bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catch me if you can: how episodic and thematic multimodal news frames shape policy support by stimulating visual attention and responsibility attributions
Authors: Geise Stephanie , Maubach Katharina
Published: May 2024

Using media coverage of animal welfare as an example, this study examines how the perception of multimodal news frames shapes recipients’ visual attention, attributions of responsibility, emotions, and policy support. To investigate the mechanisms of multimodal-episodic versus thematic framing, we combined eye-tracking measurements with a pre-post survey experiment in which 143 participants were randomly assigned to an episodic or a thematic multimodal framing condition. The results show that episodic multimodal frames are viewed longer than thematic frames, elicit stronger individual and political responsibility attributions, and increase political support for stricter animal-welfare laws. Understanding multimodal framing as a multistep process, a serial mediation model reveals that episodic frames affect viewing time, which leads to stronger attributions of political responsibility and, in turn, stronger policy support. Our results support the idea of a complex interplay between subsequent stages of information perception and processing within a multimodal framing process.
Characterization of the evolution of thermal maturity and pore structure of continental organic-rich shales
Authors: Li Yanju , Wu Yuandong , Zhao Ruirui , Jiang Shengling , Du Xuanhong
Published: May 2024

To clarify the evolution of thermal maturity and pore structure in continental organic-rich shales, calcareous shales of the Liaohe Basin (China) were pyrolyzed, and examined using Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen sorption isotherms, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The increase in Raman G‒D band separation and decrease in Raman ID/IG ratio with increasing thermal maturity indicate that these parameters provide superior thermal maturity indicators. This is also confirmed by the good linear correlation of G‒D band shifts and ID/IG with vitrinite reflectance (VR) and maximum temperature (Tmax), respectively. The relative detection accuracy (DA), sampling requirements (SR), sample preparation (SP), detection time (DT), and equipment requirement (ER) of VR, G‒D band shifts, ID/IG, Tmax, FTIR, and XPS indicate that Raman analysis is a simple, quick, and robust method to evaluate thermal maturity. The moderate SR, complex SP, and long DT suggest that VR and Tmax are less widely applicable for characterizing thermal maturity. The FTIR and XPS techniques provide semi-quantitative maturity indicators with poor DA and high ER. Pores observed within organic matter and minerals under SEM indicate that an increase in thermal maturity not only affects the development of organic pores but is also beneficial for the formation of mineral dissolution pores, such as those formed during the transformation of Na0.95Ca0.16Al1.16Si2.84O8 to Na0.84Ca0.02Al1.02Si2.98O8, a process confirmed by XRD. The BET and NMR data also indicate that the development of pore structure is closely related to the evolution of thermal maturity in calcareous shale. During the initial stage, primary pores are filled by bitumen generated from kerogen; this leads to a decrease in transition pores, mesopores, and shale porosity, and reduced pore connectivity. Then, secondary nanoscale pores, transition pores, and mesopores increase with increasing thermal maturity. The peak in secondary porosity is consistent with the liquid hydrocarbon production rate peak, a process that increases shale porosity and leads to improved pore connectivity. The dissolution of minerals induced by organic acids may also contribute to this secondary porosity. With a further increase in thermal maturity, secondary porosity at the microscale is further developed, while transition pores and mesopores collapse, resulting in reduced pore connectivity. The poor pore connectivity that occurs at both low and high VR values may be more conducive to the preservation of shale oil and gas. This study is significant for research into the evolution of thermal maturity and pore structure in continental organic-rich shales.
Organokines and liver enzymes in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome during randomized treatments
Authors: Garcia-Beltran Cristina , Peyrou Marion , Navarro-Gascon Artur , López-Bermejo Abel , de Zegher Francis , Villarroya Francesc , Ibáñez Lourdes
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). MAFLD has been associated with altered hepatic function, systemic dysmetabolism, and abnormal circulating levels of signaling molecules called organokines. Here, we assessed the effects of two randomized treatments on a set of organokines in adolescent girls with PCOS and without obesity, and report the associations with circulating biomarkers of liver damage, which were assessed longitudinally in the aforementioned studies as safety markers.

Materials and methods

Liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] were assessed as safety markers in previous randomized pilot studies comparing the effects of an oral contraceptive (OC) with those of a low-dose combination of spironolactone-pioglitazone-metformin (spiomet) for 1 year. As a post hoc endpoint, the organokines fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), diazepam-binding protein-1 (DBI), and meteorin-like protein (METRNL) were assessed by ELISA after 6 months of OC (N = 26) or spiomet (N = 28). Auxological, endocrine-metabolic, body composition (using DXA), and abdominal fat partitioning (using MRI) were also evaluated. Healthy, age-matched adolescent girls (N = 17) served as controls.

