bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of a program on the values of citizenship on the readiness of girls in adolescence in Al- Jouf to include in the artistic production
Authors: Sanaa Al-Orjan
Published: May 2021

The study aims to identify the impact of the program of citizenship values on the readiness of the girls at adolescence stage in Aljouf area to include them in the artistic products. The study uses the semi- experimental approach where an analysis tool is constructed for the technical works which have four sessions which distributed to four axes which is applied to a sample who are intended to be the girls who are used to go to the neighborhood club. The sample consists of 20 girls. The results show that there are statistically significance differences at the level of ,05 between the mean of the pretest which is (1.34) and the mean of the posttest which is (2.62) in the values of citizenship Which are (love of the homeland, participation, tolerance and preservation of the public property). In the light of the results the researcher states recommendations and suggestions to renforce the citizenship values in Aljouf area and in the kingdom in general.
Microfinance Risk Measurement Framework at the Blue Nile Foundation for Microfinance in Sudan: إطار قياس مخاطر التمويل الأصغر في مؤسسة النيل الأزرق للتمويل الأصغر بالسودان
Authors: Shahabuddin Mohammed Ahmed Abdullah
Published: May 2021

The study aims to develop a framework for measuring microfinance institution in the Blue Nile in Sudan Microfinance risk. The study data collected from the Blue Nile Foundation Microfinance database. The study sample consisted of 434 individuals, 217 of them tripped and 217 not tripped. This sample used in the development of microfinance as part of measures the risk. Results of the study showed that the use of a binary logistic regression response (Regression- binary logistic) made it possible to develop a framework to measure the risks of microfinance. The possibility of overall error in this model 5.5%, and this shows the data model explains a good explanation. This confirms the goodness of fit of the model fully. It was also suggested a form to collect data on asylum microfinance, to help in forecasting the various risks.
The degree to which citizenship values ​​are included in social studies curricula in the post-basic education for grades (11- 12) in the Sultanate of Oman: درجة تضمين قيم المواطنة في مناهج الدراسات الاجتماعية بمرحلة التعليم ما بعد الأساسي للصفوف (11- 12) في سلطنة عمان
Authors: Sultan Kamis Al- Karusi, Tahraoui Ramadan Murad
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to reveal the degree of inclusion of citizenship values ​​in the curricula of social studies in the post-basic education stage for grades (11- 12) in the Sultanate of Oman. The descriptive approach was employed in this study through a content analysis form consisting of (48) terms distributed in three main areas: Political values, Economic values, and Social values. Results showed that the degree of inclusion came between medium and low. Political values ​​came as the highest repetitive sum reached (1239) times (36.6%) and with an average degree of inclusion. Moreover, social values ​​came in second place with a repeating total amounted of (1014) times (33.4%) and with an average degree of inclusion. However, the economic values ​​came in the third rank with a frequency total of (1132) times and a percentage of (30%) with a low degree of inclusion. Regarding the extent of the values ​​among the curricula of the two grades (11&12), the twelfth-grade curricula came as the highest degree of inclusion with a repetitive total of (1771) and a percentage of (52.3%), while the curricula of the eleventh grade came in second place and with a repetitive total of (1614) and a ratio of (47,7%). In the conclusion of the study, the researchers presented a set of recommendations and proposals that may contribute to enhancing the values ​​of citizenship in the curricula of social studies in the Sultanate of Oman.
The role of financing methods in the success of the management of small projects in the State of Kuwait: دور أساليب التمويل في نجاح إدارة المشروعات الصغيرة في دولة الكويت
Authors: Samira Abdel Wahab Kenemesh
Published: May 2021

This   study aims to determine the role played by methods of funding small enterprises in the State of Kuwait  towards the success of the projects through exploring the role of these methods, their specifications, the precautions pertaining to them, the role of financing institutions that provide the necessary funding for these projects and exploring the impact of these variables on the success of small enterprises in the State of Kuwait, Through descriptive analytical method to relevant literature in the field of finance, financing methods, small project funding methods and success factors. In   light of analyzing previous literature, the study found a connection between methods of funding small enterprises in State of Kuwait and success of managing these projects, a relation between role of small project funding institutions in State of Kuwait and success of these projects on the other hand with the connection of specifications of finance methods, the safeguards and conditions of funding small enterprises with the success of such projects. Therefore, the study recommended linking the funding and its method in a manner consistent with duration of the project, establishing a specialized agency to implement the success factors of small enterprises, and work of finance institutions in Kuwait to diversify project financing methods.
