bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Supply Chain Financial Risk Prevention Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Lei Yang , Qiaoming Hou , Tong Zhao
Published: March 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) proves decisive in today’s rapidly developing society and is a motive force for the evolution of financial technology. As a subdivision of artificial intelligence research, machine learning (ML) algorithm is extensively used in all aspects of the daily operation and development of the supply chain. Using data mining, deductive reasoning, and other characteristics of machine learning algorithms can effectively help decision‐makers of enterprises to make more scientific and reasonable decisions by using the existing financial index data. At present, globalization uncertainties such as COVID‐19 are intensifying, and supply chain enterprises are facing bankruptcy risk. In the operation process, practical tools are needed to identify and opportunely respond to the threat in the supply chain operation promptly, predict the probability of business failure of enterprises, and take scientific and feasible measures to prevent a financial crisis in good season. Artificial intelligence decision‐making technology can help traditional supply chains to transform into intelligent supply chains, realize smart management, and promote supply chain transformation and upgrading. By applying machine learning algorithms, the supply chain can not only identify potential risks in time and adopt scientific and feasible measures to deal with the crisis but also strengthen the connection and cooperation between different enterprises with the advantage of advanced technology to provide overall operation efficiency. On account of this, the paper puts forward an artificial intelligence‐based corporate financial‐risk‐prevention (FRP) model, which includes four stages: data preprocessing, feature selection, feature classification, and parameter adjustment. Firstly, relevant financial index data are collected, and the quality of the selected data is raised through preprocessing; secondly, the chaotic grasshopper optimization algorithm (CGOA) is used to simulate the behavior of grasshoppers in nature to build a mathematical model, and the selected data sets are selected and optimized for features. Then, the support vector machine (SVM) performs classification processing on the quantitative data with reduced features. Empirical risk is calculated using the hinge loss function, and a regular operation is added to optimize the risk structure. Finally, slime mould algorithm (SMA) can optimize the process to improve the efficiency of SVM, making the algorithm more accurate and effective. In this study, Python is used to simulate the function of the corporate business finance risk prevention model. The experimental results show that the CGOA‐SVM‐SMA algorithm proposed in this paper achieves good results. After calculation, it is found that the prediction and decision‐making capabilities are good and better than other comparative models, which can effectively help supply chain enterprises to prevent financial risks.
Soil and Water Conservation Effects of Contour Reverse Slope Terraces on Red Clay Sloping Farmland against Short and Heavy Rainfall
Authors: Huang Bingyan , Liu Zhikui
Published: March 2023

To explore the effect and applicability of contour reverse slope terraces in water and soil conservation of karstic red clay soil area in northern Guangxi, rainfall simulation experiments were conducted on bare red clay soil slopes laid with contour reverse slope terraces to find the erosion pattern in response to different rainfall intensities (15, 30, and 50 mm/h) and bedrock porosities (1%, 3%, and 5%). The results showed that contour reverse slope terraces can change the spatial distribution of surface runoff, divert surface runoff to the underground, and increase underground sediment yielding. It is found that contour reverse slope terraces can effectively reduce surface soil erosion though it still remains dominant erosion for red clay terraced farmland, with surface runoff reduced by 71%, 52%, and 46% and surface sediment loss reduced by 70%, 65%, and 63%, respectively, when the rainfall intensity is set at 15 mm/h, 30 mm/h, and 50 mm/h. It is concluded that contour reverse slope terraces can help reduce water and soil erosion of red clay terraced farmland in northern Guangxi.
LSD1 Inhibition Disrupts Super-Enhancer–Driven Oncogenic Transcriptional Programs in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Li Muqing , Liu Mingyu , Han Wanting , Wang Zifeng , Han Dong , Patalano Susan , Macoska Jill A. , Balk Steven P. , He Housheng Hansen , Corey Eva , Gao Shuai , Cai Changmeng
Published: March 2023

The lysine demethylase LSD1 (also called KDM1A) plays important roles in promoting multiple malignancies including both hematologic cancers and solid tumors. LSD1 targets histone and nonhistone proteins and can function as a transcriptional corepressor or coactivator. LSD1 has been reported to act as a coactivator of androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer and to regulate the AR cistrome via demethylation of its pioneer factor FOXA1. A deeper understanding of the key oncogenic programs targeted by LSD1 could help stratify prostate cancer patients for treatment with LSD1 inhibitors, which are currently under clinical investigation. In this study, we performed transcriptomic profiling in an array of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) xenograft models that are sensitive to LSD1 inhibitor treatment. Impaired tumor growth by LSD1 inhibition was attributed to significantly decreased MYC signaling, and MYC was found to be a consistent target of LSD1. Moreover, LSD1 formed a network with BRD4 and FOXA1 and was enriched at super-enhancer regions exhibiting liquid–liquid phase separation. Combining LSD1 inhibitors with BET inhibitors exhibited strong synergy in disrupting the activities of multiple drivers in CRPC, thereby inducing significant growth repression of tumors. Importantly, the combination treatment showed superior effects than either inhibitor alone in disrupting a subset of newly identified CRPC-specific super-enhancers. These results provide mechanistic and therapeutic insights for cotargeting two key epigenetic factors and could be rapidly translated in the clinic for CRPC patients.

