bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Site selection for waste disposal through spatial multiple criteria decision analysis
Authors: Sharif Mohammed A. , Retsios Vasilios
Published: April 2024

This article deals with the application of spatial multiple criteria evaluation (SMCE) concepts and methods to support identification and selection of proper sites for waste disposal. The process makes use of a recently developed SMCE module, integrated into ITC`s existing geographic information system called ILWIS. This module supports application of SMCE in planning and decision making processes through several compensatory and non-compensatory approaches, allowing inclusion of the spatial and thematic priority of decision makers. To demonstrate the process, a landfill site selection problem around the town of Chinchina, in Colombia, is used as an example. Based on different objectives, a spatial data set consisting of several map layers, e.g., land use, geological, landslide distribution, etc., is made available and used for modeling the site selection process.
Primality proving with Gauss and Jacobi sums
Authors: Chmielowiec Andrzej
Published: April 2024

This article presents a primality test known as APR (Adleman, Pomerance and Rumely) which was invented in 1980. It was later simplified and improved by Cohen and Lenstra. It can be used to prove primality of numbers with thousands of bits in a reasonable amount of time. The running time of this algorithm for number N is O((ln N)C ln ln ln N}) for some constant C. This is almost polynomial time since for all practical purposes the function ln ln ln N acts like a constant.
Cryptology Laboratory - its quality system and technical competence according to the ISO/IEC 17025 standard
Authors: Wicik Robert
Published: April 2024

A laboratory is an organization which operates a quality system, has technical competence, generates valid results and its quality system and technical competence are conformed and recognized. A cryptology laboratory operates in information technology security area, where cryptographic methods of information protection play main role. Appropriate confidence, correctness and effectiveness of security services is needed and may be achieved trough development, evaluation, accreditation and certification processes performed by competent and commonly recognized organizations like: laboratories, certification and accreditation bodies. We describe in the paper the accreditation and certification structure and the IT security framework and also the role of the cryptology laboratory in this structure and framework.
Photoelectric measurements of the local values of the effective contact potential difference in the MOS structure
Authors: Borowicz Lech Kazimierz
Published: April 2024

We have shown that using focused UV laser beam in photoelectric methods it is possible to measure local φMS values over the gate area of a single MOS structure. The φMS distribution is such that its values are highest far away from the gate edges regions, lower in the vicinity of gate edges and still lower in the vicinity of gate corners. Examples of measurement results and description of the measurement system are presented. The dependence of the φMS value on the exposure time and the power density of UV light is discussed.
Silicon TCD for the methane and carbon monoxide detection
Authors: Łysko Jan M. , Latecki Bogdan , Nikodem Marek W. , Górska Marianna , Małachowski Marcin
Published: April 2024

Analytical model, design principles, technology and test results concerning a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) are presented. Prototype TCD units fabricated using the standard silicon IC VLSI and MEMS techniques are reported. The detectors are integrated with gas separation columns and micro-valve dosing systems. Initial tests were carried out in a gas mixture containing methane, carbon monoxide, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen.
Variability of the local φMS values over the gate area of MOS devices
Authors: Przewłock Henryk M. , Kudła Andrzej , Brzezińska Danuta , Massoud Hisham Z.
Published: April 2024

The local value distributions of the effective contact potential difference (ECPD or the φMS factor) over the gate area of Al-SiO2-Si structures were investigated for the first time. A~modification of the photoelectric φMS measurement method was developed, which allows determination of local values of this parameter in different parts of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures. It was found that the φMS distribution was such, that its values were highest far away from the gate edge regions (e.g., in the middle of a square gate), lower in the vicinity of gate edges and still lower in the vicinity of gate corners. These results were confirmed by several independent photoelectric and electrical measurement methods. A model is proposed of this distribution in which the experimentally determined φMS distributions, found previously, are attributed to mechanical stress distributions in MOS structures. Model equations are derived and used to calculate φMS distributions for various structures. Results of these calculations remain in agreement with experimentally obtained distributions. Comparison of various characteristics calculated using the model with the results of photoelectric and electrical measurements of a wide range of Al-SiO2-Si structures support the validity of the model.
Intelligent decision system based on the evidential reasoning approach and its applications
Authors: Xu Dong-Ling , Yang Jian-Bo
Published: April 2024

Intelligent decision system (IDS) is a window-based software package that has been developed on the basis of the evidential reasoning (ER) approach, a recent development in handling hybrid multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) problems with uncertainties. In this paper, the evidential reasoning approach will be briefly described first, and its major differences from and the relationships with conventional MCDA methods will also be discussed. Then the main features, advantages and benefits of IDS will be demonstrated and explained using two application examples: supplier pre-qualification assessment and customer satisfaction survey analysis, which have been investigated as part of the research projects led by the authors and funded by the UK government and the EC. It is concluded in the paper that the ER approach can be used not only to deal with problems that traditional methods can solve, but also to model and analyse more complicated decision problems that traditional methods are incapable of handling.
Information and e-learning services for the efficient management of allergy and asthma, employing an integrated environment monitoring network
Authors: Kolovou Lamprini T. , Chassomeris Constantine A.
Published: April 2024

