bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lossy mode resonances in photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Sicacha Mauricio Salazar , Minkovich Vladimir P. , Sotsky Alexander B. , Shilov Artur V. , Sotskaya Luidmila I. , Chudakov Evgeny A.
Published: November 2021

The interaction effect of the fundamental mode in a special photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a thin-film absorbing coating deposited on a surface of a fiber cladding on the optical transmission of the PCF is theoretically studied. It is shown that the transmission has a multi-peak spectrum that is determined by the resonance capture of the fundamental PCF mode energy by the coating. In some cases, this capture is explained by a resonance coupling between the fundamental core mode and leaky modes of the coating, or between the fundamental PCF mode and cladding modes located between PCF air channels and the coating. Examples are presented of using this effect to develop fiber-optic sensors of refractive index or pressure, and to sense a nanoscale adsorption layer of ammonia molecules deposited on a coating surface contacting air.
Inflammatory response in the mid colon of ICR mice treated with polystyrene microplastics for two weeks
Authors: Choi Yun Ju , Kim Ji Eun , Lee Su Jin , Gong Jeong Eun , Jin You Jeong , Seo Sungbaek , Lee Jae Ho , Hwang Dae Youn
Published: November 2021

Background

The oral administration of polystyrene-microplastics (PS-MPs) causes chronic constipation of ICR mice, but there are no reports on their effects on the inflammatory response in the colon. To determine if the oral administration of MPs causes inflammation in the colon, the changes in the apoptosis-associated speck like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC)-inflammasome pathway, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and inflammatory cytokine expression were evaluated in the mid colon of ICR mice treated with 0.5 μm size PS-MPs for two weeks.

Results

The thicknesses of the mucosa, muscle, flat luminal surface, and crypt layer were decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in the mid colon of the MPs treated group compared to the Vehicle treated group. On the other hand, a remarkable increase in the expression levels of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein (NLRP) 3, ASC, and Cleaved Caspase (Cas)-1 protein was observed in the MPs treated group. In addition, similar increasing pattern in the levels of p-NF-κB and phospho-inhibitory subunit of NF-κB (p-IkB) α protein was detected. Four inflammatory cytokines, including NF-κB, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β, showed an increased expression level after the MPs treatment.

Conclusions

Therefore, the present study suggests that PS-MPs can be a novel cause of an inflammatory response in the mid colon of ICR mice.
Malignant Hyperthermia During Cardiac Surgery Successfully Treated by Deep Hypothermia Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Case Report
Authors: van den Bersselaar Luuk R. , Hollmann Markus W. , van den Goor Jeanette M. M. H. , Winkelman Jacobus A. , Snoeck Marc M. J. , Corsmit Oskar T.
Published: November 2021

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a life-threatening hypermetabolic disorder triggered by volatile anesthetics and/or succinylcholine. We report a case of a 58-year-old patient with a type-A aortic dissection. After induction of general anesthesia, a hypermetabolic reaction was successfully treated by deep hypothermia using cardiopulmonary bypass. Dantrolene became available in theater after the hypermetabolism was already treated successfully by hypothermia. Because of a low suspicion of MH, dantrolene was not administered when it became available. The patient fully recovered, and MH susceptibility was confirmed. Cardiopulmonary bypass should be considered to treat MH in case dantrolene and conservative therapy are unavailable or insufficient.
Expanded Perineal Coverage With Combined Pudendal and Inferior Cluneal Nerve Blocks: A Case Report
Authors: Sadowsky Aaron J. , Bebic Zvonimir
Published: November 2021

The pudendal nerve (PN) block is an effective regional technique for providing analgesia to the perineum. However, when the surgical site involves dermatomal areas lateral to the PN dermatome, additional blocks are necessitated. We present a case report of a 6-year-old female who presented for surgical resection of widespread condylomata accuminata involving the perineum and buttocks. Analgesia was achieved using a combined PN and inferior cluneal nerve block. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this combined technique used for perioperative analgesia.
John Stuart Mill
Authors: Manioudis Manolis
Published: November 2021

This article attempts to illustrate the interrelations between theory and history in John Stuart Mill’s political economy. Mill follows a stages theory from the tradition of the Scottish historical school and viewed history as an essential part in understanding economic phenomena. The article stresses the affinities between Mill and the Scottish historical school while at the same time showing how Mill moves between theory and history to verify his views or to show the limit of his economic analysis. This movement, viewed as a part of his attempt to sketch out a middle way between Ricardianism and inductivism, provided Mill the opportunity to make an extensive use of factual data before the professionalization of economic history proper in the late nineteenth century.
The Advent of Media Modernity out of Wild Bill's Ashes
Authors: Adleman Daniel
Published: November 2021