Significance:

LSD1 drives prostate cancer progression by activating super-enhancer–mediated oncogenic programs, which can be targeted with the combination of LSD1 and BRD4 inhibitors to suppress the growth of CRPC.
Infections and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Is the Sum Worth More than the Parts? Evidence from Birth Characteristics
Authors: Wiemels Joseph L. , Gallant Rachel E.
Published: March 2023

The etiology of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has long been studied piecemeal with investigations leading to a lengthy list of putative risk factors including several with immune modulatory effects. The ubiquity of many of these factors (e.g., daycare attendance, low parity, breastfeeding, normal vaccinations) belies the rarity of ALL as an outcome. In this commentary, Pombo-de-Oliveira and colleagues show that a key feature may be the combination of particular risk factors, as the birth characteristics “cesarean section” and “birth order” when combined interact to impart higher risk of ALL than would be suggested by the additive risk of both factors. This statistical interaction would be predicted by the “delayed infection hypothesis” wherein infant immune isolation promotes developmental vulnerability to ALL upon infection exposure later in childhood. Pombo-de-Oliveira and colleagues show further that lack of breastfeeding, a postnatal factor leading to further immune isolation, induces additional risk. In sum, the data reveal a combination of factors that together could impart a healthy “trained” immune system allowing for moderated responses to later exposures with microbial and viral antigens. Such priming of the immune system avoids maladaptive immunologic consequences of delayed antigenic stimulation leading to ALL and other diseases. Further research utilizing biomarkers of specific exposures (in addition to the proxy measures used here) will be helpful to realize the full potential for immune modification for ALL prevention.

See related article by Pombo-de-Oliveira et al., p. 371
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Atorvastatin-Treated Women with Euthyroid Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Kowalcze Karolina , Okopień Bogusław
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Autoimmune thyroiditis seems to be associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. Statins, the mainstay of cardiovascular risk reduction and prevention, were found to reduce thyroid antibody titers. The aim of this study was to investigate plasma markers of cardiometabolic risk in statin-treated women with thyroid autoimmunity. Methods: We compared two matched groups of euthyroid women with hypercholesterolemia receiving atorvastatin treatment: subjects with autoimmune (Hashimoto’s) thyroiditis (group A, n = 29) and subjects without thyroid pathology (group B, n = 29). Plasma lipids, glucose homeostasis markers, as well as circulating levels of uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, homocysteine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured before atorvastatin treatment and 6 months later. Results: At entry, both groups differed in antibody titers, insulin sensitivity, and plasma levels of uric acid, hsCRP, fibrinogen, homocysteine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Atorvastatin-induced reduction in hsCRP and homocysteine, but not in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, was more pronounced in group B than in group A. Only in group B, the drug decreased uric acid and fibrinogen and increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D. In group A, atorvastatin reduced insulin responsiveness. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that euthyroid women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may benefit to a lesser degree from atorvastatin treatment than other populations of women with hypercholesterolemia.
Mapping Out the Origins of Electroacoustic Music Studios in Brazil
Authors: de Almeida Ribeiro Felipe , de Oliveira Thomasi Ricardo
Published: March 2023

This research presents a mapping out of Brazilian electroacoustic music studios from 1960 to 2000, especially those that emerged in connection with universities and other institutions. A major criterion was to understand “music studios” as cultural territories, as places for creation, collaboration, and exchange. We present a timeline highlighting the main trajectories of composers, institutions, and events, all related to the development of these studios. We interviewed composers and investigated a wide variety of documents, ranging from scholarly papers and journal articles through books, recordings, and websites. As a result, the timeline introduces the main spaces that have fostered electroacoustic music in Brazil, revealing the idea of gambiarra [make do, workaround], a sort of Brazilian DIY culture.
Resolving Cross-modal Semantic Interference among Object Concepts Requires Medial Temporal Lobe Cortex
Authors: Martin Chris B. , Douglas Danielle M. , Man Louisa L. Y. , Newsome Rachel N. , Kretschmar Ryan A. , Park Haley , Aslam Hira M. , Barense Morgan D.
Published: March 2023

The ability to flexibly categorize object concepts is essential to semantic cognition because the features that make two objects similar in one context may be irrelevant and even constitute interference in another. Thus, adaptive behavior in complex and dynamic environments requires the resolution of feature-based interference. In the current case study, we placed visual and functional semantic features in opposition across object concepts in two categorization tasks. Successful performance required the resolution of functional interference in a visual categorization task and the resolution of visual interference in a functional categorization task. In Experiment 1, we found that patient D. A., an individual with bilateral temporal lobe lesions, was unable to categorize object concepts in a context-dependent manner. His impairment was characterized by an increased tendency to incorrectly group objects that were similar on the task-irrelevant dimension, revealing an inability to resolve cross-modal semantic interference. In Experiment 2, D. A.'s categorization accuracy was comparable to controls when lures were removed, indicating that his impairment is unique to contexts that involve cross-modal interference. In Experiment 3, he again performed as well as controls when categorizing simple concepts, suggesting that his impairment is specific to categorization of complex object concepts. These results advance our understanding of the anterior temporal lobe as a system that represents object concepts in a manner that enables flexible semantic cognition. Specifically, they reveal a dissociation between semantic representations that contribute to the resolution of cross-modal interference and those that contribute to the resolution of interference within a given modality.
Perceptual Training as Means to Assess the Effect of Alpha Frequency on Temporal Binding Window
Authors: Venskus Agnese
Published: March 2023

