bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal regime of the lithosphere and geothermal potential in Xiong'an New Area
Authors: Wang Zhuting , Jiang Guangzheng , Zhang Chao , Hu Jie , Shi Yizuo , Wang Yibo , Hu Shengbiao
Published: May 2018

Investigation into the thermal regime of lithosphere is an essential part of geothermal research. The thermal state of lithosphere can be expressed as the vertical distribution of temperature. It has been found that the thermal regime of lithosphere can control the heat flow distribution and the geothermal mechanism of local geothermal fields. In this work, equilibrium temperature logs were obtained from 27 wells, and thermal conductivity and heat generation data were collected from 148 rock samples from different wells. Besides, 55 high-quality terrestrial heat flow values were extracted. Based on these data, the distribution of heat flow across Xiong'an New Area was mapped. Later, the thickness of the thermal lithosphere in Xiong'an and the deep crustal temperature were analyzed using the one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction equation. The crustal structure beneath this area was derived from the seismic wave velocity profile, and it was then used to illustrate the connection between the geothermal fields’ heat sources and regional tectonic setting. The results indicate that high heat flow is mainly distributed around the basement uplifts, such as Niutuozhen uplift and Rongcheng uplift. The average heat flux in the study area is 70.5 mW/m2, higher than the 61.5 mW/m2 in mainland China. The temperature-depth profiles show great temperature variation across the new area. At the depth of 40 km, the crustal temperature ranges from about 750°C to 1100°C. Despite the large temperature variation, this area shows high thermal state. The temperature variation with depth may be attributed to the heat flow variability and the high thermal state may be caused by the large residual heat flow from the lithosphere boundary. The average reduced heat flow in the new area is high at around 44.35mW/m2, which is associated with the high thermal state of this area.
Do You See What I See? Testing for Individual Differences in Impressions of Events
Authors: Rogers Kimberly B.
Published: May 2018

Affect control theory shows how cultural meanings for identities and behavior are used to form impressions of events and guide social action. In this research, I examine whether members of the same culture tend to process social events in the same way, with a focus on U.S. English speakers. I find widespread consensus in the mechanisms of impression formation, particularly for judgments of evaluation (goodness, esteem), but also find sufficient individual differences to warrant further study for models of potency (power, dominance) and object impressions (feelings about the target of a behavior). Findings support long-standing claims that members of U.S. English language culture, especially cultural experts, tend to process social events in the same way. However, I find no significant gender differences in event processing. I close the paper by estimating and interpreting new impression change equations using methodological techniques appropriate to the degree of consensus found for each model.
Anticipatory Minority Stressors among Same-sex Couples: A Relationship Timeline Approach
Authors: Thomeer Mieke Beth , LeBlanc Allen J. , Frost David M. , Bowen Kayla
Published: May 2018

The authors build on previous stress theories by drawing attention to the concept of anticipatory couple-level minority stressors (i.e., stressors expected to occur in the future that emanate from the stigmatization of certain relationship forms). A focus on anticipatory couple-level minority stressors brings with it the potential for important insight into vulnerabilities and resiliencies of people in same-sex relationships, the focus of this study. The authors use relationship timelines to examine stressors among a diverse sample of same-sex couples (n = 120). Respondents in same-sex relationships anticipated stressors that are likely not unique to same-sex couples (e.g., purchasing a home together) but labeled many of these anticipatory stressors as reflecting the stigmatization of their same-sex relationship. Respondents rated anticipatory minority stressors as more stressful than other anticipatory stressors. Moreover, stressors varied by gender, age, and relationship duration although not race/ethnicity or geographic site. This analysis is a preliminary step in examining how unique anticipatory couple-level minority stressors function as determinants of relationship quality, mental and physical health, and health disparities faced by sexual minority populations. Attempts to understand current stress levels should consider anticipatory stressors alongside past and current life events, chronic strains, daily hassles, and minority stressors, as these processes are impossible to disentangle and may be consequential for current well-being.
Comparative study on the synthesis of magnetic ferrite adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) from wastewater
Authors: Liu Fang , Zhou Kanggen , Chen Quanzhou , Wang Aihe , Chen Wei
Published: May 2018

The magnetic ferrites were synthesized at ambient temperature through the precipitation method in aqueous solution at varying pH values and were used as novel adsorbents for heavy metal-containing wastewater treatment. The magnetic ferrites were applied for the removal of Cd(II) ion from wastewater. The synthesized magnetic ferrites were characterized by settling velocity, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, laser particles size analyzer, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The effects of pH value and contact time on the adsorption process were investigated. The magnetic ferrites had a saturation magnetization value of 82.30 emu/g and a settling velocity of 2%, indicating easy separation from aqueous solution under magnetic field. The adsorption of Cd(II) onto the magnetic ferrites followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model. The most suitable pH condition for the synthesis of magnetic ferrite with optimal Cd(II) adsorption capacity was 9.0, and a maximum adsorption capacity of 160.91 mg/g for Cd(II) ions can be achieved. Based on the cost analysis, the magnetic ferrite was a cost-effective adsorbent for Cd-containing wastewater treatment.
The role of foreign language anxiety on L2 utterance fluency during a final exam
Authors: Pérez Castillejo Susana
Published: May 2018

