bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE PULSED VACUUM OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION (PVOD) PROCESS OF CARROTS IN A TERNARY SOLUTION BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Haque Raihanul , Hosain Mojaffor , Rahman Mohammad Atikur , Kamal Murtuza , Mondal Shakti Chandra , Islam A.K.M. Monjurul
Published: December 2020

Optimization of the pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration (PVOD) process of carrot slices in a ternary solution was carried out using the response surface methodology. During PVOD, the vacuum pulse was applied at the beginning of the process for 10 min at a reduced pressure of 500 mm of Hg throughout all the experiments. After that, the osmotic dehydration process was continued at atmospheric pressure according to the central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The effects of temperature (35-55oC), sugar concentration (40-50oBrix), salt concentration (5-15%) and osmosis time restored at atmospheric pressure (10-240 min) on the responses viz. water loss (WL), solute gain (SG) and colour difference (∆E) of the dehydrated samples were assessed and statistically optimized through the desirability function approach. The models obtained for water loss, solute gain and colour difference were found suitable to describe the experimental data. It was found that the time restored at atmospheric pressure has the most significant effect on the responses at the 95% confidence level. The optimum condition was found at a temperature of 50oC, sugar concentration of 45.47oBrix, salt concentration of 7.50%, and restoration time of 67.50 min. At these optimum conditions, the water loss, solute gain and colour difference were 42.61%, 10.42% and 4.38, respectively. The predicted optimum values for independent linear variables were validated by performing triplicate experiments and the simulated data were come across similar with the experimental ones.
State of development and changes to cultural policies in the amalgamated territorial communities of Ukraine
Authors: Huriy Bohdana
Published: December 2020

In the article, we analysed the state of development of cultural policies in Amalgamated Territorial Communities (ATC) of Ukraine as well as the changes that have taken place in the cultural area in Ukraine. This was due to the activities of international grant programs, foundations and legislative organizations. We described the local situation in the ATC and detected their main cultural policies' problems. We also described the main stages of forming the international grant programs' sector, foundations and donors in the aforementioned area. We have identified the most active grant programs which operate in Ukraine. We defined that their activity supports discussion about the role of the culture, influences the processes of transformation and modernization of culture, and provides the possibilities for activists and specialists from the public sector to directly and transparently influence and advocate the cultural changes. The article presented results of the sociological research "The human rights-based approach to the content and implementation of cultural policies in Ukraine at ATC level". It was conducted with representatives of the "DOBRE" program, USAID, the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation, «U-LEAD with Europe», the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine, and four regional representatives’ non-public organisations. We concluded that the international grant programs, foundations, and legislative organizations support the ATC in the forming and conducting development strategies and service delivery standards, transparently conducting their activities and financial accountability, supporting the community's involvement in the main processes and changing stereotypical approaches to understanding the needs of different population categories in Ukraine's ATC. During the four years of their activity, there has been significant development of communities in terms of infrastructure and human development and community resources. In particular, it is connected with Equality and Human Rights principles, the involvement of all community actors in the processes taking place in society, and constant feedback from the public.
Pandemics and Natural Disasters Subjects that Should be Included in the Curriculum of Dental Schools
Authors: Morón Araújo Michelle
Published: December 2020

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Shear wave elastography reveals a high prevalence of liver fibrosis in overweight or obese Hispanic youth
Authors:   University of Texas Health and Science Center, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, San Antonio, TX, United States, Sandhu Sanjeet , Orsi Carisse ,   University of Texas Health and Science Center, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, San Antonio, TX, United States, Francis Gary L. ,   University of Texas Health and Science Center, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, San Antonio, TX, United States, Wang Zhu ,   University of Texas Health and Science Center Department of Population Health Sciences, San San Antonio TX, United States, Fernandez Roman ,   University of Texas Health and Science Center Department of Population Health Sciences, San San Antonio TX, United States, Alkhouri Naim ,   Texas Liver Institute and University of Texas Health, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, San Antonio, TX, United States
Published: December 2020

