bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shaping ideologies at the micro level: Stylization in EMI
Authors: Mendoza Anna
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Research on bi/multilingual oral interactions in English-medium instruction (EMI) is often concerned with how languages the teacher and/or students speak can be used for pedagogical scaffolding processes. In contrast, this paper aims to investigate how stylization of languages, including those that teacher and students only speak minimally, can likewise be harnessed for important pedagogical and interpersonal purposes.

Methodology:

I conduct an interactional sociolinguistic analysis of transcripts from an EMI teaching simulation in a Master’s in Education course at a university in Hong Kong.

Data and analysis:

As a cross-border teacher from Cantonese-speaking Guangdong and a local teacher of Indian heritage engaged in these language stylization processes, they show that teachers can effectively use bi/multilingual stylization in EMI with attention to student uptake and response.

Findings/Conclusions:

While pedagogical scaffolding is important in EMI, these processes can put more and less societally dominant languages in a diglossic, unequal relationship. In contrast, stylization can reconfigure classroom language norms and hierarchies, attach positive meanings to unratified codes, and allow teachers to share linguistic authority with students.

Originality:

Little research to date has studied stylization as a pedagogical resource in EMI, focusing instead on the use of languages teachers/students already know for scaffolding.

Significance/Implications:

Teacher professional development should address the topic of how to use language stylization in EMI, especially since these interactional strategies do not require teachers to dramatically reconfigure curriculum or instruction, yet have pedagogical and interpersonal benefits.

Limitations:

Future research should aim to study stylization in EMI in an authentic classroom setting.
Introduction: Social theory and the idea of the future
Authors: Delanty Gerard
Published: March 2024

There is a new sensibility to the concept of the future in recent writings in the human and social sciences. The modern idea of the future is undergoing a tremendous rupture today such that older or taken-for-granted assumptions about it can no longer be left unscrutinized. While much of the new interest in the future is about events yet to come – and the spectre of catastrophe looms large in such thinking – the challenge for social theory is to understand how the future should be conceptualized today and how it relates to other concepts, such as space, hope, possibility and utopia. Some of the major controverses about how the future should be conceptualized can be summed up around the following debates, which are explored in this introductory article: the question of the temporality of the future, the extent to which the future is open, whether utopia has been superseded by dystopia and the implications of posthumanism especially in the context of the emergence of new technologies that have far-reaching implications for the human condition.
‘How can I do it?’ Inclusive faculty members make recommendations for carrying out inclusive teaching practices
Authors: Sánchez-Díaz María-Nieves , Morgado Beatriz , Cabeza-Ruiz Ruth
Published: March 2024

Inclusive education at the university requires a commitment from staff and faculty to guide higher education towards equality and equity. The scientific literature suggests that the success of students with disability depends, to a large extent, on the attitude of faculty members and their willingness to make adjustments. Faculty who carry out inclusive practices are characterised by being accessible, making adjustments and adaptations and providing adapted materials and flexible assessment. Therefore, the learning context is basic to the educational inclusion of these students and depends largely on the role played by the faculty. The aim of this study was to provide recommendations made by 42 inclusive Education Science faculty members to other faculty members who have students with disability in their classrooms for the first time. A qualitative methodology was followed. Specifically, the biographical-narrative methodology was used, and the analysis of the data was defined by its narrative nature. The faculty recommended their colleagues to interact constantly with their students, adjust their teaching to respond to their needs, be interested in training, gather information about disability issues and learn about certain characteristics related to the teaching role that favour the educational and social inclusion of students with disability. This study allowed identifying several keys related to inclusive teaching practices in higher education.
Factors associated with instructor and peer pre-help-seeking interactions among community college students
Authors: Ryan Kate , Fong Carlton J
Published: March 2024

Community colleges, or 2-year associate-degree granting institutions, tend to enroll large numbers of students deemed misprepared for college-level coursework. Such students may also not be as likely to seek help, a self-regulated activity that is challenging and fraught with social stigma. A key component of active learning and the help-seeking process is social interaction with both peers and instructors throughout the learning process. We conducted structural equation modeling on data from the 2018 Community College Survey of Student Engagement ( N = 17,045 students) to identify the degree to which they engaged in social interactions with instructors and peers and to explore which factors were most predictive of such pre-help-seeking interactions. Various psychological and sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with both instructor and peer interactions. We discuss implications for fostering environments that cultivate active learning interactions and help-seeking cultures.
Specifying and Contextualising Predictive Theories of Democratic Policy Representation
Authors: Budge Ian , McDonald Michael D
Published: March 2024

