bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of environmental education on sense of place among urban youth
Authors: Kudryavtsev Alex , Krasny Marianne E. , Stedman Richard C.
Published: April 2012

Research suggests that an ecologically informed sense of place, including strong place attachment and ecological place meaning, contributes to pro‐environmental behaviors. Yet it is unclear whether an intervention such as environmental education can intentionally influence sense of place, especially in cities. To investigate the impact of urban environmental education programs on sense of place, we used pre/post surveys of youth in 5‐week environmental and non‐environmental summer youth programs in the Bronx, New York City, in 2010. Results show that urban environmental education programs—which engaged urban high school students in environmental stewardship, recreation, environmental skills development, and environmental monitoring in the Bronx—were successful in nurturing ecological place meaning, but did not strengthen students' place attachment. No significant changes in place attachment or place meaning were observed after non‐environmental, control programs.
The dynamics of faecal indicator organisms in a temperate river during storm conditions
Authors: Nnane Daniel Ekane , Ebdon James , Taylor Huw
Published: April 2012

Greater incidence of storm events, which can lead to greater contamination of surface waters by human and animal faeces, are a predicted feature of climate change in parts of Europe and elsewhere. The aim of this study was to combine the use of a novel quantitative microbial source tracking (QMST) method with established water quality monitoring procedures during an intense summer storm event in a rural UK river catchment, to establish dominant sources of faecal pollution. One-litre grab samples of river water were collected every 12 h for a period of seven days from three sampling sites on the Bevern Stream (a tributary of the Sussex Ouse). All samples were tested for a range of chemophysical and bacteriological parameters, and also for phage-lysis of a human specific strain of Bacteroides spp. GB-124. Presumptive levels of Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci were statistically significantly (p-value < 0.05) higher during the storm event, compared with dry weather conditions. Low recorded levels of phages of Bacteroides GB-124 during the storm event, compared with dry weather conditions, support the hypothesis that the predominant sources of faecal material in the river during the storm event were non-human. Using traditional faecal indicator bacteria and a QMST marker during storm events may improve human health protection protocols.
Scientific paper zircon-based coating for the applications in Lost Foam casting process
Authors: Prstic Aurel , Acimovic-Pavlovic Zagorka , Andric Ljubisa , Stojanovic Jovica , Terzic Anja
Published: April 2012

In this work, a possibility to develop a new zircon-based refractory coating
for casting applications was investigated. Optimization of the coating
composition with controlled rheological properties was attained by
application of different coating components, particularly by application of a
new suspension agent and by alteration of coating production procedure.
Zircon powder with particle size of 25x10-6 m was used as filler. The zircon
sample was investigated by means of the following methods: X-ray diffraction
analysis, diffraction thermal analysis and polarized microscope. The shape
and grain size were analyzed by means of the PC program package OZARIA 2.5.
It was shown that application of this type of water-alcohol-based coating had
a positive influence on surface quality, structural and mechanical properties
of the castings of cast iron obtained by pouring into sand molds by means of
the expandable patterns method (Lost Foam casting process).
Development and validation of stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for determination of Olmesartan medoxomile in pharmaceutical dosage form and identification, characterization of alkaline degradation impurity of Olmesartan medoxomile drug substance as well as drug product
Authors: Jain P.S. , Chaudhari A.J. , Surana S.J.
Published: April 2012

Olmesartan Medoxomil (OLME) belongs to a group of angiotensin II receptor
blockers used as an antihypertensive agent and is currently being used for
prevention of Hypertension. This paper describes the Validation and
development of stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the determination of
OLME in the presence of its degradation products generated from forced
degradation study and characterization of degradation product (impurity). The
assay involved gradient elution of OLME on An LC GC BDS C18 column (250 ?
4.5mm, 5-?m particle size) was employed for loading the sample. The mobile
phase A consists of 7 ml Triethylamine in 1000 ml water (pH adjusted to 3.0
with orthophosphoric acid) and B contains acetonitrile. Quantification was
achieved with photodiode array detection at 257 nm. The chromatographic
separation was obtained with a retention time of 6.72 min, and the method was
linear in the range 50-150 ?g/ml. The method was validated according to the
ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of
detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), specificity and robustness.
Impurity found in stressed and stability studies of Olmesartan Medoxomil in
both drug substance and drug product are described. This degradation product
is identified as 1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. An
Alkaline degradation pathway of Olmesartan medoxomil, for the formation of
this degradation product, has been proposed and degradation product was
characterized.
Preconditions for new environmental governance in Serbia
Authors: Petrovic Mina
Published: April 2012

The preconditions for new environmental governance in Serbia, which should be
developing with country's accession to EU, are the object of analysis.
Relying on regime theory, the paper is focused on the role of state and civil
society actors. The analysis is informed by two empirical researches.
Firstly, the concept of new governance regime is described as well as
different types of civic activism: participative and transactional. Secondly,
the legislative and institutional preconditions as well as action capacities
of state and civil society actors are analyzed. The concluding part
summarizes the basic findings and emphasizes the obstacles to new
environmental governance in Serbia: close political opportunities,
authoritarian legacy and prevalence of traditional command and control
approaches, lacking of important resources for cooperative action, no
tradition of institutionalized state-society relations, etc.
Reaction of aniline with ammonium persulphate and concentrated hydrochloric acid: Experimental and DFT studies
Authors: Przybyłek Maciej , Gaca Jerzy
Published: April 2012

