bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognosis and Influencing Factors of Early Microsurgery for Severe Hypertensive Brainstem Hemorrhage
Authors: Meng Xianbing , Wang Qian , Pei Xianguang , Xie Fangmin
Published: September 2022

Objective. To investigate the prognosis and influencing factors of early microsurgery for severe hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage. Methods. The clinical data of 19 patients with severe hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage treated in the Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University between January 2018 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical efficacy and risk factors affecting the prognosis were analyzed by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. Results. A total of 19 patients with severe hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage were treated by early microsurgery, including 14 cases by subtemporal approach and 5 cases by retrosigmoid approach. After 3 months of follow-up, 6 patients died and 13 patients survived. The 30-day and 90-day mortality rates were 21.1% and 31.6%, respectively, and the good prognosis rate was 15.4%. Univariate analysis showed that hematoma volume and hematoma clearance rate might be the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with severe hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage; the observed difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further confirmed that hematoma volume was an independent factor affecting the death of patients with brainstem hemorrhage (

P
<
0.05

), while hematoma volume (

B

: 2.909, OR: 18.332, 95% CI: 1.020–329.458,

P

: 0.048) was a risk factor. Conclusion. Hematoma volume resulted as an independent factor affecting the death of patients with severe hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage. Early microsurgical clearance of brainstem hematoma contributed to reducing the 30-day and 90-day mortality and improving the prognosis of patients.
Acquisition of English Corpus Machine Translation Based on Speech Recognition Technology
Authors: Jing Chunyan , Liu Guoying
Published: September 2022

In the present information age, with the rapid development of computer software and hardware technology and the mature manufacturing system of English-speaking enterprises, it is no longer impossible to use statistics for machine translation. The level and quality of machine translation are expected to meet human expectations. This explains the meaning and realization value of the acquisition of English corpus machine translation, introduces the basic principles of speech recognition technology, and combines the characteristics of the English language on the basis of the original Chinese speech recognition system, adopts the technical means of speech recognition, and leads to in-depth research. In the new era of machine translation acquisition of English corpus, we use the combination of LabVIEW and MATLAB to complete the collection, editing, feature extraction, and speech recognition of speech signals and use VQ pattern matching technology to realize the English recognition of a large number of short vocabulary and individuals. In the application part, we applied the classic LabVIEW technology to the speech recognition technology, which actually realized the idea of “software instead of hardware” and achieved better translation results. Experiments show that the accuracy rate of English machine translation can be as high as 94% when using speech recognition technology. According to the results, it takes about 0.2 seconds to complete machine translation for a 30-second speech, which is basically okay to achieve the effect of real-time translation.
Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Treating Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fu Shunlian , Sun Lisha , Chen Yiding , Zhou Qian , Yuan Lijun , Li Zinan , Chen Qiu
Published: September 2022

Background. Due to the limited treatment options in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in children, more effective treatments should be explored. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history in China, which has produced a pretty effect in clinical practice. Many randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have explored the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on treating AAD in children. However, there has been no systematic review or meta-analysis on the impact of TCM on AAD in children. The aim of this study was to systematically review RCTs on the effect of TCM in children with AAD. Methods. RCTs in the past ten years on TCM for AAD in children were included. We searched Electronic databases as much as possible. This paper was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022301034). Results. 26 studies were included in this systematic review. 25 studies reported the effects of TCM interventions on the total effective rate (RR = 1.20, CI 1.16 to 1.24;

p
<
0.001

). 7 studies reported the effects of TCM interventions on the time to change the shape of feces (MD = −1.37, CI −1.67 to −1.07;

p
<
0.001

). 17 studies reported the effects of TCM interventions (MD = −1.43, CI −1.71 to −1.15;

p
<
0.001

). The pooled results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4 : CD8, time for bowel sounds to return to normal, hs-CRP, and IgM. There was a significant difference between the two groups in frequency of diarrhea on the third day after TCM intervention, vomiting improvement time, diamine oxidase, IL-8, TNF, IgA, IgG, and average hospital stay. Conclusions. TCM interventions combined with conventional therapy can improve the therapeutic effect of AAD in children. However, future studies are still needed for the low methodological quality.
Comparison of Effectiveness as well as Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Dimensions of Hysterosalpingo-Contrast Sonography for Diagnosis of Lesions Associated with Female Infertility
Authors: Pei Rudi
Published: September 2022

