bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A teacher of the future school
Authors:   Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation, Mukhin Mikhail I.
Published: March 2021

Relevance. The educational institutions of tomorrow will have to prepare young human “sprouts” for life in the third millennium, about which little or nothing is known. The solution to this problem entirely falls on the shoulders of the teacher, who must see real life and foresee how it will change by the time of the maturity of his/her today’s students. In this regard, the society needs a fundamentally new type of school and university teachers. The research problem is the following: a teacher of the third millennium will have to realize and accept that a new historical period, which outlines its development with increasing clearness, requires shifting the vector of the entire educational policy to the future. In this regard, the school / university teacher’s activities will have to be aimed at endowing citizens, primarily children and youth, with a sense of the future. The aim of the study is to define the personal and professional qualities intrinsic to the teacher of the Future School, his/her skills and abilities; to outline the algorithm of the contours of his/her activity. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the professional development theory; the concept of forecasting the near and distant prospects of the educational sphere; project-based, personality-oriented and convergent approaches; the principles of integrity and consistency; united diversity; interrelation between the general, the particular and the singular; objectivity; combination of retrospection and development prospects. Results and discussion. Comparing the two types of the pedagogical process, the author shows the difference in the organization and content of the “Yesterday” school and the emerging School of the Future. The article reveals the conditions favouring the professional viability of the teacher who represents the school of the third millennium. Attention is focused on his/her skills and abilities, personal and professional qualities. This is especially important considering the fact that the Future School will employ a teacher who realizes that nurturing must fulfill a “regental” (leading) function in the pedagogical process. The most heated debates were about the organization and content of training teachers for work in the Future School and the conditions underlying the formation and development of the teacher of the third millennium. Conclusion. The article distinguishes the organizational and content peculiarities of two types of schools: the current one and the emerging School of the Future. It also determines the prerequisites for the effectiveness of a fundamentally new teacher: his/her personal and professional qualities, skills and abilities, means of pedagogical influence and other conditions.
Integrative approach to the development of professional qualities among cadets of the Special Forces Faculty of the National Guard Troops
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Fedoseeva Irina A. , Berezhnova Lyudmila N. ,   St. Petersburg Military Institute of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, Guscha Roman A. ,   Novosibirsk Military Institute named after Army General I.K. Yakovlev of the National Guard of the Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The study is relevant due to the fact that in the context of the use of special forces of the Russian Guard to counter the increased threat to Russia's national security from terrorist organizations, the problem arose of finding means to form a "new look" of a special forces officer. The question is raised about an integrative approach in the development of professional qualities of future officers of the special forces of the National Guard troops. Materials and methods. The experimental study involved 160 cadets of the Special Forces Faculty of the Novosibirsk Military Institute of the National Guard of the Russian Federation named after I. K. Yakovlev. The following methods were used: according to moral qualities (motivation for success, Ehlers methodology, value-semantic organization of a personality, methodology for studying the volitional organization of a personality (scale of value-semantic organization of a personality), according to psychological qualities (volitional self-regulation, the methodology by Zverkov and Ehidman, neuropsychic stability, Rybnikov's methodology "Forecast 2", readiness to take risks, Schubert's method), according to physical qualities (mastering professionally applied operations; the control method and testing were used to assess the level of development). The statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and Pearson's χ2 test. Results. By the fifth year of studying, as a result of implementing the program "Prospects for the optimal development of professional qualities among cadets of the Special Forces Faculty of the Military Institute of the National Guard Troops", most cadets show a significant increase in terms of the development of moral, mental, and physical qualities. In particular, statistically significant changes were revealed in: the level of neuropsychic stability (χ2 = 10.225; p < 0.01); the level of risk readiness (χ2 = 13.298; p < 0.01); the level of motivation for success (χ2 = 17.045; p < 0.001); development of the value-semantic organization of the personality (χ2 = 18.240; p < 0.001). Conclusion. The main direction of further research is to optimize the professional training of special forces officers, which will improve the level of professional training of a graduate of the Special Forces Faculty of the Military Institute of the National Guard Troops.
Formation of students' communicative competence based on individually differentiated technology
Authors:   Glazov State Pedagogical Institute, Nagovitsyn Roman S. , Maksimova Elena B. ,   MGIMO University, Rybakova Lyudmila V. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Zamolotskikh Elena G. ,   Moscow Psychological and Social University
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Communicative competence is an integral part of human existence and the main area of professional activity of students – future educational psychologists. Nevertheless, an insufficiently studied issue is the introduction of individually differentiated technologies to improve this process in the practice of vocational training. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of individually differentiated technology for the formation of students' communicative competence and experimentally prove the effectiveness of its implementation in the implementation of professional training of bachelors. Materials and methods. The study involved 168 students of 3-4 courses enrolled in the direction of training "Psychological and pedagogical education" (bachelor's degree). Students of the experimental group in educational and extracurricular activities in the process of professional training implemented the author's individually differentiated technology, and students of the control group used the teaching technologies stated in the work programs of the disciplines. Mathematical and statistical processing of the results obtained was carried out using the Pearson chi-square. Results. The implementation of the individually differentiated technology was based in the theoretical aspect on the synergy of radically differentiated, individually combinatorial and individually modifying approaches, and in practical terms on the training system, including communicative-dialog, activity-oriented and personality-oriented interaction technologies. Significant changes were found for the general cultural (p<0.01), general professional (p<0.05), professional (p<0.05), social (p<0.05), and additional (p <0.01) components. The highest level of effectiveness of the author's development was revealed in the ability of students to work in a team, tolerantly perceive social, cultural, confessional, ethnic and personal differences, and the ability to conduct consultations, professional interviews, trainings to enhance the professional self-determination of students. Findings. The study proves the need to rethink the values of communication in higher education and technologies for involving students in this process. The data obtained showed that the implementation of professional training according to the author's technology allows increasing the level of students' communicative competence from the threshold to the advanced stage.
Hepatites b e c no estado do Amapá: panorama epidemiológico de uma década
Authors: Santana Jorge Lucas Alves , Lopes Luiz Thiago Oliveira , Linhares Murilo da Silva , Mota Fernanda Rochelly do Nascimento , Rodrigues Karilane Maria Silvino
Published: March 2021

