bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Getting together or breaking apart? Trade union strategies, restructuring and contingent workers in Southern Europe
Authors: Kornelakis Andreas , Voskeritsian Horen
Published: March 2016

The article considers the strategies of trade unions towards the representation of call centre workers. Using a comparative case study, it examines the divergent union responses to the growth of contingent labour by looking at the telecommunications industries in Italy and Greece. Although the trade unions in Italy pursued inclusive strategies embracing the call centre workers and negotiating the restructuring of the whole sector, the unions in Greece followed a policy of exclusion leaving call centre workers outside representation and negotiating their internal restructuring. The article argues that the different union identities, and the diverse power resources and internal organizational politics help explain the variation in the trade unions’ strategic responses.
A Decade of Love and Hate
Authors: Lendon Jessica Penn
Published: February 2016

The intergenerational ambivalence paradigm is a critical lens for understanding the complexities of aging families, and researchers have begun to explore the potential changes and implications of ambivalence over the life course. This study is one of few to examine trajectories of ambivalence over 13 years and is the first to include two birth cohorts of reciprocal parent–child dyads. This research uses five waves of the Longitudinal Study of Generations to assess changes in ambivalence and reciprocal influences among 903 parent–child dyads using latent growth models. Primary findings show an overall decline in ambivalence over time with different patterns by generation, cohort/life stage, and gender. Children experienced greater levels of ambivalence than parents. There is a reciprocal influence of ambivalence in parent–child dyads; parents and children have similar trajectories of ambivalence and the older generation of parents’ ambivalence exerted influence on the change in their children’s ambivalence over time. This study highlights the importance of using longitudinal data and reciprocal dyads in intergenerational research and adds to theory about the important influences of life stages, social contexts, and linked lives on intergenerational ambivalence.
Biocompatibility and Systemic Safety of a Novel Implantable Annuloplasty Ring for the Treatment of Mitral Regurgitation in a Minipig Model
Authors: Ramot Yuval , Rousselle Serge D. , Yellin Nadav , Willenz Udi , Sabag Itai , Avner Avi , Nyska Abraham
Published: February 2016

Prosthetic annuloplasty rings are a common treatment modality for mitral regurgitation, and recently, percutaneous implantation techniques have gained popularity due to their favorable safety profile. Although in common use, biocompatibility of annuloplasty rings has been reported only sparsely in the literature, and none of these reports used the percutaneous technique of implantation. We report on the biocompatibility and the systemic safety of a novel transcatheter mitral valve annuloplasty ring (AMEND™) in 6 minipigs. This device is composed of a nitinol tube surrounded by a braided polyethylene terephthalate fabric tube. The device produced no adverse inflammatory response, showing gradual integration between the metal ring and the fabric by normal host fibrocellular response, leading to complete neoendocardium coverage. There was no evidence for adverse reactions, rejection, or intolerance in the valvular structure. In 2 animals, hemopericardium resulted from the implantation procedure, leading to right-sided cardiac insufficiency with pulmonary edema and liver congestion. The findings reported herein can serve as a case study for the expected healing pathology reactions after implantation of transcatheter mitral valve annuloplasty rings.
What is entrepreneurial failure? Implications for future research
Authors: Jenkins Anna , McKelvie Alexander
Published: March 2016

Research into entrepreneurial failure is increasing in prevalence. However, there remains a lack of clarity surrounding how failure is conceptualized. This is an important issue because how failure is conceptualized influences the relevance of research questions posed and the comparability of findings across studies. In this article, we review conceptualizations of entrepreneurial failure including at two levels of analysis (firm and individual) and perspectives of failure (objective and subjective). We discuss the implications these conceptualizations have for future research, including the sampling frame and questions scholars ask.
Evaluation of platelet-rich plasma and fibrin matrix to assist in healing and repair of rotator cuff injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Chun-Jiang , Sun Jia-Bing , Bi Zheng-Gang , Wang Xu-Ming , Yang Cheng-Lin
Published: March 2016

Objective:

To perform a meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin matrix for improving healing of rotator cuff injuries.

Data sources/design:

A meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed after searching Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE on 14 December 2015.

Setting:

University hospital.

Participants:

Patients with rotator cuff injuries.

Review methods/intervention:

Databases were searched using the keywords “PRP or platelet-rich plasma,” “PRFM or platelet-rich fibrin matrix,” “rotator cuff,” and “platelet-rich” for studies comparing outcomes of patients with rotator cuff injuries that did and did not receive a platelet-rich product.

Main measures:

The primary outcome was a functional score change from pre- to post-treatment (Scorepost–Scorepre). The secondary outcome was a visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score change from pre- to post-treatment (VASpost–VASpre).

