bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre a dimensão extraterritorial das obrigações estaduais em matéria de proteção internacional – Reflexões motivadas pelo Parecer Consultivo do Tribunal Interamericano de Direitos Humanos, de 30 de maio de 2018
Authors: Pinto Oliveira A. Sofia
Published: July 2019

In this brief commentary to Advisory Opinion OC-25/18, issued at the request of the República del Ecuador, we argue that, given the extent to which the Inter-American Court recognizes the extraterritorial effects that the State derives from its commitment to the principle of non-refoulement, the diplomatic asylum institute is somehow overtaken by the doctrine of the extraterritorial effectiveness of human rights.
Aplicativo Android para classificação de fitas indicadoras de pH
Authors: Correia Suzete Élida Nóbrega , Barros Luana Rodrigues , Soares Gabriel Gutierrez Pereira , Soares Adriano Júnio De Souza
Published: July 2019

PH is one of the main quality indicators used in several industries such as food, beverage and water treatment. Some pH measurements methods are more affordable than others and can be easily used by anyone. The pH test strips can be highlighted as one of the best techniques. At the same time, this kind of analysis relies on the human vision condition that may be compromised in some cases due to aging, eye fatigue or vision-related diseases. This work presents the development of an Android app capable of classifying a pH strip according to its reference chart using image processing techniques.
INNOVATIVE CONCEPT OF "SPACE" IN THE TRANSFORMATION MODEL OF THE UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolev, Samsonov R. , Nesterov A. ,   Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolev
Published: July 2019

The article formulates the methodological foundations of the fourth generation university model. A university is understood as a social institution that performs the function of human development. The problem that the thoughts given in the article are focused on is the lack of a philosophical level university model developed in the current discussion field that meets the target indicators of the national projects “Science”, “Education” and “Digital Economy”. The research methodology is development schemes in the theory of knowledge, the theory of activity and the philosophy of technology. The result is a demonstration of an ontological scheme for constructing a transformational model of a university, allowing verification of the current state of affairs in the processes of reforming higher education in Russia, guaranteeing the coherence of the university’s development standards as a social institution. In the first three paragraphs, the basic ontological prerequisites for the interaction of man and the cosmos are formulated, the content of the concepts of space, scientific knowledge and technical creativity is revealed, and the stages of the development of artificial nature are demonstrated. An ontological scheme is given that fixes the knowledge and action of a person in the actual and potential cosmos. In the fourth paragraph, the thesis is defended that the university is a form of social organization that performs the function of managing the interaction of space and man and that is developing in proportion to the level of science and technology. The fifth and sixth paragraphs discuss the so-called “generations” of universities, the transformation of the university is described as the consistent emancipation and institutionalization of the self-government functions of the social subject: the second generation of universities forms research management structures in the third generation - the structures for implementing research results in the real economy. In the seventh paragraph, the thesis is formulated that the fourth generation university synthesizing the forms of a research and entrepreneurial university in order to correspond to the current state of the artificial habitat of mankind must create in itself a goal setting management structure and learn to work with a new level of uncertainty.
DEVELOPING A SYSTEM FOR ESTIMATION RATING OF TEACHERS BASED ON QUALIMETRIC APPROACH AND ONTOLOGY
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Sosinskaya S. , Dorofeev R. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Dorofeev A. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: July 2019

Education reform taking place in Russia affected not only its educational levels and the studied subjects, but also teachers are required to be more relevant and intensify their activities. Evaluation of employees' performance helps to determine the effectiveness of a particular work realization, allows establishing compliance of indicators to the necessary requirements. The article proposes the combined use of the qualimetric approach and ontology for rating teachers. With this purpose we developed a Web application with a database on the MSSQL server used for collecting the information needed to figure out the rating and the integral evaluation of the quality of the teacher performance based on the values of indicators and weights. Then the database is converted into an ontology using FLUENT editor by means of the ANTLR software tool. Ontology, containing classes, attributes, and relations, allows one to perform various database queries. The proposed approach first combines the use of all mentioned software products, will allow more objective evaluation of the performance of the teacher in various aspects, encouraging to improve the productivity and increase the efficiency.
The Akathist Hymn to the Blessed Virgin Mary and Polish Marian Songs in Context of Performative Practices in Litany Tradition
Authors: Jakóbczyk-Gola Aleksandra
Published: July 2019

