bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supply Chain Contracts in the Small Data Regime
Authors: Zhao Xuejun , Haskell William B. , Yu Guodong
Published: February 2024

Problem definition: We study supply chain contract design under uncertainty. In this problem, the retailer has full information about the demand distribution, whereas the supplier only has partial information drawn from historical demand realizations and contract terms. The supplier wants to optimize the contract terms, but she only has limited data on the true demand distribution. Methodology/results: We show that the classical approach for contract design is fragile in the small data regime by identifying cases where it incurs a large loss. We then show how to combine the historical demand and retailer data to improve the supplier’s contract design. On top of this, we propose a robust contract design model where the uncertainty set requires little prior knowledge from the supplier. We show how to optimize the supplier’s worst-case profit based on this uncertainty set. In the single-product case, the worst-case profit can be found with bisection search. In the multiproduct case, the worst-case profit can be found with a cutting plane algorithm. Managerial implications: Our framework demonstrates the importance of combining the demand and retailer information into the supplier’s contract design problem. We also demonstrate the advantage of our robust model by comparing it against classical data-driven approaches. This comparison sheds light on the value of information from interactions between agents in a game-theoretic setting and suggests that such information should be utilized in data-driven decision making.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0325 .
Algebras of generalized tree languages with fixed variables
Authors:   Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Phuapong Sarawut , Chansuriya Nagornchat ,   King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (Rayong Campus), Kumduang Thodsaporn ,   Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin
Published: February 2024

Tree languages which are sets of terms always play a prominent role in the first-order languages and theoretical computer science. In this paper, tree languages induced by terms with fixed variables are considered. Under the applications of an operation on tree languages, we construct the algebra of such languages having many properties of abstract clones. A strong connection with theory of general functions is given through a representation theorem. Additionally, the semigroup of mappings of which their images are tree languages with fixed variables is given.
A guide to glandular fever
Authors: Noakes Amy
Published: February 2024

Amy Noakes looks at the symptoms and treatment of infectious mononucleosis, also known as glandular fever
Testing a Soil Moisture Sensor Based Irrigation Controller in both Laboratory and Field Conditions for Fargo Silty Clay Soils
Authors: Vaddevolu Uday Bhanu Prakash , Jia Xinhua
Published: February 2024

Highlights

A soil matric potential sensor-based irrigation system was tested in lab and field experiments.

Soil matric potential and soil moisture levels for each threshold were determined for Fargo silty clay soil through lab experiment.

Thresholds 5, 6, 7, and 8 at -35, -45, -55, and -70 kPa were tested through the field experiment for watermelon production.

Abstract. Irrigation scheduling plays a pivotal role in water management. Conventional irrigation methods often struggle to maintain consistent moisture across fields due to uniform water application irrespective of field conditions and soil moisture levels. Automatic soil moisture sensors offer a solution by tailoring irrigation based on field conditions. These systems trigger irrigation when soil is too dry or skip it when moisture levels are sufficient. Hence, setting the right threshold value is key for sensor-based irrigation. This study involved laboratory testing of an irrigation controller, and determining soil matric potential and volumetric water content at various thresholds (1 to 9) for Fargo Silty Clay soil. Subsequently, a field experiment assessed its performance for a drip irrigation system at different thresholds (5, 6, 7, and 8) for watermelon cultivation, both with and without clear plastic mulch, in a randomized layout. Thresholds 5, 6, 7, and 8 (-35, -45, -55, and -70 kPa), along with no irrigation, were considered with one irrigation event daily. Results from laboratory and field tests underscore the controller’s efficacy in managing drip irrigation timing and duration. Notably, threshold 7 (-55 kPa) combined with clear plastic mulch emerged as the most optimal treatment, yielding the highest watermelon production of 129.6 tons/ha. Moreover, this approach delivered premium produce quality, but utilizing only 142.2 mm of irrigation water. This study emphasizes the role of precise irrigation scheduling. By integrating smart technology and thoughtful threshold setting, agricultural practices can be elevated, yielding abundant crops while conserving water and promoting sustainability. Keywords: Controller, Drip irrigation, Mulch, Sensor, Watermelon.
A Classification Method for Maize Leaf Disease Based on SimCLR and Triplet Attention
Authors: Ma Xiao , Dong TianLiang , Ye Guan shi , Tang You , Wu Qinghai
Published: February 2024

Highlights

Improving the robustness of maize leaf disease classification models in complex environments using multiple data enhancement methods.

Fusing ResNet50 with the triplet attention mechanism to improve feature extraction.

Reducing the use of labeled data to some extent by using SimCLR.

The classification accuracy of four different leaf types was 91.87%, which was higher than other compared models.

