bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of NPK on the Ecophysiological Attributes of Thespesia populnea
Authors: Sudhagar R. Jude , Fernandaz C. Cinthia , Vennila S. , Manivasakan S. , Robin Th. S.
Published: March 2024

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of NPK on the performance of Thespesia populnea. A total of 17 treatments consisted of four levels of Nitrogen (50, 75, 100 and 125 g N plant-1), two levels each of Phosphorus (50 and 75 g P plant-1), and Potassium (25 and 50 g K plant-1) were tried in RBD replicated three times, to standardize the fertilizer schedule for the tree crop taken for investigation. The experimental soil was red sandy loam, non-calcareous, neutral in reaction, low in available nitrogen, phosphorus and medium in available potassium with low organic carbon content. Ecophysiological parameters viz., photosynthestic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs) and Intercellular CO2 concentration (CINT). Growth attributes were influenced by N, P and K at different levels. Among the various treatments application of 100 : 75 : 50 g NPK plant-1 (T12) significantly  influenced the growth attributes followed by 100 : 75 : 25 g NPK plant-1 (T11).
Detecting Change in a Volatile Curve United State Stock Market (US SM) with the Use of Automated Decomposition for Time Series Components
Authors: Oloruntoba Ajare Emmanuel , Adekunle Adefabi , Olubunmi Olorunpomi Temitope
Published: March 2024

The main reason for this investigation is to use manual process of identification of time series components with two types of automated decomposition for time series known as automated BFTSC (break for time series components) and, automated GFTSC (Group for time series components) in detecting change in a volatile curve united states stock market (US SM). In identification of components of time series present in the seasonal data of US stock market. The data US Stock Market was a monthly data from January 2001 until December 2018 and a total of 18 years. The stock market of US is also available as a secondary data at the DataBank of University Utara Malaysia Library.  The weaknesses of BFAST were corrected by the extension of BFAST to BFTSC and GFTSC. Both were created to capture the cyclical and irregular components that were not captured by BFAST technique and it was included in the methodology of this study. BFTSC and GFTSC were considered to provide  a combined image of all the four components of time series while GFTSC had additional advantage of providing equations to the components automated. Evaluation using simulation data and empirical data vindicated the accuracy of  BFTSC and GFTSC based on linear trend less volatile data.  They are effective and better than BFAST because it was able to identify 100% of the data with the basic four time series components monthly.  Both techniques detects 99 % of the entire components in the time series data in a linear trend data.
Optimization of Urea Super Granule Boost up for the Efficiency of N and Improved the Potato Quality, Growth and Yield
Authors: Islam M. K. , Hossain M. N. , Paul A. K. , Karim M. J. , Nasrin S. , Jiku M. A. S.
Published: March 2024

Potato is the third most important food crop after wheat and rice in Bangladesh. To determine the suitable nitrogen source by observing the growth performance with a view to increasing the yield of potato, a research work was carried out at the Research Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November 2018 to March, 2019. The experiment consisted of eight treatments. The experiment was laid out with Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Experimental results showed that nitrogen sources had significant effect on plant height, number of effective stem hill-1, wt. of tuber (g hill-1), yield of tubers (kg plot-1), yield of tubers (t ha-1), tuber fleshy dry matter content, specific gravity, grading of tubers (% by number). Potato production increased significantly due to the application of Urea Super Granule (USG). The highest production was observed in T3 treatment. The application of T3 treatment showed the highest wt. of tuber hill-1 (57.53g hill-1), highest tuber yield (25.77 kg plot-1), highest tuber yield (29.45 t ha-1) than any other sources of nitrogen treatments. The mean apparent recovery of Nitrogen by tested variety BARI Alu 7 (Diamant) was obtained with the application of USG in other treatment (except control) but the nitrogen use efficiency was highest in T3 treatment. Findings revealed that application of USG showed the superiority over other sources of nitrogen to produce highest tuber yield of potato and for all cases lowest results were found in T1 treatment receiving no fertilizer (control).
To Study the Effect of Foliar Spray of Nano Fertilizer on Growth Characters of Rabi Maize (Zea mays L.) in Mandsaur Region (MP), India
Authors: Lohar Deepak , Singh Matukdhari , Borah Ajanta , Srivastava R. P.
Published: March 2024

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar spray of nano fertilizer on growth characters of maize involving hybrid variety (pioneer) during Rabi season 2022-23 at Crop Research Cafeteria at Mandsaur University Mandsaur. This experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replication involving eight treatments and five growth characters of maize. The analysis of variance (ANNOVA) has indicated significant amount of variability present among all eight treatments and all five quantitative character studies. The obtained results revealed that the application of 100% NPK + 2 spray of nano N-fertilizer is more beneficial in terms of growth, productivity, maximum gross return, net return, beneficial cost ratio and sustainability over rest of treatments which lead us to recommend the treatment of 100% NPK + 2 spray of nano N-fertilizer as a most proper nutrients management practice to be applied in sandy loam soil at under Mandsaur region conditions.
Assessment of Soil Fertility Status of Rayal Cheruvu Village in Ramachandrapuram Mandal of Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Meghana B. Sai , Leelavathy G. P. , Vajantha B. , Rao G. Prasad , Naidu M. V. S.
Published: March 2024

