bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Ribavirin Antiviral Efficacy via Nucleoside Transporter-Mediated Drug Resistance
Authors: Ibarra Kristie D. , Pfeiffer Julie K.
Published: February 2009

Treatment for hepatitis C virus infection currently consists of pegylated interferon and ribavirin (RBV), a nucleoside analog. Although RBV clearly plays a role in aiding the treatment response, its antiviral mechanism is unclear. Regardless of the specific mechanism of RBV, we hypothesize that differences in levels of cellular uptake of RBV may affect antiviral efficacy and treatment success and that cells may become RBV resistant through reduced uptake. We monitored RBV uptake in various cell lines and determined the effect of uptake capacity on viral replication. RBV-resistant cells demonstrated reduced RBV uptake and increased growth of a model RNA virus, poliovirus, in the presence of RBV. Overexpression of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) or concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 (CNT3) increased RBV uptake in RBV-sensitive cell lines and restored the uptake defect in most RBV-resistant cell lines. However, CNT3 is not expressed in Huh-7 liver cells, and inhibition of concentrative transport did not affect RBV uptake. Blocking equilibrative transport using the inhibitor nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside recapitulated the RBV-resistant phenotype in RBV-sensitive cell lines, with a reduction in RBV uptake and increased poliovirus growth. Taken together, these results indicate that RBV uptake is restricted primarily to ENT1 in the cell lines examined. Interestingly, some RBV-resistant cell lines may compensate for reduced ENT1-mediated nucleoside uptake by increasing the activity of an alternative nucleoside transporter, ENT2. It is possible that RBV uptake affects the antiviral treatment response, either through natural differences in patients or through acquired resistance.
Protein Array Identification of Substrates of the Epstein-Barr Virus Protein Kinase BGLF4
Authors: Zhu Jian , Liao Gangling , Shan Liang , Zhang Jun , Chen Mei-Ru , Hayward Gary S. , Hayward S. Diane , Desai Prashant , Zhu Heng
Published: February 2009

A conserved family of herpesvirus protein kinases plays a crucial role in herpesvirus DNA replication and virion production. However, despite the fact that these kinases are potential therapeutic targets, no systematic studies have been performed to identify their substrates. We generated an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) protein array to evaluate the targets of the EBV protein kinase BGLF4. Multiple proteins involved in EBV lytic DNA replication and virion assembly were identified as previously unrecognized substrates for BGLF4, illustrating the broad role played by this protein kinase. Approximately half of the BGLF4 targets were also in vitro substrates for the cellular kinase CDK1/cyclin B. Unexpectedly, EBNA1 was identified as a substrate and binding partner of BGLF4. EBNA1 is essential for replication and maintenance of the episomal EBV genome during latency. BGLF4 did not prevent EBNA1 binding to sites in the EBV latency origin of replication,
oriP
. Rather, we found that BGLF4 was recruited by EBNA1 to
oriP
in cells transfected with an
oriP
vector and BGLF4 and in lytically induced EBV-positive Akata cells. In cells transfected with an
oriP
vector, the presence of BGLF4 led to more rapid loss of the episomal DNA, and this was dependent on BGLF4 kinase activity. Similarly, expression of doxycycline-inducible BGLF4 in Akata cells led to a reduction in episomal EBV genomes. We propose that BGLF4 contributes to effective EBV lytic cycle progression, not only through phosphorylation of EBV lytic DNA replication and virion proteins, but also by interfering with the EBNA1 replication function.
Role of Conserved Histidine Residues in the Low-pH Dependence of the Semliki Forest Virus Fusion Protein
Authors: Qin Zhao-ling , Zheng Yan , Kielian Margaret
Published: February 2009

A wide variety of enveloped viruses infects cells by taking advantage of the low pH in the endocytic pathway to trigger virus-membrane fusion. For alphaviruses such as Semliki Forest virus (SFV), acidic pH initiates a series of conformational changes in the heterodimeric virus envelope proteins E1 and E2. Low pH dissociates the E2/E1 dimer, releasing the membrane fusion protein E1. E1 inserts into the target membrane and refolds to a trimeric hairpin conformation, thus driving the fusion reaction. The means by which E1 senses and responds to low pH is unclear, and protonation of conserved E1 histidine residues has been proposed as a possible mechanism. We tested the role of four conserved histidines by mutagenesis of the wild-type (wt) SFV infectious clone to create virus mutants with E1 H3A, H125A, H331A, and H331A/H333A mutations. The H125A, H331A, and H331A/H333A mutants had growth properties similar to those of wt SFV and showed modest change or no change in the pH dependence of virus-membrane fusion. By contrast, the E1 H3A mutation produced impaired virus growth and a markedly more acidic pH requirement for virus-membrane fusion. The dissociation of the H3A heterodimer and the membrane insertion of the mutant E1 protein were comparable to those of the wt in efficiency and pH dependence. However, the formation of the H3A homotrimer required a much lower pH and showed reduced efficiency. Together, these results and the location of H3 suggest that this residue acts to regulate the low-pH-dependent refolding of E1 during membrane fusion.
Mechanotherapy: how physical therapists’ prescription of exercise promotes tissue repair
Authors: Khan K M , Scott A
Published: February 2009

Mechanotransduction is the physiological process where cells sense and respond to mechanical loads. This paper reclaims the term “mechanotherapy” and presents the current scientific knowledge underpinning how load may be used therapeutically to stimulate tissue repair and remodelling in tendon, muscle, cartilage and bone.

The purpose of this short article is to answer a frequently asked question “How precisely does exercise promote tissue healing?” This is a fundamental question for clinicians who prescribe exercise for tendinopathies, muscle tears, non-inflammatory arthropathies and even controlled loading after fractures. High-quality randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews show that various forms of exercise or movement prescription benefit patients with a wide range of musculoskeletal problems.1–4 But what happens at the tissue level to promote repair and remodelling of tendon, muscle, articular cartilage and bone?

