bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of the Sale and Purchase Agreement for Online Business People in Bone Regency
Authors: Yusriadi Yusriadi
Published: April 2019

The influence of globalization and economic growth in business activities, the existence of buying and selling rules is a new paradigm for the implementation of the law in Indonesia. In business activities, it is never separated from the problem of an agreement. Actually, buying and selling agreements can be made online that are made on the basis of mutual trust. But the fact is that if a problem occurs in the future, we cannot do much to solve is related to the problem of the agreement that has been done before. This research was conducted in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province. This study uses a normative approach combined with a sociological approach to see the reality in the field. The research informants consisted of 10 online traders and 10 consumers, data collection techniques used questionnaire and interview systems. Based on the results of research on the effectiveness of buying and selling agreements by online traders in Bone Regency, they are considered effective. The factors that influence the effectiveness of buying and selling agreements by online traders are knowledge, trust, and habits
GAMBARAN TINGKAT ASUPAN GIZI ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 06 SALATIGA
Authors: Nugroho Kristiawan P.A. , Sanubari Theresia P.E. , Rosalina Stephanie
Published: April 2019

Anak usia sekolah merupakan kelompok usia yang mengalami proses tumbuh kembang secara pesat, sehingga diperlukan asupan gizi yang adekuat dan sesuai untuk mendukung proses tersebut. Apabila anak tidak mendapatkan asupan gizi yang adekuat dan sesuai kebutuhan, maka dapat memicu masalah gangguan gizi dan risiko penyakit lainnya yang dapat berpengaruh buruk secara berkelanjutan pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak hingga dewasa kelak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan asupan gizi anak usia sekolah di SD Negeri 06 Salatiga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data observasional, pengukuran IMT, dan food record. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa sekolah dasar kelas 4 – 5 yang dipilih secara acak (random sampling) dan mengisi kuesioner food record 3 hari berurutan secara lengkap. Aplikasi nutrisurvey dan WHO Anthro Plus digunakan untuk menganalisis data asupan gizi dan IMT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asupan gizi responden tergolong kurang dari AKG (Angka Kecukupan Gizi), yakni <80% , meskipun sebagian besar responden berstatus gizi normal. Makanan yang kerap dikonsumsi oleh responden adalah makanan dengan tinggi kalori dan tinggi gula.

Kata kunci: anak usia sekolah, asupan gizi, angka kecukupan gizi, status gizi

School-age children are an age group that is experiencing a rapid growth and development, so the adequate and appropriate nutritional intake is needed to support that process. If the child does not get the nutritional intake as they needed, it can trigger nutritional problems and the risk of the other diseases that can adversely affect the growth and development of children to adulthood later. The purpose of this study is to describe school-age children’s nutritional intake in 06 States Elementary School Salatiga. The method that used in this research was decriptive quantitative research method with observational data collection, BMI measurements and food record questionnaire. The subjects studied were elementary school students in grades 4-5 who were randomly selected and have Þ lled in a complete 3-day food record questionnaire. Nutrisurvey and WHO Anthro Plus software are used to analyzed nutritional intake data and BMI. This study shows that respondents’ nutritional intake was less than the supposed Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), which is <80%, even though their nutritional status were normal. Food that is frequently consumed by respondents is high-calorie and high-sugar food.

Keywords: school-age children, nutritional intake, recommended dietary allowances, nutritional status
POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN SALAM (SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM) SEBAGAI PENGAWET PADA IKAN LAYUR (TRICHIURUS SP)
Authors: Susilowati Indah Tri , Harningsih Tri
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAK

Ikan layur merupakan salah satu sumber protein hewani yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat. Pengawetan  dengan  metode  penggaraman  tidak  direkomendasikan karena  beberapa  bakteri  dan jamur  masih  dapat  bertahan  hidup  dan  tidak  baik dikonsumsi oleh penderita hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak daun salam sebagai pengawet pada ikan layur. Penelitian berdasarkan analitik eksperimental meliputi pemeriksaan kadar protein metode Kjedahl dan pemeriksaan Angka Lempeng Total metode cawan agar tuang di Laboratorium Chem- mix Pratama Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan perendaman ikan layur dalam ekstrak daun salam dengan variasi konsentrasi yaitu 0%, 3%, 5%, 7% dan 9% selama 15 menit. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi  ekstrak  daun  salam  maka  semakin  tinggi  pula  kadar protein ikan tetapi hasil Angka Lempeng Total mengalami penurunan. Analisis data  menggunakan  uji  Spearman  dan  diperoleh pengaruh antara sampel dan kadar protein dengan tingkat hubungan sangat kuat dengan arah korelasi positif (r = 0,947). Terdapat pengaruh sangat kuat antara sampel dan Angka Lempeng Total. Sampel ikan layur yang direndam dengan ekstrak daun salam dalam konsentrasi 7% lebih banyak  disukai anelis  dari  segi  tekstur, aroma  dan rasa. Ada  pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak daun salam sebagai pengawet pada ikan layur.

 

Kata kunci : ikan layur, ekstrak daun salam, kadar protein, Angka Lempeng Total

 

 

ABSTRACT

Layur fish is one source of animal protein that is widely consumed by the public. Preservation by salting method is not recommended because some bacteria and fungi can still survive and not be consumed by people with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the use of bay leaf extract as a preservative in fish Layur. The research is based on the experimental analytic sudy of the examination of protein levels and inspection methods Kjedahl, total plate count in order to pour plate method in Chem-mix Pratama Laboratory Yogyakarta. The research carried out by soaking the fish in the bay leaf extract with various of concentration is 0 % , 3 % , 5 % , 7 % and 9

% for 15 minutes. The higher concentration of bay leaf extract, the higher protein content of the fish but the results of total plate count decreased. The data were analyzed by the Spearman test and gained influence between the sample and protein level with the aim of positive correlation (r = 0.947). There is also a strong influence between the sample and the total plate count. Layur fish samples were soaked with bay leaf extracts in concentrations 7% more preferred by the panelists in terms of texture, smell and flavor. There is the influence of the use of bay leaf extract as a preservative in fish Layur.

