bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actuation of ferrobots in a plane for independent and swarm motion using a grid of electromagnets
Authors: Bhat Sudhanva , Ananthasuresh G K
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate an experimental platform for independent planar actuation of multiple ferromagnetic robots on a plane by locally varying the magnetic field around them using a 2D grid of solenoids. The ferromagnets can be brought together and separated, moved together in a swarm, or independently navigated using local magnetic fields, allowing for complex maneuvers. To enable this, they require strong fields to actuate and involve complications in force calculations. Modelling the force on the ferromagnet, which has field-dependent magnetization, is addressed by Legendre polynomial expansion of the integrand in the field equation, leading to significantly decreased computational effort. The developed method is used to apply required currents in the electromagnets and thereby move the ferromagnets along required paths in closed-loop motion. The accuracy of the developed force estimation is validated using finite element analysis, and it matches with less than 4% error. Furthermore, an autobraking mechanism with an optimal braking strategy is devised to mitigate the undesired overshoot and oscillations of ferromagnets. Several maneuvers of swarm and independent motion are presented. As a demonstrative case study, multiple ferrobots are used to change the shape of a planar elastic band to form a shape-changing robot, which is made to mimic processes in single-cell organisms.
Persistence of winter forage grasses in Silvopastoral Systems: dynamics of appearance and mortality of tillers under Eucalyptus sp. trees and full sunlight
Authors: Hernández Claudio , Maneiro Luciano , Viñoles Carolina , Bertoncelli Patricia , Benitez Valentina , Barrios Pablo González , González-Tálice Jaime , Fedrigo Jean Kássio
Published: February 2024

The impact of microclimatic changes caused by Silvopastoral Systems (SPS) in subtropical climates on C3 grasses persistence remains unclear, particularly concerning their effects on summer mortality and tiller growth. We hypothesized that the microclimate created by trees with different orientations in SPS would have an impact on the summer C3 grasses' persistence, as measured by the number of tillers per square meter. This study evaluated the survival of two C3 perennial grasses of different tolerance to shade (Dactylis glomerata: tolerant, Festuca arudinacea: moderately tolerant) and a C3 biannual grass typic of moist environments (Holcus lanatus) in full sunlight and SPS with tree rows oriented North-South (NS) and East-West (EW). We observed a decrease in Tiller Population Density (Tiller m− 2) for Holcus in all situations from December to April (P < 0.05) (from 2156 to 22 in NS, 2567 to 0 EW and 4667 to 533 in full sunlight). Festuca also decreased in all conditions but showed a relatively better performance (2867 to 1644 in NS, 3044 to 944 EW and 4500 to 3317 in full sunlight) and Dactylis (1933 to 2633 in NS, 2289 to 2056 EW and 3017 to 1750 in full sunlight). Results showed that Dactylis was more persistent under tree canopy, it presented lower mortality rate, especially in N-S oriented tree rows (P < 0.05). Festuca’s tiller mortality increased under reduced light, while Holcus showed higher mortality during summer, exacerbated under tree cover. These findings suggest that Dactylis could be a promising species for SPS in subtropical climates, particularly regarding summer persistence.
The Health Belief Model Perspective on COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy in Nigeria: A Scoping Review
Authors: Anyatonwu Obinna Princewill , Duru Christian Chukwuka , Nwoku Amy Kelechi
Published: February 2024

Background Nigeria’s COVID-19 vaccination campaign has made tremendous progress. Yet, there remains a gap in understanding the determinants of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Nigeria, particularly when viewed through established health behavior models. Due to the possibility of future health crises, gaining insights into these determinants is imperative.Objective This study aims to review the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Nigeria using the Health Belief Model (HBM).Methods A scoping review of relevant articles published on PubMed and Scopus was conducted following an article search from 28th August to 4th September 2022. Articles from 2020 onwards, using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods, were considered. Eligibility was restricted to peer-reviewed articles in English, focused on the Nigerian context, and addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, willingness, or acceptance, regardless of the study design. Reference lists of identified articles were also scrutinized for pertinent studies.Results This study revealed that in Nigeria, lower perceived susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 were linked to vaccine hesitancy. Major barriers to vaccination included mistrust, religious beliefs, and concerns about long-term effects. Social cues, particularly media and advice from health professionals, greatly influenced vaccine acceptance. Healthcare workers exhibited higher vaccine acceptance due to increased self-efficacy. Modifying factors affecting hesitancy included geographic location, age, gender, and socioeconomic status.Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the significance of the HBM in identifying factors capable of influencing COVID-19 vaccine reluctance. Utilizing HBM insights can guide targeted interventions and campaigns to increase vaccine adoption, thereby reducing hesitancy and promoting a safer, healthier society.
Formulation and in-vitro Evaluation of Vildagliptin Microspheres Using Pectin and Xanthan Gum as Polymers
Authors: MANUBOLU KRISHNAVENI , PEERIGA RAVEESHA , BABA KUDIPUDI HARINADHA , BATTA BINATHI
Published: February 2024

