bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prepubertal Exposure to Genistein Alleviates Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Induced Testicular Oxidative Stress in Adult Rats
Authors: Zhang Lian-Dong , Li He-Cheng , Chong Tie , Gao Ming , Yin Jian , Fu De-Lai , Deng Qian , Wang Zi-Ming
Published: October 2014

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used plastizer in the world and can suppress testosterone production via activation of oxidative stress. Genistein (GEN) is one of the isoflavones ingredients exhibiting weak estrogenic and potentially antioxidative effects. However, study on reproductive effects following prepubertal multiple endocrine disrupters exposure has been lacking. In this study, DEHP and GEN were administrated to prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage from postnatal day 22 (PND22) to PND35 with vehicle control, GEN at 50 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day (G), DEHP at 50, 150, 450 mg/kg bw/day (D50, D150, D450) and their mixture (G + D50, G + D150, G + D450). On PND90, general morphometry (body weight, AGD, organ weight, and organ coefficient), testicular redox state, and testicular histology were studied. Our results indicated that DEHP could significantly decrease sex organs weight, organ coefficient, and testicular antioxidative ability, which largely depended on the dose of DEHP. However, coadministration of GEN could partially alleviate DEHP-induced reproductive injuries via enhancement of testicular antioxidative enzymes activities, which indicates that GEN has protective effects on DEHP-induced male reproductive system damage after prepubertal exposure and GEN may have promising future in its curative antioxidative role for reproductive disorders caused by other environmental endocrine disruptors.
Overall and Abdominal Adiposity and Premenopausal Breast Cancer Risk among Hispanic Women: The Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study
Authors: John Esther M. , Sangaramoorthy Meera , Hines Lisa M. , Stern Mariana C. , Baumgartner Kathy B. , Giuliano Anna R. , Wolff Roger K. , Slattery Martha L.
Published: October 2014

Background: Few studies in Hispanic women have examined the relation between adult body size and risk of premenopausal breast cancer defined by hormone receptor status.

Methods: The Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study pooled interview and anthropometric data from two large U.S. population-based case–control studies. We examined associations of overall and abdominal adiposity with risk of estrogen receptor– and progesterone receptor–positive (ER+PR+) and –negative (ER−PR−) breast cancer in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White (NHW) women, calculating ORs and 95% confidence intervals.

Results: Among Hispanics, risk of ER+PR+ breast cancer was inversely associated with measures of overall adiposity, including young-adult and current body mass index (BMI). Risk was substantially reduced among those with high (above the median) young-adult BMI and current overweight or obesity. The findings for overall adiposity were similar for Hispanics and NHWs. In the subset of Hispanics with data on genetic ancestry, inverse associations of current BMI, and weight gain with ER+PR+ breast cancer were limited to those with lower Indigenous American ancestry. For ER−PR− breast cancer, height was associated with increased risk, and young-adult BMI was associated with reduced risk. For all breast cancers combined, positive associations were seen for waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio in Hispanic women only.

Conclusions: Our findings of body size associations with specific breast cancer subtypes among premenopausal Hispanic women were similar to those reported for NHW women.

Impact: Adiposity throughout the premenopausal years has a major influence on breast cancer risk in Hispanic women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 138–47. ©2014 AACR.

See related article by John et al., p. 128
Reverse Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Story of a Critically Ill Man with Transient Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Kakroo Mashhood Ajaz , Chowdhury Mohammed Andaleeb , Luni Faraz Khan , Moza Ankush , Bhat Pradeep Krishna
Published: October 2014

Reverse Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a recently described variant of classic TCM. In contrast to classic TCM, the regional wall motion abnormalities are localized in the basal segments. The condition can be triggered by acute stressful events, including acute medical illnesses. The wall motion abnormalities and left ventricular dysfunction are usually completely reversible. We present a case of an 84-year-old man with a complicated postoperative course after laparoscopic cholecystectomy with multiple laparotomies and recurrent sepsis. Echocardiographic evaluation demonstrated left ventricular dysfunction and wall motion abnormalities in a pattern resembling reverse TCM. He had no significant coronary disease on angiography and follow-up echocardiography showed complete resolution of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and regional wall motion abnormalities.
Model for Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in a Korean Population
Authors: Park Gyung-Min , Han Seungbong , Kim Seon Ha , Jo Min-Woo , Her Sung Ho , Lee Jung Bok , Lee Moo Song , Kim Hyeon Chang , Ahn Jung-Min , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Kim Beom-Jun , Koh Jung-Min , Kim Hong-Kyu , Choe Jaewon , Park Seong-Wook , Park Seung-Jung
Published: October 2014

Background—

A model for predicting cardiovascular disease in Asian populations is limited.

