bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose Versus Calcium Alginate in Controlling Bleeding From Malignant Wounds
Authors: Firmino Flávia , Villela-Castro Diana , Santos Vera Lucia Conceição de Gouveia
Published: April 2023

Background

There is no consensus on the best intervention for topical management of bleeding in malignant wounds. Although surgical hemostatic dressings are recommended, the use of calcium alginate (CA) is frequent among practitioners.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemostatic efficacy of oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) and CA dressing in the management of bleeding from malignant wounds resulting from breast cancer.

Methods

This was a randomized open clinical trial. The outcomes measured were total time to hemostasis and the number of hemostatic products used.

Results

Sixty-one patients were potentially eligible for the study, 1 did not consent, and 32 were assessed to be ineligible, resulting in a sample of 28 who were randomized to 2 study groups. Total time to hemostasis was 93.8 seconds in the ORC group, with an average of 30.1 seconds (95% confidence interval, 18.6-189 seconds), and 67 seconds in the CA group, with an average of 30.4 seconds (confidence interval, 21.7 seconds to imprecise upper limit). The main difference was 26.8 seconds. Kaplan-Meier log-rank test, and Cox model showed no statistical significance (P = 0.894). A total of 18 hemostatic products were used in the CA group and 34 in the ORC group. No adverse effects were identified.

Conclusions

Although no significant differences were identified in terms of time, more hemostatic products were used in the ORC group, highlighting the effectiveness of CA.

Implications for Practice

Calcium alginate may be the first choice in the management of bleeding in malignant wounds, favoring nursing in the most immediate hemostatic actions.
Does “Low-Grade” Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Exist? The Role of Mitotic Index in Separating Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma From Cellular Well-differentiated Liposarcoma
Authors: Graham Danielle S. , Qorbani Amir , Eckardt Mark A. , Klingbeil Kyle D. , Chen Lucia Y. , Chopra Shefali , Eilber Fritz C. , Dry Sarah M.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Subjective, varying criteria identify “low-grade” dedifferentiation in well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WD/DDLPS). The value of mitotic rate (MR) in defining DDLPS is not confirmed. We studied all patients with the resection of their primary or first recurrence retroperitoneal WD/DDLPS at our institution to determine the value of MR in diagnosing DDLPS and if MR associates with patient survival.

Design:

Ninety-eight patients with retroperitoneal WD/DDLPS operated at our institution from January 1, 1989 to December 31, 2013 were included. Cases were defined as acellular (AC) WDLPS, LS0-4 (tumors with non-lipogenic areas and MR 0-4/10HPFs) or LS5+(non-lipogenic areas, MR≥5/10 HPFs) and graded using the French system. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates with log-rank test and multivariate Cox (mCox) analyses were performed.

Results:

Follow-up was available on all patients (median 9.3 y, range 0.02−23.16 y). Kaplan-Meier demonstrated a significant (P=0.004) difference in disease-specific survival (DSS) among the 3 groups. mCox demonstrated no difference in DSS between the AC and LS0-4 groups (HR 1.51; 95% CI 0.57–3.99, P=0.412) but significantly lower DSS in the LS5+group compared with the AC group (HR 2.68; 95% CI 1.07–6.71, P=0.035). The difference in DSS was not significant between grade 2 and 3 tumors (P=0.094). DSS between MR 5-19/10 HPFs and MR20+/10 HPFs subgroups was significant (P=0.007) but by mCox did not reach significance (HR 2.47; 95% CI 0.96–6.35, P=0.060).

Conclusion:

This study confirms that MR distinguishes DDLPS from WDLPS with non-lipogenic areas, also known as cellular WDLPS. For consistency in diagnosis and research, only WD/DDLPS with≥5 mitoses/10 HPFs should be considered DDLPS.
Back to the Future II—A Comprehensive Update on the Rapidly Evolving Field of Lymphatic Imaging and Interventions
Authors: Pieper Claus C.
Published: April 2023

Lymphatic imaging and interventional therapies of disorders affecting the lymphatic vascular system have evolved rapidly in recent years. Although x-ray lymphangiography had been all but replaced by the advent of cross-sectional imaging and the scientific focus shifted to lymph node imaging (eg, for detection of metastatic disease), interest in lymph vessel imaging was rekindled by the introduction of lymphatic interventional treatments in the late 1990s. Although x-ray lymphangiography is still the mainstay imaging technique to guide interventional procedures, several other, often less invasive, techniques have been developed more recently to evaluate the lymphatic vascular system and associated pathologies. Especially the introduction of magnetic resonance, and even more recently computed tomography, lymphangiography with water-soluble iodinated contrast agent has furthered our understanding of complex pathophysiological backgrounds of lymphatic diseases. This has led to an improvement of treatment approaches, especially of nontraumatic disorders caused by lymphatic flow abnormalities including plastic bronchitis, protein-losing enteropathy, and nontraumatic chylolymphatic leakages. The therapeutic armamentarium has also constantly grown and diversified in recent years with the introduction of more complex catheter-based and interstitial embolization techniques, lymph vessel stenting, lymphovenous anastomoses, as well as (targeted) medical treatment options. The aim of this article is to review the relevant spectrum of lymphatic disorders with currently available radiological imaging and interventional techniques, as well as the application of these methods in specific, individual clinical situations.
Single-nuclei RNA Profiling Reveals Disruption of Adipokine and Inflammatory Signaling in Adipose Tissue of Burn Patients
Authors: Knuth Carly M. , Ricciuti Zachary , Barayan Dalia , Rehou Sarah , Abdullahi Abdikarim , de Brito Monteiro Lauar , Jeschke Marc G.
Published: April 2023

