bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Design of Experiments for Development of Flocculating Agents for Treatment of Crude Oil Emulsions
Authors: Rezende F. C. , Rabelo R. B. , Filho P. J. C.
Published: October 2017

Emulsions are formed during crude oil production due to the presence of natural surfactants and brine in the petroleum fluids. In addition, turbulence wich the produced fluids are subjected to, either initiated by differential pressure in the drawdown region near the wellbore or in presence of a pumping system, also exacerbates the emulsion problems. Water-in-oil emulsions are the most common type of colloidal dispersion experienced in oilfields. The stabilization mechanism for those dispersions are not fully understood and, overcoming all the stabilization mechanisms present, make the selection of the desired demulsifier for breaking the water-in-oil emulsion very challenging. The use of the right treater, also known as dryer or flocculating agent, is paramount in order to achieve the requirements such as less than 1% BS&W. On the other hand, the standard procedure in the Oil and Gas industry widely used today for screening emulsion breaker intermediates and final demulsifier formulations is still a trial-and-error methodology, which does not correlate the physical-chemical properties to the application performance. For this reason, a Design of Experiments study was used for the development and selection of amine-based flocculating agents, based on relevant parameter investigation, such as Surface Tension (ST) and Relative Solubility Number (RSN). The objective was to use statistical treatment to optimize the flocculants agent molecules aiming to obtain relevant improved results concerning petroleum dehydration during emulsion breaker studies.
Laboratory Validation of Engineered Composite and High Fluid-Loss Materials to Help Cure Severe Losses in Fractured Formations
Authors: Obando David , Fornasier Frank
Published: October 2017

Circulation losses are frequently encountered during drilling operations. Therefore, the availability of various sizes and types of lost circulation materials (LCMs) to mitigate these losses are crucial to minimize nonproductive time (NPT) and costs related to the severity of fluid lost to the formation. This paper presents extensive laboratory testing performed to validate the effectiveness of novel LCMs intended for severe-to-total drilling fluid-loss control in overburden and reservoir formations.

Two different families of LCMs were tested in a particle plugging apparatus (PPA) using metallic disks with various slot sizes that simulated different fracture widths under defined pressure and temperature conditions. Initially, low pressures were applied to validate the materials ability to form a plug over the slots. Next, high pressures were applied to validate the deposited plugs ability to maintain their shape, which indicates the fractures plugging effectiveness. Both LCM families easily released the continuous phase at differential pressures of 100 psi and deposited a uniform and firm wall cake that can rapidly seal a wide range of apertures (4 to 7 mm). The LCM plugs deposited on the simulated fractures provided effective pressure containment, withstanding differential pressures as high as 2,000 psi. Additionally, the evaluated materials were visually inspected, and their ability to release water and form a dry wall cake over any high-permeability slot was validated.

Circulation losses are generally countered by mixing various types of LCMs to achieve a defined particle size distribution (PSD), which might only seal one size of fracture. This paper presents laboratory test results, which indicated the two LCM families could seal a wide range of fractures effectively. The first application of the studied LCMs in a naturally fractured ultradeepwater well is also presented.
Reservoir Development with OCTOPUS: Drainage Plan Decisions Supported by an Artificial Intelligence System
Authors: Cardoso Marco Antônio , Pacheco Marco Aurélio , Abreu Ana Carolina , Mendonza Leonardo
Published: October 2017

In this work, we demonstrate the application of OCTOPUS system to support the decision on drainage plan considering multiple reservoir cases (CARDOSO et al., 2017). Octopus employs a technology based on Artificial Intelligence to guide the process of high-VPL drainage plan. This work reveals OCTOPUS'S performance in supporting E&P experts by proposing drainage plan under reservoir uncertainty conditions. OCTOPUS interacts with a reservoir simulator to search the best well allocation scenario that maximizes the reservoir net present value (NPV). It uses mathematical methods to deal with constraints, and has a Genetic Algorithms (GA) optimizer to determine the optimal number, type (injector or producer), trajectory (vertical, horizontal or directional) and location of wells. Among the significant results, we highlight 2 main cases in which the increase in NPV achieved by OCTOPUS is over 4%. The first case is the optimization under geological uncertainty of an oil field during 35 years and the second case is a mesh densification study on a field under production for 16 years.
Inhibition of IRAK1 Ubiquitination Determines Glucocorticoid Sensitivity for TLR9-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages
Authors: Kong Fansheng , Liu Zhiwei , Jain Viral G. , Shima Kenjiro , Suzuki Takuji , Muglia Louis J. , Starczynowski Daniel T. , Pasare Chandrashekhar , Bhattacharyya Sandip
Published: October 2017

