bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Improved Analysis of Local Search for Max-Sum Diversification
Authors: Cevallos Alfonso , Eisenbrand Friedrich , Zenklusen Rico
Published: September 2019

We present new techniques to analyze natural local search algorithms for several variants of the max-sum diversification problem which, in its most basic form, is as follows: given an n-point set [Formula: see text] and an integer k, select k points in X so that the sum of all of their [Formula: see text] Euclidean distances is maximized. This problem has recently received a lot of attention in the context of information retrieval and web search. We focus on distances of negative type, a class that includes Euclidean distances of unbounded dimension, as well as several other natural distances, including nonmetric ones. We prove that local search over these distances provides simple and fast polynomial-time approximation schemes (PTASs) for variants that are constrained by a matroid or even a matroid intersection, and asymptotically optimal O(1)-approximations when combining the sum-of-distances objective with a monotone submodular function.
The use of direct resin composite restorations in the management of localized anterior tooth wear: A clinical update part 1
Authors: Hansrani Virat Kumar , Barazanchi Abdullah , Laverty Dominic , Brunton Paul
Published: September 2019

The aim of this article is to provide the reader with the necessary information to manage localized anterior tooth wear cases successfully using minimally invasive and conservative methods in a general dental practice setting. This article will focus on the use of direct resin composite restorations. It will provide an update on the different techniques available to restore anterior tooth wear using direct resin composite and its method of application.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Numerous epidemiological studies have reported tooth wear to be increasing in incidence amongst the general population. This article aims to describe a methodical conservative approach for the management of worn teeth.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Zakrzewska Joanna M
Published: September 2019

Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most severe facial pains that patients can experience. This unpredictable, episodic pain, mostly unilateral in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, results in recurrent shooting pain lasting for seconds to minutes. It is light touch provoked and therefore prevents patients from eating and touching their face, and so has a significant impact on quality of life. Patients often consult a dentist because it usually presents like dental pain. Dentists need to avoid irreversible dental treatment. Response to carbamazepine is good but tolerability is poor. Surgical options are available and are generally successful. Patients can gain further information from a patient support group, such as Trigeminal Neuralgia Association UK.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Although rare, trigeminal neuralgia patients often present to dentists who therefore need to recognize it as a non-dental cause of pain in order to avoid irreversible dental treatment.
Prescribing challenges following bariatric surgery
Authors: Waldock Colin , Bedford David
Published: September 2019

Obesity is an increasing problem in the UK, with over half of the population being overweight or obese. The use of gastric surgery is increasing, with a 5% increase in 2016/17 compared to 2015/16. However, little is known about ideal drug formulations after bariatric surgery. An exploratory literature search of research databases was carried out to address this. The authors found that there was a dearth of high-quality primary studies available, with many studies using low numbers of participants. The major finding was of the need for increased vigilance and monitoring of patients after surgery.
Rethinking child protection and adoption: achieving social justice in practice
Authors: Stevens Clarissa , Proctor Fran , Rishworth Barbara , Boorman Amanda , Unwin Abbie , Featherstone Brid , Bilson Andy
Published: September 2019

This article presents contributions made at the ‘Rethinking Fostering and Adoption: Achieving Social Justice in Practice’ plenary at the 2019 Social Work Action Network conference. The contributors write from a variety of vantage points but share the view that the current child protection and adoption system in England requires radical transformation in order to become more humane, supportive and socially just. The article begins with an outline of the ‘investigative turn’ in children’s services and key findings from the adoption enquiry of the British Association of Social Workers. It goes on to argue, from lived experience perspectives, that we urgently need a new kind of children’s social care system that foregrounds support, rights, social inclusion and trauma prevention.
El cuento como señuelo: la firma de Francisco de Paula Mellado en el Museo de las familias
Authors: Amores García Montserrat
Published: September 2019

El artículo analiza las narraciones firmadas con diferentes rúbricas por Francisco de Paula Mellado en el Museo de las Familias (1843-1870), con el propósito de recabar suscriptores para sus publicaciones. La autora analiza los diferentes recursos utilizados por el editor, entre los que se encuentran las adaptaciones de textos franceses con referencias explícitas a la revista, la vinculación de narraciones publicadas en el Museo con otras obras del catálogo de Mellado o la relación de acontecimientos presentados como verídicos en los que el narrador se ve involucrado.
El cuento «El alud» de Jaime Quiroga Pardo-Bazán o el negativo de Los Pazos de Ulloa
Authors: Freire López Ana María
Published: September 2019

Se analizan en este artículo las llamativas semejanzas del cuento «El alud» (1904), firmado por Jaime Quiroga, hijo de Emilia Pardo Bazán, con la novela de su madre Los Pazos de Ulloa (1886). Tales semejanzas permiten entrever a la escritora detrás de este cuento, que podría ser una primera aproximación al tema que, con mayor riqueza argumental y fuerza narrativa desarrolló doña Emilia en Los Pazos de Ulloa.
Ramón Mª del Valle-Inclán, El Ruedo Ibérico, edición de Diego Martínez Torrón, Madrid, Cátedra, 2017.
Authors: López Pastor Beatriz
Published: September 2019

