bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of CO2 snow jet for removal of submicron particles from cellulose based library materials
Authors: Mašková Ludmila , Smolík Jiří , Vávrová Petra , Neoralová Jitka , Novotná Dana , Jandová Věra , Ondráček Jakub , Zedníková Mária , Abadie Gabriel , Kocová Kateřina , Marešová Adéla , Schwarz Jaroslav
Published: March 2024

Library collections are mostly made of porous cellulose-based materials such as papers and textiles. Submicron particles, representing up to 90% of particulate matter (PM) mass in libraries and archives, deposit on book surfaces and can also penetrate into small openings, including inter-fiber spaces. These particles can cause degradation of archival documents and therefore it is necessary to clean them. An alternative method of cleaning by the CO2 snow jet was tested and compared with traditional mechanical dry cleaning techniques. Six different types of papers and textiles (bookbinding cloths) commonly used in library collections were treated by the jet using a newly developed automatic system with well-defined operating parameters. Measurements included the assessment of particle removal efficiency and possible degradation of the cellulose materials. The method was verified using real archival documents. Results revealed that the jet was effective in removing submicron particles, including those embedded in the fibrous surface. In contrast, the mechanical dry cleaning methods were almost ineffective for these particles. The CO2 snow jet did not alter the surface properties of uncoated papers and textiles, whereas the degradation of coated samples was probably caused by surface temperature decrease after the CO2 snow application. The results indicate that CO2 snow jet cleaning using the automatic system is a suitable method for common types of papers and textiles with uncoated surfaces.
In vitro investigation of antibacterial activity of Gum Arabic prepared by two different processing methods against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Elmubarak Nuha , Ibrahim Yahia , Gareeballah Abbas , Sanhouri Nada
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Entrococcus faecalis is a known cause of endodontic treatment failure. Synthetic drugs have been preferred for decades, but recently, many plants have been reported for their antibacterial activity. The study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial effect of Gum Arabic (GA) processed with two different processing methods against Enterococcus faecalis.
Method: Antibacterial susceptibility tests against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) were performed for 200mg/ml ethanolic extracts of spray-dried and mechanically ground GA using Agar disc diffusion. Sodium Hypochlorite (1%), Chlorhexidine (0.2%), and Antibiotic multi-disc were used as positive controls, and ethanol (20%) as a negative. The inhibition zones diameters were measured.
Serial dilutions of both types of Gum Arabic (100, 50, 25, 12.5 mg/ml) were tested for their antibacterial activity.
Results: In Concentration 200 mg/ml, spray-dried GA displayed a significantly greater inhibition zone against E. faecalis than mechanically ground (P=0.02). Both types of Gum Arabic exhibited lower antibacterial activity than chlorhexidine (0.2%). However, only mechanically ground GA showed significant result (P=0.005).
Spray-dried GA showed significantly higher antibacterial activity against than Tetracycline 300mcg (P=0.005).
The antibacterial activity of spray-dried GA exceeded that of mechanically ground in all concentrations of serial dilutions, except for 12.5mg/ml, both are similar.
Conclusion: processing method of Gum Arabic affects its antibacterial potency against E. faecalis. In high concentrations, spray-dried GA is active antibacterial, while mechanically ground is non-active.
Decreasing the concentration of mechanically ground GA increases its inhibitory effect, but the opposite effect was observed with spray-dried GA.
Stochastic Approach to the Evolution of the Global Water Cycle: Results of Historical Experiments on the CMIP-6 Models
Authors: Dobrovolski Serguei G. , Yushkov Vladislav P. , Solomonova Irina V.
Published: March 2024

Changes in the integral characteristics of the global water exchange, at climatic time scales, are considered as random functions (processes). “Trajectories” obtained as the results of numerical calculations on various, from 34 to 43, climate models (participating at the CMIP-6 “historical” experiment covering the period from 1850 through 2014) are taken as realizations of these processes. Temporal variations of following annually averaged parameters are studied: (1) average evaporation from the ocean surface, (2) precipitation over the ocean, (3) “effective evaporation” from the ocean (difference “evaporation minus precipitation”, on average equal to the water transport from the ocean to land), (4) precipitation over land, (5) evaporation (evapotranspiration) from the land surface, (6) “effective precipitation” over land (or “climatic runoff”: precipitation minus evaporation), and (7) river runoff. It is shown that precipitation over the ocean and evaporation from land largely suppress the monotonous trends in the mean values of evaporation from the ocean and precipitation over land, respectively, at secular time scales. At the same time, this damping does not extend to the trends of the last few decades, which may be due to a combination of a sharp increase in global temperature with explosive volcanic eruptions that preceded this period. An analysis of the time divergence in the model trajectories of each of the components of the global water exchange, as well as the very existence of such divergences, indicates an increase in the uncertainty of processes that is not associated with anthropogenic impact on the climate system.
Aedes aegypti salivary extracts exert immunomodulatory effects onmacrophages, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes and increase Zikavirus production in vitro.
Authors: Hilario Gabriel , Haubert Alison , Dorneles Gilson , Freitas Deise Nascimento , Silva Onilda Santos , Prophiro Josiane Somariva , Fazolo Tiago , Fonseca Simone Gonçalves , Romão Pedro Roosevelt Torres , Junior Luiz Rodrigues
Published: March 2024

