bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
World order transformation: economy, ideology, technology
Authors: Dynkin A.A.
Published: September 2024

The article considers macro-trends and short-term trends in the transformation of the world order. The author introduces the classification of international relations systems and proposes an interpretation of the patterns according to which they change. The author evaluates the historical dynamics of the balance of economic and military power of states, the influence of technological progress, demographic trends, and ideologies on the architecture of the upcoming post-unipolar world order. Its contours are determined by a contradictory set of factors leading towards multipolarity but also a new bipolarity.
Permainan ular tangga gizi seimbang sebagai media edukasi anak prasekolah di Kecamatan Suruh Kabupaten Trenggalek
Authors: Zahro Nimas Dewi Aninatus , Katmawanti Septa , Samah Dea Aflah , Wahyuni Oktavia Sri , Amira Muthia Yasmin , Fitriani Amelia Salsabila , Safira Revina , Desandyansyah Salmania Khnsa’ Nabila
Published: September 2024

Permasalahan gizi pada anak usia dini yang saat ini masih menjadi prioritas di wilayah Kecamatan Suruh, Kabupaten Trenggalek adalah stunting. Stunting merupakan kondisi kekurangan gizi yang dapat terjadi sejak bayi masih dalam kandungan dan berdampak pada gangguan tumbuh kembang anak yang dapat mengakibatkan kematian dini pada anak. Oleh karena itu dilakukan kegiatan edukasi dalam mencegah stunting pada anak di TA Al-Hidayah, Kecamatan Suruh.  Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah permainan ular tangga gizi yang dapat menstimulasi siswa untuk aktif selama pemberlajaran. Permainan ular tangga gizi juga dimodifikasi disertai dengan kegiatan penyuluhan gizi seimbang kepada anak. Peserta kegiatan terdiri dari 22 anak yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yang dipandu oleh dua anggota tim Abdimas. Kegiatan dikakukan dengan 3 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan. Monitoring dan evaluasi kegiatan bersama kepala sekolah dan guru di TA Al-Hidayah agar tetap dapat memantau tumbuh kembang anak selama di sekolah. Selama kegiatan berlangsung anak-anak sangat bersemangat dan excited terhadap ular tangga gizi yang digunakan dalam upaya pengenalan gizi seimbang. Sehingga harapannya dapat menghasilkan perubahan perilaku pada anak usia dini di wilayah Kecamatan Suruh, Kabupaten Trenggalek.
Ekolojik Modernleşmeye İklim Değişikliği ve “Çevresel Ayak İzleri” Üzerinden Bakmak
Authors: Bulut Gökhan , Özer Mehmet Akif
Published: September 2024

Günümüzde iklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınma, kamuoyu gündeminde ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Son bilimsel veriler, insan faaliyetlerinin iklim üzerinde ciddi olumsuz etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Dünyada görülen sıcaklık artışları, buzulların erimesi, deniz seviyesinin yükselmesi, kasırgalar, tayfunlar, seller gibi beklenmedik felaketlere yol açan hava olayları, ekosistemlerde ve biyoçeşitlilikte yaşanan sorunlar, karbon emisyonları gibi artırılacak birçok gelişme, insanoğlunun ekolojik modernleşme sürecinde acil çözümler geliştirmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu süreçte bilim insanları ve çevre örgütleri hem bireysel hem de toplumsal düzeyde daha fazla çaba gösterilmesi gerektiğini sürekli vurgulamaktadırlar. Bu çalışmanın odak noktasında yer alan Ekolojik Modernleşme Kuramı, bu süreçte çevresel koruma ve ekonomik büyümenin birbirine karşıt değil, aksine birbirini destekleyen süreçler olduğu görüşünü savunarak, adeta yaşanan ikilemlere yapıcı çözüm önerileri getirmektedir. Ekolojik sorunların modern teknolojiler ve inovasyonlar kullanılarak çözülebileceğini ve bu süreçte ekonomik kalkınmanın da yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları üzerinden sürdürülebilir hale getirilebileceğini savunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu kapsamda Ekolojik Modernleşme Kuramı ana hatları ile ele alınmış, kuramın temel özellikleri ve ilkeleri, öncülleri, temel öngörüleri ve uygulamaları incelenmiştir. Ardından küresel aktörlerin ekolojik modernleşme sürecinde faaliyetleri kısaca değerlendirilmiş, bu sürecin Türkiye’ye etkisi tartışılmıştır. Çalışmanın son kısmında ise küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği ile ilgili kısa bilgiler verildikten sonra ekolojik modernleşme kapsamında çevresel ayak izleri, ekolojik ve karbon ayak izleri özelinde ele alınmıştır.
Early surgical outcomes of children with mechanical intestinal obstruction at Moi teaching and referral hospital, Kenya
Authors: Agade Ivy W. , Saula Peter W. , Maiyo Francis
Published: September 2024

