bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transdisciplinary Research Supports the Sustainability of Barrier Island Systems Threatened by Climate Change
Authors: Barnard Patrick L. , Passeri Davina L.
Published: September 2024

The management of developed barrier islands is often piece‐meal and reactionary despite the complex, dynamic nature of these systems, and sustainable practices will become increasingly difficult due to heightened pressures of climate change. Adaptation actions, including nature‐based solutions, need to be thoroughly evaluated prior to implementation to understand system‐wide impacts and avoid maladaptation. Anarde et al. (2024a), (https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ef003672), Anarde et al. (2024b), (https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ef004200) is the latest important contribution in a growing body of transdisciplinary research that more robustly evaluates the complex physical process‐and‐response relationship of barrier systems via sophisticated numerical modeling approaches that also interface with socioeconomic models to inform coastal management actions in response to mitigating coastal risk. This new research indicates the importance of coordinated system‐scale barrier island management, as strategies to reduce coastal hazard risk in one location will directly affect adjacent communities. Further, this work demonstrates that reducing barrier management interventions may actually promote barrier recovery and sustainability in the face of sea level rise. In addition, recent advances in the analysis and application of remotely sensed data from satellites and oblique aerial photography provide scientists an unprecedented opportunity to track coastal evolution over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales at minimal cost. As sea level rise and changing storm patterns challenge the sustainable management of barrier island systems, integrating these advanced, transdisciplinary tools will enable scientists and coastal practitioners to more thoroughly evaluate coastal adaptation options, efficiently invest limited resources to mitigate coastal hazard risk for communities, support healthy ecosystems, and reduce system‐wide impacts.
Toward Comprehensive Understanding of Air‐Sea Interactions Under Tropical Cyclones: On the Importance of High Resolution and Multi‐Modal Observations
Authors: Combot Clément , Mouche Alexis , de Boyer Montegut Clément , Chapron Bertrand
Published: September 2024

The three‐dimensional structure of the Tropical Cyclone's baroclinic wake is synthesized as an averaged baroclinic‐dominant response of the upper ocean. The resulting persisting sea surface depression can easily be monitored using the present‐day altimeter constellation. Following a semi‐empirical framework, these baroclinic wake signatures are linked to the inner core TC dynamic and the ocean stratification. To collect these fine‐scale parameters, spaceborne SAR instruments and Argo fleet are used, to precisely capture the maximum wind region and the irregularities of the ocean vertical structure. This combination of high‐resolution information is found paramount to fully capture the modulation of sea surface height anomalies, and its mean trend, especially for major hurricanes. Baroclinic signatures mostly range around 10–20 cm and peak at 40 cm. Deeper anomalies correspond to barotropic response, removed from the present analysis.
An Observed Relationship Between Satellite‐Estimated Transmittance and Ground‐Estimated Water Vapor: Implications for High‐Temporal‐Resolution Water Vapor Retrieval From Non‐Geostationary Satellite Measurements
Authors: Xu Jiafei , Liu Zhizhao
Published: September 2024

The magnitude of integrated water vapor (IWV) varies considerably in the spatial‐temporal domain, which demonstrates the significance of high‐spatiotemporal‐resolution IWV observations for atmospheric water vapor distribution monitoring, both locally and globally. Unlike previously published algorithms based on data fusion, an empirical retrieval algorithm is for the first time proposed to directly retrieve high‐temporal‐resolution IWV estimates from near‐infrared radiance observations of the non‐geostationary Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI). The retrieval algorithm is developed based on an observed regression relationship between satellite‐based OLCI‐estimated transmittance and ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)‐estimated IWV in the temporal domain. The results show that all newly retrieved IWV estimates have an overall good consistency with ground‐based IWV from additional GNSS‐sensed measurements, indicating the feasibility of the retrieval approach. The performance of the retrieval algorithm is acceptable and satisfactory when compared with that of IWV retrievals listed in previous studies.
Identifying Ionospheric Small‐Scale Currents: A Spatial Correlation Study Using Closely‐Spaced Pairs of Ground Magnetometers
Authors: Gottesman Ari S. , Moldwin Mark B. , McCuen Brett A.
Published: September 2024

The occurrence of small‐scale and intense ionospheric currents that can contribute to geomagnetically induced currents have recently been discovered. A difficulty in their characterization is that their signatures are often only observed at single widely spaced (typically 200–400 km) ground geomagnetic stations. These small‐scale structures motivate the examination of the maximum station separation required to fully characterize these small‐scale signatures. We analyze distributions of correlation coefficients between closely spaced mid‐latitude and auroral zone ground magnetometer stations spanning day to month long intervals to assess the separation distance at which geomagnetic signatures appear in only one station. Distributions were analyzed using periods that included low and high geomagnetic activity. We used data from pairs of magnetometer stations across North America within 200 km of each other, all of which were separated primarily latitudinally. Results show that while measurements remain largely similar up to separations of 200 km, large and frequent differences appear starting at around 130 km separation. Larger differences and lower correlations are observed during high geomagnetic activity, while low geomagnetic activity leads to frequent high correlation even past 200 km separation. Small but identifiable differences can appear in magnetometer data from stations as close as 35 km during high geomagnetic activity. We recommend future magnetometer array deployment in the auroral and sub‐auroral zone to have separations of 100–150 km. This enables the monitoring of large scale effects of geomagnetic storms, better temporal and spatial resolution of substorms, and observations of small‐scale current signatures.
Observing a Volatile Organic Compound From a Geostationary Infrared Sounder: HCOOH From FengYun‐4B/GIIRS
Authors: Zeng Zhao‐Cheng , Franco Bruno , Clarisse Lieven , Lee Lu , Qi Chengli , Lu Feng
Published: September 2024

