bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dziedzictwo Ojców pustyni w "Regule" św. Benedykta
Authors: Borkowska Małgorzata
Published: June 2022

The teachings of the Desert Fathers are for St. Benedict the primary source of monastic tradition. He does not, however, draw from this source indiscriminately. In every point on which the tradition is divided into different schools he makes a decided choice between them; often, by the way, a different choice than that made by his chief textual source, the Regula Magistri. Since his choices were to influence the whole history and spirituality of the Western monasticism, it is important to realize the lines on which they were made, even if they seem (after 15 centuries) matter of course.
Chrześcijański styl życia w 32 homilii ze zbioru 38 homilii „Chrysostomus latinus”
Authors: Burczak Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

Die Homilie ist primar gekennzeichnet von pastoraler Sorge um die christliche Lebenspraxis. Zum wahren Leben kann nur eine Uberwindung des Kórperlichen am Menschen fiihren. Fur Sallust erreicht es, „qui aliquo negotio intentus praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit”; der Autor der Homilie iiberbitet ihn, indem er verlangt, man rniiBe gerade dieser Form von Leben absagen, um eine evangelica vita zu fuhren.
Początki chrześcijaństwa w Gruzji (I-VII w.)
Authors: Chmielecki Tymon Tytus
Published: June 2022

La Georgie est un des rares pays qui jouisse de la presence chretienne depuis les premiers siecles. Tres riche et encore non completement connue, l’histoire du chris- tianisme georgien fut marquee au cours des siecles par une continuelle lutte de cette petite nation pour la conservation de la foi et de l’independance religieuse face aux nombreux dangers qui venaient des pays limitrophes.
L’insegnamento monastico geronimiano
Authors: Degórski Bazyli
Published: June 2022

Artykuł ukazuje naukę ascetyczną św. Hieronima na podstawie jego dzieł skierowanych wyraźnie do mnichów. Wykorzystane w nim zostały wszystkie pisma Hieronimowe, wśród których na pierwsze miejsce wysuwają się listy. Obszerne urywki Hieronimowych dzieł monastycznych chcą przybliżyć myśl samego Autora, pozwalając mu przemawiać bezpośrednio do czytelnika, nie zaciemniając w ten sposób głębokiego przesłania Ojca Kościoła poprzez nadmierny, niekiedy zbyteczny komentarz.
Kościół jako państwo (polis) w nauce Klemensa Aleksandryjskiego
Authors: Drączkowski Franciszek
Published: June 2022

Dans ses ecrits, Clement d’Alexandrie definit souvent l’Eglise en tant qu’etat, en utilisant les termes polis et politeia. Cet etat, possćdant son etre reel sur la terre, se rejouit de la pleine souverainete.
Rewelatywno-temporalny wymiar odkupienia w oparciu o „De civitate Dei” św. Augustyna
Authors: Edling Jan
Published: June 2022

Die Zeit und die Geschichte spielen eine besondere Rolle im augustinischen Offenbarungsverstandnis. Ais Spur „vestigium” sind sie ein der Prasenz Gottes in der Welt.
Autor i data powstania "O rozróżnieniu między istotą a hipostazą" (tzw. Listu 38 św. Bazylego Wielkiego)
Authors: Grodecki Tomasz
Published: June 2022

Wir halten das Werk fur das erste von den trinitarischen Arbeiten Gregors, das auch Ausgangspunkt der fast bis zum Konzil von Konstantinopel dauernden Diskussion Gregors mit den von seinen Gegnern gestellten Vorwurfen war.
Dobra materialne starożytnego Kościoła
Authors: Grzywaczewski Józef
Published: June 2022

Dans cet article on a examine les textes des Peres de l’Eglise sous l’aspect des biens materiels. On constate que l’Eglise possedait certains biens materiels commme les eglises, les chappelles ou bien les maisons, soit comme lieu d’habitation du clerge soit comme hospice pour les pauvres.
Greccy filozofowie przyrody u Hipolita Rzymskiego (Philosophumena sive Refutatio omnium haeresium I 1-16)
Authors: Kalinkowski Stanisław
Published: June 2022

tłumaczenie
Doktor dziewictwa - św. Ambroży
Authors: Kania Wojciech
Published: June 2022

Hac in dissertatiuncula doctrina S. Ambrosii Mediolanensis episcopi de virginitate, praesertim Beatissimae Mariae, breviter exponitur.
Ksiądz Adolf Hytrek (1853-1899) archeolog z kręgu G. de Rossiego
Authors: Kiełbasa Antoni
Published: June 2022

Adolf Hytrek war Priester der Diozese Breslau. Geboren am 17 VI1853 im Dorf Oberwitz (Obrowiec), das damals zur Pfarrei Jaschona (Jasiona) bei GroG Strehlitz gehorte. Seine Eltern waren: Peter und Susanne Loss. Er hatte vier Schwestern und drei Briider. Kusin war der Priester Viktor Loss, Publizist und Sozialaktivist in Schlesien.
Święty Augustyn, Kazanie 20 „Stwórz we mnie, o Boże, serce czyste” (Sermo 20: „Cor mundum crea in me, Deus” Ps 50, 12)
Authors: Kolbus Elżbieta
Published: June 2022

tłumaczenie
Problem kary śmierci w nauczaniu i działalności św. Augustyna
Authors: Kołosowski Tadeusz
Published: June 2022

Die Analyse der Schriften des heiligen Augustinus lasst zu feststellen, dass Augustinus in der theoretischen Betrachtungen die Todesstrafe erlaubt. Der Richter, welcher ais der Vertreter der offentlichen Behorde dem Tode verurteilt, nicht handelt gegen das Gebot.
Patrystyczna koncepcja sprawiedliwości
Authors: Kowalczyk Stanisław
Published: June 2022

