bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upstream extension of a bottom-advected plume and its mechanism: The case of the Yellow River
Authors: Yu Xiaojie , Guo Xinyu , Gao Huiwang , Zou Tao
Published: May 2021

Hydrographic surveys have revealed that the Yellow River plume propagates in the direction opposite to that of a Kelvin wave (upstream) under a low river discharge condition, but turns downstream as the river discharge increases. A numerical model reproduced the upstream extension of the plume under the low river discharge condition and the transition to the downstream direction under the high river discharge condition, and confirmed that the summer wind is not the necessary condition for upstream extension of the plume. With the condition of low river discharge, the model also indicated the dependence of the upstream extension of the plume on the tidal range: extending upstream in spring tide but turning downstream in neap tide. The upstream movement of the plume results from the upstream transport of freshwater that depends on the upstream tide-induced residual current around the river mouth and the downstream density-driven current around the offshore plume front. With the condition of high river discharge, the upstream tide-induced residual current cannot compete with the downstream density-driven current and the plume turns downstream. Momentum analysis confirms the important roles of advection term and viscosity term in the condition of low river discharge and the shift to a Coriolis force-dominated system under high river discharge condition. An idealized model study suggests a dimensionless number for the river discharge changing the river plume extension from upstream to downstream under a specific upstream ambient current around the river mouth.
Citizenship, Indigeneity, and the Experiences of 1.5- and Second-Generation Fulani Herders in Ghana
Authors: Setrana Mary B.
Published: May 2021

Issues of indigeneity and citizenship rights for second-generation pastoralist migrants across the West African States have received little to no attention in migration and pastoralist studies. This article explores this under-researched area in the field of migration studies and revisits the highly contested migration–citizenship nexus among Fulani herders in the Shai-Osu-Doku and Agogo traditional areas of Ghana. The article captures the crises of citizenship facing descendants of Fulani herders and families, particularly in relation to their integration into local host communities. I argue that second-generation migrants remain at the margins, spatially and socio-politically defined, of both development and society. While they do not have any ties with their ancestral “home countries,” they are also considered non-citizens and face growing hostility in the places they call home. Being a citizen is not simply a static legal position, but a status developed through routine practices, building relations, and shared experiences.
Transnational Lived Citizenship – The Case of the Eritrean Diaspora
Authors: Müller Tanja R. , Belloni Milena
Published: May 2021

This special focus section analyses state–diaspora relationships with a focus on the case of Eritrea, a paradigmatic example, as we show in this introduction, to elaborate on the following key questions: What determines loyalty between diaspora and the state? How can we understand the dynamics of co-optation, loyalty, and resistance that characterise many diaspora–state relationships? What is the role of historical events and memory in building alliances as well as divides among different generations and different groups in the diaspora? How do diaspora citizens interpret and enact their citizenship in everyday practices of engagement? By engaging with both citizenship and diaspora studies, this introduction shows the significance of analysing these questions through the lens of “transnational lived citizenship.” This concept enables a look at the intersections between formal aspects of citizenship as well as the emotional and practical aspects related to feelings of belonging, transnational attitudes, and circulation of material cultures.
Foods and Nutritional Characteristics Associated With Addictive-Like Eating
Authors: Neff Kirstie M. Herb , Fay Angela , Saules Karen K.
Published: May 2021

Emerging literature is exploring the contribution of specific nutritional characteristics and food additives to the development of addictive-like eating, implicating highly processed foods and those high in fat and sugar in its pathophysiology. To our knowledge, no mixed methods study has yet aimed to investigate the relationship between food characteristics and addictive-like eating. Towards this end, we applied an a priori classification scheme to open-ended answers to enable us to use quantitative methods to analyze qualitative data. A sample of individuals who endorsed self-perceived “food addiction” (N = 182; 50% female; Mage = 34.1) reported the foods to which they believed they were “addicted.” We classified these foods according to their levels of fat, carbohydrates, sugar, and sodium, and evaluated their predictive power on addictive-like eating. Pizza, chocolate, hamburgers, and pasta respectively, were the most reported food items to which participants felt they were addicted. Addictive-like eating was significantly predicted by endorsement of “addiction” to high-sodium foods. In contrast, “addiction” to high-sugar foods negatively predicted addictive-like eating symptoms. Findings support an association between highly processed and high-sodium foods with addictive-like eating behavior among humans, consistent in large part with prior human and animal literature. Results also suggest that people are readily able to report on their experiences of addiction to foods; specifically, they can freely endorse the experience of addictive-like eating and offer experiences of addictive foods that are largely consistent with theory and the literature.
Beyond ‘causes of causes’: Health, stigma and the settler colonial urban territory in the Negev/Naqab
Authors: Yacobi Haim , Milner Elya Lucy
Published: May 2021

