bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion for Steel Q235
Authors: Fu Jian Xun , Li Xiang Dong , Hwang Weng Sing
Published: February 2011

The dynamic coefficient of thermal expansion for steel Q235 during cooling was investigated using experimental measurements and model calculations. The coefficient of thermal expansion under 1400°С was measured with a thermal dilatometer. The coefficient was derived from a segregation model of two-phase zone for of temperature range of 1400°С to zero-strength temperature (ZST). The obtained results reveal that the coefficient of thermal expansion shows two jumps in the temperature zone of the peritectic reaction and the eutectoid reaction. The anti-expansion phenomenon caused by the eutectoid reaction in the cooling process corresponds to the low-temperature crack-sensitive area. Therefore, the slab straightening process should be avoided in this temperature range during continuous casting.
Study of Bake Hardenability for Hot Rolling Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Li Wei Juan , Wang Guo Dong
Published: February 2011

The TMCP and bake hardening experiments were carried out for the test steel，the microstructure analyses，mechanical properties and bake hardenability test were carried out by using SEM, TEM and tensile test machine. The results show that small volume fraction of bainite microstructure increased will improve BH value in the microstructure of F+P(little). compared with the microstructure that consists of ferrite mainly，which consists of bainite mainly has a higher BH value. The microstructure that consists of ferrite mainly shows the trendy of BH that increased first and then decreased, along with pre-strain increased. The microstructure that consists of bainite, under the condition of higher pre-strain, with the pre-strain increased, the BH value shows the trendy of increasing. While the BHT value is increasing monotonously.
Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment Time on Inclusions in High Carbon Steel
Authors: Lie Jie , Ge Cheng Ling , Wang Hai Chuan , Li Ling , Rui Qi Xuan , Tang Guang Wu
Published: February 2011

Effect of ultrasonic treatment time on inclusions in high carbon steel with the addition of pure rare earth Ce was investigated. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment could disperse, refine and remove inclusions in molten high carbon steel with rare earth. With the increase of ultrasonic treatment time, total oxygen content of high carbon steel and average diameter of inclusions decreased evidently, inclusions in high carbon steel could be removed in a certain degree, but the number of the inclusions increased significantly. Total oxygen content (mass fraction) of high carbon steel, equivalent number I and average diameter d of inclusions in ingot was respectively 59×106, 134 entries•mm-2 and 2.91 μm when the ultrasonic treatment time was 60 s, at the same time, the percentage of inclusions with diameter D＜2.31 μm is up to more than 43 % of the total.
Investigation on Aging Behaviour of Al2O3-Sio2(Sf) / AZ91D Composites
Authors: Liu Guan Jun , Li Wen Fang , Peng Ji Hua
Published: February 2011

The aging hardening curves of Al2O3-SiO2(sf) / AZ91D composites (MMCs) with different volume fraction were got, and the aging behaviors of the composites were investigated with Vickers hardness measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscope (TEM) after solution treated at 415°C for 10h , and water quenched at room temperature, afterwards aged at 175°C for 0 -38h with a 2h interval. The result shows that there are three aging peaks at aging hardening curve of the composites, and that four types of β-Mg17Al12 precipitates were responsible for the aging peaks. Volume fraction of the composite affects effect of aging hardening, but does not change trend of the aging hardening curve.
Wear Behaviour of Thermal Spray Welded FeNi and CeO2 Composite Coatings
Authors: Liang Bu Nv , Chen Biao , Zhang Zhen Yu , Zhang Peng Lin
Published: February 2011

FeNi alloy powders with and without 0.4 % CeO2 were flame spray welded onto 1045 carbon steel substrate. Vickers microhardness profiles of the coatings were carried out. Sliding wear tests in dry conditions were carried out by means of weight-loss method for several applications in oil industries. For this purpose, Ni-based alloy and high chrome cast iron were used as compared materials. A scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to analyze the wear phenomena of samples. The result showed that the hardness of the coatings can be improved by addition of 0. 4 % CeO2, and the anti-adhesion, anti-scratching, and plastic deformation resistance abilities of coatings are increased with the addition of CeO2.
Effect of Static Magnetic Field on Distribution of Elements in the Fe-S, Fe-Si, and Fe-Mn Alloys
Authors: Wang Hai Chuan , Liao Zhi You , Pang Rui Peng , Hong Peng , Wang Shi Jun , Lie Jie , Wang Gui , Dargusch Matthew S.
Published: February 2011

Three binary Fe-based alloys Fe-S, Fe-Si, and Fe-Mn has been designed and melted in order to investigate the effect of static magnetic field on the migration behavior and distribution of the three elements during the solidification process in this study, and microstructure and chemical composition on the samples have been inspected by optical microscopy and Original Position Analysis technologies. It has been found that the magnetic field can effectively change the distribution of S, Si and Mn, and the migration behaviors of the three elements are different.
Fractal Analysis of Raceway Boundary in COREX Melter Gasifier Model
Authors: Luo Zhi Guo , Di Zhan Xia , Zou Zong Shu , Chen Ren
Published: February 2011

