bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The KDD Cup 2019 Report
Authors: Zhou Wenjun , Roy Taposh Dutta , Skrypnyk Iryna
Published: May 2020

The KDD Cup has been a data science competition affiliated with the ACM SIGKDD conference with more than 20 years' tradition. In 2019, we organized the KDD Cup by hosting 3 parallel tracks, each with tremendous innovation. The regular machine learning (ML) track was a context-aware travel mode recommendation problem, sponsored by Baidu.com. The automatic machine learning (AutoML) track, sponsored by 4Paradigm, was about nding cost-e ective and transferable solutions for temporal relational data represented as multiple related tables. The humanity reinforcement learning (RL) track was sponsored by IBM Africa and Hexagon-ML to determine the best policy in distribution of control measures to eradicate Malaria. In 3 competitions collectively, we had more than 2,800 registered teams from over 39 countries and 230 academic and research institutions. Among the 1,200 most actively participating teams, over 5,000 individuals participated, and more than 17,000 submissions were made. A total exceeding 100 thousand U.S. dollars were awarded to the winning teams.
Reproductive Multitasking: The Female Gametophyte
Authors: Hater Friederike , Nakel Thomas , Groß-Hardt Rita
Published: May 2020

Fertilization of flowering plants requires the organization of complex tasks, many of which become integrated by the female gametophyte (FG). The FG is a few-celled haploid structure that orchestrates division of labor to coordinate successful interaction with the sperm cells and their transport vehicle, the pollen tube. As reproductive outcome is directly coupled to evolutionary success, the underlying mechanisms are under robust molecular control, including integrity check and repair mechanisms. Here, we review progress on understanding the development and function of the FG, starting with the functional megaspore, which represents the haploid founder cell of the FG. We highlight recent achievements that have greatly advanced our understanding of pollen tube attraction strategies and the mechanisms that regulate plant hybridization and gamete fusion. In addition, we discuss novel insights into plant polyploidization strategies that expand current concepts on the evolution of flowering plants.
Global Behavior of Solutions in a Predator-Prey Cross-Diffusion Model with Cannibalism
Authors: Chen Meijun , Fu Shengmao , Yang Xiaoli
Published: May 2020

The global asymptotic behavior of solutions in a cross-diffusive predator-prey model with cannibalism is studied in this paper. Firstly, the local stability of nonnegative equilibria for the weakly coupled reaction-diffusion model and strongly coupled cross-diffusion model is discussed. It is shown that the equilibria have the same stability properties for the corresponding ODE model and semilinear reaction-diffusion model, but under suitable conditions on reaction coefficients, cross-diffusion-driven Turing instability occurs. Secondly, the uniform boundedness and the global existence of solutions for the model with SKT-type cross-diffusion are investigated when the space dimension is one. Finally, the global stability of the positive equilibrium is established by constructing a Lyapunov function. The result indicates that, under certain conditions on reaction coefficients, the model has no nonconstant positive steady state if the diffusion matrix is positive definite and the self-diffusion coefficients are large enough.
Microbial Contamination, an Increasing Threat to the Consumption of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables in Today’s World
Authors: Balali Gadafi Iddrisu , Yar Denis Dekugmen , Afua Dela Vera Gobe , Adjei-Kusi Priscilla
Published: May 2020

Microbes are found all over the globe with some few exceptions, including sterilized surfaces. They include normal flora that is nonpathogenic, which contribute to the larger percentage, and pathogenic species which are few. Hence, the activities of humans cannot be completely separated from microbes. Thus, many pathogenic microbes have found their way into fresh fruits and vegetables which are a great source of a healthy diet for humans. The growing demand for fresh fruits and vegetables has necessitated larger production. The larger production of vegetables within the shortest possible time to meet the growing demand has placed them at a higher risk of contamination with the pathogenic microbes, making the safety of consumers uncertain. Study of sources of contamination and type of pathogenic etiological agents isolated from fresh fruits and vegetables includesBacillus cereus,Campylobacter jejuni,Clostridium botulinum,E. coliO157: H7,Listeria monocytogenes,Salmonellaspp., Shigella,Staphylococcus, andVibrio cholera. Several measures have proven to be effective in controlling contamination of microbes and they include the establishment of surveillance systems to monitor the production chain and thoroughly washing vegetables with vinegar water. Saltwater and other washing techniques are effective but caution should be taken to make sure one does not use one cycle of water for washing all vegetables. The consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables is still encouraged by this review but significant measures must be taken to check the safety of these products before consumption.
Bounds of a Unified Integral Operator via Exponentially s,m-Convexity and Their Consequences
Authors: Hu Yi , Farid Ghulam , Zijiang  , Mahreen Kahkashan
Published: May 2020

