bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI KETIDAKSANTUNAN POSITIF DALAM ACARA TALKSHOW BROWNIS TRANS TV
Authors: Asmoroningtyas Bias
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi ketidaksantunan positif dalam acara talkshow Brownis Trans TV. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah pendekatan pragmatik. Data penelitian ini berupa tuturan pembawa acara dan bintang tamu yang mengandung strategi ketidaksantunan positif dalam acara talkshow Brownis Trans TV. Sumber data penelitian berasal dari dua belas video acara talkshow Brownis Trans TV yang ditayangkan pada bulan Agustus 2019. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode simak dengan teknik unduh. Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis kontekstual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh substrategi dari strategi ketidaksantunan positif yang ditemukan dalam acara talkshow Brownis Trans TV, yaitu (i) mengabaikan orang lain, (ii) mengecualikan, (iii) menunjukkan rasa ketidaktertarikan, (iv) menggunakan penanda identitas yang tidak tepat, (v) memilih topik sensitif, (vi) penggunaan umpatan/kata-kata kasar, dan (vii) sumpah serapah. Substrategi yang paling sering diterapkan dalam acara talkshow Brownis Trans TV ialah substrategi mengabaikan orang lain. Hubungan sosial antara penutur dan mitra tutur yang akrab menjadi faktor yang dominan memengaruhi munculnya strategi ketidaksantunan positif.
RESPONS TERHADAP KETIDAKSANTUNAN DALAM FILM THE RAID DAN THE RAID 2: BERANDAL KARYA GARETH EVANS
Authors: Putri Jemima Jannah Darla
Published: April 2021

Fenomena ketidaksantunan menjadi hal yang lumrah di masyarakat. Tidak hanya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, ketidaksantunan juga ditemukan dalam film. Tuturan tidak santun memiliki strategi yang diterapkan oleh penutur yakni strategi ketidaksantunan. Selain itu, terdapat pula respons terhadap ketidaksantunan yang diberikan oleh mitra tutur ketika merasakan serangan muka dari penutur. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan respons terhadap ketidaksantunan yang digunakan oleh tokoh-tokoh dalam film The Raid dan The Raid 2: Berandal karya Gareth Evans. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa tuturan yang mengandung respons terhadap ketidaksantunan dalam film The Raid dan The Raid 2: Berandal. Metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak dengan teknik unduh dan teknik catat. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode analisis kontekstual. Analisis dalam penelitan ini didasarkan pada teori ketidaksantunan Jonathan Culpeper. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons terhadap ketidaksantunan yang ditemukan meliputi empat respons, yaitu strategi ofensif-ofensif sebanyak 11 data tuturan, strategi ofensif-defensif sebanyak 28 data tuturan, menerima sebanyak 3 data tuturan, dan tidak merespons sebanyak 12 data tuturan.
ASPECTO VERBAL NAS CONSTRUÇÕES COM VERBO-SUPORTE
Authors: Picoli Larissa , Vale Oto Araújo , Laporte Eric
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir sobre o aspecto verbal nas Construções com Verbo-Suporte (CVS) e com extensões de verbo-suporte, focalizando a função semântica que os verbos podem ter quando exprimem aspecto. Para isso, analisamos a relação entre frases formadas com vários verbos-suporte e que diferem pelo aspecto. Por exemplo, as frases Zé (ganhou + está com + perdeu a) coragem indicam os aspectos incoativo, durativo e terminativo, respectivamente. Muito se discute sobre as CVS, mas o aspecto nessas construções ainda é um assunto de pouco interesse entre os pesquisadores no Brasil. Essa pesquisa está embasada no modelo teórico-metodológico do Léxico-Gramática (LG), desenvolvido por Gross (1975). O LG propõe a descrição e formalização dos itens lexicais em tábuas. Dessa forma, como resultado da descrição formal, apresentamos duas tábuas, que podem ser utilizadas no Processamento de linguagem natural (PLN), por meio de programas de computador.
ANÁLISE SEMÂNTICO-ENUNCIATIVA DE SENHORIO NO ÂMBITO DA FAMÍLIA PATRIARCAL: O NOME E A TRANSMISSÃO DE BENS
Authors: Ferraz Liliana de Almeida Nascimento , Santos Jorge Viana
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo, analisamos sentidos da palavra senhor circulantes em cartas de alforria no Brasil durante o período de 1841 a 1888 e em textos da imprensa baiana durante o período de 1870 a 1888. Procura-se responder à questão Como se caracteriza semanticamente o senhorio no âmbito da família patriarcal brasileira? Para tanto, mobilizando pressupostos da Semântica do Acontecimento, aliados a alguns princípios da História/Historiografia, analisa-se um corpus de cartas de alforria e textos da imprensa baiana do século XIX. Demonstra-se, com base nos dados, que o senhorio brasileiro apresenta sentidos específicos fundamentados não somente na relação senhor-escravo, mas também no poder do senhor exercido no âmbito da família patriarcal.
Field-Development Optimization of the In-Situ Upgrading Process Including the Ramp-Up Phase
Authors: Alpak Faruk O. , Gao Guohua
Published: April 2021

Field-development optimization and optimization at the pattern scale are crucial to maximize the value of thermal enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) projects. Application of a field net-present-value (NPV)-based pattern optimization algorithm honoring field-scale surface and subsurface constraints for in-situ-upgrading (IUP) projects has been described in the recent past. In this paper, we describe the development and application of a novel field-development-optimization capability, including the optimization of the ramp-up phase to accelerate the production to achieve a faster cash flow and high surface-facility utilization. We integrate this new capability into a robust field NPV optimization platform.

