bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of medical waste management reality in health institutions in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate - Iraq
Authors: Falih Ahmed Mahmoud , Al Kasser Mohammed K. , Abbas Mukhtar Dhajir , Ali Hiba Abbas
Published: June 2021

The current study was conducted in Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq (180 km south of Baghdad) to determine the effect of the wastes produced by health institutions on the environment and public health. The results showed that the amount of solid medical wastes generated from hospitals ranges between 3-3432 kg/day, and the treatment process is incinerators without any care taking to the health and environmental standards criteria. The study indicated that some hospitals do not contain waste treatment units for medical wastes. The medical wastes resulting from private clinics and laboratories are thrown with municipal waste without any sorting or treatment process. Liquid wastes from some government hospitals are thrown to the public sewage network without chemical treatment, while private hospitals lack wastewater treatment unit, and its wastewater and that’s results from medical clinics and private laboratories are discharged either directly into the river’s water through the rainwater network or by dumping it into the drainage using tank cars without any treatment. Thus, that most governmental and private health institutions do not have the ability to manage their medical wastes in an environmentally responsible manner and are not committed to the standards recommended by the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment in managing their medical wastes, which exposes workers in these health institutions, patients and the general public at risk in addition to the negative impacts on the environment and its living resources.
Disinfection By-Product Removal by Activated Carbon-using Batch mode
Authors: Hasan Nabeel Ibrahim , Makki Hasan F.
Published: June 2021

This research was aimed to study the efficiency of activated carbon to remove Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) from drinking water. This work studies the main compounds of DBPs Trichloromethane (TCM) and Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) at the effect of Temperature (25−35 C°), pH (4−9), adsorbate initial concentration (4−124 mg/l) for TCM, (4−100 mg/l) for TCA and adsorbent weight (15−20 g) of activated carbon. The results show that the adsorption capacity decreases with temperature and pH increasing, and increases with initial adsorbate concentration and adsorbent weight increasing. The kinetics of the adsorption was studies and the results showed that it followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics, also the thermodynamic parameters were determined for adsorption process where the results showed that the adsorption of TCM and TCA on activated carbon was spontaneously and exothermic. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms constants were determined for TCM and TCA, at the end of this work eight tap water samples from Baghdad University tap water were tested to determine TCM and TCA concentrations then treated with activated carbon where the removal efficiency was (98.1% − 99.37 %).
Hydrothermal Liquefaction Conversion of Lignocelluloses and waste Biomass Using Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Hasan Noor Hadi , Jazie Ali A.
Published: June 2021

The conversion of biomass into higher-value fuels is among the most famous feasible avenues for misuse of the stuff. At present, hydrothermal liquefaction is considered one of the most powerful methods for transforming wet biomass into bio-crude, but needs costly upgrading therapies to be used as biofuel.

It is important to use catalysts capable of directly enhancing the bio crude yield also efficiently of the reaction course. The value for increasing the total productivity of the operation. The effects on the yield of bio-crude and the effect of heterogeneous catalyst addition. A typical catalytic activity was established in lignocellulosic biomass hydrothermal liquefaction, causing the different catalysts to be divided four distinct classes (transition metals, lanthanides oxides, alkaline metal oxides, and zeolites). A hydrodeoxygenation action of the catalysts effect on quality, bio-crude yield, and it illustrates the working environments used. A highest yield of the use of bio-crude has been confirmed Metals and lanthanide oxides are transferred. That can concurrently guarantee high-production bio-crude quality. This study’s goal is to objectively summarize the impact of the added of zeolite catalysts on lignocellulosic biomass hydrothermal liquefaction, with a special emphasis on improving bio-crude yield and efficiency. It also highlighted the typical catalytic effects corresponding to zeolite catalysts.
Magnetic nanoparticles for hydroxy-PAHs removal from synthetic urine
Authors: ALfarhani Bassam F. , Al-Mousawi Riyam R. , Alzaidy Ali. S. , Aziz Raghad Shakeer , Shingar Fadha Kareem
Published: June 2021

The study summarizes using a new synthesized core/shell type of nanoparticles to remove hydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Fe2O3 coated with compound ((3-aminopropyl) triethoxy silane) and tested for removal of hydroxy PAHs from synthetic urine, The synthesized Core/shell nanoparticles were characterized using several techniques such as XRD analysis of The synthesized nanoparticles show amorphous structure. The results obtained showed the high value of the removal ratio that indicates of the tremendous power of the synthesized nanoparticles on removal of PAH.
The Impact of Climate Changs on Medicinal Plants in the Western Plateau/Al-Anbar Governorate
Authors: Hammody Dina T.
Published: June 2021

