bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of “Big Five” Personality with Perceived Stress in Medical Postgraduates: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Manohar J. Shivanand , Donthu Raj Kiran , K. R. Syam , M. Kishor , Pai Keshava
Published: June 2021

Background: Medical postgraduates are exposed to more time in patient care and thereby higher stress. Personality is one of the important factors associated with stress. Studies exist in profiling personality traits and also assessing stress in medical professionals. However, in India, to the best of our knowledge, there are only few studies linking personality traits with stress in different branches of medicine.
Aim : The aim of the study was to study the association between big five personality traits and stress among medical postgraduates.
Setting and Design This was a cross-sectional study in medical college.
Materials and MethodsBig five inventory, perceived stress scale 14.
Statistical Analysis Used Chi-square, t-test, analysis of variance, correlation.
Results Personality pattern among postgraduates were low on openness (P = 0.000), neuroticism (P = 0.001), and high agreeableness (P = 0.007) compared to general population. Among the different branches pre-paraclinical branches have low openness (P = 0.004), medical branches have high agreeableness (P = 0.000), low openness (P = 0.000), surgical branches have low openness (P = 0.004), and neuroticism (P = 0.003). Married students have high neuroticism (P = 0.007). Perceived stress is high in all variables compared to general population. Among different subjects of medical sciences, it is significantly high in pre-paraclinical (P = 0.001) and clinical branches (P = 0.001). Negative correlation exists between conscientiousness (r = ?0.233, P = 0.025), extraversion (r = ?0.204, P = 0.050), and positive correlation between neuroticism (r = +0.607, P = 0.000) with perceived stress.
Conclusions:Medical postgraduates have low openness, neuroticism, and high agreeableness. Perceived stress is high in medical postgraduates in all demographic variables compared to the general population.
A Cross-sectional Study of Acneiform Eruptions at a Tertiary Center
Authors: Gouda Shivaprasad , Badad Ambresh , Hogade Ashok
Published: June 2021

Background: Acneiform eruptions represent 1% of all drug-induced skin reactions following exposure to drugs such as hormones, vitamins, halogens, anti-tubercular drugs, neuropsychotherapeutic drugs, immunomodulating agents, and other miscellaneous drugs.
Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the topical, inhalational, intralesional, and systemic drugs causing acneiform eruptions.
Materials and Methods A total of 46 patients presenting with acneiform eruptions were studied with detailed drug history.
Conclusions: Acneiform eruption is a relatively common and often misdiagnosed entity. Systemic steroids are the most common cause of acneiform eruption.
An Observational Study on the Prevalence of Dry Eyes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and its Relation to the Duration and Severity of Disease
Authors: Sarkar Kumaresh Chandra , Bhattacharyya Shashwat , Sarkar Piyali , Maitra Aditi , Mandal Ramkrishna
Published: June 2021

An Observational Study on the Prevalence of Dry Eyes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and its Relation to the Duration and Severity of Disease
A Comparative Study of Tuberculin Reactions to 2 TU and 5 TU of Purified Protein Derivative in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: B S Chinthana , Y C Beere Gowda , R R Narendra , A Shivaraja , K N V Prasad
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of deaths related to an infectious disease, after HIV. Tuberculin skin testing (TST) which is also called Mantoux test or purified protein derivative (PPD) test remains a useful tool to diagnose TB in children. Current recommendation is to use 2 TU PPD RT23 for all diagnostic purposes. TST or Mantoux test is considered positive if the induration is 10 mm or more. Due to non-availability of 2 TU, unstandardized TST with 5, 10 TU RT23 is in practice which can cause problems in reading of test results.
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to compare the tuberculin reaction sizes to 2 TU and 5 TU doses of RT 23 with Tween 80 at 46–48 h and 76–78 h.
Methodology: All children who were aged < 18 years and are known case of TB were included in the study. Each child was administered dual intradermal injections with 2 TU and 5 TU doses of tuberculin on the volar aspect of the forearm until a wheal was visible at the injected area. The reactions to both the tests were read at 46–48 h and 70–72 h. Institutional Ethics Committee approval was taken before start of the study. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22 version software.
Results A total number of cases included in the study during the study period were 81 cases, out of which 52 (64.19%) were male and 29 (35.8%) were female. Among those 81 cases, the mean reaction to 2 TU at 46–48 h was 12.79 mm and at 76–78 h was 15.33 mm. The mean reaction to 5 TU at 46–48 h was 18.89 mm and at 76–78 h was 22.80 mm. Among the cases, the mean size of induration at 46–48 h was lesser than that of 76–78 h in both 2 TU and 5 TU and it was statistically significant. Reactions to 2 TU and 5 TU PPD can be made comparable using the equation, 5 TU = (2 TU × 0.599) + 11.233 at 46–48 h and 5 TU = (2 TU × 0.074) + 21.66 at 76–78 h.
ConclusionThus to conclude, cutaneous hypersensitivity to 2 TU PPD can be made comparison using the equation, 5 TU = (2 TU × 0.
Burkholderia Septicemia: A Case Report
Authors: Sarwat Tarana , Khan Zarine , Dutta Renu , Dutta Renu
Published: June 2021

