bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterials for Radiation Therapy
Authors: Sheng Ke , Yang Wensha
Published: February 2011

The sections in this article are

Introduction

A Brief Introduction to Radiation Therapy, and its Limitations

Physical Radiosensitizers

Enhanced Radiation Therapy Using HighZbut Non‐Nanoscaled Materials

Enhanced Radiation Therapy by Gold Nanoparticles

Dose Enhancement of Physical Radiosensitizers

Radiation Therapy Enhancement Using Nonionizing Radiation

Radiation Therapy in Combination with Photodynamic Therapy Using Semiconductor Nanoparticles as the Energy Mediator

Photodynamic Therapy

Semiconductor Nanoparticles as the Energy Mediator for Photodynamic Therapy

Quantum Dots

Photoluminescent Nanoparticles in Radiation Therapy

Nanobrachytherapy

Liposomes

Nanoparticles

Dendrimers

Nanoparticles as Radioprotectors

Radiation Dosimeters Using Semiconductor Nanomaterials

Conclusions
Prospects of Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Biju Vasudevanpillai , Mundayoor Sathish , Anas Abdulaziz , Ishikawa Mitsuru
Published: February 2011

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Basic Principles and Challenges inPDT

Advantages of Quantum Dots forPDT

Synthesis of Quantum Dots

Synthesis of VisibleQDs

Synthesis of Cadmium‐BasedQDs

Synthesis of InPQDs

Synthesis ofNIRQDs

Synthesis of Core‐OnlyNIRQDs

Synthesis of Core–ShellQDs

Synthesis of CdTe/CdSeQDs

Optical Properties of Quantum Dots

Absorption and Fluorescence Properties

Photostability ofQDs

Two‐Photon Absorption byQDs

Preparation of Biocompatible Quantum Dots

Nontargeted Intracellular Delivery ofQDs

Physical Methods of Intracellular Delivery

Biochemical Techniques

Nonspecific Intracellular Delivery ofQDs

Cell‐Penetrating Peptide‐Mediated Delivery

Chitosan‐ and Liposome‐Mediated Delivery

Targeting Cancer Cells withQDs

In VitroTargeting of Cancer Cells withQDs

Targeting Cancer Cells withQD–Antibody Conjugates

Targeting Cancer Cells withQD–Ligand Conjugates

In VivoTargeting and Imaging Cancer withQDs

In VivoTargeting of Tumor Vasculature and Lymph Nodes withQDs

Quantum Dots for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer

Quantum Dot Alone forPDT

Potentials ofQD–Photosensitizer Conjugates forPDT

Toxicity ofQDs

Conclusions
Quantum Dot–Core Silica Glass–Shell Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Biomedical Applications
Authors: Murase Norio
Published: February 2011

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Historical Overview

Quantum Dots and their Incorporation into Glass Matrices

Single‐Particle Spectroscopy and its Application to Biological Systems

Incorporation of Quantum Dots in Glass Beads for Bioapplications

The Stöber Method

Reverse Micelle Method

Bifunctional Glass Beads Derived from the Reverse Micelle Method

Complex Structures Created in Small Glass Beads with Novel Photoluminescent Properties

Emitting Glass Fibers Created by Self‐Assembly of the Complex Structured Beads

Preparation of Cadmium‐Free Quantum Dots With Water Dispersibility

Summary and Future Perspective

Acknowledgments
Ultrasonography for detecting enthesitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Jousse‐Joulin Sandrine , Breton Sylvain , Cangemi Claire , Fenoll Bertrand , Bressolette Luc , de Parscau Loic , Saraux Alain , Devauchelle‐Pensec Valérie
Published: February 2011

Objective

Enthesitis is a major feature of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) but is difficult to diagnose clinically. Our objective was to compare the accuracy of ultrasonography with power Doppler (US‐PD) versus clinical examination for diagnosing enthesitis in patients with JIA and healthy controls.

Methods

Twenty‐six consecutive patients with JIA and 41 healthy volunteers underwent standardized clinical and US‐PD examinations of 5 entheseal sites (proximal and distal quadricepital tendon insertions, Achilles tendon, and plantar fascia). US‐PD reproducibility was evaluated. US‐PD enthesitis was defined as a PD signal at the enthesis insertion. Bursitis, erosions, and cartilage vascularization were recorded.

Results

In the JIA group, 27 (12.5%) of the entheseal sites exhibited clinical enthesitis (distal patellar ligament in 45% of cases) and 20 (9.4%) exhibited US‐PD enthesitis (distal patellar tendon in 30%), including 10 clinically normal sites (50%). US‐PD enthesitis was found in several patients with oligoarthritis or polyarthritis. Clinical enthesitis (P < 0.0001) and HLA–B27–positive (P = 0.05) status were significantly associated with US‐PD enthesitis. Erosion and bursitis, but not tendon thickening, were associated with US‐PD enthesitis. US‐PD enthesitis was not found at any of the 410 entheseal sites in controls; grade 1 cartilage vascularization was noted at 6% of the control sites.

