bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical approach for calculation of aperture efficiency enhancement of horn antennas using a thin metal cylinder
Authors: Ordek Sezgin , Kizilay Ahmet
Published: December 2022

This study aims to increase horn antenna gain and aperture efficiency in a way that are compatible with aperture electric field distribution similar to TE10 rectangular waveguide mode using analytical calculation method. The proposed analytical approach can be useful to calculate the performance of a horn antenna design with thin (r«λ) perfect electric conductor (PEC) cylinder placed on the antenna aperture dividing H‐plane. In the analytical solution, the aperture field distribution is obtained by solving the electromagnetic scattering from an infinitely long cylinder placed in front of the aperture. This structure not only improves the aperture electric field amplitude distribution but also corrects phase errors in the horn antenna. An X‐band pyramid horn antenna is manufactured by using three‐dimensional (3‐D) printer and coated with aluminum tape. The measurement results of the 3‐D printed antenna are also compared with the simulation results. The antenna gain is measured with and without the PEC cylinder on the aperture. It is found that, the antenna gain is increased by 1 dB. The results of the proposed analytical calculation method are compared with the simulation and measurement results and justified.
2‐step process for 5.4% CuGaSe2 solar cell using fluorine doped tin oxide transparent back contacts
Authors: Thomere Angélica , Placidi Marcel , Guc Maxim , Tiwari Kunal , Fonoll‐Rubio Robert , Izquierdo‐Roca Victor , Perez‐Rodriguez Alejandro , Li‐Kao Zacharie Jehl
Published: December 2022

As single‐junction solar cells are approaching theoretical limits, multijunction solar cells are becoming increasingly relevant, and low‐cost wider bandgap light harvesters in tandem with silicon are the next frontier in thin film photovoltaic research. Cu‐based chalcogenide compounds have achieved great success as standard absorbers, but performance for bandgaps above 1.5 eV is still lacking. Additionally, the use of transparent back contacts remains challenging for this class of materials. In this work, we report on the fabrication of wide bandgap CuGaSe2 absorbers by a combination of metallic sputtering and reactive thermal annealing grown on transparent fluorine‐doped tin oxide‐coated glass substrate. The annealing temperature is carefully tuned in regard to material and photovoltaic device properties. The introduction of an ultrathin Mo interlayer at the CuGaSe2/back interface favors a higher contact's ohmicity and results in an important improvement of all figures of merit. A record conversion efficiency of 5.4% is obtained, which is the highest value reported for this class of absorber on transparent back contact. Fundamental material characterization of the as‐grown CuGaSe2 films reveals a better homogeneity in Cu distribution throughout the absorber's thickness when using a Mo interlayer, along with an enhanced crystalline quality. The sub‐bandgap transparency of the final device remains perfectible, and improvement pathways are proposed using transfer matrix‐based optical modeling, suggesting to use more specular interfaces to enhance optical transmission.
Communicating for workplace connection: A longitudinal study of the outcomes of listening training on teachers' autonomy, psychological safety, and relational climate
Authors: Itzchakov Guy , Weinstein Netta , Vinokur Eli , Yomtovian Avinoam
Published: December 2022

Training teachers to listen may enable them to experience increasingly attentive and open peer relationships at work. In the present research, we examined the outcomes of a year‐long listening training on school teachers' listening abilities and its downstream consequences on their relational climate, autonomy, and psychological safety. Teachers in two elementary schools engaged in a similar listening training program throughout the entire school year. The measures included indicators of a supportive relational climate that are known to be important to teacher well‐being, namely, autonomy, psychological safety, and relational energy. Results of growth curve modeling showed linear increases in all three outcomes, such that more listening training corresponded to a more positive relational climate. Specifically, the teachers reported increasingly higher quality listening from their group‐member teachers, felt more autonomy‐satisfied, psychologically safe, and relationally energetic. Furthermore, latent growth curve modeling indicated that the teachers' listening perception was positively and significantly associated with all three outcomes. We concluded that listening training is associated with teachers perceiving higher quality listening from their peers and, therefore, feeling more autonomy satisfied, psychologically safe, and relationally energetic and discuss theoretical and practical implications.
Correction on link relative based approach to CUSUM chart
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Khoo Michael B. C. , Nayab Ayesha , Zafar Raja Fawad
Published: December 2022

Link relative‐based approach was used in an article (see reference 1) to enhance the performance of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart. This technique involves the use of firstly, the link relative variable to convert the process observations in a relative to the mean form and secondly, optimal constants to define a new variable which is used as the plotting statistic of the link relative CUSUM chart. In this article, it is proven through simulation study that the optimal constants with fixed values, as reported in the aforementioned article, give different results. Instead, if the regression technique is used, then the same results will be obtained.
Agricultural Land Degradation in the Czech Republic
Authors: Zumr David
Published: December 2022

