bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the mechanism of acupuncture to improve mild cognitive impairment in hypertension by regulating intestinal microbiome
Authors: Dong Xinlei , Hao Xiaomin , Wen Jian , Yan Qinfeng , Ma Kaixuan , Liu Qingguo , Li Juan , Zhang Lili
Published: December 2024

High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is linked to an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The lack of effective treatments for these conditions highlights the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiota-brain-gut axis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and MCI by regulating the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Acupuncture, an established therapeutic modality, has shown promise in influencing the course of hypertension and MCI by modulating the gut microbiota. This review aims to summarize the mechanistic relationships between the gut microbiome, hypertension, and MCI, and to explore the potential of acupuncture as a treatment strategy for managing Mild cognitive impairment in Hypertension concurrently.
Treatment of pneumothorax and bronchopleural fistula by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a neonate: a case report
Authors: Zhang Taining , Wang Jianxiu , Zhou Bingyin , Yan Bin , Chen Xilong , Wang Yanxia , Wang Weikai
Published: December 2024

Intractable pneumothorax secondary to bronchopulmonary fistula is a rare complication in neonates. We present the first report of a newborn with spontaneous pneumothorax and bronchopleural fistula treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Positive pressure mechanical ventilation resulted in persistent air leakage from the bronchopleural fistula. When ECMO was initiated, a “total lung rest” ventilation strategy was used to facilitate the healing of bronchopleural fistula and the absorption of the pneumothorax. ECMO is an effective supportive therapy for neonate pneumothorax and bronchopulmonary fistula when conventional ventilation management fails.
Method for the use of polymer beads as dosimeters for low-energy electron irradiation
Authors: Besecke Joana Kira , Kenner Lysann , Poremba André , Schönfelder Jessy , Teichmann Tobias , Thoma Martin , Grunwald Thomas , von Hauff Elizabeth , König Ulla , Poppe Björn , Schopf Simone
Published: December 2024

In this study, a novel bead-based dosimetry system was developed. This approach uses suspended polymethyl methacrylate beads, which experience a dose-dependent change in fluorescence intensities. The beads were diluted in deionized water and exposed to low-energy electron irradiation. Afterward, the beads were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mean fluorescence of these beads increased with the radiation dose in the range of 10–50 kGy. Thus, flow cytometric fluorescence measurements allow dose mapping: the signal of each bead could be assigned to a corresponding dose. The correlation between the dose and fluorescence intensity of the beads was previously examined by irradiation using a high-energy electron beam. The presented method shows potential for dosimetry in liquids for quality control in biotechnological or pharmaceutical applications using low-energy electron irradiation as the method is easy to handle, not limited to solid-state geometry, and suitable for static and dynamic irradiation setups of liquids. This novel method provides information about the dose distribution in the investigated volume of liquid by analyzing individual beads. This provides information about average, minimum, and maximum dose values, as well their actual distribution function, which is a big advantage over other methods of liquid dosimetry, where only the mean value can be obtained.
Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes — part II: relationships between the mean effects on various performance measures
Authors: Wiesinger Hans-Peter , Hopkins Will G. , Haller Nils , Blumkaitis Julia , Strepp Tilmann , Stöggl Thomas Leonhard
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Our recent meta-analyses have demonstrated that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) causes a range of mean changes in various measures and predictors of endurance and sprint performance in athletes. Here, we extend the analyses to relationships between mean changes of these measures and consider implications for understanding and improving HIIT that were not apparent in the previous analyses.

Methods

The data were mean changes from HIIT with highly trained endurance and elite other (mainly team sport) athletes in studies where two or more measures or predictors of performance were available. Relationships between changes in pairs of measures were visualized in scatterplots with points identified by aerobic and anaerobic types of HIIT; simple linear relationships were quantified via log-transformation of factor changes with a meta-regression mixed model.

Results

In endurance athletes, there were positive linear relationships between mean changes in time-trial speed/power (reflecting competition endurance performance) and mean changes in endurance performance predictors [peak speed/power, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), and aerobic/anaerobic threshold]. There were substantial differences in time-trial speed/power between studies not explained by each predictor. Exercise economy had an unclear relationship with time-trial speed/power but a decisively negative relationship with V̇O2max. In other athletes, repeated-sprint ability had a weak positive relationship with sprint speed/power. The scatter of points in some plots was associated with the type of HIIT.

Discussion

Differences in time-trial performance between studies for a given change in peak speed/power, V̇O2max, or threshold speed/power imply that time trials should be included when assessing effects of HIIT on endurance performance. Relationships between V̇O2max, time-trial speed/power, and exercise economy suggest that combining aerobic and anaerobic types of HIIT could be more effective for endurance performance. Sprints and repeated-sprint ability are important performance measures for team-sport athletes; their poor relationship implies that both should be measured when assessing HIIT.