Burkholderia cepacia is a bacterial pathogen which usually causes infection in immunocompromised or hospitalized patients. It also causes associated infections in patients with underlying pulmonary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous diseases. It is often resistant to multiple antibiotics and has been found to grow even in medium containing penicillin. Here, we report a case of B. cepacia bacteremia in a post-operative patient of rheumatic heart disease with bilateral pleural effusion who, on being timely diagnosed, was managed effectively with appropriate antibiotics.
SOSYOKÜLTÜREL YAPININ EFSANELERE YANSIMASI BAĞLAMINDA ŞANLIURFA EFSANELERİ
Authors: Kırmızı Ömer
Published: June 2021

Bir yer, kişi veya olay hakkında anlatılan, sanat kaygısından uzak, içinde olağanüstülükler barındıran ve inandırıcı olma özelliği gösteren kısa nesir anlatılar olarak tarif edilen efsaneler; bir toplumun inancı, kültürü, dili, gelenekleri, idealleri ve ahlak anlayışı ile ilgili dinleyenlere fikir veren anlatılardır. İcra bağlamı ve işlevleri dikkate alındığında toplumlar için zaman zaman bir norm kaynağı olarak da telakki edilen efsaneler, toplumların sosyokültürel dokusunu yansıtan anlatıların başında gelmektedir.
Farklı etnik ve dinî grupların bir arada yaşadığı Şanlıurfa, peygamberler dönemine uzanan köklü tarihi ile birçok efsaneye kaynaklık etmiş bir şehirdir. Bu çalışmada, alan araştırması ve yazılı kaynaklardan yararlanma yöntemiyle yöreden derlenen otuz bir efsaneden hareketle yöredeki sosyokültürel yapının Şanlıurfa efsanelerine nasıl yansıdığı irdelenmiştir. Efsanelerin toplum hayatından beslenmesi, toplum hayatını yönlendirmesi, Şanlıurfa efsanelerinin mahallî kültürel unsurları bünyesinde barındırmasına zemin teşkil etmiştir. Bu makalede mahallî kültür unsurlarının hangi başlıklar bağlamında değerlendirilebileceği ortaya konmuştur.
Yapılan inceleme sonucunda Şanlıurfa’daki sosyokültürel yapının “gündelik hayat, adlar ve adlandırmalar, bitkiler ve hayvanlar, mutfak kültürü, mekânlar ve yapılar, peygamberler, mutasavvıflar ve şeyhler” başlıklarında yöre efsanelerine yansıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Şanlıurfa efsanelerinin yöredeki özgün sosyokültürel yapıyı gelecek kuşaklara aktaran halk anlatılarından biri olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
La música de los libros de canto llano de la Catedral de Sevilla
Authors: González Barrionuevo Herminio
Published: June 2021

El número de libros corales de la catedral de Sevilla asciende casi a trescientos en total, correspondientes a un período de tiempo que va del siglo XV al XX. Los más antiguos, por ser más decorados e iluminados, han sido estudiados por varios especialistas, pero no ha sucedido esto con su música, a pesar de ser la verdadera razón de su existencia. En el presente artículo centramos nuestra reflexión sobre la revisión del canto llano realizada por Sebastián Vicente Villegas, a petición del cabildo de Sevilla, tras la publicación del decreto de Clemente VIII y la doctrina del humanismo extendida por toda Europa después del Concilio de Trento.
Los seises de la Catedral de Guadix de los siglos XVI-XVII: desarrollo, actuaciones y personajes
Authors: Peña Blanco Alfonso
Published: June 2021

En los primeros testimonios documentales de las catedrales españolas se constata la participación de grupos de niños en la organización interna y en el culto. De la misma manera, sus actuaciones iban más allá del servicio en las misas, participando igualmente en la liturgia y paraliturgia del coro, donde la música tenía una importancia capital. No obstante, a partir del siglo xv, los cambios introducidos en la música que se interpretaba en estos centros religiosos obligaron a la progresiva profesionalización de estos niños cantores, dando lugar a un grupo de mozos de coro o seises, cuya misión principal fue la de interpretar la primera y segunda voz de la música polifónica. En este trabajo damos a conocer el desarrollo y los protagonistas de este grupo de cantores en la sede accitana en los siglos xvi-xvii, analizando la catedral como un espacio de aprendizaje y promoción; ya que muchos de ellos provenían de estratos sociales marginados.
Fernando Rosales (1754-1830), el último Maestro Mayor tardobarroco del Arzobispado de Sevilla
Authors: Higuera Meléndez José Manuel
Published: June 2021

El arquitecto sevillano Fernando Rosales, cuya vida profesional se desarrolló a caballo entre los siglos xviii y xix, fue uno de los más activos maestros mayores de obras de la Iglesia de Sevilla. De carácter afable, tuvo sin embargo algunos sonoros desencuentros con el arquitecto José Echamorro, que aquí se exponen. Y al igual que ocurrió a sus compañeros en el cargo, la Real Academia de San Fernando rechazó sus proyectos enviados a dicha institución. Eclipsada por la de Antonio de Figueroa y José Álvarez, el estudio monográfico de su obra está aún por abordar. Este trabajo pretende contribuir a su conocimiento, mediante la aportación de numerosas noticias inéditas, tanto biográficas como profesionales, algunas de las cuales subsanan persistentes errores historiográficos, contextualizándolas entre sus más conocidas realizaciones.
A Study on Rupture Resistance of Groundnut (cv. SAMNUT 22) Kernel
Authors: UGURU Hilary , AKPOKODJE Ovie Isaac , ALTUNTAS Ebubekir
Published: June 2021

