bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluoroscopic 3D Image Generation from Patient-Specific PCA Motion Models Derived from 4D-CBCT Patient Datasets: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Dhou Salam , Alkhodari Mohanad , Ionascu Dan , Williams Christopher , Lewis John H.
Published: January 2022

A method for generating fluoroscopic (time-varying) volumetric images using patient-specific motion models derived from four-dimensional cone-beam CT (4D-CBCT) images was developed. 4D-CBCT images acquired immediately prior to treatment have the potential to accurately represent patient anatomy and respiration during treatment. Fluoroscopic 3D image estimation is performed in two steps: (1) deriving motion models and (2) optimization. To derive motion models, every phase in a 4D-CBCT set is registered to a reference phase chosen from the same set using deformable image registration (DIR). Principal components analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimensionality of the displacement vector fields (DVFs) resulting from DIR into a few vectors representing organ motion found in the DVFs. The PCA motion models are optimized iteratively by comparing a cone-beam CT (CBCT) projection to a simulated projection computed from both the motion model and a reference 4D-CBCT phase, resulting in a sequence of fluoroscopic 3D images. Patient datasets were used to evaluate the method by estimating the tumor location in the generated images compared to manually defined ground truth positions. Experimental results showed that the average tumor mean absolute error (MAE) along the superior–inferior (SI) direction and the 95th percentile in two patient datasets were 2.29 and 5.79 mm for patient 1, and 1.89 and 4.82 mm for patient 2. This study demonstrated the feasibility of deriving 4D-CBCT-based PCA motion models that have the potential to account for the 3D non-rigid patient motion and localize tumors and other patient anatomical structures on the day of treatment.
A Framework for Effective Science Communication and Outreach Strategies and Dissemination of Research Findings for Marine Energy Projects
Authors: Gunn Cailene M. , Amerson Alicia M. , Adkisson Kelsey L. , Haxel Joseph H.
Published: January 2022

Marine energy is an emerging renewable energy industry with the potential to produce 2300 terawatt-hours per year from resources within the United States. As development and testing of marine energy devices advance, regulatory and permitting decision-makers are concerned about the uncertainty surrounding the potential environmental effects resulting from the introduction of these novel devices in coastal and riverine environments. The Triton Initiative researches and provides recommendations for environmental monitoring technologies and methods to inform industry stakeholders with the data necessary to permit the testing of marine energy systems. Effective dissemination of the research findings is essential for improving the accessibility of data to stakeholders who may use the results to inform policy decisions, yet few frameworks for conducting science communications for marine energy projects exist. In this paper, we present tools, channels, and tactics for developing a science communication framework for marine energy projects, or similar areas of study, using the Triton Initiative’s pilot science communication program as a case study. By leveraging existing bodies of work in disciplines such as communications theory, marketing, public relations, and social science, the presented framework includes audience identification and analysis; channel development, including a website, blog, newsletter, social media, and webinars and presentations; and metrics for determining success. Outcomes from one year of Triton’s case study are presented, including the most effective tactics and lessons learned.
Relationship between Epicardial and Coronary Adipose Tissue and the Expression of Adiponectin, Leptin, and Interleukin 6 in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gruzdeva Olga V. , Dyleva Yulia A. , Belik Ekaterina V. , Sinitsky Maxim Y. , Stasev Aleksandr N. , Kokov Aleksandr N. , Brel Natalia K. , Krivkina Evgenia O. , Bychkova Evgenia E. , Tarasov Roman S. , Barbarash Olga L.
Published: January 2022

Adipose tissue (AT) is an endocrine and paracrine organ that synthesizes biologically active adipocytokines, which affect inflammation, fibrosis, and atherogenesis. Epicardial and perivascular fat depots are of great interest to researchers, owing to their potential effects on the myocardium and blood vessels. The aim of the study was to assess the expression and secretion of adipocytokine genes in the AT of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and patients with aortic or mitral valve replacement. This study included 84 patients with CAD and 50 patients with aortic or mitral valve replacement. Adipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous, epicardial (EAT), and perivascular AT (PVAT), and were cultured for 24 h. EAT exhibited the lowest level of adiponectin gene expression and secretion, regardless of nosology, and high expression levels of the leptin gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, EAT adipocytes in patients with CAD were characterized by more pronounced changes in comparison with the group with heart defects. High leptin and IL-6 levels resulted in increased pro-inflammatory activity, as observed in both EAT and PVAT adipocytes, especially in individuals with CAD. Therefore, our results revealed the pathogenetic significance of alterations in the adipokine and cytokine status of adipocytes of EAT and PVAT in patients with CAD.
The Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Transplant-Ineligible Myeloma Patients with Bortezomib plus Thalidomide plus Dexamethasone (VTD) or Bortezomib plus Melphalan plus Prednisolone (VMP) Treatment in Southern Taiwan
Authors: Du Jeng-Shiun , Kuo Yi-Chun , Shi Hon-Yi , Wang Ming-Chung , Wang Li-Ying , Chuang Tzer-Ming , Ke Ya-Lun , Yeh Tsung-Jang , Gau Yu-Ching , Wang Hui-Ching , Cho Shih-Feng , Hsiao Samuel Yien , Liu Yi-Chang , Hsu Chin-Mu , Hsiao Hui-Hua
Published: January 2022

