bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work motivation and job satisfaction among health workers at primary health facilities: a cross-sectional study from Nepal
Authors: Khanal Pratik , Choulagai Bishnu P , Acharya Pawan , Onta Sharad
Published: May 2020

BackgroundWork motivation and job satisfaction are linked with the performance and retention of health workforce. Primary health facilities, mostly comprising mid-level health workers, serve the majority of the population in Nepal. The aim of the study was to assess the determinants of job satisfaction in relation to socio-demographics, job characteristics and work motivation status among health workers working in primary health facilities. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Jhapa district in Eastern Nepal covering 40 primary health facilities. The data collection involved 151 self-administered questionnaire interviews and 16 in-depth interviews with health workers. Mean differences in work motivation among those satisfied and unsatisfied with their job was examined using t tests. Logistic regression with 95% confidence interval at p<0.05 was used for identifying associated factors with job satisfaction. Thematic analysis was done to analyze qualitative data. ResultsAmong the study participants, 78.2% were either auxiliary health workers or auxiliary nurse midwives. The median employment period of health workers was 174 months. On the 5-point Likert scale, the mean score of work motivation was highest for team work (3.99) and lowest for financial motivation (2.21). Higher age of health workers and satisfaction with career development, and financial motivation were significantly associated with job satisfaction. The qualitative findings also revealed that the majority of the health workers were not satisfied with the existing career development opportunities, availability of resources in health facility, or financial motivation. ConclusionSatisfaction with career development and financial motivation significantly increased job satisfaction among health workers. Resource availability in health facility, recognition of work and management support affected work motivation and job satisfaction of health workers. A focus on improving work environment through increased financial motivation and career development opportunities as well as investing in primary health facilities with increased resource support is recommended to improve job satisfaction.
The Influence of Animal Glue on Mechanical Properties of Painting Canvases
Authors: Duggan Hannah , Strlic Matija , Grau-Bove Josep
Published: May 2020

Glues derived from animal products have been used in the preparation and conservation of painting canvas for hundreds of years. However, it is not clear how exactly these adhesives contribute to the mechanical strength of a canvas and how this contribution changes with time. This comparative study looks at the effect of age, thickness, and type of animal glue on the mechanical reinforcement the glues provide to canvas. Isinglass, rabbit skin, bovine hide and bone glue are compared. The mechanical strength of the canvas and glue system have been measured with a tensile test. The influence of glue on the tensile response of canvas has been observed in the slope of the initial region of the stress-strain curve for these samples. This region has been identified as the initial load-bearing region which corresponds to the glue coating. The major contributing factor to change mechanical reinforcement of canvas is found to be the degradation of the glue, however the type of glue used plays a small role as does the thickness of the glue applied.
Association Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Chinese: The Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Cao Xue , Tang Zhe , Zhang Jie , Li Haibin , Singh Manjot , Sun Fei , Li Xiaochun , Li Changwei , Wang Youxin , Guo Xiuhua , Zheng Deqiang
Published: May 2020

Background: Contradictory conclusions of association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were reported in different populations. This study aimed to clarify the effect of HDL-C on the risk of T2DM incidence using a cohort lasting for 25-year follow-up.Methods: This study included 1462 community residents aged 55 or above, excluding subjects with diabetes at baseline. Incident cases of T2DM were ascertained by self-reported T2DM or fasting plasma glucose testing. The data were collected in nine surveys held between the years 1992 to 2017. Cox regression and the Fine-Gray model were applied to evaluate the relationship between HDL-C levels and the risk of T2DM incidence.Results: 120 participants developed new diabetes during follow-up period. There was a significant negative association between HDL-C levels and the risk of newly on-set T2DM. The incidences of T2DM decreased with the increasing quartile ranges of HDL-C levels, which were 12.60, 9.70, 5.38 and 5.22 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were 0.78 (0.50-1.23), 0.51 (0.29-0.90) and 0.47 (0.26-0.84) for subjects with baseline HDL-C levels in ranges of 1.15-1.39, 1.40-1.69 and ≥ 1.70 mmol/L, compared with ones in the range of < 1.15 mmol/L. Similar decreased HRs of T2DM for elevated HDL-C levels were observed in time-dependent Cox regression and other sensitivity analyses.Conclusion: Higher HDL-C levels were independently related to the lower risk of the newly-onset T2DM among the elderly in China.
Factors Influencing Unintended Pregnancies among Childbearing Age Women in Indonesia
Authors: Laksono Agung Dwi , Wulandari Ratna Dwi
Published: May 2020

