bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The cult of the Virgin Zoodochoz pege and its reflection in the painting of the Palaiologan era
Authors: Starodubcev Tatjana
Published: May 2010

The paper discusses the ways in which the miraculous cult and newly established liturgy of the shrine of the Virgin 'Zoodochoz pege' near Constantinople influenced the formation of a specific presentation of the Mother of God in the Palaiologan era, both in the Romaic Empire, and in the Eastern Christian lands where the liturgy was not performed in the Greek language.
The depiction of warrior saints in frescoes of 1380 at the church of Our Saviour in Kovaliovo: Whether Balkan masters painted the Novgorod Church?
Authors: Dmitrijeva Svetlana
Published: May 2010

This article examines the theme of warrior saints in the Kovaliovo fresco cycle, based on the archival photographs and frescoes assembled by the conservators. The analysis of the selection of warrior saints (including the seated figure of St. Demetrios), the arrangement of their figures in the overall iconographic programme, the separate iconographic characteristics of the frescoes and - finally - the style of painting, confirms that the Kovaliovo master-painters were not local nor were they Russian, but it obliges us to reject the theory that the Kovaliovo frescoes resemble the art of the Morava school in Serbia. It is feasible that the Kovaliovo painters came from one of the Balkan centers closely linked to Thessaloniki and within the tradition of Novgorodian monumental painting, the best Kovaliovo frescoes seem to bear the legacy of their great predecessor, Theophanes the Greek.
The diptych icon from Kotor: Imago pietatis and the Virgin with the Christ Child: In the light of the religious practice of the brotherhood of the flagellants
Authors: Zivkovic Valentina
Published: May 2010

The diptych icon from Kotor (Imago pietatis and the Virgin with the Christ Child), painted probably in 1468, is examined from the aspect of the penitent and ascetic practice of the Kotor flagellants, who commissioned it for their needs. The members of the brotherhood of the Holy Cross particularly revered the cult of the Five Wounds of Christ, the particles of the lignum crucis and the experience of Christ's Passion. The said religious themes are analysed based on the archive material and preserved paintings, connected with this monastic brotherhood of Kotor.
A post-Byzantine creation: The archangel Michael triumphant and psychopomp
Authors: Leontakianakou Irini
Published: May 2010

This paper deals with a specific iconographic type of Archangel Michael: he is shown bearing a soul in the form of a swaddled infant, while subduing an old man who is wearing only a loincloth. Who is Michael subduing? Three possible answers are considered: 1) the figure can be identified with Satan the fallen angel who, like Michael, has an immaterial nature and is commonly considered as his enemy par excellence; 2) he can also be an anonymous sinner, whose soul is depicted in Michael's hand; 3) finally, one could identify him with Hades, the god of the Underworld and personification of death, because he is depicted as an old man, semi-nude with a pronounced musculature, as well as because of the assimilation of Michael to God. Rather than making a single choice, the author proposes a combined interpretation of the image, which allows for the integration of all the aspects of Michael's cult (military, triumph over Satan, psychopomp, archangel of the Last Judgment) and unifies the past (the fall of Satan), the present (death of a sinner) and the future (Last Judgment).
Sava Krabulevic, the painter of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century
Authors: Petkovic Sreten
Published: May 2010

The painter Sava Krabulevic is known only as the author of the iconostasis in the Monastery of Orahovica in eastern Slavonia. This work, which he produced in 1697, attracted the attention of Serbian art historians because some of the icons show Western influences. The article describes how Krabulevic found himself in Moscow (1688-1694) by dint of circumstance and adopted some of the West European painting techniques through Russian icon painters.
Synthesis of brushite nanoparticles at different temperatures
Authors: Singh Sujata , Singh Vaishali , Aggarwal Saroj , Mandal Uttam
Published: May 2010

Phase pure, stable nanocrystalline brushite particles with average diameter in the range of 23–87 nm were obtained by the reverse microemulsion technique employing a mixture of surfactants (Aliquat 336 & Tween 80) as template directing agents, and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and biammonium hydrogen phosphate as precursors. Particle sizes and morphologies were tuned by adjusting the reaction parameters, precursor concentration and temperature. FTIR, TEM, and XRD were used to characterize morphological changes of as synthesized nanoparticles. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the formation of brushite nanoparticles. Variations in the reaction temperature resulted in changes in the particle morphology and distribution. At high temperatures (60°C), the sample exhibited high monodispersity and spherical morphology with the average grain size of 42 nm. At low temperatures (6°C), nanoflakes were formed. The results suggest that a reverse microemulsion system provides facile media for control of the phase and morphology of nanoscale calcium phosphate biominerals. A mechanism providing an insight into the formation of brushite particles has also been proposed.
An analysis of tree stand stability relative to Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) classification of maximum wind velocities
Authors: Kałuża Tomasz , Leśny Jacek
Published: May 2010

An analysis of tree stand stability relative to Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) classification of maximum wind velocities

