bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Association Between the Severity of Temporomandibular Disorders and Quality of Sleep in a Selected Iranian Population
Authors: Zamani Aisa , Haghnegahdar Abdolaziz , Vossoughi Mehrdad
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD), as a prevalent condition, has been reported to be related to changes in sleep quality. This study aims to assess the association between TMD severities and sleep quality in a selected Iranian population by the application of the Helkimo index and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire.
Materials and Methods: This study comprised 50 non-TMD subjects and 150 TMD patients, which were equally selected from each TMD severity category. The study was conducted at the School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. The patients were first examined and categorized into four TMD severity groups according to the Helkimo index: Non-TMD, mild, moderate, and severe. Then, the patients completed the PSQI questionnaire, which was a standard version translated into Persian and adjusted for Iranian patients.
Results: Comparison of mean PSQI scores of the four groups revealed a significant difference (P<0.001). Pairwise comparisons showed that the severe, moderate, and mild TMD groups and the control received the highest to the lowest PSQI scores (12.26±2.35, 8.20±1.92, 6.88±1.89, and 5.28±1.32, respectively). Similarly, regression analysis indicated that by controlling the effect of demographic variables, the mean PSQI significantly increased as TMD severity increased.
Conclusion: According to the results, all three categories of mild, moderate, and severe TMD patients showed poor quality of sleep in comparison with non-TMD controls. The higher the severity of the disease, the lower the sleep quality.
A 7-Year Follow-Up of a Fractured Endodontically Treated Incisor Restored with a One-Piece Post and Core Laminate Veneer
Authors: Kermanshah Hamid , Valizadeh Sara V
Published: October 2019

To achieve natural-appearing aesthetic results and for the conservation of tooth structure, it is important for practitioners to be aware of technological advances in materials science as well as the proper use of aesthetic dental techniques. This clinical report describes the restoration of a left maxillary lateral incisor using a one-piece post and core laminate veneer. This proposed restoration technique represents an alternative to traditional restoration procedures, such as metal-ceramic restorations, all-ceramic crowns, and conventional porcelain laminate veneers. It also conserves the remaining tooth structure, reestablishes function, and offers satisfactory aesthetics with the use of adhesive bonding techniques.
A diferenciação de preços entre homens e mulheres em estabelecimentos comerciais: diálogo entre a livre iniciativa e a proteção do direito fundamental à igualdade de tratamento entre homens e mulheres
Authors: Oliveira Junior Francisco Dias de , Holanda Fabio Campelo Conrado de
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a legalidade da diferenciação de preços entre homens e mulheres nas entradas de estabelecimentos comerciais ligados ao setor de lazer e entretenimento. Para isso serão observadas as diretrizes do princípio da livre iniciativa em face da intervenção estatal nas relações privadas, traçando um paralelo entre as duas. Em seguida far-se-á uma análise sobre a antidiscriminação e seus principais aspectos para com a figura da mulher. O estudo utiliza como suporte metodológico a Nota Técnica emitida pela Secretaria do Direito do Consumidor do Ministério da Justiça nº 2/2017 que emitiu parecer declarando a ilegalidade da prática e estabeleceu medidas punitivas para os estabelecimentos que permanecessem com a prática da diferenciação de preços. Por fim, buscar-se-á compreender se este costume é contrário aos preceitos do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, explorando as principais vertentes que se desenrolaram após a emissão da nota, dentre eles o conflito entre os princípios constitucionais da livre iniciativa e da igualdade.
DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO, DEMOCRACIA E CRÍTICAS AOS FUNDAMENTOS IDEOLÓGICO-ESTRUTURAIS DO CAPITALISMO: UMA ANÁLISE ATRAVÉS DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS E DA HIPÓTESE COMUNISTA DE ALAIN BADIOU
Authors: Matsushita Thiago Lopes , Cavalcanti Rodrigo de Camargo
Published: October 2019

Através de uma metodologia dedutiva, o presente artigo analisa os fundamentos ideológico-estruturais do capitalismo em relação à democracia e aos direitos humanos. Para isso, estuda-se o capitalismo e a democracia em cotejo com os direitos humanos sobre o enfoque da teoria de Thomas Piketty. Em seguida, aborda-se o vínculo dos direitos humanos com a “hipótese comunista” de Alain Badiou, com subcapítulos. Posteriormente, faz-se análise de crítica de Badiou aos direitos humanos, para, por fim, concluir-se pela necessidade de fomentar rupturas no sistema capitalista que conduzam a uma promoção dos direitos humanos ao alcance da dignidade da pessoa humana a todos.
THE ROLE OF THE POLISH GOVERNMENT IN EXECUTION OF THE JUDGEMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Grzelak Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

