bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USGv6 Profile
Authors: Montgomery Doug , Carson Mark , Winters Timothy , Newcombe Michayla , Carlin Timothy
Published: November 2020

This profile establishes a basic taxonomy of IPv6 capabilities, defined in terms
of IETF specifications, resulting in specific capability labels for common network
functions and usage scenarios. The profile maps each such labeled capability to one or
more specific technical specifications, or parts of specifications. Each labeled
capability adopts by reference the normative requirements of the cited specifications.
In rare cases the profile may augment or modify the normative requirements of a base
specification. The defined capability labels effectively form a vocabulary for
expressing IPv6 requirements for, and documenting the IPv6 capabilities of, specific
products. It is expected that this profile, when combined with the USGv6 Test Program,
can facilitate the efficient adoption of IPv6 technologies in Federal information
systems.
USGv6 Test Program Guide
Authors: Montgomery Doug , Johnson Erica , Newcombe Michayla , Winters Timothy
Published: November 2020

This document outlines the form and function of the USGv6 Test Program. In
particular, it defines the components of the test program, their implementation and use.
This guide also defines the management process that will govern the future evolution of
the test program and how it will address and accommodate ever changing requirement sets
and product offerings.
USGv6 Test Methods:
Authors: Montgomery Doug , Johnson Erica , Newcombe Michayla , Winters Timothy
Published: November 2020

This document defines the scope of accreditation for the USGv6 Test Program,
including test method validation procedures, laboratory accreditation process and roles
of the accreditor.
La GRH socialement responsable d’une multinationale dans ses filiales malgache, camerounaise et tunisienne : une réponse aux tensions stratégiques et managériales ?
Authors: Apitsa Suzanne Marie , Ramboarison-Lalao Lovanirina , Gannouni Kais
Published: November 2020

Cette recherche qualitative explore le déploiement du volet social-RH des politiques RSE d’une banque multinationale dans ses filiales malgache, camerounaise et tunisienne. Au-delà des contingences africaines communes aux filiales étudiées, les résultats montrent que l’adoption d’une démarche « client-fournisseur » peut permettre de répondre efficacement aux aspirations sociales des employés et à celles des parties prenantes externes. L’analyse des résultats suggère d’actionner durablement en Afrique une approche hybride des pratiques à travers l’opérationnalisation d’une GRH socialement responsable, comprise et acceptée par les parties prenantes, comme un levier de bien-être, et in fine de performance sociale et économique.
African and Chinese Managerial Practices: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Abodohoui Alexis , Su Zhan , Bocco Bertrand Sogbossi , Chrysostome Elie
Published: November 2020

In recent years, China has become Africa’s most important economic partner. Chinese companies of all sizes and sectors bring investments, managerial know-how and entrepreneurial energy to all 54 African countries. China also plays host to the largest population of African migrants seeking business opportunities as well as African students in search of renowned universities. It is therefore useful to compare management practices between China and Africa. Through an analytical review, our study highlights the similarities and differences of management philosophies, managerial styles, networking, and entrepreneurship. This study helps strengthen knowledge of Chinese and African management styles and suggests directions for future studies that could ensure the success of the collaboration between China and Africa.
Specialization in Entry-Level Products: A Strategy for Industrial Development in Africa
Authors: Diaw Diadié , Lessoua Albert , Ndione Louis César
Published: November 2020

This article analyzes the potential of industrial development in Africa. Starting with the observation that the domestic demand in Africa is mainly oriented towards entry-level products, we explore the advantages of an industrialization strategy aimed at manufacturing these products. After identifying the determinants of specialization in entry-level products, we find that these product lines can play a fundamental role in the industrialization of Africa. It should also be noted that studies on entry-level products in Africa are quite rare; this study therefore opens up avenues for future research.
Modes de coordination et performance des relations client-fournisseur : l’effet modérateur des risques collaboratifs
Authors: Donada Carole , Mothe Caroline , Nogatchewsky Gwenaëlle
Published: November 2020

Cet article teste l’impact des modes de coordination formels et informels sur la performance des collaborations inter-organisationnelles en analysant l’effet modérateur des risques collaboratifs (étendue de la collaboration et dépendance). L’étude empirique sur 158 relations client-fournisseur dans l’industrie automobile française montre que les structures collaboratives et les pratiques de contrôle comme modes formels de coordination et la confiance comme mode informel sont positivement associés à la performance. L’effet modérateur de l’étendue de la collaboration sur la performance est significatif alors la dépendance n’a d’effet significatif que lorsque l’entreprise met en place en place des structures collaboratives.
Vers l’émergence d’une gouvernance territoriale régionale autochtone ? Parcours des Mi’gmaq de Gespeg pour transformer la gestion des forêts publiques de leur territoire ancestral au Québec, Canada
Authors: Blouin1 Denis , Bissonnette2 Jean-François , Bouthillier3 Luc
Published: November 2020

