bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fall of the Berlin Wall: Reflection of the Historical Event in the Newest German Drama
Authors: Lisenko Anzhela Rafizovna , Rakhimbirdieva Ilmira Mukharyamovna , Mukhametzyanova Rezida Iskandarovna
Published: June 2021

In this article, the authors refer to the play “Kein Schiff wird kommen” (“No ship will come”), 2010, by a young German playwright Nisa-Momme Stockmann, in which “historical events are refracted in the context of personal events of the characters”. In the center of the play is a young man, a writer, who was commissioned by the theater to write about the fall of the Berlin Wall. The protagonist of the play is a representative of an indifferent generation, far from politics and history. In 1989, he himself was a child, and the reunification of Germany, at first glance, had no effect on him. However, upon closer inspection, it turns out that the fall of the wall turned out to be an important event for him and his family. Only an appeal to the history of the country and the family helps the character to resolve the internal conflict. This shows the relationship with the tradition of German literature after World War II: German writers often refer to historical facts in their works. The key topic is of guilt and responsibility, which has been rethought in the literature over the past 60 years. Analysing the drama allows us to conclude that modern young people reject their past, which causes the character's personality crisis, and it also leads to failure in communication. In addition, alongside with ousting the past, the problem of German identity arises.
Soundscape of the Old Tatar Settlement: Historical and Cultural Meanings
Authors: Khurmatullina Rezeda Kamilevna , Sapenova Zakia Abdullayevna
Published: June 2021

The study of soundscape as a tool to study national culture, national identity formation has a huge potential in the historical, cultural, musicological, pedagogical, and other broad aspects. The Old Tatar settlement is one of the historic districts of Kazan; the architectural ensemble consisting of mosques which were the main location of social life of Tatars.
Linguistic Means of Homeland Characterization in M. A. Asturias’s Mister President
Authors: Davitova Nuriya R. , Kolabinova Tatiana I. , Iurina Ekaterina Alekseevna
Published: June 2021

The present research is devoted to the concept ‘patria’ (homeland) analysis in the Nobel Prize-winning Guatemalan writer Miguel Angel Asturias’s novel El señor presidente (Mister President). The verbalizations of the studied concept in the novel are counted and their linguistic context is analysed. The totalitarian society described by the writer is not fully fictional. The dictatorship of Estrada Cabrera, though unnamed in the novel, is depicted. The linguistic realization of the studied concept is based on two groups of antithesis. The perception of homeland by real patriots, who are now considered the traitors of their homeland, and that of the people, who conform to the current conditions, but it is obvious that they are the ones who are ready to betray. The second antithesis is the fear of the president and calling the president the honoured citizen, the father and the defender of the homeland. The analysis of the linguistic means used to verbalize the concept ‘homeland’ in the studied novel shows that the said concept can be used by a totalitarian society as a tool of manipulation. Further analysis of the concept ‘homeland’ in other literary works by the authors writing in Spanish and belonging to different Hispanic countries will reveal the linguistic differences of the national variants of Spanish.
Distance Learning Experience in the Context of Globalization of Education
Authors: Poddubnaya Tatyana Nikolaevna , Zadneprovskaya Elena Leonidovna , Voevodina Svetlana Sergeevna , Ilyinova Nadezhda Alexandrovna , Khatit Fatima Ramazanovna , Panina Elena Alexandrovna
Published: June 2021

Today, the digitalization of education is one of the main tasks of the state social policy and an urgent sphere of life in modern society. At the beginning of 2020, the spread of COVID-19 forced educational institutions to introduce urgently all levels of distance learning technologies focused on the possibility to learn remotely and in real-time. The research focuses on the need to create an effective mechanism for organizing distance learning in the context of the globalization of education. The purpose of the research is to reveal the experience of distance learning in the context of globalization of education (based on the analysis of using the online learning platform Moodle). The results of the research reveal the prerequisites for the popularization of distance learning technologies in the practice of educational institutions, present the experience of using Moodle in the university educational process and determine the prospects of distance learning in educational practice.
The relevance of this article is due to the need to form and develop algorithmic thinking of higher education students as the main requirement of the information society following 21st century skills and competences for new millennium learners. The purpose of the article is to consider algorithmic thinking as a new dimension of learning in higher education. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of methodological literature, and the experience of students, teachers, and academic staff. The article considers the essence, main properties, and characteristics of algorithmic thinking, suggests the universal sequence of algorithm development and model of algorithmic thinking as well as determines its importance for any subjects outside the information and communications technology area. The materials of the article can be useful for lecturers, professors, and other academic staff of universities and institutes when studying any subjects related to the basic and professional training of students.
Authors: Byrka Marian F. , Sushchenko Andrii V. , Svatiev Andrii V. , Mazin Vasyl M. , Veritov Oleksandr I.
Published: June 2021

