bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racismo y Prejuicio: Una Revisión de la Literatura en Revistas Latinoamericanas desde una Perspectiva Analítico-Conductual
Authors: Barrera-Torres Oswaldo , Gajardo-Ayala David , Bautista-Ramírez Cristina , Jiménez-Ríos Rubén Jesús
Published: March 2021

El propósito del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión de literatura en revistas latinoamericanas de los últimos 40 años, sobre el racismo y el prejuicio racial desde la perspectiva analítico-conductual. Asimismo, se describen los marcos de referencia de dichas perspectiva y se da una interpretación sobre el racismo y del prejuicio racial desde una perspectiva analítico-conductual. Los resultados indicaron una carencia de trabajos respecto al tema, sólo pudiendo identificar 5 artículos, todos en lengua portuguesa provenientes de Brasil. Se concluye con un llamado a la acción hacia los psicólogos para participar en la comprensión del fenómeno, como también en la intervención para mitigarlo señalando algunas posibles rutas de trabajo.
MANEJO DE MEDIDAS DE BIOSEGURIDAD EN EL PERSONAL DE ENFERMERÍA QUE LABORA EN EL ÁREA DE EMERGENCIA DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL NORTE DE GUAYAQUIL IESS LOS CEIBOS
Authors: Gutiérrez Bermúdez Joselyn Melissa , Navas Román Jessica Ivonne , Barrezueta Álvarez Nuria Gabriela , Alvarado Córdova Christopher Alexis
Published: March 2021

Introducción: Las medidas de Bioseguridad son un conjunto de normas preventivas que debe aplicar el personal de salud y de enfermería para evitar el contagio por la exposición de agentes infecciosos, sean físicos, químicos o biológicos. Objetivo: Determinar el manejo de las medidas  de bioseguridad del personal de enfermería del servicio de emergencia del Hospital General Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos. Fundamentándose en la gran problemática del manejo de los riesgos biológicos en el personal sanitario, que con frecuencia omite aplicar normas de seguridad, lo que aumenta el riesgo de contraer una enfermedad infectocontagiosa de tipo laboral. Materiales y métodos: La metodología empleada fue diseño descriptivo, con corte transversal, Cuali-cuantitativo. La recolección de datos se la realizó mediante la aplicación de cuestionarios pre estructurado, los cuales ayudaron a establecer el nivel de conocimientos y manejo de las medidas de bioseguridad por parte del personal. La muestra la conformaron 90 enfermeras y enfermeros que laboran en el área de emergencia. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron que el nivel de conocimiento del personal de enfermería es alto o adecuado con un porcentaje promedio de 77,67%, por ende, el 22,33% del personal desconoce estas medidas preventivas o tiene conocimiento deficiente. Con respecto a la aplicación de las medidas de bioseguridad se obtuvo un porcentaje general de 47%, es decir se considera la aplicación de estas normas por parte del personal deficiente e insuficiente. Conclusión: Se menciona que hay riesgos en el área de emergencia, prevaleciendo entre ellos el biológico de acuerdo a la opinión del personal encuestado, por otra parte, se determinó un conocimiento eficiente de las medidas de bioseguridad, pero su aplicación en relación al conocimiento es deficiente, situación que incrementa el riesgo laboral.
My Camera is My Weapon: The Discursive Development of Iranian Women and Cyber-Feminism
Authors: Malekpour Miniature
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to look at the major socio-political shifts and stages that Iranian women have experienced from the establishment of the 1907 Constitution until the recent 2018/2019 White Wednesday Campaigns, which saw women take to the streets and remove their hijab as a means of protest against the current government. By examining the role of different veiling practices throughout the last century, this study situates our current scenario, in which women are using their smartphones to organize and make a statement politically, and considers its implications on Iranian society through the role of social-media and Cyber-Feminism.
Founding of the Punjab Public Library, Lahore
Authors: Anwar Mumtaz A.
Published: March 2021

This paper, using primary sources of historical evidence, traces the founding of the Punjab Public Library, Lahore. It briefly reviews the beginnings of subscription libraries, book clubs, station libraries and libraries for Western-Oriented Gentry (WOGs). The antecedents of the Punjab Public Library are dealt with. These led to the government initiative to create this library which had some unique features different from its contemporaries. It deals with its special features which were distinct from other contemporary libraries. Eight archival documents are reproduced in the paper. A fuller history of this library still needs to be written.
Specification of Quality Indicators for Security Event and Incident Management in the Supply Chain
Authors: Kotenko Igor V. , Parashchuk Igor B.
Published: March 2021