Formic acid (HCOOH) is one of the most abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Earth's atmosphere and an important source of atmospheric acidity. Here we present the first retrieval of HCOOH from a geostationary orbit using observations from the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) on board FengYun‐4B. The results from July 2022 to June 2023 show the monthly variation of the HCOOH distribution in Asia. In addition, we show that FY‐4B/GIIRS effectively tracks HCOOH enhancements from wildfires both during the day and at night. Finally, inter‐comparison with IASI HCOOH data shows good agreement, indicating that FY‐4B/GIIRS observations have comparable sensitivity to IASI. This study is an important first step toward monitoring VOCs from geostationary infrared sounders, including the existing and future GIIRS on board the FY‐4 series and the forthcoming European geostationary infrared sounder (IRS) on board Meteosat Third Generation (MTG).
Disentangling the Impacts of Environmental Factors on Evaporative Fraction Across Climate Regimes
Authors: Han Qiong , Wang Tiejun , Kong Zhe , Dai Yibin , Wang Lichun
Published: September 2024

Evaporative fraction (EF) is a useful measure for quantifying land surface energy partitioning processes and determining evaporative regimes; however, its influencing factors remain highly uncertain. Here, global data sets were compiled to disentangle the effects of environmental variables on EF variations along climate and land surface gradients. We found that (a) at annual timescales, ecosystem‐level EF could be expressed as a power law function of aridity index. The relationships of mean annual soil water content (SWC) and leaf area index (LAI) with mean annual EF resembled the traditional evaporative regime theory; (b) at daily timescales, the boosted regression tree method quantitatively revealed that the impacts of environmental variables (including meteorological variables) on EF showed equal importance, especially at humid sites, primarily due to the different response direction and magnitude of latent heat (LE) and sensible heat (H) fluxes to environmental changes. Particularly, the contrasting responses of LE (positive) and H (negative) to SWC, LAI, and relative humidity enhanced the positive effects of those influencing variables on EF; whereas, the correlations between EF and energy‐related factors (i.e., net radiation‐Rn and air temperature‐Ta) deteriorated as both LE and H showed positive response patterns to those variables; (c) meteorological factors were also found to have nonlinear effects on daily EF, further modified by climatic conditions. Rn near 150 W/m2 and Ta near 15°C appeared to be important energy‐partitioning thresholds at drier and humid sites, respectively. Moreover, changing interactions among environmental variables with climates were demonstrated to be important for better explaining EF variations.
Non-canonical translation in cancer: significance and therapeutic potential of non-canonical ORFs, m6A-modification, and circular RNAs
Authors: Deng Xiaoyi , Yu Yanxun V. , Jin Youngnam N.
Published: September 2024

Translation is a decoding process that synthesizes proteins from RNA, typically mRNA. The conventional translation process consists of four stages: initiation, elongation, termination, and ribosome recycling. Precise control over the translation mechanism is crucial, as dysregulation in this process is often linked to human diseases such as cancer. Recent discoveries have unveiled translation mechanisms that extend beyond typical well-characterized components like the m7G cap, poly(A)-tail, or translation factors like eIFs. These mechanisms instead utilize atypical elements, such as non-canonical ORF, m6A-modification, and circular RNA, as key components for protein synthesis. Collectively, these mechanisms are classified as non-canonical translations. It is increasingly clear that non-canonical translation mechanisms significantly impact the various regulatory pathways of cancer, including proliferation, tumorigenicity, and the behavior of cancer stem cells. This review explores the involvement of a variety of non-canonical translation mechanisms in cancer biology and provides insights into potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
DDB2 expression lights the way for precision radiotherapy response in PDAC cells, with or without olaparib
Authors: Dardare Julie , Witz Andréa , Betz Margaux , François Aurélie , Lamy Laureline , Husson Marie , Demange Jessica , Rouyer Marie , Lambert Aurélien , Merlin Jean-Louis , Gilson Pauline , Harlé Alexandre
Published: September 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers. Therapeutic options for PDAC are primarily restricted to surgery in the early stages of the disease or chemotherapy in advanced disease. Only a subset of patients with germline defects in BRCA1/2 genes can potentially benefit from personalized therapy, with the PARP inhibitor olaparib serving as a maintenance treatment for metastatic disease. Although the role of radiotherapy in PDAC remains controversial, the use of radiosensitizers offers hope for improving cancer management. Previously, we have shown that damage-specific DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2) is a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker for chemotherapy response in PDAC. In this study, we investigated the function of DDB2 in radiotherapy response, with and without radiosensitization by olaparib in PDAC cells. Our findings demonstrated DDB2 resistance to radiation effects, thereby improving cell survival and enhancing the repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. We observed that DDB2 expression enhances the cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase by phosphorylating Chk1 and Chk2 cell cycle checkpoints. Additionally, we identified a novel link between DDB2 and PARP1 in the context of radiotherapy, which enhances the expression and activity of PARP1. Our findings highlight the potential of low-DDB2 expression to potentiate the radiosensitization effect of olaparib in PDAC cells. Collectively, this study provides novel insights into the impacts of DDB2 in the radiotherapy response in PDAC, enabling its employment as a potential biomarker to predict resistance to radiation. Furthermore, DDB2 represents a significant step forward in precision radiotherapy by widening the scope of patients who can be benefiting from olaparib as a radiosensitizer. Hence, this research has the potential to enrich the limited use of radiotherapy in the care of patients with PDAC.
Predicting COVID-19 booster immunogenicity against future SARS-CoV-2 variants and the benefits of vaccine updates
Authors: Cromer Deborah , Reynaldi Arnold , Mitchell Ainslie , Schlub Timothy E. , Juno Jennifer A. , Wheatley Adam K. , Kent Stephen J. , Khoury David S. , Davenport Miles P.
Published: September 2024