Results:

A total of 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The total number of patients that received platelet-rich plasma or platelet-rich fibrin matrix was 320 and the number of control patients was 318. The standard difference in means of the functional scores was similar between patients administered platelet-rich plasma/fibrin matrix and patients in the control group (standard difference in means for functional scores = 0.029; 95% confidence interval (CI): –0.132 to 0.190; p = 0.725). The standard difference in means was similar between patients administered platelet-rich plasma and the controls (standard difference in means = 0.142; 95% CI: –0.080 to 0.364; p = 0.209).

Conclusion:

The results of this meta-analysis do not support the use of platelet-rich plasma/platelet-rich fibrin matrix in patients with rotator cuff injuries.
How sustainable development is understood in World Federation of Occupational Therapy policy
Authors: Jenkin Kathryn , Sellar Ben , Stanley Mandy , Thomas Kerry
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Sustainable development is used to tackle environmental crises affecting human survival. Many sectors endorse sustainable development as a guiding principle but the health sector is yet to incorporate it in an effective and coordinated manner. To support occupational therapy engagement, the World Federation of Occupational Therapy developed a policy outlining their position on sustainable development.

Method

The policy analysis method developed by Carol Bacchi (the ‘What’s the problem represented to be?’ approach) and elite interviewing of three members of the policy writing committee were used to explore how sustainable development is represented by the World Federation of Occupational Therapy and the effects of this representation.

Results

Analysis revealed that the World Federation of Occupational Therapy understands sustainable development as a set of principles and practices that demand cultural change. The policy links ‘Western’ cultural values and environmental crises and obliges occupational therapists, as ethical subjects, to take on new personal and professional values concerning knowledge, evidence and ethics.

Conclusion

Presently, occupational therapists adopting sustainable development principles may appear to be challenging unsustainable occupational therapy practices and expanding the parameters of professional ethics. Further research into the concept of the ethical subject and requirements necessary for the adoption of sustainable cultural values is suggested.
Divorce and Types of Divorce at the End of Seventeenth-century Bursa
Authors: Düzbakar Omer
Published: February 2016

According to Islamic law which is the basis of the Ottoman law of domestic relations, the right to get divorced, in principle, belonged to the man. It was sufficient for the man to verbally announce that he was divorcing his wife by his own declaration of intention. It was not necessary to have the court record the situation. However, the number of divorce documents that we encountered in court records shows that the divorce cases in the Ottoman society were recorded. This situation was crucial to protect the rights of the two parties after divorce. The termination of a marriage, which was recorded in the religious records by the kadi (Muslim judge) in the Ottoman courts, was possible in three different ways: talâk, a man’s unilateral declaration of will (bâin or ric’î); muhâlaa, generally realized by the woman renouncing her rights such as mehir (bridewealth) and iddet nafakası (the alimony given to women in the waiting period to remarry after divorce); and tefrik, which was realized through the verdict of the judge. Talâk was completely the man’s decision, whereas the woman’s request could be considered in muhâlaa and tefrik. This study examines all of the divorce documents from 1670 to 1698 in the Bursa Shari’a Court Records.
Neighborhood Segregation and Business Outcomes
Authors: Trevizo Dolores , Lopez Mary J.
Published: February 2016

With original survey data, we contribute to a discussion of how segregation and poverty affect the performance of Mexican immigrant-owned storefronts in Los Angeles. We find that though both neighborhood segregation and poverty hinder performance as measured by the number of paid employees, poverty is more important. This was true even of businesses operating for 10 or more years. Although we find some support for the “mixed economy” and “ethnic enclave” theses, we find more support for the theory of concentrated disadvantages. We conclude that the spatial segregation of Mexicans in Los Angeles hinders the performance of Mexican-owned storefronts because of the social isolation it creates and even more so because segregation concentrates poverty. We also found that both our respondents’ class background (in Mexico) and how soon they began to operate business in the formal economy (with legal capital) determines the number of paid employees they hire.
Economic and environmental benefits of landfill gas utilisation in Oman
Authors: Abushammala Mohammed FM , Qazi Wajeeha A , Azam Mohammed-Hasham , Mehmood Umais A , Al-Mufragi Ghithaa A , Alrawahi Noor-Alhuda
Published: February 2016