This paper looked at the impact of climate changes represented by humidity, temperature and other related phenomena, on the growth of desert plants in the western plateau of Anbar Governorate. Desert plants covers 70% of Iraq area, consist of short herbs and thorny plants that resists drought. The number of desert plants is around 450 species of which 99% of medicinal use. Climate data analysing of the region under study, has been conducted for both annual and monthly temperature and humidity rates from 2010-2019. In addition, the effect of humidity and temperature on desert plants were reviewed, due to the importance of the temperature and its close relationship with humidity which is essential for plants growth. The article found that the changing of climate phenomena is one of the main factors that determine the quality and nature of the presence of different plant species in the study area.
A study on a simultaneous biological nitrification-denitrification of an aqueous solution simulating a refinery wastewater
Authors: Ali Rusol Hussein , Albdiri Amer D.Z. , Jabir Ferdous A.
Published: June 2021

A bench-scale bioreactor with a five-liter working volume was used to carry out a simultaneous biological nitrification-denitrification (SBND) of an aqueous solution simulating refinery wastewater. The bioreactor was also used to perform a similar scheme of experiments on real refinery wastewater (RRW). Despite the higher salinity of the RRW, the obtained results of the two cases demonstrated a fair trend agreement, but a lower nitrogen removal efficiency for the RRW. Anaerobic bacteria (Phenobacter) was successfully adapted to perform nitrification (aerobic) and denitrification (anaerobic) processes. Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved salts (TDS), and nitrate (NO3
−) ions were periodically measured (each 1 hour) to determine the time for the nitrification and denitrification. The time for nitrification was around 4 hours and the time for denitrification was approximately 3 hours (75% of the nitrification time). The minimum and maximum values of the pH, COD, TDS, and NO3
− ions at the start and the end of the nitrification-denitrification processes were 7.3-8.5, 318-585, 779.88-7710, and 2.4-56 respectively for the aqueous solution, while their range was 7.3-8.3, 310-660, 4736.9-8086, and 5.6-78 respectively for the RRW. The nitrogen removal efficiencies of the aqueous solution and the RRW were 95% and 87% respectively. The results prove the successful adaptation of an aerobic bacteria (Phenobacter) for nitrifying and denitrifying a refinery wastewater and reducing the investment and operational costs of the wastewater treatment plant.
Polymorphisms of IFN-γ T/A +874 Gene and Relationship with COVID 19 in Iraqi Population
Authors: Nasser Dhabaan Anwar Abed , Alwan Mohammad Hussein
Published: June 2021

This study included 80 blood specimens. Fifty samples collected from COVID 19 with age ranged between 02-75 years, and 30 blood specimens collected from healthy as a control sample with age ranged between 91-63 years. The polymorphism ofIFN-γT/A +874 gene, which amplified by using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) was showed high percentage of A allele frequency in COVID 19 patients sample in comparison with T allele frequency, and the A allele revealed as etiological fraction with risk by having COVID 19 disease, whereas the T allele showed high frequency from the A allele frequency in control specimen, and the A allele revealed as preventive fraction from infection by this disease. The AA and TA genotypes revealed as etiological fraction with risk by having COVID disease, whereas the TT genotype revealed as preventive fraction with risk by having COVID 19 disease. Our findings demonstrate that theIFN-γGene T/A +874 gene polymorphism may represent a significant risk factor for COVID 19 in Iraqi population and there is association between theIFN-γGene T/A +874 polymorphism and COVID 19 patients.
Detection of Entamoeba gingivalis by PCR Technology and its Association with Oral Diseases
Authors: AL-Sarhan Omran Hassan , Mohemeed Abdulkhalik Alwan , Saeed Ahmed Yas
Published: June 2021

This study included collecting 100 samples in the form of gum swabs, gum pockets, saliva, and extracted teeth, and PCR technology was used to determine the incidence of Entamoeba gingivalis in northern Salah El-Din governorate for healthy and people with oral diseases and those suffering from diabetes of the first and second types. The overall injury rate was 52%. It was found that the incidence of people with oral diseases was 60%, and the rate was 33.3% in healthy subjects. And that the rate of infection in persons with gingivitis is the highest rate of infection among oral diseases, as the rate reached 80% and the lowest incidence of 30% for those with tooth decay disease. The incidence of oral diseases and those suffering from diabetes is 61%, and the incidence of persons with oral diseases and those suffering from type 1 diabetes is the highest incidence of persons with oral diseases and those suffering from diabetes type II, as the rate reached 66.6, 55.5%, respectively. And the incidence of smokers and those with oral diseases is higher than that of persons with oral diseases and non-smokers, as the rate was 78.5 and 47.6%, respectively.
Qualitative assessments of Sub-base deposits of Dibdiba formation and determine their suitability for construction and engineering purposes in selected quarries at Karbala governorate/middle of Iraq
Authors: Neema Ahmed Q. , Khalaf Muhsen O.
Published: June 2021

