bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Re-Bonded Magnesia - Zirconia Refractory for New Dry Process Cement Kiln
Authors: Zhang Hui Fang , Huang Hong Liang , Zhang Li Fang , Zheng Na , Zhao Fei
Published: July 2011

The use of magnesia-chrome refractories of the cement kiln can generate harmful hexavalent chromium in the environment and be hazardous to your health, so the study on the instead of magnesia-chrome refractories have become urgent issues. The raw material is made up of fused magnesite particles (particle size 0 to 3 mm), fine fused magnesite powder with the size less than 200 meshes and fine fused magnesia-zirconia’s powder with the size less than 320 meshes, polyvinyl alcohol and calcium lignosulfonate liquor being used as the combine. This paper discusses the effect of sinter temperature on sinter character of products.
Study on Wear-Resistance of Laser Surface Remelted-Strengthening High NiCr Indefinite Chilled Iron Roll Material
Authors: Wu Guo Sheng , Wang Yu Tao
Published: July 2011

Rolling friction and abrasion test of high NiCr indefinite chilled iron roll material was developed on Arms Abrasion Tester made in Japan. The results showed that among two groups of samples with laser surface remelted-strengthening, C2 group samples of higher laser power and quicker linear speed had higher wear-resistance, and №6 sample of C2 group has the best with 1.5 mm beam diameter, 240-250W power and 30 mm/s linear speed, its total wear extent of three work conditions was only 16.3mg, and its wear-resistance increased 34.8% compared with №3 sample which had the best wear-resistance in C1 group without laser surface remelted-strengthening,; and for contrast of average wear-resistance of three work conditions, C2 group increased 49.3% compared with C1 group, it was showed that the effect of laser surface remelted-strengthening on high NiCr indefinite chilled iron roll material were very evident.
Study on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of High Boron Alloy
Authors: Tang Hong Qun , Su Guang Cai , Su Wen Hong , Zhang Xiu Hai , Sun Li Wei
Published: July 2011

The mechanical properties and microstructure of high boron alloy (HBA) with different content of boron and carbon were investigated using Taguchi method for obtaining the optimized composition. In addition, the effect of modification with different RE content and the effect of heat treatment on the alloy were studied as well. Results show that the optimized chemical compositions of the HBA are as follows: 0.5% C、3.0% B、1.0% Si、1.0% Mn、1.0% Cu、1.5% Cr、0.5% V and the rest is Fe, and the best content of the RE are 0.8%-1.0%. After the modification and the heat treatment, the mechanical properties of alloy improve significantly. This is because that the matrix of alloy is changed from pearlite to martensite, and the network of boride is broken up and distributed more evenly to form an isolated and discontinuous distribution. The alloy with this composition has been successfully used for anode claw in aluminum smelter, which greatly improves the wear resistance.
Rutting Treatment Technology of Asphalt Pavement of Abrupt Slope Section in Heavy Load and High Temperature Zone
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhao Zhou Qing , Zeng Jian
Published: July 2011

Aiming at the characteristics of pavement rutting damage of test road under the condition of heavy load and abrupt slope, an overlay design scheme and a new overlay material with high performance was proposed. The new material is PG82 modified asphalt SMA-13 added polyester fibre which can significantly improve the high temperature performance of asphalt mixture under severe environment, and its strength and crack resistance are superior to normal SMA-13. Tracking survey of test road shows that the pavement performances keeps good and rutting is under good control. Therefore those measurements are successful and can be a reference to similar projects.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Sm-Fe-N Prepared by Nitriding High Purity Sm2Fe17 Grown from Sm-Rich Melt
Authors: Jiang Wei , Si Ping Zhan , Wang Hai Xia , Wu Qiong , Liu Jin Jun , Lee Jung Goo , Choi C.J. , Ge Hong Liang
Published: July 2011

We report on a novel method for preparation of high purity Sm2Fe17 phase by removing the liquid impurity phase from the Sm-rich precursor at high temperatures. With decreasing Sm addition, the percentage of liquid phase left as impurity is decreasing. Nitrogen absorption to the Sm2Fe17 powders results in a complete formation of Sm2Fe17N3, which shows a weak disproportionation reaction at 773 K. The magnetic performance of the Sm2Fe17N3 from precursors with different Sm content is improving with decreasing Sm content.
Inhibition Mechanism of the Substance Containing Aluminum on ASR
Authors: Wang Xiao Yan , Feng Xiao Xin , Dong Cui Zhi , Kan Xin Rong , Zhang Li Fang , Han Jie
Published: July 2011

The influence of Al2O3 on alkali content in concrete pore solution was investigated, Al2O3 was added into concrete by bauxite. The quartz glass as active aggregate was dipped in the NaOH solution with Al3+ and without Al3+ respectively. The morphology of the products was observed by scanning electron microscope, the element composition was analyzed by Energy analyzer and the mineral composition was measured by X-ray diffractometer. The results showed that alkali content in pore solution can be reduced effectively by Al2O3. The more content of Al2O3, the lower alkali content in pore solution. The existence of Al3+ changed the ASR products. The products inclined to crystal rather than gel and zeolite was formed. Therefore, the decrease of alkali content in pore solution and transformation of ASR products were the reasons of the substance containing aluminum inhibition ASR.
Absorbing Properties of Composite Material Plates of Multi-Layer Absorbing Structure
Authors: Deng Jing Lan , Feng Bing
Published: July 2011

