bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forgetting Patterns Differentiate Between Two Forms of Memory Representation
Authors: Sadeh Talya , Ozubko Jason D. , Winocur Gordon , Moscovitch Morris
Published: May 2016

For decades, there has been controversy about whether forgetting is caused by decay over time or by interference from irrelevant information. We suggest that forgetting occurs because of decay or interference, depending on the memory representation. Recollection-based memories, supported by the hippocampus, are represented in orthogonal patterns and are therefore relatively resistant to interference from one another. Decay should be a major source of their forgetting. By contrast, familiarity-based memories, supported by extrahippocampal structures, are not represented in orthogonal patterns and are therefore sensitive to interference. In a study in which we manipulated the postencoding task-interference level and the length of the delay between study and testing, we provide direct evidence in support of our representation theory of forgetting. Recollection and familiarity were measured using the remember/know procedure. We show that the causes of forgetting depend on the nature of the underlying memory representation, which places the century-old puzzle of forgetting in a coherent framework.
Pagetoid reticulosis (epitheliotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) in an adult alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Hasbach Andrea E. , Stern Adam W.
Published: May 2016

A 9-year-old, intact female alpaca ( Vicugna pacos) was presented for a second opinion with a 1-year history of nonpruritic, multifocal scaling and crusted cutaneous lesions, mainly involving skin on the face, axillae, and ventral abdomen. Clinical abnormalities were limited to the skin, and the alpaca was otherwise healthy. The initial veterinarian had examined the alpaca, found no evidence of ectoparasites with laboratory testing, and had tried several trial therapies including oral antibiotics, ivermectin, and topical use of betadine solution. At the time of presentation, the lesions had neither improved nor worsened with any attempted therapy, and multiple skin biopsies were collected. Histopathology and immunohistochemical staining findings were consistent with the pagetoid reticulosis type of cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma. Our report describes the clinical, histopathologic, and immunophenotypic features of pagetoid reticulosis epitheliotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in an alpaca.
Identification of the major capsid protein of erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) and development of quantitative real-time PCR assays for quantification of ENV DNA
Authors: Purcell Maureen K. , Pearman-Gillman Schuyler , Thompson Rachel L. , Gregg Jacob L. , Hart Lucas M. , Winton James R. , Emmenegger Eveline J. , Hershberger Paul K.
Published: May 2016

Viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) is a disease of marine and anadromous fish that is caused by the erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV), which was recently identified as a novel member of family Iridoviridae by next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the ENV DNA polymerase grouped ENV with other erythrocytic iridoviruses from snakes and lizards. In the present study, we identified the gene encoding the ENV major capsid protein (MCP) and developed a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay targeting this gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the MCP gene sequence supported the conclusion that ENV does not group with any of the currently described iridovirus genera. Because there is no information regarding genetic variation of the MCP gene across the reported host and geographic range for ENV, we also developed a second qPCR assay for a more conserved ATPase-like gene region. The MCP and ATPase qPCR assays demonstrated good analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity based on samples from laboratory challenges of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii. The qPCR assays had similar diagnostic sensitivity and specificity as light microscopy of stained blood smears for the presence of intraerythrocytic inclusion bodies. However, the qPCR assays may detect viral DNA early in infection prior to the formation of inclusion bodies. Both qPCR assays appear suitable for viral surveillance or as a confirmatory test for ENV in Pacific herring from the Salish Sea.
Decision-Making During the Deployment Cycle
Authors: Martindale-Adams Jennifer , Nichols Linda O. , Zuber Jeffrey , Graney Marshall , Burns Robert
Published: May 2016

Decision-making at home and during deployment was examined for 161 spouses of service members (SMs) who were deployed overseas, using baseline spouse reports. Four types of decisions were included: minor household, major household, financial, and decisions about children. Communication methods used during deployment were also examined. With deployment, spouses reported that decision-making changed significantly for all four types of decisions. Decision-making at home was predominantly as a couple; during deployment, more decisions were by the spouse. However, decision-making stayed the same at home and during deployment for 1/3 to 2/3 of families, dependent on the type of decision, and these couples tended to make decisions together. Availability of communication methods that allow rapid exchange of information may contribute to couples managing decisions together. Before deployment, practitioners should discuss current family decision-making and communication patterns and expectations during deployment. During deployment, spouses can be encouraged to take on responsibilities that will help build their independence and facilitate smooth functioning of family life. At the same time, encouragement to continue, as much as possible and appropriate, familiar decision-making during deployment and at home may help ease the SM’s transition from deployment to home.
Simultaneous phase control of multiple frequencies of multi-degree-of-freedom systems
Authors: Brack Tobias , Vujanic Robin , Dual Jurg
Published: May 2016

