bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of genetic variability in F2 interspecific hybrids of mung bean (Vigna radiata) using inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism marker system
Authors: Fatmawati Yeni , Setiawan Agus Budi , Purwantoro Aziz , Respatie Dyah Weny , Teo Chee How
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Fatmawati Y, Setiawan AB, Purwantoro A, Respatie DW, Teo CH. 2021. Analysis of genetic variability in F2 interspecific hybrids of mung bean (Vigna radiata) using inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism marker system. Biodiversitas 22: 4880-4889. Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) categorized as one of the pivotal annual crops of Vigna genera is commonly cultivated in rotation with the cereal crops during the drought season. Conversely, to ameliorate its stunted productivity, the interspecific hybridization technique has been introduced between the mung bean and the common bean to promote genetic improvement with the breeding projects in Indonesia. However, since mung bean is a self-pollinated crop and has a narrow genetic base, the selection and improvement of a specific trait using marker-assisted selection is more challenging. Hence, a precautionary investigation is imperative to evaluate the progenies resulting from interspecific hybridization using an ideal marker. This study aimed to investigate the genetic variability of the F2 population of the interspecific mung bean hybrids using retrotransposon-based markers, particularly Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) markers. In this study, we identified retrotransposon from the mung bean genome and determined the Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) sequence using the LTR Finder. The IRAP primers were designed from a conserved region of the LTR sequence. One hundred of the F2 interspecific hybrids generated from the crossing between mung bean and common bean were successfully discriminated by IRAP markers. The IRAP marker showed high heterozygosity and moderate Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values. The IRAP markers were able to detect genetic variability in the F2 progenies resulting from the interspecific hybridization. Cluster analysis showed that 100 of the F2 progenies were grouped into three clusters. This study demonstrated that retrotransposon-based markers can offer an effective approach for evaluating the segregation in the F2 population of intercross hybrids in the mung bean.
Short Communication: PCR detection of Avibacterium paragallinarum from layers with infectious coryza symptoms in poultry farms of Sleman District, Indonesia
Authors: Fauziah Ima , Asmara Widya , Wahyuni Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti , Widayanti Rini
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Fauziah I, Asmara W, Wahyuni AETH, Widayanti R. 2021. Short Communication: PCR detection of Avibacterium paragallinarum from layers with infectious coryza symptoms in poultry farms of Sleman District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4890-4894. Infectious coryza (IC), caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, is a contagious and infectious respiratory tract disease that affects the commercial poultry industry. Molecular techniques, such as species-specific PCR, HPG-2 PCR are mostly used for the detection of  A. paragallinarum. The current research was carried out to isolate A. paragallinarum from the layers of infectious coryza signs in Sleman District, special region of Yogyakarta, followed by PCR confirmation of the identified bacteria. Nine field isolates were observed and determined based on their colony and cell morphology. All isolates were characterized biochemically and confirmed with species-specific HPG-2 PCR for A. paragallinarum. Out of 9 isolates, 6 (66.7%) isolates were biochemically identified as A. paragallinarum and confirmed by HPG-2 PCR.
Sex ratio, gonadal and condition indexes of the Asiatic hard clam, Meretrix meretrix in Marudu Bay, Malaysia
Authors: DUISAN LADITAH , Salim Gazali , RANSANGAN JULIAN
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Duisan L, Salim G, Ransangan J. 2021. Sex ratio, Gonadal and Condition indexes of the Asiatic Hard Clam, Meretrix meretrix in Marudu Bay, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 22: 4895-4904. Asiatic hard clam, Meretrix meretrix is one of the important shellfishery resources in Marudu Bay, Sabah, Malaysia. It is among the most popular clam species being widely traded in the local wet markets around Sabah, Malaysia. Unfortunately, the shellfishery management for this species has not been well established. In addition to overexploitation, habitat destruction is also one of the significant threats to this species due to the extensive land use of the coastal areas in Sabah. Hence, conservation and breeding efforts for this species are greatly required. Therefore, the current study was conducted to examine the sexual maturity of the clam with respect to shell length classes for artificial seed production purposes. For this study, a total of 86 clam specimens were randomly collected from mudflats in Marudu Bay. The specimens were utilized for gonad histological and condition analyses. The clams were grouped into three shell length classes; (3.00-4.99) cm, (5.00-6.99) cm, and (7.00-8.99) cm prior to the analyses. Results showed the natural stock of the Asiatic hard clams in Marudu Bay was dominated by females (1.39:1) over males with no hermaphroditism observed. The gonadal index was recorded higher among clams with shell lengths between 5.00 and 6.99 cm. The condition index analysis also recorded high (>4.0) for clams in all the shell length classes. The findings of this study suggest that the clams with shell lengths between 5.00 cm and 7.00 cm are already fully matured and can be utilized as a broodstock candidate for an artificial breeding program in the hatchery.
