bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soziale Ungleichheiten im Zugang und in der Inanspruchnahme von medizinischen Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen
Authors: Fach Eva-Maria , Markert Jenny , Spanier Katja , Bethge Matthias , Schlumbohm Anna , Richter Matthias
Published: April 2021

Ziel der Studie Der Einfluss des sozialen Status auf die Gesundheit ist gut belegt. Für den Bereich der Rehabilitation geben wenige Studien erste Hinweise auf sozial ungleiche Versorgung. Die Studie untersucht anhand einer Risikokohorte der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund die Rolle sozialer Ungleichheiten beim Zugang und in der Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen zur medizinischen Rehabilitation.

Methodik Die Datengrundlage bilden Fragebogendaten der ersten beiden Wellen des Dritten Sozialmedizinischen Panels für Erwerbspersonen (SPE III) sowie administrative Daten der Teilnehmenden (2013–2016). Diese Risikokohorte umfasst 40- bis 54-jährige Erwerbspersonen mit Krankengeldbezug im Jahr 2012. Mittels logistischer Regressionsmodelle wurden Antragstellung, Bewilligung und Ablehnung, Bewilligung nach Widerspruch und Inanspruchnahme von Rehabilitationsleistungen analysiert. Der soziale Status wurde sowohl als sozioökonomischer Status (Index) als auch in der Einzeldimension Bildung als Prädiktor herangezogen. Die Analysen erfolgten getrennt nach Geschlecht. Alter, Erwerbsstatus sowie der subjektive Gesundheitszustand wurden als Kontrollvariablen berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 2376 Versicherte, davon 1284 Frauen, in die Analysen eingeschlossen. 639 (26,9%) stellten mindestens einen Antrag auf Leistungen zur medizinischen Rehabilitation. Die Chance auf Antragstellung war bei Männern mit niedrigem sozioökonomischen Status (OR=1,8; 95%-KI=1,3–2,5) bzw. niedriger (OR=1,9; 95%-KI=1,3–2,8) und mittlerer Bildung (OR=1,5; 95%-KI=1,1–2,2) im Vergleich zur hohen Status- bzw. Bildungsgruppe erhöht. Bei den Frauen zeigte sich bei der Antragstellung ein signifikanter Unterschied zugunsten niedriger Bildung (OR=1,6; 95%-KI=1,1–2,5). Nach Adjustierung des Gesundheitszustandes und der aktuellen Erwerbstätigkeit verschwanden die Unterschiede. Hinsichtlich Bewilligung und Inanspruchnahme zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede nach sozialem Status, jedoch erfolgte bei Frauen mit mittlerer Bildung signifikant häufiger eine Bewilligung auf Grundlage eines Widerspruchverfahrens (OR=3,0; 95%-KI=1,1–8,2) als bei Frauen mit hoher Bildung.

Schlussfolgerung Die Analysen gaben keine Hinweise auf einen sozial ungleichen Zugang oder eine sozial ungleiche Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen zur medizinischen Rehabilitation. Allerdings beantragten Versicherte mit niedrigem sozialen Status insbesondere aufgrund einer schlechteren subjektiven Gesundheit häufiger Leistungen zur medizinischen Rehabilitation. Weitere Untersuchungen sind nötig, um zu überprüfen, ob dies dem objektiven Bedarf dieser Statusgruppe gerecht wird.
39-jährige Frau mit schwerer COVID-19-Pneumonie: Erfolgreiches Weaning nach septischem Schock und Vorfußamputation wegen mikrovaskulärer Komplikationen
Authors: Pinzon D. , Baumgarten D. , Galetke W.
Published: April 2021

Wir präsentieren den Fall einer leicht adipösen 39-jährigen Patientin mit dem schweren Verlauf einer COVID-19-Pneumonie. Die Patientin wurde aus einem Krankenhaus der Regelversorgung mit Verdacht auf eine COVID-19-Pneumonie zugewiesen. Initial bestand die klinische Symptomatik aus Dysurie und Fieber. Im Röntgen-Thorax zeigte sich ein bilaterales Infiltrat. Im CT-Thorax fanden sich beidseits fortgeschrittene COVID-19-typische Veränderungen. Bestätigt wurde die COVID-19-Infektion durch eine positive SARS-CoV-2-PCR aus dem Nasen-Rachen-Abstrich. Bei progredientem ARDS mit respiratorischer Erschöpfung wurde die Patientin intubiert und invasiv beatmet. Unter einem Verdacht auf eine bakterielle Superinfektion leiteten wir eine empirische antibiotische Therapie ein. Es wurde mit Dexamethason begonnen zu behandeln. Zusätzlich wurde ASS und gewichtsadaptiertes halbtherapeutisches niedermolekulares Heparin in die Therapie mit aufgenommen. Im Rahmen der intensivmedizinischen Behandlung entwickelte die Patientin einen fulminanten septischen Schock mit konsekutiver schwerer Thrombozytopenie. Es erfolgte eine dilatative Tracheotomie. Der Weaning-Progress blieb durch rezidivierende septische Schübe erschwert. Als ursächlich für die septischen Schübe konnte eine Nekrose im Bereich des rechten Fußes ausgemacht werden. Bei fehlendem alternativen Fokus erfolgte die chirurgische Sanierung mit Teilamputation. Anschließend blieb die Patientin infektfrei und konnte vom Respirator entwöhnt werden.
Distally Based Peroneus Brevis Muscle Flap for Lower Extremity Defect Reconstruction in Severely Ill Multimorbid Patients
Authors: Schubert Cornelius Dieter , von Freyhold-Hünecken Jochen , Bittrich Thomas , Onken Marie Luise , Tomala Laura , Montenegro Vladan , Elsner Jörg
Published: April 2021

Background Reconstruction of lower extremity soft tissue defects is an exceptional surgical challenge, especially in multimorbid, elderly and severely ill patients with their thin and tense local soft-tissue conditions and increased perioperative risk. The distally based peroneus brevis muscle flap (DPBM), a local flap based on the muscular branches of the fibular artery, could pose a pragmatic solution. The objective of this study was to evaluate and quantify DPBM defect reconstruction in the lower leg, especially in elderly, multimorbid and severely ill patients.