Les Mi’gmaq de Gespeg sont une communauté autochtone sans territoire attribué. Cette situation amplifie chez elle une volonté de réappropriation du territoire et de ses ressources présente chez les Premières Nations du Canada. Cette volonté s’est entre autres incarnée dans des ententes de cogestion forestière en terre publique avec le gouvernement du Québec. Pour comprendre ce processus transformatif, nous avons réalisé une étude de cas fondée sur une approche collaborative et partenariale avec les Mi’gmaq de Gespeg. Après avoir défini leurs attentes et leur vision face à la forêt, nous avons retracé leur contexte sociohistorique forestier, puis analysé leur cheminement en foresterie au cours des vingt dernières années, et plus particulièrement leur engagement dans la cogestion. Nous avons ensuite développé un cadre d’analyse de la gouvernance forestière, en identifiant plus particulièrement les conditions sur lesquelles la communauté peut agir pour concrétiser sa vision. Nous avons constaté que l’engagement de la communauté en foresterie semble un moyen mis de l’avant pour entamer la transformation de la gouvernance de son territoire forestier ancestral. Ce cheminement stratégique circonscrit par le cadre de la cogestion constituerait un passage vers une gouvernance territoriale autochtone à Gespeg, en cogestion avec des partenaires locaux, la communauté mig’maq y assumant un rôle d’entrepreneur institutionnel. Les Mi’gmaq de Gespeg exerceraient ainsi une fonction d’agent transformatif sur les conditions actionnables de la gouvernance des terres publiques vers l’atteinte de leur vision de gouvernance du territoire ancestral.
Entre lo internacional y lo nacional-étnico: los voluntarios judíos de Palestina y Argentina en la Guerra Civil española
Authors: Rein Raanan
Published: November 2020

La Guerra Civil Española provocó fuertes debates en todos los países de occidente. La opinión pública internacional liberal y de izquierdas se movilizó en favor de la Segunda República y los valores que supuestamente representaba: democracia, progreso y justicia social. El apoyo a la República se manifestó también se expresó a través de la decisión de decenas de miles de voluntarios de todo el mundo de viajar a la Península Ibérica y defender la República en las trincheras. Para analizar este fenómeno desde una perspectiva global, hay que tener en cuenta que el número de voluntarios judíos que se enrolaron en las Brigadas Internacionales fue muy elevado.

Aunque existe una bibliografía sobre los voluntarios europeos judíos o estadounidenses judíos, hay una conspicua ausencia en la historiografía en relación con los argentinos-judíos que lucharon en la Guerra Civil Española, y existen muy pocos trabajos sobre los voluntarios judíos que salieron de Palestina. Este artículo se enfoca en estos dos grupos y destaca algunas figuras judías que nos sirven para mejor entender el compromiso de miles de judíos con la República española.
To the question of choreographic interpretation of male images of W. Shakespeare’s drama of the later period “The Winter's Tale” in the eponymous ballet of C. Wheeldon
Authors: Khokhlova Daria
Published: November 2020

The subject of this article is the interpretation of male images from W. Shakespeare’s “The Winter’s Tale” by the choreographer C. Wheeldon in the context of its conceptual commonality with the literary original. The goal of this research is to determine the stage means and elements of choreographic language used by the choreographer for creation of male roles, as well as to draw ideological-imagery parallels with the original text. Methodological foundation of this study features the principles of critical analysis of text of the play along with the semantic analysis of choreography, developed in the scientific works of such theoreticians of ballet art as Lopukhov, Dobrovolskaya, Krasovskaya, Surits, Slonimsky. Comprehensive approach towards interpretation of the literary original on the modern ballet stage required  the analysis of such sources, as the English-language peer reviews of the world premiere of the ballet and video materials from the archives of the Royal Opera House in London and the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow. The author also applied the method of overt observation based on the personal experience of working with Wheeldon in Bolshoi Theatre, and accompanied by the analysis of rehearsals from the author's archive (over the period from March to April 2019). The author carried out a detailed semantic analysis of the stage interpretation and choreographic language of the male images of W. Shakespeare's play of the later period “The Winter's Tale” in the eponymous ballet of C. Wheeldon (which served as the key instrument for this research). The conclusion is made that the conceptual ground of Wheeldon’s interpretation of the male images is based on the Shakespeare’s text adapted to the realities of a stage performance.  He employs a wide array of plasticity and other innovative means of expression, applying an individual approach towards staging each male role.
Digital society in ethical-axiological context: from postmodern to hi-tech society
Authors: Suslov Alexey Viktorovich
Published: November 2020

The object of this research is the modern digital society as a new civilizational level in development of humanity. The subject of this research is the evolution of ethical values and principles in the context of transition from postindustrial stage to information society, as well as ethical aspect of implementation of digital technologies and artificial intelligence systems into the realm of social management. The article familiarizes the audience with the Chinese system of social score – the largest social experiment on the basis of digital technologies, as well as with the trends and prospects of digitalization process in modern Russia. Having analyzed the national and foreign experience, the author demonstrates the risks of hurried implementation of digital solutions based on artificial intelligence without extensive ethical examination, point out the contradiction between scientific-technological and economic freedom, and the need for limiting these freedoms for the sake of human welfare. The conclusion is made that despite all advantages, digital technologies bear the risks of unethical usage of personal data and violation of privacy. Turning data into the product as a means for gaining profit, difficulties of legal regulation and control thereof, makes a human extremely vulnerable in the new digital world. Therefore, in the process of collection and processing of data, as well as in creation of robotic systems based on artificial intelligence, it is essential to adequately assess the risks and formulate ethical restrictions, which should be taken into account in their design and exploitation.
Model of subjectivation in the philosophy of Pythagoreans
Authors: Rusakov Sergei Sergeevich
Published: November 2020

