bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amenazador y amenazado: indetectabilidad, riesgo y sexualidad en la era del «tratamiento como prevención» del VIH-Sida
Authors: Gagliolo Agostina Aixa , Margulies Susana
Published: August 2020

Este artículo recupera la experiencia de personas con VIH residentes del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, en torno del «tratamiento como prevención», núcleo central de las políticas globales contemporáneas de gobierno del VIH-Sida. Se trata de una investigación etnográfica cuyo trabajo de campo (veinticuatro meses con una frecuencia de dos a tres visitas semanales de ocho a doce horas de duración cada una) se desarrolló entre 2016 y 2018. El corpus empírico consiste en trece entrevistas en profundidad y un extenso conjunto de registros de observación de interacciones cotidianas. Analizamos los modos en que indetectabilidad e intransmisibilidad del virus se entrelazan en la vida con la enfermedad. Mostramos que mientras las políticas presentan la relación indetectable-intransmisible como la clave para poner fin a la epidemia y a la vez como una poderosa herramienta para responder al estigma que rodea al VIH, estas relaciones se complejizan en la vida cotidiana de los afectados, dando lugar a procesos tensos y contradictorios entre percepción-interpretación-significación y prácticas. Entre estos procesos se destaca lo que llamamos una redirección del sentido del riesgo de enfermedad: desde la probabilidad de transmitir el virus a otros y otras hacia los otros y otras como fuente de trasmisión de nuevas condiciones de enfermedad.
Etnografía y salud rural: trayectorias de investigación en los Valles Calchaquíes, Argentina
Authors: Remorini Carolina , Teves Laura Susana , Pasarin Lorena , Palermo María Laura
Published: August 2020

En este artículo nos proponemos aportar a la construcción del panorama regional acerca de la diversidad de investigaciones contemporáneas en Antropología de la Salud en Latinoamérica, a partir del análisis de nuestra trayectoria como equipo en el estudio etnográfico de procesos de salud-enfermedad-atención (PSEA) en comunidades rurales de Molinos (Salta, Argentina). Se describen los antecedentes en el abordaje clásico de la salud y la enfermedad desde el «folklore médico» y las sucesivas innovaciones teórico-metodológicas que resultaron en transformaciones en nuestro objeto de investigación y en la adopción de un enfoque transdisciplinario y transectorial. Esto condujo a articular metodologías y datos (etnográficos, relacionales, geoespaciales, epidemiológicos, demográficos) en un encuadre de métodos mixtos. Junto a ello, reflexionamos sobre el modo en que nuestras investigaciones integraron demandas e intereses de instituciones y actores comunitarios que condujeron a diseñar proyectos colaborativos para desarrollar innovaciones tecnológicas y sociales que optimicen intervenciones de salud pública.
El caso Banchero, de Guillermo Thorndike: fuente impresa que explica el culto a Luis Banchero Rossi, santo secular, en Lima
Authors: Hernández Lefranc Harold
Published: August 2020

La existencia del culto en el cementerio El Ángel a Luis Banchero Rossi —empresario peruano de la industria de pescado, asesinado en 1972— exige el interés por su génesis, dado que es un culto religioso a un personaje secular. El presente texto halla que esto es posible por dos razones: la muerte violenta produce santidad, y la sacralización no se restringe a los límites de la religión institucionalizada. Además, plantea que, en lo eficiente, un factor que explica el culto lo constituye el libro El caso Banchero (1973), delperiodista y escritor Guillermo Thorndike. Además, practica una exégesis antropológica y evidencia rasgos mistificados y mesiánicos del personaje, su vida y su muerte, lo que se entiende como un antecedentedel culto. Los cultos populares se difunden en lo fundamental a través de la oralidad, no por la palabra escrita; sin embargo, en este caso se desdibujan los límites entre la cultura popular y el texto escrito, cuyo intermediario es la prensa.
Reyes Escate, Luis Fernando de Jesús. Negros derives: following the trajectories of material negritudes in Bolivia. Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGS, 2018. 184 pp.
Authors: Silva Marcos Antonio Batista da
Published: August 2020

The objective of this review is, starting from the learning and experience process with the Tocañeros, to analyze the processes of black identity constitution among the inhabitants of the Afro-Bolivian Community of Tocaña. The work demands of the reader a set of reflections generated from the black bodies and the flows of blackness, crossed by the paths traveled and narrated by the author.
Relaciones entre asertividad y estilos cognitivos
Authors: Meza Aníbal
Published: August 2020

Universitarias de nivel socio-económico alto y bajo fueron comparadas en su asertividad (general, AG, defensiva, AD; y expansiva, AE) y en su estilo cognitivo (dependencia-independencia de campo DC-IC). Las de nivel alto tuvieron mayor independencia de campo no difirieron de las de nivel bajo en AG aunque respondían diferencialmente a ciertos ítems. No difirieron en AE pero si en AD, siendo las de nivel alto más asertivas. Los estilos cognitivos y la AD correlacionaban, siendo más asertivas las mujeres con independencia de campo.
Complementariedad de las láminas Rorschach y proyectivas: una demostración empírica
Authors: Jímenez Gómez Fernando
Published: August 2020

