bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trait coping styles and the maternal neural and behavioral sensitivity to an infant
Authors: Kim Pilyoung , Grande Leah A. , Dufford Alexander J. , Erhart Andrew , Tribble Rebekah , Yeh Tom
Published: August 2022

During the postpartum period, new mothers experience drastic changes in their body, brain, and life circumstances. Stress from the emotional and physical demands of caring for an infant is associated with negative mood and parenting outcomes. The use of active coping strategies can increase mothers’ resilience during the postpartum period. However, little is known about the association between coping styles and maternal brain responses to infant cues. In the current study, we examined the associations among trait coping style, maternal brain responses, and behavioral sensitivity in a socioeconomically diverse sample of first-time mothers (N = 59). The use of more active trait coping strategies compared to passive coping strategies was associated with increased brain responses to infant cry sounds in brain regions that are critically involved in motivation and emotion regulation—substantia nigra, anterior cingulate gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Increased brain activations in the midbrain and anterior cingulate gyrus were further associated with higher levels of maternal sensitivity observed during interactions with the infant. Thus, the findings provide support for mothers’ use of more active coping styles to promote neural and behavioral resilience for a positive transition to parenthood.
Brief exposure of neuronal cells to levels of SCFAs observed in human systemic circulation impair lipid metabolism resulting in apoptosis
Authors: Fillier Tiffany A. , Shah Shrushti , Doody Karen M. , Pham Thu H. , Aubry Isabelle , Tremblay Michel L. , Cheema Sukhinder K. , Blundell Jacqueline , Thomas Raymond H.
Published: August 2022

Communication between gut microbiota and the brain is an enigma. Alterations in the gut microbial community affects enteric metabolite levels, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have been proposed as a possible mechanism through which the gut microbiome modulate brain health and function. This study analyzed for the first time the effects of SCFAs at levels reported in human systemic circulation on SH-SY5Y human neuronal cell energy metabolism, viability, survival, and the brain lipidome. Cell and rat brain lipidomics was done using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Neuronal cells viability, survival and energy metabolism were analyzed via flow cytometer, immunofluorescence, and SeahorseXF platform. Lipidomics analysis demonstrated that SCFAs significantly remodeled the brain lipidome in vivo and in vitro. The most notable remodulation was observed in the metabolism of phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens, and mitochondrial lipids carnitine and cardiolipin. Increased mitochondrial mass, fragmentation, and hyperfusion occurred concomitant with the altered mitochondrial lipid metabolism resulting in decreased neuronal cell respiration, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and increased cell death. This suggests SCFAs at levels observed in human systemic circulation can adversely alter the brain lipidome and neuronal cell function potentially negatively impacting brain health outcomes.
Fatigue damage assessment of complex railway turnout crossings via Peridynamics-based digital twin
Authors: Hamarat Mehmet , Papaelias Mayorkinos , Kaewunruen Sakdirat
Published: August 2022

Railway turnouts are essential in the train traffic route management for modern railways. Despite significant devotion to railway turnout research, one of their most common failures has not been thoroughly investigated, which is a fatigue over the turnout crossing nose. At the crossings, wheel-rail discontinuity imparts high-frequency high-magnitude forces, which are the source of fatigue failure over the crossing nose. In this study, a novel approach built on “Peridynamics” (PD) has been developed to obtain new insights into the fatigue cracks. A recent approach using “crack on mid-plane” has also been employed in this study to enhance the limited capability of Peridynamics. This paper is the world’s first to investigate fatigue failures over a crossing nose from fracture mechanics perspective. This paper also introduces a novel adaptive time-mapping method as an alternative to earlier time-mapping methods for fatigue models proposed in the open literature. The new model has been verified against both Finite Element Method and experimental data. It reveals that our new approach can simulate fatigue damage, particularly in mode I crack propagation. The study has provided important insights on the fatigue crack development, which is not possible before by existing Peridynamics fatigue model. The new approach on the basis of “adaptive time-mapping” and “crack on mid-plane” is demonstrated to be effective and efficient in PD simulations.
PNIPAM/Hexakis as a thermosensitive drug delivery system for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications
Authors: Pasban Samaneh , Raissi Heidar
Published: August 2022

Many technologies ranging from drug delivery approaches to tissue engineering purposes are beginning to benefit from the unique ability of “smart polymers.” As a special case, thermo-sensitive hydrogels have great potential, e.g. in actuators, microfluidics, sensors, or drug delivery systems. Here, the loading of Doxorubicin (DOX) with novel thermo-sensitive polymer N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) and its copolymers are investigated in order to increase the Doxorubicin’s drug efficacy on the targeted tumor site. Therefore, a rational design accurate based on the use of classical molecular dynamics (MD) and well-tempered metadynamics simulations allows for predicting and understanding the behavior of thermo-responsive polymers in the loading of DOX on Hexakis nano-channel at 298 and 320 K. Furthermore, this work investigates the efficacy of this drug carrier for the release of DOX in response to stimuli like variations in temperature and changes in the physiological pH. The study concludes that the Hexakis–polymer composite is capable of adsorbing the DOX at neutral pH and by increasing the temperature of the simulated systems from 298 to 320 K, the strength of intermolecular attraction decreases. In addition, the obtained results of MD simulation revealed that the dominant interaction between DOX and Hexakis in the DOX/polymer/Hexakis systems is the Lennard–Jones (LJ) term due to the formation of strong π–π interaction between the adsorbate and substrate surface. Obtained results show that a higher aggregation of DMA chains around the Hexakis and the formation of stronger bonds with DOX. The results of the well-tempered metadynamics simulations revealed that the order of insertion of drug and polymer into the system is a determining factor on the fate of the adsorption/desorption process. Overall, our results explain the temperature-dependent behavior of the PNIPAM polymers and the suitability of the polymer–Hexakis carrier for Doxorubicin delivery.
Association of food insecurity on gut microbiome and metabolome profiles in a diverse college-based sample
Authors: Mohr Alex E. , Jasbi Paniz , Vander Wyst Kiley B. , van Woerden Irene , Shi Xiaojian , Gu Haiwei , Whisner Corrie M. , Bruening Meg
Published: August 2022

