bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evasão Escolar no Ensino Superior: Análise Quantitativa no Curso de Licenciatura em Física do IFPA Campus Bragança
Authors: Moura F. A. , Mandarino P. H. P. , Silva S. C. P. da
Published: May 2020

Resumo A evasão escolar é um fenômeno que atinge diretamente as instituições de ensino e causa diversos prejuízos acadêmicos, sociais e econômicos. Estudando o tema, notamos que diversos alunos ingressantes no período de 2009 a 2014, evadiram do curso de Licenciatura em Física do IFPA campus Bragança. Examinando esse contexto, identificamos e analisamos o percentual de alunos evadidos no referido curso. Os dados analisados foram obtidos por meio da Sinopse do Ensino Superior e da Secretaria Acadêmica do IFPA. Os resultados comprovam que a evasão no curso analisado, se sobrepõe às médias nacionais e expõe a necessidade de intensificarem as políticas públicas para garantir o acesso, permanência e êxito dos alunos ingressantes.
Dinâmica de pêndulo físico com ímã na presença de uma bobina
Authors: Luchese Thiago de Cacio , Schneider Marcelo Nunes
Published: May 2020

Resumo Investigamos a dinâmica de um pêndulo físico feito de madeira, suportado por uma estrutura de PVC e tendo um ímã colado em sua extremidade oscilante e cuja oscilação se deu nas proximidades de uma bobina que estava ora em curto, ora aberta. A trajetória pendular, posição em função do tempo, foi levantada com auxílio de análise quadro a quadro de vídeos e foi constatado um maior amortecimento da oscilação quando esta ocorria na presença da bobina em curto. As equações de movimento para o pêndulo foram modeladas e resolvidas, mostrando-se satisfatórias para descrever as dinâmicas observadas e, com isso, utilizadas para fazer uma previsão interessante de interação entre os campos magnéticos permanente e induzido no caso de um sistema análogo ser construído com características construtivas distintas (momento de inércia reduzido e campo de ímã aumentado). Esperamos que o trabalho possa servir de estímulo a investigações quantitativas de sistemas simples e venha a motivar o aprendizado significativo da Mecânica e do Eletromagnetismo.
ancient DNA protocol v1
Authors: Abbona Cinthia , Tracy Kim not provided , Jeff Johnson not provided
Published: May 2020

DNA extraction and library preparation were conducted in a dedicated aDNA laboratory at the University of North Texas using methods developed specifically to minimize contamination with contemporary DNA. It is also important to note that no camelid samples had been processed in the lab prior to this study. Genomic DNA extraction followed methods described by Gamba et al 2016 with minor modifications. All tools and bench-top surfaces were cleaned with 10% bleach and 95% ethanol between each sample prep, and the surface of each bone sample was sterilized prior to tissue extraction using a UV crosslinker CL-1000 (UVP, Upland, CA, USA). All bone samples were also cleaned by removing approx 1mm of surface layer using a sterile Dremmel drill and disc in a negative airflow hood. Dense interior cortical bone was removed and pulvurized to a fine powder using a SPEX 6775 Freezer/Mill cryogenic grinder (SPEX SamplePrep, Metuchen, NJ, USA). Sequencing libraries were generated with a starting concentration of approximately 1.95 ug/ml following a modified version of the Blunt-End Single-Tube method (BEST;Caroe et al 2017)) to allow for double-indexing. Amplified libraries were validated using the Qubit HS dsDNA assay (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Biosystems, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
Jelszavak és könyörtelen kritika: marxizmus és nemzetközi kritikai geográfia
Authors: Smith Neil , Miskolczy Lászlóné , Timár Judit
Published: May 2020

A kritikai geográfusok 1997-es alakuló vancouveri konferenciája világossá tette, hogy szükség van nemzetközi kritikai geográfia létrehozására, kiteljesítésére – de, hogy mi számít kritikainak, az nagyon bizonytalanul definiált. E cikk igyekszik megragadni e kibontakozó politikai és szellemi csoport fő jellemzőit, illetve „jelszavait”. Ma a baloldal hagyományos tanítása a befogadásra és az önreflexivitásra buzdít. Olyan vélemény is létezik, hogy minden politikai harc egyenlő, a politikát pedig gyakran összekeverik az etikával. A cikk vitatja ezeknek az álláspontoknak a hasznosságát a 21. századi nemzetközi kritikai geográfia kontextusában, s a marxista kritika erejének újragondolására szólít fel.
A távolság halálának új vizsgálata: kiberhely, földrajzi és kapcsolati közelség
Authors: Tranos Emmanouil , Nijkamp Peter , Lengyel Balázs
Published: May 2020

