bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unique cellulose/polydimethylsiloxane blends as an advanced hybrid material for organic solvent nanofiltration and pervaporation membranes
Authors: Puspasari Tiara , Chakrabarty Tina , Genduso Giuseppe , Peinemann Klaus-Viktor
Published: June 2018

A novel method for the preparation of cellulose–polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) blend membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) and ethanol pervaporation is presented.
Boron-doped graphene quantum dot/Ag–LaFeO3 p–p heterojunctions for sensitive and selective benzene detection
Authors: Zhang Yumin , Rong Qian , Zhao Jianhong , Zhang Jin , Zhu Zhongqi , Liu Qingju
Published: June 2018

Benzene imprinting and compositing with BGQDs give Ag–LaFeO3 both high selectivity and low operating temperature to benzene.
Enhanced vascularization of PCL porous scaffolds through VEGF-Fc modification
Authors: Xu Ke , Zhu Chuanshun , Xie Jinghui , Li Xiaoning , Zhang Yan , Yao Fanglian , Gu Zhongwei , Yang Jun
Published: June 2018

VEGF-Fc interface improves the vascularization of PCL scaffolds by enhancing HUVEC proliferation and migration through activating VEGFR/Pi3k and VEGFR/MAPK pathways.
Chemically driven isothermal closed space vapor transport of MoO2: thin films, flakes and in situ tellurization
Authors: de Melo O. , García-Pelayo L. , González Y. , Concepción O. , Manso-Silván M. , López-Nebreda R. , Pau J. L. , González J. C. , Climent-Font A. , Torres-Costa V.
Published: June 2018

A chemically driven closed space vapor transport procedure has been devised to grow films or flakes of pure MoO2.
Strategy to modulate the π-bridged units in bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine-based hole-transporting materials for improvement of perovskite solar cell performance
Authors: Liu Hongyuan , Liu Xiaorui
Published: June 2018

A strategy to modulate the π-bridged units in bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine-based molecules for improving the performance of perovskite solar cells was provided.
Edge effect factor affecting the tribological properties in water of protrusion surface textures on stainless steel
Authors: Wu Xingyang , Ge Zhou , Niu Haozhi , Ruan Jingjie , Zhang Jianhua
Published: June 2018

Surface textures have been demonstrated to have a positive effect on the friction reduction. However, sharp edges of the normally textured patterns usually cause stress concentration and severe wear during sliding, especially for non‐conformal contacting pairs. In this study, protrusion‐type textures were fabricated at different area ratios on stainless steel discs and edge profiling was performed for the protrusions, and friction tests were conducted in water to investigate the tribological properties. The results show that the friction was reduced markedly by edge profiling due to the formation of wedge contact and improvement of lubricant supply to the contact interfaces under low load. Under high load, severe wear destroyed the wedge contact resulting in high friction as those of the normally textured pairs. High area ratio exhibited better friction reduction effect. The stress analysis via ANSYS indicated that much high stress concentrated at the edges of the protrusions and could be reduced significantly by edge profiling.
Adaptive composite non‐linear feedback‐based sliding mode control for non‐linear systems
Authors: Mollabashi H. E. , Mazinan A. H.
Published: June 2018

An adaptive composite non‐linear feedback based sliding mode controller is proposed for a class of non‐linear systems comprising uncertainty terms. In these cases, it is theoretically proved that the trajectory of the closed‐loop system converges to the sliding surface in a finite‐time manner. Also, by the means of numerical linear matrix inequality technique, the stability of the non‐linear system along the sliding surface is turned to an linear matrix inequality problem. By solving such problem, the unknown matrix of the sliding surface and composite non‐linear feedback based sliding mode controller is obtained. Finally, to show the merits of the proposed approach, it is applied to practical non‐linear DC servomotor.
Impact of DFIG‐based wind farm integration on sub‐synchronous torsional interaction between HVDC and thermal generators
Authors: Gao Benfeng , Hu Yunting , Song Ruihua , Li Ren , Zhang Xuewei , Yang Lin , Zhao Shuqiang
Published: June 2018

In western China, large‐scale wind power is generally bundled with thermal power, and transmitted to eastern China by high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. This constitutes the wind–thermal bundled system transmitted by HVDC (WTBH). In this study, a typical studied system of WTBH is presented, and its models for eigenvalue analysis are introduced. To improve the efficiency of eigenvalue analysis, an improved block modelling method is proposed for building the state‐space model of WTBH. By eigenvalue analysis and electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation, the impact of doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind farm integration on sub‐synchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) between thermal generators (TGs) and HVDC was investigated. The sensitivity of the operating parameters of DFIG‐based wind farms was analysed, including wind speed, wind farm scale, and distance between the wind farm and HVDC rectifier station. The obtained results show that the integration of DFIG‐based wind farms can mitigate the SSTI between the TG and HVDC. The system becomes more stable as the wind speed and wind farm scale increase or the distance between the wind farm and HVDC rectifier station decreases. The conclusions of this study are validated through EMT simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC, and provide theoretical reference for practical WTBH projects.
Deep learning‐based approach to latent overlapped fingerprints mask segmentation
Authors: Stojanović Branka , Marques Oge , Nešković Aleksandar
Published: June 2018

