bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personalities in sync: The covariation of psychological resources in leader–follower dyads
Authors: Dóci Edina , Hofmans Joeri , Judge Timothy A
Published: May 2021

Based on a two-week daily diary study of 31 leader–follower dyads, this article demonstrates that within-person variation in the leader’s level of state core self-evaluations is associated with within-person variation in the follower’s level of state core self-evaluations. Moreover, we provide tentative evidence that this crossover effect might be mediated by transformational leadership behavior. Our study contributes to personality and leadership research by exploring within-leader, within-follower, and within-dyad personality processes. By showing that the personality states of leader and follower fluctuate in sync, we shed light on a new way in which leaders and followers connect.
Professional identity formation of female school principals: Gender and emotionality connections
Authors: Sánchez-Moreno Marita , López-Yáñez Julián , Toussaint-Banville Manon
Published: May 2021

This article presents a comparative analysis of the professional identity formation of three female principals of schools serving disadvantaged population in Spain. The focus on identity formation is complemented with parallel attention on gender and leader’s emotionality issues. The study embraces a qualitative-interpretive stance with a narrative methodological focus. The cases are framed within a broader study in which 73 male and female school principals participated in a training programme based on feedback and group coaching. Results confirm the multiple and multi-layered nature of professional identity declared in the theoretical framework. However, a diversity of patterns could be distinguished, from the managerial to the communitarian activist, with hybrid identity somewhere in the middle of such polarity. The way gendered emotions impacted the biographies of the cases was also analysed. Implications to the design and development of training programmes with a focus on leadership professional identity are suggested.
Stirling system optimization for series hybrid electric vehicles
Authors: Ghanem Charbel R , Gereige Elio N , Bou Nader Wissam S , Mansour Charbel J
Published: May 2021

There have been many studies conducted to replace the conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) with a more efficient engine, due to increasing regulations over vehicles’ emissions. Throughout the years, several external combustion engines were considered as alternatives to these traditional ICEs for their intrinsic benefits, among which are Stirling machines. These were formerly utilized in conventional powertrains; however, they were not implemented in hybrid vehicles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of implementing a Stirling engine in a series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) to substitute the ICE. Exergy analysis was conducted on a mathematical model, which was developed based on a real simple Stirling, to pinpoint the room for improvements. Then, based on this analysis, other configurations were retrieved to reduce exergy losses. Consequently, a Stirling-SHEV was modeled, to be integrated as auxiliary power unit (APU). Hereafter, through an exergo-technological detailed selection, the best configuration was found to be the Regenerative Reheat two stages serial Stirling (RRe-n2-S), offering the best efficiency and power combination. Then, this configuration was compared with the Regenerative Stirling (R-S) and the ICE in terms of fuel consumption, in the developed SHEV on the WLTC. This was performed using an Energy Management Strategy (EMS) consisting of a bi-level optimization technique, combining the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) with the Dynamic Programming (DP). This arrangement is used to diminish the fuel consumption, while considering the reduction of the APU’s ON/OFF switching times, avoiding technical issues. Results prioritized the RRe-n2-S presenting 12.1% fuel savings compared to the ICE and 14.1% savings compared to the R-S.
A new model for stress analysis in pin–Plate interference fit joints under tension loading
Authors: Zheng Guo , Cao Zengqiang , Zuo Duquan , Cao Yuejie
Published: May 2021

The decrease of stress amplitude is generally believed as the mechanism of fatigue life enhancement in interference fit joints under cyclic loading for each load cycle. In order to exactly estimate it, a new analytical model was presented. In this model, influences of mass, geometry, and plastic deformation are considered to modify and improve the spring model, and, moreover, the stress amplitude at the smallest crossing section is investigated. Taking these factors into account, stress amplitude decrease of various interference values can be calculated more accurately; therefore, the analytical solutions have good agreement with the finite element numerical and experimental results under different interference values and load levels. The analytical model indicates that the decrease ratio of stress amplitude is of a certain value for a specific interference value with the external load under the critical value. Furthermore, the decrease ratio of stress amplitude mainly depends on the stiffness of the pin and plate, which is mostly affected by the geometric shapes and plastic deformation ranges of the pin and plate. In addition, raising the interference value leads to larger stress amplitude reduction since the plastic deformation areas expand with the increment of interference values.
Isoniazid preventive therapy use among adult people living with HIV in Zimbabwe
Authors: Takamiya Mayuko , Takarinda Kudawashe , Balachandra Shrish , Godfrey Musuka , Radin Elizabeth , Hakim Avi , Pearson Michelle L , Choto Regis , Sandy Charles , Maphosa Talent , Rogers John H
Published: May 2021

