bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Petro-physics Analysis and Rock Physics Modeling for Estimation of Gas Hydrate Saturation: A Case Study in the Mahanadi Offshore Basin
Authors: Shukla Pradeep Kumar , Singha Dip Kumar , Yadav Pradeep Kumar , Sain Kalachand
Published: July 2022

Gas hydrate saturation (Sh) is the most challenging key parameter of petrophysical evaluations for reservoir characterization. In total three wells were used (namely, NGHP-01-19, NGHP-01-09, and NGHP-01-08) to compute the petrophysical parameters in the gas hydrate-bearing sediments of the Mahanadi offshore basin. Initially, effective porosity and volume of shale are computed using conventional log data varying from 11-36% and 55-75% respectively. The most prominent technique responding to the physical property has been used to compute the Sh by using Archie’s empirical electrical resistivity method. The presence of gas hydrate, free gas, and other lithology affects the sonic velocity which is widely used to quantify the hydrate saturation. Therefore,an attempt is made to quantify the Sh from the wellbore sonic velocity using a rock physics model at higher porosity (~62%) for unconsolidated marine sediments below the seafloor. The model is best suited for gas hydrate zones where velocity increases with the hydrate saturation but underestimates the saturation for free gas zones below the bottom simulating reflector. In the study area,Sh ranges from 5-13% in the depth interval of 175-200 mbsf for well NGHP-01-19 whereas, small amount of 3-10%and 2-8% for well NGHP-01-09 and NGHP-01-08 respectively. The Sh obtained from the rock physics model is insignificantly mismatched with the saturation obtained from temperature and resistivity data due to the presence of an isotropic layer with fracture filling sediments having anisotropic properties.
Temporal Distribution of Uranium and its Correlation with Varied Physicochemical Parameters in the Groundwater Samples of Panipat, Haryana, India
Authors: Tanwer Naresh , Anand Poonam , Batra Neha , Kant Krishan , Gautam Y. P. , Sahoo S. K.
Published: July 2022

The paper presents a detailed study conducted to determine the seasonal comparison of presence of uranium (U) in ground water collected from Panipat district and its inter-correlation with the physicochemical water quality parameters. A systematic and uniform grid sampling approach was implemented for sampling and analysis of U concentration for both the seasons i.e. premonsoon and post-monsoon using LED Fluorimeter. The present study shows that the geometric mean of U concentration in the ground water samples of Panipat region was 22.2 μg/L for postmonsoon and 21.9 μg/L for pre-monsoon season which is less than the permissible limit of 30 μg/L prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO, 2011) and Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS, 2021) as well as recommended limit of 60 μg/L given by Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB, 2004). A positive correlation of U was observed with TDS, EC, salinity, Cl- , total hardness, Mg2+hardness, total alkalinity and HCO-3 in both seasons of Panipat, Haryana.
Environmental Geochemistry and Positive Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic with Special Emphasis to Coal Mining Industry: An Overview
Authors: Dutta Madhulika , Saikia Binoy K.
Published: July 2022

In the present situation, Covid-19 is considered to be an unbeaten global pandemic. In every single fleeting moment, this SARS- CoV- 2(coronavirus-2) causes greater damage to our life including the physical world including drastic imbalance of the whole economic condition of any country. The lockdown governed in two consecutive years (2020 and 2021)in the world to control the spreading of the virus poses an undue threat to the industrial sectors including the coal mining sectors that determine the economic growth of the country. With these negative impacts of coronavirus-2 in our life, this present review aims to explore some of the positive influences of the Covid-19 pandemic through the restoration of the environmental system which are otherwise not possible. This quantitative review finds that spreading of the Covid-19 pandemic indirectly improves the air and water quality by reducing the number of vehicles, reduces the CO2, NOx,particulate matter, and other polluting gases emission from coal-based power plants through periodical lockdown in the country.Moreover, the lockdown implemented to minimise the spreading of the Covid-19 significantly reduces the coal dust production from the mining and transportation of coal that indirectly reduces environmental pollution.
Actual Sensing Sensitivity and SNR Measurement of Optical Tweezers Based on Coulomb Force Input
Authors: Wang Jiaojiao , Chen Xingfan , Zhu Shaochong , Fu Zhenhai , Li Nan , Hu Huizhu
Published: July 2022

Sensing sensitivity is the key performance of optical tweezers. By adjusting the frequency and magnitude of an applied Coulomb force as an input of optical tweezers, we directly measured the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a system and indirectly calculated the actual noise magnitude. Combined with an output filter, the relationship between the SNR and bandwidths was studied. We established the simulation model of a system using Simulink and simulated the relationship between the SNR and magnitude of the input forces and filter bandwidths. In addition, we built an experimental system to determine the relationship between the SNR and the magnitude of the input forces and filter bandwidths. The actual minimum detectable force was measured as 1.8275×10−17 N at a 1 Hz bandwidth. The experimental results were correlated with the simulation and theoretical results, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method and demonstrating the high sensitivity of vacuum optical tweezers as mechanical sensors. We proposed a novel method of calibration and measurement of system sensing parameters by applying an actual force that was more direct and precise than the theoretical calculation method that requires accurate fitting parameters, such as the particle radius and density. This method can be employed to analyze the system noise and phase characteristics to confirm and improve the real performance of the system.
Cooperative prediction method of gas emission from mining face based on feature selection and machine learning
Authors: Zhou Jie , Lin Haifei , Jin Hongwei , Li Shugang , Yan Zhenguo , Huang Shiyin
Published: July 2022

