bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUTION OF LYSOZYME IN THE SERUM, URINE AND KIDNEYS OF AKR MICE DURING THE PATHOGENESIS OF LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: Klockars Matti
Published: August 2010

The distribution of lysozyme in the serum, urine and kidney homogenates was studied in normal young (less than 4 months) AKR mice, in old (more than 8 months) AKR mice that bore a spontaneous lymphocytic leukemia and in young AKR mice in whom this leukemia had been transplanted. Much higher concentrations of lysozyme were detected in the kidney homogenates of the old mice than among the young mice. However, after the injection of leukemic cells into the young mice, increased concentrations of lysozyme were detected in their kidneys as well. Concentrations of lysozyme in the serum did not vary markedly in either age group or during the course of leukemic cell proliferation. During the pathogenesis of the transplanted leukemia, morphological changes were observed within the proximal tubular cells of the kidneys by light microscopy, and by the cytochemical demonstration of lysozyme using an immunoperoxidase technique. The number and size of dense and lysozyme‐positive granules of the proximal tubular cells increased concomitantly with the increase in lysozyme levels in kidney homogenates. Lysozymuria developed in the advanced stages of the disease and was associated with morphological signs of tubular cell damage. The findings of elevated lysozyme levels in leukemic mice are discussed as a phenomenon related to the stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system induced either by the injected leukemic cells or by the viral agent associated with this lymphocytic leukemia.
THE IMMUNE REACTION AGAINST MALIGNANT MELANOMA STUDIED IN A BIOPSY MATERIAL
Authors: Kåresen R.
Published: August 2010

Biopsies from primary and secondary malignant melanomas have been studied by light microscopy as well as by fluorescence and electron microscopy. In the two primary tumours, lymphocytes in different stages of transformation were observed at the periphery of the tumour, but evidence of a cytotoxic effect of the immune cells against the tumour cells could not be obtained. Plasma cells were few and deposits of γ‐globulins were not observed outside these cells. In 13 of the 15 metastatic tumours, lymphocytes and plasma cells were observed among the tumour cells, the latter being the most prevalent cell type. In 11 patients, γ‐globulins were found on the surface of the tumour cells and in 7, a variable proportion of the cells showed specific cytoplasmic fluorescence. In one tumour, ultrastructural changes, interpreted as changes due to immune cytolysis, were observed. Viruslike particles were not observed in any case.
GASTRIC LOCALIZATION OF ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOUR
Authors: Møller J. E. , Raahave D.
Published: August 2010

The rare, malignant germ cell tumour, endodermal sinus tumour, may also have an extragonadal localization. A case of gastric localization is presented. Palliative resection of the bleeding tumour was performed, including partial hepatectomy. A cavity developed between the abdomen and the left half of the thorax, which became infected postoperatively, resulting in septicaemia and death in the course of renewed attempts at drainage. At autopsy an adult teratoma was found in the one testis, just as teratomata had been removed three years previously from both lung hila. It is suggested that the endodermal sinus tumour in the stomach may have been a metastasis from one of these teratomata or a stage in a multiple teratoid anlage.
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF A POSSIBLE CARCINOMA‐IN‐SITU IN THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES IN THE TESTIS OF FOUR INFERTILE MEN
Authors: Nielsen Helle , Nielsen Morten , Skakkebæk Niels E.
Published: August 2010

An abnormal morphology of germ cells was found in the seminiferous epithelium of four infertile men, three of whom developed a carcinoma of the same testis. The ultrastructure of the abnormal germ cells from the different patients were compared and found to be almost identical. The fine structure of the cells was also compared with that of the normal pre‐ and postpubertal germ cells described in the literature. We found that the abnormal germ cells were similar to the former although they also possesed several malignant features as regards the size and shape of nucleus, nucleolus and the density of cytoplasmic organelles. The ultrastructure of the Sertoli cells was compared with that of normal pre‐ and postpubertal Sertoli cells described in the literature. Morphologically they seemed to be normal postpubertal Sertoli cells. The findings indicate that the abnormal cells represent a carcinomain‐situ of rather primitive germ cell origin.
MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST
Authors: Hartveit F.
Published: August 2010

Seventeen cases of infiltrating medullary carcinoma of the breast are presented. The majority were of cytological Type I, of poor prognosis. Their mean survival time was 2.3 years. Five cases of Type III medullary carcinoma are also documented. In these cases the patients were all alive over 10 years after operation.
STUDIES ELUCIDATING THE IMPORTANCE OF THYMUS ON THE DEGREE OF INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE AND VASCULAR DISEASE IN RENAL HYPERTENSIVE MICE.
Authors: Svendsen Ulrik Gerner
Published: August 2010

The degree of round cell infiltration around hypertensively damaged heart arteries in one kidney Goldblatt hypertensive mice is more pronounced in haired mice with normal thymus function than in their nude littermates with genetic aplasia of the thymus. The level of hypertension and the prognoses for the hypertensive mice are, however, not influenced by the presence of thymus and thymus derived T cells. The results give evidence that delayed type immune reactions are involved in the hypertensive vascular disease in mice, but fail to support the assumption that they have pathogenic importance for either the level of hypertension or the prognoses of the one kidney Goldblatt hypertensive mice.
THE HISTOGENETIC‐EMBRYOLOGIC BASIS FOR REAPPEARANCE OF ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN IN ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMORS (YOLK SAC TUMORS) AND TERATOMAS
Authors: Teilum G. , Albrechtsen R. , Nørgaard‐Pedersen B.
Published: August 2010

