bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Xenogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for mandibular defect regeneration
Authors: Tee Boon Ching , Sun Zongyang
Published: July 2020

Background

It is commonly accepted that xenogeneic stem cell transplantation for tissue engineering is faced with host immune rejection. Using a rat critical‐size mandibular defect model, this study examined whether the immune rejection can be evaded by diminishing T‐cell immunity.

Methods

To examine donor cell survival and host immune reaction, pig bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) were labeled with CM‐DiI, loaded onto gelatin sponge (5 × 106 cells/scaffold), and transplanted into 5‐mm mandibular defects of immunocompetent and T cell‐deficient athymic rats. To examine the effects of xenogeneic BM‐MSCs on bone regeneration, athymic rats undergone the same surgeries were terminated at post‐operative weeks 1, 3, and 6. Control rats underwent the same jaw surgery without BM‐MSC transplantation.

Results

The density of CM‐DiI‐labeled BM‐MSCs decreased with time in both strains of rats. Although it was substantially higher in athymic rats than in immunocompetent rats at post‐operative day 1, by day 3‐7 the density became comparable between the two strains of rats. Apoptosis reflected by cleaved Caspase‐3 staining was low in both strains. Stronger infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, B cells and CD8+ T cells was found in MSC‐treated animals. In athymic rats, infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages was strong, but it occurred later than that in immunocompetent rats. While bone volume fraction significantly increased with time (P < .001), no difference was found between MSC‐treated and control groups.

Conclusions

Even in hosts with deficient T‐cell immunity, xenogeneic BM‐MSC transplantation into mandibular critical‐sized defects still faces challenges from host innate immunity, which compromises their regenerative efficacy.
A Simplified Fatigue Assessment Method for ASME VIII-2
Authors: Shen Jun , Lu Mingwan , Peng Heng , Liu Yinghua , Chen Zhiwei
Published: July 2020

Fatigue is one of the most common and important failure modes in pressure vessel. ASME VIII-2 provides three screening criterion and three detailed assessment method for fatigue failure. With the decrease of material design factor and the extension of fatigue curve to high cycle, the applicable scope of the three screening criteria become relatively smaller and the economic efficiency is also reduced. Meanwhile, the three fatigue evaluation methods given in ASME VIII-2 Code are all based on detailed numerical calculations (such as finite element analysis (FEA)). Both economic cost and requirements of technical personnel of engineers are higher. In this paper, a simplified fatigue evaluation method is proposed, which gives simple implementation procedures and relatively conservative fatigue evaluation results. Compared with the screening criteria method A, the main advantage is that the scope of its application is wider, that is: (1) the number of significant load cycle can be considered is extended from 1000 to 105; (2) there is no upper limit to the range of pressure fluctuation, which is 20% in method A. Compared with the screening criteria method B, the main advantage is that this method is much simpler and for most materials, design fatigue curves are not required during calculation and evaluation. Compared with the three detailed assessment methods given in ASME VIII-2, this method is very convenient and does not require detailed FEA. The method proposed in this paper can simplify the evaluation process of fatigue analysis in a certain range and provide a more cost-effective engineering assessment method.
Rectilinear Tasks Optimization of a Modular Serial Metamorphic Manipulator
Authors: Stravopodis N. A. , Moulianitis V. C.
Published: July 2020

This paper proposes a method for optimizing rectilinear tasks on a 3 degrees-of-freedom (DoF) modular serial metamorphic manipulator. The overall experimental process was designed in order for theoretical assumptions and previous experimental results, regarding the characteristics of a class of reconfigurable manipulators to be verified. The optimization procedure undergoes two stages. In each stage, the tasks are initially simulated and the optimal solutions obtained are afterward evaluated in the manipulator. Optimal task placement in the configuration space of the reference anatomy is concerned in the first optimization stage. Two different kinematic manipulability measures are utilized to form the objective function of the genetic algorithm (GA) used. Determination of the optimal anatomy for each task execution is concerned in the second stage. All feasible anatomies are exhaustively evaluated, and the anatomy with minimum execution time achieved in simulation is considered as optimal. The simulated tasks are executed for the reference and the optimal anatomy extracted. Overall task execution time reduction is measured. For tasks executed, Tool Center Point (TCP) position and velocity are obtained from navigation equations using measurements from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. In order to obtain more accurate solutions from position and velocity equations, a Kalman filter (KF) algorithm is implemented. Finally, conclusions are made based on the results of each task execution. Overall the metamorphic manipulator can achieve higher kinematic performance and minimize task execution time for the optimal anatomy calculated. Optimal task placement for the reference anatomy also reduces the task execution time.
Human Paramyxovirus Infections Induce T Cells That Cross-React with Zoonotic Henipaviruses
Authors: de Vries Rory D. , de Jong Alwin , Verburgh R. Joyce , Sauerhering Lucie , van Nierop Gijsbert P. , van Binnendijk Robert S. , Osterhaus Albert D. M. E. , Maisner Andrea , Koopmans Marion P. G. , de Swart Rik L.
Published: July 2020