In this paper we present a distributed telematic platform which is implemented to support health information management and innovative services to people suffering from allergies, asthma and rhinitis. The developed system establishes a trans-European information network offering specialized services to health professionals, patients and the public, by collecting, processing and distributing specialized data and informational content. An integrated monitoring and reporting system of aero-allergens is used to collect Pan-European environmental data and produce allergy maps, forecasting and danger level alerts. Informational content and e-learning resources are also consolidated and combined with personalized health management services. Through the created network, health information is supplied to sufferers via WWW and SMS technologies, and informational and learning resources are offered to health professionals. Sets of services were implemented in pilot form and offered to real users for testing purposes. The results were encouraging towards expansion to fully blown service at a Pan-European level.
Preface
Authors: Angelidis Pantelis A.
Published: April 2024

Preface
Reliability of line-of-sight radio-relay systems
Authors: Bogucki Jan , Ewa Wielowieyska
Published: April 2024

The modern radio transmission systems are specifically designed for catching principally two main objectives: on one side to provide a radio solution for long distance where large configurations are required to fulfill the high capacity transmissions needs, on the other side to guarantee link quality as high as possible. The availability of a radio-relay system is dependent upon many factors and particularly upon: the reliability of equipment and propagation conditions. The article describes the wave propagation and equipment that determine the performance of a radio-relay path. National Institute of Telecommunications (NIT) carried out research on propagation phenomena on terrestrial path and exemplary results are described herewith. The availability of radio equipment based on the mean time between failures for equipment modules is presented too.
CDMA wireless system with blind multiuser detector
Authors: Leon Wai Yie , Homer John
Published: April 2024

In this paper we present an approach capable of countering the presence of multiple access interference (MAI) in code division multiple access (CDMA) channels. We develop and implement a blind multiuser detector, based on an independent component analysis (ICA) to mitigate both MAI and noise. This algorithm has been utilized in blind source separation (BSS) of unknown sources from their linear mixtures. It can also be used for estimation of the basis vectors of BSS. The aim is to include an ICA algorithm within a wireless receiver in order to reduce the level of interference in CDMA systems. This blind multiuser detector requires less precise knowledge of the channel than does the conventional single-user receiver. The proposed blind multiuser detector is made robust with respect to imprecise knowledge of the received signature waveforms of the user of interest. Several experiments are performed in order to verify the validity of the proposed learning algorithm
Load-balanced route discovery for mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Abolhasan Mehran , Lipman Justin
Published: April 2024

This paper presents flow-aware routing protocol (FARP), a new routing strategy designed to improve load balancing and scalability in mobile ad hoc networks. FARP is a hop-by-hop routing protocol, which introduces a flow-aware route discovery strategy to reduce the number of control overheads propagating through the network and distributes the flow of data through least congested nodes to balance the network traffic. FARP was implemented in GloMoSim and compared with AODV. To investigate the load distribution capability of FARP new performance metrics were introduced to measure the data packet flow distribution capability of the each routing protocol. The simulation results obtained illustrate that FARP achieves high levels of throughput, reduces the level of control overheads during route discovery and distributes the network load more evenly between nodes when compared to AODV. This paper also describes a number of alternative strategies and improvements for the FARP.
An adaptive LQG TCP congestion controller for the Internet
Authors: White Langford B. , Chiera Belinda A.
Published: April 2024

This paper addresses the problem of congestion control for transmission control protocol (TCP) traffic in the Internet. The method proposed builds on the ideas of TCP Vegas, a true feedback control approach to congestion management of TCP traffic. The new method is based on an adaptive linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) formulation which uses an extended least squares system identification algorithm com- bined with optimal LQG control. Simulation experiments indicate that the new technique inherits good equilibrium properties from TCP Vegas, but has much superior transient responses which, the paper argues, is important for good dynamic congestion control.
Transmitter diversity antenna selection techniques for wireless channels utilizing differential space-time block codes
Authors: Tran Le Chung , Wysocki Tadeusz Antoni , Mertins Alfred , Seberry Jennifer
Published: April 2024

The paper deals with transmitter diversity antenna selection techniques (ASTs) for wireless channels utilizing differential space-time block codes (DSTBCs). The proposed ASTs tend to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of those channels. Particularly, we propose here the so-called general (M,N;K) AST/DSTBC scheme for such channels. Then, based on this AST, we propose two modified ASTs which are more amenable to practical implementation, namely the restricted (M,N;K) AST/DSTBC scheme and the (N + ¯N,N;K) AST/DSTBC scheme. The restricted (M,N;K) AST/DSTBC scheme provides relatively good bit error performance us- ing only one feedback bit for transmission diversity purpose, while the (N+ ¯N,N;K) AST/DSTBC scheme shortens the time required to process feedback information. These techniques remarkably improve bit error rate (BER) performance of wireless channels using DSTBCs with a limited number (typi- cally 1 or 2) of training symbols per each coherent duration of the channel. Simulations show that the proposed AST/DSTBC schemes outperform the DSTBCs without antenna selection even with only 1 training symbol.
Empowering the mobile worker by wearable computing – wearIT@work
Authors: Boronowsky Michael , Herzog Otthein , Knackfuß Peter , Lawo Michael
Published: April 2024

Currently wearable computing is still a technology of niches and in a laboratory stage. With wearIT@work a project dedicated to applications was launched by the European Commission (EC IP 004216). The first year of the project is nearly over and first results were achieved. In this paper the concept of the project is introduced and first results are presented. As the project strongly follows a user centred design approach much effort was put on first investigations with users in the four application domains of maintenance, production, hospital and fire fighting. Beside this results concerning a wearable computing hardware platform and software framework were achieved.
President’s Report for 2008/09
Authors: Editors
Published: April 2024

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Science Review Subcommittee Report for 2008/09
Authors: Editors
Published: April 2024

