bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic silk fibroin e-gel scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Karahaliloğlu Zeynep , Yalçın Eda , Demirbilek Murat , Denkbaş Emir Baki
Published: February 2017

Recently, the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles into standard scaffolds has emerged as a promising approach for tissue engineering applications. This strategy can promote not only tissue regeneration but also reloading of scaffolds through an external supervising center that adsorbs growth factors, preserving their stability and biological activity. In this study, novel magnetic silk fibroin e-gel scaffolds were prepared by the electrogelation process of concentrated Bombyx mori silk fibroin (8 wt%) aqueous solution. In addition, basic fibroblast growth factor was conjugated physically to human serum albumin = Fe3O4 nanoparticles (71.52 ± 2.3 nm in size) with 97.5% binding yield. Scanning electron microscopy images of the prepared human serum albumin = Fe3O4-basic fibroblast growth factor-loaded silk fibroin e-gel scaffolds showed a three-dimensional porous morphology. In terms of water uptake, basic fibroblast growth factor-conjugated scaffolds had the highest water absorbability among all groups. In vitro cell culture studies showed that both the human serum albumin coating of Fe3O4 nanoparticle surface and basic fibroblast growth factor conjugation had an inductive effect on cell viability. One of the most used markers of bone formation and osteoblast differentiation is alkaline phosphatase activity; human serum albumin = Fe3O4-basic fibroblast growth factor-loaded silk fibroin e-gels showed significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (p < 0.05). SaOS-2 cells cultured on human serum albumin = Fe3O4-basic fibroblast growth factor-loaded silk fibroin e-gels deposited more calcium compared with those cultured on bare silk fibroin e-gels. These results indicated that the proposed e-gel scaffolds are valuable candidates for magnetic guiding in bone tissue regeneration, and they will present new perspectives for magnetic field application in regenerative medicine.
Multiobjective flow shop deteriorating scheduling problem via an adaptive multipopulation genetic algorithm
Authors: Fu Yaping , Wang Hongfeng , Huang Min , Ding Jinliang , Tian Guangdong
Published: February 2017

Recently, the ow shop scheduling problem with deteriorating jobs has gained increasing concern from academic communities and industrial areas. The de- teriorating job is that the processing time of the jobs depends on their starting time. Due to the essential complexity of this problem, most studies focus on the two and three stages setting, and there are few studies that have considered a multiple stage setting. In this paper, a multiobjective ow shop deteriorating scheduling problem is considered, where the objectives are to minimize the makespan and the total tardiness, simultaneously. In order to solve it e_ciently, a novel adaptive multipopulation mul- tiobjective genetic algorithm is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, multiple scalar optimization problems of the multiobjective ow shop deteriorating scheduling prob-lem are developed, which will be introduced into the iteration course in multiple stages. An adaptive multipopulation strategy is designed to construct multiple subpopulations to search the optimal solutions of several scalar optimization problems in parallel. In addition, some special strategies, i.e. selection, crossover, mutation and the evolution of external archives are designed to improve the performance of the adaptive multi-population multiobjective genetic algorithm for the investigated multiobjective ow shop deteriorating scheduling problem. Based on a set of test instances on the multiob-jective ow shop deteriorating scheduling problem, simulation experiments are carried out to examine the performance of adaptive multipopulation multiobjective genetic al-gorithm in comparison with several peer multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. The experimental results show that the proposed adaptive multipopulation multiobjective genetic algorithm performs well when solving the multiobjective ow shop deteriorating scheduling problem.
ABC and VED Analysis of Medical Materials of a General Military Hospital in Greece
Authors: Antonoglou Dimitrios , Kastanioti Catherine , Niakas Dimitris
Published: February 2017

ABC and VED analysis of a General Military Hospital of Athens was conducted in order to highlight expensive medical products, as a management tool. The annual consumption and expenditure incurred on each product for the year 2012 was analyzed and inventory control techniques were applied. ABC analysis revealed 5, 15 and 80 per cent products as A, B and C category products, respectively, accounting for 52, 28 and 20 per cent of annual expenditure. VED analysis showed 420, 689 and 2,101 products as V, E and D category products out of 3,210 products.
Tension Regulation at the Suture Lines for Repair of Neglected Achilles Tendon Laceration
Authors: Massoud Elsayed Ibraheem Elsayed
Published: February 2017

Background:

Operative intervention is the preferred option for management of the neglected laceration of the Achilles tendon. However, the commonly used techniques rarely follow the principles of the regenerative medicine for the restoration of the lost tissue. This study postulated that incorporation of the autogenous tendon graft would properly progress when the interplay between mechanical loading and healing phases was correctly applied.

Methods:

A prospective study included 15 patients who were treated for neglected Achilles tendon laceration using the technique of lengthening of the proximal tendon stump. An absorbable reinforcement suture was used for control of the mechanical environment at the suture lines.

Results:

By an average 5 years of the prospective follow-up, all the repaired tendons had restored continuity and length. The calf circumference equalized to the uninjured side in 12 patients. However, 3 patients had calf atrophy but they improved compared to the preoperative measurements. Sonogram confirmed the restoration of the normal thickness and the gliding characteristics of the repaired tendon.

