bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Archetypes and Creative Imagination in ‘Ode to Psyche’: A Jungian Analysis
Authors: Khan Imdad Ullah
Published: April 2021

John Keats’ ‘Ode to Psyche’ is steeped in mythology and dream symbolism, which encourages us to understand it from the perspective of depth psychology/archetypal criticism. The odes of John Keats have been studied from historicist, feminist, and biographical perspectives. This paper aims to complement these perspectives by elaborating the mythical dream imagery of the poem as referring symbolically to the process of psychic integration and poetic creativity. The paper also views the poem as exemplifying the need for a complementary ongoing communication between the conscious and the unconscious aspects of the mind to maintain a holistic psyche. Archetypal theory is used to frame the figurative structure of the poem as a symbolic mythical variant of the process of poetic creativity. The paper employs three theoretical constructs, namely syzygy or complementation of opposites; active imagination; and individuation, as a framework to analyze the poem from an archetypal perspective. Employing a depth psychological perspective to understand poetry enhances the aesthetic pleasure derived from reading poetry and enhances the 'healing effect' of poetry by illuminating the psychological connotations of the poem. The paper concludes by attempting to answer two research questions explored in the analysis. First, does archetypal perspective contribute to enhancing readers' aesthetic pleasure derived from reading poetry? Second, what are the theoretical contributions of the current analysis towards contemporary Jungian literary theory?
Stock return determinants in Indonesia
Authors: Nurhayati Enung , Hamzah Amir , Nugraha Helmi
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of capital structure, company, size, earnings quality on stock returns with stock liquidity as an intervening variable. The method used in this study is descriptive and verification methods. This study uses 17 listed firms in Indonesia Stock Exchange as the sample specifically for the textile and garment industry over the period of 2014 to 2018 and analyzed by path analysis. The results show that capital structure, firm size, and earnings quality have significant and positive effects directly on stock returns and indirectly through stock liquidity. These findings imply that capital structure, firm size, earnings quality, and stock liquidity shall form positive information to investors under condition high trust of investors as the impact of decreasing asymmetric information. Consistent with signaling theory, this study proves that positive information on investors will be formed if there is an increase in investor confidence as a result of reduced information asymmetry.
Síntese de nanopartículas – revisão de literatura
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Almeida Alex-Sandra Farias de , Bentes Jânia Lília da Silva ,   Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Correa Junior Ary ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Published: April 2021

Nanotechnology is the science that involves synthesis and development of nanometer-scale materials (1-100nm). Due to its unique properties, the application of metallic nanoparticles in different areas has become increasingly noticeable. Among metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles are the most widely recognized for their applications in areas such as agriculture, biotechnology, medicine, among others. The use of NPs in agriculture represents an important technological innovation and can be used in the production of nanofertilizers, nanoparticles or pesticides encapsulated in nanoparticles for controlled release.
Comentario a la sentencia de la Corte Suprema, de 17 de julio de 2019, Rol Nº 40.703-2017 (casación en el fondo), “Universidad de Talca con Constructora Marcelo Rivano Ltda. y Constructora Cantera S.A.”
Authors: Sierpe Venegas Catalina , Retamal Constanza
Published: April 2021

En la causa Rol Nº 40.703-2017, la Corte Suprema confirmó la sentencia de la Corte de Apelaciones de Talca, que acogió la excepción de cosa juzgada opuesta por Constructora Marcelo Rivano Ltda., basada en avenimiento firmado por las partes, el año 2007. Por medio de este se otorgó amplio finiquito por obligaciones pendientes, derivadas del contrato de construcción de un edificio de la Universidad de Talca, que sufrió daños por deficiencias en la construcción. Estas quedaron en evidencia a raíz del terremoto del 27 de febrero de 2010, lo que motivó la demanda presentada por la casa de estudios. En la misma sentencia, la Excma. Corte condenó a pagar a Constructora Cantera S.A. una suma de dinero a título de daño emergente en favor de la universidad.
A comparison of the point scale and the group method of measuring mental ability
Authors:   , Breece George Everette
Published: April 2021

Within the past decade great interest has arisen in the measurement of mental ability. As a result a vast deal of literatures has been written upon this subject. Psychologists have suggested and secured norms for many tests, most of which, or perhaps all of which, are based more or less upon the original Binet-Simon tests. However, this study does not propose either to list or review the history of such mental tests. The one problem of interest, and the problem to which we shall adhere strictly, is to discover the correlation which exists between the Group Test of Mental Ability as worked out and tested by W. H. Pyle of the University of Missouri, and the Individual Tests, otherwise known as The Point Scale Tests as worked out and tested by Robert M. Yerkes, James W. Bridges and Rose S. Hardwick, each of the Psychopathic Hospital, Boston. a thorough explanation of each of these two tests is given in Appendices I and II of this study.
Variation in the carbohydrate and diastase contents of the tissues after feeding
Authors:   , Brown Egbert Eugene
Published: April 2021

