bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online Education: A Science and Technology Studies Perspective / Éducation en ligne: Perspective des études en science et technologie
Authors: Hamilton Edward , Friesen Norm
Published: October 2016

This paper argues that research into the pedagogical value and potential of new technologies is limited by the implicit philosophical perspectives on technology that such research adopts. These perspectives either imbue technologies with inalienable qualities (essentialism) or posit technology as a neutral means for realizing goals defined by their users (instrumentalism). Such approaches reflect the reigning common sense around the relation of technology and social practice, but they have also been resoundingly critiqued from within the philosophy, history and sociology of technology. It is our argument that the development of more nuanced philosophical perspectives on technology derived from contemporary technology studies can provide fruitful new directions for online education research. After briefly outlining how essentialist and instrumentalist perspectives operate in such research, we overview the key contributions developed in technology studies, suggesting how the latter might enhance research into online education. Cet article soutient que la recherche sur la valeur et le potentiel pédagogiques des nouvelles technologies est limitée par les positions philosophiques qui y sont implicites. Ces positions conduisent soit à attribuer des qualités inaliénables aux technologies (essentialisme), soit à appréhender la technologie comme un moyen neutre pour la réalisation d’objectifs définis par les utilisateurs (instrumentalisme). De telles approches reflètent le sens commun qui prévaut quant à la relation entre la technologie et la pratique sociale. Elles ont cependant aussi été vivement critiquées dans les milieux de la philosophie, de l'histoire et de la sociologie de la technologie. Nous défendons l’idée que l’élaboration de positions philosophiques plus nuancées sur la technologie, issues des études contemporaines de technologie, peut offrir de nouvelles orientations fécondes pour la recherche consacrée à l’éducation en ligne. Après une brève description des positions essentialistes et instrumentistes telles qu’elles se présentent dans ce champ de recherche, nous passerons en revue les principales contributions des études en technologie et suggérons comment ces dernières pourraient rehausser la recherche consacrée à l’éducation en ligne.
« Le sac d’école électronique »: un outil technologique pouvant faciliter la mise en place de l’alignement curriculaire / The “digital school bag”: A technological tool to facilitate the implementation of curriculum alignment
Authors: Ntyonga-Pono Marie-Pierrette , Raynauld Jacques , Gerbé Olivier
Published: October 2016

Cet article discute des réformes du système éducatif québécois qui s’inscrivent dans le courant des réformes entreprises un peu partout dans le monde avec des résultats variables. Plusieurs facteurs sont évoqués parmi lesquels le manque de formation et de soutien des enseignants, malgré les actions du ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport du Québec qui a confié la recherche de moyens de soutien à différents organismes dont la Maison des technologies de formation et d'apprentissage Roland-Giguère (MATI Montréal) qui a conçu un logiciel «le sac d’école» peu connu et utilisé. Le but de cet article est de présenter cet outil technologique et comment il peut permettre d’atteindre l’alignement curriculaire, élément clé de toute réussite de réforme éducative. This paper discusses the education-system reforms in Quebec, which follow the same trends as reforms undertaken elsewhere in the world with various results. Several factors are invoked, among which is the lack of training and support for teachers despite the efforts of Quebec’s Ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport, which assigned various organizations to looks into support methods. These organizations included the Maison des technologies de formation et d’apprentissage Roland-Giguère (MATI Montréal), which designed a “school bag” software that is little used. The paper introduces the technological tool and shows how it can help in reaching curriculum alignment, a key element for the success of educational reforms.
An Extended Systematic Review of Canadian Policy Documents on e-Learning: What We’re Doing and Not Doing
Authors: Borokhovski Eugene , Bernard Robert , Mills Erin , Abrami Philip C , Wade C Anne , Tamim Rana , Bethel Edward , Lowerison Gretchen , Pickup David , Surkes Michael A
Published: October 2016

This systematic review builds upon the work of Authors (2006) and McGreal and Anderson (2007). It seeks to provide a synthesis and discussion of publicly available government policy documents with regard to e-learning in Canada. There is general consensus, both in public opinion and in the research literature, that the educational practices associated with rapidly advancing computer information technologies are gaining popularity and are expected to be increasingly effective in enhancing learning. The purpose of this review is to uncover and describe areas of commonality and inconsistency in e-learning policy documents dated from 2000 to 2010, and to determine where discussions about e-learning are lacking. In total, 138 policy documents from Canadian provinces and territories and several federal agencies were retrieved and analyzed using prescriptive and emergent coding approaches. The review confirmed that Canadian policy makers view technology as offering potential benefits to learners, but also revealed a troubling lack of specific details, consistency and coordination in facilitating the development of e-learning to fulfill these optimistic expectations.
Integrating Information and Communication Technology in the Classroom:
Authors: Sasseville Bastien
Published: October 2016

