bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil Improvement of Pinus yunnanensis Forest at Different Age in Central Yunnan Plateau
Authors: Wu Jin Xia , Wang Yan Xia , Chen Qi Bo , Tong Zhi Long
Published: December 2013

Took the Pinus yunnanensis forest as the research object, and took planted forest for control, carried on a research in soil physicochemical properties of different forest ages of Pinus yunnanensis. The results show that: For secondary forests at different ages, (1) middle-aged forest has the smallest soil bulk density and largest soil natural water content. Compared with the same age planted forest, secondary forest has smaller soil bulk density and larger soil natural water content.(2) Middle-aged forest has the smallest soil pH value, and the tallest total nitrogen content and soil organic matter in the 0-20cm soil layer. Compared with the same age planted forest, secondary forest has smaller pH value. While its soil organic matter and total nitrogen content are more than planted forest significantly.(3)There is an extremely significant negative correlation among pH value, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content; while an extremely significant positive correlation between soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content.
Temporal and Spatial Dynamic Analysis of Hemeroby of Ximen Island in Yueqing Bay
Authors: Xie Xue Feng , Xiao Cui , Jiang Guo Jun , Wu Tao , Xu Wei
Published: December 2013

This paper use 2007 and 2010 SPOT-5 images as a data source, combined with RS and GIS technology, introduced the concept of hemeroby, developed a suitable landscape classification system in Ximen Island, systematically evaluated the dynamic changes of hemeroby of Ximen Island marine Protected Areas. The results indicated that from 2007 to 2010, the ecological environment of Ximen Island has gradually improved. Completely disturbed landscape type decreased sharply in total area, while undisturbed types were increased a lot. From the perspective of total characteristics of the spatial distribution of hemeroby index, the residential , traffic land and landscape surrounding anthropogenic interference with the highest index.
Agricultural Structure Adjustment and Ecosystem Restoration Planning at the Village Level to Combat Desertification: A Pilot Study in the Minqin Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Ma Jin Zhu , Pan Yan Hui , Gu Chen Jie , Shu He Ping , Edmunds W. Mike , Li Ding
Published: December 2013

A village-scale approach was developed to break the cycle between desertification and poverty by providing sustainable employment and income, promoting environmental restoration by reducing water consumption, and integrating poverty amelioration with environmental restoration to ensure that solving one problem does not create new ones. The advantages of high-efficiency water-saving planting, a profitable livestock system, a sand-processing industry, and sand control and afforestation are integrated into what we call the Zhengxin pattern, which offers overall ecological and environmental benefits superior to those of competing approaches. The overall output efficiency of the Minqin basin water resources will increase threefold.
Study on the Elasto-Plastic Constitutive Model of Geotechnical Materials of Typical Landslide of Levee Slope in Nanning
Authors: Ma Rong Yong , Dai Si Qi , Song Li
Published: December 2013

To study the shear dilatancy of geotechnical material of typical landslide of levee slope, the article established the geotechnical elasto-plastic constitutive model base on the generalized plastic mechanics theory, through theoretical analysis and mathematical deduction. Then, through arranging and quoting geotechnical material mechanics experiment datas of typical landslide of levee slope in Nanning, the article drawed all kinds of stress-strain curves of constitutive model. By comparing the test curve and theoretical curve, the article verifies the rationality of the model.
Microbial Dynamic Changes under Different Grazing Intensities in Growing Seasons of Desert Steppe
Authors: He Jing , Yang Ting Ting , Shi Tao , Yao Guo Zheng
Published: December 2013

Soil microbial plays a very important role in the grassland ecosystems, but measured data is very lack. In this paper, based on the ground survey data microbial dynamic changes in growing seasons of Desert steppe in 2012 was estimated. The main conclusions are as follows: soil bacteria number began to increase in May, reached to highest value in July and then began to decrease. Actinomycetes population increased first and then decreased. Fungus amount decreased in beginning and then increased. Grazing significantly affect the number of soil microbial, shown as soil microbial of very severe grazing fences are significantly lower than other fences.
China Southern Rural Ecological Landscape Planning and Design Practice Research - Take Stone Vicious Village in Guishan Macheng Hubei as an Example
Authors: Gong Bin , Cheng Sheng Gao
Published: December 2013

This thesis summarizes the main problems of the developing countryside in southern China. The rural infrastructure backwardness causes its overall look backward, losing its local cultural characteristics. It uses landscape planning to realize the optimization of basic rural construction and the beauty of the environment. It focuses on developing the core landscape -- village cultural square and village ecological corridor, using square and corridor segmentation and reasonable layout of village land to optimize the rural landscape.
Reasonability Evaluation of Land Reclamation Using the Improved TOPSIS Method: A Case Study of Four Farms in Guangxi, South China
Authors: Hu Bao Qing , Wei Jun Min , Hu Gang
Published: December 2013

Taking Guangxi agriculture and cultivation state-owned Jinguang Farm, Qianjiang Farm, Xinxing Farm and Liangqi Farm as land reclamation cases studies, 16 evaluation indices were selected from four aspects, i.e., investment in land reclamation project, implementation intensity of land reclamation, land use structure, and efficiency output of land reclamation, to evaluate the reasonability of land reclamation in the project area. The improved TOPSIS method and obstacle degree model were used to evaluate reasonability and diagnose obstacle factors. Results showed that the efficiency output of land reclamation had the greatest impact on its reasonability, followed by land use structure, with investment of land reclamation project having the least impact. The index obstacle factors mainly referred to the improved value of land quality. Through analysis of the evaluation results, the reasonability and obstacle factors of land reclamation were objectively determined to provide a reference for land reclamation in practice.
Dynamic Change of Land Use in the Southern Loess Plateau
Authors: Guo Bin
Published: December 2013

