bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Horizontal Stirring Over the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf: The Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Surface Eddy Kinetic Energy
Authors: Kirincich Anthony , Hodges Ben , Flament Pierre , Futch Victoria
Published: May 2022

This study examines the spatial and temporal variability of eddy kinetic energy over the Northeast Shelf using observations of surface currents from a unique array of six high frequency radar systems. Collected during summer and winter conditions over three consecutive years, the horizontal scales present were examined in the context of local wind and hydrographic variability, which were sampled concurrently from moorings and autonomous surface vehicles. While area‐averaged mean kinetic energy at the surface was tightly coupled to wind forcing, eddy kinetic energy was not, and was lower in magnitude in winter than summer in all areas. Kinetic energy wavenumber spectral slopes were generally near k−5/3, but varied seasonally, spatially, and between years. In contrast, wavenumber spectra of surface temperature and salinity along repeat transect lines had sharp k−3 spectral slopes with little seasonal or inter‐annual variability. Radar‐based estimates of spectral kinetic energy fluxes revealed a mean transition scale of energy near 18 km during stratified months, but suggested much longer scales during winter. Overall, eddy kinetic energy was unrelated to local winds, but the up‐ or down‐scale flux of kinetic energy was tied to wind events and, more weakly, to local density gradients.
Evaluating the Impact of Chemical Complexity and Horizontal Resolution on Tropospheric Ozone Over the Conterminous US With a Global Variable Resolution Chemistry Model
Authors: Schwantes Rebecca H. , Lacey Forrest G. , Tilmes Simone , Emmons Louisa K. , Lauritzen Peter H. , Walters Stacy , Callaghan Patrick , Zarzycki Colin M. , Barth Mary C. , Jo Duseong S. , Bacmeister Julio T. , Neale Richard B. , Vitt Francis , Kluzek Erik , Roozitalab Behrooz , Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , Warneke Carsten , Peischl Jeff , Pollack Ilana B. , Flocke Frank , Wolfe Glenn M. , Hanisco Thomas F. , Keutsch Frank N. , Kaiser Jennifer , Bui Thao Paul V. , Jimenez Jose L. , Campuzano‐Jost Pedro , Apel Eric C. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Hills Alan J. , Yuan Bin , Wisthaler Armin
Published: May 2022

A new configuration of the Community Earth System Model (CESM)/Community Atmosphere Model with full chemistry (CAM‐chem) supporting the capability of horizontal mesh refinement through the use of the spectral element (SE) dynamical core is developed and called CESM/CAM‐chem‐SE. Horizontal mesh refinement in CESM/CAM‐chem‐SE is unique and novel in that pollutants such as ozone are accurately represented at human exposure relevant scales while also directly including global feedbacks. CESM/CAM‐chem‐SE with mesh refinement down to ∼14 km over the conterminous US (CONUS) is the beginning of the Multi‐Scale Infrastructure for Chemistry and Aerosols (MUSICAv0). Here, MUSICAv0 is evaluated and used to better understand how horizontal resolution and chemical complexity impact ozone and ozone precursors over CONUS as compared to measurements from five aircraft campaigns, which occurred in 2013. This field campaign analysis demonstrates the importance of using finer horizontal resolution to accurately simulate ozone precursors such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. In general, the impact of using more complex chemistry on ozone and other oxidation products is more pronounced when using finer horizontal resolution where a larger number of chemical regimes are resolved. Large model biases for ozone near the surface remain in the Southeast US as compared to the aircraft observations even with updated chemistry and finer horizontal resolution. This suggests a need for adding the capability of replacing sections of global emission inventories with regional inventories, increasing the vertical resolution in the planetary boundary layer, and reducing model biases in meteorological variables such as temperature and clouds.
Tiny Creatures May Play a Difficult-to-Detect Role in Ocean Mixing
Authors: Wilke Carolyn
Published: May 2022

As an idea that began as a joke, critter-driven ocean mixing has long been controversial. Now scientists have caught spawning anchovies causing turbulence and stirring the sea.
TXN inhibitor impedes radioresistance of colorectal cancer cells with decreased ALDH1L2 expression via TXN/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Lu , Guo Qiqing , Luo Ziqian , Wang Yongjia , Weng Jiawen , Chen Yuchuan , Liang Weijie , Li Yiyi , Zhang Yuqin , Chen Keli , Chen Zhenhui , Ding Yi , Zhang Yaowei
Published: May 2022

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is prevalent worldwide and is often challenged by treatment failure and recurrence due to resistance to radiotherapy. Here, we aimed to identify the elusive underlying molecular mechanisms of radioresistance in CRC.

Methods

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify potential radiation-related genes. Colony formation and comet assays and multi-target single-hit survival and xenograft animal models were used to validate the results obtained from the bioinformatic analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the clinical characteristics of ALDH1L2. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying radioresistance.

Results

Bioinformatic analysis, in vitro, and in vivo experiments revealed that ALDH1L2 is a radiation-related gene, and a decrease in its expression induces radioresistance in CRC cells by inhibiting ROS-mediated apoptosis. Patients with low ALDH1L2 expression exhibit resistance to radiotherapy. Mechanistically, ALDH1L2 interacts with thioredoxin (TXN) and regulates the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway. PX-12, the TXN inhibitor, overcomes radioresistance due to decreased ALDH1L2.