One hundred soil samples from Rayal Cheruvu village in Ramachandrapuram mandal of Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh were collected by using GPS to study soil fertility status. These samples were analysed for physico-chemical and chemical parameters. The results revealed that soils were slightly acidic to strongly alkaline in reaction and non-saline. Soil organic carbon was low to medium. The available nitrogen was low, the available phosphorus ranged from low to high and the available potassium ranged from medium to high. The fertility status was used to assess soil fertility constraints in the study area.
Botanical Pharmacies: The Blooming Frontier of Biopharming in Horticulture
Authors: Mareguddikar Sampada C , Sowmya H. M.  , Gupta Soura Shuvra , Khayum Arshad , Basavaraj T.  , Siddiqua Ayesha
Published: March 2024

The emergence of botanical pharmacies marks a revolutionary stride at the crossroads of biotechnology and horticulture. Termed as the "Blooming Frontier of Biopharming in Horticulture," this field exploits the inherent potential of plants to act as living factories for synthesizing of pharmaceutical compounds. Through genetic engineering, specific genes are introduced into plants to trigger the production of valuable medicinal substances, presenting a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional pharmaceutical manufacturing. This innovative approach not only offers a renewable and scalable platform for drug manufacturing but also holds promise for addressing challenges related to the cost and sustainability of pharmaceutical production. While the potential benefits are significant, the field faces challenges regarding regulatory frameworks, public acceptance, and ecological considerations. Striking a balance between innovation and ethical responsibility is vital as botanical pharmacies pave the way for a transformative shift in the pharmaceutical landscape.
Cytomorphological Spectrum, Prevalence and Awareness of Abnormal Cervical Smears in Sokoto State Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed M. O. , Airauhi U. L. , Mohammed A. Z. , Salihu A. , Abubakar U. , Umar A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Cervical cancer is an important global health problem and, it is the fourth leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The distribution of cervical cancer differs across the world, with more than 85% of deaths occurring in developing regions. The incidence of cervical cancer in developing countries is approximately four to six times that of developed countries. Over 90% of the highest incidence rates of cervical cancer occur in sub-Saharan Africa. This high incidence is also related to the limited screening techniques and strategies used.

Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the cytomorphological spectrum, prevalence and awareness of abnormal cervical smears in Sokoto metropolis.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was utilized and a convenience sampling technique was employed to enlist female participants aged between 15 and 98 years old. The total sample size was determined to be162 samples. The state was home to a variety of ethnic groups, including Hausa/Fulani, Gobirawa, Zabarmawa, Kabawa, Arawa, Nupe, Yoruba, IBO's, and others

Results: Out of 162 cervical smears screened, 128 (79.0%) were found to be normal, 24 (14.8%) were abnormal, 7 (4.3%) were inadequate, and 3 (1.9%) were classified as acellular cervical smears. The awareness level of abnormal cervical smears in Sokoto metropolis was found to be 77.9%.

Conclusion: The study established a low prevalence(14.8%) and high level of awareness (77.9%) of abnormal cervical smears in Sokoto metropolis..
Management of Nodular Nasal Basal Cell Carcinoma with Wide Excision, Transpositional Median Forehead Flap, Forehead Split Thickness Skin Graft: Case Report
Authors: Sentoso Joko Wibowo , Nugroho Henky Agung , Wiramur Affandi
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin type cancer with an incidence rate of around 75-80%. The most common location is in the head and neck area around 70-80% and followed by other body parts around 25% consist of the penis, vulva or perianal area and 5% on the skin. BCC occurs more frequently in light-skinned individuals compared to dark-skinned individuals. The incidence rate is relatively lower in Asians, blacks ethnic, and Hispanics.

Case Presentation: A 66 years-old woman complained of scabs on the right side of her nose which had become increasingly widespread for the past 2 years. The wound was initially the size of a mole and was scratched until it spread until the patient was hospitalized. Physical examination showed a wound in the nasal area measuring 4 x 5 x 1 cm, irregular wound edges, cartilaginous wound base with necrotic tissue and pus. The first biopsy examination showed poorly differentiated basal cell carcinoma. The patient was treated with Nasal Reconstruction surgery consisting of wide excision was performed by surgical oncologist, transpositional median forehead Flap and forehead Split Thickness Skin Graft were performed by reconstructive plastic surgeon.

Discussion: The diagnosis of BCC in this patient was based on regarding history taking, physical examination and histopathological examination. However, for defects with a diameter of more than 1.5 to 2 cm, generally recommended using axial pattern flaps such as forehead flaps, nasolabial flaps and dorsal nose flaps. In this case, the patient was treated with wide excision followed by nasal reconstruction with a transpositional forehead flap and forehead split thickness skin graft.