Overlapped fingerprints can be potentially present in several civil applications and criminal investigations. Segmentation of overlapped fingerprints is a required step in the process of fingerprint separation and subsequent verification. Overlapped fingerprint segmentation is performed manually (and the resulting manually drawn masks are a required additional input) in all of the overlapped latent fingerprints separation approaches in the literature, which make them only semi‐automatic. This study proposes a novel overlapped fingerprint mask segmentation approach, thereby filling that gap in the development of fully automated fingerprint separation solutions. The proposed method uses convolutional neural networks to classify image blocks into three classes – background, single region, and overlapped region. The proposed approach shows satisfactory performance on three different datasets and opens the door for full automation of fingerprint separation algorithms, which is a very promising research area.
Factories of the future: operation and perspectives of development
Authors: Chang Paul , Kaledina Diana , Popovich Anatoly , Volkov Andrey
Published: June 2018

The role of automation in industrial development was highlighted. We discussed the significance of automation for creating the factory of the future. We presented the basic criteria of efficiency of automated factories. We analyzed the experience of creating automated factories, indicated the basic scientific-technical problems related to automation of production and suggested the ways to overcome them. We listed the basic factors of scientific-technical progress that should be the basis for automation of production and indicated its basic elements. We showed the role of technological equipment, tools and accessories. We analyzed the results of state support of industry.
Socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space in the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Didenko Nikolay , Skripnuk Djamilia
Published: June 2018

The article states the new technical basis of production, which is socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space, and also analyzes the current state of studies on the problem regarding the development of socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space. The concepts definition is described – socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space. The paper proposes to take the target subspaces of the Arctic territory of the Russian Federation as a territory for application of socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space. There are seven types of target subspaces for the Arctic development as the targets for the ideology of socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space: base cities, mobile filed camps, territories for mineral resources extraction, recreational areas, fishing grounds, northern sea route, safe existence protection infrastructure. The article outlines the concept of building socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space. The global conceptual goal of the Russian Arctic development is stated as a transition to the functioning of the Arctic zone in the mode of sustainable development on the basis of socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space. The targeted integrated programs have been conceptually selected as a tool for arrangement and management of the socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space development in the target sub-spaces of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
Business model for Smart Hospital health organization
Authors: Ilin Igor , Iliyaschenko Oksana , Konradi Alexandra
Published: June 2018

Modern trends in the society development such as population growth, increase of longevity, development of medical technologies and trend of business digitalization require adaptation of the services offered by health organizations to the new conditions. The health organizations management shall form a development strategy, and therefore, form and continuously improve the business model taking into account the dynamically changing environment, new technologies, legislation, etc. for successful positioning in the market, saving and developing the value of the services offered in the health care sector. The article provides a reference business model of a health organization based on the Smart Hospital concept. While implementing this concept, the health organization relies on a new computing infrastructure based on mobile and cloud technologies, large data and analytics, Internet of things (IoT), new achievements in machine learning. These revolutionary technologies enable the health organization to drastically change the business models and create new products and services in the health care.
Esse homo or еsse kiborg: Anthropologic perspective in the information technology world
Authors: Lebedev Sergey , Lobastova Vera , Samylov Oleg , Simonenko Tatyana
Published: June 2018

The article traces a transition from non-classical understanding of the digital world as reality created by people to develop tools for resolution of theoretical and practical tasks to postnonclassical awareness of information space as distant from people. It has been shown that the digital reality arising out of the subjective world of people and increasingly acquires independent and self-sustaining existence. The information revolution expands the artificial world as interactive and makes actual a new type of interaction of a human being with the world, with himself or herself and other people. Interpersonal communication acquires a digital nature and loses direct connection with certain people dealing with a great number of technical gate-keepers. A man begins to form a template, fragmentary mind-set, which blunts the criticality and reflectivity in perceiving the world. All this makes the education a priority in the development of society, clearly defines its targets related to the formation and development of human potential for each subject of education.
Spektral-Doppler-Sonografie – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Bönhof Leoni , Steffgen Ludwig , Bönhof Jörg
Published: June 2018

Step by step explanation and detailed overview of the correct approach to spectral-Doppler-sonography, including several practical examples. The article provides comprehensive explanations of the appropriate settings in different situations.
Sicherheitskultur in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie – wo stehen wir heute?
Authors: Münzberg Matthias , Rüsseler Miriam , Egerth Martin , Doepfer Anna , Mutschler Manuel , Stange Richard , Bouillon Bertil , Kladny Bernd , Hoffmann Reinhard
Published: June 2018

Einleitung Die Entwicklung einer neuen Sicherheitskultur in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie erfordert die Kenntnis der Ausgangslage. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es daher, anhand einer Umfrage die subjektive Einschätzung von Orthopäden und Unfallchirurgen zu Häufigkeit und Ursachen von „Unsicherheiten“ bzw. Fehlern in der täglichen Praxis zu erheben.

Methoden Basierend auf der vorhandenen Literatur wurde durch ein Expertenteam ein Onlinefragebogen (insgesamt 26 Fragen) erstellt und im April 2015 an alle aktiven Mitglieder einer Fachgesellschaft (DGOU) per E-Mail verschickt. Es folgten 2 Erinnerungsmails. Die Umfrage wurde Ende Mai 2015 beendet. Die Ergebnisse wurden elektronisch, anonym und freiwillig übermittelt, in einer Datenbank erfasst und mittels univariater Analysen evaluiert.

