bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Implementation of a Direct Observation Program in an Ambulatory Block Rotation
Authors: Smith Jeremy , Jacobs Elizabeth , Li Zhanhai , Vogelman Bennett , Zhao Yingqi , Feldstein David
Published: December 2016

Background 

Direct observation of clinical skills is a cornerstone of competency-based education and training. Ensuring direct observation in a consistent fashion has been a significant challenge for residency programs.

Objective 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel evaluation system, designed to achieve ongoing direct observation of residents, examine changes in resident observation practices, and understand faculty attitudes toward direct observation and the evaluation system.

Methods 

Internal medicine residents on an ambulatory block rotation participated in a new evaluation system, which replaced a single end-of-rotation summative evaluation with 9 formative evaluations based on direct observation. Faculty received training in direct observation and use of the forms, and residents were given responsibility to collect 9 observations per rotation. Faculty members contacted residents at the beginning and middle of the rotation to ensure completion of the observations. Residents and faculty also completed postrotation surveys to gauge the impact of the new system.

Results 

A total of 507 patient encounters were directly observed, and 52 of 57 (91%) residents completed all 9 observations. Residents reported considerably more direct observation than prior to the intervention, and most reported changes to their clinical skills based on faculty feedback. Faculty reported improvements in their attitudes, increased their use of direct observation, and preferred the new system to the old one.

Conclusions 

A novel evaluation system replacing summative evaluations with multiple formative evaluations based on direct observation was successful in achieving high rates of observations, and improving faculty attitudes toward direct observation.
Development of epididymis and vas deferens in Galea spixii: an ultrastructural view
Authors: Santos P. , Arroyo M. , Oliveira M. , Miglino M. , Assis Neto A.
Published: December 2016

The study aimed to characterize the ultrastructure of components of the sperm pathway in Galea spixii (Spix's yellow-toothed cavy) at different stages of sexual development. Segments of the epididymis and vas deferens of 10 Galea spixii were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Principal and basal cells with similar characteristics were seen in the epididymis and vas deferens. Both cell types are responsible for maturation of sperm as well as the ability to fertilize and reabsorption. The post natal morphological development of the epididymis and vas deferens was similar to testicular development of the species.
Could the Icelandic banking collapse of 2008 have been prevented? The role of economists prior to the crisis
Authors: McCombie John S.L. , Spreafico Marta R.M.
Published: December 2016