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In This Issue
Authors: Petrey Allen
Published: April 2024

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Evolution of senior secondary school biology education in New Zealand
Authors: Bay Jacquie
Published: April 2024

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Editorial
Authors: Berridge Mike
Published: April 2024

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New Dean of Science for the University of Auckland
Authors: Editors
Published: April 2024

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Why science?
Authors: Penny David
Published: April 2024

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David Penny: Man on the edge
Authors: Matisoo-Smith Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

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Implikují vágní objekty vágní identitu?
Authors: Dvořák Petr
Published: April 2024

Článek z oblasti analytické metafyziky se věnuje problému, zda vágní objekty implikují vágní (neurčitou) identitu. Pokud by tomu tak bylo, pak lze s Evansem argumentovat tak, že nemohou existovat, protože vágní identita vede k nekoherenci. Studie představuje argument pro zmíněnou implikaci (Weathersonovský argument) a ukazuje, jak se jeho závěru vyhnout. Evansův argument předpokládá, že jména v tvrzeních o neurčité identitě referují určitě. Nejlepší cesta, jak se celému problému vyhnout, je tedy ukázat, že vágní objekty sice implikují vágní (neurčitou) identitu, ale v takových tvrzeních o identitě vystupují výrazy, které nereferují určitě. Tím vyřešíme i námitku, že sice tvrzení o identitě mezi vágním objektem a jeho přesnou realizací není neurčité, ale neurčité je tvrzení o identitě dvou vágních objektů.
Přemluv bábu, protože je čeho se bát, aneb Waltonova argumentační schémata ve videu „Přemluv bábu“
Authors: Prokop Martin
Published: April 2024

V textu představuji dva přístupy k argumentační analýze: neformálně-logickou analýzu založenou na práci Ralpha H. Johnsona a J. Anthonyho Blaira a argumentační schémata od Douglase Waltona. V první části definuji oba dva přístupy a vysvětluji jejich vzájemný vztah. Dále vysvětluji základní pojmy obou přístupů – definuji argument, interní argument, implicitní premisu a PZ-strukturu, argumentační schéma a kritické otázky. Věnuji se i popisu jejich výhod a nevýhod. V druhé, praktické části textu aplikuji definované nástroje na video Přemluv bábu. Formuluji tři výzkumné otázky, na které odpovídám. V rámci odpovědi na první předkládám PZ-strukturu argumentace z videa. Záměrem druhé otázky je identifikace argumentačních schémat v analyzované struktuře, kde považuji za nejdůležitější argument apelující na strach. Účelem poslední otázky je hledání odpovědí na kritické otázky související s identifikovaným schématem. Docházím k závěru, že protagonisté argumentu neodpovídají na otázky uspokojivě. Záměrem textu je předložit případovou studii, na které ukážu, jak analyzovat argumentační text pomocí zvolených přístupů.
Role historie v době post-faktické
Authors: Černín David
Published: April 2024

Jaká je role historie v době post-faktické? Může nám filosofie historie pomoci bránit se proti cílenému zneužívání historických narativů na ideologickém základě? Tento článek zkoumá filosofické reflexe historie a jejich vztah k ideologiím. Je ukázáno, že na počátku této filosofické disciplíny filosofové jako Karl Popper nebo C. G. Hempel usilovali o eliminaci politického a ideologického zabarvení historie. Avšak narativistické bádání Haydena Whita naznačuje, že takový cíl je nedosažitelný. Antirealistická filosofie historie, zastoupena L. J. Goldsteinem, dokonce odmítá reálnou minulost jako cíl historického bádání a zdůrazňuje situovanost historiků ve vztahu k důkazům. Představená verze historického antirealismu chápe historii jako současné zkoumání, které sdílí řadu rysů s kritickým myšlením a zaměřuje se především na zkoumání empirických dat, jež vyžadují postulaci nepřístupné minulosti. Tato podobnost by měla být zdůrazněna skrze výuku historie jako zkoumání, nikoliv jako pouhého příběhu.
Augustine’s Self-Knowledge in Animals
Authors: Klozar Karel
Published: April 2024

This paper focuses on Augustine’s concept of self-knowledge or self-awareness in non-rational animals through examining the relation between external senses, internal sense and rationality. The explanation of what causes motion in non-rational living beings is quite puzzling in the case of animal’s self-perception – for what reason do they move, sense or live. This motivation is also connected to the self-preservation principle, which is one of the two sources of confusion regarding self-perception in animals; the other one is the ability of internal sense or anima to perceive themselves, other animals and humans as alive – in spite of the fact that this can in no way be sensory information.
Filosofická praxe v České republice
Authors: Mareš Lukáš , Peltan Václav , Havlová Eliška
Published: April 2024

Pojem filosofie nabyl v průběhu historie řadu podob a významů. Kromě tradičního teoretického zaměření se lze setkat s přístupem, který vyzdvihuje praktický dopad filosofování na život člověka. Příspěvek představuje koncept filosofické praxe a reflektuje její současný stav na území České republiky. Autoři vymezují filosofickou praxi jako disciplínu filosofie, a načrtávají její možné dělení na dílčí oblasti. Nastíněny jsou její historické kořeny, které autoři identifikují v antickém Řecku. Dále se věnují systematickému představení doposud sepsaných materiálů k filosofické praxi a přehledu její realizace na území České republiky. Detailní pozornost věnují autoři popisu tří jejích oblastí, mezi které patří filosofie pro děti (P4C), filosofický workshop a filosofická konzultace. Kromě teoretického vymezení reflektují rovněž své vlastní postupy v uvedených oblastech. Článek čerpá především ze zahraniční odborné literatury, konkrétně z textů a dalších materiálů filosofických praktikantů. Jeho cílem je představit českému čtenáři doposud podrobněji neřešený koncept filosofické praxe a připravit tak pole pro možnou debatu na akademické rovině.