The relevance of this article is due to the need to form and develop algorithmic thinking of higher education students as the main requirement of the information society following 21st century skills and competences for new millennium learners. The purpose of the article is to consider algorithmic thinking as a new dimension of learning in higher education. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of methodological literature, and the experience of students, teachers, and academic staff. The article considers the essence, main properties, and characteristics of algorithmic thinking, suggests the universal sequence of algorithm development and model of algorithmic thinking as well as determines its importance for any subjects outside the information and communications technology area. The materials of the article can be useful for lecturers, professors, and other academic staff of universities and institutes when studying any subjects related to the basic and professional training of students.
Analysing of the Relationship between Team Cohesion and Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors of Athletes Taking Groundwork Training in Professional Football Teams
Authors: Pepe Osman , Başyiğit Gönendi Fahriye Esra , Gönendi Burak , Gökkoyun Ayhan
Published: June 2021

In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between team cohesion and prosocial and antisocial behaviors of football player candidates taking groundwork training in the professional football team of Kayserispor. The population of the study consisted of 172 football player candidates getting regular football training for at least 1 year in the Kayserispor football team and were in competition status, and the sample consisted of 104 volunteers. As data collection tools, “Personal Information Form”, “Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire” and “Prosocial and Antisocial Sports Participation Motives” were used. The data obtained in the study were analyzed in computer environment. Number, percentage, mean, standard deviation were used as descriptive statistical methods in the evaluation of the data. Pearson’s correlation was applied between the continuous variables of the study.Among the subtitles of youth athlete team cohesion; among the subtitles of task dimension and pro-social and anti-social behaviors, a moderate positive relationship between pro-social behavior towards teammate and a low level positive relationship between pro-social behavior against the opponent were detected. While a moderate negative relationship was detected between social behavior, there was no relationship between pro-social behavior to the opponent and anti-social behavior to the opponent, one of the subtitles of social dimension and pro-social and anti-social behavior. A low-level negative correlation was found between anti-social behavior towards teammate As a result, in Kayserispor football team, it has been observed that athletes who take groundwork training have a high level of cohesion both in terms of their duties and social aspects, they have positive attitudes and behaviors towards their teammates and the opponent both in or outside of the training or competition, regardless of the situation of the training or the competition, they think that they should stay away from humiliating and disabling attitudes and behaviors. It is thought that this is due to the strong emotional relationship among the team members and the high level of closeness to each other, and the respect they have for the opponent team players who are moving towards the same goal as themselves.
Acquisition of English Argument Patterns By Russian EFL Students
Authors: Amatov Alexander Mikhailovich , Sedykh Arkadiy Petrovich , Sidorova Tatyana Alexandrovna , Kotsova Elena Evgenjevna , Akimova Elvira Nikolajevna , Skvortsov Konstantin Viktorovich
Published: June 2021

Foreign (especially English) language learning has witnessed growing popularity in Russia over the last decades due to the enormous change in economic, political, legal, and cultural domains in the current period. The increasing need for good English speaking and writing skills put forward a demand for the accurate use of lexical items and grammatical structures by those who study English as a foreign language (EFL). Lexical and grammatical accuracy acquires a crucial importance in reasoning and argumentation. A slapdash word or syntactic construction in the argument structure may submit the listener to a conclusion, which is completely different from what the speaker implied. Such issues may be particularly frustrating in academic, legal, business, medical, and other types of institutional discourse. The rules of Aristotelian logic, underlying the good majority of reasoning structures, are generic. Therefore, it is a certain difference between the two languages, native (Russian) and foreign (English), that makes Russian students of English misinterprete logical chains and use irrelevant lexical items and grammatical constructions.
The Relationship Between Attachment Styles, Emotional Intelligence, and Self-esteem in Only-child Families and Two-children Families
Authors: Rahmani Noora , Ulu Ezgi
Published: June 2021

Emotional intelligence, attachment style, and self-esteem are important variables in social interaction that can affect the social relationship. Also having one child is an important issue in which parents are worried about it which is the adolescent's single families have weaknesses in social relationships and interaction? In this study, the researcher tries to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence, attachment style, and self-esteem in single-child and two-children adolescents aged range 13-17 (male and female).
Spiritual Education in Russia: Law and Theology
Authors: Lutovinova Natalya Viktorovna , Zolotareva Alla Efratovna , Tchinaryan Elena Olegovna , Loshkarev Igor Olegovich
Published: June 2021