We assessed the prevalence of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) uptake and explored factors associated with IPT non-uptake among people living with HIV (PLHIV) using nationally representative data from the Zimbabwe Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZIMPHIA) 2015–2016. This was a cross-sectional study of 3418 PLHIV ZIMPHIA participants eligible for IPT, aged ≥15 years and in HIV care. Logistic regression modeling was performed to assess factors associated with self-reported IPT uptake. All analyses accounted for multistage survey design. IPT uptake among PLHIV was 12.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.4–14.1). After adjusting for sex, age, rural/urban residence, TB screening at the last clinic visit, and hazardous alcohol use, rural residence was the strongest factor associated with IPT non-uptake (adjusted OR (aOR): 2.39, 95% CI: 1.82–3.12). Isoniazid preventive therapy non-uptake having significant associations with no TB screening at the last HIV care (aOR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.54–2.78) and with hazardous alcohol use only in urban areas (aOR: 10.74, 95% CI: 3.60–32.0) might suggest suboptimal IPT eligibility screening regardless of residence, but more so in rural areas. Self-reported IPT use among PLHIV in Zimbabwe was low, 2 years after beginning national scale-up. This shows the importance of good TB screening procedures for successful IPT implementation.
The role of circumcision, tobacco, and alcohol use in genital human papillomavirus infection among men from Denmark
Authors: Hebnes Julie B , Munk Christian , Frederiksen Kirsten , Joergensen Hans O , Iftner Thomas , Kjaer Susanne K
Published: May 2021

It is crucial to understand the natural history of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men to prevent the increasing male HPV-related disease burden. We evaluated the associations between HPV infection and circumcision, smoking, and alcohol use after accounting for sexual behavior. The study included 2331 male personnel from Danish barracks. Penile swabs were tested for HPV DNA with a polymerase chain reaction assay, INNO-LiPA. All men completed a self-administered questionnaire providing data on potential risk factors for HPV such as lifestyle and sexual habits. Using multivariable logistic regression, associations between potential risk factors and HPV infection were estimated and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Current cigarette smoking was associated with increased odds of HPV detection (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0–1.4), but we found no association with alcohol use in the analysis adjusted for sexual behavior. Circumcision reduced the odds of a prevalent HPV infection (OR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–1.0) although not statistically significantly. Strong associations with lifetime and recent number of female sex partners were observed, but in contrast to uncircumcised men, increasing number of sex partners was not associated with higher HPV prevalence in circumcised men. In conclusion, smoking was associated with increased odds of penile HPV in men from the general population in Denmark, whereas circumcision seemed to reduce the risk. Moreover, our results indicated that there might be differences in the viral susceptibility between circumcised and uncircumcised men.
How Long Does It Take for a Voice to Become Familiar? Speech Intelligibility and Voice Recognition Are Differentially Sensitive to Voice Training
Authors: Holmes Emma , To Grace , Johnsrude Ingrid S.
Published: May 2021

When people listen to speech in noisy places, they can understand more words spoken by someone familiar, such as a friend or partner, than someone unfamiliar. Yet we know little about how voice familiarity develops over time. We exposed participants ( N = 50) to three voices for different lengths of time (speaking 88, 166, or 478 sentences during familiarization and training). These previously heard voices were recognizable and more intelligible when presented with a competing talker than novel voices—even the voice previously heard for the shortest duration. However, recognition and intelligibility improved at different rates with longer exposures. Whereas recognition was similar for all previously heard voices, intelligibility was best for the voice that had been heard most extensively. The speech-intelligibility benefit for the most extensively heard voice (10%–15%) is as large as that reported for voices that are naturally very familiar (friends and spouses)—demonstrating that the intelligibility of a voice can be improved substantially after only an hour of training.
Wearing the wolf skin: psychiatry and the phenomenon of the berserker in medieval Scandinavia
Authors: Heath Michael , Cooper Max
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the berserker, a frenzied warrior attested to in both the written and material sources of medieval Scandinavia, and elucidates the characteristics that define him. It critiques explanations for the phenomenon offered in the existing historiography and whether this can be explained as a psychiatric diagnosis. It concludes that the berserker cannot be simply defined as a culturally bound or other psychiatric syndrome, or accounted for by psychogenic drugs alone. Instead, it proposes that berserk frenzy constituted a transitory dissociative state shared among a small warband steeped in religious/spiritual ideology. In entering this state, the psyche of the berserker was reconstituted in an almost archetypal pattern. Further research is required into this phenomenon in other contexts, including modern conflicts.
Pleiotropy of systemic lupus erythematosus risk alleles and cardiometabolic disorders: A phenome-wide association study and inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis
Authors: Kawai Vivian K , Shi Mingjian , Liu Ge , Feng QiPing , Wei WeiQi , Chung Cecilia P , Walunas Theresa L , Gordon Adam S , Linneman James G , Hebbring Scott J , Harley John B , Cox Nancy J , Roden Dan M , Stein C Michael , Mosley Jonathan D
Published: May 2021

Objectives

To test the hypothesis that genetic predisposition to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increases the risk of cardiometabolic disorders.