Morphological and anatomical study of four Pyrrosia (Polypodiaeae) species from Rumbai forest, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sofiyanti Nery , Sari Ayu Kumala , Iriani Dyah , Mutrofin Rhozikhinul , Taufiq Ikhwan , Juliantari Erwina , Pranata Syafroni
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Sofiyanti N, Sari AK, Iriani D, Mutrofin R, Taufiq I, Juliantari E, Pranata S. 2021. Morphological and anatomical study of four Pyrrosia (Polypodiaeae) species from Rumbai forest, Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4905-4914. Pyrrosia is one of genera in Polypodiaceae that is commonly distributed at Riau Forest, Indonesia. However, the detailed morphological characteristics and anatomical study of Pyrrosia in this region is scanty. This study was aimed to characterize the morphology and anatomy of four Pyrrosia species (P. angustata, P. lanceolata, P. nipoboloides and P. piloselloides) from Rumbai Forest, Riau Province. All of the specimens were collected in the field. Morphological characters were examined in detail. Anatomical preparation was conducted using the paraffin method. The specimens were then observed and photographed using a light microscope. Principal Component Analysis had been carried out using a total of 52 morphological and anatomical characters. The result showed the morphological variation among the species, especially on the shape of sterile lamina and sori characteristics. Anatomically, the examined species showed variations in outline shape in the transverse section of rhizomes and stipes, schelerenchymatous sheath and strand, as well as number of meristele. The PCA results showed that only three characters (shape of sterile laminae, base of sterile laminae, and upper surface color of sterile laminae) have eigenvalue over 1.00 and together these explain 100% of the total variability of the data. The anatomical data in this study is reported for the first time on Pyrrosia from Riau province.
Dynamics of Toxorhynchites splendens population in the Larval phase at a rubber plantation in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: MUHAMAT MUHAMAT , HADISUSANTO SUWARNO , UMNIYATI SITTI RAHMAH , SOESILOHADI R.C. HIDAYAT
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Muhamat, Hadisusanto S, Umniyati SR, Soesilohadi RCH. 2021. Dynamics of Toxorhynchites splendens population in the Larval phase at a rubber plantation in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4915-4922. This study aims to describe a water-filled rubber sap bowl as a habitat for larval Toxorhynchites splendens. The research used a quota drive count method, taking the first 10 rubber sap bowls found in the study area: (i) with larval Tx. splendens, (ii) with other mosquito larvae, (iii) with water but without mosquito larvae, and (iv) without water. The number of larval Tx. splendens was calculated based on the developmental phase and other mosquito larvae present in each bowl. Environmental factors, such as temperature and humidity, rainfall, wind velocity, and duration of irradiation were the additional data. The results of this study showed that the average frequency of On average, over 20% of bowls contained larval Tx. splendens, and the percentage increased in high rainfall. During low rainfall in August and September, Tx. splendens used water-filled rubber sap bowls as breeding places. This study concludes that Tx. splendens can make use of water-filled rubber sap bowls as places for breeding. Each rubber sap bowl contained one or more individuals of instar larvae 2, and the number decreased as the developmental phase continued because of the limited volume of water in the bowl, cannibalism, and the number of other mosquito larvae as prey.
Genetic variation of doubled haploids derived from anther culture of M1 red rice plants
Authors: NURMANSYAH Nurmansyah , SETYADI ADITYA H. , FATUMI NOR C. , FATMAWATI YENI , WULANDARI RANI A. , PURWANTORO AZIZ
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Nurmansyah, Setyadi AH, Fatumi NC, Fatmawati Y, Wulandari RA, Purwantoro A. 2021. Genetic variation of doubled haploids derived from anther culture of M1 red rice plants. Biodiversitas 22: 4923-4929. The doubled haploid (DH) technology when integrated with induced mutation could accelerate development of local rice cultivars with several desirable traits. Anthers from the first generation of mutant (M1) plants were utilized for DH production. However, the effectiveness of inducing and fixing mutation requires detailed evaluation with the help of molecular techniques for its accuracy and reliability than that of morphological or biochemical assessments. The objective of this research was to develop and detect genetic variation of DH plants derived from anther culture of M1 plants. Seeds of local red rice cultivar, Cempo Abang, were treated with four gamma-ray doses (0, 100, 200, 300 Gy) and planted to produce the M1 plants. Panicles at the booting stage of the M1 plants were collected and used as donor anthers. The present study suggested that gamma irradiation treatments indirectly could increase callus formation. However, it also reduced the number of callus producing plantlets due to higher frequency of brown calli. Eleven spontaneous DH plants obtained in the study along with parental plants were assessed to determine the occurrence of genetic variation using six RAPD primers. The RAPD primers generated 51 bands, of which 34 alleles or 66.7% were polymorphic with an average of 5.6 polymorphic alleles per primer. The genetic similarity among parent and 11 DH lines based on Jaccard’s similarity index ranged from 0.622 to 0.902. The DNA polymorphism among the DH plants demonstrated the effect of gamma irradiation to create genetic variation. Therefore, this method could be used as an alternative for rice breeding programs especially to develop preferred traits in the local rice cultivars.
