bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of Serum TNF-α in Acute Pancreatitis Patients and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Yang Wenrui
Published: January 2016

Objective: The aimed of this study is to investigate the changes in serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the patients with acute pancreatitis treated with octreotide and its clinical significance. Method: Total of 65 patients of acute pancreatitis were selected as a case study, in which 30 patients with mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and 35 severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients were treated with octreotide. 60 healthy subjects as control group and 65 case group was subjected to performed double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the serum levels of TNF-α. Results: The serum TNF-α level in the case group was (12.67 ± 3.45) pg/mL and the control group was (1.56 ± 0.57) pg/mL. Case group was significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). Serum level of acute pancreatitis (AP) before treatment was (8.96 ± 2.12) pg/mL. After treatment, SAP group was (17.34 + 4.56) pg/mL, MAP group was significantly lower than SAP group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The serum levels of TNF-α in patient with acute pancreatitis were significantly higher than those of normal healthy people, and their serum level was closely related to the severity of illness.
The Application Value of Optical Coherence Tomography in Primary Acute Angle Closure
Authors: Gao Li , Tang Xiaodong
Published: January 2016

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (APACG). Method: 52 eyes were chosen for OCT applications at different stages of APACG and compared with the normal control group. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) between the two groups was compared. Results: The average thickness of RNFL APACG was significantly thicker during the earlier phase of treatment and thinner after 6 months of treatment as compared to the normal control group. Conclusion: OCT can reflect the change in the thickness of glaucoma RNFL, and can provide more information for clinical early diagnosis of glaucoma and is a worthy application of the inspection method.
Treatment Experience of 16 Cases in Combined with Posterior Condylar Fractures Schatzker types II and III Tibial Plateau Fracture
Authors: Wang Yuwu , Lv Chengtang , Zhu Wenfeng , Shi Fengchao , Zhang Zhe
Published: January 2016

Objective: Exploring the treatment of combined posterior lateral approach with open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of combined fractures of the ankle on the treatment of tibial plateau fractures with Schatzker types II and III. Method: Between April 2012 and March 2015, 16 cases of Schatkzer types II and III tibial plateau fractures were treated with T or L type limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP). Results: All 16 cases were followed-up for 12 to 36 months, with an average of 18.3 months. According to the Merchant score, 10 cases were excellent, good in 4 cases, and in 2 cases, the excellent and good rating was 87.5%. Conclusion: After treatment, anatomical reduction and stability of the posterior condyle was emphasized, and there were early functional usage and recovery of the joint functions. At the same time, the external side of the incision can be used to restore the external and rear sides to avoid replacement of the body position and improve the operation efficiency.
Clinical Effect of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Treating Acute Cervicitis
Authors: Luo Chunxia
Published: January 2016

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in treating acute cervicitis. Methods: 81 cases of patients with acute cervicitis which were treated in our hospital from September 2013 to March 2015 were selected as research objects. According to the method of random sampling, the patients were divided to A group (Integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment), B group (Western medicine treatment) and C group (TCM treatment) with 27 cases in each group. Results: The treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine is much easier to get patients’ acceptance and affirmation. Besides that, the clinical effect of feedback is better than the single use of traditional Chinese medicine or western medicine treatment. Conclusion: The clinical effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of acute cervicitis is better than the use of traditional Chinese medicine or western medicine.
Analysis of the Effect of Dynamic Hip Screw and Anatomical Locking Plate
Authors: Ren Rong , Ren Ying , Ji Junhua
Published: January 2016

Objective: To analyze the effects of dynamic hip screw (DHS) and anatomical locking plate in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients. Method: 56 cases of intertrochanteric femur fracture from March 2009 to October 2011 were treated by surgical treatment. The cases were divided into A and B groups with A group treated with DHS and B group with anatomical locking plates. Results: Treatments of the two groups were successful. Operation time, bleeding volume, postoperative drainage, hospitalization time and fracture healing time of B group were significantly less than that of A group (p < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in B group was significantly less than that in the A group (p < 0.05). The excellent and good ratings of B group was 93.1% and 66.7% for the A group. The fine rating of B group was higher than that of A group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Anatomical locking plate internal fixation for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly has certain advantages.
182 Cases of Premature Rupture of Membranes and Treatment Strategy Analysis
Authors: Dai Wenxian
Published: January 2016

Objective: Related factors and treatment strategies of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) were discussed. Method: Retrospective analysis of 182 cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) from Yanshan County Hospital from January 2010 to October 2015. Results: From the 182 cases [123 vaginal delivery and 59 cesarean section (C-section)], there were 79.12% PROM cases were detected in the presence of risk factors. Neonatal mortality and complications were significantly higher at 28−33 + 6 weeks of pregnancy than those at 34−36 + 6 weeks, 28−33 + 6 weeks, and 34−36 + 6 weeks. Conclusion: In order to improve the survival rate of newborns, the related factors leading to PPROM should be treated.
Analysis of Power Electronics Technology and Reactive Compensation Technology of Power System
Authors: Yang Zengxiang , Yuan Kaipu
Published: January 2016