This article critically analyses and theoretically conceptualises the links between settler colonialism, planning and health. Based on the case of the Bedouin community in the Negev/Naqab, we argue that the production of settler colonial space has a profound impact on health, and should therefore be referred to as a specific category for analysing health disparities, simultaneously entangling territorial control and biopolitics towards indigenous communities. Furthermore, we suggest that this relationship between space and health constructs stigma that justifies and facilitates – in turn – the ongoing territorial control over the indigenous Bedouin population in Israel. By reviewing existing data on health and planning, especially in relation to infrastructure and access to services, we contribute to the growing literature on the nexus of settler-colonialism/health with urban and regional planning. Importantly, throughout this paper we refer to the Bedouin localities as part of the production of urban territory, illuminating the urban as a multidimensional process of political struggle, including the metropolin informal fringes.
Reputational Status Dynamics from a Mixed Methods Perspective: Coolness and Popularity in a Hungarian Primary School Sample
Authors: Bocskor Ákos
Published: May 2021

The paper investigates reputational status dynamics (coolness and popularity) in a Hungarian primary school sample. The data derives from an emergent mixed methods research study, where one wave of a panel data collection ( N = 754) was complemented with focus group interviews ( N = 144) among sixth grade students (age 12–13). The quantitative analysis applied multilevel regression models, while the qualitative part relied on thematic analysis. Our results, mostly in line with the international literature, underlined the importance of athletic abilities, verbal aggression, and physical appearance, while some interesting gendered and ethnic patterns also emerged. For instance, verbal aggression was associated with status for girls and non-Roma boys, while physical aggression was only associated with status for Roma girls. The novelty of the research study lies in the mixed approach, while the paper also contributes to our knowledge about status dynamics in the Hungarian, and Eastern European, context.
That’s Our Beer! Creating the Contentious Category of Collegiate Beer
Authors: Mathias Blake D. , Fisher Greg
Published: May 2021

Existing categories often blend together to form new categories. To date, research has explored noncontroversial forms of category blending, such as smartphones and nanotechnology, even though category blending can frequently represent a highly contentious activity. Through an inductive field study of collegiate-licensed beer, we develop a theoretical model of contentious category blending. We show that contentious category blending related to and invoked tradition in three important ways. First, as contentiousness arises primarily from the participants involved in the category, opponents framed tradition narrowly—around those for whom the category was contentious (e.g., university students). Conversely, proponents framed tradition more broadly by incorporating stories of alumni, farmers, local craft breweries, and community members. By shifting the emphasis on tradition away from the actors for which the category was contentious and toward actors for which the category was appropriate, category proponents were able to establish a more lenient category and success in blending the categories. Second, whereas theory indicates that members of new categories generally seek to illustrate their novelty and distinctiveness from existing categories, we find the opposite among contentious category proponents. Instead, as contentiousness arouses questions about whether a product should exist, proponents draw from history, heritage, and tradition to demonstrate how elements of the product already exist. Third, we find the importance of tradition, culture, and community mean the legitimacy of a blended category does not so easily transfer but instead extends only to those communities that can uniquely stand on the traditions of their own community to gain support.
Settling down without settling: Perceived changes in partner preferences in response to COVID-19
Authors: Alexopoulos Cassandra , Timmermans Elisabeth , Sharabi Liesel L. , Roaché David J. , Croft Alyssa , Hall Elizabeth Dorrance , James-Hawkins Laurie , Lamarche Veronica , Uhlich Maximiliane
Published: May 2021

The goal of this study was to explore the positive association between concern related to COVID-19 and single individuals’ perceived changes to their partner preferences. In addition, we investigated the mediating role of fear of being single. Results indicated that people with greater COVID-19 concern perceived an increase in the importance of stability, family commitment, and physical/social attractiveness, as well as fear of being single. Fear of being single only negatively predicted the importance of physical/social attractiveness, whereas it positively predicted the importance of stability and family commitment. Thus, in most cases, people with a greater concern for COVID-19 perceived themselves to become more selective, even when they exhibit higher levels of fear of being single.
Clinical, oculographic, and vestibular test characteristics of vestibular migraine
Authors: Young Allison S , Nham Benjamin , Bradshaw Andrew P , Calic Zeljka , Pogson Jacob M , D’Souza Mario , Halmagyi G Michael , Welgampola Miriam S
Published: May 2021

Background

We characterise the history, vestibular tests, ictal and interictal nystagmus in vestibular migraine.

Method

We present our observations on 101 adult-patients presenting to an outpatient facility with recurrent spontaneous and/or positional vertigo whose final diagnosis was vestibular migraine (n = 27) or probable vestibular migraine (n = 74). Ictal and interictal video-oculography, caloric and video head impulse tests, vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials and audiometry were performed.