The article analyses Akatyst ku czci Bogurodzicy [Akathist to the Mother of God], which, together with the accompanying icon, was one of the important components of the Marian Orthodox cult, whose influence went beyond the Orthodox Church, affecting among others also Polish lands. The aim of the article is not to develop a monograph on this phenomenon, but, focusing on the recognition of its complex media characteristics, to study various forms of its performance and to pay special attention to the performativity aspect. The purpose of this characterization is to bring out the complex functions that the Akathist performed, serving the purposes of memory – having also a heterogeneous character, realised in various ways and playing different roles. The analysis encompasses selected research fields – history of literature, religion and culture from the perspective of changes in the media of words, as well as art history.The second part of the article shows analogous phenomena in the Polish Marian song and traces its relations to the Akhatist to the Mother of God. In particular, the analysis focuses on the song O przenasławniejsza panno czysta... The structure of the akhatist icon was reflected in the Gothic altar stands in Lesser Poland, in which the image of the Virgin Mary of the type of Madonna Piekarska was centrally placed, surrounded by other representations.The key concept for the article is the litany tradition, which is understood here broadly, i.e. including specific language formulas, the communication strategy, issues of presence, mnemonic formulas, the ideas of spatial relations, movement and performance. In conclusion, the article attempts to define the multi-aspectual character of this phenomenon, with particular focus on the dynamics of this tradition, the need to act and recall using memory.
Wizerunek Rosji w powieści Jana Czyńskiego Cesarzewicz Konstanty i Joanna Grudzińska, czyli Jakubini polscy: problem ewolucji stereotypów romantycznych
Authors: Filatova Natalia
Published: July 2019

The article focuses on the novel by Jan Czyński Cesarzewicz Konstanty i Joanna Grudzińska, czyli Jakubini polscy, analysed in the context of the Romantic cultural stereotypes concerning Polish-Russian relations formed after the November Uprising. While presenting the novel’s plot (the ambivalence surrounding the figure of Grand Duke Constantine, political life in the Kingdom of Poland, the opposition patriots vs. conformists, the operation of secret police services in Warsaw), the author proves that the pamphlet character of the novel (correlated with Czyński’s personal political involvement) makes it an instructive compendium of motifs constituting the image of Russia in Polish literature within the Romantic paradigm.
Prisca Theologia Mickiewicza
Authors: Seweryn Dariusz
Published: July 2019

The article, which is a fragment of a larger dissertation under preparation, focuses on the operations – symbolic rather than conceptual – which Mickiewicz uses in the first course of Literatura słowiańska [Slavonic Literature] to construct an image of the pre-Christian spiritual culture of Slavs according to a desired, a priori model. This phenomenon, considered in the context of a cultural process going beyond Romanticism, finds analogy in the humanistic concept of mythological monogenesis, thoroughly developed by Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski in the treatise Dii gentium. Mickiewicz proves the original monotheism of the Slavs in a manner similar to the one used in the tradition of humanistic mythology to prove the original monotheism of the Greeks and Romans. This convergence is not motivated by direct filiation, but rather by a common conceptual and symbolic apparatus of the apologetic tradition, whose characteristic feature is the camouflage of aporias generated by the concept of primordial theology. Due to the ongoing misunderstanding that Mickiewicz’s position on this issue is basically the same as that of Joachim Lelewel, upon analysing the assumptions of the arguments of both authors, the article shows that the concept of original Slavic monotheism, which is close to both of them, in both cases results from different, contradictory premises and performs different functions.
Kolegium pijarów w Chełmie. Historia – architektura – autorstwo
Authors: Mączyński Ryszard
Published: July 2019

The building of the old College of Piarist in Chełm – located on Lubelska Street, near the late baroque Church of Holy Apostles the Messengers – is now the seat of the Wiktor Ambroziewicz Chełm Land Museum. Until now, it has not raised much interest among researchers and – appearing as a work of architecture devoid of expressive style features – has not been the subject of scientific reflection. This situation is changed by the disclosure of the preserved drawing from 1698, showing the building in a horizontal projection and axonometric view, stored in the Archivio Generale delle Scuole Pie in Rome. The information contained in written documents kept there allow to determine the time of construction of the building for the years 1698-1700. The project proves that the preserved edifice did not change substantially its one-story block, set on the plan of the letter H. The innovations concerned only the roof part over the main body, which was originally the Krakow roof, and the extension of one of the side wings in 1720-1724 (so that the college was connected to the church). Neither did the subsequent transformations significantly affect the internal divisions, be it in the two-and-a-half tract main corpus, with the cross-corridor communication system introduced therein, or in the single tract side wings. The shape of the building and the severity of the development of its facade, representing the baroque in its classicizing version, suggests the designer – Giuseppe Piola, an architect working in Warsaw at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, building, at the request of the Piarist order, also their church and monastery complex in Szczuczyn. However, the extension of the college wing made in the first half of the 18th century should probably be associated with the person of another capital architect – Carlo Antonio Bay, who at the same time, together with his son-in-law, Vincenzo Rachetti, also an architect, made calculations for the Piarist priests from Chełm for the profitability of their parcel located in the suburbs of the city of Lublin. The building in Chełm was a monastic college, and at certain times also a “profesorium”, in which Piarist clerics learned philosophy at a higher level of education. Contrary to some suggestions, there was never a public school run by the Piarists in this building. It was founded – as a Russian gymnasium – only after the January Uprising and the dissolution of the Scholarum Piarum community.
Dekoracja okazjonalna (1715) w kościele Jezuitów w Lublinie. Ze studiów nad ikonografią św. Stanisława Kostki
Authors: Dzik Janina
Published: July 2019