Background: Intestinal obstruction constitutes the largest proportion of abdominal surgical emergencies in the paediatric and adult patients in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Kenya. It is associated with high postoperative surgical complication and mortality rate in low resource healthcare systems.
Methods: A prospective mixed methods study with consecutive sampling procedure was carried out from September 2021 to June 2023. Pediatric patients from birth to 14 years, with mechanical intestinal obstruction were included in the study. Categorical data was analyzed in frequencies and percentages and continuous data was analyzed using measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. Bivariate and multivariate associations between the dependent and independent variables were assessed with a p value of less than 0.05 being statistically significant.
Results: The final study population was 318 participants. Majority of participants were male with neonates comprising almost one third of participants. Classical symptoms were present in a majority of patients at initial presentation. Intussusception (34.6%) was the leading acquired aetiology of paediatric mechanical intestinal obstruction. Operative surgical management was in 94.6% of participants. Surgical complications were present in 61.1% of participants. The commonest surgical complication was surgical site infection in 16.9%. Overall mortality rate was 10.2% with 23.3% among neonates and 4.9% in older children. Referral status was statistically associated with mortality (p<0.001). Intestinal atresia had the highest case-specific mortality rate. Age, presence of comorbidity were factors associated to postoperative complications and mortality (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The overall mortality rate was 10.2%. A higher mortality was seen among neonates compared to older children.
Risk profile and thromboprophylaxis practices among patients undergoing laparotomy at Moi teaching and referral hospital
Authors: Dennis Njeri N. , Wandera Andrew O. , Simiyu John T.
Published: September 2024

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) significantly causes hospital mortality worldwide, with abdominal surgery a risk factor. Venous thromboprophylaxis can reduce VTE risk, but has adverse effects. Local research on risk profile and practice helps individualize thromboprophylaxis and develop local protocols.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted at Moi teaching and referral hospital (MTRH) on adult laparotomy patients. The minimal sample size was 325 patients, using consecutive sampling. DVT was assessed using Well's score perioperatively, 2 weeks and 4 weeks postoperatively. A lower limb Doppler ultrasonography was performed on patients with a score of 2 or greater to rule out DVT.
Results: The mean age of study participants was 38 years, with a 1.5:1 male-to-female ratio. Infection in the abdomen was the main reason for laparotomy. All procedures were open, and 75.4% of individuals had high or moderate VTE risk. Within 72 hours, 82.7% of patients were mobilized. Chemoprophylaxis was limited to enoxaparin post-op. Enoxaparin duration was unstandardized, and MTRH VTE risk categorization chart use was not reported. 3% of individuals received chemoprophylaxis against ACCP guidelines and 12% received enoxaparin despite contraindications. Only 13% and 24% of intermediate and high-risk patients got chemoprophylaxis. No mechanical prophylaxis was used. Symptomatic DVT was 6.8%. Advanced age, Caprini score, and enoxaparin prescription increased symptomatic DVT risk.
Conclusions: Despite increased laparotomies for intra-abdominal infection and middle-aged patients, VTE is common in MTRH patients. Poor VTE risk stratification and MTRH protocol failure led to improper thromboprophylaxis. Prescribers should employ MTRH VTE regimen for proper prophylaxis. Providing prescribers with thromboprophylaxis choices to customize prescriptions.
A comparative analysis of the accuracy of cardiac surgery risk scores in tricuspid valve procedures undertaken in the republic of Georgia
Authors: Kumar Yash Sailesh , Surve Nameera Zaheer , Gelasvili Daviti , Mamisashvili Mariam , Jorbenadze Mariami , Vashakidze Nika
Published: September 2024

Background: Tricuspid valve (TV) surgeries present significant challenges marked by elevated risk and mortality rates. Despite the application of established risk scores like ACEF-II, EuroSCORE-II, and Hannan EL et al's risk stratification (HRS), their accuracy in predicting mortality rates for these procedures in a third-world setting remains under-researched. This study sought to assess the predictive performance and overall accuracy of these risk scores in the context of TV surgeries performed in the Republic of Georgia.
Methods: A cohort of 63 patients who underwent TV procedures was retrospectively analyzed. ACEF-II, EuroSCORE-II, and HRS were applied and run through statistical analysis to assess their predictive capabilities.
Results: ACEF-II demonstrated an accuracy rate of 58.7%, an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.819, and an expected-to-observed mortality ratio of 0.16. EuroSCORE-II exhibited an accuracy rate of 61.9%, an AUC of 0.866, and an expected-to-observed mortality ratio of 0.17. The HRS demonstrated an accuracy rate of 65.1%, an AUC of 0.882, and an expected-to-observed mortality ratio of 0.35.
Conclusion: While the risk scores show promise, our study highlights their limitations in accurately predicting mortality rates of TV surgeries by underestimating them and emphasizes the need for refinement or the development of risk scores tailored specifically to TV procedures in third-world countries.
Observation of magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis and post operative findings in cases of rectal carcinoma
Authors: Tanjum Tasmia , Islam M. Sarower , Saha Papri , Imran Ahmed , Bhowmik Ratan Chandra , Sharmin S. M. Ferdous Jahan Begum , Rahman Mohammad Sabidur , Hossain M. Altaf
Published: September 2024

