bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphobiological and economically valuable fea- tures of samples from the modern collection of trititrigia (xTrititrigia cziczinii Tzvel.) MBG RAS.
Authors: Zavgorodny S. V. , Ivanova L. P. , Alenicheva A. D. , Shchuklina O. A. , Kvitko V. E. , Klimenkova I. N. , Soloviev A. A. , Upelniek V. P.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Trititrigia (×Trititrigia cziczinii Tzvel.) this is a new synthetic grain feed crop. The modern collection of the Department of Remote hybridization of the GBS RAS has more than 250 promising samples with a number of economically valuable features. The unique ability of trititrigia in one year to produce a stable yield of high-quality grain (3.0-3.2 t/ha) and nutritious green fodder (27.7-35.1 t/ha) allows us to recommend it for cultivation in regions with unfavorable cultivation conditions for grain crops. Promising samples should be used as donors of valuable traits in breeding for quality and adaptability in order to obtain modern high-quality and adaptive wheat varietiesMaterial and methods. The research was carried out in the Department of Remote Hybridization of the N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow region, village of Rozhdestveno) in 2008-2016. The objects of research were: promising long-term and grain-feed lines of trititrigia of the collection of MBG RAS. All samples of trititrigia were obtained in the department of distant hybridization in different years.Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the studied samples are stable lines with a characteristic feature for trititrigia to ripen from top to bottom, the ability to grow in one place for 2- 3 years under favorable conditions, as well as the ability to regenerate after harvesting for grain or mowing for green mass, unique for cultivated cereals. The studied samples have a productive bushi- ness of 8-20 stems per plant. The length of the main ear consistently exceeds the Moscow winter wheat standard 39 and averages 12-13 cm, in which 41 to 97 grains are formed. The grain yield in the competitive variety testing during the research was 3.2-4.1 t/ha, the mass of 1000 grains was 30.1-39.8 g. The Pamyati Lubimovoy variety, selected for a number of economically valuable characteris- tics, passed State registration and became the first trititrigia variety registered in the territory of the Russian Federation.
Effect of Thermal Treatment and Nickel-Salt Modification on the Catalytic Performance of the Illite-Kaolinite Clay from Bukittinggi of West Sumatra in Palm Oil Transesterification
Authors: Syukri  , Febiola Fifi , Rahmayeni  , Efdi Mai , Putri Yulia Eka , Septiani Upita
Published: May 2022

The effect of thermal and chemical modification on the catalytic performance of illite-kaolinite clay (obtained from Bukittinggi, West Sumatra) in the transesterification of palm oil was investigated. Characterization with XRD, XRF and FTIR indicated a slight change in the composition of the crystal phase and the Si/Al molar ratio after such clay was calcined at 450 °C. XRF measurements also confirm that after treatment with two nickel salts, the natural clay absorbs more nickel sulfate than nitrate, while temperature played an important role in increasing the performance of the clay in loading nickel about 2 times bigger at a higher temperature. All clay-based materials prepared in this study were tested for their catalytic activity and selectivity in the transesterification of palm oil to produce Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) using the previously reported procedure. Chemical modification of clay samples with nickel sulfate and nickel nitrate was found to increase the catalytic performance of the clay in producing FAME from 38 to about 60 % while thermally treated at 450 °C yielded slightly higher to about 67 %. In terms of selectivity, all clay-based catalysts in this study gave almost the same amount of saturated and unsaturated FAME
Registration of Relic Gravitational Waves using Low-Frequency Optical Resonance
Authors: Golyak Il.S. , Morozov A.N. , Fomin I.V.
Published: May 2022

The study centers around the possible existence of high-frequency relic gravitational waves, focuses on specialized gravitational antennas necessary for their registration, and proposes to use low-frequency optical resonance laser gravitational antennas. Within the study, we calculated the sensitivity of the Fabry --- Perot interferometer, which uses the phenomenon of low-frequency optical resonance, and obtained formulasto describe the radiation transmitted by the Fabry --- Perot interferometer and the spectral density of the response to the action of a gravitational wave. The study reveals the possibility of registering relic gravitational waves in the high-frequency part of the spectrum, and estimates the limiting sensitivity of a laser gravitational antenna. Findings of the research show that the main factor limiting the sensitivity of a laser gravitational antenna is photon noise. To reduce the contribution of photon noise, we propose to significantly reduce the power of laser radiation transmitted through the Fabry --- Perot interferometer, which can be achieved using low-frequency optical resonance. We estimated the required power of the radiation transmitted through the interferometer to achieve the limiting sensitivity of the laser gravitational antenna. The mathematical modeling confirmed the presence of low-frequency optical resonance in the high-frequency part of the radiation spectrum that passed through the Fabry --- Perot interferometer. We found that in the high-frequency region the resonant response exceeded by 2 orders of magnitude the non-resonant effect on the Fabry --- Perot interferometer
Kryzys gospodarczy 2007-2009: wyzwania dla corporate governance
Authors: Aluchna Maria
Published: May 2022