This article presents the analysis of the philosophy of Pythagoreans, dedicated to the search and conceptualization of the ideas of subjectivation. The goal of this research is to provide general characteristics to Pythagorean model of subjectivation, which was only partially described by M. Foucault in the writings on Ancient Greek “care of self’. The work employs the translated sources, in form of separate fragments of the compositions written by Pythagoreans, as well as a number of analytical works of Russian and foreign scholars. Considering the narrowness of available materials, the author does not intent to provide a comprehensive overview of the ideas of Pythagorean School, but emphasizes their special stance on subjectivity and personal becoming through a combination of spiritual practices. The scientific novelty consists in the attempt to describe the general ideas of Pythagoreans in the field of ethics, as well as formulate the Pythagorean model of subjectivation to fill the existing gams in M, Foucault’s works of later period. The following conclusions are formulated: it was established that not only ethical, but also political saturation of the history of Pythagoreanism is on par with the Socratian-Platonic model, characterized by Foucault as politically oriented (for example, thanks to analysis of “Alcibiades”); the four key techniques of self-care were derived and systematized; it was demonstrated that unlike Stoicism, Neo-Pythagoreanism did not adapt its doctrine in the field of ethics, and thus, did not receive due reflection in Hellenistic period of development of the “culture of self”.
Cultura do trote universitário: desafios que permanecem
Authors: Akerman Marco , Conchão Silmara
Published: November 2020

Introdução: Trotes são provações aplicadas aos novatos que entram na Universidade como ritual de iniciação. Desde 2010, a pesquisa “bulindo com a universidade” estuda o trote no curso de Medicina. Este estudo revelou as relações hierárquicas e de poder existentes entre os estudantes. Seus resultados desencadearam medidas adotadas em uma faculdade paulista. Relato: O presente artigo analisa que mudanças foram produzidas após seis anos de intervenções na cultura do trote. Em 2015, 89 ingressantes fizeram uma narrativa a partir da pergunta: “o que você viu, viveu e sentiu relacionado à sua recepção na faculdade?”. As respostas foram analisadas em cinco categorias temáticas. A maioria narrou que há muito incomodo causado pelo trote. Naturalizaram estes episódios e disseram que a hierarquia existente na Medicina sustenta esse tipo de tratamento. Conclusão: Essa posição hierárquica respalda e perpetua a relação de superioridade promovida pelos veteranos.
O impacto das condições bucais na qualidade de vida de cuidadores domiciliares de idosos e práticas em saúde bucal
Authors: Barbosa Liliane Cristina , Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Saliba Nemre Adas , Saliba Tânia Adas
Published: November 2020

Introdução: Identificar fatores relacionados à qualidade de vida constitui estratégia para as ações de suporte e acompanhamento da saúde da população. Objetivo: Avaliar as práticas em saúde bucal nos idosos, as condições clínicas de saúde bucal do cuidador e do idoso e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal dos cuidadores. Métodos: A saúde bucal foi avaliada em 388 participantes (194 cuidadores e 194 idosos) usando: índice dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPOD), uso e necessidade de próteses, instrumento Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) e questionário semiestruturado. Resultados: A maioria dos cuidadores (91,3%) adquiriu conhecimento em saúde bucal na prática diária, 33% realizava higiene bucal no idoso e 28% relatou ter dificuldades com esta atividade. Registrou-se CPOD 19,24 para cuidadores e 28,70 para idosos, ambos com predomínio do compo­nente perdido. Dos cuidadores, 57,73% usava prótese e dos idosos, 63,40%. A necessidade das próteses foi alta principalmente na mandíbula, respectivamente 34,54% e 51,55%. A associação entre OHIP-14 e a necessidade de prótese total evidenciou impacto nas dimensões incapacidades física e psicológica. A importância da religião associou-se a impactos nas dimensões desconforto psicológico e incapacidades física e psicológica. Os cuidadores com 60 anos ou mais apresentaram chance de 1,2 vezes maior de impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida quando comparados ao grupo de 20 a 60 anos. Conclusão: O impacto na qualidade de vida dos cuidadores foi minimizado pela presença de contextos culturais pouco valorativos de autocuidado associados à percepção positiva de saúde bucal, mesmo em condições clínicas precária.
A STATISTICAL THEORY OF BRITTLE FRACTURE
Authors: HSIN HSIU-SAN  ,   中国科学院
Published: November 2020

