bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and predictive values of pyroptosis-related genes in sepsis
Authors: Wang Xuesong , Guo Zhe , Wang Ziyi , Liao Haiyan , Wang Ziwen , Chen Feng , Wang Zhong
Published: February 2023

Background

Sepsis is an organ dysfunction syndrome caused by the body’s dysregulated response to infection. Yet, due to the heterogeneity of this disease process, the diagnosis and definition of sepsis is a critical issue in clinical work. Existing methods for early diagnosis of sepsis have low specificity.

Aims

This study evaluated the diagnostic and predictive values of pyroptosis-related genes in normal and sepsis patients and their role in the immune microenvironment using multiple bioinformatics analyses and machine-learning methods.

Methods

Pediatric sepsis microarray datasets were screened from the GEO database and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with pyroptosis were analyzed. DEGs were then subjected to multiple bioinformatics analyses. The differential immune landscape between sepsis and healthy controls was explored by screening diagnostic genes using various machine-learning models. Also, the diagnostic value of these diagnosis-related genes in sepsis (miRNAs that have regulatory relationships with genes and related drugs that have regulatory relationships) were analyzed in the internal test set and external test.

Results

Eight genes (CLEC5A, MALT1, NAIP, NLRC4, SERPINB1, SIRT1, STAT3, and TLR2) related to sepsis diagnosis were screened by multiple machine learning algorithms. The CIBERSORT algorithm confirmed that these genes were significantly correlated with the infiltration abundance of some immune cells and immune checkpoint sites (all P<0.05). SIRT1, STAT3, and TLR2 were identified by the DGIdb database as potentially regulated by multiple drugs. Finally, 7 genes were verified to have significantly different expressions between the sepsis group and the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The pyroptosis-related genes identified and verified in this study may provide a useful reference for the prediction and assessment of sepsis.
Influenced tumor microenvironment and tumor immunity by amino acids
Authors: Yu Min , Zhang Shuang
Published: January 2023

It is widely accepted that tumors are a complex tissue composed of cancer cells, extracellular matrix, inflammatory cells, immune cells, and other cells. Deregulation of tumor microenvironment promotes tumor aggressiveness by sustaining cell growth, invasion, and survival from immune surveillance. The concepts that some dietary nutrients could change tumor microenvironment are extremely attractive. Many studies demonstrated that high-fat diet-induced obesity shaped metabolism to suppress anti-tumor immunity, but how amino acids changed the tumor microenvironment and impacted tumor immunity was still not totally understood. In fact, amino acid metabolism in different signaling pathways and their cross-talk shaped tumor immunity and therapy efficacy in cancer patients. Our review focused on mechanisms by which amino acid influenced tumor microenvironment, and found potential drug targets for immunotherapy in cancer.
Joint spatiotemporal models to predict seabird densities at sea
Authors: Arimitsu Mayumi L. , Piatt John F. , Thorson James T. , Kuletz Katherine J. , Drew Gary S. , Schoen Sarah K. , Cushing Daniel A. , Kroeger Caitlin , Sydeman William J.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Seabirds are abundant, conspicuous members of marine ecosystems worldwide. Synthesis of distribution data compiled over time is required to address regional management issues and understand ecosystem change. Major challenges when estimating seabird densities at sea arise from variability in dispersion of the birds, sampling effort over time and space, and differences in bird detection rates associated with survey vessel type.

Methods

Using a novel approach for modeling seabirds at sea, we applied joint dynamic species distribution models (JDSDM) with a vector-autoregressive spatiotemporal framework to survey data collected over nearly five decades and archived in the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database. We produced monthly gridded density predictions and abundance estimates for 8 species groups (77% of all birds observed) within Cook Inlet, Alaska. JDSDMs included habitat covariates to inform density predictions in unsampled areas and accounted for changes in observed densities due to differing survey methods and decadal-scale variation in ocean conditions.

Results

The best fit model provided a high level of explanatory power (86% of deviance explained). Abundance estimates were reasonably precise, and consistent with limited historical studies. Modeled densities identified seasonal variability in abundance with peak numbers of all species groups in July or August. Seabirds were largely absent from the study region in either fall (e.g., murrelets) or spring (e.g., puffins) months, or both periods (shearwaters).

Discussion

Our results indicated that pelagic shearwaters (Ardenna spp.) and tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata) have declined over the past four decades and these taxa warrant further investigation into underlying mechanisms explaining these trends. JDSDMs provide a useful tool to estimate seabird distribution and seasonal trends that will facilitate risk assessments and planning in areas affected by human activities such as oil and gas development, shipping, and offshore wind and renewable energy.
Assessment of marine protected areas in the East China Sea using a management effectiveness tracking tool
Authors: Chen Mingyang , Zeng Cong , Zeng Xu , Liu Yue , Wang Zihan , Shi Xiaojing , Cao Ling
Published: January 2023