This paper presents an innovative method to achieve the simultaneous phase control of multiple resonance frequencies of a linear multi-degree-of-freedom system using only one sensor/actuator pair. Each frequency is manipulated independently by means of a PLL-based control loop which comprises a digital averaging phase detector that combines the two most crucial tasks, namely the phase shift measurement and the frequency separation. The properties of the controller are designed individually for each mode using a linearized model of the control system. The method is applicable to all kinds of oscillators where frequencies near the structure’s natural frequencies are to be controlled. To validate the results experimentally, the controller is implemented on a digital signal processor (DSP) and applied to a torsional oscillator. Investigating two different damping conditions, the simultaneous control of five resonance frequencies of the oscillator illustrates the effectiveness and stability of the multiple frequency tracking. The method is able to significantly improve the accuracy and versatility of sensor applications. As an example a method is presented that enables the direct determination of the modal damping by using two frequencies corresponding to one single vibration mode.
Associations Between Sexual Behavior Norm Beliefs in Relationships and Intimate Partner Rape Judgments
Authors: Lynch Kellie R. , Jewell Jenna A. , Golding Jonathan M. , Kembel Hannah B.
Published: May 2016

Using a community sample ( n = 296), we investigated the associations between sexual behavior norm beliefs, acceptance of partner rape, judgments that non-consensual partner sex is “wrong not rape,” and decisions if non-consensual partner sex should be charged as rape. Sexual behavior norm beliefs were associated both directly and indirectly with latter components in the model related to acceptance of non-consensual partner sex judgments and charging rape judgments. In addition, participant gender moderated the model, such that many of the associations between the variables were stronger for males than for females. The results have implications for understanding how individuals label rape between intimate partners.
Power and Control in Kathmandu
Authors: Emery Clifton R. , Thapa Sirjana , Wu Shali
Published: May 2016

We argue that the concept of power has been inadvertently sidelined in recent theory and research on husband violence. Three types of relationship power may matter with respect to husband violence: attempted power, actual power, and achieved power. Analyses of a randomly selected representative sample of 270 married or partnered women in Kathmandu showed that actual power was related to husband violence prevalence, severity, and injury. Achieved power was related to husband violence prevalence and severity, and attempted power was related to husband violence injury. Implications are discussed.
The Impact of Depression on Discharge to Hospitals and Other Outcomes in Medicare Home Health Care Patients
Authors: Pickett Yolonda R. , Greenberg Rebecca L. , Bazelais Kisha N. , Ghesquiere Angela , Bruce Martha L.
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the association of active depressive symptoms in older home health care (home care) patients and discharge to the hospital. This study was based on a cross-sectional secondary data analysis. The data were from the Montefiore Home Healthcare Agency, Bronx, New York. Patients 65 years and older who were admitted to home care in 2010 ( N = 3,761) with a valid depression screen in the medical record were included. Disposition at discharge and the Patient Health Questionnaire–2 depression screen were collected from the home care nursing assessment. Demographic and clinical factors were collected from the medical record. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was greater for discharge resulting in hospitalization (AOR = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = [1.29, 2.25]) among those with positive depression screens compared with those with a negative screen at the time of admission. Conclusion: Active depressive symptoms at the time of admission to home care were associated with increased odds of hospitalization at discharge. Interventions to reduce depression during the home care admission may have implications for readmission rates and overall health care utilization.
The challenging process of disclosing bullying victimization: A grounded theory study from the victim’s point of view
Authors: Bjereld Ylva
Published: May 2016

School children are usually encouraged to tell an adult whether they are being bullied. Despite this encouragement, a significant percentage of bullied students do not disclose victimization. Previous research has often failed to include this group of hidden victims, thereby limiting the available knowledge about victimization disclosure. This study aimed to investigate the process of disclosing bullying victimization from the victim’s point of view. Interviews with Swedish youth who had been or currently were victims of bullying in school were carried out and analyzed with grounded theory methods using two-step coding.
Effects of an employer-based intervention on employment outcomes for youth with significant support needs due to autism
Authors: Wehman Paul , Schall Carol M , McDonough Jennifer , Graham Carolyn , Brooke Valerie , Riehle J Erin , Brooke Alissa , Ham Whitney , Lau Stephanie , Allen Jaclyn , Avellone Lauren
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to develop and investigate an employer-based 9-month intervention for high school youth with autism spectrum disorder to learn job skills and acquire employment. The intervention modified a program titled Project SEARCH and incorporated the use of applied behavior analysis to develop Project SEARCH plus Autism Spectrum Disorder Supports. A randomized clinical trial compared the implementation of Project SEARCH plus Autism Spectrum Disorder Supports with high school special education services as usual. Participants were 49 high-school-aged individuals between the ages of 18 and 21 years diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder and eligible for supported employment. Students also had to demonstrate independent self-care. At 3 months post-graduation, 90% of the treatment group acquired competitive, part-time employment earning US$9.53–US$10.66 per hour. Furthermore, 87% of those individuals maintained employment at 12 months post-graduation. The control group’s employment outcomes were 6% acquiring employment by 3 months post-graduation and 12% acquiring employment by 12 months post-graduation. The positive employment outcomes generated by the treatment group provide evidence that youth with autism spectrum disorder can gain and maintain competitive employment. Additionally, there is evidence that they are able to advance within that time toward more weekly hours worked, while they also displayed increasing independence in the work setting.
Traumatic pasts and the historical imagination: Symptoms of loss, postcolonial suffering, and counter-memories among African migrants
Authors: Beneduce Roberto
Published: May 2016

