bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracing postrepresentational visions of the city: representing the unrepresentable Skateworlds of Tyneside
Authors: Swords Jon , Jeffries Michael
Published: September 2015

In any visualisation of the city more is left unseen than made visible. Contemporary visualisations of the city are increasingly influenced by quantification, and thus anything which cannot be quantified is hidden. In contrast, we explore the use of ‘lo-fi’, doodled, participatory maps made by skateboarders in Tyneside, England, as a means to represent their cityscape. Drawing on established work an skateboarding and recent developments in cartography, we argue that skateboarders understand the city from a postrepresentational perspective. Such a framing presents a series of challenges to map their worlds which we explore through a processual account of our mapmaking practice. In this process we chart how skateboarders’ mappings became part of a more significant interplay of performance, identity, visualisation, and exhibition. The paper makes contributions to the emerging field of postrepresentational cartography and argues that its processual focus provides useful tools to understand how visions of the city are produced.
Cutting the Gordian knot of visualizing dense spatial networks: the case of the world city network, 2013
Authors: Hennemann Stefan , Derudder Ben , Taylor Peter J
Published: September 2015

Networks have become ubiquitous in the analysis of socioeconomic patterns. Importantly, most of these networks have an inherent geographical dimension, and are therefore a relevant object for geographical research and related thinking on cartographic mapping and visualization. The visualization of spatial networks is, however, still in its infancy. In this paper, we present and discuss some of the typical issues associated with the visualization of spatial networks, as well as the emerging possibilities to tackle these issues. In particular, we focus on a state-of-the-art graph layout algorithm that uses edge bundling on network layers in conventional maps. We use the example of the geographies of the world city network in 2013 as researched by the Globalization and World Cities network (GaWC).
Wine-washing: colonization, normalization, and the geopolitics of terroir in the West Bank's settlements
Authors: Handel Ariel , Rand Galit , Allegra Marco
Published: September 2015

Terroir describes a set of special characteristics of a given place—geography, geology, climate, and human agricultural traditions—that incarnates in the unique taste of its products, usually wine. In contrast to modern perceptions of territory as an abstract legal–political entity, terroir invokes images of organic relations between people and a specific land with a unique ‘character’. The paper will analyze the evolving discourse in the West Bank settlements in recent years, which shifts the emphasis from biblical history, ideology, and security—to tourism, vineries, and terroir. The argument will be that the usage of sophisticated wine language enables normalization of the Jewish settlements in the West Bank in a paradoxical way that is emphasizing their location and blurring it at the same time. While the concept of normalization is usually applied to the ‘quality-oflife’ urban settlements, our paper concentrates on the small and ‘ideological’ settlements, which are located in the densest Palestinian regions. By that, we wish to contribute to the growing research body on the West Bank settlements, as well as to the fields of geopolitics, colonial and postcolonial studies, and cultural geography.
Rethinking the place brand: the interactive formation of place brands and the role of participatory place branding
Authors: Kavaratzis Mihalis , Kalandides Ares
Published: September 2015

This article attempts to ‘rethink’ place brands after examining in detail how people form them in their minds. The article starts with a very brief account of the place branding literature to provide the necessary background and goes on to identify what we see as a shortcoming in current understanding of the place brand: the dominant idea that brands are formed as sums of mental associations. The article attempts to take current understanding of place brands further by going beyond associations and adding a missing element: the interactions between those associations. We propose a rethinking of place brands based on two pillars: first we incorporate more geographical understanding into place branding and, second, we outline a process that allows place elements and placebased associations to combine and form the place brand. The place brand formation process starts when people use place-making elements (materiality, practices, institutions and representations) to form mental associations with the place. These associations are not static but evolve and change over time as they interact with each other on several dimensions. These interactions constitute the way in which the place brand is formed. The argumentation leads to a novel conceptualization of the role of place branding in the above processes. The practical applicability and implications of the proposed rethinking of place brands suggested here are explored in detail through the examination of the branding process followed recently in Bogotá, Colombia, where our approach to place branding has found practical application.
You have to try your luck: male Ghanaian youth and the uncertainty of football migration
Authors: Esson James
Published: September 2015

The migration of male African youth within the football industry—particularly cases involving human trafficking—has become a subject of academic and political interest. This paper contributes to work on this topic and to literature on the agency of youth in the urban Global South by turning the academic gaze away from European actors and settings, and towards their African counterparts. Drawing upon research conducted in Ghana, the paper reveals how youth perceive migration through football as a solution to the socioeconomic uncertainty and life constraints facing them in neoliberal Accra. This perception is tied to broader representations of spatial mobility as a precursor for social mobility. Youth attempt to achieve spatial mobility through football by ‘trying their luck’, a form of social navigation that is used to mediate the uncertainty associated with this strategy for realizing spatial change. Through illustrating why youth want to be spatially mobile and how they attempt to do so through football, this paper demonstrates why studies of African football migration need to engage better with how conditions inside the football industry interact with those beyond it.
Soil erosion and conservation in Ethiopia
Authors: Haregeweyn Nigussie , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Nyssen Jan , Poesen Jean , Tsubo Mitsuru , Tsegaye Meshesha Derege , Schütt Brigitta , Adgo Enyew , Tegegne Firew
Published: September 2015