Analysing tree susceptibility to uprooting one has to compare external power acting on a tree with its resistance to uprooting (critical moment). The critical uprooting moment for a tree depends on both plant parameters and substratum. Results of an assessment of critical moments of studied pine and black alder tree stands are presented in this paper. Field studies consisted of uprooting trees with parallel measurements of critical moments. Results were compared with the moments of uprooting power of extreme winds. These moments were related to classification of maximum wind velocities proposed by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW).
The impact of beaver ponds on tree stand in a river valley
Authors: Boczoń Andrzej , Wróbel Michał , Syniaiev Valentyn
Published: May 2010

The impact of beaver ponds on tree stand in a river valley

The number of beavers in Poland rapidly increases which may result in conflicts between man and beavers. Despite the fact that beaver ponds play important role in increasing of biodiversity, water retention and soil moisture, they may also cause the die out of tree stands in river valleys and lead consequently to disappearance of typical riparian forest communities. Field studies demonstrated that long term flooding inhibited tree growth. Many trees died after 2 years of flooding. Long flooding caused the death of 80% of trees.
A multidisciplinary approach to reveal the Sicily Climate and Environment over the last 20 000 years
Authors: Incarbona Alessandro , Zarcone Giuseppe , Agate Mauro , Bonomo Sergio , Stefano Enrico , Masini Federico , Russo Fabio , Sineo Luca
Published: May 2010

We present a thorough review of the knowledge on the climate and environment in Sicily over the last 20 000 years, taking into account results of several studies carried using terrestrial and marine records. We obtain a coherent framework of the most important changes succeeded in the island, even if some points need further investigation.

All the reconstructions of surface temperatures of the seas and the air surrounding Sicily point out severe climatic conditions during the last glacial period. The steppe- and semisteppe-like vegetation pattern testifies, together with additional evidence from geochemical data of lacustrine evidence, markedly arid conditions. Fi-nally, significant episodes of sea level drop connected Sicily to the Italian Peninsula and favoured the dispersion of faunal elements from southern Italy.

The transition between the last glacial and the Holocene was not characterized by a gradual warming but was punctuated by two abrupt suborbital climatic fluctuations: Bølling-Allerød (warm) and Younger Dryas (cold), as recognized in the sediments recovered close to the northern and southern coast of Sicily. A denser arboreal cover is possibly indicated by the occurrence of dormouse and Arvicola remains.

Finally the sensitivity of Sicily to climate perturbations is demonstrated by the occurrence of repeated subtle climatic anomalies during the Holocene, including the Little Ice Age, also known from historical chronicles. Forests, woods and Mediterranean maquis developed in the early-middle Holocene. Thereafter was a general decline of arboreal vegetation, following a general aridification trend that seems to be a common feature in southern Europe and North Africa. Science Greek colonization (7th century before Christ), the landscape was intensively modelled for agriculture and breeding, leading to a significant loss of vegetation cover.
Alpine paleostress reconstruction and active faulting in Western Iberia
Authors: Antón Loreto , Muñoz-Martin Alfonso , Vicente Gerardo
Published: May 2010

The study of intraplate tectonics is crucial for understanding the deformation within plates, far from active plate boundaries and associated stress transmission to the plate interiors. This paper examines the tectonic evolution of the Variscan basement at the western margin of the Cenozoic Duero basin. Located east of the Vilariça Fault System in NW Iberia, this intraplate zone is a relatively flat but elevated area with an intense NNE-SSW trending fault system and associated moderate seismicity. Although the area has played an important role in the Duero basin configuration, its Alpine to present-day tectonic evolution has not been well constrained. In order to characterize the successive paleostress fields, 1428 pairs of fault-striae were measured at 56 sites and two focal mechanisms were used. Stress inversion methods have been applied to analyze paleostress regimes. Results show the existence of three dominant maximum horizontal stress (Shmax) trends: N-S, NE-SW and E-W. Relative and absolute dating of the activated faults for each Shmax shows that the clearly predominant N-S paleostress field in the zone has been active since the Oligocene up to the present day; while a NE-SW stress field is found to have been active during the Cretaceous and an older E-W paleostress field was active in the earlier Alpine cycle (Late Triassic).
Trace element behaviour during interaction between basalt and crustal rocks at 0.5–0.8 GPa: an experimental approach
Authors: Mollo Silvio , Misiti Valeria , Scarlato Piergiorgio
Published: May 2010

We experimentally investigate the major and trace elements behavior during the interaction between two partially molten crustal rocks (meta-anorthosite and metapelite) and a basaltic melt at 0.5–0.8 GPa. Results show that a hybrid melt is formed at the basalt-crust contact, where plagioclase crystallizes. This contact layer is enriched in trace elements which are incompatible with plagioclase crystals. Under these conditions, the trace element diffusion coefficients are one order of magnitude larger than those expected. Moreover, the HFSE diffusivity in the hybrid melt is surprisingly higher than the REE one. Such a feature is related to the plagioclase crystallization that changes the trace elements liquid-liquid partitioning (i.e. diffusivity) over a transient equilibrium that will persist as long as the crystal growth proceeds.

