bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A numerical model to predict three-dimensional interaction dynamic of low-medium-speed maglev vehicle–guideway bridge system
Authors: Huang Fenghua , Cheng Bin , Teng Nianguan
Published: February 2021

This paper established a numerical model to investigate the dynamic behavior of LMS (low-medium-speed) maglev vehicle-guideway bridge coupling system. In this model, the vehicle was simulated as a 3D (3-dimensional) multi-rigid body with 45 DOFs (degree of freedoms), and the guideway bridge was built through finite element method. Two-dimensional magnet-guideway relationship was introduced, and the control strategies of active suspension control based on PID controller and passive guidance control were employed to reflect the vehicle-guideway interaction. A solution program was then developed to solve the vehicle-guideway interaction problem. Through case study, the vibration responses achieved from 3D interaction model were compared to those from corresponding 2D (2-dimensional) model. Besides, the effects of pier and guideway irregularity on dynamic responses of vehicle-guideway bridge coupling system were investigated, and the frequency responses of vehicle and guideway were also analyzed. The result shows that ignoring the pier modeling or guideway irregularity would significantly undervalue the vibration responses of maglev vehicle-guideway bridge interaction system. The frequency responses indicate that the vibrations of vehicle-guideway bridge system are significantly related to the geometric dimensions of maglev vehicle, especially the distance between two magnet units. Finally, parametric study was carried out to determine the effects of key parameters (i.e., vehicle speed and natural frequency of guideway) on guideway responses.
Hearing loss in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yuen Erick , Fried Jacob , Nguyen Shaun A , Rizk Habib G , Ward Celine , Meyer Ted A
Published: February 2021

Objective

To determine the prevalence of hearing loss (HL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), describe frequency-specific hearing threshold changes in this patient population as compared to age-matched control, and compare the clinical and serological profiles of patients with SLE with and without HL.

Methods

A systematic review querying four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane) was performed. Meta-analysis of available data was performed to determine the overall prevalence and odds ratio (OR) of HL, and compare mean differences in frequency-specific hearing thresholds between patients with SLE and control. Additionally, meta-analysis of proportions allowed for comparison of disease features present in patients with SLE with and without sensorineural HL.

Results

This review included 17 studies reporting on 1326 patients (635 with SLE and 691 control). The pooled prevalence of HL in patients with SLE was 27%. In comparison to control, patients with SLE had a significantly higher odds of HL (OR 14.6, 95% CI: 8.5 to 25.0). Mean air-conduction hearing thresholds in patients with SLE were significantly elevated relative to control at 125 and 250 Hz. Mean bone-conduction hearing thresholds were significantly elevated in patients with SLE across all measured frequencies except at 3000 and 6000 Hz compared to control. Disease features did not significantly differ between patients with SLE with and without HL.

Conclusion

Compared to age-matched control, patients with SLE have increased odds of HL, which primarily manifests at low frequencies. Therefore, this patient population requires greater audiologic attention.
Effects of particulate reinforcements on the hardness, impact and tensile strengths of AA 6061-T6 friction stir weldments
Authors: Abioye TE , Zuhailawati H , Anasyida AS , Ayodeji SP , Oke PK
Published: February 2021

Due to loss of structural strengthening at temperatures beyond 250°C, heat-treated aluminium alloys (e.g. AA 6061-T6) weldments are usually characterized with poor mechanical properties including hardness, tensile and impact strengths. In this work, friction stir weldments of AA 6061-T6 reinforced with the additions of SiC, B4C and Al2O3 particles at the joints were produced and investigated for improved hardness, tensile strength and impact strength over the unreinforced weldment. The results showed that the entire reinforced welded joint exhibited improved hardness because of the enhanced metal matrix grain refinement and inherent high hardness of the reinforcement particles. B4C particle addition produced hardest joint of about 81% of the base metal hardness (∼114 HV0.3). The impact energies of the SiC (16.9 J), B4C (16.5) and Al2O3 (12.2 J) reinforced weldments are closer to that of the base metal (18.6 J) compared with the unreinforced weldment (9.6 J). The reinforced weldments showed no significant improvement over the tensile strength of the unreinforced weldment. B4C and SiC reinforcements produced the highest improvements in the hardness (at the joint) and impact strength of the AA 6061-T6 friction stir weldments, respectively.
Use of a Head-Tilting Baseplate During Tomotherapy to Shorten the Irradiation Time and Protect the Hippocampus and Lens in Hippocampal Sparing-Whole Brain Radiotherapy
Authors: Miura Kosei , Kurosaki Hiromasa , Utsumi Nobuko , Sakurai Hideyuki
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study is to comparatively examine the possibility of reducing the exposure dose to organs at risk, such as the hippocampus and lens, and improving the dose distribution of the planned target volume with and without the use of a head-tilting base plate in hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy using tomotherapy.