This article complements Wlezien’s review of ‘conceptualisation, measurement and interpretation in representational research’ by considering how these operate within five predictive theories validated against comparative evidence, as recommended for cumulative research by Taagepera: and related to their wider institutional and methodological context by Budge. Methodologically, the article illustrates how predictive theories can be set up to explain political processes and validated against statistical evidence. Substantively, the theories both highlight and resolve the ‘Paradox of democracy’ – how can ideologically based political parties effectively match public policy to popular preferences with only weak guidance from citizens?
Physical activity coaching in patients with interstitial lung diseases: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Breuls Sofie , Zlamalova Tamara , Raisova Katerina , Blondeel Astrid , Wuyts Marieke , Dvoracek Martin , Zurkova Monika , Yserbyt Jonas , Janssens Wim , Wuyts Wim , Troosters Thierry , Demeyer Heleen
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Physical activity is reduced in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and physical inactivity is related to poor health outcomes. We investigated the effect of a telecoaching intervention to improve physical activity in patients with ILD.

Methods

Eighty patients with ILD were randomized into the intervention or control group. Patients in the intervention group received a 12-week telecoaching program including a step counter, a patient-tailored smartphone application, and coaching calls. Patients in the control group received usual care. Physical activity (primary outcome), physical fitness and quality of life were measured at baseline and 12 weeks later with an accelerometer, 6-min walking test and quadriceps muscle force and the King’s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease questionnaire (K-BILD).

Results

Participation in telecoaching did not improve physical activity: between-group differences for step count: 386 ± 590 steps/day, p = .52; sedentary time: 4 ± 18 min/day, p = .81; movement intensity: 0.04 ± 0.05 m/s2, p = .45). Between-group differences for the 6-min walking test, quadriceps muscle force and K-BILD were 14 ± 10 m, p = .16; 2 ± 3% predicted, p = .61; 0.8 ± 1.7 points, p = .62 respectively.

Conclusions

Twelve weeks of telecoaching did not improve physical activity, physical fitness or quality of life in patients with ILD. Future physical or behavioural interventions are needed for these patients to improve physical activity.
Sincere, Strategic, or Something Else? The Impact of Ranked-Choice Voting on Voter Decision Making Processes
Authors: Simmons Alan , Waterbury Nicholas W.
Published: March 2024

The academic debate on how voters decide which candidates to support often centers on whether they prioritize their personal preferences or consider who can beat the opposing candidate. American research on voting behavior has largely focused on first-past-the-post (FPTP) elections. However, considering jurisdictions are adopting new electoral systems such as ranked-choice voting (RCV) this leads to several questions about the impact of system adoption on voter decision-making. Particularly, does the voter decision-making process differ depending on the system used? To investigate the impact of RCV on voter decision-making across electoral systems we conducted a survey experiment in a federal senate election. Our findings indicate that in comparison to FPTP elections, RCV elections may lead to decreases in both sincere and strategic voting. Instead, RCV appears to increase voter uncertainty around how to decide which candidates to support and leads to voters who appear to be neither sincere nor strategic.
Research of open government data in China: A systematic literature study in public administration (2013–2023)
Authors: Tang Yiqi , Li Shuai
Published: March 2024

By building structures on open government data and illuminating the area of China with a systematic assessment of 220 papers published in major journals of public administration from 2013 to 2023, this article aims to bridge the research gap of open government data. It presents an overview of the landscape of Chinese OGD research and exposes the current gaps with the paths of unresolved research in the future by thoroughly examining the overall progress, theoretical topics, theoretical underpinnings, and methodologies of these studies. Combining the findings of this analysis with the overall trends in Chinese OGD development and the current international research frontiers on OGD, the article suggests that Chinese scholars should critically examine international theories and construct a development framework tailored to the specific needs of Chinese OGD. It also proposes the coordinate mechanism and the synergistic effect at the micro-level need to be further explored and use more advanced quantitative research methodologies to confirm theoretical and qualitative empirical findings.
Using Ubuntu as a Research Paradigm to Unpack How Ghanaian Novice Teachers and Their Collaborators Engaged Virtually in Collaborative International Qualitative Research
Authors: Borti Adeline M. , Maurya Rakesh K. , Jones-Mensah Ivy S. , Wickramaarachchi Thilina I.
Published: March 2024

