bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DeepMIP: Model intercomparison of early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO) large-scale climate features and comparison with proxy data
Authors: Lunt Daniel J. , Bragg Fran , Chan Wing-Le , Hutchinson David K. , Ladant Jean-Baptiste , Niezgodzki Igor , Steinig Sebastian , Zhang Zhongshi , Zhu Jiang , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , de Boer Agatha M. , Coxall Helen K. , Donnadieu Yannick , Knorr Gregor , Langebroek Petra M. , Lohmann Gerrit , Poulsen Christopher J. , Sepulchre Pierre , Tierney Jess , Valdes Paul J. , Dunkley Jones Tom , Hollis Christopher J. , Huber Matthew , Otto-Bliesner Bette L.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We present results from an ensemble of seven climate models, each of which has carried out simulations of the early Eocene climate optimum (EECO, ~ 50 million years ago). These simulations have been carried out in the framework of DeepMIP (www.deepmip.org), and as such all models have been configured with identical paleogeographic and vegetation boundary conditions. The results indicate that these non-CO2 boundary conditions contribute between 3 and 5 °C to Eocene warmth. Compared to results from previous studies, the DeepMIP simulations show reduced spread of global mean surface temperature response across the ensemble, for a given atmospheric CO2 concentration. In a marked departure from the results from previous simulations, at least two of the DeepMIP models (CESM and GFDL) are consistent with proxy indicators of global mean temperature, and atmospheric CO2, and meridional SST gradients. The best agreement with global SST proxies from these models occurs at CO2 concentrations of around 2400 ppmv. At a more regional scale the models lack skill in reproducing the proxy SSTs, in particular in the southwest Pacific, around New Zealand and south Australia, where the modelled anomalies are substantially less than indicated by the proxies. However, in these regions modelled continental surface air temperature anomalies are consistent with surface air temperature proxies, implying an inconsistency between marine and terrestrial temperatures in either the proxies or models in this region. Our aim is that the documentation of the large scale features and model-data comparison presented herein will pave the way to further studies that explore aspects of the model simulations in more detail, for example the ocean circulation, hydrological cycle, and modes of variability; and encourage sensitivity studies to aspects such as paleogeography and aerosols.
Volcanic ash forecast using ensemble-based data assimilation: an ensemble transform Kalman filter coupled with the FALL3D-7.2 model (ETKF–FALL3D version 1.0)
Authors: Osores Soledad , Ruiz Juan , Folch Arnau , Collini Estela
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Quantitative volcanic ash cloud forecasts are prone to uncertainties coming from the source term quantification (e.g., the eruption strength or vertical distribution of the emitted particles), with consequent implications for an operational ash impact assessment. We present an ensemble-based data assimilation and forecast system for volcanic ash dispersal and deposition aimed at reducing uncertainties related to eruption source parameters. The FALL3D atmospheric dispersal model is coupled with the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) data assimilation technique by combining ash mass loading observations with ash dispersal simulations in order to obtain a better joint estimation of the 3-D ash concentration and source parameters. The ETKF–FALL3D data assimilation system is evaluated by performing observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) in which synthetic observations of fine ash mass loadings are assimilated. The evaluation of the ETKF–FALL3D system, considering reference states of steady and time-varying eruption source parameters, shows that the assimilation process gives both better estimations of ash concentration and time-dependent optimized values of eruption source parameters. The joint estimation of concentrations and source parameters leads to a better analysis and forecast of the 3-D ash concentrations. The results show the potential of the methodology to improve volcanic ash cloud forecasts in operational contexts.
Identifying recharge under subtle ephemeral features in flat-lying
semi-arid region using a combined geophysical approach
Authors: Flinchum Brady A. , Banks Eddie , Hatch Michael , Batelaan Okke , Peeters Luk , Pasquet Sylvain
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Identifying and quantifying recharge processes linked to ephemeral surface water features is challenging due to their episodic nature. We use a unique combination of well-established near-surface geophysical methods to provide evidence of a surface and groundwater connection under a small ephemeral recharge feature in a flat, semi-arid region near Adelaide, Australia. We use a seismic survey to obtain P-wave velocity through travel-time tomography and S-wave velocity through the multichannel analysis of surface waves. The ratios between P-wave and S-wave velocities allow us to infer the position of the water table. A separate survey was used to obtain electrical conductivity measurements from time-domain electromagnetics and water contents were acquired by downhole nuclear magnetic resonance. The combined geophysical observations provide evidence to support a groundwater mound underneath a subtle ephemeral feature. Our results suggest that recharge is localized and that small-scale ephemeral features play an important role in groundwater recharge. Furthermore, we show that a combined geophysical approach can provide a unique perspective that helps shape the hydrogeological conceptualization of a semi-arid region.
From examination of natural events to a proposal for risk mitigation of lahars by a cellular-automata methodology: a case study for Vascún valley, Ecuador
Authors: Lupiano Valeria , Chidichimo Francesco , Machado Guillermo , Catelan Paolo , Molina Lorena , Calidonna Claudia R. , Straface Salvatore , Crisci Gino M. , Di Gregorio Salvatore
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Lahars are erosive floods, mixtures of water and
pyroclastic detritus, known for being the biggest environmental disaster and
causing a large number of fatalities in volcanic areas. Safety measures
have been recently adopted in the threatened territories by constructing
retaining dams and embankments in key positions. More disastrous events could
be generated by the difficulty of maintaining these works in efficiency and
for the changed risk conditions originating from their presence and the
effects of their functioning. LLUNPIY/3r, a version of the cellular-automaton model LLUNPIY for lahar simulations, is presented. The growing
frequency of lahars in the Vascún valley of Tungurahua volcano
(Ecuador), probably due to the effects of the climatic change, has recently
produced smaller and less dangerous events, sometimes favored by the
collapse of ponds generated by small landslides. An investigation is
performed here in order to reproduce such situations in a controlled way by the use
of LLUNPIY/3r simulations. Using precise field data, points are individuated
where dams by backfill, which are easy to collapse, can produce the formation of
ponds; LLUNPIY/3r simulations permit projecting the triggering of small lahars
by minor rainfall events or projecting, in the case of more rainfall, the
anticipation of lahar detachment, avoiding simultaneous and dangerous
confluence with other lahars.
Tsunamis unleashed by rapidly warming Arctic degrade coastal landscapes and communities – case study of Nuugaatsiaq, western Greenland
Authors: Strzelecki Mateusz C. , Jaskólski Marek W.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. On the 17th of June 2017, a massive landslide which mobilized ca. 35–58 million m3 of material entered the Karrat Fjord in western Greenland. It triggered a tsunami wave with a runup height exceeding 90 m close to the landslide, ca. 50 m on the opposite shore of the fjord. The tsunami travelled ca. 32 km across the fjord and reached the settlement of Nuugaatsiaq with ca. 1–1.5 m high waves, which were powerful enough to destroy the community infrastructure, impact fragile coastal tundra landscape, and unfortunately, injure several inhabitants and cause 4 deaths. Here we report the results of the field survey of the surroundings of the settlement focused on the perseverance of infrastructure and landscape damages caused by the tsunami, carried out 25 months after the event.
Quantifying the buffering of oceanic oxygen isotopes at ancient midocean ridges
Authors: Kanzaki Yoshiki
Published: January 2020