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are important tools for maintaining biodiversity, mitigating climate change, and conserving and restoring natural ecosystems. Management effectiveness assessment is an important component of conservation management in protected areas. In this study, we constructed a management effectiveness assessment tool based on publicly available information for China, with a total score of 126. We used the tool to systematically assess 27 national MPAs in the East China Sea. Our results showed that marine nature reserves (MNRs) and marine special reserves (MSRs) could be classified into two and three classifications, respectively, including MNRs I (n = 4, scores = 88-100), MNRs II (n = 6, scores = 75-81), MSRs I (n = 8, scores = 75-90), MSRs II (n = 6, scores = 59-75) and MSRs III (n = 3, scores = 53-56). Factors influencing the management effectiveness of nature reserves were the length of establishment and general public budget revenue, while for special reserves they were the length of establishment and total agricultural output value. Furthermore, protected areas with high management effectiveness scores tend to have a longer establishment time, dedicated management departments, adequate management staff and financial investment compared to those with low scores. In addition, the low-score MPAs require more communication with stakeholders. The study provides an objective and comprehensive systematic scoring of MPAs’ management using METT-based framework and multi-source data. It overcomes the challenge of the general lack of data on MPAs and provides a new approach to management effectiveness assessment.
Submesoscale variability in a mesoscale front captured by a glider mission in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea
Authors: Salm Kai , Liblik Taavi , Lips Urmas
Published: January 2023

Modern research methods enable unfolding the structure of the water column with higher resolution than ever, revealing the importance of submesoscale. Submesoscale processes have intermediate space and time scales of <5 km and a few days in the Baltic Sea. A glider mission was conducted in the Gulf of Finland in May 2018. The appearance of a mesoscale front as a response to the persisting NE–E winds was observed. Within the front, smaller scale features at a lateral scale of a km were apparent. The tracer patterns indicated the presence of two adjacent motions – cold (warm) water penetrating upward (downward) on the lighter (denser) side of the front. We suggest they were traces of ageostrophic secondary circulation emerging while the loss of the upwelling-favorable forcing arrested the strengthening of the front. The analysis showed favorable conditions for the baroclinic and wind-driven instability. Such circulations could work to equalize the differences in cross-front direction, affecting the stratification and acting against the persistence of the mesoscale front. The spatial spectra of isopycnal tracer variance revealed the depth-dependence of the spectral slopes at the lateral scales of 1–10 km in the upper part of the water column. The differing of the slopes in the density layers associated with the mesoscale front indicates that frontal dynamics contribute to the energy cascade.
Combinative solution processing and Li doping approach to develop p-type NiO thin films with enchanced electrical properties
Authors: Oluwabi Abayomi T. , Spalatu Nicolae , Maticiuc Natalia , Katerski Atanas , Mere Arvo , Krunks Malle , Acik Ilona Oja
Published: February 2023

The deposition of nickel oxide (NiOx) thin film from an acetylacetonate source using many solution-based techniques has been avoided owing to its poor solubility in alcohol solvents. From this perspective, this work provides a systematic investigation of the development of NiOx thin film, using a combinative approach of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) and Li dopant for the synthesis and optimization of structural and optoelectronic properties of the films. An in-depth comparative analysis of nickel acetylacetonate-based precursor, employing acetonitrile and methanol as solvents, is provided. It is demonstrated that USP from acetylacetonate precursor yielded uniform, well-compact, and transparent films, with polycrystalline cubic NiOx crystal structures. By screening the deposition temperature in the range of 300–450°C, a temperature of 400°C was identified as an optimal processing temperature leading to uniform, compact, highly transparent, and p-type conductive films. At optimized deposition conditions (400°C), lithium-doped NiOx (Li:NiOx) thin film was deposited. The shift of the main (200) XRD peak position from 43.48° (0-Li:NiOx) to 43.56° (60-Li:NiOx) indicated Li incorporation into the NiOx lattice. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study was employed to unravel the incorporation of Li into the deposited Li:NiOx thin films. With the deconvolution of the Ni 2p core level for the as-deposited (0, 60)-Li:NiOx films, the intensity of Ni3+ related peak was found to increase slightly with Li doping. Furthermore, all the deposited Li:NiOx thin films showed p-type conductivity behavior, and the resistivity was reduced from 104 Ωcm (0-Li:NiOx) to 102 Ωcm (60-Li:NiOx). Based on these results, the deposited NiOx and Li:NiOx thin films suggested that USP-deposited Li:NiOx is highly suitable for application in inverted structure solar cells as the hole transport layer.
Trichinella infections in animals and humans of Iran and Turkey
Authors: Borhani Mehdi , Fathi Saeid , Harandi Majid Fasihi , Simsek Sami , Ahmed Haroon , Wu Xiaoxia , Liu Mingyuan
Published: February 2023

