bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuning the magnetic phase transition and the magnetocaloric properties of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 compounds through Sm-doping
Authors: Thanh Tran Dang , Dung Nguyen Thi , Van Dang Nguyen , Bau Le Viet , Piao Hong-Guang , Phan The Long , Huyen Yen Pham Duc , Hau Kieu Xuan , Kim Dong-Hyun , Yu Seong-Cho
Published: December 2017

In this work, we point out that the width and the nature of the magnetic phase transition, TC value, and as well as magnetocaloric effect in La0.7-xSmxCa0.3MnO3 compounds can be easily modified through Sm-doped into La-site. With an increasing Sm concentration, a systematic decrease in the magnetization, TC, and magnetic entropy change (ΔSm) are observed. The Arrott-plot proveds that the samples with x = 0 and 0.1 undergoing a first-order phase transition. Meanwhile, sample x = 0.2 undergoes a second-order phase transition, which exhibits a high value of the relative cooling power (81.5 J/kg at ΔH = 10 kOe). An analysis of the critical behavior based on the modified Arrott plots method has been done for sample x = 0.2. The results proved a coexistence of the long- and short-range interactions in La0.5Sm0.2Ca0.3MnO3 compound.
A plasmaless, photochemical etch process for porous organosilicate glass films
Authors: Ryan E. Todd , Molis Steven E.
Published: December 2017

A plasmaless, photochemical etch process using ultraviolet (UV) light in the presence of NH3 or O2 etched porous organosilicate glass films, also called pSiCOH films, in a two-step process. First, a UV/NH3 or UV/O2 treatment removed carbon (mostly methyl groups bonded to silicon) from a pSiCOH film by demethylation to a depth determined by the treatment exposure time. Second, aqueous HF was used to selectively remove the demethylated layer of the pSiCOH film leaving the methylated layer below. UV in the presence of inert gas or H2 did not demethylate the pSiCOH film. The depth of UV/NH3 demethylation followed diffusion limited kinetics and possible mechanisms of demethylation are presented. Unlike reactive plasma processes, which contain ions that can damage surrounding structures during nanofabrication, the photochemical etch contains no damaging ions. Feasibility of the photochemical etching was shown by comparing it to a plasma-based process to remove the pSiCOH dielectric from between Cu interconnect lines, which is a critical step during air gap fabrication. The findings also expand our understanding of UV photon interactions in pSiCOH films that may contribute to plasma-induced damage to pSiCOH films.
Refractive indices vs deposition temperature of thin films of ethanol, methane and nitrous oxide in the vicinity of their phase transition temperatures
Authors: Drobyshev A. , Aldiyarov A. , Sokolov D. , Shinbayeva A. , Tokmoldin N.
Published: December 2017

This paper presents results of an experimental study of the dependence of deposition temperature on the refractive in dices of ethanol, methane and nitrous oxide, in the form of cryovacuum deposited thin films, in the vicinity of their structural transformation temperatures. The measurements were made using a two-beam laser interferometer in the temperature range 14–130 K. The refractive indices of ethanol, methane and nitrous oxide demonstrate clear non-monotonic dependence on deposition temperature in the vicinity of their structural phase transformation temperatures. It is speculated that the observed abrupt changes in the refractive indices are due to a difference in the number of translational and rotational degrees of freedom of the molecules existing in different phase states of these cryocrystals.
Absorption spectrum of thin films of KPb2(Cl1-xBrx)5 solid solutions
Authors: Miloslavsky V. K. , Kovalenko E. N. , Yunakova O. N. , Yunakov N. N.
Published: December 2017

The absorption spectra of thin films of KPb2(Cl1-xBrx)5 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are studied in the spectral range of 2–6 eV (T = 90 K). Solid solutions with a mixed monoclinic structure are formed at all concentrations 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and a tetragonal structure is found for 0.9 ≤ x ≤ 1. The temperature of the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transition in the solid solutions increases with the amount of Cl additive. The concentration dependences of the spectral location and half width of the long-wavelength exciton bands are the result of small-scale and large-scale fluctuations in the composition of the solid solution.
Is LiCoPO4 a pyroelectric?
Authors: Kolodyazhnaya M. P. , Zvyagina G. A. , Bilych I. V. , Zhekov K. R. , Kharchenko N. F. , Fil V. D.
Published: December 2017

The acoustoelectric transformation in single-crystal LiCoPO4 is studied. At temperatures corresponding to the paramagnetic phase, a piezoresponse to longitudinal elastic deformation parallel to the crystallographic a axis is observed. Arguments are introduced in support of identifying this compound as pyroelectric, as opposed to the generally accepted viewpoint which assigns it to the class of centrally symmetric crystals.
Non-destructive reversible resistive switching in Cr doped Mott insulator Ca2RuO4: Interface vs bulk effects
Authors: Shen Shida , Williamson Morgan , Cao Gang , Zhou Jianshi , Goodenough John , Tsoi Maxim
Published: December 2017