Background: Obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes are risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Inflammation and hepatocellular damage associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease lead to progressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Current tests to identify fibrosis (liver biopsy) are invasive and not conducive to serial examination. For that reason, we used the newer technique of shear wave elastogrophy (SWE) to detect fibrosis in overweight or obese Hispanic youth and sought to determine if carbohydrate tolerance or insulin resistance were associated with fibrosis in this high risk population. Methods: A total of 67 Hispanic youth (8–18 years of age) with overweight or obesity who were referred for multidisciplinary evaluation were included. SWE was used to identify those with suspected fibrosis. Results of SWE were then compared with glycohemoglobin (A1c), insulin resistance (homeostatic model of insulin resistance), and biochemical parameters. Results: The prevalence of suspected fibrosis (SWE >5.10 kPa) in overweight or obese Hispanic youth was 62.7% (42/67). Patients with suspected fibrosis (SWE ≥5.10 kPa) had significantly higher levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and the aminotransferase to platelet ratio index when compared to patients without significant fibrosis (SWE <5.01 kPa). However, there were no significant differences between the groups in body mass index, A1c, or homeostatic model of insulin resistance. Conclusions: SWE detected a high prevalence (62.7%) of suspected hepatic fibrosis in a group of high risk, overweight or obese Hispanic youth suggesting that SWE is a useful tool for surveillance and longitudinal studies.
B-mode and color Doppler imaging of carotid paragangliomas in different neck regions
Authors:   Department of Oral Surgery, Implant Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Delantoni Antigone , Sarafopoulos Apostolos ,   Department of Radiology, AHEPA General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece, Polanagnostaki Aspasia ,   Department of Radiology, AHEPA General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece, Orhan Kaan ,   Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
Published: December 2020

Glomus tumors or paragangliomas are rare benign neoplasms which are very uncommon in the head and neck region. They grow slowly from paraganglion cells, which serve various regulatory tasks in the body and form the basis of the extra-adrenal neuroendocrine system. They have benign properties, but tend to cause local invasion and expansion to adjacent anatomic structures. The majority of glomus tumor cases are incidental findings, since the clinical symptoms are mostly absent. The purpose of this paper is to distinguish the ultrasonographic features of different glomus tumors located within the neck region, based on their varying anatomical location and space occupying behavior.
Ovarian inguinal hernia
Authors:   Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, India, Amreen Saika , Yaseen Yawar ,   Medical Officer, Directorate of Health Services, Kashmir, India
Published: December 2020

Indirect inguinal hernia is a common congenital abnormality in children. In female infants, herniation of the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus has been reported. Herniation of the ovaries is a rare congenital condition that may be complicated by strangulation, torsion, and infertility. A 6-week-old female infant presented with visible swelling in the right inguinal region. This case highlights the utility of ultrasonography as a cheap and easily available imaging technique that can be used for the characterization of the hernial contents, and guide the management, further accentuated by the use of color Doppler imaging, of this subtle but crucial entity.
State-building for the market economy in Eastern Europe
Authors: Hare Paul
Published: December 2020

Kornai's earlier works embodied the idea that state institutions formed a system with a strong tendency to reproduce itself, and hence to resist minor reforms. Thus, at the end of socialism, huge changes were needed in politics, economics, and the law to build a new system oriented towards the market-type economy, which would again be stable, self-reinforcing and self-sustaining. Transition promoted the development of new states in Eastern Europe that conformed to the Copenhagen criteria for the EU accession. Were we too hasty in thinking that we had succeeded? The new systems are not returning to the previous one, and only in a few areas have the basic norms of a market-type economy been set aside in Hungary or Poland. But concerns arise at the interface between politics, law and economics – to do with the rule of law, the nature and role of the state, and the interactions between parliament, the executive and the judiciary. Unavoidably, there is also an interesting international dimension here, represented by the shift from the Warsaw Pact and CMEA to NATO and the EU. This paper explores these issues in the light of some of Kornai's recent analysis of developments in Hungary, while also drawing on his very insightful earlier works.
Linear tuning of microwaves power for the extraction of bioactive molecules from citrus peels
Authors: D'Auria Giuseppe , D'Amore Giacinto , Romano Aldo , Marra Francesco
Published: December 2020

In the last years, an alternative and convenient way to composting and/or bio-gasifying food waste is represented by the extraction of high value bioactive components from such materials. In particular, essential oils contained in matrices such as orange or lemon peels may represent high value bioactive components for the nutraceutical and pharma industry. In recent years, microwave assisted processes have been considered for use in solvent-free extraction. However, the microwave assisted extraction is often performed in very simple microwave systems, without an accurate control, if any, of the power release.