The paper proposes an approach to a formalized description of the process of changing the values of quality indicators of decision support for managing security events and incidents in the supply chain. The approach is based on the analysis of the functioning processes of modern quality control systems for information security in supply chain. In addition, it is based on an analysis of decision support processes. We use controlled Markov chains, represented by difference stochastic equations. The considered version of the analytical description of the state change in dynamics allows one to formalize, structure, and mathematically describe the process of this class from a uniform perspective. It is important to note that with this representation of the dynamics of state transitions, the requirements for operativity (timeliness), reliability, secrecy and resource costs for supporting decision-making to control information security in the supply chain are taken into account.
Integrated Processing of Spatial Information based on Multidimensional Data Models for General Planning Tasks
Authors: Mihaylenko Viktor , Honcharenko Tetyana , Chupryna Khrystyna , Liazschenko Tamara
Published: March 2021

The article presents the development of method of integrated spatial information processing based on multidimensional data models. Joint description of spatial data of different levels of detail (LOD) using a multidimensional model and attribute data using a relational model is difficult and requires the development of modified structures of multidimensional data models. The description of spatial and attribute data based on multidimensional information objects (MIO) is determined. It is proposed to use a new type of MIO - modified multidimensional information objects (MMIO). MIO and MMIO schemes allow describing multidimensional information objects and relationships in the form of a single multidimensional structure. On the basis of the introduced method of joint description of spatial and attributive data using extended multidimensional information objects, a multidimensional data model is built. This approach allows integrating different types of databases and contains a unified description of spatial and attribute data in the form of a multidimensional information object. The developed method is supposed to be used in BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology of computer modeling to solve general planning tasks.
Improving Encryption Digital Watermark by Using Blue Monkey Algorithm
Authors: Abdulhammed Omar Younis
Published: March 2021

Watermarking enables the users to share the digital contents in public domain without any issue. In the present day, the tremendous development in the digital technologies and networks caused an increase in the threats of unauthorized copying, tampering of digital media and image theft. To face these threats, digital watermark technology can be applied. However, the current paper uses new technique with two main algorithms that are the following ones: improved honey algorithm that is used to encrypt the digital watermark and blue monkey meta-heuristic algorithm which is used to find the best location in the host image to hide the digital watermark. Furthermore, in order to check the security and the robustness of the proposed method against various common image processing attacks such as Gaussian noise, Rotation, Salt and pepper noise, Sharpen, Median filter, Average filter, compression and Cropping is computed, certain performance metrics such as Peak to Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR)and Mean Square Error (MSE) also are computed. Likewise, Normalized Correlation (NC) is used to check similarity between the original and extracted digital watermark. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient, provides high security and robustness against most attacks compared to the pervious methods.
Flora arvense de Navarra
Authors: Peralta de Andrés Francisco Javier , Royuela Hernando Mercedes
Published: March 2021

El origen de este libro se encuentra en el sitio web de Flora Arvense de Navarra, que fue desarrollado con el objetivo de facilitar el conocimiento de las malas hierbas de Navarra al alumnado de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos de la Universidad Pública de Navarra, además de el de ser útil para personal investigador, técnico y agricultores de Navarra y territorios próximos. La edición de este libro se planteó para permitir la disponibilidad del contenido del sitio web en un soporte independiente de Internet.
Gene Therapy Approaches
Authors: Jumaa Ahmed Ahmed , Saadi Hogir
Published: March 2021

Gene therapy can be described broadly as the transfer of genetic material to control a disease or at least to enhance a patient's clinical status. The transformation of viruses into genetic shuttles is one of the core principles of gene therapy, which will introduce the gene of interest into the target tissue and cells. To do this, safe strategies have been invented, using many viral and non-viral vector delivery. Two major methods have emerged: modification in vivo and modification ex vivo. For gene therapeutic approaches which are focused on lifelong expression of the therapeutic gene, retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated viruses are acceptable. Non-viral vectors are much less successful than viral vectors, but because of their low immune responses and their broad therapeutic DNA ability, they have advantages. The addition of viral functions such as receptor-mediated uptake and nuclear translocation of DNA may eventually lead to the development of an artificial virus in order to improve the role of non-viral vectors. For human use in genetic conditions, cancers and acquired illnesses, gene transfer techniques have been allowed. The ideal delivery vehicle has not been identified, although the accessible vector systems are capable of transporting genes in vivo into cells. Therefore, only with great caution can the present viral vectors be used in human beings and further progress in the production of vectors is required. Current progresses in our understanding of gene therapy approaches and their delivery technology, as well as the victors used to deliver therapeutic genes, are the primary goals of this review. For that reason, a literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar was carried out using different keywords.
The Concept of Data Mining and Knowledge Extraction Techniques
Authors: Rajab Asaad Renas , Masoud  Abdulhakim Revink
Published: March 2021

Recent days, the concept of data mining and the need for it, its objectives and its uses in various fields, explain its procedures and tools, the type of data that is mined, and the structural structure of that data while simplifying the concept of databases, relational databases and the query language. Explain the benefits and uses of mining or mining data stored in specialized databases in various vital areas of society. Also, it is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and discovering imbalances, patterns and correlations in data sets that are insightful and useful for predicting results that help you make a good decision. Let's bring back our mining example, when you plan to prospect for gold or any valuable minerals you first have to determine where you think the gold is to start digging. In the process of data mining we have the same concept. To mine data, you must first collect data from various sources, prepare it, and store it in one place, as nothing from data mining is related to the process of searching for the data itself. Currently, the company is storing data in what is called a Datawarehouse which we will talk about in a later stage in detail.
Using Long Term Integrated Average Analysis Machine Learning Prediction for Spreadable Diseases
Authors: Dhanusri M , Kavipriya A , Karthika B
Published: March 2021