In order to reveal the characteristics of land use change in the south loess plateau, this paper tentatively divided Loess Plateau into North and South under the support of GIS, and then introduced land use spatial temporal dynamic model, analyzed land use dynamic change in provincial scale. The results showed: during the 25 years, construction land area increased from 3555.99 km2 to 4794.28 km2, unused land decreased by 0.02 percentage points, forest land area increased from 51011.31 km2 to 51066.79 km2, waters increased of 0.01 percentage points, farmland area decreased to 98561.57 km2 from100004.79 km2, grassland area increased by 0.08 percentage points. Land use change important values in province scale on each were not identical, showed obvious regional differences.Introduction.
Study on Identification Method of Chemical Reaction Kinetic Parameters in Heavy Duty Diesel's SCR Catalytic Converter
Authors: Gao Ying , Chen Wei , Li Jun , Liu Hong Qi , Huo Zhen
Published: December 2013

Chemical reaction kinetic parameters are key factors to influence the NOx conversion in heavy duty diesel's SCR catalytic converter. Therefore the identification method of SCR chemical reaction kinetic parameters is studied in this paper. Based on the software AVL BOOST , SCR catalytic reaction model and its transient rate equations are established according to Eley-rideal mechanism. The identification method of kinetic parameters is studied applying AVL Design Explorer. The simulation model shows good agreement with experiment after identification. The result shows that the identification method is reasonable and feasible to ensure the reliability of catalytic converter model.
The Direction of Grassland Use and Ecological Environment Analysis
Authors: Ma Xiu Feng , Wang Tao , Wu Li Jun
Published: December 2013

This paper researched the soil and vegetation conditions of BaShang grassland in HeBei province in china by adopting the method of field investigation and data collection .In the topography ,parent material, such as variable section, set the soil profile. Studied of the changes of soil texture and structure of space. Using plant community of minimum area survey method and plant community structure of time and space, ecological gradient survey method, and through the quadrat , collect data. Studied the relationship between plant community structure spacetime and the ecological gradient. Try to find the corresponding land use patterns and understand the BaShang grassland ecological environment change mechanism.
Study on Path Selection of Emergency Rescue Based on GIS
Authors: Sun Hai Long , Yue Li Yan , Yao Sheng Yong
Published: December 2013

In the process of urban disaster emergency rescue, vehicle route optimization has become a key problem of city emergency rescue. In order to improve the emergency rescue responsiveness, a dynamic vehicle routing optimization model is established, which takes dynamic transportation network as the research object and travel time as the goal. At the same time, an improved ant algorithm is used to solve the model, which achieves the desired objectives.
Research of Image Change Detection Method Based on Spatial Autocorrelation Statistics
Authors: Xu Bing , Li Zhen De
Published: December 2013

It is difficult for the existing image change detection algorithms to achieve fast change detection, due to their complexities and large calculated quantities. It applied the spatial autocorrelation statistics method in the image change detection, and identified potential changes in the image area by comparing the spatial autocorrelation coefficients of images acquired at different times. With this method utilized in the change detection of the coral reef ecosystem, it detected the changes of two scene TM images. The results have validated the simplicity and accuracy of this method.
A Node Design for Wireless Multi-Mode Sensor
Authors: Li Jian , Li Chuan Kun , Li Kun , Wang Cheng , Yue Rui
Published: December 2013

To solve the problem that the present geological monitoring system's large size and high power consumption, this paper designed a miniaturized and high integrated geological monitoring sensor node. The node uses acceleration sensors and temperature-humidity sensors to detect the environmental parameter, and use GPRS module to construct wireless transmission system, which greatly improves transmission distance and reduces the difficulty of the networking, and uses MSP430F5 series micro-controller to control the node. After experiments and testings, the multi-mode wireless sensor nodes introduced in this paper, can effectively measure the information of of the earth's surfaces, such as the humidity, tilt angle and displacement, and so on . It will have a certain engineering value in geological monitoring areas.
Study on Identification of Thunderstorm Gale Based on Fuzzy-Logical Principle and Radar Mosaic Data
Authors: Zhou Ning , Liang Yun , Li Guo Cui , Liu Li Ping
Published: December 2013

Based on Radar mosaic 3D data, automatic weather stations and disaster wind data, twenty cases of thunderstorm gale from 2008 to 2012 in North China are analyzed to develop a automated detection of thunderstorm gale with fuzzy logical based algorithm. The capability of the algorithm was examined.
The Application of GIS in Analysis of Gross Agricultural Production: A Case Study of Hainan Island, China
Authors: Cao Zhen Mu , Liu Zi Ji , Wang Deng Feng
Published: December 2013