Trichinellosis is considered as a cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by different species of the small nematodes of the genus Trichinella. The present study aimed to provide a broad review for exploring Trichinella sp. infection in humans and animals of Iran and Turkey. Additionally, we aimed to explore bases for trichinellosis prevention and control. Two reports of human trichinellosis following the consumption of meat of wild boar are available in the northern Iran. A large outbreak of trichinellosis and some other sporadic cases are reported mainly as a result of eating wild boar or pork meat from Turkey, where T. britovi is present. Field studies show that Trichinella sp. infections occur in wild carnivores of Iran, particularly the golden jackal (Canis aureus) as the most frequently infected species. T. britovi has been reported to be present elsewhere in Iran in wild mammals, where wild boar is the main source of Trichinella sp. infection. In Turkey, Trichinella spp. has been reported from animals including both domesticated and wild pigs and gray wolf (Canis lupus). However, current data on the distribution of Trichinella taxa are fragmentary in the Anatolian region.
Ultrastructural and proteomic evidence for the presence of a putative nucleolus in an Archaeon
Authors: Islas-Morales Parsifal F. , Cárdenas Anny , Mosqueira María J. , Jiménez-García Luis Felipe , Voolstra Christian R.
Published: February 2023

Nucleoli are subcellular compartments where transcription and maturation of pre-ribosomal RNAs occur. While the transcription of ribosomal RNAs is common to all living cells, the presence and ultrastructure of nucleoli has been only documented in eukaryotes. Asgard-Archaea, the closest prokaryotic relatives of eukaryotes, and their near relatives TACK-Archaea have homologs of nucleolar proteins and RNAs in their genome, but the cellular organization of both is largely unexplored. Here we provide ultrastructural and molecular evidence for the presence of putative nucleolus-like subcellular domains in the TACK crenarchaeonSaccharolobus solfataricus(formerly known asSulfolobus solfataricus). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed consistent electron-dense fibro-granular compartments, also positive to the specific silver staining for nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR). TEM also confirmed that ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is spatially distributed in non-random, clustered arrays underlying fine structures, as observed by ultrastructuralin situhybridization (UISH). To further explore these observations, proteomic sequencing of isolated bands from AgNOR-stained protein gels was conducted and compared against a compiled inventory of putative nucleolar homologs from theS. solfataricusP1 genome. Sequenced AgNOR-sensitive peptides encoded homologs of eukaryotic nucleoli proteins, enriched for nucleolus-related functions. Our results provide first evidence that subcellular domains of nucleolar-like nature are not exclusive to eukaryotes. Based on our data, we propose a model for a putative nucleolus inS. solfataricus. Whereas technical limitations and further aspects remain a matter for future functional studies, our data supports the origin of nucleoli within the common ancestor of Eukarya and TACK-Archaea, based on a two-domain tree of life.
Coping with salt stress-interaction of halotolerant bacteria in crop plants: A mini review
Authors: Ramasamy Kesava Priyan , Mahawar Lovely
Published: February 2023

Salinity is one of the major environmental abiotic stress factors that limit the growth and yield of crop plants worldwide. It is crucial to understand the importance of several adaptive mechanisms in plants toward salt stress so as to increase agricultural productivity. Plant resilience toward salinity stress is improved by cohabiting with diverse microorganisms, especially bacteria. In the last few decades, increasing attention of researchers has focused on bacterial communities for promoting plant growth and fitness. The biotechnological applications of salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) gained widespread interest for their numerous metabolites. This review provides novel insights into the importance of halotolerant (HT) bacteria associated with crop plants in enhancing plant tolerance toward salinity stress. Furthermore, the present review highlights several challenges of using HT-PGPR in the agricultural field and possible solutions to overcome those challenges for sustainable agriculture development in the future.
Interrogating the role of the milk microbiome in mastitis in the multi-omics era
Authors: Couvillion Sneha P. , Mostoller Katie E. , Williams Janet E. , Pace Ryan M. , Stohel Izabel L. , Peterson Haley K. , Nicora Carrie D. , Nakayasu Ernesto S. , Webb-Robertson Bobbie-Jo M. , McGuire Mark A. , McGuire Michelle K. , Metz Thomas O.
Published: February 2023

There is growing interest in a functional understanding of milk-associated microbiota as there is ample evidence that host-associated microbial communities play an active role in host health and phenotype. Mastitis, characterized by painful inflammation of the mammary gland, is prevalent among lactating humans and agricultural animals and is associated with significant clinical and economic consequences. The etiology of mastitis is complex and polymicrobial and correlative studies have indicated alterations in milk microbial community composition. Recent evidence is beginning to suggest that a causal relationship may exist between the milk microbiota and host phenotype in mastitis. Multi-omic approaches can be leveraged to gain a mechanistic, molecular level understanding of how the milk microbiome might modulate host physiology, thereby informing strategies to prevent and ameliorate mastitis. In this paper, we review existing studies that have utilized omics approaches to investigate the role of the milk microbiome in mastitis. We also summarize the strengths and challenges associated with the different omics techniques including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics and provide perspective on the integration of multiple omics technologies for a better functional understanding of the milk microbiome.
Retinorecipient areas in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): An image-forming and non-image forming circuitry
Authors: Santana Nelyane Nayara M. , Silva Eryck H. A. , dos Santos Sâmarah F. , Costa Miriam S. M. O. , Nascimento Junior Expedito S. , Engelberth Rovena Clara J. G. , Cavalcante Jeferson S.
Published: February 2023

