The state of humoral immunity in patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity
Authors: Samusenko D.S. , Popov M.M. 
Published: December 2024

Background. One of the urgent problems of modern otolaryngology is infectious diseases of the nasal cavity, which are most often associated with bacterial agents. Among them, the most widespread is furunculosis of the nose, which is the most frequent pathology encountered in otolaryngological practice, in which the development of purulent complications is highly likely. In persons with immunosuppressive conditions, endocrine pathology and young children, FN can have a severe course with complications that can lead to life-threatening conditions. Taking into account that there is no tendency to decrease the incidence of FN, this determines the relevance of the investigated problem, its social significance and the study of the features of immunopathogenesis and the need to search for effective rational therapy.

Purpose – to study the peculiarities of humoral immunity in patients with furunculosis of the nasal cavity.

Materials and Methods. An immunological study was conducted in 42 patients with furunculosis of the nasal cavity aged 22–68 years. Among them, 25 are women (59,5%), 17 are men (40,5%). The average age of the patients was 34.3±12.2 years. The first group of the study included 22 people with a frequency of FN relapses 1–2 times a year, the 2nd group consisted of 20 people with a frequency of FN relapses 4 or more times a year. The control group consisted of 25 healthy individuals without signs of obvious acute and chronic otolaryngological pathology. The state of the systemic immune response was assessed by indicators of the phagocytic ability of blood leukocytes, the content of the main classes of immunoglobulins and complement in blood serum. The study was conducted in the acute period. In patients, the content of lysozyme, immunoglobulins and saliva was determined spectrometrically. Statistical data processing was carried out using the software package «Statistica 10.0 for Windows». For each variation series, the arithmetic mean (M), the mean square deviation (σ), and the mean error of the arithmetic mean (m) were calculated. Student's T-test was used to detect probable differences. Differences were considered probable at the level of values (р < 0,05).

Results. The conducted studies proved that FN in patients of the 1st and 2nd groups occurs against the background of reduced content and activity of local factors of humoral immunity – lysozyme and sIgA. When studying the total content of immunoglobulins and complement in the blood serum of patients with FN, it was established that the indicators of all classes of immunoglobulins probably exceeded the indicators of the control group (р0.05). The study of indicators of the phagocytic link of immunity in patients with FN (Table 3) established that the indicators of PF, FI and biocidal differed by statistical probability compared to the indicators of control values (р < 0,05).

Conclusions. The study of the state of humoral immunity made it possible to establish that the indicators of the immune status in patients with FN had probable differences compared to the indicators of the control group of patients. The practical use of these indicators can be applied in the practice of otolaryngologists and family physicians.