The literature of carbohydrate hydrolysis dates from 1912 when Kirchoff (1) hydrolized starch to sugar with strong acids. Dubunfraut (2) in 1830 got the same result with an extract of malt. The active principle of malt was precipitated Payen and Persoz (3) in 1833, and again three years later by linter. This opened for investigation the new field of specific organic catalysts. The term enzyme was first applied by Kuhne in connection with yeast fermentation and soon came to be used in reference to all organic catalysts. The specificity of enzymes was soon recognized and proteolytic or protein splitting, lipolytic or fat splitting, amyolytic or carbohydrate splitting, oxidazing or reducing, etc., anzymes were found. In fact, enzymes it was discovered were responsible for a great many of the complex changes, both analytical and synthetical, upon which the catabolic processes of life depend. Wittich (4) in 1873 demonstrated for the first time a substance in the liver which hydrolizes glycogen. His work followed Bernard's (5) discovery of glycogen in 1857, who a little later independently produced similar evidence of glycogenase. Pavy (6) in 1879 corroborated these results of Wittich in 1873, and of Bernard in 1877, extracting the enzyme from the liver and demonstrated its independent function.
Some factors on the innervation of the heart with special reference to the cardiac accelerator mechanism of the heart of the turtle Emydoidea blandingi
Authors:   , Baskett Edgar Drane
Published: April 2021

The first suggestion of an accelerator nervous mechanism for the heart was given by Legallois in 1812. He found in the dog and oat that stimulation of the cord by its sudden destruction produced an increase in the force of the beat. Von Bezold[superscript 2] used a better stimulating and recording apparatus than did Legallois and again raised the question of cardiac nerves other than the vagi. He did not, however discover the pathway of the augmentory impulses from the cord to the heart. Ludwig and Thiry[superscript 3] sharply attacked the work of Von Bezold. They found that after destroying with a gal- vano-cautery all the nerves connecting the heart with the spinal cord and then stimulating the spinal cord electrically, they got the same rise in blood pressure as did Von Bezold and which he ascribed to the action of the augmentary cardiac nerves
On the relative growth of the organs and parts of the embryonic and young dogfish (Mustelis canis)
Authors:   , Kearney Harold Leslie
Published: April 2021

Text from Introduction section of this thesis: In general, but little attention has been paid to the relative growth of the various organs in fishes. Some scattering observations are included. in the work of Welcker and Brandt ('03). The most complete data are those of Kellicott ( '08) on the dogfish. These, however, deal only with the relations from birth onward. A knowledge of the earlier embryonic conditions is very desirable in order to trace more completely the growth process and to give a more extended basis for comparison with higher vertebrates. Therefore the purpose of the present paper is to present and discuss some original observations on the relative growth of the viscera and parts of the embryonic dogfish. Some original data on the postnatal relative growth of the young dogfish are included for comparison with embryonic growth and with postnatal data already in the literature. Also observations on fourteen specimens of Amiurus are included for comparison with the teleost. The relative growth of the dogfish is briefly compared in a general way with the data in the literature on the relative growth of higher vertebrates, especially mammals.
The influence of carbon dioxide and other chemicals on vegetative and reproductive activity of plants
Authors:   , Henry Martin Luther
Published: April 2021

It is generally accepted at the present time that the action of ether upon plants in the early stages of rest, or the resting period, is the nature of an arrest, or complete cessation of growth, and that as a result of this intensified suspension of all activity on the part of the plant, the usual or normal resting period is greatly abridged and the plant is at once thrown into growth when subjected to suitable conditions of temperature, moisture and light. Since deoiduous woody plants are more or less influenced by anesthetics, and probably all plants can be multiplied by cuttings, it was believed that these might also respond to the same chemicals used in breaking or influencing the rest period.
Non-analytic functions of a complex variable
Authors:   , Johnston Leon Sanford
Published: April 2021

Text from page 1: It will be the purpose of this paper to discuss some of the properties of non-analytic functions of a complex variable, and to determine, if possible, some correspondences between the theory of analytic functions and the theory of non-analytic functions, if such a theory as the latter can be said to exist.
The use of desiccated eggs in the home preparation of foods
Authors:   , Lhamon Clara Lois
Published: April 2021

Text from page 25: The problem here to be solved is a most practical one, and upon its satisfactory solution depends the value of the entire investigation. We have attempted to determine the extent to which dried eggs may be substituted for fresh ones, in the preparation of typical foods; and also the attractiveness and palatability of the foods so prepared.
The psychology of individual differences
Authors:   , Bruner Herbert Bascom
Published: April 2021

Text from page 1: "Although the subject of individual differences is comparatively new from the standpoint of experimental treatment, it is a theme which has been pondered over many times in practical life, from the very beginning of time. Whenever men are confronted with the problem of choosing from a great number of individuals one who can accomplish a task most efficiently, the question of individual differences immediately arises. That every man differs from his neighbor is a fact universally recognized. But what means have we at present of determining these differences? The measuring rod commonly applied is "general impression", and this is usually reliable if we have the time to form the proper impression. But it takes time. If the world of business had a few mental tests, a reliable measuring rod of an individual's ability, what a saving of time and trouble it would be."
Poverty and relief among Negroes of St. Louis, Missouri as indicated by the work of the philanthropic agencies of the city
Authors:   , Chivvis Ruth
Published: April 2021

Text from page 2: "This monograph is an attempt to present the poverty situation as found among negroes of St. Louis by the philanthropic agencies of the city; to give an idea of the work done by these agencies to relieve this poverty; and to point out a working plan for the more effective continuance of their labors in the future."
Determination of the variation of the fat, the lipase, the glycogen and the amylase of the liver after feeding and during fasting
Authors:   , Prewitt Proviso V.
Published: April 2021