 

Keywords: fish layur, bay leaf extract, protein levels, total plate count
PENERAPAN EKO-EFISIENSI PADA PROSES PENGEMASAN TAHU DENGAN PENAMBAHAN CHITOSAN UNTUK MEMPERPANJANG MASA SIMPAN TAHU
Authors: Sudaryantiningsih Cicik , Pambudi Yonathan Suryo
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAK Eko-efisiensi atau produksi bersih merupakan suatu strategi yang menghasilkan suatu produk dengan kinerja yang kebih baik, menggunakan sedikit energi dan sumber daya alam untuk mengurangi limbah. Strategi ini bertujuan mencegah terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan dan mengurangi terbentuknya limbah pada sumbernya sehingga dapat meminimalisasi resiko terhadap kesehatan dan keselamatan manusia serta kerusakan lingkungan. produksi bersih pada proses industri dapat pula diartikan mengganti penggunaan bahan-bahan berbahaya dan beracun. Salah satu cara menerapkan produksi bersih pada proses produksi tahu adalah dengan menambahkan bahan pengawet alami, misalnya chitosan pada proses pengemasan tahu.Chitosan merupakan produk turunan dari polimer chitin yakni produk samping limbah dari pengolahan industri perikanan, khususnya udang, kepiting dan rajungan. Penelitian  bertujuan  untuk  mengetahui  pengaruh  larutan  kitosan  pada  kemasan  tahu  terhadap daya tahan tahu. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Perlakuan dilakukan dengan menambahkan larutan chitosan pada kemasan tahu. Konsentrasi larutan adalah 2 gr/liter; 4 gr/liter, dan 6 gr/liter. Analisa daya tahan tahu dilakukan dengan uji fisik kondisi tahu dibandingkan dengan tahu yang tidak diawetkan, dan uji kesukaan.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah larutan chitosan mampu mempertahan kesegaran tahu hingga lebih dari 4 hari. Sedangkan konsentrasi larutan yang paling baik untuk bahan pemgawet adalah konsentrasi 4 gr/ liter.   Kata kunci: eko-efisiensi, chitosan, daya tahan     ABSTRACT Eco-efficiency or cleaner production is a strategy to result a product with low energy and human resources-usage but high in benefit to reduce waste. This strategy aims to prevent ecological impact and to reduce wastes production, thus minimalize the risk to health and safety to human being. Cleaner product in industrial process is also defined as replacing the use of toxic and dangerous material. One of the way to apply cleaner production in the tofu production is by adding natural preservation to the packaging of the product. Chitosan is a derived product of chitin polimer; side product of fishery industry, especially prawn, shrimp, and crab. This research aims to know the impact of chitosan to durability of the tofu packaging. The method is descriptive quantitative. Technique used this research is by adding chitosan in concentration of 2 gr/liter; 4 gr/liter, dan 6 gr/liter to the tofu pakcaging. Data of durability of the tofu packaging is analized by physical test compared to the original tofu, and organoleptic test. The result showed that chitosan is able to sustain the freshness of the tofu for more than 4 days. While the best chitosan in concentration of 4 gr/liter.   Keywords: eco-eficiency, chitosan, durability
Structure cristalline de la curiénite Pb (UO2)2 (VO4)2 • 5H2O
Authors: Borène Jacques , Cesbron Fabien
Published: April 2019

The crystal structure of curienite, natural lead uranyl-vanadate, has been solved using three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data obtained with an automatic diffractometer. The space group is Pcan and the final R factor is 0.118 with anisotropic thermal parameters for the cations and isotropic factors for the oxygen atoms.

The crystal is built up by [(UO₂)₂ V₂O₈] [n times, charged 2n-] slabs parallel to (001) which contain symmetry centers. Lead atoms, lying between these slabs, are surrounded by four water molecules, two oxygen atoms belonging to two VO₅ pyramids and two oxygen atoms belonging to two uranyl groups. The fifth water molecule seems to be interstitial.

A comparison is made between the stacking modes of the uranyl-vanadate slabs in the various known structures.
Les bronzes oxyfluorés NaxV2O5-yFy. Structure cristalline de la phase limite Na V2O4F α' (x=y= 1)
Authors: Carpy Alain , Galy Jean
Published: April 2019

α'-NaV₂O₄F crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with parameters a = 11.318 Å, b = 3.609 Å, c = 4.802 Å and space group D¹³/2h Pmmn. The sodium atoms are inserted between (V₂O₄F) [n-layers, charged 2n⁻]. The vanadium atoms are at the center of anionic square pyramids. The structural relationships between α'-Na V₂O₄F, V₂O₅, α and α'-NaₓV₂O₅ are determined.
La hakite, un nouveau minéral du groupe de la tétraédrite
Authors: Johan Zdenek , Kvacek Milan
Published: April 2019

