bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biophysical mechanism underlying compensatory preservation of neural synchrony over the adult lifespan
Authors: Pathak Anagh , Sharma Vivek , Roy Dipanjan , Banerjee Arpan
Published: June 2022

We propose that the preservation of functional integration, estimated from measures of neural synchrony, is a key objective of neurocompensatory mechanisms associated with healthy human ageing. To support this proposal, we demonstrate how phase-locking at the peak alpha frequency in Magnetoencephalography recordings remains invariant over the lifespan in a large cohort of human participants, aged 18-88 years. Using empirically derived connection topologies from diffusion tensor imaging data, we create an in-silico model of whole-brain alpha dynamics. We show that enhancing inter-areal coupling can cancel the effect of increased axonal transmission delays associated with age-related degeneration of white matter tracts, albeit at slower network frequencies. By deriving analytical solutions for simplified connection topologies, we further establish the theoretical principles underlying compensatory network re-organization. Our findings suggest that frequency slowing with age- frequently observed in the alpha band in diverse populations- may be viewed as an epiphenomenon of the underlying compensatory mechanism.
Distinct dissociation rates of murine and human norovirus P-domain dimers suggest a role of dimer stability in virus-host interactions
Authors: Creutznacher Robert , Maass Thorben , Dülfer Jasmin , Feldmann Clara , Hartmann Veronika , Lane Miranda Sophie , Knickmann Jan , Westermann Leon Torben , Thiede Lars , Smith Thomas J. , Uetrecht Charlotte , Mallagaray Alvaro , Waudby Christopher A. , Taube Stefan , Peters Thomas
Published: June 2022

Norovirus capsids are icosahedral particles composed of 90 dimers of the major capsid protein VP1. The C-terminus of the VP1 proteins forms a protruding (P)-domain, mediating receptor attachment, and providing a target for neutralizing antibodies. NMR and native mass spectrometry directly detect P-domain monomers in solution for murine (MNV) but not for human norovirus (HuNoV). We report that the binding of glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) stabilizes MNV-1 P-domain dimers (P-dimers) and induces long-range NMR chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) within loops involved in antibody and receptor binding, likely reflecting corresponding conformational changes. Global line shape analysis of monomer and dimer cross-peaks in concentration-dependent methyl TROSY NMR spectra yields a dissociation rate constantkoffof about 1 s−1for MNV-1 P-dimers. For structurally closely related HuNoV GII.4 Saga P-dimers a value of about 10−6 s−1is obtained from ion-exchange chromatography, suggesting essential differences in the role of GCDCA as a cofactor for MNV and HuNoV infection.
Strong bulk-surface interaction dominated in-plane anisotropy of electronic structure in GaTe
Authors: Lai Kang , Ju Sailong , Zhu Hongen , Wang Hanwen , Wu Hongjian , Yang Bingjie , Zhang Enrui , Yang Ming , Li Fangsen , Cui Shengtao , Deng Xiaohui , Han Zheng , Zhu Mengjian , Dai Jiayu
Published: June 2022

Recently, intriguing physical properties have been unraveled in anisotropic layered semiconductors, in which the in-plane electronic band structure anisotropy often originates from the low crystallographic symmetry and thus a thickness-independent character emerges. Here, we apply high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to directly image the in-plane anisotropic energy bands in monoclinic gallium telluride (GaTe). Our first-principles calculations reveal the in-plane anisotropic energy band structure of GaTe measured experimentally is dominated by a strong bulk-surface interaction rather than geometric factors, surface effect and quantum confinement effect. Furthermore, accompanied by the thickness of GaTe increasing from mono- to few-layers, the strong interlayer coupling of GaTe induces direct-indirect-direct band gap transition and the in-plane anisotropy of hole effective mass is reversed. Our results shed light on the physical origins of in-plane anisotropy of electronic structure in GaTe, providing guidance to further improving the performance of electronic and optoelectronic devices based on the layered anisotropic semiconductors.
Protection and restoration of coastal habitats yield multiple benefits for urban residents as sea levels rise
Authors: Guerry A. D. , Silver J. , Beagle J. , Wyatt K. , Arkema K. , Lowe J. , Hamel P. , Griffin R. , Wolny S. , Plane E. , Griswold M. , Papendick H. , Sharma J.
Published: June 2022

Globally, rising seas threaten massive numbers of people and significant infrastructure. Adaptation strategies increasingly incorporate nature-based solutions. New science can illuminate where these solutions are appropriate in urban environments and what benefits they provide to people. Together with stakeholders in San Mateo County, California, USA, we co-developed nature-based solutions to support adaptation planning. We created six guiding principles to shape planning, summarized vulnerability to sea-level rise and opportunities for nature-based solutions, created three adaptation scenarios, and compared multiple benefits provided by each scenario. Adaptation scenarios that included investments in nature-based solutions deliver up to eight times the benefits of a traditionally engineered baseline as well as additional habitat for key species. The magnitude and distribution of benefits varied at subregional scales along the coastline. Our results demonstrate practical tools and engagement approaches to assessing the multiple benefits of nature-based solutions in an urban estuary that can be replicated in other regions.
A glutathione-responsive sulfur dioxide polymer prodrug selectively induces ferroptosis in gastric cancer therapy
Authors: Xia Mingjie , Guo Zhihui , Liu Xinming , Wang Yang , Xiao Chunsheng
Published: June 2022

