bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inherited disorders of desmosomes
Authors: McGrath John A
Published: September 2005

Desmosomes are highly organized intercellular junctions that provide mechanical integrity to tissues by anchoring intermediate filaments to sites of strong adhesion. These cell–cell adhesion junctions are found in skin, heart, lymph nodes and meninges. Over the last 8 years, several naturally occurring human gene mutations in structural components of desmosomes have been reported. These comprise autosomal dominant or recessive mutations in plakophilin 1, plakophilin 2, desmoplakin, plakoglobin, desmoglein 1, desmoglein 4 and corneodesmosin. These discoveries have often highlighted novel or unusual phenotypes, including abnormal skin fragility and differentiation, and developmental anomalies of various ectodermal appendages, especially hair. Some desmosomal gene mutations may also result in cardiac disease, notably cardiomyopathy. This article describes the spectrum of clinical features that may be found in the inherited disorders of desmosomes and highlights the key functions of several of the desmosomal proteins in tissue adhesion and cell biology.
Hair casts due to a deodorant spray
Authors: Ena Pasquale , Mazzarello Vittorio , Chiarolini Fausto
Published: September 2005

A 7‐year‐old girl presented with itching and greyish‐white sleeve‐like structures in her hair. After ruling out other possible causes for the symptoms, such as nits and dandruff, it was determined that the patient was affected by hair casts. These are small cylindrical structures resembling louse eggs that encircle individual scalp hairs and are easily movable along the hair shafts. It was concluded that she had induced the condition through misuse of a deodorant body spray. Scanning electron microscopy combined with electron dispersive X‐ray analysis (X‐ray microanalysis) of the hair casts showed the chemical nature of the structures. Some elements present in the composition of the ingredients of the deodorant spray, such as aluminium, chlorine, silicon, magnesium and carbon, were also present in this uncommon type of hair casts.
Eccrine porocarcinoma of the upper eyelid
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Scolyer Richard A , Chia Ee‐Munn , Steven David , Ghabrial Raf
Published: September 2005

A 75‐year‐old Caucasian man presented with foreign‐body‐type irritation of the left eye. Physical examination revealed a 12 × 10‐mm nodule in his left upper eyelid, which reportedly had been present unchanged for more than 40 years. No other ophthalmological abnormalities were present. Incisional biopsy of the lesion revealed a malignant tumour that was thought to possibly represent a sebaceous carcinoma. However, a subsequent wide surgical excision showed that the tumour was an eccrine porocarcinoma, a rare sweat gland adenocarcinoma arising from the acrosyringium.
Paternal overprotection in obsessive‐compulsive disorder and depression with obsessive traits
Authors: YOSHIDA TAKAFUMI , TAGA CHIAKI , MATSUMOTO YOSHITAKE , FUKUI KENJI
Published: September 2005

Abstract  Previous studies have indicated that a parental rearing style showing a low level of care on the parental bonding instrument (PBI) is a risk factor for depression, and that there is a relationship between the overprotective rearing style on the PBI and obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). However, there is no study on the parental rearing attitudes in depressive patients divided into two groups based on their obsessive traits. In this study, we evaluated the parental rearing attitudes and examined the differences among four groups: depressive patients with severe obsessive traits, depressive patients with mild obsessive traits, OCD patients, and healthy volunteers. We divided the depressive patients into severe and mild groups based on their obsessive traits on the Mausdley Obsessional‐Compulsive Inventory (MOCI). We compared PBI scores among four groups of 50 subjects matched for age and sex: depressive patients with severe obsessive traits, depressive patients with mild obsessive traits, OCD patients, and healthy volunteers. The paternal protection scores in the depressive patients with severely obsessive traits and the OCD patients were significantly higher than those in the depressive patients with mildly obsessive traits and healthy volunteers. This study indicated that the depressive patients with severe obsessive traits and the OCD patients have similar paternal controlling and interfering rearing attitudes. We conclude that the paternal controlling and interfering rearing attitudes are linked to the development of OCD and depression with obsessive traits, and are not linked to the development of depression itself.
Predicting efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder
Authors: TSUCHIYAMA KOUNOSUKE , NAGAYAMA HARUO , YAMADA KUMIKO , ISOGAWA KOICHI , KATSURAGI SATOMI , KIYOTA AKIO
Published: September 2005