"In this study the attempt has been made to collect data on the four varying factors in liver composition, - in fat; in lipase, in carbohydrate, and in amylase under conditions of one variant influencing metabolism with the hopes of discovering any interrelation of these factors in body metabolism. The variants chosen for the setting of the series of tests are (1) fasting and (2) feeding." -- Page 32.
An investigation of the economic impact of the Ozark Dairy Management Component on low income dairy farmers
Authors:   , Williamson Handy Jr.
Published: April 2021

"The Ozark Dairy Management Component, initiated April, 1966, had set forth as a major purpose: the improvement of management practices among low income dairy-farmer participants. Accomplishment of the primary and secondary objectives was to have resulted in income levels at least equal to and greater than minimum designated poverty level. Subobjectives as stated in the project proposal, were: 1. To raise income per cow at least $200 over fee costs. 2. To insure enough cows to justify the dairy farmer's time, equipment and investment. 3. To insure enough acreage per cow to furnish a reserve supply of pasture, hay, and other roughage. 4. To assist in securing financing, where needed, whereby the dairy farmer could increase his income by a sufficient amount to pay off borrowed capital, interest, and increase net income. 5.To assist in improving milk quality. 6. To improve and maintain herd health."-Page 2
The vitamin C content of Bloomsdale spinach as affected by home canning and home cooking
Authors:   , Johnson Dorothy Mae
Published: April 2021

"The subject of vitamins has assumed in the past years great prominence. The role which they play in nutrition is today generally recognized. Much of scientific and practical value has been learned regarding them although their chemical nature is still unknown..."-Page 1
Kinematics of cutting process while honing holes with a hone with variable geometry of sticks
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Shcherbyna Kyryl , Hrechka Andrii ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Mazhara Vitalii ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Diachenko Tetiyna ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: April 2021

The article considers the process of kinematics in the formation of the grid of traces taking into account the influence on microrelief of the formed surface. Schemes of interaction of the machined surface with diamond-abrasive sticks, which are positioned at different angles and their influence on the formation of the microrelief of the machined holes have been given. The calculation scheme of positioning diamond-abrasive sticks at different angles is presented. On this basis, mathematical models of density of the formed grid of traces were obtained. The study of the influence of the inclination angle of diamond-abrasive sticks on the formation of the macrorelief of the machined hole is also presented. The influence of transfer of peculiar geometrical deviations of honing heads on the machined surface is defined.
The Researching of Dynamic Electricity Distribution Along with the Renovation of Automobile Details by the Contact Covering Welding
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kuleshkov Yuriy , Rudenko Timofey ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Krasota Mykhailo ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Osin Ruslan ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: April 2021

The goal of completed research is determination of common factors of dynamic electricity distribution in the area of simple welding spot forming due to contact welding-on compact and powdered materials. Due to contact welding-on of compact (rod, belt) and powdered materials there is the dissimilarity of an electric field, which determines the unequal distribution of temperature field in the area of the moulded core creating and influence on the welded on covering quality. By the contact welding-on of compact materials, there is an occurrence of central core zone unheating, which is coming as a result of geometrical, temperature and magnetic-electric factors. During contact welding of metal powders, considering high speed of heating and a small-time of dynamic electricity passage through powder, it is possible to make a conclusion, that the stability of heat generation in a powder surface will be determined by starting electricity resistance value. High-quality plating can be reached if the powder charge will have low and stable electricity resistance in a cross-section and good compactness under the condition of low compress pressure, which is used for welding. (40 ... 70 MPa). Electrical field dissimilarity with contact welding-on powdered materials leads to unequal heating of powdered materials and covering defects, which is taking place due to the features of powder compression. As a result of current lines concoction in the central area is observed at a local temperature increase. Besides, interstices are dielectrical phase and increase electrical resistance in the peripheral areas. To increase the quality of coverings, got by contact welding-on is able due to providing high-quality powder material compression on the whole covering cut.
Influence of Composition of Charge Materials of Flux-cored Wires on Mechanical Characteristics and Corrosion Resistance of Electric Arc Coatings
Authors:   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Student Mykhajlo , Golovchuk Myroslav ,   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Hvozdetskii Volodymyr ,   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Veselivska Halyna ,   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Markovych Sergiy ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Yatsyuk Rostyslav ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: April 2021

The influence of charge materials of flux-cored wires on their mechanical characteristics, chemical microheterogeneity and corrosion resistance in an aqueous solution of 3% NaCl was established. It is shown that, in contrast to coatings made of solid wires, coatings sprayed using flux-cored wires (PO) have a high chemical heterogeneity. This is due to the fact that the droplets that disperse from the PD melt and form a coating have different chemical compositions. This is caused by incomplete fusion of the charge and steel shell at the ends of the PD during electric arc spraying of coatings. To reduce the chemical micro-heterogeneity, it is proposed to add powders of ferroalloys FeSi, FeMn and self-flux PG-10H-01 to the charge of powder wire containing chromium, boron, carbon-containing components (Cr, FH, PG-100, B4C, FCB) between the components of the charge, homogenize the melt of PD and, as a consequence, reduce the microheterogeneity of the coatings. The presence of chromium, ferrochrome, ferro-silicon and ferromanganese in the charge of PD 90Х17РГС and PD 75Х19Р3ГС2 determines the minimum chemical microheterogeneity of coatings from these wires and, as a result, ensures their high corrosion resistance, which is close to corrosion steel18. To increase the completeness of fusion of the components of the PD charge between itself and its steel shell, it is proposed to add to the PD charge powders of ferroalloys Fe-Mn, Fe-Si, which have a low melting point, able to interact with refractory components of the charge to form low-temperature eutectics. The addition of ferro-silicon, ferromanganese and self-flux alloy PN-10H-01 powders based on ferrochrobor and ferrochrome provided high hardness of electric arc coatings, low heterogeneity in terms of chromium content in coating lamellae and, as a consequence, high corrosion resistance.
Divertículo de Meckel sintomático en pediatría
Authors: Urrutia Soto Hugo , Donoso Carrasco Carolina , Carvajal Flores Oscar
Published: April 2021