Glutathione-responsive sulfur dioxide polymer prodrug could consume glutathione and release SO2 to cooperatively elevate the intracellular ROS level, leading to selective induction of ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells.
Access to hexahydroazepinone heterocycles via palladium-catalysed C(sp3)–H alkenylation/ring-opening of cyclopropanes
Authors: Saint-Jacques Kévin , Ladd Carolyn L. , Charette André B.
Published: June 2022

A Pd-mediated C(sp3)–H functionalisation/ring-opening process allows the efficient preparation of hexahydroazepinones with a good chemoselectivity and yields. The reaction can also be run under microwave and continuous flow conditions.
Phytate-coordinated nickel foam with enriched NiOOH intermediates for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural electrooxidation
Authors: Gou Wangyan , Chen Yimin , Zhong Yifei , Xue Qingyu , Li Jiayuan , Ma Yuanyuan
Published: June 2022

Phytate coordination effectively accelerates the surface reconstruction of Ni foam and enriches the total amount of NiOOH active species, thereafter significantly promoting the selective electrooxidation of HMF into FDCA.
Boosting the oxygen evolution electrocatalysis of high-entropy hydroxides by high-valence nickel species regulation
Authors: Zhang Tao , Meng Yu-Lan , Zhao Yu-Hang , Ni Jing-Chang , Pan Yu , Dai Yan , Tan Zhenquan , Wang Xiao-Feng , Song Xue-Zhi
Published: June 2022

An amorphous NiCoFeCrMo-based high-entropy hydroxide possesses the maximum content of high-valence Ni3+ species, boosting the oxygen evolution electrocatalytic performance.
An ultrasonication-aided self-assembly strategy toward a PTCDA/RGO film cathode for organic K-ion full batteries
Authors: Xu Yali , Wang Haozhi , Shen Yuping , Yang Chao , Chen Xiaohua , Fan Binbin
Published: June 2022

A PTCDA/RGO-50% film with π–π interaction between PTCDA and RGO was designed to alleviate the solubility of PTCDA, and demonstrates excellent cycling stability for K-ion batteries.
Mechanisms for sonochemical oxidation of nitrogen
Authors: Qureishy Thomas , Løyland Sverre , Jørgensen Susanne J. , Færgestad Eline M. , Norby Truls , Uggerud Einar
Published: June 2022

N2O, and mixtures of N2 and O2, dissolved in water—both in the presence and absence of added noble gases—have been subjected to ultrasonication with quantification of nitrite and nitrate products.
Correction: Polycatenanes: synthesis, characterization, and physical understanding
Authors: Liu Guancen , Rauscher Phillip M. , Rawe Benjamin W. , Tranquilli Marissa M. , Rowan Stuart J.
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Polycatenanes: synthesis, characterization, and physical understanding’ by Guancen Liu et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cs00256f.
Energetic bimetallic complexes as catalysts affect the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Dong Wen-Shuai , Cao Wen-Li , Tariq Qamar-un-Nisa , Wu Xiao-Wei , Hu Yong , Zhang Chao , Zhang Jian-Guo
Published: June 2022

BMEP-1 and BMEP-2 have different three-dimensional structures and both have good catalytic effects on the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate.
Melting properties of AgxPt1−x nanoparticles
Authors: Front Alexis , Oucheriah Djahid , Mottet Christine , Amara Hakim
Published: June 2022

At the nanoscale, materials exhibit unique properties that differ greatly from those of the bulk state. The melting systematically passes through an intermediate stage with a crystalline core and a pure liquid skin.
A study of contemporary progress relating to COF materials for CO2capture and fixation reactions
Authors: Sani Robius , Dey Tusar Kanto , Sarkar Mainak , Basu Priyanka , Islam Sk. Manirul
Published: June 2022

Global warming is a great threat to the very survival of our planet.
Highly active PdSb catalysts on porous carbon for electrochemical oxidation reactions of biomass-derived C1–C3 alcohols
Authors: Jang Daehee , Han Hyunsu , Maeng Junbeom , Yoon Wongeun , Park Minseon , Kim Won Bae
Published: June 2022

Porous carbon supports and antimony addition to palladium led to synergistic effects on the electrocatalytic performance for biomass-derived alcohol oxidation reactions.
How do structural factors determine the linear and non-linear optical properties of fluorene-containing quadrupolar fluorophores? A theoretical answer
Authors: Gam Safa , Messaoudi Sabri , Halet Jean-François , Boucekkine Abdou
Published: June 2022

The linear and non-linear optical properties of the different components of a series of push–push and pull–pull quadrupolar fluorophore derivatives are investigated.
Pd-Catalyzed three-component decarboxylative coupling reactions between alkylidene pyrazolones, allyl carbonates and active methylene compounds
Authors: Zhang Heng , Cai Lu-Yu , Wang Kuo , Zhao Hong-Wu
Published: June 2022

Under the catalysis of Pd2(dba)3·CHCl3/(±)-L5, the three-component decarboxylative coupling reactions among alkylidene pyrazolones, allyl carbonates and active methylene compounds furnished the desired products in acceptable chemical yields.
Glucosylation mechanism of resveratrol through the mutant Q345F sucrose phosphorylase from the organism Bifidobacterium adolescentis: a computational study
Authors: Febres-Molina Camilo , Sánchez Leslie , Prat-Resina Xavier , Jaña Gonzalo A.
Published: June 2022

This work contains novel insights into the glucosylation mechanism of resveratrol catalyzed by the mutant Q345F sucrose phosphorylase from the organism Bifidobacterium adolescentis. The figure shows the glucosylation of resveratrol, highlighting the transition state found.
Visible light-promoted intermolecular cyclization/aromatization of chalcones and 2-mercaptobenzimidazolesviaan EDA complex and a mechanism study
Authors: Zhao Xue-Jun , Li Yuke , Li Ming , Tian Ya-Ling , Wang Wen-Peng , Zhang Bo-Sheng , Wang Xi-Cun
Published: June 2022