Cubique, isotype de la tétraédrite, a = 10,88 ± 0,01 Å ; Z = 8, dx = 6,3. Les raies les plus intenses du diagramme de poudre sont : 3,140(10) ; 2,910 (7) ; 1,985 (7) ; 1,925 (9) ; 1,639 (8) Å. Les analyses chimiques (microsonde électronique) donnent : Cu 26,6 (26,6) ; Hg 15,3 (14,3) ; Sb 15,5 (19,1) ; As 3,2 (0,7) ; Se 34,0 (38,5) ; S 3,5 (0,0) ; totaux 98,1 (99,2). Elles conduisent aux formules (Cu, Hg)₂ (Sb (Se,S)₃,₂₅ resp. (Cu, Hg)₃SbSe₃. En lumière refléchie, couleur blanc crème à brun clair, isotrope. Pouvoir réflecteur : 32,8-31,5 (4200 Å) ; 33,6-33,2 (6400 Å). Microdureté Vickers : 352 kg/mm² (P = 20 g) ; 306 kg/mm² (P = 40 g). Trouvé dans un filon de calcite, avec les autres séléniures, à Predborice, Bohême, Tchécoslovaquie. Le nom est donné en l'honneur de J. Hak.
La bariandite, nouvel oxyde hydraté de vanadium (IV) et (V)
Authors: Cesbron Fabien , Vachey Hélène
Published: April 2019

Bariandite a new hydrated vanadium oxide IV and V.

Bariandite V₂O₄ • 4V₂O₅ • 12H₂O was found in mineralized sandstones of the uranium-vanadium deposit at Mounana, Gabon, associated with duttonite VO (OH)₂ and lenoblite V₂O₄ • 2H₂O. It is monoclinic, pseudo-orthorhombic, with a = 11.70 Å, b = 3.63 Å, c = 29.06 Å, β = 101° 30' and Z = 2 ; space group : Cc or C2 lc. Bariandite is distinguishable from corvusite V₂O₄ • 6V₂O₅ • nH₂O by its powder pattern : 14.20 Å (vvs) 002 ; 5.72 (m) 200-20[-2] ; 3.480 (s) 110-11[-1] ; 3.430 (s) 111-11[-2] ; 2.852 (m) 400-40[-4].

Crystals are elongated on [010] with a perfect cleavage (001). The measured specific gravity is 2.7 and the refractive indices greater than 1.85. The chemical analysis gave : V₂O₅ = 63.26 %, V₂O₄ = 14.19 %, Fe₂O₃ = 0.17 % Al₂O₃ = 3.75 %, H₂O = 18.11 %, sum = 100,08 %.

At 20° C, composition V₂O₄ . 4V₂O₅ • 12H₂O is obtained, under partial pressure of water vapour, betweed 14 and 5 mm Hg. Differential thermal analysis curve shows two endothermic breaks at 100° C and 135° C (dehydration) and another at 676° C corresponding to melting of V₂O₅
ONE FUNCTIONAL OPERATOR INVERSION FORMULA
Authors: Plaschinsky P.
Published: April 2019

Some results about inversion formula of functional operator with generalized dilation are given. By means of commutative Banach algebra theory the explicit form of inversion operator is expressed. Some commutative Banach algebras with countable generator systems are constructed, their maximal ideal spaces are investigated.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT IN LARGE COMPANIES IN COLOMBIA
Authors: Blanco-Mesa Fabio , Rivera-Rubiano Julieth , Patiño-Hernandez Xiomara , Martinez-Montaña Maribel
Published: April 2019

The main aim of this paper is to establish that essential aspects are determinant in the enterprise risk identification (ERI) and the existing interrelationship between each corporate risk goals, in the large companies of Colombia. Study proposes a parametric analysis and a non-parametric. The first uses correlation matrices for statistical analysis, a multiple linear regression statistical tools to identify that essential aspects are determinant in the (ERI). The second proposes a new aggregation called the Bonferroni Induced Ordered Weighted Average Adequacy Coefficient (BON-IHOWAAC) operator and Bonferroni Induced Ordered Weighted Average the Maximum and Minimum level (BON-IHOWAIMAM) to establish the existing interrelationship between each corporate risk goals using the risk management information and manager perception. Of the results obtained is highlighted that for all economic sectors; first, control measures are highlighted in the (ERI) and second, the goal with the greatest interrelationship for the other ones to be achieved is protect people. Finally, the study concludes with a holistic analysis of the importance that executive team gives to the management of risks from the prioritization of objectives and the use of tools for the treatment of information to improve the process of decisions-making in uncertain contexts.
Outer Limits of the Habitable Zones in Terms of Climate Mode and Climate Evolution of Earth-like Planets
Authors: Kadoya S. , Tajika E.
Published: April 2019

We investigate the climate modes and climate evolution of Earth-like planets—specifically planets that receive lower insolation than the present Earth—to discuss the outer limits of the habitable zones (HZs) associated with main-sequence stars. The HZ outer limit is discussed in terms of the insolation above which a planet maintains liquid water on its surface (e.g., warm climate). We call this a “warm start limit.” However, an alternative outer limit exists above which a planet characterized by a snowball climate transitions to a warm climate, which we call a “cold start limit.” The cold start limit is determined by two different mechanisms: condensation of CO2 and maximum CO2 greenhouse effect. The threshold insolation is always higher than the warm start limit. We find that for the initial few billion years following the formation of a planetary system, the location of its outer HZ limit does not evolve away from the initial warm start limit. It subsequently moves in accordance with the evolution of the cold start limit. We also find that when the luminosity increase of the central star is slow relative to the decrease in the CO2 degassing rate, the location of the outer limit of the HZ may even move inward. We conclude that the cold start limit should be treated as the outer limit of the HZ given the prevailing uncertainties, including the evolution of the CO2 degassing rate and continental growth.
High Gas Fraction in a CO-detected Main-sequence Galaxy at z > 3
Authors: Gowardhan Avani , Riechers Dominik , Pavesi Riccardo , Daddi Emanuele , Dannerbauer Helmut , Neri Roberto
Published: April 2019