Conclusion: Nevertheless, regional flaps remain the recommended procedure for nasal reconstruction after wide excision of the tumor. Accurate analysis of the damage combined with evaluation of the patient's clinical condition is necessary to select the best surgical technique. Thorough knowledge of regional vascular anatomy and a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach are important first steps for proper treatment of nasal skin cancer, so that the procedure for wide excision of nasal basal cell carcinoma followed by nasal reconstruction with transpositional forehead flap and split thickness skin graft, can provide satisfactory result.
Impact of Invasive Fall Army Worm on Maize Yield and Return Pattern in India: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Prakash K. N.  , Venkataramana M. N.  , Gaddi G. M.  , Umesh K. B.  , Muralimohan K.  , Gururaj B.  , Sharif Mahin , Khandibagur Vanitha
Published: March 2024

A study was conducted from 2018 to 2022 to investigate the impact of fall armyworm (FAW) invasion on maize cultivation in Karnataka, India. The financial implications and determinants of maize productivity were also determined. Following FAW invasion, cost of cultivation rose significantly to Rs. 69,747 compared to previous year cost of cultivation Rs.63,283 in absence of FAW, attributed to increased expenses on plant protection chemicals, labor, and fertilizer. Plant protection costs at Rs. 3,450 skyrocketed post FAW invasion compared to Rs. 329 before invasion. Whereas non managed fields had a total cost of Rs 61,760. The findings revealed that FAW caused substantial significant yield reduction of 4.14 q/ha in managed fields and 21.74 q/ha in non-managed fields when compared with yield of 49.54 q/ha prior to invasion. The cost of production found to be substantially high (Rs.2,222/q) after FAW invasion in non-managed fields and managed fields (Rs.1,536/q) when compared to prior FAW (Rs.1,277/q). The farmers in study area could able to realize higher returns per rupee of expenditure (1.54) prior to FAW when compared with after FAW invasion with management (1.28) and without management (0.89). The net profit margin of maize cultivation in the study area prior to FAW invasion stood at 35.19 per cent compared to 22.06 per cent after Fall Armyworm invasion with management and -11.71 per cent, without management practices, respectively. The results also revealed net financial impact of FAW invasion on maize cultivation, at Rs. -13,472/ha post invasion even after employing management practices and positive net financial impact of Rs. 26,987.50/ha for implementing FAW management measures when compared with non-managed fields post invasion. The relation between rainfall and productivity was statistically significant at one per cent level of probability with co-efficient value of 1.72. The coefficient value associated with the infestation event (-406.81) was found to be high, indicating a potentially strong relationship between productivity and infestation event.
Effects of Priming on Onion Seed Germination and Field Performance during Summer Sowing
Authors: Afifa Rukya Islam , Islam Nazrul , Choudhury Shormin
Published: March 2024

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the suitable to priming treatments on seed germination, bulb production and quality of onion.

Study Design: The experiment was set up in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications.

Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was conducted in Horticulture farm at Sher-e Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from April to October 2021.

Methodology: Seeds were immersed in each priming media for 12 and 24 hours, including distilled water, IAA (100 ppm), KCl (2.5%), and PEG-6000 (10%). The treatments were consisted of T1 (water 12 hr)), T2 (water 24 hr), T3 (PEG 12 hr), T4 (PEG 24 hr), T5 (IAA 12 hr), T6 (IAA 24 hr), T7 (KCl 12 hr) and T8 (KCl 24 hr).

Results: The maximum germination percentage (93%), plant height (25.93 cm), total chlorophyll (28.47 mg/g) of onion leaves, bulb yield (19.96 t/ha), total soluble solid (14.05 °Brix), reducing sugar (7.41%), and phenolic content (11.12 mg/100 g) of onion bulbs were recorded in the T3 treatment. However, the maximum fresh leaves/plant at bulb formation stage (3.73) and ascorbic acid content of onion bulb (7.20 mg/100 g) was recorded in T4 treatment.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that seed priming with PEG6000 (10%) for 12 hours improved growth, yield, and quality compared to other priming treatments.
Comparative Analysis of Morphological and Biochemical Traits in Fragaria × ananassa (Cv. Chandler) under Varied Cultivation Systems
Authors: Kaur Komalpreet , Singh Aalamjot , Kaur Amarjeet
Published: March 2024

The present research was carried out at Khalsa college Amritsar during 2018-19 to investigate the effect of different cultivation systems on the morphological and biochemical attributes of strawberry cv. Chandler under subtropical conditions of Punjab. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block design by using eight treatments, each comprising three replications. The different planting systems including flat beds, raised beds, ridges, soilless media, polythene bags, cement pots, plastic crates and low poly tunnels were employed during this research. The runners of strawberry collected from Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, were utilized for the experiment. The morphological parameters such as fruit size, weight, number of achenes and biochemical parameters like Total soluble solids, acidity, sugars and ascorbic acid content were analyzed. The results of this present study revealed that maximum fruit length, breath, number of achenes were observed underlow poly tunnels. Similarly, the maximum TSS, total sugar content, ascorbic acid and minimum acidity level was recorded under low under poly tunnels. These outcomes strongly suggest the superiority of utilizing low poly tunnels for strawberry cultivation, emphasizing their potential to enhance both morphological traits and biochemical compositions compared to the other employed planting systems.
A VOZ FEMININA SUBORDINADA EM GRANDE SERTÃO: VEREDAS
Authors: Lima Sandra Mara Moraes
Published: March 2024

O estudo realiza uma análise do discurso de Riobaldo, situando a presença da voz materna nesse discurso. Nesse intuito, apresenta o modo de incorporação do discurso de outrem, tendo em vista a presença da voz materna, bem como de outras vozes femininas que emergem no discurso do narrador. A análise é fundamentada na perspectiva dialógica do discurso, apresentada por Bakhtin e o Círculo. Partimos do princípio de que o discurso de Riobaldo é dialógico, povoado de inúmeras vozes, como qualquer discurso. Nessa perspectiva apresentamos as formas de presença da palavra alheia no discurso, demonstrando como as vozes femininas são ali submetidas, enfatizando que a mãe Bigri figura nesse discurso de modo silencioso, sub-repticiamente. Entretanto, na saga efetuada, a voz materna está incorporada de maneira preponderante no corpo discursivo de Riobaldo.
UMA VERDADE INVENTADA
Authors: Medeiros Renildo , Welter Juliane Vargas , Andrade Maria Regina Soares Azevedo de
Published: March 2024

