bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of arthritis in Indian older adults
Authors: Sabat Sangram Kishore , Panda Sucheta , Merli Pradip Kumar , Bhuyan Susanta Kumar
Published: August 2022

There are no estimates of arthritis in older adults from a nationally representative population in India and this is a major gap in evidence for effective policy making. Therefore, this study was planned to use secondary data available from the Longitudinal Aging Study of India (LASI) to estimate the prevalence of arthritis and study its risk factors in older adults from India. We used data from the first wave of LASI, a national and state-level study of aging and health in India. Weighted prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for Arthritis was estimated in different age groups. We built unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models for identifying the risk factors associated with arthritis. We also evaluated the relationship between functional dependence and arthritis using a multivariable regression model. Overall, 9.36% of the Indian population aged 45 years or above had Arthritis. The prevalence was 7.49% and 11.03% in males and females respectively. Females are more at risk for arthritis as compared to males with an odds ratio of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.50, 1.69).  Age also was a significant risk factor with an adjusted odd ratio of 1.41 (95% CI: 1.31, 1.52).
Analysis of microarray data by genetic algorithm
Authors: Behera Narayan , Sinha Shruti , Srivastava Ankit K. , Hairat Suboot , Neha Neha , Prasanta Prasanta
Published: August 2022

Microarray gene expression data is used to understand the actions of thousands of genes. Just a few genes out of thousands have a significant impact in any cancer process. Finding these defective genes using experimental data is impractical. To locate the relevant genes, computational techniques are required. A method to identifying cancer candidate genes from microarray data is created. Clustering of similar genes is necessary to find co-expressed genes in different biological conditions. It is important to develop methods to find the few candidate genes for cancer. An optimization process is used for such purpose. A genetic algorithm employs the principles of evolution: selection, recombination, and mutation to solve an optimization problem. Mutual information is used to find the dependency between genes. The two genes are similar if their expression levels are comparable. The similarity as well as positive and negative correlations between genes is considered while clustering them. Interdependence measure tells how the genes are correlated. The genes responsible for a sick state have higher interdependence measures. These genes are defective genes having cancer diagnostic information. Here microarray gene expression datasets from gastric cancer and colon cancer from the public domain are considered.
Role of NGOs in the facilitation of cancer care access in Northeast India
Authors: Dindi Kuru
Published: August 2022

Background: The news of cancer often entails psychological and financial constraints on the patient and their caregivers. In India, the health systems are under tremendous load, with cancer services facing geographical, behavioural, economic and infrastructure challenges. In the backdrop of this, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) master to walk along with those facing a long and tumulus journey of cancer treatment by facilitating cancer care services. This paper examines the narratives of NGOs on their role and modus operandi in bringing ease of cancer care access. Method: By purposive sampling, four NGOs and six oncologists were interviewed in two cancer institutes in Northeast India, namely (i) Tomo Riba Institute of Health & Medical Sciences (TRIHMS) in Arunachal Pradesh and (ii) Dr B. Borooah Cancer Institute (BBCI) in Assam. A semi-structured interview schedule was used for the study, with data coded and transcribed verbatim on emerging themes. Requisite ethical clearances were received from the respective institutes. Results: Collaboration with the NGOs and cancer institutes has opened an array of ease of access for cancer patients. Such partnerships become indispensable, especially in the study area where socio-cultural diversity, infrastructural or psycho-social barriers could influence the timely treatment of cancer patients.
Assistant talking bot
Authors: Naveena A. , Korada Prakhya
Published: August 2022

Virtual assistants are increasingly finding ways to enter our homes and everyday lives, where they serve as powerful human-machine interfaces to control devices through natural language. A low cost and user-friendly Assistant Talking Bot (ATB) has been designed and developed that is employed by voice and after receiving a command, the robot will act according to the instruction and will be able to speak different sentences using a Bluetooth module and an APR33A3 recorder/playback module. Arduino IDE is the software interface for the modules connected to the arduino board and the commands thus acquired are interpreted and produced as output. The system, realized successfully, is a solution for people with physical disabilities as it facilitates easy access to help from people whenever required.
development of human capital, the knowledge management, and the operational efficiency of Thailand national sports university’s health promotion
Authors: To-aj Oam , Chudam Wongphat
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this research were to study the factor of developing the human capital and the knowledge management affecting the operational efficiency of Thailand national sport university’s health promotion, to determine the consistency of the pattern of developing the human capital, the knowledge management, and the operational efficiency, and to confirm the human capital development, the knowledge management, and the operational efficiency of Thailand national sports university’s health promotion. This study employed a mixed-method design. In the quantitative phase was characterized by an initial quantitative phase of data collection by the questionnaire with 304 participants by selecting through probability sampling with Multi-stage sampling, and analyzed with the descriptive statistic, including frequency, mean, standard deviation, confirmatory Factor Analysis: CFA, and structural equation model: SEM. In the qualitative phase, 5 key informants with the position of the high level management of Thailand national sports university participated in semi-structured interviews.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among ocular infection patient in Shahid Dr. Aso Hospital in Sulaimani City, Iraq
Authors: Karim Diyari Othman , Azeez Kamaran Hasan , Abdullah Younis Sabir
Published: August 2022