The article details how Ubuntu was incorporated into each step of the research project, shares the authors’ experiences and key learnings, and provides recommendations for researchers utilizing Ubuntu as a research paradigm. Ubuntu is an ancient African philosophy emphasizing a way of life grounded in interdependence, collaboration, harmony, and community. In recent years, researchers have incorporated Ubuntu as a research paradigm to decolonize research in a sub-Saharan African context. The present article used international collaborative qualitative research conducted virtually during the COVID-19 pandemic to demonstrate the application of Ubuntu as a research paradigm for conducting research in the African context. Some of the key takeaways include technological factors to consider, establishing connections during the planning stage, and ultimately nurturing productive collaboration within virtual groups.
Changes in Participant Interactions. Using Focus Group Analysis Methodology to Explore the Impact on Participant Interactions of Face-to-Face Versus Online Video Data Collection Methods
Authors: de Souza Joanna , Gillett Karen , Salifu Yakubu , Walshe Catherine
Published: March 2024

Qualitative data collection using online focus groups is increasing in popularity. However this may change the way discussion is created and steered by the participants and facilitators in these focus groups and so potentially influence the data collected. In a focus group study exploring end of life family conversations in African and Caribbean heritage communities, two focus groups were held face-to-face and a further three took place online using the online video conference software, Microsoft teams. Sociograms and an interaction questionnaire were used to analyse participant interactions in each group. The study involved 21 participants across the five groups. The use of sociograms showed that direct participant to participant interactions were rarer in the online groups, most interactions went via the facilitator who as a result retained more power over the direction of the conversation. Participants responses analysed using the interaction questionnaire showed that participants were stimulated by the experiences of others in both contexts. The facilitator found it harder to create rapport in the online groups than in the face-to-face groups where conversation between participants seemed to flow more smoothly. The observer notes suggested that non-verbal communication was less evident in the online groups. In larger groups people made more use of turn taking using the hands-up function and chat box than in smaller groups where all participants could see each other more easily on screen. Researchers need to be aware of the impact of different delivery modalities on group interactions and how this may change the power dynamics of who is controlling the narrative and therefore the data generated. Group facilitators may need find it useful to develop skills needed to maximise the conversational element of online forms of data collection.
National cross-disciplinary research ethics and integrity study: methodology and results from Estonia
Authors: Simm Kadri , Parder Mari-Liisa , Tammeleht Anu , Lees Kadri
Published: March 2024

While empirical studies of research ethics and integrity are increasingly common, few have aimed at national scope, and even fewer at current results from Central and Eastern Europe. This article introduces the results of the first national research integrity survey in Estonia, which included all research-performing organisations in Estonia, was inclusive of all disciplines and all levels of experience. A web-based survey was developed and carried out in Estonia with a call sent to all accredited Estonian research institutions. The results indicate that the vast majority (89%) of respondents consider research ethics and integrity issues important and view falsification, fabrication, and plagiarism (FFPs) as the most severe forms of misconduct. Self-reporting of FFPs is generally comparable to levels published in other studies (6.2%). Gift authorship (41%) and hampering the work of a colleague (32%) were problematic practices most noticed among colleagues. At the same time, two of the noticed questionable research practices (QRPs) – salami-slicing and misuse of research funding – were seen as less severe, hinting at the existence of counter-norms that career advancement rules and structural factors like funding policies may encourage. The availability of research ethics and integrity guidelines was considered good. Ethical aspects of studying potentially stigmatising data in a very small research community are discussed in the article and results are analysed through counter-norms and normative dissonance frames.
Translating novel collective behaviour measures to concepts and principles of play as understood by football coaches
Authors: Corsie Martin , Malone Michael , Swinton Paul A
Published: March 2024

Background

A range of innovative performance analysis metrics have been applied in recent years to investigate aspects of football using tempo-spatial and network analyses. These approaches have gained traction within some professional teams to quantify and assess features of collective behaviour. However, metrics employed are rarely created from, or clearly link to, domain expertise and as a result coaches may be hesitant of their value. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify coach perceptions of spatial temporal and network metrics and identify the feasibility of an iterative and collaborative process to developing metrics.

Methods

Two rounds of semi-structured interviews were conducted with three Scottish youth international UEFA Pro License coaches (age: 47.0 ± 2.7 years) with a focus on aligning metrics with concepts and principles of play. An iterative approach was used centring around spatial-temporal and network metrics and their adaptation. Reflexive thematic analyses were conducted with final metrics categorized as resonant (accurately describing concept or principles of play), relevant (appropriate but with limitations that need improvement), or hesitant (skeptical of usefulness).

Results

Across the ten recognized principles of play, nine metrics were identified and adapted to varying degrees. Resonant metrics included: network intensity (mobility), distance between defenders (discipline), triangles (support), team length and distance between deepest defender and goal line (depth).

