bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is technically complicated partial nephrectomy justified in renal cell carcinoma patients with normal contralateral kidney?
Authors: Volkova M. I. , Ridin V. A. , Cherniayev V. A. , Klimov A. V. , Figurin K. M. , Kirichek A. A. , Matveev V. B.
Published: January 2020

Objective: to compare the results of partial (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN) in patients with renal parenchymal tumors with nephrometric PADUA index ≥8 and/or RENAL index ≥7 and functioning contralateral kidney.

Materials and methods. Medical data of 114 consecutive patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cT1–3aN0M0 and functioning contralateral kidney were included into the study: 57 (50.0 %) persons undergone PN for tumors with nephrometric PADUA index ≥8 and/or RENAL index ≥7 (the main group), and 57 (50.0 %) patients undergone RN (the control group). The groups were comparable with regards to demographic characteristics, nephrometric parameters, morphological tumor features, and baseline glomerular filtration rate (р >0.05 for all). Median follow-up – 52.0 ± 23.6 (9.1–138.5) months.

Results. Technically complicated PNs were associated with an increase of median surgery time (by 39 min, р = 0.06), blood loss (by 319 ml, p within the groups. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression rate was significantly higher in RN than in PN group (40 % vs 31.6 % respectively, р = 0.050), including more frequent development of CKD stages III–IV (31.6 % vs 26.3 % respectively; р = 0.034). There was no difference of long-term survival between PN and RN groups, and that included survival results stratified according to gender, age, baseline CKD stage, PADUA and RENAL indexes. Five-year recurrence-free survival was 94.1 % vs 92.2 % (р = 0.223), cancer-specific survival – 92.3 % vs 90.8 % (р = 0.443), cardio-specific survival – 91.6 % vs 77.9 % (р = 0.549), overall survival – 89.8 % vs 70.7 % respectively (р = 0.858).

Conclusion. PN is effective and safe method of treatment in patients with renal parenchymal tumors with PADUA index ≥8 and/or RENAL index ≥7 and functioning contralateral kidney, providing significant functional benefit without survival compromising when compared with RN.
Prostate volume as an independent predictor of results robot-assisted prostatectomy
Authors: Zyryanov A. V. , Surikov A. S. , Ponomarev A. V. , Keln A. A. , Znobishchev V. G.
Published: January 2020

Background. The presence of benign hyperplastic tissue does not exclude the malignant process within one prostate gland. According to various sources, almost 40 % of patients with prostate hyperplasia can be diagnosed of prostate cancer. The large adenoma seriously complicates of radical surgery, which in this group patients, is perhaps, the only effective method of treatment. The effect of prostate volume on the main criteria the effectiveness of treatment is ambiguous. Robotic technologies, introduced into clinical practice, may have the advantages of this complicated group of patients.

Materials and methods. Study group (1st group): 40 patients with prostate volume ≥80cm3 (9.4 %) over the period December 2014. to December 2018. were performed robot-assisted radiсal prostatectomy. The comparison group included 54 patients with prostate volume <80 см3. The average prostate volume in 1st group was 112.2 ± 26 (80–195) cm3, in the 2nd group – 38 ± 11.2 (17–62) cm3 (p <0.001). The 1st group consists of older patients with a higher level of prostate-specific antigen (p <0.001).

Results. The difference in the operation time was 18.2 min, which was statistically insignificant (p >0.05). The average volume of blood loss in the 1st group was 282.5 ± 227.5 (50–1000) ml, with 175 ± 147.2 (50–700 ml) ml in the 2nd group (р >0,02). After 12 months, 100 % of patients in the 1st group showed no relapse (prostate-specific antigen ≤0.2 ng/ml). The level of continental function was comparable of the monitoring group.

Conclusion. When performing robot-assisted prostatectomy increased prostate size has no effect on operating time, but significantly increases of the blood loss. The size of the prostate may serve as an important variable to predict the functional and oncological results of treatment.
Alpha-therapy using radium-223 chloride in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. From clinical researches to routine practice
Authors: Nyushko K. M. , Alekseev B. Ya. , Krylov V. V. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: January 2020

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has a very negative prognosis. The average life expectancy even using modern treatment methods is 1.5–2 years. When the majority of CRPC patients show signs of resistance to therapy aimed at lowering testosterone levels, distant metastases are often determined in the bones. Bone metastases in CRPC patients often worsen life quality due to pain and risk of bone complications, such as pathological fractures and spinal cord compression. Not all treatment regimens to increase their life expectancy patients are effective. Radiopharmacy using alpha-emitting radium-223 chloride is not only one of the methods of palliative treatment, but also one of the most promising therapies that increase life expectancy of these heavy patients. Results of large randomized trials showed that alpha-therapy with radium-223 chloride leads to a significant increase of the overall life expectancy, and significantly improve the patients’ life quality. The article presents literature review as well as the analysis of the results of large randomized trials, which assess the effectiveness of the therapy in CGRG patients, and a clinical case of its use in real clinical practice.
Organic mental disorders in children and adolescents with a history of blood cancer
Authors: Suetina O. A.
Published: January 2020

