bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Una nueva responsabilidad por productos defectuosos?
Authors: Atienza Navarro María Luisa
Published: May 2023

Desde hace años, es lugar común en la doctrina reivindicar la reforma del régimen de responsabilidad civil por productos defectuosos. La Unión Europea, tras años de trabajo en ese sentido, ha propuesto una nueva Directiva que sustituye la de 25 de julio de 1985 actualmente vigente. En el trabajo se analizan críticamente los cambios introducidos en esta Propuesta que afectan prácticamente a todos los elementos de la responsabilidad: sujetos responsables, concepto de producto y de defecto, relación de causalidad, daños indemnizables y causas de exoneración. Y, sobre todo, el objetivo de estas líneas es valorar cuáles de esas modificaciones cumplen la finalidad de adaptar las normas de responsabilidad civil por productos a los daños que, fruto de la inteligencia artificial, de la robótica y del Internet de las cosas, pueden presentarse en la sociedad actual y cuáles, por el contrario, deberían todavía ser repensadas para mejorar el texto que finalmente resulte aprobado.
Contra la atemperación (o supresión) del castigo penal del excluido
Authors: Puente Rodríguez Leopoldo
Published: May 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es poner en cuestión algunos de los mejores argumentos que se han ofrecido para atemperar (o, incluso, descartar por completo) el castigo de la persona que ha sido socialmente excluida. La principal conclusión será que tales argumentos no son tan convincentes como pudiera parecer en un principio. Además, podrían conducir a algunos efectos inesperados que contribuirían a una creciente exclusión (simbólica y material) de tales personas. Por último, se defenderá que el Derecho penal no es el camino para mejorar las condiciones de vida de las personas excluidas y marginadas. Las herramientas para tal objetivo habrán de ser buscadas en otros lugares.
La Entrada y registro del domicilio de las personas jurídicas voluntariamente consentida por sus administradores
Authors: Gudín Rodríguez-Magariños Antonio Evaristo
Published: May 2023

La Ley de la Fiscalía Europea ha ampliado las prerrogativas de la fiscalía para llevar a efecto la entradas y registros al amparo de las normativas de cumplimiento de las empresas. Esta norma prevé como escenario natural de este tipo de diligencias la colaboración de los responsables de las empresas. Sin embargo, la extensión de la función legitimadora del consentimiento a este tipo de diligencias es limitada por razón de la afectación de los intereses de tercero. La propia norma es consciente de estas limitaciones y establece ámbitos de exclusión en el que el consentimiento de los detentadores de los espacios afectados no resulta bastante para legitimar el registro de sus instalaciones. Se aborda en el presente trabajo la extensión y alcance de los diversos intereses afectados más allá de lo que pueda entenderse como protección domiciliaria de las personas jurídicas.
COMPETÊNCIA DO SER ENFERMEIRO NA VISÃO DO MERCADO DE TRABALHO NO VALE DO PARANHANA/RS
Authors: De Lima Korsack Lucas Evandro , Quadros Alexander , Capellari Claudia , Da Silva Luz Lúcia Fabiane
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: Identificar as competências e habilidades dos Enfermeiros esperadas pelo mercado de trabalho no Vale do Paranhana/RS. Método: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, com 11 enfermeiros gestores hospitalares e da atenção básica, localizados no Vale do Paranhana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, durante os meses de setembro e outubro de 2022. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de uma entrevista semiestruturada e utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram 3 categorias:  possibilitaram identificar que as principais competências, habilidades e atitudes, necessárias para os enfermeiros do ponto de vista dos gestores é ter, além da habilidade técnica, humanização na assistência prestada, assim como capacitação, especialização, capacidade de liderança e gerenciamento. Considerações Finais: Incentiva-se que novos estudos sejam realizados a partir do tema em questão. Recomenda-se ainda que estudos com características semelhantes sejam utilizados como base para o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias de ensino em Enfermagem.
The effectiveness of combined therapy on overcompensation coping strategies in histrionic personality disorder patients
Authors: Asgari Ghalebin Seyyedeh Sahar , Bashrpour Sajad , Mousavi Seyyedeh Mehsa
Published: May 2023

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of Schema Therapy and ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) in reducing overcompensation coping strategies associated with early maladaptive schemas in patients diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder (HPD). Methods: A randomized quasi-experimental design with a comparison group was used, involving pre-test, post-test, and a two-month follow-up assessment. Participants were 30 HPD patients selected from three psychology centers in 2021–2022 in Tehran who met the inclusion criteria for HPD diagnosis based on clinical interviews and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention or waitlist group. The intervention group received ten 90-minute sessions of combined therapy. MCMI-III and the Young Compensation Inventory (YCI) were used as research instruments. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to control for pre-treatment differences between the intervention and waitlist groups and to assess the effect of the intervention on the outcome measures. Results: The intervention group had significantly lower MCMI-III Disclosure scores and lower YCI levels immediately post-treatment and at the two-month follow-up assessment compared to the waitlist control group. The effect sizes for these comparisons were large to very large, indicating a significant and clinically meaningful improvement in the intervention group. Conclusions: The findings suggest that combined Schema Therapy and ACT may be effective in reducing overcompensation coping strategies in HPD patients. The study's limitations included the absence of random sampling in the first stage of screening. Future research should aim to replicate these findings with larger samples and diverse populations.
Peran Kode Etik Guru Untuk Meningkatkan Profesional Guru
Authors: Savitri Siti Nur Laila
Published: May 2023

