bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of identity exploration in various domains in early adolescence: The results of a longitudinal study
Authors: Kłym-Guba Maria , Cieciuch Jan
Published: November 2016

In accordance with the classic – developmental – approach to identity originated by Marcia (1966), there are two basic identity formation processes: exploration and commitment. The first step on the way to mature identity is exploration. The aim of the present study was to analyze the dynamics of exploration in the period when it begins: in early adolescence. The participants in the longitudinal study (with three measurements at half-year intervals) were 327 adolescents aged 11 to 15 (M = 13.26, SD = 1.20) – elementary and middle school students. The sample was balanced in terms of gender (45% were girls). The instrument we used was the Early Identity Exploration Scale (EIES; Kłym & Cieciuch, 2015), enabling the measurement of identity exploration in 12 domains: physical appearance, free time, family of origin, work, boyfriend–girlfriend relationships, own opinion formation, perception of own place in the life cycle, self-reflection, future, future family, outlook on life, and attitude toward rules. The analysis was performed using a latent growth curve model. It turned out that in some domains (physical appearance, work, boyfriend–girlfriend relationships, and outlook on life) the level of exploration systematically increased, despite the relatively short time of the study; the domain of boyfriend–girlfriend relationships was the only one in which we found no interpersonal differentiation in the intensity of this increase. It also turned out that there was interpersonal differentiation in the level of exploration at the outset in all the domains analyzed.
Dynamika poszukiwania tożsamościowego w różnych domenach we wczesnej adolescencji: wyniki badań podłużnych
Authors: Kłym-Guba Maria , Cieciuch Jan
Published: November 2016

In accordance with the classic – developmental – approach to identity originated by Marcia (1966), there are two basic identity formation processes: exploration and commitment. The first step on the way to mature identity is exploration. The aim of the present study was to analyze the dynamics of exploration in the period when it begins: in early adolescence. The participants in the longitudinal study (with three measurements at half-year intervals) were 327 adolescents aged 11 to 15 (M = 13.26, SD = 1.20) – elementary and middle school students. The sample was balanced in terms of gender (45% were girls). The instrument we used was the Early Identity Exploration Scale (EIES; Kłym & Cieciuch, 2015), enabling the measurement of identity exploration in 12 domains: physical appearance, free time, family of origin, work, boyfriend–girlfriend relationships, own opinion formation, perception of own place in the life cycle, self-reflection, future, future family, outlook on life, and attitude toward rules. The analysis was performed using a latent growth curve model. It turned out that in some domains (physical appearance, work, boyfriend–girlfriend relationships, and outlook on life) the level of exploration systematically increased, despite the relatively short time of the study; the domain of boyfriend–girlfriend relationships was the only one in which we found no interpersonal differentiation in the intensity of this increase. It also turned out that there was interpersonal differentiation in the level of exploration at the outset in all the domains analyzed.
Attitudes toward globalization and identity styles
Authors: Senejko Alicja , Łoś Zbigniew
Published: November 2016

The main aim of the article is to show the possible relations between attitudes toward globalization as described by Senejko and Łoś and the specificity of identity styles as described by Berzonsky. The participants were 601 people aged 16-26 – school students, university students, and working people from the Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, Poland. We used the following instruments: The World–I Questionnaire (measuring attitudes toward globalization) and the Identity Style Inventory (ISI-5). The results obtained in correlational analyses and cluster analyses show that people with a strongly manifested accepting attitude toward globalization are characterized mainly by the informational style and the least strongly by the normative and diffuse-avoidant styles. As the results showed, the critical attitude toward globalization occurs in the form of two clusters: (1) with strong critical and accepting attitudes (people with this configuration of attitudes exhibit a strongly expressed informational identity style and commitment and a weakly expressed normative style); (2) with strong critical and fearful attitudes (individuals with this configuration of attitudes mainly exhibit the normative identity style and commitment). People with a strongly expressed fearful attitude toward globalization typically use the diffuse-avoidant or normative styles, while the least strongly expressed identity style in this group is the informational style and commitment. Cluster analysis made it also possible to distinguish people with a distanced attitude toward globalization, characterized by fairly strong identity commitment.
An Assessment Of Clean Development Mechanism Project Contribution To Sustainable Development In Nigeria
Authors: Pillay Surendran
Published: November 2016

A Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a market-based climate change instrument used to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. CDM’s have become popular in many developing countries, however given the materially skewed distribution of CDM projects in developing countries it not clear whether CDM projects contribute materially to environmental and economic sustainable development in developing countries. This study examines the effect of CDM on sustainable development in Nigeria by reviewing sample of working CDM projects in Nigeria against globally established sustainable development criteria. Possible amendments to CDM policy are then reviewed based on the findings made during the study.
ZUM EINSATZ DER STUDY PAGES IN EINEM ZWEISPRACHIGEN WÖRTERBUCH IM DAF-UNTERRICHT
Authors: Szczęk Joanna
Published: November 2016