Methods:

Five paired images of planned head computed tomography without and with tilt were analyzed. The hippocampus and planning target volume were contoured according to the RTOG 0933 contouring atlas protocol. The hippocampal zone to be avoided was delineated using a 5-mm margin. The prescribed radiation dose was 30 Gy in 10 fractions. The absorbed dose to planning target volume dose, absorbed dose to the organ at risk, and irradiation time were evaluated. The paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy with head tilts and without head tilts.

Results:

Hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy with tilt was not superior in planning target volume doses using the homogeneity index than that without tilt; however, it showed better values, and for Dmean and D2%, the values were closer to 30 Gy. Regarding the hippocampus, dose reduction with tilt was significantly greater at Dmax, Dmean, and Dmin, whereas regarding the lens, it was significantly greater at Dmax and Dmin. The irradiation time was also predominantly shorter.

Conclusion:

In our study, a tilted hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy reduced the irradiation time by >10%. Therefore, our study indicated that hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy with tomotherapy should be performed with a tilt. The head-tilting technique might be useful during hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy. This method could decrease the radiation exposure time, while sparing healthy organs, including the hippocampus and lens.
Upregulation of Long Noncoding RNA_GAS5 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Laryngeal Cancer via Regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Wenlin , Zhan Jiandong , Zhong Rong , Li Rui , Sheng Xiaoli , Xu Mimi , Lu Zhongming , Zhang Siyi
Published: February 2021

Background:

Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among head and neck cancers. Accumulating studies have indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in laryngeal cancer occurrence and progression, however, the functional roles and relative regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in laryngeal cancer progression remain unclear.

Methods:

The expression of lncRNA GAS5 in both laryngeal cancer tissues and cell lines was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. The relationships between lncRNA GAS5 expression and clinical parameters were also analyzed. To determine the biological function of lncRNA GAS5, a lncRNA GAS5-specific plasmid was first transfected into laryngeal cancer cells using lentiviral technology. Cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays were used to detect in vitro cell proliferation, apoptosis, cycle distribution, and metastasis abilities, respectively. Furthermore, in vivo cell growth experiments were also performed using nude mice. Additionally, western blotting was performed to identify the underlying regulatory mechanism.

Results:

In the current study, lncRNA GAS5 was downregulated in laryngeal cancer tissues and its low expression was closely associated with poor tumor differentiation, advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and shorter overall survival time. In addition, lncRNA GAS5 upregulation significantly inhibited laryngeal cancer cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in response to lncRNA GAS5 overexpression, more laryngeal cancer cells were arrested at the G2/M stage, accompanied by increased cell apoptosis rates and suppressed migration and invasion capacities. Mechanistically, our data showed that the overexpression of lncRNA GAS5 significantly regulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

LncRNA GAS5 might act as a suppressor gene during laryngeal cancer development, as it suppressed cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway; thus, lncRNA GAS5 is a promising therapeutic biomarker for the treatment of laryngeal cancer.
Enoxacin Exerts Anti-Tumor Effects Against Prostate Cancer Through Inducing Apoptosis
Authors: Xu Hongyan , Mao Minghuan , Zhao Rui , Zhao Qing
Published: February 2021

Background:

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer death in men. Enoxacin, a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was found with anti-proliferative effects against many cancer types. This study was to further investigate its effects against prostate cancer and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods:

PC-3 cells were treated with Enoxacin at different concentrations. Tumor model was established by subcutaneously injecting PC-3 cells into nude mice. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability. ELISA assay, Annexin V/PI staining and TUNEL assay were used to detect apoptosis. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to detect the gene and protein expression, respectively.

Results:

Our data showed that Enoxacin inhibited PC-3 cell proliferation and induced the apoptosis through up-regulating the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, while down-regulating expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins. Moreover, Enoxacin increased the gene and protein expression of the autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. Treating tumor-bearing mice with Enoxacin significantly inhibited tumor growth in xenograft tumor model.

Conclusion:

Our results suggested that Enoxacin could be developed as a potential anti-tumor agent against prostate carcinoma.
Buspirone Dose-Response on Facilitating Forelimb Functional Recovery in Cervical Spinal Cord Injured Rats
Authors: Ahmed Rakib Uddin , Edgerton V. Reggie , Li Shuai , Zheng Yong-Ping , Alam Monzurul
Published: February 2021

Buspirone, widely used as a neuropsychiatric drug, has also shown potentials for motor function recovery of injured spinal cord. However, the optimum dosages of such treatment remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the dose-response of Buspirone treatment on reaching and grasping function in cervical cord injured rats. Seventeen adult Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to reach and grasp sugar pellets before a C4 bilateral dorsal column crush injury. After 1 week post-injury, the rats were divided into 3 groups to receive 1 of 3 different dosages of Buspirone (i.p., 1 dose/day: 1.5, n = 5; 2.5, n = 6 and 3.5 mg/kg b.w., n = 6). Forelimb reaching and grip strength test were recorded once per week, within 1 hour of Buspirone administration for 11 weeks post-injury. Different dose groups began to exhibit differences in reaching scores from 4 weeks post-injury. From 4-11 weeks post-injury, the reaching scores were highest in the lowest-dose group rats compared to the other 2 dose groups rats. Average grip strength was also found higher in the lowest-dose rats. Our results demonstrate a significant dose-dependence of Buspirone on the recovery of forelimb motor functions after cervical cord injury with the best performance occurring at the lowest dose tested.
Witnessing the Ward: On the Emotional Labor of Doing Hospital Ethnography
Authors: Capurro Gabriela
Published: February 2021