Abstract. To quantify the intensity of oceanic oxygen-isotope buffering through hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crust, a two-dimensional hydrothermal circulation model was coupled with a two-dimensional reactive transport model of oxygen isotopes. The coupled model calculates steady-state distributions of temperature, water flow and oxygen isotopes of solid rock and porewater given physicochemical conditions of oceanic crust alteration and seawater δ18O. Using the present-day seawater δ18O under plausible modern alteration conditions, the model yields δ18O profiles for solid rock and porewater and fluxes of heat, water and 18O that are consistent with modern observations, confirming the model's validity. The model was then run with different assumed seawater δ18O values to evaluate oxygen isotopic buffering at the midocean ridges. The buffering intensity shown by the model is significantly weaker than previously assumed and, consistently, calculated δ18O profiles of oceanic crust are relatively insensitive to seawater δ18O. These results are attributed to the fact that isotope exchange at shallow depths does not reach equilibrium due to the relatively low temperatures, and 18O supply via spreading solid rocks overwhelms that through water flow at deeper depths. Further model simulations under plausible alteration conditions during the Precambrian showed essentially the same results. Therefore, δ18O records of ophiolites that are invariant at different Earth's ages can be explained by the relative insensitivity of oceanic rocks to seawater δ18O and do not require constant seawater δ18O through time.
Rock glacier characteristics serve as an indirect record of multiple alpine glacier advances in Taylor Valley, Antarctica
Authors: Winsor Kelsey , Swanger Kate M. , Babcock Esther , Valletta Rachel D. , Dickson James L.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The geomorphic record indicates that alpine glaciers in the
McMurdo Dry Valleys of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, appear to advance
during interglacial periods in response to ice-free conditions in the Ross
Sea. Few records of these advances are preserved and/or subaerially exposed,
complicating the interpretations of regional glacier response to climate
changes. Here, we present geophysical and geochemical analyses of a rock
glacier that originates from icefalls fed by alpine Doran Glacier in central
Taylor Valley. The rock glacier exhibits a trend of increased weathering of
granitic clasts via ventifaction and grussification down-flow. Meltwater
ponds on the rock glacier exhibit variable salinity that ranges from
freshwater to higher than seawater, with the highest salinity pond near the
rock glacier toe. Ground-penetrating radar analyses reveal the feature to
possess a primarily clean ice interior, with layers of englacial debris.
Stable isotopic data from three ice cores support a glacial origin for the
ice within the rock glacier. These data suggest that the current morphology
of the rock glacier is the result of multiple events of increased ice
contribution caused by advances of Doran Glacier, which is the main source
of ice to the rock glacier. We therefore demonstrate the potential of
ice-cored rock glaciers to record multiple advances and retreats of Dry
Valley glaciers, permitting the interpretation of glacial responses to
Pleistocene and Holocene climate change even where direct records are not
present.
Continuing education for systematic reviews: a prospective longitudinal assessment of a workshop for librarians
Authors: Folb Barbara L. , Klem Mary L. , Youk Ada O. , Dahm Julia J. , He Meiqi , Ketchum Andrea M. , Wessel Charles B. , Hartman Linda M.
Published: January 2020