Klíčová slova: filosofická praxe, dialog, filosofie pro děti, P4C, filosofický workshop, filosofická konzultace
Environmental Justice and Rawlsian Social Contract Theory
Authors: Myšička Stanislav
Published: April 2024

Contemporary social and political theory is not wholly sufficient for dealing with environmental issues unless it will be more informed by political theories of justice. I present the view that environmental justice can be fruitfully approached from the point of view of contemporary social contract theory, mainly the one inspired by the work of John Rawls. Healthy natural environment is indispensable for many reasons for every human society; however, nature possesses also value going beyond pure instrumentality for human beings. Because humans can have great impact on natural environment in either positive or negative way, this entails duties on their part. Society’s dealings with the environment are regulated by laws and other publicmeasures, which in turn have their deeper justification in general theory of justice of that particular society. The article tries to show that contemporary social contract theory can fruitfully grasp principles of environmental justice, which could lead to more environment sensitive policies and be acceptable from liberal point of view at the same time.Politické myšlení nemůže adekvátně reagovat na environmentální problémy současné společnosti, pokud nebude více pracovat s konceptem environmentální spravedlnosti. V tomto článku se snažím ukázat způsob, jak může být otázka environmentální spravedlnosti uchopena pomocí teorie společenské smlouvy v podání Johna Rawlse. Lidé mají svoji činností významný dopad na životní prostředí, což má za následek nerovnou distribuci environmentálních dober a škod. Proto existují vůči ostatním lidem povinnosti vyplývající ze spravedlnosti vztahující se na environmentální oblast. Environmentální otázky se nicméně musí řešit pomocí závazných společenských pravidel, která mají podobu zákonů vynucovaných státem. Tyto zákony mají své hlubší ospravedlnění právě v určité teorii spravedlnosti, která zakládá jejich legitimitu. Ve článku se snažím ukázat, že pomoci teorie společenské smlouvy lze konstruovat soubor principů environmentální spravedlnosti pro společnost, která se chce stát více odpovědnou vůči životnímu prostředí a zároveň fungovat podle liberálních principů.
Vymedzenie noriem, prvopočiatky morálky a vzájomná dôvera
Authors: Popper Miroslav
Published: April 2024

Príspevok pozostáva z troch častí. Prvá časť sa zaoberá taxonómiou a kritériami klasifikácie rôznych druhov noriem. Poukazuje na to, že rozdiel medzi dvoma najdôležitejšími druhmi kooperačných noriem – sociálnymi a morálnymi – je skôr kvantitatívneho než kvalitatívneho charakteru a navrhuje trojdimenzionálny model ich diferenciácie. Druhá časť je venovaná morálnym normám a zdôvodňuje dominantnú rolu emócií pre vznik a fungovanie morálky, ktorá zohráva kľúčovú rolu pri ochrane spoločnosti pred najnebezpečnejšími sociálnymi konfliktami. V tretej časti sa argumentuje, že vzájomná sociálna dôvera, nevyhnutná pre medziľudskú kooperáciu, sa postupne vytvára zdola nahor, najskôr na úrovni najbližšej rodiny a postupne sa rozširuje na ďalšie okolie. Pre jej zvýšenie a udržanie sú nevyhnutné sociálne a morálne normy, ktoré tiež historicky vznikali najskôr v lokálnych spoločenstvách a až postupne sa šírili do širších sociálnych celkov. Príspevok upozorňuje na možné negatívne konzekvencie plynúce z podceňovania roly sociálnych a morálnych noriem a snahy riadiť sa namiesto nich len legislatívnymi normami, spočívajúce v oslabení sociálnych väzieb.
Compatibilism and Conscious Will
Authors: Košová Michaela
Published: April 2024

Daniel Dennett’s compatibilism based on redefining free will via broadening the concept of self to include unconscious processes seems to disappoint certain intuitions. As Sam Harris points out, it changes the subject from the free will we seem to intuitively care about – conscious free will. This compatibilism is untenable since conscious will seems to be an illusion. However, if we take Dennett’s idea of “atmosphere of free will” and view conscious will as an important concept or “user illusion” which is one of the atmosphere’s building blocks, we can see how a new compatibilism could be reached. Although from the point of view of scientific thinking conscious will seems illusory, inspired by Wilfrid Sellars’s conception of manifest and scientific images we can start to understand free will as existing on its own conceptual level. The confusion stems from mixing the two frameworks. Kompatibilismus Daniela Dennetta, založený na redefinování svobodné vůle skrze rozšíření konceptu „já“ o nevědomé procesy, se zdá být v nesouladu s jistými intuicemi. Jak upozorňuje Sam Harris, vyhýbá se té svobodné vůli, o kterou nám zřejmě intuitivně jde – vědomé svobodné vůli. Tento kompatibilismus je neudržitelný, protože vědomá vůle se zdá být iluzí. Když ale přijmeme Dennettovu myšlenku „atmosféry svobodné vůle“ a nahlédneme vědomou vůli jako důležitý koncept nebo „uživatelskou iluzi“, která je součástí této atmosféry, můžeme najít cestu k novému kompatibilismu. Ačkoliv se z vědeckého pohledu zdá být vědomá vůle iluzí, inspirováni koncepcí zjevného a vědeckého obrazu Wilfrida Sellarse můžeme porozumět svobodné vůli jako existující na své vlastní konceptuální úrovni. Zmatení přichází právě s mícháním zmiňovaných dvou rámců.
Vyřešil Hans Albert problémy Popperova kritického racionalismu?
Authors: Paitlová Jitka
Published: April 2024

