bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement in Power of Shingled Solar Cells for Photo-Voltaic Module
Authors: Jee Hongsub , Song Jinho , Moon Daehan , Lee Jaehyeong , Jeong Chaehwan
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a study on the effects of heat treatment conditions on electrically conductive adhesives. Among the advantages of the shingled solar cells include larger active area and smaller current density since one of the main factors of the power loss is due to a decrease
in current density. Therefore, when there is a small current, there is a benefit in regards to the power loss. The advantage of this new technique of developing photovoltaic modules is the increase of module power using the same installed area. Electrically conductive adhesives play an important
role in the manufacture of shingled solar cells and understanding the effects of its curing condition is necessary to maximize its output power. Through changing the curing time and temperature, the optimized curing conditions for electrically conductive adhesives and fabricated shingled strings
for development of a module could be established. Finally, we demonstrated a 500 mm × 500 mm photovoltaic module with a conventional and the other using the shingled method for purposes of comparison and a shingled module showed about 29% increase in maximum output power compared to
a conventional module with the same installed area.
Analysis of Resistance According to Metal Ribbon Connection for Application to Interconnection of Shingled Photovoltaic Strings
Authors: Oh WonJe , Park JiSu , Kwon Minsoo , Lee Jaehyeong , Kim EungKwon , Park Yongseob , Jeong Chaehwan
Published: June 2020

The Shingle Photovoltaic (PV) module is a new high power PV module technology manufactured by ’Dividing and ECA (Electrical Conductivity Adhesive) bonding’ method for solar cell. In the case of a general PV module, a metal ribbon is soldered on the bus bar of the solar cell
and connected to others. The dividing/ECA bonding technology connects the divided cells through bonding to manufacture a string. In order to make a module, the fabricated strings must be connected with Bus ribbon. The Shingled strings produced by the dividing and bonding method are not limited
to the interconnection method by the metal ribbon. Also, it is not standardized for interconnections between strings. Therefore, we analyzed the characteristics of the shingled strings according to the soldering method. The characteristics of the string vary depending on the number of metal
ribbons that contact the solar cell electrodes. Experimental results show that the series resistance increases significantly with fewer contacts. As a result, the efficiency of two-point contact decreased by 0.458%, four-point contact decreased by 0.048%, and eight-point contact decreased
by 0.034%. This is because as the number of contacts increases, the resistance of the busbars becomes smaller and the contact resistance becomes smaller.
Change of Phase Transition Temperature in Band Engineered Ferroelectric Lanthanum-Modified Bismuth Titanates
Authors: Tang Rui , Kim Sangmo , Bark Chung Wung
Published: June 2020

The ferroelectric material chosen for a solar cell has to absorb as much of the solar spectrum as possible, therefore a low band gap is desirable, but it is rarely known for phase transition temperature on the bandgap engineered ferroelectric materials. The phase transition temperature
of a ferroelectric material can be determined by monitoring its dielectric constant with increasing temperature, as the dielectric constant changes abruptly at the phase transition temperature. Here, we inform the measurement of the phase transition temperature of the ferroelectric complex
oxide Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 as well as cobalt and iron doped Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 bulk ceramics for photovoltaic cells based on dielectric monitoring with changing temperature. We synthesized lanthanum-modified
bismuth-titanate-based ceramics with various doping concentrations transition metal to Ti. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all the compounds crystallized in an orthorhombic structure. Their morphologies and size distributions were observed using scanning electron microscopy. From
the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy absorption spectra of the synthesized powder, bandgaps were checked. An inductance-capacitance-resistance meter was used to obtain the relationship between dielectric responses and the temperature of the targets in a tube furnace. We observed that the dielectric
constant increases gradually with increasing temperature, until the transition temperature and subsequently decreases, and we were able to determine the phase transition temperatures of the tested materials. Furthermore, the results revealed that all the doped bismuth titanates keep their
phase transition temperatures, which were sufficiently high, to maintain their ferroelectric properties above room temperature.
Managing for a Changing Climate: A Blended Interdisciplinary Climate Course
Authors: Martin Elinor , McPherson Renee , Kuster Emma , Bamzai-Dodson Aparna
Published: June 2020

We developed a blended (or hybrid) interactive course—Managing for a Changing Climate—that provides a holistic view of climate change. The course results from communication with university students and natural and cultural resource managers as well as the need for educational efforts aimed at the public, legislators, and decision-makers. Content includes the components of the physical climate system, natural climate variability, anthropogenic drivers of climate change, climate models and projections, climate assessments, energy economics, environmental policy, vulnerabilities to climate hazards, impacts of climate change, and decision-making related to climate adaptation and mitigation efforts. To convey most of the content, the course-development team created over 50 short videos (3–10 min each) in partnership with experts from a variety of academic, government, and industry institutions. The blended course has been offered as an upper-division, undergraduate course in the Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability and School of Meteorology (four times) and College of International Studies (in Italy, once) at the University of Oklahoma with over 100 total students. The course has also been presented online-only at no cost to the participants in four fall semesters with over 1,000 total registrations. Videos created for this course are freely available on the YouTube page of the South Central Climate Adaptation Science Center. This course and its associated materials comprise high-quality, formal climate training and education that can be adapted to other formal and informal education settings beyond the walls of the university.
General and specific perceptions of procedural justice: Factors associated with perceptions of police and court responses to domestic and family violence
Authors: Meyer Silke , Williamson Harley
Published: June 2020