Objetivou-se descrever o panorama epidemiológico das hepatites dos tipos B e C no Estado do Amapá, Brasil, na década compreendida entre os anos 2009 e 2018. O estudo se propôs a responder a seguinte pergunta-problema: quais as principais características epidemiológicas das infecções pelos vírus das hepatites B e C cujos casos foram notificados no estado do Amapá, no período 2009-2018? Trata-se de estudo descritivo, documental e retrospectivo, realizado a partir de dados coletados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), acessado através do sítio eletrônico do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS), em agosto de 2020. Considerando-se o recorte temporal de 2009 a 2018, investigaram-se, em relação à infecção pelos vírus das hepatites B e C, no estado do Amapá, as variáveis: “classificação etiológica”, “sexo”, “faixa etária”, “fonte mecânica da infecção”, e “forma clínica da infecção”. Os dados coletados foram organizados e analisados com auxílio do Microsoft Office Excel 2010. Verificou-se que, na década estudada, ocorreram 639 notificações de hepatites B e C no Amapá, com maior prevalência de hepatite do tipo B. O panorama epidemiológico das infecções, de acordo com as notificações do período investigado, revelou: maioria das pessoas na faixa etária adulta (72,21%), do sexo masculino (53,85%), com fonte mecânica da infecção ignorada (70,10%), e com forma clínica da infecção na fase crônica (89,56% – hepatite C; 76,33% – hepatite B). Acredita-se que o referido panorama poderia ajudar a subsidiar o planejamento em saúde para manejo adequado das Hepatites B e C no estado do Amapá, especialmente no que concerne ao diagnóstico precoce, uma vez que as formas crônicas da doença apresentam maior probabilidade de evolução para quadros clínicos mais graves, tais como cirroses e hepatocarcinomas, que apresentam maiores custos individuais e sociais, bem como elevado ônus financeiro para o sistema de saúde.
Assistência de enfermagem às gestantes hipertensas na prevenção da prematuridade: revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Arnaldo Mariany de Freitas , Cardozo Maryanne Neuraide Freire , Machado Eleuza Rodrigues
Published: March 2021

Prematuridade é um problema de saúde pública e resulta de diversas origens, sendo a hipertensão gestacional o fator de risco mais importante no mundo e no Brasil. Ela é a causadora de aproximadamente 90% dos casos. Esse fato mostra a importância do enfermeiro na prevenção do parto prematuro em gestantes hipertensas. Objetivo: Revisar na literatura o papel do enfermeiro na assistência à gestante hipertensa, evitando a prematuridade. Sendo assim, realizamos uma revisão sistemática com abordagem qualitativa. Os artigos da revisão foram obtidos das fontes: LILACS, Google acadêmico, PubMed, SciELO, Manuais do Ministério da Saúde e livros. O material coletado foi publicado no período que compreende de 2007 a 2017. Entraram no artigo 62 publicações relacionadas ao tema. Os resultados mostram que gestantes com hipertensão arterial são mais propensas a terem parto prematuro, com menos de 37 semanas de gestação. A prematuridade provoca várias repercussões para a mãe e para os recém-nascidos. O enfermeiro desempenha importante papel na prevenção da prematuridade. Os cuidados de enfermagem que contribuem para a redução do parto pré-termo são: monitoração da pressão arterial da gestante, orientação para uma alimentação saudável, controle do peso da gestante, frequente avaliação da vitalidade fetal e a avaliação da dinâmica uterina de acordo com a idade gestacional.
Os anexos embrionários de aves: revisão de literatura
Authors: Gadelha Ana Indira Bezerra Barros , Sousa Ana Caroline Freitas Caetano de , Diniz João Augusto Rodrigues Alves , Moura Carlos Eduardo Bezerra de , Assis Neto Antonio Chaves de , Oliveira Moacir Franco de
Published: March 2021