Results

Common presenting symptoms were headache (81.2%), spinning vertigo (72.3%), Mal de Débarquement (58.4%), and motion sensitivity (30.7%). With fixation denied, ictal and interictal spontaneous nystagmus was observed in 71.3 and 14.9%, and purely positional nystagmus in 25.8 and 55.4%. Spontaneous ictal nystagmus was horizontal in 49.5%, and vertical in 21.8%. Ictal spontaneous and positional nystagmus velocities were 5.3 ± 9.0°/s (range 0.0–57.4), and 10.4 ± 5.8°/s (0.0–99.9). Interictal spontaneous and positional nystagmus velocities were <3°/s in 91.8 and 23.3%. Nystagmus velocities were significantly higher when ictal ( p < 0.001/confidence interval: 2.908‒6.733, p < 0.001/confidence interval: 5.308‒10.085). Normal lateral video head impulse test gains were found in 97.8% (mean gain 0.95 ± 0.12) and symmetric caloric results in 84.2% (mean canal paresis 7.0 ± 23.3%). Air- and bone-conducted cervical-vestibular-evoked myogenic potential amplitudes were symmetric in 88.4 and 93.4% (mean corrected amplitude 1.6 ± 0.7, 1.6 ± 0.8) with mean asymmetry ratios of 13.0 and 9.0%. Air- and bone-conducted ocular-vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials were symmetric in 67.7 and 97.2% (mean amplitude 9.2 ± 6.4 and 20.3 ± 12.8 µV) with mean asymmetry ratios of 15.7 and 9.9%. Audiometry was age consistent and symmetric in 85.5%.

Conclusion

Vestibular migraine is characterised by low velocity ictal spontaneous nystagmus, which can be horizontal, vertical, or torsional, and normal audiovestibular test results.
Modified Suture Technique to Improve Cosmetic Appearance and Wound Dehiscence in Upper Blepharoplasty
Authors: Fakih-Gomez Nabil , Manay Roshini , Bastidas Andres , Fakih-Gomez Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study was to compare wound dehiscence in upper blepharoplasty between the traditional suturing technique and the modified suturing technique in split-face study. A prospective, intrapatient split-face study was conducted from October 2019 to August 2020 in 40 patients who underwent upper blepharoplasty. The incision was made on both eyes, where the left eye received 3 subcutaneous buried sutures (6-0 polyglactin) before interrupted 6-0 nylon skin closure (modified technique), and the right eye underwent skin closure only (traditional technique). At 3 months, the aesthetic results using Hollander wound scale were evaluated by patients and an independent surgeon blinded to the method of closure. The study included 40 patients with an average age of 45 years. At 3 months, 39 patients (97.5%) recorded lateral wound dehiscence on the right eye and 0 patients (0%) on the left eye. The patient was scored 2 on the right eye and 5 on the left eye by the surgeon, whereas the patient scored 3 on right eye and 5.5 on left eye on Hollander wound scale. The modified technique in upper blepharoplasty proved to be a more aesthetically appealing and effective method to achieve a better scar in inverted canoe-shaped incisions with high-tension closure in well-positioned eyebrow.
Prevalence and Outcomes of Multi-Drug Resistant Blood Stream Infections Among Nursing Home Residents Admitted to an Acute Care Hospital
Authors: Aliyu Sainfer , McGowan Kevin , Hussain Dilbi , Kanawati Lama , Ruiz Maria , Yohannes Seife
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The prevalence of multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) colonization in nursing home residents has been well documented, but little is known about the impact of MDRO bloodstream infections (BSIs). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, cost, and outcomes of MDRO-BSI vs. non-MDRO-BSI among nursing home residents.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study

Setting:

960 bed tertiary academic medical center

Patients:

Persons ≥18 years old admitted to an acute care tertiary hospital from Skilled Nursing Facilities with a diagnosis of sepsis between 2015 and 2018.

Interventions:

Retrospective analysis of prevalence and outcomes.

Measurements and Main Results:

Among patients admitted to the study hospital with a diagnosis of sepsis during the study period, 7% were from nursing homes. The prevalence of MDRO-BSI was 47%. We identified 54 (50%) gram positive BSIs, 48 (45%) gram negative BSI and 5 (5%) fungal BSI. Thirty-one (57%) of the gram-positive infections and 14 (30%) of the gram-negative infections were with MDROs. The prevalence of BSI organisms were Staphylococcus aureus in 24%, Escherichia coli in 14%, Proteus mirabilis in 13%, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 8%, Enterococcus faecalis in 7%, and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 6%. We found that intensive care unit length of stay (7 days vs 5 days, P = .009), direct cost ($13,639 vs $9,922, P = .027), and total cost ($23,752 vs $17,900 P = .032) were significantly higher in patients with MDRO-BSI vs. non-MDRO-BSI. Patients with MDRO-BSI were twice as likely to receive inappropriate empiric antiinfective therapy (31% vs 16%, P = .006) and were more likely to die (49.1% vs 29.6%, P = .049).