Este artículo hace referencia a la aportación complementaria de las Láminas Proyectivas al test de Rorschach, a través de las diferentes Categorías y de los principales factores Rorschach. El estudio, de tipo trasversal, se ha realizado con una muestra de 526 adolescentes y 300 adultos diferenciados y analizados por sexos. Queremos destacar a través de este estudio que se puede apreciar, por una parte la aportación complementaria que suponen las Láminas Proyectivas a las del Psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach, y por otra, la peculiaridad de un Rorschach específico de la adolescencia diferente al de la madurez. Este estudio es complementario al artículo publicado en la "Revista de Psicología" con el título de: "Aportación complementaria de las Láminas Proyectivas al Psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach".
Maternidad/maternalidad y trabajo: "efectos" del rol dual sobre las madres que trabajan
Authors: Ragúz María
Published: August 2020

El artículo revisa literatura e investigaci6n sobre roles sexuales en lo que concierne a madres que trabajan. Se focaliza la atenci6n en los hallazgos correlacionales y causales en relación a los "efectos" que el trabajo dual de las madres tiene sobre sí mismas. Constituye una continuación de un artículo previo sobre los "efectos" del trabajo de la madre sobre sus hijos y esposo.
Impacting at Risk Communities using AI to optimize the COVID-19 Pandemic Therapeutics Supply Chain
Authors: Jones Erick , Azeem Gohar , Jones Jr. Erick , Felicia Jefferson
Published: August 2020

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the global community like no other pandemic in history. The COVID-19 has progressed rapidly throughout United States. Vulnerable communities including the African American and other social communities have been particularly affected by the virus. As medicines are being developed as a possible cure and preventive medicines, the challenge is how to get these important medicines to the communities that are most at risk, especially in the under-represented minority (URM) community. This study aimed to create a supply chain that prioritizes geographic sections that house vulnerable communities to prevent and minimize the impacts of COVID-19. We collaborated with the Houston Department of Health and Human Services to capture the data needed to model a community that has these challenges. We created a supply chain model for the city of Houston that prioritizes geographic sections in the city that house vulnerable communities. We defined the “COVID-19 Community Health Index” (C-19 CHI) which we used to parameterize the supply chain mixed integer program (MIP). The outcome of this study helped us in prioritizing those communities that need the medicinals the most. This information can be used in our healthcare supply chain model to ensure timely delivery of medicines and supplies to COVID-19 patients that are the most vulnerable and hence the overall impact of COVID-19 can be minimized.
Chemisensors and Biosensors
Authors: Mondal Paritosh , Paul Saurav , Shyam Abhijit , Roy Choudhury Anuradha , Deb Kuheli , Pradhan Amit Kumar , Choudhury Sudip
Published: August 2020

The world of sensor is an important and fast growing industry. Backed by active groups of researchers and technologists round the globe, sensor technology has become indispensible for its applications in the different field especially in the segment of environmental monitoring, gas composition analysis, industrial development monitoring, national defence security and medicine etc. Naturally, it plays a crucial role in the environment monitoring sector as well.
This book documents an overview of different chemi- and bio-sensors, their design aspects, prospect of computational molecular studies in sensor design, and some important applications including the recent SARS-CoV-2. We hope this book will be of benefit for the active as well as prospective researchers planning to work in the field of sensor technology.
TRADISI MASKULINITAS SUKU SASAK (STUDI TENTANG SENI PERTUNJUKAN PERESEAN)
Authors: Solikatun Solikatun , Kartono Drajat Tri
Published: August 2020

Peresean is the traditional art of the Sasak people who fight two men (pepadu) by using weapons from rattan sticks and shields. This research uses a qualitative research method with an ethnographic approach. The results of this study indicate that the shift in the meaning of masculinity in society has been influenced by the times and changes that occur in society. In addition, the development of media and science is increasingly advanced. Where once the public interpreted men as masculine when in the art of performing a man could win the fight. At that time men have their own pride, prestige, unmatched men and dare to defeat the enemy. But now the meaning of masculinity has shifted, the masculine meaning for society that a man looks masculine in the arena of battle if he is able to control emotions during the game, able to play sportsmanship, not revenge after the fight ends, and able to establish friendship between players.

Keywords: Masculinity; Tradition; Peresean.
 
Abstrak

Peresean adalah kesenian tradisional masyarakat Suku Sasak yang mempertarungkan dua laki-laki (pepadu) dengan memakai senjata dari tongkat rotan dan perisai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hahwa pergeseran makna maskulinitas pada masyarakat telah dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan zaman dan perubahan yang terjadi di masyarakat. Selain itu paekembangan media dan ilmu pengetahuan yang makin maju. Dimana dulu masyarakat memaknai laki-laki terlihat maskulin ketika dalam seni pertunjukan peresean seorang laki-laki dapat memenangkan pertarungan. Saat itu laki-laki memiliki kebanggaan tersendiri, prestise, laki-laki tanpa tanding dan berani mengalahkan musuh. Namun sekarang ini makna maskulinitas mengalami pergeseran, makna maskulin bagi masyarakat bahwa seorang laki-laki terlihat maskulin dalam arena pertarungan peresean jika mampu mengontrol emosi selama pertandingan, mampu bermain secara sportifitas, tidak dendam setelah pertarungan berakhir, dan mampu menjalin silaturahmi antar pemain.