Die Schriftsteller des friihen Christentums (Brief von Barnabas, Hermas, Clemens von Alexandrien, Tertullian, Origenes) und die Kirchenvater (der HI. Basil der GroBe, der HI. Johannes Chrysostomus, der HI. Ambrosius und der HI. Augustinus) haben grundsatzlich das Recht der Christen auf Besitz des Privateigentums akzeptiert.
Eucharystia sakramentem pokory Chrystusa. Św. Augustyn o Eucharystii w "Objaśnieniu Psalmu" 33
Authors: Królikowski Janusz
Published: June 2022

L’autore di questo articolo rivolge l’attenzione sulla riflessione concemente l’Eucaristia nell’Enarratio in Ps. XXXIII in cui sant’Agostino parła di questo sacramento come del sacramento dell’umilta di Cristo. L’umilta della Trinita soprattutto l’umilta del Figlio di Dio, Gesu Cristo, manifestatasi nell’Incarnazione e fonte da cui sorge l’Eucaristia.
Chrystologia Ojców Kapadockich
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: June 2022

Dissertatiuncula haec post introductionem, in qua quaestio christologica ab Apollinario Laodiceno orta breviter exponitur, duabus partibus constat: in priore nomen Patrum Cappadociae eorumąue generalis theologia (id est doctrina trinitaria, pneumatologia, mariologia, ecclesiologia, sacramentologia atque disciplina ascetica) breviter delineantur, in altera autem ipsa illorum christologia, quae notam antiapollinaristicam habet, iuxta tres sequentes sententias latius explanatur: l.Verbum Divinum in incarnatione non aliquod caeleste sed verum corpus humanum assumpsit; 2. In incarnatione Verbum Divinum plenum hominem id est cum anima rationali assumpsit; 3. In Christo post incamationem duae plenae naturae - divina ac humana - substantialiter coniunctae unam solam personam per commixtionem constituunt.
Obyczaje życia codziennego chrześcijan drugiej połowy IV wieku w świetle pism Bazylego Wielkiego
Authors: Milewski Ireneusz
Published: June 2022

In diesem Beitrag wurde eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit auf die so genannten „hellenischen” Sitten und Brauche gelenkt. Nach Basilius Meinung war die Begrabnisfeier der Christen seiner Zeit der heidnischen ahnlich. Im Leichenzug nahmen die Klageweiber teil, die wehlklagten und ihre Gesichten zerfleischten.
List Piotra do Filipa (Epistula Petri ad Philippum, Nag Hammadi Codex VIII 2)
Authors: Myszor Wincenty
Published: June 2022

tłumaczenie
Pseudo Antoni Egipski, Pouczenia o moralnym życiu i uczciwym postępowaniu
Authors: Naumowicz Józef
Published: June 2022

tłumaczenie
Praktike jako walka ze złymi myślami w nauce Ewagriusza z Pontu
Authors: Nieścior Leon
Published: June 2022

Evagrios, indem er ein Modeli der Wiistenaskese darstellte, konzentrierte sich auf ihr Grundproblem, auf die Frage der Gedankenaskese. Der Ponter Teologe zeigte konkrete asketische Mittel, die helfen sollen, die innerliche Welt in sich selbst zu ordnen.
Świętego Augustyna „Confessiones”: dialog i świadectwo
Authors: Paciorek Piotr
Published: June 2022

Les Confessions de Saint Augustin consistent en un long dialogue avec Dieu l’Invisible mais toujours present comme Verite Supreme. Du premier jusqu’au treizieme livre Augustin se dirige vers Dieu.
Nawrócenia w IV wieku. Motywy oraz reperkusje społeczne
Authors: Pałucki Jerzy
Published: June 2022

In questi ultimi anni ci imbattiamo, anche nella nostra patria, in una piu forte ondata di ritomi alla Chiesa di persone che, per diversi motivi, per molto tempo si erano dichiarate non credenti.
Pośmiertna kariera św. Hipolita
Authors: Pietras Henryk
Published: June 2022

Ci sarebbe quindi un Ippolito di Arabia detto Romano a causa del luogo di morte, fama e culto; vescovo detto presbitero a causa della convenienza di questo culto - inspiegabile in caso se fosse vescovo scismatico.
Polska bibliografia antyku chrześcijańskiego 1997
Authors: Naumowicz Józef , Longosz Stanisław
Published: June 2022

bibliografia
Marceli z Ancyry, Fragmenty zachowanych pism (Marcelli Ancyrani scriptorum fragmenta)
Authors: Słomka Jan
Published: June 2022

tłumaczenie
Św. Romanos Melodos - hymnos akathistos. Bizantyńska muzyka i poezja liturgiczna
Authors: Sowa Wojciech
Published: June 2022

The aim of this article is to show the poetry of Saint Romanos the Melodist, one of the greatest poets of the Byzantine Empire, the most probable autor of the Akathistos Hymnos - dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, and to situate this lyric masterpiece in the Christian literary tradition, in the theology, and aesthetics.
Nie ma teologii bez źródeł
Authors: Staniek Edward
Published: June 2022

La teologia intesa sia come una scienza sia come un’ arte si fonda sui testi di prima mano. Ouesto secondo tipo di teologia sottołinea piu il contatto eon il destinatario. Per le loro opere i Padri della Chiesa in ogni generazione sono maestri sia dell’approfondimento della Rivelazione contenuta nella Bibbia sia anche della sua trasmissione agli ascoltatori.
Scena „Quo vadis?” (Acta Petri, Martyrium 6)
Authors: Starowieyski Marek
Published: June 2022

