bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Seasonal Variation on the Levels and Behaviours of Formaldehyde in the Atmosphere of a Suburban Area in Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Hassan Salwa K. , El-Abssawy Ahmeh A. , Khoder Mamdouh I.
Published: December 2018

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a carcinogenic pollutant, has an active role in tropospheric photochemistry, and can be affected by seasonal variations. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study of the effect of seasonal variation on the levels and behaviours of HCHO in the atmosphere of a suburban area (15 May City) in Cairo. Daytime and nighttime measurements of HCHO were performed from March 2014 to February 2015. The highest average daily concentrations of HCHO were found in summer and the lowest in winter. The difference was statistically significant (p≤0.001). Daily average HCHO concentrations in spring, summer, autumn and winter were higher than the corresponding values in many polluted cities in the world. This was true for both weekdays and weekends. HCHO was higher in daytime than nighttime on weekdays and weekends, and the differences in mean concentrations were statistically significant (p ≤0.001), except during the autumn and winter on weekends. Therefore, the contribution of photochemical reactions in the observed levels of HCHO might be greater than that of traffic emissions. This was further proved by the significant positive correlation found between daytime HCHO concentrations and temperature. HCHO concentrations were higher on weekdays than weekends, the differences in mean concentrations were statistically significant (p≤0.001). This may be attributed to higher emission of HCHO from higher traffic intensity during daytime. Significant positive correlations (p≤0.001) were found between daytime and nighttime HCHO concentrations, both on weekdays and weekends suggesting that HCHO comes from the same sources.
IMPROVEMENT OF FIDELITY OF MOVING OBJECTS CLASSIFICATION IN GUARD SIGNALING COMPLEXES WITH SEISMIC SENSORS
Authors: Volochiy Bohdan , Zmysnyi Mykhailo , Ozirkovskyy Leonid , Onyschchenko Volodomyr , Salnyk Yuriy
Published: December 2018

The effectiveness of guard signaling complexes (GSC), when there is an important validity of the classification of moving objects (MO), is evaluated by the following indexes: probability of GSC task execution; probability of partial fulfillment of the task; probability of user’s “deception”. Accordingly, the performance indicators of the GSC, in turn, depend on the indexes of the functionality of its constituents: probability of fixation of moving object by seismic sensor, probability of correct classification of MO type and probability of receiving radio signal by the system of receiving and displaying information (SRDI). The article describes a discrete-continuous stochastic model of of GSC reaction to moving object crossing control zone, in which three seismic sensors are installed. Majority principle of identifying the type of moving object was used on the receiving part of the complex. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of guard signaling complexes using one, two and three sensors in control zone are carried out.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) as a Tool for Standardization of Complex Herbal Drugs
Authors: Govindarajan Raghavan , Tejas Vyas , Pushpangadan Palpu
Published: December 2018

Background: Herbal formulations have reached tremendous acceptability as therapeutic agents for several diseases mainly due to the indiscriminate use of modern medicine such as antibiotics, steroids and other synthetic drugs. The increasing popularity in plant-based drugs is leading to a fast growing market for plant-based drugs pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, functional foods, and even cosmeceuticals. Objective: The development of authentic analytical methods for complex herbal drugs, especially poly herbal formulations which can reliably profile the phytochemical composition, including quantitative analyses of marker/bioactive compounds and other major constituents, is a major challenge to scientists. Standardization is an important step for the establishment of a consistent biological activity, a consistent chemical profile, or simply a quality assurance program for production and manufacturing of herbal drugs. Methods/Results: HPLC as a tool has been widely used in the standardization of complex herbal drugs because of its ability to estimate the presence of active (chemical or biological) markers both qualitatively and quantitatively. Conclusions: An overview of various HPLC techniques that can be used for standardization of herbal drugs has been presented.
CONFORMATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF HYDRAZONE DERIVED FROM PYRIDOXAL 5’-PHOSPHATE AND ISONIAZID
Authors: Pogonin Aleksandr E. , Gamov George A. , Zavalishin Maksim N. , Sharnin Valentin A.
Published: December 2018