The one-word answer is “mechanotransduction”, but rather than finishing there and limiting this paper to 95 words, we provide a short illustrated introduction to this remarkable, ubiquitous, non-neural, physiological process. We also re-introduce the term “mechanotherapy” to distinguish therapeutics (exercise prescription specifically to treat injuries) from the homeostatic role of mechanotransduction. Strictly speaking, mechanotransduction maintains normal musculoskeletal structures in the absence of injury. After first outlining the process of mechanotransduction, we provide well-known clinical therapeutic examples of mechanotherapy–turning movement into tissue healing.
Stabilité des culées de ponts établies sur des pieux traversant une couche molle
Authors: Marche René , Lacroix Yves
Published: February 2009

We have studied the field behaviour of the abutments of 15 bridges which abutments have experienced horizontal movements. These abutments were founded on piles through a soft layer. For all these structures, the piles have been installed before the approach embankments were built or as soon as they were built.Considering the structural characteristics of the piles and the compressibility and geometry of the soft layer, the conditions for which such movements of the abutments are likely to occur are given. When the abutments are of the type built at mid-height of the embankment, an upper limit for the horizontal movement of the abutment is proposed. Several solutions are suggested to avoid the movements of abutments.
Bending of Piles Determined by Inclinometer Measurements
Authors: Fellenius Bengt H.
Published: February 2009

This paper deals with the bending of slender precast concrete piles which are driven in segments 10 to 14 m in length and spliced in the field by means of rigid steel couplings. The requirements of the Swedish Building Code for allowable bending of these piles are reviewed and the method of inspecting the bending is described. The inspection is performed by lowering a slope inclinometer through a pipe, which is cast centrically in the pile and attached to special couplings by which access all through the pile is obtained.By the inclinometer the inclination and the direction of the inclination is measured. The results are used for determining the location of the pile in the ground and the bending of the pile. Mathematical expressions for this are derived.In Swedish practice, when judging a pile, the bending of the pile segments is treated separately from the bending of the pile over the pile splices, as the latter involves the question of squareness of the joint couplings in casting. The bending of a segment is judged in terms of change of inclination per metre of pile and of bending radius over the length of the segment. A typical example is given on how to present and evaluate the measuring results.
Design of Deep Socketed Caissons Into Shale Bedrock
Authors: Freeman C. F. , Klajnerman D. , Prasad G. D.
Published: February 2009

Deep sockets into bedrock are often used to achieve large capacities for caissons. Most of the available design methods are mainly empirical with little or no relationship to the in situ quality of rock. Bearing pressures and socket skin friction values adopted seem to be conservative in the absence of reliable field information. This paper deals with the problems associated with the design of deep socketed caissons.A concise review of the regional case histories and available design methods involving deep sockets into bedrock are presented. Various methods of testing rock in the laboratory and in the field for obtaining the desired design parameters are discussed. The application of laboratory and field test results in design are given. Problems associated with the construction and inspection of the caissons are summarized.
On the Causes of Natural Cementation in Sensitive Soils
Authors: Sangrey Dwight A.
Published: February 2009

A unique characteristic of many naturally cemented sensitive soils is that they are made up of finely ground fresh rock debris, "rock flour", much of which is very susceptable to chemical weathering or decomposition. Many of these minerals can be identified by X-ray diffraction. The decomposition of these minerals produces secondary products which can act as effective natural cements. A process is outlined whereby the sequence of deposition, weathering and cementation can account for the observed mechanical behaviour of naturally cemented soils.
Vegetation indicators for terrain evaluation in a prairie environment
Authors: Sauer E. Karl , Wilson E. A.
Published: February 2009

Natural vegetation can be a useful indicator of terrain conditions and thus has significant geotechnical implications especially in identifying moisture, groundwater conditions, and strati-graphic changes. A pilot study was initiated to study physiographic, climatic, biotic, and compensating factors as they affect plant communities in the Langham area, near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The study area is located at the transition between the Dark Brown and Black Soil Zones, which are colour zones of the surface soil horizon as influenced by climate and vegetation. It is suggested that the findings at Langham can be extrapolated over a wide band across the province where the soil zones and geomorphic units are similar. It was found that trees or shrubs are more reliable indicators of soil moisture conditions than low-growing plants and that plant communities are better indicators than individual species. In some places, the recognition of changes in vegetation patterns could make a significant contribution to geotechnical projects. A direct correlation was found between the number of species occurring in a plant community and soil moisture conditions. Drier sites had fewer species.
Treatment and maintenance of rock slopes on transportation routes
Authors: Peckover F. L. , Kerr J. W. G.
Published: February 2009

Unstable rock slopes along transportation routes in rocky terrain are hazards requiring carefully selected maintenance techniques if safety against rock falls is to be improved at reasonable cost. The paper reviews the causes of rock falls and methods of dealing with them in North American and European highway and railway practice. Methods are classified as those that: (a) stabilize slopes or prevent rocks from moving out of place, (b) protect the right-of-way by keeping rocks that do move out of place from reaching the roadway, and (c) warn or signal traffic when rocks arrive at the vicinity of the roadway. Methods of stabilization, protection, and warning are described and illustrated. Some of these methods can be combined for increased safety at a single site. Guidelines are suggested to organize an effective program to guard against rock falls. Steps in planning, deciding on the priority of sites to be treated, and choice of treatment methods at particular sites are all discussed. Desirable records and measurements are outlined. The paper is intended to be a practical reference for practising engineers.
Influence of a localized plastic layer on embankment stability
Authors: Thompson C. D. , Emery J. J.
Published: February 2009