Collaborative prediction model of gas emission quantity was built by feature selection and supervised machine learning algorithm to improve the scientific and accurate prediction of gas emission quantity in the mining face. The collaborative prediction model was screened by precision evaluation index. Samples were pretreated by data standardization, and 20 characteristic parameter combinations for gas emission quantity prediction were determined through 4 kinds of feature selection methods. A total of 160 collaborative prediction models of gas emission quantity were constructed by using 8 kinds of classical supervised machine learning algorithm and 20 characteristic parameter combinations. Determination coefficient, normalized mean square error, mean absolute percentage error range, Hill coefficient, mean absolute error, and the mean relative error indicators were used to verify and evaluate the performance of the collaborative forecasting model. As such, the high prediction accuracy of three kinds of machine learning algorithms and seven kinds of characteristic parameter combinations were screened out, and seven optimized collaborative forecasting models were finally determined. Results show that the judgement coefficients, normalized mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, and Hill inequality coefficient of the 7 optimized collaborative prediction models are 0.969–0.999, 0.001–0.050, 0.004–0.057, and 0.002–0.037, respectively. The determination coefficient of the final prediction sequence, the normalized mean square error, the mean absolute percentage error, the Hill inequality coefficient, the absolute error, and the mean relative error are 0.998%, 0.003%, 0.022%, 0.010%, 0.080%, and 2.200%, respectively. The multi-parameter, multi-algorithm, multi-combination, and multi-judgement index prediction model has high accuracy and certain universality that can provide a new idea for the accurate prediction of gas emission quantity.
Pädagogik, Legitimation und Ressourcen im Kontext von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen – Herausforderungen in organisationalen Feldern der Weiterbildung aus neo-institutionalistischer Perspektive
Authors: Reuter Martin , Dietz Caroline , Fröhlich Laureen
Published: July 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag geht auf empirischer Basis der Frage nach, welche Herausforderungen Weiterbildungsorganisationen im Zusammenhang mit Qualitätsmanagement thematisieren. Theoretisch wird dazu an den Neo-Institutionalismus angeschlossen. Aufbauend auf den Daten der wbmonitor-Umfrage 2017 werden die Herausforderungen inhaltsanalytisch nach vier organisationalen Feldern (VHS, Gemeinnützig/öffentlich, GemeinschaftenundKommerziell privat) differenziert qualitativ sowie quantitativ ausgewertet. Die Auswertung strukturiert sich anhand der aus der Theorie abgeleiteten KategorienLegitimation, RessourcenundPädagogik. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich sowohl Unterschiede als auch Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den Feldern, wobei übergreifend Ressourcen die größte Herausforderung zu sein scheinen. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer organisationspädagogischen Reflexion der Ergebnisse als Lerngegenstände ab.
Surface and interior meridional circulation in the Sun
Authors: Hanasoge Shravan M.
Published: July 2022

Solar meridional circulation is an axisymmetric flow system, extending from the equator to the poles ($$\sim $$
∼
20 m/s at the surface, $$\approx $$
≈
1% of the mean solar rotation rate), plunging inwards and subsequently completing the circuit in the interior through an equatorward return flow and a radially outward flow back up to the surface. This article reviews the profound role that meridional circulation plays in maintaining global dynamics and regulating large-scale solar magnetism. Because it is relatively weak in comparison to differential rotation ($$\sim $$
∼
300 m/s, $$\approx $$
≈
7% of the mean solar rotation rate) and owing to numerous systematical errors, accurate surface measurements were only first made in 1978 and initial inferences of interior meridional circulation were obtained using helioseismology two decades later. However, systematical biases have made it very challenging to reliably recover flow in the deep interior. Despite numerous advances that have served to improve the accuracy of inferences, the location of the return flow and the full extent of the circulation are still open problems. This article follows the historical developments and summarises contemporary advances that have led to modern inferences of surface and interior meridional flow.
An Albertian View of Buchanan’s Contractarianism
Authors: Brennan Geoffrey , Kliemt Hartmut
Published: July 2022

This paper in honor of Hans Albert ‘@100’ seeks to show how adhering to critical rationalist ‘economic philosophy’ avoids contradictions in James Buchanan’s contractarianism: restricting constitutional economic advice to what serves the ends of all potential addressees simultaneously Buchanan not only blurs the borderline between value-neutral economic philosophy and substantive moral philosophy but also contradicts his thesis of the “necessary relativism and individualism of values”. Translating ‘means-ends’-relations into technological ‘cause-effect’-relations, Albert can treat technological blueprints as nomological hypotheses subject to scientific test and corroboration while leaving their practical implementation to citizens whose contingent particular ends may or may not be universalistic.
Collective Writing: The Continuous Struggle for Meaning-Making
Authors: Jandrić Petar , Luke Timothy W. , Sturm Sean , McLaren Peter , Jackson Liz , MacKenzie Alison , Tesar Marek , Stewart Georgina Tuari , Roberts Peter , Abegglen Sandra , Burns Tom , Sinfield Sandra , Hayes Sarah , Jaldemark Jimmy , Peters Michael A. , Sinclair Christine , Gibbons Andrew
Published: July 2022