Doświadczenia kryzysów gospodarczych i skandali korporacyjnych mają duże znaczenie w procesie rozwoju systemów „corporate governance”. Choć załamania gospodarcze przynoszą wiele problemów społeczeństwom i negatywnie odbijają się na poziomie życia wielu ludzi, dla systemów ekonomicznych, przedsiębiorstw i instytucji są ważną lekcją w procesie usprawniania istniejących rozwiązań. Czasy kryzysowe są okresem oczyszczania, refleksji i zmiany kierunków rozwoju i przyczyniają się do stworzenia nowych regulacji czy standardów funkcjonowania w gospodarce. Wnioski z kryzysu z lat 2007-2009 przedstawione w artykule wskazują na konieczność wdrożenia wielu reform w zakresie nadzoru korporacyjnego.
Ryzyko nadużyć finansowych w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego
Authors: Kutera Małgorzata
Published: May 2022

W świetle kryzysu gospodarczego wzrasta ryzyko występowania celowych oszustw finansowych w działalności gospodarczej przedsiębiorstw. Mogą one przybierać różne formy: defraudacji majątku, oszukańczej sprawozdawczości finansowej, korupcji itd. Głównym celem opracowania jest prezentacja istoty nadużyć gospodarczych na tle ich różnorodnych klasyfikacji. Przedstawiono również podstawowe rodzaje przestępstw gospodarczych według aktualnie obowiązujących przepisów prawnych oraz przykładowe symptomy występowania nadużyć w przedsiębiorstwie.
Działalność komitetu audytu a wiarygodność sprawozdań finansowych w obliczu kryzysu
Authors: Gad Jacek
Published: May 2022

W opracowaniu przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące zadań komitetu audytu związanych z zapewnieniem wiarygodności sprawozdań finansowych. Szczególnie istotnym problemem jest odpowiedzialność rad nadzorczych, w tym członków komitetu audytu za zgodność sprawozdań finansowych z zapisami „Ustawy o rachunkowości”. W ramach artykułu zwrócono również uwagę na rolę, jaką pełnią członkowie komitetu audytu w procesie przepływu informacji między organami w spółce oraz między spółką a otoczeniem.
Nadzór korporacyjny banków w Polsce w okresie kryzysu finansowego
Authors: Słomka-Gołębiowska Agnieszka
Published: May 2022

Nadzór korporacyjny banków różni się od nadzoru nad spółkami niefinansowymi. Jak pokazuje obecny kryzys finansowy zaniechania w tym obszarze mogą wywołać skutki odczuwalne dla całej gospodarki. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest ocena praktyk nadzoru korporacyjnego stosowanych w sektorze bankowym w Polsce w latach 2007-2009 oraz przeanalizowanie, jakie standardy nadzoru korporacyjnego banków powinny zostać skorygowane, uzupełnione i/ lub efektywnej wdrażane. Z przeprowadzonego badania ankietowego wynika, że banki w Polsce stosowały się do rekomendacji ekspertów, w szczególności jeśli chodzi o praktyki działania rad nadzorczych. Do ich składu byli powoływani niezależni członkowie, którzy angażują się w pracę komitetów, usprawniających ich działania i wzmacniających ich pozycję. Rezultaty badania pokazują również, że występują ważne zagadnienia z zakresu nadzoru korporacyjnego banków, które ciągle wymagają poprawy. Należą do nich: system wynagrodzeń zarządów banków oraz niektóre procesy zarządzania ryzykiem.
Społeczne i kulturowe problemy nadzoru korporacyjnego w procesach zmian właścicielskich dokonywanych poprzez przejęcia i fuzje
Authors: Zając Czesław
Published: May 2022

W opracowaniu przedstawiono społeczne i kulturowe problemy nadzoru korporacyjnego (nadzoru właścicielskiego) występujące we wszystkich fazach procesu zmiany właścicielskiej przedsiębiorstwa, dokonywanej poprzez przejęcia i fuzje. Opisano treść charakter oraz skutki tego rodzaju problemów. Zaprezentowano autorski model rozwiązywania takich problemów, „zadedykowany” menedżerom jako propozycja metodyczna do wykorzystania przez nich w praktyce zarządzania.
Współczesne problemy oceny jakości nadzoru korporacyjnego
Authors: Golec Anna
Published: May 2022

Jednym z największych wyzwań współczesnych rynków finansowych jest efektywna ocena jakości rozwiązań w zakresie nadzoru korporacyjnego wdrożonych przez spółki, która napotyka na trzy znaczące grupy problemów, związane z: metodologią i wiarygodnością ratingów oraz odpowiedzialnością instytucji oceniających.
Społeczny odbiór pojęć korporacja, ład korporacyjny i kodeks dobrych praktyk wśród wybranej grupy studentów
Authors: Woźniak Jerzy W.
Published: May 2022

Niniejszy tekst powstał w oparciu o sondaż przeprowadzony wśród wybranej grupy 118 studentów Politechniki Łódzkiej. Problematyka sondażu nawiązywała do społecznego odbioru pojęć związanych z giełdą papierów wartościowych i wpływu tej organizacji rynkowej na kryzys gospodarczy roku 2008-2009.
Ekonomiczne i społeczne konsekwencje naruszania praw akcjonariuszy
Authors: Ignyś Agnieszka
Published: May 2022

Celem artykułu jest uwidocznienie znaczenia przestrzegania praw akcjonariuszy, w tym zwłaszcza akcjonariuszy mniejszościowych. Istota ta wynika głównie z negatywnych konsekwencji związanych z naruszaniem tych praw, które można podzielić na konsekwencje o charakterze ekonomicznym i społecznym. Najważniejsze z obu grup zostały przedstawione w artykule.
Canine Reproductive Disorders at Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati, India: A Retrospective Study from 2016 to 2021
Authors: Bhuyan M. , Baruti M. , Deka R. , Deka A. , Bappu H. Phunchu , Pachani S. , Das C.
Published: May 2022