The ongoing evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to a move to update vaccine antigens in 2022 and 2023. These updated antigens were chosen and approved based largely on in vitro neutralisation titres against recent SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, unavoidable delays in vaccine manufacture and distribution meant that the updated booster vaccine was no longer well-matched to the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant by the time of its deployment. Understanding whether the updating of booster vaccine antigens improves immune responses to subsequent SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants is a major priority in justifying future vaccine updates. Here we analyse all available data on the immunogenicity of variants containing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and their ability to neutralise later circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. We find that updated booster antigens give a 1.4-fold [95% CI: 1.07–1.82] greater increase in neutralising antibody levels when compared with a historical vaccine immunogen. We then use this to predict the relative protection that can be expected from an updated vaccine even when the circulating variant has evolved away from the updated vaccine immunogen. These findings help inform the rollout of future booster vaccination programmes.
A hierarchical atlas of the human cerebellum for functional precision mapping
Authors: Nettekoven Caroline , Zhi Da , Shahshahani Ladan , Pinho Ana Luísa , Saadon-Grosman Noam , Buckner Randy Lee , Diedrichsen Jörn
Published: September 2024

The human cerebellum is activated by a wide variety of cognitive and motor tasks. Previous functional atlases have relied on single task-based or resting-state fMRI datasets. Here, we present a functional atlas that integrates information from seven large-scale datasets, outperforming existing group atlases. The atlas has three further advantages. First, the atlas allows for precision mapping in individuals: the integration of the probabilistic group atlas with an individual localizer scan results in a marked improvement in prediction of individual boundaries. Second, we provide both asymmetric and symmetric versions of the atlas. The symmetric version, which is obtained by constraining the boundaries to be the same across hemispheres, is especially useful in studying functional lateralization. Finally, the regions are hierarchically organized across three levels, allowing analyses at the appropriate level of granularity. Overall, the present atlas is an important resource for the study of the interdigitated functional organization of the human cerebellum in health and disease.
High power density redox-mediated Shewanella microbial flow fuel cells
Authors: Zhang Leyuan , Zhang Yucheng , Liu Yang , Wang Sibo , Lee Calvin K. , Huang Yu , Duan Xiangfeng
Published: September 2024

Microbial fuel cells utilize exoelectrogenic microorganisms to directly convert organic matter into electricity, offering a compelling approach for simultaneous power generation and wastewater treatment. However, conventional microbial fuel cells typically require thick biofilms for sufficient metabolic electron production rate, which inevitably compromises mass and charge transport, posing a fundamental tradeoff that limits the achievable power density (<1 mW cm−2). Herein, we report a concept for redox-mediated microbial flow fuel cells that utilizes artificial redox mediators in a flowing medium to efficiently transfer metabolic electrons from planktonic bacteria to electrodes. This approach effectively overcomes mass and charge transport limitations, substantially reducing internal resistance. The biofilm-free microbial flow fuel cell thus breaks the inherent tradeoff in dense biofilms, resulting in a maximum current density surpassing 40 mA cm−2 and a highest power density exceeding 10 mW cm−2, approximately one order of magnitude higher than those of state-of-the-art microbial fuel cells.
Concurrent oxygen evolution reaction pathways revealed by high-speed compressive Raman imaging
Authors: Pandya Raj , Dorchies Florian , Romanin Davide , Lemineur Jean-François , Kanoufi Frédéric , Gigan Sylvain , Chin Alex W. , de Aguiar Hilton B. , Grimaud Alexis
Published: September 2024