This article positions David Milch's Deadwood (2004–6) as a narrative universe that merits serious theoretical scrutiny on account of its far-reaching account of the dawn of American technocapitalism. While Kittlerian media-archaeological wisdom situates media modernity's primal scene at the turn of the century (with the emergence of the Edisonian gramophone, film, and typewriter), Deadwood figures the multimedia Big Bang as having taken place a few decades prior, with the advent of telegraphy, photography, and railroads. In the world of Deadwood, this “Discourse Network 1876” condenses in the spectral figure of George Hearst, a tyrannical mining and media magnate who descends on Deadwood to seize and consolidate the area's gold mining rights. When community leaders Al Swearengen and Seth Bullock rise up to resist Hearst, he wields the cybernetic grid of Discourse Network 1876 to run roughshod over the town's fragile social compact. Although this vision of the American Leviathan is a bleak one (and therein resides much of Deadwood's tragic mythos), Milch's Deadwood: The Movie (2019) revisits the town a decade later and rehabilitates the notion that a tightknit community of concerned citizens can, under the right conditions, serve as a viable, but precarious, bulwark against the Hearstian electrical storm.
The Scouring of Wellywood
Authors: Williams Ian
Published: November 2021

This article uses the work of brand theorists and New Zealand–based cultural critics to examine the circumstances that created the “Hobbit Law,” a New Zealand law aimed at busting local film industry unions. Branding logics created a struggle for authenticity around the importance of Middle-earth to New Zealand's national identity in the twenty-first century. This hybrid identity was then articulated as something that stood against labor actions by film industry workers, culminating in citizen marches against local labor. It closes by exploring ways that the importance of the brand as sense-making tool under neoliberalism might be reconfigured as something that might bridge the gap between media consumer and creative industry worker.
Decaffeinated coffee and green tea extract inhibit foam cell atherosclerosis by lowering inflammation and improving cholesterol influx/efflux balance through upregulation of PPARγ and miR-155
Authors: Rachmawati Ermin , Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Sargowo Djanggan , Kalsum Umi , Lyrawati Diana , Lukitasari Mifetika
Published: November 2021

Background:Foam cells are markers of atherosclerosis and characterise advanced atherosclerotic plaque, stimulated by inflammation caused by high lipid levels in macrophages. The combination of decaffeinated coffee and green tea extract (DCGTE) has been suggested to have a role in foam cell inhibition.

Objective: we investigated the inhibiting role of DCGTE against foam cell formation, through modulation of the inflammation process and cholesterol metabolism in macrophage colony stimulating factor- (M-CSF) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-exposed macrophages.

Methods: Coffee and green tea were extracted by filtration and infusion respectively, and underwent decaffeination using active carbon and blanching methods, respectively. Cells were administered 160/160 and 320/320μg/ml of DCGTE. Foam cell formation was observed using a light microscope after staining with Oil Red O (ORO), and the accumulation of lipids in macrophages with ELISA. Observations of lipid influx and efflux were determined through semiquantitative cluster differentiation 36 (CD36) and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression through immunofluorescence. The inflammation process was quantified using inflammatory/anti-inflammatory markers, e.g., tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 10 (IL10) with ELISA. Peroxisome proliferator activated response γ (PPARγ) expression and activity were assessed with PCR and ELISA, respectively. The expression of microRNA 155 (miR-155) was examined using qPCR.

Results:DCGTE at the above concentrations tended to reduce foam cell numbers, significantly inhibited lipid accumulation (p=0.000), reduced CD36 expression (p=0.000) and TNFα secretion (p=0.000) in Raw264.7 exposed to M-CSF 50ng/ml and oxLDL 50μg/ml.  PPARγ expression (p=0.00) and activity (p=0.001), miR-155 relative expression (p=0.000), and IL10 production (p=0.000) also increased.

Conclusion:DCGTE lowered foam cell numbers, possibly through attenuation of the inflammatory process and improvement of lipid/efflux mechanisms in M-CSF and oxLDL-stimulated Raw264.7 cells, via upregulation of PPARγ and miR-155.  Our results suggest DCGTE may help prevent atherosclerosis-based diseases.
Chemistry of combustible minerals
Authors: Serebryakov Andrey , Smirnova Tat'yana , Mercheva Valentina , Soboleva Elena
Published: November 2021

This textbook is a publication of the latest generation, designed to optimize the national project "Education"; develops theoretical knowledge about the genesis of natural liquid, gaseous and solid combustible minerals, the formation of the composition and properties, the practical significance of fuel and energy natural complexes. It is devoted to the study of the composition, properties and classification of oils, gas condensate, natural gases and solid combustible minerals, studied at the level of modern achievements of instrumental analytical and factory equipment in accordance with existing technologies, theories and hypotheses about the genesis of hydrocarbons and Earth sciences. The publication is supplemented with the main directions of processing of combustible minerals. Digital and graphical types of chemical models of the synergy of components of gas and oil deposits are described, which are necessary for predicting the phase state and composition of hydrocarbons and optimizing the directions of processing of marketable products. To facilitate the process of cognition of the origin and formation of the composition and properties of natural combustible minerals, a glossary, tests, as well as questions for the test and exam are offered.
To control the knowledge gained by students while studying textbook materials, each chapter is accompanied by questions and tasks.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students studying in the fields of 05.04.01, 05.03.01 "Geology", 21.05.02 "Applied Geology", as well as for specialists in the field of geology, geochemistry, extraction and processing of oil, gas, gas condensate, solid fuels.
Environmental law
Authors: Barbashova Natal'ya
Published: November 2021

