bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explaining the visibility of EU citizens: a multi-level analysis of European Union news
Authors: Walter Stefanie
Published: November 2015

This article analyses the visibility of European Union (EU) citizens in EU news during the 2009 European Parliament election. It argues that the presence of EU citizens in EU news is vital for responsiveness of European governance. First, the theoretical notion of EU citizens is considered. Next, a new way of defining EU citizens is proposed: EU citizens are divided into national and supranational EU citizens. The visibility of EU citizens in EU news of 27 EU member states is analysed aiming to explain cross-country differences. The paper is based on a large-scale content analysis of TV and newspaper articles gathered during the 2009 European Parliament election. To explain different levels of visibility, a multi-level analysis is carried out. The results suggest that EU citizens are visible in the EU news, yet, their presence strongly varies across countries. The findings indicate that explanations for different levels of visibility can be found at both the media and country level.
Jupiter's Europa Helps Earthlings See Sister Moon's Volcano
Authors: Cowen Ron
Published: November 2015

By briefly slipping between Earth and sister Jovian moon Io, Europa fortuitously enabled an Earth-based telescope to observe, with greater detail than ever before, a huge, puzzling volcano on Io.
Comprehensive functional characterization of cancer–testis antigens defines obligate participation in multiple hallmarks of cancer
Authors: Maxfield Kimberly E. , Taus Patrick J. , Corcoran Kathleen , Wooten Joshua , Macion Jennifer , Zhou Yunyun , Borromeo Mark , Kollipara Rahul K. , Yan Jingsheng , Xie Yang , Xie Xian-Jin , Whitehurst Angelique W.
Published: November 2015

Tumours frequently activate genes whose expression is otherwise biased to the testis, collectively known as cancer–testis antigens (CTAs). The extent to which CTA expression represents epiphenomena or confers tumorigenic traits is unknown. In this study, to address this, we implemented a multidimensional functional genomics approach that incorporates 7 different phenotypic assays in 11 distinct disease settings. We identify 26 CTAs that are essential for tumor cell viability and/or are pathological drivers of HIF, WNT or TGFβ signalling. In particular, we discover that Foetal and Adult Testis Expressed 1 (FATE1) is a key survival factor in multiple oncogenic backgrounds. FATE1 prevents the accumulation of the stress-sensing BH3-only protein, BCL-2-Interacting Killer (BIK), thereby permitting viability in the presence of toxic stimuli. Furthermore, ZNF165 promotes TGFβ signalling by directly suppressing the expression of negative feedback regulatory pathways. This action is essential for the survival of triple negative breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, CTAs make significant direct contributions to tumour biology.
Structural basis for cpSRP43 chromodomain selectivity and dynamics in Alb3 insertase interaction
Authors: Horn Annemarie , Hennig Janosch , Ahmed Yasar L. , Stier Gunter , Wild Klemens , Sattler Michael , Sinning Irmgard
Published: November 2015

Canonical membrane protein biogenesis requires co-translational delivery of ribosome-associated proteins to the Sec translocase and depends on the signal recognition particle (SRP) and its receptor (SR). In contrast, high-throughput delivery of abundant light-harvesting chlorophyll a,b-binding proteins (LHCPs) in chloroplasts to the Alb3 insertase occurs post-translationally via a soluble transit complex including the cpSRP43/cpSRP54 heterodimer (cpSRP). Here we describe the molecular mechanisms of tethering cpSRP to the Alb3 insertase by specific interaction of cpSRP43 chromodomain 3 with a linear motif in the Alb3 C-terminal tail. Combining NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and biochemical analyses, we dissect the structural basis for selectivity of chromodomains 2 and 3 for their respective ligands cpSRP54 and Alb3, respectively. Negative cooperativity in ligand binding can be explained by dynamics in the chromodomain interface. Our study provides a model for membrane recruitment of the transit complex and may serve as a prototype for a functional gain by the tandem arrangement of chromodomains.
Spindle assembly checkpoint inactivation fails to suppress neuroblast tumour formation in aurA mutant Drosophila
Authors: Caous Renaud , Pascal Aude , Romé Pierre , Richard-Parpaillon Laurent , Karess Roger , Giet Régis
Published: November 2015

Tissue homeostasis requires accurate control of cell proliferation, differentiation and chromosome segregation. Drosophila sas-4 and aurA mutants present brain tumours with extra neuroblasts (NBs), defective mitotic spindle assembly and delayed mitosis due to activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Here we inactivate the SAC in aurA and sas-4 mutants to determine whether the generation of aneuploidy compromises NB proliferation. Inactivation of the SAC in the sas-4 mutant impairs NB proliferation and disrupts euploidy. By contrast, disrupting the SAC in the aurA mutant does not prevent NB amplification, tumour formation or chromosome segregation. The monitoring of Mad2 and cyclin B dynamics in live aurA NBs reveals that SAC satisfaction is not coupled to cyclin B degradation. Thus, the NBs of aurA mutants present delayed mitosis, with accurate chromosome segregation occurring in a SAC-independent manner. We report here the existence of an Aurora A-dependent mechanism promoting efficient, timed cyclin B degradation.
Direct observation and imaging of a spin-wave soliton with p-like symmetry
Authors: Bonetti S. , Kukreja R. , Chen Z. , Macià F. , Hernàndez J. M. , Eklund A. , Backes D. , Frisch J. , Katine J. , Malm G. , Urazhdin S. , Kent A. D. , Stöhr J. , Ohldag H. , Dürr H. A.
Published: November 2015