Conclusion

Coaches recognize principles of play within complex collective behaviour metrics and should be encouraged to collaborate with analysts to develop support systems that may prove to be more valuable and usable.
Evolution of sport wearable global navigation satellite systems’ receivers: A look at the Garmin Forerunner series
Authors: Szot Tomasz
Published: March 2024

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) have revolutionised many areas of human life by providing location, navigation, tracking, mapping and timing capabilities. The use of this technology would not be possible without receivers designed for specific applications. One of these areas is sport. The article discusses the advancements made in wearable sport devices over the past two decades (2003–2023) and uses Garmin’s Forerunner receivers as an example. Nineteen of the most advanced models were analysed chronologically and reviewed in three sections: physical properties, internal and external sensors and other functional aspects. The lists are preceded by a description of the historical background of the technology, an explanation of the general principles of operation and the identification of ground-breaking mobile devices before the year 2003. The summary identifies the most likely changes that will affect the publicly available, wearable sports GNSS receivers in the near future.
Elsberg Syndrome: A Case Report of a Novel Radiographic Presentation
Authors: Lyons Clayton E. , Dixit Karan
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Elsberg syndrome (ES) presents with bowel and bladder dysfunction, resembling cauda equina syndrome, and is classified as a clinicoradiographic syndrome most commonly associated with HSV-2 reactivation. Most cases reveal smooth and continuous nerve enhancement on imaging. Case Description: We present a unique case of ES that presented as several nodular, ring enhancing soft tissue masses along the cauda equina. An 81-year-old woman presented with several weeks of sacral sensory impairment. MRI of the lumbar spine at presentation showed several nodular, ring enhancing soft tissue masses within the thecal sac along the cauda equina, concerning for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from an unknown primary source. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was notable for lymphocyte predominant pleocytosis and protein elevation, which was nonspecific but suggestive of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. CSF rapid meningitis panel was positive for HSV2 which was confirmed on HSV2 PCR. The patient was briefly on on acyclovir and was stopped due to lack of meningioencephalitis symptoms. Malignancy workup with cytological analysis and systemic imaging were negative. Given the absence of malignancy and positive HSV2 PCR, the patient was diagnosed with HSV-2 sacral radiculitis and subsequently treated with a full course of intravenous acyclovir with gradual clinical and radiographic improvement. Discussion: Ring-enhancing lesions along the cauda equina are most suggestive of LC. Our case highlights an as of yet unreported presentation of ES which may be valuable for neurologists to be aware of as to avoid any potential diagnostic dilemma, minimize unnecessary and costly testing, and not delay effective treatment.
Ophthalmic primary care in Singapore: Considerations for review
Authors: Lim Hou Boon , Aung Tin
Published: March 2024

Ophthalmic primary care (OPC) of Singapore residents is mainly provided for by trained specialists. This is due both to the current nature of the public healthcare system as well as societal perceptions and preferences, and it imposes a heavy burden on the country’s ophthalmologist resource. Changing population demographics, escalating costs as well limitations to medical manpower growth have necessitated a shift in Singapore’s healthcare strategy to focus on primary and preventive care. This national policy change further emphasizes the need to invest in OPC as a more structured service. Revisiting the principles of primary care and how they apply to ophthalmology will be an important first step in a timely review of the country’s OPC system.
Labour standards in global garment supply chains and the proposed EU corporate sustainability due diligence directive
Authors: Velluti Samantha
Published: March 2024

Growing concerns over labour standards and workers’ rights in global supply chains (GSCs) have led many companies to adopt codes of conduct (CoCs) as part of increasing attempts to self-regulate through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) instruments to promote international labour standards in suppliers’ factories. However, improvements in labour standards and the level of protection of workers’ rights in GSCs are unsatisfactory, the garment industry labour force being a case in point. At European Union (EU) level this has led to the adoption of an EU corporate sustainability package in addition to previously adopted sector-specific/thematic due diligence legislation. This article looks closely at selected labour standards and labour rights aspects of the EU proposed Directive on corporate sustainability due diligence (CSDD) and evaluates its contribution to the improvement of workers’ rights protection in global garment supply chains.
Current progress and challenges in the development of brain tissue models: How to grow up the changeable brain in vitro?
Authors: Salmina Alla B , Alexandrova Olga P , Averchuk Anton S , Korsakova Sofia A , Saridis Mikis R , Illarioshkin Sergey N , Yurchenko Stanislav O
Published: March 2024

