bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entering the new digital era of intensive care medicine: an overview of interdisciplinary approaches to use artificial intelligence for patients’ benefit
Authors: Old Oliver , Friedrichson Benjamin , Zacharowski Kai , Kloka Jan Andreas
Published: December 2022

The idea of implementing artificial intelligence in medicine is as old as artificial intelligence itself. So far, technical difficulties have prevented the integration of artificial intelligence in day-to-day healthcare. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a substantial amount of funding went into projects to research and implement artificial intelligence in healthcare. So far, artificial intelligence-based tools have had little impact in the fight against COVID-19. The reasons for the lack of success are complex. With advancing digitalisation, new data-based developed methods and research are finding their way into intensive care medicine. Data scientists and medical professionals, representing two different worlds, are slowly uniting. These two highly specialised fields do not yet speak a uniform language. Each field has its own interests and objectives. We took this idea as a starting point for this technical guide and aim to provide a deeper understanding of the terminology, applications, opportunities and risks of such applications for physicians. The most important terms in the field of machine learning are defined within a medical context to assure that the same language is spoken. The future of artificial intelligence applications will largely depend on the ability of artificial intelligence experts and physicians to cooperate in order to release the true power of artificial intelligence. Large research consortia, covering both technical and medical expertise, will grow because of growing demand in the future.
Short-term associations between ambient air pollution and emergency department visits for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias
Authors: Zhang Haisu , Shi Liuhua , Ebelt Stefanie T. , D’Souza Rohan R. , Schwartz Joel D. , Scovronick Noah , Chang Howard H.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Dementia is a seriously disabling illness with substantial economic and social burdens. Alzheimer’s disease and its related dementias (AD/ADRD) constitute about two-thirds of dementias. AD/ADRD patients have a high prevalence of comorbid conditions that are known to be exacerbated by exposure to ambient air pollution. Existing studies mostly focused on the long-term association between air pollution and AD/ADRD morbidity, while very few have investigated short-term associations. This study aims to estimate short-term associations between AD/ADRD emergency department (ED) visits and three common air pollutants: fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and warm-season ozone.

Methods:

For the period 2005 to 2015, we analyzed over 7.5 million AD/ADRD ED visits in five US states (California, Missouri, North Carolina, New Jersey, and New York) using a time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression. Daily estimated PM2.5, NO2, and warm-season ozone concentrations at 1 km spatial resolution were aggregated to the ZIP code level as exposure.

Results:

The most consistent positive association was found for NO2. Across five states, a 17.1 ppb increase in NO2 concentration over a 4-day period was associated with a 0.61% (95% confidence interval = 0.27%, 0.95%) increase in AD/ADRD ED visits. For PM2.5, a positive association with AD/ADRD ED visits was found only in New York (0.64%, 95% confidence interval = 0.26%, 1.01% per 6.3 µg/m3). Associations with warm-season ozone levels were null.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest AD/ADRD patients are vulnerable to short-term health effects of ambient air pollution and strategies to lower exposure may reduce morbidity.
Psychometric Testing of the Chinese Version of the Self-care of Heart Failure Index Version 7.2
Authors: Li Fenna , Lin Lixia , Sun Xingyuan , Chair Sekying , Liu Xu , Cao Xi
Published: December 2022

Background

Self-care is essential in patients with heart failure (HF).

Objective

Our objective was to test psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Self-care of Heart Failure Index version 7.2 (SCHFI v7.2-C).

Methods

The English version of SCHFI v7.2 was translated into Chinese using the modified Brislin translation model. Psychometric tests of the SCHFI v7.2-C were performed in 320 Chinese patients with HF. Content validity, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, concurrent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were examined to determine validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Validity and reliability were assessed for the self-care maintenance, symptom perception, and self-care management scales. SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used for data analysis.

Results

Mean (SD) age of the sample was 61.2 (14.20) years. Scale content validity index ranged from 0.93 to 0.97 across the 3 scales. Results of confirmatory factor analysis supported structural validity of the 3 scales. Self-care was significantly associated with quality of life, and those with more HF experience had significantly better self-care than those with less experience, supporting construct validity. The SCHFI v7.2-C was associated with the 12-item European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale. Cronbach α coefficients for the self-care maintenance, symptom perception, and self-care management scales were 0.79, 0.89, and 0.77, respectively; their test-retest reliability was 0.76, 0.78, and 0.75, respectively.

Conclusion

The SCHFI v7.2-C is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in Chinese patients with HF.
Males, Older Age, Increased Training, Chronic Diseases, Allergies, and History of Injury Are Independent Risk Factors Associated With a History of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramping in Distance Runners in 76 654 Race Entrants – SAFER XXIX
Authors: de Jager Izaan , Schwellnus Martin , Sewry Nicola , Viljoen Carel , Korkie Elzette , Swanevelder Sonja , Jordaan Esme
Published: December 2022

Objective:

To determine independent risk factors associated with a history of exercise-associated muscle cramps (hEAMCs) in distance runner race entrants in a community-based mass participation event.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

2012 to 2015, Two Oceans marathon races (21.1 and 56 km), South Africa.

Participants:

Seventy six thousand six hundred fifty-four consenting race entrants.

Assessment of Risk Factors:

Entrants completed an online prerace medical screening questionnaire as part of the entry process. In a multiple model, sex, age, training variables, history of chronic disease, allergies, and running injuries were included as potential factors associated with hEAMC in 21.1 and 56 km entrants.