Conclusion

Enthesitis is a rare phenomenon in JIA. Clinically silent enthesitis is detected by US‐PD and can be found in JIA categories other than enthesitis‐related arthritis. Tendon thickening and cartilage vascularization can be detected in healthy controls. These findings may have implications for patient classification of the use of US‐PD.
Using the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale to screen for depression in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Julian Laura J. , Gregorich Steven E. , Tonner Chris , Yazdany Jinoos , Trupin Laura , Criswell Lindsey A. , Yelin Ed , Katz Patricia P.
Published: February 2011

Objective

Identifying persons with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at risk for depression would facilitate the identification and treatment of an important comorbidity conferring additional risk for poor outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of a brief screening measure, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), in detecting mood disorders in persons with SLE.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study examined 150 persons with SLE. Screening cut points were empirically derived using threshold selection methods, and receiver operating characteristic curves were estimated. The empirically derived cut points of the CES‐D were used as the screening measures and were compared to other commonly used CES‐D cut points in addition to other commonly used methods to screen for depression. Diagnoses of major depressive disorder or other mood disorders were determined using a “gold standard” structured clinical interview.

Results

Of the 150 persons with SLE, 26% of subjects met criteria for any mood disorder and 17% met criteria for major depressive disorder. Optimal threshold estimations suggested a CES‐D cut score of 24 and above, which yielded adequate sensitivity and specificity in detecting major depressive disorder (88% and 93%, respectively) and correctly classified 92% of participants. To detect the presence of any mood disorder, a cut score of 20 and above was suggested, yielding sensitivity and specificity of 87% and correctly classifying 87%.

Conclusion

These results suggest the CES‐D may be a useful screening measure to identify patients at risk for depression.
Randomized comparison of a multidisciplinary team care program with usual care in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Schouffoer A. A. , Ninaber M. K. , Beaart‐van de Voorde L. J. J. , van der Giesen F. J. , de Jong Z. , Stolk J. , Voskuyl A. E. , Scherptong R. W. C. , van Laar J. M. , Schuerwegh A. J. M. , Huizinga T. W. J. , Vlieland T. P. M. Vliet
Published: February 2011

Objective

To compare the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary team care program with usual outpatient care in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma).

Methods

We performed a randomized controlled trial comparing a 12‐week multidisciplinary team care program (1 day per week; individual treatments, group exercises, and group education) with outpatient clinic care. Outcome measures included the Hand Mobility in Scleroderma (HAMIS) test, grip strength, maximal mouth opening (MMO), 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD), maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max), Checklist Individual Strength 20 (CIS‐20), SSc Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Short Form 36 (SF‐36), assessed at 0, 12, and 24 weeks. Statistical comparisons of change scores were done by analysis of covariance.

Results

Twenty‐eight patients were assigned to the intervention group (mean age 53.9 years, 15 of 28 with diffuse SSc) and 25 were assigned to the control group (mean age 51.7 years, 15 of 25 with diffuse SSc). Twenty‐five patients (89%) in the intervention group completed the treatment program. At 12 weeks, there was a significantly greater improvement in grip strength (2.2 versus −1.8 kg; P = 0.001), MMO (1.4 versus −0.9 mm; P = 0.011), 6MWD (42.8 versus 3.9 meters; P = 0.021), and HAQ score (−0.18 versus 0.13; P = 0.025) in the intervention group, whereas differences for the other outcome measures did not reach significance. At 24 weeks, the effect on grip strength persisted.

Conclusion

In patients with SSc, a 12‐week multidisciplinary day patient treatment program was more effective than regular outpatient care with respect to 6MWD, grip strength, MMO, and HAQ score, but not for VO2max, HAMIS test, CIS‐20, SF‐36, and visual analog scale for pain. This study provides a first step in quantifying the effect of a multidisciplinary team care program and warrants the conduct of further intervention studies.
Estimation of minimum clinically important difference for pain in fibromyalgia
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Spaeth Michael , Clauw Daniel J. , Arnold Lesley M. , Bradley Laurence A. , Russell I. Jon , Kajdasz Daniel K. , Walker Daniel J. , Chappell Amy S.
Published: February 2011

Objective

To estimate the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for several pain measures obtained from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) for patients with fibromyalgia.

Methods

Data were pooled across 12‐week treatment periods from 4 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of duloxetine for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Each study enrolled subjects with American College of Rheumatology–defined fibromyalgia who presented with moderate to severe pain. The MCIDs for the BPI average pain item score and the BPI severity score (the mean of the BPI pain scale values: right now, average, least, and worst) were estimated by anchoring against the Patient's Global Impressions of Improvement scale.

Results

The anchor‐based MCIDs for the BPI average pain item and severity scores were 2.1 and 2.2 points, respectively. These MCIDs correspond to 32.3% and 34.2% reductions from baseline in scores.

Conclusion

In these analyses, the MCIDs for several pain measures obtained from the BPI were similar (∼2 points) and corresponded to a 30–35% improvement from baseline to end point. These findings may be beneficial for use in designing clinical trials in which the BPI is used to evaluate improvements in pain severity.
Modeling the influences of pressure and velocity variations on the microwave‐induced pyrolysis of wood
Authors: Tarchini R. , Galgano A. , Di Blasi C.
Published: February 2011

A detailed two‐dimensional mathematical model is studied for the unsteady heat‐and mass‐transfer equations coupled with a quasi‐steady formulation of the electromagnetic field for the microwave‐induced pyrolysis of a wood block. The aspects examined include the description of the flow field based on either the assumption of constant pressure and one‐dimensional flow velocity directed along the wood fibers or the linked two‐dimensional variation of pressure and velocity in accordance with the Darcy law and deviations from the assumptions of local thermal equilibrium between the solid and gas/vapor phase. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 52: 610–624, 2012
Morphological characterization of a brown lemur hybrid zone (Eulemur rufifrons × E. cinereiceps)
Authors: Delmore Kira E. , Louis Edward E. , Johnson Steig E.
Published: February 2011

