bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban ecological energy generation on the example of elevation wind turbines located at Center of Energy AGH
Authors: Filipowicz Mariusz , Żołądek Maciej , Goryl Wojciech , Sornek Krzysztof
Published: August 2018

Nowadays, the worldwide growing demand for energy from renewable sources is observed. This fact is related to a number of factors, especially environmental ones. In the renewable energy sector, the most dynamic development which can be seen is wind energy. This is due to the construction of huge wind turbines, whose power exceeds even a few megawatts. The main problem that should be solved is finding a proper location for such turbines. Generally, wind turbines are located off-shore and on-shore. The most favourable are off-shore due to better wind condition, which relates to power generation. Notwithstanding, it is possible to install smaller turbines in urban areas: so-called wind turbines in built-up areas or integrate wind turbines with buildings (BIWT). This creates an opportunity to develop an integrated system of small energy sources located directly in cities. However, it is necessary to be aware of the many problems connected with the above mentioned installations. The article presents an overview and data related to operation of wind turbines integrated with the Center of Energy AGH building.
Greenery in the urban environment as a nature based solution for thermal stress mitigation
Authors: Heim Dariusz , Klemm Katarzyna , Knera Dominika , Wieprzkowicz Anna
Published: August 2018

The problem of thermal environment in the city and small urban settlement is described and discussed in the paper. The study was performed for two areas differed in the intensity of development, buildings height and greenery in the nearest surrounding. The results of measurements compared and discussed come from two, local meteorological stations located in both environments. The summer temperature history was compared and analysed using daily maximum, minimum and averaged values. For 85% of analysed days the minimum air temperature in the rural zone was lower than in the regular city area.
Global database of direct solar radiation at the Moon’s surface for lunar engineering purposes
Authors: Kaczmarzyk Marcin , Gawronski Marcin , Piatkowski Grzegorz
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this paper was to provide preliminary data concerning global availability of solar energy at the surface of the Moon. Lack of gaseous atmosphere and accompanying phenomena such as precipitations or cloud cover makes the Moon’s surface an extraordinarily advantageous place for solar energy harvesting. On the other hand, excessive exposure to undamped sunlight may cause problems with buildings’ interior overheating or increase decay rate of photovoltaic cells. Thus, basic information concerning solar irradiance and diurnal insolation at specified selenographic latitudes are indispensable for location selection for future lunar facilities and their design process. In order to approximate Sun’s position at lunar sky, simple analytical astrometric model of lunar rotation was developed. Basing on that model, direct diurnal irradiances and insolations were calculated for various flat surface orientations, and selenographic latitudes. Computed data were presented in charts and tables.This lunar insolation database may serve as guideline for location of future lunar settlements and research stations, and to estimate their diurnal energy demands.
Crisis of the city as an idea on the example of structural transformation of housing development. Urban agriculture as an antidote for suburbanization
Authors: Kleszcz Justyna
Published: August 2018

The paper aims to present the phenomenon of transgression of contemporary urban living space as the main manifestation of the crisis of urbanity idea through forming new spatial units defining the city in relation to extra-urban functions. Due to the rapidly progressing process of urbanization, cities are beginning to occupy every available space in large parts of the world. That is why the idea of a closed city is becoming rapidly outdated, and open forms adopted by them and connected with the rural landscape have caused the problem of defining a new concept of contemporary urban-rural space. Although often reasons for this phenomenon are seen only in the progressing suburbanization interrupting the continuity of urban structures, this problem is much more complex and related to the search for an alternative to the outdated form of the city. The paper includes an analysis of the phenomenon, one of the manifestations of which is the emergence of downtown and suburban housing estates that combine urban features with food production. Examples of implementation illustrate the analysis of transformations, which gave rise to the new idea of urban living. The designed estates are both an element disrupting the city's dense tissue, but also becoming a determinant of the next level of self-sufficiency of urban inhabitants - both structural, functional, energetic and also nutritional from potentially adverse external conditions.
Indoor air in autonomous building
Authors: Koruba Dorota , Piotrowski Jerzy Zbigniew , Piekoszewski Robert , Grochal Włodzimierz
Published: August 2018