An efficient visible-light-promoted intermolecular cyclization and aromatization approach was developed for the synthesis of abundant benzimidazo[2,1-b]thiazolesviaan EDA complex.
Trifunctionalization of aryl iodides via intermolecular C–H acylation/intramolecular C–H alkylation achieved using palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Linqiang , Wang Zihan , Liu Jingjing , Luan Xinjun
Published: June 2022

Herein, we describe a palladium/norbornene-catalyzed trifunctionalization of ortho-unsubstituted aryl iodides via a highly chemoselective cascade process involving intermolecular ortho acylation/intramolecular ortho alkylation/ipso alkenylation.
Zintl cluster supported low coordinate Rh(i) centers for catalytic H/D exchange between H2and D2
Authors: Townrow Oliver P. E. , Duckett Simon B. , Weller Andrew S. , Goicoechea Jose M.
Published: June 2022

We describe the synthesis of the coordinatively unsaturated Zintl clusters [Rh(L){η3-Ge9(Hyp)3}] (where L = PMe3, PPh3, IMe4or [W(Cp)2H2]). These species are active catalysts in H/D exchange and C–H bond activation reactions.
Oxidative polymerization of triarylamines: a promising route to low-cost hole transport materials for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kraevaya Olga A. , Latypova Alina F. , Sokolova Alexandra A. , Seleznyova Anastasiya A. , Emelianov Nikita A. , Slesarenko Nikita A. , Markov Vitaliy Yu. , Frolova Lyubov A. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: June 2022

Efficient and economic oxidative polymerization enables the synthesis of polytriarylamines (PTAAs), which show comparable performances to high-cost commercial PTAAs in perovskite solar cells delivering efficiencies of 18–20%.
Aminated polystyrene-polymaleic(anhydride) hollow microsphere membrane for fast and efficient dyes and oils filtration from water
Authors: Li Daikun , Zhang Jun , Zhan Wei , Cai Guiyuan , Li LiPin , Zuo Wei , Wang Qinyu , Tian Yu
Published: June 2022

An advanced adsorbent, PSMM-NH2 hollow microspheres, was prepared to remove dyes and oils from water with fast rate, high capacity, good selectivity and excellent renewability.
Latest on biomaterial-based therapies for topical treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Chen Anqi , Luo Yuting , Xu Jie , Guan Xueran , He Huacheng , Xuan Xuan , Wu Jiang
Published: June 2022

Biomaterials demonstrate great potential in the treatment of psoriasis.
Optical temperature sensing properties and thermoluminescence behavior in Er-modified potassium sodium niobate-based multifunctional ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Di , Li Xuefeng , Li Peng , Fu Peng , Hu Chengchao , Hao Jigong , Li Wei , Zhang Qiwei
Published: June 2022

Er3+-doped KNN-based ceramics exhibited multifunctional features with upconversion luminescence, thermoluminescence, and ferroelectric/piezoelectric properties, which may enable novel applications in the field of optoelectronic devices.
“Green” synthesis of highly luminescent lead-free Cs2AgxNa1−xBiyIn1−yCl6 perovskites
Authors: Stroyuk Oleksandr , Raievska Oleksandra , Barabash Anastasia , Batentschuk Miroslaw , Osvet Andres , Fiedler Saskia , Resch-Genger Ute , Hauch Jens , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: June 2022

Microcrystalline Cs2AgxNa1−xBiyIn1−yCl6 perovskites with tailored composition emitting broadband yellow-white photoluminescence with a quantum yield of up to 92% were produced by a new “green” approach under ambient conditions.
Robust decoupled synchronization control of dual‐motor servo systems by mechanical parameter identification
Authors: Zhang Kang , Wang Limei , Fang Xin
Published: June 2022

In the dual‐motor servo system driven by permanent magnet linear synchronous motor, a synchronous control strategy based on coupling parameter identification algorithm and feedback linearization decoupling controller is proposed to overcome the influence of mechanical coupling on the synchronous control performance of the system. Firstly, the mathematical model of synchronous motion system with mechanical coupling dynamics is established. Secondly, a novel coupling parameter identification structure based on disturbance observer is designed. Additionally, the input excitation adopts relatively smooth sinusoidal position and velocity signals to avoid damage to the mechanical structure. Then the feedback linearization method is used to decouple the coupled synchronous control system, and the integrated sliding mode controller is designed for the linear subsystem to improve the robustness of the system. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed identification method can accurately identify the coupling parameters of the system, and the feedback linearized sliding mode controller based on the identification parameters can effectively eliminate the influence of mechanical coupling and improve the performance of synchronous control.
A new expandable non‐isolated opposite polarity boost DC–DC converter with fewer switches
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Shahir Farzad , Babaei Ebrahim , Sabahi Mehran
Published: June 2022

Here, a new structure is proposed for non‐isolated opposite polarity boost DC–DC converter with expandability into a n‐cell converter using D‐D‐D‐C‐L cell. In comparison with conventional non‐isolated boost converters, the main provided advantages by the proposed converter are lower currents stress of switching, modular structure and high voltage gain with two degrees’ freedom due to cell number and duty cycle. The modular structure of the proposed converter is designed without adding any switch for higher cells whereas decreasing inductances values. Here, the relation between voltage and current of all elements in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is calculated as well as voltage gain in each mode. Also, the current stress of switches and critical inductance are obtained. Then, the performance of proposed converter is compared with other solutions in term of voltage gain in CCM, the number of elements and switches. In addition, the voltage gain in CCM and DCM, and critical inductance relations are extracted. By increasing the number of cells in the proposed converter, high voltage gain is obtained at low duty cycle. Finally, operating of the proposed converter is examined using experimental and PSCAD/EMTDC to analysis of theoretical concepts.
Fan-shaped jet close to a light bridge
Authors: Liu Y. , Ruan G. P. , Schmieder B. , Masson S. , Chen Y. , Su J. T. , Wang B. , Bai X. Y. , Su Y. , Cao W.
Published: June 2022

Aims.On the Sun, jets in light bridges (LBs) are frequently observed with high-resolution instruments. The respective roles played by convection and the magnetic field in triggering such jets are not yet clear.