For decades, it has been shown that alpha frequency is related to temporal binding window, and currently, such is the mainstream viewpoint [Noguchi, Y. Individual differences in beta frequency correlate with the audio–visual fusion illusion. Psychophysiology, 59, e14041, 2022; Gray, M. J., & Emmanouil, T. A. Individual alpha frequency increases during a task but is unchanged by alpha-band flicker. Psychophysiology, 57, e13480, 2020; Hirst, R. J., McGovern, D. P., Setti, A., Shams, L., & Newell, F. N. What you see is what you hear: Twenty years of research using the sound-induced flash illusion. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 118, 759–774, 2020; Keil, J. Double flash illusions: Current findings and future directions. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 298, 2020; Migliorati, D., Zappasodi, F., Perrucci, M. G., Donno, B., Northoff, G., Romei, V., & Costantini, M. Individual alpha frequency predicts perceived visuotactile simultaneity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 32, 1–11, 2020; Keil, J., & Senkowski, D. Individual alpha frequency relates to the sound-induced flash illusion. Multisensory Research, 30, 565–578, 2017; Minami, S., & Amano, K. Illusory jitter perceived at the frequency of alpha oscillations. Current Biology, 27, 2344–2351, 2017; Cecere, R., Rees, G., & Romei, V. Individual differences in alpha frequency drive crossmodal illusory perception. Current Biology, 25, 231–235, 2015]. However, recently, this stance has been challenged [Buergers, S., & Noppeney, U. The role of alpha oscillations in temporal binding within and across the senses. Nature Human Behaviour, 6, 732–742, 2022]. Moreover, both stances appear to have their limitations regarding the reliability of results. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to develop new methodology to gain more reliable results. Perceptual training seems to be such a method that also offers significant practical implications.
New records of riverweeds (Podostemaceae) from the tropical Andes (Ecuador and Colombia): getting our feet wet to bypass collection bias in Neotropical rivers
Authors: BEDOYA ANA M. , PÉREZ ÁLVARO J.
Published: March 2023

Two species of Podostemaceae, with few previous georeferenced records West of the Andes in northern South America, are reported across the Andes in the region. Our records document a wider range of the Podostemaceae in the tropical Andes and result from recent floristic explorations in Andean rivers in Ecuador and Colombia. These new records are of use for future research in the group, as well as for conservation projects in rivers. We call for international collaborative projects supporting local collectors and institutions in Latin America to bolster research in the under-collected river plants and assess their distribution. We extend the invitation to local scientists to get their feet wet and collect plants in river-rapids and waterfalls.
A new species in Hieracium sect. Alpina (Asteraceae) from the Eastern Carpathians in Romania
Authors: SZELĄG ZBIGNIEW
Published: March 2023

Hieracium ciucasense is a new, apomictic species described from the Ciucaş Mountains in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania. It belongs to the H. pietroszense aggregate comprising taxa of presumably hybrid origin between H. alpinum L. and H. bifidum s. lat. The new species is illustrated with photographs of the holotype and living plants; it differs from the other taxa of the H. pietroszense aggregate in the Carpathians in that the leaves are brown-purple spotted. The distribution of the H. pietroszense aggregate in the Carpathians is mapped.
Meteorological Driving Datasets for the U.S. Midwest and Great Lakes Region Incorporating Precipitation Gauge Undercatch Corrections
Authors: Huidobro Gonzalo , Chiu Chun-Mei , Byun Kyuhyun , Hamlet Alan F.
Published: March 2023

Precipitation (P) gauge undercatch (PUC) is an important source of error when using observed meteorological datasets for hydrologic modeling studies in regions with cold and windy winters. Preliminary simulations using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model forced with different meteorological datasets showed significant underprediction of simulated streamflow throughout the domain. A new hybrid gridded meteorological dataset at 1/16° resolution based on observed station data was assembled over the U.S. Midwest and Great Lakes region from 1915 to 2021 at a daily time step. Correction of primary station data using existing techniques is generally difficult or infeasible in the United States due to missing station metadata and lack of local wind speed (WS) measurements. We developed and tested several different postprocessing adjustment techniques using regridded WS obtained from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. The most effective approach corrected rain or mixed P using WS alone, and P as snow using a regressed snow-to-P ratio from a group of wind-shielded reference stations (to account for different and generally unknown snow measurement techniques). The PUC-corrected gridded products were validated against high-quality shielded stations and corrected Global Historical Climatology Network stations with in situ WS, showing good overall agreement. Observed monthly streamflow at 40 river basins was also compared to hydrologic model simulations forced by datasets with and without PUC corrections. The best PUC-corrected dataset produced improvements in streamflow simulations in at least 80% of the streamflow locations for three validation metrics (r2, Nash–Sutcliff efficiency, bias in the mean), demonstrating its value for hydrometeorological studies in the greater Midwest region.