Aim
The aim of the work is a formulation and in vitro evaluation of the vildagliptin microsphere using pectin and xanthan gum.
Objective
Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor extensively associated with the therapy of type-2 diabetes mellitus. A controlled release of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract may aid in maintaining the therapeutic range for an extended period. Sodium alginate, pectin, and xanthan gum are commonly used as biopolymers in drug delivery with favourable biocompatibility and biodegradation.
Materials and method
Sodium alginate-pectin and sodium alginate-xanthan gum beads were developed to deliver vildagliptin. A calcium chloride ion (cacl2) induced ionic gelation technique was employed for synthesizing pH-sensitive beads by varying the ratio of sodium alginate, pectin, and xanthan gum.
Results
The FTIR investigation verified that drugs and polymers are compatible. The developed beads were evaluated for scanning electron microscopic and DSC study, drug content, swelling ratio, and in-vitro dissolution study. The microscopic images exhibited some are in spherical and semi-spherical shaped beads with cracked and rough surfaces. A pH-dependent swelling was seen, indicating that water intake was restricted in an acidic medium and elevated in an alkaline pH environment. The in-vitro dissolution study demonstrated a controlled release of the drug. optimized formulation Exhibiting diffusion release.
Conclusion
The study reported the successful development of vildagliptin microspheres by using sodium alginate, pectin, and xanthan beads for controlled delivery of Vildagliptin.
Unlocking Maternal Outcome Prediction Potential: A Comprehensive Analysis of the ConvXGB Model Integrating XGBoost and Deep Learning” at Evolving Systems.
Authors: Nwokoro Chukwudi Obinna , Akinnuwesi Boluwaji Ade , Shastri Sourabh , Uzoka Faith-Michael , Inyang Udoinyang G. , Eyoh Imo J. , Duke Onyeabochukwu Augustine , Nwokoro Kelechi Cynthia , Joseph Kingsley U.
Published: February 2024

The significance of maternal health cannot be overemphasized, and the ability to predict maternal outcomes accurately is critical to ensuring the well-being of both mothers and infants. This study presents ConvXGB, a novel predictive model that utilizes a combination of XGBoost, a potent gradient boosting algorithm, and deep learning to extract intricate features. The objective is to enhance precision and robustness of maternal outcome predictions. The study sourced diverse maternal health data from the southern region of Nigeria and implemented Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) to address any dataset imbalances. Results obtain demonstrate a significant improvement in model performance, with an accuracy rate of 97.96% across various maternal outcome classes. The recommendations from this study highlight the potential of ConvXGB in advancing maternal health predictive analytics, supporting informed clinical decision-making, and improving resource allocation. Further studies are warranted to explore the broader applicability of ConvXGB in different healthcare domains through outcome analyses and methodological advancements.
ISIS AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CONTINUATION OF THE PERENNIAL BATTLE BETWEEN GOOD AND EVIL
Authors:   Department of Regional Studies, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Enghelab St., Enghelab Sq., Tehran, 1417935840, Iran, Nabavi Seyed Abdolamir
Published: February 2024

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic provided the grounds for extremist groups such as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) to call the COVID-19 a soldier of God. The present study aims to examine how the Middle Eastern radical Islamists in general, and ISIS in particular, interpret and deal with the pandemic by relying on their own peculiar references to Islamic sources. While previous studies have addressed how ISIS has managed COVID-19 in detail, the association between ISIS’ conceptual basis and their disease management has not been explored yet. Findings revealed that the pandemic has been interpreted in different ways by ISIS. In the beginning, ISIS welcomed the pandemic and interpreted COVID-19 as the divine wrath for humiliating and punishing the unbelievers. Emphasising this interpretation, ISIS tried to cover up its continuous failure to control the pandemic while claiming that God protected the community.
DEFINING PAG-IPAT: A MULTIMODAL SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF MAGUINDANAON’S HEALING RITUAL
Authors:   College of Arts and Sciences, Mindanao State University-Maguindanao, Dalican, Datu Odin Sinsuat, Maguindanao del Norte, 9601 The Philippines, Traspe Arlyn Carbon
Published: February 2024

Pag-ipat (ritual against disease) is a traditional healing ritual of the Maguindanaon people in the southern Philippines. Devoid of Islamic components, it is based on numerous ideas such as possession, invisible spirits, mythological history, and the offering of sacrifice. This study explores the signs and symbols incorporated in pagipat. Through a multimodal semiotic analysis, specifically ethnographic observation, this research determines the meanings conveyed by the semiotic resources used, expounds on how semiotic resources are orchestrated to communicate meaning, and rationalises the ideology expressed in the ritual performance. Findings reveal that the resources utilised in the performance of pag-ipat communicate gratitude and love, recognition, honour, appreciation, journey, generosity, kindness, recognition of their ancestor, invitation to the neighbours and the community, healing, enlightenment, freedom from darkness, identity marker, greediness, and life. Through the manner of installing the pandala (flags), the presence of the sambulayang (set of flags), the quantity of food, the quality of the cloth, the number of days spent in the ritual, the design of the food and clothing material, the dance movement of the medium, and the kulintang music produced by the performers, the healing rite manifests social standing and artistic skill of the performers. The practise of pag-ipat tells us that regardless of Maguindanaon’s observance of Islam as official religion, some believe in the existence of ancestral spirits, mythological entities, and spirit animals which has a significant impact on their beliefs and behaviour. Thus, ritual elements increase signification and meaning-making potentials in the discourse environment because of their iconicity, indexicality, and meaning-making potentiality.
Explorando causalidade na seleção de variáveis para previsão de séries temporais multivariadas
Authors: Lucas Patrícia , Mendes Eduardo , Guimarães Frederico
Published: February 2024