Clinical Trial Registration:

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=236384
Not on the same wavelength? How autistic traits influence cooperation: evidence from fNIRS hyperscanning
Authors: Li Kaiyun , Du Bang , Guan Xue , Chen Liu , Wang Mingxue , Chen Gongxiang , Jia Fanlu , Jiang Xiaoqing
Published: December 2024

Background

Individuals with high autistic traits exhibit characteristics like those of individuals with autism, including impairments in sociability and communication skills. Whether individuals with high autistic traits exhibit less cooperation remains debated.

Methods

This study employed the prisoner’s dilemma game (PDG) to measure cooperation in 56 dyads, including 27 with high-low (HL) autistic traits and 29 with low-low (LL) autistic traits, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning technique. Cognitive and emotional empathy were also measured.

Results

Individuals with high autistic traits had a lower unilateral cooperation rate than did those with low autistic traits; The HL autistic dyads exhibited a lower mutual cooperation rate and reduced interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS) in the right inferior parietal lobule (r-IPL) and right temporoparietal junction (r-TPJ) compared with the LL autistic dyads; Individuals with high autistic traits had significantly lower cognitive empathy scores than did those with low autistic traits, and the cognitive empathy scores had a marginally significant positive correlation with the unilateral cooperation rate and a marginally significant negative correlation with the activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus (r-IFG); Emotional empathy scores did not significantly differ between the high and low autistic groups, and there was a significant positive correlation between emotional empathy scores and the activation of the r-IFG in individuals with high autistic traits.

Conclusion

This study revealed abnormal cooperation in individuals with high autistic traits from unilateral and mutual behavior neural perspectives, potentially linked to a disability of cognitive empathy.
Effect of two teaching methods on nursing students' acquisition of patient-centered communication competence in older people care: a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Cortés-Rodríguez Alda Elena , López-Rodríguez María Mar , Roman Pablo , Granero-Molina José , Fernández-Sola Cayetano , Hernández-Padilla José Manuel
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Patient-centered communication is an essential skill in nursing, particularly in the care of older adult patients. However, generation Z nursing students, who primarily communicate through digital platforms, face unique challenges in adapting to traditional face-to-face communication with older adults. As a result, there is a need for teaching methods that align with this generation's learning style to enhance their communication skills. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two teaching methods—standardized patient simulation and role-play—on nursing students' acquisition of patient-centered communication competence in older people care.

Methods

A controlled cluster-randomized trial was conducted with 124 nursing students, divided into eight teaching groups. Students participated in either a standardized patient simulation or a role-play workshop, each consisting of a 1.5-h online module and a 1.5-h face-to-face session. The three components of patient-centered communication competence—knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy—were assessed using simulated scenarios at pre-test, post-test, and 6-week follow-up. Between-group and within-group differences were measured based on the number of students who achieved competence.

Results

Both interventions significantly improved students' knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy in patient-centered communication between pre- and post-tests, with improvements maintained at follow-up. No significant differences were found between the two methods.

Conclusions

Both standardized patient simulation and role-play are effective in enhancing patient-centered communication competence in older people care. However, neither method was found to be superior in teaching knowledge, skills, or self-efficacy.
Case Report: Filamin C gene mutation associated with restrictive cardiomyopathy leading to heart transplantation
Authors: Sales Ludmila De Oliveira Jaime , Gutierrez Paulo Sampaio , Siqueira Adailson Wagner D. , Jatene Marcelo Biscegli , Azeka Estela
Published: December 2024

Background

Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the myocardium and can be classified as dilated, restrictive, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Among the subtypes, restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by restriction of ventricular filling and its uncommon cause is a disease due to mutation on Filamin C (FLNC) gene. Filamin C is an actin-binding protein encoded by FLNC gene and participates in sarcomere stability maintenance, which is expressed on the striated muscle. FLNC variants have been associated with restrictive cardiomyopathy and non-compaction cardiomyopathies. The association of FLNC with a broad spectrum of cardiac phenotypes shows an important gap in knowledge. Therefore, a wide investigation is necessary to diagnose this pathology, including an anatomopathological study and genetic tests.

Methods/results

The purpose of this study is to report about a patient who had restrictive cardiomyopathy due to mutation on Filamin C gene and was indicated for heart transplantation.

Conclusion

The etiology of cardiomyopathy is important for the clinical management of the patient and also for guiding families regarding genetic counseling and prevention of new cases in the family.
Effects of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block on intrapulmonary shunt and oxygenation in patients with single-lung ventilation
Authors: Zhu Guoshao , Su Changsheng , Kang Zhenming , Zeng Jingyang , Li Shunyuan
Published: December 2024

Background

Single-lung ventilation (SLV) is a widely used procedure in thoracic surgery; however, it can lead to hypoxemia, which is attributed to intrapulmonary shunt and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Stellate ganglion blockade (SGB) has shown protective effects during SLV in various pulmonary conditions. The objective of the study was to assess the clinical utility of ultrasound-guided SGB in patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy through a prospective clinical trial.