Significance Statement

Many applications in hydrology require in situ precipitation (P) measurements, which are known to have a systematic low bias due to the effects of wind, also known as precipitation undercatch (PUC). Addressing PUC is problematic in the United States due to limited access to detailed station metadata (SMD) and local wind speed (WS) measurements. In this paper we develop a set of procedures to create gridded precipitation datasets for the U.S. Midwest region that incorporate corrections for PUC without needing either (i) detailed SMD or (ii) local WS measurements. Among other tests, results in 40 test basins throughout the Midwest show substantial improvements in simulated streamflow in 32 out of 40 basins when PUC corrections are included in meteorological driving datasets.
Factors Affecting the Rapid Recovery of CAPE on 31 March 2016 during VORTEX-Southeast
Authors: LaFleur Allison T. , Tanamachi Robin L. , Dawson Daniel T. , Turner David D.
Published: March 2023

In this study, we analyze various sources of CAPE in the environment and their contributions to its time tendency that will complement forecast models and operational analyses that are relatively temporally (∼1 h) coarse. As a case study, the relative roles of direct insolation and near-surface moisture advection in the recovery CAPE on 31 March 2016 in northern Alabama are examined using VORTEX-Southeast (VORTEX-SE) observations and numerical simulations. In between rounds of nontornadic morning storms and tornadic evening storms, CAPE over the VORTEX-SE domain increased from near zero to at least 500 J kg−1. A timeline of the day’s events is provided with a focus on the evolution of the lower levels of the atmosphere. We focus on its responses to solar insolation and moisture advection, which we hypothesize as the main mechanisms behind the recovery of CAPE. Data from the University of Massachusetts S-Band frequency-modulated, continuous-wave (FMCW) radar and NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Collaborative Lower Atmospheric Mobile Profiling System (CLAMPS), and high-resolution EnKF analyses from the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) are used to characterize the boundary layer evolution in the pre-tornadic storm environment. It is found that insolation-driven surface diabatic heating was the primary driver of rapid CAPE recovery on this day. The methodology developed in this case can be applied in other scenarios to diagnose the primary drivers of CAPE development.

Significance Statement

The mechanisms by which atmospheric instability recovers can vary widely and are often a source of uncertainty in forecasting. We want to understand how and why the environment destabilized enough to produce an evening tornado following morning storms on 31 March 2016. To do this, we used model data and observations from a collocated radar and profiler. It was found that heating from the sun at the surface was the primary cause of destabilization in the environment.
Traumatic Popliteal Artery Occlusion Following Lower Extremity Crush Injury Presenting With Isolated Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Amro Chris , Parekh Akshat T. , Diamond Keith , Lissauer Matthew E. , Butts Christopher A.
Published: March 2023

While traumatic popliteal artery injury historically has a low incidence, failure to acutely recognize the vascular insult poses a significant risk of limb loss and functional impairment. A 71-year-old male presented with left lower extremity pain in setting of a crush injury working underneath a vehicle resulting in an isolated lateral dislocation of his patella and complete occlusion of the distal popliteal artery. He was taken to the operating room for an in-situ bypass and four-compartment fasciotomy. His hospital stay included three staged washouts/debridements with eventual closure. He was discharged after 38 days to a rehabilitation facility with ability to self-ambulate with assistance within one month. This patient’s presentation is unique for his isolated patellar dislocation without associated injuries characteristically associated with a traumatic vascular injury of the popliteal artery and serves to remind the importance of complete examination in the setting of blunt trauma.
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Causing Atraumatic Splenic Rupture Without Splenic Metastasis
Authors: Amro Chris , Pepe Russel J. , Parekh Akshat T. , Butts Christopher A.
Published: March 2023

Atraumatic splenic rupture (ASR) is a rare occurrence but an important clinical entity. Although trauma is the most common cause of splenic rupture, there is limited literature on ASR. This case report discusses a 59-year-old woman presenting with tension hydrothorax and ASR in the setting of non-small cell lung carcinoma requiring emergent chest tube insertion and emergent splenectomy. Her hospital course was complicated by pulmonary embolism and thrombosis of the inferior vena cava. The patient expired three months after her initial presentation. This patient’s presentation represents only the second documented case of atraumatic splenic rupture secondary to metastatic lung carcinoma without pathological evidence of splenic metastasis. Atraumatic splenic rupture secondary to metastatic NSCLC is a rare occurrence; though failure to detect, it may be fatal. Pathologic ASR may be an occult presentation of lung malignancy and in the presence of confirmed NSCLC may portend a poor prognosis.
What are the Key Determinants of Child Malnutrition in India? Empirical Evidence from NFHS-4
Authors: Seth Payal , Jain Palakh
Published: March 2023

