bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La granodiorita orbicular del Cordón de Lila, región de Antofagasta, Chile
Authors: Niemeyer Rubilar Hans
Published: March 2018

The orbicular granodiorite of the Cordón de Lila is emplaced within the Ordovician pluton El León, in the southeastern part of Cordón de Lila. This forms a small pipe emplaced in an aplitic band, near the contact with a roof-pendant of amphibole bearing gabbro. The presence of allanite, considered a tracer mineral in magmatic crystallization processes, in the three facies that constitute the pipe (core, margin and matrix) suggests that the orbicules of this granodiorite are the result of magmatic crystallization that affected the magma that originated the orbicular granodiorite.
Geochemical characteristics of the infilling of ground wedges at Puerto Deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina): palaeoenvironmental and chronological implications
Authors: Zanchetta Giovanni , Ribolini Adriano , Ferrari Matteo , Bini Monica , Isola Ilaria , Lezzerini Marco , Baroni Carlo , Salvatore Maria Cristina , Pappalardo Marta , Fucks Enrique , Boretto Gabriella
Published: March 2018

Ground wedge structures of cryogenic origin are common in the Quaternary sediments along the coast of the Patagonia, and their formation is related to climatic cold events experienced by this area in the Late Quaternary. The infilling sediments of two wedges generations were analyzed in the area of Puerto Deseado. Bulk chemistry (major elements), X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphoscopic observations with Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) and chemical analyses of volcanic glass shards were undertaken to provide indications about infilling sediment provenience, along with chronological constraint for wedge formation. Bulk chemistry and XRD patterns indicate a significant SiO2-enriched composition of the sediment infilling compared to the most of the loess deposits of the North Argentina and the present day dust originated in Patagonia. This was interpreted as due to the nature of the bedrock present over the Deseado Massif. SEM morphoscopic characteristics of glass shards evidence typical aeolian reworking features, with impact structures and indented edges of the volcanic fragments. Chemical analyses of the glass shards indicate that they were probably generated by the H0 eruption (17,300-17,400 cal yr BP) of the Hudson volcano. Volcanological data indicate that H0 eruption dispersed toward NE, but volcanic glasses were available for reworking due to a WNW component in the western wind direction. Over the Deseado Massif structural high the glass shards mixed with sediments enriched in SiO2, and were eventually deflated further to SE reaching the present coastal area and infilling the frost cracks. The age of the glass shards (17,300-17,400 cal yr BP) and that of the sandy layer affected by cryogenic structures (14,670±750 yr BP) well constrain to the Late Glacial both wedge generations.
Autocuidado de los profesionales que trabajan en la erradicacion de la violencia de pareja
Authors: Gomà-Rodríguez Isabel , Cantera Leonor María , Pereira da Silva Joilson
Published: March 2018

La violencia en la pareja es un problema complejo que afecta no sólo a quienes la padecen; sino a quienes trabajan para erradicarla. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer las formas de autocuidado empleadas por quienes trabajan para erradicarla y la función que cumplen. Se fundamenta en el concepto de autocuidado y en los riesgos psicosociales de estas profesiones. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa, para ello se entrevistó a seis profesionales. Los resultados muestran que el autocuidado cumple funciones de desconexión, drenaje, aumento del bienestar e integración de las vivencias del ámbito laboral. Sin embargo, aunque existe un amplio abanico de acciones que contribuyen al autocuidado, éste resulta insuficiente, pues hay algunas barreras que lo impiden. Se propone un modelo descriptivo de estas barreras, donde se destaca la invisibilización de las repercusiones que se sufren. Se recomienda investigar con mayor profundidad los factores de autocuidado hallados, así como las barreras y sean tenidos en cuenta tanto en la implementación de programas de intervención y prevención, como en la formación de los/as futuros/as profesionales.
De la interpelaciones por transparencia u opacidad: La atención a las diversidades sexo-genéricas en Quito
Authors: Guarderas Paz
Published: March 2018

Los servicios sociales en Quito han tendido hacia la especialización de su atención acorde a los grupos poblacionales. Las diversidades sexo-genéricas no han sido una excepción. En este artículo se busca mostrar, utilizando Producciones Narrativas, los modos cómo se ha comprendido en los servicios de atención a la violencia de género a la diversidad sexo-genérica y la actuación psicológica. Los principales hallazgos dan cuenta de una visión reduccionista de la violencia de género lo que ha implica una ausencia o invisibilización de las diversidades sexo-genéricas en los servicios. En referencia a las comprensiones sobre las diversidades existe una tendencia hacia lecturas teleológicas, esencialista y unívocas sin embargo conviven con ciertas nociones de complejidad. Finalmente, se evidencia que la actuación psicológica tiende hacia la normalización del género y el discurso psicológico está investido de tal poder que es decidor en las trayectorias de disidencia sexual.
Diversidades sexuales y de género: Lógicas y usos en la acción pública.
Authors: Gonzalez Barrientos Marcela , Núñez Carmen Gloria , Galaz Valderrama Caterine , Troncoso Lelya , Morrison Rodolfo
Published: March 2018