En revenant au celebre roman de H. Sienkiewicz nous constatons, que l’ opinion des auteurs des apocryphes est contraire a celle de H. Sienkiewicz: il affirme que Christe doit substituer Pierre fuyant de la Ville, tandis que les auteurs des apocryphes affirment que Christe revient pour souffrir en Pierre comme il souffre dans ses elus, les martyrs.
Nie zrealizowana powieść Henryka Sienkiewicza o Julianie Apostacie
Authors: Stępniewska Alicja
Published: June 2022

Anhand der aufbewahrten Korrespondenz des Arzbischofs J. Teodorowicz stellt die Autorin des Artikels die Vorbereitungen von H. Sienkiewicz dar, einen Roman iiber Julianus Apostata zu schreiben; dann weist sie auf den Grund hin, dass der Schriftsteller auf die weitere Arbeit an diesem Roman verzichtet hat.
Divinum decretum czyli prawo Boże (Refleksje nad "De Trinitate" św. Hilarego z Poitiers)
Authors: Sulowski Jan
Published: June 2022

Ilario da Poitiers - in un certo senso apre nuove prospettive di tutta la teologia cristiana. Nuove - perche le sue opere erano sconosciute a causa del suo latino particolarmente difficile. La traduzione ed edizione in polacco - la prima lingua moderna la quale rende tutte sue opere accessibili - permette attingere loro richezze.
Egzegeza alegoryczna Pisma Świętego w listach Paulina z Noli
Authors: Swoboda Antoni
Published: June 2022

L’autore dell’articolo intitolato „L’esegesi allegorica della Sacra Scrittura nelle lettere di S. Paolino di Nola” presenta che la Sacra Scrittura occupava in loro un posto particolare. Le citazioni non soltanto esprimevano meglio dei pensieri di Paolino, descrivevano delle persone gli conosciute ma anche l’interpretazione della Sacra Scrittura consisteva nel cercare in essa dei simboli e nel commentare il loro senso.
Węzłowe problemy Kościoła w Afryce Północnej po upadku panowania wandalskiego w VI wieku
Authors: Śrutwa Jan
Published: June 2022

Apres la victoire de l’armee de l’Empereur Justinien le Grand, remportee sur les Vandales en Afrique latine (533), l’Eglise locale avait la chance de guerir ses blessures et de se renforcer.
Grzech przeciwko Duchowi Świętemu (Mt 12,31-32) w "De principiis" Orygenesa
Authors: Turek Waldemar
Published: June 2022

Il tema del peccato contro lo Spirito Santo nella tradizione patristica viene elaborato in stretto rapporto con l’esegesi dei testi sinottici: Mt 12, 31-32; Mc 3, 28-30 e Lc 12, 10.
Patrystyka w czasopismach 1997 roku
Authors: Woźniak Paweł
Published: June 2022

bibliografia
Grzech pierworodny w twórczości Seduliusza
Authors: Wójtowicz Henryk
Published: June 2022

Auctor huius commentationis primum enumerat Sedulii opera omnia, deinde de rebus et partibus Paschalis carminis nec non de eruditis gentilibus, quibus hoc carmen a poeta est destinatum, postea Boleslai Gładysz et Michaelis Mazzega laudat dissertationes, in quibus mentio quaedam de peccato originali apud Sedulium in genere quidem, sed non in specie est facta.
Etapy nawrócenia według Jana Chryzostoma. Studium fragmentów IX Homilii do Listu do Hebrajczyków
Authors: Żelazny Jan W.
Published: June 2022

S. Giovanni Crisostomo era un vescovo, che si interessato piu alla vita pastorale che dei problemi della teologia.
Monastyczna duchowość duszpasterza późnopatrystycznego
Authors: Żurek Antoni
Published: June 2022

Die Schrift De vita contemplativa kann man ais ein Traktat uber die Spiritualitat der Kleriker mit Pastoralanweisungen bezeichnen. Ihrem Verfasser geht es darum, den Klerikern in Amten und Pflichten ein Kompendiums von spirituellen Lebens- regeln und pastorale Arbeit anzubieten.
CONTENT-PROCESS APPROACH IN PROJECTING PROFESSIONALISM OF A MODERN TEACHER
Authors: Kondrashova L.V.
Published: June 2022

The article reveals the essence, the main haracteristics of content-proceural approach in learning and its possibilities in the professional formation of futre teachers in university education.
INDIVIDUAL APPROACH TO LEARNING AS A COMPONENT OF SUCCESS STUDY IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Savchenko L.O.
Published: June 2022

In article, the problem of introduction of an individual approach in process of creating of students in higher educational institutions is considered.
EMOTIONAL STABILITY AS A NECESSARY INDICATOR OF THE PROFESSIONALISM OF A FUTURE TEACHER
Authors: Hordiyenko N.V.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the theoretical substantiation of role of emotional flimness as a necessary index of future teacher’s professional experience. The essence of the term and peculiarities of its displaying in the context of professional activity of teacher as his stability factor are revealed.
CRITERIA INDICATORS OF THE LEVEL OF FORMED CREATIVE SKILLS OF EDUCATIONAL CHARACTER IN STUDENTS
Authors: Baditsa M.
Published: June 2022

The article describes the separate aspects of complex study of the formed level of creative abilities of graphic for students, characterizes territorial indexes.
FORMATION OF ACTIVE PROFESSIONAL POSITION OF FUTURE TEACHERS BY MEANS OF USING INTERACTIVE METHODS OF TEACHING IN THE PROCESS OF STUDY TEACHING
Authors: Shcherbyna S.M. , Shcherbyna I.Yu.
Published: June 2022