Soil degradation has been identified as a major threat to the productivity of agricultural land. In the Czech Republic, soils are threatened primarily by water and wind erosion, but compaction, loss of organic matter, loss of soil structure stability, pollution and over-fertilization, loss of biodiversity, and soil sealing are also major concerns. Poor soil health results in many off-site effects such as surface water siltation, groundwater pollution, loss of biodiversity in the countryside, and decreasing crop yields. The Czech agricultural landscape is characterized by large fields with a very small number of interrupting elements such as furrows, paths, or balks and the crop structure is rather uniform. The state has a history of land collectivization which first took place during the twentieth century. The ongoing intensive and unsustainable industrial farming, which is often focused more on high yields of certain economically valuable crops rather than the environment, speeds up soil degradation. These problems are fortunately recognized by the stakeholders, legal authorities, and the public. There has been significant debate on sustainable landscape management and agricultural practices, and many positive examples already exist in the Czech Republic.
A Solar Off-Grid Software: The Making of Infrastructures, Markets and Consumers ‘Beyond Energy’
Authors: Riedke Eva
Published: December 2022

Riedke engages with the processes of digitization that accompany the selling of solar off-grid products to the so-called ‘unelectrified poor’. The chapter draws attention to how the selling of solar goes hand in hand with the establishment of people’s ‘credit worthiness’, aimed at advancing financial inclusion in markets beyond solar. From an ethnographic perspective, the chapter engages with a German-Kenyan solar start-up and a software it has designed to manage sales processes to keep track of current and future customers. Exploring the details of this software, the chapter contributes to our understanding of how solar power is provided to meet a basic need, a most basic level of human well-being, but simultaneously also to form new consumer subjects for new markets.
Contested Energy Futures in Hokkaido: Speculating with European Renewable Energy Models
Authors: St-Pierre Emile
Published: December 2022

The Japanese government has been drawing on the experiences and technologies of European countries to plan out its own development of a more interconnected, digitised society based on renewable energy. However, on the northern island of Hokkaido, local producers and proponents of renewable energy have been using the European models to argue for their own version of local ownership and independence, a trend accelerated by a powerful earthquake that caused a wide blackout in 2018. Biogas producers are notable for creating new digital and multispecies arrangements of sharing excess heat from the production process. These material experiments offer the possibility of speculating about a different energy future that includes the digital while mitigating the abstractions of modern infrastructure.
Existence and Uniqueness of Maximal Solutions to a 3D Navier-Stokes Equation with Stochastic Lie Transport
Authors: Goodair Daniel
Published: December 2022

We present here a criterion to conclude that an abstract SPDE possesses a unique maximal strong solution, which we apply to a three dimensional Stochastic Navier-Stokes Equation. Motivated by the work of Kato and Lai we ask that there is a comparable result here in the stochastic case whilst facilitating a variety of noise structures such as additive, multiplicative and transport. In particular our criterion is designed to fit viscous fluid dynamics models with Stochastic Advection by Lie Transport (SALT) as introduced in Holm (Proc R Soc A: Math Phys Eng Sci 471(2176):20140963, 2015). Our application to the Incompressible Navier-Stokes equation matches the existence and uniqueness result of the deterministic theory. This short work summarises the results and announces two papers (Crisan et al., Existence and uniqueness of maximal strong solutions to nonlinear SPDEs with applications to viscous fluid models, in preparation; Crisan and Goodair, Analytical properties of a 3D stochastic Navier-Stokes equation, 2022, in preparation) which give the full details for the abstract well-posedness arguments and application to the Navier-Stokes Equation respectively.
Vorbereitung auf ein Physiklehren in der digitalen Welt: Weiterentwicklung eines lehramtsspezifischen Elektronikpraktikums
Authors: Andersen Jasmin , Block Dietmar , Neumann Irene , Neumann Knut , Volker Arne
Published: December 2022

Der digitale Wandel stellt Lehrkräfte im Unterricht vor neue Anforderungen. Insbesondere Physiklehrkräfte müssen für das schulische Experimentieren nicht nur spezifische Messtechnik und Software nutzen können, sondern auch Grundkenntnisse des Programmierens beherrschen. Hinzu kommt, dass die (Physik-)Lehrkräfte sich in kurzen Zeitspannen immer wieder selbstständig neue digitale Technologien erschließen müssen. In diesem Buchkapitel wird das neu konzipierte lehramtsspezifische Elektronikpraktikum der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel vorgestellt, in dem Physiklehramtsstudierende am Beispiel des Mikrocontrollers Arduino neben den Grundlagen der Elektronik auch diese digitalen Kompetenzen für ihre spätere Lehrtätigkeit entwickeln sollen. Durch die Begleitforschung im Design-based-Research-Ansatz konnte eine Reihe an konsistenten Indizien gesammelt werden, welche die Konzeption des lehramtsspezifischen Elektronikpraktikums stützen. Eine explorativ angelegte Interviewstudie zeigt, dass die Studierenden die wahrgenommene Relevanz aus einer schulpraktischen Perspektive beurteilen, Lerninhalte zur Förderung digitaler Kompetenzen erfolgreich integriert werden konnten und das Einüben selbstständigen Arbeitens das Selbstvertrauen der Studierenden fördert, sich in neue digitale Technologien einzuarbeiten.
Eine Untersuchung der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung von Lehramtsstudierenden bezogen auf den Einsatz digitaler Technologien im Mathematikunterricht aus Perspektive der Control-Value Theory
Authors: Grave-Gierlinger Frederik , Jenßen Lars , Eilerts Katja
Published: December 2022