The mammalian retina captures a multitude of diverse features from the external environment and conveys them via the optic nerve to a myriad of retinorecipient nuclei. Understanding how retinal signals act in distinct brain functions is one of the most central and established goals of neuroscience. Using the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a monkey from Northeastern Brazil, as an animal model for parsing how retinal innervation works in the brain, started decades ago due to their marmoset’s small bodies, rapid reproduction rate, and brain features. In the course of that research, a large amount of new and sophisticated neuroanatomical techniques was developed and employed to explain retinal connectivity. As a consequence, image and non-image-forming regions, functions, and pathways, as well as retinal cell types were described. Image-forming circuits give rise directly to vision, while the non-image-forming territories support circadian physiological processes, although part of their functional significance is uncertain. Here, we reviewed the current state of knowledge concerning retinal circuitry in marmosets from neuroanatomical investigations. We have also highlighted the aspects of marmoset retinal circuitry that remain obscure, in addition, to identify what further research is needed to better understand the connections and functions of retinorecipient structures.
Ultrasound-guided glenohumeral joint injections for shoulder pain in ALS: A case series
Authors: Burke Katherine M. , Ellrodt Amy S. , Joslin Benjamin C. , Sanpitak Pia P. , MacAdam Claire , Deo Prabhav , Ozment Kevin , Shea Cristina , Johnson Stephen A. , Ho Doreen , Chu Samuel K. , Babu Ashwin N. , Franz Colin K. , Paganoni Sabrina
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Shoulder pain is a common secondary impairment for people living with ALS (PALS). Decreased range of motion (ROM) from weakness can lead to shoulder pathology, which can result in debilitating pain. Shoulder pain may limit PALS from participating in activities of daily living and may have a negative impact on their quality of life. This case series explores the efficacy of glenohumeral joint injections for the management of shoulder pain due to adhesive capsulitis in PALS.

Methods

People living with ALS and shoulder pain were referred to sports medicine-certified physiatrists for diagnostic evaluation and management. They completed the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale and a questionnaire asking about their pain levels and how it impacts sleep, function, and quality of life at baseline pre-injection, 1-week post-injection, 1 month post-injection, and 3 months post-injection.

Results

We present five cases of PALS who were diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis and underwent glenohumeral joint injections. Though only one PALS reported complete symptom resolution, all had at least partial symptomatic improvement during the observation period. No complications were observed.

Conclusions

People living with ALS require a comprehensive plan to manage shoulder pain. Glenohumeral joint injections are safe and effective for adhesive capsulitis in PALS, but alone may not completely resolve shoulder pain. Additional therapies to improve ROM and reduce pain should be considered.
Sprouty4 at the crossroads of Trk neurotrophin receptor signaling suppression by glucocorticoids
Authors: Ferrero Restelli Facundo , Federicci Fernando , Ledda Fernanda , Paratcha Gustavo
Published: February 2023

Glucocorticoids (GC) affect neuronal plasticity, development and function of the nervous system by inhibiting neurotrophin-induced Trk signaling. It has been established that pretreatment with dexamethasone (DEX) restricts Neurotrophin-induced neurite outgrowth by inhibiting Trk-dependent activation of Ras-Erk1/2 signaling pathways. However, the precise molecular mechanism through which DEX interferes with neurotrophin signaling and Trk-mediated neurite outgrowth has not been clearly defined yet. Here, we observed that in PC12 cells DEX treatment promotes the transcription of Sprouty4, a regulatory molecule that is part of a negative feedback module that specifically abrogates Ras to Erk1/2 signaling in response to NGF. In line with this, either knockdown of Sprouty4 or overexpression of a dominant negative form of Sprouty4 (Y53A), rescue the inhibition of NGF/TrkA-promoted neurite outgrowth and Erk1/2 phosphorylation induced by DEX. Likewise, treatment of hippocampal neurons with DEX induces the expression of Sprouty4 and its knockdown abrogates the inhibitory effect of DEX on primary neurite formation, dendrite branching and Erk1/2 activation induced by BDNF. Thus, these results suggest that the induction of Sprouty4 mRNA by DEX translates into a significant inhibition of Trk to Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Together, these findings bring new insights into the crosstalk between DEX and neurotrophin signaling and demonstrate that Sprouty4 mediates the inhibitory effects of DEX on neurotrophin function.
Evaluation of global Cenchrus germplasm for key nutritional and silage quality traits
Authors: Singh Sultan , Singh Tejveer , Singh Krishan Kunwar , Srivastava Manoj Kumar , Das Madan Mohan , Mahanta Sanat Kumar , Kumar Neeraj , Katiyar Rohit , Ghosh Probir Kumar , Misra Asim Kumar
Published: February 2023