Methods

Using 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SLE, we calculated a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) for SLE. In a large biobank we tested the association between this wGRS and 9 cardiometabolic phenotypes previously associated with SLE: atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, coronary artery disease, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Additionally, we performed a phenome-wide association analysis (pheWAS) to discover novel clinical associations with a genetic predisposition to SLE. Findings were replicated in the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network. To further define the association between SLE-related risk alleles and the selected cardiometabolic phenotypes, we performed an inverse variance weighted regression (IVWR) meta-analysis.

Results

The wGRS for SLE was calculated in 74,759 individuals of European ancestry. Among the pre-selected phenotypes, the wGRS was significantly associated with type 1 diabetes (OR [95%CI] =1.11 [1.06, 1.17], P-value = 1.05x10−5). In the PheWAS, the wGRS was associated with several autoimmune phenotypes, kidney disorders, and skin neoplasm; but only the associations with autoimmune phenotypes were replicated. In the IVWR meta-analysis, SLE-related risk alleles were nominally associated with type 1 diabetes (P = 0.048) but the associations were heterogeneous and did not meet the adjusted significance threshold.

Conclusion

A weighted GRS for SLE was associated with an increased risk of several autoimmune-related phenotypes including type I diabetes but not with cardiometabolic disorders.
Conservation is Development in the Forests of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve, India
Authors: Gupta Priya
Published: May 2021

The relationship between conservation and development has undergone extensive scrutiny, primarily because of their outward antagonistic appearance. Recent work points to their complex intermingling, such as the potential economic benefits of conservation. In this article, I argue that conservation is an inherent part of the development regime. I argue this by describing conservation practices in Nagarahole Tiger Reserve that rely on scientific governance, an essential mechanism of the development regime. I trace this regime from its inception in the colonial period through forestry operations to its continuance in the conservation regime instituted post-independence. However, despite their co-evolution, this relationship is neither simple nor straightforward. I show how everyday governance draws on customary practices and experiential knowledge of local communities inhabiting Nagarahole. This aspect is devalourized in the official governance regime to the extent that these communities are disenfranchized from their lands. By establishing conservation as development, I suggest that conservation projects should be subjected to the same level of scrutiny and examination usually allocated to development projects, which are associated with exploitation, control and drastic modification of the landscapes we inhabit.
Decentralization and Its Impact on Growth in India
Authors: de Xavier Fernanda Andrade , Lolayekar Aparna P. , Mukhopadhyay Pranab
Published: May 2021

We study the effect of revenue decentralization (RD) and expenditure decentralization (ED) on sub-national growth in India from 1981–1982 to 2015–2016 for 14 large (non-special-category) states. Our study provides evidence that both RD and ED play a defining role in India’s sub-national growth in this three-and-a-half-decade period. We use a panel data model with fixed effects (FE) and Driscoll and Kraay standard errors that control for heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and cross-sectional dependence. To test for causality between growth and decentralization, we use the Granger non-causality test. The regression analysis is supplemented with the distribution dynamics approach. We find that: (a) While decentralization Granger-caused economic growth, the reverse causality effect of growth on decentralization was not significant; (b) Economic growth increased significantly after liberalization; (c) Decentralization, capital expenditure and social expenditure had significant positive impacts on economic growth; and (d) States that had high levels of decentralization also had high levels of per capita income, while states that had low decentralization also exhibited low per capita income.
“I can’t just post anything I want”: Self-management of South Korean sports stars on social media
Authors: Yoo Eunhye
Published: May 2021

This study explores the influence and sociocultural meaning of self-management of South Korean sports stars in the context of their social media activity. The study utilizes netnography to analyze social media posts to determine the meaning of sports stars’ self-management. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with study participants. Ten South Korean sports stars, who are active users of Instagram, were selected as the study participants. Photographs, videos, and stories from their accounts—around 1800 posts in total—were analyzed. The results indicated that the sports stars attempted to share their daily lives on social media to build a close relationship with the public. Moreover, they used their accounts to publicize their commercialized selves and to promote their sponsors. They uploaded only strictly composed and curated posts on their accounts as a form of self-censorship. Finally, it was determined that digital labor was used for self-management on social media, where there is no distinction between public and private territory. A sports star has become a self-living commercial today, and self-management is now a prerequisite for survival. Thus, self-management on social media has become a requirement for sports stars.
Entrepreneurial Identity: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Radu-Lefebvre Miruna , Lefebvre Vincent , Crosina Eliana , Hytti Ulla
Published: May 2021

