bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Oil-water Two-phase Flow Interface Tracking
Authors: Hu Hua , Li Tao , Xie Jiaan , Wen Yuqi , Deng Shengchu , Ma Shouxiao , Liu Lishu
Published: December 2023

The insulation performance of transformer oil has a great connection with the stable operation of power systems, and transformer oil will inevitably be mixed with water and other impurities in the actual operation. To explore the mechanism of the influence of suspended water droplets on the insulation performance of transformer oil, this paper uses the phase field method to simulate the interaction and phase transition process between oil and water phases in motion. They systematically analyse the influence of electric field and oil flow parameters on the deformation and coalescence of water droplets. The results indicate that droplets in the oil channel will deform along the direction of the electric field, and the degree of deformation gradually increases with the increase of the electric field strength. The electric field strength has an important impact on the degree of deformation of droplets in the oil channel. In addition, under the same electric field intensity, the radius of droplets is an important factor that leads to the length of aggregation time of droplets. Research has found that the aggregation time between droplets becomes shorter as the radius gradually increases.
A collaborative optimal allocation method for thermal power-energy storage considering system operating costs
Authors: Deng Xiaodong , Li Juan , Zhou Ye , Liu Lili
Published: December 2023

Energy storage is an important way to solve the problems of system power support and new energy consumption. Based on the installed scale of various power sources and load forecast results in the planning year, the power balance calculation of typical methods is used to provide the basis for the calculation of the volume ratio relationship of thermal energy and energy storage. Then, a model is established for the relationship between thermal energy and energy storage to obtain a variety of thermal energy and energy storage installed capacity combinations. This paper proposes a system operation cost objective function to compare the annual cost and new energy consumption rate of thermal energy and energy storage. The aim is to obtain a combination of energy storage and thermal energy that meets the new energy consumption level of the system and has a relatively reasonable annual operation cost. This paper proposes a collaborative optimal allocation method for thermal energy and energy storage that takes into account the system operating costs. It will help guide the development of power resources in the region in the medium to long term and ensure the load supply requirements and power regulation capacity of the power system.
Unit Commitment Considering Long-term Supply Risk of Natural Gas Pipeline Network
Authors: Lin Jianing , Xu Lizhong , Sun Ke , Tang Qiwen , Zhou Ziqing
Published: December 2023

As the coupling degree of the natural gas pipeline network (NGPN) and the power system increase, unreliable gas supply risk related to random failures in NGPN has threatened the operation security of the power system. However, present studies seldom discuss the effect of natural gas supply reliability on power system operation. In this manner, a stochastic unit commitment model is presented with the consideration of long-term gas supply risk in NGPN. Firstly, with the combination of the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique and the maximum-flow algorithm, the failure scenario set corresponding to gas supply risk can be obtained. Then, a two-stage model for unit commitment is established considering gas supply uncertainty based on the stochastic optimization model. Finally, case studies have shown that the power operation reliability has been improved with the increased reliability indices.
Optical Cable Fault Diagnosis and Auxiliary Decision-making Based on Knowledge Graph
Authors: Li Yang , Li Can , Wang Ying , Guo Xiaoxi , Li Li , Ma Jingya
Published: December 2023

The operational status of power communication optical cables is directly related to the safety of power transmission lines and communication systems. Traditional cable maintenance modes face challenges in fault localization. This article proposes a platform for optical cable fault diagnosis and decision support, which is constructed at three levels: the data layer, ontology layer, and application layer. The key aspect of this platform is the utilization of a knowledge graph to map the status of the cable system. The method proposed in this article effectively addresses the pain points of traditional maintenance modes.
Modelling and Simulation Analysis of the Fuel Cell Hybrid Propulsion System
Authors: An Zuxu , Jia Huidong , Yang Guogang , Li Shian , Shen Qiuwan
Published: December 2023

Under the pressure of global energy shortage and severe environmental pollution, using new energy in ships will become the mainstream direction of future development. Compared to traditional single fossil fuels, the hybrid system composed of clean energy improves overall cleanliness. Hybrid power design has also attracted widespread attention in academia and industry. Therefore, this article introduces a hybrid propulsion system for ships. It combines Proton-exchange membrane cell (PEMFC) and cell. A simulation model for the propulsion system of hybrid electric ships was established in the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation environment. It analyzes the ship’s operating speed and power under different operating conditions and allocates the operating power to the hybrid power system through an energy control strategy. Finally, it compares and analyzes the optimization potential and methods of hybrid power systems. The results indicate that the modeling method and energy management strategy used in this article can effectively simulate the load changes and energy allocation of ships under different operating conditions, improving the stability and efficiency of fuel cells.
Three-dimensional Visualization of Overhead Transmission Lines with UAV-LiDAR Point Cloud Data
Authors: Li Dongbo , Lan Guiwen , Huang Hanqiang , Wei Jia , Zhou Fengfan
Published: December 2023