Improving criminal justice responses to domestic and family violence is a key focus within many policy and practice reforms. The efficacy of police and court responses to domestic and family violence is central because of the role of police as first responders and courts in issuing protection orders, imposing sanctions and ensuring perpetrator cooperation and accountability. To promote compliance and satisfaction with criminal justice outcomes, a large body of research points to the role of procedural justice. This study draws on survey and administrative data from an Australian jurisdiction to examine perceptions of procedural justice in specific domestic and family violence-related encounters. Findings and implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Indexing surface smoothness and fiber softness by sound frequency analysis for textile clustering and classification
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Youn Seonyoung , Choi Jeein , Kim Hyeonji , Shim Myounghee , Yun Changsang
Published: June 2020

Cutting-edge technology is being used in the fashion industry for three-dimensional (3D) virtual fitting programs to meet the demand for clothing manufacturing as well as textile simulating. For expanding the textile choices of the program users, this research looks at the indexation of tactile sensations, the texture of fabrics, which has been subjectively evaluated by the human hand. Firstly, this study objectively measured and indexed the surface smoothness and fiber softness of 749 fabrics through a tissue softness analyzer that mimics human hands. Secondly, after statistical analyses of the drape coefficient, each bending distance and Young's modulus for the initial tensile strength in the warp–weft directions, the thickness, and the weight of the fabrics, it was found that drape (Pearson coefficient = 0.532) and bending properties are the key factors in the fabric surface smoothness (TS750), while the fiber softness (TS7) showed a weak correlation with thickness (Pearson coefficient = 0.364), followed by the log value of the Young's modulus in the weft direction. Thirdly, we classified nine clusters for TS750 based on the 11 regression variables with significant Pearson coefficients, and characterized each cluster in order of surface smoothness (TS750) after Duncan post-hoc tests and analyses of variance (all statistically significant, p < 0.01) with microscopic surface images of one sample for each cluster. For precise TS750 classification, we finally trained the 267 samples with the same 11 variables, resulting in 93.3% prediction through an artificial neural network with multiple hidden layers. This prediction with Fisher discriminants for the clusters will enable the 3D virtual program users to predict further clustering of newly added fabrics.
Book review: Zoya Hasan, Agitation to Legislation: Negotiating Equity and Justice in India
Authors: Chandhoke Neera
Published: June 2020

Zoya Hasan, Agitation to Legislation: Negotiating Equity and Justice in India. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2018, 178 pp., ₹675, ISBN: 9780199482177 (Hardcover).
Zosteriform multidermatomal nodules and plaques in a case of lepromatous leprosy: an uncommon presentation
Authors: Mathachan Sinu R , Sardana Kabir , Ahuja Arvind , Lavania Mallika , Agrawal Diksha
Published: June 2020

Leprosy is caused by the obligate intracellular organism Mycobacterium leprae which mainly affects the skin and nervous system. The course of the disease is determined by host immunity, it is thus believed that in lepromatous leprosy (LL), all manifestations are bilaterally symmetrical. This is because of the inability of the host to mount an adequate cell-mediated immune response, resulting in widespread haematogenous dissemination of bacilli. Varied manifestations of LL have been reported; however, a multidermatomal pattern of nodules is hitherto unreported and we suggest a hypothesis for its presentation.
A domain knowledge graph construction method based on Wikipedia
Authors: Yu Haoze , Li Haisheng , Mao Dianhui , Cai Qiang
Published: June 2020

In order to achieve real-time updating of the domain knowledge graph and improve the relationship extraction ability in the construction process, a domain knowledge graph construction method is proposed. Based on the structured knowledge in Wikipedia’s classification system, we acquire concepts and instances contained in subject areas. A relationship extraction algorithm based on co-word analysis is intended to extract the classification relationships in semi-structured open labels. A Bi-GRU remote supervised relationship extraction model based on a multiple-scale attention mechanism and an improved cross-entropy loss function is proposed to obtain the non-classification relationships of concepts in unstructured texts. Experiments show that the proposed model performs better than the existing methods. Based on the obtained concepts, instances and relationships, a domain knowledge graph is constructed and the domain-independent nodes and relationships contained in them are removed through a vector variance algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by constructing a food domain knowledge graph based on Wikipedia.
Systematic Review of Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation in Children With X‐Linked Deafness‐2
Authors: Smith Joshua D. , El‐Kashlan Nour , Darr Owen A. F. , Thorne Marc C.
Published: June 2020

Objective

Outcomes following cochlear implantation in children with X‐linked deafness‐2 are variable, resulting in challenges in appropriate preoperative counseling. To address this uncertainty, we performed a systematic review and synthesis of the literature on audiologic and speech outcomes after cochlear implantation in these patients to inform prognostic counseling.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were queried for articles published between January 2000 and July 2019.

