bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genesis and clinical significance of the symptom of strabismus in the acute period of delirium tremens
Authors: Linskiy Igor , Kuzminov Valerii , Zadorozhnyi Volodymyr , Shulga Olena
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the work was to find out the patterns of the appearance of the strabismus symptom, to determine its pathogenetic moments and to establish its significance for the clinical manifestations of delirium tremens (DT). 647 men aged 22 to 70 were treated. 83 patients were diagnosed with alcohol withdrawal with somatic-vegetative disorders (diagnosis code according to ICD-10 F10.3). The clinical manifestations of 205 patients corresponded to the manifestations of “classic” DT (F10.4). In 359 people, clinical symptoms were interpreted as different variants of severe DT (F10.43). 2 observation groups were formed. Group 1: patients with DT, who developed strabismus during the acute period of the disease (65 people). Strabismus with abnormal position and movements of the eyeballs in the horizontal plane (convergent or divergent strabismus) was mostly observed. Group 2: patients with DT, in whom the symptom of strabismus was not observed (582 people). The DRS R-98 — Delirium Rating Scale — Revised — 98 scale and its subscales were used to characterize the clinical manifestations of DT. Scales for assessing the duration of the period of mental disorders, the expressiveness of nystagmus, the size of the pupils of the eyeballs, anisocoria, convulsive manifestations, the state of muscle tone, and the expressiveness of the manifestations of alcoholic polyneuropathy were also used. The frequency of occurrence of somatic complications and the survival rate of patients were evaluated. It was established that the appearance of strabismus in the neurological status of patients with DT does not significantly worsen the clinical course of the disease and reduce survival. This is possible when there is no damage to the nuclei and supranuclear formations of the group of oculomotor nerves in the brain stem and hemispheres, and the violation of the physiological functions of these nerves occurs due to peripheral mechanisms. There are reasons to believe that eyeball muscle damage in people with DT is the cause of oculomotor disorders and the manifestation of strabismus. In this case, the symptom of strabismus in patients with DT is not accompanied by the formation of an additional focus in the brain and does not reflect the conditions for the transformation of the disease into acute alcoholic encephalopathy. The appearance of strabismus correlates with a significant increase in the risk of developing hospital-acquired pneumonia in the acute period of DT.
Key words: delirium tremens, acute development of the symptom of strabismus, correlations of strabismus with psychopathological and somatic manifestations of delirium tremens
Komunikasi dalam Organisasi: Dinamika Interaksi dan Pengambilan Keputusan
Authors: Shalahuddin Muhammad Abdurrahman , Nurhaliza Siti Regita
Published: July 2024

Setiap adanya organisasi, tentu saja hal utama yang diperlukan adalah sebuah komunikasi, Komunikasi dalam organisasi merupakan elemen penting untuk segala aspek operasional. Komunikasi dalam organisasi bukan hanya berguna dalam menyampaikan informasi dan koordinasi, namun juga sebagai penguatan hubungan anggota organisasi satu sama lain. Efektifnya komunikasi mencakup banyak aspek; kejelasan, keterbukaan, dan umpan balik yang konstruktif. Dalam konteks pengambilan keputusan, komunikasi memerlukan pertukaran informasi yang lancar dan kolaborasi antara semua pihak yang terlibat dikarenakan keputusan yang diambil harus didasarkan pada informasi yang akurat dan relevan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana dinamika komunikasi dalam organisasi mempengaruhi interaksi antara para pemimpin dan anggota staf serta bagaimana hal ini mempengaruhi proses pengambilan keputusan. Studi ini menggunakan cara metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Peneliti memilih  pendekatan studi literatur karena memungkinkan peneliti untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis informasi dari berbagai sumber yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa komunikasi yang efektif, yang mencakup kejelasan, keterbukaan, dan umpan balik konstruktif, dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan, kepercayaan, dan kolaborasi dalam tim, yang pada akhirnya berkontribusi pada pengambilan keputusan yang lebih baik dan pencapaian tujuan organisasi??.
MEMPERKUAT KESADARAN BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA MELALUI PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Ilham Annisa Puteri , Triwardani Dinda Mustika , Adilla Putri , Hudi Ilham
Published: July 2024

Citizenship education is an important subject that shapes character and increases students' understanding of the country and citizenship. The aim of this subject is to foster a sense of love for the homeland, increase national and state awareness and develop students' abilities so they can participate actively in social life. In an increasingly advanced digital era, the use of technology in citizenship education can be an effective way to increase students' knowledge of citizenship. The use of technology in civic education learning activities can facilitate and make the material more interesting for students, as well as increase student participation in the learning process. This is in line with the challenges of the times in an increasingly advanced digital era, where the integration of technology not only enriches teaching methods, but also allows for a learning experience that is more interactive and connected to existing social realities.
Effectiveness of ketogenic therapy in patients with obesity and diabetes: a narrative review
Authors: Pellegrini Paola , Lemasson Paola , Rastrelli Luca , D’Elia Maria
Published: July 2024