The textbook outlines the course "Environmental Law". Special attention is paid to modern problems of environmental law and innovations in the environmental legislation of Russia. Using scientific literature, the issues of environmental safety, the role of innovations and regional factors in the implementation of environmental protection are highlighted. Such issues as environmental human rights, civil liability for environmental offenses and problems of ensuring nuclear and radiation safety are considered.
The normative material is given as of June 1, 2021.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For specialty students, postgraduates, law school teachers, as well as specialists working in the environmental field.
Destruction of coal seams during mining by dredging machines
Authors: Linnik Vladimir
Published: November 2021

The monograph is devoted to the issues of scientific substantiation of ways to improve the efficiency of the functioning of the executive bodies of coal mining machines used in the underground mining of coal seams, which are of great practical importance.
The results of studies on the reliability of destructive organs are new in the formulation and not previously published in the monograph format. A model is described and a physical interpretation of the failure patterns of auger assemblies and elements is given, methods for assessing the reliability and efficiency of using augers and cutting tools for specific operating conditions using traditional probabilistic and new energy approaches are proposed.
It is addressed to engineering and technical workers of design institutions, factories and mines engaged in the design and operation of cleaning combines and plows.
Maintenance and repair of ship boilers
Authors: Sherstnev Nikolay
Published: November 2021

The textbook shows the features of the layout and designs of ship auxiliary, recycling and combined boilers that affect their working conditions and methods of maintenance and repair. Recommendations for external inspection of boilers, control and maintenance in action are given. With examples from ship practice, the main methods of cleaning, defecation and repair of heating surfaces and other parts of various types of boilers are considered.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying in the specialty "Operation of marine power plants" and university teachers. It can also be useful for ship mechanics.
Intermodal and multimodal transport
Authors: Eremeeva Lyudmila
Published: November 2021

The textbook examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of intermodal and multimodal transportation, their organizational aspects necessary for effective management of transport processes in the supply chain in the context of modern development of economic systems using several modes of transport, taking into account the branching of transport networks, transport infrastructure, accessibility to the locations of shippers and consignees.
It contains control questions on chapters, a list of topics for abstracts and reports, test and situational tasks, a glossary and appendices.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students in higher educational institutions in the bachelor's degree program "Technology of transport processes" of all forms of education. It can be used by specialists of enterprises, operators, participants of multimodal transport for the effective organization of transportation of both domestic and international commodity flows.
Immunohistochemical features of the fallopian tubes’ structure in case of fetuses with a gestational term of 21-28 weeks from mothers with a chronic infection of the lower genital tracts
Authors: Poliasnyi V. , Kupriianova L.
Published: November 2021

In the following article we are disclosing immunohistochemical features of the fallopian tubes’ structure in case of fetuses with a gestational term of 21-28 weeks. We have studied the structure of organs of 15 fetuses from mothers with a chronic infection of the lower genital tracts (HILGT) (the group of comparison) relatively to one in case of 15 fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy (the main group). All fetuses had a gestational term of 21-28 weeks and had died intranatally as a result of an acute disorder of uterine-placental circulation. Methods of reearch: organometric, histological, immunohistochemical and statistical. The complex research allowed to reveal a probable decrease of the organometric data as well as indicators of thickness of the main structural components of the organs’ wall in case of fetuses from mothers of the group of comparison relatively to ones in case of fetuses from the main group. By applying histological method we had reveled a disorder in the strucuture of mucous and muscular membranes in the structure of organs of fetuses from mothers with a pathology of pregnancy, which is manifested by decreasing of number of folds, uneven thickness of the mucous membrane as well as disorder in formation of the muscular membrane’ layers. Immunohistochemical method has revealed an increase of apoptotically changed mucosal cells in the fallopian tubes of fetuses from mothers with HILGT. By applying MCAT to endotheline-1 we have revealed an increased glow of endithelial cells in vessels both of arterial and venous types in the strucuture of the organs’ wall in case of fetuses from the group of comparison. During the study on the endocrine activity of organs of fetuses from mothers with complicated pregnancy we have postulated a probable decrease of the cells’ glow’ intensity towards MCAT of progesterone. At the same time, there is also an inflammatory infiltration in the mucous membrane of the fallopian tubes’ wall. The aforementioned changes in the strucuture as well as in the functional activity of fetuses’ organs from mothers’ with HILGT are formed under the influence of chronic hypoxia and endocrine insufficiency of the feto-placental complex, which is taking place in case of this pathology. Histological and immunohistochemical features of the fallopian tubes’ structure in case of fetuses from mothers with complicated pregnancy are indicating a disorder in formation and maturing of the organ as well as they could lead to development of ectopic pregnancy and tubal infertility in the subsequent ontogenesis.
Surgical treatment of complicated duodenal ulcers with different variants of their localization
Authors: Maksymchuk D. , Mamchych V. , Maksymchuk V.
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To analyze and highlight the most effective methods of surgical treatment of complicated duodenal ulcer (DU) depending on its location. Material and methods. 86 patients underwent surgery for complicated combined pyloroduodenal ulcers. All patients with signs of gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation were examined according to clinical protocols. Patients were operated on by various surgical techniques depending on the location of DU. Further the analysis of different methods of surgical treatment of the pathology under study at its various localizations was carried out. Results. It has been established that in complicated combined pyloroduodenal ulcers with localization in the pyloric canal antrumectomy is the method of priority. If duodenum ulcer is complicated by bleeding, excision with pyloroplasty is the method of priority. Suture ulceration with pyloroplasty can be considered as an alternative method of treatment. It has been verified that in complicated duodenal ulcers, exteriorization and suturing of the ulcer have the lowest efficiency. The most frequently used method of duodenal ulcers of any localization treatment was excision of the ulcer with pyloroplasty. 6 (41.8 ± 0.053%).patients had been operated on by this method. In the second place in terms of universality was ulcer’s suturing with pyloroplasty - 22 patients or (25.5 ± 0.047%). The third was the method of exteriorization and suturing of ulcers, which accounted for 10 patients (11.6 ± 0.034%).
Dynamics of changes in the ultrastructural characteristics of the mucosa and cartilage of the larynx of rats at the end of 35 and 42 days of experimental opioid exposure and after 56 days with opioid withdrawal
Authors: Ivasivka K. , Paltov E. , Masna Z. , Chelpanova I.
Published: November 2021