This study examines how foreign language anxiety (FLA) and proficiency relate to second language (L2) utterance fluency during a final oral exam. Thirty-eight learners of Spanish (L1 English) completed unplanned narratives that were coded for ratio and length of pauses between and within Analysis of Speech Units, mean length of run, phonation-time ratio, and articulation rate. Learners’ oral proficiency was measured with an aural/oral sentence imitation task. Multiple regression analyses showed that anxiety is a strong predictor for certain temporal features associated with subjective ratings of fluency. Overall oral proficiency, however, was not a significant predictor in any case. The findings confirm the interference of FLA with cognitive processing and contribute to our understanding of the challenges faced by anxious learners during classroom-based language assessment.
Engaged or Activist Scholarship? Feminist reflections on philosophy, accountability and transformational potential
Authors: Rouse Julia , Woolnough Helen
Published: May 2018

Van De Ven’s Engaged Scholarship is becoming institutionalised in the academic profession. His argument that research is radically under-used and more likely to be employed if practitioners engage in shaping research questions and processes is convincing. Nevertheless, Engaged Scholarship has been little critiqued. This article draws on feminist critical realist ontology to compare its philosophy, accountability and transformational potential with a method more familiar to feminism: Activist Scholarship. Engaged Scholarship is found to be underlaboured by a positivist ontology and strong social constructionist epistemology, skewed to the interests of power holders and unlikely to transform underlying social relations. Drawing on Activist Scholarship’s partisan accountability to the marginalised and commitment to collective action, but retaining the possibility of change by engaging power holders, we propose Engaged–Activist Scholarship, a method underlaboured by feminist critical realism, pluralist in its methodology, ambidextrous in its audience and accountable to transforming oppressive contexts.
How to enhance SMEs customer involvement using social media: The role of Social CRM
Authors: Cheng Colin CJ , Shiu Eric C
Published: May 2018

Despite increasing attention to the influence of customer involvement and social media in developing innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), few studies have specifically investigated how to improve the effectiveness of social media–based customer involvement. Drawing on the knowledge-based view, social network and capability theories, we address this question by arguing that Social Customer Relation Management (CRM) enhances the effect of social media–based customer involvement upon innovation. Two key capabilities further enhance the moderating effect of Social CRM: social media network and customer information processing capabilities. The results from a longitudinal dataset of 317 SMEs indicate that SME customer involvement, enabled by Social CRM, social media network and customer information processing capabilities increases innovation. These findings have important implications for researchers and managers interested in enhancing the efficacy of SME customer involvement using social media.
Using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess distal-limb perfusion on venoarterial (V-A) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients with femoral cannulation
Authors: Patton-Rivera Killian , Beck James , Fung Kenmond , Chan Christine , Beck Matthew , Takayama Hiroo , Takeda Koji
Published: May 2018

Background:

Patients requiring V-A ECMO who receive femoral cannulation have an associated risk of distal, lower-limb hypoperfusion and ischemia of the cannulated leg. This pilot study evaluated the usefulness of non-invasive lower-limb oximetry, using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect limb ischemia.

Methods:

Between June 2016 and January 2017, 25 patients receiving femoral V-A ECMO were continuously monitored using the CASMED Fore-Sight Elite (CAS Medical Systems Inc., Branford, CT) tissue oximeter. A retrospective pilot study was conducted to review the correlation between NIRS tissue saturations (StO2) and clinical indications of limb ischemia. Patients were monitored for StO2s less than 50% for more than four minutes or StO2 differentials between the cannulated and non-cannulated legs greater than 15%.

Results:

Twenty-five patients (age 22-78) were monitored with NIRS. Six patients had clinical indications of lower-limb ischemia: cold limb, mottled skin and pulseless Doppler ultrasound. All six patients had StO2s below 50% that persisted for longer than four minutes. Of the 25 patients, one patient had a false-positive indication of hypoperfusion with StO2 below 50% for more than four minutes due to a venous saturation below 30%. Another patient had a false-positive pulseless Doppler ultrasound caused by high doses of pressor support. The StO2 was greater than 60%, which confirmed the clinical determination of adequate perfusion. Five patients had StO2s below 50% for less than four minutes and none of these patients had clinical indications of lower-limb hypoperfusion. All patients with cannula-related obstruction of flow to the distal portion of the leg had StO2 differentials greater than 15%. No patients without cannula-related obstruction to flow had StO2 differentials greater than 15%.

