bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steatohepatitises: etiological variants, principles of diagnosis and management
Authors: Dicheva D. T. , Andreev D. N. , Partsvania-Vinogradova E. V. , Umyarova R. M.
Published: April 2022

Steatohepatitises is an etiologically heterogeneous group of pathological changes in the liver, which are characterized by the inflammatory infiltration of the hepatic parenchyma with underlying fatty degeneration of hepatocytes. Whatever is the etiological cause, the clinical significance of steatohepatitis involves the formation of liver fibrosis and, as a result, an increased risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are life-threatening conditions. It is common practice to identify the following etiological variants of steatohepatitis: metabolic (55–65% of cases), alcoholic (45–55% of cases) and drug-induced (approximately 5% of cases). The pathogenetic basis of metabolic steatohepatitis lies in the mechanisms of increased lipolysis, excess free fatty acid pool and reduced β-oxidation stemming from obesity and insulin resistance. Pathogenetic factors mediating the development of alcoholic steatohepatitis are the toxic activity of acetaldehyde and increased CYP2E1 activity. Intake of some hepatotoxic drugs increases lipogenesis in  hepatocytes and disrupts the electron transport chain, which leads to the formation of liver steatosis followed by transformation into steatohepatitis. Whatever is the etiological varient, steatohepatitis is asymptomatic in the prevailing majority of cases. However, some patients may present complaints of weakness, discomfort, or indolent pain in the right hypochondrium. A detailed history taking is essential for the establishment of the etiological cause of liver damage. Laboratory tests allow to diagnose steatohepatitis in increased levels of hepatic transaminases, usually not exceeding 2–3 times the normal values. In addition to liver enzymes, increased levels of alkaline phosphatase and GGTP can also be observed in steatohepatitis. Ultrasound imaging is the most accessible instrumental tool in clinical practice to establish the primary diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. Indirect elastometry is an equally informative non-invasive method for diagnosing steatohepatitis, which allows to measure both the degree of steatosis (the function of determining the ultrasonic controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver fibrosis.
Phospholipids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Skvortsov V. V. , Lunkov M. V. , Tinaeva R. Sh. , Skvortsova E. M.
Published: April 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD – is a pathology that usually has a metabolic cause and is not caused by excessive alcohol consumption. NAFLD is the most frequent chronic liver disease worldwide and is accompanied by a high financial burden for the patient and the healthcare system. NAFLD is generally considered a “benign disease” with low progression to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, due to the large number of affected patients, the prevalence of cirrhosis of the liver has gradually increased, and in fact it represents the third cause of liver transplantation in the world. Moreover, even if the frequency of HCC in patients with NAFLD is lower than in patients with HCV/HBV cirrhosis, the absolute number of HCC associated with NASH is higher due to the higher number of patients with NAFLD. It is likely that the importance of this disease will continue to grow in the future, when new treatments and prevention programs for hepatitis C and B reduce the size of viral liver infections. Many aspects of the disease have yet to be solved. It is very important to understand the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of NAFLD, the features of the clinic and diagnosis, as well as the tactics of management and treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It is important for patients to get a complete understanding of NAFLD so that they can play an active role in the treatment of their disease.
Valve Repair in Aortic Insufficiency: A State-of-the-art Review
Authors: Sassis Leandros , Kefala-Karli Pelagia , Cucchi Irene , Kouremenos Ilias , Demosthenous Michalis , Diplaris Konstantinos
Published: April 2022

Aortic valve insufficiency (AI) describes the pathology of blood leaking through the
aortic valve to the left ventricle during diastole and is classified as mild, moderate or severe according
to the volume of regurgitating blood. Intervention is required in severe AI when the patient
is symptomatic or when the left ventricular function is impaired. Aortic valve replacement has
been considered the gold standard for decades for these patients, but several repair techniques have
recently emerged that offer exceptional stability and long-term outcomes. The appropriate method
of repair is selected based on the mechanism of AI and each patient’s anatomic variations. This review
aims to describe different pathologies of AI based on its anatomy, along with the different
surgical techniques of aortic repair and their reported results.
Hydrazide-hydrazones as Small Molecule Tropomyosin Receptor Kina se A (TRKA) Inhibitors: Synthesis, Anticancer Activities, In silico ADME and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Alam Mohammad Sayed , Lee Dong-Ung
Published: April 2022

Aims:

The aim of the study was to search for new anticancer agents as TRKA inhibitors.

Background:

A series of new salicylic acid hydrazide hydrazones were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activities against lung (A549), ovarian (SK-OV-3), skin (SK-MEL-2), and colon (HCT15) cancer cell lines, and tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TRKA) inhibitory activities.

