bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nagykunsági származású diákok a Debreceni Református Kollégiumban 1588-tól 1850-ig
Authors: Éliás János
Published: May 2020

A kutatás a Nagykunság öt településének, Karcag, Kisújszállás, Kunmadaras, Kunhegyes, illetve Túrkeve Debrecenbe beiratkozott diákságát vizsgálja az 1588-tól 1850-ig terjedő időszakban. A földrajzi közelség, illetve a debreceni befolyás különösen indokolttá teszi a téma kutatását, mivel a Kollégium meghatározta a vizsgált városok oktatását, illetve a fentebb említett települések vezetőit is sok esetben a debreceni anyaiskola nevelte ki. A téma és a nagykunsági diákok lajstroma eddig feldolgozatlan, így érdemesek és szükségesek a további kutatások. A jelen cikk célja egy átfogó kép alkotása a vizsgált időszakról a Nagykunság részvételéről a partikuláris iskolarendszerben, illetve a Debrecenbe beiratkozott vizsgált diákok gyakoriságának, későbbi életének, tevékenységének szemléltetése. A kutatás legnagyobb részét levéltári és szakirodalmi kutatás teszi ki, mely alatt főként a Series Studiorum in schola Debrecina Helveticae Confessionis Addictorum-ban 1588-tól 1850-ig szereplő, a debreceni Kollégiumba beiratkozott nagykunsági származású diákok bejegyzései értendőek Bakóczi János adattárával kiegészítve. Kutatásaimat az öt város református egyházközségeinek anyakönyveivel egészítettem ki, illetve pontosítottam. 369 diákot vizsgálva azoknak adatait egy 17 szempont szerint rendezett táblázat segítségével elemeztem és ábrázoltam diagramon. A kutatás jelenlegi állása szerint a Nagykunság nagy arányban kivette a részét a partikuláris iskolarendszer feladataiból és nagy hatással volt rá a Debreceni Kollégium. Az itt tanuló diákokat sokszínűség jellemzi, mely főként az általuk vállalt hivatalokban, illetve későbbi foglalkozásukban mutatkozik meg a legjobban.
Konsep Perceraian di Depan Sidang Pengadilan Perspektif Maqasid Al-Syari’ah Ibnu Asyur
Authors: Munir Abdullah
Published: May 2020

The occurrence of divorce, which is increasing from year to year, cannot be separated from the public understanding about divorce, where it can be done anytime and anywhere by the husband. This is a problem that must be resolved, even if it is not suitable to Imam Shafi'i’s opinion, namely the divorce must be applied before a court hearing. This problem must be solved through maqasid sharia. Ibnu Asyur provides solutions; the Qur'an is the greatest and most definite source and contains more than one meaning, the determination and occupation of the problem must be carried out textual and contextual study deeply. The research purpose is to reveal maqasid sharia in the determination of divorce must be applied before the court hearing, especially Ibnu Asyur's perspective. The method is descriptive qualitative by technique of data reduction, data display and taking conclusion. The results prove the divorce rate from 2015-2018 shows an increase. So according to Ibnu Asyur, Sharia texts are not only studied textually, but are contextual by considering the consequences of divorce and procedures that must be obeyed, and based on human nature in marriage, egalitarian between husband and wife, and freedom of attitude and opinion.
PEMAKNAAN KEWENANGAN MENGADILI DALAM PRAKTIK PERADILAN PERDATA TENTANG PERMOHONAN PENETAPAN ORANG HILANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM
Authors: Rizal Moch. Choirul
Published: May 2020

Article 44 paragraph (4) of Law No. 24 of 2013 it is not clear which judicial body has the authority to determine the unclear whereabouts of a person because of missing or dead but his body was not found. For this reason, this research focuses on 2 (two) problems. First, the practice of civil justice regarding applications for the determination of missing persons. Second, the meaning of the authority to adjudicate in the practice of civil justice regarding applications for the determination of missing persons. This research is included in the theoretical research using a statute approach, case approach, and conceptual approach. The results of this study answer 2 (two) problems. First, in examining and adjudicating cases of petition for the determination of missing persons, the general court uses rules regarding the state of absence (afwezig) according to Article 467 and Article 468 of the Civil Code, while religious courts use a legal basis relating to inheritance law. Second, to examine and adjudicate cases for the application of missing persons, the authority of the general court is based on Article 467 and Article 468 of the Civil Code, while the authority of the religious court body still requires interpretation of the judge's law on the subject matter, namely whether it has a connection with inheritance law or not. The case for appealing the missing person, as long as it is related to inheritance law, can reopen the option for Muslims to choose which judicial body to obtain legal certainty regarding the person's absence.
حقوق الملكية الفكرية وتحدياتها في الفقه الإسلامي
Authors: Khalil Abdul Wahab
Published: May 2020

Contemporary life throws a number of new problems that need to be highlighted and clarified its legality, including Intellectual Property Rights. They were rights that appear in European societies, and then dealt with in the Islamic countries, so ulama’ and researches try to find out their legality. This research attempts to uncover the reality of intellectual property rights and their challenges in Islamic jurisprudence. The research reaches several results, the most important of which is that Islamic jurisprudence considers this kind of rights as a right and treasure that may be given and owned, attacking it is considered a punishable crime, and the intellectual property may be copied for personal use.
SERTIFIKAT PERKAWINAN : ANALISIS MAQĀṢID AL-SYARῙAH DAN MAS}LAH}AH MURSALAH TERHADAP PERATURAN DIRJEN BIMAS ISLAM No 379 TAHUN 2018
Authors: Hasbullah Abdur Ro'uf
Published: May 2020