The specificity of the Strasbourg judgments is versatile and concerns many different areas of social life that it is not possible to effectively adapt legal norms and apply their interpretation by one entity of public authority. It can be said with full conviction that the execution of judgments is a continuous process and will last as long as the European Court of Human Rights is functioning; surely it will not end with the completion of the most difficult cases. It is important for the national system for the protection of human rights to be very efficient in the context of the protection of human rights. If, however, there is a violation of the norms of international agreements, Poland must be effective in meeting obligations such as the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. There are two aspects involved in fulfilling obligations under international law arising from the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The first one is the introduction of appropriate standards of respect for the rights and freedoms enshrined in the treaty, and the second one is the obligation to enforce judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of a stated infringement of the Convention. Both obligations must be carried out simultaneously by the state – which, as a party to the Convention, respects its provisions and fulfills the required international legal obligations. The subject of this paper is to present the powers and legitimacy of the body of the executive in Poland in connection with the execution of the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights.
Finding Refuge in King Lear: From Brexit to Shakespeare’s European Value
Authors: O’Neill Stephen
Published: October 2019

This article considers how Shakespeare’s King Lear has become a Brexit play across a range of discourses and media, from theatre productions and journalism to social media. With its themes of division and disbursement, of cliff edges and tragic self-immolation, Lear is the Shakespearean play that has been turned to as metaphor and analogy for the UK’s decision following the 23 June 2016 referendum to leave the European Union. Reading this presentist application of Shakespeare, the article attends to Shakespeare as itself a discourse through which cultural ideas, both real and imaginary, about Brexit and the EU are negotiated. It asks how can we might remap Lear in this present context―what other meanings and histories are to be derived from the play, especially in Lear’s exile and search for refuge, or in Cordelia’s departure for and return from France? Moving from a consideration of a Brexit Lear to an archipelagic and even European Lear, this article argues that Shakespeare is simultaneously a site of supranational connections and of a desire for values of empathy and refuge that reverberate with debates about migration in Europe.
“Making Things Look Disconcertingly Different”: In Conversation with Declan Donnellan
Authors: Fayard Nicole
Published: October 2019

In this interview acclaimed director Declan Donnellan, co-founder of the company Cheek by Jowl, discusses his experience of performing Shakespeare in Europe and the attendant themes of cultural difference, language and translation. Donnellan evokes his company’s commitment to connecting with audiences globally. He keeps returning to Shakespeare, as his theatre enables the sharing of our common humanity. It allows a flesh-and-blood carnal interchange between the actors and the audience which directly affects individuals. This interchange has significant consequences in terms of translation and direction.
Abstract Book for the VI ENPACOM
Authors: Barbieri Fabio
Published: October 2019

VI ENPACOM
Utilidad de la antropometría facial en la selección de tallas de respiradores: Estudio piloto en trabajadores peruanos de construcción civil
Authors: Calderón-Alegre Pierina , Mejía Christian R. , Gomero-Cuadra Raúl
Published: October 2019

Las dimensiones antropométricas faciales son usadas para predecir la talla del respirador de trabajadores expuestos a agentes químicos inhalatorios; sin embargo, la característica multirracial de la población peruana no ha sido evaluada respecto a las tallas de los respiradores en el mercado. Objetivo: Determinar si el uso de las dimensiones antropométricas faciales es útil para determinar la talla de los respiradores de media cara, en un grupo de trabajadores peruanos de construcción civil. Material y métodos: Estudio piloto, transversal, analítico, realizado en 117 trabajadores en quienes se utilizó la longitud de la cara y la anchura de la boca, para determinar la talla del respirador de media cara de tres marcas y su verificación con pruebas de ajuste. Se consideró los parámetros faciales porque son puntos sensibles de fuga de aire para las pruebas de ajuste. Resultados: La media de la longitud de la cara en 12,2 ± 0,6 cm y la media del ancho de la boca fue de 5,3 ± 0,6 cm. Luego se hacer las pruebas de ajuste, se observó que pasó satisfactoriamente la marca A, mientras que en las marcas B y C se obtuvo dificultad para el ajuste en varias variables. Conclusión: Las dimensiones antropométricas faciales pueden ser usadas para la selección de la talla del respirador, sin embargo, deberá considerarse la marca del respirador.
Effect of aqueous extract of olive leaves on some biochemical changes induced by carbon tetrachloride in male rats
Authors: Ashour Saleh E. , Mohamed Naglaa E.
Published: October 2019

