bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tomato progenies selection in Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Marques Maria José , Vizú Juliana de Fátima , da Silva Filho Danilo F , Ticona-Benavente César Augusto
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT This study aimed to select endogamic progenies of tomato cv. Yoshimatsu and to conduct a progeny test in the state of Rondônia. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replicates and eight plants per plot, spacing 1x0.5 m, with one stem. A significant variation was observed among the fifteen progenies for productivity (2.0-5.5 kg plant-1), seed mass with placenta (18-31.5 g fruit-1), number of fruits per plant (18.8-38.7) and soluble solids (3.4-4.2°Brix). No significant variation was noticed for fruit size, pericarp thickness, number of locules, pH, number of flowers and fruit set, though. P6 progeny showed to be the most productive one (110 t ha-1): average fruit mass was 142.5 g, salad type tomato, 7.5 locules, 3.5°Brix, pH 4.2, 60.9 flowers per plant and 64.2% fruit set. Thus, these data show genetic variability of cultivar Yoshimatsu, being possible to obtain lines and/or cultivars with medium to large fruits adapted to the state of Rondônia.
The concept of health in Collective Health: contributions from social and historical critique of scientific production
Authors: Silva Marcelo José de Souza e , Schraiber Lilia Blima , Mota André
Published: April 2019

Abstract This study aimed to understand the concept of health within Collective Health. Our analysis starts from Marxism as a theoretical reference, both to define what is a “concept” and to understand the critical thinking of Collective Health. As empirical research the bibliographic production of the main journals that bring together Collective Health publications as a knowledge area was used, which resulted in 34 papers that somehow treated the concept of health, even if it was not the main object of the study. From this analysis we identified at least three different modalities of definitions, which varied both in the referential basis used to apprehend and analyze empirical realities concerning health, and in the conceptualization of social that could be in this analysis. We have also identified that the papers ranged between a production that was strictly descriptive of these empirical realities and strictly theoretical essays, rather than to produce a concrete (empirical) thought based on the elected definition of social. It was concluded that within Health Collective the concept of health has been taken, in general, either as a notion (a partial approximation of the object) or as a motto, from an ethical-political engagement that ends up relegating the theoretical-conceptual contribution to the background.
Gender: pathways and dialogues between feminist and biomedical studies from the 1950s to 1970s
Authors: Cortez Marina , Gaudenzi Paula , Maksud Ivia
Published: April 2019

Abstract Despite the importance of the concept of gender for feminist studies, its use and meaning in biomedical research on intersexuality during the 1950s has been little problematized in the national feminist literature. This essay aims to map the uses of the term/concept of gender in feminist Anglophone productions in the 1970s and in the field of biomedicine throughout the 1950-70s, in order to understand the paths of the term "gender" and the contexts in which its diverse conceptualizations are produced. We concluded that the term was first used in the biomedical field in the 1950s and that there are important interlocutions between the two fields in the 1960s and 1970s.
Políticas públicas referentes às incapacidades físicas em hanseníase na virada do século: uma década de (des)controle?
Authors: Mantellini Glauca Gonçalves , Gonçalves Aguinaldo , Padovani Carlos Roberto
Published: April 2019

Resumo Objetivos: Focando na década da virada do século, recuperam-se as principais diretivas das políticas públicas setoriais referentes ao controle das incapacidades físicas em hanseníase (IFH). Material e métodos: Procede-se à revisão expositivo-crítica das respectivas normas técnicas a partir das menções às mesmas nos textos oficiais da Organização Mundial da Saúde e do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, publicados de 1995 a 2005. Resultados: Constata-se que as IFH são consideradas em plano secundário, essencialmente em função do tratamento medicamentoso eleito como estratégia prioritária para a luta contra a endemia. Conclusões: Conclui-se que, de equívoco em equívoco, específicos para as IFH e gerais para a doença, frustraram-se até os dias atuais por repetidas vezes, sobretudo em nosso país, expectativas institucionais relativas à eliminação da moléstia.
Práticas de grupo do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família: perspectiva do usuário
Authors: Fernandes Elaine Toledo Pitanga , Souza Melissa Nathielle de Lima , Rodrigues Suely Maria
Published: April 2019

Resumo Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, com o objetivo de conhecer a percepção dos usuários da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) em relação às práticas de grupo desenvolvidas pelo Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF). A amostra foi constituída por 27 indivíduos participantes das atividades de grupo desenvolvidas em cinco ESFs apoiadas por uma equipe do NASF do município estudado. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas conduzidas com base em um roteiro semiestruturado versando sobre os temas: conhecimento das atividades desenvolvidas pelo NASF; características das atividades; benefícios advindos da participação nas atividades de grupo; tempo de participação; periodicidade da atividade; e relação com os profissionais. Os dados foram analisados segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo, de Bardin. A maioria dos entrevistados se mostrou satisfeita com a acessibilidade ao serviço e os resultados advindos da participação nas práticas de grupo, motivados pelos benefícios terapêuticos e sociais. Pode-se concluir que os usuários possuem uma percepção positiva em relação às práticas de grupo oferecidas pelo NASF, destacando os resultados terapêuticos satisfatórios, criação de vínculos afetivos, proporcionando o fortalecimento das relações interpessoais, bem-estar e melhoria na qualidade de vida.
A pedagogia artesã como práxis educativa em culturas populares tradicionais
Authors: Alvares Sonia Carbonell
Published: April 2019