Microwave absorbing material is currently being more and more widely applied in the world. However, conventional absorbent coating material cannot fulfill the complex current requirements of science and technology to have a wide absorption frequency band, and high absorption. This paper describes composite material plates with a multi-layer absorbing structure designed according to impedance-matching and attenuation principles, producing two- and three-layer absorbing structures. Twelve samples were made, containing graphite powder and manganese dioxide at varying concentrations. The results show that in the frequency range 8-18 GHz, the peak absorption of double-layer samples is -12.3dB, the effective bandwidth (R < -10 dB) is 1.8GHz. The absorption peak of three-layer samples is -18 dB, and the effective bandwidth (R < -10 dB) is 8GHz. The findings of this research are useful in improving the absorption bandwidth of absorbing material.
Pilot-Scale Reconstruction of Steel Slag with Electric Arc Furnace Slag and Coal Cinder
Authors: Li Zai Bo , Zhao San Yin , Zhao Xu Guang , He Tu Sheng
Published: July 2011

To realize the industrial application of online reconstruction technique of steel slag, a pilot-scale reconstruction research of steel slag (SS) with electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and coal cinder (CC) and its mechanism were investigated. The results show that after reconstruction, the free-CaO content of reconstructed steel slag (RSS) is reduced. XRD analysis indicates that the reconstruction reaction can promote to create more active cementitious minerals (C2S, C3S, C6AF2 and C6A2F) in RSS. Composition adjusting materials formula composing of EAFS and CC at the ratio of 70:30 is optimum, which can meet the standard of the first grade steel slag powder according to Chinese National Standards GB/T 20491-2006.
Removal of Sulfur Dioxide from Sintering Flue Gas with Coking Wastewater
Authors: Hao Su Ju , Jiang Wu Feng , Zhang Yu Zhu , Liu Bing
Published: July 2011

Coking wastewater comprising a lot of ammonia is a good desulfurizer for recycling. Sintering flue gas is characterized by large volume, low sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration and large variation amplitude and etc. The purpose for treating waste with waste can be carried out by treating sintering flue gas with coking wastewater. This paper uses a spray tower countercurrent device, ensures the contact between coking wastewater and sintering flue gas, and detects SO2 concentration of inlet flue gas and outlet flue gas on line by using an automatic flue gas detection instrument. This paper studies on the change regularity for the SO2 concentration at outlet flue gas during the process of treating sintering flue gas with coking wastewater, the influence of SO2 initial concentration in sintering flue gas to the removal efficiency of SO2, the influence of gas-liquid ratio between the sintering flue gas and the coking wastewater to the removal efficiency of SO2, and the change regularity for the pH value of coking wastewater after desulfurizing. The results show that the sintering flue gas which is treated can live up to the atmospheric pollutant effluent standard of iron and steel industry; the pH value of coking wastewater is reduced after treating, and the conditions for the implementation of subsequent coking wastewater treatment process are provided.
An Approach to Raw Material Cost Control Model in Iron and Steel Industry
Authors: Wang Wan Lei , Meng Qiu Nan , Liu Xiao Bing
Published: July 2011

Raw material cost control is becoming an important aspect in the steel enterprise’s cost management, as the raw material cost occupies a large proportion in the cost of product. Therefore, the raw material cost control model which ensures the minimum raw material cost with the qualified contents of chemical ingredients in the product is established. The arithmetic based on Lagrange multipliers is proposed to solve the described model. The model verification provides great support for reducing the cost and configuring resources optimally.
Research on Slaked Magnesium Slag as a Mineral Admixture for Concrete
Authors: Cai Ji Wei , Gao Guang Liang , Bai Rui Ying , Yu Li Xue , Wang Shao Jun
Published: July 2011

The magnesium slag is discarded from production of magnesium metal from dolomite. However the magnesium slag is slaked in some factories by means of sprinkling water to prevent from dust pollution. The possibility of slaked magnesium slag (SMS) to play a role of mineral admixture for concrete was investigated by experiments of mortars and concretes prepared with SMS. The results revealed that SMS was still reactive. When SMS is substituted for 30% of cement, its reactivity index is equivalent to that of grade I fly ash (FA). And when SMS is used as mineral admixture to prepare concrete, it contributes to strength of concrete no less than S95 ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS). Better effect of binary or ternary blend can be obtained by combining SMS with GGBS and/or FA. Because the magnesium slag is slaked, SMS has no problem on soundness, so it can be applied in concrete as mineral admixture.
Application of Interlocking Block Pavement in Rural Highway
Authors: Chang Yu Jiao , Ma Biao , Qin Fang , Lv Xuan
Published: July 2011

Concrete interlocking block pavement is characterized of preferred durability, easy construction and maintenance and low construction cost. It can be widely applied in the rural highway. Based with the project of rural highway in Tongchuan Shaanxi province, the paper studies the mechanism of interlocking blocks, design of the pavement, and construction technology for field application. After one year service for open traffic, the interlocking block pavement is shown to have fascinating economy and service performance for the rural road.
Effect of Admixtures Treated by Magnetic Field on Concrete
Authors: Song Hong Wei , Zhao Shan Yu
Published: July 2011