This Research entitled "Marriage Certificate: Analysis of Maqās}id Al-Syarῑah and Mas}lah}ah Mursalah Against Regulation of the Director General of Islamic Community Guidance No 379 of 2018". This Research use Library Research and The Technique of Data collection use study documents relate with this topic. Furthermore, the data is analyzed using Maqās}id Al-Syarῑah and Mas}lah}ah Mursalah. The results of the research explained that the certificate as a marriage registration requirement as regulated in the Regulation of the Director General of Islamic Community Guidance No 379 of 2018 regarding Technical Guidance for Marriage Guidance for the Prospective Bride is important to be carried out and followed by the bride and groom. this sertificate as authentic evidence that the bride and groom turned out to have followed the Marriage Guidance. If it is not required to follow marital guidance, the impact will be the poorer quality of the family. Therefore, the marriage guidance program must be implemented as well as possible so that it can provide benefits to the bride and groom. Hopefully, after joining the marriage guidance program, married couples can anticipate and minimalize quarrel, violence and divorce in the family to create a family which is sakῑnah, mawaddah , wa raḥmah.
PERAN NADZIR DALAM PENGELOLAAN TANAH WAKAF DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 41 TAHUN 2004 (STUDI KASUS DI DESA NGADI KEC. MOJO KAB. KEDIRI)
Authors: Fachrodin Fachrodin
Published: May 2020

Target in this research is: to analyze the duty nadzir in management of land ground communal ownership; To analyze the role nadzir in management of land; ground communal ownership Countryside Ngadi evaluated from in perspective Number Law 41 Year 2004; For the description of factors influencing role nadzir in management of land; ground communal. Research conducted Countryside of Ngadi of Subdistrict of Mojo of Regency Kediri. this Research Type field research. Population to be checked as above mentioned hence the sample is nadzir exist in Countryside of Ngadi Kec. Mojo Kab. Kediri. As for data source in this research, is a source of data of primary and source of data secondary. The technique of data collecting uses the interview, observation, and documentation. The result of this research is Duty nadzir in management of land; ground communal ownership Countryside of Ngadi Kec. Mojo Kab. Kediri has the duty such as those which loaded section 11 Law No 41 the Year 2004; Management communal ownership by nadzir Countryside of Ngadi Kec. maximal Uncommitted Mojo it's meaning nadzir which ought to undertake to manage and manage 12 lands; ground communal ownership in the real sharing do not at all, and land; ground communal ownership managed by one management (non nadzir).
Биофармацевтическая оценка качества лекарственных форм новых нейротропных дипептидных лекарственных средств
Authors: Бойко С. , Жердев В. , Шевченко Р. , Грибакина О.
Published: May 2020

Приведены результаты изучения экспериментальной фармакокинетики 3 нейротропных дипептидных лекарственных препаратов, создаваемых в ФГБНУ «НИИ фармакологии им. В. В. Закусова», после перорального введения их субстанций и лекарственных форм. Показано, что их эфирные производные быстро и интенсивно метаболизируются после перорального введения, вследствие этого их биодоступность составляет менее 1 %. С учетом полученных данных разработаны новые технологические подходы при создании лекарственных форм изучаемых дипептидных препаратов на основе микронизированной субстанции с улучшенными фармакокинетическими свойствами — большей энзиматической устойчивостью и биодоступностью.
Etnografik Belgeselde Jean Rouch’un Sinema Pratiği: Etno-Kurmaca
Authors: KUZU Bilgen
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada Fransız Yönetmen Jean Rouch’un antropolog kimliğinin etkisiyle deneyimlediği ve kuramsallaştırdığı sinema pratiği Etno-kurmaca türü analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacında, yönetmenin “gerçeklere nüfus etmenin tek yolu” olarak tanımladığı etno-kurmacanın, biçimsel ve içeriksel olarak etnografik belgesel film yapımına etkisi irdelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda Jean Rouch’un yönetmenliğini yaptığı “Jaguar” filmi üzerinden kültürel ve sinemasal kavramlar açıklanmakta ve etnografik film yapım sürecine kazandırdığı yenilikler belirtilmektedir. Kurgusal ve kurgusal olmayanlar arasındaki sınırın; kamera, kameraman, etnografik özne ve kavramlarla nasıl yapılandığı açıklanmaktadır. Kültürel kavramlar, Rouch’un sinemasında önemli yer tutmaktadır. Rouch’un sinemasında “öteki” ile olan etnografik ilişki yönetmen kadar karakterlerin de sesinin duyulmasını sağlar. Film sürecinde “öteki” konumudaki özneler, filmin içindeki işbirliği ile dönüşerek paylaşımcı bir doğaçlama biçimi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Etno-kurmaca belgesel filmin “gerçek” unsurunun oluşturduğu katı sınırları yumuşatarak, gerçeğin temsiline farklı bir bakış açısı kazandırmaktadır. Gerçeğe dair yorumu da film kahramanlarına ve izleyiciye bırakmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonucunda Jean Rouch’un etno-kurmaca türü içinde uyguladığı deneyimlerle, öykünün ve filmin kendi gerçekliğini yaratarak izleyiciye ulaştığı görülmektedir.
Güzel Sanatların Birer Dalı Olarak Cinayet Ve İmgelerarasılık: The House That Jack Built Örneği
Authors: AYDIN Şükrü , İLBUĞA Emine Uçar
Published: May 2020

