bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismology 1979–1982
Authors: Chinnery Michael A.
Published: October 2011

The years 1979 to 1982 have been marked by a continuing expansion and development of seismology in the United States. In this introduction, we summarize some of the highlights of this period as a prelude to the more detailed papers that follow. These papers cover improvements in our understanding of earth processes together with improvements in the various geophysical techniques available to study them.

Perhaps the most traditional area of seismology is the study of the structure of the earth's interior, though recent developments are following most untraditional directions. Highlights of this area include significant new intormation on lateral heterogeneity, anisotropy, and the mechanisms of scattering and attenuation. Using a variety of techniques, we are beginning to identify the regions of the earth that are the most heterogeneous and to characterize the heterogeneity in those regions. The upper mantle has long been known to contain lateral variations, particularly in the uppermost part. New data are beginning to suggest substantial heterogeneity in the transition region between 400 and 670 km depth. In addition, more evidence is confirming lateral variations in the lower 200 km of the mantle. Attempts to relate these various heterogeneities to tectonic processes at the earth's surface and motions in the earth's core are continuing.
ERL Director resigns in protest
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

George H. Ludwig resigned in protest last month from his post as director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Research Laboratories (ERL). Ludwig, who will retire in February 1984 after 30 years of government service, told Eos that he resigned “with the intent of making a statement” about changes within NOAA that he says are weakening the agency's research program. Ludwig is now the assistant to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) chief scientist.

“The NOAA reorganization process of the past year has been unusually traumatic for ERL,” Ludwig explained in a memo to his ERL colleagues when he announced his departure. “Specific actions have shifted many of ERL's long‐standing management responsibilities elsewhere in the [Department of Commerce] and NOAA.”
Z0: The extra force
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Researchers at CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research) have reason to believe that they have finally observed the elusive superheavy Z0 nuclear particle. The observation is important because it represents the unifying link between the physics of weak‐field phenomena and electromagnetic forces. The Z0 particle was predicted by the Salam‐Weinberg model, which is an attempt to pull together all physical forces into a single field theory. The as yet uncalibrated experiments at CERN project the new particle's mass at 95±5 GeV, or about the equivalent to the combined masses of 95 protons. What remains in the search for such nuclear particles are “heavier Z0” particles (200 GeV), “top quarks,” and “Higgs particles,” all of which are parts of the Salam‐Weinberg model.
AIPG membership
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Members of AGU now are qualified to apply for membership in the American Institute of Professional Geologists (AIPG). The constitution and bylaws of the geologists' association require that applicants for membership hold prior membership in one of the societies affiliated with the American Geological Institute or in other scientific societies specifically approved by AIPG; AGU has been approved by the executive committee.
Acid rain reports
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Three independent reports on acid precipitation issued in June reinforce each other and, taken together, support those seeking immediate action to curb man‐generated acid deposition in northeastern North America by reducing emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. The Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation report concluded that manmade pollution is to blame for acid precipitation problems in the northeastern United States. A National Research Council (NRC) committee stated that reducing the manmade emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides will result in a proportional reduction in the deposition of acid precipitation. And an acid rain panel assembled by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) called for immediate action to curb the emissions despite incomplete scientific data.
Space telescope will meet specs
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Space Telescope will not fly on schedule as originally proposed, but it will meet specifications, according to Administrator James Beggs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ( Nature, June 23, 1983). Late 1986 is now the target date for a Space Shuttle launch.

Space Telescope, whose recently opened earth‐based laboratory is located on the Johns Hopkins University campus in Baltimore, Md., will have to perform to unusually exact tolerances in order to gain an advantage over the world's large telescopes. Even though clear of atmospheric sources of light contamination, Space Telescope must have high resolution and be free of any jitter while traversing earth orbit. Meeting these requirements has been difficult, as might be expected for such advanced design specifications.
Principles of Geochemistry
Authors: Frost B. Ronald
Published: October 2011

Geochemistry is one of those broad fields of study that is difficult to define to the satisfaction of all those who work in it. One widely accepted definition is the traditional Goldschmidtian approach that considers geochemistry to be a study of the geological and chemical controls on the distribution of the elements within the earth. This is the definition of geochemistry that is implicit in the approach taken by this book. On the whole, the book does a commendable job in treating this aspect of geochemistry, although the quality of coverage for various subjects is far from uniform. For instance, the treatment of the distribution of major and trace elements caused by igneous processes is well organized and clearly written, whereas the chapter on metamorphic processes can only be described as excoriable. This is the fourth edition of a book that was first published in 1966, and, considering that the text deals with such long‐dead issues as stress and antistress minerals, it seems to this reviewer that the chapter on metamorphic processes has not been updated since that date.
1983 Maurice Ewing Medal
Authors: Shor George G. , Spiess Fred Noel
Published: October 2011

The Maurice Ewing Medal is presented jointly by the U.S. Navy and AGU for significant contributions to one or more of the following areas: the understanding of physical, geophysical, and geological processes in the ocean; significant original contributions to scientific ocean engineering, technology, and instrumentation; and outstanding service to marine sciences. Fred Noel Spiess has done all of these things superlatively.