Objective: This prospective, longitudinal study explored the impact of a continuing education class on librarians’ knowledge levels about and professional involvement with systematic reviews. Barriers to systematic review participation and the presence of formal systematic review services in libraries were also measured.Methods: Participants completed web-based surveys at three points in time: pre-class, post-class, and six-months’ follow-up. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographics and survey questions. Linear mixed effects models assessed knowledge score changes over time.Results: Of 160 class attendees, 140 (88%) completed the pre-class survey. Of those 140, 123 (88%) completed the post-class survey, and 103 (74%) completed the follow-up survey. There was a significant increase (p<0.00001) from pre-class to post-class in knowledge test scores, and this increase was maintained at follow-up. At post-class, 69% or more of participants intended to promote peer review of searches, seek peer review of their searches, search for grey literature, read or follow published guidelines on conduct and documentation of systematic reviews, and ask for authorship on a systematic review. Among librarians who completed a systematic review between post-class and follow-up, 73% consulted published guidelines, 52% searched grey literature, 48% sought peer review, 57% asked for authorship, and 70% received authorship.Conclusions: Attendance at this continuing education class was associated with positive changes in knowledge about systematic reviews and in librarians’ systematic review–related professional practices. This suggests that in-depth professional development classes can help librarians develop skills that are needed to meet library patrons’ changing service needs.
Anti/Vax: Reframing the Vaccination Controversy
Authors: Joseph Claire B.
Published: January 2020

Anti/Vax: Reframing the Vaccination Controversy cogently examines the antivaccine controversy by examining the epistemological, social, and cultural elements that shape the debate.
Foundations of Information Ethics
Authors: Natal Gerald
Published: January 2020

Foundations of Information Ethics packs a large amount of thought-provoking material in the 135 pages of the main sections of the book. The authors raise big questions concerning trust, limits, and the extent to which a society is willing trade freedoms for services.
A passion for the profession: a festschrift honoring Erich Meyerhoff
Authors: Homan J. Michael
Published: January 2020

An introduction to a series of essays honoring Erich Meyerhoff (1919–2015), AHIP, FMLA, who was active in and contributed to the Medical Library Association for generations.
The activist health sciences librarian
Authors: Perry Gerald (Jerry)
Published: January 2020

At the remove of 2019, it is hard for many to imagine the sense of apocalypse that was palpable throughout the gay community during the 1980s and much of the 1990s. My professional career was launched at the height of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic, and at the time, saving lives through librarianship was my mission. This Janet Doe Lecture presents my personal story of activism and advocacy as a lens through which to consider the larger story of activism around social justice issues for the Medical Library Association, by groups such as the Relevant Issues Section, now the Social Justice Section, and by the work of past Doe Lecturers Rachael K. Anderson, AHIP, FMLA, and Gerald Oppenheimer. It is also the story of an association that has at times been deeply conflicted about the role of such activism in our niche of librarianship. With anchors in poetry and prose, this is a story of hope through justice, conveying a message of the essentialness of our work as librarians and health information professionals to the mission of saving lives.
Erich Meyerhoff: a man for all medical librarians
Authors: Messerle Judith , McClure Lucretia W.
Published: January 2020

Erich Meyerhoff—recipient of the Marcia C. Noyes Award, Janet Doe Lecturer, and Fellow—was one of the Medical Library Association’s (MLA’s) most illustrious members who contributed to the welfare of MLA and its members throughout his long life. The authors review his life and significant contributions to the health sciences library profession. Erich was a friend and mentor to countless medical librarians and was truly a man for all medical librarians.
Sharing your work by self-archiving: encouragement from the Journal of the Medical Library Association
Authors: Goben Abigail , Akers Katherine G.
Published: January 2020

Self-archiving offers opportunities for authors to more broadly disseminate their work—both in pre-print form before its submission to a journal and in post-print form after its acceptance and publication in a journal. This editorial provides authors with guidance in navigating the rapidly changing options for self-archiving and affirms that the Journal of the Medical Library Association encourages authors to self-archive their work to boost its reach and impact.
BETTER BALANCE OF SILICA-REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER TIRE TREAD COMPOUND PROPERTIES BY THE USE OF MONTMORILLONITE WITH OPTIMUM SURFACE MODIFIER CONTENT
Authors: Fathurrohman Mohammad Irfan , Rugmai Supagorn , Hayeemasae Nabil , Sahakaro Kannika
Published: January 2020