Olive tree leaves have been widely used in traditional remedies in European and Mediterranean countries and in the human diet as extracts, herbal teas, and powder, which contain several potential bioactive compounds that may have antihypertensive, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. The present study was carried out to evaluate the role of olive leaves extracts (OLE) in ameliorating the metabolic changes in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Forty-eight male rats were classified into six groups; the first group was the control which received 1 ml distilled water, the second group was treated daily with oral dose of cold OLE (1 ml/kg) for one month, the third group was treated daily with oral dose of boiled OLE (1 ml/kg) for one month, the fourth group was treated daily with oral dose of CCl4 (1 ml/kg) for one month, the fifth group was treated with both cold OLE and CCl4 (1 ml/kg for each) for one month and the sixth group was treated with both boiled OLE and CCl4 (1 ml/kg for each) for one month. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, creatinine, insulin and glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), albumin, total protein, free triiodothyronine (FT3) , free thyroxin (FT4) were measured in serum.  Histological examination of hepatic tissue was examined. The results showed that administration of CCl4 to rats induced significant increase (P<0.05) in serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma- glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, creatinine, insulin and significant decrease (P<0.05) in glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), albumin, total protein, free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxin (FT4). The histological examination of hepatic tissue showed some degenerative changes while significant improvement in biochemical and histological changes was observed either in CCl4 + cold OLE or CCl4 + boiled OLE groups. It could be concluded that the protective effect of olive leaves extract either cold or boiling may be attributed to its antioxidant properties. The obtained results indicated that both cold and boiled olive leaves extract has potent effect to restore the antioxidant status, hepato-renal function, insulin and thyroid hormones near to the control levels.
Penerapan Metode Simpang Tegar untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru dalam Penulisan PTK dan Artikel Ilmiah
Authors: Widana I Wayan , Suarta I Made , Citrawan I Wayan
Published: October 2019

The ability of SMAN 1 Selemadeg and SMAN 1 Kerambitan, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province teachers, in writing Classrom Action Research (CAR) reports and articles is very low. This problem has an impact on the delay of the promotion of teachers for many years, because one of the requirements is not fulfilled in the element of scientific papers. Community service aims to improve the ability of teachers in writing CAR and articles. To achieve these objectives, the Simpang Tegar method is implemented. Data on teacher understanding of the basic concepts of CAR and articles were collected using the test method. While the data on the skills of teachers writing CAR and articles are collected using observation and check-list of tasks given during mentoring. The results obtained are as follows: (1) teacher's understanding of the basic concepts of CAR and scientific articles increased from an average of 57.34 during the pre-test to 73.93 during the post-test; (2) teacher's skills of writing CAR  reports and articles increased from an average of 45.41 before mentoring, to 68.58 after mentoring
Pelatihan Dokter Kecil Sebagai Upaya Mengembangkan Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah di Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Aliviameita Andika , Purwanti Yanik , Wisaksono Arief
Published: October 2019

The introduction of a healthy way of life must be done early, and can be started from family and school life. Health care for school-age children can be done through Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS). The UKS program can be used for coaching in the health sector that requires training of little doctors. The purpose of this activity is to provide training on basic medical materials to improve healthy and healthy living skills, the health status of students, and create a healthy environment so as to increase optimal growth and development. Obtained from the results of this training a positive influence on improving the ability of little doctors. Providing little doctor training provides learning that results in changes from the beginning. This activity involved 42 little doctors from two elementary schools in Sidoarjo. The level of understanding was good, the little doctors rose from (10 students) 23,8% to 69,1% (29 students), quite good understanding from 47,6% (20 students) to 21,4% (9 students), and of the 28,6% (12 students) it dropped to 9,5% (4 students) after receiving a small doctor training.
The effects of food simulating liquids on surface roughness, hardness, and solubility of bulk fill composites
Authors: Cabadağ Özge Gizem , GÖNÜLOL NİHAN
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of food simulating liquids (FSLs) on the surface roughness, surface hardness and solubility of bulk fill composites.
Methods: Two-hundred samples were prepared from four high viscosity bulk fill composites (SonicFill TM , Tetric® EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Beautifil-Bulk Restorative, Filtek TM Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative) and a microhybrid composite (Filtek TM Z250). After the initial weights of the samples were recorded (m 1 ), surface roughness measurements were evaluated with a profilometer. The samples were stored in 4 different FSLs for 7 days, then the second surface roughness values were recorded. Then the samples were stored in a desiccator to reach the constant mass and the values were recorded as m 2 . The solubility levels were calculated according to the ISO 4049: 2009 specification. The surface hardness values of the samples were determined by using the Vickers microhardness measuring device. Twenty specimens from each group were evaluated in terms of surface morphology with scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Results: Beautifil Bulk Restorative was the most affected group in terms of surface roughness after storage in FSLs and citric acid caused the highest values in this group (p<0,005). Beautifil Bulk Restorative and Filtek Z250 groups showed the highest surface hardness values, while the Tetric EvoCeram group had the lowest. The highest solubility values were detected in Beautifil Bulk Restorative group, and citric acid and ethanol caused the highest solubility values on all the tested composites.
Conclusions: Beautifil Bulk Restorative group showed the highest surface roughness and solubility values among the tested groups, while the same group showed the highest surface hardness.
Key Words: Bulk fill composites, food simulating liquids, solubility, surface hardness, surface roughness.
Safety and efficacy of different administration order on paradoxical reactions following midazolam in children: a randomised, controlled trial
Authors: zhu change , Zhang Saiji , Wei Rong
Published: October 2019