Inflammatory responses are controlled by signaling mediators that are regulated by various posttranslational modifications. Recently, transcription-independent functions for glucocorticoids (GC) in restraining inflammation have emerged, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we report that GC receptor (GR)–mediated actions of GC acutely suppress TLR9-induced inflammation via inhibition of IL-1R–associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) ubiquitination. β-TrCP–IRAK1 interaction is required for K48-linked ubiquitination of IRAK1 at Lys134 and subsequent membrane-to-cytoplasm trafficking of IRAK1 interacting partners TNFR-associated factor 6 and TAK1 that facilitates NF-κB and MAPK activation. Upon costimulation of macrophages with GC and TLR9-engaging ligand, GR physically interacts with IRAK1 and interferes with protein–protein interactions between β-TrCP and IRAK1. Ablation of GR in macrophages prevents GC-dependent suppression of β-TrCP–IRAK1 interactions. This GC-mediated suppression of IRAK1 activation is unique to TLR9, as GC treatment impairs TLR9 but not TLR4 ligand–induced K48-linked IRAK1 ubiquitination and trafficking of IRAK1 interacting partners. Furthermore, mutations in IRAK1 at Lys134 prevent TLR9 ligand–induced activation of inflammatory signaling mediators and synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to an extent comparable to GC-mediated inhibition. Collectively, these findings identify a transcription-independent, rapid, and nongenomic GC suppression of TLR9 ligand–mediated IRAK1 ubiquitination as a novel mechanism for restraining acute inflammatory reactions.
Analysis of new outpatients’ responses to a survey of their reasons for visiting a dental clinic
Authors: Kimura Yasuyuki , Tonami Ken-ichi , Mataki Shiro , Araki Kouji
Published: October 2017

Background: To practice holistic therapy, health professionals must understand not only biological information but also psychological and social aspects of patient complaints at the first visit medical interview. However, few studies have investigated psychological and social causes associated with the patient’s complaint. Although patients’ complaints are expected to be related to their background and behavior, research on this issue has been limited. Aim: This study investigated the proportions of biological, psychological, and social causes contributing to patients’ complaints as well as the influences of new outpatients’ backgrounds on reasons for visiting our hospital. Methods: We analyzed health questionnaires from 5129 new outpatients visiting our hospital. Patients’ reasons for visiting the dental hospital were classified into three categories: “biological,” “psychological,” and “social.” We subdivided biological reasons based on the patient’s explanatory model. Descriptions of psychological reasons were subdivided into several groups. Results: Biological, psychological, and social reasons for visiting our hospital were given by 86%, 6%, and 8% of patients, respectively. Compared to men, significantly more women gave psychological reasons, while significantly more men gave social reasons. Patients who had attended another dental clinic were significantly more likely to indicate a psychological reason. Among patients who had attended another dental clinic, the most common reason for visiting our hospital was dissatisfaction. Patients who had not previously consulted any medical clinic tended to present explanatory models. Patients without a surgical history or systemic disease and those not taking medication showed similar tendencies. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a patient’s background affects their behavior.
Dentinogenic differentiation potential of fast set white portland cements of a different origin on dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly , Luddin Norhayati , Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj , Mokhtar Khairani Idah , Ahmad Azlina
Published: October 2017