Background: Study on the reproductive health of dogs is a matter of concern since it affects the existence of future generation. There are various reproductive ailments that may affect a dog in its lifetime. The present study was aimed to find out the incidence of different reproductive disorders in canine populations reported at the Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC), College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati, India in respect of breed, age, sex and season. Methods: The study was conducted on canine populations reported at the VCC, College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati, India during the period from 1/03/2016 to 28/02/2021. Clinical cases were grouped based on their breed, age, sex and the season and the type of various reproductive ailments and their incidence was worked out. Result: The overall incidence of reproductive disorders in dogs was 2.45%. Labradors had the maximum incidence of reproductive ailments (24.79%) followed by local breeds (17.52%) and the least was in Dachshund (2.56%). The animals under the age group 1.1 to 4.0 years appeared to have the highest incidence (47.86%) of reproductive ailments and the lowest (12.39%) was in 10.1 to 13.0 years of age group. The highest incidence of reproductive ailments was recorded in female dogs (96.15%). In canine population, summer resulted in higher (35.86%) incidence of reproductive disorders.
​Cross Genera Marker Transferability and Genetic Diversity Analysis in Elite Cultivars of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Choudhary K.B. , Pratap Aditya , Tomar Rakhi
Published: May 2022

Backgrounds: To increase the accessibility of molecular markers for germplasm evaluation, genetic analysis and new cultivar development in mung bean, cross genera transferability of microsatellites (SSR) was studied. Methods: Forty simple sequence repeat markers developed for adzuki bean were used to amplify genomic DNA extracted from 70 diverse elite cultivars of greengram. Result: All SSR markers (100%) generated repeatable and clear products, signifying a high genomic homology between two species of Vigna. Among the 40 amplified markers, only 11 (28%) were highly polymorphic in 70 diverse elite cultivars of greengram. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged between 0.64 to 0.88 with an average of 0.81, while number of alleles ranged with 6 to 12 with an average of 9.27 alleles per locus. The multiple locus amplification and high PIC values indicated the effectiveness of the transferable SSRs in mungbean. Cluster analysis based on UPGMA grouped the studied genotypes into eleven clusters. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.17 to 0.46 indicating the extent of transitional amount of genetic variability within the tested genotypes.
An Integrated Approach for Simultaneous Selection of Stable and High Yielding Genotypes in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)
Authors: Verma S.K. , Panwar R.K. , Gaur A.K. , Bisht Charu , Deep Harsh , Yadav Harikant , Chauhan Charupriya
Published: May 2022

Background: Lentil is a major rabi pulse crop and is known for its protein rich grains. It is important to develop area-specific high yielding varieties of lentil. Methods: The present study was conducted with 24 lentil genotypes grown at three different locations of Uttarakhand for two consecutive years 2018-19 and 2019-20. The average of sum of ranks (ASR) of parametric and non-parametric measures along with yield stability index was used in present study to identify the high yielding and stable lentil genotypes. Result: The pooled ANOVA revealed the presence of significant differences among genotypes, environments and G × E interaction effects. The ASR method in combination with YSI was found to be effective in identifying high yielding as well as stable genotypes. The genotypes PL 8, IPL 315, DPL 15 and PL 7 were found as most stable and high yielding genotypes.
Knowledge management and intellectual capital in the business model innovation of Costa Rican manufacturing firms
Authors: Alfaro-Ramos Alfredo Elías , Ferreras-Méndez José Luis
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of knowledge management and intellectual capital on the ability of companies to generate business model innovation. To evaluate the proposed hypotheses, we surveyed a final sample of 100 Costa Rican manufacturing companies and analyzed the data using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that knowledge management positively contributes to the development of business model innovations. Similarly, intellectual capital has a direct positive influence on business model innovation. However, the direct contribution intellectual capital depends on the adoption of practices that encourage knowledge management in companies
El rol de la biotecnología en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Garro-Monge Giovanni
Published: May 2022

La biotecnología es la aplicación de la ciencia y la tecnología a organismos vivos, así como a partes, productos y modelos para alterar materiales vivos o no vivos para la producción de conocimiento, bienes y servicios que benefician a la sociedad. Precisamente, esta rama de la ciencia fusiona dos de las áreas más relevantes que pueden proporcionar herramientas valiosas para ayudarnos a luchar contra la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2. Entre ellas se encuentran las aplicaciones de la biotecnología médica y vegetal para la creación de una vacuna contra el virus, donde diversas instituciones y empresas biotecnológicas a nivel mundial tales como Pfizer y Medicago presentan resultados prometedores que avanzan hacia fases preclínicas avanzadas. Aparte de esto, varias instituciones han utilizado técnicas biotecnológicas alternativas como la edición génica “CRISPR” para proporcionar una solución alternativa, como la Universidad de Stanford. Sin embargo, la pandemia también afectará la economía, área en la cual la biotecnología puede ser de utilidad para fomentar el desarrollo sostenible. Precisamente, a nivel nacional para Costa Rica, se estima que la pandemia tendrá el mayor impacto económico de la historia. Esto afectará particularmente al sector agrícola, un área donde la biotecnología ofrece soluciones prometedoras a través del asesoramiento técnico en plantas vitro, agroquímicos y el uso más eficiente y controlado de los recursos. En definitiva, hoy más que nunca es posible demostrar la importancia de la ciencia, la investigación y el desarrollo y la fusión con las tecnologías que ofrece la biotecnología para solucionar esta crisis sanitaria y económica mundial.
Agua potable e higiene y su relación con la propagación y letalidad por COVID-19
Authors: Mora-Alvarado Darner A. , Portuguez-Barquero Carlos F.
Published: May 2022