Der lernzielorientierte Einsatz digitaler Technologien im Mathematikunterricht stellt eine Anforderung an Lehrkräfte dar, die in der jüngeren Vergangenheit an Bedeutung gewonnen hat (Dede, 2010; Voogt & Roblin, 2012). Zugleich berichten viele Lehrkräfte in Deutschland, dass sie sich unzureichend auf die Erfüllung dieser Anforderung vorbereitet sehen (Autorengruppe Bildungsberichterstattung, 2020). Insbesondere im internationalen Vergleich zeigt sich, dass Lehrkräfte in Deutschland eine niedrige Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung bezogen auf den Einsatz digitaler Technologien aufweisen (Fraillon et al., 2019). Die vorliegende quantitative Studie knüpft an diese Befunde an und untersucht die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung hinsichtlich des Einsatzes digitaler Technologien im Mathematikunterricht anhand der Aussagen von n = 249 Lehramtsstudierenden: Auf Grundlage der Control-Value Theory (Pekrun, 2006) werden die Effekte subjektiver Kontroll- und Werteinschätzung auf das Erleben von Freude beim Einsatz digitaler Technologien untersucht und aufbauend auf der Theorie von Bandura (1997) wird der Zusammenhang dieser drei Faktoren mit der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung in den Blick genommen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie weisen darauf hin, dass der wahrgenommenen Kontrolle über digitale Technologien erheblich größere Bedeutung zukommt als der Beurteilung des Wertes und dass das Erleben von Freude zwischen diesen beiden Einschätzungen und der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung vermittelt. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse für die Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrkräften wird diskutiert.
Digitale Lernangebote selbst gestalten
Authors: Henninger Sascha , Kaiser Tanja
Published: December 2022

Ausgehend vom Bedarf, Lehrpersonen zu befähigen, eigene digitale Lernangebote zu konzipieren, lerntheoretisch fundiert zu gestalten und zielgruppenorientiert einzusetzen, entwickelte die Fachdidaktik Geographie der TU Kaiserslautern (TUK) in Kooperation mit dem eTeaching Service Center (eTSC) des Distance and Independent Studies Center (DISC) den von Tutorinnen sowie Fachexperten und -expertinnen moderierten Online-Kurs „Digitale Lernangebote selbst gestalten“. Er adressierte in zwei Durchläufen bislang mehr als 600 Personen in Ausbildung und Beruf im Lehr-Lern-Kontext Schule sowie Erwachsenenbildung. Die Kommunikation in moderierten Foren ermöglichte es den Teilnehmenden und Lehrenden, unter- und miteinander in einen konstruktiven Diskurs zu treten. Was entstand, war eine komplexe Lerngelegenheit für alle Beteiligten, um digitale Lernangebote zur Gestaltung digitaler Lernumgebungen intensiver einsetzen zu können. Durch Peer-Lernen konnten die Teilnehmenden die eigenen fachlichen Inhalte und Vermittlungsmethoden durch das Feedback von Fachfremden reflektieren sowie Bestärkung in neuen kreativen Umsetzungsideen mit der im Kurs verwendeten Applikation erhalten. Der Beitrag skizziert konzeptionelle Überlegungen und den Aufbau des achtwöchigen Kurses sowie die Erfahrung mit dieser Öffnung der Hochschullehre für eine heterogene Teilnehmerschaft. Einige Kursinhalte wurden parallel zum Online-Kurs auch im Sinne des Blended Learning in fachdidaktischen Lehrveranstaltungen der Biologie und Geographie eingesetzt. Einzelne ausgewählte Lernangebote, die Studierende erstellt haben, werden ergänzend vorgestellt.
Anti-CD30 antibody–drug conjugate therapy in lymphoma: current knowledge, remaining controversies, and future perspectives
Authors: Prince H. Miles , Hutchings Martin , Domingo-Domenech Eva , Eichenauer Dennis A. , Advani Ranjana
Published: December 2022

CD30 is overexpressed in several lymphoma types, including classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), some peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL), and some cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. The antibody–drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin targets CD30-positive cells and has been evaluated for the treatment of various lymphoma entities. This narrative review summarizes 10 years of experience with brentuximab vedotin for the treatment of CD30-positive lymphomas, discusses novel therapies targeting CD30 in development, and highlights remaining controversies relating to CD30-targeted therapy across lymphoma types. The collective body of evidence for brentuximab vedotin demonstrates that exploitation of CD30 can provide sustained benefits across a range of different CD30-positive lymphomas, in both clinical trials and real-world settings. Preliminary experience with brentuximab vedotin in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors for relapsed/refractory cHL is encouraging, but further exploration is required. The optimal use of brentuximab vedotin for first-line therapy of PTCL remains to be determined. Further research is required on brentuximab vedotin treatment in high-risk patient populations, and in rare lymphoma subtypes, for which no standard of care exists. Novel therapies targeting CD30 include chimeric antigen receptor therapies and bispecific antibody T-cell engagers, which may be expected to further improve outcomes for patients with CD30-positive lymphomas in the coming years.
A randomised controlled trial evaluating internal limiting membrane peeling forceps in macular hole surgery
Authors: Ferrara Mariantonia , Rivera-Real Antonio , Hillier Roxane J. , Habib Maged , Kadhim Mustafa R. , Sandinha Maria T. , Curran Katie , Muldrew Alyson , Steel David H. W.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To assess study design and a range of anatomical and functional changes after internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling using forceps developed for atraumatic ILM pick-up compared to standard forceps.