In 2008, the three main banks in Iceland collapsed. There is strong evidence that the banks would have become insolvent even without the subprime crisis. Yet there was a marked difference in opinion at the time about the viability of the Icelandic banks. A clean bill of health was given by the commissioned reports of Mishkin in 2007 and Portes in 2008, just prior to the collapse, whereas severe reservations about the Icelandic financial system were expressed by Wade, inter alios. These contrasting views were widely debated and may well have influenced both potential and actual foreign depositors in the banks. This paper analyses the disparate arguments put forward and contrasts it with the actual outcome. It considers the influence of economists in public policy debates and draws some methodological conclusions.
Organic aerosol source apportionment in London 2013 with ME-2: exploring the solution space with annual and seasonal analysis
Authors: Reyes-Villegas Ernesto , Green David C. , Priestman Max , Canonaco Francesco , Coe Hugh , Prévôt André S. H. , Allan James D.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The multilinear engine (ME-2) factorization tool is being widely used following the recent development of the Source Finder (SoFi) interface at the Paul Scherrer Institute. However, the success of this tool, when using the a value approach, largely depends on the inputs (i.e. target profiles) applied as well as the experience of the user. A strategy to explore the solution space is proposed, in which the solution that best describes the organic aerosol (OA) sources is determined according to the systematic application of predefined statistical tests. This includes trilinear regression, which proves to be a useful tool for comparing different ME-2 solutions. Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) measurements were carried out at the urban background site of North Kensington, London from March to December 2013, where for the first time the behaviour of OA sources and their possible environmental implications were studied using an ACSM. Five OA sources were identified: biomass burning OA (BBOA), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), cooking OA (COA), semivolatile oxygenated OA (SVOOA) and low-volatility oxygenated OA (LVOOA). ME-2 analysis of the seasonal data sets (spring, summer and autumn) showed a higher variability in the OA sources that was not detected in the combined March–December data set; this variability was explored with the triangle plots f44 : f43 f44 : f60, in which a high variation of SVOOA relative to LVOOA was observed in the f44 : f43 analysis. Hence, it was possible to conclude that, when performing source apportionment to long-term measurements, important information may be lost and this analysis should be done to short periods of time, such as seasonally. Further analysis on the atmospheric implications of these OA sources was carried out, identifying evidence of the possible contribution of heavy-duty diesel vehicles to air pollution during weekdays compared to those fuelled by petrol.
Comparing calculated microphysical properties of tropical convective clouds at cloud base with measurements during the ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaign
Authors: Braga Ramon Campos , Rosenfeld Daniel , Weigel Ralf , Jurkat Tina , Andreae Meinrat O. , Wendisch Manfred , Pöhlker Mira L. , Klimach Thomas , Pöschl Ulrich , Pöhlker Christopher , Voigt Christiane , Mahnke Christoph , Borrmann Stephan , Albrecht Rachel I. , Molleker Sergej , Vila Daniel A. , Machado Luiz A. T. , Artaxo Paulo
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Reliable aircraft measurements of cloud microphysical properties are essential for understanding liquid convective cloud formation. In September 2014, the properties of convective clouds were measured with a Cloud Combination Probe (CCP), a Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS-DPOL), and a cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) counter on board the HALO (High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft) aircraft during the ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaign over the Amazon region. An intercomparison of the cloud drop size distributions (DSDs) and the cloud water content derived from the different instruments generally shows good agreement within the instrumental uncertainties. The objective of this study is to validate several parameterizations for liquid cloud formation in tropical convection. To this end the directly measured cloud drop concentrations (Nd) near cloud base were compared with inferred values based on the measured cloud base updraft velocity (Wb) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) vs. supersaturation (S) spectra. The measurements of Nd at cloud base were also compared with drop concentrations (Na) derived on the basis of an adiabatic assumption and obtained from the vertical evolution of cloud drop effective radius (re) above cloud base. The results demonstrate agreement of the measured and theoretically expected values of Nd based on CCN, S, Wb at cloud base, and the height profile of re. The measurements of NCCN(S) and Wb did reproduce the observed Nd. Furthermore, the vertical evolution of re with height reproduced the observation-based nearly adiabatic cloud base drop concentrations, Na. Achieving such good agreement is possible only with accurate measurements of DSDs. This agreement supports the validity of the applied parameterizations for continental convective cloud evolution, which now can be used more confidently in simulations and satellite retrievals.
Stability of solar correction for calculating ionospheric trends
Authors: Laštovička Jan , Burešová Dalia , Kouba Daniel , Križan Peter
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Global climate change affects the whole atmosphere, including the thermosphere and ionosphere. Calculations of long-term trends in the ionosphere are critically dependent on solar activity (solar cycle) correction of ionospheric input data. The standard technique is to establish an experimental model via calculating the dependence of ionospheric parameter on solar activity from the whole analysed data set, subtract these model data from observed data and analyse the trend of residuals. However, if the solar activity dependence changes with time, the solar correction calculated from the whole data set may result in miscalculating the ionospheric trends. To test this, data from two European ionospheric stations – Juliusruh and Slough/Chilton – which provide long-term reliable data, have been used for the period 1975–2014. The main result of this study is the finding that the solar activity correction used in calculating ionospheric long-term trends need not be stable, as was assumed in all previous investigations of ionospheric trends. During the previous solar cycle 23 and the current solar cycle 24, the solar activity correction appears to be different from that for the previous period and the Sun seems to behave in a different way than throughout the whole previous era of ionospheric measurements. In future ionospheric trend investigations the non-stability of solar activity correction has to be very seriously taken into account, because it can substantially affect calculated long-term trends of ionospheric parameters.
Sensitivity, stability and future evolution of the world's
northernmost ice cap, Hans Tausen Iskappe (Greenland)
Authors: Zekollari Harry , Huybrechts Philippe , Noël Brice , van de Berg Willem Jan , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. In this study the dynamics and sensitivity to climatic forcing of Hans Tausen Iskappe (western Peary Land, Greenland) are investigated with a coupled ice flow – mass balance model. The surface mass balance is calculated from a Positive Degree-Day runoff/retention model, for which the input parameters are derived from field observations. The precipitation field is obtained from the Regional Climate Model RACMO2.3. For the ice flow a 3-D higher-order thermo-mechanical model is used, which is run at a 250 m resolution. A higher-order solution is needed to accurately represent the ice flow in the outlet glaciers. Compared to the Shallow-Ice Approximation this modifies the steady state ice cap volume by 6-8% and the area by 2–4 %. Under 1961–1990 climatic conditions a steady state ice cap is obtained that is overall similar in geometry to the present-day ice cap. Ice thickness, temperature and flow velocity in the interior agree well with observations. For the outlet glaciers a reasonable agreement with temperature and ice thickness measurements can be obtained with an additional heat source related to infiltrating meltwater. The simulations indicate that the SMB-elevation feedback has a major effect on the ice cap response time and stability. This causes the southern part of the ice cap to be extremely sensitive to a change in climatic conditions and leads to thresholds in the ice cap evolution. Under constant 2005–2014 climatic conditions the entire southern part of the ice cap cannot be sustained and the ice cap loses about 80 % of its present-day volume. The projected loss of surrounding permanent sea-ice and corresponding precipitation increase may attenuate the future mass loss, but will be insufficient to preserve the present-day ice cap for most scenarios. In a warmer and wetter climate the ice margin will retreat while the interior is projected to grow, leading to a steeper ice cap, in line with the present-day observed trends. For intermediate (+4 °C) and high warming scenarios (+8 °C) the ice cap is projected to disappear respectively around 2400 and 2200 A.D., almost irrespective of the projected precipitation regime and the simulated present-day geometry.
Adding Focused Life Skills Training to a Civic Engagement Program to Boost Life Skills Competencies in Youth
Authors: Brandt Brian , Klein Jan
Published: December 2016

This paper highlights the impacts of a revised curriculum which incorporated a strong life skills focus into an existing civic education curriculum (for 4-H youth). The revised curriculum resulted in actual youth gains in life skills competencies. The study also explored the effect of volunteer facilitators in the implementation of an added life skills training component. Despite some significant limitations to the internal and external validity of the study, preliminary indications were that adding explicit life skills training content does in fact lead to an increase in life skills competencies. This was clearer in cases where volunteer facilitators fully implemented the additional content versus implementing none or only part of the life skills training. The limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are outlined in the conclusion.
Where PYD Meets CBPR: A Photovoice Program for Latino Immigrant Youth
Authors: Andrade Elizabeth , Cubilla I. C. , Sojo-Lara G. , Cleary S. D. , Edberg M. C. , Simmons L. K.
Published: December 2016