Background and Objective. With social pressures and changes in lifestyle habits, the incidence of female infertility has increased in recent years. How to make timely and accurate assessment of the patency of the fallopian tubes in infertile women is of great importance in the clinical management of infertility. Therefore, this study aims to provide a reference for the future clinical application of hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different dimensions of HyCoSy for the diagnosis of female infertility. Methods. Forty subjects who underwent routine two-dimensional (2D) vaginal ultrasound, three-dimensional HyCoSy (3D-HyCoSy), and four-dimensional HyCoSy (4D-HyCoSy) examinations from January 2021 to July 2022 at the ultrasound department of Pukou Branch of Jiangsu Province Hospital were enrolled to this study. Fallopian tubal recanalization by hydrotubation (FTRH) was used as the gold standard to compare the efficacy of 2D vaginal ultrasound, 3D-HyCoSy, and 4D-HyCoSy in assessing the subjects for the presence of polyps, myomas, and other occupants in the uterine cavity or uterine adhesions. Results. A total of 18 cases of uterine cavity lesions, 11 of pelvic lesions, and 11 of ovarian lesions were identified by FTRH, while 80 fallopian tubes were found in 40 patients and 71 tubal obstructions were detected by FTRH. Vaginal ultrasound assessment of uterine cavity, pelvis, ovarian lesions, and tubal obstruction was moderately consistent with FTRH (

Kappa
=
0.616

, 0.673, 0.654, and 0.640), 3D-HyCoSy was in good agreement with FTRH (

Kappa
=
0.812

, 0.910, 0.906, and 0.894), and 4D-HyCoSy was in good agreement with FTRH (

Kappa
=
0.914

, 0.903, 1.000, and 0.942), with 4D-HyCoSy being in good agreement with FTRH had the highest agreement. Conclusion. 4D-HyCoSy can be used as an effective tool for clinical diagnosis of female tubal obstruction infertility and provide a reference basis for the design of subsequent clinical treatment plans.
[Retracted] Study on the Prescription of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy Based on Computer Vision Image Analysis
Authors: Xiong Jiangnan , Wang Yaqun
Published: September 2022

Cervical spondylosis (CS) is a common clinical orthopedic disease. Among cervical spondyloses, cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) is the most common. Its clinical manifestations are localized neck pain and radial numbness of the shoulder, upper arm, forearm, and even fingers. As far as the status quo is concerned, with the change of lifestyle and working style, the popularity of computer and other entertainment devices, people’s neck flexion time has increased significantly compared with the past, the incidence rate of CSR has also increased year by year, and the group of onset has become younger and younger. According to the symptoms, CSR in Chinese medicine belongs to the category of “arthralgia syndrome” and “bone arthralgia.” Western medicine has many side effects in the treatment of CSR, while surgical treatment is painful and expensive. Most patients are not willing to accept it. Traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture can relieve the pain, numbness, and other discomforts of CSR, and the acupuncture treatment has less trauma and is a simple operation. At present, there are few acupoint prescriptions for acupuncture in the treatment of CSR. Therefore, the analysis of acupuncture point selection based on computer vision image has important practical significance for the scientific and progressive exploration of CSR acupuncture treatment. In this paper, the etiology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of radical treatment of CS are deeply studied by using literature data and mathematical statistics. The prescription research experiment of acupuncture in the treatment of CSR based on computer was established, and the treatment method was studied by observing VAS, NPQ, and other indexes. The total effective rate was 95.13% in the experimental group and 85.72% in the control group. It is hoped that the research direction of this paper can provide reference for the diversified development of acupuncture and moxibustion and for the treatment ideas and methods of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.
Multifractal Early Warning Signals about Sudden Changes in the Stock Exchange States
Authors: Dmitriev Andrey , Lebedev Andrey , Kornilov Vasily , Dmitriev Victor
Published: September 2022

Critical phenomena in stock exchange are regularly occurring and difficult to predict events, often leading to disastrous consequences. The presented paper is devoted to the search and research of early warning signals of critical transitions in stock exchange based on the results of a multifractal analysis of a series of transactions in shares of public companies. We have proposed and justified the use of certain features of behavior of multifractal spectrum shape parameters such as signals. As model time series, on which methods of multifractal analysis were tested, we used a series of the number of unstable sites of the sandpile automaton on the random Erdős–Rényi graph, self‐organizing into critical and bistable states. It was found that the early warning signals for both cellular automata and stock exchanges are an increase in the magnitude of the maximum position, a decrease in the width, and a decrease, followed by a sharp increase, in the value of the spectrum asymmetry parameter.
LAAP: Lightweight Anonymous Authentication Protocol for IoT Edge Devices Based on Elliptic Curve
Authors: Zhu Xinghui , Ren Zhong , He Ji , Ren Baoquan , Zhao Shuangrui , Zhang Pinchang
Published: September 2022

The massive heterogeneous devices and open channels of the Internet of Things (IoT) lead to low efficiency and privacy leakage in the authentication process, which brings great challenges to identity authentication. This paper focuses on the anonymous authentication between the IoT edge device and the cloud server. In this work, we first propose a novel lightweight anonymous authentication protocol (LAAP) to meet security and efficiency requirements. Especially, the proposed protocol uses dynamic pseudonyms to prevent the traceable attacks caused by fixed identity identification and also uses symmetric encryption to optimize the server’s search for anonymous device information, and the time complexity is reduced from

