bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrient ratios driven by vertical stratification regulate phytoplankton community structure in the oligotrophic western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Sun Jun , Gu Ting , Zhang Guicheng , Wei Yuqiu
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The stratification of the upper oligotrophic ocean has a direct
impact on biogeochemistry by regulating the components of the upper-ocean
environment that are critical to biological productivity, such as light
availability for photosynthesis and nutrient supply from the deep ocean. We
investigated the spatial distribution pattern and diversity of phytoplankton
communities in the western Pacific Ocean (WPO) in the autumn of 2016, 2017,
and 2018. Our results showed the phytoplankton community structure mainly
consisted of cyanobacteria, diatoms, and dinoflagellates, while the
abundance of Chrysophyceae was negligible. Phytoplankton abundance was high
from the equatorial region to 10∘ N and decreased with
increasing latitude in spatial distribution. Phytoplankton also showed a
strong variation in the vertical distribution. The potential influences of
physicochemical parameters on phytoplankton abundance were analyzed by a
structural equation model (SEM) to determine nutrient ratios driven by
vertical stratification to regulate phytoplankton community structure in the
typical oligotrophic ocean. Regions with strong vertical stratification were
more favorable for cyanobacteria, whereas weak vertical stratification was
more conducive to diatoms and dinoflagellates. Our study shows that
stratification is a major determinant of phytoplankton community structure
and highlights that physical processes in the ocean control phytoplankton
community structure by driving the balance of chemical elements, providing a
database to better predict models of changes in phytoplankton community
structure under future ocean scenarios.
Multi-decadal (1953–2017) rock glacier kinematics analysed by high-resolution topographic data in the upper Kaunertal, Austria
Authors: Fleischer Fabian , Haas Florian , Piermattei Livia , Pfeiffer Madlene , Heckmann Tobias , Altmann Moritz , Rom Jakob , Stark Manuel , Wimmer Michael H. , Pfeifer Norbert , Becht Michael
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Permafrost is being degraded worldwide due to the change
in external forcing caused by climate change. This has also been shown to
affect the morphodynamics of active rock glaciers. We studied these changes,
depending on the analysis, on nine or eight active rock glaciers,
respectively, with different characteristics in multiple epochs between 1953
and 2017 in Kaunertal, Austria. A combination of historical aerial
photographs and airborne laser scanning data and their derivatives were used
to analyse surface movement and surface elevation change. In general, the
studied landforms showed a significant acceleration of varying magnitude in
the epoch 1997–2006 and a volume loss to variable degrees throughout the
investigation period. Rock glaciers related to glacier forefields showed
significantly higher rates of subsidence than talus-connected ones. Besides,
we detected two rock glaciers with deviating behaviour and one that showed
an inactivation of its terminal part. By analysing meteorological data
(temperature, precipitation and snow cover onset and duration), we were able
to identify possible links to these external forcing parameters. The
catchment-wide survey further revealed that, despite the general trend,
timing, magnitude and temporal peaks of morphodynamic changes indicate a
slightly different sensitivity, response or response time of individual rock
glaciers to fluctuations and changes in external forcing parameters.
Multilayer observation and estimation of the snowpack cold content in a humid boreal coniferous forest of eastern Canada
Authors: Parajuli Achut , Nadeau Daniel F. , Anctil François , Alves Marco
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Cold content (CC) is an internal energy state within a snowpack and is defined by the energy deficit required to attain isothermal snowmelt temperature (0 ∘C). Cold content for a given snowpack thus plays a critical role because it affects both the timing and the rate
of snowmelt. Measuring cold content is a labour-intensive task as it
requires extracting in situ snow temperature and density. Hence, few studies
have focused on characterizing this snowpack variable. This study describes
the multilayer cold content of a snowpack and its variability across four
sites with contrasting canopy structures within a coniferous boreal forest
in southern Québec, Canada, throughout winter 2017–2018. The analysis was divided into two steps. In the first step, the observed CC data from weekly snowpits for 60 % of the snow cover period were examined. During the second step, a reconstructed time series of modelled CC was produced and analyzed to highlight the high-resolution temporal variability of CC for the
full snow cover period. To accomplish this, the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS; featuring a single-layer snow model) was first implemented to obtain simulations of the average snow density at each of the four sites. Next, an empirical procedure was used to produce realistic density profiles, which, when combined with in situ continuous snow temperature measurements from an automatic profiling station, provides a time series of CC estimates at half-hour intervals for the entire winter. At the four sites, snow persisted on the ground for 218 d, with melt events occurring on 42 of those days.
