bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin oil to valuable phenolics over Au/Nb2O5 in water
Authors: Dong Lin , Xin Yu , Liu Xiaohui , Guo Yong , Pao Chih-Wen , Chen Jeng-Lung , Wang Yanqin
Published: May 2019

A single-step catalytic process is presented for selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin oil to valuable phenolics over Au/Nb2O5 in water.
Adaptable sensor for employing fluorometric detection of methanol molecules: theoretical aspects and DNA binding studies
Authors: Saha Urmila , Dolai Malay , Suresh Kumar Gopinatha
Published: May 2019

The multifunctional ligand NO2-H2SALNN has been synthesized and employed for the selective fluorometric detection of methanol and its interaction with DNA.
Approaches for the isolation and identification of hydrophilic, light-sensitive, volatile and minor natural products
Authors: Berlinck Roberto G. S. , Monteiro Afif F. , Bertonha Ariane F. , Bernardi Darlon I. , Gubiani Juliana R. , Slivinski Juliano , Michaliski Lamonielli F. , Tonon Luciane A. C. , Venancio Victor A. , Freire Vitor F.
Published: May 2019

Water-soluble, volatile, minor and photosensitive natural products are yet poorly known, and this review discusses the literature reporting the isolation strategies for some of these metabolites.
The association between EGF A61G polymorphism and risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population: a case-control study
Authors: Zhu Xiaoying , Shen Yan , Xie Qigui
Published: May 2019

Epidermal Growth factor (EGF) could induce colorectal cancer (CRC) cell to develop epithelial mesenchymal-transition and enhance their ability to invade and migrate. Several studies have thrown light on the association between EGF gene polymorphism and risk of CRC, but with conflicting results. Therefore, we determined EGF A61G polymorphism by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 341 CRC cases and 472 controls in a Chinese population. Our results showed that EGF A61G polymorphism increased the risk of CRC in a Chinese population (GG vs AA: adjusted OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.27–2.91; P=0.002; GG+AG vs AA: adjusted OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.05–1.94; P=0.022; GG vs AG+AA: adjusted OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.15–2.39, P=0.007; G vs A: OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.14–1.69, P=0.001). Stratified analyses revealed that the significant association was more evident in the females, smokers, drinkers, and old subjects (age ≥60 years). Furthermore, the GG and/or AG genotype carriers were more likely to have larger tumor size and lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, EGF A61G polymorphism is a genetic contributor to CRC in a Chinese Han population.
Accurate single image super‐resolution using cascading dense connections
Authors: Wei Wei , Feng Guoqi , Zhang Qi , Cui Dongliang , Zhang Miao , Chen Feng
Published: May 2019

In recent years, deep learning methods, especially deep convolutional neural network, have been successfully applied to the single‐image super‐resolution (SISR) task. In this Letter, the authors propose an accurate SISR method by introducing cascading dense connections in a very deep network. In detail, they construct the cascading dense network (CDN) to fully make use of the hierarchical features from all the convolutional layers, which implements a cascading mechanism upon the dense connected convolutional layers. The cascading dense connection in the CDN enables short and long paths to be built directly from the output to each layer, alleviating the vanishing‐gradient problem of very deep networks. Extensive experiments show that CDN achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance on traditional metrics (PSNR and SSIM). Also, they introduce object recognition as the additional evaluation metric for SISR, which further demonstrates the effectiveness of the authors’ method.
Analysis of electrostatic and static magnetic field problems by advanced domain decomposition method
Authors: Xie Peng , Xu Li , Yin Jun‐hui , Yang Zhong‐hai , Li Bin
Published: May 2019

In this Letter, a finite element‐based domain decomposition method (DDM) with a novel transmission condition (TC) for the computation of electromagnetic or other kinds of fields by splitting the original large domain into several small non‐overlapping sub‐domains is proposed. The TC is derived from the definition of thermal contact resistance and is then imposed through an interior penalty formulation. The advantage of the proposed DDM is that no extra unknowns are introduced and the system matrix arising from the finite element method will be symmetric and positive definite. A Krylov subspace iterative method, preconditioned conjugate gradient, is adopted for the solution of the matrix equation. To verify the reliability and accuracy of the proposed DDM, both three‐dimensional electrostatic and static magnetic models are calculated. In some deeper sense, the proposed DDM can be widely used in other fields of computational electromagnetics.
Polarisation‐independent diffraction grating based on dielectric metasurface
Authors: Zhu Jia‐Cheng , Zhou Jian‐Kang , Shen Wei‐Min
Published: May 2019

Dielectric metasurfaces composed of arrays of subwavelength structures are capable of completely manipulating the phase, amplitude, and polarisation of light. In this Letter, a dielectric metasurface grating imitating the blazing behaviour of saw‐tooth gratings for imaging spectrometer is proposed. The authors present a method for designing the metasurface blazed grating by extending the effective medium theory to the two‐dimensional pattern. The designed metasurface blazed grating consists of periodical unit cells in both orthogonal directions and there contains seven sub‐periods within one unit cell. Duty cycles of each sub‐period in two orthogonal directions are independent, so that the effective index of both TE and TM polarisations can be manipulated simultaneously, and the grating's polarisation property can be optimised. Simulation results show that, for normal incident light, diffraction efficiencies of TE and TM polarisations at reference wavelength 0.7 μm are 79.2 and 79.3%, respectively. Within wavelength range from 0.6 to 0.8 μm, diffraction efficiencies are above 70% and the maximum degree of polarisation is 2.8%. It shows high efficiency and polarisation‐independent diffraction characteristics, and it may find various applications in optical frequencies, especially for quantitative imaging spectrometers.
Effective algorithm for fault discrimination and estimation of fault location in transmission lines
Authors: Gangolu Suryanarayana , Raja P. , Selvan M.P. , Murali Venkata Kirthiga
Published: May 2019