This paper reviews Ethiopia’s experience and research progress in past soil and water conservation (SWC) efforts and suggests possible solutions for improvement. Although indigenous SWC techniques date back to 400 BC, institutionalized SWC activity in Ethiopia became significant only after the 1970s. At least six national SWC-related programs have been initiated since the 1970s and their focus over time has shifted from food relief to land conservation and then to livelihoods. The overall current soil erosion rates are highly variable and large by international standards, and sheet, rill, and gully erosion are the dominant processes. The influence of human activities on the landscape has traditionally been deleterious, but this trend seems to have recently reversed in some parts of the country following the engagement of the communities in land management. The efficiency of SWC measures show mixed results that are influenced by the type of measures and the agro-ecology under which they were implemented; in general, the relative performance of the interventions is better in the drylands as compared with humid areas. Methodological limitations also occur when addressing the economic aspects related to benefits of ecosystem services and other externalities. Although farmers have shown an increased understanding of the soil erosion problem, SWC efforts face a host of barriers related to limited access to capital, limited benefits, land tenure insecurity, limited technology choices and technical support, and poor community participation. In general SWC research in Ethiopia is fragmented and not comprehensive, mainly because of a lack of participatory research, field observations, and adoptable methods to evaluate impacts. A potentially feasible approach to expand and sustain SWC programs is to attract benefits from global carbon markets. Moreover, a dedicated institution responsible for overseeing the research–extension linkage of SWC interventions of the country should be established.
Phelan McDermid Syndrome
Authors: Harony-Nicolas Hala , De Rubeis Silvia , Kolevzon Alexander , Buxbaum Joseph D.
Published: September 2015

Phelan-McDermid syndrome or 22q13.3 deletion syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by generalized developmental delay, intellectual disability, absent or delayed speech, seizures, autism spectrum disorder, neonatal hypotonia, physical dysmorphic features, and recurrent medical comorbidities. Individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome have terminal deletions of the chromosomal region 22q13.3 encompassing SHANK3, a gene encoding a structural component of excitatory synapses indispensable for proper synaptogenesis and neuronal physiology, or point mutations within the gene. Here, we review the clinical aspects of the syndrome and the genetic findings shedding light onto the underlying etiology. We also provide an overview on the evidence from genetic studies and mouse models that supports SHANK3 haploinsufficiency as a major contributor of the neurobehavioral manifestations of Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Finally, we discuss how all these discoveries are uncovering the pathophysiology of Phelan-McDermid syndrome and are being translated into clinical trials for novel therapeutics ameliorating the core symptoms of the disorder.
Historical Patents as Inspiration for Digital Textile and Apparel Design
Authors: Parsons Jean L.
Published: September 2015

This research used historically informed analysis as a framework to examine studio design practice. Discovery of a historical patent for a coat made from a single pattern piece led to an examination of United States coat and jacket patents to identify past patternmaking explorations that could inform current design practice, with a focus on those with one pattern piece. These patterns allowed large expanses of cloth for surface design, especially for creation of engineered digital prints on a single canvas, and opened up avenues for creative experimentation. The research objectives were to analyze the patterns for shape and accuracy of fit, to evaluate them as a beginning point to inform future patternmaking and design approaches, to engineer digital prints for prototypes, and to create aesthetically appealing designs that could be produced with minimal fabric waste. Digital copies of the patterns were created, tested and compared, with a focus on evaluation of critical fit points and the potential for further creative development. Prototype designs were generated from the patent patterns, with some faithful to the original patent and others moving away from the patentee’s intentions, although keeping the pattern shape. Digital prints were then created and engineered for the patterns. This investigation also reoriented traditional apparel design practice by placing pattern manipulation at the beginning of the design process, and made design development contingent upon research objectives. At the same time it confirmed that research through design is not linear, and that studio practice also informed the objectives.
An 11-year retrospective review of venlafaxine ingestion in children from the California Poison Control System
Authors: Doroudgar S , Perry PJ , Lackey GD , Veselova NG , Chuang HM , Albertson TE
Published: September 2015