Conclusion:

Advancements in NIRS technology seem to have improved its accuracy for continuous, non-invasive monitoring of regional tissue and may provide clinicians with an additional metric to protect the distal portion of the cannulated leg.
Can interactive parental education impact health care utilization in pediatric asthma: A study in rural Texas
Authors: Agusala Vijay , Vij Priyanka , Agusala Veena , Dasari Vivekanand , Kola Bhargavi
Published: May 2018

Objective

It is well known that parent/patient education helps to reduce the burden of asthma in urban areas, but data are scarce for rural areas. This study explored the impact of asthma education in Ector County, a rural part of Health Services Region 9 in Texas, which has one of the highest prevalence rates of asthma in the state.

Methods

This prospective study investigated an interactive asthma education intervention in pediatric patients aged 2–18 years and their caregivers. Change in parental/caregiver knowledge about their child’s asthma along with frequency of missed school days, emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions was obtained via telephone surveys before and after the educational intervention was delivered.

Results

The study enrolled 102 pediatric patients and their parents/caregivers. Asthma education was associated with significantly fewer school absences, ED visits and hospitalizations. Parents/caregivers reported feeling better educated, knowing what triggers an asthma exacerbation, identifying the signs of a severe asthma attack in their child, feeling confident about managing asthma and feeling that the asthma was under control.

Conclusion

Asthma education of caregivers and children was associated with better symptom management and fewer acute exacerbations, pointing to the relevance and importance of asthma education among pediatric patients in rural areas.
Serum melatonin levels are associated with mortality in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction
Authors: Lorente Leonardo , Martín María M. , Abreu-González Pedro , Pérez-Cejas Antonia , Ramos Luis , Argueso Mónica , Solé-Violán Jordi , Cáceres Juan J. , Jiménez Alejandro , García-Marín Victor
Published: May 2018

Objectives

Lower serum melatonin levels are found in patients with ischaemic stroke compared with healthy controls. This study aimed to determine whether serum melatonin levels are associated with peroxidation status, antioxidant status, and mortality in patients with ischaemic stroke.

Methods

Patients with severe malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI), defined as a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score lower than 9, were included. Serum levels of melatonin, malondialdehyde (to assess lipid peroxidation), and total antioxidant capacity at the time of diagnosing MMCAI were determined. We chose 30-day mortality as the endpoint of the study.

Results

We found significantly higher serum levels of melatonin, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde in non-survivors (n = 32) than in survivors (n = 32) with MMCAI. Serum melatonin levels were associated with 30-day mortality (odds ratio = 2.205; 95% confidence interval = 1.294–3.759) after controlling for GCS score and age. We found a positive association between serum melatonin levels and total antioxidant capacity (rho = 0.36), and between serum melatonin and malondialdehyde levels (rho = 0.35).

Conclusions

Our study shows that serum melatonin levels are associated with peroxidation status, antioxidant status, and mortality in patients with MMCAI.
Development, assessment, and evaluation of laboratory experimentation for a mechanical vibrations and controls course
Authors: Liu Yucheng , Baker Francie , He Wenpei , Lai Wei
Published: May 2018

A vibrations and controls course in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Mississippi State University was reorganized by implementing substantial laboratory experimentation. Team projects were designed and assigned to students asking them to develop vibration and control systems using knowledge and theories learned from lectures. Through those projects, students’ problem-solving capacity, hands-on experience, and teamwork skills were fully developed. The developed vibration and control systems will be permanently integrated into the curriculum, based on which a series of lab sessions can be designed to reinforce the concepts and theories covered in lectures and gain practical experience to characterize vibration and control behavior of dynamic systems. Student feedback to a course evaluation questionnaire showed that the renovated course met the learning needs of students by addressing most course goals with respect to ABET learning outcomes. Dependence on costly textbook and role of open educational resources in this class were also discussed.
International perspective on factors influencing the performance of housework: a scoping review
Authors: Arnold Susan , Mackenzie Lynette , James Carole , Millington Michael
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Occupational therapists provide care opinions when assessing a person's capacity to perform housework. This skill requires occupational therapists to understand healthy populations' attitude towards housework.

Method

A scoping review was undertaken using keyword and MeSH terms. Thirty articles were identified as meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each article was reviewed allowing thematic development of factors that influenced a person's decision to perform housework.

Results

Studies present data from 34 countries, many of which are classified as high- or upper-middle-income countries. The results indicated that housework is primarily performed by women. The time range was 11.5 hours/week to 27 hours/week. Impacting factors included the employment, marital and parental status of the household, the earning and education level of each person as well as their peer group attitudes, women's involvement in national legislation along with the social class and cultural attitudes towards women. In addition, the presence of children aged under 15 years or adults over 74 years in the household increased levels of housework performance.