Background: Unintended pregnancy can cause pregnancy termination, which leads to safety risks. The purpose of the study was to analyze the factors that influence unintended pregnancies in Indonesia.Methods: The analysis unit was women aged 15-49 years old who gave birth to the last 5 years. The sample size was 36,472 women. In addition to unintended pregnancy as the dependent variable, other variables analyzed were the place of residence, age, education, husband/partner, employment, wealth, parity, pregnancy termination, the person deciding woman's access to health care, heard about family planning messages on radio, television, and newspaper/magazines. The final stage analysis uses binary logistic regression.Results: Women in urban areas were 1.834 times more likely than women in rural areas to experience an unintended pregnancy. The 20-24 age group was 0.202 times more than the 15-19, while the 45-49 was 1.916 times compared to the 15-19 to experience an unintended pregnancy. Secondary education women were 1.447 times more likely than no education women, while the poorer women were 1.190 times more likely than the poorest women to experience an unintended pregnancy. Parity was found to be a strong determinant of unintended pregnancy. History of pregnancy, decision making by husbandpartner, and heard about family planning messages on radio and television in the last few months are risk factors for unintended pregnancy.Conclusions: Eight variables affect unintended pregnancy, namely age, education, wealth, parity, pregnancy termination, the person deciding woman's access to health care, and heard about family planning messages on radio and television.
High neutrophil, low lymphocyte and hemoglobin unfavorably impact survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases
Authors: Li Wang , Qu Yanli , Wen Fengyun , He Xiaoyi , Jia Hongying , Liu Hangyu , Yu Hong
Published: May 2020

Background

Brain metastases (BM) from NSCLC has emerged as an increasingly corresponding clinical problem. Precise prognostic evaluation is the basis for personalized medicine. This study sought to investigate prognostic values of clinical and hematological indicators for NSCLC patients with BM in the real world, which could further help guide survivorship care in the actual clinical setting and clinical trials.
Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and hematological indicators of NSCLC patients with BM treated with whole-brain radiotherapy. Receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to evaluate the optimal cut-off point. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate survival.
Results

105 patients were included and median survival was 21 months (range: 1–64 months). Univariate analyses demonstrated that favorable survival was associated with resection history of NSCLC (P = 0.015), absent of intracranial symptom (P = 0.044), lymphocyte ≥ 1.54*109/L(P < 0.001), neutrophil < 4.64*109/L (P = 0.016), hemoglobin ≥ 117.5 g/L (P < 0.001), BSBM scores of 2–3 (P = 0.033) and Lung-molGPA scores of 2.5-4 (P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that lymphocyte (HR 3.390, 95% CI 1.869–6.151, P < 0.001), neutrophil (HR 0.517, 95% CI 0.286–0.934, P = 0.029), hemoglobin (HR 3.215, 95% CI 1.748–5.911, P < 0.001), resection history of NSCLC(HR 2.813, 95% CI 1.375–5.754, P = 0.005), intracranial symptom(HR 0.251, 95% CI 0.113–0.561, P = 0.001), and Lung-molGPA(HR 2.317, 95% CI 1.186–4.527, P = 0.014) were independent prognostic factors for NSCLC patients with BM.
Conclusions

High neutrophil, low lymphocyte and hemoglobin, absent of resection history of NSCLC, present of intracranial symptom, and Lung-molGPA scores of 0–2 may provide valuable information for indicating poor prognosis in NSCLC patients with BM .
Development and validation of a survival model based on autophagy-associated genes for predicting prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Wanli , Niu Liaoran , Zhao Xinhui , Duan Lili , Li Yiding , Wang Xiaoqian , Zhang Yujie , Zhou Wei , Liu Jinqiang , Zhao Qingchuan , Han Yu , Fan Daiming , Hong Liu
Published: May 2020

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the devastating tumors with increasing incidence. Autophagy-associated genes (ARGs) are widely participated in the cellular processes of HCC. This study proposed to identify the novel prognostic gene signature based on ARGs in HCC. Methods: We downloaded the RNA sequencing data and clinical information of HCC and normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differentially expressed ARGs were screened by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted to explore the biological implications and mechanisms of ARGs in HCC. Cox regression analysis and Lasso regression analysis were performed to screen the ARGs which related to overall survival (OS). The OS-related ARGs were then used to establish a prognostic prediction model. Kaplan-Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were both applied to evaluate the accuracy of the model. GSE14520 dataset was downloaded as the testing cohort to validate the prognostic risk model in TCGA. A nomogram based on the clinical features and risk signature was established to predict the 3-year and 5-year survival rate of HCC patients. Results: Totally 27 differentially expressed ARGs were screened in this study. Then, 3 OS-related ARGs (SQSTM1, HSPB8, and BIRC5) were identified via the Cox regression and Lasso regression analyses. Based on these 3 ARGs, a prognostic prediction model was constructed. HCC patients in high-risk group presented poorer prognosis than those with low risk score in TCGA cohort (3-year OS, 53.7% vs 70.2%; 5-year OS, 42.0 % vs 55.2%; P=4.478e-04) and in the testing group (3-year OS, 57.7% vs 73.5%; 5-year OS, 43.2% vs 63.0%; P=1.274e-03). The risk score curve showed a well feasibility in predicting the patients’ survival both in TCGA and GEO cohort with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.756 and 0.672, respectively. Besides, the calibration curves and C-index indicated that the clinical nomogram performs well to predict the 3-year and 5-year survival rate in HCC patients. Conclusions: The survival model based on the ARGs may be a promising tool to predict the prognosis in HCC patients.
The High Expression of CD276/HAVCR2 and CD163 is an Adverse Immune Subtype of Glioblastoma and is Closely Related to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Hou Xiaohong , Zhou Guiyin , Fan Yinchun , Zhang Qiang , Xiang Chengming , Cao Fang , Yao Shengtao
Published: May 2020

Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant tumors that can afflict the central nervous system. Previous studies have observed that there are individual differences in the treatment response of immune checkpoint inhibitors in glioblastoma. This study’s aim is to ascertain the factors that may affect the efficacy of immunosuppressant therapy. Methods The clinical data of this study were obtained from a public database. Then, the data was analyzed and processed by R software and corresponding R package. To verify the results of the analysis, information was gathered from 89 GBM patients in our hospital and thereafter the corresponding paraffin sections were stained and quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results From the analysis, it was observed that both CD276 and HAVCR2 were significantly overexpressed in GBM and could be associated with patient prognosis. The analysis of single cell RNA sequencing data and GBM data analysis found an immune subtype with poor prognosis. Further analysis found that the high expression of CD276, HAVCR2 and CD163 was closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and could affect the patient prognosis of PD-L1 high expression. GSVA enrichment analysis showed that CD276, HAVCR2 and CD163 might induce EMT by JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway, and RUNX1 and IKZF1 might be transcription factors that regulate CD276/HAVCR2 high expression. Conclusions We found an immune subtype with poor prognosis of GBM, the high expression of CD276, HAVCR2 and CD163 with EMT are closely related and may be one of the factors affecting the efficacy of Anti-PD-L1.
HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing Uptake and Associated Factors among Sexually Active Men in Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2016 EDHS Using Multilevel Modeling
Authors: Dadi Teshome Kabeta , Feyasa Merga Belina , Gebre Mamo Nigatu
Published: May 2020

Background HIV counselling affirms that people exercise their right to known their HIV status and open the gateway to care, treatment, and support for a person in need. Existing evidence shows that its counselling and testing uptake among sexually active males in Ethiopia is too low and hence this study aims to determine the status of uptake and identify its determinants. Method Data on 12, 688 sexually active men was extracted from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Multilevel logistic regression was fitted to identify the factors associated with the uptake. Result This study depicted that the overall voluntary counseling and testing of HIV uptake among sexually active men in Ethiopia was 45.69%; 95% CI [43.08%, 48.33%]. Results showed that about 13% of the variation in the likelihood of being tested for HIV was due to the variation among the regions. Moreover, age, religion, education, occupational, marital status, HIV knowledge, health insurance, wealth status, risky sexual behavior, discussion about family planning with health workers, owning of mobile, frequency of watching television and listening to the radio were significant factors. Conclusion Voluntary counseling and testing uptake among sexually active men in Ethiopia is low and varies across the regions. The level of HIV knowledge, having risky sexual behavior, health insurance, and media were some of the significant factors. Therefore, giving due consideration to these factors worth boosting voluntary HIV counseling and testing uptake, which is an integral component of the strategies to efficiently prevent and control the disease.
Chemokine Receptor Inhibitor vMIP-II Promoting Lymphocytes in COVID-19 Patients and Its Related Mechanism In Vitro
Authors: Li Shiyu , Wang Yuzhe , Feng Lixia , Jiang Zhenyou , Cong Feng , Chen Youyu , Dai Zhenning , Liu Shuting , Zhu Shitao , Fei Zhengbin , Xu Yichao , Mo Xuemei , Shi Shanshan , Zheng Xiao , Xu Anding , Gao Yong , Huang Wenhua , Zhang Nuofu , Sun Hanxiao
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) accompanies severe immune injury as well as a decrease and overactivation of T lymphocytes. We observed that vMIP-Ⅱ, a broad-spectrum chemokine receptor inhibitor, could improve the lymphocyte decrease of COVID-19. Comparisons of T cell populations in PBMCs showed that the effects of vMIP-II on the subsets of T cells and cytokine secretion stimulated by SARS-CoV-2 S protein were the same as those in the asymptomatic infection group: the proportion of CD8+TCM cells in the vMIP-II treatment and asymptomatic groups was significantly higher than that in the symptomatic control group. Differential gene expression of effector CD8+ T cells suggested that vMIP-II inhibits multiple chemokine receptors and related signal pathway and strengthens their stem proliferating capacity. Thus, vMIP-II reconstitutes cellular immunity lost due to acute infection of SARS-CoV-2 by modulating effector CD8+ T cells to produce more TCM cells.
Developing and Writing Scientific Articles
Authors: Smith D. T. , Scifres C. J.
Published: May 2020

Justification and suggestions for developing scientific and technical manuscripts are presented. General and specific ideas in preparing data, writing specific sections, and reviewing potential publications are outlined in a sequential manner, primarily for use by graduate students and aspiring authors. Helpful references and aids for writers are cited.
Effective Teacher Evaluation
Authors: Foth Henry D.
Published: May 2020

