bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IgA is the predominant isotype of anti-β2 glycoprotein I in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Melayah Sarra , Omrani Nouha , Alouini Hela , Ghozzi Mariam , Mrad Sawssen , Boussarsar Mohamed , Chaouch Houda , Hachfi Wissem , Letaief Amel , Mankaï Amani , Ghedira Ibtissem
Published: December 2023

Objective

The aim of this research was to determine the frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in patients with COVID-19.

Methods

The frequency and titers of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) were determined in sera of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, IgM aCL, and aβ2GPI were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Eighty-three patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 62 ± 13.9 years, ranging from 23 to 86 years. Stratification according to severity of infection divided patients in 2 groups: 45 patients with moderate infection and 38 patients with critical or severe infection. Out of the 83 patients suffering from COVID-19, aPL (aCL or aβ2GPI) were detected in 24 patients (28.9%). IgG, IgA and IgM aβ2GPI were positive in 2.4%, 16.9% and 8.4%, respectively. IgG, IgA and IgM aCL showed positivity in 7.2%, 0%, and 4.8%, respectively. The frequency of aPL was 36.8% in patients with critical/severe infection and 22.2% in patients with moderate infection. In critical/severe patients, the frequency of aβ2GPI was significantly higher than aCL (34.2% vs 13.2%, P = .03) and aβ2GPI-IgA were significantly more frequent than aβ2GPI-IgG (21.1% vs 2.6%, P = .028).

Conclusion

In this cross-sectional study, aPL and particularly aβ2GPI-IgA were common in patients with COVID-19.
Evolution of stellar bars in spinning dark matter haloes and stellar bulges
Authors: Li Xingchen , Shlosman Isaac , Pfenniger Daniel , Heller Clayton
Published: December 2023

We use numerical simulations to follow evolution of barred galaxies in a suite of models with progressively more massive stellar bulges, with bulge-to-total (disc+bulge) mass ratios of B/T ∼ 0–0.25, embedded in dark matter (DM) haloes with spin $\lambda\sim 0\!-\!0.09$. We focus on models with a sequence of initial rotational support for bulges, and analyse their spinup and spindown. We find that (1) the presence of a bulge affects evolution of bars, i.e. the time-scale of bar instability, bar pattern speed, and its decay, and the vertical buckling instability. Bar strength is nearly independent of B/T in haloes with spin $\lambda=0$, and is suppressed by a factor ∼2 for haloes with $\lambda=0.09$; (2) The main effect of the bulge is the destruction of the harmonic core which affects the buckling; (3) The bulge plays a minor role in the exchange of angular momentum between the barred disc and the DM halo, during its spinup and spindown; (4) Buckling process triggers different response above/below the disc mid-plane, which anticorrelates with the bulge mass; (5) In spinning haloes, the buckling process has a prolonged amplitude tail, extending by few Gyr, as verified by measuring distortions in the Laplace plane; (6) Furthermore, as verified by orbital spectral analysis, the bulge gains its spin from the bar mainly via the inner Lindblad resonance, while losing it via a number of resonances lying between the outer and inner Lindblad resonance. The corollary is that we do not expect to find non-rotating bulges in barred galaxies.
The flipped orbit of KELT-19Ab inferred from the symmetric TESS transit light curves
Authors: Kawai Yugo , Narita Norio , Fukui Akihiko , Watanabe Noriharu , Inaba Satoshi
Published: December 2023

Dozens of planets are now discovered with large orbital obliquity, and have become the proof for the dynamical evolution of planetary orbits. In the current samples, there is an apparent clustering of planets around 90°, and also an absence of planets around 180° although the latter is expected by some theories. Statistical extrapolation using Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis have recently refuted the significant clustering around 90° and suggested that the distribution may actually be broader. In this work, the symmetric TESS transit light curve of KELT-19Ab is analysed using gravity darkening to measure its true obliquity. Its large sky projected obliquity $\lambda = -179.7^{\circ +3.7^\circ }_{\, \, -3.8^\circ }$ makes KELT-19Ab the only currently known planet with obliquity potentially close to 180°. We apply spectroscopic constraints on vsini and λ as well as theoretical constraints on the limb-darkening coefficients to find that the KELT-19Ab’s obliquity is $\psi = 155^{\circ +17^\circ }_{\, \, -21^\circ }$, in favour of a flipped orbit. The result is consistent with the statistically inferred uniformity of obliquity distribution, and also highlights the applicability of the gravity darkening technique to symmetric light curves.
Discovery of optical emission from the supernova remnant G108.2−0.6 and its atomic environment
Authors: Paylı G , Bakış H , Aktekin E , Sano H , Sezer A
Published: December 2023

