bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Research of Small Metal Disk Driven by Explosive
Authors: Hamashima Hideki , Kubota Shiro , Saburi Tei , Ogata Yuji
Published: January 2011

In order to investigate the hazard of the fragments caused by the explosion damage, the simply-simulated explosion experiment and numerical simulation were conducted. In this study, the behavior of the disk supposing the fragment driven by an explosive was investigated. In the experiment, the optical observation using a high-speed camera was performed to obtain the basic data about a disk, such as flying velocity. Moreover, numerical simulation was performed using analysis software LS-DYNA. Comparison and examination for experimental results and numerical results were reported.
Flow Visualization and Thermal-Fluid Flow Phenomenon in Single Plate Heat Exchanger with Various Plate Shapes Formed by Shock Processing Method
Authors: Torii Shuichi
Published: January 2011

The aim of the present study is to improve heat transfer performance and to attenuate pressure drop in plate heat exchanger with the different plate shapes. In this study, the single plate model of the plate heat exchanger is made and the thermal fluid flow characteristics in the narrows channel are examined for two different shaped plates, i.e., separate herringbone and plover patterns and the results are compared with that of flat or herringbone plate. In addition, the flow of the fluid with the surface of the rugged plate in the plate heat exchanger was visualized by tuft method. It is found that if the separate herringbone plate whose pith is 2 is employed, heat transfer performance is substantially enhanced for the high Reynolds number region, while pressure drop is suppressed.
High Temperature Elastic Properties of Refractory Materials
Authors: Kakroudi Mahdi Ghassemi , Khameneh Asl Shahin
Published: January 2011

A pulse-echo technique, based on ultrasonic "long-bar" mode (LBM) velocity measurements, working up to 1700°C is described. Magnetostrictive transducers and ultrasonic lines used in a 40-350 kHz frequency range are detailed. The conditions of choice of fundamental parameters (frequency, line geometry, sample size) are discussed in relation with the nature and the microstructure of the materials under test. This technique can be used to study the variations of elastic moduli of materials at high temperature.
Experimental Study in H2/CO/CH4-Air and H2/CO/C3H8-Air Premixed Flames. Part 1: Laminar Burning Velocities and Markstein Lengths
Authors: Vu Tran Manh , Park Jeong , Kim Jeong Soo , Kwon Oh Boong , Yun Jin Han , Keel Sang In
Published: January 2011

Flame propagation characteristics of hydrogen/carbon monoxide/methane (or propane)–air premixed mixtures were studied in a constant pressure combustion chamber with a schlieren system at room temperature and elevated pressures. Unstretched laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths of various mixtures were obtained by analyzing high-speed schlieren images. Also, the experimentally measured unstretched laminar burning velocities were compared with numerical predictions using the PREMIX code with a H2/CO/C1–C4 mechanism, USC Mech II, developed by Wang et al. [23]. The two data from experiments and predictions show good agreement. The results indicate a significant increase in the unstretched laminar burning velocities with hydrogen enrichment and a decrease with the addition of hydrocarbons, whereas the opposite effects for the Markstein lengths were observed.
Influence of Temperature on Dynamic Behavior of Rubber Materials by Taylor Impact Test
Authors: Shin Hyung Seop , Park Sung Su , Choi Joon Hong
Published: January 2011

The understanding of the deformation behavior of rubber materials under high strain-rate or high loading-rate conditions will be important in their impact applications adopting significant viscoelastic behavior. Taylor impact test has originally used to determine the average dynamic yield strength of metallic materials at high strain rates, but it also can be used to examine the overall deformation behavior of rubbers representing large elastic deformation by using a high-speed photography technique. Taylor impact tests of rubber materials were carried out in the velocity range between 100~250 m/s using a 20 mm air gun. In order to investigate the overall dynamic deformation behavior of rubber projectiles during Taylor impact test, a 8-Ch high-speed photography system which provides a series of images at each elapsed time was incorporated. Three kinds of rubber materials with different Tg (glass transition temperature) were supplied. The bulging behavior of rubber projectile could be evaluated quantitatively by digitizing images taken. Taylor impact tests at various temperature levels were conducted to predict the bulging behavior of rubbers at high strain rate.
Transformation of Structure in Carbon Steel Specimen under Loading by Mach Stem, Formed in Preliminary Compressed High Explosive Charge TG-40
Authors: Bataev Ivan A. , Balagansky Igor A. , Bataev Anatoly , Hokamoto Kazuyuki
Published: January 2011

A structure of a carbon steel specimen after explosive loading is investigated. The loading was executed by Mach stem, formed in high explosive charge that was preliminary compressed by advanced wave in ceramic bar. In the original condition the specimen had a typical for low carbon steel ferrite-pearlite structure. Metallographic analysis has shown that during the process of the explosive loading the following structural changes took place: formation of numerous deformation twins in both ferrite grains and pearlite colonies (i.e. in two-phase structure); formation of extended bands of localized deformation, which are not crystallographically connected with the original ferrite-pearlite structure; fine grains formation in zones of severe plastic flow. The size of the ferrite grains is by an order of magnitude less than the original grains size. According to the authors’ opinion, above-noted structural peculiarities demonstrate that loading conditions achieved in the current loading scheme differ from common. The phenomenon of non-typical twinning in heterogeneous structure (pearlite) indirectly evidences that extremely high stresses and strain rates took place in the specimen during the loading.
Peculiarities of Weld Seams and Adjacent Zones Structures Formed in Process of Explosive Welding of Sheet Steel Plates
Authors: Bataev Ivan A. , Bataev Anatoly , Mali Vjacheslav I. , Esikov Maksim A. , Bataev Vladimir A.
Published: January 2011

