bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pointwise observation of the state given by parabolic system with boundary condition involving multiple time delays
Authors: Kowalewski Adam
Published: June 2016

Various optimization problems for linear parabolic systems with multiple constant time delays are considered. In this paper, we consider an optimal distributed control problem for a linear parabolic system in which multiple constant time delays appear in the Neumann boundary condition. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique solution of the parabolic equation with the Neumann boundary condition involving multiple time delays are proved. The time horizon T is fixed. Making use of the Lions scheme [13], necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality for the Neumann problem with the quadratic cost function with pointwise observation of the state and constrained control are derived.
Ultrastructural Changes in the Cyclic Corpus Luteum of Dairy Cows with Different Body Condition
Authors: Pivko Juraj , Makarevich V. Alexander , Kubovičova Elena , Rafay Jan , Chrenek Peter
Published: June 2016

The aim of the study was to define ultrastructural changes in the ovarian cyclic corpus luteum (CL) of dairy cows with different body condition score (BCS, a 5-point scale). The ovaries were recovered from slaughtered Holstein cows of BCS1 (emaciation; n= 4), BCS2 (tendency to emaciation; n=4), BCS3 (average body condition; n= 4), BCS4 (tendency to fattening; n=4) and BCS5 (fattening; n=4). Average ages of cows were: 6.2, 4.1, 5.7, 5.5 and 6.36 years for BCS1, BCS2, BCS3, BCS4 and BCS5, respectively. For electron microscopy, functioning CL at the mid-luteal phase were fixed in the aldehyde solution and post-fixed in 1% OsO4 solution. For lipid visualization the samples were soaked in 1% p-phenylenediamine solution in acetone. Durcupan ultrathin sections (90 nm) were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and viewed under Jeol transmission electron microscope. Occurrence of cell organelles was determined by counting the relative volume of individual cellular components using the modified universal test network. Luteal regression of cyclic CL was characterized by atrophy of lutein cells, condensation of organelles and cytoplasmic inclusions, increase in relative volumes of vacuoles, lysosomes, peroxisomes, autophagosomes and lipids. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among BCS1, BCS2, BCS4 and BCS5 cows in the occurrence of lipids, vacuoles, lysosomes and autophagosomes in the lutein cells compared to BCS3 cows. Cows with BCS2 or BCS1 had higher relative volume of lipid droplets, whilst the BCS4 or BCS5 cows had increased occurrence (relative volume) of vacuoles, lysosomes, peroxisomes and autolysosomes. These results show that luteolysis of cyclic CL of cows has different patterns in each BCS group; in the emaciated and fattened cows luteolysis starts earlier than in cows with average body condition.
The Brezis–Oswald Result for Quasilinear Robin Problems
Authors: Fragnelli Genni , Mugnai Dimitri , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S.
Published: June 2016

In this paper we consider a nonlinear elliptic problem driven by a nonhomogeneous differential operator with Robin boundary conditions. We produce conditions on the reaction term near

0
+

${0^{+}}$

and near

+
∞

${+\infty}$

, which imply the existence and uniqueness of a positive solution. In the particular case of equations driven by the p-Laplacian, we show that these conditions are also necessary, extending in this way the semilinear Dirichlet work of Brezis and Oswald [5].
Bürgerlichkeit und Konversionen in jüdischen Familien in Hamburg am Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Braden Jutta
Published: June 2016

This article deals with conversions to Christianity in the Jewish families Mendel, Haller and Oppenheimer (and related families like Heine and Heckscher) in early nineteenth century Hamburg. The focus of interest is the connection between acculturation and conversion in these families who belonged to the small elite of wealthy merchants and bankers in the Jewish community of Hamburg. Born in the 1770s, the parent generation of these families was obviously educated according to bourgeois standards. They shaped their own family life in the same way, attaching, great importance, for example, to an acculturated education for their children. Although highly alienated from Judaism, no members of the parent generation converted in order to gain for themselves the advantage of emancipation; some remained true to Judaism and some converted in later periods of their lives. But most of the children of these families converted, frequently in order to marry a born or newly-converted Christian.
Female athletes and health
Authors: Malara Marzena , Lutosławska Grażyna
Published: June 2016

It is well documented that regular physical activity has a beneficial effect on human health by affecting the metabolic processes that are of fundamental importance in the body’s functions, such as insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal, as well as lipid and lipoprotein turnover. On the other hand, there is a wealth of studies which indicate that strenuous, regular physical activity, such as that performed by high performance athletes, may be detrimental for the athletes’ health especially in women. This review focuses on the factors that contribute to health problems in female athletes, named the female athlete triad, which includes excessive dieting, menstrual dysfunctions (anovulatory menstrual cycles, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea) and a low bone mineral density (BMD). As a result of these factors, women who participate in sports, especially those focused on leanness, need special attention and education from health professionals, coaches and the athletes themselves to prevent the detrimental effects of an inadequate energy supply against high energy demands.
When Urban Planning Doctrine Meets Low Density Countryside
Authors: Sireni Maarit
Published: June 2016