The raceway boundary is coarse and fragmentized, but all of previous studies are based on Euclidean geometry, which regard the dimension of raceway as an integer. In this paper, particle velocity contour has been developed to define the raceway boundary. The fractal method of calculating raceway size, which describe boundary with extremely un-regular or fragment characteristic, is brought forward in physical model. The result shows that the precise raceway boundary can be obtained by particle velocity contour, and the surface area of ellipsoidal raceway based on fractal is larger than that based on Euclidean.
Synthesis of Gold Nano- and Microplates by Tryptophan and 5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan
Authors: Sun Ya Nan , Ding Xi Yu , Du Li Na , Jiang Zhen , Xu Hui , Yu Ya Biao , Li Yang , Zhang Qi Qing
Published: February 2011

L-Tryptophan and 5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan were used to synthesis the plate-like gold particles. The morphology of gold plates can be tunable from several nanometers to dozens of micrometers by changing reaction conditions. High temperature was not only increased the reaction ratio, but also changed the morphology of gold products. The size of gold plate was determined by the molar ratio of tryptophan to HAuCl4 . The pH value of HAuCl4 also played an important role in the formation of gold plates. One more hydroxyl group in the tryptophan enhanced the reducing ability of tryptophan, which was not suitable for the anisotropic growth.
Characterization of Protein Powder from Waste Rabbit Hair
Authors: Li Hui Qin , Gong Ji Xian , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2011

Rabbit hair is an important animal fiber in China, making up 90% of the total output in the world. Fuds is one of familiar problems in the processing of rabbit hair, which lead to plenty of waste fibers. Recently, there has been interest in converting protein fibers into powder to develop their new uses. This provides great opportunities for waste rabbit hair. In this study, rabbit hair powders have been produced and the structure and properties were characterized at multi-level. Surface morphology of rabbit hair powders was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the majority of rabbit hair powders appear to be small fibrous particles. The FTIR spectrum of rabbit hair and rabbit hair powders was detected. Although no new chemical bonds were produced in the rabbit hair powders, the result showed that some absorbing peaks of rabbit hair powder become stronger than that of rabbit hair. Absorption of rabbit hair powders was also investigated. The result showed that rabbit hair powder had higher moisture retention rate than that of rabbit hair, wool fiber and cotton fiber. Moreover, rabbit hair powder showed remarkable sorption ability for metal ions. The characterization of rabbit hair powder will provide useful basal data for the further application of rabbit hair in novel areas.
Controllable Assembly of Au Nanorods through Recognition of h-IgG and Anti-h-lgG Fab
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhou Xi , Zhong Lu Bin , Shi Yan Feng , Huang Yuan Can , Wu Shi Chao , Zhang Qi Qing
Published: February 2011

We present a strategy to fabricate discrete Au nanorods (AuNRs) into controllable side-by-side (SS) and end-to-end (EE) assemblies through bio-recognition of h-IgG and anti-hIgG Fab. Due to anisotropic properties of AuNRs, bifunctional PEG (SH-PEG-COOH) with low concentration preferentially bound to the ends of AuNRs while high concentration and large amount resulted in binding on the side surfaces and then proteins were covalently conjugated to either surface through EDC/NHS. Thus, controllable SS and EE assembly of AuNRs were obtained through antibody-antigen recognition.
Magnesium-Based Hydrogen-Storage Materials from Milling for Sulfocompound Hydrodesulfurization
Authors: Zhou Shi Xue , Zhang Ming Lin , Niu Hai Li , Zhang Tong Huan , Chen Hai Peng
Published: February 2011

Magnesium-based hydrogen-storage materials were prepared by reactive ball-milling under hydrogen atmosphere. It was shown that crystallitic carbon from anthracite carbonization was an effective milling aid for magnesium. Dispersive nano-particles about 20 to 60 nm were prepared from magnesium with 35 wt.% of crystallitic carbon additive by milling for 3 h under 1 MPa of hy-drogen atmosphere. The magnesium hydrided into MgH2 and the crystallitic carbon was endowed with C=CH2 functional group during milling. The hydrogen-storage materials were used for the hy-drodesulfurization of CS2 and thiophene, and H2S and MgS yielded after reaction. To add molybdenum into the hydrogen-storage materials was in favor of the hydrogenation of sulfo-compounds.
Electrochemical Synthesis for Uniform and Large-Scale Zinc Oxide Nano Structure Films
Authors: Zhang Wen , He Yong Ning , Cui Wu Yuan , Zhou Cheng Bo
Published: February 2011

Three different kinds of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure films have been synthesized on an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate by electrochemical method with adjusting the concentration of the electrolyte, deposition time and temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum have been used to determine the characteristics of these nanostructures. The results show that concentration of the electrolyte is one of the most important factors that determine the morphologies of ZnO films. Nanobuds, nanorods, flakes are obtained with the electrolyte concentration increasing. Nanobuds and nanorods have no significant changes with the deposition time prolonged while the flakes grow bigger and thicker. The flakes merge together at high temperature while nanobuds remain unchanged except getting larger and sparser. Nanobuds and nanorods show single crystal patterns while the flakes are composted by multi crystals. The reasons forming such different morphology were discussed according to crystal growth theory. The PL spectra of these ZnO films are quite different according to various microstructures. The film with flake structure has a significant widen near edge emission peak with the depressed visible emission, which may have potential applications on optoelectronic devices and sensors.
Corrosion Inhibition of 45# Mild Steel in Acidic Solution by Some Norfloxacin
Authors: Xu Fei Ran , Zhang Sheng Tao , Li Xiao
Published: February 2011