We report NOrthern Extended Millimetre Array (NOEMA) observations of warm molecular gas traced by CO(5 − 4) in a

z
∼
3.2

gas-rich main-sequence (MS) galaxy, initially serendipitously detected in CO(3 − 2) emission in “blind” deep NOEMA observations. Our target shows a gas excitation consistent with that seen in

z
∼
1.5

MS galaxies (

L

CO
(
5
−
4
)

′

/

L

CO

(
3
−
2
)

′

=
0.41
±
0.14

), albeit toward the low end, as well as a similar star formation efficiency based on the CO(3 − 2) line luminosity and the

L

IR

. However, it shows a high molecular gas fraction (

f

gas

=
0.9
±
0.2

) as compared to

z
∼
1.5

MS galaxies (

f

gas

∼
0.42

), consistent with a cosmologically increasing gas fraction beyond

z
≳
3

and our current understanding of scaling relations between z,

f

gas

, the stellar mass M
*, and the specific star formation rate. Our results are consistent with recent findings by the COLDz and ASPECS molecular line scan surveys, and suggest that deep searches for CO emission are a powerful means to identify gas-rich, star-forming galaxies at high redshift.
Generalized Warped Disk Equations
Authors: Martin Rebecca G. , Lubow Stephen H. , Pringle J. E. , Franchini Alessia , Zhu Zhaohuan , Lepp Stephen , Nealon Rebecca , Nixon C. J. , Vallet David
Published: April 2019

The manner in which warps in accretion disks evolve depends on the magnitude of the viscosity. For small viscosity (α < H/R), the warp evolves in a wave-like manner; for large viscosity, H/R < α ≪ 1, it evolves diffusively. Here, α is the viscosity parameter and H/R is the disk aspect ratio. Currently there is no simple set of equations that describes the evolution in both regimes. In this paper, we describe a possible solution to this problem and introduce a set of one-dimensional equations that describe the evolution of a warped disk that are applicable in both high- and low-viscosity regimes for arbitrary tilts, but small warps.
Utilização de aipo em pó (aipium graveolens) no processamento de linguiça toscana
Authors: Benedicti Carolina Magalhães , Dos Santos Larissa Da Rocha , Droval Adriana Aparecida
Published: April 2019

O sal de cura, nitrato e nitrito de sódio e/ou potássio, são componentes essenciais na conservação de produtos cárneos, entretanto, seu uso é discutível devido ao seu efeito adverso cumulativo. Objetivou-se neste trabalho substituir o nitrito de sódio por aipo em pó, no processamento de linguiça frescal toscana. Foram desenvolvidas seis formulações, segundo um delineamento de mistura para dois fatores, e submeteu-se a análises físico-químicas de pH e cor objetiva, e microbiológicas. Nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados apresentaram diferença estatística (p<0,05) e estavam dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela RDC nº 12 para as análises microbiológicas. A formulação otimizada, ensaio 3 (50% nitrito de sódio e 50% de aipo em pó) e uma formulação contendo 100% de aipo em pó (ensaio 2), foram submetidas ao armazenamento por 11 dias, e foram determinadas análises físico-químicas (pH, cor e oxidação lipídica). O s valores de pH apresentaram uma redução em relação ao tempo de armazenamento, do 1º para 11º dia. Entretanto, não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. Em relação a análise de cor, observou-se que o ensaio 2, apresentou um aumento no valor de L* e uma diminuição no valor de b* comparando os intervalos de 1 e 11 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. Já o ensaio 3, apresentou diferença significativa somente na variável b*. A linguiça contendo apenas aipo em pó apesar de ter apresentado um valor menor para oxidação lipídica (0,493 mg de MDA/Kg), não diferiu estatisticamente da formulação otimizada que continha o nitrito de sódio (0,695 mg de MDA/Kg).
In vitro resistance of enterococcus faecium and lactobacillus helveticus against stress conditions, sodium chloride and curing salts: preliminary study aimed application as starter culture in fermented sausage
Authors: Carvalho Catharina Calochi Pires de , Santos Vidiany Aparecida Queiroz , Werle Catierine Hirsch , Gomes Raquel Gutierres , Hoffmann Fernando Leitte
Published: April 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 8459) and Lactobacillus helveticus (ATCC 15009) in vitro resistance against stress conditions (acidity and bile salts); curing salts (sodium nitrate and nitrite) and sodium chloride, aiming application as starter culture in fermented sausage. Acid resistance test was carried out at pH values (3, 4 and 5) and bile salts (0, 0.15 and 0.30%), both monitored at times 0 and 4 hours. For resistance to curing salts was used concentration of 0.1% and sodium chloride concentrations tested were 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus helveticus were resistant to bile salts; however, E. faecium was more sensitive to acidity. In presence of sodium chloride and curing salts, Lactobacillus helveticus showed the highest sensitivity. Both microorganisms had satisfactory results for this test, indicating that they may be used as starter culture in the preparation of meat products, such as fermented sausages. Moreover, these products composition may affect positively the starter culture viability in final product.
Avaliação química e sensorial de barras de cereais elaboradas com diferentes teores de farinha de yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)
Authors: Mendes Marianne Louise Marinho , Silva Ingrid Paula De Oliveira , Silva Ana Carla Correia da , Siqueira André Filipe Lopes de , Messias Cristhiane Maria Bazílio de Omena
Published: April 2019