In this geotechnical study a qualitative assessment was made on the Sub-base deposits of the Dibdiba Formation from selected quarries in Karbala Governorate, central Iraq. Where 4 quarries were selected and 6 samples were taken from each quarry, bringing the total number of samples studied to 24. Physical tests such as (grain size analysis, CBR% test, Modified proctor compaction test, Atterberg limits test, and scraping ratio test) were performed, as well as chemical tests such as (sulfate content SO3%, gypsum percentage CaSO4.2H2O% test, Total soluble salts%, and organic matter% test) and the results showed that the Sub-base deposits in Dibdiba Formation in the study area falls under the class (B) according to the general specification for roads and bridges (SORB/R6,1999). The chemical tests of the studied models showed that the percentage of harmful substances is very low and that the studied Sub-base deposits are very good in terms of suitability for use for construction, engineering and road works. It is worth noting that the results of the scraping ratio test were very close, and therefore this indicates that the origin of these deposits studied is from one source.
Control Fig Mosaic Virus By plant extracts with salicylic acid
Authors: Zagier Shrooq , Fadhal Fadhal Al , Alisawi Osamah
Published: June 2021

Many attempts have been made to reduce or limit the economic damage caused by the fig mosaic virus to the growth of fig trees and their production from the fruits, in this study the disease in fig seedlings was controlled by aqueous extracts of licorice roots and garlic cloves, salicylic acid. experiments in the greenhouse showed that salicylic acid spraying treatments and aqueous extracts of licorice root and garlic plant cloves individually and twice on intact fig seedlings infected with the fig mosaic virus had a significant effect in reducing the severity of the virus and increasing plant growth indicators such as number of leaves, plant height, leaf content of chlorophyll and elements Nitrogen and phosphorous, and the interaction treatment between licorice extract and garlic cloves extract outperformed in achieving the lowest rate of infection severity, which reached 26.45%, compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 90.36%.
Removal of Metformin hydrochloride from Aqueous Solutions by using Carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) Hydrogel: Adsorption and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Faleh Yahya A. , Radhy Nadher D.
Published: June 2021

The ]Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose-grafting-Poly(Acryl Amide-Acrylic Acid) [ hydrogel was synthesized through free radical polymerization method of CMC, AAm, and AAc. Potassium persulfate(KPS) and N, N methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) were used as initiator and crosslinking agent, respectively. FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and TGA were used to characterize the synthesized hydrogel. The hydrogel was used to remove metformin hydrochloride drug from aqueous solutions. The analysis clarifies the effect of several parameters on the quantity of adsorbate, including pH at a range of (1.2-12), the temperature at a range of (15, 20, 25 and 30°C), equilibrium time (1-240 min), and adsorbate weight at a range of (0.001-0.1 g). It is discovered that as temperature increases and pH decreases, the quantity of adsorbate present decreases. Equilibrium time 120 min. The adsorption isotherm seems to indicate that the adsorption mechanism followed Freundlich and Temkin models. Thermodynamic functions were measured, and it was discovered that the adsorption mechanism is exothermic and spontaneous.
Adsorption and removal studies of heavy metal Pb(II) on their Water Solution on adsorbent surface of Vinyl Alcohol/Chitosan-Graphene Oxide
Authors: Jasim Layth S. , Irhayyim Sajjad H.
Published: June 2021

Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide (CH-g-PVA/GO) hydrogel was prepared by using iron chloride as a cross-linking agent. This hydrogel was used to remove lead ions as it was found to have a suitable surface area for adsorption time was 120 mint. The adsorption is proven using FESEM and FTIR analysis, TEM analysis, and knowledge of AFM surface roughness.. Also, TGA shows that the hydrogel is stable at high temperatures. The study of the hydrogel’s kinetic parameter was performed by using the lead ion applied to the adsorption of the pseudo-second-order because (R2) approximates the correct model.
The environmental effects of nano powder against some microbes that isolated from oral cavity
Authors: Kadhum Alghanimi Sarmad Mahdi , Hadi Sawsan Samir
Published: June 2021

Among the applications that nan opowder can use is its ability to inhibit the growth of microbes in certain proportions according to the type of microbe, by changing the environmental characteristics of the culture medium in which the microbes grow, and this is done after isolating and determining the type of microbe by taking a group of isolates taken from swabs of the oral cavity, These microbes were obtained (Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus sp., Candida sp., Actinomyces sp., Actinobacillus sp., Bacillus sp.) In various proportions 37.6%, 18%, 16.4%, 12.8%, 9.5%., 5.7%, respectively. After the process of producing nano powder, which consists of three crystalline types (sulfur, carbon, and chloride), which have been prepared in a mechanical way and with sequential stages and steps until the particles are obtained through which the desired purpose can be achieved. Its efficiency and ability to inhibit and prevent the growth of microbes in the culture medium are examined after they were identified in the primary isolates and cultivated again, when they were transplanted again with the culture plates, and the areas of inhibition were documented on the plates containing the culture medium in which these microbes were grown.
Effect of phosphate rock and kinetin and its interactions in the growth of basil plant Ocimum Basilicumt
Authors: Said Aljalaly Amel Abd , Said Aljalaly Suad Abd , AL-Mentafji Hayder N. H.
Published: June 2021