A two-stagefield-development optimization algorithm is developed in this work. First, the steady-state pattern is optimized using the field-scale pattern optimization algorithm while honoring field-scale constraints and using a combined surface and subsurface performance-indicator-driven objective function. Ramp-up pattern designs are optimized separately using a solely pattern-scaleperformance-driven objective function in this stage. A preliminary pattern-delay time optimization follows next to precondition the problem for the subsequent field-scale optimization stage. The ramp-up pattern and pattern-delay times are optimized using a constant steady-state pattern in the second step of the algorithm. An appropriately penalized field-NPV-based objective function is used in this step to enforce field-scale surface and subsurface constraints.

Optimization results on a realistic example application indicate that the time to oil-rate plateau could be significantly reduced on the order of multiple years while honoring the surface production constraints. This requires the use of an optimized ramp-up pattern in conjunction with the optimal steady-state pattern. The ramp-up pattern is approximately two patterns wide and features an increased heater density to deliver production acceleration. It is also notably more robust against the effects of subsurface uncertainties.
Effects of administration route on uptake kinetics of 18F-sodium fluoride Positron Emission Tomography in mice
Authors: Gonzalez-Galofre Zaniah N. , Alcaide-Corral Carlos J. , Tavares Adriana A. S.
Published: April 2021

18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) is a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer widely used in skeletal imaging and has also been proposed as a biomarker of active calcification in atherosclerosis. Like most PET radiotracers, 18F-NaF is typically administered intravenously. However in small animal research intravenous administrations can be challenging, because partial paravenous injection is common due to the small calibre of the superficial tail veins and repeat administrations via tail veins can lead to tissue injury therefore limiting the total number of longitudinal scanning points. This protocol allows to look at the feasibility of using intra-peritoneal route of injection of 8F-NaF to study calcification in mice by looking at the kinetic and uptake profiles of normal soft tissues and bones versus intra-vascular injections.
Orthotopic liver transplantation of pigs using porto/caval-jugular shunt for research work or off-site training of young surgeon
Authors: Kadohisa Masashi , Inomata Yukihiro , Kasamatsu Hiroo , Torai Shinji , Yoshimoto Syuhei , Kobayashi Eiji
Published: April 2021

Although the training of liver transplant procedure is highly important to young transplant surgeons, it is too hard to secure the learning opportunity, especially in the countries like Japan whose organ transplants from deceased-donors are relatively rare. In such a situation, the surgical training in large animals such as pigs seems to be helpful in improving their skills. Consequently, under the assist by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in Japan, we established a simulation work of whole liver transplantation using laboratory pigs in the context of interinstitutional frame called the Six National University Consortium in Liver Transplant Professionals Training (SNUC-LT) Program. For this purpose, in this procedure, to guarantee stable circulatory dynamics during the anhepatic phase of pigs, we created a porto-caval-jugular shunt which is followed by addressing liver dysfunction, portal hypertension and intestinal congestion. Here, we describe the precise practical procedure. We believe that our procedure enables young transplant surgeons to gain surgical skills efficiently and effectively in addition to making a model animal in an experimental field.
DNA damage contributes to age-associated differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Jin Rui , Niu Chang , Wu Fengyun , Zhou Sixin , Han Tao , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Xiaona , Xu Shanrong , Zhang Jun , Li Xinyue , Wang Yinggui , Gao Ting , Yu Mengnan , Wang Ruiguan , Zhang Changjian , Li Jiangbo , Liu Qi , Zhao Haijing , Qin Lingmei , Li Yufang , Yang Peng , Tian Shen , Zhou Duoqi , Chen Wei , Ye Qinong , Cao Cheng , Cheng Long
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is known to disproportionately affect older individuals1,2. How aging processes affect the disease progression remains largely unknown. Here we found that DNA damage, one of the major causes of aging3, promoted susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells and intestinal organoids. SARS-CoV-2 entry was facilitated by DNA damage caused by telomere attrition or extrinsic genotoxic stress and hampered by inhibition of DNA damage response (DDR). Mechanistic analysis revealed that DDR increased expression of ACE2, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, by activation of transcription factor c-Jun in vitro and in vivo. Expression of ACE2 was elevated in the older tissues and positively correlated with γH2Ax and phosphorylated c-Jun (p-c-Jun). Finally, targeting DNA damage by increasing the DNA repair capacity, alleviated cell susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Our data provide insights into the age-associated differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and a novel target for anti-viral intervention.
An Integrated Method For Optimized Identification of Effective Natural Inhibitors Against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro
Authors: Liao Qi , Chen Ziyu , Tao Yanlin , Zhang Beibei , Wu Xiaojun , Wang Zhengtao , Yang Li , Wang Qingzhong
Published: April 2021