Conclusion:

The technique restored continuity and tension of the repaired tendon, preserved the calf circumference, and prevented peritendinous adhesions. The absorbable reinforcement suture spontaneously allowed for the mechanical loading of the grafted tendon.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Instagram use and young women’s body image concerns and self-objectification: Testing mediational pathways
Authors: Fardouly Jasmine , Willburger Brydie K , Vartanian Lenny R
Published: February 2017

This study examined the relationship between Instagram use (overall, as well as specifically viewing fitspiration images) and body image concerns and self-objectification among women between the ages of 18 and 25 from the United States ( n = 203) and from Australia ( n = 73). Furthermore, this study tested whether internalization of the societal beauty ideal, appearance comparison tendency in general, or appearance comparisons to specific target groups on Instagram mediated any relationships between Instagram use and the appearance-related variables. Greater overall Instagram use was associated with greater self-objectification, and that relationship was mediated both by internalization and by appearance comparisons to celebrities. More frequently viewing fitspiration images on Instagram was associated with greater body image concerns, and that relationship was mediated by internalization, appearance comparison tendency in general, and appearance comparisons to women in fitspiration images. Together, these results suggest that Instagram usage may negatively influence women’s appearance-related concerns and beliefs.
Entrepreneurial alertness as a pathway to strategic decisions and organizational performance
Authors: Roundy Philip T. , Harrison David A. , Khavul Susanna , Pérez-Nordtvedt Liliana , McGee Jeffrey E.
Published: February 2017

Entrepreneurial alertness can play a vital role in the identification and creation of opportunities involving early-stage ventures. However, the strategic function of entrepreneurial alertness in more mature organizations has not been explored. In a field study of organizations responding to an environmental disruption, we explore if entrepreneurial alertness influences decisions involving the creation and maintenance of competitive advantage. We find a direct effect of entrepreneurial alertness on strategic change decisions and organizational performance. Moreover, we find a synergistic influence of entrepreneurial alertness and other cognitions, including issue categorization and assessments of uncertainty, on strategic decisions. Findings demonstrate that managerial decision makers can take multiple, reinforcing pathways when heeding change.
Results From the VISIBILITY Iliac Study: Primary and Cohort Outcomes at 9 Months
Authors: Rundback John H. , Peeters Patrick , George Jon C. , Jaff Michael R. , Faries Peter L.
Published: February 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of primary stenting of the common (CIA) or external iliac artery (EIA) using the Visi-Pro Balloon-Expandable Peripheral Stent System for treatment of stenotic, restenotic, or occluded lesions. Methods: Between 2011 and 2012, 75 patients (mean age 64.2±8.9 years; 46 men) with Rutherford category 2–4 ischemia and atherosclerotic lesions ≤10 cm in length underwent iliac artery stenting at 17 centers in the United States and Europe. The primary outcome of the study was the major adverse event (MAE) rate at 9 months postprocedure [composite of periprocedural death, in-hospital myocardial infarction, clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR), and amputation of the treated limb]. Secondary outcomes included 30-day MAE rate, 9-month primary patency, changes in ankle-brachial index (ABI) and the Walking Impairment Questionnaire at 30 days and 9 months postprocedure, device success, and clinically driven target vessel revascularization (CD-TVR) at 30 days and 9 months. Outcomes in specific patient cohorts (ie, gender, stent location, calcification severity, and lesion grade) were analyzed. Results: Eighty-one stents were implanted in 61 CIA and 15 EIA lesions (41 with moderate/severe calcification). The mean lesion treated length was 29.3±13.9 mm. All devices were successfully deployed. MAE occurred in 3 (4.0%) of 75 subjects at 9 months. Primary patency and freedom from CD-TVR at 9 months were both 95.8%. ABI improved from 0.67±0.14 at baseline to 0.94±0.14 and 0.96±0.16 at 30 days and 9-month follow-up, respectively (p<0.001 for both). There were no differences with respect to any of the analyzed patient characteristics, including gender. Conclusion: Nine-month results of the VISIBILITY Iliac stent study ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01402700) demonstrated safety and effectiveness for the treatment of atherosclerotic CIA and EIA lesions with the Visi-Pro stent across all treated cohorts.
Editor’s Choice-The cardiovascular implications of sedatives in the cardiac intensive care unit
Authors: Zakaria Sammy , Kwong Helaine J , Sevransky Jonathan E , Williams Marlene S , Chandra-Strobos Nisha
Published: February 2017

Patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit frequently develop multi-organ system dysfunction associated with their cardiac disease. In many cases, invasive mechanical ventilation is required, which often necessitates sedation for patient-ventilator synchrony, reduction of work of breathing, and patient comfort. In this paper, we describe the use of common sedatives available in the endotracheally intubated critically ill patient and emphasize the clinical and cardiovascular effects. We review γ-aminobutyric acid agonists such as etomidate, benzodiazepines, and propofol, the centrally acting α2-agonist dexmedetomidine, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine. Additionally, we outline the use of opioids and their role in potentiating other sedatives. We note that some sedatives are associated with increased delirium rates, and emphasize that judicious strategies minimizing sedative use are associated with decreases in morbidity and mortality. We also discuss standardized sedation assessment scales and highlight the importance of sedation weaning. Finally, we offer recommendations for sedation use during therapeutic hypothermia, and discuss the use of adjuvant neuromuscular blocking agents.
Economy and fashion: analysing the use of simulated leather upholstery in a nineteenth century Australian coach
Authors: Ison Natalie , Wain Alison , Hoogewerff Jurian
Published: February 2017

The Ranken coach is a landau style horse-drawn vehicle brought to the Australian colony of New South Wales in the 1820s, and now held in the National Historical Collection of the National Museum of Australia. At some point, or points, in the vehicle’s history the roof structure has been altered and parts of its original interior and exterior upholstery have been replaced with black coated fabrics resembling imitation leather. Three data sources were brought together to support the hypothesis that the alterations to the coach were made between 1923 and 1938. Two of these sources were historical research on the vehicle and research on materials used to simulate leather in the times when the coach was likely to have been altered. These were used to determine the likely dates for these changes, as well as the types of materials available at the time. The third source involved physical means of investigation to study the chemical composition of the coatings. These included visual inspection, Ultraviolet fluorescence evaluation, solubility tests, the diphenylamine spot test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pyrolysis gas chromatography, mass spectroscopy. The hypothesis formed was that the fabric used for the new interior upholstery was probably coated with an alkyd-based formulation, and that the fabric used for the new roof coating was probably coated with a cellulose nitrate based formulation. One of the key findings of this research was that the composition of the alkyd-based material does not exactly mirror modern formulations. This could be due to age-related deterioration, to the lack of standardisation in early formulations, or the fact that at the period in question, it appears to have been common to mix concoctions at the point of application. The physical analyses also supported hints in the historical documentation that topical “varnishes” may have been applied separately over the coated fabrics to improve their appearance and weatherproofing.
Optimal selection of operating parameters in end milling of Al-6061 work materials using multi-objective approach
Authors: Shaik Jakeer Hussain , J Srinivas
Published: February 2017

Background

Machining using vertical CNC end mill is popular in the modern material removal industries because of its ability to remove the material at a fast rate with a reasonably good surface quality.

Methods

In this work, the influence of important common machining process variables like feed, cutting speed and axial depth of cut on the output parameters such as surface roughness and amplitude of tool vibration levels in Al-6061 workpieces has been studied. With the use of experimental result analysis and mathematical modelling, correlations between the cutting process conditions and process outputs are studied in detail. The cutting experiments are planned with response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken design (BBD).

Results

This work proposes a multi-objective optimization approach based on genetic algorithms using experimental data so as to simultaneously minimize the tool vibration amplitudes and work-piece surface roughness. The optimum combination of process variable is further verified by the radial basis neural network model.

Conclusions

Finally, based on the multi-objective optimization approach and neural network models an interactive platform is developed to obtain the correct combination of process parameters.
Perforator-based flaps for the treatment of burn scar contractures: a review
Authors: Stekelenburg C. M. , Marck R. E. , Verhaegen P. D. H. M. , Marck K. W. , van Zuijlen P. P. M.
Published: February 2017

Patients with burn scars often experience functional problems because of scar contractures. Surgical treatment may be indicated for those burn scar contractures. If the contractures are small and linear, the contraction bands can be treated with local transposition flaps like the Z-plasty. Broader, diffuse contractures are more challenging and require a different surgical approach, such as the use of local tissue. The use of perforator-based flaps is promising; however, their true clinical significance for this type of burn reconstructions still needs to be determined. Therefore, we performed a review to evaluate the role of perforator-based flaps for burn scar contracture treatment. Electronic databases were searched using a predefined search strategy. Studies evaluating the long-term outcome of perforator-based flaps for the treatment of burn scar contractures were included. The methodological quality was tested and data was summarized. Five hundred and ten papers were identified of which eleven met the inclusion criteria. One study was a randomized controlled trial; ten were cohort studies of a pre-postoperative design. The papers described outcomes of free flaps and local flaps. Most studies had methodological shortcomings and used inappropriate statistical methods. Perforator-based interposition flaps appear to be highly relevant for burn scar contracture treatment. However, due to the paucity and low quality of the studies that were assessed, no definitive conclusions about the true clinical significance could be reached. And therefore, only recommendations could be given for improvement of the quality of further primary research on the effectiveness of perforator-based flaps for burn scar contracture release.
Practical considerations in the use of edge detectors for geologic mapping using magnetic data
Authors: Pilkington Mark , Tschirhart Victoria
Published: February 2017