Review Methods

We performed a systematic review of all studies published between 2000 and 2019 that reported on (1) children with confirmed X‐linked deafness‐2 undergoing cochlear implantation and (2) formal assessment of hearing and/or speech capabilities postimplantation.

Results

Our initial database search yielded 313 articles. Fourteen articles met inclusion criteria. These studies reported on 61 children with X‐linked deafness‐2 who underwent implantation at a wide age range (1‐29 years) for severe‐profound sensorineural hearing loss of prelingual onset. The mean follow‐up duration after implant activation was 32 months (range, 12‐61). Outcome domains assessed at follow‐up were heterogeneous, though each study employed at least 1 assessment of hearing (eg, pure tone audiometry), speech perception (eg, Early Speech Perception Test), or auditory perception (eg, Categories of Auditory Perception scores). In 10 of 14 studies, cochlear implantation afforded significant improvement in hearing and speech capabilities relative to preoperative performance or as compared with age‐matched, normal‐hearing controls.

Conclusion

The majority of studies demonstrate that cochlear implantation provides improvements in hearing and speech performance in patients with X‐linked deafness‐2. This information is valuable for decision making regarding cochlear implantation in these patients.
Subjective vs Computerized Assessment of Surgeon Skill Level During Mastoidectomy
Authors: Close Michaela F. , Mehta Charmee H. , Liu Yuan , Isaac Mitchell J. , Costello Mark S. , Kulbarsh Kyle D. , Meyer Ted A.
Published: June 2020

This pilot study examines the use of surgical instrument tracking and motion analysis in objectively measuring surgical performance. Accuracy of objective measures in distinguishing between surgeons of different levels was compared to that of subjective assessments. Twenty‐four intraoperative video clips of mastoidectomies performed by junior residents (n = 12), senior residents (n = 8), and faculty (n = 4) were sent to otolaryngology programs via survey, yielding 708 subjective ratings of surgical experience level. Tracking software captured the total distance traveled by the drill, suction irrigator, and patient’s head. Measurements were used to predict surgeon level of training, and accuracy was estimated via area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves. Key objective metrics proved more accurate than subjective evaluations in determining both faculty vs resident level and senior vs junior resident level. The findings of this study suggest that objective analysis using computer software has the potential to improve the accuracy of surgical skill assessment.
Otopathologic Analysis of Patterns of Postmeningitis Labyrinthitis Ossificans
Authors: Trakimas Danielle R. , Knoll Renata M. , Castillo‐Bustamante Melissa , Kozin Elliott D. , Remenschneider Aaron K.
Published: June 2020

Objective

Labyrinthitis ossificans (LO) may occur following meningitis and, in cases where cochlear implantation is indicated, complicate electrode insertion. LO is critical to identify for successful cochlear implantation, and histopathology is more sensitive than imaging for identification of LO. Herein we utilize otopathologic techniques to study the timing and location of intracochlear tissue formation following meningitic labyrinthitis (ML).

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Setting

Academic institution.

Methods

Temporal bone specimens with a history of bacterial ML were histologically evaluated. The location and extent of intracochlear tissue formation within the scala tympani (ST) and scala vestibuli (SV) were graded, and spiral ganglion neurons were counted.

Results

Fifty‐one temporal bones were identified: 32 with no intracochlear tissue formation, 9 with fibrosis alone, and 10 with LO. Fibrosis was identified as early as 1.5 weeks after ML, while ossification was found only in specimens that survived multiple years after ML. All LO cases showed ossification of the ST at the round window membrane (RWM) with continuous extension throughout the basal turn. Extent of SV ossification correlated with that in the ST but showed frequent isolated distal involvement of the cochlea. Spiral ganglion neuron counts were lower than those in age‐matched controls.

Conclusion

In this human temporal bone study, we found that postmeningitic LO results in ossification at the RWM with continuous extension into the ST of the basal turn and variable involvement of the SV. Identification of a patent basal turn beyond RWM ossification of the ST should permit full electrode insertion.

Level of Evidence

Retrospective review.
A Sustainable and Scalable Multidisciplinary Airway Teaching Mission: The Operation Airway 10‐Year Experience
Authors: Jayawardena Asitha D. L. , Ghersin Zelda J. , Mirambeaux Marcos , Bonilla Jose A. , Quiñones Ernesto , Zablah Evelyn , Callans Kevin , Hartnick Marina , Sahani Nita , Cayer Makara , Hersh Cheryl , Gallagher Thomas Q. , Yager Phoebe H. , Hartnick Christopher J.
Published: June 2020

Objective

To address whether a multidisciplinary team of pediatric otolaryngologists, anesthesiologists, pediatric intensivists, speech‐language pathologists, and nurses can achieve safe and sustainable surgical outcomes in low‐resourced settings when conducting a pediatric airway surgical teaching mission that features a program of progressive autonomy.