Community engagement in identifying issues of collective concern to address health disparities is an approach that is central to conducting community-based participatory research. It is particularly important for youth to be engaged in dialogue around issues that affect their lives. Participation of this nature is understood, within a Positive Youth Development (PYD) approach, to be an element of primary prevention vis a vis health risks. Photovoice has been an increasingly used methodology to enable youth to identify and address issues relevant to their daily experiences. We implemented a six-week Photovoice project guided by a PYD approach with Latino immigrant youth (n=12) from Langley Park, MD. This article describes the experiences of facilitators in implementing the program, testing a new curriculum, and also presents results related to changes in PYD assets among participants. We also offer recommendations for future Photovoice programs with similar populations and aims.
Piovono argomenti nelle narrazioni di Italo Calvino e di Primo Levi. Note linguistiche
Authors: Dallabrida Sara
Published: December 2016

In questo contributo si descrivono i diversi impieghi metaforici dei verbi atmosferici piovere e grandinare in alcune narrazioni brevi di Italo Calvino e di Primo Levi. In particolare si analizzano le variazioni valenziali dei verbi, le estensioni semantiche dei soggetti in gioco e gli effetti pragmatico-comunicativi attivati dall’aumento della valenza basica dei verbi. L’analisi si chiude con alcune considerazioni di natura valenziale, semantica e pragmatica, relative all’uso metaforico dei nomi atmosferici pioggia e grandine.
Cromatismo, ritmo, memoria: sulla narrativa di Sergio Atzeni
Authors: Farci Carola
Published: December 2016

Le opere di Sergio Atzeni sono numerose e molto eterogenee, sia nello stile che nei contenuti. Ma se andiamo a scavare nel profondo, ci rendiamo conto che i filoni seguiti dall’autore sono sempre gli stessi, e che esiti testuali apparentemente distinti hanno in realtà importanti aspetti in comune.
El derecho al honor, intimidad y propia imagen y su choque con el derecho a la libertad de expresión y de información en el ordenamiento jurídico español.
Authors: Villanueva-Turnes Alejandro
Published: December 2016

El presente trabajo analiza dos preceptos de la Constitución española de 1978 referidos a distintos derechos fundamentales. Se ofrecerá una perspectiva superficial de cada uno de esos derechos para, posteriormente, observar los conflictos que se presentan entre estos, señalando los mecanismos que se dan para solucionarlos. Todo ello acompañado de jurisprudencia que habla sobre estas cuestiones.
Ethical Themes in Medieval Jewish Biblical Commentaries: An Opportunity in the University Classroom
Authors: Lawee Eric
Published: December 2016

The aim of this article is twofold: to open a window on ethical themes in medieval Jewish biblical commentaries and to illustrate how such works can catalyze explorations of issues in Jewish ethics in the university classroom. The article takes its inspiration from a course taught at Bar-Ilan University in Israel bearing the title “Medieval Jewish Biblical Interpretation: Past and Present.” In addition to its investigation of the medieval commentaries, the article exemplifies one pedagogical strategy employed in the course that sees these texts put in dialogue with a range of post-medieval literary and artistic expressions from Caravaggio to John Lennon and, especially, works of Israeli art, poetry, and song. Apart from adding interest and surprise, this strategy underscores the enduring nature of the issues addressed by the medieval commentators, which include fratricide, peace, pluralism, martyrdom, military ethics, altruism, supererogation, and love of one's fellow human being.
The Promise and Limits of Rabbi Simḥah Zissel Ziv's Musar: A Response to Miller, Cooper, Pugh, and Peters
Authors: Claussen Geoffrey D.
Published: December 2016

Responding to Christian Miller, this article considers the tensions found in Simḥah Zissel Ziv's view of the soul, how Simḥah Zissel sees human beings as inclining toward evil, and how he tends to recommend measures that are more demanding than those typically tested by psychological researchers. Responding to Andrea Dara Cooper, the article pays particular attention to Cooper's question regarding the tension between Simḥah Zissel's expansive view of fellowship and his lack of support for his family, and focuses on the constructions of gender that produce this tension. Responding to Jeffrey Pugh, it explores the clear limits to Simḥah Zissel's tolerance for criticism, questions, and disobedience. Responding to Rebecca Todd Peters, it considers various ways in which Simḥah Zissel's legacy has been appropriated, and gives particular attention to ways that his thought has been used to support critical thinking about structural injustices and social change.
Culture Impact on Perceptions of Communication Effectiveness
Authors: Graça Sandra S. , Barry James M.
Published: December 2016

Early research on relationship marketing highlights the role of communication in shaping trusted and committed business partnerships. Various studies validate communication as one of the strongest determinants of relationship commitment, loyalty, trust and satisfaction. But, few have studied the predictors of communication effectiveness, especially in a global context.  The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of cooperation, quality communication, conflict handling and two-way communication as predictors of communication effectiveness. The perception of their impact on increasing communication effectiveness is tested in the context of buyer-supplier relationship in one high-context/relationship-based country (Brazil) and one low-context/rule-based country (U.S.). Structural equation modeling is used to test the relationships in the model. Results suggest that suppliers focus more on fostering cooperation when dealing with buyers from low-context countries and on conflict avoidance when dealing with buyers of high-context countries. Across both contexts, results further indicate that buyers are universally influenced by the quality of communication exchanged with their buyers.
Do (Audit Firm and Key Audit Partner) Rotations Affect Value Relevance? Empirical Evidence from the Italian Context
Authors: Mechelli Alessandro , Cimini Riccardo
Published: December 2016