Locating the edges of magnetized sources provides a fundamental tool in the geologic interpretation of magnetic field data. Much recent effort has been expended on developing improvements to existing edge-detection methods, resulting in purported increases in accuracy and continuity along edges, reduction of noise effects, and limiting the influences of variable depth to source, magnetization direction, and source dip. These endeavors are valuable and provide interpreters with a wider range of tools to carry out geologic interpretations of aeromagnetic data. Nevertheless, survey parameters such as flight height and line spacing impose limits on the quality of edge locations that can be achieved. Using model studies, we quantify the effects that source size, depth, and interference between sources have on calculated edge locations. Based on the known behavior of established edge detectors, we found that many of the newer approaches offer limited advantages over older methods. Consequently, we studied an example of field mapping of geologic contacts in the Canadian Shield, supported by aeromagnetic data, using calculation of a standard edge detector: the horizontal gradient magnitude of the total magnetic field or TF-hgm. Calculated edge locations estimated from this method appear sufficiently accurate and continuous to provide a solid basis on which the mapping campaign was based and executed successfully.
Preserving the discontinuities in least-squares reverse time migration of simultaneous-source data
Authors: Chen Yangkang , Chen Hanming , Xiang Kui , Chen Xiaohong
Published: February 2017

The simultaneous-source shooting technique can accelerate field acquisition and improve spatial sampling but it will cause strong interferences in the recorded data and artifacts in the final image. The previously proposed structural smoothing operator can effectively attenuate artifacts for relatively simple reflection structures during least-squares inversion, but it will cause damage to complicated reflection events such as discontinuities. To preserve discontinuities in a seismic image, we apply the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) operator to attenuate artifacts during least-squares inversion. Considering that global SSA cannot deal with overcomplicated data very well, we use local SSA to remove noise and to better preserve the steeply dipping components. The local SSA operator corresponds to a local low-rank constraint applied in the inversion process. The migration operator used in the study is the reverse time migration (RTM) operator. Tests using the Marmousi model showed the superior performance of the proposed algorithm in preserving the discontinuities of seismic images.
Evidence of Stage Shift in Women Diagnosed With Ovarian Cancer During Phase II of the United Kingdom Familial Ovarian Cancer Screening Study
Authors: Rosenthal Adam N. , Fraser Lindsay S.M. , Philpott Susan , Manchanda Ranjit , Burnell Matthew , Badman Philip , Hadwin Richard , Rizzuto Ivana , Benjamin Elizabeth , Singh Naveena , Evans D. Gareth , Eccles Diana M. , Ryan Andy , Liston Robert , Dawnay Anne , Ford Jeremy , Gunu Richard , Mackay James , Skates Steven J. , Menon Usha , Jacobs Ian J. ,   on behalf of the United Kingdom Familial Ovarian Cancer Screening Study collaborators
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To establish the performance of screening with serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), interpreted using the risk of ovarian cancer algorithm (ROCA), and transvaginal sonography (TVS) for women at high risk of ovarian cancer (OC) or fallopian tube cancer (FTC).

Patients and Methods

Women whose estimated lifetime risk of OC/FTC was ≥ 10% were recruited at 42 centers in the United Kingdom and underwent ROCA screening every 4 months. TVS occurred annually if ROCA results were normal or within 2 months of an abnormal ROCA result. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) was encouraged throughout the study. Participants were observed via cancer registries, questionnaires, and notification by centers. Performance was calculated after censoring 365 days after prior screen, with modeling of occult cancers detected at RRSO.

Results

Between June 14, 2007, and May 15, 2012, 4,348 women underwent 13,728 women-years of screening. The median follow-up time was 4.8 years. Nineteen patients were diagnosed with invasive OC/FTC within 1 year of prior screening (13 diagnoses were screen-detected and six were occult at RRSO). No symptomatic interval cancers occurred. Ten (52.6%) of the total 19 diagnoses were stage I to II OC/FTC (CI, 28.9% to 75.6%). Of the 13 screen-detected cancers, five (38.5%) were stage I to II (CI, 13.9% to 68.4%). Of the six occult cancers, five (83.3%) were stage I to II (CI, 35.9% to 99.6%). Modeled sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for OC/FTC detection within 1 year were 94.7% (CI, 74.0% to 99.9%), 10.8% (6.5% to 16.5%), and 100% (CI, 100% to 100%), respectively. Seven (36.8%) of the 19 cancers diagnosed < 1 year after prior screen were stage IIIb to IV (CI, 16.3% to 61.6%) compared with 17 (94.4%) of 18 cancers diagnosed > 1 year after screening ended (CI, 72.7% to 99.9%; P < .001). Eighteen (94.8%) of 19 cancers diagnosed < 1 year after prior screen had zero residual disease (with lower surgical complexity, P = .16) (CI, 74.0% to 99.9%) compared with 13 (72.2%) of 18 cancers subsequently diagnosed (CI, 46.5% to 90.3%; P = .09).