Ez a tanulmány a földrajzi távolság és különböző kapcsolatiközelség-típusok hatását elemzi az internet-infrastruktúra kiépülésére vonatkozóan. Habár számos mondás kering a szakirodalomban arról, hogy az internet a „földrajz végét” jelenti, a fizikai távolság és az internet közötti kapcsolatot még nem vizsgálták részletekbe menően. Tanulmányunk a gazdaságföldrajzi irodalom legújabb közelségvizsgálataira épül, és elemzésének célja bemutatni, hogy a fizikai távolság hatása azután is jelen marad-e a virtuális térben, ha a kapcsolati közelség típusait is figyelembe vesszük. Ennek érdekében geokódolt IP-kapcsolatokat tartalmazó egyedi és átfogó paneladatbázist elemzünk térbeli interakciós modellek és hálózatelemzési technikák segítségével. Eredményeink szerint a fizikai távolság és a kapcsolati közelség különböző típusai szignifikáns hatást gyakorolnak az internet-infrastruktúra szerkezetére, kiemelve az internet térbeliségét.
Percepções sobre adesão ao tratamento e variáveis psicológicas de gestantes soropositivas para o HIV/AIDS
Authors: Almeida Maria Fernanda Garcia de , Borges Maira Morena , Oliveira Cassiana Morais de
Published: May 2020

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada de maio a novembro de 2018, que teve como objetivo descrever a percepção de gestantes com HIV/AIDS sobre o diagnóstico, adesão ao tratamento e variáveis psicológicas frente à doença. Participaram desse estudo cinco gestantes em acompanhamento pré-natal em um hospital universitário, de nível terciário, do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Foram aplicados roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, as Escalas Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão e Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas. Quatro categorias emergiram: Diagnóstico do HIV, Conhecimento sobre HIV, Tratamento e Adesão ao Tratamento Medicamentoso. Verificou-se que a percepção é de um diagnóstico sem a possibilidade de cura, mas com perspectiva de qualidade de vida para elas e para o feto/neonato. Três participantes manifestaram vulnerabilidade emocional, com sintomas de ansiedade e/ou depressão e todas mostraram o enfrentamento focalizado na religiosidade. Os resultados suscitam um alerta às equipes de saúde sobre a necessidade de apoio e acompanhamento multidisciplinar que possa favorecer o suporte psicossocial às gestantes, de maneira a auxiliar na mudança ou manutenção de comportamentos de adesão.
Aspectos sociodemográficos e transtorno mental comum em mulheres de um município mineiro
Authors: Marcacine Patricia Ribeiro , Silva Anna Neri Batista da , Pereira Jayne Da Silva , Duarte Hugo , Oliveira Lourdes Auxiliadora De , Walsh Isabel Aparecida Porcatti de
Published: May 2020

Estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em residências da zona urbana da cidade de Uberaba – MG, como parte do Inquérito de Saúde da Mulher, em 2014, cujo objetivo foi analisar a prevalência de Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC) e sua associação com as características sociodemográficas. Compuseram a amostra, 1540 mulheres, com idades variando de 18 a 94 (49,53±17,17) anos, com média de 8,30 (±5,13) anos de estudos e renda per capita média de 774,48 (±775,67) reais. A prevalência de indicativo de TMC entre as mulheres foi de 34,2% (n=526). A maioria se encontrava em união estável (51,7%), 55,1% se auto declararam brancas, 41,6% se consideraram chefes de família e 36,2% realizavam trabalho remunerado. Houve associação de TMC com menor escolaridade (p=0,001), menor renda per capita (p=0,001), menor satisfação com o local de moradia (p=0,001) e maior número de pessoas na residência (p=0,018), assim como com a insuficiência de dinheiro para satisfazer as necessidades (p=0,001). O indicativo de TMC em mulheres está relacionado com as características sociodemográficas e indicadores de qualidade de vida, revelando o impacto das vulnerabilidades sociais acerca da população feminina e a relação com desenvolvimento de adoecimento mental.
The Normativity of Habermas’s Public Sphere from the Vantage Point of Its Evolution
Authors: Hułas Maciej
Published: May 2020

The paper argues that the original normativity that provides the basis for Habermas’s model of the public sphere remains untouched at its core, despite having undergone some corrective alterations since the time of its first unveiling in the 1960s. This normative core is derived from two individual claims, historically articulated in the eighteenth-century’s “golden age” of reason and liberty as both sacred and self-evident: (1) the individual right to an unrestrained disposal of one’s private property; and (2) the individual right to formulate one’s opinion in the course of public debate. Habermas perceives the public sphere anchored to these two fundamental freedoms/rights as an arena of interactive opinion exchange with the capacity to solidly and reliably generate sound reason and public rationality. Despite its historical and cultural attachments to the bourgeois culture as its classical setting, Habermas’s model of the public sphere, due to its universal normativity, maintains its unique character, even if it has been thoroughly reformulated by social theories that run contrary to his original vision of the lifeworld, organized and ruled by autonomous rational individuals.
Examing type and quality of preservice teachers’ lessons based on children’s literature
Authors: Wheeler Ann , Mallam Winifred
Published: May 2020