This paper is a summary of philosophy, theory, and practice arising from collective writing experiments conducted between 2016 and 2022 in the community associated with the Editors’ Collective and more than 20 scholarly journals. The main body of the paper summarises the community’s insights into the many faces of collective writing. Appendix 1 presents the workflow of the article’s development. Appendix 2 lists approximately 100 collectively written scholarly articles published between 2016 and 2022. Collective writing is a continuous struggle for meaning-making, and our research insights merely represent one milestone in this struggle. Collective writing can be designed in many different ways, and our workflow merely shows one possible design that we found useful. There are many more collectively written scholarly articles than we could gather, and our reading list merely offers sources that the co-authors could think of. While our research insights and our attempts at synthesis are inevitably incomplete, ‘Collective Writing: The Continuous Struggle for Meaning-Making’ is a tiny theoretical steppingstone and a useful overview of sources for those interested in theory and practice of collective writing.
Influence of aggregate size on shear mechanism of reinforced concrete beam subjected to impact load
Authors: Reba Teshome Chala , Aure Temesgen Wondimu
Published: July 2022

This study presents the influence of aggregate interlock, in terms of aggregate size, on shear mechanism of reinforced concrete beam under a drop-weight impact using a non-linear finite element model. Four aggregate sizes (8-, 16-, 24-, and 32-mm) were used to study the variation of the shear force at the critical section. Large shear force was recorded at the critical section for the specimens with the 32-mm aggregate size regardless of the impact mass and velocity. This is expected since larger aggregates create rougher surfaces and transfer larger shear forces than smaller ones. As the impact mass increased from 868 to 1700 kg, the critical section shear force decreased on average by 5.3%, regardless of aggregate size. Increasing the impact velocity by 41% decreased the critical section shear force by 58%, 56%, 45%, and 41.5% for the 8 mm, 16 mm, 24 mm, and 32 mm aggregate size specimens, respectively. The influence of aggregate size on the shear transfer mechanism was also studied in the presence of shear reinforcement and increased span-to-depth ratio. The difference in shear force at the critical section among the specimens with the different aggregate sizes is negligible in the presence of shear reinforcement indicating that the presence of stirrups reduced the contribution of aggregate interlock in shear resistance. Increasing the span length by 67% (from 3 to 5 m) decreased the effect of aggregate size by 95% on average.
Fuzzy Confidence Intervals by the Likelihood Ratio: Testing Equality of Means—Application on Swiss SILC Data
Authors: Berkachy Rédina , Donzé Laurent
Published: July 2022

We propose a practical procedure of construction of fuzzy confidence intervals by the likelihood method where the observations and the hypotheses are considered to be fuzzy. We use the bootstrap technique to estimate the distribution of the likelihood ratio. The chosen bootstrap algorithm consists on randomly drawing observations by preserving the location and dispersion measures of the original fuzzy data set. A metric $$d_{SGD}^{\theta ^{\star }}$$

d

SGD

θ
⋆

based on the well-known signed distance measure is considered in this case. We expose a simulation study to investigate the influence of the fuzziness of the computed maximum likelihood estimator on the constructed confidence intervals. Based on these intervals, we introduce a hypothesis test for the equality of means of two groups with its corresponding decision rule. The highlight of this paper is the application of the defended approach on the Swiss SILC Surveys. We empirically investigate the influence of the fuzziness vs. the randomness of the data as well as of the maximum likelihood estimator on the confidence intervals. In addition, we perform an empirical analysis where we compare the mean of the group “Swiss nationality” to the group “Other nationalities” for the variables Satisfaction of health situation and Satisfaction of financial situation.
Posture and Mechanical Load Assessment During Patient Transfers
Authors: Hellmers Sandra , Brinkmann Anna , Böhlen Conrad Fifelski-von , Lau Sandra , Diekmann Rebecca , Hein Andreas
Published: July 2022

Caregivers experience high musculoskeletal loads during their daily work, which leads to back complaints and a high rate of absenteeism at work. This reinforces the already existing discrepancy between the supply and demand of caregivers. Ergonomically correct working can significantly reduce musculoskeletal load. Therefore, we developed a system that recognizes potentially harmful body postures. In a study with 13 caregiver students, we analyzed the body postures, as well as muscle activities, and loads during the transfer of a patient from bed to wheelchair. The body postures were measured by a full-body motion capture system and a Multi-Kinect System. Muscle activities and loads were recorded via surface electromyography and a force plate. The posture analysis system is based on the motion capture data and considers the recommendations for ergonomic working in the care sector. The system generates a result report visualizing the skeleton model as well as color-coded information about inclination and torsion angles. The motion capture data were also related to EMG and force data and analyzed according to biomechanical assumptions.
Relevance of a history-based activity for mathematics learning
Authors: De Vittori Thomas
Published: July 2022

This paper reports on an experiment involving 108 sixth-grade French students in which the history of Chinese numeration was used in mathematics education. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relevance of using ancient number systems in mathematics education, which is common in French textbooks. In the experiment a pre-test with usual mathematics exercises and an activity with a post-test comprising history-based ones have been proposed. On this data, a factor analysis shows that the tasks based on the history of mathematics combined well with specific mathematical skills. Then, an analysis of the difficulty levels (1PL model) of the regular items and the history-based items helps identifying some key points for which the history of mathematics is relevant.
The Changing Nature of Class Voting in Canada, 1965–2019
Authors: Polacko Matthew , Kiss Simon , Graefe Peter
Published: July 2022

