bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un presente lleno de historia(s): la poliomielitis, entre las secuelas y el legado
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Juan Antonio
Published: October 2021

Vargha, Dóra. Polio across the Iron Curtain: Hungary’s Cold War with

an epidemic. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press;

2018, 254 p. ISBN 9781108431019.

Testa, Daniela Edelvis. Del alcanfor a la vacuna Sabin: La polio en la

Argentina. Buenos Aires: Biblos; 2018, 205 p. ISBN 978-987-691-650-9.
Faint Impressions, Forceful Ideas
Authors: Bozzo Alexander P.
Published: October 2021

A natural reading of Hume’s distinction between impressions and ideas is that impressions are forceful perceptions whereas ideas are faint. A problem emerges, however, when Hume countenances the possibility of faint impressions and forceful ideas. In this paper, I attempt a resolution to the problem. I argue that Hume characterizes impressions and ideas intensionally and extensionally, and sometimes uses the term in only one of the two senses. I argue that Hume intensionally defines impressions and ideas as forceful perceptions and weak perceptions, respectively, but takes these to be extensionally equivalent to original and copied perceptions, respectively. Hume recognizes that his two characterizations—the intensional and extensional—don’t perfectly match up, and that there are exceptions to the purported equivalences (the exceptions being disease, sleep, madness, and enthusiasm). Nonetheless, I argue that Hume’s willing to proceed with his definitions.
The renewal equation in nonlinear approximation
Authors: Yarova O.A. , Yeleyko Ya.I.
Published: October 2021

The family of Markov processes are considered in the article. We study the multidimensional renewal equation in nonlinear approximation. The purpose of the work is to find the limit of renewal function.
Induced mappings on $C_n(X)/{C_n}_K(X)$
Authors: Castañeda-Alvarado E. , Anaya J. G. , Martínez-Cortez J. A.
Published: October 2021

Given a continuum $X$ and $n\in\mathbb{N}$. Let $C_n(X)$ be the hyperspace of all nonempty closed subsets of $X$ with at most $n$ components. Let ${C_n}_K(X)$ be the hyperspace of all elements in $C_n(X)$ containing $K$ where $K$ is a compact subset of $X$. $C^n_K(X)$ denotes the quotient space $C_n(X)/{C_n}_K(X)$. Given a mapping $f:X\to Y$ between continua, let $C_n(f):C_n(X)\to C_n(Y)$ be the induced mapping by $f$, defined by $C_n(f)(A)=f(A)$. We denote the natural induced mapping between $C^n_K(X)$ and $C^n_{f(K)}(Y)$ by $C^n_K(f)$. In this paper, we study relationships among the mappings $f$, $C_n(f)$ and $C^n_K(f)$ for the following classes of mappings: almost monotone, atriodic, confluent, joining, light, monotone, open, OM, pseudo-confluent, quasi-monotone, semi-confluent, strongly freely decomposable, weakly confluent, and weakly monotone.
Finite M/M/1 retrial model with changeable service rate
Authors: Bratiichuk M.S. , Chechelnitsky A.A. , Usar I.Ya.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with M/M/1 -type retrial queueing system with finite orbit. It is supposedthat service rate depends on the loading of the system. The explicit formulae for ergodicdistribution of the number of customers in the system are obtained. The theoretical results areillustrated by numerical examples.
Deiksis Persona dan Pesan Persuasif dalam Buku Pengembangan Diri: Ingatkan Aku Karya Fitria NA
Authors: Nahdiah Putri , Sumadyo Bambang , Sumarto Sumaryati Tjitro
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis deiksis persona dan pesan persuasif pada buku pengembangan diri: Ingatkan Aku karya Fitria NA. Fokus penelitian yakni 1) mengungkapkan bentuk deiksis persona; 2) mengetahui pesan persuasif; dan 3) memaparkan hubungan bentuk deiksis persona dan pesan persuasif dalam buku pengembangan diri: Ingatkan Aku karya Fitria NA. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode analisis simak catat dan memperhatikan teori-teori ahli yang berkaitan dengan deiksis persona dan pesan persuasif. Hasilnya ditemukan 67 data deiksis persona dan pesan persuasif yang disimpulkan: 1) Bentuk deiksis persona didominasi oleh kata ganti orang kedua tunggal. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa buku pengembangan diri: Ingatkan Aku karya Fitria NA menunjukkan komunikasi dua arah dalam tulisan antara penulis dan pembaca. Tujuannya, untuk menarik perhatian dan mengajak pembaca memahami, mengerti, dan melaksanakan anjuran-anjuran baik yang disampaikan penulis dalam buku pengembangan diri. 2) Pesan-pesan persuasif bertemakan keagamaan. 3) Hubungan bentuk deiksis persona dan pesan persuasif adalah munculnya kesan menguatkan. Dominasi deiksis persona yang muncul memperlihatkan bahwa pesan disampaikan secara personal. Ternyata hal tersebut digunakan agar pesan lebih dipahami, didalami, dan dilaksanakan pembaca.