The paper describes the use of renewable energy sources in an autonomous home in the aspect of sustainable development. The work contains an analysis of the results of the quality parameters of the internal microclimate (carbon dioxide concentration and relative humidity), mycological cleanliness of the enclosed spaces in the study was taken into account, the immediate proximity of the pond as a biological treatment plant, which is also an integral part of the ecosystem with a closed cycle of organic matter and influences independence energy of the tested object. Parameters of the microclimate were taken from the BMS (Building Management System) installed in the facility, while mycological purity tests were carried out using the sedimentation and collision method. Based on the conducted analyses, conclusions have been drawn that can be used in the design of autonomous objects.
The measurements of snow cover volume in the area of Szrenicki Cirque
Authors: Lewińska Paulina , Sowiński Dominik , Szombara Stanisław
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this project is to determine a fast way of calculating the volume and distribution of snow mantle, which is located in wide terrain concavities in mountain areas. Our study area was so-called Szrenicki Cirque (Kocioł Szrenicki), which is the nival recess, located in Karkonosze Mountains, Poland. We analyzed modern technologies, that are designed to generate 3D-models: terrain laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry (including structure-from-motion technique). There were two major reasons for our research. First, analyzing if a structure-frommotion based software is capable of creating a 3D model of snow cover since potential tie points for adjoin pictures are scarce. The second was to establish the quality and accuracy of this model in relation to potentially more accurate terrestrial laser scanning results. An important issue was also is to estimate the fastest, simplest and least expensive methodology that can be implemented as a daily task of Karkonosze National Park workers. A proper, fast, safe and accurate method of calculating the snow cover volume would incise the safety and avalanche risk evaluation in the vicinity of Karkonosze Mountains. In addition, the developed method can be used to monitor the risk of local spring floods.
The impact of coarse aggregate shape on the behavior of self-compacting high-performance concrete
Authors: Ostrowski Krzysztof
Published: August 2018

Self-Compacting High Performance Concrete (SCHPC) presents a crucial step in the development of concrete technology. The most important features of self-consolidating concrete are flowability, segregation resistance and passing ability. Generally, the rheological properties are modified by effective superplasticisers and water to binder ratio. The aim of this study is to focus on the important aspect of the impact of shape of the coarse aggregate on fresh concrete mixture properties, strength and deformability of SCHPC. Coarse aggregate is a significant proportion of the concrete volume and therefore has a meaningful influence on its quality. By appropriate selection of the shape of the grain aggregate, it is possible to affect the rheological parameters of concrete. The results presented in this study indicated that the shape of the grains of coarse aggregate has an impact on the strength and stiffness of SCHPC. Moreover, the occurrence of irregular grains of coarse aggregate causes lower slump flow and higher plastic viscosity in comparison to concrete mixtures with regular grains only. The research presented in this article is part of the author's wider research devoted to this issue.
Exergy analysis of cavitation pretreatment of sludge
Authors: Różycki Sławomir , Banaś Marian
Published: August 2018

A number of papers present exergy analyses of various wastewater treatment systems. The current development of these systems is mainly aimed at improving their energy efficiency, reducing the share of sludge subject to storage, and reducing their harmfulness. Some of these systems can be supported by the use of the cavitation phenomenon in the processing. The generation of cavitation requires, however, the use of devices or machines and thus additional energy consumption. Therefore, this treatment should be objectively justified, e.g. through exergy analysis, which takes into account not only the amount of energy used in processes, but also its quality. The paper treats the methodology for determining the impact of the use of cavitation in the exergy balance of sewage sludge treatment system. Then, it presents the results of an exemplary analysis comparing sewage sludge treatment systems (with and without application of cavitation phenomenon) in which biogas is produced during the fermentation, then burned in a co-generator, finally receiving useful energy in the form of electric current and hot flue gas stream.
Biomass-powered micro cogeneration system based on the modified Rankine Cycle operation - the initial tests
Authors: Sornek Krzysztof , Goryl Wojciech , Filipowicz Mariusz
Published: August 2018

This paper shows results of initial tests of prototypical microcogeneration system based on the modified Rankine cycle operation. This system is powered by a 100 kW straw-fired batch boiler which was adapted to operate as a high temperature heat source. Thermal oil, heated up to 190-200°C, transfers heat to two shell and tube heat exchangers (evaporator and superheater). Steam powers a 2-cylinder, double-acting, 20-horsepower steam engine. Then, it is condensed in a condenser (another shell and tube heat exchanger) and pumped to the degasser. Finally, condensate is pumped to the evaporator and the whole process starts again. The steam engine is connected with a power generator. The operation of the developed micro-cogeneration system is controlled by the control and measurement system based on WAGO PFC200 PLC controller. The following parameters are recording: temperature, pressure and medium flow (in the boiler, oil, steam and water circuits). The results of the initial tests are promising. Power generated in the system is actually about 1,0 kWel. Such power is sufficient for supplying a part of the system’s equipment. On the other hand, it is finally expected to ensure selfsufficient operation of the tested system.
A two-step approach for assessing the revitalization capability of historic buildings
Authors: Terlikowski Wojciech
Published: August 2018