This study was done to assess the influence of compression loading rate and kernel size on the rupture resistance of groundnut (cv. SAMNUT 22) kernel. These groundnut kernel mechanical parameters (rupture force, deformation at rupture, rupture power, firmness and toughness) were evaluated under three loading rates (15 mm min-1, 20 mm min-1 and 25 mm min-1), and three size categories (small, medium and large). The groundnut kernels were harvested at peak maturity stage, and tested in accordance to ASTM International standards. Results obtained from the tests showed that the rupture resistance of SAMNUT 22 kernel was highly dependent on its size and the loading rate. Generally, as the loading rate increases, the mechanical parameters values declined significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Rupture force, deformation at rupture point, rupture power and the firmness increased as the kernel size increases; but in contrast, the kernel toughness decreases as its size increased. An average force of 57.96 N ruptured the large kernel, while a lower force of 27.35 N ruptured the small kernel. Moreover, the large kernel recorded the highest firmness (59.03 N mm-1), when compared to the medium (51.69 N mm-1) and small (44.98 N mm-1) size kernel. In terms of rupture power, the small kernel power ranged from 0.1002 W (15 mm min-1) to 0.084 W (25 mm min-1); medium size kernel ranged from 0.115 W (15 mm min-1) to 0.074 W (25 mm min- 1); while the large size kernel ranged from 0.135 W (15 mm min-1) to 0.104 W (25 mm min-1). These results portrayed importance of sorting of the groundnut kernels before processing unit operation, as it will help to conserve power and energy during the processing operation.
Design, Development and Evaluation of a Bucket Drip Irrigation System for Dry Season Vegetable Production in South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: IGBOJIONU Donatus Okwudiri , OBINECHE Christopher Ikechi , IGBOJIONU Juliet Nnennaya
Published: June 2021

In South-Eastern Nigeria, during the dry season from November to April, vegetables are always in short supply and consequently expensive. Hence, there is a need to design, develop an affordable and simple bucket drip irrigation system that can be used to grow vegetables under limited water supply conditions. Using the estimated consumptive use of the proposed crop okra and the area occupied by the crop stands, the capacity of the bucket as a source of water was computed. The bucket filled with water was placed at a head of 1 m. The water was allowed to flow through emitters located at 30 cm intervals along the lateral lines laid at the land slope of 2%. Two lengths of PVC tubes 11 m long, 1 mm thick and internal diameters 16 mm, Micro-tubes 5 cm long and internal diameter 1.2 mm, were used. The discharge from each emitter was determined through volumetric measurements. The system was then evaluated using the Christiansen’s method and the Merriam and Keller’s method and assessed using ASAE standards 1996(a) and 1996(b) performance rating. 22 sampled emitters evaluated from the lateral line showed total energy drop of 2.5 x 10-5 m, flow variation (FV) of 8%, coefficient of variation (CV) of emitter discharge of 0.02, uniformity coefficient (UC) of 97% and emission uniformity (EU) of 73%. The results show that the system is efficient and can be used by farmers to meet the demands for vegetables in the dry season.
Mechanical Properties of Bell Pepper Fruits, as Related to the Development of its Harvesting Robot
Authors: IDAMA Omokaro , UGURU Hilary , AKPOKODJE Ovie Isaac
Published: June 2021

Adequate knowledge of the mechanical properties of fruits is required for the optimization of fruits harvesting robots. This study was carried out to evaluate some physical and mechanical properties of bell pepper fruits, which will be useful for the design and utilization of bell pepper fruits harvesting robots. Some mechanical properties (failure force, failure energy and compressibility) of matured bell pepper fruits were evaluated at three different dimension sizes and two fruit orientations, according to the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) approved procedure. Results obtained from this study revealed that the fruit size and orientation had significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on the mechanical properties of the bell pepper fruits. The failure force and failure energy of the fruit increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) as the fruit locule number increases from 3 to 4. Relatively, the results revealed that the failure force and failure energy of the fruit increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) as the fruit size increased from small to large size. As portrayed by this study results, the failure force and failure energy of the fruit when loaded in the natural position was higher than values obtained, when the fruit was compressed at the vertical position; irrespective of the fruit size. This revealed that the fruit at the natural position absorbed higher compressive force (pressure) and compressive energy, regardless of the fruit locule number. Results obtained from this study will present useful information for the design, programming and optimization of bell pepper harvesting and handling robots.
METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE RESIDUAL LIFE OF GEARS IN THE INTER-REPAIR PERIOD
Authors:   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, Ishin N.N. , Goman A.M. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, Skorokhodov A.S. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, Naturjeva M.K. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, Dakalo Yu.A. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus
Published: June 2021

The aim of the work is to create a computational and experimental method for the operational evaluation of the residual life of spur gears of technically complex products in the inter-repair period by conducting periodic vibration control. The proposed method is based on the main provisions of the theory of vibration-pulse diagnostics of gears developed in the Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. At the same time, the current value of the KV coefficient, which takes into account the internal dynamic load in the engagement of each gear, and its change during operation is determined based on the analysis of the time realizations of vibration accelerations. The main operation capacity criteria are the contact and bending strength of the teeth. An example of estimating the residual life of a gear pair is given that limits the reliability of a double-row planetary gear motor-wheel of a heavy-duty dump truck. The proposed method makes it possible at any stage of operation of a gear mechanism to assess the residual life of its gears, identify its most “weak” links, determine the probability of failure of the object, minimize the risk of accidents, optimize maintenance schedules, increase the inter-repair time. Thus, it is possible to organize highly effective monitoring of the reliability-limiting components of the technically complex products during operation and transition from planned preventive maintenance of machines to maintenance according to the actual condition.
Second-Line Therapies in the Changing Landscape of First-Line Therapies for Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Shaw Tiffany , Lee Hannah , Figlin Robert
Published: June 2021

