bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysregulated Wnt and NFAT signaling in a Parkinson’s disease LRRK2 G2019S knock-in model
Authors: Wetzel Andrea , Lei Si Hang , Liu Tiansheng , Hughes Michael P. , Peng Yunan , McKay Tristan , Waddington Simon N. , Grannò Simone , Rahim Ahad A. , Harvey Kirsten
Published: May 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive late-onset neurodegenerative disease leading to physical and cognitive decline. Mutations of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common genetic cause of PD. LRRK2 is a complex scaffolding protein with known regulatory roles in multiple molecular pathways. Two prominent examples of LRRK2-modulated pathways are Wingless/Int (Wnt) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling. Both are well described key regulators of immune and nervous system development as well as maturation. The aim of this study was to establish the physiological and pathogenic role of LRRK2 in Wnt and NFAT signaling in the brain, as well as the potential contribution of the non-canonical Wnt/Calcium pathway. In vivo cerebral Wnt and NFATc1 signaling activity was quantified in LRRK2 G2019S mutant knock-in (KI) and LRRK2 knockout (KO) male and female mice with repeated measures over 28 weeks, employing lentiviral luciferase biosensors, and analyzed using a mixed-effect model. To establish spatial resolution, we investigated tissues, and primary neuronal cell cultures from different brain regions combining luciferase signaling activity, immunohistochemistry, qPCR and western blot assays. Results were analyzed by unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction or 2-way ANOVA with post hoc corrections. In vivo Wnt signaling activity in LRRK2 KO and LRRK2 G2019S KI mice was increased significantly ~ threefold, with a more pronounced effect in males (~ fourfold) than females (~ twofold). NFATc1 signaling was reduced ~ 0.5-fold in LRRK2 G2019S KI mice. Brain tissue analysis showed region-specific expression changes in Wnt and NFAT signaling components. These effects were predominantly observed at the protein level in the striatum and cerebral cortex of LRRK2 KI mice. Primary neuronal cell culture analysis showed significant genotype-dependent alterations in Wnt and NFATc1 signaling under basal and stimulated conditions. Wnt and NFATc1 signaling was primarily dysregulated in cortical and hippocampal neurons respectively. Our study further built on knowledge of LRRK2 as a Wnt and NFAT signaling protein. We identified complex changes in neuronal models of LRRK2 PD, suggesting a role for mutant LRRK2 in the dysregulation of NFAT, and canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling.
Adverse effects of excessive dietary arachidonic acid on survival, PUFA-derived enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxylipins, stress response in rainbow trout fry
Authors: Cardona Emilie , Segret Emilien , Heraud Cécile , Roy Jerome , Vigor Claire , Gros Valérie , Reversat Guillaume , Sancho-Zubeldia Battitte , Oger Camille , Durbec Anaelle , Bertrand-Michel Justine , Surget Anne , Galano Jean-Marie , Corraze Geneviève , Cachelou Yoann , Marchand Yann , Durand Thierry , Cachelou Frederic , Skiba-Cassy Sandrine
Published: May 2024

Arachidonic acid (C20: 4n-6, AA) plays a fundamental role in fish physiology, influencing growth, survival and stress resistance. However, imbalances in dietary AA can have detrimental effects on fish health and performance. Optimal AA requirements for rainbow trout have not been established. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of varying dietary AA levels on survival, growth, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthetic capacity, oxylipin profiles, lipid peroxidation, and stress resistance of rainbow trout fry. Over a period of eight weeks, 4000 female rainbow trout fry at the resorptive stage (0.12 g) from their first feeding were fed diets with varying levels of AA (0.6%, 1.1% or 2.5% of total fatty acids) while survival and growth metrics were closely monitored. The dietary trial was followed by an acute confinement stress test. Notably, while the fatty acid profiles of the fish reflected dietary intake, those fed an AA-0.6% diet showed increased expression of elongase5, highlighting their inherent ability to produce LC-PUFAs from C18 PUFAs and suggesting potential AA or docosapentaenoic acidn-6 (DPAn-6) biosynthesis. However, even with this biosynthetic capacity, the trout fed reduced dietary AA had higher mortality rates. The diet had no effect on final weight (3.38 g on average for the three diets). Conversely, increased dietary AA enhanced eicosanoid production from AA, suggesting potential inflammatory and oxidative consequences. This was further evidenced by an increase in non-enzymatic lipid oxidation metabolites, particularly in the AA-2.5% diet group, which had higher levels of phytoprostanes and isoprostanes, markers of cellular oxidative damage. Importantly, the AA-1.1% diet proved to be particularly beneficial for stress resilience. This was evidenced by higher post-stress turnover rates of serotonin and dopamine, neurotransmitters central to the fish's stress response. In conclusion, a dietary AA intake of 1.1% of total fatty acids appears to promote overall resilience in rainbow trout fry.
PRSS3/mesotrypsin as a putative regulator of the biophysical characteristics of epidermal keratinocytes in superficial layers
Authors: Kida Moeko , Abe Junya , Hori Haruna , Hirai Yohei
Published: May 2024