Venlafaxine is commonly used in the United States for approved and non-Food and Drug Administration–approved indications in adults. It is used off-label to treat children for psychiatric diagnoses. The aim of the study was to describe venlafaxine toxicities in children and to identify the venlafaxine dose per weight that correlates with toxicities. An 11-year retrospective study of venlafaxine ingestion in children was performed using the California Poison Control System (CPCS) database. Data was extracted from phone calls received by CPCS clinicians and follow-up phone calls made to assess the patient’s progress in a health-care setting. Inclusion criteria were venlafaxine ingestion cases reported to CPCS between January 2001 and December 2011, children aged 20 years and under, venlafaxine as the only ingested substance, managed in a health-care facility, and followed to a known outcome. Two hundred sixty-two cases met the study criteria. Common presentations included gastrointestinal (14.9%), altered mental status (13.7%), and tachycardia (13.4%). The majority of the cases resulted in no effect (51.5%) or minor effect (19.9%). The average estimated dose per weight was 18.3 mg/kg in all patients and 64.5 mg/kg in those experiencing moderate-to-severe adverse effects. Seizures occurred in only 4 of the 262 cases at doses ranging from 1500 to 7500 mg. Although the estimated dose per weight exceeded 10 mg/kg for the majority of the cases, only 12 cases resulted in moderate or severe outcomes. The majority of venlafaxine ingestion cases in children resulted in either no clinical effects or minor clinical effects.
A political ecology of the camp
Authors: Meiches Benjamin
Published: September 2015

Critical scholarship on the camp tends to focus on the institution’s historical role in producing forms of social exclusion often by linking the emergence of the camp to the creation of abstract political divisions such as citizenship and nationality. While this approach has unquestionable value, it overemphasizes the importance of social constructions in the history and development of the camp. This article calls for a re-examination of the material elements composing camp spaces by offering attention to how non-human entities and processes contribute to the development of practices of confinement, security and governance. Drawing on the work of Manuel DeLanda, Gilles Deleuze, and Félix Guattari, this article develops an outline of the camp as a material assemblage and examines how the camp emerges from the interaction of barbed wire, war, and the rise of motorized transport. This process of historical emergence helps to explain the elastic and transient dimensions of the camp as constitutive of a new form of fluid political control. Moreover, the article claims that attending to the materiality of the camp helps to explain the expanding role that camps will play in the future of political governance.
‘Are you a union member?’ Determinants and trends of subjective union membership in Italian society (1972–2013)
Authors: Frangi Lorenzo , Barisione Mauro
Published: September 2015

This article analyses so-called ‘subjective union membership’ among employees and non-employees in Italy between 1972 and 2013. Unlike trends drawn from administrative data (‘objective membership’), subjective membership, based on the declaration of the respondent, takes into account respondents’ awareness of being affiliated to a union, their sense of belonging and the social desirability of stating their membership status. Instrumental and ideational rationales inform our cross-sectional and longitudinal hypotheses. Using an ITANES pooled dataset based on 11,073 observations over 40 years (1972–2013), two major findings emerge. First, only a minority of politically engaged left-wing individuals have maintained the same probability of declaring themselves union members since the early 1970s. Secondly, subjective membership has sharply decreased over time not only among employees, but also – in clear contrast to administrative data – among non-employees. Subjective measures are thus particularly useful in improving our understanding of union membership.
The positive effect of music on source memory
Authors: Ferreri Laura , Bigand Emmanuel , Bugaiska Aurélia
Published: September 2015

Several studies have investigated how to improve episodic memory performance by manipulating the factors that are crucial for successful encoding. There is an ongoing debate about whether a complex stimulus such as music can improve memory, and in particular memory for words, rather than interfere with correct encoding of information. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate whether verbal episodic memory can be improved by background context of instrumental music. Twenty young adults were asked to memorize different lists of words presented against a background of music, environmental sounds or silence. Their episodic memory performance was then tested in terms of item and source memory scores. Results revealed better memory performance under the music condition than with environmental sounds or silence in the retrieval of the context (i.e. source) of the encoded material. These findings, contrasting with studies showing an interfering effect of music, are discussed in terms of both methodological and theoretical perspectives with the aim of furthering the debate about music and memory. In sum, our results indicate that music can specifically act as a facilitating encoding context for verbal episodic memory, opening important perspectives for music as a rehabilitation tool for episodic memory deficits.
Exposure based therapy for problem gambling in a patient with Alzheimer’s dementia
Authors: Dham Pallavi , Larsen Amii , Baigent Michael
Published: September 2015

Objectives:

This case report discusses the response to exposure and response prevention therapy in a patient with problem gambling and comorbid early dementia. It further discusses neurobiology of exposure therapy and its application in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Conclusion:

Studies show good response to the use of exposure therapy in patients with cognitive impairment and further studies are needed to study the neurobiological changes and response to the therapy in patients with cognitive impairment.
Using Concept Maps to Engage Adult Learners in Critical Analysis
Authors: Yelich Biniecki Susan M. , Conceição Simone C. O.
Published: September 2015