Results

Circulating ALT and GGT levels increased during OC treatment and returned to baseline concentrations in the post-treatment phase; in contrast, spiomet treatment elicited no detectable changes in ALT and GGT concentrations. In relation to organokines after 6 months of treatment, (1) FGF21 levels were significantly higher in PCOS adolescents than in control girls; (2) DBI levels were lower in OC-treated girls than in controls and spiomet-treated girls; and (3) no differences were observed in METRNL concentrations between PCOS girls and controls. Serum ALT and GGT levels were directly correlated with circulating METRNL levels only in OC-treated girls (R = 0.449, P = 0.036 and R = 0.552, P = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion

The on-treatment increase in ALT and GGT levels occurring only in OC-treated girls is associated with circulating METRNL levels, suggesting enhanced METRNL synthesis as a reaction to the hepatic changes elicited by OC treatment.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://doi.org, identifiers 10.1186/ISRCTN29234515, 10.1186/ISRCTN11062950.
Type 1 diabetes impairs the activity of rat testicular somatic and germ cells through NRF2/NLRP3 pathway-mediated oxidative stress
Authors: Venditti Massimo , Romano Maria Zelinda , Boccella Serena , Haddadi Asma , Biasi Alessandra , Maione Sabatino , Minucci Sergio
Published: May 2024

Background

It is well known that metabolic disorders, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), are often associated with reduced male fertility, mainly increasing oxidative stress and impairing the hypothalamus–pituitary–testis (HPT) axis, with consequently altered spermatogenesis and reduced sperm parameters. Herein, using a rat model of T1D obtained by treatment with streptozotocin (STZ), we analyzed several parameters of testicular activity.

Methods

A total of 10 adult male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of five: control and T1D, obtained with a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. After 3 months, the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed; one testis was stored at -80°C for biochemical analysis, and the other was fixed for histological and immunofluorescence analysis.

Results

The data confirmed that T1D induced oxidative stress and, consequently, alterations in both testicular somatic and germ cells. This aspect was highlighted by enhanced apoptosis, altered steroidogenesis and Leydig cell maturity, and impaired spermatogenesis. In addition, the blood–testis barrier integrity was compromised, as shown by the reduced levels of structural proteins (N-cadherin, ZO-1, occludin, connexin 43, and VANGL2) and the phosphorylation status of regulative kinases (Src and FAK). Mechanistically, the dysregulation of the SIRT1/NRF2/MAPKs signaling pathways was proven, particularly the reduced nuclear translocation of NRF2, affecting its ability to induce the transcription of genes encoding for antioxidant enzymes. Finally, the stimulation of testicular inflammation and pyroptosis was also confirmed, as highlighted by the increased levels of some markers, such as NF-κB and NLRP3.

Conclusion

The combined data allowed us to confirm that T1D has detrimental effects on rat testicular activity. Moreover, a better comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying the association between metabolic disorders and male fertility could help to identify novel targets to prevent and treat fertility disorders related to T1D.
Comparative study for the performance of pure artificial intelligence software sensor and self-organizing map assisted software sensor in predicting 5-day biochemical oxygen demand for Kauma Sewage Treatment Plant effluent in Malawi
Authors: Mng’ombe M. H. , Mtonga E. W. , Chunga B. A. , Chidya R. C. G. , Malota M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Modeling plays a crucial role in understanding wastewater treatment processes, yet conventional deterministic models face challenges due to complexity and uncertainty. Artificial intelligence offers an alternative, requiring no prior system knowledge. This study tested the reliability of the Adaptive Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), an artificial intelligence algorithm that integrates both neural networks and fuzzy logic principles, to predict effluent Biochemical Oxygen Demand. An important indicator of organic pollution in wastewater.

Materials and Methods: The ANFIS models were developed and validated with historical wastewater quality data for the Kauma Sewage Treatment Plant located in Lilongwe City, Malawi. A Self Organizing Map (SOM) was applied to extract features of the raw data to enhance the performance of ANFIS. Cost-effective, quicker, and easier-to-measure variables were selected as possible predictors while using their respective correlations with effluent. Influents’ temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and effluent chemical oxygen demand were among the model predictors.

Results and Discussions: The comparative results demonstrated that for the same model structure, the ANFIS model achieved correlation coefficients (R) of 0.92, 0.90, and 0.81 during training, testing, and validation respectively, whereas the SOM-assisted ANFIS Model achieved R Values of 0.99, 0.87 and 0.94. Overall, despite the slight decrease in R-value during the testing stage, the SOM- assisted ANFIS model outperformed the traditional ANFIS model in terms of predictive capability. A graphic user interface was developed to improve user interaction and friendliness of the developed model. Integration of the developed model with supervisory control and data acquisition system is recommended. The study also recommends widening the application of the developed model, by retraining it with data from other wastewater treatment facilities and rivers in Malawi.
Toward better governance of the marine environment: an examination of the revision of China’s marine environmental protection law in 2023
Authors: Huang Lansong , Zhou Rui , Wang Quansheng
Published: May 2024