Cenchrus is important genera of grasses inhabiting tropical pastures and the Indian grasslands system. Its forage value is well established to sustain nomadic livestock and wildlife. This study deals with the evaluation of the representative set of global Cenchrus germplasm collection with 79 accessions belonging to six species (C. ciliaris, C. setigerus, C. echinatus, C. myosuroides, C. pennisetiformis, and C. biflorus) at flowering stage. Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, and lignin values were in the range of 61.1–136, 640–749, 373–490, 277–375, and 35.6–75.50 g kg−1DM, respectively, while sugar contents varied from 11.6 to 101 mg g−1 DM. From the evaluated germplasm, 14 accessions of C. ciliaris having >70 mg g−1 DM sugar contents were selected and further evaluated for protein, fiber, carbohydrate and protein fractions, palatability indices, in vitro CH4 production, and ensiling traits. Protein contents were lower in EC397323 (61.8) and higher in IG96-96 (91.5), while the NDF, ADF, cellulose, and lignin contents varied between 678–783, 446–528, 331–405, and 39.6–62.0 g kg−1DM, respectively. The carbohydrate and protein fractions of selected accessions differed (p < 0.05), and the sugar contents varied (p < 0.05) between 74.6 and 89.6 mg−1g DM. Dry matter intake (DMI) and relative feed value (RFV) of accessions varied (p < 0.05) and were in the range of 1.53–1.77% and 58.2–73.8 g kg−1 DM, respectively. The total digestible nutrients (TDNs), digestible energy (DE), and metabolizable energy (ME) of selected accessions varied between 362–487 g kg−1 DM, 6.62–8.90, and 5.42–7.29 Mj kg−1 DM, respectively. In vitro gas and CH4 production (24 h) varied (p < 0.05) between 73.1 to 146 and 7.72 to 21.5 ml/g, respectively, while the degraded dry matter (g kg−1 DM) and CH4 (ml/g DDM) ranged between 399–579 and 17.4–47.2, respectively. The DM contents at ensiling, silage pH, and lactic acid contents of accessions differed (p < 0.05) and ranged between 185–345 g kg−1 DM, 5.10–6.05, and 1.39–23.3 g kg−1 DM, respectively. Wide genetic diversity existed in germplasm and selected C. ciliaris accessions for protein fiber, energy, sugar, and other nutritional traits. Silage prepared from EC397366, IG96-96, IG96-50, and EC397323 had pH and lactic acid contents acceptable for moderate to good quality silage of tropical range grasses.
Joint effects of paraoxonase 1 rs662 polymorphism and vitamins C/E intake on coronary artery disease severity (Gensini and SYNTAX scores) and lipid profile in patients undergoing coronary angiography
Authors: Darand Mina , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Vahidi Mehrjardi Mohammad Yahya , Feizi Awat , Seyedhossaini Seyed Mustafa , Askari Gholamreza
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Considering the emergence of the concept of personalized nutrition in recent years and its importance in the treatment of diseases, the purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of paraoxonase (PON)1 rs662 polymorphism and vitamin C/E intake on coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and lipid profile in patients undergoing diagnostic angiography.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was carried out on 428 patients undergoing angiography. The PON-1 genotypes were detected by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Dietary intake was obtained using a valid questionnaire.

Results

After adjustment for potential confounders, R allele carriers (RR + RQ) have lower HDL-C levels than non-carriers (QQ) (P ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, higher consumption of vitamin C was associated with a reduced risk of high total cholesterol (OR: 0.42, 95% CI 0.23–0.75, P = 0.003) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 0.49, 95% CI 0.25–0.96, P = 0.038) and an increased risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.88, 95% CI 1.03–3.42, P = 0.037). Furthermore, a significant interaction was observed between vitamin C intake and genotypes of rs66 polymorphism on LDL-C (P = 0.050). In detail, the R-allele carriers with lower vitamin C intake had higher LDL-C levels than QQ genotype carriers. No significant interaction was found between vitamin E intake and rs662 polymorphism genotypes on the Gensini and SYNTAX scores and lipid profile (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The novel finding of the present study was the existence of a significant interaction between rs662 polymorphism and vitamin C intake on LDL-C. More specifically, R allele carriers with lower vitamin C intake were susceptible to higher LDL-C.
Effect of a regular consumption of traditional and roasted oat and barley flakes on blood lipids and glucose metabolism–A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Reiners Sarah , Hebestreit Sandra , Wedekind Lisa , Kiehntopf Michael , Klink Anne , Rummler Silke , Glei Michael , Lorkowski Stefan , Schlörmann Wiebke , Dawczynski Christine
Published: February 2023

Background

Regular consumption of the soluble dietary fiber β-glucan is associated with decreased total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and blood glucose. Barley and oat flakes as natural sources of β-glucan were roasted to improve sensory quality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether roasting of barley and oat flakes changes the physiological impact of the β-glucan-rich flakes on glucose and lipid metabolism.

Method

A five-armed randomized crossover trial design was used. The intervention study was conducted from May 2018 to May 2019 and included 32 healthy subjects with moderately increased LDL cholesterol (≥2.5 mmol/L). During the 3-week intervention periods, 80 g of roasted or traditional barley or oat flakes, or four slices of white toast bread per day were consumed for breakfast. At the start and the end of each intervention, fasting and postprandial blood was taken. The intervention periods were separated by 3-week wash-out periods.