O

n

to

O

1

. Then, the formal security analysis and informal security analysis are provided to prove the security of the proposed protocol. Finally, extensive numerical results indicate that the proposed LAAP protocol is superior to the benchmarks in terms of computing overhead and communication overhead, while the storage overhead is consistent with the lowest level among other protocols.
Could the Incentive Policy of Shared Parking Be Sustainable? The Viewpoint of Personal Risk Aversion
Authors: Gao Liangpeng , Zheng Yue , Jian Wenliang , Ji Yanjie , Tang Dounan
Published: September 2022

Using an incentive measure to encourage people to share their private parking spaces could be an effective strategy for urban parking problems. This paper discusses an innovative mechanism of shared parking, “FlexPass,” which applies a reverse auction in which drivers propose bids in line with their individual expectations to share their idle parking spaces. The auction mechanism, hypotheses on bidding process principles, the competitive environment, and the risk-averse decisions of providers with regard to parking spaces are analysed to explore the sustainability of the economic benefits obtained for FlexPass parking spaces. A total of 216 respondents from the University of California, Berkeley, were invited to participate in bidding in an actual survey during their daily use of parking spaces. The analytical results show that operational rules based on risk aversion can enable profit-seeking with a bounded capability to obtain considerable economic benefits and release parking resources in an environment of demand competition. Particularly in some scenarios, FlexPass would sacrifice a certain monetary income to ensure the perceived benefits of parking space providers. With the improvement of people’s enthusiasm for participating in shared parking, the benefits to individuals and parking lots would be further enhanced, suggesting that our mechanism can operate sustainably over the long term. These findings are helpful for policymakers to formulate feasible shared parking policies from the perspective of monetary incentives.
Key Interpretation Challenges for Wastewater-Based Epidemiology of Illicit Drugs: A Norwegian Three-City Case Study
Authors: Bretteville-Jensen Anne Line , Amundsen Ellen J. , Mounteney Jane
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a timely, non-invasive, and cost-effective indicator of illicit drug consumption. It is increasingly used by international organizations as a proxy measure for estimates of drug prevalence and related trends. Nevertheless, the literature exploring the limitations of WBE remains limited. This paper aims to shed further light on important shortcomings of WBE with recommendations on moving forward. Method: Utilizing case study and statistical analysis, the paper critically reviews methodological challenges associated with WBE results related to (i) levels, (ii) trends, and (iii) between-city comparisons of drug use. Data from raw influent wastewater samples from wastewater plants in the cities of Oslo, Bergen and Stavanger/Sandnes were analysed for amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, and cocaine (benzoylecgonine) over a 3-year period. Normalized population loads were calculated and variation in daily loads analysed with plots and estimation of means, confidence intervals, and coefficient of variation. Linear regression models examined trends and between-city differences. Results: Plots and statistical analyses revealed extensive variation in daily loads, with min/max values of 6.1/453.9 mg/day per 1,000 inhabitants 15–64 years for amphetamine and correspondingly 9.4/675.9 mg for methamphetamine. Substantial differences in load levels and patterns across time and plants were also observed. A carefully designed sampling procedure and a relatively large number of daily samples are required to obtain estimates of sufficient precision for determining trends in space or time. Cross-referencing with alternative trend variables can improve the interpretation of WBE trend indicators. Finally, when using mean load levels for different wastewater-treatment plants to assess spatial variation in drug use, the representativeness of the catchment area should be evaluated before interpreting observed changes as city differences. Conclusion: Although WBE is a useful supplementary indicator of illicit drug consumption, important methodological issues and potential shortcomings should be taken into account when designing sampling procedures and interpreting the analytical results.
The Effect of Warm Compress and Proper Perineal Support Technique on Prevention of Severe Perineal Trauma
Authors: Faraz Saima , Vasudevan Vandana , Ahmed Huda Manea Ali , Varghese Daisy , Augustine Nancy , Pillai Ushakumari V. , Ammar Abeer , Aftab Nighat
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Vaginal deliveries are frequently linked with genital tract damage, and rips affecting the anal sphincter or mucosa (third- and fourth-degree tears) can cause major complications. To prevent harm, several perineal methods are employed to slow down the delivery of the baby’s head and allow the perineum to extend gently. Midwives all across the globe employ massage, warm compresses, and various perineal care techniques. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of warm compress and perineal support on prevention of severe perineal trauma among primiparous women. Design: This study was a quasi-experimental study. Settings: The study settings included tertiary care hospital settings affiliated with the academic center in the UAE. Patients and Methods: Around 192 females were consecutively divided into 2 age-matched groups. Group 1 had 99 patients in which warm perineal compresses were applied in addition to perineal support, and no episiotomy was performed. There were 93 control patients in group 2 who were just given perineal support, and prophylactic episiotomy was performed. Main Outcomes Measured: Maternal risk factors such as an unhealthy perineum and short perineum were noted. The fetal risk factors such as large for gestational age, shoulder dystocia, and occipito-posterior position were also noted. Peripartum data of instrumental delivery, long stage two of delivery, oxytocin augmentation, epidural use, pushing technique, delivery position, and degree of perineal tear were also evaluated. Result: Neither maternal risk factors nor fetal factors were significant between the two groups. However, in peripartum characteristics, instrumental deliveries (17 [18.3%] vs. 0 [0%] p value <0.001) and lithotomy position (53 [57%] vs. 0 [0%] p value <0.001) were significantly more common in the control group. Other risk factors such as oxytocin augmentation, prolonged second stage, and epidural use did not differ significantly between the two groups. Warm compresses prevented severe perineal tears in group 1. Group 1 showed statistically significant (p value <0.001) reduction in severe (grade 2 and 3 tear) form of perineal injury during the second stage of labor. Conclusion: Warm perineal compresses in primigravida females during the second stage of labor may help prevent severe perineal injuries and reduce the incidence of instrumental delivery as well as lithotomy position requirement.
Wideband Tympanometry: Normative Data for Young Iranian Adults
Authors: Habibi Zahra , Sepehrnejad Mahsa , Rahimi Ghooradel Farshid , Nilforoush Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The middle ear sound transmission features can impact acoustic sounds reaching the inner ear. Wideband tympanometry (WBT) or wideband acoustic immittance is an effective and desirable measurement of conductive conditions in newborns and adults and has appropriate sensitivity to distinguish different pathologies like otosclerosis from other middle ear conflicts. Recently, there has been an increased utilization of WBT, which highlights the importance of collecting population-based normative data as a necessary step in the standardization of this test, as well as for its clinical application. This study aimed to obtain normative data on WBT in the adult Iranian ethnic. Methods: There were 101 participants (202 ears) consisting of 53 males (57.4%) and 48 females (42.6%) in the age range of 19–29 years. The Titan WBT device (Interacoustics, Assens, Denmark) was used for WBT measurements. The broadband click was utilized as the probe tone between frequencies of 250 Hz and 8,000 Hz. All the participants underwent ear, nose, and throat assessments, pure-tone audiometry, and conventional tympanometry (226 Hz). Features like equivalent ear canal volume (Veq), tympanometric peak pressure, gradient, resonance frequency (RF), energy absorbance (EA), and admittance (Ad) were tested. Results: In this cross-sectional study, 202 ears were tested for WBT. EA increased by frequency enhancement; at 1 kHz and 2 kHz the EA was the most prominent; at 2,519 Hz, it started decreasing, and at 8 kHz, there was a slight increase. There was also a significant difference in the Veq and Ad between males and females. Studies have shown that the Veq may vary between male and female subjects based on body size. Conclusion: In this study, normative data for the WBT were obtained from young Iranian adults with normal hearing ranges and middle ear conditions. We hope that this study and the resulting norm will provide a basis for increasing the use of WBT in Iranian diagnostic and clinical practices.
Lights and Shadows: Lived Experiences of Guidance Advocates in the Prac-tice of Ethical Bracketing
Authors: Decena Aileen Joy B. , Singson Deborah Natalia E.
Published: September 2022