Methods

We conducted a masked proof-of concept randomised controlled trial (RCT) on 65 patients who underwent ILM peeling for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) using etched-tip forceps (etched-tip group, 33 eyes) compared to standard ILM forceps (smooth-tip group, 32 eyes). Patients were assessed preoperatively, 3 weeks, 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

Results

The primary closure rate was 95.4%. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of final visual acuity (66.9 vs 70.9 ETDRS letters, p = 0.13), difference of visual field mean deviation (1.32 vs 1.14 decibels), and number of eyes with pick-up-related retinal haemorrhages (16% vs 16%, p = 0.96), swelling of arcuate nerve fibre layer lesions (63% vs 55%, p = 0.54), number of dissociated optic nerve fibre layer lesions (31.4 vs 41.0, p = 0.16), nor inner retina defects (37% vs 22%, p = 0.17). Similar changes in inner retinal volumes were detected in all 9 sectors of an ETDRS grid except for a trend (p = 0.06) towards a lower reduction in the inferior inner sector in the etched-tip group.

Conclusions

The study was successfully completed with masking maintained and a low risk of bias. Multiple endpoints relating to ILM peeling were assessed, and estimates were provided that can be used for future studies. Although the study was not powered to assess any specific endpoint, the anatomical and functional outcomes assessed did not significantly differ.
Conic formulation of QPCCs applied to truly sparse QPs
Authors: Bomze Immanuel M. , Peng Bo
Published: December 2022

We study (nonconvex) quadratic optimization problems with complementarity constraints, establishing an exact completely positive reformulation under—apparently new—mild conditions involving only the constraints, not the objective. Moreover, we also give the conditions for strong conic duality between the obtained completely positive problem and its dual. Our approach is based on purely continuous models which avoid any branching or use of large constants in implementation. An application to pursuing interpretable sparse solutions of quadratic optimization problems is shown to satisfy our settings, and therefore we link quadratic problems with an exact sparsity term $$\Vert {{\mathsf {x}}}\Vert _0$$

‖
x
‖

0

to copositive optimization. The covered problem class includes sparse least-squares regression under linear constraints, for instance. Numerical comparisons between our method and other approximations are reported from the perspective of the objective function value.
“Are They Going to Play Nicely?” Parents’ Evaluations of Young Children’s Play Dates
Authors: Lacey Alison J. , Banerjee Robin A. , Lester Kathryn J.
Published: December 2022

Over the last 20 years, opportunities for young children to engage in self-directed free play with peers outdoors or during the school day has dramatically declined. Consequently, it is likely that play dates, defined as pre-arranged social contact at home, have become increasingly significant play environments for children. Preliminary research suggests that play dates are positively associated with young children’s social and emotional development, but that access can be strongly influenced by parental social networking priorities. However, little is currently known about the nature and frequency of play dates, the types of play children engage in, or the impact of parental management and supervision on children’s play in this context. Exploratory qualitative research is essential to understand the extent to which parental gatekeeping may limit opportunities for children and families perceived to have low social capital, and to begin to define the nature and content of young children’s play dates more broadly. Parents of children aged 5-6 years old took part in a semi-structured interview to describe common practices and attitudes (N = 11). Inductive thematic analysis indicated that play dates are complex play environments that parents associate with a range of social, emotional, and cognitive benefits for children. However, close parental monitoring and supervision may limit the extent to which play dates provide opportunities for self-directed free play. Findings also show that access to play dates is strongly influenced by parents’ motivations to enhance children’s social status which restricts access to some children. Implications for future research are discussed.
Detecting variable force in imperatives: A modalized minimal approach
Authors: Oikonomou Despina
Published: December 2022

This paper draws attention to various environments in Greek which show that imperatives convey possibility and not necessity as widely assumed in the literature. The interaction of imperatives with other operators reveals the presence of an existential operator. At the same time, however, it is shown that imperatives cannot be analysed as invariably conveying possibility. Instead, I suggest an analysis in which imperative verbal mood is semantically contentful, triggering a presupposition that results in a domain restriction for the set of evaluation worlds. Combining insights from both the modal (Schwager 2006; Kaufmann 2012) and the minimal approach (Portner 2004, 2007), I show that we can have a modalized minimal analysis if we take imperative verbal mood to be contentful at a presuppositional level. This twist allows us to capture the variable quantificational force of imperatives depending on the environment they appear in.
Using the past to understand future property acquisitions: an examination of historic voluntary and mandatory household relocations
Authors: Zavar Elyse , Binder Sherri Brokopp , Greer Alex , Breaux Amber
Published: December 2022