Background: Colorectal carcinoma, the most common malignancy within the gastrointestinal tract, ranks second in cancer-related fatalities across Western Europe and the United States, with approximately one quarter of cases located in the rectum. The purpose of this study was to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and analyze postoperative outcomes in the pelvic region of patients diagnosed with rectal carcinoma. The aim of this study was to observe MRI findings and postoperative outcomes in the pelvic region of patients diagnosed with rectal carcinoma.
Methods: This cross-sectional study at Dhaka medical college hospital spanned 24 months from July 2021 to June 2023, involving 90 patients with provisional rectal carcinoma diagnoses. Patients underwent MRI using the Hitachi Echelon 1.5 T MR system™ for assessment of lesion site, tumor characteristics, lymph node involvement, and local organ status. Histopathological evaluation followed the WHO grading system and AJCC TNM classification, 8th edition. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23.0 with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: In 90 patients with rectal carcinoma, common comorbidities included diabetes (30%) and hypertension (23.3%). MRI showed mid-rectal tumors (47.8%), mainly hypointense on T1WI (81.1%) and hyperintense on T2WI (96.7%). Tumor staging identified T2 in 36.7% and lymph node involvement (N0) in 50.0%. About 38.9% patients were found in T2 staging and 53.3% patients in N0 group identified by histopathology.
Conclusions: MRI findings in rectal carcinoma correlate well with histopathology, underscoring MRI's clinical utility and suggesting potential for enhancing diagnostic accuracy in future research.
Clinicopathological evaluation of the terminal end of the distal rectal pouch and fistula site in anorectal malformation
Authors: Kushwaha Renu , Kushwaha Santosh , Singh Nirbhay , Saxena Rakesh , Mitra Shaila , Mathur Sujeet Kumar
Published: September 2024

Background: The aim is to assess the clinicopathological evaluation of the terminal end of the distal rectal pouch and fistula site in anorectal malformation (ARM).
Methods: This study was conducted on patients who attended the surgery OPD and included 40 cases of ARMs over a 12-month period. All cases were admitted to the department of surgery at B. R. D. medical college, Gorakhpur, UP.
Results: Out of 40 cases studied 22 cases (55%) were female and 18 cases (45%). Out of total 40 cases, recto-bulbourethral fistula shown by 8 male patient (20%), recto-prostatic fistula shown by 8 male patient (20%), and recto-bladder neck fistula shown by 2 male patient (5%) out of total 18 male patient (45%) of total cases. Recto-vestibular fistula shown by 7 female patient (17.5%), ano-vestibular fistula by 11 male patient (27.5%), low rectovaginal fistula shown 3 female patient (7.5%), and no fistula shown by 1 female patient (2.5%) out of total 22 female patient (55%). In our study wound infection (5 cases) 12.5%, excoriation (5 cases) 12.5 %, constipation and bleeding (2 case) 5% were noted, no complication seen in 65% cases. All of them were treated conservatively followed by anal dilatation.
Conclusions: Histopathological variations in the distal rectal pouch and fistula site of ARMs have led to differing opinions on whether to preserve or excise the fistula site. Our study found that 45% of patients had a smooth muscle layer present in the histopathological examination.
A prospective study comparing intra-operative and postoperative complications in totally extra peritoneal repair vs extended totally extra peritoneal for inguinal hernia
Authors: Aggarwal Priyesh , Kochar Mahinder Pal , Sharma Brijesh Kumar , Bansal Aayush , Sharma Sweksha
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common surgical procedures worldwide. Total extra peritoneal repair (TEP) and Extended-TEP (eTEP) are widely used minimally invasive methods. TEP involves creating a space in the preperitoneal plane without entering the abdominal cavity, whereas eTEP extends this approach, allowing for a broader operative field.This study compares the intra-operative and postoperative complications of TEP and eTEP, contributing to the optimisation of inguinal hernia management.
Methods: It is a prospective study. A total of 60 patients who underwent TEP and e-TEP for inguinal hernia, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patients were randomised by simple random sampling technique and were divided into two groups of 30 each (group A-TEP and group B-eTEP). Data of both groups were compared and analysed for statistical significance using Chi square test and Student ‘t’ test.
Result: The comparative analysis between TEP and eTEP procedures shows no significant differences in demographic parameters. However, eTEP demonstrates significantly shorter operative time and hospital stay, quicker return to work. Both procedures have similar rates of low intra-operative and postoperative complications, indicating comparable safety profiles.
Conclusion: Our study suggest that both techniques are associated with low complication rates and good patient outcomes, with eTEP showing potential advantages in terms of pain, recovery and wider access. These findings help to take better surgical decision, to make and helped optimize patient care in inguinal hernia management.
Correlation between radiological imaging and histopathological findings in patients with breast lump
Authors: Sharma Sweksha , Kochar Mahinder Pal , Sharma Brijesh Kumar , Bansal Aayush , Aggarwal Priyesh
Published: September 2024

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, after lung cancer. Early detection via routine screening is crucial, as not all breast lumps are cancerous and benign lumps do not always progress to cancer. To improve diagnostic accuracy, a triple assessment approach is used, combining radiological imaging, pathological diagnosis, and clinical examination. Techniques such as mammography, ultrasonography, and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are key to this evaluation. This study assesses the breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS) scoring system’s diagnostic accuracy by comparing radiological techniques with histopathological findings.
Methods: The study involved 100 patients with breast lumps, categorised into three groups based on BIRADS scores: group A (BIRADS I-III), group B (BIRADS IV), and group C (BIRADS V). Data analysis using chi-square and student’s t tests were done.
Results: In our study we found that accuracy of BIRADS score: sensitivity: 88.9%, specificity: 89.5%, positive predictive value: 97.3%, negative predictive value: 65.4% and diagnostic accuracy: 81%.
Conclusions: The study demonstrated a high incidence of fibroadenoma (66%), others (3%) as benign cases and invasive ductal carcinoma (31%) malignant cases. The study highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and targeted screening, especially in high-risk groups such as postmenopausal women and those with a family history of breast cancer. The findings affirm the high sensitivity and specificity of the BIRADS system as a valuable diagnostic tool.
Ruptured mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm in the setting of an adjacent perinephric abscess
Authors: Schaal Alexandar , Hassanesfahani Maryam , Mutyala Manikyam
Published: September 2024