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes ocular toxoplasmosis with most complications such as developing eye lesions and impaired vision. During the period from October 2021 to April 2022, a total of 174 blood samples were taken from ocular infected patients whom visited Shahid Dr. Aso Hospital in Sulaimani City, Iraq. These samples were tested serologically for detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgG and IgM) with both imunochromatograhpy (rapid test) and ELISA. The serological test demonstrated that 63 IgG (36.2%) and 4 IgM (2.2%) were positive by rapid test imunochromatograhpy. While, 80 IgG (45.9%) and 2 IgM (1.1%) were positive by ELISA. Most of the infections (58.75%) were between 50-69 years old. All patients (80) were examined for intraocular toxoplasmosis lesion, only 10 patients (12.5%) including 2 males (2.5%) and 8 females (10%) had ocular toxoplasmosis lesions. Most of the lesions were scars (old type) while, in some patients they were active lesions. The types of lesions, numbers per each eye, lesion diameter and comparison with the IgG and IgM titers were demonstrated.
DOI Registrations for all Ghost Blogs
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: August 2022

This blog since earlier this month is no longer using a JAMStack setup but a regular Ghost setup using Ghost Pro for hosting. The primary driver were the new native search and native comments, but I needed to do a little bit of work to keep the DOI registration working.
Hyperadduction: A Pedagogic Approach for the 21st Century Voice Instructor
Authors: Seesholtz John
Published: August 2022

Speech pathology has long been the therapeutic route for treating hyperadductive speakers and individuals suffering from muscle tension dysphonia. In the twenty-first century, the pop genre has venerated an aesthetic that perpetuates hyperadductive practices. Voice teachers need to be prepared to assist a younger generation of singers that have become acclimated to these sounds and practices when singing these styles. Self-awareness, muscle-release lengthening and awareness stretches, laryngeal massage, neck-release and alignment, athletic-aspirated onset, silent inhalation, and SOVT exercises/practices are the chief tools for addressing this ongoing vocal trend and explained in this document. This article’s material was created to help voice teachers, in collaboration with voice health clinicians, address hyperadduction and muscle tension dysphonia.
Defining the Schwa for English, German, French, and Russian Lyric Diction
Authors: Montgomery Cheri
Published: August 2022

This article provides guidelines for defining the English, German, French, and Russian schwa. Pronunciation is based on spelling. Rules are verified through listening. Audio examples can be accessed by scanning the QR codes located throughout the article. A new method of charting vowels is included to help singers discover accurate formation of the defined schwa.
Can Earth as a Level 1 Civilization control Plate Tectonics and eliminate Earthquakes by harnessing the Energy of the Planet?
Authors: C J S Fourie
Published: August 2022

Globally, approximately 44 TW of geothermal heat is transferred through convection from the earth’s core to the surface. The largest portion of this heat (30 TW) is generated by radioactive decay in the core and mantle of the Earth. The difference (14 TW) indicates continuous cooling of the Earth, mainly through the oceans. The Kardashev Scale classifies a Type 1 civilization’s energy consumption to be estimated at 40 TW, capable of harnessing the energy of its planet. In comparison, earth’s electrical energy generation in 2019 was estimated at about 7.5TW. The Kardashev Scale was later modified and expanded by Ćirković and Michio Kaku to include an additional requirement that earth as a Type -1 civilization must control the crust of the planet (eliminate earthquakes). Research shows that the energy available within 80km on both sides of the 80000km long oceanic ridges of this planet is estimated at approximately 10TW. Indications from the only oceanic ridge geothermal harvesting example in Iceland are that it may delay large earthquakes, implying a reduction in crustal movement. If the future engineering and construction technology is advanced enough, it could be possible to harvest a significant amount of geothermal energy at oceanic ridges deep below the ocean’s surface and reduce seafloor spreading, which is one of the main drivers behind plate tectonics and earthquakes: - A benefit while harvesting a significant amount of clean renewable energy, the energy of the planet
Preface: 2022 International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Transportation (CEAT 2022)
Authors: Gaskell Rupert , Hu Xiaoyue
Published: August 2022

On the behalf of the organizing committee, the 2022 International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Transportation (CEAT 2022) was successfully held during June 11-12, 2022 in Xi'an, China. Due to the Covid-19 and travel restrictions, some scholars were linked with this event using online conference system and physical venues in different sponsors' universities.