Drawing on an empirical analysis of Finnish local policy-makers’ views on land use planning aims in rural areas, this paper investigates local responses to the new national planning regulations set out by the Government. According to the new norms, a dense settlement structure should be promoted not only in urban centres but also in rural areas in order to curb climate change and improve the viability of communities. Based on the data obtained from an internet-based survey conducted by a regional newspaper in western Finland before municipal elections in 2008 and 2012, this paper shows that the majority of the local policy-makers challenge the new norms. They do not believe that sustainable development can be promoted by constraining building rights in the rural region characterised by a dispersed settlement structure.
Restricted enveloping algebras whose skew and symmetric elements are Lie metabelian
Authors: Siciliano Salvatore , Usefi Hamid
Published: June 2016

Let L be a restricted Lie algebra over a field of characteristic

p
>
2

${p>2}$

and denote by

u
⁢

(
L
)

${u(L)}$

its restricted enveloping algebra.
We establish when the symmetric or skew elements of

u
⁢

(
L
)

${u(L)}$

under the principal involution are Lie metabelian.
Preparation of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) from two types of electrospun lignin fibers
Authors: You Xiangyu , Duan Junlei , Koda Keiichi , Yamada Tatsuhiko , Uraki Yasumitsu
Published: June 2016

Electrodes has been prepared for application in an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) based on polyethylene glycol lignin (PEGL) and soda lignin (SL) derived from cedar wood. Fibers with a diameter of 23 μm were prepared by direct melt electrospinning of PEGL. Much finer fibers of 3.6 μm diameter were obtained by dry electrospinning of 70% PEGL in a dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution at 145°C. The dry electrospinning of SL alone in an alkaline aqueous solution was not achievable, but this was possible of a mixture of SL and polyethylene glycol (Mw=500 000) at a ratio of 99/1, which resulted in thin SL fibers with a diameter of 0.85 μm. These fibers were converted into activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by thermostabilization, carbonization, and steam activation. The specific Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface areas of the resulting PEGL-ACFs and SL-ACFs were 1880 m2 g-1 and 1411 m2 g-1, respectively. PEGL-ACFs electrodes with an organic electrolyte exhibited an impedance of 1.6 Ω and a specific capacitance of 92.6 F g-1 at a scan rate of 1 A g-1, and the SL-ACFs electrodes had an impedance and specific capacitance of 4.5 Ω and 55.6 F g-1, respectively.
A comparison of static and dynamic measures of lower limb joint angles in cycling: application to bicycle fitting
Authors: Bini Rodrigo Rico , Hume Patria
Published: June 2016

Purpose

Configuration of bicycle components to the cyclist (bicycle fitting) commonly uses static poses of the cyclist on the bicycle at the 6 o’clock crank position to represent dynamic cycling positions. However, the validity of this approach and the potential use of the different crank position (e.g. 3 o’clock) have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study compared lower limb joint angles of cyclists in static poses (3 and 6 o’clock) compared to dynamic cycling.

Methods

Using a digital camera, right sagittal plane images were taken of thirty cyclists seated on their own bicycles mounted on a stationary trainer with the crank at 3 o’clock and 6 o’clock positions. Video was then recorded during pedalling at a self-selected gear ratio and pedalling cadence. Sagittal plane hip, knee and ankle angles were digitised.

Results

Differences between static and dynamic angles were large at the 6 o’clock crank position with greater mean hip angle (4.9 ± 3°), smaller knee angle (8.2 ± 5°) and smaller ankle angle (8.2 ± 5.3°) for static angles. Differences between static and dynamic angles (< 1.4°) were trivial to small for the 3 o’clock crank position.

Conclusions

To perform bicycle fitting, joint angles should be measured dynamically or with the cyclist in a static pose at the 3 o’clock crank position.
Mesopotamian Scholarship: Kassite to Late Babylonian Periods
Authors: Lenzi Alan
Published: June 2016

This article surveys scholarship and inquiry in ancient Mesopotamia from the middle of the second millennium BCE until the Common Era. After an overview of the source material, the article explores scribal authority, the organization of their textual materials, their interpretive practices, and epistemology. The conclusion offers thoughts about current debates and the trajectory of future studies.
Modelling of Uncertainty and Bi–Variable Maps
Authors: Nánásiová Ol’ga , Pykacz Jarosław
Published: June 2016

The paper gives an overview and compares various bi-varilable maps from orthomodular lattices into unit interval. It focuses mainly on such bi-variable maps that may be used for constructing joint probability distributions for random variables which are not defined on the same Boolean algebra.
Performance Enhancement of Organic Light–Emitting Diodes Using Electron–Injection Materials of Metal Carbonates
Authors: Shin Jong-Yeol , Kim Tae Wan , Kim Gwi-Yeol , Lee Su-Min , Shrestha Bhanu , Hong Jin-Woong
Published: June 2016