Durante algunas décadas, la noción de "diversidad sexual" se ha instalado en la discusión científica en Ciencias Sociales. Lo anterior ha sido impulsado por las acciones de movimientos sociales que buscan reclamar derechos sexuales relegados. Entre los movimientos sociales se han destacado lesbianas, gays, bisexuales, transexuales, transgénero, travestis, intersex y queer (LGBTTTIQ); así como grupos que defienden la heterosexualidad tradicional, como contraparte. Esta convocatoria internacional tiene como objetivo problematizar los diferentes usos de la diversidad sexual, respondiendo preguntas como: ¿por qué la diversidad sexual se define como una esfera de políticas públicas y de gestión social y educativa? ¿Qué efectos psicosociales se generan? de estos constructos sobre los colectivos LGTBI, ¿Qué perspectivas teóricas se utilizan en el análisis de la diversidad sexual?; promover "una reflexión crítica sobre la lógica y los usos del concepto de "diversidad sexual" en diversas áreas: políticas públicas, intervenciones sociales, instituciones específicas, sectores específicos y acción colectiva, así como también el surgimiento de nuevos movimientos de identidad social.
Agentes de intervención en programas psicosociales: Tipos de apoyo y efectos según nivel de vulnerabilidad
Authors: Daher Marianne , Jaramillo Andrea , Rosati Antonia
Published: March 2018