This qualitiative research explores the types and levels of mathematical lesson tasks that 60 future elementary and middle school teachers created during an undergraduate mathematics content and pedagogy course. Data collection consisted of 51 children’s book inspired activities written by the preservice teachers. Using Stein et al.’s Task Analysis Guide as an assessment tool, the researchers coded the activities into 1 of 4 categories, as well as categorized each activity based on its mathematical content using the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. Results showed that a majority of the PSTs wrote activities that were classified as Procedures with Connections. Also, a majority of the activities were geometry-based, specifically transformations and two-dimesional measurements. Implications for teaching include the fact that preservice elementary and middle school teachers can create mathematics lessons based on children’s literature, which often can include mathematical tasks that are making connections to procedural mathematics or even higher order thinking tasks.
Mardin’deki 13.-15. Yüzyıl Cami ve Medreselerinde Taç Kapı Tasarımı ve Bezemesi
Authors: YEŞİLBAŞ Evindar
Published: May 2020

Süsleme, yapıları izleyenler üzerinde beğeniye yönelik bir etki oluşturmasını sağlayan yapının tamamlayıcı bir bileşenidir. Her dönemde kendi içinde mimari yapıların süsleme repertuarında bir modanın yansıması şeklinde benzer uygulamalarla karşılaşmak mümkündür. Mardin’de de farklı dönemlerde hakimiyet kuran devletlerin günümüze ulaşan mimari eserlerine baktığımızda stil birlikteliğinin varlığı çok net bir biçimde anlaşılmaktadır.
Taçkapı, yapıların süsleme programlarında taş işçiliğinin en iyi şekilde sergilendiği, yapılara anıtsallık katan en önemli unsurdur. Taş ustasının sanatını en iyi yansıttığı alan olan bu mimari elemanlar, devrin sanat üslubunun da belirlenmesinde en dikkat çekici öğelerdir. Çalışmamızda Mardin merkezde yer alan 13.-15. yüzyıla ait cami ve medrese taç kapı örneklerimizi, Latifiye Camii, Melik Mahmut Camii, Şehidiye Camii, Hamza-i Kebir Camii, Zinciriye Medresesi, Kasımiye Medresesi ile altı yapı oluşturmaktadır.
Çalışmada yapıların genel tanımları mimari ve plan özellikleri kısaca verildikten sonra, taçkapı tasarımları aynı başlık altında detaylı bir şekilde açıklanmaktadır. Değerlendirme ve tartışma bölümünde ise cami ve medreselerin taçkapı süsleme programlarında karşımıza çıkan malzeme, teknik, süslemede görülen desen ve motiflerin özellikleri ortaya konulmaktadır.
Effect of lower limb dominance on walking adaptations in young adults when stepping into a hole
Authors: Dos Santos Luciana Oliveira , Costa Andréia Abud da Silva , Moraes Renato
Published: May 2020

Background. Depending on the dimensions of a hole, the characteristics of the walking surface, and the position of the hole relative to normal walking, individuals may need to step into the hole with the dominant or non-dominant limb. Aim. We investigated the effect of the lower limb dominance in walking adaptations in the presence of a hole on the ground. Methods: Twenty young adults walked and stepped into a hole positioned in the middle of the pathway using the dominant and non-dominant lower limbs. Results. For the trailing limb, the impulses were not affected by the lower limb dominance, but for the leading limb, the non-dominant leg increased the braking and propulsive impulses compared to the dominant leg. On the other hand, toe-off velocity increased when the non-dominant leg was used as trailing and leading limbs. Stride speed increased when the non-dominant leg was the trailing limb. Interpretation. Our results were consistent with asymmetrical behavior between dominant and non-dominant legs. Although the differences between the dominant and non-dominant legs have not affected the success in the task, they can put the individual at higher risk of stumbling and consequently a fall when stepping with the non-dominant leg into the hole.
Applying the Search Strategies Approach to Practice: The Feldenkrais Method
Authors: Lafe Charley , Maia Pacheco Matheus
Published: May 2020

The search strategies approach (SSA) to skill acquisition has its roots in the dynamical systems approach and has demonstrated a number of theoretical advances to the area. We argue that its advances can and are already linked to practical applications when we consider the method of Moshe Feldenkrais. The Feldenkrais Method (FM) considers skill acquisition (from rehabilitation to daily life activities improvement) in terms of exploration of new possibilities to achieve efficiency in movement. In this paper, we demonstrate how the SSA encompasses Feldenkrais method (FM) demonstrating its applicability. Furthermore, we point to new possibilities in both FM and SSA if these are to be formally linked.
Is standing sway an accurate measure of fall risk and predictor of future falls in older adults?
Authors: Hortobágyi Tibor , Teixeira Luis Augusto , Duysens Jacques , Granacher Urs , Van Diëen Jaap , Renato de Moraes
Published: May 2020

Not necessary for this section.
The Historical Determinations of Creating Health Records – A New Approach In Terms Of The Ongoing Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lorkowski Jacek , Jugowicz Agnieszka
Published: May 2020