Performance of organic light-emitting diodes was investigated depending on the electron-injection materials of metal carbonates (Li2CO3 and Cs2CO3 ); and number of layers. In order to improve the device efficiency, two types of devices were manufactured by using the hole-injection material (Teflon-amorphous fluoropolymer -AF) and electron-injection materials; one is a two-layer reference device ( ITO/Teflon-AF/Alq3/Al ) and the other is a three-layer device (ITO/Teflon-AF/Alq3/metal carbonate/Al). From the results of the efficiency for the devices with hole-injection layer and electron-injection layer, it was found that the electron-injection layer affects the electrical properties of the device more than the hole-injection layer. The external-quantum efficiency for the three-layer device with Li2CO3 and Cs2CO3 layer is improved by approximately six and eight times, respectively, compared with that of the two-layer reference device. It is thought that a use of electron-injection layer increases recombination rate of charge carriers by the active injection of electrons and the blocking of holes.
On the Christensen–Wang bounds for the ghost number of a p-group algebra
Authors: Altunbulak Aksu Fatma , Green David J.
Published: June 2016

Christensen and Wang give conjectural upper and lower bounds for the ghost number of the group algebra of a p-group. We apply results of Koshitani and Motose on the nilpotency index of the Jacobson radical to prove the upper bound and most cases of the lower bound.
Sequential subspace optimization for nonlinear inverse problems
Authors: Wald Anne , Schuster Thomas
Published: June 2016

In this work we discuss a method to adapt sequential subspace optimization (SESOP), which has so far been developed for linear inverse problems in Hilbert and Banach spaces, to the case of nonlinear inverse problems. We start by revising the technique for linear problems. In a next step, we introduce a method using multiple search directions that are especially designed to fit the nonlinearity of the forward operator. To this end, we iteratively project the initial value onto stripes whose width is determined by the search direction, the nonlinearity of the operator and the noise level. We additionally propose a fast algorithm that uses two search directions. Finally, we will show convergence and regularization properties for the presented method.
Concomitant treatment with imipenem causes a rapid and extensive decrease in the plasma concentrations of valproic acid
Authors: Keränen Tapani , Kuusisto Hanna
Published: June 2016

Background. Valproic acid (VPA) is a wide-spectrum antiepileptic drug used both in children and in adults. We describe a clinically important interaction between VPA and imipenem, a carbapenem antimicrobial.

Case presentation. Our patient was a 19-year-old man with childhood onset of mental retardation and severe epilepsy. He was hospitalized due to pneumonia. His antiepileptic drugs, including VPA, were administered intravenously. Due to pneumonia, intravenously administered imipenem was started. After the start of imipenem treatment, a dramatic decrease in the plasma concentrations of VPA occurred within 24 hours. After the discontinuation of imipenem treatment, the concentration of VPA recovered within a few hours. The decrease in VPA levels was associated with increased seizure frequency.

Conclusions. The time course of the VPA-imipenem interaction suggests that mechanisms other than a change in the enzymatic elimination of VPA is the cause for this pharmacokinetic interaction. Concomitant use of VPA and imipenem should be avoided.
The Relationship between Mathematics Teachers’ Teaching Approaches and 9th Grade Students’ Mathematical Self
Authors: Briede Liene
Published: June 2016

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between the teaching approach adopted by mathematics teachers and their 9th grade students’ mathematical self. The study searched for the answers to three research questions: 1) the approaches prevailing in mathematics teachers’ beliefs about effective teaching and self-reports about their classroom practices, 2) the qualitative and quantitative features of students’ mathematical self and 3) the relationships between the teaching approaches supported by mathematics teachers, the indicators of their 9th grade students’ mathematical self, teachers’ sociodemographic indicators, and students’ socio-demographic indicators. The outcomes of the study show that because of the complex structure of the phenomena, it is difficult to classify mathematics teachers’ beliefs on teaching and their self-reported practice into theoretically predefined groups though the use of constructivism in a lesson has a more positive influence on students’ mathematical self than mere support of the constructivist beliefs.
Twenty-first Century Education: Transformative Education for Sustainability and Responsible Citizenship
Authors: Bell David V. J.
Published: June 2016

Many ministries of education focus on twenty-first century education but unless they are looking at this topic through a sustainability lens, they will be missing some of its most important elements. The usual emphasis on developing skills for employability in the current global economy begs the question whether the global economy is itself sustainable over the course of this century. According to the World Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD) whose membership comprises 29 of the largest, most important companies on the planet, it is not. Continuing on the current development path would require approximately 2.3 planets earth to support existing levels of resource and energy use, and waste production, projected out for a global population which will reach 9 billion by 2050. And yet most discussions of 21st century education are premised on servicing, rather than transforming, the current global economy.

