bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Interface Formed between Top Electrodes and Epitaxial NiO Films for Bipolar Resistance Switching
Authors: Lee Seung Ran , Kim Hoon Min , Bak Jung Hoon , Park Yun Daniel , Char Kookrin , Park Hong Woo , Kwon Deok-Hwang , Kim Miyoung , Kim Dong-Chirl , Seo Sunae , Li Xiang-Shu , Park Gyeong-Su , Jung Ranju
Published: March 2010

We investigated the resistance switching (RS) phenomenon in epitaxial NiO (epi-NiO) films by employing different types of top electrodes (TEs). Epi-NiO showed successive bipolar RS when Pt and CaRuO3 (CRO) were used as the TEs, but not when Al and Ti were used. We studied the temperature dependence of the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics for various TEs and resistance states to understand the conduction properties of TE/epi-NiO. Pristine CRO/epi-NiO showed metallic behavior, while pristine Pt/epi-NiO and Al/epi-NiO showed insulating behavior. Pt/epi-NiO and Al/epi-NiO, however, switched to a metallic or non-insulating state after electroforming. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed the presence of a distinct stable interfacial AlO
x
layer in pristine Al/epi-NiO. On the other hand, the interfacial metal oxide layer was indistinguishable in the case of pristine Pt/epi-NiO and CRO/epi-NiO. Our experimental results suggested that epi-NiO has an oxygen defect on its surface and therefore the various TE/epi-NiO interfaces characterized in this study adopt distinctive electrical states. Further, the bipolar RS phenomenon can be explained by the voltage-polarity-dependent movement of oxygen ions near the interface.
Etching Characteristics of In2O3 and SnO2 Thin Films in an Inductively Coupled HBr/Ar Plasma: Effects of Gas Mixing Ratio and Bias Power
Authors: Kwon Kwang-Ho , Efremov Alexander , Kim Moonkeun , Min Nam Ki , Jeong Jaehwa , Kim Kwangsoo
Published: March 2010

An investigation of the etching characteristics and mechanisms of both In2O3 and SnO2 in a HBr/Ar inductively coupled plasma was carried out. The etching rates were measured in the range of 0–100% Ar and 100–300 W bias power at a fixed gas flow rate (40 sccm), total gas pressure (6 mTorr), and input power (700 W). The plasma parameters and composition were determined using a combination of plasma diagnostics by a double Langmuir probe and a global (zero-dimensional) plasma model. It was found that both In2O3 and SnO2 etching rates are mainly controlled by the Br atom flux, with some sensitivity to the ion energy flux corresponding to the transitional regimes of the ion-assisted chemical reaction.
In-situ X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Study of TiO2 Nanoparticles under Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Jeon Jong-Sul , Kim Byung-Hyuk , Park Chang-In , Seo Soo-Young , Kwak Changha , Kim Seon-Hyo , Han Sang-Wook
Published: March 2010

The local structural properties of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated under ultraviolet light (UV) using in-situ X-ray absorption fine structure measurements at the Ti K edge. XAFS analysis showed that the bond lengths of the atomic pairs were distorted by 0.1 Å and that the Debye–Waller factors of the atomic pairs were increased substantially under UV light, compared with those of no UV light. These results suggested that the local structural changes were caused by the photocatalyst reactivity of oxygen atoms in the NPs. Unlike other techniques, in-situ XAFS is sensitive to detect local structural changes during the photocatalytic reactivity.
Temperature Limitations of Quantum Hall Far-Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Chen Jeng-Chung , Zhang Jingbin , Chi Cheng-Chung , Ueda Takeji , Komiyama Susumu
Published: March 2010

We have investigated the temperature, T, dependence of a highly sensitive far-infrared (FIR) photodetector fabricated on a two-dimensional electron gas system in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The photoinduced resistance change, ΔR

x
x
, observed in different integer quantum Hall (QH) regimes shows different T dependences. At high T, ΔR

x
x
is limited by the vanishing of rising electronic temperature ΔT
e. For T < 5 K, ΔR

x
x
can either rapidly increase with lower T or slowly diminish, determined by the interplay between the magnetic field dependence of ΔT
e and the T dependence of QH states.
Band Offsets and Photoluminescence Thermal Quenching in Mid-Infrared Emitting GaInAsSb Quantum Wells with Quinary AlGaInAsSb Barriers
Authors: Sęk Grzegorz , Motyka Marcin , Ryczko Krzysztof , Janiak Filip , Misiewicz Jan , Belahsene Sofiane , Boissier Guilhem , Rouillard Yves
Published: March 2010

Optical transitions in Ga0.35In0.65As0.32Sb0.68/Al0.25Ga0.50In0.25As0.24Sb0.76 quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates have been detected by photoreflectance. Based on comparison with energy level calculations, the chemical conduction band offset ratio has been determined to be 78%. This translates into 65% in the real structure (i.e., after strain inclusion) which is an evidence of the expected band offset ratio modification in a quinary barrier system in favor of enhanced confinement in the valence band, when compared to similar quantum wells but with quaternary barriers. This has allowed us to explain the main photoluminescence thermal quenching mechanisms and connect the carrier activation energies with delocalization of excitons at low temperatures and the escape of holes via the confined states ladder at room temperature.
Pentacene:Fullerene Multilayer-Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Cells Fabricated by Alternating Evaporation Method
Authors: Sakai Jun , Taima Tetsuya , Yamanari Toshihiro , Yoshida Yuji , Fujii Akihiko , Ozaki Masanori
Published: March 2010