Methods

This prospective randomized controlled double-blind trial included 116 patients who underwent SLV. After exclusion, 88 patients were randomly assigned to either the SGB group (n = 40) or control group (n = 39), with the latter receiving no SGB. Hemodynamics using oxygenation index (OI) and the pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), respiratory mechanics using dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) and mean airway pressure (Pmean), and levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-8) were assessed as clinical outcomes after surgery.

Results

SLV induced upregulation of Pmean, Qs/Qt, and levels of IL-6 and IL-8 and downregulation of Cdyn and OI. Compared to the control group, the SGB group demonstrated significantly decreased Pmean, Qs/Qt, IL-6, and IL-8 and increased Cdyn and OI, suggesting the protective effects of SGB in patients who received SLV.

Conclusions

Ultrasound-guided SGB improves respiratory mechanics, hemodynamics, and inflammatory responses during SLV. Our findings suggest a protective role of SGB in reducing complications associated with SLV.

Clinical Trial Registration

The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (#ChiCTR2200063210).
Genome-Wide Microsatellites in Acanthopagrus latus: Development, Distribution, Characterization, and Polymorphism
Authors: Peng Chao , Luo Congqiang , Xiang Guangqing , Huang Jiezhen , Shao Liye , Huang Haihong , Fan Sigang
Published: December 2024

The yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) is an economically important commercial mariculture fish in China and Southeast Asia. Only a few simple sequence repeats (SSRs) of A. latus have been isolated and reported, which has hindered breeding progress. A total of 318,862 SSRs were isolated and characterized from the A. latus genome in this study. All SSRs were 9,069,670 bp in length, accounting for 1.32% of the genome. The density and frequency of SSRs were 468.40 loci/Mb and 13,323.19 bp/Mb, respectively. The major SSRs were dinucleotides (accounting for 76.92%), followed by trinucleotides (15.75%). The most abundant SSR motif was (AC)n (168,390, accounting for 53%), with the highest frequency (245.78 loci/Mb) and density (7304.18 bp/Mb). Most SSRs were located in non-coding regions, such as intergenic regions (34.54%) and introns (56.91%). SSR-containing exons were distributed into 51 gene ontology (GO) terms and significantly enriched in immunity- and growth-related pathways. A total of 217,791 SSR markers were successfully designed. Nine SSR markers were amplified in 29 A. latus individuals, and eight of them possess high polymorphism. The cross-species transferability of 33 out of the 37 tested loci were successfully amplified in Acanthopagrus schlegelii. These results lay the foundation for the molecular marker-assisted breeding and genetic information assessment of A. latus.
CMDAF: Cross-Modality Dual-Attention Fusion Network for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Guo Wang , Su Kun , Jiang Bin , Xie Kang , Liu Jie
Published: December 2024

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) seeks to predict subjective human sentiments by utilizing information from multiple modalities. It has been applied in diverse scenarios. Recent studies suggest that MSA benefits from integrating diverse modalities, emphasizing the fusion of multimodal information at different levels and the joint learning of modality-consistent and modality-inconsistent representations. In this work, we put forward a cross-modality dual-attention fusion network (CMDAF) that incorporates a cross-modality dual-attention fusion module. This module facilitates the integration of representations across modalities, enabling effective fusion from shallow to deep levels. A Transformer-based projection module transforms the fused representations into modality-consistent and modality-inconsistent forms, further enhanced through multi-scale contrast learning. Experiments on three MSA datasets (MOSI, MOSEI, and CH-SIMS) demonstrate the superiority of CMDAF, achieving state-of-the-art performance on most metrics.
Feature Collection in Peptide Therapeutics: Current Applications and Future Directions
Authors: Lebleu Bernard
Published: December 2024

The use of peptides in medicine began long ago with peptidic hormones [...]
Radiation-Induced Brain Injury: Mechanistic Insights and the Promise of Gut–Brain Axis Therapies
Authors: Li Mengting , Tong Fan , Wu Bian , Dong Xiaorong
Published: December 2024

Radiation therapy is widely recognized as an efficacious modality for treating neoplasms located within the craniofacial region. Nevertheless, this approach is not devoid of risks, predominantly concerning potential harm to the neural structures. Adverse effects may encompass focal cerebral necrosis, cognitive function compromise, cerebrovascular pathology, spinal cord injury, and detriment to the neural fibers constituting the brachial plexus. With increasing survival rates among oncology patients, evaluating post-treatment quality of life has become crucial in assessing the benefits of radiation therapy. Consequently, it is imperative to investigate therapeutic strategies to mitigate cerebral complications from radiation exposure. Current management of radiation-induced cerebral damage involves corticosteroids and bevacizumab, with preclinical research on antioxidants and thalidomide. Despite these efforts, an optimal treatment remains elusive. Recent studies suggest the gut microbiota’s involvement in neurologic pathologies. This review aims to discuss the causes and existing treatments for radiation-induced cerebral injury and explore gut microbiota modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy.
Research on the Construction Method of Cultural Visiting Routes Based on the Coupling Coordination Degree Model: A Case Study of Zhongshan Road Historical and Cultural Block, Xiamen, China
Authors: Cai Yue , Zhou Mengru , Wu Quhang
Published: December 2024