The corrosion inhibition of 45# mild steel in 3%HCL solution by norfloxacin has been studied by weight loss measurement, Tafel polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and quantum chemical study. The inhibitor of norfloxacin shows 93.2% inhibition efficiency at optimum concentration 400mg/L. The polarization studies suggest that norfloxacin is the mixed-type inhibitor for 45# carbon steel in 3%HCL. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques are also used to investigate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition. What is more, the adsorption model obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm at 298K. And the calculated quantum chemical also suggests that norfloxacin have excellent inhibition properties.
Synthesis, Characterization and Gas Adsorption of Titania Nanotubes
Authors: Leo Bey Fen , Tan Kim Han , Ng Meng Nee , Johan Mohd Rafie
Published: February 2011

Titania nanotubes (TNTs) have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of anatase TiO2 powder in NaOH solution at 110°C for 90 hours and then annealed at the temperature of 400°C. The morphology and crystalline structure of the nanotubes were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average specific surface area of the particle was probed using gas adsorption-desorption measurements, and average particle size was calculated from the specific surface area. Based on the microscopic observations on the transformation process, it indicated that the formation of nanotubular products remained in their shape after the annealing process. While XRD results confirmed the nanotubes were composed of pure anatase TiO2 nanoparticles.
Preparation of Nano-Powders of ITO
Authors: Zhang Ming Yu , Wang Li Ping , Huang Qi Zhong
Published: February 2011

ITO (indium tin oxide) film of a high transmittance and high conductivity has been extensively studied because of its applications in optoelectronics. In this study, ITO nano-powder was prepared by constant pH chemical coprecipitation method. The experimental results show the precursor of the powders play a key role. The optimum was selected with orthogonal experiments. The optimum showed pH 8.5, temperature 60 °C, solution of indium and tin adding speed 100 mL/min, stirring rate 500rpm, additives 25 mg/L. the primary particle size is less than 10 nm with narrow distribution and good decentralization. SEM shows that particles are sphere-like and XRD shows that precursor consist of indium hydroxide and amorphous body. Zeta potential showed the powder is in nanoscale with uniformly dispersiveness. ITO nanocrystalline powder was formed after sintering at 600°C.
Preparation and Characterization of Cassava Starch-Chitosan/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Mo Xian Zhong , Mo Chen , Qi Xiang , Li Ren Huan
Published: February 2011

Biopolymer cassava starch(ST)-chitosan(CS)/montmorillonite(MMT) nanocomposites were prepared in which MMT was used as nanofiller and diluted acetic acid was used as solvent for dissolving and dispersing cassava starch, chitosan and MMT. XRD and TEM results indicated the formation of an exfoliated nanostructure of ST-CS/MMT nanocomposites. Mechanical properties testing revealed that at the range of the MMT content from 1wt% to 5wt%, tensile strength of the composites increased from 30MPa to 37.5MPa. But the elongation at break fall from 28% to 22% with the increasing of MMT. Obviously, MMT had an enforced effect to the composites. TGA results showed that the nano-dispersed MMT improved the thermal stability of the matrix systematically with the increasing of MMT.
Absorption of Eriochrome Blue Black on Polyaniline/Attapulgite Nanocomposites
Authors: Xu Hui , Xu Yao , Chen Yong
Published: February 2011

Polyaniline/attapulgite (PANI/ATP) nanocomposites doped by hydrochloric acid (HCl) were prepared by in-situ polymerization method. The structure and absorption mechanism for eriochrome blue black of nanocomposite were investigated. Amount of absorbent and influence of pH for absorbent effect were also studied. The results reveal that the nanocomposites have not only the structure of ATP but also the property of the PANI. The nanocomposites hold an excellent adsorption for eriochrome blue black when the pH value is 5. The adsorption thermodynamics of the nanocomposites follows the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. The maximum adsorption capacity can reach 192.67mg/g. The calculate results show that the adsorption enthalpy is 4.15kJ/mol, the Gibbs free energy is (–22.98 to –19.26) kJ/mol, and the entropy of 81J/(mol·K), which imply that the adsorption is an endothermal and spontaneous process.
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanate Nanotubes and Nanowires in a Revolving Autoclave
Authors: Li Xue Fei , Jiao Qing Ze , Zhao Yun , Li Han Sheng
Published: February 2011

One-dimensional titanate nanotubes and nanowires were synthesized by hydrothermally treating TiO2 nanoparticles (P25) with an aqueous NaOH solution in a revolving autoclave. The effect of the reaction temperature and time on the morphology and crystal structure of titanate nanomaterials was systematically studied. When the hydrothermal treatment was carried out in a revolving autoclave, nanotubes with NaxH1-xTi2-x/4Υx/4O4•H2O crystal structure were obtained and favor to self-assemble in shape of clusters and bundles, and nanotube bundles tended to transform into nanowires with the crystal structure transforming into NaxH2-xTi3O7 within 48 h at a hydrothermal temperature higher than 130 °C. Based on the experimental results, a possible mechanism for the formation of titanate nanotube by wrapping of nanosheets and nanowires formed via the cooperation of oriented attachment and Ostwald ripening was proposed.
Large-Scale Patterning and Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes by Microfluidic Hydrodynamic Focusing
Authors: Liu Mei , Peng Yan , Guo Qiu Quan , Luo Jun , Yang Jun
Published: February 2011