El divertículo de Meckel (DM) corresponde al remanente del conducto vitelino (CV) u onfalomesentérico. Se considera como la malformación gastrointestinal más frecuente. La mayoría de los casos son asintomáticos y el diagnóstico de su forma sintomática siempre es un desafío.Objetivo: Describir 3 formas de presentación de DM sintomático, discutir sus síntomas, signos y posibles herramientas diagnóstico-terapéuticas.Casos Clinicos: Caso 1: paciente de 6 meses de edad con síndrome obstructivo intestinal. En laparotomía exploradora se identificó DM con banda meso diverticular conformando hernia interna. Caso 2: paciente de 3 años de edad con hemorragia digestiva con anemia severa requiriendo transfusión. Se realizó endoscopia digestiva alta que no identificó sitio de sangrado. Evolucionó con melena requiriendo nueva transfusión. Se efectuó angiotomografía abdomen/pelvis que mostró imagen sospechosa de DM confirmándose en laparotomía. Caso 3: recién nacido con diagnóstico prenatal de anencefalia y onfalocele. En atención inmediata se observó salida de meconio por defecto umbilical. Se manejó como onfalocele roto instalándose silo. En cierre primario se confirmó persistencia de CV permeable. En los 3 casos se realizó resección intestinal en bloque y anastomosis. El último evolucionó con dehiscencia de anastomosis confeccionándose ileostomía terminal.Conclusión: El DM, frecuentemente asintomático, a menudo no es considerado como diagnóstico diferencial de emergencias abdominales en niños. Se ha de realizar un proceso diagnóstico siendo la cintigrafía con pertecnetato de Tc-99m la elección ante la sospecha de DM con mucosa ectópica gástrica, contextualizando cada caso.
Il contributo straordinario per le trasformazioni urbane, l'imposta di scopo e il bilancio partecipativo: tre strumenti per il finanziamento della città pubblica
Authors: Ferri Vittorio
Published: April 2021

La costruzione della città pubblica richiede il finanziamento di politiche, progetti urbani e opere pubbliche. L'obiettivo principale di questo contributo è di richiamare l'attenzione su tre strumenti poco utilizzati dai comuni italiani per finanziare gli investimenti: il contributo straordinario per le trasformazioni urbane, l'imposta di scopo e il bilancio partecipativo. Questi strumenti sono importanti per aumentare e migliorare il finanziamento della città pubblica.
La politica monetaria: il modello ibrido dell'UEM
Authors: Guazzarotti Andrea
Published: April 2021

L'articolo affronta, in una prospettiva di diritto costituzionale, il tema delle nuove forme di intervento diretto dello Stato nell'economia con finalità di politica industriale. In una prima parte, si ritorna agli albori del processo di privatizzazione delle partecipazioni societarie dello Stato. Una seconda parte è dedicata all'analisi di un fondamentale strumento di intervento proiettivo dello Stato nell'attività economica pubblica, qual è la Cas-sa depositi e prestiti S.p.A. Una terza parte, infine, tratta uno strumento cruciale di intervento protettivo dello Stato nei confronti dell'attività economica pubblica e privata, dato dai poteri speciali, che tendono anche ad assumere, oggi, una spiccata finalità di politica industriale
Efficienza economica, libertà e tutela dai poteri privati: a cosa serve il principio di libera concorrenza?
Authors: Repetto Giorgio
Published: April 2021

Il crescente rilievo dei postulati dell'economia del benessere ha indotto, nell'ultimo mez-zo secolo, una trasformazione nelle finalità delle normative antimonopolistiche, dalla salvaguardia della libertà di contrarre al perseguimento dell'efficienza economica. Questa evoluzione ha influenzato la disciplina europea della concorrenza, che oggi tuttavia vede riespandersi una sua connotazione mutipurpose, in quanto rivolta al perseguimento di fina-lità ulteriori. Ciò induce a considerare con maggiore cautela le continuità e le dissonanze con l'ordinamento italiano, per il quale la concorrenza può essere ricondotta tanto a finalità di utilità sociale quanto alla necessità di tutela della libertà rispetto ai poteri privati.
La storia di Maria, il "maschio sbagliato" L'odio è una coperta che nasconde il senso delle cose
Authors: Vietri Agostino , Buccino Alessia
Published: April 2021