Abstract  The aim of this study was to investigate methods for predicting the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with major depressive disorder. Subjects comprised 24 inpatients with major depressive disorder diagnosed according to DSM‐IV criteria who were resistant to antidepressant therapy or who, due to adverse reactions, could not undergo pharmacotherapy at adequate doses for sufficient durations. ECT was generally performed 12 times using a sinusoidal‐wave device. Efficacy of ECT was evaluated using the 17‐item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). Multiple regression analysis was performed, using the final rate of improvement with ECT as the dependent variable, and improvement rate at completion of three ECT sessions and adequacy of pharmacotherapy before ECT as independent variables. Significant positive correlations were seen between final improvement rate with ECT and improvement rate at completion of three ECT sessions (partial correlation coefficient, 0.50, P < 0.02), and significant negative correlations were seen between final improvement rate and adequacy of pharmacotherapy before ECT (partial correlation coefficient, −0.51, P < 0.02). No significant differences were identified between responders and non‐responders with respect to age, sex, duration of index episode, number of previous depressive episodes, whether depression was melancholia‐type, whether depression was accompanied by psychotic features, total HRSD score immediately before ECT, and HRSD retardation or agitation scores. These results suggest that history of pharmacotherapy prior to ECT and improvement rate at completion of three ECT sessions may offer predictors for the final rate of improvement with ECT.
Change of suicidal ideation induced by suicide attempt
Authors: MATSUISHI KUNITAKA , KITAMURA NOBORU , SATO MAYUMI , NAGAI KAZUYUKI , HUH SEUNG‐YOUNG , ARIYOSHI KOUICHI , SATO SHINICHI , MITA TATSUO
Published: September 2005

Abstract  Some studies have reported that a suicide attempt has a cathartic effect. We studied a change of suicidal ideation just before and after a suicide attempt to test whether a cathartic effect exists and, if a cathartic effect does exist, to identify factors that may affect it. Subjects consisted of 88 suicide attempters (29 males, 59 females, mean age = 35.5 years) who attended the emergency medical center of Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe, Japan. Strength of suicidal ideation just before and after a suicide attempt was evaluated by 11 steps from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no suicidal ideation and 10 indicates the strongest suicidal ideation. Subjects were also interviewed about any clinical backgrounds related to suicide attempts. Diagnoses were made by psychiatrists based on ICD‐10. Scores of suicidal ideation decreased significantly after the suicide attempt in comparison with those just before the suicide attempt (P < 0.0001). In suicide attempters of each generation under 60 years of age, there were significant decreases in scores of suicidal ideation after the suicide attempt, but not in those of over 60 years of age. Scores of suicidal ideation after the suicide attempt were significantly higher in the group of F4 classified by ICD‐10 than that of F2. Our results indicate that the cathartic effect induced by suicide attempt is different among generations and psychiatric disorders.
Possible pathologenic role of interleukin‐5 and eosino cationic protein in Henoch‐Schönlein purpura nephritis
Authors: Kawasaki Yukihiko , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Suzuki Hitoshi
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Background
: The mechanism for the onset of Henoch‐Schönlein purpura nephritis is unknown. In order to identify the pathogenesis of nephritis, laboratory findings and serum cytokines between Henoch‐Schönlein purpura (HSP) patients without nephritis and with nephritis were investigated.

Methods
: We enrolled 32 patients who had been diagnosed with HSP from January 1993 to December 1998. These patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted 12 patients without nephritis and group 2 consisted 20 patients with nephritis. We evaluated laboratory findings such as eosinophil counts, serum IgE, eosino cationic protein (ECP), and serum cytokine (interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐13 interferon‐γ and tumor necrotic factor‐α) concentrations between both groups.

Results
:  At the acute phase, serum IL‐5 and ECP concentrations in group 2 were higher than those in group 1 (59.4 ± 32.7 pg/mL vs. 10.8 ± 12.8 pg/mL, P < 0.05, 24.3 ± 5.1 µg/L vs. 8.9 ± 4.2 µg/L, P < 0.05, respectively). Serum IL‐4 concentrations at the acute phase in group 1 were higher than those in group 2 (40.2 ± 21.5 pg/mL vs. 10.7 ± 5.4 pg/mL, P < 0.01). In group 2, serum IL‐5 concentrations at the acute phase were higher than those at recovery phase.

Conclusions
: These findings suggest that IL‐5 and eosinophil activation may be one of the factors involved in the mechanism for onset of nephritis.
Unique maternal deletion of 15q in a patient with some symptoms of Prader‐Willi syndrome
Authors: Ninomiya Shinsuke , Yokoyama Yuji , Kawakami Masako , Une Tomoka , Maruyama Hidehiko , Morishima Tsuneo
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Background
: Human chromosome 15q11‐q13 is a critical region for Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) and most of the genes are under the condition of imprinting mechanism. PWS results from the loss of expression of paternally expressed genes and AS of maternally expressed genes. In this study molecular studies about a patient with congenital anomalies and mental retardation are analyzed.

Methods
: Highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were analyzed by PCR. These markers exist within 15q11‐q13 and distal to 15q13.

Results
: Only the maternal D15S986 locus within 15q11‐q13 was deleted and other markers were biallelic.

Conclusions
: The result of maternal small region deletion in this patient is different from the typical PWS with paternal chromosome deletion and it suggests that nearby the deleted region there exists a gene (genes) which is not imprinted but needs biallelic expression.
Threshold values of visceral fat and waist girth in Japanese obese children
Authors: Asayama Kohtaro , Hayashibe Hidemasa , Endo Akira , Okada Tomoo , Hara Mitsuhiko , Masuda Hidenari , Sugihara Shigetaka
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Background
: In order to define the diagnostic criteria for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation and abdominal obesity in Japanese youths, a cross‐sectional, multicenter study was conducted.