Este artigo busca investigar a rememoração no romance O avesso da pele (2020), de Jeferson Tenório, considerando tanto o processo de luto e a reconstituição da memória de seus personagens, quanto sua relação com o contexto social abordado na obra. A partir de contribuições teóricas de Dalcastagné (2005), Freud (2011), Fanon (2020), Farias (2018), Le Goff (1990), Gagnebin (2006) e outros autores, percebe-se que o narrador assume o dever de contar a história do pai, um homem negro violentamente assassinado pela polícia militar brasileira, e o faz para ser também autor dessa história, elaborando o seu luto com auxílio do que chama de “verdade inventada”.
UMA ABORDAGEM INTEGRATIVA ENTRE PRODUÇÃO MAIS LIMPA E SIMBIOSE INDUSTRIAL EM ECOPARQUES INDUSTRIAIS
Authors: Cruz Henrique Lisbôa da , Moraes Carlos Alberto Mendes
Published: March 2024

Os Ecoparques Industriais estão inseridos no contexto da Ecologia Industrial como importantes estratégias para um desenvolvimento industrial mais sustentável. Este estudo buscou compreender como a Produção mais Limpa e a Simbiose Industrial podem ser aplicadas para o gerenciamento mais eficiente da oferta e da demanda de recursos em Ecoparques Industriais, tendo como estudo de caso um parque logístico localizado no sul do Brasil. Uma abordagem integrativa entre essas duas ferramentas foi proposta. Para tanto, foram realizadas vistorias técnicas ao empreendimento e nas empresas situadas no parque, a fim de identificar o processo produtivo de cada empresa. A partir da análise de entradas e saídas do macroprocesso e de entrevistas com os gestores responsáveis, foram vislumbradas as ações aplicáveis ao parque. A Produção mais Limpa foi aplicada à gestão da demanda de recursos, propondo-se ações visando ao uso mais eficiente de recursos e reduzindo a extração e a busca por novas fontes. Concomitantemente, a Simbiose Industrial foi relacionada à gestão da oferta, especialmente de água e energia, buscando por fontes mais limpas. A necessidade de atuação intrafirma, por meio da redução na fonte do consumo de materiais, água e energia, foi complementada por estratégias de Simbiose Industrial no nível interfirmas no parque, por intermédio de sinergias envolvendo o compartilhamento de utilidades (energia renovável e água da chuva) e serviços (gerenciamento de resíduos e consultoria ambiental compartilhada). A conjunção dessas ferramentas, para a gestão da oferta e da demanda, mostra-se necessária para garantir a disponibilidade futura dos recursos.
Randomized clinical trial of hepatectomy using intermittent pedicle occlusion with ischaemic intervals of 15 versus 30 minutes
Authors: Esaki M , Sano T , Shimada K , Sakamoto Y , Takahashi Y , Wakai K , Kosuge T
Published: July 2006

Background

The optimal ischaemic interval during hepatectomy with intermittent pedicle occlusion (IPO) remains to be established. The aim of the present randomized clinical trial was to compare the short-term outcome of hepatectomy using IPO with an ischaemic interval of 15 versus 30 min.

Methods

Between October 2002 and September 2004, 108 consecutive patients scheduled to undergo hepatectomy without bilioenterostomy were enrolled. During liver transection, IPO was performed with an ischaemic interval of either 15 min with 5 min of reperfusion (standard group, SG) or 30 min with 5 min of reperfusion (prolonged group, PG). After randomization and subsequent exclusion of certain patients, 44 patients in the SG and 48 in the PG were analysed.

Results

The mean(s.d.) bilirubin ratio (serum total bilirubin level on day 2 after operation divided by the preoperative level) was 1·6(0·8) in the SG and 1·7(0·8) in the PG (P = 0·874). The transection area per unit transection time was significantly greater in the latter group (median (range) 1·0 (0·4–2·1) versus 0·8 (0·0–1·5) cm2/min; P = 0·046).

Conclusion

There was no difference in the bilirubin ratio when IPO was carried out for 30 or 15 min. By extension of IPO to 30 min, a greater resection area per unit time was possible with preservation of remnant liver function.
Chemical Radiation Studies of 8‐Bromo‐2′‐deoxyinosine and 8‐Bromoinosine in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Russo Marialuisa , Jimenez Liliana B. , Mulazzani Quinto G. , D'Angelantonio Mila , Guerra Maurizio , Miranda Miguel A. , Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos
Published: July 2006