Conclusion:

Nursing home residents have a high prevalence of MDRO-BSI, which is associated with higher risk of receiving inappropriate initial anti-infective therapy, higher cost, higher ICU LOS, and higher mortality. Our research adds new information about the prevalence of fungemia in this population.
Construction of a deep sparse filtering network for rotating machinery fault diagnosis
Authors: Cheng Chun , Zou Wei , Wang Weiping , Pecht Michael
Published: May 2021

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown potential in intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. However, traditional DNNs such as the back-propagation neural network are highly sensitive to the initial weights and easily fall into the local optimum, which restricts the feature learning capability and diagnostic performance. To overcome the above problems, a deep sparse filtering network (DSFN) constructed by stacked sparse filtering is developed in this paper and applied to fault diagnosis. The developed DSFN is pre-trained by sparse filtering in an unsupervised way. The back-propagation algorithm is employed to optimize the DSFN after pre-training. Then, the DSFN-based intelligent fault diagnosis method is validated using two experiments. The results show that pre-training with sparse filtering and fine-tuning can help the DSFN search for the optimal network parameters, and the DSFN can learn discriminative features adaptively from rotating machinery datasets. Compared with classical methods, the developed diagnostic method can diagnose rotating machinery faults with higher accuracy using fewer training samples.
Construction of borders: Intra-psychological dynamics of emerging national identity
Authors: Kullasepp Katrin
Published: May 2021

Border-making is an inevitable experience in human life. Borders can be viewed as part of an external sociocultural structure that guides the dynamics of dialogues between persons and institutions. However, in addition to the interpersonal and societal level of analysis, borders can be conceptualized as an intra-psychological process of identity formation that is involved in meaning making and in organizing experiences with the world. Within the framework of cultural psychology, this article will provide an account of the process of bordering, using the example of Estonian identity that is approached as an affective process of semiotic construction of borders between us and the “other” (i.e., “non-us”). Using the dialogical self theory, it will examine how different I-positions (e.g., I-as-Estonian) related to collective and personal past experiences are involved in the construction of borders. The tendency to incline toward re-creation of the established structure of borders with the potential to renegotiate them is also revealed in this study.
Using extended Kalman filter for failure detection and prognostic of degradation process in feedback control system
Authors: Moulahi Med Hedi , Ben Hmida Faycal
Published: May 2021

In this article, we study a new approach to predict failures in feedback control system and particularly in actuators. However, we use two-tank control system with a proportional–integral–derivative controller for controlling a process variable. In practice, the actuator is a dynamic operating component in a random environment. Moreover, its capacity decreases over time and becomes valuable information for reliability analysis. The loss of capacity which is related to degradation, either normally or in an accelerated manner, depends on different operational conditions of the feedback control system and environmental factors. For this reason, to improve its working condition, a service life time analysis is necessary. Obviously, one has to predict the trend of future system characteristics, such as the reliability, which is measured by the estimate value of remaining useful life. In this situation, we use the stochastic gamma process model to describe the degradation behavior of the actuator. Generally, the algorithm of extended Kalman filter is a widely used method to overcome the difficulties of estimating the state vector in a nonlinear model of two-tank control system. This algorithm gives an innovation vector or prediction residual which contains fault information, when the system is failed. The prediction residuals can be recursively computed for diagnosis by the generalized likelihood ratio test. However, we use the generalized likelihood ratio test algorithm to estimate the moment at which the prognostic started. Finally, a practical case study is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches for failure detection. Obviously, the simulation results show that the degradation path of the actuator capacity is estimated and the reliability based on remaining useful life predicted is analyzed.
Environmental Protection and Development of Technology-intensive Industries: The Case of New Energy Vehicle Industry in Korea
Authors: Lee Euna , Mah Jai S.
Published: May 2021

Korea, being one of the leading producers of automobiles, has been shifting its attention to eco-friendly new energy vehicles (NEVs) facing the threat of global warming. Since the 1990s, Korea has tried to promote the electric vehicles industry by providing various subsidies and infrastructure. The Korean government’s active NEV promotion policy has stimulated the expansion of production scale and commercialisation of NEVs. Korea’s domestic automobile producers could develop technologies needed in producing fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) ahead of the other large producers of automobiles. The Korean government announced the roadmap to promote FCEVs facing the hydrogen economy. The policy measures implemented by the government may contribute to the Korean producers to be able to gain from the first-mover’s advantage. Korea’s active NEV promotion policy provides policy implications to the other countries in overcoming the global warming phenomenon.
Dimensions of GST on Small and Moderate Business Units: A Systematic Review
Authors: Guna Chennathur , Anuradha P.S.
Published: May 2021