In our work, we studied the ultrastructural organization of rat laryngeal mucosa and cartilage at the end of 35 and 42 days of experimental opioid exposure and at the end of 56 days with opioid withdrawal. As a result of our study at the end of the 35th day at the ultrastructural level revealed hypersecretion of goblet cells, mucus contained impurities of lymphocytes, single neutrophils and erythrocytes. In the enlarged lumens of the hemocapillaries of the lamina propria of the mucous membrane and submucosal base of different parts of the larynx, the adhesion of erythrocytes was noted. At the end of 42 days in rats, the changes were characterized by moderate damage to cytoplasmic organelles in epitheliocytes. Alternative changes developed in the chondrocytes of elastic and hyaline cartilages. Marked by an increase in the number of active fibroblasts, next to which were numerous fibrils of collagen fibers. The main substance of connective tissue, near dilated vessels, was impregnated with transudate, which was accompanied by the development of perivasal edema. Glycogen grains and vacuoles filled with neutral fats were visualized in the cytoplasm of chondrocytes.At the end of 56 days in rats with two-week withdrawal of the opioid analgesic, we found the development of alternative processes in the epitheliocytes of different parts of the larynx, as well as in chondrocytes, especially in elastic cartilage. Dyscirculatory processes in vessels of own plate of a mucous membrane and a submucous basis of various departments of a larynx were registered. Necrotic changes developed in the columnar epitheliocytes of the submucosal mucosa. Mitochondria swelled, their matrix brightened, cristae collapsed.

The results of the article correspond to the research plan of  Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University and are part of the research topic of the Department of Normal Anatomy "Morphofunctional features of organs in pre - and postnatal periods of ontogenesis, under the influence of opioids, food supplements, reconstructive surgery and obesity" 0120U002129) during 2020 - 2024.
Peculiarities of industrial nature management in the conditions of modern decentralization
Authors: Nazaruk Mykola , Halianta Lidiia
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the features of industrial development in modern decentralization.

Materials and methods. This study is based on the study of literature sources that characterize the problems of industrial nature management, features of development and operation, geospatial features of industry. The most well-known literary sources are analyzed, namely monographs, reporting materials, articles, reports concerning the problems of industrial nature management in the conditions of modern decentralization.

Results. Decentralization contributes to the development of the economy, as the authorities respond more quickly to the demands and needs of society. Decentralization processes are improving the so-called investment climate, resulting in economic growth. That is why it is important to consider the factors influencing the development of industry in today's decentralization. We highlight the political and legal, economic, socio-demographic, technological factors of industrial development. On their example, we will consider features of development of the industry in the conditions of modern decentralization.