The mechanism of neosynthesis of the human tumor‐associated fetal antigen alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) in a variable percentage of patients with testicular, ovarian and extragonadal germ cell tumors has generally been considered unknown or beyond any simple explanation. Of decisive importance is the cellular basis for AFP production 1. in ontogenesis and 2. in malignancy as dependent on an exact tumor histogenesis. Based on (1) the histogenetic‐embryologic classification of germ cell tumors and the concept of yolk sac tumor (or endodermal sinus tumor), (2) the available clinical and experimental observations, and (3) the immunofluorescent localization of AFP in the endodermal sinus tumor of the human testis, it is concluded that AFP synthesis in these neoplasms is explained by the fact that they contain yolk sac endoderm, which produce AFP analogous with the physiological AFP synthesis by the fetal yolk sac in early embryogenesis.
SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF AMINO ACID NAPHTHYLAMIDASE ISOZYMES IN HUMAN LEUCOCYTES
Authors: Lundgren E. , Roos G. , Tärnvik A.
Published: August 2010

Three isozymes (A, B and C) of amino acid naphthylamidase were found in human leucocytes. Isozyme B and C had close biochemical similarities and differed from isozyme A. Isozyme A was localized in the cytosol. Results obtained by combining electrophoresis with gradient centrifugation suggested that isozyme B originated in granules of polymorphonuclear leucocytes enriched in alkaline phosphatase. Isozyme C was found in granules of low density of polymorphonuclear as well as mononuclear leucocytes.
EFFECTS OF SUPPLY AND WITHDRAWAL OF FLUORIDE.
Authors: Rosenquist Jan B.
Published: August 2010

Growing rabbits were given 200 ppm of fluoride in the drinking water during 14 weeks. During this period excessive fluorotic changes developed in the diaphyses of the femur and tibia. The alkaline phosphatase and pyrophosphatase activities increased simultaneously in the fluorotic bone whereas the ratio between the activities remained constant. Acid phosphatase activity also increased. The increase in enzyme activities was regarded as due to the increased bone turnover and not as a primary consequence of fluoride ingestion.
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF DMBA‐INDUCED MAMMARY TUMOURS IN THE RAT
Authors: Torgersen Olav
Published: August 2010

Since human mammary cancers have a preference for certain regions of the breast, registration of the topography of DMBA‐induced mammary tumours in rats was performed. This revealed that most of the tumours occurred in the upper, or thoracic, mammary glands. While the number of tumours in the two abdominal mammary regions was found to be rather constant, the incidence in the two thoracic regions had a tendency to mutual variations. A regional registration should be made in all experiments dealing with induced mammary tumours.
MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA IN A FAMILY
Authors: Reske‐Nielsen Edith , Haase Jens , Kelstrup Jørgen
Published: August 2010

12 healthy persons—close relatives to two children who died of malignant hyperthermia—volunteered for biopsies of striated muscle and skin, electromyography and electroencephalography. The investigations of muscle biopsies comprised material for enzyme histochemistry and ordinary light microscopy including visualization of the intramuscular nerves. Out of 12 clinically healthy persons 9 revealed abnormalities of the muscle fibres, 11 showed degenerative and regenerative alterations in the intramuscular nerves, in EMG 7 turned out to produce slight neuropathy, and 7 displayed abnormal EEG tracings. These findings support the idea that the etiological key (or keys) in the peculiar pathophysiological entity of malignant hyperthermia may even be found outside the striated muscle cell.
SKELETAL FLUOROSIS IN IMMOBILIZED EXTREMITIES
Authors: Rosenquist Jan B.
Published: August 2010

The effect of immobilization on skeletal fluorosis was studied in growing rabbits. One hind leg was immobilized by an external fixation device extending below the wrist joint and above the knee joint, the extremity being in a straight position after severance of the sciatic nerve. The animals, aged 7 weeks at the beginning of the experiment, were given 10 mg of fluoride per kg body weight and day during 12 weeks. In the tibiae, development of the skeletal fluorosis was more irregular than that observed in previous studies of normally active animals, being most excessive in the mobile bone. The immobilization effect was most profound in the femora as the cortical thickness and the femur score were significantly higher than those in the mobile femora. It was suggested that an altered muscular activity was the reason for the observed changes.
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID CONTENT IN THE LARYNGEAL MUCOSA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO POLYPLOID CELL NUCLEI
Authors: Greisen O.
Published: August 2010

The DNA content was measured by microphotometry in morphologically normal squamous epithelium of the larynx, in hyperplastic epithelium of the vocal cords and in invasive squamous‐cell carcinoma. The average nuclear DNA content in the squamous‐cell carcinoma was elevated in comparison with that of normal epithelium, and the values showed a much wider dispersion. During premitotic DNA synthesis, the nuclear content of DNA is doubled. Polyploid cell nuclei with a nuclear DNA content of more than twice the model value (the stem cell of the tumour) are therefore a distinct sign of an abnormally elevated content of DNA. In morphologically normal epithelium, no polyploid cell nuclei were revealed, while such nuclei were present in all the cases of invasive squamous‐cell carcinoma. Polyploid cell nuclei were found in six out of 20 patients with hyperplasia of the epithelium of the vocal cords. Among these six patients, manifest invasive carcinoma developed in three, carcinoma in situ in one, while the condition remained benign in two, probably because the pathological tissue was completely removed. The presence of polyploid cell nuclei should thus arouse a strong suspicion of malignancy and calls for close supervision of the patient.
GROWTH PATTERNS AND CHROMOSOME CONSTITUTIONS OF HUMAN MALIGNANT TUMOURS AFTER LONG‐TERM SERIAL TRANSPLANTATION IN NUDE MICE
Authors: Povlsen C. O. , Visfeldt J. , Rygaard J. , Jensen Grethe
Published: August 2010