In this paper, the reaction of aniline with ammonium persulphate and concentrated HCl was studied. As a result of our experimental studies, 2,4,6-trichlorophenylamine was identified as the main product. This shows that a high concentration of HCl does not favour oxidative polymerisation of phenylamine, even though the ammonium persulphate/HCl system is widely used in polyaniline synthesis. On the basis of the experimental data and density functional theory for reaction path modelling, we proposed a mechanism for oxidative chlorination of aniline. We assumed that this reaction proceeded in three cyclically repeated steps; protonation of aniline, formation of singlet ground state phenylnitrenium cation, and nucleophilic substitution. In order to confirm this mechanism, kinetic, thermochemical, and natural bond orbital population analyses were performed.
Neural network model predictive control of a styrene polymerization plant: online testing using an electronic worksheet
Authors: Santos Brunno , Leite Manuela , Silva Flávio , Fileti Ana
Published: April 2012

The batch styrene polymerization process presents transient and nonlinear temperature behavior. In this work, manual control and open loop experiments were carried out in order to build a process knowledge database. Initially, a cascade feedback control loop was implemented by manipulating the thyristor unit of the electrical heater in the thermal fluid tank. Aiming at the MPC development, algebraic equations of a neural network and its adjusted parameters were implemented in an electronic worksheet. Every five seconds, the worksheet was updated with measurements (reactor temperature, thermal fluid temperature and thyristor position) by means of the OLE for the Process Control protocol (OPC). The one-step-ahead temperature prediction was then employed in the objective function of the worksheet solver which used Visual Basic Applications programming. The manipulated variable action was then calculated and sent to the process. A hybrid controller (cascade feedback and MPC) outperformed the pure strategies since the time-integral performance indexes, IAE and ITAE, were reduced by around 22 % and 32 %, respectively. Methodology for the Model Predictive Control presented in this study was considered feasible because the solver of Microsoft Office Excel (2007) is very friendly, easy to understand and ready to implement using VBA.
Incorporation of β-(1,6)-linked glucooligosaccharides (pustulooligosaccharides) into plant cell wall structures
Authors: Zemková Zuzana , Garajová Soňa , Flodrová Dana , Řehulka Pavel , Zelko Ivan , Vadkertiová Renáta , Farkaš Vladimír , Stratilová Eva
Published: April 2012

Protein extract of germinating nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) seeds containing xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase, EC 2.4.1.207, abbreviated XET) exhibited the heterotransglycosylating activity with donor/acceptor substrate pair xyloglucan/sulphorhodamine labelled pustulooligosaccharides (XG/PUOS-SR) in a dot blot assay. The heterotransglycosylating activity was confirmed by the substrate-product changes during transglycosylation by HPLC size-exclusion chromatography. Another donor substrate capable of being coupled with PUOS-SR was cellulose, probably owing to its structural similarity to xyloglucan. Surprisingly, microscopic comparison of the incorporation of the labelled xyloglucan nonasaccharide XGO9-SR (specific substrate for XET) and PUOS-SR into the cell wall structures clearly showed differences in their binding to specific cell structures: the primary cell wall and the plasma membrane. These findings indicate the existence in nasturtium of XETs with different localisation, substrate specificity and, probably, function.
Effects of elicitors on the enhancement of asiaticoside biosynthesis in cell cultures of centella (Centella asiatica L. Urban)
Authors: Loc Nguyen , Giang Nguyen
Published: April 2012

In this work, the effects of elicitor concentration and elicitation day on the growth and asiaticoside production of centella cells were investigated. The results showed that 2-hydroxybenzoic acid from 50–200 μM and yeast extract from 2–5 g L−1 had different eliciting influences. The addition of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and yeast extract to the cultures strongly enhanced asiaticoside production in centella cells. The increase in asiaticoside content induced by the addition of 100 μM of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4 g L−1 of yeast extract at day 10 of inoculation was about 5- and 3.5-fold, respectively, as compared with that of the reference cells. In general, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (abiotic elicitor) was more effective in enhancing asiaticoside biosynthesis than yeast extract (biotic elicitor).
Determination of sulphur species in solidified cryolite melts
Authors: Ambrová Marta , Jurišová Jana , Fellner Pavel , Thonstad Jomar
Published: April 2012