El presente estudio analiza los datos de UNICEF/OMS sobre cobertura con “agua potable gestionada en forma segura” (libre de contaminación fecal y sustancias químicas tóxicas) y la higiene. El propósito consiste en identificar, o no, la concordancia entre ambos indicadores y su relación con los casos confirmados, muertes y letalidad por “COVID-19” al 06/07/2020, patología generada por el nuevo coronavirus “SARS-CoV-2”. Para cumplir con este objetivo se analizaron los datos aportados por OMS/UNICEF, en el informe titulado “Progresos en Materia de Agua Potable, Saneamiento e Higiene 2017”. Los resultados demuestran un vínculo entre la falta de agua potable y la higiene en la transmisión del coronavirus, basado en un estudio de caso de la República de Perú y su comparación con México, Guatemala, Costa Rica y Ecuador, los cuáles son las pocas naciones latinoamericanas que aportaron datos a nivel mundial, en donde sólo 20 países (9,6%) reportaron datos. Una conclusión muy importante es que varios países reportaron datos menores de cobertura con agua potable que los valores de cobertura de higiene, lo que significa que una proporción de personas practican la higiene y el lavado de manos con agua no potable, favoreciendo así la propagación de este y otros virus. Por este motivo, se recomienda a los gobernantes de las naciones fomentar el incremento de población cubierta con agua de calidad potable, saneamiento e higiene, para mejorar la salud pública y la calidad de vida de sus ciudadanos.
Impacto de la promoción del lavado de manos en la incidencia de diarreas, en tiempos de pandemias por virus respiratorios en Costa Rica
Authors: Mora-Alvarado Darner A. , Rivera-Navarro Pablo César , Portuguez-Barquero Carlos F.
Published: May 2022

Se analiza el impacto de la higiene, o lavado de manos con agua potable y jabón, sobre las tasas anuales de incidencia de enfermedades diarreicas agudas (EDA), en tiempos de pandemias respiratorias causadas por el virus “AH1N1” en 2009 y el coronavirus “SARS-CoV-2” en el 2020. Se analizaron las tasas de incidencia de diarreas por 100.000 habitantes entre los años 2007 a 2020; aunado a esto, se identificaron las acciones de promoción de la higiene y lavado de manos, y se recolectaron las estimaciones de cobertura con agua para consumo humano por cañería, y la cobertura de población con agua de calidad potable. Los resultados indican que la promoción de la higiene y lavado de manos, utilizando agua potable y jabón, ha disminuido las tasas de incidencia de EDA/100.000 habitantes entre 2009 y 2020, alcanzando 56% en el periodo de la crisis sanitaria por “COVID-19”. Aunque la excelente cobertura con agua potable del país es fundamental para el lavado de manos, esta debe complementarse con la educación de la población, mediante acciones o programas de promoción de la higiene no se observan reducciones significativas en las incidencias de diarreas en los años después o antes de las respectivas pandemias. En conclusión, para reducir las enfermedades respiratorias y entéricas es fundamental la promoción de la higiene y el lavado de manos en forma persistente, tanto en años con o sin crisis sanitaria, es decir convertir el hábito de lavado de manos como una cultura en Costa Rica.
La enseñanza universitaria en tiempos de pandemia: el uso inapropiado de diapositivas y su impacto en la salud mental y el aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Casasola-Rivera Wilmer
Published: May 2022

Esta investigación se realiza a partir de un diseño exploratorio cualitativo. Se utiliza un cuestionario virtual en escala Likert como instrumento para recolectar datos. Los participantes son estudiantes universitarios. Las diapositivas son un recurso muy utilizado en la enseñanza para facilitar y potenciar el aprendizaje en los estudiantes. Sin embargo, el uso inadecuado de este recurso podría afectar el aprendizaje. El interés de la investigación se centró en documentar si la práctica docente de enfocar la clase virtual en la lectura textual de diapositivas tiene algún efecto sobre la salud mental y el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Se concluye que muchos estudiantes experimentan agotamiento mental, ansiedad, estrés, malestar emocional y desmotivación del aprendizaje cuando un profesor enfoca la clase para realizar recitales digitales a través de diapositivas cargadas de texto o, en el peor de los casos, desde un procesador de texto.
Evolución de la COVID-19 en Oceanía a noviembre 2021
Authors: Mora-Alvarado Darner A.
Published: May 2022