Study Objective Midazolam is commonly used for Anesthesia induction. However, the paradoxical reactions increase risk of self-injury and bring pressure on anesthesiologist. Although various drugs have been showed effective, but the potential adverse effects limit the application. We compared safety and efficacy of different administration order on the occurrence of paradoxical reactions in children.Design Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study.Setting Operating room of a university-affiliated hospital.Patients 1306 ASA physical status I pediatric patients, aged 6 months to 12 years, scheduled for general anesthesia.Interventions Patients were divided into three groups. In the fentanyl group, patients were given fentanyl followed by midazolam at induction; In the midazolam group patients received midazolam followed by fentanyl at induction; In the blank group, patients were given saline followed by fentanyl at induction. Propofol was administrated 2.5 mg/kg intravenously (IV).Measurements Onset of paradoxical reactions and BIS values were observed and recorded.Main Results Preferentially and slowly injecting fentanyl could decrease the incidence of paradoxical reaction (p<0.05). Children displaying paradoxical reactions were mostly aged 8 months-2 years old (p = 0.001). Bispectralindex values increased significantly when paradoxical reactions burst out (p< 0.05). There were no significant differences in terms of side-effects.Conclusion Changing the administration order was safe and effective to decrease the incidence of paradoxical reactions.
Potent antibacterial activity of Dihydydropyrimidine-1,3,5-triazines via inhibition of DNA gyrase and antifungal activity with favourable metabolic profile
Authors: Masih Anup , Shrivastava Jitendra Kumar , Bhat Hans Raj , Singh Udaya Pratap
Published: October 2019

The compounds were tested against panel of three Gram-positive, viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and three Gram-negative bacterial strains viz. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris for determination of their antibacterial efficacy using cefixime as a standard drug. The antibiofilm activities of the compounds were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. The most potent compounds 7l amd 7m found bacteriostatic in time kill assay via inhibition of DNA Gyrase enzyme. The metabolic liability of compound 7m was determined using RS-Predictor and MetaPrint 2D React. The antifungal activity against human fungal pathogens was also estimated, where these compounds showed considerable activity in comparison to standard. The in vivo antibacterial activity of compound 7m was also determined using S. aureus induced murine infection model.
Efficacy of continuous ascorbate infusion on lymphopenia and neutrophil counts in the supportive care of cancer patients
Authors: Mikirova Nina
Published: October 2019

Abnormal blood counts and, in particular, lymphopenia commonly occur in cancer patients and predict poor prognosis. In this study data from a previous Phase 1 clinical trial of continuous vitamin C infusions were analyzed. The trends in the absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC), absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were evaluated. In addition, pharmacokinetic data on IVC in patients who were treated by continuous infusion were determined for different dosages.

During continuous infusion treatment, data for all patients, who completed 6-8 weeks of the treatment, demonstrated improvement of lymphocyte counts in patients with lymphopenia. On average the percentage of improvement in ALC was 22% for ALC <1300 /µl and 69% for ALC <1000 cells/µl. Our data also indicate that lower doses (less than 20 g/70 kg) were more favorable for the improvement of ALC. In addition, the data suggest a normalizing effect of continuous infusions of ANC levels and changes in NLR. In summary, the present analysis demonstrated the normalizing effect of continuous IVC on lymphopenia, ANC and NLR.
A school intervention within an oral health promotion program in New Caledonia: Evaluation with a pragmatic approach
Authors: Pichot Hélène , Pereira Bruno , Magnat Elodie , Tubert-jeannin stephanie
Published: October 2019

Background : The objective of this observational survey was to evaluate after one year, a dental sealants intervention conducted in New Caledonia, within an health promotion program. A greater or at least equivalent impact of the intervention was expected in socially deprived sectors with highest health needs. Methods : The study population was the schoolchildren, aged 6 years in 2016, who benefited from the dental sealant program (n=2532). The study sample was randomly selected in 2017 from that population (n=550). The children's dental status was evaluated at school and compared with that recorded in 2016 during the sealant intervention allowing the calculation of the retention rates and one year carious increment (∆DT 1rst molars ). Socio-demographic variables (gender, region, public/private school) and conditions of sealants placement (school/dental office, presence of a dental assistant) were recorded. The carious increment was explained using a mixed multiple random-effects regression. A mediation analysis was conducted to assess the respective contributions of the retention rates and the region on caries increment. Results : The participation rate was very high (89%) and 80% of the dental sealants were present after one year; 30% totally and 60% partially present. Caries increment varied depending on the sealant retention rate as well as on the region (North, South, Islands). The mediation analysis showed that living in a deprived area (The Islands) was a strong determinant for high caries increment particularly when the retention rates were low. Conclusions : This survey showed a high participation rate and good effectiveness as measured with the one-year retention rates, for a sealant intervention integrated in a large health promotion program. Nevertheless, the program was not effective enough to balance the influence of other health determinants in socially deprived sectors characterized by high dental needs.
Referring crown-to-root ratio and root surface area to assess periodontitis severity and prognosis
Authors: Hong Hsiang-Hsi , Liang Chao-Hua , Chang Chung-Chieh , Peng Ying-Chin , Liu Heng-Liang
Published: October 2019

