bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da qualidade de vida antes e após terapia com dança sênior em pacientes hemiparéticos pós-AVE
Authors: Carvalho Patricia Cristina de , Santos Lucas Andreo Dias Dos , Silva Soraia Micaela , Cavalli Silvia Sper , Corrêa João Carlos Ferrari , Corrêa Fernanda Ishida
Published: March 2013

Introdução: A dança pode melhorar a qualidade de vida (QV) de pessoas que apresentam algum comprometimento psicomotor, porém, nada foi encontrado sobre a dança sênior para pacientes neurológicos. Objetivo: Avaliar a QV em pacientes hemiparéticos pós-AVE, antes e após terapia com dança sênior. Metodologia: Selecionaram-se oito hemiparéticos e foram aplicados dois questionários de QV, SF-36 e SS-QOL. As sessões de terapia com dança sênior, realizadas na clínica de Fisioterapia da Uninove, tiveram duração de uma hora, duas vezes por semana, totalizando 24 sessões. Ao final, os questionários foram reaplicados. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva para caracterização da amostra, após os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade Kolmogorov-Smirnov e teste Wilcoxon. Estabeleceu-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante na QV, sendo SF-36 (p=0,05) e SS-QOL (p=0,01). Conclusão: O estudo mostrou resultados positivos, pois houve uma melhora significativa na qualidade de vida dos pacientes que participaram da dança.
Ajustes agudos, subagudos e crônicos da pressão arterial ao exercício resistido
Authors: Rocha Alexandre Correia , Moraes-Silva Ivana C , Sartori Michelle , De Angelis Kátia
Published: March 2013

Objetivo: Investigar na literatura as alterações cardiovasculares agudas, subagudas e crônicas diante do exercício resistido (ER). Método: Realizou-se uma pesquisa nos indexadores SciELO, Medline e PubMed, com os termos: hipertensão arterial sistêmica, pressão arterial, hipotensão pós-exercício, exercício resistido, exercício de força e treinamento resistido, em artigos publicados nos últimos 25 anos. Foram incluídos nesta revisão 27 artigos. Resultados: O ER pode gerar alterações agudas, subagudas e crônicas na pressão arterial (PA) e essas são influenciadas principalmente pela intensidade do exercício, número de exercícios e massa muscular envolvida. Além disso, o papel do ER na redução da PA ainda não está totalmente esclarecido, principalmente em hipertensos. Conclusão: O ER, quando realizado em intensidade adequada e com a devida supervisão profissional, proporciona melhoras osteomusculares além de reduzir ou manter os níveis de PA e, dessa forma, não deve ser negligenciado em programas de treinamento físico voltado para a saúde.
Equilíbrio e risco de quedas em crianças com deficiência visual
Authors: Aguiar de Andrade Cristiele Dariane , Cavallari da Costa Gois Márcia Larissa , Victorio Vitor Leonardo George , Chemouni Raio Jaqueline , Cremasco Zechim Fernanda , Da Silva Rubens Alexandre , Shizuko Fujisawa Dirce
Published: March 2013

Introdução: O comprometimento do sistema visual pode reduzir a estabilidade, resultando em aumento da oscilação corporal e/ou alteração da estratégia de movimento. Objetivo: Avaliar o equilíbrio em crianças com deficiência visual (DV), em fase escolar. Métodos: Foram avaliados cinco participantes, com diagnóstico de baixa visão (P1 e P5) e cegueira total (P2, P3 e P4). A avaliação foi realizada por meio de questionário, aplicação de teste clínico e avaliação do equilíbrio (EEP e PF BIOMEC 400). Resultados: O escore total da EEP de P1, P2 e P4 foi 56 pontos; de P3, 53; e de P5, 55 pontos. Na PF, P1 e P5 obtiveram melhor manutenção do equilíbrio. Todos os participantes apresentaram dificuldade em ficar em apoio unipodal. Conclusão: As crianças com DV são capazes de realizar as AVDs, mas podem apresentar maior risco de quedas, principalmente nas que exigem a posição unipodal.
Desenvolvimento de aparelho de diapasão como uma ferramenta auxiliar nas manobras de higiene brônquica para fisioterapeutas
Authors: De Alcântara José Roberto , Dos Santos Rodrigo Leonel , Albino Daniel Donaire , Manzano Roberta Munhoz
Published: March 2013