Methods and Results—

In total, 57 393 consecutive asymptomatic Korean individuals aged 30 to 80 years without a prior history of cardiovascular disease who underwent a general health examination were enrolled. Subjects were randomly classified into the train (n=45 914) and validation (n=11 479) cohorts. Thirty-one possible risk factors were assessed. The cardiovascular event was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. In the train cohort, the C-index (95% confidence interval) and Akaike Information Criterion were used to develop the best-fitting prediction model. In the validation cohort, the predicted versus the observed cardiovascular event rates were compared by the C-index and Nam and D’Agostino χ
2
statistics. During a median follow-up period of 3.1 (interquartile range, 1.9–4.3) years, 458 subjects had 474 cardiovascular events. In the train cohort, the best-fitting model consisted of age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, current smoking, family history of coronary heart disease, white blood cell, creatinine, glycohemoglobin, atrial fibrillation, blood pressure, and cholesterol (C-index =0.757 [0.726–0.788] and Akaike Information Criterion =7207). When this model was tested in the validation cohort, it performed well in terms of discrimination and calibration abilities (C-index=0.760 [0.693–0.828] and Nam and D’Agostino χ
2
statistic =0.001 for 3 years; C-index=0.782 [0.719–0.846] and Nam and D’Agostino χ
2
statistic=1.037 for 5 years).

Conclusions—

A risk model based on traditional clinical and biomarkers has a feasible model performance in predicting cardiovascular events in an asymptomatic Korean population.
A note on the methodology of Seeck’s Regesten  der Kaiser und Päpste
Authors: Sirks A.J.B.
Published: October 2014

When reconstructing the sources of the Theodosian Code, it is useful to put the thesis, that local archives were used, to the test and reconstruct such a local archive on the basis of the addressee. It appears in the provided example that the letters must have been taken from the imperial copybook of outgoing letters. Further, Seeck reconstructed sometimes the place where a text was issued on basis of the itinerary of the emperor. In the example taken, it appears that Seeck was rather casual in his assumptions on the speed the emperor traveled or could have traveled and that another route, which would necessitate less emendations, is also possible. His Regesten show in this respect a critical weakness.
Grimaldinia pronotalis n.gen., n.sp. from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese Amber
(Hemiptera: Heteroptera, Leptopodidae, Leptosaldinae)
Authors: POPOV YURI A. , HEISS ERNST
Published: October 2014

A new genus and species of leptopodid bug, Grimaldinia pronotalis Popov & Heiss is described and illustrated from Burmese Middle Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) amber originating from the northern Myanmar’s Kachin State. This is the second finding of Leptosaldinae (Leptopodidae), after Poinar published on Palaeoleptus burmanicus from Burmese amber in 2009.
Incisitermes nishimurai, a new drywood termite species (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) from the highlands of Central America
Authors: SCHEFFRAHN RUDOLF H.
Published: October 2014

Incisitermes nishimurai is described from soldiers and winged imagos collected in the highlands of Honduras. It is distinguished from all other Incisitermes species by the dark rugosity of the soldier frons and by the rather large, uniformly very dark, imago.
A new species of Furculanurida (Collembola: Neanuridae) from Ivory Coast, with comments on related genera
Authors: ZON SERGE DEMEANGO , TANO YAO , DEHARVENG LOUIS
Published: October 2014

A new species of Pseudachorutinae, Furculanurida emucronata sp. nov., is described from Lamto in the Ivory Coast. It differs from all known Pseudachorutinae species by the presence of a strong lateral tooth on the claw of leg I, and from other species of the genus Furculanurida by the absence of a mucro. It is provisionally assigned to the genus Furculanurida which is redefined accordingly. The heterogeneity of the genus is stressed, and its relationships with Arlesiella, Kenyura, Pseudachorutes and Stachorutes are discussed.
Fathers at Work
Authors: Cooklin Amanda R. , Westrupp Elizabeth M. , Strazdins Lyndall , Giallo Rebecca , Martin Angela , Nicholson Jan M.
Published: October 2014

Contemporary fathering is characterized by the combined responsibilities of employment and parenting. Relationships between work–family conflict, work–family enrichment, and fathering behaviors have not been widely investigated. Secondary data from fathers of 4- to 5-year-old children participating in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were analyzed ( N = 2,679). Results revealed that higher work–family conflict was associated with irritable (β = .06, p < .001), less warm (β = −0.04, p < .01), inconsistent parenting (β = −.07, p < .001), when sociodemographic and child characteristics were controlled for. Protective associations were found between work–family enrichment and optimal parenting behaviors (β = .10 warmth; β = −.05 irritability, p < .01). These results were largely unchanged when mental health was included in analyses. Sole-earner fathers and those employed for long hours were most likely to report high work–family conflict. Findings provide impetus for workplace and public policy to extend optimal, family-friendly employment conditions to all parents, including fathers.
Gait models and mechanical energy in three cross-country skiing techniques
Authors: Pellegrini Barbara , Zoppirolli Chiara , Bortolan Lorenzo , Zamparo Paola , Schena Federico
Published: October 2014

Fluctuations in mechanical energy of the body center of mass (COM) have been widely analyzed when investigating different gaits in human and animal locomotion. We applied this approach to estimate the mechanical work in cross-country skiing and to identify the fundamental mechanisms of this particular form of locomotion. We acquired movements of body segments, skis, poles and plantar pressures for eight skiers while they roller skied on a treadmill at 14 km h−1 and a 2 deg slope using three different techniques (diagonal stride, DS; double poling, DP; double poling with kick, DK). The work associated with kinetic energy (KE) changes of COM was not different between techniques; the work against gravity associated with potential energy (PE) changes was higher for DP than for DK and was lowest for DS. Mechanical work against the external environment was 0.87 J m−1 kg−1 for DS, 0.70 J m−1 kg−1 for DP and 0.79 J m−1 kg−1 for DK. The work done to overcome frictional forces, which is negligible in walking and running, was 17.8%, 32.3% and 24.8% of external mechanical work for DS, DP and DK, respectively. The pendulum-like recovery (R%) between PE and KE was ~45%, ~26% and ~9% for DP, DK and DS, respectively, but energy losses by friction are not accounted for in this computation. The pattern of fluctuations of PE and KE indicates that DS can be described as a ‘grounded running’, where aerial phases are substituted by ski gliding phases, DP can be described as a pendular gait, whereas DK is a combination of both.
New insights into the role of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus in the sound-producing mechanism of Haemulon flavolineatum (Haemulidae)
Authors: Bertucci Frédéric , Ruppé Laëtitia , Van Wassenbergh Sam , Compère Philippe , Parmentier Eric
Published: October 2014

