bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic deficits in Parkinson disease
Authors: Buddhala Chandana , Loftin Susan K. , Kuley Brandon M. , Cairns Nigel J. , Campbell Meghan C. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Kotzbauer Paul T.
Published: September 2015

Objective

People with Parkinson disease (PD) frequently develop dementia, which is associated with neocortical deposition of alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn) in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. In addition, neuronal loss and deposition of aggregated α‐syn also occur in multiple subcortical nuclei that project to neocortical, limbic, and basal ganglia regions. Therefore, we quantified regional deficits in innervation from these PD‐affected subcortical nuclei, by measuring the neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter transporter proteins originating from projections of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta, serotonergic neurons in dorsal raphé nuclei, noradrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus, and cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis of Meynert.

Methods

High‐performance liquid chromatography and novel enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and cholinergic innervation in postmortem brain tissue. Eight brain regions from 15 PD participants (with dementia and Braak stage 6 α‐syn deposition) and six age‐matched controls were tested.

Results

PD participants compared to controls had widespread reductions of dopamine transporter in caudate, amygdala, hippocampus, inferior parietal lobule (IPL), precuneus, and visual association cortex (VAC) that exceeded loss of dopamine, which was only significantly reduced in caudate and amygdala. In contrast, PD participants had comparable deficits of both serotonin and serotonin transporter in caudate, middle frontal gyrus, IPL, and VAC. PD participants also had significantly reduced norepinephrine levels for all eight brain regions tested. Vesicular acetylcholine transporter levels were only quantifiable in caudate and hippocampus and did not differ between PD and control groups.

Interpretation

These results demonstrate widespread deficits in dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic innervation of neocortical, limbic, and basal ganglia regions in advanced PD with dementia.
Bioactive Steroid Derivatives and Butyrolactone Derivatives from a Gorgonian‐Derived Aspergillus sp. Fungus
Authors: Chen Min , Wang Kai‐Ling , Liu Min , She Zhi‐Gang , Wang Chang‐Yun
Published: September 2015

Six steroid derivatives, 1–6, and five butyrolactone derivatives, 7–11, were isolated from the fermentation broth of a gorgonian‐derived Aspergillus sp. fungus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS spectral data. Compound 1 is a new, highly conjugated steroid. The NMR and MS data of 7 and 8 are reported for the first time, as their structures were listed in SciFinder Scholar with no associated reference. Compounds 1, 4, 5, and 8–11 inhibited the larval settlement of barnacle Balanus amphitrite with EC50 values ranging from 0.63 to 18.4 μg ml−1. Butyrolactone derivatives 7 and 8 showed pronounced antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus with the same MIC values as the positive control ciprofloxacin (MIC 1.56 μM for all three compounds).
Argania spinosa var. mutica and var. apiculata: Variation of Fatty‐Acid Composition, Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant and α‐Amylase‐Inhibitory Activities among Varieties, Organs, and Development Stages
Authors: El Adib Saifeddine , Aissi Oumayma , Charrouf Zoubida , Ben Jeddi Fayçal , Messaoud Chokri
Published: September 2015

Argania spinosa includes two varieties, var. apiculata and var. mutica. These argan varieties were introduced into Tunisia in ancient times and are actually cultivated in some botanic gardens. Little is known about the chemical differentiation among these argan varieties. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the fatty‐acid composition, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and the antioxidant and α‐amylase‐inhibitory activities of leaf, seed, and pulp extracts of both argan varieties harvested during the months of January to April. The fatty‐acid distribution was found to depend on the argan variety, the plant organ, and the harvest time. Significant variations in the phenolic contents were observed between the investigated varieties as well as between leaves, pulps, and seeds of each variety. As expected, phenolic compounds were found to be contributors to the antioxidant and α‐amylase‐inhibitory activities of both argan varieties. The chemical differentiation observed among the two argan varieties, based mainly on the fatty‐acid composition, might have some chemotaxonomic value.
Merosesquiterpenoids and Ten‐Membered Macrolides from a Soft Coral‐Derived Lophiostoma sp. Fungus
Authors: Zheng Cai‐Juan , Shao Chang‐Lun , Chen Min , Niu Zhi‐Gang , Zhao Dong‐Lin , Wang Chang‐Yun
Published: September 2015

One new merosesquiterpenoid, craterellin D (1), along with one known analog, craterellin A (2), and five known ten‐membered macrolides, 3–7, were isolated from a soft coral‐derived Lophiostoma sp. fungus. The absolute configuration of 1 was established based on biogenetic consideration with the co‐isolated analog 2, whose configuration was determined by modified Mosher's method and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis using CuKα radiation. The absolute configuration of 3 was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis using CuKα radiation. Compounds 2 and 3 showed antibacterial activities against Bacillus cereus with a MIC value of 3.12 μM.
Polyketides from Mantis‐Associated Fungus Daldinia eschscholzii IFB‐TL01
Authors: Wang Gang , Fan Jing‐Yang , Zhang Wen‐Jing , Hua Cheng‐Pin , Chen Chao‐Jun , Yan Wei , Ge Hui‐Ming , Jiao Rui‐Hua , Tan Ren‐Xiang
Published: September 2015

