bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VALORACIÓN DE LA FUNCIÓN EDUCATIVA DE LA HISTORIA
Authors: Panty Neyra Oscar
Published: September 2019

Ante las reiteradas interrogantes e inquietudes de ¿para qué sirve la historia? ¿cuál es su utilidad? ¿para qué aprender historia en la comunidad y en el país?, pasamos a destacar la importancia educativa de la historia en perspectiva social, vale decir las funciones educativas que se pueden derivar del conocimiento histórico. Al respecto los historiadores han emitido juicios favorables que han puesto de relieve la utilidad social de las investigaciones históricas y su significado en el tiempo. Los siguientes enunciados sintetizan las razones de la importancia social y educativa de la historia.
DIMENSIONES Y USOS DE LOS TÉRMINOS POESÍA, POEMA Y POÉTICA
Authors: Conde Lucero Santos
Published: September 2019

"Poesía", "poema" y "poética" son términos conceptualmente diferentes, aunque se fundamentan en un principio común: el arte de la palabra. Es frecuente el uso de la palabra poesía para referirse a todo texto en verso, lo cual es incorrecto. El poema es sólo el medio del cual se valen los poetas para manifestar un sentimiento altamente intensificado y pretenden recibir la gracia de la poesía, muchas veces sin lograrlo. En cambio, la poesía no tiene forma, por lo tanto, resultaría imposible definirla. Su naturaleza está por encima de cualquier expresión artística. Una representación verbal en verso, aun estando cuidadosamente elaborada, no siempre puede catalogarse como poesía. Este caro atributo tampoco es su patrimonio exclusivo, pues, existen textos en prosa que tienen poesia, por ejemplo, Platero y Yo de Juan Ramón Jiménez.
EL CORREDOR BOLIVIANO POR ARICA
Authors: Quiroz Paz Soldán Eusebio
Published: September 2019

En 1975 el gobierno chileno sometió al gobierno del Perú, de acuerdo con el protocolo anexo al tratado de 1929, una fórmula destinada a otorgar salida al mar a Bolivia por un corredor al norte de Anca. Al mismo tiempo, ya en un arreglo bilateral el país del altiplano debía ceder al vecino del litoral un territorio interior de extensión equivalente a la de la zona que hubiera adquirido al establecerse el corredor marítimo antedicho.

Como es sabido, la transferencia de la soberanía en cualquiera de las provincias que fueron materia del mencionado pacto 1929 - Arica o Tacna - necesita la aprobación del otro estado signatario. De allí la consulta hecha al Perú. El documento que se reproduce en seguido expresa una opinión personal sobre el caso. Datado setiembre de 1976.
HISTORIA Y HIODIVERSIDAD EN EL PERÚ
Authors: Yepes Ernesto
Published: September 2019

No me cabe duda de que la de 1990 será una década que en el futuro encenderá viva polémica entre nuestros historiadores de mañana; esto es, entre los fedatarios del siglo XXI encargados de registrar, auscultar y valorar nuestro paso por la centuria que acababa de concluir.

A esos estudiosos les asombrará contrastar de un lado nuestra algarabía desbordante al recordar 1492, la fecha cabalística en que la Europa renacentista descubrió América, y del otro, observarán quizá incrédulos, nuestro casi púdico silencio frente a otro hecho no menos portentoso: el descubrimiento del Perú por los mestizos descendientes de los Colón y los Pizarro, quinientos años más tarde. Por supuesto, este reciente descubrimiento tiene casi la misma huella que trazaron nuestros ya lejanos parientes peninsulares.
LAS CUATRO CATEGORÍAS TÉCNICO MATERIALES DEL ARTE RUPESTRE PERUANO
Authors: Echevarría López Gori Tumi
Published: September 2019

Haciendo un balance histórico de los estudios rupestres peruanos se puede concluir que, en la actualidad, la forma como se estima esta evidencia cultural en el Perú es completamente arcaica, supervalorando únicamente algunos componentes materiales mínimos de esta evidencia y relegando completamente otros componentes asociados importantes. Esta apreciación fragmentaria se basa principalmente en el desconocimiento de la naturaleza material del arte rupestre y en el poco interés científico en establecer una definición técnica en base a categorías formales con valor epistemológico. Como vamos a exponer en este artículo, la incorporación de categorías definitorias del arte rupestre peruano, desde una perspectiva arqueológica, tiene implicancias en la forma como este material es entendido, registrado y estudiado; siendo claves para su conservación, protección, y en especial, para dotar de valor social a esta importante evidencia cultural.
LA BUENA HORA: DESEO, PERDÓN Y SOLIDARIDAD EN LA ÉTICA ANDINA
Authors: Motta Zamalloa Edmundo
Published: September 2019

El artículo se ocupa de la solidaridad, en sus diversas formas y contextos, como pilar de la ética andina y de los temas subsecuentes: el perdón, el deseo orientado por lo fasto, el concepto del bien y de la dimensión estética que este concepto implica.
MESTIZAJE Y ETNICIDAD EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA IDENTIDAD CULTURAL EN EL PERÚ
Authors: Vela Velarde Carlos
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo se ocupa del mestizaje y la etnicidad como componentes que intervienen en el proceso de la construcción de la identidad cultural en el Perú, y las relaciones de interculturalidad que se desarrollan.
LA DIMENSIÓN SOCIOLÓGICA DEL ARTE MUSICAL
Authors: Velazco Agramonte George
Published: September 2019