Objective:

We conducted a large-scale investigation of the systemic and adipose tissue-specific alterations in a clinical population of burn patients to identify factors that may influence hypermetabolism.

Background:

Previous research has identified chronic disturbances in adipose tissue inflammation, lipolysis, and browning, which may drive the perpetuation of hypermetabolism following the severe adrenergic stress of a burn injury. Given that adipose tissue is thought to be a central node in the regulation of systemic metabolism, we believe that systematically delineating the pathologic role of adipose tissue postburn, will lead to the identification of novel interventions to mitigate morbidity and mortality from severe burns.

Methods:

This was a single-institution cohort study, which obtained plasma and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from severely burn adult patients over various time points during acute hospitalization. Whole-body clinical, metabolic, and inflammatory mediators were assessed in plasma, while genetic analyses through RT-qPCR and single-nuclei RNA sequencing were conducted in adipose tissue.

Results:

Systemic inflammation and adrenergic stress increase IL-6 signaling, lipolysis, browning, and adipokine dysfunction in the adipose tissue of adult burn patients, which may further propagate the long-term hypermetabolic response. Moreover, using single-nuclei RNA sequencing, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of alterations in the adipose tissue microenvironment occurring at acute and chronic stages postburn.

Conclusion:

We provide novel insight toward the effect of burns on adipokine release, inflammatory signaling pathways, and adipose heterogeneity over the trajectory of acute and chronic stages.
The scaling of goals from cellular to anatomical homeostasis: an evolutionary simulation, experiment and analysis
Authors: Pio-Lopez Léo , Bischof Johanna , LaPalme Jennifer V. , Levin Michael
Published: April 2023

Complex living agents consist of cells, which are themselves competent sub-agents navigating physiological and metabolic spaces. Behaviour science, evolutionary developmental biology and the field of machine intelligence all seek to understand the scaling of biological cognition: what enables individual cells to integrate their activities to result in the emergence of a novel, higher-level intelligence with large-scale goals and competencies that belong to it and not to its parts? Here, we report the results of simulations based on the TAME framework, which proposes that evolution pivoted the collective intelligence of cells during morphogenesis of the body into traditional behavioural intelligence by scaling up homeostatic competencies of cells in metabolic space. In this article, we created a minimalin silicosystem (two-dimensional neural cellular automata) and tested the hypothesis that evolutionary dynamics are sufficient for low-level setpoints of metabolic homeostasis in individual cells to scale up to tissue-level emergent behaviour. Our system showed the evolution of the much more complex setpoints of cell collectives (tissues) that solve a problem in morphospace: the organization of a body-wide positional information axis (the classic French flag problem in developmental biology). We found that these emergent morphogenetic agents exhibit a number of predicted features, including the use of stress propagation dynamics to achieve the target morphology as well as the ability to recover from perturbation (robustness) and long-term stability (even though neither of these was directly selected for). Moreover, we observed an unexpected behaviour of sudden remodelling long after the system stabilizes. We tested this prediction in a biological system—regenerating planaria—and observed a very similar phenomenon. We propose that this system is a first step towards a quantitative understanding of how evolution scales minimal goal-directed behaviour (homeostatic loops) into higher-level problem-solving agents in morphogenetic and other spaces.
Making and breaking symmetries in mind and life
Authors: Safron Adam , Sakthivadivel Dalton A. R. , Sheikhbahaee Zahra , Bein Magnus , Razi Adeel , Levin Michael
Published: April 2023

Symmetry is a motif featuring in almost all areas of science. Symmetries appear throughout the natural world, making them particularly important in our quest to understand the structure of the world around us. Symmetries and invariances are often first principles pointing to some lawful description of an observation, with explanations being understood as both ‘satisfying’ and potentially useful in their regularity. The sense of aesthetic beauty accompanying such explanations is reminiscent of our understanding of intelligence in terms of the ability to efficiently predict (or compress) data; indeed, identifying and building on symmetry can offer a particularly elegant description of a physical situation. The study of symmetries is so fundamental to mathematics and physics that one might ask where else it proves useful. This theme issue poses the question: what does the study of symmetry, and symmetry breaking, have to offer for the study of life and the mind?
Paraflavisolibacter caeni gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel taxon within the family Chitinophagaceae isolated from sludge
Authors: Yuan Cansheng , Liu Bin , Wang Lin , Long Weihua , Ke Zhuang , He Jian
Published: April 2023