This paper examines the emotional labor performed by researchers when undertaking ethnographic research in hospitals. Drawing on emotion work theory to situate emotions at the center of qualitative and interdisciplinary research, I provide a methodological reflection based on a 20-week long ethnography at a Canadian pediatric hospital I conducted in the context of a research project examining risk communication of antimicrobial resistance. I argue that the emotional labor in which hospital ethnographers engage starts long before the fieldwork and carries on throughout the project and into the data analysis and writing of results. I divide these instances of emotional labor into four categories: gaining and maintaining access to the field site, resolving ethical concerns, managing relations with participants, and witnessing human suffering. This paper addresses a gap in the literature regarding the various barriers that hospital ethnographers encounter as I reflect upon the challenges I faced and the emotional labor I intuitively engaged in and provide advice for researchers on how to navigate these barriers.
Bulkamid® injection in men: Cadaver study of operative technique and putative mechanism of action
Authors: Toia Bogdan , O’Connor Eabhann , Greenwell Tamsin J , Ockrim Jeremy L , Solomon Eskinder
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) is relatively common and of variable degree. Treatment of small-volume persistent PPI with a male sling or an artificial urinary sphincter is overly invasive, and the concept of intraurethral injection is very appealing in this situation. Bulkamid® is a nanoparticulate polyacrylamide and water polymer gel which is being used successfully in female stress urinary incontinence. We assessed the feasibility and effects of a four-point intraurethral technique on maximum urethral pressure (MUP) in male cadavers.

Methods:

Urethral pressure profile (UPP) was measured twice on two male fresh-frozen cadaver models before and after a four-point injection of 2 mL of Bulkamid® intraurethrally at the level of the sphincter in 0.5 mL aliquots using a 21Ch cystoscope with a 12° telescope and a 23G needle.

Results:

A clear UPP trace was recordable in both cadavers. The mean MUP at baseline was 38 cm H2O, and the mean MUP following Bulkamid® intraurethral injection increased to 55 cm H2O.

Conclusions:

Bulkamid® intraurethral injection in male cadavers is a simple technique that increases MUP. This increase in MUP may allow for treatment of low-volume PPI in men following prostate cancer treatment and warrants further study in the clinical situation.

Level of evidence:

Level 4.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its related psychological effect on orthopedic surgeries conducted in different types of hospitals in Taiwan
Authors: Shih Chia-Lung , Huang Peng-Ju , Huang Hsuan-Ti , Chen Chung-Hwan , Lee Tien-Ching , Hsu Chia-Hao
Published: February 2021

Aim:

Taiwan’s response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) differed in that it successfully prevented the spread without having to shutdown or overburden medical services. Patients’ fear regarding the pandemic would be the only reason to reduce surgeries, so Taiwan could be the most suitable place for research on the influence of psychological factors. This study aimed to assess the impact of patients’ fear on orthopedic surgeries in Taiwan amid the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Patients and Methods:

The investigation period included the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 to April 2020) and the corresponding period in the previous year. The following data on patients with orthopedic diseases were collected: outpatient visits, hospital admission, and surgical modalities.

Results:

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a 22%–29% and 20%–26% reduction in outpatients, 22%–27% and 25%–37% reduction in admissions, and 26%–35% and 18%–34% reduction in surgeries, respectively, at both hospitals. The weekly mean number of patients was significantly smaller during the COVID-19 pandemic for all types of surgery and elective surgeries at the university hospital, and for all types of surgery, elective surgeries, and total knee arthroplasties at the community hospital. Further, patients visiting the community hospital during the pandemic were significantly younger, for all types of surgery, elective surgeries, and total knee arthroplasties.

Conclusions:

The reduction in orthopedic surgeries in Taiwan’s hospitals during COVID-19 could be attributed to patients’ fear. Even without restriction, the pandemic inevitably led to a reduction of about 20%–30% of the operation volume.
Evolving scientific aptitude of poly(ethylene glycol) filled with carbonaceous nanofillers
Authors: Kausar Ayesha
Published: February 2021