 

Kata Kunci: Persona Deiksis, Pesan Persuasif, Buku Pengembangan Diri, Ingatkan Aku, Fitria NA
Peran Guru Dalam Administrasi Kurikulum
Authors: Noraidarayanti
Published: October 2021

Artikel ini membahas mengenai administrasi kurikulum yang dimana pengertian dari administrasi kurikulum sendiri adalah seluruh proses kegiatan yang direncanakan serta diusahakan secara sengaja dan bersungguh-sungguh serta pembinaan secara berkelanjutan terhadap situasi kegiatan pembelajaran secara efektif dan efisien yang bertujuan guna membantu tercapainya tujuan pendidikan yang telah ditetapkan. Pada jenjang sekolah apapun, tugas utama seorang kepala sekolah adalah menjamin adanya program pengajaran yang baik dan tepat bagi peserta didik. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah memberikan pengertian mengenai administrasi kurikulum.
बौद्ध धम्मदिक्षित स्त्रियांचे सक्षमीकरण
Authors: Maheshkar Priyraj
Published: October 2021

Empowerment of Women converts to Buddhism
वर्धा जिल्ह्यातील महात्मा गांधी प्रणित अस्पृश्यता निवारण चळवळ
Authors: Maheshkar Priyraj
Published: October 2021

Mahatma Gandhi-led untouchability movement in Wardha district
Persatuan Dan Kesatuan Negara Indonesia
Authors: Kodi Dedimus
Published: October 2021

Kemerdekaan negara indonesia di awali dari persatuan dan kesatuan masyarakat dalam mengusir penjajahan bangsa asing sehingga negara indonesia memperoleh kebebasan hidup. Bhineka tunggal ika merupakan semboyan bangsa indonesia yang menjadi gambaran persatuan dan kesatuan. Seiring perkembangan jaman semakin banyak pula rintangan yang di hadapi oleh suatu bangsa sehingga di butuhkan kesatuan dan persatuan untuk menjamin kemakmuran bangsa dan Negara. Dalam menjaga persatuan dan kesatuan di butuhkan pemahaman dari nilai nilai persatuan dan kesatuan sehingga masyarakat mengetahui betapa pentinggnya menjaga persatuan dan kesatuan di dalam suatu Negara.
धम्मदिक्षित बौद्धांमधील सामाजिक परिवर्तन
Authors: Maheshkar Priyraj
Published: October 2021

Social Change in Converts to Buddhism
Differential expression of NUAK1 in cancer of the vulva.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

In these brief notes we document work using published microarray data (1, 2) to pioneer integrative transcriptome analysis comparing vulvar carcinoma to its tissue of origin, the vulva. We report the differential expression of NUAK family kinase 1, encoded by NUAK1, in cancer of the vulva. NUAK1 may be of pertinence to understanding transformation and disease progression in vulvar cancer (3).
अस्पृश्यता : असमानतेच भीषण इतिहास
Authors: Maheshkar Priyraj
Published: October 2021

Untouchability: The Horrible History of Inequality
Open Science in Applied Linguistics: A Preliminary Survey
Authors: Liu Meng , De Cat Cecile
Published: October 2021

The first official step toward Open Science (OS) in Applied Linguistics (AL) was arguably the establishment of IRIS, a discipline-specific data and instrument repository, back in 2011 (Marsden et al., 2016). Since then, there have been active efforts to improve methodological rigour and research quality (e.g., Gass et al., 2021; Plonsky, 2014; Plonsky et al., 2020), as well as initiatives to enhance research transparency, reproducibility and accessibility, such as Registered Reports at Language Learning (Marsden, Morgan-Short, et al., 2018) and the Open Accessible Summaries in Language Studies (OASIS) initiative (Marsden, Alferink, et al., 2018). Nevertheless, little is known regarding how AL researchers currently perceive and practise OS. High uncertainty remains regarding researchers’ beliefs and engagement in OS (Christensen et al., 2020). We argue that to better inform the initiatives led by active proponents of OS in AL, the voices of ordinary researchers (e.g., who may not be active proponents of OS) must be understood and taken into account. To the best of our knowledge, only one survey of such nature has been conducted in the field of AL (cited in Marsden, 2019) and more efforts are still needed to better understand the current status of applied linguists’ perception and practice of OS. As a step in that direction, we conducted a preliminary survey targeting applied linguists, covering topics such as OS attitudes, OS practices and perceived barriers to OS practices.
Data frauds, health risks, and the growing question of ethics during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang , Le Tam-Tri , Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: October 2021

In this essay, we advocate that the issue of health data ethics should no longer be considered on the level of individual scientists or research labs, but rather as a problem involving all stakeholders, from publishers, funders, ethical committees to governments, for the sake of research integrity.
धर्मसुधारणा चळवळीतील महात्मा फुले यांची भूमिका
Authors: Maheshkar Priyraj
Published: October 2021

The role of Mahatma Phule in the Reformation Movement
HIFU Varicose Vein Treatment Using Veinsound Device Feasibility Study On Sheep
Authors: Charrel Thomas , Greillier Bernard
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this nonclinical study was to evaluate the performance (in terms of vein occlusion) and the local tissue effects of echo-guided HIFU (High Intensity Focused Ultrasound) treatments in sheep’s saphenous veins.HIFU treatments were used to treat 4 saphenous veins. Two HIFU doses were evaluated 4s/60J and 7s/105J with and without tumescence injection in perivenous tissues. Before and after treatment, ultrasound scans were performed (at Day 0, 3, 7 and 21). Sheep were then euthanized at D21. Local tissue effects were evaluated based on the macroscopic observations, while the evaluation of the device performance was based on ultrasonic scan.Macroscopically throughout the study duration, for dose of 4s/60J and with tumescence, significant lumens diameter reduction of 84% was observed without skin burns. For doses of 4s/60J without tumescence and 7s/105J skin burns of slight to severe grade was observed along the vein, while no thrombus nor lumen reduction were observed.
Belief in School Meritocracy and the Legitimization of Social and Income Inequality (In press)
Authors: Batruch Anatolia , Jetten Jolanda , van de Werfhorst Herman Gerbert , Darnon Céline , Butera Fabrizio
Published: October 2021

