bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Диференціальна діагностика езофагітів у школярів
Authors: Nyankovskyy S.L. , Horodylovska M.I. , Ivantsiv V.A. , Boyko O.I.
Published: February 2017

Актуальність. Розглянуті питання класифікації і диференціальної діагностики езофагітів у дітей шкільного віку. Описані найбільш характерні симптоми езофагітів різної етіології. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 60 дітей шкільного віку, у яких визначалась характерна для езофагіту клінічна симптоматика. Діагноз верифікований ендоскопічно та морфологічно. Результати. За даними ендоскопічного дослідження в усіх дітей були виявлені вогнищева або дифузна еритема та набряк слизової оболонки, у 53,3 % дітей — множинні білуваті нальоти, у 40 % дітей — лінійні ерозії. При морфологічному дослідженні найпоширенішими змінами були: гіперемія судин мікроциркуляторного русла — у 85 % випадків, вакуольна дистрофія епітеліоцитів — у 76,7 % випадків, діапедезні крововиливи — у 63,3 % випадків, деструкція гранул кератогіаліну — у 50 % випадків. Висновки. Для вирішення проблеми діагностики хронічних езофагітів у дітей необхідний підхід з використанням усієї сукупності сучасних методів діагностики, які зможуть допомогти верифікувати правильний діагноз та визначитися з напрямками подальшого лікування. Морфологічне дослідження є обов’язковим та вирішальним при встановленні діагнозу езофагіту.
Синдром Жильбера: термінологія, епідеміологія, генетика, патогенез (частина I)
Authors: Sorokman T.V. , Popeliuk O.-M.V. , Makarova O.V.
Published: February 2017

Мета огляду — аналіз даних літератури щодо поширеності, етіології, генетики, патогенезу синдрому Жильбера. Проведений огляд наукової літератури щодо синдрому Жильбера за ключовими словами «синдром Жильбера», «гіпербілірубінемія», «уридиндифосфатглюкуронілтрансфераза» з використанням як пошукової системи PubMed. Беручи до уваги дослідження, проведені в останні 10 років, проаналізовані тези 75 статей. Більш детально вивчено результати дослідження, висвітлені у 28 статтях.
Терапія післяопераційного делірію
Authors: Pavlov O.O. , Lutsyk S.A.
Published: February 2017

За сучасною класифікацією, післяопераційний делірій визначається як гостре порушення свідомості зі зниженою здатністю зосереджуватися, підтримувати або переключати увагу та супроводжується змінами перцепції. Перебіг післяопераційного періоду знаходиться під багатофакторним впливом різних чинників. Зниження активності гамма-аміномасляної кислоти, аномальні порушення метаболізму мелатоніну та серотоніну поряд із гіперпродукцією норадреналіну призводять до підвищення вивільнення інтерлейкінів-1 (IL-1) та IL-6, внаслідок чого уражаються нейрони, виникає церебральна гіпоперфузія, що є можливим патогенетичним механізмом. В післяопераційному періоді у хворих, які перенесли хірургічні процедури й анестезію, як правило, виникає через 1–3 доби. Частота розвитку делірію у госпіталізованих пацієнтів становить 10–24 % серед усіх госпіталізованих пацієнтів і 37–46 % в хірургічних клініках. У відділенні інтенсивної терапії повідомляється про частоту післяопераційного делірію у 87 % хворих. Загалом частота розвитку делірію в післяопераційному періоді варіює в широких межах — від 9 до 87 % і залежить від віку пацієнта і типу операції. Значною мірою на розвиток делірію впливає ступінь операційного стресу. Крім того, зниження інтелектуальних здібностей у передопераційному періоді та наявність хронічних захворювань є незалежними предикторами розвитку делірію у літніх людей. На сьогодні серед медикаментозних методів лікування та профілактики розвитку делірію в післяопераційному періоді доведеним є застосування галоперидолу й аміназину. Існує достатня кількість як окремих, так і багатоцентрових досліджень, що підтверджують ефективність застосування антипсихотичних препаратів першого покоління. Достатня доказова база дозволяє використовувати ці препарати при дослідженні нових лікарських засобів як еталон і з огляду на їхній відомий та передбачений клінічний ефект. Незважаючи на патогномонічну роль ацетилхолінестерази у генерації умов післяопераційного періоду, спірним залишається клінічна ефективність застосування інгібіторів ацетилхолінестерази. На сьогодні не доведено позитивного впливу ривастигміну, донепезилу та галантаміну на частоту розвитку делірію при їхньому використанні як у доопераційному, так і в післяопераційному періоді. Тобто пошук нових препаратів і схем профілактики залишається актуальним питанням анестезіології.
Дисфункція діафрагми в дітей із гострою дихальною недостатністю
Authors: Filyk O.V.
Published: February 2017