The reactions of hydrated electrons (eaq−) with 8‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyinosine (8) and 8‐bromoinosine (12) have been investigated by radiolytic methods coupled with product studies and have been addressed computationally by means of BB1K‐HMDFT calculations. Pulse radiolysis revealed that one‐electron reductive cleavage of the CBr bond gives the C8 radical 9 or 13 followed by a fast radical translocation to the sugar moiety. Selective generation of a C5′ radical occurs in the 2′‐deoxyribo derivative, whereas in the ribo analogue the reaction is partitioned between the C5′ and C2′ positions with similar rates. Both C5′ radicals undergo cyclizations, 10→11 and 14→15, with rate constants of 1.4×105 and of 1.3×104 s−1, respectively. The redox properties of radicals 10 and 11 have also been investigated. A synthetically useful photoreaction has also been developed as a one‐pot procedure that allows the conversion of 8 to 5′,8‐cyclo‐2′‐deoxyinosine in a high yield and a diastereoisomeric ratio (5′R)/(5′S) of 4:1. The present results are compared with data previously obtained for 8‐bromoadenine and 8‐bromoguanine nucleosides. Theory suggests that the behavior of 8‐bromopurine derivatives with respect to solvated electrons can be attributed to differences in the energy gap between the π*‐ and σ*‐radical anions.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Photoluminescence Properties of Two 2D Coordination Polymer Compounds with Drug Ligand Enoxacin
Authors: Yu Liang‐Cai , Chen Zhen‐Feng , Tan Ming‐Xiong , Liang Hong , Zhou Chun‐Shan , Zhang Yong
Published: July 2006

Two new 2D coordination polymers of [M(Enox)2]·C2H5OH (MZn, 1 and Co, 2; HEnox=1,4‐dihydro‐ 1‐ethyl‐6‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐7‐piperazine‐1,8‐naphtyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses showed that 1 and 2 are isostructural. The Zn(II) in 1 and Co(II) ions in 2 are six‐coordinated in an octahedral environment with an equatorial plane composed of four oxygen atoms:two of them from the 4‐oxo and the other two from 3‐carboxylate of two coordinated Enox ligands, forming a stable six‐membered chelating ring with the apical positions occupied by two N atoms of the piperazinyl rings. Thus, the molecules were self‐assembled into a 2D neutral square grid with cavity dimensions of 1.3399 nm×1.3399 nm for 1 and 1.3389 nm×1.3389 nm for 2, respectively. Compound 1 emits strong blue fluorescence on irradiation by UV light in the solid state at room temperature.
Semi‐synthesis of Several Stigmasterol Saponins
Authors: Li Chun‐Xia , Guo Tian‐Tian , Wang Peng , Guan Hua‐Shi , Li Ying‐Xia
Published: July 2006

Several stigamasterol saponins were concisely synthesized. Namely, four monosaccharide (glucopyranose, galactopyranose, xylopyranose, 2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐α‐D‐glucopyranose), lactopyranose and chacotriose were coupled with 3‐OH of stigmasterol. All the compounds were identified by NMR, IR and high resolusion MS.
Adsorption, Diffusion and Thermal Desorption Features of Cyclopentane and Cyclohexane in Silicalite‐1
Authors: Duan Lin‐Hai , Song Li‐Juan , Zhang Xiao‐Tong , Tang Ke , Dai Zhen‐Hua , Sun Zhao‐Lin
Published: July 2006

Adsorption, diffusion and thermal desorption features of cyclopentane and cyclohexane in silicalite‐1 have been investigated using the intelligent gravimetric technique. Both the saturation adsorption loadings and diffusion coefficient of cyclopentane were greater than those of cyclohexane. The diffusivity of cyclopentane was about one order of magnitude greater than that of cyclohexane at the same temperature and initial loading. For cyclopentane, there was only one kind of desorption process at adsorption loadings lower than 4 muc (molecule per unit cell), but two desorption processes appeared at the adsorption loadings higher than 4 muc. While for cyclohexane, one desorption process was found in the whole range of loadings. Both thermal desorption peaks of cyclopentane and cyclohexane moved to higher temperature region with increasing loading.
Ir/Oxide/Cellulose Composites for Catalytic Purposes Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Kemell M. , Pore V. , Ritala M. , Leskelä M.
Published: July 2006

Ir/TiO2/cellulose and Ir/Al2O3/cellulose composites have been prepared by atomic layer deposition of TiO2, Al2O3, and Ir on filter paper. Despite the aggressive conditions during Ir deposition, the cellulose fibers remain undamaged, which may be attributed to the protecting effect of the thin oxide layer. The Ir/TiO2/cellulose composites show enhanced photocatalytic activities as compared to TiO2/cellulose composites.
NKp30 is a functional activation receptor on a subset of rat natural killer cells
Authors: Hsieh Christine L. , Nagasaki Kazuhito , Martinez Olivia M. , Krams Sheri M.
Published: July 2006

NKp30 is a stimulatory receptor on human NK cells implicated in tumor immunity, and is capable of promoting or terminating dendritic cell maturation. To gain a better understanding of NKp30 biology, we have investigated the expression and function of rat NKp30 (rNKp30). We generated stable transfectants of rNKp30 in RNK16 cells, a rat NK lymphoma line, and used a novel panel of mAb against rNKp30 to study this receptor. Using agonistic rNKp30 mAb, we demonstrated that rNKp30 mediates robust IFN‐γ production and cytolytic responses from rNKp30‐transfected RNK16 cells. We determined by flow cytometry that rNKp30 is expressed by a subset of primary NK cells isolated from the blood and spleen, and to a lesser extent also on liver NK cells. Stimulation of rNKp30 on primary NK cells led to IFN‐γ production. Liver NK cells expressed low levels of NKp30 and had reduced rNKp30‐mediated IFN‐γ responses. During an alloimmune response in vivo, the proportion of the rNKp30+ NK cell subset in the peripheral blood significantly increased, suggesting that rNKp30 may play an important role during alloactivation. Thus, our data demonstrate that NKp30 is indeed expressed in rodents and is a functional stimulatory receptor in a subset of rat NK cells.
Beyond stratigraphic noise: Unraveling the evolution of stratified assemblages in faunalturbated sites
Authors: Morin Eugène
Published: July 2006

This study explores the stratigraphic evolution of archaeological assemblages in faunalturbated sites. These sites are sometimes described as having limited archaeological value because of varying degrees of occupation mixing. It is argued here that the vertical distribution of assemblages is predictable in faunalturbated contexts. Understanding this vertical evolution may lead to a better assessment of the archaeological potential of a cultural sequence.