Solidified cryolite melts containing a known amount of Na2SO4 (0–713 mg kg−1 SO42−), Na2S, FeS, and CdS (0–400 mg kg−1 S2−) together with industrial electrolyte samples were tested for the content of sulphate and sulphide ions by ion chromatography. Added and analytically determined contents of sulphate and sulphide were compared and processed by means of linear regression analysis. It was found that the method of ion chromatography yields satisfying results (uncertainty below 1.1 %) and that it is especially suitable for the determination of low content of soluble sulphate or sulphide in solidified cryolite electrolytes. The method can be used for the estimation of insoluble sulphide content in cryolite melts as well. Results of industrial samples analysis showed that the content of sulphate and sulphide in the samples is influenced by their treatment before the analysis.
Adverse effects of antioxidative vitamins
Authors: Rutkowski Maciej , Grzegorczyk Krzysztof
Published: April 2012

High doses of synthetic antioxidative vitamins: A, E, C and β-carotene are often used on long-term basis in numerous preventive and therapeutic medical applications. Instead of expected health effects, the use of those vitamins may however lead to cases of hypervitaminosis and even to intoxication. The article points out main principles of safety which are to be observed during supplementation with antioxidative vitamins. Toxic effects resulting from erroneous administration of high doses of those substances on organs and systems of the organism are also discussed. Attention is drawn to interactions of antioxidative vitamins with concomitantly used drugs, as well as intensification of adverse effects caused by various exogenous chemical factors. Moreover, the article presents the evaluation of supplementation with these vitamins, which was performed in large studies.
The effect of hydrological connectivity on water beetles fauna in water bodies within the floodplain of a lowland river (Neman river, Belarus)
Authors: Pakulnicka Joanna , Nowakowski Jacek
Published: April 2012

The middle course of the Neman River is the habitat of 120 water beetle species. Water beetles were most abundant in the Neman River, its major tributaries and oxbow lakes. They consisted of four synecological groups: rheobiontic and rheophilic organisms, type “a” and “b” stagnobionts. The diverse types of aquatic environments constitute faunal centers which, in addition to the specific and dominant Coleopteran populations, also feature migrational elements. The presence of close relations between the fauna of different environments indicates that they form a single, faunistically integrated hydrological system.
Mercury distribution in muscles and internal organs of the juvenile and adult Baltic cod (Gadus morrhua callarias Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Kwaśniak Justyna , Falkowska Lucyna
Published: April 2012

Cod (Gadus marrhua L), a fish caught in the Baltic Sea, is very popular with consumers. Research on the distribution of mercury in cod tissues and organs was conducted on a group of adult (27) and juvenile (49) individuals in the years 2006–09. Total mercury concentration values in mature cod were always, on average, 1.7 times higher than those in juveniles. The highest HgT concentrations were found in the heart, while the lowest ones were found in the gills and gonads. The essential age-specific differences manifest in a relationship between the mercury concentration in fish muscles and brain. Mature individuals, i.e. of length >80 cm, accumulated Hg in muscles, most likely in an attempt to protect the nervous system from toxic exposure. In young individuals, more mercury was concentrated in the brain than in the muscles.. The distribution of HgT in organs as well as the low value of the [HgT]liver/[HgT]muscle ratio testify to relatively low-level mercury contamination in southern Baltic waters.
Fear and Avoidance of Movement in People with Chronic Pain: Psychometric Properties of the 11-Item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11)
Authors: Hapidou Eleni G. , O'Brien Mary Ann , Pierrynowski Michael Raymond , de las Heras Eugenio , Patel Madri , Patla Tasneem
Published: April 2012

Purpose: To determine the psychometric properties of the 11-item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) in patients with heterogeneous chronic pain. Methods: The study evaluated test–retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient), cross-sectional convergent construct validity (Pearson product–moment correlation between TSK-11 and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale [PCS] scores at admission), and sensitivity to change of the TSK-11 (area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve) in patients (n=74) with heterogeneous chronic pain. We used two data sets (retrospective, n=56; prospective, n=18). All patients attended the 4-week interdisciplinary chronic pain management programme at Chedoke Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario. Results: The test–retest reliability of the TSK-11 was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.58–0.93), the standard error of measurement was 2.41 (90% CI, 1.47–2.49), and the minimal detectible change score was 5.6. The correlation between TSK-11 and PCS at admission was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.43–0.73). The area under the ROC curve was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.57–0.88). Conclusions: The study results provide evidence for the test–retest reliability, cross-sectional convergent construct validity, and sensitivity to change of the TSK-11 in a population with heterogeneous chronic pain.
Synthesis of Some New Fluorinated Hexahydroquinoline and Acridinedione Derivatives in Trifluoroethanol
Authors: Okoro Cosmas O. , Ogunwale Mumiye A. , Siddiquee Tasneem
Published: April 2012

This article describes one-pot synthesis of new fluorinated hexahydroquinoline derivatives via unsymmetric Hantzsch reaction involving 5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione, aldehydes, acetoacetate ester, and ammonium acetate in trifluoroethanol (TFE). The reaction is simple and rapid with high yield.
Portfolio Value at Risk Estimate for Crude Oil Markets: A Multivariate Wavelet Denoising Approach
Authors: He Kaijian , Lai Kin Keung , Xiang Guocheng
Published: April 2012