The discourse about information technology is often overlooked by researchers and scholars as a means of understanding the recent process of computerization in education. The research explores this phenomenon through a comparative discourse analysis of primary and secondary school teachers and promoters of ICT integration. The results show that promoters tend to view ICT as a way of transforming education whereas teachers see it only as a means to an end. The former's vision is borrowed from a prospective current of thought, a vision of social changes based on technological advances; the latter's considers only the needs of the students and the practical ways to respond to them. The research shows that teachers are not opposed to ICT integration; they're interested in effective ways to implement learning. The organizational context into which ICT is integrated is also a major impediment when it comes to changing the teacher's practice.
Analyse de la nature constructiviste d'une activité d'apprentissage collaboratif médié par les TIC
Authors: Brousseau Nancy , Vázquez-Abad Jesús
Published: October 2016

Abstract. In this article we examine an example of collaborative learning with ICT in secondary school science, in order to analyse its characteristics and determine if they answer criteria for an activity of constructivist nature. We retain that constructivism places the student at the centre of her learning; opposes the notion of learning as transmission of knowledge; requires an active participation of the learner who must build and reconstruct, individually and collectively, her knowledge in order to solve a problem or realise a project. In light of these criteria, we conclude that an activity such as the TACTICS project one, can be considered of a constructivist nature.
Breaking the ice: Supporting collaboration and the development of community online
Authors: Dixon Julie , Crooks Heather , Henry Karen
Published: October 2016

This study explores the concept of transactional distance, a term coined by Moore (1993), which relates to the distance that exists in all learning relationships and can be more evident and potentially problematic in online learning environments. Reducing this psychologically perceived distance to help learners develop social presence in support of collaborative relationships and the development of community in online learning environments is the purpose of this research. Icebreakers are fun activities that help people get to know each other. These activities can potentially ameliorate the perceived distance in online learning environments. Two author-developed icebreakers were used in a preliminary study involving university undergraduates and instructors in online environments. Respondents took part in an icebreaker at the start of a semester and at the mid-point after which they completed a questionnaire about perceived value of icebreakers. Early results were positive and have led to recommendations for practice.
Encouraging self-regulated learning through electronic portfolios
Authors: Abrami Philip C. , Wade Anne , Pillay Vanitha , Aslan Ofra , Bures Eva M. , Bentley Caitlin
Published: October 2016

At the Centre for the Study of Learning and Performance (CSLP) at Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec, we have developed the Electronic Portfolio Encouraging Active Reflective Learning Software (ePEARL) to promote student self-regulation and enhance student core competencies. This paper summarizes the literature on electronic portfolios (EPs), describes ePEARL, and documents our research findings to date including analyses of teacher and student reactions. Participants in this study were 62 school teachers, mostly from elementary schools, and their students (approximately 1200) from seven urban and rural English school boards across Quebec. Student and teacher post-test questionnaire responses suggested that the use of portfolios, and the learning processes they support, were positively viewed and learned well enough to be emerging skills among students. Contrariwise, teachers commented that teaching SRL strategies was new and thus required a change in teaching strategies, strategies that they were not yet accustomed to. Focus groups also revealed the challenges of using portfolios to teach children to self-regulate. And finally, the analysis of student portfolios evidenced only small amounts of student work or high levels of student self-regulation. Résumé : Au Centre d’études sur l’apprentissage et la performance (CEAP) de l’Université Concordia à Montréal, Québec, nous avons conçu le logiciel de portfolio électronique réflexif pour l’apprentissage des élèves (PERLE) afin d’encourager l’apprentissage autorégulé chez les élèves et d’accroître leurs compétences de base. Cet article présente un résumé de la documentation sur les portfolios électroniques, une description de PERLE, ainsi que nos résultats de recherche documentés à ce jour, y compris des analyses des réponses des enseignants et des élèves. Les participants à cette étude se composaient de 62 enseignants, la plupart dans des écoles primaires, et de leurs élèves (environ 1200) provenant de sept commissions scolaires anglophones urbaines et rurales du Québec. Les réponses des élèves et des enseignants au posttest suggèrent que les portfolios et les processus d’apprentissage qu’ils soutiennent ont été perçus de manière positive et qu’ils ont été suffisamment assimilés pour se traduire par de nouvelles compétences chez les élèves. En revanche, les enseignants ont mentionné qu’enseigner les stratégies d’apprentissage autorégulé était nouveau et que cela exigeait de modifier leurs stratégies d’enseignement pour en adopter d’autres auxquelles ils n’étaient pas encore habitués. Les groupes de discussion ont également fait ressortir les défis liés à l’utilisation des portfolios dans le but d’apprendre l’autorégulation aux enfants. Enfin, l’analyse des portfolios des élèves a révélé que seulement une petite portion des travaux d’élèves démontrait des niveaux élevés d’autorégulation.
When You Come to a Fork in the Road, Take It: Teaching Social Work Practice Using Blended Learning
Authors: De Boer Catherine , Campbell Sandra Loucks , Hovey Angela
Published: October 2016