Grunts are fish that are well known to vocalize, but how they produce their grunting sounds has not been clearly identified. In addition to characterizing acoustic signals and hearing in the French grunt Haemulon flavolineatum, the present study investigates the sound-production mechanism of this species by means of high-speed X-ray videos and scanning electron microscopy of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus. Vocalizations consist of a series of stridulatory sounds: grunts lasting ~47 ms with a mean period of 155 ms and a dominant frequency of ~700 Hz. Auditory capacity was determined to range from 100 to 600 Hz, with greatest sensitivity at 300 Hz (105.0±11.8 dB re. 1 μPa). This suggests that hearing is not tuned exclusively to detect the sounds of conspecifics. High-speed X-ray videos revealed how pharyngeal jaws move during sound production. Traces of erosion on teeth in the fourth ceratobranchial arch suggest that they are also involved in sound production. The similarity of motor patterns of the upper and lower pharyngeal jaws between food processing and sound production indicates that calling is an exaptation of the food-processing mechanism.
Edificios patrimoniales argentinos: Los hogares – escuela
Authors: María Alías Mg. Arq. Herminia , José Jacobo Mg. Arq. Guillermo
Published: October 2014

Ciertos edificios institucionales argentinos de valor patrimonial, como los “Hogares – Escuela”, implantados en diversas regiones argentinas, fueron concretados a través de una política social del peronismo de mediados de 1950 en centros urbanos como Resistencia, Corrientes, Mendoza, Salta y Buenos Aires. En Resistencia (Chaco), en el año 1957, el edificio del “Hogar - Escuela” fue transferido como patrimonio físico a la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE) y desde entonces alberga las facultades del campus universitario. Mediante metodologías de evaluación de eficiencia energética, se estudió el comportamiento higrotérmico y lumínico y el consumo energético real de algunos edificios de este Campus (el que aquí se expone es el correspondientes a la facultad de Arquitectura). Los resultados fueron usados en la formulación de un diagnóstico que permitió proponer medidas de rehabilitación de su desempeño energético global. Dichas propuestas fueron simuladas, verificándose mediante ellas un consumo de energía entre un 30% y un 50% menor al actual. Verificada esta reducción del consumo de electricidad, y garantizando al mismo tiempo adecuadas condiciones de habitabilidad interiores, quedan definidas las bases conceptuales de un eventual proceso de generación de políticas institucionales en la UNNE tendientes al URE en la edificación, que podría ser asimilada en otros edificios regionales.
Um outro conceito de novo: o bairro do Comércio na modernização do Porto de Salvador (1912-1933).
Authors: Silveira De Paoli Dra. Arq. Paula
Published: October 2014

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar os efeitos da modernização do Porto de Salvador no bairro do Comércio, a partir da arquitetura produzida entre 1912 e 1933. A renovação do Comércio foi parte integrante da modernização do Porto de Salvador, e consistiu no alargamento de quase todas as ruas da parte preexistente do bairro, em 1912, e na construção de uma grande faixa de aterro que o separava dos armazéns do novo porto. A pesquisa permitiu apontar que aquele processo de modernização se deu dentro de uma cultura de edificar que privilegiava o diálogo com o antigo na produção da nova arquitetura. Isso é visível tanto na conservação e aproveitamento dos prédios existentes, quando dos alargamentos de ruas, quanto na dificuldade de ocupação da faixa de aterro, que permaneceu um grande vazio urbano durante todo o período estudado.
Avaliação de equipamento para megaeventos
Authors: De Mattos Paradeda Arq. Joana , Almeida de Andrade Arq. Luciana , Vinicius Silveira Borba Arq. , De Bitencourt Monteiro Arq. Deyvid Aléx , Malinsky Arq. Rogério , Da Luz Reis Dr. Arq. Antônio Tarcísio
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o impacto gerado pela Arena do Grêmio, equipamento destinado para sediar megaeventos, localizado na Vila Farrapos, em Porto Alegre. São analisadas as percepções dos moradores da área em relação ao impacto visual da Arena, ao uso dos espaços públicos, à mobilidade no bairro e à acessibilidade para outras áreas da cidade. Como procedimentos metodológicos foram aplicados questionários e realizadas entrevistas com os moradores, além de observações dos usos dos espaços abertos públicos na área de estudo. Os dados obtidos na coleta foram tabulados no programa LimeSurvey e transferidos para o programa PASW Statistics 8, para análise por meio de testes estatísticos não paramétricos. Os principais resultados evidenciam o impacto estético positivo gerado pela Arena do Grêmio. Ainda, a intensidade de uso dos espaços públicos pelos moradores está diretamente relacionada à distância de tais espaços à Arena, evidenciando-se um maior uso das ruas e praças mais distantes, sobretudo em dias de jogo. Os resultados obtidos possibilitam um avanço no conhecimento acerca do impacto desses equipamentos em áreas urbanas residenciais, servindo de apoio a novas inserções deste gênero no meio urbano.
Simulation of rice yield under different irrigation and nitrogen application managements by CropSyst model
Authors: ZARE Narjes , KHALEDIAN Mohammadreza , PIRMORADIAN Nader , REZAEI Mojtaba
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was the calibration and validation of CropSyst model for rice in the city of Rasht. The necessary data were extracted from a field experiment which was carried out during 2005-2007 in a split-plot design. The main plots were irrigation regimes including continuous flooding irrigation and 5-day irrigation intervals. The subplots consisted of four nitrogen levels: zero N application, 45, 60 and 75 kg N ha-1. Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (nRMSE) and Residual Mass Coefficient (Crm) in calibration years were 9.3 % and 0.06, respectively. In validation year, nRMSE and Crm were 9.7 % and 0.11, respectively. According to other indices to assess irrigation regimes and fertilizer levels, the most suitable treatments regarding environmental aspect were 5-day irrigation regime and 45 kg N ha-1.
Different species of basil need different ammonium to nitrate ratio in hydroponics' system
Authors: SAADATIAN M. , PEYVAST Gh. , OLFATI J.A. , RAMEZANI-KHARAZ P.
Published: October 2014