Background: Advances in endodontic biomaterials are at the forefront of endodontic research. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the dentinogenic differentiation potential of extracts of two formulations (normal and fast set [FS] by the addition of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O) of white Portland cements (WPCs) of a different origin (Aalborg, Malaysia, and Egypt) on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Materials and Methods: The material extracts at 12.5 mg/ml were applied on DPSCs cultured in 96-well plates. After 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of incubation, the RNA was extracted, cDNA was prepared, and the expression of four dentinogenic gene markers (bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein, dentin sialophosphoprotein, runt-related transcription factor 2, and secreted phosphoprotein 1 [SPP1]) was examined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis, and the level of significance was set at 0.05 (P = 0.05). Results: Significant differences were observed between Malaysian WPC (MAWPC) and Egyptian WPC (EGWPC) and FS MAWPC), FS EGWPC in 7 out of 15 and 6 out of 10 comparisons, respectively. While more expressions in EGWPC group were observed in four comparisons and three for MAWPC, all FS formulations showed higher expressions for FS MAWPC compared to FS EGWPC (P < 0.05). The addition of CaCl2.2H2O to MAWPC and EGWPC increased the upregulation of SPP1 gene at all-day intervals, which was not observed with other genes. Conclusions: The dentinogenic differentiation of DPSCs shows different expression profiles to extracts of normal and fast formulations of WPC. Extracts of WPC of different origin have different dentinogenic differentiation potential on DPSCs.
Emission ratios of trace gases and particles for Siberian forest fires on the basis of mobile ground observations
Authors: Vasileva Anastasia , Moiseenko Konstantin , Skorokhod Andrey , Belikov Igor , Kopeikin Vladimir , Lavrova Olga
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Boreal forest fires are currently recognized as a significant factor in climate change and air quality problems. Although emissions of biomass burning products are widely measured in many regions, there is still lack of information on the composition of wildfire emissions in Siberia, a region known for its severe wildfire activity. Emission ratios (ERs) are important characteristics of wildfire emissions as they may be used to calculate the mass of species emitted into the atmosphere due to combustion of a known mass of biomass fuel. We analyze observations of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), total nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), nitrogen oxides NOx ( =  NO + NO2), particulate matter (PM3), and black carbon (BC) within two forest fire plume transects made by the moving railway observatory during TRanscontinental Observations Into the Chemistry of the Atmosphere (TROICA) expeditions. Slopes in linear regressions of excess levels of the pollutants are used to obtain ERCO ∕ CO2 = 10–15 %, ERCH4 ∕ CO = 8–10 %, ERNMHC ∕ CO = 0.11–0.21 % ppmC ppmC−1, ERNOx ∕ CO = 1.5–3.0  ppb ppm−1, ERPM3 ∕ CO = 320–385 ng m−3 (µg m−3)−1, and ERBC ∕ CO =  6.1–6.3 µg m−3 ppm−1, which fall within the range of uncertainty of the previous estimates, being at the higher edge for ERCH4 ∕ CO, ERNMHC ∕ CO, and ERPM3 ∕ CO and at the lower edge for ERNOx ∕ CO. The relative uncertainties comprise 5–15 % of the estimated ERCH4 ∕ CO, ERNMHC ∕ CO, and ERPM ∕ CO and 10–20 % of ERNOx ∕ CO, ERCO ∕ CO2, and ERBC ∕ CO. The uncertainties are lower than in many other similar studies and associated mainly with natural variability of wildfire emissions.
Multi-model ensemble simulations of olive pollen distribution in Europe in 2014: current status and outlook
Authors: Sofiev Mikhail , Ritenberga Olga , Albertini Roberto , Arteta Joaquim , Belmonte Jordina , Bernstein Carmi Geller , Bonini Maira , Celenk Sevcan , Damialis Athanasios , Douros John , Elbern Hendrik , Friese Elmar , Galan Carmen , Oliver Gilles , Hrga Ivana , Kouznetsov Rostislav , Krajsek Kai , Magyar Donat , Parmentier Jonathan , Plu Matthieu , Prank Marje , Robertson Lennart , Steensen Birthe Marie , Thibaudon Michel , Segers Arjo , Stepanovich Barbara , Valdebenito Alvaro M. , Vira Julius , Vokou Despoina
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The paper presents the first modelling experiment of the European-scale olive pollen dispersion, analyses the quality of the predictions, and outlines the research needs. A 6-model strong ensemble of Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) was run throughout the olive season of 2014, computing the olive pollen distribution. The simulations have been compared with observations in eight countries, which are members of the European Aeroallergen Network (EAN). Analysis was performed for individual models, the ensemble mean and median, and for a dynamically optimised combination of the ensemble members obtained via fusion of the model predictions with observations. The models, generally reproducing the olive season of 2014, showed noticeable deviations from both observations and each other. In particular, the season was reported to start too early by 8 days, but for some models the error mounted to almost 2 weeks. For the end of the season, the disagreement between the models and the observations varied from a nearly perfect match up to 2 weeks too late. A series of sensitivity studies carried out to understand the origin of the disagreements revealed the crucial role of ambient temperature and consistency of its representation by the meteorological models and heat-sum-based phenological model. In particular, a simple correction to the heat-sum threshold eliminated the shift of the start of the season but its validity in other years remains to be checked. The short-term features of the concentration time series were reproduced better, suggesting that the precipitation events and cold/warm spells, as well as the large-scale transport, were represented rather well. Ensemble averaging led to more robust results. The best skill scores were obtained with data fusion, which used the previous days' observations to identify the optimal weighting coefficients of the individual model forecasts. Such combinations were tested for the forecasting period up to 4 days and shown to remain nearly optimal throughout the whole period.
Contributions of natural and anthropogenic sources to ambient ammonia in the Athabasca Oil Sands and north-western Canada
Authors: Whaley Cynthia , Makar Paul A. , Shephard Mark W. , Zhang Leiming , Zhang Junhua , Zheng Qiong , Akingunola Ayodeji , Wentworth Gregory R. , Murphy Jennifer G. , Kharol Shailesh K. , Cady-Pereira Karen E.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is a short-lived pollutant that plays an important role in aerosol chemistry and nitrogen deposition. Dominant NH3 emissions are from agriculture and forest fires, both of which are increasing globally. The Alberta Oil Sands region has relatively low ambient NH3 concentrations because of its remote location in northern Canada; however, a previous attempt to model NH3 in the region showed a substantial negative bias compared to satellite column and aircraft observations. Known missing sources of NH3 in the model were re-emission of NH3 from plants and soils (bidirectional flux), and forest fire emissions, but the relative impact of these sources on NH3 concentrations and column totals was unknown. Here we have used a research version of the high-resolution air quality forecasting model, GEM-MACH, to quantify the relative impacts of natural (bidirectional flux of NH3 and forest fire emissions) and anthropogenic (Oil Sands operations, combustion of fossil fuels, and agriculture) sources on ammonia concentrations, both at the surface and aloft, with a focus on the Athabasca Oil Sands region, during a measurement-intensive campaign in the summer of 2013. The addition of fires and bidirectional flux has improved the model bias, slope and correlation coefficients relative to ground, aircraft, and satellite measurements significantly. By running the GEM-MACH model in three configurations and calculating their differences, we find that averaged over Alberta and Saskatchewan during this time period; an average of 23.1 % of surface NH3 came from direct anthropogenic sources, 56.6 % (or 1.24 ppbv) from bidirectional flux (reemission from plants and soils), and 20.3 % (or 0.42 ppbv) from forest fires. In the NH3 total column, an average of 19.5 % came from direct anthropogenic sources, 50.0 % from bidirectional flux, and 30.5 % from forest fires. The addition of bidirectional flux and fire emissions caused the overall average net flux of NH3 across the domain to be positive (upward). It also increased the NH+4 wet deposition by nearly a factor of three during the period simulated. Note that forest fires are very episodic and their contributions will vary significantly for different time periods and regions.
Single-particle measurements of bouncing particles and in situ collection efficiency from an airborne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) with light-scattering detection
Authors: Liao Jin , Brock Charles A. , Murphy Daniel M. , Sueper Donna T. , Welti André , Middlebrook Ann M.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. A light-scattering module was coupled to an airborne, compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (LS-AMS) to investigate collection efficiency (CE) while obtaining nonrefractory aerosol chemical composition measurements during the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) campaign. In this instrument, particles scatter light from an internal laser beam and trigger saving individual particle mass spectra. Nearly all of the single-particle data with mass spectra that were triggered by scattered light signals were from particles larger than ∼ 280 nm in vacuum aerodynamic diameter. Over 33 000 particles are characterized as either prompt (27 %), delayed (15 %), or null (58 %), according to the time and intensity of their total mass spectral signals. The particle mass from single-particle spectra is proportional to that derived from the light-scattering diameter (dva-LS) but not to that from the particle time-of-flight (PToF) diameter (dva-MS) from the time of the maximum mass spectral signal. The total mass spectral signal from delayed particles was about 80 % of that from prompt ones for the same dva-LS. Both field and laboratory data indicate that the relative intensities of various ions in the prompt spectra show more fragmentation compared to the delayed spectra. The particles with a delayed mass spectral signal likely bounced off the vaporizer and vaporized later on another surface within the confines of the ionization source. Because delayed particles are detected by the mass spectrometer later than expected from their dva-LS size, they can affect the interpretation of particle size (PToF) mass distributions, especially at larger sizes. The CE, measured by the average number or mass fractions of particles optically detected that had measurable mass spectra, varied significantly (0.2–0.9) in different air masses. The measured CE agreed well with a previous parameterization when CE > 0.5 for acidic particles but was sometimes lower than the minimum parameterized CE of 0.5.
Field measurements of biogenic volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere using solid-phase microextraction Arrow
Authors: Barreira Luís Miguel Feijó , Duporté Geoffroy , Rönkkö Tuukka , Parshintsev Jevgeni , Hartonen Kari , Schulman Lydia , Heikkinen Enna , Jussila Matti , Kulmala Markku , Riekkola Marja-Liisa