Lublin, a city that is the seat of the Crown Tribunal, was one of the centers where St. Stanislaus Kostka was especially venerated. The main center of worship was the former Jesuit church of the St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist (the present cathedral), where the miraculous image of the young man was kept.The discovery of the note in the hand-written chronicle of the Romanum Societatis Jesu Archives reminds us of the occasional decoration of the Jesuit church during ceremonies connected with the announcement of the canonization of Stanislaus Kostka in 1715. The expanded multifaceted picture-verbal decoration focused primarily on the facade, main altar and chapel, bringing together the national aspect (Polish king), the papal aspect (Pope Clement XI) and the prophetic sign, for which the coat of arms of the Albani family from which the Pope came. The Polish nobleman-priest was created from the beginning of the cult to become one of the main supporters of the triumphs of the Polish State. The canonization of Stanislaus became a symbolic guarantee of the expected peace and stability of the country. That is why the decoration revealed a great historical message and a mystery given to the Poles through the young Jesuit, raising the importance of Poland in connection with the papacy and Catholic faith.
Projekty wnętrz i mebli zaprezentowane na „wystawie Architektury i wnętrz w otoczeniu ogrodowem” w Krakowie w 1912 roku
Authors: Wójcik Agata
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to analyze the architecture of residential interiors and furniture making presented at the exhibition in 1912, to indicate the sources of inspiration for designers and to place them in the context of foreign furniture making. The sources of information were the exhibition catalog, press articles, and the archival materials stored in the National Archives in Krakow that had not been used so far, as well as photographs from the collections of the Print Room of the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow and the Museum of the Jagiellonian University.The interiors and furniture presented by the artists from the society for Polish applied arts (TPSS) at the Krakow exhibition in 1912 perfectly matched the trends prevailing in designing around 1910. How far they were from the curvy-line Art Nouveau. The designers consciously and creatively used their native tradition, especially the furniture making of the Biedermeier period and folk art. On the one hand, Polish artists drew from the architecture of manor interiors, and on the other they were close to the inspiration of an English home. Their projects can be compared with the works of Austrian artists from the circle of the Vienna Workshop and German artists associated with the Deutscher Werkbund. They were a harbinger of simplified, geometrized, folk-inspired, influencing the beauty of the material, Polish furniture of the interwar period. The equipment for the house of a worker and a craftsman being an example of cheap furniture was characterized by solidity, modesty, operating with economical, but noble forms, inspired by folk ornamentation. They were the beginning of attempts by Polish designers to create minimalist, functional, solid and cheap equipment that were continued in the interwar period.
Questões atuais sobre direito constitucional à saúde
Authors: Cerioni Marta
Published: July 2019

O ensaio lida com questões atuais na lei constitucional de saúde. Após uma visão reconstrutiva da estrutura da lei, a contribuição trata da dimensão subjetiva, considerando quem tem direito a benefícios em um momento histórico em que o Estado italiano se tornou uma nação de intensa imigração. A segunda questão trata do perfil da saúde coletiva, a saber, a reintrodução da obrigação de vacinação, enquanto a terceira trata da dificuldade de financiar todas as atividades do serviço público de saúde com recursos públicos. O debate jurídico que está ocorrendo na Itália, com base nas indicações de especialistas em direito e na jurisprudência do Tribunal Constitucional, é muito útil para todos os países de língua românica porque os princípios jurídicos que resultam dele também podem ser usado em outros países da América Latina e da Europa Latina.

Palavras chave:lei individual. direito coletivo.Imigração.Vacinas. crise econômica.
Uma abordagem dinamica da questão da competencia, conhecimento pessoal e conhecimento academico
Authors: Durrive Louis
Published: July 2019

Adotamos uma perspectiva antropológica sobre trabalho e aprendizagem, que é também a perspectiva da ergologia. Isto permite-nos ver a competência de uma forma dinâmica.A representação dinâmica opõe-se a uma representação estática da competência. A representação estática é denunciada em todos os lugares como desumanizante, pois só considera o ato profissional de forma impessoal. A pessoa humana é supostamente intercambiável e sua atividade é ignorada. Pelo contrário, como vemos no diagrama dos “seis ingredientes da competência”, a abordagem ergológica quer manter unido o ato e o ator. Não devem ser separados, mas também não devem ser confundidos. É a representação dinâmica da competência que permite: (a) não violentar à atividade humana, reconhecendo o sujeito em seu ato quando está em situação de trabalho; (b) e, no entanto, ser capaz de distinguir o ato profissional de forma impessoal, de modo a permitir a organização do trabalho e da formação - e a produção de quadros de referência.
O futuro do sistema de saúde na espanha: será possível financiá-lo sem reformas estruturais?
Authors: Barrubés Joan , Peiró Manel
Published: July 2019