Kritický racionalismus je v české akademické diskusi spojován především se jménem sira Karla R. Poppera. Cílem tohoto článku je komparativně rozšířit tento obraz prostřednictvím myšlenek Hanse Alberta, Popperova následovníka v německé jazykové oblasti. Konkrétně bude diskutována problematika rozlišení kontextu objevu a kontextu zdůvodnění. Na základě vybraných problémů, s nimiž se Popper nedokázal zcela vypořádat, bude ukázáno, jak tyto problémy do své koncepce involvuje a jak je řeší Albert. Zajímavý na tomto srovnání je především fakt, že Albert pojímá původně filosoficko-vědní problémy v širším filosofickém rámci. Díky tomu se mu podařilo uchopit kritický racionalismus – jak sám Popper uznal – s odstupem a v nových souvislostech. In the Czech academic environment, the critical rationalism is associated above all with the name of Sir Karl R. Popper. The aim of this paper is to comparatively extend this view via thoughts of Popper’s German follower Hans Albert. Specifically, the issue of the distinction between context of discovery and context of justification will be discussed here. Against the background of selected problems, which Popper did not adequately solve, I will demonstrate how Albert involves these problems in his own conception and how he solves them. The interesting fact about this comparison is that Albert approaches the originally philosophical-scientific problems in a wider philosophical context. Thanks to this wider context he grasps the critical rationalism from a distance and in new connections, as Popper accepted himself.
K fenomenognozii časového vědomí
Authors: Janoušek Hynek
Published: April 2024

Následující text vydal v roce 1930 Oskar Kraus pod názvem Zur Phänomenognosie des Zeitbewußtseins v časopisu Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie, 75, n. 1-2, s. 1-22. Obsahuje výňatky z korespondence Franze Brentana a pražského profesora Karlo-Ferdinandovy univerzity Antona Martyho z roku 1895 a část Martyho přednášky o Brentanově teorii časového vědomí z téhož roku. Tématem textu je zdůvodnění přechodu od modelu časového vědomí, který pracuje s časovou modifikací předmětů představování, k modelu, který pracuje s časovou modifikací intencionálního vztahu k předmětu. Ve verzi, která je zde zachycena, jde o přechod ke kontinuální modifikaci aktů souzení, které předmět „kladou“. Čtenáře, který by se zajímal o popis a hlubší zdůvodnění vývoje a povahy Brentanových teorií časového vědomí, bych odkázal na následující texty: Chisholm, R. (1981): „Brentano’s Analysis of the Consciousness of Time“. Midwest Studies in Philosophy 6 (1), 3-16, a Chrudzimski, A. (2005): Intentionalität, Zeitbewusstsein und Intersubjektivität, Studien zur Phänomenologie von Brentano bis Ingarden, Ontos, Frankfurt. V češtině pak na Janoušek, H. (2017): „Brentanova teorie času a časového vědomí“. Pro-Fil, 18, no. 1, (v tisku), dostupné online na stránkách časopisu Pro-Fil.
Střet kontinentální a analytické filozofie
Authors: Tvrdý Filip
Published: April 2024

Článek se zabývá dějinami střetu mezi analytickou a kontinentální tradicí, který dominoval filozofii 20. století. I když obě tradice vzešly ze stejného intelektuálního prostředí a byly výrazně ovlivněny novokantovstvím, přesto se jejich vzájemné neporozumění postupem času prohlubovalo a při několika příležitostech situace přerostla v otevřené nepřátelství. V článku je popsáno deset nejzávažnějších konfliktů: Russell vs. Bergson, Schlick vs. Husserl, Carnap vs. Heidegger, Ryle vs. Heidegger, Popperova kritika pseudovědy, konference v Royaumont, Searle vs. Derrida, odhalení Heideggerovy nacistické minulosti, Derridův čestný doktorát z Cambridge a Sokalův podvrh. Na počátku 21. století se ukazuje, že rozepře analytické a kontinentální filozofie se vyčerpala. Mnohem podstatnější je spor o samotnou metodologii filozofie, jenž se projevuje v rozhraní mezi naturalisticky a antinaturalisticky zaměřenými mysliteli.The article focuses on the history of the conflict between analytic and continental tradition, which dominated the philosophy of the 20th century. Although both traditions originated from the same intellectual environment and were heavily influenced by Neo-Kantianism, their mutual lack of understanding progressed over time and, on several occasions, the situation grew into open hostility. The article describes the ten most serious conflicts: Russell vs. Bergson, Schlick vs. Husserl, Carnap vs. Heidegger, Ryle vs. Heidegger, Popper's critique of pseudoscience, conference in Royaumont, Searle vs. Derrida, the revelation of Heidegger's Nazi past, Derrida's Honorary Doctorate from Cambridge, and Sokal's scam. At the beginning of the 21st century it turns out that the conflict between analytic and continental philosophy has been exhausted. What is more substantial is the dispute over the philosophical methodology, which is reflected in the division into naturalistic and anti-naturalistic thinkers.
Russelliánský monismus jako svébytné metafyzické stanovisko
Authors: Mihálik Jakub
Published: April 2024

