bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Tragedy
Authors: Joseph-Gabriel Annette K.
Published: July 2022

This study explores the relationship between past and future in neo-slave narratives that feature Black girl protagonists. Marlon James’s The Book of Night Women tells the story of six enslaved women and their youngest recruit Lilith, as they organize a slave revolt in Jamaica at the end of the eighteenth century. In Rosalie l’infâme, Evelyne Trouillot traces the legacy of women’s resistance in Saint Domingue through the eyes of her young protagonist Lisette in this same period. James and Trouillot examine Black girls’ coming of age through collective intergenerational acts of resistance that reappear throughout their texts as a cyclical and irreversible momentum toward freedom. This narrative framing challenges retrospective readings of slave revolts as always doomed to failure and encourages readers to reflect on the possibilities that each of these moments held, to create new futures by destabilizing the foundational laws of slave societies.
La Reina de la Fusión
Authors: Quinn Rachel Afi
Published: July 2022

Afro-Dominican singer-songwriter Xiomara Fortuna has enjoyed a career that spanned more than four decades and shaped the work of a new generation of Dominican musicians. In March 2017 she was bestowed a presidential award of honor and she accepted it barefoot, making a clear statement about her values and where she sees herself fitting in Dominican society. Drawn from three separate interviews conducted with Fortuna in Santo Domingo in July 2016, augmented by her extensive internet archive, this article frames a transcribed and translated testimonio that captures some of Fortuna’s experiences while coming of age in the Dominican Republic in the late twentieth century. While much of Dominican society’s African cultural history has been actively obscured by the ruling class, Fortuna has long celebrated Afro-Dominican culture through her life’s work and her identity has shaped how she has navigated a neoliberal society as a black artist. Her insights provide an essential piece of Dominican historiography that includes Dominican youth organizing on the Left in the 1980s and 1990s, feminist activism, and cultural production.
Signifying Sistas
Authors: Bailey Constance
Published: July 2022

This article explores the evolution of Black women’s humor from its historic origins to its contemporary manifestations. The author argues that Black women humorists, including Zora Neale Hurston, the Queens of Comedy, and comediennes on A Black Lady Sketch Show, interrogate the daily and varied oppressions that Black women face. In doing so, they reveal not only the intersectional nature of Black female comedy but also the previously unexplored political aspects of Black women’s humor.
Apologizing to Chavers
Authors: Williams Jennifer
Published: July 2022

On social media platforms such as Twitter and Instagram, Black women create counternarratives to reclaim ownership of their representation from the anti-Black and misogynistic mainstream media. One example of their efforts is the proliferation of the hashtag #Blackgirlmagic, which has become a device to herald Black women’s unseen accomplishments. When Black femme social media users employ #Blackgirlmagic, they feel a sense of control over their imagery, which contributes to the hashtag’s value as a political product. However, the technology underlying #Blackgirlmagic is bound to corporate missions and deliberate algorithmic limitations. This coupling of neoliberal capitalist interests and Black femme liberatory politics causes the author to pause and interrogate the political and cultural efficacy of the hashtag. With an Afrofuturist womanist framework, the author examines the vitriolic responses by #Blackgirlmagic adherents to Linda Chavers’s 2016 article, “Here’s My Problem with #Blackgirlmagic: Black Girls Aren’t Magic. We’re Human.” The author argues that these #Blackgirlmagic online adherents demonstrate the conflict between liberating Black femme imagery and the self-commodification of Black womanhood via industrialized content creation. The marketability of the current iteration of #Blackgirlmagic diminishes the possibility of radical digital praxes such as protecting and holding virtual space for unpalatable and unprofitable Black femme affective performances.
An Intersectional Approach to Interrogating Rights
Authors: Womack Malia Lee
Published: July 2022

The United States does not meet global human rights standards regarding economic, social, and cultural rights. In 1994 the United States ratified the United Nations core anti-racism treaty, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD). However, the United States still does not fully comply with the multilateral agreement. Malia Lee Womack explores the United States’ poor compliance with the treaty’s protections concerning 1) Black women’s economic, social, and cultural rights (regarding housing, education, and health) and 2) concerning the U.S. prison industrial complex (its “school to prison pipeline,” discriminatory sentencing practices, as well as police and prison workers’ violence against women). The author applies intersectional theory developed by Black feminists to UN Working Group reports, ICERD’s shadow reports, and ICERD’s monitoring body’s reports to reveal how Black women experience racism differently than men and other racial groups. ICERD implementation strategies must include Black women’s intersectional needs which are often marginalized in anti-racism strategies. This article documents how Black women experience compounded and interrelated forms of oppression due to their intersectional identities. Homogenizing people of color cannot effectively address each group’s specific needs concerning U.S. lack of compliance with ICERD (despite some similarities in their experiences). Therefore, the author focuses on one collective identity (Black women) yet also recognizes that other collective identities deserve attention.
An integrated atlas of human placental development delineates essential regulators of trophoblast stem cells
Authors: Chen Yutong , Siriwardena Dylan , Penfold Christopher , Pavlinek Adam , Boroviak Thorsten E.
Published: July 2022