Over the past few decades, there has been a major increase in type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence, a long-term medical condition in which your body doesn't use insulin properly in most regions of the world. After adjusting for the impact of aging populations, diabetes prevalence in adults (85–95% T2D) almost doubled between 1980 and 2020 worldwide. Increases were more pronounced in low- and middle-income countries and in men compared to women. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a very low-calories ketogenic diet (VLCKD) as an effective nutritional approach for both TD2 and obesity. A ketogenic diet (KD) positively affects blood glucose levels, body weight, glycosylated hemoglobin, neurological disorders, and plasma lipid profiles. We combined ClinicalTrials.gov data and data from PubMed from 2020 to 2022. Only published papers that met the requirements of reporting clinical trials investigating an adult sample of T2D obese patients were included. The review shows the beneficial therapeutic value of a VLCKD in the management of T2D and long-term obesity and its capacity to help achieve disease remission. Evidence from the literature underlines the need to redefine guidelines to offer a dietary and low-carb option to combat insulin resistance (IR) and related diseases.
REDUCING POLLUTION WITH HYDROGEN FUEL IN DIESEL ENGINES
Authors: Ergashev Obidjon ,   Research Institute of Environment and Nature Conservation Technologies, Uzbekistan, Alimov Zikrilla ,   Research Institute of Environment and Nature Conservation Technologies, Uzbekistan
Published: July 2024

The integration of hydrogen fuel in a diesel engine has gained significant attention as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. This combination offers potential advantages such as reduced emissions of harmful pollutants and improved fuel efficiency. By introducing hydrogen into the combustion process of a diesel engine, the overall performance can be enhanced while addressing environmental concerns. This abstract explores the feasibility and benefits of using hydrogen fuel in diesel engines, highlighting its potential impact on sustainable transportation and the environment.
Pengaruh Lokus Kendali terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMP
Authors: Najela Dekantari  , Harry Soeprianto  , Nourma Pramestie Wulandari  , Ketut Sarjana
Published: July 2024

Kemampuan pemecahan masalah merupakan kemampuan siswa menggunakan proses berpikirnya dalam memecahkan masalah dengan mengumpulkan fakta, menganalisis informasi, menyusun berbagai solusi, dan memilih solusi yang paling efektif. Lokus kendali merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan memecahkan masalah siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lokus kendali terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 19 Mataram tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian ex-post facto. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 19 Mataram sebanyak 161 orang. Adapun sampel yang digunakan adalah siswa kelas VIII A sebanyak 32 siswa yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Instrumen pada penelitian ini menggunakan angket lokus kendali dan soal tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Uji statistik yang digunakan yaitu regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan lokus kendali terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa dengan kontribusi sebesar 36,2%
Sense-Remaking: Unpacking Ethical Judgment Change in a Business Ethics Course
Authors: Baïada-Hirèche Loréa , Garreau Lionel , Pasquero Jean
Published: July 2024

While business ethics (BE) courses have increasingly formed part of business school curricula, we still do not know much about how these courses can change students’ capacity to deal with ethical issues. Drawing on a sensemaking perspective, we conducted an action research study with 66 business professionals enrolled in an executive training program at a French university. The aim was to investigate the processes underlying ethical judgment (EJ) change through a BE course. Participants were invited to pick a significant ethical issue they had personally experienced at work. They were then asked to make sense of it, in writing, at the beginning and at the end of the course, 3 months later. In comparing pre-course and post-course judgments, we concluded that the structure and contents of the respondents’ initial judgment had indeed been modified. This change could be accounted for as the outcome of four ‘sense-remaking’ mechanisms, which we theorize as complexifying, reprioritizing, conceptualizing and contextualizing. Our study contributes to the literature on BE education by demonstrating the benefits of a sensemaking approach. It also offers an original process-based model of EJ, specifying the mechanisms at play in EJ change. Finally, it contributes to the field of sensemaking studies by introducing the concept of sense-remaking, shedding new light on the evolutive dimension of sensemaking.
Estrategias de enseñanzas para el mejoramiento de la lectoescritura en los niños
Authors: Peñata Rhenals Maria Isabel , Campo Peña Luis Eduardo , Garavito Campillo Erica
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo surge a raíz de una investigación, donde se encuentra que la escritura es una habilidad fundamental que se enseña en la etapa de primaria. En la primaria, los niños comienzan a aprender las bases de la escritura, como el reconocimiento de letras, la formación de palabras y la construcción de oraciones; este articulo aborda la temática de las estrategias de enseñanzas para mejorar la Lecto Escritura, temática que obtuvimos mediante la realización de una serie de trabajos que le eran requeridos en las practicas académicas que se realizan a partir del tercer semestre de la carrera. La lectura con la escritura son hitos fundamentales en el desarrollo cognitivo y académico de los niños, donde las adquisiciones de estas habilidades no sólo son notables para una educación formal exitosa, además, son la base para una participación en la sociedad. Tiene como objetivo Implementar estrategias de enseñanza para el mejoramiento de la Lectoescritura en los niños del grado primero de la Institución Paulo VI. está investigación es de tipo cualitativa, cuenta con una población de 36 niños donde se ha observado que muchos niños tienen problemas con la lectura y la escritura, desde la dificultad para decodificar palabras hasta incapacidad para comprender textos complejos. Así mismo, para abordar estos desafíos y garantizar que todos los niños tengan la oportunidad de alcanzar su máximo potencial de lectura y escritura, se deben identificar e implementar estrategias de enseñanza efectivas. Aplicar estas habilidades a su desarrollo académico y personal, con el objetivo de transformar la educación y beneficiar a las generaciones futuras, brindando a todos los niños las herramientas necesarias para alcanzar su máximo potencial en el ámbito de la lectura y la escritura.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOL, AND FLAVONOID CONTENT EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS MANGO SEEDS (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Anjani Ratna , Kasmawati Henny , Yamin  , Salamah Nina
Published: July 2024