Humans encounter multiple paramyxoviruses early in life. This study shows that infection with common paramyxoviruses can induce T cells cross-reactive with the highly pathogenic Nipah virus. This demonstrates that the combination of paramyxovirus infection history and HLA haplotype affects immunity to phylogenetically related zoonotic paramyxoviruses.
Improved Prediction of Bacterial Genotype-Phenotype Associations Using Interpretable Pangenome-Spanning Regressions
Authors: Lees John A. , Mai T. Tien , Galardini Marco , Wheeler Nicole E. , Horsfield Samuel T. , Parkhill Julian , Corander Jukka
Published: July 2020

Being able to identify the genetic variants responsible for specific bacterial phenotypes has been the goal of bacterial genetics since its inception and is fundamental to our current level of understanding of bacteria. This identification has been based primarily on painstaking experimentation, but the availability of large data sets of whole genomes with associated phenotype metadata promises to revolutionize this approach, not least for important clinical phenotypes that are not amenable to laboratory analysis. These models of phenotype-genotype association can in the future be used for rapid prediction of clinically important phenotypes such as antibiotic resistance and virulence by rapid-turnaround or point-of-care tests. However, despite much effort being put into adapting genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches to cope with bacterium-specific problems, such as strong population structure and horizontal gene exchange, current approaches are not yet optimal. We describe a method that advances methodology for both association and generation of portable prediction models.
Comparison of Oral Microbiota Collected Using Multiple Methods and Recommendations for New Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Yano Yukiko , Hua Xing , Wan Yunhu , Suman Shalabh , Zhu Bin , Dagnall Casey L. , Hutchinson Amy , Jones Kristine , Hicks Belynda D. , Shi Jianxin , Abnet Christian C. , Vogtmann Emily
Published: July 2020

We compared four different oral collection methods for studying the human oral microbiome: an OMNIgene ORAL kit, Scope mouthwash, nonethanol mouthwash, and Saccomanno’s fixative. Our study shows that the type of the collection method can have a large impact on the results of an oral microbiome analysis. We recommend that one consistent oral collection method should be used for all oral microbiome comparisons. While Scope and nonethanol mouthwashes are less expensive and provide results similar to those with OMNIgene, Saccomanno’s fixative may be unfavorable due to the microbial differences detected in this study. Our results will help guide the design of future oral microbiome studies.
Sinonasal inverted schneiderian papilloma presenting as a large intraoral lesion
Authors: Nilesh Kumar , Mukherji Srijon , Kanetkar Sujata R , Vande Aaditee
Published: July 2020

Sinonasal inverted schneiderian papilloma (ISP) is a rare tumour, which almost exclusively arises from the mucosa lining, the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. The tumour in its early stages presents as an asymptomatic mass, which may be discovered during routine examination. Large lesions usually measure a few millimetres to centimetres in size and show symptoms such as nasal blockade, recurrent sinusitis, postnasal drip, anosmia, epistaxis, facial pain and headache. Lesion presenting as a large oral mass is extremely rare and may cause diagnostic dilemma, resulting in misdiagnosis. This report describes a rare case of ISP presenting as large intraoral lesion, with wide area of facial skeletal involvement. Diagnosis and management of the pathology has also been highlighted.
Drivers of weight loss in a CDC-recognized digital diabetes prevention program
Authors: Painter Stefanie L , Lu Wei , Schneider Jennifer , James Roberta , Shah Bimal
Published: July 2020

Introduction

To investigate the impact of the digital Livongo Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) on weight at 12 months, understand participants’ self-monitoring behaviors associated with greater weight loss, and evaluate the impact of coaching interactions on more frequent self-monitoring behaviors.

Research design and methods

A retrospective analysis was performed using data from 2037 participants enrolled in the Livongo DPP who completed lesson 1 and recorded a starting weight during 2016–2017. Self-monitoring behaviors, including weigh-ins, food logging, activity, and coach–participant interactions, were analyzed at 6 and 12 months. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on those who were highly engaged versus those minimally engaged. Multiple regression analysis was performed using demographic, self-monitoring, and lesson attendance data to determine predictors of weight loss at 12 months and coaching impact on self-monitoring.

Results

Participants had a mean age of 50 years (SD ±12), with a starting weight of 94 kg (SD ±21), were college-educated (78%), and were female (74%). Overall, participants lost on average 5.1% of their starting weight. Highly engaged participants lost 6.6% of starting body weight, with 25% losing ≥10% at 12 months. Logistic regression analysis showed each submitted food log was associated with 0.23 kg (p<0.05) weight loss, each lesson completed was associated with 0.14 kg (p<0.05) weight loss, and a week of 150 active minutes was associated with 0.1 kg (p<0.01) weight loss. One additional coach–participant message each week was associated with 1.4 more food logs per week, 1.6% increase in weeks with four or more weigh-ins, and a 2.7% increase in weeks with 150 min of activity.

