bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytosociology of the Herbaceous Flora of University of Ibadan Oil Palm Plantation, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Olubode Oluseun S.
Published: July 2023

Plantation agriculture perturbs native flora of ecosystems. This impacts vegetation biodiversity, through species invasion and shift in weeds population dynamics. Oil palm plantations are common in tropical landscapes, and can cause long-term floristic changes. There is paucity of knowledge on inventory and potential impacts of the plantation on community structure of plants. This study investigated herbaceous flora diversity and phytosociology as indicators of  appropriateness of management strategy in the University of Ibadan oil palm plantation. The study site is located in a lowland rainforest at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria on 07°27`253`N latitude and longitude 03°53`427`E. A systematic sampling was employed to enumerate herbaceous flora of a hectare mega plot. The hectare was laid along 100 m transects at 10 m intervals, with 10 m separating each transect. Each transect was laid to cut across middle of 9 m x 9 m x 9 m plant spacing for oil palm. Data were collected on species composition, frequency and density for determination of relative importance value (RIV), species diversity, ordination and classification. The plantation consisted of 32 herbaceous  species in 15 plant families. Commelina erecta had the highest RIV (12.621) while Alchornea cordifolia had the least (RIV=0.288). Diversity indices indicated high species richness (Simpson Index = 0.909) among enumerated species and species co-dominance (D = 0.091) Ordination biplots indicated three distinct vegetation structures (Secondary, wetland, dryland/fallow). Classification model showed Commelina erecta had widest coverage of 92% in distribution at the site followed by Commelina benghalensis at 88%. The Oil palm plantation is heterogeneous in species composition, and was not detrimentally invaded. Weeding regimes and other agronomic practices in the plantation should be ecologically integrated to conserve its native vegetation.
Economic Analysis of Production and Processing of Cluster Bean in Southern Haryana: A Review
Authors: Bajwan Aarti , Singh Gulab , Walia Indu , Bishnoi Raveena , Kumar Ajay
Published: July 2023

The present study was carried out with the objectives to work out costs and returns in cultivation of cluster bean, to study the economics of cluster bean processing units and to identify various constraints faced by farmers and processers in production and processing of cluster bean in Southern Haryana. The   study was based on primary data. A total of 80 farmers were interviewed to gather all the desired information. The per hectare cost of cluster bean cultivation was found to be ₹40241 and ₹44553 in Bhiwani and Mahendargarh district, respectively. On an average, the per hectare gross and net returns obtained from the cultivation of cluster bean in Bhiwani district were ₹49002 and ₹8758. The corresponding figures for Mahendargarh district were worked out to be ₹52732 and ₹8178, respectively. The B:C ratio for cluster bean cultivation was worked out to be 1.21 for Bhiwani & 1.18 for Mahendargarh district. On an average total cost of processing guar into guar gum was worked out to be ₹6408.78 per quintal of output. Cluster bean processing plants incurred a profit of ₹204 per quintal on average basis during the year 2020-21 with gross and net returns of ₹6484.42 lakh and ₹200.35 lakh, respectively. The B:C ratio was worked out to be 1.03 for processing units of cluster bean in Southern Haryana. The results of a survey conducted to learn about the problems faced by farmers in the production and by processors in the processing of cluster bean revealed that weeds, high labor costs, high plant protection chemical costs, disease, aphids in the crop, scarcity of labor, and a lack of quality seeds and improved varieties were the major constraints faced by farmers in the production of cluster bean in the study area. Huge fuel costs, huge losses during transportation from field to factory Power shortages, under-utilization of existing capacity, excessive sales taxes, and a lack of government price policies were the major obstacles that processors faced in the processing of cluster bean seeds in the study area.
Documentation of Medicinal plants of Moist Deciduous Forest of Amarkantak Region, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Vishwakarma Satya Prakash , Prajapati R. K. , Dubey Yogesh , Bodalkar Sarita , Nayak Amit Prakash
Published: July 2023

The present investigation carried out on “Documentation of Medicinal plants of Moist Deciduous Forest of Amarkantak Region, Madhya Pradesh”. The study was conducted in Anuppur forest division during 2021-2022. The current investigation is focused on the medicinal plants that may be found in the Amarkantak region. The documentation of medicinal plant was carried out through stratified random sampling method. In this area, documentation of many types of vegetation (trees, shrubs, and herbs) has been documented. A total 66 plants were collected from different parts of the study area; those include 28 speciesof tree, 10 species of shrub and 28 species of herb. The documented plant species consists of 28 families of 23 genera of tree, 10 families of 10 genera of shrub and 28 families of 28genera of herb. Floristic composition and most dominant families were found highest for Fabaceae followed by Malvaceae, Moraceae, Phyllanthaceae etc. Documentation of medicinal plants is the only method to ensure that future generations can access the essential information required to use plant resources. Traditional medicine and ethno-botanical knowledge can preserve cultural practices and the environment, promote local health care, and create new medicinal products. Result show that most of the plants studied are effective against various illnesses, alone or mixed with other plants. Therefore, it is recommended that strategies be implemented to preserve and protect significant species from growing extinct in their native habitat.
Case Series on Post Renal Transplant Fungal Infections of the Lung
Authors: R. K. Chopra  , Pratap Ganesh , Nakarani Rushita D. , Gupta Saumya
Published: July 2023