Hybridization has recently been identified as a pervasive force in the evolution of primates. In this study, we characterized a hybrid zone between two species of brown lemur (Eulemur rufifrons and E. cinereiceps) in the Andringitra region of southeastern Madagascar using morphological traits. We immobilized animals along a north‐south transect (∼80 km), scored them for their degree of hybridity using pelage traits and measured standard morphometric variables. Results from our study suggest that hybridization between E. rufifrons and E. cinereiceps is extensive, with the hybrid zone extending over 42.6 km and being composed mostly of later generation hybrids. We also identified significant variation between ancestral groups in our study: hybrid males exhibited longer tails than both parental species and sexual dimorphism in upper canine height favoring males was documented in E. rufifrons. These patterns could suggest that gene flow between parental and hybrid populations is relatively limited. Finally, significant differences between ancestral groups in relative body mass and skin‐fold thickness were absent in our study, indicating that, as measured by these proxies, hybrids are equally as fit as parental forms. Based on these preliminary findings, the Andringitra hybrid zone could conform to the bounded superiority model of hybrid zone stability (i.e., it could be being maintained by selection favoring hybrids within transitional habitats). Accordingly, hybrids in Andringitra may be an unusual case among primates, representing a stable recombinant but distinct lineage. This conclusion has important implications for evolutionary processes within the brown lemur species complex. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of ozone and ultrasound on the fiber properties of angora rabbit
Authors: Perincek S. , Bahtiyari M.İ. , Körlü A. E. , Duran K.
Published: February 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of novel treatment techniques (ozone and ultrasound) on the dyeability of Angora rabbit fiber. For this purpose, the effects of the ozonation time and fiber moisture during ozonation on the dyeing properties of Angora rabbit fiber were researched. Also, dyeing was performed conventionally and with the use of ultrasound techniques after ozonation; these were compared in terms of the color yields. Consequently, it was found that the ozonation process and dyeing with power ultrasound improved the dyeability of Angora rabbit fiber significantly. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis, spectral, and thermal characterization of photosensitive poly(ether–ester)s containing α,β‐unsaturated ketone moieties in the main chain derived from 2,6‐bis[4‐(3‐hydroxypropyloxy)‐3‐methoxybenzylidene]cyclohexanone
Authors: Balaji K. , Murugavel S. C.
Published: February 2011

A series of photosensitive poly(ether–ester)s containing α,β‐unsaturated ketone moieties in the main chain were synthesized from 2,6‐bis[4‐(3‐hydroxypropyloxy)‐3‐methoxybenzylidene]cyclohexanone (BHPMBCH) and aliphatic and aromatic diacid chlorides. The diol precursor, BHPMBCH, was synthesized from 2,6‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone and 3‐bromo‐1‐propanol. The solubility of the polymers was tested in various solvents. The intrinsic viscosity of the synthesized polymers, determined by an Oswald viscometer, was found to be 0.06–0.80 g/dL. The molecular structures of the monomer and polymers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet–visible, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectral analyses. The thermal properties were studied with thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The thermogravimetric analysis data revealed that the polymers were stable up to 220°C and started degrading thereafter. The thermal stability initially increased with increasing spacer length and then decreased due to negative effects of the spacer. The self‐extinguishing properties of the synthesized polymers were studied by the determination of the limiting oxygen index values with Van Krevelen's equation. In addition, the photocrosslinking properties of the polymer chain were studied with UV spectroscopy, and we observed that the rate of photocrosslinking increased significantly with increasing methylene carbon chain length of the acid spacer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Artesunate and artelinic acid: association of embryotoxicity, reticulocytopenia, and delayed stimulation of hematopoiesis in pregnant rats
Authors: Clark Robert L. , Brannen Kimberly C. , Sanders James E. , Hoberman Alan M.
Published: February 2011