Methods
: Subjects were 194 boys and 96 girls ranging in age from 6 to 15 years. Obese youths were classified according to the occurrence of abnormal values in serum triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase or insulin level. A threshold value of each criterion was calculated, using the analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The areas of total abdominal adipose tissue (AT), VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were estimated by single slice computed tomography at the level of umbilicus.

Results
: VAT area was greater in boys than it was in girls. The critical values for VAT area and waist circumference in all subjects were 54.8 cm2 and 83.5 cm, respectively. The values for the area under the ROC curves were VAT area > total AT area > waist circumference > SAT area > percentage overweight > percentage body fat. The sensitivity and specificity for VAT area were 90.5 and 79.5%, respectively. Those for waist circumference were high enough (> 70%) for clinical use. In the linear regression analysis assigning VAT area as an independent variable and waist circumference as a dependent variable, the expected value for the waist circumference was 82 cm.

Conclusion
: In Japanese obese youths ranging in age from 6 to 15 years, the diagnostic criteria for the waist circumference was 82 cm, and that for VAT area was 55 cm2.
Outcome of patients requiring tracheostomy in a pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Da Silva Paulo Sérgio Lucas , Waisberg Jaques , Paulo Chiu Seing Tsok , Colugnati Fernando , Martins Lourdes Conceição
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Background
: Although tracheostomy is a commonly performed procedure, there is a lack of studies in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) setting that describe its association with patient outcome and especially hospital mortality. Our goal was to evaluate the outcome of patients receiving a tracheostomy, while on mechanical ventilation (MV), in a PICU.

Methods
: Records of 260 children were reviewed retrospectively regarding PICU mortality, PICU length of stay (PICU LOS), duration of MV and a cost indicator (weighted hospital days; WHD).

Results
: Nineteen patients received tracheostomy (7.3%). The mortality of patients submitted to tracheostomy in the longer term was significantly higher compared to patients who were not (52.6%vs. 27.6%; P = 0.04) despite having a significantly lower severity of illness at admission (Pediatric Risk of Mortality score – PRISM) (10.9 vs. 13.7; P < 0.001). The mortality of patients without tracheostomy, however, was significantly higher within 30 days (24.8%vs. 5.2%, P < 0.001). Tracheostomized patients had significantly higher mean PICU LOS (68 days vs. 8 days; P < 0.001), duration of MV (62 days vs. 4 days; P < 0.001) and higher WHD (171.5 vs. 21.5; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
: Contrary to findings in critically ill adult patients, ventilated children receiving a tracheostomy had less favorable outcomes compared with non‐tracheostomized patients. In view of the greater use of resources, further studies are needed to confirm and to identify the subgroups of mechanically ventilated patients who will benefit most from this procedure.
Associations between dietary intake and breast milk dioxin levels in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Guan Peng , Tajimi Morihiro , Uehara Ritei , Watanabe Makoto , Oki Izumi , Ojima Toshiyuki , Nakamura Yosikazu
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Background
: The presence of dioxins in breast milk has gained much attention recently. However, in Japan the relationship between the consumption of different foods and the human breast milk dioxin concentrations is still unclear.

Methods
: Breast milk was taken from 240 mothers residing in Tokyo, Japan to measure and analyze the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and coplanar poly­chlorinated biphenyls contained in the fat. Individual milk samples were obtained from the mothers 30 days after delivery in 1999 and 2000. The data of the mothers’ diets before pregnancy were collected by means of food frequency and amount estimation. Spearman correlation analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.

Results
: The concentrations of dioxins in breast milk were influenced mainly by the mother's age and history of breast‐feeding. All the Spearman correlation coefficients were less than 0.20. Pork, roast ham, sausage, salt codfish and tempura had negative correlations with breast milk dioxins.

Conclusions
: History of breast‐feeding and the mother's age should be considered and emphasized in this kind of analysis. The cause effect relationship between dietary intake and breast milk dioxin levels were still uncertain.
A micromechanical approach to fatigue in small notches*
Authors: VALLELLANO C. , MARISCAL M. R. , NAVARRO A. , DOMÍNGUEZ J.
Published: September 2005

The present work shows the application to small notches of a micromechanical model which describes the growth of a short crack across the steep stress gradient generated at the root of a notch. The model, based on the theory of distributed dislocations, takes into account the interaction between short cracks and material barriers such as grain boundaries. The term ‘small notches’ refers in this paper to stress raisers the size of which is of the same order as the characteristic microstructural unit of the material. Typical examples are superficial scratches, corrosion pits, inclusions or pores. Comparisons between predicted fatigue limits and experimental results reported in the literature for different materials containing small artificial defects are shown and discussed.
The effects of tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty on the appropriateness of accounting performance measures
Authors: Hartmann Frank
Published: September 2005