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of treating transplant-ineligible myeloma patients with either a bortezomib plus thalidomide plus dexamethasone (VTD) or a bortezomib plus melphalan plus prednisolone (VMP) treatment in Taiwan. Methods: Newly diagnosed, transplant-ineligible myeloma patients with VTD or VMP therapy were enrolled from two medical centers in southern Taiwan. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were used as the measurement unit of the effectiveness evaluation, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used for comparison between the two groups. A net monetary benefit approach and cost-effectiveness acceptability curve were also used for the cost-effectiveness assessment. A one-way sensitivity analysis was used to check the impact of different parameters. In total, 77 patients were enrolled in the study with 43 patients in the VTD group and 34 patients in the VMP group. Clinical presentations were similar without significant difference, except the VTD group had a higher survival rate (p = 0.029). Comparisons of the two groups over an eight-month time horizon revealed a significant lower mean of direct medical costs in the VTD group than in the VMP group (p < 0.001), and a significantly higher average QALY was gained (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The study demonstrated the greater clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness of VTD compared to VMP therapy in transplant-ineligible, newly diagnosed myeloma patients.
Comparison of Detection of Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator by Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Near-Infrared ANGIOGRAPHY and Handheld Acoustic Doppler Sonography for Reconstruction of Sacral Pressure Injury
Authors: Wu Chien-Wei , Liu Hung-Hui , Chen Chun-Yu , Hsu Kuo-Feng , Chou Yu-Yu , Huang Dun-Wei , Tzeng Yuan-Sheng
Published: January 2022

Aims: Pressure injury is a gradually increasing disease in the aging society. The reconstruction of a pressure ulcer requires a patient and surgical technique. The patients were exposed to the radiation risk under other ways of detection of perforators such as computed tomographic angiography and magnetic resonance angiography. Here, we compared two radiation-free methods of a superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP), flap harvesting and anchoring. One is the traditional method of detecting only handheld acoustic Doppler sonography (ADS) (Group 1). The other involves the assistance of intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescent near-infrared angiography (ICGFA) and handheld ADS (Group 2). Materials and Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective, observational study that included patients with sacral pressure injury grades III and IV, who had undergone reconstructive surgery with an SGAP flap between January 2019 and January 2021. Two detection methods were used intraoperatively. The main outcome measures included the operative time, estimated blood loss, major perforator detection numbers, wound condition, and incidence of complications. Results: Sixteen patients underwent an SGAP flap reconstruction. All patients were diagnosed with grade III to IV sacral pressure injury after a series of examinations. Group 1 included 8 patients with a mean operative time of 91 min, and the mean estimated blood loss was 50 mL. The mean number of perforators was 4. Postoperative complications included one wound infection in one case and wound edge dehiscence in one case. No mortality was associated with this procedure. The mean total hospital stay was 16 days. Group 2 included 8 patients with a mean operative time of 107.5 min, and the mean estimated blood loss was 50 mL. The mean number of perforators was 5. Postoperative complications included one wound infection. No mortality was associated with this procedure. The mean total hospital stay was 13 days. Conclusions: The combination of detection of the SGAP by ICGFA and handheld ADS for the reconstruction of a sacral pressure injury provides a more accurate method and provides the advantage of being radiation-free.
Effect of Standard Disk Plough on Soil Translocation in Sloping Sicilian Vineyards
Authors: Novara Agata , Novara Amelia , Comparetti Antonio , Santoro Antonino , Cerdà Artemi , Rodrigo-Comino Jesús , Gristina Luciano
Published: January 2022

Tillage is the main force of soil redistribution in agricultural land use and has been seen as more critical than water erosion. This study aims to evaluate the effect of tillage with standard disk in vineyards. A representative study area with grapevines was selected, and 39 inter-rows were selected to test the effect of slope and forward speed. In each inter-row, a strip of soil was collected, and mixed with 2 kg of coloured sand used as a tracer, then replaced in the strip, and shallow soil tillage was performed by means of a standard disk plough. Three soil subsamples were collected along the slope every 0.30 m from the coloured strip and the sand tracer was separated from the soil and weighed. The results show that the mean soil translocation distance ranged from 0.73 to 1.14 m along the upslope direction, and from 0.32 to 0.84 m along the downslope direction. The net translocation was −0.33 ± 0.12 m which indicate an upslope soil movement. Mean translocation distance was not significantly affected by the considered forward speeds. These results demonstrate that tillage can reallocate soil upslope and open new insights into the use of disk plough as sustainable management in vineyards.
Can We Simultaneously Restore Peatlands and Improve Livelihoods? Exploring Community Home Yard Innovations in Utilizing Degraded Peatland
Authors: Sakuntaladewi Niken , Rachmanadi Dony , Mendham Daniel , Yuwati Tri Wira , Winarno Bondan , Premono Bambang Tejo , Lestari Sri , Ardhana Adnan , Ramawati  , Budiningsih Kushartati , Hidayat Dian Charity , Iqbal Mohamad
Published: January 2022