Conclusions

Our results provide valuable insights into the potential role of ALDH1L2 in CRC radiotherapy. We propose that the simultaneous application of TXN inhibitors and radiotherapy would significantly ameliorate the clinical outcomes of patients with CRC having low ALDH1L2.
Modelling immune cytotoxicity for cholangiocarcinoma with tumour-derived organoids and effector T cells
Authors: Zhou Guoying , Lieshout Ruby , van Tienderen Gilles S. , de Ruiter Valeska , van Royen Martin E. , Boor Patrick P. C. , Magré Luc , Desai Jyaysi , Köten Kübra , Kan Yik Yang , Ge Zhouhong , Campos Carrascosa Lucia , Geuijen Cecile , Sprengers Dave , van der Laan Luc J. W. , Verstegen Monique M. A. , Kwekkeboom Jaap
Published: May 2022

Background

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is being explored to improve cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) therapy. However, it remains difficult to predict which ICI will be effective for individual patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a co-culture method with patient-derived CCA organoids and immune cells, which could represent anti-cancer immunity in vitro.

Methods

CCA organoids were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells or T cells. Flow cytometry, time-lapse confocal imaging for apoptosis, and quantification of cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA) release were applied to analyse organoid and immune cell behaviour. CCA organoids were also cultured in immune cell-conditioned media to analyse the effect of soluble factors.

Results

The co-culture system demonstrated an effective anti-tumour organoid immune response by a decrease in live organoid cells and an increase in apoptosis and CYFRA release. Interpatient heterogeneity was observed. The cytotoxic effects could be mediated by direct cell–cell contact and by release of soluble factors, although soluble factors only decreased viability in one organoid line.

Conclusions

In this proof-of-concept study, a novel CCA organoid and immune cell co-culture method was established. This can be the first step towards personalised immunotherapy for CCA by predicting which ICIs are most effective for individual patients.
Overall survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer in Sweden: a nationwide study
Authors: Valachis Antonis , Carlqvist Peter , Ma Yuanjun , Szilcz Máté , Freilich Jonatan , Vertuani Simona , Holm Barbro , Lindman Henrik
Published: May 2022

Background

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Sweden. Whereas survival for the overall breast cancer population is well-documented, survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is harder to quantify due to the lack of reliable data on disease recurrence in national cancer registers.

Methods

This study used machine learning to classify the total MBC population in Sweden diagnosed between 2009 and 2016 using national registers, with the aim to estimate overall survival (OS).

Results

The total population consisted of 13,832 patients—2528 (18.3%) had de novo MBC whereas 11,304 (81.7%) were classed as having a recurrent MBC. Median OS for patients with MBC was found to be 29.8 months 95% confidence interval (CI) [28.9, 30.6]. Hormone-receptor (HR)-positive MBC had a median OS of 37.0 months 95% CI [35.9, 38.3] compared to 9.9 months 95% CI [9.1, 11.0] for patients with HR-negative MBC.

Conclusion

This study covered the entire MBC population in Sweden during the study time and may serve as a baseline for assessing the effect of new treatment strategies in MBC introduced after the study period.
PHF13 epigenetically activates TGFβ driven epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Sun Yating , Li Dan , Liu Hongmei , Huang Yongye , Meng Fanyu , Tang Jiahao , Li Zhanjun , Xie Wanhua
Published: May 2022

Epigenetic alteration is a pivotal factor in tumor metastasis. PHD finger protein 13 (PHF13) is a recently identified epigenetic reader of H3K4me2/3 that functions as a transcriptional co-regulator. In this study, we demonstrate that PHF13 is required for pancreatic-cancer-cell growth and metastasis. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and epigenetic profiles provide further mechanistic insights into the epigenetic regulation of genes associated with cell metastasis during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Our data suggest PHF13 depletion impairs activation of TGFβ stimulated genes and correlates with a loss of active epigenetic marks (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) at these genomic regions. These observations argue for a dependency of TGFβ target activation on PHF13. Furthermore, PHF13-dependent chromatin regions are enriched in broad H3K4me3 domains and super-enhancers, which control genes critical to cancer-cell migration and invasion, such as SNAI1 and SOX9. Overall, our data indicate a functional and mechanistic correlation between PHF13 and EMT.
m6Am methyltransferase PCIF1 is essential for aggressiveness of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting TM9SF1 mRNA translation
Authors: Zhuo Wei , Sun Meng , Wang Kun , Zhang Lu , Li Kai , Yi Danyang , Li Mengjie , Sun Qiang , Ma Xixi , Liu Wei , Teng Lisong , Yi Chengqi , Zhou Tianhua
Published: May 2022

PCIF1 (phosphorylated CTD interacting factor 1) is the first reported RNA N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) methyltransferase. However, the pathological significance of PCIF1 and m6Am modification remains unknown. Here we find that both PCIF1 expression and m6Am modification are significantly elevated in gastric cancer tissues. Increased PCIF1 is associated with gastric cancer progression, and predicts poor prognosis. Silence of PCIF1 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in mouse model. m6Am-seq analysis reveals TM9SF1 (transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1) as a target of PCIF1. PCIF1 modifies TM9SF1 mRNA with m6Am leading to decreased TM9SF1 translation. TM9SF1 reverses the effects of PCIF1 on gastric cancer cell aggressiveness. Collectively, our work uncovers an oncogenic function of PCIF1, providing insights into the critical role of m6Am modification in cancer progression.
Efficacy and safety of brolucizumab versus aflibercept in eyes with early persistent retinal fluid: 96-week outcomes from the HAWK and HARRIER studies
Authors: Lally David R. , Loewenstein Anat , Arnold Jennifer J. , Yang Yit C. , Gedif Kinfemichael , Best Catherine , Patel Hersh , Tadayoni Ramin , Heier Jeffrey S.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Post-hoc analysis to compare the outcomes of brolucizumab 6 mg vs. aflibercept 2 mg in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients with early persistent retinal fluid in HAWK and HARRIER.