У статті описано основні причини порушення функції діафрагми, клінічне значення її дисфункції. До дослідження включено 8 пацієнтів віком 1–3 роки з дихальною недостатністю (досліджувана група) та 10 пацієнтів аналогічного віку без ознак дихальної недостатності (контрольна група). Наведено власні результати ультразвукового дослідження діафрагми при проведенні механічної вентиляції легень у режимах PCV, P-SIMV та при спонтанному диханні через 2 год після екстубації в досліджуваній групі пацієнтів. Вивчено такі показники, як товщина правого та лівого куполів діафрагми, фракція їх стоншення, амплітуда рухів під час дихання, а також наявність десинхронізації при проведенні механічної вентиляції легень. Установлено, що в пацієнтів досліджуваної групи правий купол діафрагми під час вдиху мав вірогідно меншу товщину порівняно з аналогічним показником у контрольній групі пацієнтів, що становила 4,60 ± 0,15 мм при механічній вентиляції легень у режимі PCV, 4,40 ± 0,11 мм — у режимі P-SIMV та 4,50 ± 0,06 мм — при спонтанному диханні порівняно з 5,90 ± 0,21 мм у контрольній групі. Товщина лівого купола діафрагми при вдиху в пацієнтів досліджуваної групи була більшою на всіх етапах проведення механічної вентиляції легень порівняно з контрольною групою пацієнтів та становила 5,10 ± 0,17 мм у режимі PCV, зменшувалася до 4,00 ± 0,12 мм у режимі P-SIMV та до 4,00 ± 0,12 мм під час спонтанного дихання порівняно з 3,40 ± 0,04 мм у контрольній групі пацієнтів. Отже, у дітей із дихальною недостатністю відмічаються дисфункція правого купола діафрагми, а також порушення релаксації лівого купола діафрагми при збереженій його скоротливій здатності.
Стан вегетативного балансу на тлі епідуральної анестезії
Authors: Harbar M.O. , Svitlyk Y.О. , Svitlyk H.V. , Pighirnyi Y.М.
Published: February 2017

Актуальність. Варіабельність ритму серця активно досліджується впродовж останніх десятиліть, існує велика кількість наукових праць, присвячених цій проблемі. Методика оцінки варіабельності ритму серця є простою у виконанні та інтерпретації. Проте у світовій медичній практиці аналіз варіабельності ритму серця, на жаль, не є рутинним обстеженням. Зміни варіабельності ритму серця досліджувалися під впливом різних медикаментозних препаратів, які використовуються під час загальної анестезії. В окремих дослідженнях вивчався вплив епідуральної анестезії із застосуванням лідокаїну на показники варіабельності ритму серця з метою аналізу адекватності знеболювання. Метою нашого дослідження було вивчити особливості варіабельності ритму серця у вузький період — під час оперативного втручання. Матеріали і методи. У дослідження включено 26 чоловіків віком від 40 до 69 років, які оперувались з приводу пахових гриж під епідуральною анестезією. Результати. Виявлено, що в усіх обстежених осіб, незалежно від використаного місцевого анестетика, в інтраопераційний період відбулось посилення парасимпатичного тонусу вегетативної нервової системи. Така особливість більш виражена в пацієнтів віком 60–79 років. В осіб молодшого віку зберігалась тенденція до симпатектомії внаслідок впливу місцевого анестетика. В осіб старше від 60 років виявлена активація як симпатичного, так і парасимпатичного тонусу, проте перевага останнього призвела до статистично вірогідного зниження симпатовагального індексу. Висновки. Можемо підсумувати, що оперативне втручання із застосуванням епідуральної анестезії характеризувалося гармонійними змінами симпатовагального тонусу з незначною перевагою парасимпатикотонії в осіб понад 60 років, що є ознакою безпечності епідуральної анестезії та адекватності знеболювання. Вважаємо, що аналіз варіабельності ритму серця потребує ширшого застосування у клініці.
Práticas de leitura e de escrita em História: diálogos com os direitos de aprendizagem em História
Authors: Alvim Yara Cristina
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo volta-se para um diálogo com os Direitos de Aprendizagem em História, a partir de um esforço reflexivo que busca situar a intrínseca relação entre leitura e escrita e ensino de história. Ao longo do texto, buscamos desenvolver tal argumento em duas direções. Em um primeiro momento, situamos as práticas de leitura e escrita que se realizam fora da escola como importantes referenciais na aprendizagem em história. Em um segundo momento, apontamos para a potencialidade de uma didática da história que tenha como referência as práticas de leitura e escrita de mundo realizadas pela criança. Para tanto, demarcamos a centralidade do procedimento histórico como método didático que, no diálogo com a experiência vivida pela criança, amplia e (re)significa suas leituras e escritas de mundo. Finalizamos o artigo com um diálogo mais direto com os Direitos de Aprendizagem em História a partir de uma perspectiva de História e de Ensino de História que situa a dimensão do conhecimento histórico e do procedimento histórico como ferramentas capazes de promover a (re) significação dos processos de leitura e escrita em história.
A dimensão lúdica na criança e seu espaçotempo na escola
Authors: Silva Léa Stahlschmidt P.
Published: February 2017

O texto discute o papel do lúdico nos processos de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem, de acordo com um dos princípios do programa “Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa” do Ministério da Educação, que afirma serem a ludicidade e o cuidado com as crianças condições básicas nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Conceitua o termo ludicidade e mostra as semelhanças e diferenças entre brinquedo, brincadeira e jogo, relacionando-os com a cultura. Por fim, ressalta a prática de atividades lúdicas no processo de alfabetização e, para isso, sugere o planejamento dessas atividades na rotina semanal e a avaliação dessas práticasa.
As Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TIC) na educação para todos
Authors: Souza Amaralina Miranda
Published: February 2017