The artemisinin antimalarials cause embryo death and malformations in animals by killing embryonic erythroblasts. Groups of pregnant rats (N = 4) were administered 35 and 48 µmol/kg artesunate and 17.2, 28.7, 48, 96, and 191 µmol/kg artelinic acid as a single oral dose on gestational day (GD) 12. Litters were examined on GD21. The ED50 for embryo death with artelinic acid (23.4 µmol/kg) was just slightly lower than that for decreased reticulocyte count at 24 hr postdose (33.5 µmol/kg) and both had similarly steep dose responses (maximal effects of total litter loss and ∼60% decreases in reticulocyte count at 48 µmol/kg). Results with artesunate were similar. The correlation coefficient between embryo death and decreased reticulocyte count was 0.82 (p<0.01). The close relationship between embryotoxicity and reticulocytopenia is suggestive of a common mechanism—artemisinin‐induced mitochondrial damage leading to cell death. At 9 days postdose, treatment with artesunate and artelinic acid also caused increases in counts of reticulocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, and monocytes (up to 3.7×, 1.7×, 4.7×, and 1.7× control, respectively). This stimulation of hematopoiesis may have been mediated by the direct oxidative conversion of artesunate or artelinic acid to the artemisininyl hydroperoxide within the bone marrow cells or by an indirect increase in reactive oxygen species. The high correlation between embryotoxicity and reticulocytopenia further supports the assertion that therapeutic dosage regimens of artemisinins that cause decreases in reticulocyte count in pregnant women during the putative critical period (approximately postconception wk 3 to 9) are at risk of also causing adverse effects on the embryo. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:52–68, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal TCDD causes persistent modulation of the postnatal immune response, and exacerbates inflammatory disease, in 36‐week‐old lupus‐like autoimmune SNF1 mice
Authors: Mustafa Amjad , Holladay Steven , Witonsky Sharon , Zimmerman Kurt , Manari Ashley , Countermarsh Sheryl , Karpuzoglu Ebru , Gogal Robert
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to the persistent environmental pollutant and model Ah receptor agonist, 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD), has been shown to permanently suppress postnatal cell‐mediated immunity. More recently, skewing of select adult T and B cell responses toward enhanced inflammation has also been described in C57BL/6 mice after prenatal TCDD. This raises questions about adverse postnatal immune consequences of prenatal TCDD in animals genetically predisposed to inappropriate inflammatory responses. METHODS: Lupus‐prone SNF1 mice were exposed to 0, 40, or 80 µg/kg TCDD on gestation day (gd) 12 and examined at 36 weeks‐of‐age for immunomodulatory effects that correlated with worsened lupus pathology. RESULTS: Bone marrow pro‐ and large pre‐B cells were decreased by prenatal TCDD, in both adult male and female mice, as were pre‐ and immature B cells. Splenic CD23−CD1hi and CD19+CD5+ B cells were increased in males, as were B220hi B cells in females, further suggesting persistent disruption of B cell lymphopoiesis by prenatal TCDD. Female mice displayed decreased IL‐10 production by ConA‐activated splenocytes, while males underproduced IL‐4. Autoreactive CD4+Vβ17a+ spleen T cells were increased in both sexes by 80 µg/kg TCDD. Male mice but not females showed increased anti‐ds DNA and cardiolipin autoantibody levels. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal TCDD augmented the hallmark indicators of SLE progression in the lupus‐prone SNF1 mice, including renal immune complex deposition, glomerulonephritis, and mesangial proliferation. Prenatal TCDD therefore caused persistent modulation of the postnatal immune response, and exacerbated inflammatory disease, in lupus‐like autoimmune SNF1 mice. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:82–94, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly Active Cobalt Oxide Catalysts Prepared by SACOP for the Preferential Oxidation of CO in Excess Hydrogen
Authors: López Irene , Valdés‐Solís Teresa , Marbán Gregorio
Published: February 2011

Cobalt based catalysts synthesized by the silica aquagel confined co‐precipitation (SACOP) method and analyzed at high spatial velocities (≈39 000 h−1) for the preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO in the presence of hydrogen showed the highest values of catalytic activity of all the cobalt‐based catalysts described in the literature, together with good values of selectivity and stability. The Co3O4/CoOOH nanocatalysts had specific surface areas of up to 120 m2 g−1 depending on the type of precipitation used. The SACOP samples precipitated by pouring aquagel into the NaOH solution (method A) gave rise to samples with less CoOOH than if the NaOH solution was poured over the aquagel (method B). This difference is ascribed to the migration of cobalt out of the aquagel microstructure during precipitation by method A. Precipitation by means of method B produced the most active catalyst, owing to the larger amount of amorphous CoOOH in the fresh sample, which was formed by the removal of silica from the cobalt silicate hydroxide. The CoOOH is gradually reduced to high surface area Co3O4 in the presence of H2 during the PROX reaction. The mechanisms of formation of CoOOH and Co3O4 by using SACOP are also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereo‐Active Lone‐Pair Control on the Ferromagnetic Behavior in VO(SeO2OH)2: A New Acentric Ferromagnetic Material.
Authors: Kim Sang‐Hwan , Yeon Jeongho , Sefat Athena S. , Mandrus David G. , Halasyamani P. Shiv
Published: February 2011

The title compound is prepared from a mixture of V2O5 and SeO2 using oxalic acid as a low melting flux (autoclave, 150 °C, 24 h, 90% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Syntheses and Tunable Non‐Linear Optical Properties of Heterothiometallic Clusters with [MS4Ag2] Units (M: Mo, W).
Authors: Zhang Jinfang , Meng Suci , Song Yinglin , Zhao Huajian , Li Jianghua , Qu Gaoju , Sun Liang , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi
Published: February 2011

The structures of compounds (IV), (VI), and (VII) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Catalysts for the Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Isomerization of Primary Allylic Alcohols Based on Charton Analysis.
Authors: Mantilli Luca , Gerard David , Torche Sonya , Besnard Celine , Mazet Clement
Published: February 2011

A library of six new (P,N) ligands is prepared and evaluated for their ability to catalyze the asymmetric isomerization of primary allylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Enamides and Application to the Total Synthesis of (+)‐Tanikolide.
Authors: Gourdet Benoit , Lam Hon Wai
Published: February 2011

The reaction yields diols (II) after reductive work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: The Hydrogenation of Molecules with Polar Bonds Catalyzed by a Ruthenium(II) Complex Bearing a Chelating N‐Heterocyclic Carbene with a Primary Amine Donor.
Authors: O Wylie W. N. , Lough Alan J. , Morris Robert H.
Published: February 2011

The title Ru‐complex provides an active catalyst for the hydrogenation of a variety of polar bonds under mild conditions in basic media, reaching a maximum turnover frequency of 17600 h‐1.
ChemInform Abstract: Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane‐Catalyzed Alkylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Benzylic Alcohols: Access to Oxygenated Heterocycles.
Authors: Reddy Chada Raji , Vijaykumar Jonnalagadda , Gree Rene
Published: February 2011