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by terrestrial vegetation participate in a diversity of natural processes. These compounds impact both on short-range processes, such as on plant protection and communication, and on high-range processes, by e.g. participation on aerosol particle formation and growth. The biodiversity of plant species around the Earth, the vast assortment of emitted BVOCs, and their trace atmospheric concentrations contribute to the high remaining uncertainties about the effects of these compounds on atmospheric chemistry and physics, and call for the development of novel collection devices that can offer portability with improved selectivity and capacity. In this study, a novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) Arrow sampling system was used for the static and dynamic collection of BVOCs from the boreal forest, and samples were subsequently analysed on-site by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This system offers higher sampling capacity and improved robustness than the traditional equilibrium-based SPME techniques, such as SPME fibers. Field measurements were performed in summer 2017 at the Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II) in Hyytiälä, Finland. Complementary laboratory tests were also performed to compare the SPME-based techniques under controlled experimental conditions and to evaluate the effect of temperature and relative humidity on their extraction performance. The most abundant monoterpenes and aldehydes were successfully collected. A significant improvement on sampling capacity was observed with the new SPME Arrow system when compared to SPME fibers, with collected amounts being approximately 2 times higher for monoterpenes and 7–8 times higher for aldehydes. BVOC species exhibited different affinities for the type of sorbent materials used (PDMS/Carbon WR vs. PDMS/DVB). Higher extraction efficiencies were obtained with dynamic collection prior to equilibrium regime, but this benefit during the field measurements was small probably due to the natural agitation provided by the wind. An increase in temperature and relative humidity caused a decrease in the amounts of analytes extracted under controlled experimental conditions, even though the effect was more significant for PDMS/Carbon WR than for PDMS/DVB. Overall, results demonstrated the benefits and challenges of using SPME Arrow for the sampling of BVOCs in the atmosphere.
The importance of snow albedo for ice sheet evolution over the last glacial cycle
Authors: Willeit Matteo , Ganopolski Andrey
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The surface energy and mass balance of ice sheets strongly depends on the amount of solar radiation absorbed at the surface, which is mainly controlled by the albedo of snow and ice. Here, using an Earth system model of intermediate complexity, we explore the role played by surface albedo for the simulation of glacial cycles. We show that the evolution of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets over the last glacial cycle is very sensitive to the representation of snow albedo in the model. It is well known that the albedo of snow depends strongly on the snow grain size and the content of light absorbing impurities. Excluding either the snow aging effect or the dust darkening effect on snow albedo leads to an excessive ice build-up during glacial times and consequently to a failure in simulating deglaciation. While the effect of snow grain growth on snow albedo is well constrained, the albedo reduction due to the presence of dust in snow is much more uncertain, because the light absorbing properties of dust vary widely as a function of dust mineral composition. We also show that assuming slightly different optical properties of dust leads to very different ice sheet and climate evolutions in the model. Conversely, ice sheet evolution is less sensitive to the choice of ice albedo in the model. We conclude that a proper representation of snow albedo is a fundamental prerequisite for a successful simulation of glacial cycles.
A study on some basic features of inertial oscillations and near-inertial internal waves
Authors: Chen Shengli , Chen Daoyi , Xing Jiuxing
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Some basic features of inertial oscillations and near-inertial internal waves are investigated by simulating a two-dimensional (x − z) rectangular basin (300 km  ×  60 m) driven by a wind pulse. For the homogeneous case, near-inertial motions are pure inertial oscillations. The inertial oscillation shows typical opposite currents between the surface and lower layers, which is formed by the feedback between barotropic waves and inertial currents. For the stratified case, near-inertial internal waves are generated at land boundaries and propagate offshore with higher frequencies, which induce tilting of velocity contours in the thermocline. The inertial oscillation is uniform across the whole basin, except near the coastal boundaries ( ∼  20 km), where it quickly declines to zero. This boundary effect is related to great enhancement of non-linear terms, especially the vertical non-linear term (w ∂ u∕ ∂ z). With the inclusion of near-inertial internal waves, the total near-inertial energy has a slight change, with the occurrence of a small peak at  ∼  50 km, which is similar to previous research. We conclude that, for this distribution of near-inertial energy, the boundary effect for inertial oscillations is primary, and the near-inertial internal wave plays a secondary role. Homogeneous cases with various water depths (50, 40, 30, and 20 m) are also simulated. It is found that near-inertial energy monotonously declines with decreasing water depth, because more energy of the initial wind-driven currents is transferred to seiches by barotropic waves. For the case of 20 m, the seiche energy even slightly exceeds the near-inertial energy. We suppose this is an important reason why near-inertial motions are weak and hardly observed in coastal regions.
Monte Carlo Simulations for Uncertainty Estimation in 3D Geological Modeling, A Guide for Disturbance Distribution Selection and Parameterization
Authors: Pakyuz-Charrier Evren , Lindsay Mark , Ogarko Vitaliy , Giraud Jeremie , Jessell Mark
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling aims to determine geological information in a 3D space using structural data (foliations and interfaces) and topological rules as inputs. They are necessary in any project where the properties of the subsurface matters, they express our understanding of geometries in depth. For that reason, 3D geological models have a wide range of practical applications including but not restrained to civil engineering, oil and gas industry, mining industry and water management. These models, however, are fraught with uncertainties originating from the inherent flaws of the modeling engines (working hypotheses, interpolator’s parameterization) combined with input uncertainty (observational-, conceptual- and technical errors). Because 3D geological models are often used for impactful decision making it is critical that all 3D geological models provide accurate estimates of uncertainty. This paper’s focus is set on the effect of structural input data uncertainty propagation in implicit 3D geological modeling using GeoModeller API. This aim is achieved using Monte Carlo simulation uncertainty estimation (MCUE), a heuristic stochastic method which samples from predefined disturbance probability distributions that represent the uncertainty of the original input data set. MCUE is used to produce hundreds to thousands of altered unique data sets. The altered data sets are used as inputs to produce a range of plausible 3D models. The plausible models are then combined into a single probabilistic model as a means to propagate uncertainty from the input data to the final model. In this paper, several improved methods for MCUE are proposed. The methods pertain to distribution selection for input uncertainty, sample analysis and statistical consistency of the sampled distribution. Pole vector sampling is proposed as a more rigorous alternative than dip vector sampling for planar features and the use of a Bayesian approach to disturbance distribution parameterization is suggested. The influence of inappropriate disturbance distributions is discussed and propositions are made and evaluated on synthetic and realistic cases to address the sighted issues. The distribution of the errors of the observed data (i.e. scedasticity) is shown to affect the quality of prior distributions for MCUE. Results demonstrate that the proposed workflows improve the reliability of uncertainty estimation and diminishes the occurrence of artefacts.
A control-oriented dynamic wind farm model: WFSim
Authors: Boersma Sjoerd , Doekemeijer Bart , Vali Mehdi , Meyers Johan , van Wingerden Jan-Willem
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Wind turbines are often sited together in wind farms as it is economically advantageous. Controlling the flow within wind farms to reduce the fatigue loads and provide grid facilities such as the delivery of a demanded power is a challenging control problem due to the underlying time-varying nonlinear wake dynamics. It is therefore important to use the closed-loop control paradigm since it can partially account for model uncertainty and, in addition, it can deal with unknown disturbances. State-of-the-art closed-loop dynamic wind farm controllers are based on computationally expensive wind farm models, which make these methods suitable for analysis though unsuitable for online control. The latter is important, because it allows for model adaptation to the time-varying atmospheric conditions using SCADA measurements. As a consequence, more reliable control settings can be evaluated. In this paper, a dynamic wind farm model suitable for online wind farm control will be presented. The derivation of the control-oriented dynamic wind farm model starts with the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Then, terms involving the vertical dimension will be estimated in order to partially compensate for neglecting the vertical dimension or neglected such that a 2D-like dynamic wind farm model will be obtained. Sparsity of and structure in the system matrices make this model relatively computational inexpensive hence suitable for online closed-loop controller synthesis including model parameter updates. Flow and power data evaluated with the wind farm model presented in this work will be validated with high fidelity flow data.
Investigating the impact of atmospheric stability on thunderstorm outflow winds and turbulence
Authors: Hawbecker Patrick , Basu Sukanta , Manuel Lance
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Downburst events initialized at various hours during the evening transition (ET) period are simulated to determine the effects of ambient stability on the outflow of downburst winds. The simulations are performed using a pseudo-spectral large eddy simulation model at high resolution to capture both the large-scale flow and turbulence characteristics of downburst winds. First, a simulation of the ET is performed to generate realistic initial and boundary conditions for the subsequent downburst simulations. At each hour in the ET, an ensemble of downburst simulations is initialized separately from the ET simulation in which an elevated cooling source within the model domain generates negatively buoyant air to mimic downburst formation. The simulations show that while the stability regime changes, the ensemble mean of the peak wind speed remains fairly constant (between 35–38 m s−1) and occurs at the lowest model level for each simulation. However, there is a slight increase in intensity and decrease in the spread of the maximum outflow winds as stability increases as well as an increase in the duration in which these strongest winds persist. This appears to be due to the enhanced maintenance of the ring vortex that results from the low-level temperature inversion, increased ambient shear, and a lack of turbulence within the stable cases. Coherent turbulent kinetic energy and wavelet spectral analysis generally show increased energy in the convective cases and that energy increases across all scales as the downburst passes.
Qualidade da consulta de enfermagem na assistência ao pré-natal de risco habitual
Authors: Oliveira Isabelly Gomes de , Castro Lígia Laura de Sousa , Massena Anderson Mariano , Santos Lydia Vieira Freitas dos , Sousa Leilane Barbosa de , Anjos Saiwori de Jesus Silva Bezerra dos
Published: October 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade da consulta de enfermagem na assistência ao pré-natal de risco habitual. Estudo descritivo, realizado em Redenção, Ceará, com base na observação não participante de cinco enfermeiros, cada um em três consultas de pré-natal, totalizando 15 observações, subsidiado por um formulário tipo check-list com variáveis recomendadas pelo Ministério da Saúde na estratégia do Programa de Qualidade na Assistência (PROQUALI). Os resultados evidenciaram que a assistência foi considerada satisfatória para o quesito acolhimento, parcialmente satisfatória para anamnese, orientações em saúde e exame físico. Assim, a assistência pré-natal foi classificada como parcialmente satisfatória, pois atividades essenciais à promoção de uma gestação sem intercorrências não foram realizadas. Isto traz a necessidade de investimentos em desenvolvimento de recursos humanos e maior acompanhamento da qualidade da assistência pelos gestores.
Acesso à sala de vacinas nos serviços de atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Ferreira Ariana Vitalina , Oliveira Clara Fonseca , Guimarães Eliete Albano de Azevedo , Cavalcante Ricardo Bezerra , Moraes Juliano Teixeira , Oliveira Valeria Conceição de
Published: October 2017