The debates surrounding the effectiveness of teaching social work online highlight the challenges of adequately preparing students for face-to-face practice by way of web-based technologies. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to briefly describe how a particular School of Social Work when designing its part-time undergraduate degree program (BSW), arrived at a fork in the road and instead of choosing between the paths of in-class or online course delivery, the School decided to offer the entire degree using a blended learning platform. Secondly, to compare the development and implementation of three specific practice courses within the part-time degree program (interviewing and assessment, social work theory, and a practicum integration seminar) each of which was offered using blended learning. This paper contributes to the debate about the value of using web-based components when teaching social work practice and will be helpful to educators from within many disciplines, who are wishing to critique their own development processes when designing and teaching practice courses using blended learning.
Pratiques d’enseignement et conceptions de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage d’enseignants du primaire à divers niveaux du processus d’implantation des TIC
Authors: Lefebvre Sonia , Deaudelin Colette , Loiselle Jean
Published: October 2016

Résumé : Cet article décrit les pratiques et les conceptions de huit enseignants du primaire qui se situent à divers stades du processus d’implantation des TIC. Les résultats, issus d’entretiens et d’observations, montrent que les enseignants qualifiés d’expérimentateurs, qui se situent au niveau inférieur d’utilisation des TIC, ont des conceptions et des pratiques plutôt béhavioristes. Les enseignants collaborateurs ou adaptateurs, qui se situent à des niveaux supérieurs du processus d’implantation des TIC, ont des pratiques plutôt variées et affichent plus de conceptions constructivistes que les enseignants expérimentateurs. La discussion analyse les liens entre les conceptions affichées par les enseignants et les usages des TIC. Teaching practices and elementary school teacher’s concepts of teaching and learning at different levels of integration of ICTs Abstract: This article describes both practices and concepts of eight elementary school teachers who are at different stages of implementation of ICT in their practice. The results, taken from interviews and observation, indicate that teachers, identified as “experimenters” and who tend to use ICT less, adopt concepts and practices that lean towards behaviourism. Teachers identified as “collaborators” or “adaptors” and who are at higher levels of integration of ICTs tend to have practices that are more varied and show evidence of internal representations leaning more towards constructivism. The discussion further analyzes the relationship between the concepts that are evoked by the teachers and their uses of ICTs.
L’intégration des TIC et des aides technologiques par les orthopédagogues oeuvrant auprès des élèves handicapés ou en difficultés d’apprentissage / The integration of ICT and technological support by special-education teachers working with children with a
Authors: Loiselle Jean , Chouinard Jean
Published: October 2016

L'article porte sur l’utilisation des TIC et des aides technologiques par les orthopédagogues oeuvrant auprès d'élèves présentant des handicaps ou des troubles d'apprentissage. Il décrit l'intérêt de ces outils pour ces élèves, puis présente et analyse les résultats d'une enquête menée auprès d'orthopédagogues québécois. Peu d'entre eux rapportent une utilisation régulière des TIC et des aides technologiques par les élèves en classe et la majorité des répondants se sentent plus compétents à utiliser les TIC à des fins personnelles qu'à des fins pédagogiques. L'article discute des moyens pouvant favoriser une utilisation plus soutenue des aides technologiques. This paper studies the use of ICT and technological support by special-education teachers working with children with a handicap or learning disabilities. It describes the interest of such tools for these students before presenting and analyzing the results of a survey done among Quebec special-education teachers. Few report the regular use of ICT and technological support by students in class. The majority of respondents said they felt more competent using ICT for personal reasons than for educational purposes. The paper discusses the means that could facilitate a greater use of technological assistance.
The reality of assessing ‘authentic’ electronic portfolios: Can electronic portfolios serve as a form of standardized assessment to measure literacy and self-regulated learning at the elementary level? / L’évaluation d’e-portfolio «authentiques»
Authors: Bures Eva Mary , Barclay Alexandra , Abrami Philip C , Meyer Elizabeth J
Published: October 2016

This study explores electronic portfolios and their potential to assess student literacy and self-regulated learning in elementary-aged children. Assessment tools were developed and include a holistic rubric that assigns a mark from 1 to 5 to self-regulated learning (SRL) and a mark to literacy, and an analytical rubric measuring multiple sub-scales of SRL and literacy. Participants in grades 4, 5 and 6 across two years created electronic portfolios, with n=369 volunteers. Some classes were excluded from statistical analyses in the first year due to low implementation and some individuals were excluded in both years, leaving n=251 included in analyses. All portfolios were coded by two coders, and the inter-rater reliability explored. During the first year Cohen’s kappa ranged from 0.70 to 0.79 for literacy and SRL overall, but some sub-scales were unacceptably weak. The second year showed improvement in Cohen’s kappa overall and especially for the sub-scales, reflecting improved implementation of the portfolios and use of the assessment tools. Validity was explored by comparing the relationship of portfolio scores to other measures, including the government scores on the open-response literacy questions for the Canadian Achievement Tests (version 4), the scores we assigned to the CAT-4s using our assessment tools, and scores on the Student Learning Strategies Questionnaire (SLSQ) measuring SRL. The portfolio literacy scores correlated (p
Technology Integration Preparedness and its Influence on Teacher-Efficacy
Authors: Moore-Hayes Coleen
Published: October 2016