We performed clinical examination of 60 children and adolescents in remission followed up in Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. All patients were found to have complex organic disorders of varying severity, primarily induced by aggressive methods of treatment (such as polychemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy, and cranial irradiation).
ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE ZORBALIĞI VE SALDIRGANLIĞI AÇIKLAMADA BAŞA ÇIKMA STRATEJİLERİNİN ROLÜ
Authors: Bedel Ahmet , Güler Gökhan
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin başa
çıkma stratejileri, zorbalık ve saldırganlık puanlarının cinsiyete göre
farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemek, bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi
incelemek ayrıca başa çıkma stratejilerinin zorbalığı ve saldırganlık puanlarını
açıklamada anlamlı bir yeri olup olmadığını belirlemektir.
Bu
amaçla, 419 ortaokul öğrencisine Başa Çıkma Stratejileri Ölçeği, Zorbalık Ölçeği
ve Saldırganlık Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın istatistiksel analizlerinde,
bağımsız t testi, pearson
momentler çarpım korelâsyonu ve regresyon analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır.
Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, erkek ve
kız öğrenciler arasında alt boyutların puan ortalamalarında anlamlı farklılığın
olmadığı, Başa Çıkma
Envanterinin aktif başa çıkma boyutu ile saldırganlık arasında orta düzeyde
negatif, olumsuz başa çıkma boyutu ile zorba, kurban ve saldırganlık puanları
arasında orta düzeyde pozitif ilişkinin olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, zorba,
kurban ve saldırganlık puanlarının en güçlü yordayıcısının olumsuz başa çıkma
stratejisi olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bilgiler ışığında, öğrencilerin yapıcı ve
işlevsel başa çıkma stratejilerini arttırmaya yönelik yapılması planlanan
rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinde bireysel ve grup rehberliği
etkinliklerine yer verilmesinin önemine vurgu yapılarak tartışılmış ve bu
konuda yapılacak sonraki araştırmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Вновь о принципах эволюции
Authors: Ильин Михаил
Published: January 2020

В настоящей статье развиваются три важнейших тезиса опубликованной ранее статьи автора (Существуют ли общие принципы эволюции? – Полис. Политические исследования. 2009. № 2. С. 186-189). Формулируются дополняющие и исправляющие их новые девять тезисов. Первый интерпретирует внутреннюю форму эволюции как раскручивание. Второй касается движущей силы эволюции, которая создается “неполнотой природы” (Терренс Дикон), отсутствием того, что могло бы существовать: порядка в хаосе, жизни в косном космосе, разума в биосфере и т.п. В третьем тезисе связь между условиями и результатами развития характеризуется в терминах Дикона как предназначение (ententionality) и преднамеренность (intentionality). Четвертый тезис трактует связь термодинамической и информационной энтропий, а также аналогичных негэнтропий. Пятый обсуждает внешнее и внутреннее вещей (Тейяр де Шарден), сворачивание (folding) и разворачивание. Шестой отталкивается от моделей тюринговского морфогенеза и квантового автомата Альберта, выделяет последовательные стадии морфогенеза от автоколебательных реакций и зарождения жизни до антропо- и социогенеза за счет чередования фаз экстериоризации и интериоризации, ведущих к возникновению все новых форм и их типов. Седьмой тезис касается градуализма (gradualism) и пунктуализма (punctuated equilibrium). Он развертывает схему третьего тезиса статьи 2009 г. в набор пересекающихся моделей симбиоза эволюционных форм. В восьмом тезисе рассматривают возможности эпигенетики, интерпретируется развертывания, разветвления и многомерность эволюции. Девятый затрагивает кризисы и “бутылочные горлышки” (bottlenecks) эволюции.
“Массовая наука” на конференции ЕPSA: опыт включенного наблюдения
Authors: Казаринова Дарья
Published: January 2020

Крупные международные научные мероприятия имеют свою специфику по идейному наполнению и методическому инструментарию, способам организации и сложившимся академическим традициям. Специфика ежегодных конференций Европейской ассоциации политической науки – в подавляющем доминировании количественных исследований и выраженном акценте на методологию исследований: метод обработки естественного языка, “разность разностей”. Анализ программы конференции заставил задуматься о развитии отечественной и зарубежной политологии, сопровождающемся тенденциями массовизации образования, а вслед за ним и социальных наук, под влиянием принципа “публикуйся или умри”. В конференции EPSA проявились такие постмодернистские общенаучные тенденции, как фрагментация научного знания и отсутствие “больших смыслов”, демократизм и нивелирование различий и статусов, юмор и ирония. Отмечается рост значимости внеакадемической программы мероприятия, посвященной проблемам многообразия. В фокусе внимания оказалась также российская тематика в политических исследованиях ученых из США и Европы, которая сводится к крайне редуцированному спектру проблем – в основном к критике российского политического режима и изучению роли новых медиа в протестной мобилизации масс.
Atención en salud basada en el valor: retos y oportunidades
Authors: Valencia-Mayer Catalina
Published: January 2020

La atención en salud basada en el valor es un modelo de atención innovador que está dirigido a garantizar mejores resultados en la salud de la población atendida y un uso óptimo de los recursos. Para su implementación se propone una serie de principios que se analizan en el presente documento, análisis en el que se tienen en cuenta las características fundamentales, la factibilidad, las posibles barreras y las oportunidades que pueda generar este modelo. Los principios revisados son: unidades integradas de atención, medición de resultados en salud y costos, plataformas tecnológicas, modelos de pago centrados en la generación de valor, sistemas/redes integradas de atención y expansión geográfica. Además, se incluyen la atención centrada en el paciente y el trabajo en equipo como componentes fundamentales de este modelo.
Uso de la simulación en la enseñanza de la patología quirúrgica
Authors: Jiménez-Tobón Guillermo Antonio , Jiménez-Tobón Harold Azmed , Hoyos Alejandro Vélez
Published: January 2020