Introdução: O diapasão terapêutico com a finalidade de higiene brônquica ainda não foi descrito na literatura. Espera-se que um diapasão com frequência fixa de 25 Hz seja capaz de gerar vibrações dentro do tórax, facilitando a higiene brônquica. Objetivo: Desenvolver um aparelho de diapasão e calibrá-lo a uma frequência fixa de 25 Hz. Métodos: O diapasão foi confeccionado em aço trefilado utilizando máquinas de tornearia para curvar, moldar e soldar o aço. Após a confecção, a frequência gerada pelo aparelho foi avaliada com um osciloscópio digital. Resultados: O equipamento foi confeccionado em formato de forquilha, com peso de 492 gramas, comprimento de 624 mm, contendo um transdutor de 62 mm e espessura de 5/16 mm (8’), uma haste removível de 148 mm e um garfo de 362 mm de comprimento. O equipamento atingiu frequência fixa de 25 Hz. Conclusões: O diapasão atingiu a frequência proposta, porém são necessários mais estudos para verificar sua eficácia.
Onset of quadriceps activation and torque variation during stair ascent in individuals with patellofemoral pain
Authors: Kuriki Heloyse Uliam , Azevedo Fábio Mícolis de , Negrão Filho Rúben De Faria , Alves Neri
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Studies have used surface electromyography (EMG) to understand motor recruitment in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS); however, there is no consensus in the literature. Objective: To understand if, in addition to neuromuscular disorders, there are changes in rotational patterns in individuals with PFPS. Methods: Twenty-two control pain-free subjects and eleven subjects with PFPS were assessed during stair ascent with respect to the onset of muscle activation and percentage of torque variation (PTV). Result: The PFPS group showed previous activation of vastus lateralis (VL) (21.1 ± 58.1ms), while simultaneous activation was observed in the control group (2.8 ± 30.7ms, p=0.01). The groups also showed differences in relation to the PTV (p=0.02): the control group showed greater variation in torque (26.7 ± 35.3%) compared to the PFPS group (17.5 ± 35.9%). Conclusion: People with PFPS have prior activation of VL and lower tendency towards body rotation, which may suggest patellar lateralization.
Repercussões de fatores de risco biológicos no desenvolvimento neuromotor de lactentes
Authors: Rothstein Joyce Ribeiro , Beltrame Thais Silva
Published: March 2013

Introdução: Os avanços tecnológicos têm permitido uma maior sobrevivência de recém-nascidos de risco. Entretanto, os fatores de risco biológicos aos quais essas crianças foram expostas fazem com que tenham maior chance de apresentar atrasos no seu crescimento e desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Avaliar as repercussões de fatores de risco biológicos no desenvolvimento neuromotor de lactentes. Método: A amostra foi composta de 80 lactentes. O grupo experimental foi composto por 25 lactentes com histórico de risco biológico. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta dos dados foram: M-flex, Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, formulário biopsicossocial e cartão de saúde da criança. Resultados: Os lactentes com histórico de risco apresentaram desempenho neuromotor inferior em relação à organização e aos reflexos, bem como mostraram padrão de força da mão direita e da esquerda inferior ao grupo sem histórico de risco. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que os fatores de risco biológico trazem repercussões significativas referentes ao desenvolvimento neuromotor do lactente.
Efetividade da fisioterapia associada à musicoterapia na doença de Parkinson
Authors: Yamashita Fernanda Correa , Saito Tane Cristine , De Almeida Isabela Andrelino , Barboza Natália Mariano , Santos Suhaila Mahmoud Smaili
Published: March 2013