Objective:

In this study, we focused on the synthesis and anticancer properties evaluation of salicylic acid hydrazide hydrazones as TRKA inhibitors. The in vitro anticancer activities of hydrazone analogs were measured against four cancer cell lines, and the TRKA inhibitory properties were investigated using an enzyme assay to determine their modes of action. In silico molecular docking was conducted using the crystal structure of the TRKA receptor to study the interactions and modes of binding at its active site, and ligand-based target predictions were used to identify putative secondary enzymatic targets of the synthesized compounds. Additionally, pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity effects, and drug scores of the studied molecules were also assessed.

Methods:

A series of hydrazide hydrazones were prepared by means of a facile and straight-forward two-step reaction under soft reflux conditions from a methyl ester of substituted aromatic acids and hydrazine hydrate followed by the condensation with substituted aldehydes. In vitro cytotoxic properties of the synthesized compounds were screened against four human cancer cells using the SRB (sulforhodamine-B) colorimetric method. The TRKA inhibitory activity was measured by enzymatic assay. In silico ADME, drug score properties, docking studies, and ligand-based target prediction analyses were performed using Osiris Cheminformatics and AutoDock Vina, and SwissTargetPrediction bioinformatics software.

Results:

In vitro bioassays revealed that compound 6 exhibited the most potent broad-spectrum anticancer activities with IC50 values of 0.144, <0.001, 0.019, and 0.022 μM against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15 cancer cells, respectively, followed by compounds 11, 3a, and 9. In TRKA inhibitory assays, compounds 3e and 11 demonstrated the highest potency with IC50 values of 111 and 614 nM, respectively. The results of docking studies on 3e and 11 with the active site of the TRKA receptor revealed that both compounds interacted as previously reported TRKA inhibitors with high docking scores.

Conclusion:

New salicylic acid hydrazide hydrazones were synthesized, and the most active compounds exhibited significant anticancer properties against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15 cancer cells, suggesting to be good candidates for in vivo studies. The results obtained in the present study would help in the design and preparation of new hydrazidehydrazone analogs as potential TRKA inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Extraction Methodologies, Phytochemical Constituents, and Biological
Activities of Senna alata Linn: A Review
Authors: Ferdosh Sahena , Rahim Nadirah Abd , Zainuddin Nor Azfa Najiha bt , Sarker Md. Zaidul Islam
Published: April 2022

Background:

Senna alata (L.) Roxb, which belongs to the family of Fabaceae, is a herbal
plant that has been used for the treatment of skin diseases, ringworm infection, and constipation since
ancient times. In recent decades, various conventional and non-conventional methodologies such as
maceration, decoction, and supercritical fluid extraction have been examined by researchers in order to
determine the phytochemical constituents potentially found in S. alata.

Objective:

This review paper aims to provide a detailed discussion of traditional uses, extraction
methodologies, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of S. alata.

Method:

The review is based on previous studies obtained from various accessible library databases
and electronic search engines, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate,
Scopus and Hindawi.

Results:

Several non-conventional extraction methods, such as microwave-assisted and ultrasonicassisted,
have been found to be better techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from S. alata
when compared to conventional extraction methods such as Soxhlet, steam distillation, and maceration
in terms of the quality of the yield. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and cardiac glycosides
are the common compounds found in S. alata. Among these anthraquinone, the most frequently
reported as a major phytochemical constituent, is used as a laxative and possesses antibacterial, antifungal,
and antimicrobial properties.

Conclusion:

Despite various claims for S. alata, very limited non-conventional extraction technology
has been reported for its bioactivity study on skin diseases, ringworm infection, and constipation.
Thus, this review may stimulate new applications and a clearer future perspective. In addition, the pros
and cons of each extraction technology are also reviewed in this paper.
Google form implementation on general English assignment in polytechnic education
Authors: Sadiyani Ni Wayan
Published: April 2022

Implementing internet platform assisting teachers’ learning material is commonly applied in leaning instructional for example creating questionnaire using Google Forms. Whereas, providing English assignment in the classroom using Google Forms was not explored deeply by lecturers in Politeknik education system. The current study attempts to gauge the use of Google Forms on English task. There were 98 students of engineering department in the (Politeknik Negeri Bali) given a questionnaire. Furthermore, descriptive method was then employed to elucidate the result. The findings explained that most of the students pursue to use Google Forms in working on the English assignment which should be prepared by the lecturers. There were 8 significant steps to create the task through Google Forms which is able to modify. This is a call for the lecturers to apply Google Forms in delivering the regular task to the learners in the classroom.
Dialect digitaal: nieuwe kansen voor streektaalgebruik en -onderzoek
Authors: Wieling Martijn
Published: April 2022