Conclusion

The study reveals there is no single predictive factor on who performs housework, how long it will take nor the selection of tasks. This supports the occupational therapy philosophy of considering the individual's requirements when making care decisions.
Protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) activation causes migraine-like pain behaviors in mice
Authors: Hassler Shayne N , Ahmad Fatima B , Burgos-Vega Carolina C , Boitano Scott , Vagner Josef , Price Theodore J , Dussor Gregory
Published: May 2018

Background

Pain is the most debilitating symptom of migraine. The cause of migraine pain likely requires activation of meningeal nociceptors. Mast cell degranulation, with subsequent meningeal nociceptor activation, has been implicated in migraine pathophysiology. Degranulating mast cells release serine proteases that can cleave and activate protease activated receptors. The purpose of these studies was to investigate whether protease activated receptor 2 is a potential generator of nociceptive input from the meninges by using selective pharmacological agents and knockout mice.

Methods

Ratiometric Ca++ imaging was performed on primary trigeminal and dural cell cultures after application of 2at-LIGRL-NH2, a specific protease activated receptor 2 agonist. Cutaneous hypersensitivity and facial grimace was measured in wild-type and protease activated receptor 2−/− mice after dural application of 2at-LIGRL-NH2 or compound 48-80, a mast cell degranulator. Behavioral experiments were also conducted in mice after dural application of 2at-LIGRL-NH2 (2AT) in the presence of either C391, a selective protease activated receptor 2 antagonist, or sumatriptan.

Results

2at-LIGRL-NH2 evoked Ca2+ signaling in mouse trigeminal neurons, dural fibroblasts and in meningeal afferents. Dural application of 2at-LIGRL-NH2 or 48-80 caused dose-dependent grimace behavior and mechanical allodynia that were attenuated by either local or systemic application of C391 as well as in protease activated receptor 2−/− mice. Nociceptive behavior after dural injection of 2at-LIGRL-NH2 was also attenuated by sumatriptan.

Conclusions

Functional protease activated receptor 2 receptors are expressed on both dural afferents and fibroblasts and activation of dural protease activated receptor 2 produces migraine-like behavioral responses. Protease activated receptor 2 may link resident immune cells to meningeal nociceptor activation, driving migraine-like pain and implicating protease activated receptor 2 as a therapeutic target for migraine in humans.
Non-invasive dural stimulation in mice: A novel preclinical model of migraine
Authors: Burgos-Vega Carolina Christina , Quigley Lilyana D , Trevisan dos Santos Gabriela , Yan Flora , Asiedu Marina , Jacobs Blaine , Motina Marina , Safdar Nida , Yousuf Hayyan , Avona Amanda , Price Theodore John , Dussor Greg
Published: May 2018

Background

Migraine is characterized by a collection of neurological symptoms in the absence of injury or damage. However, several common preclinical migraine models require significant damage to the skull to stimulate the dura mater, the likely source of afferent signaling leading to head pain. The goal of this study was to determine whether dural stimulation can be performed in mice using an injection that does not cause injury or damage.

Methods

Using mice, injections of stimuli were administered to the dura mater through the soft tissue at the intersection between the lambdoidal and sagittal sutures. This technique did not require a permanent cannula nor did it cause damage to the skull or dura. Following injection of noxious stimuli, migraine-like behaviors were measured including cutaneous allodynia and facial grimace. The retrograde tracer fluorogold was applied onto the dura using the same injection technique to label trigeminal ganglion cell bodies, which were then testing in vitro using patch-clamp electrophysiology.

Results

Dural injection of allyl-isothiocyanate, low pH, interleukin-6, or inflammatory soup but not vehicles, led to cephalic/extracephalic allodynia. Facial grimace responses were also observed with allyl-isothiocyanate, pH 6.0, and interleukin-6. Stimulation with interleukin-6 causes priming to normally subthreshold pH 7.0 stimulation of the dura following resolution of the initial interleukin-6 behavior. Systemic injection of sumatriptan at the time of dural stimulation with inflammatory soup decreased the resulting cutaneous hypersensitivity. Trigeminal ganglion cell bodies retrogradely labeled from the dura had low pH-evoked currents similar to those generated by acid-sensing ion channels.

Conclusion

Non-invasive dural stimulation in mice can be used as a model of migraine in the absence of injury.
Volume and shape of subcortical grey matter structures related to headache: A cross-sectional population-based imaging study in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study
Authors: Husøy Andreas Kattem , Pintzka Carl , Eikenes Live , Håberg Asta K , Hagen Knut , Linde Mattias , Stovner Lars Jacob
Published: May 2018

Background

The relationship between subcortical nuclei and headache is unclear. Most previous studies were conducted in small clinical migraine samples. In the present population-based MRI study, we hypothesized that headache sufferers exhibit reduced volume and deformation of the nucleus accumbens compared to non-sufferers. In addition, volume and deformation of the amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen and thalamus were examined.