The assessment of the revitalization capacity of historic buildings is an innovative method of interdisciplinary diagnostics, in which the condition of the building is analyzed in a context of a revitalization process. This context enforces an approach which takes into account nontechnical issues, the analysis of which gives the opportunity to draw up appropriate revitalization concepts. These issues are usually described in communal revitalization programs, taking into account social, educational and health problems of the local community. Properly carried out interdisciplinary diagnostics can show how non-technical problems can be solved by technical actions concerning a building located in a revitalized area. The two-step approach for assessing the revitalization capacity is aimed at showing the current state of the existing historic building, which has a certain potential in both technical and non-technical areas, which may directly affect the process of revitalization of the area in a crisis situation. In the first stage of the analysis, we obtain the values of partial factors - legal and formal state, historical and cultural value, structural aspects, impact on human, external environment, energy efficiency, innovation and impact on the local community factors. The difference between the acquired value of the factor and its maximum value shows a potential of the building concerning a given issue. Taking it into consideration, non-technical factors can be used to increase the building’s value by planning specific revitalization activities which utilize the building's potential. The article discusses the method of effectively shaping revitalization activities by raising the partial assessment factors.
Multiflux sedimentation process of industrial suspensions without addition of a flocculant
Authors: Turlej Tymoteusz
Published: August 2018

The development of a closed-circular economy is an opportunity to increase its competitiveness and reduce operating costs. Repeated use of water taken from the environment in industrial plants has been used for many years. An important aspect is to maintain the required physicochemical parameters throughout the entire process. The required physicochemical parameters should be maintained by applying appropriate purification processes. The use of a closed cycle of water circulation in production processes allows reducing the load of sewage affecting the environment. Mechanical treatment of wastewater, e.g. through the use of the sedimentation process, is slow and often requires the support of coagulation or flocculation processes, and thus the use of auxiliary chemistry. At the same time, to increase the efficiency of the sedimentation process, it is possible to use multiflux fillings to accelerate the sedimentation process without the use of chemicals. The article presents the results of the use of multiflux fillings in the sedimentation process on the example of selected industrial suspensions.
The gradation impact of glass material on combined with copper
Authors: Wilkos Izabela , Jędrzak Marcin , Szymczak Marek
Published: August 2018

The results of observation on the impact of the glass baking process on the quality of connection with glass drenched in copper. The aim of the work is to present the results obtained in the process of fragmentation of the glass and the assessment of the particle size distribution on the durability of the connection of glass and copper. The test used two types of glass divided by different fineness. Copper was used in the form of galvanized sheet metal and pipes and cables to diversify cross-section openness. Received samples were cut with a circular saw in accordance with vertical and horizontal axis. Microscopic analysis, allowing to evaluate porosity of obtained composite, was carried out. On the basis of the analysis of the results, it was specified that fineness of glass and the temperature of the baking process has a significant influence on the combination of glass with copper.
Evolution of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) into a Data Mining Discovery Engine. II. Current Contents and Future Plans
Authors: Schmitz Marion
Published: August 2018

Recent advances have been made in evolving the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) into a data mining discovery engine. Infrastructure changes and data integration techniques are enabling more than a 10-fold expansion. NED will soon contain over a billion objects with their fundamental attributes (such as names, positions, redshifts, fluxes, and diameters) determined via cross-identifications among the largest sky surveys and over 100,000 smaller but scientifically important catalogs and journal articles. In addition, enhancements to the user interface, including new APIs, VO protocols, and queries involving derived physical quantities, will provide new pathways for multi-wavelength studies of large extragalactic samples.
First Light for DOIs at ESO
Authors: Bordelon Dominic , Grothkopf Uta , Meakins Silvia
Published: August 2018

Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are a helpful tool for academic research, and their use continues to grow. DOIs assist in citing and identifying research data, as well as in combating link rot. As a producer of large amounts of astronomical data, ESO has become interested in creating DOIs for its datasets. However, there are significant considerations to be undertaken in reaching this goal, and some local infrastructure is required. The ESO Library has planned, designed, and implemented a local solution for creating DOIs, consisting of an application, the ESO DOI Service, which other departments can use. This paper discusses the requirements, development process, and features of the ESO DOI Service.
Evaluation of research publications and publication channels in astronomy and astrophysics
Authors: Isaksson Eva , Vesterinen Henrik
Published: August 2018

The astronomy community usually turns to the Astrophysics Data System for bibliometrics. When the context is cross-disciplinary, commercial products like Web of Science and Scopus are used along with related analytics tools instead. The results are often tainted by inherent problems in the chosen classification system. A review of the most common challenges and pitfalls is given. Commercial altmetrics products could be added to the evaluation toolbox in the near future despite the fact that they are best suited for promotion instead of evaluation. Norway, Denmark, and Finland have created journal and publisher ranking systems that are used in national funding models. Differences in how astronomy journals are weighed in these systems night be related to the volume of papers published on a national level.
Toward Binding Database Interfaces with Scientific Papers
Authors: Michel Laurent , Acar Sinan , Landais Gilles , Schaaff André
Published: August 2018

Despite a large variety of facilities helping to either select or manipulate data from Web interfaces, it remains diffcult to provide users with relevant scientific or technical annotations for those data. Introducing such content by hand into a Web interface is a tedious job with a risk of providing in complete or inadequate content. To overcome this diffculty, we are exploring the possibility of using the names of exposed quantities to index a text corpus. This index can be used to show the most relevant text snippets in a given context. The full text can be displayed by user request and automatically scroll down to that snippet. Our approach is based on the conversion of PDF papers into machinereadable files that are indexed by a search engine. Index entries are reported as PDF annotations that are used to control the display. This workflow has been tested on the IVOA standard corpus as a proof of concept. It has then been applied to the XMM-Newtonuser guides for our catalog interface. Finally, it has been adapted to find resources within portals exposing a lot of various data collections.
Who is LISA?
Authors: Thompson Donna
Published: August 2018

