bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Malnutrition in the Etiopathogenesis of Psychiatric Diseases: Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Morgese Maria , Trabace Luigia
Published: July 2016

Evidence from human studies indicates that maternal metabolic state and malnutrition dramatically influence the risk for developing psychiatric complications in later adulthood. In this regard, the central role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and particularly n-3 PUFAs, is emerging considering that epidemiological evidences have established a negative correlation between n-3 PUFA consumption and development of mood disorders. These findings were supported by clinical studies indicating that low content of n-3 PUFAs in diet is linked to an increased susceptibility to psychiatric disorders. PUFAs regulate membrane fluidity and exert their central action by modulating synaptogenesis and neurotrophic factor expression, neurogenesis, and neurotransmission. Moreover, they are precursors of molecules implicated in modulating immune and inflammatory processes in the brain. Importantly, their tissue concentrations are closely related to diet intake, especially to maternal consumption during embryonal life, considering that their synthesis from essential precursors has been shown to be inefficient in mammals. The scope of this review is to highlight the possible mechanisms of PUFA functions in the brain during pre- and post-natal period and to evaluate their role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases.
CD8 T Cell–Independent Antitumor Response and Its Potential for Treatment of Malignant Gliomas
Authors: Murphy Katherine , Griffith Thomas
Published: July 2016

Malignant brain tumors continue to represent a devastating diagnosis with no real chance for cure. Despite an increasing list of potential salvage therapies, standard-of-care for these patients has not changed in over a decade. Immunotherapy has been seen as an exciting option, with the potential to offer specific and long lasting tumor clearance. The “gold standard” in immunotherapy has been the development of a tumor-specific CD8 T cell response to potentiate tumor clearance and immunological memory. While many advances have been made in the field of immunotherapy, few therapies have seen true success. Many of the same principles used to develop immunotherapy in tumors of the peripheral organs have been applied to brain tumor immunotherapy. The immune-specialized nature of the brain should call into question whether this approach is appropriate. Recent results from our own experiments require a rethinking of current dogma. Perhaps a CD8 T cell response is not sufficient for an organ as immunologically unique as the brain. Examination of previously elucidated principles of the brain’s immune-specialized status and known immunological preferences should generate discussion and experimentation to address the failure of current therapies.
Salinity Differentially Affects Growth and Ecophysiology of Two Mastic Tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.) Accessions
Authors: Cristiano Giuseppe , Camposeo Salvatore , Fracchiolla Mariano , Vivaldi Gaetano , De Lucia Barbara , Cazzato Eugenio
Published: July 2016

Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae; mastic tree) is an evergreen sclerophyll species, largely distributed in dry areas of the Mediterranean basin and well-adapted to severe conditions of drought in very unfertile soils. In the present study, we evaluated the growing responses of two accessions of P. lentiscus to three different levels of salinity under nursery conditions. The two mastic tree accessions (Manfredonia and Specchia) were collected from individual trees in two different sites in the Apulia region (Southern Italy) and subjected to three different levels of salinization by adding 0, 400, and 800 g of salts 100 L−1 of substrate, respectively. The following parameters were recorded: plant height; survival of plants and total root length; total biomass; number of leaves per plant and leaf area; as well as various ecophysiological traits. Salinity reduced the values of all the examined parameters, both morphological and physiological. Results suggested that P. lentiscus can tolerate and accumulate salt at high concentrations in nursery conditions. As a result, it is important to identify germplasm that is highly tolerant to salinity for the production of nursery seedlings that will be planted in saline soils.
Risk Factors Associated with Peer Victimization and Bystander Behaviors among Adolescent Students
Authors: Huang Zepeng , Liu Zhenni , Liu Xiangxiang , Lv Laiwen , Zhang Yan , Ou Limin , Li Liping
Published: July 2016

Despite the prevalence of the phenomena of peer victimization and bystander behaviors, little data has generated to describe their relationships and risk factors. In this paper, a self-administered survey using a cross-sectional cluster-random sampling method in a sample of 5450 participants (2734 girls and 2716 boys) between 4th and 11th grades was conducted at six schools (two primary schools and four middle schools) located in Shantou, China. Self-reported peer victimization, bystander behaviors and information regarding parents’ risky behaviors and individual behavioral factors were collected. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate risk factors affecting peer victimization and bystander behaviors. The results indicated that urban participants were more likely to become bullying victims but less likely to become passive bystanders. Contrarily, bullying victimization was related to the increasing of passive bystander behaviors. Father drinking and mother smoking as independent factors were risk factors for peer victimization. Participants who were smoking or drinking had a tendency to be involved in both peer victimization and passive bystander behaviors. This study suggested that bystander behaviors, victims’ and parents’ educations play a more important role in peer victimization than previously thought.
Stage-Related Defense Response Induction in Tomato Plants by Nesidiocoris tenuis
Authors: Naselli Mario , Urbaneja Alberto , Siscaro Gaetano , Jaques Josep , Zappalà Lucia , Flors Víctor , Pérez-Hedo Meritxell
Published: July 2016