India hosts the highest number of malnourished children in the world. Tackling this challenge requires urgent implementation of targeted policies. However, the current research is not clear on which specific interventions the policymakers should undertake to yield the biggest improvement in child malnutrition in India. Hence, our study aims to contribute to the existing literature by using a novel regression decomposition technique, called the Shapley–Owen decomposition which can estimate the relative contribution of the factors influencing malnutrition. Using the NFHS-4 data, we classify the drivers of child undernutrition (besides age and gender) into different groups, such as infections and medicines, birth characteristics, food intake, child’s environment, mother’s anthropometry, her characteristics, environment, and socio-economic factors. The decomposition informs us that the child’s age and the mother’s anthropometry are the most important determinants of child height and weight outcomes (respectively). This means that access to adequate nutritional provision during the early years of the child’s life is critical to reducing the burden of malnutrition in India. Further, targeting young girls as the beneficiaries of the welfare schemes will improve their anthropometry, which will ensure healthier children in the future. Given the rising challenge of malnutrition in India, there has been a push to enhance investment in a combination of interventions that ensure optimal food intake, its absorption, adequate sanitation, betterment of maternal nutrition as well as education and access to social safety nets. It is in this context that our study is among the first to provide rigorous econometric analysis to determine which among these is the most important. Hence, this guides policymakers to the specific sectors they could target to improve the nutritional well-being of children in India.

JEL Codes: C01, D69, I15, I30, O20, P46
Beef cattle production systems and constraints among subsistence farmers across the Fijian windward–leeward divide
Authors: Singh Shelvindra , Bakare Archibold Garikayi , Iji Paul Ade , Zindove Titus Jairus
Published: March 2023

The objective of the study was to describe beef production systems and constraints among subsistence farmers across the Fijian windward–leeward divide. Data were collected from a total of 200 beef cattle owners from windward and leeward locations (100 each) using a structured questionnaire. In both geographical regions, the heads of the households were mostly males and married. Cattle were ranked as the most important species of livestock kept in both leeward and windward areas. In both leeward and windward locations, cattle were mainly kept as a source of income and draught power. Challenges to cattle production differed with the production environment. The major challenges faced by cattle farmers in leeward locations were drought and pasture shortage while farmers in windward locations mainly had theft and disease cases. The odds ratio of Hindu farmers practicing tethering as a grazing method was five times higher than Christian farmers ( p < 0.05). Farmers with medium pieces of land were 14 times more likely to use paddocks for grazing their cattle than those with small pieces of land ( p < 0.05). Farmers in both leeward and windward locations mostly kept non-descript cattle breeds (>60%) and did not control mating. It was concluded that challenges faced by farmers differed with the production environment but feeding and breeding practices were the same across windward and leeward management locations.
Covid-Related Stress in the Financial, Relational and Health Domains. Which Longitudinal Effects on Present and Future Perception?
Authors: Lanz Margherita , Caliciuri Rossella , Iafrate Raffaella , Regalia Camillo , Rosnati Rosa , Sorgente Angela
Published: March 2023

While pre-covid literature about stress has indicated the importance of studying domain-specific stress, studies conducted during the pandemic have investigated covid-related stress as a monodimensional construct. The current study aimed to assess the impact that covid-related stress in three domains (financial, relational, health) had on individuals’ psychological well-being and future anxiety. Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether the relationship among variables changed during the different phases of the pandemic as well as whether age moderated those relationships. Data were collected from 4185 Italian participants (55.4% female) aged 18–90 years ( M = 46.10; SD = 13.47) at three waves: April 2020 (time 1), July 2020 (time 2), May 2021 (time 3). A cross-lagged panel model was run in Mplus. Results indicated that the financial domain is the life domain within which people are most worried during the pandemic, as it had the strongest impact on both psychological well-being and future anxiety. Having high levels of psychological well-being at time t served as a protective factor, as it was negatively related to any kinds of stress as well as to future anxiety at time t+1. These relationships among variables were stable over the course of the pandemic. Finally, we found significant age differences in the mean level for all variables under investigation, where young adults were the group with the highest level of stress and future anxiety as well as the lowest level of psychological well-being. Despite these differences in the variables’ level, the relationships between variables were invariant across age groups. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Social Comparison and Female Adolescents’ Selfie Behaviors: Body Surveillance as the Mediator and Self-Esteem as the Moderator
Authors: Lyu Zhenyong , Zheng Panpan , Kou Dongquan
Published: March 2023