Novel small-molecule organic photovoltaic cell structures with pentacene and fullerene multilayers are reported. Pentacene is an attractive material for photovoltaic cells, but it tends to crystallize with molecular orientation during vacuum deposition. Therefore, thus far, it has been difficult to fabricate a bulk-heterojunction active layer with fullerenes by coevaporation, despite the demand for pentacene/fullerene bilayer heterojunction cells owing to their good photovoltaic performance. Here, instead of preparing an active layer by coevaporation, we prepare a pentacene and fullerene multilayer-heterojunction active layer by alternating evaporation. It was found that multilayer cells show superior photovoltaic performance to bilayer cells owing to the improvements in their exciton dissociation efficiency and charge carrier transport properties.
Generation and Propagation of Sub-Terahertz Pulse Signal Using Waveguide-Integrated InP/InGaAs Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiode
Authors: Ito Hiroshi , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Furuta Tomofumi , Ishibashi Tadao
Published: March 2010

The waveform of a sub-terahertz pulse signal propagating through a coplanar waveguide fabricated on an InP substrate is investigated. An electrical pulse of about 1.4 ps width is generated by an InP/InGaAs uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) using a 1.55 µm light signal. The pulse profile is asymmetrically modified and the bandwidth is markedly degraded as the pulse propagates. Numerical calculation indicates that the modification is basically caused by the frequency dispersion of the substrate dielectric constant. Although the pulse profile and bandwidth are degraded, high-frequency Fourier components in the sub-terahertz range are revealed to remain considerably after the propagation, demonstrating the potential of the waveguide-integrated UTC-PD as a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy device operating at 1.55 µm.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Implanted ZnO Films
Authors: Ke Xianwen , Zou Changwei , Li Ming , Liu Chuangsheng , Guo Liping , Fu Dejun
Published: March 2010

Unintentionally doped n-ZnO(0002) films prepared by pulse laser deposition were implanted with various doses of Mn+. Photoluminescence measurement revealed that the incorporation of Mn in the films shifts the near band edge position towards the higher energy side. Magnetism measurements of the Mn-implanted samples showed clear magnetic properties. Magnetization–field hysteresis loops were observed at 300 K and the temperature-dependent magnetization showed magnetic behavior up to 350 K, which is in agreement with the theoretical prediction.
Simultaneous Size Control of Microcapsule and Its Nanopores Using Polymer Concentration
Authors: Cha Jemyung , Jeong Eun Ho , Takahiro Arakawa , Kim Kyung Chun , Shoji Shuich , Go Jeung Sang
Published: March 2010

Polymeric microcapsules with nanopores are produced using the droplet-based self-assembly of a block copolymer in the microfluidic channel. Differently from the conventional wise, the sizes of the microcapsule and its nanopores are controlled by changing the concentration of the block copolymer dissolved in an organic solvent. The increase in the polymer concentration shows the increase in the size of the microcapsule and the decrease of the size and number of the nanopores. Also, to obtain the optimal morphology of the nanopores in the microcapsule, the removal process of a surfactant is newly developed by using a microporous metal mesh.
Double Patterning Analysis Method by Emulation Using a Double-Exposure Technique
Authors: Miyazaki Junji , Toyama Nobuhito , Kawai Akira
Published: March 2010

Double patterning lithography was utilized to break the resolution limit of lithography and is the most promising technology that enables shrinking of this limit. There are some barriers concerning evaluation of the double patterning process because it includes the hard mask fabrication and dry etching process. We proposed a new evaluation method for double patterning to analyze photomask performance with an easy and simple procedure using a double-exposure technique. Results showed this emulation method was useful in determining the impact of mask overlay and critical dimension (CD) error on double patterning lithography. We also evaluated the impact of mask overlay and CD. Both the overlay and CD difference were very good between the two masks. Correlations between mask and wafer cannot be detected because of the measured overlay error and the CD performance of masks was too small.
Deposition of Amorphous Zinc Indium Tin Oxide and Indium Tin Oxide Films on Flexible Poly(ether sulfone) Substrate Using RF Magnetron Co-sputtering System
Authors: Heo Gi-Seok , Gim Yuji-Matsumoto , Park Jong-Woon , Kim Gwang-Young , Kim Tae-Won
Published: March 2010