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu cara untuk memperoleh ilmu pengetahuan dan di dalam dunia pendidikan tentulah ada seorang guru atau pendidik yang berperan sebagai pembimbing. Tidak sedikit guru yang melanggar dan mengabaikan tentang kode etik guru, padahal kode etik guru sangatlah penting bagi dunia pendidikan. Guru bukan hanya bertugas sebagai orang yang mengajar dan membagikan ilmu yang dimilikinya kepada peserta didik. Guru adalah suri tauladan bagi peserta didiknya. Selain mengajar, guru juga harus mengayomi para peserta didik, melatih, mengevalusi, dan mengawasi apa peserta didik lakukan selama berada dalam ruang lingkup pendidikan. Mengikuti kode etik yang telah ditentukan oleh Undang-Undang guru diharuskan untuk merencanakan pembelajaran, meningkatkan dan mengembangkan kualifikasi akademik, bertindak objektif dan tidak diskriminatif, mematuhi seluruh aturan yang ada, dan menjaga kebersamaan antar individu. Guru yang profesional tentunya terikat dengan kode etik yang ada, namun sangat disayangkan masih banyak guru dengan sertifikasi guru profesional justru tidak mencerminkan profesionalisme dan melanggar kode etik guru. Padahal kode etik guru ada untuk membuat guru bertindak professional sebagai seorang pendidik di dalam pendidikan, karena guru yang melanggar kode etik tentunya akan mendapatkan sebuah sanksi. Sanksi yang didapatkan itu dapat berupa sanksi sosial yang diberikan oleh masyarakat atau sanksi secara pidana yang dilakukan oleh lembaga berwenang untuk menindak lanjuti pelanggaran kode etik yang dilakukan oleh guru. Artikel ini akan membahas mengenai guru dan kode etik guru, kemudian membahas peran kode etik guru untuk meningkatkan professional guru. Metode yang digunakan untuk menyusun arikel ini ialah metode studi literatur yang menggunakan jurnal serta artikel dari Google Scholar sebagai referensi.
Strategi Guru Profesional Menghadapi Era Digital
Authors: Akbar Faisal
Published: May 2023

Guru merupakan komponen pendidikan yang utama. Pentingnya seorang guru telah ditentukanbahwa guru merupakan tenaga profesional yang membutuhkan berbagai macam persyaratan yangmenjamin profesinya itu dapat dilakukan dengan baik. Persyaratan profesi tersebut terus berkembangsesuai dengan zaman saat ini. Dalam era digital saat ini, guru profesional kembali dengan pernyataanpersyaratan. Kecanggihan teknologi ini beragam informasi dari berbagai sudut dunia mampu diaksesdengan instant dan cepat. Komunikasi antar personal dapat dilakukan dengan mudah. Secara konseptualguru sebagai tenaga profesional harus memenuhi berbagai persyaratan kompetensi untuk menjalankantugas dan kewenangannya secara profesional, sementara kondisi riil di lapangan masih sangatmemprihatinkan, baik secara kuantitas, kualitas maupun profesionalitas guru. Guru yang datang daridunia pra-digital kesulitan untuk membangun komunikasi yang efektif dengan para siswa dari eradigital. Kebiasaan dan cara mereka belajar pun tentu sangat berbeda dengan kebiasaan dan cara paraguru dan orang tua mereka belajar. Dengan itu sering terjadi dari kedua belah pihak, murid di satupihak dan guru dan orang tua di lain pihak, akhirnya sama-sama menjadi fustrasi dikarenakan terjadiketidak nyambungan antara murid dan guru sehingga diperlukan sebuah strategi peningkatanprofesionalisme guru dalam menghadapi tantangan di era digital. Strategi guru profesional secaraberkesinambungan, “dimaksudkan untuk merangsang, memelihara, dan meningkatkan kompetensi gurudalam memecahkan masalah-masalah pendidikan dan pembelajaran yang berdampak pada peningkatanmutu. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan kompetensi guru dapat melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawabsecara profesional, menjadi kebutuhan yang amat mendesak.
Peningkatan Profesional Guru Melalui Pendidikan Profesi Guru
Authors: NAZILAH RIZKA
Published: May 2023

Guru adalah pendidik dengan tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, mengarahkan, melatih menilai dan mengevaluasi peserta didik pada pendidikan anak usia dini, pendidikan dasar dan pendidikan menengah. Guru mempengaruhi terciptanya hasil pendidikan yang berkualitas. Maka dari itu untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan guru harus memiliki sikap professional, untuk meningkatkan profesional guru maka guru tersebut perlu mengikuti pendidikan profesi guru untuk memiliki pengetahuan, kecakapan, dan keterampilan serta sikap yang mantap dan memadai. guru professional mempunyai sikkap mengedepankan mutu dan kualitas layanan dan produknya. guru harus memenuhi standarisasi kebutuhan masyarakat, bangsa dan pengguna. Guru juga harus memiliki visi-misi keguruan yang luas perspektifnya. Karena profesionalnya guru merupakan peran yang strategis dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa pentingnya pendidikan profesi guru untuk meningkatkan profesional guru dan meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu studi literatur atau kajian pustaka dengan menggunakan artikel jurnal ilmiah yang relevan dengan pembahasan yang telah dipilih. Dengan tahapan pemilihan artikel, pengumpulan data awal, pengumpulan data pendukung kemudian menghasilkan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan profesional guru melalui pendidikan profesi guru juga berpengaruh terhadap mutu pendidikan.
Sunnah Sunnah Tidur Rosulullah Saw
Authors: Royansyah
Published: May 2023