Los programas de apoyo psicosocial se centran en la relación entre agente de intervención y participante. La literatura teórica indica la importancia de dicha relación y las características de los agentes, así como estudios empíricos dan cuenta de su influencia en los efectos de la intervención. Sin embargo, tales caracterizaciones son genéricas, sin atender a la diversidad de participantes; y los estudios usan variables definidas a priori que no recogen las experiencias de participación. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar, desde la perspectiva de usuarios de dos programas psicosociales chilenos, la relación que establecieron con sus agentes de intervención, y su influencia en la implementación y efectos de la misma según su nivel de vulnerabilidad. Se realizaron doce entrevistas, analizadas desde la Teoría Fundamentada. Se identificaron experiencias positivas y negativas asociadas al apoyo psicosocial prestado por los agentes, y variaciones en los cambios , sucediendo que para las personas en mayor vulnerabilidad el apoyo emocional fue un medio crucial para recibir apoyo técnico. Se concluye sobre la importancia de que los agentes puedan adaptarse a distintos tipos de usuarios.
Adaptive selection of diurnal minimum variation: a statistical strategy to obtain representative atmospheric CO2 data and its application to European elevated mountain stations
Authors: Yuan Ye , Ries Ludwig , Petermeier Hannes , Steinbacher Martin , Gómez-Peláez Angel J. , Leuenberger Markus C. , Schumacher Marcus , Trickl Thomas , Couret Cedric , Meinhardt Frank , Menzel Annette
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Critical data selection is essential for determining
representative baseline levels of atmospheric trace gases even at remote
measurement sites. Different data selection techniques have been used around
the world, which could potentially lead to reduced compatibility when
comparing data from different stations. This paper presents a novel
statistical data selection method named adaptive diurnal minimum variation
selection (ADVS) based on CO2 diurnal patterns typically occurring at
elevated mountain stations. Its capability and applicability were studied on
records of atmospheric CO2 observations at six Global Atmosphere Watch
stations in Europe, namely, Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus (Germany), Sonnblick
(Austria), Jungfraujoch (Switzerland), Izaña (Spain), Schauinsland
(Germany), and Hohenpeissenberg (Germany). Three other frequently applied
statistical data selection methods were included for comparison. Among the
studied methods, our ADVS method resulted in a lower fraction of data
selected as a baseline with lower maxima during winter and higher minima during
summer in the selected data. The measured time series were analyzed for
long-term trends and seasonality by a seasonal-trend decomposition technique.
In contrast to unselected data, mean annual growth rates of all selected
datasets were not significantly different among the sites, except for the
data recorded at Schauinsland. However, clear differences were found in the
annual amplitudes as well as the seasonal time structure. Based on a pairwise
analysis of correlations between stations on the seasonal-trend decomposed
components by statistical data selection, we conclude that the baseline
identified by the ADVS method is a better representation of lower free
tropospheric (LFT) conditions than baselines identified by the other methods.
Technical note: A simple approach for efficient collection of field reference data for calibrating remote sensing mapping of northern wetlands
Authors: Gålfalk Magnus , Karlson Martin , Crill Patrick , Bousquet Philippe , Bastviken David
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The calibration and validation of remote sensing land cover products are
highly dependent on accurate field reference data, which are costly and
practically challenging to collect. We describe an optical method for
collection of field reference data that is a fast, cost-efficient, and robust
alternative to field surveys and UAV imaging. A lightweight, waterproof,
remote-controlled RGB camera (GoPro HERO4 Silver, GoPro Inc.) was used to
take wide-angle images from 3.1 to 4.5 m in altitude using an extendable
monopod, as well as representative near-ground (< 1 m) images to
identify spectral and structural features that correspond to various land
covers in present lighting conditions. A semi-automatic classification was
made based on six surface types (graminoids, water, shrubs, dry moss, wet
moss, and rock). The method enables collection of detailed field reference
data, which is critical in many remote sensing applications, such as
satellite-based wetland mapping. The method uses common non-expensive
equipment, does not require special skills or training, and is facilitated by
a step-by-step manual that is included in the Supplement. Over time a global
ground cover database can be built that can be used as reference data for
studies of non-forested wetlands from satellites such as Sentinel 1 and 2
(10 m pixel size).
Fire, vegetation and Holocene climate in the south-eastern Tibetan Plateau: a multi-biomarker reconstruction from Paru Co
Authors: Callegaro Alice , Matsubara Pereira Felipe , Battistel Dario , Kehrwald Natalie M. , Bird Broxton W. , Kirchgeorg Torben , Barbante Carlo
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The fire history of the Tibetan Plateau over centennial to millennial timescales is still unknown. Recent ice core studies reconstruct fire history over the past few decades but do not extend through the Holocene. Lacustrine sedimentary cores, however, provide continuous records of large-scale and local environmental modifications due to their accumulation of specific organic molecular markers throughout the past millennia. In order to reconstruct Holocene fire events and vegetation changes occurring on the south-eastern Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding areas, we improved and integrated previous analytical methods. The multi-proxy procedure was applied to samples retrieved from Paru Co, a small lake located in the Nyainqentanglha Mountains (29°47'45.6" N; 92°21'07.2" E; 4845 m a.s.l.). The investigated biomarkers include n-alkanes as indicators of vegetation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as combustion proxies, faecal sterols and stanols (FeSts) as indicators of the presence of humans or grazing animals and finally monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) as specific markers of vegetation burning processes. Relatively high concentrations of both MAs and PAHs demonstrate intense local biomass burning activity during the early Holocene (10.9–10.7 cal ky BP), which correspond to a drier climate following deglaciation. High concentrations of MAs but not PAHs between 10.7–9 cal ky BP suggest a period of regional biomass burning followed by a decreasing fire trend through the mid-late Holocene. This fire history is consistent with local vegetation changes reconstructed from both n-alkanes and regional pollen records, where vegetation types depend on the centennial-scale intensity of monsoon precipitation. FeSts were below detection limits for most of the samples, suggesting limited direct human influences on fire regime and vegetation changes in the lake's catchment. Climate is the main influence on fire activity recorded in Paru Co over millennial timescales, where biomass burning fluctuates in response to alternating warm/humid and cool/dry periods.
ORCHIDEE-SOM: modeling soil organic carbon (SOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics along vertical soil profiles in Europe
Authors: Camino-Serrano Marta , Guenet Bertrand , Luyssaert Sebastiaan , Ciais Philippe , Bastrikov Vladislav , De Vos Bruno , Gielen Bert , Gleixner Gerd , Jornet-Puig Albert , Kaiser Klaus , Kothawala Dolly , Lauerwald Ronny , Peñuelas Josep , Schrumpf Marion , Vicca Sara , Vuichard Nicolas , Walmsley David , Janssens Ivan A.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Current land surface models (LSMs) typically represent soils in a very simplistic way, assuming soil organic carbon (SOC) as a bulk, and thus impeding a correct representation of deep soil carbon dynamics. Moreover, LSMs generally neglect the production and export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from soils to rivers, leading to overestimations of the potential carbon sequestration on land. This common oversimplified processing of SOC in LSMs is partly responsible for the large uncertainty in the predictions of the soil carbon response to climate change. In this study, we present a new soil carbon module called ORCHIDEE-SOM, embedded within the land surface model ORCHIDEE, which is able to reproduce the DOC and SOC dynamics in a vertically discretized soil to 2 m. The model includes processes of biological production and consumption of SOC and DOC, DOC adsorption on and desorption from soil minerals, diffusion of SOC and DOC, and DOC transport with water through and out of the soils to rivers. We evaluated ORCHIDEE-SOM against observations of DOC concentrations and SOC stocks from four European sites with different vegetation covers: a coniferous forest, a deciduous forest, a grassland, and a cropland. The model was able to reproduce the SOC stocks along their vertical profiles at the four sites and the DOC concentrations within the range of measurements, with the exception of the DOC concentrations in the upper soil horizon at the coniferous forest. However, the model was not able to fully capture the temporal dynamics of DOC concentrations. Further model improvements should focus on a plant- and depth-dependent parameterization of the new input model parameters, such as the turnover times of DOC and the microbial carbon use efficiency. We suggest that this new soil module, when parameterized for global simulations, will improve the representation of the global carbon cycle in LSMs, thus helping to constrain the predictions of the future SOC response to global warming.
Carbon-nitrogen coupling under three schemes of model representation:
Traceability analysis
Authors: Du Zhenggang , Weng Ensheng , Xia Jianyang , Jiang Lifen , Luo Yiqi , Zhou Xuhui