Material and Methods The DPBM as a surgical option in defect reconstruction in multimorbid, elderly, severely ill patients (inclusion criteria: at least 3 pre-existing comorbidities, patient age: at least 55 years, ASA status: at least III) was evaluated in a retrospective single-centre study from 01 April 2014 to 31 December 2019. The electronic SAP health records (EHR) were analysed according to 18 criteria, including patient details, extent of multimorbidity, defect characteristics, clinical outcome, and complications.

Outcome Ten patients with a mean age of 72.6 years, a mean number of 8.5 pre-existing comorbidities and a mean ASA status of 3.1 met the inclusion criteria. The leading causes of defects, each with exposed tendons, bones, joint capsule, or joint, were chronic ulcers (n = 5) and soft tissue defects resulting from fractures (n = 3). In case of DMPB the success rate was 100% (no partial or total loss) with a short operating time (mean: 103 min) and a brief postoperative length of stay (mean: 11 d). In 2 patients (20%), DPBM surgery had to be discontinued intraoperatively and an alternative technique of defect reconstruction had to be adopted. The reasons included impaired muscle perfusion and fatty degeneration of the peroneus brevis muscle.

Conclusion The DPBM flap allows straightforward, fast and safe defect reconstruction in the lower extremity, particularly in elderly, multimorbid and severely ill patients at risk. In patients with inadequate peroneal brevis muscle, however, DMPB surgery should be discontinued intraoperatively and the defect reconstructed using alternative techniques.
Identification of Potential High-Risk Patients on the Basis of PROMs in a Certified Centre for Joint Replacement (EndoProthetikZentrum) Using the Example of Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Osmanski-Zenk Katrin , Klinder Annett , Ellenrieder Martin , Darowski Martin , Goosmann Martin , Mittelmeier Wolfram
Published: April 2021

Background In addition to clinical parameters, the subjective assessment by the patient to evaluate the operative outcome of an arthroplasty is becoming increasingly important. Questionnaires are used to identify patients who have not achieved the treatment goal at an early stage so that further interventions can be indicated.

Material and Methods A questionnaire consisting of different PROMs was completed pre- and 3 months postoperatively by patients who had been treated with a hip arthroplasty. A standardised follow-up examination of these patients was carried out 12 to 16 weeks postoperatively, after which it was determined whether further therapy was necessary to achieve the treatment goal. Different consequences were defined for this.

Results Significant differences were found between the groups of consequences of follow-up examinations over both time points, but also when postoperative scores were considered exclusively. Furthermore, the correlations for the postoperative scores and some consequences of the clinical follow-up for the Oxford Hip Score (OHS), the OHS functional score and the Euroquol-5D show moderate effects. Thus, the collection of these postoperative scores is sufficient to identify potential high risk patients. Based on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, threshold values could be determined for these scores, for which a follow-up examination is recommended.

Conclusion Patients who could not achieve functional improvement, pain reduction and improvement in quality of life after implantation of a total hip replacement must be identified at an early stage. The results of our study show that with the help of the Oxford Hip Score and Euroquol-5D, which are answered by the patients three months postoperatively, such high risk patients can be identified. This finding is an added value for the further development of the EndoCert certification system and holistic quality assurance in arthroplasties, while the personnel and time effort remain manageable.
Injuries after Forklift Trucks Accidents – Injury Patterns, Therapy and Outcome in the Context of the Statutory Accident Insurance
Authors: Ull Christopher , Ehlers Hans , Yilmaz Emre , Lotzien Sebastian , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Reinke Charlotte , Kruppa Christiane
Published: April 2021

Introduction The use of forklift trucks during work has a high accident potential. The aim of this study is to describe injury patterns, treatment and outcome after forklift truck accidents in the context of the employersʼ liability insurance association.

Methods Retrospective data collection of all cases between 2004 and 2019. Excluded were patients < 18 years, without follow-up or with definitive external treatment. Trauma mechanism, injury patterns and distribution, treatment, complications, time of incapacity for work, return to work and impairment of earning capacity were recorded.

Results Of 109 patients with 110 injuries, 52.7% showed isolated injuries and 47.3% combined injuries, which affected the lower extremity in 95 cases. There were fractures in 85.5%, including 32.7% in open form. The mean length of stay was 29.1 days (range 1 – 129); an indication for surgery was seen in 80.9%. Surgical treatment required an average of 3 interventions, with significantly more operations for soft tissue closure than for the fractures (p ≤ 0.023). Amputations were necessary in 8 cases; complications occurred in 29.1%. Return to work was possible in 90%, after a mean period of incapacity for work of 33.6 weeks. A total of 40% showed a pensionable impairment of earning capacity.

Conclusion Accidents with forklift trucks result in complex lower extremities injuries with the need of multi-stage treatment and show relatively high complication rates. A return to work is often possible after a long period of convalescence, and a pensionable impairment of earning capacity often persists.
Histopathology of Microvascular Anastomosis—Comparison of Patent and Nonpatent Anastomosis: An Experimental Study
Authors: Gohil Dhaval , Mohammed Nasser , Mahadevan Anita , Pruthi Nupur
Published: April 2021

Objective To compare the histopathology of patent and nonpatent microvascular anastomosis using rat femoral artery end-to-end anastomosis model.

