bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS FOR INTERVAL TRAIN SEPARATION
Authors:   N. S. Solomenko Institute for Transportation Problems, Russian academy of sciences, Kokurin I.M.
Published: October 2021

The article substantiates technological and technical solutions that expand the application of design standards for railway automation and remote control systems, regulating the development and opera- tion of systems for interval control of train traffic. Based on the analysis of the methods for arranging automatic block signal system and signal signs of automatic train control, used as an independent signaling and communication device during train movement, it has been proved that determining the lengths of block sections at specified train-to-train and intervals reduces the carrying capacity of the hauls. It has been established that a significant increase in the working capacity of the hauls is achieved when determining the lengths of “fixed” block sections by calculating the maximum stopping distances of trains on each haul, and the lengths of the “running” blocks - on the basis of the operatively calcu- lated stopping distances of each ride, passing along the given section. Particular attention is paid to the application of the cognitive (research) method of using the knowledge and experience of interacting railway transport specialists in the field of creation, design and operation of the systems for interval control of train traffic. The directions of development of software for existing and created information systems that serve graphists-technologists, field dispatchers and machinists have been determined. It is shown that the use of the method of simulation modeling of train movement links the times of arrival and departure of trains with the beginning and end of station technological operations, which expands the possibilities of taking into account the influence of technical and organizational factors on the assessment of the working capacity and processing capacity of train stations. It is proposed to supplement the software of the method with a set of algorithms that determine the required working capacity of railway lines, stations, sections, lines and directions for a given number of trains of various high-speed categories, taking into account the prospect of providing possessions for repair work, de- pending on the planned volumes transportation.
Características Demográficas do Centro Histórico de São Luís
Authors: Costa Silva João Ricardo , Alcântara Júnior José Odval
Published: October 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo fazer uma análise sobre as alterações demográficas no centro histórico de São Luís no decorrer de três décadas, através da aglutinação de dados estatísticos, nas quais projetos e ações urbanísticas de preservação do conjunto arquitetônico, transformaram o referido local no principal símbolo representativo da cidade. Na reflexão são trazidos dados de natureza empírica oriundos de uma classificação dos moradores residentes e domicílios do referido espaço urbano, tendo por escopo contribuir para o melhor refinamento das reflexões sobre as políticas públicas para preservação do centro histórico de São Luís.
Organizaciones criminales en América Latina: una discusión conceptual y un marco comparativo para su reinterpretación | Criminal organizations in Latin America: a comparative conceptual framework for its reinterpretation
Authors: Alvarado Arturo
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo analiza la evolución y los impactos de las organizaciones criminales armadas presentes en una proporción mayoritaria de las ciudades y países de América Latina, que ha erosionado la vida económica, social y la gobernanza democrática. El texto desarrolla un análisis de las organizaciones ilícitas, discute los alcances del concepto de Crimen Organizado (CO) y propone una categoría más incluyente de Organización Criminal (OC), para lograr una explicación más comprensiva que integra más agrupaciones, sus propósitos, sus relaciones sociales, políticas y entre ellas. Todas ejercen formas predatorias contra la población. Algunas son forjadoras de un nuevo orden coercitivo criminal.
Brazilian Foreign Policy for Immigrants and Refugees: New Concepts and Ethical Issues
Authors: Georg Uebel Roberto Rodolfo
Published: October 2021

In the last decades, Brazil has received about 2,1 million immigrants, according to the Federal Police. In this contingency, migration flows from Latin America, Caribbean and West African coast can be highlighted, represented respectively by Haitians, Cubans, Venezuelans, Bolivians, Senegalese and Ghanaians. Thus, this paper will discuss the role of Brazilian Foreign Policy, as a legal tool to coordinate Brazil’s immigration agenda and it aims to present the possibilities of the practical application of public policies for immigrants and refugees in the country based on the ethical challenges encountered by the Brazilian State and by the immigrants themselves, vis-à-vis to the foregoing context. Also, the paper will also present a brief immigration overview of Brazil, as well as launching for debate the concept of Brazilian Foreign Policy for Migrants and Refugees and its ethical challenges and delimitations in the Brazilian migration governance.
O gênero influencia a intensidade do eco do quadríceps femoral em indivíduos jovens e saudáveis?
Authors: Betta Canever Jaquelini , Moura Bruno Monteiro de , Diefenthaeler Fernando , Lima Kelly Mônica Marinho e
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A análise da intensidade do eco (IE) pode ser obtida por meio da ultrassonografia a partir de reflexões de ondas ecográficas do tecido e vem sendo amplamente utilizada para identificar danos nos tecidos no contexto clínico e desportivo. As mulheres podem ter mais tecido adiposo que homens, o que pode refletir em maior infiltração de gordura no músculo e, dessa forma, influenciar os valores de IE. Objetivo: Verificar se o gênero influencia a IE do quadríceps femoral em indivíduos jovens e saudáveis. Materiais e Métodos: Dezenove jovens saudáveis (9 mulheres e 10 homens; 26.0 ± 7.0 anos; 28.0 ± 6.0 kg/m2) participaram do estudo. Foram adquiridas seis imagens de ultrassom dos músculos reto femoral (RF), vasto lateral (VL) e vasto medial (VM), bilateralmente e em repouso. Os valores de IE foram estabelecidos por meio da função histograma do software ImageJ®, cuja escala de cinza varia de 0 (preto) a 255 (branco). Para comparar a IE entre gênero, foi utilizado o teste estatístico ANOVA de modelo misto com nível de significância de ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre a IE do quadríceps de homens e mulheres (p = 0.679). Os valores médios de IE encontrados foram 135,18 ± 11,86, 126,74 ± 14,05 e 131,36 ± 12,81 A.U. para RF, VL e VM, respectivamente. Conclusão: O gênero não parece influenciar os valores de IE do quadríceps femoral em indivíduos jovens e saudáveis, o que pode representar uma semelhante composição muscular entre homens e mulheres com índice de massa corpórea normal. Mais estudos devem investigar diferentes idades e índice de massa corpórea.
A CURRENT VIEW OF PFAPA-SYNDROME (MARSHALL SYNDROME) IN CHILDREN (clinical observation)
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy, LUTFULLIN ILDUS YA. , SALUGINA SVETLANA O. ,   Research Institute of Rheumatology named after V.A. Nasonova, Moscow, DAMINOVA MARIA A. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, GAZIZOV ILNAZ M. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: October 2021