We report on the first detection of optical emission from the shell-type Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G108.2−0.6. We obtained Hα images and long-slit spectra using the 1.5-m RTT150 telescope to examine the morphological and spectral characteristics of the SNR. We detected several filaments along its north and south regions, which is consistent with its SNR nature. The spectra exhibit [S ii]/Hα ratios in the range of 0.4–1.1, indicating emission from shock-heated gas. The oxygen doublet emission lines [O i] λλ6300, 6363 detected in the south region also support the indicator of the presence of shocks. We estimate the electron density using the [S ii] 6716/6731 ratio ranging from 15 to 1800 cm−3. The spectra show a relatively low shock velocity of Vs ∼ 80 km s−1 with the pre-shock cloud density of nc ∼18–57 cm−3. The Hα/Hβ ratios show significant variation across the observed regions with extinction E(B − V) ranging from 0.22 to 1.65. We also analysed the archival H i data and estimated the kinematic distance to G108.2−0.6 of ∼0.8 kpc and its dynamical age as ∼70 ± 10 kyr.
Online Support Program for the Use of Music-Based Resources for Daily Care for Families Living with Dementia
Authors: Mercadal-Brotons Melissa , Pulice Giuseppe , Martí Patricia , De Castro Mònica , Vernet Montserrat
Published: December 2023

This pilot project presents the results of a program aimed at studying the effectiveness of an online music therapy intervention to contribute and promote the autonomy and integral well-being of people living with dementia (PLD) and their family caregivers (FC) within the framework of Person-Centered Care. In addition, it aims to evaluate the impact of this intervention in selected areas of PLD and on their neuropsychiatric symptoms as well as the caregivers’ stress-related symptoms. The program was carried out with 13 families associated with 3 Alzheimer’s Family Associations of Catalonia (Spain). The intervention consisted of three online sessions, in a period of 3 months. It was addressed to FC and PLD with the key participation of three volunteers recruited by each of the Alzheimer Association for this purpose. The volunteers accompanied and gave in person support to each family during the online sessions and maintained contact on a weekly basis with the families throughout all the process. The music therapists developed personalized music resources for each family to use at home as often as possible and implemented the three online sessions to evaluate and modify the resources as needed. The results of the Neuropsychological Inventory show pre–posttest improvements in apathy, irritability, and agitation in the PLD and a decrease in the caregivers’ perceived stress for each of these challenging behaviors. Also, the caregivers perceived the positive impact of the program in several areas through the Impact Areas Questionnaire, with the highest being the facilitation of communication, offering distraction/entertainment, and providing a positive/creative experience. These results are discussed, and suggestions for future improvements to the program are included.
Experimental and theoretical evidences for the formation of transition metal complexes with five coplanar metal–carbon σ bonds
Authors: Hua Yuhui , Luo Ming , Lu Zhengyu , Zhang Hong , Chen Dafa , Xia Haiping
Published: December 2023

The σ bond is an important concept in chemistry, and the metal–carbon (M–C) σ bond in particular is a central feature in organometallic chemistry. Synthesis of stable complexes with five coplanar M–C σ bonds is challenging. Here, we describe the synthesis of two different types of stable complexes with five coplanar M–C σ bonds, and examine the stability of such complexes which use rigid conjugated carbon chains to chelate with the metal center. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the M–C σ bonds in these complexes have primarily a covalent character. Besides the σ nature, there are also a π conjugation component among the metal center and carbons, which causes delocalization. This work expanded the coplanar M–C σ bonds to five.
Association Between Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Women and the Implementation of Tobacco Control Measures on Campus: A Cross-Sectional Study in 50 Universities Across China
Authors: Nian Qinghua , Yang Xiaozhao Y , Yang Tingzhong , Peng Sihui , Bottorff Joan L
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) among women is prevalent in China which increases their risk of developing a wide range of diseases and can affect their susceptibility to adverse reproductive health effects. This study aims to examine the association between SHS exposure among women and the adoption and implementation of tobacco control measures on campus in China.

Aims and Methods

7469 female college students who have never smoked were recruited from 50 universities across China using a multistage sampling technique. All participants reported their exposure to SHS and the tobacco advertising and promotion on campus. Participants from colleges with smoke-free policies reported the implementation of smoke-free policies on campus measured by: (1) no evidence of smoking and (2) the display of smoke-free signs in public places. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied using weighted survey data.

Results

SHS exposure among participants was 50.5% (95% CI = 44.2% to 56.9%). The adoption of a smoke-free policy was not associated with SHS exposure (OR: 1.01, 95% CI = .71, 1.42), however, the implementation of the policy was significantly negatively associated with SHS exposure (OR: 0.56, 95% CI = .47 to 0.67). In addition, tobacco advertising and promotion on campus were significantly positively associated with SHS exposure (OR: 2.33, 95% CI = 1.42, 3.82; OR: 1.52; 95% CI = 1.15, 2.02, respectively).

Conclusions

Exposure to SHS is prevalent among female college students in China. Successful implementation of a smoke-free policy and banning tobacco advertising and promotion on campus could be effective measures to protect young women from the harms of SHS in China.