This article is devoted to forming of active professional position of future teachers by means of using interactive methods of learning during pedagogical training.
MAIN ASPECTS OF DETERMINING THE STATE OF EXTRACURRICULAR WORK ON THE FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE CULTURE OF STUDENTS IN THE PRACTICE OF HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL
Authors: Havrylyuk O.O.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the analysis of the slate of extra-curriculum activity in the process of higher pedagogical school and causes of low level of students' communicative culture.
DESIGN OF COGNITIVE FORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDEPENDENCES OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE STUDY OF ECONOMIC DISCIPLINES
Authors: Malykhina S.V.
Published: June 2022

The article reveals some approaches concerning forming students cognitive independence in the course of economic disciplines training, special attention is paid to working out the technology, and also to organizational forms, methods, receptions and means as its integral components.
TEACHER'S POSITION TO INTERPERSONAL INTERACTION IN A CONFLICT SITUATION
Authors: Zelenkova N.I.
Published: June 2022

In the article grounds possibilities of the position of teacher to interpersonal interaction in the conflict situation.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SELF-ACTUALIZATION OF THE FUTURE TEACHER. MUSIC IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
Authors: Sultanova E.V.
Published: June 2022

The article «The mining of self-actualization future teacher of music is in a process of the professional training» has education, which must be trended to the profession-personal self-actualization or to the realization and the development of creative potential of every student, to promote his personal professional advance and it's an important stage for the way of the student's personal development and the decision ofprofessional prospects, ft is studied the motivation of the aspiration future teacher of music to self-actualization. It is discovered the meaning of selfactualization and the demands to it.
ISSUES OF CREATING A FUNCTIONAL-ACTIVITY COMPETENCE MODEL OF A REGIONAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Porev S.M.
Published: June 2022

In this article is considered methodological and competence aspects, scientific management issues of universities, which can be qualified as regional. Functional and competence model of regional university is formed. It presents values and parameters of education, science, technology and innovation activities, competence profiles for students according to regional needs.
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF MUSICAL INTERESTS OF JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN IN MUSIC LESSONS
Authors: Kosyak L.I.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the pedagogical conditions that contribute to the successful formation of musical interests of junior schoolchildren in music lessons.
James F. Hollifield–Neil Foley (Ed.), Küresel Göçü Anlamak, California: Stanford Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2022, 497.
Authors: TUNCA Hakan Ömer
Published: June 2022

Kuzey Amerika ve Avrupa'da göç ve vatandaşlık politikaları, yerlilik/yabancı düşmanlığı ve etno-milliyetçi hareketler üzerine araştırmalar yapan Güney Metodist Üniversitesi Clements Güneybatı Araştırmaları Merkezi Direktör Yardımcısı ve “Amerika’nın Oluşumunda Meksikalılar” kitabı ile 2015 yılı Pulitzer adayı tarih Prof. Neil Foley ile aynı okulda siyaset bilimi, tarih, ekonomi, işletme ve kültürel çalışmalar yapan John Goodwin Tower Siyasi Araştırmalar Merkezi Direktörü ve karşılaştırmalı siyaset, ekonomik kalkınma ve göç uzmanı siyaset bilimi Prof. James F. Hollifield’ın editörlüğünü yaptığı “Küresel Göçü Anlamak” kitabı; uzun yıllar Avrupa, Kuzey Amerika, Avusturalya ve Yeni Zelanda’ya odaklanmış genellikle liberal karşılaştırmalı göç çalışmalarının aksine küresel çapta Asya, Afrika, Ortadoğu ve Amerika’nın tamamını içeren bölümleriyle güncel ve zamanlaması iyi bir çalışma olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde insan hareketliliğini başarı ile yönetmek için ülkelerin ekonomi, insan hakları, güvenlik, sosyal ve kültürel haklarda iyi bir denge sağlaması gerekmektedir. Bu kitapta farklı coğrafi konumları, sömürgecilik tarihleri, etnik yapıları, devlet kapasiteleri, küresel pazarlara giriş usulleri ve ulusal çıkar anlayışları olan dünyanın farklı ülkelerinin göçü nasıl ele aldıkları anlatılmaktadır. Kitapta bu farklılıkların nasıl ortaya çıktığı ve farklılıkların devlet ile göç politikalarını nasıl etkilediğine işaret edilmiştir. Birbiriyle tutarlı, farklılıklara odaklanan bölümlerin her biri diğeri ile karşılaştırılabilmesine ve bunları tarihsel bir perspektifte incelenebilmesine imkân sağlamaktadır. Kitaba derinliğine bakıldığında batıda geliştirildiği düşünülen göç yönetiminin dünyanın kalan kısmı için bir model olmaktan uzakta olduğu görülmektedir. Gelecekte göç yönetiminin kitabın da katkısıyla iki göç modelinin birleşerek yenilenebileceği öngörüsüne ulaşılmaktadır.
Türkiye’de Din Olgusu Bağlamında Sivil Toplumun İmkânı: Şanlıurfa’daki Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları Örneği
Authors: YILDIZ Deniz , ASLAN TURAN Esra
Published: June 2022