Study Design

Consecutive case series with chart review.

Setting

This study reviews 14 consecutive missions from 2010 to 2019 in Ecuador, El Salvador, and the Dominican Republic.

Methods

Demographic data, diagnostic and operative details, and operative outcomes were collected. A country’s program met graduation criteria if its multidisciplinary team developed the ability to autonomously manage the preoperative huddle, operating room discussion and setup, operative procedure, and postoperative multidisciplinary pediatric intensive care unit and floor care decision making. This was assessed by direct observation and assessment of surgical outcomes.

Results

A total of 135 procedures were performed on 90 patients in Ecuador (n = 24), the Dominican Republic (n = 51), and El Salvador (n = 39). Five patients required transport to the United States to receive quaternary‐level care. Thirty‐six laryngotracheal reconstructions were completed: 6 single‐stage, 12 one‐and‐a‐half‐stage, and 18 double‐stage cases. We achieved a decannulation rate of 82%. Two programs (Ecuador and the Dominican Republic) met graduation criteria and have become self‐sufficient. No mortalities were recorded.

Conclusion

This is the largest longitudinal description of an airway reconstruction teaching mission in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Airway reconstruction can be safe and effective in low‐resourced settings with a thoughtful multidisciplinary team led by local champions.
Thyroplasty Type III to Lower the Vocal Pitch in Trans Men
Authors: Bultynck Charlotte , Cosyns Marjan , T’Sjoen Guy , Van Borsel John , Bonte Katrien
Published: June 2020

About 20% of trans men do not achieve cisgender male frequencies (F0≤131 Hz) after gender‐affirming hormone treatment (GAHT) with testosterone. The surgical procedure Isshiki thyroplasty type III (TPIII) is described to lower F0, but data on this technique in trans men are lacking. In this study, 8 trans men, unsatisfied with their voice after a minimum of 12 months of GAHT, underwent TPIII to lower F0 at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery at Ghent University Hospital. TPIII was performed by 1 surgeon using the same method each time. Pre‐ and postoperatively, an acoustic evaluation of the voice took place. The F0 dropped significantly from the preoperative mean of (154.60 ± 12.29) Hz to the postoperative mean of (105.37 ± 10.52) Hz (t = 9.821, P <. 001). TPIII is an effective method for lowering the F0 in trans men who are not satisfied with their voice after long‐term GAHT.
Leaky memories: Impact of APOE4 on blood–brain barrier and dementia
Authors: Li Wenlu , Lo Eng H
Published: June 2020

A new study suggests that the leading genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, apolipoprotein E4 ( APOE4), is linked to blood–brain barrier breakdown and subsequent cognitive decline. These findings broaden our understanding of how cerebrovascular mechanisms contribute to cognitive impairment and should stimulate new directions for pursuing therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.
Effect of Solanum macrocarpon Linn leaf aqueous extract on the brain of an alloxan-induced rat model of diabetes
Authors: Okesola Mary A. , Ajiboye Basiru O. , Oyinloye Babatunji E. , Osukoya Olukemi A. , Owero-ozeze Ofogho S. , I. Ekakitie Lisa , Kappo Abidemi P.
Published: June 2020

Objective

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Solanum macrocarpon Linn leaf in the brain of an alloxan-induced rat model of diabetes.

Methods

The experimental model of diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared alloxan. Rats were then divided into six groups: normal control, diabetes control, diabetes group treated with metformin, and three diabetes groups treated with different concentrations of S. macrocarpon. Rats were sacrificed on day 14 of the experiment and different brain biochemical parameters were assessed and compared between groups.

Results

Administration of different doses of S. macrocarpon leaf aqueous extract was associated with significantly reduced levels of fasting blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, neurotransmitters, cholinesterases, cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide compared with diabetes control rats. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased in diabetes rats administered 12.45, 24.9 and 49.8 mg/kg body weight of S. macrocarpon versus diabetes control rats.