The field of library science is always changing. Even professional library organizationshave conducted studies about changing the name of the profession. All of the attendees of the LISA meeting are involved in Library and Information Sciences in Astronomy and we represent a number of different organizations and professions. In crafting a white paper about the profession, an ethnographic study of the field was proposed with the research reported on at the LISA meeting. The research methods include an online survey and in person interviews with various members of the community. We hope to identify trends, differences and a road map for the future.
VOResource and DataCite: Converging Metadata Schemes
Authors: Demleitner Markus
Published: August 2018

For the past 10 years, VOResource, together with its extensions, has been the metadata schema used for service description and discovery in the Virtual Observatory (VO). We are currently evolving the core VOResource schema into a version 1.1, in particular to ensure smooth interoperability with the DataCite metadata kernel. In this contribution, we will give a brief overview of how and why VOResource has supplemented Dublin Core with “actionable” metadata, as well as how the current evolution will update it to provide easy paths for VO data providers into the DataCite world.
AASTeX and the challenges of publishing in an increasingly interactive environment
Authors: Schwarz Greg
Published: August 2018

In 2016 the American Astronomical Society (AAS) released two new versions of its LaTeX classfile, AASTeX. These were the first changes in over 11 years and included many new features to enhance an author’s ability to present their science in a format conducive to publishing in the AAS environment. While LaTeX is an excellent way to convey the written word, it lacks robust support for many desirable features including collaborative editing, large table support and figure interactivity. Bridging the gap between the old methods of writing and reviewing a printed manuscript and the new features the AAS has available and is working on implementing in a published HTML article is an ongoing challenge. This talk will highlight the new features of AASTeX and discuss how AAS publishing will move forward.
The Cost of Astronomy Publishing fees in astronomy: Is something rotten in the case of Denmark?
Authors: Dorch Bertil F.
Published: August 2018

Using Scopus and national sources, I have investigated the evolution of the cost of publishing in Danish astronomy on a fine scale over a number of years. I find that the number of publications per year from Danish astronomers increased by a factor of four during 15 years: naturally, the corresponding potential cost of publishing must have increased similarly. The actual realized cost of publishing in core journals are investigated for a high profile Danish astronomy research institutions. I argue that the situation is highly unstable if the current cost scenario continues, and I speculate that Danish astronomy is risking a scholarly communication collapse due to the combination of increasing subscription cost, increased research output, and increased direct publishing costs related to Open Access and other page charges.
Cooperative Community Opportunities and the ADS
Authors: Thompson Donna , Grant Carolyn
Published: August 2018

The ADS is used daily by the astronomy community and benefits from the cooperative nature of our contributors. In this poster we will outline some of the ways that the library community can continue to contribute to this resource. As online publishing trends continue to evolve, conference proceedings and presentations, PhD theses and other digital artifacts are being deposited to research data repositories such as Zenodo or Dataverse. We will describe the process that ADS follows to include relevant collections from such repositories when properly curated by librarians or researchers. In addition, while most of what we receive is vetted before it gets to us, we sometimes find ourselves in the position of having to determine whether or not an article, proceeding or other submission is refereed. ADS has guidelines on how we determine this but sometimes the lines are not so clear and sometimes the arguments on both sides are compelling. The process that we follow will be outlined and we would appreciate feedback on this topic. Finally, given the expertise of librarians in their field and within their organization, the ADS encourages librarians to consider submitting curated institutional bibliographies for inclusion in the ADS.
Otto Rank (1884-1939) : affections somatiques et traumatisme de la naissance
Authors: Chemouni Jacquy
Published: August 2018

Le rejet des travaux de Rank rédigés après la publication en 1924 du Traumatisme de la naissance a complètement occulté l’originalité de l’approche psychosomatique développée dans cet ouvrage mais également dans d’autres textes contemporains. Les études sur l’histoire de la psychanalyse ne s’y réfèrent jamais, alors que d’autres psychanalystes scissionnistes, tels Adler, Reich ou Boss, pourtant bien éloignés de la pensée freudienne, font parfois figure d’innovateurs dans ce domaine. Rank mérite toutefois de figurer parmi les pionniers de la psychosomatique dont l’œuvre n’est pas sans avoir influencé des auteurs comme Winnicott. Cet article se propose de présenter la perspective psychosomatique originale dans laquelle s’inscrivent ses travaux. Après un bref rappel de sa biographie et des principales idées innovantes qu’il développe après sa rupture avec le mouvement psychanalytique, nous nous attacherons à cerner les grandes axes de sa conception de la psychosomatique.
Controverses doctrinales post-lacaniennes sur les phénomènes psychosomatiques
Authors: Dimitriadis Yorgos
Published: August 2018