Ergebnisse 799 aktive Mitglieder der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie nahmen an der Umfrage teil. 65% der Befragten gaben an, mindestens einmal wöchentlich Fehler im eigenen klinischen Arbeitsumfeld zu erkennen. Als wesentliche Ursachen dieser Fehler wurden „Zeitdruck“, „mangelnde Kommunikation“, „Personalmangel“ und „Stress“ genannt. Technische Fehler oder mangelndes Wissen als Ursache von Fehlern wurden nicht auf den ersten Plätzen aufgeführt.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Umfrage zeigte, dass Fehler in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie regelmäßig beobachtet werden. Der „Faktor Mensch“ wurde als wesentliche Ursache eingeschätzt. Um eine neue Sicherheitskultur in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie zu entwickeln, sollte daher der Faktor Mensch im Mittelpunkt neuer Konzepte stehen.
Personaluntergrenzen: Denkfaul!
Authors: Bornemeier Olaf
Published: June 2018

Gesetzlich vorgeschriebene Personaluntergrenzen sowohl im ärztlichen als auch im pflegerischen Bereich scheinen das Gebot der Stunde zu sein. Die Vertreter dieser Auffassung argumentieren, dass sich hiermit sowohl die Qualität als auch die Sicherheit der Patientenversorgung steigern lasse. Diese Argumentationslinie ist jedoch nicht nur falsch, sondern auch gefährlich.
DRK-Schwesternschaften: Die Ruhe trügt
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: June 2018

Mit der Änderung des DRK-Gesetzes im Juli 2017 scheint der arbeitsrechtliche Konflikt um den Einsatz von Rotkreuz-Schwestern in deutschen Kliniken beigelegt. Doch der eigentliche Streit schwelt weiter. Verdi hat inzwischen Beschwerde bei der EU-Kommission eingelegt.
Europäischer Gesundheitskongress München: Aufbruch im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Küng Claudia
Published: June 2018

Nicht nur in Deutschland stehen gravierende Veränderungen des Gesundheitswesens an. Die digitale Revolution, die demografische Entwicklung und steigende Ausgaben zwingen die Gesundheitspolitik, die Leistungserbringer und die Kostenträger dazu, traditionelle Strukturen aufzubrechen. Das wird Thema beim Europäischen Gesundheitskongress in München.
Entlassmanagement: „Ohne zusätzliche Ressourcen nicht zu stemmen“
Authors: Khan Naseer
Published: June 2018

Im Oktober 2017 ist der Rahmenvertrag zum Entlassmanagement in Kraft getreten. Für Krankenhäuser bietet dessen Implementierung eine Chance, eigene Abläufe zu durchleuchten. Ohne finanzielle Unterstützung wird er sich aber nicht umsetzen lassen, so Naseer Khan, Leiter der Stabsstelle Patientenmanagement am Uniklinikum Frankfurt in seiner kritischen Analyse.
Sana bildet Demenz-Lotsen Aus: Fit für den Umgang mit dementen Patienten
Authors: Rackow-Freitag Bettina
Published: June 2018

Die Sana Kliniken haben ein flächendeckendes Schulungskonzept von Pflegenden zum Thema „Versorgung von Menschen mit kognitiven Einschränkungen“ eingeführt. Mehr als 70 Prozent der Pflegenden in der Somatik sind inzwischen geschult – und die Erfolge lassen sich bereits messen.
Studiengang Krankenhausplanungtechnik: Quo vadis KPT?
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: June 2018

Der Studiengang KrankenhausPlanungTechnik der Technischen Hochschule Mittelhessen hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten etliche Technische Leiter in den deutschen Krankenhäusern hervorgebracht. Jetzt drohen ihm die Studierenden auszugehen.
Trinkwasser-Installationen: Den Keimen auf der Spur
Authors: Christian Schauer
Published: June 2018

Das Aufspüren von Krankheitserregern in den komplexen Trinkwasser-Installationen der Krankenhäuser ist nicht einfach. Eine Beprobung, die zu aussagekräftigen Ergebnissen führt, wird durch eine Reihe von Faktoren beeinflusst. Dies belegen umfangreiche statistische Auswertungen und hygienisch-mikrobielle Untersuchungen.
Brandschutz in Aufzügen: Sicherheit auch im Notfal
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: June 2018

Nach seinem Vortrag auf dem 2. FKT-Brandschutztag 2018 stand der Aufzugexperte Hans-Joachim Werner für ein Gespräch über den Brandschutz in Aufzügen zur Verfügung.
Alloimmunization in Congenital Deficiencies of Platelet Surface Glycoproteins: Focus on Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia and Bernard–Soulier's Syndrome
Authors: d'Oiron Roseline , Poon Man-Chiu
Published: June 2018

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) and Bernard–Soulier's syndrome (BSS) are well-understood congenital bleeding disorders, showing defect/deficiency of platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa (integrin αIIbβ3) and GPIb-IX-V complexes respectively, with relevant clinical, laboratory, biochemical, and genetic features. Following platelet transfusion, affected patients may develop antiplatelet antibodies (to human leukocyte antigen [HLA], and/or αIIbβ3 in GT or GPIb-IX in BSS), which may render future platelet transfusion ineffective. Anti-αIIbβ3 and anti-GPIb-IX may also cross the placenta during pregnancy to cause thrombocytopenia and bleeding in the fetus/neonate. This review will focus particularly on the better studied GT to illustrate the natural history and complications of platelet alloimmunization. BSS will be more briefly discussed. Platelet transfusion, if unavoidable, should be given judiciously with good indications. Patients following platelet transfusion, and women during and after pregnancy, should be monitored for the development of platelet antibodies. There is now a collection of data suggesting the safety and effectiveness of recombinant activated factor VII in the management of affected patients with platelet antibodies.
Die zerebralen Venen- und Sinusthrombosen in der Geburtshilfe
Authors: Koller Th , Stamm H , Hauser G. A , Klingler M
Published: June 2018

An 37 Fällen der Literatur und 13 eigenen Beobachtungen werden die Symptome der zerebralen Venen- und Sinusthrombose beschrieben. Das erste ist meistens ein epileptischer Anfall, weniger häufig ist ein Beginn mit Kopfschmerzen oder Lähmungen. Die Krampfanfälle treten in den ersten 24 Stunden in den Vordergrund. Später dominieren die Lähmungen. Der Augenfundus und der Liquor können negativ sein. Pathologisch-anatomisch findet sich meistens eine Thrombose des Sinus sagittalis superior, nie eine solche des Sinus cavernosus. Die Ätiologie dürfte in einer autochthonen Thrombose liegen, weist doch das Wochenbett bekanntlich eine hohe Thrombosemorbidität auf. Altersverteilung, Parität und gehäuftes Auftreten nach schweren Geburten sprechen ebenfalls dafür. Die Differentialdiagnose ist oft schwierig.