Obstacles to the extracurricular activities from the point of view of the principals of the basic stage in Mafraq directorate: معيقات ممارسة الأنشطة اللاصفية من وجهة نظر مدراء المدارس للمرحلة الأساسية في قصبة المفرق
Authors: Suhaila Suleiman Sallam Al-shregee
Published: May 2021

This study aims to recognize the obstacles faced the extra curriculum activities from the basic stage principals’ point of view in Qasbet Al –Mafraq. The study followed the descriptive way and applied the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data. The study sample consists of all principals of basic stage schools in Mafraq directorate through the first semester 2019/2020. The number of the sample is (159) male and female principals.59% of the sample was chosen randomly from the original sample of the study which represents (94) male and female principals. The study’s results show that there are obstacles face the application of extra curriculum activities from the basic stage school principals ’point of view in a high degree. And there are no statistical differences at a=0.05 due to gender، qualifications or years of experience. The study recommends that holding training sessions and works shops for the principals and teachers on the importance of extra curriculum activities to take care of like other curricula because these activities help improving students’ educational achievement. Also، there should be an educational guide special for the extra curriculum activities based on the participation of the activities organizers and the advisors’ department and the activities department with a clear way of application and obvious and comprehensive plan for all schools. In addition، the ministry of education should concern of the schools’ buildings especially the rented ones and offer the requirements and the applicants that are needed for applying the activities. Finally، I think they may partially evaluate the students’ achievement according to these extra curriculum activities.
The Effect of Using Educational Technology methods and Gender to Develop the Motivation of Learning among The 7th Graders in Ajloun Education Directorate In the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: أثر استخدام وسائل تكنولوجيا التعليم والنوع في تنمية الدافعية للتعلم لدى طلبة الصف السابع الأساسي في محافظة عجلون بالمملكة الأردنية الهاشمية
Authors: Saddam Hanna Rezqullah Jadullah
Published: May 2021

The current study aimed at investigating the effect of using Educational Technology methods and gender to develop the motivation of learning among The 7th Graders in Ajloun Education Directorate at 2019- 2020. The study sample consist of (57) female and male of student . To achieve the objective of the study, the quasi- experimental approach was used, and the researcher developed the learning motivation scale.At the beginning of the experiment, the researcher applied the motivation pre- test to check the adequacy of both research groups. Then he applied the teaching plan to the students of both groups (ordinary way for the control group and using computer and Internet and Data show for the experimental group) then applied the motivation scale for the experimental and control group . The findings showed a difference between the distribution of grades in the post- test of the members of both groups (the experimental and the control groups) in favor of the experimental group in the variable of learning motivation, There were also statistically significant differences in the level of motivation to learn due to the sex variable, in favor of female students. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of motivation to learn, due to the interaction between gender and teaching methods.
The concern of the school administration of the talented students from the head masters ' point of view in public schools in The directorate of Marka in Amman- Jordan: درجة اهتمام الإدارة المدرسية بالطلبة الموهوبين من وجهة نظر مديري ومديرات المدارس الحكومية في مديرية تربية لواء ماركا في محافظة عمان- الأردن
Authors: Samira Abdel Rahman Sa’adeh
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study is to reveal the degree of interest of the school administration to talented students from the head masters' point of view in public schools in the directorate of Marka in Amman- Jordan. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach and developed (Tnyra) scale (2016) to match the current study. The results showed the degree of interest of school administration to talented students was positive average degree and indicated that there were statically significant differences in the degree of interest of the school administration to talented students in public schools because of the sex variable and to the female. The absence of individual differences of statically significance in the degree of interest of the school administration to talented students in public schools because of the variable of scientific qualifications. According to this study the researcher presented a set of recommendations, as: supply the public schools by teaching tools to help teachers in a achieving talents students goals, and implementation of awareness programs for school administrations with the aim of focusing on supporting talented students and encouraging them to participate in active school activities in the outside community, also giving school management material and moral incentives for talented and creative students in the areas of school outside and inside activities.
