bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithium depletion boundary, stellar associations, andGaia
Authors: Galindo-Guil F. J. , Barrado D. , Bouy H. , Olivares J. , Bayo A. , Morales-Calderón M. , Huélamo N. , Sarro L. M. , Rivière-Marichalar P. , Stoev H. , Montesinos B. , Stauffer J. R.
Published: July 2022

Context.Stellar ages are key to improving our understanding of different astrophysical phenomena. However, many techniques to estimate stellar ages are highly model-dependent. The lithium depletion boundary (LDB), based on the presence or absence of lithium in low-mass stars, can be used to derive ages in stellar associations of between 20 and 500 Ma.

Aims.The purpose of this work is to revise former LDB ages in stellar associations in a consistent way, taking advantage of the homogeneousGaiaparallaxes as well as bolometric luminosity estimations that do not rely on monochromatic bolometric corrections.

Methods.We studied nine open clusters and three moving groups characterised by a previous determination of the LDB age. We gathered all the available information from our data and the literature: membership, distances, photometric data, reddening, metallicity, and surface gravity. We re-assigned membership and calculated bolometric luminosities and effective temperatures using distances derived fromGaiaDR2 and multi-wavelength photometry for individual objects around the former LDB. We located the LDB using a homogeneous method for all the stellar associations. Finally, we estimated the age by comparing it with different evolutionary models.

Results.We located the LDB for the twelve stellar associations and derived their ages using several theoretical evolutionary models. We compared the LDB ages among them, along with data obtained with other techniques, such as isochrone fitting, ultimately finding some discrepancies among the various approaches. Finally, we remark that the 32 Ori MG is likely to be composed of at least two populations of different ages.
GaiaData Release 3
Authors: Evans D. W. , Eyer L. , Busso G. , Riello M. , De Angeli F. , Burgess P. W. , Audard M. , Clementini G. , Garofalo A. , Holl B. , Jevardat de Fombelle G. , Lanzafame A. C. , Lecoeur-Taibi I. , Mowlavi N. , Nienartowicz K. , Palaversa L. , Rimoldini L.
Published: July 2022

Context.As part ofGaiaData Release 3 (GaiaDR3), epoch photometry has been released for 1.2 million sources centred on M 31. This is a taster forGaiaData Release 4 where all the epoch photometry will be released.

Aims.In this paper, the content of theGaiaAndromeda Photometric Survey (GAPS) is described, including statistics to assess the quality of the data. Known issues with the photometry are also outlined.

Methods.Methods are given to improve interpretation of the photometry, in particular, a method for error renormalisation. Also, use of correlations between the three photometric passbands allows clearer identification of variables, and is not affected by false detections caused by systematic effects.

Results.GAPS presents a unique opportunity to look atGaiaepoch photometry that has not been preselected based on variability. This allows investigations to be carried out that can be applied to the rest of the sky using the mean source results. Additionally, scientific studies of variability can be carried out on M 31 and the Milky Way in general.
High-Speed Temperature Measurement
Authors: Bouchal Patrik , Hejčík Jiří , Jícha Miroslav
Published: July 2022

In certain applications where temperature changes rapidly, e.g., compressor cylinder or explosion chamber, it is necessary to obtain temperature data with a sample rate high enough to register the change, i.e., the temperature probe response time must be very low. Type E coaxial thermocouples with response time in the range of µs can be an example of such a temperature probe. This paper describes several approaches for high-frequency temperature data obtained using coaxial thermocouples. Individual approaches are described together, as well as their shortcomings. Furthermore, the possible method of data evaluation is discussed.
Two-wavelength digital holographic interferometry for unambiguous range extended measurements in fluid mechanics
Authors: Çubreli Gramoz , Psota Pavel , Kouta Ahmad , Dančová Petra
Published: July 2022

Non-contact optical methods such as digital holographic interferometry are highly suitable in measurements where the phenomena is fast, performed in transparent or semi-transparent environment and mustn’t be obstructed as when applying local contact techniques. Such specific application can be studying dynamic events during transonic and supersonic blade flutter. Fast, sensitive and rather easy access to the phase information make these techniques very attractive in the study of phase objects/phenomena. However, since light’s phase is bounded to a repetitive cycle of 2π radians, the range of measurement is limited to one cycle of the phase, limiting applications to small gradient phenomena. This paper presents a new interesting way of by-passing this limitation, while still keeping noise values low, by introducing a second laser with a close value wavelength, giving rise to a new interferometric pattern with an extended unambiguous range of measurement. Image acquisition is done simultaneously for both wavelengths and all reconstructions are digitally performed. The principle and preliminary results are included in this paper.
CFD Investigation of the test facility for forced blade flutter research
Authors: Hála Jindřich , Lepičovský Jan , Šidlof Petr , Šimurda David
Published: July 2022