In recent years, first-line therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have shifted to a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors or a combination of antiangiogenesis tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapy. This has led to a need to address standard-of-care treatment in the second-line setting. Our review presents an analysis of current and upcoming data to guide treatment decisions. After progression on nivolumab plus ipilimumab, current data favor monotherapy TKI with cabozantinib or axitinib. Current literature for second-line therapy given after combination TKI plus immunotherapy shows the strongest evidence for either single-agent cabozantinib or combination everolimus with lenvatinib. Investigations are ongoing for the role of TKIs with immunotherapy in the second-line setting. Novel agents, such as HIF2α inhibitors, are currently being studied as single agents and in combination with other treatment modalities in efforts to improve patient outcomes in mRCC.
Radiotherapy for Oligometastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: McCall Neal , Higgins Kristin
Published: June 2021

Historically, patients with stage IV non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been treated with chemotherapy alone, reserving local therapies for symptom palliation. However, evidence has accumulated that a subset of patients with oligometastatic NSCLC (OM-NSCLC) may benefit from local ablative therapies (LATs). In this article, we review the data that have formed the rationale for LAT, specifically radiotherapy, and the prospective trials that support its use in this population. Finally, we examine the evolving role of LAT in patients with OM-NSCLC in the context of immunotherapy and targeted therapies, as well as discuss ongoing clinical trials incorporating LAT in these patients.
COURTS OF THE KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS OKRUG IN THE FIRST YEAR OF THE POST-WAR FIVE-YEAR PLAN
Authors: Kaburkin Aleksandr A.
Published: June 2021

The judicial system and the judicial authority in any state and in any society perform very important socially significant functions. That is why the issues of evolvement, formation, as well as the legal regulation of the court system, improving the legislative framework of the judicial system’s activity are a serious link in the construction of a democratic state governed by the rule of law. A comprehensive and complete study of construction and transformation of the Soviet judicial system in this context is extremely relevant and is of paramount importance both for the Russian society and for the Russian state, since it was the Soviet judicial system that was the basis for constructing the current Russian judicial system. In this aspect, the post-war stage in the formation of the judicial system in the USSR is of particular interest, its study requires a particularly careful attention and detailed analysis, including due to its originality and uniqueness in the context of world history. The article considers the features of the formation and activity of the judicial bodies in the Khanty-Mansi National District, as well as the problems faced by the district courts after the end of the Great Patriotic War in the first year of the post-war five-year plan of 1946–1950, aimed at restoring the national economy. The article shows the specifics and uniqueness of the district judicial system functioning, reflects the main directions to which the district courts directed their efforts, describes the main problems that the courts faced in their work. The article presents statistical data on key positions that characterize both criminal judicial and punitive policy and civil law proceedings. Problems and shortcomings in the activity of the Soviet judicial system in the territory of the district are reflected. It is noted that the courts made a significant contribution to the national economy restoration and the establishment of peaceful life in the region. Despite the existence of certain problems in the activities of the district courts, despite the difficulties in their work, including due to the geographical features of the district, the judicial authorities ensured the fulfillment of their extremely important tasks in the field of both administration of justice and ensuring punitive policies and, consequently, following the party’s policies. At this, despite the increase in crime in the first post-war year, the growth of criminal cases, the district courts improved the quality of proceedings conduct.
ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY THE CAST OF LENINGRAD OPERA AND BALLET THEATER NAMED AFTER S.M. KIROV IN THE FIRST HALF OF 1941
Authors: Mankov Andrey V.
Published: June 2021