As mudanças no processamento e a crescente exigência do consumidor por alimentos que apresentem, além da alta qualidade sensorial e nutricional, benefícios associados à saúde, fazem surgir a necessidade de novos ingredientes que possam atender a estas exigências do mercado. O interesse mundial na produção da batata yacon, principalmente pelas indústrias alimentícias e farmacêuticas, deve-se ao fato dessa raiz tuberosa ser considerada um alimento funcional, apresentando em sua composição compostos bioativos que oferecem benefícios à saúde. Objetivos: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar a farinha de yacon como ingrediente na elaboração de barras de cereais. Materiais e métodos: Foram elaboradas três formulações P, F1 e F2, sendo a aveia em flocos da barra padrão (P), substituída em 10% (F1) e 20% (F2) por farinha de yacon. As três formulações foram analisadas quanto à composição química, a aceitação sensorial e a intenção de compra, por meio do pacote estatístico SPSS. Resultados: As barras das formulações F1 e F2 apresentaram propriedades químicas e de aceitação semelhantes as da formulação padrão. A barra com 20 % de farinha de yacon (F2), apresentou redução do valor calórico, aumento nos percentuais do índice de aceitação, quanto aos atributos cor (73,3%) e sabor (72,2%), e maior intenção de compra (76,1%). Conclusão: Portanto, a farinha de yacon pode ser utilizada como ingrediente na formulação de barras de cereais, fornecendo alem de propriedades funcionais, características sensoriais e químicas favoráveis.
Batumi Raptor Count: autumn raptor migration count data from the Batumi bottleneck, Republic of Georgia
Authors: Wehrmann Jasper , de Boer Folkert , Benjumea Rafa , Cavaillès Simon , Engelen Dries , Jansen Johannes , Verhelst Brecht , Vansteelant Wouter M.G.
Published: April 2019

One of the most important geographical bottlenecks for migrating raptors in the east African-Palearctic migration system is situated between the easternmost tip of the Black Sea and the Lesser Caucasus, just north of Batumi, in the Republic of Georgia. Since 2008, citizen scientists of the Batumi Raptor Count (BRC) have monitored the autumn raptor passage daily from mid-August until mid-October, collecting also detailed information about the age and sex of focal species. The full BRC dataset was recently made available through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Here we describe how count data were collected, managed, and processed for trend analysis over the past 10 years. This dataset offers a unique baseline for monitoring the state of migrant raptor populations in the east African-Palearctic flyway in the 21st century. We discuss potential pitfalls for users and hope that the open access publication of our data will stimulate flyway-scale and continent-wide collaboration for raptor migration monitoring in the Old World.
The sea cucumber Holothuria lineata Ludwig, 1875 (Holothuroidea, Aspidochirotida, Holothuriidae) re-described from the newly found type
Authors: Samyn Yves , Massin Claude , Vandenspiegel Didier
Published: April 2019

A re-description of the little-known holothurian species Holothuria (Lessonothuria) lineata Ludwig, 1875 is given. It is based on the single recovered type specimen and an individual recently collected on Glorioso Islands, near Madagascar. A key to separate three closely related and commonly confused species, i.e., Holothuria (Lessonothuria) pardalis Selenka, 1867, Holothuria (Lessenothuria) verrucosa Selenka, 1867 and Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis Ludwig, 1875, is presented.
Maize meal slurry mixing: an economical recipe for precise aflatoxin quantitation
Authors: Kumphanda J. , Matumba L. , Whitaker T.B. , Kasapila W. , Sandahl J.
Published: April 2019

The laboratory sample preparation for mycotoxin determination in cereals, often overlooked among sampling plans and analytical methods, was further studied. The precision of aflatoxin analysis in comminuted maize samples using 25 g slurry (prepared from 250 g test portion of comminuted maize, water/matrix (1+1, v/w)) and 12.5 g dry grind test portion were compared against the conventional 50 g dry grind test portion through replicated (10) Aflatest® immunoaffinity fluorometric tests of naturally contaminated samples with aflatoxin concentration ranging from 4.9 to 81.7 μg/kg. The overall mean aflatoxin concentration obtained from the 10 different samples tested using 12.5 g and 50.0 g dry grind procedures was 12% significantly (P<0.05) lower (poorer) compared to 25 g slurry. The sample preparation plus analytical variance associated with testing 25.0 g slurry, 50.0 g dry grind and 12.5 g dry grind test portions were in the ratio of 1:5:15, respectively.
Contribución al análisis sociológico de la creatividad y la digitalización del campo cultural: creación, intermediación y crisis
Authors: Rius-Ulldemolins Joaquim , Pecourt Juan , Rubio Arostegui Juan Arturo
Published: April 2019

La llamada transición al paradigma digital está erosionando la autonomía del campo cultural que se había conseguido durante los siglos XIX y XX, subyugándolo a las dinámicas económicas y tecnológicas. Sin embargo, el discurso hegemónico tiende a interpretar esta como un proceso netamente positivo para la creatividad, centrando la atención en el aumento de la disponibilidad de recursos informativos y de herramientas para la creación. No obstante, un análisis desde las teorías y los conceptos de la sociología de la cultura nos revela un balance más ambivalente. Si bien la noción de autoría y creación puede ser interpretada desde un punto de vista más cooperativo y relativista, es discutible que pueda ser eliminada. Además, si bien el análisis de la intermediación cultural debe tener en cuenta el papel más complejo y activo de los intermediarios, difícilmente se puede concebir el sistema cultural sin su existencia. En definitiva, el artículo se propone contrastar los discursos sobre la transición a lo digital con las teorías clásicas y contemporáneas de la sociología de la cultura para, de este modo, plantear futuras líneas de investigación sociológica sobre las consecuencias en los agentes y en la industria cultural en su conjunto. Con ello se pretende generar una perspectiva neutral que tenga en consideración los efectos sociales y sistémicos de la tecnología en la creatividad de los sectores culturales.
El herbario de variedades de vid de Simón de Rojas Clemente y otras aportaciones. Valor científico y utilidad sociocultural de su legado
Authors: Martínez María Carmen , Gago Pilar , Santiago José Luis , Boso Susana , Velayos Mauricio
Published: April 2019