Lars von Trier; tartışma yaratan filmleriyle egemen Hollywood sinemasına başkaldıran, ve kendine has yarattığı provokatif sinema dili ile kendinden söz ettiren bir yönetmendir. Trier’in filmlerinde anti-semitizm, ırk ilişkileri, toplumsal cinsiyet politikaları ve yanlış düşünmeyle ilgili klişelerde yer alan ‘hakikat’in ortaya çıkarılması adına sinematik provokasyonlar aracılığıyla ideolojik klişelere itiraz eden, düşünen ve düşündüren; dolayısıyla var olan kabulleri tersyüz eden bir dil öne çıkar. Bu nedenle Lars von Trier çektiği filmler ve ele aldığı radikal konularla bir yandan ismini sinema tarihine yazdırırken, diğer yandan önemli tartışmaların da odak noktasını oluşturur. İlk filmi The Element of Crime (1984) ile başlayan ve Europa (1991), Breaking The Waves (1996), Idioterne (1998), The Dancer in the Dark (2000) ile devam eden sinema kariyerinde özellikle teatral bir sahneleme tarzıyla öne çıkan Dogville (2003) ve Manderlay (2005)’in ardından, Antichrist (2009), Melancholia (2011) Nymphomaniac I-II (2013) gibi filmleri çekmiş ve bu filmler üzerine estetik, etik, siyasi bağlamlarda tartışmalar yürütülmüş ve yürütülmeye de devam etmektedir. Nitekim, yönetmenin provokatif eğilimlerinin artık sinemasıyla özdeş hale geldiğini öne süren Charles Martig, Trier’in sinemasını ‘rahatsızlık/tahrik sineması’ (cinema of irritation) olarak adlandırmaktadır.

Trier’in son filmi The House That Jack Built (2018)’de ise zeki ve obsesif bir seri katilin temizlik ve kusursuzluk takıntılarıyla işlediği cinayetler filmin ana temasını oluşturur. Filminin ana karakteri Jack; kurbanlarını bir resim ya da müzik şaheseri kusursuzluğu ile öldürmektedir. Filmde Jack karakterine eşlik eden Verge karakteri ile Dante’nin İlahi Komedya’sına, Verge karakterini canlandıran melek Damiel (Bruna Ganz) ile Wim Wenders’in Der Himmel Über Berlin’ine, Antichrist, Melancholia ve Nymphomaniac gibi kendi filmlerinden bazı sahnelere yaptığı atıflar önem taşır. Bu çalışma kapsamında The House That Jack Built filmi temel çıkış noktası olmak üzere Lars von Trier sinemasında imgelerarasılığın tezahürleri üzerine bir tartışma yürütülecektir.
Politik Kuramlarda Tabiat Durumunun Anlamı Üzerinden Mad Max Fury Road Filminin Eleştirisi
Authors: GÜRBÜZ Ali
Published: May 2020

Tabiat durumu, toplum kavramının gelişmesinden önceki dönemi ifade eden bir kavramsallaştırmadır. Filozoflar tabiat durumunu toplum haline geçişi ve siyasal yapıların kuruluşunu gerekçelendirmek için ele alırlar. Siyaset felsefesi yapan filozoflardan Platon’un, Rousseau’nun, Hobbes’un ve Nietzsche’nin tabiat durumuyla ilgili tasvirlerini distopik kurmacalarda da görmek mümkündür. Adı geçen filozoflar doğa durumunu bir çeşit savaş olarak yorumlarlar. Çünkü doğa durumunda iç tepi ve isteklerin egemenliği altındaki insanların birbirleriyle ilişkilerini düzenleyen normlar ortadan kalkmış, doğal kaynaklardan faydalanmak muharebe düzenini zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Toplum yaşamına geçiş bu muharebe düzenini ortadan kaldıran ahlaki ve siyasal normların gelişmesinden doğar.
Distopik eserlerdeki hem doğa hem de toplumsal yaşamla ilgili öngörüleri doğa durumuna geri dönüş olarak yorumlamak mümkündür. Mad Max Fury Road (George Miller, 2015) filminde de insanların bir arada yaşamasını mümkün hale getiren tüm normların ortadan kalktığı ve yaşamsal kaynakların güç sahiplerinin kontrolünde olduğu bir yaşam biçimi anlatılır. Bu yaşam biçimine ait tasvirler doğa durumu tasvirleriyle benzerlik gösterir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Mad Max Fury Road filmi örneği üzerinden doğa durumu ve distopik tasavvurlar arasındaki ilişkiyi politik kuramlardaki doğa durumu yaklaşımlarıyla çözümlemektir. Çözümlemede ilgili filozofların doğa durumu tasavvurlarına değinilecek ve filmdeki sinemasal imgeler bu tasavvurlarla yorumlanacaktır.
Internalisasi Nilai Karakter dalam Pembelajaran Sains Berbasis Model Pembelajaran Karakter ESD Untuk Mempersiapkan Generasi Emas 2045
Authors: Perkasa Magfirah
Published: May 2020