The trophoblast lineage safeguards fetal development by mediating embryo implantation, immune tolerance, nutritional supply and gas exchange. Human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) provide a platform to study lineage specification of placental tissues; however, the regulatory network controlling self-renewal remains elusive. Here, we present a single-cell atlas of human trophoblast development from zygote to mid-gestation together with single-cell profiling of hTSCs. We determine the transcriptional networks of trophoblast lineages in vivo and leverage probabilistic modelling to identify a role for MAPK signalling in trophoblast differentiation. Placenta- and blastoid-derived hTSCs consistently map between late trophectoderm and early cytotrophoblast, in contrast to blastoid-trophoblast, which correspond to trophectoderm. We functionally assess the requirement of the predicted cytotrophoblast network in an siRNA-screen and reveal 15 essential regulators for hTSC self-renewal, including MAZ, NFE2L3, TFAP2C, NR2F2 and CTNNB1. Our human trophoblast atlas provides a powerful analytical resource to delineate trophoblast cell fate acquisition, to elucidate transcription factors required for hTSC self-renewal and to gauge the developmental stage of in vitro cultured cells.
The Trypanosoma brucei RNA-binding protein DRBD18 ensures correct mRNA trans splicing and polyadenylation patterns
Authors: Bishola Tshitenge Tania , Clayton Christine
Published: July 2022

The parasite Trypanosoma brucei grows as bloodstream forms in mammals, and as procyclic forms in tsetse flies. Transcription is polycistronic, all mRNAs are trans spliced, and polyadenylation sites are defined by downstream splicing signals. Expression regulation therefore depends heavily on post-transcriptional mechanisms. The RNA-binding protein DRBD18 was previously implicated in the export of some mRNAs from the nucleus in procyclic forms. It copurifies the outer ring of the nuclear pore, mRNA export factors and exon-junction-complex proteins. We show that for more than 200 mRNAs, DRBD18 depletion caused preferential accumulation of versions with shortened 3′-untranslated regions, arising from use of polyadenylation sites that were either undetectable or rarely seen in nondepleted cells. The shortened mRNAs were often, but not always, more abundant in depleted cells than the corresponding longer versions in normal cells. Their appearance was linked to the appearance of trans-spliced, polyadenylated RNAs containing only downstream 3′-untranslated region-derived sequences. Experiments with one mRNA suggested that nuclear retention alone, through depletion of MEX67, did not affect mRNA length, suggesting a specific effect of DRBD18 on processing. DRBD18-bound mRNAs were enriched in polypyrimidine tract motifs, and DRBD18 was found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. We therefore suggest that in the nucleus, DRBD18 might bind to polypyrimidine tracts in 3′-UTRs of mRNA precursors. Such binding might both prevent recognition of mRNA-internal polypyrimidine tracts by splicing factors, and promote export of the processed bound mRNAs to the cytosol.
Διεθνές Συνέδριο με θέμα «Εκπαίδευση στον 21ο αιώνα: Σύγχρονες προκλήσεις και προβληματισμοί»
Authors: Σούλης Σπυρίδων - Γεώργιος
Published: July 2022

Διεθνές Συνέδριο με θέμα «Εκπαίδευση στον 21ο αιώνα: Σύγχρονες προκλήσεις και προβληματισμοί»
Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type-2 among pregnant women in Wad Madani-Sudan: a cross sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Hind , Abbu Nuha , Saeed Samar , Abdalla Wafaa , MohammedSalih Kawthar , Abd Alla Ahmed , Hashim Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases are known to pose a significant public health threat. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a viral infection with high prevalence in Sudan, particularly among pregnant women. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HSV-2 among pregnant women as well as their associated potential risk factors in Wad Madani-Sudan.

Methods: In total, 92 pregnant women who attended the Maternity Hospital and Dr. Altigani Sedeeg Fertility Center at Wad Madani, AL-Gezira State, between April and August 2018 were included in this study. HSV-2 Immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) were assayed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.

Results: The seroprevalence of HSV-2 IgM and IgG were 35(38%) and 90(97.8%), respectively. A Higher prevalence of HSV-2 IgG 45(48.9%) and 13(14.1%) for IgM was detected in pregnant women aged 15-24 years old with a significant association between HSV-2 IgM and age distribution group (p-value=0.001).  HSV-2 IgM and IgG seropositivity were highest in the first trimester; 26(34.2%), and 75(81.5%), respectively. The highest rate of HSV-2 IgM was detected in 19 (20.7%) women with a history of abortion, while the highest rate of HSV-2 IgG was seen in 50 (54.3%) women without a history of abortion. The statistical analysis results did not reveal significant differences between gestational stages and history of abortion with the presence of HSV-2 antibodies.