Reseña de: Ramón Mª del Valle-Inclán, El Ruedo Ibérico, edición de DiegoMartínez Torrón, Madrid, Cátedra, 2017. ISBN: 9788437635248.
Inclusión digital: un reto para la organización, planificación y didáctica escolar
Authors: Gil-Quintana Javier , Cano-Alfaro Alejandro
Published: September 2019

La inclusión digital se plantea como un auténtico reto en el ámbito de la organización escolar, la planificación curricular y la didáctica. En este artículo presentamos un estudio multicaso de distintos centros educativos públicos españoles con el fin de analizar las variables que dificultan una verdadera inclusión digital, que posibilite la implicación del profesorado, el alumnado y las familias en la participación de la sociedad digital. Dicho estudio se desarrolla desde una metodología cuantitativa, partiendo de la recopilación de datos a través de cuestionarios a 1282 estudiantes de Educación Primaria. Concluimos que el alumnado de Educación Primaria, con sus familias, hace uso de Internet en los ámbitos educativos no formales. En cambio, la presencia de la exclusión digital en los centros educativos de España se pone de manifiesto en la falta de prácticas que integren la tecnología en las aulas, como objeto de estudio y recurso didáctico, y la necesidad de formación del profesorado en este ámbito.
Un amigo para Frank (2012) de Jake Schreier: un robot con función sanitaria y social
Authors: Icart Isern M Teresa , Pulpón Segura Anna M , Díaz Membrives Montserrat , Icart Isern M Carme
Published: September 2019

El empleo de robots con finalidades diversas es una realidad que va en aumento desde los primeros prototipos industriales del siglo XIX. En este artículo se parte de la definición de robot, se aborda su evolución y algunas de sus prestaciones en los ámbitos sanitario y social. A continuación, Un amigo para Frank (2012) de Jake Schreier sirve para analizar la función que cumple un robot asistente al servicio de un anciano solitario que presenta cierto deterioro cognitivo. Finalmente, se presentan algunos ejemplos de las funciones que cumplen los robots en la atención de ancianos con diferente grado de dependencia. Estas funciones anticipan el papel de los androides como auxiliares indispensables de los cuidados del futuro tanto en el hogar como en las residencias.
Dry preservation of Toxocara vitulorum by plastination technique
Authors: Kumar Niranjan , Solanki Jayesh B. , Shil Prabhakar , Patel Dharmesh C. , Meneka Ramasamy , Chaurasia Shailendra
Published: September 2019

Background and Aim: The most widely adopted technique to preserve the gross specimen of the parasite is immersions and storage in liquid preservatives. The present study aimed to describe the dry method of the preservation of Toxocara vitulorum using plastination technique.

Materials and Methods: Acetone dehydrated parasites were incubated at –20°C for 1 month in five different plastination solutions, prepared by mixing melamine and turpentine oil with clove oil (MTCl)/chloroform (MTC)/isopropanol (MTI)/benzene (MTB)/xylene (MTX) in 1:1:1 ratio to infiltrate the polymer. Technical personnel was asked to assign weekly score for dryness, stickiness, shrinkage, glossiness, flexibility, and odor of the prepared model on a 5-point scale.

Results: Overall, the plastinated parasites were dry, non-sticky, glossy, odorless, chemical-free, harmless, to some extent flexible, with detectable morphological structure including natural form but lost their natural color, and cuticle became translucent. A varying level of shrinkage was noted in all types of plastinated model, but it was least in MTCl model. One month post-plastination, the mean evaluation score for glossiness was maximum in the parasite plastinated in MTCl solution (4.50±0.17), followed by MTC (3.72±0.32), MTX (3.56±0.38), MTB (2.83±0.37), and MTI (2.31±0.33). Likewise, for flexibility, the score was maximum in the parasite plastinated in MTCl solution (4.36±0.16), followed by MTB (3.11±0.14), MTC (2.94±0.41), MTX (2.75±0.41), and MTI (1.97±0.28). The degree of dryness, stickiness, and odor of the prepared model varies non-significantly (p>0.05) with the polymer mixtures. Maximum shrinkage percentage in terms of length and width was 4.24% and 50%, respectively, in the parasites plastinated in MTB solution. Shrinkage percentage was minimal (1.81% in length and 25% in width) in the MTCl plastinated parasites. Shrinkage percentage in terms of dimension was statistically non-significant among the different polymer solutions. Plastinated models withstand the process of microbial decomposition. There were 5 and 11 odd points in favor of plastination and formalin preservation technique, respectively.