Materials and Methods In 15 Sprague–Dawley rats, end-to-end anastomosis was performed on the right femoral artery. The classical method was used in four cases and one-way up method in 11 cases. The animals were sacrificed after 2 weeks and the anastomosis was subjected to histopathology. The pathological changes in patent and nonpatent cases were compared.

Results The immediate patency rate and delayed patency (after 2 weeks) rate was 86.7% and 66.7%, respectively. The mean follow-up was 3 months. At sacrifice, 5/15 anastomosis were not patent. Marked subintimal thickening was noted in ⅘ (80%) of the nonpatent group, which was absent in the patent group. Severe loss or fibrosis of tunica media and marked adventitial inflammation were noted in all nonpatent cases (5/5, 100%). As much as ⅘ of the nonpatent cases had poor or indeterminate apposition; in contrast, good apposition was seen in 6/10 (60%) of the patent group. The mean clamp time and mean suturing time were significantly longer in the nonpatent group (69.2 minutes and 53.8 minutes, respectively) as compared with the patent group (48.8 minutes and 31.8 minutes, respectively). A single case that was initially nonpatent was found to have recanalized at 6 months.

Conclusion Minimal intimal injury and reaction, minimal thinning of tunica media, mild-to-moderate adventitial changes, good apposition, and equidistant sutures were associated with a successful microvascular anastomosis. Short duration of vessel clamping time and suturing comes with experience and dedicated practice in a skills laboratory.
Benefits of Bilateral Hearing on the Telephone for Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Miller Sharon , Wolfe Jace , Duke Mila , Schafer Erin , Agrawal Smita , Koch Dawn , Neumann Sara
Published: April 2021

Abstract Background Cochlear implant (CI) recipients frequently experience difficulty understanding speech over the telephone and rely on hearing assistive technology (HAT) to improve performance. Bilateral inter-processor audio streaming technology using nearfield
magnetic induction is an advanced technology incorporated within a hearing aid or CI processor that can deliver telephone audio signals captured at one sound processor to the sound processor at the opposite ear. To date, limited data exist examining the efficacy of this technology in CI users
to improve speech understanding on the telephone. Purpose The primary objective of this study was to examine telephone speech recognition outcomes in bilateral CI recipients in a bilateral inter-processor audio streaming condition (DuoPhone) compared with a monaural condition
(i.e., telephone listening with one sound processor) in quiet and in background noise. Outcomes in the monaural and bilateral conditions using either a telecoil or T-Mic2 technology were also assessed. The secondary aim was to examine how deactivating microphone input in the contralateral
processor in the bilateral wireless streaming conditions, and thereby modifying the signal-to-noise ratio, affected speech recognition in noise. Research Design A repeated-measures design was used to evaluate speech recognition performance in quiet and competing noise with
the telephone signal transmitted acoustically or via the telecoil to the ipsilateral sound processor microphone in monaural and bilateral wireless streaming listening conditions. Study Sample Nine bilateral CI users with Advanced Bionics HiRes 90K and/or CII devices were included
in the study. Data Collection and Analysis The effects of phone input (monaural [DuoPhone Off] vs. bilateral [DuoPhone on]) and processor input (T-Mic2 vs. telecoil) on word recognition in quiet and noise were assessed using separate repeated-measures analysis of variance.
Effect of the contralateral device mic deactivation on speech recognition outcomes for the T-Mic2 DuoPhone conditions was assessed using paired Student's t-tests. Results Telephone speech recognition was significantly better in the bilateral inter-processor streaming
conditions relative to the monaural conditions in both quiet and noise. Speech recognition outcomes were similar in quiet and noise when using the T-Mic2 and telecoil in the monaural and bilateral conditions. For the acoustic DuoPhone conditions using the T-Mic2, speech recognition in noise
was significantly better when the microphone of the contralateral processor was disabled. Conclusion Inter-processor audio streaming allows for bilateral listening on the telephone and produces better speech recognition in quiet and in noise compared with monaural listening
conditions for adult CI recipients.
Luxação anterior recorrente do ombro após traumatismo com fratura apófise coracoide – Uma associação rara
Authors: Ferreira Filomena , Branco Ricardo , Silva Rómulo , Areias Margarida , Oliveira Carolina , Silva Norberto
Published: April 2021

As luxações anteriores representam cerca de 96% do total de luxações do ombro, sendo a recidiva/instabilidade mais comum em pacientes jovens. A lesão de outras estruturas do ombro é frequente, nomeadamente a lesão óssea de Bankart. Contudo, a associação com a fratura da apófise coracoide é muito rara.

Este artigo descreve o caso clínico de um homem de 67 anos que recorreu ao serviço de urgência com queixas de omalgia persistente, com episódios de agudização, iniciados após queda da própria altura. O paciente apresentava ainda histórico de trauma do ombro 3 meses antes, avaliado em outro hospital. A luxação anterior do ombro foi constatada radiograficamente, e a tomografia computorizada (TC) do ombro confirmou erosão óssea da vertente anteroinferior da glenoide (perda óssea de cerca de 50% do diâmetro anteroposterior na região inferior da glenoide), com reabsorção quase completa de lesão óssea de Bankart (aparente em análise a posteriori da radiografia do episódio traumático inicial). Associadamente, foi diagnosticada uma fratura transversa da apófise coracoide (tipo II da classificação de Ogawa). O paciente foi submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico, com confecção do batente ósseo anterior utilizando remanescente do fragmento fraturado do coracoide suplementado por enxerto autólogo tricortical do ilíaco, fixados com parafusos canulados (de acordo com as técnicas de Bristow-Latarjet e Eden-Hybinett).