Due to the limited number of registered guidance counselors (RGCs) in the Philippines, public high schools are compelled to appoint classroom teachers as guidance advocates and perform the duties and responsibilities of an RGC, specifically facilitating counseling to learners. With their lack of training and fundamental knowledge, differing orientations, and demanding and overlapping work as classroom teachers and at the same time as guidance advocates, the participants are having difficulty practicing one of the ethical codes in the counseling profession – ethical bracketing; thus, its delivery is put to jeopardy. This study used descriptive phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experiences of guidance advocates on their practice of ethical bracketing in facilitating counseling services. Data were collected via unstructured in-depth interviews and analyzed using Lichtman’s three (3) C’s of Data Analysis, retaining only relevant themes: predicaments in ethical bracketing, factors for good ethical bracketing, transformation through counseling experiences, and counseling practice as a calling. The participants did not just overcome the challenges they had faced in practice but experienced transformations that significantly impacted their perspective about themselves, their counselees, and the counseling profession. The findings of this study serve as baseline information in creating a training program that can address the concerns of the guidance advocates on their practice of ethical bracketing in facilitating counseling services.
Satisfactions of Customers by Using Online Food Application Services During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rosa Honeylyn R. Dela , Separa Lenis Aislinn C.
Published: September 2022

Food businesses benefit from an online food ordering and delivery framework. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence overall consumer satisfaction with online food delivery providers. The demographic information of the respondents was discussed in this study. Furthermore, this study also revealed a significant difference between respondents' perceptions of e-services and the variables listed in the study's objectives.

The researchers used a quantitative approach to identify the factors that influence consumers' overall satisfaction with online food delivery services. To collect information from the respondents, the researchers used a convenience and snowball sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to depict the respondent profile. The Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used to determine the difference in e-satisfaction between female and male respondents, while the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the difference in e-satisfaction of respondents when grouped by age.

