bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Association of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis With Adult Rheumatic Disease
Authors: Fan Jingxian , Hao Jian , Fu Yuqiao , Liu Xiaoyang , Qu Hui-Qi , Glessner Joseph T. , Ji Dandan , Liu Wei , Zheng Gang , Ding Zhiyong , Cui Shuzhong , Xia Qianghua , Hakonarson Hakon , Wei Wei , Li Jin
Published: December 2024

Importance

Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may develop adult rheumatic diseases later in life, and prolonged or recurrent disease activity is often associated with substantial disability; therefore, it is important to identify patients with JIA at high risk of developing adult rheumatic diseases and provide specialized attention and preventive care to them.

Objective

To elucidate the full extent of the genetic association of JIA with adult rheumatic diseases, to improve treatment strategies and patient outcomes for patients at high risk of developing long-term rheumatic diseases.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this genetic association study of 4 disease genome-wide association study (GWAS) cohorts from 2013 to 2024 (JIA, rheumatoid arthritis [RA], systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], and systemic sclerosis [SSc]), patients in the JIA cohort were recruited from the US, Australia, and Norway (with a UK cohort included in the meta-analyzed cohort), while patients in the other 3 cohorts were recruited from US and Western European countries. All analyses were conducted between September 2023 and April 2024.

Exposures

Genetic associations.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Genetic correlations and shared genomic loci between JIA and adult rheumatic diseases. Genetic correlation analyses and cross-trait meta-analysis were conducted on the JIA cohort and the summary statistics of the GWASs from adult rheumatic diseases (RA, SLE, and SSc). Mendelian randomization analyses were also conducted.

Results

This study included 33 207 patients across the 4 cohorts, with 4550 patients in the meta-analyzed JIA cohort (JIA cohort: 1485 patients with arthritis onset before 16 years; 1017 female [68.5%]; 10 352 controls; UK cohort: 3305 patients with JIA; 9196 controls), 143 61 patients in the RA cohort, 5201 patients in the SLE cohort; and 9095 patients in the SSc cohort. After the GWAS result of the JIA cohort was meta-analyzed with the UK JIA cohort, there was a total of 4550 JIA cases and 18 446 controls. The analysis revealed a significant global correlation between JIA and adult rheumatic diseases, with 84 regions harboring signals associated with multiple diseases. Cross-trait analyses uncovered novel disease loci and 20 loci associated with JIA and adult diseases. Mendelian randomization analysis revealed the significant association of 11 proteins with rheumatic disorders. Both shared, organ-specific, and disease-specific critical cell types were highlighted.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this genetic association study, there was significant genetic overlap between JIA and adult rheumatic diseases. These findings may help to refine JIA classification, risk stratification, and therapeutic strategy of repurposing adult disease drugs for pediatric patients with similar mechanisms.
Iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease co‐pathology
Authors: Hernández‐Fernández Francisco , Martínez‐Fernández Isabel , Barbella‐Aponte Rosa , Vilar Inmaculada Feria , Ayo‐Martín Oscar , García‐García Jorge , Collado Rosa , Andrés Alberto , Hernández‐Guillamón Mar , Pena Pardo Francisco José , Barrena Cristina , de la Fuente Miguel , Serrano‐Heras Gemma , Melero María , Setién Elena Lozano , López Luis , Segura Tomás
Published: December 2024

Iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a disease caused by contact with neurosurgical material or human growth hormone contaminated by beta‐amyloid peptide (Aβ), has a prion‐like transmission mechanism. We present a series of three patients under 55 years of age who underwent cranial surgery. All of them developed multiple cerebral hemorrhages, transient focal neurological deficits, and/or cognitive impairment after 3–4 decades. MRI was compatible with CAA, and Aβ deposition was confirmed. The third patient, who had a ventriculoperitoneal valve, also showed Aβ deposition in the peritoneum and diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Co‐pathology with Alzheimer disease and its iatrogenic transmission should be considered.
Ofatumumab treatment in new‐onset narcolepsy type 1 following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Xinbo , Yuan Na , Liu Yonghong
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To explore the efficacy of ofatumumab in new onset narcolepsy type 1 following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

Methods

We present a 9‐year‐old girl who experienced new onset narcolepsy type 1 following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Polysomnography (PSG) followed by a daytime multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) was under taken after admission. A lumbar puncture was performed to evaluate the CSF orexin‐A level. We assessed the CSF hypocretin‐1 concentration utilizing the RIA kit from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals Inc. HLA typing was performed. Furthermore, we treated the patient with subcutaneous injections of ofatumumab, and followed her for nearly six‐month. The CSF orexin‐A level, CD19+ and total B cell population were measured before and after treatment.

Results

The girl had experienced SARS‐CoV‐2 infection 4 months before presentation. After that, she started to experience excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. She also began to experience nightmares and violent behaviors during her nocturnal sleep, which were not present before her SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. At the same time, she developed obesity and exhibited psychiatric symptoms such as agitation, anxiety, and aggression. MSLT showed a mean sleep latency of 2.7 min, and 5 times sleep onset REM periods. The CSF orexin‐A level was pathologically low at 34.06 pg/mL, and she tested positive for HLA‐DQB1*06:02. Consequently, a diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1 was confirmed. Before and after treatment with subcutaneous injections of ofatumumab, the CD19+ and total B cell population before treatment and after 1 months showed a significant reduction from 11% and 296 cells per microliter to 0.56% and 11 cells per microliter, respectively. Within a week following ofatumumab therapy, there was a marked improvement in both excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Notably, her cataplexy was almost entirely resolved following ofatumumab therapy. Her condition remained stable throughout the 9‐month follow‐up period. She could normally attend school.

