bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impella CP for treatment of left ventricular free-wall rupture after myocardial infarction: Report of a case
Authors: Ishikawa Natsuya , Hirofuji Aina , Kunioka Shingo , Shirasaka Tomonori , Wakabayashi Naohiro , Kitani Yuya , Kamiya Hiroyuki
Published: June 2020

Unloading of the left ventricle (LV) is essential for the treatment of LV free-wall rupture (LVFWR), and it is well-known that the LV can be optimally unloaded with the Impella system. However, there has been no report on applying the Impella system for the treatment of LVFWR. Here, we report a patient with FWR after massive myocardial infarction who was successfully treated with non-suture repair via median sternotomy and implantation of Impella CP (Abiomed, Danvers, MA).
The distances to molecular clouds in the fourth Galactic quadrant
Authors: Chen Bingqiu , Wang Shu , Hou Ligang , Yang Yihong , Li Zhiwen , Zhao He , Jiang Biwei
Published: June 2020

Distance measurements to molecular clouds are essential and important. We present directly measured distances to 169 molecular clouds in the fourth quadrant of the Milky Way. Based on the near-infrared photometry from the Two Micron All Sky Survey and the Vista Variables in the Via Lactea Survey, we select red clump stars in the overlapping directions of the individual molecular clouds and infer the bin averaged extinction values and distances to these stars. We track the extinction versus distance profiles of the sightlines towards the clouds and fit them with Gaussian dust distribution models to find the distances to the clouds. We have obtained distances to 169 molecular clouds selected from Rice et al. The clouds range in distances between 2 and 11 kpc from the Sun. The typical internal uncertainties in the distances are less than 5 per cent and the systematic uncertainty is about 7 per cent. The catalogue presented in this work is one of the largest homogeneous catalogues of distant molecular clouds with the direct measurement of distances. Based on the catalogue, we have tested different spiral arm models from the literature.
Clinical trial design in neurofibromatosis type 1 as a model for other tumor predisposition syndromes
Authors: Gross Andrea M , Widemann Brigitte C
Published: June 2020

Up to 10% of all pediatric cancer patients may have an underlying germline mutation which predisposed them to develop a malignancy. With more patients being tested for and diagnosed with genetic tumor predisposition syndromes, there has been improved characterization of their many nonmalignant manifestations. However, designing and implementing clinical trials to treat the nonmalignant tumor and non-tumor manifestations of these syndromes poses many unique challenges. Unlike trials for malignancies where tumor response and survival can be used as straightforward trial endpoints, the nonmalignant manifestations are often chronic, evolve more slowly over time, and may not be immediately life-threatening. Therefore, they will likely require a different approach to both testing and treatment with a focus on more functional and patient-reported outcome trial endpoints. The recent success of treatment trials for the benign tumors plexiform neurofibromas in the tumor predisposition syndrome neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) can be used as a model for the development of clinical trials in other tumor predisposition syndromes. In this article, we review the unique challenges associated with targeting the nonmalignant aspects of these conditions as well as some of the lessons learned from the NF1 experience which may be applied to other syndromes in the future.
Effect of age and neurofibromatosis type 1 status on white matter integrity in the optic radiations
Authors: de Blank Peter , Berman Jeffrey I , Prelack Marisa , Sollee John R , Lane Adam , Waldman Amy T , Fisher Michael J
Published: June 2020

Background

Adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have decreased white matter integrity, but differences in children with NF1 have not been described. Defining normal values for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, especially in the optic radiations, is important to the development of DTI as a potential biomarker of visual acuity in children with optic pathway glioma. This study examines the effect of age and NF1 status on DTI measures in children.

Methods

In this retrospective study, MR imaging including DTI was conducted in 93 children (40 children with NF1 and 53 healthy controls) between 0 and 14 years of age. Regression models of age, sex, and NF1 status on DTI measures were evaluated, and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) compared DTI measures in age-matched NF1 to non-NF1 cohorts.

Results

Fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity in white matter tracts of the optic radiations varied with age and were best modeled by a logarithmic function. Age-related DTI measure change was different in NF1 versus non-NF1 subjects. Normal values and 95% confidence intervals for age 0.5–12 years were derived for both groups. Differences in DTI measures between NF1 and non-NF1 groups at a range of ages were shown diffusely throughout the cerebral white matter using TBSS.

Conclusions

Children with NF1 demonstrate increased diffusion throughout the brain compared to children without NF1 suggesting a potentially altered developmental trajectory of optic radiation microstructure. Defining normal values for white matter integrity in children with NF1 may help target early intervention efforts in this vulnerable group.
Skewed peripheral B- and T-cell compartments in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: London Jonathan , Dumoitier Nicolas , Lofek Sébastien , Dion Jérémie , Chaigne Benjamin , Mocek Julie , Thieblemont Nathalie , Cohen Pascal , Le Jeunne Claire , Guillevin Loïc , Witko-Sarsat Véronique , Varin-Blank Nadine , Terrier Benjamin , Mouthon Luc ,   for the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG)
Published: June 2020

Objectives

To characterize lymphocytes dysregulation in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).

Methods

Using flow cytometry, we analysed B- and T-cell subsets in peripheral blood from 37 untreated patients with active disease (29 GPA and 8 MPA) and 22 healthy controls (HCs).