Based on snowpit observations, the largest mean CC (−2.62 MJ m−2) was observed at the site with the thickest snow cover. The maximum difference in mean CC between the four study sites was −0.47 MJ m−2, representing a
site-to-site variability of 20 %. Before analyzing the reconstructed CC time series, a comparison with snowpit data confirmed that CLASS yielded reasonable bulk estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) (R2=0.64 and percent bias (Pbias) =-17.1 %), snow density (R2=0.71 and
Pbias =1.6 %), and cold content (R2=0.93 and Pbias =-3.3 %). A snow density profile derived by utilizing an empirical
formulation also provided reasonable estimates of layered cold content
(R2=0.42 and Pbias =5.17 %). Thanks to these encouraging
results, the reconstructed and continuous CC series could be analyzed at the four sites, revealing the impact of rain-on-snow and cold air pooling episodes on the variation of CC. The continuous multilayer cold content time series also provided us with information about the effect of stand structure, local topography, and meteorological conditions on cold content
variability. Additionally, a weak relationship between canopy structure and
CC was identified.
Altimetric observation of wave attenuation through the Antarctic marginal ice zone using ICESat-2
Authors: Brouwer Jill , Fraser Alexander D. , Murphy Damian J. , Wongpan Pat , Alberello Alberto , Kohout Alison , Horvat Chris , Wotherspoon Simon , Massom Robert A. , Cartwright Jessica , Williams Guy D.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The Antarctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) is a highly dynamic region where sea ice interacts with ocean surface waves generated in ice-free areas of the Southern Ocean. Improved large-scale (satellite-based) estimates of MIZ width and variability are crucial for understanding atmosphere-ice-ocean interactions and biological processes, and detection of change therein. Legacy methods for defining the MIZ width are typically based on sea ice concentration thresholds, and do not directly relate to the fundamental physical processes driving MIZ variability. To address this, new techniques have been developed to determine MIZ width based on the detection of waves and calculation of significant wave height attenuation from variations in ICESat-2 surface heights. The poleward MIZ limit (boundary) is defined as the location where significant wave height attenuation equals the estimated satellite height error. Extensive automated and manual acceptance/rejection criteria are employed to ensure confidence in MIZ width estimates, due to significant cloud contamination of ICESat-2 data or where wave attenuation was not observed. Analysis of 304 MIZ width estimates retrieved from four months of 2019 (February, May, September and December) revealed that sea ice concentration-derived MIZ width estimates were far narrower (by a factor of ~7) than those from the new techniques presented here. These results suggest that indirect methods of MIZ estimation based on sea ice concentration are insufficient for representing physical processes that define the MIZ. Improved measurements of MIZ width based on wave attenuation will play an important role in increasing our understanding of this complex sea ice zone.
Students’ Perspective On Using Internet Based Dental Educational Videos As An Adjunct In Dental Education
Authors: Mateen Hira , Aslam Ayesha , Jafer Zobash
Published: December 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe students’ perspective regarding the role of internet-based education as a supplementing tool in dental education. Study Design and Setting: A cross-sectional survey was designed and carried out among the dental students of Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi in March 2018. Methodology: Approximately two hundred and five regular undergraduate dental students of 2nd, 3rd and final year BDS were included with an overall response rate of 100%. A self-administered close-ended questionnaire was used regarding the student’s perspective of using internet based educational videos during their course of dental education. Data was analyzed using SPSS version .24. Descriptive statistics was calculated.Chisquare test was used. P<0.05 was taken as significant. Result: Majority of the students (97.6%) considered internet based dental educational videos (IBDEVs) was a significant supplementing tool in dental education and agreed that the knowledge gained by internet based dental educational videos was retainable and reproducible. A greater frequency of students (88.8%) searched for videos based on clinical procedures than those for theory-based topics. No significant difference was observed between males and females as well as students of different years regarding opinion about significance of IBDEVs and their frequency of use (P>.05). Conclusion: Internet based dental educational videos (IBDEVs) were used as a beneficial supplementing tool by dental undergraduate students to enhance their understanding of a topic and improve overall learning.
Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) vs Osteoperforations (A Review on Periodontal Reactions to Orthodontic Tooth Movement)
Authors:   BDS, MDS, Agrawal’s Dental Clinic, Dahod, India, Agrawal Miral , Sharma Shefali ,   BDS, MDS, Agrawal’s Dental Clinic, Dahod, India, Rathod Parmeshwari ,   BDS, MDS, Agrawal’s Dental Clinic, Dahod, India
Published: December 2021