This article examines how task uncertainty, environmental uncertainty and tolerance for ambiguity (TFA) affect managerial opinions about the appropriateness of accounting performance measures (APM). Based on accounting and psychology literature, this study argues that task uncertainty and environmental uncertainty differ in their direct effects on the appropriateness of APM, and furthermore that the relationship between uncertainty and the appropriateness of APM is moderated by managers’ TFA. Hypotheses are developed, and tested with data from a survey study among 250 managers in eleven organizations, using partial least squares (PLS). Overall, the results show that the two types of uncertainty have opposite effects on managers’ opinions about the appropriateness of APM, and that these effects are moderated by TFA, which confirms expectations. No direct effect of TFA on the appropriateness of APM was found. Overall, these findings provide an explanation of the inconsistencies in the extant behavioural management accounting literature that has addressed the appropriateness of APM under uncertainty.
Unfulfilled Expectations: Faculty Participation and Voice in a University Program Evaluation
Authors: de Valenzuela J. S. , Copeland Susan R. , Blalock Gregory Alan
Published: September 2005

This qualitative case study investigated faculty perceptions of the purposes, costs, and benefits of program evaluation during a comprehensive review by the Office of Graduate Studies at a large Research I university. The assumptions held by the faculty at the beginning of the review process about the purposes of a program evaluation and their roles within it were challenged by the manner in which the evaluation was carried out. Analysis of interviews conducted over the course of the program evaluation focused on notions of participation and voice as seen through the lens of the faculty participants. Implications for enhancing stakeholder participation and voice are discussed.
Multilevel Approaches to Documenting Change: Challenges in Community-Based Educational Research
Authors: Gallego Margaret A. , Rueda Robert , Moll Luis C.
Published: September 2005

Increasing availability of funds for development, design, and evaluation of alternative learning environments has challenged educational researchers to develop and validate innovative and effective interventions. The focus on accountability has resulted in an accelerated effort to record events, activities, and participation in substantive ways that suggest significance, statistical and otherwise, and that warrant further program improvements and modification. Yet, relying on traditional individual standardized measures—ones that are specifically designed to discriminate among students and that are better suited to the study of controlled experiments in laboratories rather than the sporadic and often spontaneous interactions common to learning settings in and out of school—leaves educational researchers generally ill equipped. Even as alternative educational programs are financially supported, the sanctioned means with which researchers and program developers document success of all educational programs have progressively narrowed, favoring traditional experimental designs with an emphasis on whether it works rather than on understanding why the program is successful. In this article, we used a multimethod, multilevel analysis to document the underlying dynamics of specific alternative learning contexts to identify generalizable principles while allowing for local variation.
AID TIED TO THE DONOR'S EXPORTS
Authors: Kemp Murray C.
Published: September 2005

Abstract.  The existing theory of tied aid presupposes that trade and aid are conducted in terms of private consumption goods. However, in such a world aid can be effectively tied only if the recipient government somehow prevents its households from reselling the aid basket on world markets. That weakness of existing theory is here removed by extending the theory to accommodate non‐tradable public consumption goods. The most striking result of existing theory – that, even in a world of just two trading countries, the donor might benefit and the recipient suffer from the tying of aid – is preserved.
IS THERE LONG‐RUN MONEY NEUTRALITY UNDER DIFFERENT EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES?
Authors: Ran Jimmy
Published: September 2005

Abstract.  This paper tests the long‐run money neutrality across different exchange rate regimes, empirically extending the concept of M. E. Fisher and J. J. Seater. Strong evidence shows the non‐neutrality of two forms of money for the Hong Kong economy across the two regimes. While the Hong Kong M1 is marginally non‐neutral under the float, it is clearly not neutral afterwards. The M2 is non‐neutral both before and after the linked exchange rate.
Social, Economic and Civil Vulnerability in the United States, France and Brazil
Authors: KOWARICK LÚCIO
Published: September 2005

This article analyzes the evolution of the debate on socio‐economic vulnerability, both in the United States and France, as well as commenting on the contemporary situation in Brazil. In the US study, which draws on the concept of ‘underclass’, the debate is openly political‐ideological — blaming the victims (or not) for their marginalization and anomie — which has made some authors regard the so‐called ‘well‐being programs’ as responsible for promoting a culture of dependency and family breakdown. In the French study, by contrast and following the republican tradition, both the diagnoses and proposals emphasize the need for a strong state presence to provide a means of reinserting  the  marginalized  groups.  The  article  doesn’t  attempt  a  critical  evaluation of the literature, but making use of seminal works it aims to show that the parameters of the theoretical and empirical problem depend on the particularities of each national political ambience. The final section on Brazilian society focuses on the marginality‐dependency debate of the 1970s and on what can be termed aprocess of disenfranchisementthat affects the urban poor. Final comments are made concerning the matrix of extreme inequalities characterizing Brazilian society vis‐à‐vis the French and American cases.