Peatlands support the daily needs of people in many villages in Indonesia, including in Central Kalimantan Province. They provide the natural resources to enable fisheries, agriculture, plantations, and forestry. However, peatland utilization comes with various challenges, including fire, soil acidity, inundation, low fertility, and limited choice of suitable species. Many of the current uses of peatland can result in its degradation, oxidation, and increased risk of peat fire. Avoiding further environmental degradation will require the development of new technology that allows the community to both earn a livelihood and protect the peatland. In this study we assessed a range of technologies applied by 14 farmers at Tumbang Nusa village, Central Kalimantan province, in managing degraded peatlands in their home yard for agricultural business. The study shows that for endemic peatland species, good success can be achieved if they are planted directly. However, for species endemic to mineral land, there are four technologies applied by farmers in managing degraded peatland. The choice of technologies is influenced by their economic capacity/cash flow flexibility and their understanding of peatlands. Technologies intended to adapt to land inundation include the use of polybags, development of raised beds, and making peat mounds with mineral soil in the centre. Technologies to address the acidity and soil fertility include amelioration with dolomite lime and fertilizer. The use of polybags filled with peat soil is the easiest technology to adopt and can be conducted by all family members. However, a farmer’s choice of technology needs to always consider the potential environmental impacts in addition to increasing soil fertility so that peat conservation is maintained.
The Effect of Leisure Involvement on Place Attachment: Flow Experience as Mediating Role
Authors: Tao Hui , Zhou Qing , Tian Dajiang , Zhu Limin
Published: January 2022

Leisure is an important way for residents to achieve well-being. As urbanization continues to accelerate and residents’ spiritual and cultural needs gradually increase, urban park leisure is becoming increasingly prominent in daily recreation, and recreational activities that meet residents’ short-term and frequent needs for leisure are becoming preferred. In this article, based on structural equation models, four representative urban parks in Beijing were selected as study areas to explore the relationships among three variables: leisure involvement, flow experience, and place attachment. The results showed that (1) leisure involvement had a significant positive effect on flow experience, (2) flow experience had a significant positive effect on place attachment, and (3) leisure involvement had both a significant direct effect on place attachment and an indirect effect mediated by flow experience. In addition, according to the empirical analysis of the influence of leisure behavior characteristics on leisure benefits, it was found that 1–3 h of leisure time in the park had the best leisure benefits. Therefore, a higher level of leisure involvement and a stronger flow experience can help to enhance residents’ place attachment; foster self-expression, identity, and self-actualization; and boost the benefits of leisure, which will eventually improve personal well-being and quality of life, construct and strengthen a sense of urban community, and fulfill people’s aspirations for a better life.
Transportation and Air Quality Perspectives and Projections in a Mediterranean Country, the Case of Greece
Authors: Spyropoulos Georgios C. , Nastos Panagiotis T. , Moustris Konstantinos P. , Chalvatzis Konstantinos J.
Published: January 2022

This study provides a thorough review and analysis of the evolution of the Greek vehicle fleet over the last ~30 years, which is next used for the generation of high granularity fleet projections, the assessment of associated air pollution and the estimation of relevant environmental benefits by 2030. The integrated methodology developed takes also into account vehicle clustering and the Brown’s Double Simple Exponential Smoothing technique that, together with the adoption of COPERT-based emission factors, allow for the estimation of the anticipated emissions in 2030. Expected 2030 emissions levels suggest a reduction across all pollutants compared to 2018, ranging from 3.7% for PM10 to 54.5% for NMVOC (and 46% for CO, 14% for SO2, 28% for NOX and 21% for CO2). We find that Greece is on track with national goals concerning the reduction of air pollution from the transportation sector, which designates the positive contribution anticipated by EVs and new, “greener” vehicles, and sets new challenges for the further improvement of the sector beyond the 2030 outlook.
History-Dependent Stress Relaxation of Liquids under High-Confinement: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Gao Hongyu
Published: January 2022

When liquids are confined into a nanometer-scale slit, the induced layering-like film structure allows the liquid to sustain non-isotropic stresses and thus be load-bearing. Such anisotropic characteristics of liquid under confinement arise naturally from the liquids’ wavenumber dependent compressibility, which does not need solidification to take place as a prerequisite. In other words, liquids under confinement can still retain fluidity with molecules being (sub-)diffusive. However, the extensively prolonged structural relaxation times can cause hysteresis of stress relaxation of confined molecules in response to the motions of confining walls and thereby rendering the quasi-static stress tensors history-dependent. In this work, by means of molecular dynamics, stress tensors of a highly confined key base-oil component, i.e., 1-decene trimer, are calculated after its relaxation from being compressed and decompressed. A maximum of 77.1 MPa normal stress discrepancy has been detected within a triple-layer boundary film. Analyses with respect to molecular morphology indicate that among the effects (e.g., confinement, molecular structure, and film density) that can potentially affect confined stresses, the ordering status of the confined molecules plays a predominant role.
Clinical Evaluation of Magnesium Alloy Osteosynthesis in the Mandibular Head
Authors: Kozakiewicz Marcin , Gabryelczak Izabela , Bielecki-Kowalski Bartosz
Published: January 2022