Die Therapie muß meistens antithrombotisch, antiepileptisch und hirndruck-erniedrigend wirken. Prognostisch ist die Krankheit viel günstiger als der schwere akute Zustand vermuten läßt.
The Reduction of Platelet Cofactor II (Autoprothrombin II) Activity with Anticoagulants
Authors: Johnson Shirley A. , Seegers Walter H. , Koppel J. L , Olwin John H.
Published: June 2018

The total platelet cofactor activity in plasma and the platelet cofactor II activity in serum was measured. The normal variations are high. Some individuals have less serum platelet cofactor II than found in certain cases of PTC “deficiency”; and when the serum platelet cofactor II concentration was reduced to zero with the use of anticoagulants, there was no bleeding tendency observed. With the use of Sintrom and phenylindanedione, the total platelet cofactor activity of plasma was reduced and the platelet cofactor II activity of serum was reduced to near zero. With the latter drug platelet cofactor II of serum was still low 10 days after the drug was withdrawn. With Sintrom given intermittently the fluctuations in prothrombin concentration are noticeably more rapid than the changes in platelet cofactor II. In a preliminary study of other drugs, there were indications that platelet cofactor II concentration is not altered with some anticoagulants even though the prothrombin concentration is reduced. Apparently, the platelet cofactor II changes which occur are characteristic for each anticoagulant. The platelet cofactor I levels of the plasma are not appreciably, and most likely not at all altered by the drugs studied.
Anticoagulant Protection in Surgery
Authors: Storm Ole
Published: June 2018

An evaluation has been made as to whether it is possible to perform operations on patients with tumors of the lungs and with mitral stenosis when the prothrombin-proconvertin-level is reduced by the use of dicumarol. It has been shown that these operations may be performed without the risk of uncontrollable bleedings when prothrombin and proconvertin are reduced to a therapeutic effective level. The prophylaxis seems to protect the patients against the uncontrollable risk of postoperative thromboembolic accidents. The conditions necessary for performing these operations are: the daily control of the P-P.-level, a reliable method for the determination of prothrombin and proconvertin, a meticulous operative hemostasis and the availability of vitamin Kı.
Charakterisierung und Funktion eines Retraktions-Cofaktors
Authors: Hartert H , Lasch H. G , Pfisterer I
Published: June 2018

Die physiologischen Eigenschaften des Blutgerinnsels beruhen zu einem wesentlichen Teil auf seiner mechanischen Festigkeit. Seine Struktur wird primär bestimmt durch die Komponenten Fibrin und Thrombozyten. Wie sich in Untersuchungen mit dem Thrombelastographen und mit der Retraktion im Glase gezeigt hat, ist aber ein Gerinnsel, das aus Fibrinogen und Blutplättchen unter Zusatz von Thrombin und Calcium entstanden ist, von vergleichsweise minimaler mechanischer Festigkeit und nicht retrahierbar. Erst die Hinzufügung von Serum läßt ein normal festes und retrahierendes Gerinnsel entstehen.

Es wurde früher festgestellt, daß für diese Funktion des Serums offenbar ein eigenes, nicht mit einem der bekannten Gerinnungsfaktoren identisches Prinzip verantwortlich ist.

In den vorliegenden Untersuchungen wurde gefunden, daß dieser Faktor offenbar aus zwei Komponenten besteht, deren eine als Eiweißkörper, deren andere als physiologisches Ionenmilieu des Blutes charakterisiert ist. Der Proteinanteil dieses als Retraktions-Cofaktor bezeichneten Prinzips ist (a) relativ stabil gegen Lagerung und gegen Erhitzen, (b) instabil bei längerem Einfrieren; er ist (c) nicht adsorbierbar an Bariumsulfat, Bariumcarbonat und Aluminiumhydroxyd; (d) er gewinnt seine volle Aktivität erst während des Gerinnungsvorganges, gleichsinnig mit dem Prothrombinverbrauch; (e) sein isoelektrischer Punkt liegt bei pH 5,1 bis 5,3; (f) Serumpräzipitat von pH 5,1 bis 5,3 gewinnt bei Lösung in Kochsaft oder Uberstand seine Aktivität zurück.

Der Retraktions-Cofaktor ist ein Teilfaktor für die Entstehung der physiologischen Festigkeit des Blutgerinnsels. Ein ohne seine Mitwirkung entstandenes Fibringerinnsel ist extrem weich und retrahiert auch in Anwesenheit intakter Thrombozyten nicht.

Es läßt sich gegenwärtig noch nicht entscheiden, ob der Retraktions-Cofaktor neben der Verfestigung des Gerinnsels nur die Substratspezifität der Fibrinstruktur für den RetraktionsVorgang bewirkt, oder ob er auch ein Cofaktor des Plättchen-Retraktozyms ist.