Interpretation

The efficacy of ofatumumab in this case provides additional support for an autoimmune etiology in narcolepsy with cataplexy, highlighting the potential involvement of B‐cells in its pathophysiology. This understanding will aid in the development of specific immunotherapeutic strategies for early implementation upon disease onset.
“It's Just Good Science”: A Qualitative Study Exploring Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Canadian Arthritis Research
Authors: Thomas Megan M. , Harrison Mark , Barnabe Cheryl , Ronquillo Charlene E. , Avina‐Zubieta J. Antonio , Samson Anna , Kuluva Michael , Trehan Natasha , De Vera Mary A.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Despite knowledge that health outcomes vary according to patient characteristics, identity, and geography, including underrepresented populations in arthritis research remains a challenge. We conducted interviews to explore how researchers in arthritis have used equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) principles to inform their research.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted with individuals who 1) have experience conducting arthritis research studies, 2) reside in and/or conduct their research in Canada, and 3) speak English or French. Participants were recruited using purposive and respondent‐driven sampling. Interviews were conducted over video call and audio recordings were transcribed. Template analysis was applied to interview transcripts to explore participant experiences and perceptions of EDI in arthritis research.

Results

Participants (n = 22) identified that a lack of representation in arthritis research translates to the inability to provide comprehensive care. Participants emphasized considering EDI early in all arthritis research to effectively affect a study. Themes were categorized as benefits, barriers, and facilitators. The perceived benefits were the ability to generate knowledge and reduce health disparities. Barriers included mistrust from historically exploited populations, unintended consequences, lack of access to research opportunities, and logistical challenges. Facilitators included building community partnerships, curating diverse research teams, incentivizing researchers and funder support, and fostering humility in research environments.

Conclusion

Improving representation in research is needed to improve health outcomes for diverse groups of people living with arthritis. Identified barriers to EDI in research must be addressed and partnerships and supports must be facilitated to achieve more representation in arthritis research within Canada.

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Strain Control of Third Harmonic Generation in Nb2SiTe4 Driven by Tuneable Anisotropic Characteristics
Authors: Ouyang Yihang , Dai Jin , Wan Zhenzhen , Zhou Wenzhe , Xu Tao , Novoselov Kostya S. , Koperski Maciej , Chen Zhihui , He Jun
Published: December 2024

Strain engineering constitutes one of the main control knobs for material properties. The material's crystal and band structure can be strongly modified by mechanical strain, thus tailoring the electronic and photonic properties toward specific applications. However, the strain control of the higher‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) processes in crystals characterized by in‐plane anisotropy remains mostly unexplored. It is demonstrated that 2D ternary Nb2SiTe4 crystals provide an excellent platform for tuning NLO properties with uniaxial strain due to the inherently anisotropic band structure around the fundamental bandgap in the near‐infrared region. Resonant conditions between the interband excitations and third harmonic signals are realized, a record‐high third‐order susceptibility of 2.43 × 10−18m2/V2 is observed, exceeding by over an order of magnitude the values reported for commonly used NLO crystals. The measurements of the third harmonic intensity as a function of the linear polarization revealed that the anisotropic characteristics of Nb2SiTe4 can be tuned into qualitatively different regimes by the application of a uniaxial strain along the principal crystallographic axes. Notably, with increasing strain, the characteristic anisotropic direction can be reoriented. The findings provide unique perspectives for applying the modulation of the broadband NLO properties enabled by anisotropic materials in optoelectronics and all‐optical devices.
An NIR‐II Two‐Photon Excitable AIE Photosensitizer for Precise and Efficient Treatment of Orthotopic Small‐Size Glioblastoma
Authors: Xu Zhourui , Li Xue , Yang Zengming , Zhang Zhijun , Zhang Yibin , Fan Miaozhuang , Zeng Yuying , Kang Miaomiao , Shen Yuanyuan , Wang Dong , Xu Gaixia , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2024

The existence of residual small‐size tumors after surgery is a major factor contributing to the high recurrence rate of glioblastoma (GBM). Conventional adjuvant therapeutics involving both chemotherapy and radiotherapy usually exhibit unsatisfactory efficacy and severe side effects. Recently, two‐photon photodynamic therapy (TP‐PDT), especially excited by the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) light, offers an unprecedented opportunity to address this challenge, attributed to its combinational merits of PDT and TP excitation. However, this attempt has not been explored yet. On the other hand, the lack of high‐performance photosensitizers (PSs) also hinders the progress of TP‐PDT on GBM. Based on those, a robust TP‐PS, termed MeTTh, is constructed intendedly through elaborately integrating multiple beneficial design strategies into a single molecule, which simultaneously achieves excellent NIR‐II excitation, large absorption cross‐section, aggregation‐induced NIR‐I emission, and prominent Type I/II reactive oxygen species generation. Aided by nanofabrication, an impressive brain structure imaging depth of 940 µm is realized. Moreover, MeTTh nanoparticles smoothly implement precise and efficient treatment of small‐size GBM in vivo under a 1040 nm femtosecond laser irradiation. This study represents first‐in‐class using TP‐PDT on GBM, offering new insights for the therapy of small‐size tumors in complex and vital tissues.
Chemical Bath Synthesis of Binder‐Free Nickel Vanadate Cathodes for Hybrid Supercapacitor Systems: Tailoring Morphology and Surface Area via Monitoring Hydrolyzing Agent
Authors: Bhosale Shraddha B. , Kumbhar Sambhaji S. , Patil Sumita S. , Belekar Kuladip G. , Patil Amar M. , Ali Raisuddin , Parale Vinayak G. , Lokhande Chandrakant D. , Patil Umakant M.
Published: December 2024

