bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La carte scolaire, les inégalités et le politique
Authors: Barrault-Stella Lorenzo
Published: September 2021

Depuis sa création, les justifications de la politique de la carte scolaire ont varié et ses modalités contraignantes ont été « assouplies ». Les recherches ont cependant toujours confirmé que la liberté de choix des établissements laissée aux parents accentue les inégalités scolaires. Une autre politique de carte scolaire est pourtant possible, à condition de penser ensemble l’égalisation des conditions de scolarisation et la lutte contre la ségrégation spatiale.
Plus de maternelles pour moins d’égalité socio-territoriale ?
Authors: Legris Patricia
Published: September 2021

Créé à la fin du XIX e  siècle, l’accueil préscolaire s’est d’abord développé dans les zones urbaines avant que son implantation dans les zones rurales devienne un objet de préoccupation des pouvoirs publics à partir des années 1950 et dans les années 1970 plus particulièrement. Envisagée comme un moyen d’endiguer l’exode rural et de promouvoir l’égalité des chances, la densification du préscolaire dans les territoires ruraux a toutefois été limitée par les difficultés économiques des communes, en charge du bâti et du personnel. En s’appuyant essentiellement sur le cas de la Bretagne, Patricia Legris retrace les aléas de la création de structures préscolaires en zones rurales. Elle souligne ainsi les changements de représentations dont a fait l’objet la préscolarisation et le poids des contraintes économiques.
De l’application à l’extension de la nouvelle laïcité : le cas des mères accompagnatrices
Authors: Karimi Hanane
Published: September 2021

L’application du principe de neutralité religieuse à d’autres publics que les fonctionnaires de l’État est au fondement de ce que l’on qualifie de « nouvelle laïcité ». La loi du 15 mars 2004, qui interdit le port de signes religieux à l’école, est l’un des jalons de l’imposition de cette définition nouvelle de la laïcité. Depuis, le statut des mères accompagnatrices des sorties scolaires a fait l’objet de débats dans les sphères politiques, médiatiques et institutionnelles. Le 27 mars 2012, la circulaire Chatel définit les parents accompagnateurs comme participant d’une mission de service public, les soumettant ainsi à l’interdiction du port de signes religieux. Malgré l’avis du Conseil d’État statuant contre cette disposition, les polémiques n’ont pas été interrompues pour autant. Hanane Karimi montre comment un consensus élitaire s’est progressivement constitué autour de l’idée d’extension du principe de neutralité religieuse pour les parents, les mères en particulier.
De la contrainte à l’auto-contrainte. Aperçu sur le gouvernement pédagogique des filles au XIX e siècle
Authors: Fayolle Caroline
Published: September 2021

S’il est une éducation qui a d’abord été une disciplinarisation des corps, c’est bien l’éducation des filles. Au début du XIX e  siècle, elle est majoritairement assurée par des congrégations ou des maîtresses de pension laïque ; l’apprentissage d’une autocontrainte fortement sexuée y est alors central, et celle-ci n’est pas sans lien avec l’incorporation des normes de genre telle qu’elle sera promue par l’École républicaine. Caroline Fayolle, en étudiant l’ouvrage d’un pédagogue paru en 1816 qui contient de nombreuses observations sur les « occupations communes » des élèves au sein d’un pensionnat pour filles, souligne à quel point le gouvernement des corps constitue une partie importante de la pédagogie de ce type d’établissement, mais également comment les filles résistent et ne sont pas de simples corps dociles.
« Donner les moyens de l’émancipation par les savoirs »
Authors: Johsua Samy , Le Blanc Noé , Poullaouec Tristan
Published: September 2021

Dans cet itinéraire, Samy Johsua développe, à partir de son parcours, une réflexion sur les enjeux politiques de la didactique. Si une école pleinement démocratique semble un objectif inatteignable dans une société inégalitaire, la capacité de se saisir des contenus comme de la transmission des savoirs n’en représente pas moins un enjeu fondamental pour le camp progressiste.
L’Orna : une expertise construite à partir de nombreuses collaborations
Authors: Ferrand Marie-Hélène
Published: September 2021

Cet article rassemble quatre témoignages de professionnels qui ont participé à des actions dans lesquelles l’Observatoire des ressources numériques adaptées (Orna) s’est investi, au service de la scolarisation de tous les élèves.
Efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12® on infant colic – a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Chen K. , Zhang G. , Xie H. , You L. , Li H. , Zhang Y. , Du C. , Xu S. , Melsaether C. , Yuan S.
Published: September 2021