Voluntary caloric restriction (e.g., eating disorders) often results in alterations in the gut microbiota composition and function. However, these findings may not translate to food insecurity, where an individual experiences inconsistent access to healthy food options. In this study we compared the fecal microbiome and metabolome of racially and ethnically diverse first year college students (n = 60) experiencing different levels of food access. Students were dichotomized into food secure (FS) and food insecure (FI) groups using a validated, 2-question screener assessing food security status over the previous 30 days. Fecal samples were collected up to 5 days post survey-completion. Gut microbiome and metabolome were established using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. FI students experienced significantly greater microbial diversity with increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Eisenbergiella, while FS students had greater abundance of Megasphaera and Holdemanella. Metabolites related to energy transfer and gut–brain-axis communication (picolinic acid, phosphocreatine, 2-pyrrolidinone) were elevated in FI students (q < 0.05). These findings suggest that food insecurity is associated with differential gut microbial and metabolite composition for which the future implications are unknown. Further work is needed to elucidate the longitudinal metabolic effects of food insecurity and how gut microbes influence metabolic outcomes.
Application of growth promoting hormones alters the composition and antioxidant potential of dill essential oil under salt stress
Authors: Ghassemi-Golezani Kazem , Nikpour-Rashidabad Neda , Samea-Andabjadid Samira
Published: August 2022

The performance of dill plant may be affected by adverse environments such as salinity. Thus, this research was designed to evaluate changes in chemical composition and antioxidant activity of seed essential oil of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) in response to salinity (0, 5, 10 and 15 dS/m) and 1 mM of each hormonal treatments (gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, and cytokinin). Salicylic acid (SA) reduced Na+ content of roots and leaves by 15.4%, 30.9% and 12.4%, 24.3%, but enhanced K+ content by 29.8%, 51.6% and 76.6%, 73.4% under moderate and severe salinities, respectively. Essential oil yield was enhanced with progressing seed filling, despite decreasing essential oil percentage. Percentage of essential oil was increased under low and moderate salinities. Hormonal treatments, particularly SA enhanced seed mass and essential oil percentage, leading to enhanced essential oil yield. The amounts of most constituents were enhanced under moderate salinity. Foliar spray of SA and CK (cytokinin) increased almost all essential oil components, except dill ether and dill apiole, while the GA3 (gibberellic acid) treatment reduced most of the constituents. The α-fenchol was only induced by salt stress. The β-pinene, 1-terpineol, cryptone, oxypeucedanin hydrate, α-thujene and P-α-dimethylstyrene were also specifically synthesized in SA treated plants under salinity. The highest TPC (total phenolic content) and antioxidant activity were recorded for essential oil of SA treated plants at mass maturity under moderate salinity. In general, the SA spray was the most effective treatment for improving essential oil quantity and quality of dill plants.
Allograft versus autograft for reconstruction after resection of primary bone tumors: a comparative study of long-term clinical outcomes and risk factors for failure of reconstruction
Authors: Wisanuyotin Taweechok , Paholpak Permsak , Sirichativapee Winai , Kosuwon Weerachai
Published: August 2022

There have been no studies comparing the outcomes of nonvascularized autograft (NA) and allograft after resection of primary bone tumors. This study compares the clinical, functional outcomes of NA and allograft reconstruction and analyzes the risk factors for failure after these procedures. A retrospective study of patients with primary bone tumors of the extremities who underwent NA (n = 50) and allograft reconstruction (n = 47). The minimum follow up time was 24 months. The mean time to union for the NA and allograft group was 9.8 ± 2.9 months and 11.5 ± 2.8 months, respectively (p = 0.002). Reconstruction failure in the NA and allograft group was 19 (38%) and 26 (55.3%), respectively. Nonunion (30%) was the most common complication found in the NA group, while structural failure (29.8%) was the most common in the allograft group. There was no significant difference in functional outcome in terms of the mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score between the NA and allograft groups (23.5 ± 2.8 and 23.9 ± 2.1, respectively, p = 0.42). Age, sex, tumor location, graft length, method of reconstruction did not significantly influence failure of reconstruction. Chemotherapy was the only significant risk factor affecting outcomes (HR = 3.49, 95% CI = 1.59–7.63, p = 0.002). In the subgroup analysis, the use of chemotherapy affected graft-host nonunion (p < 0.001) and structural failure in both the NA and allograft groups (p = 0.02). Both NA and allograft reconstruction methods provide acceptable clinical and functional outcomes. Chemotherapy is a risk factor for failure of both reconstructions, particularly graft-host nonunion and structural failure.
Development and validation of an abnormality-derived deep-learning diagnostic system for major respiratory diseases
Authors: Wang Chengdi , Ma Jiechao , Zhang Shu , Shao Jun , Wang Yanyan , Zhou Hong-Yu , Song Lujia , Zheng Jie , Yu Yizhou , Li Weimin
Published: August 2022