To boost the energy storage performance of supercapacitor devices, it is essential to design electrode material through rational manipulation of electrode material with their structural and morphological properties. Therefore, the present study highlights the binder‐free, and scalable synthesis of the nickel vanadate (NV) thin films using a chemical bath deposition approach with the variation of the hydrolyzing agent (urea). The present investigation inclusively demonstrates that variations in urea concentration in the synthesis of NV electrode material substantially influence both physicochemical and electrochemical performance. The optimal concentration (0.075 m) of urea in the synthesis of the C‐NV3 sample provides the nanoparticles of NV with a maximum specific surface area of ∼42.1 m2 g−1, delivering a maximum specific capacitance (Csp) of 692 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 current density. Furthermore, both hybrid aqueous supercapacitor device and hybrid solid‐state supercapacitor device (HSSD) are fabricated. The HSSD exhibits a Csp of 84 F g−1 alongside a SE of 29.8 Wh kg−1 at an SP of 1120 W kg−1. Thus, the present work opens a pathway to the binder‐free preparation of NV thin films, which are efficient cathodes in practical applications for hybrid energy storage devices.
Stress‐Induced Anomalous Lithiation Plateau of LiFeyMn1−yPO4 Over High‐Rate Discharging
Authors: Xu Enhao , Wang Tuan , Chen Jinxuan , Hu Jie , Xia Haijun , Wu Hao , Cai Wenlong , Zhang Qianyu , Zhang Yun , Wu Kaipeng
Published: December 2024

Olivine‐type LiFeyMn1−yPO4 (LFMP) is a promising cathode candidate with high energy density, chemical stability, and cost efficiency. However, an unidentified anomalous lithiation plateau (P II) often emerges between the Mn2+/Mn3+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ redox reactions, leading to a decrease in energy density. Herein, it is demonstrated that P II originates from the Mn2+/Mn3+ couple, yet it differs from the classical Mn3+ to Mn2+ reaction due to its lower operating voltage. During lithiation, Li+ initially accumulates on the particle surface, forming a lithium‐rich phase, while the interior remains a lithium‐poor phase. As lithiation proceeds, the two‐phase boundary experiences local compressive stress due to the counteracting forces during expansion. This stress compresses the boundary lattice, thereby lowering the operating voltage of Mn3+ and inducing the formation of P II. Such an effect is exacerbated by increased C‐rates and higher Mn‐content. Interestingly, the compressive stress acts as a double‐edged sword by enhancing Li+ diffusion kinetics and mitigating Jahn–Teller distortion, thereby fully unlocking the capacity of Mn3+. Furthermore, a particle‐size‐reduction strategy is developed to address the P II, which decreases its contribution from 28.59% to 7.77% at 2 C. These findings deepen the understanding of lithiation mechanisms in LFMP and offer novel insights for developing high‐power/voltage olivine‐type cathodes.
Generating Strong Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Self‐assembled Films of Chiral Selenium Nanoparticles and Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhangsun Hui , Xu Liguang , Qu Aihua , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua , Hao Changlong
Published: December 2024

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has garnered significant research attention. Achieving a high luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) is a key challenge in this field. Herein, we reported, for the first time, the fabrication of a chiral assembled film consisting of chiral D‐/L‐Selenium nanoparticles (D‐/L‐Se NPs) and DSPE‐PEG‐NH2 modified upconversion nanoparticles (DPNUCNPs) with remarkable CPL properties that were generated by the interfacial self‐assembly technique. The chiral Se/DPNUCNPs films, consisting of three layers (3L) of D‐/L‐Se films and 3L DPNUCNPs films, exhibited the highest circular dichroism (CD) response and the strongest CPL signals. Under laser excitation at 980 nm, the 3L D‐/L‐Se/3L DPNUCNPs assembled films displayed symmetric CPL signals between 400 and 600 nm, with a maximum |glum| value of 0.68. The interaction between DPNUCNPs and Se NPs involves energy transfer and chirality transfer, along with the formation of spin‐polarized excitons, thereby resulting in CPL activity. Furthermore, the chiral Se/DPNUCNPs films were patterned for anti‐counterfeit and encryption applications. Our study provides a novel guide for fabricating chiral nanomaterials with strong CPL response.
Unusual Endotaxy Growth of Hexagonal Nanosheets by the Self‐Assembly of a Homopolymer
Authors: Gao Chenchen , Sun Hui , Du Jianzhong
Published: December 2024