With the increasing share of renewable power resources turbomachines need to be operated under a wider range of operating conditions including highly off-design regimes. Under such regimes an undesirable phenomenon of blade flutter might occur and possibly destroy the machine. To prevent this, intensive research is conducted by research teams worldwide. Blade flutter research program at the Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech academy of sciences (IT CAS) mainly aims to advance experimental techniques for investigation of sonic and transonic blade flutter. For this purpose, the new sophisticated test facility was designed and manufactured. As part of the design process, the CFD computations were conducted in order to investigate the flow field in the test facility. This paper presents results of these computations with detailed analysis of flow structures occurring during the air flow through the stationary blade cascade.
Dynamic behaviour of cavitation bubble close to a flexible wall
Authors: Müller Miloš , Hujer Jan , Dančová Petra
Published: July 2022

The dynamic behaviour of cavitation bubble close to a flexible boundary is investigated experimentally. The cavitation bubble is produced as a consequence of an optical breakdown generated by the focus of 532 nm Nd-Yag laser beam. A gold mirror is used to focus the expanded laser beam into a spherically shaped plasma. A PVDF film sensor is used for the measurement of the interaction magnitude between the bubble and the flexible boundary. As the flexible boundary directly the PVFD film sensor is used. The sensor is flexibly mounted within a specially designed movable frame which enables to modify the elastic properties of the system. The bubble dynamics and the flexible wall movement are recorded by high-speed CCD camera and correlated with the acoustic signal obtained by the PVDF film. Different bubble collapse patters for different bubble wall distances and the corresponding acoustic signals are presented.
Optimization of air mass flow in a PEM fuel cell
Authors: Novotný Jan , Nováková Ludmila , Čížek Roman , Kašpárek Miloš , Machovská Ilona
Published: July 2022

In our work, we focused on measuring the performance characteristics of a test hydrogen fuel cell with an open cathode. The aim of the work was to verify the effect of the mass flow through the fuel cell on the power output as a function of the current density and voltage on the fuel cell. A test bench capable of testing fuel cells up to 2000 W was used to measure the power characteristics. The test fuel cell was composed of three cells and its total membrane area was 100 cm2. A PIV measurement system was used to measure the mass flow. The mass flow measurement was performed at the inlet of the fuel cell. The measurements included the determination of the inlet temperature distribution using a thermal imaging camera. The presented measurements were performed for two configurations with original and optimized diffuser at the inlet of the fans. Finally, the effect of mass flow and overall thermal management on the fuel cell performance is discussed, including the effect of the newly designed diffuser.
Design and testing of the supporting setup for the high-pressure vibrating tube densimeter
Authors: Prokopová Olga , Čenský Miroslav , Blahut Aleš , Vinš Václav
Published: July 2022

Vibrating tube densimeters (VTDs) have become relatively popular instruments for measuring the density of a large variety of gases and liquids since their development about fifty years ago. The apparatuses measure the characteristic frequencies of vibrating U-shaped tube filled with a fluid sample, when the fluid fill shifts the dynamic characteristics of the U-tube. This study describes design and testing of the in-house developed supporting setup for a commercial high-pressure VTD Anton Paar DMA HP. The instrument covers density range from 0 to 3000 kg/m3 at pressures up to 700 bar and temperatures from -10 to 200 °C. Whereas the temperature of density measurement is fully controlled by the apparatus using a thermal block with Peltier unit, pressure has to be generated and monitored externally. Therefore, a high-pressure sampling system was designed and assembled. Special care is taken when measuring temperature with an external resistance thermometer connected to precise thermometry bridge. In order to avoid unfavorable condensation of air moisture during the measurement, VTD apparatus is protected by a dry box of own design. Technical details together with the calibrations of pressure and temperature probes are described in detail. A preliminary data for temperature dependence of density of the selected liquids (water, ethanol or ethylene glycol) obtained at the barometric pressure are also provided and compared to the reference density correlations.
Development of a 10 kW class axial impulse single stage turboexpander for a micro-CHP ORC unit
Authors: Spale Jan , Jun Guk Chol , Novotny Vaclav , Streit Philipp , Weiß Andreas P. , Kolovratnik Michal
Published: July 2022

Development of micro ORC systems with 1-15 kW power output for micro-cogeneration and waste heat recovery at the Czech Technical University in Prague, University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings (CTU UCEEB) has over ten years of history with many successes. These include 6 different ORC units, all with in-house designed rotary vane expanders (RVE) of many versions throughout this development. Among main advantages of the RVE belong relatively simple and robust design at low cost even at very small series of single-unit production and all that with acceptable efficiency. The ORC units operate with hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) working fluid at high pressure ratios and expansion ratios and the isentropic efficiency of RVE has a limit at these conditions around 60%, often however only at values around 50%. While this might be enough on a cost side for commercialization of this technology, in pursuit of higher efficiency solutions, different expander technology needs to be selected. A turbo-expander is a logical choice with prospect of higher efficiency. At the same time, a literature review has found a lack of reported detailed experimental data for micro (5-50 kW) turbo-expanders, possibly hindering global development towards economically feasible solutions. A project named Dexpand, “Optimised expanders for small-scale distributed energy systems” aims at these issues by objectives in designing, optimizing, manufacturing and testing several ORC expanders with MM and isobutane and their subsequent performance mapping and comparison. One major task is a design of a turboexpander for a 120 kWth biomass fired microcogeneration ORC unit currently operated at the CTU UCEEB. An axial impulse single stage turboexpander was selected as a suitable choice, providing a prospect of a decent efficiency at technically manageable rotational speed and size. This paper provides a detail of currently performed design activities, starting from boundary conditions specification, over development and optimization of a 1D model, preliminary 2D CFD calculations and finishing in a state of a robust and detailed 3D CFD model with a real gas model. Note that the working fluid, high molar mass organic vapour, is highly non-ideal in its behaviour and the flow conditions with pressure design ratio around 13 is highly supersonic (nozzle outlet isentropic Mach number exceeds 2). The current results based on 3D CFD indicate a prospect of an isentropic efficiency 71% at mechanical power output of 11 kW. Lastly, ongoing and future work is outlined, which includes aerodynamic optimization based on the developed 3D CFD model and construction design of the entire turbine assembly.
Conception of minichannel cooling for a PVT heat exchanger
Authors: Strąk Dariusz , Piasecka Magdalena
Published: July 2022