Lacan a abordé les phénomènes psychosomatiques surtout à travers son concept du signifiant gelé. Certains de ses successeurs ont utilisé ce concept selon différentes manières. Ainsi, par exemple, il existe diverses façons de concevoir la possibilité d’intervention de l’analyste sur les présumés signifiants gelés de l’analysant. D’aucuns postulent que l’intervention sur de tels signifiants gelés peut mettre fin à l’expression de phénomènes psychosomatiques. Mais, d’autres auteurs contestent cette possibilité d’intervention de la part de l’analyste. Une discussion est faite aussi sur la parenté de phénomènes psychosomatiques avec d’autres phénomènes cliniques comme l’hallucination, l’angoisse, l’émotion, l’humeur et le passage à l’acte.
Fractura de cadera en el paciente mayor de 90 años: nuestro nuevo desafío
Authors: Azócar Sanhueza Camila , González Almonacid Javier , Quezada Morales José , Sabat Villazón Khader , Valiente Valenzuela Roberto , Hübner Hoffman Christian , Liendo Verdugo Rodrigo
Published: August 2018

Introducción El envejecimiento mundial de la población ha resultado en un aumento de las fracturas de cadera y sobre todo en pacientes cada vez más añosos. El objetivo es buscar la mortalidad al año y factores asociados en nuestra realidad nacional.

Materiales y Métodos Estudio retrospectivo observacional de fichas clínicas e imagenología de pacientes mayores de 90 años operados por fractura de cadera en la capital de nuestro país. Se presentan dos grupos según su sistema previsional, pacientes pertenecientes al sistema de salud público (SSPu) y pertenecientes a un sistema de salud privado (SSPr). Se realiza análisis estadístico univariado y multivariado con test de Chi2, Mann-Whitney y regresión logística.

Resultados 129 pacientes mayores de 90 años operados por fractura de cadera (85 pertenecientes al SSPu y 44 en el SSPr), cumplieron con criterios de inclusión y exclusión en un período de 2 años. El promedio de edad general fue de 93,2 años (SD 2,9) sin diferencia entre grupos. El tiempo preoperatorio fue significativamente menor en el SSPr con mediana de 1 día (0–7) y de 6 días (1–40) para el SSPu (p < 0,001). La mortalidad general al año fue de 30,2% siendo de 38,8% para el SSPu y de 13,6% para el SSPr con diferencia significativa (p = 0,003). No se encontró asociación estadística en la mortalidad al año con las variables edad, género ni tipo de fractura. Se encontró asociación entre la mortalidad al año y menor tiempo preoperatorio (p < 0,001). En el análisis multivariado de mortalidad el único factor protector fue pertenecer al SSPr (p = 0,010).

Discusión La mortalidad general de nuestros pacientes es similar a lo encontrado en la literatura internacional, siendo el menor tiempo preoperatorio y pertenecer al sistema de salud privado factores asociados a menor mortalidad al año, donde ese último es el único factor asociado en el estudio multivariable. Este estudio aporta a la contingencia nacional en describir cómo se comporta nuestra población tanto en el sistema de salud privado como en el público. Es necesario estudiar el efecto en la mortalidad de otros factores asociados que no fueron evaluados en el presente trabajo.
Analyzing the audio signals of degenerative arthritis with an electronic stethoscope
Authors: Cheng Yung-Tsung , Tai Cheng-Chi , Chou Willy , Tang Shih-Tsang , Lin Jiun-Hung
Published: August 2018

The advance of modern medical technology has extended people’s life and increased the average age of the society. Some chronic diseases are due to the aging of the population and knee joint aging is a common disease in the elderly. Common joint pathology contains degenerative arthritis, arthroncus of knees, and gouty arthritis. Knee joints are the largest and the most complicated joints in a human body as well as the joint bearing huge pressure. Wrong posture, overuse, or vigorous exercise often cause injuries to knee joints, and such injuries could easily result in joint pathology and patients falling and breaking bones due to pain and powerlessness. An acoustic wave technology, aiming at knee joints, is designed to examine a patient’s current condition of joints. An electronic stethoscope or high-resolution recording equipment is utilized for collecting necessary signals, through which the wide-frequency audio signals of knee joints could be measured for the analyses and statistics in a back-end computer. Besides, it could classify the groups with healthy and degenerative knee joints to assist physicians in proceeding non-invasive joint degeneration examination clinically and doing the most suitable rehabilitation therapy.
Analysis of Zn substitution on structure, optical absorption, magnetization, and high temperature specific heat anomaly of the nano-crystalline LaFeO3
Authors: Manzoor Samiya , Husain Shahid
Published: August 2018