Conclusion. The analysis of development factors and structural transformations in industry has revealed a number of sharp contradictions that create many risks for the existence of the industry itself, as well as the economy and social sphere of the country. This poses a number of serious challenges to the country to overcome such contradictions as: the inconsistency of the general trend of the industry with the development of world industry in structural and technological terms; continuation of structural and organizational degradation of production with preservation of its export-raw material orientation and corresponding dependence on external conditions; increasing technological simplification and primitivization of production; inconsistency of domestic production with the needs of the population; the progressive decline of processing industries, including high-tech and fund-generating, for the domestic consumer market; high depreciation of fixed assets and unattractive investment of the industry, including for foreign investors; remoteness of the financial sector from servicing long-term investment needs of production; "Conservative" distribution of investment resources; lack of a mechanism for redistribution of investment resources in favor of promising industries. The identified contradictions and the resulting risks to the further functioning of the industry must be resolved as soon as possible for progressive changes and industrial development in the future.
Towards to the mind-body problem
Authors: Skowron Adam , Sytnik-Czetwertyński Janusz
Published: November 2021

The mind-body problem is one of the most difficult challenges of modern science. An

interesting attempt at providing a reductionist model of reality was made in the 18th century

by Ruder Josip Bošković. The attractiveness of this model lies in the fact that it does not

readily fit into any of the above categorizations. Although frequently associated with the third

- a fact that laid it open to violent criticism, causing the philosopher serious trouble - it stands

apart as an independent theory. For, according to Bošković, reality is neither material nor

spiritual. Nor is it a union of both of these orders.
Epidemiologia raka jelita grubego (C18-C21) w Polsce
Authors: Jaroszyńska Zuzanna , Wiśniewska Katarzyna
Published: November 2021

Wprowadzenie i cel: Rak jelita grubego (C18-C21) jest jednym z najczęściej występujących nowotworów złośliwych w polskiej populacji. Celem niniejszej pracy była analiza sytuacji epidemiologicznej raka jelita grubego w Polsce, której dokonano na podstawie danych epidemiologicznych, opublikowanych przez Krajowy Rejestr Nowotworów, Narodowy Instytut Onkologii im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy oraz ECIS – European Cancer Information System.

Opis stanu wiedzy: Rak jelita grubego był w Polsce w 2018 roku trzecim co do częstości występowania nowotworem złośliwym, na który zapadają mężczyźni i drugim najczęściej diagnozowanym nowotworem złośliwym u kobiet. W tym samym roku w Polsce zarejestrowano niemal 12,5 tys. zgonów z powodu raka jelita grubego. Nowotwór ten stanowił wówczas drugą wśród mężczyzn i trzecią wśród kobiet najczęstszą przyczynę zgonów z powodu nowotworów złośliwych. Pod względem wskaźników 5 letnich przeżyć dla pacjentów chorych na raka jelita grubego, mimo obserwowanej na przestrzeni lat poprawy, Polska wciąż zajmuje jedno z ostatnich miejsc w Europie.

Wnioski: Rak jelita grubego, ze względu na rozpowszechnienie, stanowi poważny problem zdrowotny polskiego społeczeństwa. Skala zachorowań i zgonów z powodu tych nowotworów, mimo rozwijającej się wiedzy medycznej oraz poprawy dostępności do nowoczesnych metod diagnostycznych i terapeutycznych, wciąż jest niepokojąca. Istnieje pilna potrzeba zintensyfikowania działań w obszarze profilaktyki przeciwnowotworowej na poziomie populacyjnym.
New aspects of pedagogical activity in the distant form of pathological physiology teaching to medical university students
Authors: Vastyanov R. , Yermuraki P. , Stoyanov A. , Tiron O. , Beseda Ya. , Ostapenko I. , Dobrovolsky V. , Lapshin D. , Stecenko A.
Published: November 2021

Distance learning (DL) is a completely new and unique form of education, which got forced to switch to by the current pandemic of coronavirus disease.

Note that until now, distance learning technologies have been used at the department of general and clinical pathological physiology and some other departments of the Odessa National Medical University (ONMedU).

The aim of this analytical article is to analyze the efficacy of ONMedU General and Clinical Pathological Physiology Department staff during the one and a half year period of the coronavirus infection pandemic with an accent to psychological approach to students modified teaching. The urgent need of time and the primary desire to protect students and their own lives during 2020-2021 requires us to improve our own pedagogical approaches in the further on-line teaching of students.

We see success in systematic methodological work with students, the implementation of which will make it possible to evoke and increase their motivation to study histology. The importance of this methodological technique, supported in the senior years of medical universities by the integration of teaching theoretical and clinical disciplines, the approximation of teaching to specific clinical cases will help optimize the assimilation of morphological knowledge by students at least and, undoubtedly, in the near future will lead to a better assimilation of clinical disciplines.

In connection with the ideas of individualized and developmental learning, the use of psychological capabilities of learning tools in the virtual environment brings both pedagogy and psychology to a new level of understanding the mediation of mental, creative, communicative and executive learning and learning activities.

The use of distance learning helps the students to acquire skills of independent work, creates comfortable conditions for creativity, increases the creative and intellectual potential of the student through self-organization, the ability to interact with computer technology and make responsible decisions, creates favorable conditions for individual creative expression in the process of learning, for the development of the student's personality.

The authors are convinced that the optimization and improvement of the educational process in medical universities is to draw students' attention to the problems that the medical community is dealing with on a daily basis today.
Long-term consequences of traumatic brain injuries with ice-hockey players
Authors: Sekretnyi Volodymyr , Nekhanevych Oleh
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Significant part of sports related concussions (SRC) are below the level of clinical diagnosis of SRC or are unnoticed. The most severe cumulative consequence of SRC is chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The study of a wide range of clinical manifestations of CTE plays an important role.

