bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Energy Budget, Albedo, and Thermal Inertia at Jezero Crater, Mars, as Observed From the Mars 2020 MEDA Instrument
Authors: Martínez G. M. , Sebastián E. , Vicente‐Retortillo A. , Smith M. D. , Johnson J. R. , Fischer E. , Savijärvi H. , Toledo D. , Hueso R. , Mora‐Sotomayor L. , Gillespie H. , Munguira A. , Sánchez‐Lavega A. , Lemmon M. T. , Gómez F. , Polkko J. , Mandon L. , Apéstigue V. , Arruego I. , Ramos M. , Conrad P. , Newman C. E. , Torre‐Juarez M. de la , Jordan F. , Tamppari L. K. , McConnochie T. H. , Harri A.‐M. , Genzer M. , Hieta M. , Zorzano M.‐P. , Siegler M. , Prieto O. , Molina A. , Rodríguez‐Manfredi J. A.
Published: January 2023

The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) on board Perseverance includes first‐of‐its‐kind sensors measuring the incident and reflected solar flux, the downwelling atmospheric IR flux, and the upwelling IR flux emitted by the surface. We use these measurements for the first 350 sols of the Mars 2020 mission (Ls ∼ 6°–174° in Martian Year 36) to determine the surface radiative budget on Mars and to calculate the broadband albedo (0.3–3 μm) as a function of the illumination and viewing geometry. Together with MEDA measurements of ground temperature, we calculate the thermal inertia for homogeneous terrains without the need for numerical thermal models. We found that (a) the observed downwelling atmospheric IR flux is significantly lower than the model predictions. This is likely caused by the strong diurnal variation in aerosol opacity measured by MEDA, which is not accounted for by numerical models. (b) The albedo presents a marked non‐Lambertian behavior, with lowest values near noon and highest values corresponding to low phase angles (i.e., Sun behind the observer). (c) Thermal inertia values ranged between 180 (sand dune) and 605 (bedrock‐dominated material) SI units. (d) Averages of albedo and thermal inertia (spatial resolution of ∼3–4 m2) along Perseverance's traverse are in very good agreement with collocated retrievals of thermal inertia from Thermal Emission Imaging System (spatial resolution of 100 m per pixel) and of bolometric albedo in the 0.25–2.9 μm range from (spatial resolution of ∼300 km2). The results presented here are important to validate model predictions and provide ground‐truth to orbital measurements.
Effects of Tectonic Quiescence Between Orogeny and Rifting
Authors: Salazar‐Mora Claudio Alejandro , Sacek Victor
Published: January 2023

Tectonic quiescence is a period of nearly null relative plate motion. During the Atlantic Ocean opening, rifting cut across continental segments of supercontinent Pangea that had been through different periods of quiescence, which varied from tens to hundreds of Myr. Using numerical models, we explored the effects of quiescence between orogeny and rifting on the pre‐rift lithosphere and subsequent conjugate rifted margin configuration. Our model results showed that quiescence of ∼30–60 Myr caused wide orogenic wedges (>300 km) to be heated beneath their centers, which led to the breakup of the lithospheric mantle before the breakup of the continental crust during rifting, resulting in hyperextended conjugate rifted margins. In these scenarios, continental lithosphere breakup away from the suture contributed to the preservation of previously subducted lower crust along the subduction zone. Long periods of tectonic quiescence (∼100 Myr) experienced by a wide orogen permitted efficient orogenic collapse and lateral spreading, with pronounced lithospheric thermal weakening. Consequently, post‐quiescence rifting reactivated the suture and effectively drove plate eduction, exhuming most of the subducted continental lower crust and mantle lithosphere. Ultimately, ultra‐wide domains developed into asymmetric conjugate margins. Contrastingly, in narrow orogenic wedges (<200 km), different quiescence durations had minor effects on the margin architecture. In these cases, a longer quiescence time contributed to a larger preservation of subducted crust in the fossil subduction zone after rifting. Our models agree with conjugate rifted margins in the North and South Atlantic, which probably developed after the collapse of wide orogens and subsequent periods of tectonic quiescence.
Turbulent Coherent Flow Structures to Predict the Behavior of Particles With Low to Intermediate Stokes Number Between Submerged Obstacles in Streams
Authors: You Hojung , Tinoco Rafael O.
Published: January 2023