Kata kunci : Maskulinitas; Tradisi; Peresean.

 
Microstructure and mineral composition of Holocene stromatolites from Lagoa Vermelha, a hypersaline lagoon in Brazil: Insights into laminae genesis
Authors: Keim Carolina N. , dos Santos Hélisson Nascimento , Santiago Carolina Souza , Pennafirme Simone , Neumann Reiner , Schnellrath Jürgen , Lima Inayá , Crapez Mirian A.C. , Farina Marcos
Published: August 2020

Stromatolites are domes, columns, or nearly flat crusts of laminated sedimentary rocks, usually consisting of Ca-Mg carbonates. Stromatolites result from lithification of microbial mats, which are benthic microbial ecosystems where microorganisms arrange themselves in layers according to their physiology. Despite a century of research, the hypothesis of stromatolite genesis by lithification of microbial mats remains controversial, and a convincing explanation for how stromatolites arise from microbial mats is still lacking. In this work, we analyze in detail a stromatolite from Lagoa Vermelha, a coastal hypersaline lagoon in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The stromatolite presents a laminated core and thrombolitic regions at the periphery. Both thrombolitic and laminated facies consist of fine-grained authigenic minerals with minor contributions of bioclasts and quartz grains. X-ray diffraction shows aragonite, high-magnesium calcite (HMC) containing about 17% MgCO3, a very-high-Mg calcite (VHMC) containing 29–46% MgCO3, and small amounts of quartz and pyrite. Scanning electron microscopy of polished samples coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) showed that each lamina was composed of 1–4 distinct mineral phases embedded within each other, indicating sequential steps of precipitation of Ca-Mg carbonates under distinct biogeochemical conditions. The coexistence of different phases in a single lamina suggests that several processes contribute to mineral deposition as the incipient stromatolite laminae are left behind by microorganisms from the lower layers of the microbial mat when they grow and/or move upwards.
Wounds at risk of tetanus: unexpected level of underimmunization in a patient cohort
Authors: Piccini Gaia Bavestrello , Cavenaile Jean-Christophe , Bressan Maria Antonietta
Published: August 2020

Background: Tetanus is an acute and potentially fatal disease caused by Clostridium tetani, an extremely resilient pathogen. This bacterium can contaminate traumatic wounds which account for approximately 5.4% of all visits to the Emergency Department. According to several surveillance programs, the incidence of clinical tetanus in Italy is tenfold higher than in other industrialised countries. In 2010, Italy accounted for 57 of the 74 confirmed cases reported within the European Union. We decided to conduct a study in the Emergency Department to assess the proportion of patients immunised against tetanus. Methods: The study analyses data from 1094 patients who presented to the Emergency Department of the Fondazione IRRCS Policlinico San Matteo between April 2016 and November 2017 with wounds potentially at risk of infection with Clostridium tetani. Results: Data showed that in Italy, the percentage of population protected against tetanus infection is unexpectedly low with 432 patients out of 506 having no significant level of antibodies against tetanus infection. In conformity with the literature, the elderly (> 60 years old) constitutes a high-risk category, with 219 (92%) unprotected individuals out of 238. Also, the patients aged 60+ showed statistically significant difference between female and male subjects.The data comparative analysis showed that younger patients lack protective immunity as well.Conclusions: This study highlights the unexpectedly low level of immunization in the sample of patients that has been taken into consideration. The low level of protection against tetanus infection is a concerning issue not only in the elderly but also in the youngest individuals. This fact could explain the higher incidence of tetanus in Italy in comparison to other European countries. Adopting a well-defined algorithm for the prevention of tetanus infection could help to avoid the excessive administration of prophylaxis, as well as to put in place the necessary preventive measures for each patient. Such a method could help to increase the percentage of the population vaccinated against tetanus infection and eventually reducing the cases of tetanus infection observed in Italy. The analysed data equally suggest the need for conducting awareness campaigns on the topic of vaccines and vaccine-preventable infections.
Synthesis of 7, 8 –dihydroxyflavone functionalized gold nanoparticles and its mechanism of action against Leishmania donovani
Authors: Prasanna Pragya , Kumar Prakash , Mandal Saptarshi , Patyal Tanvi , Kumar Saurabh , Das Prolay , Ravichandiran V , mandal debabrata
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background – The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using drugs, synthetic and natural compounds, proteins, nucleic acids have become beneficial due to improved biological activity coupled with reduced cytotoxicity. In this regard, green synthesis of GNPs using plant extract enriched with flavonoids has shown increased attention due to improved antimicrobial efficacy, greater solubility, and better bioavailability of the flavonoid conjugated with GNPs. We have used 7, 8 dihydroxyflavone (DHF), a flavonoid that is enriched in plants and known for neurotropic and antioxidant activities, for the synthesis of GNP. In this report, we have investigated synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of DHF synthesized GNP against parasite Leishmania donovani .
Results – Synthesized DHF functionalized GNPs (DHF-GNPs) are ~35 nm in size with zeta potential values of -34.1 mV, as observed from DLS studies. UV-Visible spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis confirms successful conjugation of DHF over GNP. TEM imaging shows uniform size and spherical distribution of NPs. Against L. donovani promastigotes IC 50 for DHF and DHF-GNP is ~140 µM and ~40 µM respectively. In ex vivo amastigote model, IC 50 for DHF and DHF-GNP is ~40 µM and ~22 µM respectively. Even with 1000 µM of DHF-GNP, cytotoxicity is only ~30% on THP1 cells indicating its high biocompatibility. In DHF-GNP treated parasites, activity of arginase decreases in a dose-dependent manner as evident from gene expression and enzyme-based studies. Supplementation of treated cells with ornithine, metabolite of arginase, shows the highest recovery from death. This indicates inhibition of arginase as the main reason for parasite death. Induction of IFN-γ and reduction IL-12 cytokine response shows a possible T h 1/T h 2-mediated cell death. Also, DHF and DHF-GNP are equally effective against sensitive and drug-resistant strains of L. donovani .
Conclusion – Low cytotoxicity and high biological activity may provide an alternative but improved delivery of DHF whose solubility increases due to conjugation with GNP. Further efficacy against drug-resistant strains could be beneficial instead of conventional chemotherapy for leishmaniasis.