As climate change continues to exacerbate hazard losses across the USA, many communities are seeking to permanently reduce their hazard exposure by relocating households out of high-risk areas. In the USA, governments have traditionally relocated households using two mechanisms: buyout programs and eminent domain. Although both programs acquire private properties for public ownership and use, buyout programs are defined as voluntary by government entities, whereas eminent domain is compulsory. For decades, Harris County, Texas, has used both voluntary buyouts and eminent domain to relocate households out of flood-prone areas for different uses; buyouts produce open space, whereas eminent domain is used for flood risk reduction projects Although the literature on buyouts continues to grow, especially related to managed retreat, little research considers mandated relocation in response to hazard in the USA despite the increasing potential and calls for mandated relocations due to sea level rise and other climate-induced hazards. To address this gap in the literature, we analyze county records spanning approximately 100 years to examine the geographic patterns related to Harris County’s use of eminent domain and buyouts programs to mitigate flood hazards. Integrating these records into a Geographic Information System, this novel study is the first to compare these two programs and consider the implications for future managed retreat.
Boost Up the Mechanical and Electrical Property of CNT Fibers by Governing Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Mesophases with Aramid Polymers for Robust Lightweight Wiring Applications
Authors: Ryu Ki-Hyun , Kim Jeong-Gil , Lee Dongju , Kim Seo Gyun , Ku Bon-Cheol , Hwang Jun Yeon , Jeong Kwang-Un , Kim Nam Dong , Kim Dae-Yoon
Published: December 2022

Monofilament type of polyaromatic amide (PA) and carbon nanotube (CNT) composite fibers is presented. A concept of a lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) constructed via a spontaneous self-assembly is introduced to mitigate the extremely low compatibility between PA and CNT. These approaches provide an effective co-processing route of PA and CNT simultaneously to fabricate the uniform, continuous, and reliable composite fibers through a wet-spinning. Interestingly, the addition of a small amount PA into the dope solution of CNT governs the LLC mesophase not only in a spinneret stage but also in a coagulant region. Thus, the developed PA/CNT composite fibers have the high uniaxial orientational order and the close interfacial packing compared to the pure CNT fibers. The PA/CNT composite fibers achieve the outstanding tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and electrochemical response, while maintaining a lightweight. They also exhibit the chemical, mechanical, and thermal robustness. All of these advantages can make flexible, sewable, and washable PA/CNT composite fibers ideal nanocomposite materials for use in next-generation information and energy transporting system by replacing conventional metal electrical conductors.

Graphical Abstract

The lyotropic liquid crystal self-assembly governed by doping the aramid polymers shows the ability to construct mechanically strong and continuous carbon nanotube-based composite fibers that can be used in the lightweight and robust electrical wiring for extreme environmental applications.
Improving the effectiveness of teacher assessment in higher education: a case study of professors’ perceptions in Morocco
Authors: St-Amand Jérôme , Rasmy Aziz , Nabil Abdessamed , Courdi Clémentine
Published: December 2022

Teacher assessment in higher education is a widely used strategy in Western countries, but it is not common practice in Moroccan academia. In consequence, the establishment of a new assessment policy in higher education creates a new dynamic in teaching practices, teacher assessment, and professional career development. This type of major change, however, is likely to generate anxiety among staff regarding the learning of new practices, and uncertainty regarding their involvement in the process of teacher assessment. The objective of the present study was thus to explore the perceptions of professors concerning the implementation of teacher assessment in Moroccan universities through a survey and interviews carried out among the professors. The majority of professors expressed a positive attitude toward the usefulness of teaching evaluations. According to them, teacher assessment helps them identify strengths and weaknesses in their teaching. In contrast, there is a recurring issue among the respondents, namely the crisis of trust toward the parties involved in the evaluation process and apprehension regarding consequences of these evaluations’ results on faculty status and rank progression. The majority were very suspicious of using student assessment for administrative purposes.
The Psychology of Poverty, Wealth, and Economic Inequality
Authors: Belle Deborah , Bullock Heather E.
Published: December 2022

Economic inequality is a defining issue of our time, with a handful of individuals in the United States today owning more wealth than half the population in the country. What are the psychological consequences of living in a profoundly unequal society? This comprehensive textbook is among the first to examine poverty, wealth, and economic inequality from a psychological perspective. Written by two leading scholars in the field, it provides an intersectional analysis of the impact of economic inequality on cognitive, emotional, interpersonal, intergroup, physiological, and health outcomes. Students are introduced to the diverse methods used to study poverty, wealth, and economic inequality and the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches, while the text focuses on solutions at the individual, community, and national levels to restore optimism and encourage action. Chapter features include exercises and reflection questions that help students think critically about the implications of research findings for their own lives.
Political Obligation and the Need for Justice
Authors: Walton Kevin
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the claim that justice is necessary for a moral obligation to obey the law. By reflecting on the meaning of obedience, it identifies one version of the claim that must be right and another that must be wrong. It then focuses on the argument for a moral obligation to obey the law that most obviously includes the claim: John Rawls’s argument from the natural duty of justice. More specifically, it focuses on the degree of justice that is needed for this duty to ground a moral obligation to obey the law.
Oral microbiota in cancer: could the bad guy turn good with application of polyphenols?
Authors: Antoniraj Mariya Gover , Devi Kasi Pandima , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Nabavi Seyed Fazel , Khayat Kashani Hamid Reza , Aghaabdollahian Safieh , Afkhami Farzaneh , Jeandet Philippe , Lorigooini Zahra , Khayatkashani Maryam , Nabavi Seyed Mohammad
Published: December 2022