Methods.We report a small fan-shaped jet along a LB observed by the 1.6m Goode Solar Telescope (GST) with the TiO Broadband Filter Imager (BFI), the Visible Imaging Spectrometer (VIS) inHα, and the Near-InfraRed Imaging Spectropolarimeter (NIRIS), along with the Stokes parameters. The high spatial and temporal resolution of those instruments allowed us to analyze the features identified during the jet event. By constructing the HαDopplergrams, we found that the plasma is first moving upward, whereas during the second phase of the jet, the plasma is flowing back. Working with time slice diagrams, we investigated the propagation-projected speed of the fan and its bright base.

Results.The fan-shaped jet developed within a few minutes, with diverging beams. At its base, a bright point was slipping along the LB and ultimately invaded the umbra of the sunspot. The Hαprofiles of the bright points enhanced the intensity in the wings, similarly to the case of Ellerman bombs. Co-temporally, the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) brightenings developed at the front of the dark material jet and moved at the same speed as the fan, leading us to propose that the fan-shaped jet material compressed and heated the ambient plasma at its extremities in the corona.

Conclusions.Our multi-wavelength analysis indicates that the fan-shaped jet could result from magnetic reconnection across the highly diverging field low in the chromosphere, leading to an apparent slipping motion of the jet material along the LB. However, we did not find any opposite magnetic polarity at the jet base, as would typically be expected in such a configuration. We therefore discuss other plausible physical mechanisms, based on waves and convection, that may have triggered the event.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Mancini L. , Esposito M. , Covino E. , Southworth J. , Poretti E. , Andreuzzi G. , Barbato D. , Biazzo K. , Borsato L. , Bruni I. , Damasso M. , Di Fabrizio L. , Evans D. F. , Granata V. , Lanza A. F. , Naponiello L. , Nascimbeni V. , Pinamonti M. , Sozzetti A. , Tregloan-Reed J. , Basilicata M. , Bignamini A. , Bonomo A. S. , Claudi R. , Cosentino R. , Desidera S. , Fiorenzano A. F. M. , Giacobbe P. , Harutyunyan A. , Henning Th. , Knapic C. , Maggio A. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Pagano I. , Pedani M. , Piotto G.
Published: June 2022

Context. The measurement of the spin-orbit alignment of hot Jupiters, including a range of orbital and physical properties, can provide information about the evolution of the orbits of this special class of giant planets.

Aims. We aim to refine the orbital and physical parameters and determine the sky-projected planet orbital obliquity λ of five eccentric (e ≅ 0.1–0.3) transiting planetary systems: HAT-P-15, HAT-P-17, HAT-P-21, HAT-P-26, and HAT-P-29, whose parent stars have an effective temperature between 5100 K < Teff < 6200 K. Each of the systems hosts a hot Jupiter, except for HAT-P-26, which hosts a Neptune-mass planet.

Methods. We observed transit events of these planets with the HARPS-N spectrograph, obtaining high-precision radial velocity measurements that allow us to measure the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect for each of the target systems. We used these new HARPS-N spectra and archival data, including those from Gaia, to better characterise the stellar atmospheric parameters. The photometric parameters for four of the hot Jupiters were recalculated using 17 new transit light curves, obtained with an array of medium-class telescopes, and data from the TESS space telescope. HATNet time-series photometric data were checked for the signatures of rotation periods of the target stars and their spin axis inclination.

Results. From the analysis of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, we derived a sky-projected obliquity of λ = 13° ± 6°, λ = −26.3° ± 6.7°, λ = −0.7° ± 12.5°, λ = −26° ± 16°, for HAT-P-15 b, HAT-P-17 b, HAT-P-21 b, and HAT-P-29 b, respectively. Based on theoretical considerations, these small values of λ should be of primordial origin, with the possible exception of HAT-P-21. Due to the quality of the data, we were not able to fully constrain λ for HAT-P-26 b, although a prograde orbit is favoured (λ = 18° ± 49°). The stellar activity of HAT-P-21 indicates a rotation period of 15.88 ± 0.02 days, which allowed us to determine its true misalignment angle ψ = 25° ± 16°. Our new analysis of the physical parameters of the five exoplanetary systems returned values compatible with those existing in the literature. Using TESS and the available transit light curves, we reviewed the orbital ephemeris for the five systems and confirmed that the HAT-P-26 system shows transit timing variations, which may tentatively be attributed to the presence of a third body.
Numerical analysis for time-dependent advection-diffusion problems with random discontinuous coefficients
Authors: Barth Andrea , Stein Andreas
Published: June 2022