Main Outcome Measures:

Prevalence (%) and prevalence ratios (PRs, 95% confidence intervals) are reported.

Results:

Men (P < 0.0001) and older age (>40 years, P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with hEAMC. Therefore, the model was adjusted for sex and age group and run separately for 21.1- and 56-km entrants. Specific independent risk factors associated with hEAMC in 21.1- and 56-km entrants were: a history of chronic diseases (21.1 km: PR = 1.9; 56 km: PR = 1.6; P < 0.0001), running injury in the last 12 months (21.1 km: PR = 1.7; 56 km: PR = 1.4; P < 0.0001), history of allergies (21.1 km: PR = 1.4; 56 km: PR = 1.2; P < 0.0001), and various training variables (PR = 1.0-1.1).

Conclusion:

In 21.1- and 56-km race entrants, independent risk factors associated with hEAMC were men, older age, longer race distances, training variables, chronic diseases, history of allergies, and history of a running injury in the past 12 months.
Pilot study to estimate the safety and effectiveness of hydroxyurea and methotrexate recurrent langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH-HU-pilot)
Authors: Sakamoto Kenichi , Kikuchi Kayoko , Sako Mayumi , Kato Miho , Takimoto Tetsuya , Shioda Yoko
Published: December 2022

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is the most frequent type of histiocytosis and is characterized by both “inflammation/immune dysregulation” and “neoplastic disorder.” Although overall survival has remarkably improved through consecutive previous studies, the relapse-free survival rate is still only 60% to 70%, even in the latest clinical trials. Relapse of LCH is the most significant risk factor for permanent consequences in the central nervous system, such as diabetes insipidus, anterior pituitary hormone deficiency, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this trial, we evaluated the safety and effectiveness of hydroxyurea and methotrexate in recurrent LCH. Treatments in this study consisted of only orally administered drugs and not intravascularly administered drugs. Hydroxyurea therapy for patients with LCH is expected to be safer, less painful, and more cost-effective than other treatments for LCH. The results of this study could provide new therapeutic alternatives for recurrent LCH.

Methods and analysis:

This study was a non-blinded, multicenter, single-arm study. Recurrent (relapsed) LCH is defined as the appearance of new lesions or the enlargement of preexisting lesions due to LCH. In this study, all patients received hydroxyurea, and if the treatment response was unsatisfactory, methotrexate was added. The duration of treatment was 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was the rate of non-active disease achievement, which was 24 weeks after initiating hydroxyurea administration. No active disease is defined as the resolution of all the signs and symptoms related to LCH.
The relationship between cardiological parameters and PCR in patients with coronavirus infection: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Majidi Fatemeh , Mohagheghi Dare Ranj Abbas , Jameie Mana , Jameie Melika , Mansouri Pejman , Varpaei Hesam Aldin , Shirani Shahin
Published: December 2022

Cardiovascular injuries induced by SARS CoV-2 have been reported repeatedly in various studies. Therefore, it is necessary to understand cardiac complications at a low cost, quickly. This study aimed to determine the relationship between cardiological parameters and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in patients with coronavirus infection. : Patients who were admitted to the emergency department due to the ongoing pandemic, all patients with similar symptoms to coronavirus disease 2019 infection were initially admitted to the respiratory emergency room and underwent subsequent evaluations to confirm or rule out SARS-COV2 infection symptoms were assessed for eligibility. Patient were categorized into 2 groups 1. Positive PCR and negative PCR groups. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the effect of several factors on the likelihood of developing positive troponin, reduced ejection fraction (EF), and Positive brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Among 195 patients included, 115 (58.9%) had positive PCR. Patient in the positive PCR and negative PCR were 58.04 ± 18.03 and 59.19 ± 15.38 years of age, respectively. Patients in the “positive PCR” were significantly less likely to have chronic kidney disease (6.69% vs 17.5%, P value: .022), consume calcium channel blockers (6.69% vs 18.75%, P value:0.012). At the univariable level, positive PCR was significantly associated with fewer odds for positive BNP (OR:0.46, P = .019); nevertheless, the association was no longer significant after adjusting for confounders (adjusted OR:0.56, P = .158). Unadjusted positive PCR results were not found to have a significant association with positive troponin or reduced EF. Likewise, multivariable regression revealed no association between positive PCR and positive troponin (aOR:1.28, P = .529) and reduced EF (aOR:0.65, P = .369). PCR positivity did not result in positive troponin and BNP and did not appear to decrease EF. In other words, serial troponin and BNP checks and initial echocardiography in coronavirus disease 2019 respiratory emergencies do not make significant differences in diagnostic and therapeutic management and inpatient outcomes of patients with positive or negative PCR and are not specific findings. Evidence suggests some coronavirus-induced cardiac complications will be manifested in the long term.
Concepts of dementia prevention in the health promotion among older adults: A narrative review
Authors: Tsai Fu-Ju , Shen Sheng-Wei
Published: December 2022