Tidur merupakan kebutuhan dasar manusia agar memiliki tubuh yang sehat dan optimal. Kualitas tidur yang buruk akan membuat sistem syaraf dalam tubuh menjadi simpatis dan menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan dalam tubuh sehingga kualitas tidur sangat tidak optimal.Kualitas tidur adalah kepuasan individu terhadap tidurnya. Sehingga individu tersebut merasa lelah, gelisah lesu, mempunyai kantung mata atau kehitaman pada mata, kurang konsentrasi, sakit kepala, sering menguap dan mengantuk. Gangguan sulit tidur (insomnia) adalah keadaan seseorang dengan kuantitas dan kualitas tidur yang kurang, apabila berkepanjangan dapat mengganggu kesehatan fisik maupun psikis.Prevalensi insomnia bervariasi berdasarkan defenisi dan kriteria diagnostik yang spesifik, sehingga perkiraan angka kejadian insomnia dengan rentang 10%-40%.
DAMPAK PENERAPAN KODE ETIK GURU DI DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH DAN MAYARAKAT
Authors: Muhammad Rifky
Published: May 2023

Guru adalah aktor utama untuk memajukan pendidikan yang mempengaruhi perkembangan dankeberhasilan bangsa Indonesia. Sebagai profesi, guru memiliki kaidah-kaidah etik yang mengatur sikapdan tindakan guru, agar tetap profesional dan bernilai.Profesi guru patuh pada aturan aturan yangmenjunjung tinggi martabat profesi,melindugi dan menjaga kesejahteraannya dan memperkuat komitmenlalu meningkatkan kualitas dan mutu profesi guru dari organisasi profesi. Dengan bantuan pedoman etika,guru harus bertindak secara optimal dan profesional, terutama dalam membentuk karakter dan etikapeserta didik serta menjaga kewibawaan lembaga pendidikan dan profesi guru.tujuan penelitian ini untukmengetahui dampak dan penarapan kode etik guru di dalam proses pembelajaran,metode ini menggunakanmetode kualitatif yang sifat nya studi Pustaka atau kajian Pustaka,kajian Pustaka ialah merupakan metodeyang di lakukan dengan membaca dan mengumpulkan sumber informasi yang ada dan jelas ,penulis bisamenyelesaikan penelitian ini di bantu seperti jurnal,buku,artikel dll penelitian ini menunjukan bawa kodeetik sangat berpengaruh Ketika di dalam proses pembelajaran
electric sasando
Authors: SIANTURI HERY LEO
Published: May 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Turnitin Awarness
Authors: Marni
Published: May 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Bukti Macedonia
Authors: Marni
Published: May 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Legislators' Emotional Engagement with Women's Issues: Gendered Patterns of Vocal Pitch in the German Bundestag
Authors: Rittmann Oliver
Published: May 2023

Through an innovative analysis of audio recordings of plenary speeches, Dietrich, Hayes and O'Brien (2019) find that women in the US House of Representatives speak with greater emotional intensity about women than about other issues, but men do not. With vocal pitch as a new measure of personal issue commitment that is less affected by extrinsic considerations than the textual content of speech, the finding suggests that women legislators' efforts to work on behalf of women are the result of intrinsic rather than extrinsic motivation. Here I ask whether the same is true in an alternative parliamentary setting where personal preferences play a very different role due to strict party discipline, the German Bundestag. The answer is yes. Analyzing audio and text data of more than 30,000 speeches in the Bundestag between 2011 and 2020, I find that women in the Bundestag address women more frequently and with greater emotional intensity than men and compared to themselves when talking about other issues. The results suggest that women legislators are more emotionally invested in women-related issues than men, and that this is true irrespective of large differences in the institutional incentive structures in Germany and the US.
Jurnal DOARJ1
Authors: Marni
Published: May 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Tantangan Dan Upaya Guru Profesional Di Era Revolusi 5.0
Authors: Warastri Nasywa Tsany
Published: May 2023

