bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection in tertiary care hospital, Thane
Authors: Joshi Shrikant , Shaikh Kamil , Kulkarni Vrushali V.
Published: September 2021

Background: World health organization (WHO) predicted lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) as primary cause of mortality world-wide. The present study was undertaken to know the various types of LRTI in children <5 years of age and analyze factors influencing the morbidity and mortality of those cases.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study for 100 infected children with LRTI was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of metropolitan city. Demographic, clinical history and examination, necessary investigations were performed and followed regularly for desired outcome.Results: 51% children were in the age-group of 1 to 5 years who reported acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) and 49% were below 1 year age. The study reported LTRI incidence in 63% male and 37% female children whereas the family history of incidence of LRTI was present in 18% cases. Fever, cough and retraction complaints were the prominent symptoms. Hyperinflation was the major finding in chest X-ray. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the common bacterial pathogens isolated. Bronchiolitis was the commonest cause (39%) followed by lobar pneumonia (37%).Conclusions: Various types of clinical presentations, risk factors and types of LRTI in children less than 5 years of age were studied. A result of this study will be useful to understand the etiology and bacterial pathogens in management of clinical outcome. Modifiable risk factors for LRTI like family history, past history, immunization status, and malnutrition can be tackled through effective health education of the community, leading to a healthy society.
Sustained viral remission with directly acting antivirals in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C among adolescent (12-17 years) survivors of childhood leukemia
Authors: S. Prasanth K. , S. Bindu
Published: September 2021

Studies from India highlight the high prevalence of hepatitis C (6-25%) infection in survivors of childhood cancers. Recently Directly acting antivirals (DAA) have been approved for treatment of Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in children >12 years of age. Even though there are reports of efficacy and safety of DAAs in the treatment of CHC in hematologic disorders like thalassemia, there is minimal data on the efficacy of DAA in the management of chronic hepatitis C among adolescent survivors of childhood leukaemia. We performed this retrospective analysis to study Sustained viral remission (SVR) with DAA in the treatment of CHC among adolescent (12-17 years) survivors of childhood leukemia. This study also aimed to analyze the genotypic profile of hepatitis C virus and adverse effects of the DAA in this group of adolescents (12-17 years). 5 adolescents (12-17 years) who were diagnosed with CHC during August 2017 to May 2020 were enrolled in this observational study. All belonged to genotype 1; received DAA regimen comprising of sofosbuvir 400 mg and ledipasvir 90 mg for 12 weeks with good drug compliance and no major adverse effects. All of them attained SVR at 12 weeks after completing treatment. This study among adolescent survivors of childhood leukaemia with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1, augments data regarding efficacy of a 12 weeks DAA regimen comprising of sofosbuvir 400 mg and ledipasvir 90 mg in the attainment of SVR at 12 weeks after completing treatment.
Choledochal cyst perforation: experience from a centre with limited emergency resources
Authors: Jadhav Amitkumar , Chakraborty Goutam , Sugandhi Nidhi , Acharya Sameer Kant
Published: September 2021

Spontaneous perforation in Choledochal cyst (CDC) is a very rare initial manifestation and more commonly seen beyond infantile age. The management is challenging due to acute presentation, poor general condition of the patient and inflamed tissue that may jeopardize the appropriateness of any surgical intervention. The aim of the study was to analyse this rarity depending on clinical findings, diagnostic difficulty and optimum management plan in a limited resource set-up. It was a retrospective observational study where five patients presenting to the casualty department with biliary peritonitis between January 2015 and December 2020 were included. They were analysed with respect to symptomatology, laboratory parameters, radiology, emergency intervention with findings and definitive management plan. A female preponderance (60%) was found. Mean age was 5.4 years. One was a known case of CDC. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom. Inflammatory markers like Total leucocyte count (TLC) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were raised in all (100%). Lipase was raised in 40% (2/5). Anaemia and low serum albumin were non-specific findings. A dilated Common bile duct (CBD) on Ultrasound (US) was seen in 80% (4/5). Magnetic resonance cholangio pancreaticography (MRCP) demonstrated type I CDC in all. All underwent laparotomy with lavage and external drainage followed by interval definitive surgery. Pre-operative diagnosis of a perforated CDC may not be possible. Strong clinical suspicion and bilious peritoneal fluid may point to this rare complication. Minimum exploratory manoeuvre with good lavage and external drainage should be the optimum emergency intervention. Definitive bilio-pancreatic reconstruction should be performed when tissue oedema subsides and general condition is improved. This approach usually achieves a rewarding outcome.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 among children in India: can the risk of outbreak be prevented during the subsequent waves of COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Rao Rajath , Pati Binod Kumar , Kanungo Srikanta , Nirala Santosh Kumar , Naik Bijaya Nanda
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic believed to be originated from Wuhan, China has devastated the health and wealth of the entire world with multiple waves. An age shifting phenomenon towards younger age has been observed with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2) with subsequent waves across the world including India. With vaccination being already in place for adults and elderly, younger especially children less than 18 years may be assumed to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 in the subsequent waves. However, few research suggests that children are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 due to immature sinuses in the nasopharynx and less number of ACE-2 receptors to which generally the SARS-CoV-2 attaches. On the other hand, poor health and nutrition status of the children, unreached target of immunization services, poor sanitation and fragile health system in India makes children more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2. Children may get affected if new variant of virus emerges during the subsequent waves. So, we need to prepare to protect the children who if at all get affected during the third wave of COVID-19 by preventing infection among adult and elderly, strengthening the health system and immunizing the children.
Managing intraocular lens dislocation with one-port pars plana vitrectomy under direct vision with microscope illumination
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Myopia Key Laboratory of Health PR China, Shanghai 200031, China, Yang Jin , Qiu Xiao-Di ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Myopia Key Laboratory of Health PR China, Shanghai 200031, China, Cai Lei ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Myopia Key Laboratory of Health PR China, Shanghai 200031, China, Lu Yi ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Myopia Key Laboratory of Health PR China, Shanghai 200031, China
Published: September 2021