The hydrazones derived from pyridoxal or pyridoxal 5’-phosphate and heterocyclic hydrazides are of interest due to their potential biological activity and metal sensing properties. These characteristics of hydrazones could be dependent on the conformation equilibria of molecule since the most stable conformer could differ from the one with the highest affinity towards biomolecule or metal ion. In the present contribution, deprotonated hydrazone formed by pyridoxal 5’-phosphate and isoniazid (PLP-INH3-) was studied by means of quantum chemistry. Three rotations leading to eight conformers are possible for this hydrazone; however, four of those species obtained by rotation of pyridine ring of isoniazid residue are degenerated. The geometry of different non-degenerated rotation conformers of the hydrazine (differing by the mutual arrangement of carbonyl group of the isoniazid residue and oxygen in 3’-site of PLP moiety) was optimized using density functional theory (B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)). Activation barriers were evaluated. Changes in energy and geometry of conformers as well as transition states are discussed. Quantitative QTAIM (Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules) analysis was performed in order to check the intermolecular hydrogen bonding existence. The species capable of forming the complex with the metal ions differs from the most stable (according to the total energy values) conformer. The preliminary prediction of biological activity of PLP-INH3- hydrazone and the docking for the hydrazone and G-protein-coupled receptor kinase were performed and the preferable conformation for ligand binding to the kinase active site was found.
Breaking the silence through MANTRA: Empowering Tamil MAN survivors of torture and rape
Authors: Fernandes Pearl , Aiello Yvette
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The prevalence of sexual torture, including rape as a form of torture against men in the context of war and persecution, has been widespread throughout history and across cultures. Despite this, literature examining this highly complex and pervasive problem has only recently begun to emerge. This is partly a reflection of the taboo nature of the topic, which results in lack of disclosure, a poor understanding of the issue, and leads to gaps in effective therapeutic interventions. Objective: This paper aims to provide a reflective narrative on an intervention trialled at the NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS). It outlines the therapeutic strategies that were integrated in culturally sensitive ways and the phases and themes that emerged as the men overcame their resistance to speak about their experiences of torture. Results: The combination of group and individual therapy that integrates exposure therapy in a culturally appropriate way can assist clients to revisit their traumatic experiences and ‘break their silence’ as they heal and recover. Conclusions: When male survivors of sexual torture share and verbalise their past horrors it assists them to make meaning and develop a new, broader perspective, on their experiences. Accompanied by a diminishing sense of shame, and “therapeutic activism” it instils hope and the motivation to assist others in crisis, particularly regarding the issue of male rape.
“We are the memory representation of our parents”: Intergenerational legacies of genocide among descendants of rape survivors in Rwanda
Authors: Kagoyire Marie Grâce , Richters Annemiek
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda subjected thousands of women to rape as part of a range of other genocidal atrocities. This article explores what it means in everyday life to be a descendant of such mothers. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in eastern Rwanda. The twelve respondents, all descendants of genocide-rape survivor mothers, participated in focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. Topics focused on different aspects of the intergenerational transmission of trauma and the mitigation of this transmission by the psychosocial support from which their mothers benefited. The phenomenological method as developed by Giorgi (2012) was used to analyze the transcripts. Findings: All respondents, regardless of their birth circumstances, are marked by growing up with a severely traumatized mother. Children conceived during rape are specifically marked by the absence of a perpetrator father unknown to them, the others by the lack of many (extended) family members. They all benefited from the psychosocial support provided to their mothers. Discussion: Genocidal rape causes specific kinds of suffering and specific identity problems for the children born as a consequence of genocide-rape. However, even if the children were not conceived during the rape, their level of suffering is similar. Conclusion: The effects of the intergenerational transmission of trauma related to the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda should be recognized among all youth deeply affected by it. Appropriate policies and programs should be designed and implemented to moderate the effects and strengthen resilience to ensure a peaceful future on an individual, interpersonal, and inter-relational community levels.
Représentations professionnelles des enseignants d’éducation physique envers l’inclusion des élèves en situation de handicap
Authors: Tant Maxime , André Amaël , Watelain Éric
Published: December 2018

Ce travail entreprend de recenser systématiquement puis d’analyser qualitativement l’ensemble des articles internationaux (en français et en anglais), publiés entre 1975 et 2015, relatifs aux représentations professionnelles des enseignants d’éducation physique sur la question vive qu’est l’inclusion des élèves en situation de handicap. Trente-cinq études ont été sélectionnées et réparties autour de trois thèmes associés aux représentations professionnelles des enseignants sous la forme d’obstacles à l’inclusion : 1) l’inadéquation entre les politiques inclusives et les programmes d’éducation physique, 2) la difficile collaboration entre les enseignants d’éducation physique et les partenaires de l’inclusion et 3) l’inadaptation de la formation initiale et continue des enseignants en éducation physique adaptée. Une des retombées de ce travail consiste à proposer des perspectives de formation pour les enseignants d’éducation physique afin de franchir ces obstacles.
Effets d’un dispositif de recherche sur la co-production de praxéologies inclusives en milieu scolaire ordinaire
Authors: Assude Teresa , Perez Jean-Michel , Suau Géraldine , Tambone Jeannette
Published: December 2018

Notre recherche s’intéresse aux praxéologies inclusives qui favorisent l’accessibilité aux savoirs d’élèves en situation de handicap accueillis dans des classes en milieu ordinaire. Un dispositif de recherche collaboratif a été mis en place afin de permettre d’aborder notre question sur les conditions favorables à la production de praxéologies inclusives. Le cadre théorique et méthodologique convoqué est issu de la théorie anthropologique du didactique (Chevallard, 1992) et de la clinique des systèmes et des acteurs. Nous montrons ensuite quelques effets du dispositif sur ces praxéologies. Le premier effet est celui de l’illusion de l’inclusion, la dynamique inclusive et le contrat différentiel, le deuxième est celui de l’observation du système sujet-situation-institution (SSI) et le troisième est celui des questionnements en résonnance.
A pneumatologia missionária de Papa Francisco em Evangelii Gaudium
Authors: Maçaneiro Marcial , Pessotto Diogo Marangon
Published: December 2018