Conventional stability analyses of a 47 ft (14.3 m) high embankment constructed of clayey silt fill indicated a satisfactory design with 2:1 slopes. However, cracking of the fill and movements of the embankment occurred when its height reached 32 ft (9.8 m). Investigation revealed that, in general terms, the geotechnical profile employed for the stability analysis was satisfactory. There was a localized layer of firm clayey soil at the interface between the fill and natural soil, which coincided with the observed cracks and the zone of high pore pressure.Construction scheduling was critical, and an initial wedge analysis showed that a 17 ft (5.2 m) high berm would ensure adequate safety during completion of the fill. A detailed investigation followed to determine the actual deformation mechanism responsible for the cracking. This included plane strain finite element runs using estimated moduli values. It was concluded that the cracking was caused by ‘spreading’ of plastic material at or near the base of the embankment. This case history illustrates that localized layers of weaker soil can be critical even when construction has been carefully controlled.
Application of risk analysis to the prediction of slope instability
Authors: Yong R. N. , Alonso E. , Tabba M. M. , Fransham P. B.
Published: February 2009

The problem of the prediction of stability or instability of natural clay slopes is examined in view of the random intrinsic nature of both soil properties and external actions. The probabilistic method of analysis appears to be a useful tool, which not only could account for these random properties but also could consider uncertainties derived from incomplete knowledge of pertinent model parameters and conditions of stability.Using the familiar method of slices, the different sources of error have been incorporated into a first-order probability analysis of the simplified Bishop model in order to arrive at quantitative information concerning the probability of failure. Field and laboratory data from an instrumented test valley slope in the Ottawa region have been considered to arrive at an instability risk prediction of the test slope. The mean functions of the strength parameters have been made explicitly dependent on a number of statistical parameters to emphasize dependence on available data. The analysis distinguishes between statistical uncertainty, which comes from insufficiency of available data, and probabilistic uncertainty, which is a measure of random heterogeneity of the soil.
On the retrogression of landslides in sensitive muddy sediments
Authors: Carson M. A.
Published: February 2009

The literature dealing with extensive retrogression of landslides in sensitive sediments is reviewed and found to be inadequate in several respects. One obvious deficiency is in the link between supposed retrogressive mechanisms and the morphology of the resultant ‘earthflow’ cavity. Detailed attention is focussed on the origin of linear clay ridges that protrude from the floors of fresh earthflows, and persist for only a short time before being degraded to micro-scale features. The theory of landslide retrogression proposed by Odenstad, after the Sköttorp landslide in Sweden, is discussed, and developed into a model for the prediction of landslide retrogression, and for the explanation of 'flowbowl' morphology. The model, essentially an undrained retrogressive spreading failure, is tested against selected retrogressive landslide sites for which all the necessary information is available; the agreement between nature and theory is good. Some speculation is made regarding the origin of bottlenecked flowbowls, which are viewed as the exception rather than the rule in the sensitive muds of the St. Lawrence Lowlands. Emphasis is directed at the importance of the undrained shear strength of sensitive sediments, and less significance is attached to the actual magnitude of sensitivity of such deposits. Finally, the limitations of the model in very soft sediments, such as found in parts of Norway, are briefly pointed out.
Stomatal resistance, transpiration, and growth of drought-stressed eastern cottonwood
Authors: Kelliher F. M. , Kirkham M. B. , Tauer C. G.
Published: February 2009

Stomatal resistance, transpiration rate, leaf area, and height were measured on Texas clones of eastern cottonwood (Populusdeltoides Bartr. var. deltoides) grown in pots of soil maintained under three watering regimes, to determine the effect of drought on plant-water relations and growth. Leaf area expansion stopped at a stomatal resistance between 28 and 32 s cm−1. Height growth stopped at a stomatal resistance between 30 and 40 s cm−1. Transpiration rate was controlled by stomatal resistance. Stomatal resistance measurements were an easy way to determine the threshold beyond which severe moisture stress resulted in leaf and height growth cessation and eventual plant death.
Seasonal and spatial variation in cortical monoterpene composition of Sitka spruce oleoresin
Authors: Forrest G. I.
Published: February 2009

The monoterpene composition of the cortical oleoresin was studied in young trees of Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr., chosen to provide a wide range of chemical types. The cortical oleoresin systems of main stem and branch shoot apex differed from each other in composition, but for each system the variation within trees generally became significantly large only in basal and apical regions of the trees, with 3-carene showing the greatest variation. Blister oleoresin monoterpene composition was similar to that of the main stem. Seasonal changes in the composition of the main stem cortical oleoresin were insignificant. Young shoots immediately after flushing showed monoterpene compositions different from those of the previous year's mature shoots, and gradually reached the mature compositions during summer and early autumn. The nature of some of the differences, notably that of α-pinene, varied between trees. In most trees the new shoots contained relatively high concentrations of β-pinene and limonene; terpinolene was at very low concentration but had returned to normal levels after a month, while 3-carene gradually accumulated over a longer period sometimes extending into autumn.
Geographic variation in the monoterpene composition of Sitka spruce cortical oleoresin
Authors: Forrest G. I.
Published: February 2009

The monoterpene composition of the cortical oleoresin from main stems and from branch apical shoots was measured in young trees of Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. grown in Britain from seed collected from eight northwestern American origins. There was a high degree of variation within origins in both resin systems. Analysis of the individual monoterpene percentage data and of the representation of monoterpene pattern types showed that the Vancouver Island origin was the most distinct. There was a cline in several monoterpene characters, notably a decrease in β-phellandrene and an increase in 3-carene both by itself and also accompanied by limonene, from Alaska to north Washington, but the Washington and Oregon origins showed no geographical trends. The results are discussed in the context of the postglacial history of the species.
Effets de la scarification du site sur le micro-environnement
Authors: Plamondon André P. , Ouellet Denis C. , Déry Gaston
Published: February 2009