AIM: To describe a technique of managing intraocular lens (IOL) with deep dislocation in the vitreous cavity by performing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with only one pars plana incision under the direct illumination of the surgical microscope.
METHODS: Patients who had in-the-bag or out-of-the-bag (spontaneous) IOL dislocation after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract extractions, with the dislocated IOL or IOL-capsular bag complex dropping completely into the vitreous since 2013 were included in our studies. The postoperative patients were followed up for 6mo. Detailed description of technique and retrospective description of eight typical cases were demonstrated in this study.
RESULTS: A total of 40 surgeries were conducted using this technique. The main possible predisposing conditions included: post-vitrectomy, posterior capsule rupture or broken zonules, a history of ocular trauma, long axial length, secondary IOL implantation, chronic uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa and post-glaucoma surgery. In all eyes, the IOLs were successfully removed. No intraoperative or postoperative complications related to the procedures occurred. The preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) ranged from 20/133 to 20/25, and at 6mo postoperatively, the CDVA was similar or the same. The intraocular pressure was all within the normal range.
CONCLUSION: One-port PPV under direct vision with microscope illumination is a simple and safe surgical technique to managing IOL dislocation, which shortens the surgical time, and largely avoids surgical complications.
Association of dyslipidemia with severity of meibomian gland dysfunction in a tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand region
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun 248001, India, Dhawan Aeshvarya
Published: September 2021

AIM: To analyse the association between dyslipidemia and severity of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in a tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand region.
METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of one year including 50 consecutive patients of MGD. Patients underwent detailed history (including Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire) and examination (including meibum quality, expressibility and numerical staining). MGD was graded according to the guidelines submitted by the International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Management in 2011. Fasting lipid profile of all the patients was done. Various parameters of lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were correlated with MGD severity. Chi-square test was done for statistical analysis (P<0.05).
RESULTS: Stage 2 MGD was the most common disease entity (60%, n=30). A significant positive correlation was noted between increasing age and severity of MGD (P=0.004). High TC (>200 mg/dL), TG (>150 mg/dL), LDL (>130 mg/dL) and VLDL (>22 mg/dL) levels had a significant positive correlation with the severity of MGD (P=0.001, 0.019, 0.001, 0.016 respectively).
CONCLUSION: Monitoring the fasting lipid levels may aid in establishing the severity of MGD and further studies may be conducted to establish the role of treatment of dyslipidemia in MGD.
Evans blue staining to detect deep blood vessels in peripheral retina for observing retinal pathology in early-stage diabetic rats
Authors:   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Shi Kang-Pei , Huang Chuang-Xin ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Cai Chu-Sheng ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Zhu Yan-Jie ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Wang Lei ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Zhu Xiao-Bo ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
Published: September 2021