Mesotrypsin, encoded by the PRSS3 gene, is a distinctive trypsin isoform renowned for its exceptional resistance to traditional trypsin inhibitors and unique substrate specificity. Within the skin epidermis, this protein primarily expresses in the upper layers of the stratified epidermis and plays a crucial role in processing pro-filaggrin (Pro-FLG). Although prior studies have partially elucidated its functions using primary cultured keratinocytes, challenges persist due to these cells' differentiation-activated cell death program. In the present study, HaCaT keratinocytes, characterized by minimal endogenous mesotrypsin expression and sustained proliferation in differentiated states, were utilized to further scrutinize the function of mesotrypsin. Despite the ready degradation of the intact form of active mesotrypsin in these cells, fusion with Venus, flanked by a peptide linker, enables evasion from the protein elimination machinery, thus facilitating activation of the Pro-FLG processing system. Inducing Venus-mesotrypsin expression in the cells resulted in a flattened phenotype and reduced proliferative capacity. Moreover, these cells displayed altered F-actin assembly, enhanced E-cadherin adhesive activity, and facilitated tight junction formation without overtly influencing epidermal differentiation. These findings underscore mesotrypsin's potentially pivotal role in shaping the characteristic cellular morphology of upper epidermal layers.
In-layer inhomogeneity of molecular dynamics in quasi-liquid layers of ice
Authors: Yasuda Ikki , Endo Katsuhiro , Arai Noriyoshi , Yasuoka Kenji
Published: May 2024

Quasi-liquid layers (QLLs) are present on the surface of ice and play a significant role in its distinctive chemical and physical properties. These layers exhibit considerable heterogeneity across different scales ranging from nanometers to millimeters. Although the formation of partially ice-like structures has been proposed, the molecular-level understanding of this heterogeneity remains unclear. Here, we examined the heterogeneity of molecular dynamics on QLLs based on molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning analysis of the simulation data. We demonstrated that the molecular dynamics of QLLs do not comprise a mixture of solid- and liquid water molecules. Rather, molecules having similar behaviors form dynamical domains that are associated with the dynamical heterogeneity of supercooled water. Nonetheless, molecules in the domains frequently switch their dynamical state. Furthermore, while there is no observable characteristic domain size, the long-range ordering strongly depends on the temperature and crystal face. Instead of a mixture of static solid- and liquid-like regions, our results indicate the presence of heterogeneous molecular dynamics in QLLs, which offers molecular-level insights into the surface properties of ice.
Hippo–YAP/TAZ signalling coordinates adipose plasticity and energy balance by uncoupling leptin expression from fat mass
Authors: Choi Sungwoo , Kang Ju-Gyeong , Tran Yen T. H. , Jeong Sun-Hye , Park Kun-Young , Shin Hyemi , Kim Young Hoon , Park Myungsun , Nahmgoong Hahn , Seol Taejun , Jeon Haeyon , Kim Yeongmin , Park Sanghee , Kim Hee-joo , Kim Min-Seob , Li Xiaoxu , Bou Sleiman Maroun , Lee Eries , Choi Jinhyuk , Eisenbarth David , Lee Sang Heon , Cho Suhyeon , Moore David D. , Auwerx Johan , Kim Il-Young , Kim Jae Bum , Park Jong-Eun , Lim Dae-Sik , Suh Jae Myoung
Published: May 2024

Adipose tissues serve as an energy reservoir and endocrine organ, yet the mechanisms that coordinate these functions remain elusive. Here, we show that the transcriptional coregulators, YAP and TAZ, uncouple fat mass from leptin levels and regulate adipocyte plasticity to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Activating YAP/TAZ signalling in adipocytes by deletion of the upstream regulators Lats1 and Lats2 results in a profound reduction in fat mass by converting mature adipocytes into delipidated progenitor-like cells, but does not cause lipodystrophy-related metabolic dysfunction, due to a paradoxical increase in circulating leptin levels. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that YAP/TAZ–TEAD signalling upregulates leptin expression by directly binding to an upstream enhancer site of the leptin gene. We further show that YAP/TAZ activity is associated with, and functionally required for, leptin regulation during fasting and refeeding. These results suggest that adipocyte Hippo–YAP/TAZ signalling constitutes a nexus for coordinating adipose tissue lipid storage capacity and systemic energy balance through the regulation of adipocyte plasticity and leptin gene transcription.
Identifying multi-resolution clusters of diseases in ten million patients with multimorbidity in primary care in England
Authors: Beaney Thomas , Clarke Jonathan , Salman David , Woodcock Thomas , Majeed Azeem , Aylin Paul , Barahona Mauricio
Published: May 2024

Background

Identifying clusters of diseases may aid understanding of shared aetiology, management of co-morbidities, and the discovery of new disease associations. Our study aims to identify disease clusters using a large set of long-term conditions and comparing methods that use the co-occurrence of diseases versus methods that use the sequence of disease development in a person over time.

Methods

We use electronic health records from over ten million people with multimorbidity registered to primary care in England. First, we extract data-driven representations of 212 diseases from patient records employing (i) co-occurrence-based methods and (ii) sequence-based natural language processing methods. Second, we apply the graph-based Markov Multiscale Community Detection (MMCD) to identify clusters based on disease similarity at multiple resolutions. We evaluate the representations and clusters using a clinically curated set of 253 known disease association pairs, and qualitatively assess the interpretability of the clusters.

Results

Both co-occurrence and sequence-based algorithms generate interpretable disease representations, with the best performance from the skip-gram algorithm. MMCD outperforms k-means and hierarchical clustering in explaining known disease associations. We find that diseases display an almost-hierarchical structure across resolutions from closely to more loosely similar co-occurrence patterns and identify interpretable clusters corresponding to both established and novel patterns.