Příspěvek kriticky reaguje na pojednání o russelliánském monismu v monografii Jaké to je, nebo o čem to je? Tomáše Hříbka. Podle Hříbka russelliánský monismus, přístup k fenomenálnímu vědomí inspirovaný vhledy Bertranda Russella, nepředstavuje skutečnou alternativu vůči materialismu, dualismu a idealismu. Autor příspěvku argumentuje, že russelliánský monismus naopak lze pokládat za svébytné metafyzické stanovisko, jež se navíc vyhýbá hlavním úskalím těchto tradičních přístupů. Nejprve odpovídá na námitku, že fundamentální jsoucna neutrálního monismu jsou ve skutečnosti mentalistická, a tedy nikoli neutrální.V souvislosti s neutrálním monismem rovněž poukazuje na problémy Hříbkovy definice fyzikalismu v duchu via negativa. Autor dále vysvětluje, proč na rozdíl od dualismu nepředstavuje pro russelliánský monismus vážnou obtíž kauzální uzávěra fyzična, a upozorňuje, že russelliánský monismus dokáže lépe než materialismus odpovědět na výzvy, jako jsou argument z myslitelnosti a argument z poznání. Ačkoli tedy russelliánský monismus má s materialismem, dualismem a idealismem jistě styčné plochy, daří se mu vyhnout nejvážnějším obtížím těchto směrů, a máme proto dobrý důvod chápat jej jako svébytný a slibný přístup k fenomenálnímu vědomí.
Je to o fenomenálním charakteru
Authors: Polák Michal
Published: April 2024

Argumentace Tomáše Hříbka proti fenomenálnímu charakteru se opírá především o Dennettova stanoviska. Dennettem dlouhodobě preferovaná strategie při vypořádání se s tímto problémem je metodologický naturalismus. Tato strategie jistě přinesla své ovoce, zejména je-li řeč o otevření skutečně kritické diskuse na téma kválií. Problém vědomí je však v současnosti traktován spíše v rámci materialistické metafyziky, než z pohledu Dennettova metodologického naturalismu. Tato preference má své empirické, ale i filosofické důvody, o nichž jsme hovořili s Tomášem Marvanem v knize Vědomí a jeho teorie. Protože Hříbkova monografie reaguje na některé názory z této knihy, komentuji Hříbkovy reakce a upřesňuji naše postoje. Zároveň se vyjadřuji k zařazení naší pozice v rámci materialistické metafyziky k materialismu typu B. V druhé části statě se zabývám problémem fenomenálního charakteru vědomé zkušenosti a snažím se argumentovat, že tento těžký problém nelze odstranit pouze tím, že se prokáže neudržitelnost tradičního chápání kválií.
BELİREN YETİŞKİNLER İÇİN YALNIZLIK KAYGISI ÖLÇEĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ VE ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE YALNIZLIK KAYGISININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Aslan Olcan , Karataş Zeynep
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı beliren yetişkinlere yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir yalnızlık kaygısı ölçeği geliştirerek, beliren yetişkinlerin yalnızlık kaygısı düzeylerini bazı değişkenlere göre incelemektir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları 3 farklı çalışma grubundan olmak üzere toplamda 1534 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın 724 kişiden oluşan ilk çalışma grubuyla ölçeğin faktör yapısını belirlemek amacıyla AFA yapılmış ve ölçeğin toplam varyansı % 55,6 oranında açıkladığı ve 3 faktörden oluştuğu görülmüştür. Ölçek güvenirliği için ise iç tutarlılık (Cronbach alpha),yapısal güvenirlik (McDonald) ve iki yarı güvenirlik analizleri (Spearman Brown) kullanılmış ve yalnızlık kaygısı ölçeğinin güvenilir bir yapıya sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın 257 kişinden oluşan ikinci çalışma grubuyla ise DFA yapılmış ve ölçek değerlerinin iyi uyum gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada 553 kişiden oluşan üçüncü çalışma grubuyla ise yalnızlık kaygısı çeşitli değişkenlere göre (cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim görülen program, anne-baba yaşam durumu, sosyal medya kullanım sıklığı, arkadaş sayısı, en uzun süre yaşanılan yerleşim merkezi, romantik ilişki yaşama durumu, kolay arkadaşlık kurma, psikolojik travma deneyimi, aile birlikteliği, fiziksel travma deneyimi ve psikolojik yardım deneyimi) incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda geliştirilen yalnızlık kaygısı ölçeğinin beliren yetişkinlerin yalnızlık kaygısı düzeylerini belirlemek adına kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Effects of Social Media Addiction and Psychological Resilience On Online Purchasing Decisions
Authors: Dişli Bayraktar Eda
Published: April 2024

In this research, it was aimed to assess the influence of social media addiction and psychological resilience on online purchasing decisions from a marketing standpoint. A survey was administered to 384 university students, comprising a demographic questionnaire, the Online Decision-Making Scale (ODMS), the Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS), and the Psychological Resilience Scale (PRS). Psychological resilience (PRS) exhibited a significant negative correlation with sensitivity to brand dimension of ODMS. SMAS total scores were positively correlated with sensitivity to quality, sensitivity to brand, sensitivity to innovation, sensitivity to mobility and sensitivity to web interface. The effect of social media addiction on online purchase decisions was statistically significant and positive, while the effect of psychological resilience was statistically insignificant. The findings indicate that university students' addiction to social media positively influences their online shopping behavior. As levels of social media addiction increase, students tend to engage in more online purchases.
China Automotive Market Development Trends
Authors: Zhang Kang , Golik V.
Published: April 2024