Invasive fungal infections are a significant concern for solid organ transplant (SOT) patients, especially those who have undergone small bowel or lung transplants. Renal transplant recipients commonly develop fungal infections like candidiasis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis, contributing to post-transplant infections. This case series presents three cases of pulmonary fungal infections after renal transplantation: cryptococcosis, mucormycosis, and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The objective is to highlight challenges in diagnosing and managing invasive fungal infections in SOT recipients, emphasizing early diagnosis, timely treatment initiation, and optimized antifungal drug pharmacokinetics for successful outcomes.

Aims and Objectives: Include emphasizing the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment, optimizing antifungal drug pharmacokinetics, and highlighting the need for intensive antifungal therapy in SOT patients with fungal infections.

Methods: The cases involve comprehensive clinical information, diagnostic procedures (imaging, endoscopy, biopsies, microscopy, culture, and serologic testing), and treatment approaches. Antifungal therapy was promptly initiated, even without laboratory confirmation, to ensure timely treatment. Antifungal drug pharmacokinetics were optimized to minimize nephrotoxicity in SOT patients.

Results: Case 1 describes a middle-aged obese woman with respiratory symptoms diagnosed with cryptococcosis. Case 2 presents a young male kidney transplant recipient with mucormycosis. Case 3 involves a male patient with cough and hemoptysis diagnosed with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. All cases received appropriate antifungal therapy, leading to symptom resolution and radiological improvement, although some patients had persistent radiological opacities.

Discussion: Diagnosing invasive fungal infections in transplant patients remains challenging, relying on clinical presentation and supportive diagnostic procedures. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving antifungal therapy, surgical intervention (if applicable), and control of predisposing factors. Primary treatments included liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole, considering combination therapy and newer antifungal agents. Early detection and prompt treatment initiation are crucial to reduce mortality rates, especially in disseminated disease.

Conclusion: Invasive fungal infections present significant challenges in solid organ transplant recipients. Despite advancements in diagnostics and antifungal therapies, mortality and graft loss rates remain high, particularly in disseminated disease cases. Future research should integrate data from various sources to enhance understanding of fungal pathogenesis, host immune responses, and pharmacological aspects, aiming to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies for fungal infections in transplant recipients.
Detection of unexpected aortic aneurysms by using computed tomography in emergency department: A retrospective analysis of more than 10.000 patients
Authors: Sevil Hulya , Sevil Fehim Can , Tort Mehmet , Aksu Ugur , Gokaslan Cigdem Ozer , Ozdinc Serife , Becit Necip
Published: July 2023

Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of aortic aneurysms (AA) on computed tomography (CT) in the emergency department. Material and Methods: A total of 10219 CT images were retrospectively analyzed (7610 thoracic, 6148 abdominal CT). A thoracic aortic diameter greater than 50 mm, an abdominal aortic diameter greater than 30 mm, or an aortic diameter greater than 50% of normal were considered AA. The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with thoracic AA (TAA) and abdominal AA (AAA) were compared to those without AA. Results: TAA was found in 990 (13%) of 7610 patients who had thoracic CT, while AAA was found in 66 (1.07%) of 6148 patients who had abdominal CT. In aneurysm groups, advanced age (p<0.001), male gender (p<0.001), aortic calcification (p<0.001), hyperlipidemia (p<0.001), coronary artery disease (p<0.001), hypertension (p<0.001), and diabetes mellitus (p<0.001) were more common and significantly different. Smoking was observed more frequently in the group with aneurysms (p<0.001). Among the groups, hospital mortality was higher in the aneurysm group (p<0.001). Surgery was recommended in 30 (3%) of TAA patients whose aortic diameter was greater than 55 mm; however, surgery could be performed in 20 (2%) of these patients. Surgery was recommended for 16 (24%) of AAA patients, but surgery could be performed only in 12 of them (18%). Conclusion: Attention to aortic pathologies, particularly AA, in patients undergoing radiological imaging in the emergency department for various reasons allows for the early detection of asymptomatic but potentially fatal aneurysms.
Frontmatter (Front Cover, Editorial Team, Indexing, and Table of Contents)
Authors: Istadi Istadi
Published: July 2023

Frontmatter (Front Cover, Editorial Team, Indexing, and Table of Contents)
Tutorial R para Aplicação da Análise de Redes: Estudo de Caso do Medo da Covid-19
Authors: Tejada Julian , Ferreira Diogo C. S. , Lisboa Walter , Faro André
Published: July 2023