Related exhibitors from research laboratories, industrialists and suppliers were invited to propose exhibitions and demonstrations. CEAT 2022 allows for the free exchange of ideas and challenges faced by these two key stakeholders and encourage future collaboration between members of these groups. The conference also fosters cooperation among organizations and researchers involved in the fields of civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, architecture design, urban planning, structural engineering and transportation.

We enjoyed 4 keynote speeches and many oral presentations made by the authors which lasted for 15-20 minutes each, and a lot of inspiration sparked during the Q&A parts. Researchers who have contributed their work to CEAT 2022 shared their findings and experience with other researchers and attendees. Many participants without any contribution of research paper have also been allowed to attend the conference to gain knowledge in their respective areas.

Within all contributions from the participants, less than 50 papers were final accepted from more than 70 submissions. Thanks to the dedication of every committee member and reviewer, we finally made this conference.

CEAT 2022 Conference Committee

Xi’an, China
A backfill construction technology for ultra-deep and ultra-narrow foundation trenches with high-early-strength soil cement
Authors: Liu Shipeng , Dong Jianping , Dong Xu
Published: August 2022

As the self-weight of superstructures becomes increasingly large, higher requirements are set for the foundation. Therefore, foundation pits become increasingly deep and foundation trenches are narrower, which puts forward stricter requirements for the backfill quality of foundation trenches. Based on a transportation hub project in the south square of a railway station, this study analyzed difficulties in backfilling deep foundation pits and ultra-deep and ultra-narrow foundation trenches and proposed to use high-early-strength soil cement as backfill materials of the above foundation trenches. Moreover, the preparation process of high-early-strength soil cement and supporting equipment were studied and key technologies for backfill construction were elaborated in detail. This can provide engineering practices and technical reference for similar projects.
Sedimentary Characteristics of Denglouku third member in the south of Shuangcheng area, Songliao Basin
Authors: Du Yuefeng , Yan Wenwen , Tong Xu , Jun Zhao , Liu Huinan , Li Sihan , Li Tingting
Published: August 2022

Based on sedimentary theory and high-resolution sequence stratigraphic theory, Denglouku third member in the south of Shuangcheng area is finely divided into a long-term reference surface cycle, 3 medium-term reference surface cycles and 20 short-term reference surface cycles. Denglouku third member is divided into three sand groups from top to bottom according to the medium-term reference surface cycles, and 6 layers, 6 layers, 8 layers in the groups respectively. Through fine observation of rock cores and data analysis of nearly one hundred wells, it is believed that alluvial fan facies, fluvial facies and delta facies are developed in the study area, which can be further divided into 6 subfacies and 12 microfacies. After the analysis to the plane distribution and vertical evolution characteristics of sedimentary facies, it is found that Denglouku third member in the south of Shuangcheng area shows a water-transgression sedimentary cycle from bottom to top which reflects the sedimentary process of water body gradually deepening.
Research Progress on Fatigue Reinforcement of Orthotropic Steel Deck
Authors: Jin Zhan , Li Zhijuan , Wang Junxi
Published: August 2022

In view of the currently widely-used orthotropic steel deck (OSD), the problems of fatigue damage of the bridges are summarized based on the analysis of OSD fatigue damage of the related research results. From two aspects: local reinforcement measures and integral reinforcement measures, this paper discusses the principles of some techniques in this field, as well as the existing advantages and deficiencies of each technique. This paper also provides suggestions and directions for future research: To establish and improve the industry standards of OSD fatigue, which is conducive to the innovation and development of related technologies; Multidimensional cooperation associated with other fields is conducted to explore new ideas and technologies for fatigue damage reinforcement of OSDs.
Digital Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of 3D-printing Concrete
Authors: Peng Guanhong
Published: August 2022

3d printed concrete technology is a hot research topic in the field of architecture. Printed by layers, the concrete could be stacked accurately in the shape which is digitally designed on computer programs. However, the conventional cement mortar is not suitable for 3D-printing, Because that its aggregate ingredients may cause the cracks in the process of printing. Moreover, the buildability and rheological properties of conventional mortar cannot reach the requirements of 3D-ptinting concrete technology. Ultra-high performance concrete is a developing category of material used in concrete structures and it is considered to be one of the most appropriate printing materials. As the popularization of computer technology, it is a necessary task to research on the digital construction way of concrete structures. And 3D-printing concrete technology combines the popular topics above together. This study mainly introduces the fabrication process of ultra-high performance concrete and digital printing process of 3D-printing concrete, and the mechanical properties of printed specimens are studied by the experimental results.
The Analysis of BIM Technology Applicated in Prefabricated Buildings
Authors: Jiang Qianyi , Wang Jingyi , Zhang Chenxin , Zhao Yijia
Published: August 2022

