bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning Method for Airfoil Flow Field Simulation Based on Unet++
Authors: Ruiling Xie , Jie Xu , Jianping Chen , Peizhi Tan
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the accuracy of U‐Net++ networks in predicting Reynolds‐Averaged Navier‐Stokes (RANS) solutions. The study employs the symbolic distance function (SDF) to represent geometry and flow conditions, utilizing parameterized airfoil data from the UIUC (University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign) airfoil datasets. The research assesses the performance of multiple trained neural networks in predicting pressure and velocity distributions. Specifically, the study examines the influence of varying network weights on solution accuracy. Through the optimization of the model, the research demonstrates that the mean relative error is below 1.72% for a range of previously unseen wing shapes, with a computational speedup factor of up to 1,000× in certain scenarios. The accuracy achieved by this model underscores the significant potential of deep learning‐based approaches as reliable tools for aerodynamic design and optimization.
The Transcriptomic and Gene Fusion Landscape of Pleomorphic Salivary Gland Adenomas
Authors: Afshari Maryam Kakay , Tejera Nevado Paloma , Fehr André , Huang Junchi , Jäwert Fredrik , Nilsson Jonas A. , Stenman Göran , Andersson Mattias K.
Published: January 2025

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland tumor. PAs are characterized by chromosomal rearrangements of 8q12 and 12q14‐15, leading to gene fusions involving the PLAG1 and HMGA2 oncogenes. Here, we performed the first comprehensive study of the transcriptomic and gene fusion landscape of 38 cytogenetically characterized PAs. RNA‐seq identified PLAG1 or HMGA2 fusions in 33/38 cases (87%), of which 15 were novel fusions. Fusions were found also in tumors with normal karyotype, demonstrating that they are generated by cryptic rearrangements. PLAG1 was mainly activated by promoter swapping and HMGA2 by truncation of its 3′‐part. RNA‐seq revealed upregulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix production, WNT‐signaling, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in PA compared to normal salivary tissue. Principal component analysis identified two PA subclusters characterized by PLAG1‐ and HMGA2‐activation, respectively, that differed in expression of genes involved in the immune system, cell adhesion, and microenvironment remodeling. Moreover, comparative analyses of PA and salivary carcinomas revealed that PA resembles myoepithelial carcinoma. Our study reveals new oncogenic gene fusions and expands our knowledge about the molecular underpinnings of PA.
General Kernel Machine Methods for Multi‐Omics Integration and Genome‐Wide Association Testing With Related Individuals
Authors: Little Amarise , Zhao Ni , Mikhaylova Anna , Zhang Angela , Ling Wodan , Thibord Florian , Johnson Andrew D. , Raffield Laura M. , Curran Joanne E. , Blangero John , O'Connell Jeffrey R. , Xu Huichun , Rotter Jerome I. , Rich Stephen S. , Rice Kenneth M. , Chen Ming‐Huei , Reiner Alexander , Kooperberg Charles , Vu Thao , Hou Lifang , Fornage Myriam , Loos Ruth J.F. , Kenny Eimear , Mathias Rasika , Becker Lewis , Smith Albert V. , Boerwinkle Eric , Yu Bing , Thornton Timothy , Wu Michael C.
Published: January 2025

Integrating multi‐omics data may help researchers understand the genetic underpinnings of complex traits and diseases. However, the best ways to integrate multi‐omics data and use them to address pressing scientific questions remain a challenge. One important and topical problem is how to assess the aggregate effect of multiple genomic data types (e.g. genotypes and gene expression levels) on a phenotype, particularly while accommodating routine issues, such as having related subjects' data in analyses. In this paper, we extend an existing composite kernel machine regression model to integrate two multi‐omics data types, while accommodating for general correlation structures amongst outcomes. Due to the kernel machine regression framework, our methods allow for the integration of high‐dimensional omics data with small, nonlinear, and interactive effects, and accommodation of general study designs. Here, we focus on scientific questions that aim to assess the association between a functional grouping (such as a gene or a pathway) and a quantitative trait of interest. We use a kernel machine regression to integrate the two multi‐omics data types, as they may relate to the trait, and perform a global test of association. We demonstrate the advantage of this approach over single data type association tests via simulation. Finally, we apply this method to a large, multi‐ethnic data set to investigate how predicted gene expression and rare genetic variation may be related to two platelet traits.
Climate Risk and Foreign Direct Investment Entry Mode
Authors: Li Chengchun , Luo Yun , De Vita Glauco
Published: January 2025