In the paper, a new construction of a compact plate heat exchanger dedicated to PVT cooling was numerically tested. The efficiency of photovoltaic panels decreases as their temperature increases, but cooling improves efficiency. A model counter-current heat exchanger with rectangular minichannels was presented. A heated wall of the heat exchanger was a photovoltaic cell. There were laminar flows of Fluorinert FC-72 and distilled water in the minichannels. FC-72 was heated by the photovoltaic panel. The CAD model of a minichannel heat exchanger was proposed. CFD calculations were performed using Simcenter STAR-CCM+ software. The fluid temperature and velocity profile in the minichannels were determined to finally obtain the values of the heat transfer coefficient. The main parameters taken into consideration in the computations concerned: meshes, physics, and geometry. Finally, local heat transfer coefficients were determined.
Comorbidities in Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion – A
Clinical Review of Literature
Authors: Czapla-Iskrzycka Aleksandra , Świątkowska-Stodulska Renata , Sworczak Krzysztof
Published: July 2022

Mild autonomous cortisol secretion (mACS) is a state of cortisol excess usually
associated with existence of adrenal incidentaloma. Because of the lack of
symptoms of the disease, the biochemical evaluation is the most important to
determine a diagnosis. However, scientific societies have different diagnostic
criteria for mACS, which makes the treatment of this disease and using results
of original papers in daily practice more difficult. Chronic hypercortisolemic
state, even if mild, may lead to diseases that are mostly connected with overt
Cushing’s syndrome. Some of them can cause a higher mortality of
patients with mACS and those problems need to be addressed. In this review we
describe the comorbidities associated with mACS: cardiovascular disorders,
arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia,
obesity, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, vertebral
fractures and osteoporosis. The point of this paper is to characterise them and
determine if and how these conditions should be managed. Two databases –
PubMed and Web of Science were searched. Even though the evidence are scarce,
this is an attempt to lead clinicians through the problems associated with this
enigmatic condition.
Recent Applications on Dual-Catalysis for C–C and C–X Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Ravi Kishore Dakoju , Sreenivasulu Chinnabattigalla , Satyanarayana Gedu , Dapkekar Anil Balajirao
Published: July 2022

Coupling reactions stand amid the most significant reactions in synthetic organic chemistry. Of late, these coupling strategies are being viewed as a versatile synthetic tool for a wide range of organic transformations in many sectors of chemistry, ranging from indispensable synthetic scaffolds and natural products of biological significance to novel organic materials. Further, the use of dual-catalysis in accomplishing various interesting cross-coupling transformations is an emerging field in synthetic organic chemistry, owing to their high catalytic performance rather than the use of a single catalyst. In recent years, synthetic organic chemists have given considerable attention to hetero-dual catalysis; wherein these catalytic systems have been employed for the construction of versatile carbon–carbon [C(sp
3)–C(sp
3), C(sp
3)–C(sp
2), C(sp
2)–C(sp
2)] and carbon–heteroatom (C–N, C–O, C–P, C–S) bonds. Therefore, in this mini-review, we are emphasizing recently developed various cross-coupling reactions catalysed by transition-metal dual-catalysis (i.e., using palladium and copper catalysts, but omitting the reports on photoredox/metal catalysis).

1 Introduction

2 Cu/Pd-Catalysed Bond Formation

2.1 Pd/Cu-Catalysed C(sp
3)–C(sp
2) Bond Formation

2.2 Pd/Cu-Catalysed C(sp
2)–C(sp
2) Bond Formation

2.3 Pd/Cu-Catalysed C(sp)–C(sp
2) Bond Formation

2.4 Pd/Cu-Catalysed C(sp
3)–C(sp
3) Bond Formation

2.5 Pd/Cu-Catalysed C–X (X = B, N, P, S, Si) Bond Formation

3 Conclusion
Second exam of right colon improves adenoma detection rate: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kamal Faisal , Khan Muhammad Ali , Lee-Smith Wade , Sharma Sachit , Acharya Ashu , Imam Zaid , Farooq Umer , Hanson John , Pulous Vian , Aziz Muhammad , Chandan Saurabh , Kouanda Abdul , Dai Sun-Chuan , Munroe Craig A. , Howden Colin W.
Published: July 2022

Background and study aims A second examination of the right colon, either as a second forward view (SFV) or as retroflexion (RF) in the cecum, can increase adenoma detection rate (ADR) in the right colon. In this meta-analysis, we have evaluated the role of a second examination of the right colon in improving ADR.