A non-destructive reversible resistive switching is demonstrated in single crystals of Cr-doped Mott insulator Ca2RuO4. An applied electrical bias was shown to reduce the DC resistance of the crystal by as much as 75%. The original resistance of the sample could be restored by applying an electrical bias of opposite polarity. We have studied this resistive switching as a function of the bias strength, applied magnetic field, and temperature. A combination of 2-, 3-, and 4-probe measurements provide a means to distinguish between bulk and interfacial contributions to the switching and suggests that the switching is mostly an interfacial effect. The switching was tentatively attributed to electric-field driven lattice distortions which accompany the impurity-induced Mott transition. This field effect was confirmed by temperature-dependent resistivity measurements which show that the activation energy of this material can be tuned by an applied DC electrical bias. The observed resistance switching can potentially be used for building non-volatile memory devices like resistive random access memory.
Explicit formula and meromorphic extension of the resolvent for the massive Dirac operator in the Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Idelon-Riton Guillaume
Published: December 2017

We study the resolvent of the massive Dirac operator in the Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter space-time. After separation of variables, we use standard one-dimensional techniques to obtain an explicit formula. We then make use of this formula to extend the resolvent meromorphically across the real axis.
On the relationship between the plateau modulus and the threshold frequency in peptide gels
Authors: Rizzi L. G.
Published: December 2017

Relations between static and dynamic viscoelastic responses in gels can be very elucidating and may provide useful tools to study the behavior of bio-materials such as protein hydrogels. An important example comes from the viscoelasticity of semisolid gel-like materials, which is characterized by two regimes: a low-frequency regime, where the storage modulus G′(ω) displays a constant value Geq, and a high-frequency power-law stiffening regime, where G′(ω) ∼ ωn. Recently, by considering Monte Carlo simulations to study the formation of peptides networks, we found an intriguing and somewhat related power-law relationship between the plateau modulus and the threshold frequency, i.e., Geq∼(ω*)Δ with Δ = 2/3. Here we present a simple theoretical approach to describe that relationship and test its validity by using experimental data from a β-lactoglobulin gel. We show that our approach can be used even in the coarsening regime where the fractal model fails. Remarkably, the very same exponent Δ is found to describe the experimental data.
Flexible magnetoelectric transducer with high magnetic field sensitivity based on Metglas/poly(vinylidene fluoride) heterostructures
Authors: Long Yibing , Qiu Jing , He Xingduo , Chang Qijie , Hu Zhenwen , Liu Huanbin
Published: December 2017

In this paper, the flexible magnetoelectric (ME) transducer consisting of FeSiB (Metglas)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is presented, whose ME coupling characteristics and ME sensing performance under different bend status have been investigated. It is found that an appropriate size of transducers is propitious to the ME coupling characteristics due to the demagnetization effect. In addition, with increase the bending angle (θ) of transducers from 0° to 50°, the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (MEVC) shows a reduction from 240.42 to 26.44 V/cm·Oe and 13.1 to 2.11 V/cm·Oe, at the resonance and low-frequency (1 kHz), respectively. Meanwhile, the induced ME voltage have an excellent linear relationship to ac magnetic field. An ultrahigh magnetic field sensitivity of 1.22 V/Oe and 0.11 V/Oe have been found under θ = 0° and 50°, respectively, which are positively comparable to the highest reported in the most recent polymer-based ME transducers. Moreover, the transducers can maintain the MEVC stable after an additionally bending cycles up to 1000 times, indicating the full flexibility and high stability of the mentioned transducers. Obviously, it demonstrates that the proposed FeSiB/PVDF transducers have great potential of being applied to wearable devices.
Analytical model of cracking due to rebar corrosion expansion in concrete considering the structure internal force
Authors: Lin Xiangyue , Peng Minli , Lei Fengming , Tan Jiangxian , Shi Huacheng
Published: December 2017

Based on the assumptions of uniform corrosion and linear elastic expansion, an analytical model of cracking due to rebar corrosion expansion in concrete was established, which is able to consider the structure internal force. And then, by means of the complex variable function theory and series expansion technology established by Muskhelishvili, the corresponding stress component functions of concrete around the reinforcement were obtained. Also, a comparative analysis was conducted between the numerical simulation model and present model in this paper. The results show that the calculation results of both methods were consistent with each other, and the numerical deviation was less than 10%, proving that the analytical model established in this paper is reliable.
Structural randomness improves results of H2 scattering calculations
Authors: Majors J. H.
Published: December 2017

Introducing static random disorder to the structure of Ru(0001) surfaces for calculating H 2  scattering probabilities results in better agreement with experimental observations.
Phosphorus-bearing molecules in the Galactic Center
Authors: Rivilla V M , Jiménez-Serra I , Zeng S , Martín S , Martín-Pintado J , Armijos-Abendaño J , Viti S , Aladro R , Riquelme D , Requena-Torres M , Quénard D , Fontani F , Beltrán M T
Published: December 2017

Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential elements for life due to its central role in biochemical processes. Recent searches have shown that P-bearing molecules (in particular PN and PO) are present in star-forming regions, although their formation routes remain poorly understood. In this letter, we report observations of PN and PO towards seven molecular clouds located in the Galactic Center, which are characterized by different types of chemistry. PN is detected in five out of seven sources, whose chemistry is thought to be shock-dominated. The two sources with PN non-detections correspond to clouds exposed to intense UV/X-rays/cosmic ray (CR) radiation. PO is detected only towards the cloud G+0.693−0.03, with a PO/PN abundance ratio of ∼1.5. We conclude that P-bearing molecules likely form in shocked gas as a result of dust grain sputtering, while are destroyed by intense UV/X-ray/CR radiation.
Importance of Transplanted Onions Contributing to Late-Season Iris yellow spot virus Epidemics in New York
Authors: Leach Ashley , Fuchs Marc , Harding Riley , Schmidt-Jeffris Rebecca , Nault Brian A.
Published: December 2017

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) is an economically significant tospovirus of onion transmitted by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman). IYSV epidemics in onion fields are common in New York; however, the role of various habitats contributing to viruliferous onion thrips populations and IYSV epidemics is not known. In a 2-year field study in New York, the abundance of dispersing onion thrips, including those determined to be viruliferous via reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, was recorded in habitats known to harbor both IYSV and its vector. Results showed that viruliferous thrips were encountered in all habitats; however, transplanted onion sites accounted for 49 to 51% of the total estimated numbers of viruliferous thrips. During early to midseason, transplanted onion sites had 9 to 11 times more viruliferous thrips than the other habitats. These results indicate that transplanted onion fields are the most important habitat for generating IYSV epidemics in all onion fields (transplanted and direct-seeded) in New York. Our findings suggest that onion growers should control onion thrips in transplanted fields early in the season to minimize risk of IYSV epidemics later in the season.
Update of a Systematic Review of Autoresuscitation After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Hornby Laura , Dhanani Sonny , Shemie Sam D.
Published: December 2017

Objectives:

There has been a growth in publications focusing on the phenomena of autoresuscitation in recent years. In 2010, we systematically reviewed the medical literature with the primary objective of summarizing the evidence on the timing of autoresuscitation. Healthcare professionals have continued to voice concerns regarding the potential for autoresuscitation. With this in mind, the objective of this brief report is to update the results of our original review of autoresuscitation.

Data Sources:

We applied the same search strategy described in our original article to update our findings to include articles published from January 2009 to September 2016.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

We screened an additional 1,859 citations, after duplicates were removed, and then assessed 46 full-text articles for eligibility, from which 15 studies were included for data extraction.

Data Synthesis:

During the time period of this review, there have been 1) 10 additional adult and three pediatric case reports of autoresuscitation in patients after cessation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation; in those cases with continuous monitoring and confirmation of circulation, the longest events are reported to be 10 and 2 minutes, respectively for adults and children; 2) six adults (4%, total n = 162) with autoresuscitation events reported from two observational studies and one chart review of patients undergoing withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy; the longest time reported to be 89 seconds with electrocardiogram and invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring and 3 minutes with electrocardiogram monitoring only; 3) 12 pediatric patients studied with vital sign monitoring during withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy without any reports of autoresuscitation.

Conclusions:

Although case reports of autoresuscitation are hampered by variability in observation and monitoring techniques, autoresuscitation has now been reported in adults and children, and there appears to be a distinction in timing between failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation and withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy. Although additional prospective studies are required to clarify the frequency and predisposing factors associated with this phenomenon, clinical decision-making regarding patient management under uncertainty is required nonetheless. Both adult and pediatric healthcare professionals should be aware of the possibility of autoresuscitation and monitor their patients accordingly before diagnosing death.
In Vitro Killing of Colorectal Carcinoma Cells by Autologous Activated NK Cells is Boosted by Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-induced ADCC Regardless of RAS Mutation Status
Authors: Turin Ilaria , Delfanti Sara , Ferulli Federica , Brugnatelli Silvia , Tanzi Matteo , Maestri Marcello , Cobianchi Lorenzo , Lisini Daniela , Luinetti Ombretta , Paulli Marco , Perotti Cesare , Todisco Elisabetta , Pedrazzoli Paolo , Montagna Daniela
Published: December 2017