Resumo A análise de redes é um método de pesquisa que parte da premissa de que os construtos psicológicos são analisados como uma rede de eventos comportamentais que se infl uenciam mutuamente, e que vem sendo utilizada de maneira crescente no campo da psicopatologia, em especial para o estudo de transtornos psicológicos. Na pandemia, um importante construto preditor de desfechos psicológicos e psiquiátricos foi o medo da Covid-19, que se manifesta em ações, pensamentos e afetos relacionadas à pandemia, como a possibilidade de infecção, contato com notícias difíceis e perturbação do sono. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi, por meio de um estudo de caso sobre o medo da Covid-19, apresentar a metodologia de análise de rede, seguindo uma estrutura de tutorial e utilizando a linguagem R. O conjunto de dados é constituído pela resposta de 987 pessoas à Escala de Medo da Covid-19 (Fear of Covid-19 Scale, FCV-19S) que foram modelados como uma rede não direcional, que se mostrou estável e apresentou diversas interconexões. A resposta de aceleração do coração ante o pensamento de infecção foi o sintoma mais central e intenso na rede, sendo, portanto, o sinal mais representativo. A comparação entre o local de residência dos participantes mostrou redes semelhantes, o que sugeriu a estabilidade do fenômeno. No entanto, observou-se que o sentimento de ansiedade decorrente do contato com notícias sobre a Covid-19 e as alterações no sono por preocupação com a Covid-19 foram mais relevantes entre os moradores de capitais, o que pode ser explicado pela maior quantidade de casos e mortes nessasegiões. Esperamos que este tutorial sirva como uma introdução para aqueles interessados em análise de redes, e que a disponibilização dos dados e do passo a passo facilite a reprodução dessa análise em outros contextos, contribuindo assim para a promoção da reprodutibilidade da pesquisa. Palavras-chave: Análise de redes, medo, Covid-19, tutorial, psicometria
Disparities in Travel-Related Barriers to Accessing Health Care From the 2017 National Household Travel Survey
Authors: Labban Muhieddine , Chen Chang-Rong , Frego Nicola , Nguyen David-Dan , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Reich Amanda J. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Choueiri Toni K. , Kibel Adam S. , Iyer Hari S. , Trinh Quoc-Dien
Published: July 2023

Importance

Geographic access, including mode of transportation, to health care facilities remains understudied.

Objective

To identify sociodemographic factors associated with public vs private transportation use to access health care and identify the respondent, trip, and community factors associated with longer distance and time traveled for health care visits.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used data from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey, including 16 760 trips or a nationally weighted estimate of 5 550 527 364 trips to seek care in the United States. Households that completed the recruitment and retrieval survey for all members aged 5 years and older were included. Data were analyzed between June and August 2022.

Exposures

Mode of transportation (private vs public transportation) used to seek care.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with public vs private transportation and self-reported distance and travel time. Then, for each income category, an interaction term of race and ethnicity with type of transportation was used to estimate the specific increase in travel burden associated with using public transportation compared a private vehicle for each race category.

Results

The sample included 12 092 households and 15 063 respondents (8500 respondents [56.4%] aged 51-75 years; 8930 [59.3%] females) who had trips for medical care, of whom 1028 respondents (6.9%) were Hispanic, 1164 respondents (7.8%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 11 957 respondents (79.7%) were non-Hispanic White. Factors associated with public transportation use included non-Hispanic Black race (compared with non-Hispanic White: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.54 [95% CI, 1.90-6.61]; P < .001) and household income less than $25 000 (compared with ≥$100 000: aOR, 7.16 [95% CI, 3.50-14.68]; P < .001). The additional travel time associated with use of public transportation compared with private vehicle use varied by race and household income, with non-Hispanic Black respondents with income of $25 000 to $49 999 experiencing higher burden associated with public transportation (mean difference, 81.9 [95% CI, 48.5-115.3] minutes) than non-Hispanic White respondents with similar income (mean difference, 25.5 [95% CI, 17.5-33.5] minutes; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that certain racial, ethnic, and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations rely on public transportation to seek health care and that reducing delays associated with public transportation could improve care for these patients.
Estimated Prevalence and Testing for Albuminuria in US Adults at Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Chu Chi D. , Xia Fang , Du Yuxian , Singh Rakesh , Tuot Delphine S. , Lamprea-Montealegre Julio A. , Gualtieri Ralph , Liao Nick , Kong Sheldon X. , Williamson Todd , Shlipak Michael G. , Estrella Michelle M.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Albuminuria testing is crucial for guiding evidence-based treatments to mitigate chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and cardiovascular morbidity, but it is widely underutilized among persons with or at risk for CKD.

Objective

To estimate the extent of albuminuria underdetection from lack of testing and evaluate its association with CKD treatment in a large US cohort of patients with hypertension or diabetes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study examined adults with hypertension or diabetes, using data from the 2007 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and the Optum deidentified electronic health record (EHR) data set of diverse US health care organizations. Analyses were conducted from October 31, 2022, to May 19, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Using NHANES as a nationally representative sample, a logistic regression model was developed to estimate albuminuria (urine albumin-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g). This model was then applied to active outpatients in the EHR from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018. The prevalence of albuminuria among those with and without albuminuria testing during this period was estimated. A multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between having albuminuria testing and CKD therapies within the subsequent year (prescription for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor [ACEi] or angiotensin II receptor blocker [ARB], prescription for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor [SGLT2i], and blood pressure control to less than 130/80 mm Hg or less than 140/90 mm Hg on the latest outpatient measure).