If one is to work successfully in the oceans, it is useful (although not strictly necessary) to enjoy being at sea—Samuel Johnson, Charles Darwin and Lord Nelson notwithstanding. Fred Spiess combines this enjoyment of seagoing with a logical nature that leads him to the physical heart of a problem, an inventiveness that makes it natural to develop the tools that he needs when they don't exist, an ability to work well with others in a wide variety of disciplines, and leadership that persuades others to work on significant problems.
IUGG Quadrennial Report Overviews: Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology 1979–1982
Authors: James David E.
Published: October 2011

This introduction to the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology (VGP) section of the 1979–1982 IUGG Quadrennial Report is intended to serve as a thumbnail sketch of some major research developments and trends in VGP over the past four years. These notes are drawn from, and limited to, the nine review articles that follow in this section. Although I have made an effort to give mention to all areas covered by the reviews, the subjects about which I know most have inevitably received the greater play. A full reading of the reviews will provide a more balanced summary.
Sea MARC 1 side‐scan sonar imaging near the East Pacific Rise
Authors: Fornari Daniel J. , Ryan William B. F. , Fox Paul J.
Published: October 2011

Six seamounts and many small constructional volcanic cones were recently investigated during a combined Sea MARC 1 and Seabeam survey of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) axis between 9.5°N and 13°N as part of an overall program funded by the National Science Foundation designed to characterize the along‐strike morphology and structure of the axis of the EPR [Rise Axis Tectonic Team, 1983]. The larger seamounts studied fall into two principal categories: those that exhibit purely constructional volcanic terrain and those where the summits and flanks show significant structural and erosional features such as summit calderas (cover photo) and collapse craters and edifice flanks which have been extensively modified owing to mass‐wasting processes (Figure 1). The seamounts studied include three volcanos just west of the EPR axial graben at 9°52′, which form a linear group that trends N60°W. The flanks and summits of these seamounts were insonified on overlapping traverses by using Sea MARC 1 side‐scan sonar and Seabeam, multi‐beam echosounding. Sea MARC 1 is a midrange side‐scan system developed by International Submarine Technology of Redmond, Washington, and Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York. It can insonify swaths of seafloor as great as 5 km (full width) and depicts seafloor morphology and structure as small as a few meters with great accuracy. The resulting bathymetric base a n d sonar images have clearly identified an evolutionary pattern in the progressive structural and morphological development of these seamounts as one moves away from the EPR axis, with the details of the sonar records having important implications for constructional volcanism on the flank of the EPR.
Iron core in the sun?
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

A suggestion has been made that the sun may have a central core composed of iron (New Scientist, June 23, 1983). This suggestion is the latest attempt to force a fit to theoretical models of the sun's internal temperature structure. That the sun does not fit well enough as a model for compositional origin of the rest of the solar system is evidenced in its apparent deficiency in the production of neutrinos. Measurements on the earth to detect the emission of solar neutrinos are typically low by as much as a factor of 3. If the core of the sun were to be composed of a sufficiently stable element, such as the form of iron that would exist at 14 million K, the production of neutrinos would be about what is observed. The result of the calculations of Carl Rouse is that the sun could have a core radius of about 5% of the total, with a density of about 1.6×105 kg m−3. This core would be consistent with the properties of an iron plasma, instead of hydrogen and helium nuclei. In the modeling procedure one could adjust the sun's temperature to a value lowered by about 1 million K and have a lowered neutrino flux as well.
Waterman award
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Nominations are being accepted for the Alan T. Waterman Award, which annually recognizes an outstanding young scientist in the forefront of science. The award, named for the first director of the National Science Foundation, was established by Congress 8 years ago to mark the agency's silver anniversary.

