bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
methodology for identifying time-trend patterns
Authors: Košmelj Katarina , Žabkar Vesna
Published: December 2021

The aim of our study is to reveal different time-trend patterns in the ratio of advertising expenditure to gross domestic product for 28 European countries in the 1994–2004 period. To fulfil the objective, we applied two multidimensional statistical approaches: cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling for time-varying data, followed by linear regression analysis of the time-series within the clusters. A proximity matrix was calculated using the dissimilarity between two time series, which takes into account the order of time points, the information on the fixed time points, and the weights. We identified four clusters of countries with similar trend patterns in the 1994–2004 period: awakening countries, stable countries, catching-up countries, and the leading cluster.
Impact of fixed choice design on blockmodeling outcomes
Authors: Žnidaršič Anja
Published: December 2021

The main goal of blockmodeling is to reveal the essential structure of the network based on patterns of relationships. Social network data usually contain different types of errors and one of them is caused by some limitation of number of selected actors in the research design. The impact of fixed choice design compared to free choice design on the results of blockmodeling are studied through simulations. The resulting blockmodels are compared with two indices where position membership of actors and the structure of the blockmodels are examined. Limiting the number of actors that can be selected has an impact on delineated blockmodel structure where the deletion of ties has higher effect than addition of them.
Mixture modelling of DSM-IV-TR paranoid personality disorder criteria in a general population sample
Authors: Devine Sharon , Bunting Brendan , McCann Siobhan , Murphy Sam
Published: December 2021

Complications in the research into personality disorders may be rooted in the assumption within psychiatric diagnosis that underlying constructs are measured with equally valid observed items without rank or recognition of measurement error. The aim of this paper is to investigate the internal validity of DSM-IV (APA, 2000) paranoid personality disorder while accounting for measurement error and the continuous and categorical nature of the construct. General population data from the British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (Singleton et al., 2001) was obtained from the Data Archives, University of Essex, England. Information from individuals with responses in the paranoid personality disorder section (n = 8393) of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II; First et al., 1997) screening questionnaire was analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), item response theory (IRT), latent class analysis (LCA) and latent class factor analysis (LCFA) mixture modelling. Results indicated that a one-factor model adequately represented the data, and that all items had reasonable factor loadings. However IRT analysis indicated that only four of the seven criteria discriminate well between individuals along different points of the underlying continuum. LCA and LCFA provided another perspective on the evaluation of paranoid personality disorder and indicated the presence of four underlying sub-populations. This is useful in terms of clinical and primary health settings as specific groups of interest can be investigated further in terms of characteristics, covariates and predictors.
Testing two theories for generating signed networks using real data
Authors: Doreian Patrick , Mrvar Andrej
Published: December 2021

Multiple social processes generate social network structures. We use relaxed structural balance, a generalization of classic structural balance, to facilitate a direct comparative test of two social psychological theories regarding network generation. One is structural balance theory. The other concerns differential popularity. These theories predict distinctive signed blockmodels. We use two well known empirical temporal signed data sets presenting an opportunity for comparing the two theories in terms of their predictions about blockmodel representations of these networks. The results provide strong support for differential popularity, differential disliking, and mutual disliking within a subset of actors. While there is evidence that structural balance was also operating, it seems the lesser process for the data used in these tests. We also examine the unequal distributions of receiving positive and negative ties. Both tend to become more unequal over time. Suggestions for future research are provided.
distance based measure of data quality
Authors: Král’ Pavol , Sobíšek Lukáš , Stachová Mária
Published: December 2021

Data quality can be seen as a very important factor for the validity of information extracted from data sets using statistical or data mining procedures. In the paper we propose a description of data quality allowing us to characterize data quality of the whole data set, as well as data quality of particular variables and individual cases. On the basis of the proposed description, we define a distance based measure of data quality for individual cases as a distance of the cases from the ideal one. Such a measure can be used as additional information for preparation of a training data set, fitting models, decision making based on results of analyses etc. It can be utilized in different ways ranging from a simple weighting function to belief functions.
How to survey education for cross-national comparisons
Authors: Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik Jürgen , Warner Uwe
Published: December 2021