Efficient integration of synthetic nanotubes/nanowires into functional nanodevices by bottom-up approaches is the key of mass production of nanodevices, and is still a big challenge. Here we present a simple microfluidic method of patterning and aligning a large scale of carbon nanotubes by hydrodynamic focusing: the sample solution carrying carbon nanotubes were hydrodynamically controlled by the sheath flows. This method can be used to align and position both a large scale of nanotubes and a few lines of nanotubes to designated positions, offering a general pathway for assembly of nanosystems.
Electromagnetic Characteristics and Microwave Absorption Properties of CNT Composite
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Hai Yan , Zeng Guo Xun
Published: February 2011

The microwave permittivity and permeability of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)/paraffin and CNTs-Co(C)/paraffin were measured respectively and their differences were discussed in detail. Furthermore, the reflection losses for double-layer CNTs (CNTs-Co(C))/epoxy coatings, with the thickness ranged from 1.6-2 mm, were practically tested through Arc Method in 2.6-18 GHz frequence range. The results indicated that the reflection loss peak shifted towards low frequency and the peak value decreased with the coating thickening and possible mechanisms for the phenomena were given.
Study the Relative Permeability of Ferrofluid with the Mean Value Analysis of Experimental Apparent Gravity
Authors: Ho Je Ee
Published: February 2011

Relative permeability is an important magnetic characteristic for ferrofluid to exhibit its magnetized potential during the magnetization process. To understand above physical property varying with field intensity, a popular analytic model, based on Langevin theory, has been usually considered and widely used. Unfortunately, an implicit model, derived from above hypothesis, for solving the instantaneous magnetization of ferro-particle will be carried out unless the determination of saturated magnetization should be conducted in advance. Just for the study dealing with magnetic property of testing ferro-sample is concerned, the previous acquisition of magnetization curve is impossible and unpractical without the precise measurement of magnetization-degree. On the other hand, required experimental expense is still so costly that it seems to be unaffordable for general laboratory. Thus a self-designed electromagnetic mechanism with special facility of smaller size, economical cost and efficient operation to quantify the reduced gravity of ferro-sample attracts our interest and is set up in this study. Meantime, an auxiliary numerical method, Newton interpolatory divided-difference formulas in trapezoidal rule, involved in this study successfully avoids the essentiality of saturated magnetization determined previously, and which also provides a numerical approximation through the weight loss of ferrofluid experienced by the designed experimental system. As compared with the result measured by VSM (vibration sample magnetometer) method, the estimated profile shows an excellent agreement except the extraordinary outcome occurring at B=6 mT, where a drastic increase of relative permeability will be evaluated due to the faster magnetization starts.
Effect of Edge Activator on Characteristic and in Vitro Skin Permeation of Meloxicam Loaded in Elastic Liposomes
Authors: Duangjit Sureewan , Opanasopit Praneet , Rojanarata Theerasak , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait
Published: February 2011

The aim of this study was to prepare and investigate the potential use of liposomes in the transdermal drug delivery of meloxicam (MX). The vesicles containing a constant amount of MX, phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol (Chol) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (1:5:1:1 MX/PC/Chol/CPC molar ratio) to obtain liposomes. MX loaded liposomes were investigated for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (%EE) and in vitro skin permeation. The results indicated that the liposomes were spherical in structure, 77 to 100 nm in size and charged. The %EE of MX in the vesicles ranged from 55 to 56%. The elastic liposomes consisting of MX/PC/Chol/CPC provided a significantly higher skin permeation of MX compared to the other formulations. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the application of liposomes may disrupt the stratum corneum lipid. Our research suggests that MX loaded elastic liposomes can be potentially used as a transdermal drug delivery system.
A Hollow Microneedle Carrier for Enhancing Skin Penetration of Large Molecular Compounds
Authors: Wonglertnirant Nanthida , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait , Opanasopit Praneet , Todo Hiroaki , Sugibayashi Kenji
Published: February 2011

Delivery of drugs through skin is obstructed by the excellent barrier properties of the outermost skin layer, the stratum corneum (SC). A strategy employing microneedles have recently emerged as a minimally invasive device for disrupting the SC structure and creating holes for molecules to pass through. Hollow-typed microneedles permit drug delivery which can be modulated over time via active delivery controlled by hand or pump. In this study, the potential of hollow microneedle for overcoming the outermost skin barrier and facilitating drug delivery into skin was investigated. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextrans (4.3 kDa), FD-4, was used as a model large molecular compound. The effects of injection volume and formulation on drug release behavior from skin were determined. FD-4 was favorably loaded into the lower epidermis as well as the superficial dermis of the skin by a hollow microneedle. The release profiles of FD-4 were analyzed by Higuchi model based on Fick’s law of diffusion. The higher the volume of FD-4 solution injected, the faster the FD-4 release rate from skin. Liposome formulation exhibited no difference on drug release profiles compared with the solution. The results provide information for designing an effective hollow microneedles system.
Corrosion Behaviour of Ultra-Fine Grain Chromium Bronze Prepared by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing in Nacl Solution
Authors: Zhang Ya Ni , Xu Chang Zheng , Zheng Mao Sheng , Zhu Jie Wu
Published: February 2011