Various known fractional and conformable integral operators can be obtained from a unified integral operator. The aim of this paper is to find bounds of this unified integral operator via exponentially s,m-convex functions. The resulting bounds provide compact formulas for the bounds of associated fractional and conformable integral operators. Several Hadamard-type inequalities have been produced from a compact version for unified integral operators for exponentially s,m-convex functions.
Insulin Resistance in Osteoarthritis: Similar Mechanisms to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tchetina Elena V , Markova Galina A , Sharapova Eugeniya P
Published: May 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are two of the most widespread chronic diseases. OA and T2D have common epidemiologic traits, are considered heterogenic multifactorial pathologies that develop through the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and have common risk factors. In addition, both of these diseases often manifest in a single patient. Despite differences in clinical manifestations, both diseases are characterized by disturbances in cellular metabolism and by an insulin-resistant state primarily associated with the production and utilization of energy. However, currently, the primary cause of OA development and progression is not clear. In addition, although OA is manifested as a joint disease, evidence has accumulated that it affects the whole body. As pathological insulin resistance is viewed as a driving force of T2D development, now, we present evidence that the molecular and cellular metabolic disturbances associated with OA are linked to an insulin-resistant state similar to T2D. Moreover, the alterations in cellular energy requirements associated with insulin resistance could affect many metabolic changes in the body that eventually result in pathology and could serve as a unified mechanism that also functions in many metabolic diseases. However, these issues have not been comprehensively described. Therefore, here, we discuss the basic molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological processes associated with the development of insulin resistance; the major inducers, regulators, and metabolic consequences of insulin resistance; and instruments for controlling insulin resistance as a new approach to therapy.
Qidong Yixin Oral Liquid for Viral Myocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hu Jun , Tan Yu-meng , Wang Jie , He Hao-qiang , Wang Jing-yi
Published: May 2020

Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qidong Yixin (QY) oral liquid in the treatment of viral myocarditis (VMC). Methods. We searched seven databases for randomized clinical trials on QY for treating VMC. The retrieval period was from database establishment to December 31, 2019. Cochrane risk of bias tool in the Cochrane Handbook was used to assess the methodological quality. Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3 was used to analyze the results. Results. We included 19 studies comprising 2,608 patients, albeit with low methodological quality. Our meta‐analysis revealed that combination therapy with QY and western medicine was more effective than western medicine alone (QY vs other Chinese patent medicines: RR = 1.37, 95% Cl: 1.23∼1.52, P < 0.00001; QY + coenzyme Q10 + routine treatment vs coenzyme Q10 + routine treatment: RR = 1.20, 95% Cl: 1.14∼1.27, P < 0.00001; QY + trimetazidine + acyclovir vs trimetazidine + acyclovir: RR = 1.59, 95% Cl: 1.38∼1.83, P < 0.00001; QY + routine treatment vs routine treatment: RR = 1.09, 95% Cl: 1.03∼1.15, P < 0.003). A study on posttreatment myocardial enzyme levels revealed that QY with western medicine downregulated creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK‐MB) (QY + antiviral treatment + routine treatment vs antiviral treatment + routine treatment group: MD = −11.28, 95% CI: −13.33∼−9.22, P < 0.00001; QY + routine treatment vs routine treatment: MD = −4.96, 95% CI: −5.56∼−4.32, P < 0.00001), creatine kinase (CK) (MD = −32.10, 95% CI: −35.63∼−28.57, P < 0.00001), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (QY + antiviral treatment + routine treatment vs antiviral treatment + routine treatment: MD = −48.76 95% CI: −58.18∼−39.33, P < 0.00001; QY + routine treatment vs routine treatment: MD = −23.52, 95% CI: −30.10–16.94, P < 0.00001) rather than western medicine alone, with no evidence of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) downregulation on treatment with QY with western medicine (MD = 2.88, 95% CI: −0.95∼6.71, P < 0.00001) in patients. Two studies reported adverse events, indicating that QY is relatively safe. Conclusion. Although QY may have potential advantages in treating VMC, they remain unclear owing to the poor methodological quality of most studies. Larger, multicenter, high‐quality randomized controlled trials are required to verify the effectiveness of QY.
Episodic Cancer Pain: Patient Reporting, Prevalence, and Clinicodemographic Associations at Initial Cancer Pain Clinic Assessment
Authors: Reis-Pina Paulo , Acharya Anand , Barbosa Antonio , Lawlor Peter G.
Published: May 2020

Background. Better understanding of the episodic cancer pain (CP) spectrum, including pains that occur in addition to its conventionally defined breakthrough CP (BTcP) and incident CP (IcP) components, may inform CP assessment and management. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of episodic patient-reported CP and the prevalence and associations of study-defined BTcP (S-BTcP) and IcP (S-IcP) in patients with CP. Methods. In a cross-sectional study at their first CP clinic attendance, participants with CP had the following assessments: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI); Pain Management Index (PMI), with PMI-negative status indicating undertreatment; standardized neuropathic pain component (NPC) status; S-BTcP (no trigger identified) and S-IcP (trigger identified) status, based on a preceding 7-day history of transitory pain flares distinct from background pain, and BPI-Worst or BPI-Now pain intensity ≥ 4. Clinicodemographic variables’ association with S-BTcP and S-IcP was examined in logistic regression analyses. Results. Of 371 participants, 308 (83%) had episodic CP by history alone; 140 (37.7%) and 181 (48.8%) had S-BTcP and S-IcP, respectively. Multivariable analyses demonstrated significant (p<0.05) associations (odds ratios: 95% CIs) for 6 variables with S-BTcP: head and neck pain location (2.53; 1.20–5.37), NPC (2.39; 1.34–4.26), BPI average pain (1.64; 1.36–1.99), abdominal pain (0.324; 0.120–0.873), S-IcP (0.207; 0.116–0.369), and PMI-negative status (0.443; 0.213–0.918). Similar independent associations (p<0.05) occurred for S-IcP with NPC, BPI average pain, and PMI-negative status, in addition to radiotherapy, S-BTcP, soft tissue pain, and sleep interference. Conclusions. Episodic or transient patient-reported CP flares often do not meet the more conventional criteria that define BTcP and IcP, the principal episodic CP types. Both BTcP and IcP occur frequently and both are associated with a NPC, higher pain intensity, and less opioid underuse in the management of CP. Further studies are warranted to both better understand the complex presentations of episodic CP and inform its classification.
Modified Anyonic Particle and Its Fundamental Gauge Symmetries
Authors: Dehghani Mehdi , Abarghouei Nejad Salman , Monemzadeh Majid
Published: May 2020