Soil and air temperatures, and soil water tension were measured at two sites from June 1972 to August 1973 in order to determine the effect of scarification. This study is part of a project concerning yellow birch regeneration. The minimum air temperature at 30 cm height and at the soil surface were, respectively, 0.5 and 1.0 °C higher at the scarified site; on the other hand, the maximum temperature at 30 cm was lower. The soil temperatures during the summer were 2 to 4 °C higher at the scarified site according to the level considered. Soil water tension was much lower in the scarified station between 0 and 15 cm depth, but the effect decreased during the second summer of the study.
The effect of growth retardants and inhibitors on container-grown Pinuscontorta and Piceaglauca
Authors: Weston G. D. , Carlson L. W. , Wambold E. C.
Published: February 2009

The effects of 13 growth retardants and inhibitors on the growth of container-grown seedlings of Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelm. and Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss were examined. Shoot and root growth was reduced to different extents by the various compounds, thus causing alterations in shoot/root ratios. The results are discussed with regard to the potential use of these chemicals for enhancing survival after outplanting or for use in held-over material. Ancymidol, Ethrel, Phosphon and Maintain caused decreases in the shoot/root ratio and may have potential for use in material to be planted out. CCC, RH531, Ethrel, and Mefluidide appear to have potential for use in held-over material.
Resistance to water uptake by Douglas-fir seedlings in soils of different texture
Authors: Dosskey M.G. , Ballard T. M.
Published: February 2009

Seedlings of Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco were grown in fertilized silty clay, silt loam, and loamy sand in a growth chamber. Needle water potentials hardly changed as soil water potential, ψs, dropped to about −2.5 MPa. At ψs = −0.6 MPa, the effect of soil texture on water uptake rate was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Calculated water uptake resistance (from soil to foliage), R, was hardly affected by ψs between −0.5 and −1.0 MPa, but nearly doubled as ψs fell from −1.0 to −2.2 MPa. Plant water resistance is inferred to change relatively little over this range. Upper limits of soil resistance at ψs > −2.5 MPa, estimated (by Gardner's equation) for silt loam and silty clay, are too low to make a large contribution to R, or to the change in R with ψs, or to the large differences in average R among different textures at ψs values from −0.5 to −2.2 MPa. It is inferred that contact resistance, Rc, is large, varies significantly with ψs, and may vary with texture. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity differences theoretically account for a relationship of Rc, with texture, and, together with possible root shrinkage, could account for a relationship of Rc, with ψs. Mycorrhizal development in these fertilized seedlings was too slight to justify consideration of hyphal resistance.
Potential hazard rating system for fir stands infested with budworm using cambial electrical resistance
Authors: Davis Weston , Shortle Walter , Shigo Alex
Published: February 2009

Cambial electrical resistance (CER) of more than 10 000 trees, predominantly balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea) and red spruce (Picearubens) was measured in 90 stands in northern Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, U.S.A. CER index values (mean CER, kiloohms per stand) ranged from 9 to 13 for fir in nonoutbreak situations, and 9 to 18 in outbreak situations with moderate to heavy budworm infestation, whereas values for red spruce remained essentially constant at 7 to 13 in both situations. Balsam fir trees in stands with an index value of 9 grew almost three times faster (diameter growth) than in stands with an index value of 13. An increase of index values from 13 to 18 in outbreak situations indicated no further reduction in growth, but may indicate impending mortality of trees with lower vitality. Such index values may be useful in developing a hazard rating system for fir stands infected with spruce budworm.
Comparison of an isotopic method and the Penman–Monteith equation for estimating transpiration from Scots pine
Authors: Waring R. H. , Whitehead D. , Jarvis P. G.
Published: February 2009

The Penman–Monteith equation was used with measured values of stomatal conductance and leaf area, in conjunction with weather station measurements of net radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and wind speed to calculate the transpiration rates of two Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) stands of widely different densities. Transpiration was compared with water uptake estimated from 32P radioisotope movement through trees of known conducting area and water content. Uptake consistently lagged behind transpiration throughout the day. From dawn to dawn, however, uptake and transpiration were in close agreement as a result of recharge during the night.
Optimal sampling size in multivariate forest inventories: a programming procedure
Authors: Marshall P. L. , Nautiyal J. C.
Published: February 2009

Use of mathematical programming has not become very common in determining optimal sample size in multivariate forest inventories. This paper illustrates the development of a model which may be solved using linear programming to yield a sampling distribution which is close to optimal. The reduction in sample size using the programming procedure over two approximate allocation methods is shown for two examples. It is concluded that the programming solution will show significant improvements over approximate procedures despite higher fixed costs in large multivariate inventories when the variables are not highly correlated and are considered of similar importance.
ADAPTIVE MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE FOR PERIODICITY DETECTION IN BIOLOGICAL SEQUENCES
Authors: RASHEED FARAZ , ALSHALALFA MOHAMMED , ALHAJJ REDA
Published: February 2009

Researchers devoted considerable effort to detect the periodicity in DNA sequences, namely, the DNA segments that wrap the Histone protein. It is anticipated that periodic dinucleotide signals are indicators of certain important spots (like binding regions) within a DNA sequence; they are equally spaced along nucleosomal DNA with ~ 10 base-pair period. Positioned nucleosomes are believed to play an important role in transcriptional regulation and for the organization of chromatin in cell nuclei. In this paper, we describe and apply a dynamic periodicity detection algorithm to discover the periodicity of certain dinucleotides in DNA and Protein sequences. Our algorithm is based on suffix tree as the underlying data structure. The proposed approach is suitable to analyze different kinds of data and can serve different targets. It considers the periodicity of alternative substrings like the three dinucleotides AA/TA/TT, in addition to considering dynamic window to detect the periodicity of certain instances of substrings. We tested the applicability, effectiveness and resilience of the proposed approach to noise as compared to the other existing algorithms described in the literature.
KAONIC HELIUM ATOMS
Authors:   FOR THE KEK E570 AND J-PARC E17 COLLABORATIONS, HAYANO RYUGO
Published: February 2009