A Exortação Apostólica Evangelii Gaudium (EG), do Papa Francisco, dedica especial atenção ao espírito da evangelização, o Espírito Santo, “alma da Igreja evangelizadora” (EG 261), o que nos solicita uma leitura pneumatológica da referida Exortação no intuito de analisarmos os elementos pneumatológicos referidos em sua noção de evangelização mediante o exame, em perspectiva missionária, de suas ocorrências explícitas e implícitas ali postas. O último capítulo de EG, eminentemente pneumatológico, encaminha-nos para o retorno ao seu texto a partir de uma consideração pneumatológico-trinitária. À primazia do Espírito na evangelização associa-se a necessidade de uma autêntica e dócil abertura dos evangelizadores à ação do mesmo Espírito. Fiel ao mandato de Jesus, a Igreja procura anunciar o Evangelho conformando-se a Ele, pela ação do Espírito Santo, a fim de que a evangelização não prescinda do testemunho da vida. Cristo foi ungido pelo Espírito para o anúncio da Boa-Nova (Lc 4,18). Assim também a Igreja nascente em Pentecostes foi impelida a evangelizar na força do Espírito Santo (At 2). O Espírito da evangelização em EG, portanto, exprime uma pneumatologia missionária cujos elementos explicitam os nexos entre o Espírito Santo, a Igreja e a missão.
Lucas: o evangelho da misericórdia
Authors: Perondi Ildo
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo é uma reflexão transversal do Evangelho buscando ver como Lucas quis apresentar Jesus e sua mensagem marcados pelo aspecto da misericórdia e compaixão. Jesus é o Messias misericordioso. O rosto do Pai que Ele revela é de um Deus rico em misericórdia. Os fatos narrados no evangelho estão marcados pela misericórdia e pela compaixão. Por isso, espera-se também do leitor e dos seguidores de Jesus a prática da misericórdia: “Sede misericordiosos como vosso Pai é misericordioso.” (Lc 6,36).
PRÁTICAS PARENTAIS: ASSOCIAÇÕES COM DESEMPENHO ESCOLAR E HABILIDADES SOCIAIS
Authors: Prado Martins Ricardo Prado Martins , Adriana Neves Nunes Sandra , Xavier Faraco Ana Maria , Cristina Manfroi Edi , Luís Vieira Mauro , H. Rubin Kenneth
Published: December 2018

O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar as múltiplas relações entre afeto parental, controle comportamental e psicológico, habilidades sociais e competência acadêmica em pré-adolescentes. Examinou-se também o impacto do gênero e da idade dos filhos sobre esses aspectos. As variáveis idade e nível de escolaridade dos pais foram igualmente examinadas, objetivando-se observar se exerceriam algum impacto sobre o comportamento de seus filhos. No total, 117 pais com filhos entre 10 e 13 anos responderam ao CRPR (Child Rearing Parental Report), instrumento que acessa as práticas parentais, e 5 professores responderam ao TRS (Teacher Rating Scale), que avalia o desempenho escolar da criança. Análises fatoriais exploratórias identificaram duas dimensões das práticas parentais (afeto e controle) e quatro dimen¬sões do desempenho escolar (sociabilidade, dificuldades escolares e emocionais, competência acadêmica e dificuldades emocionais). Análises adicionais revelaram três subdimensões para controle parental: controle psicológico, controle comportamental e superproteção. Os resultados indicaram que meninas são percebidas com mais habilidades sociais e acadêmicas; pais relataram práticas similares para ambos os sexos nas dimensões afeto e controle. O nível de escolaridade materna correlacionou-se positivamente com as dimensões: afeto, controle comportamental, competência acadêmica e controle psicológico, enquanto a escolaridade paterna correlacionou-se com competência acadêmica. Práticas parentais que combinam afeto e controle comportamental correlacionaram-se positivamente com competência acadêmica, e controle psicológico correlacionou-se negativamente com habilidades sociais. As diferentes influências que as práticas parentais exercem no desempenho acadêmico e nas habilidades sociais são discutidas.
A avaliação da aprendizagem a distância: um estudo em representações sociais
Authors: Vieira Vânia Maria de Oliveira , Silva Manoella Stein Nascimento , Resende Marilene Ribeiro
Published: December 2018

Este estudo consiste em um relato de pesquisa sobre a avaliação da aprendizagem na mo¬dalidade a distância. Optou-se pelo suporte teórico-metodológico da Teoria das representa¬ções sociais explicitada por Moscovici (1978, 2003), Jodelet (2011) Abric (2001) e Sá (2002). Tem como objetivo identificar as representações sociais que os alunos de pedagogia a distân¬cia de uma universidade mineira estão construindo sobre a avaliação da aprendizagem. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados incluíram a aplicação de um questionário, com questões abertas e outras formuladas de acordo com a escala Likert; a técnica de associação livre de palavras, tratadas pelo software Evoc, que busca identificar nas representações sociais os ele¬mentos centrais e periféricos; e a realização de grupos focais. Participaram da pesquisa 212 alunos concluintes do curso de pedagogia a distância dos polos Triângulo (Araxá, Uberaba, Uberlândia); Espírito Santo (Cariacica, Colatina) e Regional Triângulo Mineiro (São Gotardo). De acordo com as análises realizadas, foi possível verificar que o projeto pedagógico do curso prevê uma avaliação processual e formativa. Os dados demonstram também que os alunos es¬tão construindo diferentes representações sobre a avaliação a distância. Possivelmente, essas representações estão ancoradas em sentimento que denota ser a avaliação: “uma atividade de aprendizagem e conhecimento” (53%); “adequada que permite a realização de um curso a distância, porém exige dedicação e persistência” (20%); “complexa, rigorosa, tradicional, clas¬sificatória e que não mede conhecimentos” (27%).
FORMAÇÃO EM SAÚDE E OS CENÁRIOS DE APRENDIZAGEM NO CURSO DE PSICOLOGIA
Authors: Batista Cássia Beatriz , Carmona Daniele Souza , Fonseca Sara Lopes
Published: December 2018