In this article, we study the possibility of changing a physical degree of freedom of a particle to its quantum spin after quantization is applied. Our approach to do such a survey is increasing the fundamental symmetries of the anyonic particle model with the help of the symplectic formalism of constrained systems. After extracting the corresponding Poisson structure of all constraints, we compare the effect of gauging on the phase spaces, the number of physical degrees of freedom, canonical structures of both primary and gauged models, and the spin of the anyon, in terms of its energy.
Dietary Magnesium Intake and Leukocyte Telomere Attrition in Adults: The Regulatory Role of Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor α
Authors: Yu Jie , Liu Haibin , He Shuli , Li Pingping , Ma Chunxiao , Ma Minglei , Liu Yiwen , Lv Lu , Ping Fan , Zhang Huabing , Li Wei , Sun Qi , Xu Lingling , Li Yuxiu
Published: May 2020

Objectives. In this study, we assessed the effects of dietary magnesium on leukocyte telomere length (LTL). Designs. The current cross-sectional analysis was based on data collected within a type 2 diabetes project. Settings. Dietary magnesium intake is associated with peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length (LTL). However, few epidemiological studies have evaluated the effects of magnesium on LTL in the clinical setting. Participants. This cross-sectional analysis included 467 participants (34.8% men). Measurements. Serum blood lipid profile, HbA1c, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory mediator levels were measured. Detailed dietary data were obtained using a 24 h food recall. LTL was assessed using a real-time PCR assay. Regression models and simple regulatory models were used for data analysis. Results. There was an inverse relationship between dietary magnesium and LTL (P<0.001), with a between-extreme-quarter difference of -0.55. Conversely, there was a positive relationship between dietary magnesium and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, with an interquarter difference of 3.79 pmol/mL (P for trend=0.006). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the odds ratios (ORs) for shorter LTL and higher serum TNFα increased with magnesium intake, and the ORs of the differences between extreme quartiles were 2.60 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31–5.36; P=0.003) and 1.98 (95% CI: 1.09–3.59; P=0.008). There was a direct negative effect of dietary magnesium intake on LTL (B=−0.002; P=0.001), which appeared to be indirectly influenced by TNFα (-0.002 to -0.0005). Conclusions. Dietary magnesium intake may be a critical component of the cellular aging process, and its effect could be partly mediated by TNFα.
Modified Si‐Miao Pill for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Hui , Huang Yao , Shen Pan , Wang Yu , Qin Kai , Huang Ying , Ba Xin , Lin Weiji , Chen Zhe , Tu Shenghao
Published: May 2020

Objective. The aim of this review and meta‐analysis was to assess the effects and safety of modified Si‐Miao pill (mSMP) in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Design. A systematic literature search was carried out in eight databases from their available dates of inception to April 2020. After screening, fifteen randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects and safety of mSMP in combination with western medicine (including disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)) in treating rheumatoid arthritis patients were included after screening. Results. In comparison with DMARDs, or coadministration of DMARDs and NSAIDs, mSMP in combination with western medicine significantly lowered erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mean difference (MD) = ‐10.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−12.19, −9.03]), C‐reactive protein (MD = −6.50, 95% CI [−8.43, −4.56]), rheumatoid factors (MD = −17.31, 95% CI [−24.34, −10.27]), swollen joint count (MD = −1.63, 95% CI [−2.29, −0.97]), tender joint count (MD = −1.98, 95% CI [−2.34, −1.62]), and morning stiffness time (MD = −24.37, 95% CI [−29.41, 19.33]) and ameliorated the condition of patients (odds ratio (OR) = 3.69, 95% CI [2.64, 5.14]). Additionally, mSMP in combination with western medicine seemed safer (OR = 0.49, 95% CI [0.30, 0.81]). Conclusion. The results of the meta‐analysis study have shown that mSMP in combination with western medicine therapies appears to be more effective and safer than western medicine alone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis including reducing inflammatory markers and adverse events and improving symptoms. Howbeit, more high‐grade, large‐scale RCTs of mSMP in various countries and regions are still needed.
Matching Large Scale Ontologies Based on Filter and Verification
Authors: Li Yingxin , Jianhui Zhou , Liu Jihong , Hou Yongzhu
Published: May 2020