Titanium alloys are used in skeletal surgery. However, once bone union is complete, such fixation material becomes unnecessary or even harmful. Resorbable magnesium materials have been available for several years (WE43 alloy). The aim of this study was to clinically compare magnesium versus titanium open reduction and rigid fixations in mandible condylar heads. Ten patients were treated for fractures of the mandibular head with magnesium headless compression screws (2.3 mm in diameter), and 11 patients were included as a reference group with titanium screws (1.8 mm in diameter) with similar construction. The fixation characteristics (delay, time, and number of screws), distant anatomical results (mandibular ramus height loss, monthly loss rate, and relative loss of reconstructed ramus height), basic functional data (mandibular movements, facial nerve function, and cutaneous perception) and the influence of the effects of the injury (fracture type, fragmentation, occlusion, additional fractures, and associated diseases) on the outcome were evaluated. The long-term results of treatment were evaluated after 18 months. Treatment results similar to those of traditional titanium fixation were found with magnesium screws. Conclusions: Resorbable metal screws can be a favored option for osteosynthesis because surgical reentry can be avoided. These materials provide proper and stable treatment results.
Investigations on the Thermodynamics Characteristics, Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Calcium-Activated Zinc-Containing Metallurgical Residues
Authors: Ma Aiyuan , Zheng Xuemei , Gao Lei , Li Kangqiang , Omran Mamdouh , Chen Guo
Published: January 2022

An activate pretreatment of zinc-containing metallurgical residues were proposed by adding CaO and introducing microwave heating approach into the CaO activation pretreatment process to realize the conversion of refractory ore phases into pre-treated ore phase. Thermodynamic characteristics analysis indicated that adding CaO can realize the conversion of refractory ore phases, with the same effect as the carbon additives. Thermal conductivity properties analysis denoted that the thermal conductivity properties of ZnS and ZnFe2O4 were relatively poor. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity properties of the residues sample added with 25% CaO were significantly superior to the residues added with other CaO contents, with the maximum specific heat value of 1.348 J/g·K at 350 °C. Dielectric properties analysis highlighted that adding CaO with the dielectric constant properties significantly higher than that of other substances can enhance the microwave absorption capacity of zinc-containing residues. The decrease in dielectric loss and loss tangent value with the increase of temperature and the residues having large microwave penetration depth guaranteed to obtain better uniformity of microwave heating. Furthermore, adding 25% CaO promoted the microwave penetration depth of the residues sample increased in the range of 300–500 °C. This work can lay a theoretical research foundation for solving the key difficulty for efficient Zn recovery from complex zinc-containing metallurgical residues.
Influence of Laser Beam Wobbling Parameters on Microstructure and Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Multi Passed Repaired Parts
Authors: Voropaev Artem Aleksandrovich , Protsenko Vladimir Georgievich , Anufriyev Dmitriy Andreevich , Kuznetsov Mikhail Valerievich , Mukhin Aleksey Alekseevich , Sviridenko Maksim Nikolaevich , Kuryntsev Sergey Vyacheslavovich
Published: January 2022

The results of experimental studies of repair of the supporting structure components made of 316L steel multi-pass laser cladding with filler wire are presented. The influence of the wobbling mode parameters, welding speed, and laser power on the formation of the deposited metal during multi-pass laser cladding with filler wire of 316L steel samples into a narrow slot groove, 6 mm deep and 3 mm wide, are shown. Non-destructive testing, metallographic studies, and mechanical tests of the deposited metal before and after heat treatment (2 h at 450 °C) were carried out. Based on the results of experimental studies, the optimal modes of laser beam wobbling were selected (amplitude—1.3 mm, frequency—100 Hz) at which the formation of a bead of optimal dimensions (height—1672 μm, width—3939 μm, depth of penetration into the substrate—776 μm) was ensured. A laser cladding technology with ESAB OK Autrode 316L filler wire has been developed, which has successfully passed the certification for conformity with the ISO 15614-11 standard. Studies of the chemical elements’ distribution before and after heat treatment showed that, after heat treatment along the grain boundaries, particles with a significantly higher Mo content (5.50%) were found in the sample, presumably precipitated phases. Microstructure studies and microhardness measurements showed that the upper part metal of the third pass, which has a lower microhardness (75% of base metal), higher ferrite content, and differently oriented dendritic austenite, significantly differs from the rest of the cladded metal.
Mechanism and Performance of Bituminous Mixture Using 100% Content RAP with Bio-Rejuvenated Additive (BRA)
Authors: Chen Anqi , Qiu Yazhen , Wang Xiangyu , Li Yuanyuan , Wu Shaopeng , Liu Quantao , Wu Fan , Feng Jianlin , Lin Zhuowei
Published: January 2022