Esta pesquisa se insere no contexto da formação de recursos humanos para a saúde que, na busca de melhor preparação dos profissionais para atuar no modelo do Sistema Único de Saúde, incentiva mudanças nos cursos de graduação de saúde das universidades brasileiras. Visando caracterizar a formação em saúde da PUC Minas, unidade São Gabriel, a luz das diretrizes curriculares e a partir do tripé ensino, pesquisa e extensão, mapeamos os cenários de aprendizagem em saúde existentes entre os anos de 2006 e 2008, período anterior a entrada do curso para o Programa Nacional de Reorientação da Formação Profissional da Saúde (Pró-Saúde). Para tal mapeamento, utilizou-se a análise documental do projeto político-pedagógico do curso, relatórios e outros documentos sobre estágios supervisionados, pesquisa, extensão e monografia, além da produção dos docentes. Os campos da saúde e da saúde pública, bem como a abordagem interdisciplinar estão presentes na proposta do curso. Observa-se no período estudado a presença diversificada de cenários de aprendizagem e de temáticas em saúde, mesmo que alguns desses estejam pouco integrados ou ainda dispersos na formação e na articulação entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão. A configuração dos cenários de aprendizagem reafirma a proposta de reorientar a formação em saúde defendida pelo programa, principalmente na atuação multiprofissional e na abordagem interdisciplinar, ainda pouco presentes nos cenários de aprendizagem analisados. Explorando fontes documentais, compreendemos uma dada realidade de formação em saúde que ultrapassa as prescrições curriculares, e apresenta o currículo como possibilidade de construção de sujeitos.
Environmental variability and phenology evolution: impacts of climate change and spring onset on reproductive timing in a small mammal
Authors: White Easton R , Parvinen Kalle , Dieckmann Ulf
Published: December 2018

The phenology, or timing of life history events, of organisms affects both ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Recent work has illustrated the effects of climate change on the phenology for many species. Changing selective pressures on phenology can have consequences for species if the reliability of phenological cues decreases or if climate change affects interacting species differentially. There are now numerous examples, in which earlier mean timing of spring has selected for earlier phenology of organisms. However, much less is known about how changes in the variability of spring — and consequently the reliability of cues — might affect species. We built a general model of animal population dynamics to study both the ecology and evolution of phenological events under climate change. We parameterized this model for a population of the collared pika (Ochotona collaris) found in the Yukon, Canada. In line with past work, we show that an earlier timing of spring snowmelt will select for an earlier timing of reproduction. In addition, we show that variability in the onset of spring also selects for earlier reproduction. However, evolution or plasticity in juvenile mortality, due to late snowmelt, can lead to later reproduction. These results highlight the importance of looking at the variability, and not only the mean, in spring onset. The specific relationship between the mean and variability of spring onset coupled with the ability of a population to be plastic or adaptable will determine the long-term effects of climate change on the phenology of species.
Occurrence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren using a noninvasive indicator: waist and height ratio
Authors: Dias Arieli Fernandes , Brand Caroline , Lemes Vanilson Batista , Gaya Adroaldo Cezar Araujo , Gaya Anelise Reis
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Metabolic disorders in childhood and adolescence have been increasing considerably. Thus, the importance of performing an early diagnosis is emphasized.

Objective: To analyse the occurrence of metabolic risk using a non-invasive marker in schoolchildren.

Methods: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, with random sample of 174 schoolchildren (70 boys and 104 girls) from 10 state high schools in the city of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The height (cm) was verified according to the procedures of the Brazilian Sport Project and the waist circumference (cm) was measured with a flexible and inelastic tape measure. From this the waist-to-height ratio was calculated, which takes into account the proportion of abdominal fat by the individual’s height, considering the cut-off point of Ashwell & Hsieh. For data analysis we used descriptive and chi-square statistics.

Results: The metabolic risk of schoolchildren was 13.8%, when stratified by sex, the occurrences were 11.4% for males and 15.4% for females, but there was no significant difference between the sexes (X2= 0.54; p= 0.45).

Conclusion: The use of non-invasive markers for the diagnosis of metabolic risk indicated a high occurrence of it in schoolchildren, with the girls presenting a higher risk. The use of this method is important because it allows the evaluation of a greater number of schoolchildren and the early identification of health risk. In addition to being a low-cost, easy-to-apply method.
Impact of untreated dental caries on oral health of adolescents from cities in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Tibolla Paola , Rigo Lilian
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Dental caries is a major public health problem around the world, because it can cause pain and suffering to individuals. Even with a decline in childhood disease in recent years, it is observed in many countries.

Objective: The objective of this research is to analyze the mean of dental caries and the prevalence of untreated caries and associated factors in students from the southern region of Brazil.

Methods: The approach of this study is quantitative, with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was composed of 77 adolescents from the state schools of the urban area of the municipalities of Ciríaco and David Canabarro, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For the data collection, clinical exams were performed, using the DMFT index, and the application of two semistructured questionnaires to adolescents and their parents. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to the Pearson chi-square test and ANOVA at a significance level of 5%.

Results: The prevalence of untreated dental caries in the final sample was 40.3% and the DMFT index (decayed, missing and filled teeth) 2.32, there was no statistical difference between cities. There was a statistically significant relationship between the variable toothache in the last six months and the outcome of untreated caries (p = 0.012) with 76% of those who had pain. There was also an association between the variable perception of the treatment at the last visit and untreated caries (p = 0.021), with 84.6% of adolescents considering poor / regular treatment.