Methods

After 3 monthly loading doses, brolucizumab-treated eyes (N = 730) received injections every 12 weeks (q12w) or q8w if disease activity was detected. Aflibercept-treated eyes (N = 729) received fixed q8w dosing. Early persistent fluid was defined as the presence of subretinal fluid and/or intraretinal fluid up to Week 12.

Results

A lower proportion of brolucizumab patients had early persistent retinal fluid compared with aflibercept (11.2% (n = 82) vs. 19.2% (n = 140)). In these patients, 34.1% of the brolucizumab-treated group achieved a ≥ 15 ETDRS letter gain in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline at Week 96 compared with 20.7% of the aflibercept-treated group. Brolucizumab achieved numerically better BCVA outcomes (Week 96: brolucizumab, +6.4 letters; aflibercept, +3.7 letters) and significantly greater central subfield thickness reductions versus aflibercept from baseline through Week 96 (Week 96: −202 µm vs. −145 µm;p = 0.0206). Brolucizumab demonstrated an overall favourable benefit/risk profile in this patient cohort. In their unmasked, post-hoc review, the Safety Review Committee identified two cases of retinal vasculitis and no cases of retinal vascular occlusion in the brolucizumab arm; no cases of retinal vasculitis or retinal vascular occlusion were identified in the aflibercept arm.

Conclusion

In this analysis, anatomical and visual outcomes were better with brolucizumab compared with aflibercept. Brolucizumab may therefore achieve greater disease control than aflibercept in nAMD patients with early persistent retinal fluid.
Effect of electrochemical oxidation and drug loading on the antibacterial properties and cell biocompatibility of titanium substrates
Authors: Nowruzi Fateme , Imani Rana , Faghihi Shahab
Published: May 2022

A combination of $${\text{ TiO}}_{2}$$

TiO

2

nanotube array (TON) and controlled drug release system is employed to provide enhanced surface properties of titanium implants. Electrochemical anodization process is used to generate TON for introducing, vancomycin, an effective antibacterial drug against Staphylococcusaureus. TON loaded vancomycin is then coated with a number of layers of 10% gelatin using spin coating technique. The gelatin film is reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles to improve the surface bioactivity. The surface of the samples is characterized by field emission electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and contact angle measurement. The results illustrate that the TON was constructed and vancomycin molecules are successfully loaded. The drug release study shows that the amount of released vancomycin is controlled by the thickness of gelatin layers. With an increase in gelatin film layers from 3 to 7, the release of vancomycin in the burst release phase decreased from 58 to 31%, and sustained release extended from 10 to 17 days. The addition of GO nanoparticles seems to reduce drug release in from 31 to 22% (burst release phase) and prolonged drug release (from 17 to 19 days). MTT assay indicates that samples show no cytotoxicity, and combination of GO nanoparticles with gelatin coating could highly promote MG63 cell proliferation. Soaking the samples in SBF solution after 3 and 7 days demonstrates that hydroxy apatite crystals were deposited on the TON surface with GO-gelatin coating more than surface of TON with gelatin. Moreover, based on the results of disc diffusion assay, both samples (loaded with Vancomycin and coated with gelatin and gelatin-GO) with the inhibition zones equaled to 20 mm show effective antibacterial properties against S. aureus. The evidence demonstrates that titania nanotube loaded with vancomycin and coated with gelatin-GO has a great potential for general applicability to the orthopedic implant field.
Projected U.S. drought extremes through the twenty-first century with vapor pressure deficit
Authors: Gamelin Brandi L. , Feinstein Jeremy , Wang Jiali , Bessac Julie , Yan Eugene , Kotamarthi Veerabhadra R.
Published: May 2022

Global warming is expected to enhance drought extremes in the United States throughout the twenty-first century. Projecting these changes can be complex in regions with large variability in atmospheric and soil moisture on small spatial scales. Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) is a valuable measure of evaporative demand as moisture moves from the surface into the atmosphere and a dynamic measure of drought. Here, VPD is used to identify short-term drought with the Standardized VPD Drought Index (SVDI); and used to characterize future extreme droughts using grid dependent stationary and non-stationary generalized extreme value (GEV) models, and a random sampling technique is developed to quantify multimodel uncertainties. The GEV analysis was performed with projections using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, downscaled from three Global Climate Models based on the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 for present, mid-century and late-century. Results show the VPD based index (SVDI) accurately identifies the timing and magnitude short-term droughts, and extreme VPD is increasing across the United States and by the end of the twenty-first century. The number of days VPD is above 9 kPa increases by 10 days along California’s coastline, 30–40 days in the northwest and Midwest, and 100 days in California’s Central Valley.
Rising surface pressure over Tibetan Plateau strengthens indian summer monsoon rainfall over northwestern India
Authors: Singh Randhir , Jaiswal Neeru , Kishtawal C. M.
Published: May 2022

The dipole pattern (wetting over northwestern India and drying over the Indo-Gangetic plains and northeast India) in the rainfall trends is reported in many earlier studies. The exact cause of the rainfall trends’ asymmetry remains unclear. We show that increasing trends over the northwestern parts are closely associated with the rise in surface pressure over the Tibetan Plateau. The surface pressure over Tibetan Plateau shows increasing trends (0.23 hPa decade−1, p < 0.01) during 1979–2020. Easterlies across northwest India and southerlies over east India show rises of − 0.26 ms−1 decade−1 and 0.15 ms−1 decade−1, respectively, in line with Tibetan surface pressure trends. Water vapour transfer across northwest India has increased as a result of these changes in circulation. Increased lower-level easterlies carried more water vapour from the Bay of Bengal over northwest India. At the same time, stronger mid-level southerlies drove extratropical dry air out of India, strengthening the rainfall generating mechanism. Rising easterlies in northwest India also enhance vorticity along the monsoon trough, which promotes rainfall generation. Concurrently, because of the high surface pressure over Tibet, the circulation intensity of the mid-tropospheric cyclone over East India was weakened, resulting in less rain in the Indo-Gangetic region. The present study proposes that an increase in the surface pressure over Tibetan Plateau is an important factor contributing to the dipole pattern in the ISMR trends, particularly upward trends in rainfall over northwest India
FAM83B is involved in thyroid cancer cell differentiation and migration
Authors: Cirello Valentina , Grassi Elisa Stellaria , Pogliaghi Gabriele , Ghiandai Viola , Ermellino Laura , Muzza Marina , Gazzano Giacomo , Persani Luca , Colombo Carla , Fugazzola Laura
Published: May 2022

