bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and mechanical properties of directionally solidified Mg–Zn alloy as a biomaterial
Authors: Jia Hongmin , Feng Xiaohui , Yang Yuansheng
Published: September 2019

Directionally solidified Mg-4wt-% Zn alloy was prepared and the effect of growth rate on its microstructure evolution and mechanical properties was investigated. A typical cellular structure was observed when the growth rate was lower than 60 µm s−1. The microstructure evolved from cell to columnar dendrite as the growth rate increased. The ultimate tensile strength of the directionally solidified alloy was found to be higher than that of the alloy ingot with the same cooling rate. The ultimate tensile strength of the directionally solidified alloy increased with increasing growth rate but it decreased during the cell–dendrite transition. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of the directionally solidified alloy with fine cellular and columnar dendritic structures meet the requirements of biomaterials.
Hypertrophic muscle changes and sprint performance enhancement during a sprint‐based training macrocycle in national‐level sprinters
Authors: Nuell Sergi , Illera‐Domínguez Víctor. R. , Carmona Gerard , Alomar Xavier , Padullés Josep Maria , Lloret Mario , Cadefau Joan Aureli
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to analyse changes in sprint performance, muscle volumes (MVs) and sprint mechanical parameters (SMPs) in national‐level sprinters performing a 5‐month indoor sprint‐based training macrocycle (SBTM). Twelve well‐trained sprinters were tested on three different occasions throughout the SBTM. Testing procedures included: sprint performance over 10m, 40m, 80m, 150m, and 300m; MRI of thighs, to compute MVs of quadriceps, hamstrings and adductors; and a 40m sprint using a radar gun to assess SMPs such as theoretical maximal horizontal force, theoretical maximal horizontal velocity (V0), maximal power and index of force application (DRF). Improvements in sprint performance of between 4% and 7% (ES = 0.46–1.11, P < 0.01) were accompanied by increments in: quadriceps of 6% (ES = 0.41, P < 0.01), hamstrings of 10% (ES = 0.62, P < 0.01), adductors of 12% (ES = 0.87, P < 0.01), V0 of 5% (ES = 0.40, P < 0.01) and DRF of 7% (ES = 0.91, P < 0.01). In conclusion, during the SBTM after the off‐season, moderate hypertrophic changes occur in sprinters. Moreover, the greater increase in hamstrings and adductors, compared with quadriceps, might be related to the prominent role of these muscle groups in sprinting. Furthermore, the SBTM was likely effective at developing sprint performance in sprinters, thereby endorsing the idea that sprint‐specific training is crucial for highly trained individuals. Finally, our results support the notion that V0 or the “velocity‐oriented” force–velocity profile is determinant of performance in sprinters.
DXA‐derived estimates of energy balance and its relationship with changes in body composition across a season in team sport athletes
Authors: Bartlett Jonathan D. , Hatfield Malcolm , Parker Ben B. , Roberts Llion A. , Minahan Clare , Morton James P. , Thornton Heidi R.
Published: September 2019

This study examined the relationship between dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA)‐derived estimates of energy balance (EB) and changes in body composition across various seasonal phases in team sport athletes. Forty‐five Australian rules footballers underwent six DXA scans across a 12‐month period (off‐season [OS, Week 0–13], early [PS1, Week 13–22] and late pre‐season [PS2, Week 22–31] and early [IS1, Week 3–42] and late in‐season [IS2, Week 42–51]). EB (kcal·day−1) was estimated from changes in fat free soft tissue mass (FFSTM) and fat mass (FM) between scans according to a validated formula. An EB threshold of ± 123 kcal·day−1 for >60 days demonstrated a very likely (>95% probability) change in FFSTM (>1.0 kg) and FM (>0.7 kg). There were small to almost perfect relationships between EB and changes in FM (r = 0.97, 95% CI, 0.96–0.98), FFSTM (r = −0.41, −0.92 to −0.52) and body mass (r = 0.27, 0.14–0.40). EB was lowest during PS1 compared to all other phases (range, −265 to −142 kcal·day−1), with no other changes at any time. Increases in FFSTM were higher during OS compared to PS2 (1.6 ± 0.4 kg), and higher during PS1 compared to PS2, IS1, and IS2 (range, 1.6–2.1 kg). There were no changes during in‐season (−0.1–0.05 kg). FM decreased only in PS1 compared to all other seasonal phases (−1.8 to −1.0 kg). Assessments of body composition can be used as a tool to estimate EB, which practically can be used to indicate athlete's training and nutrition behaviours/practices.
Information scan of quantum states based on entropy-power uncertainty relations
Authors: Jizba P , Hayes A , Dunningham JA
Published: September 2019

We use Rényi-entropy-power-based uncertainty relations to show how the information probability distribution associated with a quantum state can be reconstructed in a process that is analogous to quantum-state tomography. We illustrate our point with the so-called “cat states”, which are of both fundamental interest and practical use in schemes such as quantum metrology, but are not well described by standard variance-based approaches.
On a soliton-type spacetime defect
Authors: Klinkhamer F R
Published: September 2019