Results

During the interventions with the cereal flakes, TC and LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced compared to baseline values by mean differences of 0.27–0.33 mmol/L and 0.21–0.30 mmol/L, respectively (p < 0.05), while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was only reduced after the intervention with barley flakes (p < 0.05). After the intervention period with toast, TC and HDL cholesterol increased (p < 0.05). The fasting levels of triglycerides, fasting blood glucose and insulin did not change in any group. The effects of traditional and roasted varieties on blood lipids did not differ between the groups.

Conclusion

The regular consumption of traditional or roasted barley and oat flakes contributes to the management of cardiovascular diseases by improving TC and LDL cholesterol.

Clinical trial registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03648112, identifier NCT03648112.
Choline supplementation regulates gut microbiome diversity, gut epithelial activity, and the cytokine gene expression in gilts
Authors: Zhan Xiaoshu , Fletcher Lauren , Huyben David , Cai Haiming , Dingle Serena , Qi Nanshan , Huber Lee-Anne , Wang Bingyun , Li Julang
Published: February 2023

Choline is an essential nutrient that is necessary for both fetal development and maintenance of neural function, while its effect on female ovarian development is largely unexplored. Our previous study demonstrated that choline supplementation promotes ovarian follicular development and ovulation, although its underlying mechanism was unclear. To uncover the potential regulation pathway, eighteen female Yorkshire × Landrace gilts were fed with either standard commercial diet (Control group, n = 9) or choline supplemented diet (Choline group, additional 500 mg/kg of control diet, n = 9) from day 90 of age to day 186. At day 186, feces samples were analyzed for effects on the gut microbiome using 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3–V4 region sequencing with Illumina MiSeq, serum samples were analyzed for trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) using HILIC method, and jejunum tissues were analyzed for immune related gene expression using qRT-PCR. Our results show that choline supplementation did not alter the circulating level of TMA and TMAO (P > 0.05), but rather increased gut microbiome alpha diversity (P < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis results showed that the choline diet mainly increased the abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, but decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Euryarchaeota at the phyla level. Meta-genomic analysis revealed that choline supplementation activated pathways in the gut microbiota associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis and degradation of infertility-causing environmental pollutants (bisphenol, xylene, and dioxins). To further verify the effect of choline on intestinal activity, a porcine intestine cell line (IPEC-J2) was treated with serial concentrations of choline chloride in vitro. Our data demonstrated that choline promoted the proliferation of IPEC-J2 while inhibiting the apoptotic activity. qRT-PCR results showed that choline significantly increased the expression level of Bcl2 in both IPEC-J2 cells and jejunum tissues. The expression of IL-22, a cytokine that has been shown to impact ovarian function, was increased by choline treatment in vitro. Our findings reveal the beneficial effect of choline supplementation on enhancing the gut microbiome composition and intestinal epithelial activity, and offer insights into how these changes may have contributed to the ovarian development-promoting effect we reported in our previous study.
Nomogram incorporating preoperative clinical and ultrasound indicators to predict aggressiveness of solitary papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Liu Long , Jia Chao , Li Gang , Shi Qiusheng , Du Lianfang , Wu Rong
Published: January 2023

Objective

To construct a nomogram based on preoperative clinical and ultrasound indicators to predict aggressiveness of solitary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods

Preoperative clinical and ultrasound data from 709 patients diagnosed with solitary PTC between January 2017 and December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with PTC aggressiveness, and these factors were used to construct a predictive nomogram. The nomogram’s performance was evaluated in the primary and validation cohorts.

Results

The 709 patients were separated into a primary cohort (n = 424) and a validation cohort (n = 285). Univariate analysis in the primary cohort showed 13 variables to be associated with aggressive PTC. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independent predictors of aggressive behavior were age (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.30-3.35), tumor size (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 2.17-7.37), capsule abutment (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.50-4.26), and suspected cervical lymph nodes metastasis (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.20-5.21). The nomogram incorporating these four predictors showed good discrimination and calibration in both the primary cohort (area under the curve, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.72-0.81; Hosmer–Lemeshow test, P = 0.967 and the validation cohort (area under the curve, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66-0.78; Hosmer–Lemeshow test, P = 0.251).

Conclusion

The proposed nomogram shows good ability to predict PTC aggressiveness and could be useful during treatment decision making.

Advances in knowledge

Our nomogram—based on four indicators—provides comprehensive assessment of aggressive behavior of PTC and could be a useful tool in the clinic.
The level of kinesiophobia in breast cancer women undergoing surgical treatment
Authors: Malchrowicz-Mośko Ewa , Nowaczyk Piotr , Wasiewicz Janusz , Urbaniak Tomasz , Siejak Wojciech , Rozmiarek Mateusz , Czerniak Urszula , Demuth Anna , Aguirre-Betolaza Aitor Martinez , Castañeda-Babarro Arkaitz
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Lifestyle-associated factors like physical activity (PA) play an important role in cancer prevention and oncology treatment outcomes. The aim of the study is to investigate the level of kinesiophobia (fear of movement) in breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing surgical treatment depending on socio-demographic variables, lifestyle before cancer diagnosis, stage and type of BC and comorbidities.