The structure and mechanical properties of the laminates produced by explosive welding of low carbon steel were investigated. The maximum number of layers in the composites was 21. It was shown that the structure of the composite is not uniform across the thickness of the layers and along the boundaries in the shape of the wave. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sizes of the grain-subgrain clusters forming in the weld adjacent zones are about 100…400 nm. The maximum temperature was reached in the areas of the vortices. High-strength martensite was formed in these zones in the process of cooling. The strength properties and toughness of the com-posite is almost 2 times higher compared with the properties of the original plates. It was shown that the boundaries of welds are the barriers inhibiting the development of fatigue cracks.
HLA-G Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Preimplantation Embryos
Authors: Verloes An , Van de Velde Hilde , LeMaoult Joel , Mateizel Ileana , Cauffman Greet , Horn Peter A. , Carosella Edgardo D. , Devroey Paul , De Waele Marc , Rebmann Vera , Vercammen Martine
Published: January 2011

Human leukocyte Ag-G, a tolerogenic molecule that acts on cells of both innate and adaptive immunity, plays an important role in tumor progression, transplantation, placentation, as well as the protection of the allogeneic fetus from the maternal immune system. We investigated HLA-G mRNA and protein expression in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocysts. hESC self-renew indefinitely in culture while maintaining pluripotency, providing an unlimited source of cells for therapy. HLA-G mRNA was present in early and late passage hESC, as assessed by real time RT-PCR. Protein expression was demonstrated by flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and ELISA on an hESC extract. Binding of HLA-G with its ILT2 receptor demonstrated the functional active status. To verify this finding in a physiologically relevant setting, HLA-G protein expression was investigated during preimplantation development. We demonstrated HLA-G protein expression in oocytes, cleavage stage embryos, and blastocysts, where we find it in trophectoderms but also in ICM cells. During blastocyst development, a downregulation of HLA-G in the ICM cells was present. This data might be important for cell therapy and transplantation because undifferentiated hESC can contaminate the transplant of differentiated stem cells and develop into malignant cancer cells.
Pulmonary Surfactant Protein A Enhances Endolysosomal Trafficking in Alveolar Macrophages through Regulation of Rab7
Authors: Sender Vicky , Moulakakis Christina , Stamme Cordula
Published: January 2011

Surfactant protein A (SP-A), the most abundant pulmonary soluble collectin, modulates innate and adaptive immunity of the lung, partially via its direct effects on alveolar macrophages (AM), the most predominant intra-alveolar cells under physiological conditions. Enhanced phagocytosis and endocytosis are key functional consequences of AM/SP-A interaction, suggesting a SP-A–mediated modulation of small Rab (Ras related in brain) GTPases that are pivotal membrane organizers in both processes. In this article, we show that SP-A specifically and transiently enhances the protein expression of endogenous Rab7 and Rab7b, but not Rab5 and Rab11, in primary AM from rats and mice. SP-A–enhanced GTPases are functionally active as determined by increased interaction of Rab7 with its downstream effector Rab7 interacting lysosomal protein (RILP) and enhanced maturation of cathepsin-D, a function of Rab7b. In AM and RAW264.7 macrophages, the SP-A–enhanced lysosomal delivery of GFP-Escherichia coli is abolished by the inhibition of Rab7 and Rab7 small interfering RNA transfection, respectively. The constitutive expression of Rab7 in AM from SP-A−/− mice is significantly reduced compared with SP-A+/+ mice and is restored by SP-A. Rab7 blocking peptides antagonize SP-A–rescued lysosomal delivery of GFP-E. coli in AM from SP-A−/− mice. Activation of Rab7, but not Rab7b, by SP-A depends on the PI3K/Akt/protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) signal transduction pathway in AM and RAW264.7 macrophages. SP-A induces a Rab7/PKCζ interaction in these cells, and the disruption of PKCζ by small interfering RNA knockdown abolishes the effect of SP-A on Rab7. The data demonstrate a novel role for SP-A in modulating endolysosomal trafficking via Rab7 in primary AM and define biochemical pathways involved.
Suppressive Effect of Bacterial Polysaccharides on BAFF System Is Responsible for Their Poor Immunogenicity
Authors: Kanswal Sunita , Katsenelson Nora , Allman Windy , Uslu Kadriye , Blake Milan S. , Akkoyunlu Mustafa
Published: January 2011