Ao refletir sobre a utilização da tecnologia na educação, devemos considerar a colaboração que a educação dá às melhorias sociais e como a tecnologia é importante como instrumento para alcançar estes fins, desde que seus usuários se utilizem dela para conduzir finalidades e valores adequados à sua realidade. Nesse sentido é necessário pensar uma escola que, efetivamente, acolha a todos os alunos e seja administrada de uma forma a favorecer os diferentes processos de ensino e de aprendizagem. O sucesso do processo educacional está diretamente ligado à possibilidade de se reconhecer as diferenças que existem na sala de aula e aceitá-las, respeitando estas diferenças e oportunizando os recursos necessários para que todos os alunos tenham acesso a todos os níveis de ensino. Esse artigo traz reflexões sobre o uso das tecnologias como apoio ao trabalho do professor para responder à diversidade de demandas educacionais dos alunos. Apresenta considerações sobre as Tecnologias Assistivas (TA) e o Software Educativo (SE) Hércules e Jiló, construídos para apoiar o trabalho do(a) professor(a) na construção de novas estratégias pedagógicas, voltadas para o atendimento às necessidades educacionais específicas de todos os alunos.
O amor de Jesus preenche todos os vazios: os discursos religiosos nas paredes de uma escola de educação infantil em Duque de Caxias (RJ)
Authors: Branco Jordanna Castelo
Published: February 2017

O presente trabalho analisa os discursos religiosos presente nas paredes de uma Escola de Educação Infantil da rede pública municipal em Duque de Caxias, região metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Teve como suporte teóricoos estudos da linguagem de Mikhail Bakthin; das políticas públicas, em especial os que discutem a religião na escola pública (Cunha, 2011; 2006; Cavaliere e Cunha, 2007; Cury, 2004) e da Educação Infantil (Corsino, 2003; Kramer,1982; Khulmman, 2000). Para o desenvolvimento do estudo foi adotada metodologia qualitativa de perspectiva etnográficanuma turma de crianças de 5 a 6 anos de idade, no período de outubro de 2010 a agosto de 2011. Além de observações participantes, registradas em caderno de campo e em áudio e fotografia, contou com entrevistas semiestruturadas e conversas informais com a diretora e professores da escola; consulta a textos legais e revisão bibliográfica. As observações revelaram a naturalização da presença da religião na escola pública estudada e o uso do espaço público para a difusão de dogmas de uma determinada crença, o favorecimento de uma religião em detrimento de outras.
Business confidence and inflation in South Africa: variance decomposition and GIRF analysis
Authors: Khumalo John
Published: February 2017

The study empirically investigates how business confidence responds to inflation shock in South Africa using the quarterly time series data spanning the period 1993Q1 – 2013Q1. The variance decomposition revealed that although inflation accounted for about 2 percent in the initial stages, it did account for about 27 percent to shocks in business confidence at later stages. The Generalized Impulse Response Functions (GIRF) also confirmed that inflation uncertainty does cause some negative shocks on how business managers/owners perceive the future of their business prospects. These results show that there is a negative relationship between business confidence and inflation in South Africa.
Risk averse insiders with specific objective function and capital structure choice in European emerging economies
Authors: Črnigoj Matjaž
Published: February 2017

I provide new insights in capital structure choice in European emerging economies by extending the logic beyond the scope of modern capital structure theory, which is based on the assumption that firms are governed by shareholders and follow the goal of maximizing their wealth. I empirically investigate capital structure choice in these countries assuming an alternative corporate governance paradigm that puts risk averse insiders with specific objective function in the firm’s governance structures. I found that firms that are owned by insiders operate with significantly lower leverage, as well as that the probability that a firm uses debt at all drops if insiders are the largest shareholders.
Corporate governance and performance of listed commercial banks in South Africa
Authors: Ngwenya Sam
Published: February 2017

The global financial crisis of 2008 that resulted in the collapse of many financial institutions in the United States (US) and Europe have resulted in debates over the failures of corporate governance structures to properly protect investors. The main objective of the study was to determine the relationship between corporate governance and performance of listed commercial banks in South Africa. The results of the study indicated a statistically positive significant relationship between board size, proportion of non-independent and non-executive directors and bank performance. The results of the rest of the corporate governance indicators are mixed when using different performance measurement variables.
On the linkage between the fundamental problem in corporate law and standard contracts law
Authors: Bukspan Eli
Published: February 2017