Reinforcement of silica in tire tread compounds is known to reduce hysteresis or energy loss, which leads to a production of energy-saving tires. Even though silica–silane technology has been well established, further development to enhance its performance is still needed. One of the approaches is to use hybrid or dual filler. The use of silica-organomodified montmorillonite (MMT) dual filler in the reinforcement of natural rubber (NR) truck tire tread compounds is investigated. The NR-MMT master batches were prepared by using the in situ organomodified and latex compounding method. Because the surface-modifying agent or surfactant is a key factor in determining the level of MMT dispersion in the rubber matrix, the effect of quaternary amine salt (Q) contents on mechanical and dynamic properties of NR tread compounds reinforced by silica-MMT was studied. The results revealed that MMT and Q can effectively reduce the filler–filler interaction and complex viscosity owing to a good dispersion of MMT and silica in the NR matrix and Q, which acts as a dispersing agent in addition to the silane coupling agent used in the compound, leading to improvement in tensile, abrasion resistance, and dynamic mechanical properties with an increasing amount of Q. Furthermore, at the optimum content of the surfactant used (36 wt%), the silica-MMT–reinforced NR exhibited improved tensile strength (+4%), wet grip, and rolling resistance, respectively, as indicated by loss tangent at 0 °C (+6%) and 60 °C (−15%), while maintaining a modulus at 300% strain and abrasion resistance as compared with the silica-NR reference compound. Such a dual-filler system demonstrates its potential use for tire treads with better performance.
Global climate changes over time shaping the environmental niche distribution of Octopus insularis (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Lima Françoise D , Ángeles-González Luis Enrique , Leite Tatiana S , Lima Sergio MQ
Published: January 2020

In the Atlantic Ocean, Octopus insularis Leite and Haimovici, 2008 inhabits warm and shallow habitats, where it is one of the main targets of cephalopod fisheries. Considering the current trend of increase of increasing sea-water temperature, warm-water species are expected to expand their geographic distribution range. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) is an important tool to help describe likely changes in geographic distribution patterns of a species in many climatic scenarios. To evaluate the changes of O. insularis distribution over time, the Maximum Entropy approach was used, which estimated a suitable climatic niche for Octopus under five scenarios of global climate changes. Six environmental layers were chosen to model the modern suitable climatic niche of O. insularis and four variables were used for past and future scenarios. The ENM in different climatic scenarios showed good validation and pointed out an increase of the suitable niche for O. insularis settlement, from Last Glacial Maximum (21 Kya) up to future scenarios. In the future projections, the availability of species suitable niche will potentially increase in Tropical Atlantic compared to the current distribution. In addition, the modeling pointed out the possibility of an expansion from the species current range to Temperate Northern Atlantic, Temperate South America, and Temperate South Africa. This may cause potential threats, such as possible extinction of endemic species, habitat displacement of native octopuses, reorganizations in the trophic chain.
Exploring the Transferability of FEATHERS – An Activity Based Travel Demand Model – For Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Linh Hoang Thuy , Adnan Muhammad , Ectors Wim , Kochan Bruno , Bellemens Tom , Tuan Vu Anh
Published: January 2020

This paper presents descriptive analyses to investigate the transferability of FEATHERS, an activity-based travel demand model developed for Flanders (Belgium), to a region in a developed country to Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), a metropolitan area of a developing country, using personal and household travel survey data. The transferability was tested by using indicators which represent individuals’ activity and travel behaviors. The results confirm the transferability of the FEATHERS modelling structure to Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), yet all sub-models require recalibration due to the different cultural settings between the two study areas. The differences in transport mode options, land use patterns and individuals’ location choice preferences make transport mode and location choice the least transferable models.
The Effect of Type of Attributes on the Fill-Ability of Accident Reporting Forms (ARF)
Authors: Ahmed Ashar , Farhan Ahmad , Sadullah Mohd , Yahya Ahmad Shukri
Published: January 2020

Accident Reporting Form (ARF) is the basic building block of an Accident Database. Incorrect and incomplete forms result into the formation of erroneous database which contains partial or no essential information required for the statistical analysis of accident data. Policies made on the basis of the results of such databases will have little or no effect on the improvement of safety of roadway facilities. In most countries filling of the ARF is the responsibility of Police/Investigating officers. Due to lack of interest, all the details are not recorded by them. Thus, it is very important to investigate the type of attributes and their respective items filled most. The objective of this study is to evaluate the attributes given most importance by the person in charge of filling the ARF and the items most neglected. The probable reasons for the complete/incomplete recording of the details of certain items were also examined. For this study a total of 642 forms were obtained from the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) for evaluation. Each form contained 91 attributes, as per number given in the accident reporting form known as POL 27. The items were divided with respect to driver, passenger, vehicle, pedestrian, location, road environment, road information and additional information. The fill-ability for each item was estimated in terms of percent filled. The items were evaluated in terms of least and most filled and the probable reason for the complete/incomplete filling of each item was then investigated. It was found that items related to location were most neglected. The second most incomplete items were associated with the vehicle and the driver. While the attributes related to the road and the environment were found to be the most filled. The probable reason for lack of fill-ability of location related items was their placement in inappropriate sections. The important finding of this study is the high number of items in the POL 27 which makes it difficult for the officer to fill the form completely and is the major cause of reduced fill-ability.
Cervical Cancer Screening amongst Female Nursing Students in a Tertiary Institution, in South South Nigeria
Authors: Ella Regina Etita , Duke Emon , Esienumoh Ekpoawan , Nyah Victoria , Uka Victoria Kalu
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION: Developing countries have more challenges of cervical cancer among young women of reproductive age group. Good knowledge and practices of cervical cancer screening (CCS) among nursing students who graduate to become professional nurses can reduce the escalating incidence and high mortality among Nigerian women.