Conclusions

Our method provides a tool for clustering diseases at different levels of resolution from co-occurrence patterns in high-dimensional electronic health records, which could be used to facilitate discovery of associations between diseases in the future.
Sodium catalytic phenylpentazole cracking: a theoretical study
Authors: Zhang Fulan , Yuan Binfang , Guo Xiaogang , Huang Huisheng
Published: May 2024

A theoretical study shows that sodium metal can successfully diminishes the activation energy (a mere 5.2 kcal mol−1) required for N2 production through the cracking of phenylpentazole.
Bonding states of gold/silver plasmonic nanostructures and sulfur-containing active biological ingredients in biomedical applications: a review
Authors: Esmailzadeh Farhad , Taheri-Ledari Reza , Salehi Mohammad Mehdi , Zarei-Shokat Simindokht , Ganjali Fatemeh , Mohammadi Adibeh , Zare Iman , Kashtiaray Amir , Jalali Farinaz , Maleki Ali
Published: May 2024

As one of the most instrumental components in the architecture of advanced nanomedicines, plasmonic nanostructures (mainly gold and silver nanomaterials) have been paid a lot of attention.
Exploring KTiPO4F as a robust polyanion anode material for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Ramezankhani Vahid , Luchinin Nikita D. , Marshenya Sergey N. , Zakharkin Maxim V. , Golubnichiy Alexander A. , Morozov Anatolii V. , Emilianova Olga , Stevenson Keith J. , Antipov Evgeny V. , Abakumov Artem M. , Fedotov Stanislav S.
Published: May 2024

The novel Ti-containing anode for the K-ion battery.
Self-assembled branched polypeptides as amelogenin mimics for enamel repair
Authors: Li Yue , Chang Rong , Liu Yang-Jia , Chen Feng , Chen Yong-Xiang
Published: May 2024

Inspired by amelogenin (Ame), an Ame mimic (CAMP15) is constructed by modifying Ame's C-terminal with poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate), which can guide hydroxyapatite-oriented growth and reduce bacteria adhesion, showing great potential in enamel repair.
Performance evaluation of a newly developed transition metal-doped HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for single-step conversion of C1–C3 alcohols to fuel-range hydrocarbons
Authors: Anekwe Ifeanyi Michael Smarte , Oboirien Bilainu , Isa Yusuf Makarfi
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the performance of metal-doped HZSM-5 catalysts in the conversion of low alcohols to hydrocarbons (LATH).
Forced intercalation-induced light-up peptides as fluorogenic indicators for the HIV-1 TAR RNA-ligand assay
Authors: Lee En Ting Tabitha , Sato Yusuke , Ujuagu Akunna F. , Nishizawa Seiichi
Published: May 2024

New fluorogenic indicators for HIV-1 TAR RNA have been developed for fluorescence indicator displacement (FID) assay based on forced intercalation of thiazole orange unit integrated into the middle of transactivator of transcription (Tat) peptide.
Expression of concern: A hypoxia-dissociable siRNA nanoplatform for synergistically enhanced chemo-radiotherapy of glioblastoma
Authors: Xie Yandong , Lu Xueying , Wang Zhen , Liu Mingxi , Liu Liang , Wang Ran , Yang Kun , Xiao Hong , Li Jianyong , Tang Xianglong , Liu Hongyi
Published: May 2024

Expression of concern for ‘A hypoxia-dissociable siRNA nanoplatform for synergistically enhanced chemo-radiotherapy of glioblastoma’ by Yandong Xie, et al., Biomater. Sci., 2022, 10, 6791–6803, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2BM01145J.
One-pot C(sp3)–H difluoroalkylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines and isochromans via electrochemical oxidation and organozinc alkylation
Authors: Kamata Kazuya , Kuriyama Masami , Tahara Hironobu , Nishikawa Akira , Yamamoto Kosuke , Demizu Yosuke , Onomura Osamu
Published: May 2024

The α-C(sp3)–H difluoroalkylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines and isochromans via electrochemical oxidation was developed using organozinc reagents to achieve a broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions.
Investigating the effect of particle size distribution and complex exchange dynamics on NMR spectra of ions diffusing in disordered porous carbons through a mesoscopic model
Authors: Lahrar El Hassane , Merlet Céline
Published: May 2024

We use a mesoscopic model to simulate NMR spectra of ions diffusing in carbon particles of various sizes. We obtain complex spectra, with broad and narrow peaks, and show that including polydispersity is essential to recover experimental features.
Sonochemical-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots using vegetable oils
Authors: Conceição Pedro , Perdomo Andrés , Carvalho Diogo F. , Teixeira Jennifer P. , Salomé Pedro M. P. , Trindade Tito
Published: May 2024

Sonochemical-assisted synthesis using environmentally friendly solvents produces photoluminescent CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots as an optically active crystalline phase for fabricating solar cells.
Enzymatic bulk synthesis, characterization, rheology, and biodegradability of biobased 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan polyesters
Authors: Post Cornelis , Maniar Dina , Jongstra Jesse A. , Parisi Daniele , Voet Vincent S. D. , Folkersma Rudy , Loos Katja
Published: May 2024

BHMF-based polyesters are synthesized via enzymatic bulk polymerization. The thermal, mechanical and rheological properties can be tuned by varying the structural composition of the polymer, which also influences the biodegradation rate.
NIRS-XRF fusion spectroscopy for coal calorific value prediction using data deficient learning
Authors: Jie Xianjing , Yang Aiyong , Cui Qingru , Xu Baobei , Guo Yilu , Pu Shiliang
Published: May 2024