Three new polyketides, named daldinone F (1), nodulisporin G (2), and dalmanol C (3), together with five known compounds, 4–8, were isolated from cultures of Daldinia eschscholzii. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS analyses. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against SW480 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 9.59 μM, and its absolute configuration was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Nematicidal Triterpenoids from Lantana camara
Authors: Begum Sabira , Ayub Anjum , Shaheen Siddiqui Bina , Fayyaz Shahina , Kazi Firoza
Published: September 2015

A new triterpene, lancamarolide (1), and seven known triterpenes, oleanonic acid (2), lantadene A (3), 11α‐hydroxy‐3‐oxours‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (4), betulinic acid (5), lantadene B (6), and lantaninilic acid (7) were isolated from the aerial parts of Lantana camara in the course of bioassay‐guided isolation, and their nematicidal activities against Meloidogyne incognita, the root knot nematode, were carried out. Oleanonic acid was found to be the most active compound and exhibited 80% mortality after 72 h at 0.0625% concentration, which is comparable with that of the standard furadan.
Cascading effects of belowground predators on plant communities are density‐dependent
Authors: Thakur Madhav Prakash , Herrmann Martina , Steinauer Katja , Rennoch Saskia , Cesarz Simone , Eisenhauer Nico
Published: September 2015

Soil food webs comprise a multitude of trophic interactions that can affect the composition and productivity of plant communities. Belowground predators feeding on microbial grazers likeCollembola could decelerate nutrient mineralization by reducing microbial turnover in the soil, which in turn could negatively influence plant growth. However, empirical evidences for the ecological significance of belowground predators on nutrient cycling and plant communities are scarce. Here, we manipulated predator density (Hypoaspis aculeifer: predatory mite) with equal densities of threeCollembola species as a prey in four functionally dissimilar plant communities in experimental microcosms: grass monoculture (Poa pratensis), herb monoculture (Rumex acetosa), legume monoculture (Trifolium pratense), and all three species as a mixed plant community. Density manipulation of predators allowed us to test for density‐mediated effects of belowground predators onCollembola and lower trophic groups. We hypothesized that predator density will reduceCollembola population causing a decrease in nutrient mineralization and hence detrimentally affect plant growth. First, we found a density‐dependent population change in predators, that is, an increase in low‐density treatments, but a decrease in high‐density treatments. Second, prey suppression was lower at high predator density, which caused a shift in the soil microbial community by increasing the fungal: bacterial biomass ratio, and an increase of nitrification rates, particularly in legume monocultures. Despite the increase in nutrient mineralization, legume monocultures performed worse at high predator density. Further, individual grass shoot biomass decreased in monocultures, while it increased in mixed plant communities with increasing predator density, which coincided with elevated soil N uptake by grasses. As a consequence, high predator density significantly increased plant complementarity effects indicating a decrease in interspecific plant competition. These results highlight that belowground predators can relax interspecific plant competition by increasing nutrient mineralization through their density‐dependent cascading effects on detritivore and soil microbial communities.
Two New Sesquiterpenes from Myrrh
Authors: Zhao Nan , Yang Guo‐Chun , Li Da‐Hong , Li Xin‐Yu , Li Zhan‐Lin , Bai Jiao , Liu Xiao‐Qiu , Hua Hui‐Ming
Published: September 2015

Two new sesquiterpenes, named 9‐methoxymyrrhone (1) and rel‐(1S,2S,3R,4S)‐1,2‐epoxy‐3‐methoxyfuranogermacr‐10(15)‐en‐6‐one (2), together with nine known compounds (3–11), were isolated from the resin of Commiphora opobalsamum. The structures were established by HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D‐, and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic analyses.
Incremental cost-effectiveness of trauma service improvements for road trauma casualties: experience of an Australian major trauma centre
Authors: Dinh Michael M. , Bein Kendall J. , Hendrie Delia , Gabbe Belinda , Byrne Christopher M. , Ivers Rebecca
Published: September 2015

Objective The aim of the present study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of trauma service funding enhancements at an inner city major trauma centre. Methods The present study was a cost-effectiveness analysis using retrospective trauma registry data of all major trauma patients (injury severity score >15) presenting after road trauma between 2001 and 2012. The primary outcome was cost per life year gained associated with the intervention period (2007–12) compared with the pre-intervention period (2001–06). Incremental costs were represented by all trauma-related funding enhancements undertaken between 2007 and 2010. Risk adjustment for years of life lost was conducted using zero-inflated negative binomial regression modelling. All costs were expressed in 2012 Australian dollar values. Results In all, 876 patients were identified during the study period. The incremental cost of trauma enhancements between 2007 and 2012 totalled $7.91 million, of which $2.86 million (36%) was attributable to road trauma patients. After adjustment for important covariates, the odds of in-hospital mortality reduced by around half (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27, 0.82; P = 0.01). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was A$7600 per life year gained (95% CI A$5524, $19333). Conclusion Trauma service funding enhancements that enabled a quality improvement program at a single major trauma centre were found to be cost-effective based on current international and Australian standards. What is known about this topic? Trauma quality improvement programs have been implemented across most designated trauma hospitals in an effort to improve hospital care processes and outcomes for injured patients. These involve a combination of education and training, the use of audit and key performance indicators. What does this paper add? A trauma quality improvement program initiated at an Australian Major Trauma Centre was found to be cost-effective over 12 years with respect to years of life saved in road trauma patients. What are the implications for practitioners? The results suggest that adequate resourcing of trauma centres to enable quality improvement programs may be a cost-effective measure to reduce in-hospital mortality following road trauma.
New Zealand patients’ understanding of brand substitution and opinions on copayment options for choice of medicine brand
Authors: Lessing Charon , Ashton Toni , Davis Peter
Published: September 2015

Objective
The aim of the present study was to better understand the views and experiences of New Zealand patients on switching between brands of prescription medicines and on alternative funding options for the provision of medicines, including an increase in copayments.