Results

The total EHR study population included 192 108 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.3 [15.1] years; 185 589 [96.6%] with hypertension; 50 507 [26.2%] with diabetes; mean [SD] eGFR, 84 [21] mL/min/1.73 m2). There were 33 629 patients (17.5%) who had albuminuria testing; of whom 11 525 (34.3%) had albuminuria. Among 158 479 patients who were untested, the estimated albuminuria prevalence rate was 13.4% (n = 21 231). Thus, only 35.2% (11 525 of 32 756) of the projected population with albuminuria had been tested. Albuminuria testing was associated with higher adjusted odds of receiving ACEi or ARB treatment (OR, 2.39 [95% CI, 2.32-2.46]), SGLT2i treatment (OR, 8.22 [95% CI, 7.56-8.94]), and having blood pressure controlled to less than 140/90 mm Hg (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.16-1.23]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of patients with hypertension or diabetes, it was estimated that approximately two-thirds of patients with albuminuria were undetected due to lack of testing. These results suggest that improving detection of CKD with albuminuria testing represents a substantial opportunity to optimize care delivery for reducing CKD progression and cardiovascular complications.
Enzymatic properties and clinical associations of serum alpha‐galactosidase A in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mizutani Yasuaki , Nawashiro Kazuki , Ohdake Reiko , Tatebe Harutsugu , Shima Sayuri , Ueda Akihiro , Yoshimoto Junichiro , Ito Mizuki , Tokuda Takahiko , Mutoh Tatsuro , Watanabe Hirohisa
Published: July 2023

Objective

Recent studies have revealed an association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the enzymatic properties of serum alpha‐galactosidase A (GLA) and compared them with the clinical parameters of PD.

Methods

The study participants consisted of 66 sporadic PD patients and 52 controls. We measured serum GLA activity and calculated the apparent Michaelis constant (Km) and maximal velocity (Vmax) by Lineweaver–Burk plot analysis. Serum GLA protein concentration was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We examined the potential correlations between serum GLA activity and GLA protein concentration and clinical features and the plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) level.

Results

Compared to controls, PD patients showed significantly lower serum GLA activity (P < 0.0001) and apparent Vmax (P = 0.0131), but no change in the apparent Km value. Serum GLA protein concentration was lower in the PD group (P = 0.0168) and was positively associated with GLA activity. Serum GLA activity and GLA protein concentration in the PD group showed a negative correlation with age. Additionally, serum GLA activity was negatively correlated with the motor severity score and the level of plasma NfL, and was positively correlated with the score of frontal assessment battery.

Interpretation

This study highlights that the lower serum GLA activity in PD is the result of a quantitative decrement of GLA protein in the serum and that it may serve as a biomarker of disease severity.
Initial BMI effects on clinical presentation and prognosis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Luo Wenqin , Wang Xiaofei , Kong Lingyao , Chen Hongxi , Shi Ziyan , Zhou Hongyu
Published: July 2023

Objective

To investigate the correlation among body mass index at onset, clinical features, and prognosis in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Method

This retrospective cohort studied patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from January 2015 to January 2022, grouping them by body mass index at onset. Demographics and clinical records were reviewed. Anderson–Gill, Kaplan–Meier, and Cox models evaluated the body mass index's effect on relapse risk and long‐term outcomes.

Results

Of 246 patients with 799 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder attacks study, 36 patients had low, 133 had normal, 77 had high body mass index, with a mean onset age of 40 ± 13 years, and the population was 88% female. The medium follow‐up time was 49 months; AQP4‐IgG was found in 193 (78%) patients. Onset and relapse of area postrema syndrome were less frequent in patients with a normal body mass index. The annual relapse rate after immunosuppressive therapy was significantly lower in patients with a low body mass index. In the multivariable analysis, statistical correlation still existed between body mass index at onset and risk of relapse (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.03–1.03, P < 0.001), risk of severe attack (HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98, P = 0.013), risk of visual disability (HR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.81–1, P = 0.047), and overall risk of disability (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82–0.98, P = 0.015) after adjusting various variables.

Interpretation

Lower body mass index at onset was associated with less frequent relapse but poor prognosis.
Inkjet‐Printed Metal Oxide/PEDOT:PSS‐Based Diodes and Rectifiers for Wireless Power Transfer
Authors: Singh Manvendra , Priyadarisini Sushree Sangita , Pradhan Jyoti Ranjan , Dasgupta Subho
Published: July 2023