Results

GPA patients had increased Th2 (1.8 vs 1.0%, P = 0.02), Th9 (1.1 vs 0.2%, P = 0.0007) and Th17 (1.4 vs 0.9%, P = 0.03) cells compared with HC. Patients with MPO-ANCAs had significantly more CD21– B cells than HC or PR3-ANCA patients (6.9 vs 3.3% and 4.4%, P = 0.01). CD69 expressing B cells were significantly higher in GPA and MPA (3.0 and 5.9 vs 1.4%, P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively) compared with HC, whereas B-cell activating factor-receptor expression was decreased in GPA and MPA (median fluorescence intensity ratio 11.8 and 13.7 vs 45.1 in HC, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Finally, IL-6-producing B cells were increased in GPA vs HC (25.8 vs 14.9%, P < 0.0001) and decreased in MPA vs HC (4.6 vs 14.9%, P = 0.005), whereas TNF-α-producing B cells were lower in both GPA and MPA patients compared with controls (15 and 8.4 vs 30%, P = 0.01 and P = 0.006, respectively).

Conclusion

Skewed T-cell polarization towards Th2, Th9 and Th17 responses characterizes GPA, whereas B-cell populations are dysregulated in both GPA and MPA with an activated phenotype and a decreased B-cell activating factor-receptor expression. Finally, inflammatory B cells producing IL-6 are dramatically increased in GPA, providing an additional mechanism by which rituximab could be effective.
Exploring Latinx Youth Experiences of Digital Dating Abuse
Authors: Reed Lauren A , McCullough Cosgrove Jenny , Sharkey Jill D , Felix Erika
Published: June 2020

Digital dating abuse (DDA), which is the use of social media and mobile phones to abuse a dating partner, is a common and harmful form of dating violence among youths. To date, this issue has not been studied among Latinx youths. The current study examined DDA among a sample of 70 Latinx youths with dating experience, using survey data on participants’ experiences with traditional forms of offline dating violence, DDA victimization and perpetration, healthy relationship knowledge, and self-reported conflict resolution skills. Results showed that Latinx youths experienced DDA and that there was a strong link between DDA and offline forms of dating abuse. Most participants reported high levels of healthy relationship knowledge and conflict resolution skills, but results indicated a link between DDA experience and fewer positive conflict resolution behaviors. The study has implications for the assessment and prevention of DDA among diverse populations of youths, supports the incorporation of conflict resolution skills in dating violence prevention efforts, and calls for future research on the cultural context of DDA among Latinx youths.
Identifying behavior change techniques for inclusion in a complex intervention targeting antipsychotic prescribing to nursing home residents with dementia
Authors: Walsh Kieran A , Timmons Suzanne , Byrne Stephen , Browne John , Mc Sharry Jenny
Published: June 2020

Nursing home residents with dementia are commonly prescribed antipsychotics despite the associated increased risk of harms. Interventions to optimize prescribing practice have been found to be effective in the short term, but there is a lack of evidence to support sustainability of effects, along with a lack of theory, public involvement, and transparency in the intervention development process. Using theory has been advocated as a means of improving intervention sustainability. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify behavior change techniques (BCTs) for inclusion in a complex intervention targeting antipsychotic prescribing to nursing home residents with dementia. A comprehensive approach to identifying a long list of all potential BCTs from three different sources was undertaken. The most appropriate BCTs were then selected through a two-round Delphi consensus survey with a broad range of experts (n = 18 panelists). Advisory groups of people with dementia, family carers, and professional stakeholders provided feedback on the final BCTs included. After two Delphi survey rounds, agreement was reached on 22 BCTs. Further refinement of the selected BCTs based on advisory group and panelists’ feedback, along with use of the APEASE criteria (Affordability, Practicability, Effectiveness, Acceptability, Side effects/safety, and Equity) resulted in a final list of 16 BCTs. The next step in intervention development will be to identify the most appropriate mode of delivery of the 16 BCTs identified for inclusion. The study provides a case example of a systematic approach to incorporating evidence with stakeholder views in the identification of appropriate BCTs.
Addressing Alcohol Use in Pregnancy
Authors: Mitchell Ann M. , Porter Rebecca R. , Pierce-Bulger Marilyn , McKnight-Eily Lela R.
Published: June 2020

Screening and brief counseling interventions are evidence-based approaches.
More Daily Steps are Associated With Lower Mortality
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: June 2020

According to this study:

A greater number of steps per day was significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality.

Step intensity wasn't independently associated with mortality.
Growing a More Diverse Nurse Midwifery Workforce
Authors: McSpedon Corinne
Published: June 2020

Felina Ortiz recruits and mentors students from underresourced communities.
Surgical Outcomes of a Second Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implant for the Treatment of Refractory Glaucoma
Authors: Becerril-Cazadero Roxana , Seibold Leonard K. , Turati-Acosta Mauricio , Jiménez-Roman Jesus , Fabre-Miranda Karina , Han Ying , Lazcano-Gomez Gabriel
Published: June 2020

Précis:

In this article, the authors concluded that an additional Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation after the failure of an initial AGV, even with the addition of glaucoma medications, maybe a good surgical treatment option for refractory glaucoma.