Recent inquiry has identified the establishment of positive self-efficacy beliefs as an important component in the overall process of successfully preparing new teachers for the classroom. Similarly, in-service teachers who reported high levels of efficacy for teaching confirmed feeling confident in their ability to design and implement enriching instructional experiences. This article presents findings from a quantitative, descriptive study regarding teacher-efficacy related to technology integration. Utilizing a six-point Likert-type survey with an open-ended question, the research instrument was administered to a sample of approximately 350 pre-service and in-service teachers within the Province of Nova Scotia, with a response rate of 48%. Analysis of quantitative research findings illustrated no statistically significant difference between the pre-service and in-service teachers’ perceptions regarding their preparedness to integrate technology into their teaching. However, responses to the open-ended questions revealed examples from practice where teachers from both segments of the sample experienced feelings of low self- efficacy related to technology integration.
Student Access to Information Technology and Perceptions of Future Opportunities in Two Small Labrador Communities
Authors: Healey Della , Stevens Ken
Published: October 2016

The potential of information technology is increasingly being recognized for the access it provides to educational and vocational opportunities. In Canada, many small schools in rural communities have taken advantage of information technologies to help overcome geographic isolation for students. This article is about students in two small and geographically isolated Labrador communities. Twenty senior students were found to have varying degrees of access to information technologies. Differences were found in their perceptions of the benefits of information technology for their educational and vocational futures.
A Learning Module for BA Students to Develop ICT Skills for their Learning Activities | Un module de formation visant le développement des compétences TICE chez les étudiants en baccalauréat
Authors: Platteaux Hervé , Hoein Sergio
Published: October 2016

This case illustrates the process of developing a learning module to support BA students in their use of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) tools in their learning. At the university where this case occurred, the skill level of ICT use among students in a learning context was very heterogeneous. The E-learning Competency Centre, or ECC, which was in charge of techno-pedagogical development at the institution, created a hybrid learning module that offered students learning materials and activities with both face-to-face workshops and online tutorials for autonomous learning. The students were able to choose subjects they wanted to learn "à la carte" by taking tutorials on their own and/or by participating in face-to-face workshops. The module described in this case is currently under construction. The design phase of this project is the focus of this case study.
Digital teaching portfolios: Catalysts for fostering authentic professional development
Authors: Milman Natalie B. , Kilbane Clare R.
Published: October 2016

This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study examining the role of digital teaching portfolios in teachers’ professional development and classroom practice. The participants, all teachers, took part in a formal course in which they develop a digital teaching portfolio. The findings suggest that the processes involved in creating digital teaching portfolios fostered their authentic professional development, and were a catalyst for their ongoing professional development. Furthermore, engagement in creating a portfolio was instrumental in these teachers’ self-discovery and learning.
From First Life to Second Life: Evaluating task-based language learning in a new environment / De la vie réelle à la vie virtuelle: évaluation de l'apprentissage des langues basé sur les tâches dans un nouvel environnement
Authors: Jee Min Jung
Published: October 2016

Second Life is an avatar-based 3D virtual world that has recently received attention from educators and researchers in various fields to explore its pedagogical benefits. Considering the increasing implementation of technologies broadly in much instruction, this study investigated how different task types affect ESL students’ use of Second Life environment, and factors that determine success or failure of a task completion. Enrolled in a university ESL program, 34 high- and low-intermediate students participated, and they were asked to use the voice-chat function and communication features of avatars as they participated in three task types: Jigsaw, Decision-making, and Discussion tasks, representing the continuum of communicative tasks by Pica, Kanagy, and Falodun (1993). Emerging phenomena from the data described how the different levels’ of ESL students used Second Life environment in different task types, focusing on avatar use, telepresence, and affordances, and critical factors that led success or failure of task completion. « Second Life » est un univers virtuel en 3D basé sur des avatars qui a récemment retenu l'attention des éducateurs et des chercheurs de divers domaines, désireux d’explorer les avantages pédagogiques de ce jeu. Étant donné l’application croissante des technologies en éducation, cette étude a examiné la manière dont différents types de tâches affectent l’utilisation de l’environnement « Second Life » chez les étudiants d’anglais langue seconde (ALS), et les facteurs déterminant le succès ou l'échec dans l’exécution d’une tâche. 34 étudiants universitaires inscrits dans des programmes intermédiaires d’ALS de niveaux différents ont été invités à utiliser les fonctions de conversation orale (chat vocal) et de communication des avatars alors qu’ils participaient à trois types de tâches: casse-tête, prise de décision, et tâches de discussion, correspondant à l’éventail des tâches communicatives de Pica, Kanagy et Falodun (1993). Les données montrent de façon provisoire comment les d’étudiants d'ALS de différents niveaux ont utilisé l’environnement « Second Life » dans des types variés de tâches, en mettant l'accent sur l'utilisation des avatars, la téléprésence et les affordances, et révèlent les facteurs cruciaux qui ont conduit au succès ou à l'échec dans l'exécution des tâches.
Comparing students’ perceptions of paper-based and electronic portfolios
Authors: Van Wesel Maarten , Prop Anouk
Published: October 2016