A statistical dislocation theory of brittle fracture of crystals is suggested. The process of brittle fracture is described as a stochastic process by which microcracks form, grow and propagate under very small plastic deformation. A differential equation describing this stochastic process is derived, and a statistical distribution function of microcrack size is obtained.A quantitative description of the important part played by the plastic deformation and work hardening and the number of active slip sources in the process of brittle fracture is given. In the past, the effect of plastic deformation was only ambiguously included in the conception of effective surface energy, and the effect of work hardening and the number of active slip sources had been neglected.The statistical distribution function of fracture strength is derived from statistical distribution function of microcrack size and the condition of microcrack propagation, and from which the criteria of brittle fracture, brittle strength and brittle-ductile transition temperature have been deduced.
DYSPROSIUM IODIDE LAMP AND ITS USE IN PHOTOENGRAVING
Authors: YANG YONG-XIANG  , WANG GUO-FU
Published: November 2020

The working principle, structure and characteristics of a dysprosium iodide lamp are described. It is a vapour discharge lamp containing a mixture of dysprosium iodide and halmium iodide. With a lifetime of 200 hours, its luminous efficiency is above 70 lumen/watt and its colour temperature 6000 K. Trial applications in photoengraving show that the dysprasium-iodide lamp, as compared with the carbon-arc lamp, has the virtues of higher brightness, smaller dimensions, and greater stability and cleanness. As a new type of light source it is expected to improve the art of photoengraving.
PROBABILITY OF PROMPT NEUTRON EMISSION FROM SPONTANEOUS FISSION OF Pu240
Authors: WANG YU-SHENG  , XU JING-CHENG
Published: November 2020

The probability distribution of prompt neutron number from the spontaneous fission of Pu240 has been measured by use of a spherical liquid scintillation detector 60 em in diameter. The experimental distribution can be well represented by a Gaussian distribution with σ=1.08. This result was compared with the experimental results of B. C. Diven, A. Hicks and J. W. Boldeman, and is in agreement with the semi-emperical theoretical distribution given by J. Terrel. The absolute efficiency of the detector for the fission neutron of Pu240 has been found to be 0.759 ± 0.011, based on the average number of prompt neutrons per fission for spontaneous fission of Pu240 v=2.154±0.028[5].
ON THE THEORY OF THERMIONIC EMISSION (Ⅲ)——A MODEL OF DYNAMICAL SURFACE EMISSION CENTERS
Authors: ZHANG EN-QIU
Published: November 2020

A dynamical surface emission center model which can explain all observed phenomena in thermionic cathodes is proposed. The emission comes from such an aggregate of atoms that the moving electrons may have momentarily highest energy and/or the attraction from the nuclei to these electrons is momentarily least. Excess barium is the source for supplying high energy electrons, while the oxygen may play a favorable or unfavorable role to emission depending upon its relative quantity and relative position in the aggregate. Although strontium, calcium, aluminate, tungstate, etc. are minor factors to emission, yet they may have some effect on the evaporation, migration, and transition of electrons etc.. The non-uniformity of emission in practical cathodes proves the existence of such centers, while their dynamical character exhibits instability of emission e.g. flicker noise.
DESIGN ANALYSIS FOR AN ORTHOGONAL-LOOP-COUPLING YIG TUNABLE FILTER
Authors: SHEN JUE-LIAN  , ZHANG PENG-XIANG  , MO YU-JUN
Published: November 2020

An orthogonal-loop-coupling YIG tunable filter is analyzed by using the equivalent circuit. By introducing a suitable expression for the self-inductance of the coupling loop, applicable formulae for designing multi-stage YIG filters are given. Using these formulae, an example for designing the two-stage filter is presented. Also, the influence of the parameters of the coupling loops on the passband response is analyzed for a single-stage YIG resonance filter.
Marketing Strategies of Leading Cotton Seed Companies in Telangana State
Authors: Jayasree Somannagari , Sivaramane N. , Radhika P. , Supriya K.
Published: November 2020

Marketing strategy is a long-term business plan of any organization with the fundamental  goal of achieving a sustainable competitive advantage by understanding the needs of   customers. This study also evaluates the perception of dealers towards the market mix  elements comprising product, price, promotion and place of the products and services of  competing brands. The study is conducted in southern part of Telangana State constituting Jogulamba Gadwal, Mahabubnagar and Rangareddy districts. The data is collected through    random sampling method covering dealers and number of farmers. Statistical tests like ANOVA, and tools like multidimensional scale were used in this study. The study revealed that most of the dealers are well educated, middle aged people with age group ranging between 30-40   years with the income of more than 7 lakhs per annum. The dealers data after the  application of statistical tools revealed that strategies applied by Kaveri, Rasi and  Nuziveedu are similar whereas the strategies applied by Tata Rallis and other brands like Ajith, Nidhi seeds are different from one another when the product, price, promotion and place elements are considered.
An Overview of Methods of Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Natural Medicinal Plant Products in Improved Traditional Medicine Research
Authors: Fonmboh Dobgima John , Abah Ejoh Richard , Fokunang Tembe Estella , Herve Bayaga , Teke Gerald Ngo , Rose Ngono Mballa , Borgia Njinkio Nono , Fokunang Lovet Benyella , Andrew Banin Nyuyki , Kaba Nubia , Bathelemy Ngameni , Ntungwen Fokunang Charles
Published: November 2020

