bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
YOLO-Ginseng: a detection method for ginseng fruit in natural agricultural environment
Authors: Xie Zhedong , Yang Zhuang , Li Chao , Zhang Zhen , Jiang Jiazhuo , Guo Hongyu
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The accurate and rapid detection of ginseng fruits in natural environments is crucial for the development of intelligent harvesting equipment for ginseng fruits. Due to the complexity and density of the growth environment of ginseng fruits, some newer visual detection methods currently fail to meet the requirements for accurate and rapid detection of ginseng fruits. Therefore, this study proposes the YOLO-Ginseng detection method.

Methods

Firstly, this detection method innovatively proposes a plug-and-play deep hierarchical perception feature extraction module called C3f-RN, which incorporates a sliding window mechanism. Its unique structure enables the interactive processing of cross-window feature information, expanding the deep perception field of the network while effectively preserving important weight information. This addresses the detection challenges caused by occlusion or overlapping of ginseng fruits, significantly reducing the overall missed detection rate and improving the long-distance detection performance of ginseng fruits; Secondly, in order to maintain the balance between YOLO-Ginseng detection precision and speed, this study employs a mature channel pruning algorithm to compress the model.

Results

The experimental results demonstrate that the compressed YOLO-Ginseng achieves an average precision of 95.6%, which is a 2.4% improvement compared to YOLOv5s and only a 0.2% decrease compared to the uncompressed version. The inference time of the model reaches 7.4ms. The compressed model exhibits reductions of 76.4%, 79.3%, and 74.2% in terms of model weight size, parameter count, and computational load, respectively.

Discussion

Compared to other models, YOLO-Ginseng demonstrates superior overall detection performance. During the model deployment experiments, YOLO-Ginseng successfully performs real-time detection of ginseng fruits on the Jetson Orin Nano computing device, exhibiting good detection results. The average detection speed reaches 24.9 fps. The above results verify the effectiveness and practicability of YOLO-Ginseng, which creates primary conditions for the development of intelligent ginseng fruit picking equipment.
Impact of remote collaboration-based family physical activity on activity levels and quality of life in children with intellectual developmental disabilities
Authors: Shen Xin , Huang Peiying , Su Maolin , Liu Zijuan , Liu Qian , Guo Yin , Zheng Lan
Published: November 2024

Background

Low levels of physical activity (PA) are prevalent among children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Implementing family-based physical activities as extracurricular interventions offers a promising approach to enhancing their PA levels and promoting overall health.

Purpose

This study aims to explore a novel integrative strategy by combining family-based activities with school physical education classes, with the objective of enhancing PA levels and improving the quality of life (QoL) for children with IDD. Methods: A total of 36 children with IDD (mean age = 16.4 years) were randomly assigned to a 6-month intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). Both groups received adjusted adaptive physical education, while the IG received additional family support. Assessments of PA, QoL, and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) were conducted at baseline, after 6 months, and at a 2-month follow-up post-intervention.

Results

The 6-month intervention results showed that the IG had a significant increase in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) compared to the CG (p < 0.001, d = 3.87) and a reduction in sedentary behavior (p < 0.001, d = 2.28). Additionally, there were improvements in WHOQOL-DIS scores (p < 0.001, d = 1.61) and PACES scores (p < 0.001, d = 1.14). At the 2-month follow-up, the IG also showed significant improvements in MVPA, sedentary behavior, and PACES scores, all with p-values below 0.001, while no significant change was observed in WHOQOL-DIS scores (p = 0.914).

Conclusion

Family-based physical activities facilitated through remote collaboration not only improved the PA levels of children with IDD and enhanced their quality of life, but also positively contributed to the maintenance of long-term healthy behaviors.
Epidemiological and genetic characterization of the influenza A (H1N1) virus in Hangzhou City in 2023
Authors: Wang Ningning , Lu Wei , Yan Li , Liu Mengru , Che Feihu , Wang Yue , Yang Chunli , Lv Mengyu , Cheng Jun , Sun Qingyang , Dai Yuzhu
Published: November 2024

Objective

To explore and describe the epidemiological and genetic variation characteristics of the influenza A (H1N1) virus in Hangzhou City.

Methods

Respiratory throat swab specimens collected from the fever clinic of the 903rd Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) between January and March 2023 were collected. The respiratory pathogen antigens were identified using the colloidal gold method, and those testing positive for influenza A virus antigens were confirmed and subtyped by RT-qPCR. Seventeen H1N1 isolates were selected to amplify hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences via RT-PCR, and sequencing was completed following the identification of the amplified products. The sequenced HA and NA sequences were spliced using DNASTAR software (version 5.0), and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA software (version 11.0) for genetic characterization.