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The interaction between terrestrial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles has been incorporated into more and more land surface models. However, the scheme of C-N coupling differs greatly among models, and how these diverse representations of C-N interactions will affect C-cycle modeling remains unclear. In this study, we explored how the simulated ecosystem C storage capacity in the terrestrial ecosystem (TECO) model varies with three different commonly-used schemes of C-N coupling. The three schemes (SM1, SM2, and SM3) have been used in three different coupled C-N models (i.e., TECO-CN 2.0, CLM 4.5, and O-CN, respectively). They differ mainly in the stoichiometry of C and N in vegetation and soils, plant N uptake strategies, pathways of N import, and the competition between plants and microbes for soil mineral N. We incorporated them into the C-only version of TECO model, and evaluated their impacts on the C cycle with a traceability framework. Our results showed that all of the three C-N schemes resulted in significant reductions in steady-state C storage capacity compared with the C-only version, but the magnitude varied with −23 %, −30 % and −54 % for SM1, SM2, SM3, respectively. The reduced C storage capacity is the combination of decreases in net primary productivity (NPP) by −29 %, −15 % and −45 % with changes of mean C residence time (MRT) by 9 %, −17 % and −17 % for SM1, SM2, and SM3, respectively. The divergent NPP are mainly attributed to the different assumptions on plant N uptake, plant tissue C:N ratio, down-regulation photosynthesis, and biological N fixation. In comparison, the alternative representations of the plant and microbe competition strategy and the plant N uptake, combining with the flexible C:N ratio in vegetation and soils, led to a notable spread MRT. These results highlight that the diverse assumptions on N process representation among different C-N coupled models could cause additional uncertainty to land surface models. Understanding their difference can help us to improve the capability of models to predict future biogeochemical cycles on land.
Wetlands inform how climate extremes influence surface water expansion and contraction
Authors: Vanderhoof Melanie K. , Lane Charles R. , McManus Michael G. , Alexander Laurie C. , Christensen Jay R.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Effective monitoring and prediction of flood and drought events
requires an improved understanding of how and why surface water expansion and
contraction in response to climate varies across space. This paper sought to
(1) quantify how interannual patterns of surface water expansion and
contraction vary spatially across the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) and
adjacent Northern Prairie (NP) in the United States, and (2) explore how
landscape characteristics influence the relationship between climate inputs
and surface water dynamics. Due to differences in glacial history, the PPR
and NP show distinct patterns in regards to drainage development and wetland
density, together providing a diversity of conditions to examine
surface water dynamics. We used Landsat imagery to characterize variability
in surface water extent across 11 Landsat path/rows representing the PPR and
NP (images spanned 1985–2015). The PPR not only experienced a 2.6-fold
greater surface water extent under median conditions relative to the NP, but
also showed a 3.4-fold greater change in surface water extent between drought
and deluge conditions. The relationship between surface water extent and
accumulated water availability (precipitation minus potential
evapotranspiration) was quantified per watershed and statistically related to
variables representing hydrology-related landscape characteristics (e.g.,
infiltration capacity, surface storage capacity, stream density). To
investigate the influence stream connectivity has on the rate at which
surface water leaves a given location, we modeled stream-connected and
stream-disconnected surface water separately. Stream-connected surface water
showed a greater expansion with wetter climatic conditions in landscapes with
greater total wetland area, but lower total wetland density. Disconnected
surface water showed a greater expansion with wetter climatic conditions in
landscapes with higher wetland density, lower infiltration and less
anthropogenic drainage. From these findings, we can expect that shifts in
precipitation and evaporative demand will have uneven effects on
surface water quantity. Accurate predictions regarding the effect of climate
change on surface water quantity will require consideration of
hydrology-related landscape characteristics including wetland storage and
arrangement.
Active tectonics of the onshore Hengchun Fault using UAS DSM combined with ALOS PS-InSAR time series (Southern Taiwan)
Authors: Deffontaines Benoit , Chang Kuo-Jen , Champenois Johann , Lin Kuan-Chuan , Lee Chyi-Tyi , Chen Rou-Fei , Hu Jyr-Ching , Magalhaes Samuel
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Characterizing active faults and
quantifying their activity are major concerns in Taiwan, especially following
the major Chichi earthquake on
21 September 1999. Among the targets that still remain poorly understood in
terms of active tectonics are the Hengchun and Kenting faults (Southern
Taiwan). From a geodynamic point of view, the faults
affect the outcropping top of the Manila accretionary prism of the Manila
subduction zone that runs from Luzon (northern Philippines) to Taiwan. In
order to better locate and quantify the location and
quantify the activity of the Hengchun Fault, we start from existing
geological maps, which we update thanks to the use of two products derived
from unmanned aircraft system acquisitions: (1) a very high precision
(< 50 cm) and resolution (< 10 cm) digital surface model
(DSM) and (2) a georeferenced aerial photograph mosaic of the studied area.
Moreover, the superimposition of the resulting structural sketch map with new
Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR)
results obtained from PALSAR ALOS images, validated by Global Positioning
System (GPS) and leveling data, allows the characterization and
quantification of the surface displacements during the monitoring period
(2007–2011). We confirm herein the geometry, characterization and
quantification of the active Hengchun Fault deformation, which acts as an
active left-lateral transpressive fault. As the Hengchun ridge was the
location of one of the last major earthquakes in Taiwan (26 December 2006,
depth: 44 km, ML= 7.0), Hengchun Peninsula active tectonics
must be better constrained in order if possible to prevent major destructions
in the near future.
Shelf sea tidal currents and mixing fronts determined from ocean glider observations
Authors: Sheehan Peter M. F. , Berx Barbara , Gallego Alejandro , Hall Rob A. , Heywood Karen J. , Hughes Sarah L. , Queste Bastien Y.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Tides and tidal mixing fronts are of fundamental importance to
understanding shelf sea dynamics and ecosystems. Ocean gliders enable the
observation of fronts and tide-dominated flows at high resolution. We use
dive-average currents from a 2-month (12 October–2 December 2013) glider
deployment along a zonal hydrographic section in the north-western North Sea
to accurately determine M2 and S2 tidal velocities. The results of
the glider-based method agree well with tidal velocities measured by current
meters and with velocities extracted from the TPXO tide model. The method
enhances the utility of gliders as an ocean-observing platform, particularly
in regions where tide models are known to be limited. We then use the
glider-derived tidal velocities to investigate tidal controls on the location
of a front repeatedly observed by the glider. The front moves offshore at a
rate of 0.51 km day−1. During the first part of the deployment (from
mid-October until mid-November), results of a one-dimensional model suggest
that the balance between surface heat fluxes and tidal stirring is the
primary control on frontal location: as heat is lost to the atmosphere,
full-depth mixing is able to occur in progressively deeper water. In the
latter half of the deployment (mid-November to early December), a front
controlled solely by heat fluxes and tidal stirring is not predicted to
exist, yet a front persists in the observations. We analyse hydrographic
observations collected by the glider to attribute the persistence of the
front to the boundary between different water masses, in particular to
the presence of cold, saline, Atlantic-origin water in the deeper portion of
the section. We combine these results to propose that the front is a hybrid
front: one controlled in summer by the local balance between heat fluxes and
mixing and which in winter exists as the boundary between water masses
advected to the north-western North Sea from diverse source regions. The
glider observations capture the period when the front makes the transition
from its summertime to wintertime state. Fronts in other shelf sea regions with
oceanic influence may exhibit similar behaviour, with controlling processes
and locations changing over an annual cycle. These results have implications
for the thermohaline circulation of shelf seas.
Near wake analysis of actuator line method immersed in turbulent flow using large-eddy simulations
Authors: Nathan Jörn , Masson Christian , Dufresne Louis
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The interaction between wind turbines through their wakes is an important aspect of the conception and operation of a wind farm. Wakes are characterized by an elevated turbulence level and a noticable velocity deficit which causes a decrease in energy output and fatigue on downstream turbines. In order to gain a better understanding of this phenomenon this works uses large-eddy simulations together with an actuator line model and different ambient turbulences imposed as boundary conditions. This is achieved by using the SOWFA framework from NREL (USA) which is first validated against another popular CFD framework for wind energy, EllipSys3D, and then verified against the experimental results from the MEXICO and NEW MEXICO wind tunnel experiments. By using the predicted torque as a global indicator, the optimal width of the distribution kernel for the actuator line is determined for different grid resolutions. Then the rotor is immersed in homogeneous isotropic turbulence and a shear layer turbulence with different turbulence intensities, allowing to determine how far downstream the effect of the distinct blades is discernible. This can be used as an indicator for the extents of the near wake for different flow conditions
Engaging in the Battle of the Snails by Challenging the Traditional Dissertation Model
Authors: Kennedy Brianna L. , Altman Miriam , Pizano Ana
Published: March 2018

