bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phishing Defense: A Machine Learning System and its Impact at Workplace
Authors: Poddar Aman
Published: November 2024

The usage of the internet and improvement in technologies have resulted in recent forms of cybercrimes that mostly affect organizations. Most common among these is phishing, a process wherein fraudsters attack through emails and websites to extract sensitive information from users. Here, we present a simple-to-use method of phishing URL detection for workplace security. Our approach includes the training of two different machine learning models, namely MultiPerceptron and RandomForest, on a dataset consisting of known phishing and legitimate URLs for the correct classification of any phishing attempts. We have designed a Chrome extension using Flask, which enables users to input the URLs and check the safety of those URLs in real time, thus enhancing daily workplace security. If a URL is unsafe, this extension will prompt the user, aiding informed decision-making. Our models achieved very impressive accuracy of 94.2% across a variety of performance metrics and were able to detect all tested phishing URLs that were specifically attacking workplace environments. This detection approach is promising for cybercrime in professional settings since this will help protect employees from phishing attacks and secure sensitive corporate information. Moreover, this might be extended into a general workplace cybersecurity solution by integrating defenses against malware and ransomware.Keywords: Multi-Layer Perceptron, Random Forest, Python, Flask, JavaScript, workplace security, phishing detection, organizational cybersecurity
Associations between aberrant salience and hoarding severity in a non-clinical sample.
Authors: Rivers Hollie , Collins Caitriona Lily , Neave Nicholas , Smailes David
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Aberrant salience has been extensively studied in relation to various psychopathologies, such as psychosis. However, its role in hoarding is yet to be explored, despite evidence of associations between the development of hoarding and dysregulation in dopaminergic systems. Thus, the aim of this pre-registered study was to examine associations between self-reported experiences of aberrant salience and hoarding severity in a non-clinical sample.Methods: A correlational, cross-sectional design was employed. We presented an online survey to 214 adults (Mean age = 25.47, SD = 6.55), where they completed the negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI), and the Savings Inventory-Revised (SI-R). Results: ASI scores were significantly positively correlated with SI-R scores (r = 0.35, p < .001). In a regression analysis, ASI scores were also found to be a significant predictor of SI-R scores, independent of demographic factors and mood.Conclusions: This study serves as the first evidence of an association between aberrant salience and hoarding. Replication of these findings in a clinical sample could have significant implications for therapeutic interventions for hoarding. Open materials and open data are available at doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/zr9wy.
Industrial scale production of Recombinant Insulin (Humulin) to combat Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)
Authors: Murali Vishal
Published: November 2024

Type 1 diabetes is a common disease which affects people right from their childhood. The main cause of type-1 diabetes is the deficiency of insulin which is produced by ‘beta’ cells in the body. With destruction of ‘beta’ cells, the production of insulin which regulates the blood sugar levels in the body from the pancreas is halted which results in imbalance of blood sugar levels in the body.
In the past, diabetes, both types 1 and 2 were treated using bovine and porcine insulins or a mixture of them by extracting them directly from their respective sources and purifying them [1]. In recent times, with the rise in recombinant technology and the rise in biopharmaceutical engineering, recombinant insulin has seen a rise in market due to rise in ethical issues concerning using insulin or biopharmaceuticals produced from other life forms, mainly animals.
This design report focuses on the production of recombinant insulin using E. Coli as the host and meeting the demand of a growing and emerging market in the world. The unit operations along with the material balances to describe the scale are described in detail to justify the requirements of the demand with a focussed purity of greater than 99%. Several possible suggestions and expansions are also described later in the report which can come to aid in the growing market with a possibility of using microbubble intensified bioprocessing in the process line and good manufacturing practices (GMP).
Additive-manufactured topology-optimized heat sinks for enhancing thermoelectric generator conversion efficiency
Authors: Park Junyoung , Hyun Yu  , Ki Mun Bang  , Woochul Kim  , Hyungyu Jin
Published: November 2024

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are gaining great attention as a promising technology for waste heat recovery due to their ability to directly convert heat into electricity. However, their relatively low conversion efficiency limits widespread adoption. While efficient thermal management of TEGs is crucial to achieve high conversion efficiencies, less attention has been paid to this aspect thus far compared to materials development. Efficient TEGs require efficient heat dissipation on the cold side of TEGs, demanding careful heat sink design. In this study, a topology optimization model was developed to design air-cooled heat sinks specifically for TEG applications, incorporating both thermoelectric properties and geometric structure of TEGs. The optimized heat sink was fabricated using additive manufacturing, and its performance was experimentally validated. Compared to a conventional rectangular fin heat sink, the topology optimized (TO) heat sink significantly reduced thermal resistance across a wide range of pressure drops (6 Pa to 30 Pa), achieving a 33.5% reduction at a 12 Pa pressure drop. This led to a 44.7% increase in the output power of a commercial TEG. Despite a ~40% increase in power consumption, the TO heat sink resulted in a 21.3% improvement in conversion efficiency. This improvement is equivalent to a 27% increase in the device thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT). Numerical simulations revealed that the TO heat sink can enhance temperature uniformity on the cold side of the TEG, further contributing to performance gains. These findings highlight the effectiveness of heat sink topology optimization in enhancing conversion efficiency of TEGs.
The importance of external features for categorizing ethnicity: Can Koreans identify Korean, Japanese, and Chinese faces?
Authors: Malak Cansu , Wallraven Christian
Published: November 2024