Results

A total of 2,376 respiratory samples were tested, with 680 cases testing positive for influenza A. Of these, 129 positive cases of influenza A were randomly selected for typing, resulting in the isolation of 112 H1N1 subtypes and 17 H3N2 subtypes. The HA genes of 17 strains of influenza A (H1N1) were randomly selected for amino acid homology comparisons with two vaccine strains recommended by the WHO for 2023 (A/Wisconsin/67/2022 (H1N1) and A/Victoria/4897/2022 (H1N1)). The HA gene results showed identities of 98.24 to 98.65% and 98.41 to 98.82%, respectively, and the NA gene results were 98.79 to 99.15% and 98.94 to 99.29%, respectively. Fourteen amino acid sites were altered in the HA gene of the 17 strains, with some strains contributing to the Sa and Ca antigenic determinants, respectively. Seventeen strains had mutations in the NA gene at sites 13, 50, 200, 339, 382, and 469. The sequenced strains, vaccine strains, and some 2023 domestic representative strains independently formed a branch 6B.1A.5a.2a.

Conclusion

The continuous evolutionary mutations of the H1N1 virus genes in Hangzhou City suggest the possibility of the virus escaping from the immune response. This study provides an experimental basis for evaluating the protective effect of the vaccine and formulating preventive measures against influenza in Hangzhou City.
Service product family optimization design for demand-driven older adult home care
Authors: Yu Chao , Zhao Pengfei
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Diversification of demand leads to a wide range of older adults home care services and services market flexibility. In order to quickly respond to changing market demand, during the standard functioning of individual services, enterprises will choose the optimal combination of packages to meet the market’s expected demand and preferences to ensure that the enterprise can be in the uncertainty of the market regulation and has a relatively stable source of customers. The ability of companies to design older adults care service product families based on their operational strategy and financial position, thereby increasing their ability to enter emerging markets, is a key challenge.

Methods

Firstly, the demand of the initial older adults group is obtained. Secondly, the attributes of each service item are classified using the Kano model. Finally, the actual operation constraints of the enterprise are incorporated, taking into account customer preference. Critical configuration problems such as module type, customer demand, probability of selection, and cost are also considered. The genetic algorithm is used to maximize the enterprise profit while considering customer preference. The efficacy of the approach is illustrated by the design exemplification of an older adult home care services firm.

Results

This research suggests a novel method to product family design for older adults care services. The method determine the optimal older adults home care service product architecture system.

Discussion

The article discusses three aspects of model parameters, potential constraints and extended application of the model for different contexts to expand the applicability and relevance of the study.
Risk factors of fatigue among community-dwelling older adults in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mekuria Belayneh Addis , Fentanew Molla , Anteneh Yeshambel Ejigu , Suleman Jemal , Belet Yihalem , Getie Kefale , Melese Haimanot , Sefiwu Zinabu Fiseha , Takele Mihret Dejen , Cherkos Kassahun , Gebeyehu Muluneh Assefa , Jember Belay Gashaw
Published: November 2024

Background

Fatigue is defined as subjective fatigue and a decline in physical and mental activity that does not improve with rest. Fatigue among older adults could lead to future comorbidity, mortality, decreased social interaction, greater strain on families, decreased productivity, and a higher need for hospitalization and rehabilitation. However, no studies have been conducted in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors of fatigue among older adults.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study of 605 older adults was carried out using a single-stage cluster sampling technique. The Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS) was used to assess fatigue, and data were collected through an interview. The collected data were coded, cleaned, and entered into EpiData version 4.6 and exported to SPSS Version 25 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Variables in the final multivariate logistic regression model with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a p-value of 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

The prevalence of fatigue among older adults was 37.9% (95% CI, 34–41.90). Significant risk factors included older age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 6.13, CI = 3.25–11.58], the presence of two or more comorbidities (AOR = 5.68, CI = 2.97–10.83), physical inactivity (AOR = 3.33, CI = 1.56–7.12), poor social support (AOR = 2.83, CI = 1.61–4.96), insomnia (AOR = 5.48, CI = 3.38–8.88), and depression (AOR = 2.65, CI = 1.60–4.36).

Conclusion

The prevalence of fatigue among older adults was noticeable, and it was summarized as a public health issue among older adults in the study area. Our study findings revealed that older age, the presence of comorbidities, physical inactivity, poor social support, insomnia, and depression were all risk factors for fatigue among community-dwelling older adults.
The help-seeking process and predictors of mental health care use among individuals with depressive symptoms: a machine learning approach
Authors: Juergensen Vanessa , Peter Lina-Jolien , Steyrl David , Lor Cindy Sumaly , Bui Anh Phi , McLaren Thomas , Muehlan Holger , Tomczyk Samuel , Schmidt Silke , Schomerus Georg
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The goal of the study was to identify the most important influences on professional healthcare use of people with depressive symptoms. We incorporated findings from research areas of health behaviors, stigma, and motivation to predict the help-seeking process variables from a wide range of personal factors and attitudes.