The successful experience of China in borrowing foreign innovations and international scientific and technical cooperation is analyzed. There is a stereotype that China has made an innovation breakthrough by directly borrowing foreign technology and innovation. However, the process of their development was more complex and mutually beneficial, and ultimately gave rise to the conditions for the creation of their own technologies and innovations, this is confirmed by China’s world leader today in patent registration and the publication of scientific articles. The article identifies the factors of such success associated with properly organized scientific and technical cooperation.
Leasing of nutrients from soils: economic aspect
Authors: Pirahouskaya H.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of long-term lysimetric studies (for 1981–2020) on the influx of atmospheric precipitation onto the surface of the most common soils of the Republic of Belarus, their migration and transformation in soil solutions, the loss of nutrients (total nitrogen, nitrate and ammonium, phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium – K2O) from a soil layer of 1.0–1.5 m into the environment when used in crop rotations when cultivating agricultural crops of standard and new forms of fertilizers in optimal and increased doses, as well as standard fertilizers under a monoculture of perennial legume-cereal grass mixtures, with an assessment their economic damage in the system «аtmospheric precipitation – soil – fertilizer – plant».
Unjuk kerja mesin diesel berbahan bakar biodiesel campuran jatropha – sawit 4 : 1
Authors: Wahyudi W. , Nadjib M. , Mahottama S.M.
Published: April 2024

The increasing need for energy and environmental problems caused by the use of fossil fuels make the development of alternative fuels very important. This research aims to explore the potential of a jatropha-palm biodiesel combination with a 4:1 composition as an alternative fuel. The methods employed include esterification and transesterification of both oils, along with physical property testing and diesel engine performance. Results indicate an increase in density and viscosity with increasing biodiesel concentration, while the calorific value decreases. The fuel injection angle also changes with a higher biodiesel proportion. The diesel engine exhibits variations in rotational speed and power depending on the load and type of fuel. Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) increases with engine load. In conclusion, the jatropha-palm biodiesel combination holds potential as an alternative diesel engine fuel.
Kinerja mesin air water harvester dengan evaporator koil pada berbagai kecepatan udara masuk
Authors: Mirmanto M. , Alit I.B. , Maulana A.
Published: April 2024

An experimental study regarding the performance of air water harvester was conducted at the natural ambient conditions. The air water harvester consisted of 3 coil evaporators and used R134a as the working fluid. The coil evaporators were constructed from copper tubes with a diameter of 6.35 mm, coil number of 26, and coil diameter of 8 cm. The air intake velocities were 4 m/s, 5 m/s, 6 m/s. The results show that the highest water mass is 1.72 kg for 7 hours at the air velocity of 6 /s, and the total heat transfer rate is 582 J/s. Increasing the air intake velocity raises the fresh water mass and the total heat transfer rate. Based on EUR the machine is not effective yet but based on the price of the water the machine gives benefit.
Aula passeio no circuito histórico-cultural do Rio de Janeiro: conteúdo relacionado o ensino de geografia e da cultura afro-brasileira
Authors: Farias José Mauro dos Santos
Published: April 2024

Este trabalho é fruto da aplicação de conceitos pedagógicos desenvolvidos por Célestin Freinet, especificamente a metodologia da aula - passeio. Objetivou-se, por meio dela, investigar a potencialidad
Educação em Saúde sob a Perspectiva Docente: da Teoria à Prática na Atenção Primária
Authors: Sousa Joab Gomes da Silva , Silva Irene Custódia da , Rodrigues Eduarda Maria Duarte , Gomes Henrique dos Santos , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de
Published: April 2024

A prática da educação em saúde não é algo contemporâneo, remete-o ao século XVII. No século XVIII na Europa já eram realizados almanaques objetivando divulgar cuidados higiênicos, configurando-se como uma prática de educação em saúde. Nas últimas décadas, ou seja, no século XX e XI. Destaca-se a implementação e implantação do Sistema Unico de Saúde (SUS). Essas práticas, nos três níveis de atenção vêm se desenvolvendo de forma expressiva/ressaltando as desigualdades locorregionais, a exemplo da... Atualizar essa informação, destacando a atenção primária em saúde como ambiente prioritário para realização das mesmas frente às evidências em ações de prevenção e promoção em saúde (CHIESA; VERÍSSIMO, 2001).
Aulas Híbridas como Herramientas Tecnológicas en la Educación Superior: Estudio Bibliométrico
Authors: Mota Suarez Katihuska Tahiri , Martínez Fuentes Marlenis Marisol
Published: April 2024