Three-dimensional reconstruction and visualization of overhead transmission lines is an important foundation for grid operation and maintenance management. This paper introduces a 3D visualization method of transmission lines based on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology, which includes four steps: (I) Using UAV-LiDAR technology to obtain 3D point cloud data of power lines; (II) Using the least-squares method with loss minimization constraints to fit the point cloud data of the power lines, to obtain the accurate fitting function of the power lines; (III) Using the spline interpolation algorithm to draw the 3D scene in the 3D vectors, and combine with building information modeling (BIM) model to construct the transmission line visualization scene. The method of this paper can improve the authenticity and reliability of transmission line simulation and provide technical support for the digital platform of power grid management.
Communication Energy Optimization of UAV-assisted WSN Data Transmission
Authors: Liu Hao , Chen Renwen , Jiang Zihao , Ding Shanshan , Liu Fei , Zhang Junyi
Published: December 2023

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted wireless sensor network (WSN) data transmission is a hot topic of research in recent years. This article mainly focuses on the energy consumption optimization of WSN data transmission with the assistance of UAVs. First, we established a communication coverage model for UAV-WSN and derived the energy consumption of data transmission for UAV-WSN, determining the optimal number of cluster heads (CHs) under different UAV flight heights. Second, we built a model for the energy consumption of WSN data transmission and the UAV flight height, and determined the optimal flight height of the UAV, while also dividing the UAV task area into segments. Then, we proposed a model that dynamically optimized the UAV data collection position according to the CH location, which can further reduce the energy consumption of CHs during data transmission. Finally, we used simulation experiments to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed scheme.
Research on multi-source information collaborative anti-interference technology
Authors: Zhang Jingxi , Du Shuang , Pan Xiangyu , Wang Jiaqi , Wen Yingqian
Published: December 2023

This paper focuses on addressing the slow recognition speed and tracking deviation issues in anti-infrared operations. It proposes a method that utilizes multi-source information from the infrared seeker and carrier data link to combat interference. The paper analyses existing methods and expands upon them by investigating full-dimensional motion information correlation. The interference recognition effect is compared across different approaches. The paper further simulates and compares the anti-interference effects of various strategies under different interference conditions, considering recognition speed, accuracy rate, and guidance precision. Overall, the paper investigates anti-infrared interference strategies, addresses existing drawbacks, and provides valuable insights for air counter-measures through simulation-based comparisons.
Analysis and Modeling of Line Width of Aerosol Printing based on Image Processing
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Yuan Shunteng , Zhang Yuanming
Published: December 2023

This article proposes a method for calculating the line width of aerosol printing based on image processing and analyzes the line width results obtained using this method, aiming to establish an accurate mathematical model between parameters and line width. This article conducts experiments using carrier gas and sheath gas as parameters in aerosol printing and uses an industrial camera to characterize the printed lines. The line images are processed in MATLAB to obtain high-precision printed line widths. Analyzing the line width data after image processing, it was found that the line width increased with the increase of carrier gas and decreased with the increase of sheath gas. Then, using the discovered regularity, mathematical relationships between sheath gas and line width, and carrier gas and line width are established. The calculation method of print line width used in this article is highly accurate and efficient and establishes a functional relationship analysis model that can accurately describe the relationship between variables and line width, guiding printing-specific line widths.
Research on DL-TDOA Positioning Performance Optimization in Tunnel Scenarios
Authors: You Xin , Tian Daxin , Gao Wenbao , Lu Jinghui , Xue Jinyin
Published: December 2023

High-precision vehicle positioning is a necessary condition for realizing intelligent transportation and autonomous driving, and positioning information is one of the basic elements to ensure the security of the Internet of Vehicles business. Aiming at the high-precision positioning requirements of tunnel scenarios, the DL-TDOA technology is analysed and optimized in this paper. First, the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) error suppression algorithm is optimized, then the influence of the deployment vertical and horizontal distance ratio of base station nodes on the positioning accuracy in the actual deployment is analysed, and finally, the clock accuracy and output frequency of the device are improved. Through the optimization above, the positioning accuracy of DL-TDOA technology in the tunnel environment can be enhanced, and the application effect can be improved.
Path Planning for Road Congestion Problems Based on the A* Algorithm
Authors: Xuan Wenjing , Ding Yanyan
Published: December 2023

The application of path planning serves as a significant instance of intelligent algorithm technology innovation, integrating intelligent science, smart technologies, and industrialization. Its core capability lies in achieving optimal solutions for routes through algorithms, offering people improved navigation paths. Currently, path planning technology has become a focal point of research both domestically and internationally. This paper proposes enhancements to the A* algorithm. By incorporating a heuristic function, the A* algorithm efficiently improves its computational effectiveness, thereby furnishing users with enhanced route planning. In this work, the improved A* algorithm is employed to address issues of road congestion and path planning. Through refining the storage heap structure of the A* algorithm and optimizing Hash table indexing, preprocessing of traffic environment data is performed. Subsequently, data simulation is executed. Based on simulation experiment data and preprocessing of road conditions, the results demonstrate that the enhanced A* algorithm offers accurate information.
Performance comparison based on priority between 802.11p and C-V2X
Authors: Wu Yueyue , Zhang Juan
Published: December 2023