Capsular polysaccharides of encapsulated bacteria are weakly immunogenic T cell-independent type 2 (TI-2) Ags. Recent findings suggest that BAFF system molecules have a critical role in the development of Ab responses against TI-2 Ags. In this study, we investigated the effect of bacterial polysaccharides on B cell responses to BAFF and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). We determined that B cells exposed to meningococcal type C polysaccharide (MCPS) or group B Streptococcus serotype V (GBS-V) were unresponsive to BAFF- and APRIL-induced Ig secretion. Moreover, MCPS and GBS-V strongly downregulated transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor, the BAFF and APRIL receptor that is responsible for Ab development against TI-2 Ags. Interestingly, (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl-Ficoll (NP-Ficoll), a prototype TI-2 Ag, did not manifest a suppressive effect on B cells. Paradoxically, whereas GBS-V and MCPS inhibited IFN-γ–induced BAFF production from dendritic cells, NP-Ficoll strongly increased BAFF secretion. TLR 9 agonist CpG deoxyoligonucleotide (ODN) was able to reverse the MCPS-mediated transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor suppression but could not rescue the Ig secretion in BAFF- or APRIL-stimulated B cells. In support of these in vitro observations, it was observed that CpG ODN could help augment the Ab response against NP in mice immunized with a CpG ODN-containing NP-Ficoll vaccine but exhibited only marginal adjuvant activity for MCPS vaccine. Collectively, these results suggest a mechanism for the weak immunogenicity of bacterial polysaccharides and explain the previously observed differences between bacterial polysaccharide and NP-Ficoll immunogenicity.
Absence of MyD88 Results in Enhanced TLR3-Dependent Phosphorylation of IRF3 and Increased IFN-β and RANTES Production
Authors: Siednienko Jakub , Gajanayake Thusitha , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Moynagh Paul , Miggin Sinéad M.
Published: January 2011

Toll-like receptors are a group of pattern-recognition receptors that play a crucial role in “danger” recognition and induction of the innate immune response against bacterial and viral infections. TLR3 has emerged as a key sensor of viral dsRNA, resulting in the induction of the anti-viral molecule, IFN-β. Thus, a clearer understanding of the biological processes that modulate TLR3 signaling is essential. Previous studies have shown that the TLR adaptor, Mal/TIRAP, an activator of TLR4, inhibits TLR3-mediated IFN-β induction through a mechanism involving IRF7. In this study, we sought to investigate whether the TLR adaptor, MyD88, an activator of all TLRs except TLR3, has the ability to modulate TLR3 signaling. Although MyD88 does not significantly affect TLR3 ligand-induced TNF-α induction, MyD88 negatively regulates TLR3-, but not TLR4-, mediated IFN-β and RANTES production; this process is mechanistically distinct from that employed by Mal/TIRAP. We show that MyD88 inhibits IKKε-, but not TBK1-, induced activation of IRF3. In doing so, MyD88 curtails TLR3 ligand-induced IFN-β induction. The present study shows that while MyD88 activates all TLRs except TLR3, MyD88 also functions as a negative regulator of TLR3. Thus, MyD88 is essential in restricting TLR3 signaling, thereby protecting the host from unwanted immunopathologies associated with the excessive production of IFN-β. Our study offers a new role for MyD88 in restricting TLR3 signaling through a hitherto unknown mechanism whereby MyD88 specifically impairs IKKε-mediated induction of IRF3 and concomitant IFN-β and RANTES production.
SLAP Deficiency Enhances Number and Function of Regulatory T Cells Preventing Chronic Autoimmune Arthritis in SKG Mice
Authors: Peterson Lisa K. , Shaw Laura A. , Joetham Anthony , Sakaguchi Shimon , Gelfand Erwin W. , Dragone Leonard L.
Published: January 2011

To test if manipulating TCR complex-mediated signaling (TCR signaling) could treat autoimmune disease, we generated the double SKG Src-like adapter protein (SLAP) knockout (DSSKO) mouse model. The SKG mutation in ZAP70 and SLAP have opposing functions on the regulation of TCR signaling. The combination of these two mutations alters TCR signaling in the context of a defined genetic background, uniform environmental conditions, and a well-characterized signaling disruption. In contrast to SKG mice, DSSKO mice do not develop zymosan-induced chronic autoimmune arthritis. This arthritis prevention is not due to significant alterations in thymocyte development or repertoire selection but instead enhanced numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and decreased numbers of Th17 cells skewing the ratio of Tregs to autoreactive effector T cells. Treg depletion and/or functional blockade led to the development of arthritis in DSSKO mice. In vitro suppression of effector T cell proliferation was also enhanced, demonstrating that DSSKO mice have increased numbers of Tregs with increased function. Understanding how TCR signals influence development, expansion, and function of Tregs in DSSKO mice could advance our ability to manipulate Treg biology to treat ultimately autoimmune disease.
PCR-Based Identification and Characterization of Fusarium sp. Associated with Mango Malformation
Authors: Arif M. , Pani D. R. , Zaidi N. W. , Singh U. S.
Published: January 2011