Educational institutions are imbued with an institutional meritocratic discourse: only merit counts for academic success. In this article, we study whether this institutional belief has an impact beyond its primary function of encouraging students to study. We propose that belief in school meritocracy has broader societal impact by legitimizing the social class hierarchy it produces and encouraging the maintenance of inequalities. The results of four studies (including one correlational study, Ntotal = 198; one experiment, Ntotal = 198 and two international data surveys; Ntotal = 88’421 in 40+ countries) indicate that belief in school meritocracy reduces the perceived unfairness of social class inequality in society, support for affirmative action policies at university and support for policies aiming at reducing income inequality. Together, these studies show that belief that schools are meritocratic carry consequences beyond the school context as it is associated with attitudes that maintain social class and economic inequality.
Social Media Reveals Urban-Rural Differences in Stress across China
Authors: Cui Jesse , Zhang Tingdan , Jaidka Kokil , Pang Dandan , Sherman Garrick , Jakhetiya Vinit , Ungar Lyle H , Guntuku Sharath Chandra
Published: October 2021

Modeling differential stress expressions in urban and rural regions in China can provide a better understanding of the effects of urbanization on psychological well-being in a country that has rapidly grown economically in the last two decades. This paper studies linguistic differences in the experiences and expressions of stress in urban-rural China from Weibo posts from over 65,000 users across 329 counties using hierarchical mixed-effects models. We analyzed phrases, topical themes, and psycho-linguistic word choices in Weibo posts mentioning stress to better understand appraisal differences surrounding psychological stress in urban and rural communities in China; we then compared them with large-scale polls from Gallup. After controlling for socioeconomic and gender differences, we found that rural communities tend to express stress in emotional and personal themes such as relationships, health, and opportunity while users in urban areas express stress using relative, temporal, and external themes such as work, politics, and economics. These differences exist beyond controlling for GDP and urbanization, indicating a fundamentally different lifestyle between rural and urban residents in very specific environments, arguably having different sources of stress. We found corroborative trends in physical, financial, and social wellness with urbanization in Gallup polls.
A Tutorial on Bayesian Model-Averaged Meta-Analysis in JASP
Authors: Berkhout Sophie Wilhelmina , Haaf Julia M. , Gronau Quentin Frederik , Heck Daniel W. , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: October 2021

Researchers conduct a meta-analysis in order to synthesize information across different studies. Compared to standard meta-analytic methods, Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis offers several practical advantages including the ability to quantify evidence in favor of the absence of an effect, the ability to monitor evidence as individual studies accumulate indefinitely, and the ability to draw inferences based on multiple models simultaneously. This tutorial introduces the concepts and logic underlying Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis and illustrates its application using the open-source software JASP. As a running example, we perform a Bayesian meta-analysis on language development in children. We show how to conduct a Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis and how to interpret the results.
Hidden wisdom or pseudo-profound bullshit? The effect of speaker admirability
Authors: Kara-Yakoubian Mane , Meyers Ethan Andrew , Sharpinskyi Constantine , Dorfman Anna , Grossmann Igor
Published: October 2021

How do people reason in response to ambiguous messages shared by admirable individuals? Using behavioral markers and self-report questionnaires, in two experiments (N = 571) we examined the influence of speakers’ admirability on meaning-seeking and wise reasoning in response to pseudo-profound bullshit. In both studies, statements that sounded superficially impressive but lacked intent to communicate meaning generated meaning-seeking, but only when delivered by high admirability speakers (e.g., the Dalai Lama) as compared to low admirability speakers (e.g., Kim Kardashian). The effect of speakers’ admirability on meaning-seeking was unique to pseudo-profound bullshit statements and was absent for mundane (Study 1) and motivational (Study 2) statements. In Study 2, participants also engaged in wiser reasoning for pseudo-profound bullshit (vs. motivational) statements and did more so when speakers were high in admirability. These effects occurred independently of the amount of time spent on statements or the complexity of participants’ reflections. It appears that pseudo-profound bullshit can promote epistemic reflection and certain aspects of wisdom, when associated with an admirable speaker.
A Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Most Cited Articles on Problem-based Learning in Medical Education
Authors: Kulo Violet , Cestone Christina
Published: October 2021

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an instructional approach used in medical education that is characterized by solving patient-based problems in small groups with tutor guidance. More than 50 years since PBL’s inception, many questions remain to be addressed about its processes and learning outcomes. This study examined the bibliometric characteristics of the 100 most cited articles on PBL in medical education to identify the landmark papers that have made significant contributions to PBL research. A search was conducted in the Scopus database to identify articles on PBL in medical education. Tables of citation rankings, research type, foci, and network visualizations of collaborations between authors and countries were generated. The 100 most cited articles were contributed by 212 authors in 23 journals between 1981-2016. Most articles (68%) were published in Medical Education, Academic Medicine and Medical Teacher. The majority of the articles (71%) originated from Netherlands, Canada, and the United States and six prolific authors were identified. The articles cover a broad range of topics from the theoretical basis for PBL to its effectiveness. The strong author and country collaborative networks indicate continued global interest in the PBL instructional method. Our findings show a paucity of studies on the actual implementation of PBL, its long-term impact, as well as rigorous qualitative studies.
ONTOLOGICAL LOCATION AND IDENTITY FORMATION IN WESTERFELD’S EXTRAS: A POSTHUMANIST STUDY
Authors: Sakib S M Nazmuz
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to discover the scientific and technological elements that lead towards becoming a posthuman. Moreover, the purpose of this dissertation is to discover the presence of the posthuman influences and the process of identity formation in adolescent fiction. The main idea of this research is that one’s sense of identity is determined largely by choices and commitments made regarding certain personal and social straits. This study also explores an entity that exists in a state beyond being human and the existence of human beings in the post humanist perspective. The primary text under consideration is Scott Westerfeld’s young adult fiction Extras in the light of contemporary posthuman discourse extended by Pramod K. Nayar and from a literary perspective of Cyborg theory in adolescent fiction. Before posthumanism, humans were the center of universe. Humanist man is the product of evolutionary process and image of natural environment, which has no eternal purpose, but to glorify man. Post humanist sees the unified and autonomous human subject is a myth and contends that humanism has reached its end. It has to do with coexistence, that is, the relationship between human and posthumans. Hence, the focus of my dissertation will be on the centrality and existence of humans into cybernetic advancement and scientific technological world.
Die Bedeutung der Digitalisierung für das Management von Weiterbildungsorganisationen
Authors: Koschorreck Jan , Gundermann Angelika
Published: October 2021

Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick zu Implikationen der Digitalisierung mit Blick auf 1) Führen und Organisieren, 2) Weiterbildungsmarketing, 3) Kooperationen und 4) Organisationskultur als Aspekte von Management in Weiterbildungsorganisationen. Die Grundlage bildet eine Synthese aus 23 Forschungsarbeiten sowie ausgewählter theoriebildender Literatur aus einer Recherche zu Veröffentlichungen aus dem Zeitraum 2016 bis 2020. Der Forschungsstand zum Th ema ist wenig gesättigt, und nur wenige Studien adressieren die o.g. Aspekte unmittelbar. Die Analyse zeigt, dass 1) Strategien unabdingbar für die digitale Transformation sind und Leitungspersonal entsprechende Kompetenzen mitbringen oder entwickeln muss; 2) der Markteintritt von Digitalunternehmen im Weiterbildungsmarketing neue Formen der Generierung von Nachfrage bietet, wobei der Einsatz digitaler Werkzeuge zeit- und ressourcenintensiv ist, erhoffte Effekte aber nicht gesichert sind; 3) Kooperationen auch in der digitalen Transformation wechselseitige Offenheit verlangen und vielseitig nutzbar sind; 4) Leitende die Gestaltung einer digitalisierungsförderlichen Organisationskultur vermittelnd und unterstützend begleiten sollten. Reifegradmodelle für die digitale Entwicklung von Bildungsorganisationen können in allen o.g. Aspekten Orientierung bieten, bedürfen aber intensiver Reflektion, tieferer Differenzierung und Operationalisierung. Insgesamt besteht großer Bedarf an weiterer Forschung für und über das Management der digitalen Transformation von Organisationen der EB/WB.
Sprzeczności i antynomie jako przypadłość demokracji
Authors: Karolczuk Edward
Published: October 2021

Cechą każdego ustroju demokratycznego – w tym także neoliberalnego – ze względu na jego genezę i pełnione funkcje, są pewne antynomie. Celem wyznaczonym w opracowaniu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, czy zasadne jest stosowanie kategorii sprzeczności logicznej i sprzeczności dialektycznej w badaniu zagadnienia demokracji. Aby odpowiednio zrozumieć wewnętrzne sprzeczności demokracji neoliberalnej konieczne jest, zdaniem autora, posługiwanie się dialektyką – tak, jak ją rozumieli G.W.F. Hegel i K.Marks. 

Punktem wyjścia w rozważaniach autora jest przywołanie pojęcia dialektyki w kontekście analizy demokracji liberalnej. Kolejnymi syntetycznie omówionymi pojęciami w części wstępnej artykułu sąpojęcia sprzeczności i antynomii oraz ich rodzaje, istotne z punktu widzenia tematu i celu opracowania. Pozwalają ona na wskazanie w ostatniej części typowych antynomii demokracji (m.in. ,,władzy ludu”, równości, wolności, większości i mniejszości).
Dividend Payout Ratio Pada Sektor Trade & Services di Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI)
Authors: Heryes Lidia Jane
Published: October 2021