The number of older adults with dementia is predicted to markedly increase in the coming decades. A person suffers from dementia every 3 seconds globally, and one out of every 7 people suffers from dementia in Taiwan. The purpose of this narrative review is to integrate existing concepts of dementia prevention into health promotion and improve older adults’ quality of life. This narrative review was performed using the PubMed database by searching for basic research and systematic reviews on dementia prevention and health promotion among older adults. We established a framework for dementia prevention and health promotion with regard to the physical, mental, spiritual, and social health aspects. We identified the following strategies related to older adults towards dementia prevention and health promotion in follows: Physical health promotion: cognitive activities, physical activities, body mass index, balanced diet, rainbow diet, Mediterranean diet, dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet, mind diet, no smoking and drinking, avoiding the “three highs” (i.e., hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension), and head trauma; Mental health promotion: Positive thinking, Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5), depression scale, and ascertained dementia 8 questionnaire (AD8) screening; Spiritual health promotion: religious beliefs, spiritual music, meditative activities, mindfulness, yoga, Qi-gong, Tai-chi, and Baduanjin; and Social health promotion: A supportive family system, socialization, social support, social networks, social interaction, and social participation. The conclusion of this narrative review was to integrate the concepts of dementia prevention and health promotion among older adults.
Cuproptosis-associated genes and immune microenvironment characterization in breast cancer
Authors: Shen Lijuan , He Youwu , Fang Chunhui , Qiu Haiyan , Chen Qing , Huang Fang , Wu Zhengyuan
Published: December 2022

Excess Cu can cause cell death as a cofactor for essential enzymes. The relationship between cuproptosis-associated genes (CAGs) and breast cancer (BR) is not completely investigated. Here, the transcriptome expression and mutation profile data of BR samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas database were retrieved to identify CAGs. Patients with BR were clustered using consensus clustering. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis was then performed to construct a CAGs risk signature. As a result, all 13 cuproptosis regulators were significantly differentially expressed between BR and normal samples; among them, 9 cuproptosis genes were correlated with prognoses. Patients with BR were separated into 2 clusters that were associated with patient survival, clinical phenotypes, and immune infiltration, Based on the components of cuproptosis. Subsequently, genes differentially expressed between clusters were obtained, and 11 CAGs were ultimately incorporated into the risk signature. Functional analyses revealed that the risk signature correlated with patient outcomes, ER, PR, HER2 expression, and BR IHC subtypes. Additionally, immune microenvironment analyses showed that CAGs-high-risk patients exhibited lower immune cell infiltration and immune functions. Furthermore, high-risk BR patients had higher TMB, lower immune checkpoint expression, higher m6A gene expression, and higher tumor stemness. Finally, the immunophenoscore analysis revealed that the risk signature could potentially predict the immune response in BR and help guide the application of various immunotherapeutic drugs. Overall, the newly constructed CAGs risk signature presented a predictive value for the prognosis and tumor microenvironment of BR patients and can be further used in the guidance of immunotherapy for BR.
Efficacy and quality of life of Romiplostim in adults and children with immune thrombocytopenia: A review
Authors: He Xin , Ran Ningyuan , Wang Ting , Shao Zonghong
Published: December 2022

Background:

To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy, drug safety and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of Romiplostim in adult and child immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients.

Methods:

PubMed, EMBASE and Cohrane library databases were searched for all randomized controlled trials published until 2022, and the Review Manager 5.3 was used for meta-analysis.

Results:

A total of 9 randomized controlled trials were included in this study. The results of meta-analysis showed that the total platelet response rate and long-term platelet response rate in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the side effects, serious side effects, bleeding events and serious bleeding events between 2 groups (P>0.05). Compared with control group, the HRQoL in ITP adults and children, and parents of ITP children had no statistical significance (P>0.05).

Conclusion:

Romiplostim has a certain clinical efficacy in ITP adults and children, and relatively small adverse drug reactions. The improvement of Romiplostim on HRQoL in ITP adults and children is not clear.
Pharyngeal Gonorrhea in Heterosexual Male and Female Sex Partners of Persons With Gonorrhea
Authors: McLaughlin Stephanie E. , Golden Matthew R. , Soge Olusegun O. , Berzkalns Anna , Thibault Christina S. , Barbee Lindley A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Current guidance from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends empiric treatment for persons exposed to sexually transmitted infections, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG). As an antimicrobial stewardship measure, some clinics now recommend a test and treat strategy, but reliance on urogenital testing only may miss cases.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive analysis of pharyngeal NG infection in men who have sex with women (MSW) and women seeking care at a sexual health clinic in Seattle, WA, from February 2017 to July 2021 because of sexual contact to a partner diagnosed with gonorrhea. We also explored behavioral factors associated with pharyngeal NG positivity (by culture or nucleic acid amplification test by χ
2 analysis.

Results

Among 352 NG contacts tested for urogenital or pharyngeal infection, 34% were positive for NG at ≥1 anatomic site (27% for MSW and 40% for women). Among 161 NG contacts tested at the pharynx, 30% (n = 48) were positive: 20% of 54 MSW (n = 11) and 35% (n = 37) of 107 women. If only urogenital testing were performed, 36% of MSW NG infections (n = 5) and 19% of female NG infections (n = 9) would have remained unidentified.