Resumo Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa sobre o patrimônio cultural da cerâmica tradicional e a pedagogia artesã. O principal problema que se buscou enfrentar diz respeito à práxis educativa do ofício cerâmico em uma comunidade tradicional e os modos de ensino e aprendizagem em territórios de trabalho artesanal. O estudo compreendeu uma investigação fenomenológica do dia a dia dessa sociedade, teve por objetivos descortinar e compreender como os conhecimentos da cerâmica são partilhados pelas gerações, as metodologias que contribuem para perpetuar os antigos segredos de ofício, de que modo formas manuais de criação artística convivem com tecnologias contemporâneas. A base etnográfica da pesquisa localiza-se na comunidade tradicional de Maragogipinho, pequeno distrito da cidade de Aratuípe, na Bahia, ambiente genuíno da cerâmica, onde, desde o século XVII, homens e mulheres dedicam-se cotidianamente à produção de objetos de barro. Os dados foram coletados a partir de observação direta, diário de campo, entrevistas gravadas e registros fotográficos entre 2012 e 2015. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam o incomensurável acervo imaterial de conhecimentos individuais e coletivos que coexistem nessa aldeia de mestres, de guardiões da cerâmica. A pedagogia dos mestres-artesãos, ou pedagogia artesã, fundada em valores ancestrais, se efetiva na prática, transcendendo-a para as esferas da ética e da estética, no sentido de alimentar nos sujeitos o senso de pertencimento a um corpo social reconhecido, por meio de um ofício artístico que dialoga constantemente com a tradição e a emergência da modernidade.
O espinosismo é uma forma de educação libertária?
Authors: Oliveira Fernando Bonadia de
Published: April 2019

Resumo O artigo pretende discutir se a filosofia de Bento de Espinosa pode ou não ser estimada como uma forma de educação libertária. Espinosa, pensador do século XVII, colocou a liberdade humana como o grande problema ético e político de sua obra. As pedagogias contemporâneas, tidas como libertárias, emergiram no século XIX e propuseram uma forma de educação que primou pelo cultivo da liberdade da criança e pela liberdade de ensino do professor. A partir do aprofundamento da investigação bibliográfica sobre essa similaridade temática geral entre os libertários e a filosofia espinosana, conclui-se que o espinosismo pode ser entendido como uma forma de educação libertária, na medida em que seus escritos concordam e fundamentam (do ponto de vista filosófico) teses válidas para esse tipo de prática, impulsionado por educadores como Paul Robin, Sébastien Faure, Franscesc Ferrer, entre outros. A argumentação do trabalho leva em conta os respectivos contextos históricos nos quais as teorias em questão foram criadas e envolve, por sua natureza, dimensões históricas e filosóficas da educação.
Surface movement mechanism of abalone and underwater adsorbability of its abdominal foot
Authors: Xi Peng , Cong Qian , Xu Jin , Sun Lin
Published: April 2019

The abalone, a marine mollusk, inhabits fast-flowing rocky reefs. Its predation and crawling abilities strongly depend on the adhesion capacity of its abdominal foot. Here, the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the abalone foot was observed. The foot is divided into four main regions, each having a large number of folds on the surface. The extensional ability of the folds is the source of the abalone’s locomotory power. A high-speed camera was used to photograph the movement of an abalone. It was found that two to three deep-yellow round fold areas appear and disappear periodically on the surface of the foot. The folds move forward with the movement of the abalone. This results in a crawling motion that ensures efficiency of movement and adaptability of the wide abdominal foot to adsorptive surfaces. According to underwater tensile testing of an abalone, the adhesion force of the foot is composed of suction force, capillary force, friction and an interlocking structure. Among them, suction force is the most important component of the adhesion force, and the other factors play an auxiliary and reinforcing role. The strong adhesivity and adhesion-based crawling motion of the abalone may inspire new design ideas and mechanisms for underwater suckers.
Editorial: 20th Biennial BDS Conference 2018 – Binnie Lecture: the role of inspection and monitoring in risk and asset management
Authors: Cambridge Mike
Published: April 2019

My civil engineering career has been bookended by significant embankment dam and mine waste facility failures which have had severe consequences both for life and for the environment. Such dam incidents have driven my approach to design and construction over the last fifty years, and have influenced UK legislation as enacted in the aftermath of Aberfan in 1966, and European Directives following the tailings dam failures in Spain and Romania around 2000. This paper reflects on the impact of these dam failures and legislative changes, and demonstrates the absolute need to address risk and consequence, whether for a 1000 m3 silt lagoon or a 1 000 000 m3 water supply reservoir, regardless of the regulatory environment. The engineering approach to the reservoirs described, both mining- and water-related, has been determined by the need to develop a risk assessment and mitigation strategy in the form of a detailed risk register. Such a register is applicable throughout all stages of design and construction, enabling competent engineering of the structure and assisting third-party scrutiny and verification. It is concluded that a comprehensive independent inspection and monitoring system is essential in order to verify compliance with design function, construction specification and operating rules.
A large-deformation random finite-element study: failure mechanism and bearing capacity of spudcan in a spatially varying clayey seabed
Authors: Yi Jiang Tao , Huang Li Ying , Li Dian Qing , Liu Yong
Published: April 2019