The paper examines how climate risk impacts the strategic entry mode choices—between greenfield investments and cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&As)—of multinational enterprises (MNEs) into foreign markets. Our study adds to existing literature through a cross‐countries empirical analysis and uses a newly developed dataset, the Multinational Revenue, Employment, and Investment Database (MREID), that accounts for how both physical and transition risks of climate change affect MNEs' entry mode choice. Physical risk refers to the tangible impacts of climate change such as extreme weather events, while transition risk involves regulatory and policy changes associated with moving towards a low‐carbon economy. Using data for 139 source countries and 134 destination countries over the period from 2010 to 2021, we find that an increase in the physical risk of climate change leads to MNEs choosing greenfield investment when entering a new market while a higher level of transition risk discourages greenfield investment. Physical risk has a negative and significant influence on MNEs' entry choice of using cross‐border M&A. There is a positive and significant correlation between transition risk and cross‐border M&A though such a relationship is not robust. Industrial‐level evidence shows a similar pattern in the majority of the industries. Our findings provide policymakers with guidelines helping to mitigate the negative impact of climate change on business decisions at the global level.
Local Inflammation Precedes Diaphragm Wasting and Fibrotic Remodelling in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Neyroud Daria , D'Lugos Andrew C. , Trevino Enrique J. , Callaway Chandler S. , Lamm Jacqueline , Laitano Orlando , Poole Brittney , Deyhle Michael R. , Brantley Justina , Le Lam , Judge Andrew R. , Judge Sarah M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Cancer cachexia represents a debilitating muscle wasting condition that is highly prevalent in gastrointestinal cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Cachexia is estimated to contribute to ~30% of cancer‐related deaths, with deterioration of respiratory muscles suspected to be a key contributor to cachexia‐associated morbidity and mortality. In recent studies, we identified fibrotic remodelling of respiratory accessory muscles as a key feature of human PDAC cachexia.

Methods

To gain insight into mechanisms driving respiratory muscle wasting and fibrotic remodelling in response to PDAC, we conducted temporal histological and transcriptomic analyses on diaphragm muscles harvested from mice‐bearing orthotopic murine pancreatic (KPC) tumours at time points reflective of precachexia (D8 and D10), mild–moderate cachexia (D12 and D14) and advanced cachexia (endpoint).

Results

During the precachexia phase, diaphragms showed significant leukocyte infiltration (+3‐fold to +13‐fold; D8—endpoint vs. Sham, p < 0.05) and transcriptomic enrichment of inflammatory processes associated with tissue injury that remained increased through endpoint. Diaphragm inflammation was followed by increases in PDGFR‐ɑ+ fibroadipogenic progenitors (+2.5 to +3.8‐fold; D10—endpoint vs. Sham, p < 0.05), fibre atrophy (−16% to −24%, D12 to endpoint vs. Sham, p < 0.05), ECM expansion (+1.5 to +1.8‐fold; D14—endpoint vs. Sham, p < 0.05), collagen accumulation (+3.8‐fold; endpoint vs. Sham, p = 0.0013) and reductions in breathing frequency (−55%, p = 0.0074) and diaphragm excursion (−43%, p = 0.0006). These biological processes were supported by changes in the diaphragm transcriptome. Ingenuity pathway analysis predicted factors involved in inflammatory responses to tissue injury, including TGF‐β1, angiotensin and PDGF BB, as top upstream regulators activated in diaphragms prior to and throughout cachexia progression, while PGC‐1α and the insulin receptor were among the top upstream regulators predicted to be suppressed. The transcriptomic dataset further revealed progressive disturbances to networks involved in lipid, glucose and oxidative metabolism, activation of the unfolded protein response and neuromuscular junction remodelling associated with denervation.

Conclusions

In summary, our data support leukocyte infiltration and expansion of PDGFRα mesenchymal progenitors as early events that precede wasting and fibrotic remodelling of the diaphragm in response to PDAC that may also underlie metabolic disturbances, weakness and respiratory complications.
Past hydro‐pedological events and trend reflected in the Mid–Late Holocene alluvial record of the Middle Rhône Valley and tributaries: A new reference for South East France
Authors: Berger Jean‐Francois , Brochier Jacques Leopold
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a new approach to quantitative geomorphology and paleopedology in the mid‐Rhône valley (MRV) based on a compilation of geomorphological metadata from 25 tributaries of the Rhône river and subordinate floodbasins, including 51 geomorphological and paleopedological sites. This study compares two types of hydrogeomorphological data formalization: a temporal similarities analysis between paleosols and fluvial aggradation of sub‐basins, and a quantitative analysis by summed probability distributions comparing floodplain stability and activity phases in cumulative density functions of categorized 14C and chronocultural dates. Alluvial chronologies at centennial to millennial time scales, coinciding with a modification in sedimentation rate, or river style, demonstrate temporal and spatial patterning of MRV alluviation, pedogenesis and erosion across the western Prealpine region, with detection of 24 main Holocene alternative periods (activity versus stability). To explore possible large‐scale hydroclimatic teleconnections, the Holocene MRV results are aligned, and correlations are made, with those of a range of paleohydrological proxy studies from all Rhône drainage basins, Western Europe and the Mediterranean. The MRV rivers respond to the majority of Holocene rapid climatic changes and from 4000/3000 cal a
bp to an accelerated sediment delivery and torrentiality from slopes and headwaters, which results in the development of sedimentary cascades from upstream to downstream in the Rhône valley to the delta (the main drivers are discussed in detail in in a companion paper to follow).
Thermal Desorption Hyphenated to Comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography‐Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry for Trace Analysis in Raw Renewable Gases–Application to Hydrothermal Gasification
Authors: Legendre Agathe , Bsaibes Sandy , Paijens Claudia , Jores Clément De Saint , Senné Célia , Dugay José , Cuccia Lorena , Castro Dairo Ballestas , Thiébaut Didier , Vial Jérôme
Published: January 2025

