bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Geschlechterrollenkonflikt und depressivem Syndrom bei männlichen Studierenden – Ergebnisse einer Online-Befragung an der Universität zu Köln
Authors: Karger Celina , Weber Rainer , Pförtner Timo-Kolja
Published: February 2025

Hintergrund

Studierende gelten laut Studienlage als besonders vulnerabel gegenüber einem depressiven Syndrom. Ergebnisse verschiedener Studien deuten zudem darauf hin, dass Depressionen bei Männern unterdiagnostiziert sind. Ein wesentlicher Grund hierfür liegt in der unzureichenden Berücksichtigung von Symptomen und Risikofaktoren einer Depression. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass ein Geschlechterrollenkonflikt ein potenzieller Risikofaktor für das Auftreten von depressiven Störungen bei Männern darstellt. Insbesondere Studierende sind aufgrund der spezifischen Belastungen während des Studiums in erhöhtem Maße von mentalen Belastungen betroffen.

Fragestellung

Die vorliegende Studie zielt darauf ab, den Zusammenhang zwischen unterschiedlichen Dimensionen eines Geschlechterrollenkonflikts und dem Auftreten eines depressiven Syndroms bei männlichen Studierenden zu analysieren.

Methodik

Im Sommersemester 2022 wurde eine Multicenterstudie an der Universität Köln durchgeführt, an welcher 867 Studenten teilgenommen haben. Das depressive Syndrom wurde mit dem „patient health questionnaire“ (PHQ-9) und der Geschlechterrollenkonflikt mithilfe der Gender-role-conflict-Skala (GRCS-SF) erhoben. Mittels multipler linearer Regression wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen depressiver Symptomlast und unterschiedlichen Dimensionen eines Geschlechterrollenkonflikts geschätzt, adjustiert nach Alter, angestrebtem Studienabschluss, Studienabbruchsgedanken, aktueller psychotherapeutischer Behandlung und mentaler Gesundheitskompetenz.

Ergebnisse

Ein depressives Syndrom wiesen 80,6 % der männlichen Studierenden auf, wobei bei 48,4 % der Verdacht auf das Vorliegen einer zumindest mittelgradigen Major-Depression bestand. Die depressive Symptomlast steigt signifikant für männliche Studierende, die restriktiver mit ihren Emotionen umgehen (t = 5,388, p < 0,001; B = 0,938; β = 0,213) und von einem höheren Konflikt zwischen Arbeit und Freizeit (mit besonderem Hinblick auf familiäre Aspekte) berichteten (t = 8,887, p < 0,001; B = 1,591; β = 0,332).

Schlussfolgerung

Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse bestätigen internationale Studien und unterstreichen damit die Notwendigkeit, männliche Studierende als Zielgruppe zur Prävention gegenüber mentalen Erkrankungen stärker zu fokussieren. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit sollte der Bewältigung von restriktiven Emotionen und möglichen Spannungen zwischen beruflichen und familiären Verpflichtungen gelegt werden.
Improving resilience through monodrama
Authors: Told Michaela R.
Published: February 2025

This research, published in the Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziomterie (ZPS), investigated the effectiveness of psychodrama interventions linked to resilience and political activism. The study explored the life of an exiled political journalist who had lived through a series of severely stressful situations. Different psychodrama techniques, namely the social atom, the safe place, the lifeline, the roleplay, the cultural atom and the suitcase of resources, were used to explore different aspects with the aim of strengthening the resilience of a political migrant and political activist. The psychodrama interventions were assessed through different quantitative questionnaires and were then cross-checked with the feedback received after each session and with the qualitative research tools used in this research. The psychodrama interventions were effective as they have improved the resilience of the client and provided new pathways for his way forward in life. The political context remained an important determinant of well-being and influenced the overall results.
The source of coronavirus anxiety: a longitudinal network analyses of the symptoms in the coronavirus anxiety scale (CAS) and their associations with depression, anxiety, stress and alcohol use
Authors: Tullett-Prado Deon , Gomez Rapson , Watson Shaun , Stavropoulos Vasileios
Published: February 2025

The Covid-19 Pandemic and subsequent actions taken by national/international organizations has generated a large amount of anxiety which may roam into the realm of pathology– COVID Anxiety. To measure this phenomenon, measures such as the CAS have been developed. The CAS being a self-report measure of anxiety-related physiologically symptoms that are aroused by information and thoughts related to COVID-19. However, as the CAS is fairly new it requires validation and examination. This study fulfils this need using Longitudinal Network Analysis. A total of 968, 462 and 276 adults from an Australian community sample across 3 time points completed the CAS, and measures of depression, anxiety, stress, and alcohol use. Regularized partial correlation network analysis (EBICglasso)was subsequently employed to examine the network structure of ratings of COVID anxiety symptoms as presented in the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and how these symptoms are related to distress (combination of depression, anxiety, stress) and alcohol use, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The network produced was found stable both cross-sectionally and across time. In terms of network structure, the most central CAS symptom identified being abdominal distress, followed by tonic immobility and the least being dizziness. Furthermore, the network revealed at least moderate effect size connections for tonic immobility with dizziness, sleep disturbances abdominal distress, and for abdominal distress with appetite loss. Additionally, distress was associated positively with dizziness, tonic immobility, and appetitive loss. Alcohol use was associated positively with dizziness and abdominal distress, and negatively with tonic immobility and appetitive loss. Overall, the findings showed a novel understanding of the structure of the COVID anxiety symptoms in the CAS, and how these symptoms are associated with distress and alcohol use. The clinical implications of the findings for assessment and treatment of COVID anxiety and its comorbidity with distress and alcohol use are discussed.
Microgravity Control of a Free Surface in Elliptical Containers Via Thermocapillary Flows
Authors: Jiménez Blanco Ignacio , Salgado Sánchez Pablo , Gligor Dan , Borshchak Kachalov Andriy , Arshadi Ali
Published: February 2025