Implications of indirect tax namely GST’s implications on small and medium businesses are an emerging area of research in India. Relevant literature of Indian and other nations up to 2020 has been studied and it covers published and also grey literature materials. Adequate caution and consideration have been applied in choosing the appropriate literature. Understandings from the significantly sourced literature have been thematically analysed and presented. The outcome of this work makes clear the dimensions of GST in relation to opportunities for small and moderate business houses, experiences of other countries and the current challenges for small and moderate businesses in the Indian context. One of the significant findings is that implications of GST on MSMEs across various industries would be diverse and also vary from politically sensitive industries of each state. This review is a step towards further research and helps the MSME owners and policymakers in making informed decisions.
Multiaxial classification in child and adolescent mental health – a reaffirmation of benefit and practical applications
Authors: Mayall Mark , McDermott Brett , Sadhu Raja , Husodo Cortney
Published: May 2021

Objective:

Classification systems and their practical implications have become increasingly important in child and adolescent psychiatry. This paper presents the evolution and practical applications of a multiaxial classification system for children and adolescents presenting to mental health services. Included are some worked examples demonstrating both the complexity of many presentations and how broadening the use of the multiaxial system can help in identifying appropriate interventions.

Conclusions:

Classification systems in child and adolescent psychiatry have largely remained uniaxial in nature. A multiaxial system encapsulates the broader biopsychosocial aspects of the presenting child or adolescent, and orders complex data in a concise manner. This approach can be used to concisely communicate with other treating clinicians, and assist with case reviews, formulation and teaching.
A Systematic Review of the Use of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) to Assess Implicit Biases Held by Professionals Toward Client Populations
Authors: Sereno Michelle , Quigley Jennifer , Smith Gregory S.
Published: May 2021

Implicit biases held by professionals, functioning outside conscious awareness, can negatively affect client outcomes and professional well-being.

Purpose:

This systematic review evaluated evidence in the literature of Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) utility for assessing implicit biases held by professionals toward client populations.

Method:

Included studies were those published 2000 through 2020 using IRAP to measure implicit biases in professionals toward consumers.

Results:

Eight studies met inclusion criteria, with two meeting borderline requirements. Results support IRAP reliability and validity for identifying implicit biases. Variation presents across studies in reporting and analysis of IRAP effects.

Discussion:

Convergence and divergence between implicit and explicit measures are discussed in terms of relational responding. Results are limited by the relative paucity of studies meeting inclusion criteria and by inconsistencies in data reporting and analysis. Methods for selecting IRAP stimuli are discussed, with a call for a more function-driven approach. Standardization of IRAP methodology is recommended to facilitate extension.
How Do Moral Values and Crisis Response Strategies Influence Individuals’ Evaluations and Support of Sports Organizations Post-Crisis?
Authors: Wang Rong , Lewis Nicky
Published: May 2021

This study examines how the moral values individuals possess and organizational crisis response strategies influence sports organizations. It showed that two moral foundations (fairness and purity/sanctity) had positive effects on moral outrage while care had a negative effect. When predicting team reputation, only one moral foundation (care) had a positive effect while the crisis response strategy had no effect. Furthermore, reputation had a positive effect on support intention, while both moral outrage and crisis response strategies had no effect. Implications were provided on what factors could function as effective buffers to prevent potential damages.
Agreement between the newly developed OCT glaucoma staging system and the standardized visual field glaucoma staging system 2
Authors: Mossa Elshimaa A Mateen , Khallaf Heba , Sayed Khulood Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this research was to assess the agreement between the new optical coherence tomography (OCT) glaucoma staging system (GSS) and the visual field (VF) GSS 2 (GSS2).

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study of 161 eyes of 110 patients with controlled primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). All eyes were subjected to VF examination using standard automated perimetry and Humphrey field analyzer II 750. GSS2 was used for the classification of the VF defects’ severity. OCT of the optic disc and the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) was performed using RTVue. Patients were classified by OCT GSS into six stages.

Results:

The study examined 161 eyes of 110 patients with controlled POAG. The staging according to VF GSS2 was as follows: stage 0 (12.42%), border stage (12.42%), stage 1 (13.04%), stage 2 (14.29%), stage 3 (14.28%), stage 4 (14.28%), and stage 5 (19.25%). The staging by OCT GSS was as follows: stage 0 (18.6 %), border stage (17.3%), stage 1 (6.8%), stage 2 (9.31%), stage 3 (6%), stage 4 (11.8%), and stage 5 (30.43%). The sensitivity of the new OCT GSS was different in different stages of glaucoma. In this study, no normal control group was considered; thus, the specificity could not be calculated. There was moderate agreement between the two staging systems.