Purpose

To establish long-term cognitive consequences of TBI in ice hockey players.

Material and methods

Retrospectively, we tested retired 20 ice hockey players. All athletes completed a questionnaire with their team doctor, which included: passport part, sports history, history of SRC, a mini mental scale evaluation (MMSE) and «the clock drawing test».

Results

The results of the analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in the value of MMSE with an increase in SRC more than 1 during a sports career. Thus, in the group with 1 SRC the value of MMSE was 28.7 (1.38) points, while in the group with 2 or more SMS it was equal to 26.7 (1.15) points (p <0.05). MMSE goalkeepers scored 26.6 (0.6) points, strikers – 27.8 (0.4) points, defenders – 28.2 (0.7) points (p<0.05). The fact of hospitalization indicates clinically significant severity of a history of SRC. Having retrospectively collected data on hospitalization of hockey players after SRC, there was also a decrease in the value of MMSE in those with a history of hospitalization. Thus, in the group of people with hospitalization MMSE was 27.1 (1.39) points, without hospitalization – 27.9 (1.7). No statistically relationship between age and severity of cognitive impairment was found. Significant statistic connection (n = 20, correlation coefficient rs = – 0.40; p<0.05) has been found between the number of SRC and the indicator and MMSE test and between number of SRC and «the clock drawing test» (n = 20, correlation coefficient rs = – 0.10; p <0.05).

Conclusions

Our study has outlined connection between cognitive impairment in ice-hockey players and SRC.
Izdebski A., Średniowieczni Rzymianie i Przyproda. Interdyscyplinarna historia środowiskowa
Authors: Pawlak Marcin
Published: November 2021

Omówienie pracy A. Izdebskiego, Średniowieczni Rzymianie i Przyroda. Interdyscyplinarna historia środowiskowa.
Gatekeeping jako strategia immunizacyjna w fandomach transformujących na przykładzie środowiska fanek Star Treka
Authors: Urbańczyk Agnieszka
Published: November 2021

Niniejszy tekst stanowi propozycję biopolitycznej interpretacji fanowskiego gatekeepingu jako formy immunizacji, która ma na celu obronę tożsamości grupy przed prawdziwymi bądź wyimaginowanymi zagrożeniami niesionymi przez nowych fanów. Praktyka zostaje omówiona na przykładzie środowiska w rozważaniach nad gatekeepingiem zazwyczaj ignorowanego – fandomu transformującego (transformative fandom), a szczególnie najsilniej sfeminizowanego środowiska twórczyń i czytelniczek fanfikcji. Mechanizmy immunizacyjne omówione zostają na przykładzie reakcji zgromadzonego na platformie LiveJournal fandomu Star Treka w 2009 roku, kiedy to po premierze rebootu franczyzy doszło do masowego napływu nowych fanek. W artykule przywołana jest historia fandomu Star Treka jako wyłonionego w wyniku gatekeepingu oraz przeanalizowana zostaje działalność dyskursywna fanek dłużej znajdujących się w środowisku, które stawiały nowicjuszkom wymagania niekiedy niemożliwe do zrealizowania. W końcowej części tekstu zmiana paradygmatu gatekeepingu (od dopuszczania bądź odmawiania publikacji do kontroli populacji fandomu) zostaje powiązana z rozpowszechnieniem technologii Web 2.0, która umożliwiła publikację wszystkim użytkownikom.
Między interpretacją a moralnością. Anty-shiperzy we współczesnym fandomie medialnym
Authors: Ciesielska Dominika , Rutkowska Maria
Published: November 2021

Shipowanie jako jedna z najpopularniejszych praktyk fanowskich jest silnie nacechowana afektywnie i przypisywane są jej różne znaczenia. Zindywidualizowane interpretowanie przez fanów tekstu źródłowego i odmienne shipy, jakie na nich bazują, rodzą konflikty i rozłamy wewnątrz fandomów. Na gruncie tego wyłoniło się zjawisko anty-shipowania oraz wojen shiperskich. Niniejszy artykuł, skupiający się na fandomie medialnym, ma na celu prześledzenie tej problematyki poprzez przedstawienie dyskusji i kłótni fandomowych, które motywowane są emocjami dotyczącymi shipów: od wojen shiperskich prowadzonych przez shiperów konkurujących ze sobą pairingów po anty-shiperów kierowanych pobudkami moralnymi w postaci przybliżenia fandomowej problematyki puritywank oraz anty-shiperów pairingów celebrytów. Wykorzystując badania z zakresu fan studies oraz media studies, autorki starają się odnaleźć motywację i pobudki dla, niekiedy skrajnych, zachowań anty-shiperów. Mają na celu ukazać niejednolitość fandomu medialnego oraz to, jakim ważnym elementem w byciu fanem jest własna interpretacja tekstu źródłowego oraz ulubiony ship.
Toxic YouTubers “hated” by Doctor Who? Animating multiphrenic incarnations of Not My Doctor anti-fandom
Authors: Hills Matt
Published: November 2021