We present here an extensive analysis of the free surface dynamics driven by the thermocapillary effect in half-filled elliptical containers in microgravity. Depending on the cell ellipticity

$$\delta $$

δ

, which selects the preferred static equilibrium via surface energy, and on the applied thermal forcing

$$\Delta T$$

Δ
T

, interesting dynamics are found. Simulations show that the steady, thermally-driven position of the interface — perpendicular to

$$\Delta T$$

Δ
T

— undergoes a pitchfork bifurcation at a critical

$$\delta _\textrm{cr}$$

δ
cr

that breaks the vertical reflection symmetry of the system. These results are supported by (leading order) estimates of the opposing thermocapillary and surface tension forces, predicting the linear dependence of

$$\delta _\textrm{cr}$$

δ
cr

on

$$\Delta T$$

Δ
T

. Finally, the free surface relaxation after switching off the thermal control is explored. As a whole, the present analysis indicates that one can combine thermocapillary flows and an adequate cell design to manipulate and control fluids in microgravity, with potential in a wide variety of applications.
Too much effort, too little reward? Dropout considerations of German elite athletes
Authors: Blessing Jonna , Hilpisch Celine , Krüger Karsten , Raab Markus , Wiese Lena , Zentgraf Karen , Mutz Michael
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Dropout, a premature end of a sporting career, is considered a major problem for the elite sports system. This paper examines factors that contribute to elite athletes’ considerations regarding dropout. Drawing on key theorizing from the sociology of work and organizations, we conceptualize dropout as the result of a reflexive process triggered by a perceived mismatch between effort and reward.

Methods

Empirically, we analyze survey data from N = 418 German elite athletes (M = 18.4 years; 53% male; 47% female) using multiple regression models. The sampled athletes represent the highest national squad levels of eight Olympic disciplines.

Results

Findings indicate that the interaction of high time investment (i.e., high effort) with lack of athletic success (i.e., low reward) is crucial for predicting dropout considerations. Furthermore, personal time and role conflicts, injuries and a negative emotional training climate are risk factors for dropout, whereas positive training-related emotions prevent athletes from dropping out.

Conclusion

Findings support the notion that athletes in periods of high effort and low rewards are vulnerable to considering a premature end to their careers. We argue for personalized support for athletes facing such a gratification crisis.
Localized environmental variability within the Hindukush-Himalayan region of Pakistan
Authors: Haq Fazlul , Afreen Munazza , Mark Bryan G. , Rahman Ghani , Shum C. K. , Shutkin Tal Y. , Tjoelker Adam R.
Published: February 2025

The Hindukush-Himalayan (HKH) region, known for its eco-environmental importance, has been witnessing transformations in recent years governed by factors such as climate variability, land use shifts, and population growth. These changes have profound implications for regional sustainability, water resources, and livelihood. This study attempts to explore the spatial and temporal variability in selected environmental parameters including land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation patterns, and normalized difference snow index (NDSI), and land use land cover (LULC) from 1990 to 2022 using Landsat imageries (30 m spatial resolution), CHIRPS precipitation data at 0.05° spatial resolution. The study area spans 32,000 km2 covering two major political/administrative divisions (Malakand and Hazara) in the HKH region of Pakistan. The study area was selected primarily because of the unprecedented changes over the last three decades. For detailed spatial analysis, the area was divided into five elevation zones and LST, NDVI, NDSI, and LULC analyses were conducted utilizing primarily the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and climate engine. The study results revealed a notable rise in LST in the lowest elevation zone. The NDVI and LULC analyses revealed a noticeable decline in vegetation cover from 5988 km2 in 1990, to 4225 km2 by 2010, followed by a growth to 7669 km2 in 2022, since 2010 after the launching of the Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project (BTTAP) in 2013. Likewise, the precipitation patterns exhibit transitioning from low to high precipitation levels. However, the most notable finding of the study is the marked decline in snow covered area 7000 km2 to 3800 km2 between 1990 and 2022.
Innovative laboratory techniques shaping cancer diagnosis and treatment in developing countries
Authors: Lawal Azeez Okikiola , Ogunniyi Tolutope Joseph , Oludele Oriire Idunnuoluwa , Olorunfemi Oluwaloseyi Ayomipo , Okesanya Olalekan John , Ogaya Jerico Bautista , Manirambona Emery , Ahmed Mohamed Mustaf , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo
Published: February 2025