Much attention has been paid to the changing class cleavage that structured political conflict in the twentieth century. In contrast to most advanced democracies, class voting has traditionally been weak in Canada. Using the entire series of the Canadian Election Study (1965–2019), we find the historic pattern of working-class voting for the New Democratic Party (NDP) held outside of Quebec in recent elections, before suddenly falling off in 2019. Starting in 2004, we find a clear and distinct trend where the working class has increased its support for the Conservatives. Although greater partisan sorting is occurring over the economy, cultural issues such as moral traditionalism and anti-immigration are now significant drivers of working-class Conservative support. The findings carry important implications for class-party relationships and reveal that Canada, despite its comparatively weak nativist cleavage, is not immune from the tensions social democratic parties have recently experienced in maintaining cross-class coalitions amid socio-economic structural changes.
DID THEOPHRASTUS HELP DELIVER ERESUS FROM TYRANTS?
Authors: Ebner-Landy Katie
Published: July 2022

Plutarch's Moralia mentions that Theophrastus twice delivered his native city from tyrants (1097B, 1126F), a detail that has been difficult to make coherent with our existing understanding of Theophrastus’ life. Theophrastus seems to be in the wrong place at the wrong time for this to have been possible, or to have been too undemocratic and scholastic a philosopher to have wanted to participate in these struggles in the first place. By more closely examining the nature of Plutarch's comment and the evidence for Theophrastus’ political orientation and character, this article argues that there are, however, grounds on which to take Plutarch's report seriously. It presents a case for Theophrastus’ participation in two liberation struggles in 334 and 332, without complicating the trajectory of his accompanying Aristotle to both Macedonia and Athens during this period.
First Tonsures in England in the First Half of the Fourteenth Century
Authors: ROBINSON DAVID
Published: July 2022

Boys who were tonsured by their bishop acquired clerical status. Bishops might confer the tonsure at or near a general ordination but also on their progress around their diocese or when resident at one of their manor houses. Candidates had to be ‘literate’, possessing a certain level of Latin, free (or manumitted), legitimate (or dispensed) and ‘suitable’. There is evidence of local selection and candidates were examined before being tonsured. Tonsuring could be the first stage in progress to the priesthood, but many did not proceed beyond the first tonsure and others progressed only to ordination as acolyte.
Movement pattern and population structure ofClibanarius antillensisStimpson, 1859 in south Brazil
Authors: da Silva Alexandre R. , dos Santos Renan A. P. , Gryszyszyn Luana Maria , Paluski Geovana Bastos , Gregati Rafael Augusto
Published: July 2022

Hermit crabs have soft abdomens and therefore must use empty gastropod shells as protection. Shell choices do not occur at random, and the animals often occupy shells with the best fit among the available ones. To live in intertidal and sublittoral zones, regions subjected to daily variations in abiotic factors, hermit crabs present a locomotory circadian rhythm.Clibanarius antillensishas been the object of several studies in Brazil's south-east, so this study was aimed at describing its population in the south of Brazil and its movement activity under laboratory conditions during night-time and daytime, while using two different shells. The animals were sampled from the Sepultura and Lagoinha beaches, in the state of Santa Catarina through free diving. Sex ratio was skewed for males, with ovigerous females present during the whole year but with a spring peak. Males were more abundant than females, ovigerous females and intersex individuals, being predominant in all size-classes analysed. The hermit crabs occupied mainly two gastropod shells:Cerithium atratumandAgathistoma viridulum, and ovigerous females used only the first.Clibanarius antillensisshowed nocturnal activity and the animals usingC. atratumshells were more active than those usingA. viridulum.Cerithium atratumshells are lighter and less bulky thanA. viridulum, implying that there might be a tradeoff in which the hermit crabs use lighter shells, that provide less protection in order to expend less energy and be more active.
Constraining Clouds and Convective Parameterizations in a Climate Model Using Paleoclimate Data
Authors: Ramos R. D. , LeGrande A. N. , Griffiths M. L. , Elsaesser G. S. , Litchmore D. T. , Tierney J. E. , Pausata F. S. R. , Nusbaumer J.
Published: July 2022

Cloud and convective parameterizations strongly influence uncertainties in equilibrium climate sensitivity. We provide a proof‐of‐concept study to constrain these parameterizations in a perturbed parameter ensemble of the atmosphere‐only version of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies Model E2.1 simulations by evaluating model biases in the present‐day runs using multiple satellite climatologies and by comparing simulated δ18O of precipitation (δ18Op), known to be sensitive to parameterization schemes, with a global database of speleothem δ18O records covering the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), mid‐Holocene (MH) and pre‐industrial (PI) periods. Relative to modern interannual variability, paleoclimate simulations show greater sensitivity to parameter changes, allowing for an evaluation of model uncertainties over a broader range of climate forcing and the identification of parts of the world that are parameter sensitive. Certain simulations reproduced absolute δ18Op values across all time periods, along with LGM and MH δ18Op anomalies relative to the PI, better than the default parameterization. No single set of parameterizations worked well in all climate states, likely due to the non‐stationarity of cloud feedbacks under varying boundary conditions. Future work that involves varying multiple parameter sets simultaneously with coupled ocean feedbacks will likely provide improved constraints on cloud and convective parameterizations.
Attribution of Stratospheric and Tropospheric Ozone Changes Between 1850 and 2014 in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Zeng Guang , Morgenstern Olaf , Williams Jonny H. T. , O’Connor Fiona M. , Griffiths Paul T. , Keeble James , Deushi Makoto , Horowitz Larry W. , Naik Vaishali , Emmons Louisa K. , Abraham N. Luke , Archibald Alexander T. , Bauer Susanne E. , Hassler Birgit , Michou Martine , Mills Michael J. , Murray Lee T. , Oshima Naga , Sentman Lori T. , Tilmes Simone , Tsigaridis Kostas , Young Paul J.
Published: July 2022