Introdução: Instabilidade postural, alterações de equilíbrio e de marcha presentes na doença de Parkinson (DP) contribuem para a perda de função e independência do paciente. Objetivo: Analisar a efetividade da associação entre fisioterapia e musicoterapia na melhora do equilíbrio e marcha em indivíduos com DP. Métodos: Ensaio clínico não controlado, composto por sete indivíduos, do gênero masculino, com diagnóstico de DP classificados entre os estágios 1 e 3 da escala de Hoehn e Yahr modificada. Os pacientes foram avaliados no início (Ai) e no fim (Af) de um programa de intervenção com 12 sessões de fisioterapia associado à musicoterapia, três vezes por semana. Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre Ai e Af no equilíbrio (p=0,02), velocidade da marcha (p=0,01), número de passos (p=0,01) e tempo da distância percorrida (p=0,01). Conclusão: O programa de reabilitação aplicado foi efetivo, com significância estatística para os desfechos que incluíram equilíbrio e marcha.
Lower trapezius and serratus anterior activation: which exercise to use for scapular neuromuscular reeducation?
Authors: Barreto Rodrigo Py Gonçalves , Robinson Caroline Cabral , Rocha Clarice Sperotto dos Santos , Mothes Fernando Carlos , Matsumoto Fábio , Rosa Luís Henrique Telles da , Kiefer Tiago , Silva Marcelo Faria
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Low levels of activation of the serratus anterior (SA) and lower trapezius (LT) muscles are associated with kinematics dysfunctions of the scapular belt, for which the focus of functional recovery is neuromuscular reeducation. Hence, the proposed exercises should keep muscular activation at levels between 20% and 40% of the maximal voluntary contraction. Objectives: To compare the activation of SA and LT muscles in different exercises by using surface electromyography. Methods: Five exercises (modified crucifix, scaption, modified military press, pull over and low row) were executed by ten healthy subjects. Results: The highest SA activation was found during scaption, and the adequate activation occurred in the modified military press. The highest LT activation was found during scaption and low row exercises. Conclusions: The exercises that kept the recommended range of activation for neuromuscular reeducation were the military press, for the SA muscle, and the low row and scaption, for the LT muscle.
DC feedback for wide band frequency fixed current source
Authors: Al-Rawi Aoday H. , Ibrahim W. M. A. , Mirza Eraj Humayun
Published: March 2013

Alternating current sources are mainly used in bioelectrical impedance devices. Nowadays 50 – 100 kHz bioelectrical impedance devices are commonly used for body composition analysis. High frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis devices are mostly used in bioimpedance tomography and blood analysis. High speed op-amps and voltage comparators are used in this circuit. Direct current feedback is used to prevent delay. An N-Channel J-FET transistor was used to establish the voltage controlled gain amplifier (VCG). A sine wave signal has been applied as input voltage. The value of this signal should be constant in 170 mV rms to keep the output current in about 1 mA rms. Four frequencies; 100 kHz, 1 MHz, 2 MHz and 3.2 MHz were applied to the circuit and the current was measured for different load resistances. The results showed that the current was stable for changes in the resistor load, bouncing around an average point as a result of bouncing DC feedback.
Determining of Climatic Parameters Using CFD in Different Window Span in Naturally Ventilated Greenhouses
Authors: Ahmet Tezcan  , Kenan Buyuktas
Published: March 2013

The aim of this study was to compare with the measured inner air temperature and relative humidity values and the simulated values determined with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in the naturally ventilated gable-roofed single glass greenhouse located North-South direction, having 45o and 90° window spans and under no cultivation.
The measured values were recorded every 2 hours from 8 am to 18 pm using the relative humidity and air temperature sensors placed in 7 different locations. Measurements were made in case of the 45° and 90° window span openness. For CFD simulations, the SolidWorks 2011 software was used. The values of air temperature and relative humidity inside the greenhouse were simulated depending on the outside ambient conditions and structural and physical properties of greenhouse. Then, the measured values were compared with the simulated values and error rate for each sensors were determined.
As a result, it was determined minimum error rates of the measured and simulated air temperature and relative humidity in greenhouses is 4.8% and 4.7%, respectively. The study showed that the CFD can be used as a powerful tool for determining inner climatic factors in naturally ventilated greenhouses.
Radiation Exposure to Nuclear Medicine Technologists During Different Diagnostic Techniques
Authors: Areeb Fatima  , Taqmeem Hussain  , Sumera Perveen  , Arfa Mubashir  , Humera Noreen
Published: March 2013