En este estudio se presenta la evolución de la COVID-19 en los 15 países de Oceanía al 14/11/2021. Para cumplir con el objetivo se analizaron las plataformas estadísticas virtuales disponibles, las cuales reportan los datos en tiempo real como la Encuesta de Salud Pública de Johns Hopkins denominada “Statista”, datosmacro.expansion.com y otros. Los resultados indican que el continente de Oceanía ha sido el menos afectado en la crisis sanitaria causada por el SARS-CoV2 al 14/11/2021, debido a sus fortalezas geográficas de países insulares y el poco contacto con las naciones -tierra adentro- de otros continentes; además de su baja densidad poblacional por Km2, de menos de 5 habitantes/Km2. No obstante, su poco avance en la vacunación contra la COVID-19 y la apertura al turismo podría provocar el incremento de casos de contagio y muertes debido a la COVID-19, para lo cual los pequeños países insulares -excepto Australia, Indonesia y Nueva Zelanda- tienen sistemas inadecuados de salud. Se recomienda que la Organización Mundial de la Salud, les dé seguimiento a estos “laboratorios vivientes de Oceanía”.
Sustaining Existing Social Protection Programmes During Crises: What Do We Know? How Can We Know More?
Authors: Slater Rachel
Published: May 2022

Research on social assistance in crisis situations has focused predominantly on how social assistance can flex in response to rapid-onset emergencies such as floods or hurricanes and to slower-onset shocks such as drought. This paper identifies a substantial knowledge gap – namely, our understanding of the ways in which existing, government-led programmes can be sustained during crises to ensure that households that were already poor and vulnerable before a crisis continue to be supported. The limited literature available focuses on climate- and natural environment-related shocks – far less attention is paid to other crises. Conflict-affected situations are a major gap, although there is an emerging body of evidence of the ways in which focus on adapting delivery mechanisms has allowed social assistance and other social protection programmes to be sustained throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper concludes that a better understanding of when, where and how existing programmes can be sustained during situations of violent conflict will help to ensure that poor and vulnerable households can be supported – either through government programmes or by enabling robust diagnosis of when efforts to sustaining existing programmes will be inadequate and an additional, external responses are required.
Interventions Aimed at Preventing, Detecting and Treating Malaria, TB and HIV in Nigeria
Authors: Ozano Kim
Published: May 2022

There is an abundance of available evidence on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing, detecting and treating malaria, TB and HIV in Nigeria. The evidence suggests that future interventions concerning these three diseases should focus on health systems strengthening, considering each of the 6 WHO building blocks. Therefore, this review is structured around the building blocks for each disease, This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
The Analysis of Corporate Crime in Indonesia’s Intellectual Property Laws
Authors: Weriansyah Aditya , Ramadani Alvin Prima
Published: May 2022

White-collar crime is a type of crime that involves a large number of individuals, is carried out in a structured, large-scale manner, and results in significantly greater losses than conventional crimes. Given the growing number of organizations, the potential for white-collar crime is currently reasonably high. Corporations are able to commit various crimes, particularly those motivated by profit, such as infringements on intellectual property rights. Given that many of today's intellectual property rights holders are corporations, corporations and intellectual property rights have a strong link. This is understandable given that firms have more resources and cash to invest in developing new products that can be protected by intellectual property rights. As a result of the tight relationship between intellectual property rights and corporations, the government must be aware of potential intellectual property rights violations committed by corporations. This article aims to see if the current set of intellectual property rights legislation can handle corporate crimes. The method employed in this research is a normative juridical method with a statutory approach to produce clear findings from the formulation of corporate crime under intellectual property rights regulations. The study's findings demonstrate how unprepared existing clusters of intellectual property regulations are to deal with prospective corporate criminal activities. The criteria and system of corporate responsibility, as well as alternative consequences for firms, are pretty minimum in these numerous statutes, starting with the framing of the issue of punishment. As a result, based on vicarious liability theory and the corporate culture model, this article proposes that corporations be recognized as punishable entities under all laws controlling intellectual property rights and the establishment of firm standards and corporate obligations. In addition, this study offers suggestions for the types and amounts of punishments that might be appropriate for corporations.
A Comparative Analysis of the Impeachment Procedures in Nigeria and Indonesia: A Need for a Paradigm Change
Authors: Anele Kalu Kingsley
Published: May 2022

Although impeachment as the outcome of constitutionalism is significant in good governance, narrow political affiliations, institutional corruption, and the absence of democratic tenets among politicians hamper its proper application in Nigeria and Indonesia. The impeachment in both countries reveals a weaponization of the process for parochial gains and there is a penchant for using the process to remove elected officials for personal and political reasons. This study comparatively analyzes the impeachment procedures in Nigeria and Indonesia to suggest measures to strengthen and safeguard the procedures from abuse. The methodology deployed in this study is essentially a desk review of both primary and secondary materials. Given the comparative analysis of the commonalities and variant impeachment procedures in Nigeria and Indonesia, the application of the constitutional provisions for impeachment in both countries remains fraught with neo-patrimonialism and narrow party considerations, exacerbated by corruption, selfish interests, and ulterior motives to be in power endlessly. Moreover, wieldy impeachment provisions and weak institutional regimes propagate the abuse of impeachment. Hence, public participation in the impeachment process, amendment of the impeachment provisions, appointment of judges by independent bodies, and the prosecution of corrupt politicians and judges by effectively implementing extant anti-corruption laws are some of the steps to suppress the abuse of impeachment in Nigeria and Indonesia. While these measures are vigorously implemented, the abuse of the impeachment procedures will be repressed.