In the increasingly globalized economy these days, the major crude oil markets worldwide are seeing higher level of integration, which results in higher level of dependency and transmission of risks among different markets. Thus the risk of the typical multi-asset crude oil portfolio is influenced by dynamic correlation among different assets, which has both normal and transient behaviors. This paper proposes a novel multivariate wavelet denoising based approach for estimating Portfolio Value at Risk (PVaR). The multivariate wavelet analysis is introduced to analyze the multi-scale behaviors of the correlation among different markets and the portfolio volatility behavior in the higher dimensional time scale domain. The heterogeneous data and noise behavior are addressed in the proposed multi-scale denoising based PVaR estimation algorithm, which also incorporatesthe mainstream time series to address other well known data features such as autocorrelation and volatility clustering. Empirical studies suggest that the proposed algorithm outperforms the benchmark ExponentialWeighted Moving Average (EWMA) and DCC-GARCH model, in terms of conventional performance evaluation criteria for the model reliability.
Stump and Root Biomass of Poplar Stands
Authors: Johansson Tord , Hjelm Birger
Published: April 2012

Today there is an increasing demand for biomass for use in energy production. In this study we investigated stumps and roots from six poplar (Populus sp.) stands growing on former farmland in Sweden, situated between latitudes 55 and 60°N. The mean age of the poplar was 20 years (range 16–23), the mean stand density 1151 stems ha−1 (range 361–3279), and the mean diameter at breast height (over bark) 288 mm (range 81–574). All poplar stands were on clay soils (light and medium clay and light clay tills).The mean dry mass weight of the 72 excavated stumps was 45 ± 39 kg (range 1–185), with the roots ≥ 50 mm weighing 14 ± 16 kg (range 0.2–87). Dry mean stump weight represented 21% (by dry weight) of the stem. The mean total dry weight per hectare for stumps amounted to 34.9 ± 21.8 (range 12.9–66.9) tons and the equivalent value for roots was 12.0 ± 9.6 (range 4.7–10.9) tons. The excavation of below-ground biomass can either focus on the stump or the stump and parts of the root system. Depending on the combination of soil type and soil moisture the weight of soil adhering to stumps and the cleaning requirements will vary.
Study of Drug Metabolism by Xanthine Oxidase
Authors: Zhao Jing , He Xiaolin , Yang Nana , Sun Lizhou , Li Genxi
Published: April 2012

In this work, we report the studies of drug metabolism by xanthine oxidase (XOD) with electrochemical techniques. Firstly, a pair of stable, well-defined and quasi-reversible oxidation/reduction peaks is obtained with the formal potential at −413.1 mV (vs. SCE) after embedding XOD in salmon sperm DNA membrane on the surface of pyrolytic graphite electrode. Then, a new steady peak can be observed at −730 mV (vs. SCE) upon the addition of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) to the electrochemical system, indicating the metabolism of 6-MP by XOD. Furthermore, the chronoamperometric response shows that the current of the catalytic peak located at −730 mV increases with addition of 6-MP in a concentration-dependent manner, and the increase of the chronoamperometric current can be inhibited by an XOD inhibitor, quercetin. Therefore, our results prove that XOD/DNA modified electrode can be efficiently used to study the metabolism of 6-MP, which may provide a convenient approach for in vitro studies on enzyme-catalyzed drug metabolism.
Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Peptides for Specific Affinity Aggregation Assays of Estrogen Receptors and Their Agonists
Authors: Takatsuji Yoshiyuki , Ikeno Shinya , Haruyama Tetsuya
Published: April 2012

Nuclear receptors regulate the transcription of genes and various functions such as development, differentiation, homeostasis, and behavior by formation of complexes with ligand and co-activator. Recent findings have shown that agonists of a ligand may have a toxic effect on cellular/tissular function through improper activation of nuclear receptors. In this study, a simple assay system of hetero-complexes of three different molecules (estrogen receptor, ligand, and co-activator peptide) has been developed. This assay system employs functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs: 15 nm in diameter). The surfaces of the GNPs were modified by a 12- or 20-amino-acid peptide that contains the sequence of co-activator for activating nuclear receptor by an agonist ligand. Owing to the affinity of the peptide, the functionalized GNPs aggregate faster when the nuclear receptor and the agonist ligand are also present. The aggregation of GNPs can be identified by shifts in adsorption spectrum, which give information about the specificity of agonist ligands. Similarly, this spectrum shift can measure concentration of known agonist ligand. This simple agonist screening will be employed as high through-put analysis (HTA) in the discovery of drugs that act through nuclear receptors.
Endogenous Bioactive Peptides as Potential Biomarkers for Atherosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Watanabe Takuya , Sato Kengo , Itoh Fumiko , Wakabayashi Kohei , Shichiri Masayoshi , Hirano Tsutomu
Published: April 2012