The marine economy has become an increasingly important contributor to the global economy due to advancements in science and technology and humans’ growing ability to manipulate nature. As a country with a vast marine territory, China has the important responsibility of utilizing marine resources rationally and promoting sustainable development of the marine economy. Since the introduction of the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (MEPL) in 1982, China has made significant progress in strengthening the legal framework for marine environmental protection. MEPL has undergone several revisions to improve its legal content under the guidance of national policies. On October 24, 2023, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress revised and adopted MEPL again. This paper analyzes the changes in the contents of the new law and the legal background at home and abroad while integrating the domestic and international legal backgrounds. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the changes made in the new law, summarizes the revision ideas, and examines the new law in the context of domestic and international laws. The aim is to provide a clear understanding of the spirit and purpose of the legislation.
Multimodal imaging findings of primary liver clear cell carcinoma: a case presentation
Authors: Hu Xianwen , Li Xiaotian , Zhao Wei , Cai Jiong , Wang Pan
Published: May 2024

Primary clear cell carcinoma of liver (PCCCL) is a special and relatively rare subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is more common in people over 50 years of age, with a preference for men and a history of hepatitis B or C and/or cirrhosis. Herein, we present a case of a 60-year-old woman who came to our hospital for medical help with right upper abdominal pain. The imaging examination showed a low-density mass in the right lobe of his liver. In contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) or T1-weighted imaging, significant enhancement can appear around the tumor during the arterial phase, and over time, the degree of enhancement of the tumor gradually decreases. The lession showed obviously increased fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography/CT. These imaging findings contribute to the diagnosis of PCCCL and differentiate it from other types of liver tumors.
Emodin inhibits respiratory syncytial virus entry by interactions with fusion protein
Authors: Xiong Yingcai , Tan Guangxing , Tao Keyu , Zhou Yinghui , Li Jun , Ou Weiying , Shen Cunsi , Xie Tong , Zhang Chao , Hou Yayi , Ji Jianjian
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) protein is essential for facilitating virus entry into host cells, providing a hopeful path for combating viral diseases. However, F protein inhibitors can rapidly select for viral resistance. Thus, discovering new inhibitors of F-protein is necessary to enrich the RSV drug development pipeline.

Methods

In this study, we screen 25 bioactive compounds from Chinese herbal medicines that exhibit a strong binding to the RSV-F protein using surface plasmon resonance.

Results

After screening, we found emodin could strongly bind to RSV-F protein, and could effectively curb RSV infection. Further investigations certificated that emodin specifically disrupts the attachment and internalization phases of RSV infection by targeting the RSV-F protein. In vivo studies with mice infected with RSV demonstrated that emodin effectively reduces lung pathology. This therapeutic effect is attributed to emodin’s capacity to diminish pro-inflammatory cytokine production and reduce viral load in the lungs.

Discussion

In conclusion, our findings provide initial insights into the mechanism by which emodin counters RSV infection via engagement with the RSV-F protein, establishing it as a viable contender for the development of novel therapeutic agents aimed at RSV.
Human resilience depends on distinctively human brain circuitry and development
Authors: Reimers Mark
Published: May 2024

Most studies of psychological resilience in the past century have focused on either biological or social psychological correlates of resilience or depression. This article argues that the two approaches need to be integrated because of uniquely human processes of cortical development during early childhood. The article concludes with some suggestions for integrative research agendas.
PINK1 knockout rats show premotor cognitive deficits measured through a complex maze
Authors: Soto Isabel , Nejtek Vicki A. , Siderovski David P. , Salvatore Michael F.
Published: May 2024

Cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a critical premotor sign that may occur in approximately 40% of PD patients up to 10 years prior to clinical recognition and diagnosis. Delineating the mechanisms and specific behavioral signs of cognitive decline associated with PD prior to motor impairment is a critical unmet need. Rodent PD models that have an impairment in a cognitive phenotype for a time period sufficiently long enough prior to motor decline can be useful to establish viable candidate mechanisms. Arguably, the methods used to evaluate cognitive decline in rodent models should emulate methods used in the assessment of humans to optimize translation. Premotor cognitive decline in human PD can potentially be examined in the genetically altered PINK1−/− rat model, which exhibits a protracted onset of motor decline in most studies. To increase translation to cognitive assessment in human PD, we used a modified non-water multiple T-maze, which assesses attention, cognitive flexibility, and working memory similarly to the Trail Making Test (TMT) in humans. Similar to the deficiencies revealed in TMT test outcomes in human PD, 4-month-old PINK1−/− rats made more errors and took longer to complete the maze, despite a hyperkinetic phenotype, compared to wild-type rats. Thus, we have identified a potential methodological tool with cross-species translation to evaluate executive functioning in an established PD rat model.
The effect of early oral postoperative feeding on the recovery of intestinal motility after gastrointestinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Canzan Federica , Longhini Jessica , Caliaro Arianna , Cavada Maria Luisa , Mezzalira Elisabetta , Paiella Salvatore , Ambrosi Elisa
Published: May 2024

Background and aims

Postoperative ileus is a frequent condition, leading to complications and a longer hospital stay. Few studies have demonstrated the benefit of early oral feeding in preventing ileus after gastrointestinal surgery. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of early versus delayed oral feeding on the recovery of intestinal motility, length of hospital stay, and complications.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials, searching PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the ClincalTrials.gov until 31 December 2022. We evaluated the first passage of the stool, the first flatus, complications, length of postoperative stay, and vomiting. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (version 2) for randomized trials and the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology.