AIM: To observe and compare the statistical significance of superficial and deep vascular leakage in the pathological changes of the diabetic rats retina after the Evans blue (EB) perfusion, and utilize the modified whole-retina spreading method to make the slides while protecting the periphery of the retina.
METHODS: The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Each group named as the normal groups for 4, 8, and 12wk and the diabetic groups for 4, 8, and 12wk. The EB was injected into the cardiovascular system of the rats at the different time points. The retina of each group was obtained for observation.
RESULTS: The superficial vascular leakage was found in all 6 groups. The size of leakage area of superficial retinal blood vessels was (0.54±0.23)%, (0.65±0.11)%, and (0.58±0.10)% in normal group. No notable leakage was found in the deep blood vessels [(0.03±0.04)%, (0.03±0.05)%, and (0.03±0.05)%]. The deep retinal vascular leakage was found in the peripheral retina of diabetic rats. The size of leakage area of superficial retinal blood vessels in diabetic group were (0.53±0.22)%, (0.69±0.16)%, and (0.52±0.11)%. The leakage areas of deep blood vessels were (0.54±0.50)%, (1.42±0.16)%, and (1.80±0.07)% at 4, 8, and 12wk, respectively. There was a statistically difference of the leakage area between the 8th week and the 4th week of diabetes group (P=0.003). The statistically significant difference between the diabetes and the control groups was noted at 4wk and 8wk (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: The main retinal pathological changes of early-stage diabetic rats are the vascular leakage of the periphery of deep retina. Diabetic rats modeled after 8wk have semi-quantitative statistical difference compared with the normal rats, thus early intervention treatment research can start at this time point.
Intraluminal stenting versus external ligation of Ahmed glaucoma valve in prevention of postoperative hypotony
Authors:   Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt, Elfattah Dina Abd , Mokbel Tharwat ,   Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt, Elsorogy Hisham ,   Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt, Elhesy Abd-Elmonem A. ,   Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
Published: September 2021

AIM: To compare intraluminal stenting and external ligation of Ahmed glaucoma valves (AGV) for refractory glaucoma management and postoperative hypotony prevention.
METHODS: This randomized prospective blind study included 30 eyes of 25 patients (age range: 44-56y) with refractory glaucoma. This study was conducted from September 2018 to January 2020. The study included two groups, AGV with intraluminal stenting group (n=15 eyes) and AGV with external ligation group (n=15 eyes). Follow-up period was one year postoperatively. The primary outcome was intraocular pressure (IOP) and its association with the number of postoperative glaucoma medications. IOP?≤?21 mm Hg without medications indicated complete success while IOP?≤?21 mm Hg with medications indicated qualified success; and IOP<6 mm Hg was defined as hypotony.
RESULTS: After a year of follow-up, IOP was significantly reduced in the intraluminal stenting group than in the external ligation group (11.67±0.89 vs 14.2±4.0 mm Hg, respectively, P=0.024). Postoperative hypotony was more common in the external ligation group (2 cases, 13.33%) than in the intraluminal stenting group (1 case, 6.67%).
CONCLUSION: Application of intraluminal stenting or external ligation during AGV surgery usually prevents postoperative hypotony (transient and persistent) that occurs in conventional AGV surgery.
Reliability of the ocular trauma score for the predictability of traumatic and post-traumatic retinal detachment after open globe injury
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany, Dulz Simon , Katz Toam ,   Care-Vision, Hamburg 20246, Germany, Kromer Robert ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany, Bigdon Eileen ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany, Spitzer Martin Stephan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany, Skevas Christos ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
Published: September 2021

AIM: To elucidate the question of whether the ocular trauma score (OTS) and the zones of injury could be used as a predictive model of traumatic and post traumatic retinal detachment (RD) in patients with open globe injury (OGI).
METHODS: A retrospective observational chart analysis of OGI patients was performed. The collected variables consisted of age, date, gender, time of injury, time until repair, mechanism of injury, zone of injury, injury associated vitreous hemorrhage, trauma associated RD, post traumatic RD, aphakia at injury, periocular trauma and OTS in cases of OGI.
RESULTS: Totally 102 patients with traumatic OGI with a minimum of 12mo follow-up and a median age at of 48.6y (range: 3-104y) were identified. Final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was independent from the time of repair, yet a statistically significant difference was present between the final BCVA and the zone of injury. Severe trauma presenting with an OTS score I (P<0.0001) or II (P<0.0001) revealed a significantly worse BCVA at last follow up when compared to the cohort with an OTS score >III. OGI associated RD was observed in 36/102 patients (35.3%), whereas post traumatic RD (defined as RD following 14d after OGI) occurred in 37 patients (36.3%). OGI associated RD did not correlate with the OTS and the zone of injury (P=0.193), yet post traumatic RD correlated significantly with zone III injuries (P=0.013).
CONCLUSION: The study shows a significant association between lower OTS score and zone III injury with lower final BCVA and a higher number of surgeries, but only zone III could be significantly associated with a higher rate of RD.
Grafos pesados y aplicaciones estables de 3-variedades en R3
Authors: Huamaní Nelson B. , Mendes de Jesús Catarina
Published: September 2021

En el presente artículo se estudia el espacio de grafos con pesos, junto con dos operaciones entre estos grafos. Los resultados que se encuentran en este espacio son usados en el estudio de aplicaciones estables de 3-variedades en R3, en particular cuando la 3-variedad es Mn, donde esta variedad es la suma conexa de n-copias de S1×S2 con M0 = S3. Además, se prueban resultados importantes para la construcción de este tipo de aplicaciones.
Modelling of Crime Record Management System Using Unified Modeling Language
Authors: Hisham Alyaa , Ahmed Aya , Khaled Mariam , Abdullatif Nour , Kassem Sally
Published: September 2021