Die Retraktion des Blutgerinnsels erscheint ohne einen Strukturwandel des Fibrins nicht möglich. Es wird daher die Hypothese aufgestellt, daß die mit den Plättchen in Berührung stehenden Anteile der Fibrinfasern sich an deren viskoser Metamorphose beteiligen und auf diese Weise verkürzt werden.
Propriétés coagulantes d’hémolysats erythrocytaires
Authors: Desmet V , Verstraete M , Vandenbroucke J
Published: June 2018

Conclusions

1. L’hémolysat érythrocytaire possède une activité coagulante, démontrée dans les tests globaux de la coagulation.

2. Cette activité ne peut pas être expliquée par une contamination plaquet-taire des préparations d’hémolysat.

3. L’hémolysat ne contient pas de thrombine, de prothrombine, facteur VII, facteur anti-hémophilique, ni de facteur IX. Il est par contre légèrement contaminé par le facteur V, probablement d’origine plasmatique.

4. L’activité de l’hémolysat est située surtout dans la première phase de la coagulation sanguine, c. à d. la formation de la thromboplastine. Son rôle est à peu près identique à celui du facteur thromboplastique des thrombocytes.

5. L’hémolysat préparé à partir du sang du cordon ombilical montre une activité très prononcée, qui n’est pas retrouvée dans le test de la formation de la thromboplastine.

6. Les hémolysats préparés du sang de différents animaux sont les plus actifs sur les plasmas de la même espèce.

7. Les hémolysats préparés du sang d’hémophiles du type A ou B, de malades atteints d’anémies hémolytiques, et de malades traités aux dérivés coumariniques ont une activité coagulante normale.
Blood Coagulation as a Continuous Process
Authors: Roos J
Published: June 2018

In order to study the phenomenon of spontaneous hemorrhages in cases of diminished clotting power, we performed an investigation with the aid of the electron-microscope by means of a replica technique, on the aspect of aorta endothelium in two groups of rabbits, the first with a normal clotting power, the second with a hypocoagulability. Comparison of these two groups revealed two points of discrepancy. In the first place, in all the preparations of normal rabbits we saw fibres lying perpendicular to the borderlines of endothelial cells. These fibres were hardly seen under conditions of hypocoagulability, which is one of the arguments for equating these filaments with fibrin. In the second place, the nuclei of endothelial cells were less prominent into the vascular lumen in hypocoagulability than in cases of normal clotting power. From these observations and from some theoretical arguments we came to the hypothesis that blood coagulation is a continuous process which lays down fibrin fibres on the endothelium and which influences the swelling of the cytoplasm of endothelial cells. We could not get more information concerning the problem of how erythrocytes can penetrate endothelium in cases of hypocoagulability by studying the aspect of the blood-urine barrier in the glomeruli in the same two groups of rabbits.
Zur diätetisch induzierten und postoperativen Thromboseneigung
Authors: Harders H
Published: June 2018

Sludged blood ist weder gleichbedeutend mit Thrombose, noch besagt sein Vorkommen, daß eine Thrombose besteht. Im Einzelfall ist daraus auch keine Voraussage abzuleiten, daß eine Thrombose entstehen wird.

Es kann aber nicht bezweifelt werden, daß dies Instabilitätsphänomen mit einer zunächst reversiblen Ballung von Blutelementen eine bedeutende Thrombosedisposition bewirkt, wenn andere Faktoren (Verhalten der Thrombozyten, Gerinnungsfähigkeit des Blutes, Verhalten der Gefäßwand und -lichtung u. a.) im gleichen Sinne wirken. Blutviskositätssteigerung, Strömungsverlangsamung, intravasale Blutsenkung mit Bildung von adhaerenten Massen an der klebrig veränderten Gefäßwand, Gefäßverschlüsse, Kombination mit Thrombo- und Leukozytenaggregation und gleichzeitige gesteigerte Gerinnbarkeit sind Teilaspekte des thrombogenetischen Mechanismus durch sludged blood. Diese Instabilität der Blutzusammensetzung ordnet sich also bezüglich ihrer thrombogenetischen Bedeutung unter die Rubrik „veränderte Blutbeschaffenheit” ein und steht mit den beiden anderen klassischen Bedingungen zur Thrombusbildung (behinderte Blutströmung und Gefäßwandschädigung) in pathogenetischer Wechselwirkung. An der ersten Anlage eines Thrombus können also auch Erythrozyten wesentlich beteiligt sein. Diese Thromboseanlage manifestiert sich im Blut durch zirkulierende Blutpfröpfe. Die Beobachtung des Blutes in den Bindehautgefäßen kann demnach, mit Kritik angewandt, einen zusätzlichen Indikator für eine Thromboseneigung liefern.
Die Steigerung der Kapillarpermeabilität durch Blutgerinnungsstörungen
Authors: Witte Siegfried
Published: June 2018

Der Einfluß des Blutgerinnungssystems auf die Kapillarpermeabilität wurde am lebenden Rattenmesenterium kapillarmikroskopisch durch Fluorochromierung der Plasmaproteine untersucht. Es fand sich regelmäßig eine Steigerung der Gefäßpermeabilität, wenn die Blutgerinnbarkeit vermindert wurde. Im einzelnen wurden folgende pathogenetisch verschiedenartigen Gerinnungsstörungen experimentell erzeugt: eine akute Thrombozytopenie durch Antiplättchenserum im Vergleich mit einer durch ein Antigeiäßserum hervorgerufenen Blutungsneigung, schwere Koagulopathien nach intravenöser Zufuhr von Thrombin, Trypsin, Neodymsulfoisonikotinat oder Heparin. In allen Versuchsgruppen entsprach die Steigerung der Kapillarpermeabilität etwa der Schwere der Gerinnungsstörung. Eine vorübergehende Thrombozytopenie, die für ca. 30 Min. nach Thrombin- und Trypsininfusion auftrat, hatte keinen sicheren zusätzlichen Einfluß auf die Gefäßdurchlässigkeit. Die immunologisch bedingte Thrombozytopenie führte jedoch zu einer schnellen und starken Permeabilitätssteigerung, die nicht immer mit den Zeichen der gesteigerten Gefäßfragilität parallel ging.