Auf Grund der Analyse der Wörterbuchnutzung im DaF-Unterricht an polnischen Schulen wird die These aufgestellt, dass der Wörterbucharbeit im Unterricht nicht viel Zeit gewidmet wird. Die elektronischen Medien verdrängen langsam die „Papierwörterbücher“, was dazu führt, dass viele Schüler und Studenten nicht wissen, wie man sich eines Wörterbuchs richtig bedient. In diesem Kontext scheint das Angebot an Übungen für die Arbeit mit einem zweisprachigen Wörterbuch für den DaF-Unterricht von Belang zu sein. Am Beispiel konkreter Übungen wird in dem vorliegenden Beitrag gezeigt, wie man Schüler, Studenten zur Benutzung eines Wörterbuchs anregen und ihnen beibringen kann, das jeweilige zweisprachige Wörterbuch richtig zu nutzen.
ЗАВИСНА РЕЧЕНИЦА ИЗ УГЛА ИНТЕГРАЛНОГ ПРИСТУПА
Authors: Којић Мирјана Н.
Published: November 2016

У раду су представљене зависне реченице из угла интегралног приступа, тако што се прави паралела према традиционалној анализи комуникативне реченице, као и саме зависне реченице у оквиру више синтаксичке јединице. Анализа зависних реченица извршена је на основу одговора ученика Филолошке гимназије, а статистички приказ представља илустрацију нивоа знања и ученичких постигнућа у оквиру ове области.
АПАРАТУРА ИНДИВИДУАЛИЗАЦИЈЕ У УЏБЕНИЦИМА РУСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА ОРБИТА И РОДНИЧОК И ОСТАЛИМ ЕЛЕМЕНТИМА НАВЕДЕНИХ УЏБЕНИЧКИХ КОМПЛЕТА
Authors: Брајковић Наталија Ј.
Published: November 2016

У датом раду извршили смо дескрипцију и анализу осам уџбеника руског језика (укључујући пратеће уџбеничке компоненте анализираних уџбеничких структура) из уџбеничких комплета Орбита и Родничок који су (осим уџбеничких корпуса Давайте дружить! и Диалог) у употреби у основним школама Црне Горе и Србије у посљедњих двадесет година. Циљ овог рада превасходно се огледа у сагледавању неких релевантних, корисних и ваљаних сегмената, чијим тумачењем и анализом бисмо понудили адекватан приступ осмишљавању, конципирању и реализацији уџбеника страних језика. Наше интенције огледају се и у настојању да датим радом учинимо што реал није и компетентније тумачење принципа индивидуализације и диференцијације градива уграђених у анализиране школске књиге, да истакнемо бројне резултате истраживања апаратуре индивидуализације до којих смо дошли на основу валоризације наведених уџбеничких корпуса, као и да понудимо низ рјешења која обезбјеђују постизање разноврсних стратегија и нивоа индивидуализације.
MEĐUJEZIČKI UTICAJ U USVAJANJU ENGLESKOG JEZIKA
Authors: Jajić Novogradec Marina V.
Published: November 2016

Usled uvođenja obavezne ili izborne nastave dva ili više stranih jezika u škole, razvilo se i zanimanje za međujezičko istraživanje višejezičnih učenika. Cilj ovog rada je da istraži ovaj međujezički fenomen u školskom kontekstu usmeravajući se na višejezične učenike engleskog jezika kao trećeg jezika. U prvom delu rad se bavi važnim aspektima međujezičkog uticaja na usvajanje trećeg jezika. Bavimo se, takođe, bavimo ranijim istraživanjima međujezičkog uticaja na usvajanje trećeg jezika i faktorima koji se u tim istraživanjima ispituju. U drugom delu dajemo pregled istraživanja koje je sprovedeno za potrebe ovog rada na uzorku od 16 učenika srednje škole tokom dva pismena zadatka na engleskom jeziku, gde opisujemo frekvenciju, tip i smer međujezičkih uticaja u usvajanju engleskog jezika.
KRITIČKA TEORIJA I ELEKTRONIČKO OBRAZOVANJE
Authors: Ćirić Josip T. , Brala-Mudrovčić Jasminka J.
Published: November 2016

U visokom obrazovanju u Republici Hrvatskoj postoji vidljiv trend povećane uporabe e-obrazovanja i sve pozitivnijeg stava o njemu. U ovom članku želimo ispitati koliko studenti razumiju neka meta-teorijska pitanja u e-učenju poput pozitivističkog, postmodernističkog i kritičkog metodološkog pristupa. Nadalje, želimo ispitati njihov stav prema glavnim pristupima uporabe edukacijskih tehnologija. Namjera nam je provjeriti što očekuju od novih tehnologija u obrazovnom procesu, kako procjenjuju vlastito poznavanje i sklonosti k primjeni, razinu svjesnosti o potencijalima i granicama novih tehnologija, te primjenjivost za studente s invaliditetom. Nadalje, želimo provjeriti postoji li mjesto strahu i provjeriti moguće facete otpora prema tim tehnologijama. S obzirom na širinu primjene e-obrazovanja, istraživanje je ograničeno na podučavanje hrvatskog jezika i fi lozofi je.
ПОЛИТИЧКО-ИДЕОЛОШКИ АСПЕКАТ ИНТЕРКУЛТУРАЛНОСТИ У ПОСЛЕРАТНОЈ НАСТАВИ ФРАНЦУСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА У СРБИЈИ (1945–1953)
Authors: Стикић Биљана J.
Published: November 2016