To explore the distribution of gross agricultural production (GPA) is significant to the sustainable development of tropical agricultural growth. Taking Hainan Island as the study area, the spatial distribution and influence factors of GPA were elucidated by applying the GIS spatial analysis tools and factor analysis. The results showed that the distribution of Hainan GAP was uneven. The uneven distribution of GAP in counties was mainly caused by the variation of agricultural structure. The GPA was mainly determined by SAV, NEPA, and SAG. The distribution characters of Factor 1 was similar with the distribution of GAP in study area, and some agricultural planning can be made to improve the GAP of middle Hainan area, ie, increasing the sown area of vegetables and labor force input.
The Changes of Heavy Metals Solubility with Time under Different Chelants in Contaminated Soil
Authors: Li Rui , Zhao Zhong Qiu , Liu Xiao Na
Published: December 2013

Heavy metals contamination of soil is a widespread global problem. Chelants assisted phytoextraction has been proposed to improve the efficiency of phytoextraction. To study the effects of different chelants on the solubility of heavy metals with time, a batch of soil incubation experiment was conducted. EDTA, EDDS, AES and IDSA of 5 mmol·kg-1 were singly added to the contaminated soil with no chelants addition as control. After 7 days of incubation, the concentrations of water-soluble Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd increased significantly compared to the control. Pb was increased by 158.6, 3.9, 42.2 and 5.3 times respectively, Cu was increased by 45.0, 162.0, 40.0 and 53.6 times respectively, Zn was increased by 6.2, 5.6, 9.4 and 1.5 times respectively, and Cd was increased by 33.5, 3.3, 126.5 and 38.0 times respectively. The results showed that EDDS was more effective for Cu desorption, EDTA was more effective for Pb desorption, and AES was more effective for Zn and Cd desorption, IDSA was more effective for Cd desorption, which was our interesting findings. With the time increasing, the soluble metals with EDTA treatment was increased or not changed, while the water-soluble metals with EDDS, AES and IDSA treatments were decreased significantly. The underlying reason for the results may be the different chemical characteristics of the chelants. EDTA, a persistent chelant, can’t be degraded in the environment, while EDDS, AES and IDSA are biodegradable chelants which were degraded with time increasing and the metals were absorbed to the bulk soil again, resulting in water-soluble metals reduced.
Genotoxicity of 1-1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ionic Liquids on Pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis) Using ISSR Markers
Authors: Zeng Kun , Xue Yong Lai , Hong Xia , Ma Fang , Han Chang Ri , Du Dao Lin
Published: December 2013

Ionic liquids (ILs) are one class of important industrial chemicals that may replace conventional organic solvents. Due to the solubility, the toxicity study of ILs focused on aquatic mediums. However, there is seldom research for the the toxicity on terrestrial organism. In this paper, we studied the toxicity of three imidazolium ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([Bmim][CL]), 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]), and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium trifluoroacetate ([Bmim][CF3COOH]) on seed germination and seedling growth of pakchoi. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker technique was applied to detect DNA damage induced by imidazolium ILs. The results showed that all of three ILs could inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of pakchoi significantly at higher concentration (≥16 mM/L). At same concentration (1 mM/L and 4 mM/L), the genotoxicity of three ILs was following the trends: [Bmim][BF4]> [Bmim][CF3COOH]> [Bmim][CL]. It was concluded that ISSR assay offered a useful way to detect toxicity of ILs contamination on plant at low concentration even without transformation of physiological feature, such as germination and growth parameters and so on.
Utilizing UV Mutagenesis to Breeding Strains with High Ability of Oil Shale Degradation
Authors: Luan Luan , Jiang Shao Yan , Xue Xiang Xin , Hou Xiao Jiao
Published: December 2013

For the screening of degrading oil shale strains, oil shale bacteria collected from Fushun Western Open were diluted moderately, then mutated with UV mutagenesis techniques, and tested the degradation. For bacteria when the mutagenic time was 1920 seconds, the death rate was 97.92%, while the degradation rate is always at 0.66% or so. For fungi, when the mutagenic time was 1920 seconds, the death rate was 93.75%, while degradability and mutagenesis time showed a certain degree of correlation. The highest degradation rate was 1.24%, when the mutagenesis time was 240s. There were three culturable fungi strains isolated from the microbial, called CPC ZYK2, ZYK4 and ZYK7. By PCR amplification of rDNA ITS area and compareing the database, the homology of the dominant strain ZYK7 and Fusarium oxysporum (JF807394) of Genbank was 100%.
Partitioning Behavior of Penicillin G in Aqueous Two Phase System Based on Ionic Liquids
Authors: Jiang Bin , Feng Zhi Biao , Liu Chun Hong , Xu Ying Cao , Li Dong Mei , Ji Guo
Published: December 2013

An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was presented with hydrophilic ionic liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimid-azolium tetrafluoroborate ([BmiBF4) and salts for the extraction of penicillin G in this paper. The phase forming abilities of different salts were investigated to choose a suitable salt.The partitioning behavior of penicillin G in the ATPS was investigated.Concentrations of (NH4)2SO4, penicillin G, and [BmiBF4 were evaluated to determine their effects on the extraction yield of penicillin G. It was found that extraction yield strongly depended on the concentration of [BmiBF4, penicillin and (NH4)2SO4. A high extraction yield around 93% was achieved with the following parameters: (NH4)2SO4 20% (wt%), penicillin 40000 ~ 45000 U/mL, [BmiBF4 20% (wt%).
Extraction and Determination of Triclocarban in Aquatic Plants by Homogenate Extraction Combined with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Miao Hong Hao , Wang Xi Kui , Guo Wei Lin
Published: December 2013