Las aulas híbridas representan un modelo educativo que combina la enseñanza presencial y virtual, brindando flexibilidad y nuevas oportunidades de aprendizaje en la educación superior. Este estudio documental tiene como objetivo proporcionar una perspectiva actualizada sobre el estado de la investigación en aulas híbridas en el ámbito universitario, destacando sus beneficios, desafíos y potencial transformador. Mediante un análisis bibliométrico de publicaciones recientes, se examinaron los aportes de diversos autores. Los resultados revelan que las aulas híbridas ofrecen ventajas como flexibilidad, acceso a recursos diversos y colaboración, pero también presentan desafíos como la capacitación docente y la brecha digital. Se concluye que su implementación efectiva requiere adaptación curricular, diseño instruccional dinámico y consideración del contexto de los estudiantes, presentando oportunidades para enriquecer la educación superior.
The influence of subjective socioeconomic status on inclination to offline collective action: a sequential mediation framework of group relative deprivation and online collective behavioral intentions
Authors: Helen Keneilwe Nyambe  , Xin Li  , Meng Xiong
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the influence of subjective socioeconomic status (SES) on the inclination towards collective action among college students while exploring the mediating roles of group relative deprivation and intentions of online collective behavior. A sample of 250 undergraduate students from diverse Chinese universities participated in a survey, anonymously completing measures of subjective SES, group relative deprivation, intention of online collective behavior, and intention of offline collective action. Utilizing Model 6 of the SPSS PROCESS macro, the data was analyzed to examine sequential mediation effects. Results indicate a significant negative predictive relationship between SES and offline collective behavior intention (β=-0.843, p<0.001). Mediation analysis reveals a sequential mediating mechanism, with SES exerting an indirect effect on offline collective behavior dispositions through group relative deprivation (β=-0.423, p<0.001), further influencing the intention of online collective behavior (β=0.657, p<0.01). The sequential mediation model explains 21.9% of the total effect. This study contributes to understanding the complex mechanisms underlying the impact of subjective SES on collective action intentions, emphasizing the importance of considering subjective perceptions in predicting collective behavior. These findings have implications for theoretical frameworks and practical interventions aimed at fostering collective action in various societal contexts.
Probability-based error adjustment and area-efficient approximate 4-2 compressor for approximate multiplier
Authors: E.Rama Krishna Reddy  , Bandaru Usha Sri  , Reddy Syam Sundhar  , Gudepu Kiran Mahesh Kumar
Published: April 2024

For error-tolerant applications like image processing, many multipliers based on approximation compressors have been created to save power; however, the combination of these multipliers has not been well researched. This short builds a hybrid multiplier based on the compressors, a constant approximation, and an AND gate for error correction. It also suggests a novel 4 gate 4-2 approximate compressor that is complementary with other compressors from previous work. The simulation results show that, in comparison to the exact multiplier, the proposed hybrid approximation multiplier has superior accuracy and electrical performance tradeoff, reducing the power-delay-area product (PDAP) by 66% with an MRED of 2.5%.
Recruiting and Selection during the Era of Umar Bin Khattab Administration
Authors: Bolatito Samtito Shamsuddin
Published: April 2024

The Era of Umar Ibnul Khattab is considered as the golden age in the history of Islam, The public treasury (Baitul mal), Army bureau, department of Records (Diwan), Hisba were all initiated in his time which led to signifying recruitment. This comprehensive paper�explores the subject of recruitment and selection during the reign of Umar ibn Khattab, the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. The reign of Umar bin Khattab from 634 to 644 AD saw notable progress in administrative structures, such as the implementation of a well-organized recruiting and selection procedure. This study examines the strategies used by Umar bin Khattab to find and choose persons for important roles within the Islamic state. Utilizing reputable print encyclopedias, nonfiction books, academic journals, and dictionaries, this study offers a comprehensive examination of the historical backdrop, selection criteria, and the influence of Umar bin Khattab's approach on the governance of the caliphate.This paper further describes and analyzes job recruitment and selection in this era. The method used in this research is a descriptive approach, the recruitment policy, and its process were described. And the data were collected from secondary sources. The research found that his employment of experts regardless of closeness or any other factor was the main characteristic of his era, his policies and procedures in recruiting can be used to establish an Islamic recruitment policy and structure.�
Ethnocultural and linguo-pragmatic potential of phraseological units as means of national identification of Austrians
Authors: Chukshis Vadim Andreevich
Published: April 2024

The research aims to identify the ethnocultural and linguo-pragmatic potential of phraseological units as sources of the distinctiveness of Austrian Standard German. The paper is novel in that it is the first to conduct an analysis of Austrian-specific phraseological units and communicative formulas as ethnocultural markers and means of expressing the national identity of Austrians within the framework of a linguocultural approach to studying the Austrian phraseological system. As a result, the researcher identified the following types of Austrian phraseological units: 1) phraseological units with ethno-realia: a) phraseological units with toponyms; b) comparative phraseological units with anthroponyms; c) phraseological units with pragmatonyms denoting currency; d) phraseological units with names of inherently Austrian food products; e) phraseological units containing words with the -erl, -(e)l suffixes; 2) phraseological units denoting social status and status characteristics; 3) Austrian-specific communicative formulas. Throughout the research, the ethnocultural and linguo-pragmatic potential of Austrian phraseological units and proverbs reflecting cultural codes, peculiarities of the national character, and the worldview of Austrians were determined.
ANSTÄNDIGKEIT (DECENCY) in German linguoculture
Authors: Khlopova Anna Igorevna
Published: April 2024

The research aims to determine the psychologically relevant content of the value ANSTÄNDIGKEIT (DECENCY) in German linguoculture. The complexity in defining the content of this value primarily lies in its ambivalence. The research is novel in that it identifies factors indicating the transformation of the value and develops a methodology for determining the transformation of the value. The data obtained from lexicographical sources and an associative experiment are verified using the method of subjective scaling, ranking, and clarifying survey. As a result, it has been proven that the surveyed respondents do not perceive ANSTÄNDIGKEIT (DECENCY) as a value that should determine their behavior in society. Respondents equate decency with politeness and good behavior but do not associate the studied value with refraining from low acts and with honesty. The results indicate the lack of formation of the ANSTÄNDIGKEIT (DECENCY) value for the surveyed respondents.