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that 80 years ago – on June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people began. In the second half of 1941, millions of Soviet people unexpectedly became defenders of the Fatherland: commanders and political workers of the Red Army, ordinary Red Army soldiers and Red Navy men, partisans and members of the underground, some of them were captured and turned into prisoners of nazi concentration camps. The author focuses on the most interesting episodes from the creative and social life of the world-famous Leningrad State AcademicOpera and Ballet Theater named after S.M. Kirov (GATOB) and its artists. How did they meet the beginning of the war? What happened in the theater in the pre-war months of 1941, as well as in the first hours and days of the war? What was the theater’s repertoire in 1941? In his work, the author primarily uses the materials of a number of issues of the theater newspaper «For the Soviet Art», published in January – September 1941 in Leningrad and stored in our time in the funds of St. Petersburg State Theater Library, for the first time introducing them into scientific circulation. He tells about the details of the theater’s creative activity, which today are of undoubted interest to all amateurs of the Russian culture. It is concluded that the outbreak of the war made significant adjustments to the repertoire of the on-stage performance group, radically changed the entire life of Leningrad State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater. It is particularly emphasized that the last pre-war opera premiere of the great theater on the stage in Leningrad was the performance to the music of the German composer R. Wagner «Lohengrin». In those years, Wagner was considered in Germany one of the symbols of the «Aryan culture» of the Third Reich. Today, the author believes, it can be supposed that staging of the German «Lohengrin» in Soviet Leningrad in June 1941 had a political nature, and the decision to work on the performance was made at the highest state level.
EFFECT OF NIRGUNDI (VITEX NEGUNDO LINN.) PATRA ARKA AS ASCHOTHANA (EYE DROPS) IN CATARACT-A CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: Dhanisha B K  , C S Kannadas  , Kusumam Joseph  , V Sahasranamam  , Annie Abraham
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Age-related cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness and avoidable visual impairment in the world. There is no time-tested, FDA-approved, or clinically proven medical treatment exists till date to delay, prevent, or reverse the progression of senile cataract. Nirgundi (Vitex negundo) is a Chakshushya single drug mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. Various animal experimental study and invitro studies in recent years using flavonoids extracted from leaves of Vitex negundo on selenite induced cataract models proved to be beneficial in arresting the progression of cataract. Hence a clinical study with Vitex negundo eye drops in the form of Arka was planned with primary objective to assess the effect of Nirgundi patra arka as Aschotana (eye drops) in pre senile cataract. Methods: The study design was interventional pre and post evaluation without control. Patients were advised to instill Nirgundi patra arka two drops thrice daily i.e. 6 am, 12 pm and 6pm for a period of 6months. Log mar visual acuity score and contrast sensitivity score were recorded before treatment, 3rd month of treatment, after treatment, 9th month (1st follow up) and 12th month (2nd follow up). Slit lamp photographs were recorded before treatment and 12th month. Study and follow up were done in 31 eyes. Result: The intervention is statistically significant while considering visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. All the 27 cases of nuclear cataract responded to the intervention, while only 83.3% of posterior sub capsular cataract and 60% of cortical cataract showed response. But the change was not significant statistically. Conclusion: The intervention was effective in improving visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in all types of pre senile cataract. Clinical assessment revealed the study was effective in preventing the progression of pathogenesis in early stage of nuclear cataract.
Financing Roads through Tolls in Nigeria: The Role of Public-Private Partnerships
Authors:   Research Fellow, African Procurement Law Unit, Department of Mercantile Law, Stellenbosch University and Honorary Senior Research Associate in the Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management, University College London, Nwangwu Dr. George
Published: June 2021

Nearly 18 years after the Government of Nigeria dismantled toll plazas along the country’s highways, there is renewed interest by the present administration to re-introduce toll roads to help finance the construction, repairs and maintenance of the highways. This has been met with predictable opposition from different interest groups around the country. This paper notes that using tolls as a means of financing highways is not a particularly bad strategy, as there are several benefits that could accrue to the country from its use. However, the manner in which the proposed tolling appears to be structured will not resolve all the issues bedevilling the Nigerian road sector. For greater impact and sustainability, the financing of some of the major roads should be done in partnership with the private sector, through Public-Private Partnerships. This paper acknowledges the peculiar difficulties inherent in the use of tolls to finance roads in Nigeria and suggests policies that are required to make it successful.
Didactic Conditions for the Formation of Discussion Competence among Students
Authors:   1st year master's student of SamSIFL, Sherali qizi Khusanova Mokhira
Published: June 2021

The article substantiates the need for the formation of discussion competence among students of linguistic universities. For this purpose, it is proposed to use an integrated approach. The methodology for developing an integrated approach is based on general scientific principles that take into account the specifics of the formation of students' discussion competence. Clarified the content of the concepts: "discussion competence" and "discussion speech". The didactic conditions for the formation of discussion competence are revealed, which provide a combination of factors of purposeful pedagogical influence on a student in order to form a discussion competence.
Corporate Responsibility in Corruption Crimes at PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Government Company) (Analysis of Sentence Number 30/Pid.Sus/Tpk/ 2020/PN.Jkt.Pst)
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, RS. Fatmawati Street, South Jakarta City, 12450, Desturi, SH Desi
Published: June 2021

A corporation is an entity or legal subject whose existence makes a major contribution in increasing economic growth and national development, but in reality, corporations sometimes also commit various criminal acts (corporate crimes) that have a detrimental impact on the state and society. A corporation can be considered to have committed a crime based on the actions of a person who controls the management of the corporation. PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Company) as a state-owned company in recent years has been in the spotlight. PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Government company) is unable to fulfill its customer's maturity policy obligations of around Rp 12.4 trillion. The default of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Government company) actually occurred in one of its flagship products, the JS Saving plan. JS Saving plan is a life insurance product as well as an investment offered through banking or bancassurance. In contrast to unit-linked insurance products where the investment risk is borne by the policyholder, the JS Saving plan is a non-unit-linked investment whose risks are fully borne by the insurance company. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of corporate responsibility in the case of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Government company) and to determine the optimization of corporate responsibility for the perpetrators of corruption at PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Government company) in returning losses to the state and customers (the public). The type of research used in writing this thesis is a normative legal research type. The results obtained are that in the corruption case that occurred at PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Government company) there were several perpetrators who were charged, one of which was Heru Hidayat who is the main commissioner of PT Trada Alam Minera who also manages and controls corporations involved in criminal acts. Corruption Deviations in Financial Management and Investment Funds by PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Government company). Heru Hidayat as one of the main actors in the corruption case has now been sentenced to life imprisonment plus a replacement money of Rp 10.73 trillion. Meanwhile, the corporations that have been accused are 13 Investment Manager Companies which have been transferred to the Corruption Court at the Central Jakarta District Court and are currently in the trial process.
The Analysis of Government Program Implementation in The Fulfillment of Home Needs for The Poor
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” University,, Pratiwi Dian Khoreanita
Published: June 2021