Underwater obstacles are identified as local hotspots of various particulate matters in streams. As the transport of particles is dependent on surrounding flow, we expect that flow structures created in the vicinity of obstacles provide a favorable condition for high particle concentration. We quantify the particle behaviors at small to intermediate range of Stokes number as they move past two obstacles forming a gap of varying length, based on three indices: the ratio of particles entering the gap, the time span between entry and exit of particles, and the integral time scale of flow. We performed laboratory experiments in a recirculating racetrack flume using quantitative imaging, particle image velocimetry to obtain flow velocity fields, and particle tracking velocimetry to track full trajectory of particles. As the gap length increases, the interaction between inner and outer flows of the gap increases, which is followed by an increase of the ratio of particles entering the gap and a decrease of the time span of particles and the integral time scale. Noticeably, indices converged when the gap length reached a critical value and recirculating flow structures were fully developed in between the gap, which indicates that the transport of particles with small to intermediate Stokes number (St = 0.1–0.5) is related to the large‐scale flow motions. Understanding these patterns allow us to select specific zones to sample and monitor both organic (seeds, eggs, and larvae of endemic aquatic species), and inorganic (sediment and microplastics) particles for better management of aquatic environments.
SIRT5-related desuccinylation modification of AIFM1 protects against compression-induced intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis
Authors: Mao Jianxin , Wang Di , Wang Dong , Wu Qi , Shang Qiliang , Gao Chu , Wang Huanbo , Wang Han , Du Mu , Peng Pandi , Jia Haoruo , Xu Xiaolong , Wang Jie , Yang Liu , Luo Zhuojing
Published: January 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role in the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) participates in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis through its desuccinylase activity. However, it is still unclear whether succinylation or SIRT5 is involved in the impairment of mitochondria and development of IDD induced by excessive mechanical stress. Our 4D label-free quantitative proteomic results showed decreased expression of the desuccinylase SIRT5 in rat nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues under mechanical loading. Overexpression of Sirt5 effectively alleviated, whereas knockdown of Sirt5 aggravated, the apoptosis and dysfunction of NP cells under mechanical stress, consistent with the more severe IDD phenotype of Sirt5 KO mice than wild-type mice that underwent lumbar spine instability (LSI) surgery. Moreover, immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry (IP-MS) results suggested that AIFM1 was a downstream target of SIRT5, which was verified by a Co-IP assay. We further demonstrated that reduced SIRT5 expression resulted in the increased succinylation of AIFM1, which in turn abolished the interaction between AIFM1 and CHCHD4 and thus led to the reduced electron transfer chain (ETC) complex subunits in NP cells. Reduced ETC complex subunits resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and the subsequent occurrence of IDD under mechanical stress. Finally, we validated the efficacy of treatments targeting disrupted mitochondrial protein importation by upregulating SIRT5 expression or methylene blue (MB) administration in the compression-induced rat IDD model. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into the occurrence and development of IDD and offers promising therapeutic approaches for IDD.
HDAC7/c-Myc signaling pathway promotes the proliferation and metastasis of choroidal melanoma cells
Authors: Zhang Yimeng , Ding Peng , Wang Yuanyong , Shao Changjian , Guo Kai , Yang Hanyi , Feng Yingtong , Ning Jiayi , Pan Minghong , Wang Ping , Yan Xiaolong , Ma Zhiqiang , Han Jing
Published: January 2023

Choroidal melanoma (CM) is the most common type of diagnosed uveal melanoma (UM), which is prone to metastasis and exhibits a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying CM progression need further elucidation to research effective therapeutic strategies. Histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) is very important in regulating cancer progression, but the significance and effect of HDAC7 on CM progression are unclear. In the present study, we found that HDAC7 is overexpressed in CM tissues versus normal tissues. We built HDAC7 overexpressing CM cell lines to study the functions of HDAC7 in CM progression and verified that upregulation of HDAC7 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of CM cells, while pharmacological inhibition of HDAC7 suppressed both the proliferation and metastasis of CM cells. Furthermore, we found that the aforementioned cancer-promoting effect of HDAC7 was mediated by c-Myc. Targeted inhibition of c-Myc inhibited CM progression by interfering with the HDAC7/c-Myc signaling pathway. Our study highlighted the function of targeting the HDAC7/c-Myc signaling pathway to intervene in the pathological process of CM, which provides potential therapeutic strategies for CM treatment.
Crosstalk between G-quadruplex and ROS
Authors: Wu Songjiang , Jiang Ling , Lei Li , Fu Chuhan , Huang Jinhua , Hu Yibo , Dong Yumeng , Chen Jing , Zeng Qinghai
Published: January 2023

The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to single nucleic acid base damage, DNA strand breakage, inter- and intra-strand cross-linking of nucleic acids, and protein-DNA cross-linking involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging. G-quadruplex (G4) is a stacked nucleic acid structure that is ubiquitous across regulatory regions of multiple genes. Abnormal formation and destruction of G4s due to multiple factors, including cations, helicases, transcription factors (TFs), G4-binding proteins, and epigenetic modifications, affect gene replication, transcription, translation, and epigenetic regulation. Due to the lower redox potential of G-rich sequences and unique structural characteristics, G4s are highly susceptible to oxidative damage. Additionally, the formation, stability, and biological regulatory role of G4s are affected by ROS. G4s are involved in regulating gene transcription, translation, and telomere length maintenance, and are therefore key players in age-related degeneration. Furthermore, G4s also mediate the antioxidant process by forming stress granules and activating Nrf2, which is suggestive of their involvement in developing ROS-related diseases. In this review, we have summarized the crosstalk between ROS and G4s, and the possible regulatory mechanisms through which G4s play roles in aging and age-related diseases.
Dynamic chromatin landscape encodes programs for perinatal transition of cardiomyocytes
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ouyang Zhaohui , Xia Limei , Wang Qi , Zheng Feng , Xu Kun , Xing Yuexian , Wei Ke , Shi Shaolin , Li Chaojun , Yang Jingping
Published: January 2023