Crime records management is a system that helps police keep records of citizens’ complaints files, investigation evidence and processes. In addition, it helps police keep records of the criminals who have been arrested or who are to be arrested. This paper aims to model the Crime Record Management System (CRMS) using various Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, to demonstrate an explicit visualization of the system. Also, showing the communication among different actors, and the sequence of activities and interactions. The perspective of modeling the CRMS is by covering four stages, which are Counter (Station Diary Constable), Crime Investigation, Prosecution, and Adjudication. It is concluded that applying UML diagrams facilitates understanding and perceiving the processes of recording crime files, as it illustrates detailed activities and interactions.
Query-Based Retrieval Using Universal Sentence Encoder
Authors: Deepthi Godavarthi , Sowjanya A. Mary
Published: September 2021

In Natural language processing, various tasks can be implemented with the features provided by word embeddings. But for obtaining embeddings for larger chunks like sentences, the efforts applied through word embeddings will not be sufficient. To resolve such issues sentence embeddings can be used. In sentence embeddings, complete sentences along with their semantic information are represented as vectors so that the machine finds it easy to understand the context. In this paper, we propose a Question Answering System (QAS) based on sentence embeddings. Our goal is to obtain the text from the provided context for a user-query by extracting the sentence in which the correct answer is present. Traditionally, infersent models have been used on SQUAD for building QAS. In recent times, Universal Sentence Encoder with USECNN and USETrans have been developed. In this paper, we have used another variant of the Universal sentence encoder, i.e. Deep averaging network in order to obtain pre-trained sentence embeddings. The results on the SQUAD-2.0 dataset indicate our approach (USE with DAN) performs well compared to Facebook’s infersent embedding.
Metaphorics of phenomenal judgments and the problem of social verification
Authors: Baryshnikov Pavel N.
Published: September 2021

The article describes the basic semantic principles of generating phenomenal judgments. Phenomenal judgments are considered as linguistic representations of the phenomenal properties of consciousness and indirect descriptions of subjective experience that occur in a private subjective semantic space. Linguistic representation in propositional and conceptual forms creates a special area of metaphorical connections that are involved to the process of social verification in the communicative interaction. The most important component of phenomenal judgments is the speakers conviction that the recipient has similar properties of mental content. The mechanisms behind the emergence of phenomenal judgments are not entirely clear. In this case an interdisciplinary approach seems to be the most promising. The paper examines the results of methodological interferences of the body-oriented paradigm in cognitive sciences with the analytic philosophy of mind (consciousness). The problem of phenomenal judgments is an interaction area of ontology and semantics and requires a comprehensive linguo-philosophical research, a step on the path to which this article is made.
Art nouveau period: borders and concepts
Authors: Belobratov Alexander V.
Published: September 2021

The article offers an extensive overview of modern approaches to definition of art nouveau as a literary era and to establishing its chronological boundaries. There have been analyzed main variations of the self-definition of the era as well as researchers attempts to find an appropriate definition to this complex aesthetic phenomenon. The extended interpretation of art nouveau as a macroepoch is examined, the period dating back to the end of the 18th century and connected primarily with the artistic system of Romanticism. Based on the aesthetic manifestos of German Naturalism, the meaning of the literary situation in 1880th Germany is examined, where the widespread proclamations of the aesthetic revolution and modern attitudes coexisted with the adherence to the deterministic aesthetics of the previous decades. The leading trends in the culture of the fin de sicle are connected with the onset of the first stage of art nouveau in the art and literature of 1890-1900, soon to be replaced by avant-garde art at the turn of the second decade of the new century. Avant-garde, which associated itself with modernity, was mainly destroying already established art forms. This article suggests that the literary avant-garde as a project of the future manifests a utilitarian approach to the attitudes of the art nouveau on the brink of the new century, making art nouveau accessible for the audience and bringing the artist into the space of political interaction with the society.
The Moon as an Object of Exploration in the Perception of Russian Science Fiction
Authors: Zalomkina Galina
Published: September 2021