Indonesia pada tahun 2045 akan merayakan 100 tahun kemerdekaan sehingga momentum ini akan menjadi tolak ukur ketercapaian dan keberhasilan pembangunan Indonesia dalam berbagai bidang, salah satunya bidang pendidikan dan pemberdayaan SDM. Bonus demografi dimana usia produktif masyarakat Indonesia yang paling besar akan menjadi bahan baku utama yang harus diberdayakan dengan baik. Pendidikan sebagai salah satu pilar pembangunan SDM perlu melakukan inovasi agar bonus demografi ini dapat diarahkan ke arah yang positif dan dapat mewujudkan cita-cita Indonesia untuk membentuk generasi 2045. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan sikap siswa dan menyisipkan nilai karakter dalam pembelajaran sains berbasis model pembelajaran karakter ESD untuk mempersiapkan generasi emas Indonesia 2045. Nilai karakter yang diukur yaitu karakter abad 21 yang meliputi: kritis, kreatif, kerjasama dan kemampuan komunikasi. Penelitian ini merupakan desk study dengan desain penelitian tindakan kelas dengan satu siklus. Instrumen pengumpulan data meliputi lembar penilaian diri dan lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan sikap dan karakter siswa dalam pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran karakter ESD
Training and Supervising Lay-providers in Low-income Settings: A Mixed-methods Study of Task-sharing from the Shamiri Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Venturo-Conerly Katherine E. , Roe Elizabeth , Wasil Akash , Osborn Tom L
Published: May 2020

Objective: Training lay-providers to deliver mental health interventions is both effective and cost-effective. However, more research is needed to document training and supervision procedures and to collect lay-providers’ feedback. We analyzed the acceptability of a 10-hour lay-provider training and supervision delivered primarily by undergraduates. We also tested lay-provider fidelity and quality. Methods: This study documents training and supervision from an RCT of the Shamiri intervention, a 4-session, school-based intervention which significantly reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression in Kenyan adolescents. We delivered a 10-hour training to 13 lay providers (M(SD)age=21.00(1.95), %female=61.54). We also hosted 30-minute supervision meetings twice weekly. Independent raters coded session recordings for fidelity and quality. We also collected quantitative and qualitative feedback from lay-providers. Results: Reliability and mean ratings for all six of our fidelity and quality measures (delivering required content, adhering to specified details, thoroughness, skillfulness, clarity, and purity) were very good to excellent. Lay-provider quantitative ratings of training were also overwhelmingly positive, with an overall satisfaction rating of 6.46/7.00. We identified central qualitative themes in lay provider comments: Generally, comments about training style, content, and personal interactions were overwhelmingly positive, and many lay-providers reported personal growth. Comments about timing and location were mixed. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that a very brief training delivered primarily by undergraduates can teach high-school-graduate lay-providers to deliver effective mental health interventions. Additionally, we discuss lessons-learned and implications for future research, including the importance of considering local context when planning and of continuously collecting and addressing lay-provider feedback.
Beyond COVID-19: Doing the most good as a scientist
Authors: Cristia Alejandrina , Nawal Abboub
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 is a game-changer presenting unique challenges and opportunities to each and everyone of us. In this paper, we argue that it is an ideal opportunity to help scientists as individuals and as a community think about how the current situation can help us solve the world’s most important problems. We first put in perspective COVID-19, comparing it to other problems facing humanity. We then propose a framework for prioritizing problems that should be worked on, and define some avenues that we think should be considered in this prioritization. In closing, we consider the challenges and opportunities for scientists as individuals and as a community.
Perangkat lunak
Authors: Adipati Fauziah
Published: May 2020

Perangkat Lunak adalah kumpulan beberapa perintah yang dieksekusi oleh mesin komputer dalam menjalankan pekerjaannya. perangkat lunak ini merupakan catatan bagi mesin komputer untuk menyimpan perintah, maupun dokumen serta arsip lainnya. Perangkat Lunak merupakan data elektronik yang disimpan sedemikian rupa oleh komputer itu sendiri, data yang disimpan ini dapat berupa program atau instruksi yang akan dijalankan oleh perintah, maupun catatan-catatan yang diperlukan oleh komputer untuk menjalankan perintah yang dijalankannya. Untuk mencapai keinginannya tersebut dirancanglah suatu susunan logika, logika yang disusun ini diolah melalui perangkat lunak, yang disebut juga dengan program beserta data-data yang diolahnya. Pengeloahan pada software ini melibatkan beberapa hal, diantaranya adalah sistem operasi, program, dan data. Software ini mengatur sedemikian rupa sehingga logika yang ada dapat dimengerti oleh mesin komputer.
Proses dan Teknik Supervisi
Authors: Gusmar Ratih Aulia
Published: May 2020

in educational institutions, officials really need supervision or supervisors who are responsible for producing effective and good education. What is meant by Supervising Educators is a tool to help teachers do more effective work. Many techniques that can be done by supervisors in helping teachers to improve teaching to students. Carried out by groups or individuals by doing face to face or not directly or in the absence of face. For school improvement efforts, the principal's duty as a supervisor can use a variety of techniques or methods of educational feasibility. Supervision is a process including a series of regular and systematic and related to one another and directed to one goal. In general, activities in the supervision process can be divided into three, namely types: planning, implementation and evaluation. Supervision in carrying out supervision taken is guided by the principles of Supervision supervision can be done in many ways, the goal is so that what is expected can be achieved. This article is made for every school activity that needs supervision and can be said to be very important to know so that school supervision runs smoothly because every education program requires supervisors and supervisors to be responsible for the emergence of an education in accordance with what has been planned.
Orphan drug policy
Authors: goel Roshani
Published: May 2020