Sivil toplum kavramı, ilk çağdan günümüze kadar tartışma konusu olmuştur. Aydınlanma dönemine kadar devlet ve siyasi erk ile özdeşleştirilen kavram; bu dönemden itibaren devlet, hükümet gibi siyasî organlardan görece bağımsız olan alanları ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. Kavramın ilişkilendirildiği alanların başında ise din olgusu gelmiştir. Batı’da yapılan tartışmalar; dinin sivil topluma kaynaklık etmesi veya Hıristiyanlık dışındaki dinlerin sivil toplumla ne kadar uyumlu olabileceği konusuna yoğunlaşmıştır. Ortadoğu, Asya ve daha özelde Türkiye’de ise araştırmacılar sivil toplumun var olup olmadığı ya da tarihsel görünümleri ile (vakıf, cemiyet gibi) meşgul olmuştur. Sivil toplum ve din münasebetine dair bu teorik tartışmaları sınamak amacıyla Şanlıurfa’daki STK’ler ile bir dizi görüşme yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızda, konuya dair kuruluşların bakış açısını daha iyi yansıtabilmek için nitel araştırma yöntemi ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği tercih edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla çalışmamızın verileri Şanlıurfa’daki 24 STK ile yapılan görüşmelere dayanmaktadır. Söz konusu görüşmeler sonrasında STK’lerin sivil toplum- din münasebetine dair düşünceleri üç tema altında (İslami Eğilimli STK’ler, Dinin Araçsallaştırılmasına Karşı Çıkan STK’ler, Dinî Bir Kimlikle Anılmak İstemeyen STK’ler) değerlendirilmiştir. Şanlıurfa özelinde STK’lerin konu hakkındaki teorik tartışmalardan uzak bir şekilde dinî fikir ve misyonlara açık olduğu, kendinden farklı inanç ve görüşlere yönelik şiddet eğiliminde bulunmadıkları, ayrıca doğrudan dinî gayeleri olmayan STK’lerin fikirlerinin katı bir din karşıtlığına dönüşmediği tespit edilmiştir.
An overview of different approaches to the interpretation of “Needham's Grand Question”
Authors: Changlin Yu
Published: June 2022

The development of science and technological innovations are important factors of the economic prosperity of any country. After many centuries of advanced scientific and technological progress China had been retarding European countries for several centuries both in the field of basic scientific and technological researches. The article focuses on systematisation and analysis of scientists’ opinions on " Needham's Grand Question " that is formulated in the form of two interrelated questions: "Why was the Chinese civilization more successful than the Western one in acquiring natural knowledge and applying it to the needs of human practice since I until the 15th century AD?" and "Why science has been developing in European civilization, but not in Chinese (or Indian) ones since the 16th century?"
The article offers the explanation of that phenomenon which is given by Chinese and foreign scientists. The explanation can be divided in three types: the mental characteristics of Chinese society (an organic understanding of nature, excessive respect for traditions, the philosophy of spirituality in combination with applied pragmatism, contempt for physical labor), environmental factors (vast territory, favorable climate, limited access to the sea) and institutional structure (a rigid estate-bureaucratic system with clearly built social elevators, a system of imperial examinations, academic stagnation).
Forecast of anaemia prevalence in the regions of Russia using the agent-based model
Authors: Mashkova Aleksandra
Published: June 2022

In the article development of the agent-based model of anemia prevalence in Russia is discussed. The structure of the model is presented, which includes agents-residents, food producers and sales agents. For each actor in the model, algorithms have been developed that determine their interactions. For food producers, their purchases, sales, production process and dynamics of investments in equipment are simulated. Simulation of sales agents includes the assortment formation and product prices, taking into account transport and trade margins. Households form their diet based on their income, composition, traditions and habits. The expected dynamics of anemia is modeled depending on the quality of the received food and the current stage of the disease. The article also discusses program realization and information support of the model, the user interface is presented. Three scenarios of the dynamics of the socio-economic environment of the model are formalized, taking into account epidemiological and external economic risks. A series of calculations was carried out to predict the dynamics of anemia prevalence under conditions of the developed scenarios. A program of subsidizing low-income families was proposed and its influence on availability of a balanced diet and anemia prevalence among Russian residents was studied.
Logistics approach to organizing ethno-economic industrial clusters (сase of the Tuva Republic)
Authors: Mongush Bailakma
Published: June 2022

One of the main branches of economy in Tuva republic is cattle breeding which has developed historically on the basis of Tuva’s geographical position, climate and environmental conditions and centuries-old experience of Tuvinian population. Ethno-economic custom of Tuvinian people together with the governmental support lay the groundwork for the development of regional industrial clusters such as the DUK project (processing of sheep wool and goat hair) and the KESH project (currying of animal skins). In order to raise marketability and promote industrial development on the whole, it seems reasonable to organize groups of manufacturing clusters in the region, which would unite factories dealing with processing of raw materials supplied by traditional ethnic households. The aim of this work is to define optimal geographical coordinates for manufacturing facilities taking into account the location of raw material suppliers, to the effect of minimizing transportation costs. The authors suggest a mathematic model of optimal economic space layout on the basis of the development of traditional industrial system. Cluster analysis apparatus was used as well as logistic approach to formation of production and distribution network taking into account the existing transport infrastructure. Calculations were made using the example of organization and development of Tuvinian light industry cluster based on traditional for this region branch of economy, sheep breeding
Market’s static model for software development based on a transport problem with non-fixed time additions
Authors: Lesik Ilya
Published: June 2022