KEYWORDS: Constitutionalism, Impeachment Procedures, Indonesia, Nigeria.
L’identification des levures et bactéries œnologiques par spectrométrie de masse de type MALDI-TOF
Authors: Vallet-Courbin Amélie , Lucas Marine , Dutilh Lucie , Miot-Sertier Cécile , Windholtz Sarah , Lucas Patrick , Masneuf-Pomarede Isabelle , Maupeu Julie
Published: May 2022

La spectrométrie de masse de type MALDI-TOF a été adaptée afin d’être utilisée comme outil innovant d’identification au niveau de l’espèce des levures et bactéries isolées d’échantillons variés (moûts, vins, boissons). L’analyse d’un grand nombre de clones permet d’apprécier la diversité des espèces de levures, bactéries acétiques et lactiques présentes dès les phases pré-fermentaires, au cours des fermentations, pendant l’élevage ou après conditionnement. Dans le cas d’altération de produits, cet outil innovant participera à une meilleure maitrise des risques microbiologiques.
Literacy Analysis of Information and Communication Technology for Vocational High School Teachers in Using Augmented Reality Media
Authors: Sukmawati Fatma , Majiri Nashniq Shah Bin
Published: May 2022

Information and communication technology (ICT) literacy is a fundamental skill that every educator must possess in the 21st century. This study looks at the category of ICT literacy levels of accounting teachers in vocational high schools. This research is quantitative descriptive. The research sample consisted of 35 accounting teachers at a vocational high school in Surakarta. Five categories were used to categorize the level of ICT literacy, while the aspects measured in ICT literacy comprised six domains: access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create, and communicate. Data were collected using the methods of observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Data obtained through questionnaires were then analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques with percentages. The results showed that the six aspects measured in each category, on average, were in the relatively good category, the level was quite good (40%), the level was good (22%), and the level was very good (20%). It explains that ICT literacy in utilizing augmented reality media combines the ability to access, intellectually, interpret, communicate, and new skills to effectively use information and communication technology.
CHARACTERIZATION OF (Mg0.6Zn0.4)TiO3 CERAMICS AS DIELECTRIC RESONATOR MATERIALS IN MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES
Authors: Maulana Ishak Syah Nanta , Ermawati Frida Ulfah
Published: May 2022

Ceramics based on magnesium titanate (MgTiO3) are dielectric materials that have the potential to be used in telecommunications systems at microwave frequencies, such as filters, antennas, and signal generators. This study aims to characterize the resonant frequency and output power of (Mg0.6Zn0.4)TiO3 ceramics (abbreviated MZT04) as a dielectric resonator (DR) material in a DRO circuit and relate it to the structure, microstructure, and bulk density data of the ceramics. The MZT04 ceramics were fabricated by compacting MZT04 powder at a pressure of 2.5 MPa using a cylindrical die press of 5 mm in diameter to become pellets with the same diameter. The pellets were sintered at 1300 ℃ by varying holding time for 6, 8, and 10 h to become ceramics. Data on the structure of the ceramics were obtained from the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern with Cu-Kα radiation which showed that the three ceramics contained MgTiO3 phase, each 87.02; 90.55; and 87.40 % molar, the rest % is MgO and TiO2 rutile phases. The increase in sinter holding time has increased the unit cell volume of the MgTiO3 phase from (307.94), (308.61), to (308.94) Å3; the size of the lattice parameters (a=b, c) also increased from (5.057, 13.903) Å, (5.058, 13.903) Å, to (5.061, 13.914) Å; like wise, the bulk density increased from 2.51, 2.82, and 3.04 g/cm3. As a DR material, the three ceramics exhibit a resonant frequency signal each at 5.20; 5.21; and 5.22 GHz with the output power of -19.70; -14.47; -15.70 dBm, and the FWHM of the signal is 59.3; 61.6; and 61.2 MHz. Therefore, MZT04 ceramics can be applied as the DR material in microwave frequencies, especially at ~5.20 GHz. The variations in sinter holding time is not significant effect on the position of the resonant frequency.
Effect of Massage on treatment of preterm feeding intolerance: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Peng Nan , Fu Lizhen , Li Rui , Liang Xiaohua , Lu Qi
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Feeding intolerance (FI) is a common neonatal disease, which may badly influence infants’ health. According to previous study, massage could prevent preterm feeding intolerance, promote maturation of gastrointestinal function and weight gain, but rarely used as an adjuvant treatment of feeding intolerance. This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of massage on treatment of FI.Method: The randomized controlled trial is to be conducted in Chongqing, China. 104 preterm infants whose gestational age between 28-34 weeks and birth weight between 1000g-2000g with diagnosis of feeding intolerance will be involved in the study. Participants will be stratified by birth weight (1000-1499g or 1500-2000g), and randomized to either the intervention group, who will receive massage twice a day for 7 days on the basis of routine treatment, or the control group, who will not receive any intervention except for routine treatment. Researchers blinding to group allocation will be maintained. Primary outcomes include the time from the initiation of enteral nutrition to total enteral nutrition. Secondary outcomes include duration of vomiting and abdominal distension(day), gastric residual volume, weight gain, change of length and head circumference during hospitalization, length of hospital stay (day), change of abdomen circumference（cm）, duration of diarrhea. Data will be collected in CRFs, and analyzed after data for the entire sample has been collected.Discussion: This study has the potential to provide evidence to inform that massage will improve feeding tolerance, growth and development as well as metabolism of body. This will enable us to develop a convenient and efficient way for curing preterm feeding intolerance, and improve infants’ long-term health outcomes.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100045033, Registered on 3rd April 2021
Distributions, compositions, and ecological risk assessment of typical pollutants in surface sediment of Xihe River, China
Authors: Sun Xun , Yan Zheng , Ke Xin
Published: May 2022