Methods
A self-administered questionnaire was offered to selected patients through participating community pharmacies. Pharmacies were stratified according to level of deprivation of the community served before random selection and invitation for involvement in the study. Patient understanding of and rationale for brand substitution was assessed. Preference for different copayment options was elicited, together with demographic and other explanatory information.

Results
In all, 194 patient-completed questionnaires were returned. Some gaps in patient knowledge and understanding of brand changes were evident. Most respondents indicated a preference for the existing subsidy arrangements with little desire expressed for alternatives. Around half were willing to contribute towards paying for a choice of brand other than the subsidised brand; however, the maximum contribution nominated was disproportionately lower than real cost differences between originator brand and generics.

Conclusion
The findings of the present study suggest that although most patients have experienced brand changes without any problems occurring, a lack of knowledge about substitution does persist. There may be some additional gain in ensuring New Zealanders are aware of the full cost of their medicines at the point of dispensing to reinforce the benefits of the Pharmaceutical Management Agency (PHARMAC) purchasing model.

What is known about the topic?
Generic reference pricing is used as a mechanism to make savings to pharmaceutical budgets; however, reticence to the use of generic medicines persists.

What does this paper add?
Most New Zealand patients experience brand changes without any problems occurring; however, a lack of knowledge about substitution does persist. The dollar value patients indicate they would contribute for brand choice is lower than the true cost difference between brands.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Opportunities exist for healthcare professionals to reinforce generic policies and there may be some additional gain in ensuring New Zealanders are aware of the full cost of their medicines at the point of dispensing.
Emergency response readiness for primary school children
Authors: Wilks Jeff , Kanasa Harry , Pendergast Donna , Clark Ken
Published: September 2015

Objective The aim of the present study was to determine whether a 1-day basic life support (BLS) training program can significantly increase emergency response readiness for primary school children. Methods One hundred and seven children aged 11–12 years completed a program led by surf lifesaving instructors. A 50-item quiz was administered 1 week before and 1 and 8 weeks after training. Results Significant improvements were gained in knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; P < 0.001), the response sequence for emergency situations (DRSABCD action plan) and various emergency scenarios, including choking (P < 0.001) and severe bleeding (P < 0.001). Knowledge and understanding were retained at the 8-week follow-up. Students reported increased confidence in assisting others after training, consistent with previous studies. Conclusions A 1-day training program can significantly increase BLS knowledge and confidence to provide assistance in an emergency situation. Findings reinforce the value of school-based training that provides a general foundation for emergency response readiness. What is known about this topic? The importance and value of teaching BLS to school children is well established in the US, UK and Europe. However, in the past 20 years there has been little or no published Australian evaluation research in this area, despite thousands of training programs running each year around the country for children in first aid, CPR and water safety. What does this paper add? This paper confirms that Australian primary school children can benefit significantly from short, targeted BLS training programs that provide the basic skills and confidence for them to respond in an emergency situation. What are the implications for practitioners? The paper provides a training and evaluation framework that can be used by health educators for age-appropriate BLS programs. The study shows that making training real-world and relevant, especially having hands-on CPR practice with manikins, can address common barriers to performing first aid and CPR reported by young people.
How do changes in the population tested for chlamydia over time affect observed trends in chlamydia positivity? Analysis of routinely collected data from young women tested for chlamydia in family planning clinics in the Pacific Northwest (USA), between 2003 and 2010
Authors: Woodhall Sarah C. , Torrone Lizzi , Fine David , Salomon Sarah G. , Nakatsukasa-Ono Wendy , Soldan Kate , Weinstock Hillard
Published: September 2015

Background
The proportion of chlamydia tests that are positive (positivity) is dependent on the population tested and the test technology used. The way in which changes in these variables might affect trends in positivity over time is investigated. Methods: Data from 15- to 24-year-old women tested for chlamydia in family planning clinics participating in the Infertility Prevention Project in the Pacific Northwest, United States (USA Public Health Service Region X) during 2003–2010 (n = 590557) were analysed. Trends in positivity and in test, demographic and sexual behaviour variables were identified. Unadjusted and adjusted trends in chlamydia positivity were calculated using logistic regression. Results: The proportion of tests carried out using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) increased dramatically during the analysis period in two states. Smaller changes in demographic and behavioural characteristics were seen. Controlling for test technology used had the largest effect on the trend in testing positive per year, leading to a fall in the calculated odds ratio of testing positive from 1.06 to 1.02 in Oregon, and from 1.07 to 1.02 in Idaho. Controlling for other variables had minimal effect on chlamydia positivity trends. Conclusions: Changes in NAAT use had a large effect on observed trends in chlamydia positivity over time in the two states where NAATs were introduced during the analysis period. While trends in chlamydia positivity may be a useful metric for monitoring chlamydia burden, it is important to consider changes in test type when interpreting these data.
High-energy positrons and gamma radiation from decaying constituents of a two-component dark atom model
Authors: Belotsky K. , Khlopov M. , Kouvaris C. , Laletin M.
Published: September 2015