To what degree is it possible to recognize a person’s ethnicity just from their face? What information do you need to do so? Here, we present the first investigation addressing these questions, and in particular the role of internal and external facial features for fine-grained ethnicity categorization among closely related East Asian ethnicities. Specifically, we tested the ability of N=105 Korean participants to categorize male faces into Korean, Japanese, or Chinese ethnicities - a categorization that according to participants’ own introspective opinion should be easily doable for them. Participants were split into two groups: one group (N=53) was shown cropped, grayscale images showing solely internal facial features, and the other (N=52) was shown faces including external features, including hair and full face outline. Our findings indicate categorization based on internal features only was barely above chance level, whereas external features resulted in more reliable above-chance performance - albeit at a low overall level of around 52%. Our study emphasizes the importance of external features in the accurate categorization of ethnic backgrounds, and establishes an overall low ability of Koreans to reliably distinguish between East Asian ethnicities.
Preserving prosody in temporal distortions of speech
Authors: Beith Alistair , Barr Dale , Smith Rachel
Published: November 2024

Temporal properties, such as duration, rate, and rhythm, are crucial aspects influencing the perception and production of speech. To study how these properties affect speech processing, researchers can create retimed experimental stimuli with varying temporal patterns. However, retiming speech also poses significant challenges, such as preserving naturalness, intelligibility, and prosody.In this chapter, we present three methods of altering the acoustic speech signal to achieve a desired rhythmic structure. Each method differs in how it adjusts the timing of the utterance and its segments. The methods are used to create stimuli with regular isochronous stress. We evaluate the methods in terms of how much they disrupt the speech signal and how effective they are in achieving isochrony.Finally, we demonstrate how retiming can be used to produce stimuli with more naturalistic rhythmic characteristics. We show that retiming can be a powerful tool for exploring perceptual effects of timing in speech.
Psychedelics' Uncertain Risks: A Reply to Myran et al.
Authors: Dourron Haley , Bradley Melissa , Hendricks Peter
Published: November 2024

Myran et al. report that emergency room (ER) visits involving hallucinogens are associated with a 21.32 greater risk of being diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD).1 Although implications for the development of psychedelics as medicines are discussed, we highlight some important distinctions.
Independently testing prosocial interventions: Methods and recommendations from 31 researchers
Authors: Grüning David Joachim , Kamin Julia , Saltz Emily , Acosta Tin , DiFranzo Dominic , Goldberg Beth , Leavitt Alex , Menczer Filippo , Musgrave Tyler , Wang Yixue , Wojcieszak Magdalena
Published: November 2024

There is a growing need for independent, ecologically valid research on prosocial design interventions within online platforms. Platform design has a significant impact on user interactions, yet independent researchers often lack access to live platforms, limiting the ecological validity of studies that test the effectiveness of prosocial interventions. In response, thirty-one experts from academia, industry, and civil society gathered for a workshop focused on understanding methods that enable effective research on design interventions that result in prosocial outcomes, such as healthy interactions and individual safety, wellbeing, and dignity. This paper synthesizes the workshop findings to guide researchers and practitioners in advancing prosocial design and to provide stakeholders—platforms, advocacy groups, and regulators—with evidence-based tools to promote healthy online behavior. First, we present an in-depth review of the dominant research methods in the field as identified in the workshop. Second, we highlight challenges that workshop participants agreed were most prominent, such as the constant 'reinvention of the wheel' for intervention testing, and recommend how to deal with them. Finally, we propose specific future actions to address challenges in the areas of knowledge sharing, events, and supporting infrastructure that experts consider most worth pursuing, laying out an agenda for future online prosocial research and investment.
Incentivising small-scale investors to supply affordable private rental housing
Authors: Vij Akshay , Sharam Andrea , Baako Kingsley , Ardeshiri Ali , Faulkner Debbie , Washington Lynette , Reddy Wejandra , Lowies Braam
Published: November 2024