Various dicarbonyl compounds undergo a clean reaction with benzylic alcohols in the presence of the mild title catalyst to provide the corresponding monoalkylated products, e.g. (III), (XIII), and (XVI), in satisfactory to very good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylation Reaction of Alkynylborates.
Authors: Ishida Naoki , Shinmoto Tatsuo , Sawano Shota , Miura Tomoya , Murakami Masahiro
Published: February 2011

The allylation of alkynylborates (I) followed by reaction of the intermediate alkenylboranes with acetic acid leads to mixtures of E‐ and Z‐alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Pt(II)Cl2(DMSO)2‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Polyfluoroaryl Imines.
Authors: Sun Alex D. , Love Jennifer A.
Published: February 2011

A general protocol for the PtCl2(dmso)2‐catalyzed methylation of polyfluorinated aryl imines (I) is developed (9 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Unsaturated Amino Esters in a Ball‐Mill.
Authors: Baron Alice , Martinez Jean , Lamaty Frederic
Published: February 2011

Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons reaction of phosphonate (I) with aldehydes is successfully achieved in the presence of a mild carbonate base to give the (Z)‐isomers as sole or main products.
ChemInform Abstract: The Efficient Synthesis of Carbodiimides Using a Titanium Imido Complex.
Authors: Anderson James C. , Bou‐Moreno Rafael
Published: February 2011

In addition to the synthesis of carbodiimides from titanium complex (I) and isocyanates in an optimized reaction time, a one‐pot two‐step preparation of ureas in high yields from these isocyanates is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Control of Product Selectivity by a Styrene Additive in Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—H Arylation.
Authors: Hiroshima Shun , Matsumura Daiki , Kochi Takuya , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi
Published: February 2011

The selectivity in the mono‐ and disubstitution of acetophenones with aryl boronates (I) is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Heck/Cyanation: Synthesis of 3‐Cyanomethyloxindoles and Their Conversion to Spirooxoindoles.
Authors: Jaegli Stephanie , Vors Jean‐Pierre , Neuville Luc , Zhu Jieping
Published: February 2011

3‐Alkyl‐3‐(cyanomethyl)oxindoles (III), (X) and (XIII), formed by title domino Heck—cyanation reaction, are converted to spirocyclic compounds containing at least two differently protected amino groups.
ChemInform Abstract: NaIO4/LiBr‐Mediated Aziridination of Olefins Using Chloramine‐T.
Authors: Karabal Pratibha U. , Chouthaiwale Pandurang V. , Shaikh Tanveer M. , Suryavanshi Gurunath , Sudalai Arumugam
Published: February 2011

A mild protocol is developed which includes substoichiometric amounts of NaIO4 as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem SN2‐Michael Addition to Vinylogous Carbonates for the Stereoselective Construction of 2,3,3,5‐Tetrasubstituted Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Reddy S. Raja Bhushan
Published: February 2011

The process can be applied to the preparation of various highly substituted furan derivatives including the carbohydrates (XV)/(XVI).
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition of Alkynes, Acrylates and Isocyanates.
Authors: Ozawa Takuya , Horie Hiroaki , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: February 2011

An unprecedented type of [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition of alkynes (I), acrylates (II) and isocyanates (III) is described, affording γ‐butyrolactams (IV) and (V) as mixture of regioisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organocatalytic [3 + 2] Cyclization Strategy for the Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Spirooxindoles.
Authors: Voituriez Arnaud , Pinto Nathalie , Neel Mathilde , Retailleau Pascal , Marinetti Angela
Published: February 2011

Phosphine‐promoted [3 + 2] annulation reactions between electron‐poor allenes and 3‐arylidene indolin‐2‐ones afford a new organocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of the spirocyclic core of oxindolic cyclopentanes with almost perfect stereochemical control.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper‐Mediated 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Pyrazolidinone‐Based Dipoles to Terminal Alkynes to Produce N,N‐Bicyclic Pyrazolidinone Derivatives.
Authors: Oishi Takamichi , Yoshimura Kazuaki , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: February 2011

The simple copper complex acts as an effective precatalyst for the title reaction to produce the products with complete regioselectivity and high diastereoselectivity [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 1‐[3‐(3‐Fluorophenyl) [1,8]naphthyridin‐2‐yl] ‐3‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromenyl)‐1H‐4‐pyrazolecarbaldehydes Using Solid Support.
Authors: Mogilaiah K. , Prasad R. Shiva , Kumar K. Shiva
Published: February 2011

The presented convenient synthesis includes a simple work‐up and exhibits excellent purity of the products.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Antiviral Triterpenes from Aster tataricus.
Authors: Zhou Wen Bing , Tao Jun Yan , Xu Hui Min , Chen Ke Li , Zeng Guang Zhi , Ji Chang Jiu , Zhang Yu Mei , Tan Ning Hua
Published: February 2011

Shionane‐type triterpenes (I) and (II) are isolated from the title herb which is used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cough.
ChemInform Abstract: Applanatines A (Ia)—E (IV) from the Culture Broth of Ganoderma applanatum.
Authors: Fushimi Keiji , Horikawa Madoka , Suzuki Suzuki , Sekiya Atsushi , Kanno Susumu , Shimura Susumu , Kawagishi Hirokazu
Published: February 2011

preliminary studies concerning the antibiotic activity
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ethyl (.+‐.)‐(13,15‐Dideoxy)‐16‐methyl‐9‐oxoprosta‐13(E,Z),15(E)‐dienoate
Authors: Vostrikov N. S. , Loza V. V. , Ivanova N. A. , Miftakhov M. S.
Published: February 2011

by Wittig reaction of aldehyde (II) with ylide derived from phosphonium bromide (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of Stemofurans A, C, and Derivatives.
Authors: Lee Hee Jin , Kim Sung Hong , Lee Yong Rok , Wang Xue , Lyoo Won Seok
Published: February 2011