Conclusions

Pharyngeal NG is relatively common among MSW and women who have been exposed to NG, and likely represents an underdiagnosed reservoir of NG infection. If empiric treatment is abandoned in favor of testing and treating, testing the throats of heterosexuals will be necessary.
BLOOD TYPE O IS A RISK FACTOR FOR HYPERFIBRINOLYSIS AND MASSIVE TRANSFUSION AFTER SEVERE INJURY
Authors: DeBot Margot , Eitel Andrew P. , Moore Ernest E. , Sauaia Angela , Lutz Patrick , Schaid Terry R. , Hadley Jamie B. , Kissau Daniel J. , Cohen Mitchell J. , Kelher Marguerite R. , Silliman Christopher C.
Published: December 2022

Background: Blood type O is the most common blood type and has lower von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels (25%–35% lower than non-O blood types). von Willebrand factor is important for initiating platelet attachment and binding factor VIII. We hypothesized that patients with type O blood are at an increased risk of trauma-induced coagulopathy and bleeding post injury. Study Design: Adult trauma activations with known blood type at a level I trauma center with field systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg were studied retrospectively. The relationships of blood group O versus non-O to coagulation assays, massive transfusion (MT), ventilator-free days, and mortality were adjusted for confounders. Hyperfibrinolysis (HF) was defined as thromboelastogram of percent lysis in 30 min > 3%, and fibrinolysis shutdown was defined as percent lysis in 30 min < 0.9%. von Willebrand factor activity was quantified on 212 injured patients using a STAGO apparatus. Results: Overall, 268 patients met criteria. Type O patients were more likely to develop HF than non–type O blood patients (43% vs. 29%, P = 0.06) and had significantly lower vWF activity (222% vs. 249%, P = 0.01). After adjustment for New Injury Severity Score and blunt mechanism, type O had higher odds of HF (odds ratio, 1.94, 95% confidence interval, 1.09–3.47) and increased odds of MT (odds ratio, 3.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–7.49). Other outcomes were not significantly affected. Conclusion: Type O patients with hypotension had increased HF and MT post injury, and these were associated with lower vWF activity. These findings have implications for the monitoring of HF in patients receiving type O whole-blood transfusions post injury.
MULTIMODAL TREATMENT APPROACHES TO COMBINED TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK ALTER POSTINJURY INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Authors: Wallen Taylor E. , Baucom Matthew R. , England Lisa G. , Schuster Rebecca M. , Pritts Timothy A. , Goodman Michael D.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The optimal management strategies for patients with polytraumatic injuries that include traumatic brain injury (TBI) are not well defined. Specific interventions including tranexamic acid (TXA), propranolol, and hypertonic saline (HTS) have each demonstrated benefits in patient mortality after TBI, but have not been applied to TBI patients with concomitant hemorrhage. The goals of our study were to determine the inflammatory effects of resuscitation strategy using HTS or shed whole blood (WB) and evaluate the cerebral and systemic inflammatory effects of adjunct treatment with TXA and propranolol after combined TBI + hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Mice underwent TBI via weight drop and were subsequently randomized into six experimental groups: three with HTS resuscitation and three with WB resuscitation. Mice were then subjected to controlled hemorrhagic shock for 1 h to a goal MAP of 25 mmHg. Mice were then treated with an i.p. dose of 4 mg/kg propranolol, 100 mg/kg TXA, or normal saline (NS) as a control. Mice were killed at 1, 6, or 24 h for serum and cerebral biomarker evaluation by multiplex ELISA and serum neuron-specific enolase, a biomarker of cerebral cellular injury. Results: Mice resuscitated with HTS had elevated serum proinflammatory cytokines compared with WB resuscitated groups at 6 and 24 h after injury, with no significant difference in cerebral cytokine levels. Within the TBI/shock + HTS groups, the addition of propranolol or TXA did not significantly alter serum cytokine concentration, but cerebral IL-2, IL-12, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) decreased after propranolol administration. In the TBI/shock + WB cohorts, the addition of both propranolol and TXA increased systemic proinflammatory cytokine levels at 6 and 24 h after injury as demonstrated by serum IL-2, IL-12, MIP-1α, and IL-1β compared with NS control. By contrast, TBI/shock + WB mice demonstrated a significant reduction in cerebral IL-2, IL-12, and MIP-1α in propranolol treated mice 6 h after injury compared with NS group. While serum neuron-specific enolase was significantly increased 1 and 24 h after injury in TBI/shock + HTS + TXA cohorts compared with NS control, it was significantly reduced in the TBI/shock + WB + propranolol mice compared with NS control 24 h after injury. Conclusions: Whole blood resuscitation can reduce the acute postinjury neuroinflammatory response after combined TBI/shock compared with HTS. The addition of either propranolol or TXA may modulate the postinjury systemic and cerebral inflammatory response with more improvements noted after propranolol administration. Multimodal treatment with resuscitation and pharmacologic therapy after TBI and hemorrhagic shock may mitigate the inflammatory response to these injuries to improve recovery.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION AND PROGNOSTIC UTILITY OF NEURONAL INJURY BIOMARKERS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Vrettou Charikleia S. , Vassiliou Alice G. , Pratikaki Maria , Keskinidou Chrysi , Tsipilis Stamatios , Gallos Parisis , Jahaj Edison , Orfanos Stylianos E. , Kotanidou Anastasia , Dimopoulou Ioanna
Published: December 2022