In this work, the linear tuning of microwave power for the extraction of bioactive components from citrus peels is discussed, with emphasis on the consequent process yield and extract characteristics. Chemical analysis of the extracted mixture showed the presence of quite a number of active molecules of relevant interest for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries, such as glycoside flavanone (Hesperidin and Eriocitrin) in lemon peels, and polymethoxylated flavones (Nobiletin and Sinensetin) in orange peels.
Diagnostic treatment approach for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women of reproductive age with benign uterine hyperplasia
Authors:   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kondratyuk V.K. , Zadorozhnaya T.D. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Narolskaya A.I. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Gorban N.Ye. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Botsyun P.N. ,   CSD Health care, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pustovalova O.I. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The article presents an analysis of the complex treatment results of reproductive age patients with uterine leiomyoma and dysplastic lesions of the squamous epithelium of the cervix which included anti-inflammatory therapy and radiowave surgery. The use of complex therapeutic measures in patients with uterine leiomyoma and dysplastic lesions of the squamous epithelium of the cervix allowed to reduce the epithelialization period of postoperative wound surface and to decrease the incidence of complications and recurrences. Key words: uterine leiomyoma, dysplastic lesions of squamous epithelium, conservative treatment, radiowave surgery, complications, recurrences.
The role of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of different severity
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Zhuk S.I. , Taran O.A. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine, Koshmienskaya A.N. ,   Zhytomyr Regional Oncology Center, Ukraine, Lobastova T.V. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The objective: the finding of protein expression of apoptosis regulator BCL-2, Smooth Muscule Actin and the antigen Ki-67 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of different severity to optimize the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Patients and methods. The study involved 42 women of reproductive age with cervical intraepithelial the neoplasia of the cervix varying degrees applied to the doctor of cervical pathology Zhitomir regional oncologic dispensary. All women (n=42) were divided into groups. The first group included 15 patients (35.7%) with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with mild. The second group included 13 women (31%) with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia a moderate degree. The third group was represented by patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with severe – 14 respondents (33.3 per cent). Results. Marker BCL-2 in patients of the first group was positive in 7 patients (46.7%), Smooth Muscule Actin was positive in 9 patients (60%) and Ki-67 was diagnosed in 8 of the surveyed women (53.3%). In the second group of BCL-2 was positive in 8 patients (61.5%), Clone 124, Smooth Muscule Actin, Clone 1A4 was positive in 9 patients (69.2%), and Ki-67 was diagnosed in 12 of the surveyed women (92.3%). Marker BCL-2 in patients of the third group was positive in 12 patients (85.7%), Smooth Muscule Actin was positive in 10 patients (71.4%) and Ki-67 was diagnosed in 13 of the surveyed women (92.9% ). Conclusion. Carcinogenesis is associated with molecular genetic damage to the cervix. Some of the products of this process can be used as prognostic and diagnostic markers of tumor progression. Determination of protein expression of apoptosis regulator BCL-2, Smooth Muscule Actin and the antigen Ki-67 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia makes it possible to accurately verify the diagnosis and to predict the course of pathological changes in the flat epithelium of the cervix. Key words: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer, morphological diagnostics of precancerous lesions, BCL-2, Smooth Muscule Actin, Ki-67.
State of uterine blood flow in women of reproductive age with endometrial hyperplasia
Authors:   Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine, Dubinina V.G. , Vizir K.M. ,   Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The objective: to assess the state of uterine blood flow in endometrial hyperplasia in women of reproductive period. Patients and methods. 130 patients (n=100 – the main group; n=30 – control group) aged 18-49 years with endometrial hyperplasia were examined. All the women underwent 2D transvaginal echography and color Doppler mapping. The angle-independent indices (pulsatility index, resistivity index, diastolic/systolic ratio) of blood flow were determined in the uterine, arcuate, radial, basal and spiral arteries. Results. There was no significant difference in the indices of blood flow of the right uterine artery, arcuate, radial, basal arteries among patients and control group. Among women with endometrial hyperplasia pulsatility index of the left uterine artery amounted to – 2.11, resistivity index – 0.88, and the diastolic/systolic ratio – 5.45, in women of the control group – 2.34, 1.01 and 7.50, respectively. Only among patients with endometrial hyperplastic process was registered blood flow in the spiral arteries. Conclusion. The use of color Doppler mapping is appropriate, because registration of intraendometrial blood flow allows an endometrial hyperplastic process to be diagnosed with a high degree of confidence. Key words: endometrial hyperplasia, reproductive period, color Doppler mapping, intraendometrial blood flow, pulsatility index, resistivity index, diastolic/systolic ratio.
Forecasting and preventive maintenance of the stood pregnancy in late terms at women with virus infections
Authors:   Uzhgorod National University, Ukraine, Sadigov J.M.
Published: December 2020