Candidates must be U.S. citizens and must be 35 years old or younger (or not be more than 5 years beyond receipt of the Ph.D. degree by December 31 of the year in which nominated). Candidates should have completed sufficient scientific or engineering research to have demonstrated through personal accomplishments outstanding capability and exceptional promise for significant future achievement, the award committee says. In addition, those nominated should exhibit quality, innovation, and potential for discovery in their research.
Space stations favored
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Recently, Presidential Science Advisor George A. Key worth II created a new wave of enthusiasm about the future of the U.S. space program by stating in Science magazine that the National Aeronautics and Space Administratoin (NASA) should consider a major new initiative (July 8, 1983). Key worth has previously used Science magazine to provide his views on policy to the science community; in the past the messages have not been so supportive of the space program, but apparently NASA has made the case for an ambitious plan of space technology and development. The new program may involve space stations to support a colony on the moon (see Eos, April 19, 1983, p. 145) and perhaps Mars.

In the July 8 Science, Keyworth is quoted as saying, “I think the country would take a major thrust in space very seriously. We've shown that the shuttle works, and is realistic. We know we have the technolgy to build a space station—most advocates of a space station readily acknowledge that it is only an intermediate step in a more ambitious longrange goal of exploring the solar system.”
June streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

More than 90% of the key index gaging stations across the country reported average to well‐above average streamflows in June, and record‐high flows were set on streams in Mississippi, Kansas, Nevada, and California, according to a month‐end summary of water‐resources conditions by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

USGS hydrologists said that the unusually wet conditions were also evident in the combined flow of the three largest rivers in the lower 48 states—the Mississippi, St. Lawrence, and Columbia rivers—which averaged 5841 billion liters per day (bid) (1,298 billion gallons per day) during June, 49% above the long‐term average. The combined flow of these major rivers has been above average now for 16 of the past 17 months. These three large river systems, which include the flow of the Missouri and Ohio rivers, account for runoff from more than half of the conterminous United States and provide a quick check on the status of the nation's surface‐water resources.
Public affairs committee actions
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The AGU Public Affairs Committee will create an ad hoc committee to consider possible AGU position statements concerning the effects of nuclear war.

The action was taken at the May 31, 1983, meeting of the Committee at the AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore. Present were Carroll Ann Hodges, Chairman, and members Thomas J. Ahrens, David Cauffman, Jared Cohon, Stamatios Krimigis, Robert Murphy, Raymond Roble, and George Shaw. Also attending were the current Congressional Fellow Arthur Weissman and SPR—Cosmic Rays Section Secretary Miriam Forman.
1983 James B. Macelwane Awards: Donald J. DePaolo
Authors: Wasson John T. , DePaolo Donald J.
Published: October 2011

We honor Don DePaolo with the Macelwane Award for several key contributions to the earth sciences. While a graduate student at Caltech Don recognized that the study of an isotopic parent—daughter pair having the same volatility and the same host phases could eliminate many of the ambiguities that had plagued previous attempts to apply isotopic data to the study of mantle reservoirs and that the 147Sm–143Nd system was such a geochemically coherent pair.

Following Gunter Lugmair's pioneering work on meteorites, Don was one of the first to work out laboratory techniques for the study of Sm and Nd; these techniques and the high‐precision mass spectrometers of the Wasserburg lab allowed Don and Jerry to demonstrate in several key papers that there were at least two major mantle reservoirs and to examine earth structural models that could account for the observations. Don continues to contribute new ideas to this area; for example, in a paper in press he discusses the use of 176Lu–176Hf results to place constraints on the rate of crustal recycling.
The legacy of the IGY
Authors: Friedman Herbert
Published: October 2011

We are now at the point of celebrating three milestones of international cooperation in sun—earth research: the 100th anniversary of the First International Polar Year (1882–1883); the 50th anniversary of the Second Polar Year (1932–1933); and the 25th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958). Credit for the concept of the First Polar Year goes to an Austrian Lieutenant, Karl Weyprecht. He expressed the philosophy of scientific cooperation in the following bold language delivered in a statement to the Hall of the Austrian Academy of Sciences on January 18, 1875:

Purely geographical research and Arctic topography, which until now have stood in the foreground of all polar expeditions, must, with respect to the great scientific questions, recede into the background. The answers, though, will occur only when those nations pretending to aspire to the heights of contemporary, cultural endeavor decide, without regard to national rivalry, upon common measures. In order to secure decisive scientific results, we require a series of simultaneous expeditions whose aims must be, through dispersal over several points of the Arctic region and using identical instruments in line with identical instructions, to conduct a simultaneous, year‐long series of observations. Only thereby shall we acquire the material for solutions to those great problems of nature that reside in the Arctic ice, and only then shall we earn the reward for those considerable resources that have hitherto been squandered in labor, endeavor, deprivation, and money in the polar region.
Love canal questions
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted a 3‐month monitoring study of the Love Canal area near Niagara Falls, N.Y., after the federal government pronounced that a potential health risk existed due to chemical waste dumps. In 1982 the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) decided that the area was habitable, subject to implementation of effective safeguards against leakage from the canal and to cleaning up of the contaminants. Now, the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) has announced that, with the information available, it is not possible to demonstrate with certainty that unsafe levels do not exist within the so‐called “emergency declaration area” (EDA).
Earth Science Ph.D.'s down 7.3%
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

If the health of an academic discipline can be measured by the number of doctorates awarded, then there is good news for science and engineering: The total number of Ph.D.'s awarded in 1981 by universities in the United States rose 2.5% (to 17,623) from 1980. Not such good news for the earth sciences, though: The number of doctorates awarded in 1981 in the earth, environmental, and marine sciences (EEMS) dropped 7.3% (to 582), the sharpest decline in all science and engineering categories (see Table 1) according to a special report by the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Eos to list Ph.D. data
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos plans to list, regularly, the titles and authors of recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. The listings will begin with degrees awarded since January 1, 1983.

Faculty members are invited to submit information concerning recently accepted Ph.D. dissertations on stationery of the degree‐granting institution above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman. The information must include the following four points, which will be published as received: (1) Title of the dissertation. (If work is not written in English, give the English version of the title, and the name of the original language) (2) Author (3) Name of department and institution granting the degree (4) Month and year degree was awarded
Committees active against creationism
Authors: Weinberg Stan
Published: October 2011

In 1981 in Federal District Court, Judge William R. Overton held that the Arkansas law mandating equal time for the teaching of “scientific creationism” in the state's public schools was unconstitutional.

The Overton decision was the latest in a series of legislative and judicial setbacks suffered by fundamentalists who advocate the introduction of creationism into schools, libraries, museums, and other public institutions. But rather than giving up the ghost, creationists are now switching their campaign into a series of local confrontations. In California the teaching of creationism in San Jose high schools is defended while the use of an evolution‐oriented high school biology text is attacked. In Iowa an ambitious effort to introduce shoddy creationist paperbacks into the schools of 60 communities has just bogged down. In Michigan an exhibit on plant development in a modest, county‐run museum is characterized as “blasphemous” because of the exhibit's evolutionary tone. So it goes across the United States and Canada.
Chapman Conference on Magnetospheric Currents
Authors: Potemra T. A. , Barfield J. N.
Published: October 2011

A Chapman Conference on Magnetospheric Currents was held in Irvington, Va, during April 5–8, 1983. The purpose of this conference was to bring together theoretical and experimental researchers and students interested in electric currents in the earth's and other planets′ magnetospheres. The knowledge in this area was reviewed and remaining questions were identified. Over 90 registrants from four continents (including countries such as Japan, Mainland China, Australia, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Canada) participated in formal presentations, poster sessions, and informal discussions. Some of the highlights and principal results of this conference are reviewed here.
July streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The lingering effects of a record‐deep mountain snowpack continued to keep streamflows at near record high levels in much of the western United States during July. Elsewhere in the nation, a lack of rainfall and prolonged high temperatures contributed to declining streamflows, and parts of the northeast and southeast reported near record‐low streamflows, according to a monthend check on water conditions by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). (See map, courtesy of USGS.)

USGS hydrologists said that record‐high streamflows were set in California, Colorado, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, and Iowa based on reports from 172 key index stations across the country. Well above average flows during July, within the highest 25% of record, were reported at 57 of the index gaging stations. Of the remaining stations, 98 reported near‐average flows and 17 reported well below average flows. Along the east coast, 12 of the 72 key index stations from Maine to Florida reported well below average flows for the month. In the extreme southwest, two stations reported their lowest July flows for the period of record.
New NAS journal
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In April 1984 the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) will begin publishing a new quarterly focusing on science policy. Written primarily for legislators, diplomats, corporate managers, security analysts, and other public policy analysts, the new journal will deal with such diverse topics as arms control, economic competition, social change, and health care.