Conclusion

ROCA-based screening is an option for women at high risk of OC/FTC who defer or decline RRSO, given its high sensitivity and significant stage shift. However, it remains unknown whether this strategy would improve survival in screened high-risk women.
Multi-Institutional Assessment of Adverse Health Outcomes Among North American Testicular Cancer Survivors After Modern Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Fung Chunkit , Sesso Howard D. , Williams Annalynn M. , Kerns Sarah L. , Monahan Patrick , Abu Zaid Mohammad , Feldman Darren R. , Hamilton Robert J. , Vaughn David J. , Beard Clair J. , Kollmannsberger Christian K. , Cook Ryan , Althouse Sandra , Ardeshir-Rouhani-Fard Shirin , Lipshultz Steve E. , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Fossa Sophie D. , Travis Lois B. ,   for the Platinum Study Group
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To provide new information on adverse health outcomes (AHOs) in testicular cancer survivors (TCSs) after four cycles of etoposide and cisplatin (EPX4) or three or four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin (BEPX3/BEPX4).

Methods

Nine hundred fifty-two TCSs > 1 year postchemotherapy underwent physical examination and completed a questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression estimated AHOs odds ratios (ORs) in relation to age, cumulative cisplatin and/or bleomycin dose, time since chemotherapy, sociodemographic factors, and health behaviors.

Results

Median age at evaluation was 37 years; median time since chemotherapy was 4.3 years. Chemotherapy consisted largely of BEPX3 (38.2%), EPX4 (30.9%), and BEPX4 (17.9%). None, one to two, three to four, or five or more AHOs were reported by 20.4%, 42.0%, 25.1%, and 12.5% of TCSs, respectively. Median number after EPX4 or BEPX3 was two (range, zero to nine and zero to 11, respectively; P > .05) and two (range, zero to 10) after BEPX4. When comparing individual AHOs for EPX4 versus BEPX3, Raynaud phenomenon (11.6% v 21.4%; P < .01), peripheral neuropathy (29.2% v 21.4%; P = .02), and obesity (25.5% v 33.0%; P = .04) differed. Larger cumulative bleomycin doses (OR, 1.44 per 90,000 IU) were significantly associated with five or more AHOs. Increasing age was a significant risk factor for one to two, three to four, or five or more AHOs versus zero AHOs (OR, 1.22, 1.50, and 1.87 per 5 years, respectively; P < .01); vigorous physical activity was protective (OR, 0.62, 0.51, and 0.41, respectively; P < .05). Significant risk factors for three to four and five or more AHOs included current (OR, 3.05 and 3.73) or former (OR, 1.61 and 1.76) smoking ( P < .05). Self-reported health was excellent/very good in 59.9% of TCSs but decreased as AHOs increased ( P < .001).

Conclusion

Numbers of AHOs after EPX4 or BEPX3 appear similar, with median follow-up of 4.3 years. A healthy lifestyle was associated with reduced number of AHOs.
Phase I Trial of the Human Double Minute 2 Inhibitor MK-8242 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Wagner Andrew J. , Banerji Udai , Mahipal Amit , Somaiah Neeta , Hirsch Heather , Fancourt Craig , Johnson-Levonas Amy O. , Lam Raymond , Meister Amy K. , Russo Giuseppe , Knox Clayton D. , Rose Shelonitda , Hong David S.
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To evaluate MK-8242 in patients with wild-type TP53 advanced solid tumors.

Patients and Methods

MK-8242 was administered orally twice a day on days 1 to 7 in 21-day cycles. The recommended phase II dose (RP2D) was determined on the basis of safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and by mRNA expression of the p53 target gene pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 3 ( PHLDA3). Other objectives were to characterize the PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship, correlate biomarkers with response, and assess tumor response.

Results

Forty-seven patients received MK-8242 across eight doses that ranged from 60 to 500 mg. Initially, six patients developed dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs): grade (G) 2 nausea at 120 mg; G3 fatigue at 250 mg; G2 nausea and G4 thrombocytopenia at 350 mg; and G3 vomiting and G3 diarrhea at 500 mg. DLT criteria were revised to permit management of GI toxicities. Dosing was resumed at 400 mg, and four additional DLTs were observed: G4 neutropenia and G4 thrombocytopenia at 400 mg and G4 thrombocytopenia (two patients) at 500 mg. Other drug-related G3 and G4 events included anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, nausea, hyperbilirubinemia, hypophosphatemia, and anorexia. On the basis of safety, tolerability, PK, and PD, the RP2D was established at 400 mg (15 evaluable patients experienced two DLTs). PK for 400 mg (day 7) showed Cmax 3.07 μM, Tmax 3.0 hours, t1/2 (half-life) 6.6 hours, CL/F (apparent clearance) 28.9 L/h, and Vd/F (apparent volume) 274 L. Blood PHLDA3 mRNA expression correlated with drug exposure ( R2= 0.68; P < .001). In 41 patients with postbaseline scans, three patients with liposarcoma achieved a partial response (at 250, 400, and 500 mg), 31 showed stable disease, and eight had progressive disease. In total, 27 patients with liposarcoma had a median progression-free survival of 237 days.