Arterial aneurysms are most commonly present due to progressive vessel wall injury. They may then act as a nidus for bacterial seeding that can lead to the formation of a mycotic aneurysm in 2.5% of all abdominal aneurysms, which is associated with high mortality. Management of mycotic aortic aneurysm has been challenging always. Here we present a rare case of a ruptured mycotic aneurysm secondary to contiguous extension of a perinephric abscess. The patient required emergent surgery and underwent reconstruction of the aorta using a Dacron graft with a good 18 months outcome.
Iatrogenic small bowel perforation during elective laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay meshplasty leading to intraoperative change of plan: a case report with review of literature
Authors: Kalyanbhai Ravi , Joshi Abhijit
Published: September 2024

Iatrogenic bowel injury during any surgery, be it open or laparoscopic; is associated with significant morbidity. Moreover, if the said injury occurs in a surgery in which a foreign material is planned to be implanted in the patient’s body as a prosthesis e.g., hernia surgery; the surgical team may have to deviate from its original plan of action. Even in the best of hands, iatrogenic bowel trauma can occur inspite of following best recommended practices. This usually occurs in the setting of dense adhesions of bowel to the parietes. Herein, we present one such case of a 72-year-old lady who was planned for laparoscopic incisional mesh hernioplasty, but had to be subjected to an intraoperative change in plan, due to iatrogenic enterotomy.
Working memory capacity in children with early and late cochlear implantation: a P300 evaluation
Authors: Puri Nishtha , Shubhadarshan Archisman
Published: September 2024

Background: Cochlear Implant helps in improving hearing sensitivity, speech perception and production, cognitive abilities, and enhances academic performances, peer relationships and quality of life. Hearing impaired individuals has reduced working memory capacity and working memory depends on the ability of hearing and processing of information to the brain. P300 act as an electrophysiological test to assess the working memory capacity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of age of cochlear implant on working memory capacity.
Method: A total of 30 participants were included in this study, which were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 15 individuals who had done cochlear implant (CI) before 3 years of age. In Group 2, 15 subjects were included who had done their CI after 3 year of age and before 6 years of age. P300 was carried out among these individuals using speech stimulus and the result was compared between groups.
Result: The t test value for P300 amplitude (t:10.34, p<0.05) and latency (t:4.66, p<0.05) indicate that there are statistically significant differences exist between the two groups in terms of P300 amplitude and latency. From the mean value we can conclude that early-implanted individuals have higher amplitude and shorter latency compared to late-implanted individuals.
Conclusion: The results of this study have significant ramifications for how the therapeutic strategy for kids with congenital hearing loss is planned. It highlights the need of early action and the crucial timeframe. It assesses the neuromodulation of the brain's auditory regions directly and connects it to the implanted age.
Role of reflux symptom index score in diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux
Authors: Saleem Thasneem , Narayanan Nivee , Pavithran Ashila , Kizhakkethil Ramachandran , Jacob Amal John , K. K. Adheela Nusrin
Published: September 2024

Background: The retrograde flow of gastric contents to the upper aero digestive tract is known as laryngo pharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). Diet and lifestyle play a huge role in the pathophysiology of LPR.
Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study in the Department of ENT, KMCT, Kozhikode. 291 Patients were selected from those who presented to the OPD with throat symptoms who scored >10 in a questionnaire (Reflux symptom Index) that was provided and were advised to undergo video laryngoscopy and their reflux finding score (RSI)was calculated. LPRD prevalence, RSI/Reflux Findings Score (RFS) correlations, and clinical/ laryngoscopic (video laryngoscopy) associations were analyzed.
Results: LPRD prevalence was 68.7%, higher in females (60.1%) and the 41-50 age group (31.3%). Increased spicy food/caffeine intake and shorter dinner-bedtime intervals were significantly associated. Heartburn/indigestion was the most common symptom, with RSI mean 12.94±2.26. Erythema/hyperaemia was the most frequent laryngeal finding, with RFS mean 8.47±2.40. RSI and RFS scores significantly correlated.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates a high LPRD prevalence among patients with throat symptoms, particularly in females aged 41-50 and influenced by dietary/lifestyle factors. RSI effectively identified LPRD in this resource-constrained setting, highlighting its diagnostic value. These findings provide valuable insights for managing and further investigating LPRD.
A study on impact of tinnitus masking on psychophysical and tinnitus tuning curve in participants with hearing impairment suffering from severe tinnitus
Authors: Hens Meghna , Chatterjee Indranil , Shatapathy Pragati , Kumar Suman
Published: September 2024