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with high medical costs and rates of disability. It is therefore important to evaluate the use of cardiovascular biomarkers in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). We have screened a variety of recently identified bioactive peptides candidates in anticipation that they would allow detection of atherosclerotic CAD. Especially, we have focused on novel anti-atherogenic peptides as indicators and negative risk factors for CAD. In vitro, in vivo and clinical studies indicated that human adiponectin, heregulin-β1, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and salusin-α, peptides of 244, 71, 30, and 28 amino acids, respectively, attenuate the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions by suppressing macrophage foam cell formation via down-regulation of acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1. Circulating levels of these peptides in the blood are significantly decreased in patients with CAD compared to patients without CAD. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed that salusin-α is a more useful biomarker, with better sensitivity and specificity, compared with the others for detecting CAD. Therefore, salusin-α, heregulin-β1, adiponectin, and/or GLP-1, alone or in various combinations, may be useful as biomarkers for atherosclerotic CAD.
Visualizing Sweetness: Increasingly Diverse Applications for Fluorescent-Tagged Glucose Bioprobes and Their Recent Structural Modifications
Authors: Kim Woong Hee , Lee Jinho , Jung Da-Woon , Williams Darren R.
Published: April 2012

Glucose homeostasis is a fundamental aspect of life and its dysregulation is associated with important diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. Traditionally, glucose radioisotopes have been used to monitor glucose utilization in biological systems. Fluorescent-tagged glucose analogues were initially developed in the 1980s, but it is only in the past decade that their use as a glucose sensor has increased significantly. These analogues were developed for monitoring glucose uptake in blood cells, but their recent applications include tracking glucose uptake by tumor cells and imaging brain cell metabolism. This review outlines the development of fluorescent-tagged glucose analogues, describes their recent structural modifications and discusses their increasingly diverse biological applications.
Configurations familiales d'hier et d'aujourd'hui
Authors: Lucarelli Daniela , Tavazza Gabriela
Published: April 2012

Résumé Ce travail se concentre sur les changements familiaux et sur la manière dont ceux-ci se reflètent sur les relations interpersonnelles et produisent des transformations dans les vicissitudes fantasmatiques qui caractérisent la vie mentale individuelle, familiale et de couple. Ces nouvelles configurations, que l’on appelle souvent dans le langage courant « nouvelles familles », nous proposent des fonctions différentes sur le plan tant parental que filial. Dans la psychothérapie psychanalytique de couple, on est de plus en plus souvent confronté à des situations de deuxième union. Dans les nouvelles familles, les deux partenaires portent en eux un travail pénible qui se rapporte au lien précédent. En tant que cliniciennes, nous nous interrogeons sur la manière dont les liens se défont et se refont (sont « déliés » et « reliés ») dans ces nouvelles constellations relationnelles. Le matériel clinique présenté met en lumière ces problématiques.
Moments de souffrance psychique chez le couple en thérapie
Authors: Bianchini Barbara , Capello Marina , Dallanegra Laura , Monguzzi Fabio , Vitalini Lidia
Published: April 2012

Résumé La reconnaissance et le respect de la souffrance psychique individuelle et de celle produite dans la relation de couple par la collusion se dessinent comme les moments premiers et significatifs de notre pratique thérapeutique. Par le biais de cette reconnaissance, le thérapeute se propose comme un nouveau contenant psychique permettant que des identifications projectives soient progressivement mobilisées et redistribuées, avec pour effet des micro-transformations qui au cours du processus thérapeutique permettent de frayer un nouveau chemin pour chaque partenaire. À travers différentes vignettes cliniques, sont mises en évidence les phases les plus significatives du processus thérapeutique visant à rétablir une fonction contenante de la souffrance aussi bien en termes individuels que dans le lien de couple.
La folie à deux : hypothèse modèle dans la pathologie trans-personnelle
Authors: Nicolò Anna Maria , Loncan Anne
Published: April 2012

Résumé À l’aide de la métaphore de Freud de la plaque sensible qui rend visible la partie terminale du spectre, l’auteur suggère que des aspects complémentaires de deux personnalités, entrant en résonance mutuelle, déclenchent une influence réciproque d’affects ou de parties du self qui sans cela seraient restés silencieux. L’intérêt en est principalement de mettre en relief des aspects nouveaux qui ont toujours appartenu à la personne. Ce processus, dans des cas extrêmes, submerge ce qui jusque-là avait constitué l’identité du sujet, pour lui-même comme pour les autres. La folie à deux se situe à l’extrémité pathologique du spectre, mais peut être considérée comme un modèle universel d’un fonctionnement bi-personnel où le lien est prépondérant. Dans ce cas, le lien lui-même peut activer et induire en chacune des personnalités des aspects particuliers quand elles interagissent. Un lien est un objet tiers co-construit par deux ou plusieurs membres interdépendants d’une famille. Cette co-construction est partagée inconsciemment par les partenaires, elle les influence et a suffisamment de puissance pour éviter le développement de troubles de la personnalité.
L'image inconsciente du corps familial
Authors: Cuynet Patrice
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’auteur propose une analyse théorique de la notion conceptuelle d’image inconsciente du corps familial. Il s’appuie sur ses recherches cliniques en thérapies familiales et sur l’expérimentation d’objets médiateurs tels que le dessin libre de l’arbre généalogique ou celui de la maison imaginaire, faits à grande échelle et sur une population familiale « tout venant ». L’analyse des projections groupales permet de mieux cerner la dynamique structurelle du groupe familial et l’enjeu symptomatique des places individuelles.
Les idéologies économiques du patronat français au 20e siècle
Authors: Denord François
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’historiographie minimise souvent le rôle intellectuel du patronat. Pourtant, les grandes idéologies (socialisme, libéralisme, etc.) ont nécessairement partie liée avec la dévolution du pouvoir dans la sphère économique et au sein de l’entreprise. En ces matières, le patronat ne saurait être neutre. L’organisation de la production, la direction de l’entreprise, les formes de régulations économiques et sociales acceptables suscitent en son sein des controverses et nourrissent des visions du monde contrastées. Le 20 e  siècle a ainsi vu les idéologies économiques patronales se transformer d’un point de vue théorique et organisationnel. Le libéralisme s’est clairement imposé dans la bataille des idées, tandis que les doctrines rivales, comme le corporatisme, passent désormais pour surannées. Parallèlement, le patronat s’est professionnalisé sur le plan de la production idéologique, en mettant en place des structures spécialisées et en recourant massivement à des experts.
How pseudo is an inflammatory pseudotumor?
Authors: Gude Dilip , Rayudu Ramasubba , Bansal Dharam
Published: April 2012