A voluminous literature supports the view that students are reliable evaluators of teachers. Peers and administrators tend to be unreliable evaluators of teachers. Peers and administrators tend to disagree on rankings of teachers because they use different criteria for evaluation and tend to rank highest those teachers whose value system correlates with their own. There is a growing interest in evaluating teachers by measuring student learning. Evaluation of teachers by measuring student learning requires criterion‐referenced tests that measure total learning rather than learning relative to other students. A combination of student evaluation and measurement of student learning offer a good basis for effective teacher evaluation.
Light Interception Efficiency Measurements
Authors: Wolf D. D. , Carson E. , Brown R. H.
Published: May 2020

Light interception efficiency of leaves with widely different display patterns is measured in this exercise. An extinction coefficient (k) is used to study differences among species in their light interception characteristics. A grass represents an inefficient light intercepting canopy, while a legume stand represents a relatively efficient light‐intercepting canopy.
Students Can be Motivated
Authors: Scholtes W. H.
Published: May 2020

A study was conducted with freshman level versus senior level courses to determine what factors stimulated student motivation. Relevancy, interest in the subject, grades, and performance of the instructor were found to be most important. University‐wide course‐instructor ratings of 589 courses demonstrated that specific instructor attributes were primarily correlated with student satisfaction levels of both course and instructor.
A Model for Derivation and Organization of Courses
Authors: Gardner F. P.
Published: May 2020

A model is proposed for derivation and organization of courses in a disciplinary body of knowledge, viz. crop science and soil science. The model provides the opportunity for exposure to concepts in an orderly manner but limits the opportunity for fragmentation, splintering, or duplication of courses. The model first recognizes a comprehensive, conceptual introductory or survey course as the keystone to the system. Other courses are derived by the expansion of the major units of instruction in the introductory course except for correlation or comprehensive summary courses in the senior year. The model allows for unity and specialization in the curriculum. An application of this model has been made at Western Illinois University in agriculture and other disciplines in the College of Applied Sciences, resulting in significant reduction of course offerings in some areas. Use of the model can increase curricula content and effectiveness and provide a rational basis for course development decisions.
The Learning Environment‐A Dean's View
Authors: Bertrand A. R.
Published: May 2020

The environment in which professors and students in colleges of agriculture work and learn consists of three major components: (i) the physical environment; (ii) the sociological environment; and (iii) the intellectual environment. All three components are important, but the intellectual and sociological environments are of greater importance than the physical. Effective teaching and permanent learning can and often do occur under less‐than‐ideal physical conditions. The physical environment in colleges of agriculture must include classrooms and laboratories with sufficient equipment for demonstration and practice by teachers and students. The sociological and the intellectual environments are largely a function of attitudes and actions. The ideal social situation for learning will be characterized by humanness. A spirit of friendly helpfulness and concern for all members of the immediate group must permeate an effective group learning situation. The intellectual environment must be created and maintained by the instructor. The instructor must have knowledge of the subject and be intellectually astute and concerned about creating in his students an intellectual curiosity that will continue beyond the classroom.
Water quality evaluation based on the water quality index method in Honghu Lake: one of the largest shallow lakes in the Yangtze River Economic Zone
Authors: Chen Libin , Tian Zhuo , Zou Kaipeng
Published: May 2020

Honghu Lake is the largest lake-type wetland in Hubei Province, China. It is also one of the largest shallow lakes in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, a key area in the relatively more developed southeast of China. However, the water quality has seen a deterioration tendency in recent decades, mostly owing to unreasonable human activities such as lake enclosure aquaculture following rapid social and economic development. Based on the water quality index (WQI) method, the water quality of Honghu Lake, by the vast amount of data collected from five observation sites monitored over ten years, was analyzed and evaluated. The results show that: (i) the water quality of Honghu Lake is in the ‘General’ grade as a whole with a WQI value of 43.41 ± 6.66; (ii) the water quality has been improving in the recent two years, reversing its decade-long deterioration; (iii) the water quality sampled at the Lantian site is the worst while that of the Guandun site is the best; (iv) the concentration of Pb and Cd are the key parameters to determine the water quality of Honghu Lake. Therefore, it can be concluded that more attention should be paid to investigate heavy metals in Honghu Lake in the future.
How does water-saving service contribute to the sustainability of supply chain? A game-theoretical modelling study
Authors: Chen Zhisong , Chen Feng , Yu Rong , Peng Jianhui
Published: May 2020

Currently, water-saving service (WSS) providers are devoted to providing high-water-consumption (HWC) supply chains with comprehensive water-saving solutions. In this context, the decentralized and cooperative decision models for HWC supply chain under the benchmark scenario without WSS, and the decentralized, hybrid and cooperative decision models for the three-tier WSS supply chain under the scenario with WSS are developed and analyzed, the corresponding numerical and sensitivity analyses for all models are conducted and compared, and finally, the managerial insights are summarized. The research results indicate that: (1) introducing WSS could effectively increase the profits, social welfare and consumer surplus for the HWC supply chain; (2) a cooperative strategy could effectively increase the profits, social welfare and consumer surplus and is the best strategy for the three-tier WSS supply chain; (3) the hybrid strategy (partial cooperative strategy) could effectively increase the profits, social welfare and consumer surplus and is the second-best strategy for the three-tier WSS supply chain; (4) reducing the costs of water saving could effectively enhance water consumption reduction, increase the profits, social welfare and consumer surplus for the three-tier WSS supply chain.
Preparation and Evaluation of ‘3 Cap’ Pulsatile Drug Delivery System of Ramipril
Authors: Kriplani Priyanka , Pathak Kamla , Philip Anil
Published: May 2020

Background:

Chronotherapeutics, the drug delivery based on circadian rhythm, is recently
gaining much attention worldwide. Various diseases like asthma, hypertension, and arthritis show the
circadian variation that demands time scheduled drug release for effective drug action. Therefore, the
pulsatile drug delivery system has been designed to confer preprogrammed drug delivery.