A previsão de séries temporais desempenha um papel fundamental em diversos setores, fornecendo insights valiosos para o planejamento e tomada de decisões em várias áreas de aplicação. A seleção de características em series temporais e, por sua vez, um componente crucial no pipeline de aprendizado de máquina. Ao selecionar cuidadosamente um conjunto apropriado de variáveis, os modelos de aprendizado de máquina podem aumentar a precisão da previsão, reduzir o tempo de processamento e melhorar a interpretabilidade. Neste estudo, comparamos o método de descoberta causal PCMCI (Peter and Clark Momentary Conditional Independence) com outros métodos de seleção de características não causais, como Correlação, Algoritmos Genéticos e regularização LASSO. Três conjuntos de dados do mundo real são usados nos experimentos de acordo com tres resultados principais: tamanho do gráfico gerado (numero de variáveis selecionadas), tempo de execução e precisão da previsão em diferentes horizontes de 1, 3 e 5 passos a frente. Os resultados mostram a capacidade do PCMCI em ` gerar modelos de previsão mais enxutos, proporcionando maior interpretabilidade e reduzindo a suscetibilidade ao sobre-ajuste.
Aplicação do Algoritmo Genético na Otimização do Projeto de Transformador Trifásico de Distribuição
Authors: Souza Daniel , Souza Kleymilson , Inocêncio Layse , Silva Stefânia
Published: February 2024

Diante da necessidade de equipamentos mais eficientes e com menor custo de fabricação, as indústrias de transformadores de distribuição buscam novas tecnologias para aprimorar seus projetos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar o dimensionamento da parte ativa de um transformador trifásico de distribuição, utilizando a técnica de inteligência computacional com algoritmo genético, visando minimizar o peso total da materia-prima e atender as normas de eficiência vigentes. Foram testadas e avaliadas tres situações distintas, nas quais as funções de custo do algoritmo foram modificadas. No primeiro caso, o objetivo foi minimizar as perdas respeitando as normas. No segundo caso, buscou-se minimizar as perdas, mantendo-as 5% abaixo do limite estipulado por norma. No terceiro caso, procurou-se otimizar tanto as perdas quanto a massa do transformador. A partir dessa implementação, foi possível traçar a superfície de busca do algoritmo genético, revelando a dimensão do espaço de busca do projeto. Além disso, verificou-se que a redução das perdas implica em um maior custo. O algoritmo genético obteve sucesso na busca pelo transformador ótimo e é uma excelente ferramenta para auxiliar os projetistas.
Rediscovering Christian Culture and Spirituality in the Fluid Reality of Europe
Authors: Napiórkowski Andrzej
Published: February 2024

This article points to the plight of man in the 21st century and his intimidating spiritual and axiological confusion. The 2020 COVID pandemic, the 2022 war in Ukraine and high economic inflation have exposed the lack of stable ethical values and lasting references for Europe. On the one hand, many EU citizens live today in uncertainty and fear, falling in line with populist slogans, and on the other hand, strong xenophobic and fundamentalist currents have emerged in the Catholic Church. Europe is arguably not so much in need of a return to over-institutionalized Christianity, but rather of a search for new forms and systems that would express the ideas of Jesus of Nazareth in innovative ways. Postmodernity with its characteristic elements, i.e., pluralization, mercantilization and rapid change, seem to be completely incompatible with the conventionally accepted Christian understanding of God, the concept of man and the world around him. Therefore, this is a great challenge to all Christian theologians.
Vitamin D as a Modulator of Neuroinflammation: Implications for Brain
Health
Authors: Menéndez Sebastián García , Manucha Walter
Published: February 2024

Neuroinflammation represents a critical immune response within the brain, playing a pivotal role in
defense against injury and infection. However, when this response becomes chronic, it can contribute to the development
of various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This bibliographic review delves into the
role of vitamin D in modulating neuroinflammation and its implications for brain health, particularly in the
context of neurological and psychiatric disorders. While vitamin D is traditionally associated with calcium
homeostasis and bone health, it also exerts immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects within the central
nervous system. Through comprehensive analysis of preclinical and clinical studies, we uncover how vitamin
D, acting through its receptors in glial cells, may influence the production of proinflammatory cytokines and
antioxidants, potentially mitigating the cascade of events leading to neuronal damage. Clinical research has
identified vitamin D deficiency as a common thread in the increased risks of multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease,
Alzheimer's, and depression, among others. Furthermore, preclinical models suggest vitamin D's regulatory
capacity over inflammatory mediators, its protective role against neuronal apoptosis, and its contribution to
neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. These insights underscore the potential of vitamin D supplementation not
only in slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases but also in improving the quality of life for patients
suffering from psychiatric conditions. Future clinical studies are essential to validate these findings and
further our understanding of vitamin D's capacity to prevent or alleviate symptoms, opening new avenues for
therapeutic strategies against neuroinflammation-related pathologies. Neuroinflammation is a crucial immune
response in the brain against injuries or infections, but its persistence can lead to diseases such as Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and depression. Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) emerges as a regulator of neuroinflammation,
present in brain cells such as astrocytes and microglia, modulating immune function. Vitamin D's
mechanisms of action include cytokine modulation and regulation of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. It adjusts
inflammatory mediators and antioxidants, resulting in neuroprotective effects. Additionally, vitamin D
impacts neurotransmitter synthesis and brain plasticity. This positions vitamin D as a potential adjunct in treating
diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Lastly, its role in intestinal microbiota and serotonin synthesis
contributes to psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and depression. Thus, vitamin D presents a novel therapeutic
approach for neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Design, Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, ADME and Cytotoxicity
Studies of 1,3,5-Triazine Containing Heterocyclic Scaffolds as Selective
BRAF Monomeric, Homo and Heterodimeric Inhibitors
Authors: Kumar Singh Ankit , Sreelakshmi P. , Pathak Prateek , Kumar Adarsh , Singh Harshwardhan , Yadav Jagat Pal , Verma Amita , Grishina Maria , Kumar Pradeep
Published: February 2024