Abstract. Deep learning methods for classifying maize leaf diseases often need a lot of labeled data for training during the model training phase, but labeling data is sometimes difficult and expensive. In addition, complicated environmental circumstances can readily impede the recognition effect. In order to solve this issue, SimCLR and the triplet attention mechanism were coupled to create a system for classifying maize leaf diseases. Firstly, to increase the robustness of the model, several data enhancement techniques were used to imitate the interference of complex components in the natural environment. Secondly, the use of labeled data was minimized by learning the similarity between related categories using a self-supervised SimCLR framework. The feature extraction network simultaneously employed a triplet attention mechanism to enhance the model’s ability to extract information about the interactions between space and channel, improve attention to discriminative features, and lessen interference from complex factors. In order to verify the effects of incorporating SimCLR and triplet attention mechanisms, this work used three different types of maize leaf diseases and healthy leaves as experimental objects. The final enhanced model was compared and analyzed with seven widely used image classification models. The experimental results demonstrated that the maize leaf disease classification model suggested in this article effectively enhanced the classification performance of maize leaf diseases containing complex factors of interference with the test set, with the network model proposed in this article having an average classification accuracy of 91.87%, better than the seven comparative models and requiring no additional labeled data during the training process. Keywords: Image classification, Maize leaf disease, Self-supervised learning, SimCLR, Triplet attention module.
Evaluation of Canopy Temperature Based Crop Water Stress Index for Deficit Irrigation Management of Sugar Beet in Semi-Arid Climate
Authors: King Bradley A. , Tarkalson David Dale , Bjorneberg David
Published: February 2024

Highlights

Sugar beet irrigation scheduling was based on daily average crop water stress index between 13:00 and 16:00 hours.

Three crop water stress index thresholds, 0.2, 0.35, and 0.55, were evaluated for irrigation scheduling.

Season evapotranspiration decreased and soil water extraction increased as crop water stress threshold increased.

There was no significant difference in root or sucrose yield between full irrigation and 0.2 crop water stress index, while seasonal irrigation depths were reduced from133 to 185 mm.

Abstract. Sugar beet is an economically important crop in the semi-arid Intermountain Western U.S., with seasonal water use ranging from 500 to 900 mm. Sugar beet is a deep-rooted crop (1.5-2 m) in unrestricted soil profiles that can utilize stored soil water to reduce seasonal irrigation requirements. Effective use of stored soil water below 0.6 m requires precise irrigation scheduling and knowledge of soil water availability below 0.6 m, which is usually unknown due to the labor and expense of soil water monitoring at deeper depths and uncertainty in effective rooting depth and soil water holding capacity. Deficit irrigation (DI) management of sugar beet using a thermal-based crop water stress index (CWSI) has the potential to overcome soil water monitoring limitations and facilitate the utilization of stored soil water to reduce seasonal irrigation requirements. The objective of the research summarized in this paper was to implement and evaluate the effect of automated DI scheduling of sugar beet using three daily average CWSI thresholds (0.2, 0.35, and 0.55) on seasonal irrigation requirement, crop evapotranspiration, seasonal soil water depletion, root yield, estimated recoverable sugar (ERS) yield, and water use efficiency compared to full irrigation. There were no significant differences in root and ERS yield between full irrigation and 0.2 CWSI DI treatment, while seasonal ET was significantly decreased, seasonal soil water extraction was significantly increased, and seasonal irrigation depths were reduced from 133 to 185 mm. Root and ERS yield water production functions were curvilinear with a downward concave. Root and ERS yield water use efficiencies were constant or increased slightly for crop evapotranspiration reductions up to 85% of full irrigation evapotranspiration. The results indicate that irrigating when the average daily CWSI sugar beet exceeds 0.2 is an effective means for mild deficit irrigation scheduling to reduce seasonal irrigation requirements with no significant effect on root and ERS yield. Keywords: Crop water stress index, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation, Irrigation scheduling, Root yield, Sucrose yield, Sugar beet.
Measurement of Dynamic Electric Consumption Trend in a Broiler House in Arkansas
Authors: Liang Yi , Costello Thomas
Published: February 2024

Highlights

We quantified the diurnal and seasonal electric load pattern during four consecutive growouts of heavy broilers over an 11-month period on a commercial farm. Consumption was measured separately for ventilation fans, lights, feed motors, well pump motors and radiant tube heater blowers.

Ventilation fans were the largest consumer of energy and the largest contributor to peak demand on the farm.

Average monthly electric demand ranged from 31% to 77% of the corresponding monthly peak demand, calculated from the largest 15-min period.

The electricity cost of raising heavier-weight broiler chickens is higher in the summer ($22 per 1,000 kg live weight) than in the winter ($5 per 1,000 kg live weight).