As an extension to the well-established stationary elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) with random continuous coefficients we study a time-dependent advection-diffusion problem, where the coefficients may have random spatial discontinuities. In a subsurface flow model, the randomness in a parabolic equation may account for insufficient measurements or uncertain material procurement, while the discontinuities could represent transitions in heterogeneous media. Specifically, a scenario with coupled advection and diffusion coefficients that are modeled as sums of continuous random fields and discontinuous jump components are considered. The respective coefficient functions allow a very flexible modeling, however, they also complicate the analysis and numerical approximation of the corresponding random parabolic PDE. We show that the model problem is indeed well-posed under mild assumptions and show measurability of the pathwise solution. For the numerical approximation we employ a sample-adapted, pathwise discretization scheme based on a finite element approach. This semi-discrete method accounts for the discontinuities in each sample, but leads to stochastic, finite-dimensional approximation spaces. We ensure measurability of the semi-discrete solution, which in turn enables us to derive moments bounds on the mean-squared approximation error. By coupling this semi-discrete approach with suitable coefficient approximation and a stable time stepping, we obtain a fully discrete algorithm to solve the random parabolic PDE. We provide an overall error bound for this scheme and illustrate our results with several numerical experiments.
Tele-Voice. Eine randomisierte klinische Studie zur Wirksamkeit und Praktikabilität von Stimmfunktionstherapie als Videotherapie im Vergleich zur traditionellen Präsenztherapie
Authors: Beushausen Ulla
Published: June 2022

In einem randomisierten klinischen Trial (RCT) nahmen 84 PatientInnen mit funktioneller Dysphonie (hyper- und hypofunktionelle Dysphonien) im Alter von 26–80 Jahren teil, die von September 2020 bis Januar 2021 entweder eine Stimmfunktionstherapie als Videotherapie oder Präsenztherapie (Face-to-Face-Therapie) erhielten. Die PatientInnen beider Gruppen absolvierten acht Sitzungen konventionelle manualisierte Stimmtherapie ein- oder zweimal in der Woche. Als Messparameter dienten die deutschen Versionen des Voice Handicap Index (VHI), der Vocal Tract Dyscomfort Scale (VTD), die maximale Phonationsdauer und akustische Analysen (Jitter, Shimmer, Grundfrequenz F0 und s/z-ratio).

Es konnte in keinem Messparameter signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen „Videotherapie“ und „Präsenztherapie“ belegt werden. Beide Gruppen zeigten vergleichbare sehr signifikante Therapiefortschritte in der Vorher-Nachher-Messung.

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Videotherapie bei funktionellen Stimmstörungen genauso wirksam wie eine Präsenztherapie sein kann. Insgesamt zeigten alle 84 PatientInnen mit funktionellen Stimmstörungen Verbesserungen der Messparameter unabhängig von der Darbietungsform (Präsenz/Video). Die wirksamsten Parameter waren die primären Endpunkte der Studie im Rahmen subjektiver Einschätzungen in den deutschen Fassungen der Vocal Tract-Dyscomfort-Scale (VCD-Skala) und im Voice Handicap-Index (VTD-30).
Nachsorge und MRT-Untersuchungen bei Patienten mit implantierten kardialen Aggregaten
Authors: Bosch Ralph
Published: June 2022

In den 2021 publizierten ESC-Leitlinien wird im Rahmen des Kapitels über die Aggregatnachsorge insbesondere die Bedeutung der Telemetrie hervorgehoben. Durch eine telemetrische Nachsorge
sind wesentlich seltener Präsenznachsorgen notwendig bei gleichwertiger oder sogar verbesserter Sicherheit. Eine telemetrische Überwachung sollte daher bei allen Patienten mit CIED erwogen
werden.

Die Leitlinien beschreiben detailliert die Möglichkeiten und Einschränkungen von MRT-Untersuchungen bei Patienten mit CIED. Programmierempfehlungen für die verschiedenen Hersteller werden
dargestellt. Unter Einhaltung entsprechender Sicherheitsstandards kann eine MRT auch ohne größeres Risiko bei Patienten mit nicht MRT-kompatiblen Systemen erfolgen.
Neue Aspekte der Schrittmacherindikation bei atrioventrikulären Überleitungsstörungen
Authors: Israel Carsten W.
Published: June 2022

Die neuen europäischen Leitlinien zur Herzschrittmachertherapie bilden den aktuellen Stand des Wissens ab. Im Vergleich zu den vorhergehenden Leitlinien ist die Klarstellung, dass die
Empfehlungen auch für Vorhofflimmern/-flattern mit AV-Block und für intermittierende und permanente bzw. symptomatische und asymptomatische infranodale AV-Blockierungen gleichermaßen gelten,
neu. Bei Synkopen im Kontext mit Schenkelblockierungen wird die Bedeutung der elektrophysiologischen Untersuchung und des prolongierten kontinuierlichen EKG-Monitorings unterstrichen, was
auch für Leitungsstörungen nach Transkatheter-Aortenklappen-Implantation gilt. Bei AV-Block nach Myokardinfarkt und Herzoperation sollte 5 Tage auf ein Sistieren gewartet werden, wenn die
Klinik des Patienten es erlaubt. Neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen erfordern aufgrund des erhöhten Risikos für eine rasche Progression eine Schrittmacherimplantation oft bereits bei leichteren
Überleitungsstörungen.
Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung in ICD 10, ICD 11 und DSM 5:
Welche Bedeutung haben unterschiedlichen Kriterien für Diagnostik und
gutachtliche Praxis
Authors: Dreßing Harald Raimund , Foerster Klaus
Published: June 2022