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain LB-8T, was isolated from an activated sludge sample collected from a factory in Binzhou city, Shandong province, PR China. Cells of strain LB-8T were strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped. Growth occurred at 15–40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at 0–7.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5 % NaCl). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain LB-8T formed a distinct phyletic branch within the family

Chitinophagaceae

and was most closely related to members of the genera

Flavisolibacter

,

Cnuella

and

Paracnuella

with 92.7–93.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. The average amino acid identity values between strain LB-8T and its closed phylogenetic neighbours

Flavisolibacter

,

Cnuella

and

Paracnuella

were below 70 % supporting that strain LB-8T was a member of a novel genus. The predominant cellular fatty acids of LB-8T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
 ω7c and/or C16 : 1
 ω6c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and the only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major polar lipids of strain LB-8T were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. The genome size of strain LB-8T was 7.01 Mbp with 41.2 mol% G+C content. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain LB-8T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family

Chitinophagaceae

, for which the name Paraflavisolibacter caeni gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain LB-8T=GDMCC 1.3631T=KCTC 92688T) is proposed.
Intended versus implemented workspace: a systematic literature review of the implementation of activity-based working in higher education
Authors: Nooij Bernadette , van Teunenbroek Claire , Teelken Christine , Veenswijk Marcel
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to apply spatial theory to a review of the literature on activity-based working in higher education. Globally, the office concept of activity-based working (ABW) is increasingly implemented in higher education, and scholars contributed to developing empirical explanations of the effects of implementing ABW in higher education. However, the focus on theory building is limited, decreasing the predictability and the understanding of implementing ABW.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors developed a theoretical framework by categorizing the empirical findings of earlier accounts by integrating them with Lefebvre’s spatial theory. They conducted a systematic literature review of 21 studies published between 2008 and 2022 that reported on the phenomenon of ABW among higher-education employees.

Findings

It remains to be seen whether the implementation of the ABW in higher education is successful in terms of pre-defined goals. The studies investigating academic workplace concepts have led to inconsistent findings that lack an underlying framework. As the ABW concept fails to adequately support academics’ work processes, it is recommended that managers and architects consider their subjective perspectives about the use of space and take the time to understand the users’ fundamental values.

Originality/value

The authors integrated the selected studies with Lefebvre’s spatial theory, and this model includes three perspectives that can explain workers' experiences with ABW. This theoretical framework can assist researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of ABW and support practitioners in implementing it in higher education.
Data-driven augmentation of a RANS turbulence model for transonic flow prediction
Authors: Grabe Cornelia , Jäckel Florian , Khurana Parv , Dwight Richard P.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to improve Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) turbulence models using a data-driven approach based on machine learning (ML). A special focus is put on determining the optimal input features used for the ML model.

Design/methodology/approach

The field inversion and machine learning (FIML) approach is applied to the negative Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model for transonic flows over an airfoil where shock-induced separation occurs.

Findings

Optimal input features and an ML model are developed, which improve the existing negative Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model with respect to shock-induced flow separation.

Originality/value

A comprehensive workflow is demonstrated that yields insights on which input features and which ML model should be used in the context of the FIML approach
Wind tunnel measurements of dynamic aerodynamic coefficients using a freely rotating test bench
Authors: Muller Laurène , Libsig Michel , Bailly Yannick , Roy Jean-Claude
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a dedicated measurement methodology able to simultaneously determine the stability derivative Cmα and the pitch damping coefficient sum Cmq + Cmα in a wind tunnel using a single and almost non-intrusive metrological setup called MiRo.

Design/methodology/approach

To assess the MiRo method’s reliability, repeatability and accuracy, the measurements obtained with this technique are compared to other sources like aerodynamic balance measurements, alternative wind tunnel measurements, Ludwieg tube measurements, free-flight measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Two different numerical approaches are compared and used to validate the MiRo method. The first numerical method forces the projectile to describe a pure oscillation motion with small amplitude along the pitch axis during a rectilinear flight, whereas the second numerical approach couples the one degrees of freedom simulation motion equations with CFD methods.

Findings

MiRo, a novel and almost non-intrusive technique for dynamic wind tunnel measurements, has been validated by comparison with five other experimental and numerical methodologies. Despite two completely different approaches, both numerical methods give almost identical results and show that the holding system has nearly no impact on the dynamic aerodynamic coefficients. Therefore, it could be assessed that the attitude of MiRo model in the wind tunnel is very close to the free-flight one.

Originality/value

The MiRo method allows studying the attitude of a projectile in a wind tunnel with the least possible impact on the flow around a model.
Enhanced lubrication by core-shell TiO2 nanoparticles modified with PEG-400
Authors: Wei Yukun , Dai Leyang , Fang YanFei , Sheng Chen Xing , Rao Xiang
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to enhance the characteristics of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Because these NPs stick together easily and are difficult to distribute evenly, they cannot be used extensively in lubricating oils. Altering TiO2 was recommended as an alternate way for making NPs simpler to disperse.