У циљу добијања само основних информација о датој теми, у раду се приказује и анализира садржај средњошколских наставних програма, као и садржај два изабрана уџбеника француског језика који су објављени у Београду непосредно након Другог светског рата. Анализа се врши са аспекта заступљености интеркултурних компоненти политичко-идеолошког карактера као одраза принципа и вредности пропагираних у тадашњој Србији која је била у саставу југословенске федерације. Наставни програми, те тако и уџбеници, увели су и јасно позиционирали ове вредности у односу на француско друштво. Бројни текстови у форми лекција, углавном изабрани као одломци из дела најпознатијих француских књижевника, били су стављени у функцију експлицитног и имплицитног подржавања приципа југословенског социјализма. Због чињенице да је таква друштвено-политичка стварност, уз игнорисање чињеница о савременом француском капиталистичком друштву и периода монархије, транспонована преко текстова идеолошки прихватљивих периода и догађаја из раније историје Француске, интеркултуралност је, у извесној мери, имала карактеристике идеолошке ретроградне темпоралне транспозиције.
СТАВОВИ УЧЕНИКА ПРЕМА ИЗВОРНОСТИ У НАСТАВИ ЕНГЛЕСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА
Authors: Стојановић Тијана М.
Published: November 2016

Услед глобалних друштвеноекономских промена, енглески језик се издваја од осталих језика по свом статусу интернационалног језика или lingua franca, односно језика који се користи у комуникацији припадника различитих језичко-културних заједница. Због ове улоге, поставља се питање на чему треба инсистирати у настави енглеског као страног језика: на поштовању норми стандардног енглеског језика и приближавању ученика изворном говорнику, или на припремању ученика да користе енглески језик као lingua franca, језик који користе неизворни говорници енглеског језика у комуникацији са другим неизворним говорницима. Предмет овог рада представља истраживање које је спроведено са циљем испитивања ставова ученика средњих стручних школа према изворности у настави енглеског језика. Рад нуди детаљан опис методологије истраживања, начина обраде података добијених употребом упитника и добијених резултата, као и предлоге за будућа истраживања.
New Micromechanical Model for Predicting Biaxial Tensile Moduli of Plain Weave Fabric Composites
Authors: Bai Jiangbo , Xiong Junjiang , Wang Qiang
Published: November 2016

This paper addresses a new micromechanical model to predict biaxial tensile moduli of plain weave fabric (PWF) composites by considering the interaction between the orthogonal interlacing strands. The two orthogonal yarns in micromechanical unit cell (UC) were idealized as the curved beams with a path depicted by using sinusoidal shape functions. The biaxial tensile moduli of PWF composites were derived by means of the minimum total complementary potential energy principle founded on micromechanics. The biaxial tensile tests were respectively conducted on the RTM-made EW220/5284 PWF composites at five biaxial loading ratios of 0, 1, 2, 3 and ∞ to validate the new model. The predictions from the new model were compared with experimental data and good correlation was achieved between the predictions and actual experiments, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed model. Using the new model, the biaxial tensile moduli of plain weave fabric (PWF) composites could be predicted based only on the properties of basic woven fabric.
Tuneable Photonic Fiber Bragg Grating for Magnetic Field Sensor
Authors: Al-Thahapy Farah S. , Al-Dergazly Anwaar A.
Published: November 2016

In this project, four of fibers Bragg gratings were fabricated by injecting different volumes of liquids (star line Glass Mechanix optical adhesive material, olive oil diluted with ethanol) into the hollow core fiber. The amplitude splitting interferometric technique with a high resolution specially designed translation stage was used for the fabrication process. The fabrication was done using ultraviolet laser operated at wavelength 405nm. The fabricated Bragg length of the four fibers is equal to 3.8 cm. The results presented fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with successful fabrication at 653.3 nm Bragg reflected wavelength.
Remote Sensing for Crop Water Management: from Experiments to User-Driven Services
Authors: Calera Alfonso , Campos Isidro , Osann Anna , D´Urso Guido , Menenti Massimo
Published: November 2016

The experiences gathered during the past 30 years support the operational use of irrigation scheduling based on frequent multi-spectral image data. Currently, the operational use of dense time series of multispectral imagery at high spatial resolution makes monitoring of crop biophysical parameters feasible, capturing crop water use across the growing season, with suitable temporal and spatial resolutions. These achievements, and the availability of accurate forecasting of meteorological data, allow for precise predictions of crop water requirements with unprecedented spatial resolution. This information is greatly appreciated by the end users, i.e. professional farmers or decision-makers, and can be provided in an easy-to-use manner and in near-real-time by using the improvements achieved in web-GIS methodologies. This paper reviews the most operational and explored methods based on optical remote sensing for the assessment of crop water requirements, identifying strengths and weaknesses and proposing alternatives to advance towards full operational application of this methodology. In addition, we provide a general overview of the tools which facilitates co-creation and collaboration with stakeholders, paying special attention to these approaches based on web-GIS tools.
Hydrodynamic Interaction of Ocean Wave Energy Point Absorbers
Authors: Banos Hernandez Lorenzo , Emperador Alzola Jose Maria
Published: November 2016

This work condenses various modeling techniques for different Point Absorber configurations. A combined frequency - time domain model will be developed in Matlab-FORTRAN in order to compute the displacement, velocities and the power absorbed in the heave mode. Additionally, a single buoy motion including multiple degrees of freedom will be investigated as well. Therefore, the diffraction-radiation Boundary Element Method solvers NEMOH and BEMIO will be applied in the calculation of the hydrodynamic coefficients, which will determine the solution of Newtons impulse equations of motion. Initially, the Wave to wire model will be validated through comparison with previous experimental results for a submerged cone cylinder shape (Buldra-FO3). A single, generic, vertical floating cylinder will be contemplated then, that responds to the action of the passing waves excitation. Later, two vertical floating cylinders aligned with the incident wave direction will be modeled for a variable distance between the bodies. For both unidirectional regular and irregular waves as an input in deep water, the convolutive radiation force function term will be hereby approximated through the Prony method. By changing the spatial disposition of the axisymmetric buoys, using for instance triangular or diamond shaped arrays of three and four bodies respectively, the study will focus on the interaction effects for regular waves. The results will highlight the most efficient layout for maximizing the energy production whilst providing important insights into their performance, revealing for instance displacement amplification or capture width ratios in near-resonance conditions.
Mengenal Rancang Bangun Program Keluarga Harapan Kesehatan
Authors: Hidayat Budi
Published: November 2016