FAM83B has been recently identified as an oncogene, but its role in thyroid cancers (TC) is still unclear. We examined the expression of FAM83B and its possible involvement in cell migration and differentiation, in neoplastic/normal thyroid tissues and in TC human cell lines. FAM83B expression in TC varies according to the tumor histotype, being significantly downregulated in more aggressive and metastatic tissues. FAM83B levels in cell lines recapitulate patients’ samples variations, and its total and cytoplasmic levels decrease upon the induction of migration, together with an increase in its nuclear localization. Similar variations were detected in the primary tumor and in the metastatic tissues from a follicular TC. FAM83B knock down experiments confirmed its role in thyroid differentiation and cell migration, as demonstrated by the reduction of markers of thyroid differentiation and the increase of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Moreover, the silencing of FAM83B significantly increased cells migration abilities, while not affecting the oncogenic RAS/MAPK/PI3K pathways. Our data indicate for the first time a role for FAM83B in TC cell differentiation and migration. Its expression is reduced in dedifferentiated tumors and its nuclear re-localization could favour distant migration, suggesting that FAM83B should be considered a possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
Demographic and clinical parameters are comparable across different types of pediatric feeding disorder
Authors: Galai Tut , Friedman Gal , Moses Michal , Shemer Kim , Gal Dana L. , Yerushalmy-Feler Anat , Lubetzky Ronit , Cohen Shlomi , Moran-Lev Hadar
Published: May 2022

Knowledge and understanding of risk mechanisms associated with pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) remain limited. We aimed to investigate factors associated with PFD and their relation to specific PFD types according to the recent consensus WHO-based definition. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with PFD and retrieved their demographic and clinical characteristics. Healthy age- and sex-matched children served as controls. Included were 254 children with PFD [median (interquartile range) age 16.4 (9.5–33) months at diagnosis] and 108 children in the control group [median age 24.85 (14.5–28.5) months]. According to the WHO-based definition, disturbances in oral intake were predominantly related to nutritional dysfunction in 118 (46.6%), feeding skill dysfunction in 83 (32.3%), medical conditions in 42 (16.7%) and psychosocial dysfunction in 11 (4.4%). In multivariate analysis, children with PFD had a higher risk for lower socioeconomic background (P < 0.01) and low birth weight (26.8% compared to 7.4%,P < 0.001). Moreover, significantly fewer children in the PFD group were breastfed (75% versus 89%,P = 0.003). There were no significant differences in any of those variables between PFD types. In conclusion, low socioeconomic status, lack of breastfeeding, and low birth weight were significantly more frequent in children with PFD. PDF manifest as multiple dysfunctions, thus highlighting the need to offer these children and their families multidisciplinary care.
Neural network model applied to electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of ultra-light Ni/Cu coated polyester fibrous materials
Authors: Periyasamy Aravin Prince , Muthusamy Lekha Priya , Militký Jiri
Published: May 2022

The purpose of effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is to prevent EMI from smartphone, wireless, and utilization of other electronic devices. The electrical conductivity of materials strongly influences on the EMI shielding properties. In this work, mainly focus to predict the EMI shielding effectiveness on the ultralight weight fibrous materials by artificial neural network (ANN). Prior to the ANN modelling, the ultra-lightweight fibrous materials were electroplated with different concentration of Ni/Cu and then coated with different silanes. This work utilizes the algorithm to provide accurate quantitative values of EMI shielding effectiveness (EM SE). To compare its performance, the experimental and the predicted EM SE values were validated by root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values and correlation coefficient ‘r’. The proposed ANN results accurately predict the experimental data with correlation coefficients of 0.991 and 0.997. Further due to its simplicity, reliability as well as its efficient computational capability the proposed ANN model permits relatively fast, cost effective and objective estimates to be made of serving in this industry.
Surgical outcomes of unilateral lateral rectus recession versus recess-resect in children with convergence insufficiency type intermittent exotropia
Authors: Jang Yoon Kyung , Bae Seok Hyun , Choi Dong Gyu
Published: May 2022

To determine the efficacy of unilateral lateral rectus recession (ULR) for convergence insufficiency-type intermittent exotropia (CI-type IXT), we compared surgical outcomes following ULR and recess‒resect (RR) procedures for CI-type IXT. In this retrospective study, medical records of 57 children who underwent ULR (n = 30) or RR (n = 27) for CI-type IXT of less than 25 PD at distance with a postoperative follow-up of 6 months or more were reviewed. Surgical success was defined as an alignment between 10 PD exodeviation and 5 PD esodeviation at distance and near fixation. The postoperative exodeviation showed no significant difference between the two groups at the last follow-up. A significant reduction in the mean near-distance difference was achieved postoperatively in both groups: from 5.4 PD preoperatively to 2.5 at last follow-up after ULR, and from 8.2 to 2.4 after RR (both p = 0.001). However, this difference between ULR and RR was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The success rate at the last follow-up was 63.3% for ULR and 70.4% for RR (p = 0.574). ULR was found to be an effective treatment for CI-type IXT, with similar surgical outcomes to RR.
A sensitive and stable acetylcholinesterase biosensor with TiO2 nanoparticles anchored on graphitic carbon nanofibers for determination of organophosphate pesticides
Authors: Tao Shihan , Guo Yuan , Wang Shuqin , Xu Fangting , Zhou Xiaoping , Guo Qiaohui
Published: May 2022