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare lesion of unclear etiology reported in various organs. Although mostly benign, these tumors may pose a therapeutic challenge in cases of recurrence. We report the case of a young male who presented with a clinical and radiological picture suggestive of a malignancy in the thorax and upon evaluation was noted to have IPT of the lung. Complete surgical resection was done with no evidence of tumor recurrence. We review the literature and discern the epidemiological, clinical, pathophysiological and management aspects of IPTs.
A case of primary ovarian lymphoma with autoimmune hemolytic anemia achieving complete response with Rituximab-based combination chemotherapy
Authors: Ghadyalpatil N S , Chandrasekar R , Snehalatha D , Reddy B M
Published: April 2012

Ovarian involvement as primary or secondary lymphomatous process is extremely uncommon. In most cases, the diagnosis is usually not suspected initially and is confirmed only after detailed histopathological evaluation. We report a patient with primary ovarian diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and associated auto-immune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) who achieved complete remission after treatment with Rituximab-cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine and prednisolone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy. This patient was a 50 year old female, who presented with fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss and anemia. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a large left ovarian mass with bilateral hydronephrosis. We performed exploratory laparotomy and partial resection of the mass was done due to the adhesions. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of DLBCL. After six R-CHOP chemotherapy cycles, patient achieved complete response with correction of anemia. To our knowledge, this may be the first case report till date of primary ovarian DLBCL with AIHA treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy who achieved complete remission in terms of primary disease as well as hemolytic anemia.
Isolated cerebellar involvement in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Chaudhary Narendra , Majeed Rubeena , Borker Anupama
Published: April 2012

Parieto-occipital region is the most commonly involved site in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Cerebellar involvement has been reported with the predominant involvement of posterior cerebral regions, but isolated cerebellar involvement in PRES has been reported only once in English literature. We report here a 7-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had PRES with isolated cerebellar involvement during induction chemotherapy. He presented with sudden onset headache, vomiting and hypertension followed by seizures, unconsciousness, and involuntary movements. Computed tomography scan revealed bilateral cerebellar hypodensities. He improved within few hours and reversibility of the lesions was documented on magnetic resonance imaging after 2 weeks. Awareness of atypical patterns in distribution of imaging abnormalities is important to recognize PRES more accurately and to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures and treatment.
Is antenatal detection of Wilms′ tumor a bad prognostic marker?
Authors: Jain Vishesh , Mohta Anup , Sengar Mamta , Khurana Nita
Published: April 2012

Antenatal detection of Wilms′ tumor is rare and only nine cases have been reported till now in the English literature. We report a case of a 7-month-old child with prenatally detected renal mass managed by nephroureterectomy associated with intraoperative spill. The child developed recurrence while on DD4A chemotherapy. Salvage chemotherapy was initiated but there was no response after two cycles and the child expired due to tumor rupture.
Improvement of Quality of Life (QOL) in Osteoporotic Patients by Elcatonin Treatment: A Trial Taking the Participants’ Preference into Account
Authors: Yoh K. , Uzawa T. , Orito T. , Tanaka K.
Published: April 2012