Martijn Wieling, bijzonder hoogleraar Nedersaksische/Groningse taal en cultuur, vertelt in zijn oratie hoe hij en zijn collega’s van het Centrum Groninger Taal en Cultuur (CGTC) digitale technieken gebruiken om variatie en verandering in de Nedersaksische streektaal te onderzoeken. In zijn onderzoek gebruikt Wieling niet alleen bestaande dialectdata, maar verzamelen hij en zijn CGTC-collega’s ook nieuwe dialectdata. Deze data wordt opgeslagen in WoordWaark (www.woordwaark.nl), een online digitale taaldatabank voor het Gronings, opgezet en gecoördineerd door hoogleraar Goffe Jensma en ontwikkeld door dr. Wilbert Heeringa. Een van de projecten waarmee Wieling nieuwe dialectdata verzamelt is het door dr. Nanna Hilton geïnitieerde “Stemmen”-project. Deze website voorspelt waar een spreker vandaan komt op basis van zijn of haar dialectuitspraken. Van old noar jong Een tweede belangrijk project is “Van old noar jong”. In dit door Wieling gecoördineerde project wordt een onderwijsgame ontwikkeld waarmee kinderen op een toegankelijke manier kennis kunnen maken met het lokale Groningse dialect. Dit project wordt ondersteund door een Google Community Grant van 30.000 euro en is opgezet in samenwerking met hoogleraar Jensma en Goos Gosling Slotegraaf van Dorpsbelangen Zandeweer, Eppenhuizen en Doodstil. Een derde project waar Wieling zich voor inzet is de ontwikkeling van een Gronings tekst-naar-spraak systeem. In samenwerking met onder anderen Jenny van Doorn, RUG-hoogleraar dienstenmarketing, wordt onderzocht of zo’n systeem inzetbaar is in bijvoorbeeld de zorg. Een aanvullend doel van dit systeem is dat hiermee op termijn alle Groningse teksten binnen WoordWaark automatisch voorgelezen zullen kunnen worden.
EMI through virtual exchange at Bordeaux University
Authors: Reynolds Alexandra
Published: April 2022

The ongoing trend towards the internationalisation of universities in Europe places English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) for education firmly on institutional agendas. This study carried out at Bordeaux University, France, explores EMI through Virtual Exchange (VE). The combination of both EMI and VE is presented here as a new area of study which we will refer to as EMI-VE. The report evaluates students’ perceived linguistic progress and transdisciplinary learning competences through Erasmus VE (EVE). This multi-institutional EMI-VE context provides much needed international interaction lacking in home EMI models.
Análisis de paisajes científicos aplicado a servicios tecnológicos para el sector agropecuario colombiano
Authors: Flórez Martínez Diego Hernando , Santacruz Castro Adriana Marcela , Moreno Rodríguez Jenny Milena
Published: April 2022

Los servicios tecnológicos de laboratorio se han convertido en un pilar fundamental para la dinamización de los procesos de investigación, desarrollo e innovación en los centros de ciencia y de desarrollo tecnológico, y en universidades; además, contribuyen a la toma de decisiones de actores del Sistema Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (SNIA), desde los productores hasta los hacedores de política pública. Su importancia permea factores clave como los procesos de actualización tecnológica, el diseño de una nueva infraestructura y el fortalecimiento de capacidades en el diseño, análisis y seguimiento de experimentos, muestreos, protocolos y guías de uso. Esta investigación se enfoca en identificar cómo los servicios tecnológicos de laboratorio contribuyen en la generación de nuevo conocimiento, diseño de líneas de investigación y generación de nuevos productos tecnológicos. A través de un diseño metodológico que integra la inteligencia competitiva, la vigilancia tecnológica y el análisis crítico de documentación científica, se encuentran las tendencias de investigación con las cuales los servicios de laboratorio contribuyen a la creación de nuevo conocimiento, tanto en el contexto mundial como en el corporativo. Finalmente, se diseña una hoja de ruta para fortalecer la prestación de servicios a los actores del SNIA y para los procesos de investigación de la agenda corporativa de I+D+i.
Impact of Visual Game-Like Features on Cognitive Performance in a Virtual Reality Working Memory Task: Within-Subjects Experiment (Preprint)
Authors: Redlinger Eric , Glas Bernhard , Rong Yang
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Although the pursuit of improved cognitive function through working memory training has been the subject of decades of research, the recent growth in commercial adaptations of classic working memory tasks in the form of gamified apps warrants additional scrutiny. In particular, the emergence of virtual reality as a platform for cognitive training presents opportunities for the use of novel visual features.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to add to the body of knowledge regarding the use of game-like visual design elements by specifically examining the application of two particular visual features common to virtual reality environments: immersive, colorful backgrounds and the use of 3D depth. In addition, electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected to identify potential neural correlates of any observed changes in performance.

METHODS

A simple visual working memory task was presented to participants in several game-like adaptations, including the use of colorful, immersive backgrounds and 3D depth. The impact of each adaptation was separately assessed using both EEG and performance assessment outcomes and compared with an unmodified version of the task.

RESULTS

Results suggest that although accuracy and reaction time may be slightly affected by the introduction of such game elements, the effects were small and not statistically significant. Changes in EEG power, particularly in the beta and theta rhythms, were significant but failed to correlate with any corresponding changes in performance. Therefore, they may only reflect cognitive changes at the perceptual level.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the data suggest that the addition of these specific visual features to simple cognitive tasks does not appear to significantly affect performance or task-dependent cognitive load.