This article considers how popular/spreadable misogyny enters into Doctor Who fans’ discourse communities via fan-cultural appropriation, mixing external political and internal fan discourses. This can oppose fannish communal norms such as “convivial evaluation” and “ante-fandom”. The theoretical perspective taken in the article combines work on toxic fandom with anti-fandom to thus understand fan toxicity as “multiphrenic”, i.e. drawing on multiple discourses and self-investments, including responding to its own anti-fans. The article goes on to examine YouTube voiceover-commentary videos from one communally-prominent Whotuber representing Not My Doctor anti-fandom, showing how they use devices such as the acousmetre and “stripped down” subjectivity to open a projective space for toxic fandom and enact a flat affect characterising what is termed “performative rationality”. Crucially, leftwing narratives of toxicity and hate are completely inverted to the extent that Doctor Who and the BBC are presumed, without evidence, to “hate” straight white male conservative fandom.
Scalable Optimization Methods for Incorporating Spatiotemporal Fractionation into Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Planning
Authors: Adibi Ali , Salari Ehsan
Published: November 2021

It has been recently shown that an additional therapeutic gain may be achieved if a radiotherapy plan is altered over the treatment course using a new treatment paradigm referred to in the literature as spatiotemporal fractionation. Because of the nonconvex and large-scale nature of the corresponding treatment plan optimization problem, the extent of the potential therapeutic gain that may be achieved from spatiotemporal fractionation has been investigated using stylized cancer cases to circumvent the arising computational challenges. This research aims at developing scalable optimization methods to obtain high-quality spatiotemporally fractionated plans with optimality bounds for clinical cancer cases. In particular, the treatment-planning problem is formulated as a quadratically constrained quadratic program and is solved to local optimality using a constraint-generation approach, in which each subproblem is solved using sequential linear/quadratic programming methods. To obtain optimality bounds, cutting-plane and column-generation methods are combined to solve the Lagrangian relaxation of the formulation. The performance of the developed methods are tested on deidentified clinical liver and prostate cancer cases. Results show that the proposed method is capable of achieving local-optimal spatiotemporally fractionated plans with an optimality gap of around 10%–12% for cancer cases tested in this study.

Summary of Contribution: The design of spatiotemporally fractionated radiotherapy plans for clinical cancer cases gives rise to a class of nonconvex and large-scale quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problems, the solution of which requires the development of efficient models and solution methods. To address the computational challenges posed by the large-scale and nonconvex nature of the problem, we employ large-scale optimization techniques to develop scalable solution methods that find local-optimal solutions along with optimality bounds. We test the performance of the proposed methods on deidentified clinical cancer cases. The proposed methods in this study can, in principle, be applied to solve other QCQP formulations, which commonly arise in several application domains, including graph theory, power systems, and signal processing.
Hedging on the Hill: Does Political Hedging Reduce Firm Risk?
Authors: Christensen Dane M. , Jin Hengda , Sridharan Suhas A. , Wellman Laura A.
Published: November 2021

We examine whether firms’ political hedging activities are effective at mitigating political risk. Focusing on the risk induced by partisan politics, we measure political hedging as the degree to which firms’ political connections are balanced across Republican and Democratic candidates. We find that greater political hedging is associated with reduced stock return volatility, particularly during periods of higher policy uncertainty. Similarly, greater political hedging is associated with reduced crash risk, investment volatility, and earnings volatility. Moreover, the reduction in earnings volatility appears to relate to both a firm’s taxes and its operating activities, as we find that greater political hedging is associated with reduced cash effective tax rate volatility and pretax income volatility. We further find investors are better able to anticipate future earnings for firms that engage in political hedging, suggesting that political hedging helps improve firms’ information environments. Lastly, we perform an event study using President Obama’s Clean Power Plan. We find that on the days this policy proposal was debated in Congress, energy and utility firms experienced heightened intraday return volatility (relative to other firms and nonevent days). However, this heightened volatility is mitigated for energy and utility firms that are more politically hedged. Overall, we conclude that political hedging is an effective risk management tool that helps mitigate firm risk.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Coping with Digital Extortion: An Experimental Study of Benefit Appeals and Normative Appeals
Authors: Chen Kay-Yut , Wang Jingguo , Lang Yan
Published: November 2021

Digital extortion has emerged as a significant threat to organizations that rely on information technologies for their operations. Using human subject experimentation, we study the effectiveness of message appeals in encouraging defenders to adopt two mitigation strategies, investment in security and refusal to pay ransoms, to digital extortion threats. We explore two types of appeals, benefit and normative, for this purpose. We find that the decisions of the defenders (representing any organization that can be a potential victim) deviate from the predictions of game theory. However, given the strategic interactions between the defenders and the attacker as well as noisy decision-making behaviors, it is challenging to untangle the influence of the appeals on the defenders. We develop a structural model based on the quantal response equilibrium framework to measure how message appeals change the defenders’ utilities of investment and payment refusal. Although the interventions may be successful in increasing the utilities of investment and/or payment refusal, their impacts on investment rate and payment rate are mitigated by the attacker reducing ransoms. Thus, it is challenging for an intervention to significantly boost a community’s investment rate or to suppress the ransom payment rate. We characterize how security outcomes of a community (including expected ransom, attack rate, investment rate, and payment rate) vary with the defenders’ utilities of investment and pay refusal.