Over the past three decades, research on entrepreneurial identity (EI) has grown particularly rapidly, yet in seemingly disparate directions. To lend structure to this fragmented field of inquiry, our systematic integrative review maps and integrates EI research based on antecedents, content, outcomes as well as their relationships. In so doing, we reveal that the field revolves around two primary conceptualizations of EI as Property or Process. We suggest future avenues for examining the interplay between EI and temporal, socio-cognitive, and spatial contexts, and for investigating and theorizing overlooked mechanisms of reconstructing and losing EI.
Efficiency loss and support for income redistribution: Evidence from a laboratory experiment
Authors: Tepe Markus , Paetzel Fabian , Lorenz Jan , Lutz Maximilian
Published: May 2021

Income redistribution with an efficiency loss is expected to have a twofold negative effect on support for redistribution, as it lowers egoistic support for redistribution and activates efficiency preferences. This study tests whether such a negative relationship exists, increases with the size of efficiency loss and interacts with group communication and the income position. We present a laboratory experiment in which subjects receive a randomly allocated income and must coordinate on a majority tax rate using a deliberative communication tool. The rate of money lost as a part of the redistribution process is manipulated as a treatment variable (0%, 5%, 20%, or 60%). Experimental evidence shows that efficiency loss exerts a robust negative effect on support for redistribution. The effect shows a tipping point pattern, is stronger at the lower end of the income distribution and is not fully explained by egoistic preferences. Inefficiency matters mostly for the chosen tax rate after group communication. At an efficiency loss of 60%, however, group communication does not affect support for redistribution, which implies that inefficiencies tend to play a minor role in the context of redistribution as long as they are within a moderate range.

JEL Classification: C91, C92, D63, D72
Effectiveness of Virtual Resilience Training on Assertiveness in Student Girls Aged 9–10 Years: A 1-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Gadari Shima , Farokhzadian Jamile , Shahrbabaki Parvin Mangolian
Published: May 2021

Girls between the ages of 9 and 10 begin to experience physical, physiological, and hormonal changes that may lead to internal stress. At this age, children are struggling for autonomy; on the other hand, they may experience emotional instability, and for these reasons, they may be vulnerable in many ways. This experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of resilience training on assertiveness in student girls aged 9–10. Data were collected before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention in the control ( n = 40) and intervention ( n = 37) groups. There was a significant difference between the assertiveness of the intervention immediately (26.80 ± 3.73) and 1 month after the intervention (27.05 ± 3.73), and assertiveness significantly increased in the intervention group ( p = .0001). Resilience training leads to improvements in assertiveness in student girls aged 9–10.
Pazopanib-associated secondary adrenal insufficiency in a patient with malignant solitary fibrous tumor
Authors: Er Muhammed Muhiddin , Araz Murat , Karabacak Meryem , Uğraklı Muzaffer , Eryılmaz Melek Karakurt , Karaağaç Mustafa , Artaç Mehmet
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Pazopanib is an agent that is being successfully used in soft tissue sarcomas. Some endocrine side effects may develop during pazopanib treatment. Here, we presented a case diagnosed with secondary adrenal insufficiency while being investigated for etiology of hypoglycemia which developed after pazopanib.

Case report

A 69-year-old male patient was operated in June 2019 due to a lung mass 26 × 18 × 10 cm in size. Pathological diagnosis revealed a solitary fibrous tumor with malignant behavior. The patient received three lines of chemotherapy. After pazopanib treatment, a hypoglycemic attack was reported. Management and outcome: Blood cortisol and ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) levels were not increased at the time of the hypoglycemic attack, and levels of other pituitary hormones were found to be normal. Electrolyte levels were in normal range. Since the counteracting hormone did not reach a sufficient level, it was considered secondary adrenal insufficiency. Hypoglycemic attacks did not occur during follow-up while taking steroid therapy and pazopanib.

Discussion

A single case of primary adrenal insufficiency has been reported in the literature. We here present a case who developed hypoglycemia after pazopanib and was diagnosed with drug-associated secondary adrenal insufficiency. When hypoglycemia develops during pazopanib treatment, we must be aware of adrenal insufficiency.
The Effects of Aggression Subtypes on Burnout and Caregiver Instability in Direct Support Professionals
Authors: Nevill Rose E. , Istvan Emily M. , Havercamp Susan M.
Published: May 2021

Aggression is a known contributor to burnout and caregiver instability among direct support professionals (DSPs) caring for adults with developmental disabilities. However, few studies have explored the differential effects of aggression subtypes on caregivers and what implications these may have for intervention planning. This longitudinal study examined whether different types of aggression were associated with greater burnout and instability in DSPs. Ninety DSPs reported on their experiences working with aggressive clients with developmental disabilities at baseline and at a 3-month follow-up. Participants were roughly representative of the population of DSPs in the United States. Verbal aggression and reduced length of time knowing the aggressive adult significantly predicted caregiver instability, with participants who had stopped working with the aggressive adult experiencing significantly worse verbal aggression than participants who were still working with the adult at follow-up. Hostile affect significantly predicted burnout. Verbal aggression and hostility, which are less frequently targeted for intervention as more dangerous forms of aggression, pose risks for caregivers and therefore warrant active attention through intervention. DSPs would benefit from training on how to diffuse and redirect verbal aggression and hostility, as well as use coping strategies to mitigate against the negative emotional effects of aggression.
Spanish physical education teachers’ perceptions of talent development
Authors: Prieto-Ayuso Alejandro , León María Pilar , Contreras-Jordán Onofre Ricardo , Morley David
Published: May 2021