Para que os vertebrados vivíparos, incluindo as aves que possuem seu desenvolvimento embrionário dentro do ovo tenham condições de sobreviver no período embrionário, esses necessitam de anexos embrionários (âmnio, cório, alantoide e saco vitelínico). Apesar de ser um assunto relevante, ainda não havia levantamento literário que demonstrasse a disposição, formação, função, utilização em linhas de pesquisa e aspectos específicos desses anexos nas mais diversas aves, tendo isso em vista, o objetivo dessa revisão é fazer esse levantamento. Assim, a mesma apresenta um estudo de pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo qualitativo com características descritivas e forneceu informações que auxiliam na compreensão de vários mecanismos durante a formação do embrião e o progresso do desenvolvimento dentro do ovo, como perspectiva futura espera-se que essa pesquisa sirva de impulso para que novas pesquisas na área sejam desenvolvidas que possam também promover o desenvolvimento científico.
Organização do trabalho hospitalar e os impactos na subjetividade do trabalhador de enfermagem
Authors: Matos Filho Silvio Arcanjo , Santos Ninalva de Andrade , Novato Barbara Santos Figueiredo , Pedro Raquel Soares , Progianti Jane Marcia , Carvalho Eloá Carneiro , Costa Carolina Cabral Pereira da , Oliveira Midian Dias , Soares Samira Silva Santos , Souza Norma Valéria Dantas de Oliveira
Published: March 2021

Objetivos: identificar as características da organização do trabalho hospitalar, na perspectiva dos trabalhadores de enfermagem, e analisar as repercussões da organização do trabalho hospitalar na subjetividade desses trabalhadores. Método: estudo qualitativo e descritivo cujos participantes foram 22 técnicos de enfermagem e 12 enfermeiros de uma unidade hospitalar de médio porte na região sudoeste da Bahia. Realizou-se a coleta por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e as informações foram tratadas à luz da técnica de análise temática de conteúdo. Resultado: verificou-se que a organização do trabalho torna o trabalhador polivalente e multifuncional; há significativo distanciamento entre o trabalho prescrito e o trabalho real, o que predispõe ao sofrimento do trabalhador. Constatou-se que existe precarização do trabalho e divisão técnica do trabalho que suscita conflitos de classe. Conclusão: a configuração da organização do trabalho predispõe mais ao sofrimento psicofísico do trabalhador do que contribui para proteger a subjetividade do coletivo profissional.
Revisão bibliométrica e apresentação de caso clínico de um fibroelastoma papilifero
Authors: Carvalho Kerlany Oliveira , Sousa André Luca Araujo de , Andrade Ana Rachel Oliveira de , Garcês Tereza Cristina de Carvalho Souza , Oliveira Leonam Costa , Pereira Júnior José Lopes , Sampaio Nelson Cordeiro Pinheiro , Pinto Antonione Santos Bezerra
Published: March 2021

O presente estudo teve como proposta o aprofundamento em relação ao tumor cardíaco Fibroelastoma Papilar (FEP). O manuscrito objetivou um levantamento bibliográfico a respeito do FEP, além de realizar uma breve revisão literária sobre essa alteração patológica e apresentar um caso clinico representativo a respeito do tema.  Inicialmente, o levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado na base de dados ISI Web of Knowledge/Web of ScienceTM sobre essa cardiopatia e seu diagnóstico, em seguida um estudo literário a respeito do tema a partir dos artigos foi apresentado e, por fim, um caso clínico de um FEP foi relatado. Dessa maneira, 214 publicações foram identificadas, onde parte delas concluíram que o FEP é uma neoplasia tumoral cardíaca que pode ser encontrada em qualquer parte do coração, sendo mais comumente localizado no endocárdio valvar e a válvula aórtica. Além da excisão cirúrgica ser o tratamento de escolha mais predominante. E conforme proposto, relatou-se um caso de uma paciente de 56 anos que apresentou o tumor na válvula aórtica e que realizou a ressecção cirúrgica, apresentando a cura. A partir dos dados apresentados, um diagnóstico precoce juntamente a um tratamento eficaz melhora o prognóstico de um paciente que apresentar essa neoplasia.
Estrutura de governança das transações econômicas e políticas públicas de auporte a arranjos e sistemas produtivos locais: estudo da cadeia têxtil da Bahia e São Paulo
Authors: Santana Murilo Barreto , Bataglia Walter
Published: March 2021

Esta pesquisa objetiva, por intermédio dos fatores ligados à escolha da estrutura da governança privada dos empresários, examinar como os atributos das transações econômicas foram capazes de influenciar a regulação das políticas públicas na Bahia e em São Paulo. Para tanto foram entrevistados empresários da cadeia têxtil nos estados pesquisados no intuito forma de examinar as características das transações econômicas desses empresários, bem como a estrutura de governança empregada. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente por meio de análise de conteúdo.  Como resultados observou-se os diversos tipos de transação econômica possuem certa influência sobre a regulação das políticas públicas. Em especial as transações que possuem características com necessidade de controle são as que mais estimulam a regulação. Conclui-se que para além dos indivíduos, grupos e organizações, as transações econômicas e estruturas de governança das transações do ramo têxtil de São Paulo e na Bahia representam uma importante influencia na regulação de políticas públicas estaduais de suporte a arranjos e sistemas produtivos locais.
Coral defences: the perilous transition of juvenile crown-of-thorns starfish to corallivory
Authors: Deaker DJ , Mos B , Lawson C , Dworjanyn SA , Budden C , Byrne M
Published: March 2021