The state is responsible for protecting the entire Indonesian nation through the implementation of housing and settlement areas so that people are able to live and live in decent and affordable houses in a healthy, safe, harmonious and sustainable environment throughout Indonesia. Article 28H paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution stipulates that everyone has the right to live in physical and spiritual prosperity, to have a place to live, and to have a good and healthy environment and have the right to obtain health services. Then Article 28H paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution states that everyone has the right to have private property rights and these property rights may not be taken over arbitrarily by anyone. The research method used is empirical juridical research, which is to see the extent of the government's ability to provide housing for the poor. As for the results of the research, that the implementation of government programs in meeting housing needs for the poor, where the government has launched several programs, which include the construction of flats, special houses, assistance for the construction of infrastructure, facilities and utilities, housing financing assistance, and self-help housing stimulus assistance. Even though there have been many programs, not all residents have a decent place to live.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SERAT IJUK TERHADAP KEKUATAN MORTAR BETON PAVING BLOCK
Authors: Erlina Erlina
Published: June 2021

Pembuatan perkerasan jalan pada lingkungan perumahan dengan Paving Block salah satu cara konservasi air tanah dan pemanfaataan serat ijuk yangmerupakan upaya memberdayakan potensi lokal untuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kuat tekan, kuat lentur, dan daya serap air pada Paving Block sebagai lapisan perkerasan dengan penggunaan Serat Ijuk sebagai bahan tambah. Dengan benda uji berupa Paving Block dan bahan tambah berupa Serat Ijuk. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Bahan UCY, melalui beberapa proses pencampuran, pengadukan, penuangan, dan pemadatan, serta curing (Perawatan), lalu dilakukan pengujian mortar segar maupun mortar keras.

Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan secara visual Pada Paving Block dengan penambahan serat ijuk terhadap semen berpengaruh pada kuat tekan yang berakibat mengalami kenaikan dan penurunan kuat tekan rata-rata untuk umur 7 hari PB1 = 0,99%, PB1,5 = 0,87%, PB2 = 0,87% terhadap paving block normal sebesar 0,98%. Untuk umur 28 hari PB1 = 1,41%, PB1,5 = 1,25%, PB2 = 1,25% terhadap paving block normal sebesar 1,40%. Sedangkan pada kuat lentur yang berakibat mengalami penurunan rata-rata terhadap kuat lentur untuk umur 7 hari PB1 = 0,54%, PB1,5 = 0,55%, PB2 = 0,50% terhadap paving block normal sebesar 0,60%. untuk umur 28 hari PB1 = 0,77%, PB1,5 = 0,79% PB2 = 0,72% terhadap paving block normal sebesar 0,86%. Sedangkan untuk penambahan serat ijuk terhadap paving block, mengalami penurunan pada daya serap air PB1 = 9,521 %, PB1,5 = 11,806 %, PB2 = 11,886 % terhadap paving block normal sebesar 7,629 %. Dari hasil penelitian secara umum dengan penambahan serat ijuk terhadap semen paving block tidak memenuhi syarat kekuatan baik kuat tekan, kuat lentur maupun untuk daya serap airnya. Dengan demikian dari hasil penelitian ini belum memberikan nilai yang bermanfaat secara ekonomis pada masyarakat luas.
KAJIAN KAPASITAS SALURAN DAERAH IRIGASI BAING DI KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Budiyanto Muchamad Arif , Ropa Tornado M. Ratu
Published: June 2021

Irigasi merupakan kegiatan-kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan usaha mendapatkan air, antara lain untuk mengairi sawah, ladang, perkebunan, yang sebagai intinya adalah untuk keperluan pertanian dalam usaha tani. Daerah Irigasi Baing yang secara administratif berada di Desa Laipandak, Kecamatan Wulla Waijelu, Kabupaten Sumba Timur, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sumber air Daerah Irigasi ini berasal dari Sungai Baing dengan areal Potensial seluas 2.000,00Ha dengan 1.630,00Ha dan 302,00Ha untuk Saluran Sekunder Baing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk meninjau kapasitas saluran jaringan irigasi agar kebutuhan air pada Daerah Irigasi Baing dapat terpenuhi.

Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah data Sekunder yang diperoleh dari Balai Wilayah Sungai Nusa Tenggara II yaitu data topografi (2014), data Curah Hujan dan data Klimatologi 10 tahun terakhir dari Tahun 2009-2018 serta data Primer diperoleh dari hasil penelitian/survey langsung di lapangan. Metode pengolahan data dilakukan dengan metode Penman Modifikasi untuk menghitung Evapotranspirasi, kebutuhan air irigasi (NFR) dan rumus Strickler untuk debit saluran.