Treatment of advanced metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients is associated with a poor prognosis and significant morbidity. Moreover, targeted therapies such as anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have no effect in metastatic patients with tumors harboring a mutation in the RAS gene. The failure of conventional treatment to improve outcomes in mCRC patients has prompted the development of adoptive immunotherapy approaches including natural killer (NK)-based therapies. In this study, after confirmation that patients’ NK cells were not impaired in their cytotoxic activity, evaluated against long-term tumor cell lines, we evaluated their interactions with autologous mCRC cells. Molecular and phenotypical evaluation of mCRC cells, expanded in vitro from liver metastasis, showed that they expressed high levels of polio virus receptor and Nectin-2, whereas UL16-binding proteins were less expressed in all tumor samples evaluated. Two different patterns of MICA/B and HLA class I expression on the membrane of mCRC were documented; approximately half of mCRC patients expressed high levels of these molecules on the membrane surface, whereas, in the remaining, very low levels were documented. Resting NK cells were unable to display sizeable levels of cytotoxic activity against mCRC cells, whereas their cytotoxic activity was enhanced after overnight or 5-day incubation with IL-2 or IL-15. The susceptibility of NK-mediated mCRC lysis was further significantly enhanced after coating with cetuximab, irrespective of their RAS mutation and HLA class I expression. These data open perspectives for combined NK-based immunotherapy with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies in a cohort of mCRC patients with a poor prognosis refractory to conventional therapies.
Split Tolerance in a Murine Model of Heterotopic En Bloc Chest Wall Transplantation
Authors: Oh Byoungchol , Furtmüller Georg J. , Malek Veronika , Fryer Madeline L. , Brayton Cory , Walczak Piotr , Janowski Miroslaw , Brandacher Gerald , Dorafshar Amir H.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Congenital and acquired chest wall deformities represent a significant challenge to functional reconstruction and may impact feasibility of heart transplantation for patients with end-stage organ failure. In the recent past, the concept of replacing like-with-like tissue by using vascularized composite allografts (VCA) has been enthusiastically employed for reconstruction of complex tissue defects.

Methods:

In this study, we introduce a novel murine model for en bloc chest wall, heart, and thymus transplantation and thereby the use of complex tissue allografts for reconstruction of both chest wall defects and also end-stage organ failure. Additionally, this model allows us to study the features of combined vascularized bone marrow (VBM), thymus, and heart transplantation on allograft survival and function. Heterotopic chest wall, thymus, and heart transplants were performed in untreated syngeneic and allogeneic combinations and in allogeneic combinations treated with costimulation blockade (CTLA4-Ig and MR-1).

Results:

Indefinite (ie, 150 d, N = 3) graft survival was observed in syngeneic controls. In untreated recipients of allogeneic grafts, the skin component was rejected after 10 (±1) days, whereas rejection of the heart occurred after 13 (± 1) days (N = 3). Costimulation blockade treatment prolonged survival of the heart and chest wall component (130 d, N = 3) as well as the VBM niche as evidenced by donor-specific chimerism (average: 2.35 ± 1.44%), whereas interestingly, the skin component was rejected after 13 (±1) days.

Conclusion:

Thus, this novel microsurgical model of VCA combined with solid organ transplantation is technically feasible and results in split tolerance when treated with costimulatory blockade.
Early Markers of Sickle Nephropathy in Children With Sickle Cell Anemia Are Associated With Red Cell Cation Transport Activity
Authors: Brewin John , Tewari Sanjay , Hannemann Anke , Al Balushi Halima , Sharpe Claire , Gibson John S. , Rees David C.
Published: December 2017

The early stages of sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) manifest in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) as hyperfiltration and proteinuria. The physiological conditions of the renovascular system are among the most conducive to hemoglobin S polymerization in the body and will magnify small changes in red cell volume thus crucially modulating intracellular concentrations of hemoglobin S. This large cross‐sectional study of children with sickle cell anemia measured glomerular filtration rates and microalbuminuria to report prevalence, clinical correlates and uniquely, association with key red cell cation transport mechanisms. One hundred and twelve patients (mean age 10.7 ± 4.1) were recruited. The prevalence of hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria was 98% and 15.1%, respectively. Glomerular filtration rates did not vary with age, but proteinuria became more prevalent with increasing age. Both features associated with markers of hemolysis, while elevated hemoglobin F was protective, but no association was seen with systolic or diastolic blood pressure. In multivariate analysis, both Gardos channel (β = 0.476, P < 0.001) and KCl co‐transporter (KCC; β = −0.216, P = 0.009) activity, alongside age (β = 0.237, P = 0.004), remained independently predictive for microalbuminuria. Increased activity of Gardos channel and Psickle positively associated with microalbuminuria, while increased KCC activity associated with a reduction in microalbuminuria. This study demonstrates a direct link between the abnormally active red cell cation transport systems in sickle cell disease and sickle organopathy. Small variations in the activity of these transport mechanisms predict for SCN and measurement of them may help identify those at risk, while pharmaceutical manipulation of these excessively active systems may ameliorate their risk.
Reduced‐Intensity Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced‐Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Engert Andreas , Goergen Helen , Markova Jana , Pabst Thomas , Meissner Julia , Zijlstra Josée M. , Král Zdenek , Eichenauer Dennis A. , Soekler Martin , Greil Richard , Kreissl Stefanie , Scheuvens Ruth , Eich Hans , Kobe Carsten , Dietlein Markus , Stein Harald , Fuchs Michael , Diehl Volker , Borchmann Peter
Published: December 2017