Il caso clinico si basa sull'integrazione degli interventi psicoterapeutici individuale e familiare. La vicenda personale e clinica di Maria sottolinea l'importanza di accogliere ed amplificare le emozioni ridondanti per poi ricostruirne la rete occulta di significati. Per accedervi abbiamo avuto bisogno della famiglia. Il percorso attraverso i miti ed i mandati familiari ha permesso di poterli riconoscere, esplicitare ed infine ricontrattare, creando uno spazio nuovo di libertà. È stato possibile decifrare il mandato assegnato a ogni membro della famiglia e introdurvi elementi di cambiamento. La psicoterapia familiare, attraverso la realizzazione di immagini metaforiche e di strumenti di rinarrazione, ha permesso a Maria per la prima volta di visualizzare un futuro che le consentisse di essere libera, superando l'odio e contemporaneamente preservando il legame con la sua famiglia. La psicoterapia individuale ha sostenuto queste trasformazioni che, senza uno spazio familiare condiviso, avrebbero fatto attrito con potenti e profonde istanze di cui sarebbe stato difficile liberarsi senza dolore.
Educazione degli adulti e innovazione sociale. Il contributo delle professioni educative e formative alla costruzione di un'Europa resiliente
Authors: Galeotti Glenda
Published: April 2021

L'articolo propone una riflessione su quanto l'educazione degli adulti può offrire per rispondere al bisogno di innovazione che attraversa la nostra società. In un contesto segnato da una crisi sanitaria che sta acuendo l'inadeguatezza di assetti organizzativi e sociali tradizionali, l'idea di innovazione sociale coincide con quella di "trasformazione", intesa come mutamento di prospettiva e pilastro sul quale costruire e modellare il futuro per mezzo di una più proficua "connessione" fra cittadini, ricercatori, imprese, governi. Considerare l'educazione degli adulti un fattore che abilita i diversi tipi di innovazione - tecnologica, organizzativa o socioculturale - significa adottare una prospettiva human-centred che orienta riproduzione, modifica e creazione delle condizioni strutturali e socioculturali, grazie a processi inclusivi e collaborativi e a rinnovate capacità di pensiero di azione.
Il cavallo da domare: esperienza di un gruppo in carcere
Authors: Piperno Rachele , Truisi Emanuele , Ghezzi Rita , Mazza Umberto
Published: April 2021

Questo articolo descrive l'esperienza di gruppo a termine, svolta all'interno della Casa Circondariale di Monza, rivolta a detenuti in carico all'equipe di Salute Menta-le e ai servizi per le dipendenze con un "fine pena" relativamente breve (otto-dodici mesi) con l'obiettivo di sostenere i partecipanti al gruppo nella difficile fase di scar-cerazione e del ritorno alla vita fuori dall'Istituto. L'articolo evidenzia gli aspetti che hanno favorito la circolarità delle narrazioni e delle riflessioni su di sé da parte dei partecipanti e i limiti che si sono riscontrati.
Alcmaeon's Empirical Side: Unpublished Notes from the Vlastos-­Nachlass
Authors: Vassallo Christian
Published: April 2021

In Folder n. 7, Container 49 of the Vlastos-Nachlass (Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin), an as-yet unpublished series of notes by Gregory Vlastos on Alcmaeon and his empirical method are preserved across two fascicles. After briefly contextualizing Vlastos' remarks within the history of scholarship on Alcmaeon, this paper provides the first annotated reconstruction of the manuscript's extant portion.
Leopold Kohr theorist of economic decentralisation
Authors: Solari Stefano
Published: April 2021

The work of Leopold Kohr has attracted attention from social scientists in the field of international political studies, but few political economists have studied his theoretical argument in detail. Few students have tried to unite economic and polit-ical arguments to understand his contribution in a more analytical way. We will argue that Kohr's principal theory (diseconomies of scale) was inherently econom-ic, an attempt to elaborate on the concept of scale in a broader perspective and in a more complex way, including the idea of quality and, in particular, power rela-tions. In this paper, we try to make sense of Kohr's idea of decentralisation by studying his contributions from a political economy perspective. Moreover, con-clusions will be drawn that relate Kohr's view to present-day governance problems in the European Monetary Union, in which actual governance reflects all dangers that this scholar feared.
Turgot, the Fondations and the questionv of social needs
Authors: Manzalini Fiorenza
Published: April 2021

This paper focuses on the entry Fondation, compiled by Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot and published in 1757 in the Encyclopédie. Turgot analyzes the phenome-non of fondations from the socio-economic point of view. In order to assess whether these ancient institutions were suitable for a society moving towards modernity, he uses public utility as the sole criterion of assessment. According to Turgot, the fondations were an obstacle to free enterprise and free market, as on the one hand they accumulated and immobilized capital by subtracting it from productive and profitable investments and, on the other hand, they provided assis-tance and charity without adequate labour promotion by encouraging idleness. Also for these reasons Turgot is in favour of the suppression of these ancient institutions and he prefers the figure of the individual, active and responsible, or free associations of individuals. However, Turgot's attack on fondations seems only one aspect of his broader criticism of all the institutions that were supporting the ancient social order.
ПРІОРІТЕТНІСТЬ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ІМПОРТУ
Authors: Дерманська Л.В.
Published: April 2021