BIM technology is commonly applied in the prevalent trend of prefabricated buildings. The whole process of prefabricated building engineering may involve many units participating in it, which makes the process complex. This paper references and summarizes the BIM technology, with high efficiency in management and accuracy in simulation, and its software used in the prefabricated building engineering to simplify the project and make an illustration the whole life cycle. Meanwhile, the application of BIM technology in each process of prefabricated building engineering is also introduced in detail. The features of visualization and parameterization can help the participants work with better collaboration; simulation and coordination make the whole process become closely connected as well. This paper concludes with a summary of the characteristics of BIM technology, revealing that the predominance of BIM is inevitable in prefabricated building engineering.
Study on Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Detection in the Field of Civil Engineering
Authors: Sun Zehuan , Xia Yuming
Published: August 2022

Structural health monitoring and damage detection can help people avoid emergency casualties and take preventive measures, and it is very important in practical application. After consulting authoritative information, the structural health often affected by the surrounding environmental safety factors and structural safety factors. This paper begins with the harm of the inadequate building safety and the factors affecting building safety. To detect structural health problems and avoid many kinds of disasters, three monitoring methods have been mentioned, two new building safety detection methods and a damage detection scheme, called wireless sensor network subsystem, global navigation satellite system technology, and ultrasonic flaw detection technology. The principles of three methods are mainly expounded, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, by putting forward suggestions for future research prospects and giving some practical examples. Finally, it is concluded that wireless sensor network method is simple to achieve but the monitoring data is single; GNSS system has high precision but cannot be widely used; And ultrasonic flaw detection technology can detect steel damage single efficiency.
Investigation and Analysis of Sustainability of New Seismic Rammed Earth Buildings in Jinning County, Yunnan Province
Authors: Zhu Jiahang , Zhang Fuxia , Kong Lingqiong , Wang Jianxiong
Published: August 2022

With the promotion of “green building” and the concept of sustainable development, rammed earth architecture is receiving increasing attention. In this study, a practical study was conducted to critically assess whether the new rammed earth buildings in Dabaiyi Village, a demonstration site in Jinning County, Yunnan Province, whether meet the needs of local residents, whether they are environmental friendly and have good sustainability. The survey found that the modern rammed earth architecture in Jinning County is sustainable, even though it has deficiencies in team building, owner communication and floor plan layout.
Chain Reaction Risk Analysis Under Typhoon Influence
Authors: Huang Qitong , Lyu Chengxuan
Published: August 2022

In typhoon weather, the wind-born debris caused by the rupture of the glass curtain wall is the main reason for the large-scale damage to the glass curtain wall. This paper mainly discusses the accurate mathematical model of glass curtain wall damage rate under the probability of a typhoon attack, as well as the potential and expected value of losses caused by the typhoon of a skyscraper in Hong Kong. Results show that the output of the mathematical model is roughly normally distributed around the actual values which can approximately reflect the potential loss of a skyscraper in a strong typhoon. Discussion of the correlation of wind speed and height, the influence of the surrounding low-rise buildings, and the material of glass enhance the applicability of the results. Meanwhile, it is difficult to fully consider the complexity of the surrounding environment, which is the limitation of this study. However, this study can still benefit urban planning, architectural engineering, and insurance companies.
Epidemic Prevention Evaluation and Improvement Measures of Urban Hospitals: A Case Study of Two Wuhan Hospitals
Authors: Zhang Xinren , Ji Yulai , Shi Wangneng
Published: August 2022

These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for DRP. Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at DRP. Paper titles should be written in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "Nd-Fe-B"). Do not write “(Invited)” in the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. Put a space between authors’ initials. The abstract must be a concise yet comprehensive reflection of what is in your article. In particular, the abstract must be self-contained, without abbreviations, footnotes, or references. It should be a microcosm of the full article. The abstract must be between 100 - 300 words. Be sure that you adhere to these limits; otherwise, you will need to edit your abstract accordingly. The abstract must be written as one paragraph, and should not contain displayed mathematical equations or tabular material. The abstract should include three or four different keywords or phrases, as this will help readers to find it. It is important to avoid over-repetition of such phrases as this can result in a page being rejected by search engines. Ensure that your abstract reads well and is grammatically correct.
Evaluation And Suggestions Of The Environment And Facilities Of The Window Of Canton In The Epidemic Situation
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhou Yinglin
Published: August 2022