Electrode materials play a central role in assembling biosensors.
Solvent polishing engineering for quasi-two-dimensional perovskite blue light-emitting diodes
Authors: Xu Yuting , Zhai Lanlan , Sun Lijuan , Wang Jingjing , Tan Xingxing , Huang He , Wang Yingyu , Yang Guanghong , Jiang Kemin , Yang Yun , Zhang Lijie , Tan Zhan’ao , Zou Chao
Published: May 2022

A solvent-polishing strategy is proposed employing a series of solvents to efficiently remove multiple defects at the surface and to alleviate carrier injection for realizing high-performance blue PeLEDs.
Impact of backbone linkage positions on the molecular aggregation behavior of polymer photovoltaic materials
Authors: Zhu Jinyue , Liu Yanfang , Huang Shaohua , Wen Shuguang , Bao Xichang , Cai Mian , Li Jingwen
Published: May 2022

Reorganizing the backbone linkage positions of a conjugated polymer may yield changes to its molecular aggregation, energy levels, and photovoltaic performance.
Compression-induced crimping of boron nanotubes from borophenes: a DFT study
Authors: Qin Xueqin , Liu Jia , Mu Yuewen , Li Si-Dian
Published: May 2022

High flexibility of borophene and vdW interactions make it possible to coil boron nanotubes from rippled borophenes, and the compressions improve the HER performance of borophenes.
B96: a complete core–shell structure with high symmetry
Authors: Sai Linwei , Wu Xue , Li Fengyu
Published: May 2022

A complete core–shell B96 is highly symmetric (Th) and stable, and exhibits a superatomic electronic configuration and spherical aromaticity.
Hetero-structured Fe–Cr–O hollow multishelled spheres for stable sodium storage
Authors: He Ruhan , Li Shidong , Liu Haoyun , Zhou Liang
Published: May 2022

The construction of three representative Fe–Cr–O HoMSs, unitary, solid solution and hetero-structured, is achieved through a sequential templating approach. For Na-storage, the Fe–Cr–O-2/2 hetero-structured HoMSs demonstrate a trade-off between capacity and durability.
End‐to‐end waveform level receiver with deep learning
Authors: Zhu Zhaorui , Yu Hongyi , Shen Caiyao
Published: May 2022

Numerous researches on communication receiver design with deep learning algorithms have been implemented effectively recently. In this paper, an innovative scheme is proposed to construct an end‐to‐end neural network (NN) receiver to directly recover information bits from unsynchronized waveform sequences. Considering the correlation between samples, multiple bidirectional long‐short term memory (BiLSTM) layers to process oversampled signals. Then, shifted binary cross‐entropy (SBCE) function is devised to tackle the overfitting issue and eliminate instances with abnormal bit error rate (BER), which originate from standard binary cross‐entropy (BCE) loss function. Substantial simulation results demonstrate that the trained NN receiver can achieve theory BER values under excellent conditions for transceivers. Compared with traditional synchronization algorithms, the proposed method can obtain significant BER performance gain under harsh conditions, such as low oversample rate, small roll‐off factor, short frame length.
Distributed finite‐time formation control of multiple Euler–Lagrange systems under directed graphs
Authors: Li Yue , Yang Ruohan , Wang Meng , Zhu Xueping
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the finite‐time formation problem of multiple Euler–Lagrange systems subject to model uncertainties and external disturbances under directed graphs. An adaptive distributed control approach is developed by integrating dynamic gain control and adaptive control based on the consensus theory and the finite‐time stability theory. Auxiliary scalar dynamics are constructed to facilitate dynamic gain design. It is shown that finite‐time formation can be achieved via the proposed non‐smooth controller characterized by fractional powers of the auxiliary dynamics, which is significantly different from most existing works on finite‐time controllers where fractional powers of system states are adopted. Moreover, continuity of the proposed controller is guaranteed by adjusting one control parameter, of which range is proven explicitly. In addition, dynamic surface control is improved to remove acceleration information from finite‐time controller design. In the end, the effectiveness of the proposed control approach is verified by numerical simulation.
Effects of shrink fitting on iron losses of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with an amorphous core
Authors: Zhu Longfei , Fan Bowen , Han Xueyan , Tang Renyuan
Published: May 2022

In order to investigate the effects of shrink fitting on the amorphous core, a test device is designed and the magnetisation and specific iron loss characteristics of the amorphous core are measured. The specific iron loss of amorphous core increases since the eddy current loss in the stator yoke increases significantly. The iron losses of the permanent magnet synchronous motor with the amorphous stator core in consideration of the shrink fitting effects on the specific iron loss are analysed by FEA.
Zeit ist das wertvollste Gut
Authors: Momberger Michael
Published: May 2022

Erinnern Sie sich noch an Ihre Anfänge in der Psychiatrie? Wir wollten von psychiatrisch Pflegenden wissen, wie der erste Kontakt mit dem Team und den Patienten war, was sie am meisten interessiert, berührt oder auch befremdet hat und wo sie ihre Aufgaben sehen. Dieses Mal berichtet ein Pflegender, der vor elf Jahren seine pflegerische Laufbahn startete.
Nichtkleinzelliges Bronchialkarzinom im Stadium pIIIA-N2
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: May 2022