Die diagnostischen Kriterien der PTBS unterschieden sich in den Manualen der ICD-10, ICD-11
und DSM 5. Die wesentlichen diagnostischen Kriterien werden dargestellt. Wesentlich
für die Diagnose ist der in einem strukturierten Interview erhobene
psychopathologische Befund. An Hand von drei Kasuistiken wird die gutachtliche Bewertung im
Strafrecht, in der Unfallversicherung und im Opferentschädigungsgesetzt
veranschaulicht.
Qualitätsindikatoren für Videosprechstunden in der
hausärztlichen Versorgung – ein Scoping Review
Authors: Traulsen Pia , Steinhäuser Jost , Waschkau Alexander
Published: June 2022

Ziel der Studie Seit 2018 ist das Fernbehandlungsverbot gelockert. Die
SARS-CoV-2 Pandemie sorgte für einen erheblichen Implementierungsschub
von Videosprechstunden als Teil der Telemedizin in der hausärztlichen
Versorgung. Die Frage, wie die Qualität dieser Versorgungsform
abgebildet werden kann, ist bisher unbeantwortet. Daher war es Ziel dieses
Reviews erste Kriterien, zur Erhebung der Qualität von
Videosprechstunden in der hausärztlichen Versorgung, zu
identifizieren.

Methoden Im Rahmen des Reviews wurde eine Literaturrecherche in den
Datenbanken PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Open Grey und Google
durchgeführt. Gesucht wurde nach Literatur zu Qualitätskriterien
oder -indikatoren für Videosprechstunden. Es wurde deutsch- und
englischsprachige Literatur eingeschlossen, eine zeitliche Limitierung gab es
nicht.

Ergebnisse Durch die Literaturrecherche konnten 14 Publikationen
für das Review eingeschlossen werden. Aus den dort beschriebenen
Qualitätskriterien wurden 13 mögliche
Qualitätsindikatoren abgeleitet. Sieben davon für die
Strukturqualität, zwei für Prozess- und vier Indikatoren
für die Ergebnisqualität. Unter anderem wurde der Umstieg auf
Face-to-Face Behandlung, bei den Fällen, für die es erforderlich
ist, die Qualifikation des Personals sowie der Zugang zu dieser Art der
Versorgung als mögliche Indikatoren identifiziert.

Schlussfolgerung Die in dieser Arbeit vorgeschlagenen
Qualitätsindikatoren ermöglichen durch ihre Messbarkeit eine
strukturierte Evaluation der Qualität von Videosprechstunden in der
hausärztlichen Versorgung. Eine Weiterentwicklung dieser Indikatoren, um
Schwellenwerte für die angegebenen Ziele zu definieren, erscheint
sinnvoll.
Sonografisches Neuromonitoring auf der Stroke Unit und in der
neurologischen Intensivmedizin
Authors: Schlachetzki Felix , Nedelmann Max , Eyding Jens , Ritter Martin , Schminke Ulf , Schulte-Altedorneburg Gernot , Köhrmann Martin , Harrer Judith U.
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die
aktuellen diagnostischen Einsatzmöglichkeiten sonographischer Anwendung
in der neurologischen Intensivmedizin.

Methoden Selektive Literaturrecherche mit kritischer Beurteilung ab dem
Jahr 1984 sowie nationaler und internationaler Leitlinien sowie
Expertenmeinung.

Ergebnisse Neben der raschen validen Abklärung akuter
Schlaganfälle bieten verschiedene neurosonografische
Monitoring-verfahren gerade in der Intensivmedizin spezifische Vorteile wie die
beliebig häufige Wiederholbarkeit am Patientenbett selbst und die
Darstellung in Echtzeit. Innovative Entwicklungen machen die Neurosonografie
auch wissenschaftlich zu einem interessanten Gebiet.

Schlussfolgerung Die neurosonografische Diagnostik nimmt seit Jahren einen
wichtigen Stellenwert in der neurologischen Intensivmedizin ein. Weitere
Anstrengungen sind notwendig, um die Verbreitung der Methode zu fördern
und durch wissenschaftliche Evidenz zu stärken.
Versatile OPiv-Supported Organozinc Reagents for Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings
Authors: Li Jie , Liu Xingchen , Wang Jixin
Published: June 2022

As one of the most important indispensable tools, organozinc-reagents-based Negishi cross-couplings have been extensively utilized for the synthesis of biologically active molecules and feedstock commodity chemicals. However, the use of air- and moisture-sensitive organozinc halides and expensive palladium catalysis still remain drawbacks. Recently, user-friendly solid OPiv-supported C–Zn, Si–Zn reagents with enhanced air and moisture stability have been prepared, which displayed superior reactivity in various transition-metal-catalyzed cross-couplings, especially in the earth-abundance cobalt and nickel catalysis. Herein, we summarized the recent advances and our research work in the field of the preparation and application of solid organozinc pivalates in the present short review.

1 Introduction

2 Development of Organozinc Pivalates in Two-Component Cross-Couplings

3 Development of Organozinc Pivalates in Three-Component Cross-Couplings

4 Conclusion and Outlook
Insights Regarding the Berlin Definition of ARDS from Prospective Observational Studies
Authors: Hanley Ciara , Giacomini Camilla , Brennan Aoife , McNicholas Bairbre , Laffey John G.
Published: June 2022

The definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), has evolved since it was first described in 1967 by Ashbaugh and Petty to the current “Berlin” definition of ARDS developed in 2012 by an expert panel, that provided clarification on the definition of “acute,” and on the cardiac failure criteria. It expanded the definition to include patients receiving non-invasive ventilation, and removed the term “acute lung injury” and added a requirement of patients to be receiving a minimum 5 cmH2O expiratory pressure.