Conclusions

Food logging had the largest impact on weight loss, followed by lesson engagement and physical activity. Future studies should examine further opportunities to deliver nutrition-based content to increase and sustain weight loss for DPP.
Is reduction of routine radiograph use in patients with distal radius fractures cost effective? Analysis of data from the multicentre, randomised controlled WARRIOR trial
Authors: van Gerven Pieter , van Dongen Johanna M , Rubinstein Sidney M , Termaat Marco F , El Moumni Mostafa , Zuidema Wietse P. , Krijnen Pieta , Schipper Inger B , van Tulder Maurits W
Published: July 2020

Objective

To assess the cost effectiveness of a reduced imaging follow-up protocol of distal radius fractures compared with usual care.

Design

An economical evaluation conducted alongside a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Setting

Four level-one trauma centres in the Netherlands.

Participants

341 patients participated (usual care (n=172), reduced imaging (n=169)).

Interventions

Patients were randomised to usual care (routine radiography at 1, 2, 6 and 12 weeks) or a reduced imaging strategy (radiographs at 6 and 12 weeks only for a clinical indication).

Outcome measures

Functional outcome was assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) using the EuroQol-5Dimensions-3 Levels (EQ-5D-3L). Costs were measured using self-reported questionnaires and medical records, and analysed from a societal perspective. Multiple imputation, seemingly unrelated regression analysis and bootstrapping were used to analyse the data.

Results

Clinical overall outcomes of both groups were comparable. The difference in DASH was −2.03 (95% CI −4.83 to 0.77) and the difference in QALYs was 0.025 (95% CI −0.01 to 0.06). Patients in the reduced imaging group received on average 3.3 radiographs (SD: 1.9) compared with 4.2 (SD: 1.9) in the usual care group. Costs for radiographic imaging were significantly lower in the reduced imaging group than in the usual care group (€−48 per patient, 95% CI −68 to −27). There was no difference in total costs between groups (€−401 per patient, 95% CI −2453 to 1251). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for QALYs was −15 872; the ICER for the DASH was 198. The probability of reduced imaging being cost effective compared with usual care ranged from 0.8 to 0.9 at a willingness to pay of €20 000/QALY to €80 000/QALY.

Conclusions

Implementing a reduced imaging strategy in the follow-up of distal radius fractures has a high probability of being cost effective for QALYs, without decreasing functional outcome. We, therefore, recommend imaging only when clinically indicated.

Trial registration number

The Netherlands trial register (NL4477).
Establishing a taxonomy of potential hazards associated with communicating medical science in the age of disinformation
Authors: Grimes David Robert , Brennan Laura J , O'Connor Robert
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Disinformation on medical matters has become an increasing public health concern. Public engagement by scientists, clinicians and patient advocates can contribute towards public understanding of medicine. However, depth of feeling on many issues (notably vaccination and cancer) can lead to adverse reactions for those communicating medical science, including vexatious interactions and targeted campaigns. Our objective in this work is to establish a taxonomy of common negative experiences encountered by those communicating medical science, and suggest guidelines so that they may be circumvented.

Design

We establish a taxonomy of the common negative experiences reported by those communicating medical science, informed by surveying medical science communicators with public platforms.

Participants

142 prominent medical science communicators (defined as having >1000 Twitter followers and experience communicating medical science on social and traditional media platforms) were invited to take part in a survey, with 101 responses.

Results

101 responses were analysed. Most participants experienced abusive behaviour (91.9%), including persistent harassment (69.3%) and physical violence and intimidation (5.9%). A substantial number (38.6%) received vexatious complaints to their employers, professional bodies or legal intimidation. The majority (62.4%) reported negative mental health sequelae due to public outreach, including depression, anxiety and stress. A significant minority (19.8%) were obligated to seek police advice or legal counsel due to actions associated with their outreach work. While the majority targeted with vexatious complaints felt supported by their employer/professional body, 32.4% reported neutral, poor or non-existent support.

Conclusions

Those engaging in public outreach of medical science are vulnerable to negative repercussions, and we suggest guidelines for professional bodies and organisations to remedy some of these impacts on front-line members.
Safety and effectiveness of a Tai Chi-based cardiac rehabilitation programme for chronic coronary syndrom patients: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ma Jing , Zhang Jian wei , Li Hua , Zhao Lian shan , Guo Ai ying , Chen Zai hao , Yuan Wen , Gao Tian ming , Li Ya meng , Li Cui han , Wang Hong wei , Song Bo , Lu Yu long , Cui Mei ze , Wei Qiu yang , Lyu Shao jun , Yin Heng chan
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Preliminary evidence from clinical observations suggests that Tai Chi exercise may offer potential benefits for patients with chronic coronary syndrom (CCS). However, the advantages for CCS patients to practice Tai Chi exercise as rehabilitation have not been rigorously tested and there is a lack of consensus on its benefits. This study aims to develop an innovative Tai Chi Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (TCCRP) for CCS patients and to assess the efficacy, safety and acceptability of the programme.