This research investigates the mechanical property of the concrete which were mixed with chemical admixtures and treated by magnetic field. Two chemical admixtures were used in this research: Concrete superplasiticizer SW-4 and early strength admixtures CF. Magnetic treated admixtures were obtained by passing liquors through a concrete magnetic-field-generating machine. Test variables included admixture dosage and curing age. Results show that liquor’s conductivity and surface tension have some special changes after treated by magnetic field, and using magnetic treated admixtures could improve the compressive strength of the concrete, reduce the setting times and improve its fluidity and magnetization improved cement hydrate degrees.
Study on the Preparation and Properties of CaZr0.9in0.1O3-α and BaCe0.85Y0.15O3-α Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Ding Yu Shi , Li Ying , Zhang Yi , Wang Chang Zhen
Published: July 2011

CaZr0.9In0.1O3-α and BaCe0.85Y0.15O3-α two kinds of solid electrolytes were prepared, and the preparation conditions were determined. DSC-TG curves were used to illustrate the synthetic mechanism of CaZr0.9In0.1O3-α and BaCe0.85Y0.15O3-α, and XRD analyses indicate these two solid electrolytes are single phase after calcining at 1400°C for 10h. The isostatic pressing method and hot injection moulding method were used to prepare CaZr0.9In0.1O3-α and BaCe0.85Y0.15O3-α tubes. Through comparing the apparent density of sintered tubes, it is found that isostatic pressing shaping method is good for improving the compactness of CaZr0.9In0.1O3-α sintered tubes, and hot injection moulding shaping method is good for improving the compactness of BaCe0.85Y0.15O3-α sintered tubes.
Experimental Study on the Mix Design and Fundamental Properties for Mixd Mortars Using Recycled Fine Aggregates
Authors: Zhao Wen Lan , Liu Li Xin , Hao Tong
Published: July 2011

This paper concerns the use of recycled fine concrete and clay brick aggregates to respectively globally replace natural fine aggregates (sand) in the production of mixed mortar. The fundamental properties such as the compressive strength and the shrinkage ratio of mixed mortar made of the recycled fine aggregates are tested and discussed in detail. The experimental results indicated that it is viable to produce mixed mortar using recycled fine concrete and clay brick aggregates, the compressive strength of mixed mortar made of recycled fine aggregates is lower than that of mixed mortar made of natural fine aggregates and the shrinkage ratio of mixed mortar made of recycled fine aggregates is larger, cured in natural environment.
The Development of High-Alumina Heat Resisting Alloy Used for Scaleboard
Authors: Fan Yong Zhe , Song Yu Chen , Ma Rui Na
Published: July 2011

According to the requirement of the pot scaleboard of Coke Dry Quenching, high content of aluminium heat resisting alloy was developed.Through changing the content of carbon,boron and titanium,the best compounding of the heat resisting alloy was Fe-8Al-1B-5Cr-0.3C-0.5Ti.The microstructure of this kind of alloy was observed and analyzed with optical microscope.It also had good performance of oxidation resistance,abrasion resistance and thermal fatigue resistance,it was suitable for using as pot scaleboard of CDQ.
Quantification of SBS Content in SBS Polymer Modified Asphalt by FTIR
Authors: Sun Da Quan , Zhang Li Wen , Zhang Xiao Ling
Published: July 2011

The content SBS plays an important role on the performances of its modified asphalt. Traditional methods which were based on the differences of performances and molecular weight couldn’t quantify SBS content accurately. On the basis of FTIR analysis of SBS, the characteristic peak combination of modified asphalt that could be possibly used for quantitative analysis was summarized. According to theory of Lambert-Beer’s law, a relationship of absorbance ratio and content of mass was deduced. Considering the physical property of SBS polymer modified asphalt and coefficient of variation of specimens, the standard method to prepare SBS polymer modified asphalt for FTIR test was established. Then, regression coefficients were tested for significances combining with theoretical equation and linear programming method, the optimum characteristic peak ratio combination for quantification was designated. Finally, a reasonably accurate and precise method to quantify SBS content is achieved, and the author expected the research could provide the guidance for quantification of polymer content in polymer modified asphalt through this paper.
Wear Characteristics of Al 6061 Reinforced with Graphite under Different Loads and Speeds
Authors: Baradeswaran A. , Elayaperumal A.
Published: July 2011

This work investigates Al 6061 alloy with graphite particle impregnated metal matrix composites under dry sliding conditions. The conventional casting techniques were used for preparing the composite material. Experiments were conducted under dry sliding conditions for determining the wear behavior of Al 6061 alloy- Graphite composite material with varying wt % graphite content under different sliding speeds and at different loads. Sliding distance of 250m was commonly used for the wear test. A pin on disc machine was used for conducting the wear test. The test was conducted under atmospheric conditions. Wear rate decreases with increased sliding speed and increases with increasing load. Worn surfaces of the composites were examined through scanning electron microscope. The wear loss of the composite material with 5Wt % graphite was found to be minimum with respect to sliding speeds and loads.
Simulation of Crack Tip Plasticity Using 3D Crystal Plasticity Theory
Authors: Liu Wen Hui , Huang Hao , Chen Zhi Gang , Cui Da Tian
Published: July 2011