The low RAP content, hot mixing conditions, and the addition of a high ratio of new bitumen and aggregates result in low economic and environmental benefits for current regeneration technologies. A bio-rejuvenated additive (BRA) that can fully (100%) regenerate the RAP without heating is proposed in this paper. To reveal the mechanisms of BRA-rejuvenated RAP, the effects of BRA on the chemical structure and molecular weight of the RAP were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The mechanical performance and water damage resistance of BRA-rejuvenated RAP were studied. Low contents of new bitumen or epoxy resin were suggested to increase the mechanical performance of 100% RAP. The results show that the 1.5% BRA-rejuvenated RAP had the best mechanical performance. The blending of BRA with recycled RAP is a completely physical process, without any chemical reactions. The molecular weight of BRA is lower than that of bitumen; it can substantially increase the content of light components in aged bitumen, and play the role of adjusting and restoring the balance of the components of aged bitumen. The mechanical performance of BRA-rejuvenated RAP is enhanced significantly by adding low dosages of new bitumen or epoxy resin.
Experimental Investigation of the Stress–Strain Behavior and Strength Characterization of Rubberized Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Ullah Hanif , Iqbal Mudassir , Khan Kaffayatullah , Jamal Arshad , Nawaz Adnan , Khan Nayab , Jalal Fazal E. , Almaliki Abdulrazak H. , Hussein Enas E.
Published: January 2022

Due to the rapid increase in population, the use of automobile vehicles increases day by day, which causes a considerable increase in the waste tires produced worldwide. Research studies are in progress to utilize scrap tires and waste rubber material in several fields to cater the pollution problems in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. In this research, the shredded waste tires were used in concrete to replace fine aggregates in different percentages. The fine aggregates in the rubberized concrete were replaced 10%, 15%, and 20% by rubber. The stress–strain behavior of the concrete models is then determined and compared with the already established analytical models, i.e., Modified Kent and Park Model, Mander’s model, and Razvi and Saatcioglu Model. A total of 12 standard concrete cylinders and 18 models of each type of concrete, i.e., normal concrete, reinforced rubberized concrete with 10%, 15%, and 20% addition of rubber, were fabricated. Specimens fabricated in each replacement of rubber were laterally confined, employing 3 in (76 mm) and 6 in (152 mm) c/c tie spacing. The model and cylinders were subjected to uni-axial compression tests using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The drop in compressive strength, stress–strain constitutive law, strain limits, and overall behavior of the rubberized reinforced concrete were explored experimentally. The results were then compared with the analytical results of the established models. The research can help explore the possible future for the use of rubberized concrete for the potential application as a structural material.
One-Step Synthesis of High Pure Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum for Optics and Photonics
Authors: Avetisov Roman , Kazmina Ksenya , Barkanov Artem , Zykova Marina , Khomyakov Andrew , Pytchenko Alexander , Avetissov Igor
Published: January 2022

A simple method of synthesis of high pure tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) from commercial available 5N Al2O3 and 8-hydroxyquinolinol has been developed. One-step exchange chemical reaction has been conducted under controlled 8-hydrixyquinoline vapor at a temperature of 190–240 °C with water removal by phosphorus anhydride. According to analysis of inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry, the chemical purity of synthesized Alq3 was 99.998 wt%. Photoluminescence of the synthesized Alq3 has been measured and slightly differed from those of Alq3 obtained by traditional organic synthesis.
High-Performance Thermal Interface Materials with Magnetic Aligned Carbon Fibers
Authors: Wu Qi , Miao Jianyin , Li Wenjun , Yang Qi , Huang Yanpei , Fu Zhendong , Yang Le
Published: January 2022

Thermal interface materials with high thermal conductivity and low hardness are crucial to the heat dissipation of high-power electronics. In this study, a high magnetic field was used to align the milled carbon fibers (CFs, 150 μm) in silicone rubber matrix to fabricate thermal interface materials with an ordered and discontinuous structure. The relationship among the magnetic field density, the alignment degree of CFs, and the properties of the resulting composites was explored by experimental study and theoretical analysis. The results showed higher alignment degree and enhanced thermal conductivity of composites under increased magnetic flux density within a certain curing time. When the magnetic flux density increased to 9 T, the CFs showed perfect alignment and the composite showed a high thermal conductivity of 11.76 W/(m·K) with only 20 vol% CF loading, owing to the ordered structure. Meanwhile, due to the low filler loading and discontinuous structure, a low hardness of 60~70 (shore 00) was also realized. Their thermal management performance was further confirmed in a test system, revealing promising applications for magnetic aligned CF–rubber composites in thermal interface materials.
Ti-40Al-10Nb-10Cr Porous Microfiltration Membrane with Hierarchical Pore Structure for Particulate Matter Capturing from High-Temperature Flue Gas
Authors: Gui Wanyuan , Shi Zhenjing , Zhang Yin , Liang Yongfeng , Qin Jingyan , Wang Yanli , Lin Junpin , Luan Benli
Published: January 2022