An plastic pots experiment was conducted, in (the Botanical Garden of Biology Department in the Faculty of Education Ibn Al-Haytham- University of Baghdad), for a growing season(2019-2020), in order to study the effect of phosphate rocks, the level of addition and non-addition, the last is the control treatment, and spraying with kinetin, In three concentrations(25, 50, 100) mg. L −1 as well as control treatment it’s do not spray, and the their interactions on the content of: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorophyll and concentration: protein and carbohydrates in the shoot of basil. The results confirmed that the addition of phosphate rock and sprinkling of kinetin and its interference have a significant effect on the studied traits of basil. The treatment of adding the phosphorous rock and the concentration 100 mg. L −1 gave in the highest values for the above mentioned characteristics.
Assessment the Status of Treated and Ground Water Production in Selected Provinces in Iraq
Authors: Janna Hussein
Published: June 2021

The objective of this work was to evaluate the usage and production of water in selected provinces in Iraq for the period from 2016- 2018. Thus, the procedure consists of collecting the data and analyze these data statistically in order to find the general trend of the water production and consuming in Iraq. Five provinces were selected to evaluate their status in terms of drinking waters production. The key associated findings with respect to the drinking waters is that there is no province within the selected provinces has increased the design capacity to be compatible with the increasing in their populations. In addition, Kirkuk has a significant reduction in the actual production of drinking waters while the drinking water production in Missan is higher that the planned production. Moreover, the losses in drinking waters were reduced in Kirkuk comparing to other provinces unless that due to the decline in the actual production. The other findings with respect to the ground waters is that although there is an increasing in the number of constructed wells and that mean to the increase to the water demand, however, low rate of production in some areas within the selected study areas. Finally, the ground waters quality is classified between slightly saline to moderately saline. More monitoring and evaluation studies needs to be undertaken to the other provinces in order to diagnose and overcome the problems.
Environmentally sustainable disposal of expired albendazole medication and its role in the protection of mild steel
Authors: Yousif Qahtan.A.
Published: June 2021

It is well known that improper disposal of unused medications will pollute the environment. In addition, scientists are also looking for a corrosion inhibitor that is safe for the climate. As a result of these factors, unutilized medicinal compounds may be used as corrosion inhibitors. In a 1 M HCl solution, the effectiveness of the expired medication for treating a variety of parasitic worm infestations as an albendazole drug was assessed. Albendazole’s inhibitory efficacy increases as its concentration increases, reaching 11%. Furthermore, potentiodynamic polarization curves show that both albendazoles are mixed-type inhibitors, with anodic corrosion being the most prevalent. The findings of scanning electron microscopy surface analysis results of treated coupons match those of Tafel and OCP.
Inhibitory action of a new derivative of amino acids in aerated acidic media
Authors: Fadel Zainb , Yousif Qahtan.A.
Published: June 2021

The present work was effective in combining equimolar 4aminoacetophene with leucine amino acid in the synthesis of a new corrosion inhibitor (S2).1H N.M.R.,13C N.M.R., C.H.N., and FTIR techniques proved its structure. At 298.15 K, 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solution was measured to affect the S2 inhibitor on the CS (X56) electrode. S2 has been verified as a suitable inhibitor and as a mixed interference to control both anodic and the cathodic response to delayed corrosion by blocking the active sites in the surface electrode by the results of electrochemical measurements as open circuit potential and Tafel scan. These observations were accompanied by FE-SEM images and mapping spectrums that showed a transparent surface protective layer.
Groundwater Hydrochemistry Assessment of North Dhi-Qar Province, South of Iraq Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques
Authors: Ewaid Salam Hussein , Mhajej Kareem Ghafel , Abed Salwan Ali , Al-Ansari Nadhir
Published: June 2021

Multivariate statistical techniques including correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA) were applied in this study to assess the groundwater hydrochemistry of the North Dhi-Qar Province, South of Iraq. The water samples were taken from 16 water wells in the period from January to October 2020 and ten water variables were analyzed, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO4
−2, and HCO3
−. The results obtained from Spearman’s correlation showed that the positive and negative correlation of P < 0.05 between water variables is different at two-tailed grades. Results from the PCA have shown that approximately 85% of the overall variance has been clarified by the three PCs achieved. The main causes of variation in the hydro-chemical properties of water samples of the wells can therefore be determined. PC 1 represents about 36.75% of the variance and holds a high loading for EC, HCO3
−, Cl−, K+, and EC. PC2, which explains 35% of the total variance, has high loadings for EC, Na+, TDS, Ca+2, and SO4
−2. PC 3 shows high loadings for pH, which accounts for 13.235% of the variation in the water hydrochemistry. The hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) grouped the 16 sampling wells into three clusters of similar water quality characteristics. In the analysis of space changes in water quality, this research demonstrates the use of multivariate statistical methods for the interpretation of complex data sets. This will thus improve future studies preparation.
Using ArcGIS Software and Remote Sensing Technology to Predict Land Surface Temperature (LST) for Monitoring Ecological and Climate Change in Hor Al-Dalmaj, Southern Iraq
Authors: Salwan Ali Abed , Ahmed Abaas Awad , Salim Mudhafar A.
Published: June 2021