Tensions arise with regard to appropriate research preparation and dissertation experiences for students who have as a career goal the conducting of context-based research to solve problems of practice (Hochbein & Perry, 2013; Shulman, Golde, Conklin Bueschel, & Garabedian, 2006). Schön (1995) describes “technical rationality[,] the prevailing epistemology built into the research university” (p. 27), as a primary impediment to programs that attempt to develop practitioner scholars. In this paper, we define technical rationality and explore the epistemological challenges it presents to faculty.  Next, we describe a critical incident illustrating how conflicting epistemologies between programs and graduate schools impact students and faculty. Finally, we make recommendations for policies and practices that could better support doctoral work conducted from a range of epistemological approaches.
Creative and Innovative Solutions to Accommodate the Growth of a Professional Practice Doctoral Program
Authors: Mertler Craig A. , Henriksen Danah
Published: March 2018

This essay describes one institution’s struggle to grow its EdD program by adding an equivalent online version of a successful face-to-face program. One of the challenges faced was that of creating a comparable experience for online students to share their ongoing action research, an activity that had long been part of the face-to-face version of the program. An innovative, all-day, virtual doctoral research conference was developed and implemented. We describe our creative rethinking of the original event, towards a new, successful, and fully-online redesigned event. Although the event continues to be refined, the inaugural event proved to be a successful solution to the challenge of transferring all components of a face-to-face program over to its online equivalent. Feedback from students who participated in the conference is shared, and recommendations for other EdD programs is offered.
Adapted from the October 2017 Convening Opening Address: CPED Beyond 10 Years
Authors: Perry Jill Alexa
Published: March 2018

Adapted from her opening address at the October 2017 CPED convening, Perry offers reflections on the importance of documenting and sharing evidence within the CPED consortium as the organization moves into its next 10 years.
Exploring links between the sustainability performance of urban public transport and land use in international cities
Authors: Currie Graham , De Gruyter Chris
Published: March 2018