Purpose:

To evaluate the surgical outcomes of a second AGV implant in Hispanic patients with refractory glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:

The medical records of patients who underwent a second AGV implant were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical outcome measures including intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, and glaucoma medication use were collected from the preoperative visit and all follow-up visits up to 18 months after surgery. Failure was defined as one of the following: loss of light perception, sustained IOP >21 or <6 mm Hg, an IOP reduction of <20% from baseline, need for additional glaucoma surgery, including needling revision with subconjunctival adjuvant therapy, or valve extrusion.

Results:

A total of 48 patients were included. In all cases, an S-2 model was implanted in the superonasal quadrant. Mean preoperative IOP was 24.3±7.9 mm Hg and was significantly reduced to 13.9±4.8 at 6 months (P<0.05), 15.4±7.2 at 12 months (P<0.05), and 12.9±2.0 at 18 months (P<0.05). Mean glaucoma medications were reduced from 2.8±1.1 preoperatively to 1.9±1.2 at 6 months (P<0.05), 2.4±1.2 at 12 months, and 2.2±1.1 at 18 months; however, the difference was no longer statistically significant after 6 months, and the success rate was 60% at the mean for survival time of 15 months (13.7 to 16.5).

Conclusion:

The findings of this study demonstrate that a second AGV can achieve a significant reduction in IOP for up to 18 months postoperatively.
Role of 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography in prognostication and management of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Yadav Divya , Shamim Shamim Ahmed , Rastogi Sameer , Upadhyay D.M. Rituraj , Pandey Anil Kumar , Kumar Rakesh
Published: June 2020

Aim

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare tumors arising from a peripheral nerve or in extraneural soft tissue which shows high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. They can arise de-novo or through malignant transformation in neurofibromatosis (NF-1). The purpose of our study is to evaluate potential role of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) in prognostication and management of MPNSTs.

Materials and methods

We have performed a retrospective analysis in patients of MPNSTs who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for staging and restaging. Standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean) and texture parameters (calculated using radiomics package version 0.1.3) were measured for primary/recurrent lesions and were compared between two groups based on presence of event (recurrence/progression). Student t-test was applied for comparative analyses using the SPSS software package (version 23.0; IBM), with a significance level of 0.05.

Results

Thirty patients (17 male, 13 female; mean age 42.7 ± 15.66 years) were included, who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging (n = 10) and restaging (n = 20). Change in management was observed in four patients at baseline and in three patients in follow-up imaging for response assessment, who had progressive disease which prompted treatment intensification. SUVmax of primary/recurrent lesion showed correlation with histopathologic grade (r = 0.712, P = 0.034). Textural analysis showed more heterogeneity in lesions in the high-risk group with recurrence and progression.

Conclusion

18F-FDG PET/CT can be used for staging and restaging in MPNSTs leading to change in management. Texture analysis and quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters can help in prognostication at both baseline and relapse.
Optimal Treatment for Octogenarians With Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Satoi Sohei , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Uchida Kazushige , Fujii Tsutomu , Kin Toshifumi , Hirano Satoshi , Hanada Keiji , Itoi Takao , Murakami Yoshiaki , Igarashi Hisato , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Kuroki Tamotsu , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Tani Masaji , Tanno Satoshi , Tsuji Yoshihisa , Hirooka Yoshiki , Masamune Atsushi , Shimokawa Toshio , Yamaue Hiroki , Okazaki Kazuichi
Published: June 2020

Objectives

The objective of this study was to clarify the role of pancreatectomy for patients with resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma aged 80 years or older using a nationwide audit by the Japan Pancreas Society.

Methods

Data were collected from 39 institutions from 2007 to 2014. The primary endpoint was overall survival, and secondary endpoints were surgical outcomes and predictive factors for prognosis.

Results

Data were obtained from 556 octogenarians who underwent pancreatectomy (n = 369, 66%), chemo(radio)therapy (n = 99, 18%), and palliative therapy (n = 88, 16%). Median survival times were 20.6, 18.6, and 8.8 months in each group, respectively. Even after propensity score matching, median survival time in the surgery group (22.8 months) was significantly higher than that in the chemotherapy group (18.5 months; hazard ratio, 0.64 [95% confidence interval, 0.44–0.93]; P = 0.020). Significant independent prognostic factors were body mass index, lymph node metastasis, and tumor diameter in the surgery group, and serum albumin level, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, body mass index, modified Glasgow prognostic score, second-line chemotherapy, and tumor diameter in the chemotherapy group.

Conclusions

Octogenarians with resectable/borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma can be recommended for pancreatectomy according to mental and physical fitness for surgical procedures.
Measures of Dietary Fat and Energy Absorption in Healthy Adults
Authors: Bashaw Hillary , Brownell Jefferson N. , Schall Joan I. , Stallings Virginia A.
Published: June 2020

Objectives

Existing reference ranges for stool fat and energy absorption were developed using subjects in controlled environments on precise diets. This study measured energy and fat absorption in healthy, community-dwelling adults eating a moderate-to-high fat American diet via stool- and serum-based methods.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of healthy subjects recruited as the comparison group in a chronic pancreatitis study. Subjects recorded dietary intake and collected stool over 3-day periods. Stool was analyzed for fat content using the coefficient of fat absorption and for energy content using bomb calorimetry. The malabsorption blood test (MBT) was used to measure dietary fat absorption.