Mango malformation is the most serious disease of mango causing considerable damage to the mango orchards worldwide. It is a major threat for mango cultivation in north Indian belt. In recent years, Fusarium sp. is finding wide acceptability in scientific community as a causal agent of this disease. However, little information is known about the variability in Fusarium isolates from malformed mango tissues. Therefore, the major objective of present study was the identification and analysis of genetic diversity among Fusarium isolates collected from malformed mango tissues. Two texon selective primers, ITS-Fu-f and ITS-Fu-r, were used for quick identification of Fusarium spp. The fungal genomic DNA was extracted from using CTAB method and was utilized as template for PCR amplification. Total 224 bands were amplified by 18 RAPD primers at an average of 12.44 bands per primer. The size of the obtained amplicons ranged from 0.264 kb (minimum) to 3.624 kb (maximum). Data scored from 25 isolates of Fusarium sp. with 18 RAPD primers were used to generate similarity coefficients. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.17 to 0.945. Based on DNA fingerprints, all isolates were categorized into two major clusters. This study indicated a wide variability among different isolates of Fusarium.
Pathophysiology of Resistant Hypertension: The Role of Sympathetic Nervous System
Authors: Tsioufis Costas , Kordalis Athanasios , Flessas Dimitris , Anastasopoulos Ioannis , Tsiachris Dimitris , Papademetriou Vasilios , Stefanadis Christodoulos
Published: January 2011

Resistant hypertension (RH) is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Among the characteristics of patients with RH, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and aldosterone excess are covering a great area of the mosaic of RH phenotype. Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity is present in all these underlying conditions, supporting its crucial role in the pathophysiology of antihypertensive treatment resistance. Current clinical and experimental knowledge points towards an impact of several factors on SNS activation, namely, insulin resistance, adipokines, endothelial dysfunction, cyclic intermittent hypoxaemia, aldosterone effects on central nervous system, chemoreceptors, and baroreceptors dysregulation. The further investigation and understanding of the mechanisms leading to SNS activation could reveal novel therapeutic targets and expand our treatment options in the challenging management of RH.
Sympathetic Renal Innervation and Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Campese Vito M. , Ku Elaine , Park Jeanie
Published: January 2011

Hypertension in chronic renal disease and renovascular disease is often resistant to therapy. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for hypertension in these conditions may lead to improved and more targeted therapeutic interventions. Several factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension associated with renal disease and/or renal failure. Although the role of sodium retention, total body volume expansion, and hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are well recognized, increasing evidence suggests that afferent impulses from the injured kidney may increase sympathetic nervous system activity in areas of the brain involved in noradrenergic regulation of blood pressure and contribute to the development and maintenance of hypertension associated with kidney disease. Recognition of this important pathogenic factor suggests that antiadrenergic drugs should be an essential component to the management of hypertension in patients with kidney disease, particularly those who are resistant to other modalities of therapy.
Canadian Groundwater Inventory: regional hydrogeological characterization of the south-central part of the Maritimes Basin
Authors: Rivard C , Michaud Y , Deblonde C , Boisvert V , Carrier C , Morin R
H , Calvert T , Vigneault H , Conohan D , Castonguay S , Lefebvre R , Rivera A , Parent M
Published: January 2011

The Maritimes Groundwater Initiative (MGWI) is a large, integrated, regional hydrogeological study focusing on a representative area of the Maritimes Basin in eastern Canada. The study area covers a land surface of 10 500 km2, of which 9 400 km2 are underlain by
sedimentary rocks. This sedimentary bedrock is composed of a sequence of discontinuous strata of highly variable hydraulic properties, and is generally overlain by a thin layer of glacial till (mostly 4-8 m, but can reach 20mthick). Depending on the area, 46 to 100% of the population relies on
groundwater for water supply, either from municipal wells or from private residential wells. The main objectives of this project were to improve the general understanding of groundwater-flow dynamics and to provide baseline information and tools for a regional groundwater-resource assessment. This
bulletin presents the current state of understanding of this hydrogeological system, along with the methodology used to characterize and analyze its distinct behaviour at three different scales.
This regional bedrock aquifer system contains confined and unconfined zones, and each of its lenticular permeable strata extends only a few kilometres. Preferential groundwater recharge occurs where sandy till is present. The mean annual recharge rate to the bedrock is estimated to range between 130
and 165 mm/a. Several geological formations of this basin provide good aquifers, with hydraulic conductivity in the range 5 x 10-6 to 10-4 m/s. Based on results of numerical flow modelling, faults were interpreted to have a key role in the regional flow. Pumping-test results revealed that the
fractured aquifers can locally be very heterogeneous and anisotropic, but behave similarly to porous media. Work performed at the local scale indicated that most water-producing fractures seem to be subhorizontal and generally oriented in a northeasterly direction, in agreement with regional
structures and pumping-test results. Almost all residential wells are shallow (about 20 m) open holes that are cased only through the surficial sediments.
Sphalerite and kimberlite indicator minerals in till from the Zama Lake region, northwest Alberta (NTS 84L and 84M)
Authors: Plouffe A , Paulen R C , Smith I
R , Kjarsgaard I M
Published: January 2011