Methods

We interviewed 285 women (132 patients from Greater Poland Cancer Center – age: 55.7 ± 12.4; BMI: 26.7 ± 4.7 and 153 healthy women from control group – age: 49.0 ± 15.7; BMI: 25.7 ± 4.0) using Polish adaptation of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK).

Results

Research results show that women with BC suffer from kinesiophobia (>37 points) signi!cantly. Approximately 3/4 of the surveyed women with BC did not know the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations regarding the weekly dose of PA for healthy people and for people with cancer. Before cancer diagnosis more than a half of women (60%) performed PA in accordance with WHO recommendations. 7% less women performed PA during oncology treatment. Almost a half of patients are not physically active during cancer treatment and 1/5 of the respondents declared that they do not know yet if they will be physically active after oncology treatment. The level of kinesiophobia in BC women with comorbidities was the same as in the group of BC women without comorbidities. However, the highest levels of fear of movement have been observed among women with BC suffering also from osteoporosis, obesity and diabetes. In general, higher levels of kinesiophobia were reported among women in less advanced stages of the disease. There were no differences in the level of kinesiophobia depending on the type of BC (hormonally dependent luminal cancers vs. other types). The level of kinesiophobia did not differ between women who were physically active before BC diagnosis and women who were not. In terms of socio- demographic variables, we found one direct association between the level of kinesiophobia (pain) with age – the greater age, the higher level of pain kinesiophobia.

Discussion

Research on fear of movement in female oncology requires further research (including also chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and hormonal therapy) and in order to effectively eliminate hypokinetic attitudes at every stage of cancer treatment.
Application of laparoscopic modified Bacon operation in patients with low rectal cancer and analysis of the changes in anal function: A retrospective single-center study
Authors: Lu Wei , Huang Shujuan , Ye Hui , Xiang Shang , Zeng Xiangsheng
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To investigate the value of modified Bacon operation in patients with low rectal cancer.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 60 patients treated with laparoscopic surgery for low rectal cancer in the Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital affiliated to Yangtze University, from 2019 to 2022, divided into observation and control groups based on the method of the operation (laparoscopic modified Bacon operation group and laparoscopic Dixon operation with prophylactic ileostomy group). We compared the variations between the two groups.

Results

The length of the abdominal surgical incision was shorter in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05). In the observation group, the length of hospital stay after the first operation was shorter(P<0.05), the both operations time and the second intraoperative bleeding were less(P<0.05), the DET score at one week after the first operation and the VAS after both operations were fewer than in the control group(P<0.05), the postoperative rate of ischemic necrosis of the exposed bowel was higher(P<0.05), and the anal function was poorer in the short term after the second operation compared with the control group(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the anal function at 6 months after the second operation compared with the control group(P>0.05).12 months after the second operation, the anal function has recovered to the preoperative level in the observation group(P>0.05).

Conclusion

The laparoscopic modified Bacon operation has smaller abdominal wounds, which reduces postoperative pain; it does not require the use of staplers, which reduces the patient’s financial burden; no postoperative anastomotic leakage occurs, and a more satisfactory anal function can be obtained.
Interleukin-34 and immune checkpoint inhibitors: Unified weapons against cancer
Authors: Alshaebi Fadhl , Safi Mohammed , Algabri Yousif A. , Al-Azab Mahmoud , Aldanakh Abdullah , Alradhi Mohammed , Reem Alariqi , Zhang Caiqing
Published: January 2023

Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a cytokine that is involved in the regulation of immune cells, including macrophages, in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Macrophages are a type of immune cell that can be found in large numbers within the TME and have been shown to have a role in the suppression of immune responses in cancer. This mmune suppression can contribute to cancer development and tumors’ ability to evade the immune system. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a type of cancer treatment that target proteins on immune cells that act as “checkpoints,” regulating the activity of the immune system. Examples of these proteins include programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). ICIs work by blocking the activity of these proteins, allowing the immune system to mount a stronger response against cancer cells. The combination of IL-34 inhibition with ICIs has been proposed as a potential treatment option for cancer due to the role of IL-34 in the TME and its potential involvement in resistance to ICIs. Inhibiting the activity of IL-34 or targeting its signaling pathways may help to overcome resistance to ICIs and improve the effectiveness of these therapies. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning the involvement of IL-34-mediated regulation of TME and the promotion of ICI resistance. Besides, this work may shed light on whether targeting IL-34 might be exploited as a potential treatment option for cancer patients in the future. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the role of IL-34 in TME and to determine the safety and efficacy of this approach in cancer patients.
Pilot study of archimedes virtual bronchoscopic navigation system-guided biopsy to diagnose lung nodules in children
Authors: Yang Haiming , Turgon Elijan , Pan Yuena , Wen Xiaohui , Zhang Xiaoyan , Shen Yuelin , Wang Feng
Published: February 2023

Background

Peripheral pulmonary lesions are uncommon in children. Bronchoscopy is a minimal invasive method to obtain a diagnostic lung biopsy. However, due to the lack of effective guidance methods, the diagnostic efficacy of transbronchial lung biopsy for peripheral solitary pulmonary diseases is still limited.

Research question

Is the Archimedes virtual bronchoscopic navigation system safe and effective for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions in children?