These experiments suggests that the behaviour of the trace elements is strongly dependent on the crystallization at the magma-crust interface. Diffusive processes like those investigated can be invoked to explain some unusual chemical features of contaminated magmatic suites.
Time series analysis (orbital cycles) of the uppermost Cenomanian-Lower Turonian sequence on the southern Tethyan margin using foraminifera
Authors: Soua Mohamed
Published: May 2010

Time series analysis (orbital cycles) of the uppermost Cenomanian-Lower Turonian sequence on the southern Tethyan margin using foraminifera

Time series analysis has been performed for the first time on the Cenomanian-Turonian sequence in Central Tunisia in order to shed light on its Milankovitch-like cyclicity. This analysis was applied to two foraminiferal genera: the biserialHeterohelix, an oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ) dweller, and the triserialGuembelitria, a eutrophic surface dweller. Average sedimentary rates and the duration of the oceanic anoxic event (OAE2) in each studied section were estimated. The fluctuations in abundance of these two opportunistic species can be related mainly to both precessional (ca. 20 kyr) and eccentricity (100 and 400 kyr) cyclicity suggesting that changes in surface water fertility were linked to climate changes in the Milankovitch frequency band.
Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts as a tool to recognize carbonate concretions: an example from Oligocene flysch deposits of the Western Carpathians
Authors: Barski Marcin , Bojanowski Maciej
Published: May 2010

Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts as a tool to recognize carbonate concretions: an example from Oligocene flysch deposits of the Western Carpathians

Carbonate concretions found within the Krosno shales (Polish Outer Carpathians) have formerly been interpreted as limestone exotics. Both the concretions and the host shales yield well preserved organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts. The dinoflagellate cyst assemblages provide valuable age-diagnostic information: they indicate a mid-Oligocene age and prove the concretionary origin of the carbonates. Detailed analysis of relative abundance, biodiversity and paleoecology of the dinoflagellates from concretions provides additional information on the sedimentary environment and the model of concretion formation.
Two Languages - One Annotation Scenario? Experience from the Prague Dependency Treebank
Authors: Cinková Silvie , Hajičová Eva , Panevová Jarmila , Sgall Petr
Published: May 2010

Two Languages - One Annotation Scenario? Experience from the Prague Dependency Treebank

This paper compares the two FGD-based annotation scenarios for Czech and for English, with the Czech as the basis. We discuss the secondary predication expressed by infinitive and its functions in Czech and English, respectively. We give a few examples of English constructions that do not have direct counterparts in Czech (e.g., tough movement and causative constructions with make, get, and have), as well as some phenomena central in English but much less employed in Czech (object raising or control in adjectives as nominal predicates), and, last, structures more or less parallel both in their function and distribution, whose respective annotation differs due to significant differences in the respective linguistic traditions (verbs of perception).
Netgraph Query Language for the Prague Dependency Treebank 2.0
Authors: Mírovský Jiří
Published: May 2010

Netgraph Query Language for the Prague Dependency Treebank 2.0

We study the annotation of the Prague Dependency Treebank 2.0 (PDT 2.0) and assemble a list of requirements on a query language that would allow searching for and studying all linguistic phenomena annotated in the treebank. We propose an extension to the query language of an existing search tool Netgraph 1.0 and show that the extended query language satisfies the list of requirements. We demonstrate how all principal linguistic phenomena annotated in the treebank can be searched for with the proposed query language and compare the query language to some other treebank search systems. The proposed query language has been implemented in the search tool Netgraph - we talk about features of a search tool that can simplify the searching and make it more powerful. We also present a table that shows the extent of usage of various features of the implemented query language by the users of Netgraph and mention several usages of Netgraph for other treebanks than PDT 2.0.
Czech Verbs of Communication with respect to the Types of Dependent Content Clauses
Authors: Kettnerová Václava
Published: May 2010

Czech Verbs of Communication with respect to the Types of Dependent Content Clauses

The present paper describes a classification of Czech verbs of communication based on the information on the type of dependent content clauses which these verbs require to be complemented by. We distinguish assertive, interrogative and directive verbs of communication. Furthermore, we propose a method how to treat those verbs of communication which behave ‘neutrally’ with respect to the type of dependent content clauses.
Bidding for Investment Projects: Smart Public Policy or Corporate Welfare?
Authors: Van Biesebroeck Johannes
Published: May 2010

Even before the bailouts of GM and Chrysler in 2009, several governments in Canada have shown an increased willingness to subsidize private investment projects, especially in the manufacturing sector, to the dismay of tax conservatives. I evaluate under what circumstances these government subsidies make sense, paying particular attention to the efforts of the Ontario and federal governments to attract new investments in the automobile sector. I show what governments should expect to pay when they join a bidding war and derive the expected welfare gain. The analysis suggests that, in contrast with the public debate and many previous studies, it is not the absolute size of benefits that matters, but the relative private attractiveness for the investing firm and the relative size of externalities in each location.
Message Content in Canadian Automotive Advertising: A Role for Regulation?
Authors: Watson Lisa , Lavack Anne M. , Rudin-Brown Christina , Burns Peter , Mintz James H.
Published: May 2010