Abstract. Characterizing electric energy use in a commercial broiler house—partitioned by bird age, season, and electric load type—can provide engineers with insight for designing energy conservation practices, as well as help to analyze and design on-site renewable energy production sub-systems. This study monitored electric energy consumption in a commercial broiler house in Arkansas, raising heavy broilers (with a capacity of 17,000 birds) during an 11-month period that included four, 8-week flocks. Average electricity use (RMS voltage and current) was measured at a sampling interval of 5 min for all of the major load types, including ventilation, lighting, feed motors, and well-water pump motor. Results indicated that electric consumption for ventilation fans was the greatest load, accounting for over 88% of the total. The endwall fans (for tunnel ventilation) contributed to the peak electric demand (VA) in nine of the 11 months. Over the 11-month monitoring period, broiler chicken production had an average electric energy consumption (per unit live-weight mass produced) of 43 kWh per metric ton of live weight (in a winter flock) to 184 kWh per metric ton (in a summer flock). The corresponding electric costs were $5 per metric ton and $22 per metric ton in winter and summer flocks, respectively (based upon an electricity unit cost of $0.12/kWh). Keywords: Electricity demand, Energy efficiency, Poultry housing.
Spatial distribution of paddy field’s heavy metals diversity contamination in Samarinda using remote sensing imagery
Authors: PALUPI NURUL PUSPITA , HARDI ESTI HANDAYANI , FAHRUNSYAH FAHRUNSYAH , RAHAYU DWI ERMAWATI , NUGROHO RUDY AGUNG , DARMA SURYA , IDRIS SURIA DARMA
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Palupi NP, Hardi EH, Fahrunsyah, Rahayu DE, Nugroho RA, Darma S, Idris SD. 2023. Spatial distribution of paddy field’s heavy metals diversity contamination in Samarinda using remote sensing imagery. Biodiversitas 24: 6743-6752. The adverse effects of heavy metal contamination on rice fields posing a significant threat to food safety. This study, conducted from May to July 2023 in Samarinda East Kalimantan, Indonesia, aims to determine the distribution of active rice fields and heavy metal contamination through Kriging's interpolation method. Aerial photographic interpretations, facilitated by ArcGIS 10.4, were performed with 144 sample points within 4 Districts. The content of heavy metals was assessed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy at specific wavelengths: 248.3 nm for Fe, 228.8 nm for Pb, 283.3 nm for Cd, 357.9 nm for Cr, 279.5 nm for Mn, 213.9 nm for Zn, and 324.7 nm for Cu, following guidelines of SNI 8910:2021. The research showed that existing rice fields were concentrated in North Samarinda District (380,416 ha), Loa Janan Ilir District (210,133 ha), Sambutan District (404,682 ha), and Palaran District (188,617 ha) with Fe content ranged from 4.976,45 ppm to 16.800,485 ppm, exceeding the critical Fe limit in soil of 500 ppm set by SNI. Mn content ranged from 22.65 ppm to 564.88 ppm, surpassing the critical soil threshold of 0.15 ppm for Mn according to SNI. Cu content varied from 3.32 ppm to 121.75 ppm, exceeding critical Cu limit of 0.04 ppm. Zn content ranged from 8.61 ppm to 223.12 ppm, surpassing the critical limit of Zn's pollution in the soil (0.06 ppm). Pb content ranged from 10.72 ppm to 32,84 ppm, categorized as intermediate compared to the threshold of 0.07 ppm for Pb in soil. Cd content ranged from 0.04 ppm to 0.739 ppm, exceeding the critical limit of 0.01 ppm set by SNI. Cr content was detected to be less than 0.032 ppm, falling into a very low category, with the critical limit for Cr content in soil set at 0.5 ppm according to SNI.
The impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulation on various physiological indicators of oats (Avena sativa) exposed to salinity
Authors: ABDULFATAH HIBA FOUAD , NAJI ENAS FAHD
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Abdulfatah HF, Naji EF. 2023. The impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulation on various physiological indicators of oats (Avena sativa) exposed to salinity. Biodiversitas 24: 6753-6760. The objective of the current study is to examine the effects of different levels of salinity, specifically 0, 2.5, and 4.5 ds m-1(S1, S2, S3), on diverse physiological parameters in two principal oat cultivars (Avena sativa L.), Pimula (A1), and Genzania (A2), priming with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 24 hours at a concentration of 0 and 6 g.L-1. The study employed a completely randomized design with three repetitions for each treatment and was conducted at the laboratory of the College of Science, University of Anbar. The Genzania cultivar that was not stimulated with yeast demonstrated the highest percentage of total chlorophyll content (2.28 mg. g. plant-1), statistically significant (P?0.05) compared to the lowest rate recorded by the Pimula cultivar (1.94 mg. g. plant-1). While no significant differences appeared between both cultivars stimulated with yeast under the influence of the salinity concentrations, the S2 treatment had the highest rate and significantly more than the S3 treatment. This demonstrates increased tolerance of the yeast priming cultivars to salinity treatment. The A2 cultivar was characterized by the highest rate of proline in plants stimulated and not stimulated with yeast, with significant differences from the A1 cultivar. However, the S3 treatment had the highest rate of proline (20.96?mole g plant-1) in the stimulated plants, with a higher significance than treatment S2. There was a statistically significant in the electrolyte leakage rate between the non-stimulated cultivars. In contrast, no significant differences appeared for the plants stimulated with yeast, indicating an increase in their tolerance to salinity. Priming seeds with yeast extract has been shown to improve important physiological characteristics in plants, such as total chlorophyll content, proline content, and electrolyte leakage, indicating the effectiveness of yeast in increasing plant resilience to salt stress.
Ethnobotanical knowledge of Isaan Laos tribe in Khong Chai District, Kalasin Province, Thailand with particular focus on medicinal uses
Authors: NIAMNGON PIMTIDA , SAENSOUK SURAPON , SAENSOUK PIYAPORN , JUNSONGDUANG AUEMPORN
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Niamngon P, Saensouk S, Saensouk P, Junsongduang A. 2023. Ethnobotanical knowledge of Isaan Laos tribe in Khong Chai District, Kalasin Province, Thailand with particular focus on medicinal uses. Biodiversitas 24: 6793-6824. Isaan Laos ethnic group in Khong Chai District, Kalasin Province, Thailand hold a unique ethnobotanical knowledge on plant utilization, yet such knowledge and wisdom are facing gradual erosion due to modernization. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate comprehensively the ethnobotanical knowledge on the uses of plants among the Isaan Laos ethnic group residing in Khong Chai District. Data was gathered between July 2022 and July 2023 via vegetation survey, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with 23 villagers residing in village adjacent to the forested area to collect data on plant local names and its utilization. The data was then analyzed for Cultural Important Index (CI), Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR), and Fidelity Level (%FL). In total, Isaan Laos ethnic group in Khong Chai District utilize 291 plant species belonging to 229 genera and 88 families for various purposes. These plants are further categorized into 12 groups based on their traditional uses, including 168 species used for food and spices, 109 species for medicinal purposes, 74 species for ornamental purposes, 40 species for construction materials, 35 species for beliefs and rituals, 27 species for fuels, 20 poisonous species, 17 species for beverages, 5 species for dyeing, 4 species for cosmetics and perfumery, 3 species for industrial crops and 2 species for apparel. Oryza sativa is the most often utilized plant, with a CI value of 4.74, followed by Senna siamea (3.39) and Pandanus amaryllifolius (3.30). The body ache with the highest Index of IAR=0.94 is associated with Curcuma longa, which has the highest values of Fidelity Level (%FL). The most common use of Curcuma longa is to treat flatulence and expelling wind, as well as skin illness. Additionally, Curcuma longa has the highest CI value of 9.83. This study recorded ethnobotanical data in detail as fundamental knowledge for the conservation of plants to be utilized by future generations.