The spread of Spreadable Disease in the entire world has put the humankind in danger. The assets of probably the biggest economies are worried because of the enormous infectivity and contagiousness of this illness. The ability of ML models to conjecture the quantity of forthcoming patients influenced by Spreadable Disease which is by and by considered as a likely danger to humanity. Specifically, four standard estimating models linear regression (LR),least total shrinkage and determination administrator (LASSO) Support vector Machine (SVM) have been utilized in this examination to figure the undermining components of Spreadable Disease. Three sorts of expectations are made by every one of the models, for example, the quantity of recently tainted cases, the quantity of passing, and the quantity of recuperations But in the can't foresee the precise outcome for the patients. To defeat the issue, Proposed strategy utilizing the exponential smoothing (ES) anticipate the quantity of Spreadable Disease cases in next 30 days ahead and impact of preventive estimates like social seclusion and lockdown on the spread of Spreadable Disease
Design and Implementation of Secure and Efficient Cloud Centric Smart Health Care System
Authors: B Manikandan , A Aanisha , Kumar K Dinesh , S Sowdhamma , R VeeraKabilan
Published: March 2021

In modern healthcare environment provide more user-friendly services at less time and in cost -effective manner. However, it causes data security issues on Electronic Health Record (EHR) transactions. The most challenging issue while handling the medical data is unauthorized accessing by unknown person. In this paper, a secure medical data access is carried out using Identity based proxy re-encryption system. Initially, patient has to register and upload the data in the cloud using the identity based proxy re-encryption system. Then the doctor will access the document using their respective identity and request for it, to get the secret key. This provides data confidentiality, integrity, and reduce the computation cost, while handling the documents in cloud.
Pregnancy in a Sickle Cell Disease Patient: A Nightmare!
Authors: Mehendale Madhuri Alap , Doshi Bhavya , Nayak Arun H , Bhosale Archana A , Mulik Snehal
Published: March 2021

Aim

To discuss the effect of pregnancy in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and its associated complications.

Background

Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited disorder worldwide and in certain regions of India with varying clinical severity and potentially serious complications. Sickle cell disease can magnify complications during pregnancy and in turn negatively influence the pregnancy outcomes. The physiological adaptations during pregnancy that occur in the circulatory, hematologic, renal, and pulmonary systems can overburden organs that already have chronic injuries secondary to SCD, thus increasing the rate of obstetric complications like miscarriage, anemia, preeclampsia, worsening of vaso-occlusive crisis, and acute chest syndromes.

Case description

A 23-year-old Indian primigravida patient, known case of SCD with anemia and splenic infarct with h/o multiple blood transfusions. The patient presented at 12 weeks with intrauterine fetal demise and was medically aborted. The post-abortion patient was posted for splenectomy as she had episodes of hemolytic jaundice. Post-splenectomy patient further developed bowel obstruction and thrombus formation in the infrarenal part of inferior vena cava (IVC). She was again operated and for obstruction and the band was removed. For thrombi, patient was given low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The patient was finally discharged on tb. hydroxyurea and other antibiotics.

Conclusion

The higher rate of complications occurs in women with sickle cell crisis exaggerated by underlying factors such as long-term anemia and pregnancy increases the risk further. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach with regular follow-up of SCD patients since the time of preconceptional time is important to avoid pregnancy-related complications and also for a better pregnancy outcome.

Clinical significance

The physiological changes of pregnancy like increased blood volume, increased metabolic demand, increased blood viscosity, and hypercoagulability get aggravated in SCD patients leading to increased incidence of complications. Prepregnancy anemia and other complications of a mother can further affect the outcome, thus preconceptional counseling is a crucial part of management.

How to cite this article

Doshi B, Mehendale MA, Nayak AH, et al. Pregnancy in a Sickle Cell Disease Patient: A Nightmare!. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2020;12(5):323–325.
Role of Candida Species in Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Swain Niharika , Patel Shilpa , Pathak Jigna , Sarkate Priyadarshani R , Hosalkar Rashmi H , Sahu Nikita K
Published: March 2021

Candida albicansis the most common fungal pathogen in humans, although otherCandidaspecies can also cause candidiasis. Patients with symptomatic or erythematous oral lichen planus (OLP) have commonly been associated with these. In recent times, however, there has been a notable shift in the incidence of non-Candida albicans(NCA) species which is gaining prominence due to significant differences in their susceptibility to antimycotic drugs. Studies showed thatC. glabrataandC. tropicaliswere the most common NCA species isolated in OLP. Treatment failure is common among NCA species in OLP due to its intrinsic resistant or low susceptibility to commonly used antifungal agents. This article reviews the role ofCandidaspecies in etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of OLP.