Five human malignant tumours, heterotransplanted to athymic nude mice, have been reinvestigated after long‐term serial transplantation, and their growth patterns and chromosomal constitutions compared with their early appearance. After 27–56 passages over 31/2–51/2 years, all of the tumours–two adenocarcinomas of the colon, two malignant melanomas, and one Burkitt's lymphoma–retained the cytological and histological appearance of the inoculated human material. All the mitoses observed in the chromosome studies were of human karyotype. The fact that no total chromosomal species shift, no interspecies hybridization, and no changes in biological properties appeared–as observed in some other heterotransplantation systems–would indicate that human tumours grafted to nude mice are more suitable models in, e.g., studies concerning cancer chemotherapeutics.
HEALING OF A CRUSH INJURY IN RAT STRIATED MUSCLE
Authors: Järvinen Markku
Published: August 2010

The effects of both early mobilization and immobilization on the healing of a crush injury in the rat gastrocnemius muscle were studied histologically. A reproducible injury was induced on the left calf of 242 rats. The histological observations were made 2 to 42 days after the injury and the intensity of the changes was estimated semiquantitatively by scoring. During the first week, the histological changes were especially dependent on the post‐traumatization treatment. The inflammatory reaction and haemotoma formation were more pronounced in the mobilized muscles and the amount of necrotic and degenerated muscle tissue was more in the immobilized muscles. The disappearance of the haematoma and of the inflammatory cells occurred more rapidly with mobilization. Scar formation was more pronounced in the mobilized injuries. Immobilization for the first 2–5 days after the trauma was followed by a slight delay in the maturation and contraction of the fibrous scar. Muscle regeneration was more extensive and occurred more rapidly in the mobilized muscles. The penetration of regenerated muscle fibres through the scar was more pronounced in the immobilized muscles, but the orientation of the new fibres was more parallel with the original muscle fibres after mobilization. The histological differences between the treatment groups diminished markedly towards the end of the observation period.
PULMONARY VASCULAR LESIONS IN CHICKENS FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF DISINTEGRATED CELLS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Nordstoga Knut , Fjølstad Morten
Published: August 2010

Intravenous injections of disintegrated cells of Escherichia coli in chickens were almost constantly followed by extensive lesions in pulmonary arteries; the alterations consisted of mural fibrinoid necrosis, sometimes with slight intramural occurrence of mononuclear inflammatory cells and eosinophils. Massive perivascular accumulations of the same cell types were also very common findings. Affected arteries were frequently occluded by precipitates, predominantly consisting of the injected material, which were rapidly replaced by proliferating endothelial cells, resulting in obliterative lesions, where giant cells sometimes occurred. The conclusion was drawn that the arterial lesions could most adequately be categorized as hypersensitivity angiitis.
DIFFUSE LIPOMATOSIS IN THE LEG AFTER POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Kindblom L.‐G. , Möller‐Nielsen J.
Published: August 2010

Two elderly women with gradual enlargement of the leg following paralytic poliomyelitis are reported. From the clinical appearance, plain radiograms and angiographic studies the enlargement was thought to be caused by adipose tissue. On exploration the muscles within the calfs were found to be entirely replaced by adipose tissue. Histological examination revealed diffuse lipomatosis involving skeletal muscle, fasciae and in one case even periosteum and bone. Peripheral nerves exhibited fibrosis and myelin degeneration and vessel walls showed unusual angioma‐like changes. Since it is known from the literature that peripheral nerve lesions of different kinds can be followed by adipose overgrowth we believe that there is a pathogenetic relationship between poliomyelitis and the diffuse lipomatosis in the present cases.
EFFECTS OF VIRAL AND MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS ON ULTRASTRUCTURE AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE
Authors: Åström E. , Friman G. , Pilström L.
Published: August 2010

The effect on skeletal muscle of acute viral and mycoplasma infections in thirteen men of ages ranging between 20–42 years has been studied. Comparisons are made with eight healthy men in the age group 22–29 years who were confined to bed for periods of time of lengths similar to the confinement to bed of the patients. Muscle samples were taken from the thigh. Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate (triosephosphate) dehydrogenase (TPD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), citrate synthetase (CS) and cytochrome oxidase (cytox) activities were measured and the ultrastructure of the muscle specimens was studied by electron microscopy. Immobilization of the healthy persons induced decreased activities of CS, but those of TPD, LDH and cytox remained unaffected. Return to normal life restored the CS activity. The activities of the four enzymes were lower in the patients than in the healthy subjects after immobilization. During normal life, the activities slowly rose to levels as those seen in the healthy subjects. In connection with the acute disease, focal ultrastructural changes within the muscle were found. The changes were similar to those reported to occur in other, more specific muscle diseases.
INCREASE IN THE AMOUNT OF NUCLEAR RNA IN LIVER OF ASCITES TUMOUR‐BEARING MICE
Authors: Andersson Gunnar , Christensson Eric , Heby Olle
Published: August 2010