Desde la antigüedad han destacado las aportaciones españolas al ámbito de la caracterización de las variedades de vid, sobresaliendo entre todas ellas, las realizadas por Simón de Rojas Clemente y Rubio en los inicios del siglo XIX, quien llegó al ámbito de la vid de una manera casual y gracias a una historia rocambolesca, digna de una novela de aventuras. Este autor está considerado como el creador de una disciplina científica, la ampelografía, que se ocupa de la caracterización de la vid (Vitis vinifera L.). Desarrolló el primer método científico de descripción de las vides, determinando los órganos de la planta que debían ser medidos y analizados, el momento del ciclo vegetativo en que debía tomarse cada dato en cada órgano, el modo de hacerlo o los detalles que debían ser estudiados en cada uno. Propuso incluso una terminología, hasta entonces inexistente, para referirse a cada una de las partes de las hojas de vid, las flores, los racimos, las bayas, las semillas o los sarmientos. Describió con precisión las variantes morfológicas, de tamaño, de color, de presencia o ausencia y tipo de pelos, etc., que pueden encontrarse en cada uno de los órganos de esta planta. El desarrollo de este método científico está basado en las variedades de vid recogidas y estudiadas por Clemente en Andalucía entre 1803 y 1804, cuyos resultados se publicaron en 1807 en su obra Ensayo sobre las variedades de vid que vegetan en Andalucía. En el Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid se conserva el material vegetal herborizado (hojas y pámpanos) de cada una de estas variedades estudiadas y cuyos resultados se incluyen en el citado libro. Este herbario, con 186 pliegos, puede ser considerado el más antiguo del mundo de variedades de vid cultivadas, con 214 años de antigüedad. Además de ser la base para la creación de la citada disciplina científica es reflejo de la diversidad existente a principios del siglo XIX en Andalucía en este cultivo. Es por todo ello un material de alto valor científico, museístico y sociocultural.
Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (XXI)
Authors: Fernández J.
Published: April 2019

La lista anual incluye en esta ocasión 580 táxones nuevos aparecidos en 309 referencias bibliográficas publicadas principalmente en 2017 y 2018. Comprende 463 especies, 69 géneros o subgéneros, 35 categorías supragenéricas, 12 subespecies y una categoría infrasubespecífica procedentes del área considerada.
Distortion of Velocity Profiles of Water Flow with Heavy Molecular Weight Polymers
Authors: Edomwonyi-Otu Lawrence C.
Published: April 2019

Transportation of fluids in pipelines is common in many industrial processes. The energy requirements for this transport is high because of the need to overcome the occurring frictional pressure drop or drag. However, the addition of high molecular weight polymers to fluid flows has been known to cause a reduction in the frictional pressure drop. It has also been reported to cause other changes in the flow including changes in the turbulence characteristics, holdup as well as asymmetry of the velocity profiles. In this work some experimental results are presented in order to gain better insight into the deviations from axisymmetry of velocity profiles of water flow in pipes when drag reducing agents are added. Drag reduction studies were carried out in a horizontal 14mmID acrylic pipe with hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and different molecular weights polyethylene oxide used as additives in fully developed flows. Asymmetry was observed at both transitional and turbulent flow regimes for all tested polymer types and it increased with molecular weights. While the molecular weight and degree of formation of entanglements and aggregates of the polymer fibers are indicated as the causes of the observed profile asymmetry, the contribution of system/setup imperfections can be ruled out.
Application of a New Design and Calculation Technology for Improving the Blading Section of the Engine with Turbine Supercharger
Authors: Passar Andrey V. , Tymoshenko D.V. , Faleeva E.V.
Published: April 2019

The existing methods of design and calculating the gas-dynamic characteristics of turbo-machines do not allow an accurate computation of parameters of a turbo compressor unit as part of a compound internal-combustion engine. The evaluation of a new design and estimation method for the blading section of the turbine of the turbocharged engine was carried out in this paper. The developed technology was used to design impellers for radial-axial turbines of a turbocharged engine operating in various modes. The features of these turbines are presented in the steady and unsteady stream. As a result of the application of the new design and calculating technology, the following data was obtained: the parameters of the turbine design mode as part of a turbocharged engine; the blading section of the turbine TKR-14 of the turbocharger. As a part of a turbocharged engine, this blading section will allow the unsteady action from the piston part to operate more efficiently than the standard turbine of the 6 CHN 18/22 (Russian Marine Diesel) engine. The computation of turbine performance characteristics in a steady stream showed that a decrease in the geometric dimensions at the inlet and outlet of the impeller leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the turbine and an increase in its effective power. The computation of performance characteristics of a turbine as part of the turbocharged engine showed that reducing the height of the impeller blades causes scavenging duration reduction, an increase in a pressure drop on scavenging, an increase in pressure in the exhaust pipeline, an increase in the efficiency of the turbine and its effective power. Comparison of these characteristics with experimental data proves the adequacy of the applied technology.
Soret and Dufour’s Effect on Non-Darcy Natural Convection Flow of Buongiorno Nanofluid over a Vertical Plate in a Porous Medium in the Presence of Viscous Dissipation
Authors: Aghbari Anis , Ali Agha Hamza , Sadaoui D. , Mouloud Smail
Published: April 2019