How to cite this article:Sarkate PR, Pathak J, Patel S,et al.Role ofCandidaSpecies in Oral Lichen Planus. J Contemp Dent 2019;9(3):124–129.
Multiplying Memories while Discovering Trees in Bogotá
Authors: Magaña María Isabel
Published: March 2021

How we used data about trees to create memories, promote transparency
and include citizens in storytelling in Bogotá, Colombia.
Building Your Own Data Set: Documenting Knife Crime in the United Kingdom
Authors: Barr Caelainn
Published: March 2021

Building data sets for investigations and powerful storytelling.
Making Algorithms Work for Reporting
Authors: Stray Jonathan
Published: March 2021

Sophisticated data analysis algorithms can greatly benefit investigative
reporting, but most of the work is getting and cleaning data.
The Web as Medium for Data Visualization
Authors: Bentley Elliot
Published: March 2021

Exploring the types of graphics made possible by the web, including
interactive dataviz, games and virtual reality (VR).
Searchable Databases as a Journalistic Product
Authors: Rahman Zara , Wehrmeyer Stefan
Published: March 2021

Exploring the responsible data challenges and transparency opportunities
of using public-facing searchable databases within a data journalism
investigation.
The Algorithms Beat: Angles and Methods for Investigation
Authors: Diakopoulos Nicholas
Published: March 2021

A beat on algorithms is coalescing as journalistic skills come together
with technical skills to provide the scrutiny that algorithms deserve.
Apps and Their Affordances for Data Investigations
Authors: Weltevrede Esther
Published: March 2021

Exploring app–platform relations for data investigations.
Algorithms in the Spotlight: Collaborative Investigations at Der Spiegel
Authors: Elmer Christina
Published: March 2021

Using several examples from German media, this chapter provides insights
into collaborative projects that investigate algorithms and summarizes
the most important lessons learned.
Data-Driven Editorial? Considerations for Working With Audience Metrics
Authors: Petre Caitlin
Published: March 2021

Drawing on Caitlin Petre’s ethnographic study of Chartbeat, Gawker
Media and The New York Times, this chapter explores the role of metrics
in contemporary news production and offers recommendations to
newsrooms incorporating metrics into editorial practice.
The Datafication of Journalism: Strategies for Data-Driven Storytelling and Industry–Academy Collaboration
Authors: Radcliffe Damian , Lewis Seth C.
Published: March 2021

How are journalism and academia responding to the datafication of their
professions, and how can they collaborate more effectively on data-driven
work?
Teaching Data Journalism
Authors: Phillips Cheryl
Published: March 2021

Teaching data journalism begins with teaching critical thinking.
Appearance and Essence: Speaking the Truth about the Body in the Early Modern Catholic Church
Authors: Röder Brendan
Published: March 2021

This chapter explores notions of truth regarding the human body articulated
in the early modern Catholic community. It uses records of
dispensation procedures for so-called physical defects in the clergy to
show how different actors claimed authority to establish evidence about
individuals’ bodily characteristics such as impairments or diseases. The
chapter argues that we should distinguish two major patterns of establishing
evidence, one focusing on appearance, the other attempting to uncover
an essence lying behind the openly visible. In using these different modes
situationally, the Church accommodated diverging claims in practice and
gained flexibility in decision-making.
Credibility of the Past: Writing and Censoring History within Seventeenth-Century Catholicism
Authors: Badea Andreea
Published: March 2021

The chapter deals with the Curia’s reaction to Catholic historiography in
the late seventeenth century. Authored by prominent Catholic thinkers,
these books were widely admired throughout Catholic as well as Protestant
Europe for their methodological approach. However, it was exactly their
use of the historical-critical method that brought these authors into
collision with Rome, which accused them of questioning the canonically
attested truth that had already been defined with apostolic authority.
Instead of simply banning them, censors and some factions of the Curia
commissioned learned men to discredit these works, staging as absolute
truth only the Roman historiographical version.
The Uncanny Mirror: Der Student von Prag (1913)
Authors: Loew Katharina
Published: March 2021

The first German film to excite art critics was simultaneously a milestone
in the history of special effects. Der Student von Prag was co-created by
some of Germany’s most ardent early cinephiles with the goal to demonstrate
the feasibility of film art. Proceeding from techno-romantic assumptions,
they construed artistic filmmaking as the articulation of ideas and
feelings through the imaginative application of the medium’s technological
assets, specifically location shots and trick effects. Consequently, Der
Student von Prag depicts the intrusion of an uncanny doppelganger into
a real-life setting, the mystical city of Prague. As a vehicle for abstract
notions, the horrific double thus bore witness to cinema’s ability to convey
figurative meaning and participate in the life of the mind.
Visualizing the Occult: Nosferatu (1922)
Authors: Loew Katharina
Published: March 2021