A high number of adult patients are undertaking orthodontic treatment now because of the newer methods, technology, and innovations available in the market. Orthodontic profession is continually looking for new ways to perform treatment effectively for such patients, as there are many differences in the biology, motivation, and treatment objectives between adults and children. Aligner therapy and mini-implants are some of the ways of managing orthodontic treatment for adult patients. Treatment time is a concern for adult patients and methods to accelerate the orthodontic tooth movement have been a focus in the orthodontic field. Periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) is a surgical procedure that is performed with a combination of alveolar corticotomy, bone grafting, followed by orthodontic treatment. This procedure uses the principle of regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP). Another procedure commonly used for accelerated orthodontic tooth movement is osteoperforations. This is a minimally invasive procedure, which does not include a flap surgery. The purpose of this article is to describe the differences between adult and children periodontal tissues, the use of different appliances for adult treatment, how orthodontic treatment has been modified for adult patients, and the detailed explanation of procedures for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement such as PAOO and osteoperforations and the potential complications
Una mirada socioambiental y territorial de la pandemia
Authors: Ensabella Beatriz
Published: December 2021

Presentamos un ensayo sobre el contexto de producción del Covid 19 y su relación con el capitalismo financiero. Para ello, acudimos a multiplicidad de fuentes y disciplinas como la epidemiología histórica, la historia social de la salud y la enfermedad, la historia ambiental, la ecoepidemiología o epidemiología ambiental, aunque siempre prevalece una perspectiva espacial, encuadrada en la geografía social crítica. Ponemos énfasis en múltiples escalas espaciales que interactúan, para llegar a conjugarlas en la escala local. Así, el ensayo comienza con planteos generales y de escala macro, para llegar al comportamiento territorial de la pandemia en la Argentina, sin profundizar en el caso.
Percepción sobre las estrategas pedagogícas implementadas para el fomento de la CT&I en escuelas de Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)
Authors: Quimbayo Hernández Laura Paola , Maza Avila Francisco Javier
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las estrategias pedagógicas empleadas por docentes de básica primaria y secundaria de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, para el fomento de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación (CT&I), así como la percepción que tienen sobre su efectividad. Para ello, se aplicó un cuestionario dirigido a una muestra de docentes de básica primaria y secundaria que laboran en instituciones públicas y privadas de la ciudad, siguiendo un muestreo no probabilístico. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los docentes implementan estrategias pedagógicas para el fomento de la CT&I, siendo la construcción de un proyecto de aula más utilizada. Para ello, se apoyan en diversas herramientas, tales como páginas web, bibliotecas virtuales y softwares educativos. Por su parte, una buena parte de los docentes valoran como baja o nula las inversiones que realizan las instituciones donde laboran para el fomento y desarrollo de la CT&I. Además, consideran como deficiente la incidencia de las políticas o lineamientos para el fomento de la CT&I para las instituciones educativas de básica primaria y secundaria formuladas por los entes gubernamentales, pese a ser conscientes de la importancia de su incentivo en el desarrollo y progreso de la comunidad estudiantil y la formación de los futuros investigadores y científicos del país. Se recomienda seguir fortaleciendo las acciones para el fomento de la CT&I, en especial, las asociadas a la formación de los docentes. Asimismo, debe garantizarse el acceso los recursos pedagógicos necesarios, para incrementar la efectividad.
State of pollution of Ogosta River waters
Authors: Zhelezov Georgi , Benderev Aleksey
Published: December 2021

The present research is related to one of the basic component of the environment – waters with study area the Ogosta river catchment. It is based on the investigation of water samples collected during field research in the river monitoring area and laboratory analysis. The research is focused on the state of the pollution and quality of the water. The results can be used in the processes of environmental optimization and realization of the strategies for sustainable development in the region.
Morphometric analysis of the drainage network in the Vitosha Mountain (preliminary results)
Authors: Bozhkov Petko
Published: December 2021

The aim of the following case study is to analyze quantitatively the drainage network in the Vitosha Mountain, SW Bulgaria. Drainage network is outlined from topographic maps and extracted from digital elevation model (DEM). Several morphometric parameters are calculated – drainage density, channel-segment frequency, total stream length, etc. Hierarchy of tributaries and main rivers is also discussed.
A new technique for remote location of unknown caves and deep-seated faults by unmanned aerial systems (UAS)
Authors: Shopov Yavor , Petkova Krisia , Ognianov Ognian
Published: December 2021

Here, for the first time in Bulgaria, we demonstrate that aerial survey of the terrain with a coaxial thermal and visible camera mounted on an UAS can detect much larger number of entrances to underground cavities and deep seated faults than a detailed systematic ground survey by experienced personnel. Thus geophysical problems are solved with these remote sensing methods. It is extremely promising and reveals great opportunities for improving techniques for location of unknown caves and deep seated faults to a much higher level. Obtained results are a significant step forward in the state-of-the art.
Organization of medical care in FMBA institutions of the siberian federal district during the pandemic of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): challenges and solutions
Authors: Fetisov A. O. , Kravchenko E. I.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The experience of organization of medical activity in the medical institutions subordinate to the FMBA of Russia in the Siberian Federal District during the I-III epidemic waves of COVID-19, the procedure for making and implementing organization and managerial decisions on building the health care system; the analysis of the experience gained in the formation and operation of consolidated mobile emergency response teams was made.

Materials and methods. The study was performed on the basis of the statistical data, regulations on the organization of medical care for patients diagnosed with COVID-19, including medical care provision in the extreme conditions.