A synthesis is given for stemofurans A (IV) and C (IX), which can be isolated from Stemona collinsae, S.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Size Effect of Co2FeGa—SiO2@C Nanocomposite Particles Prepared by a Chemical Approach.
Authors: Felser Claudia , et al. et al.
Published: February 2011

The title nanocomposite particles are prepared by addition of silica spheres to a dispersion of Fe(NO3)3, CoCl2, and Ga(NO3)3 in MeOH followed by sonication for 1 h and annealing at 850 °C for 5 h under flowing H2.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, in vitro Antiproliferative and anti‐HIV Activity of New Derivatives of 2‐Piperazino‐1,3‐benzo[d]thiazoles.
Authors: Al‐Soud Yaseen A. , Al‐Sa'doni Haitham H. , Saber Sadeekah O. W. , Al‐Shaneek Reem H. M. , Al‐Masoudi Najim A. , Loddo R. , La Colla P.
Published: February 2011

Among a variety of title derivatives which are evaluated for antiproliferative activity against a large panel of human tumor‐derived cell lines compounds (I) are the most potent analogues in the series, showing remarkable effects on human splenic B‐lymphoblastoid cells (WIL‐2NS) and human acute B‐lymphoblastic leukemia cells (CCRF‐SB).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Bonding of Water to Metal Surfaces Studied with Core‐Level Spectroscopies
Authors: Schiros T. , Andersson K. J. , Pettersson L. G. M. , Nilsson A. , Ogasawara H.
Published: February 2011

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Sulfonamide Motif as a Synthetic Tool
Authors: Wilden Jonathan D.
Published: February 2011

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Berberine, a Fluorescent Alkaloid with a Variety of Applications from Medicine to Chemistry
Authors: Domingo M. P. , Pardo J. , Cebolla V. , Galvez Eva M.
Published: February 2011

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Complexes for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Kacer Petr , Kuzma Marek , Leitmannova Eliska , Cerveny Libor
Published: February 2011

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrazoles as Promising Scaffold for the Synthesis of Antiinflammatory and/or Antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Bekhit Adnan A. , Hymete Ariaya , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din A. , Damtew Ashenafi , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y.
Published: February 2011

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Structures of Radical Ions in Carbon Skeletons: Nonstandard Chemical Bonding by Restricting Geometries
Authors: Gescheidt Georg
Published: February 2011

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Study on Natural Products for Drug Development
Authors: Tsukamoto Sachiko
Published: February 2011

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Visualization of Amyloid Formation Processes on Cell Membranes: Gangliosides as Key Molecules for the Onset of Amyloidosis
Authors: Wakabayashi Masaki
Published: February 2011

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Emissive Pyrene‐Based Fluorophores and Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Sensors Using Pyrene Emission Switching
Authors: Fujimoto Kazuhisa
Published: February 2011

Review: 15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Summary of Experimental Facts About the Soai Reaction
Authors: Gehring Timo , Busch Mark , Schlageter Martin , Weingand Daniel
Published: February 2011

Review: 61 refs.
Droplet Swarm Analysis by Image Processing for Simulation of Extraction Columns with Population Balances
Authors: Mickler Matthias , Didas Stephan , Jaradat Moutassem , Attarakih Menwer , Bart Hans‐Jörg
Published: February 2011

Moderne Methoden auf Basis von Tropfenpopulationsbilanzen erlauben eine schnelle und präzise Berechnung von wichtigen Größen in der Extraktionskolonne. Die Ansätze zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung der Experimente mit Simulationen und Abweichungen im Sauter‐Durchmesser d32 von unter 5 % (Rührkessel 450 mm) und 7 – 12 % (Kolonne 450 mm). Mit Hilfe optischer Messtechnik werden Tropfenschwärme transient untersucht. Die Grenze der optischen Durchlichtmesstechnik liegt bei einer Konzentration von 16 – 20 %, im Auflicht ist eine Konzentration von > 30 % möglich. Die Analyse der Tropfenabbildungen erfolgt mit Hilfe der Bildalgorithmen Distanztransformation und Wasserscheiden‐Segmentierung.
Prototype implementation of adaptive beamforming‐MIMO OFDMA system based on IEEE 802.16e WMAN standard and its experimental results
Authors: Chung Jaeho , Yun Yusuk , Choi Seungwon
Published: February 2011

This paper details the downlink performance analysis of a MIMO (Multi‐Input Multi‐Output) system that combines adaptive beamforming (ABF) and spatial multiplexing (SM) procedures. The combination of MIMO signal processing with ABF is applied to WiBro (Wireless Broadband), the South Korean orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system that follows the IEEE 802.16e standard. Performance analysis is based on the results of experiments and simulations obtained from a prototype system implementation and fixed‐point simulator. Both the prototype experiments and simulations demonstrate that the ABF‐MIMO OFDMA system improves the required signal to noise ratio (SNR) over the conventional MIMO OFDMA system by 3 dB (QPSK)/2.5 dB (16‐QAM) for the frame error rate of 1% in the WiBro signal environments. From the implementation of the prototype system and its experimental results, we verify the feasibility of the ABF‐MIMO technology for realizing a practical WiBro base station. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facilitated intracellular transport of TrkA by an interaction with nerve growth factor
Authors: Nomura Mami , Nagai Takeharu , Harada Yoshie , Tani Tomomi
Published: February 2011