Objetivou-se analisar o acesso às salas de vacinas nas Estratégias Saúde da Família de um município de Minas Gerais/Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo de caso único, qualitativo, realizado no ano de 2015. As salas de vacinas foram as unidades de análise do estudo. Realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 49 usuários e 30 profissionais de saúde e observação da rotina de atendimento em sala de vacina. Procedeu-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática, com as categorias pré-estabelecidas. Os dados demonstraram que o acesso às salas de vacina na atenção primária à saúde apresentam entraves, implicando na exclusão de usuários ao serviço de imunização, por isso a importância de conhecer as dificuldades do acesso ao serviço, a fim de reorganizá-lo de forma a abranger a vacinação a todo público-alvo do Programa Nacional de Imunização.
Cuidado à mulher em situação de violência doméstica: representações de enfermeiras(os) hospitalares
Authors: Acosta Daniele Ferreira , Gomes Vera Lucia De Oliveira , Oliveira Denize Cristina , Marques Sergio Corrêa , Gomes Giovana Calcagno
Published: October 2017

Estudo objetivou analisar a estrutura e os conteúdos das representações sociais de enfermeiras(os) acerca do cuidado à vítima de violência doméstica. Participaram enfermeiras(os) de dois hospitais públicos de médio porte do município do Rio Grande/RS. Os dados foram colhidos por meio de evocações livres frente ao termo indutor “cuidado à vítima” e analisados por software. As(os) enfermeiras(os) possuem as representações centradas no cuidado psicossocial demonstrado pelos termos presentes no núcleo central. Na zona de contraste infere-se a presença de um subgrupo que reconhece a importância do cuidado físico, sem se limitar a ações tecnicistas. Na periferia evidencia-se a face com o trabalho frente aos termos assistência e orientação. Profissionalismo revela a necessidade de abordar o objeto com base no saber reificado. Considera-se que por se tratar de um tema com carga emocional, somado à hospitalização e a fragilidade da vítima, o enfoque psicossocial é mais significativo no contexto do cuidado.
Interações medicamentosas em prescrições para idosos hospitalizados com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda
Authors: Lima Tiago Aparecido Maschio de , Godoy Moacir Fernandes de
Published: October 2017