Keywords : Functionalized gold nanoparticle, DHF, DHF-GNP, arginase inhibition, drug-resistant
Parasite, iNOS activation
Patient and Service-Level Factors Affecting Length of Inpatient Stay in an Acute Mental Health Service: A Retrospective Case Cohort Study
Authors: Crossley Neil Edward , Sweeney Brian
Published: August 2020

Background: The NHS Mental Health Implementation Plan aims to reduce length of inpatient psychiatric stays to a maximum of 32 days, yet provides little guidance on how to achieve this. Previous studies have attempted to analyse factors influencing length of stay in mental health units, focussing mostly on patient factors. These models fail to sufficiently explain the variation in duration of inpatient stay. We assess how the type of service delivered by a trust, in addition to patient factors, influences length of stay.Methods: We conducted a retrospective case cohort study in a large inner-city NHS mental health trust for all admissions in a one month period. Data was gathered from electronic notes of 105 patients. Descriptive univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted on the data, with multiple regression analysis conducted on statistically significant data. Results: Short-stay assessment ward admission significantly reduced length of stay. Patients under outpatients or under care co-ordination, admitted through Mental Health Act assessment and formally detained all had longer length of stay. Out of area admissions, locum Consultant care, changing Responsible Clinician and ward transfers all led to longer length of stay. Factors indicating more severe illness such as increased observation level and polypharmacy, as well as diagnoses of psychosis or bipolar disorder were associated with longer duration of stay. Discharges requiring referral to accommodation or rehabilitation led to longer stays. The most significant factors that influenced length of stay were higher observation levels, diagnosis of psychotic illness or bipolar, and discharge to rehabilitation placement. The final model, taking into account all these factors, was able to account for 59.6% of the variability in length of stay.Conclusions: The study backs up existing literature which shows patient-factors have an influence on length of stay. The study also demonstrates that service-level factors have an impact on the duration of stay. This data may be used to inform further studies which may aid provision of inpatient and community services in the future.
Influencia del Historial de Victimización en Mujeres Nicaragüenses en la Transmisión Intergeneracional de la Violencia
Authors: Rivero Esther Rivas , Bonilla Algovia Enrique
Published: August 2020

La exposición a la violencia y las experiencias de abuso infantil son factores de riesgo para su reproducción en la siguiente generación. Muchos estudios han analizado la transmisión intergeneracional de la violencia, aunque en menor medida se ha investigado este fenómeno en Nicaragua. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la relación entre el historial de maltrato en madres nicaragüenses en situación de pobreza y la violencia en la siguiente generación. En el estudio de corte transversal participaron 124 mujeres que han sufrido diversas formas de polivictimización a lo largo de su vida. Los resultados indican que la presencia de violencia en los y las menores se relaciona con el historial de victimización de la madre, circunstancia que predice la violencia ejercida y padecida en la siguiente generación. Visibilizar el maltrato en la infancia constituye un objetivo prioritario, ya que crecer en contextos en los que se normaliza la violencia deriva en su reproducción. Palabras clave: Violencia intrafamiliar; violencia filio parental; violencia de pareja; sucesos vitales estresantes; Nicaragua.
Construction, validity and reliability of a global scale of perceived stressful events for adolescents
Authors: Barcelata Eguiarte Blanca Estela , Gutiérrez Arenas Vianey , Ruvalcaba Romero Norma Alicia
Published: August 2020

Adolescence is a vulnerable developmental stage, in which the adolescents’ life experiences can be an important source of stress influencing their well-being and mental health, however, it depends on their subjective appraisal. The Perceived Stressors Global Scale for Adolescents was developed a valid and reliable measure to identify major and minor potentially stressful events, in multiple domains, as well as, the level of stress perceived, in adolescents. An instrumental study was conducted participating 991 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old, attending public schools from five states of Mexico. A factor analysis by principal component (PC) with promax rotation method was performed, which revealed 53 Likert items distributed in six factors: Critical events; Daily hassles; Social exhibition; Family concerns; Academic stressors; and Social pressure. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using maximum likelihood (ML) method corroborating the initial solution of six factors. The model's goodness-of-fit measures are acceptable, as well as, the internal consistency coefficients. Although data indicate that the scale could be useful for identifying domains and types of stressors, as well as, the intensity of adolescent's perceived stress, it is recommended to test this factorial model in other samples.