Sustainability is a major driver of world policy for cities, and public transport is said to be a more sustainable mode of travel than other modes. But how do public transport (PT) systems in different cities compare to each other? This paper measures the relative sustainability of public transport systems between cities rather than between modes within cities. However, its primary focus is to explore the extent to which public transport sustainability is influenced by land use. Do cities with low-density land use automatically have poor sustainability performance? Do high-density megacities always have good sustainability performance relative to other cities? Does land use mean some cities cannot improve sustainability performance? These are some of the questions this research seeks to explore through an empirical study of land use and PT sustainability metrics using correlation/cross sectional and regression analyses.
Results suggest that westernized, developed countries (Western Europe, North America, and Oceania) have good environmental and social sustainability performance but poor service effectiveness and economic performance. Asia and Latin America perform the other way around, better on economic and service effectiveness and worse on social and economic performance. Eastern Europe is the one region with higher sustainability performance all around. Prague, Dakar and Tokyo are at the top of 98 cities studied, while Dubai, Shizuoka (Japan), Denver, and Johannesburg perform the worst.

Land-use results show that population and job density present the highest correlation with PT sustainability metrics, implying that about a third of overall sustainability performance of public transport in cities might be explained by land use. Higher-density land use improves sustainability performance. A wider range of land-use indicators is more strongly correlated with the service effectiveness categories of sustainability indicators and to less strongly correlated with the economic sustainability indicators, suggesting that Western cities with poor service effectiveness and economic sustainability performance should densify cities to address sustainability challenges.

Policy implications and areas for future research are explored.
The Effects of Organisational Culture on IFRS Adoption: Evidence from Nigerian’ Companies
Authors: Edeigba Jude , Gan Christopher , Amenkhienan Felix
Published: March 2018

This study investigates the underlying factors contributing to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption in Nigeria. The diversity of responses to IFRS adoption is a phenomenon that requires empirical investigation to understand the reasons why some companies adopt IFRS other do not. Previous studies have investigated preparers of financial statements’ compliance with IFRS. However, there is a dearth of research on the influence of cultural factors on IFRS adoption. Little has heretofore has been done to examine cultural variables as determinants of IFRS adoption. This study applies a self-administered survey instrument to elicit data from four major cities in Nigeria. The analysis involves applied logistic regression to estimate the relationship between the covariates and the companies’ decisions to adopt IFRS. The results indicate companies’ professionalism, transparency, flexibility, secrecy, uniformity and statutory control are significant factors impacting IFRS adoption at different magnitudes. For example, a company that considers IFRS will increase the level of financial statements transparency is more likely to maintain some levels of secrecy. The study identifies that IFRS adoption can only be successful when accountants develop the relevant technical expertise in IFRS requirements prior to the implementation. Consequently, there is a need for more practical training in IFRS accounting valuation, recognition, measurement and disclosure of financial information to users of financial statements. The diversity in responses to IFRS adoption, where some companies adopt and others show resistance to IFRS requirements has been a phenomenon that requires empirical investigation to understand the rationale. Though some studies have investigated companies’ compliance with accounting regulations in Nigeria, there is limited research on factors influencing IFRS adoption. A consequence is that efforts to come up with effective policies to enhance IFRS adoption and obtain compliance status for Nigerian companies are constrained. The objective is to contribute to initiatives aimed at assuring foreign investors of reliability of IFRS financial statements prepared by Nigerian companies.
On the Problem of Affective Nihilism
Authors: Creasy Kaitlyn
Published: March 2018

Bernard Reginster has argued that Nietzschean nihilism is best characterized as a “philosophical claim.” This account has inspired a number of critical responses. While Reginster's characterization presents nihilism as a purely cognitive phenomenon, involving particular beliefs about meaning and value, it is just as frequently presented by Nietzsche as a feeling-based phenomenon, a weariness with one's world that comports one negatively toward the world. How, then, should Nietzsche's reader understand the problem of nihilism in his thought? In this article, I examine Nietzsche's account of drives, affects, and the relations he establishes between them to show that nihilism must be understood not only as involving particular beliefs, but as a psychophysiological condition, which I call, following Ken Gemes and John Richardson, affective nihilism.
CLUSTERIZAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE MANEJOS E A CONSTRUÇÃO DE INDICADORES DE SUSTENTABILIDADE UTILIZANDO A METODOLOGIA MESMIS NO TERRITÓRIO PORTAL DA AMAZONIA
Authors: Roboredo Delmonte , Bergamasco Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira , Ara Anderson , Gervázio Wagner , Domingues Thiago Rossi
Published: March 2018