Antioxidants can either stop or slow down the excessive oxidation of a compound. This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolite compounds, antioxidant activity, total flavonoid and phenolic levels, and the correlation between the levels of flavonoid and phenolic compounds in inhibiting free radicals. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method was used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Determination of total flavonoid levels using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the aluminum chloride method. The total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Based on the results of phytochemical screening, mango seed extract (Mangifera indica L.) contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, and tannins. The relationship between the antioxidant activity of the DPPH method and total flavonoid levels was 91.31%, respectively. The relationship between the antioxidant activity of the DPPH method and the total phenolic content was 99.64%.
Keywords: Mangifera indica L, secondary metabolites, antioxidant activity, DPPH, total flavonoids, total phenolics.
Correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and disease activity score using SDAI in established rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Rasool Tabe ,   Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, Siddiqui Afshan , Salman Salma , Parveen Tahira , Ghuman Faiza , Haseeb Iqra ,   Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan,   Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan,   Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan,   Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan,   Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Published: July 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder predominantly affecting joint structures leading to joint erosions, destruction of cartilage and frank deformities if not treated. However disease not confined to joint but also involves other organ systems. Objective. To determine the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and disease activity score using SDAI in established rheumatoid arthritis patients. Material and methods. This was an observational cross-sectional study, done at the Rheumatology Clinic/Medicine OPD of DOW University Hospital. Patients with ages between 18 to 70 years old, of any gender, diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis according to American College of Rheumatology criteria were included. Data of all patients who met the inclusion criteria were recorded in predesigned questionnaire, after informed consent. Data were analyzed by calculating median and mode for quantitative variables, frequency and percentages for qualitative variables. Correlations were tested using Pearson correlation test. P values <0.05 were considered significant throughout the study. Outcome. The sample included 64 patients, seven males and 57 females. Mean age was 43.22±11.58. Fifty eight patients (90.6%) were sero-positives while six were negative (9.4%). The Pearson r for the correlation between NLR and SDAI was 0.105 and sig (2 tailed) value was 0.409. The Pearson r was close to 0, meaning a weak relationship between NLR and SDAI. Cross tabulation of NLR and SDAI of patients, using Chi Square yield, proved to have statistically insignificant results (p value = 0.181). Conclusion. The study results revealed a weak correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and disease activity score using SDAI in established rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Estimating the prevalence of hypocalcemia in adults presenting with new-onset seizures: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bose Sharan ,   Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, India, Rajalakshmi K. V. , Anantha Kumar P. K. , Bhuvaneshwar  , Simon Jibin ,   Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, India,   Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, India,   Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, India,   Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, India
Published: July 2024

Background. Approximately 8% to 10% of the population will experience a seizure during their lifetime. Only about 2% to 3% of patients go on to develop epilepsy. Common metabolic causes include hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, etc. Hypocalcemia in particular is often implicated in neonates and younger children. The present study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of hypocalcemia in adults (>18 years of age) presenting with new onset seizures. Material and methods. Our study was a cross-sectional, prospective, observational study, conducted in patients aged more than 18 years of age of either sex who presented with at least 1 episode of acute (<24 hours) new onset seizures. A total of 72 patients were included in the study, who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Venous blood was collected in a red top plastic tube, containing no anticoagulants and used for laboratory testing. Results. During the study period, 72 patients with new-onset seizures were considered for the present study. The mean age of the study population was 44.73±12.45 years. The mean serum calcium level was 8.13±0.53 mg/dL. Serum calcium level less than 8.5 mg/dL was noted in 32 cases (44.44 %). A level in the normal range (8.5-10 mg/dl) was noted in 40 patients (55.56 %). A serum albumin level of less than 3 gm % was noted in 7 patients (9.72 %). The mean corrected serum calcium level was 8.23±0.71 mg/dL. Among 72 patients, a corrected serum calcium level of less than 8.5 mg/dL was noted in 31 cases. Thus, the prevalence of hypocalcemia in adults presenting with new-onset seizures was 43.05%. There was no significant difference noted for age and gender among hypocalcemic and normocalcemic cases (p>0.05). Conclusion. In patients presenting with new onset seizures, the prevalence of hypocalcemia was found to be 43%. Further studies are required to prove definite causality. However, we recommend checking serum calcium levels, along with the other electrolytes for all patients presenting with new onset seizures and correcting them as required.
Correlation of pregnancy duration with hemoglobin, Ret-He, IL-6, activin B, and hepcidin levels in healthy women
Authors: Nugraha Gilang ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia, Nasir Mohammad ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