Background: Whether the linear crown-to-root ratio (CRR) decided by 3D and 2D clinical attachment loss (CAL) can be applied to evaluate the periodontitis severity and tooth prognosis was rarely examined. Materials: Sixty-six mandibular and maxillary single-rooted human premolars were surveyed by micro-computed tomography. CRRs at the levels of defined mild, moderate and severe periodontitis severity were analyzed. Statistical significance was confirmed by t -testes. Results: Along with the definitions, both the findings of coronal 25% root surface area (RSA) with CRR=1:1 corresponded to ≤3.0 mm linear radiographic bone loss (L-RBL) and 20% RSA with CRR=4:5 at L-RBL=1.6‒1.9 mm signified ≤15% L-RBL were categorized as mild periodontitis. Similarly, the results of coronal RSA≤52% with CRR≤3:2 at L-RBL≤5.0 mm and RSA=40% with CRR=5:4 at 4.0 mm L-RBL denoted 30% L-RBL were characterized moderate periodontitis. Additionally, relying on whether a 1.0mm connective tissue attachment (CTA) was included, CRR=1:1 at 25% L-RBL or CRR=4:3 at 35% L-RBL corresponded to a 25% clinical attachment loss (CAL), which could be used to distinguish a fair prognosis from a good prognosis. Either the level with 50% L-RBL at CRR=2:1, or the level with 50% CAL and 60% L-RBL at CRR=5:2 could be applied to differentiate a poor prognosis from a questionable prognosis. Conclusions: The periodontitis severity and tooth prognosis defined by 2015 academic classification could be evaluated according to a range of corresponding RSAs and CRRs. The length and morphology of the tapered roots and decreasing CTA enclosure partially explained the findings.
Quality Of Life and Associated Factors among Patients with Major Depression on Follow Up At Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: enkoyee dessalegn kiross , Angaw Dessie Abebaw , Abady Gdiom Gebreheat , Ayalew Getnet Dessie , wondiefraw abriham zegeye
Published: October 2019

Background: Patients suffering from major depression are reported to have poorer quality of life than both the general population and otherwise healthy persons with chronic diseases. The impact of major depression on quality of life is scarcely investigated in developing country.Methods : An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 15 to April 16, 2017 at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital. 502 study participants were involved in the study. Quality of life was measured by a structured cross-cultural WHOQOL-BREF. Other tools utilized in this study were Montgomerry-Asberg depression rating scale, Oslo social support scale, and Jacoby perceived stigma scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict the effect of each factor on domains of quality of life.Result : The mean score QOL for each domain (mean± SD) was, for physical 43.5±11.9, for psychological 41.2±11.9, for social 40.7±10.6, and for environmental 41.3±9.6. Univariate analysis showed nearly half of the participants scored below the mean score quality of life (QOL). Multiple regression analysis depicted severity of depressive symptoms was strongly negatively correlated with all domains of QOL. It had predicted above 50% of the variability in each domain. Social support was also another strong predictor which was negatively correlated with all QOL domains, except environmental. It had explained above 60% of the variance in physical, and 43.3% for psychological and 44.8% for social domain.Conclusion: The results shows mean score QOL in each domain is lower compared to other studies, and even nearly half the participants are below the mean score QOL. Severity of depressive symptoms, social support, numbers of episodes in a year, duration on treatment, stigma, being single and rural residence are factors negatively correlated with at least one domain. Treating Major depression should follow a holistic approach and should aim in improving QOL. Keywords: Major Depressive Disorder , Quality of life, WHOQOL-BREF, Associated factor
The retinal lesions in ultra-wide-field retinal imaging and the consistency of different fundus screening methods in HIV/AIDS patients
Authors: Du Kuifang , Chen Chao , Guo Chungang , Dong Hongwei , Xie Lian-yong , Kong Wenjun , Wei Wen Bin
Published: October 2019