La enseñanza médica en el pregrado ha sufrido múltiples reformas con el fin de ajustarla a los nuevos retos que plantea esta disciplina en la actualidad. La patología no es ajena a estos cambios, los cuales se han reflejado en la disminución del tiempo dedicado a su enseñanza; al respecto, se han generado diversas opiniones que van desde proponer su completa eliminación de los currículos hasta darle mayor énfasis. La simulación como técnica de enseñanza no es un concepto nuevo en medicina y para el campo de la patología es una oportunidad para optimizar el tiempo de docencia, generar más estudio independiente entre los estudiantes y estimular el aprendizaje en las nuevas generaciones. En esta revisión se mostrarán los diferentes trabajos de simulación realizados en esta área.
Ketamina para analgesia de la plexopatía lumbosacra secundaria a la reparación de un aneurisma de aorta abdominal
Authors: Moyano Jairo , Acosta Eduardo
Published: January 2020

Introducción. El dolor agudo posoperatorio luego de una cirugía abierta de reparación de un aneurisma de la aorta abdominal usualmente es de gran intensidad; adicionalmente, pueden presentarse complicaciones intraoperatorias que aumentan la nocicepción. Aunque los opioides son la base del tratamiento analgésico, su utilización está limitada por el riesgo de depresión respiratoria y su potencial de abuso. La ketamina es una opción que proporciona analgesia y disminuye la utilización de opioides.
Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de 62 años con aneurisma de la aorta abdominal a quien se le realizó reparación endovascular y por laparotomía. En el posoperatorio presentó embolismo distal con dolor severo que requirió explante de endoprótesis y revascularización. El dolor fue descrito como severo a insoportable, de tipo corrientazo e incidental y con alodinia plantar, disminución de la propiocepción y ausencia de pulsos; la electromiografía reportó polineuropatía axonal de expresión moderada a severa con compromiso asimétrico sugestivo de lesión del plexo.
Discusión. Se consideró isquemia bilateral de plexo lumbosacro y se adicionó ketamina en infusión (bolo=1 mg/kg más infusión 0.5 mg/kg/hora), con lo cual se obtuvo mejoría significativa sin efectos secundarios y disminución de la necesidad de opioides.
Conclusión. La analgesia multimodal con ketamina es útil para tratar el dolor posoperatorio en cirugía de reparación de aneurisma abdominal con reducción de las necesidades de opioides.
Regulation of protamine gene expression in an in vitro homologous system.
Authors: Jankowski J M , Cannon P D , Van der Hoorn F , Wasilewska L D , Wong N C , Dixon G H
Published: January 2020

An in vitro transcription system from the trout testis nuclei was developed to study trout protamine gene expression. The protamine promoter contains, among others, two regulatory elements: 1) a cAMP-responsive element or CRE element (TGACGTCA) which is present in position 5' to TATA box, and 2) GC box (CCGCCC) which is present in position 3' to TATA box. The removal of the CRE-binding protein by titration (by the addition of appropriate oligonucleotides to the incubation mixture) resulted in a decrease in transcription of the protamine gene. These results were confirmed by experiments in which the pure CRE-binding factor (TPBP1) was used, as well as by those where a stimulatory effect of cAMP on protamine promoter transcription was observed. On the other hand, addition of oligonucleotides containing the GC-box sequence enhanced the protamine gene transcription indicating that the protein (Sp1 like) which binds to this sequence acts as a repressor of protamine gene expression. These results confirm the previously proposed model which suggested that the GC box played a role in negative regulation of the protamine gene expression. Involvement of some other factors in this process was also discussed.
"Small is beautiful": major modifications in DNA structure or dynamics by small substituents or ligands.
Authors: Guschlbauer W
Published: January 2020

This short review assembles the contributions of the author's laboratory to the structural aspects of DNA. DNA was modified by small ligands and/or substituents. There are three aspects to this work: a) Protonation of guanosine and DNA and the formation of triple- and quadruple-strands of guanosine, its nucleotides, their polymers and DNA. b) Substitution of the 2'-position of deoxyribose by the most polar atom, fluorine: studies on 2'-deoxy-2'-fluro-nucleosides, -nucleotides and their polymers, studied both by structural and biological methods. c) The effect of introducing the methyl group in the large groove of DNA: NMR studies of oligonucleotides containing N6-methylated adenine residues, and enzymatic and molecular biology work on Dam methylase are reported.
Nucleotide probes of DNA polymerases.
Authors: Wright G E
Published: January 2020

The modified nucleotides, N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)dGTP and 2-(p-n-butylanilino) dATP and related compounds have been developed as inhibitor-probes of B family DNA polymerases. Synthetic approaches to these compounds are summarized. The nucleotides are potent, non-substrate inhibitors of DNA polymerase a. In contrast, they inhibit other members of the family with less potency but act as substrates for these enzymes. Modelling of the inhibitor: enzyme binding mechanism has been done based on the known structure of E. coli DNA polymerase I, and site-directed mutagenesis experiments to evaluate this mechanism are proposed.
Tyrosine and its catabolites: from disease to cancer.
Authors: Tanguay R M , Jorquera R , Poudrier J , St-Louis M
Published: January 2020

Hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HT I, McKusick 276,700) is a metabolic disease with a pattern of autosomal recessive inheritance. The disease is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme involved in the last step in the degradation of the amino acid tyrosine, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH). The result of this block is the accumulation of catabolites some of which have been proposed to be highly toxic due to their alkylating potential. In humans, hereditary tyrosinemia is often associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in young patients. The reasons for the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma are unknown but it has been suggested that it may be caused by accumulated metabolites such as fumarylacetoacetate (FAA) and maleylacetoacetate (MAA). The various mutational defects in the FAH gene are reviewed. The use of two mouse models of this disease to study the molecular basis of the pathologies associated with HT I are discussed. Finally, some preliminary data on the mutagenic potential of FAA and MAA in a gene reversal assay are presented.
Synthesis and application of novel nucleoside phosphonates and phosphoramidites modified at the base moiety.
Authors: Seela F , Chen Y , Melenewski A , Rosemeyer H , Wei C
Published: January 2020

The H-phosphonates and phosphoramidites of 2'-deoxyisoguanosine, 2'-deoxyisoinosine, 5-aza-7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine, and N1-methyl-2'-deoxyformycin A were prepared. The diphenylcarbamoyl group was chosen for the 2-O-protection of 2'-deoxyisoinosine and 2'-deoxyisoguanosine, and dimethylaminoalkylidene groups were used to block the amino function of the various monomers. The synthesis of isoguanine oligonucleotides was found to be much more efficient using the 2-O-protected building blocks compared to those without oxygen protection. Oligodeoxynucleotides containing 2'-deoxyisoguanosine and 2'-deoxycytidine form parallel duplex structures. The self-complementary duplex containing 5-aza-7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine and 2'-deoxycytidine forms a stable duplex in acidic solution (pH = 5.0) while it is destabilized under neutral conditions.
NAD-analogues as potential anticancer agents: conformational restrictions as basis for selectivity.
Authors: Pankiewicz K W , Zatorski A , Watanabe K A
Published: January 2020

Cofactor type inhibitors (NAD-analogues) of IMP-dehydrogenase (IMPDH) were synthesized and their application as potential anticancer agents are discussed. C-nucleoside isosteres of NAD, C-NAD and C-PAD, showed an effective competitive inhibition of IMPDH, C-NAD but not C-PAD caused extremely potent inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase. We also synthesized compounds in which nicotinamide riboside was replaced with tiazofurin (TAD-analogues) and the 2' and 3'-positions of adenosine part were fluorinated. The ribose ring of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroadenosine is in the C3'-endo conformation whereas 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine favors the C2'-endo sugar pucker. These derivatives are good inhibitors of IMPDH type II, the isoenzyme dominant in neoplastic cells. In contrast, all these analogues showed rather week inhibitory activity against alcohol dehydrogenase. Nicotinamide riboside derivatives in which the base and the sugar are linked through an oxygen or a methylene bridge were synthesized. NAD-analogues containing such conformationally restricted nicotinamide nucleoside moiety (syn or anti) are expected to be selective inhibitors of B-specific (IMPDH) or A-specific dehydrogenases, respectively.
Miscoding properties of isoguanine (2-oxoadenine) studied in an AMV reverse transcriptase in vitro system.
Authors: Bukowska A M , Kuśmierek J T
Published: January 2020

We have found that isoguanine (iG) can pair with thymine (iG.T) and the non-natural base, 5-methylisocytosine (iG.iCM) during template directed synthesis catalyzed by AMV reverse transcriptase. The ratio of these pairings is about 1:10, irrespectively which of the templates, poly(C,iG) or poly(I,iG) is used. This ratio corresponds to the ratio of 2-OH and 2-keto tautomers in monomer in aqueous solution and apparently it is not influenced by the template context. Our results indicate also that formation of the reverse transcriptase catalyzed base pairs between iG and A, G or C can occur only at a low frequency, comparable to the frequency, of mismatches of.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
The NTP phosphate donor in kinase reactions: is ATP a monopolist?
Authors: Shugar D
Published: January 2020

This brief overview describes some of the properties of various cellular phosphotransferase systems, with particular emphasis on nucleoside 5'-triphosphate (NTP)-dependent protein kinases and nucleoside kinases, for which it is widely and implicitly assumed that ATP is the intracellular phosphate donor. Numerous examples are presented, based on the in vitro properties of these enzymes, to show that ATP is not the only, or frequently not even the major, phosphate donor, and that this is probably reflected in vivo. It is pointed out that in vitro studies of donor and acceptor specificities of kinases must take account of the intracellular concentrations of nucleoside 5'-triphosphates, a problem also relevant to the design of nucleoside analogues as chemotherapeutic agents. Attention is also drawn to NTP analogues as substrates/ inhibitors of protein kinases, and to several examples of low-molecular mass non-peptide substrates of these enzymes.
Transfer of antivirals to skin Langerhans cells--a novel approach to anti-HIV treatment by "antiviral peplotion".
Authors: Becker Y
Published: January 2020

The analysis of the history of the research on antivirals especially the treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals with antivirals which were developed prior to the current AIDS epidemic led to suggest a different approach to the targeting of antivirals in the AIDS patients. Since HIV-1 replication in infected individuals occurs in the lymph nodes, it is suggested that modified anti-HIV-1 drugs should be applied to Langerhans cells in the skin. The Langerhans cells can serve as the carries of the antiviral drugs attached to their surfaces due to their ability to migrate from the skin through the lymph vessels and to home to the lymph node. At that site Langerhans cells interact with T cells. Transfer of the anti-HIV-1 drugs to infected CD4+ T cells in the lymph node will reduce virus replication in the lymph nodes and will reduce the cytotoxic systemic effects of the antiviral drug. Such an antiviral treatment requires the development of efficient methods of drug delivery through the skin.
No todo lo que brilla es oro: acción colectiva en minería aurífera. El caso de Buriticá, Antioquia
Authors: Toro Juliana , Mazo-Zapata Julián , Zapata Oswaldo
Published: January 2020