The message content of automotive advertising was examined to determine whether automotive advertising is meeting the needs of its stakeholders, and whether there is a need for it to become more highly regulated. A content analysis of 200 Canadian television and print advertisements revealed that 18 percent of ads demonstrate unsafe or aggressive driving, while 25 percent of ads feature safety mentions. Television ads are substantially more likely than print ads to feature unsafe or aggressive driving (27 percent vs. 10 percent, respectively), while TV ads are less likely than print ads to mention safety (21 percent vs. 29 percent, respectively). With nearly $550 million spent annually on Canadian automotive advertising, either industry self-regulation or government-imposed regulation may be needed in order to reduce advertising depictions of unsafe driving.
Elastic Properties of La2-xSrxCuO4 (x=0.10-0.20)
Authors: Gupta S. , Tomar D. S. , Goyal S. C.
Published: May 2010

The expressions for elastic constant for high temperature superconductors, derived using Mie-Grüneisen interaction potential, are used to analyze the elastic properties (bulk modulus, elastic wave velocity)  of La2-xSrxCuO4 for x = 0.10 to 0.20. The Debye temperature θD has also been computed which is found to decrease with increasing Sr concentration. The value of bulk modulus in superconducting phase (Ks) is larger than the value in its normal phase (Kn=113.8 GPa) for x = 0.10 to 0.14. After this limit Ks decreases.  A simple empirical relation between the difference in bulk moduli in the two phases (superconducting and normal) and Tc is proposed. The value of Tc for  La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 obtained from the proposed relationship is in good agreement with the experimental value. Keywords: Phase transition temperature; Debye temperature; High-temperature superconductor. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.2513                J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 294-301 (2010)
Performance of the Finite Element and Finite Volume Methods for Large Eddy Simulation in Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence
Authors: Uddin M. A. , Kato C. , Oshima N. , Tanahashi M. , Miyauchi T.
Published: May 2010

Large eddy simulation (LES) in homogeneous isotropic turbulence is performed by using the Finite element method (FEM) and Finite volume vethod (FVM) and the results are compared to show the performance of FEM and FVM numerical solvers. The validation tests are done by using the standard Smagorinsky model (SSM) and dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM) for subgrid-scale modeling. LES is performed on a uniformly distributed 643 grids and the Reynolds number is low enough that the computational grid is capable of resolving all the turbulence scales. The LES results are compared with those from direct numerical simulation (DNS) which is calculated by a spectral method in order to assess its spectral accuracy. It is shown that the performance of FEM results is better than FVM results in this simulation. It is also shown that DSM performs better than SSM for both FEM and FVM simulations and it gives good agreement with DNS results in terms of both spatial spectra and decay of the turbulence statistics. Visualization of second invariant, Q, in LES data for both FEM and FVM reveals the existence of distinct, coherent, and tube-like vortical structures somewhat similar to those found in instantaneous flow field computed by the DNS. Keywords: Large eddy simulation; Validation; Smagorinsky model; Dynamic Smagorinsky model; Tube-like vortical structure; Homogeneous isotropic turbulence. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.2582              J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 237-249 (2010)
Conversion of Waste Agriculture Biomass to Bioethanol by Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Saleh A. A. , Hamdan S. , Annaluru N. , Watanabe S. , Rahman M. R. , Kodaki T. , Makino K.
Published: May 2010

Agricultural waste biomass has already been transferred to bioethanol and used as energy related products, although many issues such as efficiency and productivity still to be overcome. In this study, the protein engineering was applied to generate enzymes with completely reversed coenzyme specificity and developed recombinant yeasts containing those engineered enzymes for construction of an efficient biomass-ethanol conversion system. Recombinant yeasts were constructed with the genes encoding a wild type xylose reductase (XR) and the protein engineered xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) (with NADP) of Pichia stipitis.  These recombinant yeasts were characterized based on the enzyme activity and fermentation ability of xylose to ethanol. The protein engineered enzymes were expressed significantly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as judged by the enzyme activity in vitro. Ethanol fermentation was measured in batch culture under anaerobic conditions. The significant enhancement was found in Y-ARS strain, in which NADP+-dependent XDH was expressed; 85% decrease of unfavorable xylitol excretion with 26% increased ethanol production, when compared with the reference strain expressing the wild-type XDH.  Keywords: Agricultural waste biomass; Protein engineering; Xylitol dehydrogenase; Xylose-fermentation; Eethanol production. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.2882               J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 351-361 (2010)
Nutrient Analysis of Some Commercially Important Molluscs of Bangladesh
Authors: Baby R. L. , Hasan I. , Kabir K. A. , Naser M. N.
Published: May 2010