The perinatal period occurring immediately before and after birth is critical for cardiomyocytes because they must change rapidly to accommodate the switch from fetal to neonatal circulation after birth. This transition is a well-orchestrated process, and any perturbation leads to unhealthy cardiomyocytes and heart disease. Despite its importance, little is known about how this transition is regulated and controlled. Here, by mapping the genome-wide chromatin accessibility, transcription-centered long-range chromatin interactions and gene expression in cardiomyocytes undergoing perinatal transition, we discovered two key transcription factors, MEF2 and AP1, that are crucial for driving the phenotypic changes within the perinatal window. Thousands of dynamic regulatory elements were found in perinatal cardiomyocytes and we show these elements mediated the transcriptional reprogramming through an elegant chromatin high-order architecture. We recompiled transcriptional program of induced stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes according to our discovered network, and they showed adult cardiomyocyte-like electrophysiological expression. Our work provides a comprehensive regulatory resource of cardiomyocytes perinatal reprogramming, and aids the gap-filling of cardiac translational research.
Evaluation of standard-of-care intravitreal aflibercept treatment practices in patients with diabetic macular oedema in the UK: DRAKO study outcomes
Authors: Sivaprasad Sobha , Ghanchi Faruque , Kelly Simon P. , Kotagiri Ajay , Talks James , Scanlon Peter , McGoey Hellen , Nolan Andrew , Saddiq Moneeb , Napier Jackie , Morgan-Warren Peter
Published: January 2023

Background/Objectives

DRAKO (NCT02850263) was a 24-month, prospective, non-interventional, multi-centre cohort study enrolling patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) including central involvement. The study evaluated UK standard-of-care intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) treatment. This analysis describes the treatment pathway and service provision for the anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment-naïve (C1) and non-naïve patients (C2) who received prior anti-VEGF treatment for DMO other than IVT-AFL.

Methods

Mean changes in best-corrected visual acuity and central subfield thickness were measured and stratified by baseline factors, including ethnicity and administration of five initial monthly injections within predefined windows. Clinic visits were classified as treatment only (T1), monitoring assessment only (T2), combined visits (T3) or post-injection visits with no treatment or assessment (T4).

Results

Median time from decision to treat to treatment was 6 days. As a percentage of total visits, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 7%, 42%, 48% and 3% for C1 and 11%, 39%, 48% and 2% for C2. Most IVT-AFL injections were administered by healthcare professionals (HCPs) other than doctors (C1, 57.4%; C2, 58.5%). The percentage of treatments associated with a procedure-related adverse event where at least 75% of injections were completed by the same injector role were similar for doctors and other HCPs (C1, 1.1% and 0.8%; C2, 0.7%, and 1.0%).

Conclusions

Results indicate that upon DMO diagnosis, patients were treated promptly, and most visits were combined (treatment and assessment) or monitoring only. Most IVT-AFL was administered by non-physicians with a similar treatment-related safety profile as IVT-AFL administered by physicians.
An integrated Mg battery-powered iontophoresis patch for efficient and controllable transdermal drug delivery
Authors: Zhou Yan , Jia Xiaoteng , Pang Daxin , Jiang Shan , Zhu Meihua , Lu Geyu , Tian Yaping , Wang Caiyun , Chao Danming , Wallace Gordon
Published: January 2023

Wearable transdermal iontophoresis eliminating the need for external power sources offers advantages for patient-comfort when deploying epidermal diseases treatments. However, current self-powered iontophoresis based on energy harvesters is limited to support efficient therapeutic administration over the long-term operation, owing to the low and inconsistent energy supply. Here we propose a simplified wearable iontophoresis patch with a built-in Mg battery for efficient and controllable transdermal delivery. This system decreases the system complexity and form factors by using viologen-based hydrogels as an integrated drug reservoir and cathode material, eliminating the conventional interface impedance between the electrode and drug reservoir. The redox-active polyelectrolyte hydrogel offers a high energy density of 3.57 mWh cm−2, and an optimal bioelectronic interface with ultra-soft nature and low tissue-interface impedance. The delivery dosage can be readily manipulated by tuning the viologen hydrogel and the iontophoresis stimulation mode. This iontophoresis patch demonstrates an effective treatment of an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse. Considering the advantages of being a reliable and efficient energy supply, simplified configuration, and optimal electrical skin-device interface, this battery-powered iontophoresis may provide a new non-invasive treatment for chronic epidermal diseases.
Extending the data collection from a clinical trial: The Extended Salford Lung Study research cohort
Authors: Meeraus Wilhelmine , Fu Qinggong , Mu George , Fry Mark , Frith Lucy , Pimenta Jeanne M.
Published: January 2023

The Extended Salford Lung Study (Ext-SLS) is an extension of the Salford Lung Studies (SLS) in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through retrospective and prospective collection of patient-level electronic health record (EHR) data. We compared the Ext-SLS cohort with the SLS intention-to-treat populations using descriptive analyses to determine if the strengths (e.g. randomization) of the clinical trial were maintained in the new cohort. Historical and patient-reported outcome data were captured from asthma-/COPD-specific questionnaires (e.g., Asthma Control Test [ACT]/COPD Assessment Test [CAT]). The Ext-SLS included 1147 participants (n = 798, SLS asthma; n = 349, SLS COPD). Of participants answering the ACT, 39% scored <20, suggesting poorly controlled asthma. For COPD, 61% of participants answering the CAT scored ≥21, demonstrating a high disease burden. Demographic/clinical characteristics of the cohorts were similar at SLS baseline. EHR data provided a long-term view of participants’ disease, and questionnaires provided information not typically captured. The Ext-SLS cohort is a valuable resource for respiratory research, and ongoing prospective data collection will add further value and ensure the Ext-SLS is an important source of patient-level information on obstructive airways disease.
Mono- and biallelic variant effects on disease at biobank scale
Authors: Heyne H. O. , Karjalainen J. , Karczewski K. J. , Lemmelä S. M. , Zhou W. ,   FinnGen, Havulinna A. S. , Kurki M. , Rehm H. L. , Palotie A. , Daly M. J.
Published: January 2023

