bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
University College Students’ Experiences with Online Teaching One Year after COVID-19 Lockdown in Spring 2020
Authors: Bak Carsten Kronborg , Schulin Simon
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to explore university college students’ experiences with online teaching one year after the lockdown in spring 2021.With quantitative cluster analysis, we have identified a “learning gradient” among students, showing that cluster 1 students have the most positive preferences towards online teaching and the highest degree of self-regulation and learning outcome, cluster 2 students are mixed (both positive and negative experiences), and cluster 3 students have the most negative preferences and the lowest self-regulation and learning outcome. In this study, we used 5 focus group interviews with 29 students based on their preferences towards online teaching to discuss and reflect on their own study planning, the shift in the learning environment, their perceived learning outcome, and positive and negative experiences from online teaching. The results from this study have shown that students’ self-regulated learning strategies during online teaching environment are important for their learning outcome. Thus, we demonstrate the disjunction between students’ learning outcome and the classroom as a fixed place for learning.
Investigating the Relationship between Economic Growth, Institutional Environment and Sulphur Dioxide Emissions
Authors: Hou Xiaohua , Cheng Bo , Xia Zhiliang , Zhou Haijun , Shen Qi , Lu Yanjie , Nazemi Ehsan , Zhang Guodao
Published: March 2023

In order to promote ecological sustainability, the issue of sulphur dioxide emissions is of increasing interest to researchers. Majority of the current research, however, focuses on the relationship between sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions, foreign direct investment (FDI), and trade, as well as the effects of trade on SO2 emissions, thus rarely takes it into account that the greater impact of the institutional environment and economic growth on SO2 emissions. Using the 2008–2017 provincial panel data, this paper uses a fixed effects model to empirically test the institutional environment and economic growth of sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions. The results show that GDP growth and SO2 emissions had an inverted “U”-shaped relationship. The institutional environment and the higher level of government intervention in the region led to SO2 emissions decreasing significantly, and the institutional environment and the level of government intervention on economic growth and SO2 emissions form a negative regulatory role. In this paper, environmental governance research, specified by the regional environmental governance, and government environmental performance audit policy provide empirical evidence, thus promoting sustainable ecological and environmental development.
Rural Building Extraction Based on Joint U-Net and the Generalized Chinese Restaurant Franchise from Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Wang Zixiong , Li Shaodan , Zhu Zimeng
Published: March 2023

The extraction of rural buildings from remote sensing images plays a critical role in the development of rural areas. However, automatic building extraction has a challenge because of the diverse types of buildings and complex backgrounds. In this paper, we proposed a two-layer clustering framework named gCRF_U-Net for the extraction of rural buildings. Before the building extraction, the potential built-up areas are firstly detected, which are taken as a constraint for building extraction. Then, the U-Net network is employed to obtain the prior probability of the potential buildings. After this, the calculated probability and the satellite image are put into the generalized Chinese restaurant franchise (gCRF) model to cluster for buildings and non-buildings. In addition, it is worth noting that the hierarchical spatial relationship in the images is clarified for the building extraction. According to the compared experiments on the satellite images and public building datasets, the results show that the proposed method has a better performance, compared with other methods based on the same unified hierarchical models, in terms of quantitative and qualitative evaluation.
Is There a Right Way to Lay Off Employees in Times of Crisis?: The Role of Organizational Justice in the Case of Airbnb
Authors: Lee Sanghyun , Hong Sounman , Lee Bong Gyou
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the tourism and services sector. Using the example of Airbnb’s recent layoff of 25% of its workforce, we focused on the role of organizational justice in mitigating the negative psychological impacts of layoffs. Based on a unique survey of Airbnb employees who survived the layoffs, as well as those who left, we employed an ordinary least squares regression to show that employees’ perceptions of organizational justice were positively related to their job satisfaction and trust in management, while being negatively related to their emotional exhaustion and cynicism. We discovered the crucial importance of interactional justice (i.e., interpersonal and informational justice). The respect, dignity, and politeness shown by management (i.e., interpersonal justice), as well as truthful and adequate communication about the procedure (i.e., informational justice) were pivotal to successfully conducting layoffs, especially during unprecedented economic uncertainty.
Preparation of Red Iron by Magnetization Roasting-Hydrothermal Method Using Ultra-Low-Grade Limonite
Authors: Xu Geng , Li Fei , Jiang Peipei , Zhang Shiqiu
Published: March 2023

Iron is one of the most important strategic materials in national production, and the demand for iron ore is huge in the world. High quality iron ore reserves have been almost exhausted, and it is necessary to develop a technology that utilizes low-grade iron ore. Limonite is a representative low-grade iron ore due to its complex mineral and elemental composition. In this paper, the union process was employed to separate the iron elements in low-grade limonite. Firstly, a rough iron concentrate was obtained under 1.0 T of magnetic field intensity and −0.074 mm > 94.84% of grinding fineness; then, the rough iron concentrate was magnetization roasted under a temperature of 700 °C, 60 min of retention time, 3 wt% of biochar consumption, and 0.15 T of magnetic field intensity. The grade of iron concentrate was 59.57% and the recovery of iron was 90.72%. Finally, the red iron pigment was produced via a high temperature hydrothermal method in order to increase the additional value of this ultra-low-grade limonite. The optimal parameters were 10.0 g/L of solution acidity, a 200 °C reaction temperature, 5 h of reaction time, and a 6:1 solid-to-liquid ratio. The reaction mechanism was also discussed.
Kinematic Analysis of the Forward Head Posture Associated with Smartphone Use
Authors: Fercho Justyna , Krakowiak Michał , Yuser Rami , Szmuda Tomasz , Zieliński Piotr , Szarek Dariusz , Miękisiak Grzegorz
Published: March 2023