As a consequence of higher human growth, urbanization, and persistent threats to the environment, there is an urgent need to monitor some ecological disruption and climate change in Hor Al-Al-Dalmaj, which serves as a rest stop for thousands of migratory birds. Research scientific period August 2020 to March 2021, ecological research was conducted to collect data on Al-Al-Dalmaj land from satellite Landsat-8, the temperature for the watershed limit is 42.97°C, the low-reed mudflat is 49.81°C, semi-arid ground is 55.89°C, with a dry land of 62.62°C from August 30-2020.
The Influence of Al-Betool Hospital Effluent on Diyala River
Authors: Omran Hassan A. , Al-Jleel Omar Abdul , Abdul Hussein Humam A.
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted to study the effect of Al-Betool hospital effluent on Diyala river and find the suitable methods to reduce its effect on river Samples from river water before and after the effluent of the hospital and from hospital it self were collected from January to December 2018 with rate of three samples monthly. Hydrogen ion concentration (PH), EC, PO4, NO3, TDS, TSS, and DO was determined. Results of this study indicated the possibility of establishing treatment plant to the waste water discharged from hospital in order to the conservation of river waters from pollution.
Investigation of Nanostructured NiO and Au Doped NiO Thin Films by SPT
Authors: Mohammed Khalid G , Agool Ibrahim R , Abdulameer Firas S , Dawood Mohammed O , Abdulmunem Oday M , Habubi Nadir F , Chiad Sami S
Published: June 2021

Nanostructured Nickel oxide (NiO) and NiO doped with 2% and 4% Au were prepared via spray pyrolysis technique (SPT). Structure, surface morphology, and optical properties were evaluated via XRD, AFM and UV-VIS spectrometer. Results indicate that all thin films polycrystalline and the peaks at 37.28° and 43.29° corresponding to (111), (200). The AFM image shows average diameter 73.5nm and average roughness 0.76 nm. Optical measurements show the band gap decrease with increase doping of Au thin films (2.88, 2.75 and 2.39) eV.
Structure and Optical Properties of Cdse:Ga Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation Method
Authors: Mohammed Hamza M. , Abd Al Hussan Shahlaa M. , Agool Ibrahim R.
Published: June 2021

Cadmium Selenide (CdSe and CdSe:Ga) alloy has been prepared successfully in an evacuated quartz tube at a pressure (10−2 Torr). The structure of the CdSe alloy (powder) was tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and found as a polycrystalline (hexagonal) structure. CdSe and CdSe: Thin films have been deposited with a thermal evaporation process on the glass and Si substrates. The aim of this kind of study was to determine the ultrastructural morphology and optical properties of pure CdSe and Ga doped films produced using a method of thermal evaporation. The effect of Gallium on the structural and optical properties of CdSe thin film were doped at 0, 1, 3 and 5%. For all Ga doping ratios, the structural features such as the size of the grain and the micro strain of the thin film have been clarified with XRD technique and XRD pattern. The chosen orientation (002) for all prepared film has been polycrystal structures (hexagonals). With an increase in Ga from 37,54 to 21,37 nm, the grain volume decreases. AFM and SEM were used to study the morphology and surface roughness of the CdSe pure and doping films. All films were homogeneous with a characteristic spherical grain size depending on Ga concentration. The roughness of the films increases with the increase of Ga dopant. UV-Visible spectra photometer is used to investigate the visible properties such as absorption, absorption coefficient and energy gaps in thin films. The absorption value subsequently increased with Al doping concentration of localized states in the band gap of the films increases with the increasing of Al dopant, where optical energy gap values decreased with increasing the proportion of the doping in the range between 1.74 and 1.62. The grain size for pure and Ga- doped CdSe of thin films were decreased with Ga ratios. The absorption coefficient determined depends on photon energy incident (hv), the energy gap of the semiconductor as well as the form of transitions. In conclusions, CdSe and CdSe:Ga were successfully prepared from pure elements Cd, Se and Ga. XRD patterns showed the CdSe and CdSe:Ga films are polycrystalline of hexagonal structure directions by Ga doping that orientated a peak became less intensity from undoped CdSe film. The XRD patterns and AFM measurements of Ga-doped and undoped CdSe thin films agree with each other of the grain size within nanocrystal range and decrease as Ga doping concentration increases. AFM images indicate that the increasing in Ga doping that showed smooth surface films compared to the CdSe films. The optical bands gaps of the films have a direct band transition and slightly decreased with the increasing Ga doping.
Lifetime of Violet 1 Dye Doping the Polymer Nanostructured Optical Fibers and Thin Films for Biomedical applications
Authors: Sulaiman Luay Hamid
Published: June 2021

This study, the homemade electrospinning system was used to produces the [PMMA] polymer nanofibers doped with Violet 1 dye and also prepared polymer films. The fluorescence spectra showed the intensity of emission increase with concentration, the lifetime measured by using single-photon counting technique showed the lifetime increased with concentration increased until the concentration reach (0.5 *10−3)[M] then it drops exponentially to reaches to (2 nsec). Also, lifetime measured in low temperature. This study showed in low concentration, the self-absorption dominated, whereas at high concentration the internal quenching dominated.
Assessment the ability of Trichoderma harzianum Fungi in Bioremediation of some of Heavy Metals in Waste Water
Authors: Hussain Douaa Faris , Mutlag Nihad Habeeb
Published: June 2021