Rapid development of power electronics technology, successive emerging of new materials and new structural devices, and improvement of computer technology provide vigorous support for actual application of modern control technology. The researches on application of power electronics technology in power system become increasingly extensive and profound, thus enormously supporting and developing reactive compensation technology of power system. This article has discussed application and development of power electronics technology in power system, analyzed reactive power and harmonic wave in power system, briefly introduced the development and research of reactive compensation technology at home and abroad, intensively promoted the development and application of SVC device, and put forward a series of design solutions to lower avoidable energy loss of the whole power system. 
Analysis of the Clinical Chinese Medicine Nursing Countermeasures of Cervical Spondylosis
Authors: Peng Aiqiong
Published: January 2016

Objective: To explore the countermeasures and effects of the clinical Chinese medicine nursing of the cervical spondylosis. Method: The cervical spondylosis patients of arthralgia type as based on syndrome differentiation of Chinese medicine science are divided into two groups. The first group, which is the control group, is made up of 42 patients who are given routine nursing. Meanwhile, the second group which is the research group, is made up of 40 patients and are given integrated nursing. On the basis of the nursing as given to the control group, the research group is also given massage, fomentation, emotional nursing, diet nursing and functional exercise. The VDS scoring of the headache, neck pain and the tingling of the upper limbs of the two groups are compared after nursing. Result: The result of the research groups’ VDS scoring of the headache, neck pain and the tingling of the upper limbs of after nursing are obviously lower than those of the control group. After making the comparison between both groups, the data is proven to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). The integrated nursing given to 40 patients of the research group turns out to be effective and 3 patients of the research group recover with the total effective rate being 95%, which is much higher than that of the control group (76.2%) (p < 0.05). In addition, 38 of the patients of the research group feel satisfied with the nursing with the satisfaction rate being 95%，which is higher than that of the control group (61.9%) (p < 0.05). Conculsion: Integrating all kinds of nursing methods with emotional nursing and physiological nursing helps to cure cervical spondylosis and promotes recovery.
Effects of Nursing Intervention on Nursing Works in the Operation Room
Authors: Hu Haiqin
Published: January 2016

Objective: To explore the effects of applying nursing intervention on nursing works in the operation room. Method: 60 patients who received surgeries in our hospital from mid-January 2013 to January 2014 were selected and then divided into the research group and the control group. Each group made up of 30 patients by random assignment. The research group was given operation room nursing intervention and the control group was given the routine operation room nursing. Then, the cooperation and anxiety of the two groups were compared accordingly. Result: After nursing, the research group obviously felt less anxious than the control group. There were significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05); the operation room cooperation rate of the research group was significantly higher than that of the control group and significant differences can be found by comparing the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Giving nursing intervention to the surgery patients can effectively improve their cooperation and relieved their anxiety. Therefore, it is worth to be promoted widely in the clinical practice. 
Effect Assessment of Health Education on Nursing Staff for Medical Patients
Authors: Sun Sufang
Published: January 2016

Objective: To analyze the effect of health education on nursing for medical patients for clinical reference. Method: 180 cases of patients were adopted by our medical department during the time period from March 2013 to February 2014. They were divided into control group and observation group with 90 cases in each group. All the patients received conventional drug treatment and nursing intervention, and the observation group was given health education on this substructure. The distinctions between these patients’ emotional state and compliance were observed. Results: The two groups were compared by SAS scores and observation group was significantly lower than control group. The difference was statistically paramount (p < 0.05). As for the comparison of compliance between the groups, observation group was conspicuously better than the control group. The difference was statistically consequential (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Health education for medical patients can significantly amend the patients’ emotional state and their compliance behaviors, which is of positive clinical consequentiality in rehabilitation of medicine patients.
The Experience of Nursing Intervention for Cesarean Section Pregnancy
Authors: Huang Jianhua
Published: January 2016

Objective: To explore the effects of nursing care on the patients subjected to cesarean and during perioperative of uterine incision. Method: A total of 98 cases of early pregnancy after cesarean in our hospital, from December 2013 to December 2014, were analyzed retrospectively. Nursing care was provided throughout the perioperative period of patients, who subjected to uterine arterial chemotherapy, perfusion and embolization. Result: Early recoveries of patients were promoted through psychological care before and after the operation, diet adjustment, nursing care and health guidance. Conclusion: Nursing care is important for patients with early pregnancy, in term of interventional therapy as it enhances treatment effect and reduces complications. Based on the result, the success rate of operation is improved and the risk is reduced. Thus, it is worth for clinical application.
Analysis on Perioperative Nursing of Urological Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Peng Lingbo
Published: January 2016