Background: Tinnitus can be treated by using different pedagogies of management approaches in which tinnitus masking has been acclaimed most evidence-based approach. Psychophysical tuning curve and tinnitus tuning curve explored as least interested procedures in tinnitus research. This noteworthy but nonspecific psychophysical domain may throw a light on need of the present research. Aim of the study was to find out the effect of tinnitus masking on Psychophysical tuning curve and tinnitus tuning curve.
Method: A total of 30 native Bengali speaking participants were included in this study, having mean age of 45.9 years and SD was 6.46. All the participants had unilateral subjective tinnitus with Mild to Moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss. Quasi-experimental research design was used. Dual channel audiometer (MAICO MA 53) with supra-aural TDH 39 headphone was used for psychoacoustic measurements of tinnitus (including pitch matching, loudness matching, minimum masking level etc.) and to provide tinnitus masking therapy. MATLAB version 9.5 was used to develop noise to assess PTC and TTC using Sennheiser HD 201 headphone routed through MAICO MA 53 audiometer via stereo jack and cable. Tinnitus masking therapy was carried out for 30 sessions by using regimen of MML +20 dB of masking level for 30 minutes duration for each session with matched pitch. PTC and TTC were measured before and 30 sessions-after tinnitus masking therapy. PTC was measured using 1000 Hz pure tone at 10 dBSLl as reference followed by four narrow band noise with centre frequency of 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz pertaining to 312 Hz band width as developed by MATLAB software. TTC was measured using the same noise with reference to matched tinnitus pitch. All the above-mentioned conditions forced choice procedure was carried out in dBHL frame work.
Results: Wilcoxon sign rank test was used at 95% confidence level to check the influence of tinnitus masking therapy on PTC and TTC measures. Significant changes were portrayed at 1000 Hz and 4000 Hz respectively in PTC measure and at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz respectively in TTC measures.
Conclusion: This study preliminarily provides information regarding influence on tinnitus pitch domains which has been psychoacoustically systematically measured as PTC and TTC. These two psychoacoustic signatures may be treated as prognostic biomarker of tinnitus management in future using replicable research using different methodology or using statistical basis of data mining. At that point conclusive remarks may not throw a clear indication based on the results found in this study.
Parotid secretory carcinoma: a rare entity in a young patient
Authors: Rusli Muhammad F. , Lim Sin W.
Published: September 2024

Secretory carcinoma (SC) of the parotid gland is a rare malignancy of the head and neck that presents almost equally in both genders with the average age of presentation in the mid-40. SC is often misdiagnosed as salivary acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) as they share similar pathological morphology which is difficult to differentiate based on staining alone. We present a case of a 22-year-old female with this uncommon pathology who underwent subtotal parotidectomy after a conflicting provisional diagnosis of a benign tumor based on cytology and CT scan reporting possible malignancy involving the deep parotid lobe. It was later confirmed as SC on histopathology examination.
A rare presentation of nasopharyngeal mass: a case report
Authors: Velayutham Prabu , Selvan Senbagadevi S. , Anbumani Anbulavanya , Palani Vignesh
Published: September 2024

A Thornwaldt's cyst develops in the nasopharynx, which is the region where the throat and nasal passageways converge, extending from the back of the nasal tube to above the soft palate. A painful throat, obstruction of the eustachian tube, and pus with an unpleasant taste and odour might result from an infection of the cyst. Here in our study, we report a case of a 27-year-old male presented with symptoms of nasal obstruction and voice change for the past 1 year. On zero-degree endoscopic examination, a nasopharyngeal mass was seen arising from the roof of the nasopharynx without bony erosion of skull base. Further based on his radiological investigations, heterogeneous hyperintense lesion in T1/T2 weighted images of size 5×5 mm noted in nasopharynx most likely to be the Thornwaldt’s cyst. Thus, the surgical removal of the nasopharyngeal mass has been performed through a transoral and trans nasal endoscopic technique with no remnants at the surgical site. The histopathological findings revealed respiratory-type epithelium with underlying lymphoid tissue confirming Thornwald’s cyst as diagnosis. The patient was discharged with no complications and have been periodically advised for a follow-up. The differential diagnosis should include a meningocele or meningo-encephalocele. Various therapeutic approaches, including endoscopic, transoral, or trans palatal surgical interventions, can be used for treatment of symptomatic cysts.
A neglected case of chronic suppurative otitis media presented with a chest wall abscess
Authors: Chouhan Mahendra , Gupta Ruchika , Solanki Bharti , Dhakar Preeti
Published: September 2024

The objective of the study was to present a neglected case of chronic suppurative otitis media presented to us with a chest wall abscess. We encountered a case of complicated chronic suppurative otitis media in a 16-year-old male, who presented with abscess extending from the mastoid region up to the ipsilateral chest. Incision and drainage of the chest wall and mastoid abscess was under local anesthesia and approximately 250 ml pus was collected. The patient was given intravenous injections of meropenem and regular dressings. Right modified radical mastoidectomy with type 3 tympanoplasty was performed under general anesthesia after four weeks. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 6. The case is an eye-opener as having several complications at the time of presentation that reflects inattention at the community level health provider and patient. Through this article, we emphasis on early diagnosis and proper management of disease so as to avoid life-threatening complications. High index of suspicion and timely intervention is needed for any patient presenting with neck or chest swelling as it may be a complication of COM.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of vocal cord causing “pseudo-palsy”
Authors: Solav Shrikant V. , Jagtap Rajlaxmi R. , Savale Shailendra V. , Bharadwaj Reena , R. Chethana
Published: September 2024