Methods We reviewed several databases to identify randomized controlled trials that compared right colon SFV with no SFV, and RCTs that compared SFV with RF in the right colon, and reported data on ADR. Our outcomes of interest were ADR and polyp detection rate (PDR) with SFV vs no SFV, right colon and total withdrawal times, and additional ADR and PDR with SFV vs RF. For categorical variables, we calculated pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs); for continuous variables, we calculated standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95 % CI. Data were analyzed using random effects model.

Results We included six studies with 3901 patients. Comparing SFV with no SFV, right colon ADR and PDR were significantly higher in the SFV group: ADR (RR [95 % CI] 1.39 [1.22,1.58]) and PDR (RR [95 % CI] 1.47 [1.30, 1.65]). We found no significant difference in right colon withdrawal time (SMD [95 % CI] 1.54 [–0.20,3.28]) or total withdrawal time (SMD (95 % CI) 0.37 [–0.39,1.13]) with and without SFV. We found no significant difference in additional ADR between SFV and RF.

Conclusions SFV of the right colon significantly increases right-sided and overall ADR.
Auditory Short-Term Memory Evaluation in Noise in Musicians
Authors: Eser Büşra Nur , Şerbetçioğlu Mustafa Bülent
Published: July 2022

Abstract Background Working memory, a short-term memory component, is a multicomponent system that manages attention and short-term memory in speech perception in challenging listening conditions. These challenging conditions cause listening effort that can be
objectively evaluated by pupillometry. Studies show that auditory working memory is more developed in musicians for complex auditory tasks. Purpose This study aims to compare the listening effort and short-term memory in noise between musicians and nonmusicians. Research
Design An experimental research design was adopted for the study. Study Sample The study was conducted on 22 musicians and 20 nonmusicians between the ages of 20 and 45. Data Collection and Analysis Participants' effort analysis was measured with pupillometry;
performance analysis was measured with short-term memory score by listening to the 15 word lists of Verbal Memory Processes Test. Participants are tested under three conditions: quiet, +15 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and +5 SNR. Results While nonmusicians showed significantly
higher short-term memory score (STMS) than musicians in the quiet condition, musicians' STMS were significantly higher in both noise conditions (+15 SNR and +5 SNR). The nonmusician's percentage of pupil growth averages were higher than the musicians for three conditions. Conclusion As
a result, musicians had better memory performance in noise and less effort in the listening task according to lower pupil growth. This study objectively evaluated the differences between participants' listening efforts by pupillometry. It is also observed that the SNR and music training affect
memory performance.
Bleeding Propensity in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Potential Causes and Evaluation
Authors: Brysland Simone A. , Maqbool M. Gohar , Talaulikar Dipti , Gardiner Elizabeth E.
Published: July 2022

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare, incurable, low-grade, B cell lymphoma. Symptomatic disease commonly results from marrow or organ infiltration and hyperviscosity secondary to immunoglobulin M paraprotein, manifesting as anemia, bleeding and neurological symptoms among others. The causes of the bleeding phenotype in WM are complex and involve several intersecting mechanisms. Evidence of defects in platelet function is lacking in the literature, but factors impacting platelet function and coagulation pathways such as acquired von Willebrand factor syndrome, hyperviscosity, abnormal hematopoiesis, cryoglobulinemia and amyloidosis may contribute to bleeding. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms behind bleeding is important, as common WM therapies, including chemo-immunotherapy and Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, carry attendant bleeding risks. Furthermore, due to the relatively indolent nature of this lymphoma, most patients diagnosed with WM are often older and have one or more comorbidities, requiring treatment with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. It is thus important to understand the origin of the WM bleeding phenotype, to better stratify patients according to their bleeding risk, and enhance confidence in clinical decisions regarding treatment management. In this review, we detail the evidence for various contributing factors to the bleeding phenotype in WM and focus on current and emerging diagnostic tools that will aid evaluation and management of bleeding in these patients.
Development of a New Tool to Assess the Quality of Life of Patients with Hand–Foot Syndrome Receiving Capecitabine-Based Therapy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jagdish Prathepa , Kaur Navdeep , Kapoor Akhil , Mandavkar Sarika , Ramaswamy Anant , Ostwal Vikas
Published: July 2022

Background Hand–foot syndrome (HFS) can result in significant deficits in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and can lead to poor compliance, dose reduction, or interruption. This study was performed to assess the HRQOL with HFS on physical, psychological, social, and sexual aspects of patients receiving capecitabine-based chemotherapy with gastrointestinal cancer along with validating and assessing the reliability score of the questionnaire.

Patients and Methods HFS-related QOL (HF-QOL) questionnaire was developed and validated in a sample of 30 patients randomly selected for this pilot study. The internal consistency of the tool was tested by calculating the Cronbach's α coefficient, while content and construct validity were assessed by Pearson's correlation. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0.