To investigate the plasticity distribution of microstructurally small crack tip in FCC crystals, the crack tip opening displacment(CTOD), crack tip plastic zone and maximum plastic work for stationary microstructurally small cracks were calculated with the three dimensional crystal plasticity finite element theory, which was implemented in the finite element code ABAQUS with the rate dependent crystal plasticity theory code as user material subroutine. Results show that crystallographic orientation has significant influence on CTOD and maximum plastic work. The CTOD and maximum plastic work in hard orientation are larger than that in soft orientaion under the displacement controlled boundary condition, which means that crack in hard orientation is more likely to extend than that in soft orientaion. The high-angle grain boundary shows a tendency to reduce crack extension, and the dislocation ahead of the crack tip becomes blocked by high-angle grain boundary.
Material Factors Analysis of the Cracking in 0Cr12Mn5Ni4Mo3Al Stainless Steel Pipe Sleeve on Aircraft Flare-Less Pipe Joints
Authors: Li Fu Guo , Xue Feng Mei , Yu Wen Jun , Li Jian Fei
Published: July 2011

It is shown that the discreteness of the chemical compositions of 0Cr12Mn5Ni4Mo3Al steel is large and the range of the Cr/Ni equivalent ratio is wide, which has big impact on the content and morphology of ferrite and easy to occur cracking phenomenon when bearing, based on the chemical compositions analysis of pipe sleeve on aircraft flare-less pipe joints. It can be found that the chemical compositions of cracked pipe sleeve are almost meeting the requirements, but the Cr/Ni equivalent ratio is on the high side. So it can be concluded that the fracture failure of pipe sleeve is closely related to the content, shape and distribution of δ-ferrite. Thus, the available solution of the cracking in 0Cr12Mn5Ni4Mo3Al stainless steel pipe sleeve is to reduce the Cr/Ni equivalent ratio within the permissive of nominal chemical compositions and adjust the hot working process to form the reasonable morphology and distribution of δ-ferrite.
Spraying Distance Dependence of Microhardness on HVOF WC-Co Coatings
Authors: Feng Wen Ran , Zhou Hai
Published: July 2011

Thermal sprayed WC-based coatings are widely used in modern industry, especially in excellent wear-resistant-demanding fields, due to their high hardness and superior mechanical properties. WC-Co is a typical representative of the coatings, usually used as the protective layers of shaft, pump sleeve intine, etc. WC-Co coatings were prepared on low carbon steel substrate using high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) technology, under different distance ranging from 160 to 240 mm. The influence of the spraying distance on coating hardness was investigated and discussed. The results reveal that, the cross-sectional hardness of the HVOF WC-Co coatings depend not only on the spraying distance, but also on the indentation position. The average microhardness for all the coatings was obviously enhanced. The highest one (1793.6 Hv) was produced with a distance of 240 mm. Due to the heat effect of the flame, the hardness for all coatings varies with the distance from indentation to coating/substrate interface.
Establish Fatigue Life Mechanism for Self Run Bushing By Engineering Analysis Methods
Authors: Hsu Quang Cherng , Huang Yan Chau
Published: July 2011

Along with social progress, people pay attention to health. Modern people choose the gym to maintain posture and body functions well, therefore, the gym popularize everywhere. Popularity of expensive fitness equipment to bring a lot of convenience, but different users share of fitness equipment have different condition, often caused damage by use, which is the most important factor for the material fatigue damage. This study chose the exercise bike parts “self run bushing” to create a fatigue life assessment mechanism. In this study, to the fatigue analysis was conducted, by using finite element analysis according to the material S-N curve and Miner cumulative damage theory in a series of cyclic loading. To analyze fatigue life, analytical and experimental studies through mutual verification were conducted which can obtain the expectation life period of the self run bushing. The load spectrum based on different user can also be considered in this study. Based on the design frequency from different users, after the study of distribution of reliability and failure, the most appropriate time-out and the best replacement time can be obtained.
Electro-Conductive Property of Polymeric Composite under Impact Loading Using a Modified SHPB
Authors: Lei Jin Tao , Zhang Ming Hua , Chen Jian Kang
Published: July 2011

In order to detect the variation of electro-conductive property of polymeric composite under impact loading, a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (M-SHPB) is suggested. Such M-SHPB is constructed by designing a new test electrocircuit, and connecting it to the specimen and oscillograph. On the other hand, a copper foil cover is designed and placed on the whole SHPB equipment for avoiding interference of electromagnetic wave existing in the testing environment. By means of M-SHPB, the relation between the resistance and dynamic strain is effectively detected.
Biomaterial Impedance Analyzer Based on Digital Auto Balancing Bridge
Authors: Li Nan , Wang Yi Nan , Nie Hong Shan , Yu Hong Qi , Xu Hui
Published: July 2011

This paper presents the design method of a novel biomaterial impedance analyzer based on digital auto balancing bridge method. The system hardware mainly consists of FPGA, ADC, DACs and operational amplifiers. Many DSP algorithms such as direct digital frequency synthesis (DDS), digital phase sensitive demodulation (DPSD), digital modulation and digital filter are implemented in FPGA to realize the auto balancing function of the bridge circuit. Simulation results show that the system has good performance from low frequency to 10MHz. It is suitable for EIS application in biomaterial analysis.
Research on the Sorption of Anticorrosion and Antiwear Addtives on Surface of Axletree
Authors: Feng Bing , Liu Shuang Hong , Chen Guo Xu , Wang Kun , Shang Pei Hua
Published: July 2011