Ethnozoological study of the wild pig (Sus spp.) hunting among Sundanese in Upper Citarum Watershed area, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyanto Dede , Abdoellah Oekan Soekotjo , Iskandar Johan , Gunawan Budhi
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Mulyanto D, Abdoellah OS, Iskandar J, Gunawan B. 2021. Ethnozoological study of the wild pig (Sus spp.) hunting among Sundanese in Upper Citarum Watershed area, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4930-4939. In the past, wild pigs had a high population in the rural ecosystem of West Java. However, the population of wild pigs, particularly Javan warty pig, decreases due to forest destructions and intensive hunting. This study aimed to elucidate the local knowledge on wild pigs, the mode of hunting, and diverse aspects of wild pig hunting. We conducted qualitative methods with ethnozoological approach, including participant observation and in-depth interview. The results showed that based on the local people the wild pig can be divided into four “races”, while based on zoology, two species of wild pig are documented in Java. During hunts all members get specific key roles. Thus, hunting success is increased by division of labor. Hunting wild pigs played an important role in socio-economic and cultural function for the village community. Due to intensive hunting of wild pigs, the population of these animals, particularly the Javan warty pig are decreased, and consequently the socio-economy of this animal in rural ecosystem may decrease ot even disappear.
presence of whale sharks based on oceanographic variations in Cenderawasih Bay National Park, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Manuhutu JAFRY FERDINAN , WIADNYA DEWA GEDE RAKA , SAMBAH ABU BAKAR , HERAWATI ENDANG YULI
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Manuhutu JF, Wiadnya DGR, Sambah AB, Herawati EY. 2021. The presence of whale sharks based on oceanographic variations in Cenderawasih Bay National Park, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4948-4955. Oceanographic factors have an important role in the study of estimating the distribution of fish resource habitats. Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Sea Surface Chlorophyll (SSC), Current Speed, Sea Surface Height (SSH), and bathymetry are important parameters that have been used in estimating the habitat of certain species. Through analyzing these environmental factors, research on the appearance and distribution of whale shark habitats in the Cenderawasih Bay National Park in Papua, Indonesia, utilized field observation data and satellite imagery. This study applied data on the presence of whale sharks and oceanographic parameter data from satellite recordings during 2019 – 2020. Analysis of the relationship and habitat modeling between the monthly presence of whale sharks and environmental parameters was carried out through the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) statistical approach and spatial analysis through the Geographic Information System approach. In the GAM analysis, data on the presence of whale sharks was used as a response variable. In contrast, the predictor variables consisted of SST, SSC, current speed, SSH, and bathymetric data. The results showed that the highest frequency of whale shark presence occurred in the transitional monsoon, with an average presence of 31.77 ± 4.00 %. The study also showed that all predictors showed a highly significant relationship (P < 0.001) to the number of whale sharks present. SST values range from 30.3 – 31.3 °C, SSC of 0.39 – 0.86 mg/L, the current speed of 0.46 – 0.65 m/s, SSH showed 0.63 to 1.00 cm, and bathymetry between 40 – 50 m . In the GAM model, the SST and SSC parameters were the two most important parameters that affect the presence of whale sharks, followed by SSHD, depth (bathymetry), and current parameters.
Composition, community structure, and vertical distribution of epiphytic ferns on Cyathea junghuhniana in Gede-Pangrango National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Hadisunarso Hadisunarso , Praptosuwiryo Titien Ngatinem
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Hasanah U, Hadisunarso, Praptosuwiryo TN. 2021. Composition, community structure, and vertical distribution of epiphytic ferns on Cyathea junghuhniana in Gede-Pangrango National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4968-4976. Epiphytic ferns are a significant component of tropical forests worldwide and contribute significantly to the high species diversity found in tropical regions. Tree ferns are important phorophytes for the establishment and occurrence of epiphytic fern species in tropical forests. The first detailed description of the diversity and abundance of epiphytic ferns on the tree fern Cyathea junghuhniana (Kunze) Copel.  in a natural forest of Indonesia is provided. This study aimed to determine the species composition, richness, abundance, community structure, and vertical distribution of epiphytic ferns growing on the tree fern C.  junghuhniana in the mountain forest of Gede-Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia. The 35 tree fern caudices of at least 3 m height were selected by purposive random sampling. Each tree fern was divided into intervals of 1 meter from ground level to a height of three meters, thus obtaining 105 one-meter samples of the epiphytic fern community on tree fern caudices stratified according to height. The Importance Value Index (IVI) was estimated for each species of epiphyte based on the frequency of occurrence on caudices. The 35 tree fern caudices hosted 760 fern epiphytes belonging to 12 species of 9 genera and 6  families. The highest species richness occurred in Polypodiaceae. The species with the highest Importance Value Index (IVI = 1.24 %) was Nephrolepis davallioides (Sw.) Kunze, with increasing frequency from bottom to top of the caudex.