Methods

A sample of 1,368 adults with untreated depressive symptoms participated in an online survey with three-and six-month follow-ups. We conducted multiple linear regressions for (a) help-seeking attitudes, and (b) help-seeking intentions, and logistic regression for (c) help-seeking behavior with machine learning methods.

Results

While self-stigma and treatment experience are important influences on help-seeking attitudes, complaint perception is relevant for intention. The best predictor for healthcare use remains the intention. Along the help-seeking process, we detected a shift of relevant factors from broader perceptions of mental illness and help-seeking to concrete suffering, i.e., subjective symptom perception.

Conclusion

The results suggest a spectrum of influencing factors ranging from personal, self-determined factors to socially normalized factors. We discuss social influences on professional help-seeking and the use of combined public health programs and tailored help-seeking interventions.

Clinical trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register (https://drks.de/search/en): Identifier DRKS00023557.
Concerns about falling in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment and dementia: a scoping review of exercise interventions
Authors: Dove Erica , Hewston Patricia , Wang Rosalie H. , Patterson Kara K. , Astell Arlene J.
Published: November 2024

Background

Concerns about falling (e.g., low balance confidence) increase fall risk in older populations with balance impairments. Exercise can improve physical limitations associated with falls (e.g., poor balance), which are more prevalent in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia. This scoping review aimed to understand exercise interventions targeting concerns about falling in people with MCI and dementia.

Methods

Using Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage scoping review framework, 968 search combinations were run across six electronic databases from inception to September 15, 2023. Articles were available in English full text, featured original peer-reviewed research with an intervention study design, targeted people with MCI or dementia with the exercise intervention, and included concerns about falling as an outcome measure.

Results

Of the 2,111 articles screened, 27 met the inclusion criteria. Only one article looked at concerns about falling as a primary outcome; in the remaining studies, concerns about falling were a secondary outcome. Multi-modal interventions (i.e., containing more than one type of exercise) were most common, with balance and strength as the most frequently employed exercise types. Secondary results are presented on (i) intervention details, (ii) outcomes and measures for concerns about falling, (iii) participant accommodations, and (iv) components of effective interventions for concerns about falling.

Conclusions

There is a lack of focus on concerns about falling experienced by people with MCI and dementia. Although concerns about falling were not the primary outcome of most papers, the results highlight the potential of exercise interventions to help address concerns about falling and other fall risk factors (e.g., balance, cognition) in people with MCI and dementia.
The coping strategies employed by individuals with chronic low back pain: secondary qualitative analysis of data from diverse adult populations in two sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Igwesi-Chidobe Chinonso Nwamaka , Nkhata Loveness A. , Ozumba Benjamin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The use and influence of coping mechanisms vary across cultures and evaluation methods. Limited research exists on coping mechanisms for non-specific chronic low back pain (CLBP) in African societies. This secondary qualitative study explored adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies used by adults with CLBP in Nigerian and Zambian communities.

Methods

Primary qualitative data from studies in rural Nigeria and peri-urban Zambia were used. Primary data were collected through in-depth face-to-face interviews with adults living with back pain to explore their experiences and coping strategies. Thematic analyses of interview transcripts from both studies were conducted using the framework approach, combining inductive and deductive analysis techniques.

Findings

Participants used a mix of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies for CLBP. Some strategies had both positive and negative aspects, with varying effects on individuals. A few participants focused on adaptive coping, staying positive, and actively managing their pain through stretching, exercise, pacing activities, spirituality, and belief in their strategies. They avoided seeking treatment for their back pain.

Discussion

The nuances in coping with CLBP should be taken into consideration when developing coping assessment strategies and rehabilitation interventions for individuals with CLBP.
Revitalizing faith: an inquiry into political Sufism and religious continuity in contemporary Kazakhstan
Authors: Karimov Nodar , Karimova Risalat-Bibi , Massimova Khalminyam , Khajiyeva Gulzhakhan
Published: November 2024