Conclusion: Although the average dental caries has been low, many adolescents have decayed and untreated teeth, with toothache and lack of quality in dental treatment being the factors that most impacted.
Complex measurements of heart rate variability in obese youths: distinguishing autonomic dysfunction
Authors: Garner David M. , Vanderlei Franciele Marques , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos Marques
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV) can be assessed from RR-intervals. These are derived from an electrocardiographic PQRST-signature and can deviate in a chaotic or irregular manner. In the past, techniques from statistical physics have allowed researchers to study such systems. Objective: This study planned to assess the heart rate dynamics in young obese subjects by nonlinear metrics to heart rate variability.

Methods: 86 subjects were split equally according to status. Heart rate was recorded with the subjects resting in a dorsal (prone) position for 30 minutes. The complexity of the RR-intervals was assessed by five Entropies, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, Higuchi and Katz’s fractal dimensions Following inconclusive tests of normality we calculated the One-Way Analysis of Variance, Kruskal-Wallis, and the Effect Sizes by Cohen’s d significances.

Results: It was established that Shannon, Renyi and Tsallis Entropies and the Higuchi and Katz・s fractal dimensions could significantly discriminate the two groups. The three entropies were higher in obese youths, suggesting less predictable sets of RR intervals (p<0.0001; d≈1.0). Whilst the Higuchi (p<0.003; d≈0.76) and Katz・s (p≈0.02; d≈0.57) fractal dimensions were lower in obese youths.

Conclusion: As with chaotic globals an increase in response was detected by three measures of entropy in young obese. This is counter to the decreasing response detected by fractal dimensions. Chaotic globals and entropies are more dependable than fractal dimensions when assessing the responses to obesity.
Research methodology topics: Cross-sectional studies
Authors: Zangirolami-Raimundo Juliana , Echeimberg Jorge De Oliveira , Leone Claudio
Published: December 2018

In health the most frequent researches are done in the form of observational studies. In this type of scientific research the researchers did not interfere with the phenomena under study, only observed in a systematic and standardized manner, collecting and recording information, data or materials that spontaneously occur at a particular time of the health-disease process, or along its natural evolution, and then proceed with its description and/or analysis. In observational studies normally four types of study design are used: case series studies, cross-section studies, case-control studies and cohort studies. Thus, cross-sectional studies are very useful in descriptive studies when used in studies that are proposed to be analytical, the results must be interpreted by researchers with good experience in that specific field of knowledge, using a lot of caution and common sense.
Reciprocal regulation among TRPV1 channels and phosphoinositide 3-kinase in response to nerve growth factor
Authors: Stratiievska Anastasiia , Nelson Sara , Senning Eric N , Lautz Jonathan D , Smith Stephen EP , Gordon Sharona E
Published: December 2018

Although it has been known for over a decade that the inflammatory mediator NGF sensitizes pain-receptor neurons through increased trafficking of TRPV1 channels to the plasma membrane, the mechanism by which this occurs remains mysterious. NGF activates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), the enzyme that generates PI(3,4)P2 and PIP3, and PI3K activity is required for sensitization. One tantalizing hint came from the finding that the N-terminal region of TRPV1 interacts directly with PI3K. Using two-color total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we show that TRPV1 potentiates NGF-induced PI3K activity. A soluble TRPV1 fragment corresponding to the N-terminal Ankyrin repeats domain (ARD) was sufficient to produce this potentiation, indicating that allosteric regulation was involved. Further, other TRPV channels with conserved ARDs also potentiated NGF-induced PI3K activity. Our data demonstrate a novel reciprocal regulation of PI3K signaling by the ARD of TRPV channels.
Odor-evoked category reactivation in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex during sleep promotes memory consolidation
Authors: Shanahan Laura K , Gjorgieva Eva , Paller Ken A , Kahnt Thorsten , Gottfried Jay A
Published: December 2018

Slow-wave sleep is an optimal opportunity for memory consolidation: when encoding occurs in the presence of a sensory cue, delivery of that cue during sleep enhances retrieval of associated memories. Recent studies suggest that cues might promote consolidation by inducing neural reinstatement of cue-associated content during sleep, but direct evidence for such mechanisms is scant, and the relevant brain areas supporting these processes are poorly understood. Here, we address these gaps by combining a novel olfactory cueing paradigm with an object-location memory task and simultaneous EEG-fMRI recording in human subjects. Using pattern analysis of fMRI ensemble activity, we find that presentation of odor cues during sleep promotes reactivation of category-level information in ventromedial prefrontal cortex that significantly correlates with post-sleep memory performance. In identifying the potential mechanisms by which odor cues selectively modulate memory in the sleeping brain, these findings bring unique insights into elucidating how and what we remember.
Perineuronal nets control visual input via thalamic recruitment of cortical PV interneurons
Authors: Faini Giulia , Aguirre Andrea , Landi Silvia , Lamers Didi , Pizzorusso Tommaso , Ratto Gian Michele , Deleuze Charlotte , Bacci Alberto
Published: December 2018