The study included the use of Trichoderma harzianum for biodegradation heavy metals in a wastewater treatment plant and their ability to decompose these minerals through a series of tests. The first test involved the use of two Trichoderma harzianum isolates for biodegradation through a filtration action. In the second test, the comparison was used in pre and post-treatment in Petri dishes, The result showed a clear green growth of fungi and their use of heavy metals as an energy source. Scanning Electronic Microscope SEM) was used to compare the vegetative growth of fungi before and after treatment on P.D.A media, which showed clear and normal growth with a short growth period of the Petri dish after treatment and compared it to the control of the Petri dish with different magnification powers (6738x, 5988x, 2713x, 2509x)., 6453x, 5708x, 2598x, 2400x). A third test used a Atomic Absorption technique to quantify heavy metals for the site 2 after 28 days of bioremediation. The results showed the highest removal rate of Cd was 98.63% and Mn was94.35% for (T.h1) and the lowest biodegradation of Zn and Fe (39.77% and 47.43%,) respectively. The nutrient had the highest removal rate of PO4 was 69.87% and the lowest percentage of NO3 was 8.91%.The results also showed the highest removal rate for (T.h2) Mn and Cd with rates of 86.41% and 81.73%, the lowest percentage of decomposition of Zn was 52.27%, and the highest percentage of decomposition of PO4 was 70.74% Lowest removal rate of NO3 was 36.49%. A Atomic Absorption technique was used to quantify heavy metals after 28 days of biological treatment for the site1. The results showed the highest biodegradation percentage (T.h1) for manganese and Pb 83.27% and 84.50%, respectively, and the lowest biodegradation percentage was Zn and Fe (33.67%, 38.09%,) respectively, and the nutrient removal rate was the highest, NO3 was 85.27 %, The lowest rate is 27.74% of SO4. The results showed the highest removal rate (T.h2) for the elemental fungus Mn (87.32%) and Pb (84.01%) and the lowest percentage for Fe was (36.90%).The results of the experiment showed that the fungi largest biomass are the most efficient in the bioremediation process and the removal of pollutants from wastewater.
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of MgO nanoparticles
Authors: Radhi Zahraa Essa , Jasim Neeran Obied
Published: June 2021

nanoparticles of magnesium oxide were prepared using the water extract of the leaves of the Sesbania plant in presence of Mg(OH)2, the characterized of prepared molecules were studied using UV spectroscopy analysis, infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) (SEM). XRD studies have confirmed that the crystalline structures of MgO nanoparticles were formed at an average size of 30 nm. The results of the antifungal activity confirmed the effectiveness of the nanoparticles prepared against to T. rubrum in solid and liquid media. Also, when calculating the percentage of yield of the method used in preparation, the results produced the efficiency of this method.
Virulence of Beauveria bassiana from Different Carbohydrate Sources Against Riptortuslinearis L. (Hemiptera: Alydidae)
Authors: Permadi Muhammad Agung , Lubis Rafiqah Amanda , Mahmud Amir , Harahap Qorry Hilmiyah , Sitanggang Haryogi Setiawan
Published: June 2021

Riptortuslinearis is a cosmopolitan pest that is widespread throughout the world. These pests are also polyphagous which meansthis pest has many hosts. The potential of R. linearis as a pest needs to be monitored because it is an important pod sucking pest. The entomopathogenic fungi are one of the biological control agents that are often used to control plant pests. One of the entomopathogenic fungi that are often used to control insect pests is Beauveria bassiana. Media that contains all the essential nutrients needed fungi for fungal culture in the laboratory. The source of nutrition is a determining factor for the growth and virulence of entomopathogenic fungi because the rate of germination, growth, and sporulation arean indicator of the level of virulence. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Agrotechnology, UniversitasMuhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan. This research used a Completely Randomized Design, 5 treatments (5 growth media for B. bassiana). The results showed that B. bassiana grown in the various media had no significant effect on the mortality of R. linearis imago. The lowest LT50 R. linearis was caused by B. bassiana infection grown on rice media.
BIM Implementation in Public Construction Projects in Indonesia
Authors: Puspita Nurkhasanah Rina , Patriotika Fithriyah
Published: June 2021