The overall pipeline of the proposed PLS-assisted neural fine-tuning framework.
Investigation of the inherent characteristics of copper(ii) Schiff base complexes as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Mohammed Thasnim P , Thennarasu Abinaya Sushana , Jothi Ravi , Gowrishankar Shanmugaraj , Velusamy Marappan , Patra Suman , Sankaralingam Muniyandi
Published: May 2024

The copper(ii) Schiff base complexes (1–3) are promising candidates for antifungal/antibacterial activity.
Bioethanol fermentation in the presence of ionic liquids: mini review
Authors: Kuroda Kosuke
Published: May 2024

Ionic liquids are efficient pretreatment solvents for cellulosic biomass, but typical cellulose-dissolving ionic liquids are toxic to microorganisms, hindering the fermentation process for bioethanol production. Here I summarize the mechanisms of toxicity and how to overcome the toxicity.
Understanding the second and third order nonlinear optical responses of M@b66/64Al12N12: a comprehensive DFT and TD-DFT study
Authors: Zaidi Meriem , Hannachi Douniazed , Chaoui Nahla , Chermette Henry
Published: May 2024

First DFT/TD-DFT computational study of the second and third order nonlinear optical responses of M@b66/64Al12N12 (M = 3d metal). Resonance energy and oscillator strength bolster the dynamic first hyperpolarizability of the nanoparticles.
Fabrication of an iron-doped Fe@Zn-MOF composite: empowering enhanced colorimetric recognition and energy storage performance
Authors: Shukla Vibhav , Waris  , Khan Mohammad Zain , Siddiqui Kafeel Ahmad
Published: May 2024

Fe@Zn-MOF-2, an iron-doped Zn-MOF, was developed for sensing Gd3+ and acetophenone and as an electrode material for energy storage. It exhibited a higher specific capacitance than Zn-MOF and retained 94.57% of its capacitance after 2000 cycles.
Greatly enhanced optical anisotropy in thiophosphates inspired by rational coupling of tetrahedra and ethane-like [P2S6]4− groups
Authors: Zhao Ning , Lu Dazhi , Xu Jingjing , Wu Kui , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin
Published: May 2024

This study demonstrates a feasible design strategy to achieve the greatly enhanced optical anisotropy through rational coupling d10 or SCALP-cations centered tetrahedra and ethane-like [P2S6]4−groups into the structures of thiophosphates.
Recent progress in ladder-like polysilsesquioxane: synthesis and applications
Authors: Kim Junkyu , Park Youngjoo , Kwon Min Sang
Published: May 2024

This review highlights advancements in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of ladder-like polysilsesquioxane (LPSQ). Emphasizing its double-stranded structure, and superior properties, it shows LPSQ's role in hybrid materials.
Aerobic bimetallic catalysis for oxy-alkynylation of allenes
Authors: Fan Junjie , Zhang Dongjie , Shi Yaqi , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: May 2024

An aerobic double functionalization of 2,3-allenoic acids with terminal alkynes has been achieved affording versatile 4-alkynylfuran-2(5H)-one derivatives, which have been demonstrated as platform molecules for synthesis of useful natural products.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the study of interaction of an antibacterial agent ([bis(1,3-dipentyl-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)silver(i)]bromide) with Bacillus subtilis bacterial biofilms
Authors: Nadeem Sana , Aziz Saima , Nawaz Haq , Majeed Muhammad Irfan , Alghamdi Abeer Ahmed , Shahid Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan , Manahal Shaista , Rehman Nimra , Anwer Ayesha , Ghafoor Nida , Imran Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is employed to check the antibacterial potential of a lab synthesized imidazole-based drug against biofilm forming bacteria.
Co-hydrothermal carbonization of pretreated sludge and polyethylene terephthalate for the preparation of low-nitrogen clean solid fuels
Authors: Ye Ting , Gou Le , Wang Yue , Liu Nan , Dai Liyi , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: May 2024

In this work, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and sewage sludge (SS) were co-hydrothermally carbonized to produce low-nitrogen solid fuels.
Mitigating diabetes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein aggregation through pharmacological interventions
Authors: Bennici Giulia , Almahasheer Hanan , Alghrably Mawadda , Valensin Daniela , Kola Arian , Kokotidou Chrysoula , Lachowicz Joanna , Jaremko Mariusz
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus, a complex metabolic disorder, presents a growing global health challenge.
Hybrid PNA-peptide hydrogels as injectable CEST-MRI agents
Authors: Rosa Elisabetta , Di Gregorio Enza , Ferrauto Giuseppe , Diaferia Carlo , Gallo Enrico , Terreno Enzo , Accardo Antonella
Published: May 2024

The self-assembly of peptides and their analogues may be exploited as platforms for biomedical applications, among which CEST-MRI (chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging), a novel metal-free approach in imaging acquisitions.
Unveiled effects of the methylammonium chloride additive on formamidinium lead halide: expediting carrier injection from the photoabsorber to carrier transport layers through spontaneously modulated heterointerfaces in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Nishimura Naoyuki , Behera Ranjan Kumar , Katoh Ryuzi , Kanda Hiroyuki , Murakami Takurou N. , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki
Published: May 2024