Monitoring of diversity, abundance, activity period and habitat use of wildlife species around the wildlife corridor that connects the natural world heritage site of Thailand
Authors: PLA-ARD MANANYA , KHIOESREE NORASET , KEAWDEE BUNYATIPORN , HUNGHENG WIPAVEE , CHATTRAKULDEE PATTANAPHON , PENGTHONG PHANITSUPHA , THONGBANTHUM JIDAPA , PAANSRI PAANWARIS , CHARASPET KHWANRUTAI , PANGANTA TANAPONE , CHANACHAI YUWARAK , DUENGKAE PRATEEP , MAROD DOKRAK , UTHAIRASMEE SUWIMOL , KAEWKRACHANG THARNRAT , BHUMPAKPHAN NARIS , TRISURAT YONGYUT , SUKSAVATE WARONG , SUNGKAEW SARAWOOD , PONGPATTANANURAK NANTACHAI , RACHARAK PHRUET , WIWATWITTAYA DECHA , TASEN WATTANACHAI , Sukmasuang Ronglarp
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This study on the monitoring of the diversity and abundance of wildlife around the wildlife corridor area on Highway 304, which passes through Khao Yai and Thap Lan National Parks, was conducted during September 2017 and May 2021 using camera traps to constantly monitor the area. A total of at least 51 wildlife species from 30 families, 14 orders were recorded. The species with the highest abundances were Sambar Deer, Wild Boar, Northern Pig-tailed Macaque, Gaur, Northern Red Muntjac, Siamese Fireback, Malayan Porcupine, Red Junglefowl, etc. The wildlife species recorded include 2 critically endangered species, 3 endangered, 10 vulnerable, 1 near threatened. In this study we also recorded images of a Fishing Cat, which is the first photographically record in this World Heritage Site. The evenness index indicates that the wildlife community in the area is stable. No significant differences in the diversity and abundance of wildlife before or after the corridor construction were seen. The wildlife in the area were active throughout the day. We also found that the highway is the main factor effecting the presence of wildlife. The study results show the importance of this area that the highway passes through. Building wildlife corridors between the two national parks is very important for maintaining the wildlife community as well as continuity. Suggestions from the study include management of human activity in the area including traffic, noise, vehicle speed and living activities in the area that may attract wildlife closer to the community and cause other impacts.
Biochemical criteria for the development mechanisms of various reproduction disorders in dairy cows
Authors: Ventsova Inna , SAFONOV VLADIMIR
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Ventsova I, Safonov V. 2021. Biochemical criteria for the development mechanisms of various reproduction disorders in dairy cows. Biodiversitas 22: 4997-5002. The article presents the evaluation of peroxide, antioxidant, and hormonal conditions of high-producing red-and-white dairy cows in the physiological and pathological course of pregnancy and the postpartum period. The blood concentration of malonic dialdehyde, stable nitric oxide metabolites, S-nitrosothiols, vitamins E and C, carotin, gonadal, corticosteroid, and thyroid hormones, as well as activity of GPx, GR, SOD, catalase, and ceruloplasmin, were estimated to define major disorder-provoking factors. Analysis of the data shows that ketosis-gestosis syndrome during pregnancy, postpartum metritis, and gonadal dysfunction occur mainly because of oxidative stress in the context of unbalanced peroxide responses and antioxidant protection. Levels of malonic dialdehyde compared to healthy animals increased by 42.3%, 75%, 56.6%, respectively, as also enzyme activities of GR by 26%, 68.1%, 30.1% and catalase by 17.3%, 45.1%, and 23.9%, correspondingly. The endocrine status indicators in the animals with ketosis-gestosis syndrome changed as follows: progesterone levels were 29.5% lower in cows, 17?-estradiol and cortisol were 20.8% and 14.7% lower, respectively. In animals with inflammatory uterine diseases and depressing reproductive glands, progesterone level was 2 and 3 times lower than in healthy animals, the content of cortisol was 17.6% and 25.1% lower, and testosterone decreased by 21.4% and 75.1%, respectively.
Diversity of Bacillus spp. from soybean phyllosphere as potential antagonist agents for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines causal of pustule disease
Authors: Nurcahyanti Suhartiningsih Dwi , Wahyuni Wiwiek Sri , Masnilah Rachmi , Nurdika Anggi Anwar Hendra
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Nurcahyanti SD, Wahyuni WS, Masnilah R, Nurdika AAH. 2021. Diversity of Bacillus spp. from soybean phyllosphere as potential antagonist agents for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines causal of pustule disease. Biodiversitas 22: 5003-5011. Pustule disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) is an important disease in soybean. Bacteria from soybean phyllosphere is one of the potential biological agents against this disease. This is because the microorganisms have similarity. This study aimed to determine the diversity and species of bacteria from the soybean phyllosphere that have potential as biological agents. The research was carried out by morphological observation, physiological - biochemical testing,  and molecularly with BOX AIR primer. Molecular identification was carried out by amplifying the 16S-rRNA gene with 27F and 1492R primers. The results showed that 11 isolates could inhibit Xag in vitro which showed morphological, biochemical, and molecular diversity. These bacteria were identified as Bacillus spp. which consisted of 4 groups, namely Bacillus siamensis, B. subtilis. B. amyloliquifaction and B. velezensis. The diversity of phyllosphere bacteria allows them to be used as biological agents because they do not inhibit each other and have diverse living abilities in various environmental conditions.