The history of health records (later also called medical records), including ones regarding individual patients, is thousands of years old. It finds it roots in the first ancient civilisations. Up until the 19th century the records’ purpose was mainly an educational one. In the 19th and 20th century they started becoming significant in other roles as well, including those not strictly limited to medicine. In particular, to account for medical procedures, insurance proceeds or legal action. Currently we are living in a revolutionary era when it comes to health records, in which their character has changed from a “paper-based” to an electronic one. This paper presents the development of health records from the ancient to modern times, mainly in Europe and North America. Other cultures and civilisations, including China and India, are not discussed. An analysis of available sources was conducted, inter alia digital versions of manuscripts up to hundreds of years old. The analysis was based on PubMed and Google Scholar (several key words, all the available sources). Sources published in non-international languages (e.g. Dutch) were also investigated. Overall, approximately 600 articles were analysed, 158 of which were used and cited in this paper. The conclusions drawn from the analysis are as follows: (1) Health records, priorly used mostly for educational purposes, for about 100 years now have acquired a fully formal status. (2) We are currently facing the most revolutionary changes regarding the transformation of paper-based records into electronic ones. (3) The consequences of this process include systematic applications of solutions within the area of e-health, which allow us to make medical services more flexible, improve the health of individual patients and entire populations and potentially limit expenditure. (4) In the light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, introducing electronic health records could be beneficial in terms of limiting the potential sources of contamination (physical copies of health records), saving time and resources, and improving the network of communication between medical centres.
Children Have Lower SARS-CoV-2 Viral Loads Than Adults
Authors: Curtis David
Published: May 2020

Background: The question of whether children are less likely to pass on SARS-CoV-2 is important for planning society’s response to the pandemic. A document available on the Charité hospital website has not been formally published but is frequently referred to as supporting the notion that viral loads are similar in children and adults. Methods: The summary data from this document was extracted and used to produce summary statistics for three age groups: younger children (ages up to 11), older children (ages 12 to 19) and adults (ages 20 and above). Viral loads between the two children’s groups and the adult group were compared using Welch’s t test, which only requires group means and standard deviations and which is robust against moderate departures from normality. Findings: Viral loads were significantly lower than in adults for both younger children (p=0.04) and older children (p=0.04). Overall, viral loads were lower in children than adults (p=0.005). Interpretation: For both younger and older children, on average those with detectable SARS-CoV-2 have significantly lower viral loads than adults. Funding: No funding was received for this analysis.
Introducing a New Activity-Based Balance Index Using Accelerometer Data and Evaluating it as a Predictor of Skill Level among Elite Junior Soccer Players
Authors: Lenjannejadian Shahram , Reisi Jalil , Salimi Mehdi
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to introduce a new activity-based balance index by using accelerometer data. Twenty-seven junior soccer players from the Iranian premier league were selected. Four functional tests, consisting of one leg stance, dynamic Y balance, running and dribbling tests, were conducted to assess the players’ balance, activity and skill. During these four tests, besides their relative scores, the acceleration of their body center was also recorded. Activity-based balance index (ABI) was calculated using these acceleration data. The results showed positive correlations between ABI and both static and dynamic balance scores. Additionally, negative correlations were found between ABI and dribbling scores, which demonstrate the agility required for this skill. It seems that this new index achieves the evaluation of both the balance and the skill level of soccer players. Perhaps this is a new way of talent identification and also a re-development of balance tests from traditional to modern.
An Integrated In-Silico Approach to Develop Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Garg Prekshi , Srivastava Neha , Srivastava Prachi
Published: May 2020

SARS-CoV-2 has been the talk of the town ever since the beginning of 2020. The pandemic has brought the complete world on a halt. Every country is trying all possible steps to combat the disease ranging from shutting the complete economy of the country to repurposing of drugs and vaccine development. The rapid data analysis and widespread tools, software and databases have made bioinformatics capable of giving new insights to the researchers to deal with the current scenario more efficiently. Vaccinomics, the new emerging field of bioinformatics uses concepts of immunogenetics and immunogenomics with in silico tools to give promising results for wet lab experiments. This approach is highly validated for the designing and development of potent vaccines. The present in-silico study was attempted to identify peptide fragments from spike surface glycoprotein that can be efficiently used for the designing and development of epitope-based vaccine designing approach. Both B-cell and T-cell epitopes are predicted using integrated computational tools. VaxiJen server was used for prediction of protective antigenicity of the protein. NetCTL was studied for analyzing most potent T cell epitopes and its subsequent MHC-I interaction through tools provided by IEDB. 3D structure prediction of peptides and MHC-I alleles (HLA-C*03:03) was further done to carry out docking studies using AutoDock4.0. Various tools from IEDB were used to predict B-cell epitopes on the basis of different essential parameters like surface accessibility, beta turns and many more. Based on results interpretation, the peptide sequence from 1138-1145 amino acid and sequence WTAGAAAYY and YDPLQPEL were obtained as a potential B-cell epitope and T-cell epitope respectively. This in-silico study will help us to identify novel epitope-based peptide vaccine target in spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Further, in-vitro and in-vivo study needed to validate the findings.
The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein D614G Mutation Shows Increasing Dominance and May Confer a Structural Advantage to the Furin Cleavage Domain
Authors: Tang Leyan , Schulkins Allison , Chen Chun-Nan , Deshayes Kurt , Kenney John S.
Published: May 2020

We analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein amino acid sequence extracted from 11,542 viral genomic sequences submitted to the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database through April 27, 2020. Consistent with prior reports, we found a major S protein mutation, D614 to G614, that was represented in 56% of all the analyzed sequences. All other mutations combined were less than 10%. After parsing the data geographically, we found most of the Chinese patient samples showed D614 (97%). By contrast, most patient samples in many European countries showed G614 (51 to 88%). In the United States, the genotypic distribution in California and Washington was similar to Asian countries, while the distribution in other US states was comparable to Europe. We observed a dramatic increase in the frequency of G614 over time in multiple regions, surpassing D614 when both were present, suggesting G614 S protein virus outcompetes D614 S protein virus. To gain insight into the consequences of the D614G mutation, homology modeling using a multi-template threading mechanism with ab initio structural refinement was performed for a region of the S protein (S591 to N710) spanning the D614G mutation and the S1 furin cleavage site. Molecular models of this region containing D614 or G614 revealed a major difference in secondary structure at the furin domain (RRARS, R682 to S686). The D614 model predicted a random coil structure in the furin domain whereas the G614 model predicted an alpha helix. Critical residues in the cleavage domain of G614 model were found to better align with the PDB structure of a furin inhibitor. Thus, homology modeling studies suggest a potential mechanism whereby the D614G mutation may confer a competitive advantage at the furin binding domain that may contribute to the rise of the D614G SARS-CoV-2 mutant.
Revitalisasi Kelompok Sadar Wisata (Pokdarwis) Desa Sukodono, Kecamatan Dampit, Kabupaten Malang Dalam Pengelolaan Obyek Wisata Coban Pandawa
Authors: Asmoro Bramantyo Tri , Da'awi Muh Mujib
Published: May 2020

Tourism is one of the leading potentials in the region, especially villages, which can be maximally developed to improve community welfare. One of the attractions in Malang Regency which has tremendous potential to be developed is Coban Pandawa, which is located in Sukodono Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency. The tourism object is managed by the Kelompok Sadar Wisata (Pokdarwis) of Sukodono Village since the end of 2018, but in its journey, Pokdarwis has not understood the role, main tasks and functions of managing a tourist attraction, so that in the end pokdarwis experienced a vacuum in 2019. This community service activity aims to revitalize Pokdarwis organizations so that they can become independent and professional organizations in developing Coban Pandawa. Activities will be divided into three stages, namely, the awareness stage, the legality stage and the capacity-giving stage. The results of the community service activities were the equalization of the vision between the Sukodono Village Government and Pokdarwis, the legality of the Pokdarwis organization from the Sukodono Village Government and the Malang Regency Office of Tourism and Culture (Disparbud), and the Coban Pandawa development blueprint.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Inovatif Kelompok Guru SDN Melong Mandiri 4 Kota Cimahi
Authors: Ahmadi f Yusep , Kadarisma Gida
Published: May 2020

Learning in primary schools largely depends on the role of the teacher, because at the elementary school age students still tend to need teachers as a source of knowledge and direction in solving a problem. Learning in partner primary schools has problems relating to instructional media especially Indonesian language learning media and mathematics. This stimulus community partnership program aims to provide solutions to problems in the partner school of Public Elementary School of Melong Mandiri 4 Cimahi so that the teachers become skilled at designing and making learning media. These problems include the unavailability of adequate learning media; the teacher's skill is not optimal in designing and making innovative learning media. The solution offered in this program is training in designing and making innovative and interesting learning media on Indonesian language and mathematics lessons, namely takalintar media, geoboard, serial images, paper puppets, KPK boards and FPB, for ICT-based media using Powerpoint and Geogebra. This training was conducted using lecture and discussion methods as well as the practice of making instructional media. The results achieved from this activity are there is an increase in the skills of teachers in making innovative learning media by 40%.
Peningkatan Manajemen Usaha Ekowisata Mangrove Pada Pokdarwis Polaria Tanjungpagar di Desa Mendalok
Authors: Hurriyani Yeni , Lestari Arfena Deah
Published: May 2020

Mendalok Village is located in the northern coastal region of West Kalimantan which has a potential of 10 hectares of mangrove forest. The problem experienced by partners is the lack of knowledge and skills in developing a mangrove ecotourism business. The financial management is still very simple and the potential of existing mangrove forest products is only sold in fresh form at low prices. The method of implementing this program includes training and guidance on business financial book keeping management, how to make various processed products of mangrove forest products, as well as promotional strategies for tourism business and product marketing from partners. After the training and mentoring on ecotourism business management, the level of understanding of the participants were increased. Participants are able to do neat book keeping either through recording in an accounting book or an excel program. Participants were also able to process mangrove fruit and clam meat, become processed foods and drinks, and make souvenirs from shells and snails. Participants were also able to process mangrove fruit become processed foods and drinks. The partners also get insight in the development of ecotourism business in the future so that it becomes more developed and advanced.
Revisión rápida: probabilidad de contagio por infecciones respiratorias agudas en el transporte público y medidas para mitigarlo
Authors: López-Olmedo Nancy , Stern Dalia , Pérez-Ferrer Carolina , González-Morales Romina , Canto-Osorio Francisco , Barrientos-Gutiérrez Tonatiuh
Published: May 2020