Conclusions:

OCT GSS is a reliable and objective method for diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma. Correlations were found between GSS2, inferior and total macular GCC thickness values, and cup-to-disc ratios, so considering these items as additional parameters may make this new classification even more sensitive than VF GSS2.
Truth and reconciliation cinema: an ethico-political study of residential school imagery in contemporary Indigenous film
Authors: Stewart Tyson
Published: May 2021

This article explores an important facet of the New Wave of Indigenous filmmaking in Canada: residential school system history and imagery, its place in the historical archive, and the way it is being retold and reclaimed in films like Rhymes for Young Ghouls (2013), Savage (2009), Sisters & Brothers (2015), Indian Horse (2017), and The Grizzlies (2018). While researching this topic, one unanswered question has left me feeling sometimes frustrated and often troubled: Is there a risk of producing pan-Indigenous readings, or worse, repeating the original propagandistic intentions of the original residential school photographs when they are used in new media?
Extending the efficacy of Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) in teaching reading strategies: A socio-cultural emotional perspective
Authors: Amjadi Ali , Talebi Seyed Hassan
Published: May 2021

Implementing social-emotional learning skills into Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR), the current study intended to extend the efficacy of CSR for teaching reading strategies when applying it to students in rural areas from a working-class community. To this purpose, forty-four students who made the comparison and the experimental groups were taught reading strategies through CSR and ECSR (Extended Collaborative Strategic Reading), respectively. A reading comprehension test with different question types was given to the students as pretest and posttest, and an interview was given at the end of the study to investigate the perception of the students toward reading strategy instruction through CSR and ECSR. Analysis of data indicated that only the ECSR group improved significantly in overall reading comprehension, but the componential analysis of the reading test showed that despite the fact that the CSR group showed no significant improvement in the reading tests in four formats (true–false, multiple-choice, matching, and cloze), the ECSR group improved significantly in reading tests with multiple-choice and cloze test formats. Moreover, although the students in both groups showed a positive view toward the interventions, the students in the ECSR group improved in social-emotional and communication skills. It seems that CSR can be improved to be effective by implementing the emotional component to it.
Contemporary curating: Gift-giving in the Zürcher Theater Spektakel performing arts festival
Authors: Leupin Rahel
Published: May 2021

This article aims to deepen the understanding of the distribution and reconfiguration of agency and power in relationships between artists from the South and curators from the North. Focusing on the Zürcher Theater Spektakel, an annual performing arts festival in Zürich, Switzerland, it scrutinises the artist-curator relationship through the perspective of the gift rationales. Gift-giving theory can contribute to understanding motifs and logics behind dealings between curator and artist. In order to qualify these interactions, the article fuses gift-giving with relational care ethics. In doing so, it foregrounds the values and ethics that inhabit curator-artist relationships and shows to what degree gift-givers and gift-recipients may influence each other’s work. From this perspective, the article suggests that contemporary curating not only implies that the curator and the artist coproduce artistic performances, rather contemporary curating entails that the curator and the artist coproduce curatorial formats, hence the festival.
Steering extended producer responsibility for electric vehicle batteries
Authors: Dawson Louis , Ahuja Jyoti , Lee Robert
Published: May 2021

The UK Government has announced its plans to bring forward the deadline for phasing out all petrol and diesel vehicles from 2040 to 2030, 10 years earlier than planned. This is a radical acceleration in the transition to electric mobility. The need to draw up coherent and robust UK regulatory structures for managing the end-of-life consequences of this transition is now more urgent than ever. This article explores the potential role of extended producer responsibility (EPR) in facilitating the safe and sustainable management of electric vehicle (EV) batteries at their end of life. It outlines the current EV battery problem from the perspective of end-of-life management, before exploring the utility of EPR in achieving a circular economy approach and reviewing the current EPR frameworks that would apply to this waste stream once a battery is no longer powerful enough to drive an EV. We conclude that current EPR frameworks for battery management are neither sufficiently clear nor suitably robust to ensure safe and sustainable electric lithium ion battery management and suggest how these could be remodelled to achieve better outcomes in this area.
A new dam structural response estimation paradigm powered by deep learning and transfer learning techniques
Authors: Li Yangtao , Bao Tengfei , Gao Zhixin , Shu Xiaosong , Zhang Kang , Xie Lunchen , Zhang Zhentao
Published: May 2021