There is rising interest in the development of poly(ethylene glycol) based nanocomposites. Poly(ethylene glycol) is a synthetic water soluble polyether polymerized from ethylene glycol monomer. Poly(ethylene glycol) matrix has been reinforced with various carbonaceous nanofillers such as graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotube, and nanodiamonds to form nanocomposites. In this state-of-the-art review, poly(ethylene glycol)/carbonaceous nanofiller nanocomposites and progress concerning the derived high performance nanomaterials are presented. The morphology, thermal, mechanical, electrical, and other characteristics are enhanced with the nanocarbon nanofillers. Modifying the poly(ethylene glycol) backbone and functionalizing the carbonaceous nanofiller improve the anticipated nanocomposite. Moreover, better nanoparticle dispersion and interaction with the poly(ethylene glycol) have been focused in this regard. Up till now, poly(ethylene glycol) nanocomposites have been researched for lithium ion battery, sensor, and biomedical applications particularly drug delivery and tissue engineering. Future research on poly(ethylene glycol)/carbonaceous nanofiller nanocomposites may help to overcome the challenges related to nanocomposite design and high performance, and may also open new application areas.
Immune profiles of male giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) during the breeding season
Authors: Shen Haibo , Li Caiwu , He Ming , Huang Yan , Wang Jing , Wang Minglei , Yue Bisong , Zhang Xiuyue
Published: February 2021

Background

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a threatened endemic Chinese species and a flagship species of national and global conservation concern. Life history theory proposes that reproduction and immunity can be mutually constraining and interrelated. Knowledge of immunity changes of male giant pandas during the breeding season is limited.

Results

Here, we researched peripheral blood gene expression profiles associated with immunity. Thirteen captive giant pandas, ranging from 9 to 11 years old, were divided into two groups based on their reproductive status. We identified 318 up-regulated DEGs and 43 down-regulated DEGs, which were enriched in 87 GO terms and 6 KEGG pathways. Additionally, we obtained 45 immune-related genes with altered expression, mostly up-regulated, and identified four hub genes HSPA4, SUGT1, SOD1, and IL1B in PPI analysis. These 45 genes were related to pattern recognition receptors, autophagy, peroxisome, proteasome, natural killer cell, antigen processing and presentation. SUGT1 and IL1B were related to pattern recognition receptors. HSP90AA1 was the most up-regulated gene and is a member of heat shock protein 90 family. HSP90 contributes to the translocation of extracellular antigen. KLRD1 encodes CD94, whose complex is an inhibitor of the cytotoxic activity of NK cells, was down-regulated. IGIP, which has the capability of inducing IgA production by B cells, was down-regulated, suggesting low concentration of IgA in male giant pandas. Our results suggest that most immune-related genes were up-regulated and more related to innate immune than adaptive immune.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that breeding male giant pandas presented an immunoenhancement in innate immunity, enhanced antigen presentation and processing in cellular immunity compared to non-breeding males. The humoral immunity of male giant pandas may show a tendency to decrease during the breeding season. This study will provide a foundation for further studies of immunity and reproduction in male giant pandas.
The cumulative impact of social determinants of health factors on mortality in adults with diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ozieh Mukoso N. , Garacci Emma , Walker Rebekah J. , Palatnik Anna , Egede Leonard E.
Published: February 2021

Background

A growing body of evidence supports the potential role of social determinants of health on health outcomes. However, few studies have examined the cumulative effect of social determinants of health on health outcomes in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with or without diabetes. This study examined the cumulative impact of social determinants of health on mortality in U.S. adults with CKD and diabetes.

Methods

We analyzed data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2005–2014) for 1376 adults age 20 and older (representing 7,579,967 U.S. adults) with CKD and diabetes. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. CKD was based on estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria. Diabetes was based on self-report or Hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%. Social determinants of health measures included family income to poverty ratio level, depression based on PHQ-9 score and food insecurity based on Food Security Survey Module. A dichotomous social determinant measure (absence vs presence of ≥1 adverse social determinants) and a cumulative social determinant score ranging from 0 to 3 was constructed based on all three measures. Cox proportional models were used to estimate the association between social determinants of health factors and mortality while controlling for covariates.

Results

Cumulative and dichotomous social determinants of health score were significantly associated with mortality after adjusting for demographics, lifestyle variables, glycemic control and comorbidities (HR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.18–1.68 and HR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.08–1.84, respectively). When investigating social determinants of health variables separately, after adjusting for covariates, depression (HR = 1.52, 95%CI 1.10–1.83) was significantly and independently associated with mortality, however, poverty and food insecurity were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Specific social determinants of health factors such as depression increase mortality in adults with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Our findings suggest that interventions are needed to address adverse determinants of health in this population.
Insights into preventing female genital mutilation/cutting in Sri Lanka: a qualitative interpretative study
Authors: Dawson Angela , Wijewardene Kumudu
Published: February 2021

Background

FGM/C is a cultural practice associated with adverse health outcomes that involves the partial or complete removal of the external female genitalia or injury to the genitalia. FGM/C is a form of violence against women and girls. There are no laws that specifically outlaw FGM/C in Sri Lanka and no national prevalence data. There is a lack of evidence about this practice to inform prevention efforts required to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 5.3.2, which focuses on the elimination of all harmful practices, including FGM/C.

Methods

We undertook a qualitative interpretative study to explore the knowledge and perceptions of community members, religious leaders and professionals from the health, legal and community work sectors in five districts across Sri Lanka. We aimed to identify strategies to end this practice.