Results and Discussion. The rational distribution of infectious diseases hospitals, human resources and equipment made it possible to create bed capacity reserve, as a result of which, even during the peak episodes of the pandemic process, the average occupancy of beds in the serviced area was no more than 92-93% and there was always the possibility to receive new patients in hospitals; the capacity of the laboratory was gradually increased 25 times: from 200 tests per day in the pre-pandemic period to 5,000 tests per day. Thanks to the introduction of the new management solutions, digitalization of medical processes has been ensured: accounting of results in the medical information system, transmission of results directly to medical institutions within 12-14 hours, which is 4 times faster than the standard time. The legal regulations of interaction with the rescue centres of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the Ministry of Defense and other power structures, the improvement of the material and technical equipment of basic mobile hospitals and emergency medical teams were proposed for discussion.

Conclusion. A scheme has been worked out for the involvement of the MOF of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia in the timely organizational measures for mobilization of forces and means in order to ensure the re-profiling of medical activities to work on providing medical care in the COVID-19 pandemic conditions.
Food allergies and acute allergic reactions: diagnostic options
Authors: Lepeshkova T. S. , Andronova E. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Anaphylaxis is a systemic potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction featuring the rapid onset, manifestations of the respiratory tract and/or hemodynamics and usually, but not always, accompanied by changes in the skin and mucous membranes [1]. The cause of developing an acute generalized reaction in food anaphylaxis may be the minimum culprit product amount that has entered the patient's body through the mouth or through the skin/mucous membranes. Patients like these are, as a rule, first seen by a paediatrician, a related specialist, or a paramedic. Since the doctors often consider the symptoms of foodborne anaphylaxis separately, the latter does not cause proper suspicion: angioedema and/or acute urticaria accompanying rhinorrhea, acute bronchospasm or laryngitis developed extremely quickly or immediately after contact with an allergen.

The aim of the work was to acquaint paediatricians and doctors of related specialties with the food anaphylaxis symptoms, to justify the need for an allergologist-immunologist to consult these patients in order to resolve the issue of required component-resolved diagnosis of allergy and development of an individual elimination diet, taking into account the patient's sensitization profile.

Materials and methods. Clinical observation of a child (boy, age — 12 months) with symptoms of atopic dermatitis and episodes of food anaphylaxis in the anamnesis; general clinical examination and allergological examination of the patient by component allergodiagnostics were performed.

Results. Sensitization to ovalbumin (Gald 2 -16.60 kU/l) and ovomucoid (Gald 1-9.01 kU/l) was established. The detected sensitization is a predictor of severe systemic allergic reactions to eggs.

Discussion. Component diagnostics performed as prescribed by an allergologist not only confirms the causative allergen, but also evaluates the risks of developing acute reactions if the allergen is accidentally introduced to the child and the timing of the patient's tolerance formation. This sensitization will cause sudden systemic allergic reactions for years to come.

Conclusion. It is important for a specialist to timely suspect food anaphylaxis, differentiate it from other emergency and urgent conditions, and give the patient the correct recommendations on the need for consultation with an allergologist-immunologist. Only a thoughtful, comprehensive medical approach to each acute condition in a child will significantly reduce the risk of repeated episodes of food anaphylaxis.
Cytological evaluation of a single cell culture of Luminal A subtype breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Shamshurina E. O. , Mogilenskikh A. S. , Grebenyuk E. V. , Sazonov S. V. , Demidov S. M.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Despite significant advances in the creation of stable cell lines, the focus of research has recently shifted toward the creation of primary cell cultures derived directly from patient tumor samples, which include both tumor cells and microenvironmental cells.

The aim of the study was to compare the morphological characteristics of the cells of a breast carcinoma sample when cultured over three passages.

Materials and methods. Material for the study was obtained during surgical intervention in a patient diagnosed with breast carcinoma. Slices were prepared from the tumor sample according to the standard histological protocol and stained with monoclonal antibodies to estrogen, progesterone, Ki-67, Her2/neu receptors. Cell nuclei were stained with hematoxylin. Immunohistochemical reaction was performed in DAKO autostainer (Denmark). Part of the material was placed in Hanks' solution with 5% antibiotic antimycotics and delivered to the Cell Culture Laboratory, where after performing the standard protocol for obtaining cell culture, tumor cells were diluted in Mammocult nutrient medium and placed in culture vials. For morphological evaluation, cells were stained by Pappenheim. For immunocytochemical analysis in determining the belonging of cells to epithelial cells using anti-Pan Keratin Primary Antibody antibody. The number of cells was counted in an automatic TC20 counter, and culture growth was monitored using an Eclipse TS100 microscope, Nikon (Japan).