Social surveys collect information on socio-demographic characteristics of respondents eligible for the interview. Among others, the highest attained level of education is one of the variables explaining the respondent's social and political comportment, the interviewee's human values and orientations, the transition from school to work, the position in the labor force and its segments, the social and economic behavior of the individual actor and structural inequalities in modern societies. Manifold strategies to operationalize the qualification and education variables during interviews can be observed in social surveys. They differ in the underlying latent concept captured, the ranking and classifying of levels into categories and clusters, the degree of classification and measurement details and finally the capabilities of comparison across time and across nations and cultures. The measurement of education for comparative research across countries is a complex task. The national systems of education and schooling are differently organized across the nations. Altogether four different types of school and training systems can be identified in Europe. In this paper we will sort the national certificates from general and vocational schools into one matrix, the newly developed Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik/Warner-matrix of education. This matrix allows us to compare the highest level of education a person has reached, as a combination of general and vocational education and useable for a person to obtain a starting position on the labor market. This article discusses those measurement instruments normally used in international comparative surveys and introduces the Hoffmeyer- Zlotnik/Warner-matrix of education, contrasting this matrix with the other established measurement instruments. To demonstrate the validity of our matrix, we show the advantages of our matrix exemplified in one case from nations out of the four types of different educational systems: Germany, Luxembourg, Denmark, and France.
Relationships between adolescents' and parents' values and parents' answering behaviour
Authors: Casas Ferran , Coenders Germà , Figuer Cristina , González Mònica , Malo Sara
Published: December 2021

In this paper we set out a confirmatory factor analysis model relating the values adolescents and their parents aspire to for the child's future. We approach a problem when collecting parents' answers and analysing paired data from parents and their child: the fact that in some families only one parent answers, while in others both meet to answer together. In order to account for differences between one-parent and two-parent responses we follow a multiple group structural equation modelling approach. Some significant differences emerged between the two and one answering parent groups. We observed only weak relationships between parents' and children's values.
Some notes about efficiency balanced block designs with repeated blocks
Authors: Ceranka Bronisław , Graczyk Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

Various problems for a class of efficiency balanced block designs based on balanced incomplete block designs with repeated blocks are considered.
Estimating the coefficient of asymptotic tail independence
Authors: Ferreira Marta
Published: December 2021

Many multivariate analyses require the account of extreme events. Correlation is an insufficient measure to quantify tail dependence. The most common tail dependence coefficients are based on the probability of simultaneous exceedances. The coefficient of asymptotic tail independence introduced in Ledford and Tawn (1996) is a bivariate measure often used in the tail modeling of data in finance, environment, insurance, among other fields of applications. It can be estimated as the tail index of the minimum component of a random pair with transformed unit Pareto marginals. The literature regarding the estimation of the tail index is extensive. Semiparametric inference requires the choice of the number k of the largest order statistics that lead to the best estimate, where there is a tricky trade-off between variance and bias. Many methodologies have been developed to undertake this choice, most of them applied to the Hill estimator (Hill, 1975). We are going to analyze, through simulation, some of these methods within the estimation of the coefficient of asymptotic tail independence. We also compare with a minimum-variance reduced-bias Hill estimator presented in Caeiro et al. (2005). A pure heuristic procedure adapted from Frahm et al. (2005), used in a different context but with a resembling framework, will also be implemented. We will see that some of these simple tools should not be discarded in this context. Our study will be complemented by applications to real datasets.
Imputation algorithm using copulas
Authors: Käärik Ene
Published: December 2021

In this paper the author demonstrates how the copulas approach can be used to find algorithms for imputing dropouts in repeated measurements studies. One problem with repeated measurements is the knowledge that the data is described by joint distribution. Copulas are used to create the joint distribution with given marginal distributions. Knowing the joint distribution we can find the conditional distribution of the measurement at a specific time point, conditioned by past measurements, and this will be essential for imputing missing values. Using Gaussian copulas, two simple methods for imputation are presented. Compound symmetry and the case of autoregressive dependencies are discussed. Effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested via series of simulations and results showing that the imputation algorithms based on copulas are appropriate for modelling dropouts.
empirical likelihood ratio based comparative study on tests for normality of residuals in linear models
Authors: Marange Chioneso , Qin Yongsong
Published: December 2021

The application of goodness-of-fit (GoF) tests in linear regression modeling is a common practice in applied statistical sciences. For instance, in simple linear regression the assumption of normality of residuals is always necessary to test before making any further inferences. The growing popularity of the use of powerful and efficient empirical likelihood ratio (ELR) based GoF tests in checking for departures from normality in various continuous distributions can be of great use in checking for distributional assumptions of residuals in linear models. Motivated by the attractive properties of the ELR based GoF tests the researchers conducted an extensive Type I error rate assessment as well as a Monte Carlo power comparison of selected ELR GoF tests with well-known existing tests against symmetric and asymmetric alternative OLS and BLUS residuals. Under the simulated scenarios, all the studied tests have good control of Type I error rates. The Monte Carlo experiments revealed the superiority of the ELR GoF tests under certain alternatives of both the OLS and BLUS residuals. Our findings also demonstrated the superiority of OLS over BLUS residuals when one is testing for normality in simple linear regression models. A real data study further revealed the applicability of the ELR based GoF tests in testing normality of residuals in linear regression models.
Assessing the demand level of survey questionnaires
Authors: Hlebec Valentina , Rozman Miha
Published: December 2021