As a unique component of the urban greening system, waterfront green spaces play a crucial role in creating a healthy living environment and meeting urban residents' growing demand to be close to nature, especially during the COVID-19. This study takes the waterfront green space of the Window of Canton, a landmark building on the southcentral axis of Guangzhou as an example to evaluate the response of the environment and facilities to the epidemic situation, especially during the COVID-19, through thorough investigation and interview. The existing problems and reconstruction measures are put forward based on the investigation results. Results show that the Window of Canton has a pleasant environment but some limitations in epidemic protection. The functional zones including recreation areas, training and exercise areas, children's play areas, and rest and quiet areas are suggested to meet the needs of different groups of people. Moreover, species were increased to enhance the park's aesthetics and enrich people's visual experience. It is necessary to build a systematic epidemic prevention strategy and an integrated epidemic prevention system to ensure people's health during the epidemic period.
Caster Angle and Directional Stability of a Car Application to Sports Car
Authors: Wan Hengxu
Published: August 2022

Caster Angle is the Angle between the kingpin and the suspension system, as seen from the side of a car, locomotive, or bicycle. The front wheel often vibrates when the vehicle is running. When the caster Angle of the front wheel kingpin becomes larger, the shimmy will occur simultaneously, which will increase the possibility of vehicle instability. Appropriate alignment parameters may maintain stability of driving and handiness of operation, and automatic returnability of the steering system when vehicle goes on straight. The alignment parameters of wheel and the steering mechanism are very important factors on tire wear. Among these parameters, the caster angle of the car is one of the most important factors to maintain the stability of the car. Therefore, the topic of this study is the relationship between vehicle rearward Angle and vehicle driving stability. This study adopts Carsim modeling. It is concluded that as the caster angle increases, the car becomes more unstable when it is steered and less stable. While as the caster angle increases, the stability of the car increases when driving in a straight line.
The recent progress and state-of-art applications of aerodynamics for vehicle
Authors: Ji Rui , Shen Yinting , Sheng Kai
Published: August 2022

Transportation is an indispensable part of human beings’ daily life, thus plenty of scholars have focused on improving the energy efficiency of transportation. The application and development of aerodynamics is of paramount importance. In this article, the effects of three types of locomotives on aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains are investigated. In order to lucubrate this topic, the definition of aerodynamics by different scientists is firstly discussed and showed, they basically classify them by three different kinds of ways. Subsequently, the creation of aerodynamics, historical development, and present situation are briefly introduced. In the main part, mathematical model and calculation formula are carried out to ensure which kinds of aerodynamic model is the most suitable among all the designs. Overall, these results offer a guideline for how to design a more effective and practical train head by applying the aerodynamic knowledge and expanding people's use of aerodynamics.
The recent progress and state-of-art applications of aerodynamics for airplanes
Authors: Wang Yurou
Published: August 2022

In general, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and wind tunnel experiments are the two core and widely implemented approaches to aircraft design and testing. This paper summarizes current developments in terms of CFD and wind tunnels in aircraft design and engineering. Information retrieval and Literature analysis are employed in order to investigate the state-of-art approaches and applications. Specifically, computational investigation of static height stability and aerodynamics of ground effect vehicles is discussed. According to the analysis, the ground effect is important for improving the realism of piloted simulation and estimating key crosswinds. The analytical modelling helps for better pilot training on various flight simulators. Moreover, further studies focus on increasing the realism of CFD simulation results ought to be carried out. These results offer a guideline for the investigation of the feasibility of CFD and wind tunnel experiments.
Modification methods of soy protein adhesive and its application
Authors: Zhang Zeyu
Published: August 2022

Soybean protein adhesive is loved by the society because of its low price, simple preparation, non-toxicity to the environment and easy decomposition. However, the soybean protein adhesive itself is easy to crack when exposed to water, the viscosity is insufficient, and there are many changes in individual users. This research will describe several methods of modifying soy protein to enhance various properties of soy protein adhesives. The first method is heat treatment, which folds the molecules of the soy protein adhesive to strengthen it. The second is a cross-linking treatment that allows soy protein to form a network with other agents to enhance its structure through chemical bonds. The third is graft copolymerization, where other agents are grafted onto the soy protein adhesive to give it some good properties. The fourth is blending, where the soy protein adhesive is mixed with other adhesives so that the new homogeneous mixture has the properties of both adhesives. And with the development of these researches, application of the modified soybean protein adhesives is further introduced.
Preface: 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare and Disease Prevention (BEHDP 2022)
Authors: Obadiah Jean , Wang Heng
Published: August 2022

The 2022 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering Health Care and Disease Prevention (BEHDP 2022) was successfully held during May 28-29, 2022 as a virtual conference due to the growing concerns over the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19), and in order to protect the well-being of our attendees, partners, and staff as our number one priority.