Conclusion: The prepared T. vitulorum model in MTCl can be used as an adjunct to the parasite preserve in 10% formalin solution. The plastination technique can be used as an alternative method of liquid preservation.
SERUM FETUIN-A LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Papichev E. V. , Zavodovsky B. V. , Sivordova L. E. , Akhverdyan Yu. R. , Polyakova Yu. V.
Published: September 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the second most common rheumatic disease. In recent decades, there has been an active search for and study of biologically active substances involved in the pathogenesis of RA, which can serve as a starting point in designing new drugs for targeted therapy of this disease. The hepatokine fetuin-A (FA) is one of these substances.Objective: to investigate serum FA levels in patients with RA.Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 110 patients with RA. All the patients underwent the following set of studies: general blood test and determination of the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum FA, rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies, cartilage degradation products (CartiLaps), and urine creatinine. A control group consisted of 30 apparently healthy individuals whose serum FA level was determined in order to obtain reference values.Results and discussion. The normal FA level varied from 653.55 to 972.19 μg/ml. All the patients with RA were divided into two groups: 1) 23 patients with a low FA level (<653.55 μg/ml) and 2) 87 patients with a normal FA levels (≥653.55 μg/ml). The groups differed significantly in anti-CCP antibody concentrations, disease activity, radiological stages, functional classes, and the presence of complications. Patients with lower FA levels were noted to have increased CRP concentrations, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and CartiLaps/urine creatinine ratio. The mean FA concentration was considerably and significantly lower in patients with higher DAS28 scores. Conclusion. Our investigation has revealed that there is a relationship between the levels of FA and the individual clinical manifestations of RA. The lower FA level is associated with higher disease activity and the aggressive phenotype of RA (the presence of anti-CCP antibodies, radiological stages III and IV, extra-articular manifestations and complications).
The effect of design based science education applications of science teacher candidates on their perceptions of engineering education and engineer
Authors: Ergün Ayşegül , Kıyıcı Gülbin
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Design Based Science Education (DBSE) applications on the perceptions of science teacher candidates about engineering education and engineers. In the quantitative part of the study in which the mixed method was involved, a semi-experimental design with single group pre-test post-test was used while a case study design was adopted in the qualitative part of the study. The study group of the research consisted of 52 juniors who were receiving education at a university in the Aegean Region in the 2016-2017 academic year. The quantitative data of the study were obtained through the 'Engineering Education Survey' and the qualitative data through 'Draw an Engineer Test.’ The quantitative data were analyzed using a statistics software program and the qualitative data through content analysis. It was determined as a result of the study that DBSE applications positively affect the perceptions of teacher candidates about engineering education and engineers. It was also determined that the teacher candidates' stereotypical perceptions about engineers being male and working on their own decreased and their perceptions about the work area and activities of engineers changed in a positive manner. In the light of the findings obtained in the study, the importance of design based applications in STEM education was underlined.
Example-driven query intent discovery
Authors: Fariha Anna , Meliou Alexandra
Published: September 2019

Traditional relational data interfaces require precise structured queries over potentially complex schemas. These rigid data retrieval mechanisms pose hurdles for non-expert users, who typically lack language expertise and are unfamiliar with the details of the schema.
Query by Example
(QBE) methods offer an alternative mechanism: users provide examples of their intended query output and the QBE system needs to infer the intended query. However, these approaches focus on the structural similarity of the examples and ignore the richer context present in the data. As a result, they typically produce queries that are too general, and fail to capture the user's intent effectively. In this paper, we present SQuID, a system that performs
semantic similarity-aware query intent discovery
. Our work makes the following contributions: (1) We design an end-to-end system that automatically formulates select-project-join queries in an
open-world
setting, with optional group-by aggregation and intersection operators; a much larger class than prior QBE techniques. (2) We express the problem of query intent discovery using a
probabilistic abduction model
, that infers a query as the most likely explanation of the provided examples. (3) We introduce the notion of an
abduction-ready
database, which precomputes semantic properties and related statistics, allowing SQuID to achieve real-time performance. (4) We present an extensive empirical evaluation on three real-world datasets, including user-intent case studies, demonstrating that SQuID is efficient and effective, and outperforms machine learning methods, as well as the state-of-the-art in the related query reverse engineering problem.
Hillview
Authors: Budiu Mihai , Gopalan Parikshit , Suresh Lalith , Wieder Udi , Kruiger Han , Aguilera Marcos K.
Published: September 2019

Hillview is a distributed spreadsheet for browsing very large datasets that cannot be handled by a single machine. As a spread-sheet, Hillview provides a high degree of interactivity that permits data analysts to explore information quickly along many dimensions while switching visualizations on a whim. To provide the required responsiveness, Hillview introduces visualization sketches, or
vizketches
, as a simple idea to produce compact data visualizations. Vizketches combine algorithmic techniques for data summarization with computer graphics principles for efficient rendering. While simple, vizketches are effective at scaling the spreadsheet by parallelizing computation, reducing communication, providing progressive visualizations, and offering precise accuracy guarantees. Using Hillview running on eight servers, we can navigate and visualize datasets of tens of billions of rows and trillions of cells, much beyond the published capabilities of competing systems.
Embedded functional dependencies and data-completeness tailored database design
Authors: Wei Ziheng , Link Sebastian
Published: September 2019