Os sistemas de saúde contribuíram claramente para melhorar o estado de saúde da população, mas a taxa de crescimento dos gastos em saúde, superior à do crescimento do PIB nos países desenvolvidos, levanta questões sobre sua sustentabilidade. No entanto, a análise da sustentabilidade tende a ser parcial: concentra-se nos gastos com a saúde e, raramente, na cobertura e nas receitas fiscais do sistema de saúde, um ponto crítico no caso da Espanha. Neste artigo analisamos o impacto da crise econômica na sustentabilidade do sistema de saúde espanhol, e não apenas seu impacto econômico, mas também em termos de aumento de saúde e desigualdades. E, finalmente, uma estimativa do crescimento dos gastos de saúde pública em Espanha para os próximos anos em um cenário de reforma e um cenário de crescimento sem mudanças estruturais, para trazer para fora o custo de não fazer nada é feito. Mudanças e reformas tornam-se imperativas, mas isso requer um clima de discussão calma e aberta que envolva todos os atores do processo, abordando os problemas reais.
Crise do seguro saúde no chile: doença crônica socialmente transmissível
Authors: Lezcano Mario Parada- , Cortés Fabian Moraga-
Published: July 2019

No Chile, desde o início da seguridade social em saúde sob responsabilidade estatal, em 1924, instalou-se uma crise de legitimidade da proteção social à saúde, porque nunca foi materializado o princípio da universalidade e os diferentes sistemas implantados excluíram a segmentos da população, gerando fragmentação e desigualdades. Serão desenvolvidas idéias sobre a persistente fragmentação classista do sistema de saúde enquanto forma de reprodução social, quase imune às concepções progressistas e à análise crítica de algumas propostas de mudanças estruturais. OBJETIVO: Analisar a evolução sócio-histórica da seguridade social em saúde no Chile, entre 1924 e 2018. METODOLOGIA: Ensaio. CONCLUSÕES: A luta por mudar o paradigma ideológico-hegemônico produz uma trajetória política em ziguezague. O caso chileno mostra poucos avanços e múltiplos retrocessos na garantia do direito à saúde. Observa-se una previdência social fragmentada com multiplicidade de sistemas de saúde; grande desigualdade nos resultados; contradição entre a herança estatista dos primeiros anos do século XX e a profunda neoliberalização da garantia propiciada pela ditadura. A fragmentação clássica dos sistemas de saúde e sua reprodução social, quase impermeável às concepções realmente próximas dos princípios da seguridade social, é o que chamamos de “doença socialmente transmissível”.
Comparative analysis of chronic constipation clinical course in children with connective tissue dysplasia
Authors: Peregoedova Valentina N. , Bogomolova I. K. , Luzina E. V.
Published: July 2019

Chronic constipation is the one of the most common pathologies of gastrointestinal tract in childhood. The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of clinical characteristics of chronic constipation in children with both connective tissue dysplasia symptoms and without them. 96 children aged of 4-17 years with chronic constipation were examined. The diagnosis of connective tissue dysplasia signs was executed with the aid of table by V.G. Arsentiev consisted of modified diagnostic signs. Children with connective tissue dysplasia were revealed to manifest chronic constipation with more severe complicated course 6.7 times more often, that serves a cause to detect a physical disability due to disease. 42% of patients with chronic constipation have deficit of body mass. Despite a long period of time from the onset of symptoms of constipation in children, over 36% of parents had not sought medical help. This indicates to their insufficient medical activity and determines the needfor early preventive measures aimed at prevention of the chronicity of this pathology
Efficacy of Miramistin in the correction of the oropharynx microbiocenosis in sickly children
Authors: Nikolaeva Irina V. , Gerasimova E. S. , Pavlova T. Yu.
Published: July 2019

There are presented data of the analysis of the composition of the oropharynx microbiota and antimicrobial resistance of opportunistic bacteria isolated in sickly children to determine the effectiveness of the preparation Miramistin. There was executed a bacteriological study of the microflora of the oropharynx in 71 children with respiratory recurrent infections (RIRs). There was determined the resistance of isolated species ofpathogens of respiratory infections to antibiotics of different classes. Children suffering from RIRs were found to have species and and quantitative disorders of the pattern ofpharynx microflora in 90,2% of cases. In cultures from oropharyngeal mucosa there were isolated 15 types of potentially pathogenic bacteria, among them there were dominated: S. aureus (31%), Haemophilus influenzae (11,3%),) Strept. pyogenes (11,3%) and Strept. pneumoniae (8,4%). All of the isolated in sickly children strains of S. aureus and Strept. pyogenes (including strains resistant to antibiotics and bacteriophages) were susceptible to Miramistin. There was proved high efficiency and safety of Miramistin in the complex therapy of various forms of inflammatory diseases oa upper respiratory tract: angina, chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis and nasopharyngitis in children. It is recommended to always include Miramistin in the complex treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx.
Features of the treatment of the cystic fibrosis patient with mixed microbial respiratory infection, including Pandoraea Pnomenusa
Authors: Simonova Olga I. , Voronina O. L. , Gorinova Yu. V. , Amelina E. L. , Burkina N. I. , Lazareva A. V. , Kunda M. S. , Ryzhova N. N. , Chernevich V. P.
Published: July 2019