The human oral cavity is comprised of dynamic and polynomial microbes which uniquely reside in the microenvironments of oral cavities. The cumulative functions of the symbiotic microbial communities maintain normal homeostasis; however, a shifted microbiota yields a dysbiosis state, which produces local and systemic diseases including dental caries, periodontitis, cancer, obesity and diabetes. Recent research reports claim that an association occurs between oral dysbiosis and the progression of different types of cancers including oral, gastric and pancreatic ones. Different mechanisms are proposed for the development of cancer, such as induction of inflammatory reactions, production of carcinogenic materials and alteration of the immune system. Medications are available to treat these associated diseases; however, the current strategies may further worsen the disease by unwanted side effects. Natural-derived polyphenol molecules significantly inhibit a wide range of systemic diseases with fewer side effects. In this review, we have displayed the functions of the oral microbes and we have extended the report regarding the role of polyphenols in oral microbiota to maintain healthy conditions and prevention of diseases with emphasis on the treatment of oral microbiota-associated cancer.
ENRIQUES INVOLUTIONS AND BRAUER CLASSES
Authors: SKOROBOGATOV A. N. , VALLONI D.
Published: December 2022

We prove that every element of order 2 in the Brauer group of a complex Kummer surface X descends to an Enriques quotient of X. In generic cases, this gives a bijection between the set
${\mathcal Enr}(X)$
of Enriques quotients of X up to isomorphism and the set of Brauer classes of X of order 2. For some K3 surfaces of Picard rank
$20,$
we prove that the fibers of
${\mathcal Enr}(X)\to \mathrm {{Br}}(X)[2]$
above the nonzero points have the same cardinality.
Recomplementation as a paratactic phenomenon: Evidence from Spanish and English
Authors: VILLA-GARCÍA JULIO , OTT DENNIS
Published: December 2022

We provide a variety of empirical arguments in favor of a paratactic account of recomplementation constructions, in which a left-dislocated element appears in between two complementizers. Contrary to integrated analyses assuming Complementizer Phrase (CP) recursion or Rizzi’s split periphery, we assume that the dislocated phrase is structurally independent from the embedded clause it precedes, which in turn is an elliptical sentence fragment. The juxtaposed fragmentary sentences are linked by the doubled complementizer, which serves to overtly flag a ‘restart’ in discourse. We show that this account makes a range of welcome predictions while sidestepping non-trivial problems that arise for integrated/cartographic analyses, which assume that dislocated XPs are in left-peripheral positions (such as Spec-TopicP) and that the doubled complementizer spells out Topic0. A further advantage of the approach is that it provides a handle on recomplementation constructions beyond the core cases involving left-dislocation, which reduce to a mere subcase of the general phenomenon of elliptical ‘restarts’ in discourse.
Bayesian approach for validation of runaway electron simulations
Authors: Järvinen A.E. , Fülöp T. , Hirvijoki E. , Hoppe M. , Kit A. , Åström J. ,   JET Contributors
Published: December 2022

Plasma-terminating disruptions in future fusion reactors may result in conversion of the initial current to a relativistic runaway electron beam. Validated predictive tools are required to optimise the scenarios and mitigation actuators to avoid the excessive damage that can be caused by such events. Many of the simulation tools applied in fusion energy research require the user to specify input parameters that are not constrained by the available experimental information. The conventional approach, where an expert modeller calibrates these input parameters based on domain knowledge, is prone to lead to an intractable validation challenge without systematic uncertainty quantification. Bayesian inference algorithms offer a promising alternative approach that naturally includes uncertainty quantification and is less subject to user bias in choosing the input parameters. The main challenge in using these methods is the computational cost of simulating enough samples to construct the posterior distributions for the uncertain input parameters. This challenge can be overcome by combining probabilistic surrogate modelling, such as Gaussian process regression, with Bayesian optimisation, which can reduce the number of required simulations by several orders of magnitude. Here, we implement this type of Bayesian optimisation framework for a model for analysis of disruption runaway electrons, and explore for simulations of current quench in a JET plasma discharge with an argon induced disruption. We use this proof-of-principle framework to explore the optimum input parameters with uncertainties in optimisation tasks ranging from one to seven dimensions. The relevant Python codes that are used in the analysis are available via https://github.com/aejarvin/BO_FOR_RE_SIMULATIONS/.
The crustose species of Normandina (Verrucariaceae)
Authors: Orange Alan
Published: December 2022

Normandina acroglypta, as recently circumbscribed, is shown to comprise two species: N. acroglypta s. str. with subsquamulose marginal areoles, two unidentified terpenoids by thin-layer chromatography, and growing over rock; and N. chlorococca, with convex marginal areoles, zeorin or no substances detected by thin-layer chromatography, and growing over bark. Normandina dictyospora is newly described from the Falkland Islands and is characterized by relatively large, submuriform ascospores, and no substances detected.
A rare case of mycotic pseudoaneurysm in a patient post Rastelli procedure with infective endocarditis
Authors: Chua Cherrie , Then Kristie , Mohd Khalid Khairul Faizah
Published: December 2022