The current severe situation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been reversed and posed great threats to global health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find out effective antiviral drugs. The 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) in SARS-CoV-2 serve as a promising anti-virus target due to its essential role in the regulation of virus reproduction. Here, we report an improved integrated approach to identify effective 3CLpro inhibitors from effective Chinese herbal formulas. With this approach, we identified the 5 natural products (NPs) including narcissoside, kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside, rutin, vicenin-2 and isoschaftoside as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidates. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulation additionally revealed that these molecules can be tightly bound to 3CLpro and confirmed effectiveness against COVID-19. Moreover, kaempferol-3-o-gentiobioside, vicenin-2 and isoschaftoside were first reported to have SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitory activity. In summary, this optimized integrated strategy for drug screening can be utilized in the discovery of antiviral drugs to achieve rapid acquisition of drugs with specific effects on antiviral targets.
Paradoxical Hyperalgesia of Supra-orbital and Infra-orbital Nerve Blocks when Anesthetizing the Trigeminal Nerves in Trans-Sphenoidal Endonasal Pituitary Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Sre Una , Litonius Erik , Gandhi Seema , Talke Pekka , Maties Oana , Siegmueller Claas , Magsaysay Avic , Hasen Daniel , Kunwar Sandeep , Seth Rahul , Gibson Lizbeth , Bickler Philip
Published: April 2021

Background: Pituitary neurosurgery executed via the transsphenoidal endonasal approach is commonly performed for pituitary adenomas. Reasons for prolonged hospital stay include postoperative migraine headache pain and protracted nausea with or without vomiting. Bilateral superficial trigeminal nerve blocks of the supra-orbital V1 and infra-orbital V2 (SION) nerves performed intra-operatively as a regional anesthetic adjunct to general anesthesia were hypothesized to reduce pain exposure and thus 6 hours post-operative morphine PCA (patient-controlled analgesia) use by patients. Methods: 49 patients, following induction of general anesthesia for their transsphenoidal surgery, were prospectively randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive additional regional anesthesia as either a block (0.5% ropivacaine with epi 1:200,000) or placebo/sham (0.9% normal saline). The primary endpoint was the pain exposure and resulting systemic morphine PCA opioid consumption by the two groups in the first 6-hours post-operatively. The secondary endpoints included (1) incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting and (2) time to eligibility for PACU discharge. Results: Of the 49 patients that were enrolled, 3 patients were excluded due to protocol violations. Ultimately, there was no statistically significant difference between morphine PCA use in the 6-hours post-operatively between the block and placebo/sham groups. There was, however, a slight visual tendency of the block group for higher pain scores, morphine use p=0.046, and delayed PACU discharge. False discovery rate corrected comparisons at each time point then revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. There were no differences between the two groups for secondary endpoints. Conclusion: 6-hour post-operative migraine headache pain after endoscopic trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery likely has a more complicated mechanism involving more than the superficial trigemino-vascular system and perhaps is neuro-modulated by other brain nuclei. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04670614, Date of Registration 17/12/2020
Hand Sanitizer With Natural Ingredients Exhibits Enhanced Antimicrobial Efficacy
Authors: Rana Ajay , Mukhia Srijana , Acharya Raksak , Kumar Sanjay
Published: April 2021

Hand sanitizers are amongst the foremost preventive defence against coronavirus. Ever since the outbreak of this virus in late 2019 the hand sanitizers has become an essential part of our day-to-day life in fight against this contagious disease. The global demand for hand sanitizers has suddenly peaks and reaches record high with ever-increasing market. However, the regular and excessive usage of hand sanitizers, which contains chemical additives and synthetic fragrances, do have serious health and environmental hazards. Thus, due to the evident role of natural phytoconstituents and essential oils against various infectious microorganisms including viruses, they appeared as prospective and viable option for toxic and hazardous chemicals frequently used in hand sanitizers. Here we have developed an alcohol based hand sanitizer formulation supplemented with natural and sustainable ingredients like tea extract and lemon grass essential oil enriched with phenolics and natural flavours respectively. The antimicrobial efficacy of developed hand sanitizer was evaluated and compared with alcohol based hand sanitizers and commercial hand sanitizers. The results of well diffusion assay method and time-kill test have clearly revealed the enhanced effectiveness of hand sanitizer with natural ingredients compared to commercial sample and World Health Organization recommended formulation. Moreover, the herbal origin of these ingredients is very significant since the left over residues on hands after repeated usage might not have any toxicity issues. Hence, it has established that usage of tea extract and lemon grass essential oil in alcoholic hand sanitizer formulation may have positive effects on health and environment.
Risk of opioid-related aberrant behaviors predicted by Opioid Risk Tool among cancer patients receiving opioid analgesics
Authors: Oh So Yeon , Park Kwonoh , Koh Su-Jin , Kang Jung Hun , Chang Myung Hee , Lee Kyung Hee
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The risk of opioid-related aberrant behavior (OAB) in Korean cancer patients has not been previously evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) in Korean cancer patients receiving opioid treatment.Methods: Data were obtained from a multicenter, cross-sectional, nationwide observational study regarding breakthrough cancer pain. The study was conducted in 33 South Korean institutions from March 2016 to December 2017. Patients were eligible if they had cancer-related pain within the past 7 days, which was treated with strong opioids in the previous 7 days.Results: We analyzed ORT results of 947 patients. Only one patient in each sex (0.2%) was classified as high risk for OAB. In patients with an ORT score of 1 or higher, the score primarily represented positive responses for personal history of depression, personal or family history of alcohol abuse, or 16–45 years age range. These patients had more severe average and worst pain scores and used rescue analgesics more frequently than patients with ORT scores of 0. The proportion of moderate- or high-risk patients according to ORT was lower in patients receiving low doses of long-acting opioids than in those receiving high doses (2.0% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.030). Moderate or high risk was more frequent when ORT was completed in an isolated room than in an open, busy place (2.7% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.091).Conclusion: The risk of OAB measured by ORT was very low in cancer patients receiving strong opioids for analgesia.
Dynamic Changes of miRNAs in Skeletal Muscle Development at New Zealand Rabbits
Authors: Jing Jing , Jiang Xichun , Zhu Cuiyun , Zheng Qi , Ji Qianyun , Yin Huiqun , Huang Jingtong , Zhu Yixiao , Wang Jiao , Qin Shuaiqi , Ling Yinghui
Published: April 2021