CLINICALTRIAL
Evaluating the effectiveness of Internet-based communication for public health: a systematic review (Preprint)
Authors: Ceretti Elisabetta , Covolo Loredana , Cappellini Francesca , Nanni Alberto , Sorosina Sara , Beatini Andrea , Taranto Mirella , Gasparini Arianna , De Castro Paola , Brusaferro Silvio , Gelatti Umberto
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Communicating strategically is a key issue for health organisations. Over the past decade, healthcare communication via social media and websites has generated a great deal of studies, examining different realities of communication strategies. When it comes to systematic reviews, there is, however, fragmentary evidence on this type of communication.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the evidence on Web institutional health communication for public health authorities to evaluate possible aim-specific key points based on these existing studies.

METHODS

Guided by the PRISMA statement, we conducted a comprehensive review across two electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) from January 2011 until 7 October 2021, searching for studies investigating institutional health communication. Two independent researchers reviewed the articles for inclusion, and assessment of methodological quality was based on the Kmet appraisal checklist.

RESULTS

Seventy-eight articles were selected. Most of the studies targeted health promotion/disease prevention (n=35), followed by crisis communication (n=24), general health (n=13), and misinformation correction/health promotion (n=6). Engagement and message framing were the most analysed aspects. Few studies focused on campaign effectiveness. Only 18 studies had an experimental design. Kmet evaluation was used in order to distinguish studies presenting a solid structure from lacking studies. In particular, considering the 0·75-point threshold, out of 74 studies, 28 were excluded (37·8% of the total). Studies above this threshold were used to identify a series of aim-specific and medium-specific suggestions, as communication strategies employed differ quite greatly.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, findings suggest that no single strategy works best in the case of Web-based healthcare communication. The extreme variability of outcomes and the lack of a unitary measure for assessing the end-points of a specific campaign or study leads us to reconsider the tools we use to evaluate the efficacy of Web-based health communication.
The potential of organic matter and water management on the alleviation of iron toxicity in rice plants
Authors: Nugroho Nurkholish , Kurniasih Budiastuti , Utami Sri Nuryani Hidayah , Yusuf Wahida Annisa
Published: April 2022

Iron toxicity in rice plants occurs due to the excessive concentrations of ferrous ions (Fe2+) in the soil solution. The application of organic matter and water management is one way to alleviate iron toxicity in rice plants. This study aimed to determine the potential of organic matter and water management in controlling the solubility of Fe2+ in the soil and its effect on the symptoms of toxicity, growth and yield of rice plants. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute from August to December 2020, arranged in a completely randomized design with three factors. The first factor consisted of low Fe2+ concentration (<300 ppm, actual acid sulfate soil (AASS)) and high Fe2+ concentration (>300 ppm, potential acid sulfate soil (PASS)), the second factor consisted of waterlogging without leaching and leaching of once every two weeks, and the third factor consisted of without organic matter amendment and with organic matter amendment of 2.5 ton.ha-1. In comparison to the treatment of without organic matter amendment and leaching, the organic matter and leaching treatment in the AASS reduced the leaf bronzing index by 26.17 % and increased the crop yield by 21.20 %. In the PASS, the organic matter and leaching treatment reduced the leaf bronzing index by 11.74 % and increased the crop yield by 15.72 %. The leaching of once every two weeks and organic matter amendment of 2.5 ton.ha-1 are recommended to alleviate iron toxicity and increase rice productivity in acid sulfate soil.
Effects of paclobutrazol concentrations and watering frequencies on the flowering ratio of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Putri Ratih Hartono , Purwantoro Aziz , Handayani Valentina Dwi Suci , Respatie Dyah Weny
Published: April 2022

Generally, cucumber plants have more male flowers than female flowers. The fewer number of female flowers is one of the problems of cucumber production. Flowering regulation can be performed by applying growth regulators and water management. The study aims to determine the effects of paclobutrazol concentrations and watering frequencies on the flowering ratio of cucumber plants. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design at the Agricultural, Food, and Fishery Extension Center, Seyegan, Yogyakarta. The first factor was the paclobutrazol concentrations consisting of four levels (a control, 0.187 mL.L-1, 0.375 mL.L-1, and 0.562 mL.L-1). Meanwhile, the second factor was the watering frequency consisting of three levels (once a day, once every two days, and once every three days). The observed data were performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at α= 5 %. The paclobutrazol concentrations resulted in a significant effect on all of the observed variables. Meanwhile, watering frequencies showed no significant effect on the male flowers, female flowers and ratio of male to female flowers in cucumber. There was an interaction effect of paclobutrazol concentration and watering frequency on the plant height and flowering age of cucumber plants. The treatment of paclobutrazol at a concentration of 0.375 mL.L-1, decreased of male flowers and increased of female flowers, reducing the ratio of male and female flowers of cucumber plants at various watering frequencies.-1
The improvement of microclimate and soil characteristics in cocoa-tree agroforestry patterns
Authors: Sitohang Ramces , Putra Eka Tarwaca Susila , Wulandari Cahyo
Published: April 2022