In the context of the energy transition, European countries pursue the common goal of increasing the share of renewable gases (from anaerobic digestion, pyrogasification, and hydrothermal gasification for instance) in the gas mix. Although produced gases are mainly composed of methane after upgrading, impurities of various natures and quantities may also be present in the produced raw gases and still after upgrading, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at trace levels that may have an impact on different stages of the gas chain even at low concentrations. These new renewable and/or low‐carbon gases imply the need to develop new analytical tools to deeply characterize them, and thus fully manage their integration into the gas value chain. In this study focused on VOC analysis, a sampling approach using pre‐concentration on an adsorbent phase was developed for gas sampling to ensure rapid collection, requiring only a small volume (≈ 100 mL). Traces were then analyzed by thermal desorption hyphenated to a comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. After identifying the compounds, a semi‐quantification method was developed to provide an estimation of the concentration of VOCs for each chemical family. The method was first developed on a biomethane sample before being successfully applied to a raw gas produced by hydrothermal gasification, in which around 250 compounds were detected at a trace level (total concentration equivalent at 200 µg/L).
A Predictive Model for Secondary Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage in Pediatric Patients: An 8‐Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Ge Yuting , Chang Wenchuan , Xie Lixiao , Gao Yan , Xu Yue , Zhu Huie
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Posttonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) is a common and potentially life‐threatening complication in pediatric tonsillectomy. Early identification and prediction of PTH are of great significance. Currently, there are very few tools available for clinicians to accurately assess the risk of PTH. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for secondary PTH.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 492 individuals who underwent tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy in Children's Hospital of Soochow University from July 1st, 2015 to December 31th, 2023. The study population was randomly divided into the training set and the validation set at a ratio of 7:3. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen features. Multivariate logistic regression and seven machine learning algorithms were used to construct predictive models. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility were used to compare the predictive performance. The SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method was used to interpret the results of the best‐performing model.

Results

One multivariate logistic regression model and seven machine learning models were constructed. The XGBoost model yielded the best performance in the validation set. The SHAP method ranked the features of the XGBoost model based on their importance and provided both global and local explanations of the model.

Conclusion

This study established a machine learning‐based predictive model for secondary PTH, which may enable clinicians to accurately assess the risk of secondary PTH in children.

Level of Evidence

4
Public–private partnership in pipelining science of acute care ecosystem: Insights from Taiwan's Presidential Hackathon
Authors: Chen Chao‐Wen , Yeh Yung‐Sung , Chan Ta‐Chien , Wu Yi‐Syuan
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The acute care system faced significant challenges in managing healthcare emergencies due to a lack of coordination between emergency services and logistical support. This disorganization undermined collaboration and response efficiency.

Methods

Taiwan's Presidential Hackathon introduced an innovative approach to improving the trauma system by integrating digital pipeline science through public–private partnerships (PPPs). This initiative specifically addressed inefficiencies and complexities in the acute care ecosystem, brought to light by the catastrophic 2014 gas explosion in Kaohsiung City.

Results

The hackathon led to the development of a unified digital platform for emergency data management. This platform significantly enhanced communication, data sharing, and coordination across healthcare sectors, culminating in the implementation of a digital pre‐hospital emergency care system across multiple administrative regions.

Conclusion

Our experience demonstrated the effectiveness of leveraging digital technologies, PPPs, and the hackathon model to revolutionize emergency healthcare management and response systems through cross‐sector collaboration.
Bridging research and practice in a learning health system: Developing and refining an embedded scholars program through insights from scholars and clinical mentors
Authors: Sherrill Windsor Westbrook , Hall Luke , Fredendall Lawrence , Evatt Janet Hoffman
Published: January 2025

Introduction

A learning health system (LHS) necessitates collaboration to produce translational health research. This experience report examines the integration of Clemson University scholars into clinical departments of Prisma Health–Upstate in South Carolina, highlighting their experiences working alongside clinician mentors to inform and facilitate research translation. Particularly, this study aims to explore the interpersonal and structural factors influencing the success of an embedded scholar program, focusing on enablers and barriers to collaboration, knowledge integration, and mentorship within the LHS.

Methods

Nine embedded scholar and 12 mentor semi‐structured interviews were conducted. This qualitative study initially used an inductive technique to analyze responses thematically. After thematic saturation was achieved, deductive analysis was utilized to further organize enablers and barriers across the following five categories: (1) Scholar Integration, (2) Scholar Autonomy, (3) Mentor Support, (4) Programmatic Outcomes, and (5) Institutional Dynamics.