Management Practices of Directorate of Education in the First Zarqa Area in the Light of Total Quality Management from the Perspective of Employees Themselves: الممارسات الإدارية لإدارة التعليم بمنطقة الزرقاء الأولى في ضوء إدارة الجودة الشاملة من وجهة نظر الموظفين أنفسهم
Authors: Somaya Shaban Abu- qalbain
Published: May 2021

The study aimed at identifying the management practices of directorate of education in the light of total quality management from the perspective of the employees themselves. It was applied to a sample of (192) employees in the directorate of education for the first Zarqa area. The results of the study showed that the level of management practices obtained an average (3.70 out of 5), big degree, and at the level of areas of human and material resources management got an average (3.87), followed by the field of management practices and operations with an average (3.72) and third place service provider field; The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the level of management practices attributable to the gender variable in favor of females, and in the field of management and leadership received an average (3.63) and finally the field of service requirements with an average of (3.59). Qualification in favor of PhD holders, and in the current position as director head of department, years of experience in favor of 10 years and more. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of management practices due to the salary variable. In light of the results, a number of recommendations and suggestions were made to improve the management practices in Zarqa First and the whole of the Kingdom of Jordan in the light of the TQM approach.
Differential diagnosis for whom with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder according to diagnostic criteria in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition)
Authors: Dr.. Sherif Adel Jaber Ahmed - Dr. Sayed Ibrahim Ali
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to identify the diagnosis of the difference between the intellectual disability and the autism spectrum disorder. The study sample consisted of 60 children (30 children with intellectual disability, 30 children with autism spectrum disorder). Three scales were used in this study; the measure of autism spectrum disorder for children (prepared by Gaber 2018), the measure of communication and social interaction, and the measure of the behavioral performance (prepared by the researchers of this study). The study found that there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) among the average scores of children with intellectual disability and children with autism spectrum disorder on measurement of communication and social interaction of the three dimensions in favor of children with intellectual disability. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of children with intellectual disability and children with autism spectrum disorder on the measure of behavioral performance in its four dimensions in favor of children with intellectual disability.
The impact of the use of caricatures in the teaching of science on the educational achievement of fourth graders in Makkah: أثر استخدام الرسوم الكاريكاتورية في تدريس مادة العلوم على التحصيل الدراسي لطالبات الصف الرابع الابتدائي بمكة المكرمة
Authors: Hanadi Saud Al-Qurashi
Published: May 2021

The current study aimed to know the impact of the use of caricatures in teaching science on the academic achievement of the fourth grade primary students in Holy Mecca, in order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the Semi-experimental curriculum and the experiment has been applied on a sample formed of 50 schoolgirls divided into two groups (25) students for the experimental group, and (25) students for the control group, the experimental group was taught the first and the second chapters of the fourth primary grade science curriculum , using caricatures, while the control group was taught using the traditional way, and the study resulted in: There are differences with statistical significance at the level of(0.05) in dimensional collection between the average of the experimental group degrees (taught using caricatures ) and the average of the control group degrees (taught using the traditional way) of the fourth primary grade science curriculum at the level of remembrance, the level of understanding , and at the application level, attributed to the experimental group. and at the levels of '' remembrance -understanding - application '' combined (total exam mark) , attributed to the benefit of the experimental group. The study recommended the necessity of encouraging science teachers to use caricatures in teaching, and the importance of carrying out similar studies
Effectiveness of employing the enrichment activities of mental thinking on the development of thinking and mathematical achievement among the students of the second cycle Education has been essential: فاعلية توظيف الأنشطة الإثرائية للتفكير الذهني في تنمية التفكير والتحصيل الرياضي لدى طلاب الحلقة الثانية من التعليم الأساسي
Authors: Salim Ahmed Saif Al-rashdi
Published: May 2021

The present study aimed at uncovering the effectiveness of employing the enrichment activities for mental thinking on the development of mathematical thinking and achievement among Grade 7 students. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the semi experimental design known as the design of the control group with the tribal and remote tests. In light of the experimental design, the average Grade 7 students tested the sample of the study in the second semester of 30 students who were divided into 15 students for the experimental group and 15 students for the control group after checking the validity and stability of the tools. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the cognitive achievement test related to the unit of Engineering in the second semester and the mathematical thinking test for the average of the experimental group. The results also showed a statistically significant difference) between the average scores of the experimental group students in the tribal and remote applications in the cognitive achievement test and the mathematical thinking test, and in favor of the average post-implementation. In the light of these results, the study presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.   ، ، ، ،