Keywords: Adolescents; perceived stress; validity; reliability; confirmatory
Elementos que configuran la percepción de seguridad escolar en estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Orozco Solis Mercedes Gabriela , Colunga Rodríguez Bertha Alicia , Bravo Andrade Héctor Rubén , Ruvalcaba Romero Norma Alicia , Vázquez Juárez Claudia Liliana , Toscano María Úrsula Palos
Published: August 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir los elementos que configuran la percepción de seguridad escolar en estudiantes de secundaria. Se presenta un estudio cualitativo con enfoque sistémico ecológico. Por medio de un muestreo teórico, se incluyeron a 22 estudiantes, 50 % hombres con 12 a 16 años, quienes participaron en un grupo focal, previo consentimiento informado de los padres. Los datos recabados fueron audio grabados; se transcribieron y analizaron con el método de análisis de contenido por medio del programa Maxqda 18. Se identificaron 4 categorías que configuran la percepción de seguridad escolar: 1) condiciones de la escuela (físicas y organizacionales); 2) elementos relacionados con los maestros; 3) elementos relacionados con los compañeros, y 4) elementos relacionados con los padres. Los hallazgos sugieren que las condiciones físicas y organizacionales mantienen un papel importante en la configuración del sentido de seguridad escolar. Asimismo, la cercanía y apoyo recibido de actores del contexto (maestros, padres y alumnos) promueve una percepción más positiva de la seguridad.

Palabras clave: Percepción de seguridad escolar, adolescentes, investigación cualitativa, grupo focal.
Ruptura de pareja en adultos jóvenes y salud mental: Estrategias de afrontamiento ante el estrés del término de una relación
Authors: García Felipe E. , Garabito Sandra , Neira Michelle , Puentes Eduardo
Published: August 2020

El presente estudio tiene el propósito de establecer la relación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento, síntomas depresivos y satisfacción con la vida en adultos jóvenes tras una ruptura amorosa. Para esto, se encuestó a 220 personas, 66,8 % mujeres, en edades de entre 18 y 40 años. Se aplicaron las escalas Brief COPE de estrategias de afrontamiento, Escala SWLS de Satisfacción Vital, Escala de Depresión CES-D del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos, Cuestionario ERQ de Regulación Emocional, Escala RRS de Respuesta Rumiativa, sumado a un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se observó que las mujeres poseen más síntomas depresivos que los hombres. Además, el tiempo transcurrido desde la ruptura, la aceptación, la supresión, el brooding y el uso de sustancias predicen una sintomatología depresiva, y, por otro lado, el brooding, la aceptación y la búsqueda de apoyo social predicen satisfacción con la vida. De este modo, es posible enfocarse en las líneas de acción para promover respuestas más adaptativas y modificar las respuestas menos adaptativas en personas afectadas por una ruptura. Palabras claves: Bienestar subjetivo; depresión; regulación emocional; rumiación; ruptura.
Nanocarriers in the Delivery of Hydroxychloroquine to the Respiratory System: An Alternative to COVID-19
Authors: Cavalcanti Iago Dillion Lima , de Fátima Ramos dos Santos Medeiros Sandrelli Meridiana , dos Santos Macêdo Daniel Charles , Ferro Cavalcanti Isabella Macário , de Britto Lira Nogueira Mariane Cajubá
Published: August 2020

In response to the global outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2, this article aims to propose
the development of nanosystems for the delivery of hydroxychloroquine in the respiratory system
to the treatment of COVID-19. A descriptive literature review was conducted, using the descriptors
“COVID-19”, “Nanotechnology”, “Respiratory Syndrome” and “Hydroxychloroquine”, in the
PubMed, ScienceDirect and SciElo databases. After analyzing the articles according to the inclusion
and exclusion criteria, they were divided into 3 sessions: Coronavirus: definitions, classifications
and epidemiology, pharmacological aspects of hydroxychloroquine and pharmaceutical nanotechnology
in targeting of drugs. We used 131 articles published until July 18, 2020. Hydroxychloroquine
seems to promote a reduction in viral load, in vivo studies, preventing the entry of
SARS-CoV-2 into lung cells, and the safety of its administration is questioned due to the toxic effects
that it can develop, such as retinopathy, hypoglycemia and even cardiotoxicity. Nanosystems
for the delivery of drugs in the respiratory system may be a viable alternative for the administration
of hydroxychloroquine, which may enhance the therapeutic effect of the drug with a consequent decrease
in its toxicity, providing greater safety for implementation in the clinic in the treatment of
COVID-19.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Cryptococcal Antigenemia and Association with Follow-up Risk of Cryptococcal Meningitis and Mortality among HIV Infected Patients in North West India: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bhati Rajendra , Pramendra Sirohi , Sejoo Bharat , Kumar Deepak , Bohra Gopal K. , Meena Durga S. , Verma Diwakar , Midha Naresh K.
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Cryptococcal meningitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in
HIV infected individuals. In the era of universal antiretroviral therapy, the incidence of immune reconstitution
inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) related cryptococcal meningitis has increased. Detection
of serum cryptococcal antigen in asymptomatic PLHIV (People Living With HIV) and preemptive
treatment with fluconazole can decrease the burden of cryptococcal disease. We conducted
this study to find the prevalence of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia in India and its correlation
with mortality in PLHIV.