El arte musical puede observarse desde perspectivas muy diferentes. La más habitual es la de considerar la música como arte. Un evento artístico, un concierto es un acto musical, pero también es un acto social; según los contextos puede ser también un acto de afirmación de sentido de tiempo, espacio, generacional, clase, etnicidad y género. En esta dimensión ya no consideramos a la música solo como un arte sino como un acto social capaz de generar y articular realidades sociales; lo que la convierte en variable independiente frente a las realidades sociales.
RECICLAJE, APRENDIZAJE COLABORATIVO Y USO DE LAS TIC: "PROYECTO CARTONERO"
Authors: Lanchipa Bergamini Mónica Milagros
Published: September 2019

"Construyendo libros cartoneros, protegemos el medio ambiente y fomentamos prácticas sociales de lectura y escritura, a través de las TIC", es un proyecto dirigido a alumnas de quinto y sexto grado de la I.E. Santísima Niña María de Tacna-Perú y participan en su ejecución: estudiantes, profesores, padres de familia, autoridades, etc. La población beneficiaria asciende a 300 personas cada año. El problema que ayuda a mitigar el proyecto, es el deterioro del medio ambiente, reutilizando el cartón obtenido de los mercadillos de Tacna, para confeccionar libros creativos, y hacer evidente que el reciclaje es posible y necesario. Posteriormente se afianzó con los libritos cartoneros el proceso de lectura y escritura y se fomentaron las prácticas sociales, usando las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicaciones (TIC), para fortalecer la competencia lectora, así como despertar la conciencia ambiental. Para este fin, se diseñó un ambiente de aprendizaje presencial mediado por las TIC, en el cual se propuso una serie de estrategias y actividades que fueron compartidas en la web a través del blog y Facebook del proyecto. Esta práctica fue implementada en el 2009 y mejorada a través de los años, siendo premiada en varias oportunidades.
BREVE ANTOLOGÍA PERSONAL DE FREDY GAMBETTA
Authors: Gambetta Fredy
Published: September 2019

Fui un niño solitario entre personas mayores. No me criaron mis padres. Leí desde la primera infancia y escribí poesía. Mi primer poema reconocido fue el elogio lírico a la reina de mi colegio (1964). Gané un concurso de cuentos, en mis años de estudiante universitario (1967). Publiqué catorce poemarios con el título Sobre todo el Amor (1997). Son poemas dedicados a mi ciudad natal; al amor; a mártires como Víctor Jara; a personajes bíblicos; a animales; a mí gato Nabucodonosor; a varias ciudades, al frenesí de la vida. He escrito cuentos, un ensayo biográfico, investigado épocas de la historia de Tuerza y ensayado escribir obras de teatro. Y crónicas, cientos de crónicas. Sigo escribiendo poesía. Pertenezco a la que se puede llamar "generación de los 70" En esta breve antología recojo poemas editas. Desde 1997 otros versos esperan que les "devuelva la mirada" para ver la luz.
EXTENSIÓN UNIVERSITARIA Y ESTRATEGIA DE OPERACIÓN
Authors: Chaiña Chura Fermin Francisco
Published: September 2019

El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar las características del modelo de extensión universitaria; el problema: ¿Cuál es la naturaleza del modelo de extensión universitaria y de la estrategia de operación? La hipótesis: La socialización del conocimiento a la población se desarrolla en el marco del modelo de extensión universitaria centrado en la transferencia vertical. Se seleccionó una muestra intencional de diez universidades a nivel nacional; se analizó los documentos de gestión de estas instituciones, a través de la técnica del análisis de contenido y su guía. Los resultados indican que el 20% de universidades realizan la socialización del conocimiento a la población, conjugando el modelo de transferencia vertical y el modelo de extensión horizontal. El 80% de universidades realizan este proceso a través del modelo de transferencia vertical. La predominancia de misión y fines institucionales en un 80% y 60% respectivamente, significa que la universidad, sigue asumiendo funciones tradicionales. Solo el 20% de misiones y el 40% de los fines institucionales tienden a superar las funciones tradicionales conjugando con funciones contemporáneas.
PICANTE A LA TACNEÑA
Authors: Chaiña Flores Elard Vladimir
Published: September 2019

Como parte de un pequeño álbum de retratos fotográficos de ilustres tacneños en su mayoría, resaltan por su valor estético y etnográfico un par de retratos de damas, una indígena pelando papas y la otra una negra panadera, que sirven de pretexto para adentramos al arte culinario, específicamente al picante a la tacneña y su entorno.
ANTOLOGÍA POÉTICA DE LIVIO GÓMEZ FLORES
Authors: Conde Lucero Santos
Published: September 2019

Livio Gómez Flores (Ancash, 1933 -2010). Este recordado poeta, en vida, fue profesor de la Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann. Según versiones propias, sus estudios de educación media los realizó en Lima y sus estudios superiores, en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, logrando obtener el título profesional de Licenciado en Educación, con mención de Lengua y Literatura. Como artista obtuvo los siguientes galardones: Primer premio en poesía en los Juegos Florales, 1959 de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima; Primer Premio en Poesía en los Juegos Florales Universitarios, 1968, organizados por la Universidad Nacional de Educación "Enrique Guzmán y Valle", Primer premio en el Concurso "El mejor Poeta Chalaco". Es autor de los siguientes libros: Infancia del olvido (1960), El día incorporado (1962), Hacia tus desvelos (1967), Fraternidades y contiendas (1968), Cómo aprovechar la lección (1976), El poema y sus alrededores (1977), Quebrantamientos (1982), Arte de puntuar (1984). También fue colaborador en revistas y diarios de circulación nacional. Los textos selectos que se ofrece, en cierta forma, expresa, no sólo la intimidad familiar, sus dudas y sus anhelos, sino también, llama la atención, algunas reflexiones sobre el oficio del creador. Creo, particularmente, es notable su tenacidad, de modo que el ideal estético le motivó a persistir en el arte de la palabra.
PENGARUH KONFLIK PERAN (ROLE CONFLICT), KETIDAKJELASAN PERAN (ROLE AMBIGUITY), DAN STRUKTUR AUDIT (AUDIT STRUCTURE) TERHADAP KINERJA AUDITOR PADA KANTOR AKUNTAN PUBLIK DI MEDAN
Authors: Lase Elvina , Putri Arie Pratania , Tarigan Aremi Evanta
Published: September 2019