It is impossible to imagine modern life without education. It allows a person to learn something new, to know the reality around, to realize their abilities, to reveal their talents, to find a vocation in life. Education is not only the process of learning new information, but it is also the upbringing and development of the individual, their exposure to the world and national culture, the formation of a certain system of values. Currently, there are several problems in education, like in any other public sphere, that cause active discussion in society and require resolution at the legislative level. This article presents a legal study of spiritual education, taking into account its legal regulation and implementation in Russia at the present stage. The authors of the article consider the most important aspects of the implementation of the right to spiritual education in Russia and conduct a comparative legal analysis of the Russian legislation on spiritual education. The article considers the types of educational organizations that provide religious education and their educational programs, describes the foreign experience of religious education, and conducts a systematic analysis of educational standards of higher education. The authors identify current problems in the field of organization and implementation of religious education, give recommendations for their solution, and indicate areas for improving legislation on religious education. It is concluded that the introduction of subjects teaching religion in educational institutions is legal in compliance with the principle of voluntary choice of education.
Organizational Justice Perception of Work Performance and Relationship of Work Performance with the Organizational Opposition Level: A Study on Physical Education and Sports Teachers (Istanbul Province Example
Authors: Pekel Aydın
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the job performance of physical education and sports teachers and their level of organizational justice and opposition. The study group was composed of 575 physical education and teachers of sports who were selected by the simple random method among individuals who worked as physical education and sports teachers in the state schools affiliated to the Istanbul Provincial Directorate of National Education in the 2019-2020 academic year.
Predicting Academic Emotions based on Spiritual Well-being and Life Satisfaction in Students of Shahrekord Girls' Technical and Vocational School
Authors: Ataei Zahra , Chorami Maryam
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to predict the academic emotions based on spiritual well-being and life satisfaction in students of Shahrekord Girls' Technical and Vocational School. This was a descriptive correlational study. The study population consisted of all students of Shahrekord Girls' Technical and Vocational School in the 2018-2019 school year. A total of 210 students were selected by the stratified random sampling.
Protest Consciousness of the Russian Youth (on the Example of the Russian Far East)
Authors: Borisovich Marin Egor
Published: June 2021

In Russian history and culture, various kinds of protests and uprisings have always played an important role. One can recall periodical civilian riots and uprisings in the Russian Empire; the revolution of 1917 that changed the world history. Political processes in a country have often been a pendulum swinging between extremes such as passive loyalty and riot. In recent years, a relative stability of society and power has been achieved, the foundations of which are sometimes referred to as a social contract. However, the beginning of protest in Russian society is increasingly shows itself. The publication presents materials of semantic reconstruction of ideas about various forms of social protest among Russian youth. The study made it possible to reconstruct structural and informatory characteristics of young people's ideas about five significant forms of collective protest: petition, rally, strike, riot and uprising. Comparative analysis shows that the closest form of protest to young people is such a form of protest as a rally, such a form as a petition is also positively assessed. Young people don’t associate radical forms of protest, such as riot and uprising, with values and goals that are meaningful to them.
The Crosstalk of Melatonin and Hydrogen Sulfide Determines Photosynthetic Performance by Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Wheat under Heat Stress
Authors: Iqbal Noushina , Fatma Mehar , Gautam Harsha , Umar Shahid , Sofo Adriano , D'Ippolito Ilaria , Khan Nafees A.
Published: June 2021

Photosynthesis is a pivotal process that determines the synthesis of carbohydrates required for sustaining growth under normal or stress situation. Stress exposure reduces the photosynthetic potential owing to the excess synthesis of reactive oxygen species that disturb the proper functioning of photosynthetic apparatus. This decreased photosynthesis is associated with disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism resulting in reduced growth under stress. We evaluated the importance of melatonin in reducing heat stress-induced severity in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). The plants were subjected to 25 ˚C (optimum temperature) or 40 ˚C (heat stress) for 15 days at 6 hours time duration and then developed the plants for 30 days. Heat stress led to oxidative stress with increased production of TBARS and H2O2 content and reduced accrual of total soluble sugars, starch and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes which are reflected in reduced photosynthesis. Application of melatonin not only reduced oxidative stress through lowering TBARS and H2O2 content, through augmenting the activity of antioxidative enzymes but also increased the photosynthesis in plant and carbohydrate metabolism that is needed to provide energy and carbon skeleton to the developing plant under stress. However, the increase in these parameters with melatonin was mediated via hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the inhibition of H2S by hypotaurine (HT; H2S inhibitor) reversed the ameliorative effect of melatonin. This suggests a crosstalk of melatonin and H2S in protecting heat stress-induced photosynthetic inhibition via regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
On Some Aspects of the Structure-Property Relationships in SLM 3D-Printed Aluminum Alloy Parts
Authors: Somov Pavel A. , Statnik Eugene S. , Malakhova Yuliya , Nyaza Kirill V. , Salimon Alexey I. , Ryabov Dmitry , Korsunsky Alexander M.
Published: June 2021