The authors describe the formulation of the market’s discrete-continuous static model for software development based on a transport problem with non-fixed time additions. In contrast to the existing transport problem with fixed cost surcharges, it is proposed to formulate a minimax setting in time with times that may contain a part that proportionate to the volumes of appointments. Thus, the authors come up with the idea of a hybrid formulation of transport problem with fixed cost surcharges and classical transport problem in time. Such problems arise when the total volume of vehicles which have to be used repeatedly on each route is limited, plus the fixed addition that arises taking into account the delay in making logistics decisions. It is shown that the set a discrete-continuous problem can be approximated from above by the classical transport problem in time, which can also be obtained according to the scheme used in the work by Balinski. The authors also describe an exact algorithm of the branch-and-bound method, based on the geometric interpretation of the problem, which decomposes into subproblems on non-empty faces of the polyhedral set of feasible solutions, which areconvex programming problems that can be numerically solved by the subgradient method described in work by Polyak. The calculation of the lower estimates of the criterion proposed in the work is reduced to the same problems. It is shown that the function of the best values of the criterion on the edges is not sub- or supermodular, as a function of a subset of pairs of indices corresponding to the positive values of the transportation volumes, which makes it impossible to use supermodular programming methods. In connection with the latter, the authors also describe the optimal polynomial version of the branch-and-bound method, obtained by analogy with the solution of the multidimensional assignment problem, and a numerical example of its use. The authors describe interpretation of transport problem with non-fixed additions as a generalized assignment problem with non-fixed price discounts, taking into account the difference between the wholesale and retail prices. The authors come up with the ideaof the application for building digital platforms in the software development market for loading tasks for performers.
The income approach to the problems of optimizing the repair policy
Authors: Smolyak Sergey
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the application of approaches and methods used in the valuation of assets to the problems of reliability theory – the assignment of service life and the timing of preventive repairs to degrading item that are subject to failures. In the works on reliability, changes in the characteristics of the item after repair are described by Kijima models and their modifications, in which the state of item is characterized by a virtual / effective age. A similar indicator has been widely used in appraisal activity since the middle of the last century. Meanwhile, it turns out that indicators of this type do not allow us to adequately describe the state of degraded repairable items. It is proposed to describe their condition by two indicators – the age (operating time) at the beginning of the current inter-repair cycle and the same in this cycle. In combination with Kijima's ideas, this allows us to offer a more adequate model of changing the item’s characteristics after repair. To assign service life and terms of preventive maintenance of items, a well-grounded criterion of optimality is required.It is shown that the usually accepted criterion of the minimum expected maintenance and repair costs per unit of time does not meet the interests of enterprises participating in the market. We propose to use the so-called income approach to valuation, focused on maximizing the market value of the enterprise (in the simplest case, this approach leads to the criterion of the expected discounted costs per unit of work performed by the item). This makes it possible to assess the market value of the work performed by the item necessary for calculations, and the corresponding assessment method can be attributed to the cost approach.We construct and analyze the corresponding mathematical models, provide an algorithm for solving them and a numerical example demonstrating the irrationality of commonly used repair policies.
Universal system of the production factors
Authors: Kleiner George
Published: June 2022

In this article, based on the new theory of economic systems, we propose a universal concept of the factors of economic activity, suitable for modeling economic systems of various scales, nature, and purpose. The concept described in the article indicates the objective genesis of a unified system of aggregated factors of production, particular cases of which are the classical theory of factors of production, marginal theory of factors, and intellectual theory of factors. The first case is characteristic of the industrial economy; the second is characteristic of the industrial and post-industrial economy; the third is characteristic of the knowledge economy and the intellectual economy. At the same time, we refine the concept of a factor of production and a system of factors, representing a set of independent processes that are generally necessary and sufficient for the implementation of production and have a similar aggregation level to a description of the results of economic activity. When developing a universal system of factors of production, we also modernize the concept of an economic phenomenon and the economic space-time that serves as a container for these phenomena. Thus, economic space-time is like the physical space-time, at each point of which the reserves of substance (in the economic space — goods) and energy (in the economic space — the ability to use space-time resources effectively) are concentrated. The possibilities of conjugation of the action of internal and external universal factors on the enterprise functioning are explored. An example of constructing a parametric production function based on a system of universal factors of production is given.
The economic modeling development. An econometric aspect
Authors: Skrypnik Dmitry
Published: June 2022

The experience of development of applied predominantly macroeconomic modeling is considered. A comparison is made of the so-called non-structural approach, which is not strictly substantiated by economic theory, with the structural approach, where such a justification is the basis. It is shown that the achievements of structural and non-structural modeling have largely contributed to the blurring of the clear line between these two approaches. An analysis of researches also allows us to conclude that the rapid development of non-structural modeling led to the emergence of effective modeling methods that demonstrate good predictive properties, often surpassing the quality of structural models. In addition, it is shown that the difficulties arising at a certain stage in the development of the non-structural approach were often eliminated within the framework of the same approach, but with the advent of new methods. The presence of a close connection between the structural and non-structural approaches and the need for a hybrid approach to modeling real economic systems and processes, – that is, an approach in which some behavioral mechanisms and their corresponding structural parameters are explicitly introduced into the model, while the remaining elements are identified on the basis of methods of non-structural approach.
Determination of parameters for the formation process of rare events in the economy for their subsequent forecasting
Authors: Korablev Yuri
Published: June 2022

The article presents a method for determining unknown parameters of the process that forms rare events in the economy.The idea behind the study of rare events in economy is to consider these events not just from a statistical point of view, but from the point of view of the processes that form these events, moreover, as well as a process can be an arbitrary algorithm. Such an event generation process will use parameters, which can be static or dynamic. For example, if we consider the consumption process, which forms discrete purchases of an uncontrolled customer, then such parameters can be the maximum stock and a dynamically changing consumption rate. In general, the process can be arbitrary and possess various parameters. The task is to determine these parameters of an unknown process obtaining only a sample of rare events. The idea of the method is to minimize the loss function, which is determined based on the differences between the events generated during the operation of the process and events from the initial sample of observations. Each event, in addition to the time of occurrence, is also characterized by additional information, for example, the purchase volume. We are trying to find out such parameters of such a process that would allow us to get a very similar sample of events. The dynamic parameters of the process are set in the form of cubic splines of a special structure. For an unambiguous determination of each dynamic parameter, a roughness penalty of the corresponding splines is introduced into the objective function. An example of a process and its structure of parameters to be determined is shown. Optimization is performed numerically, based on the Nelder–Mead algorithm, which runs on a grid to determine the global optimum. The process parameters are determined in steps, at the beginning just to get a few events, then the next events. That allows one large optimization task to be divided into a sequence of simple tasks, this significantly reduces the overall complexity. An assumption is described that must be fulfilled for such a technique to be valid. An example of determining unknown parameters is considered on the example of the consumption process. After determining the process parameters, one can proceed to extrapolation of parameters and forecast future events.
Predicting the trajectory of economic cycles
Authors: Karmalita Viacheslav
Published: June 2022