Objetivos. Determinar el nivel de evidencia sobre la probabilidad de transmisión de enfermedades respiratorias agudas en el transporte público, incluyendo transporte activo, e identificar medidas en el uso del transporte público que puedan reducir la probabilidad de contagio por SARS-CoV-2 u otra infección respiratoria aguda de etiología viral. Material y métodos. Se utilizó la metodología de revisiones rápidas de Cochrane. La estrategia de búsqueda abarcó una base de datos académica y manuscritos pre-impresos hasta el 12 de mayo de 2020. Los títulos y resúmenes fueron revisados por un investigador. La revisión de textos completos y extracción de datos fue dividida entre dos investigadores. Los resultados fueron sintetizados de forma narrativa. Resultados. Se identificaron 535 manuscritos publicados, de los cuales 13 cumplieron los criterios de selección. La mayoría de los estudios observacionales revisados reportaron un incremento en la probabilidad de infecciones respiratorias asociado al uso del transporte público. La estimación agrupando los estudios de cohorte que analizaron la incidencia de seroconversión fue de 54% mayor posibilidad de influenza A o B en personas con uso frecuente de transporte público en comparación con las personas con un uso poco frecuente del sistema de transporte público (OR: 1.54; IC 95%: 1.06, 2.01); la inclusión de estudios sin confirmación de casos atenuó esta asociación, haciéndola no significativa. Se identificaron tres estudios que modelaron medidas de mitigación de transmisión de enfermedades respiratorias en el transporte público. Estos estudios sugieren que reducir el tiempo en transporte público (no más de 30 minutos), limitar el número de pasajeros, y asegurar una adecuada ventilación de las unidades de transporte podría ayudar a reducir el contagio. Conclusión. La evidencia científica sugiere que la probabilidad de contagio por enfermedades respiratorias agudas puede incrementar con el uso del transporte público. Es importante identificar estrategias de mitigación en el transporte público que sean equitativas y permitan una variedad de opciones para los usuarios, incluyendo el transporte activo (caminar, bicicleta).[PREPRINT]
Various effects of the expression of the xyloglucanase gene from Penicillium canescens in transgenic aspen under semi-natural conditions
Authors: Vidyagina Elena O. , Subbotina Natalia M. , Belyi Vladimir A. , Lebedev Vadim G. , Krutovsky Konstantin V. , Shestibratov Konstantin A.
Published: May 2020

Background: Recombinant carbohydrases genes are used to produce transgenic woody plants with improved phenotypic traits. However, cultivation of such plants in open field is challenging due to by a number of problems. Therefore, additional research is needed to alleviate them. Results: Results of successful cultivation of the transgenic aspens ( Populus tremula ) carrying the recombinant xyloglucanase gene ( sp-Xeg ) from Penicillium canescens in semi-natural conditions are reported in this paper for the first time. Change of carbohydrate composition of wood was observed in transgenic aspens carrying the sp-Xeg gene. The transformed transgenic line Xeg-2-1b demonstrated accelerated growth and increased content of cellulose in wood of trees growing in both greenhouse and outside in comparison with the control untransformed line Pt. The accelerated growth was observed also in the transgenic line Xeg-1-1c. Thicker cell-wall and longer xylem fiber were also observed in both these transgenic lines. Undescribed earlier considerable reduction in the wood decomposition rate of the transgenic aspen stems was also revealed for the transformed transgenic lines. The decomposition rate was approximately twice as lower for the transgenic line Xeg-2-3b in comparison with the control untransformed line Pt. Conclusion: A direct dependence of the phenotypic and biochemical traits on the expression of the recombinant gene sp-Xeg was demonstrated. The higher was the level of the sp-Xeg gene expression, the more markedly were changes in the phenotypic and biochemical traits. All lines showed phenotypic changes in the leave traits. Our results showed that the plants carrying the recombinant sp-Xeg gene do not demonstrate a decrease in growth parameters in semi-natural conditions. In some transgenic lines, a change in the carbohydrate composition of the wood, an increase in the cell wall thickness and a decrease in the rate of decomposition of wood were observed.
Application of Freire's Adult Education Model in Modifying the Psychological Constructs of Health Belief Model in Self-medication Behaviors of Elderly: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gharouni Kasra , Ardalan Arash , Araban Marzieh , Ebrahimzadeh Farzad , Bakhtiar Katayon , Almasian Mohammad , Bastami Fatemeh
Published: May 2020