We establish a robust schema design framework for data with missing values. The framework is based on the new notion of an embedded functional dependency, which is independent of the interpretation of missing values, able to express completeness and integrity requirements on application data, and capable of capturing many redundant data value occurrences. We establish axiomatic and algorithmic foundations for reasoning about embedded functional dependencies. These foundations allow us to establish generalizations of Boyce-Codd and Third normal forms that do not permit any redundancy in any future application data, or minimize their redundancy across dependency-preserving decompositions, respectively. We show how to transform any given schema into application schemata that meet given completeness and integrity requirements and the conditions of the generalized normal forms. Data over those application schemata are therefore fit for purpose by design. Extensive experiments with benchmark schemata and data illustrate our framework, and the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms, but also provide quantified insight into database schema design trade-offs.
An IDEA
Authors: Wang Xikui , Carey Michael J.
Published: September 2019

Big Data today is being generated at an unprecedented rate from various sources such as sensors, applications, and devices, and it often needs to be enriched based on other reference information to support complex analytical queries. Depending on the use case, the enrichment operations can be compiled code, declarative queries, or machine learning models with different complexities. For enrichments that will be frequently used in the future, it can be advantageous to push their computation into the ingestion pipeline so that they can be stored (and queried) together with the data. In some cases, the referenced information may change over time, so the ingestion pipeline should be able to adapt to such changes to guarantee the currency and/or correctness of the enrichment results.

In this paper, we present a new data ingestion framework that supports data ingestion at scale, enrichments requiring complex operations, and adaptiveness to reference data changes. We explain how this framework has been built on top of Apache AsterixDB and investigate its performance at scale under various workloads.
Generating application-specific data layouts for in-memory databases
Authors: Yan Cong , Cheung Alvin
Published: September 2019

Database applications are often developed with object-oriented languages while using relational databases as the backend. To accelerate these applications, developers would manually design customized data structures to store data in memory, and ways to utilize such data structures to answer queries. Doing so is brittle and requires a lot of effort. Alternatively, developers might automate the process by using relational physical design tools to create materialized views and indexes instead. However, the characteristics of object-oriented database applications are often distinct enough from traditional database applications such that classical relational query optimization techniques often cannot speed up queries that arise from such applications, as our experiments show.

To address this, we build Chestnut, a data layout generator for in-memory object-oriented database applications. Given a memory budget, Chestnut generates
customized
in-memory data layouts and query plans to answer queries written using a subset of the Rails API, a common framework for building object-oriented database applications. Chestnut differs from traditional query optimizers and physical designers in two ways. First, Chestnut automatically generates data layouts that are customized for the application after analyzing their queries, hence Chestnut-generated data layouts are designed to be efficient to answer queries from such applications. second, Chestnut uses a novel enumeration and verification-based algorithm to generate query plans that use such data layouts, rather than rule-based approaches as in traditional query optimizers. We evaluated Chestnut on four open-source Rails database applications. The result shows that it can reduce average query processing time by over 3.6X (and up to 42X), as compared to other in-memory relational database engines.
BlackMagic
Authors: Ramachandra Karthik , Park Kwanghyun
Published: September 2019

Relational DBMSs allow users to extend the standard declarative SQL language surface using User Defined Functions (UDFs) that implement custom behavior. While UDFs offer many advantages, it is well-known amongst practitioners that they can cause severe degradation in query performance. This degradation is due to the fact that state-of-the-art query optimizers treat UDFs as black boxes and do not reason about them during optimization.

We demonstrate Froid, a framework for optimizing UDFs by opening up this black box and exposing its underlying operations to the query optimizer. It achieves this by systematically translating the entire body of an imperative multi-statement UDF into a single relational algebraic expression. Thereby, any query invoking this UDF is transformed into a query with a nested sub-query that is semantically equivalent to the UDF. We then leverage existing sub-query optimization techniques and thereby get efficient, set-oriented, parallel query plans as opposed to inefficient, iterative, serial execution of UDFs.