Screening and characterization of endophytic bacteria isolated from celery with the potential to promote plant growth
Authors: NURIYANAH NURIYANAH , WIDOWATI TIWIT , MASNANG ANDI , NURJANAH LISEU , NOVILASARI DAINTY , LEKATOMPESSY SYLVIA J. R. , SIMARMATA RUMELLA
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Nuriyanah, Widowati T, Masnang A, Nurjanah L, Novilasari D, Lekatompessy SJR, Simarmata R. 2023. Screening and characterization of endophytic bacteria isolated from celery with the potential to promote plant growth. Biodiversitas 24: 6897-6904. Endophytic bacteria that inhabit plant tissue contribute to the enhancement of host plant growth by producing secondary metabolites. They can improve plant growth by phytohormone modulation and nutrient uptake. In addition, endophytic bacteria can increase plant health and tolerance by antibiotic and hydrolytic enzyme production. This study aims to screen and characterize endophytic bacteria of celery as plant growth promoter agents. Thirty endophytic bacteria were isolated successfully from part of the celery plant using the spread plate and plant piece method which grew at Nutrient Agar media. Based on the characterization assay, 30 isolates may produce IAA with various concentrations of 0.21-7.18 mg/L. In addition, 3 of 30 isolates had phosphate solubilizing activity, in different indexes ranging from 0.71-1.43. Twenty-one isolates were able to grow in an N-free medium, indicating the capability of isolates to fix nitrogen qualitatively. The hydrolytic enzymes assay resulted in 14 amylolytic, 17 proteolytic, and 12 cellulolytic activities. In addition, nine of 30 isolates show multi-activity in amylase, protease, and cellulase enzyme production. Based on the screening results, there are four potential isolates (SLBg 1.2; SLBg 1.5; SLAg 1.1, and SLAg 1.5) as promising plant-growth promoters and were molecularly identified as members of the Bacillus genus. These isolates can be developed as biofertilizers for supporting the cultivation of celery plants.
Identification, screening, and analysis of secondary metabolite content in methanol extracts of ant nests plant tubers from Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: ROSLIZAWATY ROSLIZAWATY , GHOLIB GHOLIB , RAHMI NADIA , KHAIRAN KHAIRAN , IDROES RINALDI , SYAFRUDDIN SYAFRUDDIN , ABRAR MAHDI
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Roslizawaty R, Gholib G, Rahmi N, Khairan K, Idroes R, Syafruddin S, Abrar M. 2023. Identification, screening, and analysis of secondary metabolite content in methanol extracts of ant nests plant tubers from Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6934-6941. This study aims to identify the chemical components obtained from extracting and partitioning methanol extracts from ant nest tubers (Myrmecodia sp.) originating from Aceh Jaya and Aceh Besar. These extracts were identified using phytochemical screening, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) methods. The identification results showed that the ant nest plant from Aceh Jaya belongs to the species Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack. The ant nest plant from Aceh Besar belongs to the species Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. Phytochemical screening results showed that the methanol extract from Aceh Jaya's ant nest tubers contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids, while Aceh Besar's ant nest tubers contained flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids. GC-MS analysis revealed that the major compound found in the methanol extract from Aceh Jaya's ant nest tubers was 2H-oxecin-2-one,3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-4-hydroxy-10-methyl-,[4S-(4R*,5E,10S*)]- constituting 50.63% of the extract. In comparison, the primary compound in the methanol extract from Aceh Besar was resorcinol at 17.92%. FT-IR analysis indicated that the FT-IR spectra of the methanol extracts from Aceh Jaya's ant nest tubers contained O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C alkene, and C=C aromatic groups. At the same time, methanol extracts from Aceh Besar's ant nest tubers also contained O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C alkene, and C=C aromatic groups.
Diversity of edible plants traded in the East Jakarta traditional markets, Indonesia
Authors: AFRIANTO WHISNU FEBRY , HASANAH LAELI NUR , METANANDA ARYA ARISMAYA
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Afrianto WF, Hasanah LN, Metananda AA. 2023. Diversity of edible plants traded in the East Jakarta traditional markets, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6953-6968. Traditional markets provide limited assistance while facilitating transient or set-term direct retail interactions between buyers and sellers. Commodities traded in the traditional markets range from fresh produce, pantry, dairy, snacks, meat, fish, and wellness products. This study aimed to determine the ethnobotany of edible plant species in Indonesia's East Jakarta traditional markets. This study used an ethnobotanical approach qualitatively. The data were collected using purposive sampling, which included 157 sellers. This study found that 140 edible plant species (181 landraces) in the East Jakarta traditional markets belong to 50 plant families. Most plants were fruits (102 species), with herbs as the most dominant life form (90 species). Most edible plants must be cooked before consumption (40%) as vegetables (68 species). In addition, 166 species are cultivated, 8 are semi-cultivated, and 7 are wild-type plants. The edible plants observed in the traditional markets in this study are classified as highly available (79%) and can be found in all seasons (91%). The East Jakarta traditional markets have an essential role as a place of economic botany that can help balance the economy and conservation efforts. Consequently, traditional markets recreate an essential social-cultural function by combining cultural and biological diversity on a small scale.
Lactic acid bacteria administration from Jember tempeh (Indonesia) as a probiotic candidate in intestinal physiology and histology of mice strain Balb-C
Authors: AZIZAH SITI NUR , ROSIDA ROSIDA , HIDAYAH AMALIYAH NURUL , DWIJAYANTI ANIES ROHMAN
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Azizah SN, Rosida, Hidayah AN, Dwijayanti AR. 2023. Lactic acid bacteria administration from Jember tempeh (Indonesia) as a probiotic candidate in intestinal physiology and histology of mice strain Balb-C. Biodiversitas 24: 6969-6978. The lactic acid bacteria of tempeh have been studied for their potential as a probiotic with highly beneficial effects on health. This study aimed to investigate the potential of lactic acid bacteria from Jember tempeh on white mice's intestinal physiology and histology. The highest population of lactic acid bacteria isolated from three Jember tempeh types with GYP solid media was found in the Kaliwates tempeh (TK) at 2.74 × 108 cells/ml. According to the purification and lactic acid activity, the LAB isolates, encoded as TA.1, TB.1, TK.1, TK.2, and TK.4 are all probiotic candidates. All isolates obtained the optimum growth time at the 15th hour in TA.1 and TB.1 isolates, the 6th hour in TK.1 and TK.2 isolates, and the 8th hour in TK.4 isolate. The administration of LAB probiotics from Jember tempeh on the weight gain of mice presents a sig value of 0.38>0.05, which means an insignificant effect on the weight gain among the group. The solid feces condition of mice was also similar within groups. The administration of LAB probiotics on the intestinal histology of mice presents a sig value of 0.028<0.05, which means a significant effect within groups, showing a similar condition between the consortium administration group and the normal group. Groups TA.1, TB.1, TK.1, TK.4 and control (Lactobacillus acidophillus) had the same intestinal histology, namely partial necrosis. The administration of LAB probiotics from Jember tempeh can also reduce the population of Salmonella and Escherichia coli bacteria more effectively than without the probiotics. Thus, a good treatment group used as a probiotic candidate is a consortium.