Respiratory diseases impose a tremendous global health burden on large patient populations. In this study, we aimed to develop DeepMRDTR, a deep learning-based medical image interpretation system for the diagnosis of major respiratory diseases based on the automated identification of a wide range of radiological abnormalities through computed tomography (CT) and chest X-ray (CXR) from real-world, large-scale datasets. DeepMRDTRcomprises four networks (two CT-Nets and two CXR-Nets) that exploit contrastive learning to generate pre-training parameters that are fine-tuned on the retrospective dataset collected from a single institution. The performance of DeepMRDTRwas evaluated for abnormality identification and disease diagnosis on data from two different institutions: one was an internal testing dataset from the same institution as the training data and the second was collected from an external institution to evaluate the model generalizability and robustness to an unrelated population dataset. In such a difficult multi-class diagnosis task, our system achieved the average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.856 (95% confidence interval (CI):0.843–0.868) and 0.841 (95%CI:0.832–0.887) for abnormality identification, and 0.900 (95%CI:0.872–0.958) and 0.866 (95%CI:0.832–0.887) for major respiratory diseases’ diagnosis on CT and CXR datasets, respectively. Furthermore, to achieve a clinically actionable diagnosis, we deployed a preliminary version of DeepMRDTRinto the clinical workflow, which was performed on par with senior experts in disease diagnosis, with an AUC of 0.890 and a Cohen’skof 0.746–0.877 at a reasonable timescale; these findings demonstrate the potential to accelerate the medical workflow to facilitate early diagnosis as a triage tool for respiratory diseases which supports improved clinical diagnoses and decision-making.
Feasibility of anomaly score detected with deep learning in irradiated breast cancer patients with reconstruction
Authors: Kim Dong-Yun , Lee Soo Jin , Kim Eun-Kyu , Kang Eunyoung , Heo Chan Yeong , Jeong Jae Hoon , Myung Yujin , Kim In Ah , Jang Bum-Sup
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to evaluate cosmetic outcomes of the reconstructed breast in breast cancer patients, using anomaly score (AS) detected by generative adversarial network (GAN) deep learning algorithm. A total of 251 normal breast images from patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery were used for training anomaly GAN network. GAN-based anomaly detection was used to calculate abnormalities as an AS, followed by standardization by using z-score. Then, we reviewed 61 breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy followed by reconstruction with autologous tissue or tissue expander. All patients were treated with adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) after reconstruction and computed tomography (CT) was performed at three-time points with a regular follow-up; before RT (Pre-RT), one year after RT (Post-1Y), and two years after RT (Post-2Y). Compared to Pre-RT, Post-1Y and Post-2Y demonstrated higher AS, indicating more abnormal cosmetic outcomes (Pre-RT vs. Post-1Y, P = 0.015 and Pre-RT vs. Post-2Y, P = 0.011). Pre-RT AS was higher in patients having major breast complications (P = 0.016). Patients with autologous reconstruction showed lower AS than those with tissue expander both at Pre-RT (2.00 vs. 4.19, P = 0.008) and Post-2Y (2.89 vs. 5.00, P = 0.010). Linear mixed effect model revealed that days after baseline were associated with increased AS (P = 0.007). Also, tissue expander was associated with steeper rise of AS, compared to autologous tissue (P = 0.015). Fractionation regimen was not associated with the change of AS (P = 0.389). AS detected by deep learning might be feasible in predicting cosmetic outcomes of RT-treated patients with breast reconstruction. AS should be validated in prospective studies.
Integrating cell morphology with gene expression and chemical structure to aid mitochondrial toxicity detection
Authors: Seal Srijit , Carreras-Puigvert Jordi , Trapotsi Maria-Anna , Yang Hongbin , Spjuth Ola , Bender Andreas
Published: August 2022

Mitochondrial toxicity is an important safety endpoint in drug discovery. Models based solely on chemical structure for predicting mitochondrial toxicity are currently limited in accuracy and applicability domain to the chemical space of the training compounds. In this work, we aimed to utilize both -omics and chemical data to push beyond the state-of-the-art. We combined Cell Painting and Gene Expression data with chemical structural information from Morgan fingerprints for 382 chemical perturbants tested in the Tox21 mitochondrial membrane depolarization assay. We observed that mitochondrial toxicants differ from non-toxic compounds in morphological space and identified compound clusters having similar mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicity, thereby indicating that morphological space provides biological insights related to mechanisms of action of this endpoint. We further showed that models combining Cell Painting, Gene Expression features and Morgan fingerprints improved model performance on an external test set of 244 compounds by 60% (in terms of F1 score) and improved extrapolation to new chemical space. The performance of our combined models was comparable with dedicated in vitro assays for mitochondrial toxicity. Our results suggest that combining chemical descriptors with biological readouts enhances the detection of mitochondrial toxicants, with practical implications in drug discovery.
Correction: Novel 90Sr analysis of environmental samples by Ion-Laser InterAction Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Honda Maki , Martschini Martin , Marchhart Oscar , Priller Alfred , Steier Peter , Golser Robin , Sato Tetsuya K. , Kazuaki Tsukada , Sakaguchi Aya
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘Novel 90Sr analysis of environmental samples by Ion-Laser InterAction Mass Spectrometry’ by Maki Honda et al., Anal. Methods, 2022, 14, 2732–2738, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AY00604A.
The role of phosphoric acid in the crystallization of lenalidomide form DH–water system
Authors: Liang Ruili , Zhu Yitong , Wu Yanyang , Gu Xing , Zhang Xiangyang
Published: August 2022