Background
This study delves into the complex interplay between Aedes aegypti salivary gland extract and immunological cells during Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Focusing on key immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood (PBMCs), it aims to unravel the intricate mechanisms through which mosquito saliva possibly modulates the immunological landscape, influencing ZIKV transmission, host susceptibility, and disease progression. The research sheds light on the role of mosquito saliva in enhancing viral replication and impairing cells involved in host defenses, offering new insights into arbovirus pathogenesis and potential intervention strategies.
Methods
Using the FIOCRUZ-PE243|2015 ZIKV strain, the research evaluates the Aedes aegypt salivary extracts (SGE's) impact on cytokine production in dendritic and macrophage cell lines, as well as its influence on the redox state and cytokine responses in human PBMCs. Flow cytometry assesses immune cell profiling, aiming to understand SGE's role in ZIKV infectivity and immune modulation.
Results
SGE enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine production in both dendritic cells and macrophages, while also inducing a Th2 cytokine profile, evidenced by decreased IFN-γ and increased IL-4 levels in PBMCs. Furthermore, SGE exposure leads to increased dendritic cell frequencies, altered T lymphocyte dynamics, and elevated oxidative stress markers.
Conclusions
It highlights how SGE not only facilitates ZIKV infection by modulating cytokine production and oxidative stress but also alters immune cell dynamics.
WITHDRAWN: Integrated analysis of distribution characteristics, controlling factors, source apportionment, and potential remediation requirements of Pb in a typical karst region
Authors: Huang Chunyang , Li Jie , Wang Xinyu , Feng Minhao , Luo Jie , Feng Siyao , Yin Ningxin
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on the potential quantity of soil Pb remediation in a typical karst region of China, an area where previous research on the potential remediation quantity of Pb in soil has been scarce. In this study, 12,547 surface soil samples and 54 sets of soil-profile samples were collected. This analysis investigated the sources, concentrations, distribution, and reserve properties of soil Pb in the study region. Building upon these findings, a formula for calculating the potential remediation quantity of Pb in karst soils was derived. The results disclose variations in Pb content within the surface soil, with values spanning from 9.4 to 376.4 mg/kg and a background level of 72.97 mg/kg. Additionally, the Pb content in deep soil shows a spectrum from 1.6 to 160.9 mg/kg. Principal component analysis showed that the sources of Pb in karst soil were related to the geological background, agricultural fertilization, and mineral resources. Single-factor variance analysis demonstrated significant influences of topography, parent rock type, soil utilization, and soil type on soil Pb content. The spatial distribution of soil Pb, as determined by principal component analysis, was influenced by mineral distribution, geological background, and agricultural fertilization. The soil profile analysis showed that Pb concentrations followed a logarithmic distribution pattern with increasing depth. A formula for the potential remediation quantity of Pb was derived using a logarithmic model. This rational and representative formula establishes a foundation for the management of Pb-influenced soils in karst regions.
Diversity of the Ry sto gene conferring resistance to potato virus Y in wild relatives of potato
Authors: Paluchowska Paulina , Rossmann Simeon Lim , Lysøe Erik , Janiszewska Marta , Michalak Krystyna , Giglou Rasoul Heydarnajad , Giglou Mousa Torabi , Brurberg May Bente , Śliwka Jadwiga , Yin Zhimin
Published: March 2024

Background
Potato virus Y (PVY) is among the economically most damaging viral pathogen in production of potato (Solanum tuberosum) worldwide. The gene Rysto derived from the wild potato relative Solanum stoloniferum confers extreme resistance to PVY.
Results
The presence of Rysto and diversity of it was investigated in wild relatives of potato (298 genotypes representing 29 accessions of 26 tuber-bearing Solanum species) using PacBio amplicon sequencing. A total of 55 unique Rysto-like sequences were identified in 72 genotypes representing 12 accessions of ten Solanum species and six resistant controls (potato cultivars Alicja, Bzura, Hinga, Nimfy, White Lady and breeding line PW363). The 55 Rysto-like sequences showed 89.87 to 99.98% nucleotide identity to the Rysto reference gene, and these encoded in total 45 unique protein sequences. While Rysto-like26 identified in Alicja, Bzura White Lady and Rysto-like16 in PW363 encode a protein identical to the Rysto reference, the remaining 44 predicted Rysto-like proteins were 65.93 to 99.92% identical to the reference. Higher levels of diversity of the Rysto-like sequences were found in the wild relatives of potato than in the resistant control cultivars. The TIR and NB-ARC domains were the most conserved within the Rysto-like proteins, while the LRR and C-JID domains were more variable. Several of the tested Solanum species, including S. antipoviczii and S. hougasii, showed resistance to PVY. This study demonstrated Hyoscyamus niger, a Solanaceae species distantly related to Solanum, as a host of PVY.
Conclusions
The new Rysto-like variants, as well as the PVY resistant potato genotypes identified in this study, could be potential resistance gene sources against PVY in potato breeding. Identification of H. niger as a host for PVY is important for cultivation of this plant, studies on the PVY management, its ecology, and migrations. The amplicon sequencing based on PacBio SMRT technology and the following data analysis pipeline described in our work may be applied to obtain the nucleotide sequences and analyze any full-length genes from any, even polyploid, organisms.
Bioactivity of essential oils from three species of Mentha against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Neto Antônio de Almeida Paz , Câmara Cláudio Augusto Gomes da , Monteiro Vaneska Barbosa , Moraes Marcilio Martins , Melo João Paulo Ramos , Leal Tamara Thays Barbosa
Published: March 2024