Pemerintah Indonesia sedang melakukan uji coba program bantuan tunai bersyarat (BTB), yakni Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). Program ini memberikan bantuan tunai kepada rumah tangga miskin dengan mensyaratkan mereka melakukan investasi sumber daya manusia. Pelaksanaan BTB di berbagai negara selalu diikuti upaya sistematis untuk mengukur efektivitas dan memahami dampak yang lebih luas dari program pada perilaku rumah tangga. Artikel ini menyajikan bukti nyata bahwa BTB telah meningkatkan kehidupan penduduk miskin. BTB dipuji sebagai cara untuk mengurangi kesenjangan terutama di sejumlah negara Amerika Latin; membantu rumah tangga keluar dari lingkaran setan kemiskinan yang ditularkan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya; meningkatkan status kesehatan dan gizi anak, serta membantu negara memenuhi tujuan-tujuan pembangunan millenium. Artikel ini juga mengupas lebih dalam mengenai rancang bangun PKH, termasuk alasan-alasan pengembangan PKH kesehatan serta proses penetapan persyaratan kesehatan.Kata kunci: Program keluarga harapan, bantuan tunai bersyaratAbstractThe Government of Indonesia is testing a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program, e.g., Family Hope Program. This program provides money to poor households conditional on investments in human capital. CCTs implementation in various countries has been followed by systematic efforts to measure their effectiveness and understand their broader impact on households’ behavior. The article shows empirical evidence that CCTs have improved the lives of poor people.CCTs have been hailed as a way of reducing inequality, especially in Latin America countries; helping households break out of a vicious cycle whereby poverty is transmitted from one generation to another; promoting child health and nutrition; and helping countries meet the Millennium Development Goals. This article explores more deeply on the design of the Indonesian CCT program, including the reasons for the development of CCT health and health conditionalitiesdetermination process. Key words: Family hope program, conditional cash transfer
Konsumsi Makanan dan Kejadian Anemia pada Siswi Salah Satu SMP di Kota Makassar
Authors: Syatriani Sri , Aryani Astrina
Published: November 2016

Anemia dikalangan remaja masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting akibat pertumbuhan remaja sangat pesat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi protein, zat besi, vitamin B12, dan vitamin C dengan kejadian anemia pada siswi salah satu SMP di Makassar. Penelitian ini dengan disain studi cross sectional. Sampel adalah siswi kelas I dan II yang dipilih secara purposive sampling sebanyak 50 orang. Pengumpulan data konsumsi makanan dengan formulir recall 24 jam dan pengukuran kadar Hb dengan alat hemocue. Hasil penelitian dengan analisis chi-square diperoleh ada hubungan antara konsumsi protein (p=0,000), konsumsi zat besi (p=0,002), konsumsi vitamin B 12 (p=0,044), dan konsumsi vitamin C (p=0,006) dengan kejadian anemia. Untuk itu, disarankan para siswi meningkatkan konsumsi makanan sumber protein terutama protein hewani, zat besi, vitamin B12, dan vitaminC serta mengatur pola makan. Kata kunci: Anemia, konsumsi nutrisi, remajaAbstractAnemia is a public health problem which is still higher prevalence in teenagers because during this period in very rapid growth. This study aims to determine the relationship of several factors such as consumption of protein, iron, vitamin B12, and vitamin C with the incidence of anemia in junior high school students in Makassar. The study was cross sectional study. Sample are first and second grade students who are selected by purposive sampling is 50 people. Food consumption data collection was performed with 24 hour recall form and measurement of Hb by using hemocue. The result with chi-square analysis found that there is relationship between protein consumption (p=0,000), consumption of iron (p=0,002), intake of vitamin B12 (p =0,044), and consumption of vitamin C (p=0,006) with the incidence of anemia. It is suggested that the student increase the consumption of food from protein, especially animal protein, iron, vitamin B12, and vitamin C as well as regulate diet.Key word: anemia, nutnition consumption, teeneger.
Memória organizacional e construção de identidade: uma análise da mobilização e organização social no Conjunto Palmeira
Authors: Correia-Lima Bruno Chaves , Rigo Ariadne Scalfoni , Santos Maria Elisabete Pereira dos
Published: November 2016

Este trabalho objetiva analisar como a memória organizacional vem sendo resgatada e favorecendo a construção da identidade do Conjunto Palmeira, bairro situado na periferia de Fortaleza, Ceará, caracterizado por uma história identitária de mobilização social e economia solidária. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, documental e de campo em que foram analisados 53 documentos da memória de três organizações sociais partícipes da história local: associação do bairro, Banco Palmas e Instituto Palmas. Ademais foram realizadas três entrevistas com representantes das organizações sociais e da fundação municipal de assistência social. Os resultados indicaram que os mecanismos de memória organizacional se relacionam com processos contínuos de aprendizagem e de construção da identidade local. A memória das organizações sociais se configurou como registro de lutas por direitos sociais e por geração de renda, e como meio que serve à mobilização comunitária, à socioeducação de valores e comportamentos baseados na economia solidária.
Using Relative Humidity Indicator Paper to Measure Seed and Commodity Moisture Contents
Authors: Bradford Kent J. , Dahal Peetambar , Bello Pedro
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

Low seed and commodity moisture contents are critical for safe storage.