Shade trees are used in agroforestry pattern for production and service aspects. Cocoa-tree agroforestry pattern is expected to improve atmospheric and rhizosphere zone in cacao plantations. However, the information related to this is still quite limited. This study was conducted using a nested design, with types of shade trees as nest. Shade trees used were Falcataria moluccana, Cocos nucifera, and Cassia spectabilis, and without shade was used as control. Variables observed were light, air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, soil texture, bulk density, permeability, and moisture content. Soil chemical properties were also observed, including organic C, pH, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B and content of available P, K, Ca, Mg, and B. The results showed that cacao agroforestry pattern using F. moluccana and C. spectabilis was able to improve the microclimate characteristics and soil fertility. However, F. moluccana showed lower soil fertility than C. spectabilis. F. moluccana and C. spectabilis shade trees were able to optimize light plants from 33 % to 34 %, and from 38 % to 39 %, respectively. F. moluccana could provide optimal air and soil temperature of 30 ⁰C to 32 ⁰C and 27 ⁰C, respectively. Meanwhile, C. spectabilis could provide optimal air and soil temperature of 29 ⁰C to 31⁰C and  26 ⁰C to 27 ⁰C, consecutively. Cocoa-tree agroforestry pattern using C. Spectabilis shade trees could optimize soil moisture content, pH, total N, and P, and availabilities of K, Ca, Mg, and B in soil.
Orally Disintegrating Tablet Formulation of Avicennia Fruit Ethanol Extract (Avicennia marina)
Authors: Ungsari Rizki Eka Purwanto  , Maria Caecilia Nanny Setiawati  , Puspitaningrum Ika , Munisih Siti
Published: April 2022

The fruit produced from Avicennia tree (in the form of ethanol extract) has the property of reducing blood glucose levels (oral antidiabetic mellitus) with an effective dose of 10 mg / 50 kg human body weight. Most of the elderly with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia are aged 60-74 years (83.3%) who have a decreased ability to swallow drugs. In addition, antidiabetic drugs are expected to be able to produce fast action, so that it can reduce blood sugar levels immediately. Therefore, the Avicennia fruit ethanol extract formulated in the form of Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Starch 1500 and Crospovidone as a superdisintegrant in either single or combination use in the Avicennia fruit ethanol extract ODT formulation. The ODT was made by direct compression. There were three formulas that was carried out in this study : FI with 10 mg of Starch 1500, FII with 10 mg of Crospovidone and FIII with a combination of superdisintegrant Starch 1500 and Crospovidone (7 mg and 3 mg). In this study it could be conclued that the best compatible superdisintegrant in ODT for Avicennia fruit ethanol extract was Crospovidone, not combination with Starch 1500.
Assessing Awareness Level of Halal Cosmetics among Muslim Males in Malaysia: An Empirical Study
Authors: Ambo Nur Ilma , Md Shapir Ana Shakirah
Published: April 2022

In the Proceeding of International Conference on Education Research (InCER 2020), Ambo & Md Sapir (2020) presented four items that measure halal cosmetic awareness among Muslim males. Unfortunately, INCER 2020's audience thought that the categorisation of respondents based on their marital status did not translate to good results since only ten respondents represented married males in the study out of 86. This paper aims to respond to the feedback given by the INCER 2020's audience by re-analysing the level of halal cosmetic awareness of 86 Muslim males in Malaysia in terms of age, educational level, Islamic background, and marital status, and employing Chi-Square and Independence Sample T-Test. The findings showed that Muslim males with Islamic backgrounds obtain a high level of halal cosmetic awareness than their non-Islamic counterparts. The study findings indicate that presenting conceptual ideas at the Conference helped us receive constructive feedback to improve our research work
The Study on Utilization of Grasshoppers Gelatine as Edible Film in Optimizing Environmentally Friendly Packaging
Authors: Qoirinisa Siwi , Arnamalia Astri , Permata Mutiara Eka , Ramdani Risma Nurohmah
Published: April 2022

The use of plastic packaging as food wrappers cannot be separated from everyday life. This will certainly cause many environmental problems because of the nature of plastics that are difficult to degrade naturally. One alternative to overcome the use of plastic in food products is edible film. The edible film is a thin layer that is used as a coating for food that can be consumed and is environmentally friendly. The edible film can be made from gelatin as raw material. Gelatin has properties that can form gels, foam emulsifiers, and can maintain the elasticity of a material. In the food industry, gelatin is widely used as a stabilizer, adhesive, binder, gelling agent, thickener, foamer, and viscosity enhancer. In Indonesia, the need for gelatin is met by importing from gelatin-producing countries, so the price becomes very expensive. According to international trade statistics, in 2016 Indonesia imported 54 tons of gelatin from America. Nearly 90% of American gelatin is derived from pork. This raises public concerns about the safety and halalness of their products. Grasshoppers have a fairly high protein content, which is about 24%. The method used in this study is the manufacture of edible films using grasshopper gelatin extracted by the acid method using HCl with varying concentrations of HCl levels of 2, 4, and 6% and soaking time of 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. The potential of grasshoppers to be used as gelatin is considered suitable with Indonesia's natural resources in the manufacture of edible films as an effort to optimize environmentally friendly packaging.
The Role of Curcumin and Its Derivatives in Innate Immune Response of Macrophages
Authors: Murwanti Retno , Riastri Anami , Gani Andayana Puspitasari
Published: April 2022