Conclusion: The prevalence of HSV-2 was significant among pregnant women in Wad Madani- Sudan. There was a strong association between HSV-2 IgM seropositivity and the age of pregnant women.
Dengue and SARS-COV-2 co-infection in pregnancy: decision making dilemma
Authors: Wijesinghe Vindya , Senadeera Diluk , Piyadigama Indunil , Nanayakkara Sriyani
Published: July 2022

Background: Dengue virus (DENV) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) are two viral illnesses that require very distinct management protocols. Missed diagnosis and under reporting of DENV is predicted due to COVID-19 pandemic. Pregnancy is associated with increased fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality due to both illnesses. Co-infection need to be reported and studied to optimize the outcomes.

Methods: This is a retrospective study on pregnant patients with COVID-19 and DENV co-infection conducted from the medical records from 1st of April 2021 to 1st of September 2021.

Results: In this series four patients are described. Patient 1 is a diagnosed patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura who was in remission. She developed DENV infection during recovery of SARS-CoV-2. She received intensive care unit (ICU) care during the leaking phase. Patient 2 had an uncomplicated miscarriage during the co-infection. Patient 3 was a patient with advanced maternal age with multiple co-morbidities. She did not progress into the leaking phase. Diagnosis of DENV was missed in patient 4 and she had a fetal death.

Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 and DENV co-infection in pregnancy can be life threatening to the mother and can lead to adverse fatal outcomes. Timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are essential for better outcomes. Continuous data collection and reporting is advisable till the guidance is formed.
MAFDash: An easy-to-use dashboard builder for mutation data
Authors: Jain Ashish , Tandon Mayank
Published: July 2022

Characterizing the somatic mutation landscape of a cohort of patients has become a routine task in cancer research in recent years. Such studies are often highly interdisciplinary, requiring iterative analysis that must be evaluated at each step by many researchers. Therefore, there is a growing need for reporting tools that can easily generate interactive reports for sharing data and results with collaborators. Here we present an R package, MAFDash, that tries to simplify summarization and visualization of mutation data from Mutation Annotation Format (MAF) files. The output HTML dashboard is a self-contained report that can be used for downstream analysis and sharing results. MAFDash is freely available on Github (https://github.com/CCBR/MAFDash).
Use of a novel flipped classroom intervention to increase medical students’ knowledge of physical activity guidelines
Authors: Gilbert Georgia , Sharland Emma , Harper Alice M , Fawkner Samantha G , Kelly Paul , Harden Jeni , Osborne Scott Alexander , Adams Jacob Matthew
Published: July 2022

Background: It is important medical students, as tomorrow’s doctors, have knowledge of physical activity (PA) guidelines. Previous data suggests only 14.9% of medical students knew adult PA guidelines. This study aimed to assess how a novel flipped classroom intervention impacted undergraduate medical students’ knowledge of PA guidelines and their confidence applying these in clinical practice.

Methods and Results: This study utilised a prospective repeat measures quantitative design to evaluate the educational intervention. Survey results of the intervention group were compared to the comparison group. 45% of students who received the intervention knew adult guidelines, compared to 12% of students who did not receive the intervention (χ²(2, N = 244) = 33.07, p < 0.001). 39% of the intervention group knew child guidelines, compared to 20% who did not receive the intervention (χ²(2, N = 244) = 10.59, p = 0.001). The intervention group felt more confident in PA training and asked for less PA training in the future.

Conclusion: The results suggest a flipped classroom intervention had a positive impact on medical students’ knowledge of PA guidelines, and confidence in PA training. Further research is required to assess longer-term impacts of this teaching and follow-up the same year group pre- and post-intervention.
Virtual peer teaching in the gross anatomy lab: a format of peer teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hielscher Abigail C. , Everse Stephen
Published: July 2022

Background: Peer teaching is a powerful educational tool utilized in medical school curricula. Previously, first year medical students taught their peers about the gross anatomical structures they had dissected in the anatomy lab. While this strategy provided an opportunity for students to learn from one another, there were unintended outcomes including difficulty engaging all students. Considering these observations, along with needing to limit student numbers in the lab due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a strategy was developed where students could conduct their anatomy peer teaching in a virtual environment. The goal was to establish an effective and efficient means for students to teach and learn from one another virtually.

Methods: Students, working in groups of four, were tasked to: 1) Find and label 4-5 assigned structures on cadaver-based images; 2) Provide a rationale for labeling; 3) Discuss something relevant about the structure; 4) Prepare a 5-minute video presentation of steps 1-3; and 5) Review and provide meaningful feedback on another group’s presentation. Student performance on virtual peer teaching assignments was evaluated using a structured rubric and grades were weighted based on two separate faculty assessments.  Student feedback was obtained via discussions with the course director, a semi-structured 1-hour virtual focus interview and from course evaluation data.