BEHDP 2022 is an annual research conference dedicated to smart medicine and health that will bring together scientists, technologists, clinicians and professionals. Hospitals, health systems and pharmaceutical companies around the world are all under the same roof. This conference is supported by numerous universities and research institutes around the world. The focus of this conference is to establish an effective platform for institutions and industries to share ideas and to present the works of scientists, engineers, educators and students from all over the world. The organizing committee of conference is pleased to invite prospective authors to submit their original manuscripts.

BEHDP 2022 brought together more than 120 researchers in related fields and the conference was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q & A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. And in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-40 minutes to hold their speeches. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the sessions of the conference.

The BEHDP 2022 proceedings are a compilation of the accepted papers and represent an interesting outcome of the conference. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard. We would like to thank the organizing committee for their valuable inputs in shaping the conference program and reviewing the submitted papers.

The Conference Committee of BEHDP 2022

Xiamen, China
Treatment of Dental Flurosis with Cold Light Whitening
Authors: He Jiaqi
Published: August 2022

Dental fluorosis is a localized dental disease caused by excessive fluoride intake in childhood. It is characterized by chalky, brown patches or dark brown patches on enamel. The changes in the color and shape of the patient's teeth seriously affect the beauty and even cause psychological burden. To remedy it, a variety of therapeutic methods have been developed, and at present, cold light whitening technology is considered to be one of the most effective and relatively safe treatments. In this review, the etiology and pathogenesis of dental fluorosis, the mechanism of cold light whitening technology in the therapies of dental fluorosis, its effect on tooth surface structure and its therapeutic effect are summarized, and the latest progress in this field is summarized to provide a theoretical basis for clinicians.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors: the mechanisms, limitations, and improvements
Authors: Zhang Fangting
Published: August 2022

Cancer has been a huge public health concern for decades, with a high incidence and death rate. Traditional therapeutic methods are not effective enough, with many side effects. While immune checkpoint inhibitors, as immunotherapy, are thought to have the most promising future development, aiming at activating immunity against tumor cells for treatment. They worked by blocking immune checkpoints, for example, CTLA-4 and PD-1. These immune checkpoints control T cells expansion, terminate T-cell responses, thus are responsible for the evasion of cancer cells from the immune system, and the immune responses are suppressed and autoimmunity is prevented by them. Nevertheless, the optimal duration of treatment and resistance to it has not been fully understood. Furthermore, some patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy even suffer from immune-related adverse events. Fortunately, previous studies have stated several improvement aspects, including immune-modulatory medications to deal with immune-related adverse events, predictive biomarkers to judge whether the immune checkpoint inhibitors planned to use are more beneficial rather than harmful and monitor the response to treatment, as well as combination therapies, including the application of both two immune checkpoint inhibitors simultaneously, also the use of them in conjunction with molecular targeted therapy. This paper briefly introduced the mechanisms and effects of different checkpoints, for obtaining a clearer understanding of the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
CAR-T Immunotherapy to Beat Solid Tumors: From Challenges to Improvements
Authors: Li Chentao , Liu Ziming , Zhou Yue
Published: August 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy shows potential and guarantee for clinical application in solid tumor treatment, although a section of difficulties must be overcome. Compared with conventional antitumor therapies, the advantages of CAR-T cell treatment include high specificity, great killing power, and long-term effectiveness. But various difficulties in treating solid tumors by CAR-T immunotherapy include intracellular signaling of CARs, immune escape due to antigenic heterogeneity of malignant tumors, physical or cytokine barriers that prevent CAR-T cell entry or limit their persistence, tumor microenvironment of other immunosuppressive molecules, and side effects. This paper describes CAR-T immunotherapy's mechanisms, development, and applications and discusses the status, difficulties, solutions, and future directions of treating solid tumors by CAR-T immunotherapy.
The Development and Mechanism of Treatment of Depression
Authors: Chang Feiran , Kuang Xizhe , Liu Yinglin
Published: August 2022