Non epithelial lesion of vocal cord is identified as vocal cord palsy/ impaired movement without obvious mucosal ulceration. There are several nonepithelial lesions of vocal cord. Lymphoma, plasmacytoma, liposarcoma, lipoma, myxofibrolipoma, hemangioma, rhabdomyosarcoma are amongst the important differential diagnosis. These tumors occur in the submucosal layer of larynx and hence the mucosa appears intact at endoscopy. The lesions are typical non circumscribed, and invasion of adjoining structures helps in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Presented here is a case of vocal cord (pseudo) palsy who underwent an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG PET CT) scan which revealed a hypermetabolic trans glottic soft tissue lesion. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of Extra-nodal High Grade Diffuse Large B Cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (DLBCL NHL).
Sebaceous carcinoma of nasal ala: a case report
Authors: Tripuraneni Satish C. , Valisetty Arni S. , Katireddy Vyshnavi , Akkineni Anusha , Pamulapati Sri V.
Published: September 2024

Nasal sebaceous carcinoma is an extremely rare adnexal skin tumor representing 0.2%-4.6% of all malignant neoplastic cutaneous lesions. It is seen most affecting the meibomian glands in the periocular region. Here we share a case of 65-year-old female patient with nasal mass over the right alar region, diagnosed as sebaceous carcinoma and managed with wide local excision of the mass was done defect was reconstructed with a nasolabial flap. Sebaceous carcinoma being very rare in nasal region we want to share the case details.
Caso fatal pediátrico coinfectado por Rickettsia rickettsii y SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Rosas Salazar Daniel , Félix Rodríguez María Fernanda , Rivera Rosas Cristian Noé , Calleja López Jesús René Tadeo , Álvarez Meza Jehan Bonizú , Álvarez Hernández Gerardo
Published: September 2024

ANTECEDENTES: La fiebre manchada por Rickettsia rickettsii (FMRR) tiene un inicio clínico inespecífico que puede confundirse con otras enfermedades febriles, incluida COVID-19. Ya ha sido reportada la coinfección por SARS-CoV-2 y otros patógenos, pero no entre este virus y R. rickettsii, por lo que presentamos un caso fatal en un niño hospitalizado en una región endémica de FMRR.
CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente masculino de 11 años con un cuadro febril exantemático de 7 días de evolución acompañado por deterioro neurológico y dificultad respiratoria. Se confirmó infección aguda por SARS-CoV-2 mediante determinación de antígenos y por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en una muestra respiratoria. Se documentó exposición a garrapatas, por lo que se sospechó simultáneamente de FMRR, se tomaron muestras de sangre y patología que confirmaron la infección por R. rickettsii. El paciente presentó rápido deterioro sistémico, sin respuesta al manejo implementado, a las cinco horas de su ingreso murió.
CONCLUSIONES: Este caso fatal presentó una coinfección aguda por R. rickettsii y el virus SARS-CoV-2 que probablemente contribuyó a las complicaciones médicas y aceleró el desenlace fatal. El personal médico debe considerar la presencia de coinfecciones de ambos patógenos, particularmente en regiones endémicas del país.
PALABRAS CLAVES: Fiebre manchada por Rickettsia rickettsii; COVID-19; coinfección.
Dr. Fernando German Rueda Franco: un grande de la neurocirugía mexicana. In Memoriam
Authors: Marhx Bracho Alfonso
Published: September 2024

In memoriam: Dr. Fernando Rueda Franco
Viruela Símica: MPox ¿Qué hay de prevención y cuáles son las vacunas disponibles el mundo y en México?
Authors: Aguilar Ituarte Felipe
Published: September 2024

Mpox, prevención y vacunas
Situación actual de los problemas de salud mental en niñas, niños y adolescentes
Authors: Casas-Muñoz Abigail , Velasco Rojano Angel Eduardo , Rodríguez-Caballero Aarón , Loredo-Abdalá Arturo
Published: September 2024

En la actualidad, los problemas de salud mental tienen un papel cada vez más preponderante en la salud de la población mundial. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que los trastornos de salud mental más comunes, entre lo que se encuentran la depresión y los trastornos de ansiedad, afectan aproximadamente al 5% de la población mundial; es decir, a más de 300 millones de personas. En México, desde el año 2000, se ha observado una tendencia constante en el incremento de la prevalencia de los problemas de salud mental en niñas, niños y adolescentes.
Development of military-applied sports in the conditions of a civilian university
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Technical University, Andriyanova Lyudmila A.
Published: September 2024

The article examines the regulatory framework of army tactical shooting all-around as a military applied sport, and outlines the main directions of its development among students of civilian universities. Examples of mass sports events among students of different levels of training in this sport are given.
The specifics of physical training of male students to pass the Ready for Labor and Defense Standard in the section “kettlebell jerk” in educational institutions of higher education
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Kolodkin Alexey S. , Batukhtina Anna O. ,   Vyatka State University, Grutsyna Irina I. ,   Vyatka State University, Shikhova Ulyana Yu. ,   Vyatka State University
Published: September 2024