The effect of tumour growth on the liver of the host was studied in the Ehrlich ascites tumour system. During the experimental period there was no infiltration of tumour cells in the liver, and the increase in the proliferation rate of Kupffer cells and parenchymal cells was only small. An increasing stability of the liver cell nuclei towards disruption during the isolation procedure was found to accompany the ascites tumour growth. In parallel, there was an increase in the amount of nuclear RNA and in the cellular spermidine concentration. The major cause of these changes is probably an increasing demand on the liver by the growing tumour, illustrated by the fact that an amount of protein exceeding that of the whole liver accumulates in the ascites fluid during tumour growth. A hypothesis according to which the cellular accumulation of spermidine may be involved in the stabilization of the cell nuclei and in the accumulation of nuclear RNA is advanced.
CHRONIC NON‐RHEUMATIC VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
Authors: Hallgrímsson Jónas
Published: August 2010

The frequency of chronic non‐rheumatic valvular heart disease in Iceland was investigated via autopsies performed from November 1965 through December 1974. During this period, about 12.400 Icelanders died at the age of 16 years and older and 28.8 per cent of these were included in the study. At autopsy, males outnumbered females by 2:1. The frequency of calcific aortic stenosis was found to be 3.63 per cent and the prevalence was calculated to be 3.17 per cent among males and 4.50 per cent among females. Calcific aortic stenosis in tricuspid valves was more frequent in females and calcific aortic stenosis in bicuspid valves was more frequent in males. Among the hearts with calcific aortic stenosis, 70.8 per cent were found to have normally tricuspid valves, 25.4 per cent bicuspid valves and 3.8 per cent tricuspid valves with an unicommissural fusion. In 0.59 per cent of the hearts the aortic valve was either bicuspid or had an unicommisural fusion without the features of calcific stenosis. However, a functional stenosis was suggested by the increased weight of most of these hearts. The frequency of bicuspid aortic valves was 1.2 per cent with a prevalence in males of 1.54 per cent and in females 0.50 per cent. A calcified mitral annulus was found in 1.98 per cent of the hearts and in most, it was either associated with calcific aortic stenosis in a tricuspid valve, or it was a single valvular disease. Rheumatic valvular disease was found in 1.08 per cent of the hearts examined.
BILE CANALICULAR ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN NECROPSY SPECIMENS OF THE LIVER AND ITS RELATION TO DISEASE
Authors: Hägerstrand Inga
Published: August 2010

The histochemical patterns of the alkaline phosphatase reaction in liver specimens obtained at 185 consecutive autopsies were studied for any correlation with clinical data and post mortem findings. Alkaline phosphatase activity of bile canaliculi was found in 71 per cent of the subjects with malignant tumours not involving the liver, and in 77 per cent of the subjects with malignant tumours involving the liver. The histochemical pattern did not differ with the type of tumour. Most subjects with rheumatoid arthritis as well as most of those with centro‐lobular hepatic necrosis due to heart incompensation also showed alkaline phosphatase activity in the bile canaliculi.
THE ALVEOLAR LINING LAYER IN EXPERIMENTAL PARAQUAT POISONING
Authors: Robertson Bengt , Grossmann Gertie , Ivemark Biörn
Published: August 2010

Rats were injected with paraquat, 35 mg/kg, and killed 8 or 12 hours later. Electron microscopic studies of the lungs revealed degenerative changes in alveolar epithelium and alveolar capillary endothelium after 8 hours. After 12 hours, the alveolar lining layer was contaminated with cellular debris from disintegrating alveolar epithelium. This contamination is probably responsible for the inactivation of lung surfactant that can be demonstrated in early stages of experimental paraquat poisoning.
CENTRAL PONTINE MYELINOLYSIS:
Authors: Sima Anders , Bradvik Björn
Published: August 2010

The first case of central pontine myelinolysis in Scandinavia is presented. A premortem diagnosis was established on the basis of the history of chronic alcoholism, the picture of severe electrolyte disturbance and the development of the neurological syndrome. The postmortem findings verified the clinical diagnosis. A possible aetiological mechanism is postulated. The cause is believed to be a damage to the energy dependent electrolyte transport across the cell membrane, resulting in a cytotoxic oedema and death of the oligodendroglial cells of the brainstem which are particularly vulnerable.
HEALING OF A CRUSH INJURY IN RAT STRIATED MUSCLE:
Authors: Järvinen Markku
Published: August 2010

Vascular ingrowth into the injured area of a partially crushed gastrocnemius muscle was studied by micro‐angiography 2 to 14 days after the trauma in 40 rats treated by mobilization or immobilization. In mobilized muscles, the sprouting of new capillaries occurred more rapidly and intensively than in injured muscles treated by immobilization. The sequence of events was found to be slightly delayed if mobilization was started after immobilization for two days. The speed and intensity of tissue repair, as studied histologically, was directly correlated with vascular ingrowth, especially during the first week.
HETEROGENEITY IN IN VITRO RESPONSE TO PROGESTERONE AND MELPHALAN OF MAMMARY TUMOURS INDUCED IN THE RAT BY 7,12‐DMBA
Authors: Aspegren Knut , Biörklund Anders , Tropé Claes
Published: August 2010