Intracellular transport of neurotrophin receptors together with neurotrophins is one of the key events of neurotrophin signaling for the growth and the survival of neurons. However, the involvement of neurotrophin signaling in the regulation of intracellular transport of neurotrophin receptors has been remained unclear. We visualized the behavior of TrkA, a receptor of nerve growth factor (NGF), by labeling with GFP in PC12 cells. We found remarkable changes of the behavior of TrkA‐GFP upon the application of NGF. Before the application, only ∼37% of the fluorescent dots of TrkA showed translocations along neurites of PC12 cells. After the application, number of the dots showing the directional movement increased to ∼65%. The averaged velocities of the directional movement of TrkA‐GFP dots became higher after the application of NGF. We tested the idea whether NGF binding accelerated the translocations of TrkA by simultaneously observing TrkA‐GFP and fluorescently labeled NGF, Cy3.5‐NGF. The velocity of TrkA‐GFP dots associated with Cy3.5‐NGF was remarkably higher than that of TrkA‐GFP dots without Cy3.5‐NGF. On the basis of these observations, we hypothesize that there is a signaling mechanism within a single vesicle that facilitates the intracellular transport of each vesicle containing the activated TrkA. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 634–649, 2011
Facultative stem cells in liver and pancreas: Fact and fancy
Authors: Yanger Kilangsungla , Stanger Ben Z.
Published: February 2011

Tissue turnover is a regular feature of higher eukaryotes, either as part of normal wear and tear (homeostasis) or in response to injury (regeneration). Cell replacement is achieved either through replication of existing cells or differentiation from a self‐renewing pool of stem cells. The major distinction regards cellular potential, because stem cells by definition have a capacity to differentiate, while replication implies that cells adopt a single fate under physiologic conditions. A hybrid model, the facultative stem cell (FSC) model, posits that tissues contain cells that normally exhibit unipotency but have the capacity to function as stem cells upon injury. The FSC paradigm is well established in urodele amphibians, but the nature and role of FSCs in mammals is less defined. Here, we review the evidence for FSCs in two mammalian organs, the liver and the pancreas, and discuss alternative models that could account for regeneration in these organs. Developmental Dynamics 240:521–529, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GMAP210 and IFT88 are present in the spermatid golgi apparatus and participate in the development of the acrosome–acroplaxome complex, head–tail coupling apparatus and tail
Authors: Kierszenbaum Abraham L. , Rivkin Eugene , Tres Laura L. , Yoder Bradley K. , Haycraft Courtney J. , Bornens Michel , Rios Rosa M.
Published: February 2011

We describe the localization of the golgin GMAP210 and the intraflagellar protein IFT88 in the Golgi of spermatids and the participation of these two proteins in the development of the acrosome–acroplaxome complex, the head–tail coupling apparatus (HTCA) and the spermatid tail. Immunocytochemical experiments show that GMAP210 predominates in thecis‐Golgi, whereas IFT88 prevails in thetrans‐Golgi network. Both proteins colocalize in proacrosomal vesicles, along acrosome membranes, the HTCA and the developing tail. IFT88 persists in the acrosome–acroplaxome region of the sperm head, whereas GMAP210 is no longer seen there. Spermatids of theIft88mouse mutant display abnormal head shaping and are tail‐less. GMAP210 is visualized in theIft88mutant during acrosome–acroplaxome biogenesis. However, GMAP210–stained vesicles, mitochondria and outer dense fiber material build up in the manchette region and fail to reach the abortive tail stump in the mutant. In vitro disruption of the spermatid Golgi and microtubules with Brefeldin‐A and nocodazole blocks the progression of GMAP210‐ and IFT88‐stained proacrosomal vesicles to the acrosome–acroplaxome complex but F‐actin distribution in the acroplaxome is not affected. We provide the first evidence that IFT88 is present in the Golgi of spermatids, that the microtubule‐associated golgin GMAP210 and IFT88 participate in acrosome, HTCA, and tail biogenesis, and that defective intramanchette transport of cargos disrupts spermatid tail development. Developmental Dynamics 240:723–736, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of spring drought on carbon sequestration, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in the songnen meadow steppe in northeast China
Authors: Dong Gang , Guo Jixun , Chen Jiquan , Sun Ge , Gao Song , Hu Liangjun , Wang Yunlong
Published: February 2011

Global climate change projections suggest an increasing frequency of droughts and extreme rain events in the steppes of the Eurasian region. Using the eddy covariance method, we measured carbon and water balances of a meadow steppe ecosystem in Northeast China during 2 years which had contrasting precipitation patterns in spring seasons in 2007 and 2008. The meadow steppe sequestrated only 64·2 gC m−2 year−1 in 2007 compared to 160·5 gC m−2 year−1 in 2008, due to a severe spring drought in 2007. The 2007 spring drought resulted in a dramatic reduction of leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). However, the meadow steppe still acted as a carbon sink in 2007. The strength of the sink was much greater than that in the typical steppes in Central Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. Spring drought also caused a reduction of plant transpiration (Tr) and total ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET). However, the suppression of ET in 2007 was relatively small in comparison to gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) reduction. Thus, ecosystem water use efficiency (WEU) (GEP/ET) in 2007 was reduced to 5·0 gCO2 kg−1 H2O or 75% of that of 2008. We concluded that spring drought detrimentally impacted meadow steppe ecosystem by reducing leaf areas, biomass, GEP, WUE and associated increases in soil evaporation (Es) that might aggravate soil salinization of the Songnen Plain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of fertilization and cutting frequency on the water balance of a temperate grassland
Authors: Rose Laura , Coners Heinz , Leuschner Christoph
Published: February 2011