We quantify the impacts of halogenated ozone‐depleting substances (ODSs), greenhouse gases (GHGs), and short‐lived ozone precursors on ozone changes between 1850 and 2014 using single‐forcing perturbation simulations from several Earth system models with interactive chemistry participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project. We present the responses of ozone to individual forcings and an attribution of changes in ozone columns and vertically resolved stratospheric and tropospheric ozone to these forcings. We find that whilst substantial ODS‐induced ozone loss dominates the stratospheric ozone changes since the 1970s, in agreement with previous studies, increases in tropospheric ozone due to increases in short‐lived ozone precursors and methane since the 1950s make increasingly important contributions to total column ozone (TCO) changes. Increases in methane also lead to substantial extra‐tropical stratospheric ozone increases. Impacts of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide on stratospheric ozone are significant but their impacts on TCO are small overall due to several opposing factors and are also associated with large dynamical variability. The multi‐model mean (MMM) results show a clear change in the stratospheric ozone trends after 2000 due to now declining ODSs, but the trends are generally not significantly positive, except in the extra‐tropical upper stratosphere, due to relatively small changes in forcing over this period combined with large model uncertainty. Although the MMM ozone compares well with the observations, the inter‐model differences are large primarily due to the large differences in the models' representation of ODS‐induced ozone depletion.
Adverse childhood experiences, child poverty, and adiposity trajectories from childhood to adolescence: evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Deng Keyao , Lacey Rebecca E.
Published: July 2022

Objective

This study investigated associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in early childhood (at ages 9 months and 3 years) and adiposity trajectories of children/adolescents from age 5 to age 17, and the potential interaction between ACEs and poverty on adiposity trajectories.

Methods

Data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study was used. Eight commonly studied ACEs and poverty were measured when the child was aged 9 months and 3 years. ACEs were considered as a cumulative score and as individual experiences. Linear-mixed effect models were employed, modelling BMI and fat mass index (FMI) trajectories from age 5 to 17 (main outcome), adjusting for covariates and stratified by sex. Interactions with poverty were also tested. The sample sizes were 7282 and 6912 for BMI and FMI sample respectively.

Results

Cumulative ACE score was associated with steeper increase in BMI and FMI among boys with 3+ ACEs (BMI: β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02–0.24; FMI: β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01–0.19). For individual ACEs, parental depression was associated with steeper increase in BMI/FMI trajectories in both sexes (BMI: boys: β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.07–0.23, girls: β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05–0.20; FMI: boys: β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03–0.15, girls: β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02–0.16). In addition, parental separation and physical punishment were associated with steeper increase in BMI/FMI trajectories among girls (BMI: parental separation: β = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.06–0.44, physical punishment: β = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03–0.26; FMI: parental separation: β = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.03–0.37, physical punishment: β = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02–0.22). No interaction effect had been found between ACEs and poverty on the adiposity trajectories.

Conclusions

A complex relationship between ACEs in early childhood and adiposity trajectories for children/adolescents was found, highlighting the different effects of specific ACEs and sex differences in the association.
Targeting the “hallmarks of aging” to slow aging and treat age-related disease: fact or fiction?
Authors: Keshavarz Maryam , Xie Kan , Schaaf Kristina , Bano Daniele , Ehninger Dan
Published: July 2022

Aging is a major risk factor for a number of chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders. Aging processes have therefore been discussed as potential targets for the development of novel and broadly effective preventatives or therapeutics for age-related diseases, including those affecting the brain. Mechanisms thought to contribute to aging have been summarized under the term the “hallmarks of aging” and include a loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered nutrient sensing, telomere attrition, genomic instability, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, epigenetic alterations and altered intercellular communication. We here examine key claims about the “hallmarks of aging”. Our analysis reveals important weaknesses that preclude strong and definitive conclusions concerning a possible role of these processes in shaping organismal aging rate. Significant ambiguity arises from the overreliance on lifespan as a proxy marker for aging, the use of models with unclear relevance for organismal aging, and the use of study designs that do not allow to properly estimate intervention effects on aging rate. We also discuss future research directions that should be taken to clarify if and to what extent putative aging regulators do in fact interact with aging. These include multidimensional analytical frameworks as well as designs that facilitate the proper assessment of intervention effects on aging rate.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase METTL3 regulates sepsis-induced myocardial injury through IGF2BP1/HDAC4 dependent manner
Authors: Shen Hao , Xie Keliang , Li Miaomiao , Yang Qianyu , Wang Xiaoye
Published: July 2022