In this work, we studied the effect of phosphoric acid (0–10 v%), acting as an additive, on the thermodynamics and nucleation kinetics of the lenalidomide (LDM) latest form (DH).
MOFUN: a Python package for molecular find and replace
Authors: Boone Paul , Wilmer Christopher E.
Published: August 2022

MOFUN is an open-source Python package that can find and replace molecular substructures in a larger, potentially periodic, system.
Orcinol and resorcinol induce local ordering of water molecules near the liquid–vapor interface
Authors: Yang Huanyu , Gladich Ivan , Boucly Anthony , Artiglia Luca , Ammann Markus
Published: August 2022

Resorcinol and orcinol are surface active in aqueous solution, self-aggregate into islands and induce tetrahedral ordering in nearby water. This may be relevant for ice nucleation promoted by phenolic species in the atmosphere.
Effects of cation vacancies at tetrahedral sites in cobalt spinel oxides on oxygen evolution catalysis
Authors: Liu Wei , Kamiko Masao , Yamada Ikuya , Yagi Shunsuke
Published: August 2022

The dissolution of substituted Zn2+ ions in Co–Al spinel oxides leads to cation vacancies at the tetrahedral sites, promoting the adsorption process of OH− ions for charge compensation and enhancing the activity for oxygen evolution catalysis.
Stimuli-responsive one-dimensional photonic crystals: design, fabrication and sensing
Authors: Däntl Marie , Jiménez-Solano Alberto , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: August 2022

This review gives conceptual insights into stimuli-responsive one-dimensional photonic crystals regarding fabrication, materials, optical properties and sensing principles.
Red light active Pt(iv)–BODIPY prodrug as a mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum targeted chemo-PDT agent
Authors: Bera Arpan , Gautam Srishti , Sahoo Somarupa , Pal Apurba Kumar , Kondaiah Paturu , Chakravarty Akhil R.
Published: August 2022

A cisplatin-based Pt(iv)–BODIPY prodrug undergoes rapid activation upon red-light irradiation in a reducing environment generating singlet oxygen as the ROS.
Zirconia-based nanomaterials: recent developments in synthesis and applications
Authors: Kumari Nisha , Sareen Shweta , Verma Meenakshi , Sharma Shelja , Sharma Ajay , Sohal Harvinder Singh , Mehta S. K. , Park Jeongwon , Mutreja Vishal
Published: August 2022

In the last decade, the whole scientific community has witnessed great advances and progress in the various fields of nanoscience.
One-pot synthesis of robust dendritic sulfur quantum dots for two-photon fluorescence imaging and “off–on” detection of hydroxyl radicals and ascorbic acid
Authors: Tan Jisuan , Song Yiheng , Dai Xuanjun , Wang Guan , Zhou Li
Published: August 2022

Compared with widely employed linear ligands, hyperbranched polyglycerol ligands can endow sulfur quantum dots with higher photostability, better biocompatibility, and strong and responsive two-photon fluorescence to hydroxyl radicals and ascorbic acid.
All-colloidal parity–time-symmetric microfiber lasers balanced between the gain of colloidal quantum wells and the loss of colloidal metal nanoparticles
Authors: Foroutan-Barenji Sina , Shabani Farzan , Isik Ahmet Tarik , Dikmen Zeynep , Demir Hilmi Volkan
Published: August 2022

Spectral purification is demonstrated by harnessing notions from parity-time (PT) symmetry in an all-colloidal system of a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) supported microfiber cavity independent from selected pumping.
Investigating the role of potassium cations during electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Chandrashekar Sanjana , van Montfort Hugo-Pieter Iglesias , Bohra Divya , Filonenko Georgy , Geerlings Hans , Burdyny Thomas , Smith Wilson A.
Published: August 2022

The specific identity of electrolyte cations has many implications in various electrochemical reactions. However, the exact mechanism by which cations affect electrochemical reactions is unknown.
Unique multiphthalocyanine coordination systems: vibrationally hot excited states and charge transfer states that power high energy triplet charge separated states
Authors: Joseph Jan , Lourenço Leandro M. O. , Tomé João P. C. , Torres Tomás , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: August 2022

Non-covalent pentamers based on thiopyridyl- and ruthenium-phthalocyanines were investigated. Our studies revealed efficient charge separation from charge transfer and vibrationally hot states to form high energy triplet charge separated states.
Preparation and characterization of lauric acid–stearic acid/expanded perlite as a composite phase change material
Authors: Liu Xuying , Zhao Yunchao , Fan Zhixuan , Shi Yu , Jiang Dahua
Published: August 2022