The international, randomized phase 3 HD15 trial established 6xeBEACOPP as standard therapy for patients with newly diagnosed advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) within the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG). We performed a follow‐up analysis to assess long‐term efficacy and safety of this approach. Between 2003 and 2008, 2182 patients aged 18 to 60 years were recruited and randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio between 8 or 6 cycles of eBEACOPP or 8 cycles of the dose‐dense BEACOPP‐14 regimen, each followed by 30 Gy radiotherapy in case of positron emission tomography (PET)‐positive residual lesions ≥2.5 cm. The study aimed at demonstrating non‐inferiority regarding efficacy of the 2 experimental arms on a significance level of 2.5% each. The intention‐to‐treat analysis comprised 2126 patients with a median follow‐up of 102 months. Ten‐year progression‐free survival was 81% (97.5% CI 77–85) with 8xeBEACOPP, 84% (80–87) with 6xeBEACOPP, and 84% (80–87) with 8xBEACOPP‐14; the non‐inferiority margin of 1.51 for the hazard ratio (HR) could be excluded for both comparisons (6xeBEACOPP, HR = 0.7, 97.5% CI 0.5–1.0; 8xBEACOPP‐14, HR = 0.9, 97.5% CI 0.7–1.2). Overall survival at 10 years was 88% (85–91), 90% (88–93), and 92% (89–94), respectively. A total of 142 second malignancies corresponding to 10‐year cumulative incidences of 10%, 7%, and 7% and standardized incidence ratios of 4.3, 2.5, and 2.8 were reported for 8xeBEACOPP, 6xeBEACOPP, and 8xBEACOPP‐14, respectively. This updated analysis of the HD15 trial thus confirms the efficacy and reports on the long‐term safety of a shortened first‐line chemotherapy consisting of 6xeBEACOPP followed by PET‐guided radiotherapy in advanced‐stage HL.
Linking the Essential Core Competencies to Pediatric Content in an Entry-Level Physical Therapy Education Curriculum: A Case Report
Authors: Cech Donna , Krzak Joseph J. , Anderson Deborah K.
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose.

In 2012, the Section on Pediatrics (SoP) established five Essential Core Competencies in Entry-Level Pediatric Physical Therapy Education representing the expected pediatric knowledge base, skills, and abilities of all graduating physical therapist (PT) students. To facilitate the integration of the Core Competencies within curricula and to achieve intended academic objectives, educators need tools to connect or “link” specific didactic content to each of the five Core Competencies and their associated subcriteria. The purpose of the current case report was to introduce a novel systematic approach using linking rules to demonstrate comprehensive inclusion of Essential Core Competencies within professional (entry-level) PT education programs.

Case Description.

Course descriptions and objectives within the curriculum of an accredited entry-level physical therapy professional program were reviewed for pediatric content. Two investigators independently assigned pediatric curriculum content to the 5 Essential Core Competencies using 10 linking rules. A third investigator was used to establish a consensus during the linking process. Frequencies and percentages representing the inclusion of each of the competencies and their associated subcriteria were calculated. Percent agreement and Cohen's kappa (κ) between the two independent investigators were calculated to evaluate the interrater reliability of the linking process.

Outcomes.

One hundred sixty-five (17%) of the 976 course objectives within the entry-level physical therapy professional program contained pediatric content. All 5 of the Essential Core Competencies were represented at varying degrees: human development (17%), age-appropriate patient/client management (51%), family-centered care for all patient/client and family interactions (6%), health promotion and safety (12%), and legislation, policy, and systems (7%). The remaining objectives (7%) were considered either General Pediatric Content or Not Covered by the Core Competencies, or Not Definable. The linking process had substantial interrater reliability (κ = 0.76; standard error = 0.09; 95% confidence interval = 0.60–0.93) between the two independent investigators.

Discussion and Conclusion.

A systematic approach to linking pediatric curriculum content to the Essential Core Competencies was introduced and applied using an integrated professional (entry-level) physical therapy education program. Such reliable systematic processes support best educational practice by confirming that all relevant pediatric content is preserved throughout an integrated physical therapy curriculum and ensures that PT students are provided with the essential knowledge base, skills, and abilities needed to successfully work with children. Future research should apply the linking strategies to nonintegrated physical therapy curricula, programs in other geographic regions, and content outside of pediatrics.
Activities of the THOR-AABB Working Party
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Spinella Philip C.
Published: December 2017