Depression is a serious mental disorder that influence about 280 million people around the world. The risk factors that may cause depression include both genetic and environmental factors. Researchers have been long searching for treatments to depression. Patients with symptoms of depression are always treated by both psychic interventions and medical treatments. Although the underlying pathophysiology of depression is remained unclear, neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, are proved to be related to the symptoms of depression by clinical experiments. The first two antidepressants were iproniazid (classified as a monoamine-oxidase inhibitor), and imipramine (classified as a tricyclic antidepressant) in 1950s. More antidepressants using different mechanisms and with fewer side-effect and safety concerns were developed later. People divided those antidepressants into three categories by the order of development: 1) first-generation antidepressants, 2) second-generation antidepressants, and 3) third-generation antidepressants. Due to immature technology, drugs in the first-generation generally have more serious side-effect, more safety concerns, and more restrictions. Thus, second-generation antidepressants, which typically have less side-effect, are now more common in controlling the symptoms of depression. The third-generation antidepressants are still in development, but designed to be more effective with less side-effect. The paper reviews the medical treatments of depression in the order of these three generations.
Factors affecting utilization of healthcare services in Australia
Authors: Li Jixin , Li Yuze
Published: August 2022

The health care access rate can highly contribute to society’s living quality, and further influence the general labor productivity and economic growth of a country. However, the health expenditure per person in Australia is very high and not able to decrease immediately, which can gradually impact the proportion of people visiting health care services. Thus, it is important to reveal other important factors influencing health care utilization and seek solutions via the results. This study aimed to reveal the factors associated with the healthcare service utilization in Australia. We first hypothesized that insurance coverage will be the factor with the most contribution. The data, collected from the health survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 1978-1978, were analyzed via regression model and exploratory data analysis. Model comparison was also performed to receive a more accurate conclusion. The overall results showed that factors influencing health conditions, such as higher age, diseases affecting daily activities appeared to have the greatest relevance with utilization rate. Insurance is also a significant factor, but has a lower contribution compared to the health-related ones. The results can act as an important indicator in introducing policies in health care system and enhance citizen’s health conditions.
The Effects of Autoimmune Disease on the Women in the United States
Authors: Wang Yifei
Published: August 2022

Autoimmune illnesses occur when the immune system of the host mistakenly attacks itself. The immune system attacks numerous organs or a single organ in certain disorders, resulting in a systemic reaction. In accordance with the National Institutes of Health, an autoimmune disease impacts up to 23.5 million Americans (almost 7% of the population), and the number of cases keeps increasing. In the U. S., autoimmune disorders are one of the main causes of mortality for youthful and middle-aged females. Approximately 8% of the US population is impacted by autoimmune diseases, with women accounting for 78% of those affected. In this review paper, the cause of the autoimmune diseases, the reason why autoimmune diseases are so prevalent among females, and some existing treatments for these diseases will be introduced. By introducing the basic information on autoimmune diseases and evaluating existing treatments, more people would have a better understanding about these diseases and focus on developing more effective treatments.
The Possibility of Preventing the Mutation of SARS-Cov2 Virus
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Zhong Haoran
Published: August 2022

Since the beginning of 2020, SARS-Cov2 virus has become prevalent, and the virus has varied many times. Even though people paid their most effort to develop the vaccine and specific medicine stuff to fight against this pandemic, the virus seems unstoppable and drives the whole world into a worse situation. Human is facing an unprecedented catastrophe. This article claims the possibility to cease the mutation of the COVID virus in the biological and social aspects. The pathology part states why the virus mutates and how to stop the variation of SARS-Cov2. For the society part, the article tries to talk about the different economic situations and policies to stop the pandemic globally. So this article will get the possibility to cease the mutation of COVID-19 with a comprehensive discussion.
The Relationship Between Insomnia and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Nie Yuqi , Tian Zouyang
Published: August 2022

The microbiota in the gut is a big and complicated biological community， which can not only affect the integrity of the intestinal barrier through metabolism and regulate the function, but also have an impact on the nervous system's development and emotional health through the microbe-brain-gut axis network. In modern life, overtime work and day and night reversal have brought about sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm disorders, which have become a common phenomenon and continue to affect human health. This article systematically describes the relationship connecting the intestinal flora and insomnia, investigate the gut microbiota's role in insomnia, summarize the current research status on how to treat insomnia by regulating gut microflora, and finally summarize and outlook the research on the interrelationship between insomnia and gut microflora.
Effects of Caloric Restriction on Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Qi Yue
Published: August 2022