The Spearman rho was used to see if there was a link between personal aspect, E-Service Quality, and Perceived Food Quality and e-satisfaction. The study found a significant relationship between personal aspect, E-Service Quality, and Perceived Food Quality and e-satisfaction.

In terms of gender, most of the respondents are male, with 51.3%, and for the age of respondents, 29 to 40 years old. In terms of employment status, employed with a total of 162 and 61.60% has participated in the study. income salary, 50,000 and above are the highest, with a frequency of 64 and a percentage of 27.71%.
LncRNA PSR Regulates Vascular Remodeling Through Encoding a Novel Protein Arteridin
Authors: Yu Junyi , Wang Wei , Yang Jining , Zhang Ye , Gong Xue , Luo Hao , Cao Nian , Xu Zaicheng , Tian Miao , Yang Peili , Mei Qiao , Chen Zhi , Li Zhuxin , Li Chuanwei , Duan Xudong , Lyu Qing Rex , Gao Chen , Zhang Bing , Wang Yibin , Wu Gengze , Zeng Chunyu
Published: September 2022

Rationale:

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotype switch from contractile to proliferative phenotype is a pathological hallmark in various cardiovascular diseases. Recently, a subset of long noncoding RNAs was identified to produce functional polypeptides. However, the functional impact and regulatory mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs in VSMCs phenotype switching remain to be fully elucidated.

Objectives:

To illustrate the biological function and mechanism of a VSMC-enriched long noncoding RNA and its encoded peptide in VSMC phenotype switching and vascular remodeling.

Results:

We identified a VSMC-enriched transcript encoded by a previously uncharacterized gene, which we called phenotype switching regulator (
PSR
), which was markedly upregulated during vascular remodeling. Although PSR was annotated as a long noncoding RNA, we demonstrated that the lncPSR (PSR transcript) also encoded a protein, which we named arteridin. In VSMCs, both arteridin and lncPSR were necessary and sufficient to induce phenotype switching. Mechanistically, arteridin and lncPSR regulate downstream genes by directly interacting with a transcription factor YBX1 (Y-box binding protein 1) and modulating its nuclear translocation and chromatin targeting. Intriguingly, the PSR transcription was also robustly induced by arteridin. More importantly, the loss of PSR gene or arteridin protein significantly attenuated the vascular remodeling induced by carotid arterial injury. In addition, VSMC-specific inhibition of lncPSR using adeno-associated virus attenuated Ang II (angiotensin II)–induced hypertensive vascular remodeling.

Conclusions:

PSR is a VSMC-enriched gene, and its transcript IncPSR and encoded protein (arteridin) coordinately regulate transcriptional reprogramming through a shared interacting partner, YBX1. This is a previously uncharacterized regulatory circuit in VSMC phenotype switching during vascular remodeling, with lncPSR/arteridin as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of VSMC phenotype switching–related vascular remodeling.
Inverse Linking and Extraposition
Authors: Thoms Gary
Published: September 2022

Abstract: This squib makes the observation that inverse linking readings are dependent on extraposition of the embedded quantifier to a higher position within the nominal. Evidence comes from cases where there is an additional modifier in the nominal, which indicates whether or not extraposition has taken place; when the PP containing the second quantifier is not extraposed, it does not take wide scope of the embedding quantifier.
On Social Diplomacy
Authors: Faizullaev Alisher
Published: September 2022

Diplomatic studies are becoming more open to social ideas, and a growing number of scholars are looking at diplomacy as a social practice. At the same time, diplomacy itself is in greater demand in increasingly complex societies, both international and domestic. This article analyses diplomacy between socially defined actors and complements the ideas of social diplomacy outlined in my book Diplomacy for Professionals and Everyone (Leiden: Brill, 2022). Since the social is essentially interconnectional, interactional and relational, I explore social diplomacy that takes place between purposive social entities, such as individuals, groups, organisations and states, and their aggregations, by focusing on their means of engagement, interaction and relationship-building. Diplomacy has always been regarded as a mission, and social diplomacy can be considered a goodwill mission that involves constructive engagement and dialogical interaction between parties to create a social good, most notably positive relationships.
A Values-Based Approach for Development: An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Deif (أحمد ضيف) Ahmed M. , Cochrane (لوجان كوكران) Logan
Published: September 2022