Botanical derivatives constitute an important option for the reduction in the use of synthetic insecticides for the management of agricultural pests. The larval form of the diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella, is one of the main pests of the family Brassica and is resistant to synthetic insecticides. The aim of the present study was to test the potential of commercially available essential oils (EOs) from the genus Mentha on P. xylostella. EOs from M. arvensis, M. spicata and M. piperita were investigated. Topical toxicity and residual contact toxicity tests were conducted, along with the assessment of biological parameters, feeding deterrence and repellency. Phytotoxicity to Brassica leaves was also investigated. The oil from M. piperita was the most toxic to P. xylostella by topical contact, whereas the oil from M. spicata was the most toxic by residual contact. Overall, the Mentha oils were more toxic by topical contact than residual contact. The EOs from M. arvensis and M. spicata significantly altered the weight of the pupae and larval survival. All Mentha oils tested caused feeding deterrence in P. xylostella. The EO from M. piperita exhibited persistent repellence over time compared to the other EOs. The oils administered at the maximum doses tested did not cause phytotoxicity to Brassica leaves. The present results demonstrate the potential of essential oils from plants of the genus Mentha, altering biological and behavioral aspects of P. xylostella.
Analyzing Digital Propaganda and Conflict Rhetoric: A Study on Russia’s Bot-Driven Campaigns and Counter-Narratives during the Ukraine Crisis
Authors: Marigliano Rebecca , Ng Lynnette Hui Xian , Carley Kathleen M.
Published: March 2024

The dissemination of disinformation has become a formidable weapon, with nation-states exploiting social media platforms to engineer narratives favorable to their geopolitical interests. This study delved into Russia's orchestrated disinformation campaign, in three times periods of the 2022 Russian-Ukraine War: its incursion, its midpoint and the Ukrainian Kherson counteroffensive. This period is marked by a sophisticated blend of bot-driven strategies to mold online discourse. Utilizing a dataset derived from Twitter, the research examines how Russia leveraged automated agents to advance its political narrative, shedding light on the global implications of such digital warfare and the swift emergence of counter-narratives to thwart the disinformation campaign.
This paper introduces a methodological framework that adopts a multiple-analysis model approach, initially harnessing unsupervised learning techniques, with TweetBERT for topic modeling, to dissect disinformation dissemination within the dataset. Utilizing Moral Foundation Theory and the BEND Framework, this paper dissects social-cyber interactions in maneuver warfare, thereby understanding the evolution of bot tactics employed by Russia and its counterparts within the Russian-Ukraine crisis.
The findings highlight the instrumental role of bots in amplifying political narratives and manipulating public sentiment, with distinct strategies in narrative and community maneuvers identified through the BEND framework. Moral Foundation Theory reveals how moral justifications were embedded in these narratives, showcasing the complexity of digital propaganda and its impact on public perception and geopolitical dynamics. The study shows how pro-Russian bots were used to foster a narrative of protection and necessity, thereby seeking to legitimize Russia’s actions in Ukraine whilst degrading both NATO and Ukraine's actions. Simultaneously, the study explores the resilient counter-narratives of pro-Ukraine forces, revealing their strategic use of social media platforms to counteract Russian disinformation, foster global solidarity, and uphold democratic narratives. These efforts highlight the emerging role of social media as a digital battleground for narrative supremacy, where both sides leverage information warfare tactics to sway public opinion.
Clusters and Unique Least Common Ancestors in Directed Acyclic Graphs
Authors: Shanavas Ameera Vaheeda , Changat Manoj , Hellmuth Marc , Stadler Peter F.
Published: March 2024

We investigate the connections between clusters and least common ancestors (LCAs) in directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We focus on the class of DAGs having unique least common ancestors for certain subsets of their minimal elements since these are of interest, particularly as models of phylogenetic networks. Here, we use the close connection between the canonical k-ary transit function and the closure function on a set system to show that pre-k-ary clustering systems are exactly those that derive from a class of DAGs with unique LCAs. We show that k-ary T-systems and k-weak hierarchies are associated with DAGs that satisfy stronger conditions on the existence of unique LCAs for sets of size at most k. Moreover, we introduce a LCA-graphs as unique graphs derived from arbitrary DAGs that are sufficient to study their LCAs.
Popularity and Discourse in Tech-Related Online Communities
Authors: Rubaye Abduljaleel Al , Sukthankar Gita
Published: March 2024