Design/methodology/approach

Through dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP)-assisted ball mill diagnostics and modeling of molecular dynamics, TiO2@PEG-400 NPs were produced using the DBDP-assisted ball mill. The NPs’ microstructure was examined using FESEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR and TG-DSC. Using the CFT-1 reciprocating friction tester, the tribological properties of TiO2@PEG-400 NPs as base oil additives were studied. EDS and XPS were used to examine the surface wear of the friction pair.

Findings

Tribological properties of the modified NPs are vastly superior to those of the original NPs, and the lipophilicity value of TiO2 NPs was improved by 200%. It was determined through tribological testing that TiO2@PEG-400’s exceptional performance might be attributable to a chemical reaction film made up of TiO2, Fe2O3, iron oxide and other organic chemicals.

Originality/value

This work describes an approach for preventing the aggregation of TiO2 NPs by coating their surface with PEG-400. In addition, the prepared NPs can enhance the tribological performance of lubricating oil. This low-cost, high-performance lubricant additive has tremendous promise for usage in marine engines to minimize operating costs while preserving navigational safety.
Increasing employer willingness to hire people with disability: the perspective of disability employment service providers
Authors: Mahasneh Rola , Randle Melanie , Gordon Rob , Algie Jennifer , Dolnicar Sara
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate which factors are associated with the willingness of employers to hire people with disability from the perspective of disability employment service providers. We also identify social marketing approaches that disability employment service providers consider to be most effective in increasing employer willingness to hire people with disability.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the framework of the theory of planned behavior, this study examines the association of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control with employer willingness to hire people with disability. The authors do this from the perspective of disability employment service providers, who are responsible for matching people with disability with suitable employment opportunities. The authors used a qualitative approach to data collection and conducted 30 in-depth interviews. Data analysis included deductive and inductive coding to develop the themes and subthemes.

Findings

Attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control were all perceived to influence employers’ willingness to hire people with disability. However, the importance of each construct was perceived to differ by location and organization type. Three key social marketing approaches were perceived to be most effective in increasing employer willingness to hire people with disability: educational, relational and interactive. The educational intervention attempts to increase employers’ knowledge about disability, the relational approach aims to develop relationships within the community to strengthen relationships with employers and the interactive approach involves direct contact between employers and people with disability.

Originality/value

Theoretically, this study reveals perceived heterogeneity in terms of the theoretical constructs that are employer hiring decisions. Practically, results help disability employment service providers design social marketing strategies that are effective in reducing barriers and increasing employment for people with disability. Methodologically, this study adds a new perspective on employer willingness to hire people with disability – that of disability employment service providers – which avoids the social desirability bias found in many self-reported studies of employer attitudes and behavior.
Do organizational commitment and consumer satisfaction mediate the relationship corporate social responsibility-sustainable performance? Assessing happiness management in Spanish wineries
Authors: Martínez-Falcó Javier , Sánchez-García Eduardo , Marco-Lajara Bartolomé , Millan-Tudela Luis A.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The research aims to analyze the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on sustainable performance (SP), as well as the mediating effect of organizational commitment (OC) and consumer satisfaction (CS) on this link. In addition, the variables age, size and membership of a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) are included as control variables to increase the precision of the cause–effect relationships under study.

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical model is formulated to achieve the proposed research objectives, which is then tested by structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on the basis of primary data obtained from a survey of 196 Spanish wineries between September 2022 and January 2023.

Findings

The findings of the research show that CSR has a positive and significant effect on the SP of wineries, demonstrating also the mediating effect of OC and CS in this link.

Originality/value

There are several reasons that justify the originality of this study. First, the present research advances the knowledge and understanding of the meaning of the CSR–SP relationship of wineries. Secondly, to our knowledge, there are no previous studies that have analyzed OC and CS as measurement variables in the CSR–SP link in the wine context, so the study provides new scientific knowledge. Thirdly, to the best of our knowledge, the proposed theoretical model has not been previously tested, so the study advances the academic literature and management decisions on CSR and sustainability.
The Ramadan effect on commodity and stock markets integration
Authors: Ben Amar Amine , Goutte Stéphane , Hasnaoui Amir , Marouane Amine , Mzoughi Héla
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the dependence structure and volatility spillovers among two strategic commodities (crude oil and gold) and a set of Islamic and conventional regional stock market indices, while examining the Ramadan effect

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical strategy consists of two complementary measures of dependence and connectedness. This study first uses copulas to examine the dependency between the markets considered, then spillovers compute the magnitude of the connectedness among them.

Findings

The copulas analysis shows that Frank’s copula appears to better capture the relationship between most asset returns and highlights the almost absence of extreme dependence and, therefore, the existence of diversification opportunities. Moreover, the connectedness analysis suggests that gold is a net volatility receiver and provides, thereby, greater diversification benefits compared to crude oil. In addition, the high levels of time-varying connectedness support strong integration among the financial markets studied, specifically during the COVID-19 crisis period. Furthermore, the connectedness among the markets studied increases during the Ramdan subperiods, supporting shift contagion among financial markets considered during this religious holiday.