Millions of people in developing countries do not have access to health care services and medications which are available in developed countries. Most of the rare diseases are genetic in nature. They disproportionately impact children: 50% of new cases are in children and are responsible for 35% of deaths before the age of 1 year, 10% between the ages of 1 and 5 years and 12% between 5 and 15 years (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2017, p.9). One of the main problems is that doctors are not able to study the disease as it is genetic in nature. Despite having the medication, they do not know how to track and treat the disease. However, patients suffering from rare diseases have same rights of care like any other patient. The major concern related to it is of accessibility and awareness. This shows an obvious link between the disease and poverty which raises a serious question on the cost of a treatment which is unaffordable by the patient. Development of Orphan drug policies are least of pharmaceutical companies. They work on the calculation of number of vaccines manufactured on cost of per vaccination. Market is a precious venture for pharmaceutical companies. They are hesitant on the sale of the product. Research done for the development of are diseases and money invested in it will not be recovered by market sales. Thus, government has asked ministries to draft a policy balancing both the issue simultaneously.
Cannabidiol in dentistry: a scoping review
Authors: David Carla , ---  , Elizalde Alejandro
Published: May 2020

The CBD has many reports of pharmacological effects in various models of pathologies, ranging from inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis, schizophrenia among others (1). In other medical areas has been developing CBD as great therapeutic possibilities, with much research in pre-clinical phases (laboratory tests), reviews about complex diseases of the oral cavity (2) and expression of endocannabinoids receptors in the dental and periodontal tissues (3,4). However, the use of CBD in the dental field has been poorly studied and limited, and its effects in the treatment of oral diseases are not well known and reported. Similarly, knowing its properties, mechanisms of action and favorable results in the treatment of other oral diseases, it is believed that it may have a positive therapeutic effect in some pathologies of CBD therapeutic dentistry based on scientific publications that discuss its mechanism of treatment action, suggesting possibilities for future investigations on the use of this compound in dentistry in previous years. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review will be to map the available evidence to provide an overview and technology of the use of cannabidiol, its effects, and related products in dentistry.References.1.PISANTI, Simona, et al. Cannabidiol: State of the art and new challenges for therapeutic applications. Pharmacology & therapeutics, vol. 175, p. 133-150, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.041. 2.CUBA, L. F., et al. Cannabidiol: an alternative therapeutic agent for oral mucositis?. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2017, vol. 42, no 3, p. 245-250.3. Abidi, Ammaar H., et al. "Anti-inflammatory activity of cannabinoid receptor 2 ligands in primary hPDL fibroblasts." Archives of oral biology 87 (2018): 79-85.4.KONERMANN, Anna, et al. In vivo and in vitro identification of endocannabinoid signaling in periodontal tissues and their potential role in local pathophysiology. Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2017, vol. 37, no 8, p. 1511-1520.
Covid-19 and “Immune Boosting” on the Internet: A Content Analysis of Google Search Results
Authors: Rachul Christen , Marcon Alessandro R , Collins Benjamin , Caulfield Timothy
Published: May 2020

Background: The spread of misinformation has accompanied the coronavirus pandemic, including topics such as immune boosting to prevent COVID-19. This study explores how immune boosting is portrayed on the Internet during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We conducted a content analysis of 227 webpages compiled from Google searches in Canada and the US using the phrase “immune boosting” AND “coronavirus”. We coded webpages for typology, portrayal of immune boosting and supplements. We also recorded mentions of microbiome, whether the webpage was selling or advertising an immune boosting product or service, and any suggested strategies for boosting immunity. Results: No significant differences were found between webpages that appeared in the searches in Canada and the US. The most common types of webpages were from news sites (40.5%) and commercial sites (24.7%). The concept of immune boosting was portrayed as beneficial for avoiding COVID-19 in 85.5% of webpages and 40% of the webpages portrayed supplements as beneficial, but commercial sites were more likely to have these portrayals. The top immune boosting strategies were vitamin C (34.8%), diet (34.8%), sleep (34.4%), exercise (30.8%), and zinc (26.9%). Less than 10% of the webpages provide any critique of the concept of immune boosting.Interpretation: Pairing evidence-based advice for maintaining one’s health (e.g., healthy diet, exercise, sleep) with the phrase immune boosting and strategies lacking in evidence may inadvertently help to legitimize the concept, making it a powerful marketing tool. Results demonstrate how the spread of misinformation is complex and often more subtle than blatant fraudulent claims.
Perangkat lunak Hilda Andriani
Authors: Andriani Hilda
Published: May 2020

Software merupakan sekumpulan program yang berguna untuk menabung dan menunjang pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan kita. Secara garis besar, perangkat lunak terdiri, operasi sistem, utilitas program, aplikasi program, paket program, dan bahasa pemrograman.Banyak manfaat yang bisa kita peroleh, seperti program aplikasi yang bisa membantu kita dalam pengerjaan tugas-tugas kuliah contohnya adalah mapinfo, global mapper, microsoft office dan masih banyak lagi yang lain. Ataupun bisa memberikan kita hiburan dikala kita membutuhkan tempat hiburan seperti winamp, audio Jet, permainan, dan masih banyak lagi yang lainnya.Software is a collection of programs that are useful for saving and supporting work that suits our needs. Broadly speaking, software consists, operating systems, utility programs, application programs, program packages, and programming languages.Many benefits that we can get, such as application programs that can help us in the work of college assignments for example are mapinfo, global mapper, microsoft office and many others. Or can provide us with entertainment when we need places of entertainment such as Winamp, Jet audio, games, and many others.
Implementasi Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, Iklim sekolah dan kunci sukses kepala sekolah
Authors: PUTRI ARPINI
Published: May 2020