Municipal solid waste disposed in landfill sites decomposes under anaerobic conditions and produces so-called landfill-gas, which contains 30%–40% of carbon dioxide (CO2) and 50%–60% of methane (CH4). Methane has the potential of causing global warming 25 times more than CO2. Therefore, migration of landfill-gas from landfills to the surrounding environment can potentially affect human life and environment. Thus, this research aims to determine municipal solid waste generation in Oman over the years 1971–2030, to quantify annual CH4 emissions inventory that resulted from this waste over the same period of time, and to determine the economic and environmental benefits of capturing the CH4 gas for energy production. It is found that cumulative municipal solid waste landfilled in Oman reaches 3089 Giga gram (Gg) in the year 2030, of which approximately 85 Gg of CH4 emissions are produced in the year 2030. The study also found that capturing CH4 emissions between the years 2016 and 2030 could attract revenues of up to US$333 million and US$291 million from the carbon reduction and electricity generation, simultaneously. It is concluded that CH4 emissions from solid waste in Oman increases enormously with time, and capture of this gas for energy production could provide a sustainable waste management solution in Oman.
Municipal solid waste management in Tehran: Changes during the last 5 years
Authors: Malmir Tahereh , Tojo Yasumasa
Published: February 2016

The situation of waste management in Tehran was a typical example of it in developing countries. The amount of municipal solid waste has been increasing and the city has depended on landfill for municipal solid waste management. However, in recent years, various measures have been taken by the city, such as collecting recyclables at the source and increasing the capacity of waste-processing facilities. As a result, significant changes in the waste stream are starting to occur. This study investigated the nature of, and reasons for, the marked changes in the waste stream from 2008 to 2012 by analysing the municipal solid waste statistics published by the Tehran Waste Management Organization in 2013 and survey data on the physical composition of the municipal solid waste. The following trends were identified: Although the generation of municipal solid waste increased by 10% during the 5-year period, the amount of waste directly disposed of to landfill halved and resource recovery almost doubled. An increase in the capacity of a waste-processing facility contributed significantly to these changes. The biodegradable fraction going to landfill was estimated by using the quantity and the composition of each input to the landfill. The estimated result in 2012 decreased to 49% of its value in 2008.
Editorial endorsements focus on leadership and economy
Authors: Campbell Kenneth , Wei Ran , Leung Wan Chi , Mikashavidze Maia
Published: March 2016

A study of leading newspaper endorsements in the 2012 presidential election shows newspapers framed Obama as a leader based on his performance on a variety of national issues, and newspapers that endorsed Romney framed him largely as the best candidate to fix the struggling economy.
Social Relationships, Prosocial Behaviour, and Perceived Social Support in Students From Boarding Schools
Authors: Pfeiffer Jens P. , Pinquart Martin , Krick Kathrin
Published: February 2016

Social development may vary depending on contextual factors, such as attending a day school or a boarding school. The present study compares students from these school types with regard to the achievement of specific social goals, perceived social support, and reported prosocial behaviour. A sample of 701 students was examined. Students from boarding schools reported higher success in gaining autonomy from parents and forming romantic relationships than students from day schools. However, adolescents from day schools reported higher levels of peer-group integration than students from boarding schools. Compared with students from day schools, students from boarding schools perceived more support from their teachers, but less support from their parents. No difference in prosocial behaviour was found between the two groups. We conclude that some students from boarding schools need support in gaining access to a peer group. In addition, measures are suggested for promoting parental support of students from boarding schools.
Acute Parotitis as a Complication of Noninvasive Ventilation
Authors: Alaya S. , Mofredj Ali , Tassaioust K. , Bahloul H. , Mrabet A.
Published: March 2016

Several conditions, including oropharyngeal dryness, pressure sores, ocular irritation, epistaxis, or gastric distension, have been described during noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Although this technique has been widely used in intensive care units and emergency wards, acute swelling of the parotid gland remains a scarcely reported complication. We describe herein the case of an 82-year-old man who developed unilateral parotitis during prolonged NIV for acute heart failure. Intravenous antibiotics, corticosteroids, and adjusting the mask laces’ position allowed rapid resolution of clinical symptoms.
Policy dynamics and electoral uncertainty in the appointments process
Authors: Jo Jinhee , Primo David M , Sekiya Yoji
Published: March 2016

By incorporating electoral uncertainty and policy dynamics into three two-period models of the appointments process, we show that gridlock may not always occur under divided government, contrary to the findings of static one-shot appointments models. In these cases, contrary to the ally principle familiar to students of bureaucratic politics, the president or the confirmer is willing to move the court away from his or her ideal point as a way to insulate against worse outcomes in period two. By demonstrating how a simple set of changes to a workhorse model can change equilibrium outcomes significantly, this paper provides a foundation for reconsidering the static approach to studying political appointments.
Are non-competitive elections good for citizens?
Authors: Little Andrew T
Published: March 2016