Basil is a very important medicinal plant and culinary spice, and is marketed fresh, dried or frozen. In crop nutrition, nitrogen is essential for plant growth and as a macro-element, is part of the proteins’ structure and participates in the metabolic processes involved in the synthesis and energy transfer. It has been shown that a balance between ammonium and nitrate favors plant growth and that the degree of benefit varies among crops. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth of two varieties of basil in function of four nutrient solutions containing different NH4+/NO3- ratios. Results showed that different variety response differently to nutrient solution. Although the highest yield in both varieties (sweet and purple) was obtained when fed by nutrient solution without ammonium but their response on quality indices were different due to nitrate ammonium ratio in nutrient solutions. The highest total phenol content of sweet and purple basil was 92 and 100 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight respectively, while the highest antioxidant capacity was obtained in purple variety grown in nutrient solution 2 (NH4+:1/NO3:4) and the lowest value were related to sweet variety with the same nutrient solution. Moderate content of total nitrogen can be suitable for sweet variety while for purple variety nutrient solution with low amount of ammonium can be more suitable.
Diagnóstico, tratamento e seguimento do carcinoma medular de tireoide: recomendações do Departamento de Tireoide da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia
Authors: Maia Ana Luiza , Siqueira Debora R. , Kulcsar Marco A. V. , Tincani Alfio J. , Mazeto Glaucia M. F. S. , Maciel Lea M. Z.
Published: October 2014

Introdução O carcinoma medular de tireoide (CMT) origina-se das células parafoliculares da tireoide e corresponde a 3-4% das neoplasias malignas da glândula. Aproximadamente 25% dos casos de CMT são hereditários e decorrentes de mutações ativadoras no proto-oncogene RET (REarranged during Transfection). O CMT é uma neoplasia de curso indolente, com taxas de sobrevida dependentes do estádio tumoral ao diagnóstico. Este artigo descreve diretrizes baseadas em evidências clínicas para o diagnóstico, tratamento e seguimento do CMT. Objetivo O presente consenso, elaborado por especialistas brasileiros e patrocinado pelo Departamento de Tireoide da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, visa abordar o diagnóstico, tratamento e seguimento dos pacientes com CMT, de acordo com as evidências mais recentes da literatura. Materiais e métodos: Após estruturação das questões clínicas, foi realizada busca das evidências disponíveis na literatura, inicialmente na base de dados do MedLine-PubMed e posteriormente nas bases Embase e SciELO – Lilacs. A força das evidências, avaliada pelo sistema de classificação de Oxford, foi estabelecida a partir do desenho de estudo utilizado, considerando-se a melhor evidência disponível para cada questão. Resultados Foram definidas 11 questões sobre o diagnóstico, 8 sobre o tratamento cirúrgico e 13 questões abordando o seguimento do CMT, totalizando 32 recomendações. Como um todo, o artigo aborda o diagnóstico clínico e molecular, o tratamento cirúrgico inicial, o manejo pós-operatório e as opções terapêuticas para a doença metastática. Conclusões O diagnóstico de CMT deve ser suspeitado na presença de nódulo tireoidiano e história familiar de CMT e/ou associação com feocromocitoma, hiperparatireoidismo e/ou fenótipo sindrômico característico, como ganglioneuromatose e habitus marfanoides. A punção aspirativa por agulha fina do nódulo, a dosagem de calcitonina sérica e o exame anatomopatológico podem contribuir na confirmação do diagnóstico. A cirurgia é o único tratamento que oferece a possibilidade de cura. As opções de tratamento da doença metastática ainda são limitadas e restritas ao controle da doença. Uma avaliação pós-cirúrgica criteriosa para a identificação de doença residual ou recorrente é fundamental para definir o seguimento e a conduta terapêutica subsequente.
Crime e Congresso Nacional: uma análise da política criminal aprovada de 1989 a 2006
Authors: Campos Marcelo da Silveira
Published: October 2014