Dalam penelitian ini akan diuji pengaruh konflik peran, ketidakjelasan peran, dan struktur audit terhadap kinerja  auditor. Responden yang digunakan di penelitian ini adalah para auditor di Kantor Akuntan Publik di kota Medan. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan sampel dalam penelitian adalah pengambilan sampel secara acak. Hasil pengujian secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa konflik peran dan ketidakjelasan peran tidak memiliki pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja auditor sedangkan struktur audit berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja para auditor. Pengujian secara simultan oleh variabel bebas konflik peran, ketidakjelasan peran, dan struktur audit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel kinerja auditor. Sedangkan koefisien determinasi (R2) menunjukkan bahwa 15,7% variabel bebas yaitu konflik peran (X1), ketidakjelasan peran (X2), dan struktur audit (X3) bisa menjelaskan variabel terikat kinerja auditor (Y) dan sisanya 84,3% merupakan variabel lainnya yang tidak diamati di penelitian ini.Kata Kunci: Konflik Peran; Ketidakjelasan Peran; Struktur Audit; Kinerja Auditor
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENENTU DANA PIHAK KETIGA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2010-2017
Authors: Aghnawati Agusti Nia , Cahyadin Malik Malik
Published: September 2019

Perkembangan dana pihak ketiga (DPK) Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) cenderung  meningkat setiap tahun. Peningkatan ini diharapkan relevan dengan peningkatan kinerja keuangan usahanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dana pihak ketiga Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia pada tahun 2010-2017. Metode analisis data menggunakan data panel dengan Random Effect Model (REM). Metode ini dipilih sebagai model terbaik berdasarkan Uji Chow, Uji Hausman, dan Uji Lagrange Multiplier. Data penelitian ini terdiri atas time series sebanyak 8 tahun dan cross section sebanyak 10 BUS. Sumber data penelitian diperoleh dari Bank Indonesia (BI) dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah bagi hasil, biaya promosi, dan jumlah kantor layanan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa selama periode penelitian bagi hasil, jumlah kantor layanan, dan biaya promosi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap DPK BUS. Selain itu, hasil uji koefisien determinasi (R2) yaitu sebesar 0.869811. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 86.9811% variasi variabel dependen dijelaskan oleh variasi variabel independen. Untuk itu, BUS dapat mengkaji ulang penetapan tingkat bagi hasil, biaya promosi dan jumlah kantor layanan untuk mendorong capaian dana pihak ketiga secara progresif.
MINIMASI BIAYA PRODUKSI PADA PRODUK WINKER RELAY MELALUI PERENCANAAN PRODUKSI AGREGAT
Authors: Nursyanti Yevita
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this research is to determine demand forecasting on relay winker products and to determine the aggregate planning of relay winker products that produce minimum costs. The method used in this study is a comparative quantitative method. The data used in conducting aggregate planning are data from forecasting calculations with the chosen method, forecasting is calculated using several methods, namely the Moving Average, Exponential Smoothing, Double Exponential Smoothing, Quadratic and Linear Regression methods. Select this method by looking for the MAPE value. The method that has the smallest MAPE value is Double exponential Smoothing with a value of 2.7%. Aggregate production planning is carried out for 2017 with the method of transportation (least cost), permanent labor and level strategy. The results of data processing show the best method for aggregate planning is transportation method (least cost) which has the lowest cost of Rp. 9,858,625,445.
PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI SHARIA EDUGAME TERHADAP PERFORMANCE LITERACY PENDIDIK TK ISLAM HIDAYATULLAH SEMARANG
Authors: Nuryanto Imam , Farida Ida , Hariyadi Guruh Taufan
Published: September 2019

Sharia Edugame is an information technology-based educational media with islamic content. Sharia Edugame is expected to be a learning media that supports early childhood education. Edugame has 7 indicators, namely overall value, usability, accuracy, appropriateness, relevance, objectives and feed back. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of implementing sharia edugame on educator literacy performance. The object chosen in this study was the TK Islam Hidayatullah Semarang. The sampling technique used was a saturated sample with a total of 21 educators. The data in this study were obtained by questionnaire method which was filled independently. The analysis used in this study uses simple linear regression analysis. The results of this study prove and give the conclusion that the implementation of sharia edugame has a positive and significant effect on performance literacy.Keywords: sharia edugame; islamic content ; performance literacy
PARADIGMA PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM PAI DI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Didiyanto Didiyanto
Published: September 2019

Kurikulum adalah alat pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang perlu dikembangkan sesuai dengan perkembangan yang ada di masyarakat. Ada 3 macam paradigma dalam pengembangan kurikulum antara lain: 1. Paradigma diotomous, 2. Paradigma nikanisme, 3. Paradigma Organisem. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan kurikulum adalah proses yang menentukan bagaimana kurikulum akan berjalan. Jadi dalam penyusunan pengembangan kurikulum harus mempertimbangkan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: Perumusan Tujuan; Definisikan Konten; Memilih Kegiatan; Dan Merumuskan Evaluasi. Jadi dalam penyusunan pengembangan kurikulum harus mempertimbangkan langkah-langkah: 1) Perumusan Tujuan, 2) Menentukan Konten, 3) Memilih Kegiatan, 4) Merumuskan Evaluasi.
ZAKAT DI INDONESIA; SEBUAH REFORMULASI PENGELOLAAN
Authors: Idrus Idrus
Published: September 2019