Conduct simulative adsorption experiment with lubricating oil containing anticorrosion additive and axletree, measure the variation of which represents the absorption of anticorrosive on the surface of friction pairs, and then testify the adsorptive function of anticorrosive on the surface of friction pairs; By the adsorptive experiment conducted on lubricating oil containing anti-wear additive, find out that the competitive adsorptive relation between anti-wear additive and anticorrosive.
Effect of Ultrasonic Wave on Lentinan Extraction
Authors: Zhang Wen Bo , Li Hong Rui , Tao Jun , Dong Bing Bing
Published: July 2011

The research in this paper optimized the extraction technique of lentinan with ultrasonic assistant method on the basis of hot water extraction technique, and investigated the promoting function of ultrasound to polysaccharides extraction. Extraction condition was selected by means of orthogonal experimental design, four factors and three levels L9(34), after key elements were respectively chosen through single factor experiments. Comparison between optimal extraction parameters of two method, hot water extraction technique and ultrasonic assistant extraction technique, showed decreased extraction temperature and significantly shortened extraction time, which existed in the second means, improved the extraction efficiency. Lentinus edodes polysaccharide extracted with ultrasonic assistant technique, the extraction rate and polysaccharide content percentage increased 6.22% and 8.66% respectively, comparative to which extracted with hot water extraction technique.
Viscoelastic Characterization of Microwave Drying Nature Rubber
Authors: Zhang Fu Quan , Wang Yong Zhou , Chen Mei , Huang Mao Fang
Published: July 2011

Nature rubber (NR) is neither completely viscous nor elastic in nature, but viscoelastic in their properties. In the experiment, we used two types of equipments named rubber process analyzer (RPA) 2000 and mooney viscometer to characterize the viscoelastic properties of NR dried by microwave and hot-air, respectively. In present research, RPA tests on uncured NR dried by different methods were carried out using frequency and strain sweeps, and Mooney viscometer was detected using the big rotor at 100°C. The results showed that microwave drying has not influenced the viscoelastic properties of NR greatly, without changing the profiles of its rheological behavior. Compared with hot-air drying, the properties of NR dried by microwave improved significantly. As a new application, microwave drying technology offered an alternative way to the drying of NR.
Effect of Laser Surface Melting on Structure and Properties of a High Speed Tool Steel
Authors: Bonek Mirosław , Matula Grzegorz , Dobrzański Leszek Adam
Published: July 2011

The purpose of this research paper is focused on the high speed steel surface layers improvement properties using HPDL laser. The paper present laser surface technologies, investigation of structure and properties of the high speed steel alloying with carbides using high power diode laser HPDL. Investigation indicate the influence of the alloying carbides on the structure and properties of the surface layer of investigated steel depending on the kind of alloying carbides and power implemented laser (HPDL). In the effect of laser alloying with powder of carbides occurs size reduction of microstructure as well as dispersion hardening through fused in but partially dissolved carbides and consolidation through enrichment of surface layer in alloying additions coming from dissolving carbides. Introduced particles of carbides and in part remain undissolved, creating conglomerates being a result of fusion of undissolved powder grains into molten metal base. The structural mechanism was determined of surface layers development, effect was studied of alloying parameters, gas protection method, and thickness of paste layer applied onto the steel surface on structure refinement and influence of these factors on the mechanical properties of surface layer, and especially on its hardness, abrasive wear resistance, and roughness. It has the important cognitive significance and gives grounds to the practical employment of these technologies for forming the surfaces of new tools and regeneration of the used ones.
Study on Anti-Corrosion of the HAZ of 30CrMnSi Treated by Laser Remelting
Authors: Li Yan Li , Huang Ren Xu , Zhao Pei Zhong , Yi De Xian
Published: July 2011

30CrMnSi is quenched and tempered steel with medium hardenability, and good mechanical properties. However, the anti-corrosion of the weld heat affected zone will be decreased, which will lead to the worse overall properties of parts. The anti-corrosion properties of heat affected zone will be improved by YAG laser treatment according optimized processing parameters. The microstructure of the modified heat affected zone was observed and analyzed in this paper. And the anti-corrosion property was studied also. The results showed that the anti-corrosion property of heat affected zone will be improved by laser remelting technology. The laser anti-corrosion is the effective method to enhance anti-corrosion property.
Laser Cladding of Al+nano-Al2O3 Powder on ZM5 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Chen Chang Jun , Cao Qin , Xu Xing , Zhang Min , Zhang Shi Chang
Published: July 2011

Laser surface cladding was carried out on a Mg-Al-Zn system ZM5 magnesium alloy with a mixture of Al and nano-Al2O3powders. The microstructure, chemical composition analyses of the cladding coating were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis(EDAX).Both the coating and substrate were identied by microhardness tester. The laser cladding showed very good bonding with the magnesium alloy substrate. The Al2O3particles partially or completely melted during laser irradiation and re-solidified with irregular shapes in the size range of 5–60 µm along with a few islands as large as 500 µm, within the grain-refined Mg-rich dendritic matrix. The improvement in microhardness after cladding was attributed to the presence of ultra-hard Al2O3particles, increased solid solubility of Al and a very fine dendritic microstructure as a result of rapid solidification induced by laser cladding process. And corrosion resistance of the cladded coating was enhanced compared to that of the as-cast substrate after immersion tests.
Optimization of Laser Transmission Joining Process between Different Thermoplastics using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Xu Zhen Kai , Wang Kai , Jiang Min Feng , Hu Yang , Zhang Cheng , Li Pin , Liu Hui Xia
Published: July 2011