The claim argued in this paper is that common law, as presently applied to public corporations (i.e., Corporate Law and Securities Law), is characterized by a broad consumer outlook that subsumes standard contracts law. The “consumerist” attributes of shareholders in public corporations rely on the widely accepted theoretical analysis of corporate law that focuses on the separation of ownership and control (the “agency problem”), which was developed in the wake of the growing might of mega-corporations. Respectively, standard contracts law, including its consumerist elements, designed to deal with contractual failures arising from the nature of the bylaws of a public corporation, as a contract whose contents are not negotiable by the parties invited to adhere to it, and from the inferior economic and informational standing of share buyers in the capital market. As such, standard contracts law serves as an additional, justified and consistent legal tool for contending with the agency problem, whence the opening for its application to public corporations.
Informedness and consensus of accounting disclosures under section 302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley act: High-tech firms versus low-tech firms
Authors: Kwon Sung S. , Lai Liona , Gaber Brian
Published: February 2017

This paper draws from the theory explored by Holthausen and Verrecchia (1990) on price and volume behavior and examines initial effects of the overall information contained in 10-Q reports of high-tech firms vis-à-vis low-tech firms on investors’ informedness and consensus when Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act took effect in 2002. Consistent with the reinforcing effects of informedness and consensus on trading volume, we find that trading volume has decreased post SOX for both high-tech and low-tech firms when we investigate investors’ response during a short event window around quarterly reporting dates. However, the effects of informedness and consensus on stock return variability are countervailing, and therefore any decrease or increase in stock return variability depends upon which of the two effects dominates in a particular informational setting. The decrease in stock return variability is found only in high-tech firms, which can be explained by the implementation of more conservative accounting methods in the high-tech sector.
Effect of corporate governance on the firms’ structural capital
Authors: Dhaouadi Karima
Published: February 2017

The study seeks to understand how the firm’s ownership structure and the board of directors’ composition influence the structural capital. The latter is apprehended by two main levers: innovation ("R&D") and firm’s reputation. By mobilizing several panel linear regressions on 274 American firms, the results show that the firms which heavily invest in structural capital are more successful and chaired by the younger and heterogeneous TMT. No disciplinary effect of the board on structural capital has been found. The results support the cognitive theory assumptions. The classic perspective failed to explain the structural capital phenomena. In order to enhance their structural capital, firms must pay a close attention to their board cognitive contribution and not to its disciplinary role.
Efficiency in emerging markets: Applying the automatic variance ratio test
Authors: Cavalheiro Everton Anger , Vieira Kelmara Mendes , Ceretta Paulo Sérgio
Published: February 2017

This paper analyzes the efficiency of the market in its weak form, as proposed by Fama (1970), in 24 emerging countries, after the subprime crisis of 2007/2008. To answer the research problem, initially calculated the log return of the main contents of these countries. After we used the automatic variance ratio for small samples, as Kim (2006) and Kim (2009). The results indicate monthly market inefficiency for Chile, Hungary and Malaysia as well as demonstrated inefficiency, on a daily basis, for the Chilean, Egyptian, Filipino, Israeli, Jordanian, Malaysian, Mexican, Russian and Thai market.
Development of Propulsion Inverter Control System for High-Speed Maglev based on Long Stator Linear Synchronous Motor
Authors: Jo Jeong-Min , Lee Jin-Ho , Han Young-Jae , Lee Chang-Young , Lee Kwan-Sup
Published: February 2017

In the case of a long-stator linear drive, unlike rotative drives for which speed or position sensors are a single unit attached to the shaft, these sensors extend along the guideway. The position signals transmitted from a maglev vehicle cannot meet the need of the real-time propulsion control in the on-ground inverter power substations. In this paper the design of the propulsion inverter control system with a position estimator for driving a long-stator synchronous motor in a high-speed maglev train is proposed. The experiments have been carried out at the 150 m long guideway at the O-song test track. To investigate the performance of the position estimator, the propulsion control system with, and without, the position estimator are compared. The result confirms that the proposed strategy can meet the dynamic property needs of the propulsion inverter control system for driving long-stator linear synchronous motors.
Diversité et évolution du vitrage de l’Antiquité et du haut Moyen Âge : un état de la question
Authors: Foy Danièle , Fontaine Souenn
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Archaeological finds, literary sources and to a lesser extent iconography allow to define different kinds of window glass and lapis specularis. From the the vast documentation gathered from the Western world, it is possible to distinguish an evolution in the forms, techniques and material used fom the 6th to the 7th century; the study attempts to find out and underline the place of window glass in architecture. The poured and flattened glass, as soon as the Augustan period, is part of the equipment of public and wealthy residential buildings, cult places and especially thermal complexes. The most numerous, flat and orthogonal, are known from a long time. Others, circular or rectangular but balloon shape are mostly used for zenithal lighting. Blown window glass appears during the fourth century. In the Western world, window glass is only obtained by cylinder glass blowing, but in the Eastern provinces, cylinder glass panes and glass discs produced by crown blowing are used together. As soon as the 4th century, glass panels are cut in small geometric stained figures, which will give birth to stained-glass being coloured during the 6th century; the first painted stained-glass appears in the 8th century. Records of lapis specularis in literary sources are more substantial than archaeological data; its transparency often is of higher quality than glass. This material, extracted from successive exploited fields is being used all along the considered period.
Computed Tomographyand Magnetic Resonance Image-Based Analysis of the Anatomical Variations of the Sylvian Fissure and Characteristics of the Middle Cerebral Artery
Authors: Maslehaty Homajoun , Deuschl Cornelius , Kleist Bernadette , Göricke Sophia , Sure Ulrich , Müller Oliver
Published: February 2017