Rasio pembayaran dividen merupakan hal yang menjadi pusat perhatian investor di pasar modal. Secara umum, setiap investor mengharapkan rasio pembayaran dividen yang rutin dan stabil. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji apakah rasio lancar, rasio hutang, return on asset, dan pertumbuhan aset mempengaruhi suatu sektor trade dan services dalam membayarkan rasio pembayaran dividen kepada investor. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini menggunakan laporan keuangan tahunan yang diperoleh dari Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada sektor trade dan services. Subjek penelitian merupakan 10 perusahaan yang rutin memberikan dividen dari tahun 2014 sampai tahun 2017. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan STATA versi 16.0 dan model regresi data panel yang terpilih yaitu Random Effect (RE). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa rasio lancar, rasio hutang, return on asset, dan pertumbuhan aset sebesar 54,75% secara serentak mempengaruhi rasio pembayaran dividen (DPR). Secara parsial rasio lancar tidak mempengaruhi rasio pembayaran dividen, rasio hutang mempengaruhi secara negatif terhadap rasio pembayaran dividen, ROA mempengaruhi secara positif terhadap DPR, dan pertumbuhan aset tidak mempengaruhi rasio pembayaran dividen pada sektor trade dan services.
Upaya Pencegahan Kecurangan Dalam Mengelola Dana Desa Sesuai Dengan Prinsip Akuntabilitas Dan Transparansi
Authors: Rahayu Fransiska , Ekasari Luh Dian , Mukoffi Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Abstrak Adapun tujuan dari riset ini ialah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana untuk dapat menganalisis sebuah upaya dalam pencegahan terjadinya fraud terhadap sistem pengelolaan keuangan pada desa, serta dapat mengetahui faktor pendorong serta penghambat terjadinya fraud terhadap sistem pengelolaan keuangan pada desa. Riset ini menggunakan riset kualitatif yang mana bertujuan untuk dapat melihat sejauh mana fenomena yang terjadi terkait dengan sistem pengelolaan keuangan desa. Lokasi yang akan dijadikan sumber riset ini ialah Desa sumbersekar yang beralamat di Jalan Raya Sumbersekar No. 108, Krajan, Sumbersekar, Kec.Dau Malang, Jawa Timur 65151. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari data sekunder serta data primer, teknik pengumpulan data pada riset ini ialah dokumentasi interview serta observasi. Teknik analisa data yang akan digunakan dalam riset ini ialah Pengumpulan Data, Reduksi Data, Penyajian Data sampai dengan penarikan sebuah kesimpulan yang ada. Hasil yang digukan dalam riset ini ialah desa sumbersekar telah menerapakan prinsip akuntanbilitas dalam pengelolaan alokasi dana desa pada desa sumbersekar sudah cukup baik karena melibatkan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan karena dalam pencegahan kecurangan pengeloaan dana desa sumbersekar juga telah menerapkan prinsip akuntanbilitas karena pemerintah telah memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat desa tentang dana desa juga pemerintah desa mengajak masyarakatnya peran aktif dalam pelaksanaan pengawasan kinrja pemerintah desa dalam pengelolaan dana desa dalam rencana kerja pemerintah desa selanjutnya dan dalam penggunaan dana desa.
Umowa o handlu i współpracy między UE a Wielką Brytanią
Authors: Kundera Jarosław
Published: October 2021

The Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) is a free trade agreement signed in accordance with WTO rules. It consists of 12 chapters and many annexes, which contain provisions on the free movement of goods, investments, payments, rules of origin, common institutions, dispute resolution procedure, cooperation in the field of transport, environmental protection, combating terrorism and crime. In view of the UK’s exit from the EU, it is important to analyse, what is most interesting in the Agreement and what it does not contain, e.g. provisions on the free movement of workers, students, financial services, the right of citizens to work, the common trade, agricultural policy, regional policy, financing of the EU budget. Because the Agreement limits the existing freedoms and scope of mutual cooperation, the aim of this Article is to analyse not only its provisions, but also the consequences that it will bring in terms of benefits and costs for the UK and the EU. The author uses a well-known non-Europe methodology in his research, taking into account the fact that things, which are now benefits of integration, could prove to be the costs of disintegration tomorrow. The costs and benefits of the Agreement should be assessed through the lens of the current costs and benefits of the UK’s membership of the EU. From this point of view, the implementation of the Agreement will bring higher alternative costs in the form of lower trade in goods and services, capital migration and workers in comparison with their volume, that can be achieved in the EU. The conducted analysis demonstrates that these costs will not be compensated by the savings from the UK contribution to the EU budget.
Two Americas, Two Value Systems : Blacks and Whites
Authors: Lipset Seymour M.
Published: October 2021

Affirmative action policies, perceived as special preferences for blacks, other defined minorities such as Native Americans, Hispanics and certain groups of Asians, and women, have introduced a new approach to promoting equality in American life. The old approach, initially voiced in the Declaration of Independence, emphasized equality for individuals, defined as equality of opportunity. The new one focuses on equality for promoting equality in American life. The old approach, initially voiced in the Declaration of Independence, emphasized equality for individuals, defined as equality of opportunity.
Necessary Illusions: the Transformation of Governance Structures in the New Germany
Authors: Seibel Wolfgang
Published: October 2021

Unified Germany is not simply an extended version of West Germany before 9 November 1989. but a new Germany. The forces dial have made this entity different from the West German model are revealing themselves in the structure of governance that is emerging. In this paper I attempt a preliminary account of this evolving structure of governance. address three questions: First, how the process of unification is being managed politically. Second, what crucial problems and dilemmas arc likely to emerge and how will the German political system deal with these issues. Third, how will the process of unification affect general structural change in Gentian polity.
The Political Geometry of the Gulf War
Authors: Caplow Theodore
Published: October 2021

In the course of World War II, the seven great powers of 1939 – Germany, the Soviet Union. Britain. France, Italy, Japan and the United States – were temporarily reduced to two. each commanding awesome strength, and each posing a realistic threat of world domination. The huge forces of the Soviet Union at the edge of western Europe were positioned to move all the way to the Atlantic, thus achieving the control of the Eurasian heartland that, according to geopolitical doctrine, would confer world domination. There were fifth columns prepared to assist them within most European and Asiatic nations.
Contribution to an Italian Bibliography on Alexis de Tocqueville
Authors: Dall'Aglio Maramotti Michela
Published: October 2021

Although the purpose of this article is to offer the foreign reader an up-to-date account of Italian Tocqueville scholarship, I think it useful to mention the stages which have led to the latest themes and results. Italian scholars showed an early interest in Tocqueville, whose works, since Risorgimento, influenced the thought and studies of men such as Cavour, Minghetti, and Rosmini.
De Gaulle Between the Superpowers
Authors: DePorte Anton W.
Published: October 2021

Charles de Gaulle was a supreme political pragmatist who constantly adapted his foreign policies to the rapidly changing world in which he projected them. At the same time, the objectives he pursued were fixed throughout his career. From 1940 to 1946 and from 1958 to 1969 de Gaulle worked always to establish France's independence, that is, its ability to make decisions affecting its own well-being free of constraints imposed by powerful allies, powerful enemies and international organizations including the United Nations, the Atlantic Alliance and the European Communities.
De Gaulle: l'homme et le caractère
Authors: Lefranc Pierre
Published: October 2021