O presente artigo analisa as principais leis aprovadas em segurança pública e justiça criminal no Congresso Nacional brasileiro entre 1989 e 2006. A pesquisa divide-se em dois momentos: 1) mapeamento do material apontando os partidos, estados e casas proponentes; mandatos presidenciais que sancionaram as leis; número de leis aprovadas por ano e o tempo médio de tramitação das leis de acordo com a casa propositora; 2) os tipos gerais (modelos) de punição propostos pelas normas. Proponho a partir do material apresentado que a política de segurança pública no Brasil está em uma disputa na qual coexistem leis que criminalizam novas condutas, leis que recrudescem a punição em relação a um referencial anterior e leis que despenalizam condutas ou buscam efetivar direitos e garantias fundamentais dos acusados.
Satisfação dos familiares com os serviços de saúde mental para crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Thiengo Daianna Lima , Fonseca Diego da , Lovisi Giovanni Marcos
Published: October 2014

Introdução: A avaliação dos familiares sobre a satisfação com os serviços de saúde mental para crianças e adolescentes pode ser particularmente útil, pois tais serviços são os principais provedores de cuidados, o que afeta os resultados do tratamento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a satisfação entre familiares com os serviços de saúde mental infantojuvenil, assim como analisar os fatores associados. Métodos:Busca de artigos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, CAPES Periódicos, LILACS/BIREME, Scopus e PsycINFO entre 1994 e 2014. Foram considerados critérios de inclusão: estudos epidemiológicos observacionais; com instrumentos validados; publicados em inglês, espanhol ou português; e que obtiveram pontuação acima de 12 pontos conforme critérios metodológicos do Checklist for Measuring Quality. Resultados: Em todos os estudos, os familiares estavam satisfeitos com os serviços de atendimento. Os principais fatores associados foram: menor gravidade dos sintomas, maior idade do paciente, maior frequência no serviço e diagnóstico de retardo mental, qualidade no atendimento individual, presença de atendimento familiar, menor nível educacional e cor branca dos familiares. Conclusão: Programas de assistência devem ficar atentos às medidas de satisfação, destacando a necessidade da integração da assistência em saúde mental com o familiar. O conhecimento dessa temática torna-se fundamental para a implantação de melhorias nos programas assistenciais.
Compulsão alimentar e bulimia nervosa em praticantes de exercício físico
Authors: Tramontt Cláudia Raulino , Schneider Cláudia Dornelles , Stenzel Lucia Marques
Published: October 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos nacionais mostram variações na prevalência de compulsão alimentar entre 14,9 a 18,1%, enquanto a bulimia nervosa (BN) apresenta-se em torno de 1 a 3,6%. Indivíduos que apresentam transtornos alimentares procuram espaços onde o exercício físico é estimulado e assim mascaram características da doença, exercitando-se compulsivamente após um episódio de compulsão alimentar.OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência de transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica (TCAP) e bulimia nervosa em praticantes de exercício físico associando ao estado nutricional, modalidade, frequência, duração e objetivo da prática do exercício físico.MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal composto por 103 indivíduos maiores de 18 anos com idade média de 37,7 (DP±15,6) anos, de ambos os sexos, praticantes de exercício físico há pelo menos três meses ininterruptos antes do início da pesquisa. Para análise da prevalência de TCAP e BN foi utilizado o Questionário sobre Alimentação e Peso (QEWP-R) e um questionário específico sobre exercício físico. O estado nutricional foi classificado conforme o IMC.RESULTADOS: A prevalência de TCAP entre os indivíduos praticantes de exercício físico foi de 0,97%. Houve associação entre valores de IMC mais alto (p=0,026), idade menor (para TCAP p=0,036, BN p=0,01) e objetivo da prática de exercício físico declarado "estética" (para TCAP p=0,011 e BN p=0,043) com maiores pontuações nos escores de TCAP e BN.CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de TCAP e BN encontrada neste estudo está de acordo com o referido na literatura internacional. Não foram encontradas associações entre compulsão alimentar e maior frequência de exercício físico.
Numerical and experimental analysis of time-dependent load transfer in reinforced concrete columns
Authors: Kataoka L. T. , Bittencourt T. N.
Published: October 2014

A study was conducted to assess the influence of the steel reinforcement ratio in concrete columns on their properties of creep and shrinkage. Experimental tests and three-dimensional finite element-based simulations of the experimental curves from plain concrete cylinders and plain concrete columns derived by curve fitting were performed using the ACI 209 model available in DIANA 9.3. Columns with longitudinal reinforcement ratios of 0%, 1.4% and 2.8%, loaded to 30% and 40% of their 7-day compressive strength, were investigated. The results indicated that numerical simulation does not predict experimental data for a long period. However, simulations fitted with experimental curves derived from plain concrete columns presented values close to those of experimental data for 91 days.
Oligarquia, mídia e dominação política na Bahia
Authors: Jonas Adriano , Almeida Gilberto W.
Published: October 2014