Administrative empowerment of the women's leaderships of King Saud University and its relationship to the application of quality management: التمكين الإداري لدى القيادات النسائية بجامعة الملك سعود وعلاقته بتطبيق مبادئ إدارة الجودة
Authors: Sara Tawfiq Alrasheed
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the degree of practice of administrative empowerment and its dimensions (granting of powers, participation in decision-making, qualification and training, work groups and teamwork, and creative behavior development) among women leaders in the departments of science and medical studies at King Saud University. Also, the to identify the level of application of quality management principles (Awareness of the concept of quality management, top management commitment to the concept of quality, continuous improvement, and effective communication) among women leaders in the departments of science and medical studies at King Saud University and the type of relationship between two concepts. The study adopted the descriptive approach with its two inputs: survey and relational. The researcher used the questionnaire as a tool for study. The study community consists of all women leaders in the departments of science and medical studies at the women campus (the university city for female students) at King Saud University. The study was applied to (180) leaders (Dean, Vice Dean, Center or unit manager). The study reached several results, most notably: 1) The degree of administrative empowerment practice among women leaders in the departments of science and medical studies at King Saud University from the point of view of the study personnel came with a medium degree, that the degree of application of quality management principles in King Saud University from the viewpoint of the study personnel came At a moderate level. 2) There is a positive (positive) relationship of statistical significance at the level of significance (α≤0.01), between the degree of practicing the dimensions of administrative empowerment. 3) The degree of applying the principles of quality management in the departments of science and medical studies at King Saud University from the viewpoint of the study individuals. In light of the results of the study, the study recommended the need of developing the organizational policies to raise the level of participation of women leaders in the departments of science and medical studies at the university in decision-making, and the necessity of rehabilitating women leaders before their assignment.
The Interplay Between the Collaboration pattern (Individual-group) and the Cognitive Approach in the Flipped Classroom on the Promotion of the 9th Graders' Academic Achievement in IT in the Sultanate of Oman: أثر التفاعل بين نمط التشارك (فردي-جماعي) والأسلوب المعرفي بالصف المقلوب في تحصيل طلاب التاسع لتقنية المعلومات بمحافظة جنوب الباطنة
Authors: Sami khatar Almazroai, Ali Sharaf Almosawi, Zainab Mohammed
Published: May 2021

This study aims to find out the effect of the interaction between the collaboration pattern (individual- group) and the cognitive approach (independent/ dependent) on the cognitive field in the flipped classroom environment on improving grade 9 basic education students’ academic achievement in IT in the Sultanate of Oman. The researchers used the developmental approach (descriptive analytical and semi-experimental approach). The following two tools were used: The achievement test (pre/ post) to measure the achievement and the Embedded Figures Test to classify the (independent/ dependent) students on the cognitive field. The study consists of (119) female students of grade 9 basic education in the South Al Batinah Governorate in Sultanate of Oman, and they were divided into four experimental groups. The results of the research showed that the four groups in the post achievement test in IT subject were as follows: experimental (1) studied using the individual collaboration pattern (student/ teacher) and their cognitive style are independent of the cognitive field, they got an average (55.87). And experimental (2) studied using the individual collaboration pattern (student/ teacher) and their cognitive style is dependent on the cognitive field, they got an average (50.40). Whereas the experimental (3) that studied using the group collaboration pattern (students/ teacher) and their cognitive style are independent of the cognitive field an average (50.35). The experimental (4) students who studied using the group collaboration pattern (students/ teacher) and their cognitive style are dependent of the cognitive field an average of (59.14), although there are slight differences; however, it is not statistically significant at the level (α≤05,0) between the averages of the degrees of all four groups. Researchers believe that this is due to the primary effect of the difference in the cognitive style (independence versus dependence on the cognitive field) in the flipped class environment. And there is an effect of interaction between the collaboration pattern (individual- group) and the cognitive approach in the flipped classroom on the academic achievement. Based on the results, a set of recommendations and proposals were presented to activate the flipped classroom strategy and conduct subsequent research. In addition to a project plan to benefit from the research results.