We demonstrate the benefits of Froid including performance gains of up to multiple orders of magnitude on real workloads. Froid is available as a feature of Microsoft SQL Server 2019 called 'Scalar UDF Inlining'.
ProgressiveDB
Authors: Berg Lukas , Ziegler Tobias , Binnig Carsten , Röhm Uwe
Published: September 2019

ProgressiveDB
transforms any standard SQL database into a progressive database capable of continuous, approximate query processing. It introduces a few small extensions to the SQL query language that allow clients to express progressive analytical queries. These extensions are processed in the
ProgressiveDB
middleware that sits between a database application and the underlying database providing interactive query processing as well as query steering capabilities to the user. In our demo, we show how this system allows a database application with a graphical user interface to interact with different backends, while providing the user with immediate feedback during exploratory data exploration of an on-time flight database. ProgressiveDB also supports efficient query steering by providing a new technique, called progressive views, which allows the intermediate results of one progressive query to be shared and reused by multiple concurrent progressive queries with refined scope.
COVIZ
Authors: Pahins Cicero A. L. , Omidvar-Tehrani Behrooz , Amer-Yahia Sihem , Siroux Valérie , Pepin Jean-Louis , Borel Jean-Christian , Comba João L. D.
Published: September 2019

We demonstrate COVIZ, an interactive system to visually form and explore patient cohorts. COVIZ seamlessly integrates visual cohort formation and exploration, making it a single destination for hypothesis generation. COVIZ is easy to use by medical experts and offers many features: (1) It provides the ability to isolate patient demographics (e.g., their age group and location), health markers (e.g., their body mass index), and treatments (e.g., Ventilation for respiratory problems), and hence facilitates cohort formation; (2) It summarizes the evolution of treatments of a cohort into health trajectories, and lets medical experts explore those trajectories; (3) It guides them in examining different facets of a cohort and generating hypotheses for future analysis; (4) Finally, it provides the ability to compare the statistics and health trajectories of multiple cohorts at once. COVIZ relies on QDS, a novel data structure that encodes and indexes various data distributions to enable their efficient retrieval. Additionally, COVIZ visualizes air quality data in the regions where patients live to help with data interpretations. We demonstrate two key scenarios,
ecological scenario
and
case cross-over scenario
. A video demonstration of COVIZ is accessible via http://bit.ly/video-coviz.
WiClean
Authors: Goldberg Stephan , Milo Tova , Novgorodov Slava , Razmadze Kathy
Published: September 2019

We present WiClean, a Wikipedia plug-in that supports the identification and cleaning of certain types of errors in Wikipedia interlinks. The system mines update patterns in Wikipedia revision logs, identifies the common time frames in which they occur, and employs them to signal incomplete/inconsistent updates and suggests corrections. We demonstrate the effectiveness of WiClean in identifying actual errors in a variety of Wikipedia entity types, interactively employing the VLDB'19 audience as editors to correct the identified errors.
Choosing a cloud DBMS
Authors: Tan Junjay , Ghanem Thanaa , Perron Matthew , Yu Xiangyao , Stonebraker Michael , DeWitt David , Serafini Marco , Aboulnaga Ashraf , Kraska Tim
Published: September 2019

As analytic (OLAP) applications move to the cloud, DBMSs have shifted from employing a pure shared-nothing design with locally attached storage to a hybrid design that combines the use of shared-storage (e.g., AWS S3) with the use of shared-nothing query execution mechanisms. This paper sheds light on the resulting tradeoffs, which have not been properly identified in previous work. To this end, it evaluates the TPC-H benchmark across a variety of DBMS offerings running in a cloud environment (AWS) on fast 10Gb+ networks, specifically database-as-a-service offerings (Redshift, Athena), query engines (Presto, Hive), and a traditional cloud agnostic OLAP database (Vertica). While these comparisons cannot be apples-to-apples in all cases due to cloud configuration restrictions, we nonetheless identify patterns and design choices that are advantageous. These include prioritizing low-cost object stores like S3 for data storage, using system agnostic yet still performant columnar formats like ORC that allow easy switching to other systems for different workloads, and making features that benefit subsequent runs like query precompilation and caching remote data to faster storage optional rather than required because they disadvantage ad hoc queries.
PNUTS to Sherpa
Authors: Cooper Brian F. , Narayan P. P. S. , Ramakrishnan Raghu , Srivastava Utkarsh , Silberstein Adam , Bohannon Philip , Jacobsen Hans-Arno , Puz Nick , Weaver Daniel , Yerneni Ramana
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we look back at the evolution of Yahoo!'s geo-replicated cloud data store from a research project called PNUTS to a globally deployed production system called Sherpa, share some of the lessons learned along the way, and finally, compare PNUTS with current operational cloud stores.
Criteria and Indicators for sustainable forest management: lessons learned in the Southern Cone
Authors: LACLAU P. , MEZA A. , GARRIDO SOARES DE LIMA J. , LINSER S.
Published: September 2019