Background:

v-RAF murine sarcoma viral homolog B1 (BRAF) is one of the most
frequently mutated kinases in human cancers. BRAF exhibits three classes of mutations: Class I
monomeric mutants (BRAFV600), class II BRAF homodimer mutants (non-V600), and class III
BRAF heterodimers (non-V600).

Method:

In this manuscript, the protein-ligand interaction site of all three mutants: BRAF monomer,
BRAF homodimer BRAF2:14-3-32, and BRAF heterodimer BRAF:14-3-32:MEK (Mitogen
extracellular Kinase) has been discussed. FDA-approved drugs still have limitations against all
three classes of mutants, especially against the second and third classes.
Using the DesPot grid model, 1114 new compounds were designed. Using virtual screening, the
three PDB Ids 4XV2 for monomers, 7MFF for homodimers, and 4MNE for heterodimers were
used for 1114 newly designed compounds.

Result:

Dabrafenib, encorafenib, sorafenib and vemurafenib were included as standard drugs. The
top 10 hit molecules were identified for each protein. Additional binding studies were performed
using molecular docking studies on the protein-ligand site of each PDB identifier. Absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and toxicity studies were also performed.

Conclusion:

It was identified that top-hit molecules had better binding and interaction activity
than standard in all three classes of mutants.
Exploring the Supramolecular Features, Computational Studies, and
Molecular Docking Studies of a Carbamate Schiff Base
Authors: Kanmazalp Sibel Demir , Dege Necmi , Baildya Nabajyoti , Adhikari Suman
Published: February 2024

In the carbamate Schiff base compound, the molecule is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen
bonding interactions along with π···π stacking and C–H···π contacts that lead to the molecule
generating diverse supramolecular architecture. The fingerprint plots associated with Hirshfeld surface
analysis indicate that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from
H⋯H/H⋯H (81.8%), H⋯O/O⋯H (7.5%), and H⋯N/N⋯H (1.9%) interactions. Furthermore, a
computational study is performed to find the interaction energy between molecular pairs, and a description
of the active site of the compound has been included. The study inferred the role of various
types of interaction energies in stabilizing the molecular pair. Additionally, the carbamate Schiff
base compound was tested as a possible inhibitor for a group of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins employing
a molecular docking approach. Papain-like protease (PLpro) was shown to have the highest binding
affinities. The carbamate Schiff base compound with PLpro’s docking score falls within the acceptable
levels for a hit compound.
A Retrospective Study Analyzing the Incidence of Urine Incontinence after Cesarean Section Delivery in Comparison with Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Dowais Raad , Albeitawi Soha , Sindiani Amer , Bakkar Sohail , Ababneh Nahed , Abu Kaf Dania , Malkawi Aseel , Alrababah Hedaia , Al-Binni Maysaa
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Urine incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine. Its actual prevalence
is underestimated. There is a general belief that vaginal delivery is a major risk. Elective cesarean
delivery is increasing worldwide; one reason is to protect against pelvic floor disorders, including
urine incontinence. Previous studies included small samples with controversial results.
This study aimed to compare the risk of urine incontinence in women who had cesarean delivery
with those who had vaginal delivery.

Methods:

It was a retrospective study on 1751 women delivered in a university hospital over a 5-
year period. Data collected on number of deliveries, age at first and last delivery, mode of each delivery,
gestational age, birth weight, indication of cesarean section, induction of labor, episiotomy,
perineal tears, smoking, chronic cough, chronic constipation, presence and severity of urine incontinence
using ICIQ score. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: all cesarean section deliveries
and at least one vaginal delivery.

Results:

A total of 600 respondents delivered only by cesarean section, and 1151 had at least one
vaginal delivery. Urine incontinence prevalence in the cesarean group was 5.8%, and 6.9% in the
vaginal group. Age, perineal tear, chronic cough, and chronic constipation were found to be significantly
associated with urinary incontinence. After adjusting for all other variables, vaginal delivery
was not found to be significantly associated with incontinence compared to cesarean.