Objective:

In the present study, a ‘3 Cap’ pulsatile drug delivery system has been developed, optimized,
and characterized in order to achieve the floating and pulsatile release of ramipril.

Methods:

An optimal response surface design was employed to investigate the effect of
isopropanol: formaldehyde vapours for varying time on drug release from the capsules. ‘3
Cap’ pulsatile drug delivery system was evaluated in terms of floating time, density, effect of
gastric flow rate and type of dissolution apparatus on drug release.

Results:

Independent variables exhibited significant effect on the drug release of the prepared
formulations. Results showed that time between the release of fractions of dose increased
with increase in formaldehyde: isopropanol ratio and duration of exposure to formaldehyde
vapours with no effect of gastric flow rate.

Conclusion:

: The results of the designed system revealed that an optimum exposure of 1:2 of isopropanol:
formaldehyde vapors for sixty minutes resulted in the desired release of second pulse of dose
after a predetermined lag time of 5 hours as desired. ‘3Cap’ system was successful in achieving floating
and pulsed release of hypertensive drug opening a ‘new lease of life’ to the existing drug molecule.
Orthodontic Management of a Mandibular Double-tooth Incisor: A Case Report
Authors: Marra Paola Martina , Nucci Ludovica , Femiano Luigi , Grassia Vincenzo , Nastri Livia , Perillo Letizia
Published: May 2020

The presence of a double-tooth requires specific complex management due to the need for differential diagnosis and following treatment choices. The aim of this report was to present a rare case of a geminated mandibular lateral incisor, treated with an orthodontic approach.

A Caucasian 10.9-year-old girl presented a lower right double-tooth incisor, with a class 1 molar and a class 2 cuspid tendency on both sides. The upper arch was constricted as shown by bilaterally tendencies to cross-bite, a slightly lower midline deviation was reported and a lack of space for all four permanent cuspids was confirmed also by the panoramic X-ray.

In the lower arch, there was a severe crowding of about 14 mm and a buccally ectopic left canine. Overbite was normal and Overjet minimally increased.

The double-tooth was identified like a geminated tooth, for the presence of one root and one pulp canal of increased size, as shown by the radiographic examinations.

The anomalous tooth was managed with an orthodontic approach associated with a progressive stripping to reshape the crown. A two-phase treatment plan was performed, based on first maxillary expansion and lip bumper and then fixed appliances, in order to achieve a proper occlusion and a better aesthetic.
Behavior of High-Strength Self-Consolidated Reinforced Concrete T-Deep Beams
Authors: Kamonna Hayder H. H. , Shakir Qasim M. , Al-Tameemi Haider A.
Published: May 2020

Background:

When a beam is loaded on two opposite faces and the beam’s depth is increased such that either the span-to-depth ratio is smaller than four or the shear-span-to-depth ratio is less than two, it will behave like a deep beam. Strain distribution in deep beams is different from that of ordinary beams because it is nonlinear along with the beam depth. If the beam is cast monolithically with a slab in the slab–beam system, it is considered a T-deep beam. The behavior of the resulting member is more complicated.

Objective:

The effect of flange width on the behavior of high-strength self-consolidated reinforced concrete T-deep beams was investigated.

Methods:

Experimental and numerical studies were conducted. Two shear span-to-depth ratios (1.25 and 0.85) were adopted for two groups. Each group consisted of four specimens: one rectangular beam that served as a reference beam and three flanged beams with flange widths of 440, 660 and 880 mm. All specimens had an overall depth of 450 mm, a width of 160 mm and a total length of 1600 mm. The tests were performed under a two-point load with a clear span of 1400 mm. A nonlinear analysis was also performed using ANSYS software.

Results:

Throughout the study, the performance of the T-deep beams has been investigated in terms of cracking loads, failure loads, modes of failure, loading history, rate of widening of cracks and ductility index. Results revealed that such parameters have a different ranges of effect on the response of T-deep beams. Calibration of the ANSYS model has been done by comparing results of load-deflection curves, cracking and failure loads with that obtained experimentally.

Conclusion:

The study’s results indicated that increasing the flange width yielded an 88% improvement in the failure load and an approximately 68% improvement in the cracking load. This positive effect of flange width on the failure load was more pronounced in beams with higher shear span to- depth ratios and flange widths of 660 mm. In addition, the beam’s ductility was improved, especially in cases corresponding to a higher shear span-to-depth ratio.