Conclusion

Aqueous extract of S. macrocarpon Linn leaf may be useful in the management of diabetic neuropathy.
Rapid improvement in Alzheimer’s disease symptoms following fecal microbiota transplantation: a case report
Authors: Hazan Sabine
Published: June 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a leading cause of death and a major cause of morbidity in older people. The disease is characterized by progressive memory loss, cognitive impairment, and the cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β peptide. Given the health and economic impacts of AD, treatments that target the underlying etiology of AD or modify the course of the disease are of significant interest. The gut microbiome has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. Furthermore, emerging evidence has demonstrated that there are alterations in gut microbiome composition in patients with AD, suggesting involvement of the microbiome–gut–brain axis. We present symptom improvement in a patient with AD following fecal microbiota transplantation for a Clostridioides difficile infection.
Histological transformation of lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung cancer with mutant C797S conferring acquired resistance to osimertinib
Authors: Ren Xiaohui , Cai Xinfeng , Li Jing , Zhang Xia , Yu Jianfei , Song Xin , Zhang Henghui , Song Xia
Published: June 2020

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene-mutated non-small cell lung cancer may initially respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but may subsequently become resistant; however, the resistance mechanisms remain unclear. We report a rare case of acquired resistance to osimertinib associated with transformation to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with cis-C797S mutation. A man with recurrent lung adenocarcinoma harboring an EGFR exon 19 deletion received erlotinib for 10 months following curative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, he switched to osimertinib after repeat biopsy showed EGFR exon 19 deletion and T790M mutation leading to erlotinib resistance. His disease progressed after 15 months and repeat biopsy showed SCLC. Next-generation sequencing of peripheral blood detected EGFR exon 19 deletion, T790M mutation, cis-C797S mutation, and RB1 inactivation. The tumor was reduced after four cycles of etoposide and cisplatin and his respiratory symptoms improved. However, computed tomography after six cycles of chemotherapy showed multiple bilateral lung lesions, and single-photon emission computed tomography showed bone metastasis. The patient received paclitaxel plus cisplatin for two cycles with partial response. Because heterogeneous genetic and phenotypic mechanisms of TKI-resistance may occur at different times and locations, histopathological and molecular testing both provide evidence to support appropriate treatment.
Experimental isolation and preservation of solid organs before transplantation: effects of pretreatment using four different molecules
Authors: Chalasti Maria , Iordanou Christos , Kratiras Zisis , Stylianaki Aikaterini , Trigka Eleni-Andriana , Lakiotaki Eleftheria , Makedou Kali , Iliadis Stavros , Zografos Konstantinos G. , Dimitroulis Dimitrios , Chrisofos Michail , Patsouris Efstratios , Zografos Georgios C. , Bouboulis George C. , Papalois Apostolos E.
Published: June 2020

Objectives

In transplantation surgery, the ischaemic organ and reperfusion impairment after cold storage remains a considerable risk factor for impaired function and potential failure of the grafted organ. Substantial logistical efforts have been undertaken to reduce the cold ischaemic time because the demand for available transplant organs and the periods of cold ischaemia are increasing.

Methods

Four molecules were investigated (erythropoietin, sildenafil, lazaroid [U74389G], octreotide) in individual intravenous infusions 1 hour before the organ was harvested. This study was performed in 30 healthy landrace/large-white pigs (male; >10 weeks old; average weight, 22 ± 2 kg) in groups of six. The organs were studied at harvest, and at 8 and 24 hours post-harvest.

Results

The lazaroid molecule increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver and pancreas at 8 hours. Hepatic lazaroid molecules improved liver histology at 8 and 24 hours. For kidneys, erythropoietin had a positive effect at 24 hours post-harvest. For the pancreas, octreotide showed better performance. In the lungs, there was less interstitial oedema with erythropoietin and lazaroid compared with the control group at 8 hours post-harvest.

Conclusion

All molecules had a positive effect and decreased ischaemia/reperfusion graft injury. Thus, pretreatment before organ harvest has a beneficial role.
Application of a Hurdle Model with Random Effects to Explore the Relationship between Operational Characteristics and Safety Performance
Authors: Qiu Jianrong , Logan David B. , Oxley Jennifer , Lowe Christopher
Published: June 2020

This study used the bus incident data in Victoria, Australia to establish the relationship between operational characteristics and the safety performance of bus operators. A series of count models were investigated to account for methodological challenges, including excess zeros and panel data structure. The empirical results highlighted the different effects operational characteristics had on the risk and prevalence of bus incidents. Operators of smaller size, providing non-route services and operating in regional areas had a lower risk of having any reported incidents compared with larger route operators and operators in areas of higher accessibility. In cases where at least one incident had been reported, incident frequency was higher for operators with higher fleet total travel distance, older fleets and better roadworthy performance (this factor being counterintuitive). Findings from this study provide safety regulators with evidence-driven opportunities to enhance bus safety, including improving incident reporting practices, the establishment of a comprehensive database for heavy vehicle operators, and specific efforts targeted at older fleets.
Musculotendinous Junction Injuries of the Proximal Biceps Femoris: A Prospective Study of 64 Patients Treated Surgically
Authors: Ayuob Atif , Kayani Babar , Haddad Fares S.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Injuries to the hamstring complex most commonly involve the proximal musculotendinous junction of the long head of the biceps femoris (MTJ-BFlh). Nonoperative management of these injuries is associated with prolonged rehabilitation and high risk of recurrence. To our knowledge, the surgical management of acute MTJ-BFlh injuries has not been previously reported.