Five mammary tumours induced in rats by 7, 12‐DMBA were each divided into four sections, and studied as cell suspensions in vitro for response to melphalan or progesterone measured as H3‐thymidine incorporation. Heterogeneity towards melphalan and progesterone was found within all five tumours, but the mode of reaction of the two drugs differed. The biological relevance of these findings is discussed.
THYMOMA METASTASIZING TO EXTRATHORACIC SITES
Authors: Nickels Juha , Franssila Kaarle
Published: August 2010

In the case presented, metastases to extrathoracic sites developed in a 53‐year‐old man four years after the diagnosis of inoperable thymoma had been established. The appearance of metastases was preceded by an extensive intrathoracic invasion of the tumour. The thymoma was of epithelial subtype which was the most common (67 per cent) type also in the previously published 29 cases of thymomas metastasizing to extrathoracic sites.
MULTIPLE HIBERNOMAS OF THE HEART
Authors: Kindblom Lars‐Gunnar , Svensson Ulf
Published: August 2010

The autopsy findings of two intramyocardial infiltrating hibernomas situated in the right atrium of a 84‐year‐old woman are presented. The tumours might have contributed to the clinically observed sinus arrythmia, prolonged PQ‐interval and bundle branch block.
ASPIRATION BIOPSIES FROM DIAGNOSTICALLY DIFFICULT PULMONARY LESIONS
Authors: Francis Dorthe
Published: August 2010

A consecutive material of 244 cases of transthoracic aspiration biopsies collected in a two year period is presented. The biopsy method, the indications, and the contraindications are described. The sensitivity of the biopsy method concerning malignant tumour cells and suspected malignant tumour cells was 82.8 per cent, the specificity was 94.9 per cent. It is suggested that the biopsy method might be applied earlier in the sequence of preoperative diagnostic procedures.
THE DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF RUSSELL BODIES IN ENDOSCOPIC GASTRIC BIOPSIES
Authors: Johansen Aage , Sikjär Bente
Published: August 2010

The incidence of cells containing so‐called Russell bodies in 315 benign single gastric biopsies taken from stomachs with proven carcinoma, but outside the carcinomatous area and 786 biopsies taken from stomachs without carcinoma were compared. The Russell body containing cells were counted in a fixed area and on the basis of the counting each biopsy was classified in one of four groups: Russell body containing cells absent or present in a number of 1–5, 6–10 or more than 10 in the area. The results showed that endoscopic biopsy examinations containing one single benign biopsy with more than 5 Russell body containing cells in the counted area were significantly most common among examinations taken from stomachs with carcinoma. If half or more than half of the biopsies in an examination contained 1–5 Russell body containing cells significant differences were also found. The sensitivity of such examinations was low but their predictive values (PVpos) varied from 46 per cent to 95 per cent, meaning that such examinations may be of importance for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.
OCCURRENCE OF AMYLOIDOSIS SECONDARY TO THE INDUCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION IN MICE
Authors: Svendsen Ulrik Gerner
Published: August 2010

Following the induction of three different forms of experimental hypertension, deposits of amyloid were found in the spleens of 5–20 per cent of the mice late in the course of the hypertension. Amyloidosis was found in nude (with genetical aplasia of the thymus) as well as in haired (normal) mice. The highest frequency of amyloidosis was observed in mice with hypertension due to partial infarction of one kidney and contralateral nephrectomy. The hypertensive vascular disease, involving lesion of the vessels and of the organs supplied by the affected vessels, is believed to represent a stimulus for the reticulo endothelial system (RES) with development of amyloidosis as a secondary event.
PATHOLOGY OF THE ANAL GLANDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR MUCIN HISTOCHEMISTRY
Authors: Fenger C. , Filipe M. I.
Published: August 2010

The anal gland pathology comprises cystic anal glands (so‐called anal gland cyst hamartomas), anal gland carcinomas, and anal fistulas with or without carcinoma. The differential diagnosis of these conditions from other cysts and carcinomas of the anal region can be difficult. The authors have therefore compared conventional histology with mucin histochemistry in normal and pathological anal glands. In contrast to normal rectal mucosa the mucus of anal glands was characterized by strong PAS‐reactivity that was completely abolished after periodate borohydride saponification indicating scarcity or absence of O‐acylated sialic acids in the anal gland mucus. A pattern similar to this was found in one of two tumours classified histologically as anal gland carcinomas, in four of eight colloid carcinomas arising in preexisting fistulas, and in two cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the anal region. The results indicate that the method in some cases may be of value in differentiating between carcinomas arising in anal gland epithelium and in rectal mucosa. The cystic anal glands showed decreased secretion but no qualitative histochemical differences from anal glands. On the basis of the patients' histories it is suggested that the so‐called anal gland cyst hamartoma at least in some cases could be an inclusion cyst of anal glands on an inflammatory basis.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CIRCULATING MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH MYELOMATOSIS
Authors: Biberfeld Peter , Mellstedt Håkon , Pettersson Dagny
Published: August 2010

The ulstrastructure of blood mononuclear cells from two IgG myeloma patients was studied, and cells reacting with anti‐idiotypic serum and polyspecific anti‐Ig serum were characterized by immunoperoxidase techniques. Abnormal, mononuclear cells were present in the blood of both patients, which morphologically were classified as atypical small to medium‐sized lymphocytes, polymorphic immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts), predominantly of the lymphoplasmocytic type and atypical, plasmocytic cells or myeloma cells. Immunocytochemical observations showed that most of the abnormal cells, including atypical small to medium‐sized lymphocytes, reacted with anti‐idiotypic and polyspecific anti‐Ig serum. Periods of relapse and remission were correlated with an increase and decrease, respectively, of the number of abnormal cells and cells which reacted with anti‐idiotype and anti‐Ig serum. The observations indicate that circulating lymphoid cells are part of the myeloma clone.
IN VITRO ESTABLISHMENT AND SOME PROPERTIES OF AKR THYMOMA CELL LINES
Authors: Riesenfeld Inger , Tufveson Gunnar , Alm Gunnar V.
Published: August 2010