Identifying causal factors for Mendelian and common diseases is an ongoing challenge in medical genetics1. Population bottleneck events, such as those that occurred in the history of the Finnish population, enrich some homozygous variants to higher frequencies, which facilitates the identification of variants that cause diseases with recessive inheritance2,3. Here we examine the homozygous and heterozygous effects of 44,370 coding variants on 2,444 disease phenotypes using data from the nationwide electronic health records of 176,899 Finnish individuals. We find associations for homozygous genotypes across a broad spectrum of phenotypes, including known associations with retinal dystrophy and novel associations with adult-onset cataract and female infertility. Of the recessive disease associations that we identify, 13 out of 20 would have been missed by the additive model that is typically used in genome-wide association studies. We use these results to find many known Mendelian variants whose inheritance cannot be adequately described by a conventional definition of dominant or recessive. In particular, we find variants that are known to cause diseases with recessive inheritance with significant heterozygous phenotypic effects. Similarly, we find presumed benign variants with disease effects. Our results show how biobanks, particularly in founder populations, can broaden our understanding of complex dosage effects of Mendelian variants on disease.
Octupole-driven magnetoresistance in an antiferromagnetic tunnel junction
Authors: Chen Xianzhe , Higo Tomoya , Tanaka Katsuhiro , Nomoto Takuya , Tsai Hanshen , Idzuchi Hiroshi , Shiga Masanobu , Sakamoto Shoya , Ando Ryoya , Kosaki Hidetoshi , Matsuo Takumi , Nishio-Hamane Daisuke , Arita Ryotaro , Miwa Shinji , Nakatsuji Satoru
Published: January 2023

The tunnelling electric current passing through a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is strongly dependent on the relative orientation of magnetizations in ferromagnetic electrodes sandwiching an insulating barrier, rendering efficient readout of spintronics devices1–5. Thus, tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) is considered to be proportional to spin polarization at the interface1 and, to date, has been studied primarily in ferromagnets. Here we report observation of TMR in an all-antiferromagnetic tunnel junction consisting of Mn3Sn/MgO/Mn3Sn (ref. 6). We measured a TMR ratio of around 2% at room temperature, which arises between the parallel and antiparallel configurations of the cluster magnetic octupoles in the chiral antiferromagnetic state. Moreover, we carried out measurements using a Fe/MgO/Mn3Sn MTJ and show that the sign and direction of anisotropic longitudinal spin-polarized current in the antiferromagnet7 can be controlled by octupole direction. Strikingly, the TMR ratio (about 2%) of the all-antiferromagnetic MTJ is much larger than that estimated using the observed spin polarization. Theoretically, we found that the chiral antiferromagnetic MTJ may produce a substantially large TMR ratio as a result of the time-reversal, symmetry-breaking polarization characteristic of cluster magnetic octupoles. Our work lays the foundation for the development of ultrafast and efficient spintronic devices using antiferromagnets8–10.
The person-to-person transmission landscape of the gut and oral microbiomes
Authors: Valles-Colomer Mireia , Blanco-Míguez Aitor , Manghi Paolo , Asnicar Francesco , Dubois Leonard , Golzato Davide , Armanini Federica , Cumbo Fabio , Huang Kun D. , Manara Serena , Masetti Giulia , Pinto Federica , Piperni Elisa , Punčochář Michal , Ricci Liviana , Zolfo Moreno , Farrant Olivia , Goncalves Adriana , Selma-Royo Marta , Binetti Ana G. , Becerra Jimmy E. , Han Bei , Lusingu John , Amuasi John , Amoroso Loredana , Visconti Alessia , Steves Claire M. , Falchi Mario , Filosi Michele , Tett Adrian , Last Anna , Xu Qian , Qin Nan , Qin Huanlong , May Jürgen , Eibach Daniel , Corrias Maria Valeria , Ponzoni Mirco , Pasolli Edoardo , Spector Tim D. , Domenici Enrico , Collado Maria Carmen , Segata Nicola
Published: January 2023

The human microbiome is an integral component of the human body and a co-determinant of several health conditions1,2. However, the extent to which interpersonal relations shape the individual genetic makeup of the microbiome and its transmission within and across populations remains largely unknown3,4. Here, capitalizing on more than 9,700 human metagenomes and computational strain-level profiling, we detected extensive bacterial strain sharing across individuals (more than 10 million instances) with distinct mother-to-infant, intra-household and intra-population transmission patterns. Mother-to-infant gut microbiome transmission was considerable and stable during infancy (around 50% of the same strains among shared species (strain-sharing rate)) and remained detectable at older ages. By contrast, the transmission of the oral microbiome occurred largely horizontally and was enhanced by the duration of cohabitation. There was substantial strain sharing among cohabiting individuals, with 12% and 32% median strain-sharing rates for the gut and oral microbiomes, and time since cohabitation affected strain sharing more than age or genetics did. Bacterial strain sharing additionally recapitulated host population structures better than species-level profiles did. Finally, distinct taxa appeared as efficient spreaders across transmission modes and were associated with different predicted bacterial phenotypes linked with out-of-host survival capabilities. The extent of microorganism transmission that we describe underscores its relevance in human microbiome studies5, especially those on non-infectious, microbiome-associated diseases.
Modeling clinical and non-clinical determinants of intrapartum stillbirths in singletons in six public hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana: a case–control study
Authors: Vanotoo Linda , Dwomoh Duah , Laar Amos , Kotoh Agnes Millicent , Adanu Richard
Published: January 2023