No seguimento pós-operatório, foi observado um bom resultado funcional, sem novos episódios de luxação e sem queixas álgicas significativas.

Descreve-se uma associação rara de lesões do ombro, e salienta-se o desafio do tratamento das mesmas dado o seu diagnóstico tardio, como no caso apresentado.
Avaliação radiográfica do alinhamento pós-operatório na artroplastia total de joelho
Authors: Thomaz Leonardo Dalla Giacomassa Rocha , Geist João Guilherme Brochado , Lucena Rafael De Luca De , Schwartsmann Carlos Roberto , Freitas Geraldo Luiz Schuck de , Spinelli Leandro de Freitas
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Demonstrar a maior acurácia das radiografias panorâmicas de membros inferiores (longas) em relação às radiografias curtas do joelho na medida do eixo mecânico do membro inferior após a artroplastia total de joelho (ATJ).

Métodos Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo para avaliar a acurácia de imagens radiográficas longas e curtas pós-operatórias de 70 pacientes submetidos à ATJ em nosso serviço. As imagens foram analisadas ao acaso, em momentos distintos, por três ortopedistas. Em todas as imagens, o eixo mecânico do membro, do fêmur e da tíbia foram traçado,s e os ângulos femorotibiais (AFTs) foram calculados. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) foi calculado para avaliar a concordância da medida do eixo mecânico inter e intraobservador.

Resultados Observou-se que houve alta concordância intra e interobservador quando utilizamos radiografias panorâmicas, apresentando CCI mínimo intrae interobservador de 0,89, equivalente a uma concordância fortíssima. Já nas radiografias curtas na incidência anteroposterior (AP) do joelho, o CCI mostrou-se com concordância moderada, obtendo valor máximo de 0,75.

Conclusão Existe uma diferença significativa na acurácia para a medida do eixo mecânico do membro inferior, comparando-se radiografias longas e curtas do membro inferior. Assim, para a adequada mensuração do eixo mecânico do membro inferior, sugerimos a realização de radiografia longa no pós-operatório de ATJ.
Avulsão da eminência tibial em uma fratura do platô tibial – Nossa abordagem: Um caso clínico
Authors: Silva Rómulo , Barreto José , Ferreira Filomena , Areias Margarida , Oliveira Carolina , Alpoim Bruno
Published: April 2021

Uma paciente de meia-idade com fratura do platô tibial e avulsão da eminência tibial foi tratada com uma combinação de fixação do platô com placa medial e sutura da eminência com fio não absorvível auxiliada por artroscopia.

Nossa técnica para fraturas com avulsão da eminência tibial não interfere nos materiais de osteossíntese do platô tibial e, mais uma vez, teve bons resultados no tratamento de lesões combinadas e complexas do joelho.
Erfahrungsbericht: Kaizen im Lean-Hospital-Management als Leitphilosophie
Authors: Neuhold Natasa
Published: April 2021

Das oberösterreichische Gesundheitssystem steht im Hinblick auf die stationäre Versorgungsqualität und Ressourceneffizienz vor vielschichtigen Herausforderungen. Die aktuelle Covid-19-Pandemie hat den diesbezüglichen Handlungsbedarf noch deutlicher aufgezeigt und weist auf die Notwendigkeit der Optimierung im Bereich des Prozess- und Ressourcenmanagement auch im klinischen Betrieb hin.
Entscheidungsabläufe: Crossfunktionale Teams im Krankenhaus-Einkauf
Authors: Schlüchtermann Jörg , Horn Vera
Published: April 2021

Allheilmittel für anspruchsvolle Projekte oder Ritter der Schwafelrunde? Mit definierten Erfolgsfaktoren können crossfunktionale Teams für den Einkauf von Kliniken eine Unterstützung sein.
Orientation analysis of sum frequency generation spectra of di-chain phospholipids: Effect of the second acyl chain
Authors: Fellows Alexander P. , Casford Mike T. L. , Davies Paul B.
Published: April 2021

Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) spectroscopy is widely used for studying the di-chain phospholipid monolayers incorporated in model cell membranes. In this context, it is frequently assumed, without justification, that the chains are identical, so their individual contributions to the SFG spectra are indistinguishable. However, the combination of both attractive and repulsive Van der Waals interactions between the chains results in a finite angle between their two terminal methyl groups, resulting in non-equivalent contributions to the non-linear susceptibility. This work describes the application of the underlying non-linear theory required to produce the accurate SFG spectral simulations needed to test this assertion and therefore provides the necessary quantitative validation. For phospholipids comprising two identical saturated chains, which typically have small angles of divergence, these simulations predict only small deviations in the SFG intensities from those calculated assuming a single methyl orientation. Non-identical tails, however, with differences in the degree or type of chain unsaturation, or in the parity of the chain lengths, show much larger discrepancies than the assumption of a single chain. In these cases, the two tails must be treated as separate entities, and their structural relationship must be incorporated into the interpretation of their SFG spectra. A second important result from the simulations arises from the systematic nature of the deviations, which shows that even small intensity changes should not be quickly dismissed on the basis of being subsumed by the uncertainties associated with spectral noise.
Impact of contact resistance on the performances of graphene field-effect transistor through analytical study
Authors: Islam Md. Rasidul , Shifat A. S. M. Zadid , Liu Kong , Li Qicong , Yang Cheng , Wang Zhijie , Qu Shengchun , Wang Zhanguo
Published: April 2021