Since Bailey and Morley (2006) developed a model of talent development (TD) in physical education (PE), several researchers have attempted to understand TD in the PE context. However, the definition of ‘talent’ in PE remains unclear. Currently, identifying refers to using a range of predefined criteria to recognise potential; providing to offering support for those identified; and developing to the process of defining, identifying, and providing talent in PE. This study aimed to examine secondary school PE teachers’ perceptions of TD processes in PE. A purposive sample of 20 Spanish PE teachers was interviewed (n = 17 males and 3 females). Through thematic analysis, five main themes were identified. Teachers associated talented students in PE with physical abilities. Teachers suggested several limiting factors in identifying and supporting talent within PE, including a lack of curricular guidelines, knowledge, and time. However, some teachers acknowledged that they were not equipped with strategies for TD in PE. Some teachers employed strategies to limit the abilities of talented students and balance the level of the class, while others found it difficult to develop talent in PE. Additionally, extracurricular activities were considered to play a key role in TD. Furthermore, teachers’ pedagogy might be biased when developing talented students in PE, as the difference between sports talent and PE talent is unclear. Our results reveal a need for professional development in TD for PE teachers.
A patient education intervention improved rates of successful video visits during rapid implementation of telehealth
Authors: Gusdorf Roman E , Shah Kaustav P , Triana Austin J , McCoy Allison B , Pabla Baldeep , Scoville Elizabeth , Dalal Robin , Beaulieu Dawn B , Schwartz David A , Horst Sara N , Griffith Michelle L
Published: May 2021

Introduction

The need to rapidly implement telehealth at large scale during the COVID-19 pandemic led to many patients using telehealth for the first time. We assessed the effect of structured pre-visit preparatory telephone calls on success of telehealth visits and examined risk factors for unsuccessful visits.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was carried out of 45,803 adult patients scheduled for a total of 64,447 telehealth appointments between March and July 2020 at an academic medical center. A subset of patients received a structured pre-visit phone call. Demographic factors and inclusion of a pre-visit call were analysed by logistic regression. Primary outcomes were non-completion of any visit and completion of phone-only versus audio-visual telehealth visits.

Results

A pre-visit telephone call to a subset of patients significantly increased the likelihood of a successful telehealth visit (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.48–0.60). Patients aged 18–30 years, those with non-commercial insurance or those of Black race were more likely to have incomplete visits. Compared to age 18–30, increasing age increased likelihood of a failed video visit: 31–50 years (OR 1.31; 95% CI: 1.13–1.51), 51–70 years (OR 2.98; 2.60–3.42) and >70 years (OR 4.16; 3.58–4.82). Those with non-commercial insurance and those of Black race (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.67–1.92) were more likely to have a failed video visit.

Discussion

A structured pre-call to patients improved the likelihood of a successful video visit during widespread adoption of telehealth. Structured pre-calls to patients may be an important tool to help reduce gaps in utilization among groups.
Place, health and dis/advantage: A sociomaterial analysis
Authors: Fox Nick J. , Powell Katie
Published: May 2021

The substantial literature on interactions between places/spaces and well-being/health often differentiate between physical and social aspects of geographical location. This paper sidesteps this dualism, instead considering places as sociomaterial assemblages of human and non-human materialities. It uses this posthuman and ‘new materialist’ perspective to explore how place-assemblages affect human capacities, in terms of both health and social dis/advantage. Based on secondary analysis of interview data on human/place interactions, it analyses the physical, sociocultural, psychological and emotional effects of place-assemblages, assessing how these produce opportunities for, and constraints upon human bodies. It than assesses how these emergent capacities affect both social dis/advantage and well-being. This analysis of how place-assemblages contribute positively or negatively to health and dis/advantage offers possibilities for further research and for social and public health policy.
Frictional damping in hollow beam structures joined by bolts, rivets, and adhesive
Authors: Adams RD , Brearley T , Nehammer E , Rouse E , Vaughan D
Published: May 2021