The Southern Cone countries of Chile, Argentina and Uruguay have a common background regarding land use and land cover with a total of 46 million ha of forests whose benefits are prospering for the regional framework of the Southern Cone. The three countries do not articulate or interchange
on their forest policies beyond circumstantial agreements. In this regard, and as our first research focus, we examined experiences while participating in the international Montréal Process on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests.
Secondly, we focused on the progress these processes have afforded regarding respective national implementation of criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management (C&I for SFM) and uptake in forest policy. Thirdly, we examined also the obstacles experienced during participation
and implementation. We based our findings on content analysis of key documents and author observations. Albeit the institutional and political frameworks between the countries differ, we found common constraints on budgeting, limited human resources and institutional capacity. Communication
to society and policy makers' commitment are also important weaknesses. The engagement of the three countries in the Montréal Process and the application of related national sets of C&I for SFM have provided solutions to recent land use conflicts. This also strengthened the quality
and effectiveness of recently approved laws and regimes for a sustainable forest management. In conclusion, the forest dialogues of these countries, within and between each other, were reinforced by participation in C&I for SFM processes, helping to bridge the gap between decision-makers,
national forest agencies, academia and other forest-related stakeholders. Common indicators and related national reports facilitated the identification of affinities for regional integration on a common basis and helped to raise the level of national forest policies increasing its strength
and commitment to global forest challenges. The lessons learned should be considered to reach progress towards sustainability.
Megatrends affecting smallholder forestry in Indonesia to the year 2030
Authors: ROBINS L. , KANOWSKI P.
Published: September 2019

This paper identifies and explores megatrends with major implications for smallholder-based commercial forestry in Indonesia to the year 2030. A megatrend is a cluster of trends that represent a significant shift in the condition of the environment, economy or society, with major implications
over the longer term. Megatrend analysis is one example of foresighting, an approach which complements traditional forestry sector outlook studies. The eight megatrends explore the dynamics of Indonesia's urbanising population; their rising incomes and education rates, manifest in an expanding
middle class and changing demands; the imperative to provide for the needs of the still-many poor; the tension between market-based opportunities and the Indonesian bureaucracy, inadequate physical infrastructure and vested interests; Indonesia's place as a global hotspot of forest and biodiversity
loss; the consequences of climate change; the emerging digital and technology-driven economy and society; and the possible impacts of both natural and man-made crises. These megatrends and their component subtrends have various implications for smallholder forestry; we identify best, worst
and more likely case scenarios as starting points for further research.
Identification of Spikes in Time Series
Authors: Goin Dana E. , Ahern Jennifer
Published: September 2019

Researchers interested in the effects of exposure spikes on an outcome need tools to identify unexpectedly high values in a time series. However, the best method to identify spikes in time series is not known. This paper aims to fill this gap by testing the performance of several spike detection methods in a simulation setting. We created simulations parameterized by monthly violence rates in nine California cities that represented different series features, and randomly inserted spikes into the series. We then compared the ability to detect spikes of the following methods: ARIMA modeling, Kalman filtering and smoothing, wavelet modeling with soft thresholding, and an iterative outlier detection method. We varied the magnitude of spikes from 10 to 50 % of the mean rate over the study period and varied the number of spikes inserted from 1 to 10. We assessed performance of each method using sensitivity and specificity. The Kalman filtering and smoothing procedure had the best overall performance. We applied each method to the monthly violence rates in nine California cities and identified spikes in the rate over the 2005–2012 period.
Finding a Home for a Roof in Production within the Building History of Poggio Civitate (Murlo)
Authors: Winter Nancy A.
Published: September 2019

The unique workshop excavated at Poggio Civitate (Murlo) contained elements of a terracotta roof in the process of production (Roof 2–22 [Winter 2009]). The conflagration that destroyed the buildings on the plateau at the beginning of the sixth century B. C. E. in effect fired the raw clay elements, which were lying on the workshop floor in the shade of the roof to dry before firing. No building under construction has previously been identified as the planned home for this roof. Possible candidates can now be proposed, buildings which show no evidence of being finished to the point of having a tiled roof or of having objects in the interior that would represent use levels.
Crystal structure of 2-ethoxy-6-((E)-((3-(((E)-3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-2-hydroxypropyl)iminio)methyl)phenolate, C21H26N2O5
Authors: Wenhui Su , Dayong Tian , Zhichao Yu , Liguo Yang , Yongsheng Niu
Published: September 2019

C21H26N2O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 19.779(9) Å, b = 5.332(2) Å, c = 18.945(8) Å, β = 94.572(6)°, V = 1991.4(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0425, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1179, T = 298(2) K.
The crystal structure of catena-poly(μ2-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2
N:N′)-tetrakis(μ2-2-((3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl)oxy)acetato-κ2
O:O′)dinickel(II)], C19H10Cl6N3NiO6
Authors: Du Zhong-Xiang , Li Jun-Xia , Bai Ruo-Fei
Published: September 2019

C19H10Cl6N3NiO6, tetragonal, I4̄ (no. 82), a = 13.1205(4) Å, c = 14.2717(6) Å, V = 2456.84(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0384, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0756, T = 293.2(3) K.
Crystal structure of benzyl-chlorido-(4-chloro-N-[(2-oxidophenyl)methylidene]benzenecarbohydrazonato)-methanol-tin(IV), C22H20Cl2N2O3Sn
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: September 2019