Conclusion

At the RP2D of 400 mg twice a day, MK-8242 activated the p53 pathway with an acceptable safety and tolerability profile. The observed clinical activity (partial response and prolonged progression-free survival) provides an impetus for further study of HDM2 inhibitors in liposarcoma.
Oceanic Routes: (Post-It) Notes on Hydro-Colonialism
Authors: Bystrom Kerry , Hofmeyr Isabel
Published: February 2017

This article outlines the genesis and intellectual framing of the American Comparative Literature Association Forum on Oceanic Routes. Marshaling both “Routes” and “Oceanic,” the introduction sketches out the scholarly vectors associated with these terms as a way to assess the current field of Oceanic Studies. “Routes” points to work on the chronotope of the ship; vernacular and subaltern cosmopolitanisms at sea; inter-imperial assemblages; new metageographies; and the resource exploitation, militarization, and securitization of the ocean. “Oceanic” points to recent work on the hydromateriality of the seas from a post-human and planetary perspective. To these streams of scholarship, the article adds the notion of “hydrocolonialism.” The article ends with a summary of the contributions that make up the forum.
The Global Indies: Historicizing Oceanic Metageographies
Authors: Cohen Ashley L.
Published: February 2017

This essay begins by observing that the Indian and Atlantic Ocean worlds were deeply linked in eighteenth-century British literature and colonial discourse—so deeply, in fact, that they shared a common name: “the Indies.” Theorizing outward from this case study, this essay advocates a historicist approach to Oceanic Studies. Given that the shape of the world system has proved remarkably malleable over time, it argues that we need to pay more attention to the periodic reorganizations of oceanic space that have occurred over the course of the longue durée. More specifically, this essay suggests that literary scholars should attend to the ideological formations, or metageographies, that have been produced by—and in some cases helped to engender—these systemic shifts in the organization of global space. Finally, it argues that so doing will require adopting new methodologies around spatial scale.
Medieval Emotionality: TheFeelingSubject in Medieval Literature
Authors: Rikhardsdottir Sif
Published: February 2017

This article considers how we can discuss emotions (a human phenomenon) within literature (a discursive construction). The article poses the question of where we can locate this perceived literary emotionality in medieval works and considers the role of the reader in constructing the emotive interiority of the feeling subject in medieval literature. The focus of the essay is thus on the modern reader's engagement with the medieval textual object d'art and the unique representation of medieval literary creativity as both a physical artefact (the manuscript) and an act of vocal performance in the past. It therefore addresses material textuality as well as the implications of aural performativity for generating and sustaining empathetic connection between text and reader, or between the text and an audience of listeners.
Kafka on the Gulf: Male Identity, Space, and Globalization in Dave Eggers's A Hologram for the King and Arnon Grunberg's The Man without Illness
Authors: Besser Stephan , van Dijk Yra
Published: February 2017

In 2012, two curiously similar novels appeared in the Netherlands and the United States: Dave Eggers's A Hologram for the King and Arnon Grunberg's The Man without Illness. Both feature Western male protagonists who travel to the Gulf region for business purposes and utterly fail. This article explores these narratives as “fictions of globalization” (James Annesley) that use spatial tropes and imaginaries as well as multiple references to the work of Franz Kafka to tell stories of alienation and Western masculine failure in the global capitalist economy. In both novels an alternative is imagined as possible only from a marginal position outside the discourses and spaces of globalization: in intimacy, personal encounters, and gestures of care.
Managing Production-Inventory Systems with Scarce Resources
Authors: Benjaafar Saif , Chen David , Wang Rowan
Published: February 2017

We consider the problem of managing production in a production-inventory system where a firm is subject to an allowance (a limit) on either the amount of input it can use or the amount of output it can produce over a specified compliance period (in addition to being subject to a constraint on the production capacity). Examples of such settings are numerous and include those where limits are placed on the use of scarce natural resources as input or on the amount of waste or harmful pollution generated by production as output. We study the structure of the optimal production policy for such systems and show that it is determined by dynamic thresholds that depend only on the sum of the on-hand inventory level and the remaining allowance. We provide an effective approximate solution approach that can compute these thresholds efficiently while retaining their essential properties. We examine the differences between how an allowance constraint and a constraint on production capacity affect production decisions and show that they exhibit opposite effects over time. We also examine, in the context of an extended version of the problem where both the allowance amount and the production capacity are endogenous, optimal investments in allowance and production capacity and the impact of both on firm profit. We also consider the optimal demand fulfillment policy in settings where the firm can decide whether to back-order or to reject demand that cannot be satisfied from on-hand inventory.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2016.0603 .
Determination of production capacity of circulated primordial germ cells (circulated-PGCs) of KUB chicken using lysis buffer ammonium chloride potassium (ACK)
Authors: Sopiyana Soni , Supriatna Iman , Setiadi M. Agus , Fahrudin Mohamad
Published: February 2017