Zn–In–Sn-O (ZITO) and In–Sn-O (ITO) thin films were deposited at room temperature on poly(ether sulfone) (PES) substrates using a combinatorial rf magnetron co-sputtering system. The cationic contents of the films were varied using a compositionally combinatorial technique. The average optical transmittance of the ZITO films was >80% in the visible region. The ZITO films showed an amorphous phase regardless of the zinc content. A minimum resistivity of 4.1×10-4 Ω·cm was obtained at a zinc content of 8.9 at. % [Zn/(In + Zn + Sn)]. The amorphous ZITO films deposited on flexible substrates had good mechanical durability against external dynamic stress, as measured using a bending test. Overall, the characteristics of the ZITO films were comparable or superior to those of the amorphous ITO films, and thus ZITO films may serve as a viable, low-cost alternative for electrode applications in flexible organic light-emitting diodes or organic solar cells.
Optimal Channel Ion Implantation for High Memory Margin of Capacitor-Less Memory Cell Fabricated on Fully Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator
Authors: Kim Seong-Je , Oh Jung-Mi , Shim Tae-Hun , Park Jea-Gun
Published: March 2010

The effect of channel doping concentration on the memory margin of capacitor-less (Cap-less) memory cells fabricated on fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) n-metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) was investigated. It was observed that the memory margin of Cap-less memory cells is significantly varied by the channel doping concentration, i.e., it increases with doping concentrations up to 1.4 ×1017 cm-3 and then decreases with higher doping concentrations. In particular, at a concentration of 1.4 ×1017 cm-3 it increased 1.8 times compared with that at 1.5 ×1015 cm-3. This gives rise to speculation that the memory margin of Cap-less memory cells fabricated on fully depleted SOI n-MOSFETs can be increased by enlarging the lateral electric field and can be decreased by reducing the current density. These results suggest that a higher memory margin in Cap-less memory cells can be obtained by optimizing channel doping concentration in fully depleted SOI n-MOSFETs.
Measurement of Radiation Frequency of Gyrotron by GaAs Schottky Barrier Diodes Coupled with Thin-Film Slot Antenna
Authors: Hayashi Kosuke , Furuya Takashi , Tachiki Takashi , Uchida Takashi , Idehara Toshitaka , Yasuoka Yoshizumi
Published: March 2010

Thin-film slot-antenna-coupled GaAs Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) used at the 180 GHz band were fabricated by microfabrication techniques, and the radiation frequency of a gyrotron at the University of Fukui (Gyrotron FU CW IV) was measured. In second-harmonic mixing using a local oscillator (LO) wave of 88.0899 GHz, an intermediate frequency (IF) signal of 102.8 MHz was observed and the radiation frequency of the gyrotron was found to be 176.077 GHz.
Quasi-Two-Dimensional Network Structures Formed by Tin Oxide Nanoparticles at Air/Solid interfaces
Authors: Wakabayashi Atsumi , Ogawa Tomohiro , Yamamoto Takao , Dobashi Toshiaki
Published: March 2010

We study the microstructure of a recently developed composite film [A. Wakabayashiet al.: Langmuir 22 (2006) 9260] by field emission scanning electron microscopy and by applying the box-counting method to the obtained microscope images. The fractal analysis of the images revealed that a fractal network structure consisting of antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles was formed on the film surface. The identified microstructure is consistent with the resistivity behavior of a film with a low critical concentration for percolation.
Color Sensitivity of Thin-Film Phototransistor Using Polycrystalline-Silicon Film with p/i/n Structure
Authors: Miura Yuta , Ogura Takeshi , Hachida Tomohisa , Nishizaki Yoshitaka , Yamashita Takehiko , Shima Takehiro , Kimura Mutsumi
Published: March 2010

The color sensitivity of a thin-film phototransistor using a polycrystalline-silicon film with a p/i/n structure has been evaluated. First, the illuminance and voltage dependences of the detected current for white, red, green, and blue light are measured. It is found that the photoinduced current is proportional to the illuminance and that the detected current is slightly dependent on the applied voltage. Next, the conversion efficiencies from the colored light to the photoinduced current are calculated. It is found that the illuminance efficiency is considerably different for the different colors, whereas the quantum efficiency is similar for the different colors. The quantum efficiency is on the order of 0.1 but lower for the red light and higher for the blue light. This suggests that the electron–hole pairs generated by the red light have lower energy and tend to be recombined and disappear, whereas those generated by the blue light have higher energy and tend to be separated and contribute to the photoinduced current. The color sensitivity must be considered when the thin-film phototransistor is used in actual photosensor applications.
DC–DC Converters Using Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors for Mobile Display Applications
Authors: Hong Seok-Ha , Yang Ik-Seok , Kang Jin-Seong , Hwang Tong-Hun , Kwon Oh-Kyong , Byun Choon-Won , Cheong Woo-Seok , Hwang Chi-Sun , Cho Kyong-Ik
Published: March 2010

DC–DC converters integrated into a panel are proposed for mobile display applications using indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs). The proposed positive DC–DC converter uses cross-coupled and diode-connected structures for a high output voltage and a high power efficiency, while the proposed negative DC–DC converter uses also a cross-coupled structure but with separated pumping capacitors for a negative output voltage and a high power efficiency. The simulated results show that the output voltage and power efficiency are 21.3 V and 69.5% for the positive DC–DC converter and -5.1 V and 56.1% for the negative DC–DC converter, respectively, at a supply voltage of 10 V and a load current of 250 µA. The measured results show that the output voltage and power efficiency of the proposed positive DC–DC converter are 20.8 V and 66.6%, respectively, under the same conditions as those for the simulated results.
Clinical Implications of Traumatic Stress from Birth to Age Five
Authors: Chu Ann T. , Lieberman Alicia F.
Published: March 2010