The article embarks upon a study of political Sufism in contemporary Kazakhstan and patterns of religious continuity through an examination of Islamic manifestations that stretch back centuries, juxtaposed with the current state religious policy. It examines the role of the Muftiate’s “official Islam” in shaping the life of religious communities, exploring the intricate interplay between religious identity, secularism, and public perception in the post-Soviet landscape. The author employed a multi-faceted research approach, integrating historical analysis, policy examination, and an ethnographic study of contemporary religious dynamics in the country. The historical analysis provides a foundation of the religious landscape, while policy analysis examines the state’s contemporary role in shaping religious practices. Ethnography, focusing on groups such as the Jahriyya, Naqshbandiyya, and the Suhba, involves respondents from diverse regions of Kazakhstan, offering firsthand insights into the experiences and perceptions of Sufi communities at the grassroots level, which enriches the study with a contextual perspective. Notably, fieldwork surveys, where the author engaged with respondents, provide valuable insights into the diverse experiences shaping the dynamics of political Sufism and religious continuity. They involved a diverse group of respondents, including religious leaders, community members, and secular intellectuals, from multiple regions of Kazakhstan at both urban and rural levels. The article is of scientific and practical significance as it enhances understanding of religious dynamics in the country, offering policymakers, scholars, and practitioners valuable perspectives for informed decision-making and policy development. The research’s limitations include its focus on specific Sufi groups within Kazakhstan, which may not represent the full spectrum of Islamic practices across the region. The recommendations emphasize the need for further analysis of how prioritizing doctrinal adherence over individual freedoms contributes to the erosion of authentic religious institutions and the politicization of Islam. It also recommends to investigate the roles of Sufi groups in filling spiritual and social vacuums, their potential for politicization, and how this interplay affects religious freedom and national identity in Kazakhstan. This is particularly significant given the state’s efforts to appropriate Islamic traditions for ideological purposes, which has led to a separation between Islamic doctrine and its lived expressions. Finally, it emphasizes the need for further comparative research on Sufi movements across Central Asia to better understand how different state policies impact religious communities.
Unroofing and curettage for recurrent sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease
Authors: Koc Mehmet Ali , Celasin Haydar , Sunter Kaan , Akyol Cihangir , Gecim Ibrahim Ethem
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) is a global concern, notably in Southeast Europe and the Middle East. Unroofing curettage (UC), which provides faster recovery, better cosmetic appearance, and lower recurrence rates in the primary cases, was evaluated with the results of recurrent disease.

Methods

This retrospective study included 74 patients with recurrent disease who were over 16 years of age, experienced recurrence after at least one surgical attempt, and underwent unroofing curettage between 2007 and 2019. Operation time, return to work duration, and recurrence rates were assessed.

Results

Mean age of patients was 29.8 ± 10.6 years, and 61 (82.4%) were male. Previous procedures included excision + flap reconstruction, excision + primary closure, and local excision + lay open. Mean operation time for unroofing curettage was 22 ± 5.3 min. Mean durations for return to work and recovery were 5.9 ± 3 days, and 6.5 ± 2.6 weeks, respectively. Mean follow-up duration was 81.6 ± 49 months. Recurrence was only observed in 1 (1.3%) patient. Unroofing curettage showed a mean recurrence-free period of 156.9 months (95% CI [, 152.9–160.9 months).

Conclusion

Unroofing curettage stands out as a low-recurrence approach, likely to persist as a treatment method, especially for a selected group with recurrence.
Barriers and facilitators to implementing veterinary telemedicine in animal production
Authors: Guintard Ana , Assié Sébastien , Lefèvre Lucile , Delsart Maxime , Dile Benoit , Millar Nikky
Published: November 2024

In France, in recent years, the field of veterinary medicine has witnessed a growing interest in veterinary telemedicine, driven by rapid technological advancements and a decline in the availability of veterinarians, particularly in remote and rural areas. However, there is a scarcity of literature addressing the barriers and facilitators of implementing telemedicine in veterinary practice. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors that influence the adoption of veterinary telemedicine for bovine, poultry and swine in France. Insights from both farmers and veterinarians were collected and subjected to qualitative analysis utilizing the COM-B model of behavior change. Significant barriers and facilitators were identified. Major hurdles encompass technological limitations, regulatory complexities, and concerns regarding the evolution of the veterinary profession. Conversely, the expertise of veterinarians, coupled with their understanding of their clients’ farms, and the potential for remote interventions, emerged as primary facilitators. The study emphasizes the critical role of regulation in ensuring ethical standards and maximizing the benefits of telemedicine. With clear regulatory frameworks in place, telemedicine holds promise for enhancing animal health and optimizing veterinary practice.
Effect of Self-Compassion on the Marital Adjustment of Pakistani Adults
Authors: Bibi Sonia , Masood Dr. Sobia , Ahmad Mustanir , Bukhari Sana
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between self-compassion and adjustment among married individuals. Sample comprised of 263 married individuals (130 women, 133 men), living in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, with an age range from 20 to 60 years (M = 79.43, SD = 10.36). Purposive and convenience sampling technique was employed for data collection. Self-Compassion was measured by using the Urdu version of Self-Compassion Scale (Imtiaz, 2010), and Dyadic Adjustment was measured using Urdu version of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Naseer, 2000). Results of the study showed that there was a significant positive relationship between self-compassion and marital adjustment. It was also found that self-kindness, self-judgment, and over-identification were the significant predictors for marital adjustment. Men and women did not show any significant differences in self-compassion and marital adjustment. Duration of marriage was found to be positively related with Self-Compassion. It was also found that, individuals having masters or above qualification reported more isolation as compared to individuals with lower education. Results showed that people with arranged marriages reported more self-kindness as compared to those with love marriages. The implication of this study in counseling and domestic settings are discussed.
The Moderating Role of Pregnancy Status among Coping Strategies, Depression, Anxiety and Stress across Pakistani Married Women
Authors: Peter Sunita , Abbas Jaffar , Aqeel Muhammad , Akhtar Tanvir , Farooq Khowla
Published: November 2024