Practical implications

The results provide investors with a better understanding of the nature as well as the magnitude of the interdependences between commodity markets and a set of Islamic and conventional regional stock markets. Indeed, it is of paramount importance for investors to clearly understand how Islamic and conventional markets are segmented or integrated during stress and stress-free periods, as well as the effect of the month of Ramadan on the interdependence among markets, to better assess risks, diversify portfolios and implement more effective hedging strategies.

Originality/value

While a considerable body of literature examines financial contagion and volatility transmission between financial markets, there is still much to be said regarding connectedness among commodity and stock markets, particularly when it comes to studying the effects of religious holidays on the interaction between conventional and Islamic assets. This paper fills in this gap by focusing on the dependence structure as well as the connectedness between Islamic stock indices, conventional stock indices, gold and crude oil for six different regions, while examining the Ramadan effect.
Financial risk tolerance of individuals from the lens of big five personality traits – a multigenerational perspective
Authors: Rodrigues Crystal Glenda , B.V. Gopalakrishna
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to analyse the impact of the big five personality traits on the financial risk tolerance of individuals. Furthermore, it also examines the differences in personality traits and financial risk tolerance across four generations: baby boomers, Generation X, millennials and Generation Z.

Design/methodology/approach

The data constituted 869 responses from Indian individuals, collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire using a convenience sampling technique.

Findings

Structural equation modelling analysis showed that openness to experience, extraversion and neuroticism had a significant impact on financial risk tolerance. Multivariate analysis revealed the role of specific personality traits in predicting the financial risk tolerance of generational cohorts. Mean difference showed that millennials and Generation Z had the greatest risk tolerance, whereas the tolerance levels were lower for Generation X and baby boomers.

Research limitations/implications

This research provides insights into the role of personality on financial risk-taking among generational cohorts in India. Thus, these results cannot be generalised for other risk-taking domains or outside the Indian context.

Originality/value

This study’s results align with the pulse rate hypothesis of generational theory and contribute to the growing field of behavioural economics and finance. It provides a perspective of the emerging economy of India, where behavioural finance studies are still at a nascent stage.
Market power and markups: Malign markers for the Australian macroeconomy
Authors: Leigh Andrew
Published: April 2023

Research on markups by Hambur (Treasury Working Paper, 2021) shows that markups in Australia have increased since the turn of the century. This is consistent with findings for other advanced economies over the same period. Australia's most digitally intensive firms increased markups the most. Australian industries with the greatest increase in concentration also recorded the greatest increases in markups. This aligns with other economic evidence around declining dynamism. Over recent decades, market concentration has risen, the start‐up rate has dropped, and the share of workers starting a new job has declined. Evidence on markups is consistent with a lack of dynamism in the Australian economy.
Extending the sociology of candidacy: Bourdieu’s relational social class and mid‐life women’s perceptions of alcohol‐related breast cancer risk
Authors: Batchelor Samantha , Lunnay Belinda , Macdonald Sara , Ward Paul R.
Published: April 2023

Alcohol is a modifiable breast cancer risk, increasing risk in a dose‐dependent manner. Mid‐life women (aged 45–64 years) consume alcohol at higher rates than younger women and this, combined with age, make them a high‐risk group for breast cancer. This critical public health problem has a seemingly obvious solution (reduce drinking); however, women do not necessarily know alcohol causes breast cancer, and if they do, reducing consumption is not always possible, or desirable. To innovate public health responses, we employ an interpretative sociological framework ‘candidacy’ to understand women’s perspectives on breast cancer risk relative to alcohol consumption and their social class. Drawing on 50 interviews with Australian mid‐life women, our findings reveal the socio‐structural determinants of ‘candidacy’, that mean modifying alcohol consumption for breast cancer prevention is impacted by social class. Utilising Bourdieu’s relational capitals, our interpretations show how social class shapes women’s ascriptions and enactments of breast cancer candidacy. We offer an important theoretical extension to ‘candidacy’ by demonstrating more or less fluidity in women’s assessment of breast cancer risk according to their agency to adopt breast cancer prevention messages. Understanding the social class possibilities and limitations in women’s perceptions of breast cancer risk provides a new opportunity to reduce inequities in breast cancer incidence.
Standardising outcome reporting for clinical trials of interventions for heavy menstrual bleeding: Development of a core outcome set
Authors: Cooper Natalie A. M. , Rivas Carol , Munro Malcolm G. , Critchley Hilary O. D. , Clark T. Justin , Matteson Kristen A. , Papadantonaki Rosa , Yorke Sarah , Tan Alex , Bofill Rodriguez Magdalena , Bongers Marlies , Al‐Hendy Ayman , Bahamondes Luis , Connolly Anne , Farquhar Cindy , Gray Valbrun Tanika , Hickey Martha , Taylor Hugh S. , Toub David , Vannuccini Silvia , Iliodromiti Stamatina , Khan Khalid
Published: April 2023

Objective

To develop a core outcome set for heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB).