Recurrent and concurrent crises call for new development paradigms, as dominant theories of economic development are not fostering equity or sustainability. We argue that part of the reason is that the conceptualization of development, and the resulting metrics driving decision-making, are narrow. Building on work that proposes adding values/ethics as a fourth pillar to development, along with economic, environmental, and social pillars, this article presents an Islamic perspective of how values-based development would differ from the dominant, contemporary forms. While rooted in a specific perspective and worldview, it has great relevance as approximately a quarter of humanity adheres to the faith. We offer a holistic, values-based approach to development, drawing on classical foundations and contemporary lessons, rooted in a different epistemic and ideological orientation. On this basis, we highlight five values that could be the foundation for re-orienting development: vicegerency, justice, excellence, tranquility, and freedom. Integrating these values in a fourth, values-based pillar of development alters the conceptualization and the metrics of development, resulting in processes driven by different objectives for individuals and societies.
الآثار الإسلاميّة في القسطنطينيّة
Authors: Cheikh (ناديا ماريا الشيخ) Nadia Maria
Published: September 2022

المستخلص

يركّز هذا البحث على آثار المعالم الإسلاميّة التاريخيّة في القسطنطينيّة. فالنصوص الإسلاميّة تحيل إلى منشآت ومعالم للمسلمين في العاصمة البيزنطيّة، وفي طليعتها المساجد والأضرحة. وتُعَدّ الآثار النصّيّة لهذه المعالم قيّمةً جدًّا، خاصّةً تلك المتعلّقة بالمساجد، لأن لا دليل مادّيّ يؤكّد وجودها. وترتبط أبرز المعالم الإسلاميّة في القسطنطينيّة بحملات المسلمين الأولى ضدّ العاصمة البيزنطيّة، أي قبر الصحابيّ أبي أيّوب الأنصاريّ (ت نحو 50‫/‬670)، ومسجد مسلمة بن عبد الملك (ت 121‫/‬738)، قائد إحدى الحملات بين عامي 97–99‫/‬715–717. يتتبّع البحث آثار هذين المعلمينِ البارزينِ وصولًا إلى تاريخ سقوط القسطنطينيّة في يد العثمانيّين عام 857‫/‬1453‫.‬
الاحتفاء بالأثر والآثار في التصوّف الإسلاميّ
Authors: Abdo (خالد محمدّ عبده) Khalid Mohammed
Published: September 2022

المستخلَص

‫يقارب البحث موضوع الأثر في الأدبيّات الصوفيّة، ويحاول إلقاء الضوء على استخدام مفردة الأثر ومشتقّاتها في التراث الصوفيّ، ويؤصّل لذلك من كتب الصوفيّة الأوائل، وبصورة خاصّة الحارث المحاسبيّ (ت 857‫\‬243)، ومَن خلفه من أعلام التصوّف كأبي نصر السرّاج (ت 988‫\‬378)، والقشيريّ (ت 1072‫\‬465)، وغيرهما. ثمّ يشير إلى تطوّر المفردة وارتباطها بالسياحة الصوفيّة، ويستشهد على ذلك بأبي سالم العيّاشيّ (ت 1679‫\‬1090) من صوفيّة المغرب؛ إذ ارتبطت أعماله بسياحاته في البلدان ومعاينته للآثار على مستوى الأماكن والمقامات والتراث المخطوط.‬
Cost and Affordability of School Uniform and Child Poverty
Authors: Shanks Rachel , McKinney Stephen J.
Published: September 2022

Although there are no attendance or registration fees in the UK for publicly funded school education there are hidden costs in attending compulsory education. This article investigates one of the hidden costs: school uniform. We investigate the affordability of school uniform in Scotland, looking at what is required in school uniform policy (class uniform and Physical Education kit), the costs of uniform and to what extent the national minimum clothing grant makes uniform affordable for households on low incomes. For this research we use a unique national dataset of the school uniform policies of all 357 publicly funded secondary schools in Scotland and responses to Freedom of Information requests sent to all local authorities (n = 30). From analysis of the uniform policies and the requirements and application processes for the national minimum clothing grant we are able to draw together recommendations for the Scottish Government, local authorities and schools. We also found a compelling need for detailed data collection on how much it costs to clothe children for a whole school year.
Stachys milasensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Turkey
Authors: GÜNER ÖZAL
Published: September 2022

Stachys, among the largest genera of Lamiaceae, includes approximately 370 species (435 taxa) and has a subcosmopolitan distribution. Here, based on their distinctive features of morphological characters, Muğla (Turkey) specimens are determined to represent a distinct species than relevant Stachys species in Turkey and Greece. Stachys milasensis Ö.Güner, described as a new species, belongs to section Swainsoniana and is an endemic species to Turkey. The newly described species shows affinity with S. swainsonii growing in Greece but differs from it in dense villous flowering stems, ovate to oblong-lanceolate cauline leaves, bilabiate calyx and oblong-ovate calyx teeth and oblong-ovate nutlets. In addition to morphological differences, the new species is geographically isolated from S. swainsonii. With this addition, the number of Turkish Stachys species has reached 94 (121 taxa), and 65 (53.7%) of these taxa are endemic.
One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of CuO Micro-Crystals for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors
Authors: Ji Xiaoxu , Yang Yan , Wang Aihua , Zhao Qinghuai
Published: September 2022