To evaluate the administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12® (BB-12) on infant colic in breastfed infants, a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study was conducted in Chengdu, China from April 2016 to October 2017 with 192 full-term infants less than 3 months of age and meeting the ROME III criteria for infant colic. After a 1-week run-in the infants were randomly assigned to receive daily BB-12 (1×109 cfu/day) or placebo for 3 weeks. Crying/fussing time were recorded using a 24 h structured diary. The primary endpoint was the proportion of infants achieving a reduction in crying and fussing time of ≥50% from baseline. Parent’s/caregiver’s health related quality of life was measured using a modified PedsQL™ 2.0 Family Impact Module and immunological biomarkers were evaluated from faecal samples at baseline and after the 21-day intervention. The percentage of infants achieving a reduction in the daily crying/fussing time ≥50% after the 21-day intervention was significantly higher in the infants supplemented with BB-12 (P<0.001). The mean number of crying episodes was significantly reduced in the BB-12 group compared to the placebo group (10.0±3.0 to 5.0±1.87 vs 10.5±2.6 to 7.5±2.8, respectively) (P<0.001) and the mean daily sleep duration was markedly increased from baseline to end of intervention in the BB-12 group compared to the infants in the placebo group (60.7±104.0 vs 31.9±102.7 min/day, respectively) (P<0.001). The faecal levels of human beta defensin 2, cathelicidin, slgA, calprotectin and butyrate were statistically higher in the BB-12 group compared to the placebo group after the 21-day intervention. At the end of the intervention the parent’s/caregiver’s physical, emotional and social functioning scores were significantly higher for the BB-12 group compared to the placebo group (all P<0.05). Supplementation of BB-12 is effective in reducing crying and fussing in infants diagnosed with infant colic.
An optimal control problem of monetary policy
Authors: Bacchiocchi Andrea , Giombini Germana
Published: September 2021

This paper analyses an optimal monetary policy under a non-linear Phillips curve and linear GDP dynamics. A central bank controls the inflation and the GDP trends through the adjustment of the interest rate to prevent shocks and deviations from the long-run optimal targets. The optimal control path for the monetary instrument, the interest rate, is the result of a dynamic minimization problem in a continuous-time fashion. The model allows considering various economic dynamics ranging from hyperinflation to disinflation, sustained growth and recession. The outcomes provide useful monetary policy insights and reveal the dilemma between objectives faced by the monetary authority in trade-off scenarios.
Exponential stability of axially moving Kirchhoff-beam systems with nonlinear boundary damping and disturbance
Authors: Cheng Yi , Dong Zhihui , Regan Donal O'
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the stabilization problem of the axially moving Kirchhoff beam. Under the nonlinear damping criterion established by the slope-restricted condition, the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the closed-loop system equipped with nonlinear time-delay disturbance at the boundary is investigated via the Faedo-Galerkin approximation method. Furthermore, the solution is continuously dependent on initial conditions. Then the exponential stability of the closed-loop system is established by the direct Lyapunov method, where a novel energy function is constructed.
A new smoothing spectral conjugate gradient method for solving tensor complementarity problems
Authors: Lv ShiChun , Du Shou-Qiang
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the tensor complementarity problem has attracted widespread attention and has been extensively studied. The research work of tensor complementarity problem mainly focused on theory, solution methods and applications. In this paper, we study the solution method of tensor complementarity problem. Based on the equivalence relation of the tensor complementarity problem and unconstrained optimization problem, we propose a new smoothing spectral conjugate gradient method with Armijo line search. Under mild conditions, we establish the global convergence of the proposed method. Finally, some numerical results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method and verify our theoretical results.
Las posiciones discursivas en el análisis sociológico del discurso
Authors: Barbeta-Viñas Marc
Published: September 2021

El artículo desarrolla el procedimiento de análisis de las posiciones discursivas, tal como se describe en el Análisis Sociológico del Discurso de corte sociohermenéutico. Partiendo de la necesidad de una mayor sistematización de las operaciones analíticas que guían el análisis sociológico del discurso, se desarrolla una propuesta de concepción teórica y metodológica. Se aborda la noción del contexto y su papel en el análisis de las posiciones discursivas, así como la conceptualización de estas mediante la noción de uso del lenguaje. Finalmente, con el apoyo de las teorías polifónicas del lenguaje, se propone un procedimiento de análisis de las posiciones discursivas con validez metodológica para la investigación empírica. Se constata que las posiciones discursivas son un potente objeto de análisis para dilucidar la pluralidad enunciativa de todo discurso y las relaciones con sus distintas ligaduras sociales.
Place et contrat institutionnels des discussions à visée philosophique pratiquées à l’école primaire
Authors: Auriac-Slusarczyk Emmanuèle
Published: September 2021

La discussion à visée philosophique est pratiquée depuis environ quinze ans dans les classes en France. L’exemplarité de ces pratiques dépasse la seule illustration. Notre contribution propose une réflexion pour ouvrir à des travaux scientifiques complémentaires. Nous nous appuyons sur la récente controverse à propos des classes dites bavardes pour ouvrir aux enjeux d’une étude scientifique. Face à cette controverse on défend l’idée d’analyser de manière approfondie et pluridisciplinaire les philosophèmes comme mouvements de pensée spécifiques provoqués par ces dialogues. Nous revendiquons la validation scientifique de ces aspects peu analysés pour discuter sereinement l’idée d’une institutionnalisation. Le dépassement d’obstacles idéologiques comme le développement d’une formation rigoureuse des enseignants aux enjeux des activités langagières à l’école en découleront. La mise en évidence du contrat de communication au sein de cet espace pérididactique influencera probablement la compréhension des contrats à l’œuvre dans les échanges didactiques. Des retombées au plan de la didactique professionnelle sont attendues. Trois projets scientifiques actuellement coordonnés autour de cette question initient ces perspectives de travaux scientifiques pour aider à faire sortir d’une relative impasse institutionnelle ces pratiques de dialogues effectives entre des enseignants courageux et des élèves pionniers à leur insu.
Le leadership pédagogique : un levier pour transformer l’organisation du travail au sein des établissements scolaires
Authors: Romanato Laëtitia Progin , Thurler Monica Gather
Published: September 2021