Background: Frequent use of mobile devices has a known association with musculoskeletal neck pain. This study sought out to localize the region with greatest flexion in the cervical spine and explored the role of symmetry in maintaining the pose during texting. Methods: Three inertial measuring units (IMUs) superficially attached along the cervical spine divided the cervical spine into two measurable segments. Twenty-five subjects participated in the study and performed three tasks when using smartphones: sitting, standing, and walking. Data from each IMU were used to calculate the flexion of cervical divided into two segments: craniocervical junction (C0–C1) and subaxial (C1–C7). Results: The greatest flexion by far occurred at C0–C1. While sitting, standing, and walking, the mean flexion angles were 33.33 ± 13.56°, 27.50 ± 14.05°, and 32.03 ± 10.03° for the C0–C1 joint and −3.30 ± 10.10°, 2.50 ± 9.99°, and −1.05 ± 11.88° for the C2–C7 segment, respectively. There is a noticeable pattern of yaw movement of the head, with a slow rotation toward symmetry and a fast corrective movement toward the smartphone held in one hand. Conclusions: This study identified the region of greatest contribution toward forward flexion along the cervical parameters during various tasks involving smartphone use. With each task, the greatest contributor to head flexion was the C0–C1 joint. There is involuntary rotation of the cervical spine toward symmetry when texting.
Leptogenesis and Dark Matter–Nucleon Scattering Cross Section in the SE6SSM
Authors: Nevzorov Roman
Published: March 2023

The E6-inspired extension of the minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) standard model (MSSM) with an extra U(1)N gauge symmetry, under which right-handed neutrinos have zero charge, involves exotic matter beyond the MSSM to ensure anomaly cancellation. We consider the variant of this extension (SE6SSM) in which the cold dark matter is composed of the lightest neutral exotic fermion and gravitino. The observed baryon asymmetry can be induced in this case via the decays of the lightest right-handed neutrino/sneutrino into exotic states even for relatively low reheating temperatures TR≲106−7GeV. We argue that there are some regions of the SE6SSM parameter space, which are safe from all current constraints, and discuss the implications of this model for collider phenomenology.
Key Factors and Parameter Ranges for Immune Control of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Infection
Authors: Hull-Nye Dylan , Meadows Tyler , Smith? Stacey R. , Schwartz Elissa J.
Published: March 2023

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) is an important infection in equids, and its similarity to HIV creates hope for a potential vaccine. We analyze a within-host model of EIAV infection with antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In this model, the stability of the biologically relevant endemic equilibrium, characterized by the coexistence of long-term antibody and CTL levels, relies upon a balance between CTL and antibody growth rates, which is needed to ensure persistent CTL levels. We determine the model parameter ranges at which CTL and antibody proliferation rates are simultaneously most influential in leading the system towards coexistence and can be used to derive a mathematical relationship between CTL and antibody production rates to explore the bifurcation curve that leads to coexistence. We employ Latin hypercube sampling and least squares to find the parameter ranges that equally divide the endemic and boundary equilibria. We then examine this relationship numerically via a local sensitivity analysis of the parameters. Our analysis is consistent with previous results showing that an intervention (such as a vaccine) intended to control a persistent viral infection with both immune responses should moderate the antibody response to allow for stimulation of the CTL response. Finally, we show that the CTL production rate can entirely determine the long-term outcome, regardless of the effect of other parameters, and we provide the conditions for this result in terms of the identified ranges for all model parameters.
Feasibility of Achieving Efficient Nitrite Accumulation in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor: The Influencing Factors, Microbial Structures, and Biofilm Characteristics
Authors: Li Hongyi , Xue Zhaoxia , Yin Tongxin , Liu Tingfeng , Hu Zhixin
Published: March 2023

Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is considered as a promising technology for wastewater treatment owing to the high biomass retention and low cost. In this study, the performance of using MBBR for partial denitrification (PD) was investigated. Denitrifying biofilm was successfully formed after 40 days with the biomass and nitrite reduction rate of 40.83 mg VSS/g carriers and 51.52 mg N/(gVSS·h), respectively. Morphology analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the biofilm surface was dominant by cocci, filamentous bacteria, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Investigation about the influencing factors of PD found that the optimal COD/NO3−-N and pH for efficient nitrite production (nitrate to nitrite ratio: 96.49%) was 3 and 9, respectively. Moreover, Saccharimonadales was proved to be dominant functional microbes in the constructed PD systems with different influent conditions because its relative abundance exhibited good correlation with the nitrite accumulation. By analyzing the biofilm characteristics under different conditions, PD was observed to mainly occur in the range of 300–700 μm inside the biofilm, where most of the dissolved oxygen was consumed. This study confirmed the feasibility and superior performance of PD-MBBR system.
A Review of the Water–Carbon Nexus in Urban Systems
Authors: Han Xiao , Shi Wei-Yu , Yao Yu-Xia
Published: March 2023