Herbal plants are very important in traditional community use and enrich our plant biodiversity and conservation. Natural products are vital substances of traditional knowledge systems in complementary and alternative medicine, nutraceutical, food supplements, and pharmaceutical bioactive metabolites of new chemical entities. Bioactive secondary metabolites from herbal plants of different forms are main sources and provide major opportunities for drug active pharmaceuticals due to the diverse flora and fauna biodiversity that produces the necessary available chemical diversity. There has been an increasing popularity in phytochemical research within the high through put (HTS) screening programs in search of lead. Phytochemicals of herbal extracts for traditional uses contain various types of bioactive metabolites of pharmaceutical and pharmacotherapeutic nature, and many phytomedicines for different therapeutic areas have been derived from herbal products. This paper is aimed at giving an insight into the extraction, isolation, and characterization of the rich medicinal plant biodiversity of potential pharmaceutical importance and the major drawbacks and challenges in the extraction, isolation, and characterization of phytochemicals in plant extracts. Phytochemicals in medicinal plants have been studied with more emphasis on the extraction process which is a vital stage in the analysis of bioactive compounds in medicinal plant research. The advantages and disadvantages of the different extraction methods is important to discuss following the regulatory guidelines and different pharmacopoeia. The analysis of bioactive molecules in herbal products involves the applications of various phytochemical screening methods, and the use of chromatographic techniques such as TLC and HPLC, including in some cases the non-chromatographic methods like Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), immunoassay. This paper has been motivated by the challenges faced by most pharmacy students in data mining of information on phytochemical screening and testing of biological activities in projects related to herbal plants research. This write up is also geared towards providing students with information on the preclinical drug discovery process towards the formulation of an improved traditional medicine/ phytomedicine.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factors of Campylobacter coli Isolated from Chicken in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Bernadette Goualié Gblossi , Souleymane Bakayoko , Laure Konan Marie-Pierre
Published: November 2020

Aims: Campylobacters species are major causes of gastroenteritis in human. The main risk factor of infection is consumption of contaminated or by cross-contaminated poultry meat. The aims of this study were to analyze antimicrobial profile and virulence factors associated to Campylobacter coli isolated from chicken’s ceaca in commercial slaughter in Abidjan.

Methodology: A total of 336 chicken ceaca samples were collected from market of two municipality of Abidjan and were examined by conventional microbiological methods and molecular test using PCR. The antibiotic susceptibility tests of the isolates were determined by disk diffusion method the presence of virulence genes was examined using simple PCR method.

Results: From these samples, 210/336 (62.50%) were positives for Campylobacter. Among the isolates, 53 strains confirmed as C. coli by using PCR detection were used for phenotypic and genotypic analysis. Of these strains, 51/53 were positive for one or more antibiotics molecules tested. The highest rate of antimicrobial resistance was found for nalidixic acid 51/53 (96.22%), tetracyclin 49/53 (92.45%) and ciprofloxacin 38/53 (71.69%). Moreover, MDR including 3, 4, 5 and 6 antibiotics families was detected in 11/53 (20.75%) of isolates. On the other hand, detection of virulence gene shows presence of cadF gene in 86.01% of isolates while 82.21% were positive for the three cdt (A, B and C) genes.

Conclusion: We reported in this study the presence of high pathogenic Campylobacter coli contamination of the studied chickens. Molecular identification of the bacteria was performed and determination of high resistance to antimicrobials of the fluoroquinolone family was revealed.
Using the Differential Transform Method to Solve Non-Linear Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Madi Fadwa A. M. , Abdelwahid Fawzi
Published: November 2020

In this work, we reviewed the two-dimensional differential transform, and introduced the differential transform method (DTM). As an application, we used this technique to find approximate and exact solutions of selected non-linear partial differential equations, with constant or variable coefficients and compared our results with the exact solutions. This shows that the introduced method is very effective, simple to apply to linear and nonlinear problems and it reduces the size of computational work comparing with other methods.
Repurposing antitussive benproperine phosphate against pancreatic cancer depends on autophagy arrest
Authors: Zhang Huanyu , Zhang Zhe , Huang Yonghao , Qin Siyuan , Zhou Li , Weng Ningna , Liu Jiayang , Yang Mei , Zhang Xiaodian , Lu Yanda , Ma Lin , Zheng Shaojiang , Li Qifu
Published: November 2020

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common human malignancies worldwide and remains a major clinical challenge. Here, we found that benproperine phosphate (BPP), a cough suppressant, showed a significant anticancer effect on PC both in vitro and in vivo via the induction of autophagy‐mediated cell death. Mechanistic studies revealed that BPP triggered AMPK/mTOR‐mediated autophagy initiation and disturbed Ras‐related protein Rab‐11A (RAB11A)‐mediated autophagosome–lysosome fusion, resulting in excessive accumulation of autophagosomes. Inhibition of autophagy or overexpression of RAB11A partially reversed BPP‐induced growth inhibition in PC cells, suggesting that BPP might induce lethal autophagy arrest in PC cells. In conclusion, our results identify BPP as a potent antitumor agent for PC via the induction of autophagy arrest, therefore providing a new potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PC.
Anisotropic Resistivity Surfaces Produced in ITO Films by Laser‐Induced Nanoscale Self‐organization
Authors: Lopez‐Santos Carmen , Puerto Daniel , Siegel Jan , Macias‐Montero Manuel , Florian Camilo , Gil‐Rostra Jorge , López‐Flores Víctor , Borras Ana , González‐Elipe Agustín R. , Solis Javier
Published: November 2020