We review the construction of a particular soliton-type solution of the classical Einstein and matter-field equations. This localized finite-energy static classical solution can be interpreted as a single spacetime defect embedded in Minkowski spacetime and may give rise to several new effects. For a Skyrme-type theory with small enough matter-field energy scale compared to the Planck energy scale and for a sufficiently small defect length scale, the existence of a globally regular solution requires a negative active gravitational mass, so that the defect repels a distant test particle (“antigravity”). There also exist “stealth defects” which have a vanishing asymptotic gravitational mass. These stealth defects are, however, not entirely invisible as they bring about a new type of gravitational lensing.
Nonlinear deterministic-chaotic collapse model - preliminaries, philosophy, locality
Authors: Geszti Tamás
Published: September 2019

This is an extended discussion of Ref. [1], presenting a nonlinear dynamical model of quantum collapse, with randomness emerging from self-generated noise. Here we focus on a few issues: 1) the way chaos theory explains “deterministic but unpredictable” as a generic feature of nonlinear dynamics; 2) a new argument about why Bell-CHSH and GHZ experiments confirm quantum mechanics; 3) a discussion of why the heating effect predicted by CSL-type theories is not expected to happen according to our approach; 4) in looking for direct-product solutions of our nonlinear Von Neumann equation, we use a parametrization different from that used in Ref. [1], allowing better insight to the locality issue.
Heuristic derivation of the Casimir effect from Generalized Uncertainty Principle
Authors: Blasone M , Lambiase G , Luciano G G , Petruzziello L , Scardigli F
Published: September 2019

After a short introduction to the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), we discuss heuristic derivations of the Casimir effect, first from the usual Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP), and then from GUP. Results are compared with those obtained from more standard calculations in Quantum Field Theory (QFT).
VIP2 in LNGS - Testing the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons with high sensitivity
Authors: Marton J. , Pichler A. , Amirkhani A. , Bartalucci S. , Bazzi M. , Bertolucci S. , Bragadireanu M. , Cargnelli M. , Clozza A. , Curceanu C. , Del Grande R. , De Paolis L. , Egger J.-P. , Fiorini C. , Guaraldo C. , Iliescu M. , Laubenstein M. , Milotti E. , Milucci M. , Pietreanu D. , Piscicchia K. , Scordo A. , Shi H. , Sirghi D. , Sirghi F. , Sperandio L. , Vazquez-Doce O. , Zmeskal J.
Published: September 2019

The VIP2 (VIolation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle) experiment at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS) is searching for possible violations of standard quantum mechanics predictions in atoms at very high sensitivity. We investigate atomic transitions with precision X-ray spectroscopy in order to test the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) and therefore the related spin-statistics theorem. We will present our experimental method for the search for “anomalous” (i.e. Pauli-forbidden) X-ray transitions in copper atoms, produced by “new” electrons, which could have tiny probability to undergo Pauli-forbidden transition to the ground state already occupied by two electrons. We will describe the VIP2 experimental setup, which is taking data at LNGS presently. The goal of VIP2 is to test the PEP for electrons with unprecedented accuracy, down to a limit in the probability that PEP is violated at the level of 10−31. We will present current experimental results and discuss implications of a possible violation.
Cosmic strings, deformed lattices and spontaneous symmetry breaking
Authors: Flachi Antonino , Vitagliano Vincenzo
Published: September 2019

External conditions have a dramatic impact on the way dynamical symmetry breaking occurs. In a curved background, the natural expectation is that curvature works toward the restoration of the internal symmetry. We show instead that, for topological defects, the competing action of the locally induced curvature and boundary conditions generated by the non-trivial topology allows configurations where symmetries can be spontaneously broken close to the core. Inspired by the effect of geometrical deformations on 2D lattices, we then propose a novel mechanism to induce a superconducting phase by triggering condensation along cosmic strings.
Spekkens’ Toy Model, Finite Field Quantum Mechanics, and the Role of Linearity
Authors: Chang Lay Nam , Minic Djordje , Takeuchi Tatsu
Published: September 2019

We map Spekkens’ toy model to a quantum mechanics defined over the finite field

F
5

. This allows us to define arbitrary linear combinations of the epistemic states in the model. For Spekkens’ elementary system with only 22 = 4 ontic states, the mapping is exact and the two models agree completely. However, for a pair of elementary systems there exist interesting differences between the entangled states of the two models.
Influence functionals, decoherence and conformally coupled scalars
Authors: Burrage C , Käding C , Millington P , Minář J
Published: September 2019