The rapid development of cities has brought a lot of carbon emissions and water consumption, leading to disasters, such as the greenhouse effect and drought. However, there is a lack of systematic review on the key nodes for the water–carbon nexus and the key points of water-saving and emission reduction improvement in the urban systems. This study reviewed the definition of the water–carbon nexus, analyzed its changing mechanism in different urban systems, and concluded the major methodologies applied in the nexus studies. The main findings are as follows: (1) the water/wastewater treatment in water systems and the structure transformation in energy systems are the key nodes for the water–carbon nexus. (2) From the perspective of methodologies, the research focus has gradually changed from single system and process analysis to multi-system and whole process analysis. (3) There is a tendency to sacrifice large water consumption in exchange for carbon reduction in the urban systems, calling for explorations in the water–carbon balance. (4) More comprehensive methods, systematic data support, and accurate definition of system boundaries are required to quantify the nexus. This study systematically reviewed the existing achievements on the water–carbon nexus, providing support for urban metabolism and related policy makings.
Contamination of Water and Sediments of Harike Wetland with Phthalate Esters and Associated Risk Assessment
Authors: Chaudhary Gauri , Jasrotia Akanksha , Raj Pushap , Kaur Rajanbir , Kumari Arpna , Rajput Vishnu D. , Minkina Tatiana , Mandzhieva Saglara , Kaur Rajinder
Published: March 2023

Phthalate esters (PEs) are esters that are used as plasticizers and are widely known for their contamination and toxicological effects on various environmental matrices. The present study is designed to observe the co-occurrence of phthalate esters and their ecotoxicological and human health risk assessments on Harike wetland, Ramsar, a site recognized globally, is the largest freshwater wetland in Northern India. During the winter, summer, and monsoon seasons, samples of the water and sediments were collected. These samples were then analyzed for ubiquitously detected seven PEs as per the literature survey using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. According to the results, the total PEs content in the water sample ranged from 31.5 to 95.6 mg/L, whereas in the sediments it ranged from 35.1 to 345.2 mg/100 g dw. Prominent levels of PEs in water and sediments from the Harike wetland were discovered when compared to studies from different parts of the world. Based on drinking water consumption there is a potentially high risk of PEs especially benzyl butyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate. Further, as per the US Environmental Protection Agency, chronic values of PEs levels in water and sediments are expected to possess a threat to sensitive organisms present in freshwater ecosystems. As far, as this is a detailed study that described the levels and ecotoxicological risks of PEs and is an important reference for the protection of aquatic organisms in the Harike wetland.
Psychological characteristics of women with breast cancer who have applied for specialized medical care late
Authors: Ponomareva Irina , Pakhomova Yana , Tsiring Diana
Published: March 2023

Long intervals between detecting breast cancer and the beginning of treatment can influence the prognosis of the course of the disease and survival. This research aims to reveal the psychological characteristics of women with breast cancer who applied for specialized medical care late after detecting a mass lesion in the breast. The methods used in the study were a questionnaire, a test method, and methods of mathematical data processing. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method was used as a method of mathematical statistics. The study involved 149 women aged 32 to 80 years (mean age 55 years) with breast cancer of different stages under the care of an oncologist from the time of diagnosis up to 6 months, living in Chelyabinsk city and Chelyabinsk region, Russia, who took part in the study in 2019-2021. Based on empirical research, it was found that women who delayed contacting their doctor to diagnose and initiate treatment of breast cancer had a more positive worldview, a more diverse repertoire of coping strategies, expressed motivational and cognitive components of personal helplessness, and an internal locus of control, compared to women who addressed their physician at the first signs of breast cancer.
Hypertextuality and the fall of the structuralist paradigm: a genettian reading of the Odyssey's selected hypertexts
Authors: Bagherian Sophia , Yaghoobi-Derabi Javad
Published: March 2023

Man's natural ability to tell stories was not hidden from literary critics' speculative eyes. Oral and written storytelling has been around for thousands of years. The fascination with ontological and epistemological questions regarding being and the unknown has prompted the man to use his imagination motor to explore and dwell simultaneously in both real and fictional worlds, actual and virtual ones. This article is an attempt to connect different interpretations of trans-textualized hypertexts or retellings that have emerged as a result of the contemporary movements of structuralism and poststructuralism in the light of Gerard Genette’s narrative theory, in order to emphasize the dialectic of assumptions and positive expectations. Structuralist narrative theories prove inapt to justify the thematic modifications of the hypertexts created as the result of trans fictionality. To meet the aim of the study the descriptive method is utilized, which seeks to explore the narratological dimensions of the four retellings above of the Odyssey, based on the structuralist view. Considering the results, narratological reading based on the overall structure of a narrative, or langue, cannot justify the changes that hypersexuality is responsible for, and the reading has to be in line with the parole, or the specific style of each hypertext.
Evolução histórica do código florestal brasileiro e o impacto na produção agropecuária
Authors: De Carvalho Jullyanna Nair , Castro Francylara Miranda , De Carvalho Pollyanna Aparecida , Nicoleli Marcello , Dos Santos Antônio Carlos , Pifano Daniel Salgado
Published: March 2023