Results and Discussion. On the basis of immunohistochemical study, the tumor sample was classified as Luminal-A subtype. During the study several groups of cells were isolated and cytologically evaluated. The results of immunocytochemical analysis of the cultured cells confirm that the tumor cells retained their epithelial phenotype during culturing. In spite of the manifestation of cell polymorphism in BML cell culture, during three passages the cultured tumor cells retained their epithelial nature and showed a tendency to form a monolayer.

Conclusion. A detailed study of cytomorphology and immunocytological characteristics of cultured cells of different immunohistochemical PBMC subtypes will help to evaluate the main regularities of tumor cell vital functions in vitro and allow a more differentiated approach to the creation of personalized cell cultures in order to develop a targeted chemotherapeutic effect on tumors of specific patients.
Aspects of the history of the military band in the cultural area of the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Academy of Music Theatre and Fine Arts, Republic of Moldova, Cazacu Oleg
Published: December 2021

The military marching band is an imposing but also prestigious artistic present in the national and international musical landscape. Having a rich and old tradition, it continues to play an important role in the cultural life, asserting itself as a mechanism for promoting national and universal musical heritage and as an effective means of ethical and aesthetic education of the military and the general public. Often, famous works from the universal repertoire are more easily assimilated by the average spectator through fanfares. In this article, we will refer to some aspects of the history of the phenomenon. After 1990, with the postponement of the independence of the Republic of Moldova, military structures, internal affairs bodies, institutions for training specialists in the field, such as the Police Academy, etc. are created. As a result, military band orchestras are established and invigorated. One of them, which enjoys success and shows high professionalism, is the Band Orchestra of the General Inspectorate of Carabineers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Conservation and restoration of some icons from the collection of church objects of Agapia Monastery, Neamţ, Romania
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Romania, Mosneagu Mina Adriana
Published: December 2021

Agapia Monastery – the remarkable Moldavian monastery painted by Nicolae Grigorescu – has a precious heritage of icons, books and documents, liturgical textiles, goldsmithing. Among these, the main place is occupied by the icons painted in the XV-XIX centuries, either in post-Byzantine style, in tempera technique, or in realistic style, in oil technique. Some icons from the XVIII-XIX centuries have been preserved and restored in the Icon Restoration laboratory of the Faculty of Theology in Iaşi. In time, the icons kept in the storage of the Monastery Museum have suffered of degradation caused both by the deficient author’s technique and by the exogenous, biotic and abiotic factors. The wooden supports of some icons were severely degraded by the attack of xylophagous insects, being affected both the mechanical resistance and the appearance of the wood. The numerous galleries immediately below the pictorial layer determined its deformation. The pictorial layer of some icons was degraded mainly due to the errors of the painters’ work technique: very thin and fragile preparation layer or excessive binder, which led to the formation of accentuated early cracks. The appearance of the icons was affected either by the chromatic alteration of the protective varnish, or by the deposits of dust and soot in the atmosphere. The interventions for the conservation of the icons consisted in biociding the painting support and in consolidating the pictorial layer detached from the wooden support. The restoration of the icons aimed at removing the dirt deposits from the painting by physico-chemical means, filling the gaps in the icons and their chromatic integration, with easily reversible materials. After conservation and restoration, the icons returned to the Agapia Monastery for use.
Once again about the citadel of the Kilia fortress
Authors:   Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, Slapac Mariana
Published: December 2021

The Kilia stone citadel (in fact, New-Kilia, today Kilia, Ukraine), located on the left bank of the northern branch of the Danube, was the oldest and most protected part of the medieval defensive ensemble. Most likely, it was built by the Genoeses that had their own colony, ruled by consuls in the second half of the XIV century. In order to supplement the data on the Kilia citadel (which does not exist today), the author uses the Ottoman and Russian topographic, iconographic and graphic sources of the late XVIII century. The citadel was a quadrangular fort, separated from the rest of the fortified complex by two ditches filled with water. The corners of the stone square were reinforced with four parallelepiped towers: the Commandant’s Tower (Dizdar Kulesi), the Agha Tower (Ağa Kulesi), the Ammunition Tower (Tophane Kulesi) and the Arsenal Tower (Cephane Kulesi). The Kilia citadel perfectly illustrates a mixed (combined) or transitional model with one or two peripheral donjons, with equal defense capabilities from all sides. It is based on a regular Italian quadrangular castle with four corner towers in the form of a parallelepiped.
The importance of personal safety and human security in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic for the sustainable development of the Republic of Moldova in the European intercultural space
Authors:   Institute of Juridical, Political and Sociological Research, Republic of Moldova, Sprincean Serghei
Published: December 2021