An understanding of learning theories can help adult educators become more effective practitioners and meet the needs of the learners they serve. Adult educators who understand how individuals learn can be better prepared to use effective strategies during the learning process. This article addresses the use of concept maps as a strategy to engage adult learners in critical analysis, a skill educators often aim to help learners strengthen. The discussion situates within four learning theories: cognitivist, constructivist, transformative, and social learning. Examples from different contexts using concept maps and connections between theories, learning process, locus of learning, teacher’s role, manifestation in adult education, and activities are presented. The article concludes with putting concept maps and critical analysis into practice in formal and nonformal settings.
Cognitive Diversity in Teams
Authors: Mello Abby L. , Rentsch Joan R.
Published: September 2015

The growing research literature on cognitive diversity in teams has multidisciplinary and international relevance. However, the varied conceptual and operational definitions restrict theory development and comparisons of empirical results. The purpose of the present article is to provide guidance for the systematic study of cognitive diversity and team functioning. We demonstrate that organization of the literature is necessary and offer an organizing heuristic based on the stability of the cognitive diversity conceptualization. Using this framework, we review the empirical findings for the effects of cognitive diversity on team criteria. Then, we address methodological issues and describe the manners in which cognitive diversity has been composed to the team level. Following each section we offer summary findings, critique the state of the literature, and offer guidance for future research. There are opportunities for researchers to enhance precision in theory and measurement and for integration across disciplines.
Couple’s Narratives of Communion and Isolation Following Abnormal Prenatal Microarray Testing Results
Authors: Werner-Lin Allison , Barg Frances K. , Kellom Katherine S. , Stumm Kallyn J. , Pilchman Lisa , Tomlinson Ashley N. , Bernhardt Barbara A.
Published: September 2015

In 2% to 3% of cases, prenatal microarray testing detects deletions and duplications in a fetus’ genome that are undetected by conventional cytogenetics. Many of these changes are associated with variable or uncertain symptomatology. Little is known about how couples experience uncertain results. This study analyzed 24 interviews with members of 12 heterosexual U.S. couples who received pathogenic or uncertain microarray prenatal testing results. Researchers used narrative analysis to examine couples’ understanding and incorporation of findings into decision making regarding pregnancy termination. Couples felt unprepared for these findings and frustrated because scant information was available to aid interpretation. Women sought information and made decisions, and men marginalized their distress to support their wives. A shift in voice from first to second person indicated attempts to normalize emotional responses by making the process “common” to all couples. Families pursuing highly sensitive prenatal testing may need expert guidance to support decision making.
The Influence of Masculinity on Coping in Undergraduate Black Men
Authors: Mincey Krista , Alfonso Moya , Hackney Amy , Luque John
Published: September 2015

This study examined the influence of masculinity on the coping mechanisms of undergraduate Black men. Black male college students were recruited from a Historically Black College and University (HBCU) and a Predominately White Institution (PWI) and asked to complete a survey. Survey results ( N = 162) showed most Black college men identify with mainstream society or Black masculinity. Results also showed that the type of masculinity identified does determine whether a positive or negative relationship exists with the type of coping method used. In addition, the type of masculinity identified with was determined by the campus (HBCU, PWI) participants attended. Future research directions are discussed.
Molecular Testing in Multiple Synchronous Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Rafael Oana C. , Lazzaro Richard , Hasanovic Adnan
Published: September 2015

Discovery of driver mutations in pulmonary adenocarcinoma has revolutionized the field of thoracic oncology with major impact on therapy and diagnosis. Testing for EGFR, ALK, and KRAS mutations has become part of everyday practice. We report a case with multiple synchronous primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas in a 72-year-old female with previous history of smoking. The patient presented with cough and bilateral lung ground glass opacities. A positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan showed no activity in mediastinal lymph nodes. She underwent a left upper lobe biopsy and a right upper lobe wedge resection. Pathology revealed 4 morphologically distinct adenocarcinoma foci, suggestive of synchronous primary lung tumors. Molecular testing demonstrated no mutation in the left tumor. Three different driver mutations were present in the right lung tumors: KRAS codon 12 G12D and G12V and EGFR exon 21 L858R mutation, confirming the initial histologic impression. Subsequently, left upper lobe lobectomy showed 3 additional foci of adenocarcinoma with different morphologies, suggestive of synchronous primaries as well. No additional molecular testing was performed. Synchronous pulmonary adenocarcinomas are not uncommon; however, 4 or more synchronous tumors are rare. Distinguishing multiple primary tumors from intrapulmonary metastases is a common problem in thoracic oncology with major implications for staging, prognosis, and treatment. Lung adenocarcinoma subclassification based on predominant and coexisting histologic patterns can greatly facilitate differentiation between intrapulmonary metastases and multiple synchronous tumors. Use of molecular profiling is recommended since it further increases confidence in the diagnostic workup of multiple pulmonary adenocarcinomas and helps guiding therapy.
Development and Validation of a Six-Item Version of the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory
Authors: McClintock Andrew S. , McCarrick Shannon M. , Anderson Timothy , Himawan Lina , Hirschfeld Robert
Published: September 2015