У статті розглянуто пріоритетність зовнішньоекономічної діяльності України в напрямі імпорту. Здійснений аналіз дає змогу виявити основні тенденції, що відбуваються на світових ринках, визначити ступінь інтегрованості держави у світове господарство, ефективність експортно-імпортної політики держави. Особливу увагу приділено аналітиці основних показників, що характеризують динаміку зовнішньоекономічної діяльності в контексті імпорту, а саме: обсяги експорту/імпорту товарів та послуг в Україні; кількість учасників зовнішньоекономічної діяльності, що займалися імпортом товарів; обсяги експорту та імпорту основних видів продукції; основні торговельні партнери України щодо імпорту товарів. Розкрито проблеми, чинники, які впливають на наявні тенденції зовнішньоекономічної діяльності в контексті імпорту за останні декілька років, та сформовано нові виклики для забезпечення конкурентоспроможності України на ринку міжнародної торгівлі.
Results of the inclusion of osteopathic correction in the complex therapy of patients with chronic gastritis
Authors: Fazlyakhmetov R. T. , Saﬁullin R. R. , Ustinov A. V.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Many key questions regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of chronic gastritis remain open. So, despite the success of chronic gastritis pharmacotherapy, much attention is paid to non-drug methods of therapy, in particular, osteopathy. However, evidences of the osteopathic methods effectiveness for the chronic gastritis treatment, obtained by objective instrumental methods, are insufﬁciently presented in the modern literature.The goal of research — to study the results of osteopathic correction inclusion in the complex therapy of patients with chronic gastritis.Materials and methods. The study involved 50 patients with chronic gastritis, divided by simple randomization into a control group (25 people) and a main group (25 people). The participants in the control group received standard eradication therapy according to a three-component scheme. The participants of the main group additionally received osteopathic correction. In both groups, at the beginning and at the end of the study, there were performed ﬁbroesophagogastroduodenoscopy with targeted biopsy to assess the gastric mucosa state, Helicobacter pylori identiﬁcation, and intragastric pH-metry to assess gastric juice acidity.Results. According to the study results, a statistically signiﬁcant (p<0,05) decrease in edema and hyperemia of gastric mucosa was found in the control and main groups. There was a statistically signiﬁcant (p<0,001) decrease in gastric aciditywith osteopathic accompaniment, compared with unaccompanied drug treatment. In both groups, there was a statistically signiﬁcant (p<0,05) decrease in the incidence of Helicobacter pylori carriage. Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, it can be assumed that an integrated approach using osteopathic correction in the treatment of chronic gastritis may be more effective than the standard course of treatment.
Dinámicas asociativas del tejido empresarial en Cartagena de Indias (1860-1960).
Authors: Del Río Cortina Abel , Elías Caro Jorge
Published: April 2021

En este documento, se considera a la familia Del Castillo como líder al interior de la red de empresarios conformada en Cartagena de Indias en el período de 1860-1960. La metodología utilizada para mostrar la red empresarial es análisis de redes sociales-ARS. Esta metodología, permitió evidenciar las dinámicas asociativas que originaron la construcción conjunta de flujos relacionales de recursos, bajo esquemas de amistad y de contacto familiar. Entre los resultados de la investigación, se muestra la importancia de la visualización de la conducta de los individuos a nivel micro, los patrones de relaciones enmarcados en la estructura de la red a nivel macro, y las interacciones entre los dos niveles, evidenciando, a su vez, las estructuras sociales que subyacen en los flujos relacionales, en los movimientos de recursos, y en las confluencias de poder, desde la perspectiva de las diferentes posiciones que surgen entre los actores de una red empresarial en contextos sociales específicos.
Аутфітосозологічна характеристика піщаних терас долинного комплексу Дніпро-Карань (Середнє Придніпров’я)
Authors: СОЛОМАХА ІГОР ВОЛОДИМИРОВИЧ , ШЕВЧИК ВАСИЛЬ ЛЕОНОВИЧ , БЕЗСМЕРТНА ОЛЕСЯ ОЛЕКСІЇВНА , БОНДАР ІРИНА ВОЛОДИМИРІВНА
Published: April 2021

Виконано дослідження стану збереженості раритетної компоненти флори ділянки на лівому березі середньої течії Дніпра площею 19036,5 га, що є об’єктом Смарагдової мережі UA0000337 «Дівички» та пропонується до створення в цих межах національного природного парку. Рослинність представлена лучно-болотними, лісо-чагарниково-болотними та лісовими угрупованнями. У ландшафтно-генетичному відношенні панівними є чотири типи місцевостей: мілководні акваторії давньостаричних озерець та прибережні мілководдя із водною та прибережно-водною рослинністю; підтоплені сегменти притерасних та западинних знижень борової тераси із комплексом чагарниково-лісо-лучно-болотної рослинності; знижених рівнинних та слабопогорбованих сегментів борової тераси із середньобагатими свіжими дерново-підзолистими ґрунтами із суборами та дібровами; сегменти піднять еолового походження із сухими слабосформованими ґрунтами та пісками із сухими борами, сосновими рідколіссями та псамофільними пустошами. Станом на сьогодні, на даному етапі дослідження флори території долинного комплексу піщаних терас Дніпро-Карань можна стверджувати про зростання тут 6 видів-созофітів міжнародного, 13 загальнодержавного та 7 регіонального значення. Із числа охоронюваних видів загальноєвропейського значення виявлені популяції 6 видів: Iris hungarica, Jurinea cyanoides, Ostericum palustre, Salvinia natans, Liparis loeselii, Trapa natans (три останні занесені також до Червоної книги України). Окрім цього, на вказаній території зареєстровано популяції ще 10 видів судинних рослин із Червоної книги України, а саме: Dactylorhiza incarnata, Daphne cneorum, Epipactis helleborine, E. palustris, Lycopodiella inundata, Lilium martagon, Neottia nidus-avis, Platanthera bifolia, Pulsatilla pratensis та Stipa borysthenica. Популяції 14 видів-созофітів представлені багатьма локалітетами із високою чисельністю особин та хорошими показниками репродуктивного процесу; 6 видів мають слабку представленість через незначну кількість самих локалітетів та низьку чисельність особин в популяціях; для популяцій 3 созофітів (Liparis loeselii, Lycopodiella inundata, Dryopteris cristata) існує небезпека зникнення у зв’язку із тим, що виявлені лише поодинокі локалітети із незначною чисельністю особин. Зважаючи на сучасний стан та розташування ландшафтного комплексу даної території є досить ймовірним зростання тут ще цілої низки видів-созофітів, що робить актуальним подальше її дослідження.
Kırgızistan’da Devlet Borçları ve Borç Yönetimi
Authors: ZHUMAKUNOVA Tolkun , ABDİYEVA Raziyahan
Published: April 2021