Dans un collectif tel que l’établissement scolaire, si chaque collaborateur2 organise son propre travail, les directeurs ont un pouvoir particulier pour influencer le travail de leurs collaborateurs : celui de le prescrire voire, en partie, de structurer et de déléguer certaines tâches. Nous nous intéressons dans le cadre de cette contribution à la manière dont les directeurs d’établissements scolaires de deux cantons suisse-romands tentent d’influer sur les pratiques et l’organisation du travail existantes à partir d’une perception de leur activité de leader qu’ils auront construite en articulant trois éléments constitutifs : l’exégèse personnelle de leur rôle, leur analyse des compétences individuelles et collectives de leurs collaborateurs (enseignants, secrétaires, concierge, etc.), ainsi que leur appréciation de la culture organisationnelle de l’établissement qu’ils dirigent.
Les formes de régulation de l’activité des élèves
Authors: Bocchi Pier Carlo
Published: September 2021

Quelques éléments d’une étude comparative centrée sur des séances de lecture et d’écriture sont explicités pour décrire les processus d’étayage de l’activité des élèves développés par les enseignants. Le dispositif concerne deux classes « ordinaires » de première primaire, issues de la partie italophone de la Suisse. En faisant davantage référence à la notion de schème dans l’acception que lui donne Vergnaud, nous allons montrer comment, au cours de l’interaction, l’enseignant peut favoriser des régulations pour réussir (régulations pragmatiques) au détriment de régulations pour comprendre (régulations épistémiques), qui supposeraient une interaction organiquement centrée sur la production de conceptualisations. Dans le but de comprendre l’activité de l’enseignant et de s’interroger sur la pertinence des modalités d’interventions adoptées en fonction des compétences des élèves, notre démarche met en évidence le caractère contre-productif et socialement stigmatisant de certaines pratiques enseignantes. En particulier, notre étude montre que l’action de l’enseignant se caractérise par un jeu dans lequel les régulations pragmatiques et les régulations épistémiques prennent corps en fonction aussi du statut des élèves. Ce genre de pratiques peut avoir pour effet d’amplifier les difficultés des élèves moins avancés et renforcer ainsi la production des inégalités scolaires.
L’organisation des savoirs enseignés et les difficultés d’apprentissage des élèves : l’effet du rapport au savoir de l’enseignant
Authors: Vincent Valérie
Published: September 2021

Cet article étudie l’organisation réelle des savoirs scolaires par l’enseignant et, au cœur de celle-ci, sa manière d’appréhender les difficultés d’apprentissage des élèves. Nous éprouverons l’hypothèse d’un effet du rapport au savoir de l’enseignant sur cette organisation particulière. Dans le cadre d’une recherche doctorale portant sur l’influence du rapport au savoir des enseignants de l’école primaire sur leurs pratiques pédagogiques, notre propos se focalisera sur des extraits d’observation d’une séquence d’enseignement de la préhistoire par un praticien genevois. Il abordera le problème en posant trois questions exploratoires et interdépendantes : quelle est l’organisation singulière, par cet enseignant, des savoirs relatifs à la préhistoire à l’intérieur des activités ? Dans cette organisation singulière, quelle forme prend l’activité cognitive des élèves pour qui les rapports identitaires, cognitifs ou épistémiques au savoir peuvent présenter des difficultés ? Dans quelle mesure le rapport au savoir de l’enseignant observé a-t-il un effet sur son organisation des savoirs enseignés, sur le sens des apprentissages proposés et sur la prévention et/ou le traitement des difficultés ?
Prediction of Bike Share Demand by Machine Learning
Authors: Kim Tae You , Park Min Jae , Shin Jiho , Oh Sungwon
Published: September 2021

In the fourth industrial revolution period, multinational companies and start-ups have applied a sharing economy concept to their business and have attempted to better serve customer demand by integrating demand prediction results into their business operations. For survival amongst today’s fierce competition, companies need to upgrade their prediction model to better predict customer demand in a more accurate manner. This study explores a new feature for bike share demand prediction models that resulted in an improved RMSLE score. By applying this new feature, the number of daily vehicle accidents reported in the Washington, D.C. area, to the Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM models, the RMSLE score results improved. Many previous studies have primarily focused on feature engineering and regression techniques within given dataset. However, this study is meaningful because it focuses more on finding a new feature from an external data source.
Winning the War on Terror
Authors: Wang Yaojie , Cui Xiaolong , He Peiyong
Published: September 2021

From the perspective of counter-terrorism strategies, terrorist risk assessment has become an important approach for counter-terrorism early warning research. Combining with the characteristics of known terrorists, a quantitative analysis method of active risk assessment method with terrorists as the research object is proposed. This assessment method introduces deep learning algorithms into social computing problems on the basis of information coding technology. We design a special "Top-k" algorithm to screen the terrorism related features, and optimize the evaluation model through convolution neural network, so as to determine the risk level of terrorist suspects. This study provides important research ideas for counter-terrorism assessment, and verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed scheme through a number of experiments, which greatly improves the efficiency of counter-terrorism early warning.
Exploring the Impact of Country-of-Origin Image and Purchase Intention in Cross-Border E-Commerce
Authors: Bao Ying , Cheng Xusen , Zarifis Alex
Published: September 2021