Many regimes, particularly autocracies, hold elections where the ruling regime’s victory is a foregone conclusion. This paper provides a formal analysis of how these non-competitive elections affect citizen welfare compared to a non-electoral baseline. To do so, I first develop a game-theoretic framework that captures many extant theories of why regimes hold non-competitive elections, which are modeled solely as a public signal of the regime’s strength. Incumbents hold non-competitive elections to signal strength or gather information, which allows the regime to manage political interactions more effectively. However, even though non-competitive elections are a useful tool for (autocratic) regimes, they are also valuable to citizens. This is because citizens can also utilize the information generated by the election, and may receive more transfers, less repression, or more responsive policy than they would with no elections.
Bargaining with a biased autocrat
Authors: Krainin Colin , Slinkman John
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a specific dynamic extension to the model outlined by Jackson and Morelli (Political bias and war. The American Economic Review 97(4): 1353–1373). In particular, we focus on the implications of a long-lived leader who possesses bias towards or against war that potentially differs from the country (s)he represents. Bargaining and war outcomes are characterized in this environment. We emphasize three results: (1) war sometimes occurs only after substantial delay; (2) if it is possible to select a leader, a country will always select a leader who is biased towards war; (3) when the distribution of power is uneven, a country might select an aggressive leader who eventually leads the country into war. If applied in the context of a civil war model, the third result implies that particularly disadvantaged rebel groups might select aggressive leaders to bargain with the central government and, potentially, incite conflict.
An economic analysis of policies for promoting economically efficient water heater systems operating under seasonal climatic conditions
Authors: Yurtsev Arif , Jenkins Glenn P
Published: March 2016

This article reports on an economic cost-effective analysis of water heating systems including solar water heating systems. This study finds that in situations where there is a winter, or a rainy season, the choice of the source of energy for the solar water heating systems’ back-up during this period is critical for its overall cost-effectiveness. It is found that in the conditions of North Cyprus, an solar water heating systems with electricity back-up is far superior to using electricity alone; however, it is inferior to heating water with either a liquefied petroleum gas water heater alone or an solar water heating systems with an liquefied petroleum gas back-up. Policies to promote water heating systems that reduce the use of electricity should not encourage the installation of solar water heating systems with electricity back-up. An liquefied petroleum gas water heater or an solar water heating systems with an liquefied petroleum gas back-up are economically more cost-effective, with or without the inclusion of the social cost of carbon estimates.
The mitigation of surface subsidence in coal mines
Authors: Wenyu Lv
Published: March 2016

Overlying-separation layer grouting technology refers to manufacturing grouting by mixing water, fly ash and other materials on ground in proportion, and then injecting into stratum of development zone on separation layer with high-pressure grouting pump to fill the separation layer space for mitigating surface subsidence in coal mine. In this study, the overlying-separation layer development and grouting subsidence mitigation mechanism were investigated by analyzing filling, supporting, cementation and expansion of grouting material. A calculation method for grouting subsidence mitigation was proposed based on the analysis of overlying rock and surface movement without grouting, deflection of grouting control layer and surface subsidence with grouting. The factors influencing grouting subsidence mitigation effects were analyzed to optimize overlying-separation layer grouting parameters. An evaluation method for grouting subsidence mitigation effects was proposed. The analysis results of examples indicated that subsidence coefficient of theoretical calculation is generally matched with that of numerical modeling, and the accurate evaluation of grouting subsidence mitigation effects by specific calculation can be simplified as measuring with the actual maximum surface subsidence values without and with applying grouting technology.
The pre-treatment of corn straw in the bioethanol production in China
Authors: Jun-Hong Liu , Bo Yang
Published: March 2016

Pre-treatment, a critical step for the utilization of cellulose, has close connection with processing cost and downstream technology. Corn straw, rich in cellulose, is a good source for bioethanol production. The writers have compared various pre-treatment methods of corn straw, in order to find out the most promising one for China’s bioethanol development.
Modelling and validation of a continuous rotary motor combining shape memory wires and overrunning clutches
Authors: Scirè Mammano Giovanni , Dragoni Eugenio
Published: March 2016

This article presents the conceptual design, modelling, prototyping and testing of a novel rotary motor featuring shape memory alloy wires and overrunning clutches. The device comprises a shape memory alloy wire wound around a low-friction cylindrical drum contrasted by a backup beam spring and fitted to the output shaft through an overrunning clutch. Electrical heating produces a contraction of the wire, hence a rotation of the drum which is transferred to the shaft. Thanks to the overrunning clutch, during the recoiling phase, the drum rotates backward while the shaft does not move. Spurious backward movements of the shaft are contrasted by a second overrunning clutch linking the shaft to the frame. This article develops a model for the quasi-static simulation of the motor and the experimental characterization of a prototype device featuring three active drums, a rotary sensor and an angular brake to apply the external load. Despite the low degree of optimization, the tested motor performs well in terms of specific stroke, specific output torque and specific output work per cycle. Winding of the wire on the drum impairs somewhat the fatigue life with respect to publish data on straight wires, a drawback which calls for further design refinements.
US Physicians Overwhelmingly Endorse Hospice as the Better Option for Most Patients at the End of Life
Authors: Prochaska Micah T. , Putman Michael S. , Tak Hyo Jung , Yoon John D. , Curlin Farr A.
Published: February 2016

Background:

Utilization of hospice has increased significantly over the past 2 decades, but there has been no recent assessment of US physicians’ opinions regarding and practices of referring patients to hospice.