The finite element simulation showed good validation in terms of the load-deflection curve with a maximum failure load difference of 9%. In addition, the influence of longitudinal steel reinforcement on the behavior of such members was studied. Some parameters that reflect the effect of changing the flange width on the behavior of deep beams were also presented. Increasing the flange width is more effective when using normal strength concrete than when using high-strength concrete in terms of cracking load, beam stiffness, and failure load.
Development and Implementation of a Clinical Dental Faculty Evaluation Instrument
Authors: Jeong Y. Natalie , Natto Zuhair S. , Marks Mary‐Ellen , Karimbux Nadeem
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to develop and test the reliability of an instrument to evaluate the quality of clinical teaching among dental school faculty. Fourth‐year dental students’ perspectives on effective clinical teaching were first collected in focus group meetings. An 11‐item questionnaire to assess seven domains of clinical teaching was developed based on the collected student perspectives and a medical model. All 374 third‐ and fourth‐year dental students at one U.S. dental school in 2015 were invited to evaluate four clinical instructors whom they felt were strong role models and four clinical instructors whom they felt would benefit from constructive criticism. The survey was completed by 139 students (37.2% response rate); they evaluated 96 dental instructors. The results showed that the survey demonstrated strong internal reliability, with Cronbach's alpha values of >0.95 for each of the seven domains. In addition, there was significant agreement between groups: the interclass correlation (ICC) ranged from 0.97 to 0.99. These results suggest that the clinical faculty evaluation instrument developed in this study is a reliable method that can be used to evaluate dental faculty members. This system can be a valuable guide for clinical faculty members and administrators in assessing and improving clinical teaching effectiveness.
Developing an Open Access, Competency‐Based Global Oral Health Curriculum: A Global Health Starter Kit
Authors: Lambert R. Frederick , Yu Amy , Simon Lisa , Cho Janice G. , Barrow Jane , Seymour Brittany
Published: May 2020

Dental education has seen increases in global health and international educational experiences in many dental schools’ curricula. In response, the Consortium of Universities for Global Health's Global Oral Health Interest Group aims to develop readily available, open access resources for competency‐based global oral health teaching and learning. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a Global Health Starter Kit (GHSK), an interdisciplinary, competency‐based, open access curriculum for dental faculty members who wish to teach global oral health in their courses. Phase I (2012‐17) evaluated longitudinal outcomes from two Harvard School of Dental Medicine pilot global health courses with 32 advanced and 34 predoctoral dental students. In Phase II (2018), the Phase I outcomes informed development, implementation, and evaluation of the open access GHSK (45 enrollees) written by an interdisciplinary, international team of 13 content experts and consisting of five modules: Global Trends, Global Goals, Back to Basics: Primary Care, Social Determinants and Risks, and Ethics and Sustainability. In Phase III (summer and fall 2018), five additional pilot institutions (two U.S. dental schools, one U.S. dental hygiene program, and two dental schools in low‐ and middle‐income countries) participated in an early adoption of the GHSK curriculum. The increase in perceived knowledge scores of students enrolled in the pilot global health courses was similar to those enrolled in the GHSK, suggesting the kit educated students as well or better in nearly all categories than prior course materials. This study found the GHSK led to improvements in learning in the short term and may also contribute to long‐term career planning and decision making by providing competency‐based global health education.
Assessment of Teeth Prepared by Senior Dental Students for CAD/CAM Restorations
Authors: Sadid‐Zadeh Ramtin , DeLuca Joseph T. , Arany Hema , Li Rui
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate teeth prepared for computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorations by senior dental students using recently developed rubrics. The rubrics used evaluation criteria based on four factors: retention or resistance form; marginal or internal adaption or manufacturing process; biology, esthetics, or durability of restorative material; and intraoral scanner impression. In academic year 2018‐19, four faculty members used the rubrics to assess 111 first maxillary right premolars (tooth no. 4) prepared for lithium disilicate crowns and 223 second maxillary right premolars (tooth no. 5) and first maxillary right molars (tooth no. 3) prepared for monolithic zirconia partial fixed dental prostheses. The preparations had been performed on typodont teeth. The most common errors identified for tooth preparations were in the finish line quality (136 errors in 223 prostheses), a criterion that is crucial for quality CAD/CAM restorations. To prevent poorly fit CAD/CAM restoration preparations that result from an unacceptable finish line quality, students need to understand the rationale used to develop detailed rubrics and adhere to the defined critera.
Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Decision Making untuk Klasifikasi Potensi Kewirausahaan Berdasarkan Theory of Planned Behavior (Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Decision Making for Classifying Entrepreneurial Potential based on Theory of Planned Behavior)
Authors: Rijati Nova , Purwitasari Diana , Sumpeno Surya , Hery Purnomo Mauridhi
Published: May 2020