This AHURI research examines how governments can encourage small-scale private investors to provide affordable rental housing. It finds that landlords who follow the positively geared, long-term hold investment (LTHI) model are most likely to be part of affordable housing schemes.The LTHI landlords invest on the basis of positive cashflow earning reliable rental income. In general, they purchase cheaper housing in lower value locations and seek to own their investment property outright by retirement. LTHIs landlords can provide a source of affordable rental housing, but do not tend to lead the creation of new stock.The landlords will participate in affordable housing schemes that maximise the potential for a positive cashflow, and not those based on financial schemes such as negative gearing and capital gains tax concessions. It is important to index rental increases to market rates so that investors who lock-in to long-term schemes are not disincentivised.Focus groups with small-scale landlords who lease their properties to social housing providers (SHPs) found the landlords were unanimous in their support for headlease programs. The advantages for landlords included:- guaranteed rental payments provided cashflow security—such rental guarantees made investors 12 per cent more likely to participate in a scheme- no loss of rent due to vacancy and no need to advertise for new tenants- guaranteed make-good provisions gave confidence that the property would be returned in original condition- reduced administration demands provided peace of mind and a ‘hands free’ approach.
Strategie innovative per la logistica: il valore del kitting e assembly nel settore idrotermosanitario
Authors: Leogrande Angelo
Published: November 2024

L'articolo esplora l'importanza strategica dell'implementazione dei servizi di kitting e assembly per affrontare problematiche di assegnazione delle risorse in un magazzino operante nel settore idrotermosanitario. Si concentra sulla crescente complessità delle operazioni logistiche in un contesto caratterizzato da una domanda sempre più personalizzata e dalla necessità di garantire tempi di consegna rapidi. Attraverso un'analisi approfondita, il lavoro evidenzia come il kitting e l'assembly siano strumenti fondamentali per ottimizzare i flussi operativi, migliorare l'efficienza e soddisfare le aspettative dei clienti. Il kitting viene descritto come il processo di raggruppamento di componenti per assemblaggi specifici, contribuendo alla riduzione dei tempi operativi e minimizzando gli errori umani. L'assembly, d'altro canto, completa il ciclo producendo kit semi-finiti o finiti, pronti per la distribuzione. L'articolo analizza il valore di questa integrazione, mostrando come essa migliori la gestione degli spazi e la tracciabilità dei materiali, oltre a fornire un vantaggio competitivo. La ricerca adotta un approccio olistico, prendendo in esame sia gli aspetti tecnologici, come l’uso di software di gestione logistico avanzato, sia quelli collaborativi, evidenziando l'importanza del coordinamento tra risorse umane e materiali. Inoltre, include casi studio dettagliati che dimostrano i benefici tangibili delle soluzioni implementate, come la riduzione degli errori, l’aumento dell’efficienza e un impatto positivo sulla sostenibilità. Questo lavoro rappresenta un contributo significativo per le aziende che intendono migliorare la gestione logistica, con un focus su innovazione e ottimizzazione dei processi.
Polarisation and Homophily: Experiments with a Contagion-Repulsion Combination Opinion Dynamics Model
Authors: Sen Shivam
Published: November 2024

To address social concerns that online personalisation algorithms increase polarisation, scholars have studied two distinct classes of agent based models of opinion dynamics constructed to explain polarisation: contagion/reinforcement class and repulsion class. It has been rigorously demonstrated that these classes make contrasting predictions on the relationship between polarisation and homophily (thought to be a consequence of online personalisation algorithms). However, consequences of a model that combines contagion and repulsion on the relationship between homophily and polarisation has not been rigorously studied. Thus, this paper proposes a theoretical foundation for such a model and extends an existing contagion class attitude dynamics model into a contagion-repulsion combination model. This results in a novel equation of attitude change which positions the combination model as a generalisation of several other opinion dynamics models. Subsequently, simulation experiments test implications of this model on the relationship between homophily and polarisation. Results show different parameter combinations produce several qualitatively different forms of the relationship, ranging from increasing, decreasing, U-shaped or even flat. This suggests the relationship between polarisation and homophily is sensitive to context and may be issue dependent.
Abandoned land as an object of scientific and empirical interest
Authors:   Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mordkovich V.G.
Published: November 2024

The article provides a brief overview of abandoned lands, their role in agriculture and ecology, and introduces issue No.3, 2024, of the Journal of Soils and Environment, devoted to the topic of abandoned lands.
Wood anatomical features of Juniperus squamata Buch.-Ham. ex. D. Don from high mountains of Trans-Himalayan Zone of central Nepal
Authors: Chalise Pratikshya , Tiwari Achyut
Published: November 2024