Pada Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 dikatakan bahwa guru merupakan pendidik profesionaldengan tugas utama mendidik, membimbing, mengarahkan, menilai dan mengevaluasi peserta didikpada Pendidikan anak usia dini jalur Pendidikan formal, dasar dan menengah. Peran guru bukan sekadarmenjelaskan materi di sekolah, tetapi guru dituntut sebagai pilar pembentuk akhlak siswa. Era revolusi5.0 guru dituntut untuk menjawab seiring dengan perkembangan zaman dengan terus melakukanupgrading diri dan memanfaatkan internet untuk peningkatan aktivitasnya. Guru harus lebih berperansebagai fasilitator, harus mampu memanfaatkan teknologi digital untuk mendesain pembelajaran kreatifyang dapat membuat peserta didik untuk lebih aktif juga berpikir kritis. Guru juga dituntut untukmenjadi inspirasi untuk peserta didik dalam menerapkan algoritma berpikir dalam pengembangan dirimanusia. Pendidikan yang sangat dibutuhkan saat ini adalah pendidikan yang dapat mengintegrasikanpendidikan karakter dengan pendidikan yang dapat mengembangkan seluruh dimensi anak baik itusecara kognitif, fisik, emosional, kreativitas, dan spiritual. Dengan model pendidikan yang dapatmembentuk orientasi anak menjadi manusia yang utuh. Kualitas peserta didik menjadi unggul tidakhanya dalam aspek kognitif, namun juga karakter yang lebih baik dari setiap individu. Hal ini sejalandengan Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Nasional Tahun 2005-2025 (UU No. 17 Tahun 2007)yang membahas tentang pewujudan masyarakat yang berakhlak mulia, bermoral, beretika, berbudaya,dan beradab berdasarkan Pancasila. Salah satu cara merealisasikan pendidikan karakter dengan tujuanmembentuk manusia Indonesia bertaqwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, melaksanakan sesuai dengannorma yang berlaku, mematuhi hukuman yang berlaku, menjalin interaksi yang baik antar umatberagama, budaya, ras, suku, dan budaya, dapat menerapkan nilai-nilai luhur.
Turnitin Local
Authors: Marni
Published: May 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Takhrij Hadis Larangan Berbisnis dalam Islam
Authors: Aprilia Mirta
Published: May 2023

Pada saat menjalankan bisnis ataupun suatu tugas diperlukan adanya rasa tanggung jawab dan sebuah aturan untuk mengatur tindakan-tindakan yang akan dilakukan. Hal tersebut menjadi pendorong bagi sebuah bisnis untuk menuju arah yang lebih baik atau lebih sering disebut dengan kesuksesan.Seringkali pebisnis dihadapkan pada kondisi-kondisi sulit dalam perkembangannya. Baik yang terkait dengan pengelolaan sumber daya internal perusahaan dan dengan masyarakat. Untuk menangani berbagai masalah sulit semacam itu, dibutuhkan suatu prinsip yang dapat membantu pebisnis dalam bersikap. Inilah alasan mengapa etika dalam berbisnis sangat penting untuk dimiliki.Dalam Islam, berbisnis juga diatur dalam etika bisnis Islam. Mengingat agama Islam bukan hanya sebuah agama yang dianut oleh manusia, tetapi juga bisa menjadi pedoman hidup bagi para manusia yang menganutnya. Termasuk di dalam etika bisnis Islam, setiap aspek sudah diatur menurut hukum Islam yang berlaku.Islam mengatur bahwa etika bisnis Islam adalah benar dan tidak bisa dipisahkan dengan hal-hal penting lainnya. Berbagai filosofi di dalam agama Islam mengajarkan tentang bagaimana menjalankan bisnis di dalam etika bisnis Islam.
Is Generalization Decay a Fundamental Law of Psychology?
Authors: Mandel David R.
Published: May 2023

Generalizations strengthen in traditional sciences, but in psychology (and social and behavioral sciences, more generally) they decay. This is usually viewed as problem requiring solution, but it could be viewed as a law-like phenomenon. Generalization decay cannot be squelched because human behavior is metastable and all behavioral data collected thus far have resulted from a thin sliver of human time.
Ethnic pride and cultural values promote Positive Youth Development in a conceptual replication of the Five Cs model
Authors: Johnson Lisa Emily , Robins Richard , Guyer Amanda , Hastings Paul
Published: May 2023

The current study examined the Five Cs model of Positive Youth Development (PYD; Lerner et al., 2005) in U.S. Mexican-origin youth (N = 674, 50% female) and tested the extent to which ethnic pride, familismo, and respeto, as an index of cultural orientation, predicted PYD across mid-adolescence. PYD was modeled using a bifactor structure which defined global PYD and the Five Cs (Caring, Character, Competence, Confidence, and Connection) using theoretically similar measures matched to the conceptual definitions of the Cs. Tests of longitudinal invariance of the bifactor model at ages 14 and 16 established scalar invariance, providing support for the structure and stability of the Five Cs and global PYD using the theoretically similar measures across time. Adolescents’ cultural orientation (latent factor incorporating familismo, respeto, and ethnic pride) at age 14 was positively associated with the Five Cs within and across time. Greater cultural orientation at age 14 predicted increased global PYD across ages 14 and 16. The contribution of cultural orientation to the PYD across mid-adolescence did not differ by adolescent gender or nativity. These findings demonstrate the robust nature and stability of the Five Cs model of PYD and provide novel evidence that ethnic pride, familismo, and respeto promote greater PYD in Mexican-origin youth during mid-adolescence.
Contractualist tendencies and reasoning in moral judgment and decision making
Authors: Le Pargneux Arthur , Chater Nick , Zeitoun Hossam
Published: May 2023

The social-contract tradition of Hobbes, Rousseau, Kant, and Rawls has been widely influential in moral philosophy but has until recently received relatively little attention in moral psychology. For contractualist moral theories, ethics is a matter of forming, adhering to, and enforcing (hypothetical) agreements, and morality is fundamentally about acting according to what would be agreed by rational agents. A recent psychological theory, virtual bargaining, models social interactions in contractualist terms, suggesting that we often act as we would agree to do if we were to negotiate explicitly. However, whether such contractualist tendencies (a propensity to make typically contractualist choices) and forms of reasoning (agreement-based cognitive processes) play a role in moral cognition is still unclear. Drawing upon virtual bargaining, we develop two novel experimental paradigms designed to elicit incentivized decisions and moral judgments. We then test the descriptive relevance of contractualism in moral judgment and decision making in five preregistered online experiments (n = 4,103; English-speaking Prolific participants). In the first task, we find evidence that many participants show contractualist tendencies: their choices are “characteristically” contractualist. In the second task, we find evidence consistent with contractualist reasoning influencing some participants’ judgments and incentivized decisions. Our findings suggest that a propensity to act as prescribed by tacit agreements may be particularly important in understanding the moral psychology of fleeting social interactions and coordination problems. By complementing the rich literature on deontology and consequentialism in moral psychology, empirical approaches inspired by contractualism may prove fruitful to better understand moral cognition.
The Universal Problem Solver: Viewing the Mind as a Difference Engine
Authors: Millroth Philip , Collsiöö August
Published: May 2023