A specific, sensitive, and reliable analytical method involving homogenate extraction, solid phase extraction (SPE), and detection by high-performance liquid phase chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was developed in this study for the determination of triclocarban (TCC) in aquatic plants. Key factors that could affect the extraction, including the extraction solvent and its volume, the length of time of homogenate extraction, were examined and optimised. Under optimum conditions, the linearity of the method ranged from 0.2 ng/g to 200 ng/g, with correlation coefficients (r2) >0.999. The limit of detection was 0.05 ng/g, based on the ratio of the chromatographic signal to baseline noise (S/N = 3). Spiked recoveries of TCC in real aquatic plant samples ranged from 91.8% to 106.1%. The proposed method was successfully applied to analyse TCC in aquatic plant samples collected from a natural water environment.
Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 over a Ce-Zr-Ti Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Jiang Ye , Yan Yan , Huang Shan Bo , Zhang Xiu Xia , Wang Xin Wei , Song Wen Xia
Published: December 2013

A Ce-Zr-Ti composite oxide catalyst was prepared by the sol-gel method and its NH3-SCR activities were investigated. The Ce-Zr-Ti oxide catalyst exhibited high activity and 92.7-98.8% NO conversion was obtained in the temperature range 250-450 °C at the high gas hourly space velocity of 50,000 h-1. In comparison with Ce-Ti oxide catalyst, the Ce-Zr-Ti oxide catalyst showed strong resistance to H2O and SO2. The excellent performance of the Ce-Zr-Ti oxide catalyst might be attributed to the large surface area and strong interaction among the three elements of Ce, Zr and Ti.
Cost Control of 600 MW Coal-Fired Units Denitration Based on LCA
Authors: Wang Wen Huan , Pan Wei Guo , Hu Guo Xin
Published: December 2013

Life cycle analysis combined with technical economic evaluation method in the paper to control the cost of denitration. A simple model for denitration cost is developed. The influence of different flue gas concentration of NOx to the cost of unit denitration is analysed by life cycle analysis, includes construction, operation and decommissioning, which based on 600 MW coal-fired units. Preliminary calculations reveal that comparing with directly using the denitration technology of selective catalytic reduction (SCR), after using Air staged Low NOx Combustion Technology reduced NOx below 400mg/m3, using SCR denitration further decreased the concentration of NOx in flue gas to 100mg/m3 can save more than 44% of the general denitration cost. This can improve effectively the environmental protection and economy of the coal-fired unit.
A Composite Photocatalyst Ag3po4/AlPO4-5 with High Photocatalytic Activites for Rhodamine B Degradation
Authors: Niu Fu Tao , Yao Wei Feng , Wang Pei Fu
Published: December 2013

A facile and reproducible method for the synthesis of Ag3PO4/AlPO4-5 photocatalyst has been developed to improve the photocatalytic activity of Ag3PO4. The innovation of this method is to in situ deposit Ag3PO4 nanoparticles onto the AlPO4-5 surface forming a composite photocatalyst. The improved activity of the Ag3PO4/AlPO4-5 composite photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation is attributed to the increased surface area and the enhanced absorption of RhB.
Nitrate Reduction by an Isolated Strain of Fe(II)-Dependent Autotrophic Denitrification Bacteria
Authors: Wang Hong Yu , Chen Dan , Lv Bin
Published: December 2013

A strain of Fe(II)-dependent autotrophic denitrification bacteria, named W1, was isolated from the sediment of the East Lake in Wuhan and was identified as Pseudomonas sp.. The denitrification performance of W1 under different conditions was investigated in this study. The results indicated that the optimal condition for W1 to remove nitrate was: NO3--N 50 mg·L-1, Fe2+ 500 mg·L-1, and pH 6.8-7.0. After one week’s cultivation under optimal condition, denitrification efficiency of W1 could reach 87.54%. During the process of cultivation, the nitrite concentration was always no more than 0.33 mg·L-1 and there was no ammonia production. It seems that the nitrate was almost converted into N2.
Performance Evaluation of Three Scale and Corrosion Inhibitors in Simulated Cooling Water in a Power Plant
Authors: Wang Xue Juan , Ge Hong Hua , Lin Wei Wei , Zhang Min
Published: December 2013

Performance evaluation of three scale and corrosion inhibitors in simulated cooling water according to generating set in a power plant was presented in this paper. The scale and corrosion inhibition performance of the inhibitors were conducted by the methods of the static scale inhibition and rotary coupon tests respectively. The results indicated that 316L stainless steel has low uniform corrosion rate ranging from 0.0042 to 0.0048 mm/a in the simulated cooling water both with and without inhibitors. The drops of hardness in water with No.1 and No.3 inhibitors were slight, and these two inhibitors were of good scale inhibition while No.2 was poor. Keywords: simulated cooling water; scale inhibition; corrosion inhibition; performance evaluation; 316L stainless steel.
Study on Fiber Fineness of Smooth Cayenne Pineapple Leaf
Authors: Zhuang Zhi Kai , Li Ming Fu , He Jun Yan , Zhang Jin
Published: December 2013