A questão ambiental tem sido tema de reiteradas discussões no Brasil nos últimos anos. A votação do Novo Código Florestal Brasileiro (NCFB) dividiu as lideranças governamentais e a sociedade em bancadas “ambientalista” e “ruralista”. O Brasil se destaca tanto pela composição de sua biodiversidade quanto por sua expertise na produção agropecuária. Por esse motivo, é imprescindível que a legislação seja capaz de garantir o desenvolvimento econômico sem comprometer a conservação e preservação do meio ambiente. Assim, buscou-se dar um panorama das modificações do Novo Código Florestal no desenvolvimento da produção agropecuária e na conservação do meio ambiente no Brasil. Para isso foi apresentada a evolução do NCFB, e seus principais pontos para a produção agropecuária, sobretudo no que diz respeito à Reserva Legal e Áreas de Preservação Permanente. O estudo mostra que o NCFB foi uma demanda das mudanças ambientais dos últimos anos, e que a produção agropecuária deverá se adaptar às novas regras. Nota-se também a importância da produção de alimentos e da conservação ambiental exercidas pelo meio rural para a manutenção da qualidade de vida da população urbana.
ENKRIPSI TEKS DENGAN PENDEKATAN BITSTREAM
Authors: Februariyanti Herny , Susanto Arief , Azhari Andi , Rihartanto Rihartanto
Published: March 2023

Informasi merupakan aset penting baik itu bagi pemerintah, organisasi swasta, universitas, LSM, atau perorangan. Perkembangan teknologi yang pesat menjadikan informasi semakin penting lagi. Karenanya informasi perlu mendapat pengamanan. Bukan hanya isinya, tetapi saluran atau media yang digunakan untuk penyebaran informasi. Pada penelitian ini pendekaran bitstream digunakan pengaman data teks menggunakan kunci simetris sederhana. Penggunaan operasi XOR dalam penggabungan datastream dan keystream menghasilkan konfusi yang tinggi pada ciphertext. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya perubahan yang signifikan pada hasil enkripsi yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai Avalanche effect yang tinggi dan nilai koefesien korelasi yang rendah. Nilai Avalanche effect tertinggi adalah 53.91% dan koefesien korelasi terbaik adalah -0.0094. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa enkripsi dengan pendekaran bitstream dapat menghasilkan ciphertext yang baik, dimana hasil enkripsi tidak dipengaruhi oleh teks aslinya
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE BERBASIS WEBSITE
Authors: Widjaja Stephanus , Hermanto Rafael Ercole
Published: March 2023

Pengembangan sistem informasi akademik bertujuan untuk memberikan sarana dasar kepada perguruan tinggi. Sistem informasi akademik diperlukan untuk mengelola seluruh kegiatan akademik diantaranya mengelola kartu rencana studi, mengelola kartu hasil studi, mengelola data dosen dan tenaga kependidikan, mengelola data mahasiswa, mengelola kelas, mengelola pertemuan dan presensi. Memiliki sistem informasi akademik akan mengurangi resiko keamanan data serta mendukung kemandirian pengelolaan teknologi informasi. Pengembangan sistem informasi ini menggunakan metode penghimpunan data menggunakan metode tanya jawab (interview) dan pengamatan lapangan. Performance, Information, Economics, Control, Efficiency dan Service adalah metode PIECES yang akan digunakan dalam menganalisa sistem. Unified Modelling Language (UML) adalah metode perancangan sistem yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. System engineering, Requirement analysis, Design, Coding, Testing dan Maintenance adalah metode pengembangan sistem Waterfall yang peneliti gunakan. Sistem informasi akademik dikembangkan sesuai kebutuhan institusi saat ini tetapi seiring perkembangan peraturan dan kebutuhan institusi maka perlu dilakukan evaluasi kinerja secara periodik.
KESIAPAN ORANG TUA MENDAMPINGI BELAJAR ANAK SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Purnama Sari Maya Ayu , Rusma  , Nursyah Ismail Syarof
Published: March 2023

Schools in Bali Learn Online (BDR) according to directions from the government due to the high Covid-19 cases. Learning activities carried out from home during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially at the SD/MI level, require the readiness of parents to accompany their children to learn at home. This study aims to determine the readiness of parents of MI Ma'arif Tabanan students in accompanying their children to learn during the Covid-19 pandemic. The approach used is descriptive quantitative type of survey research. Data collection is done through questionnaires, observation and documentation. The samples taken were 148 parents, then the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, namely calculating the score or percentage of each indicator. The results showed that 40% of parents were ready to accompany their children to learn at home, 30% of parents were very ready, 29% of parent enough ready, and as much as 1% were not ready. The calculation are obtained through the results of measuring the five aspects including providing learning facilities, supervising children's learning activities at home, supervising the use of children's study time at home, monitoring difficulties faced by children in learning and helping children overcome difficulties in learning.
PERAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS SISWA DI SMP IT TAZKIA INSANI
Authors: Solihah Minda Siti , Syamsul Encu M , Nahriyah Syafa’atun
Published: March 2023

This study aims to (1) Determine the role of Islamic Religious Education teachers in SMP IT Tazkia Insani. (2) To determine the role of Islamic Religious Education teachers in improving the religious character of students at SMP IT Tazkia Insani. (3) To find out the efforts of Islamic Religious Education teachers in improving the religious character of students at SMP IT Tazkia Insani. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods. Collecting data using several methods, namely interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study are (1) The role of Islamic Religious Education Teachers at SMP IT Tazkia Insani in addition to having duties and roles as teachers, educators, supervisors, BPI coaches and as second parents for their students at school. The role of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Improving the Religious Character of Students at SMP IT Tazkia Insani is carried out in the following ways: Educating students' character through historical methods; Using the Qur'an and Hadith as the main learning resources; Guiding students. (3) The efforts of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Improving the Religious Character of Students at SMP IT Tazkia Insani are by way of Exemplary and providing examples directly, through the Mabit PAI exercise (Malam Bina Taqwa), Providing rewards and punishments.
Derin Öğrenme ile Göğüs Röntgeni Görüntülerinden COVID-19 ve Viral Pnömoni Tespiti
Authors: TÜFEKÇİ Pınar , GEZİCİ Burak
Published: March 2023