Background: COVID-19 disease severity markers include mostly molecules related to not only tissue perfusion, inflammation, and thrombosis, but also biomarkers of neural injury. Clinical and basic research has demonstrated that SARS-COV-2 affects the central nervous system. The aims of the present study were to investigate the role of neural injury biomarkers and to compare them with inflammatory markers in their predictive ability of mortality. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in critically ill patients with COVID-19 and in a cohort of patients with moderate/severe disease. S100b, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and inflammatory markers, including soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), were measured on intensive care unit or ward admission, respectively. Statistical comparisons between patient groups were performed for all biomarkers under investigation. Correlations between different biomarkers were tested with Spearman correlation coefficient. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted using mortality as the classification variable and the biomarker levels on admission as the prognostic variables. Results: A total of 70 patients with COVID-19 were included in the final analysis. Of all studied biomarkers, s100b had the best predictive ability for death in the intensive care unit, with an area under the curve of 0.73 (0.61–0.83), P = 0.0003. S100b levels correlated with NSE, interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-10 (0.27 < r
s < 0.37, P < 0.05), and tended to correlate with suPAR (r
s = 0.26, P = 0.05), but not with the vasopressor dose (P = 0.62). Conclusion: Among the investigated biomarkers, s100b demonstrated the best predictive ability for death in COVID-19 patients. The overall biomarker profile of the patients implies direct involvement of the nervous system by the novel coronavirus.
Experimental Study on Gastric Labeling by Magnetic Detector Combined With Magnetic Bead
Authors: Hong Donggui , Xie Jiao , Li Dazhou , Jiang Chuanshen , He Xiaojian , Zheng Yunping , Chen Xinjiang , Li Han , Huang Jianxiao , Wang Xiaoling , Dai Lingshuang , Liu Meiyan , Wang Wen
Published: December 2022

Objective:

Preoperative labeling of gastric cancer is an important means to determine the surgical margin. At present, there are many commonly used labeling methods. However, which is more accurate and has fewer complications remains to be studied. Through animal experiments, this study explored the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of a magnetic detector combined with magnetic beads for the preoperative labeling of gastric cancer.

Methods:

A total of 10 beagle dogs were included in the study. Each dog was randomly labeled with magnetic beads in the gastric body and antrum. After labeling, the magnetic detector was used to explore the gastric serosa surface, and the positioning titanium clip was released at the detected magnetic bead. The main monitoring index was to measure the distance between the labeled magnetic beads and the positioning titanium clamped. The secondary indexes were detection time, magnetic induction intensity, magnetic bead shedding rate, mucosal injury rate, bleeding, and leukocyte and C-reactive protein levels before and 24 hours after the operation.

Results:

All 10 beagle dogs completed the marking and exploration successfully. The average distance between the magnetic beads and the positioning titanium clip in 20 cases was 5.90±2.36 mm. The average detection time was 1.60±0.69 min, and the average magnetic induction intensity was 3.76±1.11 mT. No magnetic beads were found to fall off, 1 case had a mild mucosal injury, and 2 cases had a small amount of bleeding when releasing the positioning titanium clip. The white blood cells before and 24 hours after the operation were 7.43±0.94(×109/L) versus 7.79±0.67(×109/L) (P=0.34). The C-reactive protein before and 24 hours after the operation were 5.24±0.97 µg/mL versus 5.95±1.02 µg/mL (P=0.13).

Conclusion:

A magnetic detector combined with magnetic beads for gastric cancer labeling is feasible, accurate, and safe. It is expected to be further applied in the clinic.
Enteral Nutrition Practice and Associated Factors Among Intensive Care Unit Nurses in South Korea
Authors: Lee Hyeon-Hwa , Han Mi Ah , Park Jong , Ryu So Yeon , Jang Youn Kyoung , Choi Seong Woo
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to measure enteral nutrition (EN) practice and associated factors among staff nurses in intensive care units in Korea. A total of 224 staff nurses working in 3 university hospital intensive care units were surveyed. Enteral nutrition practice was measured on the basis of Korean guidelines on EN nursing. The mean scores for EN practice was 4.02 ± 0.46 (range: 1-5). The presence of hospital guidelines and department protocols was associated with improved practice. In multiple regression analysis, the greater the level of awareness, the better the practice of EN. The results suggest that nursing practice may be improved by developing and providing guidelines and protocols, offering education, and increasing the level of awareness of EN.
Documentation of Patient Weights by Clinical Care Staff in a Rural, Regional Medical Center
Authors: Ballew Helen , Maroulakis Robin Jean , Moore Paul Barton
Published: December 2022

Weight loss over a specific time period is an important indicator for recognizing malnutrition in hospitalized patients. Documenting accurate weights in the electronic medical record is crucial to identify and treat malnutrition. The purpose of this project was to evaluate clinical care staff compliance with documenting patient weight. A medical record review was performed on 7 randomly selected days (n = 122) over a 5-week period. Documented weight and method of obtaining weight were recorded. Weight information was documented 91.2% of the time. Objective methods of obtaining patient weight were used 77.9% of the time, while subjective methods were used 13.9% of the time. Results support the need to educate the clinical care staff on the importance of documenting patient weights as an indicator of nutritional status in order to improve outcomes in malnourished and at-risk patients.
Impact of Nutritional Interprofessional Education Experience With NYU Pediatric Dental Alumni
Authors: Nandi Sheena , Leung Karen , Fernandez Jill
Published: December 2022