To determine the the fiber fineness in different parts of the old and young leaves. the pineapple leaf fiber of smooth cayenne was used as raw material, The results showed that, the length of fiber extracted from the old leaves of smooth cayenne pineapple ranged from 80 cm to 100 cm, and the average fiber fineness of the the tip and root were 14.40 dtex and 18.53 dtex, respectively. While the length of fiber extracted from the young leaves of smooth cayenne pineapple ranged from 50 cm to 70 cm, and the average fiber fineness of the the tip and root were 13.27 dtex and 14.77 dtex, respectively. Variance analysis reveals that the fiber fineness of root and tip in the old pineapple leaf showed significant difference (P<0.05) in smooth cayenne pineapple.
Influence of Membrane Structure and Chemical Characteristics on Separation and Fouling of Nanofiltration Membranes
Authors: Zhang Li Qing , Zhang Gang
Published: December 2013

Nanofiltration membranes act an important role in the advanced water treatment as well as waste water reclamation and other industrial separations. Therefore, an understanding of the factors affecting NF separation and membrane fouling in high-pressure membrane systems is needed. Recent studies have shown that membrane surface morphology and structure as well as surface chemical characteristics influence permeability, rejection, and fouling behavior of nanofiltration (NF) membranes. A comprehensive literature review is reported, targeting the physical-chemical characteristics of NF membrane affecting separation and fouling, including pore size, porosity, surface morphology (measured as roughness), surface charge, and hydrophobicity/ hydrophilicity.
Study on the Factors and Degradation of Cellulose Degradation Bacteria
Authors: Liu Song
Published: December 2013

This study obtained 12 microbial degradation of cellulose from perennial accumulation of cellulose waste soil, through Congo red staining, isolated high efficient bacteria N4 degradation of cellulose. The N4 strain degradation single factor experiment showed that: carbon concentration, incubation temperature and initial pH value influence on the degradation of filter paper. Through the orthogonal experimental study obtained: when the concentration of filter paper is 0.5%, culture temperature is 30 °C, initial pH is 8, N4 strain filter paper degradation rate reached optimal, filter paper weight loss rate of 68.92%.
Evaluation of the Parameters of Orange Peel for the Adsorption of Furadan
Authors: Xu Guang Fu , Liu Yi Yun , Guo Rui Xin
Published: December 2013

In this study, orange peel was utilized as low-cost adsorbent to remove furadan from aqueous solution by adsorption. All the experiments were conducted at 30 °C to investigate the effects adsorbent dose, pH value and ionic strength on furadan adsorption and the optimal experimental conditions were ascertained. The percentage removal (%) increased with an increase in the initial adsorbent dose, whereas the value of qe (mg.g-1) decreased with an increase in the initial adsorbent dose .The curve of qe and removal percentage can be divided into two stages (first stage: adsorbent dose between 0.05 and 0.20 g; second stage: adsorbent dose between 0.25 and 0.35 g). The value of qe (mg.g-1) for OP increased as the pH increase, and reached the maximum at pH 7.81, then decreased as the pH continue increasing. The initial pH value of furadan solution should be controlled between 7.50 and 8.00. In addition, the value of qe decreased sharp as the initial Na+ concentration was increased from 0 to 2.5 ×10-3 mol.L-1, then, the value of qe was not significantly altered beyond the initial Na+ concentration 2.5×10-3 mol.L-1. Therefore in order to enhance adsorption efficiency of furadan by OP, the subsequent experiments were carried out in the low ionic strength of furadan solution.
The Distribution of Microphytoplankton and Heavy Metal Content of Xiangshan Bay in Spring
Authors: Zhu Gen Hai , Feng Wei Hua , Jin Mao , Chen Li Hong
Published: December 2013

The abundance of microphytoplankton and distribution of soluble heavy metal content of Xiangshan Bay were investigated in 2012. And the results showed that the abundance of microphytoplankton was 22×104~502×104 cells/m3 and the average cell abundance was 117×104 cells/m3. The dominant species of microplankton were Coscinodiscus jonesianus. The abundance of microplankton cells reduced from middle port to the mouth of the port. The concentrations of Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and total Cr of surface seawater in the whole areas studied were satisfied the class I water standard. Due to human activities, the concentrations of some areas in the bottom and middle of the port were relatively high and approximately satisfied class II water standard. The concentrations reduced from bottom to the mouth, however, most sea areas were still satisfied class I water standard
Effect of Habitat Types on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils in Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand
Authors: Charoonphong Wanichaya , Thanee Nathawut
Published: December 2013

Certain ecological factors were investigated for three plant forest habitat types; dry evergreen (DEF), dry dipterocarp (DDF) and ecotone (ECO) at the Sakaerat Environmental Research Station (SERS). The effects of seven habitat types on the physical and chemical properties of soils were investigated. Samples were collected monthly from June 2007 to July 2008. Values for bulk density, porosity, soil pH, soil temperature, total nitrogen and organic matter showed significant differences (p<0.05) between habitat types. The ecotone soil had the highest bulk density and the dry evergreen forest soil the highest soil porosity, while soils from both habitat types were found to be acidic. The dry evergreen forest also had the highest concentrations of organic matter and total nitrogen content, but the lowest concentrations of phosphorus and potassium.
Cinchona Alkaloid-Silyl Ether Derivatives as Organocatalysts for Asymmetric “Interrupted” Feist-Bénary Reaction
Authors: Jin Ying , Chang Sheng , Zhang Tian Yi , Feng Bo
Published: December 2013