Naskah ini merupakan kajian konseptual dari sudut pandang pendidikan Islam, yang mencoba untuk memberikan perspektif dari sisi yang berbeda, kajian kritis ini lebih kepada reformulasi zakat merupakan upaya ijtihad di bidang zakat untuk lebih mengefektifkan pelaksanaan zakat dalam konteks ruang dan waktu. Asumsi dasar reformulasi zakat itu adalah zakat merupakan ibadah sosial dan tata aturannya masih sarat dengan ijtihad. tulisan ini akan mencoba mengemukakan reformulasi zakat dalam tiga bidang. Pertama, reformulasi sumber–sumber zakat. Kedua, reformulasi pengengolaan zakat. Ketiga,reformulasi distribusi zakat.
COOPERATIF LEARNING SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMBANGKITKAN KEMBALI EXTINCTION MOTIVASI BELAJAR
Authors: Hambali Hambali
Published: September 2019

Extinction motivasi belajar merupakan salah satu fenomena-fenomena dalam kondisioning klasik, yang artinya menurunnya frekuensi respon bersyarat bahkan akhirnya menghilangnya respon bersyarat akibat ketiadaan stimulus alami dalam proses kondisioning atau secara singkat dapat diartikan hilangnya perilaku akibat dari dihilangkannya reinforcers. Upaya sadar untuk menumbuhkan extinction motivasi belajar diawali  dari lima klasifikasi strategi pembelajaran; direct instruction, indirect instruction, interaktif, empirik dan mandiri. Hal tersebut berakar pada satu dasar teori nativisme bahwa setiap manusia dilahirkan telah memiliki potensi karena bawaan atau faktor genetika. Faktor inilah yang harus diakomodir oleh guru untuk dapat membantu siswa menumbuhkan potensi siswa sesuai dengan model dan strategi pembelajaran yang berpusat pada murid atau yang biasa disebut dengan Student Centered. Cooperative learning atau pembelajaran kooperatif adalah pendekatan pembelajaran yang berfokus pada penggunaan kelompok kecil siswa untuk bekerja sama dalam memaksimalkan kondisi belajar untuk mencapai tujuan belajar. Pembelajaran kooperatif menciptakan interaksi yang asah, asih dan asuh, sehingga tercipta masyarakat belajar. Siswa tidak hanya belajar dari guru tetapi juga dari sesama siswa.
PERKEMBANGAN KURIKULUM PAI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Dhaifi Ahmad
Published: September 2019

This research study exhaustively regarding owth of curriculum in Indonesia. This research aim to to know how far growth of curriculum in Indonesia start from pra-independenting till now. This research use book study method. Data collecting conducted with documentation study technique. Result of this research show growth of curriculum in Indonesia at education domain specially very signifikan, come up with curriculum 2013 (K-13) very orienting at realizing education with character, creating education with vision of local and also create education which is pure and fraternize.
STRATEGI INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI PAI DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SISWA
Authors: Munif Muhammad
Published: September 2019

Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan strategi internalisasi nilai-nilai agama Islam dalam membentuk karakter  siswa di sekolah, mulai dari konsepsi tentang internalisasi nilai, tahapan-tahapan dalam proses internalisasi yaitu: tahap Transformasi Nilai, tahap Transaksi Nilai, dan tahap Transinternalisasi. Selanjutnya, tulisan ini  akan mengeksplorasi teori-teori strategi internalisasi nilai yang populer di kalangan praktisi pendidikan meliputi: strategi keteladanan  (modelling), strategi pembiasaan, strategi ibrah dan amtsal, strategi pemberian nasehat, strategi pemberian janji dan ancaman (targhib wa tarhib), dan strategi kedisiplinan. Pembahasan dalam naskah ini akan dilengkapi dengan model pendekatan internalisasi nilai-nilai PAI di sekolah dari guru kepada siswa melalui lima pendekatan, yakni pendekatan indoktrinasi, pendekatan moral reasoning, pendekatan forecasting concequence, pendekatan klasifikasi nilai, dan pendekatan ibrah dan amtsal. Diakhiri dengan strategi untuk membudayakan nilai-nilai agama di sekolah melalui : power strategi, persuasive strategy, dan normative re-educative strategy.
Pendidikan Islam dalam Mambangun Etika Peradaban; Sebuah Kajian Diskurtif
Authors: Husni Muhamad
Published: September 2019

Humans are born in a state of fitrah, behavior and personality and character of an individual is influenced by several factors including: family, peers, educational environment and so forth. And the most dominant factor is education. Once the importance of education in public life, so he is a life for the life of society. Therefore, the organization of education should be designed properly to the roots. On another aspect that education is the design of philosophy, while philosophy can not be done without accompanied by high science gained through the process of education. Sedagkan a civilization will be easily destroyed if it has neglected ethics, so the main goal of an education is to shape the behavior of learners, by making the Qur'an and al-Hadith as the main basis, so that the ethics is expected that the appropriate ethics of the foundation
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield and Quality of Jalapeño Pepper Fruit (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Valenzuela-García Ana Alejandra , Figueroa-Viramontes Uriel , Salazar-Sosa Enrique , Orona-Castillo Ignacio , Gallegos-Robles Miguel Ángel , García-Hernández José Luis , Troyo-Diéguez Enrique
Published: September 2019