Currently, owing to its remarkable electro-mechanical, thermal, and optical properties, graphene has attracted tremendous attention in the research community as one of the most prominent materials in modern electronic technology. In recent years, the graphene field-effect transistor (G-FET) has exhibited outstanding radio frequency performance and unprecedented sensitivity. Generally, the contact or parasitic resistance significantly influences the different characteristics of a large area G-FET. In this work, we have determined the effect of contact resistance from different characteristics of a G-FET. We have found that contact or parasitic resistance has a meaningful impact on the device’s different characteristics, i.e., transfer characteristics, transconductance, cut-off frequency, etc. The analytical results have indicated that the transconductance and cut-off frequency of a G-FET decrease significantly with a higher value of contact resistance. Thereafter, reducing contact resistance according to experimental conditions will predict revolutionary changes in fabrication technology for graphene-based devices.
Mechanical properties of graphene
Authors: Sun Y. W. , Papageorgiou D. G. , Humphreys C. J. , Dunstan D. J. , Puech P. , Proctor J. E. , Bousige C. , Machon D. , San-Miguel A.
Published: April 2021

This paper reviews the mechanical properties of graphene with particular attention to what is established and what is still uncertain. It clarifies the thickness and the elastic constants, and by also considering also phonon frequencies, it argues that “best values” come from graphite, when available. Properties not available from graphite include bending stiffness; this can be determined from studies of carbon nanotubes as well as graphene. In many ways, nanotubes provide access to fundamental properties of graphene, not least because they are the only form of graphene that can be unsupported (unstrained) in vacuum. Environmental effects are considered, including both interactions with substrates and with other solid and liquid media, which may affect the geometrical parameters defining graphene and associated elastic constants. Major uncertainties persist whether slipping or sticking dominates experimental observation, both between graphene and solid media, and between the layers of bilayer and multilayer graphene. The paper concludes with a short discussion of continuum and atomistic models of graphene.
Vapor-phase epitaxial re-growth of large diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Fedotov Pavel V. , Eremina Valentina A. , Musatov Dmitriy A. , Obraztsova Ekaterina A. , Obraztsova Elena D.
Published: April 2021

Long single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a controlled conductivity type or chirality are interesting for fundamental study and are promising in many different technological applications, such as nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and also upon utilizing them as nanoscale reactors to produce nanomaterials. In this study, the long aligned large diameter SWCNTs and the large diameter nanotube dense networks were synthesized via a vapor-phase epitaxial re-growth method. The nanotubes were re-grown on ST (stable temperature)-cut quartz substrates from short SWCNT seeds using the mixture of ethanol and acetylene as a precursor. The efficient nanotube re-growth was achieved using unsorted SWCNTs with diameters of 1.2–2.0 nm and semiconducting SWCNTs, sorted by an aqueous two-phase extraction method, as seeds. According to our study, the re-grown nanotubes in an array have an average length of 5.5 μm, while the individual re-grown nanotubes can reach up to 20–30 μm. The extensive optical study confirms the preservation of SWCNTs diameter during the re-growth and signifies the high quality of produced nanotubes. We demonstrate the SWCNT chirality selective efficiency of the re-growth, which leads to predominance of the metallic nanotubes.
Control of dislocations in heteroepitaxial AlN films by extrinsic supersaturated vacancies introduced through thermal desorption of heteroatoms
Authors: Wang Jiaming , Xu Fujun , Liu Baiyin , Lang Jing , Zhang Na , Kang Xiangning , Qin Zhixin , Yang Xuelin , Wang Xinqiang , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo
Published: April 2021

Efficient reduction of dislocations is a key topic in heteroepitaxial AlN films for optoelectronic or electronic applications. For this purpose, we explore a strategy of supersaturated vacancy engineering to promote the climb and meeting of dislocations. Through the intentional incorporation and subsequent thermal desorption of heteroatoms, the thermodynamic limitation for vacancy concentration under equilibrium conditions is broken, i.e., the concentration depends directly on the desorption number of heteroatoms, instead of formation energy. As such, extrinsic supersaturated vacancies can be introduced, significantly magnifying the climb of dislocations and thus enhancing the probability of dislocation meeting and annihilating. Specifically, the supersaturated vacancy engineering is applied to AlN on sapphire with a lattice mismatch as high as 13.3%, which demonstrates a threading dislocation density of 1.56 × 108 cm−2, one order of magnitude lower than that by conventional methods. Furthermore, 280-nm deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes are fabricated on such AlN template, and the light output power reaches 39.1 mW at 200 mA, 56% better than that without this approach. This study sheds light on the effective control of vacancies and dislocations and then paves the way for heteroepitaxial films of high quality, as well as consequent optoelectronic or electronic devices of high performance.
Observing flat wavefront formation with diffusive transport in microwave graphene with topological insulator protected edges
Authors: Wen Erda , Yang Xiaozhen , Sievenpiper Daniel F.
Published: April 2021