Original articles are expected to create a 120‐page periodical that will discuss policy issues on a sophisticated but nonspecialist level, in a manner similar to that which Foreign Affairs uses to discuss U.S. foreign policy topics, according to NAS.
The Surface of Mars
Authors: Schultz Peter H.
Published: October 2011

Surface features revealed by the Viking Orbiter were 10 times smaller than those recorded by Mariner 9, 30 times smaller than those features seen from Mariners 6 and 7, 300 times smaller than those features in Mariner 4 images, and 15,000 times smaller than our best pre‐1964 earth‐based views. The book about Mars had to be rewritten following each increase in resolution. Mutch et al. (The Geology of Mars, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1976) and W. K. Hartmann and O. Raper (The New Mars, NASA Spec. Publ. 337, 1974) provided us rewrites following Mariner 9. Carr provides us a comprehensive rewrite following the historic Viking missions.
Underwater lab
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The University of Southern California's Catalina Marine Science Center (CMSC) has announced plans to build an underwater marine research laboratory near Santa Catalina Island off the California coast. The project, which will take 2 years to build, will be sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The laboratory will be similar in concept to the U.S. Navy Sea Lab III, which was canceled some time ago.

The project's purpose is to give divers access to a laboratory without having to surface. The project leader, Andrew Pilmanis, of the University of Southern California, stated recently (Industrial Research and Development, July 1983): “By the nature of the work, scientists require a lot of bottom time, and to do it by scuba isn't practical…. The only way to do that is with saturation diving. Once the diver is saturated with inert gas, whether the individual stays a few days or for months, only one decompression is required.” Divers will typically stay in the laboratory for 7–10 days. The laboratory will initially be placed at a depth of 20 m, later to be refloated and located at depths to 37 m.
Second JECSS workshop
Authors: Ichiye Takashi
Published: October 2011

The Second Japan and East China Seas Study (JECSS) Workshop, which was held April 22–27, 1983, at Tsukuba University, Japan, will publish proceedings in spring 1984. Convened by Takashi Ichiye (Texas A&M University) and Kenzo Takano (Tsukuba University), the purpose of the workshop was to assess oceanographic research of these seas, including modeling and observational techniques, and to promote the cooperation of oceanographers in studying the marginal seas. The Workshop was supported by IBM Japan and the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC) and also sponsored by AGU, the Oceanographical Society of Japan and the Japanese‐French Oceanographic Society. The JECSS program has been designated as a program that contributes to the objectives of WESTPAC, the IOC‐UNESCO international program.
Advances in Irrigation
Authors: Gardner W. R.
Published: October 2011

This is the first volume of Advances in Irrigation, a new serial publication by the publishers of Advances in Agronomy and Advances in Hydroscience and designed to follow the same format. The editor is a well‐known researcher and writer on irrigation and related subjects and has assembled a collection of highly regarded and respected authors for the initial volume. The readership for this volume will probably be mainly specialists and students interested in irrigation and an occasional design engineer.

The seven contributions in this volume fall roughly into two classes: research and practice. Three papers (“Conjunctive Use of Rainfall and Irrigation in Semi‐arid Regions,” by Stewart and Musik, “Irrigation Scheduling Using Soil Moisture Measurements: Theory and Practice,” by G. S. and M. D. Campbell, and “Use of Solute Transport Models to Estimate Salt Balance Below Irrigated Cropland,” by Jury) cover topics that have been the subject of a number of reviews. The contributions here provide brief, well‐written, and authoritative summaries of the chosen topics and serve as good introductions or reviews. They should lend themselves well to classroom use in various ways. They also should be helpful to the nonspecialist interested in getting a sense of the subject without going into great detail.
Bacon‐Bercey Award to Lundberg
Authors: Dowhaluk Bohdan
Published: October 2011

Laura L. Lundberg, a first‐year graduate student in chemistry at the University of California, San Diego, is the recipient of the 1983 June Bacon‐Bercey Scholarship for Women in Atmospheric Sciences. The scholarship, administered by AGU, is provided through a gift from June Bacon‐Bercey, a noted meteorologist.

Lundberg's association with atmospheric sciences is recent. She received a B.A. in chemistry in May 1982 from Douglass College, Rutgers University, where she worked with G. F. Herzog in studying beryllium‐10 in sediment and soil samples from the Maurice River‐Union Lake system in New Jersey. That research generated an article in the May 20, 1983, issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research (vol. 88, Lundberg et al., pp. 4498–4504).
August streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Streamflow conditions in the far west remained in the above‐normal range during August, with well above average flows reported from southern Washington south through California and as far east as central Colorado. In sharp contrast to the far west, extreme low‐flow conditions persisted in parts of the Great Plains states, and the below‐average flows that were reported only in scattered areas of the Southeast in July extended throughout the mid‐Atlantic and southeast during August, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (see map, courtesy of USGS).