Study design and methods

This pilot study retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, radiological characteristics, operation processes, intra-and postoperative complications, and pathological results of five children who underwent Archimedes-guided biopsy of peripheral pulmonary lesions in Beijing Children's Hospital from May 2021 to May 2022.

Results

The cohort comprised five children (all males) with age of 7.1–15.8 years. A guide sheath was inserted through the bronchoscope under the guidance of Archimedes combined with radial endobronchial ultrasound to complete the biopsy under general anesthesia. The fused fluoroscopy technique was used to reconfirm the location of the forceps prior to biopsy in all children. The forceps reached the lesion under the guidance of the navigation and the samples were collected successfully in all children. Pathological examination of the biopsy specimens showed Epstein-Barr virus infection-related lymphoproliferative disease in one child, pulmonary metastasis of rhabdomyosarcoma in one child, and pulmonary vasculitis in one child; high-throughput sequencing of the biopsy tissue sample identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis (sequence no. 80) in one child and Aspergillus (sequence no. 40) in another child. All five children tolerated the biopsy procedure without developing postoperative complications, such as pneumothorax and hemoptysis.

Interpretation

Archimedes-guided bronchoscopic lung biopsy is a feasible and efficient way to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions in children with manageable complications.
Nicotine alleviates MPTP-induced nigrostriatal damage through modulation of JNK and ERK signaling pathways in the mice model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ruan Sisi , Xie Jiqing , Wang Linhai , Guo Lulu , Li Yan , Fan Wu , Ji Rongzhan , Gong Zhenlin , Xu Yan , Mao Jian , Xie Jianping
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Nicotine (Nic) has previously been proven to reduce neurodegeneration in the models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The present study is intended to investigate the detailed mechanisms related to the potential neuroprotective effects of Nic in vivo.

Methods: We established a PD model using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced C57BL6 mice (25 mg/kg/d, 5 d, i.p.) to investigate the neuropharmacological modulation of Nic pretreatment (2.5 mg/kg/d, 5 d, i.p., 30 min before MPTP injection) from the perspectives of neurobehavioral assessment, the pathological alterations, microglial cell inflammation and MAPK signaling pathways in specific brain regions.

Results: The open field test, elevated plus maze, rotarod and traction test suggested that Nic pretreatment could significantly improve MPTP-induced motor impairment and had an anxiolytic effect. Nic was found to improve neuroapoptosis, enhance tyrosine hydroxylase activity, and reduce the accumulation of the phosphorylated α-synuclein in the substantia nigra and striatal regions of PD mice by TUNEL and immunohistochemical assays. Immuno-fluorescent method for labeling Iba1 and CD68 indicated that Nic remarkably alleviates the activation of microglia which represents the M1 polarization state in the mice brain under MPTP stimulation. No significant difference in the expression of p38/MAPK pathway was found in the nigrostriatal regions, while Nic could significantly inhibit the elevated p-JNK/JNK ratio and increase the declined p-ERK/ERK ratio in the substantia nigra of MPTP-exposed brains, which was further confirmed by the pretreatment of CYP2A5 inhibitor to decline the metabolic activity of Nic.

Discussion: The molecular signaling mechanism by which Nic exerts its neuroprotective effects against PD may be achieved by regulating the JNK and ERK signaling pathways in the nigra-striatum related brain regions.
Measuring the nuclear magnetic quadrupole moment in heavy polar molecules
Authors: Ho C. J. , Lim J. , Sauer B. E. , Tarbutt M. R.
Published: February 2023

Theories that extend the Standard Model of particle physics often introduce new interactions that violate charge-parity (CP) symmetry. Charge-parity-violating effects within an atomic nucleus can be probed by measuring its nuclear magnetic quadrupole moment (MQM). The sensitivity of such a measurement is enhanced when using a heavy polar molecule containing a nucleus with quadrupole deformation. We determine how the energy levels of a molecule are shifted by the magnetic quadrupole moment and how those shifts can be measured. The measurement scheme requires molecules in a superposition of magnetic sub-levels that differ by many units of angular momentum. We develop a generic scheme for preparing these states. Finally, we consider the sensitivity that can be reached, showing that this method can reduce the current uncertainties on several charge-parity-violating parameters.
Eicosanoids and other oxylipins in liver injury, inflammation and liver cancer development
Authors: Alba Mario M. , Ebright Brandon , Hua Brittney , Slarve Ielyzaveta , Zhou Yiren , Jia Yunyi , Louie Stan G. , Stiles Bangyan L.
Published: February 2023

Liver cancer is a malignancy developed from underlying liver disease that encompasses liver injury and metabolic disorders. The progression from these underlying liver disease to cancer is accompanied by chronic inflammatory conditions in which liver macrophages play important roles in orchestrating the inflammatory response. During this process, bioactive lipids produced by hepatocytes and macrophages mediate the inflammatory responses by acting as pro-inflammatory factors, as well as, playing roles in the resolution of inflammation conditions. Here, we review the literature discussing the roles of bioactive lipids in acute and chronic hepatic inflammation and progression to cancer.