The objective: frequency decrease perinatal pathologies at women-nositelnits of a virus infection (HSV-2 and CMV) on the basis of studying clinical-ehografical, immunological, microbiological and virologic features, and also working out and introductions of complex treatment-and-prophylactic and forecasting actions. Patients and methods. On І a stage the technique of forecasting of the stood pregnancy on the basis of complex clinical-laboratory inspection of 729 women carriers of HSV and CMV has been developed. On ІІ a stage 100 women with the stood pregnancy in anamnesis which are carriers of HSV and CMV have been surveyed and received various techniques of treatment-and-prophylactic actions. Results. Results of the spent researches testify that the offered complex approach to the decision of an object in view and problems, since pregravidare stage and an extent of all gestatione period, allows to improve essentially obstetrical and perinartal outcomes of delivery at pregnant women carriers CMV and HSV, with the stood pregnancy in the anamnesis. Considering insufficient efficiency of the standard treatment-and-prophylactic actions by us the new algorithm pregravidare preparation and conducting pregnancy at women carriers of CMV and HSV is offered. Conclusion. The received clinical, functional, laboratory, microbiological and virologic results confirm high efficiency of this technique that grants to us is right to recommend it for wide use in practical public health services. Key words: the stood pregnancy, a virus infection, preventive maintenance, forecasting.
Gnostic Islam
Authors: Trompf Garry W.
Published: December 2020

This article constitutes a brief introduction to Gnostic Islam, assessing the inheritance and transformations of classic Gnostic speculation in Muslim thought and practice, especially in Shi‘a theologies and Sufism. The survey covers both esoteric and exoteric aspects.
A Sufi Master without a Hospice
Authors: Bahrani Ashkan , Kars Aydogan
Published: December 2020

This article examines the conceptions of Sufism and mysticism by the influential Iranian intellectual, Abdolkarim Soroush (b.1945). It situates the academic and intellectual products of Soroush in the context of Islamic modernism to study him within the discipline of religious studies in general, and Islamic studies in particular. It traces the evolution of his attitude through two relatively distinct and concurrently interconnected periods of his intellectual development. We argue that the concept of ‘Sufism’ emerged in his thought in the late 1980s as an ideal type that allowed Soroush to pursue multi-layered projects. These projects include a liberal Islam where the privatisation of religion through mysticism plays a key role, and a mild nationalist project where the concept of ‘mysticism’ is universalised in order to imagine an Iranian community that is in conversation with mysticisms of other religious traditions. We also observe that his reading of Sufism suffers from a chronic essentialism, which is exercised through ideal types. His understanding of mysticism also follows a version of experientialism in its early twentieth-century Jamesian fashion. Accordingly, the politicised demarcations of mysticism in his intellectual project are crystallised.
By Drawing We Unframe Scotland’s Community Heritage Conference
Authors: Hale Alex
Published: December 2020

This illustrated essay discusses the creative practice of 'live drawing' at an annual conference which brings together Scotland's community heritage practitioners. It discusses the application of drawing as documentation whilst people are giving talks about their projects, and critically explores the use of drawing as a 'way of seeing' events that are tied to the past. It develops the idea that the format of the conferences, just like the composition and content of the illustrations, applies framing devices that contain and constrain our creativity, but that can also enable imaginary opportunities when considering the past in the present.
Prevalence and physiotherapist awareness of shoulder pain and/ or stiffness as an early symptom of Parkinson’s disease: An Australian perspective
Authors: Walmsley Sarah , Chandley-Pascoe Darrell , Collins Evelyn , Marquez Jodie
Published: December 2020

Musculoskeletal pain is known to be an associated symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is limited literature that describes the likelihood of shoulder pain and/or stiffness as an early presentation of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of shoulder pain and/or stiffness as an initial symptom of PD and to gain an understanding of physiotherapy awareness of this early symptom. Two cross-sectional, purpose-designed surveys were undertaken. A postal survey was mailed to 189 patients with PD and an online survey was emailed to 336 physiotherapists. A response rate of 63% was obtained for PD patients and 23% for physiotherapists. Of the patients with PD, 13% reported onset of shoulder pain and/or stiffness within 5 years prior to diagnosis, with no reported past history of shoulder issues. Of these patients, 8% specifically reported shoulder symptoms as the initial manifestation of the disease. However, 74% of physiotherapists surveyed were unaware of the potential for the early presentation of this symptom. This study has reinforced the potential for shoulder pain and/or stiffness to be an early symptom of PD and has identified a key area for knowledge improvement for physiotherapists in order to reduce the potential of misdiagnosis and mismanagement of this symptom.
Hospital Intervention in Severe Sinus Infection After Bone Graft
Authors: Gulinelli Jéssica Lemos , Teixeira Karine , Calcagnotto Thiago , Bellato Caio , Kasaya Marcus Satoru , Santos Pâmela Leticia
Published: December 2020