Incidence of banana leaf roller and diversity of it is parasitoids in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Pasaru Flora , Yunus Mohammad , Toana Moh. Hibban , Edy Nur , ANSHARY ALAM , SALEH SHAHABUDDIN
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Pasaru F, Yunus M, Toana MH, Edy N, Anshary A, Saleh S. 2021. Incidence of banana leaf roller and diversity of it is parasitoids in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5023-5029. Incidence of banana leaf roller and diversity of it is parasitoids in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Indonesia is still facing banana losses due to the leaf roller (Erionota thrax). Fortunately, it has several natural enemies potentially to control them. Therefore, a survey was done to measure the incidence of banana leaf roller (BLR) at different altitudes and banana cultivars as well as the diversity and parasitism of its parasitoids. The pra-imago stages of BLR were collected at different altitudes and banana cultivars in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, and transported to the laboratory for rearing and parasitism observation. The study revealed that the incidence of E. thrax in the surveyed locations varied from 28.6% to 85.8%, whereas the parasitism level of the BLR parasitoids was 0.0 to 22.1%. Incidence of E. thrax tended to be higher at a higher altitude while Kepok cultivar seemed to be less prone to BLR infestation compared with Raja and Mas cultivars. A total of nine parasitoids of BLR were recorded. They were Agiommatus sumatraensis, Pediobius erionotae, Ooencyrtus pallidipes, Brachymeria lasus, Brachymeria thracis, Cotesia erionatae, Xanthopimpla gampsura, Casinaria sp, and Palexorista solennis. Among them, B. lasus was the most abundant, widely distributed, and had the highest parasitism rate. Our study figured out that BLR infestation is a major problem in Central Sulawesi. Nevertheless, the presence of parasitoids recorded in this study may potentially be used as the biological control.
Bioprospecting of cow's ruminal microbiota from a slaughterhouse in Ambarawa, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: MURWANI RETNO , SIBERO MADA TRIANDALA , SILITONGA POLA RISDA ASWITA , AMBARIYANTO AMBARIYANTO
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Murwani R, Sibero MT, Silitonga PRA, Ambariyanto A. 2021. Bioprospecting of cow's ruminal microbiota from a slaughterhouse in Ambarawa, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5030-5038. Ruminal microorganisms play essential roles in maintaining ruminant health. However, most studies focused only on ruminal lactic acid bacteria (LAB), although other ruminal microorganisms might have biological properties for biotechnological purposes. Therefore, the current study aimed to isolate ruminal bacteria (LAB and non-LAB) and fungi from ruminal material and conducted a bioprospecting study to understand their ability to produce antibacterial compounds and polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. The ruminal bacteria were isolated on MRS and ISP4 agar, while PDA was used to isolate the different fungi. The antibacterial property was tested against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhi. The ability to produce agarase, alginate-lyase, and carrageenase was screened. Prospective isolates were identified using DNA barcoding approach. Twelve bacteria were isolated using MRS agar, six from ISP4 agar, and four fungi from PDA. Among twelve bacteria from MRS agar, eleven were considered LAB, which consisted of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici. Several classes of bacteria such as actinobacteria, firmicutes, ?-proteobacteria, and ?-proteobacteria were isolated during this study. In addition, three fungal classes, namely Saccharomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Mucoromycetes were also isolated. All bacteria from MRS agar were suggested to have potential compounds with antimicrobial activity, while all ruminal fungi exhibited potential sources of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes.
Profile variation of bla genes among non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacilli between clinical and environmental isolates of Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Endraputra Pristiawan Navy , KUNTAMAN KUNTAMAN , Wasito Eddy Bagus , Shirakawa Toshiro , Raharjo Dadik , Setyarini Wahyu
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Endraputra PN, Kuntaman K, Wasito EB, Shirakawa T, Raharjo D, Setyarini W. 2021. Profile variation of bla genes among non-lactose fermenting Gram negative bacilli between clinical and environmental isolates of Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5047-5054. Carbapenem-resistant non-fermenter Gram-negative bacilli are notorious opportunistic pathogens in hospitalized patients and hospital environments. This study explored the carbapenemase gene among non-fermenter Gram-negative bacilli from hospital wastewater and clinical isolates in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. All samples were screened on MacConkey agar with meropenem 2 µg/ml and gene detected by Multiplex PCR. All samples were screened on MacConkey agar with meropenem 2 µg/ml and gene detected by Multiplex PCR. A total of 121 isolates consisted of 76 clinical (41 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and 35 carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa), 45 environmental isolates (6 carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 32 carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp.), and 7 screening samples (all CRPAs). Clinical isolates carbapenemase genes were identified, blaOXA-23-like 21 (28%), blaOXA-24-like 30 (39%), blaNDM-1 1 (1%), and blaIMP-1 6 (8%) while environmental isolates were blaOXA-23-like 5 (13%), blaOXA-24-like 4 (11%), blaOXA-48-like 2 (5%), blaNDM-1 13 (34%), blaVIM 12 (32%), and blaIMP-1 4 (11%). Rectal swab screening specimens presented blaOXA-23-like 3 (43%), blaOXA-24-like 3 (43%), and blaNDM-1 1 (14%). The carbapenemase gene pattern was different between clinical and environmental isolates. The blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-24-like were most prevalent among in both clinical and wastewater, while blaVIM was mostly in wastewater. The presence of carbapenem-resistant non-fermenter Gram-negative bacilli carrying carbapenemase genes in hospital effluents indicated that the community river was seeded with an antimicrobial resistance gene.