As a form of urban experience tour, cultural visiting routes provide an innovative approach to addressing the fragmentation and isolation of cultural resources in historic districts. This method emphasizes the systematic continuity of cultural spatial patterns and is currently implemented at both regional and urban scales. However, methods for constructing cultural visiting routes at the block scale still require further investigation. And there is a notable lack of studies that consider the integration of multiple systems in cultural visiting routes. Consequently, this research proposes a novel approach for constructing cultural visiting routes based on the coupling and coordination of multiple systems. Using the Zhongshan Road Historical and Cultural Block in Xiamen, China, as a case study, this study develops cultural visiting routes by analyzing the degree of coupling coordination between cultural resource value and the street walking environment. The findings are as follows: (1) The cultural visiting routes within the Zhongshan Road Block can be categorized into three levels: the first-level routes, represented by Zhongshan Road; the second-level routes, represented by Datong Road; and the third-level routes, represented by Park South Road. (2) The first-level cultural visiting routes demonstrate a high degree of coupling coordination, with an optimization direction focused on refined updates. The second-level routes exhibit a medium degree of coupling coordination, indicating an urgent need to address issues across the entire road section. The third-level routes reveal a low degree of coupling coordination, necessitating attention to the enhancement of cultural visiting elements. This study emphasizes that the construction of block-scale cultural visiting routes must prioritize not only the extraction of value from cultural resources but also the influence of the street walking environment.
From Junk to Genius: Robotic Arms and AI Crafting Creative Designs from Scraps
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Chen Xiang , Yu Shengliang
Published: December 2024

As sustainable architecture is increasingly emphasizing material reuse, this study proposes a novel, interactive workflow that integrates robotic arms and artificial intelligence to transform waste materials from architectural models into creative design components. Unlike existing recycling efforts, which focus on the construction phase, this research uniquely targeted discarded architectural model materials, particularly polystyrene foam, that are often overlooked, despite their environmental impact. The workflow combined computer vision and machine learning, utilizing the YOLOv5 model, which achieved a classification accuracy exceeding 83% for the polygon, rectangle, and circle categories, demonstrating a superior recognition performance. Robotic sorting demonstrated the ability to process up to six foam blocks per minute under controlled conditions. By integrating Stable Diffusion, we further generated speculative architectural renderings, enhancing creativity and design exploration. Participant testing revealed that human interaction reduced stacking errors by 57% and significantly improved user satisfaction. Moreover, human–robot collaboration not only corrected robotic errors, but also fostered innovative and collaborative solutions, demonstrating the system’s potential as a versatile tool for education and industry while promoting sustainability in design. Thus, this workflow offers a scalable approach to creative material reuse, promoting sustainable practices from the model-making stage of architectural design. While these initial results are promising, further research is needed to adapt this technique for larger-scale construction materials, addressing real-world constraints and broadening its applicability.
The Importance of Early Detection and Prevention of Atypical Skin Lesions and Other Melanoma Risk Factors in a Younger Population
Authors: Karp Paulina , Karp Katarzyna , Kądziela Marcelina , Zajdel Radosław , Żebrowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Skin cancer is becoming increasingly common due to increasing risk factors such as excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation, genetic predisposition, fair skin, and a history of sunburn. Melanoma accounts for only 1% of cases but causes most skin cancer deaths. Dysplastic nevi (DN) are important precursors of melanoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of these risk factors on the incidence and stage of skin cancer. Methods: The study included 591 patients aged 18 to 64 who visited the Department of Dermatology and Venereology in 2022–2023 for skin examinations. Each patient completed a questionnaire regarding the risk factors for melanoma and atypical melanocytic nevi and then underwent a dermatoscopic examination of the whole body using a digital videodermatoscope. Results: Dermatoscopic examination revealed a lesion suggestive of melanoma in 1.69% of the patients. Risk factors for developing melanoma included male gender, family history of melanoma, number of skin moles, sunburn in childhood, sun-dependent hobby, using a tanning bed, using low sun protection factor (SPF) cream, not avoiding sun exposure, and co-occurrence of actinic keratosis. Conclusions: Risk factors for melanoma and dysplastic nevi are still common among patients, but the situation has been improving over the years. Early intervention and education on sun safety can play pivotal roles in reducing the incidence of atypical moles and potentially preventing malignant transformations.
Transient Stability Analysis for Grid-Connected Renewable Power Generation Systems Based on LMI Optimization Modelling
Authors: Tang Wenzuo , Li Bo , Hou Shuaicheng , Shao Xianqi , Yu Hongjie
Published: December 2024