Background : As people age, they are more likely to engage in self-medication and suffer from its adverse effects. The present study aimed to modifying knowledge, psychological constructs of Health Belief Model (HBM), and self-medication behaviors using Freire’s Adult Education Model (FAEM) among elderlies in Khorramabad, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. Methods: This research was of a randomized controlled trial conducted on 132 individuals older than 60 who were referred from health care centers. The participants were selected using multistage sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The data collection instruments included a questionnaire which was designed based on both HBM and self-medication behaviors questionnaire. The phases of adult education model (AEM) was used to modify the psychological constructs of HBM and self-medication behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 with a significance level of 0.05. Descriptive statistical tests, chi-squared test, paired t-test, independent t-test, and univariate modeling were employed for this purpose. Results : The mean age of the elderlies was 66.28±7.18 years. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of self-medication. Unawareness of the effects of medicine were the most important cause of self-medication (p=0.50). The two groups were not significantly different in terms of knowledge, HBM constructs, and self-medication behaviors (p>0.05). However, they came up to be considerably different for the above variables after the intervention was completed (p<0.05). When the findings were adjusted for the effects of confounding variables, there were significant differences between almost all constructs of HBM and their behaviors ( p < 0.05). However, the perceived barrier modality of HBM did not reach to a significant level of difference between two groups. Conclusion: The educational intervention, which was based on Freire’s AEM, had positive effects on the constructs of HBM and consequently on self-medication behaviors. The psychological constructs of HBM were affected at the phases of listening to problems. Self-medication was tempered at the action-reflection phase with shared creation and evaluation of the action plan geared towards the achievement of the behavioral objectives.
Small Auxin Up RNAs influence the distribution of indole-3-acetic acid and play a potential role in increasing seed size in Euryale ferox Salisb.
Authors: Huang Zhiheng , Bao Ke , Jin Zonghui , Wang Qian , Duan Huifang , Zhu Yayin , Zhang Sen , Wu Qinan
Published: May 2020

Background: Aquatic Euryale ferox Salisb. is an economically important crop in China and India. Unfortunately, low yield limitations seriously hinder market growth. Unveiling the control of seed size is of remarkable importance in improvement of crops. Here, we generated a new hybrid line (HL) with larger seeds by crossing South Gordon Euryale and North Gordon Euryale (WT) which hasn’t been reported before. However, the functional genes and molecular mechanisms controlling the seed size in Euryale ferox Salisb. remain unclear. In this study, we focused on the exploration of candidate regulatory genes participated in regulating seed size by investigating the new hybrid generation. Results: Both concentration and localization of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at two growth stages of fruits of WT and HL were detected by LC-MS and immunofluorescence. Although IAA content between the two lines did not differ, IAA distribution was significantly different. To elucidate the mechanism and to seek the key genes underlying this difference, RNA-seq was performed on young fruits at the two selected growth stages, and differentially expressed genes related to the auxin transduction pathway were selected for further analysis. Conclusion: Hybrid Euryale ferox Salisb. expressed significant heterosis, resulting in non-prickly, thin-coated, large seeds, which accounted for the significantly larger yield of HL than that of WT. Our study indicated that Small Auxin Up RNAs (SAURs) -mediated localization of IAA regulates seed size in Euryale ferox Salisb. We found that some SAURs may act as a positive mediator of the auxin transduction pathway, thereby contributing to the observed heterosis.
Impacts of skull stripping on construction of three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging-based brain structural network in full-term neonates
Authors: Wang Geliang , Hu Yajie , Li Xianjun , Wang Miaomiao , Liu Congcong , Yang Jian , Jin Chao
Published: May 2020

Background: Skull stripping remains a challenge for neonatal brain MR image analysis. However, little is known about how accuracy of the skull stripping affects the neonatal brain tissue segmentation and subsequent network construction. This paper therefore aimed to clarify this issue by comparing two automatic (FMRIB Software Library's Brain Extraction Tool, BET; Infant Brain Extraction and Analysis Toolbox, iBEAT) and a semiautomatic (iBEAT with manual correction) processes in constructing 3D T1-Weighted Imaging (T1WI)-based brain structural network. Methods: Twenty-two full-term neonates (gestational age, 37-42 weeks; boys/girls, 13/9) without abnormalities on MRI who underwent brain 3D T1WI were retrospectively recruited. Two automatic (BET and iBEAT) and a semiautomatic preprocessing (iBEAT with manual correction) workflows were separately used to perform the skull stripping. Brain tissue segmentation and volume calculation were performed by a John Hopkins atlas-based method. Sixty-four gray matter regions were selected as nodes; volume covariance network and its properties (clustering coefficient, C p ; characteristic path length, L p ; local efficiency, E local ; global efficiency, E global ) were calculated by GRETNA. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences in the calculated volume between three workflows. Results: There were significant differences in volumes of 50 brain regions between three workflows ( P <0.05). Three neonatal brain structural networks presented small-world topology. The semiautomatic workflow showed remarkably decreased C p , increased L p , decreased E local , and decreased E global , in contrast to two automatic ones. Conclusions: Imperfect skull stripping indeed affected the accuracy of brain structural network in full-term neonates.
FGF21 alleviates neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke by modulating the temporal and spatial dynamics of microglia/macrophages
Authors: Wang Dongxue , Liu Fei , Zhu Liyun , Lin Ping , Han Fanyi , Wang Xue , Tan Xianxi , Lin Li , Xiong Ye
Published: May 2020