The aim of this cross sectional anatomical study is to determine the distribution of the defined anatomical variations of the Sylvian fissure (SF) in a normal population and to analyze its bilateral superposable presentation. Furthermore, we examined the course of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the division of the MCA branches in relation to the SF types. A total of 300 cranial CT scans - 100 CT angiography datasets and 86 MRIs of patients without intracranial pathologies - were reviewed. The SF was categorized in five types based on Yasargils description and our previous publication. The length, diameter and branches of the MCA were measured and compared to the SF types. SPSS 23.0 for Windows® was used for statistical analysis. We analyzed data of 300 patients (171 male, 129 female; mean age 51.6years). Symmetric and mirror-imaged coherence of the SF was found in 266 patients (88.7%, χ2(8)=3.04, p=0.932). The distribution of the SF types showed significant differences in patients younger than 60 years compared to older patients. A bifurcation was observed in 72.0%. A trifurcation was observed in 12.0% and a false bifurcation in 16.0% of patients. There was no significant difference of the measured diameters or length of the M1 segments according to the SF types. In this CT and MRI based anatomical study we could show that a twisted and narrow SF occurred more frequently in patients younger than 60 years of age. The SF has a high congruence intra-individually. The anatomical condition might influence the size and configuration of the proximal MCA, which in turn might influence the surgeon’s choice of the approach to the SF. Preoperative evaluation on the basis of the presented data, may help to decide for an appropriate approach to the SF.
Classical nucleation theory of immersion freezing: sensitivity of contact angle schemes to thermodynamic and kinetic parameters
Authors: Ickes Luisa , Welti André , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Heterogeneous ice formation by immersion freezing in mixed-phase clouds can be parameterized in general circulation models (GCMs) by classical nucleation theory (CNT). CNT parameterization schemes describe immersion freezing as a stochastic process, including the properties of insoluble aerosol particles in the droplets. There are different ways to parameterize the properties of aerosol particles (i.e., contact angle schemes), which are compiled and tested in this paper. The goal of this study is to find a parameterization scheme for GCMs to describe immersion freezing with the ability to shift and adjust the slope of the freezing curve compared to homogeneous freezing to match experimental data. We showed in a previous publication that the resulting freezing curves from CNT are very sensitive to unconstrained kinetic and thermodynamic parameters in the case of homogeneous freezing. Here we investigate how sensitive the outcome of a parameter estimation for contact angle schemes from experimental data is to unconstrained kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. We demonstrate that the parameters describing the contact angle schemes can mask the uncertainty in thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. Different CNT formulations are fitted to an extensive immersion freezing dataset consisting of size-selected measurements as a function of temperature and time for different mineral dust types, namely kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, microcline (K-feldspar), and Arizona test dust. We investigated how accurate different CNT formulations (with estimated fit parameters for different contact angle schemes) reproduce the measured freezing data, especially the time and particle size dependence of the freezing process. The results are compared to a simplified deterministic freezing scheme. In this context, we evaluated which CNT-based parameterization scheme able to represent particle properties is the best choice to describe immersion freezing in a GCM.
An analysis of offshore wind farm SCADA measurements to identify
key parameters influencing the magnitude of wake effects
Authors: Mittelmeier Niko , Allin Julian , Blodau Tomas , Trabucchi Davide , Steinfeld Gerald , Rott Andreas , Kühn Martin
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Atmospheric conditions have a clear influence on wake effects. Stability classification is usually based on wind speed, turbulence intensity, shear and temperature gradients measured partly at met masts, buoys or LiDARs. The objective of this paper is to find a classification for stability based on wind turbine Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) measurements in order to fit engineering wake models better to the current ambient conditions. Two offshore wind farms with met masts have been used to establish a correlation between met mast stability classification and new aggregated artificial signals. The significance of these new signals on power production is demonstrated for two wind farms with met masts and measurements from a long range LiDAR and validated against data from one further wind farm without a met mast. We found a good correlation between the standard deviation of active power divided by the average power of wind turbines in free flow with the ambient turbulence intensity when the wind turbines were operating in partial load. The proposed signal is very sensitive to increased turbulence due to neighbouring turbines and wind farms even at a distance of more than 38 rotor diameters away. It allows to distinguish between conditions with different magnitude of wake effects.
SH-TM mathematical analogy for the two-layer case. A magnetotellurics application
Authors: Carcione J. , Poletto F.
Published: February 2017

The same mathematical formalism of the wave equation can be used to describe anelastic and electromagnetic wave propagation. In this work, we obtain the mathematical analogy for the reflection/refraction (transmission) problem of two layers, considering the presence of anisotropy and attenuation -- viscosity in the viscoelastic case and resistivity in the electromagnetic case. The analogy is illustrated for SH (shear-horizontally polarised) and TM (transverse-magnetic) waves. In particular, we illustrate examples related to the magnetotelluric method applied to geothermal systems and consider the effects of anisotropy. The solution is tested with the classical solution for stratified isotropic media.
Chemie mit Überschall: 30 Jahre astrochemische Forschung und künftige Herausforderungen
Authors: Potapov Alexey , Canosa André , Jiménez Elena , Rowe Bertrand
Published: February 2017