USGS hydrologists said that the combined flow of the nation's three largest rivers—the Mississippi, St. Lawrence, and Columbia—reflected the contrast in the water picture, with the unusually high flows of the west balanced by the many low flows in the east. During August, the combined flow was 2237 billion liters per day (bid) (492 billion gallons a day), only 5 percent above the average and down 33 percent from July's combined flow. These three major rivers drain more than half of the coterminous United States and serve as a useful guide to the status of the nation's water resources.
Recent Ph.D.'s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Boron in the Marine Atmosphere, Thomas R. Fogg, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Studies, Graduate School of Oceanography, Univ. of Rhode Island, May 1983. The Effects of Long‐Range Transport of Air Pollutants on Arctic Cloud‐Active Aerosol, Randolph D. Borys, Dept. of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State Univ., May 1983.
Underground lab proposed
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

There is a new effort to spend more than $45 million for the construction of an underground national laboratory, this time for the purpose of observing natural phenomena, but of course with a high‐energy physics overtone. To be observed are phenomena such as the gravitational constant and the earth's natural neutrino flux. This is to be a project in the realm of “non‐accelerator physics” and as such will be breaking new ground in federal big‐science funding.

The idea is to locate an elaborate facility for testing a number of very basic physical theories. The laboratory is to be located underground at a depth of 1–2 km at the Nevada Test Site. The area selected will be free from surface background effects and will benefit from “plenty of land, where the geology is thoroughly understood” according to a recent report (Science, August 26, 1983).
ICSU press
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) has established a publishing arm called ICSU Press. The Press is intended to complement the publishing activities of its member scientific unions in several ways: initiate special publications of research findings and new journals of reviews or research; advise, or act as publishers for, members requesting such service; and engage in copublishing ventures with international bodies outside of ICSU whose goals are consistent with ICSU's.

Plans for ICSU Press also include preparation of television programs in cooperation with BBC‐2 in Britain and PBS and ABC in the United States.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 8(8), August 31, 1983, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete Mount St. Helens, Macdonald, Teahitia, and Pumice Raft reports are included; the earthquake report is an excerpt. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E83—009 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Fulfillment, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price if $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
Water and Western Energy: Impacts, Issues, and Choices
Authors: Haimes Yacov Y.
Published: October 2011

Since the 1973 oil embargo numerous studies have been commissioned on the subject of water and energy, and thus the proliferation of books and reports on associated problems is not surprising. The importance of the issues at stake and the realization that we were relatively unprepared to deal with the anticipated high level of future coal and shale development in the West altered our perceptions of many water‐energy issues; the issues were elevated, at least in some quarters, from the level of a common planning problem to the level of a crisis. For those of us who were captured in this syndrome and were a part of these “crisis studies,” this document inescapably brings a sense of déja vu.

The review of books serves multiple goals and purposes for readers as well as authors. For example, when I read book reviews in Eos, I am most interested in one that briefly introduces the book's topics, indicates the depth and breadth of the discussion, constructively highlights the major attributes and limitations of the book, critically evaluates the book as a whole, and, if possible, suggests other documents that either supplement or complement the book's writings. I will attempt to do just this.
Antarctic research priorities set
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Highest priority for future research under the U.S. Antarctic Program should be given to the “extraction of the unique climatic record preserved in the Antarctic ice sheet” and to “the study of the response of marine life to the unique environment at the edge of sea ice.” That's the word from the National Research Council's (NRC) Polar Research Board, which was asked by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to recommend priorities for research efforts in the Antarctic. NSF funds the U.S. Antarctic Program. The board ranked eight large‐scale research projects in order of priority, identified three smaller, more specific projects that should be included in the U.S. Antarctic Program, and listed other necessary, supportive activities with “widespread implications and applications.”
GRM: Observing the terrestrial gravity and magnetic fields in the 1990's
Authors: Taylor P. T. , Keating T. , Kahn W. D. , Langel R. A. , Smith D. E. , Schnetzler C. C.
Published: October 2011