O governo brasileiro apoiou irrestritamente a ocupação da Amazônia Legal com créditos altamente subsidiados para substituir a floresta por atividades agropastoris com a justificativa de que precisava ocupar aquela região para soberania nacional. Deste modo, o governo federal investiu fortemente na região, sem nenhuma preocupação ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar agrupamentos familiares homogêneos e o nível de degradação socioambiental desses clusters na Microbacia Hidrográfica Mariana (MBM) localizada no município de Alta Floresta/MT, situada no Território Portal da Amazônia. Para tanto foram estudados os atributos físicos e químicos dos solos, análise das águas superficiais, realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e aplicação da metodologia MESMIS (Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales) para construção de indicadores de sustentabilidade socioambiental. Na clusterização empregou-se quatro técnicas de Estatística Multivariada, as quais indicaram dois sistemas de manejos na microbacia. Com as 56 famílias pesquisadas foram construídos indicadores para comparar a sustentabilidade entre eles. O marco MESMIS identificou que aquele espaço rural encontra-se muito longe do ideal de sustentabilidade tendo em vista o baixo índice agregado obtido no cluster 1 (35%) e no cluster 2 (35,2%), corroborado pela visão dos atores sociais urbanos que atingiu 40,2%, gerando o índice geral médio de 36,8%, indicando que a MBM encontra-se na condição “não sustentável ou crítica”.
Monitoramento do uso e cobertura do solo em Sete Lagoas e Prudente de Morais – MG entre 1990-2015
Authors: Moreira dos Santos Dalila De Fátima
Published: March 2018

Quantificar o crescimento urbano é fundamental para o planejamento territorial sustentável, pois pode nortear tomadas de decisão relacionadas ao zoneamento municipal. O presente trabalho fez uma análise multitemporal do uso e cobertura do solo e expansão urbana nos municípios de Sete Lagoas e Prudente de Morais – MG, de 1990 a 2015, com base nas informações extraídas de imagens de satélites do Landsat. Os resultados sugerem que a tendência espacial de crescimento urbano destes municípios tem ocorrido pela substituição de áreas cobertas por vegetação e atividades agropecuárias pelas estruturas urbanas. Em Sete Lagoas, a expansão ocorre no sentido do centro para nordeste, sudoeste e sudeste, podendo afetar a bacia do Córrego do Marinheiro, que representa uma importante área de recarga e abastecimento. Sua ocupação por atividades industriais representa um potencial problema ambiental. Este estudo contribui para entender a dinâmica da expansão urbana local e subsidiar o planejamento urbano.
LEVANTAMENTO COM VEÍCULO AÉREO NÃO TRIPULADO PARA GERAÇÃO DE MODELO DIGITAL DO TERRENO EM BACIA EXPERIMENTAL COM VEGETAÇÃO FLORESTAL ESPARSA
Authors: Hung Marcelo Ng Wei Ban , Sampaio Tony Vinicius Moreira , Schultz Gilson Bauer , Siefert Cesar Augusto Crovador , Lange Daniel Ribeiro , Marangon Fernando Helmuth Syring , Santos Irani Dos
Published: March 2018

A representação do relevo por meio dos modelos digitais do terreno (MDT) demanda do conhecimento das potencialidades e limitações das técnicas e instrumentos da aerofotogrametria. O levantamento com veículos aéreos não tripulados (VANT) e câmeras não métricas tem sido amplamente utilizado como método para obtenção de MDT devido a sua facilidade de operação e baixo custo. Entretanto, a geração do MDT a partir do modelo digital de superfície exige cuidados e pode adicionar erros ao modelo. Neste contexto, este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar a qualidade do MDT gerado por aplicação de procedimento semiautomático em área com presença de vegetação esparsa. O modelo foi gerado com o VANT Phantom 3 Professional com altura média de voo de 60 m e sem a utilização de pontos de controle. Para a avaliação da acurácia e validação do MDT foram utilizados 354 pontos obtidos por técnicas de levantamento topográfico convencional. As diferenças altimétricas entre o MDT e o levantamento foram, em geral, inferiores a 0,5 m (R² = 0,99), sendo obtido um erro padrão de 0,29 m e um padrão de exatidão cartográfica de 0,49 m, equivalente a um levantamento altimétrico classe A (1:5.000). Foi ainda elaborado um modelo digital da vegetação, sendo validado a partir de dados obtidos em campo para 54 árvores (R²= 0,87 e erro padrão = 0,54 m). Os resultados evidenciam a aplicabilidade da utilização de levantamento com VANT para obtenção de MDT em locais com vegetação florestal esparsa mediante a validação dos resultados com levantamento topográfico convencional.
Autocontenção à brasileira? Uma taxonomia dos argumentos jurídicos (e estratégias políticas?) explicativo(a)s do comportamento do STF nas relações com os poderes majoritários
Authors: Lima Flavia Danielle Santiago , Gomes Neto José Mário Wanderley
Published: March 2018

Como as cortes justificam sua opção pela autocontenção, isto é, sua escolha expressa ou implícita por não decidir um caso, notadamente na presença de repercussões políticas, favorecendo as instituições majoritárias e preservando os órgãos julgadores de custos políticos indesejáveis? A literatura brasileira sobre a revisão judicial, em Direito e em Ciência Política, debruça-se sobre as noções de ativismo e de autocontenção, estabelecendo seus pressupostos teóricos e analisando os dados que mostram a prática decisória (e omissões) do STF. Inexiste, contudo, um inventário sobre os critérios técnicos utilizados pelo tribunal. Este artigo inova ao oferecer esta leitura: como o STF pode se eximir de julgar? Há argumentos jurídico-processuais que viabilizam esta opção institucional, empregados em sede de controle concentrado e difuso de constitucionalidade por aquele Tribunal. Oferece-se ao leitor, através de uma metodologia exploratória e descritiva do conteúdo das decisões (de natureza autocontida) tomadas pelos membros do Supremo Tribunal Federal, um texto que pretende organizar e categorizar as diversas formas pelas quais o fenômeno institucional da autorrestrição judicial se manifesta na esfera do controle de constitucionalidade.
O ativismo judicial e constrangimentos a posteriori
Authors: Diniz Araújo Luiz Henrique
Published: March 2018