Transition metal oxides are state-of-the-art materials for catalysing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), whose slow kinetics currently limit the efficiency of water electrolysis. However, microscale physicochemical heterogeneity between particles, dynamic reactions both in the bulk and at the surface, and an interplay between particle reactivity and electrolyte makes probing the OER challenging. Here, we overcome these limitations by applying state-of-the-art compressive Raman imaging to uncover concurrent bias-dependent pathways for the OER in a dense, crystalline electrocatalyst, α-Li2IrO3. By spatially and temporally tracking changes in stretching modes we follow catalytic activation and charge accumulation following ion exchange under various electrolytes and cycling conditions, comparing our observations with other crystalline catalysts (IrO2, LiCoO2). We demonstrate that at low overpotentials the reaction between water and the oxidized catalyst surface is compensated by bulk ion exchange, as usually only found for amorphous, electrolyte permeable, catalysts. At high overpotentials the charge is compensated by surface redox active sites, as in other crystalline catalysts such as IrO2. Hence, our work reveals charge compensation can extend beyond the surface in crystalline catalysts. More generally, the results highlight the power of compressive Raman imaging for chemically specific tracking of microscale reaction dynamics in catalysts, battery materials, or memristors.
Hydroxylated TiO2-induced high-density Ni clusters for breaking the activity-selectivity trade-off of CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Cong-Xiao , Liu Hao-Xin , Gu Hao , Li Jin-Ying , Lai Xiao-Meng , Fu Xin-Pu , Wang Wei-Wei , Fu Qiang , Wang Feng Ryan , Ma Chao , Jia Chun-Jiang
Published: September 2024

The reverse water gas shift reaction can be considered as a promising route to mitigate global warming by converting CO2 into syngas in a large scale, while it is still challenging for non-Cu-based catalysts to break the trade-off between activity and selectivity. Here, the relatively high loading of Ni species is highly dispersed on hydroxylated TiO2 through the strong Ni and −OH interactions, thereby inducing the formation of rich and stable Ni clusters (~1 nm) on anatase TiO2 during the reverse water gas shift reaction. This Ni cluster/TiO2 catalyst shows a simultaneous high CO2 conversion and high CO selectivity. Comprehensive characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate Ni cluster/TiO2 interfacial sites with strong CO2 activation capacity and weak CO adsorption are responsible for its unique catalytic performances. This work disentangles the activity-selectivity trade-off of the reverse water gas shift reaction, and emphasizes the importance of metal−OH interactions on surface.
Generalizability assessment of AI models across hospitals in a low-middle and high income country
Authors: Yang Jenny , Dung Nguyen Thanh , Thach Pham Ngoc , Phong Nguyen Thanh , Phu Vu Dinh , Phu Khiem Dong , Yen Lam Minh , Thy Doan Bui Xuan , Soltan Andrew A. S. , Thwaites Louise , Clifton David A.
Published: September 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare systems within low-middle income countries (LMICs) has emerged as a central focus for various initiatives aiming to improve healthcare access and delivery quality. In contrast to high-income countries (HICs), which often possess the resources and infrastructure to adopt innovative healthcare technologies, LMICs confront resource limitations such as insufficient funding, outdated infrastructure, limited digital data, and a shortage of technical expertise. Consequently, many algorithms initially trained on data from non-LMIC settings are now being employed in LMIC contexts. However, the effectiveness of these systems in LMICs can be compromised when the unique local contexts and requirements are not adequately considered. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of utilizing models developed in the United Kingdom (a HIC) within hospitals in Vietnam (a LMIC). Consequently, we present and discuss practical methodologies aimed at improving model performance, emphasizing the critical importance of tailoring solutions to the distinct healthcare systems found in LMICs. Our findings emphasize the necessity for collaborative initiatives and solutions that are sensitive to the local context in order to effectively tackle the healthcare challenges that are unique to these regions.
Potent pollen gene regulation by DNA glycosylases in maize
Authors: Zeng Yibing , Somers Julian , Bell Harrison S. , Vejlupkova Zuzana , Kelly Dawe R. , Fowler John E. , Nelms Brad , Gent Jonathan I.
Published: September 2024

Although DNA methylation primarily represses TEs, it also represses select genes that are methylated in plant body tissues but demethylated by DNA glycosylases (DNGs) in endosperm or pollen. Either one of two DNGs, MATERNAL DEREPRESSION OF R1 (MDR1) or DNG102, is essential for pollen viability in maize. Using single-pollen mRNA sequencing on pollen-segregating mutations in both genes, we identify 58 candidate DNG target genes that account for 11.1% of the wild-type transcriptome but are silent or barely detectable in other tissues. They are unusual in their tendency to lack introns but even more so in their TE-like methylation (teM) in coding DNA. The majority have predicted functions in cell wall modification, and they likely support the rapid tip growth characteristic of pollen tubes. These results suggest a critical role for DNA methylation and demethylation in regulating maize genes with the potential for extremely high expression in pollen but constitutive silencing elsewhere.
BRCA2 stabilises RAD51 and DMC1 nucleoprotein filaments through a conserved interaction mode
Authors: Dunce James M. , Davies Owen R.
Published: September 2024

BRCA2 is essential for DNA repair by homologous recombination in mitosis and meiosis. It interacts with recombinases RAD51 and DMC1 to facilitate the formation of nucleoprotein filaments on resected DNA ends that catalyse recombination-mediated repair. BRCA2’s BRC repeats bind and disrupt RAD51 and DMC1 filaments, whereas its PhePP motifs bind recombinases and stabilise their nucleoprotein filaments. However, the mechanism of filament stabilisation has hitherto remained unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of a BRCA2-DMC1 complex, revealing how core interaction sites of PhePP motifs bind to recombinases. The interaction mode is conserved for RAD51 and DMC1, which selectively bind to BRCA2’s two distinct PhePP motifs via subtly divergent binding pockets. PhePP motif sequences surrounding their core interaction sites protect nucleoprotein filaments from BRC-mediated disruption. Hence, we report the structural basis of how BRCA2’s PhePP motifs stabilise RAD51 and DMC1 nucleoprotein filaments for their essential roles in mitotic and meiotic recombination.
Vitessce: integrative visualization of multimodal and spatially resolved single-cell data
Authors: Keller Mark S. , Gold Ilan , McCallum Chuck , Manz Trevor , Kharchenko Peter V. , Gehlenborg Nils
Published: September 2024