Background. PFAPA syndrome is the most common cause of recurrent fever in children. Despite the long history of the disease, the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease have not been definitively established. Aim. Analysis of the scientific medical literature on PFAPA syndrome (Marshall syndrome) with the presentation of personal clinical observation. Material and methods. An analysis of the medical literature devoted to the problem has been performed. A clinical case of a child with Marshall syndrome is presented. Results and discussion. The nature of the disease is associated with cytokine dysfunction and dysregulation of the inflammasome, which allows it to be classified as an autoinflammatory syndrome. The diagnosis of the disease is based on clinical and history criteria, the specificity of which has been questioned in recent years; new diagnostic criteria are now proposed. Despite the absence of double­blind randomized clinical trials, there is a wealth of experience with therapeutic approaches to PFAPA syndrome, includingВЕСТНИК СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ 2021 Том 14, вып. 479ИЗ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОГО ОПЫТАthe administration of glucocorticoids, colchicine, and tonsillectomy. Our clinical example illustrates the problem of late diagnosis of PFAPA syndrome, the effectiveness of using glucocorticoids to control attacks as first­line therapy, and the need for different therapeutic approaches and differential diagnosis in complicated cases of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases. Conclusion. PFAPA syndrome is the most prevalent hereditary periodic fever syndrome. The exact epidemiology of the disease has not been studied, but it is assumed that the number of diagnosed cases is significantly lower than the actual prevalence of the disease. Attempts to revise the diagnostic criteria of PFAPA syndrome are currently underway. Despite the lack of randomized double­blind clinical trials to date, therapeutic strategies continue to improve.
The effect of electronic learning strategy on the quality of educational service from the economic point of view: the case of Iraq
Authors:   Middle Technical University, Al-Najar Dijla Mahdi Mahmood
Published: October 2021

The massive technological revolution of communication and information imposes a need to adopt new strategies based on methodological foundations that are compatible with contemporary technologies, where the use of technology in economy has become an urgent necessity, since traditional economy is no longer suitable for the new generation. The purpose of the research was to answer the following question: what is the effect of the e-learning strategy on the quality of educational services of technical institutes in Iraq? In order to conduct the research, the author applied the descriptive analytical method. The relevant data were obtained from 60 students of the accounting department of Kut Technical Institute. The variables studied are the department management quality, the professor quality and the curriculum quality. The author of the research has made a number of conclusions, including the proof of the presence of a statistically significant effect of e-learning on the quality of educational services. The research stresses the need to raise awareness of the importance of e-learning among students and its positive impact on achieving the quality of services in education.
Digital economy as a factor in increasing the competitiveness of countries and industries: a quantitative analysis
Authors:   National Research Mordovian State University, Sergushina Elena , Leontyev Dmitriy ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Kozhukalova Oxana ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University (MPGU), Dambayeva Irina ,   Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BINM SB RAS), Bekhorashvili Nana ,   First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University
Published: October 2021

The paper touches upon various aspects of the digital economy and its stages of its formation. The authors of the research present relevant data on the development of the digital economy both in the world and the Russian Federation, and forecast some of the consequences of the introduction of digital technologies based on quantitative analysis and modeling. The authors have analyzed several business models that appeared after the spread of large databases, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and other digital technologies. Based on the analysis as of 2020, it has been concluded that transition to digital technologies enhances the competitiveness of national economies.
The Fragility of Significance in the Hip Arthroscopy Literature
Authors: Parisien Robert L. , Trofa David P. , O’Connor Michaela , Knapp Brock , Curry Emily J. , Tornetta Paul , Lynch T. Sean , Li Xinning
Published: October 2021

Background:

The purpose of the present study was to perform the first examination of the utility of p values and the degree of statistical fragility in the hip arthroscopy literature by applying both the Fragility Index (FI) and the Fragility Quotient (FQ) to dichotomous comparative trials. We hypothesized that dichotomous comparative trials evaluating categorical outcomes in the hip arthroscopy literature are statistically fragile.