Distributions and compositions of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs), eight phenol compounds and seven heavy metals in riverbed sediments of the Xihe River in Shenyang, China. The ecological risks of these typical pollutants were investigated and evaluated based on the risk quotient (RQ) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) methods. The concentrations of total ∑6PAEs, ∑8phenols and ∑7heavy metals in sediments varied from 92.83 to 293.66 µg/g dw, 8.87 to 83.73 µg/g dw and 0.46 to 419µg/g dw. The main pollutants in Xihe River sediments are DEHP, DIBP, phenol, P-methylphenol and Cd. More than half target PAEs and phenol compounds in sediment of the Xihe River exhibited medium or high ecological risk. Cd poses a very high ecological risk to the Xihe River Basin. It is imperative to take some effective measures to reduce the pollution of those contaminants.
CD73 molecule inhibitor upregulates miR16 expression in experimental glioblastoma and inhibits angiogenesis by targeting VEGF
Authors: Arab Samaneh , Ghasemi Sahar , Bahraminasab Marjan , Ghanbari Ali , Heidari Mina , Kokhaei Parviz , Asgharzade Samira
Published: May 2022

The function of CD73 (cluster of differentiation 73), an enzyme that is involved in adenosine (ADO) generation, in glioblastoma development has been demonstrated. However, the details of its molecular mechanisms have not been fully realized. Due to the significance of angiogenesis in cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis, in this study, it was intended to evaluate the impact of CD73 inhibition by adenosine 5′-(α, β-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) on the angiogenesis process of experimental orthotopic glioblastoma at mRNAs, microRNAs, and proteins levels. According to the real time-poly chine reaction (RT-PCR) findings, CD73 inhibition decreased glioblastoma angiogenesis by reducing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) expression. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining showed that this treatment protocol attenuated the expression of VEGF and CD31. Moreover, APCP treatment in the glioblastoma model rats significantly increased miR-16 expression, but no significant change in expression in miR-29A was observed. The results identified that the treatment did not induce systemic damage or significant body weight loss. Our findings indicate that CD73 inhibition can diminish tumor new vessel generation by inhibiting the molecules involved in this process, thereby CD73 may be a practical target and provide novel opportunities for improving the treatment of malignant brain tumors.
High mesothelin expression is correlated with non-squamous cell histology and poor survival in cervical cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Takamizawa Shigemasa , Yazaki Shu , Kojima Yuki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kitadai Rui , Nishikawa Tadaaki , Shimoi Tatsunori , Sudo Kazuki , Okuma Hitomi Sumiyoshi , Tanioka Maki , Noguchi Emi , Uno Masaya , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Kato Tomoyasu , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Yonemori Kan
Published: May 2022

Background: Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell-surface glycoprotein found in various solid tumors. Cancer therapies targeting MSLN have been developed in recent years; however, the available information on MSLN expression in cervical cancer is limited. This study aimed to evaluate MSLN expression in various histological types of cervical cancer and examine its relationship with prognosis.Methods: This retrospective study included patients with cervical cancer who underwent primary surgery between January 2000 and December 2020 at our institution. MSLN expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using clone SP74 and defined as positive if MSLN was expressed at any intensity. High MSLN expression was defined as an intensity of ≥ 2+ in ≥ 30% of tumor cells. The association between MSLN expression and clinicopathological factors was evaluated.Results: Overall, 123 patients were identified, and 140 tumor samples, including 17 paired primary and metastatic samples, were evaluated. Concerning histological type, 67 patients had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), whereas 56 had non-SCC. MSLN expression was observed in 98.4% (121/123) of primary tumors. High MSLN expression was observed in 63.4% of samples (78/123), but it differed between the histological types (49.2% for SCC vs. 80.4% for non-SCC, p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between MSLN expression in primary and metastatic lesions (Rs = 0.557, p = 0.015). In patients with common histological types, overall survival (OS) was shorter in the high MSLN expression group than in the low MSLN expression group (hazard ratio, 3.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–15.3, p = 0.03).Conclusions: MSLN was highly expressed in patients with cervical cancer, especially in those with non-SCC. High MSLN expression in the primary lesion was significantly associated with poor OS, and its expression was maintained in metastatic lesions. Our findings indicate that MSLN may be an attractive therapeutic target for cervical cancer.Trial registration: retrospectively registered
First Peoples and scientists concur that ‘fairy circles’ are termite linyji
Authors: Walsh Fiona , Kendrick Peter , Evans Theo , Moore Danae , Nelson Matilda , Oldham Carolyn , Schofield Josef , Sparrow Ashley , experts Martu elders and experts Martu elders and
Published: May 2022