Günümüz şartlarında her ne kadar pandemi etkilerini kaybetmiş ve bitme sürecinde olsa da, COVID-19 halen etkilerini insanlar üzerinde hafif olarak göstermektedir. Yapay Zeka ve görüntü işleme teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerle birlikte, bu tür virüslerin erken aşamalarda doğru bir şekilde tespit edilmesi, hem doğru tedavinin uygulanarak hastalığın iyileşme sürecine hızlı bir şekilde yardımcı olacak hem de sağlık sistemlerinin üzerindeki yükü hafifletmiş olacaktır. Bu çalışmada, göğüs röntgeni görüntülerinden, COVID-19 ve viral pnömoni hastalıklarını ayırt etmeye çalışan, yüksek doğruluklu ve güvenilir bir model oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla, derin öğrenme algoritmalarından olan Evrişimli Sinir Ağlarının AlexNet ve GoogleNet özel mimarilerinin, doğrudan orijinal halleri ve transfer öğrenmeyle geliştirilmiş halleri uygulanarak, geniş kapsamlı bir modelleme çalışması yapılmıştır. Modelleme sürecinde, kullanılan veri seti (COVID-19 Radiography Database) popüler bir veri seti olup, 3 sınıflı ve her sınıfta farklı sayıda örnek bulunduran dengesiz bir veri setidir. Bu veri setine, veri azaltma ve arttıma yöntemleri uygulanarak, her sınıfta eşit sayıda örnek içeren dengeli 2 yeni veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Orijinal veri seti ve yeni oluşturulan veri setleri, 80-20 oranında eğitim ve test veri setine bölünerek ve aynı zamanda 3, 5 ve 10 kez çapraz doğrulamaya göre bölünerek, model performansları ölçülmüştür ve en iyi performansa sahip model bulunmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, en iyi model, veri arttırma yöntemiyle dengeli hale getirilmiş veri setinin, 10 kez çapraz doğrulamaya göre bölünerek, transfer öğrenme ile geliştirilmiş AlexNet mimarisinin uygulandığı model olarak, % 99.90 doğruluk başarısı ile bulunmuştur.
Artzibarko aldaera deitu izanaren inguruan (8 – Elkanoko aldaerarekiko zenbait erkaketa)izanaren inguruan
Authors: Artola Kortajarena Koldo
Published: March 2023

Oraingoan, saio honen aurrekoetan erabilitako zenbait datu, denboraren etorrian aski hurbilak, eta horietatik kanpoko beste batzuk, jada aspaldikoak, baliatuz –L. L. Bonaparteren euskalki-sailkapena gogoan beti–, Artzibarko eta Elkanoko aldaera hauen baitako sei herriren arteko lexikoa eta bestelako zertzelada batzuk erkatu ditugu, haien arteko antzekotasunak zein ezberditasunak agerian uzteko asmoz.
Euskal hitz-ordenaren norabidea: idealismo ideologikotik pragmatismo komunikatiborantz
Authors: Maia Larretxea Julian
Published: March 2023

Euskal hiztunak gero eta maizago jardun beharko du hiru hizkuntza ukipenean diren jendarte batean: euskara, gaztelania/frantsesa eta ingelesa. Gaztelania (edo frantsesa) eta ingelesa oso garatuak diren hizkuntzak dira, eta euskarak tradizio murritza edo mugatua du zenbait esparrutan. Hori dela eta euskaraz oraindik definizio prozesuan daude zenbait hizkuntz erabilera, eta horrek iritzitrukeak eta proposamenak dakartza. Artikulu honetan bildu eta labur analizatzen dira hainbat adituren iritziak norantz jo beharko lukeen euskarazko hitzordenak garai honetan non prosa logiko-diskurtsiboa franko garatzen ari den (adibidez, unibertsitatearen eremuko hainbat jardunetan). Analisia eginda, proposatzen dugu hiru norabide edo jardunbide ageri direla aukeran eredu gisa har daitezkeenak: 1) eredu idealista idiosinkratikoa edo bereizi-zalea; 2) homologazio lasterreko eredua («homologazioa karrakailuka»); 3) arian-ariko egokitze doitua eta haztatua. Azterturiko iritzietatik ondorioztatzen...
Las mujeres de «El amigo congelado» de Joseba Sarrionandia: la utilización de personajes femeninos para hacer frente a los límites del lenguaje
Authors: Rodríguez Martín Eider
Published: March 2023

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en analizar el origen del trauma de Goio, protagonista de la novela El amigo congelado (Premio Nacional de la Crítica 2001) del emblemático escritor vasco Joseba Sarrionandia (Iurreta, Bizkaia, 1958) y de señalar los límites del lenguaje para nombrar ese trauma. Asimismo, analizaremos las estrategias utilizadas por el autor para sortear dicha limitación y liberar el trauma, prestando especial atención a las metáforas, símbolos y a la utilización de personajes femeninos.
Transformation of last-mile delivery as a method of improving customer experience in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kurochkina A. A. , Shevchuk E. V. , Bikezina T. V.
Published: March 2023

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze transformations that last-mile delivery has undergone during the years of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic in the Russian Federation, considering that, on the one hand, the final stage of delivery is considered the most problematic part of the delivery process, and on the other — the last mile is often a factor determining the customer’s choice and satisfaction when interacting with the company.