Tech-related online communities on GitHub, Reddit, and Stack Overflow are an invaluable resource for software engineers, allowing them to find solutions to problems and connect with other professionals. Much of the discourse on these platforms is conducted using commenting mechanisms in which one user responds to content posted by another user. Even though these communities lack formal organizational structures, these technologists are often followed by other software developers who monitor their posts; users who regularly post useful solutions are recognized using platform-specific mechanisms such as stars or karma points. This article investigates the relationship between popularity and discourse in tech-related online communities. To do this, we create comment timelines from sequences of user interactions and extract commenting networks from comment response patterns. We study how the popularity of the post authors and other commenters shapes community interaction. Although there are some commonal-ities, there are distinct differences between the commenting behavior of GitHub users vs. Reddit and Stack Overflow. By understanding how popularity affects user interactions, we can design communities that are more effective at supporting learning, collaboration, and knowledge sharing.
A micromechanical analysis of marble pulverization under quasi-static progressive cyclic loading
Authors: Fu Bin , Li Yingchun , Tang Chun'an , Ji Yinlin , Zang Arno
Published: March 2024

Highly fragmented rocks (i.e., pulverized rocks) in the fault damage zone presumably develop during co-seismic deformation processes. These pulverized rocks close to the fault core are generally thought to originate from high strain rates, whereas the genesis of pulverized rocks that can be found several hundred meters away from the fault core – where quasi-static conditions prevail – remains unclear. We thus conducted uniaxial cyclic loading experiments with axial strain rate of ~10–3 s–1 on Leiyang marble in a stress-controlled manner in order to produce crushed rocks for analysis. We found that cyclic loading between 0.8 sc and 1.3 sc can simultaneously compact pre-existing cracks and generated new cracks in marble, which strengthened and stiffened the rock. The stiffened marble developed a higher crack density and energy density before rupture, thereby facilitating rock fragmentation compared with the reference sample, which was fractured monotonically in one cycle. Our results provide a plausible explanation for the genesis of pulverized marble at quasi-static strain rate in the field.
ESD ‹in the Making›?
Authors: Brown Anna-Lena
Published: March 2024

The article explores potentials and limitations of educational making for education for sustainable development (ESD) based on a list of competencies proposed by ESD researchers to achieve transformational educational goals (Rieckmann 2021). It focuses on three areas offering potential for ESD: first, learner empowerment; second, sustainability thinking, innovation thinking, and entrepreneurship education; and third, Education 4.0 and twenty-first century skills. It outlines central demands and concepts of both ESD and educational making as the theoretical backdrop for the analysis. After presenting core ideas and relevant research in each of the three areas, the article discusses their potential to foster the set of competencies proposed by the ESD movement. The analysis suggests that educational making indeed offers potential for ESD, but with some limitations and conditions that are discussed along with desiderata for further research.
Majorana chain and Ising model - (non-invertible) translations, anomalies, and emanant symmetries
Authors: Seiberg Nathan , Shao Shu-Heng
Published: March 2024

We study the symmetries of closed Majorana chains in 1+1d, including the translation, fermion parity, spatial parity, and time-reversal symmetries. The algebra of the symmetry operators is realized projectively on the Hilbert space, signaling anomalies on the lattice, and constraining the long-distance behavior. In the special case of the free Hamiltonian (and small deformations thereof), the continuum limit is the 1+1d free Majorana CFT. Its continuum chiral fermion parity (-1)^{F_L}(−1)FL emanates from the lattice translation symmetry. We find a lattice precursor of its mod 8 ’t Hooft anomaly. Using a Jordan-Wigner transformation, we sum over the spin structures of the lattice model (a procedure known as the GSO projection), while carefully tracking the global symmetries. In the resulting bosonic model of Ising spins, the Majorana translation operator leads to a non-invertible lattice translation symmetry at the critical point. The non-invertible Kramers-Wannier duality operator of the continuum Ising CFT emanates from this non-invertible lattice translation of the transverse-field Ising model.
Impact of mission and vision on academic services mediated by governance and human resources in higher education institutions of Indonesia
Authors: Slamet  , Ridho Ali , Marno  , Yuli Efiyanti Alfiana
Published: March 2024

Mission and vision play an essential role in strategic management. They are the philosophical foundation and strategic direction of higher education, serving as a guide, inspiration, and control tool to achieve organizational goals. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relevance and impact of mission and vision on academic services provided by Indonesian higher education institutions through governance and human resources. The research instrument is based on relevant literature and uses a Likert scale to measure implementation, socialization, and effectiveness of mission and vision, academic services, governance, and human resources. Data were collected using the online random sampling method, and the number of respondents was 10,937 lecturers. The study uses a serial mediation analysis to test the hypotheses. The research results show that governance and human resources positively affect academic services. As a mediator variable, they can improve academic services. The results highlight the significant contribution of mission and vision to governance. Governance also contributes significantly to human resource management. Human resources can boost academic services. This study emphasizes the importance of the university’s mission and vision, namely the philosophical foundation and strategic direction of academic services supported by appropriate human resources and good governance.
Urban water security assessment: investigating inequalities using a multi-scale approach
Authors: Marcal Juliana , Shen Junjie , Antizar-Ladislao Blanca , Butler David , Hofman Jan
Published: March 2024