Four cinchona alkaloid-silyl ether derivatives have been used to catalyze the asymmetric “interrupted” Feist-Bénary reaction of ethyl bromopyruvate/substituted bromo-ketoesters and 1,3-Cyclohexadione. The corresponding hydroxydihydrofurans have been obtained in excellent yields (85-96%) with high enantiomeric excess (ee) values of up to 90%.
Northeast Chinese Herbs against Pulmonary Fibrosis Screening Experiment
Authors: Shen Nan , Li Zhi Wei , An Ying , Chen Xue , Xu Bo , Zhao Li Jing , Lei Jun Tao
Published: December 2013

Objective:To screen the Chinese herbal medicine with anti-pulmonary fibrosis, to provide reference for further study on anti-drug pulmonary fibrosis. Methods By complement lysis test, oleinic acid model of rats and paraquat model of mice were made as pulmonary fibrosis animal model to screen the medicine activity. Results in vitro, Cangzhu and Tinglizi had great significance in inhibition of RBC hemolysis; in vivo, compared with Control group, Hyp content of lung tissues in animal model groups had statistical significance; compared with model group, Hyp content of therapy groups had statistical significance, pathological lesion was reduced. Conclusion Extracts of Cangzhu and Tinglizi has certain resistance to pulmonary fibrosis activity.
Research on Serum Spectrum Analysis Model Applied to Pathema Identification
Authors: Li Yan Kun , Yang Shuo
Published: December 2013

The SELDI-TOF MS serum peptide profiles of normal and malignant tumor samples were studied by pattern recognition method. In this study, Partial Least Squares-Discriminate Analysis (PLS-DA) combined with consensus classification model was constructed to predict practical serum samples and compared with the results of principal component analysis (PCA) method. The correctness of consensus PLS-DA classification model for normal and malignant samples was 90% and 84% respectively. So the approach proposed was proved to be a reliable and practicable method for cancer identification.
Gradient Elution Separation of Main Ingredients from Polygoni Multiflori Extract by HPLC
Authors: Wang Tao
Published: December 2013

In this experiment, the main compounds of stilbene glucoside and anthraquinones from polygonum multiflorum extract were separated by HPLC gradient elution. SinoChrom ODS-BP C18 is selected as chromatographic column. The optimal experimental conditions under 254nm wavelength UV detector include the column temperature: 26°C, mobile phase: methanol/water, and flow rate: 1.0ml/mol. The gradient method can be optimized by changing the steepness and shape of gradient elution. Through optimizing gradient method, the separation efficiency is improved within a certain range of gradient elution strength. This article provides important reference for quality control and content determination of fleece-flower root.
Extraction of Polyphenols from Porphyra and Scavenging Activity of Oxygen Free Radicals
Authors: Li Ying Chang , Zhang Xiao , Li Jian Rong
Published: December 2013

Polyphenols from Porphyra are important biological active substances. The effects of temperature, times, ethanol concentration and liquid to solid ratio were studied for the extraction yield of polyphenols from Porphyra through a single-factor exploration.Then, through an orthogonal experiment, it was investigated to get the best extraction conditions. The content of polyphenols was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Scavenging ability to oxygen free radicals was also assessed. The results show that extraction temperature is 75°C, the extraction time is 2.5 h, ethanol concentration is 70% and the ratio of liquid to solid is 25:1(mL/g).The proportion of the extraction of the polyphenols from Porphyra under these industrial process conditions is 6.263mg/g. Polyphenols from Porphyra have strong scavenging hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical. IC50 of polyphenols from Porphyra on hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical is 0.405 mg/mL, 0.539mg/mL, respectively.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Radix astragali
Authors: Wu Ming , Ma Chuan Fu , Kan Jun Man , Guo Li Quan
Published: December 2013

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method was used to polysaccharides from Radix Astragali (RAP), and the orthogonal test was applied to optimize extraction conditions. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of RAP were evaluated by DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities assay. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for RAP extraction as followings: solid/liquid ratios of 1:20, extraction time of 10 min, ultrasonic power of 65 W and extraction temperature of 60°C. Meanwhile, RAP had relatively higher scavenging activities on DPPH and superoxide anion radicals.
Bioactivities and Moisture Absorption of Germinated Wheat during Storage
Authors: Wang Xiao Xiao , Li Cui Xiang , Hu Yuan Sen
Published: December 2013

Two germinated wheat varieties,Zhengmai 366andAikang 58, were stored under relative humidity of 70% and temperatures of 25°C and 30°C, respectively. The successive change of moisture content, germination rate, respiration and microbial activity was determined to assess the storage safety of germinated wheat during moisture absorption. Results showed that the germinated wheat absorbed moisture to the equilibrium level within 5d in the early stored period. The equilibrium moisture at 25°C was higher than at 30°C. The budded wheat exhibited higher germination rate, however, the percentage decreased distinctly as the stored period extended. The microbial activities enhanced greatly in the course of moisture absorption, when moisture equilibrium, the microbial activities dropped continuously as the stored period prolonged. Under the tested temperature, the respiration intensity of germinated wheat with 12% moisture content was weaker, whereas the wheat with 14.5% moisture content represented greater respiration than the former, and the respiration at 30°Cwas observed higher than at 25°C.
Effect of Pretreatment on the Structure and Properties of Sisal Cellulose
Authors: Liu Huan , Wang Fei , Li Ji Hua , Wei Xiao Yi , Li Te , Cui Li Hong , Wang Qing Huang
Published: December 2013