This report presents the results and interpretations of the heavy mineral assemblages and pebble lithologies of 19 bulk till samples collected in northwest Alberta, from the region of a sphalerite dispersal train originally reported by Plouffe et al. (2006a).
Indurated pebbles in the 4-8 mm sized fraction of till dominantly consist of distally-derived bedrock lithologies: Canadian Shield rocks, Paleozoic carbonates, and quartzite. Three till samples contain mineralized clasts with visible pyrite and marcasite. Kimberlite indicator minerals (KIMs) in
till, including Cr-pyrope, Cr-diopside and chromite are present in trace amounts (1 to 2 grains) in nine samples. Although the KIM counts are low, the samples with KIMs do cluster in the Zama Lake - Zama City area. The source, proximal or distal, is unknown and remains to be identified. Seven out of
the 19 till samples contain sand-sized sphalerite grains, with the strongest anomaly consisting of 989 sphalerite grains recovered from a 34 kg till sample. The sphalerite is dominantly in the 0.25 to 0.5 mm fraction (900 grains) with smaller amounts (89 grains) in the 0.5 to 1.0 mm size range. The
new data indicate that the sphalerite dispersal train first identified by Plouffe et al. (2006a) could cover an area of over 4000 km2. The bedrock source(s) of the sphalerite in till remains to be discovered.
Subsidence and relative sea level rise in the Fraser River delta, Greater Vancouver, British Columbia, from combined geodetic data
Authors: Lambert A , Mazzotti S , van der Kooij M , Mainville A
Published: January 2011

We use two independent methods to map the spatial variations in vertical motion of the land surface in the Greater Vancouver Regional District: 1) first-order geodetic levelling in 1958/1959 and 1977, and 2) satellite-based Coherent-Target-Monitoring
Interferometric-Synthetic-Aperture RADAR (CTM-InSAR) over the period 1992-1999. The first-order geodetic levelling involves over 60 benchmarks and the CTM-InSAR over 300,000 ground targets. Vertical velocities at five permanent Global Positioning System sites, together with 37 other sites in British
Columbia and Washington, are used to align the levelling and CTMInSAR results to the ITRF2000 global reference frame. The combined analysis shows an average subsidence rate in the Holocene delta (Richmond and Delta municipalities) of 1-2 mm/yr compared to uplift of 0-1 mm/yr in the Pleistocene
Highlands (Vancouver, Burnaby, Surrey, Tsawwassen Heights). Areas of subsidence coincide with recent (post-glacial) Fraser River Delta sedimentation but there is no significant correlation with known variations in sediment thickness. Localized rapid subsidence areas (> 4 mm/yr) appear to
be associated with sites of relatively recent construction. The BC Ferries Terminal at Tsawwassen, for which historical levelling data and CTM-InSAR are available, exhibits subsidence rates that have diminished from 15 mm/yr in the 1960's and 1970's to 3 mm/yr in the 1990's. More work is needed to
determine the effects of the age and size of engineering structures on the observed vertical velocities. The land subsidence map is tied to regional sea level using a
subset of collocated tide gauges and GPS stations. This analysis points to a regional Northeast Pacific sea-level rise of 1.8 mm/yr over the 20th century. In contrast, the local tide gauges at Point Atkinson and Vancouver show a low regional sea-level rise of 0.3 mm/yr when combined with our
geodetic results. We conclude that the two local gauges are problematic and should not be used for sea-level rise analysis, unless a physical reason for the low rates can be found. Based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change global
predictions, we estimate a future relative sea-level rise (sea-level increase + subsidence) by 2100 of 40-70 cm for most of the Fraser River Delta, and possibly as much as 130 cm in areas that are subsiding rapidly.
Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigraphy on the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, Northwest Territories
Authors: Dixon J , McNeil D H
Published: January 2011

Improved biostratigraphy and a better understanding of the regional geology of the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin allows for an improved understanding of the Upper Cretaceous to Tertiary geology of the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula. Early work tended to group large packages
of sedimentary rock into undivided units, although some units, such as the Smoking Hills Formation, were commonly identified. Physical correlations from 90 wells integrated with biostratigraphic data from 32 wells has led to the identification of the following transgressive-regressive sequences
and associated foraminiferal biozones: Boundary Creek (barren of foraminifera), Smoking Hills (Spiroplectammina spirocompressa Zone), Mason River (Haplophragmoides bilobatus Zone), Fish River (Convallina caverna Zone), Aklak (Reticulophragmium boreale Zone and an informal upper Aklak assemblage
zone), and Iperk (unzoned terrestrial and reworked microfossils). Boundary Creek strata are identified primarily by physical correlations, but with some confirmation from limited palynological data. Iperk strata include some Quaternary beds because of the difficulty of separating these units in
subsurface data.

The Upper Paleocene to lowest Eocene Aklak Sequence is the most widespread unit and it rests erosionally on a variety of older units. Aklak strata contain the only hydrocarbons found in Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary strata of the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula - in delta-front sandstone of the middle to
upper part of the Aklak Sequence. Boundary Creek and Smoking Hills strata are organic-rich and are known source rocks for some of the oil discoveries on the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula and Mackenzie Delta.
Permafrost and terrain research and monitoring sites of the Norman Wells to Zama pipeline - thermal data collection and case histories, April 1985 to September 2001
Authors: Smith S L , Burgess M M , Riseborough D W , Chartrand J
Published: January 2011