Bird communities in the tropical peri-urban landscape of Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: NUGROHO SEPTIAN PUTRA ADI , MARDIASTUTI ANI , MULYANI YENI ARYATI , RAHMAN DEDE AULIA
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Nugroho SPA, Mardiastuti A, Mulyani YA, Rahman DA. 2023. Bird communities in the tropical peri-urban landscape of Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6988-7000. Amidst the urbanization threat, peri-urban landscapes can play an important role in biodiversity conservation, particularly among birds. Therefore, to study species and functional diversity of bird communities in the tropical peri-urban landscape, we observed four habitat types (forest, plantation, built-up area, and farmland) in the Ciampea-Dramaga Landscape, Bogor, Indonesia, from September to December 2020 and September to December 2021. A standard point method was used to observe birds, and several diversity indices were used for data analysis. Altogether, we recorded 11,290 individual birds of 61 species and 33 families. The species diversity tended to be higher in the increasing habitat succession stages. Forest had the highest species diversity (H?=3.17), followed by plantation (H?=2.87), built-up area (H?=2.54), and farmland (H?=2.23). Meanwhile, functional diversity revealed that all feeding guilds can be observed in the forest. The species richness of frugivore-insectivores dominated all habitats, and their abundance are also dominated in forest and plantation habitats. In contrast, granivores dominated farmland, and fly-catching insectivores dominated built-up areas. Due to its relatively high bird diversity in the study area, it needed to be conserved, including habitat management at the landscape scale, strengthening policies and conservation actions, and raising public awareness.
Assessment of phytochemical compositions, antibacterial effects and DPPH scavenging activities of ethanolic root extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus
Authors: OKOLI EMMANUEL CHIKODIRI , UMARU ISAAC JOHN , OLAWALE OTITOJU
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Okoli EC, Emaru IJ, Olawale O. 2022. Assessment of phytochemical compositions, antibacterial effects and DPPH scavenging activities of ethanolic root extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 20: 56-62. Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. serve as a medicinal plant to many populations of Nigeria and West Africa. The stem bark, leaves, and roots have been studied for their antioxidant, antimalaria, antiulcerogenic, and antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical compositions, antibacterial effect and antioxidant activity of the root bark of P. erinaceus. A gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC?FID) instrument was used for the analysis and quantification of phytochemicals present in the ethanolic root extract of P. erinaceus. The antibacterial test was carried out using the agar well method against standard bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli while the antioxidant activity was carried out by evaluating the DPPH scavenging activity. Phytochemicals found in the extracts include: flavonoids (44.50%), alkaloids (18.87%), steroids (4.38%), tannins (1.73%), and anti-nutrients (15.12%). The ethanolic root extracts of P. erinaceus exhibited significant antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus but exhibited no growth inhibitory effect on B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa at all tested concentrations (100 µg/mL, 150 µg/mL, and 200 µg/mL). DPPH scavenging activity was significantly high, with 97.53% at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL and 24.26% at 40 µg/mL. This study revealed that the crude ethanolic extract of P. erinaceus root bark contained pharmacologically active compounds and exhibited significant antibacterial activity and DPPH free radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner.
Short Communication: Fungicidal effect of flax seed oil against several fungal strains
Authors: MIR RAOUF AHMAD , AHMAD MIR KHUSHNAWAZ
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Mir RA, Ahmad MK. 2023. Short Communication: Fungicidal effect of flax seed oil against several fungal strains. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 21: 1-5. The plant world is provided with innate biologically active secondary metabolites, which regulate its defense mechanism. Chemical fungicides pose a great threat to the plant kingdom regarding disease resistance and phytotoxicity. Furthermore, chemical fungicides provide a short spectrum and poor control of plant pathogens. Seed oils have a great potential to act as a natural fungicide against several plant pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity against eight fungal strains, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium expansum, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Phytophthora crocatum, Aspergillus niger, Phytophthora infestans, and Venturia inaequalis by the poisoned food method. Antifungal activity was assessed regarding the inhibition percentage of radial growth on a solid medium (Potatoes Dextrose Agar/PDA). Flaxseed oil showed the highest (100%) antifungal activity against M. mucedo at a concentration of 5 ?L/mL, while moderate (53% and 60%) antifungal activity was recorded for P. expansum, and P. crocatum. However, linseed oil showed negative results against A. niger, T. viride, and T. harzianum. Thus, the results of the present study revealed that flaxseed oil has tremendous fungicidal activity and could become an alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling certain dreadful plant fungal diseases.
Effects of the candlenut seed oil supplementation on the fatty acids profile of Swiss Webster mice
Authors: WONGGO DHAMMIKO , AGUSTIN YUDITH CHRISTINA , WONGSO SUWIDJI , PUTRA SULISTYO EMANTOKO DWI
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Wonggo D, Agustin YC, Wongso S, Putra SED. 2023. Effects of the candlenut seed oil supplementation on the fatty acids profile of Swiss Webster mice. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 21: 26-33. Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Wild) is a widely distributed plant in Asia and Australia. Previous studies show the benefits of consuming foods containing Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFA) that can reduce saturated fatty acids in the body. However, to date, there has been on the effect of candlenut seed oil on Fatty Acid (FA) profile, so this study intended to determine the highest candlenut seed oil supplemented to feed/food ingredients and its effect on unsaturated and Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) profile in the blood and adipose tissue. Thirty-two Swiss Webster mice were divided into 2 groups, Group I (control group, n=16) was given normal (regular) feed, and Group II (test group, n=16) was assigned 16% candlenut seed oil-supplemented feed. The experiment was carried out for 13 weeks. At the end of the study (week 13th), the mice were dissected, and the fatty acids profile from the adipose was analyzed using a GC-FID instrument. Supplementation of 16% candlenut seed oil in feed increases total fat content to 180%, decreases Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) to 17,71%, and increases unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) to 82,29%. Mice treated with 16% candlenut seed oil in the feed for 13 weeks showed a significant reduction in SFA level (38,975% ± 11,178 vs. 22,148% ± 2,853, p<0,05), accompanied by a significant increase in UFA (60,633% ± 10,924 vs. 77,693% ± 2,685, p<0,05). In addition, a significant increase in linolenic acid (1,1% ± 0,572 vs. 7,925% ± 1,305, p<0,05) and the UFA with more than one double bond (Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid) (26,65% ± 8,783 vs. 42,245% ± 2,322, p<0,05). Regular consumption of candlenut seed oil could increase UFA levels and decrease SFA levels. Therefore, candlenut seed oil might be the potential as a food additive to maintain health.
Integrity of Melamine Formaldehyde Bonds in Ponderosa Pine Cross-Laminated Timber: Isolating Adhesive Compatibility Effect
Authors: Jahedi Sina , Muszynski Lech , Riggio Mariapaola , Bhandari Sujit
Published: February 2024