The goal of this article was to develop an optimum process to extract cellulose from sisal fiber and study the influence of pretreatment on the structure and property of sisal fiber. The sisal fiber was treated with 3% HNO3 solution at 120°C for 3h, then treated with 3% sodium hydroxyl solution at 110 °C for 2h which was the optimum refining condition. The percentage of cellulose reached 97.23% after pretreatment by chemical analysis. The morphology analysis and FTIR analysis proved that hemicellulose and lignin were removed from sisal fiber. The result of XRD indicated that the crystallinity of pretreated fiber declined. The pretreated fiber presented higher thermal stability by TGA.
The Influence of Various pH Values on Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 Growth and Lipid Parameters in Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Conditions
Authors: Gao Yu Qiang , Zhang Qiu Yan , Huang Li , Wang Lin , Yu Xu Ya
Published: December 2013

The influence of pH onMonoraphidiumsp. FXY-10 growth, lipid content, lipid yield, biomass yield, and fatty acid composition is studied in autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. The results reveal thatMonoraphidiumsp. FXY-10 can grow better in an acidic environment. Under autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, the culture time is 37 and 9 day, respectively. And the maximum biomass of algal cells is 32 and 367mg/l/d with the lipid content in autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions reached to 49% and 39%, respectively, with high biomass yield, lipid yield, the saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid under heterotrophic condition, proving that the algal cells are a viable material for the production of biodiesel.
Optical Property Studies of CdO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Solid-State Reaction
Authors: Guo Hong Ju , Wang Chun Fang , Liu Jin Song
Published: December 2013

CdO nanoparticles with different sizes were synthesized by a simple thermal decomposition reaction of the precursor CdCO3, which was synthesized by room-temperature grinding reaction between Cd(CH3COO)2•2H2O and Na2CO3. Composition, structure and morphology of the products were analyzed and characterized by XRD, TG and FTIR spectra. Formation of CdO nanoparticles was thought that nucleation rate of the reactive system was far excess growth rate of particle. Optical properties of the products were recorded, and the UV-vis spectra exhibited the distinct blue shift in comparison with them of the bulk CdO, which was because that the quantum confinement effect of the products could be larger than the Coulomb effect. PL spectra of the products showed the emission bands around 520 and 720 nm respectively, which attributed to the quantum size effect and structural defects in the crystals.
Сomposition on the Basis of Fluorineanhydrite and Expanded Polystyrene for the Thermal Protection
Authors: Buryanov Aleksandr , Yakovlev Grigory I. , Pervushin Grigory , Maeva Irina , Vyacheslav Semenov
Published: December 2013

The technogenic fluorineanhydrite is a waste product from the production of fluoric acid. It can have binding properties after its activation by some known chemical compounds, and so it may be used as a binder for the production of construction materials, in particular, the polystyrene concrete. The article considers the fluorineanhydrite composition as well as the polystyrene concrete produced on its basis with a surface-active additive and staple basalt fibre. The results of micro-structural and chemical analyses of developed composite are given. The polystyrene concrete (D 700 density class) has been developed with the ultimate compression strength value of 1.8 MPa and the water-resistance coefficient value of 0.68.
The Influence of the Degree of Crystallinity on the Elasticity Modulus of Polymers
Authors: Askadskii Andrey , Popova Marina , Matseevich Tatyana , Afanasyev Egor
Published: December 2013

The influence of the degree of crystallinity of polymers on their elasticity modulus has been analyzed. Consideration was made of the situation when the amorphous parts of the polymers were in the rubbery state. A semi-crystalline polymer was considered in the form of a polymeric network in which the crystallites played the role of physical cross-links. Generalized equation of the rubber elasticity was applied to the analysis; this equation contained the Van-der-Waals volume of the cross-links and also the volume of a repeat unit of linear fragments. It was found that reduction of the crystallites size down to nanosize essentially increased the elasticity modulus at their fixed concentration.
Adsorption Properties of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B, Reactive Light Yellow K-6G and Reactive Brilliant Blue X-BR on Ethylenediamine-Modified Magnetic Chitosan Microspheres
Authors: Hu Si Qian , Chen Yu Hong , Xie Ke , Qi Xing , Zhu Tian Rong
Published: December 2013

Ethylenediamine-modified magnetic chitosan microspheres (EMCS) were prepared and used for the adsorption of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B (RBR), Reactive Light Yellow K-6G (RLY) and Reactive Brilliant Blue X-BR (RBB). The EMCS has good adsorption performance for RBR and RLY. When the pH was 5.3 and 5.8 at 298K, initial concentration was 200mg/L, the adsorption capacity for RBR and RLY reached 98% and the maximum adsorption quantity achieve 198.99 and 122.2mg/g respective. The adsorption capacity of RBB on EMCS was unideal (<10%). The adsorption isotherm of RBR was fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich equation, and the adsorption isotherm of RLY turned out to be more agree with Langmuir equation. The adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both RBR and RLY.
Composting Study of Petroleum Contaminated Soil
Authors: Song Xue Ying , Liang Ru Jing , Li Yu Shuang , Li Xin Xin , Hu Xiao Jun
Published: December 2013