Organic fertilizers were evaluated on jalapeno pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and on their effect on the soil content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), electrical conductivity (EC), pH and organic matter (OM), at the Experimental Station of the Agriculture and Zootechnics Faculty (FAZ-UJED), Ejido Venecia, Durango, México. The assayed experimental fertilizers were vermicompost (VC) with 0 and 3 Mg ha−1, in factorial combination with solarized manure (SM), with 0, 40, 80, and 120 Mg ha−1, and an inorganic fertilization nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) at 150–100–00 Mg ha−1. Microbiological analyses were performed to evaluate the presence of Salmonella spp. The highest yield was 56.2 Mg ha−1 with 120 Mg ha−1 SM, which was statistically similar to 40 and 80 Mg ha−1; the highest P content (70.7 mg kg−1) and OM (3.7%) occurred with 120 Mg ha−1 SM. The inorganic fertilizer reflected the lowest OM (1.1%). Nutrients provided by SM were sufficient to satisfy the crop needs. Values of pH, EC and N were not affected by SM. The fruit quality was not affected by the organic fertilizers. Most fruits were classified as Second-Class Quality (60%), followed by First-Class Quality (25%). Microbiological analyses were negative for Salmonella spp., suggesting that the SM is effective in its elimination.
Effect of Vegetal- and Seaweed Extract-Based Biostimulants on Agronomical and Leaf Quality Traits of Plastic Tunnel-Grown Baby Lettuce under Four Regimes of Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Di Mola Ida , Cozzolino Eugenio , Ottaiano Lucia , Giordano Maria , Rouphael Youssef , Colla Giuseppe , Mori Mauro
Published: September 2019

Nitrogen (N) fertilizers play a crucial role in agriculture, representing a powerful tool for farmers for increasing yields throughout the seasons under both optimal and suboptimal conditions. At the same time, their synthetic/chemical nature could have several influences on ecosystems and human health. For this reason, there is an urgent need to find new and more sustainable means of production to increase plant productivity and optimize nitrogen use. An experiment was conducted in a plastic tunnel to assess the response of baby lettuce crop to the foliar application of three plant biostimulants (PBs): Legume-derived protein hydrolysate (LDPH) ‘Trainer®’, tropical plant extract (TPE) ‘Auxym®’ and seaweed extract (SwE) from Ecklonia maxima ‘Kelpak®’ under different N rates of 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg N·ha−1. The responses of baby lettuce plants were assessed in terms of yield, growth parameters and physicochemical composition of the leaves. The fresh yield of baby lettuce in both biostimulant-treated and untreated plants was positively affected by increasing N rates from 0 to 20 kg N·ha−1, reaching a plateau thereafter indicating luxury N conditions at 30 kg N·ha−1. However, high N fertilizer application (20 and especially 30 kg N·ha−1) resulted in undesirable decreases in antioxidant activities and total ascorbic acid (TAA). Under non-fertilized regimens, foliar PBs application boost growth and yield of baby lettuce in comparison to non-treated plants. Foliar spray with LDPH and especially SwE elicited significant increases in marketable fresh yield (averaging 14%, 6% and 7% at 10, 20 and 30 kg N·ha−1, respectively) compared to TPE and untreated plants. Improved agronomical performance of baby lettuce under optimal (10 kg N ha−1) and especially suboptimal N regimens (0 kg N ha−1) was associated with increasing photochemical efficiency and a better activity of photosystem II (higher Soil Plant Analysis Development-SPAD index and chlorophyllous pigments biosynthesis). The application of LDPH enhanced antioxidant capacity and TAA in baby lettuce leaf and did not increased nitrate content as recorded in SwE and TPE treatments. Overall, plant biostimulants may be considered as a sustainable tool of production to increase leafy vegetable productivity in low fertility soils.
Physico-Chemical Properties of Clay Minerals and Their Use as a Health Promoting Feed Additive
Authors: Nadziakiewicza Małgorzata , Kehoe Sylvia , Micek Piotr
Published: September 2019

The contamination of feeds with microbiological or toxicological agents can affect health, productivity and safety of livestock animals and their products. The treatment of feedstuffs to lower the content of undesired substances before feeding is expensive and labor intensive, therefore an alternative is to reduce their gastrointestinal absorption. Different feed additives are available, however the use of clays and clay minerals are ideal for this purpose due to their high specific surface area, adsorption capacity, low or null toxicity for the animal and low cost. A large number of clays available to producers have different structures that are dependent on their mining source, causing difficulty in proper categorization. For this reason properties of phyllosilicates with 1:1 layers (one sheet of SiO4 tetrahedra joined to one sheet of Al- or Mg-octahedra), 2:1 layers (one sheet of Al- or Mg-octahedra between two sheets of Si-tetrahedra), and 2:1:1 layers (a basic 2:1 structure with an interlayer brucite (with cations Mg2+ or Fe2+) or gibbsite (with cation Al3+) sheet) and tectosilicates are described. The role of clay minerals in animal production shows a reduction in diarrhea, better feed conversion ratio, and improved health of many livestock species due to their specific adsorption potential of many feed mycotoxins. Overall, there is growing interest in the use of clays due to their beneficial characteristics, absence of primary toxicity and success in research to reduce animal disease and improve animal production and safety of animal products.
Optimal Disintegration Strategy in Multiplex Networks under Layer Node-Based Attack
Authors: Qi Mingze , Bai Yu , Li Xiaohan , Deng Hongzhong , Wang Tao
Published: September 2019