In vitro modeling of brain tissue is a promising but not yet resolved problem in modern neurobiology and neuropharmacology. Complexity of the brain structure and diversity of cell-to-cell communication in (patho)physiological conditions make this task almost unachievable. However, establishment of novel in vitro brain models would ultimately lead to better understanding of development-associated or experience-driven brain plasticity, designing efficient approaches to restore aberrant brain functioning. The main goal of this review is to summarize the available data on methodological approaches that are currently in use, and to identify the most prospective trends in development of neurovascular unit, blood-brain barrier, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and neurogenic niche in vitro models. The manuscript focuses on the regulation of adult neurogenesis, cerebral microcirculation and fluids dynamics that should be reproduced in the in vitro 4D models to mimic brain development and its alterations in brain pathology. We discuss approaches that are critical for studying brain plasticity, deciphering the individual person-specific trajectory of brain development and aging, and testing new drug candidates in the in vitro models.
Systematic review on utilization of WhatsApp in education
Authors: P Tamil Selvan , G Kalaiyarasan
Published: March 2024

In this era, digital education technology, information and communication technologies have changed learning. WhatsApp group education has emerged because it can take place anytime and everywhere as compared to an offline approach. Students are slowly gaining confidence in digital education, but there are also drawbacks, associated with cheating and misuse of educational information. The purpose of this study is to explore the utilization of WhatsApp in education. This study is a systematic review of the utilization of WhatsApp in education based on 10 papers published on the topic between 2014 and 2020. The results reveal that students are positive about utilising WhatsApp groups for learning. This paper is an attempt to bring conceptual clarity about utilization of WhatsApp groups in education and to suggest technical security measures that can be adopted.
Matter(’)s (of) unconscious(ing): Re-membering/reconfiguring(,) the logics/structure of supplementarity
Authors: Barad Karen
Published: March 2024

Engaging Derrida's logics of supplementarity, I bring forward the fact that spacetimemattering always already engages in all matter of re-memberings, and is always already inhabited by unconscious(ing), both of which are processes constitutive of spacetimemattering.
Three different surgical methods of the special tracheobronchial foreign body (pen cap) in children: Case series
Authors: Zhi-Pan Teng , Qi Li , Xiao-Fei Shen
Published: March 2024

We present three novel cases of tracheobronchial foreign bodies (TFBs) in children caused by pen caps. One was removed by the rigid bronchoscopy successfully, the second was removed by rigid bronchoscopy combined with tracheotomy, and the last one was treated by bronchotomy from an external thoracic approach. Rigid bronchoscopy is the most widely used for treating TFBs in clinics, especially treating large and special foreign bodies, because rigid bronchoscopy can provide a good view for observation and operation. Successful removal of a foreign body under rigid bronchoscopy (an experienced doctor, suitable instruments, etc.) can obviate tracheotomy/tracheostomy or thoracotomy/bronchotomy.
The interplay of rational evaluation and motivated reasoning in privacy helplessness: An integrative approach
Authors: Cho Hichang
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the factors that influence individuals’ privacy helplessness in the context of social media and mobile application use. An integrative research model was proposed, simultaneously examining both rational evaluation processes and directional motivated reasoning. The integrative research model was tested using national survey data collected from Facebook users (Study 1, n = 660) and mobile application users (Study 2, n = 385) in the US. The findings demonstrated significant associations between privacy helplessness and factors related to directional motivated reasoning (e.g. perceived rewards, costs, and benefits) as well as the rational evaluation model (e.g. perceived privacy control, trust in the provider, and response efficacy). Moreover, the interaction effects observed in the studies suggest that the two mechanisms either reinforced or attenuated each other's influence. In conclusion, the results emphasize that privacy research should explore both theoretical mechanisms concurrently, as opposed to independently, since they not only operate in conjunction but also interact to define boundary conditions for one another.
What are the available online resources targeting psychosocial burden among stroke survivors and their informal caregivers: A scoping review
Authors: Delvallée Marion , Garreau Romain , Termoz Anne , Ploteau Pierre-Marie , Derex Laurent , Schott Anne-Marie , Haesebaert Julie
Published: March 2024

Background

After discharge home, stroke survivors and their informal caregivers face a significant lack of support and information which accentuates their psychosocial burden. Online resources might provide this support and address psychosocial needs, but existing online stroke programmes mainly target functional rehabilitation. We aimed to map the existing literature on online resources that have been evaluated in stroke rehabilitation and aimed at reducing psychosocial impact in stroke survivors and informal caregivers.

Methods

MEDLINE was searched (2010–2024) to identify studies investigating online resources targeting psychosocial health. Studies were selected and extracted independently by two reviewers. We described the content, use, and psychosocial impact of these interventions using a narrative approach.

Results

Eleven studies were included in the review, reporting 10 online resources (two studies relating to the same resource). Online resources were heterogeneous: eight information/resources websites, one mobile app, and one forum. Five online resources were dedicated to stroke survivors, four to stroke survivors and their informal caregivers, and one to informal caregivers. Two randomized controlled trials reported a significant decrease in depressive symptoms associated with the use of online resources. Stroke survivors and informal caregivers find online resources useful and acceptable to address their psychosocial needs.