Das interstellare Medium ist für uns von großem Interesse. Hier werden Sterne und Planeten geboren und wahrscheinlich sind von hier molekulare Vorstufen des Lebens zur Erde gelangt. Um die chemischen Wege zur Bildung von Sternen, Planeten und biologischen Molekülen zu verstehen, sollten astronomische Beobachtungen, astrochemische Modellierung und Laborastrochemie Hand in Hand arbeiten. Hier stellen wir Laborexperimente vor, die sich der Untersuchung der Reaktionsdynamik von astrochemisch interessanten Spezies bei Temperaturen des interstellaren Mediums widmen und die unter Verwendung von CRESU, einer der populärsten Techniken in diesem Bereich, durchgeführt wurden. Außerdem diskutieren wir neue technische Entwicklungen und wissenschaftliche Ideen zur CRESU, die unser Verständnis der astrochemischen Geschichte und Zukunft unseres Universums einen Schritt weiter bringen könnten.
Bigger is better: changes in body size explain a maternal effect of food on offspring disease resistance
Authors: Garbutt Jennie S. , Little Tom J.
Published: February 2017

Maternal effects triggered by changes in the environment (e.g., nutrition or crowding) can influence the outcome of offspring–parasite interactions, with fitness consequences for the host and parasite. Outside of the classic example of antibody transfer in vertebrates, proximate mechanisms have been little studied, and thus, the adaptive significance of maternal effects on infection is not well resolved. We sought to determine why food‐stressed mothers give birth to offspring that show a low rate of infection when the crustaceanDaphnia magnais exposed to an orally infective bacterial pathogen. These more‐resistant offspring are also larger at birth and feed at a lower rate. Thus, reduced disease resistance could result from slow‐feeding offspring ingesting fewer bacterial spores or because their larger size allows for greater immune investment. To distinguish between these theories, we performed an experiment in which we measured body size, feeding rate, and susceptibility, and were able to show that body size is the primary mechanism causing altered susceptibility: LargerDaphniawere less likely to become infected. Contrary to our predictions, there was also a trend that fast‐feedingDaphniawerelesslikely to become infected. Thus, our results explain how a maternal environmental effect can alter offspring disease resistance (though body size), and highlight the potential complexity of relationship between feeding rate and susceptibility in a host that encounters a parasite whilst feeding.
4PBA strongly attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress, fibrosis, and mitochondrial apoptosis markers in cyclosporine treated human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Ranga Rao Suresh , Subbarayan Rajasekaran , Ajitkumar Supraja , Murugan Girija Dinesh
Published: February 2017

Cyclosporine induces overgrowth of human gingiva. Previously we have shown (i) cyclosporine—inducing ER stress in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), (ii) increased matrix protein expression, and (iii) interference with mitochondrial pro‐ and anti—apoptotic factors. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of melatonin (an antioxidant), 4PBA (an ER stress inhibitor), and simvastatin on the expression of ER Stress markers as well as on matrix and mitochondrial markers. HGF incubated with cyclosporine, or without melatonin/4PBA/statin. After 24 hr of incubation, mRNA expression of ER stress markers (GRP78, CHOP, XBP1, and XBPs) and matrix protein markers (like α‐SMA, VEGF, TGF‐β, CTGF), and mitochondrial apoptosis markers estimated and compared with housekeeping gene GAPDH. Compared to the control cyclosporine significantly augmented ER Stress and matrix proteins, which decreased significantly with the use of melatonin, 4PBA, and simvastatin. The mitochondrial proapoptotic molecule cyclophilin D, as well as Bcl2 expression also decreased after PBA treatment, paralleling an increase in cytochrome c expression. The effect of 4PBA was much more pronounced than the influence of other two. In conclusion, 4PBA could be a viable therapeutic option for drug‐induced gingival overgrowth.
Error and stability analysis of numerical solution for the time fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation on scattered data of general‐shaped domains
Authors: Shivanian Elyas , Jafarabadi Ahmad
Published: February 2017

In present work, a kind of spectral meshless radial point interpolation (SMRPI) technique is applied to the time fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation in regular and irregular domains. The applied approach is based on erudite combination of meshless methods and spectral collocation techniques. The point interpolation method with the help of radial basis functions is used to construct shape functions which play as basis functions in the frame of SMRPI. It is proved the scheme is unconditionally stable with respect to the time variable in and also convergent by the order of convergence , . In the current work, the thin plate spline are used as the basis functions and to eliminate the nonlinearity, a simple predictor‐corrector (P‐C) scheme is performed. It is shown that the SMRPI solution, as a complex function, is suitable one for the time fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The results of numerical experiments are compared to analytical solutions to confirm the reliable treatment of these stable solutions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 1043–1069, 2017
Depolymerization of poly(ethylene naphthalate) in fused silica capillary reactor and autoclave reactor from 240 to 280°C in subcritical water
Authors: Bei Ke , Ma Peixia , Wang Junliang , Li Kai , Lyu Jinghui , Hu Zhichao , Chou I‐Ming , Pan Zhiyan
Published: February 2017

