bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rare incidence of averting ‘maternal near-miss’ in a case of spontaneous uterine rupture in shock
Authors: Biswas Jayanta K. , Gupta Sanjaya K.
Published: January 2022

Uterine rupture is a rare but catastrophic obstetric emergency associated with significant feto-maternal morbidity and mortality. There are various risk factors and wide spectrum of clinical presentations have been identified; previous cesarean delivery being most common risk factor. Spontaneous rupture of unscarred uterus is infrequently encountered, but very dangerous for both mother and fetus as remotely suspected. Usually, spontaneous rupture of primigravida uterus is considered almost immune as it is rare but not unheard of; it may occur before or after onset of labour, at term or preterm and with or without fetal heart rate abnormality. The reported case was such a case of spontaneous unscarred uterine rupture with favourable outcome for both mother and baby.
A laparoscopic management of Swyer syndrome in a woman with pure 46XY gonads and hypoplastic dysgenesis-a rare presentation
Authors: Sathyamurthy Kaavya , Moideen Nilufer
Published: January 2022

Swyer syndrome is also known as complete/pure gonadal dysgenesis & is associated with an absence of testicular differentiation in a phenotypic female with a 46, XY karyotype. A 23-year-old married girl had come with complaints of primary infertility. She was averagely built & nourished. She had well developed secondary sexual characteristics like  breast development,  axillary hairs, and  pubic hairs (Tanners stage 4) secondary to receiving HRT for getting  menses. External genitalia was of female type. Karyotype showed genotype of 46, XY. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed hypoplastic uterus with rudimentary fallopian tubes , and fibrotic gonad like tissue. A diagnosis of Swyer syndrome was made. The patient was started on hormonal replacement therapy. Dysgenetic streak gonads were removed laparoscopically . Pathologic examination revealed seminiferous tubules ,rete testis & epididymis without evidence of malignant transformation. The patient tolerated the procedure well . Thus laparoscopic prophylactic gonadectomy revealed to be an economical ,straightforward and simple procedure in this patient & risk of neoplasia could be prevented.
Intrapartum posterior wall rupture in unscarred uterus during labour augmentation with oxytocin; a case report
Authors: Verma Divya , Kumar Sanjeev , Sharma Premveetrag
Published: January 2022

Intrapartum rupture of unscarred uterus during labour augmentation is an exceedingly rare occurrence with very few case reports of this entity in the literature. We intend to report such case to highlight the importance of constant vigilance during oxytocin infusion even in patients with unscarred uterus. The 27 years old lady who had a previous normal vaginal delivery, came in early labour at term gestation. Augmentation of labour was done with oxytocin. After 30 mins of starting oxytocin patient complained of severe pain abdomen and on CTG fetal heart dropped to 70 bpm. Despite all measures fetal heart rate did not pick up and patient was taken up for cesarean section. Intraoperatively, posterior uterine wall ruptured was found with baby and placenta lying in the abdominal cavity. Baby had a low Apgar score and died on third day. Uterine rupture repair was done and patient was discharged on 5th postoperative day. Although oxytocin has excellent safety record in unscarred uterus, the possibility of rupture uterus should be kept in mind in relevant clinical scenario.
Comparison of different treatments used for polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Llamas Miriam C. , Montejano Javier Méndez , Vergara Maritza Del C. Mudarra , Muñoz Aldhara Z. Cordero , Vargas María G. Ramírez , Otero Andrea Lira , Martínez Luis A. Pineda , Torres José M. Zepeda , Díaz Miriam C. Pérez
Published: January 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease that currently affects many women of reproductive age. In recent years, the incidence of PCOS has increased, affecting 4% of all women worldwide, with a prevalence of 6% in Mexico. PCOS is a condition characterized by different metabolic, reproductive and hormonal disorders such as hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, menorrhagia or infertility. Patients commonly develop clinical alterations such as hirsutism, acne and in some cases, they become overweight or obese. Different medications and therapeutic methods from different literatures were evaluated, both pharmacological such as inositol, metformin, resveratrol, simvastatin, dapagliflozin, which showed great improvement, decreasing the levels of hyperandrogenism in patients, as well as non-pharmacological, of which significant improvements were found with a change in lifestyle, such as exercise, ketogenic diet and herbal medications such as chamomile and cinnamon, which showed a positive change in patients. It is important to make a diffusion and early diagnosis of PCOS, since in this way it will be possible to have a timely treatment, which can be individualized according to the characteristics and needs of each patient.
Relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice of adults to the National Health Insurance Scheme and their health seeking behaviour in Unguwar soya, Kabong ward of Jos north LGA, Plateau state-Nigeria
Authors: Anthony Ebenezer C. , Abner Jemima , Adediran Bukunmi T. , Ogundeko Timothy O. , Bassi Amos P. , Ramyl Crown M. S.
Published: January 2022