Tasks. The authors identify problems that companies face due to changes in customer behavior and experience; search for possible solutions to these problems; analyze how satisfaction with the quality of last-mile delivery affects the customer’s decision to order goods from a particular supplier.

Methods. This study uses the method of descriptive literature review, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization.

Results. Today, customer experience is as important an element of brand perception as product offering. Customers constantly seek more personalized, convenient, and secure ways to receive delivery services. Research shows that many buyers consider efficient and fast delivery a priority when making a purchase, not the price of goods. The increasing customer demand for quality of service and the boom in e-commerce have led to the development of new last-mile delivery methods that optimize the quality of customer service and contribute to building a strong relationship between the customer and the brand.

Conclusions. Improving the quality of customer service through last-mile logistics can be a powerful tool in the competition, as delivery often turns out to be a key factor influencing the consumer’s purchase decision. The result of this study is the formation of an idea about the possible future development and prospects of last-mile delivery.
Academic entrepreneurship system in the Russian Federation
Authors: Medvedeva N. K.
Published: March 2023

Aim. The presented study aims to investigate the features of the academic entrepreneurship system in the Russian Federation through the example of leading Russian universities and to determine the main prospects for its development.

Tasks. The author defines the theoretical foundations of the academic entrepreneurship system; examines the legal and regulatory framework of academic entrepreneurship; comparatively analyzes the entrepreneurial activity of leading Russian universities; determines the prospects and trends of the development of the academic entrepreneurship system in Russia.

Methods. This study uses general scientific methods, including comparison, generalization, benchmarking, abstraction, deduction, and induction.

Results. The theoretical foundations of academic entrepreneurship are investigated, and the author’s original definition of the term is formulated. The regulatory and legal framework of university entrepreneurship through the regulation of small innovative enterprises established at universities is examined. The level of academic entrepreneurship in leading Russian universities at the level of desk research is analyzed. Major directions for the development of the academic entrepreneurship system in Russia are determined.

Conclusions. The system of academic entrepreneurship is implemented through the combined efforts of educational organizations and representatives of the business community to simplify the commercialization of the results of innovative activity. The legal and regulatory framework of academic entrepreneurship in Russia is underdeveloped considering the needs of the modern economy. The main legal acts regulating the activities of small innovative enterprises are federal laws, regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation, and the decree of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. University entrepreneurship in domestic higher education institutions continues to develop. A peculiar feature of the existing system is the desire to create an innovative infrastructure within the university and to stimulate entrepreneurial activity among the teaching staff and students. The prospects for the development of academic entrepreneurship in Russia are associated with the development of innovative university infrastructure and increased interaction with manufacturing organizations.
Quick Macroscopic Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication with Wavelike Propagation by Use of a Suspension of Relay Cells
Authors: Kirchner Jens
Published: March 2023

In order to enable molecular communication on macroscopic distances without a moving medium, the model of diffusion-based information transmission with a large number of relays suspended in the medium, hence at random positions, is proposed. With an increasing number of relays, the stochastic variations approach zero and the system exhibits a quasi-deterministic behavior. Furthermore, the transmission time becomes inversely proportional to the number of relays and the impulse response independent of the channel length. Thus, the model describes a wave-like propagation, which is fundamentally different from the established flow- and diffusion-based approaches in molecular communication. 
Multi-Class Counterfactual Explanations using Support Vector Data Description
Authors: Carlevaro Alberto , Lenatti Marta , Paglialonga Alessia , Mongelli Maurizio
Published: March 2023

Explainability is becoming increasingly crucial in machine learning studies and, as the complexity of the model increases, so does the complexity of its explanation. However, the higher the complexity of the problem the higher the amount of information it may provide, and this information can be exploited to generate a more precise explanation of how the model works. One of the most valuable ways to recover such relation between input and output is to extract counterfactual explanations. In binary classification, counterfactuals allow us to find minimal changes from an observation to another one belonging to the opposite class. But how do counterfactuals work in multi-class problems? In this article, we propose a novel methodology to extract multiple counterfactual explanations (MUCH, MUlti Counterfactual via Halton sampling) from an original Multi-Class Support Vector Data Description algorithm (MC-SVDD). To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we extracted a set of counterfactual explanations from three state-of-the-art datasets achieving satisfactory results that pave the way to a range of real-world applications, for example disease prevention.
الواقع الجغرافي السياسي لأمن المرأة الإنساني في العراق بعد العام 2003 الواقع التعليمي ( نموذجاً)
Authors: حسن تغريد , شهاب مجيد
Published: March 2023