Results

We included 34 studies with a median sample size of 102 participants. With a moderate certainty of the evidence, the early oral feeding may reduce the time taken for the first passage of the stool (MD −0.99 days; CI 95% −1.25, −0.72), the first flatus (MD −0.70 days; CI 95% -0.87, −0.53), and the risk of complications (RR 0.69; CI 95% 0.59–0.80), while with a low certainty of evidence, it may reduce the length of stay (MD −1.31 days; CI 95% −1.59, −1.03). However, early feeding likely does not affect the risk of vomiting (RR 0.90; CI 95% 0.68, 1.18).

Conclusion

This review suggests that early oral feeding after gastrointestinal surgery may lead to a faster intestinal recovery, shorter postoperative stays, and fewer complications. However, careful interpretation is needed due to high heterogeneity and the moderate-to-low quality of evidence. Future studies should focus on the type and starting time of early oral feeding.
Analysis of dietary fats intake and lipid profile in Chilean patients with glucose transport type 1 deficiency syndrome: similarities and differences with the reviewed literature
Authors: Salazar María Florencia , Leal-Witt María Jesús , Parga Valentina , Arias Carolina , Cornejo Verónica
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS) is a neurological disorder caused by mutations in the SLC2A1 gene. The main treatment is ketogenic diet therapy (KDT), which changes the brain’s energy substrate from glucose to ketone bodies. The diet controls seizures, but there may be side effects such as dyslipidemia. This study aimed to describe the type of fats ingested by the Chilean cohort of patients with GLUT1-DS and analyze for alterations in the lipid profile.

Methods

A GLUT1-DS group and a control group were formed, each with 13 subjects who were matched by age, gender, and nutritional status. Anthropometry, dietary intake, including types of fat, and blood tests were evaluated (lipid and liver profile, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels).

Results

A high-fat diet, especially saturated fat, was identified in the GLUT1-DS group (38% of total calories), with the use of medium-chain triglycerides (17% of total calories). In addition, GLUT1-DS participants had a higher intake of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fats and adequate consumption of omega-3 (2% of total calories). Despite the GLUT1-DS group receiving on average 80% of its total energy as fats, it is important to highlight that 50% are MUFA+PUFA fats, there were no significant differences in the lipid and liver profile compared to the control group.

Conclusion

KDT did not negatively impact lipid profile, despite a high intake of fats. It is important to monitor lipid profiles, in a personalized and constant manner, to prevent future nutritional risks.
An overview of prognostic markers in patients with CLL
Authors: Braish Julie , Cerchione Claudio , Ferrajoli Alessandra
Published: May 2024

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. It is the most prevalent type of leukemia in the western countries, with a median age at diagnosis of 70 years. In 2023, it is estimated that there will be 18,740 new cases of CLL, and an estimated 4,490 people will die of this disease. It represents 1.0% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. The rate of new cases was 4.6 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2016–2020 cases, age-adjusted. Death rates from CLL are higher among older adults, or those 75 and older. The death rate was 1.1 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2016–2020 deaths, age-adjusted. A common question that patients with CLL ask during their first clinic visit is: “How long will it be before I would need treatment?” Although this might seem like a simple question, the answer is not straight forward. CLL is a heterogenous disease, with a variable clinical course. Some patients may present with an aggressive disease requiring early initiation of treatment, while others have an indolent course and some, having so called smoldering CLL, may never need treatment. The variability in disease course can make predicting disease prognosis a complicated process. This brings forth the importance of establishing prognostic models that can predict disease course, time to treatment, and survival outcomes in such a heterogenous disease. The Rai and Binet staging systems were developed in the late 1970s to early 1980s. They separated patients into different stages based on clinical characteristics and laboratory findings. These simple staging systems are still in use; however, several prognostic markers need to be added for an individualized assessment and, with the recent development of genomic techniques leading to better understanding of CLL at the molecular level, newer prognostic markers have emerged.
Case Report: Nonverbal approaches in the treatment of a patient with fibromyalgia with anger rooted in adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Adachi Yuri , Hosoi Masako , Nishihara Tomoe , Hirabayashi Naoki , Sawa Takako , Matsushita Tomoko , Tatsushima Keita , Anno Kozo , Tomioka Mitsunao , Sudo Nobuyuki
Published: May 2024

Introduction

In psychotherapy, it is important to establish and deepen a therapeutic trusting relationship, but patients who have experienced extreme adversity in childhood tend to have difficulty in building such a relationship. This paper reports a case of fibromyalgia with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in which a nonverbal approach was successful in building a trusting relationship.