The beneficial effects of direct predation by zoophytophagous biological control agents (BCAs), such as the mirid bug Nesidiocoris tenuis, are well-known. However, the benefits of zoophytophagous BCAs’ relation with host plants, via induction of plant defensive responses, have not been investigated until recently. To date, only the females of certain zoophytophagous BCAs have been demonstrated to induce defensive plant responses in tomato plants. The aim of this work was to determine whether nymphs, adult females, and adult males of N. tenuis are able to induce defense responses in tomato plants. Compared to undamaged tomato plants (i.e., not exposed to the mirid), plants on which young or mature nymphs, or adult males or females of N. tenuis fed and developed were less attractive to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, but were more attractive to the parasitoid Encarsia formosa. Female-exposed plants were more repellent to B. tabaci and more attractive to E. formosa than were male-exposed plants. When comparing young- and mature-nymph-exposed plants, the same level of repellence was obtained for B. tabaci, but mature-nymph-exposed plants were more attractive to E. formosa. The repellent effect is attributed to the signaling pathway of abscisic acid, which is upregulated in N. tenuis-exposed plants, whereas the parasitoid attraction was attributed to the activation of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that all motile stages of N. tenuis can trigger defensive responses in tomato plants, although these responses may be slightly different depending on the stage considered.
Design of Phosphonated Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Grafted on γ-Alumina: Potential Model for Hybrid Membranes
Authors: Pizzoccaro Marie-Alix , Drobek Martin , Petit Eddy , Guerrero Gilles , Hesemann Peter , Julbe Anne
Published: July 2016

Imidazolium bromide-based ionic liquids bearing phosphonyl groups on the cationic part were synthesized and grafted on γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) powders. These powders were prepared as companion samples of conventional mesoporous γ-alumina membranes, in order to favor a possible transfer of the results to supported membrane materials, which could be used for CO2 separation applications. Effective grafting was demonstrated using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), N2 adsorption measurements, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and special attention was paid to 31P and 13C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
A Machine Learning Approach for Hot-Spot Detection at Protein-Protein Interfaces
Authors: Melo Rita , Fieldhouse Robert , Melo André , Correia João , Cordeiro Maria , Gümüş Zeynep , Costa Joaquim , Bonvin Alexandre , Moreira Irina
Published: July 2016

Understanding protein-protein interactions is a key challenge in biochemistry. In this work, we describe a more accurate methodology to predict Hot-Spots (HS) in protein-protein interfaces from their native complex structure compared to previous published Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Our model is trained on a large number of complexes and on a significantly larger number of different structural- and evolutionary sequence-based features. In particular, we added interface size, type of interaction between residues at the interface of the complex, number of different types of residues at the interface and the Position-Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM), for a total of 79 features. We used twenty-seven algorithms from a simple linear-based function to support-vector machine models with different cost functions. The best model was achieved by the use of the conditional inference random forest (c-forest) algorithm with a dataset pre-processed by the normalization of features and with up-sampling of the minor class. The method has an overall accuracy of 0.80, an F1-score of 0.73, a sensitivity of 0.76 and a specificity of 0.82 for the independent test set.
Characterization and Discrimination of Ancient Grains: A Metabolomics Approach
Authors: Righetti Laura , Rubert Josep , Galaverna Gianni , Folloni Silvia , Ranieri Roberto , Stranska-Zachariasova Milena , Hajslova Jana , Dall’Asta Chiara
Published: July 2016

Hulled, or ancient, wheats were the earliest domesticated wheats by mankind and the ancestors of current wheats. Their cultivation drastically decreased during the 1960s; however, the increasing demand for a healthy and equilibrated diet led to rediscovering these grains. Our aim was to use a non-targeted metabolomic approach to discriminate and characterize similarities and differences between ancient Triticum varieties. For this purpose, 77 hulled wheat samples from three different varieties were collected: Garfagnana T. turgidum var. dicoccum L. (emmer), ID331 T. monococcum L. (einkorn) and Rouquin T. spelta L. (spelt). The ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF) metabolomics approach highlighted a pronounced sample clustering according to the wheat variety, with an excellent predictability (Q2), for all the models built. Fifteen metabolites were tentatively identified based on accurate masses, isotopic pattern, and product ion spectra. Among these, alkylresorcinols (ARs) were found to be significantly higher in spelt and emmer, showing different homologue composition. Furthermore, phosphatidylcholines (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPC) levels were higher in einkorn variety. The results obtained in this study confirmed the importance of ARs as markers to distinguish between Triticum species and revealed their values as cultivar markers, being not affected by the environmental influences.
Scaling Floating-Gate Devices Predicting Behavior for Programmable and Configurable Circuits and Systems
Authors: Hasler Jennifer , Kim Sihwan , Adil Farhan
Published: July 2016

This paper presents scaling of Floating-Gate (FG) devices, and the resulting implication to large-scale Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) systems. The properties of FG circuits and systems in one technology (e.g., 350 nm CMOS) are experimentally shown to roughly translate to FG circuits in scaled down processes in a way predictable through MOSFET physics concepts. Scaling FG devices results in higher frequency response, (e.g., FPAA fabric) as well as lower parasitic capacitance and lower power consumption. FPAA architectures, limited to 50–100 MHz frequency ranges could be envisioned to operate at 500 MHz–1 GHz for 130 nm line widths, and operate around 4 GHz for 40 nm line widths.
N-[(1E)-(3-Bromophenyl)methylene]-N-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)amine
Authors: Warad Ismail , Al-Demeri Yasmin , Al-Nuri Mohammmed , Suleiman Mohammed , Al-Ali Anas , Amereih Sameer
Published: July 2016