Results: While students performed well on these assignments, feedback from students indicated several drawbacks such as excess time editing their videos, concerns about the validity of information provided by their peers, and the timing of peer teaching to be non-conducive to learning.

Conclusions: Although the students viewed the virtual peer teaching negatively, we were successful in developing a platform in which students participated more equally in peer teaching. Recommendations to those considering this platform include careful consideration of timing of peer teaching activities and faculty feedback as well as technology used.
The Contribution of Perceived Value to the Intention to Purchase Electric Motorcycles
Authors:   Dept. of Shariah Management and Accounting, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta, Indonesia, Astuti Septin Puji , Susanti Esti ,   Center for Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta, Indonesia
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Gasoline-fueled motorcycles predominate as private vehicles worldwide. The high number of motorized vehicles running on fossil fuels contributes to air pollution and hence to the destruction of the environment and of human health. This has given rise to alternative vehicles such as electric cars and motorcycles—a market which Indonesia, with its high market share of motorcycles, ought to understand better. Consumer behavior related to electric motorcycles ought to be investigated to boost adherence to this type of vehicle. This study aims to evaluate the intention of residents of Surakarta, an Indonesian city with a dynamic market, to purchase electric motorcycles. The two independent variables implemented are perceived value and age, and respondents number 184, selected through cluster sampling to represent Surakarta’s population. The study employs ordinal logistic regression, as the response variable at hand is ordinal. Results show that age and perceived value influenced the intention to purchase electric motorcycles in Surakarta. Especially based on our young and middle-aged respondents, we can conclude that as perceived value increased, so did the probability of the intention to buy an electric motorcycle. Keywords: Electric motorcycle, electric vehicle, perceived value, intention to purchase, green transportation
Risks associated with the development process of in-house information system projects
Authors: Yu Chia-Ping , Lin Wan-Ying
Published: July 2022

To provide a risk management perspective for managers responsible for in-house project development, we investigated how the risks associated with an in-house information system (IS) project evolve during the software development process. We conducted interviews and content analysis to examine the risks that affect project delivery quality. Three companies participated in this research. The results of this study indicate that risks related to organizational structure persist throughout the software development process. Content analysis indicated that in the conducted interviews, sentences regarding task- and actor-related risks characterized the first two phases of this process, and sentences regarding technology-related risks characterized the last two (third and fourth) phases. The results also suggest that different types of risks exert pressure on in-house project teams to reassess the weaknesses and resource allocation in a project and the possible solutions to any potential problems. This research explains risk dynamics throughout the life cycle of in-house IS development. Moreover, the findings of this study can help project managers identify the risks associated with the project development process that directly affect the project results.
Online Personalized Assortment Optimization with High-Dimensional Customer Contextual Data
Authors: Miao Sentao , Chao Xiuli
Published: July 2022

Problem definition: Consider an online personalized assortment optimization problem in which customers arrive sequentially and make their decisions (e.g., click an ad, purchase a product) following the multinomial logit choice model with unknown parameters. Utilizing a customer’s personal information that is high-dimensional, the firm selects an assortment tailored for each individual customer’s preference. Academic/practical relevance: High dimensionality of a customer’s contextual information is prevalent in real applications, and it creates tremendous computational challenge in online personalized optimization. Methodology: In this paper, an efficient learning algorithm is developed to tackle the computational complexity issue while maintaining satisfactory performance. The algorithm first applies a random projection for dimension reduction and incorporates an online convex optimization procedure for parameter estimation, thus overcoming the issue of linearly increasing computational requirement as data accumulates. Then, it integrates the upper confidence bound method to balance the exploration and revenue exploitation. Results: The theoretical performance of the algorithm in terms of regret is derived under some plausible sparsity assumption on personal information that is observed in real data, and numerical experiments using both synthetic data and a real data set from Yahoo! show that the algorithm performs very well, having scalability and significant advantage in computational time compared with benchmark methods. Managerial implications: Our findings suggest that practitioners should process high-dimensional sparse customer data with an appropriate feature engineering technique, such as random projection (instead of abandoning the sparse portion) to maximize the effectiveness of online optimization algorithms.
Influence on imaging performance and evaluation of Wolter-I type mandrel fabrication errors
Authors: Wu Kaiji , Ding Fei , Yang Yanji , Li Duo , Qiao Zheng , Qiang Pengfei , Wang Bo
Published: July 2022