Conclusions

Few online stroke resources have been designed and evaluated to support post-stroke psychosocial rehabilitation. Further larger-scale research needs to study the impact of these interventions on psychosocial recovery over time.
Nurse managers’ early intervention in nurses’ professional conduct: A document analysis
Authors: Papinaho Oili , Häggman-Laitila Arja , Kangasniemi Mari
Published: March 2024

Nurses’ professional conduct and work-related well-being are crucial for providing high-quality, safe patient care. Previous knowledge about nurse managers’ early interventions in nurses’ professional conduct is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe how nurse managers intervene in registered nurses’ professional conduct, based on the documents of early intervention and support. A retrospective, cross-sectional document analysis with inductive content analysis was conducted on 43 documents of an early intervention and support program for registered nurses in one Finnish hospital between 2019 and 2021. The manuscript and reporting of the findings were guided by the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist. The concerns about nurses’ work-related well-being and their working initiated the early intervention process. Nurse managers’ early interventions included supportive and strength-based approaches. These involved appreciating the nurses’ own awareness of their ability to work and supported the process, as did a collaboration with occupation health and other support services. More knowledge is needed about the influence of early intervention programs and nurses' and managers' awareness of different methods.
Predictive Models for Canadian Healthcare Workers Mental Health During COVID-19
Authors: Kumari Bhawna , Goyal Nidhi , El Morr Christo
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

COVID-19 impact on the population’s mental health has been reported worldwide. Predicting healthcare workers’ mental health and life stress is needed to proactively plan for future emergencies.

Design:

Statistics Canada has surveyed Canadian healthcare workers and those working in healthcare settings to gauge their perceived mental health and perceived life stress.

Setting:

A cross-sectional survey of healthcare workers in Canada.

Subjects:

A sample of 18,139 healthcare workers respondents.

Analysis:

Eight algorithms, including Logistic Regression, Random Forest (RF), Naive Bayes (NB), K Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Adaptive boost (AdaBoost), Multi-layer perceptron (MLP), XGBoost, and LightBoost. AUC scores, accuracy and precision were measured for all models.

Results:

XGBoost provided the highest performing model AUC score (AUC = 82.07%) for predicting perceived mental health, and Random Forest performed the best for predicting perceived life stress (AUC = 77.74%). Perceived health, age group of participants, and perceived mental health compared to before the pandemic were found to be the most important 3 features to predict perceived mental health and perceived stress. Perceived mental health compared to before the pandemic was the most important predictor for perceived life stress.

Conclusion:

Our models are highly predictive of healthcare workers’ perceived mental health and life stress. Implementing scalable, non-expensive virtual mental health solutions to address mental health challenges in the workplace could mitigate the impact of workplace conditions on healthcare workers’ mental health.
Comparative Evaluation of Penetrability of Various Bioceramic Sealers into the Tubules of Radicular Dentin
Authors: Choudhary Deebah , Gupta Ana , Bharti Nidhi
Published: March 2024

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the penetration depth and persistence of sealer residues in obturated canals with three different bioceramic sealers using confocal microscopy.

Materials and Methods:

In total, 60 single-rooted human premolars were selected and decoronated to maintain the working length of 14 mm. The samples were biomechanically prepared and obturated with Protaper Universal GP coated with three different bioceramic sealers, that is, CeraSeal RC, Bio-C and MTA Fillapex. The specimens were divided into three groups ( n = 20) depending on the sealer used. Rhodamine B fluorescent dye was added to the sealers before using them for obturation. The obturated samples were sealed and placed in 100% humidity at 37oC for 7 days. Gutta-percha was removed from all the samples using retreatment files. Each sample was horizontally sectioned into 2 mm thick slices at 3 mm and 5 mm from the apex, which were analysed under a confocal scanning microscope to detect the depth of penetration of sealer into the dentinal tubules. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests.

Results:

Intergroup comparison of penetration depth at 3 mm showed that the mean depth of penetration among CeraSeal samples was found to be significantly more as compared to the other two materials, while, no statistically significant difference was found among Bio-C and MTA Fillapex with the significance level established at 5% ( P < .05). Similarly, an intergroup comparison of penetration depth at 5 mm showed that the mean depth of penetration among CeraSeal samples was found to be significantly more as compared to the other two materials, while, no statistically significant difference was found among Bio-C and MTA Fillapex. CeraSeal RC sealer showed significantly higher depth of penetration than Bio-C and MTA Fillapex.