N-[(1E)-(3-Bromophenyl)methylene]-N-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)amine Schiff base was prepared in good yield and characterized by the reflux of equivalent amounts of 2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethanamine with 3-bromobenzaldehyde. The structure of the desired Schiff base was analyzed based on: elemental analysis, EI-MS, TG/DTG, UV-visible, FT-IR, 1H and 13C-NMR spectral analysis. The condensation reaction was monitored by FT-IR.
Enrichment of Fusobacteria in Sea Surface Oil Slicks from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Authors: Gutierrez Tony , Berry David , Teske Andreas , Aitken Michael
Published: July 2016

The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill led to rapid microbial community shifts in the Gulf of Mexico, including the formation of unprecedented quantities of marine oil snow (MOS) and of a massive subsurface oil plume. The major taxa that bloomed in sea surface oil slicks during the spill included Cycloclasticus, and to a lesser extent Halomonas, Alteromonas, and Pseudoalteromonas—organisms that grow and degrade oil hydrocarbons aerobically. Here, we show that sea surface oil slicks at DWH contained obligate and facultative anaerobic taxa, including members of the obligate anaerobic phylum Fusobacteria that are commonly found in marine sediment environments. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that Fusobacteria were strongly selected for when sea surface oil slicks were allowed to develop anaerobically. These organisms have been found in oil-contaminated sediments in the Gulf of Mexico, in deep marine oil reservoirs, and other oil-contaminated sites, suggesting they have putative hydrocarbon-degrading qualities. The occurrence and strong selection for Fusobacteria in a lab-based incubation of a sea surface oil slick sample collected during the spill suggests that these organisms may have become enriched in anaerobic zones of suspended particulates, such as MOS. Whilst the formation and rapid sinking of MOS is recognised as an important mechanism by which a proportion of the Macondo oil had been transported to the sea floor, its role in potentially transporting microorganisms, including oil-degraders, from the upper reaches of the water column to the seafloor should be considered. The presence of Fusobacteria on the sea surface—a highly oxygenated environment—is intriguing, and may be explained by the vertical upsurge of oil that provided a carrier to transport these organisms from anaerobic/micro-aerophilic zones in the oil plume or seabed to the upper reaches of the water column. We also propose that the formation of rapidly-sinking MOS may have re-transported these, and other microbial taxa, to the sediment in the Gulf of Mexico.
Letter to the Editor Re: Nissensohn M. et al.; Nutrients 2016, 8, 232
Authors: Ferreira-Pêgo Cíntia , Babio Nancy , Salas-Salvadó Jordi
Published: July 2016

Dear Editor, We read with interest the recently published original article entitled “Beverage Consumption Habits and Association with TotalWater and Energy Intakes in the Spanish Population: Findings of the ANIBES Study” by Nissensohn et al. [1] in Nutrients.[...]
Ar+-Implanted Si-Waveguide Photodiodes for Mid-Infrared Detection
Authors: Souhan Brian , Chen Christine , Lu Ming , Stein Aaron , Bakhru Hassaram , Grote Richard , Bergman Keren , Green William , Osgood Richard
Published: July 2016

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible Ar+-implanted Si-waveguide p-i-n photodetectors operating in the mid-infrared (2.2 to 2.3 µm wavelengths) are demonstrated at room temperature. Responsivities exceeding 21 mA/W are measured at a 5 V reverse bias with an estimated internal quantum efficiency of 3.1%–3.7%. The dark current is found to vary from a few nanoamps down to less than 11 pA after post-implantation annealing at 350 °C. Linearity is demonstrated over four orders of magnitude, confirming a single-photon absorption process. The devices demonstrate a higher thermal processing budget than similar Si+-implanted devices and achieve higher responsivity after annealing up to 350 °C.
Mean-Square Radius of Gyration and Scattering Function of Semiflexible Ring Polymers of the Trefoil Knot
Authors: Abe Hiroki , Ida Daichi
Published: July 2016

A Monte Carlo study of the mean-square radius of gyration R g 2 and scattering function P ( k ) with k the magnitude of the scattering vector for semiflexible ring polymers of the trefoil knot was conducted by the use of the discrete version of the Kratky–Porod (KP) wormlike ring model. The behavior of R g 2 and P ( k ) as functions of the reduced contour length λ L , defined as the total contour length L divided by the stiffness parameter λ − 1 , is clarified. A comparison is made of the results for the KP ring of the trefoil knot with those for the KP ring of the trivial knot and for the phantom KP ring without the topological constraints.
Real-Time Through-Wall Situation Awareness Using a Microwave Doppler Radar Sensor
Authors: Gennarelli Gianluca , Ludeno Giovanni , Soldovieri Francesco
Published: July 2016

This paper deals with the development of a short-range radar suitable for the detection of humans behind visually opaque structures such as building walls. The system consists in a continuous wave Doppler radar operating in the S-band of the electromagnetic spectrum in order to ensure an adequate signal penetration through the walls. Based on the interaction of the electromagnetic waves with human targets, a phase modulation of the radar signal arises due to their movements and tiny periodic chest displacements associated with the respiratory activity. A simple and effective radar data processing algorithm is proposed to detect, in real-time, the presence of one or several human subjects in the through-wall scene. Such an algorithm automatically provides also an indication on whether the subjects are static or moving in the environment. As shown by experimental tests carried out in an indoor scenario, the proposed sensing device and related signal processing yields prompt and reliable information about the scene thus confirming its practical value.
Microfluidic Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors: From Principles to Point-of-Care Applications
Authors: Wang Da-Shin , Fan Shih-Kang
Published: July 2016