Results Out of 30, 22 (73%) patients were males, mean age was 44 ± 13 years; 21 (70%) patients had grade 1 HFS, while 6 (20%) and 3 (10%) patients had grades 2 and 3 HFS, respectively. Cronbach's α coefficient was high for physical (0.79) and sexual scales (0.79), while it was moderately low for psychological (0.65) and social (0.53) domains. The average HF-QOL scores were 70.6 ± 13.2 in physical domain and 71.3 ± 23.7 in sexual domain indicating poor quality of life (QOL), while it was 50.9 ± 9.9 in social domain indicating moderately worse QOL. Grades 2 and 3 of HFS were found to have statistical significance on physical (0.0001), psychological (0.05), and social (0.02) domains, whereas sexual domain did not have any statistical significance (0.594).

Conclusion This pilot study showed the feasibility of use and validity of a new patient-reported instrument, the HF-QOL, which measures the effect of HFS on daily activities (physical, psychological, social, and sexual domains) after capecitabine-based chemotherapy.
Stroke in Tuberculous Meningitis and Its correlation with Magnetic Resonance Angiography Manifestations
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Mudassir Sanaullah , Sinha Neetu , Babanrao Wankhade Bhagyashri , Ranjan Abhay
Published: July 2022

Objective The primary objective of the study was to assess the location of cerebral infarction and look for corresponding magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) changes in patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). We also evaluated the predictors of ischemic stroke in TBM and the impact of these infarctions on patient's outcome.

Methods This was a single-center prospective study between September 2018 and September 2020. Demographic and laboratory parameters were noted. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging and MRA were performed at the time of admission to the hospital.

Results Among 120 patients with TBM, 46 had stroke. Nineteen (15.8%) patients died, of which 12 (10%) suffered from stroke. The most common site of infarction was the basal ganglia (54.3%). The commonest site of MRA abnormalities was the middle cerebral artery (39.1%). British Medical Research Council (BMRC) stage 3, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sugar, CSF adenosine deaminase (ADA) level, basal exudates, hydrocephalus, and hyponatremia were found to be predictors of stroke in TBM, while BMRC stage 3, CSF cell count, CSF ADA level, and anemia were found to be significantly associated with mortality in TBM patients with stroke.

Conclusion The basal ganglia were the most common site of ischemic stroke in TBM, and middle cerebral artery was the most often involved intracranial blood vessel. BMRC stage 3 was significantly associated with both stroke and mortality in TBM patients with stroke.
Usage of Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Routine Otolaryngologic Surgeries in Turkey
Authors: Torun Mümtaz Taner
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Inappropriate antibiotic use in the world leads to an increase in both health care costs and antibiotic resistance. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is used by most surgeons, especially in the postoperative period.

Objective The aim of the study is to determine the approach of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in routine surgeries, and to raise awareness regarding inappropriate antibiotic use.

Methods ENT specialists from all over Turkey participated in the study by filling out a data collecting form. The form consisted of 6 questions and was sent to specialists via email. Routine ENT operations such as adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, adenotonsillectomy, ventilation tube application, septoplasty, rhinoplasty, septorhinoplasty (noncomplicated), tympanoplasty, and simple mastoidectomy were chosen for the study. Data were analyzed statistically.

Results The form results of 110 ENT specialists were evaluated. The rate of participants who used and did not use SAP was 77.3% and 22.7%, respectively. The SAP usage rates of septoplasty, rhinoplasty, and septorhinoplasty operations were 84.7%, 81.2%, and 75.3%, respectively. For tympanoplasty and ventilation tube application operations, the rates were 82.4% and 24.7%, respectively. Finallly, the SAP usage rates of adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, and adenotonsillectomy were 57.6%, 75.3%, and 72.9%, respectively.

Conclusion Otolaryngological surgeries are often classified as clean or clean-contaminated surgeries. In most studies in the literature, it is reported that SAP use is unnecessary in routine otolaryngological surgery. Providing inservice training, regularly updating the prophylaxis guidelines and sharing these guidelines with surgeons may prevent inappropriate SAP use.
Reversible Splenial Lesion Syndrome and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Findings in a Child with SARS-COV-2 Infection
Authors: Gemici Utku , Güngör Mesut , Kara Bulent , Anik Yonca
Published: July 2022

Reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) is a transient lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. Etiology includes infections, malignancies, drugs, metabolic disorders, trauma, etc. We reported radiological features of a child with RESLES and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) with severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a 11-year-old boy. Diagnosis of SARS COV-2 infection was based on the detection of antiSARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM in his serum.
A 90-Day Episode-of-Care Analysis Including Computed Tomography Scans of Robotic-Arm Assisted versus Manual Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Gregory David A. , Coppolecchia Andrea , Scotti Dennis J. , Chen Zhongming , Mont Michael A. , Jacofsky David
Published: July 2022