Nuclear Medicine is being widely used, now a days, for different diagnostic purposes. The present study was planned to find out the radiation exposure to nuclear medicine technologists from radioactive patients who have gone through different diagnostic techniques. This study was carried out at Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine (PINUM), Faisalabad (Pakistan). In order to carry out this activity, data was collected from the nuclear medicine diagnostic techniques i.e., heart scans (Rest and Stress MIBI), bone scans, renal scans, liver scans, thyroid scans and Thallium heart scans. The radiation exposure was recorded using pen dosimeter (Arrow-Tech W138) having range 0-200mR. Heart scan (Stress MIBI) was taken as standard as it showed maximum exposure (0.584 mR) and equivalent dose corresponding to this exposure (5.85μSv) amongst all scans.
L’explosion de l’audit dans le secteur public : le risque d’une illusion de contrôle
Authors: Tremblay Marie-Soleil , Malsch Bertrand
Published: March 2013

La gestion des administrations publiques fondée sur les résultats et la transparence est employée fréquemment par les politiciens et les fonctionnaires comme une façon de promouvoir l’efficacité et les idéaux de réforme destinés à transformer les organisations du secteur public (Hood, 1995, 1990). Le présent essai porte un regard critique sur l’explosion des pratiques de vérification au sein des organisations du secteur public afin de mieux comprendre comment ces changements ont été introduits dans les organisations publiques, de s’interroger sur leurs possibles effets involontaires et de souligner les risques d’une illusion de contrôle.
Le vérificateur dans le secteur public : le trait d’union de l’administration publique
Authors: Dees Martin
Published: March 2013

Cet article entend définir le concept de vérification dans le secteur public en fonction de son importance, des aspects institutionnels et de ses particularités dans l’environnement néerlandais. Les liens qu’entretient le domaine avec les notions de bonne gouvernance et de reddition de comptes et les perspectives d’avenir sont discutés. L’article décrit également l’essence de la vérification publique en tant qu’exécution des activités liées à la gestion de l’assurance dans le secteur public par des professionnels indépendants issus d’une grande variété de disciplines, d’environnements et de positions. Les audits financiers, de performance et de conformité constituent les principaux types d’activités de vérification. On considère comme l’objectif essentiel de la vérification publique, sa contribution à une amélioration de la gouvernance publique, en premier lieu par la défense et la promotion de la reddition de comptes.
Comment apprécier la compétence d’un auditeur interne ? L’opinion des membres du comité d’audit
Authors: Roussy Mélanie
Published: March 2013

Cet article vise à cerner comment les membres du comité d’audit apprécient la compétence d’un auditeur interne dans le contexte du secteur public québécois. Pour mener à bien cette recherche, des entrevues individuelles auprès de quatorze membres de comités d’audit ont été réalisées. Les résultats indiquent que ces derniers recherchent des habiletés et des valeurs particulières chez l’auditeur interne pour le juger compétent. Ces résultats sont intéressants et originaux, car ils font ressortir des valeurs autres que la traditionnelle indépendance et ils ne mettent pas l’accent sur les critères de compétence. Cet article contribue à la littérature portant sur les relations entre l’auditeur interne et le comité d’audit, car il s’intéresse aux attentes de l’un par rapport à l’autre.
De la société de l’audit au système des professions : l’histoire institutionnelle de l’audit dans le service public canadien
Authors: Troupin Steve
Published: March 2013