Ontology matching is an effective method to realize intercommunication and interoperability between heterogeneous systems. The essence of ontology matching is to discover the similar entity pairs between source ontology and target ontology, which is a process calculating the similarity between entities in ontologies. The similarity can be calculated utilizing various features between entity pairs, such as string similarity, structural similarity, and semantic similarity. The larger the ontology scale, the lower the efficiency and accuracy rate of ontology matching. As the ontology scale increases, the amount of entities in ontologies will be larger and the ontologies will become more heterogeneous. This paper proposes an innovative method of matching large scale ontologies based on filter and verification, which firstly reduces the heterogeneous of large scale ontologies in the filter phase and then matches the reduced ontologies in the verification phase. Large scale ontologies will be partitioned into several subontologies to get a proper scale before matching. The benchmark of Anatomy and Food in OAEI is adopted to evaluate the proposed method, and the experimental result illuminates that the recall rate is improved in the situation of retaining efficiency and accuracy rate using the proposed method.
Surface Modification of TFC-PA RO Membrane by Grafting Hydrophilic pH Switchable Poly(Acrylic Acid) Brushes
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Asad , Mushtaq Shehla , Cheema Waqas A. , Qiblawey Hazim , Zhu Shenmin , Li Yao , Zhang Runnan , Wu Hong , Jiang Zhongyi , Sadiq Rehan , Ahmad Nasir M.
Published: May 2020

The grafting of pH-responsive poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes was carried out on the surface of a commercial TFC-PA membrane using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). Poly(t-butyl acrylate) was polymerized through the SI-ATRP method followed by its acid hydrolysis to form PAA hydrophilic polymer brushes. Surface morphology, permeation flux, salt rejection, and pore sizes were investigated. The contact angle for water was reduced from 50° for a pristine membrane to 27° for the modified membrane due to a modification with the hydrophilic functional group and its brush on membrane surfaces. The flux rate also increased noticeably at lower pH values relative to higher pH for the modified membranes, while the flux remains stable in the case of pristine TFC-PA membranes. There is slight transition in the water flux rate that was also observed when going from pH values of 3 to 5. This was attributed to the pH-responsive conformational changes for the grafted PAA brushes. At these pH values, ionization of the COOH group takes place below and above pKa to influence the effective pore dimension of the modified membranes. At a lower pH value, the PAA brushes seem to permit tight structure conformation resulting in larger pore sizes and hence more flux. On the other hand, at higher pH values, PAA brushes appeared to be in extended conformation to induce smaller pore sizes and result in less flux. Further, pH values were observed to not significantly affect the NaCl salt rejection with values observed in between 98.8% and 95% and close to that of the pristine TFC-PA membranes. These experimental results are significant and have immediate implication for advances in polymer technology to design and modify the “switchable membrane surfaces” with controllable charge distribution and surface wettability, as well as regulation of water flux and salt.
A Phytocomplex Consisting of Tropaeolum majus L. and Salvia officinalis L. Extracts Alleviates the Inflammatory Response of Dermal Fibroblasts to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Jurca Tunde , Baldea Ioana , Filip Gabriela Adriana , Olteanu Diana , Clichici Simona , Pallag Annamaria , Vicaş Laura , Marian Eleonora , Micle Otilia , Crivii Carmen Bianca , Mureşan Mariana
Published: May 2020

Background. The antimicrobial activity and effects of a phytocomplex consisting of Tropaeolum flos (T) and Salviae folium (S) extracts on the cytokine levels and transcription factors on dermal fibroblast BJ exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharides were examined. Methods. In order to select the most optimal combination ratio of the two extracts for using in vitro, the physicochemical characterization of vegetal extract mixtures was performed and the antioxidant and antibacterial activities were evaluated on five different formulations of T : S, namely, 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 2 : 1, 3 : 1, and 1 : 3. The best combination of bioactive compounds with regard to antioxidant and antibacterial activities (T : S 1 : 2) was selected for in vitro evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect. Human dermal fibroblast BJ cells were treated with two doses of the extract mixture and then exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The levels of the cytokines involved in inflammatory response, namely, interleukin- (IL-) 6, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, IL-31, and IL-33, were quantified by ELISA, and the expression of transcription factors, namely, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and phosphorylated NFκB (pNFκB), were evaluated by western blot analysis. Results. The results have shown that the mixture of T : S 1 : 2 exhibited significant antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. LPS exposure increased the cytokine levels in BJ cells and enhanced the NFκB expression. The pretreatment of BF cells exposed to LPS with the two doses of the extract mixture markedly inhibited the increase of IL-33 and TNF-α levels and amplified the NFκB expression and its activation, especially with the high dose. The low doses of the extract reduced NFκB expression but increased its activation. Conclusions. These experimental findings suggest that the mixture of T : S 1 : 2 can exert some protection against bacterial infections and inflammation induced by LPS in BJ cells being a good therapeutic option in related conditions associated with inflammation.
The Landscape of Human Cancer Proteins Targeted by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tutuncuoglu Beril , Cakir Merve , Batra Jyoti , Bouhaddou Mehdi , Eckhardt Manon , Gordon David E. , Krogan Nevan J.
Published: May 2020