This paper deals with the development of a method for predicting the trajectory of a pseudo-stationary fragment of the economic cycle. The latter is represented by discrete values (readouts) of random oscillations of the income function. The statistical equivalence of these readouts and second-order autoregression (Yule series) led to the adaptation of the autoregressive model to the specified fragment of the cycle. It is proposed to use the adapted autoregressive model as a tool for predicting cycle values via the method of statistical tests (Monte-Carlo) by forming the most probable cycle trajectory. The procedure for the formation of the cycle trajectory is described in detail and its parameters have formal justifications. The content of the subsequent statistical analysis of the simulation results is illustrated by the example of determining the instant of the predicted peak value of the cycle. The presented method is applicable in macroeconomic and econometric problems, the solution to which requires knowledge of the predicted trajectory of the cycle under consideration.
A visão integral da pessoa no pensamento de Emmanuel Mounier e José Saramago
Authors: Alves Felipe Freitas de Araújo , Vecchio Alves Daniel
Published: June 2022

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de apresentar uma visão integral da pessoa necessária para uma vivência sadia da própria objetividade/subjetividade, tendo como base alguns preceitos de Emmanuel Mounier, somados, por sua vez, à questão da (ar)racionalidade em José Saramago. Tais abordagens serão iniciadas pela corporeidade que mostra o corpo como parte essencial da pessoa, ou seja, através dele ela exprime-se como tal e se expõe diante do mundo e dos outros. Porém, esta mesma pessoa está para além do corpo, da exterioridade, ela é interioridade e aí encontra a força que favorece o salto da própria realidade pessoal, isto é, favorece a dinâmica interior-exterior. Nesta dinâmica surge o grande dom da liberdade que, embora interior, se manifesta nos atos humanos. Para a elaboração deste estudo, foi utilizada uma metodologia de cunho exploratório bibliográfico levando em conta as principais obras dos autores. Concluímos, por fim, que as propostas de Mounier e Saramago acerca da liberdade se aproximam e apresentam pontos ainda extremamente necessários no mundo atual, pois saber que a liberdade não é pura objetividade, ou seja, que devemos vivê-la em vez de vê-la, e nem pura subjetividade, isto é, o mundo não se adéqua somente as minhas vontades, é saber que a experiência humana é vivida sob condições, o que nos ajuda a colocar ou manter os pés no chão. Somos livres à medida que fazemos os outros livres, eis o grande desafio!
Algumas contribuições de Merleau-Ponty à pedagogia
Authors: Manzi Ronaldo Filho
Published: June 2022

Este artigo busca apresentar e refletir sobre algumas contribuições que o filósofo Maurice Merleau-Ponty traz à pedagogia durante seus cursos sobre a psicologia infantil e a pedagogia realizados em Sorbonne entre os anos 1949 e 1952. Irá ser destacado como o filósofo insiste que é no entrecruzamento de saberes que somos forçados a pensar de outra forma. Assim, estudos sobre a psicanálise, a antropologia, o culturalismo, por exemplo, são, a seu ver, fundamentais para as reflexões pedagógicas. Essa forma de pensar renova nossa concepção sobre o mundo infantil, tal como a criança se relaciona com o mundo, com os outros e consigo. Para mostrarmos isso, iremos primeiramente apresentar algumas reflexões sobre a infância que influenciaram a própria experiência de pensamento do filósofo. Por fim, apresentaremos um dos cursos de Merleau-Ponty, “A criança vista pelo adulto”, em que se revela a originalidade do filósofo em trazer à tona saberes aparentemente distantes da reflexão pedagógica, mas que nos força a pensar.
A meditatio mortis montaigniana: de como filosofar é aprender a viver
Authors: De Santana Morador Natanailtom
Published: June 2022

Desde Platão, a morte tem sido um tema recorrente na história da filosofia e as escolas helenísticas (sobretudo o epicurismo e o estoicismo) fizeram dela uma reflexão diária, de onde advém não só o termo meditatio mortis, mas toda uma literatura, inclusive durante o medievo, que tem como centralidade o momento final da vida. Assim, no século XVI, período no qual se encontra o nosso autor, Michel de Montaigne, a meditação sobre a morte era um topos retórico, mas os Ensaios abordam o tema da morte não somente do ponto de vista literário, mas como uma meditação diária, como um exercício espiritual. Deste modo, o nosso artigo pretende sugerir que Montaigne, muito além de uma abordagem retórica, tenta recuperar o sentido mais originário que as escolas helenísticas davam à meditatio mortis, tomando-a como uma preparação para a própria vida, como uma atenção constante ao presente, diante de um cenário eminente de mortes, com as epidemias de peste negra e guerra civil.
Notas sobre o conceito de prazer em Epicuro
Authors: Zmijewski Marcos Adriano
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo examinar a noção de prazer (hedoné) enquanto télos da vida feliz (makários zén) em Epicuro. Compreendido como bem primeiro (agathòn prôton) e inerente ao ser humano, o prazer é apresentado como o princípio e o fim último (archê kai télos) da vida feliz. Com efeito, convém destacar que não são os prazeres do vulgo (os quais consistem no gozo imoderado dos sentidos) que Epicuro considera como télos da vida feliz, mas o prazer que é ausência de sofrimentos no corpo e na alma, o qual é nomeado por Epicuro de prazer catastemático (hedoné katastematiké) ou prazer estático/em repouso. São, neste sentido, duas as preocupações que orientam o presente trabalho: i) a de apresentar o prazer como télos da vida feliz; ii) a de expor o sentido estrito que o conceito de prazer assume na filosofia (especialmente na ética) epicurista, atentando-se para a distinção entre prazer em movimento e prazer em repouso. O presente estudo está pautado sobretudo em passagens da epístola a Meneceu, em algumas Máximas Principais e Sentenças Vaticanas, textos em que Epicuro expõe os fundamentos do seu hedonismo, bem como nos testemunhos de discípulos tardios, como Tito Lucrécio Caro, Diógenes Laércio e Diógenes de Enoanda.
Da experiência à mediação: uma transição mínima em Theodor Adorno
Authors: França Fabiano Leite
Published: June 2022