Methods:

The PubMed and MEDLINE databases were queried from 2008-2018 for comparative studies evaluating dichotomous data in the hip arthroscopy literature. The present analysis included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs in which dichotomous data and associated p values were reported. Fragility analysis was performed with use of the Fisher exact test until an alteration of significance was determined.

Results:

Of the 5,836 studies screened, 4,156 met the search criteria, with 52 comparative studies included for analysis. One hundred and fifty total outcome events with 33 significant (p < 0.05) outcomes and 117 nonsignificant (p ≥ 0.05) outcomes were identified. The final FI incorporating all 150 outcome events from 52 comparative studies was only 3.5 (interquartile range, 2 to 6), with an associated FQ of 0.032 (interquartile range, 0.017 to 0.063). Twenty-two studies (42.3%) either failed to report loss to follow-up (LTF) data or reported LTF greater than the overall FI of 3.5.

Conclusions:

The peer-reviewed hip arthroscopy literature may not be as stable as previously thought, as the sole reliance on a threshold p value has proven misleading. We therefore recommend reporting of the FI and FQ, in conjunction with p values, to aid in the evaluation and interpretation of statistical robustness and quantitative significance in future comparative hip arthroscopy studies.
Fractures of the Base of the Fifth Metatarsal Bone
Authors: Bušková Kamila , Bartoníček Jan , Rammelt Stefan
Published: October 2021

» Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal (PFMT) are one of the most common foot injuries, accounting for 61% to 78% of all foot fractures, but full consensus on their classification, diagnosis, and treatment has not yet been reached.

» The most commonly accepted classification is that of Lawrence and Botte, who divided the location of PFMT fractures into 3 zones with respect to their healing potential.

» Avulsion fractures of the tuberosity of the base (zone 1) generally heal well, and nonoperative treatment is commonly recommended.

» Internal fixation may be considered for displaced fractures that extend into the fourth-fifth intermetatarsal joint (zone 2) as well as for nondisplaced fractures in athletes or high-demand patients, with the aims of reducing the healing time and expediting return to sport or work.

» Stress fractures of the proximal diaphysis (zone 3) are preferably treated operatively, particularly in the presence of signs of delayed union. With nonoperative treatment, supportive measures such as ultrasonography or external/extracorporeal shockwave therapy have been demonstrated to have limited potential for the enhancement of fracture-healing.
Исследование формирования сообществ обрастания в условиях установки регулируемого потока воды
Authors: Звягинцев А. Ю. , Масленников С. И. , Цветников А. К. , Бегун А. А. , Григорьева Н. И.
Published: October 2021

Для испытания противокоррозионных и антиобрастающих защитных покрытий разработан наземный стенд — установка регулируемого потока воды. С учётом практической значимости проблемы актуальность проведённого исследования не вызывает сомнений. Стенд подключён к магистрали морской проточной воды. Устройство позволяет имитировать движение водного потока вокруг судна, тем самым моделирует условия движущегося плавающего средства. Цель настоящей работы — впервые представить созданную нами новую установку, на которую получено положительное решение Роспатента. Проведены натурные полевые испытания, продолжавшиеся два месяца. Они показали существенные качественные и количественные различия в составе сообществ обрастания на экспериментальных пластинах, помещённых в установку и подвешенных в толще воды в бухте Тихая Заводь (залив Восток) на пирсе МБС «Запад» Национального научного центра морской биологии ДВО РАН. В условиях установки регулируемого потока воды в сообществе перифитона доминируют бентосные диатомовые водоросли; зоообрастание практически отсутствует. На пластинах из открытой бухты представлен обычный для переменной ватерлинии судов либо осушной зоны гидротехнических сооружений фитоценоз зелёных водорослей. Показана эффективность использования созданной нами установки для исследования закономерностей формирования сообществ обрастания в разных гидродинамических потоках. Основной практический вывод — то, что установку можно использовать для испытания и проверки свойств защитных покрытий на тестируемых субстратах, включая противообрастающие и антикоррозийные покрытия.
Gorham-Stout Disease in a Middle-Aged Patient Treated by Posterior Lateral Fusion: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Jang Gi Wuk , Noh Sung Hyun
Published: October 2021

Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare progressive osteolytic disease with intraosseous lymphangiomatosis. A previously healthy 55-year-old woman presented with left leg hypoesthesia and upper back pain. k pain, back pain, and bilateral shoulder pain. In radiologic examination, there was an osteolytic lesion in T3, 4, 5, 6 vertebra. And a dislocation in the T3/4 vertebrae and a compression fracture in the T4 vertebra were founded. She was treated with posterolateral fusion (PLF) from C7 to T7. For 1 year, she had no specific symptoms but a new osteolytic lesion was found on thoracic T8 on 1 year follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. Radiotherapy was performed with 40 Gy, and chemotherapy was performed with denosumab. This report described a case of GSD that involved the thoracic spine and was appropriately managed. In the present case of a middle-aged Asian woman, correction of severe thoracic instability and prevention of neurologic compromise were accomplished through PLF from C7 to T7. Recurrence was observed 1 year later, but it was appropriately treated with neoadjuvant therapy.
Superficial Peroneal Nerve Entrapment Causing Chronic Pain in the Foot: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Jaehwan , Lee Chang-ik , Son Byung-chul
Published: October 2021

The superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) supplies sensory innervation to the lower two-thirds of the lateral leg and the dorsum of the foot, with the exception of the first web space. Therefore, isolated entrapment of the SPN results in pain and sensory deficit of the dorsum of the foot or lateral lower leg without corresponding weakness of the peroneus muscle. Although entrapment of the SPN passing from the subfacial to the subcutaneous tissue in the peroneal tunnel was discovered as early as 1954, there were few reports of treatment of SPN entrapment. We report a case of a 73-year-old patient who presented with chronic numbness and allodynia of a 2-year duration due to entrapment of the SPN. Characteristic pain distribution and presentation of the symptoms were essential in preoperative diagnosis of SPN entrapment. The SPN and its branches were addressed in the peroneal tunnel and their courses were completely decompressed during the operation. Two months after the surgery, tingling pain and allodynia were recovered completely.
O. Mandelstam and N. Fedorov: Philosophy of Time and Memory On the 130th Anniversary of the Birth of O.E. Mandelstam
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sedykh Oxana M.
Published: October 2021

The article examines some probable lines of refraction of N. Fyodorov’s ideas in the work of Russian greatest Silver age poet O. Mandelstam (1891–1938). Rus­sian thought was a special subject of attention for the poet, his philosophical reading included mainly works by Russian authors such as P. Chaadaev, the Slavophiles, K. Leontiev, V. Rozanov, V. Solovyov, P. Florensky, V. Ivanov, M. Gershenzon and others. It is proposed to analyze O. Mandelstam’s poetic cy­cle Poem on the Unknown Soldier (1937) containing direct references to N. Fe­dorov’s The Philosophy of the Common Task. Taking into account the poet’s con­sistent interest in Russian philosophical thought this allows a possibility of his acquaintance with writings of “Moscow Socrates”. The explication of Mandel­stam’s philosophical views is complicated by the modernist specificity of his po­etic text, which is saturated with a variety of ideological and semantic plans, open to various, often contradictory interpretations, while the correlation with a specific philosophical concept requires a certain unambiguity. On the other hand, the same peculiarity of Mandelstam’s poetics allows us to catch in the se­ries of meanings generated by it Fedorov’s intonations that filled the ideological atmosphere of time, to the “noise” of which the poet was exceptionally sensitive. The field of philosophy of history, time and memory is the predominant area of ideological intersections in the philosopher’s and poet’s heritage. Among other things their views are brought together by their adherence to a specific time con­cept, which was crystallized on the basis of Silver Age religious and philosophi­cal mentality and defined in current research by such concepts as “teleological causality”, “reverse causality”, “enantiodromia”
The Epistemology of Yogic Perception: Dignāga – Dharmakīrti’s School
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lysenko Victoria G.
Published: October 2021

One of the specific features of Indian philosophical thought in comparison with Western tradition is its addressing the subject of yogic and contemplative prac­tices. The article focuses on the interpretation of yogic experience in terms of Buddhist epistemology (pramāṇavāda – the teachings on the instrument of valid cognition). The concept of yogic perception (yogipratyaksha), which dates back to the Buddhist philosopher Dignāga, later becomes the subject of pan-Indian philosophical debates. The author analyzes the Buddha’s teachings on the Four Noble Truths as an object of yogic perception. If, according to Dignāga, yogic perception grasps its object directly, beyond its verbal elucidation by teachers, while the Noble Truths are transmitted through the Buddha’s word, the question arises as to how can they constitute the object of direct apprehension? The article proposes to understand yogic perception in the light of the three stages of under­standing in Buddhism: 1) śrutamayī (consisting in hearing) – the memorization from the words of teacher; 2) cintāmayī (consisting in reflection) – a critical ana­lytical discourse about the form and meaning of what was learned at the previous stage; and finally, 3) bhāvanāmayī (consisting in contemplation) – an individual appropriation of the ideas analyzed at the previous stage in meditation. The author argues that, according to this algorithm, only the intellectual mastering of Buddha’s teachings can shape a mindset that brings forth yogic liberating in­sight – the goal of the Buddhist soteriological aspirations
The Role of Intuition in the Middle Age
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Maslova Anastasia V.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to follow to the essential characteristics of intuition think­ing. Intuition thinking is the way of understanding and extract of meanings. In this issue are analyzed such notions as sense, understanding and symbol. In this issue a symbol is a key figure in the way of thinking of the Middle age. Ancient Greek’s way of thinking and Middle age’s way of thinking are com­pered. The border of epochs is a main location of the turn from sensation to feel­ing and from revealed to hidden. In this article the evolution of notion of intu­ition, its semantic metamorphosis and its changing cognitive status are shown. According Socrates intuition has a form of daimonion, impersonal force helping him become a person and make decisions according to ethical standards. The fig­ure of Augustine impersonates the metanoia on two levels, subjective and level of epoch. The notion of “Self” ceases to be an entity autonomous from the nature of God, because only in the process of cognition, merge with God a person emerges. This is the fundamental difference in the way of being acient Greek and medieval cultures. Therefore, two epistemological paradigms, determining the cognitive status of intuition, are faced. On the base of mystics’ experience in the Middle age and Neoplatonism intuition is defined. For medieval mystics, con­templation, the direct vision of the truth in God, played an important role. From this phenomenon then comes the Cartesian clarity and distinctness of truth. Well known the intuition is the highest cognitive ability for rationalists
Following Xuanzang: about “The Journey to the West” of a Chinese Woman or Feminism in China by E.A. Sinetskaya
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belaya Irina V. , Dmitriev Sergey V. ,   Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the history of feminism in China – from the activities of Christian missionaries to Chinese revolutionaries. The prerequisites and stages of the formation of the women's movement for their rights are considered on the example of the book “The Journey to the West” of a Chinese Woman or Feminism in China by Elvira A. Sinetskaya. This book actually presents the first for Russian science study of development of Chinese movement for women rights, as well as constitutes a try to describe its characteristic feature and to place it in the context of world feminism. The author begins from definition such core terms as “feminism”, “gender”, etc., and then considers the history of feminism beginning in China and possible causes of its appearance. She analyses an attitude to women in traditional Chinese society through the lens of family relationship, society and religion, which is viewed from historical perspective. The study is based on variety of sources, including fiction literature. E.A. Sinetskaya connects the first attempts of Chinese women to obtain equality of rights with spread of Cristianity, but in this paper another point of view on this problem is presented. Then Taoism gave equal rights and possibilities for its progeny regardless of sex and social status. In this religion one can find pantheon of female goddesses, etc. The issues of family and marriage, the right to education, the right to independent earnings and problems with the exercise of their rights by women are being raised in the article, it highlights the connection between the Chinese women’s movement and the problem of human freedom
LncRNA STK4 antisense RNA 1(STK4-AS1) promoted osteosarcoma by inhibiting p53 expression
Authors: Yao Weitao , Wang Chuchu
Published: October 2021