Method and material:

This was a prospective observational study. HIV infected ART naïve patients
with age of ≥ 18 years who had CD4 counts ≤ 100 /μL were included and serum cryptococcal
antigen test was done. These patients were followed for six months to look for the development
of Cryptococcal meningitis and mortality.

Results:

A total of 116 patients were analyzed. Asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia was detected
in 5.17% of patients and is correlated with increased risk of cryptococcal meningitis and mortality
on follow-up in PLHIV.

Conclusion:

Serum cryptococcal antigen positivity is correlated with an increased risk of Cryptococcal
meningitis and mortality in PLHIV. We recommend the screening of asymptomatic PLHIV
with CD4 ≤ 100/μL for serum cryptococcal antigen, so that pre-emptive treatment can be initiated
to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Vitamin D Assessment Over 48 Weeks in Treatment-Naive HIV Individuals Starting Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy
Authors: Crutchley Rustin D. , Jacobs David M. , Gathe Joseph , Mayberry Carl , Bulayeva Nataliya , Rosenblatt Kevin P. , Garey Kevin W.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Vitamin D deficiency is common in HIV population and has been associated
with increased comorbidity risk and poor immunologic status.

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy on changes
in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] over 48 weeks.

Methods:

Thirty-four treatment-naïve HIV individuals initiating lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy
and receiving clinical care from private practice in Houston, Texas, were included. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin
D levels from stored plasma samples collected from IMANI-2 pilot study at both
baseline and 48 weeks were analyzed using LC-MS assays. Mean 25(OH)D at baseline and 48
weeks were compared using paired t-tests. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate factors
associated with changes in 25(OH)D. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the effect
of vitamin D status and covariates on CD4 cell count recovery.

Results:

Mean 25(OH)D was significantly higher at 48 weeks (26.3 ng/mL (SD + 14.9); p=0.0003)
compared to baseline (19.8 ng/mL (SD +12.1), with fewer individuals having vitamin D deficiency
(41.2%) and severe deficiency (11.8%). Both body mass index and baseline CD4 cell count were
significant independent covariates associated with 25(OH)D changes over 48 weeks. Baseline vitamin
D status did not affect CD4 cell count recovery. However, in a 24-week multivariate analysis,
current tobacco use was significantly associated with a decreased odds of CD4 cell count recovery
(AOR 0.106, 95% CI 0.018-0.606; p=0.012).

Conclusion:

Individuals treated with lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy had significantly higher
25(OH)D after 48 weeks. Current tobacco users had significantly diminished CD4 cell count recovery
after starting treatment, warranting further clinical investigation.
Antihyperglycemic Activity and Safety Assessment of the Aqueous Extract of Aerial Parts of Scorzonera undulata ssp deliciosa in Rat
Authors: Ajebli Mohammed , Amssayef Ayoub , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: August 2020

Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Scorzonera undulata.

Background:

Scorzonera undulata ssp deliciosa, locally known as “Guiz”, is used as a phytomedicine in Morocco and Algeria to treat different health problems. Interestingly, it is used in the Moroccan pharmacopeia to treat diabetes. To our knowledge, this medicinal herb has never been investigated for any pharmacological activity.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of the aerial part of Scorzonera undulata (SUAP) in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats and to assess the acute toxicity of this extract in Wistar rats.

Methods:

This study investigated the effects of SUAP at a dose of 20 mg/kg on blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The acute toxicity of SUAP was examined according to the OECD test guideline; rats were divided into four groups of each sex and orally received the SUAP (1000, 2000, or 3000 mg/kg BW). Post-treatment, body weight, signs of toxicity, and/or mortality were observed during 14 days. Other assays such as histopathological examination, preliminary phytochemical investigation, determination of glycogen content and evaluation of α-amylase were performed according to standard protocols.

Results:

The findings of the current study depicted that both single and repeated oral administration of SUAP (20 mg/kg) generated a significant fall in the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. A single oral administration of SUAP (at the highest dose of 3000 mg/kg BW) had no significant acute toxicological effects, and oral LD50 of SUAP was greater than 3000 mg/kg. Furthermore, repeated oral administration of SUAP during 15 days led to an increase in the liver glycogen content in diabetic rats to improve the histopathological structure of the liver and pancreas in SUAPtreated diabetic rats and to ameliorate some biochemical parameters such as ALT and creatinine. SUAP had no effect on α-amylase activity. In addition, the preliminary phytochemical investigation showed the richness of the roots of SUAP in some phytochemicals, particularly the polyphenols.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates the antihyperglycemic effect of Scorzonera undulata in diabetic rats which could be involved through the improvement of liver structure and function. In addition, the dose used is not toxic. Finally, the extract contains large amounts of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols.
Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) and its Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: August 2020