Spin waves, the collective excitations of spins, can emerge as nonlinear solitons at the nanoscale when excited by an electrical current from a nanocontact. These solitons are expected to have essentially cylindrical symmetry (that is, s-like), but no direct experimental observation exists to confirm this picture. Using a high-sensitivity time-resolved magnetic X-ray microscopy with 50 ps temporal resolution and 35 nm spatial resolution, we are able to create a real-space spin-wave movie and observe the emergence of a localized soliton with a nodal line, that is, with p-like symmetry. Micromagnetic simulations explain the measurements and reveal that the symmetry of the soliton can be controlled by magnetic fields. Our results broaden the understanding of spin-wave dynamics at the nanoscale, with implications for the design of magnetic nanodevices.
Scalable, full-colour and controllable chromotropic plasmonic printing
Authors: Xue Jiancai , Zhou Zhang-Kai , Wei Zhiqiang , Su Rongbin , Lai Juan , Li Juntao , Li Chao , Zhang Tengwei , Wang Xue-Hua
Published: November 2015

Plasmonic colour printing has drawn wide attention as a promising candidate for the next-generation colour-printing technology. However, an efficient approach to realize full colour and scalable fabrication is still lacking, which prevents plasmonic colour printing from practical applications. Here we present a scalable and full-colour plasmonic printing approach by combining conjugate twin-phase modulation with a plasmonic broadband absorber. More importantly, our approach also demonstrates controllable chromotropic capability, that is, the ability of reversible colour transformations. This chromotropic capability affords enormous potentials in building functionalized prints for anticounterfeiting, special label, and high-density data encryption storage. With such excellent performances in functional colour applications, this colour-printing approach could pave the way for plasmonic colour printing in real-world commercial utilization.
Dephasing-Induced Control of Interference Nature in Three-Level Electromagnetically Induced Tansparency Systems
Authors: Sun Yong , Yang Yaping , Chen Hong , Zhu Shiyao
Published: November 2015

The influence of the dephasing on interference is investigated theoretically and experimentally in three-level electromagnetically induced transparency systems. The nature of the interference, constructive, no interference or destructive, can be controlled by adjusting the dephasing rates. This new phenomenon is experimentally observed in meta-atoms. The physics behind the dephasing-induced control of interference nature is the competing between stimulated emission and spontaneous emission. The random phase fluctuation due to the dephasing will result in the correlation and anti-correlation between the two dressed states, which will enhance and reduce the stimulated emission, respectively.
Bumblebee learning and memory is impaired by chronic exposure to a neonicotinoid pesticide
Authors: Stanley Dara A. , Smith Karen E. , Raine Nigel E.
Published: November 2015

Bumblebees are exposed to pesticides applied for crop protection while foraging on treated plants, with increasing evidence suggesting that this sublethal exposure has implications for pollinator declines. The challenges of navigating and learning to manipulate many different flowers underline the critical role learning plays for the foraging success and survival of bees. We assessed the impacts of both acute and chronic exposure to field-realistic levels of a widely applied neonicotinoid insecticide, thiamethoxam, on bumblebee odour learning and memory. Although bees exposed to acute doses showed conditioned responses less frequently than controls, we found no difference in the number of individuals able to learn at field-realistic exposure levels. However, following chronic pesticide exposure, bees exposed to field-realistic levels learnt more slowly and their short-term memory was significantly impaired following exposure to 2.4 ppb pesticide. These results indicate that field-realistic pesticide exposure can have appreciable impacts on learning and memory, with potential implications for essential individual behaviour and colony fitness.
Molecular Designs for Enhancement of Polarity in Ferroelectric Soft Materials
Authors: Ohtani Ryo , Nakaya Manabu , Ohmagari Hitomi , Nakamura Masaaki , Ohta Kazuchika , Lindoy Leonard F. , Hayami Shinya
Published: November 2015

The racemic oxovanadium(IV) salmmen complexes, [VO((rac)-(4-X-salmmen))] (X = C12C10C5 (1), C16 (2) and C18 (3); salmmen = N,N′-monomethylenebis-salicylideneimine) with “banana shaped” molecular structures were synthesized and their ferroelectric properties were investigated. These complexes exhibit well-defined hysteresis loops in their viscous phases, moreover, 1 also displays liquid crystal behaviour. We observed a synergetic effect influenced by three structural aspects; the methyl substituents on the ethylene backbone, the banana shaped structure and the square pyramidal metal cores all play an important role in generating the observed ferroelectricity, pointing the way to a useful strategy for the creation of advanced ferroelectric soft materials.
Artificially produced rare-earth free cosmic magnet
Authors: Makino Akihiro , Sharma Parmanand , Sato Kazuhisa , Takeuchi Akira , Zhang Yan , Takenaka Kana
Published: November 2015

Chemically ordered hard magnetic L10-FeNi phase of higher grade than cosmic meteorites is produced artificially. Present alloy design shortens the formation time from hundreds of millions of years for natural meteorites to less than 300 hours. Electron diffraction detects four-fold 110 superlattice reflections and a high chemical order parameter (S "Equation missing" 0.8) for the developed L10-FeNi phase. The magnetic field of more than 3.5 kOe is required for the switching of magnetization. Experimental results along with computer simulation suggest that the ordered phase is formed due to three factors related to the amorphous state: high diffusion rates of the constituent elements at lower temperatures when crystallizing, a large driving force for precipitation of the L10 phase and the possible presence of L10 clusters. Present results can resolve mineral exhaustion issues in the development of next-generation hard magnetic materials because the alloys are free from rare-earth elements and the technique is well suited for mass production.
Synthesis and Properties Evolution of a Family of Tiara-like Phenylethanethiolated Palladium Nanoclusters
Authors: Chen Jishi , Liu Liren , Weng Linhong , Lin Yuejian , Liao Lingwen , Wang Chengming , Yang Jinlong , Wu Zhikun
Published: November 2015