Morphometric variation of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas (Xiphosura: Limulidae) from the Banyuasin estuarine of South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: FAUZIYAH Fauziyah , MUSTOPA APON Z. , FATIMAH FATIMAH , PURWIYANTO ANNA I. S. , ROZIRWAN ROZIRWAN , AGUSTRIANI FITRI , PUTRI WIKE A.E.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Fauziyah, Mustopa AZ, Fatimah, Purwiyanto AIS, Rozirwan, Agustriani F, Putri WAE. 2021. Morphometric variation of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas (Xiphosura: Limulidae) from the Banyuasin estuarine of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5061-5070. Morphological studies are essential for fish resource management, ecology, conservation, and stock assessment. This research was conducted to characterize the morphological variation of the coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) from the Banyuasin estuarine, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The body weight (BW), prosoma width (PW), carapace length (CL), telson length (TEL), and total length (TL) were measured for describing the morphometric variability of T. gigas. A total of 70 T. gigas (32 females and 38 males) were found using trammel net fishing and bottom gillnet during the survey. Multivariate and allometric methods analyzed their morphometric characters. Based on Kruskal- Wallis tests, the result showed a significant difference in somebody measurements (TL and CL) between males and females. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that all morphometric characters had a strong correlation in both sexes, so the first principal component (PC1) values were 92% and 72%. In comparison, the second principal component (PC2) values were 5% and 20% in females and males, respectively. The results of discriminant function analysis (DFA) suggested that only one (BW) of the five morphometric characters was significant in separating both sexes. Both sexes were also revealed variations in growth patterns based on the allometric analysis results. These results were expected to be used as a basis for managing the horseshoe crab population-based conservation.
The diversity of fungi consortium isolated from polluted soil for degrading petroleum hydrocarbon
Authors: NOVIANTY RIRYN , HIDAYAH ANNISA , SARYONO SARYONO , AWALUDDIN AMIR , PRATIWI NOVA WAHYU , HIDAYAH ANNISA , JULIANTARI ERIWINA
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Novianty R, Saryono, Awaluddin A, Pratiwi NW, Hidayah A, Juliantari E. 2021. The diversity of fungi consortium isolated from polluted soil for degrading petroleum hydrocarbon. Biodiversitas 22: 5077-5084. One of the major problems in the petroleum industry nowadays is crude oil spills. Riau Province, Sumatra is one of the largest oil producers in Indonesia. Accidental releases of petroleum products are of particular concern to the environment. The process of drilling and refining petroleum generates a large amount of oil sludge. One of the effective technologies used in the waste degradation process is bioremediation using certain microorganisms. The prime objective of the current research was to evaluate the efficiency of fungi consortiums in crude oil degradation in Bumi Siak Pusako-Pertamina Hulu, Indonesia. There are three potential fungi isolates as petroleum hydrocarbon degradation agents with four consortium variations. The parameter values of Optical Density (OD), pH, and diluted CO2 were measured on 0, 4, 8, and 16 days. To evaluate the fungal biodegradation activity using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed that consortium II (KF II) has the highest potential to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon (50.61%). The visual GC-MS examination confirmed a decrease in the peak area for eight hydrocarbon compounds, indicating the efficiency of the fungi in the oil decomposition and dismantling of hydrocarbons. Our findings may provide new information on native fungal resources from chronically contaminated terrestrial environments, and will be useful for petroleum-contaminated bioremediation and other industrial applications.
Response of termite communities to natural forest conversion
Authors: Heriza Sri , BUCHORI DAMAYANTI , HARAHAP IDHAM SAKTI , MARYANA NINA
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Heriza S, Buchori D, Harahap IS, Maryana N. 2021. Response of termite communities to natural forest conversion. Biodiversitas 22: 5092-5096. Natural forest conversion can affect termite communities resulting from the various types of land use conversion. This study aims to examine the impacts of natural forest conversion on termite communities based on species richness, feeding groups, and termite species composition. Four land use types were evaluated on a gradient from the least to the most disturbing: natural forest, plantation forest, oil palm plantations and settlements. The method used to observe termites in this study is a plot measured 50 m x 10 m and was divided into sub-plots of 5 m x 5 m. The termites were collected from leaf litter and soil, dead wood, trunks, and nests. The response of the termite community to the conversion of natural forest functions into other forms of land use types, where for termite species richness, there was no significant differences between land uses, but for abundance and based on feeding groups there were difference between them.
Short communication: Variations in leaf morphological characters of Shorea leprosula in progeny trial stand of a logging concession in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Meinata Alnus , NA’IEM MUHAMMAD , ADRIYANTI DWI TYANINGSIH
Published: January 2022

Indonesia has the highest distribution of Dipterocarpaceae members, and Shorea leprosula is one of the species that has a natural hybrid in its habitat. Furthermore, the members have intermediate morphological character with the neighboring species, Shorea curtisii. This study aimed to investigate the morphological variations of Shorea leprosula Miq. Progeny trial in PT Sari Bumi Kusuma. The morphological level of 72 Shorea leprosula in PT Sari Bumi Kusuma was identified through sampling. Furthermore, macroscopic and microscopic observations were conducted, and the measurement data were analyzed using cluster and principal component analyses to explain the morphological variable contribution. The results showed leaf architecture variations in laminar shape, apex shape, base shape, and midrib thickness category. The cluster analyses classified the samples into four cluster groups and they consist of a notophyll leaf size category with a rounded base. Meanwhile, the second group consists of an ellipse laminar shape with medium midrib thickness, and the third has an oblong laminar with an obtuse apex shape. The fourth group has a notophyll leaf size category with an obtuse base. The principal component analysis showed that the base shape has the highest contribution to diversity in the samples.