Printed electronic circuits are beginning to attract commercial success in different areas of applications that include low‐cost wearables, biosensors, biomedical tags, packaging, e‐textiles, etc. However, the major part of the research in this domain has always been focused on developing high‐performance thin‐film transistors (TFTs), while the other essential circuit elements, that are required, for example, for low‐loss conversion of the input power, have rarely been reported. In this regard, inkjet‐printed amorphous oxide‐based diodes on glass, and flexible polyimide substrates with rectification ratio >104and operation frequency up to 25 and 15 MHz, respectively, are demonstrated. Next, using the printed diodes’ full‐wave and double half‐wave rectifiers are fabricated to convert input AC signals to DC supply. In addition, wireless power transfer (WPT) is demonstrated, where the input AC signal is wirelessly transmitted from a distance of 3 cm, at 125 kHz. The demonstrated WPT technology can be suitable for invasive implantable devices and standalone systems in multiple mediums. Finally, bending fatigue tests are carried out with the printed diodes on flexible substrates, down to a bending radius of 2.5 mm to demonstrate tensile strain tolerance up to 2.5%.
Fully Inkjet‐Printed Green‐Emitting PEDOT:PSS/NiO/Colloidal CsPbBr3/SnO2 Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diode on Rigid and Flexible Substrates
Authors: Vescio Giovanni , Mathiazhagan Gayathri , González-Torres Sergio , Sanchez-Diaz Jesús , Villaueva-Antolí Alexis , Sánchez Rafael S. , Gualdrón–Reyes Andrés F. , Oszajca Marek , Linardi Flavio , Hauser Alina , Vinocour-Pacheco Felipe A. , Żuraw Wiktor , Öz Senol , Hernández Sergi , Mora‐Seró Iván , Cirera Albert , Garrido Blas
Published: July 2023

After establishing themselves as promising active materials in the field of solar cells, halide perovskites are currently being explored for fabrication of low‐cost, easily processable, and highly efficient light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Despite this, the highest efficiencies reported for perovskite‐based LEDs (PeLEDs) are achieved through spin coating or vacuum evaporation deposition techniques, which are not adequate, in most of the cases, for an industrial‐scale production. Additionally, the long‐term stability is still a big handicap, even though all inorganic perovskites, such as CsPbBr3, are found to be more stable to external variables. In this context, herein, the fabrication of fully inkjet‐printed (IJP) CsPbBr3‐based PeLEDs in ambient conditions, on rigid and flexible substrates, on a proof‐of‐concept basis, with the successful incorporation of NiO and SnO2 as hole‐ and electron‐selective contacts, respectively, is reported. Despite the moderate luminance (324 cd m−2) value obtained, this result paves the way toward the development of upscalable fabrication of PeLEDs based on deposition techniques with controlled spatial resolution.
Harnessing Topology and Stereochemistry of Glycidylamine‐Derived Lipid Nanoparticles for in Vivo mRNA Delivery to Immune Cells in Spleen and Their Application for Cancer Vaccination
Authors: Abd Elwakil Mahmoud M. , Suzuki Ryota , Khalifa Alaa M. , Elshami Rania M. , Isono Takuya , Elewa Yaser H.A. , Sato Yusuke , Nakamura Takashi , Satoh Toshifumi , Harashima Hideyoshi
Published: July 2023

mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have reached an inflection point and are now paving the way for a new wave of precision therapies. The design of nonhepatocyte RNA delivery systems without targeting ligands, however, remains a challenge. It is reported that the development of ligand‐free glycidylamine (GA) derivatives containing LNPs (GA‐LNPs) that preferentially deliver mRNA to immune cells in the spleen. Notably, it is demonstrated that the stereochemistry of GA‐lipids has a significant impact on their self‐assembly and in vitro and in vivo RNA delivery efficiency and tropism. This impact is dependent on the monomeric structure of GA and number of stereogenic centers. Furthermore, the nonlinear topology of GA lipid derivatives induced a sevenfold improvement in mRNA delivery efficiency. The top‐performing estriol‐GA05‐30 LNPs elicited strong antitumor activity in a therapeutic and prophylactic cancer model and are well tolerated in mice. These results highlight the significance of the chemistry of ionizable lipids for extrahepatic RNA delivery and indicated a promising direction for the development of next‐generation mRNA immunotherapies.
Zero‐Power Shape Retention in Soft Pneumatic Actuators with Extensional and Bending Multistability
Authors: Rahman Shakurur , Wu Lei , El Elmi Asma , Pasini Damiano
Published: July 2023

Power‐free shape retention enables soft pneumatic robots to reduce energy cost and avoid unexpected collapse due to burst or puncture. Existing strategies for pneumatic actuation cannot attain motion locking for trajectories combining extension and bending, one of the most common modes of operation. Here, a design paradigm is introduced for soft pneumatic actuators to enable zero‐power locking for shape retention in both extension and bending. The underpinning mechanism is the integration of a pneumatic transmitter and a multistable guider, which are programmed to interact for balanced load transfer, flexural and extension steering, and progressive snapping leading to state locking. Through theory, simulations, and experiments on proof‐of‐concept actuators, the existence of four distinct regimes of deformation is unveiled, where the constituents first interact during inflation to attain locking in extension and bending, and then cooperate under vacuum to enable fully reversible functionality. Finally, the design paradigm is demonstrated to realize a soft robotic arm capable to lock at desired curvature states at zero‐power, and a gripper that safely operates with puncture resistance to grasp and hold objects of various shapes and consistency. The study promises further development for zero‐power soft robots endowed with multiple deformation modes, sequential deployment, and tunable multistability.
Recent Advances in Materials, Structures, and Applications of Flexible Photodetectors
Authors: Yang Genjie , Li Jiyu , Wu Mengge , Yu Xinge , Yu Junsheng
Published: July 2023