With the increasing number of vehicles, the issue of traffic safety has become more and more prominent. There is a growing demand for real-time vehicle monitoring and vehicle-to-vehicle communication, which has led to the rapid development of connected car technology. Currently, the two mainstream wireless access technologies that support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication are Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) and Cellular-V2X (C-V2X) or LTE-V2X. This paper aims to compare the performance of these two technologies by studying two types of information, Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM) and Decentralized Environmental Notification Messages (DENM), as well as the prioritization defined for C-V2X. Additionally, this paper compares the prioritization of 802.11p with different priority levels of C-V2X. Through simulation experiments, it is ultimately proven that 802.11p outperforms C-V2X in terms of latency but is inferior to C-V2X in terms of collision probability.
A Routing Algorithm Based on Software-Defined Computing First Network
Authors: Bai ChenChen , Gong XiaoMing , Ren ShuangYin , Xu Tianji , Wang JingChao
Published: December 2023

With the continuous development of mobile Internet technology, new services and applications appear, such as AR/VR, Internet of Vehicles, and Ultra HD Video. They not only require higher network bandwidth resources but also need more computing resources to ensure normal operation and user experience. As a new network technology, computing first network promotes the deep integration of distributed computing resources and networks to make efficient use of these resources. This paper proposes a computing power routing algorithm based on software-defined computing first network (SD-CFN) architecture. It comprehensively considers computing resources and available bandwidth resources of network links. Experimental results show that compared with the nearby scheduling strategy, the proposed computing power routing algorithm can better allocate computing resources to services. Moreover, it can improve the utilization rate of computing resources and provide optimal bandwidth resources in the process of service transmission.
A 330-GHz Radial Power Division/Combination Network Based on Circularly Polarized TE11 Mode
Authors: Yu Menglong , Yan Yu , Gong Zehui , Zhang Yaxin , Zhang Bo , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2023

To compensate for severe mode interference and machining difficulties above the W-band of the traditional radial power combining scheme, a radial power division/combination network based on circularly polarized (CP) TE11 mode is designed. Firstly, the amplitude and phase distribution of the branches of a radial power divider under the excitation of CP mode are analyzed. The amplitudes of each branch are approximately equal, and the phase increases/decreases with equal differences. Therefore, a radial power divider with 16 branches based on a septum circular polarizer (SCP) is designed. An orthogonal cascade structure (OCS) and a parallel cascade structure (PCS) are proposed, and it is concluded that to obtain higher transmission efficiency, OCS and PCS should be used respectively when the phase or amplitude difference of SCP is worse. Finally, the power divider and a microstrip probe transition structure are cascaded back-to-back by using OCS, and the power division/combination network is obtained. Simulation results show that at 310-360 GHz, the amplitude difference of the branches of the power divider is less than ±0.35 dB; the combining efficiency of the power division/combination network is greater than 90%. This network has the advantages of single-mode operation, simple structure, and high combining efficiency. In addition, this article provides a feasible solution to the problem of depolarization loss caused by the cascade of SCPs.
Firmware implementation of a displaced muon reconstruction algorithm for the Phase-2 Upgrade of the CMS muon system
Authors: Leguina P.
Published: December 2023

Displaced muons serve as a crucial indicator of novel physics extending beyond the standard model. Several theoretical frameworks posit the existence of muons with extended lifetimes, which can materialize through collisions at the LHC. This study presents the firmware implementation of an algorithm to reconstruct displaced muons using the Overlap Muon Track Finder (OMTF) of the CMS Level-1 Trigger System (L1T) targeting the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The firmware response is evaluated at the simulation level, comparing the results with those of the emulator, and then the algorithm is implemented on an FPGA.
Study on damage and cracking of Mg-Gd-Y-Ag-Zr alloys during rolling based on experimental and finite element method
Authors: Ning Huiyan , Wang Xiaohong , Xu Li , Yao Chuanxin , Ye Haowei , Bi Fengyang
Published: December 2023