Distribution of carbon stocks in drainage areas on peatlands of Sungai Tohor Village, Meranti Islands District, Indonesia
Authors: Silviana Sinta Haryati , SAHARJO BAMBANG HERO , SUTIKNO SIGIT
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Silviana SH, Saharjo BH, Sutikno S. 2021. Distribution of carbon stocks in drainage areas on peatlands of Sungai Tohor Village, Meranti Islands District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5106-5114. Peatland ecosystems provide a variety of environmental services and biodiversity with their ability to store and absorb carbon. The increase of land clearing followed by the construction of drainage or canal has resulted in the degradation of peatlands and is prone to fire incidences. Canal construction, whether we realize it or not, has a negative ecological impact on the in situ (local) environment, namely land degradation and subsidence, as well as a wider (global) impact in the form of loss of carbon stocks, increased GHG emissions that can trigger global warming. This study aims to identify the distribution of carbon in the area where drainage is made where the distribution of carbon stock in starting at a distance of 10 m, 50 m, 100 m, 250 m, and 350 m from the canal. The study was conducted on the community plantations including unburned areas (rubber plantations and secondary forests) and burned areas. The influence of land use and drainage development on carbon stock distribution is rarely known. The results showed a decrease in C-Stock with a decrease in drainage distance. The quantity of carbon stock in secondary forests ranged from 13.275 ton ha-1 - 24.839 ton ha-1, Burnt Area-1 ranged from 6.995 ton ha-1 - 11.59 ton ha-1, and Burnt Area 2 ranged from 4.677 ton ha-1 - 12.580 ton ha-1. In contrast, rubber plantations had higher C-stock in the initial observation distance, around 9.064 ton ha-1 - 11.805 ton ha-1, which may be due to intensive land use near the canal.
The diversity and vegetation structure based on growth levels at an urban green campus in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia
Authors: DARMAWATI Darmawati , MULYADI ARAS , SUWONDO SUWONDO , HARTO SYAFRI
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Darmawati, Mulyadi A, Suwondo, Harto S. 2021. The diversity and vegetation structure based on growth levels at an urban green campus in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5123-5132. The Bina Widya campus of the University of Riau (UNRI), Pekanbaru, Indonesia has the green open space (GOS) in its area and there are many species of vegetation. In a green open space, variables like diversity and vegetation structure must be considered based on growth levels, this study intended to determine the composition, structure, and diversity of vegetation.The results showed that there were 33 species of trees, 29 species of poles, 16 species of saplings, and 8 species of seedlings from 44 species belonging to 22 families. There were 874 individuals which consisted of 534 trees, 207 poles, 87 saplings, and 46 seedlings. The most common species found was Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae) with 289 individuals. The highest Important Value Index of vegetation species at each growth level was the tree of Alstonia scholaris (L) R.Br (300%, location IX), the pole of Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (300%, location VII), saplings of Vitex pinnata L. (300%, location IV), and S. macrophylla King (300%, locations I), seedlings of S. macrophylla King (300%, location I), and Garcinia mangostana L (300%, location IX). We did not find vegetation species at the levels of sapling or seedling in locations of II, III, V, VI, and VIII. It is necessary to replant the vegetation. The highest Species Diversity Index (H') at location X was trees (2.34), poles (2.28), saplings (1.77), and seedlings (1.17). The average H’ vegetation at Bina Widya Campus UNRI was 2.44 (medium). Vegetation on the Bina Widya Campus is fairly steady in terms of delivering advantages for human environmental services.
Species diversity of seagrass-associated bivalves as an ecological parameter to support seagrass conservation along with the Coastal Waters of South Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Syukur Abdul , ZULKIFLI LALU , IDRUS AGIL AL , HIDAYATI BAIQ NUNUNG
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Syukur A, Zulkifli L, Idrus AA, Hidayati BN. 2021. Species diversity of seagrass-associated bivalves as an ecological parameter to support seagrass conservation along with the Coastal Waters of South Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5133-5144. Seagrass has a role in supporting the survival of marine life, such as bivalves. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bivalve species diversity as a parameter for seagrass conservation. The research approach was through observation and data collection for seagrass and bivalves using quadrant and transect methods—Analysis of the data through descriptive statistical analysis, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The number of seagrass species in the six research sites was nine. Furthermore, the species composition of bivalves consisted of 11 families comprising 47 species. The ANOVA results showed a significant difference based on the F-count value, higher than the F-table value of the three ecological indices (H', E, and Ki). Two ecological indices, namely H' and Ki, have r values ??less than 0.5 for all environmental parameters (temperature, brightness, pH, salinity, DO, phosphate, and nitrate) and show no significant correlation. However, the E index value has an r value greater than 0.5 for nitrate, salinity DO, and phosphate. The highest significance value of the four environmental variables is for nitrate, with an r = 0.875. The conclusion is that the richness and abundance of seagrass-associated bivalves in the study area are predetermined by the characteristics of the seagrass environment, especially the substrate. Secondly, seagrasses could create a suitable substrate for bivalves to survive. Therefore, the indicator of the presence of associated Bivalvia species can be a parameter for local scale seagrass conservation at the study site.