Some of the simplest modifications to general relativity involve the coupling of additional scalar fields to the scalar curvature. By making a Weyl rescaling of the metric, these theories can be mapped to Einstein gravity with the additional scalar fields instead being coupled universally to matter. The resulting couplings to matter give rise to scalar fifth forces, which can evade the stringent constraints from local tests of gravity by means of so-called screening mechanisms. In this talk, we derive evolution equations for the matrix elements of the reduced density operator of a toy matter sector by means of the Feynman-Vernon influence functional. In particular, we employ a novel approach akin to the LSZ reduction more familiar to scattering-matrix theory. The resulting equations allow the analysis, for instance, of decoherence induced in atom-interferometry experiments by these classes of modified theories of gravity.
The distance formula in algebraic spacetime theories
Authors: Canarutto D , Minguzzi E
Published: September 2019

The Lorentzian distance formula, conjectured several years ago by Parfionov and Zapatrin, has been recently proved by the second author. In this work we focus on the derivation of an equivalent expression in terms of the geometry of 2-spinors by using a partly original approach due to the first author. Our calculations clearly show the independence of the algebraic distance formula of the observer.
Neutrino nature, total and geometric phase
Authors: Capolupo Antonio , Giampaolo S. M.
Published: September 2019

We study the total and the geometric phase associated with neutrino mixing and we show that the phases produced by the neutrino oscillations have different values depending on the representation of the mixing matrix and on the neutrino nature. Therefore the phases represent a possible probe to distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos.
Effects of irradiation on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.) Colebr
Authors: Eamsiri J , Chookaew S , Pewlong W , Sajjabut S , Orpong P
Published: September 2019

This study aims to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on antimicrobial activities (against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and antioxidant activities of Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.) Colebr., known in Thai as Haem. Gamma irradiation was applied to powder samples of Haem at 5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy. The 60% ethanolic extracts of irradiated and non-irradiated samples were prepared to evaluate total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results indicated that TPC of irradiated and non-irradiated samples was not significantly different (p<0.05), as the TPC values of all samples ranged from 11.39± 1.17 to 11.99±1.10 mgGAE/g. Ferric reducing antioxidant potential and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity significantly increased (p<0.05) after gamma irradiation at 20 kGy and 5 kGy, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was done using agar disc diffusion method. Results showed that ethanolic extracts of various samples exhibited antibacterial activities against S. aureus as evidence by the clear zone, 16.3 – 17.5 mm, that formed around the disc samples.
Development of genetic sexing strain of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)
Authors: Limohpasmanee W , Thannarin T , Krongratarporn T , Khamvarn V
Published: September 2019

A genetic sexing strain (GSS) of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) has been developed in order to release only sterile males to increase the efficiency of fruit fly control by using sterile insect technique. To compare the quality of GSS with the genetic marker strain from a mass-reared colony, it was found that eclosion, flight ability and fertility of GSS equal to 69.57, 53.14 and 47.48 % respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the genetic-marker strain. The adult eclosion, flight ability and fertility of the genetic-marker strain equal to 93.66, 87.00 and 60.48 % respectively. To study the effects of irradiation, the 2-days-before-emergence pupae of GSS were irradiated at doses of 70 and 90 Gy. It was found that sterility and competitiveness index of GSS irradiated at 70 and 90 Gy were 96.15, 97.12 % and 0.51, 0.39 respectively.
Risk assessment to natural radiation exposure from soil samples in the Jasmine rice cultivated area, Roi Et province, Thailand
Authors: Quinram P , Jitpukdee M , Pornnumpa C , Kranrod C
Published: September 2019

Roi Et is one of the provinces with rice farming and exported to many countries around the world. In order to assess the radiation risk index from Jasmine rice cultivated soils, 175 samples in Roi Et province were measured using the gamma ray spectrometry technique for estimating the natural radioactivity levels. The specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was found from 7.14 to 29.02 Bq/kg, 7.24 to 33.40 Bq/kg and 18.17 to 129.65 Bq/kg with a mean value of 16.92 ± 1.16 Bq/kg, 16.99 ± 2.24 Bq/kg and 46.95 ± 6.79 Bq/kg, respectively. However, the values of radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the external hazard index (Hex), the gamma-absorbed dose rate (D) and the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDEout) were also calculated to evaluate radiological hazards. The average values of Raeq, Hex, D and AEDEout were found to be 44.83 Bq/kg, 0.12, 20.03 nGy/h and 0.02 mSv/y, respectively. From the results can demonstrate that the natural radioactivity from soil are not affect to population in the area, which the natural radioactivity levels and the radiation risk values of Roi Et soil samples are lower than the UNSCEAR values.
Wastewater treatment by dielectric barrier discharge plasma
Authors: Tanakaran Y , Matra K
Published: September 2019