Nichtkleinzellige Bronchialkarzinome im Stadium III mit einer fortgeschrittenen nodalen Metastasierung (NSCLC pIIIA-N2) haben nach Operation und Chemotherapie ein hohes Risiko für Lokalrezidive. Die ergänzende postoperative Radiotherapie (PORT) wird kontrovers diskutiert. In der PORT-C-Studie reduzierte die Bestrahlung signifikant die lokale Rückfallrate. Dies übersetzte sich jedoch nicht in ein verlängertes Gesamtüberleben.
Rezidivierte/refraktäre chronische lymphatische Leukämie
Authors: Kolac Corinna
Published: May 2022

Seit einem Jahr ist der Brutonkinaseinhibitor (BTKi) der 2. Generation Acalabrutinib zur Therapie der rezidivierten oder refraktären chronischen lymphatischen Leukämie (r/r-CLL) zugelassen. Er ist in Bezug auf die Wirksamkeit den BTKi der 1. Generation nicht unterlegen. Beim diesjährigen ASH wurden aktuelle Studien dazu vorgestellt.
Nicht kleinzellige Bronchialkarzinome im Stadium II/III
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: May 2022

Bei inoperablen, lokal fortgeschrittenen nicht kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinomen (NSCLC) ist die Bestrahlung mit konkurrierender Chemotherapie, gefolgt von einer Immuntherapie, die effektivste Therapieoption. Wenn die Patienten in einem schlechten Allgemeinzustand sind oder relevante Begleiterkrankungen vorliegen, muss teilweise auf die Chemotherapie verzichtet werden. In einer randomisierten Vergleichsstudie wurde jetzt untersucht, ob eine Eskalation der einzelnen Strahlendosen den Überlebensnachteil reduziert.
Auswirkungen der PPP-RL auf die psychiatrische Versorgung
Authors: Günther Stefan , Krüger Ramon
Published: May 2022

Bereits Anfang 2020 trat die Personalausstattung Psychiatrie und Psychosomatik-Richtlinie (PPP-RL) des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss (G-BA) in Kraft. In der therapeutischen Praxis ist sie vielen psychiatrisch Pflegenden jedoch bisher kaum geläufig – obwohl sie sich zukünftig massiv auf ihren Arbeitsalltag und die Versorgung der Patienten auswirken könnte. Ein Überblick.
Screening auf Multiples Myelom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: May 2022

„Bei Brust- und Dickdarmkrebs verfügen wir mit der Mammografie und der Koloskopie über effektive Maßnahmen der Prävention. Bei hämatologischen Neoplasien dagegen haben wir keine Testverfahren, um prämaligne Krebsvorstufen zu entdecken“, erinnerte Dr. Irene Ghobriel, Boston/USA. Ihre Arbeitsgruppe entwickelte erstmals eine Screening-Technik für Personen mit hohem Risiko für die Entwicklung eines MM. Dazu gehören Afroamerikaner sowie Personen, bei denen ein Verwandter 1. Grades an einer hämatologischen Neoplasie erkrankte.
Neratinib beim HER2-positiven Brustkrebs
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: May 2022

Frauen mit HER2-positivem Brustkrebs können besser von einer Therapie mit dem irreversiblen pan-HER-Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitor (TKI) Neratinib (Nerlynx®) profitieren, wenn zu Beginn der Behandlung eine Diarrhö-Prophylaxe oder ein Dosiseskalationsplan für Neratinib in Kombination mit Loperamid (bei Bedarf) durchgeführt wird. Dies zeigen die Ergebnisse der offenen Phase-II-Studie CONTROL, die auf dem SABCS 2021 vorgestellt wurden: Die Inzidenz, Schwere und Dauer von schwerer Neratinib-induzierter Diarrhö wurden reduziert.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Schüllermann-Epmann Thomas
Published: May 2022

psychisch erkrankte Menschen haben häufig Schwierigkeiten, ihre Selbstwirksamkeit adäquat einzuschätzen und erleben die Beziehung zu anderen Menschen oft als ambivalent oder gestört. Kann Beziehungspflege ihre Selbstwirksamkeit positiv beeinflussen? Diese Frage diskutiert Rüdiger Bauer im CNE Schwerpunkt und vertritt dabei die These, dass die psychiatrische Pflege durch Oxytocin-, Stirnhirn- und Hippocampusarbeit die Selbstwirksamkeit von psychisch erkrankten Menschen verbessern kann.
Outcomeverbesserung durch Tumorgenomik
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: May 2022

Der Stellenwert der Tumorgenomik zur Identifikation möglicher Risiko- bzw. Outcomeprädiktoren im klinischen Management des Mammakarzinoms steigt von Jahr zu Jahr. Allerdings sind noch viele Fragen auf dem Weg zu einer individualisierten Therapie offen, stellte Prof. Mitchell Dowsett, London, auf dem vergangenen SABCS fest.
Therapie der Speicheldrüsenkarzinome
Authors: Grübler Beate
Published: May 2022

Die virtuellen TZM-Essentials 2022 bildeten die Grundlage für ein 2-tägiges Programm, in dessen Mittelpunkt wieder die kompakte Vermittlung von praxisrelevantem onkologischem und hämatologischem Wissen stand. Prof. Christoph Reichel, München, referierte zum Thema maligne Tumoren der Speicheldrüsen, die etwa 5 % der Kopf-Hals-Tumoren ausmachen.
Rezidivierendes Glioblastom
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: May 2022

Eine Monotherapie mit dem oral selektiven XPO-Inhibitor (Exportin-1) Selinexor führte in einer Phase-II-Studie mit der höchsten verabreichten Dosis zu einem relevanten Ansprechen und einer messbaren Verkleinerung des Tumors in 28 % der 67 ausgewerteten Teilnehmer.
Kutane Plattenepithelkarzinome
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: May 2022