The mapping of SARS-CoV-2 human protein–protein interactions by Gordon and colleagues revealed druggable targets that are hijacked by the virus. Here, we highlight several oncogenic pathways identified at the host–virus interface of SARS-CoV-2 to enable cancer biologists to apply their knowledge for rapid drug repurposing to treat COVID-19, and help inform the response to potential long-term complications of the disease.
ASC Modulates CTL Cytotoxicity and Transplant Outcome Independent of the Inflammasome
Authors: Cheong Melody , Gartlan Kate H. , Lee Jason S. , Tey Siok-Keen , Zhang Ping , Kuns Rachel D. , Andoniou Christopher E. , Martins Jose Paulo , Chang Karshing , Sutton Vivien R. , Kelly Greg , Varelias Antiopi , Vuckovic Slavica , Markey Kate A. , Boyle Glen M. , Smyth Mark J. , Engwerda Christian R. , MacDonald Kelli P.A. , Trapani Joseph A. , Degli-Esposti Mariapia A. , Koyama Motoko , Hill Geoffrey R.
Published: May 2020

The adaptor protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) is known to facilitate caspase-1 activation, which is essential for innate host immunity via the formation of the inflammasome complex, a multiprotein structure responsible for processing IL1β and IL18 into their active moieties. Here, we demonstrated that ASC-deficient CD8+ T cells failed to induce severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and had impaired capacity for graft rejection and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity. These effects were inflammasome independent because GVHD lethality was not altered in recipients of caspase-1/11–deficient T cells. We also demonstrated that ASC deficiency resulted in a decrease in cytolytic function, with a reduction in granzyme B secretion and CD107a expression by CD8+ T cells. Altogether, our findings highlight that ASC represents an attractive therapeutic target for improving outcomes of clinical transplantation.
Adolescência, psicanálise e política
Authors: Gurski Rose , Rosa Miriam Debieux
Published: May 2020

Partindo das experiências de pesquisa com adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social, conduzidas por psicólogos, psicanalistas, pesquisadores e docentes de Universidades públicas e privadas do Brasil e da França, construímos, através deste dossiê, uma contribuição cujo fundamento ético remete aos primórdios da psicanálise. Servindo-nos da premissa freudiana, de que a psicanálise deve estar lá onde o desamparo do sujeito se constitui, chegamos, em nosso tempo social, até o mal-estar dos adolescentes e jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade social.
Adolescentes "filhos da migração" e o Estado
Authors: Binkowski Gabriel Inticher
Published: May 2020

Circunscrevo nesse trabalho algumas das características e impasses vividos por adolescentes oriundos de famílias migrantes na França. Esses jovens são frequentemente colocados num espaço social fronteiriço, notadamente na sua experiência na Educação Nacional, essa se constituindo como uma série de dispositivos de transmissão tanto de conteúdos escolares quanto de modos de vida e de cultura que são ligados a uma certa ideia republicana de sociedade ocidental. Pensamos aqui a educação como uma cultura à parte, que oferece modos de ser, agir, pensar, sentir, além de toda uma miríade de representações e conteúdos de valor antropológico. Isso, por vezes, se choca com outras valências culturais, linguísticas e identitárias vividas e trazidas por esses adolescentes que costumam viver uma espécie de cisão entre mundos e espaços subjetivos tão diferentes entre aqueles de casa e do campo social (via educação). Tais questões são aqui tratadas por meio de nossa experiência como profissional de saúde mental na França, trazendo dois casos que foram acompanhados e que retratam os dramas do adolescer em situação transcultural.
Diplomatic Devices: the Social Lives of Foreign Timepieces in Late Sixteenth- and Early Seventeenth-Century Japan
Authors: Koch Angelika
Published: May 2020

The present paper explores the social lives of European timepieces as a particular set of objects in late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century Japan, when the archipelago first encountered the “Southern Barbarians” from Portugal and Spain. Rather than viewing them solely as instruments of time measurement or as decorative objects, I discuss clocks as actors that moved within networks of exchange primarily between Europe and Japan, but also, significantly, within East Asia and Japan itself. Along their trajectory, these devices assumed shifting and at times contradictory meanings for various actors; this is particularly true in view of the fundamental clash between European and Japanese systems of time-reckoning, which essentially rendered early European-style mechanical clocks ‘timeless’ in Japan, with its equinoctial system of variable hours. For Jesuit missionaries and foreign emissaries who brought these early devices to Japan, they were timekeepers, objects of ecclesiastical use, paragons of European ingenuity, and above all diplomatic tools that granted access and established connections with the Japanese ruling elite. For the Japanese, by contrast, these global objects assumed meaning within their highly developed local gift-culture as desirable novelty items, particularly within the socially volatile environment of the unification of the country under Tokugawa control. My contention is that these microhistories of exchange help us understand why mechanical clocks did not have the same ‘revolutionary’ effect on time-reckoning in Japan as they did in Europe; the social lives of these objects strikingly illustrate the power imbalances in diplomatic negotiations that made Japan impervious to coercion by the European powers.
Ecology, Divinity, and Reason
Authors: Waters James W.
Published: May 2020