Scientists aspire to ‘discover’ new environmental phenomena; they rarely consider the existing knowledge of First Peoples. The scientific debate1 over ‘fairy circles’ (regular bare patches within arid grasslands) is a case in point. Ecologists visiting Australia used brief field observations and numerical modelling to explain ‘fairy circles’ as plants responding to dispersion of water and nutrients2,3. By contrast, Australian Aboriginal people have long understood the bare patches to be created by termites. They have used linyji (Manyjilyjarra language) in their food economies and for other domestic or sacred purposes. They transfer intergenerational knowledge of termite ecology through talk and demonstration, art and song. Aboriginal art and narratives, and scientific field measurements confirm Aboriginal knowledge that ‘fairy circles’ are pavement-nests occupied by harvester termites. Aboriginal people’s observations and uses of termites and pavements are sophisticated; linyji are real, ‘fairy circles’ are not. Some scientists are not familiar with First Peoples or their knowledge systems. However, embracing First Peoples and their knowledge can provide a deeper understanding of ecological systems than is possible from short visits to landscapes. Co-research between First Peoples and scientists leads to better understanding and management of ecological systems and supports intergenerational learning across diverse cultures.
Obliquity-paced Antarctic ice-volume fluctuations during the late Oligocene
Authors: Brzelinski Swaantje , Bornemann André , Liebrand Diederik , Peer Tim van , Wilson Paul , Friedrich Oliver
Published: May 2022

The late Oligocene (~27.8–23 My ago) offers an opportunity to study past climate variability under high CO2 warmer-than-present conditions with Antarctic-only ice sheets (AIS) involved. Here, we present new high-resolution geochemical records from exquisitely well-preserved benthic foraminifera recovered from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean for the late Oligocene, when AIS size and stability are debated. We report deep-sea temperature and Antarctic ice-volume changes showing four glacial-interglacial ~40-thousand-year cycles paced by obliquity. Our records indicate changes in ice volume of up to ~19 ± 9.5 ×106 km3 of ice, equivalent to 70 % of the modern AIS. Ice-volume estimates for late Oligocene interglacials are small enough to be comfortably accommodated by a wholly land-based AIS but, for three of the four glacials studied, ice sheets likely advanced beyond the Antarctic coastline onto the continental shelves, introducing ocean-warming as a driving mechanism of rapid ice-sheet melting. The amplitude of ice-volume change during these late Oligocene glacial-interglacial cycles are comparable to those of the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene when glacial-interglacial cycles were strongly influenced by the advance and retreat of northern hemisphere ice sheets. Our findings demonstrate that, under late Oligocene warmer-than-present climate conditions, the AIS was vulnerable to melting driven by both bottom-up (ocean) and top-down (atmospheric) warming.
Tumour mutations in long noncoding RNAs enhance cell fitness
Authors: Esposito Roberta , Lanzós Andrés , Polidori Taisia , Guillen-Ramirez Hugo , Merlin Bernard Mefi , Mela Lia , Zoni Eugenio , Büchi Isabel , Hovhannisyan Lusine , McCluggage Finn , Medo Matus , Basile Giulia , Meise Dominik , Ramnarayanan Sunandini , Zwyssig Sandra , Wenger Corina , Schwarz Kyriakos , Vancura Adrienne , Bosch-Guiteras Núria , Julio Marianna Kruithof-de , Zimmer Yitzhak , Medová Michaela , Stroka Deborah , Fox Archa , Johnson Rory
Published: May 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can act as tumour suppressor or oncogenes to contrast/promote tumour cell proliferation via RNA-dependent mechanisms. Recently, genome sequencing has identified elevated densities of tumour somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in lncRNA genes. However, this has been attributed to phenotypically-neutral “passenger” processes, and the existence of positively-selected fitness-altering “driver” SNVs acting via lncRNAs has not been addressed. We developed and used ExInAtor2, an improved driver-discovery pipeline, to map pancancer and cancer-specific mutated lncRNAs across an extensive cohort of 2583 primary and 3527 metastatic tumours. The 54 resulting lncRNAs are mostly linked to cancer for the first time. Their significance is supported by a range of clinical and genomic evidence, and display oncogenic potential when experimentally expressed in matched tumour models. Our results revealed a striking SNV hotspot in the iconic NEAT1 oncogene, which was ascribed by previous studies to passenger processes. To directly evaluate the functional significance of NEAT1 SNVs, we used in cellulo mutagenesis to introduce tumour-like mutations in the gene and observed a consequent increase in cell proliferation in both transformed and normal backgrounds. Mechanistic analyses revealed that SNVs alter NEAT1 ribonucleoprotein assembly and boost subnuclear paraspeckles. This is the first experimental evidence that mutated lncRNAs can contribute to the pathological fitness of tumour cells.
Capitalization - profitability nexus: Applicability of capital theories in banking sector of BRICS Countries
Authors: Singhal Nikita , Goyal Shikha , Kumari Sapna , Fatima Humaira , Nagar Shweta
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research is to assess the nexus between capitalization and profitability in context of prevailing five theories of capitalization and profitability nexus. For testing the prevalence of capital theories in the banking sectors of the BRICS, the ARDL and VECM/VAR Granger causality tests are used in panel and individual setting on the data of BRICs banking sector from 2000 to 2020. Long-term empirical findings of the study corroborate the signalling theory and the bankruptcy cost hypothesis for the BRICS, Brazil, Russia, and India. While capitalization appears to have a significant negative impact on profitability in China and South Africa, this supports the agency theory. Profitability appears to have a significant favourable impact on capitalization in the long run, consistent with pecking order theory of Myers and Majluf (1984) theory for BRICS and Brazil. Profitability has a negative impact on capitalization in India and South Africa, confirming the findings of Modigliani and Miller (1958), and Miller (1977). The short-term estimation results are similar to the long-run results, although the significance is lower in most cases. The short-run and long-run assessments of the interrelationship between capital and profitability are especially important for the development of "macroprudential" measures.