Water security is a multi-faceted concept that encompasses dimensions such as water quantity, quality, human health, well-being, water hazards, and governance. The evaluation of water security is an important step towards understanding and improving it, particularly in urban settings where disparities resulting from unequal distribution of population and resources are present and often evade citywide assessments. To address the diversity of the urban space, we propose a multi-level assessment approach based on downscaling the spatial dimension. Using a comprehensive indicator-based framework, we evaluate the city of Campinas in Brazil across citywide and intra-city scales. Employing the Theil index to measure inequality, the results reveal nuanced disparities less apparent at broader scales. Despite an overall favourable water security condition, spatial heterogeneity is still noticeable in the urban area of Campinas. The methodology highlights different aspects, such as vegetation cover, social green areas, and wastewater collection, which are inequitably distributed in the urban area. This integrated approach, linking inequality and water security assessment, has the potential to unveil specific needs within urban areas, helping guide targeted interventions to improve water security levels for all.
Climate variability, trend, and associated risks: Tana sub-basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaw Bewuketu Abebe , Dzwairo Bloodless , Sahlu Dejene
Published: March 2024

The study focused on analyzing the variability and trends of climate parameters in the Tana sub-basin. Various statistical methods and indices were employed to assess precipitation and temperature patterns in the region. The findings indicated a statistically non-significant increasing trend in rainfall across the sub-basin, with values ranging from 1.64 to 5.37 mm/year. In terms of temperature, there was an increasing trend observed, but it was also not statistically significant. The seasonality index ranged between 0.87 and 1.03, indicating different rainfall distribution patterns. In 36.69% of the sub-basin, rainfall occurs in marked seasonal patterns with a long dry season, and the remaining (63.31%) is concentrated in 3 or fewer months, indicating a different rainfall distribution pattern. In addition, the study assessed the precipitation concentration and found that 57.5% of the rainfall data exhibited a strong irregular concentration, 41.5% showed an irregular concentration, and 1% exhibited a moderate concentration. The study underscores the presence of climate variability and trends in the Tana sub-basin, emphasizing the need to align agricultural and water resource management practices with the observed climate variability.
Performance of CHIRPS for estimating precipitation extremes in the Wala Basin, Jordan
Authors: Al-Shamayleh Safaa , Tan Mou Leong , Samat Narimah , Rahbeh Michel , Zhang Fei
Published: March 2024

The evaluation of open-source precipitation data is crucial to enable the selection of the most appropriate product for a specific research. This study aims to evaluate the capability of the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) with a spatial resolution of 0.05° for estimating monthly and annual precipitation in the Wala basin, Jordan, from 1987 to 2017 using a point-to-pixel comparison approach. Eleven precipitation extreme indices, recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI), were used in this study. The findings show that CHIRPS correlated moderately with stations in monthly precipitation estimation, with the Pearson correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.50 to 0.73. However, CHIRPS had low correlations with stations in most of the extreme indices, except PRCPTOT, R10mm, and R20mm. The CHIRPS, particularly in the extreme years, overestimated low precipitation amounts and underestimated high ones. Moreover, CHIRPS underestimated the calculation of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, R10mm, R20mm, and R30mm, while an overestimation was found for the R95p, R99p, and Rx1day. The trend analysis and Wilcox text showed a lack of resemblance between the CHIRPS and gauges, showing a bias correction is needed before applying an extreme analysis in this region.
Optimizing performance assessment of multi-reservoir operations for sustainable water management in a semi-arid region
Authors: Ajudiya Bhavana K. , Kumar Vijendra , Yadav Sanjaykumar M. , Solanki Yash Parshottambhai
Published: March 2024

Global challenges, such as population growth, rapid urbanization, and the impacts of climate change, are creating unprecedented demands on water resources in semi-arid regions. Meeting the surging needs for irrigation and water supply requires a departure from the limitations of single reservoir systems. Instead, the construction of multi-reservoir systems within semi-arid river basins is imperative. The research employs an integrated reservoir operation approach that facilitates the controlled release of surplus water from upstream reservoirs to downstream ones. The novel Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) model is utilized to determine optimal irrigation releases, subsequently forming the basis for evaluating reservoir operation performance through the lenses of reliability, resilience, and vulnerability. The findings of this study shed light on the performance of these reservoirs under different models. Notably, the Aji-2 reservoir operation exhibits higher levels of reliability and resilience when the TLBO model is employed, surpassing the outcomes of the Linear Programming (LP) model. Conversely, the vulnerability of the Aji-3 reservoir operation is more pronounced with the TLBO model, albeit reduced when compared to actual release years 2005, 2009, and 2013. This study adds to the development of reservoir operation policies that favor reduced vulnerability and increased reliability.
Inovação na alimentação de animais de estimação: desenvolvimento de um sistema automatizado para pets
Authors: Costa Pereira Matheus , Almeida de Rezende Lyncoln , Ferreira Paulo Sérgio , Papandrea Pedro José
Published: March 2024