Research on Artificial Intelligence and Psychology has traditionally been heavily intertwined. Thus, it is surprising that the ideas of Marvin Minsky (1927-2016) have not gained more interest among researchers in Psychology. One specific idea that persisted over decades in Minsky’s work was that of the mind as a difference-engine. The idea posits that as soon as there is a goal, the mind works to reduce or eliminate the important differences between the current state and some desired goal. Several aspects of this idea precede Minsky and have already proved fruitful for psychological researchers, yet there are aspects that deserve further work.
Rethinking Unacceptable Thoughts: Validation of an Expanded Version of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS)
Authors: Lee Eric , Wetterneck Chad , McIngvale Elizabeth , Williams Monnica , Björgvinsson Thröstur
Published: May 2023

The Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) is widely used to measure obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) severity across four broad symptom dimensions (i.e., contamination, responsibility for harm, unacceptable thoughts, symmetry). Despite its proven utility, there is reason to suspect that the unacceptable thoughts subscale conflates different types of unacceptable thoughts that are meaningfully distinct from one another. In the current study, we first evaluated the psychometric properties of a newly developed DOCS violent and/or aggressive thoughts subscale. We then examined the factor structure, psychometric properties, and diagnostic sensitivity of a seven-factor version of the DOCS that includes the four original DOCS subscales and three more-specific versions of the unacceptable thoughts scale (i.e., sexually intrusive thoughts, violent and/or aggressive thoughts, and scrupulous or religious thoughts). The sample included 329 residential and intensive outpatients, the majority of which had a diagnosis of OCD (75.2%). The new unacceptable thoughts subscales demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity with unique associations between the subscales and depression, suicide, and perceived threat from emotions that were not present in the broader unacceptable thoughts subscale. The seven-factor version of the DOCS demonstrated slightly lower levels of diagnostic sensitivity than the original DOCS. Thus, the four-factor version of the DOCS is recommended for screening purposes. A score of 40 of higher on the seven-factor version of the DOCS best predicted a diagnosis of OCD. Overall, the three additional unacceptable thoughts subscales appear to be distinct dimensional categories that have potential value in research and clinical settings.
Emotions and individual differences shape foraging under threat
Authors: Trier Hailey , O'Reilly Jill , Spiering Lisa , Ma Sandy , Kolling Nils , Rushworth Matthew , Scholl Jacqueline
Published: May 2023

A common behaviour in natural environments is foraging for rewards. However, this is often in the presence of predators. Therefore, one of the most fundamental decisions for humans, as for other animals, is how to apportion time between reward-motivated pursuit behaviour and threat-motivated checking behaviour. To understand what affects how people strike this balance, we developed a novel ecologically inspired task and looked at both within-participant dynamics (moods) and between-participant individual differences (questionnaires about real-life behaviours) in two large internet samples (n=374 and n=702) in a cross-sectional design. For the within-participant dynamics, we found that people regulate task-evoked stress homeostatically by changing behaviour (increasing foraging and hiding). Individual differences, even in superficially related traits (apathy-anhedonia and anxiety-compulsive checking) reliably mapped onto unique behaviours. Worse task performance, due to maladaptive checking, was linked to gender (women checked excessively) and specific anxiety-related traits: somatic anxiety (reduced self-reported checking due to worry) and compulsivity (self-reported disorganized checking). While anhedonia decreased self-reported task engagement, apathy, strikingly, improved overall task performance by reducing excessive checking. In summary, we provide a novel multifaceted paradigm for assessment of checking for threat in a naturalistic task which is sensitive to both moods as they change throughout the task and clinical dimensions. Thus, it could serve as an objective measurement tool for future clinical studies interested in threat, vigilance or behaviour-emotion interactions in contexts requiring both reward-seeking and threat-avoidance.
From calculations to reasoning: history, trends and the potential of Computational Ethnography and Computational Social Anthropology
Authors: Peponakis Manolis , Kapidakis Sarantos , Doerr Martin , Tountasaki Eirini
Published: May 2023

The domains of computational social anthropology and computational ethnography refer to the computational processing or computational modelling of data for anthropological or ethnographic research. In this context, the article surveys the use of computational methods regarding the production and the representation of knowledge. The ultimate goal of the study is to highlight the significance of modelling ethnographic data and anthropological knowledge by harnessing the potential of the semantic web. The first objective was to review the use of computational methods in anthropological research focusing on the last 25 years, while the second objective was to explore the potential of the semantic web focusing on existing technologies for ontological representation. For these purposes, the study explores the use of computers in anthropology regarding data processing and data modelling for more effective data processing. The survey reveals that there is an ongoing transition from the instrumentalisation of computers as tools for calculations, to the implementation of information science methodologies for analysis, deduction, knowledge representation, and reasoning, as part of the research process in social anthropology. Finally, it is highlighted that the ecosystem of the semantic web does not subserve quantification and metrics but introduces a new conceptualisation for addressing and meeting research questions in anthropology.
Synthetic Replacements for Human Survey Data? The Perils of Large Language Models
Authors: Bisbee James , Clinton Joshua , Dorff Cassy , Kenkel Brenton , Larson Jennifer
Published: May 2023