Interprofessional education (IPE) is a learning experience focused on collaboration, preparing health professionals to improve patient care. This article explores how IPE with dietetic interns in training has influenced views and practices of pediatric dentists after graduation. Surveys were e-mailed to 189 alumni who graduated from New York University College of Dentistry's Post Graduate Pediatric Program from 2009 to 2018. Of the 67 surveys received, 44 (23%) were completed. Most alumni found the information learned through IPE relevant to residency (90%) and current practice (84%). Ninety percent of respondents agreed pediatric dental visits should include nutritional counseling. This study supports the positive value of IPE in oral health care and education.
USES OF THE SKEW-LOGISTIC FUNCTION FOR MULTI-WAVE FUNCTIONS
Authors: Cheng Russell , Williams Brian
Published: December 2022

The Skew-Logistic (SL) function has been proposed to model a real-life dynamic process which rises monotonically to a peak followed by a monotonic decline. It was introduced to model the first stage of the Covid-19 pandemic to forecast the behaviour of Covid. Then, with different controls and variants, Covid levels rose and fell in what might be called a Multi-Wave (MW) behaviour; with the waves not necessarily the same size. This paper shows how using the SL function for one wave can be modified to model the MW situation. We apply it to two examples. One is to Covid -19, to examine its most recent behaviour. The other is to climate change, the most serious issue of our time. Ensuring that the world simply achieves carbon-equality is not enough. We have to rapidly achieve carbon-negativity to prevent bringing an end to the world as we know it.
Applying a computational transcriptomics-based drug repositioning pipeline to identify therapeutic candidates for endometriosis
Authors: Oskotsky Tomiko T , Bhoja Arohee , Bunis Daniel , Le Brian L , Kosti Idit , Li Christine , Houshdaran Sahar , Sen Sushmita , Vallvé-Juanico Júlia , Wang Wanxin , Arthurs Erin , Mahoney Lauren , Lang Lindsey , Gaudilliere Brice , Stevenson David K , Irwin Juan C , Giudice Linda C , McAllister Stacy , Sirota Marina
Published: December 2022

Endometriosis is a common, inflammatory pain disorder comprised of disease in the pelvis and abnormal uterine lining and ovarian function that affects ∼200 million women of reproductive age worldwide and up to 50% of those with pelvic pain and/or infertility. Existing medical treatments for endometriosis-related pain are often ineffective, with individuals experiencing minimal or transient pain relief or intolerable side effects limiting long-term use - thus underscoring the pressing need for new drug treatment strategies. In this study, we applied a computational drug repurposing pipeline to endometrial gene expression data in the setting of endometriosis and controls in an unstratified manner as well as stratified by disease stage and menstrual cycle phase in order to identify potential therapeutics from existing drugs, based on expression reversal. Out of the 3,131 unique genes differentially expressed by at least one of six endometriosis signatures, only 308, or 9.8%, were in common. Similarities were more pronounced when looking at therapeutic predictions: 221 out of 299 drugs identified across the six signatures, or 73.9%, were shared, and the majority of predicted compounds were concordant across disease stage-stratified and cycle phase-stratified signatures. Our pipeline returned many known treatments as well as novel candidates. We selected the NSAID fenoprofen, the top therapeutic candidate for the unstratified signature and among the top-ranked drugs for the stratified signatures, for further investigation. Our drug target network analysis shows that fenoprofen targets PPARG and PPARA which affect the growth of endometrial tissue, as well as PTGS2 (i.e., COX2), an enzyme induced by inflammation with significantly increased gene expression demonstrated in patients with endometriosis who experience severe dysmenorrhea. NSAIDs are widely prescribed for endometriosis-related dysmenorrhea and nonmenstrual pelvic pain. Our analysis of clinical records across University of California healthcare systems revealed that while NSAIDs have been commonly prescribed to the 61,306 patients identified with diagnoses of endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, or chronic pelvic pain (36,543, 59.61%), fenoprofen was infrequently prescribed to those with these conditions (5, 0.008%). We tested the effect of fenoprofen in an established rat model of endometriosis and determined that it successfully alleviated endometriosis-associated vaginal hyperalgesia, a surrogate marker for endometriosis-related pain. These findings validate fenoprofen as a potential endometriosis therapeutic and suggest the utility of future investigation into additional drug targets identified.
Children Develop Adult-Like Visual Sensitivity to Image Memorability by the Age of Four
Authors: Guo Xiaohan (Hannah) , Bainbridge Wilma A.
Published: December 2022

Adults have been shown to consistently remember and forget certain images despite large individual differences, suggesting a population-wide sensitivity to an image’s intrinsicmemorability—a measure of how successfully an image is remembered. While a decade of research has focused on image memorability among adults, the developmental trajectory of these consistencies in memory is understudied. Here, we investigate by what age children gain adultlike sensitivity to the image memorability effect. We utilized data from Saragosa-Harris et al. (2021), where 137 children aged between 3 and 5 years old encoded animal-scene image pairs and then after a 5-minute, 24-hour, or 1-week delay performed a cued recognition task for each scene target given its animal cue. We tested adults’ memory of the same scene images using ResMem (Needell & Bainbridge, 2022), a pre-trained deep neural network that predicts adult image memorability scores, and using an online behavioral continuous recognition task(N= 116). Results showed that ResMem predictions, as a proxy of adults’ memory, predicted scene memory of children by the age of 4 and were the most predictive of children’s memory across ages after a long, 1-week delay. Children at age 3 show non-adult-like consistent memory patterns, implying that the non-adult-like memory patterns were not due to poor memory performance. Instead, 3-year-olds may have consistently used certain visual memory strategies that become less optimal as they age. Our results suggest that adult-like sensitivity to image memorability emerges by the age of 4 through experience.