Edge cracking, a common issue encountered during the rolling of magnesium alloys, holds substantial importance in determining the success of subsequent finishing processes. It serves as a pivotal parameter for evaluating the formability of rolled plates. In this particular investigation, researchers concentrated on understanding the behavior of edge cracks within the solid solution magnesium alloy designated as Mg-10Gd-3Y-2Ag-0.4Zr (expressed in weight percentage as GWQ1032K). To support this analysis, one delved into the thermal rheological characteristics of the magnesium alloy and established a mathematical relationship connecting rheological stress, strain rate, and temperature. This served as the foundation for a constitutive model tailored to the alloy. Furthermore, practical rolling experiments were conducted to examine how reductions in thickness influenced the morphology of edge cracks in rolled plates. The study also explored shifts in stress–strain behavior and microstructural changes during the deformation process. The results highlighted the substantial impact of compression levels on the magnesium alloy’s anisotropic behavior, subsequently influencing the shape of the resultant plate and the stress–strain characteristics observed during deformation. Significantly, as the rolling reduction increased, a notable increase in heat generation due to the plastic deformation of the magnesium alloy plate was observed. This heightened heat played a key role in dynamic recrystallizationand and facilitating the formation of the brittle Mg5(RE, Ag) phase. Consequently, minimizing the generation of this brittle phase emerged as a critical factor in effectively managing and controlling edge cracks in the rolling process.
Determining tolerant tomato genotypes to salt stress according to physiological and morphological manner
Authors: Eynizadeh Peyman , Ravari Seid Zabihallah , Moradi Mohammad , Dehghani Ali , Dehghani Hamid
Published: December 2023

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an annual vegetable cultivated all over the world. It faces biotic and abiotic stresses, such as salinity, in arid and semiarid regions. Investigating the relationship between physiological and economic traits, such as fruit yield, under stress conditions is necessary to identify tolerant genotypes. This study was conducted to identify tolerant tomato families according to the relationship between several important physiological, morphological and phenological traits. Twenty S3 families were cultivated in a factorial experiment (factor1: families and factor2: normal conditions and salinity stress) based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019. Twenty physiological, agronomic and fruit-quality-related traits were investigated. Analysis of variance was used to prove the existing effective genetic diversity. Genetic diversity and the relationships between traits were graphically shown using heatmap clustering. Finally, genetic parameters, such as Pearson’s correlation, trait stability index and heritability were used to calculate the mathematical value of families using the Modified Analytical Hierarchy Process. Families exhibited different behaviours under normal and stress conditions. The tolerant families responded physiologically to the salt stress. Therefore, they reduced both cell membrane degradation and photosynthesis disruption by increasing proline, lycopene, carotenoid and sugar content. Therefore, fewer reductions in morphological traits were observed in these families. The most important traits based on the selection strategy were lycopene content, K+/Na+ ratio, days to flowering and biological yield. In addition, three families, H4/T/30/1, H1/T/12/5 and H1/T/47/4, were selected as the most suitable alternatives to construct the breeding population of the next generation.
Pathways to prosocial leadership: an online experiment on the effects of external subsidies and the relative price of giving
Authors: Robbins Blaine , Karell Daniel , Siegenthaler Simon , Kamm Aaron
Published: December 2023

Leaders are a part of virtually every group and organization, and while they help solve the various collective action problems that groups face, they can also be unprincipled and incompetent, pursuing their own interests over those of the group. What types of circumstances foster prosocial leadership and motivate leaders to pursue group interests? In a modified dictator game (N = 798), we examine the effects of piece-rate subsidies (or pay per unit of work performed) and the relative price of giving (or the size of the benefit to others for giving) on prosocial behaviour and norms about giving. We find that subsidies increase giving by leaders, that the relative price of giving is unrelated to prosocial behaviour, and that neither affects norms about giving. Furthermore, the introduction and removal of a subsidy do not undermine giving over time. Our results imply that subsidies increase group welfare by motivating leaders to allocate a larger share of resources to group members.
Synergistic and antagonistic effects of temperature and moisture differences on movement and distribution of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) adults in horizontal columns of wheat
Authors: Anukiruthika Thangarasu , Jayas Digvir S , Jian Fuji
Published: December 2023

The distribution of insects in stored grain bulks is significantly influenced by temperature and moisture, or their gradients or differences. This study examined the movement and distribution of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) adults under different combinations of temperature (5 or 10°C) and moisture differences (2.5 or 5 percentage point difference) in horizontal 1 m wheat columns in 24 h. Adults showed a nonoriented distribution in dry or damp wheat (less than 15% moisture content), while the distribution was partially biased in wet wheat (17.5% moisture content) due to slightly increased temperature or spoilage of the wet wheat in 1 replicate. Adults showed a positive response to warm and damp or wet wheat. Under any levels of temperature (5 or 10°C) and moisture differences (2.5 or 5 percentage points) in 24 h, about 75% of adults were recovered from moist wheat where insects were introduced. Adults equally preferred both moist cool grain and dry warm grain located at ± 0.25 m. However, the preference for dry warm grain was stronger than moist cool grain when the movement distance was 0.45 m. The sensing ability of adults and their preferences were not only determined by movement distance but also by the magnitude of temperature and moisture differences. Thus, the findings of the present study will help in better understanding adult response to realistic temperature and moisture distributions that commonly occur in storage structures and to develop stored grain ecosystems mathematical models.
Health and job-related factors associated with work ability in older working populations of Korea
Authors: Park J-Y , Lee D-W , Choi J , Kim M , Kang M-Y
Published: December 2023

Background

Knowledge about determinants of workability is crucial for designing interventions to increase the participation of older employees in the workforce and maintain or increase their productivity levels at work.