Product country-of-origin (COO) is now playing a central role in consumers’ purchase behavior. Previous studies have investigated several factors that impact COO. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of COO on consumers’ product evaluation on Chinese products, especially in the cross-border e-commerce context. Using a multi-methods design, this study first unearthed the antecedents of COO image towards Chinese products from the qualitative data in Study 1 by drawing on the legitimacy theory and then develops a contextual model of consumers’ product evaluation and purchase intention, integrating the role of a product with a different level of involvement. Using quantitative survey data from 252 foreign consumers, the study tests the research model in Study 2. The findings provide empirical evidence to support the model and highlight the importance of COO cues on foreign consumers’ purchase intention towards Chinese products. The results also enhance our understanding of consumers’ purchase decision in cross-border e-commerce.
Numerical Computation of the Protection Performance Data of Moringa and Green Tea Extracts on 1070 Alluminum Alloy
Authors: Loto Roland Tolulope , Loto Cleophas Akintoye , Oluseye Ayorinde
Published: September 2021

Gravimetric and statistical analysis was utilized to assess the inhibition performance of extracts of green tea and moringa on 1070 aluminum in 0.5M H2SO4solution. Data output showed green tea extract performed more effectively than moringa extract, and at all concentrations studied with optimal inhibition efficiency value of 95.08% compared to moringa which performed effectively at only one concentration with optimal value of 72.38%. Inhibition efficiency values for both extracts varied significantly with reference to exposure time and extract concentration. The optimal mean inhibition value for green tea and moringa extracts are 88.71% and 66.65%. However, the least standard deviation value of 6.22 was obtained for green tea extract with highest inhibition value indication stable inhibition and thermodynamic stability with reference to exposure time. Statistical data showed 90.5% of inhibition output for green tea extract and 9.52% of inhibition output for moringa extract were above 70% inhibition efficiency at margin of error of +12.6. Analysis of variance showed exposure time is the only statistically relevant variable influencing the inhibition output of green tea with statistical value of 78% while exposure time and moringa extract concentration are the both statistically relevant variables influencing the inhibition output of moringa with values of 61.02% and 24.02%.
Daily Telephone Call During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perceptions of Families and Providers
Authors: Fritz Caroline , Claude Laurie-Anne , Hamada Sophie , Trosdorf Mathilde , de la Barre Hugues , Yavchitz Amélie , Clausse Darless , Lemogne Cédric , Godier Anne , Flahault Cécile
Published: September 2021

Background

In intensive care units (ICUs), the quality of communication with families is a key point in the caregiver-patient-family relationship. During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital visits were prohibited, and many ICUs implemented a daily telephone call strategy to ensure continuity of communication with patients’ families.

Objective

To assess how family members and health care providers perceived this communication strategy.

Methods

The study was conducted in a 45-bed ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic. Communication with families consisted of a single daily telephone call from the senior physician in charge of the patient to the patient’s surrogate decision maker. Satisfaction was qualitatively assessed via an anonymous online questionnaire with open-ended questions.

Results

Participants completed 114 questionnaires. Forty-six percent of surrogate decision makers stated that the key medical messages were understandable, but 57% of other family members expressed that the frequency of information delivery was insufficient. Fifty-six percent of the physicians described the practice as functional for the organization of the unit. Among health care providers other than physicians, 55% felt that not having to interact with families decreased their emotional load and 50% mentioned saving time and the absence of task interruptions as positive aspects.

Conclusion

Fixed-time, daily telephone calls in the ICU allowed satisfactory transmission of information between physicians and surrogate decision makers, as perceived by both parties. However, the telephone-based communication strategy could still be improved.
Anti-CD40 Antibodies Fused to CD40 Ligand Have Superagonist Properties
Authors: Ceglia Valentina , Zurawski Sandra , Montes Monica , Bouteau Aurélie , Wang Zhiqing , Ellis Jerome , Igyártó Botond Z , Lévy Yves , Zurawski Gerard
Published: September 2021

CD40 is a potent activating receptor within the TNFR family expressed on APCs of the immune system, and it regulates many aspects of B and T cell immunity via interaction with CD40 ligand (CD40L; CD154) expressed on the surface of activated T cells. Soluble CD40L and agonistic mAbs directed to CD40 are being explored as adjuvants in therapeutic or vaccination settings. Some anti-CD40 Abs can synergize with soluble monomeric CD40L. We show that direct fusion of CD40L to certain agonistic anti-CD40 Abs confers superagonist properties, reducing the dose required for efficacy, notably greatly increasing total cytokine secretion by human dendritic cells. The tetravalent configuration of anti-CD40–CD40L Abs promotes CD40 cell surface clustering and internalization and is the likely mechanism of increased receptor activation. CD40L fused to either the L or H chain C termini, with or without flexible linkers, were all superagonists with greater potency than CD40L trimer. The increased anti-CD40–CD40L Ab potency was independent of higher order aggregation. Moreover, the anti-CD40–CD40L Ab showed higher potency in vivo in human CD40 transgenic mice compared with the parental anti-CD40 Ab. To broaden the concept of fusing agonistic Ab to natural ligand, we fused OX40L to an agonistic OX40 Ab, and this resulted in dramatically increased efficacy for proliferation and cytokine production of activated human CD4+ T cells as well as releasing the Ab from dependency on cross-linking. This work shows that directly fusing antireceptor Abs to ligand is a useful strategy to dramatically increase agonist potency.
Biological Effects Associated with Internal and External Contamination of Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine Sources
Authors: Nautiyal Amit , Mondal Tanmoy , Goel Alpana , Dey Subrata Kumar , Mitra Deepanjan
Published: September 2021