In order to determine the optimum joint conditions, four key process parameters affecting the joint quality of laser transmission joint of 1mm thick PET film and PC film，namely，laser power, scanning speed, clamping pressure and scanning number are optimized by response surface methodology in this paper. The interaction effect of main process parameters on joint quality is researched. The samples are tested using a multi-axis microtester in order to determine joint strength. The morphology of the joining area is observed with an optical microscope. Design Expert analysis indicates that the best laser power, scanning speed, clamping pressure and scanning number on joint quality were 35.7W, 5.0mm/s, 0.75MPa, 3, respectively. Finally, the experimental results are consistent with the predicted, which illustrates that the developed mathematical models can predict the responses adequately.
Tribological Behaviors of Nanocrystalline Nickel Coatings under Lubricated Conditions
Authors: Xia Yan Qiu , Feng Xin
Published: July 2011

In this paper, nickel coatings (on phosphor bronze substrates) were prepared using pulse electrodeposition method. The friction and wear behaviors of nanocrystalline nickel coating compared with coarse-grained nickel coating against AISI 52100 steel were investigated using l-butyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid and perfluoropolyether as a reference lubricant on reciprocating ball-on-flat UMT-2MT sliding tester. The morphologies of the worn surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The chemical states of several typical elements on the worn surfaces were examined by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that NC nickel coatings have better tribological properties than that of coarse-grained nickel coatings under lubricated conditions. This was partly attributed to the high hardness of the NC nickel coating and L-B408 ionic liquid formed tribochemical reaction films under NC nickel coatings.
Computer Analysis of Radar Graph Fractal Method for Wear Debris Contour
Authors: Liu Jin Long , Liu Hong Tao , Ge Shi Rong , Xie Chang Hui
Published: July 2011

Radar graph fractal method is an effective description for the contour of wear debris. In this paper the principle that radar graph fractal dimension analyzed by computer was researched. In analysis, how to extract contour of wear debris from surrounding is looked as an important process, and three methods was introduced to deal with it: manual method is simple to do, but the result is not accurate for the process could be affected by human mistake; automatic method can deal with the case that multi-wear debris being in an graph, and do the statistic for the result, but it is not good for the graph that wear debris’ gray is similar to surrounding’s, the wear debris contour gotten by this method is often distortional, so the concepts that edge dot extracted ratio and the optimizing threshold method can be introduced to improve it; Semi-automatic method is easy to modify the gotten wear debris contour by change the contrast of graph and the gray of edge dot extracted artificially, improve the definition of wear debris contour. The method radar graph fractal dimension analyzed by computer is more simple and convenient than by hand, its result is also more accurate, better for the using of radar graph fractal description.
Influence of DC Steady Magnetic Field on Friction and Wear Characteristics of Friction Pair of High-Speed Steel / 2Cr13 Stainless Steel
Authors: Wei Yong Hui , Zhang Yong Zhen , Chen Yue , Du San Ming
Published: July 2011

The influence of DC steady magnetic field on dry-sliding Friction and wear characteristics of friction pair of high-speed steel (HSS) ring and 2Cr13 pin is studied by use of improved MPV-1500 type Friction and wear tester under normal temperature. Experiments show that, The wear loss of both HSS ring and 2Cr13 pin decreases gradually, along with the enhancement of the magnetic field intensity, under the load of 250N and the friction velocity of 0.6m/s; The phenomenon of negative wear loss appears to the HSS ring. The wear loss of the sample HSS ring keeps low comparing with that of the sample 2Cr13 stainless steel pin; The trend of friction coefficients decreases quickly and then slowly; Magnetic field can accelerate oxidization.
Tribological Performances of FeS Solid Lubrication Duplex Layer under Liquid Paraffin Oil with n-Al2O3 Lubrication
Authors: Hu Chun Hua , Huang Jian , Zhao Hai Shan , Ma Shi Ning , Qiao Yu Lin
Published: July 2011

FeS solid lubrication duplex layer was prepared on the surface of 45 steel by ion nitrocarburizing-ion sulphurizing process. The sulphide grains and holes all in micron and nano scale and distributing equably in the sulphide surface layer with 10 μm thickness of the duplex layer. The duplex layer is composed of FeS, FeS2 and Fe3N. Under liquid paraffin oil with 0.1wt% n-Al2O3 lubrication, the synergistic effect between n-Al2O3 and the duplex layer is produced, and the chemical reaction films including sulphide, sulphate and nitride is formed, which makes the friction factor of the duplex layer keep being the lowest and about 0.07, and the volume loss is reduced by 97% than that of the plain surface(rubbing for 10 min), and reduced by 92% and 21% than that of the sulphurized surface and the nitrocarburized surface, respectively.
Study on a New Series of DNA Dodecahedral Links
Authors: Yang Yan Mei , Di Jian Yong , Du Li Ping
Published: July 2011