The Greater Accra Region (GAR) of Ghana records 2000 stillbirths annually and 40% of them occur intrapartum. An understanding of the contributing factors will facilitate the development of preventive strategies to reduce the huge numbers of intrapartum stillbirths. This study identified determinants of intrapartum stillbirths in GAR. A retrospective 1:2 unmatched case–control study was conducted in six public hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to quantify the effect of exposures on intrapartum stillbirth. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and the Brier scores were used to screen potential risk factors and assess the predictive performance of the regression models. The following maternal factors increased the odds of intrapartum stillbirths: pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) [adjusted Odds Ratio; aOR = 3.72, 95% CI:1.71–8.10,p < 0.001]; antepartum haemorrhage (APH) [aOR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.33–8.10,p < 0.05] and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) [aOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.20–9.40,p < 0.05]. Improved management of PIH, APH, PROM, and preterm delivery will reduce intrapartum stillbirth. Hospitals should improve on the quality of monitoring women during labor. Auditing of intrapartum stillbirths should be mandatory for all hospitals and Ghana Health Service should include fetal autopsy in stillbirth auditing to identify other causes of fetal deaths. Interventions to reduce intrapartum stillbirth must combine maternal, fetal and service delivery factors to make them effective.
Features from the photoplethysmogram and the electrocardiogram for estimating changes in blood pressure
Authors: Finnegan Eoin , Davidson Shaun , Harford Mirae , Watkinson Peter , Tarassenko Lionel , Villarroel Mauricio
Published: January 2023

There is a growing emphasis being placed on the potential for cuffless blood pressure (BP) estimation through modelling of morphological features from the photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG). However, the appropriate features and models to use remain unclear. We investigated the best features available from the PPG and ECG for BP estimation using both linear and non-linear machine learning models. We conducted a clinical study in which changes in BP ($$\Delta$$ΔBP) were induced by an infusion of phenylephrine in 30 healthy volunteers (53.8% female, 28.0 (9.0) years old). We extracted a large and diverse set of features from both the PPG and the ECG and assessed their individual importance for estimating$$\Delta$$ΔBP through Shapley additive explanation values and a ranking coefficient. We trained, tuned, and evaluated linear (ordinary least squares, OLS) and non-linear (random forest, RF) machine learning models to estimate$$\Delta$$ΔBP in a nested leave-one-subject-out cross-validation framework. We reported the results as correlation coefficient ($$\rho _p$$ρp), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The non-linear RF model significantly ($$p<0.05$$p<0.05) outperformed the linear OLS model using both the PPG and the ECG signals across all performance metrics. Estimating$$\Delta$$ΔSBP using the PPG alone ($$\rho _p$$ρp= 0.86 (0.23), RMSE = 5.66 (4.76) mmHg, MAE = 4.86 (4.29) mmHg) performed significantly better than using the ECG alone ($$\rho _p$$ρp= 0.69 (0.45), RMSE = 6.79 (4.76) mmHg, MAE = 5.28 (4.57) mmHg), all$$p < 0.001$$p<0.001. The highest ranking features from the PPG largely modelled increasing reflected wave interference driven by changes in arterial stiffness. This finding was supported by changes observed in the PPG waveform in response to the phenylephrine infusion. However, a large number of features were required for accurate BP estimation, highlighting the high complexity of the problem. We conclude that the PPG alone may be further explored as a potential single source, cuffless, blood pressure estimator. The use of the ECG alone is not justified. Non-linear models may perform better as they are able to incorporate interactions between feature values and demographics. However, demographics may not adequately account for the unique and individualised relationship between the extracted features and BP.
Peatland groundwater level in the Indonesian maritime continent as an alert for El Niño and moderate positive Indian Ocean dipole events
Authors: Sulaiman Albertus , Osaki Mitsuru , Takahashi Hidenori , Yamanaka Manabu D. , Susanto Raden Dwi , Shimada Sawahiko , Kimura Keiji , Hirano Takashi , Wetadewi Rahmawati Ihsani , Sisva Silsigia , Kato Tsuyoshi , Kozan Osamu , Kubo Hideyuki , Awaluddin Awaluddin , Tsuji Nobuyuki
Published: January 2023

In general, it is known that extreme climatic conditions such as El Niño and positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD+) cause prolonged drought in Indonesia's tropical peatlands so that groundwater levels (GWL) drop and peat is prone to fire. However, 27 years of GWL measurements in Central Kalimantan peat forests show the opposite condition, where the lowest GWL occurs several weeks before El Niño and after IOD+ reaches its peaks. We show that the dropped sea surface temperature anomaly induced by anomalously easterly winds along the southern Java-Sumatra occurs several weeks before the GWL drop to the lowest value. Local rainfall decreased, and GWL dropped sharply by 1.0 to 1.5 m, during the super El Niño events in 1997/98 and 2015, as well as remarkable events of IOD+ in 2019. It is suggested that the tropical peatland ecohydrological system (represented by the GWL), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and IOD+ are teleconnected. Hence, monitoring GWL variability of peatland over the IMC is a possibility an alert for extreme climate events associated with El Niño and/or moderate IOD+.
Unobtrusive occupancy and vital signs sensing for human building interactive systems
Authors: Song Chenyan , Droitcour Amy D. , Islam Shekh M. M. , Whitworth Avon , Lubecke Victor M. , Boric-Lubecke Olga
Published: January 2023