METHODS: The study examined knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening among female undergraduate nursing students in Department of Nursing Science, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Using simple random sampling technique a sample size of 212 nursing students was selected. Data was collected through a researchers developed and validated questionnaire titled Undergraduate nursing students knowledge attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening questionnaire (UNSKAPCCSQ). Simple frequencies and percentages were used to analyze data.

RESULTS: Undergraduate nursing students had good knowledge (93.3%) of cervical cancer screening. The students exhibited poor attitude towards cervical cancer screening as only (26.7%) displayed positive attitude, while majority (73.3%) did not find it necessary to screen. Only (5%) had been screened for cervical cancer while (95%) did not undergo any screening test.

CONCLUSION: Female undergraduate nursing students’ good Knowledge of cervical cancer screening did not translate to positive attitude and practice. Cervical cancer screening education should be intensified for nursing students. CCS should be a mandatory exercise for all newly admitted female undergraduate in the university. Nursing students should be made to participate actively in raising awareness on cervical cancer screening and management.
Code-Switching and Identity: A Sociolinguistic Study of Hanif’s Novel Our Lady of Alice Bhatti
Authors: Akhtar Sumaira , Baig Fatima Zafar , Aslam Muhammad Zammad , Khan Talia , Tayyaba Sunbal , Iqbal Zafar
Published: January 2020

The present research explores the features of code-switching in Hanif’s (2011) English fictional novel Our Lady of Alice Bhatti. The research explores code-switching by applying the Whorfian Hypothesis (Linguistic Relativity and Determinism) through textual analysis of Hanif’s novel (2011). One of the distinguishing features of the novel is the use of two distinct languages (English and Urdu) which majorly cause the implementation of various features of code-switching and code-mixing. The researchers have employed the qualitative research approach during data analysis. The study examines how language influences ideas and identity with the use of code-switching. A comprehensive study or analysis of the relevant literature has also presented in a comprehensive way leading towards a theoretical framework of preferred Whorfian Hypothesis (Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis) in the field of sociolinguistics. The results and findings of the also proves that the writer of the novel consciously/unconsciously utilizes the technique of code-switching of code-mixing to highlight/promote the native/local identity (ies) and cultural values through the code-mixed language. The study would be helpful for the reader to develop an appropriate understanding of code-switching in language varieties.
Decomposition of M/M/1 With Unreliable Service and a Working Vacation
Authors: Patterson Joshua , Korzeniowski Andrzej
Published: January 2020