Implications

Approximately half of female college students are exposed to SHS on campus in China. Failure to implement smoke-free policies and exposure to tobacco marketing on campus are associated with higher SHS exposure. To protect millions of young Chinese women from the health harms of SHS, universities need to enact and enforce smoke-free policies within campus boundaries and adopt comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promotion on campus.
Panacinar emphysema complicating idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: a case report
Authors: Saleem Talha , Al-Jaghbeer Mohammed J , Arrossi Valeria Andrea V , Mehta Atul C
Published: December 2023

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare entity with no known underlying etiology. It can be complicated by lung fibrosis. Emphysema is rarely reported as a consequence of IPH. We present a case of a 30-year-old female who presented with recurrent hemoptysis and shortness of breath. Radiographs revealed advanced emphysematous changes of the lower lobes. The diagnosis of IPH was established with an open lung biopsy. She was treated with systemic steroids, underwent bullectomy and was subsequently maintained on inhaled steroids.
Eosinophilic Fasciitis Presenting as Chronic Nonspecific Symptoms in a Young Adult
Authors: Khaleel Mansour , Ayyad Mohammed , Khalil Nabil C N , Tarayrah Omar , Tumezeh Muath , Bannoura Sami
Published: December 2023

Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare inflammatory disease affecting various connective tissues. It is characterized by induration of the skin as well as scleroderma-like manifestations that are progressive and bilaterally symmetrical. Additionally, the joints and muscles are commonly involved, and rarely, there can be involvement of internal organs. The diagnosis of EF is based on clinical, laboratory, radiological, and a full-thickness skin biopsy involving the fascia. The biopsy is often diagnostic and shows eosinophilic inflammation. Systemic corticosteroids specifically prednisone and prednisolone remain the preferred treatment of choice and may be combined with immunosuppressive therapy in a subset of patients. We herein report a patient complaining of chronic nonspecific symptoms that were diagnosed with EF. The patient was treated with steroids with marked improvement of his overall condition.
Recurrent deep vein thrombosis in a young patient of African descent: challenging the prevailing stance on the significance of MTHFR C677T mutation
Authors: Solela Gashaw , Aschenek Addis , Amsalu Chali
Published: December 2023

Background

Although numerous gene variations, such as those in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, have been implicated in an increased risk of venous thrombosis, current recommendations do not advocate genetic testing if there is no clinically meaningful association with thrombosis.

Case Presentation

A 30-year-old male patient presented with left lower limb swelling of two days with prior history of deep vein thrombosis and superficial thrombophlebitis. His left lower limb was grossly swollen. Doppler study showed thrombosis of left common femoral, superficial femoral and iliac veins and work up for inherited thrombophilia was negative except detection of MTHFR C677T mutation.

Conclusion

In spite of the great controversy regarding the strong association between MTHFR C677T mutation and venous thromboembolism, it is worth considering genetic testing as part of work-up for inherited thrombophilia in young patients, particularly of African descent, if they have recurrent deep vein thrombosis with no obvious risk factors.
Attempted suicidal poisoning with pretilachlor: case series of a herbicide simulating organophosphorus toxicity
Authors: Dahal Agnimshwor , Shukla Sudeep , Chauhan Bhim , Gyawali Jeevan , Thapa Astha , Budhamagar Bishal , Mishra Deergha
Published: December 2023

Pretilachlor is a herbicide that can cause clinical symptoms in people that are comparable to those of organophosphate poisoning when ingested. Given how closely it mimics the toxicity of organophosphate compounds, it presents a significant challenge to clinicians during management. The following cases were presented to the Emergency Department at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal.
An evaluation of the Birchwood Junk Food Café, Skelmersdale
Authors: Williams Greg , Greenhalgh Christine , Mitchell Steph , Ali Omer , Connell Stella , Scott David , Vella Grace , Verma Arpana
Published: December 2023

Food waste is an issue of global concern requiring worldwide action. In the UK, £19 billion worth of food is wasted every year. A variety of initiatives have been developed to redistribute surplus food to those in need. The Birchwood Junk Food Café in Skelmersdale combines the reduction of food waste with community and societal benefits. The University of Manchester and the Birchwood Centre conducted an evaluation of the café including a customer satisfaction survey, a long-form health and wellbeing survey and qualitative interviews. Each day the café produces a three-course menu for the public on a ‘pay-as-you-feel’ basis. During an 18-month period, the café intercepted 32 729 kg of food that would otherwise have gone to waste, served over 1500 people, with 3500 covers, 60 different dishes and 1200 volunteer hours. Customer satisfaction was extremely high with 88% being repeated visitors and 86% rating the café as excellent. Volunteers include youth from the local Birchwood Centre, who gain valuable experiences. Customers benefit from social interactions and additional community cohesion. The café offers an unique opportunity to impact on the wider community and provides support and structure for the volunteers.
Fibrous topology promoted pBMP2-activated matrix on titanium implants boost osseointegration
Authors: He Ting , Wang Yichun , Wang Ruohan , Yang Huan , Hu Xueyi , Pu Yiyao , Yang Binbin , Zhang Jingyuan , Li Juan , Huang Chongxiang , Jin Rongrong , Nie Yu , Zhang Xingdong
Published: December 2023