Current study designed to investigate the moderating role of pregnancy status among coping strategies, stress, anxiety and depression across Pakistani women. Sample consisted of 200 married women (Pregnant, n= 100; Non-Pregnant, n=100) with age ranged from 20 to 40 years. Purposive sampling technique was used based on the cross-sectional research design. The married, pregnant and non-pregnant women were inquired at the gynecology and obstetrics department of hospitals in Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Taxila, Pakistan. Two scales were applied to asses depression, anxiety, stress, active avoidance coping, problem focused coping, emotional support, religious coping, in married women. This study revealed that Active Avoidance Coping was significantly predicting to depression (?=.25, p<.05), anxiety (?=.26, p<0.5), and stress (?=.26, p<.05) in pregnant women. However, Emotion focused coping was also significantly predicting to stress (?=.23, p<.05) in pregnant women. In addition, results also revealed that problem focused coping was significantly predicting to depression (?=.10, p>.05) and anxiety (?=.29, p<.05) in pregnant women. Our study analysis revealed that pregnancy status was playing role of moderator among coping strategies, stress, anxiety and depression across Pakistani women. This study would be helpful for health and clinical settings to spread awareness for pregnant women, how to handle psychological problems with their health issues.
Assessment of Disruptive Behaviour Disorder, Academic Performance, and School Social Behaviour of Children
Authors: Ismail Loona Dr. Mamoona , Kamal Prof. Dr. Anila
Published: November 2024

In the present study, academic performance, childhood behaviour problems, Social Competence and Antisocial Behaviour of children screened out with symptoms of either Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD) or comorbid disorders as compared to the comparison group of children (without symptoms of ADHD, ODD, and CD) was explored. Sample included children of 3rd to 5th grades between age range 8 to 13 years (N = 806; Mean age = 9.55, SD = 1.27) including (boys n = 453; Mean age = 9.65, SD = 1.19) and (girls n = 353; Mean age = 9.43, SD = 1.35) from different schools of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Disruptive Behaviour Disorder (DBD) Rating scale (Urdu version: Loona & Kamal, 2011) and School Social Behaviour Scale (SSBS) (Urdu version: Loona & Kamal, 2002) along with Consent Form were presented to the respective class teachers. Findings showed higher number of children with symptoms of DBD falling in the academically low scoring group. Moreover, findings indicated children with middle and low academic performance scored high on Antisocial Behaviour subscale of SSBS as compared to high scorer group.
ROLE OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SELF EFFICACY AND HEALTH BELIEFS OF HEART PATIENTS
Authors: Shahed Dr. Sarah , A. Yasin Dr. Shehla , Mehmood Sidra , Batool Fariha
Published: November 2024

The present study was conducted to examine gender differences in self efficacy and health beliefs of cardiac patients. A purposive sample of 100 heart patients with an equal number of men and women was collected from a famous cardiac hospital of Lahore. General self-efficacy (Schwarzer & Jerusalem (1995) and Representations of Health Scale (Shahed, 2011) were the tools for data collection. The findings of the present study showed that health beliefs of men and women heart patients were different from each other reflecting their social and gender roles but there were also some similarities which refer to religious and cultural impact. There was no difference in patients in terms of self efficacy. The study has its significance in terms of the health beliefs the patient population have.
Mitigating the Perils of Suicide Associated with Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chughtai Naeem Aslam , Ahmed Ammar
Published: November 2024

Background: The mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic might be devastating. It has been expected that suicide-related deaths would rise over time, therefore urgent consideration is needed. In this article, we are identifying the individuals who are at heightened risks of suicide or are actively suicidal. Early identification of both external factors (bereavement, job loss, trauma, displacement, stigma, discrimination, victimization) and internal factors (hopelessness, despair, suicidal impulses, psychotic and manic episode, posttraumatic stress, and substance use) of suicide would be helpful to mitigate the risk of suicide.
Methods: Review of recently published articles that discuss the probability of suicide due to COVID-19 and that was available at PubMed, PsycINFO, and LISTA. 
Results: Individuals with a prior history of suicide, having serious emotional and/or medical complications, individuals with substance use disorders and facing serious withdrawal symptoms, isolated and bereaved individuals, people having serious financial complications, unemployment or job loss, and those who are combating COVID 19 as a front line worker are highly vulnerable for self-harm. 
Conclusions: Careful regular monitoring, screening, and detailed assessment of suicidal thoughts in high-risk populations would be helpful in harm reduction. Evidence-based online interventions and careful face to face interactive services are helpful. Specialized training for the workforce on crisis management would have additional benefits. The government should provide adequate resources to manage the COVID-19 crisis.
Role of Interventions to Manage and Reduce Covid-19 Mortality Rate of the COVID-19 Patients worldwide
Authors: Abbas Jaffar
Published: November 2024