Curcumin, a diarylheptanoid, is the active compound isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma species. Curcumin can modulate mechanisms in inflammatory-related immunomodulatory. The two methoxy groups in aromatic rings in the structure of curcumin play a role in the anti-inflammatory. Macrophages are crucial cellular components of innate immunity. For this reason, this review aims to assess the role of curcumin and its derivatives in the innate immune response of macrophage cells. Curcumin as anti-inflammatory releases inflammation mediators such as cytokines, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and others. Curcumin regulates innate immune via NLRP3 inflammasomes, nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Janus kinase1/2‐signal transducer and activator of transcription protein1 signaling pathway. However, curcumin has limited clinical application, especially solubility and bioavailability. Therefore, a structure and formula modification of curcumin was developed. This review also discusses no evidence of curcumin's mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and toxicity. Thus, the brief information provided in this review investigates the role of curcumin in macrophage cells.
Accounting Standards Comparison between China and Russia
Authors: Huan Chang , Chunhua Xia , Lu Song
Published: April 2022

Both Chinese and Russian accounting standards follow the IFRS convergence route, despite there being a difference in the degree of international convergence between the two countries. The article examines the specific criteria for financial statement presentation in China and Russia and discovers discrepancies in the basic requirements for financial statement presentation, financial statement composition, and information in notes to financial statements in both countries. The comparison in this article is used to provide theoretical guidelines for reciprocal economic investment between the two countries.
A Review on Covid – 19 Detection Techniques using X-ray Chest Images
Authors: Javed Mohammed Rehan , Nichat Mangesh
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Corona virus un wellness (COVID-19), is one among the foremost infectious diseases that reshaped our everyday lives globally within the twenty first century. Technology progressions have a speedy impact on each field of life, be it the medical domain or the other. more than 250 countries are suffering from COVID in in spite of time. The Indian government is creating the mandatory steps to manage the spread of virus within the society. Folks everywhere the globe are at risk of its consequences within the future. During a pandemic like this, people usually worry whether or not they show a signal of COVID-19 or not. Numerous AI strategies are applied with success in epidemic studies. Here, in this paper, we surveyed different models that can detect and predict COVID-19 from X-ray or CT of lung images. Keywords: COVID-19 detection, deep learning, chest X-ray image, CNN
Integrated Approach Utilizing Passive Design Principles for Construction of Affordable Housing
Authors: Ullah Mohammed Itaath , Bashmail Ali Bin Shakeel , Akram Mohammed , Nanchari Kanchala
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Around the world populace in urban communities has been expanding in multifold because of fast urbanization also, movement of town people. The evil impact of urbanization is making destruction nature of life, clog, and natural contamination further, it additionally affects abiding units in the city having a gigantic interest because of this the expense of development per square feet has been expanding quickly alongside the land cost subsequently it is thing to get done reasonable houses then, at that point, just be the viable answer for residing. An endeavor is made in the current review resort to development of reasonable lodging consolidating inactive plan boundaries. Hence, feasible materials and procedures of development have been considered out of various variables, the work has been achieved in three phases: Sustainable materials are recognized to shorten ecological debasement and financial effect by utilizing relative list and insightful ordered progression strategies for positioning of the material in stage one out of sixty materials the initial ten position materials were utilized while in stage two, it is created in light of different to assemble model uninvolved plan factors to upgraded the warm solace and day lighting in lodging framework and examination of burdens is completed in STAAD Pro, utilizing supportable materials in view of positioning and in the wake of applying filler piece strategy for development of the rooftop. In the last stage, life cycle costing is assessed coming about in the all-out cost decrease by practically 20% and further upkeep cost is likewise saved due to energy saving by manageable materials and aloof plan rules. Keywords: Sustainable materials, Affordable housing, Relative index method, AHP, Ranking, Passive design and LCA of cost.
Smart Banking Chatbot
Authors: Shinde Akshay Rajesh , Shekhare Nitish Dulaji , Shingewar Atharv Hemant , Itankar Prashant Y.
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The purpose of the project is to make any domain-specific website, in our case banking, more usable by integrating a chatbot that serves as an interface for customer inquiries about services. This reduces customer interaction time with websites, thereby valuing their time and improving their overall experience. As part of this project, we explored and attempted to create an intelligent chatbot that could extract relevant information, recognize various intents and execute the pre-mapped actions. To create a contextual assistant for the above purpose, we used the RASA framework. To train the model, we constructed a custom dataset that includes multiple intents and entities. Additionally, we provide some python scripts (RASA actions) that will be executed when some intents are detected. Our solution consisted of creating a pipeline having a chatbot and several actions triggered by the chatbot. These actions will connect with the database and then provide the required data or make changes according to the user’s query and display the feedback back to the user via the chat widget.
Media Control Using Hand Gestures
Authors: Chapalgaonkar Vallabh , Kulkarni Atharva , Sonawale Amey
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Gesture-based real-time gesture recognition systems received great attention in recent years because of their ability to interact with systems efficiently through human-computer interaction. Human-Computer Interaction can gain several advantages with the establishment of different natural forms of device-free communication. Gestures are a natural form of action that we often use in our daily lives to interact, so to use them as a way of communicating with computers generates a new paradigm of computing interaction. This project implements computer vision and gesture recognition techniques and develops a vision based low-cost input software for controlling the media player through gestures Keywords: Machine learning, OpenCV, Pycaw, Mediapipe, VLC Media Player, gesture, Human-Computer Interface, Webcam
Analisis Pengaruh Modal Dan Upah Tenaga Kerja Terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Kecil Menengah Kerajinan Kayu Di Dusun Rejoso Kecamatan Junrejo Kota Batu
Authors: Wulandari Novita
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of capital and labor wages on income. The data used are 25 respondents of wood craftsmen in Rejoso Hamlet, Junrejo District, Batu City. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing. The study results indicate that the variables of capital and labor wages have a positive and significant effect on the income of small and medium woodcraft businesses in Rejoso Hamlet, Junrejo District, Batu City. It can be suggested that the craftsmen are expected to be able to increase the capital they have to get a higher income because money is one of the main aspects that affect revenue
Kajian Komparasi Kinerja Sludge Separator dan Dekanter 3 Fasa Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (PKS)
Authors: Nasution Arjanggi , Nasution M. Ansori , Rivani Meta , Lydiasari Henny , Wulandari Ayu
Published: April 2022