Poor aqueous solubility, oral bioavailability, inter, and inter-subject
variability, and physical stability have always been a concern for pharmaceutical
formulation scientists while formulating an oral dosage form. Self-Emulsifying
Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) is a promising new approach to mitigating those
potential problems. The main advantages of SEDDS are that it increases the solubility
and decreases the bio-degradation of lipophilic drugs. Mostly BCS II & IV
Class drugs are preferable. SEDDS is an admixture of drugs, oil, surfactants, cosolvents,
and stabilizers. With little energy input, they form (o/w) microemulsion
within the G.I. lumen. The present review discusses the various formulations of
SEDDS, selection criteria for surfactants, oils, Patentable SEDDS dosage forms,
solidification technique, characterization, and future approaches.
The Potential of Digital Data Collection Tools for Long-lasting Insecticide-Treated Net Mass Campaigns in Nigeria: Formative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jo Youngji , Barthel Nathan , Stierman Elizabeth , Clifton Kathryn , Pak Esther Semee , Ezeiru Sonachi , Ekweremadu Diwe , Onugu Nnaemeka , Ali Zainab , Egwu Elijah , Akoh Ochayi , Uzunyayla Orkan , Hulle Suzanne Van
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Nigeria has the world’s largest malaria burden, accounting for 27% of the world’s malaria cases and 23% of malaria mortality globally. This formative study describes the operational process of the mass distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) during a campaign program in Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess whether and how digital data collection and management tools can change current practices and help resolve major implementation issues.

METHODS

Qualitative data on the technical features and operational processes of paper-based and information and communication technology (ICT)–based systems in the Edo and Kwara states from June 2 to 30, 2017, were collected on the basis of documented operation manuals, field observations, and informant interviews. During the LLIN campaign in Edo State, we recruited 6 local government area focal persons and monitors and documented daily review meetings during household mobilization (9 days) and net distribution (5 days) to understand the major program implementation issues associated with the following three aspects: logistic issues, technical issues, and demand creation. Each issue was categorized according to the expected degree (low, mid, and high) of change by the ICT system.

RESULTS

The net campaign started with microplanning and training, followed by a month-long implementation process, which included household mobilization, net movement, net distribution, and end process monitoring. The ICT system can improve management and oversight issues related to data reporting and processes through user-centered interface design, built-in data quality control logic flow or algorithms, and workflow automation. These often require more than 50% of staff time and effort in the current paper-based practice. Compared with the current paper-based system, the real-time system is expected to reduce the time to payment compensation for health workers by about 20 days and produce summary campaign statistics for at least 20 to 30 days.

CONCLUSIONS

The ICT system can facilitate the measurement of population coverage beyond program coverage during an LLIN campaign with greater data reliability and timeliness, which are often compromised due to the limited workforce capacity in a paper-based system.
Cyberdependency and School Performance among Students in 3rd Grade of Bingerville High School
Authors: Patrice-Aime DJELLE Opely
Published: August 2020

This study examines the link between cyberdependency and school performance among students in the 3rd grade of the Mamie Houphouët Fêtai High School in Bingerville. It covers a sample of one hundred and ninety (190) female students between the ages of 14 and 17. Students’ addiction to the Internet and social networks is measured using a questionnaire based on Vavassori et al. (2002) and Young’s Internet Addiction Test in its French version validated by Khazaal (2008). As for academic performance, they are verified using the end-of-term scoring matrices. The results, obtained using student T and Anova, show that students in the third grade using the Internet as teaching tools have higher academic performance than their peers who use it as entertaining instruments. All these different results are explained by the models of Zuckerman (1969) and Viau (1994). Ultimately, this study will inform and raise awareness among students, educational system actors and parents about the risks of excessive use of the Internet and social networks on school learning.
Supporting the Development of Novice Teachers: A Multi-tiered and Differentiated Approach
Authors: Creghan Kathleen Adair , Creghan Casey
Published: August 2020

This article explored innovative methods of delivering novice teacher induction in support of assisting and retaining new teachers. Rather than conducting traditional mentoring and new teacher professional development days, the authors advocate for more personalized, differentiated, and systemic ongoing methods including assigning and training Support and Content Mentors, providing a Streamlined and Scaffolded Teacher Induction Program, and then offering in-depth Differentiated Instructional Coaching support in order to assist in developing and retaining new teachers.
Conceptual Approaches to the Organization of Independent Work of Students in Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Adalat, PhD Rzayeva Firuza
Published: August 2020