This work aims to rethink the relationship between anthropology and cultural psychiatry from a historical perspective, through reflections on the dynamics of forgetting and remembering in the context of migration. While migrants’ symptoms often bear cultural hallmarks of suffering, they also reveal images of a traumatic history, which resurface in moments of danger, uncertainty, and crisis. I claim these symptoms are allegories of a dispossessed past, and can be interpreted as counter-memories, as “palimpsests” of an eclipsed script. Trauma symptoms keep returning to a collective past, and thus can be considered a particular form of historical consciousness. Psychiatric diagnoses may obscure these counter-memories. In particular, the diagnostic category of posttraumatic stress disorder that is commonly attached to traumatic experiences in current clinical practice recognizes the truth of individual traumatic events, but at the same time contributes to concealing the political, racial, and historical roots of suffering.
Magic at the margins: towards a magical realist human geography
Authors: Laws Jennifer
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this article is to put forward the case for a magically realist human geography, drawing on geographical research into the lives and lifeworlds of people with long-term and disabling mental health difficulties. In the article, I move between extracts from my own ethnographic research with mental health service users and survivors and the equally unusual stories of the literary genre, magical realism, in which I find a framework for addressing what I understand as a narrative paucity in much of mainstream research writing about mental distress. The article reflects upon the strange and sometimes magical qualities of illness and recovery in the context of individuals living with severe and enduring mental health problems and how traditional constructions of ‘evidence’ variously exclude or overlook such experiences. The contributions of the article are both to explore how ‘magic’ might encapsulate certain aspects of living with mental distress and – developing ongoing discussions in the sub-discipline around geographies of enchantment, magic and spirituality – to consider how a magical realist framework for geographical research might do justice to the rich, marvellous and irreducible experiences of everyday life, which are often excluded from conventional evidence bases.
Intelligent illuminance control in a dimmable LED lighting system
Authors: Wang X , Linnartz J-PMG
Published: May 2016

The dimmability of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) offers lighting designers great flexibility in illuminating an indoor environment. However, even for experienced lighting designers, it is not easy to achieve both comfort and energy efficiency using large-scale lighting systems. To improve this situation, in this paper we propose the use of a quantitative human perception model for an illuminance distribution in an indoor environment. Based on this model, we can optimise the dimming levels of the LED lighting system given the positions and preferences of users. Enhancing user satisfaction and reducing energy consumption are jointly taken into consideration.
‘They don’t know what it means to be a student’: Inclusion and exclusion in the nexus between ‘global’ and ‘local’
Authors: Hilt Line Torbjørnsen
Published: May 2016

This article will show how the global educational policy expectations of being a self-managing learner unfold in the context of two school organisations in Norway, and contribute to the exclusion of so-called newly arrived minority language students. The theoretical framework is Niklas Luhmann’s theory of the global educational system, and the article offers a semantic analysis of inclusion and exclusion processes, where inclusion is operationalised as fulfilling educational expectations and exclusion as the failure to meet these expectations. The findings are based on ethnographic fieldwork in two upper secondary schools with introductory classes for newly arrived students in Norway, but will be interpreted in light of recent policy initiatives from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The article will show similarities between expectations in the schools and the ones embodied in the so-called 21st century skills. The article argues that the knowledge-economic ideal of the self-managing learner demonstrates a reductionist notion of the student role and constitutes a risk for newly arrived students’ educational careers.
Learning to Embody Leadership Through Mindfulness and Somatics Practice
Authors: Brendel William , Bennett Carmela
Published: May 2016

The Problem

Given the unpredictable nature of organizational life, leadership development programs that rely primarily on cognitive processing and critical reflection are no longer sufficient. What is required is an integrated pedagogy that enables individuals to access and embody a “way of being,” an aligned presence and purpose that spans all contexts so that the individual and leader are not separate entities but rather a fully cohesive self. To develop this capacity, reputable organizations are experimenting with holistic learning methodologies, including mindfulness and somatics practices. However, these methodologies have yet to be fully grounded in adult learning and leadership best practices, empirical research, mind–body principles, and leadership performance.