This paper presents the influence of atmospheric non-thermal plasma on household wastewater by using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma generator. The model was designed in a vertical coaxial tube shape. The high voltage was supplied from high frequency AC power supply to the model for plasma generation at 0 (control group), 10, and 15 kV. Wastewater was released from the top of glass tube passing through DBD corona discharges that was generated between the needle tips and the glass tube, flowed down to the storage tank, and pumped to the top of the model again. The treatment process was operated for 30 minutes with the flow rate of water at 2 min/L. From the experimental results, it shows that all plasma treatment conditions could improve the wastewater quality. The best results were found at 15 kV plasma treated wastewater; the alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and conductivity were increased from the control group for 10.48%, 10.09%, and 17.79%, respectively. In addition, biochemical oxygen demands (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were decreased from the control group for 7.5 times and 37.5%, respectively. An offensive odor of wastewater could be also improved.
The Impact of Electron Beam Irradiation in Topaz Quality Enhancement
Authors: Maneewong A , Pangza K , Charoennam T , Thamrongsiripak N , Jangsawang N
Published: September 2019

Most of the natural topaz is found as colorless. Variety attempt have been used to change its color. In this study, the process of enhancement by electron irradiation be carefully taken by consideration on the optimization of power and energy of electron, efficient cooling system, annealing process and radioactivity occurring and remaining. Electron irradiation was performed on topaz originated from Yen Bai province, in Vietnam. The two of topaz sample were irradiated by 20 MeV electron beam (e-beam) with different fluences of 1.34×1016 cm−2 and 2.64×1016 cm−2, respectively. The characteristic spectra obtained from the investigation compared to the natural topaz sample afterwards. Interaction of radiation with impurity ions in topaz sample during irradiation resulted in changing of colorless to sky blue topaz, which had the broad absorption band of UV-Vis spectroscopy at 620 nm. The ESR spectrum of topaz sample showing a single broad isotropic line with g = 2.012 that are correlated with an O-center in the topaz structure. FTIR spectra indicated that sky blue color may originate from the decomposition of hydroxyl group (OH) by the electron beam irradiation.
Numerical tracking of impurities by dust ablation in HT-6M plasma
Authors: Somboonkittichai N , Kijamnajsuk P , Fukuyama A , Coppins M , Nisoa M , Nipakul P
Published: September 2019

HT-6M will be officially installed in Thailand in next few years. Some computational studies of possible experiments should be helpful in case of its experiment planning. The authors are interested on the scenario of macro-particle, i.e. dust and droplet, transporting in HT-6M. The study was carried out by the Dust and Droplet Tracking (DDT) code, consisting of basic equations and physical models involving with charging, heating, equation of motion and ablation on macro-particle in a tokamak plasma. DDT implemented a set of HT-6M core plasma profiles from the Transport Analyzing System for tokamaK (TASK) code and a set of HT-6M edge plasma profiles approximated from simple SOL model. We observed that relatively small macro-particles, i.e. initial sizes are less than 10−6 m, significantly involve with impurity generation near plasma facing components (PFCs). In addition, the 10−5-m macro-particles mostly ablate in SOL. The 10−3-m and 10−4-m macro-particles completely ablate if they transport towards core plasma, but some with the inclination with respect to the horizontal direction obtain longer lifetimes. Moreover, few of them can achieve abnormal high speed. The mechanism for this is the acceleration by rocket force due to partial ablation near core plasma.
Metal coin error study using 3D modelling and FEM Analysis
Authors: Gavrila C C , Lates M T
Published: September 2019

Mints around the world produced a large amount of metal coins currency. Besides the coin basic design, in most of the situations, various amount of coins wearing different error types are released. The error type is depending on the coin metal, dimension and also by manufacturing step where it could appear. This coins and medals with mint errors are searched by collectors around the world. The paper presents some aspects about the cracked dies error, which appear at the coin striking tools or coin properly strike, because of some dies misalignments, failures and the reduced relief dimension. In the first part of the paper, some aspects about the cracked dies error are presented, with some particular examples. Then, the simplified dies 3D model is presented. Also, the finite element analysis on this model is realized and is achieved for different initial conditions. In the paper final part the analysis results and conclusions are presented.
Tribological properties of the PA46 and Teflon added PA46 polyamides
Authors: Lates M T
Published: September 2019

In order to increase the efficiency of the mechanical transmissions, one of the actually research directions is oriented to develop new materials characterised by high endurance, small friction coefficients and internal structure stability with the temperature. One of these materials is represented by the polyamides which are used in mechanical industry, food industry and medicine. The paper provides the results of tests performed on a tribometer for a PA46 and a Teflon added PA46 polyamide materials being on contact with a PA46 polyamide disk, in lubricated conditions. The tests are achieved for a set of temperatures of the oil bath, a set of rotational speeds of the PA46 polyamide disk and a continuous variation of the local pressure. During the running-in process there are measured the evolution of the dynamic friction coefficient and of the wear. After this, it is studied the variation of the dynamic friction coefficient with the contact pressure, the rotational speed and the temperature. Finally there are given conclusions regarding the tribological behaviour of the tested materials and regarding their applications.
Study of the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the synchronous motor with varying resistive torque
Authors: Cristea C , Stroe I
Published: September 2019