Mycotic pseudoaneurysm secondary to infective endocarditis is an uncommon complication in CHD with conduit placement. We report a case of late presentation of bacterial infective endocarditis with pseudoaneurysm in an 8-year-old girl with underlying pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, post Rastelli procedure done at the age of 3 years old.
Transregional by design: The early communist press in the middle east and global revolutionary networks
Authors: Sayim Burak
Published: December 2022

This article traces the circulation of newspapers and journals as physical objects to reconstruct Middle Eastern communists’ global connections. I argue that post-First World War Middle Eastern and North African revolutionary militancy was closely linked to global networks. The extensive transregional and transimperial circulation of the communist press discussed here traces these close connections. The Communist International represented a novelty as a self-proclaimed centralist worldwide party. Distinctively, it brought together the means and the will to centralize (much of) global radicalism. This argument also serves to locate the early and mid-1920s as a transitional period in the history of left-wing movements: the means provided by a World Party intersected with the network-like structure of the pre-Comintern revolutionary milieux. The article aims to contribute to global history by discussing a regional – Middle Eastern – political current, not as the aggregate sum of its national components, but as a product of a global process.
WEALTH AND MATERIAL GOODS IN MEDIEVAL ITALIAN CIVIC HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: MORREALE LAURA K.
Published: December 2022

This article examines a corpus of over forty Italian civic histories produced from the mid-thirteenth to mid-fourteenth century, when the wealth of many of the peninsula's inhabitants increased significantly. Evidence from this corpus demonstrates that attitudes about wealth in historical writing changed over time and argues for a shift from a more static to a more dynamic representation of material goods in these texts. The novel mechanisms for accruing wealth that developed in the Italian urban context were important factors in the historigraphic turn, but as the period wore one, changes in the types of people writing history also contributed to modified presentations of wealth in their writings. Whether describing the display of luxury or its regulation, civic improvements or the destruction of a town's buildings by warring factions, taxation in a city or the corruption of its offiicials, views towards material goods in medieval Italian urban histories were neither wholly positive nor negative. Rather, the historiographic value of material goods was complex. The frequency with which wealth was a topic of discussion in civic histories highlights how the peninsula's inhabitants were coming to terms with the influx of wealth and the material goods they could acquire as members of their urban communities.
Impacts of Sea‐Level Rise on Morphodynamics and Riverine Flooding in an Idealized Estuary
Authors: Ni Wuming , Morgan Jacob A. , Horner‐Devine Alexander R. , Kumar Nirnimesh , Ahrendt Shelby
Published: December 2022

This research simulates the morphodynamic evolution of an idealize estuary under four different SLR scenarios of increasing severity to investigate how SLR will influence riverine flooding in estuaries. We find that estuarine response to SLR is influenced by both morphological changes to channel capacity and the associated changes to channel hydrodynamics. Low and moderate SLR scenarios result in an increase in flood extent throughout the estuary relative to the no SLR base case. Surprisingly, more severe SLR scenarios result in decreased flood extent in upstream reaches. This shift is due to penetration of tidal energy and erosion further upstream with greater SLR, which increases channel capacity locally. A periodic pattern of local sediment transport is additionally observed due to SLR, which we attribute to the time response lag between hydrological and morphological response. The finding that increased SLR does not result in increased flood extent everywhere emphasizes that flood mitigation measures need to carefully account for non‐linear responses in the estuarine morphodynamic systems, such as the feedbacks resulting from increased tidal erosion.
Antidepressants that increase mitochondrial energetics may elevate risk of treatment-emergent mania
Authors: Gardea-Resendez Manuel , Coombes Brandon J. , Veldic Marin , Tye Susannah J. , Romo-Nava Francisco , Ozerdem Aysegul , Prieto Miguel L. , Cuellar-Barboza Alfredo , Nunez Nicolas A. , Singh Balwinder , Pendegraft Richard S. , Miola Alessandro , McElroy Susan L. , Biernacka Joanna M. , Morava Eva , Kozicz Tamas , Frye Mark A.
Published: December 2022

Preclinical evidence suggests that antidepressants (ADs) may differentially influence mitochondrial energetics. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between mitochondrial function and illness vulnerability in bipolar disorder (BD), specifically risk of treatment-emergent mania (TEM). Participants with BD already clinically phenotyped as TEM+ (n = 176) or TEM− (n = 516) were further classified whether the TEM associated AD, based on preclinical studies, increased (Mito+, n = 600) or decreased (Mito−, n = 289) mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity. Comparison of TEM+ rates between Mito+ and Mito− ADs was performed using generalized estimating equations to account for participants exposed to multiple ADs while adjusting for sex, age at time of enrollment into the biobank and BD type (BD-I/schizoaffective vs. BD-II). A total of 692 subjects (62.7% female, 91.4% White, mean age 43.0 ± 14.0 years) including 176 cases (25.3%) of TEM+ and 516 cases (74.7%) of TEM- with previous exposure to Mito+ and/or Mito- antidepressants were identified. Adjusting for age, sex and BD subtype, TEM+ was more frequent with antidepressants that increased (24.7%), versus decreased (13.5%) mitochondrial energetics (OR = 2.21; p = 0.000009). Our preliminary retrospective data suggests there may be merit in reconceptualizing AD classification, not solely based on monoaminergic conventional drug mechanism of action, but additionally based on mitochondrial energetics. Future prospective clinical studies on specific antidepressants and mitochondrial activity are encouraged. Recognizing pharmacogenomic investigation of drug response may extend or overlap to genomics of disease risk, future studies should investigate potential interactions between mitochondrial mechanisms of disease risk and drug response.
Genetic testing for mitochondrial disease: the United Kingdom best practice guidelines
Authors: Mavraki Eleni , Labrum Robyn , Sergeant Kate , Alston Charlotte L. , Woodward Cathy , Smith Conrad , Knowles Charlotte V. Y. , Patel Yogen , Hodsdon Philip , Baines Jack P. , Blakely Emma L. , Polke James , Taylor Robert W. , Fratter Carl
Published: December 2022