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a label-free, highly-sensitive, and real-time sensing technique. Conventional SPR sensors, which involve a planar thin gold film, have been widely exploited in biosensing; various miniaturized formats have been devised for portability purposes. Another type of SPR sensor which utilizes localized SPR (LSPR), is based on metal nanostructures with surface plasmon modes at the structural interface. The resonance condition is sensitive to the refractive index change of the local medium. The principles of these two types of SPR sensors are reviewed and their integration with microfluidic platforms is described. Further applications of microfluidic SPR sensors to point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are discussed.
Defect Detection in Textures through the Use of Entropy as a Means for Automatically Selecting the Wavelet Decomposition Level
Authors: Navarro Pedro , Fernández-Isla Carlos , Alcover Pedro , Suardíaz Juan
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a robust method for defect detection in textures, entropy-based automatic selection of the wavelet decomposition level (EADL), based on a wavelet reconstruction scheme, for detecting defects in a wide variety of structural and statistical textures. Two main features are presented. One of the new features is an original use of the normalized absolute function value (NABS) calculated from the wavelet coefficients derived at various different decomposition levels in order to identify textures where the defect can be isolated by eliminating the texture pattern in the first decomposition level. The second is the use of Shannon’s entropy, calculated over detail subimages, for automatic selection of the band for image reconstruction, which, unlike other techniques, such as those based on the co-occurrence matrix or on energy calculation, provides a lower decomposition level, thus avoiding excessive degradation of the image, allowing a more accurate defect segmentation. A metric analysis of the results of the proposed method with nine different thresholding algorithms determined that selecting the appropriate thresholding method is important to achieve optimum performance in defect detection. As a consequence, several different thresholding algorithms depending on the type of texture are proposed.
Teenage Pregnancy and Mental Health
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline
Published: July 2016

This article reviews the intersection between adolescent pregnancy and mental health. The research involving mental health risks for adolescent pregnancy and for parents who are teenagers are discussed. Depression and conduct disorder have emerged with the most attention. Research-based treatment of these disorders in adolescents is presented.
Home Garden Ecosystem Services Valuation through a Gender Lens: A Case Study in the Catalan Pyrenees
Authors: Calvet-Mir Laura , March Hug , Corbacho-Monné Daniel , Gómez-Baggethun Erik , Reyes-García Victoria
Published: July 2016

Ecosystem services have become a critical issue in the environmental literature, however knowledge on whether women and men similarly value ecosystem services is still nascent. We aim at advancing the understanding of the relation between gender and environmental perceptions through the analysis of values assigned by women and men to ecosystem services supplied by home gardens in Vall Fosca (Catalan Pyrenees, north-eastern Spain). We found that women give a higher value than men to all ecosystem services. Overall, women’s valuation of the full range of ecosystem services provided by home gardens was 7.55% higher than men’s valuation. Gender socialization influences the way people interact with and value the environment, including highly managed environments such as home gardens. We argue that considering gendered differences in ecosystem services valuation may lead to policies more effective in enhancing ecosystem services provision.
Susceptibility of Broiler Chickens to Coccidiosis When Fed Subclinical Doses of Deoxynivalenol and Fumonisins—Special Emphasis on the Immunological Response and the Mycotoxin Interaction
Authors: Grenier Bertrand , Dohnal Ilse , Shanmugasundaram Revathi , Eicher Susan , Selvaraj Ramesh , Schatzmayr Gerd , Applegate Todd
Published: July 2016

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FB) are the most frequently encountered mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species in livestock diets. The effect of subclinical doses of mycotoxins in chickens is largely unknown, and in particular the susceptibility of birds to pathogenic challenge when fed these fungal metabolites. Therefore, the present study reports the effects of DON and FB on chickens challenged with Eimeria spp, responsible for coccidiosis. Broilers were fed diets from hatch to day 20, containing no mycotoxins, 1.5 mg DON/kg, 20 mg FB/kg, or both toxins (12 pens/diet; 7 birds/pen). At day 14, six pens of birds per diet (half of the birds) were challenged with a 25×-recommended dose of coccidial vaccine, and all birds (challenged and unchallenged) were sampled 6 days later. As expected, performance of birds was strongly affected by the coccidial challenge. Ingestion of mycotoxins did not further affect the growth but repartitioned the rate of reduction (between the fraction due to the change in maintenance and feed efficiency), and reduced apparent nitrogen digestibility. Intestinal lesions and number of oocysts in the jejunal mucosa and feces of challenged birds were more frequent and intense in the birds fed mycotoxins than in birds fed control feed. The upregulation of cytokines (interleukin (IL) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) following coccidial infection was higher in the jejunum of birds fed mycotoxins. Further, the higher intestinal immune response was associated with a higher percentage of T lymphocytes CD4+CD25+, also called Tregs, observed in the cecal tonsils of challenged birds fed mycotoxins. Interestingly, the increase in FB biomarker of exposure (sphinganine/sphingosine ratio in serum and liver) suggested a higher absorption and bioavailability of FB in challenged birds. The interaction of DON and FB was very dependent on the endpoint assessed, with three endpoints reporting antagonism, nine additivity, and two synergism. In conclusion, subclinical doses of DON and FB showed little effects in unchallenged chickens, but seem to result in metabolic and immunologic disturbances that amplify the severity of coccidiosis.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM METALLICITY IN SUNYAEV ZEL’DOVICH-SELECTED GALAXY CLUSTERS AT 0 < z < 1.5
Authors: McDonald M. , Bulbul E. , Haan T. de , Miller E. D. , Benson B. A. , Bleem L. E. , Brodwin M. , Carlstrom J. E. , Chiu I. , Forman W. R. , Hlavacek-Larrondo J. , Garmire G. P. , Gupta N. , Mohr J. J. , Reichardt C. L. , Saro A. , Stalder B. , Stark A. A. , Vieira J. D.
Published: July 2016