Este projeto tem como objetivo desenvolver um alimentador automatizado para animais de estimação, utilizando tecnologias como Arduino, impressão 3D, simulação computacional e realidade mista. O protótipo é projetado para atender animais domésticos e permite ao usuário programá-lo de acordo com suas necessidades. Portátil e com diversas funcionalidades, o alimentador é leve, fácil de transportar e limpar. Ele possui um sistema acionado por Arduino que adiciona ração em intervalos regulares e a despeja no pote do animal. Além disso, o usuário tem controle total sobre as funções do alimentador, podendo ajustá-las conforme necessário. O projeto inclui componentes como um galão para armazenamento da ração, um tubo com engrenagem de rosca sem fim, um pote com sensor, além do Arduino e um sistema eletromecânico para movimentação.
Nature’s Elixir for Cancer Treatment: Targeting Tumor-induced
Neovascularization
Authors: Kumari Rani , Syeda Saima , Shrivastava Anju
Published: March 2024

:

Angiogenesis, a multistep process, involves sprouting of new vessels from
the pre-existing vessels in response to a stimulus in its microenvironment. Normally, angiogenesis
is important for tissue maintenance and homeostasis, however it is also
known to be associated with various pathologies, including cancer. Importantly, neovascularization
is very crucial for tumors to grow and metastasize since it allows delivery
of oxygen and nutrients as well as promotes tumor cell dissemination to distant sites. Activation
of angiogenic switch is a consequence of imbalance in pro- as well as anti-angiogenic
factors, that are immensely impacted by reactive oxygen species and epigenetic
regulation. Several reports have suggested that angiogenic inhibitors significantly inhibit
tumor growth. Therefore, anti-angiogenic therapy has gained substantial attention and
has been considered a rational approach in cancer therapeutics. In this line, several anti-
angiogenic drugs have been approved, however, their long term usage caused several
side effects. In view of this, researchers switched to plant-based natural compounds for
identifying safe and cost-effective anti-angiogenic drugs. Of note, various phytochemicals
have been evaluated to reduce tumor growth by inhibiting tumor-induced angiogenesis.
Moreover, the implication of nano-carriers to enhance the bioavailability of phytochemicals
has proven to be more efficient anti-cancer agents. The present review highlights
the existing knowledge on tumor-induced neovascularization and its regulation at
the epigenetic level. Further, we emphasize the inhibitory effect of phytochemicals on tumor-
induced angiogenesis that will open up new avenues in cancer therapeutics.
Analysis and Validation of Tyrosine Metabolism-related Prognostic Features for Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy
Authors: Cui Zhongfeng , Liu Chunli , Li Hongzhi , Wang Juan , Li Guangming
Published: March 2024

Aims:

To explore tyrosine metabolism-related characteristics in liver hepatocellular carcinoma
(LIHC) and to establish a risk signature for the prognostic prediction of LIHC. Novel prognostic
signatures contribute to the mining of novel biomarkers, which are essential for the construction
of a precision medicine system for LIHC and the improvement of survival.

Background:

Tyrosine metabolism plays a critical role in the initiation and development of LIHC.
Based on the tyrosine metabolism-related characteristics in LIHC, this study developed a risk signature
to improve the prognostic prediction of patients with LIHC.

Objective:

To investigate the correlation between tyrosine metabolism and progression of LIHC
and to develop a tyrosine metabolism-related prognostic model.

Methods:

Gene expression and clinicopathological information of LIHC were obtained from The
Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Distinct subtypes of LIHC were classified by performing
consensus cluster analysis on the tyrosine metabolism-related genes. Univariate and Lasso Cox regression
were used to develop a RiskScore prognosis model. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis
with log-rank test and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC)
were employed in the prognostic evaluation and prediction validation. Immune infiltration, tyrosine
metabolism score, and pathway enrichment were evaluated using single-sample gene set enrichment
analysis (ssGSEA). Finally, a nomogram model was developed with the RiskScore and
other clinicopathological features.

Results:

Based on the tyrosine metabolism genes in the TCGA cohort, we identified 3 tyrosine
metabolism-related subtypes showing significant prognostic differences. Four candidate genes selected
from the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the 3 subtypes were used
to develop a RiskScore model, which could effectively divide LIHC patients into high- and lowrisk
groups. In both the training and validation sets, high-risk patients tended to have worse overall
survival, less active immunotherapy response, higher immune infiltration and clinical grade,
and higher oxidative, fatty, and xenobiotic metabolism pathways. Multivariate analysis confirmed
that the RiskScore was an independent indicator for the prognosis of LIHC. The results from pan--
cancer analysis also supported that the RiskScore had a strong prognostic performance in other
cancers. The nomogram demonstrated that the RiskScore contributed the most to the prediction of
LIHC prognosis.