The Dirac singularity in 2D graphene structures theoretically allows pseudo-diffusive transport of photons or phonons, under which condition the energy propagates omnidirectionally, while a constant phase velocity is automatically guaranteed, enabling the formation of a uniform wavefront with a large beam aperture. Although similar phase-reconstruction effects were discussed for phononic graphene, none reported observing or taking advantage of the similar effect in microwave/photonic graphene. The challenge lies in the bulk edges where evanescent Bloch states emerge and interfere with the desired propagating Bloch state. We find that by adopting valley-constrained photonic topological insulator (PTI) protected borders and PTI waveguide, the proper modes are preserved, and we are able to experimentally observe the uniform wavefront generated in an all-dielectric microwave graphene bulk within a few wavelengths. This practically provides a possibility of developing low-profile devices with high directivity such as PTI horns or lenses.
Rare-earth orbital moment contributions to the magnetic anisotropy in magnetostrictive Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2
Authors: Shirazi Paymon , Lee Taehwan , Panduranga Mohanchandra K. , N'Diaye Alpha T. , Barra Anthony , Carman Gregory P.
Published: April 2021

Soft x-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism spectroscopy at the Dy and Tb M4,5 and the Fe L2,3 edges was performed on a sputter deposited polycrystalline Terfenol-D (Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2) film on sapphire substrates at temperatures from 100 to 300 K to evaluate the elementwise contribution to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and coercive field. The elemental spin and orbital magnetic moments were calculated using the x-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism sum rules. As temperatures decreased, the Tb and Fe moments plateau at 200 K with values of 7.6 μB/atom and 1.8 μB/atom, respectively, while the Dy moment increases to 8.9 μB/atom at 100 K. Between 300 and 200 K, the change in magnetic anisotropy is dominated by thermally induced magnetoelastic effects while for temperatures below 200 K magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) changes are dominant. The MCA changes below 200 K appear to be due to increases in the Dy orbital moment with decreasing temperature in this temperature regime.
Homeostatic regulation of T follicular helper and antibody response to particle antigens by IL-1Ra of medullary sinus macrophage origin
Authors: Lin Xinwen , Twelkmeyer Trix , Zhu Danming , Zhang Li , Zhao Yang , Zhang Chao , Iwakura Yoichiro , Meng Guangxun , Hua Zhaolin , Yan Bingyu , Liu William J. , Luo Zhongguang , Gong Sitang , Chen Hairong , Li Shuran , Hou Baidong , Tang Hong
Published: April 2021

Significance

Although the global hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination program has been overwhelmingly successful, it still carries 5% to 10% of nonresponders at risk for HBV infection. The key immunoregulatory factors preventing the desired humoral protection are still poorly defined. This work has not only addressed fundamental mechanisms of how lymph node sinus macrophages regulate immunogenicity of particle antigens like HBV vaccine but also suggested interleukin-1 receptor antagonist neutralization might be a viable strategy to boost antibody response in these nonresponders.
Large ecosystem-scale effects of restoration fail to mitigate impacts of land-use legacies in longleaf pine savannas
Authors: Brudvig Lars A. , Turley Nash E. , Bartel Savannah L. , Bell-Dereske Lukas , Breland Sabrie , Damschen Ellen I. , Evans Sarah E. , Gibbs Jason , Hahn Philip G. , Isaacs Rufus , Ledvina Joe A. , Orrock John L. , Sorenson Quinn M. , Stuhler John D.
Published: April 2021

Significance

The restoration of degraded ecosystems is a global priority, yet successful restoration is challenged by the lingering degrading impacts of human land-use activities, like agriculture. Using a large-scale experiment within the longleaf pine ecosystem, we evaluate how 45 abiotic and biotic ecological properties are affected by legacies of past farming and conversion to pine plantations, as well as contemporary restoration activities to reinstate savanna conditions. Restoration had large and beneficial effects on this ecosystem regardless of land-use history, but a suite of conditions remained persistently altered by land-use legacies even after restoration. Ongoing advances to ecosystem restoration should target persistent legacy effects, to maximize the conservation potential of ecosystems recovering from intensive human use.
GPR182 is an endothelium-specific atypical chemokine receptor that maintains hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis
Authors: Le Mercier Alan , Bonnavion Remy , Yu Weijia , Alnouri Mohamad Wessam , Ramas Sophie , Zhang Yang , Jäger Yannick , Roquid Kenneth Anthony , Jeong Hyun-Woo , Sivaraj Kishor Kumar , Cho Haaglim , Chen Xinyi , Strilic Boris , Sijmonsma Tjeerd , Adams Ralf , Schroeder Timm , Rieger Michael A. , Offermanns Stefan
Published: April 2021

Significance

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important regulators of cellular and biological functions and are primary targets of therapeutic drugs. About 100 mammalian GPCRs are still considered orphan receptors because they lack a known endogenous ligand. We report the deorphanization of GPR182, which is expressed in endothelial cells of the microvasculature. We show that GPR182 is an atypical chemokine receptor, which binds CXCL10, 12, and 13. However, binding does not induce downstream signaling. Consistent with a scavenging function of GPR182, mice lacking GPR182 have increased plasma levels of chemokines. In line with the crucial role of CXCL12 in hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis, we found that loss of GPR182 results in increased egress of hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow.
Capillary equilibrium of bubbles in porous media
Authors: Wang Chuanxi , Mehmani Yashar , Xu Ke
Published: April 2021

Significance

We show how pore geometry modulates the capillary equilibrium states of a trapped bubble inside a porous medium using a simple conceptual model. The model explains recently published data on bubbles trapped in porous rock samples. We explain the counterintuitive observation that bubbles with large surface areas in the subsurface can remain thermodynamically stable for geologically long times. The stability is the result of a modified relationship between a bubble’s surface free energy and volume due to geometric confinement. The implications are relevant to applications ranging from petroleum recovery, to CO2sequestration, to groundwater oxygen supply, and to fuel-cell water management.
Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove).
Authors: Pasiec Nick
Published: April 2021

A datasheet on Rhizophora mangle covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.
Affleck-Dine inflation in supergravity
Authors: Kawasaki Masahiro , Ueda Shusuke
Published: April 2021