Indonesia government has launched a program to encourage youth entrepreneurship as a strategy to improve national economy. This paper proposes a method to find an entrepreneurial potential based on academic behavior features that are extracted from the Higher Education Database PDDikti. The proposed approach applies the Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Decision Making (FMADM) technique. Rules for extracting features of student academic behavior were following Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and resulting in 14 features. The FMADM model combines Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting and Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, which is called FSAW-TOPSIS. Friedman Test demonstrated that FSAW-TOPSIS gives more optimal solution with the highest Mean Rank of the potential entrepreneurial value of 2.96. Besides, through Hamming Distance Test, FSAW-TOPSIS results the best order with a 98% percentage and ranking of the smallest Squared Error of 0.3%, which makes the proposed model offered a better solution. It can be concluded that using TPB variables in PDDikti environment with FSAW-TOPSIS technique provides an optimal recommendation on student entrepreneurship potential, which can be used as a part of a decision-making system for higher education management.
Perancangan Jaringan Fiber to the Home (FTTH) pada Perumahan di Daerah Urban (Fiber to the Home (FTTH) Network Design at Housing in Urban Areas)
Authors: Ridho Sahid , Nur Aulia Yusuf A’isya , Andra Syaniri , Nikken Sulastrie Sirin Dinari , Apriono Catur
Published: May 2020

The evolution of communication network comes from the need for users to stay connected anytime and anywhere. Modernization of the network continues to be done to increase bandwidth capacity in order to obtain an increase in multimedia services, especially in urban areas. Of various transmission media, optical fiber is the best choice to support reliable communication networks. One of the optical fiber communication technologies is Fiber to the Home (FTTH). This study proposes FTTH network design with Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology aimed at housing in urban areas. The design uses aerial and duct-aerial cabling systems. The design analysis is carried out based on the parameters of the link power budget, rise time, Bit Error Rate (BER), components and costs required. The value of the power budget link for the uplink and downlink are -22.792 dBm and -23.120 dBm. The rise time value for uplink and downlink are 0.256 ns and 0.258 ns, while the BER value is 14.628 x 10-12. The calculation results show that the design meets the required parameters, hence, the proposed network can be implemented. For the cost components required by the aerial system, it is 11.56% less than of the ductaerial sistem.
Perbandingan Real-Valued dan Complex Wavelet Transform pada Denoising Sinyal Fetal-Phonocardiograms (Comparison of Fetal-Phonocardiogram Signal Denoising based on Real- Valued and Complex Wavelet Transform)
Authors: Zulherman Dodi , Hendry Jans , Fuadina Adam Ipam
Published: May 2020

Monitoring of Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) in the pregnancy period commonly uses the Doppler-based instruments despite having several disadvantages, such as high-cost and complexity of the monitoring system. Implementation of the passive and non-invasive method based on fetal phonocardiogram (fPCG), the acoustic recording of fetus cardiac signal, can be used as a potentially economical long-term monitoring device for diagnosis. Because the interference signal from the maternal women exists, the matured denoising technique was needed to implement the fPCG method to diagnose the fetus' well-being condition. The denoising system based on Dual-tree Complex Wavelet Transforms (DTCWT) was proposed in this paper. The proposed method was evaluated using Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Based on the experiment result from 37 fPCG signals from physio.net, the DTCWT system performance was compared with the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). There were 24 CWT’s denoised fPCG signals that have successfully outperformed DWT’s SNR. DTCWT has also reduced the noises in the range of 30 Hz–80 Hz. Also, it emphasized the existence of dominant frequencies in the range of 60 Hz–65 Hz.
NovelTM Datasets for English-Language Fiction, 1700-2009
Authors: Underwood Ted , Kimutis Patrick , Witte Jessica
Published: May 2020

This report accompanies a collection of 210,305 volumes, predicted to be fiction, that researchers are encouraged to borrow for their own work. We divide the collection into seven subsets with different emphases (for instance, one where books written by men and women are represented equally, and one composed of only the most prominent and widely-held books). Comparing the pictures produced by these different subsets allows us to assess the resilience or fragility of recent quantitative arguments about literary history. Readers can also simply browse the report as a description of English-language fiction in HathiTrust Digital Library.
IDENTITETSKA PITANJA CRNE GORE
Authors: Subotic Momcilo
Published: May 2020

Autor u članku polazi od stava da aktuelna crnogorska vlastželi da, putem Zakona o slobodi veroispovesti, izvrši „objedinjavanje pravoslavne crkve u Crnoj Gori“, tako što će umesto Srpske pravoslavne crkve ustoličiti tzv. Crnogorsku pravoslavnu crkvu, što bi predstavljalo završni potez u zaokruživanju crnogorske državne nezavisnosti. To bi istovremeno značilo odricanje od srpskog istorijskog i etnojezičkog identiteta i uspostavljanje novog- crnogorskog, čije bi komponente bile:umesto srpskog, „dukljansko“- „crvenohrvatsko“ istorijsko poreklo, umesto SPC, novonastala „Crnogorska pravoslavna crkva, te preimenovani srpski jezik u – crnogorski.Pored pomenutog, ovaj članak, koji ima izrazit društveni i naučni značaj, sadrži i kratak pregled crnogorske istorije i „etnogeneze“, koja je novijeg datuma i kretala se od srpstva ka crnogorstvu, naročito u periodu druge Jugoslavije, za vreme Titove kroatokomunističke vladavine, zatim od crnogorstva ka antisrpstvu, u savremenom periodu crnogorske državne nezavisnosti pod vladavinom Mila Đukanovića, zatim crnogorsko priznanje „Kosova“, te ambivalentan odnos prema Rusiji i ulazak Crne Gore u NATO, kao i najnovije „događanje“ naroda i mogući politički epilog ovog procesa nagoveštene resrbizacije ekskluzivno crnogorskog identiteta. Kao važno, moguće i ključno, pitanje tiče se psihičkih svojstva i mentaliteta Crnogoraca, koji poseduju veoma izražen „konvertitski sindrom“. U radu je o tome konsultovana odgovarajuća literatura.
Genetic Variant Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Isolates in Thailand
Authors: Joob Beuy , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: May 2020