Methods

In all, 1006 participants (50–66 years) from the third Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey, were randomly selected to undergo a brain MRI at 1.5 T. Volume and shape of the subcortical nuclei from T1 weighted 3D scans were obtained in FreeSurfer and FSL. The association with questionnaire-based headache categories (migraine and tension-type headache included) was evaluated using analysis of covariance. Individuals not suffering from headache were used as controls. Age, sex, intracranial volume and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used as covariates.

Results

No effect of headache status on accumbens volume and shape was present. Exploratory analyses showed significant but small differences in volume of caudate and putamen and in putamen shape between those with non-migrainous headache and the controls. A post hoc analysis showed that caudate volume was strongly associated with white matter hyperintensities.

Conclusion

We did not confirm our hypothesis that headache sufferers have smaller volume and different shape of the accumbens compared to non-sufferers. No or only small differences in volume and shape of subcortical nuclei between headache sufferers and non-sufferers appear to exist in the general population.
Adding Self-Efficacy Features to an Online Statistics Lesson
Authors: Huang Xiaoxia , Mayer Richard E.
Published: May 2018

This study investigated the effectiveness of adding four self-efficacy features to an online statistics lesson, based on Bandura’s four sources of self-efficacy information. In a randomized between-subjects experiment, participants learned statistical rules in an example-based online environment with four self-efficacy features added (treatment group) or not (control group). Results of analyses of variance showed that the treatment group performed better on practice ( d = 0.36), retention ( d = 0.39), and transfer ( d = 0.42) tests as well as reporting higher self-efficacy ( d = 0.44) and lower task anxiety ( d = −0.45). Further, mediation analyses revealed that the effect of treatment group on performance was fully mediated by task anxiety and self-efficacy. The results support the inclusion of self-efficacy features in online mathematics lessons, when the goal is to improve learning outcomes by reducing anxiety and increasing self-efficacy. The results show the utility of applying Bandura’s model of self-efficacy to technology-based learning environments.
In vitro effects of two major phenolic compounds from the family Lamiaceae plants on the human gastric carcinoma cells
Authors: Günes-Bayir Ayse , Kocyigit Abdurrahim , Güler Eray Metin
Published: May 2018

Phenolic compounds of essential oils from the family Lamiaceae are commonly used substances in the food industry because of their flavouring, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In this context, it has become important to have healthy and safe products for consumers who are exposed to these phenolic compounds. The present study was aimed to investigate the toxic effects of carvacrol, thymol and their mixture on human gastric carcinoma (AGS) cells. Cells were analyzed after 24 h of exposure to different concentrations of carvacrol, thymol and their mixture by the ATP cell viability, 2′,7′ dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA), reducte glutatione/oxide glutathione ((GSH)/GSSG-Glo) and comet assays. Apoptosis induction was studied by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and western blotting. Carvacrol, thymol and their mixture induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, apoptosis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased GSH levels after 24 h of their exposure in a dose-dependent manner. A close negative relationship was found between cell viability and ROS generation. We examined dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of carvacrol, thymol and their mixture in human AGS cells. Increased intracellular ROS causes oxidative stress in cells. The results indicated that these compounds should be used carefully in the food industry.
The East India Company and the island of Johanna (Anjouan) during the long eighteenth century
Authors: Bowen H. V.
Published: May 2018

For just over 230 years the East India Company’s maritime operations were supported by a far-flung network of islands, ports and watering points across the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. These places provided supplies to company ships and safe havens in times of danger. The island of Johanna, or Anjouan, in the Mozambique Channel was one such place and this article considers how it came to be a key component within the company’s maritime system. The article also examines why the company chose not to exert direct control over the island when it had the opportunity to do so at the end of the eighteenth century. It is concluded that Johanna formed an important part of the flexible and durable maritime infrastructure that underpinned the territorial empire constructed by the company in India from 1750 onwards.
Compasses and sinking ships: Mrs Janet Taylor’s contribution in the compass adjusting controversy of mid-nineteenth-century England
Authors: Croucher Rosalind Frances , Croucher John Sydney
Published: May 2018

The mid-nineteenth century was a highpoint of empire building, and reliable navigation across the oceans was crucial. While the effects of magnetic variation and deviation on compasses were well known by 1800, iron ships brought with them an even bigger challenge. The nautical world divided between ‘applied’ and ‘theoretical’ approaches to addressing the ‘compass problem’. This article focuses on the role of Janet Taylor, who lived and worked in the heart of this community, as a writer, teacher, inventor, chart-seller and compass adjuster, as a follower of the system of compass adjustment advocated by the Astronomer Royal, Professor George Airy. Janet Taylor’s achievements in the compass adjusting field and her interactions with the Astronomer Royal are explored, adding another insight into Mrs Taylor’s distinctive story.
Maritime culture: A sociological perspective
Authors: Carol-Dekker Lydia
Published: May 2018