Lymphoid cell lines could easily be directly established in vitro from spontaneous thymomas of aged AKR mice. The established lines all carried the Thy‐1.1 antigenic marker of T lymphocytes. They differed markedly, however, from one another in several respects. Thus, they showed high or low quantity of Thy‐1.1 antigens per cell, high or low sensitivity to cortisone and thymidine, as well as differing morphology and growth rate. The observed heterogeneity suggests that such AKR thymoma cell lines may provide a valuable tool to study T lymphocyte properties and the biology of the AKR thymoma, in particular non‐immune and immune mechanisms influencing thymoma cell growth.
THE EFFECTS OF CHOLESTEROL/FAT FEEDING ON LIPID LEVELS AND MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURES IN LIVER, KIDNEY AND SPLEEN IN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Drevon Christian A. , Hovig Torstein
Published: August 2010

Guinea pigs were fed a semisynthetic diet containing 10 per cent (by weight) cottonseed oil with or without 1 per cent cholesterol. In the animals fed fat, the lipid levels and the morphology remained normal in all tissues studied. Concomitantly with a marked accumulation of cholesteryl ester (CE) in the liver, however, many microscopical changes occurred in guinea pigs fed cholesterol/fat. A prominent deposition of lipids in vacuoles, mostly without delimitating membranes, where observed at centrilobular sites. Multivacuolated, secondary lysosomes, membrane bound lipid vacuoles (lipolysosomes) and myelin figures were found both in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. Myelin figures and crystalline clefts were observed more often in Kupffer cells than in hepatocytes. The granular endoplasmic reticulum in the Kupffer cells was grossly dilated and filled with an amorphous material. Both the biochemical and the morphological findings in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells are very similar to those observed in cholesteryl ester storage disease and in Wolman's disease. These two lipid storage diseases are both related to deficiency of an acid lipase in the liver. Measurement of the acid liver CE hydrolase in guinea pigs fed fat and in those fed cholesterol/fat showed similar activity. A relative deficiency of this enzyme activity could be the reason for the development of the enormous CE storage in guinea pig livers. These findings suggest that guinea pigs fed cholesterol/fat, in some respects, can be used as a model for Wolman's disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease. We did not find any microscopical changes in the kidneys from animals fed cholesterol/fat, thus indicating that the experimental condition it not useful as a model for studies of the kidney changes in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency.
DEMONSTRATION OF HORMONAL SENSITIVITY IN GYNAECOMASTIC TISSUE BY THYMIDINE INCORPORATION IN VITRO
Authors: Poulsen H. Skovgaard
Published: August 2010

Gynaecomastic tissue from six patients were tested for oestrogen and testosterone sensitivity as measured by thymidine incorporation in tissue fragments in vitro. The DNA synthesis of the cultures was increased in tissue from five out of the six patients under the influence of oestrogen, whereas it was increased in tissue from only one patient under the influence of testosterone. The results are discussed in relation to the medical histories of the patients and hormonal excretion studies done by others.
EPITHELIAL MUCOSUBSTANCES AND ARGYROPHIL CELLS IN BRENNER TUMOURS
Authors: Klemi Pekka J.
Published: August 2010

Brenner tumours of various degree of malignancy were investigated by histochemical methods. The cells lining the cystic cavities in the benign Brenner tumours contained various amounts of PAS‐positive, diastase resistant secretory material mixed with small amounts of sulpho‐ and carboxymucin. The borderline and malignant tumours contained more acidic mucins than the benign tumours. All tumours contained glycogen. Argyrophil and argentaffin cells have not earlier been detected in the Brenner tumours but in this study they were detected in twelve of the 18 Brenner tumours. These cells were not proliferating and therefore Brenner tumour should not be included in the group of APUDomas.
CLINICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL FEATURES OF A POSSIBLY VIRUS‐INDUCED ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA
Authors: Fejerskov O. , Roed‐Petersen B. , Pindborg J. J.
Published: August 2010

Two male patients with oral leukoplakias exhibiting a peculiar type of apparent dysplastic changes have been followed for 4 and 6 years, and a series of biopsies have been examined by light and electron microscopy. The apparent lack of normal epithelial stratification below the keratinized cell layers was mainly caused by the frequent appearance of large ballooned cells and multinuclear giant cells. The centre of the large ballooned cells contained aggregations of chromatin and evenly‐dispersed microtubulus surrounded by a thick rim of tonofibril bundles. In the peripheral cytoplasm large numbers of smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum were found, but no Golgi apparatus was observed. In addition, several autophagocytic bodies were recorded. Along the cell membrane only a few desmosomes were present, whereas aggregations of digested desmosomes were found in the cytoplasm. On the basis of the ultrastructural findings, it is suggested that the large ballooned cells represent epithelial cells arrested in early stages of mitotic division. The epithelial cells in interphase exhibited a normal ultrastructure except for large nucleoli with varying degrees of condensation of nucleolonema and vacuolization. Further, atypical dense granular aggregations and strands of fine fibrillar material were recorded in the nuclei. It is suggested that this new type of oral leukoplakia has a viral etiology.
Solitary Dural Plasmacytoma
Authors: Gad Adel , Willén Roger , Willén Helena , Gö;thman Lars
Published: August 2010