The goal of a calorie-restricted diet is to improve one's health, extend one's lifespan, slow down the aging process, and ward off metabolic and age-related diseases. Changes in food can have a substantial impact on the balance of good bacteria and harmful bacteria in the gut, as research has revealed that gut microorganisms play a key role in health, aging, and illness. Calorie control is one of the most common dietary interventions, and its effect is mainly achieved by the microbial regulation in the intestinal tract. Different calories also affect the composition and metabolism of intestinal microbiota. This paper discusses probiotics, proinflammatory microorganisms, butyrate producing bacteria, amino acid producing microbes and so on, and points out the effect of food composition on intestinal microbiota and the metabolism of intestinal microbiota.
Analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of young acute myocardial infarction
Authors: He Shupeng , Tian Xiaoyu , Xian Ruizi , Zhao Jing
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for the development of young acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: A number of 196 AMI patients (31 young patients and 165 older patients) were enrolled in the study. The clinical characteristics in young AMI patients were explored by comparing their baseline characteristics, imaging  features and serological results. The risk factors were tested by logistics regression analysis. RESULTS: The younger AMI patients were more likely to have hyperlipidaemia (67.74% vs. 36.97%, P=0.002), a family history of coronary heart disease and hyperlipidaemia (29.03% vs. 12.12%, P=0.025) (51.61% vs. 18.79%, P<0.001), (54.84% vs. 35.15%, P=0.045) (61.29% vs. 34.55%, P=0.008). The proportion of alcohol and tobacco use were higher in younger AMI group. More severe anterior descending lesions involvement (77.42% vs. 46.06%, P=0.002) and a higher Gensini scores (62.23±16.80) vs. (53.00±18.58), P=0.011) were found in CTA imagines of younger AMI patients. The triglyceride levels were also significantly higher in younger AMI patients (2.55±1.59) vs. (1.67±0.79), P=0.005). A family history of hyperlipidaemia, Gensini score, IL-6 and triglycerides were risk factors for young AMI patients. CONCLUSION: Poor lifestyle management and family history were risk factors for the AMI development in young patients.
Meta-analysis of PiCCO monitoring and guiding the use of vasoactive drugs in the treatment of septic shock patients
Authors: Pan Zitong
Published: August 2022

As a clinical monitoring method, PiCCO has been widely used in the monitoring of patients with septic shock in recent years. However, it has not been concluded whether PiCCO has more clinical advantages than traditional central venous pressure monitoring. In this paper, 868 literatures were collected through meta-analysis, and 3 literatures meeting the inclusion criteria were screened according to the exclusion criteria set in advance, and a total of 5 studies were obtained.Statistical analysis is conducted by Revman5.4 software provided by Cochrane, and the conclusion is as follows: PICCO monitoring technology can significantly reduce the use of vascular active drugs for patients with purulent septic shock, among which norepinephinxin Z=9.09（P <0.00001), dopamine Z = 4.92 (P <0.00001). Therefore, we recommend using Picco technology clinically.
The discovery of PAXLOVID in Covid-19 treatment
Authors: He Shi
Published: August 2022

Covid-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, has become one of the most numbers of death pandemic in the human history. After the early stage of treatment of Covid-19 which did not have so many methods to cure and prevent the severe disease, some more drugs and vaccines are able to help patients in some degree. In the 21th December 2021, Food and Drug Administration had approved PAXLOVID for emergency use authorisation and approved the use in the European Union. This report was going to introduce PAXLOVID which is the latest oral drug in the world. The program of PAXLOVID was started at 16th march 2020 and had gone through pre-clinical study and phase 1 in the clinical study. The research had shown that PAXLOVID had high absorbance in the human body, safety and efficiency. The data supported sufficient evidence that PAXLOVID in emergency.
T Recent advances of FDA-approved CAR-T therapies in multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhang Yuhan
Published: August 2022

For a long time, malignant blood cancers faced great difficulty in development of successful treatments due to their mobility and evasive nature. Of these conditions, multiple myeloma (MM) is an untreatable cancer due to its highly relapsing and refractory nature, which will eventually dissipate all efforts in controlling the disease. Previous treatments only control the progression of myeloma to an extent and prolong patients’ lives shortly. Thus, multiple myeloma patients are in dire need of new treatment options to prevent or postpone the eventual relapse. The discovery and development of CAR-T therapy show promising results for MM treatment. Recently approved therapies by the FDA, Abecma and Carvykti, displayed high response rates with low relapses in patients who underwent the drug trials. However, therapeutic applications of CAR-T have encountered various obstacles. The treatment is largely associated with cytokine release syndrome and other adverse events, ranging from systematic to organ toxicities. In addition, specificity and cost are pressing issues that seek solutions. Despite difficulties, many CAR-T options targeting MM are under active research and investigation. With further development and optimization in additional drug trials, the application of CAR-T therapy can offer a new approach to controlling multiple myeloma for those suffering from drug resistance.