Conclusion:

Our study developed a tyrosine metabolism-related risk model that performed well in
survival prediction, showing the potential to serve as an independent prognostic predictor for LIHC
treatment.
Ranunculin, Protoanemonin, and Anemonin: Pharmacological and Chemical Perspectives
Authors: Sirak Betelhem , Aragaw Misgana , Tadesse Solomon
Published: March 2024

Ranunculin, a glucoside, serves as a chemotaxonomic marker in Ranunculaceae
plants. When these plants are damaged, an enzyme β−glucosidase triggers the
conversion of ranunculin into protoanemonin through hydrolysis. Subsequently, protoanemonin
undergoes cyclodimerization to form anemonin. The inherent instability of
ranunculin and the rapid dimerization of protoanemonin render them unsuitable for use
in biological assays. Conversely, anemonin stands out as the optimal molecule for bioassays
and demonstrates diverse biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-infective,
and anti-oxidant effects. Among these, anemonin exhibits the greatest promise
in addressing conditions such as arthritis, cerebral ischemia, and ulcerative colitis. Its potential
medical uses are enhanced by its capacity to inhibit nitric oxide synthesis and successfully
counteract lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. This review describes
the chemistry and biological properties of anemonin and its precursors, including discussions
on extraction, isolation, synthesis, and investigations into bioactivity and pharmacokinetics.
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Variations in Relation to Lipid
Profiles and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update
Authors: Dabravolski Siarhei , Orekhov Nikolay A. , Melnichenko Alexandra , Sukhorukov Vasily N. , Popov Mikhail A. , Orekhov Alexander
Published: March 2024

Lipid metabolism plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a crucial glycoprotein involved in lipid metabolism by transferring
cholesteryl esters (CE) and triglycerides (TG) between plasma lipoproteins. CETP activity results in reduced
HDL-C and increased VLDL- and LDL-C concentrations, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular and
metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the structure of CETP and its mechanism of action. Furthermore,
we focus on recent experiments on animal CETP-expressing models, deciphering the regulation and
functions of CETP in various genetic backgrounds and interaction with different external factors. Finally, we
discuss recent publications revealing the association of CETP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with
the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, lifestyle factors, diet and therapeutic interventions. While
CETP SNPs can be used as effective diagnostic markers, diet, lifestyle, gender and ethnic specificity should also
be considered for effective treatment.
The Potential Mechanism of Liujunzi Decoction in the Treatment of Breast
Cancer based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology
Authors: Sun Mei , Lv Feng , Qin Chunmeng , Du Dan , Li Wenjun , Liu Songqing
Published: March 2024

Background:

Liujunzi Decoction (LJZD) is a potential clinical treatment for Breast Cancer (BC),
but the active ingredients and mechanisms underlying its effectiveness remain unclear.

Objective:

The study aimed to investigate the target gene of LJZD compatibility and the possible mechanism
of action in the treatment of breast cancer by using network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Methods:

Based on TCMSP, ETCM, and BATMAN database searching and screening to obtain the ingredients
of LJZD, the related targets were obtained. Breast cancer-related targets were collected through GEO,
Geencards, OMIM, and other databases, and drug-disease Venn diagrams were drawn by R. The PPI network
map was constructed by using Cytoscape. The intersecting targets were imported into the STRING database,
and the core targets were analyzed and screened. The intersected targets were analyzed by the DAVID
database for GO and KEGG enrichment. AutoDock Vina and Gromacs were used for molecular docking and
simulation of the core targets and active ingredients.

Results:

126 active ingredients of LJZD were obtained; 241 targets related to breast cancer were sought after
screening, and 180 intersection targets were identified through Venn diagram analysis. The core targets were
FOS and ESR1. KEGG enrichment analysis mainly involved PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and other signaling pathways.

Conclusion:

This study has explored the possible targets and signaling pathways of LJZD in treating breast
cancer through network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis. Molecular docking and simulation have
further validated the potential mechanism of action of LJZD in breast cancer treatment, providing essential experimental
data for future studies.
Targeted Bacterial Keratitis Treatment with Polyethylene Glycol-Dithiothreitol-Boric Acid Hydrogel and Gatifloxacin
Authors: Shen Xiao , Huang Chunlian , Bai Jianhai , Wen Jing
Published: March 2024

Introduction/Objective:

To prolong the ocular residence time of gatifloxacin and enhance
its efficacy against bacterial keratitis, this study developed a velocity-controlled polyethylene
glycol-dithiothreitol-boric acid (PDB) hydrogel loaded with gatifloxacin.

Methods:

First, the basic properties of the synthesized PDB hydrogel and the gatifloxacin-loaded
PDB hydrogel were assessed. Secondly, the in vitro degradation rate of the drug-loaded PDB was
measured in a simulated body fluid environment with pH 7.4/5.5. The release behavior of the
drug-loaded PDB was studied using a dialysis method with PBS solution of pH 7.4/5.5 as the release
medium. Finally, a mouse model of bacterial keratitis was established, and tissue morphology
was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additionally, mouse tear fluid was extracted
to observe the antibacterial effect of the gatifloxacin-loaded PDB hydrogel.

Results:

The results showed that the PDB hydrogel had a particle size of 124.9 nm and a zeta potential
of -23.3 mV, with good porosity, thermosensitivity, viscosity distribution, rheological properties,
and high cell compatibility. The encapsulation of gatifloxacin did not alter the physical
properties of the PDB hydrogel and maintained appropriate swelling and stability, with a high
drug release rate in acidic conditions. Furthermore, animal experiments demonstrated that the gatifloxacin-
loaded PDB hydrogel exhibited superior therapeutic effects compared to gatifloxacin eye
drops and displayed strong antibacterial capabilities against bacterial keratitis.