The aim of this paper is to analyse and discuss the multifaceted cultures within the merchant navy. It is within this multicultural context that the construction of different cultures occur. If maritime managers are to work successfully with their designated ships, and the seafarers working and living aboard these ships, they need to understand that different cultures exist within the industry. The argument put forward is that maritime management needs the necessary soft skills to develop cultural awareness and become culturally sensitive. The primary source of data was drawn from netography and qualitative methodologies. Secondary data was obtained through maritime dissertations, face-to-face interviews, maritime newspaper articles, maritime journal articles and social media. Two main conclusions emerged: firstly, in maritime scholarship there is a lack of research of the existing maritime cultures; and secondly, few maritime companies are aware of how different cultures are integrated. It is significant that healthy cultures within the merchant marine rely on management’s cultural knowledge and their soft skills.
‘The magic on the sea shore’: The manor of Schloss Fall and the navigation in the Gulf of Finland in the nineteenth century
Authors: Kraikovski Alexei
Published: May 2018

This research note focuses on the numerous links between the coastal noble estate of Schloss Fall and the development of shipping in the adjacent zone of the Gulf of Finland during the nineteenth century. It therefore expands the traditional perspective of ‘maritimeness’ – maritime culture and identity – in relation to Ostzee province in the north-western part of the Russian Empire. Here, the local manorial culture was an inseparable element of the multifaceted interaction between the sea and the everyday practices of coastal inhabitants.
Re-imagining shipboard societies: A spatial approach to analysing ships of the British Royal Navy during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
Authors: Moloney Michael J.
Published: May 2018

Shipwrecks have always occupied a place of primary interest in the field of maritime archaeology. This article examines the spatial organization of ships in an effort to reconstruct the social dynamics of shipboard society. Shipwrecks are often the result of site formation processes that ‘spill’ the artefacts that are often used to describe shipboard life. In order to engage a holistic interpretation of shipwreck sites we must explore the structure of the ships themselves. This article contributes methodologies for a quantitative analysis of shipwreck sites to the growing toolkit of shipwreck investigation.
The London-based Greek Shipping Co-operation Committee: A paradigm of collective action in the shipping sector, 1930–1950
Authors: Bissias Ilias , Kapetanakis Panagiotis
Published: May 2018

In 2016, the Greek Shipping Co-operation Committee (GSCC) celebrated its 80th anniversary in London. This article, which is part of an ongoing research project on the development of the GSCC in the twentieth century, provides a new interpretive framework by using the tools of historical institutionalism to study and understand the circumstances that led to its establishment, operation and broad activity in London, England. Furthermore, it seeks to answer the question of how the GSCC, as an independent institutional body of the Greek shipping industry, became a successful paradigm of concerted and collective action within a business sector that is known for its spirit of individualism. The particular time period under consideration in this article is the early 1930s to the early post-war years (1946–1950), excluding the Second World War, when exceptional conditions obliged the Committee to alter its normal mode of working.
WIC Households’ Bread and Cold Cereal Purchases: When They Use Benefits Versus Paying Out of Pocket
Authors: Stewart Hayden , McLaughlin Patrick W. , Dong Diansheng , Frazão Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

Purpose:

The US Department of Agriculture’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) seeks to improve the health of participating women and children by providing nutrition education and a monthly package of supplemental foods including whole grain bread and cereal. While some studies confirm that participants consume more whole grains, others find no effect. In this study, we hypothesize that the positive association between WIC and whole grains is being reduced in size and consistency by several factors.

Design/Setting/Participants:

American households were surveyed about their food purchases. Overall response rate was 45.6%. A total of 4826 households completed the survey including 471 WIC households.

Measures:

The survey recorded households’ purchases of refined and whole grains in bread and cereal over 1 week.

Analysis:

T tests were used to compare the bread and cereal purchases of WIC and eligible, non-WIC households. Probit models were also estimated to assess a WIC household’s likelihood to choose whole grain foods when using benefits versus other payment methods.

Results:

On average, WIC households acquired more whole grains in bread than eligible, non-WIC households (1.33 vs 0.72 ounce equivalents per household member aged 1 year or older; P < .05). No difference is found for cereal ( P > .10). Moreover, when using payment methods other than WIC benefits, WIC participants are 19% less likely than other households to choose whole grain bread ( P < .05) and 20% less likely to choose a whole grain cold cereal ( P < .05), which suggests that WIC-provided foods may replace some whole grains participants would otherwise buy for themselves.