Background: miRNA is one of the crucial roles in the complex and dynamic network that regulates the development of skeletal muscle. The landscape of skeletal muscle miRNAs from fetus to adult in New Zealand rabbits has not been revealed yet.Results: In this study, nine sRNA-seq libraries of fetus, child and adult rabbits’ leg muscles were constructed. A total of 278 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified. In the fetus vs. child group, the main functional enrichments were involved in membrane and transport. Pathway enriched terms of up-regulated DEmiRNAs were connected with the differentiation and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle, and down-regulated ones were related to muscle structure and metabolic capacity. In the child vs. adult group, functions were associated to positioning and transportation, and pathways were relevant to ECM, muscle structure and hypertrophy. Finally, ocu-miR-185-3p and ocu-miR-370-3p, which had the most target genes, were identified as hub-miRNAs in these two groups.Conclusion: In summary, we summarized the highly expressed and uniquely expressed DEmiRNAs. Besides, the potential functional changes of miRNAs in two consecutive stages have been explored. Among them, the ocu-miR-185-3p and ocu-miR-370-3p with the most target genes were selected as hub-miRNAs. These data improved the understanding of the regulatory molecules of meat rabbit development, and provided a novel perspective for molecular breeding of meat rabbits.
Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel COL1A1 Missense Mutation Causing Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Type I Without Skeletal Abnormalities
Authors: Zeng Yuting , Pan Yuhua , Mo Jiayao , Ling Zhiting , Jiang Lifang , Xiong Fu , Yan Wenjuan
Published: April 2021

Background：Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by bone fragility, blue sclerae and dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI), which are mainly caused by a mutation of the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes that encode type I procollagen.Methods: The ultrastructure of dentin was analyzed by micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis, nanoindentation test and Toluidine Blue Staining. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify the pathogenic gene. The function of the mutant COL1A1 was studied by real-time PCR, western blotting, subcellular localization. Functional analysis in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) was also performed to explore the impact of the identified mutation on this phenotype. Results: WES identified a missense mutation (c.1463G > C) in exon 22 of the COL1A1 gene. However, the cases reported herein only exhibited DGI-I in the clinical phenotype, there is no bone disease and any other common abnormal symptom caused by COL1A1 mutation. In addition, ultrastructural analysis of the tooth affected with non-syndromic DGI-I showed that the abnormal dentin was accompanied by disruption of odontoblast polarization, reduced numbers of odontoblasts, loss of dentinal tubules, and reduction in hardness and elasticity, suggesting severe developmental disturbance. What’s more, the odontoblast differentiation ability based on DPSCs that were isolated and cultured from the DGI-I patient was enhanced compared with those from an age-matched, healthy control.Conclusion: This study helped the family members to understand the disease progression and provided new insights into the phenotype-genotype association in collagen-associated diseases and improve clinical diagnosis of OI/DGI-I.
Big Data Tracking and Automatic Measurement Technology for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Trajectory Based on MEMS Sensor
Authors: Xing Jun , Wang Xinzhe , Dong Jie
Published: April 2021