The delayed of BIM advancement in Indonesia has proffered that Indonesian government awareness to generate an optimum knowledge and research in BIM implementation is frequently low. In order to catalyst some infrastructure projects which based government projects, the contractor companies should put their creativity and their improved knowledge to win the government projects. Regarding the existing challenges that frequently exist in several projects, BIM has been appeared as a sophisticated technology-based solution to overcome them. However, the level of BIM development in Indonesia nowadays has not been confirmed yet due to the BIM research evolvement is slowly. Even though, there are some companies which has utilised BIM either in their companies or their project such as the construction of Bakauheni - Terbanggi Besar toll road, the construction of Solo - Kertosolo toll road, etc. Nevertheless, the effectiveness and efficiency of BIM utilisation in a contractor company need to measure as an attempting to assist BIM research evaluation in Indonesia. By the questionnaire survey, this research is going to find out how BIM take the responsibility to reduce the complexity of diversity project. Moreover, the benefits and drawbacks which BIM contributes for several projects which have already through BIM’s role need to assembly as a further consideration for Indonesian government to arrange the convenience regulation regards to adopt BIM as the obligations later. Additionally, the assessment of the stakeholder’s role in BIM also necessary to evaluate since the optimum of BIM’s assignment in construction industry involving not only the contractor but also the consultant and the owner. Thus, the research is expected to endowment the further knowledge for BIM implementation in Indonesia.
Online learning sentiment analysis during the covid-19 Indonesia pandemic using twitter data
Authors: Sahir Syafrida Hafni , Ayu Ramadhana Raden Sri , Romadhon Marpaung Muhammad Fauzi , Munthe Shabrina Rasyid , Watrianthos Ronal
Published: June 2021

In the last week of September 2020, Covid-19 in Indonesia has infected more than 252,000 people. The spread of the virus through physical contact forces all countries to use social distance and physical distance to reduce interactions. On the educational side, the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the prevention of face-to-face teaching and learning activities. All educational institutions must stop the learning process and replace it with online learning. Nadiem Makarim, Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, then affirmed this online learning by issuing a policy on online learning in case of an emergency spread of the Covid-19 virus. However, this online learning has provoked debate in the community over the preparation of the technology. The goal of this study was to analyze public opinion for online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in October 2020. The research carried out document-based text mining and feelings on Twitter data analyzed using the Naïve Bayes method. Analysis in that period found 25 percent positive sentiment, 74 percent negative sentiment, and 1 percent neutral sentiment. Several tweets showed that the words ‘stress’ and ‘covid’ were the most commonly spoken in the month.
Response of Oil Palm Plant Growth (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) to Aluminium Stress
Authors: Panggabean Nurul Huda , Nurwahyuni Isnaini , Djamaan Elimasni
Published: June 2021

This research aims to study the response of palm oil plants to Aluminum stress their deficiencies. This experiment used Aluminum (Al) with different concentrations of 0 ppm (Al0), 100 ppm (Al1) and 200 ppm (Al2) dissolved in hoagland liquid media with different old of oil palm plants. Based on the results obtained, the effect of aluminum stress on the wet weight of the plant has a real effect while it has the same effect on plant height and plant root length. Some deficiencies experienced by palm oil plants that are in stress of Al, the first symptom that is seen is the plant roots become shorter and thicker, as a result the growth and development of roots is inhibited and in the long term can cause the ability of plants to absorb nutrients is reduced. Anatomically observations of chlorophyll content and stomata density, where plants aged 6 months have the highest total chlorophyll content (0.059602, 0.05612, and 0.066077) while the lowest chlorophyll content in plants is 2 months old (0.018388, 0, 022428 and 0.017978). The density of stomata at 2 months age has the highest values while the lowest density values for plants in 6 months for each treatment
Numerical and experimental investigation of the transmission moment of clinching points
Authors: Steinfelder C , Kalich J , Brosius A , Füssel U
Published: June 2021

In clinching, the combinations of requirements, materials, component dimensions and tools influence the resulting joint geometry and the resulting bonding mechanisms. These in turn affect the property profile of the joint. For example, it is possible to use different tools to flexibly adapt clinching points to the respective required load regime. Clinching points dimensioned in this way can be geometrically similar, but have different mechanical stress states, which leads to different properties in terms of load-bearing behavior. Within the scope of this work, the clinching process with different tools in optimal and compromise design and its effect on the force and form-closure component, is investigated in a torsion test of the clinched connection. Clinched steel sheets with two thicknesses and joining directions are analyzed. Virtual experiments are carried out using finite element analyses (FEA) of the joining process and are followed by a springback simulation. Subsequently, the surface pressure between the two joining partners in the clinching points is calculated on the basis of the results from the FEA and the transmittable moment of the connection, as an indicator for the force-closure component, is determined. Finally, the experimental and simulated data are compared and discussed.
Inverse parameter identification of an anisotropic plasticity model for sheet metal
Authors: Friedlein J , Wituschek S , Lechner M , Mergheim J , Steinmann P
Published: June 2021