Objective: To summarize the perioperative nursing experience of urological laparoscopic surgery. Method: Make retrospective summary and analysis of the 192 laparoscopic surgery cases treated in our department from March 2011 to May 2015.Result: Due to the close cooperation of the medical staff, the 192 patients recovered well and were all cured and discharged from hospital. Conclusion: Meticulous, careful and comprehensive perioperative nursing plays an important positive role in the early recovery of the patients.
Study of Nursing Countermeasure of Senile Oblique Inguinal Hernia Complication
Authors: Zhou Libi
Published: January 2016

Objective: To explore the nursing strategy of senile oblique inguinal hernia complication. Method: the postoperative observation, nursing and health guidance of 66 cases of senile oblique inguinal hernia complication patients’ hernia repair surgery were treated in our hospital from May 2014 to August 2015. Result: In this group, all patients’ incisions healed well and the patients recovered and left the hospital. Conclusion: the nursing work focuses on mental nursing, diet guide, disease observation and nursing for complication which can increase patients’ cure rate and living quality.
Post-operative Pain Assessment and Progress in Analgesia Nursing
Authors: Li Yaqian
Published: January 2016

Today, operation has become a common practice to treat a large number of diseases, but the pains caused by an operation leave dramatic effects on patients psychologically and physiologically. Hence, it is necessary to perform post-operative pain assessment and conduct necessary analgesia nursing for patients. In this research, the author, as a student, will analyze the generating mechanism for post-operative pain and the method of assessment, and give a brief summary of progress in analgesia nursing. It is expected that this brief summary can attract attention from the public and provide the feasible reference for related fields.
Analysis on Effects of Comprehensive Nursing Management on Control of Respiratory Infections and Nursing Quality
Authors: Liu Miaozhu
Published: January 2016

Objective: To observe and analyze infection control and nursing quality after performing comprehensive nursing management to patients of respiratory diseases. Methods: To conduct a retrospective clinical data analysis of 92 hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections, who were randomly divided into the study group (46 cases) and control group (46 cases). Both groups were given routine anti-infection treatments. Meanwhile, the study group received comprehensive nursing management, while the control group received routine infection nursing. The clinical effects of patients in the two groups were then compared. Results: There were 45 cases (7.83%) of effective clinical infection control in the study group, and 43 cases (93.48%) in the control group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups (p > 0.05). In terms of significant efficiency, there were 41 cases in the study group (89.13%) and 33 cases in the control group (71.74%) and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive management of respiratory infection in patients under respiratory medication not only controls the infection effectively, but improves nursing quality and clinical effects, and it plays an active role in infection control and nursing quality.
Stability of Soil Cutting and Side Slope Based on Stress Route Theory
Authors: Ji Zhaohong
Published: January 2016

The stress route analytical method compensates for the limitation of traditional soil slope stability analytical method. Since it disregards the impact of effective stress route on the stress status and anti-shear strength of soil slope, it maps out the soil stress route drawing in the excavation process, and marks the anti-shear strength and shear stress changes under various conditions of soil. It causes the changes of the safety coefficient rules in the excavation of soil slope and affects the excavation stability of soil cutting and side slope. The result reveals: (1) The main analytical method of side slope stability which covers both the limit balance method and finite unit method fails to consider the impact of effective stress route on the existing stress status and anti-shear strength of soil slope; the stress route analytical method is able to overcome this limitation to a certain degree. (2) The stress route theory is adopted for analysis, in which, it can projected the whole stress of typical and most dangerous area of the slope, able to analyse the anti-shear strength of soil in a real-time manner, manage to express the safety coefficient changes in the stress route drawing and provides a selection of a suitable excavation plan by contrast. (3) In the overall excavation, the slope toe suffers from obvious stress concentration which expands to the surrounding areas and inconvenient for the side slope stability in the excavation.
Study of Construction Techniques of Highways and Bridges on Soft Soil Foundation
Authors: Zheng Hainan
Published: January 2016

The quality of highways and bridges’ foundation construction influences the overall quality of the projects directly. The soft soil layer shall be investigated in advance during construction in order to analyse and identify the specific reinforcement and processing approaches. The cost, processed effects and safety issues shall be considered prior to reinforcement. Different reinforcement approaches can be used in order to save the cost and ensure the quality of soft soil foundation reinforcement. This paper discusses the preparation of soft soil foundation construction and the technology involved in the construction of highways and bridges on soft soil foundation. It is expected that the study could provide some references to professionals.  
Study of Digital Technology Application in Highway Measurement
Authors: Qiao Hua
Published: January 2016

The digital surveying and mapping technology is widely used in engineering survey. The digital surveying and mapping technology keeps updating and improving along with the progress of science and technology and creates more contributions in engineering survey. The survey staffs shall keep studying and expanding their knowledge to improve their professional capability to serve our country better in surveying area. The author studied the application of digital surveying and mapping technology in highway measurement along with years of experience. This article is an important source of reference.
Study of Rail Transit and Urban Spatial Structure Based on Urban Economics
Authors: Li Risheng
Published: January 2016