Although the random heterogeneity of a clayey seabed has been long recognised, it is relatively recently that the influence of spatial variability on the spudcan foundation has been explicitly explored by random finite-element analyses. Owing to technical and computational challenges, these are still limited to the small-strain Lagrangian finite-element calculation with the ‘wished-in-place’ assumption, which is a departure from the reality. Attempts were successfully made in this research to combine the large-deformation finite-element calculation with random field theory in a Monte Carlo simulation framework. The continuous penetration of a spudcan in a clayey seabed was modelled through the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian finite-element calculation with simultaneous consideration of the strain-softening effect and linearly increasing strength with depth. The results suggest that the randomness of soil strength can obviously alter the flow pattern and failure mechanism of soil, and in turn affects the bearing capacity of the spudcan. The log-normal probability distribution function was found to fit the distribution of the bearing capacity factor well. A correlation between the failure probability and the safety factor was established, from which the level of reliability corresponding to different safety factors can be clearly evaluated. Such a correlation may facilitate the further development of reliability-based design.
Performance of the geogrid-reinforced railroad ballast in direct shear mode
Authors: Sweta Kumari , Hussaini Syed Khaja Karimullah
Published: April 2019

A series of large-scale direct shear tests was conducted to capture the interface shear behaviour of ballast with and without geogrids. A fresh granite ballast with a maximum particle size (Dmax) and average particle size (D50) of 65 and 42 mm, respectively, and five geogrids having different aperture shapes and sizes were used in this study. Laboratory experiments were performed at different applied normal stresses (σn) and rates of shearing (Sr) ranging from 35 to 140 kPa and 2·5 to 10·0 mm/min, respectively. The test results confirmed that the shear strength of the ballast was highly influenced by σnand Sr. The internal friction angle of the ballast (ϕ) was found to decrease from 66·5 to 58° and the dilation angle (ψ) from 25·24 to 8·05° with an increase of σnand Sr. Moreover, sieve analysis of ballast samples after testing revealed that a significant amount of particle breakage occurred during shearing. The breakage of the ballast, evaluated in terms of Marsal's breakage index (Bg), increased from 5·12 to 13·24% with an increase in σnand Sr. However, the inclusion of geogrids was found to have a profound influence on the interface shear strength and reducing the extent of the dilation angle and particle breakage.
Práticas de agroindustrialização e arranjos produtivos locais como estratégia de diversificar e fortalecer a agricultura familiar no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Strate Mirian Fabiane Dickel , Conterato Marcelo Antonio
Published: April 2019

A fragilidade no acesso aos mercados monopolizados, por parte dos agricultores familiares, impulsiona a procura por novos processos e práticas que emergem paralelamente aos grandes impérios alimentares. Neste contexto surgem novos mercados, que coexistem com os circuitos comerciais como as feiras, mercados integrados ao turismo, agroindústrias familiares e os institucionais, criando novos circuitos mercantis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar como os arranjos produtivos locais podem fomentar a diversificação da agricultura familiar, relocalizando a produção de alimentos, através das cadeias curtas, estimulando a heterogeneidade e promovendo o desenvolvimento rural. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir do Arranjo Produtivo Agroindústria familiar, estrutura de governança que impulsiona a instalação, regularização e associativismo de agroindústrias no Vale do Taquari, RS. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise documental e entrevista aos gestores do APL Agroindústria e aos proprietários de agroindústrias integrantes do APL. Como resultado pode-se observar que as Políticas públicas de fomento para a implementação e fortalecimento dos APLs, constituem-se estratégias que podem fortalecer a agricultura familiar, promovendo a construção e o acesso a novos mercados, a criação e o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, promovendo a sucessão rural, diversificando as atividades produtivas, gerando renda, através de novos arranjos sociais e estruturas de governança horizontalizadas.
FARKLI DİZ AÇILARI VE SÜRELERDE YAPTIRILAN STATİK GERMENİN, SIÇRAMA PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNE AKUT ETKİSİ
Authors: İnce Gonca , Yıldırım A. Serhan
Published: April 2019