Methods:

We surveyed 2016 US physicians from various specialties. Respondents agreed or disagreed with 2 statements: “For most patients, hospice provides better care at the end of life than they would otherwise receive without hospice” and “Many patients who enter hospice end up missing out on medical interventions from which they would have benefited.” Physicians were also asked, “In the past 12 months, approximately how many patients and/or their surrogates have you encouraged to consider entering hospice?”

Results:

Ninety-eight percent of physicians agreed that hospice provides better care at the end of life than the patient would receive without hospice. Only 11% of physicians agreed that patients who enter hospice miss out on medical interventions from which they would have benefitted. Ninety-two percent encouraged at least 1 patient to consider hospice in the previous 12 months. Oncologists were the most ambivalent about whether patients who enter hospice miss out on beneficial interventions, but they also referred more patients to hospice than physicians from other specialties.

Conclusion:

US physicians overwhelmingly believe hospice is the best form of care for most patients at the end of life. Compared to a study published in 1998, the median oncologist reports referring fewer patients to hospice, but the median general internist reports referring more.
Rotational Dynamics of the Normal Distal Tibiofibular Joint With Weight-Bearing Computed Tomography
Authors: Lepojärvi Sannamari , Niinimäki Jaakko , Pakarinen Harri , Leskelä Hannu-Ville
Published: February 2016

Background:

The normal distal tibiofibular joint is strongly stabilized by the syndesmosis, where previous cadaveric, biomechanical studies demonstrated only minimal widening and posterior translation of the fibula in external rotation of the ankle. However, little is known about normal rotational dynamics of the distal tibiofibular joint in upright weight-bearing conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal anatomy and rotational dynamics of the distal tibiofibular joint under physiological conditions on weight-bearing cone beam computed tomography (WBCT).

Methods:

In a cross-sectional study of 32 subjects, low-dose WBCT scans of uninjured bilateral ankles were performed. Normal intersubject and intrasubject variation in neutral position and changes in maximal internal and external rotation of the ankle were studied. Sagittal translation of the fibula, anterior and posterior widths of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, tibiofibular clear space (TFCS), and rotation of the fibula were measured.

Results:

In the neutrally loaded ankle, the fibula was located anteriorly in the tibial incisura in 88% of the subjects. When the ankle was rotated, mean anteroposterior motion was 1.5 mm and mean rotation of the fibula was 3 degrees. There was no significant change in TFCS between internal and external rotation. Large intersubject variation was detected, but intrasubject variation between ankles was less than 1 mm and 1 degree.

Conclusions:

This study provides reference values to evaluate the dynamics of the normal distal tibiofibular joint. The internal control of the contralateral ankle seemed to be a better reference than the population-based normal values.

Clinical Relevance:

The current study provides the reference values to evaluate the rotational dynamics of a normal distal tibiofibular joint.
Association of Metatarsalgia After Hallux Valgus Correction With Relative First Metatarsal Length
Authors: Nakagawa Satoru , Fukushi Jun-ichi , Nakagawa Takeshi , Mizu-uchi Hideki , Iwamoto Yukihide
Published: February 2016

Background:

Metatarsalgia is frequently associated with hallux valgus. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the relative length and position of the first metatarsal head influenced metatarsalgia and plantar callosities beneath the lesser metatarsal heads.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of the clinical data and radiographs of 102 cases was performed at a mean follow-up of 16 months after biplane interlocking osteotomies. Clinical evaluation was made using the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) hallux scale. Radiologic evaluation was made with standard weight-bearing anteroposterior radiographs, and the hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal 1-2 angle (IMA), distal metatarsal articular angulation (DMAA), and the sesamoid position were evaluated. Relative first metatarsal length (RML) was determined according to Nilsonne/Morton’s technique.

Results:

The mean preoperative HVA decreased from 37 to 3 degrees, and the mean IMA from 17 to 4 degrees. The mean JSSF-hallux score improved from 56 to 96 points. The mean preoperative area of plantar callosities decreased from 3.1 to 1.5 mm2. Sixty percent of metatarsalgia cases improved, and 85% of painless callosities disappeared postoperatively. Among radiologic parameters, postoperative RML was most significantly associated with JSSF score ( P < .0001) and the presence of postoperative metatarsalgia ( P < .0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the RML cut-off point was −3 mm for avoiding metatarsalgia, with an area under the curve of 0.88, a specificity of 88%, and a sensitivity of 85%.