In this paper meta-analyses of experiments in question form and wording are presented. The demand level of survey questionnaires as perceived by respondents (Slovenian Housing Survey, 2005) was measured by a single question, which was varied in its question form and wording. Each respondent answered one version of the question in a split ballot experimental design. Multiple Classification Analysis was used to evaluate the effects of the question wording experiments and of respondent's characteristics (age and education) on the demand level of the survey as perceived by respondents. Results show that the terms "survey" and "survey questions on average" are equivalent to all respondents, and that the term "demanding" is understood and used differently by older respondents than the term "difficult". Formal balance has no effect on the estimated level of difficulty of the survey for respondents; however, labeling of extreme values has a strong effect on the estimated level of difficulty in the Housing survey.
Some new construction methods of variance balanced block designs with repeated blocks
Authors: Ceranka Bronisław , Graczyk Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

Some new construction methods of the variance balanced block designs with repeated blocks are given. They are based on the specialized product of incidence matrices of the balanced incomplete block designs.
Do transformation methods matter?
Authors: Hudrlíková Lenka , Kramulová Jana
Published: December 2021

The general aim of a multitude of research projects is to assess a social, economic or environmental process or phenomenon by various indicators that are often measured in different units. In such situations, the data transformation and/or normalisation are inevitable. The present paper focuses on benefits and drawbacks of different normalisation methods. Further, it compares the results produced by several methods from the consistency and quality of the measurement perspective. The case of Czech NUTS 3 regions sustainability indicators is introduced. The authors employ 40 indicators divided into three sustainability pillars, attempting to conclude which method is the most suitable for further statistical analysis under the preference of dimensionless numbers.
Robustness of the Fisher's discriminant function to skew-curved normal distribution
Authors: Sever Maja , Lajovic Jaro , Rajer Borut
Published: December 2021

Discriminant analysis is a widely used multivariate technique with Fisher's discriminant analysis (FDA) being its most venerable form. FDA assumes equality of population covariance matrices, but does not require multivariate normality. Nevertheless, the latter is desirable for optimal classification. To test FDA's performance under non-normality caused by skewness the method was assessed with simulation based on a skew-curved normal (SCN) distribution belonging to the family of skew-generalised normal distributions; additionally, effects of sample size and rotation were evaluated. Apparent error rate (APER) was used as the measure of classification performance. The analysis was performed using ANOVA with (transformed) mean APER as the dependent variable. Results show the FDA to be highly robust to skewness introduced into the model via the SCN distributed simulated data.
blockmodeling
Authors: Matjašič Miha , Cugmas Marjan , Žiberna Aleš
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the R package blockmodeling which is primarily meant as an implementation of generalized blockmodeling (more broadly blockmodeling) for valued networks where the values of the ties are assumed to be measured on at least interval scale. Blockmodeling is one of the most commonly used approaches in the analysis of (social) networks, which deals with the analysis of relationships or connections, between the units studied (e.g., peoples, organizations, journals etc.). The R package blockmodeling implements several approaches for the generalized blockmodeling of binary and valued networks. Generalized blockmodeling is commonly used to cluster nodes in a network with regard to the structure of their links. The theoretical foundations of generalized blockmodeling for binary and valued networks are summarized in the paper while the use of the R package blockmodeling is illustrated by applying it to an empirical dataset.
PhD students' research group networks
Authors: Coromina Lluís , Capó Aina , Coenders Germà , Guia Jaume
Published: December 2021

This article examines the networks within the research groups where Spanish PhD students are pursuing their doctorate. Capó et al. (2007) used quantitative data to predict PhD students' publishing performance from their background, attitudes, supervisors' performance and research group networks. Variables related to the research group network had a negligible explanatory power on student performance once the remaining variables had been accounted for. In this article, a qualitative follow-up of the same students is carried out using extreme case sampling and in-depth interviews. The qualitative research shows networking as important for students. Out of the 115 aspects that students mention in the interviews as relevant to publishing in the qualitative research, 92 have to do with their supervisors, their research group or their network as a whole. Similarly, out of the 50 hindrances mentioned, 20 have to do with the networks or relations. The most commonly mentioned network-related topics are research group members pushing PhD students to publish, meeting researchers outside the research group, existence of other PhD students in the group, help with the PhD from group members, supervisor's interest in the thesis, the possibility of discussing with experts on the PhD's topic and frequent contact with the supervisor and research group members. Some of these characteristics were not, however, measured in the conventional quantitative social network survey.
Improved parameter estimation in Rayleigh model
Authors: Mahdi Smail
Published: December 2021