Wood anatomical characters were investigated for Juniperus squamata Buch.-Ham. ex. D. Don from high mountains of Trans-Himalayan Zone of Manang District of Central Nepal. We studied the anatomical features and the inter-relationship between the anatomical parameters of Himalayan Juniper from 30 different wood samples collected at 4600 m above the mean sea level (msl). Wood samples were boiled at 100ºC in oven, and sectioning was done using the KD-3390 Semi-automatic Microtome. The sections were then dehydrated in alcohol stained with 1% Safranin and fast green solutions, and permanent slides were prepared and observed under microscope. J. squamata is a softwood species and is characterized by the presence of distinct narrow annual growth rings with gradual to abrupt transition from earlywood to latewood. Both earlywood and latewood tracheids comprising square to polygonal cells, circular bordered pits and few resin cells arranged in loose tangential bands. The rays were found to be exclusively uniseriate and homogenous; most of the ray cells contained prismatic crystals while cupressoid pits were present in the ray cells.The annual-ring-width showed a positive correlation with both the earlywood and latewood width but a negative correlation with tracheids length. In softwood species like Junipers, tracheid length is an important characteristic, not only for wood and fiber quality, but also for the tree's hydraulic architecture. Furthermore, this is also coupled with the acclimatization of the species in harsh climatic condition of the arid trans-Himalayan region. Dwarf individuals with reduced growth ring dimensions and increased tracheid length ensure effective water transportation towards the shoot system. Therefore, this intra-specific variation in wood anatomical features of J.squamata is due to variation in micro-habitat types.
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Nepal’s Participation in Multilateral Environmental Agreements
Authors: Pokharel Kiran Kumar , KC Rajendra
Published: November 2024

Not available
Eligibility and Its Assessment in the Small Farmers Programme
Authors: Adhikary Ganesh M S
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Foreign Investment and Technology: The Nepalese Experience
Authors: Arya Ramesh C.
Published: November 2024

Not available.
Privatization on Nepalese Context
Authors: Dhungel Ishwor
Published: November 2024

Not available.
Application of Economics in Environmentally Sustainable Development: Reference to Asia and the Pacific Region
Authors: Sharma Sharad K.
Published: November 2024

Not available.
Twenty Years of Women in Development in Nepal: An Overview
Authors: Acharya Meena
Published: November 2024

Not available.
Impact of Foreign Trade on Real Gross Domestic Product in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Bhim Kumar
Published: November 2024

This research uses yearly time series data from 1975 to 2023 to examine how international trade affects Nepal’s Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP). The link between import, export and real GDP was investigated in this study using a descriptive and analytical research technique. The Augmented Dickey- Fuller (ADF) stationarity test evaluates data time series features. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to examine the relationships and measure the impacts. Strong positive relationships between RGDP and import (0.946) and export (0.921) were shown by the correlation study. According to the regression study, import and export both significantly boost RGDP; import has a coefficient of 9.55 while export has a coefficient of 0.50. Approximately 92% of the variance in RGDP can be explained by the regression model, according to the high R-squared value of 0.92. All things considered, the results demonstrate how much international commerce has impacted Nepal’s economic growth.
Compliance with Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation among Postpartum Women in Godawari Municipality of Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Acharya Krishna Prasad , Aryal Arjun , Paudel Rajan , Poudyal Amod Kumar , Shrestha Ava
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent global health issue among pregnant women in developing countries. Increased iron demands during pregnancy, often coupled with low dietary intake, contribute to a high prevalence of IDA. This can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends routine iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation for pregnant women. In Nepal, the government has implemented the National Nutritional Program, which includes the free distribution of IFA tablets to pregnant and postpartum women through health institutions.
Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study assessed IFA compliance among postpartum women in Godawari Municipality, Lalitpur, Nepal. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews with 250 postpartum women residing in Godawari Municipality within six months postpartum. Multistage sampling was used to select participants from five out of the 14 wards. Data were entered into EpiData software version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: The study found that 69% of the participants reported compliance with IFA supplementation. Anemia during pregnancy was reported by 47.4% of the participants. Factors associated with IFA compliance included age, ethnicity, marital status, education level of both the woman and her husband, and the husband’s occupation. Religion, family type, and the woman’s occupation were not significantly associated with IFA compliance. Side effects were the primary reason for non-compliance with IFA supplementation.
Conclusion: The compliance rate of 69% with IFA supplementation among postpartum women in Godawari Municipality is encouraging. However, the high prevalence of anemia (47.4%) highlights the need for continued efforts to address IDA. Targeted interventions should focus on improving IFA compliance, particularly among younger women, those with lower education levels, and those whose husbands have lower education levels or occupations. Strengthening maternal health services and providing comprehensive counseling and support on IFA supplementation are crucial. Engaging families in promoting maternal health can also contribute to improved IFA compliance and reduced anemia.
The Interplay of Poverty and Literacy: A Case Study of a Woman in Rural Nepal
Authors: Pandey Shiv Ram
Published: November 2024

This article presents on the interplay of poverty and literacy: A case study of a woman in rural Nepal. It follows a qualitative research method and case study design to receive data from a single sample population. The participant was selected purposively. The main purpose of this study was to explore how poverty and literacy have brought metamorphosis in the life of a participant of this study. The site of the study is Palungtar Municipality, 9, Mirkot, Gorkha. Interview and observation were used as tools of the study to obtain data from the participant. Honesty and confidentiality were duly followed during data collection process. Data were analyzed inductively. The study revealed that literacy created awareness and consciousness in the life of a participant. Literacy is the symbol of gradual development for survival and political and social involvement in her life. Literacy teaches her to be independent and it gives rise to her personal growth. It gives influence on involvement, power and position. More importantly, literacy provides her freedom. The study explored that poverty is the hindrance to progress and it teaches her to do struggle and to make progress in her life.
Review of 'The Diary of a Young Girl: The Definitive Edition': Implications of War on Young People in the 21st Century
Authors: Aryal Arnav
Published: November 2024