Titanium (Ti) implants have been extensively used after surgical operations. Its surface bioactivity is of importance to facilitate integration with surrounding bone tissue, and ultimately ensure stability and long-term functionality of the implant. The plasmid DNA-activated matrix (DAM) coating on the surface could benefit osseointegration but is still trapped by poor transfection for further application, especially on the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vivo practical conditions. Herein, we constructed a DAM on the surface of fibrous-grained titanium (FG Ti) composed of phase-transition lysozyme (P) as adhesive, cationic arginine-rich lipid (RLS) as the transfection agent and plasmid DNA (pDNA) for bone morphology protein 2 (BMP2) expression. The cationic lipid RLS improved up to 30-fold higher transfection than that of commercial reagents (Lipofectamine 2000 and polyethyleneimine) on MSC. And importantly, Ti surface topology not only promotes the DAM to achieve high transfection efficiency (∼75.7% positive cells) on MSC due to the favorable combination but also reserves its contact induction effect for osteoblasts. Upon further exploration, the fibrous topology on FG Ti could boost pDNA uptake for gene transfection, and cell migration in MSC through cytoskeleton remodeling and induce contact guidance for enhanced osteointegration. At the same time, the cationic RLS together with adhesive P were both antibacterial, showing up to 90% inhibition rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with reduced adherent microorganisms and disrupted bacteria. Finally, the FG Ti-P/pBMP2 implant achieved accelerated bone healing capacities through highly efficient gene delivery, aligned surface topological structure and increased antimicrobial properties in a rat femoral condylar defect model.
Quantifying hospital-associated costs, and accompanying travel costs and productivity losses, before and after withdrawing TNF-α inhibitors in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Florax Anna A , Doeleman Martijn J H , de Roock Sytze , van der Linden Naomi , Schatorjé Ellen , Currie Gillian , Marshall Deborah A , Jzerman Maarten J I , Yeung Rae S M , Benseler Susanne M , Vastert Sebastiaan J , Wulffraat Nico M , Swart Joost F , Kip Michelle M A ,   for UCAN-CAN DU and UCAN CURE Consortia, Yeung Rae S M , Wulffraat Nico , Benseler Susanne M , Swart Joost F , Vastert Sebastiaan J , Twilt Marinka , Marshall Deborah A , Cafazzo Joseph , Yeung Rae S M , Benseler Susanne M , Marshall Deborah A , Cafazzo Joseph , Ijzerman Maarten J , Wulffraat Nico , Swart Joost F , Vastert Sebastiaan J , Twilt Marinka
Published: December 2023

Objective

To quantify differences in hospital-associated costs, and accompanying travel costs and productivity losses, before and after withdrawing TNF-α inhibitors (TNFi) in JIA patients.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from electronic medical records of paediatric JIA patients treated with TNFi, which were immediately discontinued, spaced (increased treatment interval) or tapered (reduced subsequent doses). Costs of hospital-associated resource use (consultations, medication, radiology procedures, laboratory testing, procedures under general anaesthesia, hospitalization) and associated travel costs and productivity losses were quantified during clinically inactive disease until TNFi withdrawal (pre-withdrawal period) and compared with costs during the first and second year after withdrawal initiation (first and second year post-withdrawal).

Results

Fifty-six patients were included of whom 26 immediately discontinued TNFi, 30 spaced and zero tapered. Mean annual costs were €9165/patient on active treatment (pre-withdrawal) and decreased significantly to €5063/patient (−44.8%) and €6569/patient (−28.3%) in the first and second year post-withdrawal, respectively (P < 0.05). Of these total annual costs, travel costs plus productivity losses were €834/patient, €1180/patient, and €1320/patient in the three periods respectively. Medication comprised 80.7%, 61.5% and 72.4% of total annual costs in the pre-withdrawal, first and second year post-withdrawal period, respectively.

Conclusion

In the first two years after initiating withdrawal, the total annual costs were decreased compared with the pre-withdrawal period. However, cost reductions were lower in the second year compared with the first year post-withdrawal, primarily due to restarting or intensifying biologics. To support biologic withdrawal decisions, future research should assess the full long-term societal cost impacts, and include all biologics.
Patient–physician discordance impairs outcomes in early rheumatoid arthritis through less consistent treat-to-target implementation
Authors: Doumen Michaël , Stouten Veerle , Pazmino Sofia , De Meyst Elias , Bertrand Delphine , Joly Johan , Westhovens René , Verschueren Patrick
Published: December 2023

Objectives

We aimed to assess whether patient–physician discordance regarding disease activity affects treat-to-target (T2T) implementation and clinical outcomes in RA.

Methods

This was an analysis of the 2-year T2T-guided trial Care in early RA (CareRA). During year 1, DMARD escalations were mandated by the protocol when DAS28-CRP was >3.2. During year 2, treatment was at the rheumatologists’ discretion. At each visit we assessed T2T implementation, defined as escalating DMARDs if DAS28-CRP >3.2. Patient–physician discordance was defined by the discordance score (DS), a weighted difference between patient-reported and clinical/laboratory outcomes. Using generalized linear mixed models and multilevel mediation analysis, we studied the association between time-varying DS, T2T implementation and the odds of remission (Simplified Disease Activity Index ≤3.3), physical functioning (HAQ score) and radiographic progression at year 2.