This study presents the case of a patient who required antrostomy under general anesthesia to treat a sinus lift complication. The patient was a 43-year-old woman with no systemic abnormalities who underwent maxillary sinus lift surgery associated with mineralized bovine bone graft. The Schneiderian membrane was perforated during the procedure, and the rupture was treated with collagen membranes to close the wound and contain the biomaterial, preventing its dispersion. The patient developed a maxillary sinus infection 7 days after surgery. This infection was initially treated with 875 mg amoxicillin combined with 125 mg clavulanic acid. Although the initial infection did not worsen, the patient developed maxillary sinusitis. Thirty days after the onset of the initial infection, the patient underwent an intraoral surgery under local anesthesia to remove the biomaterial and clean the sinus cavity. Despite this procedure, maxillary ostial patency was still compromised, and antrostomy was performed endoscopically in a hospital setting under general anesthesia. This procedure resolved the sinus infection. Then, 12 months after hospitalization, the patient was treated with another sinus graft surgery without postoperative complications. The treatment of sinus infections caused by the graft surgery may require early and active intervention with antibiotics, graft removal, and antrostomy to prevent major complications.
The Premature Use of English Grammar by EFL Learners
Authors: Mukminatien Nur
Published: December 2020

The roles of conscious learning and error corrections have been questioned since the development of communicative approaches to language teaching, along with theoretical and empirical insights from Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research. Whether overt learning really helps the learner produce better L2 performance is a mystery. This article describes the premature use of English Grammar by EFL learners as shown on their writing performance. It also reviews theoretical insights from SLA theories to uncover the mystery.
The Advantages of Using an Analytic Scoring Procedure in Speaking Assessment
Authors: Mukminatien Nur
Published: December 2020

This article describes the advantages of using analytic procedure in speaking assessment. An analytic scoring guide, as compared to the impressionistic one, has a double function: as an instrument to measure the learner's speaking proficiency and as a diagnostic procedure for remedial teaching. Thus, it provides reliable sources of information in the form of scores of the speaking components and can be used as feed-back for the teacher and learner to identify which component needs improvement.
Task-based Activities in TEFL
Authors: Fachrurrazy Fachrurrazy
Published: December 2020

This article presents a discussion of task-based approach in Communicative Language Teaching. A task is a classroom activity involving learner's interaction in which the main attention is on the meaning more than on the form of the target language. This approach may be applicable to TEFL in Indonesian context.
Chomsky's Universal Grammar: A Case of Its Concepts of Government/Binding Theory
Authors: Harsono Y M
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this paper is to see the universality of the Government/Binding Theory in its concepts of government, the pro-drop parameter, and binding theory. Three languages English, Indonesian, and Javanese are analyzed based on the three concepts. From the analysis it is concluded that in some cases language is universal, but in some other cases every language is specific.
EFL MATERIALS IN MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH: WHAT DO THEY REALLY NEED?
Authors: Rohmah Zuliati
Published: December 2020

This study is a part of a larger research project, by a team of English Language Training for Islamic Schools (ELTIS), into the resources used in MTs. This paper talks about the needs of Islamic Junior High Schools (Madrasah Tsanawiyah, henceforth, MTs) for ELT materials. The research involved a number of principals, teachers and students of MTs in two areas: East Java and West Nusa Tenggara. Presentation and discussion of the analysis of the needs will be followed with some suggestions addressing some major weaknesses in the resources currently available in MTs.
CAMBODIAN EFL STUDENTS’ INVESTMENT IN LEARNING ENGLISH: PERSPECTIVES AND PRACTICES
Authors: Chan Hum
Published: December 2020

This article reports on a case study that explored the perspectives and practices of Cambodian EFL students regarding their investment in learning English at the University of Battambang (UBB), Cambodia. The study specifically investigated how the students perceived the role that learning English played in their lives. The study also examined community practices surrounding the learning of English amongst these Cambodian university students. A mixed method approach was employed to collect data in two stages. First, a survey was administered to a random selection of 80 university students. Then, four intensive group interviews were undertaken with a total of 20 students purposively selected through a theoretical sampling. Quan- titative data from the survey was computerized and analyzed using SPSS while the qualitative data obtained from the intensive interviews was coded and interpreted to compare its similarities and differences with statistical data for generating theory. Findings of the study indicate that English has empowered Cambodian learners’ perspectives to invest in EFL study as a means for improving their quality of life, gaining better positions, and advancing their salary and social status, which may, in turn, affect their identities and capital.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF THE FIRST LANGUAGE IN LIBYAN EFL CLASSROOMS
Authors: Alsied Safia Mujtaba
Published: December 2020

This article attempts to explore the use of first language (Arabic) in the Libyan EFL classrooms as well as teachers' and students' attitudes towards using it. To this end, 5 Libyan EFL teachers and 143 Libyan EFL undergraduate students from the English department of Sebha University took part in the study. Data were gathered through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study indicated that the Libyan EFL students had positive attitudes towards using Arabic in the classroom to some degree; however, they were in favor of using English more than Arabic. It was also found that the students employed Arabic frequently to translate words from English into Arabic. The results also reported that the Libyan EFL teachers used Arabic in their classrooms to accomplish many purposes such as helping students to understand, giving instructions, emphasizing information and giving the meaning of new and unfamiliar words. Additionally, teachers held positive attitudes towards the use of Arabic inside the classroom, but they were of the opinion that Arabic can be only used in certain cases and it should not be overused.
INDONESIAN EFL STUDENTS’ WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN THE 2013 CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Havwini Tian
Published: December 2020