Children aged birth to five years are exposed to a disproportionately increased amount of potentially traumatic events compared to older children. This review examines the prevalence of traumatic exposure in the birth-to-five age range, the indicators and diagnostic criteria of early traumatic stress, and the contextual issues associated with the experience of early trauma. The article also selectively reviews the impact of trauma on the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive functioning of young children's development along with some promising clinical treatment and service interventions that target the parent-child relationship as a vehicle of trauma recovery. Despite extensive documentation of the negative impact of trauma on the normal development of young children, research, clinical, and policy efforts to address the psychological repercussions of early victimization remain remarkably limited. Future directions in research and clinical practice as well as implications for policy are discussed.
Self-Injury
Authors: Nock Matthew K.
Published: March 2010

People have engaged in self-injury—defined as direct and deliberate bodily harm in the absence of suicidal intent—for thousands of years; however, systematic research on this behavior has been lacking. Recent theoretical and empirical work on self-injury has significantly advanced the understanding of this perplexing behavior. Self-injury is most prevalent among adolescents and young adults, typically involves cutting or carving the skin, and has a consistent presentation cross-nationally. Behavioral, physiological, and self-report data suggest that the behavior serves both an intrapersonal function (i.e., decreases aversive affective/cognitive states or increases desired states) and an interpersonal function (i.e., increases social support or removes undesired social demands). There currently are no evidence-based psychological or pharmacological treatments for self-injury. This review presents an integrated theoretical model of the development and maintenance of self-injury that synthesizes prior empirical findings and proposes several testable hypotheses for future research.
Measurement of Functional Capacity: A New Approach to Understanding Functional Differences and Real-World Behavioral Adaptation in Those with Mental Illness
Authors: Patterson Thomas L. , Mausbach Brent T.
Published: March 2010

The measurement of functional capacity in mental illness is an important recent development. Determination of functional capacity may serve as a surrogate marker for real-world functioning, thereby aiding clinicians in making important treatment determinations. This article provides an overview of a model of functioning, discusses the various areas of functioning relevant to real-world performance in persons with mental illness, and reviews existing measures that assess functional capacity. Limitations of existing methods of assessing functional capacity are discussed, and future areas of research are suggested.
Group-Based Trajectory Modeling in Clinical Research
Authors: Nagin Daniel S. , Odgers Candice L.
Published: March 2010

Group-based trajectory models are increasingly being applied in clinical research to map the developmental course of symptoms and assess heterogeneity in response to clinical interventions. In this review, we provide a nontechnical overview of group-based trajectory and growth mixture modeling alongside a sampling of how these models have been applied in clinical research. We discuss the challenges associated with the application of both types of group-based models and propose a set of preliminary guidelines for applied researchers to follow when reporting model results. Future directions in group-based modeling applications are discussed, including the use of trajectory models to facilitate causal inference when random assignment to treatment condition is not possible.
Implicit Cognition and Addiction: A Tool for Explaining Paradoxical Behavior
Authors: Stacy Alan W. , Wiers Reinout W.
Published: March 2010

Research on implicit cognition and addiction has expanded greatly during the past decade. This research area provides new ways to understand why people engage in behaviors that they know are harmful or counterproductive in the long run. Implicit cognition takes a different view from traditional cognitive approaches to addiction by assuming that behavior is often not a result of a reflective decision that takes into account the pros and cons known by the individual. Instead of a cognitive algebra integrating many cognitions relevant to choice, implicit cognition assumes that the influential cognitions are the ones that are spontaneously activated during critical decision points. This selective review highlights many of the consistent findings supporting predictive effects of implicit cognition on substance use and abuse in adolescents and adults; reveals a recent integration with dual-process models; outlines the rapid evolution of different measurement tools; and introduces new routes for intervention.
Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery is associated with fewer gene expression changes in the human myocardium in comparison with on-pump surgery
Authors: Ghorbel Mohamed T. , Cherif Myriam , Mokhtari Amir , Bruno Vito Domenico , Caputo Massimo , Angelini Gianni D.
Published: March 2010

Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery reduces the myocardial injury associated with on pump surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and ischemic-cardioplegic arrest (CA). We sought to find a mechanistic explanation for this by comparing the transcriptomic changes in the myocardium of patients undergoing on- and off-pump surgery. Transcriptomic analyses were performed on left ventricular biopsies obtained from patients prior to (pre-op) and after completion of all coronary anastomoses (post-op). Microarray results were validated with real-time polymerase chain reaction. In on-pump group, 68 genes were upregulated in post-op vs. pre-op biopsies ( P < 0.01, ≥2-fold). They included inflammatory genes CCL3 and CCL4, apoptotic gene GADD45B and prostaglandin synthesis gene PTGS2 ( COX-2). In the off-pump group, 17 genes were upregulated in post-op vs. pre-op biopsies ( P < 0.01, ≥2-fold), all shared with on-pump patients. To uncover the genes implicated in CPB and ischemic-CA response, we compared the postoperative gene profiles of the two groups. Thirty-eight genes were upregulated in the on-pump vs. off-pump patients ( P < 0.01, ≥2-fold). On-pump surgery induces injury-related response, as demonstrated by the upregulation of apoptosis and remodeling markers, whereas off-pump surgery ameliorates that by mainly upregulating a cytoprotective genetic program. Blood levels of the identified cytokines and chemokines followed the same pattern obtained by transcriptomics, suggesting that the myocardium is a likely source for these proteomic changes. In conclusion, off-pump surgery is associated with fewer alterations in gene expression connected with inflammation, apoptosis, and remodeling seen after on-pump surgery with CPB and ischemic-CA.
Performance Improvement of Axial Compressors and Fans with Plasma Actuation
Authors: Lemire Sebastien , Vo Huu Duc , Benner Michael W.
Published: March 2010