Purpose: to trace how the representative Russian science fiction texts reflect the process of the exploration of the Earths satellite, both in scientific/technical and socio-philosophical aspects.
Methods: comparative-historical, mythopoetic, socio-historical, hermeneutical, structural analysis.
Results: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the outstanding rocket scientist and pioneer of the astronautic theory, in his story On the Moon conjectured in detail the impression of an observer on its surface. The Soviet science fiction writer Alexander Belyaev developed Tsiolkovskys hypotheses in the story The Star KETs in which the Moon becomes accessible due to the construction of a space station in Earths orbit, named after the scientist: Star K(onstantin) E(duardovich) Ts(iolkovsky). In the Soviet Union, which was actively engaged in the research of the Moon, the interest in it was so great that it was reflected even in childrens literature. Simultaneously with the deployment of the Soviet lunar program, a fairy-tale novel by Nikolai Nosov Dunno on the Moon appeared. The novel shows the atmosphere of rivalry between the USSR and the United States in the exploration of the Moon. The science fiction vector is unfolded in the picaresque genre. In Victor Pelevins novel Omon Ra the question is raised not only of the research prospects of lunar landings, but also of the spiritual price of scientific search which implies the active participation of the state: is a free intellectual and technical search possible for astrophysicists, engineers, and cosmonauts under the pressure of acute political necessities?
The readiness assessment regarding labor migration of the new working-class youth
Authors: Gavrilyuk Tatiana V. , Bocharov Vladislav Yu.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of labor mobility and the possibility of using systematic sociological data so as to gauge the readiness for labor migration of the working youth. The purpose of this work is to construct a methodology (logical index) and assess the readiness level of labor migration of the new working-class youth of the Ural Federal District (UFD). The study object is working youth (15-29 years old), employed in the sphere of industry and in the field of services. Based on the cluster analysis of data from a mass questionnaire survey (which was conducted in the Ural Federal District in 2018), the gender, the industry and territorial specifics of the readiness level concerning labor migration of three social types of the working youth the earning ones, the surviving ones and the adapted ones, have been analysed. According to the results of the study, it is definite that the most quantified readiness regarding labor migration is among the rural youth of the social type the surviving ones, among young women of the social type the earning ones, as well as among the working youth employed in the service sector (regardless of their social type). The results can be used by public authorities in order to to gauge the readiness level of labor migration in the particular region and to develop regional targeted programs concerning the effective use of labor resources.
Theology and the Knowledge of Persons
Authors: Stump Eleonore
Published: September 2021

The aim of the paper is to discern between philosophy and theology. A philosopher is looking after impersonal wisdom, a theologian searches for a personal God. This differentiation is fundamental because knowledge of persons differs from knowledge that. The author shows how taking into account the fact that theology is based on the second-person knowledge changes the way one should approach the hiddenness argument.

* The paper was originally published in: Fiona Ellis (ed.), New Models of Religious Understanding (Oxford: OUP, 2017), 172–90. Reprinted by the permission of the Author.
The Theology of Hiddenness: J. L. Schellenberg, Divine Hiddenness, and the Role of Theology
Authors: Dobrzeniecki Marek , King Derek
Published: September 2021

The paper explores Pascal’s idea according to which the teachings of the Church assume the hiddenness of God, and, hence, there is nothing surprising in the fact of the occurrence of nonresistant nonbelief. In order to show it the paper invokes the doctrines of the Incarnation, the Church as the Body of Christ, and the Original Sin. The first one indicates that there could be greater than nonbelief obstacle in forming interpersonal bonds with God, namely the ontological chasm between him and human persons. The assumption of the human nature by the Son of God could be seen as a cure for this problem. The doctrine of the Church shows it as an end in itself, and in order for the Church to have meaning and to exist there has to be nonbelief in the world. Finally, the dogma of the Original Sin shows that there is no category of purely nonresistant nonbelief. The paper also addresses Schellenberg’s “accommodationist strategy” from the perspective of the Christian theology and in the last part it investigates what should be the influence of the fact of the hiddenness on theology’s take on the divine revelation.
Polityka Francji i Niemiec wobec niepodległej Ukrainy. Wokół stabilizacji i bezpieczeństwa
Authors: Mitrofanova Oksana
Published: September 2021