Grid-connected renewable power generation systems (RPGSs) may be disconnected from the grid under a transient process, which may possibly induce large-scale power outage accidents. Optimization of parameters based on transient stability analysis of RPGSs would be a feasible solution to such a problem. However, the accurate stability boundary of a grid-connected RPGS are hard to obtain, as the commonly used transient stability analysis methods have the problems of large computation burden with no quantitative solution (numerical method), low analysis accuracy (equal area method), and complexity or impossibility in implementation (Lyapunov function-based methods). In this paper, a modified transient stability analysis method is proposed. By calculating the largest area of the domain of attraction (LEDA) based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) method and optimization modelling, and then applying parameter sensitivity analysis to the LEDA, the dominant parameters that have high impacts on the LEDA are revealed. A parameter optimization design method that can improve the system’s transient stability is eventually obtained. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation system of a 2 MW grid-connected RPGS is established based on the Typhoon HIL 602 device. The theoretical results are verified by using HIL simulation results.
Study on Novel Modified Phenolic Foams with Added Pine Wood Sawdust
Authors: Ling Jianwei , Lu Shiyu , Liu Shouqing , Li Xuemei , Liu Jianxiang
Published: December 2024

The use of low-cost agricultural and forestry waste for the preparation of modified phenolic foam (MPF) has attracted widespread attention and has shown promising prospects. This study proposes a novel method for producing MPF using pine sawdust. The full components of pine wood powder and its liquefied products were used as raw materials, and the resin was modified with a silane coupling agent (KH560), triethylene glycol (TEG), and nylon 66 (PA66). Subsequently, three novel MPFs were successfully fabricated using a transplanted core foaming technique, and their material properties were subsequently investigated. The results showed that all three MPFs exhibited excellent compressive strength and flame retardancy, with compressive strength ranging from 5.93 MPa to 12.22 MPa and oxygen index values between 36.2% and 41.5%. In terms of water resistance, the MPFs significantly outperformed traditional phenolic foam (PF); in particular, the addition of 4% KH560 and PA66 reduced the water absorption rate to as low as 2.5%. Furthermore, the powdering rate and thermal conductivity of all MPFs were significantly reduced, with chalking rates decreasing by 28.57% to 50%. This research presents a novel method for preparing MPF using agroforestry waste as a partial replacement for phenol. This approach achieves high-value utilization of pine sawdust while maintaining the performance of the MPF, thus broadening the avenues for MPF production.
Computing Stackelberg Equilibrium for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ganzfried Sam
Published: December 2024

Recent work by Kleshnina et al. has presented a Stackelberg evolutionary game model in which the Stackelberg equilibrium strategy for the leading player corresponds to the optimal cancer treatment. We present an approach that is able to quickly and accurately solve the model presented in that work.
The Abuser in the Machine: The Invisible Man (2020) as Modern Gothic Horror
Authors: Zarka Emily
Published: December 2024

By modernizing Gothic tropes within a narrative exploring the trauma of intimate partner violence, the latest film adaptation of The Invisible Man from Leigh Whannel draws attention to the invisibility of the psychological and societal horrors of abuse. With a blend of psychological and physical horror, this feminist reinterpretation of H.G. Wells’ classic novel navigates intersecting genres of horror to facilitate its emotional impact. In a close reading of the cinematic techniques and plot through a Gothic lens, Whannell’s version of ‘The Invisible Man’ reveals its successful reflection of the dangers of technology-enabled control’s capacity to reinforce societal compliance in gender-based violence.
Successful Laparoscopy-Assisted Extirpation of Burkitt’s Lymphoma Causing Intestinal Obstruction in a 17-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Derzsi Zoltán , Bara Zsolt , Horváth Emőke , Serac Gabriel , Mărginean Răzvan , Sólyom Réka , Kovács Evelyn , Gozar Horea
Published: December 2024

Background: Childhood extranodal B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are often caused by Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL). Treatment usually involves intensive polychemotherapy, and recent prospective trials show significantly improved outcomes. Surgery primarily involves conducting biopsies; ablative interventions are not recommended. However, in cases of severe presentation, such as an acute abdomen, emergency surgery may be necessary. Methods: We present the case of a 17-year-old boy who underwent emergency surgery due to intestinal obstruction caused by a tumor mass. An exploratory laparoscopy was performed due to abdominal wall infiltrates, and a large intraabdominal mass was discovered in the ileocaecal region. The tumor and tumor infiltrates were successfully removed en bloc in a minimally invasive laparoscopy-assisted fashion. Results: The postoperative course was favorable, and chemotherapy was started. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of BL. Follow-up examinations, including a positron emission tomography (PET) scan, showed no tumor recurrence. More than two years later, the patient remains asymptomatic with negative PET scans. Conclusions: Laparoscopy-assisted removal can be useful for pediatric solid abdominal tumors with abdominal wall infiltrates that cause obstruction. Surgeons must assess indications and procedures based on imaging and findings during emergency interventions. The role of ablative MIS in pediatric BL is limited.
Temporal and Spatial Variation in Habitat Quality in Guangxi Based on PLUS-InVEST Model
Authors: Pan Chuntian , Wen Jun , Ma Jianing
Published: December 2024