O objetivo do artigo, escrito em forma de ensaio, é defender o argumento de que a persistência de Antonio Carlos Magalhães na cena política baiana deveu-se ao fato do uso, com prodigalidade, do complexo midiático de propriedade deste político e, assim, influenciar o processo de competição política, levando a nascente democracia baiana pós-ditadura à oligarquização. Paradoxalmente, a popularização da mídia não produziu uma desordem oligárquica na Bahia; pelo contrário, ela se tornou um novo instrumento oligarquizador do regime político. A inserção política das forças conservadoras na Bahia encontra-se, hoje, imbricada com a mídia, resultando numa demonstração prática da complementaridade que se verifica no exercício da política através da mídia. O caso da gestão municipal em Salvador, no período Lídice da Mata, de 1992 a 1996, é apresentado como exemplo de influência da mídia na percepção dos eleitores. São usados dados secundários e entrevistas com antigos assessores da então prefeita. Os autores concluem que há uma nova forma de se fazer política profissional na Bahia, sendo a mídia o vetor desta nova forma de sociabilidade política.
Mudança organizacional, controle e desempenho: a experiência do Banco Central do Brasil com o combate à lavagem de dinheiro
Authors: Jatahy Paulo José de Castro , Vieira Marcelo Milano Falcão
Published: October 2014

Esta pesquisa avalia até que ponto a mudança de mecanismos de controle no Banco Central do Brasil (Bacen) contribui para melhorar o desempenho na sua atividade fim. É um estudo de caso da mudança ocorrida no final de 1999 na diretoria de fiscalização do banco, que implementou uma estrutura de prevenção e combate à lavagem de dinheiro, através do Sistema Financeiro Nacional. O entendimento dos condicionantes e de como ocorreu a mudança, quanto das dimensões e formas de controle organizacional e das diferentes abordagens do desempenho fundamenta teoricamente este estudo. Os dados secundários, básicos para a caracterização das variáveis da pesquisa, foram coletados principalmente em bases de dados, publicações e documentos internos do Banco Central. Os resultados encontrados apontam uma flexibilização significativa da organização, que não teve contrapartida favorável no desempenho medido pelos indicadores selecionados para este estudo. Estes resultados, em retrospecto com a implementação da mudança, sugerem a influência de um conjunto de fatores não considerados nesse processo, tais como a adequação do pessoal e a legitimação da nova forma de trabalho.
Teletrabalho : desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Sakuda Luiz Ojima , Vasconcelos Flávio de Carvalho
Published: October 2014

Este artigo discute o teletrabalho, definido amplamente como "o uso de computadores e telecomunicações para mudar a geografia do trabalho aceita", e que envolve diversos aspectos (econômico, social, cultural, organizacional, tecnológico, ambiental, legal e outros) e diversos atores (organizações, indivíduos, governos, fornecedores de tecnologias de informação, sindicatos e outros). Iniciamos com o contexto no qual o teletrabalho está inserido, o estado da pesquisa, e exploramos seus desafios nos níveis (i) individual, destacando a questão espaço-temporal, sua relação com os conflitos de valores e demandas profissionais e pessoais e o isolamento; (ii) organizacional, com as questões de comunicação, colaboração e unidade de propósito e os desafios da virtualidade e a inserção da gestão do conhecimento neste cenário; e (iii) global, discutimos a importância da localização, os limites e as potencialidades da tecnologia para a flexibilidade espacial. Finalmente, procuramos integrar estes desafios e apontar direções de pesquisa.
Espaço religioso e espaço turístico: significações culturais e ambigüidades no santuário do Caraça/MG
Authors: Pereira Denise , Carrieri Alexandre de Pádua
Published: October 2014

Este artigo procurou elaborar um encontro entre os estudos organizacionais e os temas cultura e espaço. Tem como objetivo evidenciar mudanças das significações culturais dos atores sociais da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Santuário do Caraça, em que parece existir um confronto entre esta ser um espaço religioso e um espaço turístico. Na abordagem empírica, procedeu-se um estudo de caso em que se procurou captar histórias, configurações, fronteiras, ambigüidades, enfim, expressões e significações de dirigentes e funcionários sobre suas próprias realidades. Embasado nas dimensões teóricas e na análise do discurso, este trabalho buscou estudar as diversas entrevistas não estruturadas, realizadas no período de novembro/2002 a junho/2003, no sentido de trazer à tona as mudanças das significações culturais. O Santuário do Caraça e os atores que lá trabalham e vivem estão vendo suas histórias - significações, identidade, imagem - mudarem, assim como o espaço, que era apenas religioso e transforma-se em espaço turístico.
Suitability of Two Prey Species for Development, Reproduction, and Survival ofTenuisvalvae notata(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Barbosa Paulo R R , Oliveira Martin D , Giorgi José A , Oliveira José E M , Torres Jorge B
Published: October 2014

The coccinellid Tenuisvalvae notata (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) has been observed recently in association with the striped mealybug Ferrisia virgata Cockerell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and the false cochineal scale Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. The latter species are important pests of cotton and prickly pear, respectively. In this study, we tested the two scale insects as prey for T. notata. In addition, eggs of Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were tested as possible alternative prey for rearing T. notata. In this work, the survivorship, reproduction, and predation of T. notata were investigated. The coccinellid T. notata was able to complete development only on F. virgata with 83% larval and pupal viability. Females of T. notata fed F. virgata produced 7.6 eggs a day with an eclosion rate of 61.9%. No oviposition occurred while feeding on A. kuehniella eggs. The highest consumption rate of F. virgata occurred during the last larval instar. Our results support the use of T. notata as an agent for the biological control of F. virgata, a highly polyphagous pest worldwide.
A new habitat methodology for river environmental flow requirements
Authors: Fatemi Seyed Ehsan , Vafaie Freydon
Published: October 2014