In faunalturbated soils, the stratigraphic evolution of the assemblages is largely dictated by faunal activity. Tunneling by small animals tend to “sink” cultural remains through the deposits. Although objects sink at a relatively fast pace near the surface, the process slows down as the objects reach the bottom of the biomantle where the sediments are more compact. This process affects the shape of the artifact vertical distribution. The analysis of a multicomponent site from southern Québec is used to model how assemblages may evolve temporally in faunalturbated settings. At Station 3‐avant, the stratigraphic distribution of the cultural remains appears to evolve from an upward‐skewed distribution to a bottom‐skewed distribution through time. This evolution is interpreted to result from the fact that objects are often too large and/or heavy to be moved upward by the pedofauna. In situations in which this stage of stratigraphic evolution is not yet reached, enough information about temporal successions may be retained for the site to be useful for investigating diachronic change. This may prove invaluable in regions in which faunalturbated sequences are common. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Colorectal cancer and genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1: A case‐control study in the Grampian region of Scotland
Authors: Little Julian , Sharp Linda , Masson Lindsey F. , Brockton Nigel T. , Cotton Seonaidh C. , Haites Neva E. , Cassidy Jim
Published: July 2006

Cytochrome P‐450 CYP1A1 is involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are derived from meat intake and tobacco smoking. Expression of the CYP1A1 gene is induced by compounds present in cruciferous vegetables. The glutathione S‐transferases play a central role in the detoxification of carcinogens, including PAHs. We investigated the association between colorectal cancer and three variants (CYP1A1*2A, CYP1A1*2C, CYP1A1*4) of the CYP1A1 gene, and homozygosity for the null deletion of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, and the joint effects of these genotypes and smoking, meat intake and intake of green leafy vegetables in a population‐based study of 264 cases and 408 controls in Northeast Scotland. There was an inverse association with the CYP1A1*4 (m4) variant (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.13–0.70). The OR for the CYP1A1*2C (m2) variant was 1.3 (95% CI 0.59–2.91), which is similar to a combined estimate for previous studies (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.95–1.41). We observed no association with the CYP1A1*2A (m1) variant, or the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. Significant interactions between all 3 CYP1A1 variants and meat intake, and between the m1 and m2 variants and intake of green leafy vegetables, were observed. There was no evidence of interaction between CYP1A1 and smoking, and no evidence of interaction between the GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphisms and smoking, meat intake, green leafy vegetable intake, CYP1A1 variants or each other. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The mechanism of exogenous B7.1‐enhanced IL‐12‐mediated complete regression of tumors by a single electroporation delivery
Authors: Liu Jianguo , Xia Xueqing , Torrero Marina , Barrett Robin , Shillitoe Edward J , Li Shulin
Published: July 2006

Electroporation‐based mono‐gene therapy has received great interest in recent years but coadministration of different therapeutic genes for treatment of tumors has not been well explored. We hypothesize that electroporation is capable of delivering multiple genes that induce an additive or synergistic antitumor effect. To test this hypothesis, we used mice that were bearing SCCVII or TRAMP tumors. Established tumors with a diameter of 4–5 mm were injected with control plasmid DNA or plasmid DNA encoding B7.1, IL‐12 or both via electroporation. Tumor regression, CTL activity and the level of B7.1, IL‐12 and Stat1 expression were determined in both wild‐type mice and in mice with a knock‐out of the Stat1 gene. Remarkably, a single coadministration of the plasmids that encoded IL‐12 and B7.1 eradicated tumors in 80% of mice. The therapeutic effect was associated with high levels of endogenous B7.1 expression, activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes, and activation of Stat1. Both exogenous B7.1 and IL‐12 were required for inducing a high level of Stat1 activation in tumors, which occurred through a mechanism that was independent of the host Stat1. Both stimulators were also required for inducing the strong cytotoxic lymphocyte activity and for increasing the level and extending the duration of endogenous B7.1 expression. We therefore propose a 2‐signal stimulation model to explain the synergistic effect of the coadministration of IL‐12 and B7.1 on the regression of the tumors. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of blood coagulation components as intermediators of high osteoconductivity of electrically polarized hydroxyapatite
Authors: Nakamura Miho , Sekijima Yasutaka , Nakamura Satoshi , Kobayashi Takayuki , Niwa Kazuki , Yamashita Kimihiro
Published: July 2006