The health concepts included in the books of Islamic education for the ninth and tenth grades in Jordan: المفاهيم الصحية المتضمنة في كتب التربية الإسلامية للصفين التاسع والعاشر الأساسيين في الأردن
Authors: Somaya Mohammad Al- burdini
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to reveal the degree of inclusion of Health Concepts in Islamic Education Books in Jordan, Through the analysis of the content of those books in order to answer the questions of the study, The study used the descriptive approach, and represented the tool to build a list of health concepts, which included twenty- one concepts , The results of the study revealed the availability of health concepts to varying degrees in the books of Islamic education (ninth and tenth) in Jordan The concepts of (non- communicable diseases, methods of prevention of disease, sources of pollution of the environment) came at a high rate, and the concepts (avoid harmful drinks and foods, misconducts, ablution, body hygiene, exercise, definition of diseases, pathogens, moderation using water and investment , Environmental damage), while the other health concepts in these books were low, such as: (personal care, health education, food balance, disease transmission methods, plant care, human role towards environmental conservation). Concepts like (Health and Sleep, Food Contamination)where absent. The results showed that the book of Islamic Education for the tenth grade was ranked first in the total repetitions (120), As the share of the book of the tenth row (65) repeatedly, and came after the book the ninth grade basic, as reached (55) repeatedly The study recommended further studies to identify health concepts in books and other stages of study.
The Reality of The Training Programs Introduced to The Principals of Private Schools in The Province of North Batinah In the Sultanate of Oman: واقع البرامج التدريبية المقدمة لمديري المدارس الخاصة في محافظة شمال الباطنة في سلطنة عُمان
Authors: Ahmed Khamis Mahmood Al-Zadjali
Published: May 2021

The present study aimed to identify the reality of the training programs of private school principals in the province of North Batinah in the Sultanate of Oman and to know the significance of the differences in the effectiveness of the training programs provided to the principals of private schools in the province of North Batinah in the Sultanate of Oman, depending on the variables of gender, Years of administrative experience), the researcher selected 26 managers from private schools in the North Al Batinah Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. After searching for information it became clear that (3) schools with principals are charged by the schools and have no data at the Directorate. Thus, the study sample consisted of (23) managers To analyze the results of the study, the arithmetic mean and standard deviations were extracted, the T test was used for the independent samples, and the ANOVA test was used to analyze the mono-variance. The most important findings of the study: • There is effectiveness of the training programs provided to the principals of private schools in the province of North Batinah in the Sultanate of Oman. • There were statistically significant differences at a level of significance less than (0.05) due to the gender variable in the dimension (training environment) and in favor of males compared to females and the absence of differences in the other dimensions of the study instrument • There were no statistically significant differences at a level of significance less than 0.05 among the study sample members in the dimensions of the study instrument according to the variable of the scientific qualification. • There are statistically significant differences at a level of significance less than 0.05 among the study sample members in the objectives of the training program and for their experience of 5-10 years. There are no statistically significant differences in the other dimensions according to the variable years of experience. The study concluded with a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: • Utilize managers' views on the evaluation aspects of training programs that feel that they need to further evaluate their training programs to achieve a higher level of productivity. • Clear criteria should be adopted for selecting staff to participate in training courses
The effect of applying fair accounting on the quality of financial reports from the auditors' point of view: (A field study for Saudi Telecom Company): أثر تطبيق المحاسبة العادلة على جودة التقارير المالية من وجهة نظر المراجعين: (دراسة ميدانية لشركة الاتصالات السعودية)
Authors: Salwa Dirar Awad Muhammad
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to measure the effect of applying fair accounting on the quality of financial reports from the auditors 'point of view through knowing the reality of interest in them, and showing the impact of accounting disclosure according to the basis of fair value on the quality of financial reports from the auditors' point of view and the study examined the reality of completion of applying fair accounting in the Saudi business environment. Measuring the impact of accounting disclosure according to fair value on the quality of financial reports. The study used a sample of the auditors at Saudi Telecom Company, where an electronic questionnaire was designed and sent to the sample to clear their opinions on the impact of the application of fair accounting on the quality of the company's financial reports. The number of responses was (52) responses. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. The results of the study showed that there is an application of the fair value in the qualitative characteristics of accounting information and this is an indication of the quality of financial reports and that the application by the Saudi fair value companies increases the degree of reliability of the information and the study recommended the need to emphasize Saudi joint stock companies to adhere to the standard of fair value accounting and work to raise the level Coordination and interaction between Saudi universities and academic and training institutions and between joint stock companies that apply accounting standards in order to mix theoretical knowledge with the practical experience of workers in those companies.