Cet article analyse l’évolution du débat sur la vulnérabilité socio‐économique, tant aux Etats‐Unis qu’en France, puis commente la situation brésilienne contemporaine. La partie américaine de l’étude, basée sur le concept de ‘quart‐monde’, présente un débat délibérément politico‐idéologique qui reproche aux victimes (ou non) leur marginalisation et leur anomie; selon certains auteurs, les programmes dits de ‘bien‐être’ portent la responsabilité d’encourager une culture de dépendance et de décomposition familiale. Dans la partie française, au contraire et en toute tradition républicaine, diagnostics et propositions soulignent le besoin d’une forte présence étatique comme moyen de réinsérer les groupes marginalisés. Sans se livrer à une revue de la littérature disponible, l’article exploite les travaux influents pour montrer que les paramètres de la problématique théorique et empirique dépendent des spécificités de chaque environnement politique national. La dernière partie, sur la société brésilienne, se consacre au débat marginalité/dépendance des années 1970 et à ce qu’on peut appeler unprocessus de désaffranchissementqui touche les pauvres des villes. La conclusion commente le nid d’extrêmes inégalités qui caractérise la société brésilienne par rapport à la France et aux Etats‐Unis.
Residential Property, Cultural Practices and the ‘Generational Contract’ in England and Japan
Authors: IZUHARA MISA
Published: September 2005

Throughout the post‐war period, there have been increased prospects of inheritance in many capitalist societies, brought about by growing economies and labour markets as well as growth in the homeownership sector. This article aims to examine the commonalities and differences in views and strategies adopted by older homeowners in England and Japan towards accumulation of their housing assets and the disposal of them in later life. Changes in housing markets, social policy, and family structure and function affecting older homeowners in recent years have started to alter their attitudes towards bequests. Qualitative data from in‐depth interviews with older homeowners highlighted that independent living and the principle of equal shares among children are strongly valued by English elders. In Japan, the ‘generational contract’ involving inheritance and care provision is no longer as clear‐cut as it once was, and the contradictions and ambiguities in attitudes and practices exhibited by the current older cohort clearly illustrate the current transition.

Pendant l’après‐guerre, les possibilités d’hériter se sont accrues dans de nombreuses sociétés capitalistes, grâce à la croissance des économies et des marchés du travail, ainsi qu’à l’expansion de la propriété individuelle. Cet article étudie les points communs et divergences de perspectives et stratégies adoptées par les propriétaires âgés en Angleterre et au Japon face à un accroissement du patrimoine que constitue leur logement et à sa transmission ultérieure. Les transformations des marchés du logement, de la politique sociale, ainsi que de la structure et la fonction familiale qu’ont connues récemment les anciens propriétaires ont entraîné un changement d’attitude en matière de legs. Des données qualitatives provenant d’entretiens approfondis avec des propriétaires âgés ont mis en lumière que l’indépendance de vie et le principe d’égalité des parts entre les enfants sont privilégiés par les seniors en Angleterre. Au Japon, le ‘contrat entre générations’— impliquant héritage et soins assurés — n’est plus aussi clairement établi qu’autrefois; en outre, contradictions et ambiguïtés dans les attitudes et pratiques de la cohorte âgée actuelle illustre clairement la transition en cours.
Exclusion and Difference along the EU Border: Social and Cultural Markers, Spatialities and Mappings
Authors: LEONTIDOU LILA , DONNAN HASTINGS , AFOUXENIDIS ALEX
Published: September 2005

Both notions elaborated in this article, exclusion and the border, are cultural constructs which can take on different meanings in different milieux. In order to understand socio‐cultural exclusion in the context of EU integration and new centralities created by globalization, the project presented here addressed social, cultural and spatial exclusion in peripheral EU border cities and islands. This article focuses on how borderland residents experience socio‐cultural exclusion of ‘others’ and of themselves, and forge their spatialities and mappings. It makes distinctions on several levels: geographically, between external and internal EU borders, between ‘transborder’ and ‘bounded’ field sites and between variations of spatialities and mappings; culturally, between boundary gateways and walls, and between socio‐cultural and spatial exclusion, isolation and insularity; anthropologically, between social and cultural markers dividing the subject and the ‘other’. Local experiences and spatialities along the border were found to be complex and often in conflict with dominant definitions and preconceptions. This, along with the multiple levels of exclusion and difference found on the EU border, has implications for research priorities and policy restructuring.

Les deux notions détaillées dans cet article, exclusion et frontière, sont des concepts culturels qui peuvent prendre un sens différent en fonction du milieu. Afin d’appréhender l’exclusion socioculturelle dans le cadre de l’intégration européenne et des nouvelles centralités créées par la mondialisation, le projet traite l’exclusion sociale, culturelle et spatiale dans les villes et îles situées à la périphérie de l’UE. Il s’attache à la façon dont les résidents frontaliers vivent une exclusion socioculturelle des ‘autres’ et d’eux‐mêmes, tout en établissant leurs spatialités et leurs cartographies. Plusieurs plans sont identifiés: un plan géographique, entre frontières internes et externes de l’UE, entre sites ‘transfrontaliers’ et territoires ‘délimités’, et entre divergences de spatialités et de cartographies; un plan culturel, entre accès et remparts frontaliers, et entre insularité, isolement et exclusion socioculturels et spatiaux; un plan anthropologique, entre les repères sociaux et culturels qui séparent le sujet de ‘l’autre’. Le long de la frontière, spatialités et expériences locales se sont révélées complexes et souvent en opposition avec les définitions et a priori dominants. Cet aspect, allié aux multiples niveaux d’exclusion et de différence découverts sur la frontière européenne, influence les priorités de recherches et la restructuration des politiques.
Introduction to a Debate on the World Social Forum
Authors: ALLAHWALA AHMED , KEIL ROGER
Published: September 2005