The integrity of melamine formaldehyde bonds in prototype cross-laminated timber (CLT) specimens was tested as part of a project on utilization of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) from forest restoration programs in the western United States. Bond integrity tests, block shear, and cyclic delamination are prescribed by ANSI/APA PRG-320 (ANSI/APA 2019) and ANSI 405 (ANSI 2018) to qualify new products. Of these, the cyclic delamination criterion is particularly challenging for layups developed in research labs and pilot plants. Delamination is often blamed on poor compatibility between adhesive and wood species, clamping pressure, or distribution of adhesive, neglecting other potential factors. One of the study objectives was to separate the effect of adhesive compatibility from other potential factors affecting bond integrity in CLT. Bonding integrity tests were conducted on prototype specimens bonded with melamine formaldehyde adhesive. Three types of specimens were studied: (1) specimens harvested from panels fabricated in an industrial CLT plant, (2) specimens harvested from panels fabricated in a pilot-line, and (3) short blocks cross-laminated from 102 by 102-mm sections. The short blocks included sections with juvenile wood and blue stain on bonded surfaces. All samples passed the PRG-320 block shear criteria. All short blocks passed the delamination criterion, demonstrating sufficient adhesive compatibility with the surfaces regardless of heavy presence of blue stain and juvenile wood. Specimens harvested from panels did not meet the delamination criterion. Delaminations developed near preexisting interlaminar gaps observed in prototype panels, which may be related to thickness variation or to inconsistent clamping pressure.
Daring to Imagine: A Future Without Zionism
Authors: Rouhana Nadim N.
Published: February 2024