Respiratory tract infection is a major cause of complications and death in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Transmissible strains of Gram-negative non-fermenting Burkholderiales bacteria: Burkholderia cepacia complex, Achromobacter spp, Pandoraea spp. are quite alarming. In the paperfirstly there is presented a clinical case with mixed microbial infection of the CF patient with involvement of Pandoraea pnomenusa. There are reportedfeatures of diagnosis and treatment of a patient throughout 20 years, described the data of the examination of the patient and his airway microbiota. Timely identification of P. pnomenusa with the use of mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF and the molecular genetic techniques was shown to contribute to the isolation of the patient in the hospital, his transfer to the inpatient substitution therapy, that prevented the cross-infection of other CF patients. Permanent microbiological control revealed an increase of the antibiotic resistance of P. pnomenusa. The congruence of the antibiotic therapy with resistome of all identified microorganisms has allowed to develop an effective treatment schedule, which promoted to the elimination of P. aeruginosa and P. pnomenusa in the sputum of CF patients to minor amounts and preservation of this balance of microorganisms in the next six months.
Features of the medico-social help to adolescents in the conditions of tuberculosis sanatorium
Authors: Orel Vasiliy I. , Losovskaya M. E. , Karasev G. G. , Bykova V. V.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. One of the most important problems of modern health care is the problem ofprevalence of tuberculosis, especially among children and adolescents. Despite of the improvement of an epidemic situation on tuberculosis in Russia, indices in our country are still significantly worse, than in countries of the Western Europe. Materials and methods. There are presented data of the analysis of official reports concerning the activity of the tuberculosis sanatorium for 24 years (1991-2014), retrospective data of following up teenagers aged from 15 to 18 years in various years, results of sociological survey of teenagers and their families. Results. During mentioned period the portion of patients with tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes and primary tuberculosis complex decreased by 1,7 times and 2,5 times correspondingly, but at that, the share of an infiltrative form sharply increased by 6,6 times. The number ofpatients from foci of a tuberculosis infection increased. As a result of the differentiated approach to each patient in combination with specific and senatorial methods of management, educational and pedagogical work in the sanatorium, in most of cases there was succeeded to achieve of clinical recovery as a result of the accomplishment of a basic course of management. Conclusion. Development of medical and organizational measures on optimization of therapeutic and rehabilitation processes in a tuberculosis sanatorium should be implemented on the basis of a comprehensive approach with taking into account not only the course of the disease, but also in dependence on the social and epidemiological characteristics.
Clinical and microbiological pathogenetic parallels with necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants Evidence-based prevention opportunities
Authors: Belyaeva Irina A. , Bombardirova E. P. , Kharitonova N. A. , Potekhina T. V. , Sadchikov P. E.
Published: July 2019

There are summarized data of domestic and foreign publications on the issue of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in children born prematurely. There is presented the trend of the prevalence of this pathology in the last decade, especially epidemiology and significance of NEC in the structure of perinatal morbidity and mortality. There were analyzed new concepts on etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. In recent years, there was descripted the key role of some risk factors for the development of NEC - immatureness of intestinal barrier functions, local and systemic immunity, reduced tolerance to enteral nutrition (especially in the absence of breast-feeding), inadequate microbial colonization of the immature gastrointestinal tract. Modern research methods allow us to decipher subtle mechanisms of activation of the cascade of the intestinal inflammation and breakdown of the immune defense mechanisms. There are established cellular and humoral compartments of the immune response in NEC; there were revealed typical deviations in intestinal microbiota. The investigation of etiopathogenetical NEC factors is the basis for the development of targeted methods of the prevention and treatment of this severe disease in premature infants, including with the use of probiotics. There are presented data that the use of probiotics significantly reduces the incidence of severe NEC and mortality risk from NEC.
Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies in children
Authors: Klimkin Andrey V. , Voitenkov V. B. , Skripchenko N. V.
Published: July 2019

There are presented data on clinical variants and peculiarities of the course of acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy in children. This disease is the acute post-infectious immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy characterized by the destruction of myelin ofperipheral nerves and manifested by the syndrome of symmetrical polyneuropathy with motor, sensor, autonomous disturbances and albuminocytologic dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid. This disease is known to be commonly developed during 2-4 weeks with following stage of stabilization and then improvement. There are considered issues of etiology and pathogenesis of Guillian-Barre syndrome, with the accents on pediatric aspects. There are given data on chronic demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy andM. Fischer syndrome also. There are described neurophysiological criteria for demyelinating disorders in children and considered issues of their management.
Clinical characteristics of children with very low and extremely low birth weight
Authors: Deev I. A. , Kulikova Kristina V. , Deeva E. V. , Kolomeets I. L. , Zhelev V. A. , Bodazhkova E. A. , Gorev V. V. , Hodkevich P. E.
Published: July 2019