We present the results of an X-ray spectral analysis of 153 galaxy clusters observed with the Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku space telescopes. These clusters, which span 0 < z < 1.5, were drawn from a larger, mass-selected sample of galaxy clusters discovered in the 2500 square degree South Pole Telescope Sunyaev Zel’dovich (SPT-SZ) survey. With a total combined exposure time of 9.1 Ms, these data yield the strongest constraints to date on the evolution of the metal content of the intracluster medium (ICM). We find no evidence for strong evolution in the global (r < R
500) ICM metallicity (dZ/dz = −0.06 ± 0.04 Z
⊙), with a mean value at z = 0.6 of

〈

Z

〉

=
0.23
±
0.01

Z
⊙ and a scatter of σ

Z
 = 0.08 ± 0.01 Z
⊙. These results imply that the emission-weighted metallicity has not changed by more than 40% since z = 1 (at 95% confidence), consistent with the picture of an early (z > 1) enrichment. We find, in agreement with previous works, a significantly higher mean value for the metallicity in the centers of cool core clusters versus non-cool core clusters. We find weak evidence for evolution in the central metallicity of cool core clusters (dZ/dz = −0.21 ± 0.11 Z
⊙), which is sufficient to account for this enhanced central metallicity over the past ∼10 Gyr. We find no evidence for metallicity evolution outside of the core (dZ/dz = −0.03 ± 0.06 Z
⊙), and no significant difference in the core-excised metallicity between cool core and non-cool core clusters. This suggests that strong radio-mode active galactic nucleus feedback does not significantly alter the distribution of metals at

r
>
0.15

R

500

. Given the limitations of current-generation X-ray telescopes in constraining the ICM metallicity at z > 1, significant improvements on this work will likely require next-generation X-ray missions.
A DECAMETER STATIONARY TYPE IV BURST IN IMAGING OBSERVATIONS ON 2014 SEPTEMBER 6
Authors: Koval Artem , Stanislavsky Aleksander , Chen Yao , Feng Shiwei , Konovalenko Aleksander , Volvach Yaroslav
Published: July 2016

First-of-its-kind radio imaging of a decameter solar stationary type IV radio burst has been presented in this paper. On 2014 September 6 the observations of type IV burst radio emission were carried out with the two-dimensional heliograph based on the Ukrainian T-shaped radio telescope (UTR-2), together with other telescope arrays. Starting at ∼09:55 UT and for ∼3 hr, the radio emission was kept within the observational session of UTR-2. The interesting observation covered the full evolution of this burst, “from birth to death.” During the event lifetime, two C-class solar X-ray flares with peak times 11:29 UT and 12:24 UT took place. The time profile of this burst in radio has a double-humped shape that can be explained by injection of energetic electrons, accelerated by the two flares, into the burst source. According to the heliographic observations, we suggest that the burst source was confined within a high coronal loop, which was part of a relatively slow coronal mass ejection. The latter has been developed for several hours before the onset of the event. Through analysis of about 1.5 × 106 heliograms (3700 temporal frames with 4096 images in each frame that correspond to the number of frequency channels), the radio burst source imaging shows a fascinating dynamical evolution. Both space-based (GOES, SDO, SOHO, STEREO) data and various ground-based instrumentation (ORFEES, NDA, RSTO, NRH) records have been used for this study.
REVISITING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SUPERNOVA AND HYPERNOVA REMNANTS TO THE DIFFUSE HIGH-ENERGY BACKGROUNDS: CONSTRAINTS ON VERY HIGH REDSHIFT INJECTION
Authors: Xiao Di , Mészáros Peter , Murase Kohta , Dai Zi-Gao
Published: July 2016

Star-forming and starburst galaxies are considered one of the viable candidate sources of the high-energy cosmic neutrino background detected in IceCube. We revisit contributions of supernova remnants (SNRs) and hypernova remnants (HNRs) in such galaxies to the diffuse high-energy neutrino and gamma-ray backgrounds, in light of the latest Fermi data above 50 GeV. We also take into account possible time-dependent effects of the cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration during the SNR evolution. CRs accelerated by the SNR shocks can produce high-energy neutrinos up to ∼100 TeV energies, but CRs from HNRs can extend the spectrum up to PeV energies. We show that, only if HNRs are dominant over SNRs, the diffuse neutrino background above 100 TeV can be explained without contradicting the gamma-ray data. However, the neutrino data around 30 TeV remain unexplained, which might suggest a different population of gamma-ray dark CR sources. We also consider possible contributions of Pop-III HNRs up to z ≲ 10 and show that they are not constrained by the gamma-ray data and thus could contribute to the diffuse high-energy backgrounds if their explosion energy reaches

erg. More conservatively, our results suggest that the explosion energy of Pop-III HNRs is

erg.
DUST LOSS FROM ACTIVATED ASTEROID P/2015 X6
Authors: Moreno F. , Licandro J. , Cabrera-Lavers A. , Pozuelos F. J.
Published: July 2016