In large areas of Central Europe, grassland management has shifted from extensive grazing and mowing to highly intensive systems during the past 50 years. Although effects on biodiversity have intensively been studied, little is known about the response of important ecosystem functions, in particular, water and nutrient cycling, to management intensification. We conducted a two‐factorial grassland management experiment (GRASSMAN) with two cutting frequencies (one/three cuttings per year) and two fertilization levels (non‐fertilized/N‐fertilized) in a moderately species‐rich temperate grassland to analyse the effects of management regimes on evapotranspiration (ET) and infiltration (I). Both were measured in the growing season 2009 with small, weighable lysimeters that contained undisturbed soil monoliths and vegetation. Aboveground biomass production (ANPP), belowground biomass, root length density, plant diversity, water use efficiency (WUE), and climatic factors were also measured. Fertilization with 180 kg N ha−1yr−1 increased aboveground biomass production by 50–70% and stand ET by 10–15% (or 20–40 mm), whereas I and ground water recharge decreased by about 50%. Consequently, fertilization increased the WUE of the grassland plants by 20–30%. However, increasing the mowing frequency from 1 to 3 had no significant effect. We found close relations between ANPP, ET and I and conclude that grassland management intensification influences the water balance primarily through fertilization effects on productivity. In areas of Central Europe with abundant grassland, ground water recharge must have significantly decreased with management intensification in the past 50 years. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxygen Coordination to the Active Site of Hmd in Relation to [FeFe] Hydrogenase
Authors: Stiebritz Martin T. , Finkelmann Arndt R. , Reiher Markus
Published: February 2011

The application of [FeFe] hydrogenases for renewable energy production is limited by the generally high O2‐sensitivity of this class of enzymes. In this work, we report energy differences in oxygen coordination at the active sites of [FeFe] and monoiron (Hmd) hydrogenase as obtained from DFT calculations. Whereas O2 addition is clearly exothermic in the case of [FeFe] hydrogenase, it is endothermic for monoiron hydrogenase. By applying a recently proposed concept [Inorg. Chem. 2010, 49, 5818], which allows us to structurally and electronically relate the two active sites, we show that an inversion in oxygen affinity is observed as a result of mutually exchanging the first ligand sphere of the central iron atoms of both catalytic centers. Modified Hmd active sites can bind O2 exothermically, whereas O2 addition to the altered H‐cluster variants is less exothermic than in the wild‐type configuration. Our results show that oxygen affinity is not very strong when measured in terms of the coordination energy. Hence, changes in the first ligand shell of the reactive iron atoms with retention of the similarity of the ligand spheres, that is, having the same type of ligands in the same positions of the coordination octahedron, can render oxygen coordination endo‐ or exothermic. This observation could explain the difference in oxygen sensitivity of Hmd and [FeFe] hydrogenases.
A Well‐Defined Silica‐Supported Lanthanum Bis(phosphinimino)methanide
Authors: Revel Bertrand , Delevoye Laurent , Tricot Grégory , Rastätter Marcus , Kuzdrowska Magdalena , Roesky Peter W. , Gauvin Régis M.
Published: February 2011

Grafting of the bis(phosphinimino)methanide complex [La{CH(PPh2NSiMe3)2}{N(SiHMe2)2}2] (1) onto dehydroxylated silica (SiO2‐700) affords material 2. Full characterization of this material by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and multinuclear, multidimensional solid‐state NMR spectroscopy showed formation of well‐defined bis(phosphinimino)methanide amido surface species, [(≡SiO)La{CH(PPh2NSiMe3)2}{N(SiHMe2)2}], along with [≡SiOSiHMe2] sites.
Stable 3‐Imino‐2,3‐dihydroindazol‐1‐yl Radicals
Authors: Quast Helmut , Philipp Gottfried , Ross Karl‐Heinz , Doht Ulrich M.
Published: February 2011

Oxidation of 2‐tert‐butyl‐3‐(tert‐butylamino)‐2H‐indazoles with lead(IV) oxide yields red, stable radicals, which can be distilled under high vacuum and recrystallized. They revert to their precursors on Pd‐catalysed hydrogenation. Configuration and atomic distances were obtained by X‐ray diffraction analysis. EPR hfc constants were assigned with the help of 15N labeling and exchange of a phenyl hydrogen atom for a tert‐butyl group. The X‐ray and EPR results show that the novel radicals are to be considered as cyclic hydrazyl radicals, modified by delocalization of the unpaired electron involving the exocyclic imino group and the benzene ring.
Self‐esteem is dominated by agentic over communal information
Authors: Wojciszke Bogdan , Baryla Wieslaw , Parzuchowski Michal , Szymkow Aleksandra , Abele Andrea E.
Published: February 2011

We present a Double Perspective Model (DPM) explaining why agency (competence) and communion (warmth) constitute two basic content dimensions of social cognition. Every social action involves two perspectives: of the agent (a person who performs an action) and of the recipient (a person at whom the action is directed). Immediate cognitive goals of the agent and recipient differ, which results in heightened accessibility and weight of content referring either to agency (from the agent's perspective) or to communion (from the recipient's perspective). DPM explains why evaluations of other persons are dominated by communal over agentic considerations and allows a novel hypothesis that self‐esteem is dominated by agentic over communal information. We present several studies supporting this hypothesis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.