Self-worth and its relationship to motivation to work from the Public secondary school teachers’ point of view in Irbid Governorate in Jordan: قيمة الذَّات وعلاقتها بالدَّافعية نحو العمل من وجهة نظر معلمي المدارس الثَّانويَّة الحكومية في محافظة إربد بالأردن
Authors: Abeer Abdul-Hafiz Barakat, Shatha Abdul-Baqi Al-Ajili
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to identify the self-worth and its relationship to motivation to work from the public secondary school teachers’ point of view in Irbid governorate in Jordan. Descriptive relational approach was used. Two scales were used, namely: the self-worth scale and the motivation towards work scale. The two scales were applied to a stratified random sample of (352) male and female teachers in public secondary schools in Irbid governorate, of the first semester (2019-2020). The results showed that the level of self-worth among public secondary school teachers in the governorate of Irbid obtained an overall average (3.98 out of 5), as a rating (high). Furthermore, the level of motivation towards work obtained an overall average (3.72 out of 5), as a rating (high), and at the level of the fields the reasons for motivation related to the teacher got the highest average (3.76), followed by the reasons related to the work environment with an average (3.71) and finally the reasons for society with an average (3.69), all of them with a (high) rating. The results also showed a positive correlation between self-worth and motivation to work among public secondary school teachers in Irbid governorate, which reached (0.62), which is a (medium) relationship and based on the results, a set of recommendations have been proposed, including the need to develop new and innovative mechanisms and methods that work to raise the self-worth of teachers, in a way that improves their performance and increases their motivation towards work.
The obstacles of educational supervision facing educational supervisors in the directorates of education in the south of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan from their point of view: معيقات الاشراف التربوي التي تواجه المشرفين التربويين في مديريات التربية والتعليم في جنوب المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية من وجهة نظرهم
Authors: Sahar Thiab Salman Ghoneim
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to uncover the administrative and technical supervisory constraints of the educational supervisors in the directorates of education in southern Jordan from their point of view. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive method. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of (75) supervisors, representing (%77) of the study population, and using the statistical program (spss). A total average of (4.16), and at the level of the two axes; the axis of administrative obstacles got an average of( 4.24) followed by the axis of physical obstacles, with an average (4.09) and all (high), and the results showed that there are no statistically significant differences between Educational supervisors looked at physical and administrative constraints, and in the light of the results were presented The religion of recommendations and proposals to overcome the obstacles facing the supervisors' directorates of education in the south, and all directorates of the Kingdom.
The role of the school in promoting the value of striving against the self-reliance of the secondary students from the perspective of the teachers in the city of Riyadh
Authors: Sarah Ibrahim bin Rees
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to reveal the reality of the role of the school in promoting the value of striving against the self-reliance of the secondary students, and the detection of obstacles to be strengthened, and identify the ways proposed to reinforcement it.The researcher used descriptive approach (scanning), survey tool to collect data and information, and distributed them to a sample of (445) a teacher, by 6.9 from the original community, they chose the stratified random manner, the most prominent of the results of the study: 1- Across the role of the school in promoting the value of striving against the self-reliance of the secondary students on average (3.50) the assessment (high) according to the first solution dimensions of the role of the teacher in promoting self-striving against the average (3.79), followed by after the role of the school curriculum at an average (3.54), both the assessment (high) and thirdly the role of school management the average (3.37), and finally the role of the school activity the average (3.16) Both the estimation (medium). 2- The axis of impediments to the performance of the school for its role in promoting the value of striving against the self-reliance of the secondary students, on average (3.53), the estimation (high), is the most prominent in the "overcrowding in classrooms with students." 3- The focus of the proposed ways to activate the role of the school in promoting the value of striving against the self-reliance of the secondary students, on average (3.81), the estimation (high), is the most prominent in the "Investing religious seasons in stimulating the students to wrestle with the self.