Statik germenin, vertikal sıçrama
performansına akut etkisinin olumsuz olduğu ile ilgili bilimsel çalışmalar
yapıldıktan sonra, antrenörlerin sporcu ısınma protokollerinde statik germe
egzersizlerini kullanmadıkları görülmüştür. Bu araştırma, farklı diz açıları ve
sürelerde yaptırılan statik germenin, vertikal sıçrama performansı üzerine akut
etkisini tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya, Çukurova Üniversitesi
Spor Kulübü’nde oynayan 19 erkek futbolcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır.
Katılımcıların vertikal sıçramaları, farklı diz açılarında (1500-1300)
ve sürelerde (0sn-15sn-30sn-45sn) uygulanmıştır. Ölçümler, 1500
(birinci gün) ve 1300  (ikinci
gün)diz açısında 4 farklı sürede (0sn-15sn-30sn-45sn) statik germe
ve vertikal sıçrama yaptırılmıştır. Her sıçrama sonrası, germe süresi kadar
dinlenim verilmiştir. Katılımcıların vertikal sıçramaları Takei marka Jump
Meter ile yapılırken, diz açıları baseline marka plastik goniometer (30cm) ile
ölçülmüştür. Verilerin analizinde; SPSS 21 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Verilerin
normal dağılımlarında; Shapiro-Wilk testine bakılmıştır. Sadece 45sn statik
germe değerlerinin normal dağılım göstermediği tespit edilmiştir (p=0,046). Bu
nedenle grup içi; nonparametrik testlerden Wilcoxon Testi ile gruplararası
karşılaştırmalarda ise; Mann Whitney U Testi kullanılmıştır. Normal dağılım
gösteren parametreler için; grupiçi paired t-testi, gruplararası independent
t-testi yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların sadece 1300 lik diz açısında
45sn statik germe sonunda yaptıkları vertikal sıçramanın 0sn deki sıçramadan
daha iyi olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p=0,04). Ancak, aynı diz açısında 15sn
statik germenin ise vertikal sıçramayı negatif etkilediği görülmüştür (p=0,05).
Diğer ölçümler arasında anlamlı bir farklılık çıkmamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç
olarak; sporcu ısınmalarında statik germenin belirli bir diz açısı ve sürede
yapılmasının, vertikal sıçrama performansında olumsuzluk yaratmayabileceği
vurgulanabilir.
The effect of contract-relax-agonist-contract (CRAC) stretch of hamstrings on range of motion, sprint and agility performance in moderately active males: A randomised control trial
Authors: Burgess T , Vadachalam T , Buchholtz K , Jelsma J
Published: April 2019

Background: Although stretching is done routinely to prevent injury during explosive sport activities, there is some concern that effective stretching might negatively impact on performance.
Objectives: This study’s main objective was to investigate the impact of a specific stretch (CRAC), in which the muscle to be stretched, hamstrings, is actively contracted then relaxed. This is then followed by the antagonist muscle (quadriceps) contracting. Secondly, the impact of the stretch on performance was examined.
Methods: A randomised control trial was used. Forty healthy active males between 21 and 35 years of age were assigned to either receive three repetitions of CRAC or rest. Hamstring flexibility and the Illinois Agility Test were the primary outcome measures.
Results: The intervention was effective in improving hamstring flexibility by 37% immediately post-application and this was maintained for eight minutes thereafter. It had no significant effect on agility or sprint times.
Conclusions: CRAC applied to stretch the hamstring muscles of active males resulted in a large increase of active knee extension range of motion, without decreasing performance. CRAC appears to be a safe and effective method of increasing the length of the hamstrings pre-sport activity and should be utilised by sports physiotherapists if deemed necessary and beneficial following initial assessment.
Matematik Öğretmen Adaylarının Ders Planlarının Teknoloji Entegrasyonu Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YİĞİT KOYUNKAYA Melike , TATAROĞLU TAŞDAN Berna
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaöğretim matematik öğretmen adaylarının

teknoloji temelli bir ders sonunda hazırladıkları ders planlarının

değerlendirilmesidir. Bu değerlendirmede Teknolojik

Pedagojik Alan Bilgisi Temelli Teknoloji Entegrasyon Değerlendirme Rubriği kullanılmıştır. Nitel

araştırma paradigması benimsenen çalışmada katılımcılar 40 matematik öğretmen

adayıdır. Çalışmanın verileri, öğretmen adaylarının hazırladıkları ders

planlarından oluşmaktadır. Veriler, doküman analizi yöntemiyle analiz

edilmiştir. Ders planlarının içerikleri incelendiğinde dersleri için en çok 10.

Sınıf seviyesindeki konuları seçtikleri, teknoloji entegrasyonunu en çok akıllı

tahta ve dinamik matematik yazılımları kullanarak yaptıkları görülmüştür.

Değerlendirme rubriğine göre, öğretmen adayları öğretim programındaki teknoloji

kullanım hedefini karşılarken, öğretim stratejilerini/yöntemlerini

öğretimlerine yansıtmada sınırlı kalmışlardır. Ayrıca öğretmen adayları,

program hedefleri ve öğretim stratejileri/yöntemleri ile uyumlu ders planları

geliştirirken, alan, pedagoji ve teknolojinin uyumu konusunda zorluk

çekmişlerdir
A laboratory study of environment and voltage effects on the thermal state of resistive voltage divider
Authors: Gotovkina E.E. , Lebedev V.D. , Parfenov G.I. , Smirnov N.N. , Tyutikov V.V.
Published: April 2019