Teknologi yang digunakan dalam menurunkan persentase kehilangan minyak pada sludge keluaran dari underflow pada Continuous Settling Tank (CST) adalah dengan menggunakan sludge separator atau dekanter 3 fasa. Pada PKS A pengutipan minyak dilakukan secara manual dengan angka kehilangan minyak sebesar 0.36 ton/jam atau 7.83 m3/hari. Angka kehilangan minyak yang dihasilkan menunjukkan bahwa pengutipan minyak menggunakan sludge separator atau dekanter 3 fasa diperlukan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode komparasi data primer dan data sekunder terhadap prinsip kerja, jumlah alat pendukung, kebutuhan daya listrik, operasional, pemeliharaan, biaya investasi dan kualitas limbah. Data primer yang digunakan kandungan minyak, laju alir dan suhu cairan underflow CST; kandungan minyak dan laju alir limbah cair dari keluaran drab akhir; jumlah minyak yang dikutip dan dikembalikan ke PKS. Data sekunder berupa laporan performa PKS, laporan produksi limbah serta data spesifikasi sludge separator dan decanter 3 fasa dari produsen. Prinsip kerja sludge separator dan dekanter 3 fasa yaitu ukuran partikel, layout bowl, arah putaran bowl, jenis keluaran, kapasitas sludge, kapasitas alat dan losis minyak. Dekanter 3 fasa memiliki jumlah unit alat pendukung pengolahan sebanyak 28 unit yang lebih banyak daripada menggunakan sludge separator sebanyak 22 unit. Kebutuhan daya sludge separator yaitu 45-60 kWh dengan jumlah 3 unit, dekanter 3 fasa membutuhkan daya listrik sebesar 22-55 kWh dengan jumlah 1 unit. Secara operasional terdapat faktor penunjang sludge separator meliputi suhu, ukuran nozzle, dan putaran bowl, sementara faktor penunjang dekanter 3 fasa meliputi laju alir dan komposisi umpan, kecepatan sentrifugal dan diferensial, kedalaman zona klarifikasi serta bukaan weir liquid discharge. Pemeliharaan pada sludge separator dan dekanter 3 fasa dipengaruhi oleh faktor air pengencer, operasional, dan kerusakan. Kisaran biaya investasi dalam pengadaan sludge separator sebesar Rp 0,863-1,837 Miliar sedangkan dekanter 3 fasa sebesar Rp 3,804-5,825 Miliar. Kualitas limbah dekanter 3 fasa lebih baik dibandingkan sludge separator. Hasil ini menunjukkan alat yang paling efektif dalam pengolahan sludge keluaran dari CST adalah dekanter 3 fasa.
An Evaluation on R&D Incentive Policies in the European Union and Turkey
Authors: Ezanoğlu Zeynep , Çetin Dilek
Published: April 2022