We use the stationary distribution for the M/M/1 with Unreliable Service and aWorking Vacation (M/M/1/US/WV) given explicitly in (Patterson & Korzeniowski, 2019) to find a decomposition of the stationary queue length N. By applying the distributional form of Little's Law the Laplace-tieltjes Transform of the stationary customer waiting time W is derived. The closed form of the expected value and variance for both N and W is found and the relationship of the expected stationary waiting time as a function of the service failure rate is determined.
Analysis of milk traits in relation to feeding level and organization in a herd of high-yielding cows
Authors: Winnicki Stanisław , Jugowar Jerzy Lech , Sobek Zbigniew , Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska Anna , Różańska-Zawieja Jolanta
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study was to determine factors influencing the balance of energy and protein in high-yielding cows. Daily milk yield, lactation number and month of lactation were analysed. The study was carried out in a herd with yield of 11,000 kg milk/year, on 517 lactating cows. The cows were divided into four feeding groups. They were fed TMR calculated for levels of milk production, as follows: group 1 – for 45 kg, group 2 – for 35 kg, group 3 – for 26 kg and group 4 – for 20 kg. The actual mean milk yield for these groups was 49.1 kg, 38.1 kg, 26.3 kg and 17.5 kg per day. Each group consisted of cows in their first to sixth lactation and in their first to tenth month of lactation. No significant differences were noted in daily milk yield between lactation numbers or months of lactation. As milk yield increased in the groups, the content of fat and protein decreased. The estimated balance of energy, based on the protein percentage in the milk, was negative for nearly the entire lactation in group 1, for the first four months of lactation in group 2, for the first two months in group 3, and in the second month of lactation for group 4. Group 1 was divided into three subgroups according to yield: up to 45 kg, 45-50 kg and 50 kg or more. Energy was estimated to be wellbalanced only in the first subgroup. The balance of energy in the cows was strongly determined by daily milk yield, and to a lesser degree by the month of lactation. Protein, based on the concentration of urea in the milk, was well-balanced in groups 1 and 2. In groups 3 and 4, the recommended level of protein in the rations was exceeded by 10-20%.
Effect of stage of lactation and production season on
fat dispersion in the milk of cows of different breeds
Authors: Wolanciuk Anna , Barłowska Joanna , Brodziak Aneta , Topyła Barbara
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the stage of lactation and production season on fat
dispersion in the milk of cows of different breeds. A total of 738 milk samples were analysed, including
196 from Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian cows, 168 from Jersey cows, 185 from Polish Red
cows, and 189 from White-Backed cows. Milk samples were collected individually from each cow in
two production seasons, i.e. spring/summer (May-July) and autumn/winter (December-March). Three
stages of lactation were distinguished: ≤120 days, 121 to 200 days, and >200 days. The percentage
content of fat and its dispersion (expressed as the mean surface area, circumference and mean diameter
of fat globules) were determined. The stage of lactation and the production season (linked to the
feeding season) were found to strongly influence the content and dispersion of milk fat. As lactation
progressed, the fat content of the milk and its dispersion increased. A significant (p≤0.01) decrease was
noted in the mean diameter and surface area of the fat globules. The fat globules obtained in the initial
stage of lactation were the largest (≤120 days – 2.90 μm). The milk produced in the autumn/winter
season had higher fat content and the mean size of the fat globules was significantly (p≤0.01) greater.
Colour preferences in pigs
Authors: Klocek Czesław , Nowicki Jacek , Brudzisz Barbara , Pabiańczyk Mariola
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the behavioural response of weaners to feeders of different colours. Eighteen weaners, crosses of Polish Landrace x Polish Large White, were observed. The pigs received compound feed in blue, red or yellow feeders, ad libitum. The behaviour of the pigs was observed using an industrial surveillance camera and recorded in a time-lapse system. The number of visits to each feeder, the time spent at the feeder and the amount of feed eaten were noted. The piglets spent the most time at the blue feeder (on average 41 minutes per day) and the least time at the yellow feeder (28 minutes). These preferences were similar in individuals of both sexes.
The Celtic sword with bronze hilt elements from Siarzewo, Nieszawa Commune, Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodeship
Authors: Kieca Piotr , Sobczyk Paweł
Published: January 2020

A  sword with bronze pseudo-anthropomorphic hilt elements typical of the Middle La Tène was found in the Vistula River not far from the village of Siarzewo, Nieszawa commune, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The scabbard was discarded and lost, but the sword is now in the Kujawy and Dobrzyń Land Museum in Włocławek. The hilt consists of three solid bronze elements: the guard, the tang ring, and the pommel.
At present, these elements are separated by empty spaces which were previously covered with elements made from organic materials. The pommel and guard are decorated on the surface with three small circles with a point inside. The blade of the sword is also very interesting. The surface of the sword is covered with a chagrinage decoration. In the middle part of the blade, below the top part of the hilt end, a crescent-shaped, star-like stamp (punchmark) is located. Similar bronze hilts and hilt elements are more typical of Celtic daggers and short swords, hence a sword with these elements appearing a long way north of the main Celtic area is a major surprise and mystery.
Between the Silence of the Past and the Future
Authors: Gruszczyńska-Ziółkowska Anna
Published: January 2020

Archaeomusicological research currently con- ducted at the Institute of Musicology, University of Warsaw, institutionalised thanks to the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant NPRH), gave the opportunity to develop a wider field of research. The project includes not only the documentation of musical instruments but first and foremost experimental studies. We started with completely new research on idiophones (e.g. on the sounds of lithophones and rattles), returned to previously closed topics (e.g. gusli from Opole), and developed reconstruction methods using state-of-the-art technology (e.g. the reconstruction of flutes).
‘Brown-Clay’ Amphorae from Gonio (Apsaros)
Authors: Komar Paulina
Published: January 2020

This paper presents the first study of the so-called ‘brown-clay’ amphorae discovered by the Gonio-Apsaros Polish-Georgian Expedition in the Roman fort of Apsaros (modern Gonio, Georgia) between 2014 and 2018.
In the course of five excavation seasons, 157 diagnostic fragments of these containers were attested, all belonging to variants Ch 1B2 and Ch 1C dated to between c. 50 BC and the 3rd century AD. Thus, they confirm the existence of the Apsaros fortress during the first three centuries of the present era. Both Colchian and south-eastern Pontic containers were found in Apsaros, the latter produced probably in Trapezus. This suggests the south-eastern Pontic provenance of some of the imports in Apsaros, especially until the end of the 1st century AD. On the other hand, local production of containers indicates that the area of the fortress might have produced food surpluses (probably wine), which during the late 1st and throughout the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD were exported to other areas neighbouring the Black Sea.
Roman fort at Cape Aj-Todor (Charax) and its surroundings. A new look at old discoveries
Authors: Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski Radosław
Published: January 2020