Flexible photodetectors (FPDs), which provide excellent advantages such as great wearability, portability, even implantability, have attracted tremendous interest in wearable healthcare monitoring, bendable imaging sensors, portable optical communication, etc. Recently, organic and perovskite‐based photoactive materials have been considered promising candidates for FPDs due to their superior optoelectronic performance, appealing mechanical flexibility, low‐temperature solution processability, and cost‐effectiveness. In this review, the milestone progress of organic, perovskite, and organic‐perovskite hybrid‐based FPDs and their applications in artificial intelligence are summarized. First, a brief introduction of device configurations, working principles, and key parameters for FPDs are presented. Subsequently, functional materials in FPDs, especially flexible photoactive materials of organic, perovskite, and organic‐perovskite hybrids, are summarized and analyzed. More importantly, representative applications of FPDs are summarized, including wearable healthcare monitoring, imaging sensors, and optical communication. The outlook and challenges for the field are proposed at the end. The purpose of this review is to not only elaborate on the fundamental design principles of FPDs, but also serve as a roadmap for next‐generation artificial intelligence sensing technologies.
Independently Actuated Soft Magnetic Manipulators for Bimanual Operations in Confined Anatomical Cavities
Authors: Koszowska Zaneta , Brockdorff Michael , da Veiga Tomas , Pittiglio Giovanni , Lloyd Peter , Khan-White Thomas , Harris Russell A. , Moor James W. , Chandler James H. , Valdastri Pietro
Published: July 2023

Soft magnetic manipulators offer the prospect of improved surgical outcomes through their potential for miniaturization and inherently safe tissue interaction. However, independent actuation of multiple manipulators within the same confined workspace is limited by undesired simultaneous actuation and manipulator–manipulator interactions. Herein, for the first time, approaches for the independent magnetic actuation of two magnetic continuum manipulators within the same confined workspace are proposed. A novel modular magnetic soft robot segment design is proposed with modified geometry to provide preferential bending planes and high angles of deflection. This design is integrated into two dual‐segment magnetic manipulators which, when arranged in parallel, can deliver independent bending in two planes of motion. Two distinct independent control strategies are proposed, based on orthogonal manipulator magnetization profiles and local field gradient control, respectively. Each dual‐manipulator configuration is characterized over a sequence of applied magnetic fields and gradients, induced via a dual robotically controlled external permanent magnet system. Manipulator independence, bending range of motion, and twisting behaviors are evaluated as a function of control strategy and manipulator separation distance. To demonstrate the system's potential in clinical scenarios, a dual‐manipulator configuration is adapted to carry an endoscopic camera and optic fiber, respectively. The resultant bimanual system is deployed in the confined anatomy of a skull‐base phantom to simulate minimally invasive ablation of a pituitary adenoma. Independent motion of the camera and tool within the confined workspace demonstrate the potential for an independent magnetic tool manipulation for surgical applications.
Effective Enzymatic Synthesis of Benzotropolone and Formation Mechanism of Its Bicyclo[3.2.1]octane‐type Intermediate
Authors: Ding Yangping , Gao Zhijiang , Jian Jinjin , Chen Bingcan
Published: July 2023

In this study, 1′,2′‐dihydroxy‐3,4‐benzotropolone (BTP), the simplest theaflavins (TFs) derivative, is synthesized via the oxidative coupling of pyrogallol (PG) and catechol (CC). We show that low temperature was beneficial to the production of BTP. A possible generation mechanism of the key bicyclo[3.2.1]octane‐type intermediate (BOI) during the formation process of BTP was subsequently proposed. Our analysis based on quantum chemical calculations indicated that three types of tautomers of PG quinones should be present in the reaction solution. Among them, PG quinone tautomer III (PGQT‐III) with two carbanions might be one of the direct substrates for BOI synthesis, which underwent 1,6‐addition reaction to C3‐C4 bond of ortho‐quinone with strong electrophilicity leading to the key intermediate. Furthermore, the presence of PGQT‐III was also supported by the retrosynthetic analysis of BOI. The findings not only shed light on the production mechanism of BTP, but also create new prospects in synthesizing TFs with controllable products.
Efficient Amide Formation from Non‐Activated Cyclopropyl Ester via Acyl Fluoride Generation Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent and Selectfluor
Authors: Choi Eun‐Sol , Jeong Hee‐Chan , Han Ye‐Lin , Lee Hyo‐Jun , Maruoka Keiji
Published: July 2023