Economic growth, which is one of the main determinants of social welfare, is among the important issues in economics. It has been a subject emphasized by different schools of economics that technology and technological change are among the main sources of economic growth and development. As a result of R&D and innovation activities, qualified labor employment and production in a country will increase, thus economic growth will occur. As stated in growth theories, technological progress and innovations are considered the driving force of growth. Various economists have argued that public support for R&D through public incentives should be provided, as market failures will prevent firms from reaching the socially optimal level of R&D. Considering the contribution of R&D and innovation practices to national economies, governments provide direct and indirect support to studies in this field. Within the scope of this study, the legal and institutional situation regarding R&D incentives in Turkey has been examined and an evaluation has been made on the current status of innovation activities and R&D incentive policies of the European Union countries.
A Case of a 16-Year-Old Patient With Chronic Invasive Aspergillosis in the Trachea Treated With Segmental Tracheal Resection and Cricotracheal Anastomosis
Authors: Heo Yujin , Choi Nayeon , Yoo Keon Hee , Chung Man Ki
Published: April 2022

Chronic invasive aspergillosis is a life-threatening disease, especially in immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis and treatment of tracheal aspergillosis (TA) are challenging because of its rarity and nonspecific clinical presentations. The treatment standard of TA has been medical treatment like other forms of invasive aspergillosis, but patients with medically resistant TA require surgical intervention. We demonstrated a successful surgical outcome of chronic invasive TA in a 16-year-old patient with immunocompromised status related to acute myelocytic leukemia.
Tracheal Cartilaginous Sleeve in Antley-Bixler Syndrome With W290C Mutation in FGFR2
Authors: Oh Jayoung , Kwon Seong Keun
Published: April 2022

A case is presented to show tracheal cartilaginous sleeve in Antley-Bixler syndrome, which is the second case to be reported so far. In this patient, W290C mutation in FGFR2, the mutation previously known to cause Pfeiffer syndrome, was newly identified. After receiving tracheostomy, the patient recovered from repetitive respiratory distress, and retrieved normal respiratory function. Thorough airway examination and active surgical management such as tracheostomy is necessary in children with syndromic craniosynostosis, including Antley-Bixler syndrome.
A Case of False Negativity With COVID-19 Diagnostic Test in Total Laryngectomee
Authors: Beag Moon Seung , Kwon Hyeok Ro , Kim Seung Woo
Published: April 2022

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by severe acute syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurs the unprecedented pandemic during recent two years and the WHO declared a global pandemic of COVID-19 in March 2020. The most common sampling sites in COVID-19 test are the oropharynx and nasopharynx. We recently encountered a total laryngectomee who had a positivity COVID-19 diagnostic test from the tracheostoma, on the other hand, false negativity from the nasal cavity. The meaning of this case is that accurate screening test could be achieved by performing a test through the tracheostoma as well as nasal cavity or oropharynx. We also would like to discuss the accurate testing methods of patients whose airflow has distorted due to surgery, the management method of these patients, and the need of further research in the COVID-19 pandemic period with relevant literature reviews.
Editorial: New insights on environmental management accounting, innovative companies, tax measures and foreign direct investments
Authors: Ballestra Luca Vincenzo
Published: April 2022

The editorial team is delighted to present the first issue of the journal Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions in 2022. This issue contains six interesting papers dealing with up-to-date subjects in accounting, macroeconomics, economic policy, and innovation, which are analyzed from an original perspective. In particular, these six papers focus on environmental accounting, hidden champion companies, transitional economy, economic growth and taxation, Fintech companies, foreign direct investments, and export diversification.
Clp ATPases differentially affect natural competence development in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Pandey Satya , Biswas Indranil
Published: April 2022

In naturally competent bacteria, DNA transformation through horizontal
gene transfer is an evolutionary mechanism to receive extracellular DNA.
Bacteria need to maintain a state of competence to accept foreign DNA
and this is an energy-driven phenomenon that is tightly controlled. In
Streptococcus, competence development is a complex process that is not
fully understood. In this study, we used Streptococcus mutans, an oral
bacterium, to determine how cell density affects competence development.
We found that in S. mutans the transformation efficiency is maximum when
the transforming DNA was added at low cell density and incubated for 2.5
h before selecting for transformants. We also found that S. mutans cells
remain competent until the mid-logarithmic phase, after which the
competence decreases drastically. Surprisingly, we observed that
individual components of Clp proteolytic complexes differentially
regulate competence. If the transformation is carried out at the early
growth phase, both ClpP protease and ClpX ATPase are needed for
competence. In contrast, we found that both ClpC and ClpE negatively
affect competence. We also found that if the transformation is carried
out at the mid-logarithmic growth phase ClpX is still required for
competence but ClpP negatively affects competence. While the exact
reason for this differential effect of ClpP and ClpX on transformation
is currently unknown, we found that both ClpC and ClpE have a negative
effect on transformation, which was not reported before.