Results

We found 10 major program‐related enablers and barriers to successfully embedding scholars. These were clinical environment adaptation, mentor interaction, research management, balance of independence, role clarity, resource provision, research application and quality, scholar development, organizational support, and policy and procedure alignment. Findings reveal that effective mentorship, organizational alignment, and resource availability are critical enablers of program success, while misaligned expectations, limited institutional support, and insufficient scholar integration into clinical environments are barriers.

Conclusion

Evaluating specific components of embedded scholar programs can uncover best practices and innovation opportunities in the LHS. These provide a great opportunity to enhance the mentorship mechanisms between clinical mentors and embedded researchers. As research on embedded scholars in a LHS progresses, fostering structured mentoring relationships may serve as an impetus to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice. Further study is needed to operationalize these relationships effectively.
Transforming waste red mud and fly ash to wealth by designing a hybrid Al alloy composite with improved mechanical and tribological properties
Authors: Kumar S. , Bera S. , Mandal D. , Chakraborty A. K.
Published: January 2025

In the present work, we demonstrate the development of a cost‐effective hybrid composite of aluminium 6063 alloys by utilizing some industrial wastes like fly ash and red mud as reinforcement. Alloy composites have been produced with varying concentrations of reinforcement by a two‐step stir‐casting method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of fly ash and red mud whereas microstructural analysis through optical microscopy showed a uniform distribution of the reinforcements within the alloy matrix. The composite formed with optimized weight fractions of red mud and fly ash exhibited higher ultimate tensile strength in comparison with base aluminium alloy. Furthermore, the dry sliding wear behaviour of the alloy and its composites have been investigated at low sliding speed against a hardened disk at three different loads (2 kg, 3 kg and 4 kg). The wear rate increases with increasing load in the alloy as well as in the composite. Sem images of worn surfaces of the hybrid composite exhibit fewer grooves when 5 wt.‐% of both reinforcements are present. Essentially, the overall wear rate of the composite is found lower than the base alloy. Hybrid composites with 5 wt.‐% of both reinforcements show maximum wear resistance.
Pricing and Procurement Strategies for Substitute Products in Extreme Weather
Authors: Xu Haonan , Liu Jiaguo
Published: January 2025

Climate change is causing frequent extreme weather events, posing disruption risks to supply chains. A two‐echelon supply chain comprising two suppliers and one retailer is constructed from a risk perspective. A game theory model is utilized to analyze all parties' optimal decisions and risk management measures under climate disturbances. The reactions of the retailer and suppliers, who sell vertically differentiated substitute products, are examined, and the changes in social welfare are observed. Our analysis exhibits that (1) the retailer mitigated the negative impact of risk disturbance through product differentiation and pricing strategies and even achieved higher profits than without extreme weather events; (2) there is a possibility that the sales volume will be higher in extreme weather, which is related to the antidisturbance ability of the supply chain; and (3) although extreme weather disturbs the supply, it may lead to a win–win relationship between retailer's profit and social welfare. The operational decisions derived from this study exhibit robustness in mitigating the adverse effects of extreme weather, enabling maximization of both retailers' profits and social welfare, thus contributing to the theoretical foundation for sustainable socioeconomic systems.
Vascularized Periosteal Grafts for Bone Union in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Soldado Francisco , Gonzalez‐Morgado Diego , Romero‐Larrauri Pablo , Nguyen Trong‐Quynh , da Costa Antonio Carlos , Knorr Jorge
Published: January 2025

Background

The periosteum is the main organ responsible for bone regeneration. Vascularized Periosteal Grafts (VPG) have demonstrated exceptional efficacy and speed in facilitating bone union among children with challenging bone healing conditions. Despite their promising results, the overall impact of these interventions has yet to be comprehensively evaluated through systematic review. This systematic review aimed to provide comprehensive insights into bone union outcomes and complications related to the use of VPG in children.

Materials and Methods

MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to September 2023 and screened for relevant studies. Data were collected regarding patient demographics, disease, treatment, anatomical location, graft used, donor and receptor vessels, skin paddle monitoring, follow‐up duration, time to union, consolidation, and complications. The correlation between age and bone union was assessed using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, as appropriate. Study quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non‐randomized Studies Criteria.

Results

A total of 15 studies involving 135 patients were included. All the studies were classified as Level 4 evidence. The mean MINORS score was 5.1 ± 1. The aim of the VPG was nonunion treatment in 90 patients (67%), nonunion prevention in 35 patients (26%), and bone union acceleration in 10 patients (7%). The origin of the bone union problem was traumatic in 59 cases (44%), congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia or fibula in 48 patients (35%), oncologic in 23 patients (17%), and infectious in 5 patients (4%). Nine different sources of periosteal flaps were used to enhance bone union. Bone union rate was 96% with a mean time of 4.2 months (range 1–18 months). Spearman test showed a non‐statistically significant negative correlation between age and bone union time (r = −0.3, p = 0.759).