TiAl-based porous microfiltration membranes are expected to be the next-generation filtration materials for potential applications in high-temperature flue gas separation in corrosive environments. Unfortunately, the insufficient high-temperature oxidation resistance severely limits their industrial applications. To tackle this issue, a Ti-40Al-10Nb-10Cr porous alloy was fabricated for highly effective high-temperature flue gas purification. Benefited from microstructural changes and the formation of two new phases, the Ti-40Al-10Nb-10Cr porous alloy demonstrated favorable high-temperature anti-oxidation performance with the incorporation of Nb and Cr high-temperature alloying elements. By the separation of a simulated high-temperature flue gas, we achieved an ultra-high PM-removal efficiency (62.242% for PM<2.5 and 98.563% for PM>2.5). These features, combined with our experimental design strategy, provide a new insight into designing high-temperature TiAl-based porous materials with enhanced performance and durability.
A New Method for Evaluating the Bond Strength of Plasma-Sprayed NiCrBSi Coatings
Authors: Chen Liang-Yu , Liu Yi-Tong , Xuan Hao-Nan , Zhao Cui-Hua , Bobrov Maksym , Zang Qian-Hao , Peng Jin-Hua , Lu Sheng , Zhang Lai-Chang
Published: January 2022

The bond strength is a critical consideration for the plasma-sprayed NiCrBSi coatings. However, the conventional methods for testing the bond strength of NiCrBSi coatings always cost time and money. If there is a simple method that could predict the bond strength of the prepared NiCrBSi coatings without destroying the coatings, it would be significantly beneficial for industrial applications. In this work, a new method was proposed based on the total areas of the interfacial pores for the NiCrBSi coatings. The NiCrBSi coating was prepared by plasma spraying technology and the as-sprayed coating was subsequently remelted by plasma arc using the powers of 20 kW, 25 kW, and 30 kW, respectively. The interfacial microstructures, the size distributions and total areas of the interfacial pores, interfacial hardness, and bond strength of all prepared coating samples were investigated. After remelting, the number and the total area of interfacial pores decrease with increasing the remelting power. Correspondingly, the interfacial hardness and bond strength of coatings increase with increasing the remelting power The bond strength of coatings basically has a linear relationship with the total area of interfacial pores. The built relationship may be used to predict the bond strength of NiCrBSi coatings.
Modeling of Laser Melting Deposition Equipment Based on Digital Twin
Authors: Feng Aixin , Chen Chunlun , Wu Chengmeng , Wei Yacheng , Wang Yu
Published: January 2022

With the rapid development of new-generation information technologies such as big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and mobile internet in traditional manufacturing, the development of intelligent manufacturing (IM) is accelerating. Digital twin is an important method to achieve the goal of IM, and provides an effective means for the integrated development of design and manufacturing (R & M). In view of the problems of long installation and debugging cycles, and process parameters requiring multiple trial and error in the research and development (R & D) process of laser melting deposition (LMD) equipment, this paper focuses on building an LMD equipment model based on digital twin technology. It involves performing virtual assembly, motion setting, collision inspection, and PLC debugging, thereby providing an innovative method and insights for improving the R & D efficiency of the IM of LMD equipment.
Corrosion Monitoring in Atmospheric Conditions: A Review
Authors: Popova Kateryna , Prošek Tomáš
Published: January 2022

A variety of techniques are available for monitoring metal corrosion in electrolytes. However, only some of them can be applied in the atmosphere, in which case a thin discontinuous electrolyte film forms on a surface. In this review, we describe, evaluate and compare both traditional and state-of-the-art real-time corrosion monitoring techniques to identify those suitable for atmospheric conditions. For atmospheric corrosion monitoring (ACM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical noise (EN), electrical resistance (ER) probes, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), radio-frequency identification sensors (RFID), fibre optic corrosion sensors (FOCS) and respirometry, the underlying principles, characteristics and application examples are described, and their advantages and drawbacks outlined. Finally, the techniques are compared in terms of their sensitivity, ease of setup, data processing, ability to identify underlying corrosion mechanisms and applicability in different fields of atmospheric corrosion protection and research.
In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction and Microstructural Studies on Cold and Hot Stamping Combined with Quenching & Partitioning Processing for Development of Third-Generation Advanced High Strength Steels
Authors: Echeverri Edwan Anderson Ariza , Nishikawa Arthur Seiji , Masoumi Mohammad , Pereira Henrique Boschetti , Marulanda Nelson Granda , Rossy Andrés Márquez , Goldenstein Hélio , Tschiptschin André Paulo
Published: January 2022