تعليم المرأة يشكل واحدا من العناصر التي بموجبها يتم تقييم حالة الأمن الإنساني في المجتمع و يتضمن أي تقييم بظروف وأوضاع التعليم في المجتمعكما أن العلاقة بين التعليم والأمنالإنساني تكاد تكون سببية بمعنى أنها سبب ونتيجة للأخر كما أنها شاملة وتكميلية بمعنى أن كل واحد جزء من الأخر فنشر الخدمات التعليمية للنساء يساهم في أمنهاالإنساني بشكل خاص والى المجتمع بشكل عام وبالمفهوم المعاصر للدولة يعد التعليم احد عناصر القوة الشاملة إذ لم تعد القوة تحصر بالجانب العسكري وإنما بكافة عناصر المجتمع من نظام تعليم ودرجة التجانس الاجتماعي
الابعاد الاجتماعية لزيارة الاربعين (العمل التطوعي انموذجا)
Authors: الحسيني أمل
Published: March 2023

يناقش البحث تجربة انسانية فريدة من نوعها الا وهي (العمل التطوعي) هذه التجربة التي تمتد جذورها الى اعمق اعماق التاريخ ، فوجد العمل التطوعي بعد ان استعمر الانسان هذه الارض و وجد بعد حدوث النكبات والازمات والكوارث عند البشر. اما العمل التطوعي في زيارة اربعينية الامام الحسين () فله حكاية اخرى غير كل الحكايات فمن يقوم به يسعى للحصول على الاجر الدنيوي والاخروي ، فهذه الزيارة كانت لها ابعاد اجتماعية عظيمة كان اهمها العمل التطوعي الذي يسلكه ابناء الشعب العراقي بعد سقوط النظام الجائر.
تأثير خصائص المناخ في الحالة النفسية والسلوكية والعصبية - دراسة تطبيقية عن محافظة النجف الاشرف
Authors: علي مثنى فاضل
Published: March 2023

يشتمل البحث في دراسة مجموعة من العناصر والظواهر المناخية في محافظة النجف وتأثيراتها في الاضطرابات السلوكية والعصبية والنفسية لسكان منطقة الدراسة، وجاء ذلك عن طريق تحديد عدد من المتغيرات التي يمكن اعتمادها كقياس لتلك الحالات ومنها الامراض العصبية والنفسية وحالات العنف والتطرف والجنح والجنايات ومدى تكرارها بحسب أشهر السنة، وتم تحديد عام (2018) لتوفر البيانات المطلوبة فيه – ومن ثم اعتماد مجموعة من المعاملات الإحصائية ((معامل الارتباط r، معامل التحديد (التفسير Rsq)) لبيان ذلك التأثير، كذلك الاعتماد على الاستبانة المرفقة لبيان تلك التأثيرات. عموما يتضمن البحث دراسة الجوانب الآتية: 1- خصائص مناخ محافظة النجف. 2- خصائص حالات التعصب والتوتر والعنف في منطقة الدراسة. 3- تأثير خصائص مناخ منطقة الدراسة في الوضع النفسي والعصبي والسلوكي.
معايير صقل و قياس صحة الروايات التفسيرية
Authors: الرحيمي مصطفي , الشريفي محمد , پور محمد
Published: March 2023

مكانة الروايات في فهم القرآن و تفسيرها مكانة رفيعة دون شك ولايمكن انكارها .علم التفسير و الروايات التفسيرية تؤامان مع القرآن .وترجع قدمتها الي نزول الآيات .و تعرضت الاحاديث آفات خارجية و داخلية مختلفة علي مرّ التاريخ . مع نظرة خاطفة علي قصة الحديث خاصة بعد النبي الاكرم () نجد انّ الآفات والتاثيرات كمنع النشر و رواية الحديث وحذف المصادر و الاسناد للروايات التفسيرية والنقل بالمعني و الاسرائيليات و اختلاف القراءات وفرت ظروفا صعبةلتحديد الاحاديث الصحيحة من الضعيفة و غير الصحيحة .و لهذا تكرير المنابع والمصادر الحديثية و التفسيرية تكون ضروريا . الدراسات التي اجريت في هذاالمجال اظهرت لنا جهود الباحثين و اهتمامهم لتحديد و مراقبة اضرار الروايات بدلا من التركيزعلي معايير قياس الروايات التفسيرية . يتم تنظيم هذه المقالة الرائدة بطريقة وصفية تحليلية . وتحاول ان تدرس معايير قياس الروايات في مجال التفسير القرآن بدقةكاملة.و نتيجة هذه الدراسة أن أهم معايير التنقيح و اكثرها كفاءة هي تقييم المحتوي و قياس محتويات الروايات مع مبادئ العقلي والنقلي(عرض الحديث علي القرآن و السنة القطعية ) و تجميع الاقتباسات المتعددة و النظير من الحديث، يعتبر تحقيق اخبار متتالية و مفيدة و كذلك تعزيز الخبر الواحد.
Psychosocial Aspects of School Age Children with Thalassemia Major in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf
Authors: Al-Jebory Kahtan, H. Hussein , Jehad Salma, K. , Al Ebrahimy Amar Abdul Elah
Published: March 2023