Due to the high cost and large error of traditional UAV big data tracking and automatic measurement technology, a method of big data tracking and automatic measurement for UAV trajectory based on MEMS sensor was put forward. The iterative learning control algorithm was used to estimate the repetitive disturbance and modeling error of system based on the simplified dynamics model of four-rotor helicopter and the optimal estimation characteristics of Kalman filter. The discrete equation of quadratic performance function in time domain was selected to compensate the estimated model error disturbance, and then the big data tracking was completed. Based on the data of gyroscope, the quaternion differential equation was established. The differential equation was solved by first-order Picard method, and a set of quaternion data was obtained. The gradient descent method was used to process the acceleration data and magnetic data, and thus to get the optimal quaternion. Finally, the measurement results were obtained by fusing the two quaternions with MEMS sensors. Simulation results prove that the proposed method can obtain the trajectory tracking data and measurement information of UAV accurately.
An enhanced approach for optimizing mathematical and structural problems by combining PSO, GSA and gradient directions
Authors: Salajegheh Farsad - , Salajegheh Eysa , Shojaee Saeed -
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is enhanced by the first-order gradient method and a new optimization algorithm is introduced as GPSG. In metaheuristic methods, some search directions are selected at random and the resulting points gradually progress toward the optimal. Since the gradient direction usually has the largest decrease in the desired function, it is added to the GSA and PSO process to allow for faster and more accurate convergence. By integrating the metaheuristic methods with the gradient directions, a powerful method for optimizing functions has been made possible. Numerous examples of unconstrained problems of mathematical functions of CEC2005 and constrained examples of stress and displacement structural design problems have been chosen to demonstrate the reliability and capability of the presented method.
Comparison between Amulet and Watchman left atrial appendage closure devices: A real-world, single center experience.
Authors: Saad Mohammed , Risha Osama , Sano Makoto , Fink Thomas , Heeger Christian-Hendrik , Vogler Julia , Sciacca Vanessa , Eitel Charlotte , Stiermaier Thomas , Joost Alexander , Keelani Ahmad , Fuernau Georg , Meyer-Saraei Roza , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Eitel Ingo , Tilz Roland Richard
Published: April 2021

Objectives
To compare the Watchman™ versus Amulet™ left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) devices in a consecutive, industry-independent registry.
Background
Data reporting a head-to-head comparison between Amulet and Watchman devices are scarce.
Methods
Patients who underwent LAAC using Watchman or Amulet devices from January 2014 to December 2019 at the University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany were included in the present analysis. Primary endpoints included periprocedural complications (in-hospital death, pericardial tamponade, device embolization, stroke, major bleeding and vascular access complications), and complications during 2-year-follow-up (ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, thromboembolism, device thrombus, bleeding and death).
Results
After matching the patients for age (± 5 years), gender, CHA2DS2Vasc score (± 1) and HASBLED score (± 1), each of the Watchman and the Amulet groups included 113 patients. Patients in the Amulet group had significantly more periprocedural complications (2.7% vs 10.6%, p = 0.029; respectively) and more major bleeding complications (0% vs 5.3%, p = 0.029; respectively). During 2-year follow-up, the rate of events was comparable between the Watchman and Amulet groups (18.3% versus 20.8%, p = 0.729; respectively).
Conclusion
Amulet LAAC device was associated with increased periprocedural complications as compared to Watchman LAAC device. On 2-year follow-up, both devices showed comparable efficacy and safety.
The perspectives and experiences of physiotherapists and general practitioners in the use of the STarT Back Tool Tool: A review and meta- synthesis
Authors: Hill Julia , Try Freya , Agnew Georgia , Saywell Nicola
Published: April 2021

Background: Chronic low back pain is associated with disability and work absence. Stratified primary care management of acute low back pain using a prognostic screening tool (STarT Back Tool, SBT) triages people with LBP into targeted treatment groups, matched to their level of risk of chronicity. The SBT was designed for use in the health service in the United Kingdom (UK) where it has been shown to improve clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and reduce treatment costs and time off work. Successful implementation of the SBT in health care outside the UK is dependent on the health practitioners who will use it and the healthcare system in which they work. Gaining health practitioners’ perspectives on the SBT is an important step in effective implementation. Methods: A computerised search of qualitative literature was conducted across seven databases in March 2021 using keywords to identify studies that investigate the perspectives of physiotherapists and general practitionners on the use of the SBT in primary health care. Study quality was assessed using the CASP tool. Data were coded and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Eight articles met the inclusion criteria and included the views of general practitioners and physiotherapists from primary health care settings from four countries. Three overarching themes were created from the data, the first ‘making it work’, identifies factors that may influence implementation and continued use of the SBT in clinical practice. The second ‘will I do it?’, captured potential consequences of adopting the SBT and the third ‘it’s all about the patient’ emphasised how the SBT may affect patients and their potential reactions to risk stratification and matched treatments.Conclusions: Physiotherapists and general practitioners found using the SBT frequently enhanced their practice. General practitioners did express concerns about time constraints and the potential for the SBT to undermine their clinical experience. Findings from this study will inform modifications to contextualise the tool to each healthcare environment.
A New Specific Sequence to Distinguish B.canis From Other Brucella by PCR
Authors: YE YinBo , YANG JiangHua , LI DongLiang , HAO LiHua , ZHANG Zhao , MEI SiYao , ZHANG Huan , DU FangYuan , LIU BaoShan , CHEN ZeLiang
Published: April 2021

Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease worldwide. The increasing number of pet dogs has raised new risk of people getting canine brucella with absent or mild symptom. Besides, the canine brucellosis can be caused by other brucella species, so their infection could be omitted by the PCR method. The present PCR methods can only detect canine brucella, by which cases infected with other brucella would appear negative. It’s an urge to develop a specific PCR assay for detecting canine Brucellosis, Whether the pathogen was B.canis or any other Brucella.Resaults: a differential sequence of B.canis were found by genome comparison analysis and were analyzed by BLAST. Then a PCR method was established using specific primers in the sequence and tested for clinical application. It could detect canine brucellosis caused by B.canis or other Brucella species with 310-bp and 413-bp product, respectively. The developed PCR method had specificity for non-brucella and a sensitivity of 100 copies of Brucella DNA. The detection accuracy verified with spiked samples was 95.5% (21/22) for B.canis and 100% (22/22) for other brucella. Conclusions: The study found a specific sequence of B.canis and developed a PCR detection method to detect canine brucellosis caused by B.canis or other Brucella species. The method established in this study will more comprehensively detect the pathogen of canine brucellosis and provide important methods and means for preventing and controlling this disease.
Deep learning shows declining groundwater levels in Germany until 2100 due to climate change
Authors: Wunsch Andreas , Liesch Tanja , Broda Stefan
Published: April 2021

In this study we investigate how climate change will directly influence the groundwater resources in Germany during the 21st century. We apply a machine learning groundwater level prediction framework, based on convolutional neural networks to 118 sites well distributed over Germany to assess the groundwater level development under the RCP8.5 scenario, based on six selected climate projections, which represent 80% of the bandwidth of the possible future climate signal for Germany. We consider only direct meteorological inputs, while highly uncertain anthropogenic factors such as groundwater extractions are excluded. We detected significant declining trends of groundwater levels for most of the sites, revealing a spatial pattern of stronger decreases especially in the northern and eastern part of Germany, emphasizing already existing decreasing trends in these regions. We can further show an increased variability and longer periods of low groundwater levels during the annual cycle towards the end of the century.
The role of poly-herbal extract in sodium chloride-induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in male Wistar rats
Authors: Fadahunsi Olumide , Adegbola Peter , Akintola Olayemi Adebola , Ajilore Bamidele Stephen , Olorunnisola olubukola sinbad
Published: April 2021

Consistent consumption of high salt diet (HSD) has been associated with increased cellular generation of free radicals which has been implicated in the derangement of some vital organs and etiology of cardiovascular disorders. This study was designed to investigate the combined effect of some commonly employed medicinal plants on serum lipid profile and antioxidant status of aorta, kidney, and liver of high salt diet-fed animals. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 and 2 animals were fed normal rat and 16 % high salt diet only respectively. Animals in groups 3, 4, and 5 were fed 16% high salt diet with 800, 400, and 200 mg/kg bw poly-herbal extract (PHE) respectively once for 28 consecutive days. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione concentration, and activities were assessed in the aorta, kidney, and liver. PHE (p < 0.05) significantly reduced malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentration and increased antioxidant enzymes and glutathione activity. Elevated serum TG, TC, LDL, and TC content in HSD-fed animals were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced to normal in PHE-treated rats while HDL was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner in PHE treated animals. Feeding with PHE attenuated high salt diet imposed derangement in serum lipid profile and antioxidant status in the organs of the experimental rats.
First Complete Genome Sequence of Brucella abortus 2308 isolated from an abortion storm in a dairy farm in India
Authors: Kumar Amit , Prajapati Malyaj R , Upadhyay Surendra , Bhordia Anamika , Singh Vinod Kumar , Singh Jitender , Kumar Pankaj , Rahal Anu , Kumar Ravindra , Sirohi Anil
Published: April 2021

The present report communicates the first complete genome sequence of Brucella abortus 2308 strain isolated from a an abortion storm in a dairy farm located at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh in India. It caused the last trimester abortions of 32 animals out of 100 cows in a dairy over a period of 60 days. The bacteria were isolated in pure culture from the placenta of aborted cows. The genome sequence length of isolated bacteria is 3,285,606 bp with a 57.25 % GC content, an N50 value of 296,426, L50 value of 4 containing 3,119 coding DNA sequences (CDSs), 49 tRNAs, 1 transfer messenger RNA (mRNA), and 3 rRNA genes. It is the first report of Brucella abortus 2308 isolation and complete genome sequence from Indian subcontinent.
Ethical and Practical Considerations for Cell and Gene Therapy Toward an HIV Cure: Findings from a Qualitative In-Depth Interview Study in the United States
Authors: Dubé Karine , Kanazawa John , Patel Hursch , Louella Michael , Sylla Laurie , Sheehy Jeff , Dee Lynda , Taylor Jeff , Sauceda John A. , Peluso Michael J. , Deeks Steven G. , Simoni Jane
Published: April 2021