(1) The maximum mass adsorption rate of EP on L–S is 70%. (2) The melting temperature of LS/EP is 37.79 °C, with latent heat of 126.05 J g−1, and it has a crystallinity of over 90%. (3) LS/EP CPCM has good thermal stability and reliability.
Experimental and theoretical insights into copper corrosion inhibition by protonated amino-acids
Authors: Sedik Amel , Athmani Samah , Saoudi Adel , Ferkous Hana , Ribouh Nazih , Lerari Djahida , Bachari Khaldoun , Djellali Souad , Berredjem Malika , Solmaz Ramazan , Alam Manawwer , Jeon Byong-Hun , Benguerba Yacine
Published: August 2022

The effects of cysteine (Cys) andl-methionine (l-Met) on copper corrosion inhibition were examined in 1 M HNO3solution for short and long exposure times.
A nitroreductase responsive and photoactivated fluorescent probe for dual-controlled tumor hypoxia imaging
Authors: Xu Jialong , Zai Wenjing , Ye Qingsong , Zhang Qingqing , Yi Wenqian , Wu Jinhui
Published: August 2022

Tumor hypoxia has great importance in tumor progression and resistance to antitumor therapies.
Chemically active filaments: analysis and extensions of slender phoretic theory
Authors: Katsamba Panayiota , Butler Matthew D. , Koens Lyndon , Montenegro-Johnson Thomas D.
Published: August 2022

Fantastic fun finding functional forms for phoretic filaments.
Rheological behavior of thread-like fiber solutions formed from a rosin-based surfactant with two head groups
Authors: Zhang Jinpeng , Li Hongye , Xue Linyu , Pei Xiaomei , Cui Zhenggang , Song Binglei
Published: August 2022

Fibrous rigid nanofibers formed from a rosin-based surfactant containing two head groups lead to temperature-insensitive viscoelastic solutions at very low surfactant concentrations.
Listening for Dysphagia: Voice Quality Sequelae of Material in the Airway
Authors: Welden Kathy , Kelchner Lisa , Silbert Noah , Rule David W.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Postswallow voice abnormality is often assumed to indicate the presence of material in the laryngeal airway (MIA), but prior research has not shown definitive evidence of a causal relationship. This study investigated if endoscopically confirmed MIA (prandial material or secretions) generates specific voice quality attributes that can be perceptually identified by experienced listeners.

Method:

Forty-four dysphagic adults underwent endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Time-linked audiovisual recordings of pre- and postswallow phonation were analyzed to determine the presence, amount, and location of prandial material or secretions in the larynx during phonation. Expert listeners completed auditory-perceptual ratings of phonation samples.

Results:

Voice quality ratings did not differ significantly when there was MIA during postswallow phonation. However, judgments of voice quality abnormality for MIA samples were elevated when analyses controlled for effects of baseline dysphonia. Listeners were most likely to perceive voice quality abnormality when larger amounts of secretions were present, as compared to prandial material. Interrater reliability was variable and ranged from low to moderate across perceptual parameters.

Conclusions:

MIA during phonation occurred for many participants, but perception of voice quality abnormality was variable when MIA was present. Baseline dysphonia is common among individuals with dysphagia and may limit perception of voice quality abnormalities generated by MIA. Secretions in the laryngeal airway may have a greater impact on voice quality parameters.
Retraction notice to: r-process nucleosynthesis in the MHD+neutrino-heated collapsar jet
Authors: Nakamura K. , Kajino T. , Mathews G. J. , Sato S. , Harikae S.
Published: August 2022

We have become aware, through a whistle-blower complaint, of very extensive overlap between this article and International Journal of Modern Physics E., Vol. 22, No. 10, 1330022 (2013) by the same authors. A&A therefore retracts this article. The corresponding author, Grant J. Mathews, understands our decision. Ko Nakamura, Toshitaka Kajino, and Seiji Harikae were copied on the correspondence and have not objected. We have been unable to find recent contact information for Susumu Sato.
Estimating willingness to pay for the conservation of wetland ecosystems, Lake Victoria as a case study
Authors: Mamboleo Martin , Adem Aggrey
Published: August 2022

Wetlands are critical habitats for human health, well-being, ecological integrity, and national development. Freshwater ecosystems supply a variety of products and services, yet they are frequently underappreciated. Long-term economic viability necessitates an understanding of the role that finite natural resources play in economic activity and production, as well as the connection people have with, and the value they place on, those natural resources. The purpose of this study was to determine peoples' Willingness to Pay (WTP) for the maintenance of the Lake Victoria Ecosystem. The research was conducted in the Kenyan counties of Migori, Siaya, Busia, Kisumu, and Homa Bay. Using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), the gathered data were coded, cleaned, and analyzed. According to the findings, 40.9% of locals were prepared to spend roughly KES 500 for the conservation initiative. From the study, Lake Victoria ecosystem in Kenya had a total WTP of KES 616,279,069 each year. According to the findings, those who benefitted directly from the lake's resources were more inclined to pay for the program. This empirical research is a helpful input for identifying market segments among inhabitants, which may aid in generating more cash for biodiversity conservation in the Lake Victoria Basin.
Informationsangebote rund um das Thema Angststörungen im Internet
Authors: Abert Sabine
Published: August 2022