The corrosion resistance of Ultra-fine grain (UFG) chromium bronze, prepared by Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), was investigated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure by electrochemistry technique and immersion experiment. The electrochemistry experiment showed that ECAP processing don’t change the corrosion nature of chromiun bronze, the corrosion potential of UFG chromium bronze is a little more positive than that of CG chromium bronze, the differences are in the range of 10mV-20mV. Meantime, the immersion experiment showed that the UFG chromium bronze is more resistant to corrosion than its CG counterpart. The difference between UFG chromium bronze and its CG counterpart is also significant in terms of corrosion morphology. Though the structure is uniform corrosion, the microstructure is honeycomb-like morphology for CG chromium bronze and the corrosion pit is deeper. The shallower corrosion pits are displayed for UFG chromium bronze and grain drop off in local region.
Preparation and Characterisation of TAM-PLGA Microspheres by Solvent Evaporation
Authors: Shu Bai Li , Xue Xu Ming , Zhang Qi Meng , Liu Ying Li , Ma Zong Hui , Nie Hua Li , Zhu Li Min , Du Ling Yun
Published: February 2011

Uniformly sized microspheres of poly(d, l-lactic-co-glycolic) (PLGA) encapsulating tamoxifen(TAM) were successfully prepared by solvent evaporation. In this study three different polylactide-co-glycolides were used with differing lactide-glycolide ratios (50:50, 75:25, and 85:15, respectively). The sphere size distribution and morphology was analyzed using Laser Particle Size Analyzer and SEM. The drug loading and release in vitro of the microspheres were also investigated. The result showed that the microspheres have good spherical and better sustained release.
Study on Design for Remanufacturing Facing Total Remanufacturing Process
Authors: Yao Ju Kun , Zhu Sheng , Cui Pei Zhi , Shi Xiao Jun
Published: February 2011

DFR facing whole remanufacturing process is an essential premise for remanufacture engineering development, which relates to lots of research contents and engineering technologies. The connotation of DFR including the conception, task, target and characteristic are given and described in this paper, then the research content and system framework of DFR are put forward, finally some key technology units of DFR are explained in detail.
Preparation Principle and Crystal Growth Kinetics of Loaded Nanocrystal TiO2
Authors: Zhao Ying Na , Zhang Wen Li
Published: February 2011

Nanocrystal TiO2 photocatalystic materials were prepared by melt-phase separation technique, and its preparation principle was discussed in this paper. Anatase nanometer TiO2 could be obtained by heat-treatment at 550 °C for 10 min, which is well combined with porous glass carrier and the particles size is about 25 nm. The growth kinetics of TiO2 crystalline analysis results showed that the growth activation energy Q1 was about 63.27 KJ/mol (<600 °C), and Q2 was about 22.78 KJ/mol (>600 °C).TiO2 crystalline growth closely related to glass phase separation. TiO2 particles grew quickly with the glass phase separation size increase, and then the particles growth rate became slow because of being limited by glass phase separation structure.
Fabrication of Large-Area Silicon Nanowire Arrays Based on Electroless Metal Deposition
Authors: Liu Xuan , Zhao Li Jie , Feng Ping
Published: February 2011

Electroless metal deposition is a simple, low-cost and effective method for fabricating silicon nanowire arrays and has been used widely in micro electromechanical industry. In this paper, large-area silicon nanowire arrays are prepared successfully with mixed AgNO3 and HF solution by this method at normal temperature and pressure. It has been proved the best equality of silicon nanowires can be obtained at the concentration ratio of 0.02 mol/l: 5mol/l for AgNO3 and HF and 1h reaction time. The influence of nano metal particles on the growth, the wire diameter, the distribution and the array of silicon nanowires are analyzed. Experimental results show the distribution and wire diameter of silicon nanowires can be controlled effectively by nano metal particles deposited on silicon wafers. The length of silicon nanowires increases with the reaction time and the average growth velocity is predicted to be 0.5～0.7μm/min. The equality of silicon nanowires with nano Au particles is better than those with nano Pt particles. The reaction mechanism of preparing large-area silicon nanowire arrays is analyzed as the result of the deoxidization of silver ion and the removal of the oxidized silicon solution by reacting with HF.
Effect of Additive on Microstructure and Property of Bulk Nanocrystalline Co-Ni Alloys Prepared by JED
Authors: Qiao Gui Ying , Jing Tian Fu , Xiao Fu Ren , Sun Li Na
Published: February 2011

The bulk nano-crystalline cobalt-nickel alloys have been prepared by the double refined methods (DRM) combined the high-speed jet electrodeposition (JED) with the additive added in jet electrolyte, and their microstructure and properties, such as the microhardness and magnetic properties, have been evaluated. The results indicate that the DRM is a very effective technique for grain size refinement and property improvement. The concentration of the additive added in the jet electrolyte has little effect on the Co-content in the deposited alloys, but they have a remarkable effect upon the microstructure and properties.
Optical Studies on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes via Modified Wolff-Kishner Reduction Process
Authors: Tan Kim Han , Leo Bey Fen , Ng Meng Nee , Ahmad Roslina , Johan Mohd Rafie
Published: February 2011