Si elle permet d’expliquer la croissance de l’audit dans le secteur public, la théorie de la société de l’audit de Michael Power échoue à expliquer pourquoi l’audit, quelquefois, se rétracte. En généralisant les mécanismes de conquêtes professionnelles mises en lumière par Michael Power et en mettant en évidence la compétition interprofessionnelle, la théorie du système des professions d’Andrew Abbott permet de surmonter cette difficulté. L’histoire institutionnelle de l’audit dans le secteur public fédéral canadien est revisitée à l’aide de cette théorie. Elle permet une approche dépassionnée de l’histoire et laisse entrevoir à terme un rééquilibrage des forces professionnelles entre le Bureau du vérificateur général, le Secrétariat du Conseil du Trésor et le Bureau du contrôleur général.
Les auditeurs législatifs : héros intouchables ?
Authors: Morin Danielle
Published: March 2013

Les auditeurs législatifs seraient-ils devenus les derniers héros de la saine gestion des Administrations ? Alors que la disgrâce frappe sans délai les élus et les Administrations, que leurs décisions soient légitimes ou non, les auditeurs législatifs échappent davantage au tribunal de l’opinion publique. La fonction d’auditeur législatif semble dorénavant entourée d’une aura de crédibilité acquise pour avoir dénoncé des dérives de la gestion des affaires publiques. Mais au-delà de cette aura, la fonction et la portée du travail des auditeurs législatifs sont encore très méconnues de la population, des élus et de la presse. L’analyse de deux événements survenus récemment, alors que des vérificateurs généraux se sont retrouvés eux-mêmes dans la controverse, a fait ressortir cette méconnaissance des principaux enjeux liés à la fonction d’auditeur législatif.
L’audit de la gouvernance : au service d’une plus grande transparence
Authors: Ouellet Normand
Published: March 2013

Cet article met en lumière les différents enjeux qui font en sorte que l’audit gouvernemental, ou de la gouvernance, pourrait être appelé à revêtir de plus en plus d’importance compte tenu de l’engagement clair pour un gouvernement plus transparent et du vecteur de changement sans précédent que constitue le développement exponentiel des moyens inter- actifs de communication. Il propose une réflexion prospective sur l’évolution de la fonction d’audit gouvernemental dans le contexte d’une plus grande ouverture des gouvernements à la participation et à la collaboration des citoyens.
Physical Properties of Amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O Films Deposited at Different Sputtering Pressures
Authors: Yasuno Satoshi , Kita Takashi , Hino Aya , Morita Shinya , Hayashi Kazushi , Kugimiya Toshihiro
Published: March 2013

The physical properties of amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) films deposited by DC sputtering under various sputtering pressures were investigated. The sputtering pressure was found to influence various physical properties. Lower sputtering pressures resulted in film densification and decreased both surface roughness and hydrogen concentration. In addition, transistor performance characteristics such as saturation mobility and sub-threshold swing improved as the sputtering pressure decreased. These results yield insight into the correlation between thin film transistor (TFT) performance and deposition conditions.
Impact of the Hydrogenation Process on the Performance of Self-Aligned Metal Double-Gate Low-Temperature Polycrystalline-Silicon Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Shika Yusuke , Bessho Takuro , Okabe Yasunori , Ogata Hiroyuki , Kamo Shinya , Kitahara Kuninori , Hara Akito
Published: March 2013