Angststörungen gehören zu den häufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen. Betroffene führt der erste Weg oft ins Internet, wo umfangreiche Informationen zu den verschiedenen Krankheitsbildern sowie Behandlungsangeboten zur Verfügung stehen. Fachleute finden in Fachgesellschaften Möglichkeiten zur Vernetzung und Weiterbildung. Auch die Hochschulen und Hochschulambulanzen spielen in der Patientenversorgung und der Forschung eine wichtige Rolle.
Multimorbidität von Angststörungen und Suchterkrankungen: Entstehung, Wechselwirkungen, Therapie
Authors: Vogelgesang Monika
Published: August 2022

Suchterkrankungen und Angststörungen treten gehäuft in Kombination miteinander auf. Bei der Analyse ihres jeweiligen Bedingungsgefüges fallen verschiedenste Interdependenzen auf, so dass in einem doppelten Teufelskreis die eine Störung nicht nur sich selbst, sondern auch die komorbide Erkrankung mit aufrechterhält. In der Therapie geht es dementsprechend darum, beide Störungen gleichwertig und integriert zu behandeln.
Angststörungen
Authors: Schultheis Daniela
Published: August 2022

Definitionen, Fakten, Relevantes – die PiD-Essentials fassen die wichtigsten Informationen zum Thema des Heftes knapp und übersichtlich für Sie zusammen.
Sexuell übertragbare Infektionen (STDs) und Prävention
Authors: Daeschlein Georg , Westphal Sabine , Schäfer Julian , Zouboulis Christos C. , Schlatterer Kathrin
Published: August 2022

Auch im Lichte aktueller, infektionsimmunologischer Erkenntnisse über Entstehung und Behandlung spielen im Zeitalter der modernen Therapien einschließlich Antisepsis und Antibiotika sexuell übertragbare Erkrankungen nach wie vor, und speziell für bestimmte Risikogruppen, eine bedeutende Rolle. Die grundsätzliche Behandelbarkeit lange Zeit tödlich verlaufender Infektionen wie AIDS hat andererseits sogar vielfach zu vermehrter Sorglosigkeit geführt, wodurch nicht nur die HIV-Infektion und häufig ko-akquirierte Infektionen wie Syphilis nach wie vor wichtige Infektionskrankheiten auch in entwickelten Ländern darstellen, sondern grundsätzlich viele eindämmbare Erkrankungen z.T. auch wieder vermehrt auftreten und entsprechende Probleme bereiten. Daher ist und bleibt es unumgänglich, dass sich Ärzte und sexualmedizinisches Personal ständig auch über die Möglichkeiten der Übertragung wie der Prävention sexuell übertragbarer Krankheiten auf dem Laufenden halten.
Haftungsrisiko Zählkontrolle
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: August 2022

Immer wieder kommt es nach einer Operation zu Komplikationen, weil die Zählkontrolle nicht sachgemäß durchgeführt wurde und zum Beispiel ein Tupfer im Körper des Patienten verbleibt 1. Solche Mängel im OP-Management führen schnell zu Konsequenzen auf der haftungsrechtlichen Ebene 1. Einen Überblick über die Rechtslage gibt unser Fachanwalt für Medizinrecht.
Pattern Recognition of Abdominal Vasculature on Color Doppler in the Fetus as a Tool for Early Diagnosis of Bladder Exstrophy in the First and Early-Second Trimester: Initial Observations
Authors: Aneja Kavita , Gandhi Sanjay , Deka Jeena Bordoloi , Deshmukh Meenal S.
Published: August 2022

Early prenatal diagnosis of bladder exstrophy is challenging because of its variable size and presentation. This article brings forth new signs on color Doppler (CD) to help establish the diagnosis in a suspected case. Two cases of omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects complex presenting as a solid-cystic ventral mass at 11 weeks and a solid lower abdominal wall mass at 20 weeks, with nonvisualization of the urinary bladder, were studied by gray-scale and CD in sagittal and transverse-bladder views of the abdomen. The sagittal view on CD revealed an altered intrafetal course of umbilical artery (UA), widened UA-aorta angle (K angle), a break in the intersection of UA, and umbilical vein (UV) at the umbilicus—broken “X-sign” with distortion of the equilateral triangle normally formed by aorta, UA, and UV. The transverse-bladder view showed an altered divergent course of single-UA. Combination of these findings substantiated early diagnosis of bladder exstrophy, thus facilitating prenatal counseling.

Key Messages
Effect of local and global information on the dynamical interplay between awareness and epidemic transmission in multiplex networks
Authors: Zhang Libo , Guo Cong , Feng Minyu
Published: August 2022

Recent few years have witnessed a growing interest in exploring the dynamical interplay between awareness and epidemic transmission within the framework of multiplex networks. However, both local and global information have significant impacts on individual awareness and behavior, which have not been adequately characterized in the existing works. To this end, we propose a local and global information controlled spreading model to explore the dynamics of two spreading processes. In the upper layer, we construct a threshold model to describe the awareness diffusion process and introduce local and global awareness information as variables into an individual awareness ratio. In the lower layer, we adopt the classical susceptible-infected-susceptible model to represent the epidemic propagation process and introduce local and global epidemic information into individual precaution degree to reflect individual heterogeneity. Using the microscopic Markov chain approach, we theoretically derive the threshold for epidemic outbreaks. Our findings suggest that the local and global information can motivate individuals to increase self-protection awareness and take more precaution measures, thereby reducing disease infection probability and suppressing the spread of epidemics.
Study of MIS structures based on CdHgTe and HfO2 applied by PEALD
Authors: Gorshkov D. V. , Zakirov E. R. , Sidorov G. Yu. , Sabinina I. V. , Marin D. V. , Ikusov D. G. , Yakushev M. V. , Golyashov V. A. , Tereshchenko O. E.
Published: August 2022