Affleck-Dine inflation is a recently proposed model in which
a single complex scalar field, nonminimally coupled to gravity,
drives inflation and simultaneously generates the baryon asymmetry
of universe via Affleck-Dine mechanism. In this paper we
investigate the supersymmetric implementation of Affleck-Dine
inflation in the use of two chiral superfields with appropriate
superpotential and Kähler potential. The scalar potential has a
similar form to the potential of original Affleck-Dine inflation,
and it gives successful inflation and baryogenesis. We also
consider the isocurvature perturbation evolving after crossing the
horizon, and find that it is ignorable and hence consistent with the
observations.
Fundamental limits on constraining primordial non-Gaussianity
Authors: Kalaja Alba , Meerburg P. Daniel , Pimentel Guilherme L. , Coulton William R.
Published: April 2021

We study the cosmic variance limit on constraining
primordial non-Gaussianity for a variety of theory-motivated
shapes. We consider general arguments for 2D and 3D surveys, with a
particular emphasis on the CMB. A scale-invariant N-point
correlator can be measured with a signal-to-noise that naively
scales with the square root of the number of observed modes. This
intuition generally fails for two reasons. First, the
signal-to-noise scaling is reduced due to the blurring of the last
scattering surface at short distances. This blurring is caused by
the combination of projection and damping, but the loss of signal is
not due to exponential decay, as both signal and noise are equally
damped. Second, the behavior of the N-point correlator in the
squeezed and collapsed (for N > 3) limits can enhance the scaling of
the signal-to-noise with the resolution, even with a reduced range
of momenta probing these limits. We provide analytic estimates for
all N-point correlators. We show that blurring affects
equilateral-like shapes much more than squeezed ones. We discuss
under what conditions the optimistic scalings in the collapsed limit
can be exploited. Lastly, we confirm our analytical estimates with
numerical calculations of the signal-to-noise for local, orthogonal
and equilateral bispectra, and local trispectra. We also show that
adding polarization to intensity data enhances the scaling for
equilateral-like spectra.
The imitation game: Proca stars that can mimic the Schwarzschild shadow
Authors: Herdeiro Carlos A.R. , Pombo Alexandre M. , Radu Eugen , Cunha Pedro V.P. , Sanchis-Gual Nicolas
Published: April 2021

Can a dynamically robust bosonic star (BS) produce an (effective) shadow that mimics that of a black hole (BH)? We focus on models of spherical BSs with free scalar or vector fields, as well as with polynomial or axionic self-interacting fields. The BH shadow is linked to the existence of light rings (LRs). For free bosonic fields, yielding mini-BSs, it is known that these stars can become ultra-compact — i.e., possess LRs — but only for perturbatively unstable solutions. We show this remains the case even when different self-interactions are considered.
However, an effective shadow can arise in a different way: if BSs reproduce the existence of an innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) for timelike geodesics (located at r
ISCO = 6M for a Schwarzschild BH of mass M), the accretion flow morphology around BHs is mimicked and an effective shadow arises in an astrophysical environment. Even though spherical BSs may accommodate stable timelike circular orbits all the way down to their centre, we show the angular velocity Ω along such orbits may have a maximum away from the origin, at R
Ω; this scale was recently observed to mimic the BH's ISCO in some scenarios of accretion flow. Then: (i) for free scalar fields or with quartic self-interactions, R
Ω ≠ 0 only for perturbatively unstable BSs; (ii) for higher scalar self-interactions, e.g. axionic, R
Ω ≠ 0 is possible for perturbatively stable BSs, but no solution with R
Ω = 6M was found in the parameter space explored; (iii) but for free vector fields, yielding Proca stars, perturbatively stable solutions with R
Ω ≠ 0 exist, and indeed R
Ω = 6M for a particular solution. Thus, dynamically robust spherical Proca stars succeed in the imitation game: they can mimic the shadow of a (near-)equilibrium Schwarzschild BH with the same M, in an astrophysical environment, despite the absence of a LR, at least under some observation conditions, as we confirm by explicitly comparing the lensing of such Proca stars and Schwarzschild BHs.
Method for calculating coupling coefficient in W-type multimode optical fibers
Authors: Savović S , Djordjevich A
Published: April 2021

A simple method is proposed for determining the mode coupling coefficient D in W-type (double clad) multimode optical fibers. It only requires the observation of the far-field output pattern for one fiber length with the input light launched centrally along the fiber axis (θ
0= 0). For illustration, the coupling coefficient determined by this simple method for a W-type multimode glass optical fiber was used to calculate the coupling length L
c at which the equilibrium mode distribution is achieved.
A crossed focused vortex beam with application to cold molecules*
Authors: Xia Meng , Yin Yaling , Pei Chunying , Ye Yuer , Gu Ruoxi , Yan Kang , Wu Di , Xia Yong , Yin Jianping
Published: April 2021

We report the generation of a crossed, focused, optical vortex beam by using a pair of hybrid holograms, which combine the vortex phase and lens phase onto a spatial light modulator. We study the intensity distributions of the vortex beam in free propagation space, and the relationship of its dark spot size with the incident Gaussian beam’s waist, the lens’s focal length, and its orbital angular momentum. Our results show that the crossed, focused, vortex beam’s dark spot size can be as small as 16.3 μm and adjustable by the quantum number of the orbital angular momentum, and can be used to increase the density of trapped molecules. Furthermore, we calculate the optical potential of the blue-detuned, crossed vortex beam for MgF molecules. It is applicable to cool and trap neutral molecules by intensity-gradient-induced Sisyphus cooling, as the intensity gradient of such vortex beam is extremely high near the focal point.
Spectral filtering of dual lasers with a high-finesse length-tunable cavity for rubidium atom Rydberg excitation*
Authors: Liu Yang-Yang , Fu Zhuo , Xu Peng , He Xiao-Dong , Wang Jin , Zhan Ming-Sheng
Published: April 2021