The KEK experiment E570 has measured the Balmer-series x-rays of kaonic 4 He atoms using large-area silicon drift x-ray detectors (SDDs) in order to study the low-energy [Formula: see text]-nucleus strong interaction. The energy of the 3d → 2p transition was determined to be 6467 ± 3( stat ) ± 2( syst ) eV . The resulting strong-interaction energy-level shift is in agreement with theoretical calculations, thus eliminating a long-standing discrepancy between theory and experiment. Using a similar setup, the E17 experiment at J-PARC, the first experiment to be carried out in the hadron hall of J-PARC, will measure the 3d → 2p x-rays of kaonic 3 He .
SEARCH FOR BOUND η-NUCLEUS STATES
Authors:   FOR THE GEM COLLABORATION, URBÁN J. , BUDZANOWSKI A. , CHATTERJEE A. , HAWRANEK P. , KAILAS S. , JAIN B. K. , JHA V. , KILIAN K. , KLICZEWSKI S. , KIRILLOV DA. , KIRILLOV DI. , KOLEV D. , KRAVČIKOVÁ M. , LESIAK M. , LIEB J. , LIU L. C. , MACHNER H. , MAGIERA A. , MAIER R. , MARTINSKÁ G. , NEDEV S. , PISKUNOV N. , PROTIĆ D. , RITMAN J. , VON ROSSEN P. , ROY B. J. , SHUKLA P. , SITNIK I. , SIUDAK R. , TSENOV R. , VANKOVA G. , WILKIN C.
Published: February 2009

The extracted s-wave scattering amplitude from both the polarized and unpolarized d + d → 4He + η reaction at 2385.5 MeV/c allowed to determine the scattering length which fulfills the requirements for bound η. In the p + 27Al → 3He + p + π- + X reaction studied at recoil free kinematics the η meson is produced almost at rest and so it can be bound with enhanced probability. This state proceeds via N*(1535) resonance and the decay products proton and pion emitted into opposite direction are detected in concidence with 3He produced at zero degree. Under these conditions some hints for bound state can be observed with an upper limit of the cross section of ≈ 0.5 nb.
CHIRAL PARTNERS IN A CHIRALLY BROKEN WORLD
Authors: LEUPOLD STEFAN , WAGNER MARKUS
Published: February 2009

The isovector–vector and the isovector–axial-vector current are related by a chiral transformation. These currents can be called chiral partners at the fundamental level. In a world where chiral symmetry was not broken, the corresponding current-current correlators would show the same spectral information. In the real world chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken. A prominent peak — the ρ-meson — shows up in the vector spectrum (measured in e+e--collisions and τ-decays). On the other hand, in the axial-vector spectrum a broad bump appears — the a1-meson (also accessible in τ-decays). It is tempting to call ρ and a1 chiral partners at the hadronic level. Strong indications are brought forward that these "chiral partners" do not only differ in mass but even in their nature: The ρ-meson appears dominantly as a quark-antiquark state with small modifications from an attractive pion-pion interaction. The a1-meson, on the other hand, can be understood as a meson-molecule state mainly formed by the attractive interaction between pion and ρ-meson. A key issue here is that the meson-meson interactions are fixed by chiral symmetry breaking. It is demonstrated that one can understand the vector and the axial-vector spectrum very well within this interpretation. It is also shown that the opposite cases, namely ρ as a pion-pion molecule or a1 as a quark-antiquark state lead to less satisfying results. Finally speculations on possible in-medium changes of hadron properties are presented.
DOUBLE-PION PRODUCTION IN NUCLEON COLLISIONS ON FEW-BODY SYSTEMS — THE ABC EFFECT AND ITS POSSIBLE ORIGIN
Authors:   FOR THE CELSIUS/WASA AND WASA-AT-COSY COLLABORATIONS, BASHKANOV MIKHAIL
Published: February 2009

The ABC effect – an intriguing low-mass enhancement in the ππ invariant mass spectrum – is known from inclusive measurements of two-pion production in nuclear fusion reactions. Exclusive measurements have been carried out at CELSIUS/WASA and WASA@COSY for the fusion reactions leading to d, 3 He and 4 He . They all reveal this effect to be a σ channel phenomenon combined with a resonance-like behavior in the total cross section. The latter points to the formation of an isoscalar dibaryonic resonance, which couples to the pn channel as well as to a ΔΔ intermediate state.
RECENT RESULTS FROM BESII
Authors:   FOR THE BES COLLABORATION, SHEN XIAOYAN
Published: February 2009

We reported the observation of Y(2175) in ϕf0(980) mass spectrum in J/ψ → ηϕf0(980) with f0(980) → π+π-, the partial wave analysis results of J/ψ → γϕϕ, the measurement of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and the observation of [Formula: see text] threshold enhancement in [Formula: see text], based on 5.8 × 107 J/ψ events collected at BESII. The measurement of ψ(2S) radiative decays with 1.4 × 107 ψ(2S) events as well as the measurement of D decay branching fractions with 33 pb-1 data collected at and around 3.773 GeV are also presented.
RECENT RESULTS FROM VES EXPERIMENT
Authors: NIKOLAENKO V. , DOROFEEV V. , DZHELYADIN R. , EKIMOV A. , GAVRILOV YU. , GOUZ YU. , IVASHIN A. , KABACHENKO V. , KACHAEV I. , KARYUKHIN A. , KHOKHLOV YU. , KONSTANTINOV V. , MAKOUSKI M. , MATVEEV V. , MYAGKOV A. , OSTANKOV A. , POLYAKOV B. , RYABCHIKOV D. , SHALANDA N. , SOLDATOV M. , SOLODKOV A. A. , SOLODKOV A. V. , SOLOVIANOV O. , STARCHENKO E. , ZAITSEV A.
Published: February 2009