This paper proposes the use of plasma actuator to suppress boundary layer separation on a compressor blade suction side to increase axial compressor performance. Plasma actuators are a new type of electrical flow control device that imparts momentum to the air when submitted to a high AC voltage at high frequency. The concept presented in this paper consists in the positioning of a plasma actuator near the separation point on a compressor rotor suction side to increase flow turning. In this computational study, three parameters have been studied to evaluate the effectiveness of plasma actuator: actuator strength, position and actuation method (steady versus unsteady). Results show that plasma actuator operated in steady mode can increase the pressure ratio, efficiency, and power imparted by the rotor to the air and that the pressure ratio, efficiency and rotor power increase almost linearly with actuator strength. On the other hand, the actuator′s position has limited effect on the performance increase. Finally, the results from unsteady simulations show a limited performance increase but are not fully conclusive, due possibly to the chosen pulsing frequencies of the actuator and/or to limitations of the CFD code.
Reduced Voltage Scaling in Clock Distribution Networks
Authors: Mohammad Khader , Dodin Ayman , Liu Bao , Agaian Sos
Published: March 2010

We propose a novel circuit technique to generate a reduced voltage swing (RVS) signals for active power reduction on main buses and clocks. This is achieved without performance degradation, without extra power supply requirement, and with minimum area overhead. The technique stops the discharge path on the net that is swinging low at a certain voltage value. It reduces active power on the target net by as much as 33% compared to traditional full swing signaling. The logic 0 voltage value is programmable through control bits. If desired, the reduced-swing mode can also be disabled. The approach assumes that the logic 0 voltage value is always less than the threshold voltage of the nMOS receivers, which eliminate the need of the low to high voltage translation. The reduced noise margin and the increased leakage on the receiver transistors using this approach have been addressed through the selective usage of multithreshold voltage (MTV) devices and the programmability of the low voltage value.
Analysis of SeveralPLA2mRNA in Human Meningiomas
Authors: Denizot Yves , De Armas Rafael , Durand Karine , Robert Sandrine , Moreau Jean-Jacques , Caire François , Weinbreck Nicolas , Labrousse François
Published: March 2010

In view of the important oncogenic action of phospholipaseA2(PLA2)we investigatedPLA2transcripts in human meningiomas. Real-time PCR was used to investigatePLA2transcripts in 26 human meningioma tumors. Results indicated that threeCa2+-dependent high molecular weightPLA2(PLA2-IVA,PLA2-IVB,PLA2-IVC), oneCa2+-independent high molecular weightPLA2(PLA2-VI) and five low molecular weight secreted forms ofPLA2(PLA2-IB,PLA2-IIA,PLA2-III,PLA2-V, andPLA2-XII) are expressed withPLA2-IVA,PLA2-IVB,PLA2-VI, andPLA2-XIIA as the major expressed forms.PLA2-IIE,PLA2-IIF,PLA2-IVD, andPLA2-XIIB are not detected. Plasma (PLA2-VIIA) and intracellular (PLA2-VIIB) platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase transcripts are expressed in human meningiomas. However no difference was found forPLA2transcript amounts in relation to the tumor grade, the subtype of meningiomas, the presence of inflammatory infiltrated cells, of an associated edema, mitosis, brain invasion, vascularisation or necrosis. In conclusion numerous genes encoding multiples forms ofPLA2are expressed in meningiomas where they might act on the phospholipid remodeling and on the local eicosanoid and/or cytokine networks.
A Combination of Systemic and Intracranial Anti-CD25 Immunotherapy Elicits a Long-Time Survival in Murine Model of Glioma
Authors: Poirier Marie-Denise , Haban Houda , El Andaloussi Abdeljabar
Published: March 2010

Abrogating the suppression of glioma-infiltrating Tregs in the periphery and the central nervous system is essential to successful glioma rejection. We sought to improve the immune response in glioma-bearing mice, by investigating new strategies using the anti-CD25 immunotherapy. We found a complete long-term survival of glioma-bearing mice treated with a combination of systemic and intracranial anti-CD25 mAb immunotherapy as compared to systemic administration of anti-CD25 mAb. In addition, the group of mice that had been cured by the combined anti-CD25 mAb showed long-term survival without late tumor relapse when challenged with the GL261 glioma. The antitumor immune response was investigated by analysis of antitumor immune response (CTL). Results showed that the use of the combined injections of anti-CD25 mAb induced efficient targeting of Tregs expansion inside and outside of the brain and altered Tregs trafficking in the bone marrow and brain areas where antitumor immunity was primed.
Hydrodynamic Cavitation-Assisted Synthesis of Nanocalcite
Authors: Sonawane Shirish H. , Gumfekar Sarang P. , Kate Kunal H. , Meshram Satish P. , Kunte Kshitij J. , Ramjee Laxminarayan , Mahajan Candrashekhar M. , Parande Madan G. , Ashokkumar Muthupandian
Published: March 2010