Social Forums, modeled on the World Social Forums, are not social movements in the classic sense. They are not, and do not purport to be, the organizational form through which basic social change will be achieved, or can best be pursued. But they do bring together elements of many social movements, afford an opportunity for coalition‐building among them, frequently around urban issues, and thus make a significant contribution to achieving such change. Conceivably they may be the foundation for an international social movement for change, but if so it is likely to coalesce about a specifically political program. Some concrete suggestions are made which might enhance their effectiveness.

Les Forums sociaux, sur le modèle des Forums sociaux mondiaux, ne sont pas des mouvements sociaux au sens traditionnel. Ils ne sont, ni ne sont censés être, la forme d’organisation permettant d’atteindre ou de mener au mieux un changement social fondamental. Cependant, ils réunissent des composantes de nombreux mouvements sociaux, leur offrent une possibilité de créer une coalition (souvent autour de problèmes urbains) et contribuent ainsi fortement à l’évolution visée. En théorie, ils peuvent servir de base à un mouvement social international en faveur d’un changement, quoique ayant alors tendance à s’unir sur un programme politique. Les suggestions concrètes qui sont formulées peuvent en améliorer l’efficacité.
Are Social Forums the Future of Social Movements?
Authors: MARCUSE PETER
Published: September 2005

Social Forums, modeled on the World Social Forums, are not social movements in the classic sense. They are not, and do not purport to be, the organizational form through which basic social change will be achieved, or can best be pursued. But they do bring together elements of many social movements, afford an opportunity for coalition‐building among them, frequently around urban issues, and thus make a significant contribution to achieving such change. Conceivably they may be the foundation for an international social movement for change, but if so it is likely to coalesce about a specifically political program. Some concrete suggestions are made which might enhance their effectiveness.

Les Forums sociaux, sur le modèle des Forums sociaux mondiaux, ne sont pas des mouvements sociaux au sens traditionnel. Ils ne sont, ni ne sont censés être, la forme d’organisation permettant d’atteindre ou de mener au mieux un changement social fondamental. Cependant, ils réunissent des composantes de nombreux mouvements sociaux, leur offrent une possibilité de créer une coalition (souvent autour de problèmes urbains) et contribuent ainsi fortement à l’évolution visée. En théorie, ils peuvent servir de base à un mouvement social international en faveur d’un changement, quoique ayant alors tendance à s’unir sur un programme politique. Les suggestions concrètes qui sont formulées peuvent en améliorer l’efficacité.
Social Forums, Social Movements and Social Change: A Response to Peter Marcuse on the Subject of the World Social Forum
Authors: CONWAY JANET
Published: September 2005

This response to Peter Marcuse situates his reading of the World Social Forum in the larger ‘space versus movement’ debate that has been raging among the WSF’s organizers. The author argues that this debate signals: (1) a power struggle over its future; (2) profound disagreement over the character of its power, which is itself based in conflicting understandings and visions of power and change in the contemporary period more generally; (3) at the heart of this last conflict is a yet more basic one about the status of multiplicity and diversity — in understanding power(s), in building resistance(s), in creating alternatives, in crafting solidarities, in imagining other possible worlds as les raisons d’être of the Social Forum. Drawing on the historical experience of feminism, the author proposes an alternative reading of the meaning of the Social Forum grounded in more multivalent understandings of power, movements and change, and argues that, in the evolving practice of the World Social Forum, a new democratic imaginary — post‐liberal and post‐Marxist — is taking shape and, with it, other possible futures are coming into view.

Cette réponse à Peter Marcuse replace son explication du Forum social mondial dans le débat plus vaste ‘espace et mouvement’ qui a enflammé les organisateurs du FSM. En effet, ce débat met en évidence plusieurs aspects: une lutte de pouvoir pour son avenir; un désaccord profond quant à la nature de son pouvoir, s’appuyant lui‐même sur des appréhensions et visions contradictoires du pouvoir et du changement dans la période contemporaine, de manière générale; au cœur de cette opposition, en existe une autre encore plus fondamentale sur la situation de multiplicité et de diversité, pour comprendre le ou les pouvoirs, élaborer une ou plusieurs résistances, créer des alternatives, tisser des solidarités, imaginer d’autres possibilités de monde comme les raisons d’être du Forum social. S’inspirant de l’expérience historique du féminisme, l’article propose une autre lecture du Forum social, fondée sur des compréhensions plus polyvalentes du pouvoir, des mouvements et du changement; de plus, il affirme que, dans le cadre de l’exercice évolutif du Forum social mondial, prend forme un nouvel imaginaire démocratique — post‐libéral et post‐marxiste — et, qu’avec lui, se dessinent d’autres possibilités d’avenir.
Topographic anatomy of bronchial arteries in the pig: a corrosion cast study
Authors: Lorentziadis Michael , Chamogeorgakis Themistocles , Toumpoulis Ioannis K. , Karayannacos Panagiotis , Dosios Theodosios
Published: September 2005