Public Significance Statement

This study strongly suggests that children older than 4 years old tend to remember and forget the same images as adults. We recommend teachers and caregivers to utilize the ResMem DNN to select memorable images to be used in educational settings.
A pair of NLRs coordinately modulates NRC3-mediated ETI responses to facilitate age-dependent immunity
Authors: Dong Xiaohua , Zhang Xiaoyan , Yin Zhiyuan , Li Jialu , Xia Chuyan , Pan Weiye , Zhao Yaning , Jing Maofeng , Liu Jinding , Ai Gan , Dou Daolong
Published: December 2022

Two NLRs (Nucleotide-binding and Leucine-rich repeat Receptors) adjacent to each other on a locus, termed as paired NLRs, may act separately for effector recognition and subsequent signaling activation to mediate effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in many plants. However, it is largely unknown about their distribution and functions in Solanaceae species, in which NLR-Hs (Helpers NLR REQUIRED FOR CELL DEATHs) have been extensively studied. Here, we identified paired NLRs in Solanaceae species and found they harbor paired NLRs ranging from 6 to 100, which are significantly negatively correlated with the numbers of NLR-Hs.N. benthamianahas six paired NLRs, among which silencing ofNRCXexhibits phenotypes of dwarfism and accelerated senescence. Importantly,NRCX-silencing phenotypes could be restored by simultaneously silencing its head-to-head NLR pair, thus we named it asNRCY. NRCX/Y pair is specific in Solanaceae species. NRCY contains non-canonical walker B and MHD motifs, but could not induce autoactive cell death inN. benthamiana. Instead of that, silencingNRCYimpaired cell death triggered by Sw5b-Nsm and NRC3D480V, indicating NRCY is also an NLR modulator like NRCX. Furthermore, NRCX suppression of Sw5b-Nsm and NRC3-mediated cell death is dependent on NRCY. Remarkably, we found thatNRCXandNRCYexpressions were induced during plant senescence, whileNRCYwas induced more thanNRCX. Accordingly, the plant resistance was stronger during maturation, indicated NRCX/Y might be involved in age-dependent resistance. Our study reveals one of the paired NLRs coordinately regulates ETI to facilitate age-dependent immunity.
Metal-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane as an important methane sink in methanic cold seep sediments
Authors: Xiao Xi , Luo Min , Zhang Chuwen , Zhang Tingting , Yin Xiuran , Wu Xuemin , Zhao Jing , Tao Jun , Chen Zongheng , Liang Qianyong , Dong Xiyang
Published: December 2022

Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled with reduction of metal oxides is supposed to be a globally important bioprocess in marine sediments. However, the responsible microorganisms and their contributions to methane budget are not clear in deep sea cold seep sediments. Here, we combined geochemistry, muti-omics and numerical modeling to study metal-dependent AOM in methanic cold seep sediments in the northern continental slope of the South China Sea. Geochemical data based on methane concentrations, carbon stable isotope, solid-phase sediment analysis and pore water measurements indicate the occurrence of anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to metal oxides reduction in the methanic zone. The 16S rRNA gene amplicons and transcripts, along with metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data suggest that diverse ANME groups actively mediated methane oxidation in the methanic zone either independently or in syntrophy with e.g. ETH-SRB1 as potential metal reducers. Modeling results suggest that the estimated rates of methane consumption via Fe-AOM and Mn-AOM were both 0.3 μmol cm-2yr-1, which account for ∼3% of total CH4removal in sediments. Overall, our results highlight metal-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane as an important methane sink in methanic cold seep sediments.
STAT5 Gain-of-Function Variants Promote Precursor T-Cell Receptor Activation to Drive T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Suske Tobias , Sorger Helena , Ruge Frank , Prutsch Nicole , Zimmerman Mark W. , Eder Thomas , Maurer Barbara , Wagner Christina , Schönefeldt Susann , Spirk Katrin , Pichler Alexander , Pemovska Tea , Schweicker Carmen , Pölöske Daniel , Jungherz Dennis , Müller Tony Andreas , Aung Myint Myat Khine , Pham Ha Thi Thanh , Zimmel Kerstin , Krausgruber Thomas , Bock Christoph , Müller Mathias , Dahlhoff Maik , Boersma Auke , Rülicke Thomas , Fleck Roman , Gunning Patrick Thomas , Aittokallio Tero , Mustjoki Satu , Sanda Takaomi , Hartmann Sylvia , Grebien Florian , Hoermann Gregor , Haferlach Torsten , Staber Philipp Bernhard , Neubauer Heidi Anne , Look Alfred Thomas , Herling Marco , Moriggl Richard
Published: December 2022

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive immature T-cell cancer. Hotspot mutations in JAK-STAT pathway membersIL7R,JAK1andJAK3were analyzed in depth. However, the role ofSTAT5AorSTAT5Bmutations promoting their hyperactivation is poorly understood in the context of T-cell cancer initiation and acute leukemia progression. Importantly, the driver mutationSTAT5BN642Hencodes the most frequent activating STAT5 variant in T-ALL associated with poor prognosis. Here, we show that hyperactive STAT5 promotes early T-cell progenitor (ETP)-ALL-like cancer in mice and upregulated genes involved in T-cell receptor signaling (TCR), even in absence of surface TCR promoting. Importantly, these genes were also overexpressed in human T-ALL and other STAT5-dependent T-cell cancers. Moreover, human T-ALL cells were sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition by dual STAT3/5 degraders or ZAP70 tyrosine kinase blockers. Thus, we define STAT5 target genes in T-ALL that promote pre-TCR signaling mimicry. We propose therapeutic targeting using selective ZAP70 or STAT3/5 inhibitors in a subgroup of T-ALL patients with prominent IL-7R-JAK1/3-STAT5 activity.