Background and objectives. Hepcidin levels always change during pregnancy, resulting in changes in iron hemostasis. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between length of pregnancy and concentrations of hemoglobin, Ret-He, IL-6, activin B and hepcidin in normal pregnant women. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jagir Community Health Center. A total of 30 pregnant women were respondents. Hemoglobin and Ret-He levels were measured using a hematology analyzer. IL-6, activin B and hepcidin were measured using ELISA. Results. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the adherent and non-compliant groups in consuming iron supplements on hemoglobin levels (p=0.0042) and IL-6 (p=0.019), while there was no difference in Ret-He levels (p=0.151), activin B (p=0.854) and hepcidin (p=0.189). There was a correlation between gestational age and IL-6 (r=0.207; p=0.273), activin B (r=0.15; p=0.121) and hepcidin (r=0.096; p=0.614). However, there was a negative correlation with hemoglobin (r=0.483; p=0.007) and Ret-He (r=0.505; p=0.004). Conclusion. It was concluded that increasing gestational age will result in a decrease in hemoglobin levels and a decrease in body iron reserves. However, pregnant women who comply with iron supplementation have at least high hemoglobin levels and low IL-6 levels.
Associations between body mass index and hormonal receptor, HER2/neu receptor, as well as other clinical characteristics of breast cancer
Authors: Hadi Ahmed Qassim ,   Basrah Oncology Center, Basrah Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Basrah, Iraq, Aqabi Adil S. ,   Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2024

Background. Obesity is a growing problem in the world. Correlations have been found between increasing body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer (BC). BC has multiple predictive and prognostic factors like hormonal receptors, human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor, stage of the disease and grade. Obesity may be differentially related to the risk of different subtypes given the various potential mechanisms underlying its association with breast cancer. The study aims to analyze the association between BMI, BC histopathologic, ER, PR and HER2/neu receptors expression, tumor size axillary nodes involvement, metastasis and nuclear grade. Methods. A cross sectional study was conducted involving 256 cases with breast cancer. Oncology teaching hospital based BC cases had been interviewed and data collected regarding weight and height, estrogen and progesterone receptors status, human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor, stage of the disease, grade of tumor at time of diagnosis, and categorize the cases to pre and postmenopausal state and then subdivided according to body mass index (normal, overweight, obese) and compared between three groups. Results. Overweight/obese people showed a significant statistical effect with estrogen and progesterone receptors, positive p value = 0.026, 0.007 respectively, larger tumor size, p value =0.035, and more lymph node involvement, p-value=0.031 in post-menopausal women, while premenopausal cases did not show significant statistical effect regarding the above-mentioned variables. Body mass index difference did not show a significant statistical effect on human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor, metastasis at diagnosis, tumor grade in both pre and postmenopausal cases. Conclusion. Body mass index difference affects postmenopausal BC cases rather than premenopausal as overweight/obese cases presented with more estrogen and progesterone receptors positive, larger tumor size and more lymph node involvement.
Solving of boundary value problem of the theory of elasticity in displacements using conservation laws
Authors: Сенашов С.И. , Гомонова О.В.
Published: July 2024

Для уравнений линейной теории упругости в трехмерном случае построены новые законы сохранения. С их помощью впервые решена краевая задача в перемещениях в общем случае для произвольного тела конечных размеров. Решение получено в виде квадратур по внешней границе тела. Показано, что для решения этой задачи достаточно трех фиксированных гармонических функций.

New conservation laws are constructed for the equations of the linear theory of elasticity in the three-dimensional case. Using these laws, for the first time, a boundary value problem in displacements was solved in the general case for an arbitrary body of finite dimensions. The solution is obtained in quadratures along the outer boundary of the body. It is shown that three fixed harmonic functions are sufficient to solve considered problem.
The Effect of Soaking Coconut and Atonic Water as a Growth Regulatory Substances on the Growth of Patchouli Plant Cuttings (Pogostemon cablin Benth)
Authors: . Yuanita , Dwi Mentari F.Silvi , . Roby , . Daryono , Hidayat Nur , Rita Manullang Riama , . Faradilla , Mudi La , Abidin Zainal , Sarie Haryatie
Published: July 2024