Background: Health seeking behaviour includes all those behaviour associated with establishing and retaining a healthy state, plus aspects of dealing with the departure from that state, which can generally be improved by health care financing and insurance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) of the people of Unguwar soya community and its relationship to their health seeking behaviour.Methods: The study one was a cross sectional community based descriptive study carried out using a multi stage sampling process in Unguwar soya community, Plateau state, Nigeria. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was utilized and administered to 252 eligible respondents for a period of 3 months (September-November, 2019).Results: Majority of the respondents were aged 20-29 years (33.7%), females (63.5%), with majority earning above 30,000 naira (25.8%). Most respondents (59.5%) had heard about NHIIS. Most (70.7%) had good attitude towards NHIS and had the desire to enroll under NHIS (70.3%), mostly because of Subsidization of health care cost. Only 13.3% of the respondents are registered with NHIS. The most of the population visit chemist shops when ill (31.2%), however, majority of NHIS enrollees go to hospitals to seek care. None of those enrolled go to health centers, pharmacies, and home of health workers. 90.1% agreed that their health seeking behaviour will improve if enrolled under NHIS.Conclusions: Index population has inadequate awareness and low practice of the NHIS also with long run impact on the health seeking behaviour of residents of Unguwar soya community.
A training model for the community healthcare volunteers’ knowledge on periodontal disease and birth outcome
Authors: Muthiah Nisa , Adiatman Melissa , Bahar Armasastra
Published: January 2022

Background: Indonesian community healthcare volunteers and pregnant women have not received sufficient special training; they lack knowledge about periodontal disease risks during pregnancy and childbirth. The purpose of this research was to increase community healthcare volunteers' knowledge about periodontal disease, which is a risk during pregnancy and childbirth.Methods: The 9 step theory based training model included stages from problem identification to evaluation that would be incorporated into dental and oral health education programs at public health centers. A quantitative pre-experiment with one subject group compared pre-test and post-test designs. Dentists provided 9-step training to 53 community healthcare volunteers at a health center, East Jakarta. Fifty pregnant women were then given similar training by the community healthcare volunteers.Results: The result was an increase in knowledge among community healthcare volunteers and pregnant women (α=0.05; p=0.000 with the Wilcoxon test). No significant difference was observed on educational aids between flipchart and puzzle cards in increasing knowledge among community healthcare volunteers (p=0.969 with an independent t-test) and pregnant women (p=0.359 with the Mann-Whitney test).Conclusions: The 9-step theory–based training model was found to be effective in increasing knowledge among community healthcare volunteers. Flipchart and puzzle cards were equally effective in increasing knowledge among community healthcare volunteers and pregnant women.
Risk factor analysis of HIV/AIDS incidence in HIV/AIDS risk groups in Bitung city
Authors: Asrifuddin Afnal , Maddusa Sri Seprianto , Mantjoro Eva Mariane
Published: January 2022

Background: HIV or human immunodeficiency virus is a virus that attacks the human immune system which then has an impact on the decline in the immune system, causing a disease called AIDS. There were 2,384 cases of HIV/AIDS in north Sulawesi, namely 742 cases of HIV and 1,642 cases of AIDS. The highest number of HIV AIDS cases found in Manado city and Bitung city was also due to the ongoing implementation of the continuous counseling service (LKB), namely for Manado city there were 15 health centers and Bitung city in 9 health centers. This study aimed to analyse the risk factors for the incidence of HIV/AIDS in the HIV/AIDS risk group in Bitung city.Methods: This research was an analytic observational study with a case control study design. The population of this study was all groups at risk of HIV/AIDS who live in the city of Bitung. The sample in this study was for the group at risk of HIV/AIDS which was divided into groups of positive and negative diagnosed as HIV/AIDS sufferers as many as 150 people. The sampling technique in this study was using the snowball sampling technique.Results: Univariate analysis showed that the majority of respondents came from the male sex group 53 respondents (35.3%) and the least came from the IDU group 5 respondents (5.3%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that based on the analysis obtained the value of risky sex behavior (p=0.000, OR=6.35), blood transfusion (p=0.265, OR=2.64) and history of STI (p=0.042, OR=4.21).Conclusions: This study has proven that risky sexual behavior and history of STIs have a relationship with the incidence of HIV/AIDS. In addition, risky sexual behavior, blood transfusions and history of STIs are risk factors for the incidence of HIV/AIDS in Bitung city.
Non-adherence to medications among patients with mental disorders attending tertiary care in Oman
Authors: Al Maqbali Mandhar H. , Almashrafi Maryam R. , Alrisi Khalid A. , Albreiki Mohamed H. , Asiri Waddah M. , Aljaradi Abdullah S.
Published: January 2022