Recent years witnessed progressive broadening of the practical use of 3D-printed aluminium alloy parts, in particular for specific aerospace applications where weight saving is of great importance. Selective laser melting (SLM) is an intrinsically multi-parametric fabrication technology that offers multiple means of controlling mechanical properties (elastic moduli, yield strength, ductility) through the control over grains size, shape, and orientation. Ultimately, this approach implies that structural elements can be purposefully fabricated to reinforce specific zones and directions where higher mechanical loads are anticipated by design. Targeted control over mechanical properties is achieved through the tuning of 3D-printing parameters and may even obviate the need of heat treatment or mechanical post-processing. Systematic studies of grain structure for different printing orientation with the help of EBSD techniques in combination with mechanical testing at different dimensional levels are the necessary first steps to implement this agenda. Samples of 3D-printable Al-Mg-Si RS-333 alloy were fabricated in 3 orientations with respect to the principal build direction and the fast laser beam scanning direction. Sample structure and proper-ties were investigated using a number of techniques, including EBSD, in situ SEM tensile testing, roughness measurements and nanoindentation. The as-printed samples we found to display strong variation in Young’s modulus values from nanoindentation (from 43 to 66 GPa) and tensile tests (from 54 to 75 GPa), yield stress and ultimate tensile strength (100…195 and 130…220 MPa) in different printing orientations, and almost constant hardness of about 0.8 GPa. A further preliminary study was conducted of the effect of surface finishing on the mechanical performance. Surface polishing appears to reduce Young’s modulus and yield strength, but improves ductility, whereas the influence of sand blasting is more controversial. The experimental results are dis-cussed in connection with the grain morphology and orientation.
Improvement of the secondary aluminium metallurgical quality by means of an adequate melt treatment.
Authors: Baquedano Asier , Niklas Andrea , Fernández-Calvo Ana Isabel , Plata Gorka , Lozares Jokin , Berlanga-Labari Carlos
Published: June 2021

This work has the purpose to demonstrate that if an adequate melt treatment is applied, it is pos-sible to obtain recycled aluminium alloy AlSi10MnMg(Fe) with as good metal cleanliness than primary AlSi10MnMg alloy. The melt quality is assessed by the thermal analysis, density index, macro- and micro-inclusions tests, of one primary and two secondary alloys, before and after the melt treatment. The melt treatment is based on deoxidation, degassing and skimming with de-tailed procedure described in this article. The different analysis are: Thermal analysis to compare the variables of the solidification cooling curve (Al primary temperature and its undercooling; Al-Si eutectic temperature and its recalescence); Density index is used to evaluate the hydrogen gas content in the melt; Macroinclusions level is analysed after solidifying the melt under vacuum of 5 mbar, favouring inclusion floatation to the sample surface; Microinclusion level is evaluate with porous disc filtration apparatus (similar to PoDFA).
Influence of Fusarium graminearum Infection on the Accumulation of Mycotoxins in Wheat Grains
Authors: Cotuna Otilia , Paraschivu Mirela , Sărățeanu Veronica , Partal Elena , Durău Carmen Claudia
Published: June 2021

Fusarium graminearum is a dangerous pathogen of the cereals producing mycotoxins (trichothecene and zearalenone) harmful for human and animal health. There were evaluated sixteen winter wheat varieties for their response in conditions of natural infection with F. graminearum in the epidemic year 2019, being well known that accumulation of mycotoxins (DON, ZON and T-2) is induced by different biotic and abiotic factors. Field plot was organized in Latin rectangle randomized with three replicates. For all evaluated wheat varieties were collected field data (incidence, severity and infection degree of the fungus F. graminearum) and laboratory data (mycotoxins concentration in grains) that have been processed using the software JASP (Version 0.14) for descriptive statistics, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to calculate Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The results showed negative corelation between plants’ density and F. graminearum attack frequency. Positive correlations were found between DON and T-2 and between DON and fungus attack intensity. This work highlights that during a F. graminearum epidemic year some of the most influential factors in the contamination with harmful mycotoxins (DON, ZON and T-2) are: plants density, frequency of the attack on ear, diseased ears and attack intensity on ears.
Influencing Factors of Stroke Awareness Among Hypertensive Patients in Community Health Centers in Indonesia
Authors: Setyopranoto Ismail , Upoyo Arif Setyo , Isworo Atyanti , Sari Yunita , Vidyanti Amelia Nur
Published: June 2021

The global burden of stroke is still high, particularly in developing countries, with hypertension serves as the main risk factor. Knowledge related to stroke is essential to establish better prevention strategies. This study aimed to identify factors associated with stroke awareness among hypertensive patients in Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in five Community Health Centers in Indonesia. We used a standardized questionnaire to asses stroke awareness and the influencing factors. The knowledge on hypertension was assessed using Hypertension Knowledge Level Scale (HK-LS). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to measure factors associated with stroke awareness. A total of 457 hypertensive patients were included. Majority of patients (77.46%) had low stroke awareness. Having higher knowledge on hypertension, higher income, and a history of previous stroke were associated with higher level of stroke awareness (odds ratio [OR] 1.878, 95%CI 1.176-2.999, p 0.008; OR 1.887, 95%CI 1.170-3.045, p 0.009; OR 5.276, 95%CI 2.210-12.594, p<0.001, respectively). This study suggests that knowledge on hypertension, income, and history of previous stroke are factors which may influence the level of stroke awareness. This emphasizes the need to provide better campaign and education program to raise stroke awareness in a community setting.
Computer Simulations of Air Quality and Bio-climatic Indices for the City of Sofia
Authors: Gadzhev Georgi , Ganev Kostadin
Published: June 2021