Despite Guangxi’s unique ecological diversity and its important role in land-based ecological security and conservation, research on the assessment and prediction of its habitat quality under the influences of rapid urbanization and environmental pressures remains limited. This study systematically analyzes the spatial and temporal dynamics of land use and habitat quality in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020 using the PLUS-InVEST model and simulates future scenarios for 2030. These scenarios include the Natural Development (ND) scenario, Urban Development (UD) scenario, and Cropland and Ecological Protection (CE) scenario. The results indicate the following: (1) Over the past two decades, rapid urban and construction land expansions in Guangxi intensified their negative impact on habitat degradation. Additionally, the disproportionate change between rural settlement land and rural population warrants attention. (2) Although ecological restoration measures have played a positive role in mitigating habitat degradation, their effects have been insufficient to counterbalance the negative impacts of construction land expansion, highlighting the need for balanced land use planning and urbanization policies. (3) The expansion of rural residential areas had a greater impact on regional habitat quality degradation than urban and infrastructure expansion. Moderate urbanization may contribute to habitat quality improvement. (4) The CE scenario shows the most significant improvement in habitat quality (an increase of 0.13%), followed by the UD scenario, which alleviates habitat degradation by reducing pressure on rural land. In contrast, the ND scenario predicts further declines in habitat quality. Furthermore, land use planning, restoration measures, and sustainable development policies are key factors influencing habitat quality changes. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating land use strategies with ecological restoration measures to balance economic growth and biodiversity conservation, especially in rapidly urbanizing regions.
Spatio-Temporal Change in Urban Carbon Metabolism Based on Ecological Network Analysis: A Case Study in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration, China
Authors: Xu Fang , Guo Xiaoyou
Published: December 2024

Urban carbon emissions significantly contribute to climate change, exacerbating environmental issues such as global warming. Understanding carbon metabolism is vital for identifying key emission sources and implementing targeted mitigation strategies. This study presents an innovative carbon metabolism analysis framework that integrates an ecological network analysis (ENA) with land use dynamics, enriching the theoretical system and providing policy recommendations for sustainable urban development. We investigated carbon metabolism in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration (BTHUA) from 2000 to 2020 using land use and statistical data. The ENA method quantified the ecological relationships between land use compartments. Our findings revealed that industrial and transportation land exhibited the highest carbon emission density, while forest land demonstrated the highest carbon sequestration density. Notably, the negative net horizontal carbon flow indicated that land use changes exacerbated the disorder of carbon metabolism. The increasing mutualism index suggested a reduction in the negative impacts of land use changes on carbon metabolism. This study highlights the importance of spatial planning in transforming ecological relationships and provides a comprehensive understanding of carbon metabolism dynamics influenced by land use changes. The insights gained can inform effective mitigation strategies in the BTHUA and similar urban agglomerations, ultimately contributing to sustainable urban development.
Development of a TaqMan qPCR for the Simultaneous Detection of the TuMV and BBWV2 Viruses Responsible for the Viral Disease in Pseudostellaria heterophylla
Authors: Gu Li , Liu Chensi , Yao Shuting , Wu Jiaxin , Wang Lianghong , Mu Jing , Wang Yankun , Wang Jianming , Zhang Zhongyi , Li Mingjie
Published: December 2024

Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax, a highly valued Chinese medicinal plant, is experiencing a notable decline in yield and quality due to viral diseases, particularly caused those by TuMV and BBWV2. Currently, the absence of a quantitative detection method for these viruses in P. heterophylla impedes the accurate diagnosis. The development of an accurate quantitative detection method is thus essential for effectively managing viral diseases in this plant. In this study, singleplex and duplex TaqMan qPCR were developed for the detection of the two viruses, based on two viral cloning vectors. Concurrently, the levels of both viruses were examined in the main produced regions of P. heterophylla. Furthermore, the levels of BBWV2 were examined during its infection of P. heterophylla. The optimal singleplex qPCR employed 0.1 μM of hydrolysis probe and 0.1 μM of primer for TuMV, while 0.2 μM of hydrolysis probe and 0.1 μM of primer were utilised for BBWV2. In contrast, the duplex qPCR employed the use of 0.1 μM of the upstream/downstream primer from each primer pair, with 0.2 μM of the respective hydrolysis probes. The 95% limit of detection (LOD) for singleplex qPCR was 734 copies for TuMV and 20 copies for BBWV2, while the 95% LOD for duplex qPCR was 945 copies for TuMV and 47 copies for BBWV2. Furthermore, the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were found to be less than 1.2% for both singleplex and duplex qPCR. Of the P. heterophylla sampled 60 sites, 96% were found to be infected by one of two viruses. The levels of BBWV2 in N. benthamiana and P. heterophylla demonstrated an initial increase, followed by a subsequent decrease. The TaqMan qPCR methods provide a technical foundation for the monitoring of virus infections in P. heterophylla.
Study on Preparation Process of Anticoagulant BAY2433334
Authors: Zeng Yanqun , Cen Guodong , Zhou Guanglin , Zhu Xucheng , Huang Long , Wang Xiaoyu
Published: December 2024