Mon objet n'est pas d'aborder l'action et l'œuvre du général de Gaulle bien qu'il semble que ce soit là un sujet presque inépuisable, mais de m'efforcer de tracer un portrait de l'homme que j'ai eu, comme l'un de ses proches collaborateurs, le privilège d'accompagner pendant plus de vingt années.
De Gaulle : la photo justifiée
Authors: Ostier Jacques
Published: October 2021

La première image (ci-contre en haut à gauche) est célèbre. Elle a été récemment vue affichée en immense format dans le métro parisien. Elle est généralement accompagnée d'une légende. Si la légende est malhonnête, elle dit: «Le Général de Gaulle prononçant l'Appel du 18 juin 1940». Si la légende est ambiguë, elle dit: «L’homme de l’Appel du 18 juin».
Le Moujik et la Pérestroïka
Authors: Milov Leonid
Published: October 2021

On le sait, la zone qui constitue le centre historique de la Russie est loin d'être la plus propice à l'agriculture. A cela, deux raisons essentielles: des terres peu fertiles et un climat défavorable.
The Liberal Critique of Rights in Montesquieu and Hume
Authors: Pangle Thomas L.
Published: October 2021

The notion of Natural Rights or Human Rights has constituted the moral center of liberalism since its inception in the seventeenth century. Yet not long after the great founders, Spinoza and Locke, had laid the foundations, there emerged within the liberal tradition certain penetrating notes of skepticism as regards the political wisdom--and even, to some extent, the moral soundness--of an unmitigated stress on the rights of the individual. The most profound sources of these doubts were Montesquieu and Hume, each of whom contributed to laying the groundwork of what we may call "conservative liberalism."
Montesquieu et la découverte de l’Amérique
Authors: Labbens Jean
Published: October 2021

«J'ai ouï plusieurs fois déplorer l'aveuglement du Conseil de François ler qui rebuta Christophe Colomb, qui lui proposait les Indes. En vérité, on fit, peut-être par inadvertance, une chose bien sage»3. Aux environs de 1492, les Conseillers du Roi de France s'intéressaient aux affaires d'Italie plutôt qu’à de nouvelles routes maritimes. Préférer une chimère à un grand dessein, c'est le propre d'une politique insensée. Et pourtant, selon Montesquieu, cette «sottise» fut heureuse: elle épargna à la nation française les périls et les dommages qu'une profonde sagesse n'eût sans doute ni prévus ni évités.
Le cumul des mandats en France
Authors: Dion Stéphane
Published: October 2021

Le système politico-administratif local français se caractérise par quelques particularismes marqués
The Age of Statutory Fundamental Rights
Authors: Monaghan Henry Paul
Published: October 2021

An invitation to present a brief description of the legal enforcement of civil liberties in the United States 200 years after its adoption of the Bill of Rights is a formidable task. Inevitably, generalizations must be made that, on closer examination, will need qualification or revision. More importantly, however, what should one emphasize to a foreign audience about the legal enforcement of civil liberties in the United States at the end of the twentieth century?
Garantir les Droits de l'homme : 1791-1793
Authors: Jaume Lucien
Published: October 2021

"Toutes les Constitutions qui ont été données à la France garantissaient également la liberté individuelle, et, sous l'empire de ces Constitutions, la liberté individuelle a été violée sans cesse. C'est qu'une simple déclaration ne suffît pas ; il faut des sauvegardes positives".
Le débat des Droits de l'Homme en France et aux Etats-Unis
Authors: Lacorne Denis
Published: October 2021

S'interroger sur l'origine, le contenu et l'effet des déclarations des droits de l'homme et du citoyen en France et aux Etats-Unis, c'est d'abord questionner un mythe, celui de la Révolution française comme révolution universelle et modèle universel de toute révolution, et surtout une certaine idée de la France qui disposerait d'un triple monopole de l'universalité, des Droits de l'homme et de l'humanité. Ce mythe est ancien, consubstantiel au débat français des Droits de l'homme de l'été 1789 et ainsi résumé, dès cette époque, par l'abbé Brun de la Combe : "Puisque nous venons après les Anglo-Américains, nous devons tendre à nous donner une constitution plus parfaite que la leur ; nous devons les surpasser, comme les Anglais avaient surpassé les meilleurs modèles connus du temps de leur révolution".
Rights in France : reflections on the etiolation of a political language
Authors: Judt Tony
Published: October 2021

The last decade in France has seen an efflorescence of self-consciously liberal political thought. The reasons for this have been well-rehearsed elsewhere ; the discrediting of marxism, in practice and in theory ; the stabilisation and "pluralisation" of the political system ; rapid transformation of the economy and an accompanying interest in the American model. The latter enthusiasm has been echoed in the intellectual community by a new attention to works of political philosophy in the anglo-american tradition, many of which have recently been translated for the first time.
Opinion et socio-culture: évolution de la société française situation en 1992-1993
Authors: Paitra Jacques
Published: October 2021

Les transformations en cours de la société française sont-elles symptomatiques de l'évolution des sociétés occidentales ? Années 1990-1995 : crises, ruptures ou mutations ?
Raison et constitution chez Wilhelm von Humboldt
Authors: Barash Jeffrey Andrew
Published: October 2021