Aims

This study explored the impact of health conditions and job characteristics on poor work ability.

Methods

This study used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) from 2014 to 2020, which is a nationally representative population-based panel study of Korean citizens aged ≥45 years. The KLoSA survey assessed subjective work ability using work ability score. The participants were asked if they had been diagnosed with any underlying diseases by a physician. The job characteristics were assessed in terms of working conditions and satisfaction. Generalized estimating equations were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for workers’ health-related variables and job characteristics associated with poor work ability.

Results

The results showed that workers’ health-related factors were associated with poor work ability; poor vision (OR = 1.52) and bad hearing ability (OR = 2.37); low gripping strength (OR = 2.29); poor self-rated health (OR = 3.77) and various diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cancer, chronic lung disease, liver disease, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, mental illness, arthritis, prostate disease, gastrointestinal disease and disc disease. Additionally, high physical work demands (OR = 1.51) and low job satisfaction (OR = 4.23) were highly correlated with poor work ability.

Conclusions

The findings addressing poor work abilities caused by individuals’ health- and job-related factors can help prioritize worker health management and the development of more effective human capital investment strategies at the workplace.
Analysis of internal gamma-ray dose to the public from brick as building material in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Karthikayini Seenuvasan , Chandrasekaran Ananthanarayanan
Published: December 2023

Natural radioactivity due to 238U, 232Th and 40K in brick samples from Tamil Nadu was determined using gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K, 69 ± 6, 62 ± 6 and 462 ± 23 Bq kg−1, are slightly greater than the world recommended limits of 35, 45 and 420 Bq kg−1, respectively, and they are compared with a similar work carried out across the world. The radiological parameters such as radium equivalent activity, Raeq (193 ± 17 Bq kg−1), internal hazard index, Hin (0.71 ± 0.06), and activity utilisation index, AUI (1.43 ± 0.13), was lower, whilst absorbed dose rate, DRin (89 ± 8 nGy h−1), annual effective dose equivalent, AEDEin (0.43 ± 0.04 mSv y−1), and excess lifetime cancer risk, ELCRin (1.52 ± 0.13 mSv y−1), are slightly greater than the world’s recommended limit. Bi-variate statistical analysis was performed to corroborate the relationship between radionuclides and radiological hazards.
Bacterial Leaf Spot Susceptibility Screening of Chili Pepper Cultivars Using qPCR Determination ofXanthomonas euvesicatoriapv.euvesicatoriaTiters
Authors: Utami Desi , Meale Sarah J. , Young Anthony J.
Published: December 2023

Bacterial leaf spot is a serious disease of chili pepper ( Capsicum spp.) caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria. Conventional resistance screening is time and resource intensive. It was considered that a quick and simple determination of cultivar susceptibility could be achieved through estimating bacterial titers of inoculated plants. A SYBR quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based assay was compared with conventional PCR, then used to detect and enumerate pathogen titers in serial dilutions and DNA extracted from infected plant leaves. The qPCR detection limit was approximately 1 CFU µl−1, 10 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. A linear correlation ( R2= 0.994) was obtained from the standard curve comparing plate-truthed serial dilutions of the pathogen with the qPCR cycle threshold. Six strains were used to inoculate cultivars Hugo and Warlock. One strain, X. euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria BRIP62403, was consistently the most virulent based on visual symptoms and pathogen titers in planta inferred by qPCR performed on DNA extracted from infected leaves 2 and 6 weeks postinoculation. Visual observations 6 weeks after inoculation were highly correlated ( R2 = 0.8254) to pathogen titers. The qPCR method was used to categorize 20 chili pepper cultivars 2 weeks after inoculation. A high positive correlation ( R2= 0.6826) was observed between visual scoring and pathogen titers from 20 chili pepper cultivars, facilitating categorization of susceptible, intermediate, and resistant cultivars. The qPCR approach developed here facilitates susceptibility screening of chili pepper cultivars at an early stage of selection and could be readily adapted to a range of other pathosystems.
Synergistic effects of resveratrol with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer chemotherapy by inhibiting the c-Met/PARP1 axis
Authors: Wu Shuai , Ren Jiaqiang , Qian Weikun , Gong Mengyuan , Li Jie , Qin Tao , Zhang Simei , Zhang Wunai , Sun Hao , Wu Zheng , Wang Zheng , Ma Qingyong , Duan Wanxing
Published: December 2023

Objective:

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive tract with a dismal prognosis. A key challenge of pancreatic cancer is its resistance to chemotherapy. The C-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met)/poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) axis plays an important role in the therapeutic resistance of breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, this study aims to explore potential therapeutic targets for improving chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

Gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines were constructed by our laboratory using a continuous low-concentration gemcitabine induction method. The proliferation and apoptosis of combination therapy were examined using flow cytometry and comet assay. Synergistic effects of 2 drugs were determined by Chou–Talalay combination index (CI). The interactions between proteins were predicted using the AutoDock model and detected through coimmunoprecipitation assays.