A systematic study was made on the synthesis of nanocalcite using a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. The effects of various parameters such as diameter and geometry of orifice,CO2flow rate, andCa(OH)2concentration were investigated. It was observed that the orifice diameter and its geometry had significant effect on the carbonation process. The reaction rate was significantly faster than that observed in a conventional carbonation process. The particle size was significantly affected by the reactor geometry. The results showed that an orifice with 5 holes of 1 mm size resulted in the particle size reduction to 37 nm. The experimental investigation reveals that hydrodynamic cavitation may be more energy efficient.
Automated Detection of Short Optical Transients of Astrophysical Origin in Real Time
Authors: Sokołowski Marcin , Małek Katarzyna , Piotrowski Lech W. , Wrochna Grzegorz
Published: March 2010

The detection of short optical transients of astrophysical origin in real time is an important task for existing robotic telescopes. The faster a new optical transient is detected, the earlier follow‐up observations can be started. The sooner the object is identified, the more data can be collected before the source fades away, particularly in the most interesting early period of the transient. In this the real‐time pipeline designed for identification of optical flashes with the “Pi of the Sky” project will be presented in detail together with solutions used by other experiments.
Black-Scholes Fuzzy Numbers as Indexes of Performance
Authors: Simonelli M. R.
Published: March 2010

We use the set of propositions of some previous papers to define a fuzzy version of the Black-Scholes value where the risk free instantaneous interest intensity, the volatility and the initial stock price are fuzzy numbers whose parameters are built with statistical financial data. With our Black-Scholes fuzzy numbers we define indexes of performance varing in time. As an example, with data of the Italian Stock Exchange on MIB30, we see that in 2004 and 2006 our indexes are negative, that is, they are indexes of the refuse to invest and this refuse increased. So, on November 11, 2006 we could forecast that the market will become with more risk: the risk of loss will increase. Now, on January 25, 2010, we know that this forecast has happened. Obviously, the parameters of our Black-Scholes fuzzy numbers can be valued also with incomplete, possibilistic data. With respect to the probabilistic one, our fuzzy method is more simple and immediate to have a forecast on the financial market.
Formation of Au/Pd Alloy Nanoparticles on TMV
Authors: Lim Jung-Sun , Kim Seung-Min , Lee Sang-Yup , Stach Eric A. , Culver James N. , Harris Michael T.
Published: March 2010

A gold‐palladium (AuPd) solid solution alloy was successfully deposited on the genetically engineered tobacco mosaic virus (TMV1Cys) by the biosorption of Au(III) and Pd(II) precursors and the reduction of the Au(III) and Pd(II) to their respective metals or metal alloy. The resulting morphologies of alloy nanoparticles deposited on the TMV1Cys were observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the AuPd alloy formation was supported with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). In addition, selected alloy nanoparticles on the TMV1Cys were analyzed further with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to confirm the presence of gold and palladium. Our result implies that biotemplated metal mineralization is a potentially useful methodology to prepare alloy nanoparticles.
Dental and Craniofacial Anomalies Associated with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome with PITX2 Mutation
Authors: Dressler Simone , Meyer-Marcotty Philipp , Weisschuh Nicole , Jablonski-Momeni Anahita , Pieper Klaus , Gramer Gwendolyn , Gramer Eugen
Published: March 2010

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) (OMIM Nr.: 180500) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder (1  :  200000) with genetic and morphologic variability. Glaucoma is associated in 50% of the patients. Craniofacial and dental anomalies are frequently reported with ARS. The present study was designed as a multidisciplinary analysis of orthodontic, ophthalmologic, and genotypical features. A three-generation pedigree was ascertained through a family with ARS. Clinically, radiographic and genetic analyses were performed. Despite an identical genotype in all patients, the phenotype varies in expressivity of craniofacial and dental morphology. Screening for PITX2 and FOXC1 mutations by direct DNA-sequencing revealed a P64L missense mutation in PITX2 in all family members, supporting earlier reports that PITX2 is an essential factor in morphogenesis of teeth and craniofacial skeleton. Despite the fact that the family members had identical mutations, morphologic differences were evident. The concomitant occurrence of rare dental and craniofacial anomalies may be early diagnostic indications of ARS. Early detection of ARS and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) helps to prevent visual field loss.
Response to Hydralazine-Valproate in a Patient with Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Dueñas-Gonzalez Alfonso , Vega Maria Teresa , Martinez-Baños Déborah , García-Hidalgo Linda , Sobrevilla Pedro
Published: March 2010