Tiara-like thiolated group 10 transition metal (Ni, Pd, Pt) nanoclusters have attracted extensive interest due to their fundamental scientific significance and potential application in a number of fields. However, the properties (e.g. the absorption) evolution with the ring size’s increase was not investigated so far to our best knowledge, due to the challenge of obtaining a series of nanocluster analogues. Herein, we successfully synthesized, isolated and identified a family of [Pd(SC2H4Ph)2]n nanoclusters (totally 17 novel clusters, n = 4–20). Their structures were determined to be tiara-like by single crystal X-ray crystallography together with theoretical calculation; their formation mechanism was proposed to be a substitution—polycondensation—ring-closure process based on experimental observations. All of these clusters are rather robust (anti-reductive and anti-oxidative) owing to their tiara-like structures with large HOMO-LUMO gaps. Finally, the optical and electrochemical evolution with the increase of ring size was investigated and it is found that both optical and electrochemical gaps have a “turning point” at a size corresponding to n = 8 for [Pd(SR)2]n nanoclusters.
MR-PheWAS: hypothesis prioritization among potential causal effects of body mass index on many outcomes, using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Millard Louise A. C. , Davies Neil M. , Timpson Nic J. , Tilling Kate , Flach Peter A. , Smith George Davey
Published: November 2015

Observational cohort studies can provide rich datasets with a diverse range of phenotypic variables. However, hypothesis-driven epidemiological analyses by definition only test particular hypotheses chosen by researchers. Furthermore, observational analyses may not provide robust evidence of causality, as they are susceptible to confounding, reverse causation and measurement error. Using body mass index (BMI) as an exemplar, we demonstrate a novel extension to the phenome-wide association study (pheWAS) approach, using automated screening with genotypic instruments to screen for causal associations amongst any number of phenotypic outcomes. We used a sample of 8,121 children from the ALSPAC dataset and tested the linear association of a BMI-associated allele score with 172 phenotypic outcomes (with variable sample sizes). We also performed an instrumental variable analysis to estimate the causal effect of BMI on each phenotype. We found 21 of the 172 outcomes were associated with the allele score at an unadjusted p < 0.05 threshold and use Bonferroni corrections, permutation testing and estimates of the false discovery rate to consider the strength of results given the number of tests performed. The most strongly associated outcomes included leptin, lipid profile and blood pressure. We also found novel evidence of effects of BMI on a global self-worth score.
Ultra-low Thermal Conductivity in Si/Ge Hierarchical Superlattice Nanowire
Authors: Mu Xin , Wang Lili , Yang Xueming , Zhang Pu , To Albert C. , Luo Tengfei
Published: November 2015

Due to interfacial phonon scattering and nanoscale size effect, silicon/germanium (Si/Ge) superlattice nanowire (SNW) can have very low thermal conductivity, which is very attractive for thermoelectrics. In this paper, we demonstrate using molecular dynamics simulations that the already low thermal conductivity of Si/Ge SNW can be further reduced by introducing hierarchical structure to form Si/Ge hierarchical superlattice nanowire (H-SNW). The structural hierarchy introduces defects to disrupt the periodicity of regular SNW and scatters coherent phonons, which are the key contributors to thermal transport in regular SNW. Our simulation results show that periodically arranged defects in Si/Ge H-SNW lead to a ~38% reduction of the already low thermal conductivity of regular Si/Ge SNW. By randomizing the arrangement of defects and imposing additional surface complexities to enhance phonon scattering, further reduction in thermal conductivity can be achieved. Compared to pure Si nanowire, the thermal conductivity reduction of Si/Ge H-SNW can be as large as ~95%. It is concluded that the hierarchical structuring is an effective way of reducing thermal conductivity significantly in SNW, which can be a promising path for improving the efficiency of Si/Ge-based SNW thermoelectrics.
Involvement of FKBP6 in hepatitis C virus replication
Authors: Kasai Hirotake , Kawakami Kunihiro , Yokoe Hiromasa , Yoshimura Kentaro , Matsuda Masanori , Yasumoto Jun , Maekawa Shinya , Yamashita Atsuya , Tanaka Tomohisa , Ikeda Masanori , Kato Nobuyuki , Okamoto Toru , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Sakamoto Naoya , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Takeda Sen , Fujii Hideki , Tsubuki Masayoshi , Kusunoki Masami , Moriishi Kohji
Published: November 2015

The chaperone system is known to be exploited by viruses for their replication. In the present study, we identified the cochaperone FKBP6 as a host factor required for hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. FKBP6 is a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase with three domains of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), but lacks FK-506 binding ability. FKBP6 interacted with HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and also formed a complex with FKBP6 itself or FKBP8, which is known to be critical for HCV replication. The Val121 of NS5A and TPR domains of FKBP6 were responsible for the interaction between NS5A and FKBP6. FKBP6 was colocalized with NS5A, FKBP8 and double-stranded RNA in HCV-infected cells. HCV replication was completely suppressed in FKBP6-knockout hepatoma cell lines, while the expression of FKBP6 restored HCV replication in FKBP6-knockout cells. A treatment with the FKBP8 inhibitor N-(N′, N′-dimethylcarboxamidomethyl)cycloheximide impaired the formation of a homo- or hetero-complex consisting of FKBP6 and/or FKBP8 and suppressed HCV replication. HCV infection promoted the expression of FKBP6, but not that of FKBP8, in cultured cells and human liver tissue. These results indicate that FKBP6 is an HCV-induced host factor that supports viral replication in cooperation with NS5A.
Value-added Synthesis of Graphene: Recycling Industrial Carbon Waste into Electrodes for High-Performance Electronic Devices
Authors: Seo Hong-Kyu , Kim Tae-Sik , Park Chibeom , Xu Wentao , Baek Kangkyun , Bae Sang-Hoon , Ahn Jong-Hyun , Kim Kimoon , Choi Hee Cheul , Lee Tae-Woo
Published: November 2015