A new methodology for understanding the construction of dodecahedral links has been developed on the basis of dodecahedron structure and DNA circles. Knots are interlaced cyclic structures while links are at least two cyclic structures mutually interlaced. A new series of DNA dodecahedral links have been given. By assigning an orientation to the links we analyze the knot invariant of these dodecahedral links. This study provides further insight into the molecular design, as well as theoretical characterization of the DNA catenanes.
Simulation and Fuzzy Control Strategy Analysis on 4WD Hybrid Electric Off-Road Vehicle
Authors: Zhu Sang Zhi , Wang Yu
Published: July 2011

Since last century, the exhausts of fossil fuel energy, excessive gas emission and global warming have been calling for the alternative methods to generate energy for vehicles urgently. The hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV), which is considered as a potential solution to solve this problem, has draw researchers’ attention. This paper mainly discusses the control strategy of HEV based on fuzzy logic. By using this control strategy, the work space and work efficiency of engine are optimized, which play a vital role on improvement of the operation performance of HEV. Meanwhile, the strategy has been applied to optimize the power balance of battery, which includes the characteristics of battery in the controller. Though the model based on Matlab/Simulink, the simulation results confirmed the excellent effectiveness of our control strategies, which optimized the fuel consumption of engine and the power balance of battery successfully.
Stress Spectrum Analysis on Steel Structure of Gantry Crane
Authors: Xiong Ling Hua , Wang Fan
Published: July 2011

Stess spectrum serves as prerequisite of analysis on fatigue failure, which is the major cause of malignant industrial accident. The dynamic load coefficient is calculated by allowing for dynamic response of steel structure in complete working cycle and regard steel structure and load as a vibraton system of two degrees of freedom. The load date and its statistical characteristic is collected.through observation of 600t-176m gantry crane in some ship-building base. Then based on Monte Carlo method, the load is simulated and loaded on finite element model. Finally the stress spectrum of key parts of structure is calculated.
Variability of WPT-Based Dynamic Identification of a Suspension Bridge under Changing Temperature, Wind and Traffic Conditions
Authors: Lin Ri Chang , Ding You Liang , Li Ai Qun , Deng Yang
Published: July 2011

This paper addresses the quantification of environmental variability of wavelet packet energy spectrum (WPES) extracted from the ambient dynamic responses of a suspension bridge using wavelet packet transform (WPT). The daily averaged WPES using multi-sample averaging technique are first obtained to eliminate the inherent randomness arising from the identification algorithm. Then the effect of temperature on the measured WPES is quantified using the seasonal correlation models. The traffic-induced and wind-induced variability are further quantitatively evaluated by establishing the traffic-WPES and wind-WPES correlation models. The analysis results reveal that temperature and inherent randomness are the critical sources causing WPES variability, and the WPES variability caused by wind speed and traffic loadings is negligible compared with temperature and inherent randomness. Considering seasonal correlation models of temperature-WPES can effectively eliminate the temperature effect and inherent randomness, it is suitable for structural damage warning of long-span bridges if future seasonal correlation models deviate from these normal models.
Experimental Study on Ammonia-Water Bubble Absorption in External Magnetic Field
Authors: Wu Wei Dong , Li Zeng Yang , Chen Sheng Xiang , Liu Si Mei
Published: July 2011

Absorber is a key component of absorption refrigeration system, in which there is a complicated heat and mass transfer. To improve the performance of absorber, the magnetic field was used as a enhancing way, the experiments of NH3/H2O bubble absorption in magnetic field were carried out. The results showed that the NH3/H2O bubble absorption can be strengthened by the magnetic field. Both AR(absorption rate) and EAR(effective absorption ratio) increase with the increase of magnetic intensity within the range of 0~280mT. The EAR is always higher than 1 when the external magnetic field exists. The EAR reaches the maximum 1.069 when the initial ammonia concentration is 20wt% and the magnetic intensity is 280mT. The primary strengthening mechanisms are also explained.
Reviews of Studying on Thermal Management System in EV/HEV Battery Pack
Authors: Wang Zhen Po , Lu Chun , Liu Peng
Published: July 2011

Keeping appropriate temperature of battery pack is crucial for EV/HEV’s safe operation and optimal performance. Existing literatures mainly concerned theoretical analysis on comparison of different cooling/heating methods and distribution of temperature field in a battery pack. This paper reviewes recent research about design, test and optimization of thermal management system, and presents a prediction of development. Further research should focus on coefficient-of-performance (COP) analysis, closed-cycle control of heating/cooling power, optimizing the theoretical designs and testing more battery packs.
Study on the Porous Media Used in Numerical Simulation of Temperature Characteristic for Isothermal Chambers
Authors: Yang Li Hong , Liu Da Hua
Published: July 2011

Isothermal chamber, which is fabricated by empty chamber stuffed with thin metal wires, is a kind of test devices for flow rate characteristics of pneumatic components, and its temperature characteristics are critical to the accuracy of test results. In this paper, the stuffers in isothermal chamber were considered as porous medium with large porosity, so the temperature characteristics could be studied by numerical simulation. Though there are differences between simulation and experiment, they have same trends and the law of variation can be seen from the simulation results, which demonstrates the reliability of numerical simulation. Consequently, simulation can be an efficient method, which is energy-saving and cost-reducing.
A System Dynamics Model for Water Quality Management - Waste Load Allocation
Authors: Yang Wei , Chen Miao Ju , Liu Ying , Jin Feng Yao
Published: July 2011