The Interpersonal Dependency Inventory (IDI) is a frequently used, 48-item measure of maladaptive dependency. Our goal was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a very brief version of the IDI. An exploratory factor analysis of the IDI in Study 1 ( N = 838) yielded a six-item IDI (IDI-6), with three items loading on an emotional dependency factor (IDI-6-ED), and the other three items loading on a functional dependency factor (IDI-6-FD). This factor solution was validated by confirmatory factor analysis in Study 2 ( N = 916). The IDI-6-ED and IDI-6-FD demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity in Study 3 ( N = 100). In Study 4 ( N = 22-43), the IDI-6-ED and IDI-6-FD were generally stable over 4-week and 8-week intervals and were found to be responsive to the effects of psychological treatment. These results have implications for dependency conceptualizations and support the IDI-6 as a brief, psychometrically sound instrument.
Born Fat
Authors: Parent Mike C. , Alquist Jessica L.
Published: September 2015

Although some popular press and nonscholarly sources have claimed that weight is largely unchangeable, the relationship between this belief and objective measures of health remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that people who believe weight is unchangeable will have poorer objective and subjective health, and fewer exercise behaviors and poorer eating habits, than people who believe weight is changeable. Participants were 4,166 men and 4,655 women enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the 2007 to 2010 iterations. Believing that weight was uncontrollable was negatively related to exercise and healthful dietary practices and positively related to unhealthful eating. Lack of exercise and unhealthful eating were, in turn, associated with poor physical health. Age, but not gender, moderated the relationships between belief in weight changeability and exercise behaviors, healthful eating, and unhealthful eating. This study suggests that believing weight is unchangeable is associated with poor health behaviors and poorer physical health.
A Combined 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study of HFPO-Amidol (CASRN 75888-49-2) With Reproductive/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test in Wistar Han Rats
Authors: Moilanen Lori H. , Bagley Bradford D. , Hakes Daniel C. , Hope Esther F. , Reynolds Jill E. , van Otterdijk Francois
Published: September 2015

HFPO-Amidol (CAS # 75888-49-2) is a new hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO)-based intermediate developed as an alternative to longer chain perfluorinated compounds. The repeated-dose toxicity of this material was evaluated in an Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 422-compliant, 28-day oral exposure study with a concurrent reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test. Wistar rats received doses of 0, 30, 300, or 1000 mg/kg/d by oral gavage. Statistically significant changes in body weight gain of 1000 mg/kg/d females during the postcoitum period were possibly related to treatment but were considered not adverse, given the slight nature of the changes. The lower food consumption of 300 mg/kg/d females during the postcoitum and lactation period was not considered treatment related given the absence of a time- and dose-related trend and because food intake was generally similar to control levels after allowance for body weights. Statistically significant changes in motor activity (total movements and total ambulations) were noted in 1000 mg/kg/d main male and female rats. The changes observed in female rats were considered not treatment related in the absence of a dose–response trend. The higher motor activity of high-dose males was primarily apparent within the first 10 minutes of the 60-minute measurement period and was suggestive of temporary hyperreactivity to a new environment/stimulus. This increased peak motor activity remained present although at an apparent lower magnitude when measured 13 days after withdrawal of treatment. Because the possible toxicological relevance of the temporarily increased motor activity observed in 1000 mg/kg/d males could not be excluded, these changes were considered possibly adverse in nature. No treatment-related or toxicologically relevant effects were noted on the other parental, reproductive, and developmental parameters investigated in this study. The parental systemic no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for this study is 300 mg/kg/d (based on increased motor activity in males), while the reproductive and developmental NOAEL is 1000 mg/kg/d.
The N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist MK-801 Prevents Thallium-Induced Behavioral and Biochemical Alterations in the Rat Brain
Authors: Osorio-Rico Laura , Villeda-Hernández Juana , Santamaría Abel , Königsberg Mina , Galván-Arzate Sonia
Published: September 2015