Background: The primary aim of this study was to quantify the degree of non-adherence to medications among patients with mental health disorders attending a psychiatry clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Muscat, Oman.Methods: All patients attending the psychiatry clinic during the study period were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Demographic data and factors related to medication adherence were gathered from the participants. The level of adherence to medication was measured using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS).Results: A total of 251 patients were included in this study. The average MARS score was 5.7, indicating an overall poor level of compliance. Having an educational level of secondary school, a diagnosis of schizophrenia, having had a mental health condition for a longer time, previous history of admission to a psychiatry unit, lack of insight and poor therapeutic alliance were found to be significantly association with low level of adherence to psychiatric medications.Conclusions: Non-adherence to medications is common among patients with mental health disorders. In order to mitigate the impact of medication non-adherence in a psychiatric setting, appropriate interventions are recommended to address and manage the factors related to poor medication adherence.
Stress, coping and resilience in times of COVID-19: an online psychological intervention for women
Authors: Becerra Gálvez Ana L. , Pérez Alejandro , Lugo Isaías V. , Pérez Yuma Y. , Franco América G. , Medina Erick A. , Anguiano Sandra A.
Published: January 2022

Background: In the COVID-19 pandemic, women are a vulnerable group because they are more prone to suffering mental health problems. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of an online Cognitive-Behavioral intervention on stress, coping, and resilience in a group of women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.Methods: Employing a single-group pre-test and post-test design and an intentional non-probabilistic sampling, 43 participants received training in cognitive-behavioral techniques, during five synchronous sessions on a videoconferencing platform.Results: Participants reported moderate perceived stress before and after the intervention (Mdn =15). Changes were observed in four of the five dimensions of the Mexican resilience scale (p≤0.05; r≥0.442) as well as, in the distancing and positive appraisal subscales of the ways of coping questionnaire (p≤0. 05; r≥0.456).Conclusions: Telepsychology is a low-cost, feasible, and effective remote intervention modality to promote more adaptive coping and resilience behaviours during a health emergency.
Journey to vaccination using a heuristic approach in Pakistan: a qualitative study
Authors: Tabassum Farhana , . Nazia , . Tooba , Nooruddin Shanila , Hussain Imtiaz , Umer Muhammad , Feroz Khaild , Aarif Shabina , Soofi Sajid , Habib Atif
Published: January 2022

Background: Immunization has significant health benefits particularly for children. Despite the rigorous efforts, immunization coverage in Pakistan has stagnated over the last decade.Methods: 42 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted in polio high-risk areas of Pakistan involving mothers, fathers, polio workers and vaccinators to identify influencing and non-influencing factors that serve as a cue to action for childhood immunization using the heuristic approach contributing to journey to vaccination.Results: Participants shared different underlying fears and psychosocial factors concerning vaccines such as painful neonatal experiences, doubts, fear of vaccine-related side effects, distrust, treatment, morbidity and mortality of their children. Parents in favour of vaccinating their children, when afflicted with traumatic experiences, skipped vaccines for the time being. When counselled by the health-care providers they started vaccination again.  While refusal parents were very rigid and after witnessing any harrowing vaccine-related experience, their decision not to vaccinate became stronger.Conclusions: Vaccination uptake is significantly influenced by vaccine-related traumatic life experiences which need to be explored and addressed timely as vaccine-hesitancy can become a more serious threat to global health.
Effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding dietary management of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women attending outpatient department
Authors: Chauhan Ramesh S. , John Rashmi P. , Lata Suman , Deo Sujata
Published: January 2022

Background: Anaemia is a big health issue in the world, and iron deficiency anaemia is one of the commonest types of anaemia amongst them. The incidence rate of anaemia during pregnancy has been reported high around 40-80%. This study aimed to observe the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding dietary management of iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women attending outpatient department (OPD).Methods: The research approach was quantitative and one group pre-test – post-test control design sample size was 80 women selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique fulfilling the inclusion criteria.Results: The researcher compared the calculated t value i.e. 6.04 with the critical value (2.00) on 0.05 level of significance (df=79). Since the calculated value lied beyond the critical value the alternative hypothesis was accepted. So there was a significant change in the pre-test and post-test knowledge score of pregnant women regarding dietary management on iron deficiency anemia.Conclusions: The researcher concluded that the self-instructional module was helpful in improving the level of knowledge among pregnant women. Self-instructional module can be a part of antenatal clinics/OPD and we can apply this for the future studies for prevention of anemia and management of anemia among pregnant women.
Performance of community health centres for providing non-communicable diseases services: non-communicable diseases clinics and context for actions
Authors: Rao Gangadhar
Published: January 2022