Cancer is a major global health challenge, with approximately 19.3 million new cases and 10 million deaths estimated by 2020. Laboratory advancements in cancer detection have transformed diagnostic capabilities, particularly through the use of biomarkers that play crucial roles in risk assessment, therapy selection, and disease monitoring. Tumor histology, single-cell technology, flow cytometry, molecular imaging, liquid biopsy, immunoassays, and molecular diagnostics have emerged as pivotal tools for cancer detection. The integration of artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning and convolutional neural networks, has enhanced the diagnostic accuracy and data analysis capabilities. However, developing countries face significant challenges including financial constraints, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and limited access to advanced diagnostic technologies. The impact of COVID-19 has further complicated cancer management in resource-limited settings. Future research should focus on precision medicine and early cancer diagnosis through sophisticated laboratory techniques to improve prognosis and health outcomes. This review examines the evolving landscape of cancer detection, focusing on laboratory research breakthroughs and limitations in developing countries, while providing recommendations for advancing tumor diagnostics in resource-constrained environments.
Fekete-szegö results for certain class of meromorphic functions using $$q-$$derivative operator
Authors: Mostafa A. O. , El-Hawsh G. M.
Published: February 2025

In the present paper, we introduce the subclasses

$$\sum _{b}^{*}\left( q,\phi \right) $$

∑

b

∗

q
,
ϕ

and

$$\sum _{b}^{*}\left( \alpha ,q,\phi \right) $$

∑

b

∗

α
,
q
,
ϕ

of meromorphic functions

$$f\left( z\right) $$

f

z

satisfying

$$1+\frac{1}{b}\left[ -\frac{qzD_{q}^{*}f(z)}{f(z)}-1\right] \prec \phi (z)$$

1
+

1
b

-

q
z

D

q

∗

f

(
z
)

f
(
z
)

-
1

≺
ϕ

(
z
)

and

$$1+\frac{1}{b}\left[ \frac{-\left( 1-\frac{\alpha }{q}\right) qzD_{q}^{*}f\left( z\right) +\alpha qzD_{q}^{*}\left[ zD_{q}^{*}f\left( z\right) \right] }{\left( 1-\frac{\alpha }{q}\right) f\left( z\right) -\alpha zD_{q}^{*}f\left( z\right) }-1\right] \prec \phi (z)\ (b\in \mathbb {C} ^{*}=\mathbb {C}\backslash \left\{ 0\right\} ,\ $$

1
+

1
b

-

1
-

α
q

q
z

D

q

∗

f

z

+
α
q
z

D

q

∗

z

D

q

∗

f

z

1
-

α
q

f

z

-
α
z

D

q

∗

f

z

-
1

≺
ϕ

(
z
)

(
b
∈

C

∗

=
C
\

0

,

$$\alpha \in \mathbb {C}\backslash (0,1],\ \operatorname {Re}(\alpha )\ge 0,\ 0<q<1)$$

α
∈
C
\
(
0
,
1
]
,

Re
(
α
)
≥
0
,

0
<
q
<
1
)

, respectively. Sharp bounds for the Fekete-Szegö functional

$$\left| a_{1}-\mu a_{0}^{2}\right| $$

a
1

-
μ

a

0

2

are obtained.
The mean field market model revisited
Authors: Hasenbichler Manuel , Müller Wolfgang , Thonhauser Stefan
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present an alternative perspective on the mean-field LIBOR market model introduced by Desmettre et al. (Int J Theor Appl Finance, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219024922500054). Our novel approach embeds the mean-field model in a classical setup, but retains the crucial feature of controlling the term rate’s variances over large time horizons. This maintains the market model’s practicability, since calibrations and simulations can be carried out efficiently without nested simulations. In addition, we show that our framework can be directly applied to model in-arrear term rates derived from SOFR, ESTR or other nearly risk-free overnight short-term rates—a crucial feature since many IBOR rates are gradually being replaced. These results are complemented by a calibration study and some theoretical arguments which allow to estimate the probability of unrealistically high rates in the presented market models.
A case of posterior and reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient previously undiagnosed with lupus nephritis
Authors: Kadoh Yoichi , Yoshino Jun , Oka Tomohiro , Itoga Kenichi , Hanada Maki , Niino Daisuke , Nagai Atsushi , Ichinose Kunihiro , Kanda Takeshi
Published: February 2025

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare clinico-neuroradiologic disease associated with various conditions, such as hypertension, eclampsia, chronic kidney disease, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we present the case of the unusual occurrence of PRES with hypertensive emergency and renal insufficiency in a 37-year-old woman previously undiagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis. The patient was emergently admitted to our hospital with sudden onset of visual impairment, headache, and high blood pressure, and she was eventually diagnosed with PRES by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Her PRES-associated clinical symptoms and MRI abnormalities were improved following anti-hypertensive treatment with calcium channel blocker. A kidney biopsy revealed diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with a full-house immunofluorescence pattern and fibrinoid necrosis in small blood vessels, suggesting a class IV-G (A) lupus nephritis with vasculitis. The immunosuppressive therapy with intravenous methylprednisolone pulse followed by oral prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, and intravenous belimumab, attenuated SLE-associated clinical manifestations including butterfly rush, edema, renal dysfunction, and proteinuria. Our case highlights the need to consider PRES as an initial clinical presentation of lupus nephritis and provide the early diagnosis and timely treatment to achieve a favorable outcome.
Fracture evolution in steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) of tunnel under static and dynamic loading based on DEM-FDM coupling model
Authors: Chen Yu , Yu Dongfeng , Wang Yixian , Zhao Yanlin , Lin Hang , Meng Jingjing , Wu Haoliang
Published: February 2025