Cognitive buildings use data on how occupants respond to the built environment to proactively make occupant-centric adjustments to lighting, temperature, ventilation, and other environmental parameters. However, sensors that unobtrusively and ubiquitously measure occupant responses are lacking. Here we show that Doppler-radar based sensors, which can sense small physiological motions, provide accurate occupancy detection and estimation of vital signs in challenging, realistic circumstances. Occupancy was differentiated from an empty room over 93% of the time in a 3.4 m × 8.5 m conference room with a single sensor in both wall and ceiling-mounted configurations. Occupancy was successfully detected while an occupant was under the table, visibly blocked from the sensor, a scenario where infrared, ultrasound, and video-based occupancy sensors would fail. Heart and respiratory rates were detected in all seats in the conference room with a single ceiling-mounted sensor. The occupancy sensor can be used to control HVAC and lighting with a short, 1–2 min delay and to provide information for space utilization optimization. Heart and respiratory rate sensing could provide additional feedback to future human-building interactive systems that use vital signs to determine how occupant comfort and wellness is changing with time.
Characterisation of a single photon event camera for quantum imaging
Authors: Vidyapin Victor , Zhang Yingwen , England Duncan , Sussman Benjamin
Published: January 2023

We show a simple yet effective method that can be used to characterize the per pixel quantum efficiency and temporal resolution of a single photon event camera for quantum imaging applications. Utilizing photon pairs generated through spontaneous parametric down-conversion, the detection efficiency of each pixel, and the temporal resolution of the system, are extracted through coincidence measurements. We use this method to evaluate the TPX3CAM, with appended image intensifier, and measure an average efficiency of $$7.4\pm 2$$

7.4
±
2

% and a temporal resolution of 7.3 ns. Furthermore, this technique reveals important error mechanisms that can occur in post-processing. We expect that this technique, and elements therein, will be useful to characterise other quantum imaging systems.
Effect of substituting hydroponic barley forage with or without enzymes on performance of growing rabbits
Authors: Abdel-Wareth Ahmed A. A. , Mohamed Esraa M. H. , Hassan Hamdy A. , Eldeek Ahmed A. , Lohakare Jayant
Published: January 2023

This study aims to evaluate the effect of hydroponic barley (HB) by substituting control diet with 25% HB with or without enzymes on rabbit performance, nutrient digestibility, and economic efficiency. A total number of 60 growing male HyPlus rabbits (average body weight 669 ± 12 g, 30 days of age) were utilized in the present study. The rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 20 rabbits per group). The first group served as a control (C). The other two groups were fed the control diet substituted with 25% hydroponic barley HB (group CHB), and the control diet substituted with 25% HB added with 0.5 g/kg enzymes (CHBE). The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results revealed that daily body weight gain improved (P < 0.05) by 18.64% and 23.94%, and feed conversion ratio improved by 3.74% and 17.91% than control, respectively, during 30–86 days of age in CHB and CHBE groups. The economic efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) by 32.17% and 39.60% in CHB and CHBE diets, respectively, compared to control; and nutrient digestibility, and mineral retention of growing rabbits were also improved (P < 0.05) by substituting HB with or without enzymes compared to control diet. Overall, the best rabbit performances were observed in both CHB and CHBE groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that substituting 25% of concentrated control diet by hydroponic barley with or without enzymes have positive effects in a sustainable way on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and economic efficiency of growing rabbits.
Comparison of cardiovascular biomarker expression in extracellular vesicles, plasma and carotid plaque for the prediction of MACE in CEA patients
Authors: Verwer Maarten C. , Mekke Joost , Timmerman Nathalie , Waissi Farahnaz , Boltjes Arjan , Pasterkamp Gerard , de Borst Gert J. , de Kleijn Dominique P. V.
Published: January 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a novel biomarker source for diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular disease. A protein comparison of plasma EVs in relation to blood plasma and atherosclerotic plaque has not been performed but would provide insight into the origin and content of biomarker sources and their association with atherosclerotic progression. Using samples of 88 carotid endarterectomy patients in the Athero-Express, 92 proteins (Olink Cardiovascular III panel) were measured in citrate plasma, plasma derived LDL-EVs and atherosclerotic plaque. Proteins were correlated between sources and were related to pre-operative stroke and 3-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Plasma and EV proteins correlated moderately on average, but with substantial variability. Both showed little correlation with plaque, suggesting that these circulating biomarkers may not originate from the latter. Plaque (n = 17) contained most differentially-expressed proteins in patients with stroke, opposed to EVs (n = 6) and plasma (n = 5). In contrast, EVs contained most differentially-expressed proteins for MACE (n = 21) compared to plasma (n = 9) and plaque (n = 1). EVs appear to provide additional information about severity and progression of systemic atherosclerosis than can be obtained from plasma or atherosclerotic plaque.
Sustainable education and youth confidence as pillars of future civil society
Authors: Biancardi Alberto , Colasante Annarita , D’Adamo Idiano
Published: January 2023