Plattenepithelkarzinome stellen nach dem Basalzellkarzinom die häufigsten nicht melanomatösen kutanen Malignome dar. Immuntherapien mit PD-1-Inhibitoren haben sich für fortgeschrittene Stadien als Option erwiesen. Bei unzureichender oder ausbleibender Remission auf eine Immuntherapie werden derzeit innovative Ansätze verfolgt, die allein oder in Kombination mit PD-1-Inhibitoren eine multidimensionale Stimulation des Immunsystems bewirken und die Ansprechbarkeit auf die Antitumortherapie erhöhen sollen.
Rezidivierte/refraktäre ALL
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: May 2022

Eine Reinfusion mit CD19-CAR-T-Zellen kann bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mit einer akuten lymphoblastischen B-Zell-Leukämie (ALL) nach Rückfall oder einem hohem Rückfallrisiko nach der 1. CAR-T-Zelltherapie zu „bemerkenswerten Ansprechraten“ führen, so Dr. Regina Myers, Philadelphia, welche die Ergebnisse einer retrospektiven Studie auf dem ASH 2021 vorstellte.
Fortgeschrittenes Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: May 2022

Der im Hybrid-Format durchgeführte ASCO-GU 2022 überzeugte mit einer Fülle an Daten zu urogenitalen Tumoren. So wurden zahlreiche Studienergebnisse beim Prostatakarzinom vorgestellt.
Kannst Du sehen und hören, wie schlecht es mir gerade geht?
Authors: Uhlmann Carmen , Tschöke Stefan , Steinert Tilman , Schmid Petra
Published: May 2022

Nichtsuizidales selbstverletzendes Verhalten (NSSV) und Suizidversuche sind bekannte Merkmale der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung, kommunikatives Verhalten ist dagegen kaum erforscht. Untersucht wurden Unterschiede zwischen Patient*innen mit und ohne NSSV sowie Unterschiede bei aktuellen Suizidversuchen bzgl. suizidaler Kommunikation und NSSV.

In einer Sekundäranalyse wurden Angaben zu aktuellem und anamnestischem NSSV, Suizidversuchen, suizidaler Kommunikation und klinischer Symptomatik von 87 Patient*innen ausgewertet.

Patient*innen mit und ohne aktuelle NSSV unterschieden sich nicht in anamnestischen Angaben, aber im Hinblick auf aktuelle Suizidversuche und suizidale Kommunikation. Bezogen auf den aktuellen stationären Aufenthalt zeigte sich, dass sich Patient*innen mit und ohne Suizidversuche deutlich in den Variablen NSSV (100 vs. 32,5 %) und suizidale Kommunikation (71,4 vs. 7,5 %) unterschieden.

Aktuelle NSSV und suizidale Kommunikation sind von hoher Bedeutung für die Risikobewertung der aktuellen Suizidalität.
Late-Stage Functionalization for the Optimization of Reversible BTK Inhibitors
Authors: Krska Shane W. , Tyagarajan Sriram , Guiadeen Deodial , Streckfuss Eric , Gao Xiaolei , Buevich Alexei V. , Doss George , Liu Jian , Vachal Petr
Published: May 2022

Late-stage functionalization (LSF) enables medicinal chemists to quickly explore structure–activity relationships (SAR) of novel analogues derived from a fully elaborated parent structure. Using several known C–H functionalization chemistries, we have systematically applied the LSF strategy to modify different regions of a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) reversible inhibitor lead series. This approach allowed for broad SAR exploration across several key subunits of the molecule at positions that were previously difficult to explore with traditional synthesis, providing analogues with high potency and improved pharmacokinetic properties. This case study illustrates both the promise and the challenges associated with applying LSF to complex lead molecules.
Estudio radiológico simple de quiste óseo simple y aneurismático: Diagnóstico diferencial
Authors: Martabid Faride , Romero Matías , Burdiles Alvaro , Schulze Clara , Garcia Cristian
Published: May 2022

Objetivo Dar a conocer nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico diferencial de los quistes óseos simple y aneurismático mediante estudio radiológico simple.

Materiales y métodos Se incluyeron pacientes menores de 20 años con radiografía de quiste óseo simple o aneurismático histológicamente confirmado pertenecientes al Registro Nacional de Tumores Óseos. Las radiografías fueron analizadas por dos radiólogos experimentados. Se compararon las variables demográficas de los pacientes, y las variables clínicas y radiológicas de ambos quistes.

Resultados Un total de 97 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión (65% presentaba quistes óseos simples y 35%, aneurismáticos). No se observaron diferencias en cuanto a la edad, al hueso comprometido, al tamaño de la lesión, a la expansión ósea, ni al adelgazamiento cortical. El género, la forma de presentación, la presencia de interrupción de la cortical, y la localización de la lesión en los ejes longitudinal y transversal del hueso son parámetros que podrían ser útiles en el diagnóstico diferencial de ambos quistes.

Discusión Los quistes óseos simple y aneurismático son lesiones benignas frecuentes que, de acuerdo con la literatura, serían difíciles de diferenciar únicamente con radiografía simple. La resonancia magnética permite una mejor caracterización anatómica, y aporta sensibilidad y especificidad al diagnóstico. Sin embargo, debe ser precedida por la radiografía simple, y su disponibilidad es limitada.

Conclusión Aun en centros con disponibilidad de resonancia magnética, la radiografía simple sigue siendo el estudio inicial de elección en el diagnóstico de tumores óseos. Ciertas características demográficas y radiográficas permiten orientar el diagnóstico diferencial inicial entre el quiste óseo simple y el aneurismático.
Lesiones del plexo braquial en adultos: Una revisión narrativa de la literatura
Authors: Ananias Joaquín , Pino Paula A.
Published: May 2022

La patología traumática del plexo braquial comprende un amplio espectro de lesiones potencialmente devastadoras para la funcionalidad de los pacientes. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura enfocada en el diagnóstico y estudio de las lesiones del plexo braquial en adultos, además de entregar nociones básicas sobre el manejo de esta compleja patología.