The frequent or occasional impact loads pose serious threats to the service safety of conventional concrete structures in tunnel. In this paper, a novel three-dimensional mesoscopic model of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) is constructed by discrete element method. The model encompasses the concrete matrix, aggregate, interfacial transition zone and steel fibers, taking into account the random shape of the coarse aggregate and the stochastic distribution of steel fibers. It captures microscopic-level interactions among the coarse aggregate, steel fibers, and matrix. Subsequently, a comprehensive procedure is formulated to calibrate the microscopic parameters required by the model, and the reliability of the model is verified by comparing with the experimental results. Furthermore, a coupled finite difference method-discrete element method approach is used to construct the model of the split Hopkinson pressure bar. Compression tests are simulated on SFRC specimens with varying steel fiber contents under static and dynamic loading conditions. Finally, based on the advantages of DEM analysis at the mesoscopic level, this study analyzed mechanisms of enhancement and crack arrest in SFRC. It shed a light on the perspectives of interface failure process, microcrack propagation, contact force field evolution and energy analysis, offering valuable insights for related mining engineering applications.
The effect of the intermediate principal stress on pillar strength
Authors: Maina Duncan , Konietzky Heinz
Published: February 2025

Room and pillar mining is an underground mining method that utilizes natural pillar support to control rock mass behavior, ensuring mine stability and a safe mine environment. This study specifically documents the influence of the intermediate principal stress component on the pillar behavior. So far only classical failure criteria ignoring the influence of the intermediate principal stress component were used for underground pillar design. By using an extended Hoek–Brown failure criterion in comparison with the classical Hoek–Brown failure criterion, the influence of the intermediate principal stress component is documented by indicating those areas where the failure criterion is violated. This study demonstrates, that depending on the rock type, the intermediate principal stress component can have a significant effect. Ignoring this influence can lead to uneconomic pillar design and incorrect determination of the factor of safety.
An Empathy Training for Sensitizing Adolescents for Cyberbullying on Social Media: A Cross-National Study
Authors: Börsting Johanna , Schwarze Veronica , Theophilou Emily , Sánchez-Reina J. Roberto , Odakura Valguima , Taibi Davide , Scifo Lidia , Fulantelli Giovanni , Hernández-Leo Davinia , Eimler Sabrina C.
Published: February 2025

Young people worldwide use social media. Besides the benefits, such as communication, entertainment, or social support, users also have to deal with negative incidents, such as cyberbullying and its serious consequences. One key factor in mitigating cyberbullying is empathy. Therefore, we developed an empathy training for adolescents, which is led by a virtual learning companion in a social media-like environment and includes direct conversations between the user and the virtual learning companion as well as a video explicating the concept of empathy. This empathy training shall contribute to decreasing users’ bullying intentions and increasing their empathy. Since previous research shows that social media use and cyberbullying are linked to country-specific factors, we evaluated the empathy training in a cross-national experimental study with N = 332 participants from Brazil, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Data were collected via surveys during workshops in schools. Among others, participants answered questions regarding their cyberbullying intentions, levels of cognitive and affective empathy, intentions to help a victim of cyberbullying, and perceived support of the measure. Results show neither decreased bullying intentions nor increased empathy after empathy training. However, cross-national differences were found. Participants’ intentions to bully were significantly higher in Spain and Brazil than in Germany. Furthermore, in the current study, cognitive and affective empathy was significantly higher in the Italian sample than in the German sample. Possibilities for improving the empathy training and the role of cross-national differences are discussed.
Robots, Dogs, and Drags: The Politics of Reading and Being Read
Authors: Sundström Sjödin Elin , Rahm Lina
Published: February 2025

Employing a mixed postqualitative methods approach, this article examines the concept of reading imaginaries in public library events in three cases where children read with robots, dogs, and drag performers. Using the critical analytical tools of sociotechnical imaginaries and matters of care, we regard our cases as containers for resolving societal problems, and we explore how they contain societal expectations and imaginaries about reading and literacy in postdigital ecologies. The care practices observed in our case studies transcend digital technologies, encompassing broader and politically charged issues and the importance of situating the hype and fear surrounding emerging technologies, such as AI, within a more comprehensive and far-reaching framework. As concerns over privacy, data flows, and security increasingly extend to analog technologies such as books, curriculum content, and the embodiment of educators, mediated public discourse continues to play a significant role in shaping these dynamics. An example of this is how drag reading events become hot-button issues in a politicised and polarised school debate, while dogs and robots do not.
Improving the Sustainability of Public Health Interventions: The INNOVATE Model
Authors: Haregu Tilahun , Kwasnicka Dominika , Shrestha Abha , Lynch Chris , Absetz Pilvikki , Miranda J. Jaime , Thankappan Kavumpurathu R. , Oldenburg Brian
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Improving the sustainability of public health interventions is a priority for policymakers and program implementers. However, existing theories, models, and frameworks focus on describing constructs, processes, and measures of sustainability. Models to guide the improvement of sustainability of public health interventions are currently lacking.