Untuk mencapai kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang efektif juga di perlukannya kerja sama dengan warga sekolah. Serta kepala sekolah juga harus menunjukkan perilaku teladan yang dapat menjadi panutan bagi guru, pesrta didik, dan warga sekolah.Dalam mencapai kesuksesan kepala sekolah juga perlu diperhatikan keberhasilannya dalam kepemimpinan dan iklim sekolah. Hal ini berkaitan dengan dengan tingkat kepedulian seorang pemimpin terlibat terhadap kegiatan atau program yang dilakukannya. Peran kepemimpinan sebagai Kunci keberhasilan kepala sekolah sangat dipengaruhi oleh perannya yaitu kepala sekolah sebagai pejabat formal, manajer, pemimpin, pendidik dan staf
NARKOBA DAN PENCEGAHANNYA
Authors: Putri Addini Amira
Published: May 2020

Narkoba atau NAPZA merupakan bahan/zat yang bila masuk ke dalam tubuh akan mempengaruhi tubuh terutama susunan syaraf pusat/otak sehingga bilamana disalahgunakan akan menyebabkan gangguan fisik, psikis/jiwa dan fungsi sosial. Penggunaan narkoba akan menimbulkan efek ketergantungan. Pemakaian yang melampaui batas dapat menyebabkan kematian. Dengan adanya kerja sama antara pemerintah dan masyarakat, dapat mencegah seseorang menggunakan narkoba dan dapat membantu seseorang keluar dari kebiasaannya menggunakan narkoba.Selain Narkoba, istilah lain yang diperkenalkan khususnya oleh Departemen Kesehatan RI adalah NAPZA yaitu singkatan dari Narkotika, Pasikotropika dan Zat adiktif lainnya. Semua istilah ini sebenarnya mengacu pada sekelompok zat yang umumnya mempunyai risiko yang oleh masyarakat disebut berbahaya yaitu kecanduan (adiksi). Pemerintah memberlakukan Undang-Undang untuk penyalahgunaan narkoba yaitu UU No.5 tahun 1997 tentang Psikotropika dan UU No.22 tahun 1997 tentang Narkotika. Golongan Psikotropika adalah zat atau obat baik alami maupun sintetis namun bukan Narkotika yang berkhasiat aktif terhadap kejiwaan (psikoaktif) melalui pengaruhnya pada susunan syaraf pusat sehingga menimbulkan perubahaan tertentu pada aktivitas mental dan perilaku.
AN APPROACH SIMILARITY TO CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR IN E-METRICS ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Elveny Marischa
Published: May 2020

Merchant is a business entity in cooperation with banks in the provision of payment. To the northSumatran region has 33 districts of the city and a population of 13,937,797 inhabitants. Each citydistrict has a variety of merchants that built on each corner or side of the road with a data sample of1,383 users. To search for users based on their behaviours be competitive merchant who takes thesimilarity of some objects. The similarity involves characterizing each object or expounds tour- tour ofthe object. How to measure the similarity to characterize each object resulting in the naming andweighting. The way it is made by comparing to what is common and what is different from the object.Results will be achieved in the form of a method of similarity to look for in a merchant's customerbehavior that competitive advantage
Chaining and the growth of linguistic categories
Authors: Habibi Amir Ahmad , Kemp Charles , Xu Yang
Published: May 2020

We explore how linguistic categories extend over time as novel items are assigned to existing categories. As a case study we consider how Chinese numeral classifiers were extended to emerging nouns over the past half century. Numeral classifiers are common in East and Southeast Asian languages, and are prominent in the cognitive linguistics literature as examples of radial categories. Each member of a radial category is linked to a central prototype, and this view of categorization therefore contrasts with exemplar-based accounts that deny the existence of category prototypes. We explore these competing views by evaluating computational models of category growth that draw on existing psychological models of categorization. We find that an exemplar-based approach closely related to the Generalized Context Model provides the best account of our data. Our work suggests that numeral classifiers and other categories previously described as radial categories may be better understood as exemplar-based categories, and thereby strengthens the connection between cognitive linguistics and psychological models of categorization.
RESILIENSI PERAWAT YANG BEKERJA DI UNIT GAWAT DARURAT (UGD) RUMAH SAKIT AL ISLAM (RSAI) BANDUNG
Authors: Pragholapati Andria
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Individuals themselves actually have the ability to be able to adjust to a high and flexible when faced with internal and external pressure, known as resilience. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of the resilience of nurses working in the Emergency Unit (UGD) of Al Islam Hospital (RSAI) in Bandung.Method: The study was conducted descriptively. Sampling in total sampling so that the samples taken were all nurses in the Emergency Unit of Al Islam Hospital as many as 19 people. To examine resilience, a measurement tool called RAS (Resiliency Attitudes Scale) is used.Results: The ability of nurses in dealing with difficulties or problems that occur while working or resilience of 19 nurses in the RSAI Bandung emergency room, showed that 11 nurses were at high resilience and as many as 8 nurses were at low resilience.Suggestion: Create a comfortable work situation or conditions to create a conducive work environment.
Beyond plain and extra-grammatical morphology: echo-pairs in Hungarian
Authors: Soskuthy Marton , Racz Peter
Published: May 2020