Conclusion:

Preservation of relative first metatarsal length during first metatarsal osteotomy was important to prevent postoperative metatarsalgia.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers
Authors: Kaye Sharlene , Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni , van de Glind Geurt , Levin Frances R. , Faraone Stephen V. , Allsop Steve , Degenhardt Louisa , Moggi Franz , Barta Csaba , Konstenius Maija , Franck Johan , Skutle Arvid , Bu Eli-Torild , Koeter Maarten W. J. , Demetrovics Zsolt , Kapitány-Fövény Máté , Schoevers Robert A. , van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen Katelijne , Carpentier Pieter-Jan , Dom Geert , Verspreet Sofie , Crunelle Cleo L. , Young Jesse T. , Carruthers Susan , Cassar Joanne , Fatséas Melina , Auriacombe Marc , Johnson Brian , Dunn Matthew , Slobodin Ortal , van den Brink Wim
Published: February 2016

Objective: To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers. Method: In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample. Results: Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% ( n = 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.
Detection of Leptospira DNA in urine and presence of specific antibodies in outdoor cats in Germany
Authors: Weis Sonia , Rettinger Anna , Bergmann Michele , Llewellyn Julia R , Pantchev Nikola , Straubinger Reinhard K , Hartmann Katrin
Published: March 2016

Objectives

Clinical manifestation of infection with Leptospira species in cats is rare. Nevertheless, cats can develop specific antibodies against the spirochetes after infection. In Canada, Taiwan and the USA it was recently demonstrated that naturally infected cats can also shed DNA from pathogenic Leptospira species in their urine, but the zoonotic potential of infected cats is still unclear. The objective of this study was to demonstrate if outdoor cats in Germany shed DNA from pathogenic Leptospira species in their urine. As a second aim, antibody prevalence was determined.

Methods

Two hundred and fifteen outdoor cats were prospectively recruited. Urine samples were tested by real-time PCR targeting the lipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira species. Antibody titres against eight serovars (Australis, Autumnalis, Bratislava, Canicola, Copenhageni, Grippotyphosa, Pomona, Saxkoebing) belonging to seven serogroups (Australis, Autumnalis, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Sejroe) were determined by microscopic agglutination test.

Results

Urine samples from 7/215 cats (3.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9−5.7) were PCR-positive. Specific antibodies were detected in 35/195 cats (17.9%; 95% CI: 12.5−23.3) with titres ranging from 1:100 to 1:6400. Australis, Bratislava and Grippotyphosa were the most common serovars.

Conclusions and relevance

Outdoor cats in Germany can shed DNA from pathogenic Leptospira species. Therefore, outdoor cats should be considered as a possible source of infection for dogs or humans. Further studies are needed to determine the role of Leptospira species as a cause of disease in cats.
Organizing beyond organization: Branding, discourse, and communicative capitalism
Authors: Mumby Dennis K.
Published: March 2016

This essay presents an argument for critical organization studies scholars to more seriously address the phenomenon of corporate branding as a central, constitutive feature of organizing in contemporary capitalism. While brands and branding have historically been the domain of marketing and consumer studies researchers, I argue that a focus on the intersection of branding and organizing enables critical researchers to more effectively address the ways in which neoliberal capitalism and post-Fordist organizational forms mediate processes of meaning construction and human identity formation. Taking up Böhm and Land’s claim that neoliberal capitalism is characterized by a ‘new hidden abode of production’, I adopt Dean’s conception of ‘communicative capitalism’ to explore how branding processes are ‘hidden in plain sight’ as a key, constitutive element of this ‘new hidden abode’. As such, branding can be explored as a particular case of ‘organizing beyond organization’. The essay develops three elements of the branding and organizing relationship as medium and outcome of communicative capitalism: (1) floating signifiers and nodal points, (2) communicative labor, and (3) communication and affect.
Prediction of tumbling mill liner wear: Abrasion and impact effects
Authors: Akhondizadeh M , Fooladi Mahani M , Rezaeizadeh M , Mansouri SH
Published: March 2016