Aim:

In a Nuclear Medicine department, the risk of external and internal contamination in radiation workers is much higher than in other medical radiation facilities. The risk associated with both types of contaminations should be quantified to estimate the radiation dose received by the personal. Here, we designed an in vitro model to see the impact of internal and external contamination of F-18 and Technetium-99 m (Tc-99 m) on DNA damages.

Methodology:

Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 was used for all of the experiments. Irradiation was performed internally and externally (scenarios activity is mixed with the cell line [Internal] and activity kept at 1 cm distance from cell line [external]) using two different diagnostic radioactive sources (Tc-99 m and F-18) of known quantity 37 MBq. Total cumulated activity (MBq-min) was calculated up to one half-life of sources for both internal and external setups. An alkaline single gel electrophoresis technique (comet assay) was used for DNA damage analysis. Olive tail moment (OTM) was used to characterize DNA damage.

Results:

We have not observed any significant difference (P > 0.05) in OTM between internal and external irradiation for cumulated activity presented before one half-life of both diagnostic isotopes. However, a significant difference in OTM was noted between internal and external irradiation for cumulated activity presented at one half-life of radioactive sources (P < 0.05). DNA damage with internal exposure was found to be 17.28% higher for F-18 and 23% higher for Tc-99 m than external exposure at one half-life of radioactive sources. Overall, we noted greater DNA damage in F-18 as compared to Tc-99 m.

Conclusions:

Our in vitro study practically demonstrated that internal contamination is more hazardous than external exposure.
Comparison between Three Techniques for Determining Glomerular Filtration Rates
Authors: Quoc Thang Nguyen , Thi Kim Dung Nguyen , Dang Tung Pham , Xuan Huy Luong , Tung Truong Thanh
Published: September 2021

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an important indicator of renal function. Many methods have been developed to determine GFR in clinical examinations. This study aims to correlate between radionuclide plasma sampling methods (single and double blood samples, in vitro methods) and in vivo Gate's method using 99mTc-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) renography.

Materials and Methods:

43 patients underwent this study, including 31 renal donors (Group 1) and 12 patients with obstructive uropathy (Group 2). All patients were administered with a range of 5–7 mCi of 99mTc-DTPA. Then, renography performed simultaneously after injection and GFR calculation followed by Gate's method. Blood samples were collected at 60- and 120-min postinjection, samples were counted by a thyroid uptake system, and GFR was calculated using a single plasma sample method (SPSM) and a double plasma sample method (DPSM).

Results:

The mean GFRs calculated by Gate's method in Groups 1 and 2 were 85.8 ± 18.2 ml/min and 118.4 ± 13.9 ml/min, respectively. Meanwhile, using the in vitro blood sampling methods (DPSM and SPSM), the mean GFRs in Group 1 were 73.8 ± 15.4 ml/min and 56.4 ± 20.9 ml/min, respectively, and in Group 2 were 116.8 ± 12.9 ml/min and 106.3 ± 18.5 ml/min, respectively. There is a high correlation between Gate's method and DPSM in two groups (r = 0.86 and 0.72, respectively), and a moderate correlation was found between Gate's method and SPSM in both groups (r = 0.49 and r = 0.37, respectively). The two in vitro methods (DPSM and SPSM) revealed that moderate correlation in both groups (r = 0.74 and r = 0.67, respectively) was observed.

Conclusion:

Renography is a simple method but considered inaccurate for GFR determination. However, in vitro plasma sampling is rarely used in Vietnam. In this study, Gate's method correlated well with DPSM and tended to overestimate GFR. Further, the in vitro methods can be applied to correct the in vivo method as a confirmatory test in some cases.
Chemoinformatic Study and In vitro Bioevaluation of Tc-99m-Labeled N-Acetyl Neuraminic Acid in C6 Glioma Cells
Authors: Kumar Ravi Ranjan , Jaswal Radhika Rani , Saini Avneet , Dhawan Devinder Kumar , Chadha Vijayta Dani
Published: September 2021

Background:

To date, the use of sialic acid that are reported to be elevated during malignancy has been largely unexplored for tumor imaging. The purpose of the present study was to study the modeled stable conformers of n-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its radiolabeled conjugate (Tc-99m-Neu5Ac) through computational chemistry approach and its in-vitro bioevaluation in rat C6 cell lines.