C'est en août 1789 que le jeune Wilhelm von Humboldt, âgé de 22 ans, arrive à Paris où il est témoin des premières semaines de la Révolution Française. Frère cadet de l'explorateur et scientifique Alexandre von Humboldt, le jeune Wilhelm avait suivi ses études à l'Université de Göttingen et décide d'entreprendre ce voyage en France en compagnie de son ancien professeur Joachim Heinrich Campe.
Tocqueville and the Sublimity of Democracy
Authors: Ankersmit Franklin Rudolf
Published: October 2021

'All this can be taken as evidence of the recognition that narrative, far from being merely a form of discourse that can be filled with different contents, real or imaginary as the case may be, already possesses a content prior to any given actualization of it in speech or in writing'.
L'idée de subsidiarité, la question européenne et la tentation du modèle impérial
Authors: Millon-Delsol Chantal
Published: October 2021

L'idée de subsidiarité se trouve constamment mise en avant depuis la fin des années quatre-vingt par les instigateurs et rédacteurs des différents textes européens. Il n'est pas exagéré de dire qu'elle est devenue la clé de voûte de la construction européenne : invoquée dans tous les domaines de l'action communautaire, et objet d'interrogations multiples concernant sa concrétisation.
Elitism and Democracy
Authors: Dore Ronald
Published: October 2021

The East is having an impact on the West. No sooner has the great ideological divide between capitalism and socialism evaporated with the collapse of the controlled economics of Easter Europe, than a new debate arises about the conflict between different kinds of capitalism. In the World Bank and the IMF, Japanese delegates protest at the way in which developing countries and the ex-communist countries are being required to conform to American notions of capitalist efficiency -- as described and prescribed by neo-classical economists, a tribe within which Americans predominate1.
Social Movements in Spain
Authors: Laraña Enrique
Published: October 2021

Until recent years, the term "movement" had a peculiar meaning in Spain since it referred to an aggregate of political forces that supported the military coup against the Republic and got the victory after three years of Civil War in 1939. The "Movimiento Nacional" does not fit into most current conceptions of social movements, and was mainly a political instrument for the unification of these forces under the rule of general Franco (Tusell 1992). Its authoritarian principles were the legal basis for the Regime until 1975, when the former died and a peaceful process of democratic transition took place.
Tocqueville and the French
Authors: Welch Cheryl B.
Published: October 2021

For contemporary political theorists, the events of nineteenth-century France – the "bourgeois" revolution of 1830, the revolutionary eruption of 1848 with its dénouement in Bonapartism, and the "heroic" moment of the Paris Commune – have entered the domain of reflection on modern politics through Marx. Not only for Marxists, but for those who learned political theory in a Marxist tradition or whose primary acquaintance with nineteenth-century France came from Marx's trenchant dissection of its class struggles, this was a story fraught with universal significance. Indeed, French historical events have long functioned as dramatic signs or markers of the modern relationship between state and civil society, and between democracy and revolution.
Unité, égalité et centralisation : une trilogie sans alternative
Authors: Roldán Darío
Published: October 2021

À partir de la Restauration, le dix-neuvième siècle a tenté de construire, à la fois, un état et une société. L'héritage laissé par la révolution – la suppression des privilèges – fut un des principes de base de cette aventure exceptionnelle caractérisée par deux obsessions : l'égalité et l'unité1. Et par une conviction : l'impérieuse nécessité de dépasser le conflit ouvert entre révolution et réaction.
Tocqueville and the Sublimity of Democracy (Part 2)
Authors: Ankersmit Franklin R.
Published: October 2021

Metaphor is the trope that comes naturally to both historiography and political theory.
Sociology as Science, Humanism, and Art
Authors: Smelser Neil J.
Published: October 2021

II was about 150 years ago that William Graham Sumner was born, the son of an English machinist who endowed his son with a work ethic, a sense of personal integrity, and a stubborn independence from the world – qualities that were cloned on to the son in such a way that they were never shaken. Later in his life Sumner developed a love for what he called the Forgotten Man" – the independent citizen who worked hard, paid his debts and taxes, dutifully raised his family, and perpetuated community values. One senses that, in lamenting that this man was forgotten. Sumner might have been reviving the ghost of his father.
Tocqueville á l'Est
Authors: Mélonio Françoise
Published: October 2021

Depuis la chute du mur de Berlin, le Drang nach Osten des intellectuels occidentaux a produit plus de gesticulations médiatiques et d’enthousiasmes éphémères que d'initiatives durables. D'où l'intérêt de la «Tocquevilliade» qui vient de s'achever : de juin 1991 à juin 1994 la Direction du livre (ministère de la Culture) et le ministère des Affaires étrangères français ont organisé une chaîne de neuf colloques d'intellectuels intitulés «Tocqueville et la démocratie», placés sous la responsabilité intellectuelle de François Furet et égrenés à Novi Sad, Prague, Bucarest, Sofia, Cracovic, Moscou, Budapest, Zagreb, et Valognes en Normandie, circonscription électorale de Tocqueville.
A Parallel Case: Mixed Reactions to American Influence on Spanish Popular Culture
Authors: del Campo Salustiano , Gil-Calvo Enrique
Published: October 2021

It may be argued that the solidity of a country's popular culture (and hence its capacity to resist penetration by foreign cultural forms) depends on its inhabitants' consciousness of sharing a common national identity: a highly nationalistic society will successfully repel alien cultural invasions while a society with a weak national consciousness will easily absorb extraneous cultural forms. It must be noted that the national identity referred to is a historical construction contingent upon the element of conflict, competition or opposition that has characterized the country's relations with its neighbours throughout generations.
La crise du syndicalisme et l’évolution des comportements patronaux
Authors: Landier Hubert
Published: October 2021