Results

Over 2 years, 379 patients were assessed at 3129 follow-up visits. On 445 (14%) of these visits, DAS28-CRP was >3.2, and DMARDs were escalated in 217/445 (49%) of such cases. T2T implementation declined over time and was consistently lower during the second year (year 1: 57–66%; year 2: 17–52%). Higher DS over time was negatively associated with remission and physical functioning at year 2, partly mediated by a lower proportion of T2T-adherent visits. No such association was found for radiographic progression.

Conclusion

Even in a trial setting, T2T was applied on only around 50% of visits. T2T was less likely to be implemented with increasing patient–physician discordance regarding disease activity, which was in turn associated with less remission and worse functional outcome, but not with radiographic progression.
Synthesis and characterisation of lead–magnesium–boron nanocomposite for radiation shielding application
Authors: Madhusudhana Chandrika B , Lakshmaiah Seenappa , Manjunatha Holaly C , Rajanna Ambika Madalakote , Nagarthnamma Sridhar K , Lourduraj Clement , Shivanna Manjunatha , Rajachari Munirathnam , Ningaiah Nagaiah
Published: December 2023

There is a need for the replacement of toxic lead with nontoxic materials in radiation shielding applications. Instead of pure lead, lead mixed compounds/mixtures/alloys are considered to be less toxic and hence preferred for radiation shielding purposes. The compounds with magnesium are said to be having good magnetic and mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the boron element avoids secondary radiation and absorbs neutrons. The compound which is a mixture of lead, magnesium and boron is expected to be a good shielding material for radiation for X-rays/gamma rays. Hence in the present study, we have synthesised the lead–magnesium–boron (LMB) nanocomposites (NCs) using the green synthesis approach for the first time. LMB is synthesised by solution combustion method using Aloe vera as a reducing agent. The synthesised NCs are characterised using well-known characterisation techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of multi-phase LMB NCs, and average crystal size is found to be 13–15 nm. Surface morphology and chemical composition are affirmed by SEM and EDX. The optical energy gap is found to be 1.87 eV. FTIR confirmed the functional groups. X-rays/gamma rays, neutrons and bremsstrahlung radiation shielding efficiency are measured by experimental and theoretical, compared with conventional shielding materials. LMB NCs have proved to be efficient. Hence, LMB NCs proved to be potential in X-rays/gamma rays, neutrons and bremsstrahlung radiation shielding.
Synthesis and characterization of Ag-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles for electromagnetic radiation shielding
Authors: Munirathnam Rajachari , Seenappa Lakshmaiah , Manjunatha Holaly Chandrashekara Shastry , Vidya Yalekadakalu Shivanna , Sridhar Krishnachari Nagarthnamma , Manjunath Shivanna , Veera Rethina Murugan Subramaniam , Nagaiah Ningaiah
Published: December 2023

In the current study, CeO2: Ag (0 and 11 mol) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by solution combustion method using Aloevera extract as reducing agent. As-obtained NPs were characterized by standard techniques. Bragg’s reflections confirm the formation of a single-phase cubic structure of CeO2:Ag NPs. Crystalline size is calculated using both the W–H plot and Scherrer’s equation. Crystallite size found to decrease with increase in the dopant concentration. EDAX pattern confirmed the presence of Ce, O and Ag. Direct energy band calculated using Wood and Tauc’s was found to be in the range of 2.9–2.2 eV for 0 and 11 mol, respectively. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of the functional groups. Total shielding efficiency (SET) will give the best representation of EMI shielding properties. SET values calculated for a wide range of wavelengths are found to be as follows: near infrared (1.65 × 102 dB), mid infrared (9.78 × 101 dB) and far infrared (6.32 × 101 dB), followed by microwave region (MW) (6.46 × 101 dB), ultra-high frequency (UHF) (7.31 × 101 dB), very high frequency (VHF) (8.27 × 101 dB), high frequency (HF) (9.26 × 101 dB), medium frequency (MF) (1.02 × 102 dB), low frequency (LW) (1.12 × 102 dB), very low frequency (VLF) (1.22 × 102 dB), ultra-low frequency (ULF) (1.42 × 102 dB) and extremely low frequency (ELF) (1.52 × 102 dB). SET values of CeO2:Ag NPs are compared with other traditional materials and nanocomposites and found to be potential use in EMI shielding applications.
Neem leaves mediated synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles for X/gamma ray absorption applications
Authors: Munirathnam Rajachari , Seenappa Lakshmaiah , Manjunatha Holaly Chandrashekara Shastry , Vidya Yalekadakalu Shivanna , Sridhar Krishnachari Nagarthnamma , Manjunath Shivanna , Murugan Veera Rethina , Nagaiah Ningaiah
Published: December 2023

Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit a variety of properties, which have prompted researchers to explore CeO2 NPs in various applications such as biomedical, electrochemical, gas sensing and display applications. CeO2 NPs capabilities were impacted by the type of synthesis mechanism. CeO2 NPs were synthesized by solution combustion method using neem leaves extract as a reducing agent. The synthesized sample is characterized with different techniques. The Bragg reflections confirm the formation of cubic spinel structure. The surface morphology consists of agglomerated NPs. The direct energy band gap was found to be 2.9 eV. X-ray radiation absorption properties were studied within 1 keV–100GeV range. The results indicate that CeO2 NPs found to be potential in radiation applications.
Study of variation of indoor radon levels in houses and prediction of indoor concentrations using house characteristics and outdoor radon levels
Authors: Narasimhamurthy Kesthur Naraseeyappa , Ashok Godekere Visweswaraiah , Raghu Ammannappa , Nagaiah Ningaiah , Shashikumar Thuruganur Siddaiah , Harish Venkatareddy , Shivaprasad Nambihally Gopalakrishna
Published: December 2023

The measurement of 222Rn concentrations in indoor and outdoor air was carried out in certain locations of Mandya city, Karnataka, using the Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD) technique. The annual mean values of 222Rn in indoor and outdoor are found to be 20.5 ± 1.4 and 9.0 ± 0.5 Bq m−3, respectively. The observed mean value of indoor radon concentration is found to be well within the world and the Indian average of 40 and 42 Bq m−3, respectively. Outdoor radon concentrations have been measured in the vicinity of houses where yearlong radon measurements carried out using the SSNTD technique. The seasonal variation in the outdoor radon was studied and the average concentrations during summer, rainy and winter are 9.1, 6.9 and 12.9 Bq m−3 respectively. Considering the possible factors such as house characteristics (Volume, Surface area of building material, Leakage area, etc.), indoor-outdoor temperature difference and outdoor radon concentration into account, the indoor radon levels were predicted using the existing model which is based on the mass balance equation. The results are systematically analysed and discussed. The predicted values are compared with the measured values.
Image reject analysis and rejection causes in digital radiography at a university hospital through estimates of patient doses
Authors: Calatayud-Jordán José , Campayo-Esteban Juan Manuel , Gras-Miralles Pilar , Villaescusa-Blanca Juan Ignacio
Published: December 2023

The introduction of digital radiography has improved image acquisition. However, rejection of images remains a matter of concern. Reject analysis is part of the quality assurance program in radiology and helps identify potential errors or lack of training. A retrospective study was conducted at the radiology department of a university hospital. The reject rate was calculated both using the number of examinations, $r_n$, and the dose-area product, $r_d$. A reject rate $r_n$ of 3.3% for paediatric units and 4.5% for adults was found. The corresponding values of rd were 4.4 and 8.4%, respectively. The main rejection cause was patient motion, being 50.2% of rejected examinations in adults and 63.7% in children. The contribution of exposure errors was minor, as expected in digital radiography units. A discrepancy between reject rates $r_n$ and $r_d$ was observed, suggesting dosimetric quantities could be considered in reject analysis for further assessment of patient radiation burden.
Parental emotionality is related to preschool children’s neural responses to emotional faces
Authors: Xia Ruohan , Heise Megan J , Bowman Lindsay C
Published: December 2023

The ability to accurately decode others’ facial expressions is essential for successful social interaction. Previous theories suggest that aspects of parental emotionality—the frequency, persistence and intensity of parents’ own emotions—can influence children’s emotion perception. Through a combination of mechanisms, parental emotionality may shape how children’s brains specialize to respond to emotional expressions, but empirical data are lacking. The present study provides a direct empirical test of the relation between the intensity, persistence and frequency of parents’ own emotions and children’s neural responses to perceiving emotional expressions. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as typically developing 3- to 5-year-old children (final Ns = 59 and 50) passively viewed faces expressing different emotional valences (happy, angry and fearful) at full and reduced intensity (100% intense expression and 40% intense expression). We examined relations between parental emotionality and children’s mean amplitude ERP N170 and negative central responses. The findings demonstrate a clear relation between parental emotionality and children’s neural responses (in the N170 mean amplitude and latency) to emotional expressions and suggest that parents may influence children’s emotion-processing neural circuitry.
Effects of dietary supplementation of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and rumen bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period
Authors: Treon Emily , Sidney Taylor , Taiwo Godstime , Idowu Modoluwamu , Leal Yarahy , Ologunagba Deborah , Ogunade Ibukun M
Published: December 2023