Materials and Methods:

The Neu5Ac was radiolabeled with Tc-99m using stannous reduction method and the radiochemical purity of Tc-99m-Neu5Ac was determined by instant thin layer chromatography. A Cheminformatic study of Tc-99m-Neu5Ac was performed by using Marvin application of ChemAxon. Glioma cancer cells were taken to evaluate the cytotoxicity and binding efficacy of Tc-99m-Neu5Ac.

Results:

Cheminformatic studies exhibited that the most stable conformer of Tc-99m-Neu5Ac is 15 kcal/mol more stable energetically over least stable conformer. The radiochemical yield of Tc-99m labeled Neu5Ac was observed to be greater than 90%. Further, the radiolabeled complex (Tc-99m-Neu5Ac)exhibited specificity for C6 glioma with time and concentration dependent cytotoxicity.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Tc-99m-Neu5Ac has the potential to be exploited as an in-vivo radionuclide probe for tumor imaging.
Prediction of Absorbed Dose to Normal Organs with Endocrine Tumors for I-131 by use of 99mTC Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography and Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission Simulation
Authors: Asl Rohollah Ghahraman , Sabbaghi Rezvan , Ahangari Hadi Taleshi , Hejazi Payman , Foroutan Majid
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

This study aimed to predict the dose absorbed by normal organs with neuroendocrine tumors for 131I using single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images and Geant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE) simulation.

Materials and Methods:

Four to 5 whole-body planar scan series, along with one SPECT/CT image, were taken from four patients following 99mTc-hynic-Tyr3-octreotide radiotracer injection. After image quantification, the residence time of each organ was calculated using the image analysis and the activity time curves. The energy deposit and dose conversion (S-value) were extracted from the GATE simulation for the target organs of each patient. Using the residence times and S-values, the mean absorbed dose for the target organs of each patient was calculated and compared with the data obtained from the standard method.

Results:

Very close agreement was obtained between the S-value of the self–organ irradiation. The mean percentage difference between the two methods (i.e. GATE and Medical Internal Radiation Dose [MIRD]) was 1.8%, while a weak agreement was observed for cross-organ irradiation. The percentage difference between the total absorbed doses by the organs was 2%. The percentage difference between the absorbed doses obtained for tumors and three considered normal organs estimated by the GATE method was slightly higher than the MIRD method (about 11% on average for tumors).

Conclusion:

Regardless of the small difference between the obtained results for the organs and absorbed doses of the tumors in the present study, patient-specific dosimetry by the GATE methods is useful and essential for therapeutic radionuclides such as 131I due to high cross-dose effects, especially for young adult patients, to ensure the radiation safety and increase the effectiveness of the treatment.
Educational Resources Used by 1st-Year Medical Students
Authors: Mondal Himel , Dutta Sumita , Mondal Shaikat , Sahoo Manas Ranjan , Saha Koushik , Mondal Sarika
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

A dynamic teaching–learning environment is being established in Indian medical institutions with the implementation of a competency-based medical education curriculum. This new curriculum may change the previous pattern of usage of educational resources by the medical students. We aimed to explore the pattern of usage of resources by the 1st-year medical students.

Material and Methods:

We invited 1st-year medical students of three medical colleges for an online survey. There were 17 statements in the questionnaire with 5-point Likert-type response options to collect data on the preference of type of classes, frequency of collection of notes, pattern of reading, and usage of multimedia.

Results:

A total of 127 (response rate 42.6%) students participated in the survey. Practical classes were the most preferred type of class followed by small group teaching. Students preferred to take notes from 1-h lectures than making notes while reading books. Traditional textbooks were the most preferred material read by the students followed by the question–answer type book. E-book downloaded on the smartphone was preferred over the online e-book. Internet searches and watching YouTube™ videos were popular than watching e-content provided with the textbook. Discussion and

Conclusion:

In the age of smartphones and the internet, traditional learning resources are still popular among 1st-year medical students. However, learning is reinforced by widely available electronic content. Hence, blended teaching with both traditional and e-resource may be considered by medical teachers.
Wax Versus Plastinated Models in Teaching Human Anatomy to Health-Care Professionals. A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Boscolo-Berto Rafael , Tortorella Cinzia , Macchi Veronica , Porzionato Andrea , De Caro Raffaele
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Teaching anatomy moved from teacher-centered to student-centered learning. Three-dimensional models help to improve self-learning of basic concepts other than anatomical spatial relationships. Wax and plastinated models were compared for appropriateness and safety in teaching human anatomy to health-care professionals.

Material and Methods:

Randomized crossover trial. The CONSORT checklist for randomized crossover trials was followed. Eighteen volunteer physiotherapy students at the University of Padova were randomized into two crossing-over groups applying to wax and plastinated heart models. Final Likert survey scales were administered.

Results:

They reported that the wax models presented a more pleasant smell, a better chromatic appearance, and superior ease of handling than plastinated models, with a higher degree of perceived biological safety. Wax models were judged less suitable for educational use and for clarifying anatomical doubts, both in assessing external and internal anatomical details.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Overall, the plastinated models were considered more suitable for educational use in teaching internal and external anatomical details. The wax models showed a better appearance, ease of handling, and a minor perceived biological hazard.
Harbin's Index
Authors: Contractor Jaikumar B. , Patel Vipul D. , Vaniya V. H.
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Liver cirrhosis is essentially an end stage liver fibrosis that develops as a continuation of normal wound healing in response to chronic liver injury. While 1/4th of cirrhotic livers are morphologically normal in size and configuration, on computerized tomography, over 1/3rd are diffusely atrophic and almost 50% manifest focal hypertrophy most commonly in the caudate lobe concomitant with segmental atrophy of the right lobe.