A classical crystallization usually grows epitaxially from a crystal nucleus. Presented in this study is an unusual endotaxy growth manner of a crystalline homopolymer to form hexagonal nanosheets. The amphiphilic homopolymer, poly(3‐(4‐(phenyldiazenyl)phenoxy)propyl methacrylate) (PAzoPMA), is first annealed in isopropanol to afford a hexagonal nut‐like structure. Then, the PAzoPMA crystallizes from the inner wall to the center to form a thin bottom, which grows upwards along the bottom, leading to the formation of the evenly hexagonal nanosheets. The energy fluctuation by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation during self‐assembly confirms the packing state of PAzoPMA chains in different solvents. In isopropanol, the total energy is the lowest, demonstrating the tight regular arrangement of polymer chains. In addition, the non‐bonding interaction energy is also the lowest, leading to the favorable contact with solvent molecules and the formation of hexagonal nanosheets. Otherwise, nanowires and giant large compound micelles are formed in ethanol and n‐butanol, respectively. Overall, an unusual endotaxy crystallization manner of an amphiphilic homopolymer is observed during the preparation of hexagonal nanosheets, which brings fresh insight for understanding the crystallization behavior of polymers and preparing functional soft nanomaterials.
Klebsiella pneumoniae Glycoconjugate Vaccine Leads Based on Semi‐Synthetic O1 and O2ac Antigens
Authors: Sianturi Julinton , Weber Fabienne , Singh Rajat Kumar , Lingscheid Tilman , Tober‐Lau Pinkus , Kurth Florian , Fries Bettina C. , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: December 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is a common opportunistic pathogen that emerged as a new critical threat to human health, due to its hypervirulence and widespread resistance against many antibiotics, including carbapenems. Alternative intervention strategies such as vaccines are not available. Cell‐surface lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are attractive targets for vaccine development. We present a method to synthesize LPS substructures, covering over 70 % of virulent KP strains that were used to characterize the antibody repertoire of infected patients. Thereby, glycoconjugate vaccine leads against the Klebsiella pneumoniae serotypes O1, O2a, O2afg and O2ac have been identified.
Innovative Mn2Sb2O7 Nanocatalysts: Effective Generation of 2‐Amino‐4H‐Chromenes Through Strategic Metal Doping
Authors: Jahangiri Sasan , Poursattar Marjani Ahmad , Kafi‐Ahmadi Leila
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of Mn₂Sb₂O₇ and MnSb₂O₆ nanocatalysts, which were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results confirm that the catalysts have similar chemical compositions and structures, with small amounts of vanadium (V) or iron (Fe) dopants evenly distributed throughout the material. These nanocatalysts demonstrated high efficiency in the one‐pot synthesis of 2‐amino‐4H‐chromenes from malononitrile, dimedone, and aryl aldehydes, achieving yields of 66–90% under optimal conditions using 10 mg of catalyst in ethanol at room temperature. Due to their amphoteric nature, the catalysts enable reactions via acid‐mediated or base‐mediated Hann‐Lapworth mechanisms. Under optimal conditions, the catalysts exhibited turnover numbers (TON) ranging from 1.8 to 3.6 and turnover frequencies (TOF) between 0.0005 and 0.0009 s⁻¹. Moreover, the catalysts can be recovered and reused without losing activity, making them valuable for sustainable chemical synthesis applications.
Divalent Organo‐Bimetallic Chelates of Poly‐Dentate O,N,O‐dihydrazone Ligand as Effective Agents for Antitumor and Antimicrobial Assays, Interacting Modes With DNA
Authors: Adam Mohamed Shaker S. , Nassar Mostafa Y. , Abdelmageed Abualreish Mustafa J. , Mohamad Ahmed Desoky M. , Mohamed Mamdouh A.
Published: December 2024

Substituted hydrazones and dihydrazones, as polydenatate ligand, reported high coordination chemical behavior towards numerous transition metals of different oxidation states for alternated applicable interest. Therefore, with a facile condensed reaction of the salicylaldehyde with tartric dihydrazide, a chelated tartrato‐dihydrazone ligand (H2Ltz) was formed. The coordinated features of H2Ltz versus two divalent metal ions of Cu (II) and Ni (II) ions were assumed to form two new bimetallic‐organic framework complexes, assigning triagonal bipyramidal and tetrahedral geometries (CuLtz and NiLtz, respectively). Their structural elucidating was determined within the analytical tools spectroscopically. The effectiveness of the growth inhibition for H2Ltz, CuLtz, and NiLtz against six named bacterial and fungal series, and three human cancer cell lines were examined discovering the reactive role of two central M (II) ions in CuLtz and NiLtz, respectively. The binding character of H2Ltz, CuLtz, and NiLtz, with calf thymus DNA, that is, DNA, was estimated based on the variation in viscometric/spectrophotometric features. The two bimetallic‐chelates represented more distinguished inhibitive attitudes than the regarded one of H2Ltz assigning to the inhibitive zones (mm) and the half‐inhibited concentration (IC50, μM) of growth inhibition of the studied microbes and human tumor cells, respectively. The examination of the binding action of H2Ltz, CuLtz, and CuLtz with DNA was approved according to the enhanced viscosity and the electronic spectral changes. Also, binding constants (14.09, 15.09, and 16.12 107 mol−1 dm3), Gibb's free energy (−42.06, −45.23, and −46.41 kJ mol−1), and the chromism (mainly hypo modes) are assigned to estimate the binding modes. Rewardingly, the bimetallic‐chelates MLtz displayed modified binding action more than that of H2Ltz against DNA regarding their hydrophobicity/lipophilicity.
Versatile Benzophenone Derivatives: Broad Spectrum Antibiotics, Antioxidants, Anticancer Agents and Fe(III) Chemosensor
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Radha Anu , Kaur Harshbir , Malik Sudha , Stanzin Jigmat , Komal  , Gill Baljinder Singh , Baliyan Deepanjali , Singh K. N.
Published: December 2024