Beginning with the earliest days of space exploration, satellites have been used to chart the gravity and magnetic fields of the earth. As a continuation of these studies NASA is proposing to launch a new geopotential fields exploration system called the Geopotential Research Mission (GRM). Two spacecraft will be placed in a circular polar orbit at 160 km altitude. Distances between these satellites will vary from 100 to 600 km. Both scalar and vector magnetic fields will be measured by magnetometers mounted on a boom positioned in the forward direction on the lead satellite. Gravity data will be computed from the measured change in distance between the two spacecraft. This quantity, called the range‐rate, will be determined from the varying frequency (Doppler shift) between transmitter and receiver on each satellite. Expected accuracies (at the one sigma level) are: gravity field, 1×10−5 m s−2 (1 milliGal). 5 cm geoid height; magnetics, scalar field 2 nT, vector to 20 arc seconds (96 microradians), both resolved to less than 100 km. With these more accurate and higher resolution data we will be able to investigate the earth's structure from the crust (with the shorter wavelength gravity and magnetic anomalies) through the mantle (from the intermediate wavelength gravity field) and into the core (using the longer wavelength gravity and magnetic fields).
Venusian lightning
Authors: Borucki William J.
Published: October 2011

Laboratory simulations by William J . Borucki and coworkers (Geophysical Research Letters, October 1983) indicate that the inability of satellite instruments to detect optical pulses of Venusian lightning is due to the weakness of the signal rather than its spectral characteristics.

Evidence of lightning activity in the Venusian atmosphere has been obtained by instrumentation aboard the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) and Venera 9, 11, and 12 spacecraft. However, a search by Borucki and coworkers for optical pulses radiated by Venusian lightning was unsuccessful. The search used the star sensor aboard the PVO to cover the geographical region from 70°N to 50°S latitude and from 240° to 60° longitude (IAU coordinates). B. Vonnegut and R. E. Orville have suggested that Venusian lightning might emit very little radiation of wavelengths greater than 480 nm. This would reduce the possibility of detecting and mapping lightning activity using many solid‐state sensors because these sensors are most sensitive in the red rather than in the blue spectral region.
Planetary instruments
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

November 30 is the deadline for submitting proposals for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) planetary instrument definition and development program (PIDDP). Proposals arriving after the deadline will be reviewed next year. Formerly called the planetary instrument definition program, PIDDP aims “to define and develop new instruments and instrument components or improved versions of existing instruments so that they may be proposed in response to future announcements of flight opportunities as candidate experiments that would not need further development if selected.”

NASA encourages new proposals that focus on support for studies aligned with future mission plans of the Solar System Exploration Division (Eos, May 24, 1983, p. 386, and February 15, 1983, p. 65). Among the missions recommended by the Solar System Exploration Committee (SSEC) are the Venus Radar Mapper, the Mars Geoscience/Climatology Orbiter, the Comet Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby, and Titan Probe/Radar Mapper. Subsequent missions recommended include the Mars Aeronomy Orbiter, the Venus Atmospheric Probe, the Mars Surface Probe, and the Lunar Geoscience Orbiter.
Venus space mission
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

One can read about the scientific results of the Pioneer Venus exploration program in a highly valued special issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research, 85(A13), December 30, 1980, but these results are only a part of the impact of what has been one of the most sophisticated scientific endeavors in history. In this program numerous spacecraft—the U.S. Mariner 2, 5, 10, Pioneer 1, 2, and the Soviet Venera 4‐10, 11, 12 missions—were launched to study Venus. There were six probes to Venus's surface, one to its upper atmosphere, and three to observe its environment. Pioneer 1 is still in operation, in Venus orbit with a periapsis less than 200 km and an apoapsis of 66,000 km. As a result of the probes there are now diamonds and sapphires on Venus, the windows provided for spacecraft instruments to take measurements of the atmosphere, surface, and solar flux.
Seismic hazard research grants
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is inviting proposals for research contracts and grants under its Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program. The proposed research must be directed toward identifying, evaluating, and characterizing the immediate and longterm seismic hazard, says the USGS. Program objectives and tasks required to achieve those objectives are described in Proposal Information Package No. RFP‐1485. The deadline for proposals is February 10, 1984. USGS expects that funding of selected programs will start on or after October 1, 1984.
Magnetospheric Plasma Physics
Authors: Mauk Barry H.
Published: October 2011

Magnetospheric Plasma Physics is volume 4 of an ongoing series of review books entitled Developments in Earth and Planetary Sciences organized by the Center for Academic Publications Japan. The series is intended to stress Japanese work; however, the present volume was written by seven internationally selected authors who have reviewed works from a broad range of sources. This volume is composed of articles drawn from five lecture series presented at the Autumn College o f Plasma Physics, International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, October–November 1979. The audiences for these lecture series were plasma and/or space plasma physicists, or students of the same, and the level and tone of this volume clearly reflect that condition.
NRL Remote Sensing Experiment
Authors: Valenzuela G. R. , Chen D. T. , Garrett W. D. , Kaiser J. A. C.
Published: October 2011