The spatial changes of utilization intensity of urban lands are decided by the dual substitute relation of transportation costs and rent’s substitute and elements substitute (producer) or consumption substitute (residence). The land use intensity affects the urban spatial form directly. This paper aims to study the relation between construction of rail transit and urban spatial form from the perspectives of urban economics, urban traffic conditions and spatial structure evolution. It takes the metropolitan areas of Tokyo and Singapore as sample cases to analyse the influence of urban development brought by the rail transit.
Construction Techniques of Road Water Discharge Pipes of Municipal Project
Authors: Yang Xia , Xu Chenglong
Published: January 2016

Municipal drainage ducts construction generally covers a wide land area within the rapid development of city, which apparently causes heavy traffic. In order to ensure the construction is in accordance to the time-frame the construction techniques of both quick and economy, civilization municipal drainage pipeline, and to reduce interference of the urban road, transport and environment of interference are important. The study focuses mainly on the municipal engineering aspect by investigating more on the construction technology of road drainage itself.
Study on Key Points of Steel Structure Construction Technology on High-Rise Building
Authors: Chen Chao
Published: January 2016

Study of steel structure construction technology on high-rise building was needed to strengthen, in order to improve the construction quality and safety of our building, ensure the normal operation of production and living of people. Therefore, the article will analyze the common technology in steel structure construction of high-rise building, and expect able to play a certain reference function.
Research on Architectural Design Thinking Innovation
Authors: Zou Guangyu
Published: January 2016

Architectural design thinking innovation is the innovative thinking activities of inside and outside area of building, in order to meet the daily life and entertainment needs. With the development of economy, people have increasingly high design requirements for the building, which requires designers to improve their innovative thinking and ability of aestheticism. It continually innovate and inspire talent during the building design, and combine the theory and actual situation, in order to develop the new realm of architectural design work. This paper will mainly analyze and discuss the architectural design innovation thinking.
Construction Quality Control Measures of Conversion Layers in Ultra High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Zhong Weifeng
Published: January 2016

Construction quality directly affect the structure safety of high-rise building. Especially the construction quality of the conversion layer in ultra high-rise buildings plays an important role for the overall quality of ultra high-rise buildings. This article mainly discusses and analyzes the key points, difficulties and quality control in construction of conversion layer, in order to better control the quality of conversion layers in ultra high-rise buildings and build better buildings.
GJIT December 2015 Referre Index
Authors: Karahoca Adem
Published: January 2016

GJIT December 2015 Referre Index
Mídia e fronteiras: primeiras discussões sobre a cartografia desses estudos no Brasil
Authors: Muller Karla Maria , Raddatz Vera Lúcia Spacil , Strassburger Tabita
Published: January 2016

O artigo apresenta as primeiras reflexões sobre o projeto Mídia e fronteiras: cartografia desses estudos no Brasil que tem por objetivo mapear as pesquisas realizadas no país sobre meios de comunicação e fronteiras nacionais. A proposta está calcada no avanço do interesse pelo tema e a produção científica resultante das análises realizadas por pesquisadores brasileiros sobre as práticas socioculturais dos fronteiriços e seus reflexos nos produtos midiáticos elaborados e colocados em circulação por veículos de comunicação local, sediados nesses espaços. O período de coleta do material está compreendido entre os anos de 2000 e 2015 e tem como foco teses e dissertações, defendidas em programas de pós-graduação ligados às Ciências da Comunicação. Portanto, alicerçamos metodologicamente este trabalho na pesquisa bibliográfica e nos primeiros resultados obtidos com o levantamento dos dados mapeados, apresentando uma breve discussão sobre a proposta de elaboração de uma cartografia centrada nos estudos de mídia e fronteiras.
Era uma vez o “país da alegria”: mídia, estados de ânimo e identidade nacional
Authors: Freire Filho João
Published: January 2016

A alegria se consolidou, a partir dos anos 1930, como um componente marcante da brasilidade, decantado em verso e prosa, enaltecido em relatos de viajantes saudosos e ressaltado em discursos políticos e publicitários. Trata-se de um elemento constitutivo da identidade, da imagem e da reputação da nossa nação. Escritores e jornalistas atuaram, de maneira decisiva, para notabilizar a visão estereotipada do Brasil como o “país da alegria”. Agora, sob o impacto de recentes inovações tecnológicas, transformações sociais e acontecimentos políticos, são eles também que ajudam a promover uma reconsideração da nossa autoimagem. O objetivo deste artigo é, justamente, examinar as mudanças nas narrativas sobre a cultura nacional e o caráter brasileiro. Destaco, em particular, nos discursos e nas representações que a sociedade brasileira vem produzindo a respeito de si mesma, o reconhecimento público da presença do ressentimento em nossa história, nossas relações sociais e nossa vida política.
A imagem simbólica na contemporaneidade
Authors: Contrera Malena Segura
Published: January 2016