From social networks to complex infrastructures, many systems could be described by multiplex networks formed by a set of nodes connected via more than one type of links. Network disintegration, which is the problem of identifying a set of nodes or edges whose removal would maximize the network collapse, is significant for dismantling harmful networks. In this article, we consider the optimal disintegration strategy problem in multiplex networks and extend the attack mode to the layer node-based attack. An optimization model is proposed to search the optimal strategy of a multiplex network under layer node-based attack with fix attack length. Two types of strategies based on the information of multiplex nodes and layer nodes, respectively, are also given for comparison. Through experiments in both model networks and real networks, we found that the approximate optimal strategies could be identified by solving the model. The properties of the optimal strategies are also summarized.
Validating the Model of a No-Till Coulter Assembly Equipped with a Magnetorheological Damping System
Authors: Sharipov Galibjon M. , Paraforos Dimitrios S. , Griepentrog Hans W.
Published: September 2019

Variability in soil conditions has a significant influence on the performance of a no-till seeder in terms of an inconsistency in the depth of seeding. This occurs due to the inappropriate dynamic responses of the coulter to the variable soil conditions. In this work, the dynamics of a coulter assembly, designed with a magnetorheological (MR) damping system, were simulated, in terms of vertical movement and ground impact. The developed model used measured inputs from previously performed experiments, i.e., surface profiles and vertical forces. Subsequently, the actual coulter was reassembled with an MR damping system. Multiple sensors were attached to the developed coulter in order to capture its motion behavior together with the profiles, which were followed by the packer wheel. With the aim to validate the correctness of the simulation model, the simulation outputs, i.e., pitch angles and damper forces, were compared to the measured ones. The comparison was based on the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) in percentage, the root-mean-squared deviation (RMSD), and the correlation coefficient. The average value of the RMSE for the pitch angle, for all currents applied on the MR damper, was below 10% and 8% for the speeds of 10 km h−1 and 12 km h−1, respectively. For the damper force, these figures were 15% and 13%. The RMSD was below 0.5 deg and 1.3 N for the pitch angle and the damper force, respectively. The correlation coefficient for all datasets was above 0.95 and 0.7 for the pitch angle and the damper force, respectively. Since the damper force indicated a comparatively lower correlation in the time domain, its frequency domain and coherence were investigated. The coherence value was above 0.9 for all datasets.
Two-Dimensional Spatial Coherence for Ultrasonic DMAS Beamforming in Multi-Angle Plane-Wave Imaging
Authors: Shen Che-Chou , Hsieh Pei-Ying
Published: September 2019

Ultrasonic multi-angle plane-wave (PW) coherent compounding relies on delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming of two-dimensional (2D) echo matrix in both the dimensions PW transmit angle and receiving channel to construct each image pixel. Due to the characteristics of DAS beamforming, PW coherent compounding may suffer from high image clutter when the number of transmit angles is kept low for ultrafast image acquisition. Delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) beamforming exploits the spatial coherence of the receiving aperture to suppress clutter interference. Previous attempts to introduce DMAS beamforming into multi-angle PW imaging has been reported but only in either dimension of the 2D echo matrix. In this study, a novel DMAS operation is proposed to extract the 2D spatial coherence of echo matrix for further improvement of image quality. The proposed 2D-DMAS method relies on a flexibly tunable p value to manipulate the signal coherence in the beamforming output. For p = 2.0 as an example, simulation results indicate that 2D-DMAS outperforms other one-dimensional DMAS methods by at least 9.3 dB in terms of ghost-artifact suppression. Experimental results also show that 2D-DMAS provides the highest improvement in lateral resolution by 32% and in image contrast by 15.6 dB relative to conventional 2D-DAS beamforming. Nonetheless, since 2D-DMAS emphasizes signal coherence more than its one-dimensional DMAS counterparts, it suffers from the most elevated speckle variation and the granular pattern in the tissue background.
Design and Experiment of a Large-Aperture Hollow Traveling Wave Ultrasonic Motor with Low Speed and High Torque
Authors: Liu Jun , Niu Zi-Jie , Zhu Hua , Zhao Chun-Sheng
Published: September 2019

To realize applications involving low speed and high torque in the high-performance actuator industry, especially in the aerospace field, we propose a novel 70H traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor (TRUM) with an outer diameter of 70 mm and an aperture ratio of 53% (the ratio between the aperture and outer diameter). The power transmission mechanism between the stator and the rotor is analyzed, and a method for realizing low-speed–high-torque characteristics of TRUMs is proposed. ANSYS software is used to simulate the modal parameters of the stator, and the ratio β between the normal amplitude and the tangential vibration velocity of the stator is proposed. The larger the value of β, the lower the speed and the higher the torque. Furthermore, two prototype motors are fabricated, namely, 70HA and 70HB. Compared with 70HA, the maximum no-load speed of the improved 70HB (50 rpm) is decreased by 23.1% and the maximum stall torque (2.4 N∙m) is increased by 100%. Besides this, with a smaller mass of 210 g and a higher torque density of 11.43 N∙m/kg, 70HB has fundamentally different mechanical characteristics.
Inhibition of Ghrelin Activity by Receptor Antagonist [d-Lys-3] GHRP-6 Attenuates Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Steatosis by Regulating Hepatic Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Rasineni Karuna , Kubik Jacy L. , Casey Carol A. , Kharbanda Kusum K.
Published: September 2019