This paper explores the opportunities and benefits of connecting the discourse on twentyfirst century education with Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) which seeks to prepare learners for the varied and interrelated environmental, social, and economic challenges they will meet as they confront a changing world. ESD emphasizes futures thinking and strategic planning that will enable learners to help create and flourish in a more sustainable economy. Conventional teaching models must also shift to a “transformative” style of education for the twenty-first century in order for humankind to learn how to live more sustainably on this planet.
A Theory of Critical Junctures for Democratization: A Comparative Examination of Constitution-Making in Egypt and Tunisia
Authors: Jamal Amal , Kensicki Anna
Published: June 2016

Most studies on constitution-making emphasize how cultural and institutional characteristics independently impact successful democratic transitions. This article proposes a new approach to theorizing this process, positing that the character of institutional and cultural elements and the relationships between them give rise to a unique temporal and political context called a critical juncture, with qualities and characteristics that place some states on trajectories toward success and others toward failure. By analyzing and comparing the events surrounding the Egyptian and Tunisian transitions, we demonstrate how the placement of these institutional and cultural elements put Tunisia on the path to democratization and led Egypt inevitably toward autocracy. The findings show that, where these junctures fail to instill civic ideals and avenues for all parties’ participation, the political environment becomes uninhabitable for successful transition.
The Impact of Classroom Games on the Acquisition of Second Language Grammar
Authors: Bush Jerome C.
Published: June 2016

While games are a common classroom activity, not much empirical evidence supports the use of games in L2 grammar classrooms for late teens and adults. This intervention study focused on 34 Turkish learners of English as a second language. The intervention group was exposed to three class period of games, while the comparison group had three class periods of traditional instruction (e.g. worksheets and whiteboard explanations). A pre-test, a post-test, and a delayed post-test were given. T-tests were performed on the scores from each test and a mixed (with-subject and between group) ANOVA was conducted. Additionally a survey was conducted to determine the experience of the students. Results of the statistical analyses were not significant, but the students reported being motivated by the games. It is recommended that teachers use games in their grammar classrooms about once a week.
Triorganotin carboxylates – synthesis and crystal structure of 2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium catena-O,O′-oxalatotriphenylstannate
Authors: Diop Mouhamadou Birame , Diop Libasse , Plasseraud Laurent , Cattey Hélène
Published: June 2016

The reaction of bis(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) oxalate, [C4H7N2]2[C2O4], and bis(triphenyltin) oxalate, [(Ph3Sn)2(C2O4)], in methanol at room temperature yielded the formation of 2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium catena-O,O′-oxalatotriphenylstannate, [C4H7N2][Ph3Sn(C2O4)] (1), which crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z=8, a=16.9334(14) Å, b=17.3251(14) Å, c=14.5114(10) Å, β=90.590(2)°, and V=4257.0(6) Å3. The oxalate ligand of 1 displays a bridging coordination mode and thus links two SnPh3 moieties through an axial coordination leading to the propagation of infinite polymeric chains along the c axis. All Sn(IV) atoms exhibit a trigonal bipyramid geometry. The negative charge of [Ph3Sn(C2O4)]- moieties is compensated by the presence of surrounding noncoordinating 2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium cations. From a supramolecular point of view, the Sn-based chains are connected to one another through N-H···O hydrogen bond interactions involving oxalate ligands of distinct strands and doubly by the [C4H7N2]+ cations. The topology of the resulting crystal packing can be described as a two-dimensional layer network.
Educational mismatch in the Czech Labour Market
Authors: Mysíková Martina
Published: June 2016

Educational mismatch in labour markets is a phenomenon that has been widely analysed, mainly with respect to rising concerns about a possible oversupply of graduates. Like most European countries, the Czech Republic has experienced a boom in tertiary education in the last decade. The incidence and determinants of over- and undereducation vary substantially depending both on the mismatch measurement approach and the data source applied. Educational mismatch is also reflected in wage levels: overeducated workers have lower wages and undereducated workers have higher wages than workers with the same education whose jobs match their education level. Second, overeducated workers earn more and undereducated workers earn less than their co-workers with exactly the required level of education. The effects are qualitatively the same regardless of the data source and measurement approach applied, but their sizes differ slightly.
Ex Vivo Aneurysm models mimicking real cases for the preoperative training of the clipping technique
Authors: Martin D. , Giovani A. , Bucur Narcisa , Gorgan R.M.
Published: June 2016

Training in a specialty like cerebrovascular neurosurgery becomes more and more difficult as the access to training is limited by the increasing number of neurosurgical departments and the lack of expert centers for specific pathology. This is why an increased investment in experimental training is encountered in many centers worldwide. The best models for training the clipping technique are ex Vivo on cadaveric heads aneurysm models, animal models or augmented reality models. We present a few ex Vivo models of aneurysms mimicking ACOA, ACM bifurcation and basil are tip aneurysms using a pulsed continuous perfusion system. Clipping training on aneurysm models is an invaluable tool both for the residents and for the specialists with a special interest in cerebrovascular surgery.
Differential diagnostic problems in elderly chronic subdural hematoma patients
Authors: Munteanu Valentin , Luca-Husti Ionut , Coman Teodora Camelia , Ciurea Alexandru Vlad
Published: June 2016

Chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) are recognized as common in older people (over 70 years). They are produced in minor injuries (falls on the same level). These CSDH have minor symptoms (headache, memory disorders, balance disorders, cognitive disorders, etc. and are classified as signs for the onset of dementia, circulatory failure - basilar vertebra, Alzheimer, etc. A simple brain CT scan can highlight these hematomas and a neurosurgical intervention will achieve extremely favorable prognosis. There are many pitfalls in the differential diagnosis of CSH especially with strokes being so common at this age.
Nerve sheath tumor, benign neurogenic slow-growing solitary neurilemmoma of the left ulnar nerve: A case and review of literature
Authors: Martin Andra Elena , Martin D. , Sandu Aurelia Mihaela , Neacsu Angela , Rata Oana , Gorgan Cristina , Gorgan M.R.
Published: June 2016

This paper represent a report of a case with ulnar nerve schwannoma (neurilemmoma), benign neurogenic slow-growing, tumors originating from Schwann cells along the course of a nerve (1) (2) (3). Schwannomas are the most common tumors of the peripheral nerves which occur in the adults (0.8–2%) (5). Usually they progress slowly and so they can remain painless swellings for a few years before other symptoms appear. Most of these lesions could be diagnosed clinically, are mobile in the longitudinal plane along the course of the involved nerve but not in the transverse plane (7). EMG, MRI, and ultrasonography are useful tools in the diagnosis. The definitive treatment of benign peripheral nerve schwannomatosis is complete enucleation of the tumor mass without damaging the intact nerve fascicles followed by confirmatory hystopathological examination (12). We present the case of a 62 years old right hand-dominant female who notice a slow increasing bulge over the inner aspect of her distal volar left forearm superior to the wrist, for a longer period of time not exactly specified; this was tracked and associated by pain, tingling and numbness over inner one and half fingers of her left hand in progress until the presentations. A diagnosis of soft-tissue tumor was presumed clinically. The other investigations were ultrasonography (US), nerve conduction studies (NCSs) such as sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP). In this case IRM was suggestive of a benign growth in her left ulnar nerve in the forearm region. Microsurgical techniques were used for ample enucleation of the tumor the distal volar left forearm. Subsequent histopathological examination confirmed the presumed diagnosis of a benign cellular schwannoma. At her last follow-up one month after surgery, the patient was neurological gradually improving sensory and motor function and she is highly satisfied with the results of surgery.
Statistical analysis of associated vertebra and costal anomalies in spina bifida patients
Authors: Alatas Ibrahim , Canaz Huseyin , Saracoglu Ayten , Kafali Haluk , Canaz Gokhan , Tokmak Mehmet
Published: June 2016

Objective: Spina bifida is one of the most severe birth defects and can happen as a result of disrupted primary neurulation. Congenital vertebra and costa anomalies are more frequently seen with spina bifida, and associated anomalies significantly affect the prognosis of affected children. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of scoliosis, costal anomalies, and vertebral deformations seen at the time of diagnosis and to statistically evaluate their concomitancies.

Methods: Gender and mean ages of the patients were determined. The spina bifida patients were examined for deformation anomalies, butterfly vertebra, hemivertebra, wedge vertebra, costal anomalies and scoliosis. The relationships between these anomalies were evaluated.

Results: 94 patients with a mean age of 11,5 months examined. The incidence of scoliosis was 21.8% among female infants and 17.9% among males. Rates of scoliosis with vertebra anomalies (hemivertebra, wedge vertebra) and costal anomalies did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Wedge vertebra were the most frequent vertebra anomaly type with 38.2% ratio. Costal anomalies were detected in 25.5% of females and 20.5% of male infants. Hemivertebra and wedge vertebra were seen significantly more frequently in this group. Gender distribution did not differ between with and without any vertebra types.

Conclusion: Congenital vertebra and costa anomalies are more frequently seen with spina bifida. We believe that these anomalies and relationship with spina bifida may demonstrate differences among different ethnic groups or locations. More detailed multi-centered studies performed on this issue will aid in the determination of etiologies, genetics, and treatment principles of these congenital anomalies.
Traumatic subarachnoid pleural fistula in children: case report, algorithm and classification proposal
Authors: Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Koller Osvaldo , Valenzuela Sergio , Cataldo Claudia , Marengo Juan Jose , Campos Gabriel , Muller Jose Joaquin , Vergara Cristobal
Published: June 2016

Subarachnoid pleural fistulas are rare. They have been described as complications of thoracic surgery, penetrating injuries and spinal surgery, among others. We present the case of a 3-year-old female child, who suffer spinal cord trauma secondary to a car accident, developing a posterior subarachnoid pleural fistula. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a pediatric patient with subarachnoid pleural fistula resulting from closed trauma, requiring intensive multimodal management. We also present a management algorithm and a proposed classification. The diagnosis of this pathology is difficult when not associated with neurological deficit. A high degree of suspicion, multidisciplinary management and timely surgical intervention allow optimal management.
Primary Ewing sarcoma of squamous temporal bone with intracranial extension: a case report
Authors: Jaiswal Somil , Jaiswal Pooja , Ojha Bal Krishna , Chandra Anil
Published: June 2016

Primary Cranial Ewing sarcoma (ES) is rare and that of temporal bone is even rarer entity. Only a few sporadic cases have been reported and no such case has been reported from Eastern India