Despite many years of research at the site, the Roman fort at Cape Aj-Todor near Yalta remains rela- tively poorly studied. A  better understanding of the discoveries made at the site can be reached by comparing them with the results of the excavations conducted in another fort also located in Crimea – at BalaklavaKadykovka. This text is an attempt at gathering together all the published information about the discoveries made at Cape Aj-Todor. The comparison of the research results from both sites has enabled establishing numerous similarities between them. Both forts functioned simultaneously, and their architectural remains can be qualified to identically dated phases. The final effect of the analysis undertaken by the author is a more complete plan of the fort at Cape Aj-Todor along with its surroundings, processed in a new graphic formula.
Marble relief ‘Nero and Armenia’ from the Sebasteion at aPhrodisias in Caria (Asia Minor)
Authors: Markaryan Hasmik Z.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to an artistic and historical study of a marble relief with a symbolic scene of Nero’s victory over Armenia from the Sebasteion sanctuary complex in the ancient town of Aphrodisias in Asia Minor. The temple complex was dedicated to the cult of the Julio-Claudian imperial dynasty. The artistic and stylistic analysis of the relief was performed in the context of the sculptural program and decoration of the whole complex, and took into consideration other images of Nero in the Sebasteion. Through a comparative analysis of the figure personifying Armenia depicted on the marble relief in Aphrodisias, as well as a series of images on coins and small statuary samples, characteristic iconographic traits of Armenia in the Roman imperial art were revealed. Along with this, the paper presents an in-depth ‘reading’ of this scene within the context of specific epi- sodes from the history of the Parthian-Roman conflict and the Roman struggle for Armenia during the period of 54–68 AD.
Prospections non invasives sur le site de Mustis/Musti (El Krib) en Tunisie
Authors: Misiewicz Krzysztof , Hajji Jamel , Waliszewski Tomasz
Published: January 2020

The objective of the first step of the non-invasive survey carried out on the Mustis site described herein was to verify the possibility of locating archaeological remains and to detect the location of the supposed remains by geophysical measurements (magnetic and electric methods). Magnetic measurements were made with Geometrics G-858 Cesium magnetometer with two probes located on the same horizontal level at 0.5 m distance or on the same vertical level at 0.5 m and 0.75 m above the ground level. The instrument recorded the values of the total vector of the magnetic field strength and made it possible to calculate the pseudo-gradient of its components (horizontal or vertical). Electric measurements were made by means of axial dipole-dipole electrode configurations (parallel) with AB current electrodes with spacing of one metre and electrodes of potential MN (identical spacing) at equal distance D at 4 and 6 metres, which made it possible to record values of apparent resistivity of
the subsoil, with the penetration depth of the current of
c. 2.0 and 3.5 m, respectively, below the current ground level. At the time of the data interpretation, the suspected locations of the remains causing the anomalies were indicated by means of dashes of different colours and thicknesses (depending on the assumed depth of the structures). These indications, transferred on maps, can serve as a starting point for extensive analyses of the entire site and its surrounding area. The first non-invasive surveys carried out in Mustis have demonstrated the usefulness of magnetic and electric methods in mapping the preserved remains both inside and around the city. The obtained results enabled elaborating a strategy for the work to come. It is quite probable that the magnetic method will prove capable of indicating places where vestiges of constructions are preserved, while the electric method will determine the depth and conditions of deposition of localised structures.
History of some antiquities from the collection of Michał Tyszkiewicz in Gródek
Authors: SnitkuvienĖ Aldona
Published: January 2020

The palace in Gródek, one of the palaces built by the Tyszkiewicz family in Lithuania, was located in present-day Belarus, a dozen kilometres from Minsk.
The founder of the building was Count Michał Tyszkiewicz. Built in 1855, the palace remained in the hands of the family until 1918. Among the antique pieces of furniture documented on photographs and paintings are a table and a mirror, today kept in Lithuanian museums.
The mirror, decorated with tusks of wild pigs, was offered to King Augustus II on the occasion of his coronation in 1697. In the middle of the 19th century it was purchased by Michał Tyszkiewicz, who then added it to the furnishings of a tent offered as a resting place for Tsar Alexander during a hunting trip organised by Michał Tyszkiewicz and his brother in 1858 near Vilnius. This event was recorded by journalists and artists on some lithographs.
Impact of the European beaver (Castor fiber L.) population on the woody vegetation of Wigry National Park
Authors: Misiukiewicz Wojciech , Gruszczyńska Joanna , Grzegrzółka Beata , Januszewicz Małgorzata
Published: January 2020