Recent studies have identified that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) extensively participates in the myocardial injury pathophysiological process. However, the role of m6A on sepsis-induced myocardial injury is still unclear. Here, we investigated the functions and mechanism of m6A methyltransferase METTL3 for septic myocardial injury. Results illustrated that the m6A modification level and METTL3 up-regulated in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiomyocytes (H9C2 cells). Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-Seq) revealed the m6A profile of the septic myocardial injury cellular model. Functionally, METTL3 knockdown repressed the inflammatory damage of cardiomyocytes induced by LPS. Mechanistically, we found that HDAC4 had remarkable m6A modification sites on its 3’-UTR genome, acting as the downstream target of METTL3. Besides, m6A reader IGF2BP1 recognized the m6A modification sites on HDAC4 mRNA and enhanced its RNA stability. In conclusion, the findings illustrated a role of METTL3/IGF2BP1/m6A/HDAC4 axis on sepsis-induced myocardial injury, which might provide novel therapeutic strategy for septic myocardial injury.
Efficient and interpretable graph network representation for angle-dependent properties applied to optical spectroscopy
Authors: Hsu Tim , Pham Tuan Anh , Keilbart Nathan , Weitzner Stephen , Chapman James , Xiao Penghao , Qiu S. Roger , Chen Xiao , Wood Brandon C.
Published: July 2022

Graph neural networks are attractive for learning properties of atomic structures thanks to their intuitive graph encoding of atoms and bonds. However, conventional encoding does not include angular information, which is critical for describing atomic arrangements in disordered systems. In this work, we extend the recently proposed ALIGNN (Atomistic Line Graph Neural Network) encoding, which incorporates bond angles, to also include dihedral angles (ALIGNN-d). This simple extension leads to a memory-efficient graph representation that captures the complete geometry of atomic structures. ALIGNN-d is applied to predict the infrared optical response of dynamically disordered Cu(II) aqua complexes, leveraging the intrinsic interpretability to elucidate the relative contributions of individual structural components. Bond and dihedral angles are found to be critical contributors to the fine structure of the absorption response, with distortions that represent transitions between more common geometries exhibiting the strongest absorption intensity. Future directions for further development of ALIGNN-d are discussed.
Structure--property relationship and chemical durability of magnesium-containing borosilicate glasses with insight from topological constraints
Authors: Bisbrouck N. , Micoulaut M. , Delaye J. M. , Gin S. , Angeli F.
Published: July 2022

The initial dissolution rate of a series of multicomponent glasses is studied in order to discuss the influence of increasing magnesium content in the glass on this alteration regime and to highlight differences in behavior between calcium- and magnesium-bearing glasses. The application of MD-based topological constraint theory (TCT) is confronted to glass transition temperature (Tg) and initial dissolution rate (r0) on a glass series containing the main oxides of a French nuclear glass (AVM). In addition, a comparison between a reference magnesium-containing nuclear waste glass, AVMV4 and a proposed derived simplified composition N19M8 is performed regarding r0 values. Results indicate a similar behavior in this alteration regime for the two glasses, suggesting that this simple glass might be a good analogue to the complex one. Substituting calcium for magnesium decreases the initial dissolution rate by a factor two in the series, while an overall increase of magnesium leads to an increased dissolution rate. Analyses performed with TCT suggests that magnesium environment is better defined than calcium or sodium and may behave as an intermediate species. Finally, a correlation between the number of constraints per atom and Tg is established, while the model failed to link structural features to r0.
Validation and promise of a TCR mimic antibody for cancer immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Chang , Liu Hong , Dasgupta Moumita , Hellman Lance M. , Zhang Xiaogang , Qu Kai , Xue Hui , Wang Yun , Fan Fenling , Chang Qi , Yu Duo , Ge Linhu , Zhang Yu , Cui Ziyou , Zhang Pengbo , Heller Bradley , Zhang Hongbing , Shi Bingyin , Baker Brian M. , Liu Cheng
Published: July 2022

Monoclonal antibodies are at the vanguard of the most promising cancer treatments. Whereas traditional therapeutic antibodies have been limited to extracellular antigens, T cell receptor mimic (TCRm) antibodies can target intracellular antigens presented by cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. TCRm antibodies can therefore target a repertoire of otherwise undruggable cancer antigens. However, the consequences of off-target peptide/MHC recognition with engineered T cell therapies are severe, and thus there are significant safety concerns with TCRm antibodies. Here we explored the specificity and safety profile of a new TCRm-based T cell therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a solid tumor for which no effective treatment exists. We targeted an alpha-fetoprotein peptide presented by HLA-A*02 with a highly specific TCRm, which crystallographic structural analysis showed binds directly over the HLA protein and interfaces with the full length of the peptide. We fused the TCRm to the γ and δ subunits of a TCR, producing a signaling AbTCR construct. This was combined with an scFv/CD28 co-stimulatory molecule targeting glypican-3 for increased efficacy towards tumor cells. This AbTCR + co-stimulatory T cell therapy showed potent activity against AFP-positive cancer cell lines in vitro and an in an in vivo model and undetectable activity against AFP-negative cells. In an in-human safety assessment, no significant adverse events or cytokine release syndrome were observed and evidence of efficacy was seen. Remarkably, one patient with metastatic HCC achieved a complete remission after nine months and ultimately qualified for a liver transplant.
Ovicidal and repellent activities of several plant essential oils against Periplaneta americana L. and enhanced activities from their combined formulation
Authors: Soonwera Mayura , Moungthipmalai Tanapoom , Takawirapat Wacharaporn , Sittichok Sirawut
Published: July 2022