Conclusion:

WIC is positively associated with whole grains. However, the association is stronger for bread than cereal. Moreover, foods provided through the program may partially replace whole grains that WIC households would otherwise buy for themselves.
(Re)Fashioning Masculinity: Social Identity and Context in Men’s Hybrid Masculinities through Dress
Authors: Barry Ben
Published: May 2018

Modern Western society has framed fashion in opposition to hegemonic masculinity. However, fashion functions as a principal means by which men’s visible gender identities are established as not only different from women but also from other men. This article draws on the concept of hybrid masculinities and on wardrobe interviews with Canadian men across social identities to explore how men enact masculinities through dress. I illustrate three ways men do hybrid masculinities by selecting, styling, and wearing clothing in their everyday lives. The differences between these three hybrid masculine configurations of practice are based on the extent to which men’s personal and professional social identities were associated with hegemonic masculine ideals as well as the extent to which those ideals shaped the settings in which they were situated. Although participants had different constellations of gender privilege, they all used dress to reinforce hegemonic masculinity, gain social advantages, and subsequently preserve the gender order. Failing to do so could put them personally and professionally at risk. My research nuances the hybrid masculinities framework by demonstrating how its enactment is shaped by the intersection between men’s social identities and social contexts.
Review of Studies Assessing Plaque Accumulation and Gingival Inflammation in Dogs
Authors: Hennet Philippe
Published: May 2018

Periodontal disease is difficult to measure objectively. Many indices measuring plaque accumulation and gingivitis have been designed for humans, the Silness and Löe plaque index and Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index being examples of well-accepted systems. It may, however, be beneficial to consider new or modified measurement systems for dogs, and such veterinary modifications need to be supported and clearly identified. This article reviews the origins of clinical periodontal indices now in common use in studies that examine the effectiveness of oral hygiene products.
Low-viscosity ionic liquid–doped solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Gupta Sandhya , Singh Pramod K , Bhattacharya B
Published: May 2018

Polymer electrolyte films based on poly(ethylene oxide) doped with salt sodium nitrate and ionic liquid (IL; 1-ethyl 3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate) have been prepared and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and impedance spectroscopy. The relative percentage of crystallinity of polymer electrolytes has been calculated by using DSC thermograms and electrical properties by using impedance spectroscopy. The incorporation of IL in polymer matrix increases the conductivity of polymer electrolyte. The maximum value of ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte is found to be 1.93 × 10−4 S m−1 with 9 wt% IL.
Preparation and properties of novel alternating poly(aryl ether ketone)
Authors: Liu Yongjun , Zhong Ming , Song Chen , Sheng Shouri , Liu Xiaoling , Hou Haoqing
Published: May 2018

Novel alternating poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) were prepared from a multiple aromatic difluoroketone monomer, that is, containing six aromatic rings via nucleophilic substitution polycondensation with various bisphenols. Each chain segment of the synthesized poly aryl ether ketone alternating copolymer was regularly separated by bisphenol units, which resulted in improvements in their thermal stability and solubility in common organic solvents. All glass transition temperatures of the alternating PAEKs were above 179°C, and the temperatures at 5% weight loss were above 446°C under nitrogen atmosphere. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that the resulting PAEKs were amorphous. PAEKs can form strong, transparent, and flexible films by solution casting, with a tensile strength of 72–79 MPa, Young’s modulus of 1.5–2.0 GPa, and elongation at break of 7–17%.
High thermally stable thermosetting polyimides derived from a carborane-containing tetramine
Authors: Wu Yuane , Feng Chen , Yang Jiping , Chen Gong
Published: May 2018

In this study, we report the preparation of thermosetting polyimides (PIs) based on carborane-containing tetramine and their characterizations. The novel tetramine 1,2-bis(4-(3,5-diaminobenzoic acid phenyl ester))carborane (CBNH) was synthesized and characterized firstly. Then, it was used in the preparation of two kinds of branched imide oligomers via the method of thermal imidization. The cure behavior of the obtained phenylethynyl-terminated oligomers was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of carborane substituent on the thermal properties of PIs was studied by comparing with a similar structure without the carborane group. The thermal properties of PIs and carbon fiber/PI composites were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. Because of the introduction of high steric hindrance of carborane structure, the resulting thermosets and carbon fiber/PI composites had excellent thermal property with a high char yield at 800°C (>66.5%) and a high glass transition temperature (up to 500°C), respectively.
Free vibration analysis of rotating functionally graded material plate under nonlinear thermal environment using higher order shear deformation theory
Authors: Parida S , Mohanty SC
Published: May 2018

In the present article, a higher order shear deformation theory is used to develop a finite element model for the free vibration analysis of a rotating functionally graded material plate in the thermal environment. The model is based on an eight-noded isoparametric element with seven degrees-of-freedom per node. The material properties are temperature dependent and graded along its thickness according to a simple power law distribution in terms of volume fraction of the constituents. The general displacement equation provides C0 continuity, and the transverse shear strain undergoes parabolic variation through the thickness of the plate. Therefore, the shear correction factor is not used in this theory. The obtained results are compared with the published results in the literature to determine the accuracy of the method. The effects of various parameters like hub radius, rotation speed, aspect ratio, thickness ratio, volume fraction index, and temperature on the frequency of rotating plate are investigated.
Thermohydraulic optimization of triple concentric-tube heat exchanger: A multi-objective approach
Authors: Amanuel Tarikayehu , Mishra Manish
Published: May 2018