We have developed a simple, scalable, transfer-free, ecologically sustainable, value-added method to convert inexpensive coal tar pitch to patterned graphene films directly on device substrates. The method, which does not require an additional transfer process, enables direct growth of graphene films on device substrates in large area. To demonstrate the practical applications of the graphene films, we used the patterned graphene grown on a dielectric substrate directly as electrodes of bottom-contact pentacene field-effect transistors (max. field effect mobility ~0.36 cm2·V−1·s−1), without using any physical transfer process. This use of a chemical waste product as a solid carbon source instead of commonly used explosive hydrocarbon gas sources for graphene synthesis has the dual benefits of converting the waste to a valuable product and reducing pollution.
Conditional cooling limit for a quantum channel going through an incoherent environment
Authors: Straka Ivo , Miková Martina , Mičuda Michal , Dušek Miloslav , Ježek Miroslav , Filip Radim
Published: November 2015

We propose and experimentally verify a cooling limit for a quantum channel going through an incoherent environment. The environment consists of a large number of independent non-interacting and non-interfering elementary quantum systems – qubits. The qubits travelling through the channel can only be randomly replaced by environmental qubits. We investigate a conditional cooling limit that exploits an additional probing output. The limit specifies when the single-qubit channel is quantum, i.e. it preserves entanglement. It is a fundamental condition for entanglement-based quantum technology.
A Geometric-Structure Theory for Maximally Random Jammed Packings
Authors: Tian Jianxiang , Xu Yaopengxiao , Jiao Yang , Torquato Salvatore
Published: November 2015

Maximally random jammed (MRJ) particle packings can be viewed as prototypical glasses in that they are maximally disordered while simultaneously being mechanically rigid. The prediction of the MRJ packing density ϕMRJ, among other packing properties of frictionless particles, still poses many theoretical challenges, even for congruent spheres or disks. Using the geometric-structure approach, we derive for the first time a highly accurate formula for MRJ densities for a very wide class of two-dimensional frictionless packings, namely, binary convex superdisks, with shapes that continuously interpolate between circles and squares. By incorporating specific attributes of MRJ states and a novel organizing principle, our formula yields predictions of ϕMRJ that are in excellent agreement with corresponding computer-simulation estimates in almost the entire α-x plane with semi-axis ratio α and small-particle relative number concentration x. Importantly, in the monodisperse circle limit, the predicted ϕMRJ = 0.834 agrees very well with the very recently numerically discovered MRJ density of 0.827, which distinguishes it from high-density “random-close packing” polycrystalline states and hence provides a stringent test on the theory. Similarly, for non-circular monodisperse superdisks, we predict MRJ states with densities that are appreciably smaller than is conventionally thought to be achievable by standard packing protocols.
Inner retinal oxygen metabolism in the 50/10 oxygen-induced retinopathy model
Authors: Soetikno Brian T. , Yi Ji , Shah Ronil , Liu Wenzhong , Purta Patryk , Zhang Hao F. , Fawzi Amani A.
Published: November 2015

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) represents a major cause of childhood vision loss worldwide. The 50/10 oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model mimics the findings of ROP, including peripheral vascular attenuation and neovascularization. The oxygen metabolism of the inner retina has not been previously explored in this model. Using visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT), we measured the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and blood flow within inner retinal vessels, enabling us to compute the inner retinal oxygen delivery (irDO2) and metabolic rate of oxygen (irMRO2). We compared these measurements between age-matched room-air controls and rats with 50/10 OIR on postnatal day 18. To account for a 61% decrease in the irDO2 in the OIR group, we found an overall statistically significant decrease in retinal vascular density affecting the superficial and deep retinal vascular capillary networks in rats with OIR compared to controls. Furthermore, matching the reduced irDO2, we found a 59% decrease in irMRO2, which we correlated with a statistically significant reduction in retinal thickness in the OIR group, suggesting that the decreased irMRO2 was due to decreased neuronal oxygen utilization. By exploring these biological and metabolic changes in great detail, our study provides an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of OIR model.
A Deep Look Into Erionite Fibres: an Electron Microscopy Investigation of their Self-Assembly
Authors: Matassa Roberto , Familiari Giuseppe , Relucenti Michela , Battaglione Ezio , Downing Clive , Pacella Alessandro , Cametti Georgia , Ballirano Paolo
Published: November 2015

The exposure of humans to erionite fibres of appropriate morphology and dimension has been unambiguously linked to the occurrence of Malignant Mesothelioma. For this reason, a detailed morpho-structural investigation through Electron Microscopy techniques has been performed on erionite samples collected at two different localities, Durkee (ED) and Rome (ER), Oregon, USA. The sample from Rome has been also investigated after a prolonged leaching with Gamble’s solution (ER4G) in order to evaluate the possible occurrence of morpho-structural modifications induced by this Simulated-Lung-Fluid (SLF). Here we report how the micrometric erionite fibres evolve in irregular ribbon- or rod-like bundles as a function of different nano-structural features. The reasons for the observed morphological variability have been explained by considering the structural defects located at ED surface fibrils (bi-dimensional ribbons) and the presence of nontronite, an iron-bearing clay mineral embedding the ER fibrils (mono-dimensional rods). ER4G shows a decrease in width of the rod-like fibres due to their partial digestion by SLF leaching, which synchronously dissolves nontronite. The reported results represent a valuable background toward the full comprehension of the morphological mechanisms responsible for potentially damage of lung tissue through the potential relocation of fibers to extrapulmonary sites, increasing the carcinogenic risk to humans.
Rapid Recent Warming of Coral Reefs in the Florida Keys
Authors: Manzello Derek P.
Published: November 2015