There are currently no thermal self-diagnostics systems of instrument transformers operating in real time, as opposed to power ones, and thermal inspections are often carried out according to a maintenance schedule, which affects the reliability of electrical equipment. Therefore, an important task is to create such systems for digital instrument combined current and voltage transformers based on resistive dividers, which determine temperature values at several points, including the most heated element. The aim of this study is to obtain experimental data on the thermal state of a resistive divider exposed to environmental factors and voltage for developing a self-diagnostics system. The results are obtained by physical simulation of thermal conditions of the transformer and its elements in high- and low-voltage climatic chambers. The effects of the following factors of critical importance have been simulated: electric voltage, insolation, temperature and speed of the ambient air. Data processing was performed using the methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics. The time needed for the thermodynamic system to move to a steady heat exchange mode, and also the temperatures on the lower resistors and on the surface of the voltage transformer insulation cover have been determined. It has been established that thermal conditions are more significantly affected by the simulated voltage than by insolation. The study has shown that even in the most severe emergency operating modes, heating in the lower resistor does not exceed the critical value. It has been found that the thermal state of the transformer is significantly influenced by the simulated factors including directional insolation, which is not taken into account in the existing methods of calculating the thermal state of the instrument electrical equipment. The reliability of the obtained results is ensured by the fact that the simulation took into account significant factors. The results of the experiment will be used to develop a thermal self-diagnostics system for the digital transformer, which will improve the reliability of operation of such instrument equipment by allowing the personnel’s to give a rapid response to real-time information about the transformer thermal state.
Knowledge, attitude and practices about rabies prophylaxis among medical officers
Authors: Jidge Ashvini C. , Rokade Hemlata G. , Mangulikar Suresh K.
Published: April 2019

Background: One of the important requirements to achieve “Zero Human rabies deaths by 2030” is to build awareness of the PEP and care for exposed victims. So, this study was undertaken with the aim and objective to study knowledge, attitude and practices related to animal bite transmitting rabies, amongst medical officer.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 95 medical officer. Pretested and structured questionnaire was prepared related to training sessions conducted and their knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) related to rabies prophylaxis. Data was entered and analysed using Microsoft Excel 16 version. Percentages were calculated and appropriate statistical test were applied.Results: None of them had received training on rabies prophylaxis. Regarding WHO categorization of animal bite, 69.5% participants had sufficient knowledge about category III, 47.4% about category II and 42.10% about Category I. Only 4.21% participants were aware of the preexposure prophylaxis and 29.47% participants had sufficient knowledge about intradermal (ID). schedule. Attitude was poor (47.40%) regarding willingness of administrating equine antirabies serum at their setup. 81% practiced immediate wound toileting and 45.30% of participants administered ARV by intradermal route. All patients were referred to tertiary care centre for administration of ARS and 82.10% of participants referred the patients immediately.Conclusions: There was an apparent lack of awareness seen in rabies prophalaxis and management. Effort should be taken to emphasize the importance PEP management through regular reorientation programs.
Terapia fotodinâmica na endodontia: revisão de literatura
Authors: Schaeffer Bárbara , D'Aviz Fernando Soveral , Ghiggi Paula Cristine , Klassmann Larissa Magnus
Published: April 2019

A terapia endodôntica busca prevenir e quando necessário eliminar infecções endodônticas. A persistência de microrganismos ao preparo químico mecânico ou a medicação intracanal é considerada a principal causa dos insucessos do tratamento endodôntico. Sendo nestes casos o Enterococcus faecalis o microrganismo mais comumente encontrado. A terapia fotodinâmica (PDT) desponta desta maneira como uma promissora terapia coadjuvante ao tratamento endodôntico convencional para eliminar estes microrganismos persistentes. Esta terapia consiste na associação de uma fonte de luz específica a um fotossensibilizador na presença de oxigênio, produzindo assim espécies citotóxicas aos microrganismos. Assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso da terapia fotodinâmica na endodontia, a qual demonstra-se efetiva como auxiliar durante o preparo do canal radicular.
The Effect of Ethnicity on Preterm Birth and its Influence on the Risk Factors for Prematurity
Authors: Bachkangi P , Taylor AH , Konje JC
Published: April 2019

Preterm birth (PTB) affects 9.6% of pregnancies worldwide and is associated with a very high perinatal mortality that depends on the gestational age at delivery. As a result, PTB has a significant health and financial impact on health systems, families and societies. Its aetiology is not fully understood, but in most cases it is multifactorial, with several maternal, paternal, and epidemiological factors associated with increased risk. Other factors include parental ethnicity, maternal age and body mass index, socioeconomic status, and where the families live. This review examines the influence of ethnicity as an individual risk factor for PTB. It also explores its influence on the epidemiology of PTB and demonstrates that data on certain ethnicities are lacking, despite the fact that these ethnic clusters are within the very ‘high-risk groups’ that are adequately represented in some Western societies. This review examines the influence of ethnicity as an individual risk factor for PTB and also explores its influence on the different epidemiological aspects. A thorough revisit of the ethnic epidemiology unveiled other unnoticed risk factors that if addressed appropriately prematurity can be prevented. Moreover, certain ethnicities were not within the attention of researchers, despite the facts that they are very ‘high-risk groups’ and are also adequately represented in some Western societies.
The Journal of Tehran University Heart Center Presented in the European Heart Journal
Authors: Karimi Abbasali , Abbasi Seyed Hesameddin
Published: April 2019

The abstract not available.
Relationship between Vitamin D Levels and the Incidence of Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Daie Maryam , Hajhossein Talasaz Azita , Karimi Abbasali , Gholami Kheirollah , Salehiomran Abbas , Ariannejad Hamid , Jalali Arash
Published: April 2019