Sensitivity, selectivity, speed of operation and reliability of the conventional current differential protection schemes are affected and limited by the distributed shunt capacitance of high‐voltage long transmission lines. In this study, a new pilot protection algorithm has been proposed based on the computation of change in shunt line admittance ‘Y’ during dynamic conditions using synchronised data. Therefore, it does not require a separate compensating technique to nullify the effect of line charging current in the fault detection. This scheme can quickly discriminate the internal faults and also detects the faulty phase. Also, it has an advantage of estimation of an accurate fault location. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on 400 kV, 50 Hz two‐bus system as well as IEEE‐39 bus 345 kV system using EMTDC/PSCAD and MATLAB simulation tools. The simulation results confirm the proposed algorithm can effectively discriminate the faults, independent of fault location, fault resistance, type of fault, series compensation lines and source impedance. Finally, a hardware experiment using National Instruments (NI) based LabVIEW platform is carried out to check the practical feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
2D off‐grid DOA estimation using joint sparsity
Authors: Afkhaminia Fatemeh , Azghani Masoumeh
Published: May 2019

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is an essential task in the array signal processing. In this study, the authors attempt to address the off‐grid issue for the two‐dimensional (2D) DOA estimation of a uniform rectangular array. To this end, they would offer a modelling for the 2D off‐grid problem based on joint sparsity. Leveraging the block sparsity property, they propose an algorithm to jointly recover the DOAs as well as the off‐grids. Moreover, they discuss that the smaller grid intervals would result in higher mutual correlation of the steering matrix columns which leads to the poor performance of the DOA estimation technique. On the other hand, large grid intervals would intensify the off‐grid issue. Therefore, to establish a compromise, they suggest choosing a slightly large grid interval for the DOA estimation problem and solving the off‐grid issue using the joint sparsity property. The simulation results confirm that the proposed method has better DOA estimation accuracy. A great advantage of the suggested DOA estimation scheme is that it is a single snapshot technique which does not require knowing the number of signal sources beforehand. Moreover, they have observed that the suggested scheme is more robust against noise and the large number of source signals.
Fixed‐frequency hysteretic buck converter with novel adaptive window control and transient response improvement
Authors: Jia Meng , Sun Zhuochao , Siek Liter
Published: May 2019

This study presents a fixed‐frequency hysteretic buck converter designed and fabricated using 0.18‐µm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process. With a phase‐locked loop (PLL)‐based adaptive window control, the proposed buck converter can achieve a fixed switching frequency, and this frequency can be tuned within a certain range through a reference clock frequency. Concurrently, a novel auxiliary circuit is proposed to monitor the converter's output loading dynamics to reduce the converter's transient recovery time. It will also help to regulate the output voltage at the steady‐state operation as well. With the supply voltage ranging from 3 to 4.2 V and an output voltage of 1.8 V, the simulated switching frequency is maintained at 10 MHz because of the PLL control. The transient response time is only 0.3 and 0.4 µs for a 400 mA step‐up load and step‐down load, respectively.
Dora : des réponses freudiennes au transfert
Authors: Aurin Élise
Published: May 2019

La cure de Dora, avec ses multiples retournements dignes d’une « princesse de Clèves au bâillon infernal », est certainement la cure freudienne la plus commentée dans et par le monde psychanalytique. Cet article se propose pourtant d’en tenter encore une lecture, sous un angle bien particulier, et décalé aussi bien des enjeux métapsychologiques du cas que des spécificités de la position subjective ou de la psychopathologie de l’hystérie. Si cette lecture examine la dialectique de la cure, c’est cette fois moins ordonnée à partir du sujet Dora que des rectifications et déplacements dans les modes de construction et d’intervention de Freud. Il s’agit donc ici d’interroger chez l’analyste Freud le ou les statuts des interprétations formulées à l’analysante, en plusieurs moments précis de la cure : la mise en contraste de trois saynètes cliniques du cas révèle qu’ils ne sont pas homogènes, et représentent même trois aspects différents de ce qu’il faut dégager comme des modes de réponse, par l’analyste, au transfert.
Esquisse pour une psychopathologie selon l’ordre des raisons
Authors: Pirard Regnier
Published: May 2019