Primary mitochondrial disease describes a diverse group of neuro-metabolic disorders characterised by impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Diagnosis is challenging; >350 genes, both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded, are known to cause mitochondrial disease, leading to all possible inheritance patterns and further complicated by heteroplasmy of the multicopy mitochondrial genome. Technological advances, particularly next-generation sequencing, have driven a shift in diagnostic practice from ‘biopsy first’ to genome-wide analyses of blood and/or urine DNA. This has led to the need for a reference framework for laboratories involved in mitochondrial genetic testing to facilitate a consistent high-quality service. In the United Kingdom, consensus guidelines have been prepared by a working group of Clinical Scientists from the NHS Highly Specialised Service followed by national laboratory consultation. These guidelines summarise current recommended technologies and methodologies for the analysis of mtDNA and nuclear-encoded genes in patients with suspected mitochondrial disease. Genetic testing strategies for diagnosis, family testing and reproductive options including prenatal diagnosis are outlined. Importantly, recommendations for the minimum levels of mtDNA testing for the most common referral reasons are included, as well as guidance on appropriate referrals and information on the minimal appropriate gene content of panels when analysing nuclear mitochondrial genes. Finally, variant interpretation and recommendations for reporting of results are discussed, focussing particularly on the challenges of interpreting and reporting mtDNA variants.
A novel knowledge extraction method based on deep learning in fruit domain
Authors: Liu Xinliang , Ma Lei , Mao Tingyu , Zhang Mengqi , Li Yong , Ren Yanzhao
Published: December 2022

Knowledge extraction aims to identify entities and extract relations between them from unstructured text, which are in the form of triplets. Analysis of the fruit nutrition domain corpus revealed many overlapping triplets, that is, multiple correspondences between a subject and multiple objects or the same subject and object. The current relevant methods mainly target the extraction of ordinary triplets, which cannot accurately identify overlapping triplets. To solve this problem, a deep learning based model for overlapping triplet extraction is proposed in this study. The relation is modeled as a function that maps a subject to an object. The hybrid information of the subject is entered into the relation-object extraction model to detect the object and relation. The experimental results show this model outperforms existing extraction models and achieves state-of-the-art performance on the manually labeled fruit nutrition domain dataset. In terms of application value, the proposed work can obtain a high-quality and structured fruit nutrition knowledge base, which provides application fundamentals for downstream applications of nutrition matching.
Performance evaluation of in-source ion activation hardware for collision-induced unfolding of proteins and protein complexes on a drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometer
Authors: Gadkari Varun V. , Juliano Brock R. , Mallis Christopher S. , May Jody C. , Kurulugama Ruwan T. , Fjeldsted John C. , McLean John A. , Russell David H. , Ruotolo Brandon T.
Published: December 2022

Collision induced unfolding (CIU) is a potentially transformative method for biomolecular stability assays. Here, we carry out a rigorous inter-laboratory evaluation of CIU, identifying an instrument design that enables reproduceable measurements.
Rational design of a NIR fluorescent probe for carboxylesterase 1 detection during endoplasmic reticulum stress and drug-induced acute liver injury
Authors: Han Chaoyan , Zhao Xin , Huo Xiaokui , Yu Zhenlong , Wang Chao , Feng Lei , Cui Jingnan , Tian Xiangge , Ma Xiaochi
Published: December 2022

An endoplasmic reticulum targeting NIR fluorescent probe (ERBM) was developed for real-time monitoring of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and exhibited excellent ER location in living cell imaging.
A biomarker-responsive nanoprobe for detecting hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injuryviaoptoacoustic/NIR-II fluorescence imaging
Authors: Zeng Zhuo , Chen Junjie , Sun Lihe , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu
Published: December 2022

A nanoprobe for detecting hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury has been developed. The hepatic H2O2removes the responsive moiety and transforms the quaternized pyridyl into an uncharged group with turn-on NIR-II fluorescence and optoacoustic signals.
Reversible dynamic optical sensing based on coumarin modified β-cyclodextrin for glutathione in living cells
Authors: Liu Zhixue , Tian Mengdi , Zhang Heng , Liu Yu
Published: December 2022

Coumarin acting as an optical probe was modified on ethylenediamine β-cyclodextrin, and not only enhanced molecular binding affinity to glutathione by a reversible Michael addition but also achieved real-time sensing of glutathione in HeLa cells.
Quantifying vibronic coupling with resonant inelastic X-ray scattering
Authors: Gilmore Keith
Published: December 2022

Electron–phonon interactions are fundamental to the behavior of chemical and physical systems.