Results:

The combination of resveratrol and gemcitabine inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. We found that c-Met and PARP1 were highly expressed in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. However, resveratrol inhibited their expression and improved the effectiveness of gemcitabine-induced DNA damage. In addition, our data demonstrated that resveratrol and gemcitabine had synergistic effects (CI < 1). Furthermore, the protein interactions between c-Met and PARP1 were attenuated after the early stage of resveratrol intervention. Using AutoDock models, we predicted the potential binding sites where resveratrol could impact the protein interaction between c-Met (tyrosine kinase domain) and PARP1 (CAT domain).

Conclusion:

Our results suggested that the synergistic effects of resveratrol with gemcitabine depend on the c-Met/PAPR1 axis. Using resveratrol as a combined chemotherapy agent may have clinical benefits for patients with refractory pancreatic cancer.
Can We Finally Move the Needle on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Nursing?
Authors: Carroll Dawn M. , Harris Trarina Jerome
Published: December 2023

Much attention has been given to diversity, equity, and inclusion in health care for more than a decade. This has resulted in slow progression in moving the needle. Minority nurses continue to be unrepresented and express higher levels of dissatisfaction in comparison with their White counterparts. Minority nurses report significantly higher odds of being dissatisfied with their independence at work, advancement opportunities, salary, and tuition benefits. This article provides a context for minority nurse underrepresentation and dissatisfaction and suggests actionable interventions to make nursing more inclusive.
Overcoming Career Advancement Barriers to Executive Leadership Roles of Nurses From Racial and Ethnic Minority Backgrounds
Authors: Williams Ena M.
Published: December 2023

There is underrepresentation of nurses with racial and ethnic minority backgrounds in executive nursing leadership positions as compared with the general population. The management problem is that even when academically prepared, nurses with racial and ethnic minority backgrounds perceive that they face both singular and systemic barriers to promotional opportunities to executive nurse positions. A literature gap exists as to why this phenomenon persists. The purpose of this qualitative narrative inquiry study was to explore the personal stories and lived experiences of executive nurses with racial and ethnic minority backgrounds concerning the barriers they faced and overcame on their pathway to an executive leadership position. The conceptual framework combined the intersectionality of race and internal and external capabilities. Data collected through semistructured interviews underwent a 3-dimensional-space narrative structure and thematic analysis process. Eleven themes in 3 major categories emerged: (a) facing the challenges; (b) overcoming barriers; and (c) where my help came from. The social change implications include new knowledge for multiple stakeholders in supporting and developing nurses from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds to assist them in achieving executive nursing leadership positions, thereby increasing the number of these nurses in executive roles.
The DNP Graduate and the Potential to Advance Nursing
Authors: Bradley Carol , Bleich Michael
Published: December 2023

This column is an interview of Michael Bleich PhD, RN, FAAN and focuses on the current state of DNP education. As a thought leader in nursing education, Michael shares his views on the state of DNP nursing education and the opportunity it provides to transform health care through nursing.
Clinical Nurse Well-being Improved Through Transcendental Meditation
Authors: Bonamer Jennifer I. , Kutash Mary , Hartranft Susan R. , Aquino-Russell Catherine , Bugajski Andrew , Johnson Ayesha
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of Transcendental Meditation® (TM®) practice on the multidimensional well-being of nurse clinicians affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND

The health of clinical nurses has substantial impact on both the availability of a nursing workforce and the quality and safety of patient care. TM improved health and coping strategies across many populations.

METHODS

Clinical nurses were recruited from 3 Magnet®-designated hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Well-being outcomes included flourishing, burnout, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Participants were randomized following completion of baseline surveys into immediate (intervention) or delayed (control) TM instruction. Surveys were repeated at 1 and 3 months following baseline survey or TM instruction. Repeated-measures analysis of variance compared differences in groups over time.

RESULTS

Across the 3 sites, there were 104 clinical nurse participants. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant medium to large effects in improvement over time in well-being measures for the intervention group.