Als gerinnungsphysiologische Erklärung für die nachgewiesenen Zusammenhänge zwischen Blutgerinnung und Gefäßpermeabilität wird eine kontinuierlich intravasal ablaufende modifizierte Blutgerinnung angenommen, die über die endokapilläre plasmatische Grenzschicht die Permeabilität der Gefäßwand beeinflußt. Eine Störung des dynamischen Gerinnungsgleichgewichts im Sinne einer herabgesetzten Gerinnbarkeit verursacht eine Steigerung der Gefäßpermeabilität.

Die Einzeldaten der Untersuchungsbefunde können vom Verfasser angefordert werden.
Der Stuartfaktor während der Cumarintherapie
Authors: Hörder M.-H
Published: June 2018

Der Stuartfaktor wurde während der Behandlung mit einem 4-oxycumarin-derivat (Marcumar) bestimmt und Beziehungen zu der Prothrombin- und Faktor-VII-Erniedrigung aufgestellt. Besonders wurden die Zusammenhänge zwischen Stuartfaktor-Verminderung und der angestrebten Gerinnungszeitverlängerung besprochen.
The Determinant of the Prothrombin Time in Normal Human Plasma
Authors: Quick Armand J.
Published: June 2018

Normal adult human plasma has a constant prothrombin time when determined under standardized conditions and with carefully prepared reagents. An explanation for this constancy is offered; namely, that a plasma factor, designated as “prothrombin time fixing agent” (PTFA), is responsible for maintaining a constant fraction of the total prothrombin in the active state. This fraction is measured quantitatively by the prothrombin time, while the inactive prothrombin or prothrombinogen, has no influence on the test. The concentration of PTFA is fixed by heredity and appears to be a dominant. The results of studies on two subjects, one with true hypoprothrombinemia, the other with a prolonged prothrombin time but a normal total prothrombin and no deficiency of accessory prothrombin factors are reported and interpreted according to this hypothesis. A deficiency of PTFA can be differentiated from all other known hypoprothrombinemic states by observing a prolonged prothrombin time when mixing the plasma with an equal volume of fresh normal plasma.
Fibrinolysis in Liver Diseases Study of 109 Cases by means of the Fibrin Plate Method
Authors: de Nicola P , Soardi F
Published: June 2018

In 109 patients with liver diseases, fibrinolysis was studied by means of the fibrin plate method. A general increase of the fibrinolytic activity was observed in all liver diseases. This finding was particularly evident for the liver cirrhosis and by studying the spontaneous fibrinolysis in plain and precipitated serum and in plain and heated plates, as well as the streptokinase activated fibrinolysis in plain serum and plain plates. Liver malignancies usually showed a normal or subnormal behaviour, with the only exception of the streptokinase activated, precipitated serum in plain plates. Significant differences were found between liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis. In heated plates, the differences between liver cirrhosis and other liver diseases (chronic and acute hepatitis, hepatomegaly with liver impairment, malignancies) were not very much pronounced, when streptokinase activated serum was used. For diagnostic purposes, the most suitable tests for studying the fibrinolytic activity by means of the fibrin plate method in liver diseases, are represented by the following combinations: a. plain serum and plain plates; b. streptokinase activated serum and plain plates.
Aproximación a la elección adecuada del tornillo intramedular para el tratamiento de las fracturas de los huesos de la mano — estudio radiológico en metacarpiano y falanges proximales y medias
Authors: Rivera Vegas María , Martínez Núñez Pablo , Astorga Veganzones Rebeca
Published: June 2018

Introducción El uso de tornillos intramedulares de compresión en la fijación de las fracturas extraarticulares de metacarpianos y falanges, es un método de osteosíntesis en auge para el tratamiento de fracturas inestables transversas u oblicuas cortas. Pero hasta el momento, los criterios para la determinación del tornillo adecuado no han sido tratados en la literatura. Sin embargo, una incorrecta selección puede causar graves complicaciones. El objetivo del estudio es seleccionar el tornillo canulado de compresión correcto para cada paciente a partir de medidas obtenidas en radiografías simples en proyecciones convencionales.

Material y Métodos Se estudiaron las radiografías de mano de 100 pacientes, en proyección anteroposterior y oblicua, midiendo los dedos largos. Se buscó la medida limitante, que se define como la menor dimensión de la medular en un corte transversal del hueso, tanto para los metatacarpianos, como para las falanges proximales y medias.

Resultados La medida limitante de los metacarpianos se valora en las radiografías PA y en las falanges proximales y medias en las oblicuas. Se observó una gran variabilidad en la medida limitante, que se mantiene cuando estudiamos por género. Además de una regresión lineal inversa entre el tamaño de la medular y el tamaño de las corticales.