Case and methods

The patient is a woman in her late 40s. She had strong anger rooted in ACEs, including neglect by her father, a feeling of unfair parenting by her mother compared to her younger brother, overcontrol of her life by her mother, and sexual abuse by her uncle. She was filled with strong interpersonal distrust and anger, and the experience of an unsuccessful surgery compounded her distrust of medical care. The therapist initially had severe difficulty in verbal interaction with the patient. When conducting “drawing” therapy, she ignored the therapist's comments and completely blacked out the drawing paper. However, the patient-therapist relationship gradually changed, and verbal interaction became possible through the use of nonverbal approaches such as framing her drawing paper and “Towel Baby Holding.”

Results

The therapist was able to understand the patient's emotions through these nonverbal approaches and to communicate with the patient that she understood her feelings. This approach was also successful in the patient’s understanding of her own pathology. The patient became able to honestly express her feelings in words, which eventually enabled her to be introduced to mindfulness therapy, leading to a favorable treatment course.

Conclusion

For patients with ACEs, a nonverbal approach helps build a therapeutic relationship and plays an important role in understanding the patient.
Cloning a novel reduced-height (Rht) gene TaOSCA1.4 from a QTL in wheat
Authors: Lv Guangde , Jin Xuemei , Wang Hui , Wang Yijun , Wu Qun , Wu Haimeng , Jiang Fangshan , Ma Yanming , An Yanrong , Zhang Mingxia , Guo Ying , Li Sishen
Published: May 2024

Reducing plant height (PH) is one of the core contents of the “Green Revolution”, which began in the 1960s in wheat. A number of 27 reduced-height (Rht) genes have been identified and a great number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for PH have been mapped on all 21 chromosomes. Nonetheless, only several genes regulated PH have been cloned. In this study, we found the interval of QTL QPh-1B included an EST-SSR marker swes1079. According to the sequence of swes1079, we cloned the TaOSCA1.4 gene. We developed a CAPS marker to analyze the variation across a natural population. The result showed that the PH was significantly different between the two haplotypes of TaOSCA1.4–1B under most of the 12 environments and the average values of irrigation and rainfed conditions. This result further demonstrated that TaOSCA1.4 was associated with PH. Then, we validated the TaOSCA1.4 via RNAi technology. The average PHs of the wild-type (WT), RNAi lines 1 (Ri-1) and 2 (Ri-2) were 94.6, 83.6 and 79.2 cm, respectively, with significant differences between the WT and Ri-1 and Ri-2. This result indicated that the TaOSCA1.4 gene controls PH. TaOSCA1.4 is a constitutively expressed gene and its protein localizes to the cell membrane. TaOSCA1.4 gene is a member of the OSCA gene family, which regulates intracellular Ca2+ concentration. We hypothesized that knock down mutants of TaOSCA1.4 gene reduced regulatory ability of Ca2+, thus reducing the PH. Furthermore, the cell lengths of the knock down mutants are not significantly different than that of WT. We speculate that TaOSCA1.4 gene is not directly associated with gibberellin (GA), which should be a novel mechanism for a wheat Rht gene.
Apoplastomes of contrasting cacao genotypes to witches’ broom disease reveals differential accumulation of PR proteins
Authors: De Oliveira Ivina Barbosa , Alves Saline dos Santos , Ferreira Monaliza Macêdo , Santos Ariana Silva , Farias Keilane Silva , Assis Elza Thaynara Cardoso de Menezes , Mora-Ocampo Irma Yuliana , Muñoz Jonathan Javier Mucherino , Costa Eduardo Almeida , Gramacho Karina Peres , Pirovani Carlos Priminho
Published: May 2024