The transition from the post-settlement herbivorous juvenile to the coral-eating stage of crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) is a fundamental step to seed population outbreaks that decimate tropical coral reefs. How the highly cryptic juveniles fare during this transition is poorly understood. We show that the juveniles are vulnerable to attack by coral during this ontogenetic diet shift to coral prey. We monitored the condition, growth, and survival of juvenile COTS during the first 3.5 mo on a diet of Acropora sp. In initial encounters, juveniles often withdrew their arms to avoid the defensive nematocysts of the corals. Within the first 67 d of being offered coral, 37.8% of the juveniles experienced various levels of sublethal and lethal damage. Damaged arms were reduced to ~65.4% of the length of an intact arm, but most injured juveniles were able to regenerate their arms with an average predicted recovery time of ~4 mo. Although sublethal damage slowed the growth of injured juveniles, their capacity to regenerate is likely to contribute to the success of this highly prolific species. Despite being the prey of COTS, coral can influence the survival of juveniles, and potentially reduce their ecological impact by prolonging their growth to reproductive maturity, delaying their transition into a coral predator, and thereby hindering recruitment into the adult population.
ETB2 receptor subtype stimulation relaxes the iris sphincter muscle
Authors: Rocha-Sousa A , Saraiva J , Amaral M , Alves-Faria P , Falcão-Reis F , Leite-Moreira AF
Published: March 2021

Effects of ETB receptor stimulation and its subcellular pathways
were evaluated in carbachol pre-contracted rabbit iris sphincter
muscles (n=51). ETB stimulation with sarafotoxin (SRTX-c;
10-10-10-6 M) was tested in the absence (n=7) or presence of
10-5 M of: BQ-788 (ETB2 receptor antagonist; n=6), L-NA (NOS
inhibitor; n=7) or indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor;
n=10). Effects of ETB stimulation by endothelin-1 (ET-1; 10-10–
10-7 M) in the presence of an ETA receptor antagonist (BQ-123;
10-5 M; n=7) and of ETB1 stimulation by IRL-1620 (10-10–10-7 M;
n=7) were also tested. Finally, the effects of SRTX-c (10-9–10-7 M)
in electric field stimulation (EFS) contraction were evaluated
(n=7). ETB receptor stimulation by SRTX-c or ET-1 in presence of
BQ-123 promoted a concentration-dependent relaxation of the
rabbit iris sphincter muscle by 10.8±2.0 % and 9.4±1.8 %,
respectively. This effect was blocked by BQ-788 (-2.3±2.0 %),
L-NA (4.5±2.3 %) or indomethacin (2.3±2.9 %). Selective ETB1
stimulation by IRL-1620 did not relax the iris sphincter muscle
(0.9±5.4 %). EFS elicited contraction was not altered by SRTX-c.
In conclusion, ETB receptor stimulation relaxes the carbachol
precontracted iris sphincter muscle, an effect that is mediated by
the ETB2 receptor subtype, through NO and the release of
prostaglandins.
Association of the -344T/C aldosterone synthase gene variant with essential hypertension
Authors: Hlubocká Z , Jáchymová M , Heller S , Umnerová V , Danzig V , Lánská V , Horký K , Linhart A
Published: March 2021

The aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) is an important
candidate gene region in essential hypertension. We therefore
studied the association of -344T/C polymorphism of the CYP11B2
gene with the presence and severity of hypertension in
a case-control study. We studied 369 individuals, of whom 213
were hypertensive patients (139 controlled hypertensive, 74
resistant hypertensive) and 156 were healthy normotensive
subjects. The -344T/C polymorphism of the CYP11B2 gene was
determined using polymerase chain reaction - restriction
fragment length polymorphism analysis. The distribution of
genotypes in normotensive controls and hypertensive subjects
were: TT 25.6 vs. 31.9 %, TC 51.9 vs. 57.3 % and CC 22.4 vs.
10.8 %. The -344T/C variant was associated with hypertension.
Subjects carrying the -344T allele had a greater risk of
hypertension compared to those having C allele (χ2
=5.89, p<0.05). The frequency of CC genotype was significantly lower in
hypertensive patients than in normotensive controls (χ2
=9.44, p<0.01). A stepwise logistic regression analysis confirmed these
findings. We did not find an association of -344T/C variant with
the resistance of hypertensive patients to combination therapy,
but we observed an association of -344T/C polymorphism of
aldosterone synthase gene with increased risk of hypertension.
These results support a potential role of -344T/C CYP11B2 gene
polymorphism in genetic predisposition to develop hypertension.
Presyncopal cardiac contractility and autonomic activity in young healthy males
Authors: Grasser E , Goswami N , Hinghofer-Szalkay H
Published: March 2021