Eco-feminist Val Plumwood has argued that as heirs of rationalism, the developed world has created an ecological crisis that is truly a crisis of reason. Of primary concern is the “rationalist hyper-separation of human identity from nature,” which has caused a great epistemological schism between ethics and ecology. Assuming the ecological crisis is, as Plumwood argues, an epistemological crisis enflamed by the human/non-human, ethical/ecological divisions that take place in modern forms of rationalism, this essay argues that certain western interpretations of Christian divinity—particularly the notion of divinity purported by Thomas Aquinas—have historically supported hegemonic forms of rationalism and human supremacy. After showing that certain Thomist formulations of the divine have buttressed the anthropocentric elements of modern rationalism, I venture a reading of Christian divinity that is radically relational in character. This reading of the divine highlights the inseparability of the human and non-human, and begins doing so by emphasizing the intimate connection between human and non-human animality. Such a re-framing of divinity, I argue, could help bridge the human/non-human, ethical/ecological divides, complicate anthropocentric logic, and mitigate the vast eco-epistemological crisis of our day.
The development of tactile social interactions in Corydoras aeneus larvae
Authors: Riley Riva J. , Roe Thomas P. , Gillie Elizabeth R. , Manica Andrea
Published: May 2020

Many social animals acquire social behaviours during development, and social experience during development can be vital for acquiring necessary social behaviours in adulthood. We investigated the development of a distinctive tactile interaction behaviour in Bronze Cory catfish, in which adults interact with one another tactilely during foraging and during group responses to threats. We found that larvae respond to applied tactile stimulation with a flight response significantly less often as larvae matured. This habituation to tactile stimulation is consistent with developing appropriate adult social behaviour. We also found that social exposure affects the larval response to tactile interactions with conspecifics, and that isolation in early life leads to a greater likelihood of responding to tactile interactions with conspecifics with a flight response. This suggests that social exposure is important for developing social tactile interaction behaviour and underscores the particular importance of early experience in social development.
Systematic position of the genus Atetylenchus Khan, 1973 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) with description of two new species
Authors: Hosseinvand Manouchehr , Eskandari Ali , Castillo Pablo , Palomares-Rius Juan E. , Ghaderi Reza
Published: May 2020

Two new and one known species of Atetylenchus recovered from Dezful, Khuzestan Province, south-western Iran, are illustrated and described using morphological, morphometric and molecular data. Atetylenchus dezfuliensis n. sp. is characterised by medium-sized body 700-998 μm long, stylet 10.0-11.5 μm long, characteristic tail shape, first tapering regularly but then cylindrical to slightly clavate and 90-136 μm long, phasmids located at one-third anterior part of tail and short spicules 18.7 μm long. Atetylenchus longilabiatus n. sp. is characterised by small-sized body 593-720 μm long, prominent lip region, stylet 9.5-12.5 μm long, conical tail with hook-shaped terminus and 42-63 μm long, phasmids located near mid-tail and short spicules 17.5 μm long. Atetylenchus cf. graminus is characterised by small-sized body 643-787 μm long, stylet 10.7-11.7 μm long, vulva located at 51.7-55.1% of the body length, and conical tail with finely rounded end and 63-69 μm long. Molecular data are provided for the characterisation of this genus from these two new and one known species using ribosomal genes (18S and 28S rRNA). This genus is molecularly separated from Psilenchus, but closely related in both genes. These molecular markers showed different phylogenies for both genera; partial 18S showed their relationship with Tylenchidae, while 28S rRNA showed their relationship with Merliniidae. A key to the genus is provided for species identification.
Effects of temperatures on survival of Aphelenchoides besseyi in prolonged storage of rice grains
Authors: Hoshino Shigeru , Togashi Katsumi
Published: May 2020

The white-tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, is a seed-borne ectoparasite of the rice plant Oryza sativa. Nematodes in dried rice seeds are in dehydrated quiescence or anhydrobiosis and are reactivated by rehydration. To understand the persistent parasitism better, the effects of temperature on nematode survival were examined during prolonged periods of seed storage. There was a marked difference in the survival rate among different temperatures; survival was lower at 20 and 25°C than at −5 to 10°C after storage for 190 days. No nematodes survived a storage period of 1313 days at 20 and 25°C. When rice seeds were held at 5°C, the survival rate of nematodes decreased during a period of 7315 days. The estimated instantaneous rate of mortality per month was higher in the early and late parts of the period than in the middle part. Another nematode population also showed a reduction in the survival rate during 6553 days storage at 5°C. In storage at −30°C, survival was not affected during a period of 6485 days. After storage at −30°C for 6546 days, 96% of rice seeds germinated, whereas 60-96% of seeds of two groups germinated after storage at 5°C for 6610-7373 days. Therefore, prolonged storage of rice seeds at 5 or −30°C was unlikely to disrupt the connection between rice plants and A. besseyi.
The LOSC as a Package Deal and Its Implications for Determination of Customary International Law
Authors: Liao Xuexia
Published: May 2020

This article revisits the package deal nature of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) and its implications for determining customary international law. A survey of the case law illustrates that the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has not given particular weight to the fact that the LOSC was negotiated and accepted as a package deal. Nevertheless, the ICJ’s declaration that Article 121, paragraph 3 of the LOSC is a customary rule tends to be based on a ‘package deal approach’, which focuses on the textual and logical links between the paragraphs that manifest an ‘indivisible régime’. By exploring the difficulties of determining the customary status of Article 76(2)–(7) concerning the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, which may arise in the pending Nicaragua v. Colombia II case, this article calls for a cautious attitude towards determination of customary rules from the LOSC.
The fossil avifauna of the tar seeps Las Breas de San Felipe, Matanzas, Cuba
Authors: SUÁREZ WILLIAM
Published: May 2020