Coral reef decline in the Florida Keys has been well-publicized, controversial and polarizing owing to debate over the causative agent being climate change versus overfishing. The recurrence of mass bleaching in 2014, the sixth event since 1987, prompted a reanalysis of temperature data. The summer and winter of 2014 were the warmest on record. The oldest known in-situ temperature record of any coral reef is from Hens and Chickens Reef (H&C) in the Florida Keys, which showed significant warming from 1975–2014. The average number of days ≥31.5 and 32oC per year increased 2670% and 2560%, respectively, from the mid-1990 s to present relative to the previous 20 years. In every year after 1992 and 1994, maximum daily average temperatures exceeded 30.5 and 31°C, respectively. From 1975–1994, temperatures were <31 °C in 61% of years and in 44% of the years prior to 1992 temperatures were <30.5 °C. The measured rate of warming predicts the start of annual bleaching between 2020 and 2034, sooner than expected from climate models and satellite-based sea temperatures. These data show that thermal stress is increasing and occurring on a near-annual basis on Florida Keys reefs due to ocean warming from climate change.
Type of in vitro cultivation influences cytoadhesion, knob structure, protein localization and transcriptome profile of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Tilly Ann-Kathrin , Thiede Jenny , Metwally Nahla , Lubiana Pedro , Bachmann Anna , Roeder Thomas , Rockliffe Nichola , Lorenzen Stephan , Tannich Egbert , Gutsmann Thomas , Bruchhaus Iris
Published: November 2015

In vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum is critical for studying the biology of this parasite. However, it is likely that different in vitro cultivation conditions influence various aspects of the parasite’s life cycle. In the present study two P. falciparum isolates were cultivated using the two most common methods, in which AlbuMAX or human serum as additives are used and the results were compared. The type of cultivation influenced the knob structure of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs). IEs cultivated with AlbuMAX had fewer knobs than those cultivated with human serum. Furthermore, knob size varied between isolates and is also depended on the culture medium. In addition, there was a greater reduction in the cytoadhesion of IEs to various endothelial receptors in the presence of AlbuMAX than in the presence of human serum. Surprisingly, cytoadhesion did not correlate with the presence or absence of knobs. Greater numbers of the variant surface antigen families RIFIN, STEVOR and PfMC-2TM were found at the IE membrane when cultivated in the presence of AlbuMAX. Moreover, the type of cultivation had a marked influence on the transcriptome profile. Compared with cultivation with human serum, cultivation with AlbuMAX increased the expression of approximately 500–870 genes.
FOXO1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis partially by antagnozing MYC
Authors: Tan Peng , Guan Hanfeng , Xie Linka , Mi Baoguo , Fang Zhong , Li Jing , Li Feng
Published: November 2015

FOXO transcription factors especially FOXO1 have profound roles in bone development and remodeling. The regulation of cells of the osteoblast lineage by FOXOs is suggested to be stage-specific or context dependent. Intriguingly, recent studies on the role played by FOXOs in osteoclastogenesis reached different conclusion. Bartell et al. showed that FOXOs restrained osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption partially by upregulation of the H2O2-inactivating enzyme catalase. Wang et al. demonstrated that FOXO1 activated osteoclast formation. In the present study, we confirmed the results of Bartell et al. that FOXO1 expression was reduced upon stimulation of RANKL; FOXO1 inhibition promoted and FOXO1 activation repressed, osteoclast differentiation and activity; the inhibitory effect of FOXO1 on osteoclastogenesis was partially mediated by ROS since treatment with ROS scavengers cancelled the effect of FOXO1 inhibition on osteoclastogenesis. We further investigated the mechanisms responsible for repressed osteoclastogenesis by FOXO1. We found that FOXO1 inhibition modulated MAPKs, NF-κB and AP-1. Finally, we proved that the inhibitory effect of FOXO1 on osteoclast formation was partially mediated by MYC suppression by showing that MYC repression almost totally abrogated the effect of FOXO1 inhibition on osteoclastogenesis. To conclude, our study confirmed FOXO1 as a cell-autonomous inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis.
Spontaneous membrane-translocating peptides: influence of peptide self-aggregation and cargo polarity
Authors: Macchi Sara , Signore Giovanni , Boccardi Claudia , Di Rienzo Carmine , Beltram Fabio , Cardarelli Francesco
Published: November 2015

Peptides that translocate spontaneously across cell membranes could transform the field of drug delivery by enabling the transport of otherwise membrane-impermeant molecules into cells. In this regard, a 9-aminoacid-long motif (representative sequence: PLIYLRLLR, hereafter Translocating Motif 9, TM9) that spontaneously translocates across membranes while carrying a polar dye was recently identified by high-throughput screening. Here we investigate its transport properties by a combination of in cuvette physico-chemical assays, rational mutagenesis, live-cell confocal imaging and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements. We unveil TM9 ability to self-aggregate in a concentration-dependent manner and demonstrate that peptide self-aggregation is a necessary –yet not sufficient– step for effective membrane translocation. Furthermore we show that membrane crossing can occur with apolar payloads while it is completely inhibited by polar ones. These findings are discussed and compared to previous reports. The present results impose a careful rethinking of this class of sequences as direct-translocation vectors suitable for delivery purposes.
Indicator displacement assay for cholesterol electrochemical sensing using a calix[6]arene functionalized graphene-modified electrode
Authors: Yang Long , Zhao Hui , Li Yucong , Ran Xin , Deng Guogang , Zhang Yanqiong , Ye Hanzhang , Zhao Genfu , Li Can-Peng
Published: November 2015