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been successfully synthesized by using a relatively simple method, known as modified Wolff-Kishner reduction process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has shown the as-prepared MWCNTs possess straight morphologies with average inner and outer diameters, between 2 to 7 nm and 5 to 15 nm, respectively. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption measurement has been conducted for the first time. The correlation between energy of the π plasmon absorbance (Eπ) and nanotube diameter (dCNT) for the as-prepared MWCNTs shows contradiction to the empirical relationship as Eπ = 4.8 + 0.7 / (dCNT)2. Other optical characteristics like transmittance, reflectance and refraction index also have been studied. This work explores the optical property of the as-prepared MWCNTs and thus provides better understanding about the feasibility of this synthesis technique.
Preparation of Composite Conductive Microspheres Used in Anisotropic Conductive Adhesive Films
Authors: Ma Jian , Gao Hong , Chen Xu
Published: February 2011

Polymer-based conductive adhesive materials have become widely used in many electronic packaging interconnect applications. In this paper, a new kind of polymer-based conductive particle used in anisotropic conductive adhesive films (ACFs) is prepared. The preparation of the single scattered polystyrene spheres with the particle size of 3 microns around and the less than 5% dispersion coefficient is done successfully, and a layer of nickel is coated on the surface of polystyrene spheres using chemical plating method well.
Preparation of Nicob/SiO2 Nanoalloy Catalysts and their Catalytic Hydrogenation Performance
Authors: Du Chang Hai
Published: February 2011

The nanoalloy NiCoB and NiCoB/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by an incipient impregnation-chemical reduction method with NaBH4. They were characterized and examined for their catalysis in the hydrogenation of furfural to furfural alcohol. NiCoB and NiCoB/SiO2 catalysts were characterized by XRD as amorphous structure. The amorphous NiCoB/SiO2 catalyst was active in the hydrogenation of furfural, and it was significantly more active than NiB, CoB and NiCoB.
Rapid Preparation of V2O3 and VN Nanocrystals by Ammonolysis of the Precursor VOC2O4•H2O
Authors: Lin Hua , Tao Bo Wan , Li Qing , Li Yan Rong
Published: February 2011

V2O3 and VN nanocrystals have been conveniently synthesized from thermal ammonolysis of the precursor VOC2O4•H2O in a resistance tubular furnace at 500°С and 780°С for 30 min, respectively. The products were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD)、X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The average particle sizes of V2O3 and VN are both in the ranges of 20~35 nm. The evolution from precursor to hexagonal V2O3 and then to cubic VN was explored. The crucial factors，such as the reaction temperature and time，have also been discussed.
Effect of High Magnetic Field on Diffusion Behavior of Carbon in Pure Iron
Authors: Wu Yan , Lu Yan , Zhao Xiang , Zuo Liang
Published: February 2011

The effect of magnetic field on diffusion behavior of carbon in pure iron was investigated. The results showed that the magnetic field can accelerate the carbon diffusion when the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the carburized direction, and this effect increases with the enhancement of magnetic field intensity.
Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of a Novel Piperazine Derivative Microcrystal
Authors: Ruan Chang Shun , Wang Yuan Liang , Zhang Mao Lan , Zhang Bing Bing
Published: February 2011

A novel piperazine derivative (4, 4'-(1, 4-piperazinediyl) bis (4-oxo-2-butenoic acid),PBBA) was successfully synthesized under mild conditions by using piperazine and maleic anhydride as feedstock. Its molecular weight and structure were characterized through High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-EMS) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Then its especial micrystal was also obtained by recrystallizing through co-precipitation in dimethyl sulfoxide-ethanol system. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscope revealed that the uniform shape microcrystal, which length ranging from 5 μm to 50 μm and width ranging from 2 μm to 15 μm, have unusual optical properties that lights only can be refracted through the middle of the microcrystal, maybe due to its special molecule structure.
Spunbonded Nonwovens Made from Segmented Pie Filaments
Authors: Lu Zhi Min , Qian Xiao Ming
Published: February 2011

The splitting of segmented pie filaments in spunbond is a direct impact on the performance of final products. After splitting process, one primary filament is fractured into several micro-filaments which own excellent properties. This paper was to investigate effects of splitting on segmented pie filaments when they were processed with different splitting technologies. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs were used for characterizing the splitting effect in order to discuss optimal splitting techniques to manufacture segmented pie spunbonded nonwovens. The results indicated that spunlacing and alkali deweighting can get a better splitting effect than the other process.
Fabrication of Flake-Shaped Core-Shell Micro Particles by Way of Thermal Decomposition of Pentacarbonyl Iron on Diatomite Surface
Authors: Zhang Wen Qiang , Zhang De Yuan , Cai Jun
Published: February 2011

In order to fabricate flake-shaped core-shell micro particles (FCMP) with light weight efficiently, deposition on diatomite was carried out by thermal decomposition. The deposition of Fe on diatomite was accomplished by thermal decomposition of pentacarbonyl iron (Fe(CO)5). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to make clear their morphology microstructure, chemical composition, and crystal structure. The average diameter of FCMP is around 40μm, and the average aspect ratio is over 15. The main chemical composition of the FCMP is Fe, Si, Oand C. The XRD result revealed that crystal structures of the FCMP is close to α-Fe. The vibrant sample magnetometer (VSM) result revealed that the FCMP belong to soft magnetic material. The density test results show that the density of FCMP is close to the 2.6, which is lower than the density of pure carbonyl iron powder.
Fabrication of Micro-Silicon Filter and Separating of Blood Cells
Authors: Wang Xiao Zhang , Wang Chao Hui
Published: February 2011