We present observations and dust tail models of activated asteroid P/2015 X6 from deep imaging data acquired at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) from 2015 mid-December to 2016 late January. The results of the modeling indicate that the asteroid has undergone sustained dust loss over a period of two months or longer. The dust parameters, derived from multidimensional fits of the available images, are compatible with either ice sublimation or rotational instability processes. An impulsive event, as might be associated with an impact with another body, is less likely. A power-law distribution of particles, with minimum and maximum radii of 1 μm and 1 cm and a power index of −3.3, is found to be consistent with the observations. Depending on the model of ejection velocity adopted, the particle velocities are found to be in the range of 0.3–10 m s−1. The activation time was between 18 and 26 days before discovery. The total mass ejected from that time to the most recent observation is in the range 5–9 × 106 kg. No dust features giving indication of past activity earlier than the activation time have been observed.
PHASE RELATIONSHIPS OF SOLAR HEMISPHERIC TOROIDAL AND POLOIDAL CYCLES
Authors: Muraközy J.
Published: July 2016

The solar northern and southern hemispheres exhibit differences in their intensities and time profiles of the activity cycles. The time variation of these properties was studied in a previous article covering the data from Cycles 12–23. The hemispheric phase lags exhibited a characteristic variation: the leading role was exchanged between hemispheres every four cycles. The present work extends the investigation of this variation using the data of Staudacher and Schwabe in Cycles 1–4 and 7–10 as well as Spörer’s data in Cycle 11. The previously observed variation cannot be clearly recognized using the data of Staudacher, Schwabe, and Spörer. However, it is more interesting that the phase lags of the reversals of the magnetic fields at the poles follow the same variations as those of the hemispheric cycles in Cycles 12–23, i.e., one of the hemispheres leads in four cyles and the leading role jumps to the opposite hemisphere in the next four cycles. This means that this variation is a long-term property of the entire solar dynamo mechanism, for both the toroidal and poloidal fields, which hints at an unidentified component of the process responsible for the long-term memory.
THE PECULIAR DEBRIS DISK OF HD 111520 AS RESOLVED BY THE GEMINI PLANET IMAGER
Authors: Draper Zachary H. , Duchêne Gaspard , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell A. , Matthews Brenda C. , Wang Jason J. , Kalas Paul , Graham James R. , Padgett Deborah , Ammons S. Mark , Bulger Joanna , Chen Christine , Chilcote Jeffrey K. , Doyon René , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Follette Kate B. , Gerard Benjamin , Greenbaum Alexandra Z. , Hibon Pascale , Hinkley Sasha , Macintosh Bruce , Ingraham Patrick , Lafrenière David , Marchis Franck , Marois Christian , Nielsen Eric L. , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Patel Rahul , Patience Jenny , Perrin Marshall , Pueyo Laurent , Rajan Abhijith , Rameau Julien , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Vega David , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Wolff Schuyler G.
Published: July 2016

Using the Gemini Planet Imager, we have resolved the circumstellar debris disk around HD 111520 at a projected range of ∼30–100 AU in both total and polarized H-band intensity. The disk is seen edge-on at a position angle of 165° along the spine of emission. A slight inclination and asymmetric warp are covariant and alter the interpretation of the observed disk emission. We employ three point-spread function subtraction methods to reduce the stellar glare and instrumental artifacts to confirm that there is a roughly 2:1 brightness asymmetry between the NW and SE extension. This specific feature makes HD 111520 the most extreme example of asymmetric debris disks observed in scattered light among similar highly inclined systems, such as HD 15115 and HD 106906. We further identify a tentative localized brightness enhancement and scale height enhancement associated with the disk at ∼40 AU away from the star on the SE extension. We also find that the fractional polarization rises from 10% to 40% from 0.″5 to 0.″8 from the star. The combination of large brightness asymmetry and symmetric polarization fraction leads us to believe that an azimuthal dust density variation is causing the observed asymmetry.
PARTITIONING TUNGSTEN BETWEEN MATRIX PRECURSORS AND CHONDRULE PRECURSORS THROUGH RELATIVE SETTLING
Authors: Hubbard Alexander
Published: July 2016

Recent studies of chondrites have found a tungsten isotopic anomaly between chondrules and matrix. Given the refractory nature of tungsten, this implies that W was carried into the solar nebula by at least two distinct families of pre-solar grains. The observed chondrule/matrix split requires that the distinct families were kept separate during the dust coagulation process, and that the two families of grain interacted with the chondrule formation mechanism differently. We take the co-existence of different families of solids in the same general orbital region at the chondrule-precursor size as given, and explore the requirements for them to have interacted with the chondrule formation process at significantly different rates. We show that this sorting of families of solids into chondrule- and matrix-destined dust had to have been at least as powerful a sorting mechanism as the relative settling of aerodynamically distinct grains at least two scale heights above the midplane. The requirement that the chondrule formation mechanism was correlated in some fashion with a dust-grain sorting mechanism argues strongly for spatially localized chondrule formation mechanisms such as turbulent dissipation in non-thermally ionized disk surface layers, and argues against volume-filling mechanisms such as planetesimal bow shocks.
Au cœur de l’individu : le social
Authors: Deprez Stanislas
Published: July 2016