Results

Two-hundred-and twenty-one people participated in focus group discussions and key informant interviews. A template analysis identified five top-level themes: Providers, procedures and associated rituals; demand and decision-making; the role of religion; perceived benefits and adverse outcomes; ways forward for prevention.

Conclusions

This study delivered detailed knowledge of FGM/C related beliefs, perceptions and practitioners and provided opportunities to develop an integrated programming strategy that incorporates interventions across three levels of prevention.
Ginkgolic acid and anacardic acid are specific covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 cysteine proteases
Authors: Chen Zinuo , Cui Qinghua , Cooper Laura , Zhang Pin , Lee Hyun , Chen Zhaoyu , Wang Yanyan , Liu Xiaoyun , Rong Lijun , Du Ruikun
Published: February 2021

Background

In the urgent campaign to develop therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, natural products have been an important source of new lead compounds.

Results

We herein identified two natural products, ginkgolic acid and anacardic acid, as inhibitors using a high-throughput screen targeting the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro). Moreover, our study demonstrated that the two hit compounds are dual inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) in addition to PLpro. A mechanism of action study using enzyme kinetics further characterized the two compounds as irreversible inhibitors against both 3CLproand PLpro. Significantly, both identified compounds inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro at nontoxic concentrations.

Conclusions

Our finding provides two novel natural products as promising SARS-CoV-2 antivirals.
Surgical and technological advances in the management of upper limb amputees
Authors: Geary Michael , Gaston Raymond Glenn , Loeffler Bryan
Published: February 2021

Upper limb amputations, ranging from transhumeral to partial hand, can be devastating for patients, their families, and society. Modern paradigm shifts have focused on reconstructive options after upper extremity limb loss, rather than considering the amputation an ablative procedure. Surgical advancements such as targeted muscle reinnervation and regenerative peripheral nerve interface, in combination with technological development of modern prosthetics, have expanded options for patients after amputation. In the near future, advances such as osseointegration, implantable myoelectric sensors, and implantable nerve cuffs may become more widely used and may expand the options for prosthetic integration, myoelectric signal detection, and restoration of sensation. This review summarizes the current advancements in surgical techniques and prosthetics for upper limb amputees.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):430–439.
Surgeon-directed transcranial motor evoked potential spinal cord monitoring in spinal deformity surgery
Authors: Magampa Ramanare Sibusiso , Dunn Robert
Published: February 2021

Aims

Spinal deformity surgery carries the risk of neurological injury. Neurophysiological monitoring allows early identification of intraoperative cord injury which enables early intervention resulting in a better prognosis. Although multimodal monitoring is the ideal, resource constraints make surgeon-directed intraoperative transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) monitoring a useful compromise. Our experience using surgeon-directed TcMEP is presented in terms of viability, safety, and efficacy.

Methods

We carried out a retrospective review of a single surgeon’s prospectively maintained database of cases in which TcMEP monitoring had been used between 2010 and 2017. The upper limbs were used as the control. A true alert was recorded when there was a 50% or more loss of amplitude from the lower limbs with maintained upper limb signals. Patients with true alerts were identified and their case history analyzed.

Results

Of the 299 cases reviewed, 279 (93.3%) had acceptable traces throughout and awoke with normal clinical neurological function. No patient with normal traces had a postoperative clinical neurological deficit. True alerts occurred in 20 cases (6.7%). The diagnoses of the alert group included nine cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) (45%) and six of congenital scoliosis (30%). The incidence of deterioration based on diagnosis was 9/153 (6%) for AIS, 6/30 (20%) for congenital scoliosis, and 2/16 (12.5%) for spinal tuberculosis. Deterioration was much more common in congenital scoliosis than in AIS (p = 0.020). Overall, 65% of alerts occurred during rod instrumentation: 15% occurred during decompression of the internal apex in vertebral column resection surgery. Four alert cases (20%) awoke with clinically detectable neurological compromise.

Conclusion

Surgeon-directed TcMEP monitoring has a 100% negative predictive value and allows early identification of physiological cord distress, thereby enabling immediate intervention. In resource constrained environments, surgeon-directed TcMEP is a viable and effective method of intraoperative spinal cord monitoring. Level of evidence: III Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):547–552.
MOBILIDADE CRIMINAL: O QUE SABEMOS?
Authors: Lúcio Nascimento Fillipi
Published: February 2021