The current study aimed to examine whether body surveillance mediated the relation between social comparison and selfie behaviors, and whether this mediating process was moderated by self-esteem. A sample of 339 female adolescents were recruited to participate in the present study and completed self-report measures of selfie behaviors, upward and downward appearance comparisons with peers, self-objectification and self-esteem. Results indicated that body surveillance mediated the association between upward physical appearance comparison and selfie behaviors. In addition, self-esteem moderated the relation between body surveillance and selfie behaviors. These findings add to the extant literature by suggesting that selfies may be some new ways of body surveillance and physical appearance comparison, which have some theoretical and practical implications.
Abortion and the Law in the United States: From Roe to Dobbs and Beyond
Authors: Kaveny M. Cathleen
Published: March 2023

This Note traces the evolution of US constitutional law from Roe v. Wade (1973), which established a right to abortion, to Dobbs v. Jackson (2022), which overturned Roe along with Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) and returned the issue to the states. It examines the questions of constitutional interpretation raised by Dobbs. It considers practical challenges, including the patchwork of state laws, the prevalence of medical abortion, and the aggressive stance taken by both sides. Finally, it proposes elements for a principled compromise about law in the United States, which takes seriously the full humanity of the unborn and is attentive to other jurisprudentially relevant factors, including lack of support for women facing crisis pregnancies and the relationship between race and abortion.
An unusual rectal foreign body: A sundried corn-stick
Authors: Lian Chao , Hou Jian-Gen , Wang Jie , Liu Xiao-Jun , Li Xue-Lei
Published: March 2023

Though common, the extraction of rectal foreign bodies is still a great challenge for surgeons. The foreign body's position can usually be verified by plain abdominal radiography. Given the potential of sexually transmitted disease, screening for HIV, hepatitis, and syphilis is warranted prior to intervention. The utilization and selection of surgical instruments need to be flexible, ingenious, and innovative.
Pore system classification of Jurassic Da’anzhai Member Lacustrine Shale: Insight from pore fluid distribution
Authors: Cai Guangyin , Gu Yifan , Fu Yonghong , Jiang Yuqiang , Wei Zhihong , Wang Zimeng , Liu Ruobing , Qiu Xiaoxue
Published: March 2023

Lacustrine shale oil has the potential to lead the development of China's oil and gas industry. By integrating scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature CO2 and N2 adsorption, high-pressure mercury intrusion, and nuclear magnetic resonance with centrifugation at different speeds, the pore system and pore fluid distribution of Da’anzhai Member lacustrine shale in the Sichuan Basin are studied. The results show that: (1) The reservoir space is mainly inorganic pores and micro-fractures. Nano-micron scale pores are commonly found and widely distributed in the Da’anzhai shale with multiple peaks of 28 nm, 200 nm, 900 nm, and 3.5 µm. The total pore volume ranges from 0.00849 to 0.02808 cm³/g, and the pores ranging from 100 nm to 1000 nm are the main contributors to total pore volume. (2) Pore fluid can be divided into movable oil, bound oil, and adsorption oil. The proportion of movable oil, bound oil, and adsorbed oil is 21.4%, 12.4%, and 66.2% in Da’anzhai shale, respectively. Movable oil mainly occurs in pores larger than 350 nm, bound oil is 30–350 nm, while adsorbed oil mainly exists in pores below 30 nm. (3) The higher the total organic carbon content and clay minerals content, the smaller the pore size, resulting in the low content of movable oil. The higher the content of brittle minerals such as quartz, the better the development of intergranular pores and microfractures, and the higher the content of movable oil. Through the grading evaluation of shale pore structure and pore fluid, it is conducive to guide the exploration and development of Da’anzhai shale oil, which has important theoretical and practical significance.
Framing data witnessing: Airwars and the production of authority in conflict monitoring
Authors: Ford Heather , Richardson Michael
Published: March 2023

Civilian victims of aerial warfare too often go uncounted and unrecognised by the belligerents. Myriad images and video of attacks against Syrian civilians did little to end their suffering, for example. The UK-based not-for-profit Airwars has had tangible impact on civilian harm disclosures and reparations because they have been able to shape such representations in a form that will be recognised by those with the power to enact change. Building on established theories of media witnessing and their extension to what Gray calls ‘data witnessing’, we argue that Airwars reveals the operative role of framing in open-source investigation and the forms of it witnessing it produces. Through interviews with key team members and detailed analysis of Airwars published methodology and other materials, this article shows how open-source investigations broadens the frame for witnessing civilian harm and in doing so generates relational, multi-scalar accounts of state violence that remain open to contestation and confirmation. In doing so, Airwars claims an epistemic authority via its distinctive framing of emergent practices of witnessing that depend upon the assembling of roles, standards, spatialities and techniques.
Implementation of clinical guidelines in specialized palliative care—results from a national improvement project: A national register-based study
Authors: Rojas-Concha Leslye , Hansen Maiken Bang , Adsersen Mathilde , Petersen Morten Aagaard , Groenvold Mogens
Published: March 2023

Background:

Knowledge about the process and the results of the implementation of clinical guidelines to improve palliative care is limited. A national project aimed at improving the quality of life of advanced cancer patients admitted to specialized palliative care services in Denmark by implementing clinical guidelines for the treatment of pain, dyspnea, constipation, and depression.