This article locates the rising extremism in Israel in the dynamics of the ongoing Zionist settler-colonial project in Palestine. It introduces the concept of
process in settler-colonial settings as the interaction between the settler-colonial structure with its inherent violence and the agency of the colonized with its inevitable resistance. It is within that context that extremism is nourished and grown. The article argues that Zionism is entrapped in path of escalating violence, the end of which we have not yet seen, to maintain the goals of Jewish supremacy and subdue the natives’ resistance to taking over their land. Therefore, the article defines the challenge of a peaceful relationship between Israelis and Palestinians as being based on abolishing Jewish supremacy and establishing equal political and national rights for Israelis and Palestinians. The article argues that to achieve full equality, recognition of the right and legitimacy of the Israeli Jewish national group to belong to the land in equality with the Palestinian nation and to establish a common political framework of sharing the land, can be achieved only by imagining a future without Zionism.
Beyond the Gay/Straight Split: Socialist Feminists in Baltimore
Authors: Clark Laurel A
Published: February 2024

In recent histories of U.S. feminism, collaborations between lesbians and heterosexuals are overshadowed by the infamous "gay/straight split" of the early 1970s. In lesbian history, seventies androgyny is often characterized as a lesbian-feminist indictment of butch-femme lesbians' gender, which obscures androgyny's polyvalence. Oral history and a locally published journal illustrate how feminists in a Baltimore neighborhood shared politics and an idealized "socialist gender" in the 1970s. The article reveals that women "dressed down" in ways that de-emphasized their femininity and emphasized their critique of consumer capitalism. It argues that the continuing historical construction of the split between feminist lesbians and their heterosexual counterparts limits both the history of women's liberation and of sexuality.
Two Leaders, Two Utopias: Jane Addams and Dorothy Day
Authors: Hamington Maurice
Published: February 2024