Cet article part de la doctrine freudienne et lacanienne pour tenter d’ordonner rationnellement le champ de la psychopathologie. L’auteur considère que celui-ci ne saurait se déployer sans cette référence décisive à la psychanalyse, qui dans sa pratique même ne peut ignorer une réflexion psychopathologique, même si elle prétend à juste titre aller au-delà. Dans ce but, l’auteur a laissé se dérouler un questionnement dans lequel l’opérateur théorique de la castration montre ses limites. L’ouverture du champ pulsionnel s’imposait, en même temps que s’avérait la nécessité de généraliser l’idée de conflit psychique. Pour élargir la problématique, l’auteur tire argument des travaux de L. Szondi et de J. Gagnepain. Mais le modèle qui convient pour penser la clinique adulte n’est pas transposable à l’enfance. Il a donc fallu préciser la spécificité de la clinique infantile et mesurer son impact transférentiel particulier. La méthode déductive ici mise en œuvre dans l’enchaînement théorique doit être considérée, non seulement comme le complément du recueil inductif des faits mais comme une interaction dialectique permanente. En l’occurrence, le résultat de celle-ci débouche sur un assouplissement des structures canoniques en psychopathologie, qui rejoint par un autre chemin le dépassement fait par Lacan de sa première approche structurale.
La psychanalyse dans la tourmente : des Brésiliens en témoignent
Authors: de Almeida Silvio , Alves Lima Rafael , Bulgarelli Lucas , Iaconelli Vera , Maurano Denise , de Melo Bastos Liana Albernaz , Oliveira Sousa Miriam , de Oliveira Prado , Quinet Antonio , Solano Gallego Esther
Published: May 2019

Des témoignages existent sur l’impact de l’ascension du fascisme sur la pratique de la psychanalyse et sur les réflexions des groupes d’intellectuels qui lui sont liés. Rarement ont-ils été si proches de la tourmente. Comment réagissent les psychanalystes dans leur clinique sous l’impact d’un discours de haine virulente ? Et ceux-là même qui sont pointés par ce discours, les « nègres », les homosexuels, entre autres ? Nous savons que la haine vise à éliminer tout ce qui ne lui appartient pas, car elle est exclusion maximale. Nous présentons ici quelques réponses de psychanalystes et amis brésiliens à ces questions.
Die wichtigsten Strategien für aufmerksames Lernen in der Grundschule
Authors: Lackemann Mandy
Published: May 2019

Lesen, schreiben, rechnen – die Grundschule ist eine Herausforderung. Ergotherapeuten können Kinder mithilfe von Strategien beim Lernen und bei der Anwendung des Gelernten unterstützen.
Verletzungen bei Mittelstreckenläufern: „Der Schwachpunkt
ist meist die Gesäßmuskulatur“
Authors: Knauer Andreas
Published: May 2019

Sportverletzungen gibt es in allen Disziplinen. Welche Verletzungen bei
Mittelstreckenläufern vorkommen und wie man sie vielleicht vermeiden kann,
wollte Matthias Keller, Mitherausgeber der Sportphysio, von dem bayerischen
Landestrainer Andreas Knauer erfahren.
Verletzungsvorhersage und Risikoscreening bei Verletzungen
des vorderen Kreuzbandes
Authors: Gokeler Alli , Benjaminse Anne
Published: May 2019

Viele Sportler erleiden Verletzungen des vorderen Kreuzbands – trotz vieler
Anstrengungen des Betreuerteams, gefährdete Sportler zu identifizieren und mit
entsprechenden Maßnahmen das individuelle Verletzungsrisiko zu senken. Neueste
Untersuchungen lenken den Blick auf Kontextfaktoren, die bisher kaum oder nicht
in ausreichendem Maß berücksichtigt wurden – ein hoffnungsvoller Ansatz.
Die Rechtsfrage: Dürfen Schüler alleine therapieren und dokumentieren?
Authors: Bossow Karsten
Published: May 2019

„Ich absolviere meinen praktischen Einsatz in einer Rehaklinik. Dort werden Therapien teilweise an Auszubildende übertragen. In der Dokumentation erscheint lediglich unser Kürzel, ohne uns als Schüler zu kennzeichnen. Ist es rechtens, als Schülerin allein Therapien durchzuführen und sie zu dokumentieren?“

Ergotherapieschülerin via E-Mail
Qualifizierte Mitarbeiter finden
Authors: Kraus Dennis
Published: May 2019

Im Schnitt suchen Inhaber von physiotherapeutischen Praxen mehr als 150 Tage nach neuen Mitarbeitern. Bei Ergotherapeuten ist die Lage nicht anders – man kann also sagen, dass die aktuelle Mitarbeitersituation mehr als bescheiden aussieht. Es braucht Ideen, auch ungewöhnliche. physiopraxis-Themenscout Dennis Kraus gibt ein paar wertvolle Tipps, wie die Suche erfolgreich werden kann.
Mondbein durch Bewegung regenerieren – Therapiekonzept bei Morbus Kienböck
Authors: Fischer Marion
Published: May 2019

Bei Morbus Kienböck handelt es sich um eine seltene Knochennekrose des Os lunatum – Ursache unklar. Bislang erfolgt die konservative Therapie in Form von Ruhigstellung. Dies führt jedoch zu negativen Folgen für alle Strukturen. Marion Fischer entwickelte ein neues Therapiemanagement, bei dem der Patient das Handgelenk begrenzt bewegt, um die Kompression des Mondbeins zu vermeiden und seine Ernährung zu verbessern.
Der alte ACS-Patient
Authors: Gaede Luise , Möllmann Helge
Published: May 2019

Der alte Patient mit einem akuten Koronarsyndrom (ACS) wird häufig aufgrund des Alters, Vorerkrankungen und auch erhöhtem Blutungsrisiko nicht evidenzbasiert therapiert. Dies gilt sowohl für die medikamentöse als auch die interventionelle Therapie. Valide Daten zeigen jedoch deutlich, dass gerade auch alte Patienten von einer Leitlinien-konformen Therapie – vor allem auch der interventionellen Therapie und der Revaskularisation – profitieren.
Annular antenna array metamaterial with SINIS bolometers
Authors: Tarasov M. , Sobolev A. , Gunbina A. , Yakopov G. , Chekushkin A. , Yusupov R. , Lemzyakov S. , Vdovin V. , Edelman V.
Published: May 2019