Aim:

To investigate the degree of clinical guideline implementation by evaluating the proportion of patients treated according to guidelines among those who qualified (i.e. reported severe symptom level) before and after the 44 palliative care services implemented the guidelines, and how often different types of interventions were provided.

Design:

This is a national register-based study.

Setting/participants:

Data from the improvement project were stored in and later obtained from the Danish Palliative Care Database. Adult patients with advanced cancer admitted to palliative care between September 2017 and June 2019 who answered the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL questionnaire were included.

Results:

In total 11,330 patients answered the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL. The proportions of services that implemented the four guidelines ranged 73%–93%. Among services that had implemented guidelines, the proportion of patients receiving interventions was roughly constant over time reaching between 54% and 86% (lowest for depression). Pain and constipation were frequently treated pharmacologically (66%–72%), whereas dyspnea and depression were frequently treated non-pharmacologically (61% each).

Conclusions:

Implementing clinical guidelines was more successful for physical symptoms than for depression. The project generated national data on interventions provided when guidelines were followed, which may be used to understand differences in care and outcomes.
Investigation of self-treatment with lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin mushrooms: Findings from the Global Drug Survey 2020
Authors: Kopra Emma I , Ferris Jason A , Winstock Adam R , Kuypers Kim PC , Young Allan H , Rucker James J
Published: March 2023

Background:

Growing numbers of people are using psychedelics for personal psychotherapy outside clinical settings, but research on such use is scarce.

Aims:

This study investigated the patterns of use, self-reported outcomes and outcome predictors of psychedelic ‘self-treatment’ of mental health conditions or specific worries/concerns in life.

Methods:

We use data from the Global Drug Survey 2020, a large online survey on drug use collected between November 2019 and February 2020. In all, 3364 respondents reported their self-treatment experiences with lysergic acid diethylamide ( N = 1996) or psilocybin mushrooms ( N = 1368). The primary outcome of interest was the 17-item self-treatment outcome scale, items reflecting aspects of well-being, psychiatric symptoms, social-emotional skills, and health behaviours.

Results:

Positive changes were observed across all 17 outcome items, with the strongest benefits on items related to insight and mood. Negative effects were reported by 22.5% of respondents. High intensity of psychedelic experience, seeking advice before treatment, treating with psilocybin mushrooms and treating post-traumatic stress disorder were associated with higher scores on the self-treatment outcome scale after averaging values across all 17 items. Younger age, high intensity of experience and treating with LSD were associated with increased number of negative outcomes.

Conclusions:

This study brings important insights into self-treatment practices with psychedelics in a large international sample. Outcomes were generally favourable, but negative effects appeared more frequent than in clinical settings. Our findings can help inform safe practices of psychedelic use in the community, and inspire clinical research. Future research can be improved with utilisation of prospective designs and additional predictive variables.
“Naomi the Nurse: Obed’s Ambiguous Identity Transmission”
Authors: Palmer Carmen
Published: March 2023

Three central figures within Israelite tradition—Isaac, Moses, and Samuel—are breastfed as infants by their own mothers, an activity that scholarship argues transfers identity. The case of the baby Obed, future grandfather of King David, however, is ambiguous: Ruth 4.16 articulates that Naomi becomes Obed’s “nurse,” derived from the root אמן‎, but not specifically that she “nurses” (breastfeeds) Obed, drawing on the root ינק‎. The present essay studies cases of the root אמן‎ when paired with a reference to a child or identified figure to assess Naomi’s role vis-à-vis Obed and to imagine the locus of Obed’s identity transmission. Though the text may be intentionally ambiguous, Naomi serves as Obed’s wet nurse and purveyor of Judahite kinship and identity.
Extensibility of a Machine Learning Model for Stormwater Basin Design and Retrofit Optimization Through a User-Friendly Web Application
Authors: Li Haochen , Spelman David , Sansalone John
Published: March 2023

To sequester particulate matter (PM) and chemical loads, stormwater basins are a common infrastructure component of transportation land use systems in a planning/design or a retrofit phase. Basin design relies on residence time (RT), capacity–inflow ratio (CIR), and continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) concepts to provide presumptive guidance for load reduction. For example, 14-day (or 21-day) RT is presumed to provide load reduction for total suspended solids (TSS) (e.g., commonly 80%), and for total phosphorus (TP) (e.g., commonly 60%). Despite such guidance, most existing basins are impaired—not meeting presumptive guidance, whether for TSS, nutrients, or chemicals (e.g., metals). RT guidance results in high initial basin design costs (land and construction). For impaired basin retrofit, RT guidance generates a significantly higher cost (area/volume increase), if such a retrofit is even feasible considering proximate infrastructure constraints. This study presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-machine learning (ML) augmented web application, DeepXtorm, for cost–benefit optimization of basin design and retrofit. DeepXtorm is examined against basin costs from as-built data, RT, CIR, and CSTR (deployed in the Storm Water Management Model [SWMM]) over a range of load reduction levels of TSS (60%–90%) and TP (40%–60%). For a given load reduction requirement, DeepXtorm demonstrates up to an order of magnitude (or more) lower basin cost compared with RT, CIR, and CSTR models, and greater than an order of magnitude compared with as-built cost data. DeepXtorm represents a more robust and cost-effective tool for stormwater basin design and retrofit.
Analysis and Prediction Model of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene-Modified Asphalt Aging by Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Tan , Song Yiming , Yuan Chaosheng
Published: March 2023