Hypothesis:

Surgical repair of acute MTJ-BFlh injuries enables return to sporting activity with low risk of recurrence.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 64 patients (42 male and 22 female) undergoing surgical repair of acute MTJ-BFlh injuries were included. Predefined outcomes were recorded at regular intervals after surgery. Mean follow-up time after surgery was 29.2 months (range, 24.0-37.1 months).

Results:

All study patients returned to their preinjury levels of sporting activity. Mean ± SD time from surgical intervention to return to sporting activity was 13.4 ± 5.1 weeks. Three patients had reinjury at the operative site: 1 (1.6%) with MTJ-BFlh injury and 2 (3.2%) with myofascial tears. At 3 months after surgery, patients had improved mean passive straight-leg raise (72.0° ± 11.4° vs 24.1° ± 6.8°; P < .001); increased mean isometric hamstring muscle strength at 0° (84.5 % ± 10.4% vs 25.9% ± 8.9%; P < .001), 15° (89.5% ± 7.3% vs 41.2% ± 9.7%; P < .001), and 45° (93.9% ± 5.1% vs 63.4% ± 7.6%; P < .001); higher mean Lower Extremity Functional Scale scores (71.5 ± 5.0 vs 29.8 ± 6.3; P < .001); and improved mean Marx activity rating scores (9.8 ± 2.2 vs 3.8 ± 1.9; P < .001), as compared with preoperative scores. High patient satisfaction and functional outcome scores were maintained at 1 and 2 years after surgery.

Conclusion:

Surgical repair of acute MTJ-BFlh injuries enables return to preinjury level of sporting function with low risk of recurrence at short-term follow-up.
Introduction to Focused Issue: History of Textiles and Fashion
Authors: Welters Linda , Lillethun Abby
Published: June 2020

The introduction to the focused issue draws attention to research in the history of textiles and fashion among International Textile and Apparel Association members. It is divided into three parts: the past, the present, and the future. In the first section, a review of the history of dress and textiles under the umbrella of “clothing and textiles” is provided. In the section on the present, a snapshot is given of the current situation now that dress and textile history has been accepted by a wide range of academic disciplines. Finally, suggestions are offered to move the historic area forward in the journal and the organization.
Testosterone and Cognitive Impairment or Dementia in Middle-Aged or Aging Males: Causation and Intervention, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Kang Deying , Li Hongjun
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:

To investigate the association between testosterone levels and the risk of dementia and to assess the effectiveness of testosterone supplement treatment in patients with cognitive impairment or dementia.

Methods:

We searched Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE on September 30, 2019.

Results:

The risk factor portion of the review included 27 studies with 18 599 participants. Studies revealed inconsistent findings on the association between testosterone levels and the risk of all-cause dementia or Alzheimer disease (AD). The result from our meta-analysis showed an increased risk of all-cause dementia with decreasing total testosterone (total-T, 4572 participants, hazard ratio: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.26). Some studies also found an increased risk of AD with a lower level of total-T, free testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone. Testosterone supplement treatment may improve general cognitive function and motor response in the short term as measured by the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (mean difference [MD]: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.20-7.59) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MD: 3.4, 95% CI: 0.83-5.97) and verbal memory as measured by story recall delay at 3 months (MD: 8.4, 95% CI: 0.49-16.3).

Conclusion:

Lower levels of testosterone may be associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia or AD. Testosterone supplement treatment may or may not improve general cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairment/AD.
The case as a travelling genre
Authors: Böhmer Maria
Published: June 2020

This contribution explores how Forrester’s work on cases has opened up an arena that might be called ‘the medical case as a travelling genre’. Although usually focused on the course of disease in an individual patient and authored mostly by one medical author, medical case histories have a social dimension: Once published, they often circulate in networks of scholars. Moreover, scholars of the history of literature have shown that numerous medical cases seem to travel easily beyond the context of medical science into the realm of popular literature and journalism. After tracing the idea of cases travelling in Forrester’s Thinking in Cases, I discuss several contributions by authors who, in the wake of interdisciplinary research on cases in the past two decades, have dealt in different ways with this idea. In the third section, I present my own research on a case of self-crucifixion that was widely discussed in 19th-century Europe. I suggest that understanding the case as a ‘traveling genre’ – an expression borrowed from literary genre theory – highlights the role of readers and publication formats as constitutive for cases, and enables us to see more clearly what cases do for scientists and writers who work with them.
Computation of flow and heat transfer in horizontal gas–solid flows through an adiabatic pipe
Authors: Patro Brundaban , Kupireddi Kiran K , Devanuri Jaya K
Published: June 2020