Background: To observe the retinal lesions in HIV/AIDS patients and to evaluate the consistency of non-mydriatic ultra-wide-field (UWF) retinal imaging and mydriatic slit lamp biomicroscope with Superfield lens. Methods: 193 eyes of 98 consecutive HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled. The retinal lesions in each patients were observed through UWF fundus imaging and slit lamp biomicroscopic with Superfield lens whose consistency was analyzed. Results: 100 eyes (51.8%） had fundus lesions, 20 eyes (20%) presented posterior microvascular retinopathy (MVR), 19 eyes (19%) presented peripheral MVR, 15 eyes (15%) presented early stage cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR), 6 eyes showed initial stage CMVR, and 51 eyes showed other changes (papilledema, etc.). The consistency of two methods was moderate in detecting the isolated peripheral lesions (Kappa = 0.445) or HIV-related MVR (Kappa = 0.513), and high in inspecting the posterior/posterior involved lesions (Kappa = 0.831) or CMVR (Kappa = 1.0). The detection rate of UWF retinal imaging and slit lamp biomicroscopic were 15.5%（30/193）and 17.6%（34/193）(P=0.557＞0.05) for HIV-related MVR, 7.8% (15/193) (P=1.000＞0.05) for CMVR, 37.3% (72/193) and 33.7% (65/193) (P=0.118＞0.05) for posterior/posterior involved lesions, 8.8% (17/193) and 17.6% (34/193) (P=0.001＜0.05) for isolated peripheral lesions , respectively. Conclusions: The HIV-related MVR can be posterior or peripheral. Various fundus changes appear in HIV/AIDS patients, not only MVR or CMVR. The non-mydriatic UWF fundus imaging system and mydriatic slit lamp biomicroscope exhibited good consistency and nondiscriminatory detection rate for CMVR, HIV-related MVR and posterior lesions, but not for isolated peripheral lesions.
Intravenous Vitamin D Receptor Activators in Dialysis Introduction Period
Authors: Koshi-Ito Eri , Inaguma Daijo , Koide Shigehisa , Takahashi Kazuo , Hayashi Hiroki , Tsuboi Naotake , Hasegawa Midori , Yuzawa Yukio
Published: October 2019

Background Usage of vitamin D receptor activator (VDRA) for chronic kidney disease (CKD) including patients on dialysis patients has been controversial yet. It is unknown when to begin or discontinue VDRA therapy, the type of VDRA to administer, and the method of delivery, intravenous or oral for survival in CKD patients. Therefore, we examined whether intravenous or oral VDRA early after dialysis initiation affected mortality in incident dialysis patients. Methods The study database was derived from the Aichi Cohort Study of Prognosis in Patients Newly Initiated into Dialysis (AICOPP), a multicenter, prospective, cohort analysis of 1,520 consecutive patients who began dialysis at the 17 AICOPP group centers between October 2011 and September 2013. We excluded the 262 patients who died by March 2015, 15 patients were lost to follow-up, 241 patients with unconfirmed information about use of VDRA in March 2015, and 35 patients who discontinued VDRA between dialysis initiation and March 2015. Finally, 967 patients participated in the present study. We classified the participating patients into three groups according to the usage of VDRA in March 2015: no use of VDRA (NV group), oral VDRA (OV group), and intravenous VDRA (IV group) and compared their all-cause mortality. Results There were 104 deaths during the follow-up period (NV group, 27 cases; OV group, 53 cases; IV group, 24 cases). Significant differences between the cumulative survival rates were observed for the three groups (p = 0.010). The IV group was associated with low all-cause mortality compared to the NV group (Hazard ratio = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24−0.89, p = 0.020) by multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis using the stepwise method. Conclusions Our study shows that early introduction of intravenous VDRA to patients on hemodialysis seems to be associated with better prognosis.Trial Registration The trial registration no. is UMIN 000007096, registered on January 18, 2012. 298words, Text: 2967 words
Blood systemic inflammatory markers in adult brucella knee arthritis
Authors: Adanas Cihan , Aslan Mehmet
Published: October 2019

Background: Mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been documented as blood biomarkers of systemic inflammation. The aim of the current research was to examine these blood biomarkers in brucella knee arthritis.

Methods: Fifty-three brucella knee arthritis subjects and 42 healthy subjects were included . The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C reactive protein (CRP) levels were compared. White blood cells (WBC), MPV, platelet, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were determined from complete blood counts. The PLR and NLR were calculated.

Results: We found that CRP, ESR, and MPV levels were considerably increased in brucella knee arthritis than control groups (p<0.001, p=0.024, p=0.024). Moreover, the brucella arthritis patients had lower NLR and neutrophil counts compared to the control participants (p=0.027, p=0.007). According to the Pearson’s correlation analysis, the serum agglutination tests with titers were positively related to the lymphocyte counts (p=0.009, r=0.355) in the patients.

Conclusions: We observed statistically significant differences between the brucella knee arthritis patients and the healthy subjects with respect to MPV and NLR. These parameters may be beneficial markers in the assessment of systemic inflammation in patients with brucella arthritis.
The Educational Needs of Family of the Patients Discharged from the Intensive Care Units: The Viewpoints of Nurses and the patients’ Families
Authors: Hajalizadeh Asma , Ahmadinejad Mehdi , Dehghan Mahlagha , Arab Mansoor
Published: October 2019

Objectives This study aimed to determine the educational needs of the families of patients discharged from the intensive care units and to compare the views of families and nurses about these needs.Method This was a cross-sectional study. Two hundred eighty nurses and family members of the patients discharged from the intensive care units participated in the survey. A researcher-made questionnaire about the educational needs of the family were used for data collection.Results Nurses significantly estimated the educational needs of families more than what they did (P <0.001). The families and nurses reported the educational needs of self-care as well as nutrition and medicine at the highest level, respectively. Both groups reported the educational needs of defecation at the lowest level.Conclusion Given the high level of family needs, implementing educational and practical interventions is necessary to enhance their skills.
Topography-guided transepithelial accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking for low refractive error correction in keratoconus treatment: a pilot study
Authors: Sun Ling , Zhao Yu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Tian Mi , Zhao Jing , Zhou Xingtao
Published: October 2019