Witches’ broom disease (WBD) affects cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L.) and is caused by the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa that grows in the apoplast in its biotrophic phase and later progresses into the tissues, causing serious losses in the production of cocoa beans. Therefore, the apoplast of T. cacao can provide important defense responses during the interaction with M. perniciosa. In this work, the protein profile of the apoplast of the T. cacao genotypes Catongo, susceptible to WBD, and CCN-51, resistant one, was evaluated. The leaves of T. cacao were collected from asymptomatic plants grown in a greenhouse (GH) and from green witches’ brooms grown under field (FD) conditions for extraction of apoplastic washing fluid (AWF). AWF was used in proteomic and enzymatic analysis. A total of 14 proteins were identified in Catongo GH and six in Catongo FD, with two proteins being common, one up-accumulated, and one down-accumulated. In CCN-51, 19 proteins were identified in the GH condition and 13 in FD, with seven proteins being common, one up-accumulated, and six down-accumulated. Most proteins are related to defense and stress in both genotypes, with emphasis on pathogenesis-related proteins (PR): PR-2 (β-1,3-glucanases), PR-3 and PR-4 (chitinases), PR-5 (thaumatine), PR-9 (peroxidases), and PR-14 (lipid transfer proteins). Furthermore, proteins from microorganisms were detected in the AWF. The enzymatic activities of PR-3 showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in Catongo GH and PR-2 activity (p < 0.01) in CCN-51 FD. The protein profile of the T. cacao apoplastome offers insight into the defense dynamics that occur in the interaction with the fungus M. perniciosa and offers new insights in exploring future WBD control strategies.
The impact of flipped classroom on English proficiency of first-year Chinese urban and rural pre-service teachers
Authors: Chen Wei
Published: May 2024

Introduction

In recent years, China has made strides in adopting student-oriented teaching approaches, particularly in tertiary English education, through the integration of enhanced technology. This study aimed to investigate the impact of flipped classroom on the English proficiency of first-year pre-service teachers at a Chinese normal university. It also sought to determine whether educational background (urban or rural) interacted with the teaching approach (flipped or traditional) in affecting the language proficiency of the learners.

Methods

A quasi-experimental design was utilized with two treatments: a flipped classroom approach and a traditional teacher-centered teaching approach. Both approaches were implemented in the Integrated English Course over a 12-week semester. Two randomly selected classes, consisting of 60 pre-service teachers in each class, were assigned to either the experimental or control group. Data were collected from pretest and post-test assessments and analyzed using two-way ANOVA.

Results

The results revealed a positive impact of the flipped classroom and a significant interaction between educational background and teaching approach on English proficiency. Specifically, urban pre-service teachers achieved higher English proficiency than their rural peers when taught in the flipped classroom, but not in the traditional classroom. Furthermore, urban pre-service teachers in the flipped classroom outperformed their urban peers in the traditional classroom, while rural pre-service teachers did not show any significant difference in their performance between the two classes.

Discussion

The findings suggested that the flipped classroom approach was more effective than the traditional approach for Chinese pre-service teachers, particularly those with an urban educational background. However, it is important to ensure that rural learners receive sufficient support to benefit equally from this innovative teaching approach. Accordingly, implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
The use of technology-assisted intervention in vocabulary learning for children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review
Authors: Urrea Ana Lucia , Fernández-Torres Vanessa , Rodriguez-Ortiz Isabel R. , Saldaña David
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Children with autism spectrum disorder may show delays in vocabulary development. Technology-based interventions could facilitate the teaching of different vocabulary skills; however, it is still not clear whether technology represents an added value.

Methods

The current review preregistered in PROSPERO evaluates the efficacy of technology-based interventions in vocabulary learning for children with autism spectrum disorder. We selected articles published in the period 2006–2022 from five databases.

Results

The results identified two group studies, one within subject design, nine single-case studies and one randomized controlled design in participants aged 0–16 years who had used technological devices to learn vocabulary. Overall, five of the 13 studies showed positive results of using technology-assisted intervention, six described mixed results, one described negative result, and one described no differences in technology-assisted intervention. The studies are divided into the categories of efficacy of technology and comparison between technology and non-technology.

Discussion

In summary, technology, such as tablets and computers, might be useful tools to improve vocabulary skills in certain children with ASD. However, the various degrees of impact found in the studies we reviewed indicate that personalized assessments, acknowledgment of previous experiences, and awareness of the context of usage are essential. The contrast with nontechnological approaches highlights the necessity for more detailed studies to pinpoint the precise conditions under which technology-based interventions can offer the most advantages.

Systematic review registration

[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [CRD42021238758].
‘Practice what you preach’. Perspectives on the involvement of people with dementia and carers in community-based dementia friendly initiatives, a qualitative study
Authors: Thijssen Marjolein , Dauwerse Linda , Lemmers Frans , Sanden Maria Nijhuis-van der , Daniels Ramon , Graff Maud , Kuijer-Siebelink Wietske
Published: May 2024

Introduction

People with dementia and their carers experience social stigma and often refrain from social participation. Significant improvement might be achieved by creating Dementia Friendly communities (DFCs) for which dementia friendly initiatives (DFIs) are needed. DFIs are developed by a variation of stakeholders. However, people with dementia and their carers are often unrepresented herein. This study aims to get insight into the perspectives of stakeholders (e.g., health- and social care professionals, volunteers, people with dementia and their carers) about the involvement of people with dementia and their carers during the development and sustainment of DFIs.

Methods

Descriptive qualitative study, using a co-research design with a carer as co-researcher. Nineteen semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, including people with dementia and their carers, were performed. Inductive content analysis took place using Atlas Ti.