This proximate study was carried out to determine the nutrient content of six commercially important molluscs. The selected molluscan species were Pila globosa, Bellamya bengalensis, Melania tuberculata, Lamellidens marginalis, Anisus convexiusculus and Helix sp. These species were assessed for their proximate and mineral compositions designed to establish their nutritive values on the wet weight basis. The analysis of muscles revealed that the composition of crude protein varied from 8.272%±0.05% in Pila globosa to 12.927%±0.57% in Anisus convexiusculus, moisture content varied from 74.6%±0.04% in Melania tuberculata to 85.9%±0.68% in Lamellidens marginalis and in case of ash content it varied from 1.036%±0.02% in Pila globosa to 4.607%±0.01% in Anisus convexiusculus. Carbohydrate content varied from 2.902±0.03% in Pila globosa and 7.566%±0.37% in Melania tuberculata. The fat and crude fiber content was marginally small in all of the species. The concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium and potassium in the flesh and shells of the molluscs were determined. It becomes pretty clear that molluscs are excellent sources of some required trace and minor elements needed for the proper growth and development of human being and can also be used as high-nutrient supplementary feed for domestic animals, birds and even for fish culture. Keywords: Freshwater; Snails; Proximate analysis; Nutrition; Minerals.  © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3362                J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 390-396 (2010)
Socio-economic Impact of Community Based Fish Culture on Seasonal Floodplain Beel - A Comparative Study
Authors: Hossain M. I. , Siwar C. , Mokhtar M. B. , Dey M. M. , Jaafar A. H.
Published: May 2010

Beel  Mail is a 100 ha seasonal floodplain beel where community based fish culture was introduced during rainy season with 73 community members by department of fisheries with the funding support of WorldFish Center in year 2006. Socio-economic impact of this management was compared with control beel Chandpur. Beel Chandpur is 200 ha seasonal floodplain beel where also 16 landowner part time fishermen introduced fish culture during flooding. Beel Mail was stocked with 34.93 kg ha-1 fish fingerlings and beel Chandpur was stocked with 9.68 kg ha-1. Fish was harvested after about 6 months culture period and it was noticed that the gross production was   about 4.7 times higher in the project site than the control site. Farmers obtained TK 7481.23 ha-1 as net return based on production cost in beel Mail and TK 3261.90 ha-1 as net return based on production cost in beel Chandpur. Average fish consumption increased by 20.49% in project site. In addition, future stocking and saving fund for fishermen society were established and sharing of benefit from fish culture was more evenly distributed between landowners and landless fishermen in project site than control beel. Keywords: Beel; Landowner; Landless; Community based fisheries management. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3430                J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 369-379 (2010)
Ovarian Development of the Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain in a Tropical Mangrove Swamps, Thailand
Authors: Islam M. S. , Kodama K. , Kurokora H.
Published: May 2010

The present study describes the ovarian development stages of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain from Pak Phanang mangrove swamps, Thailand. Samples were taken from local fishermen between June 2006 and December 2007. Ovarian development was determined based on both morphological appearance and histological observation. Ovarian development was classified into five stages: proliferation (stage I), previtellogenesis (II), primary vitellogenesis (III), secondary vitellogenesis (IV) and tertiary vitellogenesis (V). The formation of vacuolated globules is the initiation of primary vitellogenesis and primary growth. The follicle cells were found around the periphery of the lobes, among the groups of oogonia and oocytes. The follicle cells were hardly visible at the secondary and tertiary vitellogenesis stages. Yolk granules occurred in the primary vitellogenesis stage and are first initiated in the inner part of the oocytes, then gradually concentrated to the periphery of the cytoplasm. The study revealed that the initiation of vitellogenesis could be identified by external observation of the ovary but could not indicate precisely.  Keywords: Ovarian maturation; Ovarian histology; Mud crab; Scylla paramamosain.  © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3543                 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 380-389 (2010)
Substituent Electronic Effects on the Mulliken Charges of N-(4-Substituted Benzylidene)-1-Phenylmethanamine Oxide Elucidated by DFT Calculations
Authors: Essa A. H.
Published: May 2010

Calculations based on density functional methods are carried out to investigate the effects of a variety of substituents (NMe2, OMe, Me, F, H, Cl, CN, NO2) on the Mulliken charges (QM) for Ca and N atoms of N-(4-Substituted benzylidene)-1-phenylmethanamine oxide using Hammett’s MSP and Taft’s DSP equations. The MSP and DSP correlations give normal substituent effect at Ca and N atom sites. This can be attributed to extended pi-polarization, which predominates over the localized pi-polarization. Keywords:  Correlation analysis; Hammett’s and Taft’s equations; Nitrone compounds; pi-polarization; Mulliken charges; DFT calculation. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3634                J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 330-336 (2010)
Synthesis of 2,4,6-triarylpyridines Using AlPO4 Under Solvent-free Conditions
Authors: Rajput P. , Subhashini N. J. P. , Raj Shiva
Published: May 2010

A series of 2,4,6-triarylpyridines have been prepared using a variety of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes in the presence of aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) as a heterogeneous catalyst at 120 oC under solvent-free conditions. The present methodology offers several advantages such as excellent yields, simple procedure, shorter reaction times, milder conditions and the catalyst exhibited remarkable reusable activity. Keywords: Aluminum phosphate; 2,4,6-triarylpyridines; One-pot synthesis; Shorter reaction times;  Reusable activity.  © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3859               J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 337-342 (2010)
Effect of pH on Metal Extraction From Bauxite Ore by Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans
Authors: Khan Z. S. , Shaikh S. M. , Ade A. B.
Published: May 2010