Conclusion:

Vaginal and cesarean deliveries have a comparable incidence of urinary incontinence.
It is difficult to get a firm conclusion on whether cesarean is protective. Chronic constipation
and cough are important factors regardless of delivery mode.
CMC and QMS Regulatory Requirements and Challenges for mRNA-based Vaccines
Authors: Tyagi Surbhi , Shukla Vikesh Kumar , Arora Sandeep
Published: February 2024

Biopharmaceuticals differ significantly from chemical drugs, and thus their CMC regulatory
compliance is distinct from them. The development of biologicals, like mRNA vaccines, holds
promise for preventing infectious diseases and generating an antigen-specific immune response.
These vaccines are a better option than traditional vaccination methods because of their significant
potency and swift and affordable manufacture. The compliance strategy is shaped by evaluating resource
allocation and risk tolerance. This review examines the CMC regulatory requirements concerned
with the manufacturing of biologics, particularly mRNA vaccines. The many challenges that
could arise when producing biological products are also discussed in this paper, like the introduction
of adventitious agents that can affect the safety of the product and the molecular designs of mRNA
molecules, which may need to be optimized for higher protein expression and improved structural
stability. By implementing the Quality by Design approach during the development, a better understanding
of the controls and risk management should be utilized to minimize the risk and improve
compliance.
Cryptolepine Analog Exhibits Antitumor Activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma
Cells in Mice via Targeting Cell Growth, Oxidative Stress, and PTEN/Akt/mTOR
Signaling Pathway
Authors: El-Aarag Bishoy , Shalaan Eman S. , Ahmed Abdullah A.S. , El Sayed Ibrahim El Tantawy , Ibrahim Wafaa M.
Published: February 2024

Background:

The efficacy of chemotherapy continues to be limited due to associated toxicity and
chemoresistance. Thus, synthesizing and investigating novel agents for cancer treatment that could potentially
eliminate such limitations is imperative.

Objective:

The current study aims to explore the anticancer potency of cryptolepine (CPE) analog on Ehrlich
ascites carcinoma cells (EACs) in mice.

Methods:

The effect of a CPE analog on EAC cell viability and ascites volume, as well as malonaldehyde, total
antioxidant capacity, and catalase, were estimated. The concentration of caspase-8 and mTOR in EACs was also
measured, and the expression levels of PTEN and Akt were determined.

Results:

Results revealed that CPE analog exerts a cytotoxic effect on EAC cell viability and reduces the ascites
volume. Moreover, this analog induces oxidative stress in EACs by increasing the level of malonaldehyde and
decreasing the level of total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity. It also induces apoptosis by elevating the
concentration of caspase-8 in EACs. Furthermore, it decreases the concentration of mTOR in EACs. Moreover, it
upregulates the expression of PTEN and downregulates the expression of Akt in EACs.

Conclusion:

Our findings showed the anticancer activity of CPE analog against EACs in mice mediated by regulation
of the PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Unraveling the Role of the Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β, Bruton’s Tyrosine
Kinase, and Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mohite Rupali , Gharat Sankalp , Doshi Gaurav
Published: February 2024

:

Inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration are symptoms of the central
nervous system (CNS) condition known as Multiple sclerosis (MS). Due to its crucial function
in controlling immune cell activation and inflammation, the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-
3β), Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), and Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway
have become a viable target for the therapy of MS. The GSK-3β signaling system, which controls
several biological target processes, including cell survival, proliferation, and inflammation,
depends on the GSK-3β enzyme. In MS animal models and human studies, GSK-3β inhibition
has been demonstrated to lessen demyelination and inflammation. Clinical research on MS has
demonstrated that BTK inhibitors decrease inflammation and disease activity by preventing B
cell activation and the subsequent release of cytokines. Clinical investigations for MS have
demonstrated that S1P modulators, such as fingolimod, lower disease activity and inflammation
by limiting immune cell migration to the central nervous system and preventing cytokine production.
The GSK-3β /BTK/S1P signaling pathway in MS is the subject of this paper's summary
and discussion of prospective treatment targets.
Formulation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Rosiglitazone and
Probiotic: Optimization and In-vitro Characterization
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Tyagi Nidhi , Mehan Sidharth , Singh Alok Pratap
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

In the present study, solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with Rosiglitazone and
probiotics were prepared via solvent emulsification diffusion method which is patented. As a lipid and
surfactant, Gleceryl monostearate and Pluronic -68 were used in the formulation process.

Methods:

During characterization, it was determined that ingredient quantity variations significantly
impacted Rosiglitazone loading capacity, particle size, polydispersity index, etc. In an optimized formulation
of RSG-PB loaded SLNs, spherical particles with a mean particle size of 147.66 ± 1.52 nm,
PDI of 0.42 ± 0.02, and loading capacity of 45.36 ± 0.20 were identified.

Results:

Moreover, the developed SLNs had the potential to discharge the drug for up to 24 hours, as
predicted by Higuchi's pharmacokinetic model. The SLNs were stable at 25°C/60%RH for up to 60
days. There was little to no change in particle size, PDI, or loading capacity. In addition, the number of
probiotic bacteria was determined using the standard plate count procedure. Further, the antioxidant
effect of the prepared formulation is evaluated using the DPPH assay method.