Air pollution is responsible for any adverse effects on human beings. Thermal discomfort, on the other hand, is able to overload the human body and eventually provoke health implications due to the heat imbalance. Methods: The aim of the present work is to study the behavior of two bio-climatic indexes and statistical characteristics of the air quality index for Sofia city - the capital of Bulgaria for the period 2008 - 2014. The study is based on WRF-CMAQ model system simula-tions with a spatial resolution of 1 kilometer. The air quality is estimated by the air quality index, taking into account the influence of different pollutants and the thermal conditions by two indi-ces, respectively, for hot and cold weather. Results: It was found that half of the heat and cold index categories are present in the simulations. Their distribution has some spatial features. All air quality categories are present in the domain, with dominance only of the O3 and PM10. Conclu-sions: It was found that Sofia is not so hot and air polluted place, but in some situations, people have to have some concerns when intend to be outdoors for a prolonged time.
miR-378d Regulates Polyploidization and Malignant Phenotype of Tumor Cells Through AKT and RhoA
Authors: Wang Wei , Peng Jie , Shi Susu , Yu Juan , Liu Jianli , Wei Haixiang , Song Haixia , Wang Shaoqiang , Guo Daolu , Li Zhejie , He Shujin , Li Lei , Zhang Hongyan , Yan Zhizhen , Zhao Ran , Liu Yukun , Liu Yanrong , Li Junjun , Zhang Renya
Published: June 2021

Studies have shown that stress such as hypoxia, chemotherapy, radiotherapy can lead to polyploidization of tumor cells, which play an important role in tumor heterogeneity and malignant phenotype. Paclitaxel (PTX) treatment promoted polyploid cancer cells (PCCs) formation, and miR-378d is sharply reduced in PCCs of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) cells, but miR-378d participation PCCs formation and the impact on the biological behavior of ESCC remains unclear. We analyzed the PCCs formation and biological behavior of ESCC cells in vivo and in vitro, and the related proteins regulated by miR-378d. Results showed that miR-378d expression was associated with good prognosis in ESCC patients. miR-378d inhibition promoted PCCs formation, heterogenicity, chemo-resistance, monoclonal formation, EMT, migration, invasion, stemness and metastasis of ESCC cells. miR-378d can target downregulated AKT1, and inactivating the AKT-β-catenin signaling pathway, miR-378d and AKT can also regulated RhoA expression. AKT and RhoA regulated polyploidization and depolyploidization. Therefore, miR-378d expression is a good prognostic factor of ESCC patients and regulates polyploidization and malignant phenotype of tumor cells through AKT and RhoA.
Measurement of Zakat Impact on Baitul Maal Hidayatullah: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Fathoni Abdullah Alkhosik , Bahri Efri Syamsul , Kamal Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Zakat is the third pillar of Islam that must be fulfilled by every Muslim who has a sufficient amount of zakat. The purpose of zakat management is to increase the benefits of zakat in creating social welfare and poverty alleviation. This study aims to measure the impact of zakat on the welfare of mustahiq using the Center of Islamic Business and Economic Studies (CIBEST) model. The research sample consisted of mustahiq households who received zakat funds from the Baitul Maal Hidayatullah Amil Zakat Institute (LAZ BMH). Measuring the impact of zakat using the CIBEST model includes both material and spiritual aspects. The primary data were collected using a questionnaire. The results of the study found that the mustahiq household welfare index value increased by 11.5 per cent. In terms of material, productive zakat succeeded in reducing material poverty by 11.5 per cent. However, the zakat assistance provided does not have a significant effect on poverty alleviation. In the spiritual aspect, productive zakat can maintain mustahiq's spiritual stability. Therefore, as a form of accountability, both vertically and horizontally, to Allah SWT, the impact of zakat must be increased from both material and spiritual aspects.
Observation Versus Debridement of Unstable Chondral Lesions During Partial Meniscectomy
Authors: Bisson Leslie J. , Kluczynski Melissa A. , Wind William M. , Fineberg Marc S. , Bernas Geoffery A. , Rauh Michael A. , Marzo John M. , Scrivens Brian , Connaughton Alexander , Zhou Zehua , Zhao Jiwei
Published: June 2021

Background:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of debridement (CL-Deb) versus observation (CL-noDeb) of unstable chondral lesions on knee pain 5 years after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) in patients enrolled in the Chondral Lesions And Meniscus Procedures (ChAMP) Trial. Secondarily, other knee symptoms, function, general health, and the rate of additional surgery on the affected knee were examined.