In this paper we describe and present results on the parameter point estimation for the scale and threshold parameters of the Rayleigh distribution. Five estimating methods have been investigated, namely, the maximum likelihood, the method of moment, the probability weighted moments method, the least square method and the least absolute deviation method. Modified maximum likelihood estimators for the parameters are also proposed. Simulation studies have shown that the modified likelihood estimator outperforms the estimators obtained with the other methods except in the case of very small samples.
How to improve statistical literacy?
Authors: Ferligoj Anuška
Published: December 2021

In the first part of the paper current initiatives and latest publications with several ideas and good practices for improving statistical literacy are highlighted. In the second part some recommendations for the main actors dealing with statistics are offered. These actors are: educational institutions, statistical offices and other statistical institutions, statistical societies and media. It is pointed out that the cooperation of these actors is essential for improving statistical literacy.
Catching the light: Finding words for grief with Lewis, Didion and Woolf
Authors: Davis Brooke
Published: December 2021

When my dad said, ‘You’re going to get some very bad news here, so you have to prepare yourself,’ I began to understand the word grief. For most of the 20th century, grief was categorised by stage models and binaries, and described as a process that eventually ends. Philosopher Thomas Attig, however, contributesto a “new wave” of grief theory that dismisses these interpretations as reductive. He describes grief as a process of ‘relearning the world of ourexperience’. As I go about doing just that, ‘relearning the world’ without my mother in it, I rely on Joan Didion’s The Year of Magical Thinking, Virginia Woolf’s life and work, and CS Lewis’s A Grief Observed to show me the way. I find a common thread in the feeling of being pushed to the social margins when grieving. I ask, where is the space for grief, if – as Philippe Ariès has suggested–Western culture subscribes to a ‘social obligation’ to strive for happiness? With the help of these three writers from three different eras, I learn that grief does not, in fact, end; and suggest that, as grieving writers, we may have access to a culturally accepted space for grief that the general population does not.
Alcohol and the writing process
Authors: Krauth Nigel
Published: December 2021

The relationship between alcohol and creativity has been the focus of research and publication since the mid-twentieth century. Experimental research has been undertaken in only a handful of medical and psychological studies; more numerous biographical accounts of alcoholic creative artists have been popular; and creative artists themselves have produced confessional autobiographical works. This paper surveys particularly the research on writers, and a range of biographies about writers who use alcohol. Then it looks at what writers themselves say about the involvement of alcohol in the creative process.
Springsteen, six muses and me: Music and the writing process
Authors: Fraser Zoe
Published: December 2021

This article recounts the journey I took to explore how a prose writer draws inspiration from music and lyrics, as opposed to the traditional sources of written texts in books. Dancing in the Dark , my ‘prose album’ based on Bruce Springsteen’s record album Born to Run, appropriates and reworks Springsteen’s universal themes and female characters. It fleshes out untold stories suggested by Springsteen’s songs, amplifies the voice of a girl locked inthe push-pull of staying safe in the house versus being free on the open road, and is juxtaposed to the traditional unquestioning masculine freedom quintessential in Springsteen’s lyrical terrain. Along the way in my writing process, I was accompanied by six Muses. Sylvia Plath, Dorothy Porter, Mary Fallon, Vicki Viidikas, Julia Kristeva and Marguerite Duras were my driving companions.
Authors, copyright and the digital evolution
Authors: Cantatore Franci
Published: December 2021

Copyright law has been constantly evolving in response to economic demands, in an attempt to balance utilitarian principles with the changing times and technological advances. However, unprecedented advances in technology have challenged legislature globally and are having a disruptive effect on traditional publishing models and the copyright provisions that underpin them. It is in this uncharted terrain that authors and publishers find themselves, with the legislature adopting a reactive position, trying to deal with copyright infringement problems as they present themselves on the one hand, and accommodating public demand for access to creative works on the other. This article focuses on the challenges presented by such a transitional environment from Australian authors’ perspectives and considers how the development of a digital publishing arena has impacted on authors’ copyright expectations. These findings are based on responses obtained from 156 published Australian authors in a national online survey and 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews with authors and publishers. In gathering and interpreting the views, opinions and impressions of those most affected by copyright, copyright structures and the changing publishing industry, the research aimed toprovide new insights into Australian copyright in written works. Significantly, the findings provide a snapshot of Australian authors’ perspectives on copyright issues at a pivotal point in history when authors find themselves between the old and the new, grappling with the realities of traditional expectations and digital advances in publishing.
Who Speaks? Torture and the Ethics of Voice
Authors: Richardson Michael
Published: December 2021