In a language class, encouraging students’ willingness to communicate (WTC) using the target language is essential, as it is a good signal whether or not the language has been successfully acquired. Given the importance of students’ willingness to communicate in English class, the 2013 national education curriculum promotes students’ oral communication skills, including in foreign languages, particularly English. The present study aims at investigating students’ WTC in English classes. It examines the patterns of WTC patterns employed by Indonesian students in class. Drawing from close observation on two English classes at a junior high school in Aceh Timur, findings reveal that different task types lead to different patterns of WTC. It pedagogically implies the need to provide varied tasks and activities in order to increase students’ engagement and varieties of their WTC patterns.
EXPECTATIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF INDONESIAN TEACHERS WHO HAVE, AND HAVE NOT, DONE EXTENSIVE READING
Authors: Waring Rob , Husna Nida
Published: December 2020

Extensive Reading (ER) in Indonesia is in its infancy. Over the past 2-3 years a small band of ER enthusiasts led by the Indonesian Extensive Reading Association (IERA) and the Extensive Reading Foundation (ERF) have started promoting ER in the archipelago. In July 2018, IERA and the ERF conducted all-day ER workshops to over 1000 teachers in six locations. The post-workshop questionnaire reported here shows that these workshops were successful in getting most of the teachers to the Introduction Stage of ER acceptance. The talks were also helpful in changing the teachers' attitudes and beliefs about ER, as well as in helping the IERA staff to understand what challenges lie ahead for the promotion of ER. The questionnaire also revealed that after attending the workshops many teachers feel frustrated they cannot implement ER due to a lack of specific knowledge about how to set up and manage the ER program in their own situation, or due to institutional resistance, misunderstandings and inertia stemming from a satisfaction with the current paradigm. The questionnaire points to the need for a second folow-up series of workshops or other training, to deepen the participants' knowledge to give them enough support to move to the Implemention Stage of ER.
Implementation of The Open Jackson Queuing Network to Reduce Waiting Time
Authors: Monike Febriyani Faris  , Farida Yuniar , Novitasari Dian C. Rini , Ulinnuha Nurissaidah , Hafiyusholeh Moh.
Published: December 2020

Waiting for service is a common thing in-hospital services. The more patients are waiting, the service delay increases, so waiting time in the queue gets longer. In health care in a hospital, a patient will queue several times in more than one queue in a hospital outpatient installation. The case study in this research is the queue system in the hospital's outpatient treatment, implementing an open Jackson queueing network to minimize waiting time. The workstations examined in this study were the registration, pre-consultation, and cardiology poly consultation, and pharmacy. The data is carried out for six days, counting the number of arrivals and departures with each point at intervals of 5 minutes. Applying the Jackson open queue network model, a recommendation was obtained for the hospital to increase employees' numbers. The registration workstation must have four servers; a poly cardiology workstation had three nurses and four doctors, while for pharmacy, had seven employees. With this personnel's addition, patients' total waiting time in the queuing system is approximately 12 minutes/patient. So, it can reduce waiting times in the queueing system that was initially 108 minutes/patient.
Cluster policies of large cities in Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Turgel Irina D. , Bozhko Larissa L. ,   Rudny Industrial Institute, Rudny, Kazakhstan, Pandzhiyeva Veronika T. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Faced with globalization challenges, large modern cities need to develop their competitive advantages. One source of such advantages is clustering of urban economy. Questions dealing with cluster-based policies and classification of clusters operating on the regional and national levels have attracted much scholarly attention while there is still a research gap regarding urban cluster policies and comparison of city-based clusters. Research objective. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal framework of cluster policies in Russia and Kazakhstan and to describe the criteria for classification and comparison of city-based clusters. Data and methods. The study used methods of systemic and comparative analysis, formalized methods of analysis of regulatory acts. The selected criteria are universal and can be used for cluster analysis in different countries. We considered strategies for socio-economic development of large cities in Russia and Kazakhstan from the official websites of city administrations as well as the regulatory acts of specific cities. Results. In both countries, clusters play a significant role in the development strategies of territories. The Russian and Kazakh governments take similar measures to support cluster initiatives. The regulatory legal acts of both countries emphasize the allocation of subsidies and co-financing of regional programs and R&D in clusters. The process of cluster creation in Russia started later than in Kazakhstan but was also more intensive. A popular specialization for clusters in both countries is information technologies and communications, which corresponds to the goals set by the national governments. Conclusions. In both countries, the number of clusters in large cities is increasing annually. Typically, clusters have 11-50 participants. In both countries, there are clusters of different specialization. Strategies for socio-economic development serve as the main documents for devising cluster policies of cities. The practical significance of the study is that it proposes an approach to classification and comparison of clusters that can be used in further analysis and for identification of cluster policy priorities.
Risk-informed sustainable asset management of railway tracks
Authors: Sasidharan Manu , Torbaghan Mehran Eskandari
Published: December 2020