Methods:

Patients aged ≥30 years who had an unstable Outerbridge grade-II, III, or IV chondral lesion when undergoing APM were randomly allocated to the CL-Deb (n = 98) or CL-noDeb (n = 92) group; ∼80% in each group completed a 5-year follow-up. Outcomes were measured preoperatively and at 5 years postoperatively, and included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Short Form-36 (SF-36), physical knee measurements, knee radiographs, and rate of additional knee surgery at 5 years. The primary outcome was the 5-year WOMAC pain score. Group comparisons were made using the t test for continuous outcomes and the Fisher exact test for categorical outcomes.

Results:

There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the primary outcome, the WOMAC pain score (CL-Deb: 86.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 82.9 to 89.1]) versus CL-noDeb: 88.3 [95% CI: 85.5 to 91.1]; p = 0.27), or secondary outcomes at 5 years. There were also no differences in radiographic measurements of joint-space narrowing in any compartment (medial or lateral tibiofemoral or medial, central, or lateral patellofemoral) as well as no difference in the rate of additional knee surgery within 5 years after APM between the CL-Deb and CL-noDeb groups.

Conclusions:

Outcomes for the CL-Deb and CL-noDeb groups did not differ at 5 years postoperatively, suggesting that there is no long-term benefit of arthroscopic debridement of chondral lesions encountered during APM.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Feasibility of Developing Learning Devices Science Concept Based on Android for College Students in Elementary Teaching Program
Authors: Sulistyaningrum Heny , Cacik Sri , Winata Anggun , Munawaroh Mualifatul
Published: June 2021

This research is motivated by efforts to improve scientific literacy skills and build the skills of 21st century students by developing the concept of Android-based science learning devices. Learning device are developed so that students can learn independently, quickly, practically, not limited by time and space, and students are ready to compete in the global world. This study aims to describe the feasibility of developing Android-based science learning tools for college students. This device was developed with a 4-D model by Thiagarajan. The tools developed are: RPP, e-book, LKM and evaluation tools. The research subjects were college UNIROW students who took the Science Concept 2018/2019 course. Collecting data using questionnaires and observations, then analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques. From the results of the validation and test results, it can be concluded that the learning tools developed are categorized as good, valid and suitable for use in learning.
Measurement and Analysis of Differences in The Impact of The Implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) Based on The Mann Whitney Test
Authors: Budiarto Bambang
Published: June 2021

This research is a non-parametric statistical measurement form which use the Mann Whitney Test. The aim is to determine whether or not there are differences in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB as a result of Covid-19 pandemic in the Surabaya, Gresik and Sidoarjo areas through the distribution of questionnaires and interviews, a sample of 134 people who were distributed in the 3 regions obtained. From the results of repeated simulations, measurements and testing to answer existing hypotheses, it can be seen that there are 3 things that are the conclusions of this study. The first conclusion, that there is no difference in the impact of the PSBB implementation in the Sidoarjo and Surabaya areas, which use α = 5%, the value obtained Zcount = -0.65745 is higher than Ztabel = +/- 1.96. It is in the receiving area which means H0 or the hypothesis that there is no difference in the impact of the PSBB implementation between Sidoarjo and Surabaya areas cannot be rejected. The second conclusion, that there are differences in the impact of the PSBB implementation in the Surabaya and Gresik areas with the result that the value of Zcount = -2.28792 is lower than Ztable. The same thing happened in the third test, there was a significant difference in the impact of the PSBB implementation in Sidoarjo and Gresik areas. Furthermore, in the descriptive analysis, there are several factors were found which effect the three tests result, as follows: geographic, demographic, social, cultural and employment factors.
The Effectiveness of RADEC as a Distance Learning Model to Improve the Understanding of Class XI SHS Students on Dynamic Fluid Materials
Authors: Zulfa Salsabila Indana , Widyaswari Monica , Fitriya Ulya Aziza
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the RADEC learning model's effectiveness in improving understanding of dynamic fluid material to XI students of Senior High School (SHS) in distance learning (distance learning). This study used a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The research population was all students of XI SHS classes, totalling 154 people. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The sample is XI-3 class as the control group and XI-4 class as the experimental group. The instrument used was a cognitive test. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results showed that the two groups' average value is that the pre-test control group was 58.12, and the post-test was 78.13, while the pre-test and post-test experimental group were 76.72 and 87.19. Thus, it can be concluded that the RADEC learning model is more effective than the conventional learning model.
Ихтиофауна прибрежной зоны Чёрного моря в районе бухты Ласпинская (Крым)
Authors: Аблязов Э. Р. , Болтачев А. Р. , Карпова Е. П. , Пашков А. Н. , Данилюк О. Н.
Published: June 2021