We fabricated and experimentally studied a wideband metamaterial comprising a 2D array of annular antennas with Superconductor-Insulator-Normal metal-Insulator-Superconductor (SINIS) bolometers. The annular antenna array metamaterial was designed for a frequency range of 300–450 GHz and consists of periodically arranged electrically small rings, each containing two or four SINIS bolometers connected in series or parallel. These periodic structures with a unit cell size of about one-tenth of a wavelength act as a distributed absorber and receive two orthogonal polarizations. The unit’s small cell size provides a higher density of bolometers and therefore increases the bandwidth and the dynamic range of a single pixel. Theoretical estimates at a central frequency of 345 GHz yield absorption efficiencies of over 80% of the incident RF power within the 300–450 GHz frequency range. The average absorption by the metamaterial matrix in the given frequency band is at least twice as high in comparison to the half-wave circle matrix. We measured the optical response at sample temperatures as low as 100 mK using a quasi-optical setup that consisted of an immersion sapphire lens, bandpass mesh filters, and a variable temperature cryogenic blackbody radiation source. The measured series array voltage responsivity was 1.3 × 109 V/W for radiation temperatures ranging from 2 K to 7.5 K. The current responsivity for the parallel array was 2.4 × 104 A/W at a bath temperature of 100 mK. The spectral response was measured in a 240–370 GHz range with a Backward Wave Oscillator radiation source. The measured equivalent temperature sensitivity could be reduced to 100 μK/Hz1/2 at a 2.7 K radiation temperature level, a value that is suitable for anisotropy measurements in cosmic microwave background radiation.
Performance limitations of nanowire resonant-tunneling transistors with steep switching analyzed by Wigner transport simulation
Authors: Lee Joon-Ho , Shin Mincheol , Seo Jeong Hyeon
Published: May 2019

We conducted a quantum transport simulation of nanowire resonant-tunneling field-effect transistors (NW-RTFETs) based on the Wigner function model. The current–voltage characteristics of the NW-RTFETs were compared with those of the nanowire transistors and nanowire resonant-tunneling diodes. For the selection of a gate with appropriate performance, symmetric and asymmetric gates with various lengths were tested, and a symmetric gate, covering the quantum well and barrier regions, was chosen as a main gate. The source-side asymmetric gates did not produce a negative differential resistance at low gate voltages in contrast to the symmetric or drain-side asymmetric gates. Although steep switching is achieved in the negative differential resistance region, the ON/OFF current ratio (ION/IOFF) is extremely low, compared to those of conventional transistors. In an attempt to increase the ION/IOFF ratio, the sizes of the semiconductor cylinder and the oxide tube were changed. This study discusses the requirements for increasing the applicability of steep switching.
An adaptable two-lens high-resolution objective for single-site resolved imaging of atoms in optical lattices
Authors: Gempel M. W. , Hartmann T. , Schulze T. A. , Voges K. K. , Zenesini A. , Ospelkaus S.
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we present a high-resolution, simple, and versatile imaging system for single-site resolved imaging of atoms in optical lattices. The system, which relies on an adaptable infinite conjugate two-lens design, has a numerical aperture of 0.52, which can in the ideal case be further extended to 0.57. It is optimized for imaging on the sodium D2-line but allows us to tune the objective’s diffraction limited performance between 400 nm and 1000 nm by changing the distance between the two lenses. Furthermore, the objective is designed to be integrated into a typical atomic physics vacuum apparatus where the operating distance can be large (>20 mm) and diffraction limited performance still needs to be achieved when imaging through thick vacuum windows (6 mm to 10 mm). Imaging gold nanoparticles, using a wavelength of 589 nm which corresponds to the D2-line of sodium atoms, we measure diffraction limited performance and a resolution corresponding to an Airy radius of less than 0.7 µm, enabling potential single-site resolution in the commonly used 532 nm optical lattice spacing.
Raman spectrometer for the automated scan of large painted surfaces
Authors: Mencaglia Andrea Azelio , Osticioli Iacopo , Ciofini Daniele , Gallo Loredana , Siano Salvatore
Published: May 2019

In this work, a novel Raman scanner capable of performing point-to-point mapping of relatively large surface of paintings is presented. This device employs an excitation wavelength of 1064 nm, and it is equipped with a high efficiency probe in order to collect the back-scattered light from each point of analysis. The use of long depth-of-field optics as well as an autofocus system allowed maintaining the best conditions for the Raman signal acquisition during the scanning, regardless of the surface irregularities. The small dimension of the optical components and the reasonable size of mechanical parts made this instrumentation particularly suitable for on-site measurements. Finally, the Raman scanner was also equipped with an online temperature control using a thermal sensor, which allows modulating automatically the output power of the laser source in order to prevent overheating and alteration effects during the scanning process. The capabilities of the Raman scanner were evaluated scanning two valuable paintings one attributed to Ambrogio Lorenzetti and the other to Duccio da Buoninsegna of the fourteenth century.
Characteristics of swirling and precessing flows generated by multiple confined jets
Authors: Long Shen , Lau Timothy C. W. , Chinnici Alfonso , Tian Zhao Feng , Dally Bassam B. , Nathan Graham J.
Published: May 2019