In this report we describe a case of 18 yrs old male with primary cranial ES of squamous temporal bone involving intracranial and extracranial compartment. The patient presented with swelling in zygomatic fossa and imaging studies showed a mass originating in the right temporal bone. Gross total resection of the tumor was done and sent for histopathological study. The case was referred for radio-chemotherapy and had no recurrence up to eight months of follow up.
Influence of Sociocultural Context on Language Learning in Foreign Countries
Authors: Pazyura Natalia
Published: June 2016

Professional foreign language training is offered to cultivate the ability to master cross-cultural communication in the sphere of future professional activity. By means of intercultural competence of foreign language we are raising professional competence, too. In countries where English is the native language, it is taught to speakers of other languages as an additional language to enable them to participate in all spheres of life of that country. In many countries where it is an official language and language of instruction, as most communication outside school is in the local languages it is taught as language to learn other disciplines. These are two contrasting contexts for enhancing the English language skills. In both settings there are concerns about students’ difficulties in developing adequate English proficiency to successfully learn content through that language. This paper analyzes the influence of sociocultural factors on the students’ motivation to learn English in different countries, reveals main problems and difficulties in oral English teaching practice, illustrates the relationship between oral English teaching and cross-cultural communication competence. On the one hand, cross-cultural communication plays an essential role in oral English teaching; besides, oral English teaching promotes cross-cultural communication competence. On the other hand, in some countries English is not the prerequisite of future successful career. But anyway the author insists on consistency of English teaching concept with that of the world. Improving the students’ cross-cultural oral communication ability is impossible without laying equal stress on cross-cultural communication competence and oral English teaching.
The Analysis of Content and Operational Components of Public School Teachers’ Continuing Professional Development in Great Britain, Canada and the USA
Authors: Mukan Nataliya , Kravets Svitlana , Khamulyak Nataliya
Published: June 2016

In the article the content and operational components of continuing professional development of public school teachers in Great Britain, Canada, the USA have been characterized. The main objectives are defined as the theoretical analysis of scientific-pedagogical literature, which highlights different aspects of the problem under research; identification of the common features of the content, models, forms and methods of continuing professional development of public school teachers. The legislative and normative framework of teachers’ CPD in Great Britain, Canada and the USA, which determines the CPD content, has been highlighted; teachers’ knowledge, skills, professional values and attitudes have been characterised; the key models, forms and methods of teachers’ CPD have been defined. The teachers’ CPD has been studied by foreign and Ukrainian scientists: models, forms and methods of teachers’ CPD (L. Chance, A. Hollingsworth, D. Ross, E. Villegas-Reimers), non-formal teachers’ CPD (J. Scheerens), continuing professional education (Ya. Belmaz, T. Desyatov), postgraduate education (A. Kuzminskyy, V. Russol), professional education (R. Hurevych, N. Nychkalo), teacher training (T. Koshmanova, Ye. Yevtukh), teachers’ professional development (N. Klokar, V. Oliynyk). The research methodology comprises theoretical (logical, induction and deduction, comparison and compatibility, structural and systematic, analysis and synthesis) and applied (observations, questioning and interviewing) methods. The research results have been presented.
Master Program in Foreign Language Education at New York University Steinhardt (US)
Authors: Ikonnikova Maryna
Published: June 2016

The article deals with master program in foreign language education at New York University Steinhardt (US). Thus, its peculiarities have been revealed. It has been defined that the study program presupposes mastering of foreign language teaching approaches that meet various needs of learners. It has been indicated that students acquire the understanding of educational conditions as well as economic, social and cultural factors influencing learning; develop professional knowledge of linguistics, (foreign) language acquisition, (foreign) language pedagogy, etc. The curriculum of the program is based on block-modular and interdisciplinary approaches that results in considerable flexibility. In addition, students have excellent opportunities to gain valuable practical experience and strengthen professional teaching skills during student teaching placements including abroad. It has been concluded that professional training of future specialists in the field of foreign language education on the example of New York University contributes to forming of modern, competitive philologists able to apply the latest teaching technologies, forms and methods to the educational process and adapt to fast-changing conditions of the educational environment. It has been emphasized that the abovementioned positive aspects of US experience in training foreign language teachers can be taken into account while developing national curricula in education, philology, linguistics, applied linguistics etc.
Electromagnetic Education in India
Authors: Bajpai Shrish , Asif Siddiqui Sajida , Akhtar Syed Adnan
Published: June 2016