Um dos objetos de estudo mais profícuos do campo da “geografia do crime” é o fenômeno da mobilidade criminal. Este objeto remonta a uma longa linhagem de estudos que correlacionam a disposição de contextos de oportunidade à manifestação de padrões espaciais da criminalidade. O eixo condutor deste extenso programa de pesquisa é a premissa de que a forma como o espaço é concebido, estruturado e ocupado propicia a ocorrência de determinadas práticas criminosas. O objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer as referências para um melhor entendimento do fenômeno da mobilidade criminal. Trata-se de uma extensa revisão de literatura, que busca sintetizar o estado da arte da área, ou seja, mapear como a literatura clássica e a mais recente, em nível global e local, tratam o tema. O que se pretende é oferecer uma ampla compreensão do processo de reconhecimento do fenômeno, de consolidação dos marcos conceituais e dos avanços teóricos e práticos, sobretudo no que diz respeito às implicações na condução de operações policiais com foco geográfico.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES FERRAMENTAS PARA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E DIAGNÓSTICO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS URBANOS
Authors: Castello Branco Jr. Armando , Freitas Miranda Kayra Helena , Marques Sampaio Tainá , Silva Rocha Farias Ana Karoline , Lacerda de Souza Lorraine , Santos Souza Ronier , Masson Vitor Luis , Rogado James
Published: February 2021

A água é um dos recursos naturais mais degradados pelo homem mesmo sendo um recurso renovável. A solução passa tanto por problemas técnicos como educacionais. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o uso conjunto de quatro ferramentas para realizar atividades de educação ambiental junto à comunidade do município mineiro de Iturama e o diagnóstico da qualidade da água de seus mananciais urbanos. Foram utilizadas o Mapeamento Ambiental Participativo, a Matriz SWOT/FOFA, a Análise Físico-química e Microbiológica da água e a Avaliação Ecológica Rápida de trechos dos quatro córregos urbanos. Revelou-se a percepção e visão críticas da comunidade participante em termos ambientais. Foram gerados tanto um mapa com grande riqueza de informações sobre aspectos ambientais como um plano de ação focando a melhoria de fragilidades ambientais e a manutenção das fortalezas elencadas pelos participantes. Todos os mananciais urbanos estavam contaminados por esgoto doméstico. Foi possível um ranqueamento de mananciais e trechos em termos de urgência de ações de recuperação ambiental. O uso conjunto das ferramentas se mostrou eficiente tanto para a promoção da consciência ambiental, como para contribuir com a gestão dos recursos hídricos do município.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO E MAPEAMENTO DOS SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS DE PROVISÃO NO MANGUEZAL DO RIO TIJUPÁ, ILHA DO MARANHÃO (REGIÃO NORDESTE DO BRASIL)
Authors: Santos Nayara Marques , Costa Diógenes Félix da Silva , Cestaro Luiz Antonio
Published: February 2021

Os serviços ecossistêmicos (SE) são bens tangíveis e intangíveis utilizados direta ou indiretamente pela sociedade. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os serviços de provisão prestados pelo manguezal do rio Tijupá e a sua distribuição espacial. Como procedimentos metodológicos utilizou-se um checklist preliminar a partir da consulta bibliográfica, a qual foi utilizada em entrevistas com os usuários na área. Os serviços ecossistêmicos foram identificados a partir da Classificação Comum Internacional (HAINES-YOUNG, POTSCHIN, 2013), e mapeados com base em Burkhard (2017). Os serviços de provisão identificados na área correspondem a: pesca, apicultura, retirada de madeira convertida em materiais (cerca, suporte doméstico), utilização da fauna para pesca, madeira convertida em energia (carvão). As unidades geoambientais (apicum, bosque de mangue, lavado e canais de maré) apresentaram prestação de serviços distintos, sendo o bosque de mangue e os canais de maré identificados locais de alta capacidade prestação de SEs. Estas informações são relevantes para integrar o mapeamento dos serviços prestados por este ecossistema, posto que dados sobre a distribuição, intensidade e demanda dos serviços são importantes para identificar as áreas mais vulneráveis as intervenções antrópicas, auxiliando no gerenciamento costeiro.
L’accès aux soins des migrants primo-arrivants
Authors: Morel Sylvie , Cottereau Victoire
Published: February 2021

Cet article vise à montrer comment les professionnels hospitaliers s’orga- nisent pour prendre en charge les patients migrants primo-arrivants atteints du VIH/ SIDA dans un contexte de travail doublement contraint par les politiques migratoires sécuritaires et les politiques gestionnaires (in)hospitalières qui complexifient l’accès aux soins et leur continuité. L’analyse repose sur un matériau de recherche composé d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de migrants et de professionnels des sec- teurs médical et social. Nous découvrons tout d’abord comment les précarités rendent difficiles la découverte de la maladie et l’accès aux soins. Puis, nous montrons que, face à ces situations, les professionnels inventent des solutions qui sont parfois à la limite de la légalité, afin de rendre effectifs l’accès aux traitements et la continuité des soins. Ces « pratiques buissonnières » signent l’existence d’une lutte silencieuse menée contre les inégalités et les discriminations dans l’accès aux soins des migrants.
Diabète des « immigrés » en France
Authors: Braud Rosane
Published: February 2021