An experimental study is reported of the interaction between multiple isothermal jets within a cylindrical chamber under conditions relevant to a wide range of engineering applications, including the confined swirl combustors, industrial mixers, and concentrated solar thermal devices. The particle image velocimetry technique was used to investigate the swirling and precessing flows generated with four rotationally symmetric inlet pipes at a fixed nozzle Reynolds number of ReD = 10 500 for two configurations of swirl angle (5° and 15°) and two alternative tilt angles (25° and 45°). The measurements reveal three distinctive rotational flow patterns within the external recirculation zone (ERZ) and the central recirculation zone (CRZ) for these configurations. It was found that the mean and root-mean-square flow characteristics of the swirl within the chamber depend strongly on the relative significance of the ERZ and CRZ, with the swirling velocity being higher in the CRZ than that in the ERZ. A precessing vortex core was identified for all experimental conditions considered here, although its significance was less for the cases with a dominant CRZ.
Shape transition in InAs nanostructures formed by Stranski-Krastanow growth mode on InP (001) substrate
Authors: Ponchet Anne , Pedesseau Laurent , Le Corre Alain , Cornet Charles , Bertru Nicolas
Published: May 2019

The shape of InAs nanostructures formed by molecular beam epitaxy on a (001) InP substrate in the Stranski-Krastanow growth mode is studied. A transition from wires to round-shaped islands is observed as a function of the amount of InAs deposited. It is attributed to the non-equivalent energies of the A and B facets existing in zinc blende materials (facets along [11¯0] and [110], respectively). This surface energy anisotropy is considered to determine the nanostructure equilibrium shape from the balance between the elastic energy and the surface energy. At low volumes, the most energetically favorable shape is the wire-like shape, while at high volumes, the equilibrium shape is the island-like shape. The calculated sizes for which the shape changes are in good agreement with experimental sizes. The low lattice mismatch and the low surface energy of (114)A InAs facets around 41 meV/A2, as obtained from density functional theory calculations, enhance this effect in the InAs/InP system.
On the relevance of kinematics for cavitation implosion loads
Authors: Schenke S. , Melissaris T. , van Terwisga T. J. C.
Published: May 2019

This study presents a novel physical model to convert the potential energy contained in vaporous cavitation into local surface impact power and an acoustic pressure signature caused by the violent collapse of these cavities in a liquid. The model builds on an analytical representation of the solid angle projection approach by Leclercq et al. [“Numerical cavitation intensity on a hydrofoil for 3D homogeneous unsteady viscous flows,” Int. J. Fluid Mach. Syst. 10, 254–263 (2017)]. It is applied as a runtime post-processing tool in numerical simulations of cavitating flows. In the present study, the model is inspected in light of the time accurate energy balance during the cavity collapse. Analytical considerations show that the potential cavity energy is first converted into kinetic energy in the surrounding liquid [D. Obreschkow et al., “Cavitation bubble dynamics inside liquid drops in microgravity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 094502 (2006)] and focused in space before the conversion into shock wave energy takes place. To this end, the physical model is complemented by an energy conservative transport function that can focus the potential cavity energy into the collapse center before it is converted into acoustic power. The formulation of the energy focusing equation is based on a Eulerian representation of the flow. The improved model is shown to provide physical results for the acoustic wall pressure obtained from the numerical simulation of a close-wall vapor bubble cloud collapse.
Magnetic state features of Mn1.4Fe0.6P0.5As0.5
Authors: Budzyński M. , Valkov V. I. , Duda P. , Mitsiuk V. I. , Surowiec Z. , Tkachenka T. M.
Published: May 2019

Mössbauer spectroscopy in the temperature range between 4 K and 270 K was used to more clearly define the magnetic phase diagram of Mn2-xFexAs0.5P0.5. It is shown that antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic states coexist in the alloy Mn1.4Fe0.6As0.5P0.5 in the temperature range of 150 K ≤ T ≤ 160 K.
BCL6 corepressor contributes to Th17 cell formation by inhibiting Th17 fate suppressors
Authors: Kotov Jessica A. , Kotov Dmitri I. , Linehan Jonathan L. , Bardwell Vivian J. , Gearhart Micah D. , Jenkins Marc K.
Published: May 2019

CD4+ T helper 17 (Th17) cells protect vertebrate hosts from extracellular pathogens at mucosal surfaces. Th17 cells form from naive precursors when signals from the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and certain cytokine receptors induce the expression of the RORγt transcription factor, which activates a set of Th17-specific genes. Using T cell–specific loss-of-function experiments, we find that two components of the Polycomb repressive complex 1.1 (PRC1.1), BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) and KDM2B, which helps target the complex to unmethylated CpG DNA islands, are required for optimal Th17 cell formation in mice after Streptococcus pyogenes infection. Genome-wide expression and BCOR chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that BCOR directly represses Lef1, Runx2, and Dusp4, whose products inhibit Th17 differentiation. Together, the results suggest that the PRC1.1 components BCOR and KDM2B work together to enhance Th17 cell formation by repressing Th17 fate suppressors.
Persistence of stationary motion under explicit symmetry breaking perturbation
Authors: Fontaine Marine , Montaldi James
Published: May 2019