Natural ovicidal and repellent agents against Periplaneta americana L. are urgently needed, and plant essential oils (EOs) can assume this role quite readily. In this study, ovicidal and repellent activities against Periplaneta americana of EOs from Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.), Cinnamomum verum (J. Presl.), Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.), Illicium verum (Hook.f.), and Zanthoxylum limonella (Alston) in soybean oil and in ethyl alcohol were determined by topical and dual-choice assays, as well as 10% cypermethrin and a combined formulation of 5% C. verum EO + 5% I. verum EO. Cypermethrin at 10% provided the highest toxicity (100% inhibition rate) against the eggs, but only slightly higher than that (99.3%) provided by the combined EO formulation, while the highest repellent activity against the adults was provided by the combined formulation (89.5% repelled cockroaches at 48 h after treatment). In addition, all EO formulations in soybean oil provided higher ovicidal and repellent activities than those in ethyl alcohol. To conclude, the combined EO formulation in soybean oil can replace cypermethrin because their efficacy was nearly equivalent, but the combination should be much safer to use.
Swedish snuff (snus) dipping, cigarette smoking, and risk of peripheral artery disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Titova Olga E. , Damrauer Scott M. , Åkesson Agneta , Larsson Susanna C.
Published: July 2022

Tobacco smoking is an important risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD), but it remains unknown whether smokeless tobacco, such as Swedish snuff (snus), is also associated with this disease. We used data from the Cohort of Swedish Men including 24,085 men. Individuals were grouped into never, past, and current snus dippers as well as never, past quitting ≥ 10 years, past, quitting < 10 years, and current smokers. Incident PAD cases were defined by linkage of the cohort with the Swedish National Patient Register. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the data. Over a mean follow-up period of 9.1 years (from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2019), 655 incident PAD cases were ascertained. Cigarette smoking but not Swedish snus dipping was associated with an increased risk of PAD. Compared with never snus dippers, the hazard ratio of PAD was 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73–1.24) for past snus dippers and 0.88 (95% CI 0.66–1.17) for current snus dippers. Compared to never smokers, the hazard ratio of PAD was 1.38 (95% CI 1.14–1.68) for past smoker who stopped smoking for ≥ 10 years, 2.61 (95% CI 1.89–3.61) for past smoker who stopped smoking for < 10 years, and 4.01 (95% CI 3.17, 5.08) for current smoker. In conclusion, cigarette smoking but not Swedish snus dipping increases the risk of PAD.
Hybrid-control arm construction using historical trial data for an early-phase, randomized controlled trial in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Chen , Ferro Ana , Mhatre Shivani K. , Lu Danny , Lawrance Marcus , Li Xiao , Li Shi , Allen Simon , Desai Jayesh , Fakih Marwan , Cecchini Michael , Pedersen Katrina S. , Kim Tae You , Reyes-Rivera Irmarie , Segal Neil H. , Lenain Christelle
Published: July 2022

Background

Treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer patients beyond the second line remains challenging, highlighting the need for early phase trials of combination therapies for patients who had disease progression during or following two prior lines of therapy. Leveraging hybrid control design in these trials may preserve the benefits of randomization while strengthening evidence by integrating historical trial data. Few examples have been established to assess the applicability of such design in supporting early phase metastatic colorectal cancer trials.

Methods

MORPHEUS-CRC is an umbrella, multicenter, open-label, phase Ib/II, randomized, controlled trial (NCT03555149), with active experimental arms ongoing. Patients enrolled were assigned to a control arm (regorafenib, 15 patients randomized and 13 analysed) or multiple experimental arms for immunotherapy-based treatment combinations. One experimental arm (atezolizumab + isatuximab, 15 patients randomized and analysed) was completed and included in the hybrid-control study, where the hybrid-control arm was constructed by integrating data from the IMblaze370 phase 3 trial (NCT02788279). To estimate treatment efficacy, Cox and logistic regression models were used in a frequentist framework with standardized mortality ratio weighting or in a Bayesian framework with commensurate priors. The primary endpoint is objective response rate, while disease control rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival were the outcomes assessed in the hybrid-control study.

Results

The experimental arm showed no efficacy signal, yet a well-tolerated safety profile in the MORPHEUS-CRC trial. Treatment effects estimated in hybrid control design were comparable to those in the MORPHEUS-CRC trial using either frequentist or Bayesian models.