The paper presents the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the synchronous motor for imposed moment variations at the shaft. The test setup is presented, used to determine the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the synchronous motor. Modelling the resistive torque allows the loading with different torsion vibrations. It is presented the used experimental workbench in order to determine the mechanical and electrical characteristics of synchronous motors in such conditions. The engine torque model allows the shaft to be loaded with variable resistive torque values generated by an electromechanical brake. The characteristics presented show the mechanical characteristic of the synchronous motor. Mechanical rotation speed characteristics are presented based on the variation of the resistive torque for 40 seconds, taking note of the value of the resistance when the motor exits synchronism. The determination of these characteristics are made based on the variation of the excitation current applied to the rotor winding of the synchronous motor.
Aspects regarding corrosion and mechanical tests for metallic parts obtained by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Didu A , Pascu I , Gheorghe S , Rotea C
Published: September 2019

The researches for this paper were made for knowing the corrosion behavior and mechanical resistance of some metallic powder’s specimens obtained by powder metallurgy. This technology was chosen because of the technical and economic advantages, and the obtained parts can be used in all domains. The parts were obtained from iron powders by pressing at different pressures and sintered in an inert atmosphere. The innovation was to obtain metallic composites, having as a matrix an iron powder type Ancorsteel 1000B and as a reinforcement a spring steel wire. The specimens were tested in different solutions and environments and also two mechanical tests. This paper presents a part of tests that were the corrosion in salt spray environment and bending tests, aiming to compare the results for the types of proposed specimens. For the morphological characterization (size, shape, surface) and chemical composition of the material used, SEM electronic microscopy was used using an FEI Inspect S microscope. The sintering was made in a neutral controlled atmosphere (argon) furnace.
Notes on the possibilities and limitations of using topological tools in mechanical modeling of media
Authors: Lámer G
Published: September 2019

In the mechanical modeling of the media, the atomic-molecular structure of the material is usually neglected, furthermore, with regard to the characteristic distance of the atomic-molecular structure, the media is considered to be a continuous material distribution. Referring to the continuous distribution, we use the tools of differential and integral calculus for the mechanical-mathematical description of the media. The use of these mathematical tools has conditions and limitations: there must be a sort of topological order in the examined space. This order records the relative position of the points. The fixed position relative to each other makes it possible to describe only such mappings that retain the fixed position relative to one another. Thus, it is possible to distinguish between strain and rearrangement, and at the same time to define the boundaries of the possibilities offered by the applied mathematical tools: the continuum many points set provides the basis of the topological description for the classical continuum, a set of finite points in the grid network with its internal structural features, provides the basis of the topological description for the grid (that is generalized) continuum.
The theoretical bases and study parameters with FEA application approach on a bending tool design
Authors: Negrău D C , Grebenişan G , Vesseleny T
Published: September 2019

This paper presents the theoretical basis of the approach to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) techniques and their application in the case of a bending request for a piece of aluminum sheet. The plate of a bending device deforms elasto-plastically under the action of the drive forces of the device, but also under the action of the reaction forces in the supports, more for a material such as aluminum and a few times less for a structural steel. If the forces acting on the device deform the carrier plate, which is in the operator’s attention, in the elastic field, then there is no danger of permanent deformations occurring. Conversely, if deformation exceeds the threshold of elastic deformation, the material undergoes plastic deformation stresses, then the piece deforms plastic, with the risk of permanent deformations occurring. These deformations, in the first place, can generate production errors, or device failure, by modifying the execution rates and the games in the studied ensemble. This is precisely the purpose of this work: to prove, with the results of the FEA, that in the case of a certain material, with the same configuration of working conditions, the system can function without producing errors, obtaining qualitatively conformable parts.
Concept and premises of the logistic management model in conditions of uncertainty - research approach
Authors: Marzantowicz Ł. , Dembińska I.
Published: September 2019

The article aims to present the results of the preliminary study, defining the premises of the concept of creating a model of logistic management in conditions of uncertainty. The focus group interviews (FGI) determined the premises for building the concept of logistics management in conditions of uncertainty, and then a catalog of methods for building this model was selected. The results allowed to make general conclusions that the model of logistic management in uncertainty is possible to develop, which in turn allows setting the target for the proper research.
Strategic Communication Process: Support for Performance Measurement and Popularization of SMEs Innovations – II
Authors: Hulubei (Georgescu) A , Avasilcăi S
Published: September 2019

