most cases, is due to the presence of anatomical reasons. Tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are one of the etiological factors in the development of ileus in older children. The paper presents the case of a 7-year-old child who was admitted to the clinic with the abdominal pain syndrome that resolved on its own. With a repeated pain attack, intestinal intussusception was diagnosed, the patient was urgently operated. Laparoscopic complete reduction of intussusception failed, which required conversion of the access. After straightening the intussusception of the small intestine, there was detected a tumor of the ileum, which practically blocked the intestinal lumen. The segment of the intestine with the tumor was resected with an end-to-end anastomosis. In the postoperative period, the patient was diagnosed with intestinal lymphoma based on the test studies of the operating material. After stabilizing the condition, the child was transferred to an oncological center.
Treatment of Foot Deformities in Children under 3
Authors: Krestyashin Ivya V , Razumovskiy Aleksander Yu , Krestyashin Vladimir M , Kuzhelivskiy Ivan I
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The choice of treatment options of foot deformity in children is the most acute in the first years of life. In this regard, the need for hospital stay of a child is debatable today. A number of interventions in the treatment of foot pathology can be performed on an outpatient basis.The aim of this study was to improve clinical outcomes of pes equino-varus treatment using the Ponseti procedure, and the Dobbs vertical talus correction combined with massage, physiotherapy and exercise therapy on the outpatient and inpatient basis in pediatric population. Methods. The study included 106 children who were examined and treated at N.F. Filatov Children's City Clinical Hospital in 2015-2020.Results. The study revealed that, if left untreated, the orthopedic pathology of the feet in children is often accompanied by pain, functional changes and a high risk of disability, the fact evidencing high social significance of the studied nosology. In all examined children a congenital deformity of the foot was completely eliminated after a comprehensive assessment and a combination of conservative and surgical correction techniques. Conclusions. Careful adherence to the Ponseti procedure is required to achieve a complete pes equino-varus correction. Early beginning of correction is the most beneficial due to its effectiveness.
Peter Ivanovich DYAKONOV – the leader of the national surgery(to the 165th of birthday)
Authors: Andreev Alexander Alekseevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: December 2020

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Alexander Alekseyevich BOBROV-surgeon, organizer of the Society of Russian surgeons (to the 170th of birthday)
Authors: Andreev Alexander Alekseevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: December 2020

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Ambroise PARE - the first surgeon of the four French kings (to the 510th of birthday)
Authors: Andreev Alexander Alekseevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: December 2020

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Uncovering the Reflections of English Medium Instruction in Engineering Graduates’ Career
Authors: ALTAY Mehmet , ERÇİN Nalan
Published: December 2020

English Medium Instruction (EMI) is increasingly recognized as an intriguing phenomenon for researchers in not only Higher Education (HE) but also professional context. Although engineering is one of the most appealing field in this regard, little has been done to investigate the influence of EMI over graduates’ career. Two types of EMI, partial and full, applied in Turkey were compared in this current study to determine the market type addressed by the organizations for which engineering graduates work (n=76). A second purpose with this comparison was to make inferences from their reflections over the role of English for learning in their being employed. Findings showed that being a full or partial EMI graduate do not indicate a significant difference in the type of market addressed as well as in being employed. The last aim of the study was to identify the types of proficiency tests in English the graduates of different engineering subjects were required to take, if any. It was seen that there is a significant difference in the testing procedure depending on the subjects.