Nivel de evidencia: Nivel V.
Manejo de fracturas conminutas del polo distal de la patela con asas verticales de alambre: Reporte de casos
Authors: Franulic Nicolás , Innocenti Piero , Laso José Ignacio , Olivieri Rodrigo , Gaggero Nicolás
Published: May 2022

Introducción Las fracturas conminutas del polo distal de la patela representan un desafío para el cirujano de rodilla, pues no existe un tratamiento estándar que permita una rehabilitación acelerada. Recientemente se han descrito la osteosíntesis y la reinserción del polo distal utilizando asas de alambre verticales.

Materiales y métodos Presentamos dos casos de fractura conminuta del polo distal de la patela resueltos con asas de alambre verticales y modificaciones de esta técnica.

Resultados Se realizó osteosíntesis del polo distal de la patela, y se logró una reducción radiográfica satisfactoria, lo que permitió una rehabilitación acelerada, con un rango de movilidad progresivo a tolerancia desde el día siguiente tras la cirugía. Los pacientes lograron recuperar el rango de movimiento completo a los dos y tres meses de operados, evolucionaron satisfactoriamente, sin complicaciones relacionadas a esta técnica y sus variaciones, y recibieron el alta médica tras cuatro meses de la reducción y osteosíntesis.

Discusión Las técnicas tradicionales para el manejo de fracturas del polo distal implican consideraciones especiales en la rehabilitación y complicaciones asociadas. Se utilizó la técnica de asas de alambres verticales en dos pacientes: en uno de ellos, el procedimiento fue complementado con sutura tipo Krackow; y, en el otro, con una placa para minifragmentos, lo que permitió una rehabilitación acelerada y retorno precoz a sus actividades laborales.

Conclusión El uso de asas de alambre vertical aparece como una técnica segura, que permite una rehabilitación acelerada y un reintegro laboral precoz.

Nivel de evidencia: V.
Índice de recurrencia de tumor de células gigantes con curetaje y cementación
Authors: Rodríguez-Franco José Humberto
Published: May 2022

Objetivo Identificar la tasa de recurrencia de tumor de células gigantes (TCG) en pacientes tratados con curetaje y cementación con seguimiento mínimo de tres años.

Material y métodos Cohorte retrospectiva y observacional de pacientes con diagnóstico de TCG en estadios 1 y 2 de Enneking tratados con curetaje intralesional y cementación entre 1981 y 2011. Se registraron edad, sexo, región anatómica, y tiempo de recurrencia. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva con medidas de tendencia central y medidas de dispersión (desviación estándar) para variables cuantitativas, y porcentajes para variables cualitativas.

Resultados Entre 1981 y 2011, se identificaron 375 casos de TCG, de los cuales 141 (37,6%) fueron tratados con este método. El seguimiento fue de 48 a 240 meses, y la edad, de 27 ± 9 años; 45% de los pacientes eran mujeres, y 55%, varones, con una relación mujer:hombre de 1,2:1. El hueso más afectado fue la tibia (38%), seguida del fémur (32%), del húmero (16%), y del radio (10%). En 88,6%, la resección fue curetaje intralesional, y el resto, marginal. Hubo 15,7% de casos de TCG con fractura, y recidiva en 12,7%.

Discusión Se ha demostrado que este método de tratamiento reduce el riesgo de recurrencia por los efectos adyuvantes locales de la cementación acrílica. La recurrencia ocurre en los dos primeros años de seguimiento. Sin embargo, hay autores que respaldan que el margen quirúrgico es el único factor que influencia el riesgo de recurrencia local. La extensión extraósea del TCG no es contraindicación para curetaje intralesional y adyuvante con metilmetacrilato.

Conclusiones Reportamos tasa una de recurrencia similar a la de la literatura, siendo un recurso factible de reconstrucción de miembros.
Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 9: A New Case with a Novel Mutation and Review of Literature
Authors: Abdelrahman Hanadi A. , Akawi Nadia , Al-Shamsi Aisha M. , Al-Gazali Lihadh , Ali Bassam R.
Published: May 2022

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9 (PCH-9) is a very rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. Affected infants present early with severe developmental delay, spasticity, with the unique magnetic resonance imaging picture of thin corpus callosum, atrophied pons, and cerebellum. It is caused by loss of function mutations in the AMPD2 gene, encoding for the adenosine monophosphate deaminase enzyme-paralog 2. This gene is expressed in different somatic tissues with high level of expression in cerebellum and its encoded enzyme catalyzes a critical step in de novo biosynthesis of purines and its deficiency in the developing neurons severely affects neuronal differentiation and cell viability. We clinically evaluated an Emirati patient presented with severe developmental and growth delay, as well as corpus callosum agenesis and atrophy of brainstem and cerebellum. We performed exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and segregation analysis to identify the genetic cause of the phenotype, followed by in silico and in vitro analysis. We identified the novel variant (NM_004037.9:c.1471G > A) in AMPD2 gene leading to a single amino acid substitution (p.Gly491Arg) in adenosine monophosphate deaminase-2 enzyme. This variant is predicted to be pathogenic using several in silico tools, and resulted in a decrease in the enzyme function in the patient's polymorphonuclear cells by 82% (95% confidence interval: 73.3–91.7%, p = 0.029) compared with the control. This data establishes that the affected child is affected by PCH-9. Furthermore, we review all reported cases in literature to summarize the main clinical features of this rare disease.