The electroforming replication process has been widely used in the
fabrication of nested x-ray telescopes. The imaging performance of the
mirrors is determined largely by the shape accuracy of the mandrels.
To predict the imaging performance of mirrors replicated from mandrels
with different parameter and fabrication errors, a special Monte Carlo
ray tracing model is established and verified by experiments. Then,
based on ray tracing numerical calculation, the influence of each
major fabrication error is discussed. Furthermore, according to the
results obtained by the simulation of slope error, a method for
evaluating the relationship between the mandrel full-band errors and
imaging quality is proposed and then verified by experiments. The
results show that the power spectral density (PSD) reference given by
the method can well reflect the quality of the mandrels, and guide the
fabrication process.
Enhancement of three-dimensional image visualization under photon-starved conditions
Authors: Lee Jiheon , Cho Myungjin
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we propose enhancement of three-dimensional (3D) image visualization under photon-starved conditions using preprocessing such as contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and histogram matching. In conventional imaging techniques, photon-counting integral imaging can be utilized for 3D visualization. However, due to a lack of photons, it is challenging to enhance the visual quality of 3D images under severely photon-starved conditions. To improve the visual quality and accuracy of 3D images under these conditions, in this paper, we apply CLAHE and histogram matching to a scene before photon-counting integral imaging is used. To prove the feasibility of our proposed method, we implement the optical experiment and show the performance metric such as peak sidelobe ratio.
A model for assessing the efficacy of colour vision aids
Authors: Moreland Jack D. , Dain Stephen J. , Cheung Vien , Westland Stephen
Published: July 2022

Optical filter aids are marketed which claim to improve colour discrimination in red-green colour vision defectives. An earlier model has been revised and used to assess 9 currently available aids. Spectral reflectances (400-700 nm) for 80 colours equally spaced in hue angle at four equally spaced saturations were synthesised from chromatically adjacent Munsell colours. Aid induced chromaticity changes for Protanomals and Deuteranomals were calculated. Five aids enhanced red-green discrimination significantly for Protanomals and six for Deuteranomals and one aid reduced it significantly for both defectives. Five aids enhanced blue-yellow discrimination in Protanomals and Deuteranomals for whom it is not needed.
Nonreciprocal light propagation induced by a subwavelength spinning cylinder
Authors: Yang Zheng , Cheng Yuqiong , Wang Neng , Chen Yuntian , Wang Shubo
Published: July 2022

Nonreciprocal optical devices have broad applications in light manipulations for communications and sensing. Non-magnetic mechanisms of optical nonreciprocity are highly desired for high-frequency on-chip applications. Here, we investigate the nonreciprocal properties of light propagation in a dielectric waveguide induced by a subwavelength spinning cylinder. We find that the chiral modes of the cylinder can give rise to unidirectional coupling with the waveguide via the transverse spin-orbit interaction, leading to different transmissions for guided wave propagating in opposite directions and thus optical isolation. We reveal the dependence of the nonreciprocal properties on various system parameters including mode order, spinning speed, coupling distance, and various losses. The results show that higher-order chiral modes and larger spinning speed generally give rise to stronger nonreciprocity, and there exists an optimal cylinder-waveguide coupling distance where the optical isolation reaches the maximum. The properties are sensitive to the material loss of the cylinder but show robustness against surface-roughness-induced loss in the waveguide. Our work contributes to the understanding of nonreciprocity in subwavelength moving structures and can find applications in integrated photonic circuits, topological photonics, and novel metasurfaces.
True holographic ghost illusion
Authors: Gentet Philippe , Lee Seung-Hyun
Published: July 2022

Pepper's ghost optical illusion, used in amusement parks, theaters, movies, museums, and other venues since 1862, is produced by reflected light and is often wrongly described as holographic. This paper presents an alternative illusion technique based on the use of full-color analog Denisyuk holograms mixed with real elements with the help of special lighting. The result is a stunning applied-science experiment that arouses the curiosity of even the most discerning observer, first by combining the real-world and holography on a level never before achieved, and then by creating an unexpected final effect of disappearance.
High-sensitivity strain sensor based on a helical-core long-period fiber grating
Authors: Ma Yiwei , Sun Jing , Zhang Min , Zhao Min , Su Chunbo , Chen Xudong , Liu Zhihai , Geng Tao , Sun Weimin , Yuan Libo
Published: July 2022

A highly sensitive strain sensor based on a helical-core long-period fiber grating (HC-LPFG) is proposed and experimentally investigated. The helical core is fabricated in the common single-mode fiber by using a high-frequency CO2 laser and hydrogen–oxygen flame. This helical shape core of the structure experienced the highly centralized refractive index modulation, which enhances the strain sensitivity and shortens the length of the sensing area to 2 mm. Experimental results indicate that the maximum strain sensitivity of the HC-LPFG reaches −97 pm/µɛ within the measuring range of 0–400 µɛ.
Multichannel ±2 order orbital angular momentum mode converter based on an elliptical-core helical intermediate-period fiber grating
Authors: Zhou Min , Zhang Zhe , Zou Tao , Shao Laipeng , Liu Shen , Bai Zhiyong , Pang Yu , Liu Yu , Wang Yiping
Published: July 2022