O presente artigo se propõe a analisar o ativismo judicial, expressão de significado impreciso e fugidio no nosso Direito. Após estabelecer algumas premissas para a definição teórica do ativismo judicial, passa a analisar, ainda no campo teórico, que o ativismo demanda limites e que os constrangimentos meramente hermenêuticos (ou constrangimentos a priori) não são suficientemente eficazes. Partindo dessa constatação, passa a analisar limites práticos (limites a posteriori) ao ativismo, como a interpretação evolutiva (incrementalismo) e o respeito aos precedentes. Em sua parte final, o trabalho analisa um julgamento emblemáticos do Supremo Tribunal Federal, correlacionando-o com o significado de ativismo judicial exposto, bem como com a aplicação prática dos constrangimentos a posteriori.
Molecular characterization of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions held at the COMAV’s genebank
Authors: Valcárcel Jose V. , Perez-de-Castro Ana , Díez María José , Peiró Rosa
Published: March 2018

The cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important crop worldwide. In the present study, the molecular genetic diversity of 131 Spanish accessions was analyzed using 23 simple sequence repeat (SSRs). Eighteen of these SSRs were polymorphic; the mean number of alleles, mean observed heterozygosity and mean polymorphic information content were 3.2, 0.065 and 0.229, respectively. Seven SSRs showed a polymorphic information content (PIC) ranging from 0.31 to 0.44, therefore they were reasonably informative. Around 60% of the alleles showed a frequency higher than 0.05, and only one allele in the SSR31399 showed a frequency lower than 0.01. In addition, three accession-specific alleles were found. A high proportion of variation among accessions was obtained. In no case all plants of any accession showed the same genotype and only 18 of 131 Spanish accessions had at least two plants with the same genotype. A cluster analysis did not show any relation with morphological types or geographical area. Therefore, these results demonstrated that molecular diversity of the cucumber did not reflect its phenotypic variability. Finally, this study provided information for the rationalization of the cucumber collection of the COMAV. Morphological traits, origin and molecular data were taken into account to select 47 accessions, six belonging to ‘French’ type, 15 to ‘Long’ type, and 24 to ‘Short’ type. Phenotypic and molecular variability contained in the complete collection was conserved in the selected accessions.
What’s in it for me? Incentive compensation in hospital medicine
Authors: Weaver A. Charlotta , Kulkarni Nita , Cyrus Rachel
Published: March 2018

Objective: Though salary models vary, a portion of physician compensation is often provided as a bonus, or incentive payment, based on clinical productivity measured by the relative value unit (RVU). However, many hospitalists are involved in activities beyond clinical work, either administrative or educational, that may be difficult to measure and recognize in bonus payments. Furthermore, the changing nature of physician and hospital reimbursement necessitates a focus on quality measures not incentivized in the traditional RVU model.Methods: The authors describe a compensation model in an academic hospital medicine program that was initially developed in 2010 and modified in 2013. The model incents clinical productivity and adherence to quality metrics while also promoting nonclinical academic and administrative activities.Results: Implementation of this compensation model impacted the division’s quality goals by increasing completion of discharge summaries, reconciliation of discharge medications, and placement of follow-up appointment orders upon discharge. The impact on clinical and academic productivity is less clear.Conclusions: A compensation model that accounts for academic productivity and quality goals along with clinical productivity may be useful in incentivizing hospitalists in both academic and community-based hospital medicine practices. Future work should focus on whether such a model can be used effectively to address additional targets such as reducing readmissions and preventing hospital-acquired conditions.
Decreased Hip Internal Rotation Increases the Risk of Back and Abdominal Muscle Injuries in Professional Baseball Players: Analysis of 258 Player-seasons
Authors: Camp Christopher L. , Spiker Andrea M. , Zajac John M. , Pearson Dave , Sinatro Alec M. , Dines Joshua S. , Ranawat Anil S. , Coleman Struan H.
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

The relationship of hip range of motion (ROM) to shoulder, elbow, abdominal, and back injuries remains undefined.

Methods:

We assessed hip ROM on players reporting to Major League Spring Training for an organization over six seasons (2010 to 2015). Hip ROM was correlated with player abdominal, back, shoulder, and elbow injury status for those seasons using multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis.

Results:

A total of 258 player-seasons (129 pitchers and 129 position players) resulted in 20 back and 35 abdominal injuries across all players and 28 elbow and 25 shoulder injuries in pitchers. Hip ROM did not correlate with shoulder or elbow injuries. Hip internal rotation deficit of 5° correlated with core injury (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; P = 0.024 for pitchers; OR, 1.35; P = 0.026 for position players) and back injury (OR, 1.160; P = 0.022 for pitchers).

Discussion:

Hip internal rotation deficits were predictive of back and abdominal injuries but not shoulder or elbow injury.