In poultry embryos, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are progenitor cells for gametes, which have unique migration pathway. Primordial germ cells arise from epiblast in germinal crescent and circulate through the bloodstream for a short period of time, then leave blood vessel to migrate toward gonads. The aim of this study was to determine the potential production capacity of circulated-PGCs of KUB chicken at different developmental stages of embryo using a rapid and simple method. Seventy five KUB chicken fertile eggs were divided into five groups and incubated at 38.5 0C with a humidity of 60%. Hatching was set to the embryonic development stage of 14-18. The blood was collected through dorsal aorta using micropipette under microscope. The collected blood was placed in a 1.5 ml eppendorf tube which was previously filled with 100 µl phosphate buffered saline without Ca2+ and Mg2+ (PBS-) mixed with fetal bovine serum (FBS) with a ratio of 90%:10%. The PGCs were purified using lysis buffer ammonium chloride potassium method. The results showed that average production of circulated-PGCs per embryo of KUB chicken were significantly affected by stage of embryonic development (P <0.05). The average production of circulated-PGCs at stage 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 were 37.9; 53.5; 49.8; 38.3; and 33.5 respectively. The number of circulated-PGCs was not different among stages 14, 17 nor 18. The highest number of circulated-PGCs of KUB chicken was obtained at stage 15, so that the isolation and collection of PGCs through the blood circulation was recommended in stage 15.
Key Words: KUB Chicken, PGCs, Embryonic Development Stage, Ammonium Chloride Potassium
Effectivity of BS4 enzyme complex on the performance of laying hens fed with different ingredients
Authors: Sinurat Arnold P. , Purwadaria Tresnawati , Haryati Tuti
Published: February 2017

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effectivity of an enzyme complex produced by Eupenicilium javanicum BS4 on the performance of laying hens fed with different feed ingredients. Three diets were formulated with similar nutrients (protein, ME, digestible amino acids, Ca and available P) value to meet the nutrient requirement of laying hens.  Diets were formulated based on maize, palm kernel cake (PKC) or rice bran.  The diets were either supplemented or not with BS4 enzyme complex and fed to Isa Brown pullet from 19 to 37 weeks old. Each diet was fed to 24 birds and the performances were recorded. Data were analysed statistically with 2 X 3 factorial design with six replicates. Results showed that supplementation of BS4 enzyme into laying hens diet did not influence body weight change, feed intake, mortalities, egg weight and egg shell thickness but significantly increased egg production (P<0.05) and the FCR (P<0.01) in any feedstuff tested. It also improved egg yolk colour score on diet contained 20% PKC. Laying hens fed 20% PKC produced more eggs than those fed maize or rice bran. The egg shell of laying hens fed rice bran were thicker than those fed with maize or PKC. It is concluded that BS4 enzyme complex is effective when supplemented into laying hens diet.
In vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and microbes of thin tail sheep given sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) biomass
Authors: Sudarman Asep , Hayashida M. , Miralestari M.
Published: February 2017

Sweet potato plant is produced in Indonesia in large quantities. Sweet potato leaves and stems can be used as a source of protein and the tuber can be used as an energy source. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of feeding of sweet potato biomass on the rumen fermentation characteristics, digestibility of dry matter and organic matter as well as rumen microbial population of thin tail sheep. This study used a randomized block design by applying four feed treatments, i.e., T0 (100% Napier grass), T1 (70% of Napier grass + 30% concentrate), T2 (50% of Napier grass + 50% sweet potato leaves), and T3 (70% sweet potato leaves + 30% sweet potato tuber) with three replicates. Rumen fluid samples were taken with stomach tube method using a vacuum pump.  Results showed that the T3 diet has higher (P<0.05) digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, concentration of NH3 and VFA, and rumen bacterial population than those of T0 and T1diets but similar to that of T2 diet. Rumen pH and protozoa population was not different among the treatments. It can be concluded that the use of sweet potato biomass can improve the quality of rumen fermentation of sheep.
Effect of filling rate on cystometric parameters in young and middle aged mice
Authors: K. Kim Alexandra , G. Hill Warren
Published: February 2017

Objectives: To investigate the effect of changing the bladder filling rate during cystometry in younger (2–3 months) and older (13–14 months) C57BL/6J male mice.
Methods: Cystometry was performed on mice under anesthesia. Voiding cycles were established in each mouse at a pump delivery rate of 17 µl/min. After 30 min, the rate was increased sequentially to 25, 33, 41 and 49 µl/min. Each rate was maintained for 30 min. The following cystometric parameters were quantified: peak pressure amplitude, intercontractile interval (ICI), compliance, micturition pressure threshold and voiding efficiency.
Results: Bladder weights were significantly greater in older mice (42 mg vs. 27 mg, P < 0.01), but functional capacities were not different. The pressure amplitudes did not change as filling rate increased, nor did they differ between the 4-month and 13-month-old males. ICIs were not significantly different between young and mature mice. However, both groups exhibited a non-linear reduction in ICI with increasing filling rate, best described by a power curve R2>0.93). Compliance was higher in the older mice at low filling rates (17 and 25 µl/min) but this difference diminished at higher rates. Compliance decreased with increasing flow rate in a non-linear manner, again with greater effects at low filling rates. Micturition pressure thresholds increased with increasing flow rate in a linear manner and older mice began voiding at higher pressures than younger. Both young and old mice exhibited voiding efficiencies of ~70%.
Conclusions: The rate of volume delivery has complex effects on the timing of voiding and compliance. These findings argue for greater standardization of cystometry protocols and further investigation into afferent signaling to higher centers at different filling rates.
Living the Laughscream: Human Technology and Affective Maneuvers in the Iraq War
Authors: Stone Nomi
Published: February 2017