We investigated non-invasively cardiac contractility and
autonomic nervous activity during presyncopal orthostatic stress
induced in healthy humans. A graded orthostatic stress (GOS)
paradigm, consisting of head-up tilt (HUT) combined with lower
body negative pressure (LBNP) of increasing magnitude, was
used to reach a presyncopal end-point in 15 healthy adults.
Continuous beat-to-beat hemodynamic and autonomic
parameters were recorded. From supine control (C1) to
presyncope (PS), total peripheral resistance index (TPRI)
decreased from 2300±500 to 1910±320 dyne*s*m²/cm^5
(p=0.004), index of contractility (IC) from 59±14 to 27±6 1000/s
(p<0.0001), left ventricular working index (LVWI) from 5.2±1.3
vs. 3.6±0.6 mmHg*L/(min*m²) (p=0.0001) and acceleration
index (ACI) from 65±18 vs. 54±15 100/s² (p=0.04). Low
frequency variation of diastolic blood pressure (LFnudBP)
increased from 51±14 to 67±11 % (p=0.0006) and of systolic
blood pressure (LFnusBP) from 50±6 vs. 67±8 % (p<0.0001).
High frequency variation of RR-interval (HFms²RRI) decreased
from 385±320 to 38±43 ms² (p=0.001). From late GOS (G3) to
PS, TPRI decreased from 2540±640 to 1910±320
dyne*s*m²/cm^5 (p=0.003), IC from 35±6 to 27±6 1000/s
(p=0.003), LVWI from 4.6±0.9 to 3.6±0.6 mmHg*L/(min/m²)
(p=0.003), LFnusBP from 71±8 to 67±8 % (p=0.03), LFmmHg²dBP
from 6.6±4.0 to 4.8±2.9 mmHg² (p=0.0001), LFmmHg²sBP from
9.7±7.8 to 7.4±4.8 mmHg² (p=0.01). HFnuRRI increased from
19±8 to 28±13 % (p=0.008). Myocardial contractility indices and
parameters of sympathetic activity were reduced in the
presyncopal state, while parasympathic activity was increased.
This suggests a decrease in cardiac contractility during
orthostatically induced presyncope in healthy subjects.
Age- and dose-specific anticonvulsant action of bumetanide in immature rats
Authors: Mareš P
Published: March 2021

GABA exhibits depolarizing action in the immature neurons due
to high intracellular activity of chloride ions. It is maintained by
cation-chloride cotransporter NKCC1 which is present in
immature brain. Bumetanide is a specific inhibitor of this
cotransporter. We studied possible anticonvulsant activity of
bumetanide in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in three age
groups of rat pups (7, 12, and 18 days old). Pretreatment with
bumetanide (0.2-1 mg/kg i.p.) resulted in dose-dependent
decrease of incidence of the tonic phase of generalized tonicclonic seizures in 12-day-old rats only. No effect was observed in
younger and older animals. Higher dose of bumetanide
(2.5 mg/kg) did not affect tonic convulsions but, on the contrary,
decreased latencies of generalized seizures in 12-day-old
animals. Lack of marked anticonvulsant effect is probably due to
relative maturity of neurons in the brainstem where the
generator of generalized seizures is localized. Age- and dosespecific suppression of the tonic phase needs further analysis.
PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FILMS BASED ON BISMUTH AND COPPER VANADATES
Authors: Smilyk Vitaliy , Fomaniyk Sergii , Kolbasov Gennady , Rysetskiy Igor , Danilov Michael
Published: March 2021

Films of bismuth and nickel tungstates were obtained by chemical and electrochemical synthesis. Bismuth tungstate was obtained by ionic layering and electrochemical deposition. Nickel tungstate (NiWO4) was obtained by combined synthesis methods: 1st - electrochemical synthesis and 2nd - combined electrochemical and thermochemical synthesis. The obtained materials have good adhesion with an optically transparent SnO2 substrate. It is shown that the mechanism of electrochemical formation of Bi2WO6 and NiWO4 films is similar to the processes of WO3 formation as a result of electroreduction of peroxide-complex compounds based on tungstate ions, which were studied in detail in. From the data of coloring kinetics the speed, efficiency and stability of electrochromic material depending on its cycling time are estimated. It is shown that tungstates can cycle for a long time with galvanostatic current change and different potentials. Comparison of electrochromic properties of nickel and bismuth tungstate films obtained by ionic stratification, electrodeposition and combined electrochemical and thermochemical methods showed that polycrystalline films have a lower color contrast compared to films obtained by electrodeposition. Using X-ray phase analysis, it was found that the structure of the obtained materials depended on the method of production. Comparison of X-ray diffraction data for chemically and electrochemically obtained Bi2WO6 showed that the films obtained by electrochemical deposition have more amorphous structure, possibly with inclusions of orthorhombic Bi2WO6 and hexagonal WO3 crystallites, while the films obtained by ionic layering have a layer of polycrystals, indicates the fine-grained obtained crystallites. The studied properties of Bi2WO6 and NiWO4 meet the requirements for electrochromic materials in terms of providing high color contrast in the visible part of the spectrum.
PERANCANGAN VIDEO DESTINASI WISATA KULON PROGO SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK CITY BRANDING DAERAH
Authors: Kusumohendrarto Raden Hadapiningrani , Fitri Nofria Doni
Published: March 2021