This paper performs, in three movements, an exploration of the ethics not of torture itself but of writing it creatively. First movement: of the right to write. This first movement considers ethical questions of authorship in the fictional narration of the trauma of torture. It employs Giorgio Agamben’s work on biopower and testimony to position the act of writing creatively about torture in relation to torture’s political project and the subjection of the body to sovereign power, along with a reading of torture as affective encounter, to suggest the necessity of writing literary testimony to it. Second movement: of writing the torturer’s voice. The second movement draws on Deleuzian affect theory toarticulate a relational conception of this trauma that suggests, however distasteful, the need for the torturer’s voice to be heard beyond the torture chamber. Third movement: of being affected by unjust ethics. This third movement draws on concepts of affective contagion to gestures back towards the experience of being affected by writing unjust ethics. With their twists and turns, their connections and discontinuities, these movements navigate –necessarily incompletely – the messy complexities of the ethical space of voice in the writing of torture.
First Re-Os age dating of molybdenite from Babyak Mo-Ag-Au-W-Bi-base metal deposit: evidence for Early Eocene fertile magmatic-hydrothermal system in Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Authors: Stavrev Milen , Creaser Robert , Peytcheva Irena , Hikov Atanas , Chavdarova Silvia
Published: December 2021

The study presents first Re-Os age data of molybdenite from the region at Babyak Mo-Ag-Au-W-Bi-base metal deposit, in combination with electron microprobe and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry results for molybdenite aggregates. The Re-Os geochronology of the analyzed samples defines age at 52.6 ± 0.2 to 53 ± 0.2 Ma of the ore-forming process in the Babyak area. It marks a distinct fertile Early Eocene event in the Cretaceous-Paleogene evolution of the Rila-West Rhodopes batholith.
Programas de integridad en el mercado de capitales argentino: estado de situación al 2020
Authors: Panario Centeno Maria Marta , D¨ Onofrio Paula Alejandra
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer la situación actual en la implementación de programas de integridad, códigos de ética y líneas de denuncia y transparencia en las empresas del mercado de capitales argentino. Para ello se realizó un estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo de la información contenida en las páginas web institucionales de 200 empresas. Los datos que surgen del relevamiento efectuado muestran que la divulgación de programas de integridad y políticas anticorrupción es baja (22 %) y que existe mayor información sobre sus códigos de ética y conducta (49,5 %) y líneas de denuncia (28 %). Considerando que resulta esencial para las partes interesadas tener información completa e íntegra, entendemos que es a partir de la página web de cada entidad la vía con mayores posibilidades de difusión. Los datos arrojados por el relevamiento evidencian que en Argentina es necesario elevar los niveles de transparencia de la información en las entidades cotizadas.
Elements of comparative criminal law regarding the crime of creating a criminal organization with a terrorist character
Authors:   Academia ”Ștefan cel Mare” a Ministerului Afacerilor Interne, Republica Moldova, Cazacicov Andrei , Darii Inga ,   Judecătoria Buiucani, Republica Moldova
Published: December 2021

Lately, the international community is facing serious threats to security and world order, which is expressed through new forms of crime, especially in its organized and terrorist aspect. According to the criminal legislation of the Republic of Moldova, the purpose of committing one or more terrorist offenses determines the aggravation of criminal liability for the creation or management of a criminal organization, which contrasts against the background of the legislative provisions of other states. In the study, the comparative method of examining the criminal laws of other states was used as a priority. At the same time, in addition to the method of logical analysis and case study, the prospective method of studying law with reference to current trends in the evolution of legal and criminal norms has been widely applied. The study is oriented towards the comparative analysis of the norm stipulated in article 284, para. (2) Penal Code, in the light of the criminal laws of the neighboring states (Russian Federation, Ukraine, Romania), which allows highlighting the existing gaps, general tendencies of incrimination and the possibilities of perfecting the national normative framework. In addition, the improvement of the national normative framework, harmonized with that of the neighboring states, offers wide possibilities in the field of international legal cooperation in criminal matters, which determines repercussions on all areas of social life in the state.
Offense of organizing illegal migration: subjective side of the offense in relation to the victim’s consent
Authors:   Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, Cojocari Ion
Published: December 2021