The European intercultural context, especially in the current pandemic, requires the acceleration of modernization of the system of ensuring human security and safety by re-conceptualizing the personal security of the individual, as well as the culture of security and safety. In this context, the concept of human security was developed in direct connection with the theory of the society at risk, in which special role is given to the security of the person. The Republic of Moldova (RM) interacts at institutional, normative, value, civilizational level with the European intercultural space in the format determined including by the Association Agreement of the RM with the EU, signed on June 27, 2014. The priorities of the Agreement are related to the specifics of the Moldovan society, to its modernization needs. Therefore, the sustainable development of the RM, as part of the European space, with new values and perspectives determines a revaluation of the individual’s primary needs, including the need for personal safety and security and for an easier intercultural dialogue in a European intercultural space meant to become a stronghold of harmony, security, development and prosperity.
Apert Syndrome
Authors: Kumar Jyotika S.
Published: December 2021

Apert syndrome is another genetically inherited syndrome characterized by craniosynostosis (premature fusion of coronal sutures) resulting skull and facial deformities and syndactyly. The syndrome was first described in 1906 by French physician Eugene Apert when he described nine people with similar facial and extremity characteristics. In 1906, Eugène Apert, a French physician, described nine people sharing similar attributes and characteristics.
Acoustic and elastic wave propagation in microstructured media with interfaces: homogenization, simulation and optimization
Authors: Touboul Marie
Published: December 2021

The design of media at a microstructured scale allows to control wave propagation in a fine way and to obtain exotic effects at the macroscopic scale. Thanks to homogenization methods, the microstructure can be advantageously replaced, at the macro scale, by a homogeneous effective medium. Then, it raises the question of optimization tools in order to design the microstructure that allows to achieve a desired macroscopic effect. In this context, the consideration of interfaces (microstructured interfaces, imperfect interfaces) can lead to modifications in the homogenization methods, the numerical methods, or the optimization methods classically used. Two different cases of interfaces will be presented (PhD work, supervised by Cédric Bellis and Bruno Lombard):

(i) Homogenization and optimization are first carried out for microstructured interfaces. The homogenization of a highly contrasted, and therefore resonant, microstructured interface is studied in the time-domain and leads to resonant jump conditions on an effective interface (coll: Kim Pham, Agnès Maurel, Jean-Jacques Marigo). The introduction of auxiliary variables allows to get a local evolution problem in time which is then solved numerically to perform time-domain simulations for the effective resonant meta-interface. Finally, the sensitivity of the effective non-resonant model to the geometry of the microstructure is determined using topological derivatives (coll: Rémi Cornaggia) in order to develop a topological optimization of the microstructure.

(ii) Homogenization of solids with imperfect interfaces of the spring-mass type is then performed (coll: Raphaël Assier). The wavefields are approximated at low-frequency for possibly nonlinear cracks. An approximation of both the wavefields and the dispersion relation is also obtained at higher frequencies for a 1D array of linear cracks.
On Differential Subordination and Superordination for Univalent Function Involving New Operator
Authors: I. Hameed Mustafa , Najad Shihab Buthyna
Published: December 2021

The goal of this paper is to investigate some of the features of differential subordination of analytic univalent functions in an open unit disc. In addition, it has shed light on geometric features such as coefficient inequality, Hadamard product qualities, and the Komatu integral operator. Some intriguing results for third-order differential subordination and superordination of analytic univalent functions have been installed. Then, using the convolution of two linear operators, certain results of third order differential subordination involving linear operators were reported. As a result, we use features of the Komatu integral operator to analyze and study third-order subordinations and superordinations in relation to the convolution. Finally, several results for third order differential subordination in the open unit disk using generalized hypergeometric function have been addressed using the convolution operator.
BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS BASED ON THERMOGRAPHY IMAGES USING PRE-TRAINED NETWORKS
Authors: UCUZAL Hasan , BAYKARA Muhammet , KÜÇÜKAKÇALI Zeynep
Published: December 2021

Aim: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women around the world. Because of its low cost and the fact that it does not emit hazardous radiation, infrared thermography has emerged as a viable approach for diagnosing the condition in young women. This study aims to create a computer-aided diagnostic system that can process thermographic breast cancer images and classify breast cancer with pre-trained networks in order to use thermography as a diagnostic method.

Materials and Methods: In this study, an open-access data set consisting of thermographic breast cancer images was used for diagnostic purposes. The data set consists of 179 healthy images and 101 images from patients. The images were converted from .txt format to .jpeg format. The data set is acquired from http://visual.ic.uff.br/dmi/. In this study, various pre-trained networks were used to reduce the training time. Different metrics were employed to assess the performance of the models.

Results: The images obtained during the modeling phase were used to display both breasts in the image without distinguishing the right and left breasts, that is, without fragmenting the images. According to the results of the different pre-trained network models after the data preprocessing stages, the best classification performance was achieved for the ResNet50V2 model with an accuracy value of 0.996.