We propose and demonstrate a multichannel ±2 order orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode converter based on an elliptical-core helical intermediate-period fiber grating (E-HIPFG). By decreasing the grating pitch to ∼17.5 µm, ten wavelength channels are observed in the transmission spectrum of the E-HIPFG. Within the wavelength range of 1240–1650 nm, the ±2 order OAM modes are identified at each wavelength channel. The proposed E-HIPFG is ∼2.6 mm in length, which is more than one order of magnitude shorter than the conventional device, and thus may be more resistant to external disturbances, such as bending. Furthermore, the device exhibits an ultralow temperature drift of ∼5.84 pm/°C. Therefore, the proposed E-HIPFG can be a good candidate for a multichannel higher-order OAM mode converter.
Understanding and suppressing backscatter in optical resonators
Authors: Jaffe Matt , Palm Lukas , Baum Claire , Taneja Lavanya , Kumar Aishwarya , Simon Jonathan
Published: July 2022

Optical cavities have found widespread use in interfacing to quantum
emitters. Concerns about backreflection and resulting loss, however,
have largely prevented the placement of optics such as lenses or
modulators within high-finesse cavities. In this work, we demonstrate
a million-fold suppression of backreflections from lenses within a
twisted optical cavity. We achieve this by quantitatively exploring
backscatter in Fabry–Perot resonators, separating the effect into
three physical sectors: polarization, mode envelope, and transverse
mode profile. We describe the impact of each of these sectors and
demonstrate how to minimize backreflections within each. This
culminates in measured effective reflectivities below the
part-per-billion level for the fundamental mode. Additionally, we show
that beams carrying orbital angular momentum experience up to

10
4

times additional suppression, limited
only by the density of states of other cavity modes. The understanding
and techniques described in this work could expand the utility of
optical resonators in topics ranging from quantum optics and cavity
quantum electrodynamics to ring resonators and laser gyroscopes.
Self-consistent Maxwell–Bloch model for high-order harmonic generation in nanostructured semiconductors
Authors: Rudenko Anton , Hagen Maria K. , Hader Jörg , Koch Stephan W. , Moloney Jerome V.
Published: July 2022

In pursuit of efficient high-order harmonic conversion in semiconductor devices, modeling insights into the complex interplay among ultrafast microscopic electron–hole dynamics, nonlinear pulse propagation, and field confinement in nanostructured materials are urgently needed. Here, a self-consistent approach coupling semiconductor Bloch and Maxwell equations is applied to compute transmission and reflection high-order harmonic spectra for finite slab and sub-wavelength nanoparticle geometries. An increase in the generated high harmonics by several orders of magnitude is predicted for gallium arsenide nanoparticles with a size maximizing the magnetic dipole resonance. Serving as a conceptual and predictive tool for ultrafast spatiotemporal nonlinear optical responses of nanostructures with arbitrary geometry, our approach is anticipated to deliver new strategies for optimal harmonic manipulation in semiconductor metadevices.
Bridging the gap between resonance and adiabaticity: a compact and highly tolerant vertical coupling structure
Authors: Yao Chunhui , Cheng Qixiang , Roelkens Günther , Penty Richard
Published: July 2022

We present a compact, highly tolerant vertical coupling structure, which can be a generic design that bridges the gap between conventional resonant couplers and adiabatic couplers for heterogeneously integrated devices. We show insights on relaxing the coupler alignment tolerance and provide a detailed design methodology. By the use of a multisegmented inverse taper structure, our design allows a certain proportion of the odd supermode to be excited during the coupling process, which simultaneously facilitates high tolerance and compactness. With a total length of 87 μm, our coupler is almost threefold shorter than the state-of-the-art alignment-tolerant adiabatic couplers and outperforms them by demonstrating a more than 94% coupling efficiency (for

<
0.3
  
dB

coupling loss) with

±
1
  
μm

misalignment tolerance, which, to our best knowledge, is a new record for III-V-on-silicon vertical couplers. Furthermore, our design has high tolerance to fabrication-induced structural deformation and ultrabroad bandwidth. These features make it particularly suitable for building densely integrated III-V-on-silicon photonic circuits with commercially available microtransfer printing assembly tools. The proposed design can be widely adopted in various integration platforms.
Differential activation of a frontoparietal network explains population-level differences in statistical learning from speech
Authors: Orpella Joan , Assaneo M. Florencia , Ripollés Pablo , Noejovich Laura , López-Barroso Diana , Diego-Balaguer Ruth de , Poeppel David
Published: July 2022