Research on the impact of the European beaver population on the species composition of forest stands was conducted in Wigry National Park, situated in north-eastern Poland. The study was conducted in forest stands on a dystrophic lake of the ‘suchar’ type,� i.e. a dystrophic lake with high acidity and low species diversity of vegetation on its shores, on the banks of a river and a drainage ditch, and in a field environment. A ThermoPro TP8 thermal imaging camera with an uncooled microbolometer matrix of 384x288 pixels was used to confirm that the designated observation areas were inhabited by beavers. In each research area five transects four metres in width were established, where measurements were taken of five classes of trunk damage and two classes of trunk diameter. We examined the seasonal preferences of beavers in gnawing particular species of woody plants. An analysis was performed for each environment. The results indicate that after an average 15-year presence of beavers in the areas, which they inhabited rotationally, the percentage of healthy woody plants was 73.09%. Of the 17 species of woody plants, the ones most readily cut down by the beavers were grey willow (25.19%) and common hazel (32.36%). The analysis demonstrated that the rodents showed the greatest interest in plants with a trunk diameter of <10 cm (98.28%). The river and drainage ditch were the most exploited environments; here beavers cut down 40.27% and 42.70%, respectively, of the available woody plants.
The efficiency of fattening pigs with mixtures containing yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus)
Authors: Sońta Marcin , Rekiel Anna , Więcek Justyna
Published: January 2020

During a three-stage fattening period, 30 weaners, gilts and young boars of a three-breed cross – ♀ (Landrace x Yorkshire ) x ♂ Duroc – were fattened from body weight 27.2 to 117.5 kg. The animals were divided into three groups of 10, a control (K) and two experimental groups (D1 and D2). The pigs were fed total mixed rations and their daily weight gain and feed conversion were monitored. Soybean extraction meal was the only source of protein in the mixtures for the control pigs. In the mixtures for the experimental animals, the soybean extraction meal was partially replaced with seeds of yellow lupine. The proportion of the seeds was constant, irrespective of the stage of fattening, at 7.5% (D1) or to 15% (D2). After fattening and slaughter, basic carcass parameters were determined: hot carcass weight (kg), backfat thickness between the 3rd and 4th rib (mm), thickness of m. longissimus dorsi (MLD) and meatiness (%). Economic calculations, i.e. the differences between revenue (sale of the fatteners) and costs, were performed as well. The introduction of 7.5% and 15% yellow lupine in the mixtures for the experimental fatteners did not negatively affect the results of fattening. Daily weight gains in groups K, D1 and D2 were very good, amounting to 1,056 g, 1,075 g and 1,081 g, respectively (P>0.05). Feed consumption per kg of BW gain was also good: K – 2.72, D1 – 2.72, and D2 – 2.69 kg/kg. The carcass parameters in the groups were similar (statistically insignificant differences). A simplified analysis of production efficiency showed a positive rate of change, i.e. D1 vs. K – 18.53% and D2 vs. K – 8.56%, which confirms the benefits of using yellow lupine seeds in pig fattening.
Finite Element Study of Vacuum Preloading and Prefabricated Vertical Drains Behavior for Soft Soil Improvement
Authors: Apriadi Dedi , Barnessa Ressa Adrian , Marsa Nisrina Aulia Is
Published: January 2020

AbstractFinite element modeling of soft soil improvement with prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) and vacuum preloading behavior was carried out by considering smear effect and equivalent plane strain based on permeability conversion. Transfer of negative pore pressure due to vacuum preloading was modeled by using pore pressure boundary condition at soft soil layer and along the length of the PVD. The soft soil layer was modeled by using Modified Cam Clay constitutive model. Effect of constant and linearly decreasing vacuum pressure along the PVD length was investigated. Furthermore, prediction from this modeling such settlement was compared to Terzaghi 1-D consolidation. Degree of consolidation for radial only and combined vertical radial were predicted by using Barron's and Carrillo's formula, respectively. Numerical evaluation of vacuum preloading-induced lateral deformation compared to conventional preloading was also presented including its comparation with analytical method. Finally, several conclusions and recommendations related to modeling and behavior of combined PVD and vacuum preloading was given.  AbstrakPemodelan elemen hingga perilaku perbaikan tanah lunak dengan vacuum preloading (pembebanan vakum) dan Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan efek smear dan equivalent plane strain berdasarkan konversi permeabilitas. Transfer negative pore pressure akibat pembebanan vakum dimodelkan dengan menggunakan pore pressure boundary condition pada lapisan tanah lunak dan sepanjang PVD. Lapisan tanah lunak dimodelkan dengan menggunakan model konstitutif tanah Modified Cam Clay (MCC). Pengaruh distribusi tekanan vakum konstan dan bervariasi menurun secara linier di sepanjang PVD akan diteliti. Prediksi penurunan dari pemodelan elemen hingga selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan hasil perhitungan konsolidasi 1-D Terzaghi.  Derajat konsolidasi dihitung menggunakan persamaan Barron untuk arah radial dan Carrillo untuk kombinasi arah vertikal dan radial. Evaluasi numerik perilaku deformasi lateral akibat penggunaan pembebanan vakum dibandingkan dengan preloading (timbunan) juga disajikan berikut perbandingannya terhadap metode analitis. Terakhir, beberapa kesimpulan dan rekomendasi terkait pemodelan dan perilaku kombinasi PVD dan pembebanan vakum diberikan.