Results

Nineteen subjects had mean daily stool measures of 143 g wet weight, 4.1 g of fat, and 178 kcal. The mean coefficients of fat and energy absorption were 96% and 93%, respectively. The mean MBT area under the curve cut-point was greater than 8 mg·h/dL.

Conclusions

This study confirms the historical reference range for the coefficient of fat absorption in contemporary healthy, community-dwelling adults on a moderate-to-high fat diet. The study contributes to the development of reference range values for multiple bomb calorimetry–based outcomes of stool energy losses and to the serum-based MBT as a promising method for measuring fat absorption.
Risk Factors for the 90-Day Prognosis Of Severe Heat Stroke: a Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhong Li , Wu Ming , Liu Zheying , Liu Yan , Ren Guangli , Su Lei , Liu Zhifeng
Published: June 2020

Background:

Severe heat stroke is a clinical syndrome caused by host stress dysfunction due to heat stress and subsequent life-threatening organ dysfunction. We aimed to explore the early risk factors affecting the 90-day prognosis of severe heat stroke patients.

Methods:

A case-control study was used to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 117 severe heat stroke patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from April 2014 to May 2019. The risk factors affecting the 90-day mortality of the patients were analyzed, and subgroup analysis was performed comparing the complete recovery and the sequelae subgroups of survivors.

Results:

Thirteen patients (11.1%) died within 90 days. The multivariate Cox risk regression model showed that cooling time (HR 4.87; 95% CI: 1.94–12.18; P = 0.001), heart rate (HR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01–1.09; P = 0.027), and Sequential Organ Failure (SOFA) score (HR 1.41; 95% CI: 1.21–1.65; P < 0.001) were independent risk factors affecting the survival of patients. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of the combination of cooling time, heart rate, and SOFA score for the prediction of mortality due to severe heat stroke was 98.1% (95% CI 0.957–1.000, P < 0.001), the sensitivity was 96.2%, and the specificity was 92.3%.

Conclusions:

The longer the cooling duration, the faster the heart rate at admission, and the higher the SOFA score, the lower the 90-day survival rate was. These three indicators can be used in combination to predict 90-day mortality and poor prognosis in patients with severe heat stroke.
Superior Effects of Nebulized Epinephrine to Nebulized Albuterol and Phenylephrine in Burn and Smoke Inhalation-Induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Fukuda Satoshi , Lopez Ernesto , Ihara Koji , Niimi Yosuke , Andersen Clark R. , Jacob Sam , Cox Robert A. , Rojas Jose D. , Prough Donald S. , Enkhbaatar Perenlei
Published: June 2020

The severity of burn and smoke inhalation-induced acute lung injury (BSI-ALI) is associated with alveolar and interstitial edema, bronchospasm, and airway mucosal hyperemia. Previously, we have reported beneficial effects of epinephrine nebulization on BSI-ALI. However, the underlying mechanisms of salutary effects of nebulized epinephrine remain unclear. The present study compared the effects of epinephrine, phenylephrine, and albuterol on a model of BSI-ALI. We tested the hypothesis that both α1- and β2-agonist effects are required for ameliorating more efficiently the BSI-ALI. Forty percent of total body surface area, 3rd-degree cutaneous burn, and 48-breaths of cotton smoke inhalation were induced to 46 female Merino sheep. Postinjury, sheep were mechanically ventilated and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics were monitored for 48 h. Sheep were allocated into groups: control, n = 17; epinephrine, n = 11; phenylephrine, n = 6; and albuterol, n = 12. The drug nebulization began 1 h postinjury and was repeated every 4 h thereafter. In the results, epinephrine group significantly improved oxygenation compared to other groups, and significantly reduced pulmonary vascular permeability index, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and lung tissue growth factor-β1 level compared with albuterol and control groups. Epinephrine and phenylephrine groups significantly reduced trachea wet-to-dry weight ratio and lung vascular endothelial growth factor-A level compared with control group. Histopathologically, epinephrine group significantly reduced lung severity scores and preserved vascular endothelial-cadherin level in pulmonary arteries. In conclusion, the results of our studies suggest that nebulized epinephrine more effectively ameliorated the severity of BSI-ALI than albuterol or phenylephrine, possibly by its combined α1- and β2-agonist properties.
Paracoxib Alleviates Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury Through Functional Modulation of Lung-Recruited CD11bloLy6Chi Monocytes
Authors: Zhang Chaofeng , Hu Shanshan , Zosky Graeme R. , Wei Xin , Shu Shuhua , Wang Di , Chai Xiaoqing
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Lung-recruited Ly6Chi monocytes had been shown to be involved in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Our present study aimed to investigate whether the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition modulates the function of lung-recruited Ly6Chi monocytes in a mouse model of VILI.

Methods:

Mice were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 ng) intraperitoneally prior to injurious mechanical ventilation (Vt = 30 mL/kg, PEEP = 0 cmH2O). A subgroup of mice was treated with intravenous parecoxib (30 mg/kg), a COX-2 inhibitor, 1 h prior to ventilation. Control mice received saline and were not ventilated. At the end of the experiment, blood gas analysis was performed and lung tissue was collected for histological assessment. Flow cytometry was employed to quantify the different populations of lung monocytes/macrophages and their function. Isolated Ly6Chi cells were used to measure the intracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) by fluorescent probes, and cytokine production by cytometric bead array.