Composting has been shown to be an effective bioremediation technique for the treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. In this research, the major objective of this research was to find the appropriate mix ratio of organic amendments for enhancing the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons during diesel oil contaminated soil composting. The spent mushroom was added as an amendment for supplementing organic matter for composting of contaminated soil. The volumn ratios of contaminated soil to organic amendments were 1:1, 1.5:1 and 2:1. Target contaminant of this research was diesel oil, which was spiked at 16240 mg/kg sample on a dry weight basis. The degradation of diesel oil was significantly enhanced by the addition of these organic amendments relative to straight soil control. Degradation rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were the greatest at the ratio of 1:1 of contaminated soil to organic amendments on the volumn ratio. The abiotic loss of TPH was only about 6.83% of initial TPH.
The Factors which Influence on the Physical Phase of Phosphate Compounds Belonging to NZP Family
Authors: Huang Yun Hua , Zheng Peng , Zhu Lin Hua
Published: December 2013

A new type of phosphate compound with different chemical composition but the same framework belonging to NaZr2(PO4)3(NZP) family were synthesized by chelating sol-gel route. The factor that influence on the physical phase was investigated in this paper. The physical phase and pore structure of the synthesized powder materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorptiondesorption respectively. The results showed that the crystalline NZP family compounds CaZr4(PO4)6 and KZr2(PO4)3 which is occupied by Ca2+ and K+ respectively at lattice site of MIcan be prepared by sol-gel route followed with calcinations at 700-800°C for 2h, but when the gel precursor of CaZr4(PO4)6 was treated by hydrothermal crystallization at 160°C for 24h, the obtained powder was NH4Zr2(PO4)3 instead of CaZr4(PO4)6.
Removal of Methyl Violet by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Derived from Coffee Residues
Authors: Phatai Piaw , Utara Songkot , Hatthapanit Nantana
Published: December 2013

The study aimed to investigate the adsorption efficiency of methyl violet (MV) dye on activated carbon (AC) derived from coffee residues. A batch adsorption study was performed to examine various contributory parameters including contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dose and initial dye concentration. The morphology of the AC was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that maximum adsorption of MV dye on activated carbon occurred with a contact time of 60 min, solution pH of 9.0 and adsorbent dose of 0.3 g. The equilibrium adsorption data were analysed using Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. The adsorption isotherm was found to follow the Freundlich isotherm. Adsorption behavior of MV dye follows mechanism of physical adsorption which is occurred by heterogeneous surface. The results indicate that the AC from coffee residues is a suitable adsorbent for the adsorption of dyes.
Research on the Mechanism of Progressive Slope Evolution and its Failure Criterion
Authors: Fei Wei Shui , Zhang Cong Ling , Wu Zhi Qiang
Published: December 2013

The unstable failure of rock and soil slope was a progressive evolution process from local failure to total failure. The no-uniformity of rock and soil materials and differences of boundary conditions caused the discrepancy of stress field, together with the elastic-plastic characteristics of the sliding zone which controls the progressive unstable failure process. In this paper, any point of slop sliding zone was taken for the research object. On basis of limit slice method, the mechanical condition of slice was considered as a plane strain problem. According to Mohr-Coulomb linear failure criterion the stress state of a point is obtained with selecting stress function to establish the mechanical criterion of progressive slope failure. The analysis of engineering example shows that the mechanical criterion is reasonable to estimate the state of progressive slope evolution.
Qinglong River Environment and Strategy
Authors: Jing Chang Yong
Published: December 2013

Investigated and appraised water environment quality present situation and the pollution source of entered the river of the Qinhuangdao Qinglong River. It pointed out the main environment question which Qinglong River exists, and proposed the pointed government countermeasure in the infrastructural facilities, the industrial pollution source government, the agricultural surface source government, the ecological building along the river and river course government. It also analyzed the environment and economy and the social benefits of the comprehensive government.
Assessment on the Environment Risk of Heavy Metals in the Soil of Anhui Province (China) by Pollution Index Method
Authors: Tian Feng , Zhu Shu Guang
Published: December 2013

Contamination soil by heavy metals is an increasing environmental issue. The concentrations of 6 metals in the soils sampled in 1991 and 2011 from the 17 cities of Anhui Province (China) were investigated. Tow pollution indexes models were employed to investigate the soil environment quality of 17 cities. The results showed that the concentration of Mn is the highest. During the past 20 years, the concentrations of Cd, Mn and Cu in soil increased gradually. Based on the tow assessment method, environmental quality were assorted as class I (Excellent) or Class II (Good) for each soil with single-factor index method, and most was identified to be class I for the soils with the comprehensive index model. In comparison with the single-factor index method, the comprehensive index model concerned both dominant parameter and average contribution of all factors to the integrated environmental quality.
A Fluorescence Ratiometric Probe for Imaging of Acidic pH in Living Cells
Authors: Long Ling Liang , Wu Yan Jun , Wang Lin
Published: December 2013

A new fluorescent probe 1, bearing a pyridine group as receptor for H+and a coumarin dye as fluorophore, was synthesized and characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR, ESI-Ms and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The probe exhibited fluorescence ratiometric response to acidic pH. With decreasing of the pH from 8.32 to 2.49, the fluorescence emission spectra exhibited large red shift from 541 to 631 nm, with the emission ratios (I541/I631) changed dramatically from 25.9 to 0.08, and the pKavalue was calculated to be 5.45. Probe 1 exhibited high selectivity to pH, other interference species including metal ions and amino acid exerted no visible effect on probe 1 detecting pH. The intracellular pH imaging applications proved that the probe is suitable for monitoring acidic pH fluctuations in living cells.