This research developed a micro-silicon cell filter using MEMS fabricating technology, which has constant filtering channel size, uniformed distribution, and good surface quality. Blood cell filtering experiment was carried out by applying pressure injection and the filtering quality was studied via cell counting. The experimental results demonstrates that flat plate filter can implement blood cells filtering separation, and erythrocyte recycling rate reaches 90% with the 4～5m in filtering size and 0.1L/min injection flow-rate fulfilling the requirement of blood cells separation. Increasing the flow-rate can improve filtering efficiency to a certain degree but has little effect on erythrocyte recycling rate, because micro array filter is insensitive to back pressure in contract to the filled filter.
Synthesis of Nano-Strontium Titanate Immobilised on the Silica Gel G and its Application in Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water
Authors: Zhang Dong , Cheng Yan
Published: February 2011

A new adsorption agent, nanosized strontium titanate immobilized on the silica gel G (GSTO) was prepared, and it was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ability of the new adsorption to remove heavy metal Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni and Mn from water samples was assessed. The research results displayed that adsorbent has the highest adsorption capacity for Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni and Mn in ions mixture system. Optimal experimental conditions including pH and contact time have been established. Desorption studies were carried out successfully with diluted HNO3 solutions. Thus, nano-strontium titanate immobilized on the silica gel G is favorable and useful for the removal of these heavy metal ions, and the high adsorption capacity makes it a good promising candidate material for Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni and Mn removal.
Research on Cement Pulverized Admixture of Waste Concrete Powder
Authors: Tian Fang , Xie Xian Song , Hu Wei Xin
Published: February 2011

This study was carried out to test the feasibility of a mixture of cement, waste concrete powder (WCP) for their permeability, compressive strength and flexural strength. Various samples with different mass ratios of this mixture were tested to determine their permeability, compressive strength and flexural strength. The best proportions of 10% WCP, 90% cement and 0% NaOH excitant with a value of 51.3MPa was obtained at 28d, and the flexural strength can reach 8.6MPa. Moreover, the samples containing 10% WCP , 90% cement and 1% Na2SiO3 excitant also showed quite good compressive strength and flexural strength with values of 45.1MPa and 8.3MPa, respectively, while the samples containing 30% WCP and 70% cement showed low compressive strength and flexural strength.
A Facile Method for Fabrication Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Green-Photoluminescence
Authors: Xu Zhi Bing , Wang Yi
Published: February 2011

ZnO nanoparticles have been fabricated with cation resins templates by thermal decomposition reaction. TEM and XRD showed the ZnO nanoparticles synthesized have an average diameter of 46.5 nm with sphere-shaped. One strong green-light emission peak at 530 nm was observed.
Preparation and Characterization of Thermo-Sensitive Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose/Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel
Authors: Xiao Yu Liang , Xia Cheng Cai , Duan Gui Yun , Zhao Xiao Dong
Published: February 2011

The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Thermo-sensitive hydrogels based on linear HPMC and cross-linked PNIPAAm were prepared by the semi-IPN technique. The interior morphology of hydrogels was investigated by fluorescent microscope. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The thermo-sensitivity, equilibrium swelling rate and swelling dynamics of these hydrogels were investigated. The chemical compositions and structures of the semi-hydrogels were similar to each other, as measured by FTIR. The results indicated that the swelling ratio of the hydrogel decreased with increasing temperature. In pH 7.4 buffer solution (37°C ), when the weight ratio of HPMC to NIPAAm was 1/100, the swelling ratio was the maximum. In comparision with a conventional PNIPA hydrogel, the semi-IPN hydrogel synthesized with hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose exhibits a much faster response rate to temperature changes. For example, PNI-H05 loses 87% water within 5min, whereas the conventional hydrogel loses only about 25% water within 5 min. and about 50% water within 50 min.
Dihexadecyl Phosphate-Assisted Synthesis of Unusual Calcium Carbonate Microspherules
Authors: Liu Xiao Hua , Bai Hai Xin , Sha Yu Fang
Published: February 2011

The interesting finding is reported that unusual calcium carbonate (CaCO3) microspherules had been synthesized by simply mixing calcium chloride and ammonium bicarbonate with the assistance of dihexadecyl phosphate (DHP, an anionic lipid). The experimental results indicate that as-prepared CaCO3 microspherules with complex surface texture are predominantly vaterite with high stability. DHP plays a critical role in the formation of the well-defined CaCO3 microspherules.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Novel MoS2 Nanoflowers Directed by Ionic Liquid
Authors: Dong Bin , Chai Yong Ming , Liu Yun Qi , Liu Chen Guang
Published: February 2011