Results:

Exposure to LPS and injurious ventilation was associated with severe lung histological damage, oxygenation impairment, and pulmonary edema; all of which were largely attenuated following the treatment of parecoxib. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis revealed that parecoxib caused a reduction in the number of the lung-recruited CD11bloLy6Chi monocytes while there was no effect on tissue-resident CD64+ alveolar macrophages. In addition, the production of oxidative stress products (ROS, NO), MHC-II expression, and inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS and VILI in CD11bloLy6Chi monocytes was ameliorated by parecoxib.

Conclusion:

Parecoxib-induced alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation in lung-recruited Ly6Chi monocytes may partly explain the beneficial action of COX-2 inhibition in VILI.
Remote Ischemic Postconditioning Inhibits Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis and Mitophagy After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Rats
Authors: Xie Biao , Gao XuHui , Huang Yang , Zhang Yu , Zhu Shuibo
Published: June 2020

Background:

Studies have shown that remote ischemic post-conditioning can improve brain damage caused by ischemia and hypoxia. However, the specific mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of remote ischemic post-conditioning on neuronal apoptosis and mitophagy after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rats.

Methods:

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish an asphyxia cardiac arrest model by clamping the tracheal duct. First, the expression levels of P53, Cytochrome c (Cytc), and Parkin in the cytoplasm and mitochondria were observed at 3, 6, 24, and 72 h after the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Then neurological deficit scores, hippocampal neuron apoptosis, mitochondrial P53 and Parkin, cytoplasmic Cytc, and neuron ultrastructure were evaluated 24 h after ROSC.

Results:

P53 and Parkin can translocate from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, promoting the translocation of cytoplasmic Cytc to mitochondria after CPR, reaching a peak at 24 h after the ROSC. The P53 inhibitor Pifithrin-μ reduced apoptosis induced by P53 mitochondrial translocation. Apoptosis was induced after cardiac arrest and attenuated by remote ischemic postconditioning via inhibiting P53 mitochondrial translocation and the release of Cytc to the cytoplasm. In addition, remote ischemic postconditioning could inhibit Parkin-mediated mitophagy.

Conclusion:

Taken together, our results show that remote ischemic post-conditioning improves neural function after CPR by inhibiting P53 mitochondrial translocation-induced apoptosis and Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy Is Not Reversed by Euglycemia Following Islet Transplantation
Authors: Deshmukh Tejas , Emerson Peter , Anderson Patricia , Kizana Eddy , O’Connell Philip J. , Holmes-Walker D. Jane , Chong James J.H.
Published: June 2020

Background.

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for people with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to be a marker of CAN with 24-hour Holter monitoring being a robust modality to assess HRV.

Methods.

To investigate the impact of hypoglycemia on CAN and its potential reversibility with islet transplantation, we compared HRV assessment by 24-hour Holter monitor on a total of 109 subjects from 5 cohorts: (1) T1D with recurrent severe hypoglycemia and on waiting list for islet transplant, (2) T1D following islet cell transplantation (ICT), (3) T2D without hypoglycemia, (4) individuals with prediabetes, and (5) controls without diabetes. SD of the normal-normal interval, square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal-normal intervals (rMSSD) and total spectral power were analyzed.

Results.

There was no significant difference in HRV parameters between T1D subjects and T1D post ICT suggesting CAN is not reversible at a median of 4 years postislet transplant. There was a significant difference in controls and T1D in rMSSD and between controls and T2D in total power. The differential effect on rMSSD in T1D and T2D suggests potential greater impact of hypoglycemia on rMSSD.

Conclusions.

Achieving euglycemia after ICT may not reverse CAN once established with no significant difference in HRV parameters at a median of 4 years postislet transplant. Differential effects of T1D as compared with T2D on CAN were identified.
Clinical Impact of Antecedent Bariatric Surgery on Liver Transplant Outcomes: A Retrospective Matched Case-control Study
Authors: Serrano Oscar K. , Peterson Kent J. , Vock David M. , Berglund Danielle , Kandaswamy Raja , Lake John R. , Pruett Timothy L. , Chinnakotla Srinath
Published: June 2020

Background.

Bariatric surgery (BS) may be associated with significant malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies.

Methods.

Between March 1987 and January 2017, we performed 922 liver transplants (LT) at our institution; 33 had antecedent BS. We matched the BS cohort to LT recipients without BS (1:3 matching) based on exact matching for gender and cancer and inverse variance matching for age, LT body mass index, MELD score, and transplant date.

Results.

We analyzed outcomes in 132 LT recipients (33 BS; 99 non-BS). The BS cohort comprised 26 (79%) women with a mean age of 52.4 years. The BS procedures included 20 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (61%), 6 jejunoileal bypass (18%), 3 gastric band (9%), 2 sleeve gastrectomy (6%), and 1 duodenal switch (3%). The primary indications for LT listing were alcoholic cirrhosis (9; 27%), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (7; 21%), hepatitis C (8; 24%), and hepatocellular carcinoma (3; 9%). At LT, body mass index for the BS cohort was 29.6, and MELD was 24. Compared with matched controls, BS recipients did not have longer LT length of hospital stay (17.8 versus 15.7 d, P = 0.71), longer intensive care unit length of stay (5.3 versus 4.1 d, P = 0.16), or higher 30-day complication rate (76% versus 85%, P = 0.43). Overall patient survival was similar (1- and 3-y survival was 90.1% and 75.9% for BS; 90.9% and 76.4% for non-BS, P = 0.34).