A novel combined process of Cold Stamping (CS) and Hot Stamping (HS) with Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) treatment applied to advanced TRIP-assisted steel has been conducted by thermomechanical simulation to evaluate the influence of CS or HS in the Q&P processing. With this purpose, Q&P, CSQ&P, and HSQ&P cycles were designed to obtain multiphase microstructures containing ferrite, martensite, bainitic-ferrite, and the maximum retained austenite (RA) fraction after the processes. The objective was to investigate the effects of the variables involving the heat treatments, such as the intercritical austenitization temperature, the isothermal and non-isothermal deformation, the amount of deformation, and the temperature and partitioning times, and to analyze their influence on the microstructural and mechanical responses. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation was undertaken in a thermomechanical simulator coupled to the synchrotron light source to understand the influence of time, temperature, and strain on the level of carbon enrichment in austenite. In addition, the in situ austenite transformation kinetics and lattice parameter evolution were tracked, making it possible to optimize the RA fraction at room temperature after Q&P processing. The newly developed combined process is promising as the transformation-induced plasticity phenomenon during deformation can contribute to the formability and energy absorption. The results also indicate that the deformation of austenite promotes the ferrite transformation while suppressing the bainite transformation. It was possible to plot the results in an elongation-mechanical strength diagram, coupled to material property charts, also known as, ‘banana curve’, allowing us to identify and correlate the thermal or thermomechanical treatment conditions that led to an increase in ductility or strength according to the volume fractions of the resulting phases. Comparing the results for the HSQ&P treatments, it was observed that isothermal strains at higher temperatures (≥800 °C) are more advantageous to increase mechanical strength, while non-isothermal strains (starting at 750 °C) are suggested if the objective is the increase in ductility, with mechanical strength being slightly sacrificed.
Structural Materials Durability Statistical Assessment Taking into Account Threshold Sensitivity
Authors: Bazaras Žilvinas , Lukoševičius Vaidas , Bazaraitė Eglė
Published: January 2022

This work presents an experimental—analytical study of the possibility of applying the method of the greatest probability to evaluate the sensitive thresholds of the bottom (N0) and top (Nk) of the statistical distribution of the mechanical structural characteristics. For the structural materials alloyed steel 15Cr2MoVA, steel C45 and aluminium alloy D16T1, the statistical distribution of proportional limit, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, reduction in area, cyclic stress was estimated, as well as the following statistical parameters: mathematical mean, average square deviation, dispersion, asymmetry, variation coefficient, and excess. Purpose: to determine whether the limits of the sensitivity of the statistical distribution of the mechanical characteristics have been computed using the maximum likelihood method. Value: there is a certain upward and downward flattening of the probability curves in the statistical distribution curves of the fatigue test results. This implies that the chosen law of the distribution of random variables has an effect on the appearance of errors. These errors are unacceptable given the importance of accurately determining the reliability and durability of transport means, shipbuilding, machinery, and other important structures. Our results could potentially explain why sensitive limits cannot be applied to the statistical distribution of the mechanical characteristics of structural materials.
Crosstalk between Acidosis and Iron Metabolism: Data from In Vivo Studies
Authors: Daher Raêd , Ducrot Nicolas , Lefebvre Thibaud , Zineeddine Sofia , Ausseil Jérome , Puy Hervé , Karim Zoubida
Published: January 2022

Iron absorption requires an acidic environment that is generated by the activity of the proton pump gastric H(+)/K(+)ATPase (ATP4), expressed in gastric parietal cells. However, hepcidin, the iron regulatory peptide that inhibits iron absorption, unexpectedly upregulates ATP4 and increases gastric acidity. Thus, a concept of link between acidosis and alterations in iron metabolism, needs to be explored. We investigated this aspect in-vivo using experimental models of NH4Cl-induced acidosis and of an iron-rich diet. Under acidosis, gastric ATP4 was augmented. Serum hepcidin was induced and its mRNA level was increased in the liver but not in the stomach, a tissue where hepcidin is also expressed. mRNA and protein levels of intestinal DMT1(Divalent Metal Transporter 1) and ferroportin were downregulated. Serum iron level and transferrin saturation remained unchanged, but serum ferritin was significantly increased. Under iron-rich diet, the protein expression of ATP4A was increased and serum, hepatic and gastric hepcidin were all induced. Taken together, these results provide evidence of in-vivo relationship between iron metabolism and acidosis. For clinical importance, we speculate that metabolic acidosis may contribute in part to the pathologic elevation of serum hepcidin levels seen in patients with chronic kidney disease. The regulation of ATP4 by iron metabolism may also be of interest for patients with hemochromatosis.
Research on Processing Technology of Multi-Layer Heterogeneous Material Composite Micron Cantilever Beam Structure
Authors: Shang Yingqi , Zhang Hongquan , Wu Zuofei , Chen Dongsa , Wu Shuangyu
Published: January 2022

In order to overcome the simplicity and instability of micron cantilever membrane structure, sacrificial layer technology and multi-layer heterogeneous material composite stacking technology were designated. Based on the research with respect to a multi-layer heterogeneous cantilever beam structure, multi-layer heterogeneous material composite, and sacrificial layer release craft, different characteristics of sacrificial layer material and film preparation craft were analyzed. According to these results, the suitable film preparation craft was generated to reduce the stress between materials and to improve the reliability and percentage of finished products. Our work put multi-layer material composite micro-cantilever beam structure into practice, and accelerated the manufacturing of a micro-acceleration sensor and vibration sensor in the future.
Soft Ionic Pressure Sensor with Aloe Vera Gel for Low-Pressure Applications
Authors: Sujeesh Vishnu , Ponraj Godwin , Ren Hongliang
Published: January 2022