Anne Frank's 'The Diary of a Young Girl: The Definitive Edition' serves as a poignant reflection on the experiences of young people during World War II and offers insights into trauma and resilience among youth in contemporary war-affected regions. The diary provides a firsthand account of the Holocaust, capturing the fear, uncertainty, and emotional turmoil experienced by Jews in hiding during the war. Anne's unwavering hope and determination shine through, offering a beacon of light amidst the darkness. This is a key theme that resonates with the ongoing experiences of young people in war-affected regions even today. Anne Frank's story, though unique in its context, provides a lens through which to understand the enduring trauma and remarkable resilience of young people who endure the horrors of war. The diary highlights the profound psychological impact of war on young people, including the trauma of violence, displacement, and loss, as well as the disruption of education, socialization, and development. Anne's story also exemplifies the resilience of the human spirit, as she maintains hope, optimism, and belief in the goodness of humanity despite the horrors of war. Anne Frank's diary is a call to remember the victims of war and to work tirelessly to prevent future atrocities. It is a call to build a world where young people can grow up free from fear, violence, and oppression. We must answer this call with courage, compassion, and an unwavering commitment to creating a better future for all.
Review of 'Preparing for Surgery: A Pocket Guide with Insights from an Anesthesia Provider to Help Prepare for Surgery with Confidence' and its Implications in Public Health
Authors: Acharya Krishna Prasad , Shrestha Ava
Published: November 2024

"Preparing for Surgery: A Pocket Guide with Insights from an Anesthesia Provider to Help Prepare for Surgery with Confidence" by Dana Adams (2024) is a concise and accessible resource designed to guide readers through the complexities of surgical preparation. The book demystifies the surgical process, addressing common anxieties and questions related to anesthesia and pre- and post-operative care. It emphasizes patient education and advocacy, empowering readers to actively participate in their surgical journey. Beyond its direct relevance to surgery, the book carries implications for public health by promoting patient education and understanding of surgical procedures. This can contribute to reduced anxiety, improved compliance with pre- and post-operative instructions, and better surgical outcomes. The book also fosters stronger patient-provider relationships, increasing trust and satisfaction with healthcare services. With its clear explanations and practical advice, this book serves as an informative companion for patients, students, and practitioners alike, ultimately contributing to a more informed and positive surgical experience.
Crisis of Spirituality in The Waste Land of T. S. Eliot
Authors: Sharma Til Kumari
Published: November 2024

The article has tried to depict the spiritual loss in 20th century through the poem The Waste Land. Eliot seems very popular feature of the modern time. He was born in 1888 in America and died in 1965 in England. He is recognized as an American-English author of 20th century. His life had been nourished with many ups and downs of war time. He also had got complexities and tension in his life time. He left his nation for his survival. He has shown the crisis of modern time with his poem in which spiritual value is empty in everybody. Eliot’s life comes with lone struggle. His verse has mirrored the culture as it is. It has depicted fashion, death, destruction, passion, sex-oriented love and kind less human heart. The inhumanity was big amount in modern time. No true heart was found there. The fashionable world with poor society had lost the dignity. The true love was nowhere. So the spiritual crisis seemed to appear everywhere. Modern period was ill by battlefield and lust. The people of society were not with kind heart and calmness. The time was born only with materialistic thought. As a result, the spirituality was in mist. This verse was composed by Eliot to show the crisis of spiritual world. So, crisis of inhumanity seemed in war time everywhere. The society seemed motionless. The life was in materialistic modern period.
बाटो कथामा संयोजन A combination of path stories
Authors: अधिकारी अनिल , रेग्मी रेखा , भट्टराई खगेश्वर , कार्की बेनुबहादुर
Published: November 2024

Available with full text.
Mental Health in Nepal: A Comprehensive Overview of the Situation, Interventions, and Way Forward
Authors: Ghimire Amrita , Kandel Shirsa , Subedi Sunita
Published: November 2024

No abstract available.
Mullerian Anomalies and Reproductive Performance among Infertile Women in Nepal
Authors: Pandey Karisma , Giri Mahendra , Rijal Bhola , Shahi Arun
Published: November 2024