In a new contribution to contemporary scholarship on war, I explore the epistemological and affective labors outsourced to individuals I call human technologies: populations of local wartime intermediaries and cultural role-players employed by the U.S. military as embodied repositories of Middle East knowledge. Drawing on fieldwork across the United States, this study focuses on the largely unexamined ethnographic spaces of U.S. military predeployment simulations in mock Middle Eastern villages. I focus on Iraqis who first worked for the U.S. military in Iraq as interpreters and then as role-players within predeployment simulations in the United States. Through a close examination of the wartime labors of these individuals, this study illuminates how the intrinsic contradiction in the term human technology—the turning of person into machine for a singular use, foreclosing other forms of being and becoming—plays out on the ground. I demonstrate how the ironic disjuncture between military prescriptions for authenticity and role-players’ experiences of inauthenticity generates moments of affective rupture for those hired to embody their cultures. I argue that a charged tension manifests itself in the training apparatus: on an epistemological level, even as they experience excess, role-players work to make the simulations “look good” to retain their jobs. Meanwhile, that excess manifests itself in affective overflow—in particular, one form that a role-player called “the laughscream.” I contend that such moments of affective excess create a momentary reprieve for role-players, while typically not disturbing the military structure. The role-players’ laughter existentially negates the possibility that human beings can be tools, while permitting them, in practice, to be used as tools.
Turkish counselor trainees’ experiences regarding experiential groups: A qualitative study
Authors: Pamukçu Burcu , Kağnıcı Dilek Yelda
Published: February 2017

The purpose of the study was to examine Turkish counselor trainees’ experiences in participating in an experiential training group. The phenomenological research design was used to understand counselor trainees’ experiences in experiential group. The 18 undergraduate counseling students (14 female and 4 male) enrolled in a group counseling course were the participants of the study. The data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews after the completion of twelve- week experiential counseling groups. Content analysis was used to analyze the data and according to results, three main themes emerged: a) perceptions, b) contributions and c) problems. Under the perceptions theme emotions and metaphors codes emerged. Vocational and personal contributions were two main codes emerged under the contributions theme. And under the problems theme, two codes emerged as group structure and group process. The findings were discussed in the light of the literature and recommendations for counselor educators and researchers are presented.
TOPONIMI KABUPATEN LAMONGAN (KAJIAN ANTROPOLOGI LINGUISTIK)
Authors: Camalia Mahabbatul
Published: February 2017

Place naming is a form of linkage of language, culture and thought. This study examines the process of Lamongan City naming by finding naming patterns which reflects the values ​​and beliefs. In addition, this study also seeks the structure of the mark in naming formation of Lamongan and finds acceptance of Sapir-Worf hypothesis in the process of toponymy of Lamongan. Qualitative descriptive approach and informal data presentation methods was used to process and present expected data. Toponymy of Lamongan is associated with a figure named Hadi, Sunan Giri’s student assigned to guide and lead the Lamongan community. Penamaan suatu tempat merupakan bentuk keterkaitan antara bahasa, budaya, dan pikiran. Penelitian ini berusaha mengkaji proses penamaan Kota Lamongan dengan menemukan pola pemberian nama yang merefleksikan nilai dan keyakinan yang direfeksikan pada nama tempat tersebut. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga berusaha untuk menemukan struktur tanda dalam pembentukan penamaan Kabupaten Lamongan dan menemukan keberterimaan hipotesis Sapir-Worf dalam proses toponimi Kabupaten Lamongan. Pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan metode penyajian data informal digunakan untuk mengolah dan menyajikan data yang diharapkan. Toponimi Lamongan sangat berkaitan dengan sosok yang bernama Hadi, murid Sunan Giri yang ditugaskan untuk membimbing dan memimpin masyarakat Lamongan.
New Trends in Tourism Destination Branding by Means of Digital Marketing
Authors: Parlov Natalija , Perkov Davor , Sičaja Željko
Published: February 2017

Contemporary business is largely based on digital information. Traditional media forms lose battle in a new global surrounding. Therefore, knowing specific terminology and postulates of new conditions in the digital information market is essential. Globalization is an inevitable process overtaking all economic activities, including tourism sector intertwined with various advertising activities in order to place and sell its products and services. Digital marketing is thus more and more used. In that context, world tourism organizations and national tourist agencies play a role of communicator, trying to create desired mental image of a specific country as a tourism destination in the minds of final consumers. They use branding to make one country uniquely recognizable in the market. The aim of this paper is to present new trends in tourism destination branding process by using the means of digital marketing. The main purpose of this research was to analyse marketing activities and communication strategies of European countries, perceived as the largest tourism market, and compare them with the tourism promotion of Croatia in various markets. The results of the analysis of Croatian activities in promoting its tourism destinations imply there is still a large potential to improve implementation of digital marketing means by preparing the strategy of integrated market communication. The analysis of marketing activities of tourism developed countries shows trends in digital marketing that can serve as a model for development of Croatian tourism brand in global digital surrounding.