Multiomics technologies with single-cell and spatial resolution make it possible to measure thousands of features across millions of cells. However, visual analysis of high-dimensional transcriptomic, proteomic, genome-mapped and imaging data types simultaneously remains a challenge. Here we describe Vitessce, an interactive web-based visualization framework for exploration of multimodal and spatially resolved single-cell data. We demonstrate integrative visualization of millions of data points, including cell-type annotations, gene expression quantities, spatially resolved transcripts and cell segmentations, across multiple coordinated views. The open-source software is available at http://vitessce.io.
A chromosome-scale reference genome of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus)
Authors: Vigouroux Marielle , Novák Petr , Oliveira Ludmila Cristina , Santos Carmen , Cheema Jitender , Wouters Roland H. M. , Paajanen Pirita , Vickers Martin , Koblížková Andrea , Vaz Patto Maria Carlota , Macas Jiří , Steuernagel Burkhard , Martin Cathie , Emmrich Peter M. F.
Published: September 2024

Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an underutilised but promising legume crop with tolerance to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stress factors, and potential for climate-resilient agriculture. Despite a long history and wide geographical distribution of cultivation, only limited breeding resources are available. This paper reports a 5.96 Gbp genome assembly of grasspea genotype LS007, of which 5.03 Gbp is scaffolded into 7 pseudo-chromosomes. The assembly has a BUSCO completeness score of 99.1% and is annotated with 31719 gene models and repeat elements. This represents the most contiguous and accurate assembly of the grasspea genome to date.
High-throughput dataset of impurity adsorption on common catalysts in biomass upgrading applications
Authors: Nolen Michelle A. , Tacey Sean A. , Arellano-Treviño Martha A. , Van Allsburg Kurt M. , Farberow Carrie A.
Published: September 2024

An extensive dataset consisting of adsorption energies of pernicious impurities present in biomass upgrading processes on common catalysts and support materials has been generated. This work aims to inform catalyst and process development for the conversion of biomass-derived feedstocks to fuels and chemicals. A high-throughput workflow was developed to execute density functional theory calculations for a diverse set of atomic (Al, B, Ca, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, P, S, Si, Zn) and molecular (COS, H2S, HCl, HCN, K2O, KCl, NH3) species on 35 unique surfaces for transition-metal (Ag, Au, Co, Cu, Fe, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru) and metal-oxide (Al2O3, MgO, anatase-TiO2, rutile-TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2) catalysts and supports. Approximately 3,000 unique adsorption geometries and corresponding adsorption energies were obtained.
NPreciSe - An Automated Satellite Precipitation Product Assessment Tool
Authors: Arulraj Malarvizhi , Petković Veljko , Wen Susan , Ferraro Ralph R. , Meng Huan
Published: September 2024

Satellite-based Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) are indirect estimates of precipitation rates and as such are often prone to errors, warranting a need for characterizing the associated uncertainties before being used in application-specific studies. Moreover, multiple satellite-based QPE products are offered through different agencies, each with their own specifications, formats and requirements, posing a challenge to understanding the products uncertainties. This manuscript presents a standardized validation system named NPreciSe – NOAA Satellite-based Precipitation Validation System, which assesses the performance of satellite-based precipitation products in near real-time over the continental United States. NPreciSe is coupled with a user-interactive web platform and built using an open-source software, Python. It is structured to help (1) the end-users determine the best satellite QPE for their specific application, and (2) the algorithm developers identify systematic biases in QPE retrievals. This manuscript presents the capabilities of the NPreciSe, discusses the methodology adopted in developing the standardized validation system, and introduces the web portal.
An Experimental and Clinical Physiological Signal Dataset for Automated Pain Recognition
Authors: Gouverneur Philip , Badura Aleksandra , Li Frédéric , Bieńkowska Maria , Luebke Luisa , Adamczyk Wacław M. , Szikszay Tibor M. , Myśliwiec Andrzej , Luedtke Kerstin , Grzegorzek Marcin , Piętka Ewa
Published: September 2024

Access to large amounts of data is essential for successful machine learning research. However, there is insufficient data for many applications, as data collection is often challenging and time-consuming. The same applies to automated pain recognition, where algorithms aim to learn associations between a level of pain and behavioural or physiological responses. Although machine learning models have shown promise in improving the current gold standard of pain monitoring (self-reports) only a handful of datasets are freely accessible to researchers. This paper presents the PainMonit Dataset for automated pain detection using physiological data. The dataset consists of two parts, as pain can be perceived differently depending on its underlying cause. (1) Pain was triggered by heat stimuli in an experimental study during which nine physiological sensor modalities (BVP, 2×EDA, skin temperature, ECG, EMG, IBI, HR, respiration) were recorded from 55 healthy subjects. (2) Eight modalities (2×BVP, 2×EDA, EMG, skin temperature, respiration, grip) were recorded from 49 participants to assess their pain during a physiotherapy session.
G protein coupled receptor transcripts in human immune cells and platelets
Authors: Hansen Arne , Martin Daniel , Langer Florian , Harrison Kathleen , Kehrl John , Cicala Claudia , Martinelli Elena , Brownstein Michael J. , Mezey Eva
Published: September 2024