Equipment for measuring moisture content is often unavailable in rural locations.

Commodity moisture content and equilibrium relative humidity are uniquely related.

Relative humidity can be measured easily using electronic meters or indicator paper.

Commodity moisture content can be conveniently measured using such indicator strips.

Declines of seed viability in storage and losses of stored commodities due to fungal spoilage and insect pests are promoted by high moisture content. However, measuring seed or grain moisture content in the field can be difficult, particularly in rural locations in developing countries. Because seed/commodity moisture content is uniquely related to equilibrium relative humidity at a given temperature, moisture content can be estimated by measuring the relative humidity of a sample enclosed in a sealed container. Relative humidity can be measured using electronic meters, or even more inexpensively using indicator paper that changes color in response to relative humidity. We describe this method and provide a spreadsheet to convert relative humidity to moisture content for many common seeds and commodities. This simple method can be used in the field for quickly estimating seed or commodity moisture content to determine whether further drying is needed or is suitable for storage, milling or other uses.
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Field Crop Diversity in the United States, 1870–2012
Authors: Hijmans Robert J. , Choe Hyeyeong , Perlman Joshua
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

Field crop diversity in the US peaked between 1940 and 1960.

Current levels of field crop diversity are similar to what they were in 1900.

Field crop diversity in the Midwest has been very low throughout the past 142 years.

Describing spatiotemporal patterns of agricultural biodiversity may be an important step toward better understanding its effect on agroecosystem services. We describe species‐level field crop diversity at the national and state level for the United States, using annual survey data for a 142‐yr period. National‐level field crop diversity was very low around 1870 and peaked around 1960, after which time it began to decline. Many states had their highest levels of diversity between 1940 and 1960, but trends varied strongly among states. In 1900, the states with highest diversity were in the Northeast, but in 2012 the highest diversity was found in California, North Dakota, and the southeastern states. Diversity in the central US Corn Belt was very low throughout the 142‐yr period studied. These results show that changes in diversity do not necessarily follow a simple continuous decline when moving from “traditional” to “industrial” agriculture.
MSMA: Knowledge Gaps to Aid Appropriate Regulation of an Efficacious Herbicide
Authors: Gannon Travis W. , Polizzotto Matthew L.
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

MSMA is an arsenic‐based herbicide currently registered in cotton and turfgrass.

Will continued MSMA use threaten human and environmental health?

Discrepancies about environmental fate exist among field and laboratory research.

Factors that influence As species transformation should be further elucidated.

Management plans should be devised where MSMA is used.

Monosodium methyl arsenate (MSMA) is an efficacious postemergence herbicide commonly used in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and turfgrass systems. Concerns have arisen about potential adverse effects of MSMA‐derived arsenic on human and environmental health. The USEPA enacted a phase‐out of MSMA and other organic arsenical pesticides in 2006, although subsequent agreements allow for its continued use until a review is complete in 2019. Additional research is needed to further characterize MSMA environmental fate and species transformation kinetics in cotton and turfgrass systems of varying edaphic conditions, as there are current knowledge gaps and discrepancies in previous reports. Improved understanding of MSMA environmental fate under real‐case conditions will allow regulatory agencies to devise appropriate regulations and management plans to ensure environmental and human health are protected.
Declining Atmospheric Sulfate Deposition in an Agricultural Watershed in Central Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Elkin Kyle R. , Veith Tamie L. , Lu Haiming , Goslee Sarah C. , Buda Anthony R. , Collick Amy S. , Folmar Gordon J. , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Bryant Ray B.
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

Sulfate concentrations in an agriculturally dominated watershed respond to atmospheric deposition inputs.

Rough budget estimates in the watershed suggest a depletion of the sulfur pool.

Agricultural practices do not seem to mask effects of atmospheric deposition.

Sulfur emissions in the northeastern United States are only 20% of levels measured in 1987 due to the enactment of the US federal Clean Air Act. While there are numerous reports of forested ecosystems recovering from acidification as a result of the decline in sulfur deposition, few studies describe such recovery in agricultural watersheds. We used long‐term (30+ yr) atmospheric and watershed data from a USDA experimental watershed to investigate whether daily agricultural practices masked the declining sulfur (as sulfate‐sulfur) trends seen in mainly forested watersheds. Over the study period, atmospheric wet deposition of sulfate‐sulfur decreased 75% while sulfate‐sulfur at the watershed decreased by approximately 30%. While the deposition of sulfur is detrimental to stream quality, the reduction of sulfur deposition in recent years has caused many soils in the watershed to develop sulfur deficiencies. Long‐term declines in watershed sulfur export reveal emerging concerns about reducing atmospheric sulfur levels.
An Animal Model of Human Gambling
Authors: Zentall Thomas R.
Published: November 2016