Background: Chronic illness, such as chronic contagious diseases including human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis, refer to higher levels of psychological problems as compared with the healthy peoples (Kuan et al., 2019; Van Den Heuvel et al., 2013). Previous studies illustrate depression symptom logy typically soar after illness, for instance, anthrax scares and herpes exposure (Gale et al., 2018; Mason & Lyons, 2003).Methods: Review of currently published research papers, which discuss the mortality rate of the COVID-19, are available at PsycINFO, PubMed, and LISTA.
Results: Even Though the impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) triggered psychological disorders and declining mental health, it has not been widely investigated; scholars expect that coronavirus will have massive effects, mainly based on immediate public responses and situation.Conclusions: Mental health professionals exclusively have taken positions to assist both their greater society, and patients comprehend the potential effect of the COVID-19, help communities, families, patients, and tackle this alarming threat.
Principal Ethical Issues for Research with Vulnerable Population During the COVID-19 Endemic
Authors: Shuja Kanwar Hamza , Shafqat Zainab , Amjad Dania , Tariq Shazia , Ubi Priscilla
Published: November 2024

Background: Since the very beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, the researcher community is working day and night gathering data, writing articles to aware the general public of the various issues associated with the pandemic. However, in pursue of delivering fast and quick information to the public, in some cases ethical considerations were not properly applied. In pandemic situation the ethical considerations are more important to follow, which the current research tries to highlight.
Methods: A narrative review of previous pandemics and the ethical guidelines provided by WHO, CIOMS and other literature was studied. Based on the literature and current guidelines the research has recommended few ethical principles to follow while conducting researches during pandemic.
Results: The present study has underlined several of key recommendations which have been used in previous pandemic situations with vulnerable populations such as; that of mental health, self-harm and suicidal populations. Similarly, the study has also advised using diverse range of methods and techniques to help the participants feel emotionally and mentally relaxed during and after research.
Conclusions: Though it is important in this time of crisis to conduct researches, it is equally important to safe guard the participants mentally and physically, especially those who come under vulnerable populations. The present review has tried emphasizing certain methods which can be helpful in achieving desired goals while protecting the participants.
Perception of God’s Attributes for Mental Comfort in Stressful Life Events
Authors: Khan Maryam , Aslam Naeem
Published: November 2024

Background: In recent years, the concept of using religious methods to deal with stressful life events has emerged as a major concern in the field of psychology. Empirical pieces of evidence have demonstrated the vital impact of religious coping on the physical and mental health of individuals. The aim of this study is to examine how a person uses the perception of God’s attributes for experiencing mental comfort in stressful life events.
Methods: A sample of 53 individuals with age ranged from 20 to 30 years (M= 22.8, SD=1.77) participated in this qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in which participants were asked that during stressful situations which attribute of God they conceive and how these perceptions help them for mental comfort.
Results: In content analysis, four major themes relevant to the attributes of God emerged. That included God as Responder, Helper, Healer, and Provider. These conceptions consequently revealed positive experiences such as resolution and recovery, strengthening existing beliefs, comfort, and mental satisfaction, a sense of personal growth and achievement, feelings consoling and acceptance.
Implications: This study has certain implications in health and social psychology. Counselors, practitioners, and therapists should take into account the spiritual or religious coping when assisting individuals in stressful situations or during counseling etc.
Conclusions: Subjective self-reporting nature of data and lack of standardized measures are the limitations of the study. The findings have practical implications and to address mental health issues and spiritual needs.
Emotional Intelligence, Eudaimonic and Hedonic Well-Being among Students
Authors: Rafique Erum
Published: November 2024

Background: The relationship between emotional intelligence and wellbeing has been an emerging area of research for the last few decades. The study was planned to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, eudaimonic, and hedonic well-being among university students. .
Methods: The sample consists of 300 college and university students with the participation of both the gender were selected from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Data collection was completed with self-report measures. 
Results: For hypotheses testing Correlation, t-test, and ANOVA were computed. Results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence, eudaimonic well-being, positive affect, and life satisfaction. Emotional intelligence and eudaimonic well-beingwere negatively associated with negative affect. In addition, age was significantly positively related to emotional intelligence and Eudaimonic well-being. Post hoc analysis revealed that high levels of emotional intelligence, eudaimonic well-being, positive affect, and life satisfaction were higher in the highly educated group as compared to the middle and low education groups. 
Implications: To enhance student’s educational competencies, social relationship, improvement in mental well-being and their emotional difficulties the findings provides insight for health practitioners, and teachers. This study provides grounds for other researches on cognitive and affective components. .
Conclusions: Appropriate interventions and training are needed to enhance the wellbeing and emotional intelligence of the students’. Psychological wellbeing and high adaptive skills are helpful in boosting and accelerating their academic performance.
Role of Guilt in Relationship of Negative Emotions and Attitude towards Society among University Students
Authors: Umer Samreen , Atta Mohsin , Malik Najma Iqbal
Published: November 2024