In this observational, retrospective study, we performed economic analyses between robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RATKA) and manual total knee arthroplasty (MTKA). Specifically, we compared: (1) index costs including computed tomography (CT) scans; (2) 90-day postoperative health care utilization, (3) 90-day episode-of-care (EOC) costs, and (4) lengths of stay between CT scan-based robotically-assisted versus MTKAs. A large national database, Blue Health Intelligence (BHI), was used for RATKAs and MTKAs performed between April 1, 2017 and September 30, 2019. Based on strict inclusion–exclusion criteria, with propensity score matching, 4,135 RATKAs and 4,135 MTKAs were identified and analyzed. Index costs to the payer for RATKA patients were found to be less than those for MTKA patients ($29,984 vs. $31,280, p <0.0001). Overall, 90-day EOC costs for RATKA patients were found to be less than that for MTKA patients in the inpatient and outpatient settings. This also holds true for the use of skilled nursing facilities, pharmacies, or other services. In conclusion, the results from our study show that RATKA were associated with lower costs than MTKAs, even when including the cost of CT scans. These results are of marked importance given the emphasis to contain and reduce health care costs.
Biomodulator of Diode Laser Irradiation on Odontoblast-Like Cells by Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and Transforming Growth Factor-β1
Authors: Juniarti Devi E. , Kunarti Sri , Mardiyah Andi A. , Purniati Ni M. D.
Published: July 2022

Objective This study aimed to prove that the effect of diode laser 650-nm irradiation to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays important roles in dental pulp-regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and revascularization.

Materials and Methods The research was performed by randomized posttest only control group design using Rattus norvegicus. A total of 48 samples were provided and divided into eight groups of 6 samples each with a random-sample allocation. Each group were prepared, and perforation of maxillary first molar were done. In control groups (groups 1–4), glass ionomer cement (GIC) was used to restore the teeth, while in laser groups (groups 5–8), the teeth were irradiated with diode laser 650 nm for 40 seconds before application of GIC. Half of the groups (groups 1, 2, 5, and 6) were necropsied in 7 days, and the rest (groups 3, 4, 7, and 8) were necropsied in 14 days. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation were implemented to check the expression of both VEGF-A and TGF-β1.

Statistical Analysis Both data of VEGF-A and TGF-β1 expression were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) with SPSS statistical software.

Results The study showed that the diode laser 650-nm irradiation increased expression of VEGF-A and TGF-β1, and there was a significant difference between diode laser and control group on VEGF-A expression (p = 0.001) and TGF- β1 (p = 0.000) on days 7 and 14.

Conclusion Diode laser 650 nm with 40-second irradiation time shows increment from day 7 to day 14 reflecting increase in pulp healing by modulating VEGF-A and TGF-β1 expression since days 7 to 14.
Spondylocostal Dysostosis with Anal Atresia and Urogenital Anomalies in a Young Infant: First Case Entity of Casamassima–Morton–Nance Syndrome from Asia
Authors: Lourembam Radhapyari , Gupta Manish Kumar , Sherwani Poonam , Verma Prashant Kumar
Published: July 2022

Casamassima–Morton–Nance syndrome (CMNS) includes a heterogeneous group of spondylocostal dysostosis along with anal atresia and genitourinary abnormalities. In 1981, Casamassima et al first described the syndrome in a fetus, and since then, only seven such cases have been reported so far. CMNS phenotype shows a significant clinical variability as documented in the reported cases. Etiology remains unknown yet, and it carries a poor prognosis. Here, we reported on a young female infant born out of nonconsanguineous marriage with normal karyotype and spondylocostal dysostosis, anal and genitourinary malformations suggesting CMNS. Ours is the eighth, and first case entity of CMNS reported from Asia as per the literature search. In our case, the additional feature of bilateral clubfoot has not been documented earlier in the literature. It extends the clinical spectrum of the syndrome and prompts us to consider it a close differential diagnosis to VACTERL (vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac malformations, tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia, renal anomalies, limb abnormalities) syndrome, which is commonly known and diagnosed. It also raises the question of whether cases of CMNS are being misdiagnosed as VACTERL syndrome due to its rarity.
The Effect of Early versus Late Manipulation Under Anesthesia on Opioid Use, Surgical Complications, and Revision Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Yang Daniel S. , Lemme Nicholas J. , Glasser Jillian , Daniels Alan H. , Antoci Valentin
Published: July 2022