The anatomy of porcine bronchial circulation has not been fully described. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extrapulmonary topographic anatomy of bronchial arteries in pig. Ten pigs weighing 15–25 kg were studied. Between one and four bronchial arteries were found in each pig. The bronchoesophageal artery (BEA), tracheobronchial artery (TBA), inferior bronchial artery (IBA) and accessory bronchial artery (ABA) were present in 10/10, 8/10, 6/10 and 2/10 animals, respectively. The trunk of BEA had a diameter of about 3 mm, a length of 1–7 mm, and originated from the anterior and medial aspect of the descending thoracic aorta at the level between the 2nd and 4th thoracic vertebrae (T2–T4) in all animals. The extrapulmonary topographic anatomy of bronchial arteries in pigs exhibits similarities to that of humans. BEA is the main blood supplier of the porcine tracheobronchial tree with a relatively constant location of origin and a sufficient size for anastomosis. These characteristics render BEA the ideal vessel for bronchial revascularization in pigs.
Immunolocalization of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in Meckel's cartilage compared with developing endochondral bones in mice
Authors: Sakakura Yasunori , Tsuruga Eichi , Irie Kazuharu , Hosokawa Yoichiro , Nakamura Hiroaki , Yajima Toshihiko
Published: September 2005

We examined the immunolocalization of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in areas of resorption caused by osteoclasts/chondroclasts on embryonic days 14–16 (E14–16) in Meckel's cartilage, and compared the results with those in endochondral bones in mice. Intense RANKL and OPG immunoreactivity was detected in the chondrocytes in Meckel's cartilage. On E15, when the incisor teeth were closest to the middle portion of Meckel's cartilage, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive cells appeared on the lateral side of the cartilage. Furthermore, the dental follicle showed moderate immunoreactivity for RANKL and OPG, whereas osteoblasts derived from perichondral cells were immunonegative for RANKL and OPG in that area. On E16, cartilage resorption by TRAP‐positive cells had progressed at the differential position, and intensely immunoreactive products of RANKL were overlapped on and found to exist next to TRAP‐positive cells in the resorption area. In developing metatarsal tissue, OPG immunoreactivity was intense in periosteal osteoblasts, whereas RANKL was only faintly seen in some of the periosteal cells. In epiphyseal chondrocytes of the developing femur, RANKL immunoreactivity was moderate, and OPG scarcely detected. These results indicate a peculiarity of RANKL and OPG immunolocalization in resorption of Meckel's cartilage. Growth of the incisor teeth may be involved in the time‐ and position‐specific resorption of Meckel's cartilage through local regulation of the RANKL/OPG system in dental follicular cells and periosteal osteoblasts, whereas RANKL and OPG in chondrocytes seem to contribute to resorption through regulation of the chondroclast function.
Histochemical distribution of endothelin‐converting enzyme subtypes in Podarcis sicula (Squamata, Lacertidae) tissues
Authors: Valiante Salvatore , Prisco Marina , De Falco Maria , Virgilio Francesca , Sciarrillo Rosaria , Andreuccetti Piero , Laforgia Vincenza , Varano Lorenzo
Published: September 2005

The distribution of endothelin‐converting enzyme (ECE) in the lizard Podarcis sicula was investigated immunohistochemically using antibodies against endothelin‐converting enzyme ECE‐1 and endothelin‐converting enzyme ECE‐2 homologues. In all the tissues examined, immunoreactivity for both antibodies was found, although the distribution and degree of expression varied. Strong immunoreactivity was found in the endothelial cells and chromaffin tissue for both enzymes, whereas other tissues such as nervous tissue, renal tissue and hepatocytes display distinct patterns. Current knowledge does not allow correlation of these distribution patterns to specific functions but the data suggest that, in reptiles as in mammals, ECE is probably involved in physiological functions such as paracrine activity through endothelins and/or other substrates.
Behavioural problems in 2‐year‐olds: links with individual differences in theory of mind, executive function and harsh parenting
Authors: Hughes Claire , Ensor Rosie
Published: September 2005

Background:  Cognitive and family factors are implicated in the origins of behavioural problems, but little is known about their independence or interplay.

Methods:  We present data from 127 two‐year‐olds from predominantly disadvantaged families who completed tests of ‘theory of mind’ (ToM), executive function (EF) and verbal ability. Researchers’ home‐visit ratings and detailed video‐based coding of mother–child interactions were combined to give an aggregate measure of harsh parenting, while behavioural problems were indexed by a multi‐informant, multi‐setting, multi‐measure aggregate.

Results:  Harsh parenting and deficits in ToM and verbal ability each predicted unique variance in behavioural problems; independent effects of EF were only marginally significant. Harsh parenting and ToM interacted significantly in their effects on behavioural problems.