Background: The increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has been seen as a significant development barrier in the twenty-first-century era. In 2016, nearly 4.1 crore mortalities happened due to noncommunicable diseases only, equivalent to 71% of the overall 5.7 crore deaths.Most of these mortalities were triggered by the four main NCDs, like cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes. These NCDs have become one of the significant health systems challenges in developing countries.Methods: The current study is a concurrent mixed methodological approach which gives equal weightage.Results: The study has identified nine significant domains from the qualitative part. The content analysis was used for quantitative approach which has found that nearly 89.6% feels services are available and 10.4% feels there are lacuna in services. The diseases distribution was diabetes 25.3%, cardiovascular diseases account for 30.9%, chronic respiratory account for 26.9%, cancer 3.9%, and multimorbidity accounts for 12.6%. From the content analysis, it is understood from the beneficiaries that whenever the healthcare professional is free, they are providing the promotive and preventive service, 59.5%.Conclusions: It was understood that the NCD clinics are functional. The NCD clinics are providing the basic services for majority of NCDs. Although the lacuna exists in the health systems with respect to human resources and other factors. There is increased utilization of services compared with past. The role efficacy was found to be high.
Knowledge about antenatal care and warning signs in pregnancy among pregnant females of Nandpora area
Authors: Ain Syed Najmul , Gull Shayista , Gilani Mohamad Azhar
Published: January 2022

Background: Knowledge gap about antenatal care and warning signs in pregnancy can result in adverse consequences in pregnancy and can also affect the developing foetus.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nandpora area of Block Hazratbal in 2018. Pregnant women who came to the subcentre Nandpora for registration of pregnancy in this year were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire was used. Information was collected about the demographic details, details of the pregnancy and the questions related to knowledge about the antenatal care and warning signs in pregnancy. Data was entered in microsoft excel 2010 and analysed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.Results: Mean age was 33 (±4.6) years, 40% of the women were pregnant for second time and 67% were illiterate. About 73% of women were aware that at least 4 antenatal check-ups are necessary and about 84% knew that two doses of tetanus vaccine are required. About 89% of the women said that IFA tablets are necessary. About 51% of the women were aware of the bleeding per vaginum as being the warning sign in pregnancy. Fever and convulsions were reported as warning signs by about 49% of the subjects.Conclusions: The women in our study had adequate knowledge about the antenatal care but there was low knowledge about the danger signs in pregnancy. The healthcare workers must be involved in improving the knowledge about danger signs of pregnancy by giving one to one knowledge to pregnant females at antenatal visits besides also creating awareness in the community.
Cluster investigations of the COVID-19 in the UT of Dadra Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, India
Authors: Sanghai Ankush , Khan Vikram , Zala Dolatsinh B. , Mahyavanshi Darshan , Das Vatte Katt
Published: January 2022

Background: This study presents the various variables of the first cluster of COVID-19 was identified in the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India. Methods: The investigation design combined active case findings, contact tracing, and containment policy around each confirmed case. The various epidemiological parameters were counted with the verbal autopsy of confirmed cases and possible contacts. Results: It was a small-scale cluster that started with an imported case. In this cluster, a total of 18 infected persons, 243 high-risk contact, and 105 low-risk contacts were identified. The entire positives were linked to each other within a single chain of transmission, therefore; Airborne, droplet, and hand-to-hand transmissions were suspected.Conclusions: The results of the present study were suggested that early detection, active surveillance, testing of suspected cases, isolation of cases, quarantine of contacts are the key objectives to contain the COVID-19 disease cluster. But we have to keep in mind that what are variables affecting the objectives of the cluster contentment at the grassroots level.
Has the COVID-19 lockdown wreaked havoc on diet and lifestyle choices?
Authors: S. Manjula , U. Sharath
Published: January 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic induced nationwide lockdown affected the 1.3 billion population of India. Home confinement and isolation have caused sudden lifestyle and dietary changes. A healthy diet is crucial in this period. Studies have shown that subjects with severe obesity and smokers are at higher risk of COVID-19. Such studies can help advocate nutritional interventions to support the health status of people. Hence this study aims to investigate the impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on dietary behavior and lifestyle habits of adults.Methods: This is a cross sectional study done in Chengalpattu district with a sample size of 150 adults. Two-stage random sampling was done and a semi structured, self-administered online questionnaire was used. IBM statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) v.21 was used for analyses.Results: In this study 46% people reported snacking more during the COVID-19 lockdown. An increase in alcohol consumption was seen in 14.6% and 45% smokers experienced a rise in smoking frequency. There was a 2.6% decrease in the number of people spending time for physical fitness during lockdown and the perception of weight gain was observed in 46.7% of respondents. Sleep duration seemed to have improved in the lockdown with 64.7% people sleeping for 7-9 hours during lockdown, compared to only 40.7% people before lockdown.Conclusions: The current study found that there was a negative impact of lockdown on the dietary habits and lifestyle choices of the people. Hence it is important to advocate appropriate nutritional interventions and create awareness among people about healthy diet and lifestyle choices during these the COVID-19 pandemic.
High screen time and associated factors among high-school students in an urban setting of Kerala: a cross sectional study
Authors: Nair Anjana Nalina Kumari Kesavan , Jayan Anjana Jayanthi Jayan , Santhosh Mithra Mary , Santhosh Anand , Lalichen Laviya Mariya , Indu Pillaveetil Sathyadas
Published: January 2022