The objective of this work was to investigate how different joining techniques affect the level of damping in structures. Beams were constructed from four different joining techniques, bolting, riveting, adhesive bonding, and brazing by joining two lengths of steel each with a ‘U’-shaped cross-section. They were joined such that the edges of the ‘U’ overlapped to form a tube. The damping of each beam was determined by flexural vibration. The bolted beam had a series of bolts along its length. The effect of removing bolts was investigated. It was found that removing bolts increased damping. When bolts were removed successively from holes at the end of the beam, the damping increased more than when bolts were removed from holes in the middle of the beam. A further objective of this project was to investigate the effect of introducing penetrant between two surfaces. WD-40 was introduced between the contacting surfaces for the beams joined by mechanical fastening. The penetrant had the effect of increasing damping. This may be because the penetrant has the effect of increasing the relative displacement between the two beams, leading to greater energy dissipation. Introducing penetrant also changed the order of which beam had the greatest damping, with the bolted beam now having greater damping than the riveted beam. The effect of increasing bolt tension on the bolted beam was also investigated. When the beams were dry, increasing bolt tension reduced the damping, but when penetrant was introduced increasing the bolt tension increased the damping. A comparison between the damping properties from different joining techniques was made. The conclusions could be applied in industry by engineers constructing beams of a similar fashion.
Turbulent flow structure over rough side-wall surface under wave-against-current motion
Authors: Hansda Sunil , Debnath Koustuv
Published: May 2021

An experimental study of periodic surface waves acting against the turbulent currents under the influence of smooth and rough side wall is presented. Flow structure for current alone, and combined wave against current flows over smooth and rough side walls were measured with Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter to resolve the changes in the mean flow and turbulence characteristics resulting from the interaction of the flow and the wall roughness. Turbulent velocity fluctuations were analysed to characterise the turbulence and coherent structures and integral length and time scales were evaluated from the autocorrelation function estimates. Further the Kolmogorov length scales were determined using energy dissipation rate. Results show that the dissipation rate is greater for wave against current flow compared to the current alone flow for rough side walls. The streamwise integral length scale at the measured locations reduced with the increase in wave frequency acting against the current flow. Close to the wall surface, the effect of roughness attenuated the integral length scale and increased the turbulent dissipation rate. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was used as a tool to detect and establish the average time and length scales of largest horizontal coherent structures that existed in the wave against current combined flow.
Fostering Self-Regulated Learning in Primary School Students: Can Additional Teacher Training Enhance the Effectiveness of an Intervention?
Authors: Benick Manuela , Dörrenbächer-Ulrich Laura , Weißenfels Marie , Perels Franziska
Published: May 2021

Teachers play a key role in the development of self-regulated learning (SRL), especially in primary education. However, current results indicate that teachers are either inadequately or only moderately fulfilling this key function, as they spend little time in the instruction of SRL strategies. The objective of the current study was, therefore, to develop an intervention that guides teachers to provide students with SRL strategies and investigate if additional teacher training (ATT) can enhance the intervention effects. Data of 607 fourth-graders were used to analyze their SRL within a pretest/posttest control-group design using a questionnaire and a learning diary. Contrasting the data of the groups actively participating in the intervention (simple intervention group and trained-teachers intervention group) with the data of a passive control group revealed positive effects of the intervention in terms of an increase in their reported use of SRL strategies (questionnaire and diary data). However, we found no transfer effects on achievement, as well as that the ATT had no beneficial effect on results at the student level. For fourth-graders, the developed intervention seems appropriate to impart SRL strategies to them. For teachers, it represents a potential opportunity to instruct SRL strategies to their students in their classes.
Social Norms Sustaining Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review of Methodologies for Proxy Measures
Authors: Seff Ilana
Published: May 2021

In light of the many robust quantitative data sets that include information on attitudes and behaviors related to intimate partner violence (IPV), and in an effort to expand the evidence base around social norms and IPV, many researchers construct proxy measures of norms within and across groups embedded in the data. While this strategy has become increasingly popular, there is no standardized approach for assessing and constructing these norm proxies, and no review of these approaches has been undertaken to date. This study presents the results of a systematic review of methods used to construct quantitative proxy measures for social norms related to IPV. PubMed, Embase, Popline, and Scopus, and PsycINFO were searched using Boolean search techniques. Inclusion criteria comprised studies published since 2000 in English that either (i) examined a norm proxy related to gender or IPV or (ii) analyzed the relationship between a norm proxy and perpetration of, experiences of, or attitudes toward IPV. Studies that employed qualitative methods or that elicited direct measures of descriptive or injunctive norms were not included. Twenty-six studies were eligible for review. Evidence from this review highlights inconsistencies in how proxies are constructed, how they are assessed to ensure valid representation of norms, and how researchers acknowledge their respective method’s limitations. Key processes and reflections employed by some of the studies are identified and recommended for future research inquiries.
Preparation and characterization of a novel ACF-TpPa-1 composite for dye adsorption
Authors: Han Ying , Li Jiaxun , He Bobing , Li Lixin
Published: May 2021