A numerical analysis was performed to study the effects of combined double diffusive and viscous dissipation under non-uniform wall boundary conditions on heat and mass transfer for a viscous nanofluid past a semi-infinite vertical plate embedded in porous medium which descriped by Darcy-Forchheimer extension. The mathematical model of nanofluid incorporate the Brownian motion and thermophoresis mechanisms. The nonlinear governing equations are reduced to a set of nonsimilar ordinary differential equations and the resulting system of equations is then solved numerically by Keller-Box method. A parametric study is achieved and obtained numerical results are presented with the help of graphical illustrations, in order to ride how the governing parameters affects the flow field, temperature, concentration and solide volume fraction profiles. Furthermore, some interesting data for the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also illustrated.
Ohmic Heating of Magnetohydrodynamic Viscous Flow over a Continuous Moving Plate with Viscous Dissipation Buoyancy and Thermal Radiation
Authors: Adegbie K.S. , Samuel Damilare J. , Ajayi Babatunde O.
Published: April 2019

This study extends previous investigation on ohmic heating of magnetohydrodynamic viscous fluid flow over a continuous moving plate to include radiative heat-loss, viscous dissipation and buoyancy effects. The mathematical formulation representing the modified physical model involves a system of three partial differential equations, which are transformed into a system of two coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations using suitable dimensionless variables. Thereafter, the resulting dimensionless system of equations governing modified model are solved via Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). The accuracy and convergence of solutions are validated by comparing the results obtained with those in literature and they are in good agreement. Parametric study is performed to illustrate the effects of emerging parameters on fluid velocity and temperature, skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number. It is found that the impacts of pertinent parameters due to the extensions are significant and these are presented in graphs and tables. The results indicate that the skin friction coefficient and the heat transfer rate increase with the increasing values of thermal radiation and decrease with the increasing value of viscous dissipation parameter.
Crystal Growth and Physical Properties of Lu(Al1-xTx)B4 (T = Fe, Cr) by Al-Self Flux
Authors: Kouzu Kaoru , Yamasaki Takashi , Okada Shigeru , Mori Takao , Guo Quan Sheng , Shishido Toetsu , Yubuta Kunio , Nomura Akiko , Yoshikawa Akira , Rogl Peter
Published: April 2019

Crystals of the quaternary compounds α-Lu(Al1-xTx)B4(T = Fe, Cr) (YCrB4-type, orthorhombic, Pbam), obtained from the nominal composition of Lu(Al1-xTx)B3, were grown by using Al flux mixed with T metal at 1773 K for 5 h under an Ar atmosphere. The maximum dimensions and morphology of the crystals obtained were about 0.7 mm × 0.5 mm for flake-type crystals of Lu(Al1-xCrx)B4and about 5.2 mm × 0.2 mm for prism crystals of Lu(Al1-xFex)B4. The lattice constants determination and chemical analyses of Lu(Al1-xTx)B4(T = Fe, Cr) compounds were carried out for Fe 0.5 - 10.0 at% and Cr 0.5 - 1.0 at%. The lattice constants and the unit lattice volume in Lu(Al1-xTx)B4crystals decreased with increase of the concentration of Fe or Cr. The values of micro-Vickers hardness of Lu(Al1-xFex)B4(x = 0.005 - 0.030) and Lu(Al1-xCrx)B4(x = 0.005 - 0.010) samples are in the ranges of 16(2) - 20(3) GPa and 13(2) - 16(3) GPa, respectively. The hardness values showed a little increase as the solid solution of Fe or Cr was realized in Lu(Al1-xTx)B4, possibly because of distortion to the crystal structure. The magnetic susceptibility of as-grown Lu(Al0.995Fe0.005)B4crystals for example, exhibited diamagnetic behavior with a small ferromagnetic component.
Disordered and Frustrated Magnetization in Coated MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles Prepared by Microwave Plasma Synthesis
Authors: Nadeem Kashif , Kamran Muhammad , Krenn Heinz , Szabo Dorothee Vinga , Brossmann Ulrich , Würschum R.
Published: April 2019

Disordered and frustrated magnetization of different surface coated (Cr2O3, Co3O4, ZrO2, and SiO2) MnFe2O4nanoparticles have been studied using SQUID-magnetometry. Magnetic measurements, such as ZFC/FC and ac-susceptibility evidence surface spin-glass behavior. ZFC/FC curves were also compared with numerical simulation to get information about effective anisotropy constants. Frequency dependent ac susceptibility results were analyzed by using Arrhenius, Vogel Fulcher and dynamic scaling laws to further confirm the spin-glass behavior. It is observed that the strength of surface spins disorder and frustration strongly depends upon the type of the coating material. All these analyses signify that disordered and frustrated surface magnetization in MnFe2O4nanoparticles greatly depend on the type of the surface coating materials and are useful for controlling the nanoparticle’s magnetism for different practical applications.
Isoelectronic Modifications of Thermoelectric Properties in Fe2V1-xNbxAl
Authors: Kamelreiter Ronja , Hinterleitner Bernhard , Khmelevskyi Sergii , Bauer Ernst
Published: April 2019