Purpose To investigate the safety and efficacy of topography-guided transepithelial accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking for low refractive error correction in keratoconus patients. Methods This was a prospective self-controlled study. Eighteen patients (18 eyes) were enrolled and assessed at 6 visits (pre-operation, 1 d, 1 m, 3 m, 6 m and 1 y post-operation). The examination at every visit included analysis of un-corrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal topography and corneal endothelial cell counts. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). The P-value was determined using repeated measures ANOVA. Results No complications occurred in any of the eyes throughout the entire follow-up period. At each visit after the operation, the corneal K values and spherical equivalent (SE) were reduced, while visual acuity values were increased compared with those pre-operation, although these results were not statistically significant. During the follow-up, corneal endothelial cell counts were stable. Regarding the topography, part of the corneal cone was flattened after the operation. Conclusion Topography-guided transepithelial accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking is safe and may correct low refractive error in keratoconus treatment. Further studies and improvement are needed.
The application of metagenomics in hydrocarbon resource management
Authors: Gana Mordecai , Kure Jireh Taliya , Ahmadu Usman
Published: October 2019

The last 5-10 years has witness a new proven field of research where explanation have been provided to non-cultured microbes. This uncultured microorganisms forms the major group of organisms found in most environment of the Earth. The science of metagenomics makes it possible to investigate resources which can be used to develop new enzymes, genes and several chemical compounds for use in biotechnology. Studies of microorganisms in pure laboratory culture for over a century have led to significant advances into microbial genetics and physiology, biotechnology and molecular biology. The rapid advancement in sequencing technology has brought about drastic reduction cost of sequencing thereby leading to increasing sequencing project been undertaken. This advancement has provided the privilege for the continual use of this sequencing technology to monitor microbes in the environment which before now are not available. While metagenomic applications have been used to consistently have a better understanding of ecology and microbial diversity, it is pertinent to note that its application in environmental monitoring and application is commonly increasing and has been one of the research areas in focus. To this end this article seek to provide a general overview of what metagenmics is, its principle and application in hydrocarbon resource management.
Histopathology and other aspects of echinostome infection in freshwater fishes of the South Western Ghats, India
Authors: Jithila Puthiyakandy Janardhanan , Prasadan Puthanpurayil Kandambeth
Published: October 2019

While investigating the trematode parasite infestation in the freshwater fishes of South Western Ghats, India we came across echinostome infection in three species of fishes Pseudosphromenus cupanus, Lepidocephalichthys thermlis and Aplochelus lineatus. Detailed histopathological studies on the infected kidney of the freshwater fish L. thermlis revealed severe damage and degeneration of their cells. The prevalence, intensity and mean abundance of infection of Echinostoma sp. in the three fishes were also recorded. The prevalences of Echinostoma sp. infection in the freshwater fishes P. cupanus, A. lineatus and L. thermalis were 5.55%, 66.66% and 25%, the intensities of infection were 4.5, 36 and 1, and the mean abundances were 0.25, 24 and 0.25, respectively.
Phylogenetic analysis of canine parvoviruses from Turkey
Authors: AKKUTAY-YOLDAR ZEYNEP , B. TAYLAN KOÇ
Published: October 2019

Canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2 is the causative agent of acute hemorrhagic enteritis and high mortality in the affected dogs. Numerous studies have been done to understand the origin of the virus and to exhibit new variants and circulating strains. This report describes the detection and genomic characterization of CPV strains from indoor and outdoor dogs in Ankara, Turkey. Samples were sent to our laboratory due to clinical symptoms in puppies. We tested blood and swab samples to determine the presence of canine parvovirus (CPV) in three puppies and two adult dogs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using VP2 (capsid protein) region primers of canine parvoviruses. Following that, to provide molecular characterization data Maximum Likelihood (ML) method was used for phylogenetic analyses. Constructed phylogenetic trees from the aligned nucleotide sequences revealed that our CPV strains demonstrated high genetic similarities, with 100% identity match on nucleotide alignments with each other and classified in CPV-2b genotypes.They have placed on a monophyletic clade as a sister branch with CPV VAC S quantum with 98.9% nucleotide homology. Our findings suggest that CPV-2b is actual and frequently seen variant in Turkey and shows high similarities with other CPV variants and a bit less with FPVs in Turkey and around the world. CPV causes high mortality and morbidity in dogs and to develop effective vaccines for protection of dogs in Turkey where there are few numbers of studies that have been done, field strains should be isolated and characterised.
Presencia de microorganismos micóticos en leche cruda de tanques de enfriamiento en el Altiplano Boyacense (Colombia)
Authors: Tarazona Manrique Luis Edgar , Villate Hernández Julián Ricardo , Forero Rojas Elkin Josué , Grijalba Otálora Juana Valentina , Vargas Abella Julio César , Andrade Becerra Roy José
Published: October 2019