The AABB (formerly the American Association of Blood Banks) is an international authority on transfusion medicine and tissue banking. The Trauma, Hemostasis and Oxygenation Research (THOR) Network is an international multidisciplinary network of civilian and military providers ranging from first responders and medics to critical care physicians and from basic scientists to clinical trialists. The THOR Network's vision is to improve outcomes from traumatic hemorrhagic shock by optimizing the acute phase of resuscitation. Its mission is to develop and implement best practices for prehospital care through to the completion of the acute phase of hemorrhagic shock resuscitation. Thus, there is significant overlap between the missions of these two groups. To this end, the joint THOR-AABB Working Party (WP) was created in the summer of 2016 with a view to improving patient outcomes by the establishment of a formal collaboration between these two groups. The WP has been engaged in many different endeavors, from successfully changing the AABB's standards for the administration of whole blood, to writing commentaries on the safety of unncrossmatched red blood cells and antibody titer methods and thresholds in potentially incompatible plasma products, to hosting a daylong symposium on blood product resuscitation of massively bleeding patients in conjunction with the AABB annual meeting. This review details the activities of the WP and indicates some future activities.
Microfluidics: A high-throughput system for the assessment of the endotheliopathy of trauma and the effect of timing of plasma administration on ameliorating shock-associated endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Diebel Lawrence N. , Martin Jonathan V. , Liberati David M.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Early resuscitation after trauma-hemorrhagic shock with plasma rather than crystalloid may ameliorate systemic endothelial cell (EC) injury and dysfunction (endotheliopathy of trauma). We postulated that endothelial-lined microfluidic networks would be a useful platform to study the EC activation/injury under flow conditions to mimic trauma-hemorrhagic shock. We then used the microfluidic system to further characterize the protective effects and optimal timing of plasma infusion on the development of “endotheliopathy of trauma” in our model.

METHODS

Human umbilical vein ECs were added to microfluidic flow channels, and after overnight perfusion, the cells were subsequently treated with epinephrine and exposed to hypoxia reoxygenation. Media alone or 5% human plasma was perfused either immediately following treatment (early plasma) or after a 3-hour delay (late plasma). Glycocalyx injury was indexed by fluorescent microscopy and shedding of syndecan 1 and hyaluronic acid. Endothelial markers of activation/injury were also measured and included soluble thrombomodulin, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and angiopoietins 1 and 2. Sheddase activity was indexed by ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17.

RESULTS

Endothelial cell and glycocalyx barrier function studies using microfluidic devices are a more realistic model of the glycocalyx endothelial vascular barrier than studies performed on ECs using static (no flow) conditions. Conditions that mimic the internal milieu following hemorrhagic shock result in glycocalyx degradation and an inflammatory prothrombotic response by the endothelium. “Early” use of plasma in the microfluidic channel perfusate mitigated against these effects. Later perfusion with plasma had no protective effect.

CONCLUSIONS

A temporal effect to plasma administration was noted in our biomimetic model of the endothelial vascular barrier following shock. This suggests a protective role to “early” plasma administration in the severely injured patient.
A Profile of Neuro-Ophthalmic Practice Around the World
Authors: Frohman Larry P.
Published: December 2017

Background:

To compare contrast neuro-ophthalmic practice in various countries, an 18-question survey was sent to the international North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society (NANOS) members in the spring of 2016.

Methods:

At least 1 NANOS member was contacted for each non-US nation in the NANOS membership roster. If there were multiple NANOS members from 1 country, multiple were contacted. If responses were received from more than 1 person from a single country, the first response received was used as the source data. The survey (in English) was emailed to 47 NANOS members from 31 countries. Twenty responses were received representing members from 15 nations.

Results:

In all 15 nations, at least half of the neuro-ophthalmologists were trained as ophthalmologists. In 60% of nations, at least half of the neuro-ophthalmologists were trained internally, whereas in 33% of countries, at least half were trained in the United States. The number of physicians who practiced a significant amount of neuro-ophthalmology ranged from low (0.08/million, India) to high (3.10/million, Israel). Countries having the highest percentage of neuro-ophthalmologists exclusively practicing neuro-ophthalmology also were those with better patient access to neuro-ophthalmic care. Requirement of approval to see a neuro-ophthalmologist or for imaging studies requested by neuro-ophthalmologists was not typical. In most nations, academic neuro-ophthalmologists were paid a straight salary. In no nation were neuro-ophthalmologists paid more than another ophthalmic subspecialty.

Conclusions:

Individual national health care system designs and compensation models have had a profound influence on the rewards and challenges that face neuro-ophthalmologists. There seems to have been a connection between recognition of the discipline, financial rewards of neuro-ophthalmic practice, conditions that permit full-time neuro-ophthalmic practice, and patient access to care. A higher percentage of gross national product for health care did not seem to insure an adequate supply of neuro-ophthalmologists.
Transgenerational cues about local mate competition affect offspring sex ratios in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Duncan Alison B. , Marinosci Cassandra , Devaux Céline , Lefèvre Sophie , Magalhães Sara , Griffin Joanne , Valente Adeline , Ronce Ophélie , Olivieri Isabelle
Published: December 2017

This preprint has been reviewed and recommended by Peer Community In Evolutionary Biology (https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.evolbiol.100051). In structured populations, competition for mates between closely related males, termed Local Mate Competition (LMC), is expected to select for female-biased offspring sex ratios. However, the cues underlying sex allocation decisions remain poorly studied. Here, we test for several cues in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, a species that was previously found to adjust the sex ratio of its offspring in response to the number of females within the local population, i.e. a patch. We here investigate whether the offspring sex ratio of T. urticae females changes in response to 1) the current number of females in the same patch, 2) the number of females in the patches of their mothers and 3) their relatedness to their mate. Single females on patches produced similar sex ratios to those of groups of 15 females; their mothers had been in identical conditions of panmixia. The offspring sex ratios of females mated with their brother did not differ from those of females mated with an unrelated male. Females however produced a more female-biased offspring sex ratio if their mothers were alone on a patch compared to 15 other females. Thus, maternal environment is used as a cue for the sex allocation of daughters. We discuss the conditions under which the maternal environment may be a reliable predictor of LMC experienced by grand-sons.
Species delimitation in the presence of strong incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization: lessons fromOphioderma(Ophiuroidea: Echinodermata)
Authors: Weber Alexandra Anh-Thu , Stöhr Sabine , Chenuil Anne
Published: December 2017