A new process route suitable for the industrial production of BAY2433334 has been developed in this paper, which avoids the patent limitations of the originator company of BAY2433334 to the preparation of BAY2433334. BAY2433334 is obtained from (2R)-2-aminobutyric acid by esterification, diazotization, condensation reactions, deacetyl deprotection, activation reactions, and Mitsunobu reactions. This method is simple to operate, and the raw materials are inexpensive and readily available. Simultaneously, the product quality is very high; few O-alkylated impurities are generated during the reaction, with a high N-alkylated product/O-alkylated product ratio (above 35–45:1). As a result, the ee value is greater than 99%, which means that there are very few isomers present such that no chiral resolution is required, which greatly reduces the cost.
The Significant Therapeutic Effects of Chinese Scorpion: Modern Scientific Exploration of Ion Channels
Authors: Zheng Yueyuan , Wen Qiuyi , Huang Yushi , Guo Dean
Published: December 2024

Chinese scorpion (CS), a traditional animal-based medicine used for over a millennium, has been documented since AD 935–960. It is derived from the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch and is used to treat various ailments such as stroke, epilepsy, rheumatism, and more. Modern research has identified the pharmacological mechanisms behind its traditional uses, with active components like venom and proteins showing analgesic, antitumor, antiepileptic, and antithrombotic effects. Studies reveal that CS affects ion channels, crucial for cellular functions, through interactions with sodium, potassium, and calcium channels, potentially explaining its therapeutic effects. Future research aims to elucidate the precise mechanisms, target specific ion channel subtypes, and validate clinical efficacy and safety, paving the way for novel therapies based on these natural compounds.
Process Research of Surface Laser Phase Transformation Hardening for 42CrMo Material
Authors: He Peiyu , Ding Yi , Hu Xinyao , Qian Liming , Wang Yun , Li Fuzhu
Published: December 2024

42CrMo is an ultra-high-strength, low-alloy structural steel. To enhance its surface wear resistance and prolong the service life of components, surface strengthening techniques are commonly applied. In this study, a numerical model for the laser phase transformation hardening of 42CrMo was established. The temperature field and metallurgical transformations during the laser phase transformation hardening process were investigated through numerical simulation, and the morphology of the hardened layer after laser surface treatment was predicted. The effects of key process parameters on the temperature field and the characteristics of the hardened layer were identified. The optimal parameters for single-pass laser phase transformation hardening were found to be a laser power of 1200 W, a scanning speed of 20 mm/s, and a spot diameter of 6 mm. The accuracy of the simulation results was validated through laser phase transformation hardening experiments. The results indicate that under these optimal conditions—laser power of 1200 W and a scanning speed of 20 mm/s—the hardening effect is maximized. The surface hardness reaches a maximum of 782 HV0.2, with a cross-sectional hardness peaking at 875 HV0.2, which is three to four times higher than the base material’s hardness, with an average surface hardness of 745 HV0.2.
Cryopreservation Protocols and the Associated Ultrastructural Changes in Dormant Buds of Vitis amurensis
Authors: Sun Dan , Ni Peijin , Liu Jian , Wang Zhenxing , Shi Guangli , Li Meng , Zhang Xuanhe , Ai Jun
Published: December 2024