Short Communication: Incidence of insect pest on planted Shorea macrophylla at reforestation sites in Gunung Apeng National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Sidi Mogeret , Wasli Mohd Effendi , Polly Elfera , Mohamad Jaffar Aina Nadia Najwa , Kalu Meekiong , SANI HAMSAWI , Nahrawi Hafsah , Elias Hashimah , OMAR DZOLKHIFLI
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Sidi MB, Wasli ME, Polly E, Jaffar ANNM, Kalu M, Sani H, Nahrawi H, Elias H, Omar D. 2021. Short Communication: Incidence of insect pest on planted Shorea macrophylla at reforestation sites in Gunung Apeng National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 22: 5162-5168. Incidence of insect pest in Shorea macrophylla (de Vriese) P.S. Ashton had critical foliage damage in mono planting technique. The main objectives were to assess the foliage damage intensity of planted S. macrophylla by age stands and type of foliage damage. The insect pest attacks the foliage of S. macrophylla was determined. The study site was located at Gunung Apeng National Park (GANP), Sarawak, Malaysia, with planted S. macrophylla in enrichment planting at different years (planted in 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 for age stand 6, 5, 4, and 3, respectively). The results showed that the degree of foliage damage decreases with the age stand of S. macrophylla tree. Therefore, foliage damage was suspected to be caused by insect pests. Among the common foliage damages observed was "hole damage" caused by insect order Lepidoptera. Although foliage damage was significant, the severity of the damage will "heal" as the age stand increases. Further investigation on other possible causes of these pest attacks should be initiated to find solutions that may hasten the growth of planted S. macrophylla for forest restoration.
Isolation and characterization of soil actinobacteria as cellulolytic enzyme producer from Aceh Besar, Indonesia
Authors: Fitri Lenni , BESSANIA MOHAMMAD ADZANNIE , SEPTI NADIA , SUHARTONO SUHARTONO
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Fitri L, Bessania MA, Septi N, Suhartono S. 2021. Isolation and characterization of soil actinobacteria as cellulolytic enzyme producer from Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5169-5180. Cellulolytic actinobacteria are cellulase-producing bacteria capable of degrading cellulose. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, evaluate the cellulolytic ability, and to determine physiological characterization of soil cellulolytic actinobacteria isolated from the Ujung Pancu area, Aceh Besar. Isolation of actinobacteria from soil samples was performed using serial dilution method on Yeast Malt Agar (YMA) medium. Morphological characterization was carried out by growing isolates on YMA, Oatmeal Agar (OA), and Yeast Starch Agar (YSA) media. Cellulolytic ability was determined by calculating the cellulolytic index (IS) on 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) medium after adding 0.1% congo red solution. Physiological characterization of cellulolytic actinobacteria tested in this study was salinity, pH, and carbon source in liquid Yeast Malt (liquid YM), and the growth was measured at a wavelength of 581nm. The results showed that a total of nine isolates of actinobacteria were isolated, which belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Cellulolytic test results showed that eight isolates had the ability to degrade cellulose. Isolates AUP-04, AUP-03, and AUP-01 had the highest cellulolytic index value. Physiological characterization results revealed that three isolates had different tolerances for salinity levels, pH, and types of carbon sources. AUP-03 isolate grew well at 10% salinity with an OD value of 0.88, isolate AUP-01 grew at 5% salinity with an OD value of 0.49, whereas isolate AUP-04 grew well on media that did not contain salinity. All three isolates grew well at pH 6 with OD values of 0.93, 1.12, and 1.27. AUP-03 and AUP-01 isolates grew well on media containing dextrose as carbon source with OD values of 0.154 and 0.17, respectively, while isolate AUP-04 grew well on glucose-containing media with an OD value of 0.22.
Detection of marine microalgae (phytoplankton) quality to support seafood health: A case study on the west coast of South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Tambaru Rahmadi , BURHANUDDIN ANDI I. , MASSINAI ARNIATI , AMRAN MUHAMMAD A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Tambaru R, Burhanuddin AI, Massinai A, Amran MA. 2021. Detection of marine microalgae (phytoplankton) quality to support seafood health: a case study on the west coast of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5179- 5186. The research aimed to detect marine microalgae quality to support seafood health was carried out from January to November 2020 along the west coast of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Samples were collected from the coastal waters of Pangkep District, Maros District, and the northern part of Makassar City. Phytoplankton cell counts were obtained using the deposition method developed by Uthermol. Phytoplankton cell abundances were calculated through sweeping (census) using a Sedgwick Rafter Cell (SRC). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the distribution of marine microalgae community abundance between observation stations and periods. Based on the types and relative abundance of phytoplankton present, i.e., harmful algal bloom (HAB) forming or not (non-HAB), the results showed the quality of marine microalgae, specifically, phytoplankton was relatively good. Many more non-HAB (94-98%) than HAB (2-6%) marine microalgae were detected. Thus, the phytoplankton flourishing in these waters is mostly suitable as food for other organisms, including fish and shellfish. This also means that if fishers harvest these fish and shellfish, they should be fit and safe for human consumption.