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is probably a consequence of inflammation. Vitamin D is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D levels on the incidence of POAF.
Methods: In a prospective cohort study, patients were monitored for the occurrence of POAF during the first 5 days after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in Tehran Heart Center. Those with concomitant valvular surgeries were excluded. Thereafter, they were divided into 2 groups: with or without POAF. Vitamin D levels were assessed in all the patients. The relationship between the vitamin D level and the incidence of POAF was evaluated and compared between the groups using the Mann–Whitney U test.
Results: The study population comprised of 156 patients. The mean age was 62.8±8.6 years, and 105 (67.3%) patients were male. Of the 156 patients, 29 (19%) developed POAF. The median preoperative vitamin D level was 15.3 in the group with POAF and 25.3 in the group without POAF (P=0.07).
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated no significant relationship between vitamin D levels and the occurrence of POAF.
Concertina Phenomenon in the Left Anterior Descending Artery: An Unexpected Circumstance in an Unexpected Vessel
Authors: Hayıroğlu Mert İlker , Çınar Tufan , Öz Ahmet , Keskin Muhammed
Published: April 2019

The concertina phenomenon is the occurrence of new and transient angiographic series of pseudolesions in a tortuous vessel induced mainly by a stiff guide wire. Here, we describe a 53-year-old man who experienced a concertina effect in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) during an elective percutaneous coronary intervention. After the diagnosis of the concertina phenomenon in the LAD, a percutaneous coronary intervention was performed following the withdrawal of the soft guide wire to the mid level of the LAD. After the intervention, the patient remained in very good clinical status and was discharged on the third postprocedural day.
THE EMPATHY DIFFERENCE OF CHILDREN IN LATE CHILDHOOD SEEN ON THE ATTACHMENT PATTERNS TO MOTHERS
Authors: Fakhruddiana Fuadah , Nur Utomo Unggul Haryanto
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to describe the different empathy for children in late childhood with secure attachment, avoidance attachment, and ambivalent/resistant attachment patterns. The subjects consist of children aged 10/11 – 12/13 years old that were born and lived by the mothers.

Methodology: The method used in this research is the quantitative method by conducting significance testing. The data of child empathy variables are taken by semi-projective measuring tool of questions in order to explore the cognitive, affective, and motivational aspects. On the other hand, the data of attachment patterns for mother-child variables are obtained through the measuring tool in the form of force choices in which each item directly indicates the attachment pattern of the child.

Results: The result of the hypothesis depicts that F = 0.673 with p = 0.415, that is p > 0.05 refers to the decline of the hypothesis. It clearly states that there is no difference found on children in late childhood with secure attachment, avoidance attachment, and ambivalent/resistant attachment.

Implications: As a summary, the child empathy reviewed on each attachment pattern to the mother is not evident. This might happen due to the not-varied data as the research sample which is merely obtained at the school and other factors that affect the development of empathy of children in addition to the attachment pattern of the child with his mother.
INTEGRATING BODY LANGUAGE INTO CLASSROOM INTERACTION: THE KEY TO ACHIEVING EFFECTIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: W. Pratolo Bambang
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to prove the importance of understanding body language to achieve the effectiveness of English language classes.

Methodology: Literature investigation is carried out to confirm the objective of this paper.

Results: In the teaching and learning process, effective communication between a teacher and students is the utmost importance. The failure to establish effective communication in the classroom setting will result in a deficiency of the teaching and learning process.

Implications: It is the fact that many cues of body language are culture-specific and therefore the only way to improve the understanding of body language is by interacting with people from different cultural backgrounds so that they can share socio-cultural and linguistic norms. Thus, the experience will enrich the teacher with cross-cultural nonverbal behavior which benefits his performance in the classroom. Both teachers' and students' knowledge of non-verbal language play very significant roles in making the classroom interaction successful. Therefore, finally, a summary is presented to reconfirm the importance of integrating body language into classroom interaction.
ROLE OF SELF CONCEPT, EMOTIONAL REGULATION, EMPATHY IN PREDICTING FORGIVENESS IN TEENS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SURABAYA
Authors: Prihastiwi Wiwik Juwarini
Published: April 2019

Purpose of Study: This research aimed to determine variables which are between self-concept, emotional regulation and empathy are the strongest predictors of forgiveness. The subjects were the teenagers in the 2nd grade of junior high school in Surabaya of Indonesia. The subjects were 111 people that consist of 60 boys and 51 girls.

Methodology: The research design was quantitative which correlated between self-concept, emotional regulation, empathy, and forgiveness. Data analysis was multiple regressions.

Results: The result of the test showed that there was a very significant positive correlation empathy, emotional regulation with forgiveness (significance level p <.05). On the contrary, there was no significant correlation self-concept with forgiveness. All predictors, self-concept, emotional regulation and empathy contributed 31.4% on forgiveness. The result also obtained that emotional regulation that was a stronger predictor of forgiveness (74.1%) compared to empathy (16.1%) and then there were no differences of emotional regulation and forgiveness based on gender, but girls are higher in empathy than boys.