CuO micro-crystals have been synthesized by a one-step, large-scale and environment-friendly hydrothermal route. The crystalline structure, morphology, valence state and elemental composition of the CuO micro-crystals were analyzed using different technologies. Cyclic voltammetry and
chronoamperometry were studied to probe the electrochemical glucose oxidation properties of the CuO electrode, revealing excellent electrocatalytic performance with fast response time, low detection limit and applicable linear detection range. In addition, it shows good selectivity to glucose
when there are interferences coexisting in the human blood. All these results imply the potential application of the sample as electrode materials of non-enzymatic glucose sensors.
Investigating the Photocatalytic Degradation of N-Chloropiperidine in Aqueous Solution by Utilizing TiO2 Under Blacklight Illumination
Authors: Bawazeer Tanahi M.
Published: September 2022

In the current study, the possibility to degrade N-chloropiperidine (C5H10NCl) by photocatalysis technique was investigated for the first time. Three commercially available TiO2 materials were applied in the degradation of N-chloropiperidine in aqueous
solution under ultraviolet illumination. The efficiency of the three types of TiO2 as well as the effect of catalyst loading, initial N-chloropiperidine concentration, and formation of anions during the degradation were studied. Experimental results show that the N-chloropiperidine
degradation by TiO2 follows first order kinetics with rate constant values varied from 0.0377 to 0.0948 min−1. The optimum concentration of the applied photocatalyst was 0.5 g/L, while increasing the loading behind this concentration yields an obvious decrease in
the photocatalytic activity. Increasing the initial concentration of N-chloropiperidine aqueous solution from 10 to 30 mg/L, leads to an obvious decrease in the rate constant. More than 90% of N-chloropiperidine (10 mg/L) solution decomposed within 20 min versus 40 min for higher initial concentrations
(30 mg/L). Some of the detected anions during the photocatalytic process were NO−2, NO−3 and Cl−. NO−2 ions were detected as an intermediate while NO−3 ions were
produced as a result of the degradation process.
Microplastics in soil and freshwater: Understanding sources, distribution, potential impacts, and regulations for management
Authors: Raza Maimoona , Lee Jin-Yong , Cha Jihye
Published: September 2022

Plastic debris is a complex and persistent environmental contaminant that has received a high amount of attention in the last few years. Understanding the sources, transport, fate, occurrence, and health risks of microplastics (MPs) in the environment is essential as millions of tons of plastic are manufactured and released into the environment. There is a high possibility that MPs will accumulate and retain within continental environments and have effects on the environment and human health. This review elucidates the outcomes of studies related to the prevalence, transport, fate, and health risks of MPs in soil and freshwater environments. The review shows that the sources of MPs are diverse and extensive and their occurrence, transport, fate, and health risks in the environment are affected by their physico-chemical characteristics and by natural factors. Implemented legislation or regulatory plans to reduce MPs contamination of the environment have been reviewed in this study. Moreover, management options are presented.
THE ISRAELI‐PALESTINIAN‐JORDANIAN CONFEDERATION ALTERNATIVE
Authors: Schenker Hillel
Published: September 2022

There is an international consensus that the two‐state solution, the establishment of a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza with East Jerusalem as its capital, should be the basis for the resolution of the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict. Given the current right‐wing tendencies within Israeli politics, I ask if the way to break the current impasse in Israeli‐Palestinian relations might be to try to return the Jordanian factor to the equation as Alon Ben‐Meir has recently proposed.
Identity Within Architecture: A Gulf Arabian Visual Rhetoric Project
Authors: Williams Joseph
Published: September 2022

The architecture of Texas A&M University at Qatar (TAMUQ), set up under Her Highness Sheikha Moza Al-Misnedd and the Qatar Foundation, spatially embodies new possibilities because AIA Gold Medal award-winning architect Ricardo Legorreta designed buildings that both challenge and encompass Gulf Arabian tradition. The buildings exemplify, enact, and embody new ways of experiencing gendered educational identity that also honors traditional local values. This architecture is important because TAMUQ is a U.S. institution that serves several different international student populations. This article emphasizes how TAMUQ functions as a heterotopia, one which creates embodied experiences of gender, education, and identity and requires what Rogoff termed “a curious eye” to discern how these educational spaces reflect changing identities in the Gulf states.
The politics of sanitization: Pandemic crisis, migration and development in Asia-Pacific
Authors: Chan Yuk Wah , Lan Pei-Chia
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 has resulted in new anxieties about the risks and dangers involved in human mobility and forced governments to simultaneously re-engineer policies for temporary health control and longer-term border-crossing and migration policies; characterized by the sanitization of space and mobility. This special issue considers the policies, including health and non-health measures, that have impacts on migrant workers and migration. While COVID control measures are often phrased in medical language and policy discourses, they often serve multiple goals including political and social control. The papers in this issue cover different places in Asia and the Pacific. We propose the "politics of sanitization" as a conceptual framework to examine the multiple dimensions of state governance and the variegated impacts upon migrants, including: (1) sanitizing space and borders, (2) stigmatization and sanitizing migrants’ bodies, (3) sanitizing ethnic borders and the national body, and (4) reorganizing the borders of sanitization and membership of society.
To know or not to know? Exploring COVID-19 information seeking with the risk information seeking and processing model
Authors: Jin Xianlin , Lane Derek
Published: September 2022