Keberadaan sebuah kota saat ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh city branding yang diangkat oleh kota tersebut, seperti yang dibawa oleh Kabupaten Kulon Progo berupa “the jewel of java” atau “permata dari pulau jawa”. Namun citra obyek wisata dari branding Kabupaten Kulon Progo masih belum maksimal penggunaannya di tengah terpaan kemajuan teknologi media dan era internet yang mudah di akses pada saat ini terlebih adanya infrastruktur bandara baru Yogyakarta bernama YIA (Yogyakarta International Airport). Adanya kemajuan teknologi video dengan media kualitas 4K (ultra high definition) serta kemudahan akses internet yang telah mendukung saat ini tengah dilirik dan dipergunakan untuk berbagai proses branding. Salah satunya sebagai pembentuk city branding daerah secara online pada kanal Youtube yang dapat menampilkan kualitas video 4K dengan gambar tajam tampak nyata dan dapat diakses dimana saja. Perancangan ini akan menggunakan metode perancangan audio visual yang menghasilkan video 4K destinasi wisata Kulon Progo di kanal Youtube untuk meningkatkan minat wisatawan terhadap bandara baru YIA sehingga terangkat city branding daerah Kulon Progo. Kata Kunci: city branding, Kulon Progo, video 4K, wisata, youtube  AbstractThe existence of a city is strongly influenced by the city branding itself such as the branding used by Kulon Progo Regency: "the jewel of java". However, the image of tourism object from the Kulon Progo Regency branding is still not maximally used, especially in the middle of easy to access technology development and environment such as the new Yogyakarta airport infrastructure called YIA (Yogyakarta International Airport). The existence of advanced video technology as 4K (ultra high definition) quality media and easy internet access that already supported are currently being looked at and used for various branding processes, one purpose is to form regional city branding online on the Youtube channel which can display 4K video quality with sharp images that look real and accessed from anywhere. This design will use an audiovisual design method to answer the problem of city branding of the Kulon Progo Regency tourism objects. With the 4K video design of Kulon Progo tourist destinations on the Youtube channel, it hopes it could raise the city branding of tourists' interest in tourism objects in Kulon Progo towards YIA airport. Keywords: city branding, Kulon Progo, tourism, video 4k, youtube
MicroRNA-15a Carried by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Inhibits the Immune Evasion of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Regulating the KDM4B/HOXC4/PD-L1 Axis
Authors: Liu Lei , Yu Ting , Jin Yanping , Mai Wei , Zhou Jing , Zhao Chunbo
Published: March 2021

The relevance of microRNA-15a (miR-15a) to autoimmunity has been reported. Herein, we intended to probe the potential roles of miR-15a shuttled by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (adMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (Evs) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Initially, CRC cells were treated with interferon gamma (IFN-γ) to screen out differentially expressed genes by transcriptome sequencing. Following a 24-h co-culture with 20 μM adMSCs-derived Evs, CRC cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed. After the determination of histone lysine demethylase 4B (KDM4B) as our target, its regulatory miRNA was predicted by the bioinformatics websites and verified by dual-luciferase and RNA pull-down assays. Intriguingly, KDM4B downregulated homeobox C4 (HOXC4) expression, while HOXC4 bound to the promoter sequence of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Thus, we conducted rescue experiments to study the role of KDM4B and HOXC4. Finally, we evaluated the effects of adMSCs on CRC cell growth and immune evasion through in vivo tumorigenesis experiments. AdMSCs-derived Evs overexpressing miR-15a repressed proliferation, migration, and invasion, while it promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells via downregulation of KDM4B. These in vivo findings were reproduced in vitro on CRC immune evasion. Collectively, adMSCs-derived Evs overexpressing miR-15a restricted the immune evasion of CRC via the KDM4B/HOXC4/PD-L1 axis.
Genome-Wide Differentially Methylated Region Analysis to Reveal Epigenetic Differences of Articular Cartilage in Kashin–Beck Disease and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Fan Yue , Gao Dalong , Zhang Yingang , Zhu Jiaqiang , Zhang Feng , Wang Lu , Wen Yan , Guo Xiong , Sun Shiquan
Published: March 2021

Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) is a degenerative osteoarticular disorder, and displays the significant differences with osteoarthritis (OA) regarding the etiology and molecular changes in articular cartilage. However, the underlying dysfunctions of molecular mechanisms in KBD and OA remain unclear. Here, we primarily performed the various genome-wide differential methylation analyses to reveal the distinct differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in conjunction with corresponding differentially methylated genes (DMGs), and enriched functional pathways in KBD and OA. We identified a total of 131 DMRs in KBD vs. Control, and 58 DMRs in OA vs. Controls, and the results demonstrate that many interesting DMRs are linked to DMGs, such as SMOC2 and HOXD3, which are all key genes to regulate cartilage/skeletal physiologic and pathologic process, and are further enriched in skeletal system and limb-associated pathways. Our DMR analysis indicates that KBD-associated DMRs has higher proportion than OA-associated DMRs in gene body regions. KBD-associated DMGs were enriched in wounding and coagulation-related functional pathways that may be stimulated by trace elements. The identified molecular features provide novel clues for understanding the pathogenetic and therapeutic studies of both KBD and OA.
Epigenetic Regulation of Cell-Fate Changes That Determine Adult Liver Regeneration After Injury
Authors: Aloia Luigi
Published: March 2021

The adult liver has excellent regenerative potential following injury. In contrast to other organs of the body that have high cellular turnover during homeostasis (e.g., intestine, stomach, and skin), the adult liver is a slowly self-renewing organ and does not contain a defined stem-cell compartment that maintains homeostasis. However, tissue damage induces significant proliferation across the liver and can trigger cell-fate changes, such as trans-differentiation and de-differentiation into liver progenitors, which contribute to efficient tissue regeneration and restoration of liver functions. Epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to regulate cell-fate decisions in both embryonic and adult tissues in response to environmental cues. Underlying their relevance in liver biology, expression levels and epigenetic activity of chromatin modifiers are often altered in chronic liver disease and liver cancer. In this review, I examine the role of several chromatin modifiers in the regulation of cell-fate changes that determine efficient adult liver epithelial regeneration in response to tissue injury in mouse models. Specifically, I focus on epigenetic mechanisms such as chromatin remodelling, DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, and histone methylation and deacetylation. Finally, I address how altered epigenetic mechanisms and the interplay between epigenetics and metabolism may contribute to the initiation and progression of liver disease and cancer.
Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis of the Human Spleen Applied to Studies of Plasma-Derived EVs From Plasmodium vivax Patients
Authors: Gualdrón-López Melisa , Díaz-Varela Míriam , Toda Haruka , Aparici-Herraiz Iris , Pedró-Cos Laura , Lauzurica Ricardo , Lacerda Marcus V. G. , Fernández-Sanmartín Marco Antonio , Fernandez-Becerra Carmen , del Portillo Hernando A.
Published: March 2021