We propose and demonstrate an alternative method for spectral filtering and frequency stabilization of both 780-nm and 960-nm lasers using a high-finesse length-tunable cavity (HFLTC). Firstly, the length of HFLTC is stabilized to a commercial frequency reference. Then, the two lasers are locked to this HFLTC using the Pound–Drever–Hall (PDH) method which can narrow the linewidths and stabilize the frequencies of both lasers simultaneously. Finally, the transmitted lasers of HFLTC with each power up to about 100 μW, which act as seed lasers, are amplified using the injection locking method for single-atom Rydberg excitation. The linewidths of obtained lasers are narrowed to be less than 1 kHz, meanwhile the obtained lasers’ phase noise around 750 kHz are suppressed about 30 dB. With the spectrally filtered lasers, we demonstrate a Rabi oscillation between the ground state and Rydberg state of single-atoms in an optical trap tweezer with a decay time of (67 ± 37) μs, which is almost not affected by laser phase noise. We found that the maximum short-term laser frequency fluctuation of a single excitation lasers is at ∼3.3 kHz and the maximum long-term laser frequency drift of a single laser is ∼46 kHz during one month. Our work develops a stable and repeatable method to provide multiple laser sources of ultra-low phase noise, narrow linewidth, and excellent frequency stability, which is essential for high precision atomic experiments, such as neutral atom quantum computing, quantum simulation, quantum metrology, and so on.
Exact relations for two-photon-exchange effect in elastic ep scattering by dispersion relation and hadronic model *
Authors: Cao Hui-Yun , Zhou Hai-Qing
Published: April 2021

The two-photon-exchange (TPE) effect plays a key role in extracting the form factors (FFs) of the proton. In this work, we discuss several exact properties of the TPE effect in the elastic

scattering. By taking four low energy interactions as examples, we analyze kinematical singularities, asymptotic behaviors, and branch cuts of TPE amplitudes. The analytical expressions clearly indicate several exact relations between the dispersion relation (DR) and hadronic model (HM) methods. This suggests that the two methods must be modified to general forms, while novel forms yield the same results. After the modification, new DRs include a non-trivial term with two singularities. Furthermore, new DRs automatically include contributions due to the seagull interaction, meson-exchange effect, contact interactions, and off-shell effect. To analyze the elastic

scattering data sets, the new forms must be used.
Indoor navigation system using radio tomography
Authors: Styła M , Adamkiewicz P , Niderla K , Rymarczyk T
Published: April 2021

The article describes a non-invasive radio tomography system aimed at increasing the accuracy of tracking objects inside buildings. It uses electromagnetic waves with frequencies from ISM 2.4 GHz band, thanks to which it covers such communication protocols as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and ZigBee. It is primarily intended to detect organic life forms such as humans. The result of its operation is 2D imaging in the form of a heat map.
CT and the Readiness of the Education in Jakarta to Face VUCA Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Authors: Yani Achsan Harry Tursulistyono , Wibowo Wahyu Catur , Harsanti Putri Wahyuningdiah Trisari , Hendrowati Retno , Dikara Barcah Quintin Kurnia
Published: April 2021

Jakarta as the capital city is viewed as the barometer of every city in Indonesia. The city preparedness to face VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and Ambiguity) caused by Covid-19 pandemic is also in the national spotlight. One of the main solutions to face VUCA is Computational Thinking (CT). CT provides the ability to approach VUCA characteristics by systematically ingraining abstraction, algorithmic thinking, decomposition, and pattern recognition in mind. For this reason, Jakarta plans to disseminate this concept to students as early as possible, namely by embedding CT to every subject in primary and secondary schools. The activity began with online CT socialization, which was attended by 1,761 teachers, of which 238 via Google Meet and 1,523 via live streaming. In this activity we also distributed questionnaires to 258 elementary and junior high school teachers spread across 41 sub-districts of 44 sub-districts in Jakarta. The result is that 93.8% of teachers in Jakarta do not understand CT, excitingly 69.4% of teachers wish to teach CT in the subjects they can afford even though it is not compulsory, but if it is obligatory then all teachers will implement it.
A proposal of the hybrid energy transfer pipe
Authors: Ivanov Yury V , Watanabe Hirofumi , Chikumoto Noriko , Inoue Noriyuki , Takano Hirohisa , Kanda Masae , Yamaguchi Satarou
Published: April 2021

Among the many modifications of superconducting power transmission lines, hybrid lines stand out for their originality. Their design implies the joint transmission of cold liquid fuel through the pipe and electricity through the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable cooled by this fuel directly or indirectly. Currently, the critical temperatures of HTS materials are low and that means that only liquid hydrogen can be the “cooling fuel”. It is known that natural gas is a viable alternative to hydrogen as a chemical fuel for many reasons. Since its boiling temperature is too high, the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in hybrid lines is considered only in the future when suitable HTS materials will be discovered. Assuming that LNG cannot be used to cool HTS cable over the coming years, we propose to combine the LNG pipeline and the cable pipelines cold by liquid nitrogen in the common heat-insulating pipe. In addition to the considerable economic effect due to the common thermal insulation, the LNG cold will be utilized to cool the radiation shield that prevents the penetration of heat to the cable pipes.