The Solution

Through a critical review of relevant theory, practice, and empirical research, this article conceptualizes a constructive developmental learning methodology, which integrates mindfulness and somatics practices that transform a leader’s relationship with behavior from the automatic to the consciously chosen realm. The article presents a practical model of embodied leadership where individuals learn ways to deepen awareness to include both the mind and body as an interdependent system to remain open, grounded, and engaged in a way that builds resilience, and resourcefulness, and improves relationships in complex environments.

The Stakeholders

Human resource development professionals, executive coaches, and aspiring leaders seek a holistic and practical leadership development approach, which is conceptually and empirically linked to leadership and organizational performance.
“Everything Is Different the Second Time Around”
Authors: Silverman Rachel E. , Ryalls Emily D.
Published: May 2016

Orange Is the New Black (OITNB) offers Netflix viewers the chance to go behind bars and see the Prison Industrial Complex from the inside. Described by creator Jenji Kohan as “my activism,” OITNB showcases the reprehensible treatment of elderly female prisoners, while simultaneously adhering to age-old tropes of femininity as manipulative. Using Goffman’s work on stigma as a framework, we examine representations of elderly women on OITNB, while also considering “binge-watching” (the process of consuming mass amounts of television) as a method of analysis. Binge-watching, or “marathon viewing,” a temporal phenomenon laden with feelings of guilt and shame, works to highlight the stigma of temporality aging women on OITNB face. Thus, we offer “marathon viewing” as an alternative, stigma-free method of critical feminist media analysis. This article suggests marathon viewing is a product of media convergence, reliant on today’s streaming services and a highly productive method of media critique.
Coping Profiles Differentiate Psychological Adjustment in Chinese Women Newly Diagnosed With Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Lingyan , Li Shichen , Wang Yuping , Yi Jinyao , Yang Yanjie , He Jincai , Zhu Xiongzhao
Published: May 2016

Objective. The study aimed to explore latent profiles of coping in Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer and examine the differences of psychological distress, demographic, and medical characteristics across profiles. Methods. Latent profile analysis was used to identify 3 classes of copers based on data from 618 Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer who completed questionnaires assessing their coping strategies and psychological distress. Results. “Adaptive coper,” reporting most use of adaptive cognitive coping strategies, behaviors of acceptance and shifting attention, and least use of maladaptive cognitive coping strategies, had the best psychological adjustment. “Negative coper,” characterized by most use of maladaptive cognitive coping strategies, least use of adaptive cognitive coping strategies except “putting in perspective,” and median levels of medical coping behaviors, had the worst psychological adjustment. “Inconsistent coper,” with great use of all cognitive coping strategies, and most behaviors of fighting against the disease, and fewest behaviors of attention shift, had relatively high levels of psychological distress. Younger age, less education, shorter time since diagnosis, widowed, living in rural areas, and undergoing chemotherapy are possible markers for patients with less adaptive coping patterns. Conclusions. Interventions should be developed according to the different coping profiles of patients, and the key group to target is “negative copers,” who may benefit from cognitive behavioral approaches that combine emotion, cognition and behavior, which could help them more effectively appraise and cope with stressful events.
Deciphering signaling networks in osteosarcoma pathobiology
Authors: Adamopoulos Christos , Gargalionis Antonios N , Basdra Efthimia K , Papavassiliou Athanasios G
Published: May 2016

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent type of primary bone tumors among children and adolescents. During the past years, little progress has been made regarding prognosis of osteosarcoma patients, especially for those with metastatic disease. Genomic instability and gene alterations are common, but current data do not reveal a consistent and repeatable pattern of osteosarcoma development, thus paralleling the tumor's high heterogeneity. Critical signal transduction pathways have been implicated in osteosarcoma pathobiology and are being evaluated as therapeutic targets, including receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB (RANK), Wnt, Notch, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, and mechanotransduction pathways. Herein, we recapitulate and discuss recent advances in the context of molecular mechanisms and signaling networks that contribute to osteosarcoma progression and metastasis, towards patient-tailored and novel-targeted treatments.
Brief Communication: Featured Article: Histone H2A mono-ubiquitination and cellular transformation are inversely related in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bhattacharya Saikat , Reddy Divya , Ingle Arvind , Khade Bharat , Gupta Sanjay
Published: May 2016