Conclusion:

This study successfully synthesized PDB hydrogel and developed a gatifloxacin drug
release system. The hydrogel exhibited good thermosensitivity, pH responsiveness, stability, and
excellent biocompatibility, which can enhance drug retention, utilization, and therapeutic effects
on the ocular surface.
Review of Phytosomes and Ethosomes: Groundbreaking Approaches for
Delivering the Phytochemical Components of Plants
Authors: Raghav Asha , Attri Meenakshi , Chaudhary Hema
Published: March 2024

Phytoconstituents have been widely used since ancient times to form a complex with
phospholipids due to their various therapeutic actions. Despite having strong pharmacodynamic efficiency,
numerous phytoconstituents have shown lower in vivo bioavailability and few adverse effects.
Phytochemicals soluble in water exhibit poor absorption, leading to a limited therapeutic impact.
Phytosome nanotechnology overcomes this limitation by creating a bound of phytochemicals
with phospholipids. This method exhibits improved absorption because phytosomes inhibit significant
herbal extract components from being degraded by gastric juices and gut flora. This improves
bioavailability, increases clinical benefit, and ensures delivery to tissues without compromising nutritional
stability. This review also aims to highlight those vesicular systems that could be used in
phytosome technology. Additionally, this review highlights the preparation, advantage, characterization,
applications, and recent development of phytosome and ethosome with a list of recent patents
and marketed formulations and their uses.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Cognitive Health: Review on Unraveling the
Dementia Connection and Co-morbid Risks
Authors: Khan Zuber , Mehan Sidharth , Saifi Mohd. Anas , Gupta Ghanshyam Das , Narula Acharan S. , Kalfin Reni
Published: March 2024

Dementia, an international health issue distinguished by the impairment of daily functioning
due to cognitive decline, currently affects more than 55 million people worldwide, with
the majority residing in low-income and middle-income countries. Globally, dementia entails significant
economic burdens in 2019, amounting to a cost of 1.3 trillion US dollars. Informal caregivers
devote considerable hours to providing care for those affected. Dementia imposes a greater
caregiving and disability-adjusted life-year burden on women. A recent study has established a
correlation between prolonged Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) usage and dementia, in addition to
other neurodegenerative conditions. PPIs are frequently prescribed to treat peptic ulcers and
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) by decreasing stomach acid secretion. They alleviate
acid-related symptoms through the inhibition of acid-secreting H+-K+ ATPase. In a number of observational
studies, cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly have been linked to the use of
PPIs. The precise mechanism underlying this relationship is unknown. These drugs might also alter
the pH of brain cells, resulting in the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides and the development
of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the compelling evidence supporting the association
of PPIs with dementia, the results of studies remain inconsistent. The absence of a correlation
between PPI use and cognitive decline in some studies emphasizes the need for additional research.
Chronic PPI use can conceal underlying conditions, including cancer, celiac disease, vitamin
B12 deficiency, and renal injury, highlighting dementia risk and the need for further investigations
on cognitive health.
TBOPP, a DOCK1 Inhibitor, Potentiates Cisplatin Efficacy in Breast Cancer by Regulating Twist-mediated EMT
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhou Zhenbang , Tang Pengting , Du Feiya , Wang Shuqian , Yao Jia , Zhang Shufen , Huang Jiajing , Lu Xuemei , Chen Wei , Yu Xiaofang , Liu Yu , Liu Hao
Published: March 2024

Background:

DOCK1 has been reported to be involved in tumor progression and re-sistance.1-(2-(30-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,10-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-5-pyrrolidinylsulfonyl2(1H)- pyridone (TBOPP) is a selective DOCK1 inhibitor; however, the role and molecular mechanisms of DOCK1 and its inhibition in breast cancer (BC) resistance remain poorly understood. Objective: This study aims toinvestigate the underlying mechanisms of DOCK1 in BC resistance.

Methods:

DOCK1 or Twist siRNA and Twist plasmid were used to explore the function of DOCK1 in vitro experiments. A mouse xenograft model was used for in vivo experiments.

Results:

In the present study, we demonstrated that DOCK1 siRNA promoted cisplatin sensitivity in BC cells. Moreover, TBOPP also enhances the therapeutic effect of cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DOCK1 siRNA inhibited EMT. Twist 1 is one of the EMT-inducing transcription factors and is known to induce EMT. To further reveal the effect of DOCK in BC cells, we co-transfected with DOCK1 and Twist1 siRNA to BC cells and found that co-transfection with DOCK1 and Twist siRNA could not further enhance the cisplatin sensitivity of BC cells. Moreo ver, DOCK1 siRNA failed to reverse the effect of Twist 1 up-regulation.

Conclusion:

Taken together, these results demonstrate that DOCK1 may function as a potential therapeutic target in BC and that combining cisplatin with TBOPP may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for cisplatin-resistant BC patients.