Out of the four fundamental interactions in nature, electromagnetics is one of them along with gravitation, strong interaction and weak interaction. The field of electromagnetics has made much of the modern age possible. Electromagnets are common in day-to-day appliances and are becoming more conventional as the need for technology increases. Electromagnetism has played a vital role in the progress of human kind ever since it has been understood. Electromagnets are found everywhere. One can find them in speakers, doorbells, home security systems, anti-shoplifting systems, hard drives, mobiles, microphones, Maglev trains, motors and many other everyday appliances and products. Before diving into the education system, it is necessary to reiterate its importance in various technologies that have evolved over time. Almost every domain of social life has electromagnetic playing its role. Be it the mobile vibrators you depend upon, a water pump, windshield wipers during rain and the power windows of your car or even the RFID tags that may ease your job during shopping. A flavor of electromagnetics is essential during primary level of schooling for the student to understand its future prospects and open his/her mind to a broad ocean of ideas. Due to such advancements this field can offer, study on such a field is highly beneficial for a developing country like India. The paper presents the scenario of electromagnetic education in India, its importance and numerous schemes taken by the government of India to uplift and acquaint the people about the importance of EM and its applications.
Mentoring as the Core Element of New Teacher Induction in the USA: Policies and Practices
Authors: Zembytska Maryna
Published: June 2016

The paper focuses on mentoring as the key strategy of novice teacher induction in the USA. The study reviews current mentoring/induction policies and trends in the U.S. system of in-service teacher training and support. The findings suggest that the conceptual framework, standards and practices of new teacher mentoring in the United States conform to the dynamic trends in education and organizational management. The conceptual modification of teacher mentoring manifests itself in the development of comprehensive and sustained formal induction programs based on the theories of educational leadership, adult learning, social interaction and collaborative learning. Quality induction programs are context-based and involve multiple stakeholders (schools, school districts, local educational organizations and agencies, partner universities, state departments of education etc). Diverse forms of mentoring (one-to-one, peer, group, reciprocal, online and needs-driven mentoring, etc.) are extensively combined with other induction components offered to beginning teachers and mentors during the whole induction period. The induction components include: summer courses, orientation sessions, workshops, seminars, webinars, conferences, interviews, informal meetings and celebrations, district-based mentor training programs etc. The quantitative data obtained through the analysis of the U.S. national surveys and research reports provides ground for highlighting those mentoring and induction programs which have significantly decreased turnover rates among new teachers, contributed to their professional development and improved academic achievement in public schools by providing students with quality instruction.
Experience of Future Economists’ Self-Study Organization in Foreign Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Aliyev Oktay
Published: June 2016

The article consolidates information sources on the issues of future economists’ self-study organization at foreign universities. There has been carried out the study of approaches to the interpretation of the term “self-study process” in the contemporary scientific thought abroad. There have been specified the productive ideas of foreign experience which are to be understood and implemented into practice of domestic higher education institutions in terms of professional training of future specialists in the field of social and behavioural sciences majoring in Economics, including the following: 1) student self-study is supposed to be a mandatory part of the educational process, with the amount of time dedicated to being less than 65 percent. At the same time a student-personalized approach to each student should be implemented and the course of study, specifics of the subject being learnt should be taken into account; the teachers are expected to offer verbal consulting and ICT support (including university web resources) of student self-study; 2) while organizing the educational process (syllabi, curricula for students of different educational levels) it should be taken into account that there is a link between self-education of future economists with his/her practical activities along with development prospects of the sector; 3) organization of future economists’ self-study should be based on the student’s conscious attitude to learning, recognition of its role in meeting the challenges and solving the urgent problems of economic education (motivational component); on knowledge forming the basis for the individual’s self-study and determining his/her readiness for self-education in their future careers (cognitive component); on combination of skills and abilities of the individual, determining his/her functional readiness for professional self-education on challenging issues of economic sphere (operational and pragmatist component).
Exposure of Human Endothelial Progenitors to Sevoflurane Improves Their Survival Abilities
Authors: Munteanu Adelina , Gilca Marilena , Isvoranu Gheorghita , Surcel Mihaela , Ceafalan Laura , Manda Gina
Published: June 2016

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have prominent roles in vessel and tissue repair; however, their regenerative efficacy is diminished due to the poor survival in the hostile microenvironment of the injured organs. Recent data suggest a promising potential of volatile anesthetics for improving stem cell biology. Thus, we hypothesized that exposure to sevoflurane could stimulate growth and viability of cultured EPCs.

Total mononuclear cells were isolated from human umbilical cord blood by gradient centrifugation. After five days in culture, the cells were exposed for one or two hours to sevoflurane 2% or 4% in air/5% CO2, or only to air/5% CO2 (sham control) in a sealed modular chamber. 24 or 48 hours post-exposure, viability, proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay, a methyl tetrazolium salt (MTS) assay and FITC-annexin V/ propidium iodide (PI) staining, respectively.

LDH leakage was discretely lowered, whereas the levels of formazan were significantly increased (p < 0.05 for 1 h incubation with 4% sevoflurane at 24 hrs post-exposure, and with 2% sevoflurane at 48 h post-exposure) in the preconditioned cultures, proving no cytotoxic effects and increased proliferation in treated cells versus control samples. Early (p < 0.05) and late apoptosis (p < 0.05 only for 2% sevoflurane) were diminished following the procedure.