Depuis les années 2010 en France, une politique ciblée sur une catégorie d’« immigré » est organisée dans le cadre de la lutte contre les inégalités sociales face au diabète. À l’appui d’un terrain ethnographique en milieu hospitalier et d’une enquête par questionnaire, cet article interroge la manière dont ces actions ciblées interfèrent avec les mécanismes contribuant aux inégalités de santé. Après avoir analysé les contours et le sens donné à cette catégorie par les acteurs, l’article revient sur différentes formes de traitements différentiels observées. Le point de vue des malades concernés permet finalement de mieux saisir comment ces orientations politiques actuelles participent paradoxalement le plus souvent de la fabrique et du renforcement des inégalités.
Maurice Godelier – Suivre Jésus et faire du business, une petite société tribale dans la mondialisation
Authors: Premat Christophe
Published: February 2021

« [Les humains] produisent de nouvelles formes d’existence sociale, donc de sociétés, pour continuer à vivre. Et en transformant leurs manières de vivre, ils transforment leurs manières de penser et d’agir, donc leur culture », écrivait Maurice Godelier (2009 : 10) lorsqu’il analysait les relations entre communauté, société, culture et identité.
Le classement de Shanghai. L’université marchandisée - Hugo Harari-Kermadec, 2019
Authors: Descamps David
Published: February 2021

Recensé : Harari-Kermadec H., Le classement de Shanghai. L’université marchandisée, collection L’économie encastrée, Lormont, Le Bord de l’eau, 2019, 168 p.
Una perspectiva histórica sobre los usos y significados del concepto de calidad en las políticas escolares chilenas
Authors: Galioto Carmelo , Henríquez Vásquez Rodrigo
Published: February 2021

El propósito del artículo es reconocer el cuadro semántico que se construyó en torno al concepto de calidad en las políticas escolares chilenas entre 1979 y 1984, desarrollando un análisis histórico conceptual desde tres tipos de fuentes: documentos legales; documentos de instituciones del Estado y documentos relativos a la discusión ocurrida sobre el tema en la esfera pública. Mediante el enfoque de la historia conceptual reconocimos tres estratos de significación del concepto: la calidad vinculada a la reestructuración del sistema escolar; la calidad concebida como efecto de la escuela en los aprendizajes de los estudiantes y la calidad como resultado de las mediciones del rendimiento junto con su interpretación y posible uso de estos resultados. En torno a este último estrato se generó una disputa entre los decisores políticos y los expertos técnicos de los instrumentos de medición, entendida exclusivamente en relación con el rendimiento escolar, dejando de lado un sentido más amplio que va más allá del rendimiento medido. Finalmente, después de la reconstrucción histórica, identificamos las lógicas subyacentes a estos estratos de significación y mencionamos algunas implicancias de los hallazgos históricos para el estudio del papel que el concepto de calidad juega en las políticas educativas contemporáneas.
Autonomía escolar al servicio del éxito educativo para todos
Authors: Ceballos López Noelia , Saiz Linares Ángela
Published: February 2021

En este artículo examinamos cómo se ha configurado la autonomía de las escuelas a la luz de las declamaciones legislativas nacionales y europeas, analizando su evolución hacia una regulación neoliberal que ejerce un control a posteriori, a partir de la rendición de cuentas. Ante esta peligrosa deriva y la evidencia de que la autonomía no se puede decretar, presentamos los resultados de una investigación cualitativa que analiza cómo una escuela de Cantabria (España) construye un proyecto educativo inclusivo que responde a las necesidades de su contexto, haciendo uso de un espacio propio de autonomía. Utilizamos estrategias de producción de datos como las entrevistas semiestructuradas, el análisis de documentos, los grupos de discusión con alumnado y docentes (incluidos el equipo directivo y la orientadora) y las observaciones participantes. Sometemos estos datos a un proceso de análisis, empleando estrategias de tipo inductivo y deductivo, y colegimos algunas claves que pueden iluminar las vías de desarrollo de la autonomía en otros centros: la construcción de un Proyecto Educativo de Centro compartido por la comunidad; el ejercicio de un liderazgo distributivo; la formación docente; y los procesos de evaluación en espiral (interna y externa).
Optimale nichtlineare Regelung von permanenterregten Synchronmaschinen
Authors: Kemmetmüller Wolfgang , Faustner David , Kugi Andreas
Published: February 2021

Die Momentenregelung von permanenterregten Synchronmaschinen (PSM) ist eine häufige Aufgabe. Moderne Motorkonstruktionen und
der Betrieb bis weit in die magnetische Sättigung führen zu einer schlechten Regelgüte von klassischen Regelungsstrategien. In diesem
Beitrag wird die PSM mit einem Reluktanznetzwerk modelliert, das die magnetische Sättigung und höhere harmonische Charakteristiken
berücksichtigt. Anschließend wird für zwei Bauformen von PSM eine optimale flachheitsbasierte Regelungsstrategie entwickelt. Die
Regelgüte wird schließlich anhand von Messungen an einem Prüfstand nachgewiesen.
Benthic-epiphytic dinoflagellates from the northern portion of the Mesoamerican Reef System
Authors: Almazán-Becerril Antonio , Escobar-Morales Sergio , Rosiles-González Gabriela , Valadez Francisco
Published: February 2021