Substituting V/Nb in Fe2VAl causes an initial increase of the unit cell volume as well as an increaseof the structural disorder. Although V and Nb are isoelectronically, slight changes of the electronicdensity of states N(E) right at the Fermi energy are obtained. While for a 10 % substitution of V/Nbthe absolute value of N(EF) keeps almost constant, the slope of N(E) grows. As a result, the Seebeckeffect grows in comparsion to the starting material Fe2VAl, reaching values of about 100 μ V/K at roomtemperature. The latter is one of the largest found so far for p-type substituted Fe2VAl.
Magnetic Order in Quaternary NiMnGe:T (T = Cr, Ti) Compounds
Authors: Szytuła Andrzej , Baran Stanislav , Penc Bogusław , Hoser Andreas , Dyakonov Vladimir
Published: April 2019

The work reports the results of neutron diffraction measurements of NiMnGe:T systems where T is Cr or Ti. All investigated compounds have the helicoidal magnetic structure with the propagation vector k = (ka,0,0). The values of the ka component decrease with increasing Cr content and increase with increasing Ti content. For all compounds, except the sample with x = 0.18 in Cr-system, the helicoidal order is stable up to the Néel temperature. The obtained data are analysed based on simple model in which the magnetic interactions are described by two exchange integrals J1 > 0 for first and J2 < 0 for second neighbouring moments. This model clears up different dependence of ka component in different systems.
Magnetic Study on Y2M3Co9P7 (M: Transition Metals) with Cation-Ordered Zr2Fe12P7-Type Structure
Authors: Kato Yusuke , Ohta Hiroto , Katori Hiroko Aruga
Published: April 2019

We successfully synthesized polycrystalline samples of Y2M3Co9P7 (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Mo, and Ru), which has the Zr2Fe12P7-type hexagonal structure with M and Co selectively occupy the pyramidal site and three tetrahedral ones, respectively. For the case of M = Co, or Y2Co12P7, the itinerant electronic ferromagnetism was observed below the Curie temperature TC = 153 K. For M = Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ru, the ferromagnetism was also observed below TC = 167 K, 229 K, 233 K and 18 K, respectively, whereas for M = Mo, an exchange-enhanced Pauli paramagnetism tool the place of the ferromagnetism. Among compounds with M being 3d transition metals, TC and spontaneous magnetization took the maximum around M = Fe and Mn. This tendency was also seen in the cases of M being 4d transition metals, i.e., M = Ru and Mo. Our result indicates that magnetic moments at the pyramidal site have rather localized nature and largely affect the stability of the ferromagnetism of Y2M3Co9P7 although the ferromagnetism is considered to be mainly derived from three Co sites.
DFT Calculations to Study Hydrogen Localization and Diffusion in Disordered Bcc Ti-V-Cr Alloys
Authors: Bavrina Olga O. , Shelyapina Marina G. , Fruchart Daniel , Novaković Nikola
Published: April 2019

Here we report on the results of our theoretical study of hydrogen localization and motion in disordered bcc Ti-V-Cr alloys. The calculations have been carried out within a DFT supercell approach for a certain composition, namely Ti0.33V0.27Cr0.4 for H/M = 1/32. It was found that hydrogen is localized in highly distorted tetrahedral sites formed by different metal species. H atoms are displaced towards titanium. The estimation of the hydrogen diffusion parameters provides the activation energy value of 0.126 eV and the diffusion coefficient at 294 K equal to 1.9 10-10 m/s2 that is in good agreement with available experimental data.
Thermionic Emission of Yttrium Dodecaboride Single Crystal
Authors: Voronovych Daniil , Taran Anatoliy , Podshyvalova Oksana , Shitsevalova Natalya , Filipov Volodymyr , Dukhnenko Anatoliy
Published: April 2019

Experimental data on thermionic current density and electron work function of YB12 (100) at T = 1218 – 1978 K in high vacuum (p < 10-4 Pa) are first introduced. Temperature dependences of the thermionic current density and effective electron work function are presented without extrapolation to the zero-field currents because of the anomalous Schottky effect. The temperature dependences of theYB12 electron work function can be described by linear functions at certain temperature intervals. Preferential boron evaporation and additional ion bombardment by the residual gases ions and evaporated boron ions results in appearance of new phases depleted of boron on the YB12 surface. As a result, an YB4 – YB6 double layer on the YB12 single crystal surface has formed. The appearance of the new boride phases, depleted of boron, on the emitting surface causes an increase of thermionic current density compared with individual YB12.
Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction: Current evidence and uncertainties
Authors: Martone Raffaele , Marchionni Niccolò , Cappelli Francesco
Published: April 2019

Heart failure (HF) with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) has been conceptualized by the European Society of Cardiology guidelines with the aim of stimulating research to fill a gap in knowledge: whether such a condition exists as a distinct pathophysiological and clinical entity, or it is just a residual category of ejection fraction indeed is still a matter of debate. Current evidence suggests that HFmrEF represents up to one fifth of patients with HF, who may ultimately result in an intermediate clinical phenotype, as for age and gender, with an intermediate prevalence of comorbidities. Nevertheless, a strong connection exists with HF with reduced ejection fraction, since ischemic aetiology is common in both categories, conveying relevant implications for prognosis and therapeutic response. Little is known about its pathophysiology: mild systolic impairment may be not enough and advocating diastolic dysfunction may be an oversimplification. An increasing amount of data is clarifying how many of HFmrEF patients are the results of deteriorating or recovering hearts, thus underscoring that aetiology may be, more than EF, the key to understand this new category. Sparse evidence points toward a potential benefit of common HF therapies in those patients, but further research is still needed.