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are encoded by nonabundant mRNAs, and it is difficult to detect them reliably with the highly parallel methods that are in general use. Because of this, we developed and validated a sensitive, specific, semi-quantitative method for detecting these transcripts. We have used the method to profile GPCR transcripts in white blood cells (WBCs)–B, CD4, CD8, NK, and dendritic cells; monocytes, and macrophage-like monocytes treated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor–as well as platelets. On average, the white cells studied expressed 160 receptor mRNAs (range, 123–206). Platelets made 69. Some, but far from all, of the receptors we found have been detected earlier. We believe our data should stimulate studies of receptor function and contribute to drug development.
Temporal dynamics in psychological assessments: a novel dataset with scales and response times
Authors: Su Zhao , Liu Rongxun , Wei Yange , Zhang Ran , Xu Xiao , Wang Yang , Zhu Yue , Wang Lifei , Liang Lijuan , Wang Fei , Zhang Xizhe
Published: September 2024

The growing prevalence of mental health issues underscores the need for innovative screening methods. Large-scale, internet-based psychological screening has emerged as a vital tool to accurately determine morbidity rates and facilitate early diagnosis of mental disorders. However, conventional psychological screening methods often struggle with non-genuine responses and lack objective metrics. To bridge this gap, we have compiled a novel dataset derived from an expansive screening initiative at Xinxiang Medical University. The study, conducted from February 27 to March 17, 2021, yielded a dataset comprising responses from 24,292 students to four well-established psychological scales—PHQ-9, GAD-7, ISI, and PSS. A distinctive feature of this dataset is the inclusion of response time data, which captures the temporal dynamics of participants’ interactions with the scales, offering valuable insights into their response behaviour. The release of this dataset offers a substantial opportunity for researchers in the domains of psychology and public health to explore new insights into mental health, scale reliability, and the dynamics of psychological assessment.
A novel isothermal whole genome sequencing approach for Monkeypox Virus
Authors: Licheri Matthias , Licheri Manon Flore , Probst Lukas , Sägesser Cora , Bittel Pascal , Suter-Riniker Franziska , Dijkman Ronald
Published: September 2024

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the zoonotic agent responsible for mpox, an often-self-limiting pox-like disease. Since May 2022, an outbreak characterized by increased human-to-human transmission was detected outside the endemic regions. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has been successfully used to keep track of viral evolution during outbreaks or for surveillance of multiple pathogens of public health significance. Current WGS protocols for MPXV are either based on metagenomic sequencing or tiled-PCR amplification. The latter allows multiplexing due to the efficient enrichment of the viral DNA, however, mutations or the presence of different clades can negatively influence genome coverage yield. Here, we present the establishment of a novel isothermal WGS method for MPXV based on Phi29 DNA polymerase-based multiple displacement amplification (MDA) properties making use of only 6 primers. This approach yielded from 88% up to 100% genome coverage using either alkaline denatured extracted DNA or clinical material as starting material, with the highest coverage generated by clinical material. We demonstrate that this novel isothermal WGS protocol is suitable for monitoring viral evolution during MPXV outbreaks and surveillance in any conventional laboratory setting.
Universal neural networks for real-time earthquake early warning trained with generalized earthquakes
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Zhang Miao
Published: September 2024

Deep learning enhances earthquake monitoring capabilities by mining seismic waveforms directly. However, current neural networks, trained within specific areas, face challenges in generalizing to diverse regions. Here, we employ a data recombination method to create generalized earthquakes occurring at any location with arbitrary station distributions for neural network training. The trained models can then be applied universally with different monitoring setups for earthquake detection and parameter evaluation from continuous seismic waveform streams. This allows real-time Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) to be initiated at the very early stages of an occurring earthquake. When applied to substantial earthquake sequences across Japan and California (US), our models reliably report most earthquake locations and magnitudes within 4 seconds of the initial P-wave arrival, with mean errors of 2.6-7.3 km and 0.05-0.32, respectively. The generalized neural networks facilitate global applications of real-time EEW, eliminating complex empirical configurations typically required by traditional methods.
The TrkC-PTPσ complex governs synapse maturation and anxiogenic avoidance via synaptic protein phosphorylation
Authors: Khaled Husam , Ghasemi Zahra , Inagaki Mai , Patel Kyle , Naito Yusuke , Feller Benjamin , Yi Nayoung , Bourojeni Farin B , Lee Alfred Kihoon , Chofflet Nicolas , Kania Artur , Kosako Hidetaka , Tachikawa Masanori , Connor Steven , Takahashi Hideto
Published: September 2024