Time-resolved spectroscopies unveil the additional effects of the widely used methylammonium chloride (MACl) additive on FAPbI3 photoabsorber in perovskite solar cells, spontaneously modulating heterointerfaces for accelerating carrier injections.
Ligand-customized colloidal quantum dots for high-performance optoelectronic devices
Authors: Xia Hang , Hu Huicheng , Wang Ya , Yu Mengxuan , Yuan Mohan , Yang Ji , Gao Liang , Zhang Jianbing , Tang Jiang , Lan Xinzheng
Published: May 2024

A new surface engineering approach that allows for enhanced control over ligands by decoupling colloidal-stabilization and property-engineering ligands was developed.
Enhanced ion transport in ultrathin regenerated cellulose supercapacitor separators
Authors: Huang Haocun , Wu Hongqin , Zhang Xiao , Dong Huilin , Chen Sheng , Xu Yanglei , Xu Feng
Published: May 2024

This work reports the fabrication of regenerated cellulose-based separators with efficient ion transport properties, high porosity, and excellent electrolyte wettability using vacuum freeze-dried cellulose membranes.
Achieving a colour-tuneable afterglow through pH-responsive exciton transfer channels in a carbon dot matrix system
Authors: Tan Jing , Gu Hailing , Cheng Dengke , Yang Daiqi , Xiao Chi , Li Yi , Ouyang Yaobin , Zhu Changchao , Qu Songnan , Li Qijun
Published: May 2024

Achieving a colour-tuneable afterglow by selectively activating different exciton transfer channels in a carbon dot–cyanuric acid composite by alkali induction.
A review on waste biomass-to-energy: integrated thermochemical and biochemical conversion for resource recovery
Authors: Begum Yasmin Ara , Kumari Sheetal , Jain Shailendra Kumar , Garg Manoj Chandra
Published: May 2024

Integrating thermochemical–biochemical methods overcomes the single-path limits for bioenergy production. This synergy lowers costs and enhances energy sustainability, highlighting waste-to-energy's vital role in the circular economy transition.
Intrinsic effects of electrolytes on lithium metal deposition and dissolution investigated through a separator-free cell
Authors: Takahashi Tomoki , Wang Di , Hwang Jinkwang , Matsumoto Kazuhiko
Published: May 2024

A separator-free cell minimizing extraneous parameters and 48 different electrolytes varying in solvent, salt type, concentration, and additives are utilized to assess their influence on lithium deposition and dissolution.
Comprehensive review on dynamic state estimation techniques with cybersecurity applications
Authors: Zhou Zhuoran , Zhang Xin , Zhang Jinning , Taylor Gareth
Published: May 2024

The role of cybersecurity in cyber‐physical power systems (CPPS) is reviewed, focusing on the applications of dynamic state estimation (DSE) techniques. These DSE techniques are particularly relevant with the integration of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and advanced communication infrastructure. A comprehensive review on DSE techniques and applications to efficiently protect CPPS against cyberattacks is classified into three cyber resilience phases including prevention, detection, and mitigation. The DSE techniques in the prevention phase are surveyed to improve the observability of the CPPS by the robust design of the Kalman filter and optimal protection of PMUs. The DSE techniques in the detection phase are surveyed to improve the adaptability of CPPS in various attack detection scenerios and optimise the detection accuracy. The DSE techniques in the mitigation phase are surveyed to enhance the flexibility of CPPS resource utilisation with compensation‐based, isolation‐based, and scheduling‐based strategies. Finally, the benefits and limitations of each DSE technique are summarised with potential suggestions on research directions for enhancing the cyber resilience of CPPS.
Understanding the unusual life of the Cartwheel galaxy using stellar populations
Authors: Ditrani F. R. , Longhetti M. , Fossati M. , Wolter A.
Published: May 2024

Collisional ring galaxies (RiGs) are the result of the impact between two galaxies, with one of them passing close to the centre of the other, piercing its gaseous and stellar disc. In this framework, the impact generates a shock wave front that propagates within the disc of the target galaxy soon after the encounter, producing a characteristic expanding ring-shaped structure. RiGs represent one of the most extreme environments in which we can study the physical properties of galaxies and the transformations they undergo during collisions. The paradigm RiG is the Cartwheel galaxy atz = 0.03. This galaxy has been the object of both theoretical and observational studies, but the details of the mechanisms that lead to its peculiar morphology of double rings with connecting spokes and to its physical properties are still far from clear. To shed light on the history of the Cartwheel galaxy, we performed a spatially resolved analysis as a function of galactocentric distance, exploiting spectroscopic data from VLT/MUSE observations combined with photometric data covering a large wavelength range, from the UV GALEX to the IR JWST/MIRI. Using full-index fitting of the stellar spectra, an analysis of the nebular emission, and joint full spectral and photometry fitting, we derived stellar ages, gas and stellar metallicities, and star formation histories (SFHs) in four spatially distinct regions of the galaxy. We find that, apart from the peculiar morphology, a large fraction of the Cartwheel galaxy is not affected by the recent impact from the companion bullet, and retains the characteristics of a typical spiral galaxy. On the contrary, the outer ring is strongly affected by the recent impact, and is completely dominated by stars formed not earlier than ∼400 Myr ago. Our picture suggests that the collision shock wave, while moving forward to the external region of the galaxy, drags the already formed stars, sweeping the inner areas outwards, as proposed by recent collision models. At the same time, the ages found in the external ring are older than the predicted timescale of the ring expansion after the collision.
Monte Carlo simulation of UV-driven synthesis of complex organic molecules on icy grain surfaces
Authors: Ochiai Y. , Ida S. , Shoji D.
Published: May 2024

Context. Complex organic molecules (COMs) have been widely observed in molecular clouds and protostellar environments. One of the formation mechanisms of COMs is radical reactions on the icy grain surface driven by UV irradiation. While many experiments have reported that various COMs (including biomolecules) can be synthesized under such ice conditions, the majority of the reaction processes are unclear. Complementary numerical simulations are necessary to unveil the synthetic process behind the formation of COMs.