Conclusions

VPGs are a safe and reliable treatment for promoting bone union, especially in the context of complex pediatric bone‐healing challenges.
Nano carbon powder‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes/poly(vinylidene fluoride) percolating composites with low‐percolation binary functional phases and negative permittivity
Authors: Shi Guangyue , Liu Yao
Published: January 2025

Polymer percolating composites with negative permittivity via the construction of percolating structures are of great interest in electromagnetism. In this study, nano carbon powder‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (CP‐MWCNTs/PVDF) composites comprising binary functional phases CP‐MWCNTs were fabricated using hot‐pressing method. The composites achieved both low percolation threshold and tunable negative permittivity properties across the entire frequency range of testing. Percolation phenomenon was observed as functional phases content reaching 5 wt%, which was reflected as the establishment of percolation network and the occurrence of electrical percolation, resulting in a shift toward metal‐like conduction mechanism. Additionally, the notably low percolation threshold can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between the binary functional phases. The plasma oscillation of free electrons within conductive percolation network plays a crucial role in achieving negative permittivity, a phenomenon that can be elucidated using the Drude model from the free electron theory. Furthermore, analyses of the impedance and equivalent circuit illuminate the connection between percolation phenomenon and dielectric behavior. These findings further reveal the influence of functional phases' morphology and composition on percolation behavior and negative permittivity properties, while expanding the application of polymer‐based percolating composites in electromagnetic devices.

Highlights

Tunable negative permittivity related to plasma oscillation is achieved.

Binary functional phases exhibit a low percolation threshold.

Synergistic effect of functional phases leads to low percolation threshold.
Analyzing How Zhizi Baipi Decoction Regulates VEGF to Suppress RA Angiogenesis Using Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhu Yulong , Wei Yi , Gan Peirong , Xia Shilin , Li Ya , Jiang Xiaoman , Wang Yan , Wu Hong
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily manifests with symptoms such as heat and toxin. However, the key components and molecular mechanisms of Zhizi Baipi decoction (ZBD) in the treatment of RA are still unclear.

Objectives

The study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of ZBD for treating RA through ingredient analysis, network pharmacology, and experimental validation.

Material and Methods

The chemical constituents of ZBD were identified by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q‐TOF‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MSE). Additionally, the active ingredients of ZBD treating RA were screened by network pharmacology and using molecular docking to verify the binding energy of the active ingredients and ZBD's targets. Then we elucidated ZBD's mechanism of action on collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model rats. Subsequently, experimental validations were used to validate the findings of network pharmacology.

Results

A total of 84 chemical constituents was identified by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MSE. The results of network pharmacology indicated that ZBD could exert its therapeutic effect on RA through the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Molecular docking revealed a strong binding capacity between the target KDR and the active ingredients. Additionally, we quantified the five active ingredients of ZBD. In vivo experiments demonstrated that ZBD inhibited synovial angiogenesis and alleviated the occurrence and progression of RA.

Conclusion

Overall, ZBD has a significant therapeutic effect on RA. The results of qualitative analysis, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo experiments indicated that the main active components of ZBD could modulate the VEGF pathway to treat RA.
A Teleological Interpretation of the Definition of DeepFakes in the EU Artificial Intelligence Act—A Purpose‐Based Approach to Potential Problems With the Word “Existing”
Authors: Łabuz Mateusz
Published: January 2025

The EU Artificial Intelligence Act is the world's first attempt to holistically regulate artificial intelligence. It presents an extensive, multi‐faceted definition of deepfakes, and introduces specific safeguards against their misuses. These guardrails have the potential to become a global role model. The AI Act uses concepts that leave room for interpretation, which is important given the constant development of technology and the need for adjustments. However, some solutions raise the problem of vagueness, which in turn may result in a narrower interpretation of a linguistic nature, and reduce the scope of legally permissible countermeasures. The aim of this study is to critically evaluate the definition of deepfakes contained in the AI Act in relation to the word “existing” used. A narrow interpretation could potentially exclude some synthetic media from the scope of transparency obligations due to the non‐classification of these media as deepfakes. Therefore, a teleological interpretation of the provisions is proposed, reinforced with elements of systemicity, so that the safeguards built by the AI Act also include deepfakes that do not depict any identifiable pre‐existing persons, objects, places, entities or events to better reflect goals of the regulation, and complement the value‐based system of the AI Act.
Design and Energy Absorption Study of an Asymmetric Windmill‐Style Negative Poisson's Ratio Honeycomb Structures
Authors: Hai Hong , Wang Bo , Sun Hongyang , Wang Wei , Cheng Saiwei , Zhao Zheng , Xu Weikai
Published: January 2025

The negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) structure, as one of the representatives of advanced lightweight honeycomb materials, has good application prospects in aerospace, vehicles, biomedical, and other fields due to its unique deformation mechanism and huge energy absorption potential. In this article, a 2D asymmetric windmill‐style composite honeycomb (AWH) with NPR effects is presented and its compression properties are systematically assessed using both axial compression experiments and simulations. Through the experimental results, the accuracy and applicability of the finite‐element model are verified, indicating that the shape of the rotating arrangement and the stable internal design of the triangle make it have significantly higher energy absorption capacity than traditional symmetric reentrant honeycomb structures. In addition, the influence of the height, width, and cell spacing of asymmetric unit cell indentation points on the compression characteristics of AWH under axial quasi‐static compression conditions is further analyzed through orthogonal simulation experiments. In this study, a certain theoretical basis for the design and energy absorption application of NPR materials is provided, indicating that AWH has excellent mechanical properties and broad application prospects.
Position Optimization of Bulky Tetraphenylsilane in Multiple Resonance Molecules for Highly Efficient Narrowband OLEDs
Authors: Bai Jue‐Yao , Liu Jun‐Yu , Zhang Zhen , He Yi‐Hui , Chen Guo‐Wei , Wang Yan‐Chun , Li Hao‐Ze , Xie Feng‐Ming , Tang Jian‐Xin , Li Yan‐Qing
Published: January 2025

Multiple resonance (MR)‐type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have garnered significant interest due to their narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and high electroluminescence efficiency. However, the planar structures and large singlet‐triplet energy gaps (ΔESTs) characteristic of MR‐TADF molecules pose challenges to achieving high‐performance devices. Herein, two isomeric compounds, p‐TPS‐BN and m‐TPS‐BN, are synthesized differing in the connection modes between a bulky tetraphenylsilane (TPS) group and an MR core. This strategy aims to suppress intermolecular interactions, reduce ΔEST values, and investigate how connection positions influence photoelectric properties. Both compounds exhibit remarkably small ΔEST values (0.08–0.09 eV) and high internal quantum yields (95.0–97.8%). Notably, p‐TPS‐BN demonstrates a faster reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) with a rate constant of 2.54 × 10⁵ s⁻¹, attributed to its optimal long‐range charge transfer (LRCT) process. A narrowband device employing p‐TPS‐BN achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency of 35.8% with an FWHM of 36 nm. This work offers an effective framework for studying structure‐property relationships in MR molecules, paving the way for the development of high‐efficiency electroluminescent devices.
Flow Behavior and Solute Distribution in the Second Cooling Zone of Continuous Casting of GCr15 Bearing Steel Regulated by Combined Magnetic Fields
Authors: Li Donggang , Liu Chongguo , Hong Wenbo , Cui Penghe , Jin Baigang , Liu Tie , Wang Qiang
Published: January 2025

GCr15 bearing steel is prone to center segregation and center crack during continuous casting, which is caused by irregular flow behavior and uneven distribution of solute. In this article, two‐stage combined magnetic fields of high‐frequency and low‐current and low‐frequency and high‐current are used to regulate the flow behavior of 30% solid phase ratio and 60% solid phase ratio in the secondary cooling zone, respectively. The distribution of solute in the final solidified structure can be homogenized by the fine control of macroscopic flow and microscopic inter‐dendrite flow under the combined magnetic field. The results show that the rotational flow of molten steel is accelerated with lower solidification rate by the first stage of electromagnetic stirring. Therefore, the solute concentration in the liquid phase increases with the increase of magnetic induction intensity. In the second stage of electromagnetic stirring, the dendrites are broken by micromagnetohydrodynamic effect and the solute segregation decreases.
The lived experience of postpartum depression and psychosis in women: a bottom‐up review co‐written by experts by experience and academics
Authors: Fusar‐Poli Paolo , Estradé Andrés , Mathi Keshnie , Mabia Constance , Yanayirah Nur , Floris Valentina , Figazzolo Elisa , Esposito Cecilia M. , Mancini Milena , Rosfort René , Catalan Ana , Baldwin Helen , Patel Rashmi , Stanghellini Giovanni , Ratcliffe Matthew , Maj Mario
Published: January 2025