Implications/Applications: The results showed that it gave the contribution to the therapy of forgiveness teenagers.
Mixed methods and triangulation in history education research: Introduction
Authors: Bernhard Roland , Bramann Christoph , Kühberger Christoph
Published: April 2019

This special edition of HERJ (number 16.1) sprang from an international symposiumin Salzburg, Austria on 11 and 12 May 2017, called Triangulation in History EducationResearch (H-Soz-Kult, 2019). It includes 12 articles on mixed-methods research andtriangulation in history education research from seven different countries: Australia,Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 
Using mixed methods to capture complexity in an empirical project about teachers' beliefs and history education in Austria
Authors: Bernhard Roland
Published: April 2019

In international methodological literature, and in the literature about research in education in general, mixed-methods research (MMR) has been identified as a means to get deeper and broader insights, and to validate findings in research projects. Nevertheless, so far there has not
been much reflection upon mixed methods in the history education research community. In this article, some advantages of the concept will be presented, drawing on international methodological literature. It will ask how these advantages may be used in research projects in history education
to get richer findings. This paper will present an Austrian mixed methods project, and will reflect upon the experience of using qualitative and quantitative methodology in it. The Competence and Academic Orientation in History Textbooks (CAOHT) and Epistemic Beliefs of Austrian History Teachers
after the Paradigm Shift to Historical Thinking (EBAHT) projects researched the beliefs of history teachers and history teaching nearly a decade after the reform that changed the Austrian history curriculum from content orientation to domainspecific competence orientation (historical thinking).
Sequential qualitative–quantitative triangulation study has made it possible to capture some of the complexity of such an undertaking, more than would have been possible using a mono-method design. To base a survey on a previous qualitative study can help to interpret the context of
the statistical results, put into perspective the answers and see relations that are difficult to detect when relying on a mono-method design. Also, when there is corroborating evidence from qualitative and quantitative data, conclusions may be drawn with more confidence, and generalization
of qualitative findings becomes possible.
Profiles of teaching and learning moments in the history classroom
Authors: Lagarto Mariana
Published: April 2019

This paper reports on the main results of research carried out in Portuguese history classrooms (Grades 7–9, age 12–14), with the aim of providing further understanding of how historical thinking is being developed and assessed by teachers. Although history education research
in Portugal appears to have fostered some fruitful experiences in this area, this study is intended to identify practices of teaching and learning. This work also tries to highlight good practices with relevance to the development of historical thinking. In the main study, data were collected
through direct observation of classroom interaction (followed by interviews with teachers) and paper-andpencil tasks (performed by students) focusing on change in history learning and metacognition. Inductive analysis and triangulation of the data helped to understand possible relationships
between questioning in the classroom and thinking in history, and to highlight some features of how students' historical thinking is being developed, namely what kind of temporal orientation they construct. Teachers revealed different kinds of teaching practices during a lesson, producing
different kinds of learning experiences: a model of the development of competencies in history emerged from the data, and also a set of profiles of teaching and learning moments. Although seven profiles emerged, this paper will focus on Profile 7, as it could be the most inspiring for history
education.
Expression of Stearoyl Co-enzyme A desaturase (SCD) gene during the juvenile age in layer chicken
Authors: Sagar N. Govardhana , Bhattacharya T. K. , Prasad A. Rajendra , Kumar Pushpendra , Chatterjee R. N. , Bhushan Bharat , Kanaka K. K.
Published: April 2019

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is key enzyme in the production of triglycerides and cholesterol. Present study was conducted to know the expression pattern of the Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene in liver during juvenile age (0 day, 14th
day, 28th day and 42nd day) in layer birds. Expression of SCD gene increased from the day of hatch to 42nd day, as the body weight and fat deposition increased. The mRNA expression levels of SCD gene during day 0 was differed significantly (P less
than 0.05) with expression levels during other juvenile ages. When compared with SCD expression levels on the day 0 expression levels were up-regulated by 8198.64, 7245.99 and 5587.77 folds over day 14, 28 and 42 respectively. Serum concentration of
triglycerides and cholesterol were found to be proportional to the expression levels of SCD gene in liver. It is concluded that SCD expression varied among different age groups during juvenile stages and had significant association with serum
triglycerides and cholesterol concentration in layer chicken.
Comparative evaluation of ropivacaine, ropivacaine- dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine – clonidine combinations for epidural analgesia in cattle
Authors: Sekhar K. Chandra , Veena P. , Kumar R. V. Suresh , Ramayya P. Jagapathi
Published: April 2019