This paper presents an investigation of echo-pairs in Hungarian. Echo- pairs are formed by duplicating a base with an altered initial consonant and have diminutive, playful or intimate connotations (e.g. cica `cat' > cica-mica `cat.DIM'). Echo-pairs are commonly seen as an example of extra-grammatical morphology in the literature. Our goal in looking at this phenomenon is to gain a better understanding of the morphological mechanisms underlying extra-grammatical phenomena and shed new light on the distinction between plain and extra-grammatical morphology. We analyse data from (i) a collection of echo-pairs extracted from a large corpus of online texts and (ii) a large-scale online nonce-word experiment with close to 1,500 participants. Our results reveal two key phonological patterns in the data and some additional systematic variation across words and experimental stimuli. We compare two different models of morphology, the Minimal Generalisation Learner and the Generalised Context Model in terms of their ability to capture this variation. We find that echo-pair formation is best captured by lexicon-oriented models like the Generalised Context Model, but only when they rely on a structured similarity metric that encodes broader generalisations about the data. Our results do not support a clear-cut distinction between extra-grammatical and plain morphological processes, and we suggest that some of the peculiar characteristics of extra-grammatical phenomena such as echo-pair formation may simply follow from their special function and the limited set of contexts they appear in.
STRES KERJA PERAWAT YANG BEKERJA DI UNIT GAWAT DARURAT (UGD) RUMAH SAKIT AL ISLAM (RSAI) BANDUNG
Authors: Pragholapati Andria
Published: May 2020

The work stressors in the Emergency Unit are higher compared to nurses' work stressors in other units. This high work stressor can cause work stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of the work stress of nurses working in the Emergency Unit (UGD) of Al Islam Hospital (RSAI) in Bandung.The study was conducted descriptively. Sampling in total sampling so that the samples taken were all nurses in the Emergency Unit of Al Islam Hospital as many as 19 people. To examine work stress, John M. Ivancevich and Michael Matteson (2006) used measurement tools.The results of nurses who worked at the Emergency Hospital RSAI Bandung as many as 19 nurses showed 9 nurses perceive demands from this work environment as negative or burdensome or are in high work stress. While as many as 10 nurses perceive demands from the work environment as mild or are at low work stress. From the research that has been done, it is hoped that it can be used as an evaluation for the Emergency Unit of Al Islam Bandung Hospital regarding work stress experienced by nurses and nurse resilience in dealing with problems that occur at work, as well as the relationship between resilience and nurses work stress.
Compliance Without Fear: Individual-Level Predictors of Protective Behavior During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jørgensen Frederik Juhl , Bor Alexander , Petersen Michael Bang
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic required rapid public compliance with advice from health authorities. Here, we ask who was most likely to do so during the first wave of the pandemic. Design: Quota-sampled cross-sectional and panel data from eight Western democracies (Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Sweden, UK and USA). Methods: We fielded online public opinion surveys to 26,508 citizens between March 19 and May 16. The surveys included questions about protective behavior, perceptions of the pandemic (threat and self-efficacy), as well as broader attitudes towards society (institutional and interpersonal trust). We employ multilevel and fixed-effects regression models to analyse the relationship between these variables. Results: Consistent with prior research on epidemics, perceptions of threat culturally uniform determinants of both avoidant and preventive forms of protective behavior. On this basis, authorities could foster compliance by appealing to fear of COVID-19, but there may be normative and practical limits to such a strategy. Instead, we find that another major source of compliance is a sense of self-efficacy. Using individual-level panel data, we find evidence that self-efficacy is amendable to change and exerts an effect on protective behavior. Furthermore, the effects of fear are small among those who feel efficacious, creating a path to compliance without fear. In contrast, two other major candidates for facilitating compliance from the social sciences, interpersonal trust and institutional trust, have surprisingly little motivational power during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: To address future waves of the pandemic, health authorities should thus focus on facilitating self-efficacy in the public.
Higher Education After COVID-19
Authors: Maitra Sumantra , Robinson Jenna A.
Published: May 2020

The current crisis will raise existential questions for small and mid-tier institutions. Only universities with massive endowments and highly competitive admissions will escape the effects of the coming enrollment cliff. Special coronavirus relief funding from state and federal governments will improve cash flow in the short term, but they are not permanent solutions. Colleges must act now to cut unnecessary expenses while preserving core academic functions.
Determinants of Income Shares and the Stable Middle in post-Socialist China
Authors: Gouzoulis Giorgos , Constantine Collin
Published: May 2020

This paper offers a historical analysis on how post-Socialist China’s transition to a globalised mixed-market economy led to class restructuring and estimates the drivers of its inter-decile income shares over the period 1978-2015 using Piketty et al. (2019)’s dataset. The key negative determinants of the bottom 50 percent are government consumption, trade openness and unemployment rate. The stable middle 40 percent is explained by the positive effects of government consumption, financial liberalisation and public indebtedness that compensate for the adverse effects of trade openness. Further, we find that government consumption, trade openness, and unemployment rate are positive determinants of the top 10 percent. More strikingly, trade openness disproportionately benefits the top 10 percent and this suggests that even China’s pragmatic world integration has been partial to business elites. Several policy ideas follow. First, China must overhaul its middle class urban-biased fiscal expenditure and second, the pension system must extend to the entirety of its income distribution. Third, stronger social welfare is required in the context of globalisation.
Age Discrimination in Hiring: An Experimental Study in Italy
Authors: Dormidontova Yulia , Castellani Marco , Squazzoni Flaminio
Published: May 2020