Environmental challenges, especially dye wastewater produced by printing and dyeing industry, pose a serious threat to global public health, and it is an urgent problem to realize harmless treatment of dye wastewater. Here, the combination of covalent organic framework materials (TpPa-1) and biological matrix materials (CF) was explored for the adsorption of dyes for the first time. The functional ACF-TpPa-1 composite adsorption materials were successfully prepared with collagen fiber (CF) made of leather waste as matrix, ethylenediamine (EDA) and covalent organic framework material (TpPa-1) as modified raw materials. It’s structure and properties were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed that ACF-TpPa-1 had an adsorption capacity of 257.98 and 449.54 mg/g for acid fuchsia and reactive blue 19, respectively. It also showed excellent adsorption/desorption performance and repeatability after six cycles. As a collagen-based dye adsorbent with pH response, it has potential application prospects in the treatment of dye wastewater.
Blending Indigenous Sharing Circle and Western Focus Group Methodologies for the Study of Indigenous Children’s Health: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hunt Sarah C. , Young Nancy L.
Published: May 2021

The primary objective of this systematic review was to investigate how Western focus groups and Indigenous sharing circles have been blended for the study of Indigenous children’s health. The secondary objective of this study was to propose recommendations for adapting focus groups to include elements of sharing circles. This systematic review was conducted using a systematic search of original research articles published between 2009 and 2020 that (a) focused on North American Indigenous children’s health and (b) used group-based qualitative methods including focus groups and sharing circles. Each of the articles was screened for relevance and quality. The methods sections were reviewed, subjected to qualitative content analysis, and codes were analyzed to identify common themes and synthesize results. We identified 29 articles, most of which followed a community-based participatory research approach. In these publications, most included a community advisory board, ethics approval was obtained, and in some cases, community members were included as research assistants. There was evidence that sharing circles and focus group methods had been blended in the recent Indigenous children’s health literature. This was particularly apparent in the authors’ approaches to recruitment, location, facilitation techniques, question format and reimbursement. Several groups have published results that describe approaches that successfully incorporated aspects of Indigenous sharing circles into Western focus groups, thus establishing a research method that is culturally safe and appropriate for the study of Indigenous children’s health.
Effects of acupuncture on pain and levels of IL-17 and IL-23 in the treatment of non-thermal endovenous ablation: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Orak Yavuz , Eroğlu Erdinç , Baylan Filiz Alkan , Yıldız Sedat , Boran Ömer Faruk , Doganer Adem , Altun Ahmet
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Acupuncture is one of the oldest therapeutic interventions in the world for the treatment of pain, musculoskeletal diseases, and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acupuncture on pain and IL-17 and IL-23 levels in the treatment of endovenous ablation.

Methods

The study was a randomized controlled trial. Patients were divided into group C (Control, n = 35) and group A (Acupuncture, n = 35). Group A patients were treated with acupuncture 24 h preoperatively. Follow-up checkups were conducted intraoperatively, postoperatively, and on the third day.

Results

There was no difference between men; there was a difference between women. Visual analog scale score was lower in group A at the intraoperative third and fifth minutes (0.00 vs. 1 and 0.00 vs. 0.5). Analgesic consumption was lower in group A at the end of third day ( p = 0.024). Postoperative IL-17 levels were higher than preoperative levels in group A (23.58 vs. 19.33). Postoperative IL-23 levels were lower than preoperative levels in group A (13.66 vs. 29.51). Group C showed increased postoperative IL-23 levels (28.81 vs. 33.51). Preoperative IL-17 and postoperative IL-23 levels were lower in group A than in group C (19.33 vs. 27.69 and 13.66 vs. 33.51). Although no difference was observed between group A and group C in preoperative saphenous vein diameter, postoperative saphenous vein diameter was smaller in group A ( p = 0.008). Saphenous vein diameter was smaller on day 3 in group A than in group C ( p = 0.043).

Conclusion

Acupuncture is effective on acute pain and level of IL-23 in the treatment of endovenous ablation using cyanoacrylate.
Leadership legitimacy and the mobilization of capital(s): Disrupting politics and reproducing heteronormativity
Authors: Stead Valerie , Elliott Carole , Gardiner Rita A
Published: May 2021

The rise of populist leaders in the political sphere mounts a challenge to normative understandings of leadership. To better understand this challenge, we examine how political leaders mobilize different forms of social capital in pursuit of leadership legitimacy, providing insight into the dynamics of how leadership norms are maintained. While research has tended to focus on specific forms of capital, this article considers capital as multidimensional and strategically mobilized. The article applies a multimodal analysis to examine interactions between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton during peak ‘Twitter Moments’ of the three 2016 presidential election debates. We theorize the paradoxical dynamics of the mobilization of multiple capitals and their intersection as a simultaneously disruptive and reproductive resource. While the mobilization of multiple capitals operates to disrupt traditional notions of who can claim legitimacy as a leader in the political field, their disruptive mobilization serves to reproduce implicit heteronormative leadership values. Hence, our theorization illuminates the resilience of implicit leadership values, and their intimate connection with heteronormativity, calling for the need to interrogate leadership legitimacy claims that promise ‘new’ approaches.
Musculoskeletal ultrasound features-based scoring system can evaluate the severity of gout and asymptomatic hyperuricaemia
Authors: Liu Fengjing , Chen Si , Hu Zhumeng , Chen Jie , Jiang Lixin , Qu Shen , Chen Haibing
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