O texto trata do atual estatuto da imagem simbólica na contemporaneidade, considerando o contexto da sociedade mediática e o apagamento das vivências corporais concretas. Questionando-se a respeito de qual a imagem que uma psique que dissociou o corpo pode gerar, a reflexão segue tratando do domínio do diabólico sobre o simbólico e apontando alguns sintomas dessa perda do sentido. Propõe ainda a possibilidade do resgate da imaginação criativa como estratégia de resiliência e de reintrodução do simbólico no mundo contemporâneo.
A grande aceleração & o campo comunicacional
Authors: Santaella Lucia
Published: January 2016

Desde a revolução industrial que inaugurou, no campo da comunicação, a era da reprodutibilidade técnica, novas tecnologias midiáticas não cessam de emergir em um ritmo cada vez mais intenso até se tornar verdadeiramente avassalador a partir do advento do universo digital. Essa emergência crescente de tecnologias midiáticas não é um fenômeno isolado, mas deve ser inserida no contexto bem mais amplo daquilo que os especialistas em mudanças climáticas e geologia estão chamando de “grande aceleração”. Para realizar tal inserção, este artigo tomou como roteiro metodológico o levantamento e estudo de dados bibliográficos, de um lado, relativos à evolução midiática desde a revolução industrial no século XIX até os nossos dias. De outro lado, relativos ao crescimento desmedido do gasto de fontes energéticas do planeta inteiramente imerso na circulação perversa do mercado capitalista. A comparação entre os dados tanto de um quanto de outro lado, conduziu esta pesquisa à constatação de uma interrelação indissolúvel entre ambos. Esse percurso nos leva à conclusão de que a aceleração midiática é parte integrante e contribui a seu modo para a grande aceleração que está levando o planeta Terra a uma nova era geológica.
Comunicação privada na internet: da invenção do particular na Idade Média à hiperexposição na rede
Authors: Primo Alex , Lupinacci Ludmila , Valiati Vanessa , Barros Laura
Published: January 2016

Este artigo discute a questão do privado em conversações online. É apresentada uma breve arqueologia da vida privada e uma discussão sobre a interação interpessoal e grupal em serviços de comunicação digital. A partir da reflexão sobre o borramento das esferas pública e privada na contemporaneidade, são apresentados os protocolos de uso de serviços de sociabilidade online que visam orientar comportamentos e evitar problemas quanto à circulação de mensagens privadas. Finalmente, debate-se a quebra desses protocolos de uso, quando há o vazamento de conteúdos íntimos, que passam a ser (intencionalmente ou não) circulados publicamente.
Design editorial e publicação multiplataforma
Authors: Gruszynski Ana Cláudia
Published: January 2016

O artigo identifica, apresenta e problematiza aspectos que perpassam a atividade de design editorial na contemporaneidade, tendo em vista a introdução das tecnologias digitais e em rede, os processos de convergência e a publicação multiplataforma. Os tópicos levantados estão relacionados às pesquisas realizadas no âmbito do Grupo de Pesquisa Laboratório de Edição, Cultura e Design (Lead). Conclui-se que à medida que o design digital consolida-se e desdobra-se em diferentes camadas, que conhecimentos próprios do campo da informática tornam-se necessários para implementar publicações em plataformas digitais, tem-se o tensionamento de saberes e práticas que conduzem a um redesenho do meio profissional e acadêmico no âmbito da produção editorial, particularmente da atividade de design vinculada ao campo. Este abrange as esferas institucional, editorial e comercial, incidindo sobre a produção e o consumo, alterando práticas de leitura e contratos de comunicação.
A contribuição de Max Weber para os estudos do jornalismo: um ensaio teórico-metodológico
Authors: Fonseca Virgínia Pradelina da Silveira , Seibt Taís
Published: January 2016

Neste artigo, nosso objetivo é discutir a pertinência de alguns conceitos e da metodologia compreensiva de Max Weber para os estudos do Jornalismo enquanto uma instituição constitutiva da estrutura social. Para isso, primeiramente, retoma-se o conceito de ação social e sua respectiva tipologia, para, a seguir, discutir a possibilidade de conceber o jornalismo como uma ação social racional conforme os fins e conforme os valores. Dessa discussão, resulta a proposição de um novo paradigma para o estudo do jornalismo, que se está chamando, ainda provisoriamente, de “jornalismo de conhecimento”.
Activated carbons from waste of oil-palm kernel shells, sawdust and tannery leather scraps and application to chromium(VI), phenol, and methylene blue dye adsorption
Authors: Montoya-Suarez Sergio , Colpas-Castillo Fredy , Meza-Fuentes Edgardo , Rodríguez-Ruiz Johana , Fernandez-Maestre Roberto
Published: January 2016