This essay provides the shaping of the leading EU countries’ policy towards independent Ukraine. It examines that it was influenced by several factors: including the history of relations between each country with the Russian Empire and the USSR, and the lack of experience in cooperation with Ukraine as an independent state, and geopolitical interests of each state. The German political circles and the media as well as the French ones have been expressed their concern over the possible proliferation of nuclear weapons by Ukraine, which in turn has led to political and economic pressure on Ukraine’s stance on its nuclear status. The essay proves that the issue of nuclear technologies was not limited to the discussion of the former existence of a nuclear arsenal in Ukraine. France and Germany take an active part in the activities in the Chernobyl zone. Leading EU countries in the 1990s hoped there will be democratic changes in Russia, transparency and the development of civil society. Ukraine’s multi-vector policy was incomprehensible to Western countries, as was the security vacuum felt by Ukraine, which was gradually trapped in the geopolitical grip of two defense blocs: NATO in the West and Collective Security Treaty Organisation (Tashkent Pact) in the East. Since 2014, France and Germany have been mediators in the resolution of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in Donbas in the framework of Normandy format, but so far there is no progress in resolving this low-intensity conflict.
Evaluation of Supratentorial Brain Neoplasms - A Cross Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Surendranagar, Gujarat
Authors: Gor Mohit B. , Mori Kuldeepsinh D. , Bavishi Mehul N. , Chudasama Nirmala C. , Barad Jaypalsinh D. , Vahia Khushboo S. , Shah Valay H.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Brain tumours represents 1.7 % of all cancers and contributes 1.8 % of all cancer deaths. Of all the brain tumours, 80 % are supratentorial.1 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important modality, having higher sensitivity for detecting intracranial pathology. Multiplanar imaging is possible with MRI which helps in detection, localization and characterization of the lesion. MRI examination has helped in early diagnosis, accurate localization of the tumour, with prompt initiation of appropriate medical or surgical therapy. Recent advances like magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, MR fluoroscopy with stereotactic guided biopsy have revolutionized the role of MRI in study of intracranial tumours. METHODS A cross sectional study of 75 patients was done by Siemens Essenza 1.5T MRI from June 2018 to June 2020 using dedicated head coil. RESULTS In our study, most of the patients were between 31 - 60 years of age (39 % of all patients) with the largest group between 31 - 40 years (20 % of all patients). Out of 75 cases of supratentorial neoplasms, 47 (72 %) were intra-axial lesions, 15 (23 %) were extra-axial lesions and 3 (5 %) were intra ventricular lesions. In this study, 69 % of the lesions were solitary and 31 % were multiple. Most of patients (89 %) showed some enhancement, most common being heterogeneous/inhomogeneous enhancement. Commonest type of supratentorial neoplasms were metastases comprising 29 % of this study. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic resonance imaging is an important modality, having higher sensitivity for detecting intracranial pathology. Multiplanar imaging is possible with MRI which helps in early detection, localization and characterization of the lesion. Metastasis is the most common supratentorial tumour in this study followed by meningioma. Intra-axial tumours are more common than extra-axial tumours in this study. KEYWORDS MRI, Metastasis, Glioma, Meningioma
Functional and Radiological Outcome of Type ΙΙΙ Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus Treated by Crossed Versus Lateral Pinning a Prospective Cohort Study Conducted in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Authors: Narayanan Anand , Vaidyanathan Subramanian
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Supracondylar fracture of humerus is a common fracture in children. Closed manipulative reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation is the most widely recognized treatment method for displaced supracondylar humerus fracture in children but controversy persists regarding the ideal pin fixation technique. The purpose of this study was to compare the radiological and functional outcome of lateral entry pinning with that of crossed pinning fixation for Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures in children. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted in Govt. Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram from February, 2015 to September, 2016. A total of 54 patients who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. They were allocated to Group A (crossed pin fixation) and Group B (lateral pin) fixation with 27 patients in each. All the cases of percutaneous pinning were done according to a uniform standardized technique. The patients were reevaluated at post-operative day, three weeks, and three months after the surgery. Following information were recorded as outcome measures: (i) carrying angle (ii) range of motion (iii) modified Flynn’s criteria. (v) Baumann’s angle (vi) neurovascular injury. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between crossed and lateral pinning with regard to mean Baumann's angle, carrying angle, complication rate, stability and functional outcome, but there was evidence of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury (3.7 %) in crossed pinning group. There was one case of pin tract infection. CONCLUSIONS There is no statistically significant difference between the radiological and functional outcome provided by crossed pin fixation method and lateral pin fixation methods. Closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation are safe and efficient methods for fixation of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus. Closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation for displaced supracondylar factures of the humerus in children gives good functional and cosmetic results. KEYWORDS Humerus, Percutaneous Pinning, Supracondylar Fracture
A Clinicopathological Review of Adnexal Masses in a Tertiary Care Centre of Rural Haryana - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Khandelwal Shivani , Pinkey Lakra , Vijayata Sangwan , Rajiv Mahendru , Sunita Siwach , Monika Gathwal B.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND There is a wide range of adnexal masses ranging from functional cyst to infection and even malignancy. Epithelial ovarian tumours are the most common benign ovarian lesion. The purpose of this study was to study the pattern of adnexal masses in rural area and plan the preventive steps according to the pattern. METHODS It was a retrospective study of patients who presented with adnexal masses in Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College (Women), Khanpur, Sonepat, Haryana, India over a period of 5.5 years from September 2012 to August 2018. The file records of the patients who underwent surgery for adnexal masse were evaluated to identify the risk factors, presenting complaints, examination findings, serological markers and radiological findings. The histopathological reports were reviewed. The cases excluded were ectopic pregnancies. Frequency distribution tables were used and data was analyzed using percentages. RESULTS Out of total 180 adnexal masses, 167 (92.77 %) cases were of ovarian origin. Out of these, 150 (83.33 %) cases were benign and 17 (9.44 %) were malignant. Among the benign lesions, serous cystadenoma was the most common lesion counting for 54 cases i.e., 30 %. In our study, most common symptom was vague abdominal pain- 63.88 %. Maximum adnexal masses were in the age group of 41 - 50 years i.e., 53 (29.44 %). Different types of surgeries were done. Maximum were bilateral oophorectomies with transabdominal hysterctomy 88 (48.88 %). CONCLUSIONS By proper education about personal and perineal hygiene, use of contraceptives, we can at least prevent some sexually transmitted diseases causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and adnexal masses. KEYWORDS Adnexal Mass, Benign, Malignant, Serous Cystadenoma
Rotavirus Infection as Cause of Diarrhoea in Under-3- Years Children at Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada AP - A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Paruchuri Anil Kumar , Edagotti Gowri , Pedada Ramu , Morri Haresh
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Diarrhoeal diseases are significant public health problems that lead to morbidity and mortality of infants and children particularly in developing countries and developed countries too. Rotavirus is the most important virus responsible for severe diarrhoea among young children. India being a developing country, the incidence of diarrhoeal diseases is high. In this part of Andhra Pradesh, low socioeconomic status, bad feeding, and child-rearing practices along with malnutrition contribute to the high morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoeal disease caused by rotavirus infection. METHODS This cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2018 in the Department of Paediatrics, Old Government Hospital, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh after obtaining ethical clearance from Ethical and Research Committee of our institute. One hundred (100) children, fulfilling the selection criteria who were admitted in the three paediatric wards were the subjects of study. RESULTS In this present study, the incidence of rotavirus infection was high in children aged ≤ 12 months and least in children between the age group of 25 to 36 months. In our study, we found that majority of cases with rotavirus infection occurred from September to February (60 %). Reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test done for the 24-enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) test negative samples of this study group. Out of 24 ELISA negative samples, PCR detects 4 samples as positive as PCR test is more sensitive than ELISA. CONCLUSIONS Rotavirus diarrhoea is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis (GE) in children below five years of age in most regions of India. In this part of Andhra Pradesh, the low socioeconomic status, bad feeding, and child-rearing practices along with malnutrition contribute to the high morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoeal disease caused by rotavirus infection. This data on rotavirus disease burden may likely support evidence-based decisions regarding any further intervention. KEYWORDS Rotavirus, Diarrhoea, Diarrhoeal Diseases, Gastroenteritis (GE) Children, RT-PCR
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of a β-Diketiminate Schiff Base Derivative
Authors: YILDIRIM İlkay
Published: September 2021