In 2010, we surveyed 42 sampling locations at 11 sites along the Mexican part of the Mesoamerican Reef System, including eight protected natural areas of the coastal state of Quintana Roo, to determine the richness of benthic-epiphytic dinoflagellates in the area. At each site, the host macroalgae of the genera Dictyota, Halimeda, Laurencia, Sargassum, and Stypopodium were manually collected. A total of 383 samples were analyzed microscopically using transmitted light, epifluorescence with calcofluor staining, and scanning electron microscopy. A total of 24 dinoflagellate species distributed among the genera Amphidinium, Bysmatrum, Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum, Plagiodinium, and Sinophysis were identified. Prorocentrum is the most diverse genus in the benthic-epiphytic environment with 13 species. This work also includes 15 new records of species from the Mexican Caribbean.
Spore dispersal in the intertidal kelp Lessonia spicata: macrochallenges for the harvested Lessonia species complex at microscales of space and time
Authors: Parada Gloria M. , Tellier Florence , Martínez Enrique A.
Published: February 2021

The intertidal coast of Chile has two cryptic kelp species, Lessonia spicata and L. berteroana, which share closely situated, but not overlapping, high-energy habitats. Their populations recover slowly after major disturbances and massive mortalities, suggesting that dispersal from remnant populations is strongly limited. This low dispersal is also a factor that probably favours the speciation process. Understanding the limiting factors for spore dispersal is crucial. Here we evaluated 1. spore dispersal and spore dilution over distance, 2. if submersion in calm waters for a specific period of time is needed for the settlement of spores before exposure to water movement, and 3. duration of spore attachment ability. Results were consistent with the hypothesis of low-distance dispersal of spores: stained-spore dilution was high at short spatial scales (<4 m); spores settled quickly (1–2 min) even under constant water movement, but they lost the ability to attach rapidly (≤16 h). Water motion did not affect spore attachment to the substratum, a fact probably resulting from an adaptation to high energy intertidal habitats. The very low dispersal range of the spores may explain the strong genetic differentiation at small spatial scales, the speciation event that occurred within the Lessonia species complex and the slow recovery of L. berteroana after massive mortalities occurring with the 1982/1983 El Niño Southern oscillation event.
Learned effects of structural components of newscasts on viewers’ information processing: The case of Stings
Authors: Barreda-Ángeles Miguel , Pereda-Baños Alexandre , Ferràndiz-Bofill Xavier , Costa Albert
Published: February 2021

This article proposes that syntactic features of newscasts can act as learned motivational stimuli determining both viewers’
attention and memory for information. An experiment was conducted in which we manipulated the presence of stings (a type
of widely used audiovisual connector) and the arousal levels of stories, while participants’ attention and recall of information
were measured. The results suggest that stings elicit motivational activation among viewers; however, differences in motivational
activation were observed depending on whether it was due to arousing content or to stings. These results highlight the relevance
of accounting for learned motivational processes in media information processing research.
Bounds for twisted symmetric square L-functions
Authors: Munshi Ritabrata
Published: February 2021

Let be a newform, and let be a primitive character of conductor . Assume that q is a prime and . In this paper we describe a method to establish convexity breaking bounds of the form

for some and any . In particular, for we show that the bound holds with .
Restriction of Fourier transforms to curves:
An endpoint estimate with affine arclength measure
Authors: Bak Jong-Guk , Oberlin Daniel M. , Seeger Andreas
Published: February 2021

Consider the Fourier restriction operators
associated to curves in ℝ
d
, .
We prove
for various classes of curves
the endpoint restricted strong
type estimate with respect to affine arclength measure on the curve.
An essential ingredient is an interpolation result for
multilinear operators with symmetries
acting on sequences of vector-valued functions.
A Different Imagination: Authenticity and Inauthenticity of Narrating Kashmir
Authors: Dutta Abhijit
Published: February 2021

More than two decades of violent conflict has earned Kashmir international fame as the most militarized place on earth and a nuclear flashpoint. Within India, the discourse on Kashmir is a polarizing force, with contesting meaning systems co-existing in parallel. Each of these meaning systems is cultivated through a complex of vested inter-textual narratives, including literature and film, and marketed as “authentic” interpretations of Kashmir via incestuous cross-referencing. In the absence of access to the “real” Kashmir in any direct way, these narratives serve as the only sources for Indians to construct their imagination of this troubled land. This paper uses the example of Kashmiriyat - a differently interpreted ethno-social construct - to illustrate the structural divisions in the narrativization of Kashmir. This is done via a Peircean reading of specimen texts that conform to three general categories - Hindu Indian nationalist, Muslim Indian nationalist of Kashmiri origin, and resident Kashmiri Muslim - and mapping their meaning using the trichotomy of Interpretants. In conclusion, it is proposed that any hope of a resolution of the Kashmir conflict needs to locate the discrete meaning systems illustrated by the paper in a “philosophical space” (Poole, 1972) - a space that allows a more inclusive and meaningful imagination, a different imagination of Kashmir.