Design

Core outcome set (COS) development methodology described by the COMET initiative.

Setting

University hospital gynaecology department, online international survey and web‐based international consensus meetings.

Population or sample

An international collaboration of stakeholders (clinicians, patients, academics, guideline developers) from 20 countries and 6 continents.

Methods

Phase 1: Systematic review of previously reported outcomes to identify potential core outcomes. Phase 2: Qualitative studies with patients to identify outcomes most important to them. Phase 3: Online two‐round Delphi survey to achieve consensus about which outcomes are most important. Phase 4: A consensus meeting to finalise the COS.

Main outcome measures

Outcome importance was assessed in the Delphi survey on a 9‐point scale.

Results

From the ‘long list’ of 114, 10 outcomes were included in the final COS: subjective blood loss; flooding; menstrual cycle metrics; severity of dysmenorrhoea; number of days with dysmenorrhoea; quality of life; adverse events; patient satisfaction; number of patients going on to have further treatment for HMB and haemoglobin level.

Conclusions

The final COS includes variables that are feasible for use in clinical trials in all resource settings and apply to all known underlying causes of the symptom of HMB. These outcomes should be reported in all future trials of interventions, their systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines to underpin policy.
England's preconception health report: convenient and valuable data
Authors: Black Mairead
Published: April 2023

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Schoenaker et al., pp.1187–1195 in this issue To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17436.
The nexus between eco‐friendly technology and environmental degradation in India: Does the N or inverted N‐shape load capacity curve(LCC) hypothesis hold?
Authors: Huang Yongming , Villanthenkodath Muhammed Ashiq , Haseeb Mohammad
Published: April 2023

This study aims to investigate the impact of eco‐friendly technology on environmental degradation indicated using the load capacity factor (LCF) with the framework of the Load Capacity Curve (LCC) hypothesis. In this regard, an environmental degradation function is formed and analyzed using the Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (AARDL) approach during the period spanning from 1975 to 2021 for India. The outcome indicates that eco‐friendly technology reduces the LCF, thereby fostering environmental degradation in the long run, but the relationship is not significant in the short run. Further, an N‐shaped LCC hypothesis has been observed in both long and short runs. Besides, energy consumption exhibits a LCF reducing or environmental degradation boosting role in the short run and long run. These findings are consistent with other models that are used to check the robustness of AARDL‐based results. Thus, the study recommends policies for promoting eco‐friendly technology, judicious economic growth, and cautious energy consumption to attain sustainable development by increasing the LCF in India.
Changing public attitudes toward the employment of formerly incarcerated people: The role of “human resources social advocacy”
Authors: Burns Prue , De Sisto Marco , Timming Andrew R.
Published: April 2023

This registered report aims to evaluate the extent to which the human resources function can change public attitudes toward a controversial social issue. Focusing on the employment of formerly incarcerated people, we explore the novel concept of “human resources social advocacy” (HRSA), an interventionist approach through which HR might pro‐actively change and/or shape people's minds on social issues via the communication and conveyance of ideas related to HR matters of public interest. We seek to test the effectiveness of two HRSA interventions in reducing public stigma toward the employment of formerly incarcerated people. One makes a moral case (“Changing Hearts”) and the other makes an instrument case (“Changing Minds”) for including formerly incarcerated people in the labor market. We also explore which of the two interventions is more effective at achieving normative change. This research will have important implications for the “societal effects” of human resource management.
Service innovation in Hong Kong organizations: Enablers and challenges to design thinking practices
Authors: Dragičević Nikolina , Hernaus Tomislav , Lee Rongbin W. B.
Published: April 2023

East‐Asian practitioners aspiring to engage in the design thinking (DT) practice—a human‐centred approach to innovation developed and primarily used in Western cultures—may experience a “cultural clash” or “cultural misfit” that may inhibit the acceptance of DT logic. To tap into this still underexplored terrain, this qualitative study explores the enablers and challenges of effective DT practice in achieving service innovation in Hong Kong organizations. Based on a dozen in‐depth interviews, we identified numerous sociocultural and institutional enablers and challenges, which we interpreted based on the postulates of structuration theory proposed by Giddens. Our conceptualization and empirical investigation of DT through a practice lens offers a new perspective when studying the contextual antecedents of DT. Specifically, the findings show that the choice to engage in DT practice is shaped by cultural specifics in the plurality of influences that move beyond the Western perspective and previous DT studies. From a practical point of view, our research informs policymakers and managers about the importance of being culturally sensitive and humanizing digital transformation when organizing service innovation.
Adaptation of home nocturnal hemodialysis for a patient with epidermolysis bullosa: A call to personalized care!
Authors: Faratro Rose , Chan Christopher T.
Published: April 2023