The Cuban fossil avifauna, prior to this study, included 30 extinct and extirpated valid taxa. In the present contribution, we review the fossil avifauna from Las Breas de San Felipe, and in so doing increase the diversity of Cuban fossil birds to 36 species with the description of a New World vulture, Coragyps seductus sp. nov., three accipitrids, Gigantohierax itchei sp. nov., Buteogallus royi sp. nov., and Buteo sanfelipensis sp. nov., a small caracara, Milvago diazfrancoi sp. nov., plus Buteogallus cf. B. fragilis (L. Miller, 1911), which is recorded for the first time in Cuba and the Antillean Subregion. Of the total of 34 bird species now registered from Las Breas de San Felipe, 21 (61.8 %) are extinct and 13 (38.2 %) correspond to species that still live in Cuba, other Antillean islands, or in the American continent. Raptors dominate the assemblage, with 26 (76.5 %) species. These are mostly from Accipitridae and Falconidae, and 19 (55.9 %) are diurnal and 7 (20.6 %) nocturnal. This abundance of raptors in Las Breas de San Felipe is similar to the composition from other asphalt deposits known from the American continent such as Rancho La Brea. The palaeoavifauna from this locality can be split, according to ecological preferences, into three groups or guilds. Radiocarbon (14C) dates indicate a late Pleistocene age for some of the recovered bird remains, including those of Antigone cubensis (Fischer & Stephan, 1971) comb. nov., Gymnogyps varonai (Arredondo, 1971) and Ornimegalonyx oteroi (Arredondo, 1958).
Evolution, characterization and phylogenetic utility of ITS2 gene in Orthoptera and some Polyneoptera: Highly variable at the order level and highly conserved at the species level
Authors: ULUAR ONUR , ÇIPLAK BATTAL
Published: May 2020

ITS2 is often suggested as a potential marker for evolutionary studies and species barcoding. However, there are many lineages have not been studied. This study focuses on ITS2 in Polyneoptera at the order and species levels. ITS2 sequences representing six polyneopteran orders and 15 species in the genus Anterastes are studied. We arrived at the following conclusions: (i) ITS2 is highly variable and contains little phylogenetic information in Polyneoptera, (ii) the shortest length and the highest GC content of ITS2 is found in Orthoptera among insects, (iii) the secondary structure exhibits general characteristics of eukaryotes especially in helices II and III, and with no order-specific architecture, (iv) ITS2 is highly conserved at the species level, both in linear sequences and secondary structures, (v) helices I, IA, II, IIA and III almost invariable in nucleotide sequence shared by all species in the genus. At the generic level, the most conspicuous result is the variable pattern in ITS2. It is highly conserved in helical sequences, but highly variable in non/peri-helical regions which we considered to be mutation islands. These frequently mutated regions contain a significant amount of molecular homoplasy, thus, the utility of ITS2 in phylogenetic analyses and species barcoding is low, at least in Polyneoptera.
Description of five new Lophocampa Harris from the Dominican Republic
(Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)
Authors: VINCENT BENOIT
Published: May 2020

Five new species of Lophocampa are described from the Dominican Republic. Lophocampa occidentalis n. sp. is described from two males, Lophocampa perezgelaberti n. sp. from three males and two females, Lophocampa desotoi n. sp. from seven males and two females, Lophocampa sharki n. sp. from three males and Lophocampa flavoabdominalis n. sp. from five males and one female. The habitus and genitalia are illustrated. A comparison with closest species is proposed on morphological and molecular characters.
New record of the soft-bodied genus Franciscideres (Kinorhyncha) from Argentina, with notes on its movement and morphological variation
Authors: RUCCI KEVIN A. , NEUHAUS BIRGER , BULNES VERÓNICA N. , CAZZANIGA NÉSTOR J.
Published: May 2020

Samples collected from Monte Hermoso, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina revealed the presence of specimens of the genus Franciscideres Dal Zotto et al., 2013, previously known only from Brazil. This morphotype seems to differ from the only known species, Franciscideres kalenesos Dal Zotto et al., 2013, in the following characters: (1) presence of ventrolateral tubes on segment 1, (2) introvert features, (3) each segment composed of a closed cuticular ring, (4) trunk cuticle ornamented by a secondary fringe of knob-like structures, (5) posterior margin of segment 10 ventrally terminating in two lateral and one broad triangular lobes, (6) posterior margin of segment 11 centrally terminating in four lobes (7) lateral terminal spines armed with thorn-like processes, (8) pores/sensory spots/gland cells distribution and (9) sexual dimorphism in segments 10 and 11. Because of the lack of full information about F. kalenesos from Brazil, we consider the new exemplars as Franciscideres cf. kalenesos. Additionally, we provide new information about the movement of this species using light microscopy and we compare these movements with those of other meiofaunal inhabitants.
A redescription and a synonym in the South Asian millipede genus Xenobolus Carl, 1919 (Spirobolida, Pachybolidae)
Authors: SANKARAN PRADEEP M. , SEBASTIAN POTHALIL A.
Published: May 2020