Aberrant changes in histone post-translational modifications are encountered frequently in diseases like cancer. Although histone H3 post-translational modifications have been extensively studied in context of diseases, the functionally important histone H2A PTM H2A119ub (H2Aub) has not gained much attention. In this study, we report that H2Aub markedly decreases in hepatocellular carcinoma. Usp21, a H2A deubiquitinase, is probably responsible for decrease in H2Aub. In addition, the H2Aub levels showed an inverse correlation with H3S10 phosphorylation (H3S10p) and the proliferative state of the cells. Downregulation of H2Aub is also associated with increased expression of growth factor gene lipocalin 2. Interestingly, we show that treatment of cells with histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A results in increase of H2Aub and decrease in H3S10p. Our work for the first time suggests the in vivo association of H3S10p, H4ac, and H2A119ub with cellular transformation.
Real-time model for simulating a tracked vehicle on deformable soils
Authors: Meywerk Martin , Fortmüller Thomas , Fuhr Bastian , Baß Stephan
Published: May 2016

Simulation is one possibility to gain insight into the behaviour of tracked vehicles on deformable soils. A lot of publications are known on this topic, but most of the simulations described there cannot be run in real-time. The ability to run a simulation in real-time is necessary for driving simulators. This article describes an approach for real-time simulation of a tracked vehicle on deformable soils. The components of the real-time model are as follows: a conventional wheeled vehicle simulated in the Multi Body System software TRUCKSim, a geometric description of landscape, a track model and an interaction model between track and deformable soils based on Bekker theory and Janosi–Hanamoto, on one hand, and between track and vehicle wheels, on the other hand. Landscape, track model, soil model and the interaction are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. The details of the real-time model are described in this article, and a detailed description of the Multi Body System part is omitted. Simulations with the real-time model are compared to measurements and to a detailed Multi Body System–finite element method model of a tracked vehicle. An application of the real-time model in a driving simulator is presented, in which 13 drivers assess the comfort of a passive and an active suspension of a tracked vehicle.
Novel electro-hydraulic position control system for primary mirror supporting system
Authors: Peng Xiongbin , Gong Guofang , Yang Huayong , Lou Haiyang , Liao Xiangping , Wu Weiqiang
Published: May 2016

In the field of modern large-scale telescope, primary mirror supporting system technology faces the difficulties of theoretically uniform output force request and bias compensation. Therefore, a novel position control system combining hydraulic system with servo motor system is introduced. The novel system ensures uniform output force on supporting points without complicating the mechanical structure. The structures of both primary mirror supporting system and novel position system are described. Then, the mathematical model of novel position control system is derived for controller selection. A proportional–derivative controller is adopted for simulations and experiments of step response and triangle path tracking. The results show that proportional–derivative controller guarantees the system with micrometer-level positioning ability. A modified proportional–derivative controller is utilized to promote system behavior with faster response overshoot. The novel position control system is then applied on primary mirror supporting system. Coupling effect is observed among actuator partitions, and relocation of virtual pivot supporting point is chosen as the decoupling measurement. The position keeping ability of the primary mirror supporting system is verified by rotating the mirror cell at a considerably high rate. The experiment results show that the decoupled system performs better with smaller bias and shorter recovery time.
Adding the patient’s voice to our understanding of collaborative goal setting: How do patients with diabetes define collaborative goal setting?
Authors: Morris Heather L , Carlyle Kellie E , Elston Lafata Jennifer
Published: May 2016

Background

Patient reports of collaborative goal setting have repeatedly been associated with improved health outcomes, and the American Diabetes Association specifically encourages collaborative goal setting as a component of high quality care. Current limitations in our understanding of what needs to transpire for patients to denote goal setting as “collaborative”, remain a barrier to fostering collaborative goal setting in practice.

Methods

Four focus groups were conducted among 19 patients with diabetes. A semi-structured focus group guide was used to explore patient perceptions of collaborative goal setting and what needed to happen for goals to be considered collaboratively set. Focus group transcripts were coded using thematic analysis.

Results

Collaborative goal setting was described by patients as occurring within the context of a caring relationship where patients and health care providers: (1) listen and learn from each other; (2) share ideas; (3) agree on a measurable objective; and (4) support goal achievement. Patients also articulated clear responsibilities for themselves and clinicians and described collaborative goal setting as a process that occurs over time.