Aims. In this study, we develop a chemical reaction simulation using a Monte Carlo method. To explore the complex reaction network of COM synthesis, the model was designed to eliminate the need to prepare reaction pathways in advance and to keep computational costs low. This allows for broad parameter surveys and a global investigation of COM synthesis reactions. With this simulation, we investigate the chemical reactions occurring on icy dust surfaces during and after UV irradiation, assuming a protoplanetary disk environment. We aim to reveal the types of organic molecules produced in a disk and the formation mechanisms of COMs, in particular, amino acids and sugars.

Methods. The Monte Carlo method we developed here produces reaction sequences by selecting a reaction from all candidate reactions at each calculation step, based on Arrhenius-type weighting. For our purpose, we significantly accelerated the calculation by adopting an approximate estimation of activation energy without expensive quantum chemical calculations.

Results. The results show that photodissociation and subsequent radical-radical reactions cause random rearrangement of the covalent bonds in the initial molecules composed of methanol, formaldehyde, ammonia, and water. Consequently, highly complex molecules such as amino acids and sugars were produced in a wide range of the initial conditions. We found that the final abundances of amino acids and sugars have extremely similar dependence on the atomic ratios of the initial molecules, which peak at C/H ~ 0.1–0.3 and O/H ~ 0.3–0.5, although the amino acids abundance is usually more than ten times higher than that of sugars. To understand this dependence, a semi-analytical formula was derived. Additionally, parameter surveys of temperature, photon energy, and other factors have suggested that the decomposition reactions of amino acids and sugars undergo a rapid transition within the threshold of a given parameter.
Effects of coronal rain on decayless kink oscillations of coronal loops
Authors: Shrivastav Arpit Kumar , Pant Vaibhav , Antolin Patrick
Published: May 2024

Decayless kink oscillations are ubiquitously observed in active region coronal loops with an almost constant amplitude for several cycles. Decayless kink oscillations of coronal loops triggered by coronal rain have been analyzed, but the impact of coronal rain formation in an already oscillating loop is unclear. As kink oscillations can help diagnose the local plasma conditions, it is important to understand how these are affected by coronal rain phenomena. In this study, we present the analysis of an event of coronal rain that occurred on 25 April 2014 and was simultaneously observed by Slit-Jaw Imager (SJI) on board Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO). We investigated the oscillation properties of the coronal loop in AIA images before and after the appearance of coronal rain as observed by SJI. We find signatures of decayless oscillations before and after coronal rain at similar positions to those found during coronal rain. The individual cases show a greater amplitude and period during coronal rain. The mean period is increased by 1.3 times during coronal rain, while the average amplitude is increased by 2 times during rain, in agreement with the expected density increase from coronal rain. The existence of the oscillations in the same loop at the time of no coronal rain indicates the presence of a footpoint driver. The properties of the observed oscillations during coronal rain can result from the combined contribution of coronal rain and a footpoint driver. The oscillation amplitude associated with coronal rain is approximated to be 0.14 Mm. The properties of decayless oscillations are considerably affected by coronal rain, and without prior knowledge of coronal rain in the loop, a significant discrepancy can arise from coronal seismology with respect to the true values.
Turbulent circumnuclear disc and cold gas outflow in the newborn radio source 4C 31.04
Authors: Murthy Suma , Morganti Raffaella , Oosterloo Tom , Schulz Robert , Paragi Zsolt
Published: May 2024

We present deep kiloparsec- and parsec-scale neutral atomic hydrogen (H I) absorption observations of a very young radio source (≤5000 years), 4C 31.04, using the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) and the Global Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) array. Using z = 0.0598, derived from molecular gas observations, we detect, at both kpc and pc scales, a broad absorption feature (FWZI = 360 km s−1) centred at the systemic velocity, and narrow absorption (FWZI = 6.6 km s−1) redshifted by 220 km s−1, both previously observed. Additionally, we detect a new blueshifted, broad, shallow absorption wing. At pc scales, the broad absorption at the systemic velocity is detected across the entire radio source while the shallow wing is only seen against part of the eastern lobe. The gas has higher H I column density along the eastern lobe than along the western one. The velocity dispersion of the gas is high (≥40 km s−1) along the entire radio continuum, and is highest (≥60 km s−1) in the region including the outflow and the radio hot spot. While we detect a velocity gradient along the western lobe and parts of the eastern lobe at PA ∼ 5° −10°, most of the gas along the rest of the eastern lobe exhibits no signs of rotation. Earlier optical spectroscopy suggests that the optical AGN is very weak. We therefore conclude that the radio lobes of 4C 31.04 are expanding into a circumnuclear disc, partially disrupting it and making the gas highly turbulent. The distribution of gas is predominantly smooth at the spatial resolution of ∼4 pc studied here. However, clumps of gas are also present, particularly along the eastern lobe. This lobe appears to be strongly interacting with the clouds and driving an outflow ∼35 pc from the radio core, with a mass-outflow rate of 0.3 ≤ Ṁ ≤ 1.4 M⊙ year−1. It is likely that this interaction has caused the eastern lobe to be rebrightened, giving the source an asymmetric morphology. We compare our observations with the predictions of a recent analytical model regarding the survival of atomic gas clouds in radio-jet-driven outflows and find that the existence of a subkpc-scale outflow in this case could imply inefficient mixing of the cold gas with the hot medium and high gas density, leading to very short cooling times. Overall, our study provides further evidence of the strong impact of radio jets on the cold interstellar medium (ISM) in the early stages of their evolution and supports the predictions of numerical simulations regarding jet–ISM interactions and the nature of the circumnuclear gas into which the jets expand.
Performance Characteristics of Silica fume based concrete made with Graphene Oxide
Authors: Reddy V. Mallikarjuna , Atkapuram Prashanth , Kumar C Vivek
Published: May 2024