В настоящее время в Чёрном море протекают процессы осолонения и изменения среднегодовой температуры, которые уже обусловили естественное расселение различных представителей фауны Средиземноморского бассейна и Индийского океана и привели к изменению видового состава и структуры сообществ рыб, населяющих прибрежную зону Крымского полуострова. Вследствие этого возникла необходимость в изучении современного состава ихтиофауны и в оценке показателей её видового богатства и разнообразия. Бухта Ласпинская выбрана в качестве модельного полигона на основании следующих причин: относительно невысокий уровень антропогенной нагрузки; принадлежность части её акватории к особо охраняемым природным территориям и отсутствие рыбопромысловой деятельности прибрежными ставными орудиями лова; постоянный свободный заход пелагических видов рыб; наличие разнообразных биотопов; плавный переход глубин. Вышеперечисленные особенности бухты позволяют оценить наличие рыб разных экологических групп и обеспечивают условия для проведения мониторинга. Исследование выполняли в весенне-осенние периоды 1990–1994 и 2017–2018 гг. Материал собирали сетными орудиями лова, крючковыми снастями и ловушками. Постановку сетей проводили на разных глубинах перпендикулярно и параллельно берегу в дневное (10:00–18:00) и ночное (18:00–06:00) время. Также осуществляли визуальные наблюдения. Всего зарегистрировано 70 видов рыб. Из них 14 ранее не были отмечены в данном районе; пять из них [сальпа Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758), красноротый бычок Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789, лысун Бата Pomatoschistus bathi Miller, 1982, зелёная морская собачка Parablennius incognitus (Bath, 1968) и четырёхполосый хромогобиус Chromogobius quadrivittatus (Steindachner, 1863)] являются недавними вселенцами, активно распространяющимися в Чёрном море только на протяжении последних 15–20 лет. Бόльшая часть проанализированных видов (64) — морские эвригалинные рыбы. Солоноватоводная группа представлена тремя аборигенными для Чёрного моря видами — бычком-рыжиком Ponticola eurycephalus (Kessler, 1874), бычком-кругляком Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) и бычком-мартовиком Mesogobius batrachocephalus (Pallas, 1814). Среди проходных рыб зарегистрированы севрюга Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771 и два вида семейства сельдевых — черноморский пузанок Alosa tanaica (Grimm, 1901) и сельдь черноморско-азовская проходная Alosa immaculata Bennett, 1835. Установлено, что сезонная динамика видового разнообразия рыб изучаемой акватории связана с изменением численности локальных скоплений ставриды Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868). В апреле — мае, во время подхода данного вида на мелководье для нагула и размножения, индексы имеют наименьшие значения; в августе, когда численность ставрид уменьшается, отмечены максимальные значения.
FISH-TAMB, a fixation-free mRNA fluorescent labeling technique, to target transcriptionally active members in microbial community
Authors: Harris Rachel L , Vetter Maggie C.Y. Lau , Heerdeen Esta van , Cason Errol , Vermeulen Jan-G , Taneja Anjali , Kieft Thomas L. , DeCoste Christina J. , Laevsky Gary , Onstott Tullis
Published: June 2021

Keystone species or ecological engineers are vital to the health of an ecosystem, however, often their low abundance or biomass present challenges for their discovery, identification, visualization and selection. We report the development of fluorescent in situ hybridization of transcript-annealing molecular beacons (FISH-TAMB), a fixation-free protocol that is applicable to archaea and bacteria. The FISH-TAMB method differs from existing FISH methods by the absence of fixatives or surfactants in buffers, and the fast hybridization time of as short as 15 minutes at target cells’ growth temperature. Polyarginine cell-penetrating peptides are employed to deliver molecular beacons (MBs) across prokaryotic cell walls and membranes, fluorescently labeling cells when MBs hybridize to target mRNA sequences. Here, the detailed protocol of the preparation and application of FISH-TAMB is presented. To demonstrate FISH-TAMB’s ability to label intracellular mRNA targets, differentiate transcriptional states, detect active and rare taxa, and keep cell viability, labeling experiments were performed that targeted the messenger RNA (mRNA) of methyl-coenzyme M reductase A ( mcr A) expressed in 1) Escherichia coli containing a plasmid with a partial mcr A gene of the methanogen Methanosarcina barkeri ( E. coli mcr A + ); 2) M. barkeri ; and 3) an anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME) enrichment from a deep continental borehole. Although FISH-TAMB was initially envisioned for mRNA of any functional gene of interest without a requirement of prior knowledge of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-based taxonomy, FISH-TAMB has the potential for multiplexing and going beyond mRNA, thus is a versatile addition to the molecular ecologist’s toolkit, with potentially widespread application in the field of environmental microbiology.
Production of good quality holograms by the THz pulsed vortex beams
Authors: Benzehoua Halima , Dalil-Essakali Latifa , Belafhal Abdelmajid
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we discuss the quality of holograms based on the calculation of the modulation depth. It’s shown that the terahertz (THz) pulsed vortex beams play a vital role in holography filed, where two lasers with frequency difference have used. The THz vortex beams give new regions of larger frequency detuning and an important value of the modulation depth and fringe contrast (MDFC ratio) for obtaining the best holograms contrary to the Gaussian beams for which the best holograms are realized for small frequency detuning. The particular cases such as, Gaussian beam and single cycle pulses are deduced from our result. Numerical simulations are also presented to study the dependence of the MDFC ratio on the frequency detuning for THz vortex beams and Gaussian beams. This research could be beneficial in holographic interferometry, and it will firmly establish as a tool for scientific and engineering studies.
Analysis of the electrical transport, conductivity and dielectric relaxation behavior of La0.75 Ba0.10 Sr0.15 Fe O2.875-δ (δ = 0.375 and 0.50) brownmillerite oxides
Authors: Bouzayen Mariem , Dhahri Radhia , Saadi Meriem , Chaabouni Slaheddine , Khirouni Kamel , Costa B F O
Published: June 2021