Conclusions

Patients perceived collaborative goal setting as a multidimensional process that occurs over time within the context of a caring relationship and encompasses distinct patient and clinician responsibilities.
American Sociology’s Racial Ontology: Remembering Slavery, Deconstructing Modernity, and Charting the Future of Global Historical Sociology
Authors: Magubane Zine
Published: May 2016

Standard American disciplinary history holds that the ‘founding fathers’, inspired by ‘great men theorizing European modernity’, created a sister discipline in Europe’s image. This article proposes an alternative history, which locates the founding of American sociology in the writings of ‘pro-slavery imperialists’ Henry Hughes and George Fitzhugh. A methodologically nationalistic sociology of ‘race relations’, which isolates the study of race from issues of ‘general’ sociological concern, has substituted for sustained engagement with sociology’s colonialist and imperialist past. Racism has been made an anachronistic survivor in tradition, rather than a constitutive part of modernity. Rehabilitating this lost history is therefore vital for creating a new, global historical sociology, as is questioning the conceptual matrix that isolates the study of race and racism from issues of general sociological concern.
Comment: The Interaction Between Metaphor and Emotion Processing in the Brain
Authors: Aziz-Zadeh Lisa , Gamez-Djokic Vesna
Published: May 2016

It has been argued that metaphor and emotion processing are tightly linked together. Here we explore whether neuroscientific evidence supports this claim.
Author Reply: Reply to Commentaries on Language and Emotion (2015)
Authors: Lakoff George
Published: May 2016

“Language and Emotion” (2016) showed a number of nonobvious ways in which the nature of emotion can be studied via the way that emotions are expressed, mostly unconsciously, in language. The results given there have come mostly from cognitive linguistics, structured neural computation, and embodied cognition taken together. The references given, survey those results and their empirical basis. The commentators have each made contributions to our ultimate understanding of emotion, each from a different field with a different set of assumptions and research techniques. But they are not up on contemporary embodied cognitive linguistics. As a result, most missed points made in the article. The good news is that each got a chance to introduce their own research to our readership.
REFRAME: Resilience training for GPs
Authors: Lynch Siobhan , Lown Mark , Rajasingami Daghni , Peters David , Ridge Damien , Cheshire Anna , Fismer Kate , Stewart-Brown Sarah , Lewith Henry , Jagger Olivia , Lewith George
Published: May 2016

We need more GPs in the UK if we are to manage our ageing and increasingly multi-morbid population. However, there is a manpower crisis in NHS primary care, with GP recruitment falling and older doctors taking early retirement. Although there has been considerable research into medical staff stress, there are relatively few studies of coping and resilience in doctors. However, there is some evidence that intensive, brief resilience training can be beneficial. Our aim was to establish if REFRAME could help GPs develop skills that improve their well-being and resilience and to establish whether participants feel the outcome measures employed capture their experience.
Implementation of evidence-based medicine in a health promotion teaching block for Thai medical students
Authors: Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Suntharasaj Thitima , Sangsupawanich Pasuree , Kongkamol Chanon , Pornsawat Panumad
Published: May 2016

Background:

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is well known in medical practice. Although health promotion (HP) is promoted worldwide, there is still some debate as to whether EBM is needed or useful in the teaching of health promotion.

Objective:

To assess the perceived usefulness of EBM in the teaching of HP among medical students and faculty members.

Methods:

A comparative study was conducted between two groups of fourth-year medical students in the academic year 2012 during the five-week Health Promotion Teaching Block at Prince of Songkla University, southern Thailand. A one-week EBM course was conducted with half the students in the first week of the block and the other half of the students in the last week of the block. All activities in the HP block were similar except for the different periods of the one-week of EBM teaching. The effect on knowledge, ability and perceived application of EBM in future practice was assessed by student self-evaluations before versus after taking the EBM course, and by faculty member evaluation of the students’ end-of-block presentations. All evaluation items were rated from 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest). Data were analyzed using a t-test or Wilcoxon test, as appropriate.

Results:

The students’ self-evaluations of knowledge and ability on EBM between the two groups were similar. The perception that teaching EBM is beneficial in health promotion and future practice increased significantly ( p<0.001) in both groups. Faculty members rated higher scores for the first group than the second group, although the rating differences were not at the level of significance. Ninety percent of the students believed that EBM was a useful addition to the teaching of HP.

Conclusions:

Medical students and faculty members perceived that EBM is useful in the HP context. Future studies to evaluate the effect of using evidence-based teaching for health promotion are needed.
Usefulness of brain atlases in neuroradiology: Current status and future potential
Authors: Nowinski Wieslaw L
Published: May 2016

Human brain atlases, although prevalent in medical education and stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, are not yet applied practically in neuroradiology. In a step towards introducing brain atlases to neuroradiology, we discuss nine different situations of potential atlas use: (1) to support interpretation of brain scans with clearly visible structures (to increase confidence of non-neuroradiologists); (2) to delineate and label scans of low anatomical content (with indiscernible or poorly visible anatomy); (3) to assist in generating the structured report; (4) to assist in interpreting small deep lesions, since an atlas’s anatomical parcellation is higher than that of the interpreted scan; (5) to approximate distorted due to pathology (and unknown to the interpreter) anatomy and label it; (6) to cope with data explosion; (7) to assist in the interpretation of functional scans (to label the activation foci with the underlying anatomy and Brodmann’s areas); (8) to support ischemic stroke image handling by means of atlases of anatomy and blood supply territories; and (9) to communicate image interpretation results (diagnosis) to others. The usefulness of the atlas for automatic structure identification, localisation, delineation, labelling and quantification, as well as for reporting and communication, potentially increases the interpreter’s efficiency and confidence, as well as expedites image interpretation.
Severe Torsades de Pointes with acquired QT prolongation
Authors: Narang Akhil , Ozcan Cevher
Published: May 2016