Methods and analysis

We propose to conduct a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial comprising of 150 participants with CCS. The patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio into two groups. The intervention group will participate in a supervised TCCRP held three times a week for 3 months. The control group will receive supervised conventional exercise rehabilitation held three times a week for 3 months. The primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months after intervention and after an additional 3-month follow-up period. Primary outcome measures will include a score of 36-Item Short Form Survey and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale. The secondary outcome measures will include body composition, cardiopulmonary exercise test, respiratory muscle function, locomotor skills, echocardiogram, New York Heart Association classification, heart rate recovery time and laboratory examination. Other measures also include Seattle Angina Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Berg Balance Scale. All adverse events will be recorded and analysed.

Ethics and dissemination

This study conforms to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant ethical guidelines. Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Chinese People’s Libration Army General Hospital (approval number: S2019-060-02). Findings from this study will be published and presented at conferences for widespread dissemination of the results.

Trial registration number

NCT03936504.
Fan therapy for cough: case report and literature review
Authors: Sutherland Anna Elizabeth , Carey Matthew , Miller Mary
Published: July 2020

This case report describes the care of a 59-year-old woman with metastatic small cell lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who was highly symptomatic with an intractable cough. The patient reported a subjective benefit from a table fan. The authors observed an objective improvement with a marked reduction in cough frequency when the fan was in use. A literature review was undertaken and identified one randomised controlled trial assessing the use of fan for cough. The proposed underlying mechanism of cough relief is stimulation of the trigeminal nerve, possibly by cooling. This mechanism is well described in breathlessness. It presents the possibility of a novel therapeutic approach to managing cough. Further studies of both the role of nasal receptors in cough pathophysiology and the role of fan therapy in cough, where there is no concern of an airborne infectious pathogen such as COVID-19, are warranted.
Relationship between the Injury Severity Score and the need for life-saving interventions in trauma patients in the UK
Authors: Vassallo James , Fuller Gordon , Smith Jason E
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Major trauma is the third leading cause of avoidable mortality in the UK. Defining which patients require care in a major trauma centre is a critical component of developing, evaluating and enhancing regional major trauma systems. Traditionally, trauma patients have been classified using the Injury Severity Score (ISS), but resource-based criteria have been proposed as an alternative. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ISS and the use of life-saving interventions (LSI).

Methods

Retrospective cohort study using the Trauma Audit Research Network database for all adult patients (aged ≥18 years) between 2006 and 2014. Patients were categorised as needing an LSI if they received one or more interventions from a previously defined list determined by expert consensus.

Results

193 290 patients met study inclusion criteria: 56.9% male, median age 60.0 years (IQR 41.2–78.8) and median ISS 9 (IQR 9–16). The most common mechanism of injury was falls <2 m (52.1%), followed by road traffic collisions (22.2%). 15.1% received one or more LSIs. The probability of a receiving an LSI increased with increasing ISS, but only a low to moderate correlation was evident (0.334, p<0.001). A clinically significant number of cases (5.3% and 7.6%) received an LSI despite having an ISS ≤8 or <15, respectively.

Conclusions

A clinically significant number of adult trauma patients requiring LSIs have an ISS below the traditional definition of major trauma. The traditional definition should be reconsidered and either lowered, or an alternative metric should be used.
Clinicopathological study of blue nevi of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract: first case series
Authors: Assarzadegan Naziheh , Salimian Kevan , Hutchings Danielle , Windon Annika Lisbeth , Voltaggio Lysandra , Montgomery Elizabeth A
Published: July 2020

Aim

Blue nevus (BN) is a benign melanocytic proliferation that is typically cutaneous. Extracutaneous BN is infrequent and is reported in the mucosa of various organs. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract BN is rare. Here, we describe the clinicopathological findings of the largest series of GI tract BNs.

Methods

A search of our Pathology Data System (1984–2019) identified six GI tract blue nevi. Clinical information, pathology reports and available H&E-stained section slides were reviewed.