Los territorios colombianos donde existe explotación minera han sido objeto numerosos estudios desde el punto de vista económico, político y social. En este artículo se analiza la acción colectiva en Buriticá, Antioquia, para entender sus dinámicas comunitarias a pesar de los retos de la explotación minera. Examina la cooperación a partir del mecanismo de contribución voluntaria y estima sus determinantes mediante un modelo probit. Los resultados indican que, aun en la adversidad, las personas tienden a actuar en forma cooperativa, a diferencia de estudios anteriores que se enfocan en la maximización del benefício individual.
Double Food Quality: Media Coverage in the Czech Republic
Authors: Jurásek Miroslav , Velinov Emil
Published: January 2020

Nowadays in the globalized and connected world the European markets are becoming more and more secular. However, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the quality of some food products sold in the Central and Eastern European supermarkets is lower than the analogical food items sold in the Western European supermarkets. Numerous studies confirm that food quality, for example in Germany and Austria, is higher than in the Czech Republic and Hungary. Cross – border selling of two different products (in terms of a lower content of primary ingredients or cheaper substitutes) in the same branded packaging is known as a double food quality problem which belongs among the most contentious issues of the actual agenda of the European Union. Without challenging the above – mentioned proves this paper raises the question of the hypothesized politicization of the matter. This exploratory study sheds light on the issue from the political perspective. The paper suggests that the political factors than any others (like consumer preferences or a particular consumer behavior in the Czech Republic) played a crucial role in presenting the topic publicly. The connection between the interest in this subject and its timing with regards to the political cycle in the Czech Republic is demonstrated by means of the (quantitative) media content analysis. If the hypothesis of the suggested connection is confirmed, the media presentation of the matter expressed by the number articles published in the chosen, most read Czech magazines and newspapers tends to be higher towards the Election Day (October 20-21, 2017). The paper puts attempts to classify the relevant media outputs based on the principal participants and their approach towards the matter. This is a secondary objective of the paper.
PENURUNAN EMISI POLUTAN KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWAH YANG DIBERI WAFER RANSUM LIMBAH INKONVENSIONAL MELALUI APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI BIOFERMENTASI DAN SUPLEMENTASI
Authors: Partama Ida Bagus Gaga , Mudita I Made
Published: January 2020

A Research had been carried out to reduce the pollutant emission of the Ettawa Crossbreed Goat given ration non-conventional waste at Farm of Animal Husbandry Faculty Udayana University, Bukit Jimbaran. Bio-fermentation of rumen liquor (1.5% and 3.0%) and supplementation of pignox as source of multivitamin-mineral (0.15% and 0.30%) and Animal Fat “Tallow” (5% and 10%) were applied in this experiment. Fifteen Goat of Ettawa Crossbreed were used in this experiment which designed of Randomized Block Designed with five treatments and three blocks. The treatments were; WFS0 are ration unconventional waste without bio-fermentation and supplementation, WF1S11 are WFS0 fermented by 1.5% rumen liquor and supplemented by 0.15% multivitamin-mineral and 5 % Tallow, WF2S12 are WSF0 fermented by 3,0% rumen liquor and supplemented by 0.15% multivitamin-mineral dan 10 % Tallow, WF1S21 are WFS0 fermented by 1.5% rumen liquor and supplemented by 0.30% multivitamin-mineral and 5 % Tallow and WF2S22 are WFS0 fermented by 3.0% rumen liquor and supplemented by 0.30% multivitamin-mineral and 10 % Tallow. The result showed that application of bio-fermentation and supplementation technology  (WF1S11, WF2S12, WF1S21 and WF2S22) were significant decreased (P<0.05) the concentration and production methane emission each totally VFA are 18.57 – 39.57% and 20.15 – 40.45%, production of CO2 each totally VFA are 2.51 – 13.29%, production of fecal ammonia (42.59–61.11%) and percentage of production fecal ammonia each g crude protein consumption (10.20–51,02%) compared with WFS0, in spite of concentration of CO2 in rumen fluid, concentration and production urine ammonia were similar (P>0.05) in all treatments. Goat were given WF1S11 produced fecal ammonia each day and percentage of production fecal ammonia each g consumption of crude protein were lowest (P<0.05) are 0.021 Vs 0.024-0.054 g/d and 0.024 Vs 0.033-0.049%, even though lowest methane concentrations, production of methane and CO2 emmision each mM total VFA produced by WF1S21 were 13.376 Vs 17.410-28.762 mM; 19.738 Vs 20.850-33.147 % and 45.657 Vs 46.720–52.655%. It was concluded that; 1) Application of bio-fermentation and supplementation technology in  ration unconventional can reduce pollutant emission of the ettawa crossbreed goat, 2) Bio-fermentation of 1.5% rumen liquor and supplementation of 0.15 – 0.30% multivitamin-mineral and 5% Tallow in the ration unconventional waste can lowest produced of NH3 fecal each crude protein consumption, CH4 concentration, production of CH4 and CO2 each mM total VFA of rumen fluid.
Derajat Pemulihan dan Persentase Spermatozoa X dan Y Kambing Peranakan Etawah Setelah Separasi dengan Gradient Percoll (RECOVERY RATE AND PERCENTAGE OF SPERMATOZOA X AND Y OF ETAWAH CROSSBREED GOAT AFTER SEXING WITH GRADIENTT PERCOLL)
Authors: Rasad Siti Darodjah , Setiawan Rangga , Solihati Nurcholidah , Widyastuti Rini , Nugraha Ilham
Published: January 2020