It makes sense that many women have sought out utopias. Oppressive and restrictive social systems drive those excluded to claim "there must be something better than this." While many women have engaged in utopian flights of fancy, fewer have had the opportunity to bring their vision into being. Jane Addams and Dorothy Day are two women who imagined the possibility of a different world and each initiated influential movements to make their dreams a reality. Both created communities devoted to social service, worked among the oppressed, had radical ideas about social morality, and both were staunch pacifists. These two pioneering women also represent a stark contrast in utopian thinking. One was a pragmatist feminist who fought for women's suffrage becoming a political force to be reckoned with. The other was a Catholic anarchist who eschewed the right to vote and refused to participate in politics. This article seeks to bring attention to the intriguing continuities and discontinuities of the activist philosophies of Jane Addams and Dorothy Day. While both utopian visions have their appeal, I suggest that ultimately Day's approach is one of charity and Addams's is one of education, and that the latter holds the most promise for feminist activist theorizing.
Cross-Race, Cross-Culture, Cross-National, Cross-Class, But Same-Gender: Musings on Research in South Africa
Authors: Lempert Lora Bex
Published: February 2024

This paper presents reflective reexaminations of, and musings about, a cross-race, cross-culture, cross-national, cross-class, but same-gender research process in the "new South Africa" from the vantage point of hindsight. The paper aims to make the research backstage more transparent by reflecting on ongoing negotiations of self in context with abused women's shelter service providers in South Africa. Discursive attention is focused on social locations and the ways that social privileges affect the research process, as well as on giving-and-taking as a significant set of research interactions.
Widening the Lens on Gender and Tenure: Looking Beyond the Academic Labor Market
Authors: Aanerud Rebecca , Morrison Emory , Homer Lori E , Rudd Elizabeth , Nerad Maresi , Cerny Joseph
Published: February 2024

Women's tenure rates are widely and justifiably considered critical indicators of women's status within academia. In this article, however, we question the meaning of this indicator. We find that Ph.D. career path data show women's likelihood of getting tenure is equal to or better than men's in fields dominated by men. Most literature on gender and tenure focuses on family/work balance and academic climate issues, but a review of common labor market explanations in relation to Ph.D. career path data suggests that we need to view the academic labor market as just one segment of the broader labor market. In conclusion, we argue that understanding women's tenure status requires "widening the lens" to include the role of labor market alternatives to academic careers.
Mentors and Tormentors
Authors: Altman Meryl
Published: February 2024

Reflecting on the legacy of the late Carolyn Heilbrun, and on her own experience as director of Women's Studies at a small liberal arts college, a forty-something feminist academic asks, what did my generation learn about mentoring from the women's studies pioneers who taught us? And what could we do better? Self-awareness, abstinence, and a healthy sense of irony may help.
An Oasis within a Desert Palace : Proving Sex Discrimination in the New Millennium
Authors: Gafford Muhammad Crystal
Published: February 2024

In the case of Desert Palace v. Costa (2003), the Supreme Court's liberalization of evidentiary standards in proving discrimination helps women building cases of discrimination along the legal frame of disparate treatment theory. Desert Palace v. Costa clarifies and effectively expands the type of evidence that can be used to prove sex discrimination in cases where legitimate and illegitimate reasons are used to curtail employment opportunities. Now direct and circumstantial evidence can be used to build a case of sex discrimination in these mixed-motives cases. Given the nuances of faculty evaluation processes and the subjectivities therein, this legal development is particularly beneficial to women in academia. Nevertheless, while Desert Palace v. Costa is a progressive step forward, the law of sex discrimination remains limited in its ability to provide remedy in cases where similar treatment results in outcomes that vary on the basis of sex.
Institutionalizing Inequalities in Canadian Universities: The Canada Research Chairs Program
Authors: Side Katherine , Robbins Wendy
Published: February 2024

To position Canada as a world leader in the "knowledge-based" economy, in 2000, the Canadian government established a multi-million-dollar initiative to appoint 2,000 scholars as Canada Research Chairs (CRC). Women are seriously underrepresented among CRC research "stars," and no data are kept for other equity groups. Eight women initiated a complaint with the Canadian Human Rights Commission in 2003 in an attempt to remedy inequities, and a national discussion has ensued over excellence and equity. We provide a brief outline of the CRC Program and demonstrate how it perpetuates a narrow conception of innovation and excellence, which further institutionalizes inequalities for women and faculty members from other equity groups in Canadian universities. We describe the strategy of the human rights complaint and remedies negotiated in the settlement of 2006. We argue for a broader conceptualization and contextualization of "excellence," and for research not in the private, but the public good.
Gender, Religion, and Medicine in Enlightenment Germany: Dorothea Christiane Leporin’s Treatise on the Education of Women
Authors: Poeter Elisabeth
Published: February 2024

The essay argues for the recognition of Dorothea Christiane Leporin as the first female physician in eighteenth-century Germany and her treatise on the education of women as an important contribution to feminist thinking prior to the emergence of a tradition of feminist theories since the nineteenth century. The essay addresses questions concerning the conceptual distinctions made in Enlightenment thought between reason and emotion as well as mind and body and investigates the consequences that these dualisms had for discussions about women’s education. It discusses Leporin’s treatise as a feminist challenge to established knowledge about gender in theology and the natural sciences by relating new and unorthodox approaches in medical philosophy and the spiritual practices of Pietism to women’s demand for education.
Battered Women, Catastrophe, and the Context of Safety after Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Jenkins Pam , Phillips Brenda
Published: February 2024

Feminist practice, activism, and scholarship have played critical roles in bringing the problems of domestic violence to light, shaping legislation to empower victims and championing improvement in advocacy and outreach. Yet many women and children not only continue to suffer from this form of personal violence, but suffer doubly when large-scale catastrophes strike—even as large numbers of volunteers turn out to respond, donors overwhelm local communities, and people open their hearts to those in need. This paper examines domestic violence and disaster in post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans while concomitantly contributing to the literature that demonstrates ways in which feminist orientations can make vital differences in disaster contexts. We show that by listening to the voices of victims in postdisaster contexts, new insights can be gleaned as to how to make all women safer during disasters. Domestic-violence survivors often experienced heightened levels of violence during the hurricane and its aftermath; however, even in that difficult context, some women made the choice to leave abusive situations and advocates responded in new ways to help these women meet their unique needs.