We investigate the HfO2/Hg0.78Cd0.22Te interface fabricated by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) at 120 °C During the deposition of HfO2, no donor-like defects are introduced into mercury cadmium telluride. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ellipsometry were used to establish the optimal process regime at 120 °C and to demonstrate how HfO2 layer composition and growth rate per cycle depend on post-plasma purge time; the optimum is achieved at 6 s. Increasing the post-plasma purge time decreases the carbon and nitrogen impurity concentration in the HfO2 layer. Measurements of the admittance of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures over the surface of a sample show that the electro-physical properties are uniform. We discuss the method of measuring the admittance of MIS structures that allows us to minimize the contribution of slow states with trapped charge on shape and shift of the C–V curve. The results demonstrate that the densities of fixed charge, slow states, and fast interfacial traps at the HfO2/MCT interface are greater than that for Al2O3/MCT (also formed by PEALD). The interface trap density is estimated from a normalized parallel conductance map, and the HfO2 film adheres well.
Synthesis of β-Ga2O3 thin film assisted by microwave annealing
Authors: Badiei Nafiseh , Tarat Afshin , Li Lijie
Published: August 2022

β-Ga2O3 is increasingly being used in power electronics and UV sensors. The preparation of β-Ga2O3 thin films requires costly and time-consuming fabrication processes. Therefore, developing short-time and low-cost fabrication processes of the β-Ga2O3 thin film has been greatly demanded to quicken the pace of applying this material in practical devices and systems. In this paper, a new fabrication process combining physical vapor deposition and microwave localized annealing has been postulated for β-Ga2O3 thin films. The experimental results show that after microwave annealing bandgaps have been slightly adjusted, the surface morphology has been improved and extra diffraction peaks appear, which give rise to stronger β-phase characteristics in the Ga2O3 thin film. Calculation based on density functional theory has been conducted to show the electronic bandstructures, formation energies, and optical absorptions of both types.
Significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on race/ethnic differences in US mortality
Authors: Aburto José Manuel , Tilstra Andrea M. , Floridi Ginevra , Dowd Jennifer Beam
Published: August 2022

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered global declines in life expectancy. The United States was hit particularly hard among high-income countries. Early data from the United States showed that these losses varied greatly by race/ethnicity in 2020, with Hispanic and Black Americans suffering much larger losses in life expectancy compared with White people. We add to this research by examining trends in lifespan inequality, average years of life lost, and the contribution of specific causes of death and ages to race/ethnic life-expectancy disparities in the United States from 2010 to 2020. We find that life expectancy in 2020 fell more for Hispanic and Black males (4.5 and 3.6 y, respectively) compared with White males (1.5 y). These drops nearly eliminated the previous life-expectancy advantage for the Hispanic compared with the White population, while dramatically increasing the already large gap in life expectancy between Black and White people. While the drops in life expectancy for the Hispanic population were largely attributable to official COVID-19 deaths, Black Americans saw increases in cardiovascular diseases and “deaths of despair” over this period. In 2020, lifespan inequality increased slightly for Hispanic and White populations but decreased for Black people, reflecting the younger age pattern of COVID-19 deaths for Hispanic people. Overall, the mortality burden of the COVID-19 pandemic hit race/ethnic minorities particularly hard in the United States, underscoring the importance of the social determinants of health during a public health crisis.
Natural resource scarcity - classical to contemporary views
Authors: Jayasuriya Rohan Terrence
Published: August 2022

This paper reviews the literature on the concept of natural resource scarcity and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of traditional measures of resource scarcity. Through examination of the concept of generalized resource scarcity from the classical view to the more conventional and the contemporary views, an effort is made to identify suitable means of detecting scarcity. It also represents a point of departure into the larger debate of the measurement aspects of the scarcity of natural resources. With the rising public awareness and interest in environmental quality, it has become common to point out that conventional scarcity indicators do not take environmental costs into account, and hence give misleading signals regarding natural resource scarcity. The paper highlights the more recent developments and the contemporary view on the issue of sustainable development.
Joint Gaussian dictionary learning and tomographic reconstruction
Authors: Zickert Gustav , Öktem Ozan , Yarman Can Evren
Published: August 2022

This paper studies ill-posed tomographic imaging problems where the image is sparsely represented by a non-negative linear combination of Gaussians. Our main contribution is to develop a scheme for directly recovering the Gaussian mixture representation of an image from tomographic data, which here is modeled as noisy samples of the parallel-beam ray transform. An important aspect of this non-convex reconstruction problem is the choice of initial guess. We propose an initialization procedure that is based on a filtered back projection type of operator tailored for the Gaussian dictionary. This operator can be evaluated efficiently using an approximation of the Riesz-potential of an anisotropic Gaussian which is based on an exact closed form expression for the Riesz-potential of an isotropic Gaussian. The proposed method is evaluated on simulated data.
Optical and microstructural characterization of Micro-LED with sidewall treatment
Authors: Yang Fan , Xu Yu , Li Lu , Cai Xin , Li Jianjie , Tao Jiahao , Zheng Shunan , Cao Bing , Xu Ke
Published: August 2022