Kamu borçları çoğu geçiş ekonomili ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yapısal sorunlar ve ekonomik büyüme çabaları nedeniyle son 40 sene içerisinde ciddi bir birikime ulaşmıştır. Bu durum borç yönetiminin etkinliğinin arttırılmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Günümüzde kamu borçları çoğu geçiş ekonomili ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin güncel sorunlarındandır. Kırgızistan’da kamu borçları bağımsızlığını kazandığı 1991 yılından itibaren ciddi kriz ve yapılması gereken ekonomik reformlar dolayısıyla artmıştır. Ülkede yaşanan ekonomik ve siyasi şoklar da devlet borçların yükselmesine neden olmuştur. Kamu borçlarının GSYİH’ya oranı 2008’e kadar düşüş eğiliminde iken, 2008’den sonra yükselerek 2018 yılında %56 olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Kırgızistan’da kamu borçlarının yönetiminin etkinliği incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizin sonucunda ülkede iç borçların yönetiminde faizlerin yüksek olmasından dolayı borç servisi pahalı olduğu, dış borçların yönetiminde ise kullanımı ile ilgili bilgilerin yeterli derecede saydam olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Okullarda Sürdürülebilir Liderlik Ölçeği’nin (OSLÖ) Geliştirilmesi
Authors: DAĞDEVİREN ERTAŞ Behiye , ÖZDEMİR Murat
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, okul müdürlerinin sürdürülebilir liderlik davranışlarını öğretmen görüşlerine dayalı olarak saptamaya elverişli bir ölçek geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda sürdürülebilir liderliği açıklayabilecek olan maddeler alanyazına bağlı olarak oluşturularak alan uzmanları tarafından değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme neticesinde 26 maddeden oluşan ölçek ön uygulamada Yozgat ilinde 183 öğretmene uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerliliğinin incelenmesi amacıyla Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) yapılmıştır. AFA ile “Okullarda Sürdürülebilir Liderlik Ölçeği’nin” (OSLÖ) dört faktörlü bir yapıda olduğu belirlenmiştir. OSLÖ, varyansın % 82’sini açıklamıştır. Araştırmanın ikinci aşamasında OSLÖ’nün faktör yapısı 385 öğretmenden toplanan verilerle ile DFA yapılmıştır. DFA ile ölçeğin uyum iyiliği değerlerinin “mükemmel” uyuma işaret ettiğini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca ölçeğin madde ayırt ediciliğinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Cronbah Alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı ise yüksek güvenilirliği ifade etmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, OSLÖ’nün okul müdürlerinin sürdürülebilir liderlik davranışlarını öğretmenlerin algısına dayalı olarak ortaya koymaya yarayacak geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Sürdürülebilir liderlik, Ölçek, Geçerlik, Güvenirlik
Epidemiological Characteristics of Clubfoot Patients in Selected Hospitals of Dhaka City
Authors: Haque Muhammmad Ariful , Amin Md Nurul , Islam Shitil Ibna , Shanta Shaila Sharmeen
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives: Congenital clubfoot or talipes equinovarus is the most common birth defect of the musculoskeletal system affecting 1 in every 1000 live births each year. To date, no epidemiological studies have been conducted in Bangladesh to assess the risk factors associated with this deformity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specific demographic and socioeconomic factors that may increase the risk of an infant being born with clubfoot as well as to see the outcome of management of clubfoot.

Materials and methods: The present prospective study was conducted on secondary data derived from the Project "Walk for Life (WFL)" started in Bangladesh in 2009 and gradually expanded to 35 Clinics. The present study data were collected from 5 of those clinics namely NITOR, DMCH, BSMMU, ICMH and CRP. All recruited cases underwent Ponseti casting. Demographic data, Pirani scores, cast and need for tenotomy were reviewed for 338 patients registered in the above 5 clinics during the period 2012. The outcome was evaluated with help of difference between the Pirani scores before and after intervention.