Objective

To develop an evidence-based model that can systematically guide the improvement of the sustainability of public health interventions.

Methods

We used a systematic and multi-stage approach to iteratively develop the model. A narrative review of the sustainability literature identified key constructs relevant to the improvement mechanisms of sustainability. Identified constructs were then developed into stages and activities. We applied the resulting model to guide development of improvement strategies in four public health interventions in Southeast Asia, verifying the applicability of the model to real-life contexts.

Findings

Evidence from 8 systematic reviews; 60 theories, models, and frameworks of sustainability; and 24 measures of sustainability, were used to develop the model. Expert review and real-world evaluation further refined the model. The resulting INNOVATE model has eight stages: Identify the mechanisms; Narrate determinants; Navigate strategies; Optimize the acquisition of resources; Validate strategies; Apply strategies; Tailor evaluation of the strategies; and Enhance the applied strategies and their implementation. Within each stage, there are five activities (IDEAL): Inform with quality evidence; Dedicate efforts to nurture local leaders/champions; Engage relevant stakeholders; Adapt to the local context; and Leverage tacit and local knowledge. The initial model was used to identify practical strategies for improving the sustainability of four public health interventions in Southeast Asia.

Conclusion

By applying the five activities within each of the eight stages, the INNOVATE model can systematically guide the improvement of the sustainability of public health interventions.
Hydrodynamic analysis of floating VLFS using multi-domain boundary element method
Authors: Hemanth S. , Karmakar D.
Published: February 2025

The present study emphasizes the investigation of rigid and flexible Very Large Floating Structures (VLFS) by analyzing the reflection and transmission coefficients, plate deflections and wave force on the floating structure. The study involves analyzing the hydrodynamic characteristics of a porous and rigid VLFS, and hydroelastic analysis of flexible VLFS. The analysis is performed using the coupled Multi-Domain Boundary Element Method (MDBEM) and Finite Difference Method (FDM) at finite water depth. The flexible VLFS is modelled based on the Euler–Bernoulli thin plate theory and the study is performed using small amplitude wave theory. The study evaluates the hydroelastic behaviour in terms of structural deflection and hydrodynamic parameters by varying the structural porosity. The reflection and transmission coefficients are analyzed to show the extent of wave propagation on the lee side and the seaside of the structure. The wave force coefficients obtained signify the importance of the structure's orientation for the oncoming waves. The numerical results are validated with the results available in the literature. The analysis is performed for different structural and material properties to obtain the minimal hydroelastic and hydrodynamic response to assess the optimum design criteria and suitability of the type of VLFS, thereby maintaining the stability of the structure for safer operations.
Development and evaluation of punching mechanism for de-seeding of ber fruit
Authors: Komatineni Bharath Kumar , Manjula B. , Meena Sanwal Singh , Kumar V. Kavan , Dwivedi Utkarsh , Saikumar Akuleti , Krishna Seelam Jaya , Vishwakarma Sumit Kumar
Published: February 2025

Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) commonly known as Indian jujube, is an underutilized seasonal fruit rich in nutrients and consumed directly. A punching type mechanism was developed to separate the seed and pulp of ber fruit, based on the analysis of its physical (length, width, thickness measured by vernier caliper) and mechanical properties (cutting and extruding forces measured by texture analyzer). The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the physical parameters (width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter) were strongly correlated with the sphericity and surface area of the ber fruits and seeds, whereas length was not significantly correlated. The developed punching type de-seeding mechanism consists of a fruit resting seat, punching rod, guider, crank and lever mechanism, supporting stand, handle, and base. The performance of the developed de-seeder was analyzed, showing fruit pulp wastage from 1.89% to 8.62% and efficiency from 91.38% to 98.11%. The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that the performance parameters (pulp wastage and efficiency) of de-seeder are negatively correlated. The capacity of the developed de-seeder varies from 15 – 17 kg/ h and 220 – 280 fruits/ h. The developed de-seeder reduces the labour requirement by 67%. In economic evaluation, the de-seeder has reduced the cost of operation (₹ h−1) by 73% and increase the net benefit (₹ year−1) by 6960 over manual operation. Its high efficiency and less pulp wastage make the machine preferable for progressive farmers.