Ionic pressure sensors are made of ionic compounds suspended in a suitable solvent mixture. When external pressure is exerted on them, it is reflected as a change in electrical parameters due to physical deformation and a redistribution of ions within the sensing medium. Variations in the composition and material of the sensing medium result in different pressure sensors with varying operating ranges and sensitivity. This work presents the design and fabrication procedure of a novel soft-pressure sensor for a very low-pressure range (<20 mm Hg) using Aloe vera gel and Glycerin as the solvent for the ionic sensing medium. We also provide a comparative study on the performance of sensor prototypes with varying solvent concentrations and geometric parameters based on a series of characterization experiments. Maximum sensitivity (7.498×10−4 Ω/mmHg) was observed when using 40% glycerin in the sensing medium, filled in a toroidal geometry with outer and inner channel diameters of 8 mm and 7 mm, respectively. The proposed sensor is entirely soft and can be designed to conform to any desired geometry.
A Red Fluorescent Protein Reporter System Developed for Measuring Gene Expression in Photosynthetic Bacteria under Anaerobic Conditions
Authors: Jiang Mingyue , Zeng Yan , Cui Lingwei , Wang Mengmei , Zheng Yanning
Published: January 2022

The photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris converts nitrogen gas (N2) to fertilizer ammonia (NH3) and also produces clean energy hydrogen gas (H2) from protons (H+) when it is grown anaerobically in nitrogen fixing medium with illumination, a condition that promotes the expression of active nitrogenase. Compared with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and the lacZ reporter system, two methods commonly used for in vivo study of nitrogenase regulation in photosynthetic bacteria, the fluorescent protein reporter system has advantages in terms of its simplicity and sensitivity. However, little is known concerning if the fluorescent protein reporter system can be used in bacterial cells that need to grow anaerobically. Here, we developed an RFP-based method to measure the nitrogenase gene expression in photosynthetic bacteria grown anaerobically. This method was able to determine the levels of both the genome-based and the plasmid-based nitrogenase expression under anaerobic conditions, providing a better method for in vivo study of gene expression affected by oxygen. The RFP reporter system developed here will promote a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of nitrogenase regulation and will be used on other genes of interest in a wider range of anaerobic bacteria.
The Anti-Adiposity Mechanisms of Ampelopsin and Vine Tea Extract in High Fat Diet and Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver Mouse Models
Authors: Wu Jianbo , Miyasaka Kenchi , Yamada Wakana , Takeda Shogo , Shimizu Norihito , Shimoda Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

Ampelopsis grossedentata (AG) is an ancient medicinal plant that is mainly distributed and used in southwest China. It exerts therapeutic effects, such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, reductions in blood pressure and cholesterol and hepatoprotective effects. Researchers in China recently reported the anti-obesity effects of AG extract in diet-induced obese mice and rats. To verify these findings, we herein investigated the effects of AG extract and its principal compound, ampelopsin, in high-fat diet (HFD)- and alcohol diet-fed mice, olive oil-loaded mice, and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The results obtained showed that AG extract and ampelopsin significantly suppressed increases in the weights of body, livers and abdominal fat and also up-regulated the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A in HFD-fed mice. In olive oil-loaded mice, AG extract and ampelopsin significantly attenuated increases in serum triglyceride (TG) levels. In differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, AG extract and ampelopsin promoted TG decomposition, which appeared to be attributed to the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase. In alcohol diet-fed mice, AG extract and ampelopsin reduced serum levels of ethanol, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and liver TG. An examination of metabolic enzyme expression patterns revealed that AG extract and ampelopsin mainly enhanced the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase and suppressed that of cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e1. In conclusion, AG extract and ampelopsin suppressed diet-induced intestinal fat accumulation and reduced the risk of fatty liver associated with HFD and alcohol consumption.
Digital Escape Rooms as Game-Based Learning Environments: A Study in Sex Education
Authors: von Kotzebue Lena , Zumbach Joerg , Brandlmayr Anna
Published: January 2022

Game-based learning is becoming increasingly popular in education. The playful experience especially promises a high degree of students’ motivation. In this research, we examine the influence of sequential scaffolding within a digital educational escape room game. Escape rooms are usually games where players have to escape from a room within a given time limit by completing different tasks and quests. Therefore, we developed an educational virtual escape room for biology classes, focusing on the topic of sex education. In an experiment, we modified this learning environment and developed two different conditions: in one escape room, scaffolding was implemented using sequential learning aids; in the other escape room, which was assigned to the control group, no additional learner support was provided. The main objective of this quantitative research is to measure the escape room’s impact on learning and cognitive load. In addition, motivation, flow experience and experience of immersion are analyzed. A comparison between the two escape rooms shows that additional scaffolding does not significantly increase cognitive load or have any effect on learning. Results show that motivation and knowledge acquisition can be successfully supported by using game-based learning with escape rooms.