Indicator displacement assay for cholesterol (Cho) sensing using CX6–Gra against MB.
A robust electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen detection based on a microtiter plate as a bridge and Au@Pd nanorods as a peroxidase mimic
Authors: Zhang Yong , Pang Xuehui , Wu Dan , Ma Hongmin , Yan Zhaoqing , Zhang Jiatao , Du Bin , Wei Qin
Published: November 2015

The common drawbacks of most traditional electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassays are the strict storage conditions for the ECL electrode and the steric hindrance caused by bovine serum albumin and antigen.
Genomics and taxonomy in diagnostics for food security: soft-rotting enterobacterial plant pathogens
Authors: Pritchard Leighton , Glover Rachel H. , Humphris Sonia , Elphinstone John G. , Toth Ian K.
Published: November 2015

Whole genome comparisons provide a quantitative, objective basis for taxonomic classification of bacterial pathogens important to food security.
Voltammetric behavior of HeLa cells on a carbon nanotube/ionic liquid modified electrode for cytotoxicity evaluation of chlorophenols
Authors: Zhu Xiaolin , Qin Hongwei , Wu Guanlan , Li Jinlian , Yuan Xing , Wu Dongmei
Published: November 2015

Two voltammetric signals based on the purine metabolism of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells on a sensitive p-MWCNT/IL/GCE was discovered. The cytotoxicity of three chlorophenols was tested with this double-signal electrochemical method.
The cost-effective synthesis of furan- and thienyl-based microporous polyaminals for adsorption of gases and organic vapors
Authors: Li Guiyang , Zhang Biao , Yan Jun , Wang Zhonggang
Published: November 2015

Microporous polyaminals are prepared from melamine with furfural and 2-thenaldehyde, respectively, which possess high uptakes for CO2, H2, aromatic and aliphatic vapors, exhibiting potential in gas storage and recovery of toxic organic vapors.
Total syntheses of (±)-spiroindimicins B and C enabled by a late-stage Schöllkopf–Magnus–Barton–Zard (SMBZ) reaction
Authors: Blair Lachlan M. , Sperry Jonathan
Published: November 2015

The total syntheses of the structurally unprecedented alkaloids (±)-spiroindimicins B and C has been achieved.
Characterization of nitrogen species incorporated into graphite using low energy nitrogen ion sputtering
Authors: Kiuchi Hisao , Kondo Takahiro , Sakurai Masataka , Guo Donghui , Nakamura Junji , Niwa Hideharu , Miyawaki Jun , Kawai Maki , Oshima Masaharu , Harada Yoshihisa
Published: November 2015

The well-controlled nitrogen doped graphite with graphitic nitrogen located in the zigzag edge and/or vacancy sites can be realized using the low energy nitrogen sputtering. The doping mechanism of nitrogen ions is also discussed.
Fe3O4 and Au nanoparticles dispersed on the graphene support as a highly active catalyst toward the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Hai , Zhang Jijun , Yan Xinyu , Chen Zexiang
Published: November 2015

We report a highly efficient and reusable bifunctional nanostructured composite catalyst, wherein Au nanoparticles and Fe3O4 particles exhibit excellent dispersing ability on the graphene.
Complexes of ambiphilic ligands: reactivity and catalytic applications
Authors: Bouhadir Ghenwa , Bourissou Didier
Published: November 2015

This review focuses on the way Lewis acids of ambiphilic ligands influence the reactivity of transition metal complexes and on the new perspectives this opens in catalysis.
Non-precious metal complexes with an anionic PCP pincer architecture
Authors: Murugesan Sathiyamoorthy , Kirchner Karl
Published: November 2015

This perspective article provides an overview of the advancements in the field of non-precious metal PCsp2P and PCsp3P pincer complexes.
Highly tunable fluorinated trispyrazolylborates [HB(3-CF3-5-{4-RPh}pz)3]− (R = NO2, CF3, Cl, F, H, OMe and NMe2) and their copper(i) complexes
Authors: van Dijkman Thomas F. , Siegler Maxime A. , Bouwman Elisabeth
Published: November 2015

A spectroscopic series of fluorinated trispyrazolylborate ligands was used to make copper(i) complexes with carbon monoxide and ethene. The tunable ligands induce clear trends in infrared and NMR spectra of the copper compounds.
Nanotoxicology in the environment
Authors: Schirmer Kristin , Auffan Melanie
Published: November 2015

Guest editors Kristin Schirmer and Melanie Auffan introduce the Nanotoxicology in the Environment themed issue of Environmental Science: Nano.
Emerging investigators series: formation of disinfection byproducts during the preparation of tea and coffee
Authors: Bond Tom , Tang Seeheen C. , Graham Nigel , Templeton Michael R.
Published: November 2015

This study examined the formation of selected disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during the chlorination of breakfast, Earl Grey and green tea, and from instant and filter coffee.
Do we need Green Analytical Chemistry?
Authors: Koel Mihkel
Published: November 2015

There is very strong opinion that Green Analytical Chemistry is needed beside so-called common Analytical Chemistry. However, the developments in Analytical Chemistry must lead to environmentally safe, economical and cost-effective methods on the whole.
Assessment of the potential of a high frequency acoustomicrofluidic nebulisation platform for inhaled stem cell therapy
Authors: Alhasan Layla , Qi Aisha , Rezk Amgad R. , Yeo Leslie Y. , Chan Peggy P. Y.
Published: November 2015