A novel and unique activation method for esters possessing a non‐activated cyclopropyl moiety as a potential activating group is developed for acyl fluoride generation using a hypervalent iodine(III) reagent and Selectfluor. The resulting acyl fluoride, which is a versatile synthetic intermediate, was smoothly transformed into the various carbonyl compounds, in particular, amides. This protocol can be applied to the chemoselective activation of diester compounds.
Real‐time Imaging of Nascent DNA in Live Cells by Monitoring the Fluorescence Lifetime of DNA‐Incorporated Thiazole Orange‐Modified Nucleotides
Authors: Kuba Miroslav , Khoroshyy Petro , Lepšík Martin , Kužmová Erika , Kodr David , Kraus Tomáš , Hocek Michal
Published: July 2023

A modified 2′‐deoxycytidine triphosphate derivative (dCTOTP) bearing a thiazole orange moiety tethered via an oligoethylene glycol linker was designed and synthesized. The nucleotide was incorporated into DNA by DNA polymerases in vitro as well as in live cells. Upon incorporation of dCTOTP into DNA, the thiazole orange moiety exhibited a fluorescence lifetime that differed significantly from the non‐incorporated (i.e. free and non‐covalently intercalated) forms of dCTOTP. When dCTOTP was delivered into live U‐2 OS cells using a synthetic nucleoside triphosphate transporter, it allowed us to distinguish and monitor cells that were actively synthesizing DNA in real time, from the very first moments after the treatment. We anticipate that this probe could be used to study chromatin organization and dynamics.
Biocontrol effect of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae ethyl acetate‐derived chemical molecules: An eco‐friendly anti‐malarial drug and insecticide
Authors: Perumal Vivekanandhan , Kannan Swathy , Alford Lucy , Pittarate Sarayut , Mekchay Supamit , Reddy Gadi V. P. , Elangovan Dilipan , Marimuthu Ramachandran , Krutmuang Patcharin
Published: July 2023

Insect pests represent a major threat to human health and agricultural production. With a current over‐dependence on chemical insecticides in the control of insect pests, leading to increased chemical resistance in target organisms, as well as side effects on nontarget organisms, the wider environment, and human health, finding alternative solutions is paramount. The employment of entomopathogenic fungi is one such potential avenue in the pursuit of greener, more target‐specific methods of insect pest control. To this end, the present study tested the chemical constituents of Metarhizium anisopliae fungi against the unicellular protozoan malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the insect pests Anopheles stephensi Listen, Spodoptera litura Fabricius, and Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, as well as the nontarget bioindicator species, Eudrilus eugeniae Kinberg. Fungal crude chemical molecules caused a noticeable anti‐plasmodial effect against P. falciparum, with IC50 and IC90 values of 11.53 and 7.65 µg/mL, respectively. The crude chemical molecules caused significant larvicidal activity against insect pests, with LC50 and LC90 values of 49.228−71.846 µg/mL in A. stephensi, 32.542−76.510 µg/mL in S. litura, and 38.503−88.826 µg/mL in T. molitor at 24 h posttreatment. Based on the results of the nontarget bioassay, it was revealed that the fungal‐derived crude extract exhibited no histopathological sublethal effects on the earthworm E. eugeniae. LC‐MS analysis of M. anisopliae‐derived crude metabolites revealed the presence of 10 chemical constituents. Of these chemicals, three major chemical constituents, namely, camphor (15.91%), caprolactam (13.27%), and monobutyl phthalate (19.65%), were highlighted for potential insecticidal and anti‐malarial activity. The entomopathogenic fungal‐derived crude extracts thus represent promising tools in the control of insect pests and malarial parasites.
Organizational sustainability schemes align with weak sustainability
Authors: Demastus James , Landrum Nancy E.
Published: July 2023

While sustainability research is expansive, studies of business‐internal practices and resulting sustainability outcomes are largely unexplored. This research fills this gap by assessing the sustainability schemes that organizations internally employ to guide sustainability efforts. Content analysis is applied to 20 environmentally oriented sustainability schemes, through the triangulated lenses of strong sustainability and sensemaking theories. Each scheme is quantitatively assessed for positioning within the Stages of Sustainability model and rank abundance curves are generated to compare relative sustainability strength among the schemes for potential recommendations in practice or future research. Results show that 100% of the sustainability schemes in this study align with various forms of weak sustainability, although five commendable schemes are more advanced than the others. Given this finding, it is expected that applying the sustainability schemes from our sample in research and practice will perpetuate weak, business‐as‐usual, sustainability while prolonging the wait for strong ecological sustainability. Novel contributions of this research include empirical evidence to support claims that sustainability schemes are aligned with weak sustainability, and the identification of the sustainability strength of sustainability schemes. Additionally, numerous calls from researchers to consider sustainability strength in research are heeded. Implications for practitioners, scheme developers, and academics relate to the development of schemes, business‐internal practices, research, and teaching that aligns with ecological science‐oriented, strong sustainability instead of the current approach that aligns with weak sustainability.
Efficacy and safety of different dual antiplatelet strategies in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Wongsalap Yuttana , Kengkla Kirati , Wilairat Preyanate , Ratworawong Khemanat , Saokaew Surasak , Wanlapakorn Chaisiri
Published: July 2023

Background

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is key for preventing ischaemic events post‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Various DAPT modifications like the shortened duration or P2Y12 inhibitor (P2Y12i) de‐escalation are implemented to reduce bleeding risk. However, these strategies lack direct comparative studies. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of such DAPT strategies, including de‐escalated and short DAPT, in patients undergoing PCI.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We performed a network meta‐analysis (NMA) to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The primary efficacy endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), and the primary safety endpoint was major bleeding. Secondary endpoints included individual components of MACEs and net adverse clinical events (NACEs).