Human gambling generally involves taking a risk on a low probability high outcome alternative over the more economically optimal high probability low outcome alternative (not gambling). Surprisingly, although optimal foraging theory suggests that animals should be sensitive to the overall probability of reinforcement, the results of many experiments suggest otherwise. For example, they do not prefer an alternative that 100% of the time provides them with a stimulus that always predicts reinforcement over an alternative that provides them with a stimulus that predicts reinforcement 50% of the time. This line of research leads to the conclusion that preference depends on the predictive value of the stimulus that follows and surprisingly, not on its frequency. A similar mechanism likely accounts for the suboptimal choice that humans have to engage in commercial gambling.
Do chimpanzees like alcohol?
Authors: Thomsen Ruth Maria , Zschoke Anja
Published: November 2016

In the last common ancestor of modern humans and the three living African ape species a genetic mutation occurred that increased the rate that alcohol was metabolized. This fact initially supports the "drunken monkey hypothesis" which states that natural selection should have favoured individuals that routinely incorporated alcohol- and thus energy-rich fruits into their diet. However, random observations from apes living in the wild do not provide evidence for such kind of choosey feeding behaviours. To investigate whether or not the living great apes have evolved a preference of alcohol-rich fruits over normal ripe fruits we performed a bioassay with captive chimpanzees offering them apple puree with and without rum flavour. Initially, the chimpanzees were curious about the alcohol-flavoured apple puree and feed on it when it was presented to them for the very first time. Once tasted, however, they lost interest in it indicating that chimpanzees are able to perceive, but do not prefer alcohol-rich fruits more than non-alcoholic fruits. Thus, we think that for our hominoid ancestors from the late Miocene the possibility to consume alcohol-rich fruits was helpful to survive periods of food scarcity, but did not lead to a genetic predisposition for alcohol.
Sex difference in choice of concealed or exposed refuge sites by preschool children viewing a model leopard in a playground simulation of antipredator behavior
Authors: Coss Richard G.
Published: November 2016

The current study of preschool children characterizes a semi-natural extension of experimental questions on how human ancestors evaded predation when encountering dangerous felids.  In a pretend game on a playground, we presented full-size leopard and deer models to children (N = 39) in a repeated-measures experimental design.  Prior to viewing the model presented 15-m away, each child was instructed by the experimenter to go where she or he would feel safe.  The rationale for this study was based on the anthropological construct of “sexual dinichism,” positing that, during the Pliocene, smaller-bodied hominin females engaged in more arboreal behavior than larger-bodied males. Consistent with this construct, our previous simulation research using images of an African rock outcrop showed that, after viewing a lion, girls preferred a tree as refuge rather than a crevice or large boulder whereas boys did not differentiate these refuge sites.  In this follow-up study, we predicted that, after viewing the model leopard, the preschool girls would differ from the boys by not choosing enclosed refuge sites analogous to the crevice.  Analyses of a contingency table for the leopard model supported this hypothesis by yielding a significant interaction of sex and refuge location (p = .031, d = .76), the source of which was a reliably larger percentage of girls not choosing concealed refuge (p = .005, d = 2.3).  The interaction of sex and refuge location for the model deer was not significant (p > .5).  Our findings suggest that, in contrast to the deer, the girls selected exposed playground refuge sites rather than concealing ones to maintain visual contact with the leopard as a contingency for future action.
Social context modulates food hoarding in Syrian hamsters
Authors: Montoya Bibiana , Gutiérrez Germán
Published: November 2016

The effect of the presence of a con-specific in the temporal organization of food hoarding was studied in two varieties of Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): golden and long-haired. Four male hamsters of each variety were used. Their foraging behavior was observed during four individual and four shared trials in which animals were not competing for the same food source or territory. During individual trials, long-haired hamsters consumed food items directly from the food source, transporting and hoarding only remaining pieces. During shared trials, the long-haired variety hoarded food items before consumption, and increased the duration of hoarding trips, food handling in the storage, and cache size. Golden hamsters maintained the same temporal organization of hoarding behavior (i.e., hoarding food items before consumption) throughout both individual and shared trials. However, the golden variety increased handling time at the food source and decreased the duration of hoarding trips, the latency of hoarding and storing size throughout the shared trials. In Syrian hamsters, the presence of a con-specific may signal high probability of food source depletion suggesting that social pressures over food availability might facilitate hoarding behavior. Further studies are required to evaluate cost-benefit balance of food hoarding and the role of cache pilferage in this species.
The effects of input materials on ceramic water filter efficacy for household drinking water treatment
Authors: Rayner Justine , Luo Xia , Schubert Jesse , Lennon Pat , Jellison Kristen , Lantagne Daniele
Published: November 2016

Locally manufactured ceramic filters can improve drinking water quality and reduce diarrheal disease burden in developing countries; however, production methods and quality control protocols vary at the >50 factories. We manufactured filter disks with varied clay, burn-out material, burn-out material sieved with different mesh sizes, and burn-out material to clay ratios and calculated filter characteristics, including porosity, density, shrinkage, and flow rate. Water was run through filters daily for 4 weeks, and flow rate and Escherichia coli reduction, as measured by log reduction value (LRV), were tested twice weekly. Our results suggest: (1) the first and last LRV test results do not correlate strongly (R2 = 0.38, p < 0.010); (2) there is not a strong association between flow rate and first, average, or last LRV results (R2 = 0.17, p = 0.090; R2 = 0.30, p = 0.020; R2 = 0.24, p = 0.040); and (3) first and average LRV are associated with burn-out material (R2 = 0.68, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.60, p < 0.001), and last LRV is associated with burn-out material and mesh size (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.050). Recommendations for filter factories, are to: (1) verify filtration efficacy with repeated bacteria reduction tests when materials, processing, or filter characteristics vary; (2) carefully control production variables; and (3) continue flow rate testing each filter to evaluate within and across batch production consistency.
The Role of Occlusion in the Dental Implant and Peri-implant Condition: A Review
Authors: Graves Carmen V. , Harrel Steve K. , Rossmann Jeffrey A. , Kerns David , Gonzalez Jorge A. , Kontogiorgos Elias D. , Al-Hashimi Ibtisam , Abraham Celeste
Published: November 2016