Depolymerization of poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) in subcritical water was performed in a fused silica capillary reactor (FSCR) and an autoclave reactor. The phase behaviors of PEN in water during the heating‐cooling process in the FSCR were observed under microscope and images were captured by digital camera. Reaction conditions for PEN hydrolysis in the autoclave reactor were chosen based on the experimental results obtained from the FSCR. Under autogenous pressures in the autoclave reactor, the effects of the water/PEN mass ratio (8.0 g/1.0 g to 16.0 g/1.0 g), reaction temperature (240–280°C) and reaction time (5–60 min) on the depolymerization yield and products yields were investigated. The main products of depolymerization were identified and quantified as 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (2,6‐NDA) and ethylene glycol (EG). PEN was completely depolymerized at 260°C in 60 min with an optimal water/PEN mass ratio of 12.0 g/1.0 g (12:1). The yields of 2,6‐NDA and EG were optimized to 83.1% and 79.7%, respectively. Reaction kinetics analysis showed that the PEN depolymerization in subcritical water was first‐order and the activation energy was 95 kJ mol−1. Additionally, a reaction pathway was proposed based on the experimental results. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:1382–1388, 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Study of adiabatic connection in density functional theory with an accurate wavefunction for two‐electron spherical systems
Authors: Chauhan Rabeet Singh , Harbola Manoj K.
Published: February 2017

An accurate semianalytic wavefunction is proposed for the Hookium and two‐electron atoms for varying strength of
where
is the strength parameter and
is coulomb interaction between two electrons. The wavefunction leads to energies that are as accurate as those from the Coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) calculations. Using this wavefunction, we construct the external potential
such that the density of the system remains unchanged as
is varied. The work thus gives a unified picture of adiabatic connection for these systems based on an easy to use wavefunction and complements the past investigations done in this direction. Using the potential obtained, we explicitly calculate the energy of the corresponding positive ions and show that the chemical potential—calculated as the difference between the energies of the two‐electron system and its positive ion—is equal to the experimental ionization energy and remains unchanged as
is varied. Furthermore, using total energies
of these systems as a function of
, we provide a new perspective into a variety of hybrid functionals.
Structure and stability of solvation complexes of trimethyl phosphate and dimethyl methyl phosphonate
Authors: Owens Frank J.
Published: February 2017

The presently used electrolytes in Lithium ion batteries, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and ethylene carbonate are flammable. Trimethyl phosphate (TMP) and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) have been shown to be potential nonflammable electrolytes. Density functional theory is used to calculate the structure and stability of the solvation complexes of TMP and DMMP. The calculations indicate that TMP and DMMP can form a solvation complex of the form Li+(X)4 where X is the TMP or DMMP molecule. Calculations of the solvation energy and bond dissociation energies to remove one TMP and DMMP from the solvation complexes are compared with the same calculations on DMC. The results indicate that TMP and DMMP are considerably more stable than DMC.
Deoti surgical flap and sphincteroplasty for treatment of severe perineal deformity
Authors: Rodrigues Beatriz D.S. , Buzatti Kelly Cristine de Lacerda Rodrigues , Reis Igor G.N. , Barros Flávio C. , Nunes Vinícius R.T. , da Silva Rodrigo G.
Published: February 2017

Purpose Anal incontinence is a very stigmatizing condition, which affects biopsychosocially the patient. It is a neglected, but quite common complication of obstetric and anorectal surgery, however it has treatment options. None of the treatment options have exceptional efficacy rates and still associated with risk of recurrence. The surgery techniques known are: anterior and posterior shortening procedure; post-anal repair; anterior elevator plasty and external sphincter plication; total pelvic floor repair and sphincter repair. None of them use a flap rotation of adipose tissue. The purpose is to propose a new surgery technique of anal sphincteroplasty, which uses flap rotation, for severe perineal deformity associated with anal incontinence.

Methods Patient with severe perineal deformity and anal incontinence treated with a new surgery technique of sphincteroplasty with flap rotation.

Results The severe perineal deformity was corrected with both esthetic and functional results. Anal continence measured by Wexner and Jorge assessment in a follow-up period of 2 years after the intervention. Pictures and video show esthetic and functional aspects.

Conclusion This is the first time that a flap rotation is used to treat a severe perineal deformity. And the technique presented promising outcomes, which allows perineum reconstruction that is similar to the original anatomy. Therefore, this technique is justified to better evaluate its efficiency and the impact on patients’ prognosis.
Report of the Special Commission of Inquiry into Child Protection Services in New South Wales (the Wood Report): A review and commentary
Authors: Hansen Patricia , Ainsworth Frank
Published: February 2017

The Wood Report is the product of a Special Commission of Inquiry into Child Protection Services in NSW that was set up in June 2006 and reported in November 2008. In March 2009, the NSW Government published a response to the report, ‘Keep them safe: A shared approach to child wellbeing’. The NSW Parliament in April 2009 also passed the Children Legislation Amendment (Wood Inquiry Recommendations) Act 2009 with little debate. This legislation has introduced many of Justice Wood's recommendations and has enacted other changes that were not included in the Commission of Inquiry report. While many of the amendments are welcome, there is cause for concern about the likely consequences of some of the new provisions.
Towards an understanding ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium persistence in swine
Authors: Patterson Sheila K. , Kim Hyeun Bum , Borewicz Klaudyna , Isaacson Richard E.
Published: February 2017