The extremophile, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was selected to study the effect of pH on metal extraction from bauxite ore. This bacterium was inoculated in 9K medium having different pH, along with the bauxite ore, as metal source.  After one month of incubation the extraction of metals aluminum and iron was measured by spectrophotometric methods.  It was found that the extraction of aluminum was found better as compare to iron from bauxite at pH 2. Keywords: Aluminum; iron; metal extraction; pH; Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.4020                 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 403-406 (2010)
Unfolding Low-Energy Gamma-Ray Spectrum Obtained with NaI(Tl) in Air Using Matrix Inversion Method
Authors: Rahman M. S. , Cho G.
Published: May 2010

Matrix inversion method is presented to unfold the gamma-ray spectrum obtained with an NaI(Tl) detector using several standard gamma-ray sources. The method is based on response matrix generated by Monte Carlo simulation of mono-energy gamma-ray photon ranging from 10 keV to 1 MeV in step of 10 keV. The comparison of the measured and simulated response function was also performed in order to validate the simulation response function. Good agreement was achieved around the photo-peak region of the spectrum, but slight deviation was observed at low energy region especially at Compton continuum region. The Compton continuum count was significantly transferred into the corresponding photo-peak and consequently the peak to background ratio was improved substantially by the application of the unfolding method. Therefore, small peak can be identified and analyzed that would otherwise be lost in the background.  Keywords: Gamma-ray spectrum; Unfold; NaI(Tl). © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.4372              J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 221-226 (2010)
Numerical Solutions of Fredholm Integral Equations Using Bernstein Polynomials
Authors: Shirin A. , Islam M. S.
Published: May 2010

In this paper, Bernstein piecewise polynomials are used to solve the integral equations numerically. A matrix formulation is given for a non-singular linear Fredholm Integral Equation by the technique of Galerkin method. In the Galerkin method, the Bernstein polynomials are used as the approximation of basis functions. Examples are considered to verify the effectiveness of the proposed derivations, and the numerical solutions guarantee the desired accuracy.  Keywords: Fredholm integral equation; Galerkin method; Bernstein polynomials. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.4483               J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 264-272 (2010)
Approaches to Dance (1): Influences
Authors: Franko Mark
Published: May 2010

This is an autobiographical account of the intellectual and artistic influences on the work of Mark Franko. It touches on his professional dance career with the Paul Sanasardo Dance Company and his choreographic career with his own company NovAntiqua, his graduate education at Columbia University, and the development of an interdisciplinary approach to theory and practice that blends the activities of the dance scholar with those of the dancer-choreographer.
Distinctiveness of Bean Landraces in Italy: the Case Study of the ‘Badda’ Bean
Authors: Paniconi Giulia , Gianfilippi Federica , Mosconi Pietro , Mazzucato Andrea
Published: May 2010

In this study, we present the morphological and molecular characterization of the ‘Badda’ bean, a landrace of outstanding organoleptic qualities that is diffused in the area of Polizzi in the province of Palermo in Sicily, Italy. This landrace is entitled to be valorized in the local market and therefore needs a thorough description to draw criteria to establish its distinctiveness from landraces with morphological and geographical proximity. Three ‘Badda’ accessions, representing the morphological variability within the landrace, have been evaluated together with suitable references. With the help of morpho-physiological traits, digital scanning of apical leaflets and ISSR molecular markers, we describe a spectrum of descriptors useful to distinguish the ‘Badda’ accessions among themselves and from similar landraces.
Learning Genetic Population Structures Using Minimization of Stochastic Complexity
Authors: Corander Jukka , Gyllenberg Mats , Koski Timo
Published: May 2010

Considerable research efforts have been devoted to probabilistic modeling of genetic population structures within the past decade. In particular, a wide spectrum of Bayesian models have been proposed for unlinked molecular marker data from diploid organisms. Here we derive a theoretical framework for learning genetic population structure of a haploid organism from bi-allelic markers for which potential patterns of dependence are a priori unknown and to be explicitly incorporated in the model. Our framework is based on the principle of minimizing stochastic complexity of an unsupervised classification under tree augmented factorization of the predictive data distribution. We discuss a fast implementation of the learning framework using deterministic algorithms.
Sensitivity of Air Pollution-Induced Premature Mortality to Precursor Emissions under the Influence of Climate Change
Authors: Tagaris Efthimios , Liao Kuo-Jen , DeLucia Anthony J. , Deck Leland , Amar Praveen , Russell Armistead G.
Published: May 2010

The relative contributions of PM2.5 and ozone precursor emissions to air pollution-related premature mortality modulated by climate change are estimated for the U.S. using sensitivities of air pollutants to precursor emissions and health outcomes for 2001 and 2050. Result suggests that states with high emission rates and significant premature mortality increases induced by PM2.5 will substantially benefit in the future from SO2, anthropogenic NOX and NH3 emissions reductions while states with premature mortality increases induced by O3 will benefit mainly from anthropogenic NOX emissions reduction. Much of the increase in premature mortality expected from climate change-induced pollutant increases can be offset by targeting a specific precursor emission in most states based on the modeling approach followed here.
Stem Cell-Based Neuroprotective and Neurorestorative Strategies
Authors: Hung Chia-Wei , Liou Ying-Jay , Lu Shao-Wei , Tseng Ling-Ming , Kao Chung-Lan , Chen Shih-Jen , Chiou Shih-Hwa , Chang Charn-Jung
Published: May 2010