\Electronic portfolios offer many advantages to their paper-based counterparts, including, but not limited to working on ICT skills, adding multimedia and easier sharing of the portfolio. Previous research showed that the quality of a portfolio does not depend on the medium used. In this article the perceived support for self-reflection of an electronic portfolio and a paper-based portfolio in the same ecological setting are compared. We made use of the fact that during this study about half of the first year medical students was using an electronic portfolio (n = 157) and the other half a paper-based portfolio (n = 190). Nine questions were added to the standard end of the block evaluation, which is handed to 25 percent of year one educational groups. Findings suggest that perceptions about the support for self-reflection, and the usefulness of compiling a portfolio, do not differ between students using an electronic portfolio and students using a paper-based portfolio. Résumé : Les portfolios électroniques offrent de nombreux avantages comparativement à leurs homologues de papier, entre autres la possibilité de perfectionner les compétences liées aux TIC, d’ajouter des éléments multimédias et de partager plus facilement le portfolio. Des études précédentes ont montré que la qualité d’un portfolio ne dépend pas du support utilisé. Dans le présent article, nous comparons l’aide à l’autoréflexion perçue pour un portfolio électronique et un portfolio sur support papier dans le même environnement. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous avons profité du fait qu’environ la moitié des étudiants de première année en médecine utilisait un portfolio électronique (n = 157) et l’autre moitié, un portfolio sur support papier (n = 190). Neuf questions ont été ajoutées à l’évaluation normale remise à 25 pour cent des groupes de première année à la fin du bloc de formation. Les résultats suggèrent que les perceptions des étudiants à l’égard de l’aide à l’autoréflexion et de l’utilité de compiler un portfolio ne diffèrent pas entre les utilisateurs de portfolios électroniques et les utilisateurs de portfolios sur support papier.
What Early Childhood Educators Need to Know About Computers in Order
Authors: Specht Jacqueline , Wood Eileen , Willoughby Teena
Published: October 2016

Abstract Recent research in early childhood education centres suggests that the classroom environment and educators' knowledge about computers are not at a level that would support computer learning opportunities. The purpose of the present study was to determine what areas of support educators require in order to provide a smooth introduction of the computer into the early childhood classroom. Questionnaires assessing basic knowledge, attitudes towards computers, and information that teachers would like to have regarding computers were completed by 196 (192 females and 4 males) early childhood educators from 3 mid-size Canadian cities. Overall, educators support the use of computers in the early childhood learning environment, but require information that is reliable, systematic and informed. Ideas for a computer workshop for early childhood educators are provided along with suggestions for future research. Résumé Des recherches récentes, effectuées dans des centres d’éducation de la petite enfance, suggèrent que l’environnement des salles de classe et que les connaissances en informatique des éducateurs ne sont pas d’un niveau qui puisse encourager les possibilités pédagogiques par le biais d’un ordinateur. L’objectif de la présente étude est de déterminer les domaines dans lesquels les éducateurs ont besoin de soutien, afin d’introduire, dans les meilleures conditions, l’ordinateur dans une salle de classe de la petite enfance. Des questionnaires évaluant leurs connaissances de base en informatique, leurs attitudes face à l’informatique et les informations qu’ils souhaiteraient recevoir à propos des ordinateurs ont été remplis par 196 (192 femmes et 4 hommes) éducateurs de la petite enfance, situés dans 3 villes canadiennes de taille moyenne. D’une manière générale, les éducateurs encouragent l’utilisation de l’ordinateur dans l’environnement de la petite enfance, mais ils ont besoin d’informations fiables, méthodiques et documentées. Des idées d’ateliers informatiques pour éducateurs de la petite enfance sont présentées, ainsi que des suggestions pour la recherche à venir.
Exploiter son portfolio numérique : construire son identité professionnelle numérique pour valoriser ses competences / The use of a personal digital portfolio: how to build its own professional digital identity and enhance its competences
Authors: Gauthier Philippe-Didier
Published: October 2016