Dear Editor,
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARCoV2) is a new emerging coronavirus that causes COVID-19. COVID-19 is a pandemic and attacks more than 200 countries around the world. Within 4 months, more than millions of world populations are infected. Due to the rapid spreading, an important consideration in clinical microbiology is the possible genetic variation of the new virus1. Here, the authors would like to share observations from Thailand, the second country that the COVID-19 occurs in global pandemic timeline2.
Analisis Hubungan Sikap dan Pengetahuan Keluarga dengan Penerapan Program Indonesia Sehat dengan Pendekatan Keluarga
Authors: Putra Ifon Driposwana , Hasana Ulfa
Published: May 2020

The government has proclaimed Healthy Indonesia Program with Family Approach (PIS-PK), aiming to improve health level of its people; howeverthe implementation is far from satisfying and not equally distributed so that there is still a low degree of public health. This study aims to analyze the relationship between attitudes and family knowledge with the adoption of the Healthy Indonesia Program with a family approach in Pekanbaru. The type of research is descriptive correlation with cross sectional approach. The sample in this study was 100 families. The result of bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between family’s attitudes toward PIS-PK, with p value of 0.018. On the other hand, it also showed that there was no significant correlation between family’s knowledge toward PIS-PK, with p value only 0.159. It is hoped that this study can be used as leaning materials, references for health officers, as well as suggestions regarding the implementation of PIS-PK

Pemerintah telah membuat Program Indonesia Sehat melalui penedekatan keluarga (PIS-PK) dengan tujuan agar meningkatnya derajat kesehatan masyarakat, namun dalam penerapannya masih belum maksimal dan merata sehingga masih terdapat derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan sikap dan pengetahuan keluarga dengan penerapan Program Indonesia Sehat dengan pendekatan keluarga di Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian desktiptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 Keluarga. Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap keluarga dengan penerapan PIS-PKmdengan p value adalah 0,018. Didapatkan juga bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan keluarga dengan penerapan PIS-PK dengan nilai p value adalah 0,159. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan bahan ajar dan menjadi acuan oleh petugas kesehatan serta menjadi masukan untuk dalam penerapan PIS-PK
Kaleidoskop Menuju Seperempat Abad Pendidikan Keperawatan di Indonesia
Authors: Casman Casman , Ahadi Pradana Anung , Edianto Edianto , Abdul Rahman La Ode
Published: May 2020

A year left before nursing education in Indonesia was even a quarter century, but some issue is unclear nowadays, especially the development of nursing education. This article aims to describe the development of nursing in Indonesia, used education system perspective. Nararative literature review is the method chosen, by searching non-systematically on google scholar by using keywords “nursing education in Indonesia”. The results showed nursing education in Indonesia improvement, proved by 84 doctoral graduates and 9 professors in the field of nursing. However, there are need improvementin some area, such as how to call nurse using “ners”, because the word have no meaning in the dictionary and not all specialist education has been implemented. Based on existing data, it can be concluded that the word "ners" has not been registered as a word that has meaning indictionary, and 3 specialist programs do not yet exist in Indonesia, so it is expected that Ners must be made uniform calls agreed and implemented throughout Indonesia, this is the fundemental for being known society as a profession

Setahun tersisa sebelum pendidikan keperawatan di Indonesia genap berusia seperempat abad, namun masih banyak hal seputar pendidikan keperawatan yang belum tergambarkan terutama perkembangan pendidikan keperawatan. Artikel ini bertujuan memamparkan perkembangan keperawatan di Indonesia dalam perspektif sistem pendidikan yang dimiliki. Nararative literature review adalah metode yang dipilih, dengan cara mencari secara non sistematik di google scholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci pendidikan keperawatan di Indonesia. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan keperawatan di Indonesia berjalan menuju perbaikan, terbukti dengam adanya 84 lulusan doktoral dan dikukuhkannya 9 guru besar di bidang keperawatan. Namun, masih ada beberapa yang membutuhkan perbaikan yaitu belum seragamnya sebutan untuk perawat, disebabkan kata nres belum memiliki makna dalam kamus serta belum semua pendidikan spesialis terlaksana. Berdasarkan data yang ada, dapat disimpulkan kata “ners” belum terdaftar sebagai kata yang mempunyai arti dalam KBBI, dan 3 program spesialis belum ada di Indonesia, sehingga diharapkan Ners wajib dijadikan panggilan seragam yang disepakati dan dilaksanakan di seluruh Indonesia, ini merupakan dasar untuk dikenal masyarakat sebagai sebuah profesi