Previous studies of early versus late manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) do not report on postoperative opioid utilization or revisions and focused on small single-institution retrospective cohorts. The PearlDiver Research Program (www.pearldiverinc.com), which uses an all-inclusive insurance database, was used to identify patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) who received (1) late MUA (>12 weeks), (2) early MUA (≤12 weeks), or (3) TKA only. To develop the control group cohort of TKA-only patients, 3:1 matching was conducted using 11 risk factor variables deemed significant by chi-squared analysis. Complications and opioid utilization were compared through multivariate regression analysis, controlling for age, gender, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. The risk of TKA revision was assessed through Cox-proportional hazards modeling and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis with log-rank test. Between 2011 and 2017, 2,062 TKA patients with early MUA, 1,112 TKA patients with late MUA, and a control cohort of 8,327 TKA-only patients were identified in the database. The percent of patients registering opioid use decreased from 54.6% 1 month pre-MUA to 4.6% (p < 0.0001) 1 month post-MUA following early MUA, whereas only from 32.6 to 10.4% (p < 0.0001) following late MUA. Late MUA was associated with higher risk of repeat MUA at 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.74, p < 0.0001), 1 year (aOR = 2.66, p < 0.0001), and 2 years (aOR = 2.63, p < 0.0001) following index MUA. Hazards modeling and survival analysis showed increased risk of TKA revision following late MUA (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 3.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.77–4.43, p < 0.0001) compared to early MUA (aHR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.72–2.70, p < 0.0001), with significant differences in survival to revision curves (p < 0.0001). When compared to early MUA at 1 year, late MUA was associated with a significantly increased risk of prosthesis explantation (aOR = 2.89, p = 0.0026 vs. aOR = 0.93, p = 0.8563). MUA within 12 weeks after index TKA had improved pain resolution and significant curtailing of opioid use. Furthermore, late MUA was associated with prolonged opioid use, increased risks of revision, as well as prosthesis explantation, supporting screening and early intervention in cases of slow progression and stiffness. The level of evidence of this study is III.
Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy in the Current Era: Technical Difficulties, Troubleshoots, a Guide to the Apprentice, and the Current Learning Curve
Authors: Pandey Abhishek , Mandal Swarnendu , Das Manoj K. , Nayak Prasant
Published: July 2022

Objectives The main aim of this study is to present our experience with laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) and share practical solutions to various surgical challenges and the learning curve we realized.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed our LRN database for relevant demographic, clinical, imaging, operative, and postoperative data, including operative videos. We described various complications, vascular anomalies, intraoperative difficulties, and our improvisations to improve safety and outcomes.

Statistical Analysis We evaluated the learning curve, comparing the initial half cases (group 1) against the latter half (group 2), using the chi-squared test for categorical variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables.

Results Of the 106 patients included, LRN was successful in 95% (n = 101), and five cases converted to open surgical approach. The mean tumor size was 7.4 cm, 42% incidentally detected. The cumulative complication rate was 15%, including five main renal vein injuries. Intraoperative difficulties included ureter identification (n = 6), venous bleed during hilar dissection (n = 11), double renal arteries (n = 23), and venous anomalies (n = 20). Arterial anatomy had 95% concordance with the imaging findings. We describe various trade tricks to perform hilar dissection, identify and control anomalous vasculature, handle venous bleed, confirm arterial control, and improve decisions using imaging, technology, and guidance of a mentor. No statistically significant difference in the learning curve was observed between the study groups.

Conclusion With LRN already established as the current standard of care, our description intends to share the trade tricks and inspire novice urologists, who can assimilate training and reproduce good results under proper guidance. The steep learning curve described in the past may not be apparent in the current era of training and technological advancement.
Análisis biomecánico de la continuación prepatelar del cuádriceps
Authors: Infante Carlos , Silvestre Rony , Iñiguez Magaly , Negrin Roberto , Barahona Maximiliano
Published: July 2022

Objetivo Determinar la resistencia máxima a la tracción (RMT) de la continuación prepatelar del cuádriceps (CPC).

Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio en cadáveres humanos. Fueron incluidos diez especímenes, en los cuales se utilizaron los tercios proximal y medial de la cortical anterior de la patela para evaluar las propiedades mecánicas de la CPC. En cada espécimen, se estudió un área de sección transversal de 0,2 cm2 (A1) y 1 cm2 (A2). Se aplicó una carga gradual para determinar la RMT.

Resultados La mediana de la RMT en el A1 fue de 232,56 N (rango: 141,23 N a 295,33 N) y en el A2 fue de 335,30 N (rango: 216,45 N a 371,40 N). El incremento en la TMR fue significativo entre las 2 áreas (p = 0,006).

Conclusión El significado clínico de este estudio es que la CPC es un tejido fuerte que puede servir de anclaje seguro para reconstrucciones alrededor de la patela. Un área relativamente pequeña tolera al menos 140 N y, a medida que crece el área, también aumenta la RMT.

Nivel de evidencia Estudio biomecánico.
Surgical Management of a Massive Frontal Bone Hemangioma: Case Report
Authors: Bird Cylaina E. , Traylor Jeffrey I. , Johnson Zachary D. , Kim Jun , Raisanen Jack , Welch Babu G. , Abdullah Kalil G.
Published: July 2022

Intraosseous hemangiomas are rare, benign tumors that can arise from the calvarium. These lesions often invade the outer table of the skull, but typically spare the inner table and intracranial structures. En bloc surgical resection is the standard treatment for intraosseous hemangiomas. However, a piecemeal resection may be required to safely remove the tumor in cases involving the inner table to protect the underlying brain parenchyma and vascular structures. Proper reconstruction is critical to optimize the cosmetic outcome, and a staged procedure allowing implantation of a custom-made implant can be considered for large lesions involving the forehead. We present a case of a patient with a large frontal intraosseous hemangioma with intradural involvement to highlight the surgical nuances of resection and review the existing literature regarding optimal management of these patients.
Profile and Outcome of Children with Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience from India
Authors: Banerjee Bidisha , Thanvi Ayesha , Prabhu Sameeta M.
Published: July 2022

Opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is a rare but treatable, often paraneoplastic neuroimmunologic condition. This is a retrospective chart review of 8 patients diagnosed in the past 11 years at a tertiary care hospital. The mean age of children with OMAS was 21.2 ± 8 months. There was a female preponderance (62.5%). Median symptom duration was 24.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 12.7; 97.5). All patients had ataxia and irritability; 6 had opsoclonus.