Eighteen animals with various surgical conditions were divided into three groups of six animals each. Group I received ropivacaine (0.75%) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt at sacrococcygeal space. Group II animals received ropivacaine (0.75%) @ 0.25 mg/kg
b.wt and dexmedetomidine at 5 µg/kg b.wt in the sacrococcygeal space. Group III animals received ropivacaine (0.75%) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt and clonidine @ 2 µg/kg b.wt at sacrococcygeal space. The fastest onset of analgesia was produced by
ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine combination followed by ropivacaine-clonidine. RT showed non significant decrease in all groups during post epidural analgesia. A non significant increase in RR was observed in cattle following ropivacaine and
ropivacaine-clonidine epidural analgesia. Where as a non significant fall in RR was noticed during ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine combination. A non significant increase in HR was recorded after epidural administration of ropivacaine in group I animals.
Whereas group II and III animals showed a non significant decrease in HR throughout the period of study. ECG studies did not reveal any abnormalities except sinus arrhymia in all animals. In group I and III non significant increase in Hb and PCV was
observed in the present study. Non significant decrease in Hb and PCV values were recorded in animals subjected to ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine analgesia. A non significant increase in AST, ALT was noticed in all groups of animals. The study suggests
that dexmedetomidine is a better adjuvant than clonidine in epidural analgesia as far as cardio-respiratory and Haemato-biochemical parameters are concerned.
Programa computacional para análise de imagens de sistema poroso de rochas sedimentares
Authors: Vidal Alexandre Campane , Dilly Bruno Luís Gonçalves , Basilici Giorgio
Published: April 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um software livre que estima as propriedades petrofísicas básicas relacionadas a porosidade de rochas sedimentares por imagens petrográficas bidimensionais. Estas propriedades são um dos fatores que controlam o fluxo de fluido em rochas reservatório, sendo o conhecimento destas variáveis fundamentais para a compreensão da qualidade do reservatório. Para alcançar nossos objetivos, nós implementamos as seguintes funções na plataforma MATLAB©: segmentação de imagens, histograma de equalização, medida de porosidade e rotulação de poros. A rotina é direcionada a estudantes de graduação, assim a rotina de programação é aberta permitindo ao usuário entender o código, como também alterar e implementar o programa.
Elementos da História e Filosofia das ciências em livros didáticos de Geologia: uma análise temporal
Authors: Marinho Claudio , Miguel Gisele Francelino , Simas Joemes de Lima , Gonçalves Pedro Wagner
Published: April 2019

Neste trabalho buscou-se evidenciar conteúdos de História e Filosofia da Ciência (HFC) em livros didáticos de geologia. Particularmente procurou-se averiguar a continência de tópicos da HFC em obras já utilizadas em cursos de Geologia Introdutória e que ainda estão em uso. Para o estudo foram selecionadas obras publicadas em décadas diferentes, com o intuito de construir a trajetória da abordagem da HFC nos livros didáticos de geologia com o decorrer dos anos, bem como, observar o aumento ou redução da importância destes assuntos. A investigação dos materiais seguiu três caminhos: 1) a análise de conteúdo, com a observação de menções implícitas e explícitas; 2) a contextualização com conhecimentos científicos da época de publicação da obra e 3) o método de triangulação, que permitiu a confluência e discordância nos materiais analisados. O estudo revelou que a abordagem dos conteúdos de Geologia, nos livros didáticos analisados, tem enfoque nos processos e produtos geológicos, ou seja, a estrutura retórica presente nos textos é apresentada de maneira descontextualizada da Histórica e Filosofia da Ciência. A linguagem é dominantemente técnica, enfraquecendo o elo entre a Geologia e o contexto histórico e filosófico existente na época das descobertas geológicas discutidas nos livros. Este trabalho compõe parte de pesquisa maior, com mais obras e análises distintas. Não cabe classificar a qualidade das obras, já que foram publicadas em contextos e momentos diferentes.
Developing Urban Transport in Turkey with Greater Consideration for Sustainability
Authors: Biyik Can
Published: April 2019

This paper sets out three visions for the year 2035 which bring about a radical change in the level of walking, cycling and public transport in Turkish urban areas. A participatory visioning technique was structured according to a three-stage technique: (i) Extensive online comprehensive survey. In which potential transport measures were researched for their relevance to promoting sustainable transport in future Turkish urban areas; (ii) Semi-structured interviews. Where transport strategy suggestions were developed in the context of the possible imaginary urban areas and their associated contextual description of the imaginary urban areas for each vision; (iii) Participatory workshops. Where an innovative method was developed to explore various creative future choices and alternatives. Overall, this paper indicates that the content of the visions was reasonable, but such visions need a considerable degree of consensus and radical approaches to tackling them.
KECERNAAN RANSUM SAPI BALI DENGAN KONSENTRAT FERMENTASI BERBASIS LUMPUR SAWIT DAN BAHAN PAKAN LOKAL
Authors: Badarina Irma , Jarmuji Jarmuji , Gultom Dodi Permadi
Published: April 2019

The aim of this research was to evaluate the dry matter and organic matter
digestibility in vivo of Bali cattle diet that supplemented with fermented concentrate ration based from palm oil sludge and several local feed sources. Fifteen Bali cattles with 2 years old and the range of live weight 184,5±3,63 kg were distributed into three treatments and five replication in Completely Randomized design. The treatment was the level of concentrate supplementation, They were P1 (10kg/day), P2(7,5kg/day) and P3(5kg/day). The forage and the rice straw were adjusted as much as 10 kg/day and 1 kg/day, respectively. The composition of fermented concentrate consisted of palm oil sludge (70%), rice bran (10%), coffee husk (10% ) and coconut press fiber (10%). As bioactivator used”Bionak”as much as 0,3%. The an aerob fermentation took time a week. The result showed that up to the highest level (10kg/day) the supplementation of fermented concentrate ration enhanced the consumption and the digestibility of the whole rations.