Conclusion:

All bioceramic sealers show a significant penetration into the dentinal tubules. However, none of the sealers was completely removed from the tubules following retreatment.
Knee Offloading by Patients During Walking and Running After Meniscectomy
Authors: Starbuck Chelsea , Walters Vanessa , Herrington Lee , Barkatali Bilal , Jones Richard
Published: March 2024

Background:

Changes in knee loading have been reported after meniscectomy. Knee loading has previously been assessed during jogging and treadmill running rather than overground running, which could give altered results.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate knee function during overground running and walking after meniscectomy. It was hypothesized that the affected limb would demonstrate higher external knee adduction moment, lower knee flexion moment (KFM), and lower knee rotation moment (KRM) compared with the contralateral limb and with healthy individuals.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Kinematic and kinetic data were collected during running and walking in individuals after a meniscectomy and healthy individuals. Total knee joint moments (TKJM) were calculated from the sagittal, frontal, and transverse knee moments. Isometric quadriceps strength, perceived knee function, and kinesiophobia were also assessed. A mixed linear model compared differences between the affected leg, the contralateral leg, and the healthy leg.

Results:

Data were collected on 20 healthy individuals and 30 individuals after a meniscectomy (mean ± SD, 5.7 ± 2.9 months postsurgery), with 12, 16, and 2 individuals who had medial, lateral, and both medial and lateral meniscectomy, respectively. The affected limb demonstrated lower TKJM ( P < .001), KFM ( P = .004), and KRM ( P < .001) during late stance of walking compared with the healthy group. Lower TKJM and KFM were observed during running in the affected limb compared with the contralateral limb and healthy group. No significant differences were observed between contralateral and healthy limbs except for KRM during late stance of walking. Lower quadriceps strength was observed in the affected ( P < .001) and contralateral limbs ( P = .001) compared with the healthy group. Individuals after a meniscectomy also reported greater kinesiophobia ( P = .006) and lower perceived knee function (31.1%; P < .001) compared with the healthy group.

Conclusion:

After meniscectomy, individuals who sustained a traumatic meniscal injury showed lower TKJM in the affected limb compared with the contralateral limb and healthy individuals. This decrease in TKJM can be attributed to altered knee-loading strategies in the sagittal and transverse planes.

Clinical Relevance:

Improving movement strategies, quadriceps strength, and kinesiophobia through rehabilitation approaches will allow individuals to load their knee appropriately when returning to sport.

Registration:

NCT03379415 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Biomechanical Comparison of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Between Palmaris Longus Autograft and Knee Medial Collateral Ligament Allograft
Authors: Stone Michael A. , Chao Linda , Huang Dave T. , Parikh Harin B. , Sun Michael , Kulber David A. , Metzger Melodie F.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Medial ulnar collateral ligament (mUCL) injury can cause significant pain and alter throwing mechanics. Common autograft options for mUCL reconstruction (UCLR) include the palmaris longus (PL) and hamstring tendons. Allograft use may reduce donor site morbidity and decrease function related to PL autografts.

Purpose:

To compare varus stability and load to failure between a novel allograft for UCLR—knee medial collateral ligament (kMCL)—and a PL autograft in human donor elbow specimens.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 24 fresh-frozen human elbows were dissected to expose the mUCL. Medial elbow stability was tested with the mUCL intact (native), deficient, and reconstructed utilizing the humeral single-docking technique with either a (1) kMCL allograft (n = 12) or (2) a PL autograft (n = 12). A 3-N·m valgus torque was applied to the elbow, and valgus rotation of the ulna was recorded via motion tracking cameras. The elbow was cycled through a full range of motion 5 times. After kinematic testing, specimens were loaded to failure at 70° of elbow flexion, and failure modes were recorded.

Results:

The mUCL-deficient elbows demonstrated significantly greater valgus rotation compared with the intact and reconstructed elbows at every flexion angle tested (10°-120°) ( P <.001). Both kMCL- and PL-reconstructed elbows exhibited significantly higher mean valgus rotation compared with the intact state between 10° and 40° of flexion ( P < .01). There were no significant differences in valgus rotation at any flexion angle between the kMCL and PL graft groups. When loaded to failure, elbows reconstructed with both kMCL and PL grafts failed at similar torque values (18.6 ± 4 and 18.1 ± 3.4 N·m, respectively; P = .765).

Conclusion:

Fresh-frozen and aseptically processed kMCL allografts demonstrated similar kinematic and failure properties to PL tendon autografts in UCL-reconstructed elbows, although neither graft fully restored kinematics between 10° and 40°.