Result: In the present study about half (48.5%) of the children presented at 1 or < 1 month of age with median age of the children being 2 months and a wider age-range from 1 month to 42 months. A male preponderance (72%) was observed in the series. Children with clubfoot were predominantly belonged to poor family (mostly labour or unemployed, lives in tin-shaded house, with monthly income below Taka 10000). About half (48.2%) of the parents/guardians were informed about the place of clubfoot treatment (NITOR, DMCH, BSMMU, ICMH and CRP) from their primary physicians, 23.7% from the parents of the children who previously got treatment from the centers and only 16% from publicity. In terms of treatment provided, more than three-quarters were given 4 - 6 casts and in 80% cases tenotomy was needed. Majority of the children (9.5%) before intervention exhibited a Pirani score from 3.1 - 6.0 which after a mean period 5 weeks of intervention was reduced to 0.5 - 1.0 (the targeted Pirani score) in almost all cases. Only 2 children were referred. The rest 336 were continuing their treatment and as such the final comment was left pending.

Conclusion: Children presented with clubfoot in tertiary level hospitals of Bangladesh are mostly male, belonged to poor family. Half of the children are bilaterally affected and attend in the treatment centers within one month of birth. The primary physicians are the prime source of information about the treatment centers. Mass media are less involved in giving the issue a wide coverage. Majority of the children responded well to 4 - 6 casts and required tenotomy.

Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2014; 4(2): 16-20
Development of prototype machine brake and car safety gear testers for traction lift systems
Authors: So Albert T P , Lam K H , Kong Andy C T , Tse Jeff H
Published: April 2021

Machine brakes and safety gears of traction lifts are two critical components of the biggest safety concerns, as the main braking system and redundant fail-safe mechanism respectively stop and hold lift cars from unintended car movement, overspeed or under a free-fall condition during emergency. There are challenges of routine maintenance on how to continually verify the effectiveness of them to mitigate risk potentials of equipment failure. This pilot study intends to design, implement and test low-cost, non-intrusive and on-line prototype testers with the aid of sensors for real-time monitoring of critical parameters of these safety devices. Critical parameters that are measurable include real-time variations of brake lining temperature, brake solenoid current, vibrational patterns of brake arms and lift car, position of lift car, and the actuating status of safety gears. Critical parameters after processing include a newly defined energy of brake arm operation and estimated deceleration rate of a fully loaded car by safety gears operation on an unloaded car. Early signs of abnormalities of these two safety devices can be detected before they fail. Additionally, the prototype testers can facilitate more frequent unloaded full-speed testing of safety gears to verify the effectiveness. The proof-of-concept prototype could be a quick monitoring alternative to existing and new traction lift systems.
Monitoramento de artigos sobre a utilização de nanocompósitos com matriz de poliuretano aplicados à engenharia de tecidos para o reparo ósseo
Authors: Silva Hitalo de Jesus Bezerra da , Trindade Jairo dos Santos , Silva Filho Domingos Rodrigues da , Sá Marcel Leiner de , Silva Humberto Denys de Almeida , Oliveira Raiany Sena de , Matos José Milton Elias de
Published: April 2021

Nanocompósitos com matriz de poliuretano são materiais com propriedades interessantes para a Engenharia de tecidos, podendo ser usados na fabricação de arcabouço para regeneração óssea. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a evolução das publicações cientificas relacionadas a nanocompósitos com matriz de poliuretano aplicados à regeneração do tecido ósseo. Realizou-se buscas nas bases de periódicos Web of Science e Scopus, fazendo uso de uma combinação de palavras-chave, e os resultados reportados foram tabulados e analisados. Verificou-se que os primeiros documentos datam de 2009. A China detém o maior número de publicações, seguido pela Malásia e Vietnã. As principais áreas de pesquisa são Engenharia, Ciência dos materiais e Engenharia química. Percebeu-se uma valorização crescente da temática, com aumento na produção e impacto dessas publicações. Pode-se considerar que a questão levantada possui grande relevância por ser um campo de estudos promissor que promete trazer importantes avanços à engenharia de tecidos ósseos.
Seasonal variation of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in a threatened anuran species from Uruguay
Authors: Retuci Pontes M , Bardier C , Medina D , Pereira G , Lambertini C , Toledo LF
Published: April 2021

Chytridiomycosis, an emergent infectious disease caused by the fungusBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd), is considered one of the drivers of the current amphibian biodiversity loss. To inform endangered species conservation efforts, it is essential to improve our knowledge about the abiotic and biotic factors that influenceBdinfection dynamics in the wild. Here, we analyzed variation ofBdinfection in the redbelly toadMelanophryniscus montevidensis, a threatened bufonid from Uruguay. We tested the influence of temperature, precipitation, season, and host population size onBdprevalence and intensity. Additionally, considering the sub-lethal effectsofBd, we tested if these variables, potentially through their effect onBd, also explain the variation in host body condition. We determined a highBdprevalence of 41% (100/241), and that population size influenced bothBdprevalence and infection intensity. We identified an effect of precipitation and season onBdinfection intensity and an effect of season on toad body condition. In addition, we found a negative effect of infection intensity on body condition; moreover, while some toads cleared the infection, their body condition did not improve, suggesting a long-term cost. This is the first report on host population size as an important factor inBdinfection dynamics in a threatened anuran species, and seasonal demographic changes appear to play an important role in the dynamics. Finally, we highlight the need for monitoringBdin this and other endangered amphibian populations, especially those within the genusMelanophryniscus, which includes several Endangered and Data Deficient species in South America.