Introduction: On average, one in five couples struggle with infertility, which is one of the biggest public health issues in the world. A congenital abnormality is too common for uterine abnormalities. Female children grow two distinct uteri during the time they develop inside the womb, which melds together before birth. Studying Mullerian abnormalities and reproductive performance in Nepalese infertile women was one of the study goals.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate Mullerian duct anomaly among infertile women. The study was conducted on infertile women who were receiving services from the infertility clinic of the Hospital for Advanced Medicine and Surgery [HAMS], Kathmandu, Nepal, during the year 2019–2020 AD. The study population included reproductive-aged women [aged 18–40 years] who had primary and secondary infertility. A hospital patient registry book was used to obtain the relevant information for the purpose of the study. An approval was obtained from the hosting hospital to proceed with the study. The "ASRM Mullerian Anomalies Classification 2021" was adopted for the classification of anomalies among women.
Results: A total of 300 participants were included, among whom 61% [n = 183] had primary infertility and 39% [n = 117] had secondary infertility. The study revealed that 4.67% [n = 14] of pregnancies ended in miscarriage, 16.33% [n = 49] in preterm labor, 50.66% [n = 152] in normal spontaneous delivery [NSD], 27.67% [n = 83] in lower segment cesarean section [LSCS], and 0.7% [n = 2] in intrauterine fetal death [IUFD]. The current study attempted to identify the following methods of achieving pregnancy: spontaneous ovulation, 15% [n = 45]; ovulation induction, 54% [n = 162]; intrauterine insemination, 15% [n = 47]; IVF/ICSI, 14% [n = 42]; and not conceiving, 1.3% [n = 4].
Conclusions: The present study showed that primary infertility affected 61% [n = 183] of participants, whereas secondary infertility affected 39% [n = 117]. A complete picture of Mullerian abnormalities cannot be drawn from the few studies available here; therefore, well-designed prospective studies are needed. Despite the fact that infertility has a medical basis, infertile women are nonetheless victims of all aspects of their social and personal lives in contemporary society in Nepal. To change the KAP among people in Nepal regarding infertility, BCC must be addressed.
Claudin 5 (CLDN5) gene polymorphism in Leukoaraiosis in a South Korea Population
Authors: Yadav Binod Kumar , Yadav Renu , Shin Byoung-Soo
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Claudin-5(CLDN-5) is one of the principal proteins predominantly expressed at blood-brain barrier (BBB) and plays an important role in tight junction (TJ) formation and maintaining the integrity of BBB. Thus, this study was designed to study the association of polymorphism rs1548359, rs10314, and rs739371 at CLDN-5 gene and leukoaraiosis in the Korean population.
Materials and Methods: A real-time PCR, a LightSNiP typing assay (coupled with primer and probe, TIB-MolBiol, Berlin, Roche Applied Science, Germany) was used to detect the genotypes of CLDN-5. Logistic regression analyses and stratification analyses with adjustment for traditional risk factors (age, sex, diabetes and hypertension) were used to find the genetic effect.
Results: We did not find any significant association for overall leukoaraiosis or any subtype analyses. Analyses of both leukoaraiosis subtypes (PVWM and DWM) did not show any significant associations (p = 0.29-0.59).
Conclusions: CLDN-5 polymorphisms may not play a significant role in the development of leukoaraiosis in the studied population. However, further replications in different ethnic groups and larger populations are recommended.
Quality of Life among Patients with and without COVID-19 Attending Health Care Facilities at Janakpurdham Sub-metropolitan: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shah Lata Kusum , Jewas Nelson
Published: November 2024

Introduction: QoL is an assessment of how the individual health is affected over time by a disease, disability or disorder. COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus started from 2019 at Wuhan, China and spread all over the world including Nepal on 23 January after which lockdown was announced by Government of Nepal. Every disease has their unique way to affect QoL. The objectives of this study were to assess the quality of life among patient with and without COVID-19 and find the association of QoL score along with patient demographic variables.
Materials and Methods: A quantitative retrospective cohort study was adopted and total 200 participants were selected through purposive sampling technique where 100/100 were patient without COVID-19 and with COVID-19. All the patients were selected from the hospitals of Madhesh Province. The data were gathered by using SF-36 Scale and then data were analyzed and interpreted.
Results: The result revealed that in patient without COVID-19 more than one third 84% of patients were having moderate level of QoL and only 3% were having good level of QoL. Where as in patient with COVID-19 only 8%  were having good level of QoL. Among the patient without covid-19, only age was significantly associated and in the patient with covid-19 presence of medical condition was associated.
Conclusions: The effect of acute disease, chronic disease or any infectious disease has impact on Quality of Life. Thus, all medical facilities need to be aware of it and start using methods that can improve each patient’s quality of life.
Factors Associated with Common Health Problems of the Ageing Population in a Rural Municipality: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Giri Shree Shyam , Giri Mahendra , Jha Lalan , Shah Poonam , Shah Laxmi , Mahto Moni , Jha Nilam Kumari , Kapar Vijay Kumar , Yadav Ramji , Yadav Nawal Kishor
Published: November 2024