Background: Resident microglia and macrophages are the predominant contributors to neuroinflammation and immune reactions, which play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury. Controlling inflammatory responses is considered a promising therapeutic approach for stroke. Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 21 (rhFGF21) has anti-inflammatory properties by modulating microglia and macrophages, but our knowledge of the inflammatory modulation of rhFGF21 in focal cerebral ischemia is lacking. Therefore, we investigated whether rhFGF21 improves ischemic outcomes in experimental stroke by targeting microglia and macrophages. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and randomly divided into groups that received intraperitoneal rhFGF21 or vehicle daily starting at 6 h after reperfusion. Behavior assessments were monitored for 14 d after tMACO and the gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed with qPCR. The phenotypic variation of microglia/macrophages and the presence of infiltrated immune cells were examined by flow cytometry and immunostaining. Additionally, magnetic cell sorting (MACS) in combination with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to purify microglia and macrophages. Results: rhFGF21 administration ameliorated neurological deficits in behavioral tests by regulating the secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. rhFGF21 also attenuated the polarization of microglia/macrophages toward the M1 phenotype and the accumulation of peripheral immune cells after stroke, accompanied by a temporal evolution of the phenotype of microglia/macrophages and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. Furthermore, rhFGF21 treatment through its actions on FGF receptor 1(FGFR1) inhibited M1 polarization of microglia and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB ) and upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR-γ. conclusion： In summary, rhFGF21 treatment promoted functional recovery in experimental stroke by modulating microglia/macrophage-mediated neuroinflammation via the NF-κB and PPAR-γ signaling pathways, making it a potential anti-inflammatory agent for stroke treatment.
Determinants and impact of role-related time use allocation on self-reported health among married men and women: a cross-national comparative study
Authors: Jonsson Kenisha Russell , Oberg Gustav , Samkange-Zeeb Florence , Adjei Nicholas Kofi
Published: May 2020

Background Research on the effects of marriage on health has largely maintained that there is a distinctly gender-specific gradient in health, with men deriving far greater benefits than women. One reason provided for these differences is the disproportionate amount of time spent by women on housework activities and childcare. However, this hypothesis has yet to be explicitly tested for these role-related time use activities. This study provides empirical evidence on the associations between role-related time use activities (i.e. housework, childcare and paid work) and self-reported health among married men and women. Methods Data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) on 32,881 men and 26,915 women from Germany, Italy, Spain, UK and the US were analyzed. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the association between role-related time use activities and self-reported health among married men and women. Results The findings showed that education, occupation and number of children were the most consistent predictors of time allocation among married men and women. Significant gender differences were also found in time allocation, with women sacrificing paid working time or reducing time devoted to housework for childcare. Men, in contrast, were less likely to reduce paid working hours to increase time allocation to childcare, but instead reduced time allocation to housework. Allocating more time to paid work and childcare was associated with good health, whereas time spent in housework was associated with poor health, especially among women. Conclusions Time allocations to role-related activities have differential associations on health and these effects varies by gender and across countries. To reduce the gender health gap among married men and women, public policies need to take into account social and gender roles.
The association between metabolic syndrome and elevated serum alanine transaminase levels in an indigenous population in Northern Taiwan: a community-based study
Authors: Chen Yi-Fang , Lin Yen-An , Yeh Wei-Chung , Tsao Yu-Chung , Li Wen-Cheng , Chen I-Ju , Chen Jau-Yuan
Published: May 2020

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a prevalent health condition in Taiwan, places individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke. Therefore, the identification of risk factors associated with MetS is crucial. Nevertheless, only limited studies about MetS have been conducted among indigenous peoples in Taiwan; these studies identified a high prevalence of MetS among an indigenous population, which encouraged us to investigate further. Thus, our study aims to determine the prevalence of MetS among the northern Taiwanese indigenous population and to explore the relationship between MetS and associated risk factors, especially serum alanine transaminase (ALT). Methods: This is an observational, population-based, cross-sectional study that was conducted in remote villages of an indigenous community in northern Taiwan between 2010 and 2015. A total of 454 participants, 47.36% male and 52.64% female, were eligible for analysis. The participants underwent anthropometric assessment and measurements of blood pressure, serum triglyceride levels, fasting plasma glucose levels, serum HDL-C levels and serum ALT levels. MetS was defined based on the revised NCEP/ATPIII criteria from Taiwan Health Promotion Administration. Results: A total of 454 participants were included in the analysis. There were 277 people with MetS and 177 people without. The prevalence of MetS was 61.01%. The average age was 49.50 years old. People with MetS had a significantly higher ALT level (24.00 (17-36) U/L vs. 19.00 (15-26) U/L, p<0.001) than those without MetS. In addition, the chi-square comparison showed that participants with ALT levels>36 U/L had a tendency towards a higher prevalence of MetS (76.7% vs. 57.3%, p=0.001) than those with ALT levels≤36 U/L. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of ALT levels >36 U/L for MetS was 2.79 (95% CI=1.24-6.27, p=0.01). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the ALT level was 0.63 (95% CI=0.58-0.68, p<0.001), which showed that the ALT level was positively associated with MetS. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of MetS was 61.01% in the highland indigenous population in Northern Taiwan, which suggests an unignorable health problem that should actively be addressed. Furthermore, these findings indicated that higher serum ALT levels (>36 U/L) were associated with an increased risk of MetS.