Conclusiones El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar mediante radiología convencional los diámetros de las cavidades medulares de metacarpianos y falanges, y usar esos como guía en la selección del diámetro del tornillo canulado, y de ese modo, tratar de hacer más predecible la obtención de resultados óptimos evitando la aparición de complicaciones potencialmente graves.
Schlafstörungen als Nebenwirkungen von Psychopharmaka
Authors: Frohn Corinna
Published: June 2018

Schlafstörungen treten oft als ein Symptom psychischer Erkrankungen auf (3). Dem stehen Schlafstörungen, die durch die Einnahme von Psychopharmaka verursacht werden, gegenüber. Teilweise sind Nebenwirkungen von Medikamenten sehr offensichtlich, und Beschwerden werden bereits vom Patienten selbst mit der Medikation in Zusammenhang gebracht. Teils ist die Symptomatik jedoch erst durch eine genaue psychiatrische Anamnese mit der Medikation in Verbindung zu bringen.
Geschlechtsdysphorie
Authors: Richter-Unruh A. , Herrmann E. , Döhnert M.
Published: June 2018

Kinder und Jugendliche mit Problemen bezüglich ihrer Geschlechtsidentität und Symptomen einer Geschlechtsdysphorie (GD) nehmen häufiger medizinische und psychologische Hilfe in Anspruch. Kinderärzte sind oft die ersten professionellen Helfer, die mit dieser Problematik konfrontiert werden. Der Übersichtsartikel befasst sich mit dem aktuellen Stand der Forschung zu diesem Thema und leitlinienorientierten Handlungsempfehlungen. Es wird eine multiprofessionelle Betreuung durch Kinder- und Jugendpsychiater, Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten und pädiatrische Endokrinologen empfohlen. Die Entscheidung zu einer früh einsetzenden hormonellen Behandlung wird kontrovers diskutiert und bedarf einer gewissenhaften individuellen Entscheidung im Behandlungsteam.
Added Value of Fetal MRI in the Evaluation of Fetal Anomalies of the Corpus Callosum: A Retrospective Analysis of 78 Cases
Authors: Manevich-Mazor Mirra , Weissmann-Brenner Alina , Bar Yosef Omer , Hoffmann Chen , Mazor Roei , Mosheva Mariela , Achiron Reuven , Katorza Eldad
Published: June 2018

Objective To evaluate the added value of fetal MRI to ultrasound in detecting and specifying callosal anomalies, and its impact on clinical decision making.

Methods Fetuses with a sonographic diagnosis of an anomalous corpus callosum (CC) who underwent a subsequent fetal brain MRI between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated and classified according to the severity of the findings. The findings detected on ultrasound were compared to those detected on MRI. An analysis was performed to assess whether fetal MRI altered the group classification, and thus the management of these pregnancies.

Results 78 women were recruited following sonographic diagnoses of either complete or partial callosal agenesis, short, thin or thick CC. Normal MRI studies were obtained inµ19 cases (24 %). Among these, all children available for follow-up received an adequate adaptive score in their Vineland II adaptive behavior scale assessment. Analysis of the concordance between US and MRI demonstrated a substantial level of agreement for complete callosal agenesis (kappa: 0.742), moderate agreement for thin CC (kappa: 0.418) and fair agreement for all other callosal anomalies. Comparison between US and MRI-based mild/severe findings classifications revealed that MRI contributed to a change in the management for 28 fetuses (35.9 %), mostly (25 fetuses, 32.1 %) in favor of pregnancy preservation.

Conclusion Fetal MRI effectively detects callosal anomalies and enables satisfactory validation of the presence or absence of callosal anomalies identified by ultrasound and adds valuable data that improves clinical decision making.
Enhanced spin-orbit torques and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in CoFeB/MgO structures with Ta/W bilayer
Authors: Li S. K. , Zhao X. T. , Liu W. , Wang T. T. , Zhao X. G. , Zhang Z. D.
Published: June 2018

Spin-orbit torques (SOTs) and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in Ta/W/CoFeB/MgO structures have been investigated by varying the thickness of the W layer. Addition of the W layer gives rise to enhancement of the annealing stability and perpendicular anisotropy field. After annealing at high temperature, a high-resistivity is obtained for samples with W layer (up to 2 nm thickness), which indicates the existence of β-W phase. A giant spin Hall angle of 0.50 is found in Ta/W/CoFeB/MgO structures with a 2 nm W layer by using the harmonic Hall voltage measurement. The lowest switching current density of 6 MA/cm2 is achieved in the sample with 1 nm W layer, indicating that a strong interfacial spin Hall effect may exist in the CoFeB/W interface. The study may provide a way to obtain simultaneously a large PMA as well as a high efficiency of SOTs.
The effect of sky diffuse radiation on photovoltaic fields
Authors: Appelbaum J. , Aronescu A.
Published: June 2018

Photovoltaic fields deployed in multiple collector rows, with two or more modules per collector mounted one on the top of the other, experience uneven incident diffuse radiation due to differences in the modules' sky view factor. The present study emphasizes the difference in the amounts of annual incident energy (direct beam, diffuse, and global) on the top and bottom modules. Static and single axis (South-North and East-West) tracking collectors are analyzed to demonstrate the uneven incident radiation impinging on top and bottom modules. In the three types of analyzed deployments, the top module receives more incident energy than the bottom module; the first collector row receives more incident energy than the second and subsequent rows. These two facts have technical significance because the design of the photovoltaic (PV) system is based on the module's rated power for all modules in the PV field. For example, the bottom module in the second row receives 2.53% less incident global energy than the top module in static fields, 3.33% less in South-North tracking fields, and 1.81% less in East-West tracking fields.
Statistical mechanics of addition polymerisation. Calculations of the expectation and variance of the average atmosphere in growing self avoiding walks
Authors: Taniya Abraham , Deepthi Murali , Padmanabhan Alapat
Published: June 2018