Setelah dilakukan perhitungan maka didapat nilai Evapotranspirasi Potensial Metode Penman Modifikasi sebesar 3,115 mm/hari, kebutuhan air irigasi (NFR) sebesar 1,34 ltr/dtk/ha, maka untuk saluran sekuder (SSR.1) ruas B.BG.1-BG.2 dengan luas areal 1.630,00 Ha diperoleh nilai Q = 3,4 m3/dtk, A = 5,60 m², V = 0,60 m/dtk, I = 0,0018559, dan lebar dasar saluran (b) = 3,20 m, tinggi muka air (h) = 1,75 m, tinggi jagaan (w) = 0,25 m. Sedangkan untuk saluran sekuder (SSR.2) ruas B.BG.1-BLM.1 dengan luas areal 302,00 Ha diperoleh nilai Q = 0,62 m3/dtk, A = 1,24 m², V = 0,50 m/dtk, I = 0,0267291, dan lebar dasar saluran (b) = 1,65 m, tinggi muka air (h) = 0,75 m, tinggi jagaan (w) = 0,25 m.
VALIDASI KUAT TEKAN DAN KUAT LENTUR BETON NORMAL TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN DAN KUAT LENTUR BETON DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SERBUK KAYU JATI DAN SERBUK KAYU KELAPA
Authors: Erlina Erlina
Published: June 2021

Pembangunan yang berwawasan lingkungan merupakan wacana baru yang harus dikembangkan baik dalam penyelenggaraan maupun pengelolaannya. Pengembangan bahan bangunan dari limbah selain dapat menunjang kebutuhan pembangunan juga dapat memecahkan masalah lingkungan yang selanjutnya produk ini dapat dikategorikan sebagai bahan bangunan ekologis.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan limbah serbuk kayu jati dan serbuk kayu kelapa terhadap kuat tekan beton dan kuat lentur beton. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat benda uji berupa silinder beton untuk uji kuat tekan dan balok beton untuk uji kuat lentur dengan variasi penambahan serbuk kayu mulai dari 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100%.

Untuk persiapan dan pembuatan benda uji dilakukan di Laboratorium Bahan FT UCY, pengujian kuat tekan dilakukan di Laboratorium Bahan FT Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta sedangkan pengujian kuat lenturnya dilakukan di Laboratorium Bahan FT UCY. Pembuatan benda uji dengan menggunakan metode campuran beton pada ”Road Note No. 4”.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasir mempunyai modulus halus butir 2,835, berat jenis (SSD) sebesar 2,642, kadar serapan air sebesar 4,95% dan kandungan lumpur sebesar 2,95%. Agregat kasar mempunyai modulus halus butiran 7,02, berat jenis (SSD) 2,623 dan serapan air sebesar 2,674%. Kayu jati mempunyai berat jenis sebesar 0,67 dan kayu kelapa mempunyai berat jenis sebesar 0,71. Beton dengan penambahan serbuk kayu jati mempunyai serapan air yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan beton dengan penambahan serbuk kayu kelapa dimana serapan air pada beton dengan penambahan serbuk kayu jati berkisar antara 12,45-41,65% dan pada penambahan serbuk kayu kelapa sebesar 9,41-36,28%. Beton dengan penambahan serbuk kayu jati mempunyai berat jenis, kuat tekan, modulus elastisitas dan kuat lentur yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan beton dengan penambahan serbuk kayu kelapa. Berat jenis beton dengan penambahan serbuk kayu jati 25-100% berkisar antara 1837,092-1225,839 kg/m3 dan pada kayu kelapa antara 2047,439-1237,370 kg/m3. Kuat tekan beton dengan penambahan serbuk kayu jati 25-100% berkisar antara 8,479-0,110 MPa dan pada kayu kelapa antara 13,670-0,145 MPa. Kuat lentur beton dengan penambahan serbuk kayu jati 25-100% berkisar antara 1,797-0,470 MPa dan pada kayu kelapa antara 1,948-0,489 MPaPergerakan yang berasal dari Perumnas Condongcatur Kecamatan Depok Kabupaten Sleman Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, dipengaruhi oleh Ukuran Rumah Tangga, Pemilkan Kendaraan, dan Pendapatan.
KARAKTERISTIK ASPHALT CONCRETE (AC) DENGAN AGREGAT SUNGAI SERANG KABUPATEN KULON PROGO BERDASARKAN KINERJA SECARA LABORATORIUM
Authors: Suryanto Suryanto
Published: June 2021

Pemeriksaan (pengujian) setiap saat dan lokasi terhadap agregat sebagai material perkerasan jalan sangat diperlukan mengingat dapat sebagai kontrol atau pembanding dari design (perencanaan) yang telah dilaksanakan dan sebagai gambaran atau perkiraan untuk perencanaan yang akan datang. Untuk mengetahui karakteristik dari Asphalt Concrete (AC) dengan agregat sungai Serang berdasarkan kinerja secara laboratorium dalam fungsinya sebagai Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC), Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC), dan Asphalt Concrete-Base (AC-Base) dilakukan pengujian dengan metode Marshall di laboratorium dan digunakan peubah agregat dan kadar aspal, yang terdiri dari uji aspal, agregat, dan tes Marshall. Karakteristik Asphalt Concrete (AC) meliputi penyerapan aspal, VIM, VMA, VFA, stabilitas Marshall,  kelelehan (flow), kuotien Marshall, stabilitas Marshall sisa setelah perendaman selama 24 jam, 60 ºC , dan VIM  pada kepadatan membal (refusal). Kadar aspal tengah / ideal untuk AC agregat sungai Serang berdasarkan rumus Spesifikasi Depkimpraswil 2002 tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan kadar aspal optimum dari gambar hubungan kadar aspal dan parameter Marshall. Karakteristik (sifat) dari Asphalt Concrete (AC) dengan agregat sungai Serang dalam bentuk Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC), Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC), dan Asphalt Concrete-Base (AC-Base) memenuhi persyaratan Spesifikasi Depkimpraswil 2002.
STUDI EKSPLORASI LIMBAH GENTENG ASAL GODEAN SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAH PADA CAMPURAN BETON
Authors: Kristiyanto Hery , Susmanto Pri
Published: June 2021