Résumé : Les étudiants de l’enseignement supérieur et des formations professionnelles sont confrontés aux exigences d’employabilité et de mobilité professionnelle. Comment s’y préparer ? Quelles compétences développer ? Quel dispositif pédagogique peut répondre, durablement, à ces questions ? Cet article pose un regard de synthèse sur les résultats de six études relatives aux usages du portfolio numérique utilisé dans une perspective de construction d’une identité professionnelle numérique. L’article propose une reconception d’un dispositif d’accompagnement des étudiants autour de deux axes majeurs : le développement d’une compétence à “l’auto reconnaissance de ses propres compétences”, d’une part, et le développement d’une compétence à « l’auto socialisation », d’autre part. Abstract: Students in higher education and vocational training have to face high demands of employability and professional mobility. How can they get ready? What competencies should they develop? What kind of pedagogical device can provide robust answers to these questions? This article summarizes the results of six studies on the uses of digital portfolios to build a professional digital identity. In this article, we suggest redesigning support for students in two major ways: first, moving up from competency development to “self-acknowledgement of one’s own competencies”, and second, from competency development to “self-socialization”.
Étude du changement découlant de l’intégration des technologies de l’information et de la communication dans une école secondaire de l’Ontario
Authors: Leclerc Martine
Published: October 2016

This case study, which provides an interim report of the research conducted, describes the changes experienced by teachers after participating for three months in a project to integrate information and communications technologies (ICT) into an Ontario secondary school. The goal was to determine what changes occurred and what factors either fostered or impeded them. The participating teachers perceived active leadership in the school and social pressure to be the emergent positive change factors. On the other hand, they viewed a lack of available tools, time, and anxiety as being the main constraints. Profound changes in the roles of the teacher and the student were also noted during this period, changes that the teachers attributed to the integration of ICT into the curriculum.
Exploring the Digital Divide: The Use of Digital Technologies in Ontario Public Schools
Authors: Chen Bodong
Published: October 2016

Combining data from a school principal survey with student demographics and achievement data, the present study aimed to develop a much needed understanding of ICT usage in Ontario’s K-12 public schools. Results indicated equitable first-order access to technology for schools, early integration of ICT from the earliest grades, frequent application of ICT in teaching, and an enabling effect of ICT on additional access to learning resources and distance learning. However, challenges were also uncovered in building technology infrastructure for a small fraction of schools; ensuring home access for schools with lower family incomes, smaller size or from remote regions; and providing teachers with professional development for choosing online materials and adopting emerging ICT-enabled teaching practice. Furthermore, this study highlighted the importance of parent involvement in ICT usage and the potential beneficial linkage between ICT usage and student learning achievement.
Towards the mature ePortfolio: Some implications for higher education
Authors: Challis Diana
Published: October 2016

Electronic portfolios [ePortfolios] are a recent addition to the language of higher education. Commencing with a summary of their role from EDUCAUSE, whose mission is to advance higher education by promoting the intelligent use of information technology, the distinctive characteristics of ePortfolios are outlined and salient differences from conventional portfolios in terms of process and outcomes are explored. Having considered the attributes of a mature ePortfolio, the paper focuses on pedagogical and technological issues for students and staff to move to mature ePortfolios. While accepting the valuable role ePortfolios can play in higher education, and that students increasingly come to the tertiary sector with expectations and experience that appear to warrant this approach, the paper concludes that decision making in this area is not yet adequately supported by research. Educators need to be open to the promise ePortfolios offer their students and staff but be aware of the implications for their adoption.
Bridging Theory and Practice: Developing Guidelines to Facilitate the Design of Computer-based Learning Environments
Authors: Young Lisa D.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The design of computer-based learning environments has undergone a paradigm shift; moving students away from instruction that was considered to promote technical rationality grounded in objectivism, to the application of computers to create cognitive tools utilized in constructivist environments. The goal of the resulting computer-based learning environment design principles is to have students learn with technology, rather than from technology. This paper reviews the general constructivist theory that has guided the development of these environments, and offers suggestions for the adaptation of modest, generic guidelines, not mandated principles, that can be flexibly applied and allow for the expression of true constructivist ideals in online learning environments.
Teachers’ roles in designing meaningful tasks for mediating language learning through the use of ICT: A reflection on authentic learning for young ELLs / Le rôle des enseignants dans la conception de tâches pertinentes en apprentissage des langues
Authors: Roessingh Hetty
Published: October 2016