The precise organization of pre- and postsynaptic terminals is crucial for normal synaptic function in the brain. In addition to its canonical role as a neurotrophin-3 receptor tyrosine kinase, postsynaptic TrkC promotes excitatory synapse organization through interaction with presynaptic receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase PTPσ. To isolate the synaptic organizer function of TrkC from its role as a neurotrophin-3 receptor, we generated mice carrying TrkC point mutations that selectively abolish PTPσ binding. The excitatory synapses in mutant mice had abnormal synaptic vesicle clustering and postsynaptic density elongation, more silent synapses, and fewer active synapses, which additionally exhibited enhanced basal transmission with impaired release probability. Alongside these phenotypes, we observed aberrant synaptic protein phosphorylation, but no differences in the neurotrophin signaling pathway. Consistent with reports linking these aberrantly phosphorylated proteins to neuropsychiatric disorders, mutant TrkC knock-in mice displayed impaired social responses and increased avoidance behavior. Thus, through its regulation of synaptic protein phosphorylation, the TrkC–PTPσ complex is crucial for the maturation, but not formation, of excitatory synapses in vivo.
Exhaled breath of children swimmers conveniently collected in Teflon bags and used for trihalomethane determination by SPME-GC-MS
Authors: Wang Shunan , Zhou Run , Xu Lingling , Hao Yamei , Zhang Xi , Chen Limei , Zhu Xun , Zhu Pengfei , Ding Xinliang
Published: September 2024

A convenient method for exhaled breath collection, and a simple and high-precision SPME-GC-MS method for quantification of THMs concentration in exhaled breath were established.
Dinuclear lanthanide molecular magnetic materials bridged by tetrazine derivatives containing N6 and N8 atom sites display slow magnetic relaxation behavior
Authors: Chen Ji-Tun , Guo Rui , Zhang Yi-Quan , Sun Wen-Bin
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the dihydro-tetrazine ligand is used for the first time to bridge with lanthanide ions to construct binuclear SMMs with TB up to 5.5 K, which is one of the highest for non-radical tetrazine-bridged lanthanide SMMs.
Investigations on the complexation and binding mechanism of bovine serum albumin with Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Lokolkar Manjunath , Udnoor Abhishek , Ali Mohd Sajid , Katrahalli Umesha , Kalasad Muttanagoud N. , Al-Lohedan Hamad A. , Hadagali Manjunatha Devagondanahalli
Published: September 2024

Interaction studies of new Ag-doped TiO2 NPs with BSA were conducted using spectroscopic techniques.
Copper complexation of rosarin: formation of bis-copper rosarin and mono-copper linear tridipyrrin complexes
Authors: Lv Xiaojuan , Qian Long , Tkachenko Nikolay V. , Zhang Tao , Qiu Fengxian , Aratani Naoki , Ikeue Takahisa , Pan Jianming , Xue Songlin
Published: September 2024

Novel bis-copper rosarin and mono-copper linear tridipyrrin complexes were synthesized. The first HER study of 2Cu-1 indicated that the multi-metal polypyrrolic complexes are promising molecular hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts.
Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of cation-doped titanium oxynitrides (Ti2.85−xMxO4N, M = Zn, Co, Cu)
Authors: Gao Qijing , Shi Wenyan , Chen Wenqian
Published: September 2024

Visible light utilization in photocatalytic semiconductors is limited by a wide band gap and fast recombination. Cu/N co-doping of Cs0.68Ti1.83O4 modulates the band gap, boosting light absorption and pollutant degradation.
In situ polymerization of fluorinated electrolytes for high-voltage and long-cycling solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Lu Yunpei , Zhang Xinyi , Wu Yong , Cheng Hao , Lu Yingying
Published: September 2024

This work explores the underlying mechanisms of how in situ polymerized fluorinated electrolytes enhance interface stability and their impact on high-voltage and long-cycling lithium metal batteries, proposing strategies for current challenges.
Quantification of technetium-99 in wastewater by means of automated on-line extraction chromatography – anion-exchange chromatography – inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
Authors: Horstmann Maximilian , Quarles C. Derrick , Happel Steffen , Sperling Michael , Faust Andreas , Clases David , Karst Uwe
Published: September 2024

Ultratrace concentrations of pertechnetate are determined by preconcentration on a dedicated resin and anion exchange chromatography with ICP-MS detection.
An ensemble model for rapid quantitative determination of vanadium (V) in petroleum coke by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Du Hongkun , Sun Tengfei , Ke Shaoying , Qi Dongfeng , Zhang Wei , Wei Juan , Yang Bing , Zheng Hongyu
Published: September 2024

Precise detection and analysis of trace elements in materials are critical for various industrial applications.
Novel curcumin-based analogues as potential VEGFR2 inhibitors with promising metallic loading nanoparticles: synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modelling investigation
Authors: Yassen Asmaa S. A. , Abdel-Wahab Sherief M. , Darwish Khaled M. , Nafie Mohamed S. , Abdelhameed Reda F. A. , El-Sayyad Gharieb S. , El-Batal Ahmed I. , Attia Khadiga M. , Elshihawy Hosam A. , Elrayess Ranza
Published: September 2024

Targeting VEGFR2, compound 4e and its Fe2O3-humic acid-NPs could be further developed as promising anti-breast cancer agents.
Adsorption–photocatalytic synergistic removal of MB by peanut shell biochar-supported TiO2/Ce–C3N4 heterojunctions
Authors: Li Xiao-fang , Zhang Juan-juan , Feng Xiao-qiang
Published: September 2024