Highly anisotropic resistivity surfaces are produced in indium tin oxide (ITO) films by nanoscale self‐organization upon irradiation with a fs‐laser beam operating at 1030 nm. Anisotropy is caused by the formation of laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) extended over cm‐sized regions. Two types of optimized structures are observed. At high fluence, nearly complete ablation at the valleys of the LIPSS and strong ablation at their ridges lead to an insulating structure in the direction transverse to the LIPSS and conductive in the longitudinal one. A strong diminution of In content in the remaining material is then observed, leading to a longitudinal resistivity ρL ≈ 1.0 Ω·cm. At a lower fluence, the material at the LIPSS ridges remains essentially unmodified while partial ablation is observed at the valleys. The structures show a longitudinal conductivity two times higher than the transverse one, and a resistivity similar to that of the pristine ITO film (ρ ≈ 5 × 10−4 Ω·cm). A thorough characterization of these transparent structures is presented and discussed. The compositional changes induced as laser pulses accumulate, condition the LIPSS evolution and thus the result of the structuring process. Strategies to further improve the achieved anisotropic resistivity results are also provided.
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction for Vacancy‐Ordered i‐MXenes and the Impact of Proton Absorption into the Vacancies
Authors: Lind Hans , Wickman Björn , Halim Joseph , Montserrat‐Sisó Gerard , Hellman Anders , Rosen Johanna
Published: November 2020

A study of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for Mo‐, W‐, and Nb‐based MXenes is presented, where W1.33C MXene with ordered vacancies is chosen for further investigation. The electrochemical measurements show that if the W1.33C MXene is subjected to high cathodic potentials, it greatly improves the activity and onset potential for the HER. The enhancement continues to improve independent of whether the potential is kept fixed at a certain cathodic potential or if the potential is scanned repeatedly. Interestingly, the improvement disappears if the material is subjected to anodic potential. Based on these observations, the hydrogen interaction with the MXene surface as well as in the vacancies is investigated by means of first‐principles calculations. These show that the adsorption energy of hydrogen is sensitive to both surface coverage and vacancy occupancy, and that, for certain structures with hydrogen in the vacancies, thermoneutral values of hydrogen adsorption can be obtained. Based on the calculations it is argued that under high cathodic potentials, protons can transfer to the vacancies and stay there in a metastable state as hydrogen atoms, while at anodic potential the process is reversed. The first‐principles results provide a rationale for the strongly enhanced HER activity observed experimentally on W1.33C MXene.
Nanoscale Patterning of Carbon Nanotubes: Techniques, Applications, and Future
Authors: Corletto Alexander , Shapter Joseph G.
Published: November 2020

Carbon nanotube (CNT) devices and electronics are achieving maturity and directly competing or surpassing devices that use conventional materials. CNTs have demonstrated ballistic conduction, minimal scaling effects, high current capacity, low power requirements, and excellent optical/photonic properties; making them the ideal candidate for a new material to replace conventional materials in next‐generation electronic and photonic systems. CNTs also demonstrate high stability and flexibility, allowing them to be used in flexible, printable, and/or biocompatible electronics. However, a major challenge to fully commercialize these devices is the scalable placement of CNTs into desired micro/nanopatterns and architectures to translate the superior properties of CNTs into macroscale devices. Precise and high throughput patterning becomes increasingly difficult at nanoscale resolution, but it is essential to fully realize the benefits of CNTs. The relatively long, high aspect ratio structures of CNTs must be preserved to maintain their functionalities, consequently making them more difficult to pattern than conventional materials like metals and polymers. This review comprehensively explores the recent development of innovative CNT patterning techniques with nanoscale lateral resolution. Each technique is critically analyzed and applications for the nanoscale‐resolution approaches are demonstrated. Promising techniques and the challenges ahead for future devices and applications are discussed.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Alkylation of 2‐Arylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones with Cyclopropanols by Directing C‐H Activation and Ring Opening at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Chen Mu‐Wang , Lou Minhao , Deng Zhihong , Yang Qin , Peng Yiyuan
Published: November 2020

An efficient method was developed for the alkylation of 2‐arylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones with cyclopropanols. The desired products β‐aryl ketones bearing the quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one scaffold were synthesized by Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation of arenes and C−C cleavage of cyclopropanols. This method has a wide range of benzyl/phenyl substrate applicability and provides a theoretical guidance for our research to study quinazoline compounds.
Synthesis of Phosphinopeptides and Phosphinodepsipeptides
Authors: Xu Jiaxi
Published: November 2020