Daerah Godean  merupakan daerah pengrajin genteng yang cukup produktif setiap harinya pabrik-pabrik genteng di daerah Godean memproduksi genteng dengan jumlah yang cukup besar, dan tidak semua genteng yang dihasilkan bermutu baik, banyak genteng yang tidak dapat dimanfaatkan dikarenakan beberapa factor diantaranya genteng pecah pada saat pembakaran, pecah pada saat pembongkaran  dan juga genteng melengkung karena pemanasan yang berlebihan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan limbah pecahan genteng yang tidak dapat didaur ulang di lingkungan pabrik genteng di daerah Godean yang semakin menumpuk sehingga mengganggu lingkungan sekitar. Diharapkan juga dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui apakah pecahan genteng dapat dijadikan alternatif bahan tambah yang baik atau sebaliknya dengan penambahan pecahan genteng dapat merusak mutu beton. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Bahan Konstruksi Teknik Universitas Cokroaminoto Yogyakarta dan Laboratorium Bahan Konstruksi Teknik Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta. Agregat yang digunakan adalah pasir dari Kali Gendol dan batu pecah dari Clereng dengan ukuran maksimal 40 mm, faktor air semen 0,48, bahan tambah yang digunakan adalah pecahan genteng dengan prosentase penambahan 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% terhadap agregat kasar. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah kuat tekan dengan menggunakan cetakan silinder dengan ukuran diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm, dan kuat lentur dengan cetakan balok dengan ukuran 15 x 15 x 60 cm. Pengujian dilakukan pada beton umur 28 hari. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa kuat tekan beton maksimal terjadi pada penambahan pecahan genteng 25% dengan nilai 67,31% dari kuat tekan beton normal sedangkan kuat lentur maksimal terjadi pada penambahan pecahan genteng 75% dengan nilai 93,12% dari kuat lentur beton normal. Berat jenis beton pada penambahan pecahan genteng 75% adalah 1.977 kg/m3 sehingga dapat dikatagorikan sebagai beton ringan.
An analysis of students' attitude toward electoral politics in 2018 general elections: A case Study of Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad
Authors: Mahsud Noor Hamid Khan , Wasai  , Hussain Munawar
Published: June 2021

This paper seeks to investigate educated youth's attitudes toward electoral politics in general, and the 2018 general elections, in particular. For this purpose, the researchers conducted a case study of Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad (QAU). One of the major objectives of this study was to ascertain educated youth's general attitude toward electoral politics and know whether there exist any variations in the thinking of students with diverse ethnic, social, and academic backgrounds. The author also wanted to find possible explanations for any such variations. Therefore, the paper first presents overall findings of the study and then analyses the responses on the basis of respondents' gender, their disciplines, and ethnic identity. For better results, the researchers used mixed research method. He first collected quantitative data through a survey and then interviewed different people to find possible explanations for the findings. The study found that there are great variations in the thinking of students belonging to different provinces/administrative units, academic disciplines, and genders. The findings necessitate comprehensive reforms in the electoral system.
Impact of inter-city population mobility and public transportation policies on infectious epidemics
Authors:   Tongji University, Li Yunna
Published: June 2021

This study takes the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020 as the research object, and obtains the population outflow data of Wuhan from January 1 to February 1, 2020 based on the Baidu Migration Big Data system, and compares the data on the number of epidemics in each city published on the official website, studies the relevance of population movement between cities and epidemic infection, and analyzes the role of policy-oriented epidemic control by controlling public transportation during special periods of infectious diseases. The results show that the spread of the infectious epidemic between cities in the early outbreak stage is strongly correlated with the population outflow from the source city of the infection. After the traffic connection is cut off in the later stage, it is more related to crowd gathering and prevention and control measures; During the special epidemic period, we should not blindly advocate the “public transportation priority” policy. We should distinguish between passenger and freight transportation, formulate rough rules at the inter-regional and intra-city traffic levels, and specify corresponding safeguards under the framework of the “Healthy City”.
Research on healthy urban resilience public space planning
Authors:   School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Ge Yihui , Kang Xia ,   School of Architecture and Urban Planning
Published: June 2021

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 in early 2020, cities in China and even around the world have encountered great challenges, placing higher demands on urban governance and urban resilience, and the creation of healthy urban resilience public spaces is imminent. As an important stage of life for urban residents, urban public space is a complex manifestation of urban functions and an indispensable link in strengthening the city's resilience. In this paper, through the analysis of the connotation of urban resilience and related research at home and abroad, we further interpret the connotation and characteristics of urban public space resilience, and build a model of urban public space resilience based on the timeline of disasters. 1. Optimize the structure of public space and create a resilient spatial pattern; 2. Improve the infrastructure of public space and reserve emergency sites during disasters to use urban land flexibly; 3. Adjust the internal and external transportation system of public space to create healthy and green transportation; 4. Optimize the city Ventilated corridors to improve the resilience of the public space environment; 5. Make full use of the intelligent analysis of the GIS platform to improve the ecological disaster prevention capabilities of public spaces.
Post-Soviet Street patterns. Measuring urban connectivity in the largest Russian cities
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Saveleva Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

The study is dedicated to the analysis of the street patterns, formed during the Soviet and postSoviet periods, in the largest Russian cities and involves examining the configuration of street network, measuring its specific features and exploring their interrelation, accomplished by using the GIS tools and statistical methods.