This paper analyzes the advantages of the strategic communication process from an online and a digital point of view, as most companies make their changes from the off-line into the online market. Through this aspect, the company can quickly adapt to the fast changes of the industry or of the market requirements, to connect better with its stakeholders, to fulfill their requirements, and generate more revenues. Having in mind that the market is always changing, entrepreneurs must constantly reanalyze and rethink their actions and their communication strategies to remain relevant and desirable for their stakeholders. In the last part of the article, we have analysed the example of a traditional SME manufacturer company from Romania that had to make its way in the digital world and develop new markets, in order to strengthen its position in the many years of economic existence and to respond to a possible crisis that could have drastically affect its business.
An overview of strategic issues in the evolution of its industry
Authors: Bagiu N , Avasilcăi S , Alexa L
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this paper is to find a balanced way to analyse IT (Information Technology) industry, from its value perspective, but first we need to know how to define the IT industry, what are its component and the dynamic on global industry. This is an empiric study due to an enormous information quantity – only a simple search on EBSCO platform, looking only for Academic journals, retrieve 183.508 titles where “Information Technology” keywords were used. For same keywords Google Academic retrieve approximately 6.000.000 results in its search. As part of the economy modernization trends, the software industry plays a natural engine role - most of the company’s efforts being based on the IT, especially the software component. With the omnipresence of mobile phones and the customers demanding more and more personalized experiences, the software industry continues to stay at the forefront of the business agendas in most of the companies.
Comparative analysis of different heating systems based on the surface area of a household
Authors: Cristea C , Cristea M , Tirnovan R , Fagarasan C
Published: September 2019

The scope of this paper was to determine if the efficiency of a heating system depends on the surface area of a household and to identify the surface intervals for which a heating system is most appropriate than others. There were considered nine alternatives for the analysis: five different heating sources (wood boiler, electric boiler, gas boiler, pellet boiler and electric heating carpet) combined with two different heating terminals (radiant floor heating and the classic radiator), which were evaluated based on initial investment, fuel cost and the total annual expenditure for each heating system. The results indicated that the type of heating system for a household might vary depending on its surface, considering the three comparison factors mentioned before.
Video analysis system of the gait cycle and posture of people wearing high heels
Authors: Baritz M. I.
Published: September 2019

Gait cycle analysis is a comprehensive source of information, usable in the medical field, in locomotion, sporting recovery procedures or to increase performance in various sporting fields. Study methods of walking cycle parameters are very diverse, starting from biomechanical analysis, computer simulations and modelling, and completing with video analysis of kinematic and dynamic parameters. The use of optical and video methods is very widespread in all medical, sporting, ergonomic and even economic fields. Thus, the first part of the paper analysis the general aspects regarding the use of optical methods of acquisition and processing of video sequences of the normal gait cycle. Also, in the same context of the introductory part of the paper the aspects of the biomechanics of the normal and high heels cycle for the females are presented. In the second part of the paper is presented an experimental setup for investigating, with the sample of subjects chosen, the cycle of gait with shoes having different dimensions of the heel height. In the third part of the paper are presented the recordings made on footscan pressure plate and also the data acquisition on the especially sensory insole worn by the subjects. In the final part of the paper are presented the results of the processing of this information and the conclusions from the experiment.
53 Improving Door to Needle Times in Acute Stroke
Authors: Khalil Dzulkarnain , Connaughton Fiona , Carolan Danielle , Sirbu Mihaela , Lynch Bernadette , Daries Juanine , Sullivan Patrick , Stringer Tony , Carter Shane , Fleming Thomas , Kelly Conor , Basit Mian , Mulroy Martin , Lynch Olwyn
Published: September 2019

Background

During an acute stroke, 2 million neurons are lost every minute. When compared with aging, 2 million neurons are lost every 22 days. Prompt reperfusion of an acute stroke, in the form of intravenous thrombolysis (IV tPA) or intraarterial thrombectomy (IAT) would save these neurons and result in saving significant disability. We endeavoured as part of a quality improvement (QI) project to improve our times.

Methods

A local QI steering group was formed which comprised of representatives from the stroke team, radiology, emergency, laboratory, telephone and clerical departments. We outlined our stroke pathway from when the patient arrives to when the patient received IVtPA or IAT. Data was collected prospectively and retrospectively from real time, chart reviews, radiology Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS) and Hospital Inpatient Patient Enquiry (HIPE) stroke data system. We recorded times from door to computed tomography (CT), CT to issue of report and CT report to IVtpA or IAT. The data was reviewed to ascertain if there were any delays at each stage of the pathway.

Results

There were steps in the pathway that were non-variable and those that were highly variable. In general, steps from door to CT, were consistent each time. In contrast, steps from CT completion to IVtPA or IAT, was highly variable dependent on a patient’s clinical condition and decision making expertise available.

We addressed duplication of tasks and additional non-urgent investigations. The presence of the stroke team for IVtPA and IAT made decision making faster.

The overall median door to CT time reduced by 9 minutes, from 22 to 13 minutes. The overall median door to IVtPA time decreased by 24 minutes, from 83 to 59 minutes.

Our hospital had the fastest door to CT time for IAT patients in 2018 nationally.

Conclusion

Delays in the stroke pathway were rectifiable by change of practice. Most changes were simple without need of any additional resource.
79 Physical Activity Promotion Using mHealth: A Systematic Review and Meta-synthesis of Adults’ Experiences
Authors: Carter Daniel , Robinson Katie , Forbes John , Hayes Sara
Published: September 2019

Background

Well-documented health benefits are associated with 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA). However, a majority of older adults do not follow this guideline and calls to address this disparity with technology have been made (1). Recommendations from the wider PA literature suggest the incorporation of mobile and wireless technology, i.e. mobile health (mHealth), into PA interventions (2). This study aims to identify and synthesise the evidence base on the experiences of adults using smartphone applications for the promotion of PA.