Background: Screen time (ST) is the time spent in sedentary behaviors involving screen based media (SBM) like watching television, playing games, using computers and mobile phones. This situation is a matter of concern because excessive screen time is associated with the risk of excess weight gain, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, low cardiorespiratory fitness. In a study conducted in urban resettlement in New Delhi, 68% of adolescents engage in using SBM for more than 2 hours. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of excess screen time and factors associated with it among school going adolescents in Kerala.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 130 students of age group 12-15 years studying in schools located in urban area of Thiruvananthapuram district from August 2019 to October 2019. Stratified sampling technique was used. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was entered in MS Excel and was analyzed using appropriate statistical software.Results: The proportion of students who had high screen time was 87.7%. Mobile phones were the most frequently used gadget. Male gender OR-8.3 (95% CI- 1.7-40.3), less duration of sleep OR-0.34 (95% CI- 0.15-3.12), and low socio-economic status OR-0.21 (95% CI- 0.21-0.96) were found to be associated with high screen time among high school students in Kerala.Conclusions: The study observed that 87.7% of high school students engage in using Screen based media for more than 2 hours. In this study male gender and short sleep duration were found to be associated with excess screen time.
Impact of supplementary nutrition on the nutritional status of children below six years of age registered under ICDS in Gandhinagar
Authors: Chavada Mallika V. , Prajapati Jagruti D. , Macwana Jayprakash , Oza Jaydip R. , Patel Twinkle R. , Prajapati Drashtant R.
Published: January 2022

Background: Under nutrition has significant impact on morbidity and mortality of the children of age group 0-6 years. ICDS is working to combat under nutrition of these children since many years by providing supplementary nutrition. Objective of this study is to determine the progress in the nutritional status of the children of age group 0-6 years registered under ICDS who are taking benefit of supplementary nutrition from anganwadi.Methods: To determine the progress in the nutritional status of the children of age group 0-6 years registered under ICDS who are taking benefit of supplementary nutrition from anganwadi.Results: A cross sectional study was conducted at anganwadi centers under field practice area of urban health and training centre, Sector -24, GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar in the month of November and December 2019. Total 200 children fit to inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled from 3 anganwadi centre. The structured baseline questionnaire was used to include basic socio-demographic detail, detail of anthropometry measurement and regularity in attendance etc. WHO growth chart V 3.2.2 was used to calculate the Z score for the weight for height (wasting), weight for age (underweight) and height for age (stunting).Conclusions: High prevalence of Stunting and wasting in anganwadi children is alarming as may have overall developmental effect in future. Engagement of community and family members and focus on other socio demographic risk factors from childhood malnutrition is need of the ICDS program.
Menstrual taboos and social restrictions affecting good menstrual hygiene management among reproductive age group female students
Authors: Kaur Rajanbir , Kaur Kanwaljit , Kaur Rajinder
Published: January 2022

Background: Awareness about menstruation and menstrual hygiene is an important aspect of health education for adolescent girls and pre-menopausal women. Taboos and socio-cultural restrictions still overcome the scientific facts and hygienic health practices among females of different communities. The present study was designed to assess the knowledge, awareness, beliefs, restrictions and practices regarding menstruation among the undergraduate and postgraduate females of Amritsar city of Punjab.Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted among two hundred female students pursuing different degree courses in the university. A pre-designed questionnaire contains thirty five questions related to socio-demographic profile, knowledge and practices and different socio-cultural and environmental factors which affects menstrual hygiene.Results: The study results elicited that majority of the participants know that menstruation was a physiological process and poor menstrual hygiene leads to urinary and reproductive tract infections. As most of the participants were from middle class families residing in the urban areas of the city, they faced fewer restrictions and can access and afford sanitary napkins easily.Conclusions: This study shows a significant association between the age and knowledge of the participants regarding menstrual hygiene practices. The education status of the parents plays an important role in the good menstrual hygiene practices of the participants.
Tool development and validation of the oral cancer patient and diagnostic interval measure
Authors: Philip Phinse Mappalakayil , Kannan Srinivasan
Published: January 2022

Background: The poor survival rates observed in oral cancer can be improved if diagnosed early. A greater understanding of the patient and diagnostic interval in the diagnostic journey of oral cancer is vital for facilitating early diagnosis. The non-availability of a validated tool for measuring these intervals impedes early diagnosis research.  The present study aimed to develop a tool to measure the patient and diagnostic intervals for early oral cancer diagnosis researchers.Methods: To include appropriate questions to get the exact days, the researcher has first searched for published articles on the subject. This was followed by consultations with health care providers. The list of variables finalized through these iteration processes was circulated among the experts for establishing content validity. The face validity of the conceptually equivalent local language version of the tool was also assessed. The tool was developed as an interview schedule.Results: The final tool had 16 symptom response categories and 14 other questions. Items with a content validity index of 0.8 or above were only included. The validated tool was further used in a cross-sectional study on patient interval. The most common initial symptoms recognized by the participants were non-healing ulcer with pain (n=97), tooth mobility (n=26), and non-healing ulcer without pain (n=25).Conclusions: A tool was developed and validated for collecting various time points for measuring various time points in the diagnostic journey of oral cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first tool for measuring patient intervals and diagnostic interval in oral cancer.
Attitude and practice towards COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers in Kerala
Authors: Thomas Enid Elizabeth , Kumaran Jayasree Anandabhavan
Published: January 2022