This research aims to investigate whether and to what extent investors place more weight on accounting amounts disclosed in annual reports issued by entities that experienced a rotation of the audit firm or of the key audit partner. Analysing a sample of 97 non-financial entities listed in the Milan stock exchange over the period 2006-2014, the paper provides evidence that rotations positively affect the value relevance of accounting amounts. In addition, the paper shows how the audit firm rotation and the key partner rotation act only in part as substitutes, as the former is more capable than the latter of positively affecting the value relevance of earnings and book value. These results provide a theoretical contribution to the literature and have significant implications for standard setters. The rotations, even though could determine a loss of client-specific knowledge, nonetheless improve the value relevance of accounting amounts. New rules that require the key partner rotation have a positive effect as long as they do not consider such rotation as an alternative to the rotation of the audit firm being the partner rotation less capable to affect the value relevance of accounting amounts than the key audit firm rotation.
Ideologia, divisão capitalista do trabalho e papel social do designer: um estudo sobre a produção de materialidade no design de moda
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Contino Joana Martins , Cipiniuk Alberto
Published: December 2016

Visando debater acerca da divisão social do trabalho e de como ela se manifesta no Campo do Design de Moda, além do papel social do designer de moda na cadeia produtiva, o presente artigo apresenta duas noções antagônicas que visam explicar importantes transformações ocorridas na sociedade industrial na segunda metade do século XX: “sociedade pós-industrial” do autor Daniel Bell, e “capitalismo tardio” de Ernst Mandel. Cada uma dessas teorias provém de distintos posicionamentos ideológicos e tem impacto no Campo do Design, tanto no que diz respeito à produção teórica quanto à formação e às práticas profissionais dos designers. Sendo assim, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, iniciamos o artigo com uma reflexão acerca da produção de materialidade e de imaterialidade no Design e, a seguir, confrontamos essas duas importantes correntes teóricas e as relacionamos a outras que entendemos ser decorrentes de uma delas – “fim do trabalho”, “design enquanto processo” – e a questões objetivas e concretas de um dos ramos do design em que a produção material e o enorme contingente de trabalhadores são inegáveis: o Campo da Moda. Entre essas questões estão a divisão social do trabalho e a propagação da noção mítica de criador individual, inclusive reproduzida pelo sistema de ensino.
Delimitação do usuário nas etapas de criação, modelagem e prototipagem do produto de vestuário
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Makara Elen , Marino Giselle Schmidt Alvez Díaz , Vergara Lizandra Garcia Lupi
Published: December 2016

Em virtude das reclamações de roupas que não vestem bem e incomodam, ou mesmo da dificuldade de adquirir uma roupa adequada para uma ocasião, à indústria de confecção de vestuário pode estar deixando de considerar o usuário no desenvolvimento de seus produtos. O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar se nas etapas de criação, modelagem e prototipagem de produtos do vestuário o usuário está sendo considerado, visto que para um projeto de design o correto é considerá-lo em todas as etapas do desenvolvimento. Para isto foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas com profissionais da área. Com os resultados obtidos foi possível perceber a dificuldade que os profissionais possuem em definir o público para a criação das peças. Também verificou-se que a maioria dos profissionais compreende a importância da tabela de medidas porém acabam ajustando-a de forma empírica, e para a realização dos testes de prototipagem, muitos escolhem modelos que não condizem com a realidade do público da empresa.
Beitrag zur Sauerstoffbestimmung im Stahl nach dem Wasserstoff‐Reduktionsverfahren
Authors: Czermak Erich , v. Keil‐Eichenthurn Othmar
Published: December 2016

Ausbau eines erweiterten Wasserstoff‐Reduktionsverfahrens. Notwendigkeit der Erfassung entstehender Reaktionsgase [CO2, CO], auch bei Gehalten unter 0,2 % 0. Einfluß der Kohlenstoff‐, Mangan‐ und Sauerstoffkonzentration auf den Reduktionsanteil des Wasserstoffes und Kohlenstoffes. Einfluß der Bindungsart des Sauerstoffes auf die Reduktionsanteile des Wasserstoffes und Kohlenstoffes.
Zur Theorie und Praxis der Stahlhärtung
Authors: Wever Franz
Published: December 2016

Die Umwandlungsgeschwindigkeit des Austenits in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Zusammensetzung als Grundlage für die Erklärung der Härtungs‐ und Anlaßgefüge. Wärmebehandlungsverfahren auf der Grundlage der Beständigkeit des Austenits bei Temperaturen oberhalb der Martensitumwandlung. Abkühlungsvorgang in Flüssigkeiten und Abkühlungsvermögen verschiedener Härtemittel.
Eisenerz‐Vorkommen in Minas Geraes (Brasilien)
Authors: Scheibe Ernst Albrecht
Published: December 2016

Geologie der Vorkommen. Allgemeine Angaben über die sogenannten Itabira‐Schichten und das Grundgebirge. Ausbildung der Eisenerzschichten im besonderen. Auftreten von Manganerzen, dolomitischen Kalken und Eruptivgesteinen. Eisenerzschichten und Goldbergbau. Entstehung und Rohstoff des Eisenerzes. Ausfuhrmöglichkeiten, Vorratsschätzungen und brasilianische Hüttenindustrie.
Korrosionsversuche an kaltgewalztem säurebeständigem Chrom‐Nickel‐Stahl
Authors: Schafmeister Paul , Gotta Andreas
Published: December 2016

Versuche an zwei nichtrostenden Stählen — davon einer mit 2,8 % Mo — in 13‐ und 61 prozentiger Schwefelsäure. Erörterung der Ergebnisse.
Geschwindigkeit von Umwandlungen im festen Stahl
Authors: Collins Bain Edgar
Published: December 2016