The Norman Wells to Zama pipeline, located in northwestern Canada, is the first buried oil pipeline in the permafrost zone in Canada. During its construction in 1984-1985, the Canadian government and Enbridge Pipelines (NW) Inc. (formerly Interprovincial Pipe
Line Ltd.) collaborated in the establishment of a permafrost thermal monitoring program consisting of more than 20 long-term thermal monitoring sites along the pipeline corridor. This contributed to a larger Permafrost and Terrain Research and Monitoring Program established to improve impact
evaluation and mitigation on the Norman Wells and future pipelines. The thermal monitoring study was designed to investigate the impact of the pipeline construction and operation on permafrost and terrain conditions and to evaluate the approaches used to minimize terrain disturbance. The project
focuses on 23 main monitoring sites (referred to as thermal fences) in representative terrain conditions encountered as the pipeline traverses the discontinuous permafrost zone. Multi-thermistor cables were installed both on and off the pipeline right-of-way to measure temperatures to depths of up
to 20 metres. Observations of thaw depth and thaw settlement are also recorded in addition to ground temperatures. This CD presents the thermal data collected between 1984 and 2001 as well as a software program that will provide access to the data. Case histories for each monitoring site are also
presented which include summaries of the trends in thermal conditions, thaw depth and thaw settlement. A synthesis is also presented which summarizes the trends in these conditions for each major terrain group.
Compilation of lithogeochemistry - Abitibi greenstone belt - Ontario portion
Authors: Hillary E M , Grunsky E C , Adcock S W
Published: January 2011

The Ontario Geological Survey (OGS) has collected and analysed thousands of rock samples in the Abitibi area over the past 50 years. The field samples were analysed using a wide range of sample preparation and analytical methods. The resulting data were managed
and catalogued in an ad hoc manner, often without the metadata that provide the necessary context for interpretation and data integration requirements. Over time, this resulted in confusion and the loss of essential information for effective geochemical data interpretation and archival purposes.

This CD presents an Access database that compiles the data from OGS's Lithogeochemistry database (LGC, accessible from http://www.mndm.gov.on.ca/mndm/mines/geologyontario/default_e.asp, which was formerly the PETROCH database of Haus and Pauk, 1993) and 3 more recent MRDs (Miscellaneous Release
Data, listed below) in a single database (Abitibi_geochem.mdb). A simpler version of this database, extracted as flat files with location and analytical results (Excel files), is also included.

The Access database is presented in ArcGIS format with a detailed geology basemap from Ayer et al, 2004, as well as a regional geology basemap for the periphery of the Abitibi area, modified from Hulbert and Vaillancourt, 2002.

Access Database Model
In order to better manage the data, a strategy was adopted that focused on the development of a single model for storing geochemical data. The model is based on a conventional relational database model system (RDBMS). The core of the model consists of 10 tables which contain entities that are
clearly recognizable by a geochemist (surveys, sites, samples...). The core tables are supported by about 60 peripheral tables. Look-up tables contain unique lists of identifiers for sample type, method of preparation, size fraction, and other characteristic properties for any given survey. The
look-up tables define a consistent scientific terminology for describing geochemical surveys. Derived tables contain "flat file" views of the data that are used by other processes, such as internet map servers, which require information for viewing geochemical data in a geographic context as well
as simple views of the analytical results for visual browsing by geochemists.
The model has been implemented on several relational database management systems, including MS Access, SQL Server and Oracle. It is fully compatible with the metadata standard adopted by the Canadian Geoscience Knowledge Network.
To date, the model has been used primarily for storing high-level metadata about geochemical surveys (publicly accessible via http://gdr.nrcan.gc.ca/geochem ). Several initiatives are currently underway, including the Abitibi bedrock geochemistry compilation, to test the model using large amounts
of legacy geochemical analytical data. For additional information on the model, contact Steve Adcock at the GSC (adcock@nrcan.gc.ca ).
Till geochemistry from archived samples collected over the La Ronge and Rottenstone domains, central Saskatchewan
Authors: McMartin I , Campbell J E , Dredge L A
Published: January 2011

As part of the TGI-3 Flin Flon Project in Manitoba-Saskatchewan (2006-2010), archived till samples collected by the Saskatchewan Research Council in the La Ronge and Rottenstone domains in Saskatchewan were analyzed for geochemistry. Selected samples were
analyzed for texture. The data presented here also include unpublished geochemical analyses of B-horizon soil samples collected in the same area ("Project 20" data). This web-release accompanies Saskatchewan Ministry of Energy and Resources Open File 2008-1, to be released April 1st, 2008. The
report will also be released as GSC Open File Report 5799 on May 1st, 2008.

Analytical Results (MS Excel files):
Appendix 01. Sample locations and descriptions
Appendix 02. Till geochemistry, <0.063 mm, ICP-AES, partial digestion
Appendix 03. Till geochemistry, <0.063 mm, ICP-AES, total digestion
Appendix 04. Sand-silt-clay distribution
Appendix 05. "Project 20" data for B-horizon soil samples

Analytical Methods (MS Word file):
Methodology. Description of analytical methods and QA/QC analysis

If you have any questions, feel free to contact Isabelle McMartin at the Geological Survey of Canada (613-996-8492 or imcmarti@nrcan.gc.ca) or Janet Campbell at Saskatchewan Ministry of Energy and Resources (306-787-7075 or jcampbell@ir.gov.sk.ca).
Surficial geology, Pesh Creek, British Columbia
Authors: Bednarski J M
Published: January 2011