While sustainability is at the centre of many government agendas, there is a great risk of entrusting strategic decisions to those lacking in sustainability expertise. It is therefore necessary to ensure that universities are the green engines of sustainable communities. The present study administered a questionnaire to students enrolled in a Management Engineering programme at an Italian university, to collect their perceptions of and opinions on sustainability and energy issues. Students completed the questionnaire twice: once prior to beginning and once at the end of term. The results showed that students held more sustainable attitudes at the end of term, and perceived sustainable education and youth confidence as the building blocks of future society. They also observed that decarbonisation of the Italian energy system and national energy independence would require the significant development of renewable systems and interventions to promote energy efficiency. In addition, they recognised subsidies for green production, energy communities, differentiated waste collection and professional skills training as crucial. The sustainable university should support younger generations by encouraging student engagement in real-world projects and the development of long-term, structured teacher–student relationships.
Study on the failure law of surrounding rock in inclined coal seam with gob side entry
Authors: Wu Hao , Li Qingfeng , Zhu Chuanqu , He Liao
Published: January 2023

Aiming at the problem of stability control of surrounding rock in the process of upward mining of inclined coal seam gob-side entry retaining, the gob-side entry retaining of 5449 working face in Beipingdong coal mine is taken as the research background. Based on the study of theoretical model of gob-side entry retaining, the law of overburden movement and surrounding rock deformation in the process of gob-side entry retaining is obtained through similar simulation experiment and numerical simulation analysis, and the optimal optimization scheme of supporting structure is put forward. The main research results are as follows: in the process of coal seam mining, the center of gravity of the overlying strata on the whole working face will shift to the side of the goaf, and the supporting structure composed of roadside filling body and bolt effectively inhibits the deformation of the roadway, in which the roadside filling body plays a key role; the top bolt bears greater stress than the side bolt in the process of mining, so the top bolt mainly maintains the stability of the roadway, and the side bolt plays the role of strengthening the side and preventing the extrusion. The width of the roadside filling body should be about 2.5 m, and the plastic failure range can be well controlled under this width.
A hybrid deep learning framework for air quality prediction with spatial autocorrelation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhao Zixi , Wu Jinran , Cai Fengjing , Zhang Shaotong , Wang You-Gan
Published: January 2023

China implemented a strict lockdown policy to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the worst-affected regions, including Wuhan and Shanghai. This study aims to investigate impact of these lockdowns on air quality index (AQI) using a deep learning framework. In addition to historical pollutant concentrations and meteorological factors, we incorporate social and spatio-temporal influences in the framework. In particular, spatial autocorrelation (SAC), which combines temporal autocorrelation with spatial correlation, is adopted to reflect the influence of neighbouring cities and historical data. Our deep learning analysis obtained the estimates of the lockdown effects as − 25.88 in Wuhan and − 20.47 in Shanghai. The corresponding prediction errors are reduced by about 47% for Wuhan and by 67% for Shanghai, which enables much more reliable AQI forecasts for both cities.
Acclimatization of a coral-dinoflagellate mutualism at a CO2 vent
Authors: Prada Fiorella , Franzellitti Silvia , Caroselli Erik , Cohen Itay , Marini Mauro , Campanelli Alessandra , Sana Lorenzo , Mancuso Arianna , Marchini Chiara , Puglisi Alessia , Candela Marco , Mass Tali , Tassi Franco , LaJeunesse Todd C. , Dubinsky Zvy , Falini Giuseppe , Goffredo Stefano
Published: January 2023

Ocean acidification caused by shifts in ocean carbonate chemistry resulting from increased atmospheric CO2concentrations is threatening many calcifying organisms, including corals. Here we assessed autotrophy vs heterotrophy shifts in the Mediterranean zooxanthellate scleractinian coralBalanophyllia europaeaacclimatized to low pH/high pCO2conditions at a CO2vent off Panarea Island (Italy). Dinoflagellate endosymbiont densities were higher at lowest pH Sites where changes in the distribution of distinct haplotypes of a host-specific symbiont species, Philozoon balanophyllum,were observed. An increase in symbiont C/N ratios was observed at low pH, likely as a result of increased C fixation by higher symbiont cell densities. δ13C values of the symbionts and host tissue reached similar values at the lowest pH Site, suggesting an increased influence of autotrophy with increasing acidification. Host tissue δ15N values of 0‰ strongly suggest that diazotroph N2fixation is occurring within the coral tissue/mucus at the low pH Sites, likely explaining the decrease in host tissue C/N ratios with acidification. Overall, our findings show an acclimatization of this coral-dinoflagellate mutualism through trophic adjustment and symbiont haplotype differences with increasing acidification, highlighting that some corals are capable of acclimatizing to ocean acidification predicted under end-of-century scenarios.
Early human impact on lake cyanobacteria revealed by a Holocene record of sedimentary ancient DNA
Authors: Nwosu Ebuka Canisius , Brauer Achim , Monchamp Marie-Eve , Pinkerneil Sylvia , Bartholomäus Alexander , Theuerkauf Martin , Schmidt Jens-Peter , Stoof-Leichsenring Kathleen R. , Wietelmann Theresa , Kaiser Jerome , Wagner Dirk , Liebner Susanne
Published: January 2023

Sedimentary DNA-based studies revealed the effects of human activity on lake cyanobacteria communities over the last centuries, yet we continue to lack information over longer timescales. Here, we apply high-resolution molecular analyses on sedimentary ancient DNA to reconstruct the history of cyanobacteria throughout the Holocene in a lake in north-eastern Germany. We find a substantial increase in cyanobacteria abundance coinciding with deforestation during the early Bronze Age around 4000 years ago, suggesting increased nutrient supply to the lake by local communities settling on the lakeshore. The next substantial human-driven increase in cyanobacteria abundance occurred only about a century ago due to intensified agricultural fertilisation which caused the dominance of potentially toxic taxa (e.g., Aphanizomenon). Our study provides evidence that humans began to locally impact lake ecology much earlier than previously assumed. Consequently, managing aquatic systems today requires awareness of the legacy of human influence dating back potentially several millennia.
Promoters vs. telomeres: AP-endonuclease 1 interactions with abasic sites in G-quadruplex folds depend on topology
Authors: Howpay Manage Shereen A. , Zhu Judy , Fleming Aaron M. , Burrows Cynthia J.
Published: January 2023