Conclusions.

A history of BS does not portend a deleterious effect on LT outcomes.
COVID-19 related concerns of people with long-term respiratory conditions: A qualitative study
Authors: Philip Keir EJ , Lonergan Bradley , Cumella Andrew , Farrington-Douglas Joe , Laffan Michael , Hopkinson Nicholas S
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound psychological impacts on populations globally, with increasing levels of stress, anxiety, and depression being reported, especially in people with pre- existing medical conditions who appear to be particularly vulnerable. There are limited data on the specific concerns people have about COVID-19 and what these are based on.

METHODS

The aim of this study was to identify and explore the concerns of people with long-term respiratory conditions in the UK regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and how these concerns were affecting them. We conducted a thematic analysis of free text responses to the question “What are your main concerns about getting coronavirus?”, which was included in the British Lung Foundation/Asthma UK (BLF-AUK) partnership COVID-19 survey, conducted between the 1st and 8th of April. This was during the 3rd week of the UK’s initial social distancing measures.

RESULTS

7,039 responses were analysed, with respondents from a wide range of ages, gender, and all UK nations. Respondents reported having asthma (85%), COPD (9%), bronchiectasis (4%), interstitial lung disease (2%), or ‘other’ lung diseases (e.g. lung cancer) (1%). Four main themes were identified: 1) vulnerability to COVID-19; 2) anticipated experience of contracting COVID-19; 3) wide-reaching uncertainty; and 4) inadequate national response.

CONCLUSIONS

The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound psychological impacts. The concerns we identified largely reflect objective, as well as subjective, aspects of the current situation. Hence, key approaches to reducing these concerns require changes to the reality of their situation, and are likely to include i) helping people optimise their health, limit risk of infection, and access necessities; ii) minimising the negative experience of disease where possible, iii) providing up-to-date, accurate and consistent information, iv) improving the government and healthcare response.
Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Mikulska Malgorzata , Nicolini Laura Ambra , Signori Alessio , Di Biagio Antonio , Sepulcri Chiara , Russo Chiara , Dettori Silvia , Berruti arco , Sormani Maria Pia , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Vena Antonio , De Maria Andrea , Dentone Chiara , Taramasso Lucia , Mirabella Michele , Magnasco Laura , Mora Sara , Delfino Emanuele , Toscanini Federica , Balletto Elisa , Alessandrini Anna Ida , Baldi Federico , Briano Federica , Camera Marco , Dodi Ferdinando , Ferrazin Antonio , Labate Laura , Mazzarello Giovanni , Pincino Rachele , Portunato Federica , Tutino Stefania , Barisione Emanuela , Bruzzone Bianca , Orsi Andrea , Schenone Eva , Rosseti Nirmala , Sasso Elisabetta , Rin Giorgio Da , Pelosi Paolo , Beltramini Sabrina , Giacomini Mauro , Icardi Giancarlo , Gratarola Angelo , Bassetti Matteo
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to respiratory failure due to severe immune response. Treatment targeting this immune response might be beneficial but there is limited evidence on its efficacy.

The aim of this study was to determine if early treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with tocilizumab and/or steroids was associated with better outcome.

Methods

This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. SOC consisted of hydroxychloroquine 400mg bid plus, in those admitted before March 24th, also darunavir/ritonavir. Anti-inflammatory treatment consisted of either tocilizumab (8mg/kg intravenously or 162mg subcutaneously) or methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg for 5 days or both. Failure was defined as intubation or death, and the endpoints were failure-free survival (primary endpoint) and overall survival (secondary) at day 30. Difference between the groups was estimated as Hazard Ratio by a propensity score weighted Cox regression analysis (HROW).

Results

Overall, 196 adults were included in the analyses. They were mainly male (67.4%), with comorbidities (78.1%) and severe COVID-19 pneumonia (83.7%). Median age was 67.9 years (range, 30-100) and median PaO2/FiO2200 mmHg (IQR 133-289). Among them, 130 received early anti-inflammatory treatment with: tocilizumab (n=29, 22.3%), methylprednisolone (n=45, 34.6%), or both (n=56, 43.1%). The adjusted failure-free survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC treated patients vs. SOC was 80.8% (95%CI, 72.8-86.7) vs. 64.1% (95%CI, 51.3-74.0), HROW0.48, 95%CI, 0.23-0.99; p=0.049. The overall survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC patients vs. SOC was 85.9% (95%CI, 80.7-92.6) vs. 71.9% (95%CI, 46-73), HROW0.41, 95%CI: 0.19-0.89, p=0.025.