Conclusion:

This study concludes that the method used to fabricate RSG-probiotic-loaded SLNs is
straightforward and yields favorable results regarding various parameters, including sustained release
property, particle size, PDI, and percent drug loading stability. Furthermore, DPPH radical scavenging
activity shows the high antioxidant potential of RSG-PB SLNs when compared to RSG and probiotics
alone.
Antibacterial Polyketides from the Plant Endophytic Fungus Fusarium sp.
Authors: Wang Ru , Shi Ying , Liu Qianqian , Sun Liyan , Liu Ling
Published: February 2024

Background:

Endophytic fungi have been recognized as new sources of natural products
with a variety of biological activities, providing lead compounds for drug discovery and development.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to isolate and identify the secondary metabolites from the
plant endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. HJY2 and evaluate their antibacterial activities.

Methods:

The compounds were isolated and purified by the methods of silica gel column chromatography,
Sephadex LH-20 gel chromatography, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by comparing the NMR
and MS spectroscopic data with those of pieces of literature. The antibacterial activities were evaluated
by the broth microdilution method.

Results:

Seven polyketides were isolated from the fermented extracts of the fungus Fusarium sp.
HJY2 and identified as sydowinol (1), dihydrolateropyrone (2), 13-oxo-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid
(3), (E)-ferulic acid (4), 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (5), methyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (6) and
4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone (7). Compound 3 exhibited moderate antibacterial activities
against Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas
campestris pv. campestris with MIC values of 40, 40, 80 and 40 μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion:

Seven compounds were isolated from the plant endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. HJY2.
Compound 1 was isolated from the Fusarium genus for the first time. Compound 3 showed moderate
antibacterial activities.
A Comprehensive Survey on Harmonic Elimination in Multilevel Inverters
Using Optimization Techniques for Power Quality Improvement
Authors: Karmakar Tanmoy , Das Biswas Sangita , Bhattacharjee Somudeep , Nandi Champa , Das Bikram
Published: February 2024

Background:

Renewable energy sources offer sustainable solutions, but the conversion
of DC energy into AC energy, commonly used in electrical devices necessitates inverters. Multilevel
inverters have gained favor over conventional two-level inverters in high-power, mediumvoltage
industrial and renewable energy applications due to their high switching frequency capabilities
and ability to produce low-harmonic distortion voltage, ensuring superior power quality.

Aims:

This study focuses on addressing the adverse effects of harmonics in electrical systems and
investigates methods to eliminate them in multilevel inverters.

Methods:

This study summarized current research works on traditional and advanced harmonic
removal optimization strategies in multilevel inverters to highlight the limitations, objectives,
THD%, and summary of existing works. Moreover, this study applies selective harmonic elimination
techniques in 7-level and 15-level inverters using PSO and IPSO optimization algorithms to
minimize THD and enhance inverter performance.

Results:

The study summarizes current research on harmonic removal strategies in multilevel inverters,
revealing the prevalent use of MATLAB/Simulink in research endeavors. Various modulation
and optimization techniques have been explored to achieve low THD in the output waveform,
aligning with IEEE 519 standards for power system harmonic distortion. Furthermore, the
comparative analysis part highlights increasing THD improvement with higher inverter levels.
The 15-level inverter stands out, achieving 6.75% THD with PSO and 4.12% with improved PSO,
meeting IEEE 519's THD limit.

Conclusion:

The study underscores the importance of ongoing research in this field to advance
harmonic reduction strategies, making multilevel inverters even more attractive for a wide range
of applications.
Insights into Innovations in Polymer-based Self-healing Fabrics: Through the Lens of Patents
Authors: Anish Mathews Priya , Koonisetty Swati , Bhardwaj Sanjay
Published: February 2024

The transformation of ordinary fabrics into self-healing (SH) or intelligent
fabric is now emerging as an important research area. SH fabrics are capable of maintaining
their structural and functional integrity over an extended period of time, while
also offering protection and aesthetic appeal. Similar to the biological mechanism of
healing the superficial damages caused to a living being, smart fabrics are created to
have sensitivity towards the damage-causing factors and act accordingly to overcome
the damages. Polymers, owing to their versatile properties, are a preferred group of
materials to serve the demands of various technology domains. Polymer-based SH
systems for fabrics are being extensively studied for their highly beneficial applications
in the world of fabrics. The current paper analyzes the innovation trends of polymer-
based SH fabrics from a patent perspective. These fabrics are used for protective
clothing, wearables, and other advanced applications. Newer material systems or
designs are adopted to incorporate the auto-repairing ability in fabrics in response to
damages. The SH functionality ensures durability and an extended lifespan for the
fabrics. Innovation trend analysis indicated a steady positive growth trajectory for
these materials holding a promising future.
Target Signal Communication Detection of Black Flying UAVs Based on
Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Zheng Yangbing , Tu Xiaohan
Published: February 2024

Background:

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being widely used in many
fields, such as national economy, social development, national defense, and security. Currently, the number of registered UAVs in China is far less than that of flying UAVs-the frequent
occurrence of unsafe incidents.

Objective:

The phenomenon of UAVs flying undeclared and unapproved has caused more serious troubles to social public order and people's production and life.