Nano-crystalline LaFe1−xZnxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) samples synthesized through the sol-gel auto-combustion technique have been studied. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that all the samples have an orthorhombic crystal structure and exist in a single phase. Bond lengths and bond angles determined using Rietveld refinement change with the concentration, leading to the modification of the parent structure. The change in the structure is reflected in the thermal measurements too. The morphological studies reveal a wide-range of particle size distribution, consisting of nanometer-sized particles to macro-agglomerations. FTIR spectra show two strong active vibrational bands present at 564 cm−1 and 410 cm−1, which are related to the functional groups present in the material. The optical bandgap has been determined and is found to decrease with the increase in the concentration of Zn. Raman spectroscopy rules out the symmetry breaking or any other structural phase transition in the system. The Raman spectra reveal the strain present in the samples on increasing the concentration of Zn doping. The doping of Zn in place of Fe produces distortion mainly in the oxygen bending and stretching vibrations. Specific heat as a function of temperature has been studied and found to be sensitive to magnetic ordering. The Neel temperature decreases from 411 °C to 377 °C with the increase in the Zn concentration, which is concomitant with the Rietveld analysis. The density of our system decreases with Zn doping and leads to the increased value of specific heat. Hysteresis loops indicate that Zn doping increases the magnetic moment and decreases the coercivity.
Efficient scheme for calculating work of adhesion between a liquid and polymer-grafted substrate
Authors: Uranagase Masayuki , Ogata Shuji , Tanaka Kouichi , Mori Hodaka , Tajima Satomi
Published: August 2018

We propose a method for calculating the work of adhesion between a liquid and solid surface by using molecular simulations. Two ideas are introduced for efficient calculation when the proposed method is applied at the interface between a liquid and a polymer-grafted substrate. First, the liquid molecules are separated from the solid surface based on its shape by placing spherically symmetric potentials around the atoms selected from the substrate and the polymers grafted onto it. Second, to avoid deterioration of accuracy during numerical integration of the work, the parameters that appear in the potential are updated so that variations in the gradient of the work are suppressed. This method is applied to the interface between water and a gold substrate modified by poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and it is found that the work of adhesion is greater at intermediate PEO densities.
Diamagnetic current measurements in a solid-state plasma
Authors: Hallock Gary A. , Meier Mark A.
Published: August 2018

Using a resonant structure, we have established large pressure gradients in a magnetized indium antimonide (InSb) plasma. This produces diamagnetic current in the milliampere range. The magnetic field generated by the current is sensed with a small magnetic coil. The operating frequency is about 230 kHz with a power level on the order of 100 mW. The InSb is magnetized with a 1 T magnetic field produced with permanent magnets. We show good agreement between our experimental measurements and the expected diamagnetic current.
Analytical model of electro-hydrodynamic flow in corona discharge
Authors: Guan Yifei , Vaddi Ravi Sankar , Aliseda Alberto , Novosselov Igor
Published: August 2018

We present an analytical model for electro-hydrodynamic flow that describes the relationship between the corona voltage, electric field, and ion charge density. The interaction between the accelerated ions and the neutral gas molecules is modeled as an external body force in the Navier-Stokes equation. The gas flow characteristics are solved from conservation principles with spectral methods. This multiphysics model is shown to match experimental data for a point-to-ring corona configuration, shedding new insights into mass, charge, and momentum transport phenomena, and can be readily implemented in any numerical simulation.
Dependence of indium content in monolayer-thick InGaN quantum wells on growth temperature in InxGa1-xN/In0.02Ga0.98N superlattices
Authors: Wolny P. , Anikeeva M. , Sawicka M. , Schulz T. , Markurt T. , Albrecht M. , Siekacz M. , Skierbiszewski C.
Published: August 2018

We investigate the In content in single monolayer (ML)-thick InxGa1-xN quantum wells (QWs) as a function of the growth temperature ranging from 650 °C to 480 °C, stacked in a superlattice (SL). The SLs were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy using high N-flux. For the evaluation of the indium concentrations, scanning transmission electron microscopy high angle annular dark field (STEM-HAADF) studies were combined with local lattice parameter measurements obtained from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images. The mean In content in the QWs increases from 11% to 23% when the growth temperature decreases from 650 °C to 610 °C. Further decrease in the growth temperature results in a saturation of the mean In content. Our experiments show that a substantial reduction of the growth temperature is not a practical way to obtain pseudomorphically grown InN MLs on GaN(0001). The InGaN QW thickness is limited to 1 ML and is not affected by a change of growth temperature. For two SL structures grown at constant temperatures of 640 °C and 600 °C, increase in the In content in the QWs causes a shift in the peak emission from 382 to 395 nm, as was measured by cathodoluminescence at 7 K. The application of X-ray diffraction studies to analyze the composition of InGaN ML-thick QWs in SLs is discussed.
Spreading of impinging droplets on nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Guo Jianwei , Lin Shiji , Zhao Binyu , Deng Xu , Chen Longquan
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we experimentally and numerically investigated the spreading of impinging droplets of two sizes and different viscosities on nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces. We show that the spreading characteristics of impinging droplets are highly dependent on the impact velocity and liquid viscosity, but less dependent on the droplet size. The maximum spreading factor, which increases with impact velocity but decreases with liquid viscosity, cannot be well described by the theoretical models developed at a level of scaling analysis in the literature. Based on numerical simulations, we analyze the temporal evolution of all energy terms involved in the dynamics, and demonstrate that the deviation of the theoretical predictions from experimental results is due to the neglect of the residual kinetic energy and improper estimation of the interfacial and viscous dissipation energies in the theoretical models.
Sr-doped LaMoN3 and LaWN3: New degenerate p-type nitrides
Authors: Singh Santosh , Tripathi Madhvendra Nath
Published: August 2018