Physical fitness is an important component of the lives of students, especially men, and plays a key role in achieving academic success and beyond. Within the framework of higher educational institutions, special attention is paid to passing the Ready for Labor and Defense Standards, one of the main sections of which is the “kettlebell jerk”, which requires students to show strength, coordination and endurance. The analysis of the results of the conducted research on the preparation for the delivery of the Ready for Labor and Defense Standards complex “kettlebell jerk” is also presented. Male students of Vyatka State University took part in the study. They were divided into 2 groups: experimental and control. Both groups passed the Ready for Labor and Defense Standards “kettlebell jerk” complex, and then, for two months, the control group trained according to the rules of kettlebell lifting, and the experimental group trained the kettlebell jerk according to the rules of the army jerk. After that, the groups re-passed the same standard. The results obtained before and after the experiment were compared. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the kettlebell lifting specialists of the experimental group, who received a training complex based on the rules of the army kettlebell jerk, showed had higher indicators of hand strength and overall functional endurance in the competitive movement of the 16 kg kettlebell jerk compared with the group that performed exercises according to the rules of kettlebell lifting with one interception of the kettlebell when performing a jerk.
I Interregional Forum “ROSSTUDSPORT: White Nights” (May 17–18, 2024, St. Petersburg)
Authors:   ITMO University, Storozhenko Yulia M. , Polman Daniil A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design
Published: September 2024

The report on the results of the I Interregional Forum “ROSSTUDSPORT: White Nights”, which was held on May 17, 2024 at Saint Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, is presented.
Socio-Economic Status and Living Condition of Widows in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Mahbuba
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to understand the socio-economic status and living conditions of rural widows in Parila Union, Paba Upazila, Rajshahi District, Bangladesh focusing on their socio-cultural deprivation, social security, and community participation. The research covered 16 villages and included social surveys that captured the experiences of 201 widows. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data, the study reveals the multifaceted challenges widows face, including social isolation, financial instability, and vulnerability to harassment and criticism. The transition from wifehood to widowhood marks a significant shift in a woman's status within the community, often leading to reduced social participation and economic hardship. The findings indicate that while a majority of widows maintain some degree of community involvement, their participation in social and cultural events diminishes post-widowhood due to stigmatization and financial constraints. The study examines the economic, social, and emotional support systems available to these widows, revealing a lack of comprehensive formal support in Bangladesh, with most assistance coming from family and community members. Many widows lack regular financial support, and the government’s widow allowance is insufficient. The study shows that aged widows, while able to coexist within families, are often excluded from decision-making processes and are deprived of respect and medical facilities, increasing their vulnerability. These socio-economic challenges, including economic deprivation, social subjugation, and humiliation, underscore the critical needs of widows and highlight the necessity for improved support systems to enhance their quality of life. Social and cultural participation diminishes post-widowhood due to stigmatization and financial constraints, while security concerns restrict their mobility, especially at night. Additionally, the study highlights the adverse impact on children of widows, who often suffer from bullying and lack of support. Despite these challenges, some widows exhibit resilience, leveraging community ties for support. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive support systems to improve the quality of life for widows in rural Bangladesh, addressing both their economic needs and social reintegration.
Leadership and Legacy of Julius Nyerere as Prime Minister of Tanganyika and President of Tanzania
Authors: Magasi Chacha
Published: September 2024

Research Aims: This study evaluates Julius Nyerere’s leadership by examining his socialist policies and their effects on Tanzania’s development. It explores the ideological foundations of his leadership, assesses the socio-economic impact of the Ujamaa policy in rural and urban contexts, investigates his strategies for fostering national unity and political stability, and extracts lessons for contemporary African governance.
 Design/methodology/approach: Employing a qualitative approach, the study draws on secondary sources, including archival records, Nyerere’s speeches, government documents, and scholarly journal articles.
 Research Findings: The findings highlight Nyerere’s notable achievements in nation-building, political stability, and African liberation, while also addressing the economic difficulties arising from forced collectivization and disruptions to traditional agricultural practices. The study recognizes limitations in evaluating the long-term socio-economic impacts, particularly on rural communities affected by villagization.
 Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This article provides valuable insights into African socialism and proposes new directions for future research on the enduring legacy of Nyerere’s leadership. It recommends further research to compare Nyerere’s governance with other African socialist leaders.
Herr Militzer und wir: um medievalista alemão e as memórias que ele deixou no Brasil
Authors: Almeida Cybele Crossetti de
Published: September 2024

Nossas memórias não são só nossas, mas muitas, compartilhadas. É por isso que no Brasil e nas Américas, mesmo sem uma ‘Idade Média’ tradicional, segundo a cronologia geralmente aceita, as reminiscências de medievo trazido na bagagem (material e mental) de conquistadores se enraizaram em nossas terras. Mas, para além dessa violência primordial, as reminiscências do medievo (sonhado, imaginado) são permeadas também por outras viagens, idas e vindas entre o novo e o antigo continente, pessoas que conhecemos quando fomos estudar em arquivos fundamentais e que também quiseram conhecer a nossa realidade, com a qual (talvez embalados por Garcia Marques, Borges e outros) também sonhavam. Foi assim que conheci, no arquivo histórico da cidade de Colônia, na Alemanha, o professor Klaus Militzer. E foi assim que ele veio ao Brasil, não apenas uma, mas três vezes. Esse artigo conta um pouco dessa estória que não é só minha, mas que foi compartilhada por muitos outros.
Reminiscências do Portugal medieval nas práticas culturais e festejos do Brasil contemporâneo: possíveis conexões - a festa do Divino Espírito Santo em Portugal e no Brasil (Pirenópolis-GO)
Authors: Sousa Cleusa Teixeira de , Noronha Gilberto Cézar de
Published: September 2024