MoS2 with rose-like morphology have been successfully synthesized using by an ionic liquid-directed hydrothermal synthesis. XRD results showed that the as-prepared MoS2 directed by ionic liquid Brij56 have the good peaks. SEM images revealed that the MoS2 nanoflowers had rose-like morphology composed of many stacked sheets. TEM images showed that MoS2 nanoflowers have incompactly petal-like stacked structure. These results showed that ionic liquid Brij56 could effectively influence the morphology of MoS2. Ionic liquid played a crucial role as a structure-directed reagent in the formation of MoS2 nanoflowers and the possible growth mechanism of MoS2 nanoflowers was also discussed.
Preparation and Charcterisation of PSt/GMA/DVB Microspheres by Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Liu Hong Bo
Published: February 2011

PSt/GMA/DVB microspheres were prepared by soap-free emulsion co-polymerization of St, GMA and DVB monomers. The fractional conversion of polymerizations was characterized by gravimetric methods. All the fractional conversions of polymerization exceeded 90 percentages. The amounts of epoxy groups on the microspheres were measured by hydrochloric acid- acetone method. The results showed that the added time of GMA monomers had little influence on the amounts of epoxy groups in the microspheres; however, with the increasing of GMA monomers, the epoxy groups increased; with the increasing of DVB monomers, the epoxy groups drastically decreased.
Study on the Recrystallization Behaviour of Hot Deformed Austenite in GCr15 Bearing Steel
Authors: Xiong Guang Yao , Wang Yan Lin , He Bo Lin , Zhao Long Zhi
Published: February 2011

Along with the rapid development of the science and technology, the requirements of microstructure and properties for the bearing steel are more and more strict. The recrystallization behavior of hot deformed austenite in GCr15 bearing steel was systematically studied under the different deformation amount, deformation temperature and dwell time after rolling, the changes of microstructure and recrystallization percentage was analyzed. The research results show that the recrystallization behavior of hot deformed austenite in GCr15 bearing steel is more and more obvious as the deformation amount, deformation temperature and dwell time after rolling increase, the microstructure is more uniform, and the recrystallization percentage increases; When the deformation amount is 20%, the deformation temperature is 850°C and the dwell time after rolling is 10s, the recrystallization percentage is 32.09%, when the deformation amount is 45%, the deformation temperature is 950°C and the dwell time after rolling is 60s, the recrystallization percentage is 64.31%, comparing it to 32.09%, it increases 100.4%.
A New Fatigue Strength Measuring Method of Steel Bar in Concrete
Authors: Peng Xiu Ning , Lan Wen Wu
Published: February 2011

According to experimental research on 10 specimen of steel bars under fatigue loading, remained static strength of bars has been measured. On the base of experimental data, a new fatigue strength (limit) measuring method of steel bars using in concrete structure has been set up. Experimental results and theoretic analysis show that the method can shorten time in experiment, reduce discreteness and improve the precision of data. The method may be used to measure fatigue limit of both not corroded and corroded bars (especially with local unsymmetrical corrosion pits) bearing fatigue loading, therefore it will be used to evaluate the residual fatigue expectation of reinforced concrete that bearing fatigue loads such as bridge structure which has served for a certain long of time and be used to make right decisions on repairing or removing structures under reversed loads.
Setting Behaviour of Phosphate Cement
Authors: Li Zhong Hua , Gao He Fei , Feng Shu Rong , Su Chao
Published: February 2011

For the situation that concrete engineering required rapid and timely repair after nature disaster, setting time and influencing factors of phosphate rapid repair material were studied in this paper. The results showed that setting time of phosphate rapid repair material increased a little with increase of water and binder ratio but the setting time was short. When water and binder ratio was less than 0.20 setting time was less than 3min. Setting time was shorted with reducing of P/M. Setting time was from 2min30s to 5min when P/M was reduced from 1:0.6 to 1:4. Setting time of phosphate cement increase a little mixed with fly ash, slag or portland cement but effect of their content on setting time was little. Setting time of phosphate rapid repair material increased with increase of B/M. When content was greated than 12% the setting time was longer than 20min. Fly ash, slag and portland cement can reduce setting time of phosphate cement with borax obviously.
The Analysis on the Mechanical Property and Durability of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Cao Su Qing , Xin Xiao Fei , Yang Mei
Published: February 2011

This paper mainly studies the influence pattern of mechanical properties and anti-permeability and carbonation etc durability after adding the carbon fiber into the concrete. Results show that appropriate amount fiber seep into concrete can improve its mechanical properties and durability.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Tb4L3(Phen)0.75•7H2O Nanorods
Authors: Ren Hui Juan , Cui Zhen Feng , Sun De Hui , Hong Guang Yan
Published: February 2011

The rare earth complex terbium (III)-pyromellitic acid (H4L)-1,10-phenanthroline (phen) nanorod was synthesized in the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) matrix by a co-precipitation method. The chemical composition of the as-synthesized sample was speculated to be PVP/Tb4L3(phen)0.75∙7H2O by elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) result exhibited that the as-synthesized sample was nanorods with diameters of ca. 150 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of the sample showed that it was a crystalline complex. The thermogravimetric curve (TGA) analysis exhibited that the sample is stable below 450 °C. UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra exhibited that there is a broad and strong absorption band in the range of 280-350 nm. The photoluminescence analyses (PLA) indicated that the as-synthesized sample emitted the characteristic green fluorescence of Tb (III) ions under ultraviolet light excitation.