Conclusions:  Child and family influences on behavioural problems should be considered in tandem, as they show significant interplay; in particular, advanced ToM skills appear to buffer young children against effects of harsh parenting.
Barriers to the identification of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Sayal Kapil , Goodman Robert , Ford Tamsin
Published: September 2005

Background:  In most countries, the majority of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are undiagnosed. In the United Kingdom, a major barrier to accessing specialist services is the limited recognition of disorders by general practitioners. However, it is unclear whether there are also barriers at other stages of the help‐seeking process. For children with ADHD, this study aims to examine the correlates of the different stages of help‐seeking.

Method:  Children with ADHD (n = 232) were identified from the 1999 British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey. Rates and correlates of parental recognition of child mental health problems and contact with services for these problems were examined. Children who had used particular types of services were compared with those who had not.

Results:  Most (80%) parents of children with ADHD recognise that their child has a problem although few (35%) construe this in terms of hyperactivity. The impact of the symptoms on key adults, rather than child factors, best predicted parental recognition of problems. Most parents had been in contact with education‐based professionals but few had consulted primary care for these problems or had sought help from relevant specialist health services. Parental recognition of problems and perceived burden, rather than child factors, were the main correlates of contact with services. Parental views that their child has hyperactivity were associated with greater severity of symptoms.

Conclusions:  The main barrier to care for ADHD is the limited presentation of these problems to primary care. The majority of parents discuss their concerns with professionals based in education services. There is a need for parental education about ADHD and for health service input to support education professionals in their contact with concerned parents.
The development of an emotion model based on colour combinations
Authors: Lee Young‐Jin , Lee Joohyeon
Published: September 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop an emotion model based on the colour combinations popularly used for interior coordination in Korea. To summarize, the emotion model had the following features: (1) It consisted of three axes named as ‘soft–hard’ (first dimension), ‘light–heavy’ (second dimension) and ‘splendid–sober’ (third dimension). (2) The emotion descriptors were categorized into nine emotion groups and matched with the representing colour combinations. (3) This emotion model had a one‐to‐multiplicity correspondence structure between the colour combination and the emotion descriptor, whereas most of the previously developed models included only one‐to‐one correspondence. (4) It was observed that the emotion variable only showed a relatively consistent tendency within the space of the emotion model as the difference in the tone of colour combinations increased or decreased. The emotion model developed in this study can be used as a basis for the determination of local consumers’ emotion on colour combinations to support colour planning in the industrial design field relevant to interior coordination.
Consumers’ acceptability and creative use of traditional woven fabric
Authors: Amubode Adetoun Adedotun
Published: September 2005

Abstact

The study examined the utilization and acceptability of traditional woven fabric ‘aso‐oke’ in patchwork craft design as bedcover and throw pillows. The ‘aso‐oke’ fabric was sewn using a patchwork technique of clothing construction to produce a bedcover and throw pillows. A questionnaire designed on a 5‐point Likert scale was used to collect the data. The result showed a favourable response of Likert mean score 4.17 which indicates a greater acceptability of the fabric and design used in the making of the bedcover and throw pillows.
Impact of stitch density on seam strength, seam elongation, and seam efficiency
Authors: Chowdhary Usha , Poynor Donna
Published: September 2005

The study investigated seam efficiency, seam strength and seam elongation of three stitch densities for a premium muslin. The tensile and seam strength were tested on INSTRON. Seam efficiency was calculated in percentages and t‐test and Analysis of Variance (anova) were used to test the hypotheses. Findings provided scientific basis for conventional practices in the field. Possibilities for future extension of the work are discussed.
Reviews: The Current State of Nonuremic Applications for Extracorporeal Blood Purification
Authors: Briglia Andrew E.
Published: September 2005

Despite the commonly accepted indications for hemodialysis and extracorporeal depuritive techniques, some clinicians have come to rely on blood purification for clinical states where the targeted substance for removal differs from uremic waste products. Over the last decade, a number of studies have emerged to help define the application of extracorporeal blood purification (ECBP) to these “nonuremic” indications. This review describes the application of extracorporeal blood purification in clinical states including sepsis, rhabdomyolysis, congestive heart failure, hepatic failure, tumor lysis syndrome, adult respiratory distress syndrome, intravenous contrast exposure, and lactic acidosis. Additional comments are provided to review existing literature on thermoregulation and osmoregulation, including acute brain injury.
Influence of Hypertension on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Birchem Jessica A. , Fraley Matthew A. , Senkottaiyan Neelavathi , Alpert Martin A.
Published: September 2005

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. Most patients with chronic kidney disease have hypertension and its prevalence remains high following renal replacement therapy. Early studies suggested that hypertension was a risk factor for total and cardiovascular mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients, but the results of more recent studies have caused experts to question these assertions. Systolic hypertension, widened pulse pressure, and nondipping may be better predictors of mortality compared to diastolic hypertension or increased mean arterial pressure. Hypertension in hemodialysis patients is a risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction, and congestive heart failure; good blood pressure control may promote its regression. Atherosclerosis and ventricular arrhythmias may also be linked to hypertension. Thus blood pressure control with a focus on systolic pressure appears to be a prudent strategy to improve cardiovascular outcomes in hemodialysis patients.