Since 2012, a series of observational cohort studies have generated insights into the utility and robustness of this definition. This review will examine novel insights into the epidemiology of ARDS, failures in ARDS diagnosis, the role of lung imaging in ARDS, the novel ARDS cohort that is not invasively ventilated, lung compliance profiles in patients with ARDS, sex differences that exist in ARDS management and outcomes, the progression of ARDS following initial diagnosis, and the clinical profile and outcomes of confirmed versus resolved ARDS. Furthermore, we will discuss studies that challenge the utility of distinguishing ARDS from other causes of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) and identify issues that may need to be addressed in a revised definition.
Cholesterol Granuloma in Dentigerous Cyst: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Bhat Nitish , Thakur Kalpna , Bhardwaj Nandini , Nandan Hemwati
Published: June 2022

Cholesterol deposition is a common phenomenon to be seen associated to an inflammatory response and is usually evident in paranasal sinus, middle ear, and in some cases of mastoid process. Such depositions lead to cleft formations within the tissue, histopathologically seen as cholesterol cleft. Formation of cholesterol clefts is an usual phenomenon in the jaw related to inflammatory cysts such as radicular cyst but this is rarely seen in other odontogenic cysts, in particular the dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst. So, here we present a rare case of cholesterol clefts in the wall of a dentigerous cyst.
A field ionizer for photodetachment studies of negative ions
Authors: Welander J. , Navarro Navarrete J. E. , Rohlén J. , Leopold T. , Thomas R. D. , Pegg D. J. , Hanstorp D.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we present an apparatus for studies into the photodetachment process of atomic negative ions. State-selective detection of the residual atom following the initial photodetachment step is achieved by combining resonant laser excitation of the photo-detached atom with electric field ionization. The resonance ionization technique in combination with a co-linear ion–laser beam geometry gives an experimental apparatus that has both high selectivity and sensitivity. In addition to measurements of a single selected partial photodetachment channel, the apparatus also can be used to study a manifold of photodetachment channels in which the residual atom is left in a high-lying Rydberg state and for investigation of the double electron-detachment process. Ion-optical simulations in SIMION are used to illustrate the operation of the apparatus for studying such processes. Successful performance of the apparatus against the simulation is demonstrated by a high resolution study of the photodetachment of cesium, where the sharp s-wave threshold of the photodetachment processes leaving the residual atom in the excited 6p state was investigated.
Size of dislocation patterns induced by Vickers indentation in hydride vapor-phase epitaxy GaN
Authors: Ishikawa Yukari , Sugawara Yoshihiro , Yao Yongzhao , Takeda Hidetoshi , Aida Hideo , Tadatomo Kazuyuki
Published: June 2022

3D dislocation structures induced by Vickers indentation depending on the imprint size are precisely investigated using an alternation of cathodoluminescence and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), multiphoton excitation photoluminescence, and (scanning) transmission electron microscopy under a load range within a constant Vickers hardness. The dislocation structures are composed of a rosette pattern, a flower pattern, and a triangular area. The flower pattern distribution is dispersive along the z direction. The determined penetration depth of the dislocations by practical CMP is almost the same as the length of the imprint diagonal (d1). The dimensions of the individual patterns in the dislocation structure can be described as multiples of d1. That is, the geometric similarity between the imprint size and the dimensions of the dislocation structure is confirmed. This suggests that the dimensions of the dislocation structures induced under scratch can be estimated by measuring the width of the scratch. This shows that a simple method may be developed to determine the maximum thickness of the affected layer over the entire wafer area and the ability to develop low-cost GaN wafers free of affected layers.
Experimental verification of TNSA protons and deuterons in the multi-picosecond moderate intensity regime
Authors: Park J. , Kim J. , Cochran G. , Mariscal D. , Simpson R. A. , Zylstra A. , Ma T.
Published: June 2022

Ion acceleration from high intensity short pulse laser interactions is of great interest due to a number of applications, and there has been significant work carried out with laser energies up to a few 100 J with 10's of femtosecond to 1 ps pulse durations. Here, we report results from an experiment at the OMEGA EP laser, where laser energy and pulse length were varied from 100 to 1250 J and 0.7–30 ps, respectively, in the moderate (2×1017–2×1018  W/cm2) laser intensity regime. Ions and electrons were simultaneously measured from disk targets made of CH and CD by a Thomson parabola and a magnetic spectrometer, respectively. Measurements showed that the electron temperature, Te (MeV), has a dependence on the laser energy, EL (J), and pulse duration, τL (ps), and its empirical scaling was found to be 0.015×EL0.90τL−0.48. The maximum proton and deuteron energies are linearly dependent on the electron temperature, (5.60 ± 0.26)×Te and (3.17 ± 0.18)×Te, respectively. A significant increase in proton numbers with the laser energy was also observed. The increase in the maximum proton energy and proton count with higher energy longer duration pulses presented in this article shows that such laser conditions have a great advantage for applications, such as the proton radiograph, in the moderate laser intensity regime.
Investigation of the two-cut phase region in the complex cubic ensemble of random matrices
Authors: Barhoumi Ahmad , Bleher Pavel , Deaño Alfredo , Yattselev Maxim
Published: June 2022