The South Asian spiroboloid species Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) is redescribed and illustrated in detail. The genus Xenobolus Carl, 1919 is diagnosed and its relationship and subfamily placement within Pachybolidae Cook, 1897 are discussed. The species Xenobolus acuticonus Attems, 1936 is synonymised with X. carnifex based on morphological and DNA barcoding data. Information on the natural history of X. carnifex is provided and its current distribution is mapped.
Moisture and Temperature Covariability over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau during the Past Nine Centuries
Authors: Wang Jianglin , Yang Bao , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier
Published: May 2020

Accurate projections of moisture variability across the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are crucial for managing regional water resources, ecosystems, and agriculture in densely populated downstream regions. Our understanding of how moisture conditions respond to increasing temperatures over the TP is still limited, due to the short length of instrumental data and the limited spatial coverage of high-resolution paleoclimate proxy records in this region. This study presents a new, early-summer (May–June) self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) reconstruction for the southeastern TP (SETP) covering 1135–2010 CE using 14 tree-ring records based on 1669 individual width sample series. The new reconstruction reveals that the SETP experienced the longest period of pluvial conditions in 1154–75 CE, and the longest droughts during the periods 1262–80 and 1958–76 CE. The scPDSI reconstruction shows stable and significant in-phase relationships with temperature at both high and low frequencies throughout the past 900 years. This supports the hypothesis that climatic warming may increase moisture by enhancing moisture recycling and convective precipitation over the SETP; it is also consistent with climate model projections of wetter conditions by the late twenty-first century in response to global warming.
Attenuation of Central Pacific El Niño Amplitude by North Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
Authors: Xu Kang , Tam Chi-Yung , Liu Boqi , Chen Sheng , Yang Xiaoyi , He Zhuoqi , Xie Qiang , Wang Weiqiang
Published: May 2020

There exists a pronounced asymmetry between the amplitudes of central Pacific (CP) and eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA). The present study examines such an asymmetry and its relationship with the North Pacific SSTA. Results indicate that the weaker CP El Niño amplitude can be attributed to the weaker anomalous zonal wind response to the east–west equatorial SSTA gradient during its growing phase compared with EP El Niño. Furthermore, the occurrence of CP El Niño is closely associated with southwesterly surface wind anomalies in the subtropical North Pacific, as well as ocean warming reminiscent of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) pattern in its vicinity. Both the observations as well as the pacemaker experiments with a coupled global climate model suggest that the anomalous low-level southwesterlies, induced by the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO)-like atmospheric variability, can enhance anomalously positive SST signals and extend them southwestward to the central equatorial Pacific via the wind–evaporation–SST feedback. This will further attenuate the atmospheric response to zonal SSTA gradient, and hence weaken the amplitude of CP El Niño. Therefore, anomalous low-level southwesterlies over the subtropical North Pacific can effectively act as a conduit for tropical–subtropical air–sea interaction in that region, and can play an important role in limiting the intensity of CP El Niño.
Multiple Hydrometeors All-Sky Microwave Radiance Assimilation in FV3GFS
Authors: Tong Mingjing , Zhu Yanqiu , Zhou Linjiong , Liu Emily , Chen Ming , Liu Quanhua , Lin Shian-Jiann
Published: May 2020

Motivated by the use of the GFDL microphysics scheme in the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere Dynamical Core Global Forecast System (FV3GFS), the all-sky radiance assimilation framework has been expanded to include precipitating hydrometeors. Adding precipitating hydrometeors allows the assimilation of precipitation-affected radiance in addition to cloudy radiance. In this upgraded all-sky framework, the five hydrometeors, including cloud liquid water, cloud ice, rain, snow, and graupel, are the new control variables, replacing the original cloud water control variable. The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) was interfaced with the newly added precipitating hydrometeors. Subgrid cloud variability was considered by using the average cloud overlap scheme. Multiple scattering radiative transfer was activated in the upgraded framework. Radiance observations from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) over ocean were assimilated in all-sky approach. This new constructed all-sky framework shows neutral to positive impact on overall forecast skill. Improvement was found in 500-hPa geopotential height forecast in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Temperature forecast was also improved at 850 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere and the tropics.
Monitoring the Caustic Dissolution of Aluminum Alloy in a Radiochemical Hot Cell Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Sadergaski Luke R. , DePaoli David W. , Myhre Kristian G.
Published: May 2020

Chemical processing of highly radioactive materials commonly takes place in heavily shielded hot cells. The remote, real-time monitoring of chemical processing streams via optical spectroscopic techniques in hot cells may be particularly useful. Here, we describe the implementation of Raman spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to monitor the dissolution of aluminum-clad targets containing irradiated aluminum–neptunium oxide cermet pellets in caustic solutions in a hot cell environment. Partial least squares regression analysis was used to generate calibration models to quantify the concentration of dissolved aluminum, nitrate, and hydroxide in solutions within the radiochemical hot cell. This work explored a systematic approach to optimize a matrix of calibration standards using a D-optimal experimental design. The Design of Experiments-based regression model, in comparison to more traditional analytical approaches, was found to be the more practical method for building calibration models, with fewer samples, to obtain informative analytical data from Raman spectra.