Concrete is a strong and durable material with serviceability and long-lasting properties demand for concrete is increasing with the growth in the infrastructure globally, concrete is more robust in compression than tension, and lesser tensile strength can lead to reduced crack formation resistance. The utilization of concrete using nanoparticles is starting to show promise as a modern development to improve concrete’s properties, these materials range from 1-100 nm in size, can occupy a larger surface area, and play a significant role in the hydration process, the nanomaterials were available in various shapes, forms and dimensions, graphene oxide (GO) is an output from the oxidation process of the graphene material, graphene is one of the strongest material globally. The present study mainly focuses on the impact of GO on the M25 grade concrete’s strength and workability, made with Silica fume (SF) as the partial replacement for cement with the proportion of 5, 7.5, and 10% along with the addition of GO with 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% to the weight of cement, test results obtained were indicated that the 0.05% addition of GO shown optimum values.
Effect of Leachate containments on Clay liners
Authors: Guduru Swetha , P Selva Kumar , Jebarani J.P. Annie Sweetlin , Ravi S. Robert , Alabdeli Haider
Published: May 2024

Clayey soil is made up of extremely tiny clay particles that can be employed as a binding material and have a higher retention of water compared to other soils. A hydraulic barrier to fluid flow can be obtained by a clay liner. Clay liners serve a purpose in liner systems to regulate leachate release from the waste or in covering systems to reduce water infiltration. Long-term low hydraulic conductivity constitutes a demand for clay liners to accomplish these objectives. Clay liners were barriers designed to cover landfills and dispose of low and intermediate-level waste. clay sample of its index and engineering characteristics permeability will be examined in a laboratory. After adding Na, Cl (salts) and Mg,Cr,Zn,Pb (metals) at different percentages to the clay soil the Hydraulic conductivity and index characteristics are examined within lab conditions. The measured values of the sample’s including before and after the addition of chemicals at different percentages 0,2,4,6, and 8%, have been compared by the results of the present investigation.
Optimization of RHA and Cement proportion for soil stabilization
Authors: Raman Ravi Shankar , Lavanya C. , V Revathi , Nijhawan Ginni , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Mohammad Q. , Arora Sethi Vandana
Published: May 2024

The process of changing a soil’s physical characteristics to provide it long-term, permanent improvements in strength is known as soil stabilisation. Increasing a soil’s overall bearing capacity and shear strength is how stabilisation is achieved. After stabilisation, a solid monolith forms, reducing permeability and hence the possibility for shrinkage and swelling as well as the damaging impacts of freeze-thaw cycles. The goal of this study is to improve the physical characteristics of soils for better building results by investigating the potential of cement and rice husk ash (RHA) as soil stabilizing materials. Using RHA, a byproduct of milling rice, this study investigates alternate, environmentally friendly stabilization techniques with respect to the limits of traditional cement-based stabilization. The study assesses the impacts of different RHA and cement mixtures on soil’s Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index using a thorough experimental approach. The factorial experiment provides important insights into changes in soil plasticity over a 3x3 matrix under nine distinct settings. The results show that while larger RHA percentages considerably lower the Plasticity Index, indicating improved soil stability, increasing cement concentration generally rises the Liquid and Plastic Limits. The satisfactory combination, determined to be 15% RHA and 8% cement, presents a possible path closer to producing soil that is less plastic and more durable. This obseravtion helps to broaden sustainable, low-cost techniques of stabilizing soil at the same time as also shedding light on the synergistic impacts of cement and RHA on soil parameters.
Experimental Study on the Substitution of Waste Rubber Tyre Ash with Natural Sand in the Cement Concrete
Authors: Kumar Vinit , Kumar Munesh , Gupta Nakul , Prakash Akula , Raju T Hemanth , Nagpal Amandeep , Kumar Chandra Pradeep , Mohammad Q.
Published: May 2024

The importance of using recycled materials like rubber in construction materials is rising rapidly today. By incorporating used rubber into cement and mortar, we can save landfill space and reduce our dependence on natural resources. Rubber scrap can be mixed in as either fine or coarse aggregate. Add it to Portland cement for a stronger, more durable product (PC). This paper reviews the studies conducted so far on the feasibility of using waste rubber in place of conventional PC-based mortar and concrete’s natural fine aggregate. The strength and water-absorption capacity of materials made from ash from scrap rubber tyres were measured. Test results indicate that waste rubber ash was substitute with natural sand up 10% then strengths of the sample were enhanced after increasing the content of waste rubber tyre ash then strength was decreased. Water absorption capacity of samples was improved as increased the content of waste rubber tyre ash into concrete mix.
Correlation of Mechanical and Durability Properties of Binary and Ternary Blended High-performance Concrete
Authors: G Sreelekshmi , B Sankar , D Ramesh Kumar , Kumar Ashish
Published: May 2024