The topotactic reduction of La0.75Ba0.10Sr0.15FeO2.875 with titanium metal leads to a new isostructural material of the composition La0.75Ba0.10Sr0.15FeO2.875−δ (δ = 0.375 and 0.50). XRD analysis of phases confirms that the obtained compound adopts a brownmillerite-type structure. A slight distorted monoclinic P2/m was found to describe the crystal structure. The transport properties have been investigated by current–voltage (I–V). The electric and dielectric measurements were carried out covering a wide range of temperature (300–600 K). Our materials display semiconducting properties as well as mixed ionic and electronic conductivity. At high temperatures, the activation energy values proved to be around 907 − 630 meV, which refers basically to oxygen vacancies conduction. The analysis of dielectric properties and dielectric losses (ε’, tanδ) of both compounds vs temperature at different frequencies demonstrates two relaxer attitudes. A low dielectric loss and low electrical conductance were displayed. Relying upon these values, these materials stand for perfect candidates for micro-electronics devices.
Comparison of Used Locomotive Fuel Filters after Using B20 and B0 Fuels
Authors: haryono ihwan , Ma'ruf Muhammad , Setiapraja Hari , Mansur Dieni
Published: June 2021

The automotive and non-automotive sectors have followed the Indonesian government's policy regarding applying high concentration biodiesel use. Some issues arise from the effects of using a high biodiesel concentration on engine components, such as filter blocking or degradation. Therefore, various parties have challenged to improve both in terms of fuel quality and engine components. Meanwhile, testing of high concentration biodiesel fuel (blending ratio above 10 %) was still rarely published in the rail transport sector. Therefore, the rail test aimed to evaluate the effect of B20 fuel on locomotive engine components. The test was conducted during two periodic maintenance (6 months) using two trains with B20 and B0 fuels as a comparison. This study discusses the effect of B20 on fuel filters by performing tests on used filters for one periodic maintenance (3 months). The morphological analysis of deposits was conducted using a digital microscope, while TGA, GC-MS, FTIR, and elemental analysis were used to determine its components. The results showed that biodiesel filtration in the main filter was higher, and the subsequent filtration showed fewer deposits than that of pure diesel. Various types of fuel filter deposits have been identified, such as hydrocarbons and fatty acid methyl esters.
Malnutrition Risk at Solid Tumor Diagnosis: the Malnutrition Screening Tool in a Large US Cancer Institute
Authors: Kadakia Kunal C. , Symanowski James T. , Aktas Aynur , Szafranski Michele L. , Salo Jonathan C. , Meadors Patrick L. , Walsh Declan
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn cancer, malnutrition (MN) is common and negatively impacts tolerance and outcomes of anti-tumor therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MN risk and compare the clinicodemographic features between those with high Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) scores (i.e., ≥2 of 5 = high risk for MN, H-MST) to low scores (L-MST). MethodsA cohort of 3,585 patients (May 2017 through December 2018), who completed the MST at least once at the time of diagnosis of any stage solid tumor were analyzed. Logistic regression tested for associations betweenclinicodemographic factors, symptom scores, and H-MST prevalence. ResultsThe median age was 64 years (25-75 IQR, 55-72), with 62% females and 81% White. Most common tumor primary sites were breast (28%), gastrointestinal (GI) (21%), and thoracic (13%). Most had non-metastatic disease (80%). H-MST was found in 28% - most commonly in upper (58%) and lower GI (42%), and thoracic (42%) tumors. L-MST was most common in breast (90%). Multivariable regression confirmed that Black race (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.4, p=<0.001), cancer primary site (OR 1.6-5.7, p=<0.001), stage IV disease (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.2, p=<0.001), low BMI (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.5-6.9 p=<0.001), and higher symptom scores were all independently associated with H-MST. ConclusionsNearly one-third of solid tumor oncology patients at diagnosis were at high risk of MN. Patients with breast cancer rarely had MN risk at diagnosis. Significant variation was found in MN risk by cancer site, stage, race, and presence of depression, distress, fatigue, and trouble eating/swallowing.