Structural and optoelectronic behaviours of Lanthnum molybdate and Lanthnum tungstate based semiconducting stable nitrides perovskite, LaMoN3 and LaWN3, are investigated using density functional theory based first-principles calculations. The equation of state curve fitting confirms that LaMoN3 and LaWN3 exhibit the ground state structural stability in C2/c and R3C phases, respectively. Electronic structure calculations using HSE 06 functional reveal that the energy band gap of these materials lies in the visible region along with high dispersive nature of top of the valance band result in smaller hole effective masses. Doping of divalent cation Sr2+ to replace La3+ in these materials with the stoichiometry La1−xSrxMoN3(x = 0.0625, 0.125) and La1−xSrxWN3(x = 0.0825, 0.165) significantly changes the electronic structure of the compositions and shifts the Fermi level into valance band indicates the degenerate p-type nature of these semiconducting compositions. The shifting of the Fermi level into the valence band reproduces significant intraband transitions in the optical spectra of both the compositions. The transmittance of lightly doped La1−xSrxMoN3(x = 0.0625) and La1−xSrxWN3(x = 0.0825) increases significantly in the optical region due to lower values of the reflectivity. The lower electron and hole effective masses with considerable transmittance in the visible region indicate the suitability of these compositions as degenerate p-type semiconductors for a diverse range of applications such as in light emitting diodes and in photovoltaics.
Localization for a one-dimensional split-step quantum walk with bound states robust against perturbations
Authors: Fuda Toru , Funakawa Daiju , Suzuki Akito
Published: August 2018

For given two unitary and self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space, a spectral mapping theorem was proved in the work of Higuchi et al. (e-print arXiv:1506.06457) [see also E. Segawa and A. Suzuki, Quantum Stud.: Math. Found. 3, 11 (2016)]. In this paper, as an application of the spectral mapping theorem, we investigate the spectrum of a one-dimensional split-step quantum walk. We give a criterion for when there are no eigenvalues around ±1 in terms of a discriminant operator. We also provide a criterion for when eigenvalues ±1 exist in terms of birth eigenspaces. Moreover, we prove that eigenvectors from the birth eigenspaces decay exponentially at spatial infinity and that the birth eigenspaces are robust against perturbations.
Area and extraction field analysis of the analogue saturation of 40 mm microchannel plate photomultiplier tubes
Authors: Milnes J. S. , Conneely T. M. , Horsfield C. J. , Lapington J.
Published: August 2018

Microchannel plate (MCP) photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are a well-established instrument for the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) community, with several detectors installed at NIF, Omega (LLE Rochester), and Orion (AWE). The analog signals produced at these major ICF facilities cover many orders of magnitude and often need multiple detectors operating at different levels of electron gain. As such, understanding the upper saturation limit of MCP-PMTs to large, low rate signals takes on a high importance. A previous study looked at the saturation limit of double and single MCP-PMTs over their full working area with pulse widths between 4 ns and 100 ns. This follow-on analysis will look at the effect of how the illuminated area affects the saturation limit and at the impact of the MCP to anode extraction field on the impulse response and the level of saturation.
Temperature dependent spin Hall conductivity in n-GaAs epitaxial layers measured by inverse spin Hall effect
Authors: Khamari Shailesh K. , Porwal S. , Sharma T. K.
Published: August 2018

The photo-induced inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) experiments are conducted in heavily doped n-GaAs epitaxial layers by measuring the transverse electric current generated through the diffusion of optically injected spin orientations over a temperature range of 10–300 K. ISHE origin of the measured signal is confirmed through meticulous checks including the characteristic dependence of magnitude of signal on the angle of incidence. The measured value of ISHE current (IISHE) is observed to fall with the increase in temperature. Furthermore, the value of spin current density is theoretically estimated by solving the spin diffusion equation with appropriate boundary conditions for an epitaxial layer. It is shown that by near resonant excitation and subsequent solution of diffusion equation, the spin Hall angle (γ) and spin Hall conductivity (σSH) can be estimated, provided the effective life time of spin polarized electrons(τS) is known independently. By using the numerically calculated value of τS, the proposed method is implemented to estimate the values of γ and σSH. It is found that the fall in the values of IISHE at high temperatures is not governed by σSH, rather by a rapid decrease in the values of τS. In fact, σSH is seen to increase with the temperature, which is compared with existing literature. The present work provides the necessary insight into material parameters which are essential for the development of advanced spin-photonic semiconductor devices.
Excitation and coherent control of magnetization dynamics in magnetic tunnel junctions using acoustic pulses
Authors: Yang H. F. , Garcia-Sanchez F. , Hu X. K. , Sievers S. , Böhnert T. , Costa J. D. , Tarequzzaman M. , Ferreira R. , Bieler M. , Schumacher H. W.
Published: August 2018