C22H20Cl2N2O3Sn, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 8.1234(3) Å, b = 10.7966(3) Å, c = 24.9785(8) Å, V = 2190.74(12) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0271, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0645, T = 293(2) K.
“Undesirable Immigrants”: The Language of Law and Literature in Joseph Conrad’s “Amy Foster”
Authors: Zulli Tania
Published: September 2019

Over the last few decades, the field of law and literature studies has increasingly focused on the importance of literary texts in the interpretation of legal doctrines developing wider perspectives on society and on the law’s effect on the community itself. By considering the dynamic relationship between narrative works and legal documents, the present analysis proposes a reading of Joseph Conrad’s short story “Amy Foster” (1901), which focusses on the investigation of the social and political aspects of migration in late nineteenth-century Britain. Echoes of the migrant figure as represented in Conrad’s story can be found in the Aliens Act, the law passed by the British government in 1905 to regulate the flux of migrants from Eastern Europe. Taking into account the legal value of the Aliens Act and the social consequences of its application, the article will first examine general views on migration at the beginning of the twentieth century, and will later explore the language used in the statute and its relevance in the short story. To this end, the notion of “undesirable immigrant,” first introduced to describe migrants with well-defined characteristics, is anticipated by Joseph Conrad in “Amy Foster” whose protagonist, Yanko Goorall, is an emigrant from Eastern Europe. Conrad’s fictional representation of Goorall as an “undesirable immigrant” allows us to reflect on how his writing deals with (and anticipates) events and socio-cultural trends.
Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade in WAEMU- Panel Causality and Long-term Relationship Analysis
Authors: Amadou Maiga Ousseini , Oumarou Issoufou , Coulibaly Salifou Kigbajah
Published: September 2019

Using panel data from 1990 to 2016, this paper examines the Granger causality and long-run relationship between foreign direct investment, and trade (imports, exports, and trade openness) in the West African economic and monetary union (WAEMU). This study will determine the link between international trade and foreign direct investment to the policymakers. The study follows the short-run causality, cointegration, and long-run approach. The Granger causality tests that there is causality between trade and FDI. The analysis uses Kao and Pedroni method which reveal the existence of cointegration between trade and FDI. The long-run effect tests suggested that foreign direct investment has a positive long-run effect increasing export WAEMU. The tests also indicate that foreign direct investment has a positive long-run effect spurring import and leads to more trade openness in WAEMU. Additionally, the long run estimation indicates that FDI induces to more trade openness in WAEMU. Moreover, the analysis indicates also that export and import have a positive and significant long-run effect on foreign direct investment. Furthermore, the estimation indicates that trade openness has a positive and significant impact on attracting more foreign investment in WAEMU. We explored the economic and policy implications of our analyses in the conclusions.
Predicting the outcome of persistent sciatica using conditioned pain modulation: 1-year results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Fjeld Olaf R. , Grotle Margreth , Matre Dagfinn , Pedersen Linda M. , Lie Marie U. , Småstuen Milada C. , Storheim Kjersti , Heuch Ingrid , Stubhaug Audun , Zwart John-Anker , Nilsen Kristian Bernhard
Published: September 2019

Background and aims

Recovery in patients hospitalised with severe sciatica is unpredictable. Prognostic tools to aid clinicians in the early identification of patients at risk of developing chronic sciatic pain are warranted. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a psychophysical measure of the endogenous pain modulatory pathways. Several studies have suggested CPM as a potentially important predictive biomarker for the development of chronic pain. The aim of the study was to determine whether CPM effect in patients still suffering from leg pain 6 weeks after hospital discharge for severe sciatica is associated with persistent leg pain at 12 months. A potential association would suggest that measuring CPM effect could be a valuable prognostic tool in the hospital management of sciatica.

Methods

A prospective cohort study in which CPM effect was measured 6 weeks after hospital discharge following an acute admission with sciatica as the main complaint. The impact of CPM effect on the outcome was analysed using logistic regression. The outcome measured was self-reported leg pain score of ≥1 in the past week on a 0–10 numeric rating scale (NRS) at 12 months post discharge.

Results

A total of 111 patients completed the entire study, 51 of whom received non-randomised surgical treatment. Crude and confounder adjusted analyses showed no significant association between CPM effect and leg-pain measured at 12 months, crude Odds Ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.7–1.1, p = 0.23.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that CPM assessment has limited prognostic value for the long-term outcome in severe sciatica when measured 6 weeks after hospital discharge.