Both phosphinopeptides and phosphinodepsipeptides are important phosphorus analogues of naturally occurring peptides. They have been widely applied as biological active peptides, such as enzyme inhibitors, haptens for production of catalytic antibodies, and antibiotics. Synthetic methods of phosphinopeptides and phosphinodepsipeptides are reviewed and classified on the basis of the structural characteristics of aminoalkylphosphinic acids. This review focuses on the synthetic methods to phosphinopeptides and phosphinodepsipeptides, including α‐, β‐, and γ‐phosphinopeptides and α‐phosphinodepsipeptides.
ATN incorporating cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain detects frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Cousins Katheryn A.Q. , Phillips Jeffrey S. , Irwin David J. , Lee Edward B. , Wolk David A. , Shaw Leslie M. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Burke Sarah E. , Kinney Nikolas G. , Gibbons Garrett S. , McMillan Corey T. , Trojanowski John Q. , Grossman Murray
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The ATN framework provides an in vivo diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of pathologic amyloid plaques (A), tangles (T), and neurodegeneration (N). ATN is rarely evaluated in pathologically confirmed patients and its poor sensitivity to suspected non‐Alzheimer's pathophysiologies (SNAP), including frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), leads to misdiagnoses. We compared accuracy of ATN (ATNTAU) using CSF total tau (t‐tau) to a modified strategy (ATNNfL) using CSF neurofilament light chain (NfL) in an autopsy cohort.

Methods

ATNTAU and ATNNfL were trained in an independent sample and validated in autopsy‐confirmed AD (n = 67) and FTLD (n = 27).

Results

ATNNfL more accurately identified FTLD as SNAP (sensitivity = 0.93, specificity = 0.94) than ATNTAU (sensitivity = 0.44, specificity = 0.97), even in cases with co‐occurring AD and FTLD. ATNNfL misclassified fewer AD and FTLD as “Normal” (2%) than ATNTAU (14%).

Discussion

ATNNfL is a promising diagnostic strategy that may accurately identify both AD and FTLD, even when pathologies co‐occur.
Supramolecular Engineering Strategy to Construct BODIPY‐Based White Light Emission Materials
Authors: Li Fang‐Zhou , Zhou Liang‐Liang , Kuang Gui‐Chao
Published: November 2020

Two kinds of 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) dyads BDP‐OH containing 4‐hydroxystyrene groups and BDP‐PY bearing pyridinyl units were prepared. In addition, a naphthalene derivative NAP‐PY modified by pyridinyl moieties substituent was made. The above three dyads could be used to construct white‐light emission (WLE) material by a supramolecular engineering strategy due to their three primary colors of blue, green and red. The supramolecular correlations between the hydroxyl group of BDP‐OH and the pyridinyl groups of NAP‐PY and BDP‐PY were confirmed by 1H NMR titration, 2D NOESY and FTIR. A fluorescence monitor application was carried out based on the realization of WLE. This work might be useful for designing other WLE supramolecular systems and image display.
Metabolomics meets lipidomics: Assessing the small molecule component of metabolism
Authors: Gallart‐Ayala Hector , Teav Tony , Ivanisevic Julijana
Published: November 2020

Metabolomics, including lipidomics, is emerging as a quantitative biology approach for the assessment of energy flow through metabolism and information flow through metabolic signaling; thus, providing novel insights into metabolism and its regulation, in health, healthy ageing and disease. In this forward‐looking review we provide an overview on the origins of metabolomics, on its role in this postgenomic era of biochemistry and its application to investigate metabolite role and (bio)activity, from model systems to human population studies. We present the challenges inherent to this analytical science, and approaches and modes of analysis that are used to resolve, characterize and measure the infinite chemical diversity contained in the metabolome (including lipidome) of complex biological matrices. In the current outbreak of metabolic diseases such as cardiometabolic disorders, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolomics appears to be ideally situated for the investigation of disease pathophysiology from a metabolite perspective.
Ferritins in Chordata: Potential evolutionary trajectory marked by discrete selective pressures
Authors: Golan Maciej P. , Piłsyk Sebastian , Muszewska Anna , Wawrzyniak Agata
Published: November 2020

Ferritins (FTs) are iron storage proteins that are involved in managing iron‐oxygen balance. In our work, we present a hypothesis on the putative effect of geological changes that have affected the evolution and radiation of ferritin proteins. Based on sequence analysis and phylogeny reconstruction, we hypothesize that two significant factors have been involved in the evolution of ferritin proteins: fluctuations of atmospheric oxygen concentrations, altering redox potential, and changing availability of water rich in bioavailable ferric ions.