Results

Four themes were found: 1) the involvement of people with dementia and their carers is important for both people with dementia and their carers and other stakeholders; 2) personal character traits, life histories, and associated emotions evoke the need for involvement; 3) involvement requires an open, responsive stance and building relationships; and 4) the estimation of one’s own and others’ capacities influences perspectives on involvement. As such, practice what you preach means actively adopting an open, responsive approach and acknowledging the unique abilities and backgrounds of people with dementia and their carers. It emphasizes the importance of actually living by the values you advocate for.

Conclusion

Central to perspectives on involving people with dementia and their carers is the emphasis on working relationally, differing from service-led and pre-structured patient and public involvement (PPI). Working relationally calls for organizational shifts aligned with a rights-based perspective to avoid tokenism, and promotion of user-led organizations with genuine partnerships. Creative methods, problem-solving, and communication skills are essential for the development and sustainment of inclusive, supportive, person-centered DFIs. Future studies should explore the long-term impact of the involvement and working relationally on the well-being of people with dementia and their carers.
U.S. food policy to address diet-related chronic disease
Authors: Matthews Emily D. , Kurnat-Thoma Emma L.
Published: May 2024

Poor diet is the leading cause of mortality in the U.S. due to the direct relationship with diet-related chronic diseases, disproportionally affects underserved communities, and exacerbates health disparities. Evidence-based policy solutions are greatly needed to foster an equitable and climate-smart food system that improves health, nutrition and reduces chronic disease healthcare costs. To directly address epidemic levels of U.S. diet-related chronic diseases and nutritional health disparities, we conducted a policy analysis, prioritized policy options and implementation strategies, and issued final recommendations for bipartisan consideration in the 2023–24 Farm Bill Reauthorization. Actional recommendations include: sugar-sweetened beverage taxation, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) fruit and vegetable subsidy expansion, replacement of ultra-processed foods (UPF) with sustainable, diverse, climate-smart agriculture and food purchasing options, and implementing “food is medicine.”
Examining the complex relationship between Urbanization and ecological environment in ecologically fragile areas: a case study in Southwest China
Authors: Liu Lei , Guo Yimeng , Li Yuchao , Zhang Lanyue
Published: May 2024

The sustainable development of ecologically fragile areas and the implementation of regional coordinated development strategies cannot be separated from the coordinated development and common progress of urbanization and the ecological environment, and this is particularly the case in Southwest China. This study examines the interplay between urbanization and the ecological environment across 26 cities in Southwest China from 2009 to 2019, utilizing 30 statistical indicators to analyze their coupling coordination relationship and its spatiotemporal evolution. The Entropy TOPSIS method, the coupling coordination degree model, and the obstacle factors model were used to calculate the subsystem score, coupling coordination degree, and obstacle factors, respectively. Our findings reveal an upward trajectory in urbanization scores across the 26 cities, juxtaposed with a fluctuating downward trend in ecological environment scores. The coupling coordination degree of urbanization and ecological environment in most cities maintained a rapid upward trend and showed spatial distribution characteristics of “strong core, weak middle, and edge.” Moreover, our analysis identified public transport facilities, aggregate purchasing power, and cultural supply service services as primary obstacle factors impeding the development of coupling coordination degrees. These research results offer valuable insights for informing future endeavors in achieving high-quality development and fostering ecological civilization.
Quantitative evaluation of the medicine innovation policy in China: based on the PMC-Index model
Authors: Guo Dan , Qi Liwen , Song Xiaoting
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Medicine innovation is crucial in promoting the sustainable development of medicine undertakings, which has significant economic and social benefits. China is the main force in global medicine consumption, with a huge demand for innovative medicines. Thus, the Chinese government releases a series of policies aimed at providing scientific and reasonable guidance for medicine innovation. However, there is inadequate quantitative evaluation and comparison of various medicine innovation policies in the existing studies.

Methods

This paper adopts the approach of text mining and the Policy Modeling Consistency Index (PMC-Index) model to construct an evaluation system and then quantitatively evaluates and compares the traditional Chinese medicine innovation policies (TCMIPs), the biological medicine innovation policies (BMIPs), and the multiple medicine innovation policies (MMIPs) in China.

Results

The results indicate that: (1) The three types of drug innovation policies have similarities in content and goal through comparative analysis of high-frequency words, while they also have their own characteristics. (2) The average PMC-Index of 29 TCMIPs is 5.77, which has the highest policy bad rate (21%); the average PMC-Index of 12 BMIPs is 6.21, which has the highest policy good rate (92%); moreover, the average PMC-Index of 35 MMIPs is 6.06, which has the highest policy excellence rate (26%). (3) The BMIPs, MMIPs, and TCMIPs have similar scores on policy object, policy orientation, policy timeliness, policy evaluation, and policy accessibility, while they differ significantly mainly on policy nature, incentive method, policy function, policy issuing agency, and policy instrument.