A simulation-based system dynamics (SD) model was developed for allocating the waste load and supporting river quality management. Panjin section of Liaohe River in China was used as a study case to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology. The national surface-water environment function zoning of Liaoning Province was presented as a constraint in order to calculate the maximum allowable waste quantity for COD, which is expressed as interval format of both upper bound and lower bound. Then allocate the waste load to each point source responses within these quantities. The study results simulated from SD model, together with the intervals-format uncertainties of allowable COD level is valuable for supporting decision makers in optimizing water quality management.
Effects of Substrate Bias Voltage on the Critical Failure Load of Cr-Al-N Coatings
Authors: Duo Shu Wang , Zhu Ming , Ge Jin Min , He Xiang Ming , Meng Liang
Published: July 2011

Cr-Al-N coatings with the thickness of about 2 mm have been prepared in a magnetron sputtering system by reactive co-sputtering from a chromium target and an aluminum target in a mixed Ar/N2atmosphere. The effects of substrate negative bias voltage (VB) on the microstructure and critical failure load have been investigated by a scratch test as the VB varied from 0 to –150 V. The critical failure load reached the maximum value for the coating deposited under VB = –50 V, then decreased with VB further increasing. Re-sputter effect of The heavy bombardment of the ion to the substrate improve the critical failure load for the coating deposited under VB = –50 V. The decrease of the critical failure loads for the coatings deposited under –100V and –150 V probably resulted from the high microstrain in the crystal lattice.
Influence of Operation Procedures on Vicat Softening Temperature of Thermoplastic Materials
Authors: Li Hou Bu , Li Qi , Yan Mi Lin
Published: July 2011

Vicat softening temperature (VST) is one of the most important parameters to evaluate heat resistance of thermoplastic materials. However, the initial test temperature is difficult to control, which may reduce the testing efficiency and the precision of VST. Moreover, according to the procedure of GB/T 1633-2000, the specimen should be placed horizontally under the indenting tip of unloaded rod for 5min. After that, add a sufficient weight to the weight-carrying plate, and then set the penetration indicator to zero to start the experiment. However, the waiting period between adding the extra mass and starting the test may be different during the real operation. Such longer or shorter waiting periods can also influence the tested VST. In this paper, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was used to discuss the influence of initial temperature and waiting period on its final VST. The results show that, in order to satisfy the practices of standard GB/T 1633-2000, the initial temperature and the waiting period should not exceed 40°C and 25min, respectively.
The Influence of Hadifield Steel-Bonded TiC Preparation Process on Microstructure and Properties
Authors: Rong Shou Fan , Liu Chuang , Guo Ji Wei , Wang Meng Xue , Liu Qin Lei
Published: July 2011

In the paper, we selected high manganese steel as the binder and titanium carbide as the hard phase, which could attain single austenite bonded titanium carbide after water toughening in order to combine excellent toughness of matrix with good wear resistance of TiC organically for some components that required excellent toughness and wearability. By dint of SEM, XRD etc. detection means, effects of ingredient proportion, preparation technics and heat treatment parameters on hardness, microstructure, and mechanical property were investigated; so the composition and preparation process of TiC cemented were confirmed, which was applied to grinding with large impact force.
Simplified Analysis Research on Ancient Chinese Timber Structure
Authors: Li Wei , Gao Da Feng , Cao Peng Nan , Ding Xin Jian
Published: July 2011

In order to study the inherent characteristics and aseismic characteristics of ancient Chinese structure, according to the reconstruction engineering data of the embrasured watchtower on Yong-Ning Gateway of Xi'an City Wall, two finite element models (local and whole models of large timber frame of the embrasured watchtower are built by applying semi-rigid spring element to simulate the mortise-tenon joint, the bracket set and the plinth (that is column base) joint in the real timber structure. The first 10 natural frequencies as well as corresponding vibration modes of the structure are obtained using the method of Block-Lanczos. With full transient analysis, considering time history analysis of two models under the three earthquake excitations of the El-Centro wave, Taft wave and the Lan-Zhou artificial wave, the model displacement and acceleration time history curves were got. By comparing the two model’s basic modeling parameters as well as, the relative errors of the frequencies, the vibration modes, the excitation effects and, the feasibility of using the local model instead of the whole model in the structural analysis were to be discussed one by one. the results show that the local model can stand for the whole model for structural analyzing. Based on the results, the analysis methods and the relevant conclusions could be referenced to study the preservation and the rehabilitation of the ancient Chinese timber structures.
Various Cooling Methods to Prepare Single Polytetrafluoroethylene Composites
Authors: Zhao Zeng Hua , Chen Jin Nan
Published: July 2011

Single polytetrafluoroethylene composites were prepared of cold compression molding and free sintering with various cooling conditions. The microstructure and properties of single polytetrafluoroethylene composites were investigated. The tensile and flexural properties of PTFE SPCs were investigated with various cooling conditions. The results show that The tensile strength and the tensile modulus of the samples cooling with the furnace are higher than these of the samples cooling by air, and cooling by water. The effect on flexural properties is the same to that on tensile strength. The structure of single polytetrafluoroethylene composites were analyzed by IR and SEM. It shows that cooling with the furnace is the better way for preparing of single polytetrafluoroethylene composites.