Le syndicalisme frangais est un syndicalisme divisé. Et il est loin d’avoir le nombre d’adherents et la puissance financiere que peuvent avoir les centrales syndicales en certains autres pays développés du monde occidental. C’est d’autre part un truisme que d’affirmer qu’il est aujourd’hui en crise.
The American Political Scene
Authors: Rowland C. K. , Casstevens Thomas W.
Published: October 2021

The American political scene is dominated, as these words are written, by presidential primaries and personal campaigns for presidential nominations. The selection of the chief executive, of course, will be the signal political event of the year 1980. Congressional elections, unlike general elections in parliamentary systems, rarely energize and organize the polity on a national basis. Presidential elections are the national political process in the United States.
Internationalism or Interventionism : The American Mood after Iran and Afghanistan
Authors: Fleming Jeanne , Fraleigh Michael , Stedman Steven
Published: October 2021

Much of the research into the post-Victnam political climate of the United States focuses on the question of the changing American attitude toward international issues. While the war in Vietnam is now history, its long term impact upon the public’s attitudes toward the United States’ role in global affairs is unclear. Recent data suggest that after an initial period of isolationism in the early 1970s, there is now a trend toward a new commitment to international involvement.
La Politique étrangère de Valéry Giscard d’Estaing
Authors: Hoffmann Stanley
Published: October 2021

Depuis ma derniere chronique consacrée á la politique intérieurc, celle-ci a, si j’ose dire, abondé dans le sens que j’avais indiqué, sans changcments profonds ni rétablissement spectaculaire. Ce sont les évenements internationaux qui ont attiré l’attention et remis á l’ordre du jour un sujet qui avait provoqué bien des controverses cntre la France et les Etats-Unis du temps du General de Gaulle puis dans les mois qui précéderent la mort de Georges Pompidou : la politique étrangere de la 5e République.
Commentaire
Authors: Grosser Alfred
Published: October 2021

Il y a évidcmment d’abord un probléme de perspective. Stanley écrit un peu comme s’il s’adressait á un public américain convaincu de la perfidie fransaisc. Quand je suis aux Etats-Unis, j’adopte sans difficulte cette perspective. Mais la Société Tocqueville est transatlantique et lue par des gens capables de regarder simultaneraént les deux faces de la realite franco-américaine.
Détente : le mot piège
Authors: Chevrillon Olivier
Published: October 2021

J’aimais ce mot couleur de paix, comme tout le monde. Mais ne révons pas : il n’a plus de sens, á supposer qu;il en ait eu jamais. Il embrouille les idées et perpétue les illusions. D’ailleurs, á force de susciter le malentendu dans les apports Estouest, il pourrait méme entrainer des erreurs de calcul et des risques de guerre.
L’Economie américaine et les élections
Authors: Laulan Yves
Published: October 2021

Un moment occultée par les conséquences politiques des événements internationaux, notamment ceux d’lran, la situation économique des Etats-Unis revient progressivement au prémier plan des preoccupations des électeurs américains. De plus en plus, Targumentation mise en avant par les différents candidats á la présidence porte sur les résultats de Taction du President Carter en matiere economique et sur les orientations de la politique quil faudrait mener en ce domaine.
La France, puissance exportatrice
Authors: Devies Bertrand
Published: October 2021

"La France troisiéme exportateur mondial". Cette nouvelle a abondamment alimenté la rubrique économique de nombreux journaux frangais en début d’année. En effet, au quatriéme trimestre de 1979, en données corrigees des variations saisonnieres et exprimees en dollars, les exportations totales de la France ont ete superieures a cclles du Japon, jusqu’alors troisieme exportateur mondial, aprcs les Etats-Unis et FAllemagne federale.
Continuity and Change in the American National Character
Authors: Inkeles Alex
Published: October 2021

On committing myself to a study of continuity and change in the American national character, I began to revisit the classics that have long dominated our thinking about the early Americans. Inevitably I turned again to Harriet Martineau’s sensitive and perceptive Society in America. Feeling a bit insecure about relying on shortened and adapted versions available on my own bookshelf, I sought an unabridged text. To my delight, the Stanford University Library yielded up the first edition, published in London in 1837. But on opening this edition I received a rude shock. On the very first page, set off in special type, I encountered a paralyzing statement, which I had previously either not seen or not noticed.
Ethnic Mobilization and the Pursuit of Post-Industrial Values
Authors: Jacobs James
Published: October 2021

Few paradoxes of modern French society are so striking to the modern-day observer as the persistence of unreconciled linguistic minority groups in France nearly two centuries after the Revolution.
L’Europe et sa defense: Bilan et perspectives
Authors: Close Robert
Published: October 2021

Devant l’impuissance des hommes et la carence des institutions, on se prend à réver à quelque coup de force qui, à l’instar de l’enlévement d’Europe par le taureau légendaire de la mythologie grecque, arracherait notre continent somnolent à ce monde de velléités, de palabres et d’atermoiements ou il semble se complaire. Le sursaut salutaire viendra-t-il à point nomme?
United States’ Economic Instability: Is Reaganomics the Problem or the Solution?
Authors: Mallett James E.
Published: October 2021

As this article is being written, unemployment in the United States is nine percent and rising higher, factory production has fallen 9.6 percent since July 1981; and the leading economic indicators are still pointing downward. Figures alone do not convey the weakness of the American economy. Omitted from these figures is the human suffering caused by the unemployment, the lagging productivity of American industry’, the de facto bankruptcy of the savings and loan industry, and the imbalance in the debt-to-equity ratio of corporations.