Public enthusiasm for occult themes was rife in the decades around 1900
and many German filmmakers and intellectuals were occupied with
esoteric concepts. Constitutive of occultist thought is a belief in secret
realities beyond our perceptual abilities. The vampire tale Nosferatu
does not advocate for specific doctrines, but many of the film’s idiosyncratic
aspects, particularly the appearance, behaviour, and powers of
the vampire, become intelligible in novel ways when examined from an
occultist perspective. The film externalizes the vampire’s nature through
cinematic devices and most notably special effects. The materialization
of the intangible by means of technology constitutes an essentially
techno-romantic project. In Nosferatu, it served to consolidate objectives
of occultists and cinephiles for the purpose of film art.
Introduction: Special Effects and the Techno-Romantic Paradigm
Authors: Loew Katharina
Published: March 2021

German silent cinema is famous for its unconventional aesthetics and
film-technological innovations. These characteristics were the result
of efforts to reconcile the new medium’s automatic reproductions of
physical reality with idealist conceptions of art. Special effects played a
crucial role in this endeavour. They afforded creative experiments with
the cinematic apparatus and inspired filmmakers to convey ideas and
emotions. Special effects embodied the “techno-romantic” project of
construing technology as a means for transcending material reality. This
common response to industrial modernity profoundly shaped German
silent film culture. The techno-romantic paradigm formed the basis of
one of the most creative periods in film history and proved instrumental
in the evolution of cinematic expressivity and film art.
Proyecto de gamificación basado en el escape room aplicado a un aula bilingüe de educación primaria con enfoque AICLE
Authors: Sempere Pla Susana
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo ha obtenido un Accésit del Premio Estudios Financieros 2019 en la modalidad de Educación y Nuevas Tecnologías.
En las aulas bilingües que llevan a cabo el aprendizaje integrado de contenidos y lenguas extranjeras (AICLE), es necesario contar con entornos gamificados, ya que el alumnado tendrá que estar altamente motivado para aprender contenidos vehiculados en lengua extranjera (inglés). Por tanto, a lo largo de este trabajo se elaborará un proyecto de gamificación basado en el escape room para un aula AICLE. El escape room contribuirá positivamente al AICLE, pues ofrecerá una metodología constructivista y lúdica, y permitirá atender al marco de las «4 C» de forma efectiva. La razón de esto es que esta técnica de gamificación y del AICLE son compatibles, pues presentan muchas similitudes. El término más adecuado para referirse a escape room en educación es «breakout box», que se basa en la resolución de distintos enigmas en un tiempo límite para obtener los códigos que abrirán los diversos candados de una caja de escape. Por consiguiente, el proyecto diseñado, dirigido a 4.º de educación primaria y con carácter anual, consistirá en la puesta en práctica de un breakout box al final de cada uno de los temas de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, lo que servirá para afianzar conocimientos, promover capacidades y evaluar en una atmósfera motivadora. Para garantizar la comprensión de la planificación de un escape room en el aula AICLE, se desarrollará un breakout box del curso escolar.
Principios poshumanistas para investigar el aprendizaje en red
Authors: Escudero-Nahón Alexandro
Published: March 2021

El «aprendizaje en red» es un concepto cuyo propósito es definir un campo de investigación emergente caracterizado por la presencia transversal y ubicua de la tecnología en la educación. Sin embargo, carece de fuerza explicativa porque está sujeto a los principios antropocéntricos del humanismo moderno. Dichos principios consideran la tecnología y al «ser humano» como áreas ontológicamente diferentes y colocan a este en una posición central y dominante. En este texto se presenta una reformulación ontológica y epistemológica basada en los principios poshumanistas y en la teoría del actor-red (actor-network theory [ANT]) que permite una defi­nición original del aprendizaje en red. Esta red funciona porque diferentes agentes humanos y no humanos se asocian y desempeñan sus agencias específicas. Tan pronto como dejan de funcionar, la red desaparece. Podría haber conocimiento, pero no aprendizaje, antes y después de la red. El propósito de la investigación educativa es rastrear cómo se originan las redes de aprendizaje, cómo se fortalecen, cómo se asocian a otras redes y cómo desaparecen.
Creating a Future Relationship or Destroying My Self-Esteem: An Exploratory Study on Dating App Experiences and Well-Being
Authors: Kallis Rhiannon
Published: March 2021

Location-based dating apps such as Tinder are rising in popularity as more adults seek online outlets to garner romantic partnership. Engagement on such apps can lead to an increase or decrease in self-esteem, which this study explored. Thirty-one participants explained how creating their profile, swiping, matching, and messaging connected with their well-being. Results reveal female users have an overall more positive experience than males, who noted more examples of unrequited communication on Tinder. Gay males in particular shared stories of insecurities while viewing others’ photographs and contemplating communicating with others. The practical implications provide suggestions for Tinder to continue to alter its interface: 1) consider implementing measures to ensure accurate photographs are connected to users; 2) create a swiping experience that does not allow users to rapidly swipe right on all profiles, and 3) explore options with subdivisions of Tinder, such as Big and Tall or Curvy. Continual evaluation of user experiences on Tinder is necessary to monitor users’ mental and emotional well-being.
PERAN UNIVERSITAS DALAM MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI PEMILIH MILENIAL PADA PEMILIHAN UMUM 2019
Authors: Sinaga Budiman
Published: March 2021