Thallium (Tl+) is a toxic heavy metal capable of increasing oxidative damage and disrupting antioxidant defense systems. Thallium invades the brain cells through potassium channels, increasing neuronal excitability, although until now the possible role of glutamatergic transmission in this event has not been investigated. Here, we explored the possible involvement of a glutamatergic component in the Tl+-induced toxicity through the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) in rats. The effects of MK-801 (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [ip]) on early (24 hours) motor alterations, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and GSH peroxidase activity induced by Tl+ acetate (32 mg/kg, ip) were evaluated in adult rats. MK-801 attenuated the Tl+-induced hyperactivity and lipid peroxidation in the rat striatum, hippocampus and midbrain, and produced mild effects on other end points. Our findings suggest that glutamatergic transmission via NMDA receptors might be involved in the Tl+-induced altered regional brain redox activity and motor performance in rats.
Continuing to Work toward US Manhood
Authors: Dzenko Corey
Published: September 2015

For his large-scale, color series The Struggle to Right Oneself (begun in 2002), contemporary performance-photographer Kerry Skarbakka depicts himself falling in order to discuss personal and broader social instabilities, such as the “falling” reputation of the United States and the politics of identity. Although his white, male body in this precarious act suggests the potential loss of control of white masculinity, I argue that his work reinstates ideals of manhood in numerous ways. By analyzing the performative making of the series, the images themselves, and Skarbakka’s presentations after he has made them, I examine how white masculinity continues as a highly operative, but un(der)examined, position in the contemporary United States. In particular, the construction of white masculinity in this series is furthered through the long-established tropes of “work” and failure while the myth that certain bodies circulate without embodied particularities—a dangerous myth cultivated by, and necessary for, neoliberal ideologies—continues.
Nonlinear vibration and dynamic response of imperfect eccentrically stiffened shear deformable sandwich plate with functionally graded material in thermal environment
Authors: Duc Nguyen D , Cong Pham H , Tuan Ngo D , Tran Phuong , Anh Vu M , Quang Vu D
Published: September 2015

This paper presents an analytical approach to investigate the nonlinear dynamic response and vibration of shear deformable imperfect eccentrically stiffened sandwich plate with functionally graded material (FGM) on elastic foundation using both of the first-order shear deformation plate theory and stress function with full motion equations (not using Volmir's assumptions). The thick sandwich plates are assumed to rest on elastic foundation and subjected to mechanical loads in thermal environment. Numerical results for dynamic response of the eccentrically stiffened thick sandwich plates are obtained by Runge–Kutta method. The results show the influences of geometrical parameters, material properties, imperfections, the elastic foundations, eccentric stiffeners, mechanical loads and temperature on the nonlinear dynamic response and nonlinear vibration of functionally graded sandwich plates. The numerical results in this paper are compared with the results reported in other publications.
Salivary Biomarkers of Chronic Psychosocial Stress and CVD Risks
Authors: An Kyungeh , Salyer Jeanne , Brown Roy E. , Kao Hsueh-Fen Sabrina , Starkweather Angela , Shim Insop
Published: September 2015

Background:

The use of salivary biomarkers in stress research is increasing, and the precision and accuracy with which researchers are able to measure these biomarkers have dramatically improved. Chronic psychosocial stress is often linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Salivary biomarkers represent a noninvasive biological method of characterizing the stress phenomenon that may help to more fully describe the mechanism by which stress contributes to the pathogenesis and outcomes of CVD.

Objectives:

We conducted a systematic review of 40 research articles to identify the salivary biomarkers researchers have most commonly used to help describe the biological impact of chronic psychosocial stress and explore its associations with CVD risk. We address strengths and weaknesses of specimen collection and measurement.

Methods:

We used PubMed, CINAHL, EBSCO host, Web of Science, BIOSIS Previews, Biological Sciences (ProQuest), and Dissertations/Theses (ProQuest) to retrieve 387 initial articles. Once we applied our inclusion/exclusion criteria to specifically target adult human studies dealing with chronic stress rather than acute/laboratory-induced stress, 40 studies remained, which we synthesized using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria.

Results:

Cortisol was the biomarker used most frequently. Sources of psychosocial stress included job strain, low socioeconomic status, and environmental factors. Overall, psychosocial stress was associated with CVD risks such as vascular pathology (hypertension, blood pressure fluctuation, and carotid artery plaque) as well as metabolic factors such as abnormal blood glucose, dyslipidemia, and elevated cardiac enzymes.