Introduction: With increase in life expectancy, gradual rise in number of aging populations is expected in near future. With multiple studies concerned either with younger or sick population, the age group of 40-60 years who are most likely to have change in social roles, exposure to risk factors and increased mental burden are neglected. The study identifies multiple of these health problems and factors associated with the age group and possible recommendations for the concerned authority.
Methods and Materials:  A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Bhangaha Municipality of Mahottari district of Nepal with a sample size of 230 people in the age group of 40-60 years irrespective of gender. Face to face interview using a structured questionnaire was conducted with participant after informed verbal consent was received. The data collected were analyzed through SPSS ver.20. Association between socio-demographic structure and health problems were studied.
Results:  Eye problem (52.6%) was the most common health problem of the participants followed by Gastrointestinal problems (36.1%) and Musculoskeletal problems (31.7%).  Significant association between age and eye problems was found but no such relationship was found between type of food and gastrointestinal problems. Type of family was strongly associated with irritability in the respondents.
Conclusion: With exposure to multiple risk factors in the age group of 40-60 years, multiple health problems are encountered by the age group. Promotion of healthy practices and screening is the need for reduction of these issues.
Community Health Analysis and Evaluation of Bardibash Municipality (Gauridada), Nepal
Authors: Poddar Dharmendra , Khatri Bishna , Pandit Santosh , Kunwar Bipana , Regmi Chudamadi , Lama Dhan Lal , Basnet Manila , Shrestha Prashamsha , Subedi Rajan , Tandukar Biraj , Bhatarai Pratik , Study Group Community Health Diagnosis
Published: November 2024

Introduction: A community is a group of people living in the particular places having common religion, norms and value. It is a social group with geographical boundaries. Community Health Diagnosis (CHD) address the total well-being of a people occupying a particular place, eliminating health related disease. “CHD is a comprehensive assessment of the state of entire community in relation to its economic, social, physical, and biological environment”. It is a process of examining the pattern of disease in the community and describing it in terms of its importance factors mortality, morbidity, and fertility rate. CHD is use to determine the magnitude of community health related problem, fixing the health problem in priority order, running effective health intervention program and exploring the existing resources.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by face-to-face interview among the 290 household of ward 2 of Bardibas Municipality, Mahottari district, Madhesh Province of Nepal, using semi-structured questionnaire with inclusion of community health parameters. The convenient sampling method was used for the study. Verbal informed consent was taken from the respondent as well as the local administrative office before commencing the study. The data was collected in the month of May-June 2017.
Results:   The result showed that the community health status of the study area was satisfactory but still there is huge gap between the needs, services and their utilization. Although maximum children are vaccinated according to expanded programme on immunization, most of the people used latrine for defecation, and almost resident use tap water for drinking.
Conclusions: The various related stakeholders of the community should work efficiently to mitigate the gap between health problems and needs in the community. The health program should be specially planned, implemented and analyzed in the deprived and marginalized area of society to address the disparity in the social, economic and health needs.
The Six A’s: Challenges of Primary Health Care in Federalism in Nepal
Authors: Mahato Anrud Kumar , Dash Mamata , Mehta Manisha Kumari , Chaudhary Nirajan , Joshi Pooja , Sah Bandana , Bogati Mina , Mahato Mina , Joshi Prekshya , Yadav Januka , Bhandari Sirjana , Dulal Bina , Subedi Nilam , Yadav Madhu , Karn Dipesh Kumar , Shrestha Kshitiz , Gautam Saila , Acharya Dilaram , Singh Jitendra Kumar
Published: November 2024

No abstract available.
Perception of Local People towards Ecological Flow in Tamakoshi River Basin, Bagmati Province, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Uttam Sagar
Published: November 2024

The perception of people living nearby river flow differs from the people, particularly, the policy makers, who live far away from the river. The river basins are natural corridors which are increasingly in pressure from development activities, especially hydropower in Mountain region. It’s very difficult to know about idea of local people toward the use of flow regime in the basin area. The existing knowledge on the use of flow regime is difficult to understand and few studies have been done on the interaction between river flow and adjoining settlements. The aim of this paper is to assess perception of local people towards ecological flow (e-flow) and overall flow diversion based on FGD. In such state, spatial understanding of these activities isuseful for planning and understanding its interaction. The researcher had not found any changes in the issues for the last one decade spatially and temporarily. The present study was conducted in the Tamakoshi River Basin during 2014 and 2015. It concludes that there is strong relationship between use of flow water and riparian settlement with fishing, graveling, sand extracting, which contribute to ecological condition and share expectation. The expectation of obtaining hydropower shares (IPO) is increasing but majority of them are unaware about long term ecological disruption. If this trend continues along the river basin, many of the settlements from the upper part to middle part will expect IPO shares. The interaction with people highlights major opinion that the flow disruption is good for the power production, but long run impact must be taken into consideration and this article will make a valuable suggestion towards policy level.
Penyesuaian Akademik Mahasiswa: Peran Orientasi Tujuan dan Optimisme
Authors: Sabrina Rachmatiana  , Diah Rahayu  , Nanik Handayani
Published: November 2024