Implications

The present study adds important knowledge concerning the limited clinical use of late CPM testing in sciatica patients. The heterogeneity in patients, the wide range of treatments received and a generally favourable outcome are factors that may affect CPM’s clinical value as a prognostic factor for severe sciatica.
«Yo que tú me lo pensaba»: por qué ignorar el condicional (y el paso del tiempo)
Authors: Arias Oliveira Roberto C.
Published: September 2019

In this article, I will seek to explain a very widespread phenomenon in colloquial Spanish: the use of the imperfect (andaba) in contexts for which, in a more formal register, it would be preferable to use the so-called condicional (andaría). An example is «Yo que tú me lo pensaba» (meaning If I were you, I would think about it) instead of «Yo que tú me lo pensaría». To this aim, this paper will sketch out a semantic characterization of the Spanish simple tenses that does not build on the idea of a timeline or time axis, and that therefore does not include notions such as past, present or future or even anteriority, posteriority or simultaneity. As will be shown, this characterization allows a simple and intuitive explanation of the aforementioned phenomenon.
Un huevo: subjetivación, cuantificación y negación
Authors: Cifuentes Honrubia José Luis
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with two types of quantitative constructions in which un huevo occurs: (a) In certain contexts, it functions as a quantifier noun ―that is, an inherently relational noun quantifying a nominal phrase in pseudo-partitive constructions: el libro tiene un huevo de páginas [‘the book has a hell of a lot of pages’]. The value of un huevo as a quantifier is evaluative, and the quantitative assessment is based on pragmatically or contextually established criteria. (b) In other contexts, the construction un huevo can be considered an example of minimizer, and more specifically, a vulgar or taboo minimizer. The minimizers are scalar elements which seems potentially sensitive to negative polarity, and become quantifiers after a grammaticalization process: under the scope of the negation, they can be reanalyzed as negative emphatic markers (no le importo a nadie un huevo [‘Nobody gives a toss about me’]). From the examples provided by the corpora of the RAE, the functional characteristics of the two constructions will be analyzed, and their origins will be explained. More generally, it will be shown that these two types of constructions constitute two examples of subjectification, a process by which the pragmatic meaning can become grammaticalized and become a conventional construction.
The Effectiveness of Group Counseling Based on Metacognitive Therapy and Dialectic Behavior Therapy on Reducing Anxiety in Boy Adolescent of Divorce
Authors: Godini Ali Akbar , Rasouli Mohsen , Mohsenzadeh Farshad
Published: September 2019

Background: Anxiety among teenagers may disturb their life, and it is no controlling results in severe problems. Therefore, the present research was designed and conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group counseling training based on metacognitive therapy & dialectic behavior therapy on reducing anxiety in boy adolescent of divorce. Methods: The present research conducted by quasi-experimental method and used a pretest-posttest with control group design. The statistical population of the current research included all boy students of divorced parents in Karaj in 2017-2018. Among them, 36 persons selected by convenience sampling method, and they were assigned into experimental and control groups (12 individuals per group) randomly. Before the intervention, the Beck Anxiety Inventory executed on participants. Group counseling therapy based on metacognitive therapy and dialectic behavior therapy provided for the experimental group subjects in sixteen 90-minute sessions, while the participants of the control group received no intervention. Posttest executed for all three groups after completing the training. The research data were analyzed by covariance analysis and by SPSS-22 software. Results: Covariance analysis findings indicated that metacognitive therapy and dialectic behavior therapy groups had significant decreasing than the control group after interventional (P>0.05). Also, results indicated than there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and dialectic behavior therapy on anxiety decreasing among boy teenagers of divorced teenagers (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present research, we can state that dialectic behavior therapy and metacognitive therapy by changing negative cognitions reduce anxiety among divorced children.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of MindfulnessBased Stress Reduction Group Therapy With Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Severity of Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Migraine
Authors: Haji Seyed Javadi Tahereh , Aghareb Parast Najmeh , Shahsavani Sahar , Chehraghi Mir Javad , Razavi Leila , Rahmani Soheila , Nejati Somayeh
Published: September 2019

Background: Considering the prevalence of migraine and its detrimental effects on functioning, physical health, and quality of life as well as its psychosocial and social risks. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction treatment with treatment based on acceptance and commitment to the severity of pain and health-related quality of life in migraine patients. Methods: In this study, a semi-experimental design used with pre-test, post-test, a 3-month follow-up, and a control group. Using purposive sampling and considering the inclusion criteria, 45 patients with migraine diagnosis selected from among those referring to the neurology department of Imam Hossein hospital in Tehran. They were then randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. The first experimental group received group therapy based on mindfulness (n = 15; 90-minute sessions), the second experimental group received acceptance and commitment based intervention (n = 15; 90-minute sessions), and the control group (n = 15) received no intervention. All subjects responded to pain intensity and health-related quality of life questionnaires before the intervention (pre-test), after the intervention (post-test), and 3 months after the intervention (follow-up). One-way ANOVA analyzed the collected data. Results: The findings showed that mean scores for the 2 experimental groups were significantly different from the control group in the post-test and follow-up phases in terms of severity of pain and health-related quality of life, while the mean scores for the two experimental groups did not differ significantly. The results emphasize the importance of these interventions for chronic diseases and offer new horizons in clinical interventions. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy could positively affect the severity of pain and health-related quality of life in migraine patients, and any of them can be used to improve the variables mentioned above.