Background: HIV cure research involving cell and gene therapy has intensified in recent years. There is a growing need to identify standards, safeguards, and protections to ensure cell and gene therapy HIV cure research remains ethical and acceptable to as many stakeholders as possible as it advances on a global scale.Methods: To elicit ethical and practical considerations to guide cell and gene therapy HIV cure research, we implemented a qualitative, in-depth interview study with three key stakeholder groups in the United States: 1) biomedical HIV cure researchers, 2) bioethicists, and 3) community stakeholders. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. We applied conventional content analysis focused on inductive reasoning to analyze the rich qualitative data and derive key ethical and practical considerations related to cell and gene therapy towards an HIV cure.Results: We interviewed 13 biomedical researchers, 5 community members, and 1 bioethicist. Informants generated considerations related to: perceived benefits of cell and gene therapy towards an HIV cure, perceived risks, considerations necessary to ensure an acceptable benefit/risk balance, cell and gene therapy strategies considered unacceptable, additional ethical considerations, considerations for first-in-human cell and gene therapy HIV cure trials. Informants also proposed important safeguards to developing cell and gene therapy approaches towards an HIV cure, such as the importance of mitigating off-target effects, mitigating risks associated with long-term duration of cell and gene therapy interventions, and mitigating risks of immune overreactions.Conclusion: Rapidly evolving cell and gene therapy towards an HIV cure is accompanied by a host of ethical and practical challenges. To minimize risks to potential participants and facilitate the translation of scientific advancements from the bench to the clinic, cell and gene therapy HIV cure research must be thoughtfully developed and implemented. To protect the public trust in cell and gene therapy HIV cure research, ethical and practical considerations should be periodically revisited and updated as the science continues to evolve.
Transcriptome Analysis of Tailfins From Grass-Goldfish And Egg-Goldfish to Identify Genes Involved in Artificial Selection for Ornamental Purposes
Authors: Wang Shu-yan , Liu Nai-yi , Fang Jie
Published: April 2021

Goldfish, one of the first animals domesticated for ornamental purposes, experience huge morphological variation, of which the number changes in tailfins and the loss of dorsal fins is the most impressive due to their important functions in fish. In the present study, a transcriptome analysis of the tailfins of Grass- (with complete dorsal fin and a single tailfin), and Egg-goldfish (loss of dorsal fin and double tail fins) was carried out to determine the sequence variants, to detect differential gene expression patterns in transcriptomes, and to characterize the effects of selection and identify target genes under selection. In total, 124,808,475 and 101,965,939 high quality reads were obtained from the tailfins of Grass- and Egg-goldfish, respectively, and 114,796 unigenes were further assembled from over 33.48 Gb nucleotides. A large portion of unigenes related to various primary and secondary metabolite pathways were identified, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the tailfins from Grass- and Egg-goldfish were also generally enriched in the metabolite pathways, for instant, the PI3K−Akt signalling pathway, the MAPK signalling pathway, osteoclast differentiation, and the dorso-ventral axis formation, all relating to cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation. These identified DEGs (HOXA2b, HOXB13a, paired mesoderm homeobox protein 1-like isoform X2 (PRRX2), zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1-like isoform X3 (ZEB1), and homeobox protein (Meis1), presumably played an important role in the development of the double tail fins during the artificial selection for ornamental purposes.
A meritocratic network formation model for the rise of
social media influencers
Authors: Pagan Nicolò , Mei Wenjun , Li Cheng , Dörfler Florian
Published: April 2021

Many of today’s most used online social networks such as
Instagram, Youtube, Twitter, or Twitch are based on User-Generated Content (UGC), and the exploration of this content is enhanced by the integrated search engines. Prior multidisciplinary effort on studying social network formation
processes has privileged topological elements or socio-strategic incentives. Here, we propose an untouched meritocratic approach inspired by empirical evidence on Twitter data: actors continuously search for the best UGC provider. We statistically and numerically analyze the network equilibria properties: while the expected outdegree of the nodes remains bounded by the
logarithm of the network size, the expected indegree follows a Zipf’s law with respect to the quality ranking. Notably, our quality-based mechanism provides an intuitive explanation of the origin of the Zipf’s regularity in growing social networks. Our
theoretical results are empirically validated against large data-sets collected from Twitch, a fast-growing platform for online gamers.
Engineered Generation of Human Natural Killer Cells From Different Somatic Cells Subjected to Physical Reprogramming
Authors: Song Na , Hu Jian chuan , Su Chao , Chen Xian cheng
Published: April 2021

Background: As part of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells can directly kill virus-infected cells and malignant cells without pre-immunization. NK cell-based immunotherapy has attracted tremendous attention as a practical treatment for cancer and other diseases. In order to provide unlimited “off-the-shelf” NK cells to serve many recipients, we designed and demonstrated an overall manufacturing scheme for mass production of NK cells from physically reprogrammed somatic cells. Methods: Different somatic cells would be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by physical-dynamic suspension culture system, which was non-viral, non-integrated, non-compound-induced, feeder-free, and serum-free. The pluripotency of iPSCs was assessed by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry analysis, western blot, and teratoma assay. By using a combination of cytokines, iPSCs would be further differentiated into NK cells. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry analysis, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release method were performed to evaluate the characteristics of NK cells. Results: Starting from human somatic cells, we obtained iPSCs in the form of spherical embryoids (SEs) through physical reprogramming. iPSCs were similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in their characteristics, including morphology, expression of pluripotency-associated markers, and teratoma formation. NK cells were efficiently generated from SEs by a combination of cytokines under feeder-free conditions. SEs-NK cells share similar phenotypic and functional characteristics with human NK cells, including morphology, cell surface markers, and cytotoxicity. Conclusions: We have not only established a practical approach for large-scale production of universal NK cells, but also provided a platform for generating good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant iPSCs through physical dynamics, thus suggesting that the physical reprogramming will become a more promising strategy for future biotherapies.
High Prevalence of Pre-Treatment HIV Drug Resistance in Papua New Guinea: Findings from the First Nationally Representative Pre-Treatment HIV Drug Resistance Study
Authors: Gare Janet , Toto Ben , Pokeya Percy , Le Linh-Vi , Dala Nick , Lote Namarola , John Bangan , Yamba Abel , Soli Kevin , DeVos Joshua , Paulin Heather , Wagar Nick , Zheng Du-Ping , Nishijima Takeshi , Boas Peniel , Kelly-Hanku Angela , Gurung Anup
Published: April 2021