Seasat synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the ocean contain a wealth of ocean features ranging in size from 100 km mesoscale eddies to internal waves and dekameter surface waves [Beal et al, 1981]. In particular SAR and SLAR (side‐looking airborne, or real‐aperture, radar) images of shallow water (usually less than 40 m deep) near coastal areas (e.g., Nantucket Shoals, English Channel, German Bight, etc.) contain features that relate almost one to one with the bottom topography (see cover figure as an example). Also evident in the cover figure are tide‐induced internal waves (top and middle right in the image), a number of current rips, a current shear front near the bottom edge of the image, and the dark region covering a great part of the middle portion indicating small microwave backscatter power, the result of very stable atmospheric conditions owing to cold upwelling water underneath warm air.
New tender for Alvin
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

This month the Atlantis II will become the new tender ship for the Deep Submergence Research Vehicle (DSRV) Alvin. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's 64‐m refitted ship replaces the 32‐m catamaran Lulu, which has been Alvin's tender and escort for 19 years. Originally constructed as a temporary support vessel from two surplus mine sweeping pontoons, Lulu cannot move quickly enough or traverse the large distances required to support priority research. In the next three months, two workshops will review letters of intent to use the new ship/submersible team.
Solar‐terrestrial physics workshop
Authors: Butler Dixon , Papadopoulos Dennis
Published: October 2011

A workshop spanning the entire field of solar‐terrestrial physics and emphasizing the comparison of theory with experiment was held June 6–10, 1983. The purpose of the workshop was to focus attention on current knowledge; force debate of outstanding questions; and encourage interaction among the theory, data‐analysis, and laboratory‐simulation segments of the community.

Reports drafted at the meeting will form the basis for the overall workshop document, to be available this winter; the publication is intended as a benchmark and a resource document of our understanding of solar‐terrestrial physics.
Economic Benefits of Improved Water Quality: Public Perceptions of Option and Preservation Values
Authors: Bouwes Nicolaas W.
Published: October 2011

The primary objective of this book is to report the authors′ research approach to the estimation of benefits of water quality improvements in the South Platte River of northeastern Colorado. Benefits included a “consumer surplus” from enhanced enjoyment of water‐based recreation, an “option value” of assured choice of future recreation use, and a “preservation value” of the ecosystem and its bequest to future generations. Concepts such as preservation and option value benefits have been often mentioned but seldom estimated in natural resources research. The authors have met their objective by providing the reader with a detailed description of their research without being tedious.
New observations from ISEE‐3
Authors: von Rosenvinge Tycho
Published: October 2011

On June 30, 1983, the International Sun‐Earth Explorer‐3 spacecraft (ISEE‐3) was at an apogee of 236 earth radii (RE) exploring particle and field phenomena in the earth's distant magnetic tail region. Most of what we know about the earth's magnetotail is based on spacecraft observations made inside of the lunar orbit distance (approximately 60 RE), and a few brief passes of several interplanetary spacecraft through the more distant tail. ISEE‐3 is greatly extending the exploration of the geotail by spending a large part of 1983 in the earth's magnetic tail between 60 and 240 RE.

There will be a special session at the 1983 AGU Fall Meeting which will focus on the new geotail results. In December, ISEE‐3 will make a final lunar swing‐by, coming within 100 km of the surface of the moon. This maneuver will propel ISEE‐3 out into the solar system, where it will pass through the tail of comet Giacobini‐Zinner in early September 1985. Later, in March‐April 1986, ISEE‐3 will monitor the solar wind conditions near Halley's comet while other spacecraft from around the world get a close‐up view. ISEE‐3 celebrated the fifth anniversary of its launch on August 12.
JGR papers on LAGEOS
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

AGU is inviting contributions to a special issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR) devoted to the results from analyses of Laser Geodynamics Satellite (LAGEOS). Examples of topics appropriate for the issue include, but are not limited to: (1) Geodesy: gravity field, intersite baseline distances, polar motion, earth tides, and satellite orbit perturbations (2) Tectonophysics: tectonic plate motion, crustal deformation, gravity and geoid interpretation, and mantle convection, structure, and rheology (3) Solid earth‐ocean‐atmosphere interactions.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 8(9), September 30, 1983, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The entire Miyakejima and Rabaul reports are shown; the earthquake report is an excerpt. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E83–009 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Fulfillment, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.