This paper introduces a new framework for habitat methodology to identify the environmental flow requirements for rivers using bioecological, hydrological and hydraulic criteria. Using the new method, the environmental flow of the Gorganrud River in Iran is calculated for all months of the year using the critical months' ratio as a guide. Although the critical environmental flow is calculated as twice that calculated by the Tennant method, the annual average outflow to the sea is only 1% more. Moreover, there are the same benefits for the two methods, including maintaining flows to the estuary throughout the year and flood risk management around 30% of the time. However, the probability of environmental flow demand in critical months is increased from 67% in the Tennant method to 100% using the new method. There are also positive significant effects on water basin management, such as an emphasis on the maintenance of environmental aspects, specifically in the spring and summer months, in comparison with the Tennant method. The Tennant method is therefore not recommended for use in defining environmental flow in the Gorganrud basin or in the north of Iran.
Improving the efficacy of web‐based educational outreach in ecology
Authors: Goldsmith Gregory R. , Fulton Andrew D. , Witherill Colin D. , Espeleta Javier F.
Published: October 2014

Scientists are increasingly engaging the web to provide formal and informal science education opportunities. Despite the prolific growth of web‐based resources, systematic evaluation and assessment of their efficacy remains limited. We used clickstream analytics, a widely available method for tracking website visitors and their behavior, to evaluate >60,000 visits over three years to an educational website focused on ecology. Visits originating from search engine queries were a small proportion of the traffic, suggesting the need to actively promote websites to drive visitation. However, the number of visits referred to the website per social media post varied depending on the social media platform and the quality of those visits (e.g., time on site and number of pages viewed) was significantly lower than visits originating from other referring websites. In particular, visitors referred to the website through targeted promotion (e.g., inclusion in a website listing classroom teaching resources) had higher quality visits. Once engaged in the site's core content, visitor retention was high; however, visitors rarely used the tutorial resources that serve to explain the site's use. Our results demonstrate that simple changes in website design, content and promotion are likely to increase the number of visitors and their engagement. While there is a growing emphasis on using the web to broaden the impacts of biological research, time and resources remain limited. Clickstream analytics provides an easily accessible, relatively fast and quantitative means by which those engaging in educational outreach can improve upon their efforts.
When I Think about Poverty
Authors: Zeigler Robert S.
Published: October 2014

This month, ASA, CSSA, and SSSA have teamed up with the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) to produce a joint issue under the theme “Feeding the World in 2050.” More than 20 articles were written on various topics addressing the challenges we face in feeding the world, a handful of which appear in this issue of CSA News magazine (for the full presentation, please see ASABE's Resource magazine here: www.asabe.org/publications/resource‐magazine.aspx). In addition to the joint articles, we also are including a profile this issue of the 2014 World Food Prize winner, Sanjaya Rajaram, a Fellow of ASA and CSSA.
A Tribute to Norman Borlaug
Authors: Quinn Kenneth
Published: October 2014

This month, ASA, CSSA, and SSSA have teamed up with the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) to produce a joint issue under the theme “Feeding the World in 2050.” More than 20 articles were written on various topics addressing the challenges we face in feeding the world, a handful of which appear in this issue of CSA News magazine (for the full presentation, please see ASABE's Resource magazine here: www.asabe.org/publications/resource‐magazine.aspx). In addition to the joint articles, we also are including a profile this issue of the 2014 World Food Prize winner, Sanjaya Rajaram, a Fellow of ASA and CSSA.
Unexpected Occurrence of Caffeine in Sleep-Inducing Herbal Teas
Authors: Mathona Caroline , Edder Patrick , Christen Philippe , Bieri Stefan
Published: October 2014

Caffeine acts as a weak psychostimulant and is known to cause trouble with sleeping. Therefore, the presence of caffeine in sleep-aid herbal teas was somewhat surprising, and confirmatory investigations were conducted to exclude any possible misidentification. The botanicals of the
sedative mixtures were analysed individually by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with a time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometer (TOF-HRMS), and caffeine was detected in linden (Tilia spp.) extracts. The presence of caffeine was unambiguously confirmed
by means of its characteristic mass spectrum acquired during direct analyses of powdered linden by thermal desorption coupled to a GC×GC-TOF-MS. Caffeine content was determined in 11 linden-based samples, with a validated UPLC-MS/MS method using two mass transitions. Concentrations were
between traces and 110 mg kg–1 in the herbal material while those in the corresponding prepared sleep-inducing hot beverages ranged from traces to 226 ?g per cup.
Optimization of Chemical Reactor Feed by Simulations Based on a Kinetic Approach
Authors: Guinand Charles , Dabros Michal , Roduit Bertrand , Meyer Thierry , Stoessel Francis
Published: October 2014