Results

Lesions predominated in the middle-aged adults (mean 54, range 27–80) with a slight female predominance (66%). Most cases arose in the rectum and colon (83%), with one gastric lesion (17%). Four cases were identified during endoscopic examination performed either for screening or for unrelated symptoms (66%). Two patients presented with rectal bleeding (33%) unassociated with the BN. Endoscopically, most lesions appeared as superficial hyperpigmented areas (83%). One case was described as abnormal mucosa (17%). Microscopically, the mucosa was involved in all of the cases (100%). One case showed submucosal extension in addition to the mucosal component (17%). Lesions showed a proliferation of bland spindle cells with abundant granular pigment. No nuclear atypia or mitoses were identified. Immunostains showed immunoreactivity for melanocytic markers. Follow-up information available for five patients showed no recurrences to date (mean follow-up 1 year).

Conclusions

BN is a benign melanocytic proliferation. It is important to be aware of the occurrence of such lesions outside of the skin and consider the possibility of BN when pigmented lesions are encountered in the GI tract.
Conflict before the courtroom: challenging cognitive biases in critical decision-making
Authors: Johal Harleen Kaur , Danbury Christopher
Published: July 2020

Conflict is an important consideration in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this setting, conflict most commonly occurs over the ‘best interests’ of the incapacitated adult patient; for instance, when families seek aggressive life-sustaining treatments, which are thought by the medical team to be potentially inappropriate. Indeed, indecision on futility of treatment and the initiation of end-of-life discussions are recognised to be among the greatest challenges of working in the ICU, leading to emotional and psychological ‘burnout’in ICU teams. When these disagreements occur, they may be within the clinical team or among those close to the patient, or between the clinical team and those close to the patient. It is, therefore, crucial to have a theoretical understanding of decision-making itself, as unpicking misalignments in the family’s and clinical team’s decision-making processes may offer strategies to resolve conflict. Here, we relate Kahneman and Tversky’s work on cognitive biases and behavioural economics to the ICU environment, arguing that these biases could partly explain disparities in the decision-making processes for the two conflicting parties. We suggest that through the establishment of common ground, challenging of cognitive biases and formulation of mutually agreeable solutions, mediation may offer a pragmatic and cost-effective solution to conflict resolution. The litigation process is intrinsically adversarial and strains the doctor–patient–relative relationship. Thus an alternative external party should be considered, however mediation is not frequently used and more research is needed into its effectiveness in resolving conflicts in the ICU.
Writing autohistoria-teoría: agency and illness in German life narratives by Evelyne Leandro and Mely Kiyak
Authors: Herges Katja
Published: July 2020

Health concerns by migrants have been neglected in the German healthcare system, and they are impacted by discriminating discourses of othering. By analysing two autobiographical illness narratives by immigrants in contemporary Germany, this article exposes limitations in existing discourses of migration health and argues for more relational and affirmative theories of illness and care. Evelyn Leandro’s diary The Living Death: The Struggle with a Long-Forgotten Illness (2017) describes her own drawn-out therapy against leprosy as a Brazilian in Berlin. In Mr Kiyak Thought That the Best Part of His Life Will Start Now (2013), the Turkish-German journalist Mely Kiyak narrates her father’s experience with advanced lung cancer in a German hospital. Drawing on medical anthropology, postcolonial theory and material (eco)feminism, I argue that these narratives establish migrant health and agency in transnational assemblages that include chemotherapy, lungs and skin, family networks, healthcare providers, food cultures and health policies. These assemblages of illness are connected with the narratives’ hybrid and relational aesthetics and politics: similar to Gloria Anzaldúa’s practice of autohistoria-teoría, I show how Kiyak’s and Leandro’s life writing combines personal and communal storytelling with critical theorising to include diverse voices, languages, histories and identities. By transgressing identities of self and other, German and foreign, patient and physician, human and non-human, the narratives inspire a greater sense of the extent to which (all) bodies, histories, cultures, technology and medicine are entangled in a dense network of relations. This article envisions a relational and hybrid ontology and aesthetics of migration health and thereby intervenes into the growing field of transcultural medicine and medical humanities.
Special operations: a hidden chapter in the histories of facial surgery and human enhancement
Authors: Bailey Roderick
Published: July 2020

During the Second World War, Britain’s Special Operations Executive (SOE), a secret service established to encourage resistance and carry out sabotage, employed various techniques of enhancing the ability of its personnel to operate undetected in enemy territory. One of these methods was surgery. Drawing on recently declassified records, this article illuminates SOE’s reasons for commissioning this procedure, the needs and wants of those who received it, and the surgeons employed to carry it out. It also aims to underline the role of context in shaping perceptions of facial surgery, and the potential for surgery for wartime disguise to resonate with current debates about human enhancement.
New series representations for the two-loop massive sunset diagram
Authors: Ananthanarayan B. , Friot Samuel , Ghosh Shayan
Published: July 2020