Explicit symmetry breaking occurs when a dynamical system having a certain symmetry group is perturbed to a system which has strictly less symmetry. We give a geometric approach to study this phenomenon in the setting of Hamiltonian systems. We provide a method for determining the equilibria and relative equilibria that persist after a symmetry breaking perturbation. In particular a lower bound for the number of each is found, in terms of the equivariant Lyusternik–Schnirelmann category of the group orbit.
Enhanced T-Cell Maturation and Monocyte Aggregation Are Features of Cellular Inflammation in Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1–Associated Myelopathy
Authors: Saeed Zainab , Rowan Aileen , Greiller Claire , Taylor Graham P , Pollock Katrina M
Published: May 2019

Background

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)–associated myelopathy (HAM) is an inflammatory condition characterized by severe disability and high levels of infected white blood cells. The circulating cellular inflammatory changes that distinguish this condition from asymptomatic infection are not well understood.

Methods

To investigate the immune characteristics of individuals with low or high HTLV-1 proviral load (pVL), symptomatic disease, and the impact of immunosuppressive therapy, 38 women living with HTLV-1 infection, at a median age of 59 (52–68) years, were studied. Nineteen were asymptomatic carriers with low or high pVL; 19 were diagnosed with HAM, with 10 receiving anti-inflammatory therapy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained and analyzed for frequency distribution and activation of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets using multiparameter flow cytometry.

Results

Inflation of the CD4:CD8 ratio (>2) was observed among all groups irrespective of pVL. The frequency of naive CD4+ T cells correlated inversely with HTLV-1 pVL (rs = –0.344, P = .026). Mature T effector memory TEM CD4+ T cells were expanded in patients with untreated HAM compared with asymptomatic carriers (P < .001) but less so in those on therapy. High levels of exhausted (PD-1+) and senescent (CD28null) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed in all individuals, particularly in those with HAM, while monocytes showed increased aggregation and CD14+CD56- monocytes were less frequent.

Conclusions

CD4:CD8 ratio inflation is a feature of HTLV-1 infection, whereas enhanced CD4+ T cell maturation and monocyte aggregation are features of HAM, reflecting widespread inflammatory change, which may be detectable presymptomatically and be amenable to anti-inflammatory treatment.
A newly distinguished marine magnetotelluric coast effect sensitive to the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary
Authors: Wang Shunguo , Constable Steven , Reyes-Ortega Valeria , Rychert Catherine A
Published: May 2019

The marine magnetotelluric (MT) method is a useful tool for offshore studies aimed at, for example, hydrocarbon exploration and the understanding of Earth's tectonics. Marine MT data are often distorted by coastlines because of the strong resistivity contrast between the conductive ocean and the resistive land. At mid ocean ridges, the resistivity of Earth's structure can be assumed to be two-dimensional, which allows MT data to be decomposed into a transverse electrical (TE) mode, with electric current flowing approximately along the ridge, and a transverse magnetic (TM) mode, with electric current flowing perpendicular to the ridge. We collected marine MT data at the middle Atlantic Ridge which exhibited highly negative TM-mode phases, as large as –180°, at relatively high frequencies (0.1–0.01 Hz). Similar negative phases have been observed in other marine MT data sets, but have not been the subject of study. We show here that these negative phases are caused by a newly distinguished coast effect. The TM-mode coast effect is not only a galvanic effect, as previously understood, but also includes inductive distortions. TM-mode negative phases are caused by the turning of the Poynting vector, the phase change of electromagnetic fields, and vertically flowing currents in the seafloor. The findings provide a new understanding of the TM-mode coast effect, which can guide our ability to fit the field data with the inclusion of coastlines, and reduce misinterpretation of the data in offshore studies. The study also shows that the TM-mode coast effect is sensitive to the depth and conductivity of the asthenosphere, an important feature of the Earth's interior that was the object of our Atlantic Ocean study.
Comments on Local cod (Gadus morhua) revealed by egg surveys and population genetic analysis after longstanding depletion on the Swedish Skagerrak Coast by Svedäng et al.
Authors: Cardinale Massimiliano , Mariani Stefano , Hjelm Joakim
Published: May 2019

Svedäng et al. (2018) concluded that “the occurrence of locally spawned cod eggs suggests that spawning on the Swedish Skagerrak coast takes place, which belong to either a coastal subpopulation that is a remnant stock of a once much larger cod population, or a newly formed subpopulation that is now successfully inhabiting the coastal ecosystems along the Swedish Skagerrak coast”. However, after carefully reviewing the results and the data presented by the authors, we were no longer convinced that the information presented provided enough evidence for a local, distinct, coastal cod population in the Swedish Skagerrak. Thus, we requested the original genotype data, which the authors kindly provided to us. This allowed us to explore the substructure of these samples further using STRUCTURE 2.3.2. Re-analysis of the data consistently rejects the existence of an independent coastal Swedish stock in contrast with Svedäng et al. (2018) conclusions. We acknowledge the observation of cod spawning in the area but, based on re-analysis of the original genetic data of Svedäng et al. (2018), we currently lack the scientific basis to assume the existence of established local stocks, and even less the demographic expansion of an older, relict population in the area.
The effects of diffuse ionized gas and spatial resolution on metallicity gradients: TYPHOON two-dimensional spectrophotometry of M83
Authors: Poetrodjojo Henry , D’Agostino Joshua J , Groves Brent , Kewley Lisa , Ho I-Ting , Rich Jeff , Madore Barry F , Seibert Mark
Published: May 2019