Phenol, chromium, and dyes are continuously dumped into water bodies; the adsorption of these contaminants on activated carbon is a low-cost alternative for water remediation. We synthesized activated carbons from industrial waste of palm oil seed husks (kernel shells), sawdust, and tannery leather scraps. These materials were heated for 24 h at 600, 700 or 800°C, activated at 900°C with CO2 and characterized by proximate analysis and measurement of specific surface area (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Langmuir), and microporosity (t-plot). Isotherms showed micropores and mesopores in activated carbons. Palm seed activated carbon showed the highest fixed carbon content (96%), and Langmuir specific surface areas up to 1,268 m2/g, higher than those from sawdust (581 m2/g) and leather scraps (400 m2/g). The carbons were applied to adsorption of Cr(VI), phenol, and methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions. Phenol adsorption on activated carbons was 78–82 mg/g; on palm seed activated carbons, Cr(VI) adsorption at pH 7 was 0.35–0.37 mg/g, and methylene blue adsorption was 40–110 mg/g, higher than those from sawdust and leather scraps. Activated carbons from palm seed are promising materials to remove contaminants from the environment and represent an alternative application for vegetal wastes instead of dumping into landfills.
Enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds in coffee processing wastewater
Authors: Arriel Torres Juliana , Batista Chagas Pricila Maria , Cristina Silva Maria , dos Santos Custódio Donizete , Duarte Corrêa Angelita
Published: January 2016

Peroxidases can be used in the treatment of wastewater containing phenolic compounds. The effluent from the wet processing of coffee fruits contains high content of these pollutants and although some studies propose treatments for this wastewater, none targets specifically the removal of these recalcitrant compounds. This study evaluates the potential use of different peroxidase sources in the oxidation of caffeic acid and of total phenolic compounds in coffee processing wastewater (CPW). The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in CPW was performed and caffeic acid was found to be the major phenolic compound. Some factors, such as reaction time, pH, amount of H2O2 and enzyme were evaluated, in order to determine the optimum conditions for the enzyme performance for maximum oxidation of caffeic acid. The turnip peroxidase (TPE) proved efficient in the removal of caffeic acid, reaching an oxidation of 51.05% in just 15 minutes of reaction. However, in the bioremediation of the CPW, the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was more efficient with 32.70% ± 0.16 of oxidation, followed by TPE with 18.25% ± 0.11. The treatment proposed in this work has potential as a complementary technology, since the efficiency of the existing process is intimately conditioned to the presence of these pollutants.
Analysis of nanoporous membrane fouling relying on experimental observation and theoretical model for landfill leachate treatment
Authors: Jahanshahi Mohsen , Peyravi Majid , Shafaei Nader , Mirani Hatef
Published: January 2016

This paper is focused on the fouling behaviour of the ultrafiltration membrane for landfill leachate treatment. Natural organic matter fouling is considered a critical factor controlling the membrane performance. In this regard, the polyethersulphone nanoporous membrane was fabricated by phase inversion. In order to investigate the effects of operating conditions on fouling, landfilled leachate treatment was done at different transmembrane pressure and feed concentration. At high concentration of landfill leachate, the effect of operating pressure can be negligible. The maximum amount of RFR was 0.961 for raw landfill leachate. Flux decline data were also obtained for the filtration of landfill leachate. The rates of flux decline drastically dropped to about 46–48% of the initial values in the first 30 minutes of the experiment at all the examined pressures. The data were also analyzed using a model in order to provide explanations for simultaneous pore blockage and cake formation. The model showed very good agreement with the data for all transmembrane pressures and feed concentrations. The initial fouling due to pore blockage is related to the feed concentration at constant pressure, so by diluting the feed concentration, the effect of pore blocking was increased.
Effects of CeO2 nanoparticles on system performance and bacterial community dynamics in a sequencing batch reactor
Authors: Qiu Guanglei , Neo Sin-Yi , Ting Yen-Peng
Published: January 2016

The effects of CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the system performance and the bacterial community dynamics in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) were investigated, along with the fate and removal of CeO2 NPs within the SBR. Significant impact was observed on nitrification; NH4+-N removal efficiency decreased from almost 100% to around 70% after 6 days of continuous exposure to 1.0 mg/L of CeO2 NPs, followed by a gradual recovery until a stable value of around 90% after 20 days. Additionally, CeO2 NPs also led to a significant increase in the protein content in the soluble microbial products, showing the disruptive effects of CeO2 NPs on the extracellular polymeric substance matrix and related activated sludge structure. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed remarkable changes in the bacterial community structure in the activated sludge after exposure to CeO2 NPs. CeO2 NPs were effectively removed in the SBR mainly via sorption onto the sludge. However, the removal efficiency decreased from 95 to 80% over 30 days. Mass balance evaluation showed that up to 50% of the NPs were accumulated within the activated sludge and were removed with the waste sludge.
Degradation of Amaranth azo dye in water by heterogeneous photo-Fenton process using FeWO4 catalyst prepared by microwave irradiation
Authors: Severo Eric da Cruz , Anchieta Chayene Gonçalves , Foletto Vitória Segabinazzi , Kuhn Raquel Cristine , Collazzo Gabriela Carvalho , Mazutti Marcio Antonio , Foletto Edson Luiz
Published: January 2016