The current paper deals with the studies of heat transfer and pressure drop through a horizontal, adiabatic pipe, having gas–solid flows. The inlet air temperature is 443 K, whereas the inlet solid temperature is 308 K. The numerical results are compared with the benchmark experimental data and are agreed satisfactorily. The influences of solid loading ratio, solid diameter and gas velocity on Nusselt number and pressure drop have been studied. The Nusselt number decreases and the pressure drop increases with an increase in the solid diameter. The Nusselt number decreases with an increase in the solid loading ratio at a lower solid diameter of 100 µm. However, at a higher value of solid diameter of 200 µm, the Nusselt number first decreases up to a specific solid loading ratio, and after that, it increases. The pressure drop results show different behaviours with the solid loading ratio. Both the Nusselt number and pressure drop increase with the gas velocity. Finally, a correlation is generated to calculate the two-phase Nusselt number.
Neighborhood Deprivation Shapes Motivational-Neurocircuit Recruitment in Children
Authors: Mullins Teagan S. , Campbell Ethan M. , Hogeveen Jeremy
Published: June 2020

Implementing motivated behaviors on the basis of prior reward is central to adaptive human functioning, but aberrant reward-motivated behavior is a core feature of neuropsychiatric illness. Children from disadvantaged neighborhoods have decreased access to rewards, which may shape motivational neurocircuits and risk for psychopathology. Here, we leveraged the unprecedented neuroimaging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study to test the hypothesis that neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage shapes the functional recruitment of motivational neurocircuits in children. Specifically, via the ABCD study’s monetary-incentive-delay task ( N = 6,396 children; age: 9–10 years), we found that children from zip codes with a high Area Deprivation Index demonstrate blunted recruitment of striatum (dorsal and ventral nuclei) and pallidum during reward anticipation. In fact, blunted dorsal striatal recruitment during reward anticipation mediated the association between Area Deprivation Index and increased attention problems. These data reveal a candidate mechanism driving elevated risk for psychopathology in children from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Evaluation of the impact of energy utilization and PM on respiratory health in China
Authors: Shi Changfeng , Liu Xinhui , Gu Min , Pang Qinghua , Shi Zhen
Published: June 2020

The haze climate has seriously affected people’s lives in China, and one of the important causes is particular matter (PM). For further, PM also has a negative impact on human health, especially respiratory health. A modified two-stage EBM (Epsilon-based Measure)data envelopment analysis (DEA) model considering undesirable outputs was used in this study to explore the energy utilization, PM and respiratory efficiency evaluation in China. It is concluded that the total efficiency value of Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shandong and Tianjin is high, while that of China’s other provinces is low. The overall efficiency of most provinces in the first stage is better than that in the second stage, and the efficiency difference between provinces in the second stage is more significant. There is a significant difference in PM efficiency between provinces, which needs to be managed by governments of different regions. Except for Beijing, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia, Shandong and Tianjin, the efficiency of respiratory diseases in most provinces still needs to be improved. Therefore, it is suggested to optimize the industrial structure, accelerate the adjustment of energy structure, strengthen the treatment of air pollution and increase public expenditure on medical care, so as to improve residents’ respiratory health.
Remittances, Investment and New Emigration Trends in Kerala
Authors: Sunny Justin , Parida Jajati K. , Azurudeen Mohammed
Published: June 2020

This article reports a study of the interlinkages among remittance receipts, household-level investment and the changing emigration patterns in Kerala, using seven rounds of the Kerala Migration Survey conducted between 1998 and 2018. The major findings suggest that remittances improved households’ per capita income and changed their spending patterns. Households receiving remittance, on average, spare a relatively larger share of monthly income on the consumption of non-food durable goods. Moreover, receipts of remittance also enable the households to save, to invest more on assets, land and buildings, and to form human capital (through increased share of spending on education and health). Households which devote a large share of spending on education and health also report a relatively high share of skilled emigration to either Global North or Oceania regions, instead of the traditional low-skilled Gulf emigration. Hence, policies that help boost these new emigration trends are likely to sustain the growth of remittance inflows and the process of overall socio-economic development in Kerala.
Challenges to Refugees’ Socioeconomic Inclusion: A Lens Through the Experiences of Congolese Refugees in South Africa
Authors: Masuku Sikanyiso , Rama Sharmla
Published: June 2020

In antithesis to the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development (socioeconomic inclusion for all) and a relatively progressive refugee policy framework (Refugee Act 130 of 1998), refugees in South Africa continue to face targeted exclusion and reduced living potentials. Impediments to refugee groups ability to ‘thrive and not just survive’ (as called for in the 2018 Global Compact on Refugees), are examined in this paper through a synopsis of the conditions surrounding their access to legal documents (a conduit to socioeconomic rights), their equitable participation/inclusion within the formal labour markets, financial sectors etc. In examining these issues, a case-study-based interpretive research design technique with eight FGD participants and two life history participants (drawn from Congolese refugees’ residing in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) was done. Several conceptual frameworks as well as a single principal theory (Murphy’s theory of monopolization) were utilized so as to fully examine forced migrant groups socioeconomic participation/inclusion in South Africa. This articles findings revealed that primary cultural, as well as structural agentive processes of obstruction significantly inhibit refugee groups full socioeconomic participating in the life of their host communities. The said obstructions included but were not confined to: adverse forms of incorporation, opportunity hoarding, as well as the normative unobtainability of social, cultural, and symbolic forms of capital.
Book review: Gennet Zewide, Resistance, Freedom and Empowerment: The Ethiopian Women’s Struggle
Authors: Dixit Gayettri
Published: June 2020