Background: Determining the prevalence of pre-treatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) is important to assess the effectiveness of first-line therapies. To determine PDR prevalence in Papua New Guinea (PNG), we conducted a nationally representative survey.Methods: We used a two-stage cluster sampling method to recruit HIV treatment initiators with and without prior exposure to antiretroviral therapies (ART) in selected clinics. Dried blood spots were collected and tested for PDR.Results: A total of 315 sequences were available for analysis. The overall PDR prevalence rate was 18.4%. The prevalence of PDR to non-nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) was 17.8% and of PDR to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) was 6.3%. The PDR prevalence rate among people reinitiating ART was 42.4%. Conclusions: PNG has a high PDR prevalence rate, especially to NNRTI-based first-line therapies. Our findings suggest that removing NNRTIs as part of first-line treatment is warranted and will lead to improving viral suppression rates in PNG.
Effect of Successive Gentamicin and Amikacin Therapies on Renal Function of Neonates
Authors: Singu Bonifasius Siyuka , Ndeunyema Milka Ndapandula , Ette Ene Ikpong , Pieper Clarissa Hildegard , Verbeeck Roger Karel
Published: April 2021

Gentamicin and amikacin are aminoglycoside antibiotics which are renally excreted and known to cause nephrotoxicity. Neonatal eGFR per body surface area is lower than in adults and exposure to nephrotoxic drugs could lead to more suppression in kidney function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of administering successive courses of gentamicin (first-line) and amikacin (second-line) therapy on neonatal kidney function. Data were collected from patient records of neonates receiving gentamicin (July-December 2019) and amikacin (July-December 2020) at the Neonatal Unit of Windhoek Central Hospital (Namibia). 44 neonates on gentamicin and 35 on amikacin were included in this study. Aminoglycoside dose was administered as a slow intravenous bolus and two blood samples taken for pharmacokinetic analysis. Other information collected: gestational age, postnatal age (PNA), weight, height, serum creatinine, and dosage regimen. Primary outcomes were correlation of eGFR with PNA, and the time it took to clear the drug to < 1 µg/mL; eGFR was calculated using the Schwartz method. The negative correlation between eGFR and PNA was significant (r = -0.370, p = 0.034). Therapeutic range Cmax were achieved in 27.3% gentamicin neonates (15–25 µg/mL), and 17.1% in amikacin (55–65 µg/mL). Proportion of neonates with a Cmin <1 µg/mL within the 24-hour dosage interval were 72.7% and 82.9% for gentamicin and amikacin, respectively. Conclusion: The decline in kidney function for neonates while on amikacin was significant. However, a considerably high proportion of amikacin neonates (82.9%) were able to clear the drug to < 1 µg/mL within 24 hours.
Research Issue on Green Product Design and Manufacturing of Electronic Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Bhatnagar Monika , Gupta Richa , Rao Meena , Sharma Tripti , Yadav Ajay Singh , R Bhaskaran
Published: April 2021

In the industrial society, the concept of green product research is becoming prevalent in many manufacturing industries. The green technology is implemented to develop an environmentally green product that brought attention to a growing technological field as it attains sustainable growth in a market. The green process includes logistics, manufacturing, and product design to reach a high level of sustainability. The utilization of green technologies in manufacturing industries reduces the major effect of industrial outcomes on environment. The product manufactured in the electronic industries is rapidly utilized by more population. This paper deals with the research issue faced during product manufacturing in electronic industries. Initially, the issues encountered during product development are air pollution, solid waste, and water pollution. The product is enriched with the characteristic features such as an increase in efficiency, reduction in toxic content, and must be eco-friendly. The developed green product should satisfy environmental standards. Environmental Conscious Manufacturing (ECM) accountability to satisfy the government rules and regulations for product development in the manufacturing industry and also deals with the customer’s expectation. The eco-friendly product includes eco-design, recycling, clean production, low cost, and reclamation of products. The eco-design is responsible for improving the environmental outcomes and also reliable for a reduction in long-term cost. The green product design and manufacturing focus mainly on energy conservation and the development of a product with less wastage. The research on green product manufacturing is mainly to save the environment by reducing carbon foot print and to make the product in less cost. The main consequence faced during the development of the green product is destroying the environment by utilizing natural resources. Thus, in this paper, the issues faced during the green product design and manufacturing of the electronic manufacturing industry are discussed.