Graphical Abstract
How and When Ethics-oriented Human Resource Management Systems Promote Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Moderated Mediation of Work-Family Balance and Moral Attentiveness
Authors: Shahzad Khuram , Gu Jun , Mitchell Rebecca , Hong Ying , De Sisto Marco , Luo Yumeng
Published: February 2025

Employees’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is an important determinant of organizational effectiveness; hence, scholars and practitioners are particularly interested in the factors, mechanisms, and conditions that promote such behaviors. Guided by the ability–motivation–opportunity framework, we draw on the social cognitive theory of moral thought and action to conceptualize a model that delineates the role of ethics-oriented human resource management (HRM) systems in promoting OCBs through the mediating role of employees’ moral attentiveness. We also refer to the job demands–resources theory to describe the moderating role of work-family balance in the indirect relationship between HRM systems and OCBs. The findings of an experiment involving 157 working adults (Study 1) and a three-wave field survey of 328 employees (Study 2) converge to support the hypothesized direct and indirect (via moral attentiveness) relationships between ethics-oriented HRM systems and OCBs as well as the first-stage moderating role of work-family balance.
Reflections on the relevance of updated, standardised, and reliable data on sexual and gender-based violence for research and policymaking for eradication, response, and prevention in Sierra Leone
Authors: del Villar Zinnya , Spinardi Anna , Yáñez Ivette , Sotolongo Alina , Lana Ana Deborah , Fernandez Nieto Berenice , Antoniassi Yara , Fuentes-Nieva Ricardo , Letouzé Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

Sexual and gender–based violence (SGBV) is a multifaceted, endemic, and nefarious phenomenon that remains poorly measured and understood, despite greater global awareness of the issue. While efforts to improve data collection methods have increased–including the implementation of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in some countries–the lack of reliable SGBV data remains a significant challenge to developing targeted policy interventions and advocacy initiatives. Using a recent mixed–methods research project conducted by the authors in Sierra Leone as a case study, this paper discusses the current status of SGBV data, challenges faced, and potential research a pproaches.
Anticipating climate change-related mobility in Karachi and Ho Chi Minh City: lessons from a hybrid foresight approach
Authors: Martin Aaron , Kistemaker Boukje , Allen Beth , Jones Bryan
Published: February 2025

Climate change exacerbates existing risks and vulnerabilities for people globally, and migration is a longstanding adaptation response to climate risk. The mechanisms through which climate change shapes human mobility are complex, however, and gaps in data and knowledge persist. In response to these gaps, the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) Predictive Analytics, Human Mobility, and Urbanization Project employed a hybrid approach that combined predictive analytics with participatory foresight to explore climate change-related mobility in Pakistan and Viet Nam from 2020 to 2050. Focusing on Karachi and Ho Chi Minh City, the project estimated temporal and spatial mobility patterns under different climate change scenarios and evaluated the impact of such in-migration across key social, political, economic, and environmental domains. Findings indicate that net migration into these cities could significantly increase under extreme climate scenarios, highlighting both the complex spatial patterns of population change and the potential for anticipatory policies to mitigate these impacts. While extensive research exists on foresight methods and theory, process reflections are underrepresented. The innovative approach employed within this project offers valuable insights on foresight exercise design choices and their implications for effective stakeholder engagement, as well as the applicability and transferability of insights in support of policymaking. Beyond substantive findings, this paper offers a critical reflection on the methodological alignment of data-driven and participatory foresight with the aim of anticipatory policy ideation, seeking to contribute to the enhanced effectiveness of foresight practices.
Hyperbolic Metric Spaces and Stochastic Embeddings
Authors: Gartland Chris
Published: February 2025

Stochastic embeddings of finite metric spaces into graph-theoretic trees have proven to be a vital tool for constructing approximation algorithms in theoretical computer science. In the present work, we build out some of the basic theory of stochastic embeddings in the infinite setting with an aim toward applications to Lipschitz free space theory. We prove that proper metric spaces stochastically embedding into
$\mathbb {R}$
-trees have Lipschitz free spaces isomorphic to
$L^1$
-spaces. We then undergo a systematic study of stochastic embeddability of Gromov hyperbolic metric spaces into
$\mathbb {R}$
-trees by way of stochastic embeddability of their boundaries into ultrametric spaces. The following are obtained as our main results: (1) every snowflake of a compact, finite Nagata-dimensional metric space stochastically embeds into an ultrametric space and has Lipschitz free space isomorphic to
$\ell ^1$
, (2) the Lipschitz free space over hyperbolic n-space is isomorphic to the Lipschitz free space over Euclidean n-space and (3) every infinite, finitely generated hyperbolic group stochastically embeds into an
$\mathbb {R}$
-tree, has Lipschitz free space isomorphic to
$\ell ^1$
, and admits a proper, uniformly Lipschitz affine action on
$\ell ^1$
.
Complements and coregularity of Fano varieties
Authors: Figueroa Fernando , Filipazzi Stefano , Moraga Joaquín , Peng Junyao
Published: February 2025

We study the relation between the coregularity, the index of log Calabi–Yau pairs and the complements of Fano varieties. We show that the index of a log Calabi–Yau pair
$(X,B)$
of coregularity
$1$
is at most
$120\lambda ^2$
, where
$\lambda $
is the Weil index of
$K_X+B$
. This extends a recent result due to Filipazzi, Mauri and Moraga. We prove that a Fano variety of absolute coregularity
$0$
admits either a
$1$
-complement or a
$2$
-complement. In the case of Fano varieties of absolute coregularity
$1$
, we show that they admit an N-complement with N at most 6. Applying the previous results, we prove that a klt singularity of absolute coregularity
$0$
admits either a
$1$
-complement or
$2$
-complement. Furthermore, a klt singularity of absolute coregularity
$1$
admits an N-complement with N at most 6. This extends the classic classification of
$A,D,E$
-type klt surface singularities to arbitrary dimensions. Similar results are proved in the case of coregularity
$2$
. In the course of the proof, we prove a novel canonical bundle formula for pairs with bounded relative coregularity. In the case of coregularity at least
$3$
, we establish analogous statements under the assumption of the index conjecture and the boundedness of B-representations.
AN ANALOGUE OF AN IDENTITY OF JACOBI
Authors: CHAN HENG HUAT , CHAN SONG HENG , SOLÉ PATRICK
Published: February 2025