In the present study, optimization of heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in a triple concentric tube heat exchanger has been done using the results of numerical simulation. A commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent v17.0 has been employed for simulating the flow and heat transfer, while optimization has been done by Response surface methodology (RSM) and Genetic algorithm (GA). The effective parameters in the study are Reynolds number (2500 ≤ Re ≤ 10,000) and Length to hydraulic diameter ratio (100 ≤ L/Dh ≤ 220). The optimum values, as well as the functional relationship between the design factors (Re and L/Dh) and response variables (Nu and f), have also been developed. It has been found that both the design factors (Re and L/Dh) have a strong influence on the response variables (Nu and f). With the increase in Re (flow rate), a large growth in Nusselt number and decline in friction factor has been observed. However, with the increase in L/Dh, an enormous decrease in both Nusselt number and friction factor has been found.
The influence of foot hyperpronation on pelvic biomechanics during stance phase of the gait: A biomechanical simulation study
Authors: Yazdani Farzaneh , Razeghi Mohsen , Karimi Mohammad Taghi , Raeisi Shahraki Hadi , Salimi Bani Milad
Published: May 2018

Despite the theoretical link between foot hyperpronation and biomechanical dysfunction of the pelvis, the literature lacks evidence that confirms this assumption in truly hyperpronated feet subjects during gait. Changes in the kinematic pattern of the pelvic segment were assessed in 15 persons with hyperpronated feet and compared to a control group of 15 persons with normally aligned feet during the stance phase of gait based on biomechanical musculoskeletal simulation. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected while participants walked at a comfortable self-selected speed. A generic OpenSim musculoskeletal model with 23 degrees of freedom and 92 muscles was scaled for each participant. OpenSim inverse kinematic analysis was applied to calculate segment angles in the sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes. Principal component analysis was employed as a data reduction technique, as well as a computational tool to obtain principal component scores. Independent-sample t-test was used to detect group differences. The difference between groups in scores for the first principal component in the sagittal plane was statistically significant (p = 0.01; effect size = 1.06), but differences between principal component scores in the frontal and horizontal planes were not significant. The hyperpronation group had greater anterior pelvic tilt during 20%–80% of the stance phase. In conclusion, in persons with hyperpronation we studied the role of the pelvic segment was mainly to maintain postural balance in the sagittal plane by increasing anterior pelvic inclination. Since anterior pelvic tilt may be associated with low back symptoms, the evaluation of foot posture should be considered in assessing the patients with low back and pelvic dysfunction.
A new method to enhance the impingement/effusion cooling performance: Applying a guiding ring to the hot side
Authors: Cai Lin , Wei Xiong , Guo Jianghua
Published: May 2018

Impingement/effusion cooling is widely used in gas turbine combustor cooling and other industrial fields. In this paper, a new method to enhance the impingement/effusion cooling performance by applying a guiding ring to the hot side of effusion plate has been carried out. The heat transfer flow field with or without guiding ring have been calculated using computational fluid dynamics simulation. The shear stress transport k–ω model is selected for the turbulence model. The experiment data reported in the literature has been used for numerical verification. After grid independent learning, both single effusion hole and multiple effusion holes model have been investigated. The results show that, for the single-hole model, the maximum cooling effectiveness ( η) is increased to about 0.2 when setting a guiding ring in front of the effusion hole. While for the multiple holes model, the cooling effectiveness is obviously enhanced in the region of X/ d = 0–47.0. In order to analyze the mechanism of cooling enhancement, the velocity field and turbulence kinetic energy distribution have been given and discussed, including the moment ratio distribution of the multiple effusion holes model. Meanwhile, the temperature distribution of the guiding ring has been carried out. It shows that the guiding ring root zone is cooled by the impingement coolant, which makes the guiding ring surface temperature relatively low.
Policy reform and fathers’ use of parental leave in Germany: The role of education and workplace characteristics
Authors: Geisler Esther , Kreyenfeld Michaela
Published: May 2018

The introduction of the parental leave benefit scheme in 2007 is widely regarded as a landmark reform that has shifted the German welfare state towards a model that better supports work and family life compatibility. In this article, we investigate whether and how this reform has affected men’s use of parental leave based on data from the German microcensus of 1999–2012. We find that parental leave usage has increased across all educational levels, but the shift has been strongest for university-educated fathers. Public sector employment is beneficial for men’s uptake of leave, while self-employment and temporary work lowers fathers’ chances of taking leave. The parental leave reform has not affected these associations much.