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new research possibilities for social scientists, but their potential as "synthetic data" is still largely unknown. In this paper, we investigate how accurately the popular closed-source LLM ChatGPT can recover public opinion, prompting the LLM to adopt different "personas" and then provide feeling thermometer scores for 11 sociopolitical groups. The average scores generated by ChatGPT correspond closely to the averages in our baseline survey, the 2016–2020 American National Election Study. Nevertheless, sampling by ChatGPT is not reliable for statistical inference: there is less variation in responses than in the real surveys, and regression coefficients often differ significantly from equivalent estimates obtained using ANES data. We also document how the distribution of synthetic responses varies with minor changes in prompt wording, and we show how the same prompt yields significantly different results over a three-month period. Altogether, our findings raise serious concerns about the quality, reliability, and reproducibility of synthetic survey data generated by LLMs.
Have Cycling-Friendly Cities Achieved Cycling Equity? Analyses of the Educational Gradient in Cycling in Dutch and German Cities
Authors: Hudde Ansgar
Published: May 2023

In German cities, higher levels of education increase people’s propensity to cycle. However, it remains unknown whether this effect is restricted to certain contexts, such as cities with low or medium cycling rates, or whether it is a more universal occurrence. This paper develops and tests competing hypotheses on how the effect of education on cycling might depend on the overall cycling level: (a) educational inequalities in cycling could increase proportionally with the overall cycling level or (b) such inequalities might diminish in high-cycling cities because their advanced pro-cycling mobility cultures encourage cycling among all social groups. I analyse about 150,000 trips made by about 50,000 residents from 143 cities in the Netherlands and Germany using multilevel regression models. Results fall in between the competing hypotheses, meaning that the effect of education is similarly large in cities with low, medium, or high overall levels of cycling. Hence, there is no automatism in the sense that higher cycling shares in general will also imply greater cycling equity.
Sustainable social housing retrofit? Circular economy and tenant trade-offs
Authors: Baker Emma , Moore Trivess , Daniel Lyrian , Caines Rachel , Padilla Hector , Lester Laurence
Published: May 2023

This research examines the preferences and trade-offs of tenants during social housing retrofit programs, particularly in regard to implementing circular economy (CE) practices. The study looks beyond the relatively narrow consideration of energy efficiency, to respond to the broader requirements of the social housing sector—to incorporate and balance tenant needs with provider mandates, budgetary limitations, and wider social policy.Retrofitting, or upgrading, existing social housing stock has been proposed as a cost-efficient solution to concerns around energy efficiency, thermal performance, and quality issues.The research found that households’ preferences for housing retrofit and upgrade options did not necessarily align with evidence of optimal retrofit priorities and do not align with the typical activities which receive government funding. For example, commonly provided retrofit measures (such as draft sealing) were not widely valued, while less common interventions that were less focussed on energy efficiency (such as a deep clean) were highly regarded by consumer households.The objectives underlying retrofit programs are rarely explicit and vary greatly between stakeholders: social housing providers may be largely motivated to assist their tenants to avoid energy poverty; industry groups seem principally focussed on sustainability outcomes; and many tenants’ main motivation is wanting homes that are more liveable, efficient, clean and warm. These different, and often competing, objectives obviously limit successful outcomes. Retrofit and quality improvements that are undertaken with a short term focus, based on whatever funding or opportunities are available at that point in time, constrains all stakeholders from longer term planning or strategic coordination, but also reduces the opportunity to use CE principles in retrofit activities.
Smith at 300: How selfish soever man may be supposed
Authors: Horn Karen
Published: May 2023

Smith at 300: Contribution by Karen Horn"The hypothetical part of the opening sentence ends after seven words, after the first comma, upon which Smith switches to certainty. Through the catchy paradox that unfolds between the two legs of the sentence, between “may be supposed” and “evidently”, he erects the two systematic pillars that his philosophical edifice will rest upon, here, in his Theory of Moral Sentiments, and also, after some contextual adaptation, in the Wealth of Nations (see Horn 2019, p. 26). Smith puts it all on the table: He builds his system on the stunningly lean twin assumptions about human nature according to which people care about themselves (self-regard) and also about others (other-regard). Minimalistic as this is, everything starts from there. By the way how Smith introduces these parallel dispositions it is clear that the latter cannot be collapsed into the first, as he also explains at length when dealing with Hutcheson and Mandeville (e.g. TMS VII.ii.3.13 and TMS VII.iii.1.4). Other-regard and self-regard coexist. Each in itself, unchecked by the other, is but a moral corner solution. We must strive to prudently combine the two time and again. In Smith’s system, everything evolves in interaction, and everything is about balance."
Odd Profiles in Conjoint Experimental Designs: Effects on Survey-Taking Attention and Behavior
Authors: Bansak Kirk , Jenke Libby
Published: May 2023