There is an urgent need for the cryopreservation of dormant buds to conserve the genetic resources of woody plants, particularly fruit trees, as this method is less time-consuming and relatively inexpensive. In the present study, three different cryopreservation protocols were tested on dormant buds from three varieties of Vitis amurensis Rupr. The explants were collected between November 2017 and March 2018. Twig segments harvested from field-grown plants, each containing one dormant bud, were desiccated in a low-temperature test chamber at −5 °C. The viability of the buds was highest (45%) after 28–30 days of desiccation, when the moisture content was approximately 25–30%. Cryopreservation using the CP3 protocol (which involves decreasing the temperature at a rate of 0.1 °C/min to −30 °C and holding this temperature for 24 h, followed by a 0.5 °C/min decline to −80 °C, a 1 °C/min decline to −180 °C, and finally reaching −196 °C in a CryoMed controlled rate freezer) significantly enhanced the viability (66.67%) when the samples were packed in aluminum-foil bags. Additionally, immersing the twigs in ice-cold (4 °C) water for 24 h in a refrigerator during thawing proved to be more conducive to viability. The dormant buds of all three V. amurensis varieties collected in January exhibited the highest viability after cryopreservation, followed by those collected in February and December. In contrast, the dormant buds collected in November and March showed the lowest viability after cryopreservation. The average viability of twigs of ‘Shuanghong’, ‘Zuoshanyi’, and ‘Shuangfeng’ collected between 2019 and 2021 all exceeded 60%. After the cryopreservation process, the outer multilayered cells in the buds were completely damaged; however, the inner cells exhibited moderate damage and were able to resume growth after thawing. Therefore, based on graft viability and histological observations, the dormant bud cryopreservation protocols tested in this study could be applicable to these three V. amurensis varieties.
High Speed Sintering of Polyamide 12: From Powder to Part Properties
Authors: Kemnitzer Jan , Wimmer Marco , Tarasova Anna , Döpper Frank
Published: December 2024

High Speed Sintering (HSS) is an additive manufacturing process with great potential to produce complex, high-quality polymer parts on an industrial scale. However, little information is currently available on the characteristics of the powder materials used and the part properties that can be achieved. This is also the case for the standard material polyamide 12 (PA 12) and the first commercially available HSS machine, the VX200 HSS. The aim of this study is, therefore, to provide the first comprehensive overview of the properties of PA 12 parts manufactured with the VX200 HSS and the characteristics of the PA 12 powder. This includes the analysis of the influence of part orientation and part position in the build job. To characterize the powder, particle size distribution, particle shape, thermal properties and powder flowability were analyzed. To characterize the parts, density and various thermal, mechanical and geometrical properties were analyzed. In summary, the powder material and part properties are largely similar to those of other Powder Bed Fusion of Polymer (PBF/P) processes. However, there are also significant differences for some part properties. It was also determined that the anisotropy of parts is very low compared to that of many other additive manufacturing processes.
Social Orientations, Preferred Values or Political Beliefs: What Predicts Anxiety and Interest in Climate Change?
Authors: Próchniak Piotr , Kawicka-Wamberski Sandra , Wilanowska Ewa
Published: December 2024

An understanding of the psychosocial factors that influence an individual’s attitude towards climate change and the potential impact of these factors on sustainability could prove valuable in the development of future programmes and campaigns designed to encourage more eco-friendly behaviours. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between anxiety about climate change, climate change curiosity, and a number of variables pertaining to psychosocial functioning, including social orientations, preferred values, and political beliefs. This study involved a sample of 277 people (Mage = 30.10; SD age = 9.32) who completed a series of scales: The Climate Anxiety Scale, The Curiosity of Climate Changes Scale, Agency/Communion Scale, The Portrait Values Questionnaire, and The Political Beliefs Questionnaire. The regression analysis revealed that two aspects of social orientation, namely unmitigated agency and unmitigated communion, were predictive of anxiety about climate change. Conversely, curiosity about climate change was not predicted by different aspects of social orientation. The self-transcendence metacategory of values was found to positively predict climate anxiety, whereas the conservation metacategory of values predicts it negatively. Political beliefs were not found to predict fear of climate change; however, some aspects of political beliefs were predictive of interest in climate change. Furthermore, a cluster analysis identified three distinct clusters of participants, distinguished by varying scores on the climate anxiety and climate curiosity scales. These clusters were characterised as follows: Anxious (individuals with high levels of climate anxiety and high levels of climate curiosity), Curious (individuals with low levels of climate anxiety and high levels of climate curiosity) and Disinterested (individuals with low levels of climate anxiety and low levels of climate curiosity). The individuals grouped within these clusters demonstrated differences in some aspects of social orientation, preferred values, and political beliefs.
AI-Driven Optimization of Urban Logistics in Smart Cities: Integrating Autonomous Vehicles and IoT for Efficient Delivery Systems
Authors: Mohsen Baha M.
Published: December 2024

Urban logistics play a pivotal role in smart city development, aiming to improve the efficiency and sustainability of goods delivery in urban environments. As cities face growing challenges related to congestion, traffic management, and environmental impact, there is an increasing need for advanced technologies to optimize urban delivery systems. This paper proposes an innovative framework that integrates artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous vehicles (AVs), and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to address these challenges. The framework leverages real-time data from IoT-enabled infrastructure to optimize route planning, enhance traffic signal control, and enable predictive demand management for delivery services. By incorporating AI-driven analytics, the proposed approach aims to improve traffic flow, reduce congestion, and minimize the carbon footprint of urban logistics, contributing to the development of more sustainable and efficient smart cities. This work highlights the potential for combining these technologies to transform urban logistics, offering a novel approach to enhancing delivery operations in densely populated areas.