A new β-diketiminate compound (I) was isolated, and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The molecule crystallizes as a salt in the monoclinic system, and the crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N─H···Cl hydrogen bonds. The structural and energetic properties were examined using HSEH1PBE density functional method with cc-pvdz basis set. The optimized structure represents well the experimental structure. In addition, the noncovalent interactions have been also analyzed using Hirshfeld surface analysis. Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that H···H and H···Cl/Cl···H interactions contribute to about 94% of the total intermolecular interactions. Frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO-LUMO), their energy gap and associated parameters were determined.
Effects of the nickel, copper, silver and tin coating on S235JR, 21NiCrMo2, C45 and 42CrMo4 steels for radiation shielding performance
Authors: KARAGÖZ İdris , ŞAKAR Erdem , TÜREMİŞ Murat , BÜYÜKYILDIZ Mehmet
Published: September 2021

In this study, S235JR (1.0037), 21NiCrMo2 (1.6523), C45 (1.0503), 42CrMo4 (1.7225) steels were coated with nickel, copper, silver, and tin. Then, the radiation shielding performances of the uncoated and coated steels were investigated. The steels were firstly designed by the coating processes via electrolytic plating method on behalf of Ni, Cu, Ag and Sn metals. The samples were then irradiated by radioactive sources for transmission of the gamma rays at 81–383 keV photon energies to measure linear and mass attenuation coefficients (LAC-µ, MAC-µ/) of the pure and coated steels by Ni, Cu, Ag and Sn. Half and tenth value of layers (HVL and TVL) of investigated materials were then calculated at the same studied photon energies. The materials were compared with each other and some shielding concretes on behalf of mean free paths (MFP) at possible. The coated steels were found to be better shielding materials than the concretes due to lower MFP values, and they were also better shielding than reference materials up to 35.31% relative difference in MFP. It was concluded that coating processes improved the shielding properties of the steels.
Evaluation of Proficiency Test Results in Tensile Test of Elastomer Materials
Authors: KUŞ Kemal , AYDEMİR Bülent
Published: September 2021