Results

A total of 17 RCTs comprising 53,156 patients (median age, 62.0 years, 24.8% female) were included. NMA suggested that de‐escalation DAPT was associated with a significantly lower risk of MACEs (risk ratio [RR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64–0.98), bleeding (RR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.49–0.82), and NACEs (RR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.60–0.79) compared with standard DAPT. Short DAPT followed by P2Y12i monotherapy exhibited a significantly decreased risk of major bleeding (RR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.46–0.86) compared with standard DAPT.

Conclusions

De‐escalation DAPT was the most effective strategy for preventing the risk of MACEs without increasing bleeding events, while short DAPT followed by P2Y12i monotherapy was the most effective strategy for reducing the risk of bleeding among patients undergoing PCI.
Liquid‐Free, Self‐Repairable, Recyclable, and Highly Stretchable Colorless Solid Ionic Conductive Elastomers for Strain/Temperature Sensors
Authors: Zeng Wangyi , Yang Wenhao , Chai Liang , Jiang Yanxin , Deng Longjiang , Yang Guang
Published: July 2023

Solid‐state ionic conductive elastomers (ICEs) can fundamentally overcome the disadvantages of hydrogels and ionogels (their liquid components tend to leak or evaporate), and are considered to be ideal materials for flexible ionic sensors. In this study, a liquid‐free ionic polyurethane (PU) type conductive elastomer (ICE‐2) was synthesized and studied. The PU type matrix with microphase separation endowed ICE‐2 with excellent mechanical versatility. The disulfide bond exchange reaction in the hard phase and intermolecular hydrogen bonds contributed to damage repairing ability. ICE‐2 exhibited good ionic conductivity (2.86×10−6 S/cm), high transparency (average transmittance >89 %, 400~800 nm), excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 3.06 MPa, elongation at break of 1760 %, and fracture energy of 14.98 kJ/m2), appreciable self‐healing ability (healing efficiency >90 %), satisfactory environmental stability, and outstanding recyclability. The sensor constructed by ICE‐2 could not only realize the perception of temperature changes, but also accurately and sensitively detect various human activities, including joint movements and micro‐expression changes. This study provides a simple and effective strategy for the development of flexible and soft ionic conductors for sensors and human‐machine interfaces.
A comprehensive review on the impact of calcium and vitamin D insufficiency and allied metabolic disorders in females
Authors: Ahmed Aftab , Saleem Muhammad Awais , Saeed Farhan , Afzaal Muhammad , Imran Ali , Akram Sidra , Hussain Muzzamal , Khan Aqsa , Al Jbawi Entessar
Published: July 2023

Calcium is imperative in maintaining a quality life, particularly during later ages. Its deficiency results in a wide range of metabolic disorders such as dental changes, cataracts, alterations in brain function, and osteoporosis. These deficiencies are more pronounced in females due to increased calcium turnover throughout their life cycle, especially during pregnancy and lactation. Vitamin D perform a central role in the metabolism of calcium. Recent scientific interventions have linked calcium with an array of metabolic disorders in females including hypertension, obesity, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), multiple sclerosis, and breast cancer. This review encompasses these female metabolic disorders with special reference to calcium and vitamin D deficiency. This review article aims to present and elaborate on available data regarding the worldwide occurrence of insufficient calcium consumption in females and allied health risks, to provide a basis for formulating strategies and population‐level scientific studies to adequately boost calcium intake and position where required.
Effects of age and sex on the comorbidities of alopecia areata: A cross‐sectional hospital‐based study
Authors: Hamidpour Elham , Shakoei Safoura , Nasimi Maryam , Ghandi Narges
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune nonscarring hair disorder with strong genetic links. It seems to be associated with several comorbidities affecting the AA treatment plan. On the other hand, the prevalence of comorbidities in different populations can be different based on genetic differences. This study aimed to clarify the association between age and sex with various comorbidities in AA patients.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 402 patients suffering from AA referred to our hospitals between 2018 and 2021. The clinical records of the patients were reviewed, including demographic and clinical information.

Results

The most common diseases associated with AA were anxiety (36%), dermatitis (30%), hypothyroidism (9%), hyperlipidemia (5%), and vitamin D deficiency (4%). The most common comorbidities in AA patients over 18 years were allergic rhinitis, psychological problems, diabetes, hypertension, and hypothyroidism (p < 0.05). Hypothyroidism was more common in female patients than in male patients (p = 0.002). In contrast, hyperlipidemia was more common in male patients than in female patients (p = 0.024). There was a significant association between the severity of AA and hyperlipidemia and vitiligo (p = 0.003 and 0.045).

Conclusion

Sex and age could affect comorbidities. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was higher in our study; it was higher in women than in men. Thyroid function tests were recommended for AA patients.