Scholars often face a choice when designing conjoint experiments: to allow for or to exclude“odd” combinations of attribute levels in the randomized conjoint profiles shown to respondents(such as a profile of a Democratic candidate who does not support abortion rights oran individual who is a medical doctor but does not have a graduate degree). While previouswork has studied the statistical and theoretical implications of this decision, there hasbeen little effort to analyze how this decision impacts the behavior of survey respondents.Utilizing eye-tracking, this study considers how respondents’ attention, information searchbehavior, and choice patterns respond to odd combinations of attributes included in conjointprofiles. We find that the impact of odd attribute-level combinations is minimal. They donot impact attention, search, or choice behavior substantially or consistently. Our conclusionis that scholars should prioritize other considerations—such as statistical, theoretical,and substantive considerations—when designing conjoint experiments.
INOVASI PENDIDIKAN PADA PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI ABAD-21
Authors: Qiptiah Mariatul
Published: May 2023

Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah merambah segala bidang, termasuk dunia pendidikan. Berbagai tuntutan dan isu ke depan untuk basis digital, realitas virtual akan membentuk kehidupan sosial masa depan. Laporan ekonomi dunia saat ini, diperkirakan 65% anak-anak bersekolah di sekolah dasar. Kita akan menemukan lingkungan kerja lain di masa depan. Akuisisi teknologi informasi solusi sempurna bagi mereka yang memiliki keterampilan digital berbasis pengetahuan, jangan kaget ketika Anda menghadapi tantangan di masa depan. Strategi peningkatan kualitas sumber daya orang-orang melalui inovasi pembelajaran virtual dari data besar dan sistem online.
INOVASI PENDIDIKAN DALAM PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA
Authors: Maulidi M Said
Published: May 2023

Pendidikan di Indonesia saat ini masih bias dibilang jauh dari kata bagus karena pengembangan sumber daya manusia masih tidak merata di Indonesia. Dunia Pendidikan selalu bergantung pada SDM. Masalah pendidikan di Indonesia begitu kompleks. Berbagai persoalan tidak hanya terkait dengan konsep pendidikan, peraturan dan anggaran, tetapi juga persoalan penyelenggaraan pendidikan dalam sistem yang berbeda di Indonesia menambah kompleksitas persoalan pendidikan di Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan penilaian banyak orang terhadap capaian pendidikan Indonesia yang tidak sesuai dengan tujuan pendidikan Indonesia. Pelajar Pancasila adalah perwujudan pelajar Indonesia sebagai pelajar sepanjang hayat yang memiliki kompetensi global dan berperilaku sesuai dengan nilai-nilai.Pendidikan karakter dalam pembentukan profil pelajar Pancasila sebenarnya sudah diupayakan, baik dalam proses pembelajaran di dalam kelas maupun diluar kelas. Rumusan profil Pelajar Pancasila dibuat dengan tujuan sebagai kompas bagi pendidik dan pelajar Indonesia. Segala pembelajaran, program, dan kegiatan disatuan pendidikan bertujuan akhir ke profil pelajar Pancasila.
Hemorragia anteparto asociada a placenta succenturiata. Reporte de un caso.
Authors: Calderón León María Fernanda , Vélez Macias José Manuel , Salcedo Mite Jorge Leonardo , Montiel Molina Andrea Ximena , Lugmania Sánchez Priscilla María , Mendoza Merchán Rene Antonio , Malla Vijay Carlos Luis , Vera Neira Daniel Arturo , Torres Domínguez Rosileidy
Published: May 2023

Introducción: La placenta succenturiata es una anomalía morfológica de la placenta que puede resultar en morbilidad y mortalidad significativas tanto para el feto como para la madre.

Objetivo: describir un caso clínico de hemorragia anteparto asociado a placenta succenturiata.

 

Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, presentación de caso clínico, se obtuvo consentimiento informado  de  paciente para tener acceso a la historia clínica y uso de imágenes correspondientes a la presente investigación.

Caso clínico:  se presenta el caso de una gestante de 33 semanas, que ingresa al area de emergencias, con hemorragia del tercer trimestre, en la ecografía se observó,  presencia de un  lóbulo que alcanza el  nivel del orificio cervical interno, confundiéndose con placenta previa,  paciente se encontraba  estable y en observación, con monitorización fetal continua,  hasta obtener maduración pulmonar completa, posteriormente presento dolor y sangrado ante parto por lo que fue intervenida quirúrgicamente mediante operación cesárea donde se constata la presencia de lóbulo succenturiado en placenta. La evolución de ambos fue favorable. Discusión: El presente artículo demuestra,  una rara variedad de malformación placentaria que provoca múltiples complicaciones y pertenece al diferencial de otras patologías que provocan hemorragia del tercer trimestre, pudiendo estar asociadas con placenta previa, por lo que,  hay que tener presente la placenta succenturiata como una causa de hemorragia del tercer trimestre, además tener en consideración que en el periodo postparto  es causa de retención de una porción placentaria y  puede ocasionar hemorragia o infección.