The prosecution of a person who has committed a prejudicial act is a priority of the state to protect a public interest, or to defend a fundamental right for which the state has commitments to respect. This article identifies the mental attitude of the subject of the crime towards the prejudicial act of organizing illegal migration. The article also elucidates the extent to which the migrant, who is the victim of the crime, is directed by the perpetrator. Also, attention is drawn to the purpose and motive of the crime. In the same context, it is analyzed what impact the victim’s consent has on the commission of the crime. In the author’s opinion, the analysis of the organization of illegal migration through the prism of its distinct elements plays a fundamental role for the legislation of the Republic of Moldova. It is concluded that the Moldovan legislator must introduce in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova the phrase “migrants’ trafficking”, in exchange for the current one of “organizing illegal migration”. This conclusion is based on the social requirement to protect the rights and interests of migrants. Thus, the Moldovan authorities will be able to identify the authentic purpose pursued by the perpetrator when violating human values and freedoms (the authorities will make a clear distinction between trafficking of human beings and trafficking of migrants).
Juvenile crime: causes and consequences
Authors:   Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, Cebotari Olesea
Published: December 2021

Juvenile criminality has always been of a great interest as a phenomenon. This fact can be explained as like the young people are the reserves of humanity, On it depends the continuity of development of the entire society. But the crimes made by juveniles prove that they are characterized by the negative socialization, unsatisfactory education and because of this their integration In the social life increase a lot of problems. More than that, Juvenile criminality is an index of the degradation of the society. Studying the problems of juvenile delinquency, as well as general crime, requires consideration of the concrete situation - political and socio-economic, on the background of which criminogenic processes are formed and developed. Unfortunately, we must recognize that the current political and socio-economic background clearly negatively influences the youth environment, including adolescents. A constant trend towards the worsening economic living conditions of most of the country’s population, including minor children, leads to an increase in the level of psycho-emotional overload and the intensification of the crisis in family relationships. In turn, these circumstances contribute to the emergence of child neglect as a social phenomenon.
The legal particularities of the bank deposits’ accounting
Authors:   Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova, Melnic Georgeta
Published: December 2021

The article encompasses the description of the bank deposits’ characteristics and the analysis of the legal particularities of their accounting. In the first part of the article, the bank’s functions are described, in particular, the bringing in of deposits. Thus, the bank’s role, which defines it, is in ensuring the economic funding by practicing brokerage, by collecting the untouched funds placed as deposits, by processing deposits and by putting the funds to use with loans, this role is achieved in the context of a diversity of heterogeneous activities, many of them being of the non-banking sectors. Therefore, a bank’s main function is the constitution and the usage of bank deposits, the last one representing the main form of mobilization of capital and savings available for the short-term, belonging to legal entities and to individuals. Furthermore, the deposits evolution’s analysis of the first semester of 2021, in the Republic of Moldova, is presented. In the second part of the article, the legal particularities of the bank deposits’ accounting is examined. At last, on the basis of the investigations that were carried out, certain conclusions and recommendations, which would contribute to the bettering of the bank deposits’ accounting, are devised.
Profile of detention institutions for the implementation of measures and custodial sentences
Authors:   Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, Cojocaru Vladimir
Published: December 2021

Given that penal punishment is applied for the purpose of restoring social equity, correction and resocialization of the convict, as well as deterrence of further crime, it becomes imperative that penal enforcement measures are tailored according to both the specific features of the punishment and the individual characteristics of the convict. Therefore, the system of prison sentence enforcement faces a complex task because deprivation of liberty, by its nature, imposes a range of restrictions and limitations. In the process of enforcing prison punishments, there is a risk that punishment measures might cause physical damage and even downgrade the dignity of the convicted person. This article aims to analyse the current situation in the prison administration system in areas that regard the implementation of the legal provisions on prisoners’ placement according to types of prisons and regimes. Moreover, the paper identifies gaps in the legal frameworks and formulates proposals for addressing the pinpointed issues. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that the purpose of punishment can be fulfilled only when the system of prison regimes is applied by taking into consideration the individual psychological and social needs of the persons deprived of liberty.
Legal protection of the human genome against the influence of genetically modified products
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Juridice, Politice și Sociologice, Republica Moldova, Pîslaru Lilia
Published: December 2021