Conclusion: In this study, a computer-aided diagnosis system was created by developing an interface for breast cancer classification from thermographic images in addition to experimental findings. The web software based on the proposed models has provided promising predictions of breast cancer from thermographic images. The developed software can help medical and other healthcare professionals easily spot breast cancer.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS FOR ACCURATE GROUND SCANNING OF SLOPE LAND SURFACE
Authors:   I.N.  Ulianov  Chuvash  State  University, Vasilev S.A. , Mishin S.A. ,   I.N.  Ulianov  Chuvash  State  University, Limonov S.E. ,   I.N.  Ulianov  Chuvash  State  University, Vasilev A.A. ,   Nizhny  Novgorod  State  Engineering-Economic  Uni-versity, Petrov A.A. ,   I. Yakovlev Chuvash  State  Pedagogical  University
Published: December 2021

This paper describes the development of intelligent mechatronic systems for accurate ground scanning of slope land surface. Soil erosion causes a reduction in the areas acceptable for agricultural production, loss of soil fertility, creation of negative environmental situations and violation of the soil structure, which, in general, reduces crop yields. Modern digital land use on slope lands deter-mines the use of intelligent approaches and establishes a number of requirements that are necessary and link the technical characteristics of the applied mechatronic sys-tems and the parameters that characterize the agricultural landscape of slope lands. The research goal is to substan-tiate the intellectual method of spiral scanning of the under-lying surface in combination with the methods of digital modeling of slope lands and a number of technologies for accurate land use on slope lands that provide differentiated management impact. A field mechatronic profiler of an orig-inal design was developed for the implementation of intelli-gent technologies for accurate ground scanning of slope land surface. The principle of operation and the sequence of scanning operations using a field laptop and a wireless connection are described. An intelligent selection of the profiling scheme of the daily soil surface along Fermat’s spiral is implemented based on the data obtained along the circle. Preliminary studies of the daily surface of the soil, after its main treatment, allowed determining crumbly con-dition and ridgeness when scanning along the circumfer-ence as well as to establish a point cloud when scanning the entire studied surface along the Fermat’s spiral. At the same time, the soil moisture and the geoposition of the studied elementary site on an agricultural field were meas-ured. The developed intelligent mechatronic systems for accurate ground scanning of slope land surfacemake it possible to increase the accuracy and reliability of measur-ing surface parameters throughout the studied site, natural and climatic parameters of the environment in the field on slope lands by expanding the functionality of the device, taking into account the influence of a set of side physical phenomena and meteorological conditions.
ANALYSIS OF OVERVOLTAGE POSSIBILITY ON THE EXCITATION WINDING OF A SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR OF AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN CASE OF EXTERNAL SYMMETRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Beliy V.B.
Published: December 2021

Reliable supply of consumers with electric energy largely depends on the reliability of power source function-ing. In the context of this paper it depends on synchronous generators operating in autonomous power supply sys-tems. In contrast to the power plant generators which are part of power systems and are protected from the loads by sufficiently large resistances, power supply systems withautonomous generators are characterized by rather low resistances. Abrupt changes in the supply load parameters, their own transient and emergency modes, for example, short circuits at the generator terminals, forcing excitation, etc. may lead to various failures in the synchronous gener-ator operation. This paper discusses the possibility of over-voltage in the valve excitation system of a synchronous generator with external three-phase short circuits. On the basis of analytical expressions describing the physical pro-cesses occurring in the excitation system of synchronous generators, the conditions for the occurrence of overvolt-ages are identified
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BREEDING ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE SIMMENTAL CATTLE IN THE ALTAI REGION
Authors:   Federal  Altai Scientific Center of  Agro-Biotechnologies, Gromova T.V. , Kamardina I.A. ,   Altai State Agricultural University
Published: December 2021

The Simmental cattle herd of the Altai Region is im-proved regarding a complex of economic characters; the genotypes of Austrian and German breeding are used. The research goals were to evaluate the effectiveness of breed-ing work with the population for the last 10 years and to study the quality of animals obtained from bulls of different breeding. Two trial groups of adult cows (from bulls of do-mestic and foreign breeding) were formed. The following groups of characters were studied: milk yield andmilk qual-ity; body type including udder properties; reproduction lev-el. Milk processability was studied in the Laboratory of Ana-lytical Research of the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologiesaccording to the standard methods. Selection and genetic parameters were calculated for the main indices. It was found that the breeding work with the Altai population of Simmental cattle was quite effective. The daughters of the bulls of Austrian and German breed-ing had the following higher indices: butterfat and protein content -by 0.08-0.11%; dry solids content -by 0.21%; casein content -by 0.14%; the amount of milk of the 1st and 2nd class of heat stability -by 24.6%; the percentage of cows with body condition scores“excellent” and “good+” -by5.0%; the number of cows with bowl-shaped udder -by 7.0%; some udder measurements (length, depth and girth) -by 2.2-7.6 cm; service period duration -shorter by 7.5 days. The breeding and genetic parameters of the dairy characters have low values, and there is an inverse corre-lation (-0.22 ± 0.18) of milk yield and protein content; that suggests the need to select cows according to the following indices: milk yield × butterfat weight percentage × protein weight percentage.
SOME LINEAR MEASUREMENTS OF HONEY-BEE LIVINGIN THE VICINITY OF THE CITY OF BARNAUL OF THE ALTAI REGION
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Meshcheryakova L.A.
Published: December 2021