We derive new convergent series representations for the two-loop sunset diagram with three different propagator masses $$m_1,\, m_2$$m1,m2 and $$m_3$$m3 and external momentum p by techniques of analytic continuation on a well-known triple series that corresponds to the Lauricella $$F_C^{(3)}$$FC(3) function. The convergence regions of the new series contain regions of interest to physical problems. These include some ranges of masses and squared external momentum values which make them useful from Chiral Perturbation Theory to some regions of the parameter space of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. The analytic continuation results presented for the Lauricella series could be used in other settings as well.
A new self-consistent approach of quantum turbulence in superfluid helium
Authors: Galantucci Luca , Baggaley Andrew W. , Barenghi Carlo F. , Krstulovic Giorgio
Published: July 2020

We present the Fully cOUpled loCAl model of sUperfLuid Turbulence (FOUCAULT) that describes the dynamics of finite temperature superfluids. The superfluid component is described by the vortex filament method while the normal fluid is governed by a modified Navier–Stokes equation. The superfluid vortex lines and normal fluid components are fully coupled in a self-consistent manner by the friction force, which induces local disturbances in the normal fluid in the vicinity of vortex lines. The main focus of this work is the numerical scheme for distributing the friction force to the mesh points where the normal fluid is defined (stemming from recent advances in the study of the interaction between a classical viscous fluid and small active particles) and for evaluating the velocity of the normal fluid on the Lagrangian discretisation points along the vortex lines. In particular, we show that if this numerical scheme is not careful enough, spurious results may occur. The new scheme which we propose to overcome these difficulties is based on physical principles. Finally, we apply the new method to the problem of the motion of a superfluid vortex ring in a stationary normal fluid and in a turbulent normal fluid.
A 28 GHz LNA Circuit Layout Debug through Electromagnetic Analysis
Authors: Chen Wenzhe , Yao Jaifei , Xia Tian
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the debug process of a 28[Formula: see text]GHz low noise amplifier (LNA) circuit layout. This study is guided utilizing an electromagnetic (EM) simulation program where inductive coupling, the parasitics of dc voltage line and ground line are extracted and simulated, their impacts on LNA performance are also quantitatively characterized. For validation, the circuit was designed and fabricated using GF8HP 0.13[Formula: see text]um SiGe BiCMOS process. The measurement shows that the gain S21 is 23.22[Formula: see text]dB, S11 and S22 are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dB, respectively, and the noise figure is 4.26[Formula: see text]dB. The power consumption is 14.25[Formula: see text]mW, the chip area including pads is 540[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]um.
THE VALUATION OF EUROPEAN OPTION UNDER SUBDIFFUSIVE FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN MOTION OF THE SHORT RATE
Authors: SHOKROLLAHI FOAD
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we propose an extension of the Merton model. We apply the subdiffusive mechanism to analyze European option in a fractional Black–Scholes environment, when the short rate follows the subdiffusive fractional Black–Scholes model. We derive a pricing formula for call and put options and discuss the corresponding fractional Black–Scholes equation. We present some features of our model pricing model for the cases of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Multi-scale orientation estimation using higher order Riesz transforms
Authors: Reinhardt Martin , Bernstein Swanhild , Heise Bettina
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we unify the Riesz transform with the Teager–Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) and monogenic multi-resolution analysis in comparison to conventional gradient and Riesz transform-based approaches. We show that benefits of our approach maintain the following aspects of different known estimators: the stability of mixed (higher) order of derivatives, like given in TKEO, the all-pass filter characteristics featuring the Riesz transform and the scale-based analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of the considered technique for extracting structural defects at different scales, estimating orientation or being used for 2D demodulation of amplitude- and phase modulated signals, like interferometric fringe patterns. Additionally, the abilities of orientation estimation of 3D data is demonstrated. From the viewpoint of mathematical analysis, we will emphasize the connection to monogenic higher dimensional signals, Clifford frames, and monogenic multi-resolution signal analysis. Furthermore, we will discuss higher order Riesz transform.
Two-phase tension of a carbon nanotube
Authors: Evazzade Iman , Lobzenko Ivan , Golubev Oleg , Korznikova Elena
Published: July 2020

Heterostructures consisting of new two-dimensional nanomaterials may possess non-trivial physical and mechanical properties, promising for many applications. It is interesting that in some cases it is possible to create heterostructures simultaneously consisting of weakly and strongly stretched domains having the same chemical composition, as have been witnessed earlier for some polymer chains, DNA, and intermetallic nanofibres that demonstrate the effect of two-phase stretching. These materials with relatively large tensile forces tend to split into domains with less and greater tensile deformation. Within the two-phase region of deformation, the average deformation of the sample increases with a constant tensile force, with the growth of a domain with a higher strain due to a domain with a lower strain. In this paper, the two-phase stretching of carbon nanotubes has been studied by means of molecular dynamics simulation. It has been established that the load-deflection curves during axial tension exhibit hysteresis-like behavior due to energy dissipation during nucleation and motion of domain walls. It is shown that in the two-phase tension regime, a carbon nanotube is a special case of a heterostructure, the properties of which can be controlled by changing the size of the domains of each phase by applying elastic deformation.
A Calculational Deductive System for Linear Temporal Logic
Authors: Warford J. Stanley , Vega David , Staley Scott M.
Published: July 2020