Benzophenone is a versatile molecular scaffold that has been extensively explored in medicinal chemistry because of its propensity to exhibit a wide range of biological activities. This study represents a new azide (5) and triazole (6) compounds that were synthesized and well characterized by using FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. UV‐vis and fluorescence spectroscopic studies identified the sensitivity of compound 6 towards Fe(III) with no substantial interference from other metal ions. LOD values for recognition of Fe(III) were found to be 7.94 × 10−5 and 3.67 × 10−7 M, respectively. The biological studies of the compounds (5 and 6) depicted the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the minimum inhibitory concentration range of antibiotics 0.12–6.2 mg/mL. Molecular docking experiments with various bacterial proteins demonstrated that compounds 5 and 6 possessed very low binding energies of −10.39 and −9.14 kcal mol−1 respectively. Both the compounds showed excellent cytotoxic activities against HeLa cells (cervical cell line). Further, the antioxidant quality of compound 6 has been analysed.
Transferability of the Surgical Attire Guideline Adherence Decision‐Making Theory Beyond New England
Authors: Mayes Carole G. , Adams Joanne
Published: December 2024

The AORN surgical attire guideline promotes cleanliness in the perioperative environment to minimize patients’ risks of developing surgical site infections. In 2020, the surgical attire guideline adherence decision‐making model was published based on findings from a study involving New England intraoperative team members. To explore the model's transferability across the United States, we replicated the 2020 study with intraoperative personnel who did not live or work in New England. The study results included the same core category as the 2020 study (ie, critical thinking), and we confirmed that intraoperative team members across the United States weigh the influence of various factors when deciding to what extent they would adhere to the surgical attire guideline. The results showed transferability of the theoretical model to perioperative settings across the United States. This model can be used to enhance intraoperative team members’ surgical attire guideline adherence decisions.
Enhancing the Performance of Lignin/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Hybrid Materials Using Dicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Ghosh Arun
Published: December 2024

To reduce our dependency on petrochemical feedstock, there is a growing interest in utilizing natural biomass to manufacture high‐performance and eco‐friendly materials. Forest‐derived woody biomass contains approximately 20% to 35% lignin by mass, which is mostly underutilized. In the present investigation, lignin feedstock, isolated from the hybrid poplar tree using an n‐butanol‐based solvent mixture, was compounded with acrylonitrile butadiene or nitrile rubber (NBR) at an equal mass ratio to produce hybrid materials under high shear mixing using IntelliTorque Plasticorder. The lignin/NBR blends were modified with several organic acids such as oxalic and malonic acids (0.01 mol of acid/30 g of polymer). The properties such as processing behavior, tensile stress–strain, solvent swelling, melt rheological, and thermal stability of the materials were analyzed. The studies showed that oxalic acid was an effective modifier or cross‐linker, which profoundly increased the thermomechanical properties of the materials. For example, the average tensile strength and modulus of the 50/50 blend of lignin/NBR were 10.9 and 11.8 MPa, respectively, which increased to 15.1 and 396 MPa, respectively, on treatment with oxalic acid. In brief, the mechanical performance revealed that these lignin‐based materials may have potential applications in several areas including building construction and auto‐part manufacturing.
Enhancing Conductivity of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel With Surface‐Coated Hydroxylated Carbon Nanotubes for Wearable Device Applications
Authors: Wang Yunbin , Ren Jie , Xiang Xu
Published: December 2024

In this study, we successfully prepared a composite hydrogel that integrates the superior conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with the elasticity of hydrogels. This was achieved by depositing a layer of hydroxylated CNTs onto a polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel. The PAM hydrogel was immersed in a CNT dispersion at 50°C and subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 min, followed by a 50% dehydration process to achieve densification. This process enabled the adsorption of CNTs onto the PAM hydrogel surface, forming robust physical entanglements and hydrogen bonds with the PAM polymer chains. Consequently, this significantly strengthened the interfacial adhesion between the CNTs and the hydrogel, yielding a more durable and resilient composite material. Impressively, the adhesion strength between the CNT layer and the PAM‐CNT composite hydrogel surface reached a remarkable 61.75 J/m2, contributing to its good electrical conductivity (1.284 ± 0.034 S/m), stability, and mechanical properties. Additionally, our study explores the application of the composite material in wearable devices by quantifying its response to pressure, bending, and stretching through resistance change measurements. The findings indicate that this research introduces a new method for preparing conductive hydrogels and offers valuable insights for their use in electronics, biomedicine, and various other related domains.
Shifting Landscape of Rural Transformation in Bangladesh: Exploring the Interplay of Non‐Farm GDP, Infrastructure and Education
Authors: Saha Subrata , Alam Mohammad Jahangir , Al Abbasi Al Amin , Begum Ismat Ara , Rola‐Rubzen Maria Fay
Published: December 2024