We study a two-component dark matter candidate inspired by the minimal walking technicolor (WTC) model. Dark matter consists of a dominant strongly interactive massive particle (SIMP)-like dark atom component made of bound states between primordial helium nuclei and a doubly charged technilepton and a small WIMP-like component made of another dark atom bound state between a doubly charged technibaryon and a technilepton. This scenario is consistent with direct search experimental findings because the dominant SIMP component interacts too strongly to reach the depths of current detectors with sufficient energy to recoil and the WIMP-like component is too small to cause significant amount of events. In this context, a metastable technibaryon that decays to [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] can, in principle, explain the observed positron excess by AMS-02 and PAMELA, while being consistent with the photon flux observed by FERMI/LAT. We scan the parameters of the model and we find the best possible fit to the latest experimental data. We find that there is a small range of parameter space that this scenario can be realized under certain conditions regarding the cosmic ray propagation and the final state radiation (FSR). This range of parameters fall inside the region where the current run of large hadron collider (LHC) can probe, and therefore it will soon be possible to either verify or exclude conclusively this model of dark matter.
The Thermal Statistics of Quasi-Probabilities’ Analogs in Phase Space
Authors: Pennini F. , Plastino A. , Rocca M. C.
Published: September 2015

We focus attention upon the thermal statistics of the classical analogs of quasi-probabilities (QP) in phase space for the important case of quadratic Hamiltonians. We consider the three more important OPs: Wigner’s,P-, and Husimi’s. We show that, for all of them, the ensuing semiclassical entropy is a function only of the fluctuation productΔxΔp. We ascertain that the semiclassical analog ofP-distribution seems to become unphysical at very low temperatures. The behavior of several other information quantifiers reconfirms such an assertion in manifold ways. We also examine the behavior of the statistical complexity and of thermal quantities like the specific heat.
Cervus elaphusForaging Impacts on Plants and Soils at an Ungrazed Desert Grass/Shrubland in Northwestern New Mexico, USA
Authors: Bender Louis C. , Piasecke Jessica R.
Published: September 2015

We evaluatedCervus elaphusherbivory and trampling impacts on plants and soils on Chaco Culture National Historical Park (Chaco), a desert grass/shrubland in northwestern New Mexico, USA, most (63%) of which has been protected from grazing by domestic livestock since 1948. We conducted grazing, browse, and water infiltration surveys in areas which received different amounts ofC. elaphususe (use and control), 2004–2007. Browse utilization was <32% on monitored species andOdocoileus hemionususe accounted for the majority of browsing. Live plant cover was greater on areas receiving moreC. elaphususe, and no grass species were used above recommended levels. Stubble heights ofBoutelouaspp. were positively related to relativeC. elaphususe on some areas, suggesting possible stimulation of grassland productivity byC. elaphusgrazing. Water infiltration rates either did not differ among use or control sites or were faster in use sites, indicating no impacts ofC. elaphususe on soil compaction. At currentC. elaphusdensities (0.2–0.4/km2), negative impacts to plants and soils were not seen on Chaco, and some evidence suggests that light grazing is optimizing desert grasslands of Chaco.
Meta-analysis of Vitamin D–Binding Protein and Cancer Risk
Authors: Tagliabue Elena , Raimondi Sara , Gandini Sara
Published: September 2015

Background: Epidemiologic evidence supported a role for vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in cancer risk. Beyond VDR, the biologic effects of vitamin D are mediated by the vitamin D–binding protein (DBP), a key protein in vitamin D metabolism. Furthermore, the gene encoding the DBP (GC, group-specific component) has an important role in the vitamin D pathway. Several studies investigated DBP serologic levels and GC polymorphisms in association with cancer risk with controversial results. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis to investigate these associations.

Methods: We included 28 independent studies concerning the following tumors: basal cell carcinoma, bladder, breast, colon–rectum, endometrium, liver, esophagus, stomach, melanoma, pancreas, prostate, and kidney. Through random-effect models, we calculated the summary odds ratios (SOR) for serum DBP and the GC polymorphisms rs2282679, rs12512631, rs7041, rs4588, rs17467825, rs1155563, and rs1352844.

Results: We found a borderline decrease in cancer risk for subjects with high compared with low levels of DBP [SOR, 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56–1.00]. Dose–response meta-analysis indicates a nonsignificant decrease risk for an increase of 1,000 nmol/L of DBP (SOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91–1.01). We found no significant alterations in cancer risk for subjects carrying any of the studied GC polymorphisms compared with wild-type subjects both in the main analysis and in analyses stratified by cancer type and ethnicity.

Conclusions: We found trends toward significance, suggesting a role of DBP in cancer etiology, which should be confirmed in further studies.