We present a systematic study of the diffuse ionized gas (DIG) in M83 and its effects on the measurement of metallicity gradients at varying resolution scales. Using spectrophotometric data cubes of M83 obtained at the 2.5m duPont telescope at Las Campanas Observatory as part of the TYPHOON programme, we separate the H ii regions from the DIG using the [S ii]/H α ratio, HIIphot (H ii-finding algorithm), and the H α surface brightness. We find that the contribution to the overall H α luminosity is approximately equal for the H ii and DIG regions. The data is then rebinned to simulate low-resolution observations at varying resolution scales from 41 pc up to 1005 pc. Metallicity gradients are measured using five different metallicity diagnostics at each resolution. We find that all metallicity diagnostics used are affected by the inclusion of DIG to varying degrees. We discuss the reasons why the metallicity gradients are significantly affected by DIG using the H ii dominance and emission line ratio radial profiles. We find that applying the [S ii]/H α cut will provide a closer estimate of the true metallicity gradient up to a resolution of 1005 pc for all metallicity diagnostics used in this study.
Do AGN triggering mechanisms vary with radio power? – I. Optical morphologies of radio-intermediate HERGs
Authors: Pierce J C S , Tadhunter C N , Ramos Almeida C , Bessiere P S , Rose M
Published: May 2019

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with intermediate radio powers are capable of driving multiphase outflows in galaxy bulges, and are also more common than their high-radio-power counterparts. In-depth characterization of the typical host galaxies and likely triggering mechanisms for this population is therefore required in order to better understand the role of radio AGN feedback in galaxy evolution. Here, we use deep optical imaging data to study the detailed host morphologies of a complete sample of 30 local radio AGNs with high-excitation optical emission (HERG) spectra and intermediate radio powers [ z < 0.1; 22.5 < log($L_{\rm 1.4GHz}$) < 24.0 W Hz-1]. The fraction of hosts with morphological signatures of mergers and interactions is greatly reduced compared to the 2Jy radio-powerful galaxies [log($L_{\rm 1.4GHz}$) > 25.0 W Hz-1] with strong optical emission lines: 53 ± 9 per cent compared with 94 ± 4 per cent. In addition, the most radio-powerful half of the sample has a higher frequency of morphological disturbance than the least radio-powerful half (67 ± 12 per cent and 40 ± 13 per cent, respectively), including the eight most highly disturbed galaxies. This suggests that the importance of triggering nuclear activity in high-excitation radio galaxies (HERGs) through mergers and interactions reduces with radio power. Both visual inspection and detailed light profile modelling reveal a mixed population of early-type and late-type morphologies, contrary to the massive elliptical galaxy hosts of radio-powerful AGNs. The prevalence of late-type hosts could suggest that triggering via secular, disc-based processes has increased importance for HERGs with lower radio powers (e.g. disc instabilities and large-scale bars).
iMKT: the integrative McDonald and Kreitman test
Authors: Murga-Moreno Jesús , Coronado-Zamora Marta , Hervas Sergi , Casillas Sònia , Barbadilla Antonio
Published: May 2019

The McDonald and Kreitman test (MKT) is one of the most powerful and widely used methods to detect and quantify recurrent natural selection using DNA sequence data. Here we present iMKT (acronym for integrative McDonald and Kreitman test), a novel web-based service performing four distinct MKT types. It allows the detection and estimation of four different selection regimes −adaptive, neutral, strongly deleterious and weakly deleterious− acting on any genomic sequence. iMKT can analyze both user's own population genomic data and pre-loaded Drosophila melanogaster and human sequences of protein-coding genes obtained from the largest population genomic datasets to date. Advanced options in the website allow testing complex hypotheses such as the application example showed here: do genes located in high recombination regions undergo higher rates of adaptation? We aim that iMKT will become a reference site tool for the study of evolutionary adaptation in massive population genomics datasets, especially in Drosophila and humans. iMKT is a free resource online at https://imkt.uab.cat.
“Not Without My Daughter”: EU Asylum Law, Gender, and the Separation of Refugee Families
Authors: Bastaki Jinan
Published: May 2019

When refugee families arrive in Europe and the children are over 18 years of age, in most cases, they are assessed separately for their asylum claim. Where applicants want to apply for family reunification, only spouses and minors who wish to be reunified with adult family members can automatically do so. This has caused problems for adult women who want to remain a part of their family or be reunified with family members in other European Union States. There is evidence that single women are more vulnerable to gender-based violence, whether in the refugee camps or on the dangerous journey from their homes to Europe, but that reason is not sufficient for family reunification. Through interviews with Arab women seeking to be reunified with their families, this article analyses the impact of the laws in the European Union, and specifically in Greece, on female asylum-seekers reaching the Greek island of Lesvos. It argues that the asylum laws have negative humanitarian consequences on asylum-seeking families, and because the act of seeking protection is different than other forms of migration, previous family structures should be recognised if the asylum-seeking woman so wishes, in order to ensure that these women are not made vulnerable.
Inclusiveness of Parental-Leave Benefits in Twenty-One European Countries: Measuring Social and Gender Inequalities in Leave Eligibility
Authors: Dobrotić Ivana , Blum Sonja
Published: May 2019