Conclusion:

Diverse salivary biomarkers have been useful in stress research, particularly when linked to CVD risks.
Rasch models suggested the satisfactory psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Quality of Life—Brief among lung cancer patients
Authors: Lin Chung-Ying , Yang Szu-Chun , Lai Wu-Wei , Su Wu-Chou , Wang Jung-Der
Published: September 2015

The study examined whether the items of the World Health Organization Quality of Life—Brief questionnaire can assess its four underlying domains (Physical, Psychological, Social, and Environment) in a sample of lung cancer patients. All patients ( n = 1150) were recruited from a medical center in Tainan, and each participant completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life—Brief. Several Rasch rating scale models were used to examine the data-model fit, and Rasch analyses corroborated that each domain of the World Health Organization Quality of Life—Brief could be unidimensional. Although three items were found to have a poor fit, all the other items fit the unidimensionality with ordered thresholds.
Close relationships and disordered eating: Partner perspectives
Authors: Schmit Samantha E , Bell Nancy J
Published: September 2015

The role and potential significance of romantic partners have been acknowledged in the eating disorder literature; yet, few studies have addressed partner perspectives, and none of these have involved dating relationships or considered the implications of the initiation of recovery for partner perceptions. In this study, common themes in the analysis of 12 partner interviews included changing understandings of disordered eating, development of strategies to support their partners, and lack of resources. In addition, participants whose partners did not initiate recovery reported confusion and helplessness, while those whose partners initiated recovery expressed responsibility for and gratification in the positive changes.
Prospective data from the Women’s Health Initiative on depressive symptoms, stress, and inflammation
Authors: Jones Salene MW , Weitlauf Julie , Danhauer Suzanne C , Qi Lihong , Zaslavsky Oleg , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Brenes Gretchen A , LaCroix Andrea Z
Published: September 2015

This study examined the longitudinal association of depressive symptoms and stressful life events with inflammation in the Women’s Health Initiative. Women aged 50 years and older ( N = 7477) completed questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms and stressful life events at baseline and 15 years later. Serum measures of C-reactive protein were collected at both assessments. In bivariate analyses, C-reactive protein predicted 15-year depressive symptoms and stressful life events ( ps < .03) and baseline depressive symptoms and stressful life events predicted later C-reactive protein ( ps < .03). These longitudinal relationships were not maintained in multivariate adjusted analyses. Combined with previous research, this suggests the relationship between depression, stressful life events and inflammation attenuates with time.
Flutrack.org: Open-source and linked data for epidemiology
Authors: Chorianopoulos Konstantinos , Talvis Karolos
Published: September 2015

Epidemiology has made advances, thanks to the availability of real-time surveillance data and by leveraging the geographic analysis of incidents. There are many health information systems that visualize the symptoms of influenza-like illness on a digital map, which is suitable for end-users, but it does not afford further processing and analysis. Existing systems have emphasized the collection, analysis, and visualization of surveillance data, but they have neglected a modular and interoperable design that integrates high-resolution geo-location with real-time data. As a remedy, we have built an open-source project and we have been operating an open service that detects flu-related symptoms and shares the data in real-time with anyone who wants to built upon this system. An analysis of a small number of precisely geo-located status updates (e.g. Twitter) correlates closely with the Google Flu Trends and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention flu-positive reports. We suggest that public health information systems should embrace an open-source approach and offer linked data, in order to facilitate the development of an ecosystem of applications and services, and in order to be transparent to the general public interest.
The two Marxes: From Jewish domination to supersession of the Jews
Authors: Goldberg Chad Alan
Published: September 2015

This article identifies two different patterns in how Karl Marx, in collaboration with Friedrich Engels, portrayed the relationship between the Jews and modern capitalism. The early Marx described modern economic life as domination by a Jewish spirit that is internalized by non-Jews and objectified in economic institutions. The Jews did not drop out of Marx’s mature work, as is sometimes supposed, but there was a major shift in how he linked European Jewry to capitalist development. The mature Marx, it is argued, substituted a new narrative in which the Jews, after contributing to the creation of modern capitalism, were then superseded. In addition, the article seeks to explain these patterns: it argues that assumptions about the Jews originally derived from Christian theology but subsequently secularized and transposed to economic life formed part of the cultural toolkit with which Marx and other classical German social thinkers constructed their understanding of modern capitalism.
The Role of the Study–Work School: A Chinese Case Study on Early Intervention and Child-Centred Juvenile Justice
Authors: Shen Anqi
Published: September 2015

Despite governmental and cultural differences, many jurisdictions are experiencing common tensions between care and control within juvenile justice. The study–work school is an early intervention measure in China aiming at child protection and crime prevention. Relying on empirical data, this article seeks to explore some characteristics of the study–work school, the role it plays and the challenges facing it. It is hoped that the findings here will inform local policy and practice, make contributions to the increasing international body of literature on comparative juvenile justice studies and help a better understanding of the implementation of global policy in local settings.
Exceeding the Legal Time Limits for Involuntary Mental Health Examinations
Authors: Brennaman Laura
Published: September 2015