Background: COVID-19 is a major public health challenge for the whole world. The introduction of vaccines in such a short span of time is a great achievement, but this has also received mistrust and hesitance among the public as well as Healthcare workers (HCW).Methods: This was a descriptive study done during the period of April 2021-May 2021 to assess the attitude and practice towards COVID-19 vaccination among HCW in Kerala. Data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire and the data was analyzed using Epi info software.Results: The study was done among 126 HCW whose mean age was 31.60±7.8 SD years. Majority (91.3%) agreed that COVID-19 vaccine is necessary to control the pandemic and 81.7% had already taken and 11.1% were planning to take soon. Duration of protection (61.1%), protection against new strains (57.1%), inadequate studies on long term effects (47.6%) and inadequate clinical trials (26.9%) were the most common concerns. 79.6% had experienced adverse effects following vaccination. Fever (51.4%), injection site pain (45.6%) and myalgia (41.7%) were the most common adverse effects experienced.Conclusions: Most of the HCW had positive attitude and practice towards COVID-19 vaccination. Only minor adverse effects were reported. But there were still concerns regarding the same which should be addressed.
Epidemiological profile of Parkinson’s disease: a hospital based descriptive study
Authors: R. Maanasa , Narasimhan R. Lakshmi , S. Kalpana , S. Valarmathi , G. Srinivas
Published: January 2022

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD), in general, is categorized into five stages based on Hoehn and Yahr staging marking its clinical progression, and is associated with various comorbidities. The diagnosis of PD, however, is relied on clinical manifestations that occur after significant neurological damage in patients. Objective of current study was to study the epidemiological profile of PD patients to identify their stage at diagnosis, associated comorbidities and their treatment-seeking behaviour. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at the Movement disorders outpatient department where a total of sixty patients with a clinical diagnosis of PD were enrolled. They were correlated with the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale for staging assessment and questioned regarding other chronic illness they suffer, if any, using a standardized questionnaire for comorbidity assessment and treatment procedure they underwent.Results: The patients reported for the study were mostly males (63%) with a mean age of 58 years. Among them, 90% of patients were at Stage I and II of illness and 63% had some comorbidity like Hypertension while 37% of patients had no comorbidity. Most of them (58%) were diagnosed and treated immediately on the appearance of the first clinical symptom at Government institutions. Also, we found that 70% of patients had no awareness of PD. Conclusions: Thus we conclude that the early stage of disease observed in most patients, despite longer duration may suggest that early diagnosis can help in alleviation of symptoms. However, this observation needs a larger study to provide better and conclusive evidence.
Menstrual problems and mental health issues: exploring the propinquity among adolescent girls in private high schools of Mysuru
Authors: N. Renuka , Kulkarni Praveen , Shabadi Nayanabai , B. C. Sunil , M. R. Narayana Murthy
Published: January 2022

Background: Menstruation is a normal physiological process that begins during adolescence and may be associated with various symptoms with their onset, before, during or after the menstrual flow. Menstrual problems are generally perceived as an only minor health concern and thus given less importance. This study aimed to find the relationship between menstrual problems and mental health.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted to find out the relationship between the menstrual problems and mental health issues among school going students in the age group of 13 – 16 years. 320 adolescent girls of randomly selected high schools located in Mysuru were studied by self-administered pretested semi structured questionnaire.Results: Among 320 adolescent girls included in the present study, 93% had one or other kind of menstrual problems. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, irregular cycles, premenstrual syndrome, and amenorrhea were 55%, 43%, 14.4%, 52.8% and 5% respectively. Prevalence of stress, depression and anxiety were 35%, 66.2% and 62.8% respectively. There was a statistically significant association between dysmenorrhea, anxiety, and stress.Conclusion: Prevalence of menstrual problems as well as mental health problems was found to be high among adolescent girls. There was a significant association between dysmenorrhea, anxiety, and stress. Thus, there is a need to undertake regular screening activities for the adolescent girls on both menstrual and mental health problems in order to detect them early and provide essential support.
Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder in sitting professionals
Authors: Arora Shrushti N. , Khatri Subhash
Published: January 2022