Methods:

In this paper, to assist the public security department in detecting the phenomenon of
UAV black flying, our team conducts a series of research based on the deep learning YOLOv5
(You Only Look Once) algorithm.

Results:

Firstly, the Vision Transformer mechanism is integrated to enhance the robustness of
the model. Secondly, depth-separable convolution is introduced to reduce parameter redundancy. Finally, the SimAM attention-free mechanism and CBAM attention-free mechanism are
combined to enhance the attention of small target UAVs.

Conclusion:

Through the analysis of UAV targets in video surveillance, the rapid identification of black-flying UAVs can be realized, the monitoring and early warning ability of UAVs
in a specific area can be improved, and the loss of life and property of people can be reduced or
saved as much as possible.
Naturally-Derived Biomaterials for Oral and Dental Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ying Zhen Fan , Subhi Azeez Hasan , Ridzuan Abd Mutalib Mohd Nor , Abdullah Nurul Asma
Published: February 2024

Damage to different body tissues may occur as a result of trauma, injury, or
disease, which requires therapies to aid their healing through repair or regeneration.
Tissue engineering aims to repair, sustain or recover the function of injured tissue or
organs by producing biological substitutes. Advances in different approaches of dental
tissue engineering, ranging from conventional triad (stem cells, scaffold, and regulatory
signals-based tissue engineering) to modern technologies (3D printing and 4D
printing), further emphasize that there are promising treatment approaches offered by
the dental tissue engineering field to a variety of orofacial disorders, specifically
through the design and manufacture of materials, application of appropriate regulatory
signals and the enhanced knowledge of stem cells application. Inspired by their unique
properties, scaffolds of natural origins, such as chitosan, cellulose, alginate, collagen,
silk, and gelatin, have become a popular source of materials manufacturing that would
simulate the biological environment. Future research should focus on translating
laboratory findings into feasible therapies, i.e., directing basic sciences discovered in
dental tissue engineering into contemporary clinically applicable therapies for orofacial
disorders.
Decellularised Natural Cancellous Trabecular Bone Scaffold in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Pang Kok-Lun , Ogechi Ekeuku Sophia , Chin Kok-Yong
Published: February 2024

Delayed fracture healing and non-union fractures are major orthopaedic
issues that have become a significant healthcare burden. Among many approaches,
bone grafts facilitate the healing of non-union fractures. Native cancellous bones
represent a more viable and advantageous source of bone grafts due to structural and
biochemical similarity with natural bone. They also provide a large surface-to-volume
ratio to host cells and for the formation of the vasculature. Given these advantages, we
aimed to review some of the recent innovations in native cancellous bone graft
production, such as bone selection, decellularisation, demineralisation, and in vitro and
in vivo testing. Some endogenous and processing factors affecting performance are also
highlighted. In addition, innovations such as the coadministration of interleukin-4, and
impregnation of the scaffold with platelet-rich plasma are introduced to increase
scaffold performance. A brief overview of skeletal properties and metabolism, fracture
healing, and essential features of bone grafts is provided to appreciate these
innovations.
Scientific applicability in day-to-day practice on Granthokta Sutika Paricharya
Authors: Lalita  , Jitesh Kumar Panda  , Suniti Tanwar
Published: February 2024

Being a mother is most challenging and most rewarding position a woman ever holds, so motherhood is wonderful at the same time its hardest phase for woman. Giving birth to a new life is a beautiful moment a women will cherish forever. But after the delivery, mothers body encounters many physical and psychological changes which may lead to the generalized weakness and backache etc., if proper postnatal care is not taken. Mother needs to recover and heal from the physical and emotional distress experienced during the delivery. So, proper care in postnatal period is essential. Ayurveda classics emphasize on both prenatal and postnatal care of the mother. There is detailed description of postnatal period and care known as Sutika Kala and Paricharaya respectively. After the childbirth when placenta is expelled out then women is termed as Sutika[1] and Paricharya means following the diet, regimen and medicines (Aahara, Vihara and Aushadha) during the Sutika Kala (postnatal period). According to Acharyas, Mithyaachrana during Sutika Kala may result in incurable disease, so extreme care must be taken during this period.[2] The main prospective of the Sutika Paricharya is to retrieve the strength and vitality of the mother’s body same as non-pregnant state along with stabilization of the physiological and psychological health. It also improves the quality and quantity of breast milk of mother. In present time due to changing lifestyles and food habits Sutika Paricharya can be a solution to many problems faced due to Mithyaachrana during the Sutika Kala.
The systematic review on Madhumeha w.r.t. Diabetic Neuropathy and its management: A review article
Authors: Megha Sain  , Shweta Bisht  , N.R. Singh
Published: February 2024