We experimentally study magnetization dynamics in magnetic tunnel junctions driven by femtosecond-laser-induced surface acoustic waves. The acoustic pulses induce a magnetization precession in the free layer of the magnetic tunnel junction through magnetoelastic coupling. The frequency and amplitude of the precession show a pronounced dependence on the applied magnetic field and the laser excitation position. Comparing the acoustic-wave-induced precession frequencies with precession induced by charge currents and with micromagnetic simulations, we identify spatially non-uniform magnetization modes localized close to the edge regions as being responsible for the optically induced magnetization dynamics. The experimental scheme even allows us to coherently control the magnetization precession using two acoustic pulses. This might prove important for future applications requiring ultrafast spin manipulation. Additionally, our results directly pinpoint the importance of acoustic pulses since they could be relevant when investigating optically induced temperature effects in magnetic structures.
Effects of the erosion zone of magnetron sputtering targets on the spatial distribution of structural and electrical properties of transparent conductive Al-doped ZnO polycrystalline films
Authors: Nomoto Junichi , Makino Hisao , Inaba Katsuhiko , Kobayashi Shintaro , Yamamoto Tetsuya
Published: August 2018

We investigated the effects of the erosion zone of magnetron sputtering (MS) targets on the deposition rates of magnetron-sputtered Al-doped ZnO (AZO) polycrystalline films and on the structural and electrical properties of the resulting AZO films. We deposited AZO films on glass substrates at a substrate temperature of 200 °C, which were placed parallel to the target surface, by radio frequency (RF), direct current (DC) or RF-superimposed DC (RF/DC) MS. Sintered AZO targets with an Al2O3 content of 2.0 wt. % were used. The structural and electrical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Hall-effect measurements, respectively. For RF-magnetron-sputtered AZO films, the results of the electron probe microanalyzer and photo luminescence measurements show that the effects of the erosion zone of the targets on the properties were very small at any given substrate position, resulting in small differences in the structural and electrical properties among the AZO films grown at different substrate positions. In the case of DC-magnetron-sputtered AZO films, residual damage owing to recoiling Ar atoms was found, particularly for the films grown at substrate positions in the area opposite to the erosion zone of the targets. This gives rise to the formation of nonradiative recombination centers, low carrier concentration, and high contribution of grain boundary scattering to carrier transport owing to poor alignments between columnar grains, resulting in low Hall mobility. In this study, we prove that the use of the RF/DC MS technique is effective in reducing the amount of residual damage.
Photoelectron spectra of copper oxide cluster anions from first principles methods
Authors: Shi Bin , Weissman Shira , Bruneval Fabien , Kronik Leeor , Öğüt Serdar
Published: August 2018

We present results and analyses for the photoelectron spectra of small copper oxide cluster anions (CuO−, CuO2−, CuO3−, and Cu2O−). The spectra are computed using various techniques, including density functional theory (DFT) with semi-local, global hybrid, and optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functionals, as well as many-body perturbation theory within the GW approximation based on various DFT starting points. The results are compared with each other and with the available experimental data. We conclude that as in many metal-organic systems, self-interaction errors are a major issue that is mitigated by hybrid functionals. However, these need to be balanced against a strong role of non-dynamical correlation—especially in smaller, more symmetric systems—where errors are alleviated by semi-local functionals. The relative importance of the two phenomena, including practical ways of balancing the two constraints, is discussed in detail.
Design of an imaging Fabry-Pérot interferometer for the VEST edge plasma temperature measurement
Authors: Ham Seunggi , Britun Nikolay , Kim Doyeon , Kim Yoosung , Oh Soo-Ghee , Hwang Y. S.
Published: August 2018

A new technique for gas temperature determination in fusion plasmas based on time- and space-resolved imaging interferometry is presented. The proposed imaging interferometer includes a multi-channel optical fiber bundle, a pair of flat mirrors, collimating lenses, and a fast camera for registration of interferometry fringes. The technique is applied for ion temperature measurements in the Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus (VEST) tokamak located at the Seoul National University. The multi-channel operation regime of the interferometer is studied by simulations. The first experimental two-channel results obtained using the Hα emission line from the VEST plasma edge are presented and analyzed. The mentioned apparatus is suggested to be especially useful for the multi-point time-resolved characterization of the non-repetitive processes in low-temperature regions of fusion plasmas.