Chemical incidents are typically caused by loss of control, resulting in runaway reactions or process deviations in different stages of the production. In the case of fed-batch reactors, the problem generally encountered is the accumulation of heat. This is directly related to the temperature
of the process, the reaction kinetics and adiabatic temperature rise, which is the maximum temperature attainable in the event of cooling failure. The main possibility to control the heat accumulation is the use of a well-controlled adapted feed. The feed rate can be adjusted by using reaction
and reactor dynamic models coupled to Model Predictive Control. Thereby, it is possible to predict the best feed profile respecting the safety constraints.
GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR HEAT TOLERANCE TRAITS IN SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Khan A. A. , Rahman M. Mahbubur , Amin M. F. , Alam M. K. , Alam M. A.
Published: October 2014

The present investigation was undertaken with the objective to identify the extent of genetic diversity for traits related to heat tolerance among 25 currently available spring wheat genotypes under late sowing condition during the cropping season 2009-2010. All genotypes were distributed into five clusters showing considerable genetic divergence for most of the heat tolerant traits under study. The role of grain filling rate and biomass production in both the vectors had the highest contribution to genetic divergence. The positive values of both the vectors for flag leaf senescence, ground coverage, spikes number, 1000-grain weight, grain yield (g m-2) and harvest index indicating high contribution of these traits towards the divergence among 25 genotypes of wheat. Three pair of clusters, viz. I & II, I & III and I & V can be considered for obtaining more heterotic progeny as the genetic distance between these clusters were larger. Considering yield performances, cluster distance and cluster mean the genotype G-22 from cluster I and genotype G-14 from cluster IV may be considered better parents for further breeding of heat tolerance as they showed maximum divergence and high degree of tolerance to heat under late sowing condition. Moreover, the genotype G-22 could be exploited for direct release as a heat tolerant variety after testing under wider range of environments.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v25i2.18663
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Rahman M. M. , Rahman J. , Azad M. A. K. , Barma N. C. D. , Biswash B. K.
Published: October 2014

Thirty local and exotic wheat genotypes were evaluated in alpha lattice design with three replications at the Regional Wheat Research Centre (RWRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Rajshahi during Rabi season of 2010-11. The main objective of this study was to identify the extent of genetic diversity for traits related to drought tolerance mechanism. Genotypes were grouped into five different clusters. Cluster V comprised with the maximum number of genotypes (eleven) followed by cluster III with six and IV with five genotypes. Inter-cluster distance was maximum between clusters I and II (15.03) indicated wide genetic diversity between the genotypes of these two clusters followed by the distance between cluster I and III (14.20). The highest inter genotypic distance (1.5566) was estimated between the genotypes G4 and G18 and the lowest (0.2240) between G13 and G14. Among the characters, early ground coverage, initial plant m-2, days to heading, peduncle length and chlorophyll content of flag leaf at 14 days after anthesis contributed the maximum for divergence in the genotypes investigated. It revealed that these parameters contributed more to grain yield under drought stress. Cluster I had the highest grain yield ha-1, spikes m-2, TDM and LAI at 86 DAS, CTgf, peduncle length and plant height. Cluster II exibitted the lowest days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, CTgf , chlorophyll content at 14 days after anthesis, LAI, TDM and spikes m-2 . Crosses between I and II, I and III, I and IV, III and V and II and V have greater chance to generate more heterotic F1s. Considering magnitude of genetic distance, contribution of different traits towards total divergence, magnitude of cluster means for different traits and performance the genotypes; G30, G6 and G28 of cluster I, G18 and G7 of cluster II and G25, G27 , G19, G2 and G1 of cluster V could be utilized as parents for future hybridization programme to improve drought-tolerant high yielding wheat crop.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v26i1.19977
Between Myth and Reality: The Palestinian Political Elite and the Two-State Solution
Authors: Naser-Najjab Nadia
Published: October 2014

Although the two-state solution originated as a concession to preponderant political realities (specifically Israeli military superiority and international political pressures), it has subsequently become detached from any semblance of reality. While the two-state framework remains an article of faith for the Palestinian leadership, the day-to-day existence of West Bank Palestinians approximates more closely with an apartheid (one-state) reality. In interrogating this Janus-faced construction, the subsequent article seeks to establish whether the peace process should be re-interpreted as a manifestation of deeper divides and splits within the Palestinian body politic
Explorer and Teller of Celluloid Tales: James Wilson – Veteran International Filmmaker and Producer for BBC Scotland
Authors: Munro Kenny
Published: October 2014

The importance of documentary filmmaking as a living medium and its historic contribution to recording and preserving Scotland's culture and international viewpoint cannot be overstated. But before the digital age, where was all this film material stored and what has survived? The current debate on film restoration and public access is ongoing and is illustrated through this article with my personal introduction to veteran BBC film producer James (Jim) Wilson whose enterprising career has documented so much of the twentieth century. Reflecting on this unique creative achievement, the historical context and value of his films, and those of others to society, deserve closer scrutiny. Questions need to be raised regarding government policy on film preservation and how Lottery funding can further support film restoration. Clarification is required, in this case, of possible relaxation to certain BBC licensing agreements to stimulate cooperation. Discussions are in progress which highlight the growing demand for more democratisation and further public access to these celluloid assets which can be quickly forgotten or destroyed. It is therefore encouraging that new partnerships are being forged to identify and restore the vast film collections. Building on the very significant activities of Scottish Screen Archive/National Library of Scotland. They deliver services on several levels including online film archive research/restoration facilities and exhibitions. But there is still a great deal of work to be done in this field. The Wilson film legacy is one such area and a meeting with BBC has been arranged to discuss the future potential of celebrating this special film collection.