In the neocortex, critical periods (CPs) of plasticity are closed following the accumulation of perineuronal nets (PNNs) around parvalbumin (PV)-positive inhibitory interneurons. However, how PNNs tune cortical function and plasticity is unknown. We found that PNNs modulated the gain of visual responses and γ-oscillations in the adult mouse visual cortex in vivo, consistent with increased interneuron function. Removal of PNNs in adult V1 did not affect GABAergic neurotransmission from PV cells, nor neuronal excitability in layer 4. Importantly, PNN degradation coupled to sensory input potentiated glutamatergic thalamic synapses selectively onto PV cells. In the absence of PNNs, increased thalamic PV-cell recruitment modulated feed-forward inhibition differently on PV cells and pyramidal neurons. These effects depended on visual input, as they were strongly attenuated by monocular deprivation in PNN-depleted adult mice. Thus, PNNs control visual processing and plasticity by selectively setting the strength of thalamic recruitment of PV cells.
DO ENSAIO SOBRE A LUCIDEZ AOS DISPOSITIVOS DE SEGURANÇA: FOUCAULT, SARAMAGO, RESISTÊNCIA E INSURREIÇÃO
Authors: Ratusniak Célia , Da Silva Carla Clauber
Published: December 2018

O texto toma o livro Ensaio sobre a lucidez (SARAMAGO, 2004) para problematizar a relação entre governamentalidade e biopoder. Para tal utiliza-se o curso Segurança, território e população (FOUCAULT, 2008), que desenvolve uma genealogia sobre uma forma de saber político centrado em mecanismos que regulam e controlam a população.Ensaio sobre a lucidez traz à tona essa forma de saber e os efeitos do dispositivo de segurança sobre a população. Este trabalho possibilita uma reflexão a respeito dos efeitos, limites e possibilidades de governamento do Estado, que tem a segurança como princípio básico de atividade. Propõe uma problematização sobre as insurgências e as táticas/estratégias que o Estado usa para restabelecer a ordem.
Aproximações entre escolas e resiliências trans/formativas
Authors: Santos Taylan Gustavo Ladeia dos , Silva Fernando Guimarães Oliveira da , Maio Eliane Rose
Published: December 2018

Problematizamos a partir da pesquisa exploratória com recurso da revisão de sistemática de literatura as relações entre as identidades de gêneros de estudantes trans nas escolas com o enfoque das perspectivas que analisam a resiliência em ambiente escolar. Dialogamos sobre três pontos importantes: os conceitos de resiliência, a escola enquanto produtora de resiliência e, por fim, estas duas questões relacionadas com as meninas transgêneros. Exploramos, por meio da vulnerabilidade vista pelo enfoque individual, social e programático, relevantes fatores que representariam condições significativas de produzir rupturas com as intolerâncias vividas por estudantes trans nas escolas. Por fim, a escola pode ensinar resiliência para tornar-se um ambiente mais acolhedor e menos estressor.
Precisão de medidas de força muscular isométrica com dinamometria manual
Authors: Bertoni Mariana Barcellos Machado , Gomes Neto Mansueto
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar a precisão de medidas de força muscular isométrica máxima, realizadas através da dinamometria manual isométrica dos músculos responsáveis por movimentos do quadril. Metodologia: Foi realizado um teste de força da musculatura do quadril em 10 voluntários saudáveis. Todos eles realizaram três repetições de força isométrica máxima, com intervalo de 15 segundos entre elas.  A análise dos dados foi feita através do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI) oneway, tipo consistência. Resultados: O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), para todos os grupos musculares, ficou acima de 0,9, o que significa resultados excelentes de concordância entre as medidas. Conclusão: Para o teste de dinamometria manual descrito, resultados similares foram encontrados entre a primeira, a segunda e a terceira medida realizada. Dessa forma, podemos dizer que o avaliador é capacitado para a realização dessa avaliação. Além disso, a presença de resultados consistentes em todas as três medidas significa que qualquer uma delas poderá ser utilizada para análises estatísticas posteriores.
Análise qualitativa de conteúdo e estudo piloto da escala SOCRATES-SO
Authors: Suedan Renata Vieira , Velasquez Michella Lopes , Oliveira Irismar Reis de
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: apresentar os resultados da etapa inicial de adaptação da escala estágios de motivação para mudança e preparação no tratamento do sobrepeso e obesidade – SOCRATES SO. Metodologia: um grupo de juízes, composto por seis profissionais experientes, especialistas em suas respectivas áreas de atuação, realizou a análise da SOCRATES-SO para validação de conteúdo. Os juízes preencheram um protocolo de análise dos componentes do referido instrumento. Posteriormente, a versão final foi aplicada em uma amostra (n=17) de sujeitos com sobrepeso e obesidade.  Resultados e discussão: Na validação de conteúdo, os componentes da escala obtiveram uma aprovação acima de 80% pelos juízes com o método de porcentagem de concordância, exceto no item 1. Conclusão: a SOCRATES-SO parece ter se mostrado um instrumento promissor para a avaliação da motivação para mudança no comportamento alimentar. No entanto, essa foi apenas a fase inicial de adaptação do instrumento. Ajustes, como a retirada de alguns itens, podem ser necessários para tornar esse teste mais homogêneo após a análise fatorial confirmatória.

 
Sympatric diploid and tetraploid cytotypes ofCentaurea stoebes.l. do not differ in arbuscular mycorrhizal communities and mycorrhizal growth response
Authors: Sudová Radka , Kohout Petr , Kolaříková Zuzana , Rydlová Jana , Voříšková Jana , Suda Jan , Španiel Stanislav , Müller‐Schärer Heinz , Mráz Patrik
Published: December 2018

Premise of the Study

Genome duplication is associated with multiple changes at different levels, including interactions with pollinators and herbivores. Yet little is known whether polyploidy may also shape belowground interactions.