Railway track infrastructure asset management is a challenging problem with added values on safety, society and environment. With railways serving as a key sustainable mode of transportation for passengers and freight, the industry is facing an increasing demand to expand its capacity, availability and speed, resulting in faster deterioration of the ageing railway track infrastructure. Given the constrained maintenance budgets and the environmental challenges posed by climate change, railway asset managers have to identify economically and environmentally justifiable track maintenance strategies without compromising on safety. To this end, this paper proposes a risk-informed approach to arrive at sustainable railway track maintenance strategies while considering the associated track maintenance costs and impacts on train operation (environmental emissions and risk of derailments). Monte Carlo simulation is employed to address data uncertainties associated with track quality data, the costs and benefits of track maintenance and train operation. The proposed approach is successfully applied to the heavy-haul railway lines in Sweden and Australia to compare some alternative maintenance strategies and identify the sustainable one.
Latent Variables Analysis in Structural Models: A New Decomposition of the Kalman Smoother
Authors: Paustian Matthias , Pfajfar Damjan , Chung Hess , Fuentes-Albero Cristina
Published: December 2020

This paper advocates chaining the decomposition of shocks into contributions from forecast errors to the shock decomposition of the latent vector to better understand model inference about latent variables. Such a double decomposition allows us to gauge the inuence of data on latent variables, like the data decomposition. However, by taking into account the transmission mechanisms of each type of shock, we can highlight the economic structure underlying the relationship between the data and the latent variables. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by detailing the role of observable variables in estimating the output gap in two models.
A Critical Analysis of South African Anti-Money Laundering Legislation with regard to Cryptocurrency
Authors: Erasmus Deon , Bowden Susan
Published: December 2020

Cryptocurrencies are decentralised virtual currencies, using blockchain technology to process peer-to-peer electronic payments. In 2009, the first successful cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, was established. This article discusses concepts of cryptocurrency, its relevance in the financial sector, its associated risks and establishes whether regulatory interference is necessary in order to combat money laundering using cryptocurrency. Currently, cryptocurrencies remain unregulated in South Africa. The article concludes that regulatory intervention is necessary and that cryptocurrencies should be integrated into relevant existing legislation.
A new species of the previously monotypic Neotropical cleptoparasitic bee genus Rhynostelis, with notes on Rhynostelis multiplicata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Authors: Mahlmann Thiago
Published: December 2020

A new species of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Rhynostelis Moure & Urban (Megachilidae: Anthidiini) from the Amazon rainforest in Brazil is described and figured. Until now, Rhynostelis multiplicata (Smith) was the only known species in the genus. Females of R. xavieri Mahlmann, new species, can be easily recognized by the larger protuberance on the base of each mandible and the basal projection of the clypeus, which is larger and flat, resembling a bird’s upper beak. Taxonomic notes are also provided for R. multiplicata and an update of occurrence records for the genus is given.
The development of diagnostic test instrument for mathematical representation ability (PhysDTRA) in high school physics learning
Authors: TUMANGGOR Awal Mulia Rejeki , SUPAHAR Supahar
Published: December 2020

Assessment in education is part of collecting and processing various information related to student achievements during learning. Good learning quality can be seen from the quality of the assessment. Assessment activities that help educators to find out the difficulty of students on a learning material so that it can be guided to achieve completeness criteria, namely by diagnostic tests. The assessment carried out must follow 21st-century learning that is integrated with the industrial era 4.0, namely how to diagnose difficulties related to the representation ability of students in physics learning by utilizing assessments that have advantages in detecting student difficulties and giving suggestions for appropriate improvement. The purpose of this research was to develop a test instrument (PhysDTRA) that could be used to diagnose students' mathematical representation abilities in high school physics learning. The results of the research were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using Item Response Theory (IRT). Based on the content validity, the PhysDTRA instrument was declared to be valid according to the expert judgments who were analyzed using the Aiken's V equation. All items in the test instrument were valid based on the Rasch, INFIT MNSQ, and INFIT t models. The PhysDTRA instrument has also been relied upon based on the reliability of the estimated items and TIC curves so that it can be used to diagnose and determine the profile of students' mathematical representation abilities. Thus, the PhysDTRA instrument developed has fulfilled the test characteristics that are feasible of its content, empirical evidence, validity, and reliability.
LooK SPOT Antigen Rapid Test System v2
Authors: Lai Diego
Published: December 2020