The extent to which middle school teachers possess creative teaching skills: مدى امتلاك معلمات اللغة العربية في المرحلة المتوسطة بمنطقة عسير لمهارات التدريس الإبداعي
Authors: Sharifa Saad Haidan
Published: May 2021

The aim of this research is to evaluate the extent to which teachers of the Arabic language at the intermediate stage in the Asir region possess the skills of creative teaching and to achieve this goal the researcher used the descriptive approach, as the researcher prepared a card for observing creative teaching skills, and it consisted of (48) paragraphs and was applied to a sample of language teachers Arabic in the intermediate stage in the Asir region; The number of (15) female teachers. The results of the research showed that the overall tool has obtained an average (1.59 out of 3), with a rating (low), and at the axis level, the axis of creative implementation skills got the highest average (1.84 out of 3), with an estimate (average), and the axis of the creative evaluation of the teachers Average (1.76 out of 3) rated (low), and finally, the creative planning axis got an average (1.18 out of 3) rated (low), and in light of these results the researcher made some recommendations, the most important of which are: Making use of the observation card and its list of skills in building programs Training for Arabic language teachers, and participation of curriculum experts, teaching methods and educational technology in planning, designing, implementing, and evaluating programs Training related to Arabic language teachers.
Vision of the students of the University of Tabuk on the culture of entrepreneurship: رؤية طلاب جامعة تبوك حول ثقافة ريادة الأعمال
Authors: Sami al-Akbar al-Dabbousi
Published: May 2021

This research aims at highlighting the entrepreneurship culture. The concepts of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial culture were discussed in theoretical terms. The advantages, disadvantages and risks of entrepreneurship as well as the characteristics of entrepreneurs were also presented. The practical aspect of this research was to study the entrepreneurship culture among students of the University of Tabuk during the academic year 2016/2017. The results showed that the students of the University of Tabuk are looking for job security in the public sector rather than personal initiatives and self-employment. The study also revealed a strong relationship between the student environment and the idea of ​​the project to be completed. The research also revealed a concentration at the level of the Tabuk region in the projects to be completed. As we have noted through the results of the study there is a tendency to individual projects and fear of partnership. A number of recommendations were proposed to support and promote the culture of entrepreneurship, most notably the recommendation to develop the entrepreneurship program at the University of Tabuk and the inclusion of the entrepreneurship course as an obligatory course in all disciplines offered at all colleges of the University of Tabuk.
The difficulties of environmental responsibility and ways of settling their international disputes: الصعوبات التي تواجه المسؤولية البيئية وطرق تسوية نزاعاتها الدولية
Authors: Sami El Tayeb Idris Mohamed
Published: May 2021

This paper dealt with procedural and substantive difficulties faced by environmental responsibility and how to overcome them, in addition to resolving environmental disputes ways. The study relied to collect and extract information from the main sources as references and basic books, research and scientific papers, lectures, and some national legislation and then take advantage of this information to come to the results of scientific value. This study was to identify the problems facing environmental responsibility, the study responded to a query search in terms of the nature of those problems and how to overcome them, where the researcher found during the study to several conclusions, perhaps the most notable: Approval of jurisprudence inadequacy tort techniques in its traditional form to overcome environmental protection problems. There are still difficulties in determining the basis of liability for environmental damage for being the place of doctrinal disputes have not been resolved conclusively because of the special nature of the environmental damage. The difficulty of self-responsibility in the field of environmental protection not only domestically but also just appeared on the international level. The financial compensation arranged by the environmental damage has not received wide acceptance in the field of environmental protection. The nature of international relations in the light of regional and international blocs, making negotiations more vital roads and palatable to solve environmental disputes. Based on these findings the study found several      recommendations, perhaps the most important: the adoption of the application of all legal techniques to sort of responsibility in the field of environmental protection. Give environmental associations the right to legal representation to curb attacks on the environment. Oblige all industrial enterprises to take environmental measures. Develop the concept of diplomatic protection and international direct responsibility procedural rules relating to the settlement of environmental disputes in addition to the application of the theory of strict liability. To work on activating the consultative role of the International Court of Justice in resolving environmental disputes.