The immediate interactions of an implanted hydroxyapatite (HA) surface and blood coagulation components were detected in vivo, and the mechanism of the enhanced osteoconductivity caused by electrical polarization was discussed. Fibrin was presented as being a key protein in the early stages of osteoconduction. Scanning electron microscope observation and immunohistochemical detection indicated that fibrin adsorption is accelerated on negatively charged surfaces (N‐surfaces) and on positively charged surfaces (P‐surfaces) of implanted polarized HA. The acceleration of fibrin adsorption is caused by the ionic and pH changes near the N‐ and P‐surfaces by the attraction of calcium ions. The adsorbed fibrin formed a network scaffold for subsequent cell components, such as platelets and osseous cells. Near the N‐surface, the higher concentration of calcium ions than that on the conventional nonpolarized surface (O‐surface) and P‐surface contributed to the adhesion of the platelets to the fibrin through integrin αIIbβ3 and platelet activation. The activated platelets release a variety of growth factors that stimulate the osseous cells. These continuous reactions from the action of the fibrin adsorption as a trigger induced the early osteoconduction near the N‐surface. The coagulation components played an important role at an early stage of the osteoconductive mechanism. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
The mathematical model of insulin desorption from the bioactive, fibrous artificial store
Authors: Medovic Adela , Skundric Petar , Kostic Mirjana , Pajic‐Lijakovic Ivana
Published: July 2006

The aim of this study was to study insulin desorption from fibrous insulin artificial storein vitroas well asin vivo, with the intention to define a mathematical model that would describe this process. Release profile of cylindrical fibrous matrixes for various insulin concentrations, desorption temperatures, time periods, and pH were presented. Change of insulin concentration in the fibers and the effect of insulin release were discussed. This model was also used to predict the optimal conditions of the release process. Possibility of predicting the effect of the fibrous store design parameters (fibre radius, amount of bonded insulin, fiber type) on the resulting insulin release rate was the major advantage of this mathematical model. Also, taking all the relevant conditions regarding these experiments into consideration, by the application of mathematical model, the diffusion coefficient during insulin release was determined. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Evaluating contrast kinetics by acquiring 2D images during 3D contrast‐enhanced MR angiography
Authors: Al‐Kwifi Osama , Farb Richard , Stainsby Jeffrey , Wright Graham A.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To monitor contrast kinetics by acquiring multiple 2D images during 3D contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE MRA).

Materials and Methods

A 2D real‐time autotriggering tool was integrated into a 3D sequence, enabling it to run multiple times during 3D acquisition. Several dummy scans were applied after each transition to maintain the steady state condition of both sequences. The number of the acquired 2D images and their distribution can be adjusted. Each 2D image was saved along with its associated timing. Contrast signal variations over time were plotted, reflecting selective signal measurement over an artery and vein from the saved 2D images.

Results

Different contrast kinetics timings were calculated from the resulting plot. Contrast arrival time to the internal cerebral artery was 13.2 ± 1.2 seconds and the peak arterial to peak venous (at the confluence of sinuses) enhancement was 6.7 ± 0.6 seconds. The observed timing could be used for 3D sequence optimization; the saved 2D images are useful in detecting and characterizing vascular abnormalities.

Conclusion

Integrating 2D and 3D sequences into one sequence to monitor contrast kinetics through the neurovasculature is feasible without the need for extra injections or reduced spatial resolution. The technique can also be used in different parts of the body to extract useful clinical information. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BACE1 interacts with lipid raft proteins
Authors: Hattori Chinatsu , Asai Masashi , Onishi Hayato , Sasagawa Noboru , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Saido Takaomi C. , Maruyama Kei , Mizutani Shigehiko , Ishiura Shoichi
Published: July 2006

A neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of amyloid plaques in the brain. Amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) is the major constituent of the plaques and is generated by proteolytic cleavages of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β‐ and γ‐secretases. Growing evidence shows that lipid rafts are critically involved in regulating the Aβ generation. In support of this, APP, Aβ, and presenilins have been found in lipid rafts. Although cholesterol plays a crucial role in maintaining lipid rafts, functions of other components in the generation of Aβ are unknown. Caveolins (CAVs) and flotillins (FLOTs) are principal proteins related to lipid rafts and have been suggested to be involved in APP processing. Here, we report that FLOT‐1 binds to BACE1 (beta‐site APP cleaving enzyme 1) and that overexpression of CAV‐1 or FLOT‐1 results in recruiting BACE1 into lipid rafts and influence on β‐secretase activity in cultured cells. Our results show that both CAV‐1 and FLOT‐1 may modulate β‐secretase activity by interacting with BACE1. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Climatic and oceanic associations with daily rainfall extremes over Southern Africa
Authors: Williams C. J. R. , Kniveton D. R. , Layberry R.
Published: July 2006

Changes in climate variability and, in particular, changes in extreme climate events are likely to be of far more significance for environmentally vulnerable regions than changes in the mean state. It is generally accepted that sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) play an important role in modulating rainfall variability. Consequently, SSTs can be prescribed in global and regional climate modelling in order to study the physical mechanisms behind rainfall and its extremes. Using a satellite‐based daily rainfall historical data set, this paper describes the main patterns of rainfall variability over southern Africa, identifies the dates when extreme rainfall occurs within these patterns, and shows the effect of resolution in trying to identify the location and intensity of SST anomalies associated with these extremes in the Atlantic and southwest Indian Ocean. Derived from a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the results also suggest that, for the spatial pattern accounting for the highest amount of variability, extremes extracted at a higher spatial resolution do give a clearer indication regarding the location and intensity of anomalous SST regions. As the amount of variability explained by each spatial pattern defined by the PCA decreases, it would appear that extremes extracted at a lower resolution give a clearer indication of anomalous SST regions. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
Acidified sodium chlorite as an alternative to chlorine to control microbial growth on shredded carrots while maintaining quality
Authors: Ruiz Cruz Saúl , Luo Yaguang , Gonzalez Rolando J , Tao Yang , González Gustavo A
Published: July 2006