Este artigo discute as (im)possibilidades de aproximação entre o Culto do Divino Espírito Santo em Portugal e as Festividades do Divino, em Pirenópolis, Goiás, por meio do cotejamento de fontes como a Monarchia Lusitana, Concordatas Régias e obras historiográficas do século XVII e períodos posteriores. Nossas hipóteses apontam, de um lado, para uma pesquisa mais aprofundada das relações entre judeus e cristãos no reino de D. Dinis (1279-1325) e da rainha Isabel de Aragão (1282-1336)1, considerando a participação dos judeus no culto do Divino, em Portugal. De outro, assinalam para a necessidade de apreender o processo de (re)constituição das raízes portuguesas da Festa do Divino em Pirenópolis, bem como para a necessidade de [re]discussão dos processos de patrimonialização. O Culto teriasido organizado pelo monarca D. Dinis sob a égide da rainha Santa Isabel, institucionalizando um Império do Divino, através de um cerimonial que se tornou célebre por todo o reino e uma manifestação que possibilitava o exercício de certas práticas religiosas não católicas pela ressignificação dos símbolos, rituais e da própria data da festa que coincide, por exemplo, com a celebração do Pentecostes pelos judeus e a descida do Espírito Santo pelos cristãos. Em Pirenópolis, a partir da década de 1970, a festa foi atualizada, retomando e reinventando suas associações com a Europa Medieval.
[1] Essa primeira data, se refere ao ano de sua chegada a Portugal, pois em 1281 se casou por meio de procuração continuando em Aragão e só no ano posterior consumou o seu casamento indo habitar em terras lusitanas.
El uso de zoom para la enseñanza remota de emergencia
Authors: De Los Heros Rondenil Martín Gabriel
Published: September 2024

It is a book that helps us to know in a practical and concrete way the use of the Zoom platform, includes pedagogical and technical tips and a checklist for Emergency Remote Education (ERE), which is not only designed for online education in the current circumstances, but also for the post-pandemic stage. The technical and pedagogical tips on the key tools of this platform are addressed to both teachers and students so that they can participate in synchronous (live) or asynchronous activities, so that the teaching-learning process is effective.
Diagnóstico sobre los procesos de inducción al personal de Enfermería en un hospital de Costa Rica
Authors: Cubero-Alpízar Consuelo , Aguilar-Montoya Carolina
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Identificar la forma en que se han desarrollado los procesos de inducción al personal de enfermería en un hospital de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS). La inserción al campo laboral, genera necesidades al nuevo trabajador, en cuanto a ajustarse a su rol y a la institución en la cual se va a desempeñar, por lo que requiere un tiempo para adaptarse a su nueva condición y adquirir las destrezas que el puesto requiere, lo cual es conocido como proceso de inducción. Materiales y métodos: Se trató de un estudio retrospectivo exploratorio que pretendió conocer cómo se han desarrollado los procesos de inducción del personal de enfermería a nivel hospitalario. La población estuvo constituida por 184 funcionarios del personal de Enfermería de un hospital de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social. La muestra fue de 25 funcionarios por conveniencia. La investigación consideró cinco dimensiones básicas de los aspectos que deben ser incluidos en los procesos de inducción. Resultados: Existen carencias significativas en los procesos de inducción a nivel hospitalario, desde la presentación del equipo de trabajo, hasta orientación en rutinas y labores administrativas sustanciales para el buen ejercicio de la práctica profesional. Conclusiones: Se evidenció la necesidad de retomar los procesos de inducción, como el espacio para que el profesional que ingresa adquiera las destrezas técnicas y organizativas, de modo que ejecute mejor su rol en la institución y brinde un cuidado de mayor calidad con transmisión de conocimiento desde el profesional experimentado hacia el novato.
Enhancing the Efficiency of Scientific Activities in a Medical Organization within the Scope of the Process Approach
Authors: Bedoreva Irina , Gusev Arkady , Makhova Darya , Kirilova Irina
Published: September 2024

The article substantiates the principal trends of research optimization in medical organizations with the use of process-oriented management methods (the case of Ya.L.Tsivyan Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics). The research is based on the principle of the process approach. It is one of the fundamental principles of the total quality management model that is the most effective management concept based on quality. When developing a system for organizing scientific workflows based on the process approach, planning as well as a methodology of academic research play the key role. For all stages of research activities, processes of planning tasks, their fulfilment and reporting with the determination of responsibility for all types of work being performed and with the development of forms of necessary documents used in the organization of scholarly activities have been framed; approaches to the output of scientific products have been standardized and process regulations have been developed for each of its types. The development of processes is carried out on the basis of the requirements of regulatory documentation, taking into account modern approaches to the organization of research activities. Moreover, all documents containing requirements for processes are reviewed and updated at regular intervals, taking into account changes in regulatory guidance. The development and implementation of a system for organizing scientific activities based on the process approach allow a scientific medical institution to achieve compliance with modern requirements for conducting academic research, as well as to improve the quality and efficiency of scientific activities. The accumulated successful experience can be used in organizations that seek to increase the effectiveness of their scientific activities and meet contemporary requirements for their results.