Osteoporosis is associated with compromised quality of life (QOL), to which pain has the most important contribution. Elcatonin, a derivative of calcitonin, is widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis in two ways. One is as the inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption. The other is for osteoporosis-related pain based on the unique analgesic effects of elcatonin. Since pain is subjective in nature, and QOL is the only clinical outcome representing the patients’ subjective perception of health status, pain associated with osteoporosis would be best evaluated based on QOL assessment. Evidence based medicine gives the highest remarks to the double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, which, however, cannot be free from methodological problems on some occasions. For example, it is practically impossible to remain blinded in the trial of a potent analgesia, which in turn causes biases. Thus, the significance of taking the patients’ preference into account is increasingly acknowledged. In this study, 45 osteoporotic patients were given brochures describing the pros and cons on the three treatment choices; calcium and alfacalcidol, additional use of elcatonin, and additional use of bisphosphonate. Those who favored elcatonin were older, had more vertebral fractures, and lower QOL scores. QOL was evaluated before and three months after the treatment using SF-8; the most widely used generic questionnaire, and RDQ; a lumbago-specific measure. Elcatonin treatment improved physical function, general health, and vitality of SF-8, and RDQ score. Although this is a preliminary study, our results suggest that patients with vertebral fracture(s) have impaired QOL and more likely to favor elcatonin treatment expecting analgesia.
Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography for the Bedside Assessment of Viability following a Motor Vehicle Accident and Subsequent Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report
Authors: Brittain Evan L. , Irani Waleed N. , Ahmad Rashid M. , Monahan Ken
Published: April 2012