The Efficiency of a Group Counseling Program Based on Psychodrama in Enhancing Self-awareness and Reducing Tension among tenth Grade Students In Qalqilia City
Authors: Said Yousef Swilem
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the efficiency of a group counseling program based on psychodrama in improving self-awareness and reducing tension among tenth grade students in Qalqilia City and examining the nature and the direction of the relationship between self-consciousness and tension, the sample of study consisted of (20) students whom were distributed randomly equally to two groups the first is an experimental contains (10) students and the second is a control group contains (10) students in light of a tension variable, they are drawn out from (152) students in governmental schools who obtained the highest stress scale for the current study, a counseling program has been built based on the principles and methodology methods of psychodrama which contained (13) sessions, the current study used a measure of self-awareness and tension before and after the program. The researcher used the semi-experimental design to verify the validity of the two instruments they were presented to a group of specialized consultants. The stability coefficient was then calculated using Cronbach Alpha, where the stability value of the self-awareness scale was 0.81 and tension scale was 0.90. The mean and standard deviations were calculated and the Shapiro-Wilk test was used to examine the normal distribution probability of the variables of self-awareness and tension. The results revealed in the non-moderate distribution of individual responses to the two variables. The Mann-Whitney test, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, and the Spearman Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient test were used. The results showed differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-test of self-awareness and stress measures and for group members this is an indication of the effectiveness of the psychodrama -based counseling program in improving self-awareness and reducing stress among tenth grade students in Qalqilia city and the absence of differences in experimental group members between the tribal and remote testing methods of self-awareness and differences in group members for testing between the two pre-test and post- test of stress. The researcher recommends that self-awareness and stress in the adolescent group should be addressed through the psychodrama -based counseling programs.
Reasons for the absence of students in the last week of study and before and after each holidays in Abha Governorate.
Authors: Shadia Nasser Al - Majathal
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research is to identify the causes of absence and find the appropriate solutions to them and to know the reasons for the problem of the absence of students before and after the holidays and tests and to identify the justifications in Abha governorate. The statistical method was used by building a questionnaire applied to a sample of 550 students, The study found that the most important reasons for repeated absence are due to the reasons for the family and the reasons for the teacher, and that these reasons for absence centered on the factors related to the school environment and family as well as factors related to the same student and student also social factors.
Degree of Professional Development of Educational Leaders in Jordan in Jerash Governorate
Authors: Suhad Mohammad Awad
Published: May 2021

The study aimed at revealing the degree of professional development of educational leaders in Jordan and its relationship to job performance in Jerash governorate. The researcher used the descriptive approach. In order to achieve the goal of the study، the researcher built a tool for the study "questionnaire"، which was distributed to a random sample of (171) In the Jerash Governorate. The results showed that the degree of professional development of the educational leaders is high and with an average of 3.83. The ranking of the fields is ranked in descending order according to the level of the fields: the field of professional development plans، 4.00، Field of development programs methods For a professional، and reached (3: 55). (High). In light of the results، a number of recommendations and proposals were presented to raise the level of professional development of educational leaders and job performance.
The level of environmental awareness of the phenomenon of environmental pollution among teachers of social studies in the light of some variables: مستوى الوعي البيئي بظاهرة التلوث البيئي لدى معلمي الدراسات الاجتماعية في ضوء بعض المتغيرات
Authors: Salma Ali Humaid Al- alawi, Saif Nasser Ali Al- mamari
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to reveal the level of environmental awareness of the phenomenon of environmental pollution among teachers of social studies in the Sultanate of Oman in the light of some variables, in addition to determining the impact of variable academic qualification and years of teaching experience. It was verified that it was (0.88). The study sample consisted of 28 teachers of social studies for the second cycle. The study sample consisted of 28 teachers of social studies for the second cycle. The most prominent results were: The level of environmental awareness of the phenomenon of environmental pollution among teachers of social studies was very high. The average sample responses ranged between (4.2- 4.7). The level of environmental awareness of the phenomenon of environmental pollution does not vary according to academic qualification and the number of years of experience. In the light of the results of the study, the researchers recommend the preparation of programs and training courses for teachers of social studies to prepare them environmentally, and acquire environmental concepts and knowledge, and familiarize them with environmental problems and how to address them and the optimal exploitation of environmental resources, and not limited to the verbal side in those programs and courses, and attention to the teacher in the academic preparation phase of During his teaching courses related to the environment.