This article is devoted to the analysis of clinical characteristics of children with very low and extremely low body weight at birth, depending on sex, gestational age and body weight. The study included 434 children with gestational age less than 32 weeks, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care (NICU), Tomsk Perinatal Center during the period of 2013-2014, medical information of which was collected retrospectively. As a result of the analysis, the majority of infants were found to have bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy ofprematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage and hemodynamically significant disorders of the cardiovascular system. The presence of pathological conditions, more were typical for the infant with birth body weight less than 1000 g, an increased likelihood of development of the each disease studied being more than 3 times. On the other hand birth weight more than 1000 g and gestational age greater than 32 weeks had a protective effect against the formation of pathological conditions studied. An analysis of odds ratios showed that in the case where birth weight less than 1000 g probability of the presence of any of the above pathological conditions, as well as comorbidity in the infant is above tenfold (OR 9,97; CI95% 5,0-19,8). In this regard, the provision of specialized medical care for pregnant women from high risk groups and search of technologies to prolong pregnancy until 32 weeks and/or weight of the fetus more than 1000 g and more is needed to improve the survival rates of preterm patients and prevent severe disabling conditions later.
Features of the visualization of the liver in children with glycogen storage disease according to data of computed tomography
Authors: Surkov Andrey N. , Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Kustova O. V. , Potapov A. S. , Anikin A. V. , Getman A. N. , Barskiy V. I. , Volynets G. V. , Smirnov I. E.
Published: July 2019

Diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) of the liver imaging in children with glycogen storage disease (GSD) is still poorly understood, in this connection, there were examined 59 patients with essential hypertension (study group) and 27 - with Wilson's disease (WD) (control group). In dependence on the type of GSD patients of the main group were divided into 3 groups: 1st with GSD Type I (n = 18), 2nd - with GSD type III (n = 21), the third - with the GSD type VI/IX (n = 20). Reference group was consisted of 107 children without liver disease. CT of the abdominal cavity on multislice computed tomography Light Speed 16 and 750 HD (GE, USA) was performed in all cases. The pronounced hepatomegaly with predominant increase in the left lobe and the index of I segment was established to be the common diagnostic CT sign, typical for all types of GSD. The change in the X-ray density of the liver parenchyma, dependent on the type of disease is also the feature of the CT-picture of liver parenchyma. In GD type I there was often noted the decline in the X-ray density of the liver parenchyma, while in GSD types III and VI there was identified a significant increase in the density of the organ tissue, which was related with morphological changes in the liver parenchyma, caused by the deposition of glycogen in hepatocytes, fat and protein dystrophy. The authors believe that CT of the abdominal cavity can be an alternative, non-invasive, relatively inexpensive and accessible way to diagnose GD, which is especially important in pediatric practice.
The prevalence of breast disease in girls in the city of Moscow
Authors: Travina Marina L. , Vinyarskaya I. V. , Popov A. G.
Published: July 2019

Preservation of reproductive health is relevant practical direction of national health care. There are presented data on the prevalence of various forms of breast pathology in girls of the various age attending preschools and schools institutions in the city of Moscow. There was executed the screening examination of 753 girls at the age of 3-17 years. Among all the examined girls the prevalence of various forms of breast pathology acounted of 190‰. The first place ranking in the structure of morbidity rate ther ewa sheld by mastalgia (46,5‰), mastopathy (45,2‰), solitary cyst (38,5 ‰) and premature isolated thelarche (25,2‰). The prevalence of breast pathology in girls of 8-17 years accounted of 216,9 ‰. According to the frequency of occurrence leading positions are occupied by: mastopathy - 65,3‰, mastalgia - 61,4‰ and solitary cyst - 53,7‰. Performed studies testify to the importance of mammography examination of girls at different ages.
Apparent life-threatening events in neonates and infants of the first year of life
Authors: Korableva Natalya N.
Published: July 2019

There are presented data on the apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) that may develop as a sudden, frightening episode with the cessation of breathing (apnea), skin discoloration (cyanosis, pallor, redness), violation of muscle tone: lowering (more often) or rigidity, with the presence of cough or breathlessness in the first year infant. ALTE incidence ranges from 0.46 to 10 per 1000 live births. Common causes of ALTE are established to be gastroesophageal reflux disease, viral infections of the lower respiratory tract, convulsions, whooping cough, sepsis and/or meningitis, arrhythmias or congenital malformations of the heart and respiratory hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, cases of child abuse. There are described history characteristics and features of the examination of ALTE survivors. Most of the ALTE babies are indicated to require hospitalization for cardiorespiratory monitoring within 24 hours after the event. A child older than 30 days suffered from first ALTE clearly associated with feeding, can be observed and examined on an outpatient basis. There is notes particular importance of the new medical and organizational technologies for the improvement of newborn health care, which will significantly promote the prevention of these conditions.
Dynamics of clinical and laboratory indices in children with glycogen storage disease type I on comprehensive therapy
Authors: Surkov Andrey N. , Baranov A. A. , Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Karulina A. S. , Potapov A. S. , Semyonova N. N. , Gundobina O. S. , Gevorkyan A. K. , Savostyanov K. V. , Pushkov A. A. , Zhurkova N. V. , Volynets G. V. , Shilova M. M.
Published: July 2019