Stem cells, a special subset of cells derived from embryo or adult tissues, are known to present the characteristics of self-renewal, multiple lineages of differentiation, high plastic capability, and long-term maintenance. Recent reports have further suggested that neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from the adult hippocampal and subventricular regions possess the utilizing potential to develop the transplantation strategies and to screen the candidate agents for neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and neuroplasticity in neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we review the roles of NSCs and other stem cells in neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapies for neurological and psychiatric diseases. We show the evidences that NSCs play the key roles involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including depression, stroke and Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, the potential and possible utilities of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), reprogramming from adult fibroblasts with ectopic expression of four embryonic genes, are also reviewed and further discussed. An understanding of the biophysiology of stem cells could help us elucidate the pathogenicity and develop new treatments for neurodegenerative disorders. In contrast to cell transplantation therapies, the application of stem cells can further provide a platform for drug discovery and small molecular testing, including Chinese herbal medicines. In addition, the high-throughput stem cell-based systems can be used to elucidate the mechanisms of neuroprotective candidates in translation medical research for neurodegenerative diseases.
CHRONICAL
Authors: Astra Lilijana , Barevičiūtė Jovilė , Jackūnas Žibartas , Konickis Andrius , Kowalska W. Małgorzata , Levickaitė Rasa , Nikiforova Basia , Shirokanova Anna
Published: May 2010

„From borderline to borderland" LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics, 3(1), p. 87-101
Annihilating love and heterosexuality without women: Romance, generic difference, and queer politics in "Supernatural" fan fiction
Authors: Flegel Monica , Roth Jenny
Published: May 2010

This essay examines the differing generic tropes and sexual politics evident in Supernatural slash and in J2 fan fic. We argue that while some stories within Supernatural fan fiction provide happy endings to the characters that are denied them in the show's canon, dark!fic instead focuses on the intensity and exclusivity of Sam and Dean's love, thus illuminating dangers at the heart of the one-true-love trope. We also argue that RPS written within the Supernatural fan community demonstrates greater adherence to conventional romance tropes and normative sexualities, and thus reveals important ideological constructs of heteronormativity.
"Let's get those Winchesters pregnant": Male pregnancy in "Supernatural" fan fiction
Authors: Åström Berit
Published: May 2010

This article investigates mpreg slash fiction—same-sex relationships featuring male pregnancy—based on the television series Supernatural, looking at issues of gender and genre. It has been argued that slash writing is a highly subversive and resisting activity, appropriating someone else's characters and rewriting the romance script to suit different tastes than those prescribed by patriarchy. Yet fan fic texts are very diverse and it is difficult, if not impossible, to draw any general conclusions from them. The theme of male pregnancy has the potential to produce narratives that challenge our notions of gender, identity, sexual and social practices, as well as parenthood. Although the fan fiction I have analyzed all deals with these notions in various ways, the focus lies elsewhere. The authors of the texts focus more on exploring Sam and Dean as fathers and homemakers, on writing about family life, with all its traditional trappings. When the authors bring pregnancy into the equation, they draw on narrative and social conventions that follow this experience, resulting in conventional stories set in a very unconventional universe.
Infernal redemption
Authors: Zarin Babak
Published: May 2010

Supernatural and Luminosity's fan vid "The Fifth Circle" use allusions to Dante's inferno to display Sam and Dean's sins and how they are absolved.
box of mirrors, a unicorn, and a pony
Authors: Wilkinson Jules
Published: May 2010

Fans and creators have traditionally treated fanworks with a "don't ask, don't tell" policy. However, Supernatural incorporates fans and their creative works into the show itself, changing the status quo of the fan/creator relationship.
Tlön, fandom, and source texts: The effect of fan works on the narrative of "Supernatural"
Authors: Sivarajan Deepa
Published: May 2010

Fandom has helped shape Supernatural through the ideas and critiques presented in transformative works, and through its very presence online.
Interview with Keith R. A. DeCandido
Authors: Editor TWC
Published: May 2010

TWC interviews Keith R. A. DeCandido, author of Supernatural tie-in novels Nevermore, Bone Key, and Heart of the Dragon.
"I'm glad we got burned, think of all the things we learned": Fandom conflict and context in Counteragent's "Still Alive"
Authors: Freund Katharina
Published: May 2010

A close reading of Counteragent's fan vid, "Still Alive."
"Scare tactics: Supernatural fiction by American women," by Andrew Jeffrey Weinstock
Authors: Gil-Curiel Germán
Published: May 2010

Review of Andrew Jeffrey Weinstock. Scare tactics: Supernatural fiction by American women. New York: Fordham University Press, 2008. Hardcover, $50 (228p) ISBN 978-0823229857.
"Supernatural role playing game," by J. Chambers
Authors: Schules Douglas
Published: May 2010