This paper examines age discrimination in hiring against elderly workers in Italy. By means of a role-game laboratory experiment, we estimated the effect of age and certain important mediating factors, such as job experience and training, on hiring decisions, by considering also social influence and stereotypes. Our findings indicate that age discrimination against older people does exist even when candidates have comparable characteristics. Results suggest that although the Italian population has one of the highest life expectancies worldwide, health stereotypes are the most important determinant of this effect. However, we found that experience and up-to-date training by elderly workers could counterbalance this negative effect.
A Retrospective Look at The Hayek Story: Roundaboutness, Sticky Consumption, and Sequestered Capital
Authors: McClure James , Thomas David Chandler , Spector Lee C.
Published: May 2020

Friedrich Hayek’s business cycle theory, withered throughout the 1930s as he admitted that its underlying model of Böhm-Bawerkian roundaboutness was incomplete and inadequate. In 1934, Hayek started a two-volume book on capital theory, completing only one volume in 1941. Curiously, Hayek (1941) cites Hicks’ (1939) Value and Capital but not the financial measure of roundaboutness that Hicks suggested as a substitute for Böhm-Bawerkian roundaboutness. In 1967, Hicks criticized the inexplicable lags in The Hayek Story. Hayek maintained his view that consumption was sticky and responded to Hicks with a mound-of-honey analogy. Nevertheless, Hayek maintained that his business cycle theory was fundamentally correct and continued to hope that others might someday discover a capital structure theory to undergird it. Toward fulfilling Hayek’s hope, we suggest augmenting the canonical stages of production with a sequestered-capital stage where products are invented, productized, and inventoried prior to launch, uncoordinated by observable prices.
Co-creating local socioeconomic pathways for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Szetey Katrina , Moallemi Enayat A. , Ashton Emma , Butcher Martin C , Sprunt Beth , Bryan Brett A.
Published: May 2020

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognise the importance of action across all scales to achieve a sustainable future. To contribute to overall national- and global-scale SDG achievement, local communities need to focus on a locally-relevant subset of goals and understand potential future pathways for key drivers which influence local sustainability. We developed a participatory method to co-create local socioeconomic pathways by downscaling the SDGs and driving forces of the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) via a local case study in southern Australia through contextual analysis and community engagement. We linked the SSPs and SDGs by identifying driving forces and describing how they affect the achievement of local SDGs. We co-created six local socioeconomic pathways with the local community which track towards futures with different levels of fulfilment of the SDGs and each encompasses a narrative storyline incorporating locally-specific ideas from the community. We tested and validated the local pathways with the community. This method extends the SSPs in two dimensions – into the broader field of sustainability via the SDGs, and by recontextualizing them at the local scale. The local socioeconomic pathways can contribute to achieving local sustainability goals from the bottom up in alignment with global initiatives.
COVID-19 and people's health-wealth preferences: Information effects and policy implications
Authors: Heap Shaun Hargreaves , Koop Christel , Matakos Konstantinos , Unan Asli , Weber Nina Sophie
Published: May 2020

Policy makers responding to COVID-19 need to know people’s relative valuation of health over wealth. Loosening and tightening lockdowns moves a society along a (perceived) health-wealth trade-off and the associated changes have to accord with the public’s relative valuation of health and wealth for maximum compliance. In our survey experiment (N=4,618), we randomize information provision on economic and health costs to assess public preferences over this trade-off in the UK and the US. People strongly prioritize health over wealth, but the treatment effects suggest these priorities will change as experience of COVID-19 deaths and income losses evolves. Information also has heterogeneous/polarizing effects. These results encourage policy caution. Individual differences in health-wealth valuation highlight this study’s importance because they map onto compliance with current lockdown measures.
The Unequal Impact of Ill Health: Earnings, Employment, and Mental Health among Breast Cancer Survivors in Finland
Authors: Vaalavuo Maria
Published: May 2020

In this article, I study the impact of breast cancer on earnings, employment, and mental health among Finnish women, specifically examining whether there is a heterogeneous impact according to socioeconomic status. I also study to what extent mental health problems mediate the impact on earnings and employment. The empirical analyses are based on unique register data including the total population of Finland from 2000 to 2016. As an identification strategy, the exact timing of cancer diagnosis is used. The results are based on difference-in-differences estimations. Breast cancer has an overall impact of –5.1 per cent on annual earnings with significant differences between earnings quintiles: the negative impact in the second earnings quintile is the largest, –9.0 per cent. Results hold when using other socioeconomic variables. Mental health problems mediate the impact only modestly. The negative effect is smaller when looking at total income highlighting the importance of the Finnish welfare state to buffer effects of ill health.
Are All Politics National?: County-Level Social Contexts and Inequality Remediation Attitudes, 2006-2012
Authors: Lindner Andrew Micah , Houle Jason
Published: May 2020

Despite growing economic inequality in recent decades, public support for government intervention to address it has been stable. A substantial literature has documented the individual-level demographic, social, and political characteristics that are associated with the extent to which individuals favor government intervention to reduce inequality. However, less work has examined how the local social environments that individuals are embedded in shape attitudes regarding inequality remediation. Using data from the General Social Survey (2006-2012) and other data sources, we examine whether local economic and social characteristics are associated with individuals’ support for government intervention to address income inequality in the U.S. Specifically, we link restricted General Social Survey data with place-level identifiers to county-level data on local income inequality, racial segregation, and partisan leanings. Broadly, we find that while national and individual-level conditions are strongly correlated with perceptions about inequality remediation, most local-level characteristics were not strongly nor significantly associated with individual attitudes regarding government intervention to address inequality. These findings tend to suggest that individuals formulate policy stances regarding inequality based on national messaging, rather than on observations within their own communities.