With the rapid development of information and communication techniques, dam structural health assessment based on data collected from structural health monitoring systems has become a trend. This allows for applying data-driven methods for dam safety analysis. However, data-driven models in most related literature are statistical and shallow machine learning models, which cannot capture the time series patterns or learn from long-term dependencies of dam structural response time series. Furthermore, the effectiveness and applicability of these models are only validated in a small data set and part of monitoring points in a dam structural health monitoring system. To address the problems, this article proposes a new modeling paradigm based on various deep learning and transfer learning techniques. The paradigm utilizes one-dimensional convolutional neural networks to extract the inherent features from dam structural response–related environmental quantity monitoring data. Then bidirectional gated recurrent unit with a self-attention mechanism is used to learn from long-term dependencies, and transfer learning is utilized to transfer knowledge learned from the typical monitoring point to the others. The proposed paradigm integrates the powerful modeling capability of deep learning networks and the flexible transferability of transfer learning. Rather than traditional models that rely on experience for feature selection, the proposed deep learning–based paradigm directly utilizes environmental monitoring time series as inputs to accurately estimate dam structural response changes. A high arch dam in long-term service is selected as the case study, and three monitoring items, including dam displacement, crack opening displacement, and seepage are used as the research objects. The experimental results show that the proposed paradigm outperforms conventional and shallow machine learning–based methods in all 41 tested monitoring points, which indicates that the proposed paradigm is capable of dealing with dam structural response estimation with high accuracy and robustness.
A palace fit for the future: Desirability in temporal work
Authors: Alimadadi Siavash , Davies Andrew , Tell Fredrik
Published: May 2021

Research on the strategic organization of time often assumes that collective efforts are motivated by and oriented toward achieving desirable, although not necessarily well-defined, future states. In situations surrounded by uncertainty where work has to proceed urgently to avoid an impending disaster, however, temporal work is guided by engaging with both desirable and undesirable future outcomes. Drawing on a real-time, in-depth study of the inception of the Restoration and Renewal program of the Palace of Westminster, we investigate how organizational actors develop a strategy for an uncertain and highly contested future while safeguarding ongoing operations in the present and preserving the heritage of the past. Anticipation of undesirable future events played a crucial role in mobilizing collective efforts to move forward. We develop a model of future desirability in temporal work to identify how actors construct, link, and navigate interpretations of desirable and undesirable futures in their attempts to create a viable path of action. By conceptualizing temporal work based on the phenomenological quality of the future, we advance understanding of the strategic organization of time in pluralistic contexts characterized by uncertainty and urgency.
Who Believes in Conspiracy Theories? Network Diversity, Political Discussion, and Conservative Conspiracy Theories on Social Media
Authors: Min Seong Jae
Published: May 2021

A survey of 3,441 U.S. social media users showed that a high portion believes in conspiracy theories, and their beliefs vary widely along the party lines and socio-demographic factors. In particular, conservative conspiracy theories were more pronounced than liberal ones, and older White males with high conservatism and Protestantism showed higher endorsement of conservative conspiracy theories. Furthermore, ideological conservatives who frequently discuss politics showed higher association with a conservative conspiracy theory than conservatives who discuss politics less frequently. However, network diversity moderated the interaction of conservative ideology and political discussion such that conservatives who discuss politics frequently in a relatively heterogeneous social media network setting had lower beliefs in a conspiracy theory than conservatives who do so in a more homogeneous network.
Superabsorbent Wound Dressing for Management of Patients With Moderate-to-Highly Exuding Chronic Leg Ulcers: An Early Stage Model-Based Benefit–Harm Assessment
Authors: Velickovic Vladica M. , Lembelembe Jean P. , Cegri Francisco , Binic Ivana , Abdelaziz Amr B. , Sun Sun , Niki Brandt , Dawn Stevens , Rippon Mark G. , Abreha Solomon K. , Sturges Julie
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research is to assess the benefit–harm of superabsorbent polymers wound dressings based on polyacrylate polymers (SAPs) compared with standard of care (SoC) dressing mix for patients with moderate-to-highly exuding hard-to-heal leg ulcers. The SoC dressings mix was composed of other superabsorbents in 29% of cases, antimicrobials 26%, foams 20%, alginates 5%, and other dressings 19% weighted according to their frequency. We have used the decision-analytic modeling method, Markov process, as an adequate analytical solution for medical prognosis. We have combined the systematic literature search to identify the most relevant inputs for the analysis, with available patient-level clinical data concerning benefits of superabsorbent to generate a robust prediction of patient-relevant outcomes, including healing rates and health-related quality of life. Besides, we have qualitatively described adverse events associated with those treatments. Our research indicates that SAPs when compared with SoC dressing mix in a patient with moderate-to-highly excluding leg ulcers are leading to an improved healing rate with an absolute risk difference of 2.20% in 6 months and a relative risk of 1.07 in favor of SAP dressings. The attributable fraction among those exposed to SAP dressings of 6.6%, meaning that 6.6% of the healed ulcers could be attributed to having had the SAP dressing treatment instead of the SoC dressing treatment. Besides, SAP dressings lead to improved quality of life measured as incremental quality-adjusted life weeks (QALWs) of 0.13 QALWs.
Estimating Utility Values for Health States of DFU Patients Using EQ-5D-5L and cTTO
Authors: Arab-Zozani Morteza , Safari Hossein , Dori Zoha , Afshari Somayeh , Ameri Hosein , Namiranian Nasim , Hoseini Elham , Jafari Abdolkhalegh
Published: May 2021