Results obtained in π- Be interactions at 27, 36.6 and 41 GeV/c are presented. Decay f1(1285) → π+π-π0 is observed; the dominant mechanism of the isospin symmetry violation in this decay is the a0(980) – f0(980) mixing. The intensity of this mixing is measured. An upper limit on possible f1(1285) – a1(1260) mixing is obtained. Preliminary results of a study of (ωɸ) system are shown. Plans for coming upgrade of the detector are presented.
HADRON PHYSICS AT MAMI
Authors: MERKEL HARALD
Published: February 2009

With the new stage of the MAMI accelerator, the physics program on hadron physics at MAMI will be extended up to an end point energy of 1.5 GeV. A few selected experiments on electro production are presented to show examples on nucleon structure and baryon resonance structure studies. The photo production program at MAMI was described in a separate talk in this conference.
MESON SPECTROSCOPY AT CLAS
Authors:   FOR THE CLAS COLLABORATION, BATTAGLIERI MARCO
Published: February 2009

The CLAS Collaboration is operating the CLAS detector at theThomas Jefferson National Laboratory (JLab) in USA. The unique combination of the detector large acceptance and high intensity of the continuous electron beam of CEBAF has opened the way to a comprehensive study of the hadrons structure in a kinematic domain between nuclear and particle physics. Meson spectroscopy plays a central role in the physics program of the Collaboration. Many exclusive channels have been studied with virtual and real photon beams in a wide kinematic domain providing key information about the hadron structure as well as the reactions dynamic. In this contribution, the rich physics program covered by present and future experiments will be reviewed.
HADRONIC INTERACTIONS AT THE CERN SPS: RESONANCE DECAYS VERSUS PARTON DYNAMICS
Authors: RYBICKI ANDRZEJ
Published: February 2009

Using new data on pion production in p + p interactions from the NA49 experiment, it is demonstrated that the detailed features of double differential pion cross sections are well reproduced over most of the phase space from the decay of a representative sample of known mesonic and baryonic resonances.

Thirteen resonances reaching up to spin four tensor-mesons and including the newly measured N * states up to the N *(1680) have been used. The pT integrated Feynman xF distributions in the high-xF region 0.4 < xF < 0.9 are quantitatively reproduced as well as the pT distributions up to 2 GeV/c and beyond at all xF.

In both these phase space regions direct effects of parton dynamics such as valence quark fragmentation or parton scattering are generally evoked in order to provide a basis of understanding. The saturation of the measured yields by resonance decay casts a doubt on these assumptions.
NEW DISPERSION RELATIONS IN THE DESCRIPTION OF ππ SCATTERING AMPLITUDES
Authors: KAMIŃSKI R. , GARCIA-MARTIN R. , GRYNKIEWICZ P. , PELAEZ J. R. , YNDURAIN F.
Published: February 2009

We present a set of once subtracted dispersion relations which implement crossing symmetry conditions for the ππ scattering amplitudes below 1 GeV. We compare and discuss the results obtained for the once and twice subtracted dispersion relations, known as Roy's equations, for three ππ partial JI waves, S0, P and S2. We also show that once subtracted dispersion relations provide a stringent test of crossing and analyticity for ππ partial wave amplitudes, remarkably precise in the 400 to 1.1 GeV region, where the resulting uncertainties are significantly smaller than those coming from standard Roy's equations, given the same input.
RECENT RESULTS FROM BESII J/ψ DECAYS
Authors:   FOR THE BES COLLABORATION, LI X. L. , ABLIKIM M. , BAI J. Z. , BAI Y. , BAN Y. , CAI X. , CHEN H. F. , CHEN H. S. , CHEN H. X. , CHEN J. C. , CHEN JIN , CHEN X. D. , CHEN Y. B. , CHU Y. P. , DAI Y. S. , DENG Z. Y. , DU S. X. , FANG J. , FU C. D. , GAO C. S. , GAO Y. N. , GU S. D. , GU Y. T. , GUO Y. N. , GUO Z. J. , HARRIS F. A. , HE K. L. , HE M. , HENG Y. K. , HOU J. , HU H. M. , HU T. , HUANG G. S. , HUANG X. T. , HUANG Y. P. , JI X. B. , JIANG X. S. , JIAO J. B. , JIN D. P. , JIN S. , LAI Y. F. , LI H. B. , LI J. , LI R. Y. , LI W. D. , LI W. G. , LI X. N. , LI X. Q. , LIANG Y. F. , LIAO H. B. , LIU B. J. , LIU C. X. , LIU FANG , LIU FENG , LIU H. H. , LIU H. M. , LIU J. B. , LIU J. P. , LIU H. B. , LIU J. , LIU Q. , LIU R. G. , LIU S. , LIU Z. A. , LU F. , LU G. R. , LU J. G. , LUO C. L. , MA F. C. , MA H. L. , MA L. L. , MA Q. M. , MALIK M. Q. A. , MAO Z. P. , MO X. H. , NIE J. , OLSEN S. L. , PING R. G. , QI N. D. , QIN H. , QIU J. F. , RONG G. , RUAN X. D. , SHAN L. Y. , SHANG L. , SHEN C. P. , SHEN D. L. , SHEN X. Y. , SHENG H. Y. , SUN H. S. , SUN S. S. , SUN Y. Z. , SUN Z. J. , TANG X. , TIAN J. P. , TONG G. L. , VARNER G. S. , WAN X. , WANG L. , WANG L. L. , WANG L. S. , WANG P. , WANG P. L. , WANG W. F. , WANG Y. F. , WANG Z. , WANG Z. Y. , WEI C. L. , WEI D. H. , WENG Y. , WU N. , XIA X. M. , XIE X. X. , XU G. F. , XU X. P. , XU Y. , YAN M. L. , YANG H. X. , YANG M. , YANG Y. X. , YE M. H. , YE Y. X. , YU C. X. , YU G. W. , YUAN C. Z. , YUAN Y. , ZANG S. L. , ZENG Y. , ZHANG B. X. , ZHANG B. Y. , ZHANG C. C. , ZHANG D. H. , ZHANG H. Q. , ZHANG H. Y. , ZHANG J. W. , ZHANG J. Y. , ZHANG X. Y. , ZHANG Y. Y. , ZHANG Z. X. , ZHANG Z. P. , ZHAO D. X. , ZHAO J. W. , ZHAO M. G. , ZHAO P. P. , ZHAO Z. G. , ZHENG H. Q. , ZHENG J. P. , ZHENG Z. P. , ZHONG B. , ZHOU L. , ZHU K. J. , ZHU Q. M. , ZHU X. W. , ZHU Y. C. , ZHU Y. S. , ZHU Z. A. , ZHU Z. L. , ZHUANG B. A. , ZOU B. S.
Published: February 2009