The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ with multiple functions including the removal of senescent red blood cells and the coordination of immune responses against blood-borne pathogens, such as malaria parasites. Despite the major role of the spleen, the study of its function in humans is limited by ethical implications to access human tissues. Here, we employed multiparameter flow cytometry combined with cell purification techniques to determine human spleen cell populations from transplantation donors. Spleen immuno-phenotyping showed that CD45+ cells included B (30%), CD4+ T (16%), CD8+ T (10%), NK (6%) and NKT (2%) lymphocytes. Myeloid cells comprised neutrophils (16%), monocytes (2%) and DCs (0.3%). Erythrocytes represented 70%, reticulocytes 0.7% and hematopoietic stem cells 0.02%. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles involved in intercellular communication and secreted by almost all cell types. EVs play several roles in malaria that range from modulation of immune responses to vascular alterations. To investigate interactions of plasma-derived EVs from Plasmodium vivax infected patients (PvEVs) with human spleen cells, we used size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) to separate EVs from the bulk of soluble plasma proteins and stained isolated EVs with fluorescent lipophilic dyes. The integrated cellular analysis of the human spleen and the methodology employed here allowed in vitro interaction studies of human spleen cells and EVs that showed an increased proportion of T cells (CD4+ 3 fold and CD8+ 4 fold), monocytes (1.51 fold), B cells (2.3 fold) and erythrocytes (3 fold) interacting with PvEVs as compared to plasma-derived EVs from healthy volunteers (hEVs). Future functional studies of these interactions can contribute to unveil pathophysiological processes involving the spleen in vivax malaria.
Climate Change Totems and Discursive Hegemony Over the Arctic
Authors: Tam Chui-Ling , Chew Suzanne , Carvalho Anabela , Doyle Julie
Published: March 2021

The Arctic and its animals figure prominently as icons of climate change in Western imaginaries. Persuasive storytelling centred on compelling animal icons, like the polar bear, is a powerful strategy to frame environmental challenges, mobilizing collective global efforts to resist environmental degradation and species endangerment. The power of the polar bear in Western climate imagery is in part derived from the perceived “environmental sacredness” of the animal that has gained a totem-like status. In dominant “global” discourses, this connotation often works to the detriment of Indigenous peoples, for whom animals signify complex socio-ecological relations and cultural histories. This Perspective article offers a reflexive analysis on the symbolic power of the polar bear totem and the discursive exclusion of Indigenous peoples, informed by attendance during 2015–2017 at annual global climate change negotiations and research during 2016–2018 in Canada’s Nunavut Territory. The polar bear’s totem-like status in Western imaginaries exposes three discursive tensions that infuse climate change perception, activism, representation and Indigenous citizenship. The first tension concerns the global climate crisis, and its perceived threat to ecologically significant or sacred species, contrasted with locally lived realities. The second tension concerns a perceived sacred Arctic that is global, pristine, fragile and “contemplated,” but simultaneously local, hazardous, sustaining and lived. The third tension concerns Indigenization, distorted under a global climate gaze that reimagines the role of Indigenous peoples. Current discursive hegemony over the Arctic serves to place Indigenous peoples in stasis and restricts the space for Arctic Indigenous engagement and voice.
A Novel Chemically-Modified Curcumin 2.24: Short-Term Systemic Therapy for Natural Periodontitis in Dogs
Authors: Deng Jie , Golub Lorne M. , Lee Hsi-Ming , Bhatt Heta-Dinesh , Hong Hou-Lin , Johnson Francis , Scaduto Joseph , Zimmerman Thomas , Gu Ying
Published: March 2021

Periodontitis, a destructive periodontal inflammatory disease, negatively impacts oral-health related quality of life. It's characterized by the generation of inflammatory mediators and the excess-production of collagenolytic tissue-destructive enzymes (especially matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs). Many biomarkers can be used to define/diagnose disease progression. However, there is still a critical lack of specific, fast, and reliable biomarkers that correlate well with early response to treatment, which can be used to predict/monitor disease. Here, we report that an early marker, MMP-9, was found to be sensitive in response to a 1-month systemic therapy of CMC2.24, a novel chemically-modified curcumin, in beagle dogs with naturally-occurring periodontitis. In brief, eight adult female dogs with generalized periodontitis were distributed into placebo and treatment groups (n = 4/group). After a 1-h full-mouth scaling and root planing at time 0, placebo or CMC2.24 (10 mg/kg) capsules were orally-administered once/day for 1-month. Clinical periodontal parameters were measured at time 0 and 1-month; in addition, peripheral blood samples from these dogs were collected and analyzed for the pro-, activated-, and total-forms of MMP-9 by gelatin zymography. Interestingly, we found that the 1-month systemic therapy of CMC2.24 did appear to significantly reduce both pro- and activated-MMP-9 in peripheral blood at this early stage compared to placebo, prior to apparent clinical improvements seen at a later stage in a previous study (3-months). Thus, MMP-9 may serve as an early/sensitive biomarker that can precede/predict future clinical changes in disease severity and response to treatment which we observed in the long-term study in this dog model of natural periodontitis.
Modeling Recruitment of Birth Cohorts to the Breeding Population: A Hidden Markov Model Approach
Authors: Worthington Hannah , King Ruth , McCrea Rachel , Smout Sophie , Pomeroy Patrick
Published: March 2021