This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Open Source Collaboration in Digital Entrepreneurship
Authors: Lin Yu-Kai , Maruping Likoebe M.
Published: November 2021

Emerging digital technologies give rise to digital entrepreneurship and the widespread phenomenon of open source collaboration (OSC) on GitHub for entrepreneurial pursuits. Although openness is a common theme in digital entrepreneurship, it is unclear how digital startups—that is, startups that that have digital artifacts at the core of their business model for value creation and capture—actually realize value from their OSC engagement. We develop a theoretical framework to explain how the engagement in OSC may affect the value of digital startups and how the effect is contingent on the stage of venture maturity (conception, commercialization, or growth) and the mode of OSC engagement (inbound or outbound). In analyses that pool 17,552 matched digital startups with monthly panel observations between 2008 and 2017, we find digital startups in the conception and commercialization stages benefit more from inbound OSC whereas the ones in the growth stage benefit more from outbound OSC. As digital startups increasingly use OSC for ideation, experimentation, and scaling, our contribution is to show whether, when, and how knowledge flows through OSC might affect the value of digital startups. We discuss implications for research on organizing for digital entrepreneurship as well as open innovation.
Departure Time Choice Equilibrium and Tolling Strategies for a Bottleneck with Stochastic Capacity
Authors: Long Jiancheng , Yang Hai , Szeto W. Y.
Published: November 2021

This paper develops a bottleneck model in which the capacity of the bottleneck is assumed to be stochastic and follow a general distribution that has a positive upper bound. The user equilibrium principle in terms of mean trip cost is adopted to formulate commuters’ departure time choice in the stochastic bottleneck. We find that there exist five possible equilibrium departure patterns, which depend on both commuters’ unit costs of travel time, schedule delay early and late, and the uncertainty of the stochastic capacity of the bottleneck. All possible equilibrium departure patterns are analytically derived. Both the analytical and numerical results show that increasing the uncertainty of the capacity of the bottleneck leads to an increase of commuters’ individual mean trip cost. In addition, both a time-varying toll scheme and a single-step coarse toll scheme are designed within the proposed stochastic bottleneck model. We provide an analytical method to determine the detailed toll-charging schemes for both toll strategies. The numerical results show that the proposed toll schemes can indeed improve the efficiency of the stochastic bottleneck in terms of decreasing mean total social cost, and the time-varying toll scheme is more efficient than the single-step coarse toll scheme. However, as the uncertainty of the capacity of the bottleneck increases, the efficiency of the time-varying toll scheme decreases, whereas the efficiency of the single-step coarse toll scheme fluctuates slightly.
Mixed Cryoglobulinaemia Vasculitis Treated with Obinutuzumab in a Patient Allergic to Rituximab
Authors: Gaudencio Margarida , Parente Catarina , Lameiras Ana Catarina , Marinho António
Published: November 2021

Cryoglobulinaemia is defined as the presence of cryoglobulins in the serum, which are immunoglobulins that reversibly precipitate and form a gel when the temperature is <37ºC. Autoimmune diseases such as Sjogren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis could be associated with mixed cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis (MCV). The treatment of MCV generally consists of glucocorticoids, cytotoxic agents such as cyclophosphamide, plasmapheresis or anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies including rituximab. Here, we present a case of a 60-year-old woman who developed type II MCV in the context of overlap autoimmune disease and who has been treated with a new anti-CD20 agent, obinutuzumab.
Produksi Batik Motif Kelautan di Kampung Jetis Sidoarjo
Authors: Sujantoko Sujantoko , Mustain Mahmud , Armono Haryo Dwito , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Murdjito Murdjito , Sholihin Sholihin , Zikra Muhammad , Kurniati Nani
Published: November 2021

Motif Batik merupakan hasil dari cipta, rasa dan karsa manusia yang diekspresikannya melalui kegiatan membatik. Setiap motif yang dibuat pada kain Batik memiliki nilai-nilai filosofis yang terkandung di dalamnya. Guna menumbuh-kembangkan motif Batik di Kampung Jetis Sidoarjo sebagai pusat kegiatan Batik tulis di Jawa Timur, perlu dijaga kelestariannya dengan cara menumbuhkan minat dan gairah pada generasi muda. Salah satu upaya adalah melalui pengenalan variasi Batik motif kelautan, mulai proses desain dan produksi Batik tersebut. Harapannya agar pengrajin dan masyarakat tetap menjadikan Batik sebagai produk unggulan dan warisan budaya Nusantara.