This article contains information on genetically modified organisms, their risks, and adverse effects, including on the human genome. An analysis of existing legislation in the field of genetically modified organisms is performed. As a result of the study, it was found that existing legislation does not provide effective protection of the human genome. The existing regulations in the Republic of Moldova in the field of genetically modified organisms correspond to international acts, but at the same time are inefficient and insufficient. There is a need to amend existing legislation, including by supplementing criminal and misdemeanor law with new regulations to ensure effective protection of that area. In drafting this paper, the international, regional, and national regulatory framework governing the field of the human genome, as well as that of genetically modified organisms, as well as a vast doctrinal framework in the field of genetically modified organisms were studied and used. The following methods were used: logic, analysis, and synthesis, systemic, empirical. At the end of the article, some proposals of the ferenda law were submitted, meant to cover the existing gaps in the legislation.
Offense of organizing illegal migration: subject of the offense
Authors:   niversitatea de Stat din Moldova, Cojocari Ion
Published: December 2021

The fight against trafficking of migrants is a common international concern that ensures the protection of the rights not to be subjected to slavery and conditions similar to slavery. This article deals with the subject of the crime of organizing illegal migration. Particular attention is paid to the status of the migrant, who under certain conditions can be considered the subject of the crime under consideration. In the Republic of Moldova, the trafficking of migrants is protected by the crime of “organizing illegal migration”. Paragraph 4 of Article 3621 of the Criminal Code, exonerates the migrant from criminal liability for the act prejudicial to the organization of illegal migration. However, the issue arises when the migrant is the object of the crime within the meaning of the Protocol against Trafficking of Migrants. The article analyzes the special quality of the subject of the crime and of the beneficiaries of international humanitarian protection. In the author’s opinion, there are many questions that need to be elucidated, such as: who is the subject of the crime? How old is he/she? What is the special subject of the crime, and what are the conditions when the migrant can be prosecuted? In the author’s view, in order to avoid violations of migrants’ rights, the Moldovan legislature must strengthen its position on the protection of migrants’ rights so that the national criminal law (which responsibly ensures the protection of migrants’ rights) complies with the Additional Protocol on Trafficking of Migrants, having as material object the migrant’s body (material object).
"Скованные одной цепью". Россия и Китай в первой половине XX в.
Authors: Черепанов Константин Владимирович
Published: December 2021

Даётся характеристика взаимоотношений между двумя крупнейшими государствами мира – Россией и Китаем – в первой половине минувшего века. Делается вывод, что как для нашей страны, так и для Китая это было время трудностей и нелегких испытаний, время войн, революций, временной потери единства государства и изменение самой формы его существования. Особо подчеркивается роль и значение в судьбе как российского, так и китайского народа личности фактического руководителя советского государства И.В. Сталина.
Визуальные биографические документы-фотоальбомы и фотографии как источник по истории Центральной Азии имперского периода
Authors: Удербаева Сауле Карибаевна
Published: December 2021

Представлены материалы по истории создания и атрибуции специфических исторических источников – визуальных биографических документов – фотоальбомов и фотографий как источников по истории Центральной Азии имперского периода, а также их интерпретация современными исследователями.
"Народ в пути": память о миграциях в экспозициях музеев российских немцев
Authors: Блинова Анна Николаевна
Published: December 2021

Рассказывается о музеях российских немцев и отражении в их экспозициях темы миграции как фактора, оказавшего значительное влияние на этническую историю. Российские немцы проживают во многих странах бывшего Советского Союза, Европы и Америки. Музеи для них стали одним из инструментов сохранения своего культурного наследия, поддержания и формирования этнической идентификации. Память о миграции в некоторых музеях является основой научной концепции экспозиции, в других она отражена через предметный ряд, который несет в себе важное символическое значение.
Фрагменты биографии В.В. Куйбышева в эго-документах: корректировка образа революционера
Authors: Ищенко Оксана Владимировна
Published: December 2021

Проводится анализ образа известного революционера и государственного деятеля В.В. Куйбышева, сложившегося в биографических сочинениях советской эпохи. Рассматривается возможность его корректировки при использовании эго-документов (текстов самого В.В. Куйбышева и воспоминаний о нем). Отмечается, что различное прочтение и придание смысла имеющимся документам свидетельствует о востребованности определенных образов прошлого в разные исторические периоды.
Якутские эмигранты в Финляндии: интеллектуальное наследие
Authors: Антонов Егор Петрович
Published: December 2021

Интеллектуальное наследие якутских беженцев из концлагеря «Соловки» М.Ф. Корнилова, С.К. Старостина и Е.Е. Старостина подразделяется на воспоминания, исследования, литературный опыт и переписку. Указывается, что в воспоминаниях нашли отражение сведения о родовых корнях, хозяйственных занятиях, событиях революции 1917 г. и Гражданской войны в Якутии. На основе фольклорных текстов и словарей показана помощь якутских эмигрантов в научной деятельности ведущих скандинавских ученых-лингвистов. Литературный опыт позволил реконструировать мечты о будущем освобождении якутов от власти коммунистов и чекистов. Рассматривается, как личная переписка способствовала решению не только насущных проблем по трудоустройству и поиску жилья за рубежом, но и установлению коммуникаций между малочисленной диаспорой выходцев из Якутии в Америке, Европе и Азии.
Оренбургское укрепление (г. Тургай) в истории колонизации окраин России
Authors: Ералина Акмарал Ериковна
Published: December 2021