Gennet Zewide, Resistance, Freedom and Empowerment: The Ethiopian Women’s Struggle, Concept Publishing Company, 2014, 268 pp., Hardcover ₹900, ISBN: 978-9351250289.
Clinical validation of screening test for at-risk drinking for young and middle-aged adults in an emergency department
Authors: Chung Hosub , Lee Jae Hee
Published: June 2020

Background:

Emergency department has been shown to be suitable for conducting screening and interventions for at-risk drinking groups. Simple screening test is needed for crowded environments such as the emergency department.

Objective:

This study explores the validity of screening test for at-risk drinking, which was a newly developed abbreviated version of the alcohol use disorder identification test, among patients in the emergency department.

Method:

A survey was conducted at the emergency department of an academic tertiary hospital in South Korea during 4 months. All patients, who visited the emergency department and were between 19 and 65 years of age, answered the alcohol use disorder identification test questionnaire. In this study, at-risk drinking was identified using alcohol use disorder identification test.

Results:

The screening test was completed by 178 patients in this study. At-risk drinking group comprises 78 patients (43.8%). The cut-off values of screening test for at-risk drinking were 3 for males and 2 for females. As a result, the sensitivity/specificity was 98.0/93.5 and 96.4/79.6 for men and women, respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristics of screening test for at-risk drinking was 0.9 and 0.9 in men and women, respectively.

Conclusion:

screening test for at-risk drinking is a useful test that easily identifies at-risk drinking. It is expected that this test can facilitate screening for at-risk drinking in emergency department setting.
Justice Carolyn Simpson and women’s changing place in the legal profession: ‘Yes, you can!’
Authors: McLoughlin Kcasey , Stenstrom Hannah
Published: June 2020

Justice Carolyn Simpson had a judicial career spanning a quarter of a century – the longest serving of any of the Supreme Court of New South Wales’ women judges. In this article, we critically examine both the image projected at Justice Simpson’s elevation to the Court in 1994 and the legacy crafted about her upon her retirement. As we move forward into a new century of Australian women in law, these speeches reveal much about women’s changing place within the legal profession, but also demonstrate disappointing continuity in terms of the obstacles faced by women.
Family Impact of Child Oro-Facial Cleft
Authors: Agnew Caitlin M. , Foster Page Lyndie A. , Hibbert Sally , Thomson William M.
Published: June 2020

Objective:

To describe the association between children’s orofacial cleft (OFC) and families’ quality of life (QoL), using the short-form Family Impact Scale questionnaire (FIS-SF). Also assessed were the psychometric properties of the FIS-SF, as well as whether certain demographic and clinical variables impacted the family.

Design:

Observational cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Tertiary care public children’s hospital in New South Wales, Australia.

Participants:

Parents/caregivers of children with OFC.

Main outcome measure(s):

The short-form Family Impact Scale questionnaire.

Results:

Two hundred and fourteen parents completed the FIS-SF. Excellent convergent validity was evident, but discriminant validity was weaker. Those children with velopharyngeal insufficiency/submucous cleft reported lower scores on the family/parental activity, and lower overall family impact scores than those with cleft lip (CL) or cleft palate (CP). Those with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) had poorer family/parental activity scores than those with CP. There were no systematic differences in FIS-SF scores by the child’s age, gender, private health insurance, living location, the number of cleft-related operations, or whether a child had commenced orthodontic treatment.

Conclusions:

The FIS-SF is a valid and reliable measure for determining the impact that OFC has on family QoL. The impact of OFC on children’s families differs according to cleft type.
Mother–Daughter Work–Family Role Transmission: Effects on Daughters’ Work and Family Satisfaction
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Guan Xiaowen
Published: June 2020

This study addresses the impact of intergenerational transmission on women’s work–family life. Drawn from the two-generation sample in the Youth Development Study, this study examines the effects of intergenerational similarity in working status, intergenerational communication, and social support on women’s work and family satisfaction. The study controlled for family of origin socioeconomic status, working hours, relationship duration, and number of children. The results show that intergenerational transmission of work–family configurations from mothers to daughters does exist in their general employment status, but the effects on women’s family satisfaction occur mostly through intergenerational communication. Additionally, social support from both work and family is found to have direct and indirect impacts on women’s work and family satisfaction. The findings can be used to advance a tentative model to examine intergenerational transmission effects and verify the importance of social support in promoting women’s functional outcomes at work and home.