The traditional influence on the sidewall damage of Micro-LED was mostly focused on the research of I-V-L. In this paper, we discussed the influence of Micro-LED sidewall damage from the perspective of optical and microstructural characterization. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the Micro-LED structure with smaller size was more irregular after inductively coupled plasma etching. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis showed that the area of the upper and lower regions of the quantum well was inconsistent, there was about 2 nm lattice disorder on the surface of the sidewall of the mesa, and oxygen and silicon impurity atoms were enriched. For optical characterization, a method combining laser scanning confocal microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) was proposed to evaluate the optical performance of the mesa. The results showed that the luminescence of Micro-LED mesa was uneven, the luminous intensity at the edge of the mesa was reduced by more than 65%, and the luminous wavelength was shifted by several nanometers. Finally, we optimized the sidewall treatment process, effectively improved the performance of Micro-LED devices by combining tetramethylammonium hydroxide treatment and SiO2 passivation, and increased the luminous intensity of Micro-LED 2 μm away from the edge by about 4.7 times and PL uniformity was greatly improved. These results provided an available reference for the development of Micro-LED.
Symposium on disaster-related deaths after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
Authors: Tsuboi Motohiro , Tani Yuta , Sawano Toyoaki , Ozaki Akihiko , Nonaka Saori , Zhao Tianchen , Hori Arinobu , Akihiro Uto , Zaima Fumiyasu , Watanabe Toshihiko , Tsubokura Masaharu
Published: August 2022

Disaster deaths can be classified into direct and indirect deaths. Direct deaths are those caused by the direct physical effects of disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and radiation exposure. Indirect deaths are those caused by secondary health effects such as emergency evacuation, relocation, evacuation environment, disruption of health care delivery services, and psychosocial effects. In addition, in Japan, the term disaster-related deaths refers to indirect deaths in accordance with the disaster condolence payments system, which provides relief for bereaved families. On 11 March 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake exposed several issues related to disaster-related deaths in Japan. Therefore, on 1 February 2022, a symposium on disaster-related deaths hosted by this study was held on the website. The symposium discussed the issues and challenges associated with disaster-related deaths for future disaster preparedness. The authors introduced the concept of ‘shaking’ at the symposium by defining ‘shaking’ as ‘the repeated changes in the social and living environment that worsen health conditions, regardless of the disaster’. It was also pointed out that vulnerable populations are more likely to experience more pronounced health effects. This generalised concept of ‘shaking’ associated with disaster-related deaths suggests that it is important to anticipate disasters before they occur to take specific preventive measures, targeted at vulnerable populations. This study found that disaster-related deaths in Japan create several problems in terms of future radiation disaster preparedness and medical countermeasures. In the future, there will be a need to examine the relevance of the issues of disaster-related deaths identified as a result of this symposium for future radiation disaster preparedness.
Local control of optical absorption properties of glass using precipitation of gold nanoparticles via gold sphere movement driven by laser
Authors: Fukushima Shunta , Hidai Hirofumi , Itoh Sho , Matsusaka Souta
Published: August 2022

Glass embedded with metal nanoparticles is a promising material necessary for optical devices because of its absorption properties associated with the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metal nanoparticles. We demonstrated that continuous-wave laser illumination of the metal sphere in glass migrates the metal sphere and dopes the migration trajectory. In this study, we have attempted to locally control the absorption properties of borosilicate glass via gold nanoparticle precipitation using gold sphere migration. The gold sphere was moved in the glass via laser illumination, and the gold nanoparticles were precipitated in the movement trajectory. The trajectory was colored in red and purple gradations because of the SPR of gold nanoparticles. The particle size of the precipitated gold nanoparticles and the absorption peak wavelength increased with increasing velocity of the gold sphere. The absorption properties of the trajectory depend on the velocity of the gold sphere migration, which enabled local control of the absorption properties of the glass.
Black phosphorus nanosheets/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) based electrochemical immunosensor for the selective detection of human epididymis protein 4
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad Azhar Hayat , Akhtar Mahmood Hassan , Ren Jia , Akhtar Naeem , Hayat Akhtar , Yu Cong
Published: August 2022

In this work, an electrochemical immunosensor based on black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode was developed for the detection of ovarian cancer biomarker HE4. PAH has been applied to retain BPNS in its original honeycomb structure and to anchor biomolecules electrostatically on the transducer surface. The as synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by zeta potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, the performance of the electrochemical immunosensor was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under the optimal condition, the developed electrochemical immunosensor permitted to detect HE4 with a linear range of 0.1–300 ng ml−1 and a detection limit of 0.01 ng ml−1. The developed sensor exhibited good selectivity and specificity to HE4 with negligible interference effect from common biomolecules like bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, protamine, glucose, fructose, hemoglobin and fetal bovine serum. Further, practical application of developed electrochemical immunosensor was demonstrated in spiked human serum which showed satisfactory recovery percentages.