Significance

We provide detailed functional characterizations of hyperactive STAT5A or STAT5B in thymic T-cell development and transformation. We found that hyperactive STAT5 transcribes T-cell-specific kinases or pre-TCR signaling hubs to promote T-ALL. Biomolecular and next-generation-sequencing methods, transgenesis and pharmacologic interference revealed that hyperactive STAT5 is a key oncogenic driver that can be targeted in T-ALL using STAT3/5 or SYK family member tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.
Peripheral vs. Core Body Temperature as Hypocretin/Orexin Neurons Degenerate: Exercise Mitigates Increased Heat Loss
Authors: Sun Yu , Tisdale Ryan K. , Yamashita Akira , Kilduff Thomas S.
Published: December 2022

Hypocretins/Orexins (Hcrt/Ox) are hypothalamic neuropeptides implicated in diverse functions, including body temperature regulation through modulation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. In the current study, we measured subcutaneous (Tsc) and core (Tb) body temperature as well as activity in a conditional transgenic mouse strain that allows the inducible ablation of Hcrt/Ox-containing neurons by removal of doxycycline (DOX) from their diet (orexin-DTAmice). Measurements were made during a baseline, when mice were being maintained on food containing DOX, and over 42 days while the mice were fed normal chow which resulted in Hcrt/Ox neuron degeneration. The home cages of theorexin-DTAmice were equipped with running wheels that were either locked or unlocked. In the presence of a locked running wheel, Tscprogressively decreased on days 28 and 42 in the DOX(-) condition, primarily during the dark phase (the major active period for rodents). This nocturnal reduction in Tscwas mitigated when mice had access to unlocked running wheels. In contrast to Tsc, Tbwas largely maintained until day 42 in the DOX(-) condition even when the running wheel was locked. Acute changes in both Tscand Tbwere observed preceding, during, and following cataplexy. Our results suggest that ablation of Hcrt/Ox-containing neurons results in elevated heat loss, likely through reduced sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone, and that exercise may have some therapeutic benefit to patients with narcolepsy, a disorder caused by Hcrt/Ox deficiency. Acute changes in body temperature may facilitate prediction of cataplexy onset and lead to interventions to mitigate its occurrence.

Highlights

Hypocretin/Orexin (Hcrt/Ox) neuron degeneration results in the sleep disorder Narcolepsy and reduced subcutaneous body temperature (Tsc) during the dark phase of the 24-h light/dark cycle.

This reduction in dark phase Tscis mitigated by access to an exercise opportunity.

In contrast to Tsc, core body temperature (Tb) is largely maintained as the Hcrt/Ox neurons degenerate.

Reduced Tscwhile Tbis maintained suggests increased heat loss, possibly through modulation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone.

Hcrt/Ox neuron loss in Narcolepsy results in cataplexy, whose occurrence is associated with acute changes in both Tscand Tb.

Exercise may represent an effective intervention for mitigating heat loss resulting from Hcrt/Ox neuron loss in Narcolepsy.
Test-Retest Reliability of the Human Connectome: An OPM-MEG study
Authors: Rier Lukas , Michelmann Sebastian , Ritz Harrison , Shah Vishal , Hill Ryan M. , Osborne James , Doyle Cody , Holmes Niall , Bowtell Richard , Brookes Matthew J. , Norman Kenneth A. , Hasson Uri , Cohen Jonathan D. , Boto Elena
Published: December 2022

Magnetoencephalography with optically pumped magnetometers (OPM-MEG) offers a new way to record electrophysiological brain function, with significant advantages over conventional MEG including adaptability to head shape/size, free movement during scanning, better spatial resolution, increased signal, and no reliance on cryogenics. However, OPM-MEG remains in its infancy, with significant questions to be answered regarding optimal system design and robustness. Here, we present an open-source dataset acquired using a newly constructed OPM-MEG system with a triaxial sensor design averaging 168 channels. Using OPM-optimised magnetic shielding and active background-field control, we measure the test-retest reliability of the human connectome. We employ amplitude envelope correlation to measure whole-brain functional connectivity in 10 individuals whilst they watch a 600 s move clip. Our results show high repeatability between experimental runs at the group level, with a correlation coefficient of 0.81 in the theta, 0.93 in alpha and 0.94 in beta frequency ranges. At the individual subject level, we found marked differences between individuals, but high within-subject robustness (correlations of 0.56 ± 0.25, 0.72 ± 0.15 and 0.78 ± 0.13 in theta, alpha and beta respectively). These results compare well to previously reported findings using conventional MEG; they show that OPM-MEG is a viable way to characterise whole brain connectivity and add significant weight to a growing argument that OPMs can overtake cryogenic sensors as the fundamental building block of MEG systems.