Conclusions

Hybrid control provides comparable treatment-effect estimates with generally improved precision, and thus can be of value to inform early-phase clinical development in metastatic colorectal cancer.
Catalytic Ozonation over Nanocarbon Materials
Authors: Liu Ya , Wang Yuxian
Published: July 2022

Growing research interest has been attracted to developing state-of-the-art nanocarbon catalysts for catalytic ozonation because of their high activity and environmentally benign nature. Additionally, thanks to the versatility of nanocarbons, the interactions of O3 and organics on their active sites can be investigated in-depth by surface and morphology control, post-functionalization or creating discrete organic molecules that contain analogous active sites on the nanocarbon. In this chapter, various types of nanocarbon-based catalyzed ozonation processes are described. Moreover, the intrinsic nature of the interaction of O3 on the active sites of nanocarbons and reaction pathways for organic destruction are discussed.
Beyond classical sulfone chemistry: metal- and photocatalytic approaches for C–S bond functionalization of sulfones
Authors: Corpas Javier , Kim-Lee Shin-Ho , Mauleón Pablo , Arrayás Ramón Gómez , Carretero Juan C.
Published: July 2022

Sulfones are excellent candidates for the design of new C–C and C–X bond-forming reactions owing to the easy activation of C–S bonds. This review focuses on challenges and recent opportunities for catalytic functionalization of sulfones.
Development of ultra-high affinity bivalent ligands targeting the polo-like kinase 1
Authors: Tsuji Kohei , Hymel David , Ma Buyong , Tamamura Hirokazu , Nussinov Ruth , Burke Terrence R.
Published: July 2022

The polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is an important mediator of cell cycle regulation and a recognized anti-cancer molecular target.
Removal of ethyl mercaptan from gas streams using chromium modified hexaniobate nanotubes
Authors: Zhu Jichao , Hu Lifang , He Jie
Published: July 2022

In this study, chromium modified hexaniobate nanotubes with high dispersion of the chromium species were first prepared by the ion exchange–flocculation–calcination process for removal of C2H5SH.
Cross-linked copolymer-derived nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon with high-performance lithium storage capability
Authors: Luo Rui , Wan Zhengwei , Mei Peng , Xie Zhengjiao , Shi Dean , Yang Yingkui
Published: July 2022

A hierarchically porous carbon material with N-doping has been developed by a synchronous activation–carbonization tactic using a cross-linked N-containing copolymer as the precursor, demonstrating tremendous potential as an alternative LIBs anode.
A high-efficient electrochemical synthesis of a low-nuclearity copper-cluster-based metal–organic framework for the size-selective oxidation of alcohols
Authors: Huang Zixuan , Zhang Lin , Hou Jiayou , Xu Tengjiao , Song Bowen , Bai Xi , Fu Hai , Guo Peipei
Published: July 2022

A copper-cluster-based micropore MOF, namely H-1e, possessing excellent oxidation activity for alcohols (mini-size) to aldehydes with over 99% selectivity and 99% yield, has been obtained by a highly efficient electrochemical synthesis.
Performance of optical materials with the derivative of planar π-conjugated groups: Recent advances and future prospects
Authors: Cheng Huanhuan , Jin Wenqi , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: July 2022

In this review, compounds involving the derivative of planar π-conjugated groups are classified and summarized based on their crystal structures and accessible experimental and calculated data, and the prospects of the above materials are discussed.
Cr3+-Doped double perovskite antimonates: efficient and tunable phosphors from NIR-I to NIR-II
Authors: Zhao Meng , Liu Shengqiang , Cai Hao , Zhao Fangyi , Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin
Published: July 2022

By tuning cationic compositions, Cr3+-doped antimonate double perovskites present emissions from NIR-I to NIR-II regions. In particular, Ca2ScSbO6:Cr3+ and Sr2InSbO6:Cr3+ feature long-wavelength emissions with high luminescence efficiency.
Simultaneous enhancement of near infrared luminescence and stability of Cs2AgInCl6:Cr3+ double perovskite single crystals enabled by a Yb3+ dopant
Authors: Chen Daiwen , Zhang Xinguo , Wei Jianwu , Zhou Liya , Chen Peican , Pang Qi , Zhang Jin Zhong
Published: July 2022

Cs2AgInCl6:Cr3+,Yb3+ double perovskite single crystals was prepared by hydrothermal method, which shows NIR emission from 800 to 1400 nm with a peak at 1000 nm and a full-width at half maximum of 188 nm with a higher PLQY of ∼45% excited at 365 nm.
Plasma-etched Ti2O3with oxygen vacancies for enhanced NH3electrosynthesis and Zn–N2batteries
Authors: Chen Hai-jun , Xu Zhao-quan , Sun Shengjun , Luo Yongsong , Liu Qian , Hamdy Mohamed S. , Feng Zhe-sheng , Sun Xuping , Wang Yan
Published: July 2022

Plasma-etched OV-Ti2O3behaves as an active and stable catalyst for electrochemical N2reduction to yield NH3, capable of attaining a large NH3yield of 37.24 μg h−1mgcat.−1and high faradaic efficiency of 19.29%.
Brønsted acid catalyzed enantioselective addition of hydrazones to 3-indolylmethanols
Authors: Mader Steffen , Maji Modhu Sudan , Atodiresei Iuliana , Rueping Magnus
Published: July 2022

A metal-free synthesis of enantiopure β-substituted tryptophan derivatives was developed. A chiral Brønsted acid enabled the addition of donor-substituted hydrazones to 3-indolylmethanols in excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
Anchoring ultrafine CdS nanoparticles in TpPa-1-COF: a type II heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic N2 fixation
Authors: Wang Chunqiang , Shi Songhu , Duan Fang , Lu Shuanglong , Zhu Han , Du Mingliang , Chen Xin , Chen Mingqing
Published: July 2022

A type II heterojunction CdS/TpPa-1 with enhanced photocatalytic N2 fixation performance was constructed by anchoring ultrafine CdS nanoparticles in the TpPa-1-COF matrix.