Fish, ancient amphibians, reptiles, and placental mammals developed the broadest repertoire of singular FTs, attributable to embryonic growth in aquatic environments containing low oxygen levels and abundant forms of soluble iron. In contrast, oviparous land vertebrates, like reptiles and birds, that have developed in high oxygen levels and limited levels of environmental Fe2+ exhibit a lower diversity of singular FTs, but display a broad repertoire of subfamilies, particularly notable in early reptiles.
Denial and minimization among sex offenders
Authors: Dietz Park
Published: November 2020

A review of empirical studies of offenders—particularly sex offenders, and more particularly those who offend against children—demonstrates that denial of offenses and minimization of offending behavior are quite common at every stage of the criminal justice process. This is true during police interviews, during pretrial and presentencing mental health evaluations, among incarcerated offenders, among offenders seeking treatment, among offenders facing parole review, and among offenders already released into the community. This review highlights gaps in the research literature arising from inconsistencies in the definitions and measurement of denial and minimization, from the stage of adjudication or treatment at which measurements are made, and from the use of polygraphy to increase disclosures. Despite these limitations on the generalizability of empirical findings, it appears beyond dispute that many sex offenders maintain their innocence in the face of evidence to the contrary or even criminal conviction, and that many are able to recite additional crimes they have committed when they believe it is in their self‐interest to do so.
Illuminating the dark figure of sexual recidivism
Authors: Abbott Brian R.
Published: November 2020

Detected or reported (“observed”) rates of sexual reoffending have long been recognized as underestimating the occurrence of actual sexual recidivism. Past attempts to bridge the gap between the two rates have been unsuccessful. Scurich and John try to reverse this course by presenting a simulation model to estimate the predicted actual sexual recidivism rates among individuals convicted of sexual offenses based on three parameters; they also apply these data to calibrate the sexual recidivism rates from four sexual recidivism studies. The accuracy of the predicted actual sexual recidivism rates is wholly dependent upon the reliability of the inputs to the model. This analysis relies upon scientific studies and literature to delve into the precision of the parameters of Scurich and John in relation to the accuracy of their predicted actual sexual recidivism rates and the validity of the calibration process. The results reveal that some of the assumptions by Scurich and John about the parameters are supported empirically, while others are not. Overall, the simulation model parameters suffer from significant deficiencies that likely produce inaccurate predicted actual sexual recidivism rates. Moreover, the methodologies of the comparison studies used in the calibration process do not actually meet the requirements of the analytic strategy of Scurich and John, which effectively invalidates their findings. Until computational strategies are employed that account for linear and nonlinear effects of model parameters, closing the gap between observed and actual sexual recidivism rates will remain elusive.
Dissolution and Shrinking of a Single Microbubble in Stationary Liquid with Surfactants
Authors: Fujioka Satoko , Mizuno Kanako , Terasaka Koichi
Published: November 2020

For a variety of applications of microbubbles, it is necessary to clarify the dissolution dynamics and the lifetime of a microbubble. Although various models have been proposed, predicting the dissolution rate of a microbubble in a static fluid with a surfactant is still difficult. In this study, dissolution behavior was predicted with taking into account the mass transfer inhibition effect due to a surfactant at the bubble surface. The shrinking behavior of an oxygen microbubble was observed with several surfactants and the experimental results were in good agreement with model predictions.
The Effects of Prodrug Size and a Carbonyl Linker on l‐Type Amino Acid Transporter 1‐Targeted Cellular and Brain Uptake
Authors: Venteicher Brooklynn , Merklin Kasey , Ngo Huy X. , Chien Huan‐Chieh , Hutchinson Keino , Campbell Jerome , Way Hannah , Griffith Joseph , Alvarado Cesar , Chandra Surabhi , Hill Evan , Schlessinger Avner , Thomas Allen A.
Published: November 2020

The l‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5) imports dietary amino acids and amino acid drugs (e. g., l‐DOPA) into the brain, and plays a role in cancer metabolism. Though there have been numerous reports of LAT1‐targeted amino acid‐drug conjugates (prodrugs), identifying the structural determinants to enhance substrate activity has been challenging. In this work, we investigated the position and orientation of a carbonyl group in linking hydrophobic moieties including the anti‐inflammatory drug ketoprofen to l‐tyrosine and l‐phenylalanine. We found that esters of meta‐carboxyl l‐phenylalanine had better LAT1 transport rates than the corresponding acylated l‐tyrosine analogues. However, as the size of the hydrophobic moiety increased, we observed a decrease in LAT1 transport rate with a concomitant increase in potency of inhibition. Our results have important implications for designing amino acid prodrugs that target LAT1 at the blood‐brain barrier or on cancer cells.
Image Recording and Processing Chemical Synthesis: Method Description and Demonstration
Authors: Sousa David M. , Carlos Lima João , Ferreira Isabel
Published: November 2020

The reproducibility of chemical synthesis is of crucial importance for both chemical industry and research. The development of simple yet robust methods and algorithms that generate a set of data to help the community access their method's reproducibility is desirable. We report a method for obtaining, processing and analyzing recorded images, using scripting language Python 3, from any camera that allows continuous visualization and recording of a chemical synthesis. The method can be used to assert synthesis reproducibility, to capture reaction events that might elude the naked eye and later be isolated in posterior reactions, to refine synthesis parameters such as temperature, microwave power and time and also to understand chemical reactions during synthesis. The method was exemplified with two microwave‐assisted synthesis, zinc sulfide and silver sulfide, processed at our lab and applied to videos from other authors.