Einfluß von Mangan und Nickel auf die Geschwindigkeit des Zerfalls eutektoidischen Austenits bei gleichbleibenden Temperaturen. Zersetzungsgeschwindigkeit von Austenit und Martensit; Schluß daraus, daß Perlit unmittelbar aus Austenit entstehen kann. Geschwindigkeit der Austenitumwandlung bei Ausscheidung von voreutektoidischem Ferrit sowie bei Bildung von Karbid und anschließend von Graphit. Beobachtung eines Gleichgewichtes zwischen Ferrit, Karbid und Austenit bei Manganstählen in einem bestimmten Temperaturbereich. Geschwindigkeit der Diffusion von Kohlenstoff in Austenit und Ferrit.
Temperaturmessungen mit Wolfram‐Molybdän‐Thermoelementen
Authors: Osann jun Bernhard , Schröder Ernst
Published: December 2016

Mängel der bisher gebräuchlichen Temperaturmeßverfahren. Ueber thermoelektrische Messungen mit blanken Drähten. Eigenschaften von Wolfram‐Molybdän‐Thermoelementen. Messungen der Temperaturen im Stahlbad eines Siemens‐Martin‐Ofens mit Wolfram‐Molybdän‐Elementen. Ermittlung des Temperaturunterschiedes zwischen oberen und unteren Stahlschichten. Schutzrohrhaltbarkeit und Kosten der Messungen.
Beitrag zur thermischen Untersuchung der Kalk‐Kieselsäure‐Phosphate
Authors: Behrendt Gerhard , Wentrup Hanns
Published: December 2016

Beschreibung der Versuchseinrichtung, der Einrichtung zur Temperaturmessung sowie zur Aufzeichnung der Abkühlungskurven in Form von Differenzkurven. Herstellung der Schmelzgemische. Temperatureichung. Meßergebnisse mit Schlußfolgerungen.
Ermittlung der magnetischen Eigenschaften an kleinen Blechproben
Authors: Pfaffenberger Joachim
Published: December 2016

Vorzüge und Nachteile der Prüfung im Epstein‐Gerät. Magnetische Messungen an kleinen Ringproben. Das AEG‐Eisenblechprüfgerät. Vorteile der Verwendung kleiner Probenmengen für laufende Werkstoffprüfung und Forschungsarbeiten. Anwendungen.
Zugfestigkeit und Einschnürung von Stahlguß bei 650 bis 1450°
Authors: Piwowarsky Eugen , Božić Branko , Söhnchen Erich
Published: December 2016

Zerreißversuche bei 650 bis 1450° an Elektro‐, Bessemer‐, basischem und saurem Siemens‐Martin‐Stahlguß mit 0,2 bis 0,4 % C quer und in der Transkristallisationsrichtung. Versuch der Deutung der Ergebnisse.
Die Kennzeichnung des Beschäftigungsgrades
Authors: Rummel Kurt
Published: December 2016

Je nach der Eigenart der Betriebe ergibt sich verschiedene Kennzeichnung des Beschäftigungsgrades: Mengen‐, Zeiten‐ und Wertmaßstäbe; Zeitgrad und Lastgrad.
Der Einfluß des Grundwerkstoffes auf die Bildung von Fehlstellen bei der Lichtbogenschweißung
Authors: Leitner Franz
Published: December 2016

Prüfung der Schweißraupen durch Längsschnitte. Der Einfluß der Schweißgeschwindigkeit, der Blechstärke und der Legierungselemente Silizium, Mangan und Kohlenstoff auf die Porenbildung im Schweißgut.
Ermittlung von Eigenspannungen durch Messung von Bohrloch‐Verformungen
Authors: Mathar Josef
Published: December 2016

Ermittlung der Eigenspannungen in Bauteilen und Bauwerken durch Bohren eines Loches und Messung der dabei auftretenden Lochverformungen. Eichung des Meßgerätes zur Berechnung der Spannungen aus den festgestellten Verformungen. Ergebnisse von Spannungsmessungen an zwei Breitflanschträgern, einem I‐ und U‐Eisen. Erörterung über die Zuverlässigkeit des Prüfverfahrens.
Anpassung der Energiewirtschaft der Hüttenwerke an schlechte Beschäftigung: I. Grundlagen und Zusammenhänge
Authors: v. Sothen Berthold
Published: December 2016

Grundlagen der Stoff‐ und Energiewirtschaft: Erz‐ und Schrottmarkt; Steinkohlenbergbau; Ferngasversorgung; öffentliche Stromversorgung. Aenderung der Arbeitsverfahren; Verwendung anderer Brennstoffe. Aenderung der Beschäftigung: Belastung, zeitliche Ausnutzung; Aufstellung von Betriebsplänen. Grundsätzliches über Maßnahmen zur Anpassung: Budgetierung der Stoff‐, Energie‐ und Lohnwirtschaft.
Die Bestimmung der Feuchtigkeit in Koks
Authors: Holthaus Carl
Published: December 2016

Nachprüfung der verschiedenen Verfahren zur Bestimmung der hygroskopischen und der Gesamt‐Feuchtigkeit in Koks durch Gemeinschaftsarbeit mehrerer Laboratorien. Beschreibung der Arbeitsweisen und deren Bewertung auf Grund der Ergebnisse.
Die räumliche und zeitliche Entwicklung der Verbrennung in technischen Feuerungen
Authors: Rummel Kurt , Schwiedeßen Hellmuth
Published: December 2016