High-performance concrete is a specialized type of concrete renowned for its exceptional strength, durability, and resilience to various environmental stresses. Typically it’s crafted using a combination of two or three supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in precise proportions to achieve specific performance attributes. Ternary blended concrete, for instance, incorporates three different SCMs alongside Portland cement. This study delved into the relationship between mechanical and durability aspects of high-performance concrete. Durability measures including electrical resistivity, water absorption, porosity, chloride penetration, and carbonation were analyzed alongside the compressive strength of various concrete mixes. The findings indicate that ternary blended concrete displays superior electrical resistivity, lower water absorption, reduced critical pore size, decreased chloride diffusion coefficient, and slower corrosion rate compared to binary mixes. Power correlations were conducted on these durability parameters, revealing a positive correlation between compressive strength and durability properties.
Solar driven hydrogen and oxygen production for cooking and medical applications
Authors: Jomon Joyal , Shabu Jeethu , Jose Melvina , Victoria Yujin Navya , Alex Linss T.
Published: May 2024

The initiative for solar-driven hydrogen and oxygen production for cooking and medical applications is designed to revolutionize our approach to energy-intensive activities. This project integrates three crucial components: solar power generation, hydrogen and oxygen gas separation and storage, and the application of these gases for cooking and medical purposes. Through the use of solar panels, the project captures sunlight and converts it into electrical energy, fundamentally departing from conventional energy sources with its clean and renewable approach. The electrolyzer, powered by the harvested solar energy, then facilitates the separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen gasses, both stored meticulously in separate containers with stringent safety measures in place. The innovative aspect lies in the utilization of these clean gasses as a sustainable fuel source for cooking and medical applications. When these gasses combust, they recombine to form water vapour, releasing energy without the emission of harmful by-products. By emphasizing clean energy practices, this project significantly diminishes the carbon footprint associated with traditional cooking methods, offering a promising and ecofriendly alternative for households and communities. The success of this solar-driven hydrogen and oxygen production initiative holds the potential to transform our energy landscape, making strides towards a more sustainable and environmentally conscious future.
Enhancing Wind Energy Potential Assessment with Three-Parameter Weibull Distribution: A Comparative Analysis using MATLAB
Authors: K Kannakumar , M K Murthi , G Ravivarman , Babu D Magesh , Babu Loganathan Ganesh , R Karthikeyan , R Girimurugan
Published: May 2024

To determine the wind energy potential, the probability density function is typically used. For data distribution with modest wind speeds, this paper developed a three-parameter Weibull model. The distribution factors were determined using the maximal likelihood technique. The world renowned, user-friendly programming language Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) processes all data that needs analysis. A comparison was made between the 3-factor Weibull, the 2-factor Weibull, and Rayleigh through R2 and root mean square error (RMSE). The ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA 5) reanalysis's hourly wind speeds are statistically represented by these three distributions. Due to its placement between the optimal R2 and RMSE, the three-parameter Weibull model achieves good results. Weibull with three parameters has a R2 of 0.9898, Weibull with two parameters has a R2 of 0.9886, and Rayleigh has a R2 of 0.5162. The root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) for Rayleigh, 2-factor and 3-factor Weibull, are 0.0082 and
0.0070, respectively.
India Analysis of Scope of Wind-Energy Development in India
Authors: Nagpal Amandeep , K Aravinda , M R Haritha , Harika Ala , Chandra Pradeep Kumar , Adnan Myasar Mundher , Singh Shivani
Published: May 2024

Energy is essential to the nation's economic growth and to raising the standard of living for its citizens. Following its independence, India invested a great deal of resources in expanding its energy potential. As a result, the nation's capacity for generation has grown significantly. Everyone is aware of the environmental risks associated with traditional energy generating. India has thus been planning the development of environmentally friendly renewable-energy generation via solar, hydroelectric, and wind-energy sources. Renewable-energy has received particular attention, even though the nation primarily generates its energy from natural gas and coal. India ranks fourth among the nations that produce wind power this essay has honestly attempted to provide a brief synopsis of the global and Indian developments in wind-energy from the late 20th century to the present. It also examines the results of some global studies conducted on a range of topics related to this industry. One can get a sense of the current state of the wind-energy development project after reading this document.
VISSIM Based Traffic Flow Simulation Analysis on Road Network
Authors: Prakash Akula , Ravinder Rathod , Vittalaiah A. , Krishna Munipally Sai , Al-Farouni Mohammed H.
Published: May 2024

The urban transport system is a heterogeneous system and is in serious trouble. Traffic congestion has become a major socio-economic problem in both urban and rural areas. Traffic congestion is managed through signage, interchanges, and road widening. Traffic analysis remains a difficult task, especially in countries like India where the number of vehicles is constantly increasing and the roads are increasingly busy, because it is difficult to generate alternatives. Traffic simulation systems such as PTV VISSIM are tools dedicated to the analysis of traffic problems. VISSIM is a simulation software that is widely used to create simulations in dynamic traffic situations before evaluating traffic conditions and creating a realistic plan. Dynamic simulation of traffic flow using VISSIM and appropriate techniques to reduce traffic congestion. The main objective is to examine the study area and prepare a sample for it to find out the root causes of the traffic problem and give the necessary suggestions to solve the problem.