Rural transformation is critical for supporting inclusive economic development. This study assessed the effect of infrastructure and education on the process of rural transformation in Bangladesh using data from four waves of Household Income and Expenditure Surveys between 2000 and 2016. This study employed the Fixed Effects Model, Moment‐Quantile Regression with Fixed Effects Model, and Feasible Generalised Least Squares for checking robustness. The results show that infrastructure and education positively affect rural transformation. The expansion of small‐scale farms, improved healthcare accessibility, and land rental arrangements are key factors that facilitate transformation, whereas the rise of large‐scale farming has a negative impact. Policy recommendations highlight investment in infrastructure and educational access, such as universal primary education, to enhance transformation. It also suggests encouraging land rentals, improving healthcare services, and supporting small‐scale farming while addressing the drawbacks of large‐scale farming to strengthen economic convergence between rural and urban areas.
Occupational therapy‐based rehabilitation of sciatic nerve pain
Authors: Thakur Sudha , Kumar Anoop , Dijkstra Anne , Thakur Abhimanyu
Published: December 2024

Sciatica is a severe form of pain caused by compression of the sciatic nerve that radiates from the back toward the hip and outer side of the leg. Conventional treatments for sciatica include pain medication, physical therapy, and surgery in severe cases. However, these approaches can be invasive and costly and may not provide long‐term relief. Occupational therapy refers to the intentional and strategic application of various activities associated with daily life, work, education, and leisure to address functional impairments. Focusing on targeted exercises, manual techniques, and ergonomic modifications to alleviate symptoms and improve function, it offers a promising alternative to medical treatments. Occupational therapy interventions for sciatica can reduce pain, increase mobility, and enhance the overall quality of life. As an empowering approach, such techniques aid symptom management and functional independence. This article explores occupational therapy‐based assessments, interventions, outcomes, progress tracking, pharmacotherapy, challenges owing to surgical approaches, and devices for sciatic pain rehabilitation, with assessments aimed at improving the overall quality of life for individuals affected by this condition. Future research should focus on developing and validating new assessment tools and outcome measures specific to sciatica, enabling more accurate evaluation and progress monitoring.
Assessing the Impact of Board Sustainability Committees on Greenhouse Gas Performance: Evidence From Industrialised European Countries
Authors: Morrison Emmanuel A. , Adu Douglas A. , Yongsheng Guo , Kimani Danson , Saa Vida Y.
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of executive compensation (EC) and board sustainability integration index (BSII) on both greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and greenhouse gas management processes (GGMP). Additionally, it investigates the relationship between GGMP and GHGE to assess the effectiveness of process‐oriented measures in reducing actual emissions. Through the lens of legitimacy theory and incentive alignment theory, we harness an extensive dataset encompassing 15,876 firm‐year observations across 22 industrialised European countries from 2002 to 2022. First, the findings show that although EC positively correlates with enhanced GGMP, it has an insignificant effect on GHGE reduction. Second, the results suggest that although BSII independently bolster sustainability initiatives, the moderating effect of BSII on EC (EC*BSII) may lead to a legitimacy gap. This gap emerges when the relationship of EC and BSII falls short of societal expectations regarding environmental performance, potentially eroding organisational legitimacy. Third, the findings indicate that firms that engage in GGMP also tend to have higher levels of GHGE, pointing to the use of GGMP by firms as a means of symbolic legitimation.
Rethinking psychological interventions in autism: Toward a neurodiversity‐affirming approach
Authors: Graf‐Kurtulus Sandra , Gelo Omar C. G.
Published: December 2024

Background

Autism is characterised by unique patterns of social interaction, communication and repetitive behaviours, often accompanied by comorbid conditions such as mood disorders and anxiety. Standard psychological interventions, such as applied behaviour analysis (ABA) and social skill training (SST), are commonly used but remain controversial due to their focus on aligning autistic individuals with societal norms.

Aims

This paper critically evaluates standard approaches targeting core autistic traits and explores the therapeutic potential of prioritising comorbidities coherently with neurodiversity‐affirming strategies.

Materials and Methods

A critical analysis of clinical and empirical literature was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, ethical issues and broader implications of interventions such as ABA and SST. Particular emphasis was placed on synthesising findings relevant to mental health outcomes, autistic identity formation and the potential of neurodiversity‐affirming interventions to reduce distress and promote well‐being.

Results

Standard approaches often contribute to adverse effects, such as social camouflaging and increased mental health challenges. Conversely, interventions addressing comorbid conditions such as depression and anxiety, combined with neurodiversity‐affirming strategies that support autistic identity and adapt the environment, demonstrate improved mental health outcomes and greater self‐acceptance.

Discussion

We highlight the importance of shifting the therapeutic focus from modifying core autistic traits to addressing comorbidities while fostering a coherent autistic identity. Such a dual approach aligns with the neurodiversity paradigm and emphasises the need for interventions that enhance well‐being by reducing distress caused by comorbid conditions without suppressing autistic characteristics.