The surficial geology of the Pesh Creek (NTS 94 P/8) map area is dominated by the effects of continental glaciation during the Late Wisconsinan (ca. 25 000-10 000 years ago). In general the ice sheet advanced from the northeast and occupied the broad Shekilie
River valley, but at some point, the ice flowed westward across the valley and onto the Etsho Plateau, which borders the western part of the map area. The Shekilie River valley lies about 250 m below the plateau. During deglaciation, when the ice sheet thinned and separated into
topographically-controlled lobes, an ice margin within the Shekilie River valley migrated southward and dammed a proglacial lake in the process. This lake migrated southward with the ice margin and eventually merged into glacial Lake Hay. Shekilie River valley is underlain by Cretaceous shale,
clayey till and fine glaciolacustrine sediments, which are all poorly drained, and thick organic sediments accumulated over most of the area. Currently, extensive muskeg forms hummocky peatlands which are probably underlain by permafrost and significant amounts of ground
ice.
Geological and geochemical data from the Canadian Arctic Islands. Part VIII: Saturate fraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data for organic extracts
Authors: Obermajer M , Dewing K , Fowler M G
Published: January 2011

Digital files of saturate fraction mass chromatograms of organic extracts from 77 rock samples from the Canadian Arctic Islands are presented. Each sample is assigned to a stratigraphic unit. The significance of the data is not discussed
here.
Surficial geology, Conn Lake (northwest), Baffin Island, Nunavut
Authors: Utting D J , Huscroft C A
Published: January 2011

The surficial materials in the northwest portion of the Conn Lake map area relate to glaciation and include deglacial landforms and deposits. The upland areas are predominantly exposed bedrock and till. Some of the till deposits have large permafrost polygons.
The valleys are dominated by deglacial features, such as meltwater channels and ice dammed lake deposits. The Isortoq River valley contained a large glacial lake that formed along a retreating paleo-Barnes Ice Cap margin. The retreating margin formed hundreds of De Geer (or cross-valley) moraines
that dominate the geomorphology of the valley. Some small glaciers still exist in the map area; the extent of their recent retreat is evident from their margins mapped from aerial photographs (ca. 1958) and Landsat imagery (ca. 2000).
Surficial deposits, landforms, glacial history, and reconnaissance drift sampling in the Trout Lake map area, Northwest Territories
Authors: Huntley D , Mills A , Paulen R
Published: January 2011

The Geological Survey of Canada is compiling an inventory of terrain, landforms, and geomorphic processes for the Mackenzie Valley transportation corridor, including parts of the Sambaa K'e Candidate Protected Area centred on the Trout Lake map area (NTS 95 A).
This article presents a preliminary interpretation of surficial geology from airphotos, field data, shothole records, and digital elevation models in an attempt to better understand the range of subglacial processes, the patterns of ice flow, and the deglacial history and associated sedimentary
environments. Our work is providing government agencies, industry, and the public access to reliable geoscience information on surficial earth materials and geomorphic processes such as landslide hazards, and to data required for the assessment of protected areas and regional mineral and aggregate
potential. Possible outcomes of this work include the attraction of new investment and the reduction of risks for exploration and development of natural resources in the Northwest Territories.
Palynodata Datafile: 2006 version
Authors: White J M ,   Palynodata Inc.
Published: January 2011

Geological Survey Of Canada Open File 5793 releases to the public the formerly private database, Palynodata. This database indexes occurrences of 122,422 species of palynomorphs from 22,152 documents of global palynological literature. This database has been
compiled since 1974 by Palynodata Inc., a consortium of oil and gas companies and scientific institutions, building on the files of Kremp Palynological Computer Research Project. Previously, access to the database was restricted to subscribers supporting the Palynodata consortium. Palynodata Inc.
has dissolved and the copyright to the database was transfered to Canada in 2007. The last literature entered into the Palynodata database was in 2006. The Geological Survey of Canada will not update the literature in the database.
Bedrock geology, Strand Fiord-Expedition Fiord area, western Axel Heiberg Island, northern Nunavut (parts of NTS 59E, F, G, and H)
Authors: Harrison J C , Jackson M P
Published: January 2011