Impact: To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate GC polymorphisms and DBP serologic levels in association with any type of cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(11); 1758–65. ©2015 AACR.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА КОНТАМІНАЦІЇ ВОДИ ПОВЕРХНЕВИХ ВОДОЙМ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ПРИДУНАВ’Я НАЙПРОСТІШИМИ І ГЕЛЬМІНТАМИ
Authors: Ковальчук Л.Й. , Мокієнко А.В. , Мельник Л.П.
Published: September 2015

Представлено результати санітарно-паразитологічних досліджень води поверхневих водойм Українського Придунав’я. Встановлено високий відсоток (60 %) контамінації водиооцистами Cryptosporidium spp. як ознаки наявності персистуючих джерел забруднення. Висловлено думку щодо антропогенності такого забруднення неочищеними стічними водами, носійства ооцист Cryptosporidium spp. населенням, необхідності верифікації цих збудників при гастроентероколітах нез’ясованої етіології. Обґрунтована необхідність оптимізації знезараження води та проведення систематичного санітарно-паразитологічного моніторингу води із застосуванням сучасних методів досліджень.
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МОКСИФЛОКСАЦИНУ В ІНТЕНСИВНУ ФАЗУ ПРОТИТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗНОЇ ХІМІОТЕРАПІЇ У ХВОРИХ НА ВПЕРШЕ ДІАГНОСТОВАНИЙ ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗ ЛЕГЕНЬ
Authors: Кужко М.М. , Процик Л.М. , Гульчук Н.М. , Аврамчук О.В. , Гречаник Л.І.
Published: September 2015

Мета дослідження – встановити ефективність моксифлоксацину в інтенсивну фазу протитуберкульозної хіміотерапії у хворих на вперше діагностований туберкульоз легень. У дослідження було включено 102 хворих: 31 отримували моксифлоксацин 0,4 г замість етамбутолу, 27 - моксифлоксацин 0,4 г замість ізоніазиду, 44 - стандартну протитуберкульозну терапію протягом 2 місяців. Встановлено, що застосування моксифлоксацину замість етамбутолу в інтенсивну фазу хіміотерапії призводить до підвищення частоти припинення кашлю на 23,4 %, мокротиння на 27,9 % через 2 тижні лікування, підвищення частоти припинення бактеріовиділення на 26,5 % за 1-й міс. лікування, скороченню термінів припинення бактеріовиділення до (4,6±0,4) тиж. порівняно із стандартною протитуберкульозною хіміотерапією.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЕКСПЕРТНИХ ОЦІНОК ДЛЯ АНАЛІЗУ СИСТЕМИ ПРОФІЛАКТИКИ АТРОФІЇ ЗОРОВИХ НЕРВІВ
Authors: ВАСЮТА В.А.
Published: September 2015

Мета: створення програми профілактики атрофії зорових нервів різного ґенезу та проведення її експертної оцінки.

Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використовувалися метод системного підходу, аналітико-синтетичний метод, результати власних досліджень, метод експертних оцінок.

Результати. Розроблена програма профілактики атрофії зорових нервів різного ґенезу та проведена експертна оцінка даної моделі.

Висновки. Переважно високі бальні експертні оцінки дозволяють зробити висновок про актуальність даної моделі, доцільність її впровадження у практику охорони здоров’я та прогностичну ефективність.

КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: зоровий нерв, атрофія, профілактика, експертні оцінки.
ШЛЯХИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ДІАГНОСТИЧНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ ТА ПРОГНОСТИЧНИХ КРИТЕРІЇВ КЛІНІЧНОГО ПЕРЕБІГУ ГЕНЕРАЛІЗОВАНОГО ПАРОДОНТИТУ
Authors: ГАСЮК Н.В.
Published: September 2015

Мета: оптимізувати діагностичний процес пародонтологічних пацієнтів і запропонувати шляхи прогнозування клінічного перебігу генералізованого пародонтиту та визначення адекватного комплексу місцевих втручань.

Матеріали і методи. Матеріалом для дослідження слугував вміст пародонтальних кишень, забраний у 55 осіб чоловічої статі молодого віку. Основним критерієм відбору серед даного контингенту була відсутність шкідливих звичок та супутньої соматичної патології.

Результати. Застосування запропонованого алгоритму обстеження, який включає дослідження клітинного складу пародонтальних кишень та імуногістохімічного профілю клітинних інфільтратів власної пластинки ясен, морфологічних та цитоспецифічних змін епітелію при пародонтиті, дає можливість доповнити арсенал існуючих традиційних методів діагностики в пародонтології більш точними і високоспецифічними та запропонувати ряд морфологічних прогностичних критеріїв клінічного перебігу даної нозологічної одиниці.

Висновки. Проведений статистичний аналіз дає можливість виділити «нейтрофільний», «макрофагальний» та «моноцитарний» типи мазків-зскрібків за умов хронічного перебігу генералізованого пародонтиту.

Ключові слова: оптимізація, алгоритм, пародонтальна кишеня, клітини, ядро, цитоплазма.
ЗАХВОРЮВАНІСТЬ ЗА ОКРЕМИМИ КЛАСАМИ І НОЗОЛОГІЧНИМИ ФОРМАМИ ОСІБ МОБІЛІЗАЦІЙНОГО РЕЗЕРВУ, ЕВАКУЙОВАНИХ У ПІДЛІТКОВОМУ ВІЦІ, У ВІДДАЛЕНОМУ ПЕРІОДІ ПІСЛЯ АВАРІЇ НА ЧАЕС
Authors: СІЧІНАВА Р.М.
Published: September 2015

Мета: аналіз захворюваності осіб мобілізаційного резерву у віддалений період, евакуйованих у підлітковому віці (до 18 років) із 30-кілометрової зони ЧАЕС після катастрофи.

Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовані дані 3816 дорослих осіб за спеціальною клініко-епідеміологічною програмою обстеження, яка включала аналіз історії хвороб, вивчення стану здоров'я цієї категорії потерпілих у віддаленому періоді після аварії, за 2000–2012 рр. Були використані дані державних і галузевих статистичних звітів та дані Держкомстату України.