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetic disease characterized by skin fragility presenting with blistering and skin erosions. Recurrent skin infections are noted to be associated with the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. End stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a rare complication in patients with EB (Ducret F., et al., Nephrol Ther, 2008). Kidney replacement therapy is very challenging in this vulnerable patient population (Fine JD. et al., Am J Kidney Dis, 2004). Herein, we describe the adaptations to our home nocturnal hemodialysis training and operations to facilitate a patient with EB and ESKD to undergo personalized home nocturnal hemodialysis therapy.
Non‐conventional dysplasia is frequently associated with low‐grade tubuloglandular and mucinous adenocarcinomas in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Akarca Fahire Goknur , Yozu Masato , Alpert Lindsay , Kővári Bence P , Zhao Lei , Salomao Marcela , Liao Xiaoyan , Westerhoff Maria , Lauwers Gregory Y , Choi Won‐Tak
Published: April 2023

Aims

There is limited information regarding the clinicopathological features of low‐grade tubuloglandular (LGTGA) and mucinous (MAC) adenocarcinomas occurring in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially with regard to their precursor lesions.

Methods and results

Forty‐six IBD colectomy specimens with LGTGA (n = 17) or MAC (n = 29) with adjacent precursor lesions were analysed. As controls, 12 IBD colectomy specimens with well‐ to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma that lacked any mucinous, signet ring cell, low‐grade tubuloglandular or serrated features were also analysed. Compared with MACs and controls, LGTGAs more often had a flat/invisible macroscopic appearance (LGTGAs = 88%, MACs = 34%, controls = 25%, P < 0.001). MACs were more likely to have high‐grade differentiation (MACs = 31%, LGTGAs = 0%, controls = 0%, P = 0.002) and a higher pathological stage (pT3 and pT4 MACs = 76%, LGTGAs = 35%, controls = 33%, P = 0.007) than LGTGAs and controls. LGTGAs (70%) and MACs (53%) were more frequently associated with non‐conventional dysplasia than controls (0%) (P < 0.001). Crypt cell (40%) and hypermucinous (34%) dysplasias were the most common non‐conventional subtypes associated with LGTGAs and MACs, respectively. Synchronous dysplasia often demonstrated non‐conventional features in the LGTGA (33%) and MAC (47%) groups (versus 0% for the control group, P = 0.074). Synchronous cancer frequently showed similar histological features as the main tumour (LGTGA group = 60%, MAC group = 38%, control group = 100%).

Conclusions

Crypt cell and hypermucinous dysplasias are the most common precursor lesions associated with LGTGAs and MACs, respectively, and may serve as a marker of increased risk for these cancer subtypes.
Exploring peer support among young learners during regular EFL classroom lessons
Authors: Kos Tomas
Published: April 2023

This study explored peer support among grade 5 learners of English as a foreign language(N = 24)interacting during regular lessons. Grounded in sociocultural theory and applying mixed‐method research methodology, this study explored to what extent and how young learners support one another during classroom tasks targeting lexical phrases. Moreover, it investigated to what extent such support accounts for learning opportunities. Students relied mainly on linguistic support through suggesting or using resources while social–emotional support such as offering support, giving positive feedback, or inviting partners’ participation was limited. The analysis also revealed instances of lack of support in the form of reprimanding, impatience, expressing a lack of awareness of the partner's contribution, or disrespecting peer's linguistic resources which, however, differed widely across pairs.
TCF3 gene rearrangements in pediatric B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia—A single center experience
Authors: Zerkalenkova Elena , Menchits Yaroslav , Borkovskaia Alexandra , Sokolova Sophia , Soldatkina Olga , Mikhailova Ekaterina , Popov Alexander , Komkov Alexander , Rumiantseva Yulia , Karachunskii Alexander , Olshanskaya Yulia
Published: April 2023

Introduction

B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL) is the most common neoplasm in children. One of the long known recurrent rearrangements in BCP‐ALL is t(1;19)(q23;p13.3)/TCF3::PBX1. However, other TCF3 gene rearrangements were also described that are associated with significant difference in ALL prognosis.

Methods

The current study aimed to analyze the spectrum of TCF3 gene rearrangements in children in Russian Federation. A cohort of 203 patients with BCP‐ALL was selected based on FISH screening and was studied by karyotyping, FISH, RT‐PCR and high throughput sequencing.

Results

T(1;19)(q23;p13.3)/TCF3::PBX1 is the most common aberration in TCF3‐positive pediatric BCP‐ALL (87.7%), with its unbalanced form prevailing. It resulted from TCF3::PBX1 exon 16‐exon 3 fusion junction (86.2%) or unconventional exon 16‐exon 4 junction (1.5%). Rarer events included t(12;19)(p13;p13.3)/TCF3::ZNF384 (6.4%) and t(17;19)(q21‐q22;p13.3)/TCF3::HLF (1.5%). The latter translocations demonstrated high molecular heterogeneity and complex structure—four distinct transcripts were shown for TCF3::ZNF384 and each patient with TCF3::HLF had a unique transcript. These features hamper TCF3 rearrangement primary detection by molecular methods and brings FISH screening to the fore. A case of novel TCF3::TLX1 fusion in a patient with t(10;19)(q24;p13) was also discovered. Survival analysis within the national pediatric ALL treatment protocol demonstrated the severe prognosis of TCF3::HLF compared to both TCF3::PBX1 and TCF3::ZNF384.