Recent calculations on the change in radial dimensions of reacting (growing) polyethylene in the gas phase experiencing Lennard Jones and Kihara type potentials revealed that a single reacting polyethylene molecule does not experience polymer collapse. This implies that a transition that is the converse of what happens when molten polyethylene crystallizes, i.e. it transforms from random coil like structure to folded rigid rod type structure, occurs. The predicted behaviour of growing polyethylene was explained by treating the head of the growing polymer chain as myopic whereas as the whole chain (i.e. when under equilibrium conditions) being treated as having normal vision, i.e. the growing chain does not see the attractive part of the LJ or Kihara Potentials. In this paper we provide further proof for this argument in two ways. Firstly we carry forward the exact enumeration calculations on growing self avoiding walks reported in that paper to larger values of number of steps by using Monte Carlo type calculations. We thereby assign physical significance to the connective constant of self avoiding walks, which until now was treated as a purely abstract mathematical entity. Secondly since a reacting polymer molecule that grows by addition polymerisation sees only one step ahead at a time, we extend this calculation by estimating the average atmosphere for molecules, with repulsive potential only (growing self avoiding walks in two dimensions), that look at two, three, four, five ...steps ahead. Our calculation shows that the arguments used in the previous work are correct.
Why typical magnetic metals and oxides have different Curie temperatures
Authors: Qi W. H. , Li Z. Z. , Ma L. , Tang G. D. , Wu G. H.
Published: June 2018

Why do typical magnetic metals and oxides have different Curie temperatures (TC)? For example, TC = 1404, 1043, and 631 K for Co, Fe, and Ni, respectively; and TC = 860 and 369 K for spinel ferrite Fe3O4 and perovskite manganite La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, respectively. Until now, no satisfactory explanation for this magnetic ordering puzzle has been found although Weiss proposed the molecular field assumption for magnetic ordering in 1907. In this letter, we propose an explanation for this puzzle using a Weiss electron pair model based on atomic physics theory.
Augmented longitudinal acoustic trap for scalable microparticle enrichment
Authors: Cui M. , Binkley M. M. , Shekhani H. N. , Berezin M. Y. , Meacham J. M.
Published: June 2018

We introduce an acoustic microfluidic device architecture that locally augments the pressure field for separation and enrichment of targeted microparticles in a longitudinal acoustic trap. Pairs of pillar arrays comprise “pseudo walls” that are oriented perpendicular to the inflow direction. Though sample flow is unimpeded, pillar arrays support half-wave resonances that correspond to the array gap width. Positive acoustic contrast particles of supracritical diameter focus to nodal locations of the acoustic field and are held against drag from the bulk fluid motion. Thus, the longitudinal standing bulk acoustic wave (LSBAW) device achieves size-selective and material-specific separation and enrichment of microparticles from a continuous sample flow. A finite element analysis model is used to predict eigenfrequencies of LSBAW architectures with two pillar geometries, slanted and lamellar. Corresponding pressure fields are used to identify longitudinal resonances that are suitable for microparticle enrichment. Optimal operating conditions exhibit maxima in the ratio of acoustic energy density in the LSBAW trap to that in inlet and outlet regions of the microchannel. Model results guide fabrication and experimental evaluation of realized LSBAW assemblies regarding enrichment capability. We demonstrate separation and isolation of 20 μm polystyrene and ∼10 μm antibody-decorated glass beads within both pillar geometries. The results also establish several practical attributes of our approach. The LSBAW device is inherently scalable and enables continuous enrichment at a prescribed location. These features benefit separations applications while also allowing concurrent observation and analysis of trap contents.
Effects of feeding wheat or corn and of rumen fistulation on milk production and methane emissions of dairy cows
Authors: Moate P. J. , Williams S. R. O. , Deighton M. H. , Hannah M. C. , Ribaux B. E. , Morris G. L. , Jacobs J. L. , Hill J. , Wales W. J.
Published: June 2018

There has been little research that has quantified methane (CH4) yields when dairy cows consume diets containing wheat grain. Furthermore, although rumen-fistulated animals have been used in many experiments concerned with measuring CH4 emissions, no research has examined the effect of rumen fistulation on in vivo CH4 emissions and yield. This experiment examined the effects of including either wheat or corn grain in the diet and the effects of rumen fistulation on yields of milk and milk components, CH4 emissions, yields, and intensities. Eight rumen-fistulated and six non-fistulated Holstein dairy cows in late lactation were offered a wheat-based diet (WHT) and a corn-based diet (CRN) in a crossover design. For the WHT diet, cows were offered daily, 22.4 kg DM containing 45.5% lucerne hay, 8.9% canola meal, 0.5% mineral mix, 0.5% molasses powder and 44.6% rolled wheat. The CRN diet was similar to the WHT diet except that rolled corn replaced the wheat. There was no difference between the WHT and CRN diets on mean milk yields (27.8 vs 27.9 kg/day), but the WHT diet substantially reduced milk fat concentration (2.76 vs 4.23%) and milk fat yield (0.77 vs 1.18 kg/day). Methane emissions (218 vs 424 g/day), CH4 yield (11.1 vs 19.5 g/kg dry matter intake) and CH4 intensity (7.6 vs 15.7 g/kg milk) were all reduced ~45% by the WHT diet compared with the CRN diet. Rumen fistulation did not affect dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition or CH4 emissions, but decreased CH4 yield and intensity. Including wheat in the diet of dairy cows has the potential to be an effective strategy to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, rumen fistulation was associated with a small reduction in CH4 yield and intensity, and this should be considered when using rumen-fistulated cows in research concerned with CH4 emissions.