Accurate species delimitation is essential to properly assess biodiversity, but also for management and conservation purposes. Yet, it is not always trivial to accurately define species boundaries in closely related species due to incomplete lineage sorting. Additional difficulties may be caused by hybridization, now evidenced as a frequent phenomenon. The brittle star cryptic species complexOphioderma longicaudaencompasses six mitochondrial lineages, including broadcast spawners and internal brooders, yet the actual species boundaries are unknown. Here, we combined three methods to delimit species in theOphioderma longicaudacomplex and to infer its divergence history: i) unsupervised species discovery based on multilocus genotypes; ii) divergence time estimation using the multi-species coalescent; iii) divergence scenario testing (including gene flow) using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) methods. 30 sequence markers (transcriptome-based, mitochondrial or non-coding) for 89O. longicaudaand outgroup individuals were used. First, multivariate analyses revealed six genetic clusters, which globally corresponded to the mitochondrial lineages, yet with many exceptions, suggesting ancient hybridization events and challenging traditional mitochondrial barcoding approaches. Second, multi-species coalescent-based analyses confirmed the occurrence of six species and provided divergence time estimates, but the sole use of this method failed to accurately delimit species, highlighting the power of multilocus genotype clustering to delimit recently diverged species. Finally, Approximate Bayesian Computation showed that the most likely scenario involves hybridization between brooders and broadcasters. Our study shows that despite strong incomplete lineage sorting and past hybridization, accurate species delimitation inOphiodermawas possible using a combination of complementary methods. We propose that these methods, especially multilocus genotype clustering, may be useful to resolve other complex speciation histories.

Highlights

Multivariate analysis was used for species delimitation

SixOphiodermaspecies were delimited using nuclear and mitochondrial data

Ophiodermaspeciation history is complex and included hybridization

Mitochondrial and nuclear histories differed, challenging barcoding approaches

We propose that using multilocus genotypes can resolve complex speciation histories
Pollinator Species Richness Trends: No Decelerating Declines in Dutch Bees and Bumblebees
Authors: Van Dooren Tom J. M.
Published: December 2017

Temporal trends (1946–2013) in the species richness of wild bees from the Netherlands are analysed. We apply two methods to estimate richness change which both incorporate models for sampling effects and detection probability. The analysis is repeated for records with specimens deposited in collections, and a subset restricted to spatial grid cells that have been sampled repeatedly across three periods. When fitting non-linear species accumulation curves to species numbers, declines are inferred for bumblebees and at most limited declines for other bees. Capture-recapture analysis applied to species encounter histories infers a constant colonization rate per year and constant (bumblebees) or decreasing (other) local species survival. However, simulations suggest that the method estimates time trends in survival with a negative bias. Species richness trends predicted by the second approach are a 10% reduction in non-Bombus species richness and 29% fewer Bombus species since 1946, comparable to the predictions of the first approach. Neither analysis provides reliable evidence that decelerating declines in species richness occur in these taxa. Therefore we should not infer decelerating declines in pollinator species richness in N-W Europe as previously claimed.
sFlt-1 (sVEGFR1) induces placental endoplasmic reticulum stress in trophoblast cell: implications for the complications in preeclampsia- an in vitro study
Authors: Mochan Sankat , Dhingra Manoj Kumar , Varghese Betsy , Gupta Sunil Kumar , saxena Shobhit , Arora Pallavi , Rani Neerja , Sharma Arundhati , Luthra Kalpana , Dwivedi Sadanand , Bhatla Neerja , Kumar Rani , Dhingra Renu
Published: December 2017

Background

The concentration of sFlt-1, a major anti-angiogenic protein in maternal circulation has been seen to be raised in preeclamptic pregnancies. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress represents one of the three (immunological, oxidative and ER stress) major stresses which placenta undergoes during pregnancies. The present study is designed to investigate the role of sFlt-1 in induction of ER stress in trophoblast cells.

Materials and Methods

Maternal serum levels of anti-angiogenic protein sFlt-1 and central regulator of unfolded protein response GRP78 was measured using sandwich ELISA. The expression of various ER stress markers (GRP78, eIF2α, XBP1, ATF6 and apoptotic protein CHOP) were analyzed depending on various treatments given to the trophoblast cells using Immunofluorescence, western blot and q-RT PCR.

Results

Increased expression of ER stress markers (GRP78, eIF2α, XBP1 ATF6 and apoptotic protein CHOP) was detected in the placental trophoblast cells treated with raised concentration of sFlt-1.