CONCLUSIONS

TM improved multidimensional well-being of clinical nurses by reducing posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and burnout and improving flourishing. TM is easy to practice anywhere. The benefits are immediate and cumulative. Organizations and individual nurses can use TM to support clinical nurses in the difficult and meaningful work of patient care, especially in challenging times. Future studies may consider the feasibility of integrating TM into clinical shifts and evaluating its impact on patient and organizational outcomes.
Immunohistochemistry Detection of Histone H3 K27M Mutation in Human Glioma Tissue
Authors: Tarapore Rohinton S. , Arain Shehla , Blaine Elizabeth , Hsiung Adam , Melemed Allen S. , Allen Joshua E.
Published: December 2023

The presence of the histone 3 (H3) K27M mutation in diffuse midline glioma has implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, making rapid and accurate H3 K27M characterization vital for optimal treatment. This study evaluated an immunohistochemical assay using a commercially available monoclonal anti-H3 K27M in human central nervous system tumors. H3 K27M–positive glioma specimens were obtained from clinical sites with prior H3 K27M testing using local methods; negative control glioblastoma tissue was obtained from a tissue library. Specimens were stained with a rabbit anti-H3 K27M monoclonal antibody; slides were evaluated for the proportion of H3 K27M–positive tumor cells and staining intensity by a board-certified pathologist. H-score was calculated for each sample. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility were evaluated. Fifty-one central nervous system specimens were stained (H3 K27M, n=41; H3 wild type, n=10). All H3 K27M-mutant specimens had positive nuclear staining, and most specimens had an H-score ≥150 (31/40, 77.5%). No nuclear staining occurred in H3 wild-type specimens; all cores in the normal tissue microarray were negative. Results were 100% sensitive, specific, and accurate for H3 K27M detection relative to local methods. Repeatability and reproducibility analyses were 100%, with a high degree of concordance for staining intensity. H3 K27M antigen was stable for at least 12 months at ambient temperature. Immunohistochemistry using a commercially available anti-H3 K27M monoclonal antibody provides a highly sensitive, specific, and stable method of establishing H3 K27M status in human glioma; this method may facilitate diagnosis in cases where sequencing is not feasible or available.
Reducing the Time to Action on Bilirubin Results Overnight in a Newborn Nursery
Authors: Beverstock Andrew M. , Rubin Lily , Akerman Meredith , Noyola Estela
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Infants commonly require phototherapy in the nursery to prevent kernicterus, but it can interfere with parent-infant bonding. Minimizing unnecessary phototherapy is important. We noticed frequent delays in initiating and discontinuing phototherapy at our hospital. Our primary aim was to start or stop phototherapy within 3 hours of the intended blood draw time for more than 80% of patients by August 2022. Our secondary aims were to have the bilirubin result available within two hours of the intended draw time and for the result to be actioned upon within 1 hour of becoming available.

Methods:

We audited all patients requiring phototherapy, from January 2021 to December 2021 (n = 250). In PDSA cycle 1, we used electronic medical record result alerts. In cycle 2, we educated residents on the importance of acting promptly on results. In cycle 3, we asked residents to message the nurse to alert them to any laboratory draws for that shift. In cycle 4, we implemented a standardized laboratory draw policy.

Results:

We increased the percentage of results acted upon within 3 hours from 56% to more than 80%. We also reduced the mean time from blood draw to action from 184 minutes to 134 minutes. The time from intended draw to result availability decreased from 115 minutes to 95 minutes, and the time to action decreased from 67 minutes to 42 minutes.

Conclusions:

Combining resident education, electronic medical record result alerts, and policy standardization allowed us to achieve our stated aim and improved care for our neonates.
Sustainability Standards in Pediatric Anesthesia: Quality Initiative to Reduce Costly Environmentally Harmful Volatile Anesthetics
Authors: Waberski Andrew T. , Pestieau Sophie R. , Vazquez-Colon Caroll , Cronin Jessica , Braffett Barbara H.
Published: December 2023

Background:

The emission and entrapment of greenhouse gases (GHG) inside the atmosphere is one of the leading causes of global warming. Commonly administered anesthetics have global warming potential up to 2,000 times greater than carbon dioxide. This Quality Improvement (QI) initiative aimed to develop a set of sustainability standards to reduce volatile anesthetic GHG emissions and costs at a children’s hospital.

Methods:

In January 2020, the QI project team implemented education sessions for clinical staff on the environmental impact of volatile anesthetics, bedside clinical reminders, resource guides on sustainable anesthesia practices, preset low-flow gas levels on anesthesia machines, relocated and reduced the number of available vaporizers, and implemented policies to standardize clinical practice. Using hospital pharmacy purchase order data between 2018 and 2022, GHG emissions and costs from three commonly used volatile anesthetics (Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, and Desflurane) were compared using metric ton carbon dioxide equivalents.

Results:

During 3 years, GHG emissions from volatile anesthetics were significantly reduced by 77%, with most of the reduction attributed to the reduced use and eventual elimination of Desflurane. Purchase costs were also significantly reduced during this period by 41%.