Salmonella entericais an important food borne pathogen that is frequently carried by swine. Carrier animals pose a food safety risk because they can transmitS. entericato finished food products in the processing plant or by contamination of the environment. Environmental contamination has become increasingly important as non-animal foods (plant-based) have been implicated as sources ofS. enterica. The prevalence ofS. entericain swine is high and yet carrier animals remain healthy.S. entericahas developed a highly sophisticated set of virulence factors that allow it to adapt to host environments and to cause disease. It is assumed thatS. entericaalso has developed unique ways to maintain itself in animals and yet not cause disease. Here we describe our research to understand persistence. Specifically, data are presented that demonstrates that detection of most carrier animals requires specific stresses that causeS. entericato be shed from pigs. As well, we describe a phenotypic phase variation process that appears to be linked to the carrier state and a complex set of factors that control phenotypic phase variation. Finally, we describe how the composition of the gut bacterial microbiome may contribute to persistence and at the least howS. entericamight alter the composition of the gut bacterial microbiome.
An Ecotheological Exploration of the Thought of Arthur Peacocke
Authors: Guess Deborah
Published: February 2017

Against a background of increasing concern over climate change and other instances of ecological degradation, this paper aims to explore two ideas in the thought of Anglican theologian and biochemist Arthur Peacocke in relation to their ecotheological promise. First, Peacocke’s understanding of ‘emergence’ affirms the diversity of the created world and makes possible the understanding of Jesus Christ as the emergence of a new reality; these concepts resonate with the value given to biodiversity in ecological thought. Second, the idea that God expresses Godself through the material world in the process of creation, together with an emphasis on the biophysical composition of Jesus Christ, allows a high claim to be made for matter which resonates with an ecological affirmation of the value of the natural world. By asserting the prevalence of diversity and the value of matter, Peacocke’s thought provides a theological framework which coheres with an ecological ethos.
The Best of Both Worlds: Maximising the Legitimacy of the EU's Regulation of Geoengineering Research
Authors: Sargoni Janine
Published: February 2017

This paper suggests how the regulation of Solar RadiationManagement (SRM) field research in Europe could be designed to maximise the possibility of securing legitimacy. It argues that legitimacy is maximised when regulatory frameworks are legal, and also responsive, flexible, deliberative and inclusive. By adopting an ‘incorporated’ approach to assessing the risk of Solar Radiation Management (SRM) field research, the EU can import elements of ‘directly deliberative polyarchy’ into its otherwise orthodox constitutional regulatory approach thereby maximising legitimacy. The argument is new in so far as it juxtaposes two conceptions of procedural legitimacy – one institutional and the other functional – in the context of significant scientific uncertainty in the technocratic regulatory paradigm of the EU. The significance of the work is that it draws on these conceptions of legitimacy to advance a pragmatic model of institutional design which comprises procedures that maximise legitimacy with minimal disruption to the EU's institutional balance of powers.
Topological properties of a self-assembled electrical network via ab initio calculation
Authors: Stephenson C. , Lyon D. , Hübler A.
Published: February 2017

Interacting electrical conductors self-assemble to form tree like networks in the presence of applied voltages or currents. Experiments have shown that the degree distribution of the steady state networks are identical over a wide range of network sizes. In this work we develop a new model of the self-assembly process starting from the underlying physical interaction between conductors. In agreement with experimental results we find that for steady state networks, our model predicts that the fraction of endpoints is a constant of 0.252, and the fraction of branch points is 0.237. We find that our model predicts that these scaling properties also hold for the network during the approach to the steady state as well. In addition, we also reproduce the experimental distribution of nodes with a given Strahler number for all steady state networks studied.
Design of Nano Screw Pump for Water Transport and its Mechanisms
Authors: Wang LiYa , Wu HengAn , Wang FengChao
Published: February 2017

Nanopumps conducting fluids through nanochannels have attracted considerable interest for their potential applications in nanofiltration, water desalination and drug delivery. Here, we demonstrate by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that a nano screw pump is designed with helical nanowires embedded in a nanochannel, which can be used to drive unidirectional water flow. Such helical nanowires have been successfully synthesized in many experiments. By investigating the water transport mechanism through nano screw pumps with different configuration parameters, three transport modes were observed: cluster-by-cluster, pseudo-continuous, and linear-continuous, in which the water flux increases linearly with the rotating speed. The influences of the nanowires’ surface energy and the screw’s diameter on water transport were also investigated. Results showed that the water flux rate increases as the decreasing wettability of helical nanowires. The deviation in water flux in screw pumps with smaller radius is attributed to the weak hydrogen bonding due to space confinement and the hydrophobic blade. Moreover, we also proposed that such screw pumps with appropriate diameter and screw pitch can be used for water desalination. The study provides an insight into the design of multifunctional nanodevices for not only water transport but water desalination in practical applications.