This is the first bottom‐up review of the lived experience of postpartum depression and psychosis in women. The study has been co‐designed, co‐conducted and co‐written by experts by experience and academics, drawing on first‐person accounts within and outside the medical field. The material initially identified was shared with all participants in a cloud‐based system, discussed across the research team, and enriched by phenomenological insights. The subjective world of postpartum depression is characterized by a sudden onset (“being hit with a ton of bricks”), unbearable loneliness and sadness that are often suffered in silence, inability to feel positive emotions, grieving over the loss of self, feelings of being bad mothers (haunted by a suffocating burden of guilt due to that), inability to concentrate, lack of control of thoughts (“feeling like a tightrope walker without control over thoughts and emotions”), insecurity (up to needing to be nurtured and mothered themselves), and thoughts of death (“contemplating death as a glimmer of hope to escape the living nightmare”). In addition to these themes, the subjective world of postpartum psychosis is characterized by difficulty in articulating thoughts (“feeling the brain in a centrifuge”); perceptual abnormalities and unusual beliefs disrupting the sense of personal unity (with, in a few cases, thoughts of harming themselves or their baby, so that women may feel that they are “sinking in the depths of hell”); losing trust (“ploughing through the fog and losing trust and safety”), and stripping down relationships. Much of the isolation, guilt and disorientation experienced in these conditions relates to sociocultural and family environments, especially a gulf between how women feel and a web of norms and expectations surrounding motherhood. In most cases, stigma is related to a lack of knowledge of what postpartum depression or psychosis are. Stigma and lack of knowledge are core drivers impacting health care in terms of seeking professional help, accessing mental health services, and receiving pharmacological or psychological treatments. The narratives described in this paper should inform clinical practice, research and public health education. This study brings voice to the unspoken and unheard, and fosters relational connections within which different mothering experiences may be expressed and understood. This is vital to challenging negative sociocultural attitudes towards postpartum depression and psychosis, and providing the most supportive care to women experiencing such pervasive psychiatric disorders at a critical, fragile time in their lives.
Holographic Renyi entropy of 2d CFT in KdV generalized ensemble
Authors: Chen Liangyu , Dymarsky Anatoly , Tian Jia , Wang Huajia
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in chaotic two dimensional CFTs is subtle due to infinitely many conserved KdV charges. Previous works have demonstrated that primary CFT eigenstates have flat entanglement spectrum, which is very different from the microcanonical ensemble. This result is an apparent contradiction to conventional ETH, which does not take KdV charges into account. In a companion paper [1], we resolve this discrepancy by studying the subsystem entropy of a chaotic CFT in KdV-generalized Gibbs and microcanonical ensembles. In this paper, we carry out parallel computations in the context of AdS/CFT. We focus on the high density limit, which is equivalent to thermodynamic limit in conformal theories. In this limit holographic Renyi entropy can be computed using the so-called gluing construction. We explicitly study the KdV-generalized microcanonical ensemble with the densities of the first two KdV charges

$$ \left\langle {\mathcal{Q}}_1\right\rangle $$

Q
1

= q
1,

$$ \left\langle {\mathcal{Q}}_3\right\rangle $$

Q
3

= q
3 fixed and obeying q
3
−

$$ {q}_1^2\ll {q}_1^2 $$

q
1
2

≪

q
1
2

. In this regime we found that the refined Renyi entropy

$$ {\overset{\sim }{S}}_n $$

S
~

n

is n-independent for n > n
cut, where n
cut depends on q
1, q
3. By taking the primary state limit q
3 →

$$ {q}_1^2 $$

q
1
2

, we recover flat entanglement spectrum characteristic of fixed-area states, in agreement with the primary state behavior. This provides a consistency check of the KdV-generalized ETH in 2d CFTs.
Azimuthal asymmetries in lepton and heavy-quark pair production in UPCs
Authors: Boer Daniël , Maxia Luca , Pisano Cristian
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Azimuthal modulations in lepton and heavy-quark pair production in ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) of highly charged ions are investigated. The modulations in the azimuthal angles of the sum and difference of the transverse momenta of the pair of particles in the final state, as well as of the transverse impact parameter, arise from the collisions of unpolarized and polarized photons. A full description of the cross section in terms of Generalized Transverse Momentum Dependent parton distributions (GTMDs) for photons is given including a careful consideration of the Fourier transform to impact parameter space. In particular, this leads to a feed-in mechanism among harmonics of different orders, which in principle generates harmonics of all (even) orders. Wherever comparable, our analytical results for the azimuthal modulations agree with those presented in other papers on this topic. Compared to these other works, we separate effects that arise from the anisotropies of the GTMDs from those that do not and retain terms proportional to the mass of the produced particles, as they are relevant for muon, charm and bottom quark production. We show that the normalized differential cross section changes considerably with the produced particle mass, which should be discernible in UPCs at RHIC and LHC. For the numerical results we adopt several models for the photon GTMD correlator, and find that all of them are in fairly good agreement with each other and with UPC data from STAR. We also present results for various azimuthal modulations for RHIC kinematics, where we compare e
+
e
− production with the production of heavier particles, and for LHC kinematics, focusing on μ
+
μ
− production. These results exhibit interesting mass-dependent features in the asymmetries that may help study the anisotropies arising from the underlying photon GTMD description.
Photoperiodic plasticity of pigment-dispersing factor immunoreactive fibers projecting toward prothoracicotropic hormone neurons in flesh fly Sarcophaga similis larvae
Authors: Ohe Yutaro , Hasebe Masaharu , Hamanaka Yoshitaka , Goto Shin G. , Shiga Sakiko
Published: January 2025