Background:
 The individual's behaviors and attitudes are the outcome of one’s feelings and emotions related to life. This study was aimed to understand the role of guilt in the relationship of negative emotions with aggression, bullying, and shyness among university students (N = 270) through cross sectional research design.
Methods: The current study was comprised of two phases: in phase I. Guilt and shame proneness scale (Cohen, Wolf, Panter, & Insko, 2011), Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (Gross & John, 1997), Aggression Scale (Orpinas & Frankowski, 2001), and Shyness Scale (Cheek & Melichor, 1985) were translated in Urdu for present study through the back-translation method. An Urdu translated version of the Illinois Bullying Scale (Espelage & Holt, 2001) translated by Shujja and Atta (2013) was also used to measure the pertinent construct.
Results: Phase-II was carried out to test study hypotheses through correlation coefficient and Hierarchical regression to study the moderating effect of guilt. Findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between aggression and bullying. A high level of guilt significantly moderated the relationship between negative emotions and aggression.
Conclusions: The current study focused on the role of guilt in the relationship of negative emotions with aggression, bullying, and shyness. The present study indicated that guilt has a negative relation with negative emotions, aggression, bullying and shyness. Aggression was found positively correlated with bullying and shyness. Limitations, suggestions, and practical implications were also thoroughly discussed
Post-Traumatic Growth in Bereaved Individuals: Impact of Social Support and Socio-Demographic Variables
Authors: Agha Syed Aziz Ud Din , Haque Muhammad Anis Ul
Published: November 2024

Background. Social support and socio-demographic characteristics have been explored inpast studies which have examined post-traumatic growth. The main aim of this study was toexamine whether social support and socio-demographic variables (age of deceased, educationlevel of participants, and nature of death) are related to post-traumatic growth. Exploring meangroup differences on social support and post-traumatic growth were also focused.Method. Data were collected from 260 bereaved parents and spouses in the age range of 20–90 years (M = 45.20, SD = 14.57). Social Support Questionnaire-Short Form (Sarason et al.,1987) and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (Cann et al., 2010) were used to assessocial support and post traumatic growth.Results. Results indicated positive and weak relationship of social support with post-traumaticgrowth. Mean group differences on socio-demographic characteristics were found to bestatistically non-significant and not meaningful. Age of deceased and education level ofparticipants significantly predicted post-traumatic growth; however nature of death and socialsupport did not significantly predict post-traumatic growth.Conclusion. The findings draw attention to enhancing the quality of social support andconsidering the socio-demographic characteristics in devising support plans for extremelydistressed individuals. Limitations of the study and directions for future researches arediscussed.
Mediating Role of Identity Styles between Feeling Recognition and Sense of Belonging: Moderation by Family Support
Authors: Fatima Sara , Malik Jamil A. , Riaz Iqra
Published: November 2024

Background. Recognition of feelings of their offspring is an essential characteristic ofparenting. Recognizing feeling of their children may help parents in understanding needs andpreferences of their children. Feeling recognition is an essential component of autonomysupport. It is hypothesized that feeling recognition by parents lead to an increase in sense ofbelonging of children to their parents. The study is aimed to investigate the relationshipbetween feeling recognition by parents and sense of belonging in children. It was hypothesizedthat the relationship is mediated by identity styles and moderated by family support.Method. The study sample includes 500 university students (Male=244, and Female=256),age ranging from 18 to 25 years (Mean=2.35, SD = 1.54). Data was collected from differentuniversities of Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore and Mandi Bahauddin. Along with a detaileddemographic sheet, data was collected on Parental Autonomy Support, Identity Styles, Sense ofBelonging, and Social Support.Results. The results showed that the effect of feeling recognition on sense of belonging ismediated through informative, and normative identity (B = .24, p < .01; B = -.13, p < .05)respectively. Further, results showed that indirect effect through both mediators is moderatedby family support.Conclusion. It is concluded that with low level of family support, identity styles have no rolebetween feeling recognition and sense of belongings but as family support increases, feelingrecognition contribute toward both normative and informative identity styles resulting in anincrease in sense of belonging. It is recommended that family support shall be focused oninterventions tailored to increase family bonding of adolescents and young adults.
The Adaptation and Validation of the New Indices of Religious Orientation Revised Scale
Authors: Rahman Khaista , Khalily Muhammad Tahir , Akram Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Objective. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the New Indices of ReligiousOrientation Revised (NIROR) scale, which has been developed in different cultural settings, for astudy of Pakistani university students. The NIROR was developed by Francis, Fawcett, Robbins,and Stairs (2016), consisting of 27 items for Canadian-Christian respondents. It measures intrinsicreligious orientation, extrinsic religious orientation, and quest religious orientation.Method. In this study, we have culturally adapted the scale for Pakistani sample. The validityindices were ascertained on a sample of 300 participants, these included; undergraduate, graduate,and post-graduate students taken from different departments of four universities of Islamabad.Results. The EFA, using the common factor analysis method, resulted in the final structure of thescale into 18 items with four factors, the first factor’s reliability was ? = .87, the second factor’s? = .82, the third factor’s ? = .79 and the fourth factor’s ? =.75. EFA was followed by the CFA ona new sample (n=498) to confirm the factors’ structure. The CFA revealed a good model fit for thefour factors solution of this scale that is ?2 (125) = 291.34; ?2 /df = 2.33; root mean square errorof approximation (RMSEA) = .05; goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = .94; Tucker-Lewis index (TLI)= .93; confirmatory fit index (CFI) = .94; normed fit index (NFI) =.90.Conclusion. It is concluded that the adapted version with four factors is a reliable and validmeasure to be used for Muslim adults in the Pakistani context.
Pilot Fatigue Coefficient Based on Biomathematical Fatigue Model
Authors: Li Jingqiang , Zhu Hongyu , Liu Annan
Published: November 2024