Task based learning (TBL) continues to evolve as information and communication technology (ICT) inspired tools and teaching approaches afford the possibilities of transforming students’ learning experiences by heightening their motivation and sense of autonomy, and in turn, their vocabulary development. To capture this synergy, teachers will need to reimagine authentic learning and task design. This paper describes and reflects on the shifting demands and roles of the teacher in the elementary school setting. An illustrative sample of a series of linked tasks provides a model for pre-service teachers as they take on the work of preparing meaningful work for ELLs who are increasingly present in today’s mainstream class settings. Le rôle des enseignants dans la conception de tâches pertinentes en apprentissage des langues au moyen des TIC: Une réflexion sur l'apprentissage authentique pour les jeunes apprenants d’ALS. L'apprentissage par tâches continue d'évoluer au fur et à mesure que les outils et les approches pédagogiques inspirés des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) permettent de transformer les expériences d'apprentissage des étudiants en stimulant leur motivation, leur sens de l'autonomie et, finalement, l’enrichissement de leur vocabulaire. Pour réaliser cette synergie, les enseignants devront réinventer l'apprentissage authentique et la conception des tâches. Cet article décrit et réfléchit aux changements d’exigences et de rôles de l'enseignant à l'école primaire. Un échantillon représentatif d'une série de tâches connectées fournit un modèle pour les futurs enseignants qui se lancent dans la préparation d’un travail sérieux pour les étudiants d’ALS, aujourd'hui de plus en plus nombreux dans l’enseignement général.
Instructional Technology and Objectification
Authors: Gur Bekir S. , Wiley David A.
Published: October 2016

Objectification refers to the way in which everything (including human beings) is treated as an object, raw material, or resource to be manipulated and used. In this article, objectification refers to the way that education is often reduced to the packaging and delivery of information. A critique of objectification in instructional technology is presented. In the context of Heidegger’s critique of technology, the authors claim that objectification in education is metaphysical in the sense that the intelligibility (being) of education is equated with ready-to-use packages, and thus is reduced to delivery and transmission of objects. The embodiment dimension of teaching and learning can help us in resisting this reduction. The authors argue that objectification increases bureaucratic control over the teaching process and deskills teachers; and by which teachers are proletarianized. The authors conclude that instructional designers should create structures in which a care relation and dialogue between students and teachers can take place. Résumé: L’objectification réfère à la façon dont tout (incluant les être humains) est traité comme un objet, une matière première ou une ressource qui peut être manipulée et utilisée. Dans cet article, l’objectification réfère à la façon dont l’éducation est souvent réduite à la mise en boîte et à la livraison de l’information. Une critique de l’objectification en technologie éducative est présentée. Dans le contexte de la critique de la technologie par Heidegger, les auteurs prétendent que l’objectification en éducation est métaphysique dans le sens que l’intelligibilité (être) de l’éducation équivaut à la mise en boîte prêt-à –utiliser, et se résume donc à la livraison et à la transmission d’objets. L’incarnation de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage peuvent nous aider à résister à cette réduction. Les auteurs arguent que l’objectification augment le contrôle bureaucratique sur le processus d’enseignement et déqualifie les enseignants; de ce fait, les enseignants deviennent prolétariens. Les auteurs concluent que les technologues de l’éducation devraient créer des structures dans lesquelles une relation aidante et un dialogue entre l’étudiant et l’enseignant peuvent prendre place.
A Special Issue of the Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology on Knowledge Building
Authors: Jacobsen Michele
Published: October 2016

In a pervasive media and technology landscape that is increasingly global, participatory and connected, one in which learners and teachers can increasingly become creators of knowledge rather than mere consumers of prepared messages and ideas, it is vital for the field of educational technology to take stock of the latest research on knowledge building. Marlene Scardamalia and Carl Bereiter, innovative pioneers in the area of Knowledge Building in education, define the construct of Knowledge Building as having several characteristics that distinguish it from constructivist learning in general. Two key characteristics of Knowledge Building are intentionality and community knowledge. Intentionality captures that people engaged in knowledge building know they are doing it and that advances in knowledge are purposeful. Community knowledge captures that while learning is a personal matter, knowledge building is done for the benefit of the community. Scardamalia and Bereiter emphasize that in contrast to being spontaneous, a knowledge building culture requires a supportive learning environment and teacher effort and artistry to create and maintain a community devoted to ideas and to idea improvement. Distinct from improving individual students’ ideas and understanding, the collective work of Knowledge Building is explicitly focused on the creation and improvement of knowledge of value to one’s community – advancement of the knowledge itself.
Monkeys on the Screen?: Multicultural Issues in Instructional Message Design
Authors: McAnany Debbie
Published: October 2016