Aims and Objectives:

To analyze the morphometric measurements of the right lobe and determine the C/RL in human cadaveric liver and compare the values of C/RL ratio to previously documented studies in an attempt to provide baseline data.

Material and Methods:

The study was conducted on 100 human cadaveric livers at Anatomy Department, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat. Morphometric measurements were observed in mm with threads and digital Vernier Caliper.

Results:

The transverse diameter of the right lobe averaged 78.22 ± 12.17 mm, with values ranging at 55.06–98.30 mm. The longitudinal diameter of the right lobe averaged 126.31 ± 20.24 with values ranging at 90.54–172.18 mm. Harbin's Index was calculated as the ratio of the CT to right lobe, i.e., (CT/RT), and averaged 0.38 ± 0.12 with values ranging at 0.17–0.61. Discussion and

Conclusion:

While nodular regeneration within liver parenchyma may be difficult to recognize on ultrasonography and any irregularity of the liver surface may be apparent only with macro nodules or ascitic effusion, caudate lobe hypertrophy is a consistent finding with liver cirrhosis or other chronic liver disease.
The role of nuclear medicine in a case of Rendu–Osler–Weber disease with pulmonary involvement
Authors: Barral Carlyle , Nunes Isabella , Nunes Shirleide , Sanches Sandra
Published: September 2021

Rendu–Osler–Weber syndrome or hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare systemic disease. Its primary pathogenic expression is multiple arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and severe hypoxia. A case of suspected pulmonary embolism in a 49-year-old male with intestinal, cardiac, and pulmonary HHT affection is reported. Pulmonary AVM could create an apparent mismatch perfusion defect evident upon ventilation and perfusion scan (V/Q scan), leading to misinterpretation. It reinforces the importance between clinics, anatomy, and functional evaluation. Care must be taken when interpreting V/Q scan and the reporting physician must be alert to the possible sources of errors.
18Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT findings in a case of rarely seen metastatic adult extrarenal Wilms' tumor of retroperitoneum presenting as lower limb edema
Authors: Kousik Vankadari , Vaswani Bharat , Milap Milap , Ram Sai
Published: September 2021

Wilms' tumor also called as nephroblastoma is commonly seen extracranial solid tumor involving kidneys in children. Rarely, Wilms' tumor can arise from ectopic nephrogenic remnants located outside the kidneys. Extrarenal Wilms' tumor comprises 3% of total Wilms' tumor with its incidence even less common in adults. We report the staging and restaging fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography findings in a case of locally advanced metastatic extrarenal adult Wilms' tumor involving the retroperitoneum.
Catalyst-Heating Operation in a Medium-Duty Diesel Engine: Operating Strategy Calibration, Fuel Reactivity, and Fuel Oxygen Effects
Authors: Busch Stephen , Wu Angela , Cho Seokwon
Published: September 2021

Compliance with future ultra-low nitrogen oxide regulations with diesel engines requires the fastest possible heating of the exhaust aftertreatment system to its proper operating temperature upon cold starting. Late post injections are commonly integrated into catalyst-heating operating strategies. This experimental study provides insight into the complex interactions between the injection-strategy calibration and the tradeoffs between exhaust heat and pollutant emissions. Experiments are performed with certification diesel fuel and blends of diesel fuel with butylal and hexyl hexanoate. Further analyses of experimental data provide insight into fuel reactivity and oxygen content as potential enablers for improved catalyst-heating operation.

A statistical design-of-experiments approach is developed to investigate a wide range of injection strategy calibrations at three different intake dilution levels. Thermodynamic and exhaust emissions measurements are taken using a new medium-duty, single-cylinder research engine. Analysis of the results provides insight into the effects of exhaust gas recirculation, oxygenated fuel blends, and fuel reactivity on exhaust heat and pollutant emissions. Late-cycle heat release is an important factor in determining exhaust temperatures. Intake dilution and fuel properties certainly affect late-cycle heat release, but the methods applied in this work are not sufficient to reproduce or explain the mechanisms by which improved fuel cetane rating promotes operation with hotter exhaust and lower pollutant emissions.
The Impact of International Crude Oil Prices on Energy Stock Prices: Evidence From China
Authors: Jiang Mengting , Kong Dongmin
Published: September 2021

Based on a vector autoregressive model and a dynamic conditional correlation generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model, this study explores the relation between the international crude oil market and the Chinese energy stock market. The findings suggest a positive one-way spillover effect of international crude oil returns on China’s energy stock returns. Furthermore, this correlation between the two markets is time varying.
The project space of the region: concept, content
Authors: Дзакоев З.Л.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассмотрен подход к понятию проектного пространства. Проведен обзор состояния проблемы в научных источниках, уточнено понятие «проектное пространство» и его содержание, определены предпосылки, цели и задачи его исследования