Unzulänglichkeit der Beurteilung eines Verbrennungsvorganges durch Aufnahme von Temperatur‐, Geschwindigkeits‐ und Analysenfeld. Zusammenfassung der CO2‐, O2‐, CO‐ und H2‐Felder zu einem Feld gleichen Brennstoffabbrandes (Isokalorenfeld). Das Integral der Belastung irgendeines Querschnitts mit Unverbranntem und seine Integrationsmöglichkeit. Der von den Flächen gleichen Abbrandes umschlossene Reaktionsraum. Reaktionsraum, mittlere bezogene Belastung (mittlere Verbrennungsgeschwindigkeit), Brennweg und Brennzeit als Funktion des Abbrandes. Praktische Beispiele.
Erfahrungen an Reglern
Authors: Neumann Gustav
Published: December 2016

Anwendung der Theorie der Regler auf einige praktische Beispiele.
Anwendung von Röntgen‐Feinbauuntersuchungen bei technischen Aufgaben
Authors: Wever Franz
Published: December 2016

Beiträge zur Frage der Eigenschaftsänderungen bei Zustandsänderungen: Zustandsschaubilder, Mischkristalle und intermetallische Verbindungen, Umwandlungen, Stahlhärtung. Beiträge zur Frage der Eigenschaftsänderungen bei der Kaltbearbeitung: Kristallitordnung, Gitterstörungen und deren Ausheilung bei Kaltbearbeitung und Rekristallisation, Eigenspannungen.
Die Wärmetönung der Austenit‐Martensit‐Umwandlung
Authors: Esser Hans , Bungardt Walter
Published: December 2016

Bestimmung des Wärmeinhalts von Silber, eines Manganstahles mit 20 % Mn sowie dreier unlegierter Stähle mit 0,5, 0,8 und 1,4 % C für den Temperaturbereich von 300 bis 900° in einem besonderen Wasserkalorimeter. Abhängigkeit des Restaustenitgehaltes der Stahlproben von Kohlenstoffgehalt und Abschrecktemperatur. Errechnung der spezifischen Wärme des γ‐Eisens zwischen 300 und 900° sowie der Wärmetönung der Austenit‐Martensit‐Umwandlung für 721°.
Wärmemeßtechnische Untersuchungen an einem Roheisenmischer
Authors: Kaspers Ludwig
Published: December 2016

Temperaturbild des Mischerinnenraumes und des Eisenbades. Temperaturbild an der Mischeroberfläche. Konvektions‐strömungen. Konvektions‐ und Strahlungsverluste durch die Außenwand. Wärmeflußmessungen. Folgerungen.
Formänderung und Spannungsverteilung in der Nähe der Streckgrenze bei Flußstahl
Authors: Yuasa Kameichi
Published: December 2016

Ergebnis von Verdrehungsversuchen an rohrförmigen Proben aus Stahl mit 0,14% C über den Verlauf der Formänderung und der Spannung im Fließbereich.
Entkohlung einiger legierter Stähle durch Wasserstoff
Authors: Baukloh Walter , Guthmann Helmut
Published: December 2016

Versuchsanordnung zur Entkohlung im Wasserstoffstrom bei 700 bis 1000°. Einfluß des Kohlenstoffgehaltes bei unlegierten Stählen, von Nickel, Chrom, Mangan, Silizium, Wolfram, Molybdän, Zinn, Kupfer und Vanadin auf die Entkohlungsgeschwindigkeit.
Korrosionsverhalten eines seewasserbeständigen, nichtmagnetisierbaren Chrom‐Nickel‐Molybdän‐Stahles hoher Festigkeit
Authors: Lennartz Gustav , Kiesheyer Heinrich
Published: December 2016

Ausgehend von den Stählen X 5 CrNiMo 17 13 und X 4 CrNiMoN 19 16, Entwicklung höher stickstofflegierter Chrom‐Nickel‐Molybdän‐Stähle zur Steigerung der Festigkeit ohne Beeinträchtigung der Beständigkeit gegen Korrosion. Beschreibung der mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Korrosionsbeständigkeit (Lochfraß, interkristalline Korrosion, Spannungsrißkorrosion) von niob/tantalstabilisierten Stählen mit rd. 0,03% C, 19 bis 23% Cr, 15,5 bis 17,5% Ni, 3% Mo und 0,3 bis 0,4% N.
Näherungsverfahren zur Darstellung der Wöhlerlinien
Authors: Buch Alfred
Published: December 2016

Unter Annahme eines linearen Zusammenhanges zwischen dem Spannungsausschlag oder dem Verhältnis Spannungsausschlag zu Zugfestigkeit und dem Logarithmus der Bruchlastspielzahl Ableitung der Wöhlerlinie mit einem bestimmten Streubereich aus zwei gewählten Punkten. Annahmen zur Darstellung der Zeitfestigkeit bei Zug‐Druck‐Wechsel‐ und Zugschwellbeanspruchung ungekerbter und gekerbter Proben. Abhängigkeit der Kerbwirkungszahl vom Spannungsausschlag. Einfluß der Formzahl auf den Knickpunkt der Wöhlerlinien. Vergleich der Zuverlässigkeit verschiedener Verfahren zur Abschätzung der Zeitfestigkeit.
Beyond frontiers: Ancient Rome and the Eurasian trade networks
Authors: Galli Marco
Published: December 2016

During the second half of the 19th century, the Roman Empire was already considered one of the key players inside the Eurasian networks. This research focuses on four relevant points. From a historiographical perspective, the reconstruction of the trading routes represented a central theme in the history of the relationship between the Roman Empire and the Far East. Imagining a plurality of itineraries and combinations of overland and sea routes, it is possible to reconstruct a complex reality in which the Eurasian networks during the Early Roman Empire developed. As far as economics is concerned, new documentation demonstrates the wide range and the extraordinary impact of the Eastern products on Roman markets. A final focus on the process of Chinese silk unravelling and reweaving provides an important clue on how complex and absolutely not mono-directional were the interactions and the exchanges in the Eurasian networks during the first centuries of the Roman Empire.
Posttraumatic Stress and Youth Violence Perpetration: a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aebi M. , Mohler-Kuo M. , Barra S. , Schnyder U. , Maier T. , Landolt M.A.
Published: December 2016

Background

Exposure to trauma was found to increase later violent behaviours in youth but the underlying psychopathological mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to test whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is related to violent behaviours and whether PTSD symptoms mediate the relationship between the number of trauma experiences and violent behaviours in adolescents.