The increasing economic and ecological demands on the mobility sector require efforts to reduce resource consumption in both the production and utilization phases. The use of lightweight construction technologies can save material and increase energy efficiency during operation. Multi-material systems consisting of different materials and geometries are used to achieve weight reduction. Since conventional joining processes reach their limits in the connection of these components, new methods and technologies are necessary in order to be able to react versatilely to varying process and disturbance variables. For fundamental investigations of new possibilities in joining technology, numerical investigations are helpful to identify process parameters. To generate valid results, robust and efficient material models are developed which are adapted to the requirements of versatile joining technologies, for instance to the high plastic strains associated with self-piercing riveting. To describe the inherent strain-induced plastic orthotropy of sheet metal an anisotropic Hill-plasticity model is formulated. Tensile tests for different sheet orientations are conducted both experimentally and numerically to adjust the anisotropic material parameters by inverse parameter identification for aluminium EN AW-6014 and steel HCT590X. Then, the layer compression test is used to validate the model and the previously identified parameters.
Safe mechanical joining processes by digital manufacturing supervision in steel coil productions
Authors: Schmale H C , Geddert T
Published: June 2021

Mechanical joining processes, in particular joining by forming like self-pierce riveting or clinching, require homogenous material characteristics for reliable joint properties. Joining processes in production are called safe, when the estimated properties for each manufactured joint, e.g. strength, remain in predefined narrow boundaries. Thus, an automated process monitoring is possible. A key reliability factor in automated production are varying joining materials properties. In case of steel, the knowledge of mutually dependent manufacturing steps at the coil build-up are crucial: First, milling conditions, such as dressing grade, predetermine the mechanical strength and fracture strain of the later joint. Second, the structure of corrosion protection layer by electrolytic or hot-dip galvanizing combined with forming and corrosion protection lubricants define the gliding abilities at later joining processes. It was found that a high dependency exists between solidification behaviour as well as surface friction level of the joining material and the stability of the joining process and the load capacity of the joint. To achieve safe mechanical joining results, these mentioned material properties must be guaranteed precisely by production monitoring techniques at the coil manufacturing. These include among others, methods for the non-destructive testing of mechanical properties at different coil areas, as well as systems for monitoring surface conditions and layers. As the material properties are build up over several production steps, production data are digitally collected today, analysed under quality aspects and if necessary corrective measurements are set online in the production.
A Thermography-based Online Control Method for Press Hardening
Authors: Garcia-Llamas E. , Pujante J. , Torres P. , Bonada F.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this work is to investigate a simple on-line control methodology applicable to press hardening. Short production runs were performed in a laboratory plant, using a pyrometer to measure sheet and die temperatures with varying processing conditions. Sheets thus treated were studied in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. Different closing die time and refrigeration conditions were employed to force OK and Not OK conditions. The experimental data including the process variables as a well as the resultant temperatures have been analysed and modelled by means of statistical analysis and Machine Learning algorithms, to discover hidden correlations that can lead to actionable predicting models. The results show a direct link of the final temperature with the microstructure and its hardness. The outcome of this paper can be used for efficient process design and detection of anomalous temperature meanwhile an industrial hot stamping process take part. In addition, the analysis performed can help productivity and quality assurance while leading towards a smarter and more efficient manufacturing scenario.
Constitutive characterization of an 1800 MPa press hardening steel under hot stamping conditions
Authors: Lu S , DiCecco S , Worswick M , Chiriac C , Luckey G , Tjong J , Boettger J , Shi C
Published: June 2021

High temperature isothermal tensile tests were performed on an aluminized 1800 MPa press hardening steel with a Gleeble thermal-mechanical test system. A procedure was developed to enable the use of digital image correlation (DIC) analysis of the tensile specimens. Flow curves ranging from 500°C - 900°C with strain rates ranging from 0.01 s−1 – 1 s−1 were obtained. To validate this DIC procedure, flow curves for the more common PHS1500 (22MnB5) steel were also obtained in an identical manner and compared to results found in the existing literature. The resultant flow curves were then post-processed and fit to a thermal-viscoplastic constitutive equation for numerical simulation implementation. Finally, a finite element model of the tensile test was created to evaluate the accuracy of the constitutive results.
Increasing the energy absorption of monolithic manganese boron steels in oxygen-free environment
Authors: Behrens Bernd-Arno , Hübner Sven , Holländer Ulrich , Langohr André , Pfeffer Chris , Albracht Lorenz
Published: June 2021

The heat-treatable steel 22MnB5 is used in hot stamping processes to produce high-strength body-in-white components. In this process, sheet blanks are conventionally heated in roller hearth furnaces and then hot-stamped, whereby strengths of 1,500 MPa can be achieved. Disadvantages of this process are the low plastic deformation of the material in hardened state and the poor energy efficiency of roller hearth furnaces. In a new approach, these disadvantages are eliminated by combining edge decarburisation with resistance heating. Due to a diffusion-controlled removal of the carbon in the edge layer of the blanks heated in an oxygen-free atmosphere, the energy absorption in bending tests was improved by 61 % compared to customary hot-stamped 22MnB5. Furthermore, with a subsequent resistance heating in an oxygen-free silane atmosphere, the sheet can be heated and coated. A hermetically sealed heating chamber was developed which allows to heat the blanks up to 950 °C without scale formation. The coating during heating further improves the corrosion properties of the component. With this approach, hot-stamped components with improved properties and coated in an energy-efficient resistance-heated process can be manufactured.