To cope with the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce uncertainty, the public needs accurate and timely information. Inspired by the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model, this article discovers the significant predictors of individuals’ COVID-19 information-seeking intention and behaviour. Overall, 394 adult participants from 47 states completed this study’s online survey. The hierarchical regression analysis reveals that risk experience and informational subjective norms are the most substantial predictors of individuals’ online information-seeking behaviour about COVID-19. Information insufficiency did not predict information seeking, and participants tend to overestimate their knowledge about COVID-19. RISP variables tend to share power in explaining the variances of information-seeking behaviour. Moreover, both channel beliefs and perceived information gathering capacity moderate information insufficiency’s prediction of information-seeking intention. These findings will assist researchers in discovering the fundamental motivation of information seeking. This article can guide pragmatic interventions to reduce the public’s uncertainty and mitigate the risk.
Mapping the Household State: Treatment of Disobedient Children in Early Modern Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Jansson Karin Hassan , Koefoed Nina Javette
Published: September 2022

This article offers a comparative analysis of the early modern Danish and Swedish Household state in relation to the treatment of “disobedient” children. It uses law codes and court records to explore the dynamic relationship between the household and state, arguing that contrasting patterns are apparent despite the common features of absolutism, agrarian, and mono-confessional Lutheranism. In Denmark, the state often responded to such cases by arrogating the power of the household and removing children from their care. In Sweden, the state upheld and sought to educate the household and relied upon parents to carry out appropriate chastisements of its junior members.
Evolutionary game model of construction enterprises and construction material manufacturers in the construction and demolition waste resource utilization
Authors: Shao Zhiguo , Li Mengdi , Han Chuanfeng , Meng Lingpeng
Published: September 2022

With the continuous advancement of urbanization, a huge amount of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is generated in large-scaled construction activities, which has aggravated the problem of environmental pollution, waste of resources and destruction of city appearance. In the context of waste-free city, the recycling of CDW can reduce environmental pollution and promote the sustainable development of a city. However, only 20–30% of CDW in the world is recycled, showing a low rate of global CDW utilization. In order to improve the utilization rate, this paper selects construction enterprises and construction material manufacturers as main participants, applies evolutionary game theory to construct an evolutionary game model on the two parties’ decision-making behaviors in CDW recycling, and uses MATLAB to make a numerical simulation. The aim of the model is to analyze the influence of various factors on the parties’ decision-making behavior evolution and propose strategies to promote CDW utilization. The study found that the stable state of the CDW resource utilization system mainly depends on the difference between revenue and costs, the initial strategy, and the strength of the external environment; for the government, a supervision strategy is found to be necessary, and the best supervision level is 0.6. In the early stage of resource utilization of CDW, subsidies to construction material manufacturers should be increased to improve their initial participation; public participation can effectively improve the efficiency of government supervision, and its optimal participation level is greater than or equal to 0.4; under weak supervision, government penalty increases alone cannot prevent construction enterprises from illegally disposing of CDW. Therefore, the greater the difference, the positive the initial strategy, and the stronger the external environment, the more the behavior of the two participants tends to be {participation, use}. The results show that the government should establish effective supervision mechanisms and legal systems, improve supervision hotlines and information platforms, encourage the public to participate in CDW management and supervision, set appropriate rewards and punishments, strengthen supervision and management levels, reduce supervision costs, and ensure the effectiveness of construction management to improve the efficiency of cooperation between construction enterprises and construction material manufacturers.
Duration of Dementia and Social Service Use in the U.S.-Born and Foreign-Born Mexican-American Population
Authors: Angel Jacqueline L. , Rote Sunshine , Vega William A. , Kim Jiwon , Chiu Chi-Tsun , Aranda Maria , Wang Juwen
Published: September 2022

Objective

The study estimates the number of years after age 65 that Mexican Americans live with likely dementia and the impact of dementia on community-based services (CBS) use by nativity.

Methods

Using the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly Sullivan methods are employed to predict duration of dementia and logistic regressions identify the predictors of service utilization.

Results

Foreign-born women spend more years than other groups with dementia. The foreign-born are more likely to use out-of-home services, whereas U.S.-born are more likely to use in-home services. The foreign-born with dementia of relatively recent onset had the highest probability of service use.

Discussion

Given the high cost of institutional care and availability of family caregivers, community-based services are a potentially useful alternative for the growing Mexican-American population living with dementia. Expanded Medicaid and CBS programs could be an equitable and cost-effective alternative that should be investigated.