Method

The present study is based on a nationally representative sample of 9th grade students with 3434 boys (mean age = 15.5 years) and 3194 girls (mean age = 15.5 years) in Switzerland. Lifetime exposure to traumatic events and current PTSD were assessed by the use of the University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (UCLA-RI). Logistic regression was used to assess associations between PTSD and violent behaviours, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the meditation effects of PTSD.

Results

PTSD (boys: OR = 7.9; girls: OR = 5.5) was strongly related to violent behaviours. PTSD symptoms partially mediated the association between trauma exposure and violent behaviours in boys but not in girls. PTSD symptoms of dysphoric arousal were positively related to violent behaviours in both genders. Anxious arousal symptoms were negatively related to violent behaviours in boys but not in girls.

Conclusions

In addition to trauma, posttraumatic stress is related to violent outcomes. However, specific symptom clusters of PTSD seem differently related to violent behaviours and they do not fully explain a trauma-violence link. Specific interventions to improve emotion regulation skills may be useful particularly in boys with elevated PTSD dysphoric arousal in order to break up the cycle of violence.
Self-Reported Problem Behavior in Young Children With and Without a Dsm-Disorder in the General Population
Authors: Ringoot A.P. , Jansen P.W. , Rijlaarsdam J. , So P. , Jaddoe V.W.V. , Verhulst F.C. , Tiemeier H.
Published: December 2016

Background

Problem behavior of young children is generally not assessed with structured child interviews. This paper examined how information about problem behavior, obtained by structured interviews with six-year-old children, relates to DSM-disorders obtained from parents and to treatment referral.

Methods

In a population-based cohort, caregivers of 1084 young children (mean age 6.7 years) were interviewed with the DSM-based Diagnostic Interview Schedule-Young Child version (DISC-YC), and they scored the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Children themselves were interviewed about problem behavior using the semi-structured Berkeley Puppet Interview (BPI). Information regarding treatment referral to mental health services was obtained by parent-reported questionnaire when children were on average eight years old.

Results

DSM-disorders and CBCL problems in the clinical range were cross-sectionally associated with higher levels of child self-reported problems. Associations were strongest in the externalizing domain (e.g. DISC-YC externalizing disorders with BPI externalizing scores: F(1, 416) = 19.39, P < 0.001; DISC-YC internalizing disorders with BPI internalizing scores: F(1, 312) = 3.75, P = 0.054). Moreover, higher BPI internalizing and externalizing problem scores predicted treatment referral two years later.

Conclusions

We conclude that systematically interviewing preschool and young elementary school-aged children should be an integral part of child assessment. This approach may contribute to a better understanding of child development and may predict future problems.
Static and dynamic visual vertical perception in subjects with migraine and vestibular migraine
Authors: Miller Mark A. , Crane Benjamin T.
Published: December 2016

Objective

To measure the static visual vertical and the effect of visual rotation on the perception of visual vertical in migraine and vestibular migraine subjects. By so doing, we may better understand the vestibular contribution to the pathophysiology of migraine, as well as the capacity for visual compensation.

Methods

The perception of visual vertical in the presence of static and dynamic visual cues was prospectively studied in 10 subjects with migraine, 6 subjects with vestibular migraines, and 10 controls. Subjects used a dial to rotate a fluorescent green line to the vertical position. Static visual vertical (SVV) was measured with a black background, as well as with a static random‐dot visual pattern. This pattern was then rotated at various velocities to measure dynamic visual vertical (DVV).

Results

Migraine subjects had greater deviation from true vertical than controls in SVV (P < 0.05). The DVV in migraine subjects was greater than controls when rotated in the counterclockwise at −5°/s (P < 0.01), −20°/s (P < 0.01), and −80°/s (P < 0.01), but not when the line was rotated clockwise. Vestibular migraine subjects did not deviate significantly from controls in SVV (P < 0.37, P < 0.22), but did show greater deviation in the DVV tasks at −80 and −20°/s (P < 0.05, P < 0.03). Migraine and vestibular migraine subjects demonstrated a wider range of vertical deviance when compared to controls (P < 0.02).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a significant deviation of the perceived static as well as dynamic visual vertical in migraine subjects. Moving stimuli may have a greater influence on migraine and vestibular migraine subjects, which suggests an underlying sensory integration disorder.
Integrating media clusters and value networks: Insights for management theory and research from a case study of Mediapolis in Finland
Authors: Virta Sari , Lowe Gregory Ferrell
Published: December 2016