FeWO4 particles were synthesized by a simple, rapid and facile microwave technique and their catalytic properties in heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction were evaluated. This material was employed in the degradation of Amaranth azo dye. Individual and interactive effects of operational parameters such as pH, dye concentration and H2O2 dosage on the decolorization efficiency of Amaranth dye were evaluated by 23 central composite design. According to characterization techniques, a porous material and a well-crystallized phase of FeWO4 oxide were obtained. Regarding the photo-Fenton reaction assays, up to 97% color and 58% organic carbon removal were achieved in the best experimental conditions. In addition, the photo-Fenton process maintained treatment efficiency over five catalyst reuse cycles to indicate the durability of the FeWO4 catalyst. In summary, the results reveal that the synthesized FeWO4 material is a promising catalyst for wastewater treatment by heterogeneous photo-Fenton process.
Co-production of hydrogen and methane from herbal medicine wastewater by a combined UASB system with immobilized sludge (H2 production) and UASB system with suspended sludge (CH4 production)
Authors: Sun Caiyu , Hao Ping , Qin Bida , Wang Bing , Di Xueying , Li Yongfeng
Published: January 2016

An upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) system with sludge immobilized on granular activated carbon was developed for fermentative hydrogen production continuously from herbal medicine wastewater at various organic loading rates (8–40 g chemical oxygen demand (COD) L−1 d−1). The maximum hydrogen production rate reached 10.0 (±0.17) mmol L−1 hr−1 at organic loading rate of 24 g COD L−1 d−1, which was 19.9% higher than that of suspended sludge system. The effluents of hydrogen fermentation were used for continuous methane production in the subsequent UASB system. At hydraulic retention time of 15 h, the maximum methane production rate of 5.49 (±0.03) mmol L−1 hr−1 was obtained. The total energy recovery rate by co-production of hydrogen and methane was evaluated to be 7.26 kJ L−1 hr−1.
Urban domestic wastewater: how to reduce individual injection?
Authors: Polomé Philippe , Mignot Emmanuel , Nasri Amine , Lipeme Kouyi Gislain , Campan Laurence , Hooge Corinne , Rivière Nicolas
Published: January 2016

The present paper aims to identify ways to reduce pollution injected by residents in the urban wastewater network system. Two approaches are considered. The first one uses flow and pollutant calculation to test whether a polluter can easily be identified in a neighborhood. The second approach uses a survey to examine what incentive would be most effective to influence residents’ behavior. Hydrodynamic simulation results show that concentration profiles at the network outlet corresponding to all possible polluters are similar and thus do not point out specific resident source of pollution. Household-level survey results show that most socio-economic and public-good-related characteristics do not play a significant role in explaining choices to discard in the home wastewater network. Apart from the nature of the waste itself, by far the belief that the respondent has about neighbors’ and relatives’ discarding behavior is the main driver of the choice.
Operating a pilot-scale nitrification/distillation plant for complete nutrient recovery from urine
Authors: Fumasoli Alexandra , Etter Bastian , Sterkele Bettina , Morgenroth Eberhard , Udert Kai M.
Published: January 2016

Source-separated urine contains most of the excreted nutrients, which can be recovered by using nitrification to stabilize the urine before concentrating the nutrient solution with distillation. The aim of this study was to test this process combination at pilot scale. The nitrification process was efficient in a moving bed biofilm reactor with maximal rates of 930 mg N L−1 d−1. Rates decreased to 120 mg N L−1 d−1 after switching to more concentrated urine. At high nitrification rates (640 mg N L−1 d−1) and low total ammonia concentrations (1,790 mg NH4-N L−1 in influent) distillation caused the main primary energy demand of 71 W cap−1 (nitrification: 13 W cap−1) assuming a nitrogen production of 8.8 g N cap−1 d−1. Possible process failures include the accumulation of the nitrification intermediate nitrite and the selection of acid-tolerant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Especially during reactor start-up, the process must therefore be carefully supervised. The concentrate produced by the nitrification/distillation process is low in heavy metals, but high in nutrients, suggesting a good suitability as an integral fertilizer.
Identification of risk factors for Salmonella spp. in pigs and control measures during management and transport of animals
Authors: Vidic B. , Savic S. , Prica N.
Published: January 2016