Conclusions:

This QI project successfully decreased GHG emissions over 3 years by simultaneously reducing the use of costly and environmentally harmful volatile anesthetic, Desflurane, and increasing the use of low-flow anesthesia. This study addresses our anesthesia practices and healthcare system’s impact on the pediatric population and proposes simple interventions to mitigate the negative consequences of current practices.
Cerebrospinal fluid CXCL13 concentration for diagnosis and monitoring of neurosyphilis in people with HIV
Authors: Carvalho Ricardo de S. , Rangel Isabelle de C. , Soane Michel M. , Bacarov Natália B.S. , Herbst Victor , Ferry Fernando R.A.
Published: December 2023

Objectives:

The study aimed to assess and compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-CXCL13 levels in People with HIV (PWH) with suspected neurosyphilis (NS), those with syphilis but without NS, and patients without treponema infection. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate changes in CSF-CXCL13 concentrations before and after antibiotic treatment.

Design:

This was a prospective cohort study involving 93 PWH suspected of NS. All participants underwent lumbar puncture, with CSF-CXCL13 levels measured at baseline and during follow-up in patients diagnosed with NS.

Methods:

CSF-CXCL13 levels were quantified using ELISA. The Mann−Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between groups, while the Wilcoxon test assessed within subject changes. ROC curve analysis determined the diagnostic efficacy of CSF-CXCL13 for NS.

Results:

Significantly higher CSF-CXCL13 levels were observed in patients with NS compared to those with syphilis without NS and non-syphilis patients. Posttreatment, a decline in CSF-CXCL13 levels was noted in all NS cases. A CSF-CXCL13 threshold exceeding 60.0 pg/ml, in conjunction with reactive CSF-FTA-ABS, yielded a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 97.6% for NS diagnosis.

Conclusions:

CSF-CXCL13 emerges as a valuable adjunctive biomarker for detecting NS in PWH, especially in cases with nonreactive CSF-VDRL. Monitoring CSF-CXCL13 levels also appears effective in evaluating therapeutic response in PWH undergoing NS treatment.
Effect of a Perioperative Educational Video in Patients Undergoing Mohs Reconstruction
Authors: Das Rishub K. , Kalmar Chris L. , McLawhorn Justin , Clayton Anna S. , Thayer Wesley P.
Published: December 2023

Background

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States, and most are treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) by fellowship-trained dermatologic surgeons. Complex reconstruction in cosmetically and functionally sensitive areas often requires a plastic surgery consult. The uncertainty regarding reconstructive options and cosmetic appearance is difficult emotionally and cognitively for patients.

Objectives

To improve patient understanding about MMS reconstruction with plastic surgeons, we investigated the utility of a multimedia presentation during perioperative education.

Methods

A randomized clinical trial was conducted at a hospital-affiliated outpatient MMS clinic and surgery center in the United States. Patients in the intervention arm were given a tablet or Web site link to watch a multimedia presentation about reconstruction after MMS. All patients were given a questionnaire about their understanding of MMS reconstruction and satisfaction with the reconstructive care they received.

Results

A total of 46 patients were recruited for the study and completed the questionnaire. Of these patients, 22 were randomized to the test intervention arm, and the remaining 24 were in the control group. Among participants in the test intervention arm, feedback regarding the platform was positive with more than 90% of patients reporting that the video was engaging, useful, and easy to understand. Patient understanding and satisfaction scores in the test intervention arm ranked higher across all domains than those of the control group.

Conclusions

This randomized clinical trial showed increases in patient understanding and satisfaction among patients undergoing MMS reconstruction with the implementation of a perioperative educational video.
Easy and Safe Clamping of the Internal Jugular Vein and Internal Carotid Artery for End-to-Side Anastomosis in the Vessel-Depleted Neck
Authors: De La Parra-Marquez Miguel , Aguilar-Torres Carlos , Charles-Lozoya Sergio
Published: December 2023

Background

Damage to the vascular system resulting from radiotherapy and previous surgeries in patients with recurrent neck tumors has a negative impact on secondary reconstructions. In this study, we describe a simple method for occlusion of the great vessels of the neck in patients with difficult access to recipient vessels for anastomosis.

Methods

A 1 or 0 gauge silk ligature is placed at a circumference of 540 degrees around the vessel, holding the base of the suture with a fine hemostatic clamp exerting sufficient pressure to stop the blood flow in the vessel (internal carotid artery or internal jugular vein), to prepare the end-to-side anastomosis to the flap.

Results

From 90 head a neck reconstructions for oncologic patients using microvascular flaps performed between April 2011 and April 2021, 8 of them (8.8%) were performed in patients with multiple previous surgeries and/or radiotherapy, with lesion of the arterial thyrolyngopharyngofacial trunk and secondary recipient veins, being the internal carotid and internal jugular the only available recipient vessels in the neck.

Conclusions

Occlusion of the great vessels of the neck with a thick silk at 540 degrees held by a hemostatic clamp at its base is a safe and reproducible method for occlusion of these vessels to perform end-to-side anastomosis in patients with difficult vascular access in the neck without increasing the risk of endothelial damage and thrombosis from the anastomosis.