Conclusion

Early adjunctive treatment with tocilizumab, methylprednisolone or both may improve outcomes in non-intubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Ethnic variation in outcome of people hospitalised with Covid-19 in Wales (UK): A rapid analysis of surveillance data using Onomap, a name-based ethnicity classification tool
Authors: Thomas Daniel Rh , Orife Oghogho , Plimmer Amy , Williams Christopher , Karani George , Evans Meirion R , Longley Paul A , Janiec Janusz , Saltus Roiyah , Shankar A Giri
Published: June 2020

There is growing evidence that ethnic minorities in Europe are disproportionately affected by Covid-19. Using a name-based ethnicity classifier, we found that hospitalised Black, Asian and minority ethnic cases were younger and more likely to be admitted to intensive care (ICU). Pakistani, Bangladeshi and White - other than British or Irish, ethnic groups were most at risk. In this study, older age and male gender, but not ethnicity, were associated with death in hospitalised patients.
Diversity of Antimicrobial-Resistant Aeromonas Species Isolated from Aquatic Environments in Brazil
Authors: Conte Danieli , Palmeiro Jussara Kasuko , de Almeida Bavaroski Adriane , Rodrigues Luiza Souza , Cardozo Daiane , Tomaz Ana Paula , Camargo Josué Oliveira , Dalla-Costa Libera Maria
Published: June 2020

In the present study, we characterized antimicrobial resistance profile and genetic relatedness of Aeromonas spp. isolated from healthcare and urban effluents, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and river water. We detected the presence of genes responsible for the resistance to β-lactam, quinolone, and aminoglycoside. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were carried out to differentiate the strains and multilocus phylogenetic analysis (MLPA) was used to identify species. A total of 28 Aeromonas spp. cefotaxime-resistant strains were identified that carried a variety of resistance determinants, including uncommon GES-type β-lactamases. Multidrug-resistant Aeromonas spp. were found in hospital wastewater, WWTP, and sanitary effluent. Among these isolates, we detected A. caviae producing GES-1 or GES-5, as well as A. veronii harboring GES-7 or GES-16. We successfully identified Aeromonas spp. by using MLPA and found that A. caviae was the most prevalent species (85.7%). In contrast, it was not possible to determine sequence type of all isolates, suggesting incompleteness of the Aeromonas spp. MLST database. Our findings reinforce the notion about the ability of Aeromonas spp. to acquire determinants of antimicrobial resistance from the environment. Such ability can be enhanced by the release of untreated healthcare effluents, in addition to the presence of antimicrobials, recognized as potential factors for the spread of resistance. Thus, Aeromonas spp. could be included as priority pathogens under the One Health concept.

IMPORTANCE

Aeromonas species are native bacteria in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. However, they have also been isolated from humans and animals. Globally, aquatic environments have been affected by anthropogenic activities. For example, the excessive use of antimicrobials in medical and veterinary practice causes the development of bacterial resistance. In addition, eliminated hospital and sanitary effluents can also serve as potential sources of bacteria carrying antimicrobial resistance genes. Thereby, impacted environments play an important role in the transmission of these pathogens, their evolution, and dissemination of genes conferring resistance to antimicrobials. Aeromonas spp. have been reported as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes in the environment. In this study, we identified a great repertoire of antimicrobial resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. from diverse aquatic ecosystems, including those that encode enzymes degrading broad-spectrum antimicrobials widely used to treat healthcare-associated infections. These are a public health threat as they may spread in the population.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Lefamulin in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Neutrophilia Model
Authors: Hafner Michael , Paukner Susanne , Wicha Wolfgang W. , Hrvačić Boška , Gelone Steven P.
Published: June 2020

Lefamulin is a novel pleuromutilin antibiotic approved for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. This study demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity of lefamulin in a murine lipopolysaccharide-induced lung neutrophilia model. Pretreatment of mice at clinically relevant lefamulin subcutaneous doses (35, 70, 140 mg/kg [free base]) followed by intranasal lipopolysaccharide challenge (5 μg/50 μL/mouse) demonstrated significant, dose-dependent reductions in total and neutrophil cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples, with reductions comparable to oral dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) pretreatment.
A p53-dependent translational program directs tissue-selective phenotypes in a model of ribosomopathies
Authors: Tiu Gerald C. , Kerr Craig H. , Forester Craig M. , Krishnarao Pallavi S. , Rosenblatt Hannah D. , Raj Nitin , Zhulyn Olena , Bowen Margot E. , Shokat Leila , Attardi Laura D. , Ruggero Davide , Barna Maria
Published: June 2020

In ribosomopathies, perturbed expression of ribosome components leads to tissue-specific phenotypes, such as limb and craniofacial defects as well as bone marrow failure. What accounts for such tissue-selective manifestations as a result of mutations in the ribosome, a ubiquitous cellular machine, has remained a mystery. Combining comprehensive mouse genetics andin vivoribosome profiling, we observe limb patterning phenotypes in ribosomal protein (RP) haploinsufficient embryos and uncover corresponding selective translational changes of transcripts controlling limb development. Surprisingly, both loss of p53, which is activated by RP haploinsufficiency, and augmented protein synthesis rescue these phenotypes. These findings are reconciled by the unexpected identification that p53 functions as a master regulator of protein synthesis through transcriptional activation of 4E-BP1. 4E-BP1, a key regulator of translation, in turn, facilitates selective changes in the translatome downstream of p53 and thereby explains, at least in part, how RP haploinsufficiency elicits specificity to gene expression. These results provide an integrative model to explain howin vivotissue-specific phenotypes emerge from a mutation in a ribosome component.
Fungi ligE-typeglutathione S-transferaseshorizontally transferred into plants and a protozoan
Authors: Li Dan , Zhang Meng
Published: June 2020