Treatment of the glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I with uncooked cornstarch (UCS) allows to maintain long-term normoglycemia, however, the efficacy of the treatment declines due to the insufficient compliance of children patients and their parents. There were determined clinical and laboratory features of the course of GSD type I in children on the long-term comprehensive therapy. There was performed a retrospective analysis of case histories data on 19 GSD children, including 8 patients with subtype Ia and 11 cases - with subtype Ib. All children received the treatment with both UCS and hepatoprotectors. It was established that during the treatment liver sizes did not change significantly, the fasting blood glucose concentration increased by 2.8 times to 4.21 mmol/l, lactate content decreased by 1.9 times to 5.1 mmol/L, ALT activity decreased by 2.5 times, AST - by 3.3 times, and GGT - by 1.8 times if compared to the level before the treatment. In children with GSD subtype Ib blood concentrations of triglycerides prior to the treatment were 2 times higher than baseline values andfailed to change on the comprehensive therapy. Blood levels of cholesterol and uric acid after the treatment also were not significantly dependent on the duration of the therapy. The authors suggest that comprehensive course therapy of GSD type I by means of prescription to children UCS in combination with hepatoprotectors contributes to the compensation of carbohydrate metabolism and provides the relief of cytolysis and cholestasis, but disturbances of the purine and lipid metabolism in patients persist.
THE FREQUENCY OF THROMBOTIC COMPLICATIONS AND FEATURES OF GENOTYPES OF POLYMORPHIC MARKERS OF HEMOSTASIS GENES IN CHILDREN WITH NONCOMPACT CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Basargina E. N. , Umarova M. K. , Savostyanov K. V. , Derevnina Yu. V. , Smirnov I. E.
Published: July 2019

Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCMP) is characterized by the anomalous myocardium structure and various types of cardiac remodeling, in some cases it is accompanied by thrombotic complications. Preconditions for thrombosis in the disease are unknown, as also there are differences in thrombosis rates between NCMP and other cardiomyopathies, similarly accompanied by the chronic heart failure and analogous remodeling phenotypes. Aim of study is to reveal the difference in the rate of thrombosis in NCMP and dilated cardiomyopathies (DCMP) in children, and to define differences in the frequency of different genotypes of polymorphic markers in an array of hemostasis genes in the two cardiomyopathies. Methods. There was executed a prospective-retrospective cohort study, included patients from the Cardiac Department of the National Scientific and Practical Center of Children's Health from October 2011 to May 2015. The presence of NCMP was established by echocardiography, alleles and genotypes of polymorphic markers of hemostasis and folate cycle genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction in real-time mode. Results. Thrombotic complications in NCMP children were observed more often than in DCMP cases. There were no differences between NCMP and DCMC patients in the frequency of the polymorphic markers c.1691G>A of the F5 gene (p=0.61) , c.20210G>A of the F2 gene (p=1.0) , c.1565T> C of the ITGB3 gene (p=0.32) , 5G(-675)4G of PLANH1 gene (p=0,52) , G(-455)A of FGB gene (p=0.82) , c.677C>T of MTHFR gene (p=0.11). Conclusion Thrombotic complications in NCMP children occur rather more often than in DCMP cases, studied polymorphic markers of the hemostasis and folate cycle genes do not cause this difference, and this requires continuation of the study.
THE EFFICIENCY OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS IN ST. PETERSBURG OVER 2006-2015
Authors: Simakhodskiy Anatoliy S. , Romanenko O. P.
Published: July 2019

The dynamics of indices of diagnosis and treatment of congenital malformations (CM) in St. Petersburg for 2006-2015 is presented. CM were reveal to retain a high specific gravity and rank structure as causal factors of the infant and child mortality rate, which requires the inclusion of prenatal diagnosis in the quality control of medical care provided by insurance medical organizations. CM were established to account of about 30% in the structure of infant mortality. The authors believe that preventive education of future parents, preconceptional genetic counseling, full coverage of prenatal screening of pregnant women and active work of ethical commissions, will reduce the frequency of births of children with CM.
THE PROGRAM OF PROPHYLAXIS OF THE DENTOALVEOLAR ANOMALIES IN CHILDREN IN THE CHILDREN’S POLYCLINIC
Authors: Argutina Anastasia S. , Kosyuga S. Yu.
Published: July 2019

For the development a program for the prevention of dentoalveolar anomalies for children’s dental clinic, there were investigated features of the orthodontic status in children of primary school age and factors affecting its formation. The authors have been proposed preventive measures for two levels of the implementation: conjointly with teaching staff of the schools and involvement of the family (the so-called «school level»), as well as the treatment and prevention activity of children’s specialists from the dental polyclinic (polyclinic level). The mentioned measures have been structured and formulated by authors as «the preventive program». The implementation of the program for the prevention of dentoalveolar anomalies in basic medical practice showed it pronounced clinical and social effect
CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ABDOMINAL SYNDROME IN CHILDREN
Authors: Khvorostov Igor N. , Sinitsyn A. G. , Snigyr G. L.
Published: July 2019