Conclusiones: La placenta succenturiata es una anomalía de rara presentación, que forma parte del diagnóstico diferencial de las hemorragias ante parto y que debe ser diagnosticada en el periodo prenatal, para poder así, realizar un control prenatal y atención del parto de forma adecuada, además de dar una orientación a la paciente y su familia. Se recomienda en estos casos el parto por cesárea, con abordaje quirúrgico y tipo de incisión a elección, de acuerdo a comorbilidades y estado clínico de paciente.
A Review on Rural Road Improvement and Its Impact on Socioeconomic Development of Kaski District
Authors: Baral Prakash
Published: May 2023

Rural roads are the spinal cord whose connectivity to the settlements, cultivated lands and its improvement play an important role in sustainable socio-economic development of Kaski district as well as developing country like Nepal as a whole. The accessibility of rural road network is reflected in the field of education, health, employment, agriculture, marketing, tourism as well as in the changing pattern of daily livelihood of rural community in Kaski district. There is some level of achievement of fair weather road but is not sufficient regarding to accessibility to remote settlement and productivity. They need to be prioritizing for improvement to all weather road based on productivity. Improvement like upgrading, opening of track, culvert also seems to be necessary which too reflect positive impact on socio-economic development of Kaski district. This paper tries to review 19 district roads under government planning and emphasis for prioritization for upgrading (earthen, gravel, bitumen) based on cost-benefit ratio analysis. Indicators are taken basically on the basis of agriculture, school, health facility, access to market, access to district centre, water supply in the area, road condition. The average number of points of entire groups is calculated with the help of weights and benefits. Cost/Benefit ratio analysed for each rural road are then ranked as per ascending order of it. This will conclude remarks for the improvement of rural road network for sustainable socio-economic development of Kaski district whose satisfactory results are still to be obtained.
Raciocínio investigativo análise racional da investigação criminal segundo a teoria dos jogos.
Authors: Pereira André Luiz Bermudez
Published: May 2023

A investigação criminal se apresenta como um processo para a descoberta de possíveis crimes. A atuação investigativa no Brasil se opera por intermédio da Polícia Judiciária, responsável pelo levantamento de provas da materialidade delitiva e indícios de autoria, sendo os atos investigativos presididos pelo delegado de polícia. A figura do gestor da investigação criminal, além das responsabilidades atinentes à função de chefia e liderança ocupada na estrutura administrativa da polícia investigativa, tem a missão de conduzir o processo investigativo com cientificidade, racionalidade e estratégia. A adoção de lógica nos processos decisórios relacionados às linhas de investigação (hipóteses iniciais) a serem seguidas deflagra a cadência de atos relacionados ao levantamento de informações sobre a prática do crime. O olhar estratégico para a execução de diligências passa pela perspectiva de que a investigação criminal é um jogo de interesses entre atores (investigadores, vítimas, testemunhas, investigados). Nessa senda, a teoria dos jogos se apresenta para auxiliar na estruturação do pensamento estratégico na investigação criminal, apresentando ferramentas que auxiliam o tomador de decisão a refletir racionalmente e de forma planejada. A estruturação do pensamento científico na investigação criminal aliado à noção de necessidade de planejamento estratégico se apresentam como estruturas imprescindíveis para o desenvolvimento de uma investigação criminal eficiente.
A formação do policial para a docência na Escola Superior de Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal a partir da aprendizagem baseada em problemas
Authors: Santos Renata Guilhoes Barros , Gontijo Simone Braz Ferreira
Published: May 2023

Este artigo objetiva analisar a percepção dos policiais-formadores que atuam como docentes no curso de especialização em Ciências Policias com foco na atuação da polícia jurídica, ofertado pela Escola Superior de Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal (ESPC), sobre seus conhecimentos para a utilização da metodologia ativa Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP). A metodologia empregada na pesquisa teve caráter qualitativo, materializado na pesquisa-ação. Participaram da pesquisa sessenta e nove policiais que desenvolvem o trabalho de formadores na ESPC. Os participantes foram convidados a responder um questionário visou mapear as  carências e fragilidades na utilização da metodologia ABP. O questionário foi composto por duas seções, sendo que a primeira foi constituída por questões fechadas voltadas a traçar o perfil formadores e a segunda parte, com questões fechadas e abertas, captaram as demandas e necessidades de formação em ABP. Os participantes afirmam que necessitam de ações formativas que permitam o desenvolvimento e domínio de competências técnicas para a utilização da ABP. Conclui-se que o presente estudo pode contribuir para a política de valorização da capacitação pedagógica dos policiais-formadores, por meio do fomento a uma prática educativa contextualizada e dialógica, materializada por meio da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas.
Patología vascular del testículo: varicocele
Authors: Navarro Morales Daniel , Soto Zúñiga José Mauricio , Murillo Durán Andrés
Published: May 2023

El plexo venoso pampiniforme es el sistema encargado del drenaje sanguíneo testicular, el cual se encuentra rodeando el cordón espermático. El varicocele se define como la dilatación tortuosa de carácter varicosa de las venas del plexo pampiniforme, particularmente en la porción escrotal.
Se ha demostrado que esta patología se presenta con más frecuencia en el teste izquierdo. Cuando se presenta en el derecho es de suma importancia asegurarse de descartar una masa abdominal que aumente la resistencia vascular.
Los jóvenes entre los 9 y 25 años, aproximadamente, son quienes poseen mayor incidencia a sufrir un varicocele.
Esta enfermedad normalmente no está asociada a síntomas, pero en algunas circunstancias puede causar dolor y darle una sensación de pesadez en el teste para el paciente, principalmente al ejercitarse. Usualmente se lleva a cabo un tratamiento expectante, a excepción de aquellos pacientes que sí sufren síntomas, con quienes se recomienda el tratamiento quirúrgico.