Liner wear occurs during the grinding process in tumbling mill. It has a significant influence on the overall economic performance of mills. It will be worthwhile to know the effect of mill operating parameters on the liner wear intensity. In the present work, an experimental–theoretical procedure is presented for evaluation of the liner wear due to abrasion and impact. A wear tester is used to measure the wear of specimen due to ball impacts. A relation is then extracted which gives the wear of specimen at the different impact conditions. This relation is used to evaluate the impact liner wear. Abrasion liner wear is evaluated using the procedure suggested by Radziszewski. To have the experimental data, a laboratory mill is used. A small specimen is inserted in the liner face of the laboratory mill to measure its wear during the mill operation. The cataract regime in mill is eliminated by a mechanism to measure the impact and abrasion wear separately. The comparisons show the appropriate accordance of predicted and measured liner wear, so the model can be used to determine the impact and abrasion wear portions of mill liners.
Brief report of virtual clinician research tools for tobacco dependence or dyslipidemia
Authors: Williams Geoffrey C , Lowenstein Lisa , Cox John F , Patrick Heather , Adams Michael Jacob , Block Robert C , Rigby C Scott
Published: March 2016

Health avatars were created to deliver previously tested live interventions for tobacco dependence and cholesterol management. The exploratory aims were to develop and test whether the avatar can be reliably assessed for autonomy supportiveness using the Health Care Climate Questionnaire and estimate the mean changes in motivation variables and correlate the avatars’ autonomy supportiveness with the motivation variables and health outcomes. The avatars were found to be reliably assessed for autonomy supportiveness on the Health Care Climate Questionnaire. Autonomy support was positively correlated with the change in motivations and reduction in low-density lipoprotein. These findings suggest that health avatars may be tested in clinical trials.
Illness perceptions and coping with disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Effects on health-related quality of life
Authors: Vaske Isabelle , Kenn Klaus , Keil Daniel C , Rief Winfried , Stenzel Nikola M
Published: March 2016

This study investigated the effects of illness perceptions and coping with disease on health-related quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, participants ( N = 444) completed online questionnaires assessing illness severity (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage), Illness Perceptions Questionnaire, coping with disease (Essener Coping Questionnaire), and health-related quality of life (short form-12). Hierarchical regression and moderation analyses were conducted. The results showed that health-related quality of life was predicted by illness perceptions and several aspects of coping with disease. The association between illness perceptions and health-related quality of life was mediated by the corresponding coping with disease subscales. It is concluded that in order to prevent decreasing health-related quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, treatment may be adjusted by promoting coping with disease and functional illness perceptions.
The adjective in Dutch-French codeswitching: Word order and agreement
Authors: Vanden Wyngaerd Emma
Published: February 2016

Aims and Objectives:

This paper investigates the word order and adjectival agreement patterns in French-Dutch codeswitched Determiner Phrases (DPs). It examines the predictions made by two theoretical points of view: the approach by MacSwan (2009) within the Minimalist Program (MP) and the Matrix Language Framework (MLF) (Myers-Scotton & Jake, 2009).

Methodology:

The predictions of these frameworks are compared to data gathered in a grammaticality judgment task. In total, 120 codeswitched sentences were presented aurally to participants, who were asked to rate the sentences on a three-point scale.

Originality:

While some previous work on word order within codeswitched DP’s exists, this paper is the first study investigating the adjectival agreement patterns in codeswitching.

Data and Analysis:

Statistical analysis of the data showed that the MacSwan approach is a better predictor for the grammaticality judgments, as sentences predicted to be grammatical by the MP were rated higher than sentences predicted to be ungrammatical by the same model. This difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in rating for the predictions of the MLF.

Conclusions:

The results of the judgment task in combination with the results of previous research on codeswitching highlight the importance of a combination of data from both naturalistic and experimental settings.

Implications:

The predictions of the Minimalist approach have the upper hand over the predictions of the MLF. However, it remains is important to integrate results from other experimental methodologies, such as naturalistic data and results from psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic studies.
How to become an ‘elite cosmopolitan’: The mediatized trajectories of United Nations expatriates
Authors: Jansson André
Published: February 2016

This article provides a Bourdieusian analysis of the mediatized lifeworlds of so-called elite cosmopolitans. Based on interviews with Nordic expatriates employed by United Nations organizations in Geneva, the study looks at how the increasing dependence on new media influences the field of United Nations organizations and the trajectories of cosmopolitan subjects. Theoretically, the analysis builds on two key concepts: communicational doxa, which establishes a link between Bourdieu’s field theory and critical mediatization theory; and cosmopolitan capital, understood as a sub-form of cultural capital. The findings suggest that mediatization alters the social conditions for accumulating cosmopolitan capital. However, the appropriation and mastery of new media do not hold any symbolic value as such, but tend to expand the possibilities for making investments in the field without altering its overarching logic. It is also shown that new professional media habits are often interwoven with private communication and the emotional needs associated with highly mobile family lives, thus underlining the indirect nature of mediatization in this context.
The irresolvable unease about be-longing: Exploring globalized dynamics of homecoming
Authors: Dürrschmidt Jörg
Published: February 2016