Methods

A systematic search of CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, Medline and PsycINFO was conducted in October 2017. Primary qualitative studies with extractable data on the experiences of adults using mHealth for the promotion of PA were included. Data were analysed in NVivo using a meta-ethnographic approach.

Results

The initial search yielded 4,420 articles. After screening, fifteen articles were included, of which three included young adults, two included young and middle-aged adults, six included middle-aged and older adults and three included young, middle-aged and older adults, while one study did not report age. Because findings were not stratified by age, data were analysed collectively. Our inductive findings included the idea that end-users value the experience of personalisation offered by smartphone applications. Furthermore, mHealth raised awareness of individuals’ PA level, supporting them to strategise ways of incorporating PA into their routines. Finally, negative experiences were not uncommon, though were largely caused by poor design and technical faults (e.g. battery life/ inaccurate data).

Conclusion

Our review provides evidence of the paucity of studies focused on the experiences of older adults using mHealth for the promotion of PA. Given recommendations for PA interventions to be tailored, particularly across the lifespan (2), and the positive findings noted in the current study, further primary qualitative studies exploring the perspectives of older adults are warranted.
106 Optimising Early Assessment and Intervention by Health and Social Care Professions in the ED: Preliminary Findings from the OPTIMEND RCT
Authors: O'Shaughnessy Íde , White Stephan , Smalle Eimear , Cassarino Marica , Robinson Katie , Quinn Rosie , Fiona Boland , Ward Marie , McNamara Rosa , McCarthy Gerard , O'Connor Margaret , Ryan Damien , Galvin Rose
Published: September 2019

Background

Older adults are frequent users of emergency services and demonstrate high rates of adverse outcomes following emergency care. There is some evidence to suggest that Health and Social Care Professions (HSCP) teams working in the emergency department (ED) can enhance the care of older adults but the quality of these studies is mixed. This randomised controlled trial (Trial registration: NCT03739515) explores the impact of early assessment and intervention by an ED-based HSCP team on the quality, safety and cost-effectiveness of care of older adults.

Methods

Consecutive ED attendees aged ≥65 years were considered eligible for inclusion to the trial and were screened for eligibility based on pre-defined inclusion criteria. Participants were randomised to either early assessment/intervention by interdisciplinary team comprising a senior occupational therapist, senior physiotherapist and senior medical social worker or usual care. Primary outcomes included: ED length of stay and hospital admission rates. Secondary outcomes included: patient satisfaction, function, quality of life, incidence of ED re-visits, hospital admissions, nursing home admission, healthcare utilisation and mortality at 30-day and 6-month follow-up

Results

Considering the first 140 participants, the intervention group spent significantly shorter time in the ED than the control group (7.5 vs. 15.2 median hours, p<0.001) and experienced lower admission rates (18.6% vs. 64.3%). At 30-day follow up, healthcare utilisation rates were higher in the intervention than control group (77.2% vs. 61.4%, p=0.04). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding satisfaction with their ED visit, function, quality of life of incidence of adverse outcomes at 30 days. Our cost-effectiveness analysis is ongoing.

Conclusion

Preliminary findings from our trial indicates that HSCPs working in the ED can contribute to improved older patients’ care by reducing their duration of stay in the ED and increasing rates of discharge home. Participant recruitment and six month follow-up is continuing.
111 Adding Nuance to the Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale
Authors: McKeown William , Wright Simon , Kelly Rosemary
Published: September 2019

Background

The Rockwood Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) is a well validated tool for assessing frailty. However, there is a paucity of data in the literature demonstrating how severity of clinical frailty correlates with adverse outcomes. This gap in the literature limits the ability of physicians, who predominantly use measures of frailty in day-to-day practice such as CFS, to fully construe the implications of increasing frailty for patients in their care.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, patients (n=186) aged >65 years admitted for unscheduled medical care to a district general hospital, were assigned a clinical frailty score within 24 hours of admission. Patients were then followed up for 12 months and assessed in terms of mortality, discharge to institutional care, length of hospital admission, polypharmacy and re-admission rate.

Results

This study found significant differences between frail and non-frail populations in terms of adverse patient outcomes including mortality, length of hospital admission, polypharmacy, co-morbidity and re-admission rates. Of greater importance still, this study found that increasing risk of adverse outcomes correlated with increasing CFS. For CFS ≤4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 12-month mortality rates were 7.55%, 28.6%, 31.4%, 37.14%, 87.5% and 100% respectively. For CFS ≤4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 rates of discharge to institutional care were 1.88%, 6.12%, 34.3%, 41.66%, 50% and 40% respectively.