Alcoholic steatosis, characterized by an accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes, is one of the earliest pathological changes in the progression of alcoholic liver disease. In our previous study, we showed that alcohol-induced increase in serum ghrelin levels impair insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. The consequent reduction in the circulating insulin levels promote adipose-derived fatty acid mobilization to ultimately contribute to hepatic steatosis. In this study, we determined whether inhibition of ghrelin activity in chronic alcohol-fed rats could improve hepatic lipid homeostasis at the pancreas–adipose–liver axis. Adult Wistar rats were fed Lieber-DeCarli control or an ethanol liquid diet for 7 weeks. At 6 weeks, a subset of rats in each group were injected with either saline or ghrelin receptor antagonist, [d-Lys-3] GHRP-6 (DLys; 9 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days and all rats were sacrificed 2 days later. DLys treatment of ethanol rats improved pancreatic insulin secretion, normalized serum insulin levels, and the adipose lipid metabolism, as evidenced by the decreased serum free fatty acids (FFA). DLys treatment of ethanol rats also significantly decreased the circulating FFA uptake, de novo hepatic fatty acid synthesis ultimately attenuating alcoholic steatosis. To summarize, inhibition of ghrelin activity reduced alcoholic steatosis by improving insulin secretion, normalizing serum insulin levels, inhibiting adipose lipolysis, and preventing fatty acid uptake and synthesis in the liver. Our studies provided new insights on the important role of ghrelin in modulating the pancreas–adipose–liver, and promoting adipocyte lipolysis and hepatic steatosis. The findings offer a therapeutic approach of not only preventing alcoholic liver injury but also treating it.
Iso-Mukaadial Acetate from Warburgia salutaris Enhances Glucose Uptake in the L6 Rat Myoblast Cell Line
Authors: Msomi Nontokozo Z. , Shode Francis O. , Pooe Ofentse J. , Mazibuko-Mbeje Sithandiwe , Simelane Mthokozisi B. C.
Published: September 2019

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder which has become a major risk to the health of humankind, as its global prevalence is increasing rapidly. Currently available treatment options in modern medicine have several adverse effects. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop alternative cost-effective, safe, and active treatments for diabetes. In this regard, medicinal plants provide the best option for new therapeutic remedies desired to be effective and safe. Recently, we focused our attention on drimane sesquiterpenes as potential sources of antimalarial and antidiabetic agents. In this study, iso-mukaadial acetate (Iso) (1), a drimane-type sesquiterpenoid from the ground stem bark of Warburgia salutaris, was investigated for glucose uptake enhancement in the L6 rat myoblast cell line. In vitro assays with L6 skeletal muscle cells were used to test for cytotoxicity, glucose utilisation, and western blot analysis. Additionally, the inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes and 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity were analysed in vitro. The cell viability effect of iso-mukaadial acetate was the highest at 3 µg/mL with a percentage of 98.4. Iso-mukaadial acetate also significantly and dose-dependently increased glucose utilisation up to 215.18% (12.5 µg/mL). The increase in glucose utilisation was accompanied by enhanced 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)and protein kinase B (AKT) in dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, iso-mukaadial acetate dose-dependently inhibited the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Scavenging activity against DPPH was displayed by iso-mukaadial acetate in a concentration-dependent manner. The findings indicate the apparent therapeutic efficacy of iso-mukaadial acetate isolated from W. salutaris as a potential new antidiabetic agent.
Antifungal Agents in Agriculture: Friends and Foes of Public Health
Authors: Brauer Veronica Soares , Rezende Caroline Patini , Pessoni Andre Moreira , De Paula Renato Graciano , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Nayaka Siddaiah Chandra , Gupta Vijai Kumar , Almeida Fausto
Published: September 2019

Fungal diseases have been underestimated worldwide but constitute a substantial threat to several plant and animal species as well as to public health. The increase in the global population has entailed an increase in the demand for agriculture in recent decades. Accordingly, there has been worldwide pressure to find means to improve the quality and productivity of agricultural crops. Antifungal agents have been widely used as an alternative for managing fungal diseases affecting several crops. However, the unregulated use of antifungals can jeopardize public health. Application of fungicides in agriculture should be under strict regulation to ensure the toxicological safety of commercialized foods. This review discusses the use of antifungals in agriculture worldwide, the need to develop new antifungals, and improvement of regulations regarding antifungal use.
Characterization of Binding of Magnetic Nanoparticles to Rolling Circle Amplification Products by Turn-On Magnetic Assay
Authors: Sepehri Sobhan , Agnarsson Björn , Zardán Gómez de la Torre Teresa , Schneiderman Justin F. , Blomgren Jakob , Jesorka Aldo , Johansson Christer , Nilsson Mats , Albert Jan , Strømme Maria , Winkler Dag , Kalaboukhov Alexei
Published: September 2019

The specific binding of oligonucleotide-tagged 100 nm magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to rolling circle products (RCPs) is investigated using our newly developed differential homogenous magnetic assay (DHMA). The DHMA measures ac magnetic susceptibility from a test and a control samples simultaneously and eliminates magnetic background signal. Therefore, the DHMA can reveal details of binding kinetics of magnetic nanoparticles at very low concentrations of RCPs. From the analysis of the imaginary part of the DHMA signal, we find that smaller MNPs in the particle ensemble bind first to the RCPs. When the RCP concentration increases, we observe the formation of agglomerates, which leads to lower number of MNPs per RCP at higher concentrations of RCPs. The results thus indicate that a full frequency range of ac susceptibility observation is necessary to detect low concentrations of target RCPs and a long amplification time is not required as it does not significantly increase the number of MNPs per RCP. The findings are critical for understanding the underlying microscopic binding process for improving the assay performance. They furthermore suggest DHMA is a powerful technique for dynamically characterizing the binding interactions between MNPs and biomolecules in fluid volumes.
Fatty Acid-Treated Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human Cardiomyocytes Exhibit Adult Cardiomyocyte-Like Energy Metabolism Phenotypes
Authors: Horikoshi Yuichi , Yan Yasheng , Terashvili Maia , Wells Clive , Horikoshi Hisako , Fujita Satoshi , Bosnjak Zeljko , Bai Xiaowen
Published: September 2019