Patchouli plants can be planted vegetatively, one of which is stem or branch cuttings. To multiply patchouli cuttings vegetatively, you can use coconut water and Atonik as natural growth regulators. Coconut water and Atonik are very easy to obtain and are used as natural growth regulators which can function as a plant growth booster, have harvest power, improve quality, increase plant yields, increase the photosynthesis process, increase protein synthesis and also increase the absorption of nutrients from within. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of providing appropriate growth regulators from coconut water and Atonik on the growth of patchouli plant cuttings. The place and time of this research was carried out at Los Shadows, Agronomy Laboratory, Plantation Plant Cultivation Study Program, Polytechnic Agricultural State Samarinda . This research was conducted for 4 months starting from November 2021 to February 2022. The method used was a Complete Random Treatment with 3 treatments, namely immersion using water for 10 minutes (P0), treatment using 1000 ml coconut water for 10 minutes (P1) , treatment using atonic 10 ml/ 990 ml water for 10 minutes (P2). The research results showed that the use of atonic growth regulator as a soaking agent intreatment P2 with a dose of 10 ml with a mixture of 990 ml of water and a soaking time of 10 minutes showed the success of cuttings with a greater number of shoots and roots compa.red to treatments P0 and P1. The P2 treatment showed the highest average number of shoots and roots with immersion in theatonic growth regulator with an average growth of 3.4 shoots in the first month and 8.5 in the second month, as well as an average number of roots of 9.2. beginning of planting until the end of the research. The results of the research showed that the use of the atonic soaking agent in the P2 treatment with a dose of 10 ml with a mixture of 990 ml of water and a soaking time of 10 minutes showed the success of cuttings with a greater number of shoots and roots. compared to treatments P0 and P1. The P2 treatment with atonic growth regulator soaking showed the highest average number of shoots, namely 3.4 shoots in month 1 and 8.5 shoots in month 2, 12.0 shoots. Meanwhile, the number of root was 10.4 in month 3 land.
TESS Giants Transiting Giants. VI. Newly Discovered Hot Jupiters Provide Evidence for Efficient Obliquity Damping after the Main Sequence
Authors: Saunders Nicholas , Grunblatt Samuel K. , Chontos Ashley , Dai Fei , Huber Daniel , Zhang 张 Jingwen 婧雯 , Stefánsson Guđmundur , van Saders Jennifer L. , Winn Joshua N. , Hey Daniel , Howard Andrew W. , Fulton Benjamin , Isaacson Howard , Beard Corey , Giacalone Steven , Van Zandt Judah , Murphey Joseph M. Akana , Rice Malena , Blunt Sarah , Turtelboom Emma , Dalba Paul A. , Lubin Jack , Brinkman Casey , Louden Emma M. , Page Emma , Watkins Cristilyn N. , Collins Karen A. , Stockdale Chris , Tan Thiam-Guan , Schwarz Richard P. , Massey Bob , Howell Steve B. , Vanderburg Andrew , Ricker George R. , Jenkins Jon M. , Seager Sara , Christiansen Jessie L. , Daylan Tansu , Falk Ben , Brodheim Max , Gibson Steven R. , Hill Grant M. , Holden Bradford , Householder Aaron , Kaye Stephen , Laher Russ R. , Lanclos Kyle , Petigura Erik A. , Roy Arpita , Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Schwab Christian , Shaum Abby P. , Sirk Martin M. , Smith Christopher L. , Walawender Josh , Yeh Sherry
Published: July 2024

The degree of alignment between a star’s spin axis and the orbital plane of its planets (the stellar obliquity) is related to interesting and poorly understood processes that occur during planet formation and evolution. Hot Jupiters orbiting hot stars (≳6250 K) display a wide range of obliquities, while similar planets orbiting cool stars are preferentially aligned. Tidal dissipation is expected to be more rapid in stars with thick convective envelopes, potentially explaining this trend. Evolved stars provide an opportunity to test the damping hypothesis, particularly stars that were hot on the main sequence and have since cooled and developed deep convective envelopes. We present the first systematic study of the obliquities of hot Jupiters orbiting subgiants that recently developed convective envelopes using Rossiter–McLaughlin observations. Our sample includes two newly discovered systems in the Giants Transiting Giants survey (TOI-6029 b, TOI-4379 b). We find that the orbits of hot Jupiters orbiting subgiants that have cooled below ∼6250 K are aligned or nearly aligned with the spin axis of their host stars, indicating rapid tidal realignment after the emergence of a stellar convective envelope. We place an upper limit for the timescale of realignment for hot Jupiters orbiting subgiants at ∼500 Myr. Comparison with a simplified tidal evolution model shows that obliquity damping needs to be ∼4 orders of magnitude more efficient than orbital period decay to damp the obliquity without destroying the planet, which is consistent with recent predictions for tidal dissipation from inertial waves excited by hot Jupiters on misaligned orbits.
Instability of Circumnuclear Gas Supply as an Origin of the “Changing-look” Phenomenon of Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Wang J. , Xu D. W. , Cao Xinwu , Gao C. , Xie C. H. , Wei J. Y.
Published: July 2024