In this representation, some recent results from BESII J/ψ decays have been represented, including the analysis of [Formula: see text] which is helpful to understand the threshold enhancement structure founded in [Formula: see text] is from pure final states interference(FSI) or not and the analysis of [Formula: see text] the enhancement based on it some discussion will be hold if the structure is same one as the baryon excited states N* found in [Formula: see text].
SEARCH FOR STRANGE TRIBARYON STATES IN THE 4He(STOPPED K-, p) REACTION
Authors:   KEK-PS E549 COLLABORATION, SATO M. , BHANG H. , CHIBA J. , CHOI SEONHO , FUKUDA Y. , HANAKI T. , HAYANO R. S. , IIO M. , ISHIKAWA T. , ISHIMOTO S. , ISHIWATARI T. , ITAHASHI K. , IWAI M. , IWASAKI M. , KIENLE P. , KIM J. H. , MATSUDA Y. , OHNISHI H. , OKADA S. , OUTA H. , SUZUKI S. , SUZUKI T. , TOMONO D. , WIDMANN E. , YAMAZAKI T. , YIM H.
Published: February 2009

We have measured a proton energy from the stopped K- reaction on 4 He to search for strange tribaryon states at KEK 12 GeV PS. No statistically significant signal was observed in the missing mass spectrum obtained by the inclusive 4 He ( stopped K-, p) measurement. Upper limits of the formation branching ratio at the 95 % C.L. were derived for neutral tribaryon states with strangeness -1 to be (0.4 ~ 6) × 10-4, (0.2 ~ 6) × 10-3 and (0.06 ~ 5) × 10-2/(stopped K-) for assumed natural widths of 0, 20 and 40 MeV /c2, respectively.
SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE REACTION pp → ppω AT COSY-TOF
Authors:   FOR THE COSY-TOF COLLABORATION, ULLRICH WOLFGANG
Published: February 2009

The reaction pp → ppω was studied at COSY-TOF for excess energies of ϵ = 93 MeV , 129 MeV, 178 MeV. The continuous change of the angular distribution of the ω meson in the overall CMS away from isotropy shows the increasing contribution of higher partial waves to the production process. This finding is supported by the orientation of the ω-spin (measured via the ω decay plane). For one excess energy ϵ = 129 MeV the analyzing power Ay has been found to be compatible with zero. These results will facilitate a quantitative partial wave analysis of this reaction.
CHARMED MESON RECONSTRUCTION WITH THE PANDA DETECTOR
Authors:   FOR THE PANDA COLLABORATION, JÄKEL RENÉ
Published: February 2009

The PANDA detector will allow to investigate the charmonium region in [Formula: see text] annihilation processes at a energy range for which production cross sections of charmonium states are unknown, in particular for those above the [Formula: see text] threshold. Cross sections for these states are expected to be rather small, so that it has to be verified that PANDA can cope with small rates. Therefore, several reaction channels have been identified as "benchmark channels" and the PANDA performance has been investigated in Monte Carlo studies. The focus of the charmed benchmark channels is to show the physics performance of the planned apparatus and to investigate the feasibility of separating the physics signal from a huge hadronic background.
BELL'S INEQUALITY IN CHARMONIUM DECAYS
Authors: BARANOV SERGEY P.
Published: February 2009

This note addresses the issue of checking Bell's inequalities in elementary particle physics. A new expression for the Bell's inequality is proposed in terms of experimentally measurable angular observables. As an example, the degree of violation of the Bell's inequality in the decays [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is studied.
VIP EXPERIMENT: NEW EXPERIMENTAL LIMIT ON PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE VIOLATION BY ELECTRONS
Authors:   FOR THE VIP COLLABORATION, PIETREANU D. , BARTALUCCI S. , BERTOLUCCI S. , BRAGADIREANU M. , CARGNELLI M. , CATITTI M. , CURCEANU PETRASCU C. , DI MATTEO S. , EGGER J.-P. , GUARALDO C. , ILIESCU M. , ISHIWARARI T. , LAUBENSTEIN M. , MARTON J. , MILOTTI E. , PONTA T. , SIRGHI D. L. , SIRGHI F. , SPERANDIO L. , DOCE O. VAZQUEZ , WIDMANN E. , ZMESKAL J.
Published: February 2009