Axel Heiberg Island (Nunavut Territory) contains the thickest Mesozoic section in the Sverdrup Basin, and the ~370-km-long island is second only to Iran in the number and concentration of exposed evaporite diapirs. However, local geology and tectonic history
have hardly been studied. The polar desert provides excellent exposure of 46 diapirs of Carboniferous evaporites and associated minibasins. Paleogene (Eurekan) sinusoidal and box-fold anticlines trend roughly north on a regular ~20-km wavelength, and probably detach on autochthonous
Carboniferous Otto Fiord evaporites. In contrast, a 60-km-wide area, known as the wall-and-basin structure (WABS) province, has a characteristic wavelength of <10 km, irregular fold spacing, and bimodal fold trends. Crooked walls of diapiric anhydrite crop out in the cores of tight
anticlines. Wider, open synclinal minibasins separate the diapir walls. We interpret the WABS province to detach on a shallow evaporite canopy. The only other known exposed evaporite canopy is in the Great Kavir of Iran.
The WABS evaporite canopy comprises an allochthonous coalescence of evaporite diapirs that spread during the Hauterivian (mid-Cretaceous, ~130 Ma), close to the onset of sea floor spreading in Canada Basin and plume-related flood basalt volcanism associated with Alpha Ridge. Since then, the
canopy has yielded second-generation diapirs, now exhumed and exposed by modest late Paleocene-Eocene shortening (Eurekan Orogeny). Local strata record minibasin evolution and diapirism since at least the Late Triassic. Diapir-flanking angular unconformities, involving proven reservoir sandstones,
are present at four stratigraphic levels between the Jurassic and Paleocene. Most significant and widespread is the mid-Cretaceous event marking the time of canopy emplacement and spreading. Outcrops record the later fate of the canopy, including its subaerial exposure, onlap of diapiric evaporite,
and off-diapir debris flows. Extensional tectonics evidently had a significant influence in the region from mid-Early Cretaceous (~125 Ma) to the mid-Late Cretaceous (~90 Ma) as indicated by diabase dyke swarms emplaced in several directions, extrusive basalt, and sills in most Mesozoic
strata but especially common in the vicinity of some diapirs. A record of hyperactive fluid circulation includes fossil tufa deposits, migrated hydrocarbons, and metal sulphide deposits in diapir aureoles. Saline springs, recently-formed subaerial debris flows and geomorphically unstable diapir
relief indicate that the evaporite canopy on western Axel Heiberg Island remains a geologically dynamic feature of the central Sverdrup Basin.
Macrofossil reports from core MUS1, Muskrat Bay, lower French River area, and core DPN2, Depensier Lake,
North Bay, Ontario
Authors: Telka A M , Brooks G R
Published: January 2011

Organic-rich beds within the 4.68 to 4.71 and 5.17 to 5.19 m depth intervals of core MUS1 from Muskrat Bay, French River area, Ontario, and the 0.72 to 0.76 m depth interval of core DPN2, from Depensier Lake, North Bay, Ontario, have been examined for
macrofossils by Paleotec Services, Ottawa. The resulting macrofossil assemblages are summarized in macrofossil reports 23-08, 04-05 and 24-08 which are presented within this Open File Report. These reports contain: background data on the examined sample; a listing the macrofossil content with an
indication of relative abundance and notes on the specific remains; and text summarizing the macrofossil assemblage, key macrofossil remains and growing environment, and the interpreted environmental context of the assemblage. The macrofossil assemblages reported here have been used by other
scientific papers in support of interpretations that the Huron-Georgian basins were hydrologically closed between 9.0 to 8.4 and 9.5 to 9.3 ka cal BP.
Detrital zircons as provenance indicators in the Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Scotian Basin, eastern Canada: a SEM-CL study of textures
Authors: Triantafyllidis S , Pe-Piper G , Yang X , Hillier C
Published: January 2011

In this project, detrital zircons from the Lower Cretaceous sandstones form the Scotian basin were studied. The backscattered electron and cathodoluminescent characteristics of detrital zircons were used as provenance indicators to help provide evidence for or
against the paleogeographic models proposed by Pe-Piper and MacKay (2006 and Pe-Piper et al. (2007). A second objective was to complete a regional study of zircons from the on-land Chaswood Formation (Noftall, 2007). The zircon grains came from sandstone samples collected from conventional cores
from the wells Alma K-85, Thebaud C-74, Glenelg N-49, Venture 1 and 4, Peskowesk A-99 and Dauntless D-35, and heavy mineral separates of cutting samples from the Fox I-22 and Crow F-52 wells. A sample from the upper part of the Chaswood Formation from Diogenes Brook, western Cape Breton Island, was
also studied to complete a regional study of the on-land Chaswood Formation.
The zircons were classified in three distinct groups: igneous first cycle, metamorphic first cycle, and polycyclic zircons. The igneous first cycle grains were further subdivided into six different subgroups based on a series of criteria.
The Alma K-85, Thebaud C-74, Glenelg N-49 and Venture 1 and 4 wells cover geographically the central part of the basin. The western (Alma K-85 and Glenelg N-49) wells, and the eastern (Venture 1 and 4) wells have different zircon assemblages and were therefore supplied by two different sediment
types, resulting in the differences in the zircon populations observed. The Lower Missisauga zircon population of the Thebaud C-74 well is dominated by polycyclic zircons and this is a unique feature for the central part of the Scotian Basin.
Zircons from Peskowesk A-99 show minor stratigraphic differences, but have persistent differences from the same stratigraphic level in the central part of the basin, indicating variability in sediment sources. Fresh igneous zircons dominate in the Missisauga Formation of the Dauntless D-35 well, and
the participation of polycyclic and metamorphic zircons is small. The differences between the Upper Missisauga Formation in Dauntless D-35 and Peskowesk A-99 are sufficiently large to suggest a different sediment source.
For Diogenes Brook, fresh igneous zircons dominate in the upper part of the Chawood Formation and the participation of polycyclic zircons is small. This is consistent with other Chaswood Formation localities, arguing for progressive unroofing of crystalline basement.
Such a study is particularly useful for assessing the role of polycyclic sediment supply and a useful precursor to more expensive single grain zircon dating.