Les sciences du cerveau peuvent enrichir une anthropologie fondamentale, en permettant de dépasser la conception réductionniste de l’individualisme méthodologique. À condition de s’appuyer sur la neurobiologie et non sur le strict cognitivisme. Cela nécessite quatre déplacements. Tout d’abord, il s’agit de penser le cerveau comme une partie d’un corps vivant dans un environnement à la fois naturel et culturel. Ce premier pas implique de partir de la décision et de l’action plutôt que de la computation. La neurobiologie enseigne également que l’émotion est partie intégrante du raisonnement. Enfin, elle montre qu’autrui est au cœur du soi.
Quelle ville voulons-nous ? Des pathologies urbaines au droit de la ville
Authors: Labbé Mickaël
Published: July 2016

Face aux défis lancés à la réflexion urbaine par les développements de la ville contemporaine, cet article tente de reprendre le concept de « droit à la ville » thématisé par Henri Lefebvre en le confrontant à certains des éléments les plus récents de la théorie critique et de la philosophie sociale d’Axel Honneth. Il s’agit ici de partir d’une analyse de ce que l’on pourrait appeler « les pathologies urbaines du social » pour montrer que le droit à la ville, en tant qu’utopie assumée et nécessaire, peut constituer un horizon normatif légitime pour repenser la ville et répondre aux maladies contemporaines de l’urbain.
Le dirigeant de petite entreprise sollicite une aide pour la création d’un système de contrôle de gestion : la légitimité du concepteur
Authors: Bernard Odile , Culié Jean-Denis
Published: July 2016

Lorsque le propriétaire-dirigeant de PE délègue la conception du contrôle de gestion qu’il mettra lui-même en œuvre, son choix est guidé par la légitimité qu’il accorde aux concepteurs potentiels. L’étude qualitative, réalisée auprès de 15 PE, montre que les dimensions de la légitimité mobilisées sont liées – au-delà de la fonction – aux qualités personnelles du concepteur, contrairement à la littérature existante, focalisée sur les grandes entreprises.
De l’expérience au souvenir de l’expérience : étude des invariants et des décalages entre parcours de magasinage et souvenir immédiat
Authors: Flacandji Michaël
Published: July 2016

Cet article vise à confronter le souvenir post-expérience immédiatement collecté en sortie de magasin à l’expérience effectivement vécue par le chaland. Si certains éléments du parcours de magasinage tendent à être invariablement récupérés en mémoire, d’autres sont au contraire oubliés ou soumis à des distorsions. Le type de parcours de magasinage semble expliquer les écarts observés, contrairement à certaines variables individuelles telles que le sexe ou la connaissance du magasin. Nos résultats discutent par ailleurs de l’intérêt de recourir à l’observation des parcours de magasinage plutôt qu’à une méthode déclarative lorsque l’objectif de l’étude est de cerner des comportements effectifs.
Ethique de la publicité rédactionnelle sur Youtube – Faut-il réagir en déontologiste face à la publicité trompeuse ?
Authors: Galluzzo Anthony
Published: July 2016

Cet article se propose d’évaluer le caractère trompeur des publicités rédactionnelles de jeux vidéo sur Youtube et l’interprétation éthique que peuvent en faire les adolescents. La recherche a été menée dans un collège et repose sur des projections vidéo suivies d’entretiens collectifs en groupes naturels. Il apparaît que les publicités rédactionnelles induisent en erreur une part significative des adolescents qui, une fois informés, les acceptent sur la base d’un régime éthique téléologique et égoïste.
Le « capital golfique » : un utile investissement professionnel et humain ?
Authors: Bouvet Patrice
Published: July 2016

Si l’on accepte l’idée selon laquelle les activités professionnelles ne sont pas les seules à permettre à un individu de développer des compétences, connaissances, savoir-faire... le capital sportif - et donc le capital golfique - peut-être considéré comme une forme particulière de capital humain. Dès lors, la question de sa valorisation se pose. Dans cette perspective, deux interrogations peuvent être formulées. Détenir un « capital golfique » favorise-t-il l’insertion professionnelle ? Est-il source de bienfaits physiques et mentaux ? La modeste investigation empirique menée dans la dernière partie de ce travail permet d’apporter quelques réponses à ces questions.
La pauvreté volontaire au service du bien commun : la solution franciscaine
Authors: Solignac Laure
Published: July 2016

La pauvreté volontaire constitue-t-elle un choix de vie nuisible au bien commun ? L’expérience franciscaine montre que le renoncement au droit de posséder en commun repose sur une conception précise du bien qui n’est pas la négation de l’idée de bien commun, mais un appel à l’élargissement spatial et temporel de son exercice. En ce sens, la vie des Frères mineurs signifie pour la société civile la nécessité de reconnaître la petitesse et la pauvreté de tout homme, afin de briser la logique de cupidité qui entrave l’accomplissement du bien commun.
Bien commun et marginalité sociale : les utopies urbaines et sociales en question
Authors: Rouay-Lambert Sophie
Published: July 2016