Testing laboratories need to verify their test procedures and testing capability for reliable results. In this study, equivalent samples are prepared by elastomer materials. This paper is described evaluation of tensile test results of elastomer material specimens tested in according to ISO 37 and DIN 53504 standards. The proficiency test conditions, test equipment and the results were evaluated according to TS EN ISO/IEC 17043 standard. Finally, Z scores of the participant laboratories were presented.
ОКСЮМОРОН ЯК ЗАСІБ СТВОРЕННЯ ІРОНІЇ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ РОМАНІВ І. ІЛЬФА ТА Є. ПЕТРОВА «ДВАНАДЦЯТЬ СТІЛЬЦІВ» І «ЗОЛОТЕ ТЕЛЯ»)
Authors: ГАБІДУЛЛІНА Алла Рашатівна , ЖАРИКОВА Марина Володимиріна
Published: September 2021

Мета статті — вивчити дискурсивні особливості оксюморона в романах І. Ільфа та Є. Петрова «Дванадцять стільців» і «Золоте теля». Об’єкт аналізу — оксюморон як риторичний прийом. Предмет дослідження — оксюморон як ефективний засіб реалізації іронічної модальності у творах письменників, як засіб негативної оцінки персонажів. У роботі використано такі методи: дискурс-аналіз, компонентний аналіз, контекстуальний аналіз. Результат дослідження — проаналізовано структурно-семантичні особливості оксюморонів у романах І. Ільфа та Є. Петрова, показано їхні дискурсивні особливості. Висновки. У романах І. Ільфа та Є. Петрова простежуються всі типи оксюморона. В аспекті мови та мовлення переважають оказіональні (мовленнєві) оксюморони. Стосовно походження вони «живі», образні. Якщо трапляються стерті кліше-канцеляризми, то вони мають іронічну конотацію. За приналежністю до певного рівня мовної системи це оксюморони-слова, оксюморони-словосполучення, оксюморони-напівпредикативні конструкції, оксюморони-речення. Здебільшого у творах І. Ільфа та Є. Петрова представлені оксюморони-словосполучення. З урахуванням способів морфологічного вираження компонентів опис оксюморонів-словосполучень здійснено за п’ятьома моделями: а) координативна «ім.+ім.», б) ад’єктивно-субстантивна, в) підрядна субстантивно-субстантивна, г) дієслівно-адвербіальна, д) кількісно-іменна. Основна стилістична функція — засіб іронічної характеристики персонажів. Практичне застосування результатів дослідження можливе у розв’язанні питання оптимізації процесів навчання стилістики російської мови та лінгвістичному аналізі художнього тексту, а також у фундаментальних дослідженнях у галузі лінгвопоетики.
МЕТАНОМІНАЦІЇ КОВІД-ЛЕКСИКИ У РОСІЙСЬКОМУ ЛІНГВІСТИЧНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ
Authors: ПРИСТАЙКО Тамара Степанівна
Published: September 2021

Мета і завдання статті — проаналізувати метамову «коронавірусних» новоутворень; надати можливу типологію метаномінацій ковід-лексики; схарактеризувати способи творення метаномінацій; спрогнозувати можливості зростання метаномінацій ковід-лексики. Об’єкт дослідження — тексти ЗМІ, матеріали з мережі, лінгвістичні дослідження, присвячені темі короновірусної інфекції. Предмет дослідження — формування й розвиток метамови ковідного словника. Матеріалом для дослідження послугував корпус «ковідних» метаномінацій, до якого увійшло близько 100 одиниць. У дослідженні було використано загальнонаукові методи спостереження й опису та прийоми дефінитивного й контекстуального методів. У результаті наукової роботи було виявлено тематичні групи метаномі націй ковідних неологізмів, проаналізовано механізми їх утворення; розглянуто перспективу подальшого поширення метасловника. Автор роботи дійшов такого висновку. У російському мовному просторі в останні два роки поряд з формуванням номінативного поля найменувань нового явища — коронавірусної інфекції — формується й своєрідна метамова, яка складається з найменувань: 1) сукупностей нових лексем; 2) типів самих нових слів; 3) розділів мовознавства; 4) самого процесу/факту появи ковідних слів у мові. Метаномінації усіх підгруп, здебільшого, утворюють за моделями: «А+С», «С+С» и С+(АС). Як опорні лексеми використовують лінгвістичні терміни: язык, речь, слово тощо. Список атрибутів включає лексеми, що виражають зв’язок позначуваного з коронавірусною ситуацією. У більшості підгруп наявні складені метаномінації з першим компонентом ковид або корона. Декілька метаноміна цій є бленди. Тема Covid-19 продовжує лишатися популярною, що дає підстави вважати, що коло «пандемійних» метаномінацій може ще якийсь час розширюватися.