Результати. Встановлено зниження показників у ІІ та ІІІ періодах спостереження порівняно з І періодом за наступними класами: хвороби нервової системи, органів дихання, органів травлення, сечостатевої системи. У ІІІ періоді спостерігалося різке зростання захворюваності на хвороби вегетативної нервової системи, цереброваскулярні розлади, хронічні захворювання печінки, цироз.

Висновки. Необхідні подальші дослідження захворюваності евакуйованих осіб мобілізаційного резерву.

Ключові слова: мобілізаційний резерв, захворюваність, віковий період, радіація, класи хвороб.
ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕНІСТЬ СИСТЕМИ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я МЕДИЧНИМИ ЗАКЛАДАМИ ТА МЕДПЕРСОНАЛОМ
Authors: ПЕТРАШИК Ю.М.
Published: September 2015

Мета: виявити особливості забезпеченості системи охорони здоров’я медперсоналом, медичними закладами та устаткуванням, вивчити сучасний стан та тенденції в охороні здоров’я у світі та в Україні.

Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використано статистичні дані ВООЗ щодо стану охорони здоров’я у країнах світу та показники ресурсів охорони здоров'я в Україні; застосовувалися методи статистичного аналізу, синтезу та дедукції для виявлення забезпеченості медперсоналом, медичними закладами та устаткуванням.

Результати. Встановлено, що у сфері охорони здоров’я в Україні і світі спостерігаються наступні тенденції: зменшення загальної кількості лікарняних ліжок при зростанні інтенсивності їх роботи; збільшення кількості спеціалізованих відділень; зростання ваги невідкладної медичної допомоги.

Висновки. Проведений аналіз дозволяє робити прогноз щодо необхідності тих чи інших видів медичних послуг та відповідних змін в організації охорони здоров’я.

КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: охорона здоров’я, медичний заклад, медперсонал.
The phenotypical and activation lymphocytes markers at abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Akimova V. M.
Published: September 2015

The aim of the research was to investigate cell immunity in patients with abdominal tuberculosis to improve the diagnostic process and treatment. It was shown that under the condition of the abdominal tuberculosis the T-cell immunodeficiency is formed by the cause of domination of apoptosis. Activation of CD8+ and CD16+ lymphocyte subsets characterize chronic inflammation. Also the I type of hypersensitivity occures
The efficacy of substitutive surfactant therapy for correction of oxidative stress manifestations in lung tissue after experimental thermal injury in dynamic
Authors: Nebesna Z. M. , Volkov К. S. , Lisnychuk N. Ye. , Demkiv І. Ya. , Yavorska S. І.
Published: September 2015

Complex structural and metabolic changes in lung tissue after burn injury occur as a result of free radical processes activation under decrease of antioxidant protection enzymes activity and increase of endotoxemia. The correction of thermal trauma by surfactant reduces free radical processes and increases antioxidant enzymes activity in the blood and lung tissue of experimental animals and restores prooxidant-antioxidant balance that consequently causes the decrease of endogenous intoxication intensity
PARAMETERS OF FREE-RADICAL OXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCE SYSTEM IN RATS OF BOTH SEXES WITH SODIUM NITRITE INTOXICATION
Authors: Pryshliak A. M. , Stakhurska I. O. , Holovatiuk L. M.
Published: September 2015

Long-term influence of sodium nitrite on rats causes an increase in lipid peroxidation products in blood and myocardial tissue in animals of both sexes and is accompanied by a decrease in activity of enzymic and non-enzymic components of antioxidant defence system. Under the conditions of intoxication, the process of LPO is less aggressive in females in the comparison with males.
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of 5,7-diacyl-3-H(alkіl)-6- aryl-5H-[1,2,4]triazol[3,4-b][1,3,4]tіadiazin derivaties
Authors: Yadlovskyi O. Ye. , Koval А. Ya. , Seredynska N. M. , Bukhtiarova T. A. , Bershova T. A. , Demchenko D. A. , Bobkova L. S. , Demchenko A. M.
Published: September 2015

The search for new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, exceeding by efficacy and/or safety the existing
analogues is very important and relevant. The nitrogenous heterocycles are promising in this respect, in particular,
the compounds containing an imidazole triazol and tіadiazin moiety. The aim of the current study was to investigate
the antiexudative and antinociceptive activity of new derivatives of 5,7-diacyl-3-H(alkyl)-6-aryl-5H[1,2,4]triazol[3,4-b]
[1,3,4]thiadiazine.
The antinociceptive and antiexudative activity studies were carried out on the white nonlinear mice. The
experimental evaluation of specific activity was carried out on the models “Hot plate”, acetic acid induced writhing
(antinociceptive action) and carrageenan edema (antiexudative action). The substance was used in a single oral rout
administration in a dose of 25 mg/kg. Ketorolac was used as a reference product in the dose of 25 mg/kg (models
“Hot plate”, acetic acid induced writhing). Diclofenac was used as a reference product in the dose of 25 mg/kg on
the model carrageenan edema. The experimental study showed the antinociceptive and antiexudative effects of the
derivatives. The antinociceptive activity of 5,7-diacyl-3-H(alkіl)-6-aryl-5H[1,2,4]triazol[3,4-b][1,3,4]tіadiazin derivaties
related to the modification structure in the para position of benzene ring. The antiexudative activity is associated with
acetyl groups thiadiazine ring. The most promising compound IFT_247 showed a significant antinociceptive effect,
which is comparable to an active comparator ketorolac: “Hot plate” +232.46 % and +112.71 %; acetic acid induced
writhing -66.67 % and -61.02 %, respectively.
Violation of some parameters of pigment and lipid metabolism in experimental pneumonia in immobilization stress and their correction by corvitin
Authors: Ferents N. М.
Published: September 2015