This study addressed delays to involuntary mental health examinations experienced by individuals in emergency departments (EDs). Florida statute specifies that involuntary mental health examinations shall take place only at state-designated facilities “without unnecessary delay”—no longer than 12 h until transfer—for individuals in hospital EDs. Individuals in EDs needing involuntary mental health examinations sometimes wait for admission to inpatient units because of unavailability of mental health services. Data collectors at two hospitals reviewed the records of 170 randomly selected ED patients requiring involuntary mental health examinations. Nearly one-half (48.8%) of participants waited longer than the 12-h maximum allowed by Florida law for transfer to an authorized facility. Factors that associated with prolonged waits were being male, increased age, being a Medicare beneficiary, and being intoxicated. State agencies responsible for the regulation of hospitals and mental health facilities should use this data and engage front-line caregivers to identify statutory remedies.
Challenges Associated With Using Large Data Sets for Quality Assessment and Research in Clinical Settings
Authors: Cohen Bevin , Vawdrey David K. , Liu Jianfang , Caplan David , Furuya E. Yoko , Mis Frederick W. , Larson Elaine
Published: September 2015

The rapidly expanding use of electronic records in health-care settings is generating unprecedented quantities of data available for clinical, epidemiological, and cost-effectiveness research. Several challenges are associated with using these data for clinical research, including issues surrounding access and information security, poor data quality, inconsistency of data within and across institutions, and a paucity of staff with expertise to manage and manipulate large clinical data sets. In this article, we describe our experience with assembling a data-mart and conducting clinical research using electronic data from four facilities within a single hospital network in New York City. We culled data from several electronic sources, including the institution’s admission-discharge-transfer system, cost accounting system, electronic health record, clinical data warehouse, and departmental records. The final data-mart contained information for more than 760,000 discharges occurring from 2006 through 2012. Using categories identified by the National Institutes of Health Big Data to Knowledge initiative as a framework, we outlined challenges encountered during the development and use of a domain-specific data-mart and recommend approaches to overcome these challenges.
It’s Not All About Resources
Authors: Miller Joanne M. , Saunders Kyle L.
Published: September 2015

The dominant political science explanations of the causes of individual-level political participation converge on three sets of antecedents—resources/skills, recruitment, and political engagement. However, the overwhelming majority of the empirical tests of these antecedents rely on cross-sectional data, obscuring the fact that micro-level participation in the United States is more accurately characterized by instability rather than by stability. Using the American National Election Study and Jennings time-series data, we for the first time demonstrate the inability of traditionally examined antecedents to explain individual-level variation in political behavior over time. Finding extant theory inadequate in this regard, we propose a modification of participation theories that puts the concept of motivation in the foreground. We argue that a model that includes motivation may both pave the way for a better understanding of the variation in participation over time and suggest possible prescriptions to help alleviate representational biases at the individual level.
A Case Study of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy
Authors: Gordon Haley M. , Cooper Lee D.
Published: September 2015

The authors present a case study of “Katie,” a 4-year-old girl diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Treatment was conducted with Katie and her family using Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). However, client-centered adaptations were made to improve the feasibility of the treatment and its ecological validity in a community setting. Katie demonstrated marked reduction in ODD symptoms during treatment and no longer met criteria for ODD at discharge and throughout follow-up periods. A hybrid model was utilized whereby PCIT components were delivered in both clinic and in-home settings. Client-centered adaptations and the benefits of treatment in the in-home setting are discussed. The authors contend that use of appropriate client-centered clinical flexibility, when implementing a manualized, empirically supported, and evidence-based treatment, can assist in bridging the “science–practice gap” allowing for appropriate flexibility and individualization, while also promoting the use of empirically supported and validated treatment approaches.
Topical Application of Insulin Accelerates Vessel Maturation of Wounds by Regulating Angiopoietin-1 in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Li Chaofei , Yu Tianyi , Liu Yan , Chen Xuelian , Zhang Xiong
Published: September 2015

Reestablishment of the structural and functional microvasculature would be beneficial to promote healing of diabetic wounds. We explored the role of insulin application on microvascular maturation of diabetic wounds to determine whether it is associated with insulin-induced wound healing. We adopted the multiple injections of streptozotocin (STZ) to establish a diabetic animal model. The effect of insulin on microvessel formation, especially the effect of insulin on microvascular maturation was observed by transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The pivotal protein regulated by insulin during healing processes was explored by tropical application neutralizing antibodies to these proteins; the specific protein was further confirmed using immunoblotting. On days 7 and 11, the blood vessel in insulin-treated wounds was surrounded by more α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing cells. The blockage of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), but not angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) or platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), resulted in reduced maturation of newly formed blood vessels despite the presence of insulin in vivo. Further analysis showed that insulin induced an increased expression of Ang-1. The blood vessels in insulin-treated wounds showing advanced coverage of pericytes and reconstruction of new vascular basement membrane suggest that insulin is a potent accelerator of microvascular maturation, which may be involved in the mechanisms of insulin-induced wound healing.