We argue that there is scholarly potential in linking theory on industry clusters with theory on value networks. To date, these two theoretical streams have developed largely in parallel, limiting understanding of how the two are integrated in practice. By considering these theories in combination and the unique context of creative industries, we generate insight on the management of clusters as value networks. Our ongoing longitudinal empirical case is a new media cluster called ‘Mediapolis’ in the city of Tampere, Finland. The case study commenced at the time the cluster was in the planning and early operational stage. Results demonstrate the usefulness of linking the two theories, and support a future research agenda examining the types of cluster configurations meeting the criteria of value networks, and the conditions under which value network cluster configurations are more sustainable than simply a spatial agglomeration of clusters.
Buyers versus Sellers: Who Initiates Trades, and When?
Authors: Chordia Tarun , Goyal Amit , Jegadeesh Narasimhan
Published: December 2016

Models that examine investors’ motivations to trade often make opposite predictions about the relation between trading decisions and past returns. We find that, in the aggregate, both buyer- and seller-initiated trades increase with past returns. The difference between buyer- and seller-initiated trades is negatively related to short horizon returns but positively related to returns over longer horizons. Tax-loss-related seller-initiated trades in December and January are accompanied by increased buyer-initiated trades. Past returns significantly affect trading decisions, and these findings are consistent with a number of different models of trading behavior.
Shareholder Composition and Managerial Compensation
Authors: Shinozaki Shinya , Moriyasu Hiroshi , Uchida Konari
Published: December 2016

Stock options are used only sparingly in Japan. Japanese firms are more likely to adopt new stock option plans when they are more (less) owned by arms-length investors (stable and controlling shareholders). Those firms have significantly more independent boards and pay higher dividends surrounding the adoption year than their industry peers. These results suggest that firms adopting stock options endeavor to meet demands for good governance practice from arms-length shareholders and to follow good governance practices in other dimensions. The coexistence of arms-length, stable, and controlling shareholders generates a situation in which stock options are not widely used in Japan.
Infant-directed speech (IDS) vowel clarity and child language outcomes
Authors: HARTMAN KELLY M. , RATNER NAN BERNSTEIN , NEWMAN ROCHELLE S.
Published: December 2016

There have been many studies examining the differences between infant-directed speech (IDS) and adult-directed speech (ADS). However, investigations asking whether mothers clarify vowel articulation in IDS have reached equivocal findings. Moreover, it is unclear whether maternal speech clarification has any effect on a child's developing language skills. This study examined vowel clarification in mothers’ IDS at 0;10–11, 1;6, and 2;0, as compared to their vowel production in ADS. Relationships between vowel space, vowel duration, and vowel variability and child language outcomes at two years were also explored. Results show that vowel space and vowel duration tended to be greater in IDS than in ADS, and that one measure of vowel clarity, a mother's vowel space at 1;6, was significantly related to receptive as well as expressive child language outcomes at two years of age.
Le rôle joué par les fibres afférentes métabosensibles dans les mécanismes adaptatifs neuromusculaires
Authors: Decherchi Patrick , Dousset Erick
Published: December 2016

Les adaptations de l'organisme à l'exercice sont permises par l'ajustement de l'activité des neurones centraux qui est en partie régulée par l'activité des afférences I et II (mécanosensibles), par la mise en jeu des afférences III et IV (métabosensibles) et par les modifications du métabolisme musculaire au cours de l'exercice. Le rôle des afférences métabosensibles apparaît comme fondamental dans les mécanismes adaptatifs à l'exercice et dans la tolérance à la fatigue. Néanmoins, de nombreuses interrogations demeurent. Cette revue fait le bilan des connaissances concernant l'implication de ces afférences dans les boucles de rétrocontrôle sensori-motrices et les mécanismes d'adaptation neuromusculaire. Il semble désormais établi que l'activation des afférences métabosensibles soit à l'origine de l'adaptation cardiovasculaire et respiratoire à l'exercice. De plus, ces afférences seraient à l'origine d'un mécanisme de protection du muscle contre la fatigue en modulant la commande motrice centrale au niveau spinal et supraspinal.
Prophylactic Anticonvulsants in Patients with Brain Tumour
Authors: Forsyth Peter A. , Weaver Susan , Fulton Dorcas , Brasher Penelope M.A. , Sutherland Garnette , Stewart Doug , Hagen Neil A. , Barnes Penny , Cairncross J. Greg , DeAngelis Lisa M.
Published: December 2016

Objective:

We conducted a clinical trial to determine if prophylactic anticonvulsants in brain tumour patients (without prior seizures) reduced seizure frequency. We stopped accrual at 100 patients on the basis of the interim analysis.

Methods:

One hundred newly diagnosed brain tumour patients received anticonvulsants (AC Group) or not (No AC Group) in this prospective randomized unblinded study. Sixty patients had metastatic, and 40 had primary brain tumours. Forty-six (46%) patients were randomized to the AC Group and 54 (54%) to the No AC Group. Median follow-up was 5.44 months (range 0.13 -30.1 months).

Results:

Seizures occurred in 26 (26%) patients, eleven in the AC Group and 15 in the No AC Group. Seizure-free survivals were not different; at three months 87% of the AC Group and 90% of the No AC Group were seizure-free (log rank test, p=0.98). Seventy patients died (unrelated to seizures) and survival rates were equivalent in both groups (median survival = 6.8 months versus 5.6 months, respectively; log rank test, p=0.50). We then terminated accrual at 100 patients because seizure and survival rates were much lower than expected; we would need ≥ 900 patients to have a suitably powered study.

Conclusions:

These data should be used by individuals contemplating a clinical trial to determine if prophylactic anticonvulsants are effective in subsets of brain tumour patients (e.g. only anaplastic astrocytomas). When taken together with the results of a similar randomized trial, prophylactic anticonvulsants are unlikely to be effective or useful in brain tumour patients who have not had a seizure.