Research results have shown the liver damage in terms of EP and IS in violation of its functional state. High
levels of bilirubin and cholesterol suggests the existence of violation of integrity hepatocytes syndrome which is
caused by the negative impact of VC in terms of IS . Using the domestic drug “Corvitin”, resulted in a significant
decrease in the changed parameters of bilirubin and cholesterol under conditions of formation of EP and IP , indicating
its positive effect adjustment.
Applying of endogenous cardioprotection for the correction of humoral immunity in experimental diffuse cardiosclerosis in rats with different resistance to hypoxia
Authors: Saturska H. S.
Published: September 2015

It was studied the effect of early use of trimetazidine on changes in the Ig М, Ig G, Ig А concentration in blood
serum of rats with different innate resistance to hypoxia at stages 7, 14 and 30 days of diffuse ischemic-necrotic
cardiosclerosis. The comparison of the studied parameters at each stage of observation between groups treated
and untreated animals was done. The results were analyzed using the latest achievements in this field. It was done
the conclusion about the feasibility of early use of trimetazidine in the development of myocardial fibrosis.
KEY WORDS:
The comparative analysis of element composition of cortex betula birch, substance of it and soil
Authors: Mala O. S.
Published: September 2015

Using atom-emission spectrometry method the study of element composition of cortex betula birch, substance
of it and soil was conducted. There were determined 5 macro-elements and 19 micro-elements in the investigated
objects.
Condition of antioxidant system in white rats under introduction of cadmium against the background of using of drinking water with different concentration of natrium ions
Authors: Flekey N. V.
Published: September 2015

There was studied the condition of antioxidant system in white rats under introduction of cadmium against the
background of using of drinking water with different concentration of natrium ions.
From Despair to Poignancy
Authors: Kafka John S.
Published: September 2015

Beginning with an autobiographical reflection, this essay explores the notion of poignancy in psychoanalytic thought and therapy. It is difficult to find adequate translations in different languages for the term “poignancy.” It is an affect closely related to transience and goes hand-in-hand with a diminution of narcissism that characterizes the termination process of psychoanalytic treatment.
Recepção internacional de Machado de Assis: um debate em torno da disjuntiva local vs. universal
Authors: Bordini Maria Isabel
Published: September 2015

Procuramos analisar a oposição entre os conceitos de local e universal, oposição que aparece em alguns textos críticos acerca da recepção internacional da obra de Machado de Assis que foram publicados ao longo da última década. Os críticos e pesquisadores cujas ideias comentamos, e cujos artigos compuseram um debate sobre a inserção da obra machadiana no cenário internacional, são, nomeadamente, Michael Wood, Roberto Schwarz e Abel Barros Baptista. Nossa análise e comentário sobre o debate entre eles desenvolvido conta ainda, como ponto de fuga, com nosso posicionamento de que o uso da disjuntiva local vs. universal comporta o risco de ocultar a realidade histórico-social em que o fenômeno literário está inserido. Faz-se necessário, portanto, buscar outras categorias que deem conta de forma mais equilibrada de toda a complexidade envolvida na produção e recepção literária, em geral, e na produção e recepção da obra machadiana, em particular.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: local; universal; crítica; recepção; Machado de Assis

 
O processo compositivo de “O Relógio”, sua expressão plástica e a desconfiguração do tempo da narrativa como legado literário de Iberê Camargo
Authors: Tessuto Junior Edgard
Published: September 2015

É intenção do presente artigo realizar análise crítica literária do conto “O Relógio”, de Iberê Camargo, pintor, gravurista e escritor gaúcho. Cabe ressaltar, entretanto, que o trabalho não se limita a discorrer apenas sobre os processos de construção da literatura, mas trata-se de um estudo comparativo entre essa produção literária e as artes plásticas, nas quais o autor teve grande êxito e reconhecimento.
Paralelismos à parte: Termos de comparação entre Roberto Schwarz e Ismail Xavier
Authors: Cordeiro Rogério
Published: September 2015

Este artigo propõe uma interpretação das obras capitais de Roberto Schwarz, Ao vencedor as batatas e Um mestre na periferia do capitalismo, comparando com Sertão Mar e Alegorias do subdesenvolvimento, de Ismail Xavier. A ideia central se volta para a abordagem materialista dos dispositivos estéticos. Trata-se de uma via de compreensão bastante relevante, que insere a literatura nos debates sobre os rumos do mundo e permite que se entenda o processo histórico por dentro. A comparação entre teorias críticas voltadas para artes diferentes (literatura e cinema) favorece a reflexão sobre a dialética como metodologia de análise.
É possível saber que horas são no entre-lugar?
Authors: Fogal Alex Alves
Published: September 2015

Resumo: O objetivo do artigo é contrastar o método crítico de Roberto Schwarz e o de Silviano Santiago, dois grandes nomes no que diz respeito ao tema da posição da literatura brasileira no ocidente. Apesar de se interessarem pela mesma questão, o estudo almeja demonstrar partem de pressupostos bem distintos e chegam a resultados totalmente diversos. O primeiro, inspirado por autores de ponta da crítica dialética, como Walter Benjamin e Adorno, se empenha em demonstrar que a condição de nosso sistema literário e de nossa cultura não deve ser pensada a partir de um ponto de vista a-histórico, uma vez que a forma estética possui objetividade e não deve ser resumida a um jogo verbal. Fazer isso seria concebê-la de modo metafisico. Já o segundo, fundamentado por uma lógica pós-estruturalista, via Derrida, acredita se tratar de uma questão do âmbito do discurso, dependendo, portanto, da maneira como a realidade é “lida” pelo sujeito.