The VIP (Violation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle) experiment is investigating one of the basic principles of modern physics, searching for anomalous X-rays emitted by copper atoms in a conductor: any detection of these anomalous X-rays would mark a Pauli forbidden transition. VIP is currently taking data at the Gran Sasso underground laboratories, and its scientific goal is to improve by three-four orders of magnitude the previous limit on the probability of Pauli violating transitions, bringing it into the 10-29÷-30 region. The new experimental results, together with future plans, are presented.
THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE VECTOR Ay AND TENSOR Ayy, Axx, Axz ANALYZING POWERS IN THE dd → 3Hp AND dd → 3Hen REACTIONS AT Ed = 200 AND 270 MeV
Authors: KURILKIN A. K. , JANEK M. , VASILIEV T. A. , KISELEV A. S. , SAITO T. , LADYGIN V. P. , UESAKA T. , HATANO M. , YU. ISUPOV A. , KATO H. , LADYGINA N. B. , MAEDA Y. , MALAKHOV A. I. , NISHIKAWA J. , OHNISHI T. , OKAMURA H. , REZNIKOV S. G. , SAKAI H. , SAKAMOTO N. , SAKODA S. , SATOU Y. , SEKIGUCHI K. , SUDA K. , TAMII A. , UCHIGASHIMA N. , YAKO K.
Published: February 2009

The data on the vector Ay and tensor Ayy, Axx, Axz analyzing powers for the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] reactions at Ed = 200 and 270 MeV are presented. The data demonstrate large values of analyzing powers and their strong variation versus the scattering angle. The observed negative sign of the tensor analyzing powers for these reactions at small angles clearly demonstrate the sensitivity to the D/S ratio of the 3H and 3He wave functions, respectively. The calculations performed within one-nucleon exchange model with the use of the standard three-nucleon bound state wave functions fail to reproduce the data on the tensor analyzing powers.
PION PRODUCTION IN PROTON INDUCED SPALLATION REACTIONS IN THE ENERGY RANGE OF FEW GEV ORDER
Authors: KOWALCZYK ANNA
Published: February 2009

Spallation is one of possible scenarios of proton - nucleus reaction considered nowadays. Pions are the most abundantly produced mesons during the reactions. Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) model was used to describe pion spectra, results will be presented.
NEW PARAMETERIZATION OF THE RESONANT PRODUCTION AMPLITUDES NEAR AN INELASTIC THRESHOLD
Authors: LEŚNIAK LEONARD
Published: February 2009

New formulae for the resonant scattering and the production amplitudes near an inelastic threshold are derived. It is shown that the Flatté formula, frequently used in experimental analyses, is not sufficiently accurate. Its application to data analysis can lead to a substantial distortion of the effective mass spectra and of the resonance pole positions.

A unitary parameterization, satisfying a generalized Watson theorem for the production amplitudes, is proposed. It can be easily applied to study production processes, multichannel meson-meson interactions and the resonance properties, including among others the scalar resonances a0(980) and f0(980).
PRECISE DISPERSIVE DATA ANALYSIS OF THE f0(600) POLE
Authors: GARCÍA-MARTÍN R. , PELAEZ J. R. , KAMIŃSKI R.
Published: February 2009

We review how the use of recent precise data on kaon decays together with forward dispersion relations (FDR) and Roy's equations allow us to determine the sigma resonance pole position very precisely, by using only experimental input. In addition, we present preliminary results for a modified set of Roy-like equations with only one subtraction, that show a remarkable improvement in the precision around the σ region. We also improve the matching between the parametrizations at low and intermediate energy of the S0 wave, and show that the effect of this on the sigma pole position is negligible.
GENERALIZED MULTICONFIGURATION MODEL OF DECAY OF MULTIPOLE GIANT RESONANCES APPLIED TO ANALYSIS OF REACTION (μ - n) ON THE NUCLEUS 40Ca
Authors: GLUSHKOV A. V. , LOVETT L. , YU. KHETSELIUS O. , GURNITSKAYA E. P. , DUBROVSKAYA YU. V. , LOBODA A. V.
Published: February 2009

It is presented the generalized multiconfiguration model to decay of the multipole giant resonances (MGR), which is based on the shell models (with limited basis) and microscopic model of pre-equilibrium decay with statistical account for complex configurations 2p2h, 3p3h etc. The model is applied to analysis of reaction (μ-n) on the nucleus 40 Ca .
STUDY OF LOW-LYING STATES VIA EC/β+ DECAY FOR MEDIUM-HEAVY NUCLEI
Authors: XU S.-W. , XIE Y.-X. , LI Z.-K. , PAN Q.-Y. , WANG X.-D. , YU Y. , WANG Y.-H. , ZHANG J.-P.
Published: February 2009

Our previous experimental method and results of ( EC +β+) decay for the medium-heavy nuclei 153 Er , 157 Yb , 209 Fr , 128 Ce , 130 Ce , 128 Pr , 130 Pm and 140 Tb have been briefly summarized. The observed low-lying states in their daughter nuclei and a 11/2- isomeric state in 133 Pr have been reviewed in a systematic way and compared with different model calculations. Finally, some questions have been put forward for further study and discussion.
OBSERVATION OF FOUR-QUASIPARTICLE BAND AND SIGNATURE SPLITTING FEATURES IN 160Tm
Authors: LU J. B. , YANG D. , SUN L. , WANG L. L. , WANG H. D. , MA K. Y. , LIU Y. Z. , ZHU L. H. , WU X. G. , LI G. S.
Published: February 2009

High-spin states of 160 Tm are studied via in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy. Previously known rotational bands are confirmed. These bands feed into low-lying states which are enriched in this work. A four-quasiparticle band with configuration of πg7/2 ⊗ νh9/2 ⊗ ν(i13/2)2 is established. Signature splitting features of πh11/2⊗νi13/2 and πh11/2⊗νh9/2 bands are presented.