Seiring bertambahnya usia, mahasiswa diharapkan dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan perguruan tinggi melalui pencapaian akademik mereka, tetapi banyak mahasiswa yang tidak melakukannya dan malah merasa tertekan oleh tuntutan yang mereka hadapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji peran orientasi tujuan dan optimisme terhadap penyesuaian akademik, menggunakan metode kuantitatif regresi berganda. Sampel terdiri dari 63 mahasiswa Universitas X Samarinda. peneliti menggunakan teknik simple random sampling untuk mengambil data. Skala yang terpakai, penyesuaian akademik yang terdiri dari 31 aitem valid dengan nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0,886, skala orientasi tujuan yang memiliki 28 aitem valid dengan nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0,707, dan skala optimisme yang terdiri dari 21 aitem valid dengan nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0,772. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari orientasi tujuan dan optimisme terhadap penyesuaian akademik, dengan keterlibatan pengaruh sebesar 15%. Implikasi praktisnya adalah orientasi tujuan tidak begitu berpengaruh terhadap penyesuaian akademik mahasiswa, tetapi optimisme memiliki peran besar dalam proses penyesuaian akademik.
Kata Kunci: penyesuaian akademik, orientasi tujuan, optimisme
NEW FINDS OF THE LYNGBY-TYPE TANGED POINTS IN THE INTERFLUVE OF THE MIDDLE VISTULA, BUG, AND LOWER SAN RIVERS
Authors: Libera Jerzy
Published: November 2024

In the interfluve of the middle Vistula and Bug rivers, as well as around the lower San, among various types of Late Palaeolithic tanged points, a dozen or so specimens stand out morphologically referencing the Lyngby-type. Among these, more than half are specimens of considerable size – with lengths in the range of 70–110 and widths of 17–42 mm. The weight of the largest specimens is in the range of 28–36 g. They are mostly stray finds, also with an unclear cultural context, made of local flint raw materials (Świeciechów, Rejowiec, Mielnik types), in a few cases perhaps made of Volhynian flint. Regardless of whether we consider them as manifestations of influences /links with the Lyngby culture (= Bromme; = Bromme-Lyngby; = Bromme-Segebro), they undoubtedly belong to unconventional forms among the Tanged Points Technocomplex dated from the second half of Alleröd until the first half of Dryas III.
PROFESSOR STEFAN KAROL KOZŁOWSKI – AN EXCEPTIONAL REVIEWER
Authors: Płaza Dominik Kacper
Published: November 2024

When the author was preparing his doctoral dissertation entitled Mesolithic in Kuyavia, Professor Stefan Karol Kozłowski became one of the reviewers. The circumstances under which he became the reviewer, as well as the review itself, appear to be quite extraordinary. Numerous encounters with Professor in the course of writing of the doctoral dissertation, during the public defence, and between 2015 and 2018 were all unique as well. The conciseness and succinct character of the review make it justified to see Professor Stefan Kozłowski as an exceptional reviewer.
The role of CYP2C19*2 variant and other factors in clopidogrel resistance in Montenegrin ACS patients
Authors: Perović Svetlana , Vujović Slavica , Perović Saša , Šćepanović Anđelka
Published: November 2024

Clopidogrel, an antiplatelet drug, has been widely prescribed for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) for over two decades. Despite the fact that the drug proved to be effective in the majority of patients, in some, due to an inadequate response, the recurrence of adverse cardiovascular events represents a significant problem. These interindividual differences in response to clopidogrel may be due to genetic variations, concomitant therapy and associated diseases. The purpose of this study is to examine the association of the CYP2C19*2 loss of function variant, as well as other variables such as demographic characteristics, concomitant diseases and therapy with resistance, i.e. reduced drug efficacy in the Montenegrin cohort. The study included a total of 196 patients diagnosed with ACS who were on clopidogrel therapy. Patients were monitored for a one- year period, after the introduction of therapy, and divided into two groups: effective and ineffective clopidogrel therapy group. Genotyping for the CYP2C19*2 variant was performed using the real-time qPCR method. Our results show that atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with impaired efficacy of clopidogrel in reducing the occurrence of adverse CV events during one year after the diagnosis of ACS (p = 0.040). There was no statistically significant difference between the effective and ineffective therapy group concerning CYP2C19*2 allele and genotype distribution (p = 0.438, p = 0.328) respectively. In conclusion, our findings indicate that AF could be potential non-genetic cause of ineffective clopidogrel therapy in ACS patients.
Praxeological component of the future physical culture teachers’ readiness to the physical education and mass work in the secondary school
Authors: Artyushenko А.
Published: November 2024

The authors state that the significant role of the physical education teacher in the process of educating the younger generation and forming their readiness for healthy lifestyle determines the urgency of the problem of training future physical education teachers for physical education and mass work in the secondary school. The article indicates that the praxeological component is important in the overall structure of the readiness of future physical education teachers for mass physical education activities in the secondary school. However, the results of the conducted research indicate an unsatisfactory state of formation of the praxeological component of the readiness of future teachers of physical education for physical education, mass and recreational activities in the secondary school.