Only four of the nine published cases of solitary, extraskeletal, intracranial plasmacytoma are considered authentic. In this report we describe an accidentally discovered dural plasmacytoma and draw the attention to this rare lesion which might have a different prognosis from the rather benign course of meningioma with which it is confused.
Carcinoma of The Uterine Cervix and Dysplasia in Greenland
Authors: Nielsen Nils HØjgaard , Mikkelsen Flemming , Hansen Jens Peder Hart
Published: August 2010

A preliminary study, based on officially recorded cases of cervical carcinoma, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ in Greenlandic women over the period 1955–1975 revealed a total of 117 cases of carcinoma and 119 cases of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. The incidence of invasive carcinoma, age‐adjusted to “European standard population” (Doll 1976), exhibited a rise from 20.9 per 100,000 in 1955–1959 to 84.8 in 1970–1975. The latter incidence rate is one of the highest in the world, and about 2.5 times as high as the most recently recorded incidence in Denmark. Age‐specific incidence rates for cervical carcinoma in Greenland for 1970–1975 showed significantly higher values in the age groups 15–49 and 60–64 years as compared with the most recent Danish rates. The crude incidence of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ per 100,000 women over 15 years of age rose from 10.5 for 1955–1959 to 137.5 for 1970–1975. The corresponding incidence for severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ was 93.7 for 1970–1975. There has most likely been a more complete registration of these initial stages during recent years, although organized detection work has not been initiated.
Morphometric and Dynamic Studies of Bone Changes in Hypothyroidism
Authors: Mosekilde Leif , Melsen Flemming
Published: August 2010

Mosekilde, L. & Melsen, F. Morphometric and dynamic studies of bone changes in hypothyroidism. Acta path. microbiol. scand. Sect. A, 86: 56–62, 1978.

Bone biopsies were performed after tetracycline double‐labelling by transfixing the right iliac crest in fourteen hypothyroid patients. The bone changes in cortical and trabecular bone were determined by simple measurement and point counting on decalcified and undecalcified stained sections and compared to normal controls and to sex and age matched hyperthyroid patients. The amount of trabecular bone and the cortical porosity were unchanged in the hypothyroid patients compared to normal controls, whereas the mean cortical thickness was increased. The amount of osteoid and the length of the osteoid seams were normal, whereas the mean width of the osteoid seams was decreased. The linear calcification rate in cancellous bone was decreased, as were the active calcification surfaces (tetracycline‐labelled) and the percentage of osteoid covered surfaces active in mineralization. The osteoclastic resorption surfaces were unchanged in trabecular bone, whereas the osteoclastic activity in cortical bone was decreased. The osteocytic osteolysis was normal. The bone changes in hypothyroidism were opposite to the changes in hyperthyroidism characterized by a very low bone turn‐over with a reduced osteoid apposition and bone mineralization rate, an inactive osteoclastic resorption in trabecular bone and a decreased osteoclastic resorption in cortical bone.
Histomorphometric Analysis of Normal Bone From the Iliac Crest
Authors: Melsen F. , Melsen B. , Mosekilde L. , Bergmann S.
Published: August 2010

Bone specimens from a standardized area of the iliac crest were obtained at autopsy in 105 individuals after sudden unexpected death and at biopsy in 30 living volunteers. Seven micron thick sections of the plastic embedded undecalcified material were produced and stained. The amount of cancellous and cortical bone and the parameters attached to description of bone remodelling were determined by point counting and simple measurements, in order to establish normal mean values and range in a Danish population. A decrease in the amount of bone, trabecular as well as cortical, was found with increasing age in both males and females. The extent, volume and width of osteoid seams and the osteoclastic resorption were found to be age‐independent. The osteoclastic resorption in cortical bone in males decreased, however, with increasing age. The reported values are of the greatest importance for the use of histomorphometric analysis of bone biopsies as a diagnostic tool in metabolic bone diseases. It is stressed, however, that supplementary information of the dynamic aspects of the bone remodelling would be necessary for the understanding of the pathogenesis of bone changes. Such information might be obtained by using tetracycline double labelling.
Biliary Hamartomas (von Meyenburg Complexes) In Liver Needle Biopsies
Authors: Thommesen Niels
Published: August 2010

2000 consecutive liver needle biopsies were examined for the occurrence of biliary hamartomas (von Meyenburg complexes, microhamartomas). In 12 biopsies (corresponding to 0.6 per cent) a total of 15 hamartomas were found as 2 biopsies contained 2 and 3 hamartomas, respectively. The incidence, morphology, location and differential diagnosis are discussed. In serial sections a communication between all the lumina in each hamartoma was found. In no case the diagnosis of biliary adenoma, congenital hepatic fibrosis or polycystic liver could be made. The hamartomas are of no clinical importance.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Neoplastic Neurogenic Rat Cell Lines in Culture
Authors: Haugen Åge , Lærum Ole Didrik
Published: August 2010