Pigs and pork meat products are common source of human salmonellosis.
Salmonella can enter the food chain at any point such as the livestock feed,
via the on-farm production site, at the slaughterhouse or packing plant, as
well as during manufacturing, processing and retailing of food, or through
catering and food preparation at home. The understanding of epidemiology of
Salmonella sp. at all stages of production chain is of crucial importance.
The production of ?Salmonella free pigs? would reduce the risk for the
occurrence of human infections Also, production of ?Salmonella free pigs? is
difficult to achieve due to a number of practical and financial reasons.
However, serological status of particular pig farm can be determined based on
the analysis of blood- or meat juice samples taken from slaughtered pigs.
This procedure enables the identification of Salmonella free farms?. The
basic actions for preventing salmonellosis in humans should involve the
following: preventing the entrance of Salmonella to the farm, reducing the
number of infected animals and preventing the spread of the infection. The
best way to prevent the disease is to keep the infection away from the farm.
In order to successfully resolve the problem of human salmonellosis
associated with infected pork meat or meat products, control measures need to
be simultaneously implemented at all levels of meat production chain.
Crossing system application and its effect on lambs growth traits
Authors: Caro-Petrovic V. , Petrovic M.P. , Ilic Z.Z. , Petrovic M.M. , Ruzic-Muslic D. , Maksimovic N. , Selionova M.I. , Mandic V.
Published: January 2016

Success of crossing depends on the breeds used and the genetic distance among
them, as well the combining ability of maternal and individual heterosis to
make the proper choice of breeds employed in a crossing system. The aim of
this study is to find the effect of genotype and crossing system on early
weights and daily gain of lambs. The lambs of purebred Pirot Pramenka ( P)
got the lowest body weight at birth, at 30 days, at 60 days and 90 days with
a value of 3.65 kg, 9.48 kg, 14.99 kg and 21.96 kg while purebred Wurttemberg
attained the highest body weight at birth of 4.48 kg. The lambs of three bred
crossing (PxWxF) highest on BW30, BW60 and BW90 days. The results showed a
highly significant difference on average daily gain (ADG) among genotypes (P
?0.01) except on the difference between W - PxW of which belongs to the lower
border of significant level (P ?0.05). The highest difference on ADG was
between P - PxWxF (105.950 g), wherein the lowest difference was between W-
PxW (9.290 g). It can close that the attained value between pure bred
Wurttemberg (W) and two-bred crossing (PxW) was almost equal. Genotype and
crossing system have significant effect on body weight and average daily gain
of lambs. Based on the results obtained, it shows an advantage effect of
crossing system (PxWxF) when it comes on growth and daily gain of lambs.
Active house: A contemporary housing model for flood affected population
Authors: Stratimirovic Tatjana , Kordic Milena , Marlovic Srdjan
Published: January 2016

The effectiveness of architectural knowledge in the struggle for a better
future can be seen in the attitude that a good design or a good architectural
solution, does not belong solely to the privileged ones as an improvement of
the basic requirements, rather quite the opposite, that it is created as a
response to a need. The goal of physical and emotional wellbeing, combined
with a long term strategy for reducing the negative impact of the built
environment by converting it into a positive influence upon the natural
ecosystem, brings together and advances bioclimatic principles, architectural
design and sustainable construction in the contemporary housing model dubbed
the Active House. The Active House Workshop was held, as part of a wider
student initiative New Housing Models for Flood Affected Population, at the
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture. The purpose of the campaign
was to provide help to flood affected communities and assistance in efforts
for repairing buildings in Serbia, hit by the severe floods of May 2014.
Students came up with nine design solutions for small family homes, which
incorporate the principles of Active House into existing construction
techniques. In an architectural context, when concerning repair work after
flooding, the need to consider problems related to contemporary living
conditions through the ?active? category is seen in a new understanding of
nature which allows the replacement of a passive restoration model, with an
active models for designing in interaction with the environment.
Shelters for archaeological sites in Serbia: A research aiming to develop guidelines for future design and construction
Authors: Vasic-Petrovic Elena , Momcilovic-Petronijevic Ana
Published: January 2016

Between the years 2003. and 2013. the Republic of Serbia allocated in its own
budgets around one billion dinars for designing and construction of shelters
on archaeological sites. This paper researches the main factors for decision
making on different levels, resulting in certain designs and construction
solutions, but in numerous problems also. Based on all so far performed works
and their results, the general guidelines applicable to the range of
professionals involved were given.
Seismic bridge pier analysis for pile foundation by force and displacement based approaches
Authors: Singh NP.R. , Vinayak Hemant
Published: January 2016

Seismic analysis of bridge pier supported on pile foundation requires
consideration of soil-pile-structure (kinematic and inertial) interactions.
This paper presents the design forces generated for bridge piers with varying
height and constant diameter for medium and soft soils in earthquake
probability zones considering contribution of soil-pile-structure
interactions by developed analytical approaches. The results have shown that
the difference in base shear demand between force based and displacement
based approach and that between capacity spectrum and displacement based
method in general decreases with the increase in slenderness ratio of the
pier. The base shear demand by non-linear time history analysis has been
found to be much higher compared to that by other methods. The relationship
between height and pier cross-section has been developed for different soils
and seismic zones such that the base shear demands by force based and
displacement based method are of the same order. The overall value of the
slenderness ratio works out to be such that failure of the pile shall be as a
short column for both medium and soft soil.