Em virtude da naturalização do protagonismo da concepção de experiência na interpretação da dialética de Theodor Adorno, esse artigo pretende elucidar algumas linhas de deslocamento da categoria de experiência para a categoria de mediação, a partir da apropriação crítica desta categoria  do pensamento de Hegel por Adorno; pois, uma vez que toda experiência é mediada, a mediação apresenta-se como condição para a efetivação da experiência e, por esta razão, a mediação se estabelece enquanto instância privilegiada no processo do conhecimento no âmbito da relação sujeito e objeto, haja vista que se define enquanto causa e condição para a organização da experiência. Fundamentalmente, a proposta é demonstrar que tanto a dialética hegeliana quanto a adorniana - não obstante suas idiossincrasias - têm na mediação seu aspecto motívico de determinação do subjetivo e do objetivo. Portanto, o conceito de mediação será apresentado como um componente transversal e de determinidade recíproca que, ao mesmo tempo que aproxima, distingue os aspectos relacionados, fazendo da dialética um procedimento, no âmbito do qual a mediação vem a ser condição e fundamento para o desenvolvimento e a determinação dos conceitos circunscritos em um dado contexto ou situação. Nesse sentido, a mediação despontará como o agente estruturador da experiência, fator que justificará sua prioridade em relação à experiência.
El papel de la confesión en el último Foucault
Authors: Fortanet Fernández Joaquín
Published: June 2022

El análisis de la confesión en la obra de Foucault a partir de la comparación entre Los anormales, Obrar mal, decir verdad y Las confesiones de la carne muestra uno de los desplazamientos más relevantes en la obra de Foucault que constituye buena parte de la esencia de lo que se ha llamado el último Foucault: la relación del sujeto y la verdad. Se intentará dar cuenta de ese giro, analizando la mirada al cristianismo primitivo del último Foucault y la relación de tal reflexión en el análisis de la hermenéutica de sí. Las últimas reflexiones sobre la confesión en Las confesiones de la carne permitirán mostrar el sentido de la indagación ética del último Foucault que reproduce el doble carácter crítico y ontológico de la anarqueología.
Mandelbaum: crítica ao antiessencialismo na arte e sua interpretação problemática da noção wittgensteiniana de semelhança de família
Authors: Gobatto Marco
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo aborda a crítica de Maurice Mandelbaum ao antiessencialismo na arte de orientação wittgensteiniana. Mandelbaum tece críticas posição comum de Paul Ziff, Morris Weitz e Willian Kennick segundo a qual a definição do conceito de arte não poder ser estabelecida em termos essencialistas. De acordo com Mandelbaum, a tese antiessencialista falha porque se pauta em propriedades observáveis para alegar que não há propriedade necessária e suficiente que percorre o conjunto de todas as obras de arte. Nesse sentido, a definição do conceito de arte poderia ser estabelecida mediante propriedades relacionais. O ataque de Mandelbaum se concentra na noção de semelhança de família desenvolvida por Ludwig Wittgenstein nas Investigações Filosóficas. Em sua interpretação da referida noção, Mandelbaum pressupõe que Wittgenstein estaria se referindo a propriedades diretamente exibidas. Todavia, o artigo defende que a crítica de Mandelbaum não se justifica pois ignora a distinção entre ver e ver como que o próprio Wittgenstein realiza na passagem XI de sua mencionada obra.
Rorty: uma utopia de primazia da literatura e da liberdade
Authors: Araújo de Sousa Vigevando , Marques Wilker de Carvalho
Published: June 2022

Richard Rorty (1931-2007) destacou-se como relevante pensador da vida política contemporânea, além de construir um arcabouço de ideias acerca da linguagem, da cultura, da liberdade e da solidariedade. Uma de suas bandeiras mais recorrentes foi a primazia da literatura em relação à filosofia e da liberdade em relação à verdade. Para os fins do presente artigo, partimos de trechos da entrevista de Rorty por Helmut Mayer e Wolfgang Ulrich, compilada no texto É bom persuadir, em Cuida da liberdade que a verdade cuidará de si mesma. Além desse texto, lançamos mão também de Filosofia e esperança social (de 1999), e, em especial, Educação como socialização e individualização (de 1989), texto em que o autor, afastando-se do entusiasmo pela filosofia tradicional e defendendo a adoção de uma filosofia edificante, defende a primazia da liberdade sobre a verdade assumindo, por conseguinte, uma postura marcantemente antidogmática, antiessencialista e antifundacionista.