Horizontal gene transfers (HGT) were considered as common evolution approaches for organisms. However, most HGT especially those HGT among distant species, like microbes to plants, were over-estimated because they were just identified based on the criteria of Blast searches and gene tree–species tree reconciliation. Recently, a ligE-type glutathione S-transferase (GST),Fhb7-GSTwas considered as an HGT fromEpichloëtoThinopyrum elongatum. To confirm and clarify the occurring patterns of this HGT, homologue searches were conducted. AlthoughTeFhb7-GSTwas not found in other plants, ligE-GSTs were found in not only plants but also an ameba protozoan. Additionally,ligE-GSTswere likely to horizontally transfer from fungi to other organisms. LigE-GSTs evolve in various fungi, but they only exist in some liverworts and green algae. Interestingly, all theseligE-GSTgenes in these plants share more than 90% similarities with that from fungusConiosporium apollinis. More than that, the protozoan homologue fromAcanthamoeba castellaniihave 94.9% similiarity with that fromC. apollinis. Actually, only a few substitutions were found in two homologues except a 111-bp lost inA. castellanii ligE-GST. All these results suggested HGT is an important evolutionary method for all organisms. Notably, natural HGT remind us to reevaluate the transgenic crops.
Immune Fingerprinting through Repertoire Similarity
Authors: Dupic Thomas , Koraichi Meriem Bensouda , Minervina Anastasia , Pogorelyy Mikhail , Mora Thierry , Walczak Aleksandra M.
Published: June 2020

Immune repertoires provide a unique fingerprint reflecting the immune history of individuals, with potential applications in precision medicine. However, the question of how personal that information is and how it can be used to identify individuals has not been explored. Here, we show that individuals can be uniquely identified from repertoires of just a few thousands lymphocytes. We present “Immprint,” a classifier using an information-theoretic measure of repertoire similarity to distinguish pairs of repertoire samples coming from the same versus different individuals. Using published T-cell receptor repertoires and statistical modeling, we tested its ability to identify individuals with great accuracy, including identical twins, by computing false positive and false negative rates < 10−6from samples composed of 10,000 T-cells. We verified through longitudinal datasets and simulations that the method is robust to acute infections and the passage of time. These results emphasize the private and personal nature of repertoire data.
Schistosoma haematobiumextracellular vesicle proteins confer protection in a heterologous model of schistosomiasis
Authors: Mekonnen Gebeyaw G. , Tedla Bemnet A. , Pickering Darren , Becker Luke , Wang Lei , Zhan Bin , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Loukas Alex , Sotillo Javier , Pearson Mark S.
Published: June 2020

Helminth parasites release extracellular vesicles which interact with the surrounding host tissues, mediating host-parasite communication and other fundamental processes of parasitism. As such, vesicle proteins present attractive targets for the development of novel intervention strategies to control these parasites and the diseases they cause. Herein, we describe the first proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS of two types of extracellular vesicles (exosome-like, 120k pellet vesicles and microvesicle-like, 15k pellet vesicles) from adultSchistosoma haematobiumworms. A total of 57 and 330 proteins were identified in the 120k pellet vesicles and larger 15k pellet vesicles, respectively, and some of the most abundant molecules included homologues of known helminth vaccine and diagnostic candidates such asSm-TSP2,Sm23, glutathione S-tranferase, saposins and aminopeptidases. Tetraspanins were highly represented in the analysis and found in both vesicle types. Vaccination of mice with recombinant versions of three of these tetraspanins induced protection in a heterologous challenge (S. mansoni) model of infection, resulting in significant reductions (averaged across two independent trials) in liver (47%, 38% and 41%) and intestinal (47%, 45% and 41%) egg burdens. These findings offer insight into the mechanisms by which anti-tetraspanin antibodies confer protection and highlight the potential that extracellular vesicle surface proteins offer as anti-helminth vaccines.
Structure-aware Protein Solubility Prediction From Sequence Through Graph Convolutional Network And Predicted Contact Map
Authors: Chen Jianwen , Zheng Shuangjia , Zhao Huiying , Yang Yuedong
Published: June 2020

Motivation

Protein solubility is significant in producing new soluble proteins that can reduce the cost of biocatalysts or therapeutic agents. Therefore, a computational model is highly desired to accurately predict protein solubility from the amino acid sequence. Many methods have been developed, but they are mostly based on the one-dimensional embedding of amino acids that is limited to catch spatially structural information.

Results

In this study, we have developed a new structure-aware method to predict protein solubility by attentive graph convolutional network (GCN), where the protein topology attribute graph was constructed through predicted contact maps from the sequence. GraphSol was shown to substantially out-perform other sequence-based methods. The model was proven to be stable by consistent R2of 0.48 in both the cross-validation and independent test of theeSOLdataset. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to utilize the GCN for sequence-based predictions. More importantly, this architecture could be extended to other protein prediction tasks.

Availability

The package is available athttp://biomed.nscc-gz.cn

Contact

yangyd25@mail.sysu.edu.cn

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.