Torsades de pointes (TdP) is a fatal polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in association with congenital or acquired QT prolongation. Concomitant electrolyte disturbances and drugs potentiate the development of TdP. We describe a severe case of refractory TdP in the setting of methadone, cocaine, hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. The successful treatment was achieved with the administration of magnesium, isoproterenol, and electrolyte replacement.
Socio-Economic Differentials in Contraceptive Discontinuation in India
Authors: Agrahari Kiran , Mohanty Sanjay K. , Chauhan Rajesh K.
Published: May 2016

Fertility divergence amid declining in use of modern contraception in many states of India needs urgent research and programmatic attention. Although utilization of antenatal, natal, and post-natal care has shown spectacular increase in post National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) period, the contraceptive use had shown a declining trend. Using the calendar data from the National Family Health Survey–3, this article examines the reasons of contraceptive discontinuation among spacing method users by socio-economic groups in India. Bivariate and multivariate analyses and life table discontinuation rates are used in the analyses. Results suggest that about half of the pill users, two fifths of the condom users, one third of traditional method users, and one fifth of IUD users discontinue a method in first 12 months of use. However, the discontinuation of all three modern spacing methods declines in subsequent period (within 12-36 months). The probability of method failure was highest among traditional method users and higher among poor and less educated that may lead to unwanted/mistimed birth. Although discontinuation of condom declines with economic status, it does not show any large variation for pill users. The contraceptive discontinuation was significantly associated with duration of use, age, parity, contraceptive method, religion, and contraceptive intention. Based on these findings, it is suggested that follow-up services to modern spacing method users, increasing counseling for spacing method users, motivating the traditional method user to use modern spacing method, and improving the overall quality of family planning services can reduce the discontinuation of spacing method.
Creating Innovative Public Services by Fostering Conflicts
Authors: Rossi Paula , Rannisto Pasi-Heikki , Stenvall Jari
Published: May 2016

This article presents a case study focused on the conflicting logics of multiple actors involved in planning, organizing and providing health and social services in an innovative way. The aim was to empirically approach the experiences of the actors coping with the complexity of the multiple, often contradictory logics, concluding with a theoretical approach on how the leadership could strengthen the development of innovative public services. Data consisted of documents, observations and interviews and was analyzed through a critical realism approach. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to increase the understanding of the leadership as a constraining and an enabling force when developing innovative public services in a networked environment. As a result, two conflicting institutional logics were found: the costs-based logic of the public administrators and politicians, and the service-based logic of the citizens and public service producers, and the needs to consider the service perspective, new hybrid practices and changing meanings given to cooperation in public sector leadership are covered.
Selections From the ABC 2015 Annual Conference, Seattle, Washington
Authors: Whalen D. Joel
Published: May 2016

This article, the first of a two-part series, presents teaching 10 innovations from the 2015 Association for Business Communication’s 80th annual conference. The creative new assignments offered here include building listening skills by journaling, oral interpretation, positive message framing, storytelling, delivering bad news, persuasive messages, and learning by teaching. Additional assignment support materials—instructions to students, stimulus materials, slides, grading rubrics, frequently asked questions, and sample student projects—are posted on these websites: http://www.businesscommunication.org/page/assignments and http://www.salesleadershipcenter.com/research.html#mfa16 .
Negotiating inequalities: Reflecting on the early Buddhist Saṁgha
Authors: Roy Kumkum
Published: May 2016

While in the Buddha’s universalist doctrine, caste and hierarchy were not relevant to human endeavour for liberation (nibbāna), the hierarchy existing in the world around the saṁgha could not but exert influence on Buddhist thought and practice. The article examines how far the social environment around him influenced the Buddha’s own decisions, despite his egalitarian impulses. It also deals with the forms of inequality that were allowed in the saṁgha owing to various circumstances.
Money and social inequality: The views of Abū’l Faẓl
Authors: Haider Najaf
Published: May 2016

In his major works, Å’īn-ī Akbarī and Akbarnāma, Akbar’s minister, Abū’l Faẓl enters many comments of a philosophical and sociological nature. He believes in a hierarchical order of society, but in a manner more sophisticated than that of his predecessors; and he has also a profounder sense of the role of money, not as a dissolvent, but as an instrument of a differentiated society.
Growing inequalities in the South in the Present Era of primitive capitalist accumulation
Authors: Patnaik Utsa
Published: May 2016