Conclusion

Significant upregulated expression of ER stress markers in trophoblast cells exposed with increased concentration of sFlt-1 suggested that it may be one of the anti-angiogenic factors present in maternal sera which not only contributes to oxidative stress but also may cause endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Toward open manufacturing
Authors: Li Zhi , Wang W.M. , Liu Guo , Liu Layne , He Jiadong , Huang G.Q.
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a cross-enterprises framework to achieve a higher level of sharing of knowledge and services in manufacturing ecosystems.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors describe the development of the emerging open manufacturing and discuss the model of knowledge creation processes of manufacturers. The authors present a decentralized framework based on blockchain and edge computing technologies, which consists of a customer layer, an enterprise layer, an application layer, an intelligence layer, a data layer, and an infrastructure layer. And a case study is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the framework.

Findings

The authors discuss that the manufacturing ecosystem is changing from integrated and centralized systems to shared and distributed systems. The proposed framework incorporates the recent development in blockchain and edge computing that can meet the secure and distributed requirements for the sharing of knowledge and services in manufacturing ecosystems.

Practical implications

The proposed framework provides a more secure and controlled way to share knowledge and services, thereby supports the company to develop scalable and flexible business at a lower cost, and ultimately improves the overall quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of manufacturing services.

Originality/value

The proposed framework incorporates the recent development in edge computing technologies to achieve a flexible and distributed network. With the blockchain technology, it provides standards and protocols for implementing the framework and ensures the security issues. Not only information can be shared, but the framework also supports in the exchange of knowledge and services so that the parties can contribute their parts.
IoT-based production logistics and supply chain system – Part 1
Authors: Tu Mengru , Lim Ming K. , Yang Ming-Fang
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The lack of reference architecture for Internet of Things (IoT) modeling impedes the successful design and implementation of an IoT-based production logistics and supply chain system (PLSCS). The authors present this study in two parts to address this research issue. Part A proposes a unified IoT modeling framework to model the dynamics of distributed IoT processes, IoT devices, and IoT objects. The models of the framework can be leveraged to support the implementation architecture of an IoT-based PLSCS. The second part (Part B) of this study extends the discussion of implementation architecture proposed in Part A. Part B presents an IoT-based cyber-physical system framework and evaluates its performance. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts a design research approach, using ontology, process analysis, and Petri net modeling scheme to support IoT system modeling.

Findings

The proposed IoT system-modeling approach reduces the complexity of system development and increases system portability for IoT-based PLSCS. The IoT design models generated from the modeling can also be transformed to implementation logic.

Practical implications

The proposed IoT system-modeling framework and the implementation architecture can be used to develop an IoT-based PLSCS in the real industrial setting. The proposed modeling methods can be applied to many discrete manufacturing industries.

Originality/value

The IoT modeling framework developed in this study is the first in this field which decomposes IoT system design into ontology-, process-, and object-modeling layers. A novel implementation architecture also proposed to transform above IoT system design models into implementation logic. The developed prototype system can track product and different parts of the same product along a manufacturing supply chain.
Sustainable supply chain management practices and performance
Authors: Wang Jing , Dai Jun
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute significantly to the empirical investigations related to the impact of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices on performance in Chinese firms. The paper also aims to theorize and empirically assess a comprehensive SSCM practices and performance model. The model incorporates two aspects of SSCM practices: internal and external management, and analyses the impact on corporate sustainability performance from all dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper develops a conceptual model to investigate the impact of SSCM practices on the firm performance. Based on the data of 172 Chinese firms, this paper analyzes the impact of SSCM practices on firm economic performance, environmental performance, and social performance for each dimension by using PLS structural equation methods.

Findings

The results show that firm’s internal SSCM practices have a positive impact on firm’s environmental performance and social performance. Moreover, environmental performance and social performance are positively related to economic performance.

Originality/value

A comprehensive SSCM practices performance model is proposed and empirically assessed for Chinese firms. The results of this investigation support the hypotheses that SSCM practices are environmentally and socially necessary and are favorable for business. A series of approach and implications of SSCM practices is recommended.
Integrating a creativity, innovation, and design studio within an academic library
Authors: Zaugg Holt , Warr Melissa C.
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the efforts to set up a creativity, innovation, and design (CID) studio within an academic library. This paper will describe the reasons for creating a CID studio, assessment of the pilot study, and next steps.

Design/methodology/approach

The assessment used surveys, interviews, focus groups and observations of students and faculty to determine how well the CID fits into the library.

Findings

Initial findings indicate that the CID studio is a good fit within the library space as learning activities in it support collaboration, discovery, and integration of library services. However, noise issues, equipment needs, and expansion of space are key future needs.

Research limitations/implications

As libraries move from simple repositories of information to places of learning and collaboration, a CID studio space provides an opportunity to integrate learning opportunities with library services.

Originality/value

Through the first iteration, the CID has a unique and purposeful place within an academic library. It provides the opportunity for greater integration of library services. However, future iterations need to address key issues of space, equipment, and noise.