На основе комплексного изучения опубликованных и архивных материалов освещается история создания Оренбургского укрепления (г. Тургай), показываются особенности, причины и трудности его формирования. Исследование истории создания Оренбургского укрепления представляет особый интерес для изучения процесса развития колонизации окраин России. Источниками исследования истории укрепления послужили фонды Центрального Государственного архива Республики Казахстан и Государственного областного архива Оренбургской области Российской Федерации: справки, отчеты и другие документы.
Академическая наука в СССР в 1920-1950-е гг.: трансформация региональной инфраструктуры
Authors: Метель Ольга Вадимовна
Published: December 2021

Представлена реконструкция институциональной структуры советской академической науки в 1920–1950-е гг. Изучается процесс создания республиканских и региональных академических центров в СССР в послевоенный период и выделяются основные факторы, оказавшие на него решающее влияние. Утверждается, что подобные академические структуры в провинции были необходимы для хозяйственного освоения и «закрепления» территорий страны.
Les mécanismes de résiliences des ménages dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire de la COVID-19 au Mali
Authors: MAIGA Ousmane Younoussa , SOUMARE Babakar
Published: December 2021

Le présent article fait un focus sur les effets de la pandémie de la COVID-19 à travers les mesures barrières édictées pour stopper sa propagation. Il met en évidence les conséquences de la COVID-19 sur la récession économique, la transition des ménages dans la pauvreté et les stratégies de résilience utilisées contre la COVID-19. En effet, la contraction des industries productives a entrainé une baisse de 7,1 point le niveau de production. Depuis l’apparition du premier cas positif au Mali, la pandémie de la COVID-19 a durement affecté la population à travers ses conséquences notamment sur l’emploi et l’accès aux services de soins de santé et d’éducation. Les conséquences de la COVID-19 ont été plus marquées pour ses effets indirects que directs. Au niveau de l’emploi, la pandémie a entrainé une augmentation brutale des pertes d’emploi, en particulier dans les secteurs tertiaire et secondaire. Au plan de l’éducation la fermeture des écoles a contraint de garder plus de quatre millions d’enfants à la maison. Au niveau de la santé, la mobilisation des acteurs de la santé pour contrer la pandémie a conduit à des conséquences négatives sur des programmes essentiels comme la vaccination et les programmes de lutte contre certaines maladies. Environs 30 à 40% des ménages étaient dans les difficultés d’accès aux services de soins jusqu’en octobre 2020.  A la même période 56% des ménages ruraux ont connues une réduction de leur revenu. Les principales stratégies d'adaptation utilisées par les ménages pour faire face aux effets de la COVID-19 outre les mesures gouvernementales ont été la vente d'actifs, l'engagement dans des activités génératrices de revenus supplémentaires, le recours à l'épargne, l'aide des amis et de la famille, la réduction de la consommation alimentaire et l'emprunt auprès des amis et de la famille. L’approche méthodologique a reposé sur une analyse descriptive des données en coupe transversale. Les données utilisées sont issues d’enquêtes réalisées par les structures relevant du système statistique nationale du Mali et des rapports d’études sur la COVID-19 au Mali.
Reimbursements of The Application of Google Classroom by University Scholars for Learning Vocational and Entrepreneurship Courses
Authors: Onojah Amos Ochayi , Obielodan Omotayo Olabo , Aderoju Adekola Musiliu , Onojah Adenike Aderogba , Adigun Boluwatife Joshua
Published: December 2021

Google classroom had been used for instructional delivery of courses at all levels of education with tertiary institution inclusive. The use of these technologies had their merits as well as their demerits. This study investigates the reimbursement of Google classroom by undergraduate students for learning vocational and entrepreneurship courses. This study employs the survey method and 250 undergraduate students were purposively sampled. The findings established that Google classroom is very useful for learning vocational and entrepreneurship courses. Gender had no significant influence on the reimbursements of undergraduates’ utilization of google classroom for learning vocational and entrepreneur courses but academic level had significant influence. The study concluded that there could be tremendous increase in lecturers job performance as well as students’ academic performance if Google classroom is employed for lectures.