Dental implants have become a widely used dental treatment approach. It is important to identify factors that can be detrimental to dental implants and the peri-implant complex. There is controversy regarding whether occlusion plays a role in the implant and peri-implant condition. The present study aims to review the scientific literature regarding this topic. Animal and human studies, and previous reviews on the topic are included and presented. There is a wide heterogeneity among study designs. Several articles demonstrated that occlusion and occlusion overload could detrimentally affect the peri-implant condition, while other articles did not support these results. More studies are needed to help understand the mechanisms by which occlusion might play a role in the peri-implant condition.
Relief of Lower Back and Leg Pain after Myelography
Authors: Guo Rui , Sakakibara Toshihiko , Mizuno Tetsutaro , Akeda Koji , Kondo Tetsushi , Kasai Yuichi
Published: November 2016

Introduction:

It is well-known that many patients will have adverse reactions such as headache and nausea after undergoing myelography, but we have often seen cases where symptoms such as lower back pain and leg pain were alleviated following myelography. To the best of our knowledge, such clinical cases of post-myelographic alleviation have not been reported.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 325 patients with a degenerative lumbar spinal disorder who underwent myelography were prospectively investigated at four hospitals from April 2012 to March 2014 to survey the post-myelographic alleviation of lower back and leg pain prospectively. The severities of lower back pain, leg pain and numbness of the lower extremities were evaluated and intermittent claudication distance was measured before myelography. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and myelographic findings were also evaluated for the patients that their symptoms were improved.

Results:

Thirty-five of 325 cases (10.8%) of these patients had their symptoms alleviated after undergoing myelography; 26 cases of lower back pain, two cases of leg pain, two cases of numbness of the lower extremity, and five cases of intermittent claudication.

Conclusion:

In the patients of a degenerative lumbar spinal disorder, about 10% cases with lower back pain or intermittent claudication had post-myelographic alleviation. Intradural injection therapy might be a therapeutic method to alleviate these symptoms.
Модуляция межподзонного поглощения света и межзонной фотолюминесценции в двойных квантовых ямах GaAs/AlGaAs в сильных продольных электрических полях
Authors: Балагула Р.М. , Винниченко М.Я. , Махов И.C. , Фирсов Д.А. , Воробьев Л.Е.
Published: November 2016

Представлены результаты исследования влияния продольного электрического поля на спектры поглощения излучения среднего инфракрасного диапазона и на спектры межзонной фотолюминесценции в двойных туннельно-связанных квантовых ямах GaAs/AlGaAs. Полученные результаты объясняются перераспределением горячих электронов между ямами и изменением объемного заряда в структуре. Из анализа спектров модуляции межподзонного поглощения света и межзонной фотолюминесценции в сильных продольных электрических полях определена температура горячих носителей заряда.
Cтимулированное излучение в гетероструктурах с двойными квантовыми ямами InGaAs/GaAsSb/GaAs, выращенных на подложках GaAs и Ge/Si(001)
Authors: Яблонский А.Н. , Морозов С.В. , Гапонова Д.М. , Алешкин В.Я. , Шенгуров В.Г. , Звонков Б.Н. , Вихрова О.В. , Байдусь Н.В. , Красильник З.Ф.
Published: November 2016

Сообщается о наблюдении стимулированного излучения в структурах с двойными квантовыми ямами InGaAs/GaAsSb/GaAs, выращенных на подложке Si(001) с использованием релаксированного Ge-буфера. Стимулированное излучение наблюдалось при температуре 77 K на длине волны 1.11 мкм, т. е. в области прозрачности объемного Si. В аналогичных гетероструктурах, выращенных на подложке GaAs, стимулированное излучение наблюдалось при комнатной температуре на длине волны 1.17 мкм, что открывает перспективы интеграции таких структур в кремниевую оптоэлектронику.
Кристаллическая структура и термоэлектрические свойства тонких слоев MnSi-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-
Authors: Ерофеева И.В. , Дорохин М.В. , Лесников В.П. , Здоровейщев А.В. , Кудрин А.В. , Павлов Д.А. , Усов Ю.В.
Published: November 2016

Методом импульсного лазерного осаждения получены тонкие (25 нм) пленки Si1-xMnx на Si(100). По данным высокоразрешающей просвечивающей электронной микроскопии, пленки представляют собой нанотекстурированный кристалл химически однородного состава. Исследованы температурные зависимости удельного сопротивления и термоэдс в интервале 300-500 K, рассчитана температурная зависимость коэффициента Зеебека и фактора мощности.
Динамическая генерация спин-волнового тока в гибридных структурах
Authors: Ляпилин И.И. , Окороков М.С.
Published: November 2016