The origin of the “changing-look” (CL) phenomenon in supermassive black holes (SMBHs) remains an open issue. This study aims to shed light on this phenomenon by focusing on a sample that encompasses all known repeating CL active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Through the identification of a characteristic timescale for the CL phenomenon, it was observed that larger SMBHs possess shorter characteristic timescales, while smaller SMBHs exhibit longer timescales. These findings reveal a significant contrast to the traditional AGN variability that has been adequately explained by the AGN’s disk instability model. This stark discrepancy highlights a distinct origin of the CL phenomenon, distinguishing it from traditional AGN variability. By properly predicting the characteristic timescale and its dependence on SMBH mass, we propose that the CL phenomenon is likely a result of a variation in accretion rate caused by a sudden change in the supply of circumnuclear gas during the transition between active and passive SMBH fueling stages.
Sensitive 3 mm Imaging of Discrete Sources in the Fields of Thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect–Selected Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Dicker Simon R. , Sarmiento Karen Perez , Mason Brian , Bhandarkar Tanay , Devlin Mark J. , Di Mascolo Luca , Haridas Saianeesh , Hilton Matt , Madhavacheril Mathew , Moravec Emily , Mroczkowski Tony , Orlowski-Scherer John , Romero Charles , Sarazin Craig L. , Sievers Jonathan
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present the results of a blind survey for compact sources in 243 Galaxy clusters that were identified using the thermal Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (tSZ). The survey was carried out at 90 GHz using MUSTANG2 on the Green Bank Telescope and achieved a 5σ detection limit of 1 mJy in the center of each cluster. We detected 24 discrete sources. The majority (18) of these correspond to known radio sources, and of these, five show signs of significant variability, either with time or in spectral index. The remaining sources have no clear counterparts at other wavelengths. Searches for galaxy clusters via the tSZ strongly rely on observations at 90 GHz, and the sources found have the potential to bias mass estimates of clusters. We compare our results to the Websky simulation that can be used to estimate the source contamination in galaxy cluster catalogs. While the simulation shows a good match to our observations at the clusters’ centers, it does not match our source distribution further out. Sources over 104″ from a cluster’s center bias the tSZ signal high, for some of the sources found, by over 50%. When averaged over the whole cluster population, the effect is smaller but still at a level of 1%–2%. We also discovered that unlike previous measurements and simulations, we see an enhancement of source counts in the outer regions of the clusters and fewer sources than expected in the centers of this tSZ-selected sample.
Structure and Kinematics of Star-forming Elliptical Galaxies in SDSS-MaNGA
Authors: Biswas Pralay , Wadadekar Yogesh
Published: July 2024

Using “spatially” resolved spectroscopy, we investigated the characteristics and different modes of formation of stars in elliptical galaxies. We identified an unusual population of 59 star-forming elliptical (SF-E) galaxies in SDSS-MaNGA, our primary sample. To identify these rare star-forming ellipticals, we combined GSWLC-A2 containing outputs of stellar population synthesis models with morphological results from the deep-learning catalog and resolved and integrated properties from the MaNGA Pipe3D value-added catalog. We have also constructed two control samples of star-forming spirals (SF-Sps; 2419 galaxies) and quenched ellipticals (Q-Es; 684 galaxies) to compare with our primary sample of SF-Es. Hα emission line flux of SF-Es is similar to spiral galaxies. The D4000 spectral index indicates that SF-Es have a mixture of old and young stellar populations. Mass-weighted stellar age and metallicity for the SF-Es are lower than the Q-Es and 67% of stellar- and gas-velocity maps of the primary sample show signs of kinematic disturbance. All of these indicate that SF-Es have acquired metal-poor gas through recent mergers or interactions with other galaxies and are forming a new generation of stars. Further, we subdivide our primary sample of SF-Es into four classes based on their bulge to total luminosity ratio (B/T) and spin parameter

λ

re

. These four classes have their distinct evolutionary history and modes of formation. Based on these results, we suggest that the Hubble diagram does not accurately capture galaxy evolution processes, and we need a revised morphology diagram like the comb morphology diagram to get a complete picture of the galaxy evolution processes.
Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Remote Sensing of Porosity, Density, and Cubicity of Crystalline and Amorphous H2O Ices in Astrophysical Environments
Authors: Tonauer Christina M. , Köck Eva-Maria , Henn Raphael , Stern Josef N. , del Rosso Leonardo , Celli Milva , Kappacher Christoph , Leiter Sophia , Kirchler Christian G. , Huck Christian W. , Loerting Thomas
Published: July 2024