Conclusion

These results are important as they begin to help physicians form a more nuanced interpretation of CFS. With growing emphasis on individualising patient care, binary categorisation of patients into ‘frail’ and ‘non-frail’ groups is felt to be an increasingly inadequate way of viewing frailty. This study adds information to the discourse which helps both physicians and patients to make more informed decisions regarding their on-going medical care. Larger prospective cohort studies will now be required to understand correlation between severity of frailty and patient outcomes.
148 Orthogeriatrics, Just the Beginning
Authors: Smyth Hannah , Hearne Siofra , Monahan Pheadra , Bermingham Rebecca , Nawab Sidra , Ameen Hadeer , Timmons Shirley , Mahapatra Anant , Bhuachalla Bláithín Ní , Lynch Olwyn , Basit Mian , Mulroy Martin , O'Brien Helen
Published: September 2019

Background

The most common cause of admission to the orthopaedic ward are low trauma falls resulting in a hip fracture. These fragility fractures occur in older, frail, multi-morbid patients and they are associated with a high mortality rate and significant loss of independence. The Irish Hip Fracture Database is a national clinical audit that aims to improve hip fracture care and patient outcomes. Using the Irish Hip Fracture Standards, we aimed to audit the care of hip fracture patients in an Irish Model 3 Hospital pre- and post- implementation of an orthogeriatrics service.

Methods

Local Irish Hip Fracture Database was reviewed to assess the six Irish Hip Fracture Standards prior and 4 months following the introduction of a consultant-led dedicated orthogeriatrics service.

Results

There were 63 hip fracture patients (mean age 81) in the pre-service group and 69 (mean age 81) in the post-service group. Standard 1: 3.2% of hip fractures were admitted to the orthopaedic ward within 4 hours in the pre-service group versus 18.8% post-service introduction (national average 11%, 2017). Standard 2: 67.9% underwent surgery within 48 hours and during working hours versus 67.8% (national average 69%, 2017). Standard 3: 3.5% developed a pressure ulcer during their stay pre-service versus 1.6% post-service (national average 3%, 2017). Standard 4: 4.8% were assessed by a Geriatrician pre-service versus 84% post-service (national average 50%, 2017). Standard 5: 24.6% received a bone health assessment versus 87.5% post-service (national average 73%, 2017). Standard 6: 1.8% received a falls assessment prior to discharge versus 82.8% post-service (national average 47%, 2017).

Conclusion

The introduction of a dedicated orthogeriatrics service has led to a more collaborative multi-disciplinary approach to patient care with evidence of improvements in all Irish Hip Fracture Standards. Commitment to a resourced orthogeriatric service providing rapid comprehensive geriatric assessments is essential to advance improvements in older patients’ care.
172 Sarcopenia, Frailty and Malnutrition in the Older Adults in the Emergency Department Setting
Authors: Brady Deirdre , Boyle Orla , Kelly Louise , Ryan Maeve , Wade Ruth , Whelan Caitriona , Doherty Orlaith , Murphy Maeve , Mello Sarah , McElwaine Paul , Kennelly Sean , Gray James , Hayden Derek
Published: September 2019

Background

The physical phenotype of frailty shows significant overlap with sarcopenia, and sarcopenia phenotype is associated with malnutrition. Integrating screening of these interrelated conditions, could help identify those most vulnerable in the Emergency Department (ED) setting.

Methods

Patients ≥75 were screened in the Emergency department (ED) by an interdisciplinary Gerontological ED team using a standardised assessment tool, incorporating the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and the mini-nutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF). Patients at risk of malnutrition ( MNA-SF <12) were referred for Dietetics assessment and screened for sarcopenia, using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) algorithm for case finding, followed by grip strength and calf muscle measurement.

Results

In a convenience sample of patients referred to dietetics following initial screen in ED, 57% were female (25/44) and the mean age was 83 years (range 75-94). Eighty-eight percent (39/44) were at risk of malnutrition/malnourished and 25% (11/44) were diagnosed with malnutrition (MNA-SF score 0-7). Seventy-three percent (32/44) scored ≥4 on the CFS. Fifty-two percent of all patients (23/44) had a Sarc-F ≥ 4, suggestive of sarcopenia, while 45% (20/44) had a probable diagnosis of sarcopenia and 39% (17/44) met diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.

Risk of malnutrition was more commonly observed in those patients with a CFS score ≥4 (94% vs. 75%), as was risk of sarcopenia (81% vs. 17%). Fifty percent (22/44) of all patients screened positive for suspicion of both frailty and sarcopenia (frailty score≥4 and Sarc-F score≥4).

Patients with a probable diagnosis of sarcopenia and concomitant frailty had more ED attendances, falls and longer lengths of stay.

Conclusion

Frailty, malnutrition and sarcopenia are frequently observed in older patients in the acute setting. The integration of screening measures for malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia in clinical practice can facilitate the identification of patients for multi-component targeted interventions.