The current article deals with conceptual approaches to the organization of independent work of students in the higher educational institutions. The notion of “Independent work” includes a type of learning activity which is performed by a student without direct contact with a teacher or a supervisor, managed by a teacher through special educational materials. The main objectives of independent work in terms of the practical acquisition of a foreign language are the achievement of an appropriate level of foreign language communicative competence and the preparation of graduates to conduct self-education work with a foreign language after graduation. There exist various viewpoints concerning the concept of individual work of students. According to some scholars, independent work of students is understood as planned scientific and educational work carried out on the instructions of the teacher under his methodological and scientific guidance. From the point of view of other scientists, independent work is an active creative work of a student, based on his ability to think independently, the ability to navigate in a new situation, to see problems himself, to pose new tasks and find approaches for solving them. Long-term analyses of literary sources and practical experiences allow us to conclude that in the organization of independent work of students. it is advisable to integratively apply the already well-known and proven methodologies (systemic, integrated, active, personality-oriented, competency-based, integrative-modular approaches) and modern educational strategies (the theory of educational activity, problem-situational learning, contextual learning, learning in collaboration, project training, continuing education of self-educational activities).
Pesquisa narrativa
Authors: Aimi Deusodete Rita da Silva , Monteiro Filomena Maria de Arruda
Published: August 2020

Apresenta-se, neste artigo, os resultados de uma pesquisa de natureza bibliográfica, cuja metodologia envolveu um levantamento no portal de periódicos da CAPES. Este estudo configura-se como uma das etapas de pesquisa de doutorado da autora principal deste texto e buscou levantar dados pertinentes ao uso das narrativas como método e como fenômeno, considerando os trabalhos que apresentaram resultados de investigações a partir da metodologia de pesquisa narrativa, com base nos autores Connelly e Clandinin. A pesquisa foi realizada entre os meses de dezembro de 2018 e março de 2019. Os dados foram organizados considerando o descritor: Pesquisa Narrativa, as datas de publicação e a metodologia apresentada. A partir do tratamento dos dados, são discutidos alguns termos que compõem o arcabouço dessa metodologia como Experiência, Espaço Tridimensional, Pessoas e o lugar da teoria na pesquisa, termos estes que se aproximam do interesse dos autores deste texto.
Paschoal Lemme: os povos do campo como sujeitos de uma educação democrática
Authors: Ferrari Gláucia , Ferrari Márcia , Proveti Mateus
Published: August 2020

Este estudo bibliográfico é sobre o pensamento de um dos mais importantes intelectuais da educação no Brasil, Paschoal Lemme (1904-1997), evidenciando a relevância e a atualidade de suas contribuições teóricas, em especial, as que se referem à educação das populações rurais do Brasil. Apresenta informações sobre a trajetória do autor, buscando contextualizar a formulação de suas reflexões no que se refere à educação e também à relação com a sociedade e com a democracia. Aborda algumas de suas relevantes contribuições aos processos educativos no campo, buscando fazer aproximações com contextos mais atuais que envolvem a defesa da democratização da escola pública e democrática para a população rural.
Jogo imagem e interação: uma prática educativa inclusiva
Authors: Souza Evaneyde Dos Santos , Ferrete Rodrigo Bozi
Published: August 2020

O artigo analisa a educação inclusiva, tomando como referência a prática educativa, que neste caso teve como foco a aplicação de um jogo intitulado Imagem e Interação, com o objetivo de perceber se ele reunia características capazes de proporcionar um ambiente inclusivo na sala de aula. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, adotou como metodologia o estudo de caso com um aluno diagnosticado com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Os resultados mostram que a inclusão educacional perpassa por práticas em que o conhecimento é construído por interações no contexto social e recursos pedagógicos que auxiliem na mediação da aprendizagem.
Imagens do cotidiano escolar: gênero e sexualidades nos desenhos de estudantes de uma escola pública
Authors: Silva Junior Jonas Alves da , Silva Leandro Rodrigues Nascimento da
Published: August 2020

Este artigo objetiva esquadrinhar representações de gênero e sexualidades, por meio de desenhos e rabiscos realizados por alunos/as de uma escola pública estadual do Rio de Janeiro. Vamos discutir e problematizar as questões relacionadas à infância e às representações das masculinidades e feminilidades que despontam nos desenhos. Os desenhos, grafismos e rabiscos não foram expressos em papel, mas, em paredes, mesas, cadeiras e outros objetos em 12 salas de aula. Como referencial teórico, recorremos a autores/as dos estudos culturais e de gênero. Optamos por analisar as imagens que os alunos e as alunas fizeram por considerá-las artefatos artísticos do cotidiano, potentes e reveladores. E concluímos que a sala de aula é um verdadeiro amálgama de discursos sobre as sexualidades que, silenciosa, diz muito através das pichações.
People and practices in organizational learning
Authors: Buch Anders
Published: August 2020

This article discusses the role of practices and people’s participation in practices in conceptual accounts of organizing, learning, and organizational learning. Specifically, the discussion takes its point of departure in Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger’s account of learning as legitimate peripheral participation in practices, and Theodore Schatzki’s practice theory account of organizing and organizations. Both accounts center on the role of practices as people come to know, and as changes occur in social activity and organizational settings. However, the two accounts are based on different ontologies. Borrowing the terminology of John Dewey and Arthur Bentley, Lave and Wenger instantiate a substantivist, and ultimately individualist, ontology, whereas Schatzki’s event ontology is relational. It is argued that both ontologies have merits of their own, but the article seeks to integrate the two approaches by utilizing Ole Dreier’s notion of the life trajectories of persons across social practices. In this perspective, organizational learning shows when people’s life trajectories are affected by the bundles of social practices they engage with, and when the bundles of social practices are transformed by the way people enact the practices.