Methods

To elucidate potential ploidy‐specific interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), we compared mycorrhizal colonization and assembly ofAMFcommunities in roots of diploid and tetraploidCentaurea stoebes.l. (Asteraceae) co‐occurring in a Central European population. In a follow‐up greenhouse experiment, we tested inter‐cytotype differences in mycorrhizal growth response by combining ploidy, substrate, and inoculation with nativeAMFin a full‐factorial design.

Key Results

All sampled plants were highly colonized byAMF, with the Glomeraceae predominating.AMF‐community composition revealed by 454‐pyrosequencing reflected the spatial distribution of the hosts, but not their ploidy level or soil characteristics. In the greenhouse experiment, the tetraploids produced more shoot biomass than the diploids did when grown in a more fertile substrate, while no inter‐cytotype differences were found in a less fertile substrate.AMFinoculation significantly reduced plant growth and improved P uptake, but its effects did not differ between the cytotypes.

Conclusions

The results do not support our hypotheses that the cytotype structure in a mixed‐ploidy population ofC. stoebeis mirrored inAMF‐community composition and that ploidy‐specific fungal communities contribute to cytotype co‐existence. Causes and implications of the observed negative growth response toAMFare discussed.
Nucleus‐Targeted Organoiridium–Albumin Conjugate for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Pingyu , Huang Huaiyi , Banerjee Samya , Clarkson Guy J. , Ge Chen , Imberti Cinzia , Sadler Peter J.
Published: December 2018

An organoiridium–albumin bioconjugate (Ir1‐HSA) was synthesized by reaction of a pendant maleimide ligand with human serum albumin. The phosphorescence of Ir1‐HSA was enhanced significantly compared to parent complex Ir1. The long phosphorescence lifetime and high 1O2 quantum yield of Ir1‐HSA are highly favorable properties for photodynamic therapy. Ir1‐HSA mainly accumulated in the nucleus of living cancer cells and showed remarkable photocytotoxicity against a range of cancer cell lines and tumor spheroids (light IC50; 0.8–5 μm, photo‐cytotoxicity index PI=40–60), while remaining non‐toxic to normal cells and normal cell spheroids, even after photo‐irradiation. This nucleus‐targeting organoiridium‐albumin is a strong candidate photosensitizer for anticancer photodynamic therapy.
Ulnar Artery Occlusion and Severity Markers of Vasculopathy in Systemic Sclerosis: A Multicenter Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Lescoat Alain , Yelnik Cécile Marie , Coiffier Guillaume , Wargny Matthieu , Lamotte Christophe , Cazalets Claire , Belhomme Nicolas , Ballerie Alice , Hatron Pierre‐Yves , Launay David , Perdriger Aleth , Sobanski Vincent , Hachulla Eric , Jégo Patrick
Published: December 2018

Objective

To evaluate the association of ulnar artery occlusion (UAO) assessed using Doppler ultrasound (DUS) with the severity markers of systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods

Two hundred four unselected patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2013 classification criteria for SSc were included in this cross‐sectional multicenter study. All patients underwent bilateral hand DUS to evaluate the presence of UAO and clinical/paraclinical visceral evaluation according to current guidelines. Univariable and multivariable ordinal regression models were applied, grading the severity of UAO as “no UAO,” “only one UAO,” and “UAO on both hands,” and assessing its association with clinical features of SSc. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.

Results

UAO was found in 76 patients (37.3%) and was bilateral in 49 patients (24%). UAO as an ordinal event was significantly associated with disease duration, history of fingertip ulcers, telangiectasia, higher modified Rodnan skin thickness score (MRSS), worse diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) values, higher tricuspid jet velocity, late capillaroscopic pattern, and positivity for anticentromere antibodies (ACAs) (univariable analysis). In the adjusted multivariable ordinal model, UAO was less frequent in women (OR 0.35 [95% CI 0.15–0.83], P = 0.017) and in patients receiving steroids (OR 0.24 [95% CI 0.09–0.62], P = 0.0034). In multivariable analyses, significant association with UAO was retained for history of fingertip ulcers (OR 2.55 [95% CI 1.24–5.21], P = 0.011), higher MRSS (OR 1.65 [95% CI 1.06–2.56], P =0.025), lower DLco values (OR 0.85 [95% CI 0.78–0.94], P = 0.0015), and ACA positivity (OR 2.89 [95% CI 1.36–6.11], P = 0.0056).

Conclusion

UAO may represent a relevant severity marker of vasculopathy in SSc. Its predictive value for the onset of severe vascular manifestations such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, and its association with mortality, remain to be determined in longitudinal studies.
Cortical interlaminar astrocytes across the therian mammal radiation
Authors: Falcone Carmen , Wolf‐Ochoa Marisol , Amina Sarwat , Hong Tiffany , Vakilzadeh Gelareh , Hopkins William D. , Hof Patrick R. , Sherwood Chet C. , Manger Paul R. , Noctor Stephen C. , Martínez‐Cerdeño Verónica
Published: December 2018