 

Palavras-chave: Roberto Schwarz, Silviano Santiago, método crítico.

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Forma objetiva em Roberto Schwarz
Authors: Soster Vitor
Published: September 2015

A “forma objetiva” pode ser considerada como central nas análises literárias e cinematográficas de Schwarz (2012d). Assim, revisando seus estudos e estabelecendo conexões com a contemporaneidade, este trabalho percorre discussões feitas pelo autor sobre Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas (Machado de Assis, 1881), “Pobre Alimária” (Oswald de Andrade, 1925), Os Fuzis (Ruy Guerra, 1964) e Terra em transe (Glauber Rocha, 1967). Depois apontamentos são feitos a respeito de O som ao redor (Kleber Mendonça Filho, 2012), buscando identificar também nela sua forma objetiva e sua respectiva dinâmica relacionada ao Brasil. Entretanto, o problema local jamais é visto como desassociado do âmbito global. Logo, em direção às considerações finais, associações são feitas com estudos do crítico norte americano Jameson (2000), especialmente no que concernem ao conceito de “mapeamento cognitivo”. Sendo assim, ao fim, demonstra-se o sentido pretendido por Schwarz ao se referir a certas ideias como estando fora do lugar (2012c).
Potentials of Organic Agriculture in Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Gopal Datt , Doppler Werner , KC Krishna Bahadur
Published: September 2015

Increasing use of agro-chemicals, higher production cost and deteriorating ecosystem health have advocated the need to change traditional and external input use agriculture towards safe and sustainable organic production. Current research focuses on the constraints and opportunities of organic agriculture and consumers' awareness and willingness to pay more for organic vegetables by selecting producers from Lalitpur and Bhaktpur districts using spatial sampling and consumers from Kathmandu valley randomly. Data obtained from structured questionnaire were subjected to descriptive and econometric analysis and willingness to pay analysis. Most of the farmers interviewed are aware about the negative repercussion of the indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals. Organic vegetables are either home delivered and/or sold to the specialized niche markets. All domestic organic products reach to consumers without labeling. Most of the organic consumers are willing to pay eight rupees more for labeled organic vegetables. Currently organic farmers rely only on consumers' willingness to pay more to obtain a compensation for lower yields. Family income, education, profession etc are key attributes of the consumers shaping their decision to buy organic vegetables. Organic industry is too small and a long way to go in Nepal. Political commitments such as avoiding conflicting drive to maximize production, hammering proactive policy, initiating organic technology research, providing market incentives and institutionalization of Nepalese organic movement are imperative to further enhance organic sector in Nepal.  Key words: Awareness; Consumers; Marketing; Organic vegetables; Regression; Willingness to payThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 Page: 14
Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Organic Products: A Case From Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Aryal Kamal P. , Chaudhary Pashupati , Pandit Sangita , Sharma Govinda
Published: September 2015

This paper presents the consumers' willingness to pay a price premium for organic products in Kathmandu Valley. The Nepal Permaculture Group surveyed 180 consumers using semi-structured questionnaires to examine peoples' perception about organic products and assess their willingness to pay for such products. The study revealed that all respondents are willing to pay price premium, but the level of acceptability varied considerably. A total of 58% of the consumers are willing to pay 6- 20% price premium, whereas 13% are willing to pay up to 50% premium. The average premium was estimated about 30%. About 39% of the respondents feel the extra cost for organic products is reasonable, while 27% considered it too high. The survey also suggested that the consumption of organic products is increasing; however, product development and innovations in certification, processing, labeling and packaging are needed to further stimulate demand.  Key words: Certification; Consumer perception; Organic products; Price premium; Processing; Willingness to payThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 Page: 15-26
Climate Change and Organic Agriculture
Authors: Khanal Ram Chandra
Published: September 2015

This paper attempts to explore some research findings focusing on the climate change impact on (organic) agriculture and agriculture impact on climate change through a literature review. This review reveals that climate change and agriculture are closely linked and interdependent. Compared to conventional agriculture, organic agriculture is reported to be more efficient and effective both in reducing GHGs (CO2, CH4 and N2O) emission mainly due to the less use of chemical fertilizers and fossil fuel. Organic agriculture also reported to be climate change resilience farming systems as it promotes the proper management of soil, water, biodiversity and local knowledge there by acting as a good options for adaptation to climate change. But, due to lack of proper research, the contribution of organic agriculture for climate change adaptation and mitigation is yet to be known in the Nepalese context. It is argued that organic agriculture positively contributes to offset negative impacts of climate change, but there is inadequate systematic data to substantiate this fact.Key words: Adaptation; Climate change; Greenhouse gases mitigation; Organic agriculture; etc.The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 Page: 116-127