The article considers the approach to the project space. The review of the state of the problem in scientifi c sources is carried out, the concept of «project space» and its content are clarifi ed, the prerequisites, goals and objectives of its research are determined, the content is disclosed
Russian Polar expedition and geopolitical interests at the turn of the XIXth and XXth centuries. Part 2. E.V. Toll’s expeditions and their geopolitical significance
Authors: Докучаев А.Я. , Кулаков Ф.В. , Крехан Г.Р. , Гурбанов А.Г. , Лобанов К.В. , Курдюков Е.Б. , Смольянинова В.Н. , Полякова М.В.
Published: September 2021

Русская Полярная экспедиция (РПЭ) была важна с точки зрения геополитических интересов России: она имела широкий научный и общественный резонанс, находилась под Высочайшим покровительством президента Императорской Академии наук Великого князя Константина Константиновича. Оставшиеся в живых участники РПЭ и их последователи преодолели все сложности для того, чтобы спасти и сохранить геологические коллекции, собранные Э.В. Толлем на Таймыре и Новосибирских островах. Научные данные, полученные в ходе экспедиции, были столь значительны, что их обработка продолжалась вплоть до «дела Академии наук» (1929–1931 гг.) и ее реорганизации. Геологические образцы и некоторые документы Русской Полярной и других экспедиций с участием Э.В. Толля хранятся ныне в Рудно-петрографическом музее ИГЕМ РАН и доступны для дальнейших исследований.

The Russian Polar Expedition (RPE) was important for Russian geopolitical interests: it had a broad social and academic resonance and was under the auspices of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, the President of the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences. The survived personnel of RPE and their followers managed to overcome the diffi culties to preserve the geological collections gathered by E.V. Toll at the Taimyr Peninsula and New Siberian Islands. The scientifi c results of the expedition were of paramount importance and were continuously studied and processes until the lawsuit of «The Plot at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR» was launched in 1929–1931, after which the Academy of Sciences of the USSR was reorganized. Geological samples and some documents of the Russian Arctic and other expeditions with the participation of E.V. Toll are now housed at the Ore and Petrographic Museum at IGEM RAS and are available for further studies.
First Commercial Semen Cryopreservation and Main Spermatological Features of Anatolian Buffalo
Authors: BAŞTAN İlktan , KORKMAZ Fırat , ŞAHİN Derya , ŞİMŞEK Seher , SATILMIŞ Muharrem
Published: September 2021

Conventional buffalo semen freezing studies are limited in Anatolian buffaloes, which are overly sensitive to exogenous stimulation. The present study's object was to determine the main features of Anatolian buffalo semen obtained by artificial vagina method for the first time. A total number of 150 ejaculates were collected from three Anatolian Buffalo bulls (app. 4 years of age). The mean pH, volume and concentration of semen were found 6.63±0.15, 1.61±0.5 ml, 1629±222.67 x106 spermatozoa/ml, respectively. The sperm motion characteristics were determined by using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system (CASA); the total and progressively motile sperm values were 57.12±5.63%, 23.22±4.47% and other kinetic parameters such VAP, VSL, VCL, ALH, BCF, STR, LIN were found 94.71±8.48 µm/s, 72.6±7.08 µm/s, 160.9±15.66 µm/s, 7.8±3.75 µm, 29.15±1.56 Hz, 76.91±3.87%, 46.21±2.61%, respectively after thawing. Among buffalo bulls, differences in semen pH values were statistically significant (P>0.05), while differences in ejaculate volume, semen concentration, total motility, progressive motility, VAP, VSL, VCL, ALH, BCF, STR, and LIN were not (P>0.05). As a result, frozen Anatolian buffalo semen can be obtained economically and can be used for animal breeding in assisted reproductive biotechnology such as artificial insemination or in vitro embryo production commercially.
Validation of Wet and Dry Drug Collection Principle in the Preparation of Vasa Ghrita Through Quantitative Estimation of Vasicine
Authors: Bhesaniya Anjali  , Parmar Darshan  , Umretia Bharti
Published: September 2021

Principle of wet and dry drug collection is applied for collection of drugs while preparing any formulations i.e. wet state of drug is taken in double to its dry drug quantity but in case of exception, drug should be taken in wet state and also not taking in double to its prescribed quantity. Here, Vasa is mentioned as an exceptional drug for wet and dry drug collection principle. Hence, Vasa Ghrita were selected as a dosage form to validate this principle. Aim of present study was to validate the wet and dry drug collection principle in the preparation of Vasa Ghrita through quantitative estimation of Vasicine. Three samples of Vasa Ghrita were prepared as per the reference of Charaka Samhita from wet and dry state with equal quantity of Vasa and wet state and double quantity of Vasa. On comparing the data of three samples highest yield (94.16%) was found in Vasa Ghrita prepared from wet and equal quantity. The percentage of Vasicine was more in dry Vasa Panchanga (0.1914%) than wet state (0.0999%) in HPTLC quantification. Equal quantity and wet state of Vasa Ghrita showed more percentage of Vasicine (0.0032%) than dry state and equal quantity (0.0028%) while the percentage of Vasicine in wet state double quantity was in nearer range (0.0035%) to wet state and equal quantity of Vasa Ghrita. So, it can be concluded that Vasa should be used in wet state without taking in double quantity in Vasa Ghrita.