H. H. Chan, K. S. Chua and P. Solé [‘Quadratic iterations to

$\pi $

associated to elliptic functions to the cubic and septic base’, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.355(4) (2002), 1505–1520] found that, for each positive integer d, there are theta series

$A_d, B_d$

and

$C_d$

of weight one that satisfy the Pythagoras-like relationship

$A_d^2=B_d^2+C_d^2$

. In this article, we show that there are two collections of theta series

$A_{b,d}, B_{b,d}$

and

$C_{b,d}$

of weight one that satisfy

$A_{b,d}^2=B_{b,d}^2+C_{b,d}^2,$

where b and d are certain integers.
28 days later: A prospective daily study on psychological well-being across the menstrual cycle and the effects of hormones and oral contraceptives
Authors: Doornweerd Anne Marieke , Gerritsen Lotte
Published: February 2025

Background

We aimed to study how hormonal status (oral contraceptive [OC] users vs naturally cycling [NC]) affects different dimensions and variability of psychological well-being, and how they relate to sex hormone levels (estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone).

Methods

Twenty-two NC participants and 18 OC users reported daily affective and physical symptoms and collected daily salivary samples across 28 days. Groups were compared using psychological well-being averages (linear mixed models), day-to-day variability (Levene’s test), and network models. Within NC participants, cycle phase effects and time-varying associations between hormones and psychological well-being were assessed using both person-centered mean and change (subtracting mean from daily score) scores.

Results

Lowered variability was found for OC users’ agitation, risk-taking, attractiveness, and energy levels. They showed lower overall ratings of happiness, attractiveness, risk-taking, and energy levels (range R2m = .004: .019) but also reported more relaxation, sexual desire, and better sleep quality (range R2m = .005; .01) compared to the NC group. The impact of sex hormones on psychological well-being varied significantly across cycle phases, with the largest effects for progesterone levels.

Conclusions

Our results confirm that hormonal status is associated with a range of psychological well-being domains beyond mood and sexual desire, including energy levels, feelings of attractiveness, risk taking, and agitation. Lowered variability in OC users versus NC participants fit with ‘emotional blunting’ as a possible mechanism behind OC’s side effects. Our findings that show the menstrual cycle and sex hormones differentially influenced markers of psychological well-being emphasize the need to adequately account for the menstrual cycle.
Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating repetitive negative thinking, rumination, and worry – a transdiagnostic meta-analysis
Authors: Stenzel Kilian Leander , Keller Joshua , Kirchner Lukas , Rief Winfried , Berg Max
Published: February 2025

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process associated with the onset, maintenance, and risk of relapse of various mental disorders. However, previous research syntheses addressing the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on RNT are limited to specific diagnoses, treatments, or RNT constructs (transdiagnostic RNT, worry, rumination). In the present meta-analysis, we integrate findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT on RNT across diagnoses, intervention types, and RNT constructs. We investigate the following questions: What is the overall transdiagnostic efficacy of CBT interventions on all post-treatment RNT outcomes? Which RNT construct is addressed most effectively? Are RNT-specific treatments superior in reducing RNT than less specific approaches? Inclusion criteria were met by 55 studies with a total of 4,970 participants. The overall post-treatment effect of CBT interventions on RNT compared to respective control groups was moderate in favor of CBT (g = −0.67). Treatment efficacy did not differ significantly by RNT construct. RNT-specific interventions (g = −0.99) were significantly more efficacious in reducing RNT than less specific approaches (g = −0.56). Treatment efficacy was not significantly enhanced by individual or in-person settings. Our results advocate a dissemination of RNT-specific treatments in research and practice and a general improvement of CBT treatments by focusing on relevant transdiagnostic processes such as RNT.
Coronary stent embolization during percutaneous ductal stenting in a premature baby: history of a successful stent retrieval with “indirect stent snary” technique
Authors: Pilati Mara , Rebonato Micol , Butera Gianfranco
Published: February 2025

Patent ductal arteriosus stenting is an alternative procedure in patients with pulmonary-ductal-dependent circulation. Stent embolization is one of the major acute complications of ductal stenting procedure. We describe the case of a stent embolization into the abdominal aorta during the deployment of ductal stent in a premature low-weight infant (1.850 kg), affected by critical pulmonary stenosis and duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. The stent was successfully retrieved through a 4F Flexor catheter without vascular complication by using a new approach.
Hybrid subxiphoid pulmonary valve replacement in a Toddler: focus on technical tips
Authors: Mohammad Nijres Bassel , Kouatli Amjad , Karimi Mohsen
Published: February 2025