The chronic recurrent abdominal syndrome (CRAS) in the right lower fossa in children is believed not to be independent nosological unit and is diagnosed as an exception. We carried out comparative studies of the clinical picture, results of morphological and immunohistochemical studies of remote appendicitis in 55 CRAS children and 35 children with acute destructive appendicitis. The low prognostic significance of appendicular scales for the determination of indications to the surgical treatment of CRAS was established. Morphological examination in most cases revealed signs of chronic inflammation with fibrosis of the mucosa and submucosa of the appendix in CRAS children. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the pronounced expression of protein VEGF, MMP-9 and VCAM-1 predominantly in the submucosal and the muscular layer, moderate expression for Collagen-III-alpha-1. The low number of positively stained cells for the VIP protein located both in the mucosa and in the submucosa. The number of MMP-9-positive cells was the largest, there was seen a moderate amount of VEGF, VIP and Collagen-III-alpha-1-positive cells. The disappearance of the abdominal syndrome after appendectomy was noted in 6% of CRAS patients. Recurrence of pain was observed in girls of pubertal age with the irregular menstrual cycle. The established changes in remote appendicitis, other than acute inflammation, make it possible to consider reasonable appendectomy as a way of treating CRAS in children.
LEGAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL PROBLEMS OF LEGITIMIZING A NEW CRITERION OF DEATH («BRAIN DEATH») IN DOMESTIC PEDIATRICS
Authors: Ivanyushkin Aleksandr Ya. , Popova O. V. , Smirnov I. E.
Published: July 2019

The stages of the legitimization of the new criterion of death («brain death») in domestic medicine are presented. The semantic value of legitimizing the criterion for death is considered as recognition and confirmation of the legitimacy of the new criterion of death «brain death», based on values accepted in society. The problem of a new definition of brain death in a child patient is analyzed. The problems of philosophical and sociocultural perception of the diagnosis of brain death, organ donation, national features of the formation of the criteria for brain death, ethico-legal mechanisms for the regulation of the diagnosis of brain death are considered. Some moral and ethical problems of the development of transplantology in modern pediatrics are highlighted.
STAGES AND WAYS OF REDUCING INFANT MORTALITY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE LAST 30 YEARS
Authors: Baranov Aleksandr A.
Published: July 2019

The causes and dynamics of the infant mortality (IM) in the USSR and the Russian Federation (1980-2012) are presented in the context of reforming the health care system. The stages of changes in the IM for this period were determined. One of the peculiarities of IM in the USSR is indicated to be seasonal fluctuations with peaks in July-September. At the same time, the Central Asian republics had the dominated influence on this peak. The experience of the organization of state and medical measures for effective reduction of IM in the USSR is described. The improvement of the maternity and childhood protection system in the Russian Federation allowed significantly reduce IM.
DEFENDERS OF THE FATHERLAND AND CHILDHOOD: ACADEMICIANS M.YA. STUDENIKIN AND V.P. BISYARINA
Authors: Smirnov Ivan E. , Sobotyuk N. V.
Published: July 2019

The article, devoted to the 90th anniversary of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia presents the information on the life and work of outstanding pediatricians of Russia - M.Ya. Studenikin (1923-2013) and V.P. Bisyarina (1912-1997), Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, honored scientists of the RSFSR. High professionalism, achievements in scientific and clinical pediatrics, personal qualities and style of communication with colleagues, students, patients and their parents have created them a great authority among the medical community. M.Ya. Studenikin was elected chairman of the board of the All-Union Society of Pediatricians in 1974. Under his leadership, 3 congresses of the All-Union Society of Children’s Physicians were held. V.P. Bisyarina was elected chairman of the board of the All-Russian Society of Pediatricians in 1974 and was then elected its chairman at three more congresses. The activities of the All-Union and All-Russian Societies of Pediatric Physicians contributed to the improvement of the quality of medical and preventive and specialized care for children, the introduction of new medical and organizational technologies in the theory and practice of Pediatrics, and the positive dynamics of children’s health indices.
TREATMENT OF ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS IN CHILDREN IN CONDITIONS OF THE PEDIATRIC DISTRICT
Authors: Sukhorukova Diana N. , Kuznetsova T. A.
Published: July 2019

The data of the prospective study is presented. In conditions of the pediatric district, the population prevalence rate of acute bronchiolitis in children under two years was calculated to be 107 per 1000 cases. Two groups of children with mild and moderate bronchiolitis were examined: 52 patients were randomized to receive 3% or 0.9% sodium chloride solution; children of the comparison group from the adjacent section of the same polyclinic received antibiotics (15 children) and inhalation of berodual with saline (21 children). The evaluation of the severity of the course, the effectiveness of treatment, indications for the hospitalization were executed with the use of pulse oximetry and the Kristjansson scale. The clinical effectiveness of the use of hypertonic (3%) sodium chloride solution in the form of inhalations with the help of a compressor nebulizer as an adequate, safe and economical means of monotherapy in the mild and moderate course of acute bronchiolitis in children on an outpatient basis has been established