Review of Jamie Chambers. Supernatural role playing game. Williams Bay, WI: Margaret Weis Productions, 2009. Hardcover, $39.99 (224p) ISBN 978-1931567497.
Interview with the Super-wiki admin team
Authors: Kaplan Deborah
Published: May 2010

Interview with Hope, Leandra, Jules (aka Missyjack), and Vanae of the Super-wiki admin team on the wiki's creation, its content, and the challenges unique to crowd-sourced information and multiauthorship, conducted by Deborah Kaplan.
Post-traumatic stress, depression, and community integration a long time after whiplash injury
Authors: Stålnacke Britt-Marie
Published: May 2010

Psychological factors such as post-traumatic stress and depression may play an important role in the recovery after whiplash injuries. Difficulties in psychosocial functioning with limitations in everyday life may dominate for some time after the injury. Our study therefore investigates the relationships between pain, post-traumatic stress, depression, and community integration. A set of questionnaires was answered by 191 persons (88 men, 103 women) five years after a whiplash injury to assess pain intensity (visual analogue scale, VAS), whiplash-related symptoms, post-traumatic stress (impact of event scale, IES), depression (Beck depression inventory, BDIII), community integration (community integration questionnaire, CIQ), life satisfaction (LiSat-11). One or more depressive symptoms were reported by 74% of persons; 22% reported scores that were classified as mild to severe depression. The presence of at least one post-traumatic symptom was reported by 70% of persons, and 38% reported mild to severe stress. Total scores of community integration for women were statistically significantly higher than for men. The total VAS score was correlated positively to the IES (r=0.456, P<0.456), the BDI (r=0.646, P<0.001), and negatively to the CIQ (r=-0.300, P<0.001). These results highlight the view that a significant proportion of people experience both pain and psychological difficulties for a long time after a whiplash injury. These findings should be taken into consideration in the management of subjects with chronic whiplash symptoms and may support a multi-professional rehabilitation model that integrates physical, psychological, and psychosocial factors.
Paratesticular myxoid liposarcoma in a 23-year old Nigerian
Authors: Ugwumba Fred O , Okafor Okechukwu C , Nnakenyi Emeka F , Nnabugwu Ikenna I , Mbadiwe Okezie M
Published: May 2010

Paratesticular liposarcomas are rare tumors and are usually seen in patients in middle age or older. Optimal treatment is radical orchidectomy. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy is added for advanced disease or recurrences. These practice guidelines often vary from the experience in developing countries.

We present a 23-year old man who presented with paratesticular myxoid liposarcoma, after transscrotal orchidectomy for ‘testicular tumor’ without histology. He was subsequently managed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and complete tumor excision.

A case of paratesticular myxoid liposarcoma in a young man is highlighted. Also noted is the fact that complete extirpation at primary surgery reduces the risk of local recurrence. The practice of transscrotal orchidectomy and non-submission of surgical specimens is highlighted and condemned.
Fertility-sparing operation for recurrence of uterine cervical perivascular epithelioid cell tumor
Authors: Yamamoto Eiko , Ino Kazuhiko , Sakurai Maiko , Takigawa Sachiko , Iwase Akira , Kikkawa Fumitaka
Published: May 2010

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa) are mesenchymal tumors composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive perivascular epithelial cells. Although the uterine corpus seems to be one of the most prevalent sites of involvement, PEComa of the uterine cervix are very rare. Only four cervical PEComa cases have been described, and were treated with hysterectomy and radiotherapy.

We report a case of a 24-year-old nulligravida woman who presented with acute abdominal pain and was diagnosed with a rupture of an ovarian chocolate cyst. Subsequent surgery revealed that the tumor arose in the uterus, and the histological diagnosis was uterine PEComa with low potential malignancy. Recurrent PEComa in the uterine cervix were excised twice, and she remains disease free 12 months after the last operation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of recurrent cervical PEComa with fertility-preserving surgery. Estimating the malignant potential and appropriate surgery are essential for young patients with uterine PEComa.
Endometrial stromal sarcoma with selective polyvinyl alcohol embolization of a pulmonary metastasis after recurrent hemoptysis and expansive growth
Authors: de Bucourt Maximilian , Streitparth Florian , Walter Thula , Teichgräber Ulf
Published: May 2010

A 63-year-old female with a well-vascularized pulmonary metastasis of an endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) of 6×6 cm received selective embolization with 150–250 μm polyvinyl alcohol (Contour; Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA) via a bronchial artery. Post-interventional loss of perfusion was qualitatively estimated to be >80%. The lesion was located in direct proximity to the pulmonary hilar vessels. Owing to recurrent and sudden hemoptyses, an interdisciplinary tumor board assessed the risk of life-threatening blood loss to be greater than that of angiography with particle embolization and agreed on an endovascular approach. Hemoptysis did not recur in a follow-up period of six months. Initial clinical symptoms were noted 25 years ago. However, establishing a definite diagnosis has, for a long time, remained a histopathological challenge.