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown significant activity in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). The epigenetic alterations of CTCL not only are limited to altered histone acetylation but also include aberrant DNA gene methylation hence, the combination of an HDAC inhibitor with a DNA demethylating agent is a promising therapy to be tested. Here we report a mycosis fungoides patient having a dramatic response to hydralazine and valproate, two repositioned drugs as HDAC and DNA methylation inhibitors, respectively.
Management of Fetal Bronchogenic Lung Cysts: A Case Report and Short Review of Literature
Authors: Bayar Ülkü Özmen , Numanoğlu Varîm , Bektaş Sibel , Sade Hakan , Tatlî Duygu
Published: March 2010

Congenital malformations of the lung (CML) are rare with similar embryological and clinical spectra and could result in mortality if left untreated. Bronchogenic cysts are formed during the budding of the tracheal diverticula and ventral foregut in the embryological period. In this paper we want to present a case of bronchogenic cyst with continuous intrauterine cyst aspiration follow-up. After the baby birth was operated and the postoperative period was uneventful. The pathological examination revealed a bronchogenic cyst.
Titin Diversity—Alternative Splicing Gone Wild
Authors: Guo Wei , Bharmal Sheila J. , Esbona Karla , Greaser Marion L.
Published: March 2010

Titin is an extremely large protein found in highest concentrations in heart and skeletal muscle. The single mammalian gene is expressed in multiple isoforms as a result of alternative splicing. Although titin isoform expression is controlled developmentally and in a tissue specific manner, the vast number of potential splicing pathways far exceeds those described in any other alternatively spliced gene. Over 1 million human splice pathways for a single individual can be potentially derived from the PEVK region alone. A new splicing pattern for the human cardiac N2BA isoform type has been found in which the PEVK region includes only the N2B type exons. The alterations in splicing and titin isoform expression in human heart disease provide impetus for future detailed study of the splicing mechanisms for this giant protein.
Convergence of an Online Split‐Complex Gradient Algorithm for Complex‐Valued Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Huisheng , Xu Dongpo , Wang Zhiping
Published: March 2010

The online gradient method has been widely used in training neural networks. We consider in this paper an online split‐complex gradient algorithm for complex‐valued neural networks. We choose an adaptive learning rate during the training procedure. Under certain conditions, by firstly showing the monotonicity of the error function, it is proved that the gradient of the error function tends to zero and the weight sequence tends to a fixed point. A numerical example is given to support the theoretical findings.
The Foundations of Probability with Black Swans
Authors: Chichilnisky Graciela
Published: March 2010

We extend the foundation of probability in samples with rare
events that are potentially catastrophic, called black swans, such as natural
hazards, market crashes, catastrophic climate change, and species extinction. Such events are generally treated as ‘‘outliers’’
and disregarded. We propose a new axiomatization of probability requiring equal treatment in the measurement of rare and frequent events—the Swan Axiom—and characterize the subjective probabilities that the axioms imply: these are neither finitely additive nor countably additive
but a combination of both. They exclude countably additive probabilities
as in De Groot (1970) and Arrow (1971) and are a strict subset of
Savage (1954) probabilities that are finitely additive measures. Our subjective
probabilities are standard distributions when the sample has no
black swans. The finitely additive part assigns however more weight to
rare events than do standard distributions and in that sense explains the
persistent observation of ‘‘power laws’’ and ‘‘heavy tails’’ that eludes classic theory. The axioms extend earlier work by Chichilnisky (1996, 2000, 2002, 2009) to
encompass the foundation of subjective probability and axiomatic treatments
of subjective probability by Villegas (1964), De Groot (1963), Dubins and Savage (1965), Dubins
(1975) Purves and Sudderth (1976) and of choice under uncertainty by Arrow (1971).
Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Young Female with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Yildiz Ahmet , Coskun Ugur , Batukan Ozlem Esen , Keskin Kudret
Published: March 2010

A 23-year-old female with the diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was admitted to our hospital with severe chest pain. The electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed acute anterior myocardial infarction. She underwent an immediate cardiac catheterization. An occluded left anterior descending (LAD) was detected by coronary angiography. Reperfusion was performed successfully by angioplasty and stenting with optimal distal flow without any complications. In this report we discussed the management strategies of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a patient with ITP.
Analysis of a Nonautonomous Delayed Predator‐Prey System with a Stage Structure for the Predator in a Polluted Environment
Authors: Samanta G. P.
Published: March 2010

A two‐species nonautonomous Lotka‐Volterra type model with diffusional migration among the immature predator population, constant delay among the matured predators, and toxicant effect on the immature predators in a nonprotective patch is proposed. The scale of the protective zone among the immature predator population can be regulated through diffusive coefficients Di(t), i = 1, 2. It is proved that this system is uniformly persistent (permanence) under appropriate
conditions. Sufficient conditions are derived to confirm that if this system admits a
positive periodic solution, then it is globally asymptotically stable.
Integral BVPs for a Class of First‐Order Impulsive Functional Differential Equations
Authors: He Xiaofei , Xie Jingli , Chen Guoping , Shen Jianhua
Published: March 2010