Objetivou-se determinar a taxa de interações medicamentosas potenciais teóricas em prescrições para idosos diagnosticados com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda em um hospital de ensino. Estudo descritivo exploratório com análise de 607 prescrições através de bases de dados informatizadas para identificar e classificar as interações de acordo com a intensidade (maior, moderada ou menor), mecanismo (farmacocinético ou farmacodinâmico) e relevância da documentação. Foram detectadas 10.162 interações, distribuídas entre 554 tipos de combinações diferentes dentre os medicamentos prescritos, e 99% das prescrições apresentaram pelo menos uma e máximo de 53 interações, destacando-se a prevalência de maiores e moderadas. Houve correlação entre o número de interações e o número de medicamentos prescritos e o tempo de hospitalização. Este estudo contribui para a delimitação do padrão de prevalência das interações medicamentosas em prescrições para Síndrome Coronariana Aguda, além de subsidiar a importância da implantação efetiva da Farmácia Clínica em hospitais de ensino.
Tuberculose: desigualdade de renda e interação da Estratégia Saúde da Família e Bolsa Família
Authors: Popolin Marcela Paschoal , Garcia Maria Concebida da Cunha , Arroyo Luiz Henrique , Yamamura Mellina , Santos Neto Marcelino , Rodrigues Ludmila Barbosa Bandeira , Queiroz Ana Angélica Rêgo de , Fronteira Inês , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre
Published: October 2017