Les utopies participent autant qu’elles révèlent un tournant dans la manière d’appréhender les formes de gouvernement, de sociabilité et d’habiter (au sens d’être-ensemble). Cette quête du bien commun en urbanisme, et sur le bien commun en sociologie sont les axes à partir desquels est travaillé le thème du bien commun en lien avec la marginalité sociale. L’utopie, propice au déplacement de regard, est alors mobilisée en tant que procédé méthodologique pour étudier, à partir de la marge, d’autre formes de d’être et de vivre-ensemble. Le cas de la conception et de la réalisation d’une pension de famille dans un quartier parisien illustre le propos.
« Quoniam » de Clément V « in concilio Viennensi » : l’étonnante postérité d’une décrétale de crise
Authors: Petit Emmanuel
Published: July 2016

Si nous connaissons bien le déroulement du Concile de Vienne, nous connaissons moins bien, en revanche, les actes du Concile. Ils ont été détruits, peut-être volontairement, et nous sont parvenus indirectement par le recueil des Décrétales de Clément V, insérées dans le Corpus Iuris canonici , sous le nom de Clémentines. Nous nous intéressons particulièrement à la décrétale « Quoniam » (Clem 3, 17, 1) par laquelle Clément V abroge la fameuse décrétale « Clericis laïcos » de Boniface VIII, très contestée par le pouvoir royal français. « Quoniam » est typique du contexte conciliaire : historique, avec la remise en cause du pontificat de Boniface VIII, juridique, avec la redécouverte du droit romain, et ecclésiologique, avec le rapport complexe entre l’autorité pontificale et l’institution conciliaire. Attribuée au concile de Vienne, comme bien d’autres décrétales, on sait qu’elle émane du pape lui-même. Or, si la décrétale correspond à une reculade face au pouvoir temporel, elle est aussi, paradoxalement, l’occasion d’affirmer le pouvoir du pape. À travers la glose de Jean d’André, elle a ainsi connu une grande postérité et est à l’origine d’une des plus fameuses institutions canoniques : la sanatio in radice des mariages.
Maîtrise et médiation. Remarques sur la pauvreté d’esprit et la noblesse d’âme au Concile de Vienne
Authors: Robiglio Andrea A.
Published: July 2016

Le thème de la pauvreté du Christ et des apôtres ainsi que celui de l’âme humaine s’entrecroisent dans les décrets du concile de Vienne. Dans les deux cas, une distinction conceptuelle demeure commune, bien qu’elle soit reprise dans des régimes différents de discours : il s’agit de la distinction entre maîtrise ( dominium ) et action ( usus ). Cette distinction implique la séparation entre « sujet » et « action », une différence qui établit une telle tension qu’elle exclut toute médiation essentielle. La catégorie de la « médiation », par conséquent, devient importante pour comprendre l’esprit à l’œuvre dans telle ou telle réforme de l’Église.
Comparative Effects of the Synchronous and the Asynchronous Instructional Approaches Concerning the Students’ Achievements and Interests in Electrical Engineering at the Niger State College of Education
Authors: Raymond Emmanuel , Atsumbe Bernad , Okwori Robert , Jebba Adamu Muhammed
Published: July 2016

Abstract -This study was conducted to determine the comparative effects of synchronous and asynchronous instructional approach on College of Education students’ achievement and interest in Electrical Technology. Quasi-experimental research design was adopted. Two research questions and two hypotheses tested at .05 level of significance guided the study. The population of the study comprised of all the 190 final year students offering Electrical technology as a major course in Colleges of Education under study. The instruments used for data collection were Electrical Technology Cognitive Achievement Test (ETCAT) and Electrical Technology Interest Inventory (ETII). Similarly, lesson plans were developed and subjected to face validity by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was determined using the Pearson Product Moment Correlational Coefficient and was found to be 0.85. The research questions were answered using Mean and Standard Deviation, the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to test the hypotheses. The study revealed that asynchronous instructional approach was more effective in improving students’ achievement and stimulating their interest in learning than the synchronous instructional approach. The study also found out that there was a significant difference in the cognitive achievement of students taught electrical technology with asynchronous instructional approach than those taught with the synchronous instructional approach. However, there was no significant difference between the mean interest scores of students taught electrical technology with asynchronous instructional approach and those taught with the synchronous instructional approach. On the basis of these findings, the study recommends among others that the National Commission for Colleges of Education should develop appropriate framework necessary for encouraging the adoption of innovative e-learning platform such as that of synchronous and asynchronous instruction while the management of the Colleges of Education under study should institutionalize and encourage lecturers to use asynchronous instruction in teaching. Finally, the Lecturers should adopt asynchronous instructional approach in teaching and learning electrical technology in the Colleges of Education under study.
Innovative Curriculum to Enhance the Learning Experience of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Students
Authors: Ercan Fikret , Sale Denis , Kristian Noel
Published: July 2016

This paper presents an integrated engineering enrichment program for the electrical and mechanical engineering students at polytechnic level. This program promotes design thinking and problem based learning and it is spread into three years of engineering education. The entire program is founded upon design-and-build type of projects where students get to practice engineering design process with increasing complexity in each semester. It is implemented in a studio environment equipped with necessary technical tools such as prototyping machines, 3D printers, soldering stations and so on. At the beginning, forty students enrolled to the program; it is now expanded to accommodate eighty students. A detailed description of the program and its structure are presented together with our evaluation of results and observations.