Методом неравновесного статистического оператора исследован спиновый транспорт поперек интерфейса в гибридной структуре полупроводник/ферромагнитный диэлектрик в условиях спинового эффекта Зеебека. Рассмотрено приближение эффективных параметров, когда каждая из рассматриваемых подсистем (электроны проводимости, магноны, фононы) характеризуется своей эффективной температурой. Рассмотрено влияние резонансного (электродипольного) возбуждения спиновой подсистемы электронов проводимости на возбуждение спин-волнового тока в диэлектрике. Построены макроскопические уравнения, описывающие спин-волновой ток, обусловленный как резонансным возбуждением спиновой системы электронов проводимости, так и наличием неоднородного температурного поля в ферромагнитном диэлектрике, учитывающие как резонансно-диффузионный характер распространения магнонов, так и процессы их релаксации. Показано, что в рассматриваемых условиях возбуждение спин-волнового тока также имеет резонансный характер.
Исследование поперечного скола структур методом комбинационного рассеяния света
Authors: Планкина С.М. , Вихрова О.В. , Данилов Ю.А. , Звонков Б.Н. , Коннова Н.Ю. , Нежданов А.В. , Пашенькин И.Ю.
Published: November 2016

Методом сканирующей конфокальной спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния света исследована кристаллическая структура GaAs, облученного ионами Mn+ с последующим импульсным лазерным отжигом. Сканирование поперечного скола образцов показало, что в результате лазерного отжига она полностью восстанавливается на всю глубину имплантации. Обнаружено рассеяние на связанной фонон-плазмонной моде, свидетельствующее об электрической активации примеси при дозах марганца выше 1·1016 см-2. На примере данных исследований продемонстрированы возможности метода сканирующей конфокальной спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния света при исследовании поперечного скола структур, а на тестовом образце c delta-слоем углерода установлено, что латеральное разрешение метода составляет 300 нм.
Микроволновой фотонный детектор
Authors: Ильичев Е.В.
Published: November 2016

Обсуждается возможность реализации однофотонного детектора в микроволновом диапазоне. Показано, что для этих целей можно использовать нешунтированный джозефсоновский переход, который переключается из сверхпроводящего состояния в состояние с конечным напряжением при наличии внешнего сигнала. Чувствительность такого детектора определяется распределением переключений при отсутствии внешнего сигнала. В работе продемонстрирован джозефсоновский переход с шумовой температуре ниже 60 mK при номинальной внешней температуре 10 mK. Кроме того предложен, рассчитан и изготовлен конкретный детектор для измерения внешних СВЧ сигналов. Приводятся первые экспериментальные результаты. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда в рамках проекта N 16-19-10069.
Селективные измерения состояний сверхпроводникового кубита нелинейным джозефсоновским осциллятором
Authors: Гергель В.П. , Денисенко М.В. , Линёв А.В. , Сатанин А.М.
Published: November 2016

Изучается процесс селективных измерений состояний единичной квантовой системы --- джозефсоновского кубита --- нелинейным осциллятором, работающим в мезоскопическом режиме, когда число квантов в процессе измерения варьируется от нескольких десятков до нескольких сотен. Квантовым методом Монте-Карло промоделированы диссипативная динамика системы кубит-осциллятор и процесс измерений состояний кубита по изменению числа квантов осциллятора. Показано, что для pi-импульсов записи состояний кубита возможно дискриминирование состояний в единичных реализациях (аналог "однократных" измерений), а для приготовленного суперпозиционного состояния --- проведение статистических проективных измерений. Работа поддержана проектами РФФИ N 16-57-51045 НИФ а и 16-07-01012 а и стипендией Президента РФ для молодых ученых и аспирантов, осуществляющих перспективные научные исследования и разработки по приоритетным направлениям модернизации российской экономики в 2016-2018 г.
Люминесцентные свойства монокристаллов алмаза пирамидальной формы
Authors: Алексеев А.М. , Туякова Ф.Т. , Образцова Е.А. , Коростылёв Е.В. , Клинов Д.В. , Прусаков К.А. , Малыхин С.А. , Исмагилов Р.Р. , Образцов А.Н.
Published: November 2016

Проведено исследование люминесцентных свойств иглоподобных кристаллов алмаза, полученных путем селективного окисления текстурированных поликристаллических алмазных пленок. Алмазные пленки выращены методом химического газофазного осаждения из метан-водородной смеси, активированной разрядом постоянного тока. Для отдельных иглоподобных кристаллов получены спектры фото- и катодолюминесценции, а также пространственное распределение интенсивности излучения на различных длинах волн. На основании полученных спектральных характеристик сделаны выводы о наличии в их структуре оптически активных дефектов, содержащих примеси азота и кремния, а также о существенном влиянии структурных дефектов на спектры люминесценции. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект N 14-12-00511) и Программы поддержки молодых ученых Президента РФ (грант МК-6201.2014.2).
Индуцированный магнитным полем ориентационный переход в геликоидальном жидкокристаллическом антиферромагнетике
Authors: Захлевных А.Н. , Кузнецова К.В.
Published: November 2016

Теоретически изучен индуцированный магнитным полем ориентационный переход в геликоидальных жидкокристаллических антиферромагнетиках --- компенсированных суспензиях магнитных наночастиц в холестерических жидких кристаллах. Исследовано раскручивание спиральной структуры и поведение средней намагниченности как функций напряженности поля и материальных параметров. Показано, что в раскрученной полем ферронематической фазе магнитные подсистемы не полностью компенсированы, и ферронематическая фаза является ферримагнитной. Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (грант 16-42-590539).