Larvae of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga similis exhibit photoperiodic responses to control pupal diapause. Although the external coincidence model is applicable to S. similis photoperiodism, it remains unknown how the circadian clock system integrates day-length information. To explore the mechanisms, we examined the neural circuitry involving circadian clock lateral neurons (LNs) and prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) neurons. We also examined the photoperiodic effects on LN-fiber patterns in third-instar S. similis larvae. Immunohistochemistry showed that the clock protein PERIOD and the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) were co-localized in four cells per brain hemisphere, and we named these PDF-LNs of S. similis. Single-cell polymerase chain reaction of backfilled neurons from the ring gland showed that two pairs of pars lateralis neurons with contralateral axons (PL-c neurons) to the ring gland expressed ptth. Double labeling with immunohistochemistry and backfills revealed that PDF-immunoreactive varicose fibers projected close to fibers from PL-c neurons. short neuropeptide f (snpf) receptor and glutamate-gated chloride channel but not pdf receptor were expressed in PL-c neurons. sNPF and L-glutamate but not PDF acutely inhibited the spontaneous firing activity of PL-c neurons. The number of PDF-immunoreactive varicosities of PDF-LNs in the dorsal protocerebrum was significantly higher under short-day than that under long-day conditions in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that sNPF and/or glutamate signaling to PTTH neurons and PDF-LNs form a potential neural circuity for the photoperiodic control of pupal diapause and that photoperiod modifies the connectivity strength between PDF-LNs and their post- or pre-neurons in the circuitry.
Current evidence on powered versus manual circular staplers in colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martín-Arévalo José , Moro-Valdezate David , Pérez-Santiago Leticia , López-Mozos Fernando , Peña Carlos Javier , Carbonell Asins Juan Antonio , Casado Rodrigo David , García-Botello Stephanie , Gil-Alfosea Claudia , Pla-Martí Vicente
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of powered circular staplers (PCS) compared to manual circular staplers (MCS) in reducing anastomotic leakage (AL) and postoperative bleeding (AB) in colorectal surgery.

Methods

Extensive searches were performed in the Embase, PubMed, and SCOPUS electronic bibliographic databases. Most studies were of an observational nature, and only one randomized clinical trial was identified.

Results

Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria for anastomotic leakage and five for anastomotic hemorrhage. The number of patients included for AL analysis was 4524. The leakage rate was 4.6% (208 cases). The number of patients with AB was 2868 with a bleeding rate of 4.99% (143 patients). After identifying outliers and studies with possible selection bias, the odds ratio (OR) for leaks and PCS was 0.38 (95% CI 0.26–0.55), the relative risk was − 0.05 (95% CI − 0.07 to 0.03), and the number needed to treat to prevent one leak was 20. For bleeding, the PCS OR for PCS was 0.20 (95% CI 0.0772–0.5177).

Conclusion

Powered circular staplers could be associated with a significantly lower risk of leakage and anastomotic bleeding than two-row manual circular staplers. Further prospective randomized trials are needed to validate these findings.
3D basin modeling of the Lower Saxony Basin, Germany: the role of overpressure in Mesozoic claystones with implications for nuclear waste storage
Authors: Castro-Vera Leidy , Gaus Garri , Colling Cassel Marlise , Amberg Sebastian , Littke Ralf
Published: January 2025

Jurassic and Cretaceous organic-lean claystone formations in the Lower Saxony Basin (LSB), Germany, are considered for nuclear waste storage due to their favorable physical properties. Understanding the burial and thermal history of these formations, including overpressure generation and its impact, is crucial for site selection. Past undetected overpressures may result in erroneous estimation of present-day petrophysical properties. Therefore, this study investigates the evolution and spatial distribution of overpressure in claystones in northern Germany on a rather large scale, focusing on Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous units. Utilizing 3D numerical basin modeling, this study: (i) reconstructs the geodynamic evolution of the LSB, (ii) identifies key mechanisms driving overpressure during burial, (iii) detects areas of high pore-to-lithostatic pressure ratios susceptible to fracturing, and (iv) assesses overpressure’s influence on the evolution of petrophysical properties. Results reveal that during the fastest burial phase, overpressure generation began, primarily driven by disequilibrium compaction coupled with gas generation, peaking around 99 Ma at the basin’s depocenter. During the Late Cretaceous uplift, thousands of meters of sediment were eroded within the basin’s depocenter, and overpressure dissipated. According to the model, absolute overpressures were higher for Jurassic than Cretaceous claystones, but dissipation was slower for Cretaceous claystones leading to relatively higher pore-to-lithostatic pressure ratios during uplift. During overpressure buildup, the porosity reduction slowed due to undercompaction effects, underscoring overpressure’s influence on petrophysical properties. While Pleistocene glaciations caused localized overpressure, they did not impact the petrophysical properties of the assessed units. Glacial-induced erosion, however, is projected to reduce remaining overpressure substantially.

Graphical abstract
Livestock farmer-reported knowledge and attitudes regarding agroforestry planning and management
Authors: De-Sousa Karolini Tenffen , Wright Melanie , Cárdenas Laura M. , Deniz Matheus , Dittrich João Ricardo , Hötzel Maria José , Enriquez-Hidalgo Daniel
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes of livestock farmers from the United Kingdom regarding agroforestry planning and management issues. The farmers (n = 48) answered an online survey with demographic, open, closed and Likert scale questions. Almost half of the participants said they need more information to successfully plan and manage an agroforestry system, and self-reported low knowledge on management practices related to trees. Participants stated they did not expect to receive technical support from governmental agencies to maintain the agroforestry area. However, they would like to improve their knowledge through field days, courses, and Internet sources. Benefits to the environment, animals and farm profitability were considered central to successful agroforestry systems. In conclusion, participants cannot successfully plan and manage agroforestry, but they are willing to improve their knowledge and skills.