Background: LncRNA STK4 antisense RNA 1(STK4-AS1) has been identified as a potential biomarker associated with multiple cancers. We proposed that STK4-AS1 plays a role in the proliferation of osteosarcoma by regulating the cell cycle. Methods: We compared the expression of STK4-AS1, p53, and p21 in osteosarcoma vs normal samples in clinical tissues and cell lines. We determined the effect of overexpression and knockdown of STK4-AS1 in p53 expressing osteosarcoma cells U2OS, p53 muted osteosarcoma cells MG63, and osteoblast cells hFOB on p53 and p21 expression and the cell viability. For U2OS and MG63, the cell cycle was analyzed and the expression of cyclin proteins was determined. We overexpressed p53 or p21 in STK4-AS1 overexpressed cells to explore the association of STK4-AS1 and p53 in U2OS. Results: The STK4-AS1 expression was higher and p53 and p21 expression were lower in osteosarcoma tissue and cells than in their non-cancer counterparts. The expression of STK4-AS1 was negatively correlated with the expression of p53 or p21. Knockdown of STK4-AS1 in U2OS decreased the cell viability, increased cells in the G0/G1 phase, decreased cells in the S and G2/M phase, decreased expression of cyclin A and B, increased p53 and p21, and had no effect on cyclin D and cyclin E, while overexpression of STK4-AS1 did the opposes. Overexpression of p53 or p21 recovered some changes caused by STK4-AS1 overexpression in U2OS. MG63 expressed no p53 and the expression of p21, cyclin A, and cyclin B, cell viability, and cell cycle were not affected by altered STK4-AS1 levels. In hFOB cells, the expression of p53 and p21 was decreased and the cell viability was increased when STK4-AS1 was overexpressed, but they were not affected when STK4-AS1 was knocked down. Conclusion: LncRNA STK4-AS1 promoted the cell cycle of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting p53 expression.
Paramedic Norwegian Acute Stroke Prehospital Project (ParaNASPP) study protocol: a stepped wedge randomised trial of stroke screening using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in the ambulance
Authors: Guterud Mona Marie , Bugge Helge Fagerheim , Bache Kristi CG , Braarud Anne-Cathrine , Eriksen Erik , Fremstad Kjell Otto , Ihle-Hansen Hege , Ingebretsen Svein Håkon , Kramer-Johansen Jo , Larsen Karianne , Røislien Jo , Thorsen Kjetil , Toft Mathias , Sandset Else Charlotte , Hov Maren Ranhoff
Published: October 2021