In 2019 for the first time held simultaneous elections. Voter turnout in this election includes millennials. Some of the millennials are at university.  Therefore, it is necessary to know the role of universities in the 2019 general election. The research was conducted with statute approach, case approach, historical approach, comparative approach, and conceptual approach. From this research, it can be found that universities have sought to increase millennial voter participation in the 2019 general election by including material on elections in courses as well as conducting public lectures.
ESTUDO DE TESTE DA RESISTÊNCIA DO PAVIMENTO ASFÁLTICO EMPREGANDO LIGANTE TIPO ASFALTO-BORRACHA PELO PROCESSO ÚMIDO
Authors: Nascimento Jéssica Wanderley Souza do , Sampaio Allefy Teles
Published: March 2021

A vantagem ecológica de promover um destino conveniente para pneus descartados e o aprimoramento técnico que o ligante de asfalto acrescenta, com sua modificação proporcionada pela extração da borracha, são os principais motivadores para seu uso. Sabe-se que uma fusão de asfalto não deve ter uma fração inadequada de aglutinante, pois a falta ou excesso é geralmente a causa dos defeitos que aparecem na superfície do pavimento. Com base nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do uso de resíduos da borracha de pneu como insumo de pavimento na engenharia civil, ajudando a melhorar o desempenho dos revestimentos de asfalto, além de proporcionar um destino ambientalmente apropriado para os pneus em desuso. No laboratório, foram produzidos testes de granulometria e Marshall, que compararam amostras de CAP modificado com borracha e CAP convencional nas porcentagens de 4; 4,5 e 5% e, em seguida, foram analisados os resultados concluindo que a incorporação da borracha traz resultados positivos, como maior flexibilidade e durabilidade.
The Brewer-Dobson circulation in CMIP6
Authors: Abalos Marta , Calvo Natalia , Benito-Barca Samuel , Garny Hella , Hardiman Steven C. , Lin Pu , Andrews Martin B. , Butchart Neal , Garcia Rolando , Orbe Clara , Saint-Martin David , Watanabe Shingo , Yoshida Kohei
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) is a key feature of the stratosphere that models need to accurately represent in order to improve the representation of surface climate variability. For the first time, the Climate Model Intercomparison Project includes in its phase 6 (CMIP6) a set of diagnostics that allow for careful evaluation of the BDC. Here, the BDC is evaluated against observations and reanalyses using historical simulations. CMIP6 results confirm the well-known inconsistency in BDC trends between observations and models in the middle and upper stratosphere. The increasing CO2 simulations feature a robust acceleration of the BDC but also reveal large uncertainties in the deep branch trends. The very close connection between the shallow branch and surface temperature is highlighted, which is absent in the deep branch. The trends in mean age of air are shown to be more robust throughout the stratosphere than those in the residual circulation. The paper reflects the current knowledge and main uncertainties regarding the BDC.
Saccharide composition in atmospheric fine particulate matter at the remote sites of Southwest China and estimates of source contributions
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Wu Di , Li Zhuoyu , Shang Xiaona , Li Qing , Li Xiang , Chen Renjie , Kan Haidong , Ouyang Huiling , Tang Xu , Chen Jianmin
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Based on source-specific saccharide tracers, the characteristic of biomass burning (BB) and biogenic emissions to saccharides was investigated in three rural sites at Lincang, where covered with 65 % of forest in the southwest border of China. The total saccharides accounted for 8.4 ± 2.7 % of OC, and 1.6 ± 0.6 % of PM2.5. The measured anhydrosugars accounted for 48.5 % of total saccharides, among which levoglucosan was the most dominant species. The high level of levoglucosan was both attributed to the local BB activities and biomass combustion smoke transported from the neighboring regions of Southeast Asia (Myanmar) and the northern Indian Peninsula. The measured mono (di) saccharides and sugar alcohols accounted for 24.9 ± 8.3 % and 26.6 ± 9.9 % of the total saccharides, respectively, were both proved to be mostly emitted by direct biogenic volatilization from plant materials/surface soils, rather than as byproducts of polysaccharides breakdown during BB processes. Five sources of saccharides were resolved by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) analysis, including BB, soil microbiota, plant senescence, airborne pollen and plant detritus with the contribution of 34.0 %, 16.0 %, 21.0 %, 23.7 % and 5.3 %, respectively. The results provide the information on the magnitude of levoglucosan and contributions of BB, as well as the characteristic of biogenic saccharides, at the remote sites of Southwest China, which can be further applied to regional source apportionment models and global climate models.
A three-dimensional-model inversion of methyl chloroform to constrain the atmospheric oxidative capacity