Thus, the commonly used sevoflurane anesthetic has protective effects on viability and proliferation of human early endothelial progenitor cells in vitro, suggesting a promising potential of anesthetic preconditioning for improving the regeneration of ischemic tissues.
Markers of cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cernea Simona , Şular Floredana-Laura , Huţanu Adina , Voidăzan Septimiu
Published: June 2016

Background. The study aimed to evaluate the correlations of cognitive function with metabolic, nutritional, hormonal and immunologic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), in order to identify markers of cognitive impairment.

Material and methods. This cross-sectional study included 216 T2D patients and 23 healthy individuals (HC). The cognitive status was evaluated by the MoCA test. From HC and 145 T2D patients several parameters were also determined: C-peptide, vitamin B12, high-sensitivity CRP (by chemiluminescent immunometric assay), HbA1c, lipids, cortisol, TSH, Mg (by a Cobas 6000 analyzer), glucose (by glucose-oxidase method) and leptin and adiponectin (by ELISA method). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results. There was a significant difference in the MoCA scores between HC and T2D groups (26.0(17.0-29.0) vs. 23.0(13.0- 31.0) points; p: 0.004). T2D patients with cognitive dysfunction were significantly older and less formally educated (p < 0.0001). Age negatively correlated with MoCA scores (-0.31; 95%CI:-0.42,-0.18; p < 0.0001). T2D patients had significantly lower visuospatial/executive (4.0(0.0-5.0) vs. 5.0(2.0-5.0) points; p: 0.04) and delayed recall scores (2.0(0.0- 5.0) vs. 3.0(1.0-5.0) points; p: 0.03) and lower serum Mg concentrations (0.81(0.12-0.99) vs. 0.92(0.41-1.35) mmol/l, p < 0.0001). Serum Mg levels positively correlated with MoCA scores (0.24, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.39; p: 0.003) and with visuospatial/ executive (0.30; 95%CI: 0.14, 0.45; p: 0.0002) and naming functions (0.18; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.34; p: 0.02).

Conclusions. Patients with T2D had significant cognitive impairment, with decrements in the visuospatial/executive and delayed recall domains. Younger age and higher education correlated with better cognitive function. Serum Mg levels correlated positively with overall cognitive function and with visuospatial/executive and naming domains.
Performance Availability Assessment of Combined Multi Power Source Traction Drive Considering Real Operational Conditions
Authors: Frenkel Ilia , Bolvashenkov Igor , Herzog Hans-Georg , Khvatskin Lev
Published: June 2016

Abststract

The present paper deals with the vehicle’s traction electric drive, consisting of several various electric power sources. One of the main requirements for such systems are the safety and sustainable operations, achieved largely the implementation of an uninterrupted supply of the vehicle’s propulsion system with an electric power.

One way of realization of the required level of operational sustainability is usage of Multi Power Source Traction Drive. This type of vehicle’s propulsion systems is widely applied on the ships, trains, planes, heavy trucks. The most important impact on the sustainability of functioning of the ship’s propulsion system have operational conditions, especially for the cargo ship, operating in Arctic region.

This paper presents the application of the LZ-transform method to assessing the important parameter of the vehicle’s operational sustainability - availability of the multi-state (MSS) Multi Power Source Traction Drive, which includes Diesel-Generators and Gas-Turbine-Generators considering the impact of the real operating conditions.

Straightforward Markov method applied to solve this problem will require building of a system’s model with numerous numbers of states and solve a corresponding system of multiple differential equations. LZ-transform method, drastically simplified the solution.
An Alzheimer’s Disease Genetic Risk Score Predicts Longitudinal Thinning of Hippocampal Complex Subregions in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Harrison Theresa M. , Mahmood Zanjbeel , Lau Edward P. , Karacozoff Alexandra M. , Burggren Alison C. , Small Gary W. , Bookheimer Susan Y.
Published: June 2016

Variants at 21 genetic loci have been associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An important unresolved question is whether multiple genetic risk factors can be combined to increase the power to detect changes in neuroimaging biomarkers for AD. We acquired high-resolution structural images of the hippocampus in 66 healthy, older human subjects. For 45 of these subjects, longitudinal 2-year follow-up data were also available. We calculated an additive AD genetic risk score for each participant and contrasted this with a weighted risk score (WRS) approach. Each score includedAPOE(apolipoprotein E),CLU(clusterin),PICALM(phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein), and family history of AD. Both unweighted risk score (URS) and WRS correlated strongly with the percentage change in thickness across the whole hippocampal complex (URS:r= −0.40;p= 0.003; WRS:r= −0.25,p= 0.048), driven by a strong relationship to entorhinal cortex thinning (URS:r= −0.35;p= 0.009; WRS:r= −0.35,p= 0.009). By contrast, at baseline the risk scores showed no relationship to thickness in any hippocampal complex subregion. These results provide compelling evidence that polygenic AD risk scores may be especially sensitive to structural change over time in regions affected early in AD, like the hippocampus and adjacent entorhinal cortex. This work also supports the paradigm of studying genetic risk for disease in healthy volunteers. Together, these findings will inform clinical trial design by supporting the idea that genetic prescreening in healthy control subjects can be useful to maximize the ability to detect an effect on a longitudinal neuroimaging endpoint, like hippocampal complex cortical thickness.