BackgroundLess than 50% of stroke patients in Norway reach hospital within four hours of symptom onset. Early prehospital identification of stroke and triage to right level of care may result in more patients receiving acute treatment. Quality of communication between paramedics and the stroke centre directly affects prehospital on-scene time, emphasising this as a key factor to reduce prehospital delay. Prehospital stroke scales are developed for quick and easy identification of stroke, but have poor sensitivity and specificity compared to an in-hospital assessment with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The aim of Paramedic-Norwegian Acute Stroke Prehospital Project (ParaNASPP) is to assess whether a structured learning program, prehospital NIHSS and a mobile application facilitating communication with the stroke physician may improve triage of acute stroke patients. MethodsA stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled intervention design will be used in this trial in Oslo, Norway. Paramedics at five ambulance stations will enrol adult patients with suspected stroke within 24 hours of symptom onset. All paramedics will begin in a control phase with standard procedures. Through an e-learning program and practical training, a random and sequential switch to the intervention phase takes place. A mobile application for NIHSS scoring, including vital patient information for treatment decisions, transferring data from paramedics to the on-call stroke physician at the Stroke Unit at Oslo University Hospital, will be provided for the intervention.The primary outcome measure is positive predictive value (PPV) for prehospital identification of patients with acute stroke defined as the proportion of patients accepted for stroke evaluation and discharged with a final stroke diagnosis. 1300 patients provide a 50% surplus to the 808 patients needed for 80% power to detect a 10% increase in PPV.DiscussionStructured and digital communication using a common scale like NIHSS may result in increased probability for better identification of stroke patients and less stroke mimics delivered to a stroke team for acute diagnostics and treatment in our population. Trial registration: NCT04137874, posted October 24, 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04137874
Acute effect of benchmarck crosstrainig associated with physiological parameters and mental skills according to performance
Authors: de Brito Michele Andrade , Fernandes José Raimundo , Costa Keveenrick Ferreira , Esteves Natã Sant’anna , de Carvalho Pedro Henrique Berbert , Miarka Bianca
Published: October 2021

Present study aimed to evaluate the acute effect of cross training benchmarck on the physiological parameters associated with mental abilities according to performance. Thirty-two practitioners were divided according to their performance, Elite Group (n = 07) Advanced Group (n = 10) and Beginner group (n = 15). This research compares groups and pre-WOD and post-WOD. Result showed significance concerning the performance in WOD Fran (E: 177.1±29.8s <A: 314.3±46.8s and I: 538.2±102.1s), total robustness (A: 50.20±5.24 ˃ E: 43.86±7.47 and I: 43.47±5.81) and control (A: 22.20±3.36 ˃ E: 20.14±3.93 and 19.07±3.65), lactate (E: 13.1±1.8mmol <A: 15.1±3.2mmol and I: 16.1±3.7mmol), heart rate (E : 188.0±6.6bpm ˃ A: 174.1±16.1bpm and I: 185.1±8.9bpm), systolic blood pressure (E: 149.7±11.5mmHg <A: 151.0±9.2mmHg and I: 152.5±8.1mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (E: 73.4±6.2mmHg ˃ A: 72.8±9.6mmHg and I: 69.3±7.1mmHg). Significant correlations in the Elite group in lactate and appearance and systolic blood pressure and choice. Advanced Group significant correlations in WOD time and extroversion, lactate and confidence and heart rate and reading. Beginner Group significant correlations in WOD time and Achievement, lactate and constancy and lactate and flexibility. Present study concluded that about mental abilities, Advanced level athletes showed greater total strength than athletes from Elite and Beginner groups.
Randomised Controlled Trial To Investigate The Effectiveness of The Self-Management After Radiotherapy (SMaRT) Intervention To Ameliorate Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men Treated for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Faithfull Sara , Cockle-Hearne Jane , Lemanska Agnieszka , Otter Sophie , Skene Simon
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness of the self-management after radiotherapy (SMaRT) intervention to improve urinary symptoms in men with prostate cancer.
Methods

The randomised controlled trial (RCT) recruited men from one radiotherapy centre in the UK after curative radiotherapy or brachytherapy and moderate urinary symptoms defined as the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥ 8. 63 men were randomised either to SMaRT, a 10-week self-management intervention including group support, education, pelvic floor muscle exercises, or care-as-usual. The primary outcome was the IPSS at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were IPSS at 3 months, and International Continence Society Male Short Form (ICS), European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life prostate scale (EORTC QLQ-PR25), EORTC QLQ-30 and Self-Efficacy for Symptom Control Inventory (SESCI) at 3 and 6 months. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyse the effect of the intervention.
Results

SMaRT did not improve urinary symptoms as measured by IPSS at 6 months. The adjusted difference was − 2.5 [95%CI -5.0 to 0.0], p = 0.054. Significant differences were detected at 3 months in ICS voiding symptoms (-1.1 [-2.0 to -0.2], p = 0.017), ICS urinary incontinence (-1.0 [-1.8 to -0.1], p = 0.029) and SESCI managing symptoms domain (13.5 [2.5 to 24.4], p = 0.017). No differences were observed at 6 months.
Conclusions