LooK SPOT COVID-19 antigen rapid test is a lateral flow immunoassay intended for the qualitative detection of nucleocapsid protein antigen from SARS-CoV-2 in nasal swabs from patients suspected of COVID-19 within the first seven (7) days of symptom onset. Testing is limited to laboratories certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA), 42 U.S.C. §263a, that meet the requirements to perform moderate complexity tests. This test is authorized for use at the Point of Care (POC), i.e., in a patient care settings operating under a CLIA Certificate of Waiver, Certificate of Compliance, or Certificate of Accreditation.]. Results are for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein antigen. The antigen is generally detectable in nasal samples during the acute phase of infection. Positive results indicate the presence of viral antigens, but the clinical correlation with patient history and other diagnostic information is necessary to determine infection status. Positive results do not rule out a bacterial infection or co-infection with other viruses. The agent detected may not be the definite cause of thedisease. Laboratories within the United States and its territories are required to report all positive results to the appropriate public health authorities. Negative results should be treated as presumptive, and do not rule out SARS-CoV-2 infection, and should not be used as the sole basis for treatment or patient management decisions, including infection control decisions. Negative results should be considered in the context of a patient's recent exposures, history, and the presence of clinical signs and symptoms consistent with COVID-19, and confirmed with a molecular assay, if necessary, for patient management. LooK SPOT COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test can deliver a diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus detection between 5 to 8 minutes by using machine learning AI. LooK SPOT’s AI algorithm has high accuracy and can identify the fluorescence response when human eyes cannot identify the low positive cases. Healthcare responders in the COVID-19 test sites often need to make time-sensitive decisions to determine the test results during the time many patients are within their vicinity. But the tempo, volume, stress, fatigue, lighting, fear, and various other factors can overwhelm healthcare responders when making the visual interpretation of antigen test results. It is of paramount importance to reduce healthcare responders' cognitive load by providing accurate test results in an easy-to-read format. LooK SPOT COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test is a COVID-19 rapid test solution designed with a tactical edge to fight COVID-19. The LooK SPOT COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test is intended for use at the Point of Care (POC) settings by trained personnel specifically instructed and trained in vitro diagnostic procedures. It is only for use under the Food and Drug Administration's Emergency Use Authorization.
Droplet LAMP based point-of-care assay for SARS-CoV-2 viral load quantification v2
Authors: Xu Peng , Servellita Venice , Langer Krzysztof , Murtaugh Gordon , Chiu Charles , R Abate Adam
Published: December 2020

We have developed a droplet digital LAMP(ddLAMP)-based assay for Point-of-Care (POC) testing and viral load measurement of SARS-COV-2. The assay has two key features: 1. ddLAMP directly counts viral load copy number rather than calculating from the CT value in qPCR, which no other POC tests can do. 2. ddLAMP shows more inhibitor tolrance than bulk assay and ideal for using raw samples. There is no sample processing (without adding any lysis buffer or reagents) and the sensitivity is equivalent to the CDC RT-PCR tests. With the viral load meausred frequenlty by our assay, it is easy to track the disease development and treatment effects, and therefore helps the physicians make clinical intervention decisions.
Sensitive lateral flow-based SARS-CoV-2 at-home test v2
Authors: Xu Peng , Servellita Venice , Langer Krzysztof , Murtaugh Gordon , R Abate Adam , Chiu Charles
Published: December 2020

We have developed a LAMP-based assay for COVID at-home self-testing. The assay includes only three simple steps: 1. Mix the sample with the LAMP reagents. 2. Incubate the reaction on a heating device. 3. Read the result by inserting a lateral flow strip into the tube. It is based on the nucleic acid detection rather than antibody detection used for many other later flow strip-based tests, so the sensitivity is much higher and similar to the RT-PCR tests. There is no sample processing (without adding any lysis buffer or reagents) and no complicated instruments involved, so non-professionals can follow the simple instructions and understand the results easily. The sample-to-answer turnaround time is about 30min. It is perfect for at-home self-testing.
Dental Calculus Field-Sampling Protocol (Sabin version) v2
Authors: Sabin Susanna , A Fellows Yates James
Published: December 2020

This protocol describes how to sample dental calculus from skeletal remains for biomolecular analysis. This protocol is particularly recommended for sampling calculus from teeth attached to a jaw bone, skull, or skeleton. The primary use-case is for DNA and proteomic analysis.