Thermal-photo-oxidative coupling and anaerobic and thermal-oxidative aging conditioning at 135°C were conducted on styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt at different aging temperatures in this paper. The changes of the functional group index before and after aging of modified asphalt were quantified by the attenuated total reflection method of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and a nonlinear model of aging degree and aging prediction of SBS-modified asphalt was established. The results show that the comprehensive aging index, which characterizes the aging of SBS-modified asphalt by the carbonyl index, sulfoxide index, polybutadiene index, and polystyrene index, can evaluate the aging degree well. The established nonlinear model can accurately quantify the final aging degree and aging rate of SBS-modified asphalt.
Laser sintering of polyether sulfone/carbon black composite powders using near-infrared laser
Authors: Meng Deyu , Guo Yanling , Li Jian , Guo Shuai
Published: March 2023

Low-cost miniaturized laser sintering equipment remains lacking at present; therefore, the development of laser sintering technology and its widespread applications are significantly hindered. Traditional laser sintering equipment is composed of a carbon dioxide laser, water cooling system, powder-box-heating device, and thermal insulation device. Such requirements are the main factors limiting the miniaturization and economic efficiency of laser sintering equipment. Herein, a laser-sintered material was fabricated by sintering using a near-infrared laser light source with a wavelength of 1064 nm without heating, and its microstructure and properties were systematically studied. Polyether sulfone (PES) and carbon black (CB) powders were selected as the raw materials for preparing PES/CB composites by mechanical mixing. For synthesizing the PES/CB composite powders, the CB powder content was varied within the range of 0.25%–1.5%. The PES/CB powders with different component ratios were subjected to laser sintering treatment, and the corresponding microstructural evolutions of the sintered parts were analyzed. The effects of different component ratios on the mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy of the sintered part were investigated, and the optimal content of CB powders of the PES/CB composite material was determined. Additionally, the effects of laser power (10–18 W), scanning speed (1200–1600 mm/s), and scanning spacing (0.04–0.08 mm) on the forming quality of the sintered parts of the PES/CB composite powders were evaluated. The processing parameters of the laser sintering of PES/CB composite powders were explored using orthogonal experimental tests and optimized using the comprehensive weighted method.
Synergetic influence of TiCnp and graphite particles on tribological performance of Cu based composites prepared by flake powder metallurgy
Authors: Ankit  , Gautam Gaurav , Singh Kamalesh K , Mohan Sunil
Published: March 2023

The Cu base composites play a key role in multiple industrial applications such as bearing materials and carbon brushes owing to their superior thermal, mechanical and tribological features. Therefore, in the present investigation, synergetic influence of nano titanium carbide (TiCnp) and graphite particles (Grp) on tribological behaviour of Cu base self-lubricating composites have been studied. The composites with fixed 5wt% of Grp and varying amounts (1.5wt% to 4.5wt%) of TiCnp were prepared via flake powder metallurgy (flake PM) technique. The sintered samples were characterized by different techniques for phases, physical, morphological and mechanical properties. Pin-on-disc (POD) tribotester has been used to analyse the tribological behaviour of composites in dry sliding condition by varying loads (10 N to 30 N) and sliding velocities (0.75 m/s and 1.5 m/s) for a fixed sliding distance of 2000 m. The results indicate the successful formation of Cu-Grp and TiCnp-reinforced Cu-Grp composites. With addition of Grp, the wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF) of Cu matrix is reduced. The wear rate is further reduced with the incorporation of TiCnp particles. But, the COF shows the enhancement. The composite having 5wt% Grp–4.5wt% TiCnp shows the minimum wear and maximum hardness. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping of worn surfaces indicates that TiCnp mechanically interlocks the graphite at the interface and prevent its removal and reduces the wear rate. The worn surface investigation also shows that the dominant mechanism of wear for pure Cu sample is delamination in nature. However, the mechanism of wear for TiCnp-reinforced composites is a combination of abrasive and delamination wear.
Classic Text No. 134: ‘A case of Wernicke-Bostroem’s expansive autopsychosis’, by Ib Ostenfeld (1944)
Authors: Schioldann Johan
Published: March 2023

Expansive autopsychosis, grouped with cycloid psychoses – an illness entity of double origin: (1) Morel’s notion degeneracy, reformulated by Magnan and Legrain (reflected in Wimmer’s concept: psychogenic psychosis); (2) Wernicke’s, Kleist’s, Bostroem’s (and later Leonhard’s) notion of these purportedly independent conditions. Locked in the Danish language, Strömgren and Ostenfeld provided important contributions to this field, exemplified by Ostenfeld’s casuistry, translated in this Classic Text.