Background: Modern workplaces have shifted the nature of occupations from active to sedentary and promote lengthy sitting behaviour. It has been reported that people sit more than 8 hours per day. Musculoskeletal disorders are amongst the main occupational health challenges in today's world and exist in numerous occupations. The objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of MSD among sitting professionals.Methods: The study was a cross sectional. The inclusion criterion was both male and females working with desktop/ laptop for more than 4 hours daily for the past one year. The sample size was 100. Subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, informed consent was obtained. The participants were later instructed to fill up the questionnaire.Results: The common prevalence of work related MSD reported during last 12 months based on their body location was; neck 45%, shoulders 5%, upper back 38%, wrist/hand 8%, lower back 52%, knees 23% ankle/feet 4% respectively, where the highest suffered region of the body was lower back. The prevalence of work related MSD reported during last 7 days based on their body locations were neck 32%, upper back 13% and lower back 18% where the highest suffered body part was neck.Conclusions: The study suggested that the prevalence of MSD is there in population who have to sit for a long duration of time, affecting low back and neck regions the most.
The effect of hinged supracondylar knee ankle foot orthosis on gait parameters in children with spastic cerebral palsy having knee hyperextension and ankle equinus
Authors: Sahoo Ullas Chandra , Sahoo Smrutiprava
Published: January 2022

Background: In cerebral palsy, importance must be given on effective and efficient walking. 30 subjects; 16 males and 14 females (mean age 6.5 year) of spastic cerebral palsy with knee hyperextension and ankle equines were included in this study and were fitted with bilateral moldedhinged SKAFO with pair of shoes.Methods: Observational gait analysis by video recording was performed and gait parameters by 10 m walk test and knee angle at mid stance using goniometer in standing position were recorded in bracing and non-bracing conditions.Results: The orthosis controlled knee hyperextension by not restricting normal flexion and extension moment with smooth transition of ankle motion. There was significant improvement in step length; stride length as well as knee angle at midstance (with orthosis) but velocity and cadence were reduced as compared to bare foot walking.Conclusions: A stable, natural and controlled knee hyperextension gait pattern was found.
COVID-19 vaccination in India: is it in right direction?
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Singh Mahendra , Semwal Bheem Dutt
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which has spread rapidly throughout the world. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. The pandemic has severely ravaged health systems and economic and social progress globally. In India, 3,36,52,745 confirmed COVID-19 cases and over 4,46,918  deaths have been reported as of 25 Sep 2021. Symptoms of COVID-19 most commonly manifests as fever, dry cough, shortness of breath and tiredness. Most people (80%) experience mild disease and recover without hospitalization, while around 20% may become more seriously affected. While countries, including India, have taken strong measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 through better diagnostics and treatment, vaccines will provide a lasting solution by enhancing immunity and containing the disease spread. In response to the pandemic, the vaccine development process has been fast-tracked. COVID-19 vaccination dry run: just like army drills, dry run is a dummy process that helped the government assesses how ready we are for the COVID-19 immunization at the national level. It also highlighted any shortcomings in the mechanism laid out for the coronavirus vaccine drive so that we can address them before time and avoid any difficulty or problems during the actual immunization process. After administration of vaccine in population and recent research study has been done in India- that efficacy of Covishield vaccine is more than Covaxin vaccine.
Overview of health risk communication strategies in the context of COVID-19 vaccination in India
Authors: Shah Anuradha Kunal , Pal Swarnika
Published: January 2022

Vaccines are being considered as the most promising approach to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) authorized restricted emergency use of two vaccines, Covishield and Covaxin on 3rd January 2021. The vaccination drive in India was launched on 16th January 2021. Conducting vaccination at this scale in a country like India is a daunting task because of inherent demographical challenges comprising different ages, incomes, and linguistic profiles of people. An effective health risk communication (HRC) strategy is highly important to reach out to the masses and make them realize the importance of vaccination. It is a crucial pillar for developing national core capacity during emerging infectious diseases. Studying the five months post vaccine rollout in India and assessing the communication strategies based on the principles of HRC is going to provide us good insights into how India has fared in this context. Efforts for COVID-19 vaccination have reached a crucial juncture with the roll-out of vaccination for the largest age group of 18-44 years since 1st May 2021. Transparent, clean and precise answers about facts are either known or unknown, need to be maintained. Vaccine-related myths and higher reporting of deaths due to unknown causes must be stopped. The media must proof check all vaccine-related news with relevant and confirmed scientific materials only and present it with the necessary disclosures. This review focussed on an overview of health risk communication strategies in the context of COVID-19 vaccination in India.
Combination of systemic terbinafine (250 mg) twice daily and itraconazole (100 mg) twice in a pulse dose in resistant tinea infection
Authors: Shumi Farhana R. , Shamim Sarker M. A. , Afroz Rabeya , Sharmin Shumana , Kabir Sharmin , Mumtaz Fahima
Published: January 2022

Background: The management of tinea is challenging in Bangladesh and there are reports of using systemic antifungals at higher doses. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of systemic terbinafine (250 mg) twice daily and itraconazole (100 mg) twice in a pulse dose in resistant tinea infection.