Pulmonary valve replacement in small children is rarely needed; when performed, it is usually done surgically. Herein, we describe a hybrid technique for pulmonary valve replacement through a small subxiphoid incision in a Toddler without utilising the cardiopulmonary bypass machine. The procedural technique is thoroughly explained. Collaboration between paediatric cardiology and cardiovascular surgery teams achieved optimal outcome with minimised invasiveness.
Maize Yield Changes Under Sulfate Aerosol Climate Intervention Using Three Global Gridded Crop Models
Authors: Clark Brendan , Robock Alan , Xia Lili , Rabin Sam S. , Guarin Jose R. , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Jägermeyr Jonas
Published: February 2025

As the severity of climate change and its associated impacts continue to worsen, schemes for artificially cooling surface temperatures via planetary albedo modification are being studied. The method with the most attention in the literature is stratospheric sulfate aerosol intervention (SAI). Placing reflective aerosols in the stratosphere would have profound impacts on the entire Earth system, with potentially far‐reaching societal impacts. How global crop productivity would be affected by such an intervention strategy is still uncertain, and existing evidence is based on theoretical experiments or isolated modeling studies that use crop models missing key processes associated with SAI that affect plant growth, development, and ultimately yield. Here, we utilize three global gridded process‐based crop models to better understand the potential impacts of one SAI scenario on global maize productivity. Two of the crop models that simulate diffuse radiation fertilization show similar, yet small increases in global maize productivity from increased diffuse radiation. Three crop models show diverse responses to the same climate perturbation from SAI relative to the reference future climate change scenario. We find that future SAI implementation relative to a climate change scenario benefits global maize productivity ranging between 0% and 11% depending on the crop model. These production increases are attributed to reduced surface temperatures and higher fractions of diffuse radiation. The range across model outcomes highlights the need for more systematic multi‐model ensemble assessments using multiple climate model forcings under different SAI scenarios.
Relative Importance of Mid‐Level and Low‐Level Vortices in Tropical Cyclogenesis Inferred From Experiments on Sensitivity to Radiation
Authors: Teng Yusheng , Tang Xiaodong
Published: February 2025

The associated dynamics of mid‐level and low‐level vortices and their relative importance in tropical cyclogenesis (TCG) are less studied and understood to date. The issues are studied using the sensitivity of TCG to radiation as a tool. Three groups of idealized full‐physics ensemble experiments with distinct solar insolation conditions are conducted: the control group with real diurnal radiation, the day‐only, and the night‐only groups for comparison. New findings are that the daytime radiative condition is more favorable for mid‐level vorticity development than the nighttime one. This is because stratiform clouds cover a large area and dominate radiative heating, inducing a greater vertical gradient of diabatic heating at altitudes of 4–6 km through increased evaporation cooling most at about 4 km and decrease of latent heat release above about 6 km. However, the vorticity budgets show that the stronger mid‐level vortex cannot extend downward to enhance the low‐level vortex. Moreover, daytime solar radiation increases the low‐level stability and suppresses convective development at the edge of cold pools, weakening low‐level convergence of advective vorticity flux, and limiting low‐level vorticity enhancement. Therefore, TCG is delayed in day‐only experiments compared to others. These results reveal that the acceleration of TCG by longwave radiation is primarily caused by the enhancement of low‐level convergence of advective vorticity flux, which tends to occur at nighttime without solar insolation. The study suggests that the development of low‐level vortex is more important to TCG relative to mid‐level vortex with radiative effects.
The role of plasma inflammatory markers in late-life depression and conversion to dementia: a 3-year follow-up study
Authors: Bocharova M. , Borza T. , Watne L. O. , Engedal K. , O’Brien J. T. , Selbæk G. , Idland A. V. , Hodsoll J. , Young A. H. , Aarsland D.
Published: February 2025

Late-life depression (LLD) has been linked to increased likelihood of dementia, although mechanisms responsible for this association remain largely unknown. One feature frequently observed in both LLD and dementia is elevated levels of plasma inflammatory markers. The present study aimed to compare the levels of 12 plasma inflammatory markers between older people with LLD and controls, and to explore whether these markers, along with clinical characteristics, can predict dementia in patients with LLD within 3 years of follow-up. Using multiple linear regression with stepwise adjustment, we compared levels of plasma inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17a, IL-18, IL-33, TNFα, CD40L, IFN-γ, CCL-2 and CCL-4) between 136 inpatients with LLD (PRODE cohort) and 103 cognitively healthy non-depressed controls (COGNORM cohort). In the PRODE cohort, follow-up data was available for 139 patients (of them 123 had data on baseline plasma inflammatory markers); 36 (25.9%) developed dementia by Year 3 (n = 31 for those with cytokine data). Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we explored whether inflammatory markers and clinical characteristics of LLD (age of onset, treatment response, number of episodes) predicted progression to dementia during follow-up. Levels of IL-1ra, CCL-2, CCL-4, IFN-γ and IL-17a were significantly higher in LLD patients compared to controls in the majority of models. However, none of the inflammatory markers predicted progression from LLD to dementia in the PRODE cohort. Among clinical features, only poor response to treatment significantly predicted higher risk of progression to dementia.