Aim of the research is to find out recovery rate and percentage spermatozoa X and Y after sexing with gradientt Percoll in Etawah Crossbreed Goat.  Extender was used TRIS Egg Yolk.  The semen sample from five male Etawah Crossbreed Goat were used in this research.  Gradientt percoll performed 10 fraction layer with centrifugation time 10 minute at 2500 rpm.  The data were analyzed descriptively. Result of the research shows that average recovery rate of spermatozoa X is 50.96±26.07 %  and  spermatozoa Y is 44.13±6.11 %.  Average percentage of  X sperm is 78.00±7.06 % and Y sperm is 76.10±5.95 % .
Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Sebagai Metode untuk Melacak Bruselosis pada Sapi Perah (INDIRECT ENZYME IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (I-ELISA) AS METHOD FOR DETECT BRUCELLOSIS IN DAIRY COW)
Authors: Ghurafa Rinaldi , Lukman Denny Widaya , Latif Hadri
Published: January 2020

Brucellosis has become a zoonotic disease that received attention in efforts to prevent and eradicate strategic infectious animal diseases in Indonesia. Brucellosis can be detected early by the rose bengal test (RBT), followed by complement fixation test (CFT) and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The aims of this research was to study the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test (I-ELISA) as an alternative test for detecting brucellosis in dairy cattle. The method was used by conducting tests of RBT, CFT, I-ELISA and commercial I-ELISA to test brucellosis. The test results were calculated sensitivity and specificity, as well as analyzed by calculating the kappa value. The method was used by conducting tests of RBT, CFT, I-ELISA and commercial I-ELISA to test brucellosis. The test results were calculated for sensitivity and specificity, as well as analyzed by calculating the Kappa statistical value. The results of the sensitivity and specificity calculation showed that the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) test developed a higher sensitivity (100%) compared to RBT test (93.75%) and commercial I-ELISA (93.75%). The developed I-ELISA specificity (74.68%) was still lower than RBT (89.87%), but higher than commercial I-ELISA (70.52%). The calculation of the statistical value of kappa RBT with CFT showed the kappa value 0.7120 which meaned it had a good agreement, commercial I-ELISA with CFT showed kappa value 0.6165 which meaned it had good suitability, whereas I-ELISA developed with CFT showed kappa value 0.4984 which meaned having a moderate agreement.In conclusion, the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) which had been developed had low specificity, but the sensitivity was the highest compared to the commercial I-ELISA test and RBT, so this test was appropriate to be used as a screening test, especially in dairy cows movement into brucellosis-free areas or regions.
The Prevalence of Alimentary Tract Worms in Domestic Cats and Stray Cats at Campus Area of Semarang State University, Central Java
Authors: Farantika Rafita , Susanti R.
Published: January 2020

The aims of this study were to identify and measure the prevalence of alimentary tract worm in stray and domestic cats in the campus area of Semarang State University (Universitas Negeri Semarang/Unnes). As many as 30 cat feces samples: 10 stray cats samples (SC), 10 limited range domestic pet cats (LDC), and 10 indoor domestic pet cats (IDC) were used in this study. Examination of the feces samples was done by using the flotation method to identify the eggs of worms. Based on feces examination, eggs of four worms species i.e. Ancylostoma caninum, Clonorchis sinensis, Dipylidium caninum and Toxocara cati were found. Based the prevalence of worm eggs: A. caninum was found infected 4 out of 30 samples (13.3%), C. sinensis was found infected 2 out of 30 samples (6.6%), D. caninum was found infected 2 out of 30 samples (6.6%), and T. cati was found infected 10 out of 30 samples (33.3%).
Tampilan Produksi dan Efek Imunomodulasi Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Ransum Berbasis Wheat Pollard Terolah (PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNOMODULATION EFFECTS ON BROILER GIVEN A PROCESSED WHEAT POLLARD BASED DIET)
Authors: Sulistiyanto Bambang , Kismiati Sri , Utama Cahya Setya
Published: January 2020