BC/TCN-x composites exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity and structural stability, which make them viable materials for a variety of environmental and energy-related applications.
Syntheses and coordination chemistry of thiosemicarbazone-based titanium complexes
Authors: Schwitalla Kevin , Claußen Marie , Schmidtmann Marc , Beckhaus Rüdiger
Published: September 2024

The formation of neutral and ionic thiosemicarbazone-based titanium complexes is reported.
Remote controlled supramolecular switching using a ring-substituted peri-naphthoindigo derivative
Authors: Debnath Indraneel , Roy Tirupati , Mahata Kingsuk
Published: September 2024

Guest-induced supramolecular switching in an organic solvent was done remotely by making change at an adjacent aqueous layer.
Fabrication of a ZnFe2O4@Co/Ni-MOF nanocomposite and photocatalytic degradation study of azo dyes
Authors: Javed Khalid , Abbas Naseem , Bilal Muhammad , Alshihri Abdulaziz A. , Rab Nawaz Hafiza Zahra , Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy , Naqvi Syed Ali Raza
Published: September 2024

This study addresses the critical issue of removing organic pollutants from water, focusing on the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red (CR) dye using a novel ZnFe2O4@Co–Ni metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocomposite (ZFCNM).
Photothermal effectiveness of microporous carbon nanospheres incorporated with polysulfone in direct contact membrane distillation
Authors: Morad Moataz , Fahmi Mohamed S. , Subaihi Abdu , Alotaibi Mohammed T. , Shahat Ahmed , Ali Mohamed E. A.
Published: September 2024

Carbon nano-spheres (CNS) were synthesizedviaa hydrothermal method usingd-glucose as a precursor, followed by pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Synthesis, structural characterization, and theoretical analysis of novel zinc(ii) schiff base complexes with halogen and hydrogen bonding interactions
Authors: Gishan Md , Middya Puspendu , Drew Michael G. B. , Frontera Antonio , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: September 2024

Different supramolecular interactions in the solid state structures of three zinc(ii) Schiff base complexes have been analyzed using DFT calculations and a variety of computational tools (MEP, QTAIM and NCIplot).
Next-generation red ultra-bright fluorescent dyes for nuclear imaging and peripheral blood leukocytes sorting
Authors: Li Zipeng , Liu Zheng , Yu Ding , Yao Qichao , Ma Wanying , Zhang Changyu , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun
Published: September 2024

The red ultra-bright nuclear-targeted dye BPC1 was developed. BPC1 exhibits ultrahigh fluorescence brightness and exceptional cell permeability, enabling the visualization of nucleus by substantially lower doses (100 nM) and lower laser power.
Leveraging molybdenum sulfur compounds as catalysts for the synthesis of biobased poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) and recycling
Authors: Razinkov Dmitrii , Agostinho Beatriz , Suman Sigridur G. , Sousa Andreia F.
Published: September 2024

Two safe dinuclear Mo complexes with non-rigid bidentate phosphinoyldithio formate ligands, differing in phosphorus substituents, were demonstrated for the first time to enable both synthesis and recycling of PEF.
Laminator trust in human–robot collaboration for manufacturing fibre‐reinforced composites
Authors: Pickard Laura Rhian , Elkington Michael
Published: September 2024

Fibre‐reinforced composites manufacturing is a large and growing industry, with much of the work carried out manually by skilled human laminators. The physical nature of the work can be significantly deleterious to these workers' health, while growing demand requires increased rates of manufacture. Human–robot collaborative manufacturing offers a potential solution but requires the human to feel confident working with the robot and trust that they will be safe. Successful human trials of two different approaches to collaborative lay‐up of fibre‐reinforced plastic composites are presented, with tasks representative of manufacturing challenges in industry. Volunteer responses are measured by questionnaires, with users reporting the processes to be safe, simple to use and allowing greater ease of manufacturing than manual‐only lay‐up.
Research on interface charge behaviour and electrical threshold in layered epoxy/paper composites: From experiment to simulation
Authors: Xu Tianlei , Pang Xi , Xie Zongliang , Liu Peng , Peng Zongren
Published: September 2024

Layered epoxy/paper composites that exhibit excellent insulating characteristics under elevated electrification and temperature conditions are essential components for power system insulation. Yet, inevitable charge accumulation occurs at hetero interfaces between layers due to interfacial polarisation and interface barrier effect, bringing about local electric field distortion and potential risk of partial discharge. A fundamental challenge is either to obtain accurate interface charge behaviours of in‐service multi‐layer insulating composites, or to construct verified simulating models for replacing experiments. Herein, a modified bipolar charge transport model to simulate interface charge behaviours in layered composites is proposed. With model parameters directly originated from equivalent experiments (e.g. conduction current measurement, thermally stimulated depolarisation current testing, and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy) of epoxy/paper composites, the simulated temperature‐dependent interface charge characteristics match well with pulsed electro‐acoustic results. Furthermore, electrical thresholds can also be accurately calculated using such models (maximum deviation of 8.44% from experimental results), providing references for optimised insulation structural design.