Discussion

This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of medicine innovation policies in China, in order to provide theoretical support for future policy formulation and optimization in the medicine industry. Moreover, we expand the application scenarios of policy diffusion theory.
CEPB dataset: a photorealistic dataset to foster the research on bin picking in cluttered environments
Authors: Tripicchio Paolo , D’Avella Salvatore , Avizzano Carlo Alberto
Published: May 2024

Several datasets have been proposed in the literature, focusing on object detection and pose estimation. The majority of them are interested in recognizing isolated objects or the pose of objects in well-organized scenarios. This work introduces a novel dataset that aims to stress vision algorithms in the difficult task of object detection and pose estimation in highly cluttered scenes concerning the specific case of bin picking for the Cluttered Environment Picking Benchmark (CEPB). The dataset provides about 1.5M virtually generated photo-realistic images (RGB + depth + normals + segmentation) of 50K annotated cluttered scenes mixing rigid, soft, and deformable objects of varying sizes used in existing robotic picking benchmarks together with their 3D models (40 objects). Such images include three different camera positions, three light conditions, and multiple High Dynamic Range Imaging (HDRI) maps for domain randomization purposes. The annotations contain the 2D and 3D bounding boxes of the involved objects, the centroids’ poses (translation + quaternion), and the visibility percentage of the objects’ surfaces. Nearly 10K separated object images are presented to perform simple tests and compare them with more complex cluttered scenarios tests. A baseline performed with the DOPE neural network is reported to highlight the challenges introduced by the novel dataset.
Exploring Cambodian adolescents' perceptions on sex: a qualitative investigation
Authors: Yang Youngran , Kim Jiwoo , Park Gloria , Thapa Roshna
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Involvement in sexual activities increases during adolescence in many countries, including Cambodia. The objective of this study is to explore the perspectives and interpretations of sex held by Cambodian adolescents within the context of their social norms and culture.

Methods

A qualitative research design was used to conduct in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 91 Cambodian adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years. Participants were recruited from rural areas, and data was collected through face-to-face interviews using semi-structured interview guides. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results

Four themes as perspectives of sex were identified: (1) Desire: Releasing sexual desire and stress; (2) relationship: an emotional connection and demonstration of love; (3) roles: responsibilities within a woman's marital duties; and (4) values: the value of virginity and future engagement. Cambodian adolescents' perspectives and interpretations of sex were deeply influenced by their social norms and cultural values. Men typically perceived sex through the lens of instinct and pleasure, while women often emphasized a deep sense of familial duty and held premarital sex to be morally unacceptable.

Discussion

The findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving the sexual health of Cambodian adolescents should be designed with an understanding of the social norms and cultural values that shape their perspectives and interpretations of sex. Such interventions should focus on promoting safe sex practices and providing accurate and comprehensive sexual education.
Virtual reality training for intraoperative imaging in orthopaedic surgery: an overview of current progress and future direction
Authors: Pratap Jayanth , Laane Charlotte , Chen Neal , Bhashyam Abhiram
Published: May 2024

Trauma and orthopedic surgery commonly rely on intraoperative radiography or fluoroscopy, which are essential for visualizing patient anatomy and safely completing surgical procedures. However, these imaging methods generate ionizing radiation, which in high doses carries a potential health risk to patients and operating personnel. There is an established need for formal training in obtaining precise intraoperative imaging while minimizing radiation exposure. Virtual reality (VR) simulation serves as a promising tool for orthopaedic trainees to develop skills in safe intraoperative imaging, without posing harm to patients, operating room staff, or themselves. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of literature surrounding VR training for intraoperative imaging in orthopaedic surgery. In addition, we discuss areas for improvement and future directions for development in the field.
Entrepreneurial Aspirations and Challenges among Business Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Al-Fattal Anas
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on small businesses, significantly influencing entrepreneurial aspirations and presenting numerous challenges. This calls for additional research into perceptions, intentions, and the challenges faced in this context. This study aims to explore the comprehension of key entrepreneurial concepts among business students in the post-pandemic era. The paper presents an empirical study which employs qualitative in-depth interviews with 34 undergraduate business students from one public university in the Midwest of the United States. The findings reveal a complex view of entrepreneurship that extends beyond traditional business creation, encompassing elements of social innovation and personal fulfillment. Students displayed a generally positive attitude towards entrepreneurship, influenced strongly by their involvement in practical entrepreneurship-related activities and their familial backgrounds. However, they also identified significant barriers, including financial constraints, fear of failure, and a lack of practical experience, which hinder their intentions to pursue entrepreneurial ventures. The study underscores the importance of entrepreneurship education programs incorporating more comprehensive practical experiences, enhancing financial literacy, and providing psychological support to overcome these challenges. These insights contribute to the ongoing discussion on how to effectively support and prepare aspiring entrepreneurs in a changing educational landscape.