An immunomodulator is a natural body defence mechanism due to the stimulation of objects/ environments, both specific and non-specific by means of cellular and humoraldefence. The objective of the study was to prove the immunomodulation ability of broiler chickens up to age 35 days that dietary fed various wheat pollard based rations. The design used in the study was a complete randomized design with six treatments and three replications. The treatment of broiler rats consisted of BR-IAJ (T0), control feed with wheat pollard base (T1), control feed with wheat pollard base plus probiotic (T2), wheat pollard based feed steamed (T3), fermented wheat pollard based feed 40% (T4 ) and fermented wheat pollard based feed 60% (T5). The rations used contained 20,5-22,5% protein with 2900-3100 Kcal metabolic energy. Lohman MB 202 Platinum from PT. Japfa Comfeed used in research with average day old chick (DOC) weight of 36,39 + 2,45 g. Parameters observed included body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), relative weights of liver organ, thymus, lymph and bursa fabricius. The results showed that wheat pollard-based rations had a significant effect (p <0,05) on the relative weight of liver organ, body weight, FCR and ration consumption, but did not affect the relative weights of spleen organ, thymus and bursa fabricius. The mean relative weight of consecutive liver as follows: 2,47 g (T0), 2,83 g (T1), 3,40 g (T2), 2,99 g (T3), 3,15 g (T4) and 3,06 g (T5). The average body weight, consumption and FCR rations were as follows: 1415,24 g; 136,45 g/day; 2,03 (T0), 775,04 g; 125,19 g/day; 3,40 (T1), 813,17 g; 129,86 g / day; 3,36 (T2), 792,89 g; 128,14 g /day; 3,54 (T3), 892,91 g; 138,33 g /day; 3,27 (T4), 969,56 g; 155,52 g/day; 3,37 (T5). The conclusion of the study was that the ration with the addition of wheat pollard 60% was able to provide an increase in body weight gain and the best immunomodulation seen from the aspect of the proportion of immunomodulating organs to the growth of broiler chickens.
Pola Kedatangan Serangga pada Jasad Hewan Sebagai Indikator dalam Kegiatan Forensik (INSECT ARRIVAL PATTERN ON CARRION AS AN INDICATOR OF FORENSIC ACTIVITIES)
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono , Soviana Susi , Hadi Upik Kesumawati
Published: January 2020

Decomposition stage of carrion will attract various species of insects to come. Some species of insect will attract on carrion in the early stage of decomposition, but some of them in the late stage of death. The purpose of this research were to observe and analyze the distinctive features of insect succession on carrion that could predict the time of death. Two carrions were placed in indoor and outdoor. Insect collection and observation was done three times a day i.e, morning, afternoon and evening. Adult flying insects were collected by sweeping net, whereareas immature insect with manual. The result showed that decomposition of the carrion  indoor were  faster than the corrion outdoor. In  outdoor there were found orders of Diptera  (i.e Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae,Tachinidae), Coleoptera (Chrysomelidae, Staphylinidae, Scarabeidae, Silphidae), Hymenoptera (Formicidae),  Hemiptera, Blataria and Orthoptera (Grillidae). However, in indoors there were found the order of Diptera (Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Tachinidae), Coleoptera (Chrysomelidae, Staphylinidae, Scarabeidae, Silphidae), Hymenoptera (Formicidae), Hemiptera, Aranea, and Lepidoptera. Decomposition stage of carrion indoor faster than outdoor. In the early stage to the decay stage, insects that came on carrion outdoor and indoor were Diptera (Calliphoridae, Tachinidae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae. On the post decay and skeletonization stage the insect that come were Coleoptera (Staphylinidae, Chrysomelidae, Scarabeidae, and Silphidae ). Hymenoptera (Formicidae) came from early stage to skeletal stage.
Reforzar el diálogo en sanidad global: conectar las redes regionales de investigación en los países en desarrollo
Authors: Roger François , De Romémont Aurelle , Binot Aurélie , Loire Étienne , Girard Philippe
Published: January 2020

En los países de bajos y medianos ingresos, la aplicación de medidas sanitarias se enfrenta a múltiples obstáculos. Las limitaciones sociales, económicas y sectoriales limitan el uso de los resultados de las investigaciones y de las recomendaciones de las organizaciones nacionales o internacionales. En estos países, los dispositivos para la investigación y la enseñanza en cooperación (dP) desarrollados por el Cirad y sus socios en el sector de la salud proporcionan una experiencia original. Estos dispositivos, que son redes regionales, ponen en práctica la intersectorialidad al reunir la investigación, a varios sectores de la sociedad y a diferentes niveles de la gobernanza pública y privada. Tienen como objetivo crear, a largo plazo, redes de actores y personas con poder de decisión y facilitar la innovación en cada contexto local o nacional. Actualmente esta experiencia es propicia para reforzar las interacciones a un nivel más global: conectar las redes regionales que se ocupan de la salud y construir un dispositivo de alcance global. Para lograrlo, los dispositivos involucrados elaboran conjuntamente una visión compartida de los impactos deseados y de las estrategias para conseguirlos.
Adoption of Smart Strategies for Enhancing Productivity and Income of West African Dwarf (WAD) Goat Farmers in Southern Nigeria
Authors: ACHOJA Felix
Published: January 2020