Propôs-se verificar como a incidência e mortalidade por tuberculose (TB) se comportam em áreas cobertas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família e Bolsa Família, com ou sem desigualdade de renda. Estudo ecológico dos 26 Estados federados e o Distrito Federal do Brasil. Foram empregadas análises univariadas, multivariadas e análises espaciais. Na análise univariada, calculou-se a medida de posição (mediana) e a medida de dispersão (amplitude) das variáveis. Na análise multivariada, identificou-se sete grupos através da análise de agrupamento pelo método hierárquico. A construção dos mapas temáticos demonstrou uma distribuição heterogênea entre os grupos, devido às características particulares. O estudo evidenciou a realidade epidemiológica da TB no Brasil e seu comportamento em áreas cobertas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família e Programa Bolsa Família. Não observou diferenças no que se refere à incidência e mortalidade quando satisfatória cobertura desses programas, o que evidencia a relação da doença a outros determinantes.
Developing Opportunities of the Indonesian Navy Civil Servants through Career Pattern as a World Class Bureaucrat (Evaluation of Development Career Patterns Policy of the Indonesian Navy Civil Servants as a Respond to the Change of Human Resource Management)
Authors: Maksum Acep , Efendy Hady
Published: October 2017

In this paper, a review of five published scientific journals was conducted and an evaluation of the career policy of the Indonesian naval civil servants based on the study of the journal. To be able to create The Indonesian Navy Civil Servant (Navy Civilian) career development system, need to design a pattern of career employees in accordance with the organization's mission, culture and conditions of supporting device of employment system which is still valid to the organization, according with the mandate of law number 5 year of 2014 concerning to the state civil apparatus. Developing career of navy civilian system essentially a systemic effort, which includes the structuresand processes planned that produce to meet employee competencies and organizational needs. The implementation in the organization of the Indonesian Navy for career development of civil servants is not equivalence with the governmental organization in general, stalled at a certain limit, deadlocked and stagnates.The career pattern should be structured and measured to provide personnel devotion trip in reaching the retirement age, then there should be a review for navy civilian career pattern development to improve the management pattern of his career due to state civil apparatus as a profession, should give priority to the principles of professionalism, competence, qualifications, performance, transparency, objectivity based on management of human resources towards the realization of the government bureaucracy that is professional and able to compete.
Vol 6 (1996): Supplement 3
Authors: - -
Published: October 2017

The 6th Norwegian Conference on Epidemiology (Svalbard, 30-31 May 1996)
Vol 7 (1997): Supplement 2
Authors: - -
Published: October 2017

The 7th Norwegian Conference on Epidemiology (Trondheim, 3-4 November 1997)
Efeito da prática de ioga na qualidade de vida de idosos
Authors: Massierer Fernanda Dias , Justo Juliana Ludwig , Toigo Adriana Marques
Published: October 2017