Methods: It was a prospective, observational study conducted in the department of dermatology and venereology, Dhaka Dermatology Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh from November 2020 to October 2021. Clinically confirmed cases of tinea corporis et cruris were recruited by random sampling techniques for the study and followed up for 12 weeks, till the completion of their treatment. Patients who were pregnant, lactating, non-consensual, as well as those who had a history of anti-mycotic treatment within 2 weeks prior to baseline visit were excluded from the study.

Results: A total of 30 patients were randomly assigned treatment and included in the study. According to within 4 weeks 11 (36.33%) patients were significantly improved and 19 (63.33%) patients were non-significantly improved, >4 week to till 8 weeks 16 (84.21%) patients were improved significantly and 3 (15.79%) patients were improved non-significantly and >8 week to till 12 weeks 3 (100%) patients were improved properly. Mycological cure was achieved in 25 (82.89%) patients, clinical cure rate was achieved same in 24 (79%) patients and complete cure rate was achieved 30 (100%) patients.

Conclusions: The combination of systemic terbinafine (250 mg) twice daily and itraconazole (100 mg) twice in a pulse dose therapy may be an effective and safe therapeutic strategy in the management of registrant tinea infection.
An epidemiological outline of acne vulgaris in non-obese patients at a tertiary care center in south India
Authors: Mathai Vinay Varghese , Gangaiah Narendra , Thimmappa Veena , Gundappa Pavithra
Published: January 2022

Background: A brief clinical vignette of the clinico-epidemiological data of acne vulgaris patients at a tertiary care center as the data seems particularly lacking in this field with respect to non-obese patients.

Methods: A total of 80 patients who were not obese and had no features of virilization attending the dermatology outpatient department at Sri Siddhartha medical college, Tumkur were enrolled in this descriptional study. A detailed questionnaire and proforma was utilized to record data pertaining to history and physical examination.

Results: A total of 55% (n=44) were males and 45% (n=36) were females and acne vulgaris was maximally seen in the 20-29 years age group, 60% (n=48). In this study 50% (n=40) of the study subjects were students, 22.5% (n=18) housewives.76.5% (n=61) subjects had presented with complaints of acne over the face. The 37% (n=30) subjects who presented had a duration of onset less than 6 months. All subjects had involvement of the cheek and 27.5% (n=22) had involvement of chest and back. Mild grade of acne vulgaris was observed in 72% (n=58), moderate grade in 23% (n=18), severe and very severe grade in 5% (n=4).

Conclusions: Acne vulgaris is one the most common dermatoses encountered by dermatologists. Any new information in the clinico-epidemiological aspects of this frequently met condition will help in preventive and management of acne vulgaris especially catering to the patient needs.
Estudantes de um curso técnico em enfermagem e inclusão: Relato de experiência
Authors: Dos Santos Angela Maria , Nunes Maria Angélica Pinto
Published: January 2022

Objetivo. Este trabalho, enquanto um relato de experiência, tem o objetivo de mostrar como a compreensão e a criação de hábitos por parte de estudantes de um curso técnico em enfermagem auxilia o atendimento de pessoas com deficiência nos serviços de saúde. Desenvolvimento. Através de pesquisas sobre o tema inclusão, os estudantes participantes do projeto, puderam verificar quais as necessidades que um profissional da enfermagem tem frente ao atendimento de pessoas com deficiência, e apontaram aspectos importantes a serem observados em um primeiro contato com as pessoas com deficiências e seus familiares. O trabalho foi desenvolvido semanalmente com estudo de artigos e livros e criação e desenvolvimento de materiais didáticos que foram avaliados por profissional da educação especial para serem utilizados, para o ensino de enfermagem, em um processo de inclusão. Implicações. Este relato aponta que as pesquisas bibliográficas relacionadas às questões de acessibilidade e inclusão mostraram aos estudantes a importância do conhecimento da diversidade e permitiram a eles, além da criação de materiais, também elencar procedimentos para o atendimento inicial a cada tipo de deficiência, o que auxilia a recepção de pacientes em um hospital ou qualquer unidade básica de saúde.Palavras-chave. Serviços de saúde; Pessoas com deficiência; Técnico de Enfermagem; Inclusão. AbstractObjective. This work, as an experience report, aims to show how the understanding and creation of habits by students of a technical nursing course, considering aspects related to the care of people with disabilities in health services. Development. With the research on the theme of inclusion, students verify what the needs that a nursing professional has regarding the care of people with disabilities and point out important aspects to be observed in a first contact with people with disabilities and their families. The work was developed weekly with the study of articles and books and the creation and development of teaching materials that were evaluated by a special education professional to be used, for nursing education, in an inclusion process.Implications. This report shows that bibliographic research related to accessibility and inclusion issues showed students the importance of knowledge of diversity and allowed them, in addition to creating materials, to also list procedures for the initial care to each type of disability, which helps the initial approach in a hospital or any basic health unit.Keywords. Health service; Disabled people; Nursing technician; Inclusion.