SMaRT provided short-term benefit in urinary voiding and continence, and helped men manage symptoms but was not effective long-term. Face-to-face and supervised approaches may provide more benefit.
Patient Empowerment Among People Attending Cancer Follow-Up – Results from a Nationwide Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Eskildsen Nanna Bjerg , Ross Lone , Jørgensen Clara Rübner , Pedersen Susanne S , Thomsen Thora Grothe , Groenvold Mogens , Johnsen Anna Thit
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo investigate levels of empowerment, possibilities for empowerment and perceived importance of empowerment among Danes in cancer follow-up. MethodsFrom nation-wide registers a randomly selected group of people diagnosed with one of ten different cancer diagnoses between one and five years ago were invited to complete the newly developed ‘Cancer Patient Empowerment Questionnaire’ (CPEQ). Respondents who reported that they were in a follow-up program were included in the analysis. Frequencies of answers to the items in the questionnaire were calculated. ResultsIn total, 1,418 people with a diagnosis of cancer returned the questionnaire (response rate 54%). Of these, 1,042 reported being in follow-up and were included in the analysis. Most respondents experienced that there was a plan for their follow-up (83%) and felt at ease with both the frequency (80%) and content of the follow-up (78%). However, many also reported lack of possibilities for and/or low levels of empowerment. They were not aware of any decisions being made during their follow-up, had not received information about relevant patient associations, or had any conversations with healthcare professionals regarding their needs and wishes for their follow-up. Furthermore, almost 20% lacked information on and confidence in managing treatment-related side-effects, late complications and alarm symptoms. ConclusionMany respondents reported lack of possibilities for and/or low levels of empowerment in their cancer follow-up. This may have consequences for their quality of life and capabilities and opportunities for managing their own care.
The Effect of Operating Parameters of Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification of Sunflower Oil With Methanol in the Presence of the Cosolvent Assisted by Hydrodynamic Cavitation on the Degree of Triglyceride Conversion
Authors: Nikolić Ivan , Jovanović Jelena , Koturević Biljana , Adnadjević Borivoj
Published: October 2021

Method of independent variation of the value of one operating parameter has been used to investigate the effect of operating parameters on alkali-catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol in presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as cosolvent, assisted by hydrodynamic cavitation (ACTC) on the value of the degree of triglyceride conversion (DTC). ACTC was performed by a venturi-type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (VCR) of our construction. To determine the effect of ACTC on DTC following operating parameters were varied: reaction mixture inlet pressure (p1) from 202.3 kPa to 1013.2 kPa; methanol to oil molar ratio (M1) from M1=3 to M1=12; concentration of catalyst (Cc) from 0.3wt% to 1.5wt%; methanol to THF molar ratio (M2) from M2=1.25 to M2=2.0; temperature (T) from 20°C to 55°C, number of passes through the VCR (n) from n=1 to n=10. It was found, based on the obtained results, that: a) the values of DTC increase with the increase in p1, M1, Cc, and n, b) the values of the DTC decrease with the increase in T and c) maximum values of the DTC are obtained at Cc=1.0~1.1wt% and M2=1.5.
PEGylated Nanoemulsions Containing 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoglycerol Induced Weakened Accelerated Blood Clearance Phenomenon
Authors: Li Zhe , Gao Xin , Yan Xinyang , Deng Yuihui , Ma Haiying
Published: October 2021

Injections of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified nanomedicines can lead to an accelerated clearance of the next dose of PEGylated nanomedicines, which is referred to as the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon. It has been reported that anti-PEG IgM plays an important role in the induction of the ABC phenomenon, identifying the interface between the main chain of PEG and the hydrophobic segment of the repeated injections of the PEGylated nanocarriers, resulting in increased liver uptake and loss of long cycle characteristics. In this study, we demonstrated that the 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DSPG) in PEGylated nanoemulsions (PEs) may mask this interface between the main chain of PEG and the hydrophobic segment, inhibiting the recognition and binding of anti-PEG IgM to PEs, and evidently weakening the ABC phenomenon of PEs. This will provide a novel strategy to improve the curative effect of PEGylated nanocarriers.
Intramolecular Orthogonal Reporters for Dissecting Oxidative Stress and Response
Authors: Pan Yecan , Weng Rui , Zhang Linghao , Qiu Jing , Wang Xinlu , Liao Guangqin , Qin Zhaohui , Liu Rui , Dai Xiaochuan , Qian Yongzhong , Su Xin
Published: October 2021

Molecular response under oxidative stress is a well-known reflection of the development of various diseases. Fluorescent probes for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and for their related molecules integrated into single nanostructures could simultaneously map the localization and abundance of multiple targets with spatiotemporal accuracy in live cells. However, it is extremely challenging because proximity-induced fluorophore interaction leads to low sensitivity and poor specificity. Herein, we engineered intramolecular Orthogonal Reporters (iOR) based on DNA nanostructure scaffolds. Fluorescence reporters in iOR were precisely located with appropriate distance achieved by MD simulation. iOR functionalized with nuclear localization signal peptide is capable of imaging ROS and its related gene repair enzyme (APE1) in nucleus and cytoplasm with spatiotemporal accuracy. iOR discloses the strong positive relation of ROS and APE1 as well as their synergistic regulation. In vivo fluorescence imaging with iOR enables direct observation of ROS and APE1 of the tumor sites of mice. iOR represents a new concept of molecule probes for simultaneous detection of multiple related targets in living cells. We anticipate this simulation-guided probe to find broad applications in cellular biology and nanotechnology.
‘Subacute’ Onset of Guillain Barré Syndrome Post mRNA-1273 Vaccination: A Case Report
Authors: Nagalli Shivaraj , Kikkeri Nidhi Shankar
Published: October 2021