We present laboratory spectra of pure amorphous and crystalline H2O ices in the near-infrared (NIR, 1–2.5 μm/10,000–4000 cm−1) at 80–180 K. The aim of this study is to provide spectroscopic reference data that allow remotely accessing ice properties for icy objects such as icy moons, cometary ice, or Saturn rings. Specifically, we identify new spectral markers for assessing three important properties of ices in space: (i) porosity/fluffiness, (ii) bulk density of amorphous ice, and (iii) cubicity in crystalline ice. The analysis is based on the first OH-stretching overtone (2ν
OH) and the combinational band at 5000 cm−1/2 μm, which are potent spectral markers for these properties. By comparison of vapor-deposited, microporous amorphous solid water, pore-free low-, high-, and very-high-density amorphous ice, we are able to separate the effect of (bulk) density from the effect of porosity on NIR-spectra of amorphous ices. This allows for clarifying a longstanding inconsistency about the density of amorphous ice vapor-deposited at low temperatures, first brought up by Jenniskens & Blake. Direct comparison of NIR spectra with powder X-ray diffractograms allows us to correlate spectral features with the number of cubic stacking layers in stacking-disordered ice Isd, ranging from fully cubic ice Ic to fully hexagonal ice Ih. We show that exposure times for instruments on the James Webb Space Telescope are in the hour range to distinguish these properties, demonstrating the usefulness of the neglected NIR spectral range for identifying ices in space.
The AstroSat UV Deep Field North: The IRX–β Relation for the UV-selected Galaxies at z ∼ 0.5−0.7
Authors: Mondal Chayan , Saha Kanak
Published: July 2024

The relation between the observed UV continuum slope (β) and the infrared excess (IRX) is used as a powerful probe to understand the nature of dust attenuation law in high-redshift galaxies. We present a study of 83 UV-selected galaxies between a redshift of 0.5 and 0.7 from the AstroSat UV Deep Field north that encloses the GOODS-North field. Using empirical relation, we estimate the observed IRX of 52 galaxies that are detected in either one or both of the Herschel PACS 100 and 160 μm bands. We further utilize the multiband photometric data in 14–18 filters from the Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope, KPNO, Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer, and Herschel telescopes to perform spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling. Both the observed and model-derived IRX–β values show a large scatter within the span of previously known relations, signifying diversity in dust attenuation. We found a distinct relation between the best-fit power-law slope of the modified Calzetti relation (δ) in the IRX–β plane, where the steeper SMC-like attenuation law prefers lower δ values. Our SED model-based IRX–β relation shows a preference for steeper SMC-like attenuation, which we further confirm from the agreement between extinction-corrected star formation rates derived using the Hα emission line and the observed far-ultraviolet plus reprocessed far-IR fluxes. The current study reveals a strong positive correlation between IRX and the galaxy's stellar mass between 109.5 and 1011.0
M
⊙, signifying increased dust production in more massive star-forming galaxies.
Evidence of Continuous Reconnection along a Helmet Streamer Current Sheet Observed by WISPR on Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Liewer Paulett C. , Gallagher Brendan M. , Stenborg Guillermo , Linton Mark G. , Qiu Jiong , Vourlidas Angelos , Ascione Madison L. , Velli Marco
Published: July 2024

Parker Solar Probe's second solar encounter from 2019 March 30 to April 11 occurred during a period when the corona had a simple magnetic structure and relatively flat heliospheric current sheet (HCS), which was in the field of view of the Wide-field Imager for Solar Probe (WISPR) throughout. The images show an almost continual flow of transient density enhancements (streamer blobs) of various sizes near the latitude of the HCS during the entire 11 day encounter period. The high resolution and sensitivity of WISPR reveal the structure of some of the individual blobs not seen in observations from 1 au. Many of the blobs show dark central cores, suggesting that they are magnetic flux ropes. The 3D trajectories and sizes of four representative streamer blobs have been determined using the tracking and fitting technique of Liewer et al. (2020). Comparison of the location of these blobs with synoptic white-light maps for this time period, created using data from the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (Brueckner et al. 1995) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, confirms that the blobs are at the location of the helmet streamer associated with the HCS. The blobs were observed in the region beyond 15 R
☉. The continual flow of blobs, the confirmation of their location at the HCS, and their flux-rope-like appearance provide strong evidence that the process of reconnection across the current sheet dominates the slow wind near the HCS.
Characterization of rural small-scale rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in Mexico
Authors: García-Mondragón David , Gallego-Alarcón Iván , García Pulido Daury , Fonseca Carlos R. , Cervantes-Zepeda Iván
Published: July 2024

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) production has developed rapidly, particularly in the highlands of central Mexico. The objective of this study was to characterize rainbow trout production systems based on factor and cluster analysis. Data were collected for 21 variables from 71 trout production units (TPU) through semi-structured interviews. Four groups were obtained. Group 1: rural entrepreneurs, and Group 3: organized family TPU, are business-oriented operations developed with government support schemes with incorporated internal procedures enabling higher production and sales either to wholesalers or final consumers as fresh trout. These groups have the potential to scale up their operations. Group 2: small-scale family TPU, and Group 4: small-scale artisan TPU, are less organized, based on family labor, have lower yields, and sell their products at the farm gate or to small restaurants. These groups represent the role of aquaculture for social development in rural areas. Public policies, government support schemes, growth of markets, and high demand for trout have favored all four groups. Based on the results, development strategies and applied research must be directed differentially to each group of rainbow trout producers.
Using the nematode Panagrolaimus sp. in larval rearing of longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana: preliminary results
Authors: Mercier Laurence , Guzmán de las Nieves Itzi Y. , Seychelles Laurent H. , Contreras-Olguín Mauricio , Dumas Silvie
Published: July 2024