APE1 complexed with an abasic site in G-quadruplex (G4) topologies displays differences in binding constants, enzyme cleavage yields, and gene regulation. APE1 tightly binds parallel G4s to regulate transcription that is not found with hybrid G4s.
Adenine selected hydrogelation of vitamin B2 with amplified circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Fan Huahua , Du Sifan , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua
Published: January 2023

Co-assembly of vitamin B2 and five nucleobases with selected recognitionviathe formation of a hydrogel and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is reported.
Defect engineering of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets boosting super Zn2+ storage from polyaniline intercalation
Authors: Sun Rui , Dong Siyang , Yang Jiekai , Xiong Jing , Wang Caihong , Lu Shengjun , Zhang Yufei , Fan Haosen
Published: January 2023

Layer structured MoS2 with intercalation of polyaniline and crystal defects was prepared, which delivers high reversible capacity and excellent cycle stability, including 77.8 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 and near 100% retention rate after 750 cycles.
Catalysts informatics: paradigm shift towards data-driven catalyst design
Authors: Takahashi Keisuke , Ohyama Junya , Nishimura Shun , Fujima Jun , Takahashi Lauren , Uno Takeaki , Taniike Toshiaki
Published: January 2023

This work summarizes how catalysts informatics plays a role in catalyst design.
In situdetection of miRNA-21 in MCF-7 cell-derived extracellular vesicles using the red blood cell membrane vesicle strategy
Authors: Wu Di , Zhang Wenyue , Li Tao , Li Fen , Feng Qingfang , Cheng Xiao , Guo Yingshu
Published: January 2023

We propose an innovative strategy of membrane fusion between red blood cell membrane vesicles (RVs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) to deliver fluorescence detection probes without damaging the membrane vesicle structure of EVs.
B(C6F5)3-catalyzed cyclopropanation of 3-alkenyl-oxindoles with diazomethanes
Authors: Xiao Lei , Jin Lvnan , Zhao Yunbo , Guo Jing , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: January 2023

B(C6F5)3 catalyzed cyclopropanation of 3-alkenyl-oxindoles with diazomethanes to form 25 spirocyclopropane-oxindole derivatives in good to excellent yields (up to 99%) and high diastereoselectivities (up to 20 : 1 d.r.) under mild reaction conditions.
Cobalt tris(4-vinylphenyl)corrole: out of the frying pan into the polymer
Authors: Desbois Nicolas , Osterloh W. Ryan , Sabat Dimitri , Monot Camille , Brandès Stéphane , Meyer Michel , Chaar Capucine , Hespel Louise , Lebrun Laurent , Baati Rachid , Estour François , Gros Claude P.
Published: January 2023

A novel cobalt corrole bearing 4-vinylphenyl groups at the 5,10,15-meso-positions of the macrocycle has been synthesized from tris(4-bromophenyl)corrole using a Suzuki coupling reaction.
Anion effect on the redox properties of copper ions in ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Daskalopoulou Evangelia , Hartley Jennifer M. , Rivera Rodolfo Marin , Zante Guillaume , Abbott Andrew P.
Published: January 2023

The salt anion has little impact on copper ion speciation and redox behaviour in DESs, whereas the solvent anion has a significant impact on both. The relative acidity of the HBD also has an impact on redox potentials, but not speciation.
Ionization energies of metallocenes: a coupled cluster study of cobaltocene
Authors: Aðalsteinsson Heiðar Már , Bjornsson Ragnar
Published: January 2023

The ionization energy of cobaltocene was studied with respect to multiple variables in a DLPNO-CCSD(T) protocol. PNO extrapolation and iterative triples (T1) were found to be critical to achieve good agreement with experiment for metallocenes.
Ultrafast materials synthesis and manufacturing techniques for emerging energy and environmental applications
Authors: Hu Xueshan , Zuo Daxian , Cheng Shaoru , Chen Sihui , Liu Yang , Bao Wenzhong , Deng Sili , Harris Stephen J. , Wan Jiayu
Published: January 2023

This review provides an overview of emerging ultrafast synthesis technologies for energy and environmental applications. Representative ultrafast methods include Joule heating, plasma, laser, infrared, microwave, and flame-assisted synthesis,etc.
Functionalised polymeric materials for the removal of arsenate from contaminated water
Authors: Segues Codina Anna , Torres Huerta Aaron , Heiba Hany Fathy , Bullen Jay C. , Weiss Dominik J. , Vilar Ramon
Published: January 2023

Polymeric beads functionalised with a chemical receptor show they can remove arsenate from contaminated water to levels below 5 ppb (well below the WHO guideline value of 10 ppb).
Montmorillonite K10 catalyzed facile synthesis of N-substituted indoles from primary amines and Morita–Baylis–Hillman acetate of cyclohexenone
Authors: Han Juqing , Guo Luxia , Zhang Fuwei , Li Minghao , Gu Yanlong
Published: January 2023

Transition metal- and base-free synthesis of N-substituted indoles from primary amines and MBH acetate of cyclohexenone is developed.