This article analyzes eligibility for parental-leave benefits in twenty-one European countries. It distinguishes four ideal-type approaches to how leave-related benefits are granted (in-)dependent of parents’ labor market position: universal parenthood model, selective parenthood model, universal adult-worker model, and selective adult-worker model. An eligibility index is created to measure the inclusiveness of parental-leave benefits, alongside the degree of (de-)gendered entitlements. The importance of employment-based benefits and gender-sensitive policies increased between 2006 and 2017. Eligibility criteria remained stable, but due to labor market trends, such as increasing precariousness, fewer parents may fulfill the conditions for employment-based benefits.
Accounting for Uncertainty in the Evolutionary Timescale of Green Plants Through Clock-Partitioning and Fossil Calibration Strategies
Authors: Nie Yuan , Foster Charles S P , Zhu Tianqi , Yao Ru , Duchêne David A , Ho Simon Y W , Zhong Bojian
Published: May 2019

Establishing an accurate evolutionary timescale for green plants (Viridiplantae) is essential to understanding their interaction and coevolution with the Earth’s climate and the many organisms that rely on green plants. Despite being the focus of numerous studies, the timing of the origin of green plants and the divergence of major clades within this group remain highly controversial. Here, we infer the evolutionary timescale of green plants by analyzing 81 protein-coding genes from 99 chloroplast genomes, using a core set of 21 fossil calibrations. We test the sensitivity of our divergence-time estimates to various components of Bayesian molecular dating, including the tree topology, clock models, clock-partitioning schemes, rate priors, and fossil calibrations. We find that the choice of clock model affects date estimation and that the independent-rates model provides a better fit to the data than the autocorrelated-rates model. Varying the rate prior and tree topology had little impact on age estimates, with far greater differences observed among calibration choices and clock-partitioning schemes. Our analyses yield date estimates ranging from the Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic for crown-group green plants, and from the Ediacaran to Middle Ordovician for crown-group land plants. We present divergence-time estimates of the major groups of green plants that take into account various sources of uncertainty. Our proposed timeline lays the foundation for further investigations into how green plants shaped the global climate and ecosystems, and how embryophytes became dominant in terrestrial environments.
Societal Poverty: A Relative and Relevant Measure
Authors: Jolliffe Dean , Prydz Espen Beer
Published: May 2019

Poverty lines are typically higher in richer countries, and lower in poorer ones, reflecting the relative nature of national assessments of who is considered poor. In many high-income countries, poverty lines are explicitly relative, set as a share of mean or median income. Despite systematic variation in how countries define poverty, global poverty counts are based on fixed-value lines. To reflect national assessments of poverty in a global headcount of poverty, this paper proposes a societal poverty line. The proposed societal poverty line is derived from 699 harmonized national poverty lines, has an intercept of $1 per day and a relative gradient of 50 percent of median national income or consumption. The societal poverty line is more closely aligned with national definitions of poverty than other proposed relative lines. By this relative measure, societal poverty has fallen steadily since 1990, but at a much slower pace than absolute extreme poverty.
Brain Responsivity to Emotional Faces Differs in Alcoholic Men and Women
Authors: Oscar-Berman Marlene , Ruiz Susan Mosher , Marinkovic Ksenija , Valmas Mary M. , Harris Gordon J. , Sawyer Kayle S.
Published: May 2019

Inclusion of women in alcoholism research has shown that gender differences contribute to unique profiles of cognitive, emotional, and neuropsychological dysfunction. We employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of abstinent long-term alcoholics (21 women [ALCw] and 21 men [ALCm]) and demographically-similar nonalcoholic controls (21 women [NCw] and 21 men [NCm]) to explore how gender and alcoholism interact to influence emotional processing and memory. Participants completed a delayed match-to-sample emotional face memory fMRI task. While the results corroborated reports implicating amygdalar, superior temporal, and cerebellar involvement in emotional processing overall, the alcoholic participants showed hypoactivation of the left intraparietal sulcus to encoding the identity of the emotional face stimuli. The nonalcoholic participants demonstrated more reliable gender differences in neural responses to encoding the identity of the emotional faces than did the alcoholic group, and widespread neural responses to these stimuli were more pronounced in the NCw than in the NCm. By comparison, gender differences among ALC participants were either smaller or in the opposite direction (higher brain activation in ALCm than ALCw). Specifically, Group by Gender interaction effects indicated stronger responses to emotional faces by ALCm than ALCw in the left superior frontal gyrus and the right inferior frontal sulcus, while NCw had stronger responses than NCm. However, this pattern was inconsistent throughout the brain, with results suggesting the reverse direction of gender effects in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex. Together, these findings demonstrated that gender plays a significant role in the profile of functional brain abnormalities observed in alcoholism.
Throughput and Resolution with a Next Generation Direct Electron Detector
Authors: Mendez Joshua H. , Mehrani Atousa , Randolph Peter , Stagg Scott
Published: May 2019

Direct electron detectors (DEDs) have revolutionized cryo-electron microscopy by facilitating correction of beam-induced motion and radiation damage and by providing high-resolution image capture. A new generation of DEDs has been developed by Direct Electron, the DE64, that has good performance in both integrating and counting modes. Integrating mode is superior in throughput while counting mode is superior in image quality. We show that despite being ~10x slower in throughput, counting mode is superior in terms of reconstruction resolution per unit time of data collection.