The methods of lower and upper solutions and monotone iterative technique are employed to the study of integral boundary value problems for a class of first‐order impulsive functional differential equations. Sufficient conditions
are obtained for the existence of extreme solutions.
Echinococcus multilocularisand Its Intermediate Host: A Model of Parasite-Host Interplay
Authors: Vuitton Dominique Angèle , Gottstein Bruno
Published: March 2010

Host-parasite interactions in theE. multilocularis-intermediate host model depend on a subtle balance between cellular immunity, which is responsible for host's resistance towards the metacestode, the larval stage of the parasite, and tolerance induction and maintenance. The pathological features of alveolar echinococcosis. the disease caused byE. multilocularis, are related both to parasitic growth and to host's immune response, leading to fibrosis and necrosis, The disease spectrum is clearly dependent on the genetic background of the host as well as on acquired disturbances of Th1-related immunity. The laminated layer of the metacestode, and especially its carbohydrate components, plays a major role in tolerance induction. Th2-type and anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, as well as nitric oxide, are involved in the maintenance of tolerance and partial inhibition of cytotoxic mechanisms. Results of studies in the experimental mouse model and in patients suggest that immune modulation with cytokines, such as interferon-α, or with specific antigens could be used in the future to treat patients with alveolar echinococcosis and/or to prevent this very severe parasitic disease.
The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane: A Model of Molecular, Structural, and Functional Adaptation to Transepithelial Ion Transport and Barrier Function during Embryonic Development
Authors: Gabrielli Maria Gabriella , Accili Daniela
Published: March 2010

The chick chorioallantoic membrane is a very simple extraembryonic membrane which serves multiple functions during embryo development; it is the site of exchange of respiratory gases, calcium transport from the eggshell, acid-base homeostasis in the embryo, and ion andH2O reabsorption from the allantoic fluid. All these functions are accomplished by its epithelia, the chorionic and the allantoic epithelium, by differentiation of a wide range of structural and molecular peculiarities which make them highly specialized, ion transporting epithelia. Studying the different aspects of such a developmental strategy emphasizes the functional potential of the epithelium and offers an excellent model system to gain insights into questions partly still unresolved.
Multiple Antitumor Mechanisms Downstream of Prophylactic Regulatory T-Cell Depletion
Authors: Teng Michele W.L. , Swann Jeremy B. , von Scheidt Bianca , Sharkey Janelle , Zerafa Nadeen , McLaughlin Nicole , Yamaguchi Tomoyuki , Sakaguchi Shimon , Darcy Phillip K. , Smyth Mark J.
Published: March 2010

Several reports have shown that prophylactic depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg) using various monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in mice can stimulate potent antitumor immune responses and prevent tumor development. These same depletion methods do not significantly suppress tumor growth in a therapeutic setting. Although different strategies to deplete FoxP3+ Treg have been used, no study has systematically compared these qualitatively for the effector mechanisms they each liberate. Herein, using prophylactic depletion of FoxP3+ Tregs with either anti-CD4, anti-CD25, or anti-FR4 mAbs, we have compared the cellular and effector requirements for elimination of the renal carcinoma RENCA and prevention of methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma. Collectively from these two models, it was clear that CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells played an important role downstream of Treg depletion. However, whereas all three mAbs quantitatively depleted FoxP3+ T cells to a similar extent, subtle differences in the downstream mechanisms of tumor control existed for all three approaches. In general, neutralization of any lymphocyte subset or effector mechanism was insufficient to alter tumor suppression initiated by Treg depletion, and in some settings, the neutralization of multiple effector mechanisms failed to prevent tumor rejection. These studies reveal that Tregs control multiple redundant elements of the immune effector response capable of inhibiting tumor initiation and underscore the importance of effectively targeting these cells in any cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2665–74
PTPH1 Dephosphorylates and Cooperates with p38γ MAPK to Increase Ras Oncogenesis through PDZ-Mediated Interaction
Authors: Hou Song-Wang , Zhi Hui-Ying , Pohl Nicole , Loesch Mathew , Qi Xiao-Mei , Li Rong-Shan , Basir Zainab , Chen Guan
Published: March 2010

Protein phosphatases are believed to coordinate with kinases to execute biological functions, but examples of such integrated activities, however, are still missing. In this report, we have identified protein tyrosine phosphatase H1 (PTPH1) as a specific phosphatase for p38γ mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and shown their cooperative oncogenic activity through direct binding. p38γ, a Ras effector known to act independent of its phosphorylation, was first shown to require its unique PDZ-binding motif to increase Ras transformation. Yeast two-hybrid screening and in vitro and in vivo analyses further identified PTPH1 as a specific p38γ phosphatase through PDZ-mediated binding. Additional experiments showed that PTPH1 itself plays a role in Ras-dependent malignant growth in vitro and/or in mice by a mechanism depending on its p38γ-binding activity. Moreover, Ras increases both p38γ and PTPH1 protein expression and there is a coupling of increased p38γ and PTPH1 protein expression in primary colon cancer tissues. These results reveal a coordinative oncogenic activity of a MAPK with its specific phosphatase and suggest that PDZ-mediated p38γ/PTPH1 complex may be a novel target for Ras-dependent malignancies. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2901–10