Clinical Relevance:

Prepared kMCL ligament allografts may provide a viable graft material when reconstructing elbow ligaments while avoiding the potential complications related to PL autografts— including donor site morbidity.
The Impact of Company Field Trips and Representative Image on Students’ CSR Knowledge Sharing Intentions
Authors: Phan The Anh , Ninh Tran-Thuy-Duong
Published: March 2024

This study examines the effect of company field trips on Vietnamese university students’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) awareness and their intentions to share CSR-related content. Utilizing pre- and postvisit surveys among 136 students, the research reveals that these trips significantly enhance students’ understanding of CSR, particularly its ethical dimensions, and encourage them to share CSR information through social media and word-of-mouth. The research also finds that the perceived image of the company representative plays a critical role in shaping students’ intentions to disseminate CSR information, with complex interactions affecting their overall CSR perceptions. These findings underscore the importance of field trips in CSR education and suggest that both companies and educational institutions should focus on ethical and legal aspects of CSR communication to maximize its impact.
Health Provider Experiences in Supporting Social Connectedness Between Families and Older Adults Living in Long-Term Care Homes
Authors: Garnett Anna , Pollock Hannah , Prentice Kristin , Floriancic Natalie , Donelle Lorie , Hand Carri , Oudshoorn Abe , Babenko-Mould Yolanda , Forchuk Cheryl
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Many people, often older adults, living in long-term care homes (OA-LTCH) became socially isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic due to variable restrictions on in-person visits and challenges associated with using technology for social connectivity. Health providers were key to supporting these OA by providing additional care and facilitating their connections with family using technology such as smartphones and iPads. It is important to learn from these experiences to move forwards from the COVID-19 pandemic with evidence-informed strategies that will better position health providers to foster social engagement for OA-LTCH across a range of contextual situations.

Objective

This exploratory qualitative description study sought to explore health provider experiences in supporting social connectedness between family members and OA-LTCH within the COVID-19 context.

Methods

Qualitative, in-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 health providers.

Results

Using inductive qualitative content analysis study findings were represented by the following themes: (a) changes in provider roles and responsibilities while challenging for health providers did not impact their commitment to supporting OA-LTCH social and emotional health, (b) a predominant focus on OA-LTCH physical well-being with resultant neglect for emotional well-being resulted in collective trauma, and (c) health providers faced multiple challenges in using technology to support social connectivity.

Conclusion

Study findings suggest the need for increased funding for LTC to support activities and initiatives that promote the well-being of health providers and OA living in LTC, the need to prioritize social well-being during outbreak contexts, and more formalized approaches to guide the appropriate use of technology within LTC.
Minimally Invasive Chevron Akin Osteotomy: Preoperative Planning Using the Radiographic First-Ray Squeeze Test
Authors: Nunes Gustavo Araujo , Ferreira Gabriel Ferraz , Pereira Filho Miguel Viana , Carvalho Kepler Alencar Mendes de , Lewis Thomas Lorchan , Castellini Jorge , Ray Robbie , Vernois Joel
Published: March 2024

Background:

Recognizing preoperative first-ray hypermobility is important to planning hallux valgus (HV) surgery. A recent study showed the minimally invasive chevron Akin (MICA) osteotomy increased varus displacement of the proximal fragment of the first metatarsal osteotomy. The present study aims to evaluate the ability of the radiographic first-ray squeeze test to predict the varus displacement of the proximal fragment of the first metatarsal osteotomy when performing the MICA procedure.

Methods:

A prospective case series of patients with moderate to severe HV who underwent MICA was performed. The HV deformity correction was analyzed by comparing the preoperative and 12-week postoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA) and the intermetatarsal angle between the first and second rays (1-2 IMA). The ability of the radiographic first-ray squeeze test to predict the varus displacement of the first metatarsal was done by comparing the preoperative 1-2 IMA measured in the AP radiographic first-ray squeeze test (IMA-ST) with the intermetatarsal angle between the second metatarsal and the axis of the first metatarsal osteotomy proximal fragment (IAPF) taken 12 weeks postoperatively.

Results:

Between July 2022 and May 2023, a total of 39 feet in 28 patients underwent MICA. The mean IMA improved from 13.8 (SD = 2.2) to 3.8 degrees (SD = 1.5) ( P < .001), and the mean HVA improved from 27.8 (SD = 6.1) to 4.9 degrees (SD = 2.5) ( P < .001). A linear regression analysis revealed that IMA-ST is highly associated with the 12 week assessed IAPF ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The preoperative radiographic first-ray squeeze test appears to predict with high fidelity the varus displacement of the proximal fragment of the first metatarsal that can occur after the MICA procedure. Level of Evidence: Level III, prospective cohort study.