Shredded carrots are particularly susceptible to microbial growth and quality deterioration as a result of a large cut surface area to mass ratio. Acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) in the concentration range 500–1200 µL L−1 has been shown to have stronger efficacy against pathogens and spoilage bacteria than chlorine and does not form carcinogenic products. However, ASC in this concentration range aggravates tissue damage. The objective of this study was to optimize ASC treatment parameters to balance antimicrobial activity with quality retention of shredded carrots. Shredded carrots were immersed for either 1 min in 100, 250 or 500 µL L−1 ASC solutions or 2 min in 200 µL L−1 chlorine or water (control). Treated samples were spin‐dried and packaged in polypropylene bags and stored at 5 °C for up to 21 days. Carrots were evaluated at 7‐day intervals for visual appearance, package atmosphere composition (O2 and CO2), product firmness, tissue electrolyte leakage and pH. The microbial growth, including total aerobic bacterial counts, total coliforms/Escherichia coli, yeast and mold counts and lactic acid bacterial counts on the products was also determined. Treatments with all concentrations of ASC reduced the aerobic bacterial counts, coliform/E. coli counts, yeast mold and counts and lactic acid bacterial populations by 1.2–2.0 log cfu g−1 when compared with the water‐washed and unwashed samples. During storage, unwashed samples had a sharp increase in lactic acid bacterial populations accompanied by a sharp decline in pH readings and rapid loss in firmness and tissue integrity; samples washed with 100 µL L−1 ASC maintained the best overall visual quality, accompanied by the retention of tissue integrity and firmness. Therefore, 100 µL L−1 was determined as the optimum concentration of ASC for maintaining overall quality and firmness, inhibiting microbial growth and prolonging the shelf‐life of shredded carrots. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Cattle treading effects on plant growth and soil stability in the mountain grassland of Japan
Authors: Pande T. N. , Yamamoto H.
Published: July 2006

Experiments were conducted in two types of Japanese mountain pastures to quantify the effects of cattle treading on plant growth, and on soil loss with runoff water. Duplicate plots (10 m × 10 m) were trodden with zero, three, or six cows of approximately 300 kg body weight for 15 minutes on moderately‐sloping and steep pastures on 8 July and 27 September, 2003. A similar treatment was repeated on the steep pasture only on 14 June and 30 September 2004. Measurements included herbage growth, tiller density, soil loss in runoff water, hydraulic conductivity, soil hardness and soil surface roughness.

Trampling damage to pasture resulted in a significant decrease in herbage growth, greater soil loss with runoff water, decreased hydraulic conductivity, and increased soil hardness and soil surface runoff. The reduction in the herbage growth rate was mainly due to decreased tiller density. Increased soil loss with runoff water mainly resulted from soil disturbance caused by the animals' hooves. There was a strong negative relationship between tiller density and soil surface roughness. The effect of treading on plants and soils increased with treading intensity. Moderately‐sloping pasture was less seriously affected than steep pastures for soil loss, indicating that steep terrains are more susceptible to treading impacts. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethylene Butyl Acrylate Glycidyl Methacrylate Terpolymer as an Interfacial Agent for Isotactic Poly(propylene)/Wood Flour Composites
Authors: Kaci Mustapha , Cimmino Sossio , Silvestre Clara , Duraccio Donatella , Benhamida Aida , Zaidi Linda
Published: July 2006

Summary: This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation concerning the use of an ethylene butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (EBAGMA) terpolymer as an interfacial agent for isotactic poly(propylene)/wood flour (iPP/WF) composites at various filler ratios (10, 20 and 30 wt.‐%). The effects of the EBAGMA terpolymer on the morphology, tensile properties, impact strength and water uptake of the iPP/WF composites were studied and the results were compared with those obtained with maleated poly(propylene) (MAPP) used as a compatibilizer. Initially, the mixing process was performed in a calendaring unit at 170 °C for pre‐homogenization of the filler in the matrix. Composites made out of these combinations were then ground and injected into a standard mold at 180 °C in the absence and the presence of compatibilizer. The results indicated that both EBAGMA terpolymer and MAPP improved the interactions between iPP and WF, and induced a better dispersion of wood particles in the polymer matrix, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, tensile properties and impact strength were also increased. Another important effect was on the water absorption property, which was significantly lower for the samples with EBAGMA and MAPP. However, EBAGMA terpolymer produced better enhancement of the properties of the iPP/WF composites compared to the compatibilized samples with MAPP.

SEM micrographs of the fracture surface of iPP/WF composites (70/30 wt.‐%): (a) without compatibilizer; (b) with 10 pph EBAGMA; (c) with 10 pph MAPP. Magnification was ×500.

magnified image

SEM micrographs of the fracture surface of iPP/WF composites (70/30 wt.‐%): (a) without compatibilizer; (b) with 10 pph EBAGMA; (c) with 10 pph MAPP. Magnification was ×500.