We examined the effects of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and the ruminal bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period. Forty newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (221 ± 25.6 kg BW; 180 ± 17 d of age) were stratified by body weight (BW) into four pens (10 steers per pen) such that each pen had a similar average BW at the beginning of the experiment. The pens were randomly assigned to receive a corn silage basal diet (CON; n = 20) or the basal diet supplemented with 9 g/steer/d of PRO feed additive (PRO; n = 20). The PRO additive is a blend of S. cerevisiae and the fermentation products of Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, Lactobacillus animalis, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. The DMI and water consumed were monitored using the GrowSafe intake nodes and custom flow meters, respectively. BWs were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG). Before morning feeding, 10 mL of blood was taken from each steer on days 0–7, and thereafter weekly for analyses of immune cells, plasma glucose, and NEFAs. On day 56, rumen fluid samples (200 mL each) were collected from all the steers for microbiome analysis. Over the 56-d receiving period, the supplemental PRO had no effects on DMI, water intake, or ADG. However, compared to CON, beef steers fed supplemental PRO tended to have greater ADG (P = 0.08) and BW (P = 0.07) during the first 14 d of the study. There was a treatment × day interaction (P ≤ 0.05) for WBC, neutrophils and monocytes over the 56 d such that beef steers fed supplemental PRO had lower blood concentrations on certain days during the first 7 d after weaning, indicating reduced inflammation or stress response. The results of the rumen microbiome analysis revealed that the relative abundance of complex fiber degrading or obligate proton-reducing bacterial genera such as Bacteroides, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Desulfovibrio, Syntrophococcus, and Acetitomaculum were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in beef steers fed supplemental PRO compared to CON. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of PRO improved the growth performance, reduced stress or inflammatory response during the initial days after weaning, and altered the ruminal bacterial community toward increased relative abundance of bacterial genera associated with improved rumen function.
Synergetic association between coxsackievirus A16 genotype evolution and recombinant form shifts
Authors: Han Zhenzhi , Wang Fangming , Xiao Jinbo , Fu Hanhaoyu , Song Yang , Jiang Mingli , Lu Huanhuan , Li Jichen , Xu Yanpeng , Zhu Runan , Zhang Yong , Zhao Linqing
Published: December 2023

Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is a major pathogen that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). The recombination form (RF) shifts and global transmission dynamics of CVA16 remain unknown. In this retrospective study, global sequences of CVA16 were retrieved from the GenBank database and analyzed using comprehensive phylogenetic inference, RF surveys, and population structure. A total of 1,663 sequences were collected, forming a 442-sequences dataset for VP1 coding region analysis and a 345-sequences dataset for RF identification. Based on the VP1 coding region used for serotyping, three genotypes (A, B, and D), two subgenotypes of genotype B (B1 and B2), and three clusters of subgenotype B1 (B1a, B1b, and B1c) were identified. Cluster B1b has dominated the global epidemics, B2 disappeared in 2000, and D is an emerging genotype dating back to August 2002. Globally, four oscillation phases of CVA16 evolution, with a peak in 2013, and three migration pathways were identified. Europe, China, and Japan have served as the seeds for the global transmission of CVA16. Based on the 3D coding region of the RFs, five clusters of RFs (RF-A to -E) were identified. The shift in RFs from RF-B and RF-C to RF-D was accompanied by a change in genotype from B2 to B1a and B1c and then to B1b. In conclusion, the evolution and population dynamics of CVA16, especially the coevolution of 3D and VP1 genes, revealed that genotype evolution and RF replacement were synergistic rather than stochastic.
Computational host range prediction—The good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Howell Abigail A , Versoza Cyril J , Pfeifer Susanne P
Published: December 2023

The rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance across the globe have prompted the usage of bacteriophages (i.e. viruses that infect bacteria) in a variety of applications ranging from agriculture to biotechnology and medicine. In order to effectively guide the application of bacteriophages in these multifaceted areas, information about their host ranges—that is the bacterial strains or species that a bacteriophage can successfully infect and kill—is essential. Utilizing sixteen broad-spectrum (polyvalent) bacteriophages with experimentally validated host ranges, we here benchmark the performance of eleven recently developed computational host range prediction tools that provide a promising and highly scalable supplement to traditional, but laborious, experimental procedures. We show that machine- and deep-learning approaches offer the highest levels of accuracy and precision—however, their predominant predictions at the species- or genus-level render them ill-suited for applications outside of an ecosystems metagenomics framework. In contrast, only moderate sensitivity (<80 per cent) could be reached at the strain-level, albeit at low levels of precision (<40 per cent). Taken together, these limitations demonstrate that there remains room for improvement in the active scientific field of in silico host prediction to combat the challenge of guiding experimental designs to identify the most promising bacteriophage candidates for any given application.
Karyotype stasis but species-specific repetitive DNA patterns in Anguis lizards (Squamata: Anguidae), in the evolutionary framework of Anguiformes
Authors: Altmanová Marie , Doležálková-Kaštánková Marie , Jablonski Daniel , Strachinis Ilias , Vergilov Vladislav , Vacheva Emiliya , Iannucci Alessio , Choleva Lukáš , Ráb Petr , Moravec Jiří , Gvoždík Václav
Published: December 2023

Karyotype divergence may strongly affect the degree of hybridization between species. Western Palearctic slow worms (Anguis) are legless lizards forming different types of secondary contact zones. To identify the level of chromosomal variation in slow worms, we examined karyotype in multiple populations of all species except one and Pseudopus apodus as an outgroup. We applied conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods and whole-chromosome painting using macrochromosome probes from Varanus komodoensis to interpret results within the evolutionary framework of the common clade Anguiformes. All Anguis species and P. apodus have conserved karyotype structures composed of 44 chromosomes. Despite the conserved chromosome morphology, the phylogenetically oldest Anguis cephallonica living in partial sympatry with Anguis graeca, and parapatric Anguis colchica vs. Anguis fragilis exhibit distinct patterns of constitutive heterochromatin distribution and telomeric repeat accumulation. In contrast, the sister species A. colchica and A. graeca living in allopatry display highly similar karyotype features. Our findings thus indicate karyotype stasis in Anguis and Pseudopus for > 20 Myr, with fixed species-specific differences present in sympatric and parapatric species. These differences in repetitive DNA patterns may play a role as intrinsic factors co-maintaining species divergence. They may also be used as cytotaxonomic markers to identify slow worm species in practice.
Effect of air–liquid interface on cultured human intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Sabapaty Akanksha , Lin Po‐Yu , Dunn James C. Y.
Published: December 2023