The indices used in determining bee breeds were stud-ied: wing size and abdominal tergite 3 width; the metatar-sus of the right hind leg was measured to determine the tarsal index. The percentage of individuals with different variants of discoidal displacement (positive, negative, neu-tral) was determined. The data of morphometric measure-ments of bees of 3 colonies are presented. The wing indi-ces in the 1st group of bees were slightly lower thanthe standard values (8.81-9.21; 3.01-3.23 mm). In the 2nd and 3rd bee colonies, the wing length was the same as in the European darkand Carpathian populations in 15% and 25% of individuals. A certain number of insects (15; 25; 60%) had a wing width equalto the European darkand Italian races. The studied bees had the sizes of the third abdominal tergite (4.88 ± 0.030; 4.92 ± 0.030; 4.97 ± 0.033 mm) as in all major breeds kept in the Russian Fed-eration. The tarsal index values (60.43 ± 0.452; 58.62 ± 0.445; 57.08 ± 0.322%) did not fit within the standards of the main bee breeds (54.0-56.2%). There was yellow color of the third tergite (35%; 80%) and all types of discoidal displacement (+; -; 0) in the insects of the 1st and 2nd col-onies. In the 3rd bee colony, the yellowness of the ab-dominal tergites lacked completely, and the positive dis-coidal displacement made 80%. In 3 studied groups of bees, the coefficient of variability was at the level of 1-4% for all indices. Thus, the research revealed the insectswith the signs of the European dark, Carniolan, Carpathian, Italian and Caucasian breeds.
DETERMINATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF EAR CONTENTS MICROFLORA IN DOGS WITH OTITIS SIGNS BY USING MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS
Authors:   State Agricultural University of Northern Trans-Urals, Veremeeva S.A.
Published: December 2021

Otitis in domestic carnivores, particularly in dogs, is an important problem in veterinary science and practice. Ac-cording to various Russian and foreign authors, the spread of otitis externa in dogs varies from 12.5 to 37%. The re-search goal was to study microscopic examination as an effective method for determining the composition of ear contentmicroflora in dogs. The research objective was to conduct a microscopic analysis of the collected material for the comprehensive diagnosis of otitis in dogs. The studies were carried out at the Department of Anatomy and Physi-ology of the State Agricultural University of Northern Trans-Urals and at the veterinary clinics of the City of Tyumen. The samples from 58 dogs were examined microscopically. All animals underwent initial examination. The samples were taken from both ears. The material was applied to a microscope slide, and then dried and Gram stained. The study revealed that in 15 dogs (35%) with suspected exter-nal ear inflammation, coccal forms of bacteria were found; that was indicative of the presence of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. Rod-shaped bacteria were found in 10 dogs (25%), indicating the presence of Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas. Yeast fungi were found in 17 individuals (40%). Fungi were represented by Mallasezia spp and, in isolated cases, Candida. In 42 individuals (75%) with sus-pected inflammation of the external acoustic meatus, the examination revealed bacteria and yeast fungi. The studies have shown that microscopic analysis is an important diag-nostic tool to evaluate the process of inflammation and identify the causes of secondary infection. This analysis may and should be used to identify the qualitative and quantitative composition of microorganisms in the patho-logical material from the ear canal content of sick dogs
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A MOBILE UNITFOR LIQUID MANURE SEPARATION INTO FRACTIONS
Authors:   Azov-Black  Sea  Engineering  Institute, Baryshnikov A.V.
Published: December 2021

The research conducted earlier in our country was mainly aimed at solving the problem of rational use of liquid manure produced in large pig breeding enterprises. How-ever, more than 70% of pork is produced on small, medi-um-size and large farms represented by several technolog-ical premises. In these enterprises, the issues of pro-cessing liquid manure as the experience of their operation in the Southern Federal District shows are resolved unsat-isfactorily. One of the advanced solutions is the use of a mobile unit for the separation of liquid pig manure into frac-tions, the basic element of which is a brush auger. The separation process in the auger occurs in the filtration zones with the production of sediment and squeezing with the production of a solid fraction. The results of experi-mental studies to determine the moisture content of the sediment in various parts of the filtration zone arepresent-ed. It has been found that this indicator depends on the length of the filtration and dewatering zones, the angle of inclination of the screw to the horizon and the rotation fre-quency of the screw. The obtained results allowed deter-mining the length of the filtration and dewatering zones, the sum of which should not exceed 4 m, the angle of inclina-tion of the auger -up to 30° and the rotation frequency within 6.3-9.4 s-1. At the same time, the moisture content of the sediment at the exit from the dewatering zone is from 83.5% up to 78.8%