Interlaminar astrocytes (ILA) in the cerebral cortex possess a soma in layer I and extend an interlaminar process that runs perpendicular to the pia into deeper cortical layers. We examined cerebral cortex from 46 species that encompassed most orders of therian mammalians, including 22 primate species. We described two distinct cell types with interlaminar processes that have been referred to as ILA, that we termed pial ILA and supial ILA. ILA subtypes differ in somatic morphology, position in layer I, and presence across species. We further described rudimentary ILA that have short GFAP+ processes that do not exit layer I, and “typical” ILA with longer GFAP+ processes that exit layer I. Pial ILA were present in all mammalian species analyzed, with typical ILA observed in Primates, Scandentia, Chiroptera, Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Hyracoidea, and Proboscidea. Subpial ILA were absent in Marsupialia, and typical subpial ILA were only found in Primate. We focused on the properties of pial ILA by investigating the molecular properties of pial ILA and confirming their astrocytic nature. We found that while the density of pial ILA somata only varied slightly, the complexity of ILA processes varied greatly across species. Primates, specifically bonobo, chimpanzee, orangutan, and human, exhibited pial ILA with the highest complexity. We showed that interlaminar processes contact neurons, pia, and capillaries, suggesting a potential role for ILA in the blood–brain barrier and facilitating communication among cortical neurons, astrocytes, capillaries, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid.
Hypoxia‐induced endothelial cell responses – possible roles during periodontal disease
Authors: Mendes Reila T. , Nguyen Daniel , Stephens Danielle , Pamuk Ferda , Fernandes Daniel , Hasturk Hatice , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Kantarci Alpdogan
Published: December 2018

Background and objective Inflammatory periodontal pockets are known to be hypoxic. Hypoxia influences vascular response to periodontal inflammation, including angiogenesis, which is critical for oxygen and nutrient delivery to periodontal tissues and granulation tissue formation. Our previous work suggests that periodontal bacteria may actively contribute to pocket hypoxia. Herein, we test the hypothesis that Fusobacterium nucleatum actively induces low oxygen tension, which modulates angiogenesis and endothelial cell activity. HUVEC cells were incubated in 1.5% oxygen for (Folkman & Shing, 1992)48 hours. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT; surface expression of CD31, CD34 and VEGF receptors (VEGFR1, VEGFR2) were analyzed by FACS. mRNA expression of HIF isoforms, iNOS, eNOS, COX‐2, and VEGF was measured by quantitative PCR. Supernatants were analyzed for the release of IL‐1α, TNF‐α, and VEGF by ELISA or multiplex immunoassays and nitric oxide was measured by colorimetric assay. F. nucleatum actively depleted oxygen. Hypoxia resulted in a significant increase of HIF isoforms. iNOS was increased while nitric oxide was unchanged. VEGF release was increased at 4 hours followed by an increase in VEGFR1 at 12 hours, but not VEGFR2. CD31 expression was reduced and CD34 was increased after 48 hours (p < 0.05). IL‐1α and TNF‐α release were decreased at 4 hours (p < 0.05), but both increased by 24 hours; TNF‐α increased at 24 h. The data highlight the role of hypoxia in endothelial cell inflammatory changes. F. nucleatum, considered a bridging species in the development of periodontopathic biofilms induces hypoxia in the periodontium leading to angiogenic changes in periodontal disease pathogenesis.
Diagnostic leukapheresis for CTC analysis in breast cancer patients: CTC frequency, clinical experiences and recommendations for standardized reporting
Authors: Fehm Tanja N. , Meier‐Stiegen Franziska , Driemel Christiane , Jäger Bernadette , Reinhardt Florian , Naskou Johanna , Franken André , Neubauer Hans , Neves Rui P.L. , van Dalum Guus , Ruckhäberle Eugen , Niederacher Dieter , Rox Jutta M. , Fischer Johannes C. , Stoecklein Nikolas H.
Published: December 2018

Diagnostic leukapheresis (DLA) is based on continuous centrifugation that collects mononuclear cells from peripheral blood with a density of 1.055–1.08 g/ml. As epithelial cells have a similar density, DLA cocollects circulating tumor cell (CTCs) along with the targeted mononuclear cells. Here, we report on our single center experience applying DLA in 40 nonmetastatic and metastatic breast cancer patients and its impact on CTC detection. We found that the use of just 5% of the DLA product (corresponding to a median peripheral blood volume of around 60 ml) in the CellSearch® assay already leads to a significant increase in CTC detection frequency and yield. The implementation of the method was unproblematic, and we did not observe any adverse events in our patient cohort. Extrapolating the CTC counts in the DLA samples to the whole DLA product indicated that enormous CTC numbers could be harvested by this approach (around 205x more CTCs than in the 7.5 ml blood sample in M1 patients). In conclusion, DLA is a clinically safe method to collect CTCs from liters of blood enabling a real liquid biopsy. Yet, further technical developments are required to process whole DLA products and exploit the full potential of this approach. As it is foreseeable that DLA will be used by several groups, and hopefully ultimately brought to the patients in a routine setting, we discuss recommendations on the minimum of required information for reporting on DLAs to allow comparison across different approaches. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Palladium Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of Oxabenzonorbornadienes with Anhydrides
Authors: Zou Lingling , Sun Weiqing , Khan Ruhima , Lv Haiping , Yang Yong , Xu Jianbin , Zhan Yong , Fan Baomin
Published: December 2018

Palladium catalyzed ring‐opening reaction of oxabenzonorbornadienes with anhydrides, leading to the synthesis of the di‐ and trimerization products in a single step have been demonstrated. The dimerization product was obtained as the major product as compared to the trimer. The reaction proceeded in the absence of additional ligands. The effect of different palladium catalysts, bases, and solvents on the yield of the reaction has been studied. The scope of the developed protocol was investigated based on various oxabicyclic alkenes and different anhydrides.