People of all ages display the ability to detect and learn from patterns in seemingly random stimuli. Referred to as statistical learning (SL), this process is particularly critical when learning a spoken language, helping in the identification of discrete words within a spoken phrase. Here, by considering individual differences in speech auditory–motor synchronization, we demonstrate that recruitment of a specific neural network supports behavioral differences in SL from speech. While independent component analysis (ICA) of fMRI data revealed that a network of auditory and superior pre/motor regions is universally activated in the process of learning, a frontoparietal network is additionally and selectively engaged by only some individuals (high auditory–motor synchronizers). Importantly, activation of this frontoparietal network is related to a boost in learning performance, and interference with this network via articulatory suppression (AS; i.e., producing irrelevant speech during learning) normalizes performance across the entire sample. Our work provides novel insights on SL from speech and reconciles previous contrasting findings. These findings also highlight a more general need to factor in fundamental individual differences for a precise characterization of cognitive phenomena.
Zika virus-like particle vaccine fusion loop mutation increases production yield but fails to protect AG129 mice against Zika virus challenge
Authors: Thompson Danielle , Guenther Ben , Manayani Darly , Mendy Jason , Smith Jonathan , Espinosa Diego A. , Harris Eva , Alexander Jeff , Vang Lo , Morello Christopher S.
Published: July 2022

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with maternal infection associated with preterm birth, congenital malformations, and fetal death, and adult infection associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Recent widespread endemic transmission of ZIKV and the potential for future outbreaks necessitate the development of an effective vaccine. We developed a ZIKV vaccine candidate based on virus-like-particles (VLPs) generated following transfection of mammalian HEK293T cells using a plasmid encoding the pre-membrane/membrane (prM/M) and envelope (E) structural protein genes. VLPs were collected from cell culture supernatant and purified by column chromatography with yields of approximately 1-2mg/L. To promote increased particle yields, a single amino acid change of phenylalanine to alanine was made in the E fusion loop at position 108 (F108A) of the lead VLP vaccine candidate. This mutation resulted in a modest 2-fold increase in F108A VLP production with no detectable prM processing by furin to a mature particle, in contrast to the lead candidate (parent). To evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy, AG129 mice were immunized with a dose titration of either the immature F108A or lead VLP (each alum adjuvanted). The resulting VLP-specific binding antibody (Ab) levels were comparable. However, geometric mean neutralizing Ab (nAb) titers using a recombinant ZIKV reporter were significantly lower with F108A immunization compared to lead. After virus challenge, all lead VLP-immunized groups showed a significant 3- to 4-Log10 reduction in mean ZIKV RNAemia levels compared with control mice immunized only with alum, but the RNAemia reduction of 0.5 Log10 for F108A groups was statistically similar to the control. Successful viral control by the lead VLP candidate following challenge supports further vaccine development for this candidate. Notably, nAb titer levels in the lead, but not F108A, VLP-immunized mice inversely correlated with RNAemia. Further evaluation of sera by an in vitro Ab-dependent enhancement assay demonstrated that the F108A VLP-induced immune sera had a significantly higher capacity to promote ZIKV infection in FcγR-expressing cells. These data indicate that a single amino acid change in the fusion loop resulted in increased VLP yields but that the immature F108A particles were significantly diminished in their capacity to induce nAbs and provide protection against ZIKV challenge.
Spatiotemporal mapping of major trauma in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Beck Ben , Zammit-Mangion Andrew , Fry Richard , Smith Karen , Gabbe Belinda
Published: July 2022

Background

Spatiotemporal modelling techniques allow one to predict injury across time and space. However, such methods have been underutilised in injury studies. This study demonstrates the use of statistical spatiotemporal modelling in identifying areas of significantly high injury risk, and areas witnessing significantly increasing risk over time.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of hospitalised major trauma patients from the Victorian State Trauma Registry, Australia, between 2007 and 2019. Geographical locations of injury events were mapped to the 79 local government areas (LGAs) in the state. We employed Bayesian spatiotemporal models to quantify spatial and temporal patterns, and analysed the results across a range of geographical remoteness and socioeconomic levels.

Results

There were 31,317 major trauma patients included. For major trauma overall, we observed substantial spatial variation in injury incidence and a significant 2.1% increase in injury incidence per year. Area-specific risk of injury by motor vehicle collision was higher in regional areas relative to metropolitan areas, while risk of injury by low fall was higher in metropolitan areas. Significant temporal increases were observed in injury by low fall, and the greatest increases were observed in the most disadvantaged LGAs.

Conclusions

These findings can be used to inform injury prevention initiatives, which could be designed to target areas with relatively high injury risk and with significantly increasing injury risk over time. Our finding that the greatest year-on-year increases in injury incidence were observed in the most disadvantaged areas highlights the need for a greater emphasis on reducing inequities in injury.
How do high-performance work systems affect work fatigue: The mediating effect of job responsibility and role overload
Authors: Jiandong Sun , Fan Xuexiu , Haitian Li
Published: July 2022