Conclusion

Prioritising comorbid conditions while fostering autistic identity through neurodiversity‐affirming strategies offers a more ethical and effective approach to improving mental health and self‐acceptance in autistic individuals. This dual approach advocates for therapeutic practices that align with their well‐being and identity.
Post‐Artesunate Delayed Hemolysis: Anything That Can Go Wrong Will Go Wrong—Murphy's Law
Authors: Chemutai Beliza , Ali Muhammed Omar , Varsani Jaimin Vinod , Abila Derrick Bary , Odonga Denis Can , Apiyo Paska , Bongomin Felix
Published: December 2024

In patients presenting with post‐malarial anemia following intravenous artesunate treatment, post‐artesunate delayed hemolysis should be considered in the differential diagnosis, even in endemic settings. Close monitoring for signs of delayed hemolysis in patients previously treated with intravenous artesunate for severe malaria, regardless of their malaria exposure history or geographic location is crucial.
An Investigation on Effect of Organic Additives for Stable Performance Vanadium – Cerium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Trinh Viet Dung , Nguyen Huynh Le Thanh , Tran Hoang Vinh , Tuyet Mai Nguyen Thi , Huynh Dang Chinh
Published: December 2024

In an era where renewable energy resources are pivotal yet plagued by variability, vanadium‐cerium (V‐Ce) redox flow batteries (RFBs) present a sophisticated solution to energy storage and grid stability. This study focuses into the electrochemical integration of cerium with vanadium to enhance traditional redox flow batteries′ energy density and cost‐effectiveness. Through an innovative design that allows scalability and addresses the challenges of the lower energy density inherent in vanadium RFBs, V‐Ce RFBs demonstrate the potential for more compact and efficient energy storage systems. In this work, we provide the open‐source design mono cell for RFBs research. Herein, the research spotlights the electrochemical characterization of Ce‐based electrolytes, employing mixed acid electrolytes to improve solubility. For improving the electrochemical performance of the V‐Ce RFBs including the diffusion coefficients and electron transfer rates, L–Leucine and L–Lysine have been used as organic additives. Obtained results have revealed that these additives not only influence the electrochemical stability and efficiency but also significantly affect to the charge‐discharge properties of the V‐Ce RFBs, in which, the L‐leucine showing superior performance over L‐lysine. These findings propose a new way for optimizing the stability of V‐Ce RFBs for large‐scale energy storage regarding efficiency, safety, and environmental impact.
Zinc Sensing with a Pyridine‐Based Lanthanide Contrast Agent: Structural Analysis in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Martin Harlei , Uguen Adrien , Morfin Jean‐François , Isaac Manon , Pallier Agnès , Melchior Andrea , Bonnet Célia S.
Published: December 2024

Zinc is an important physiological cation, and its misregulation is implicated in various diseases. It is therefore important to be able to image zinc by non‐invasive methods such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In this work, we have successfully synthesized a novel Gd3+‐based complex specifically for Zn2+ sensing by MRI. Using a combination of NMR, luminescence, potentiometric, and relaxivity experiments, completed with DFT calculations, we demonstrate that incorporating a short linker between the Zn2+ sensing unit and the Gd3+ complex leads to unique behavior of the system in the absence of Zn2+. A significant increase in efficacy of the system is observed upon Zn2+ binding, and importantly, the complex is highly selective for Zn2+ relative to other physiological cations. A comprehensive structural study reliably determines the microscopic parameters at the origin of the Zn2+ response, primarily an increase in the number of water molecules directly coordinated to Gd3+ upon Zn2+ binding. Crucially, the system maintains a strong response to Zn2+ binding in the presence of Human Serum Albumin, highlighting its potential for biological applications.
Charakterisierung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von Eisenoxidpartikeln
Authors: Aman Polina , Kutia Mykhailo , Palis Stefan
Published: December 2024

Fe3O4‐Pulver wird durch Mahlen des Magnetitminerals gewonnen. Die Partikelgröße hat großen Einfluss auf die magnetischen Eigenschaften des Pulvers. Die Messung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von zerkleinertem Magnetit erfordert den Einsatz komplexer und hochempfindlicher Messgeräte und ist zeitaufwändig. Dazu wurde eine Messmethode auf Basis eines Kraftmagnetometers entwickelt, welche eine schnelle und effiziente Beurteilung magnetischer Eigenschaften ermöglicht. Das vorgeschlagene Messprinzip kann zur direkten Beurteilung der Mahleffizienz von Fe3O4 herangezogen werden.
2‐Carboxyquinoline Boronic Acids as Highly Potent KPC Inhibitors
Authors: Ma Zheng , Cui Ge , Dou Lijie , Chen Fangfang , Xie Hexin
Published: December 2024

The expression of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), a type of carbapenem‐hydrolyzing β‐lactamase, in Gram‐negative bacteria has caused significant bacterial resistance to carbapenems, the antibiotic of last resort. Herein, we describe the discovery of 2‐carboxyquinoline boronic acids as inhibitor of KPC. We have identified fluoro‐substituted carboxyquinoline boronic acids 1 e as the most potent inhibitor, with an IC50 of 8.3 nM for KPC‐2, while this compound is significantly less efficient at reducing the activity of other β‐lactamases. This compound proved to have low cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells, as well as low haemolysis and antibacterial activity. However, 1 e potentiated the efficacy of β‐lactam antibiotics (e. g., meropenem and ceftazidime) against KPC‐2‐expressing resistant Klebsiella pneumonia by up to 256‐fold.
CareHPV, Papanicolaou Positivity Status, and Their Association With Behavioral Risk Factors in Rural Women of Kamrup District, Assam, India
Authors: Sarma Pallavi , Barmon Debabrata , Rai Avdhesh Kumar , Kataki Amal Chandra , Sarma Anupam , Baruah Upasana , Kakoti Lopamudra , Barman Debanjana , Sharma Ratnadeep
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

Screening of rural women of Assam by careHPV test for high‐risk HPV (hr‐HPV) DNA and Papanicolaou (PAP) test for abnormal cytology.