With the shift in numbers between Canadian-born students in the university classroom and the increased number of international students, it is a primary concern for instructors and instructional designers to know and understand learner characteristics in order to create effective instructional messages and materials. Recognizing how culture might shape cognition and learning, we can value and design for the diversity of students and maximize their learning while improving the learning environment for all students. To celebrate cultural diversity and meet the challenges associated with designing for diverse learning styles and educational experiences, this paper offers a review of the literature and proposes a systematic three-fold approach to the creation and evaluation of multicultural instructional messages and materials: first, “Do no harm”; second, “Know your learner”; and third, “Incorporate global concepts and images into instructional messages.” Résumé Avec le renversement des proportions d’étudiants nés au Canada et d’étudiants internationaux qui sont de plus en plus nombreux dans nos universités, connaître et comprendre les caractéristiques des apprenants constitue maintenant une préoccupation majeure pour les instructeurs et les concepteurs pédagogiques afin de créer des messages et du matériel pédagogiques efficaces. En prenant en considération la façon dont la culture peut influencer la cognition et l’apprentissage, nous pouvons tenir compte de la diversité des étudiants lors de la conception et ainsi maximiser leur apprentissage tout en améliorant l’environnement d’apprentissage pour tous les étudiants. Dans le but de célébrer la diversité culturelle tout en relevant les défis associés à la conception pour divers styles d’apprentissage et d’expériences éducatives, le présent article présente un examen de la documentation et propose une approche systématique en trois volets pour la création et l’évaluation de messages et de matériel pédagogiques : premièrement, « ne pas nuire »; deuxièmement, « connaître l’apprenant »; et troisièmement, « incorporer des concepts et des images universels dans les messages pédagogiques ».
Accessible Computer Technologies for Students With Disabilities in Canadian Higher Education
Authors: Fichten Catherine S. , Asuncion Jennison V. , Robillard Chantal , Fossey Myrtis E. , Barile Maria
Published: October 2016

Two studies explored how well English and French speaking colleges and universities in Canada address availability and access to new computer and information technologies for individuals with disabilities. In Study 1, 156 professionals who provide disability-related supports on campus responded to structured interview questions. In Study 2, 40 professionals who work in Quebec's Francophone junior/community college system (CEGEP) participated. Results showed that most institutions had specialized adaptive computer equipment, though colleges were less likely than universities, and loan programs providing adaptive computer equipment were seen as very effective. Respondents believed they were not very knowledgeable about adaptive computer technologies and those from Francophone institutions scored lower than from Anglophone institutions. The needs of students were seen as moderately well met, with Francophone respondents more favorable than Anglophone. Respondents from Anglophone universities expressed different needs than those from Anglophone colleges or Francophone institutions. Disability service providers wished students were better equipped and prepared for the postsecondary experience, computer based teaching materials used by professors were more accessible, and more extensive support services for adaptive hardware and software available. We provide recommendations based on universal design principles that are targeted at those involved in technology integration in postsecondary education.
Course Design and Delivery Specifications as a Tool for Ensuring Quality in an Online Training Program | Une charte pédagogique comme outil de qualité d’un programme en ligne
Authors: Docq Françoise
Published: October 2016

This case discusses the design, implementation, and regulation of a hybrid training program (60 credits over two years) organised by three business schools in Europe, and stretching over a five-year period. Following an incremental design process, the design team faced multiple challenges, from finding the added value of hybridization to choosing the technological environment that would be key to the instructional design of the 17 program modules. Subtle interpersonal skills were required to develop a program that suited every professor (n = approximately 40) and every institutional context (3).
Related Readings
Authors: Jacobsen Michele
Published: October 2016

Related Readings from CJLT V35(1) Winter 2009
Integration of an Online Discussion Forum in a Campus-based Undergraduate Biology Class
Authors: Turcotte Sandrine , Laferrière Thérèse
Published: October 2016

This research paper describes the use of computer mediated conferencing (CMC) to support the teaching of biology to undergraduates. The use of this pedagogical innovation was a first-time experience for both the instructor and his students. The objectives of this project were to increase students' active participation, to facilitate collaborative knowledge building, and to enhance the use of the scientific approach in problemsolving activities. The data indicate that some positive results were achieved for each objective. The use of online computer conferences shows a lot of promise when it is based on reflection, problem-solving, collaborative learning and knowledge building. Internet conferencing tools support students as they reflect and work together and open doors to numerous new educational experiences for both the students and the professors.
Virtual Ethnography: Interactive Interviewing Online as Method
Authors: Crichton Susan , Kinash Shelley
Published: October 2016

Recognizing the power of the Internet to connect people, regardless of place or time, we explore the notion of a virtual form of ethnography, suggesting online, textual interactive interviews are worthy of research consideration. This paper reports on three research projects, drawing examples from almost ten years in the evolution of Internet supported conferencing software. It is the position of this paper that we were able to share and develop new insights into being authors, interlocutors, online learners, online researchers, and members of an educational context. Further, we feel that we were able to sustain conversations beyond the scope of many traditional face-to-face interview sessions, noting that the participants enjoyed the process and often found it hard to quit their interactions with us. Hence our position that even though the technology is still emerging and improving, the potential is clearly rich, inviting, and worth continued study.nstructor if given the authority in a social constructivist learning environment.