To develop a tool which can evaluate the severity of the joint injury in individuals with gout and asymptomatic hyperuricaemia.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 616 male patients: 245 with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and 371 with intercritical gout. All patients underwent ultrasonography of the knee, ankle and first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. Ultrasound features that were significantly different between groups were entered into a binary logistic regression analysis to identify discriminative factors. The ultrasound signs were scored based on their odds ratios, which were then used to evaluate the severity of gout and asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. The performance of the ultrasound score was validated in an additional population including 163 patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and 196 patients with gout.

Results:

Ultrasound signs were scored as follows: knee joint: synovial effusion, 2 points, tophus, 5 points; ankle joint: synovial effusion, 2 points, synovial hypertrophy, 5 points, tophus, 3 points, bone erosion, 7 points; and first MTP joint: double contour sign, 2 points, synovial hypertrophy, 3 points, tophus, 9 points, bone erosion, 4 points. The maximum possible total score was 42. The optimal cut-off score for gout was 6.5. The sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were 86.9%, 75.2% and 0.878, respectively. The patients were stratified according to their ultrasound score (range 0–42). The prevalence of intercritical gout, tophi, and bone erosion increased with the increase of the score. In the validation population, 83.20% of 193 patients with gout had ultrasound scores above 6.5; 76.10% of 163 patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia had ultrasound scores under 6.5.

Conclusion:

The scoring system based on the differential ultrasound signs can effectively evaluate the severity of joint injury in individuals with gout and asymptomatic hyperuricaemia.
No man is an island
Authors: Colebrook Claire
Published: May 2021

In their article on Anthropocene islands, Chandler and Pugh explore the rich relationship between the politics of islands and the grand scale of the Anthropocene. In their complex account of the Anthropocene’s grand scale and the island’s transformative complexity, they stress the intricate relationality generated from the encounter among multiple spaces on the globe, none of which is master of the whole. In this commentary, I add the thought of the resistance and non-relationality of islands, once one thinks of islands in a counter-anthropocentric sense.
Island ceremony and submerged worlds
Authors: Sheller Mimi
Published: May 2021

Chandler and Pugh’s (2021) ambitious undertaking is to understand how islands have not only become emblematic sites within a wide range of Anthropocene scholarship, but also ‘generative forces’ at the center of Anthropocene thinking. At the core of their analysis is the idea of ‘relational entanglements’, which are embodied through the four organizational devices they have identified of resilience, patchworks, correlation and storiation, each being different modalities of relational thinking. In this commentary, I reflect on both the promise and limits of this Anthropocene Islands project, engaging with its generativity to also push against its boundaries. I emphasize the origins of relational thinking in Caribbean theory; question the materiality of islands as sites for Anthropocene thinking; and posit the significance of Caribbean, Pacific Islander, and Indigenous animistic and shamanistic spiritual practices for being in ceremony with geo-spiritualities that connect human beings with submerged worlds.
Cardiac index is associated with oxygenation in COVID‐19 acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Poor Hooman D. , Rurak Kevin , Howell Daniel , Lee Alison G. , Colicino Elena , Reynolds Alexandra S. , Reilly Kaitlin , Tolbert Thomas , Mustafa Ali , Ventetuolo Corey E.
Published: May 2021

Eleven participants with COVID‐19 acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation underwent pulmonary artery catheterization for clinical indications. Clinical interventions or events concurrent with hemodynamic were recorded. Increased cardiac index was associated with worse hypoxemia. Modulation of cardiac index may improve hypoxemia in patients with COVID‐19 acute respiratory distress syndrome.
On the undisclosed transfer of abusive Catholic priests: A field theoretical analysis of the sexual repression within the Catholic Church and the use of legitimate language
Authors: Armbruster André
Published: May 2021

Catholic priests who sexually abused minors were transferred to other parishes without disclosing the actual reason for their transfer. Based on reports from Ireland, Germany, and the USA, and relying on Bourdieu’s concepts of field and habitus, this article demonstrates that first, the practices of denying and withholding information even to fellow priests are consequences of the repression of sexuality within the Catholic Church. The Church has not provided a legitimate language for priests to be able to engage openly about sexuality. Sexual repression as a field structure is incorporated into the priests’ habitus, resulting in self-censorship when it comes to articulating the issue of sexual abuse. Secondly, the article accounts for the change within the Catholic field and the priest’s habitus, which has resulted in the facility to verbally express sexual matters in order that the undisclosed practice of transferring abusive priests finally stopped.