The prevalent view among many economic historians is that, given free trade and neoliberatisation, developing countries will traverse the same path of industrial development as the developed north. This article contests the view: first, the prevalent narrative of European industrial development is partial: it overstates the effect of modern agriculture in Europe as well as employment creation by industry, since it ignores (a) the factor of colonial plunder and (b) the ‘white’ migration out of Europe as an effect of, as well as safety-value for, the crisis created by unemployment in industrialising Europe. Neither of these supporting factors is available to the South, where, as in India, per capita growth is accompanied by growing inequality and mass impoverishment. Clearly, freewheeling capitalism is not an equitable option for India.
Book Review: Iqtidar Alam Khan, India’s Polity in the Age of Akbar
Authors: Rezavi Syed Ali Nadeem
Published: May 2016

Iqtidar Alam Khan, India’s Polity in the Age of Akbar (New Delhi: Permanent Black in association with Ashoka University), 2016, pp. x, + 219, ₹695 (Hb).
Olig2 is expressed late in human eosinophil development and controls Siglec-8 expression
Authors: Hwang Sae Mi , Uhm Tae Gi , Lee Seol Kyung , Kong Su-Kang , Jung Kyung Hwa , Binas Bert , Chai Young Gyu , Park Sung Woo , Chung Il Yup
Published: May 2016

Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor that binds to E-box motifs, is known to have a key role in determining lineage specification of oligodendrocytes and motor neurons. In the present study, we report that oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 is expressed in human eosinophils and involved in transcriptional activation of the gene encoding sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 8 (Siglec-8), a late eosinophil-differentiation marker known to exert eosinophil apoptosis. When cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells differentiated toward eosinophils during a 24-d culture period, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 protein was expressed in cord blood eosinophils on d 24, a time when cord blood eosinophils are considered fully differentiated, whereas it was not detectable on d 18 or at earlier time points. Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 protein was also abundantly expressed in human peripheral-blood eosinophils but not in neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, or cord blood mast cells. RNA sequencing analysis showed that numerous genes, especially those encoding eosinophil surface molecules, were highly up-regulated along with OLIG2. Among the genes examined, SIGLEC-8 messenger RNA and protein were markedly down-regulated in parallel with OLIG2 by an oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 small interfering RNA or a short hairpin RNA, as evidenced by real-time polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and Western blot analyses. In reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, an E-box in the first intron was found to stimulate SIGLEC-8 gene transcription and to bind oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2. Hence, at least one important aspect of eosinophil differentiation is regulated by oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, a transcription factor that has not previously been reported, to our knowledge, in normal granulocytes.
Atlas Florae Europaeae notes 26. Revised typification of Sorbus aucuparia (Rosaceae): Two sources of a single diagnosis
Authors: Sennikov Alexander N.
Published: May 2016

The validating diagnosis of Sorbus aucuparia was borrowed from Enumeratio methodica stirpium Helvetiae indigenarum of Haller, who had drawn it from glabrous‐leaved plants of the Alps that belong to S. aucuparia subsp. glabrata, but Linnaeus applied it to a specimen of his own collection that represents a subglabrous variant of S. aucuparia subsp. aucuparia. Of the five specimens of this species in Linnaean and Linnaean‐linked herbaria, this specimen is the only element that comprises the original material of this species name. It is designated here as the lectotype of S. aucuparia, superseding the previous typification that was made from the collection of Clifford. The name S. lanuginosa is applicable not to a silvery‐leaved variant of the species but to S. aucuparia var. aucuparia.
The nomenclature of Cycadeoidea (fossil Spermatophyta: Cycadeoideopsida)
Authors: Doweld Alexander B.
Published: May 2016

“Cycadeoidea”, “C. megalophylla”, “C. microphylla” and “Cycadeoideaceae” (as “Cycadeoideae”) were not validly published by Buckland in his works of 1828 because his proposed fossil genus “Cycadeoidea” lacked a separate diagnosis or description. Later in 1828 Brongniart validly published the genus name Mantellia for this fossil taxon with the type being M. nidiformis Brongn., the same taxon represented by Buckland’s “C. megalophylla”. Later Lindley & Hutton (1832) validly published Cycadeoidea but as an illegitimate superfluous replacement name of Mantellia. The confused nomenclatural history of Mantellia (≡ Cycadeoidea) is summarized and corrected with new bibliographic and historical data. Since the illegitimate name Cycadeoidea is widely used in systematic palaeobotany for distinct spermatophyte fossils, its retention is sought through a conservation proposal.