This article surveys the linear temporal logic (LTL) literature and presents all the LTL theorems from the survey, plus many new ones, in a calculational deductive system. Calculational deductive systems, developed by Dijkstra and Scholten and extended by Gries and Schneider, are based on only four inference rules—Substitution, Leibniz, Equanimity, and Transitivity. Inference rules in the older Hilbert-style systems, notably modus ponens, appear as theorems in this calculational deductive system. This article extends the calculational deductive system of Gries and Schneider to LTL, using only the same four inference rules. Although space limitations preclude giving a proof of every theorem in this article, every theorem has been proved with calculational logic.
DSTL
Authors: Chuang Yi-Jing , Chen Shuo-Han , Chang Yuan-Hao , Liang Yu-Pei , Wei Hsin-Wen , Shih Wei-Kuan
Published: July 2020

Shingled magnetic recording (SMR) is regarded as a promising technology for resolving the areal density limitation of conventional magnetic recording hard disk drives. Among different types of SMR drives, drive-managed SMR (DM-SMR) requires no changes on the host software and is widely used in today’s consumer market. DM-SMR employs a shingled translation layer (STL) to hide its inherent sequential-write constraint from the host software and emulate the SMR drive as a block device via maintaining logical to physical block address mapping entries. However, because most existing STL designs do not simultaneously consider the access pattern and the data update frequency of incoming workloads, those mapping entries maintained within the STL cannot be effectively managed, thus inducing unnecessary performance overhead. To resolve the inefficiency of existing STL designs, this article proposes a demand-based STL (DSTL) to simultaneously consider the access pattern and update frequency of incoming data streams to enhance the access performance of DM-SMR. The proposed design was evaluated by a series of experiments, and the results show that the proposed DSTL can outperform other SMR management approach by up to 86.69% in terms of read/write performance.
Shaping Organs: Shared Structural Principles Across Kingdoms
Authors: Hamant O. , Saunders T.E.
Published: July 2020

Development encapsulates the morphogenesis of an organism from a single fertilized cell to a functional adult. A critical part of development is the specification of organ forms. Beyond the molecular control of morphogenesis, shape in essence entails structural constraints and thus mechanics. Revisiting recent results in biophysics and development, and comparing animal and plant model systems, we derive key overarching principles behind the formation of organs across kingdoms. In particular, we highlight how growing organs are active rather than passive systems and how such behavior plays a role in shaping the organ. We discuss the importance of considering different scales in understanding how organs form. Such an integrative view of organ development generates new questions while calling for more cross-fertilization between scientific fields and model system communities.
Drugs That Regulate Local Cell Signaling: AKAP Targeting as a Therapeutic Option
Authors: Bucko Paula J. , Scott John D.
Published: July 2020

Cells respond to environmental cues by mobilizing signal transduction cascades that engage protein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatases. Correct organization of these enzymes in space and time enables the efficient and precise transmission of chemical signals. The cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A is compartmentalized through its association with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). AKAPs are a family of multivalent scaffolds that constrain signaling enzymes and effectors at subcellular locations to drive essential physiological events. More recently, it has been recognized that defective signaling in certain endocrine disorders and cancers proceeds through pathological AKAP complexes. Consequently, pharmacologically targeting these macromolecular complexes unlocks new therapeutic opportunities for a growing number of clinical indications. This review highlights recent findings on AKAP signaling in disease, particularly in certain cancers, and offers an overview of peptides and small molecules that locally regulate AKAP-binding partners.
Evaluation of Options and Limits of Aqueous All-Quinone-Based Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Bauer Stina , Namyslo Jan C. , Kaufmann Dieter E. , Turek Thomas
Published: July 2020

Redox flow batteries based on aqueous electrolytes with organic active material (ORFB) have great potential for the development of environmentally safe and ecologically sustainable energy storage systems. To be competitive with the state-of-the-art vanadium redox flow battery, organic electrolytes must meet a whole range of requirements. We investigated different anthraquinone-based electrolytes, i.e. anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid, anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (2,7-AQDS), anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid, and 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid (BQDS) with respect to their solubility in sulfuric acid, their electrical conductivity, and their viscosity. For this purpose, the influence of the concentration of sulfuric acid and the active species on the electrolyte properties was determined. Using NMR spectroscopy we analysed the thermal and electrochemical stability of 2,7-AQDS and BQDS electrolytes. The electrochemical stability was also monitored by cyclic voltammetry. Both methods have also indicated the absence of crossover phenomena. Furthermore, the influence of the electrolyte properties on the performance of the ORFB was investigated. Comparison with the vanadium electrolyte allowed us to estimate these kinds of requirements in order to develop a comparable all-organic flow battery.
Hyperketonemia GWAS and parity-dependent SNP associations in Holstein dairy cows intensively sampled for blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentration
Authors: Pralle Ryan S. , Schultz Nichol E. , White Heather M. , Weigel Kent A.
Published: July 2020