Las levaduras y los mohos son gérmenes que no se deben encontrar en muestras de leche porque son potencialmente patógenos tanto para los animales como para el ser humano. Debido a su alta manipulación durante la recolección, almacenamiento y transporte, la leche es susceptible de contaminación con estos microorganismos, por lo cual su detección en este alimento en estas fases, es relevante con el fin de prevenir posibles situaciones que comprometan la salud pública. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la presencia de mohos y levaduras en muestras de tanques de enfriamiento de leche en el Altiplano Boyacense. Se tomaron muestras de 20 tanques de enfriamiento de leche cruda ubicados en 20 diferentes municipios lecheros del departamento de Boyacá con el fin de determinar la presencia de mohos y levaduras a través de Compact Dry YM®. El 35% de las muestras de leche no presentó crecimiento de mohos ni de levaduras, por su parte, en el 25% se encontró crecimiento de colonias de color amarillo y sus tonalidades, lo que correspondería con colonias de mohos, en el 5% se determinó el crecimiento únicamente de colonias azules, correspondiente a crecimiento de levaduras. En el 35% restante se detalló un crecimiento de colonias azules y amarillas. Esto demuestra que existe un alto porcentaje mohos y levaduras en muestras de leche cruda refrigerada, situación que podría desencadenar un problema de salud pública.
Ácidos orgánicos, una alternativa en la nutrición avícola: una revisión
Authors: Ángel-Isaza Jaime , Mesa-Salgado Natalia , Narváez-Solarte William
Published: October 2019

Los ácidos orgánicos son una alternativa de reemplazo a los antibióticos promotores de crecimiento utilizados en la industria avícola moderna, por ser agentes que no dejan residuos en la carne de los animales y no generan ningún riesgo para la salud humana. El uso de ácidos orgánicos en la alimentación de las aves, contribuye al mantenimiento de la integridad y estabilidad de la biota intestinal; además, dificulta la proliferación de microorganismos patógenos, ayuda a prevenir la aparición de enfermedades y a mejorar el rendimiento productivo. Sin embargo, los resultados experimentales en la dieta de las aves son diversos y contradictorios, inducidos por diferencias en factores tales como: el tipo y la dosis del ácido orgánico, la composición de la dieta y las condiciones ambientales de cría en las que se realizan los ensayos. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar un análisis de los diferentes resultados experimentales al incluir ácidos orgánicos en la dieta del pollo de engorde, con respecto a la fisiología intestinal, los parámetros productivos y hematológicos.
Economic incentives for water consumption reduction: case study of the city of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: de Sousa Cláudia Orsini M. , Dias Fouto Nuno M. M.
Published: October 2019

There are numerous studies regarding water pricing, demand and elasticity for certain regions. However, in Brazil, there are no studies on these matters, even though there is a need to explore the behavior of Brazil's population, especially because the nation is susceptible to extreme water events. São Paulo State, Brazil's most important economic region, has recently experienced a severe water scarcity status. In an attempt to control water demand, the São Paulo Water Agency (SABESP) implemented a ‘bonus and onus’ program. In this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the SABESP programs in terms of their structures and results using a panel model. The econometric results showed that (i) the bonus program was successful and more effective than the onus program, and (ii) water consumption reduction was more significant in regions supplied by water reservoirs where the relative water level was lower, although inhabitants of other regions also reduced their water consumption.
Infectious rain? Evaluation of human pathogen concentrations in stormwater in separate sewer systems
Authors: Schreiber Christiane , Heinkel Sophie-Bo , Zacharias Nicole , Mertens Franz-Michael , Christoffels Ekkehard , Gayer Uta , Koch Christoph , Kistemann Thomas
Published: October 2019

Separate sewer systems collect and discharge rainwater directly into surface water bodies. In residential areas covering moderate traffic load these are alternative drainage routes to avoid combined sewer overflow discharge and to keep rivers clean as required by the EU Water Framework Directive. This overflow's microbial quality, however, needs to be evaluated, since stormwater run-offs are potential pathways for pathogens into river systems. Between 2010 and 2016, two separate sewer systems in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) were investigated. The stormwater outflow was sampled during discharge events and microbiologically analysed. The results showed high concentrations of Escherichia coli (1,100–1,100,000 CFU/100 mL) and Clostridium perfringens (20–13,000 CFU/100 mL). Campylobacter and Salmonella were detected in 97% and 43% of the samples. Giardia cysts were more often detected (31.6%) than Cryptosporidium oocysts (10.5%). The sources of human pathogens in rainwater run-off are heterogeneous. While roads have already been declared as chemical polluters via rainwater run-off, our study detected supplementary pollution of mainly faecal microorganisms. Presumably, failed connections in the sewer system itself are important sources of human pathogens. We suggest treatment of stormwater run-offs before being discharged into the river system.