The authors describe a case of a critically ill patient presenting after motor vehicle trauma complicated by anterior myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. Assessment of myocardial viability in the territory of a critically stenosed left anterior descending artery (LAD) was necessary to determine the optimal management strategy. Bedside dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) demonstrated viability in the LAD territory and the patient underwent uncomplicated single-vessel bypass surgery with subsequent improvement in left-ventricular function. This case illustrates the utility of bedside DSE to assess myocardial viability in patients for whom other non-invasive modalities are not feasible.
The extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere temperature in the last two millennia: reconstructions of low-frequency variability
Authors: Christiansen B. , Ljungqvist F. C.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. We present two new multi-proxy reconstructions of the extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere (30–90° N) mean temperature: a two-millennia long reconstruction reaching back to 1 AD and a 500-yr long reconstruction reaching back to 1500 AD. The reconstructions are based on compilations of 32 and 91 proxies, respectively, of which only little more than half pass a screening procedure and are included in the actual reconstructions. The proxies are of different types and of different resolutions (annual, annual-to-decadal, and decadal) but all have previously been shown to relate to local or regional temperature. We use a reconstruction method, LOCal (LOC), that recently has been shown to confidently reproduce low-frequency variability. Confidence intervals are obtained by an ensemble pseudo-proxy method that both estimates the variance and the bias of the reconstructions. The two-millennia long reconstruction shows a well defined Medieval Warm Period, with a peak warming ca. 950–1050 AD reaching 0.6 °C relative to the reference period 1880–1960 AD. The 500-yr long reconstruction confirms previous results obtained with the LOC method applied to a smaller proxy compilation; in particular it shows the Little Ice Age cumulating in 1580–1720 AD with a temperature minimum of −1.0 °C below the reference period. The reconstructed local temperatures, the magnitude of which are subject to wide confidence intervals, show a rather geographically homogeneous Little Ice Age, while more geographical inhomogeneities are found for the Medieval Warm Period. Reconstructions based on different subsets of proxies show only small differences, suggesting that LOC reconstructs 50-yr smoothed extra-tropical NH mean temperatures well and that low-frequency noise in the proxies is a relatively small problem.
Tropical Pacific spatial trend patterns in observed sea level: internal variability and/or anthropogenic signature?
Authors: Meyssignac B. , Salas y Melia D. , Becker M. , Llovel W. , Cazenave A.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. In this study we focus on the sea level trend pattern observed by satellite altimetry in the tropical Pacific over the 1993–2009 time span (i.e. 17 yr). Our objective is to investigate whether this 17-yr-long trend pattern was different before the altimetry era, what was its spatio-temporal variability and what have been its main drivers. We try to discriminate the respective roles of the internal variability of the climate system and of external forcing factors, in particular anthropogenic emissions (greenhouse gases and aerosols). On the basis of a 2-D past sea level reconstruction over 1950–2009 (based on a combination of observations and ocean modelling) and multi-century control runs (i.e. with constant, preindustrial external forcing) from eight coupled climate models, we have investigated how the observed 17-yr sea level trend pattern evolved during the last decades and centuries, and try to estimate the characteristic time scales of its variability. For that purpose, we have computed sea level trend patterns over successive 17-yr windows (i.e. the length of the altimetry record), both for the 60-yr long reconstructed sea level and the model runs. We find that the 2-D sea level reconstruction shows spatial trend patterns similar to the one observed during the altimetry era. The pattern appears to have fluctuated with time with a characteristic time scale of the order of 25–30 yr. The same behaviour is found in multi-centennial control runs of the coupled climate models. A similar analysis is performed with 20th century coupled climate model runs with complete external forcing (i.e. solar plus volcanic variability and changes in anthropogenic forcing). Results suggest that in the tropical Pacific, sea level trend fluctuations are dominated by the internal variability of the ocean–atmosphere coupled system. While our analysis cannot rule out any influence of anthropogenic forcing, it concludes that the latter effect in that particular region is stillhardly detectable.
A climate model intercomparison for the Antarctic region: present and past
Authors: Maris M. N. A. , de Boer B. , Oerlemans J.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. Eighteen General Circulation Models (GCMs) are compared to reference data for the present, the Mid-Holocene (MH) and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) for the Antarctic region. The climatology produced by a regional climate model is taken as a reference climate for the present. GCM results for the past are compared to ice-core data. The goal of this study is to find the best GCM that can be used to drive an ice sheet model that simulates the evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Because temperature and precipitation are the most important climate variables when modelling the evolution of an ice sheet, these two variables are considered in this paper. This is done by ranking the models according to how well their output corresponds with the references. In general, present-day temperature is simulated well, but precipitation is overestimated compared to the reference data. Another finding is that model biases play an important role in simulating the past, as they are often larger than the change in temperature or precipitation between the past and the present. Considering the results for the present-day as well as for the MH and the LGM, the best performing models are HadCM3 and MIROC 3.2.2.
Mechanisms for European summer temperature response to solar forcing over the last millennium
Authors: Swingedouw D. , Terray L. , Servonnat J. , Guiot J.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. A simulation of the last millennium is compared to a recent spatio-temporal reconstruction of summer temperature over Europe. The focus is on the response to solar forcing over the pre-industrial era. Although the correlation between solar forcing and the reconstruction remains small, the spatial regression over solar forcing shows statistically significant regions. The meridional pattern of this regression is found to be similar in the model and in the reconstruction. This pattern exhibits a large warming over Northern and Mediterranean Europe and a lesser amplitude response over Central Europe. The mechanisms explaining this pattern in the simulation are mainly related to evapotranspiration fluxes. It is shown that the evapotranspiration is larger in summer over Central Europe when solar forcing increases, while it decreases over the Mediterranean area. The explanation for the evapotranspiration increase over Central Europe is found in the increase of winter precipitation there, leading to a soil moisture increase in spring. As a consequence, the evapotranspiration is larger in summer, which leads to an increase in cloud cover over this region, reducing the surface shortwave flux there and leading to less warming. Over the Mediterranean area, the surface shortwave flux increases with solar forcing, the soil becomes dryer and the evapotranspiration is reduced in summer leading to a larger increase in temperature. This effect appears to be overestimated in the model as compared to the reconstruction. Finally, the warming of Northern Europe is related to the albedo feedback due to sea-ice cover retreat with increasing solar forcing. These results show that the last millennium can be useful to evaluate the sensitivity of climate models to radiative forcing changes, using spatio-temporal reconstruction of climate.
On the relation between Meridional Overturning Circulation and sea-level gradients in the Atlantic
Authors: Kienert H. , Rahmstorf S.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. On the basis of model simulations, we examine what information on changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) can be extracted from associated changes in sea surface height (SSH), specifically from a broad Atlantic north-south gradient as has been suggested previously in the literature. Since a relation between AMOC and SSH changes can only be used as an AMOC diagnostic if it is valid independently of the specific forcing, we consider three different forcing types: increase of CO2 concentration, freshwater fluxes to the northern convection sites and the modification of Southern Ocean winds. We concentrate on a timescale of 100 yr. We find approximately linear and numerically similar relations between a sea-level difference within the Atlantic and the AMOC for freshwater as well as wind forcing. However, the relation is more complex in response to atmospheric CO2 increase, which precludes this sea-level difference as an AMOC diagnostic under climate change. Finally, we show qualitatively to what extent changes in SSH and AMOC strength that are caused by simultaneous application of different forcings correspond to the sum of the changes due to the individual forcings, a potential prerequisite for more complex SSH-based AMOC diagnostics.
A comprehensive approach to analyze discrepancies between land surface models and in-situ measurements: a case study over US and Illinois with SECHIBA forced by NLDAS
Authors: Guimberteau M. , Perrier A. , Laval K. , Polcher J.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to test the ability of the Land Surface Model SECHIBA to simulate water budget and particularly soil moisture at two different scales: regional and mesoscale. The model is forced by NLDAS data set at eighth degree resolution over the 1997–1999 period. SECHIBA gives satisfying results in terms of evapotranspiration and runoff over US compared with four other land surface models, all forced by NLDAS data set for a common time period. The simulated soil moisture is compared to in-situ data from the Global Soil Moisture Database across Illinois by computing a soil wetness index. A comprehensive approach is performed to test the ability of SECHIBA to simulate soil moisture with a gradual change of the vegetation parameters closely related to the experimental conditions. With default values of vegetation parameters, the model overestimates soil moisture, particularly during summer. Sensitivity tests of the model to the change of vegetation parameters are performed and show that the roots extraction parameter has the largest impact on soil moisture, others parameters such as LAI, height or soil resistance having a minor impact. Moreover, a new computation of evapotranspiration including bare soil evaporation under vegetation has been introduced into the model. The results point out an improvement of the simulation of soil moisture when this effect is taken into account. Finally, uncertainties in forcing precipitation to simulate a realistic soil moisture are addressed and it is shown that soil moisture observations can be rather different depending on the method to measure field capacity. When the observed field capacity is deducted from the observed volumetric water profiles, simulated soil wetness index is closer to the observations. Excepted for one station, the monthly mean correlation is around 0.9 between observation and simulation.