The world's fastest-growing major illness is diabetes mellitus. It's a metabolic illness that could lead to an insufficiency or malfunction in the production of insulin. Many of the Samhitas contain detailed descriptions of Madhumeha. Diabetic neuropathy is most common complication of Diabetes, approximately 50% of patients with diabetes eventually develop neuropathy. Symptoms of diabetic neuropathy not directly mentioned in Ayurveda but symptoms like Suptata, Chumchumayan, Karpada Daha, seen in Prameha either in Prameha prodomal stage, exhibition stage or in complication stage. As Samprapti of diabetic neuropathy not clearly mentioned in Samhitas so, after reviewing different Samhitas, a Samprapti has been suggested with possible management of Diabetic neuropathy in Ayurveda i.e., Shodhan and Samana Chikitsa and mode of action of Shodhan Chikitsa.
Ayurvedic management of Sandhivata (Osteoarthritis)
Authors: Urvashi Chandrol  , Swati Nagpal
Published: February 2024

Sandhivata is the most common disease in the world which affecting a large population. Sandhivata term is derived from “Sandhi” and “Vata” which means when Vata lodges in Sandhi causes pain, swelling, restriction of joint movements. Clinical presentation of Sandhivata is closely mimics to osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease. According to Ayurveda Sandhivata is a type of Vatavyadhi which more commonly occurs in Vridhavasta. In present era due to its chronicity, incurability, complications, Sandhivata become a challenging disease. Sandhivata commonly affects knee joint, hip joint, and it is more common in weight wearing joint among all joints. If knee joint involved condition become more painful. Early diagnosis of Sandhivata such as through symptoms or screenings, can often lead to better treatment outcomes and a higher likelihood of successful recovery. Timely intervention can help slow down the progression of the disease and increase the chances of achieving positive results within a shorter period, typically within 5-6 days. In the current study main aim to treat Sandhivata in early stage by herbal medicine, Januvasti and physiotherapy.
Ayurveda management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by single herbs & combinations - A Case Report
Authors: Pooja Sahu  , Shiromani Mishra
Published: February 2024

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common problems affecting approximately 12% of all woman. PCOS can effect menstrual cycle, hormonal level, fertility as well as appearance including acne, facial hair growth and balding, overweight, irregular menstrual cycle, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhea etc. Some woman may suffer from depression. It is also a metabolic problem that affects several body systems. PCOS is the most common endocrinopathy which mostly occur in women of reproductive age, resulting into insulin resistance and the compensatory hyper insulinemia. According to ayurvedic view PCOS can be correlated with Aarthava Kshaya. Ayurveda scriptures describes gynaecological disorder mainly under the term “Yonivyapada”. It is difficult to find exact correlation of any specific condition in Ayurvedic text with PCOS. The sign & symptoms of condition like Anartava / Nashtarva, Arjaska Yonivyapada, Lohitakshaya Yonivyapada, Vandhya Yonivyapada, Shandi Yonivyapada, Aartava Kashya and Pushpaghani Jataharini mentioned in Ayurveda closely resemble the features of PCOS symptoms. While explaining Yoni Vyapada they also described some herbal formulations to treat such conditions which included Latakaranj seeds (Caesalpinia cristata), Shivlingi (Bryonopsis laciniosa), Shatpushpa (Anethum sowa) & Kounch (Mucuna prurita).
Efficacy of Marma Chikitsa in pain management of Cervical Spondylosis - A Single Case Study
Authors: Rahul Ratan Uikey  , Rita Marwaha  , Pankaj Gupta  , Nisha Bhalerao
Published: February 2024

Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative condition of the cervical spine that affects the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs of the neck as well as the contents of spinal canal. It is characterized by neck pain radiating to shoulders, arms, head and person is unable to perform daily routine work. Patient aged 47 years came to our institute with the complaint of headache, pain and stiffness in cervical region & pain is radiated to hand, tingling sensation in hand, restricted movement of cervical spine for 6 month. He was diagnosed as case of cervical spondylosis. MRI of cervical spine suggested protrusion at C5-C6 level causing anterior thecal sac compression & bilateral moderate neural foraminal narrowing with left exiting nerve compression. In this case study effect of Marma Chikitsa in pain management of cervical spondylosis is evaluated. This case study shows that pain in cervical spondylosis may be successfully managed by Marma Chikitsa.
A Study on Improving Speech Perception in Noise and Cognitive-Communication Abilities in Elderly Individuals Wearing Hearing Aids through Web-Based Auditory Training
Authors: Chung Hyo Sun , Bahng Junghwa
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the impact of web-based auditory training on speech perception in noise and cognitive-communication abilities in elderly individuals wearing hearing aids. The focus was on addressing communication difficulties commonly experienced by this demographic.Methods: Twenty participants, with over 6 months of hearing aid use, were divided into a training group (undergoing 8 weeks of weekly 60-minute web-based auditory training) and a non-training group. The training program included tasks like listening to sentences in noise, short and long stories, sentence arrangement, and crossword quizzes. Various assessments, such as Korean Repeat and Recall Test and Brief test Cognitive-Communication Disorders evaluations, were conducted before and after training. The Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment test served as a prescreening measure for cognitive impairments.Results: Significant improvements were observed in the training group’s speech perception in noise, recall, and cognitive-communicative abilities post-training. Conversely, the non-training group showed no statistically significant differences.Conclusion: The findings suggest that web-based auditory training holds promise for enhancing cognition and communication in elderly hearing aid users. Future studies could further explore the comparative effectiveness of auditory training by categorizing participants into face-to-face, remote, and hybrid groups. This research contributes valuable insights into addressing communication challenges in the aging population through innovative training methods.