Ever since the start of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has taken the lives of millions of people around the globe. Several COVID-19 vaccines have been developed with rapidity to prevent acquiring COVID-19 infection, hospitalizations and deaths. The routine side effects of these vaccines are commonly known and non-severe. Few serious side-effects such as thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) and Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) are increasingly reported particularly after inoculation with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV 2.S (Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen). Rare cases of GBS after BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), an mRNA vaccine are also reported. However, the true association of these cases to COVID-19 continues to be unclear and the safety of these vaccines continues to be great in preventing deaths from COVID-19 infection. We report a case of middle-aged female who had a gradual onset of lower extremity weakness with a nadir of symptoms reached 10 and 12 weeks after the onset. This protracted course (sub-acute) is atypical for a ‘classical’ GBS. The presence of an antecedent event, autonomic symptoms such as hypotension and the need for ventilator support favored the diagnosis of GBS than chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). This is the first known case to be reported of sub-acute onset of Guillain Barré Syndrome after receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccine.
Multi-tissue proteomics identifies molecular signatures for sporadic and genetically defined Alzheimer disease cases
Authors: Cruchaga Carlos , Sung Yun Ju , Yang Chengran , Wang Fengxian , Suhy Adam , Norton Joanne , Novotny Brenna , Etelleb Abdallah , Fagan Anne , Bateman Randall , Perrin Richard , Morris John , Farlow Martin , Chhatwal Jasmeer , Chui Helena , Rhinn Herve , Karch Celeste , Schindler Suzanne , Harari Oscar
Published: October 2021

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a heterogeneous disease with many genes are associated with AD risk. Most proteomic studies, while instrumental in identifying AD pathways and genes, focus on single tissues and sporadic AD cases. Multi-tissue proteomic signatures for sporadic and genetically defined AD (e.g., pathogenic variant carriers in APP and PSEN1/2 and risk variant carriers in TREM2) will illuminate the biology of this heterogeneous disease.1,2 Here, we present one of the largest multi-tissue proteomic profiles, accessible through our web portal, based on 1,305 proteins in brain (n=360), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; n=717), and plasma (n=490) from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC) and Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) cohorts.3-5 We identified proteomic signatures in brain, CSF, and plasma for sporadic AD status and replicated these findings in multiple, independent datasets. The area under the curve (AUC) for CSF proteins was 0.89 in discovery and 0.90 in the replication dataset, which was significantly higher than the AUC for CSF p-tau181/Aβ42 (AUC = 0.81; P = 2.4×10-6). We also identified a specific proteomic signature for TREM2 variant carriers that differentiated TREM2 variant carriers from sporadic AD cases and controls with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.81 - 1). In addition, the proteins that showed differential levels in sporadic AD were also altered in autosomal dominant AD, but with greater effect size (1.4 times, P = 3.8×10-5), and proteins associated with autosomal dominant AD, in brain tissue also replicated on CSF (p=1.36×10-9). Enrichment analyses highlighted several pathways including AD (calcineurin, APOE, GRN), Parkinson disease (α-synuclein, LRRK2), and innate immune response (SHC1, MAPK3, SPP1) for the sporadic AD or TREM2 variant carriers. Our findings show the power of multi-tissue proteomics’ contribution to the understanding of AD biology and to the creation of tissue-specific prediction models for individuals with specific genetic profiles, ultimately supporting its utility in creating individualized disease risk evaluation and treatment.
Patients Perception of Pharmacovigilance system: A Pre-Diagnostic and Post-Interventional Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Rehman Atta Ur , Khalid Samina Naeem , Hani Ume
Published: October 2021

Background & Objective The risk of adverse reactions necessitated the pharmacovigilance system for patient safety. Literature search documented better health literacy of patients through intervention. This investigation aims to assess the perception and the effect of an intervention on patients regarding adverse reactions caused by drugs.MethodsA pre-diagnostic and post-interventional cross-sectional investigation was designed in hospitals of Islamabad. The proportion of patients was selected based on a stratified probability technique. A prevalidated tool was used to collect the response twice through health promotion brochure with counseling was applied as an intervention.Results The findings of the study disclosed that health intervention improved health literacy among patients. Knowledge of pharmacovigilance was known by 97.9% of the patients in the interventional survey compared to a diagnostic survey in which the majority of the sampled population was not aware. The outcome of intervention on paired variables of knowledge, communication, and practice showed significant differences at the 0.05 level by using t-test statistics.ConclusionThe finding of the investigation provided evidence that patient awareness significantly improved by the health promotion model. Patient participation in the reporting of adverse reactions of drugs will complement the hospital staff reporting. These reports will construct an authentic cross-checked database for rational drug safety practices in Pakistan.
English Classroom Immersive Teaching Based on Digital Twin Technology
Authors: da Zhenjing , gu shan , Huang Yanan
Published: October 2021

In order to improve the effect of English classroom teaching, this paper builds an immersive teaching model of English classroom based on digital twin technology. Moreover, in order to reduce the cost of the system, simplify the system structure, and enable learners to observe the stereoscopic display image with the naked eye, this paper builds an immersive hemispherical projection teaching system, designs the overall structure of the system and various components of the hardware, and studies the projection image predistortion algorithm. In addition, this paper uses the immersive experience between virtual reality technology and immersive teaching as a connection point to design an immersive teaching based on VR and apply it to teaching practice to test the effect of immersive teaching, and perfect the immersive teaching design model based on VR. Finally, this paper designs an experiment to verify and analyze the performance of the system. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the English classroom immersive teaching model based on digital twin technology constructed in this paper is effective.