Background: Thalassemia major is a prevalent hereditary disease in Mediterranean region, the assessment of physical aspect of school age children, especially in those with chronic illness such as thalassemia is particularly important.Objectives: this study aims to assess psychosocial aspects of school age children with thalassemia major. And found out the magnitude association between psychosocial aspects and their demographic characteristics and their clinical characteristics.
Methodology: A Non Probability "purposive" sample of (100) school age children with thalassemia major and their parents are included in the present study. The study was conducted in the period of September 2nd 2014 to August2nd2015 in Al Najaf Al Ashraf â„ Al-Zahra Maternal and Child Teaching Hospital / Thalassemia center. Researcher constructed special questioner to achieve objectives of the present study. Validity of the study instrument was determined through the panel of experts and the reliability of the study questionnaire was determined through Alpha correlation coefficient was computed for the determination of the internal consistency reliability which was ±= 0.87 for the standardized alpha of the internal scale of the assessment of child psychosocial aspects and ±= 0.91 for standardized Alpha of the internal scale of the assessment of parents proxy information. Data analyses through use descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistical analysis procedures (t-test , chi squire, and P- value) were used to data analysis.
Results: The present study results indicated that there was a significant relationship between thalassemia major and their psychosocial aspects. Also non-significant differences between child and their parent's responses regard to the overall psychosocial aspects.
Conclusions:. The study concluded that the majority of the study sample of thalassemic children had negative impact on psychosocial aspects. In addition, the emotional domain is the most affected one, followed by the social domain, and then the school domain.
Recommendations: The study recommends that a psychologist and sociologist in the center thalassemia is a must be present to help in providing a link between patients, school, the families, and the physicians. And health oriented by mass media in providing information to population about thalassemia and other inherited diseases.
Investigation of Serum TNF-alpha, TRAF-1, andTRAF-2 in Patients Suffer from Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Iqbal Mayada Noori , Mahdi Liwaa Hussein , Eidan Ali Jabbar
Published: March 2023

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown causes. It has involved the inflammatory process of the mucosa and sometimes the submucosa of the large intestinal tract. There are a several theories involve role of the immune mechanisms and cell signals that lead to activation of many intracellular adapter proteins and other markers, which in turn trigger an inflammatory process and death of many colonocytes.
Objective: investigation of serum TNF-alpha, TRAF-1 and TRAF-2 levels in active Ulcerative Colitis and also, identified the diagnostic possibility of the studied parameters in diagnosis of UC patients.
Methodology: A case-control study was conducted at the City of Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf using 56 and 30 individuals of both genders for Patients and Control groups with an overall age range of 18-75 years old. All sera with negative Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) agglutination test of all subjects were monitored for level of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF), TNF Receptor Associated Factor-1 (TRAF-1), and TNF Receptor Associated Factor-2 (TRAF-2), by ELISA Method. All these Data was analyzed by using spss (T-test) program and also, the receiver operate characteristic curve (ROC) was used to identify their possibility of diagnostic value.
Results: Serum level of TNF-alpha, TRAF-1 and TRAF-2 were significantly higher in UC patients than those in controls (P values were = 0.000). TNF-alpha, TRAF-1, and TRAF-2 shown to have a display to fabulous value in the differentiation of UC patients and control with the area under the ROC curve (AUR) of 0.698â€“1.000 (P value < 0.001).
Conclusion: In light of the obtained results in current study, we conclude that the serological levels of TNF-alpha, TRAF-1 and TRAF-2 were increased in active UC patients. It seems that the activation of TNF-alpha, TRAF-1, and TRAF-2 may be first events in the development of UC.
Recommendation: Additional genetic and immunological markers, including standardized lymphocytes and other assays, are needed. These are to determine the pro-inflammatory cytokines and monitor the progress of the disease in order to detect the suitable time of a possible intervention.
Economic Burden of Contraception Management in Spain
Authors: Ribes Immaculata , Poza Juan , Campos Ezequiel , Tunic Ignacio , Domingo Maria
Published: March 2023

Background: A wide variety of contraceptive methods are available, some of them reimbursed by the Spanish National Health System (SNHS). However, the number of unintended pregnancies (UP) is still significant, leading to a high economic burden, mainly derived from non-adherence to and the incorrect use of contraceptive methods. Objectives: This study aims to estimate the economic burden associated with reversible contraception management in Spain, from the perspectives of both the SNHS and women, over a 5-year period. Methods: A survey was performed to identify contraception management in Spain based on the experience of a panel of six expert gynecologists. An economic model was conducted to quantify the current burden of contraception according to healthcare resources use over 5 years. The costs included in the analysis were diagnostic tests, initial and follow-up consultations, methods acquisition costs, and UP derived from therapy failure. Results: Reversible contraception costs in Spain amount to €12.5 billion over a 5–year period. Condoms and combined oral contraceptives (COC) account for 86.8% of the total cost and the other methods only 13.2%. There are differences in contraceptive use according to women’s age. Short-acting reversible contraceptives (SARC) such as COC, condom and vaginal ring, are most commonly used by younger women. However, SARC are correlated with the highest failure rate, resulting in over €7.2 billion cost, explained by the high number of UP. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), such as the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS20), implant and copper intrauterine devices (IUD), are selected by women over 35 years of age due to user-independent compliance. SARC methods result in a higher cost per woman over 5 years: vaginal ring €2427.8, patch €2402.6, condom €2060.1 and COC €1895.1; while LARC methods are the most economic option per women: LNG-IUS20 €630.4, copper IUD €658.2, LNG-IUS12 €703.8, intramuscular injectable €907.8 and implant €940.5. Conclusions: LARC methods result in lower costs compared with SARC options from the perspectives of the SNHS and women, explained by user-independent compliance, preventing a significant number of UP and its elevated economic burden. An increased LARC methods use could avoid UP events, leading to significant cost-savings for the SNHS.