Work fatigue refers to physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion, resulting in the inability to work. Hitherto research indicate a close relationship between high-performance work systems and work fatigue, and there may be a double-edged sword effect of high-performance work systems on work fatigue. However, a comprehensive theoretical framework has not been developed to understand the relationship between them. Based on the challenge-hindrance stress model, this study employs role overload and job responsibility as mediating variables in a conceptual framework to understand the impact of high-performance work systems on work fatigue. Using the partial least square structural equation model and a sample of 360 employees in China, the mediating effects of role overload and job responsibility were confirmed. Further, the internal mechanisms of how high-performance work systems affect work fatigue are discussed, its adverse effects are confirmed, and its practical implications are proposed.
Hangry in the field: An experience sampling study on the impact of hunger on anger, irritability, and affect
Authors: Swami Viren , Hochstöger Samantha , Kargl Erik , Stieger Stefan
Published: July 2022

The colloquial term “hangry” refers to the notion that people become angry when hungry, but very little research has directly determined the extent to which the relationship between hunger and negative emotions is robust. Here, we examined associations between everyday experiences of hunger and negative emotions using an experience sampling method. Sixty-four participants from Central Europe completed a 21-day experience sampling phase in which they reported their hunger, anger, irritability, pleasure, and arousal at five time-points each day (total = 9,142 responses). Results indicated that greater levels of self-reported hunger were associated with greater feelings of anger and irritability, and with lower pleasure. These findings remained significant after accounting for participant sex, age, body mass index, dietary behaviours, and trait anger. In contrast, associations with arousal were not significant. These results provide evidence that everyday levels of hunger are associated with negative emotionality and supports the notion of being “hangry”.
Multi-class classification algorithms for the diagnosis of anemia in an outpatient clinical setting
Authors: Vohra Rajan , Hussain Abir , Dudyala Anil Kumar , Pahareeya Jankisharan , Khan Wasiq
Published: July 2022

Anemia is one of the most pressing public health issues in the world with iron deficiency a major public health issue worldwide. The highest prevalence of anemia is in developing countries. The complete blood count is a blood test used to diagnose the prevalence of anemia. While earlier studies have framed the problem of diagnosis as a binary classification problem, this paper frames it as a multi class (three classes) classification problem with mild, moderate and severe classes. The three classes for the anemia classification (mild, moderate, severe) are so chosen as the world health organization (WHO) guidelines formalize this categorization based on the Haemoglobin (HGB) values of the chosen sample of patients in the Complete Blood Count (CBC) patient data set. Complete blood count test data was collected in an outpatient clinical setting in India. We used Feature selection with Majority voting to identify the key attributes in the input patient data set. In addition, since the original data set was imbalanced we used Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to balance the data set. Four data sets including the original data set were used to perform the data experiments. Six standard machine learning algorithms were utilised to test our four data sets, performing multi class classification. Benchmarking these algorithms was performed and tabulated using both10 fold cross validation and hold out methods. The experimental results indicated that multilayer perceptron network was predominantly giving good recall values across mild and moderate class which are early and middle stages of the disease. With a good prediction model at early stages, medical intervention can provide preventive measure from further deterioration into severe stage or recommend the use of supplements to overcome this problem.
Academic achievement of students without special educational needs and disabilities in inclusive education–Does the type of inclusion matter?
Authors: Szumski Grzegorz , Smogorzewska Joanna , Grygiel Paweł
Published: July 2022

The main aim of the study, conducted in Poland, was to compare the academic achievement of 1552 (at Time 1) students without disabilities in three educational settings: general, without students with disabilities, inclusive (with co-teaching), with three to five students with disabilities, and inclusive (without co-teaching), with one to two students with disabilities. The study was longitudinal, with three waves eight months apart. The latent growth curve model was used for data analysis. The results have shown that changes in academic achievement (for language and for mathematics) over time were similar in all three groups; therefore, there were no differences between inclusive education (of the two types) and general education classrooms. These results mean that students neither lose nor benefit while learning in inclusive education classrooms. The findings are in line with the results of previous meta-analyses and are important for the future development of inclusive education.
Land-use intensity of electricity production and tomorrow’s energy landscape
Authors: Lovering Jessica , Swain Marian , Blomqvist Linus , Hernandez Rebecca R.
Published: July 2022

The global energy system has a relatively small land footprint at present, comprising just 0.4% of ice-free land. This pales in comparison to agricultural land use– 30–38% of ice-free land–yet future low-carbon energy systems that shift to more extensive technologies could dramatically alter landscapes around the globe. The challenge is more acute given the projected doubling of global energy consumption by 2050 and widespread electrification of transportation and industry. Yet unlike greenhouse gas emissions, land use intensity of energy has been rarely studied in a rigorous way. Here we calculate land-use intensity of energy (LUIE) for real-world sites across all major sources of electricity, integrating data from published literature, databases, and original data collection. We find a range of LUIE that span four orders of magnitude, from nuclear with 7.1 ha/TWh/y to dedicated biomass at 58,000 ha/TWh/y. By applying these LUIE results to the future electricity portfolios of ten energy scenarios, we conclude that land use could become a significant constraint on deep decarbonization of the power system, yet low-carbon, land-efficient options are available.