Homecomings tend to be unsettling. Any effort of embarking on the balancing act of bringing cosmopolitan experience and local life together is mediated by absence and sequences of life lived elsewhere. Return, consequently, is by no means a concluding movement in geographic space but an enduring process of regaining the precarious good of social ‘recurrence’. Thus, despite global flow of information, ‘homecomers’ often find themselves as involuntary marginals in the local societies that used to be ‘home’ because they have missed out on the crucial process of an onrolling local everyday life. This in turn often sets into motion a process of actively generating elective soils of significance. Based on Alfred Schütz’s phenomenology of the modern ‘homecomer’, this article attempts to outline the life world–related potential of contemporary return. Drawing on semi-structured interviews, this article aims at revealing the typical features of the ‘art of reconnecting’ that lies at the heart of what is conventionally called ‘reembedding’.
Mobile elites: Understanding the ambiguous lifeworlds of Sojourners, Dwellers and Homecomers
Authors: Jansson André
Published: February 2016

This article introduces the Special Issue Mobile Elites: Sojourners, Dwellers and Homecomers, in which five articles look into the hidden frictions and social and emotional costs involved in privileged forms of mobility. Such existentially oriented aspects of globalization are still relatively underresearched. It is argued that cultural studies hold a responsibility to carry out ethnographically oriented analyses of mobile elite groups in order to unveil the complexities of life trajectories commonly associated with social as well as economic success. The article outlines an epistemological platform for carrying out such analyses, combining the new mobilities paradigm with social field theory and social phenomenology. Based on the empirical analyses presented in the Special Issue, the article also introduces three ‘registers of ambiguity and negotiation’: ambiguities of moral geographies, ambiguities of re-embedding and ambiguities of flow-architectures.
Scholarly discussion as engineering the meanings of a European cultural heritage
Authors: Lähdesmäki Tuuli
Published: February 2016

The vague concept of a European cultural heritage is frequently referred to – but rarely explicitly defined – in scholarly discussion. The use of the concept in academia constructs a European cultural heritage as a category in research and explicitly and implicitly produces its focuses and outlines. Thus, the use of the concept can be considered as scholarly engineering of a European cultural heritage. To be able to have a scholarly discussion about a European cultural heritage, the meanings and uses of the concept need to be clarified. This article examines the meanings and uses of the concept in recent scholarly articles published in various disciplines. In the study, the concept analysis by Walker and Avant is applied and expanded with a discourse theoretical aspect: different recurring characteristics brought to the fore in the use of the concept are perceived as varying discourses on a European cultural heritage.
Humor and parody in Finnish rap music videos
Authors: Tervo Mervi , Ridanpää Juha
Published: February 2016

In this article, we discuss Finnish rap music by dissecting its relations to various forms of humor and spatiality. While there exists a stereotypical understanding of the rap scene as a continuum of the heritage of a serious, masculine and even aggressive African-American ghetto culture, our purpose is to show how humor and parody have also prevailed within the scene. Through dissecting spatiality, contextuality and humor in Finnish music videos, we first focus on how the tradition of Americanism and African-American hip hop identity is parodied in Finnish rap visualizations. Second, we discuss how rap is localized in humorous ways to fit Finnish conceptual and aesthetic categories. Third, we show how humor allows artists to create temporary hybrid identities for themselves and mix fantasy and foreign cultural influences in their rap videos. The research material consists of Finnish rap videos that were screened at the Oulu Music Video Festival during 2000–2010.
The importance of [not] being Miley: Girls making sense of Miley Cyrus
Authors: Jackson Sue , Goddard Sarah , Cossens Sophie
Published: February 2016

Celebrity as a text of cultural meanings has been widely studied, yet relatively little empirical work has explored celebrity from an audience perspective. This is more emphatically the case for the young teen and pre-teen audience for whom celebrity occupies a central place in their lives. This article investigates the meanings pre-teen girls in three independent studies make of Miley Cyrus who has been a prominent celebrity figure in girls’ lives for over a decade. Located at the intersection of girlhood and celebrity studies and using a poststructuralist discursive approach, our examination shows how Cyrus functioned in girls’ talk to mark out the boundaries of ‘proper’ femininity and how these boundaries were informed through both a punitive ‘trainwreck’ celebrity discourse and an age appropriateness discourse. We argue that the regulatory discourses of girlhood sexuality and femininity that operate in pre-teen girls’ lives are crucially important to their negotiation of Cyrus who represents an ‘impossible’ be-coming for them through her norm-violating hypersexualisation and drug use. The article contributes knowledge about the centrality of gender norms to ways celebrity may be understood and negotiated by girls and disturbs understandings of girl audiences as wholly influenced by, and aspirational towards, the celebrities they engage with.