Health-state utility values of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients are necessary for clinical praxis and economic modeling. The purpose of this study was to estimate utility values in DFU patients using the EuroQol-5-dimension-5-level (EQ-5D-5L) and composite time trade-off (cTTO). The EQ-5D-5L and cTTO were used for estimating utility values. Data were collected from 228 patients referred to the largest governmental diabetes center in the South of Iran, Yazd province. When appropriate, independent sample t-test or analysis of variance test was used to test the difference in the utility values in each of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Finally, the BetaMix was used to identify predictors of the utility values. The means of EQ-5D-5L and cTTO values were 0.55( SD 0.21) and 0.67( SD 0.23), respectively. Anxiety and pain were the most common problems reported by the patients. The difference between the mean EQ-5D-5L values was significant for age, grade of ulcer, number of comorbidities, and having complications. In addition, variables of gender, age, grade of ulcer, and having complications were significant predictors of the EQ-5D-5L. The difference between the mean cTTO values was significant for age, employment status, grade of ulcer, number of comorbidities, and having complications. Moreover, variables of gender, age, grade of ulcer, number of comorbidities, and developing complications were significant predictors of cTTO. The current study provided estimates of utility values for DFU patients for clinical praxis and economic modeling. These estimates, similar to utilities reported in other studies, were low. Identifying strategies to decrease anxiety/depression and pain in patients is important to improve the utility values.
Portraits of UK Black and South Asian headteachers five years on: Leadership retention in the age of academization
Authors: Johnson Lauri
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the career trajectories of eight Black and South Asian headteachers who were part of a larger study of three generations of Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) headteachers (28) interviewed in 2015 (Johnson, 2017). Using a longitudinal life history approach and portraiture, it seeks to answer the question, “How do Black and South Asian headteachers narrate their career progression and leadership values over time?” In particular, I explore the growth of academization and the formation of Multi-Academy Trusts (MATs) on the work lives of Black and South Asian headteachers and the role of autonomy, value alignment, and professional support on their leadership retention.
Availability analysis and maintenance optimization for multiple failure mode systems considering imperfect repair
Authors: Qiu Qingan , Liu Baoliang , Lin Cong , Wang Jingjing
Published: May 2021

This paper studies the availability and optimal maintenance policies for systems subject to competing failure modes under continuous and periodic inspections. The repair time distribution and maintenance cost are both dependent on the failure modes. We investigate the instantaneous availability and the steady state availability of the system maintained through several imperfect repairs before a replacement is allowed. Analytical expressions for system availability under continuous and periodic inspections are derived respectively. The availability models are then utilized to obtain the optimal inspection and imperfect maintenance policy that minimizes the average long-run cost rate. A numerical example for Remote Power Feeding System is presented to demonstrate the application of the developed approach.
Reliability modeling for multi-state systems with a protective device considering multiple triggering mechanism
Authors: Zhao Xian , Li Rong , Fan Yu , Qiu Qingan
Published: May 2021

Failures of safety-critical systems may result in irretrievable economic losses and significant safety hazards, thus enhancing the reliability of safety-critical system is crucial. As applied widely in engineering fields, protective devices are commonly equipped for the systems operating in shock environment to reduce external damage, which has not been taken into consideration in existing literatures. This paper investigates the reliability of multi-state systems with competing failure patterns supported by a protective device. According to the system failure modes, state-based and shock number-based triggering mechanism of the protective device are developed. That is, the protective device is triggered once the system state or cumulative number of shocks exceeds corresponding critical thresholds respectively. After being triggered, the protective device can reduce the probability of damaging shocks for the system. The protective device fails when the number of consecutive valid shocks reaches a threshold. Based on the constructed model, a finite Markov chain imbedding approach is employed to derive reliability indices including distribution functions of system lifetime and residual lifetime, together with expected operating time of the protective device. Moreover, two age-based replacement policies together with a condition-based replacement policy are developed to accommodate different maintenance scenarios and corresponding optimal solutions are acquired. Numerical illustrations based on the application of cooling systems in engines are presented to validate the results.
‘The Fool’ Revisited: The Making of Žižek as Sacrificial Public Intellectual
Authors: Bar-El Eliran , Baert Patrick
Published: May 2021

This article provides a sociological explanation for the global emergence of Slavoj Žižek as a public intellectual. It presents an integrative account encompassing both personal and institutional aspects. Drawing on positioning theory and performative frameworks, the article contributes to the sociology of intellectuals, as well as to the vast ‘Žižek-literature’ that focuses on his philosophical content or political activities. We analyse the distinctiveness of Žižek’s performances, arguing that Žižek acts as a ‘sacrificial intellectual’: he plays ‘the fool’ and relies on irony to undermine the traditional role of the authoritative intellectual. Within the context of the digital public sphere and declining intellectual authority, Žižek’s unique form of positioning has been particularly effective and has contributed to his celebrity status.