Conclusion

So, high molecular heterogeneity of TCF3 gene rearrangement in pediatric BCP‐ALL was demonstrated and a novel fusion gene TCF3::TLX1 was described.
A stochastic integer programming approach to reserve staff scheduling with preferences
Authors: Perreault‐Lafleur Carl , Carvalho Margarida , Desaulniers Guy
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, reaching a high level of employee satisfaction in efficient schedules is an important and difficult task faced by companies. We tackle a new variant of the personnel scheduling problem under unknown demand by considering employee satisfaction via endogenous uncertainty depending on the combination of their preferred and received schedules. We address this problem in the context of reserve staff scheduling, an unstudied operational problem from the transit industry. To handle the challenges brought by the two uncertainty sources, regular employee and reserve employee absences, we formulate this problem as a two‐stage stochastic integer program with mixed‐integer recourse. The first‐stage decisions consist in finding the days off of the reserve employees. After the unknown regular employee absences are revealed, the second‐stage decisions are to schedule the reserve staff duties. We incorporate reserve employees' days‐off preferences into the model to examine how employee satisfaction may affect their own absence rates.
All‐cause and cause‐specific mortality risks associated with calcium supplementation with or without vitamin D: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Kim Kyoung Jin , Choi Jimi , Kim Kyeong Jin , Kim Nam Hoon , Kim Sin Gon
Published: April 2023

Background

Current evidence regarding the mortality outcomes associated with calcium supplementation with or without low‐dose vitamin D is conflicting.

Objectives

To investigate the effects of calcium supplementation with or without vitamin D on all‐cause and cause‐specific mortalities in a large‐scale cohort.

Methods

This study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance System database and National Death Registry. A total of 27,846 participants aged >55 years who had taken calcium supplements with or without vitamin D for at least 90 days (calcium supplementation only [CaO], n = 6256; calcium supplementation in combination with vitamin D [CaD], n = 21,590) were matched in a 1:1 ratio to those who did not take calcium or vitamin D supplements (control group) using propensity scores.

Results

No difference in all‐cause mortality risk was found between the CaO and control groups: (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92–1.10). However, all‐cause mortality was lower in the CaD group (HR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80–0.89) compared with that in the control group. Mortality risk associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) was decreased in the CaD group when the daily vitamin D dose received was less than 1000 IU (HR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.64–0.81). Subgroup analysis showed significant effect of vitamin D with calcium in individuals who were female, aged ≥65 years or had previous history of cancer or CVD.

Conclusion

In combination with calcium, vitamin D supplementation provides better outcomes for all‐cause mortality, particularly CVD‐associated mortality, in a duration‐dependent manner.
Effect of melatonin cream on acute radiation dermatitis in patients with primary breast cancer: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Zetner Dennis , Kamby Claus , Christophersen Camilla , Gülen Sengül , Paulsen Cecilie B. , Piga Emily , Hoffmeyer Bodil , Mahmood Faisal , Rosenberg Jacob
Published: April 2023

Aim

This was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized study investigating whether melatonin can protect against radiation dermatitis in women receiving radiation therapy for primary breast cancer.

Methods

Patients were included before radiation therapy and followed once weekly throughout treatment with a 3‐week follow‐up. Patients applied 1 g of cream to the irradiated skin twice daily, consisting of either 25 mg/g melatonin and 150 mg/g dimethyl sulfoxide, or placebo. Our outcomes were the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group's (RTOG) acute radiation morbidity scoring criteria for skin, a pixel analysis of erythema in clinical photographs, and patients’ use of corticosteroid cream. Outcomes were evaluated once weekly throughout the trial. The primary outcomes were RTOG‐score and pixel analysis at 2 weeks follow‐up. Secondary outcomes were the use of corticosteroid cream and analyses of RTOG‐scores and pixel analyses throughout the trial.

Results

Sixty‐five patients were included, 17 dropped out, totaling 26 and 22 patients randomized to melatonin and placebo, respectively. RTOG‐scores and pixel analyses at 2 weeks follow‐up showed no difference p = .441 and p = .890, respectively). There was no difference in the use of corticosteroid cream (p = .055). Using logistic regression, the melatonin group had a higher likelihood of having a low RTOG‐score (p = .0016). The logistic regression showed no difference between the groups for the pixel analyses.

Conclusion

Our primary outcome showed no difference in RTOG‐scores at 2 weeks follow‐up, however, the RTOG‐score over the entire duration of the study demonstrated a protective effect of melatonin. Further studies are warranted investigating higher doses of melatonin, and whether corticosteroids may influence the effect of melatonin cream against radiation dermatitis.