Objective: In this study the adoption of SMART (specific, measurable, realistic and timebound) strategies for enhancing productivity and income of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat farmers was investigated in Southern Nigeria.Materials and Methods: In April, 2019, structured questionnaire and observation were instrumental to the collection of primary data from 94 WAD goat farmers that were purposively selected using snowball sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were employed in data analysis.Results: The result of study shows that their productivity enhancement adoption index is 50%. The study revealed that about 52% of the total variation in value of WAD goat is accounted for by breed of initial stock, number of kids per doe, number of matured goat consumed, and age of kidding. Further result shows that SMART strategies adopted such as extension training received, breed of initial stock, number of goat stocked, extension agent and production infrastructures used, have a positive and significant relationship with the productivity. It was revealed that the mean net farm income of non-adopters of SMART strategies was N10,552 per goat and a net farm income of adopters was N15,184 per goat. Test of hypothesis indicated that there is significant difference in the income of goat farmers that did not adopt SMART strategies and goat farmers that adopted SMART strategies in WAD goat production. The result also showed that the major constraints to the adoption of SMART strategies by WAD goat farmers were inadequate genetically improved breed for cross breeding, inadequate capital and poor management system.Conclusion: We concluded that adopting the identified SMART strategies will significantly improve WAD farmers’ productivity and income. The provision of improved breeding stocks and improvement in management system will address the serious constraints faced by WAD goat farmers.
Contributos para o percurso da gravura e do ensino artístico em Portugal entre os séculos XVIII e XIX
Authors: Batista Jorge Rodrigues
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo pretende contribuir para o conhecimento do percurso da gravura e do ensino artístico em Portugal entre os séculos XVIII e XIX. O percurso da gravura iniciado no século XVI, atinge um momento de excelência na primeira metade do século XVIII devido, sobretudo, ao expressivo apoio mecenático do rei D. João V às artes e ao ensino artístico. O monarca, executou uma política estratégica ao serviço das artes, recorrendo a um financiamento sem precedentes e utilizando para o efeito a máquina diplomática do estado. A criação de escolas e academias, a contratação de mão de obra especializada estrangeira, como o famoso gravador italiano Francesco Bartolozzi, foram fatores fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do ensino artístico em geral e para a arte da gravura em particular. O acolhimento de técnicas inovadoras como a litografia, permitiram revolucionar o panorama artístico nacional até à difusão da fotografia que viria a ser responsável por uma mudança de paradigma no mundo das artes.
Imagem, memória e tempo na visualidade da história da infância
Authors: Masiero Cláudia Gisele , Oliveira Luciana da Costa de
Published: January 2020

Philippe Ariès (1960) foi o precursor do estudo da história da infância como categoria isolada, sendo a imagem a sua principal fonte de pesquisa. Depois disso, inúmeros outros estudos se dedicaram a interrogá-la, utilizando diferentes fontes e perspectivas. Procurando dar continuidade à observação da relação entre infância e sua representação visual, este estudo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a imagem e sua complexidade, isto é, sobre a forma como também é portadora de memória e de diferentes temporalidades. Para tanto, serão utilizados os estudos empreendidos por Aby Warburg, Georges Didi-Huberman e outros intelectuais que se dedicaram ao tema. Esse debate será perpassado pela análise da visualidade da história da infância, especialmente pela configuração da exposição Histórias da Infância, ocorrida no Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis Chateubriand (MASP) no ano de 2016, em que duas obras dialogaram de maneira especial: a pintura Rosa e azul, de Pierre-Auguste Renoir, e uma das fotografias da série Brasiliana Teimosa de Bárbara Wagner.
Editorial
Authors: Farina Mauricius Martins
Published: January 2020

A edição n.º 9 da Revista Visuais “Tempo da arte, transmissão de conhecimento e experiências da imagem” apresenta artigos de pesquisadores de diferentes instituições do Brasil e de Portugal. Neste número apresentamos textos que se relacionam com o fazer e a transmissão de conhecimentos relativos à experiência da arte em diferentes ocasiões. Sempre abrimos espaço em nossas edições para textos que se relacionem com a teoria e a crítica da arte, com a experiência da arte, em particular com os textos produzidos por artistas e pesquisadores relacionados às complexidades do processo criativo na arte. Assim, esperarmos contribuir e dar continuidade da missão da Revista Visuais que está em abrir seu espaço para a publicação das investigações em artes visuais nas suas várias possibilidades e fricções.
DEVELOPMENT OF REAL UNIT WAGE COSTS ON THE MACRO- AND MEZO-LEVEL OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: Kaderabkova Bozena , Jasova Emilie
Published: January 2020

The aim of the paper is to analyse the development and the level of cost inflation pressures originating from the labour market in terms of the different levels of the Czech Republic. At first, we will mention several definitions of unit labour costs and the reasons for their examination and monitoring. Then we will select the concept of the nominal and real unit wage costs and data for the macro-level and mezzo-level in the Czech Republic. It is also evaluated the development of real unit wage costs indicator on individual levels of the Czech Republic and extent the wage inflation potential on them. Finally, we localize the first clues about the negative impact of wages on prices on the mezzo-level, which can be used for creating the prediction of the national economy in the near future.
Overcoming Routine: A 21st Century Skill for a 21st Century Economy
Authors: Strunz Ulrich , Chlupsa Christian
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to show that overcoming routine holds efficiency potential in complex decision environments and to find an indication on what percentage of decision-makers will successfully overcome routine, when thinking time is not incentivized. Curiosity might favor non-routine behavior, as it is the recognition, pursuit and desire to explore uncertain and ambiguous events. Two hundred sixty-two US-American Mturks completed both a curiosity questionnaire and an experiment in the form of a cognitive puzzle game. High values in self-reported “Joyous Exploration” were not associated with larger numbers of experimental decisions. Contrary to findings where exploration served as a predictor for performance in human-computer interaction and as a mediator for “error learning” (Frese, 1994), participants who performed better relied less on exploratory decisions. Only about 10 % were able to overcome their routine behavior, confirming that induced routine can have a strong influence on behavior (Betsch, Haberstroh, Glöckner, Haar, & Fiedler, 2001). Those who overcame routine reported higher response times when being framed by unexpected feedback, but solved the experiment more efficiently. This is in line with research that fast, intuitive decisions increase framing effects (Guo et al., 2017) and exploration is time-costly (Athukorala, 2015). As described in research, this study further strengthens insights that performance in solving complex problems relies heavily on rule identification, rule knowledge and rule application (Wüstenberg, Greiff, & Funke, 2012).