Hyperketonemia (HYK) is a metabolic disorder that affects early postpartum dairy cows; however, there has been limited success in identifying genomic variants contributing to HYK susceptibility. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using HYK phenotypes based on an intensive screening protocol, interrogated genotype interactions with parity group (GWIS), and evaluated the enrichment of annotated metabolic pathways. Holstein cows were enrolled into the experiment after parturition, and blood samples were collected at four timepoints between 5 and 18 days postpartum. Concentration of blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was quantified cow-side via a handheld BHB meter. Cows were labeled as a HYK case when at least one blood sample had BHB ≥ 1.2 mmol/L, and all other cows were considered non-HYK controls. After quality control procedures, 1,710 cows and 58,699 genotypes were available for further analysis. The GWAS and GWIS were performed using the forward feature select linear mixed model method. There was evidence for an association between ARS-BFGL-NGS-91238 and HYK susceptibility, as well as parity-dependent associations to HYK for BovineHD0600024247 and BovineHD1400023753. Candidate genes annotated to these single nuclear polymorphism associations have been previously associated with obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, and fatty liver in humans and rodent models. Enrichment analysis revealed focal adhesion and axon guidance as metabolic pathways contributing to HYK etiology, while genetic variation in pathways related to insulin secretion and sensitivity may affect HYK susceptibility in a parity-dependent matter. In conclusion, the present work proposes several novel marker associations and metabolic pathways contributing to genetic risk for HYK susceptibility.
Crude Oil Source Identification of Asphalt via ATR‐FTIR Approach Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Ren Ruibo , Fan Wenmiao , Zhao Pinhui , Zhou Hao , Meng Weikun , Ji Ping
Published: July 2020

The types of crude oil for producing asphalt have a decisive influence on various performance measures (including aging resistance and durability) of asphalt. To discriminate and predict the crude oil source of different asphalt samples, a discrimination model was established using 12 greatly different infrared (IR) characteristic absorption peaks (CAPs) as predictive variables. The model was established based on diverse fingerprint recognition technologies (such as principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate logistic regression analysis) by using attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR). In this way, the crude oil source of different asphalt samples can be effectively discriminated. At first, by using PCA, the 12 CAPs in the IR spectra of asphalt samples were subjected to dimension reduction processing to control the variables of key factors. Moreover, the scores of various principal components in asphalt samples were calculated. Afterwards, the scores of principal components were analysed through modelling based on multivariate logistic regression analysis to discriminate and predict the crude oil source of different asphalt samples. The result showed that the logistic regression model shows a favourable goodness of fit, with the prediction accuracy reaching 93.9% for the crude oil source of asphalt samples. The method exhibits some outstanding advantages (including ease of operation and high accuracy), which is important when controlling the source and quality and improving the performance of asphalt.
Deformation Characterisation and Distress Diagnosis of a Metro Shield Tunnel by Adjacent Constructions
Authors: Liu Ting-jin , Chen Si-wei , Liu Hong-yuan
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a case history of the developmental effect of a large‐area excavation, 8 high‐rise main buildings, a series of annex constructions, and ground overloaded building demolition on the deformation characteristics of an existing shield tunnel within Guangzhou Metro Line No. 1 in close proximity to the development. The shield tunnel lies in a sandy layer of the typical upper‐soft and lower‐hard strata in Guangzhou district, and the deformation of the tunnel has been monitored since the tunnel was put into operation. The monitoring results reveal that the adjacent construction induces an excessive tunnel settlement with a maximum of 14.4 mm and an excess tunnel displacement with a maximum of 5.2 mm, which are within the corresponding limitations of the codes for the safe operation of urban rail transit tunnels. While the station expansion project is being conducted beside the tunnels, a series of tunnel distresses, including large‐area water seepage, spalling concrete blocks, and segmental cracks, are recorded. Our field monitoring data indicate that the tunnel is subjected to further vertical contraction and horizontal expansion due to the station expansion project, and a maximum tunnel flattening rate of 36.78% is detected. Furthermore, the tunnel linings are studied numerically and theoretically to obtain the limitations of tunnel deformation and discuss why tunnel distresses of water seepage, concrete spalling, and segmental cracking occur. Finally, on the basis of the analyses and discussions above, counteracting corrective measures, including compensation grouting soil strengthening and bonded steel plates, are adopted as exterior and interior strengthening methods, respectively, to eliminate further tunnel distresses and ensure safe operation. The lessons learned and summarized in this study may help prevent similar tunnel distresses from reoccurring in the future.