An underlying neurogenic tumor was identified in 87.5% (⅞) of the patients by computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroblastoma was detected in ⅘ with normal 24-hour urinary vanillylmandelic acid and 2 had negative metaiodobenzylguanidine scan.

All patients received adrenocorticotropic hormone/steroids for a median of 9.5 months (IQR 5.3; 13.5) with clonazepam. Five received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), including repeated cycles in ⅘. Two received rituximab. One child with relapsing-remitting course received pulse dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide, resulting in improvement. Clonazepam restored ambulation in one with delayed diagnosis and failure of response to steroids. Six patients underwent tumor resection and four needed chemotherapies.

Median follow-up was 15 months (IQR 10.7; 23.2). Mean OMAS-severity scale reduced from 10 to 1.4 in the IVIG group and 10.6 to 5.3 in those who did not receive IVIG. Cognitive delay and behavioral issues were seen in 100% treated with steroids only; 50 and 25%, respectively, treated with multimodal immunotherapy. Five had relapses, one with tumor recurrence.

Thorax and abdomen CT scan was found to be a sensitive tool for tumor detection. Better motor and cognitive behavioral outcome were noted in patients who received adjunctive IVIG.

Future studies on optimum investigation and treatment protocol in various resource settings are needed.
Imaging of Lung Cancer Staging
Authors: Archer J. Matthew , Truong Mylene T. , Shroff Girish S. , Godoy Myrna C. B. , Marom Edith M.
Published: July 2022

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Imaging is integral in accurate clinical staging to stratify patients into groups to predict survival and determine treatment. The eighth edition of the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM-8) staging system proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer in 2016, accepted by both the Union for International Cancer Control and the American Joint Committee on Cancer, is the current standard method of staging lung cancer. This single TNM staging is used for all histologic subtypes of lung cancer, including nonsmall cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumor, and it addresses both clinical and pathologic staging. Familiarity with the strengths and limitations of imaging modalities used in staging, the nuances of TNM-8, its correct nomenclature, and potential pitfalls are important to optimize patient care. In this article, we discuss the role of computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography/CT in lung cancer staging, as well as current imaging recommendations pertaining to TNM-8.
A novel polychromator calibration method for Thomson scattering diagnostics
Authors: Xie Q. F. , Li H. Y. , Tao R. Y. , Li N. , Li S. J. , Liu J. H. , Lun X. C. , Bai R. H. , Deng B. H.
Published: July 2022

Polychromators are most frequently used in Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostics to analyze the scattered light spectrum and intensity so that the plasma electron temperature (Te) and density (ne) can be derived. For Te measurements, the spectral response of the polychromator channels and the relative spectral responsivities need to be calibrated. The spectral response is calibrated with a bromine tungsten lamp and a monochromator in a conventional way. A novel method for calibrating the relative spectral responsivities of the polychromators is described in detail. A broadband pulsed Light Emission Diode (LED) is used, which has a spectral irradiance similar to that of the TS spectrum, and the LED can be driven in pulse mode with the pulse width similar to the TS signal pulse width of about 10–20 ns full width at half maximum. This new method allows for the calibration to be done after the polychromator is fully installed, and in situ system calibration can be easily performed, showing the advantages of accuracy, simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility. For ne measurements, absolute sensitivity calibration is done by Rayleigh scattering with argon gas. Formulas for calculating the plasma density from the calibration data and the polychromator signals from the off-laser wavelength channels are presented.
Methods of investigating the demagnetization factors within assemblies of superparamagnetic nanoparticles
Authors: McCann Steven M. , Leach James , Reddy Subrayal M. , Mercer Tim
Published: July 2022

Three-dimensional distributions of demagnetization factors Nd within assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles have been investigated along the axes of cuboid containing vessels. From the results of a numerical polar-based model, a significant skew toward high values in the number distribution is observed and often overlooked by the assumed uniformity of the conventional analytical approach. To enable comparison with experiment, new transverse susceptibility techniques have been developed, which are also applicable to superparamagnetic assemblies that do not have the magnetization features normally required using conventional methods. Applying the two techniques to a system of ∼13 nm magnetite (Fe3O4) particles resulted in the difference between the in-plane and out-of-plane Nd factors of (0.21 ± 0.03) and (0.201 ± 0.009), respectively, which shows closest agreement with the simulation value for the mode of (0.19 ± 0.02). The median and mean results of the model move further away from the experimental result, yielding values of (0.17 ± 0.02) and (0.16 ± 0.02), respectively, which is consistent with the skewed distributions observed here. In all cases, the sum of the Nd factors from each orthogonal axis was equal to 1, giving further confidence in the model. The new methods allow measurements on the superparamagnetic systems often found at this scale, and the agreement with the model means that the spatial distribution of Nd factors may now be taken into account in studies on any nanoscale material that considers the whole structure as a distribution of magnetic elements.