This study demonstrates the use of a novel high frequency acoustic nebulisation platform as an effective aerosolisation technique for inhaled mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy.
Re-membering the body: applications of computational neuroscience to the top-down control of regeneration of limbs and other complex organs
Authors: Pezzulo G. , Levin M.
Published: November 2015

How do regenerating bodies know when to stop remodeling? Bioelectric signaling networks guide pattern formation and may implement a somatic memory system. Deep parallels may exist between information processing in the brain and morphogenetic control mechanisms.
Mimicking vanadium haloperoxidases: vanadium(iii)–carboxylic acid complexes and their application in H2O2 detection
Authors: Feng Xiao Dong , Zhang Xiao Xi , Wang Zhi Nan , Song Jian , Xing Yong Heng , Bai Feng Ying
Published: November 2015

Two vanadium(iii) complexes were synthesized. Hydrogen peroxide was detected by a colorimetric method based on catalytic bromination reactions with the complexes as catalysts.
Design of medium band gap random terpolymers containing fluorene linked diketopyrrolopyrrole and thiophene co-monomers: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: SambathKumar B. , Varathan E. , Subramanian V. , Somanathan N.
Published: November 2015

Six different random terpolymers were synthesised and their optoelectronic properties were fine-tuned by varying the thiophene strength.
Microwave assisted synthesis, characterization and thermoacoustical study of a β-naphthol-guanidine-formaldehyde copolymer resin
Authors: Kukade Suraj D. , Singh Sunit Kumar , Tekade P. V. , Naik Ritesh R. , Bawankar S. V.
Published: November 2015

The thermo acoustic parameter evaluation of a β-naphthol-guanidine-formaldehyde copolymer resin for studying hydrogen bonding interactions between the polymer and ethanol as solvent.
Monolithic magnetic carbonaceous beads for efficient Cr(vi) removal from water
Authors: Lei Zhi-Min , An Qing-Da , Fan Yuan , Lv Jia-Liang , Gao Ce , Zhai Shang-Ru , Xiao Zuo-Yi
Published: November 2015

Alginate-derived magnetic monolithic carbonaceous beads were synthesized for the first time, aiming for efficient Cr(vi) removal, easy recovery and reusability.
Mesoporous In2O3 nanocrystals: synthesis, characterization and NOx gas sensor at room temperature
Authors: Gao Jun , Wu Hongyuan , Zhou Jiao , Yao Liyuan , Zhang Guo , Xu Shuang , Xie Yu , Li Li , Shi Keying
Published: November 2015

Highly mesoporous In2O3 nanocrystals exhibit excellent sensing performance toward NOx, with a low detection limit of 970 ppb at room temperature.
Conducting poly(o-anisidine) nanofibre dispersed epoxy-siloxane composite coatings: synthesis, characterization and corrosion protective performance
Authors: Rawat Neha Kanwar , Pathan Shabnam , Sinha Alok Kumar , Ahmad Sharif
Published: November 2015

Tartaric acid–dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid doped poly(o-anisidine) dispersed epoxy–siloxane nanocomposites exhibited promising application as new generation smart anti-corrosive coating materials.
Detailed studies of the interaction of 3-chloroaniline with O,O′-diphenylphosphorylisothiocyanate
Authors: Babashkina Maria G. , Robeyns Koen , Filinchuk Yaroslav , Safin Damir A.
Published: November 2015

The reaction of neat 3-chloroaniline with neat SCN–P(O)(OPh)2leads to1. The same reaction in non-dried CH2Cl2or C6H6or Me2CO leads to2,3·0.5C6H6and4, respectively.
Biosourced 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids derived from isosorbide
Authors: M'sahel Malek , Obadia Mona Marie , Medimagh Raouf , Serghei Anatoli , Said Zina Mongia , Drockenmuller Eric
Published: November 2015

The drastic influence of 1,4-3,6-dianhydrohexitols stereochemistry on physical, thermal and ion conducting properties.
Exchange of pyridine and bipyridine ligands in trimethylplatinum(iv) iodide complexes: substituent and solvent effects
Authors: Ghosh Biswa Nath , Schlecht Sabine
Published: November 2015

Exchange of pyridine ligands with 2,2′-bipyridines in trimethylplatinum(iv) iodide complexes have been studied. Substituent as well as solvent effects on the ligand-exchange studies have also been investigated.
Facile synthesis of pyranopyrazoles and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones by a Ti-grafted polyamidoamine dendritic silica hybrid catalyst via a dual activation route
Authors: Sinija P. S. , Sreekumar K.
Published: November 2015

Biologically potent pyranopyrazoles and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones are synthesized via a dual activation route by a Ti grafted polyamidoamine dendritic silica hybrid catalyst.
A simple technique for performing evaporation of quaterthiophene below the melting temperature for vapour phase polymerisation and physical vapour deposition
Authors: Mayevsky David , Tosado Jacob , Easton Christopher D. , Ng Chun Hin , Fuhrer Michael S. , Winther-Jensen Bjorn
Published: November 2015

A new method to evaporate larger molecules for organic electronics.
Hydrocarbon degradation by a newly isolated thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. with bioemulsifier production and new alkB genes
Authors: Xia Wenjie , Dong Hao , Zheng Chenggang , Cui Qingfeng , He Panqing , Tang Yongchun
Published: November 2015

In this work, a new thermophilic bacterial strain was isolated and identified asAnoxybacillussp. WJ-4. This strain of WJ-4 can degrade a wide range of hydrocarbons, and production of an oligosaccharide–lipid–peptide bioemulsifier was detected.
Studies on flue gas desulfurization using EDA/SiO2–phosphoric acid solution as an absorbent
Authors: Bo Wen , Zhang Junjie , Li Hongxia , Song Xiangjia
Published: November 2015