Long-term capture-recapture studies provide an opportunity to investigate the population dynamics of long-lived species through individual maturation and adulthood and/or time. We consider capture-recapture data collected on cohorts of female gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) born during the 1990s and later observed breeding on the Isle of May, Firth of Forth, Scotland. Female gray seals can live for 30+ years but display individual variability in their maturation rates and so recruit into the breeding population across a range of ages. Understanding the partially hidden process by which individuals transition from immature to breeding members, and in particular the identification of any changes to this process through time, are important for understanding the factors affecting the population dynamics of this species. Age-structured capture-recapture models can explicitly relate recruitment, and other demographic parameters of interest, to the age of individuals and/or time. To account for the monitoring of the seals from several birth cohorts we consider an age-structured model that incorporates a specific cohort-structure. Within this model we focus on the estimation of the distribution of the age of recruitment to the breeding population at this colony. Understanding this recruitment process, and identifying any changes or trends in this process, will offer insight into individual year effects and give a more realistic recruitment profile for the current UK gray seal population model. The use of the hidden Markov model provides an intuitive framework following the evolution of the true underlying states of the individuals. The model breaks down the different processes of the system: recruitment into the breeding population; survival; and the associated observation process. This model specification results in an explicit and compact expression for the model with associated efficiency in model fitting. Further, this framework naturally leads to extensions to more complex models, for example the separation of first-time from return breeders, through relatively simple changes to the mathematical structure of the model.
Ontogenetic Basis of Among-Generation Differences in Size-Related Traits in a Polyphenic Butterfly
Authors: Esperk Toomas , Tammaru Toomas
Published: March 2021

Seasonal polyphenisms are cases in which individuals representing generations occurring in different times of the year systematically differ in their morphological, physiological, and/or behavioral traits. Such differences are often assumed to constitute adaptive responses to seasonally varying environments, but the evidence for this is still scarce. The adaptive character of the response would be corroborated by the pattern in which the decision about choosing a particular seasonal phenotype is made before the onset of respective environmental conditions (anticipatory plasticity). Alternatively, the between-generation differences can be caused by immediate effects of seasonally varying environments (responsive plasticity). Here we reared the larvae of the seasonally polymorphic map butterfly Araschnia levana under two different photoperiodic regimes, which provided different seasonal cues. These two treatments induced direct development and diapause pathways, respectively. Replicating the experiment at different temperatures and levels of host plant quality allowed us to evaluate both the anticipatory and the responsive components of the associated plastic changes in life-history traits. Larvae representing the direct development pathway invariably had higher growth rates and shorter development periods, although the difference between the developmental pathways was smaller at inferior host quality. Body size differences between the developmental pathways turned out to be less consistent, as the natural pattern of higher pupal mass of the directly developing individuals could only be reproduced at lower rearing temperature. Though being considerably modified by immediate environmental effects, the between-generation differences in size, growth rates, and larval are largely based on anticipatory plasticity (= responses to photoperiodic cues) and should be treated as seasonal adaptations in A. levana. In a more general context, we show how investigating the proximate basis of size differences can serve the purpose of identifying the limits of phenotypic plasticity in juvenile growth schedules.
Molecular Subtypes Based on the Stemness Index Predict Prognosis in Glioma Patients
Authors: Tan Jun , Zhu Hecheng , Tang Guihua , Liu Hongwei , Wanggou Siyi , Cao Yudong , Xin Zhaoqi , Zhou Quanwei , Zhan Chaohong , Wu Zhaoping , Guo Youwei , Jiang Zhipeng , Zhao Ming , Ren Caiping , Jiang Xingjun , Yin Wen
Published: March 2021

Glioma is the common histological subtype of malignancy in the central nervous system, with high morbidity and mortality. Glioma cancer stem cells (CSCs) play essential roles in tumor recurrence and treatment resistance. Thus, exploring the stem cell-related genes and subtypes in glioma is important. In this study, we collected the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data and clinical information of glioma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. With the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), we identified 86 mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi)-related genes in 583 samples from TCGA RNA-seq dataset. Furthermore, these samples from TCGA database could be divided into two significantly different subtypes with different prognoses based on the mRNAsi corresponding gene, which could also be validated in the CGGA database. The clinical characteristics and immune cell infiltrate distribution of the two stemness subtypes are different. Then, functional enrichment analyses were performed to identify the different gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways in the two different subtypes. Moreover, we constructed a stemness subtype-related risk score model and nomogram to predict the prognosis of glioma patients. Finally, we selected one gene (ETV2) from the risk score model for experimental validation. The results showed that ETV2 can contribute to the invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of glioma. In conclusion, we identified two distinct molecular subtypes and potential therapeutic targets of glioma, which could provide new insights for the development of precision diagnosis and prognostic prediction for glioma patients.