The surface structure of a series of malignant neurogenic rat cell lines in culture has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Neoplastic transformation was induced by a single transplacental administration of the carcinogen ethylnitrosourea (ENU) to BD‐IX rats on the 18th day of gestation. The malignant cell lines were established either by explantation into culture of cells from solid gliomas or neurinomas developed in the offspring, or by transfer of fetal brain cells to culture where they subsequently underwent malignant transformation. A high degree of surface activity was observed, as evidenced by microvilli, filopodia, ruffling membranes and zeiotic blebs. Surface activity was highest in cell cultures giving rise to glioma‐like tumours upon re‐implantation into syngeneic hosts, and low in those giving rise to neurinoma‐like tumours, with one exception. The lowest surface activity was seen in a cell line which was not tumourigenic. High surface activity was mostly correlated with a high degree of aneuploidy. No correlation was apparent with other properties of the neoplastic cell lines, e.g., stem line ploidy and population doubling time in cell culture.
Effect of Long‐Term Administration of Various Alcoholic Beverages on the In Vitro Incorporation of 3H‐Leucine Into Proteins in Rat Cerebral Cortex, Cerebellum and Liver
Authors: Jarlstedt Jan , Jordö Lars , Olsson Rolf
Published: August 2010

The incorporation of H3 ‐ leucine into protein from anterior and posterior cerebellum, cerebral cortex and liver was studied in rats given 50% of calories as ethanol, brandy, whisky, gin, red wine or isocaloric amounts of glucose together with diets with moderate or low protein‐vitamin content for 8–9 months. Higher incorporation rates were usually observed with higher protein‐vitamin administration. Red wine and brandy rats usually had the highest, ethanol and gin rats usually the lowest incorporation rates. The incorporation rate thus increased with amount of congeners present.
Absence of Association Between Oestrogen‐Receptor Content and in Vitro Oestrogen Sensitivity in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Poulsen H. Skovgaard
Published: August 2010

Breast‐cancer tissue from 25 consecutive patients was investigated for oestrogen receptor content and for oestrogen‐induced changes in tritiated thymidine uptake by explanted cells. A higher oestrogen receptor content was not associated with any statistically significant increase in oestrogen sensitivity. Neither the dissociation constants (Kd values), nor the oestrogen binding capacity (f mol oestrogen bound/mg supernatant protein) was found to be associated with in vitro oestrogen sensitivity. One receptor‐negative tumour showed oestrogen sensitivity in vitro.
Renal Sequelae To Nephropathia Epidemica
Authors: Lähdevirta J. , Collan Y. , Jokinen E. J. , Hiltunen R.
Published: August 2010

Clinical data and renal biopsy findings were studied in 9 patients 4–5 years after the acute phase of Nephropathia epidemica. Laboratory data suggested slightly depressed tubular function, but glomerular function was normal. Light microscopy of renal biopsy specimens showed slight residual interstitial fibrosis and occasionally atrophic tubuli, tubular casts, increased number of hyalinized glomeruli, and minor changes in other glomeruli. Two specimens showed fibrotic scars in the cortex. Electron microscopy revealed degenerative changes in the glomeruli, arterioles and tubules. The immunohistochemical study showed no fixed immunoglobulins in the kidney. The study shows that practically complete and lasting clinical recovery follows the acute phase of Nephropathia epidemica and that the disease does not leave diagnostic structural changes in the kidneys.
Primary Amyloidosis of The Ureter Simulating Malignancy
Authors: Willén Helena
Published: August 2010

A 61‐year old woman with 7 years' history of pain, infections and haematuria developed right ureter stenosis which was suspected of being a tumour. Microscopic examination of the ureter with stenosis showed primary amyloidosis. Although primary amyloidosis of the ureter is rare, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of ureter malignancy.
Transthoracic Aspiration Biopsy
Authors: Francis Dorthe
Published: August 2010

In an earlier paper concerning classification of aspirated May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa stained malignant tumour cells from lung lesions, we found the sensitivity to be 80–95 per cent for adenocarcinomas, undifferentiated carcinomas and small cell carcinomas. For epidermoid carcinomas the sensitivity was only 64 per cent. It was therefore found of interest to see if a registration of the non‐neoplastic cells could be an aid in the cytological tumour cell classification. An analysis has been performed of the distribution of the non‐neoplastic cells in 71 aspiration biopsies from six different types of malignant lung tumours. A variegated population of many and different types of inflammatory cells, mast cells and alveolar epithelial cells was a characteristic finding in biopsies from neoplasms with an epidermoid differentiotion.
Histochemical Enzyme Activity Correlated to the Structural Segmentation of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule in Salt‐Depleted and Salt‐Loaded Rat Kidneys
Authors: NØrgaard Tove
Published: August 2010

In salt‐depleted and salt‐loaded rat kidneys a study was made of the structural segmentation of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the histochemical activity of non‐specific acid and alkaline phosphatases and succinate dehydrogenase in the same segments. No quantitative structural or segmental alterations were observed, but significant changes in enzyme activity occured. These comprised: 1) A decrease in activity of acid phosphatase in segment 1 and the transitional zone in salt‐depleted kidneys, and an increase in enzyme activity in segment 2 in salt‐loaded kidneys, 2) a decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity in segment 2 in both salt‐depleted and salt‐loaded kidneys and 3) a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity in segment 2 in salt‐depleted kidneys, and an increase in activity in the same segment in salt‐loaded kidneys. Thus long‐term variation in sodium intake are followed by segment‐correlated variations in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase in the PCT.