The routine assessment of pilot fatigue is paramount to ensuring aviation safety. However, current designs of pilot fatigue factors often lack the comprehensiveness needed to fully account for the dynamic and cumulative nature of fatigue. To bridge this gap, this study introduces a biomathematical fatigue model (BFM) that leverages system dynamics theory, integrating a dynamic feedback mechanism for fatigue information. The novelty of this approach lies in its capability to continuously capture and model fatigue fluctuations driven by varying operational demands. A comparative analysis with international methodologies for evaluating cumulative fatigue on weekly and monthly scales demonstrates that the proposed BFM effectively reproduces variations in pilot fatigue characteristics. Moreover, the pilot fatigue coefficient derived from the model provides a robust differentiation of fatigue profiles across diverse work types, making it particularly suitable for estimating cumulative fatigue over monthly intervals. This BFM-based approach offers valuable insights for the strategic planning of flight schedules and establishes an innovative framework for utilizing BFMs in fatigue management. By employing a scientifically grounded evaluation method rooted in system dynamics and the BFM, this study rigorously assesses cumulative pilot fatigue, confirming the model’s accuracy in replicating fatigue patterns and validating the efficiency and reliability of the derived fatigue coefficient.
Dual-Frequency Multi-Constellation Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Measurements Unit Tight Hybridization for Urban Air Mobility Applications
Authors: Corraro Gianluca , Corraro Federico , Flora Andrea , Cuciniello Giovanni , Garbarino Luca , Senatore Roberto
Published: November 2024

A global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) positioning is essential, thanks to the worldwide availability and continuity of this technology in the provision of positioning services. This makes the GNSS technology a critical element as malfunctions impacting on the determination of the position, velocity and timing (PVT) solution could determine safety issues. Such an aspect is particularly challenging in urban air mobility (UAM) scenarios, where low satellite visibility, multipath, radio frequency interference and cyber threats can dangerously affect the PVT solution. So, to meet integrity requirements, GNSS receiver measurements are augmented/fused with other aircraft sensors that can supply position and/or velocity information on the aircraft without relying on any other satellite and/or ground infrastructures. In this framework, in this paper, the algorithms of a hybrid navigation unit (HNU) for UAM applications are detailed, implementing a tightly coupled sensor fusion between a dual-frequency multi-constellation GNSS receiver, an inertial measurements unit and the barometric altitude from an air data computer. The implemented navigation algorithm is integrated with autonomous fault detection and exclusion of GPS/Galileo/BeiDou satellites and the estimation of navigation solution integrity/accuracy (i.e., protection level and figures of merit). In-flight tests were performed to validate the HNU functionalities demonstrating its effectiveness in UAM scenarios even in the presence of cyber threats. In detail, the navigation solution, compared with a real-time kinematic GPS receiver used as the reference centimetre-level position sensor, demonstrated good accuracy, with position errors below 15 m horizontally and 10 m vertically under nominal conditions (i.e., urban scenarios characterized by satellite low visibility and multipath). It continued to provide a valid navigation solution even in the presence of off-nominal events, such as spoofing attacks. The cyber threats were correctly detected and excluded by the system through the indication of the valid/not valid satellite measurements. However, the results indicate a need for fine-tuning the EKF to improve the estimation of figures of merit and protection levels associated to the navigation solution during the cyber-attacks. In contrast, solution accuracy and integrity indicators are well estimated in nominal conditions.