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) (iPSC-CMs) are a promising cell source for myocardial regeneration, disease modeling and drug assessment. However, iPSC-CMs exhibit immature fetal CM-like characteristics that are different from adult CMs in several aspects, including cellular structure and metabolism. As an example, glycolysis is a major energy source for immature CMs. As CMs mature, the mitochondrial oxidative capacity increases, with fatty acid β-oxidation becoming a key energy source to meet the heart’s high energy demand. The immaturity of iPSC-CMs thereby limits their applications. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the energy substrate fatty acid-treated iPSC-CMs exhibit adult CM-like metabolic properties. After 20 days of differentiation from human iPSCs, iPSC-CMs were sequentially cultured with CM purification medium (lactate+/glucose-) for 7 days and maturation medium (fatty acids+/glucose-) for 3–7 days by mimicking the adult CM’s preference of utilizing fatty acids as a major metabolic substrate. The purity and maturity of iPSC-CMs were characterized via the analysis of: (1) Expression of CM-specific markers (e.g., troponin T, and sodium and potassium channels) using RT-qPCR, Western blot or immunofluorescence staining and electron microscopy imaging; and (2) cell energy metabolic profiles using the XF96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. iPSCs-CMs (98% purity) cultured in maturation medium exhibited enhanced elongation, increased mitochondrial numbers with more aligned Z-lines, and increased expression of matured CM-related genes, suggesting that fatty acid-contained medium promotes iPSC-CMs to undergo maturation. In addition, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) linked to basal respiration, ATP production, and maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity (representing mitochondrial function) was increased in matured iPSC-CMs. Mature iPSC-CMs also displayed a larger change in basal and maximum respirations due to the utilization of exogenous fatty acids (palmitate) compared with non-matured control iPSC-CMs. Etomoxir (a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 inhibitor) but not 2-deoxyglucose (an inhibitor of glycolysis) abolished the palmitate pretreatment-mediated OCR increases in mature iPSC-CMs. Collectively, our data demonstrate for the first time that fatty acid treatment promotes metabolic maturation of iPSC-CMs (as evidenced by enhanced mitochondrial oxidative function and strong capacity of utilizing fatty acids as energy source). These matured iPSC-CMs might be a promising human CM source for broad biomedical application.
DNA Damage Changes Distribution Pattern and Levels of HP1 Protein Isoforms in the Nucleolus and Increases Phosphorylation of HP1β-Ser88
Authors: Legartová Soňa , Lochmanová Gabriela , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Kozubek Stanislav , Šponer Jiří , Krepl Miroslav , Pokorná Pavlína , Bártová Eva
Published: September 2019

The family of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) isoforms is essential for chromatin packaging, regulation of gene expression, and repair of damaged DNA. Here we document that γ-radiation reduced the number of HP1α-positive foci, but not HP1β and HP1γ foci, located in the vicinity of the fibrillarin-positive region of the nucleolus. The additional analysis confirmed that γ-radiation has the ability to significantly decrease the level of HP1α in rDNA promoter and rDNA encoding 28S rRNA. By mass spectrometry, we showed that treatment by γ-rays enhanced the HP1β serine 88 phosphorylation (S88ph), but other analyzed modifications of HP1β, including S161ph/Y163ph, S171ph, and S174ph, were not changed in cells exposed to γ-rays or treated by the HDAC inhibitor (HDACi). Interestingly, a combination of HDACi and γ-radiation increased the level of HP1α and HP1γ. The level of HP1β remained identical before and after the HDACi/γ-rays treatment, but HDACi strengthened HP1β interaction with the KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1) protein. Conversely, HP1γ did not interact with KAP1, although approximately 40% of HP1γ foci co-localized with accumulated KAP1. Especially HP1γ foci at the periphery of nucleoli were mostly absent of KAP1. Together, DNA damage changed the morphology, levels, and interaction properties of HP1 isoforms. Also, γ-irradiation-induced hyperphosphorylation of the HP1β protein; thus, HP1β-S88ph could be considered as an important marker of DNA damage.
Estrogen-Receptor Expression and Function in Female Reproductive Disease
Authors: Tang Zi-Run , Zhang Rui , Lian Zheng-Xing , Deng Shou-Long , Yu Kun
Published: September 2019

Estrogen receptors (ER) include ER alpha, ER beta and new membrane receptor G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30). Estrogen receptors are key receptors to maintain ovarian granulosa cell differentiation, follicle and oocyte growth and development, and ovulation function. The abnormal functions of estrogen, its receptors, and estradiol synthesis-related enzymes are closely related to clinical reproductive endocrine diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis (EMS). At present, hormone therapy is the main treatment for ovarian-related diseases, and a stable hormone environment is established by regulating ovarian function. In recent years, some estrogen-related drugs have made great progress, such as clomiphene, which is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen drug in clinical application. This article elaborates on the regulatory role of estrogen and its nuclear receptors and membrane receptors in oocyte development, especially female reproductive diseases related to the abnormal expression of estrogen and its receptors. We also highlighted the latest advances of treatment strategy for these diseases and the application of related targeted small molecule drugs in clinical research and treatment, so as to provide reference for the treatment of female reproductive diseases.