The intestinal epithelium is a dynamic barrier that allows the selective exchange of ions, hormones, proteins, and nutrients. To accomplish this, the intestinal epithelium adopts a highly columnar morphology which is partially lost in submerged culturing systems. To achieve this, small intestinal tissue samples were utilized to obtain human intestinal crypts to form enteroids. The Transwell system was subsequently employed to form a monolayer of cells that was cultured in either the submerged condition or the air–liquid Interface (ALI) condition. We found that the human intestinal monolayer under the ALI condition exhibited morphology more similar to the normal intestinal epithelium. F‐actin localization and brush border formation were observed apically, and the integrity of the tight junctions was preserved in the ALI condition. Fewer apoptotic cells were observed in the ALI conditions as compared to the submerged conditions. The monolayer of cells expressed a higher level of secretory cell lineage genes in the ALI condition. The ALI condition positively contributes toward a more differentiated phenotype of epithelial cells. It serves as an amplifier that enhances the existing differentiation cue. The ALI system provides a more differentiated platform to study intestinal function compared to submerged conditions.
Long-term outcome of occupational asthma with different etiology
Authors: Suojalehto Hille , Lindström Irmeli
Published: December 2023

Purpose of review

This review summarizes the recent literature on the long-term outcome of sensitizer-induced and irritant-induced occupational asthma.

Recent findings

Recent studies of sensitizer-induced occupational asthma show that after the offending exposure has ceased, most patients report at least partial relief of symptoms. However, in the long term, the diagnosis may negatively impact their careers, incomes, and quality of life. The studies also offer new insights into diisocyanate-induced occupational asthma phenotypes and asthma remission rates. One third of these cases were in remission in long-term after reduction or cessation of exposure. The long-term prognosis of irritant-induced occupational asthma was demonstrated to be poorer than sensitizer-induced occupational asthma. Older age, low fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels and uncontrolled asthma at the time of diagnosis predicted uncontrolled asthma in the long term in patients with irritant and low-molecular-weight sensitizer induced occupational asthma.

Recent studies provide further evidence of the long-term outcome of different occupational asthma phenotypes and the factors that affect them. These findings help us identify patients at risk of poor asthma outcomes, who need close monitoring and support. It should also be borne in mind that occupational asthma diagnosis may have wider-ranging negative impacts on patients’ lives.
An Evidence Map for Social and Structural Determinants for Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Neerland Carrie , Slaughter-Acey Jaime , Behrens Kathryn , Claussen Amy M. , Usset Timothy , Bilal-Roby Sameerah , Bashir Huda , Westby Andrea , Wagner Brittin , McAlpine Donna , Dixon Melanie , Xiao Mengli , Avila Damaris , Butler Mary
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE:

To identify the social–structural determinants of health risk factors associated with maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States during the prenatal and postpartum periods.

DATA SOURCES:

We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Social Sciences Citation Index through November 2022 for eligible studies that examined exposures related to social and structural determinants of health and at least one health or health care–related outcome for pregnant and birthing people.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:

After screening 8,378 unique references, 118 studies met inclusion criteria.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:

We grouped studies by social and structural determinants of health domains and maternal outcomes. We used alluvial graphs to summarize results and provide additional descriptions of direction of association between potential risk exposures and outcomes. Studies broadly covered risk factors including identity and discrimination, socioeconomic, violence, trauma, psychological stress, structural or institutional, rural or urban, environment, comorbidities, hospital, and health care use. However, these risk factors represent only a subset of potential social and structural determinants of interest. We found an unexpectedly large volume of research on violence and trauma relative to other potential exposures of interest. Outcome domains included maternal mortality, severe maternal morbidity, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, cardiac and metabolic disorders, weathering depression, other mental health or substance use disorders, and cost per health care use outcomes. Patterns between risk factors and outcomes were highly mixed. Depression and other mental health outcomes represented a large proportion of medical outcomes. Risk of bias was high, and rarely did studies report the excess risk attributable to a specific exposure.

CONCLUSION:

Limited depth and quality of available research within each risk factor hindered our ability to understand underlying pathways, including risk factor interdependence. Although recently published literature showed a definite trend toward improved rigor, future research should emphasize techniques that improve the ability to estimate causal effects. In the longer term, the field could advance through data sets designed to fully ascertain data required to robustly examine racism and other social and structural determinants of health, their intersections, and feedback loops with other biological and medical risk factors.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:

PROSPERO, CRD42022300617.