O envelhecimento é um fenômeno natural e fisiológico dos seres vivos, muitas vezes associado a pontos negativos, como degenerações, atrofias, limitações e dores. A ioga, muitas vezes, é usada como uma forma terapêutica que auxilia em recuperações e na manutenção da saúde e vem sendo uma boa ajuda para melhorar a qualidade de vida de idosos, minimizando os fatores negativos do envelhecimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se houve melhoras na qualidade de vida de idosos por meio da prática de ioga. Este estudo, caracterizado como descritivo-comparativo, foi composto por uma amostra final de 44 idosos entre 65 e 80 anos de idade, divididos em grupo experimental e grupo controle. Todos os idosos foram submetidos aos questionários Whoqol-old e Whoqol-bref para avaliação da qualidade de vida, e o grupo experimental foi submetido a aulas de ioga duas vezes por semana durante 10 semanas. Foram apresentadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas facetas Habilidades Sensoriais; Participação Social; Atividades Passadas, Presentes e Futuras; e Intimidade. Apesar de as outras facetas não apresentarem o mesmo resultado, houve um pequeno aumento nas variáveis analisadas.
Assessment of an educational intervention to improve nurses’ knowledge of blood pressure measurement
Authors: Machado Juliana P. , Veiga Eugenia V. , Ferreira Paulo A. C. , Martins Jose Carlos A. , Atila Elisabeth , Gimenes Fernanda R. E.
Published: October 2017

Background: Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement is a constant challenge, particularly in intensive care units. Thus, studies focusing on avoiding errors in practices of measuring BP are important to patient safety. The objective was to assess the effects of an educational intervention addressing BP measurement, targeting the theoretical and practical knowledge of nurses from a cardiac unit.Methods: This quasi-experimental, before-and-after, study was conducted in a large tertiary hospital in Brazil and included all nurses working in that unit (31 nurses, 86.1%). Data were collected through two types of assessments: practical and theoretical knowledge of the technique, before-and-after the educational intervention that involved simulation as a teaching strategy. A validated checklist was used for both assessments.Results: Most participants were female (64.5%), with an average age of 33.1 years old. Considerable improvement was observed in theoretical and practical knowledge concerning the steps used for BP measurement (p < .05). Considering the total sample, nurses complied with all steps of the BP measurement after educational intervention and the results were considered statistically significant (p < .05).Conclusions: The educational intervention improved the knowledge of nurses, which may contribute to safer healthcare delivery and error-free BP measurements.
Violence Risk Assessment in Forensic Nurses’ Clinical Practice: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Olsson Helén , Kristiansen Lisbeth
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: The legislation of Swedish forensic psychiatric care states that the risk of further violence must be assessed before a patient is granted release from a forensic psychiatric hospital. The aim of the study was to describe the experiences of forensic nurses with in-patient risk assessment processes, and their implication for daily clinical forensic praxis.METHOD: Semi-structured interviews with staff who were involved in the patients risk assessment process. The interview texts were analyzed using qualitative latent content analysis.DISCUSSION: The forensic nursing staff has to deal with many contradictory realities. The description was about being able to balance between supporting their work with an EBP approach of risk assessment while trying to establish interpersonal relationships and to allow for positive meetings with the patient. The study indicated that staff used a multiple sources of knowledge in order to make credible and accurate risk assessments.CONCLUSIONS: If the risk assessment process are to be used in a legally secure manner, the staff must receive regular support from team leadership that can provide both guidance and training. Based on a holistic approach, the link between the instinct of staff and their work with structured risk assessment must be founded on routines and solid platforms.
A Comparative Analysis on the Wealth Effect between in the Stock Market and in the Housing Market in China
Authors: Liu Lin , Shi Kai
Published: October 2017

In this article, a threshold cointegration test within the framework of Autoregressive Distributed Lag model suggested by Li and Lee (2010) was employed to quantify the wealth effects in Chinese stock market and domestic housing market. The time-varying features of wealth effects in these two markets were investigated through rolling regression test. The empirical results show that the substitute effect exists in the status of strong market while the wealth effect exists in the status of weak market. It is noteworthy that the wealth effect in the stock market shows an increasing trend while the wealth effect in the housing market reveals a stable trend. The policy implication is that the authority should properly strengthen the regulation in the stock market and curb the rise of housing price when the markets are in the strong status while should increase the disposable income for residents if the markets are in the weak status.
The Impact of Environmental Regulations, Corruption and Economic Freedom on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from China
Authors: Omar Al Baiti Najla Shariff , Naghavi Navaz , Yin Fah Benjamin
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of environmental regulations, corruption and economic freedom on economic growth in China. Different indices were used as measurements of the variables; Environmental Policy Stringency Index, Control of Corruption Index and Economic Freedom of the World Index. The study uses quantitative methods to empirically determine which factors play a role in China’s progressive economic growth rates. Unit root test, Johansen cointegration and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) modelling were applied to examine the short and long run correlations. Results indicated that there is in fact a correlation between environmental regulations, corruption, economic freedom and economic growth. Long run coefficients demonstrated that environmental regulations had a negative impact on economic growth, while corruption and economic freedom displayed positive results. However, short run coefficients showed that environmental regulation is insignificant in the short run, corruption maintains a positive impact and economic freedom negatively effects economic growth in the short run.