Method

This prospective cross‐sectional study included 480 non‐pregnant women participants aged 20–70 years from Kamrup District, Assam. Two cervical scrap samples were obtained from eligible enrolled women. The Hr‐HPV DNA test by CareHPV was performed with one cervical scrap, and a second cervical scrap sample was used for the Papanicolaou (PAP) test. The statistical analysis was done using RStudio for variables. A p‐value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

Women having positive hr‐HPV DNA outcomes were 3.33% (16/480) and 7.7% (37/480) women had positive PAP. Tobacco chewing was significantly associated with positive hr‐HPV DNA (p = 0.04) and positive PAP (p = 0.03) status. Alcohol‐consuming women have a significantly higher risk of positive hr‐HPV DNA (p < 0.00001) and positive PAP (p‐0.04) outcomes. Irregular menstruation (p = 0.004) and urogenital tract infection (p = 0.008) also have significant risk for a positive hr‐HPV DNA status. The positive hr‐HPV DNA status was also significant in women having > 3 numbers of children birth (p = 0.003).

Conclusion

We found that the positive hr‐HPV DNA status among rural women in Kamrup, Assam, was significantly associated with alcohol consumption, tobacco chewing, irregular menstruation, urogenital tract infection, and more than three children birth. The abnormal cytology outcome was also substantially associated with tobacco chewing and alcohol consumption.
Stabilizing Polyoxometalate for Enhanced OER Performance Using a Porous Manganese Oxide Support
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Shen Lin , Hyeong Lee Tae , Qian Yongteng , Joon Kang Dae
Published: December 2024

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical challenge in electrocatalytic water splitting, hindered by high energy demands and slow kinetics. Polyoxometalates (POMs), recognized for their unique redox capabilities, structural archetypes, and molecular precision, are promising candidates for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Yet, their application is hindered by high water solubility, causing rapid degradation and efficiency loss under harsh OER conditions. This study enhances the performance and stability of polyoxometalates (POMs) for OER by anchoring keggin‐type POM [TiCoW11O40]7− nanosheets onto a conductive, carbon‐protected manganese oxide (C–Mn2O3) nanospheres support. The acquired porous framework enhances POM/C−Mn₂O₃ (PCM) contact, improving stability, reaction kinetics, and redox activity by offering nucleation sites, electronic pathways, and abundant active sites, significantly boosting OER activity. The resulting PCM nanohybrid demonstrates remarkable OER activity in 1 M KOH, requiring only a 300 mV overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 88 mV/dec. The PCM electrocatalyst also shows high mass activity (784 A/g at 1.6 V) and maintains stability over 100 hours at 100 mA cm−2 without performance fatigue. Consequently, this study offers a viable strategy for developing efficient, durable electrocatalysts using low‐cost materials.
Autoantibodies in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Tiniakou Eleni , Casciola‐Rosen Livia , Thomas Mekha A , Manabe Yuka , Antar Annukka AR , Damarla Mahendra , Hassoun Paul M , Gao Li , Wang Zitong , Zeger Scott , Rosen Antony
Published: December 2024

Objectives

CD209L and its homologous protein CD209 act as alternative entry receptors for the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and are highly expressed in the virally targeted tissues. We tested for the presence and clinical features of autoantibodies targeting these receptors and compared these with autoantibodies known to be associated with COVID‐19.

Methods

Using banked samples (n = 118) from Johns Hopkins patients hospitalised with COVID‐19, we defined autoantibodies against CD209 and CD209L by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical associations of these antibodies were compared with those of patients with anti‐interferon (IFN) and anti‐angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2) autoantibodies.

Results

Amongst patients hospitalised with COVID‐19, 19.5% (23/118) had IgM autoantibodies against CD209L and were more likely to have coronary artery disease (44% vs 19%, P = 0.03). Antibodies against CD209 were present in 5.9% (7/118); interestingly, all 7 were male (P = 0.02). In our study, the presence of either antibody was positively associated with disease severity [OR 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.80 (0.69–5.03)], but the association did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, 10/118 (8.5%) had IgG autoantibodies against IFNα, and 21 (17.8%) had IgM antibodies against ACE2. These patients had significantly worse prognosis (intubation or death) and prolonged hospital stays. However, when adjusting for patient characteristics on admission, only the presence of anti‐ACE2 IgM remained significant [pooled common OR (95% CI), 4.14 (1.37, 12.54)].

Conclusion

We describe IgM autoantibodies against CD209 and CD209L amongst patients hospitalised with COVID‐19. These were not associated with disease severity. Conversely, patients with either anti‐ACE2 IgM or anti‐IFNα IgG antibodies had worse outcomes. Due to the small size of the study cohort, conclusions drawn should be considered cautiously.