The synthesis route of EDA/SiO2, with the additive of H3PO4. It can be used as an absorber to absorb SO2 in flue gas.
Recent applications of the hetero Diels–Alder reaction in the total synthesis of natural products
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Ahmadi Tahereh , Ghavidel Mahdieh , Heidari Bahareh , Hamidi Hoda
Published: November 2015

The synthetic utility and potential power of the Diels–Alder (D–A) reaction in organic chemistry is evident.
The biorelevant concentration of Tween 80 solution is a simple alternative medium to simulated fasted state intestinal fluid
Authors: Yang Bin , Wu Chunnuan , Ji Bin , Ai Xiaoyu , Kuang Xiao , Wu Mingrui , Sun Mengchi , Luo Cong , He Zhonggui , Sun Jin
Published: November 2015

The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the use of the biorelevant concentration of conventional surfactants as an alternative medium to simulated fasted state intestinal fluid for drugs with different acid–base properties is feasible.
Facile non thermal plasma based desorption of self assembled monolayers for achieving low temperature and low pressure Cu–Cu thermo-compression bonding
Authors: Ghosh Tamal , Krushnamurthy K. , Panigrahi Asisa Kumar , Dutta Asudeb , Subrahmanyam Ch. , Vanjari Siva Rama Krishna , Singh Shiv Govind
Published: November 2015

This paper reports Self Assembled Monolayer (SAM) of propanethiol desorption assisted low temperature, low pressure Cu–Cu thermo-compression bonding, a technique which could be applied to developing next generation heterogeneous smart devices.
Enhancing the charge separation and migration efficiency of Bi2WO6 by hybridizing the P3HT conducting polymer
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Xu Jiayue , Zhang Zhijie , Zeng Haibo
Published: November 2015

A novel P3HT/Bi2WO6 composite photocatalyst with high charge separation and migration efficiency was designed, which exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance in the degradation of RhB under simulated solar light irradiation.
Molecular dynamics studies of interfacial crystallization behaviors in polyethylene/carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Yu Bowen , Fu Sirui , Wu Zhiqiang , Bai Hongwei , Ning Nanying , Fu Qiang
Published: November 2015

The interfacial crystallization of polyethylene can be greatly affected by the SWCNT surface topography and pre-orientation of the polyethylene chains.
Innovative photocatalyst (FeOx–TiO2): transients induced by femtosecond laser pulse leading to bacterial inactivation under visible light
Authors: Rtimi S. , Sanjines R. , Kiwi J. , Pulgarin C. , Bensimon M. , Khmel I. , Nadtochenko V.
Published: November 2015

This study reports the photosensitizing effect/mechanism of FeOx under visible light irradiation and charge transfer to TiO2 on FeOx–TiO2 cosputtered film.
Indole-based pH probe with ratiometric fluorescence behavior for intracellular imaging
Authors: Nan Ming , Niu Weifen , Fan Li , Lu Wenjing , Shuang Shaomin , Li Chenzhong , Dong Chuan
Published: November 2015

3-[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-(E)-2-propenal(FMIP) was used as a ratiometric fluorescent pH probe with favorable optical properties. The probe has excellent cell membrane permeability and is applied successfully to monitor pH in living cells.
Facile synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: a sustainable raw material for the synthesis of key intermediates toward 21,23-dioxaporphyrins
Authors: Rajmohan Rajamani , Gayathri Subramaniyan , Vairaprakash Pothiappan
Published: November 2015

In a simple and conceptually designed method for the dehydration of fructose on a solid support, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was synthesized in more than 95% isolated yield from fructose under very mild conditions at room temperature.
Tungsten diselenide (WSe2) as a high capacity, low overpotential conversion electrode for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Share Keith , Lewis John , Oakes Landon , Carter Rachel E. , Cohn Adam P. , Pint Cary L.
Published: November 2015

Tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is demonstrated as an efficient electrode for sodium ion batteries for the first time.
Improved structural and electrochemical performances of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials by Cr3+ and/or Ti4+ doping
Authors: Wang Li , Chen Dan , Wang Jiangfeng , Liu Guijuan , Wu Wei , Liang Guangchuan
Published: November 2015

The Cr and/or Ti doping leads to the enhanced rate capability and cycling stability. The co-doped sample exhibits the optimal electrochemical performance due to the presence of appropriate Mn3+ content and higher Li+ ion diffusion coefficient.
Hydrothermal synthesis of rhodium-doped barium titanate nanocrystals for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light
Authors: Nishioka Shunta , Maeda Kazuhiko
Published: November 2015

Photocatalytic activity of Rh-doped BaTiO3 nanocrystals for hydrogen evolution from water under visible light (λ > 420 nm) was improved by applying a hydrothermal method for the preparation.
A new probe based on rhodamine B and benzothiazole hydrazine for sensing hypochlorite in living cells and real water samples
Authors: Tang Zheng , Ding Xiao-Ling , Liu Ying , Zhao Zhi-Min , Zhao Bao-Xiang
Published: November 2015

We have developed a novel fluorescent probe (RBT) based on rhodamine B and benzothiazole hydrazine units for the detection of hypochlorite in living cells and real water samples with excellent selectivity and sensitivity.
Electrochemical deposition of Fe2O3 in the presence of organic additives: a route to enhanced photoactivity
Authors: Taffa Dereje H. , Hamm Ines , Dunkel Christian , Sinev Ilya , Bahnemann Detlef , Wark Michael
Published: November 2015

The photoelectrochemical activity of hematite films prepared by electrochemical deposition (ED) in the presence of organic additives is discussed.