We investigate the phase diagram of the complex cubic unitary ensemble of random matrices with the potential V(M)=−13M3+tM, where t is a complex parameter. As proven in our previous paper [Bleher et al., J. Stat. Phys. 166, 784–827 (2017)], the whole phase space of the model, t∈C, is partitioned into two phase regions, Oone−cut and Otwo−cut, such that in Oone−cut the equilibrium measure is supported by one Jordan arc (cut) and in Otwo−cut by two cuts. The regions Oone−cut and Otwo−cut are separated by critical curves, which can be calculated in terms of critical trajectories of an auxiliary quadratic differential. In Bleher et al. [J. Stat. Phys. 166, 784–827 (2017)], the one-cut phase region was investigated in detail. In the present paper, we investigate the two-cut region. We prove that in the two-cut region, the endpoints of the cuts are analytic functions of the real and imaginary parts of the parameter t, but not of the parameter t itself (so that the Cauchy–Riemann equations are violated for the endpoints). We also obtain the semiclassical asymptotics of the orthogonal polynomials associated with the ensemble of random matrices and their recurrence coefficients. The proofs are based on the Riemann–Hilbert approach to semiclassical asymptotics of the orthogonal polynomials and the theory of S-curves and quadratic differentials.
Polarization-dependent photoluminescence properties of fab-compatible nanowire-based nanophotonic structures
Authors: Kaloyeros Alex E. , Gallis Spyros
Published: June 2022

Semiconductor nanowires show great potential for controlling light–matter interactions. Moreover, their polarization-dependent optical properties, primarily enabled by their dielectric mismatch, are a significant requisite for a plethora of emerging applications spanning from polarized photodetection to quantum photonics and quantum communication. Herein, we study the polarization dependence of photoluminescence (PL) properties from fab-compatible nanophotonic structures, comprising arrays of ultrathin (20 nm) silicon carbide nanowires (NWs) doped with oxygen and erbium ions. Polarization-resolved PL studies demonstrate a significant excitation polarization anisotropy (∼0.7) of the visible NW PL for light polarized parallel and perpendicular to the NWs' long axis. This anisotropic behavior agrees with our simulations and with the classical dielectric contrast model and is consistent across the investigated periodicity range of the NW arrays. Furthermore, the effect of this anisotropy on the NW carrier dynamics is explored through power-dependence and transient PL measurements. We have observed a faster carrier lifetime for light polarized parallel to the NWs than the perpendicular polarization. Finally, we demonstrate a translation of this polarization dependence to the technologically significant erbium-induced 1540 nm emission from the erbium centers in the NW arrays. The ability to engineer emission polarization and placement of these centers in the NW array offers a promising platform for emission enhancement of telecom emitters through effective coupling to optical nanocavities for applications in chip-scale photonics and quantum photonics.
Localization in inhomogeneously broadened systems using the Gibbs phenomenon
Authors: Gong Zhaoyuan , Walls Jamie D.
Published: June 2022

Spectra and images derived from the Fourier transformation of time-domain signals can often exhibit overshoots and/or “ringing” near sharp features. Such artifacts are due to the slow convergence of the Fourier series near such features, an effect referred to as the Gibbs phenomenon. While usually viewed as being purely mathematical in origin, the Gibbs phenomenon can often be found in a variety of physical situations, such as in imaging and spectroscopy. In this work, a physical description of the Gibbs phenomenon is presented where it is interpreted as an interference effect whereby slower destructive interference or “Fourier dephasing” occurs near sharp spectral features compared with the Fourier dephasing observed away from such features. Differences in Fourier dephasing can be exploited to localize magnetization near physical boundaries on timescales about an order of magnitude faster than can be achieved using conventional frequency or spatially selective pulses. This localization, which is reversible, also occurs on much faster timescales than can be attributed to irreversible sources, such as restricted diffusion or spatial variations of the intrinsic spin relaxation within the sample.
Characterizations of Lorentzian manifolds
Authors: Chaubey S. K. , Suh Y. J.
Published: June 2022

The focus of this paper is to characterize the Lorentzian manifolds equipped with a semi-symmetric non-metric ρ-connection [briefly, (M,∇̃)]. The conditions for a Lorentzian manifold to be a generalized Robertson–Walker spacetime are established and vice versa. We prove that an n-dimensional compact (M,∇̃) is geodesically complete. We also study the properties of almost Ricci solitons and gradient almost Ricci solitons on Lorentzian manifolds and Yang pure space, respectively. Finally, we study the properties of semisymmetric (M,∇̃), and it is proven that (M,∇̃) is semisymmetric if and only if it is a Robertson–Walker spacetime.
Simulation analysis of high-field carrier transport in wide-bandgap semiconductors considering tunable band structures and scattering processes
Authors: Tanaka H. , Kimoto T. , Mori N.
Published: June 2022

Though the high breakdown electric field of wide-bandgap semiconductors is usually attributed to their large bandgap, the impacts of other band structure parameters and scattering processes on impact ionization phenomena have not been clarified yet. This study computationally analyzes the effects of band structures and scattering rates on the high-field carrier transport properties such as impact ionization coefficients and drift velocity in wide-bandgap semiconductors. For that purpose, this study adopts Monte Carlo simulations in which the E–k dispersion and scattering rates are directly tuned. Simulations with varied band structures indicate that an average of the group velocity in the whole Brillouin zone is a dominant factor determining the impact ionization coefficients rather than the effective mass at the band edge. In addition, the Brillouin zone width has critical impacts when Bloch oscillations occur, which significantly suppress impact ionization. As for scattering mechanisms, the roles of inelastic scattering processes including impact ionization in energy relaxation are discussed. It is also revealed that elastic scattering contributes to energy relaxation processes through transitions of electrons to higher bands. This mechanism leads to the unintuitive positive temperature dependence of impact ionization coefficients when Bloch oscillations occur. These results obtained by the theoretical analyses in this study can serve as basic physical insight to understand the behaviors of impact ionization coefficients in wide-bandgap semiconductors.