Authors: Naus Stijn , Montzka Stephen A. , Patra Prabir K. , Krol Maarten C.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Variations in the atmospheric oxidative capacity, largely determined by variations in the hydroxyl radical (OH), form a key uncertainty in many greenhouse and other pollutant budgets, such as that of methane (CH4). Methyl chloroform (MCF) is an often-adopted tracer to indirectly put observational constraints on large-scale variations in OH. We investigated the budget of MCF in a 4DVAR inversion using the atmospheric transport model TM5, for the period 1998–2018, with the objective to derive information on large-scale, interannual variations in atmospheric OH concentrations. While our main inversion did not fully converge, we did derive interannual variations in the global oxidation of MCF that bring simulated mole fractions of MCF within 1 %–2 % of the assimilated observations from the NOAA-GMD surface network at most sites. Additionally, the posterior simulations better reproduce aircraft observations used for independent validation compared to the prior simulations. The derived OH variations showed robustness with respect to the prior MCF emissions and the prior OH distribution over the 1998 to 2008 period. Although we find a rapid 8 % increase in global mean OH concentrations between 2010 and 2012 that quickly declines afterwards, the derived interannual variations were typically small (< 3 %/yr), with no significant long-term trend in global mean OH concentrations. The inverse system found strong adjustments to the latitudinal distribution of OH, relative to widely used prior distributions, with systematic increases in tropical and decreases in extra-tropical OH concentrations (both up to 30 %). These spatial adjustments were driven by intrahemispheric biases in simulated MCF mole fractions, which have not been identified in previous studies. Given the large amplitude of these adjustments, which exceeds spread between literature estimates, and a residual bias in the MCF intrahemispheric gradients, we suggest a reversal in the extratropical ocean sink of MCF in response to declining atmospheric MCF abundance (as hypothesized in Wennberg et al., 2004). This ocean source provides a more realistic explanation for the biases, possibly complementary to adjustments in the OH distribution. We identified significant added value in the use of a 3D transport model, since it implicitly accounts for variable transport and optimizes the observed spatial gradients of MCF, which is not possible in simpler models. However, we also found a trade-off in computational expense and convergence problems. Despite these convergence problems, the derived OH variations do result in an improved match with MCF observations relative to an interannually repeating prior for OH. Therefore, we consider that variations in OH derived from MCF inversions with 3D models can add value to budget studies of long-lived gases like CH4.
A long-term estimation of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission in China from 2001–2016: the roles of land cover change and climate variability
Authors: Wang Hui , Wu Qizhong , Guenther Alex B. , Yang Xiaochun , Wang Lanning , Xiao Tang , Li Jie , Feng Jinming , Xu Qi , Cheng Huaqiong
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Satellite observations reveal that China has been leading
the global greening trend in the past 2 decades. We assessed the impact of
land cover change as well as climate variability on total biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission in
China from 2001–2016. We found the greening trend in China is leading a
national-scale increase in BVOC emission. The BVOC emission level in 2016
could be 11.7 % higher than that in 2001 because of higher tree cover
fraction and vegetation biomass. On the regional scale, the BVOC
emission level from 2013–2016 could be 8.6 %–19.3 %
higher than that from 2001–2004 in hotspots including (1) northeastern
China, (2) Beijing and its surrounding areas, (3) the Qin Mountains, (4) Yunnan Province, (5) Guangxi–Guangdong provinces, and (6) Hainan island because
of the land cover change without considering the impact of climate
variability. The comparison among different scenarios showed that vegetation
changes resulting from land cover management are the main driver of BVOC
emission change in China. Climate variability contributed significantly to
interannual variations but not much to the changing trend during the study
period. In the standard scenario, which considers both land cover change and
climate variability, a statistically significant increasing trend can still be
found in regions including Beijing and its surroundings, Yunnan
Province, and Hainan island, and BVOC emission total amount in these regions
from 2013–2016 is 11.0 %–17.2 % higher that from 2001–2004. We
compared the long-term HCHO vertical columns (VC) from the satellite-based
Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with the estimation of isoprene emission
in summer. The results showed statistically significant positive correlation
coefficients over the regions with high vegetation cover fractions. In
addition, the isoprene emission and HCHO VC both showed statistically
significant increasing trends in the south of China where these two
variables have high positive correlation coefficients. This result may
support our estimation of the variability and trends of BVOC emission in
this region; however, the comparison still has large uncertainties since the
chemical and physical processes, including transportation, diffusion and
chemical reactions, were not considered. Our results suggest that the
continued increase in BVOC will enhance the importance of considering BVOC
when making policies for controlling ozone pollution in China along with
ongoing efforts to increase the forest cover fraction.
Ångström exponent errors prevent accurate visibility measurement
Authors: Guo Hengnan , Zhang Zefeng , Jiang Lin , An Junlin , Zhu Bin , Kang Hanqing , Wang Jing