The potential of Panagrolaimus sp. nematode as a live prey was assessed in longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana larval rearing. Larvae were reared from 3-11 days post-hatching (dph) in a 2000 L tank and fed on copepods and rotifers. On 12 dph, larvae were transferred to eight 200 L tanks at a density of 12 larvae L-1 to start the feeding trial, consisting of two treatments (Artemia or nematodes) using four replicates each. Rotifers were offered on 12 dph with a "co-feeding" from 14 to 16 dph (rotifer/enriched Artemia or rotifer/nematode). Only Artemia or nematodes were supplied from 17 to 19 dph. Feeding incidence was 80-90% on 14 dph, but more larvae were capturing rotifers than Artemia or nematodes. Artemia consumption increased more than nematodes at 19 dph, though it was not significantly different. Significantly lower enterocyte and villus heights in the posterior intestine were observed at 19 dph in larvae fed on nematodes but only in enterocyte height in the anterior one. No significant differences were observed between treatments in total larval length and body depth on 16 dph, but a significantly higher total length in the nematode one was present on 19 dph. A significantly higher survival was observed in treatment Artemia compared to nematodes. These preliminary results showed a lower nutritional condition in larvae fed nematodes; however, technical improvements need to be performed to increase Panagrolaimus sp. availability to larvae in the water column.
Anisandrus bolavenensis sp. nov. (Col.: Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini), a new ambrosia beetle from Laos
Authors: Sittichaya Wisut , Smith Sarah
Published: July 2024

The ambrosia beetle genus Anisandrus Ferrari, 1867, is a member of the bark and ambrosia beetle subfamily Scolytinae, Tribe Xyleborini. Currently, it is comprised of 40 species of which four species were recorded in Laos.

A new species, Anisandrus bolavenensis sp. nov. is described from the Bolaven Plateau in southern Laos. With the inclusion of the species described and recorded here, the diversity of Anisandrus is increased to 41 species, of which five occur in Laos. New distribution records, a synoptic list and a key to the Anisandrus of Laos PDR are presented.
La dissuasion chinoise : semer l’incertitude militaire et renforcer la certitude politique
Authors: Jourdan Philippe , Pacitto Jean-Claude
Published: July 2024

Résumé La dissuasion chinoise repose sur deux axes principaux : semer l'incertitude militaire et renforcer la certitude politique. Face aux tensions croissantes avec les États-Unis autour de Taïwan et en mer de Chine, la Chine renforce ses capacités militaires, inquiétant les nations voisines et occidentales. Les experts estiment qu'un conflit sino-américain est probable, bien que non inévitable. La Chine, sous Xi Jinping, affirme sa volonté de réunification avec Taïwan, n'excluant pas l'usage de la force militaire. La stratégie chinoise mélange transparence sur certaines capacités militaires et discrétion sur d'autres, rendant difficile une évaluation précise de sa puissance. Cette ambiguïté stratégique vise à dissuader toute intervention étrangère en cas de conflit. La montée en puissance militaire chinoise, notamment navale, et sa volonté de rivaliser technologiquement avec les États-Unis accentuent les inquiétudes américaines et soulignent un changement majeur dans l'équilibre des forces mondiales.
Heath and Trust in the Digital Age
Authors: Piana Daniela
Published: July 2024

La robotique et la réalité augmentée transforment rapidement un large éventail de services et de politiques répondant aux besoins des personnes dans le monde entier. Dans l’ensemble, l’intelligence humaine et artificielle a modifié les organisations complexes et créé de nouvelles fenêtres pour un nouveau professionnalisme et de nouvelles méthodes pour faire les choses et résoudre des problèmes complexes. Il est communément admis que l’Union européenne accorde la priorité à la fiabilité de l’interaction entre l’humain et l’artificiel au sein de la société numérique et de la gouvernance augmentée. Cette exigence est mise en pratique dans la frontière actuelle où les acteurs privés, les parties prenantes et les dirigeants sont appelés à une action collaborative, multilatérale et à long terme. Les conséquences de cette transformation dans les formes de l’action sociale, organisationnelle et institutionnelle et les conditions de rationalité appliquées aux décisions des experts et des citoyens ouvrent une brèche qu’il convient d’explorer de manière interdisciplinaire. Dans cet espace, que nous appelons l’acte d’intelligence sociale. L’intelligence sociale est formée par ce qui émerge au niveau méso-interactionnel, qui caractérise les secteurs et les sous-systèmes des politiques publiques. Elle combine des formes de valeurs et d’orientation éthique avec des compétences et des aptitudes méthodologiques sur le savoir-faire et avec des états de conscience, c’est-à-dire la capacité de créer une action significative non seulement pour soi-même mais aussi pour les autres et ceux qui ne se trouvent pas dans la même unité spatio-temporelle que celle où l’action est réalisée.