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Visibility is an indicator of atmospheric transparency, and it is widely used in many research fields, including air pollution, climate change, ground transportation, and aviation. Although efforts have been made to improve the performance of visibility meters, a significant error exists in measured visibility data. This study conducts a well-designed simulation calibration of visibility meters, which proves that current methods of visibility measurement include a false assumption, leading to the long-term neglect of an important source of visibility error caused by erroneous values of Ångström exponents. This error has two characteristics, namely (1) independence, which means that the magnitude of the error is independent of the performance of the visibility meter. It is impossible to reduce this error by improving the performance of visibility meters. The second characteristic is (2) uncertainty, which means the magnitude of the error does not show a clear change pattern but can be substantially larger than the measurement error of visibility meters. It is impossible to accurately estimate the magnitude of this error or its influence on visibility measurements. Our simulations indicate that, as errors in visibility caused by erroneous values of Ångström exponents are inevitable using current methods of visibility measurement, reliable visibility data cannot be obtained without major adjustments to current measurement methods.
Technical note: Considerations on using uncertain proxies in the analogue method for spatiotemporal reconstructions of millennial-scale climate
Authors: Bothe Oliver , Zorita Eduardo
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Inferences about climate states and climate variability of the Holocene
and the deglaciation rely on sparse paleo-observational proxy data.
Combining these proxies with output from climate simulations is a means
for increasing the understanding of the climate throughout the last tens
of thousands of years. The analogue method is one approach to do this.
The method takes a number of sparse proxy records and then searches
within a pool of more complete information (e.g., model simulations) for
analogues according to a similarity criterion. The analogue method is
non-linear and allows considering the spatial covariance among proxy
records. Beyond the last two millennia, we have to rely on proxies that are not
only sparse in space but also irregular in time and with considerably
uncertain dating. This poses additional challenges for the analogue
method, which have seldom been addressed previously. The method has to
address the uncertainty of the proxy-inferred variables as well as the
uncertain dating. It has to cope with the irregular and non-synchronous
sampling of different proxies. Here, we describe an implementation of the analogue method including a
specific way of addressing these obstacles. We include the uncertainty
in our proxy estimates by using “ellipses of tolerance” for tuples
of individual proxy values and dates. These ellipses are central to our
approach. They describe a region in the plane spanned by proxy dimension
and time dimension for which a model analogue is considered to be
acceptable. They allow us to consider the dating as well as the data
uncertainty. They therefore form the basic criterion for selecting valid
analogues. We discuss the benefits and limitations of this approach. The results
highlight the potential of the analogue method to reconstruct the
climate from the deglaciation up to the late Holocene. However, in the
present case, the reconstructions show little variability of their
central estimates but large uncertainty ranges. The reconstruction by
analogue provides not only a regional average record but also allows
assessing the spatial climate field compliant with the used proxy
predictors. These fields reveal that uncertainties are also locally
large. Our results emphasize the ambiguity of reconstructions from
spatially sparse and temporally uncertain, irregularly sampled proxies.
Two decades of distributed global radiation time series across a mountainous semiarid area (Sierra Nevada, Spain)
Authors: Aguilar Cristina , Pimentel Rafael , Polo María J.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The main drawback of the reconstruction of high-resolution
distributed global radiation (Rg) time series in mountainous semiarid
environments is the common lack of station-based solar radiation registers.
This work presents 19 years (2000–2018) of high-spatial-resolution (30 m) daily, monthly, and annual global radiation maps derived using the
GIS-based model proposed by Aguilar et al. (2010) in a mountainous area in
southern Europe: Sierra Nevada (SN) mountain range (Spain). The model was
driven by in situ daily global radiation measurements, from 16 weather
stations with historical records in the area; a 30 m digital elevation model;
and 240 cloud-free Landsat images. The applicability of the modeling scheme
was validated against daily global radiation records at the weather
stations. Mean RMSE values of 2.63 MJ m−2 d−1 and best
estimations on clear-sky days were obtained. Daily Rg at weather
stations revealed greater variations in the maximum values but no clear
trends with altitude in any of the statistics. However, at the monthly and
annual scales, there is an increase in the high extreme statistics with the
altitude of the weather station, especially above 1500 m a.s.l. Monthly
Rg maps showed significant spatial differences of up to 200 MJ m−2 per month that clearly followed the terrain configuration. July and
December were clearly the months with the highest and lowest values of
Rg received, and the highest scatter in the monthly Rg values was
found in the spring and fall months. The monthly Rg distribution was
highly variable along the study period (2000–2018). Such variability,
especially in the wet season (October–May), determined the interannual
differences of up to 800 MJ m−2 yr−1 in the incoming global
radiation in SN. The time series of the surface global radiation datasets
here provided can be used to analyze interannual and seasonal variation
characteristics of the global radiation received in SN with high spatial
detail (30 m). They can also be used as cross-validation reference data for
other global radiation distributed datasets generated in SN with different
spatiotemporal interpolation techniques. Daily, monthly, and annual
datasets in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.921012 (Aguilar et al., 2021).