We investigated hydrogenation of low-temperature (LT) polycrystalline-silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs) from the point of view of the gettering phenomenon, specifically, using self-aligned metal double-gate p-channel LT poly-Si TFTs that had a small subthreshold swing value and a high field-effect mobility. Hydrogenation of TFTs was carried out by forming gas annealing. Our results indicate that the conventionally used hydrogenation temperature of 400 °C is considerably high because annealing at this temperature results in the re-emission of gettered hydrogen. Moreover, when annealing in forming gas, hydrogenation actually occurs during cooling from 400 °C, but not at 400 °C. The most important parameter for effective hydrogenation is the rate of cooling from 400 °C, but not the hydrogenation temperature of 400 °C.
Approaches to Decreasing the Processing Temperature for a Solution-Processed InZnO Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Kim Dong Lim , Jeong Woong Hee , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the formation of a dual active layer (DAL) and utilization of a nitrate precursor are proposed to decrease the processing temperature for solution-processed thin-film transistors (TFTs). In the DAL approach, the conductivity decline of a conventional solution-processed AlInZnO (AIZO) was complemented by stacking a highly conductive InZnO (IZO) layer at the bottom of the DAL structure. Further decrease in processing temperature was achieved for the IZO TFT with a zinc nitrate precursor, which showed a weaker decomposition behavior than Zn acetate. Using DAL and the nitrate precursor, TFTs with field-effect mobilities of 2.89 (fabricated at 350 °C) and 0.21 cm2V-1s-1(fabricated at 250 °C) were achieved, respectively.
Lifetime of Poly(triaryl amine) Based Organic Field Effect Transistors under Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: Lau Tobias , Lorenz Enno , Koyuncu Metin
Published: March 2013

Characterization of reliability and lifetime is a key issue on the way to commercialization of products based on organic electronics. Prediction of the lifetime requires the understanding of failure mechanisms and the circumstances leading to failure. In this work the stability of poly(triaryl amine) (PTAA) based organic field effect transistors (OFETs) on a poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) substrate is investigated under environmental stressing. PTAA is known to form amorphous thin films after spin coating and to be air stable for extended periods of time. This inherent air stability makes it a good candidate for testing of environmental influences. The samples were electrically characterized regularly between storage cycles at 85 °C and 85 °C/85% relative humidity (RH). Samples stored under dry atmosphere and inert gas were used as reference. More than 1700 OFETs were produced in multiple batches and measured using an automated measurement system to collect statistically significant data. Circuit-relevant OFET parameters such as on- and off-current, mobility, threshold voltage and gate leakage current were extracted applying a thin film transistor (TFT) device model to the measured transfer and output curves. The threshold voltage is found to be the most sensitive parameter especially for the samples stored at 85 °C. The effect of storage under 85 °C/85%RH is observed to be comparably small. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurements of the aged OFET samples indicate a correlation between the shift of the electrical parameters and the appearance of carbonyl groups in the dielectric layer of the devices. Possible degradation mechanisms are discussed based on this observation.
First-Principles Studies of the Electronic and Dielectric Properties of Si/SiO2/HfO2 Interfaces
Authors: Park Yongjin , Kong Ki-jeong , Chang Hyunju , Shin Mincheol
Published: March 2013

In an effort to link first-principles electronic structure information with device-level modeling and simulations, first-principles calculations were performed to model Si/SiO2/HfO2 gate stacks, and models of their interfaces were developed. The electronic and dielectric properties, including the band edge and the local dielectric constant profiles, were investigated and found to display non-abrupt transitions at the hetero-material boundaries. The first-principles equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) parameter was introduced to represent the overall dielectric characteristics of the gate stack. The role of defects in the oxides was investigated by performing first-principles calculations of a Si/SiO2/HfO2 slab model with an oxygen vacancy near the SiO2/HfO2 interface. The oxygen vacancy was found to reduce the EOT.
Effects of Side Surface Roughness on Carrier Mobility in Tri-Gate Single Silicon Nanowire Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Mao Ke , Saraya Takuya , Hiramoto Toshiro
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the effects of side surface roughness on mobility behaviors in single-silicon-nanowire metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are discussed on the basis of intrinsic carrier mobility data obtained by direct split capacitance–voltage (C–V) method measurement for the first time. To investigate the mechanisms that dominate the mobility degradation in narrower nanowires, low-temperature measurements are performed. It is found that phonon scattering has little dependence on nanowire width, indicating that the mobility degradation in our tri-gate nanowire MOSFETs is caused by surface roughness scattering. It is also found by analyzing the nanowire width dependence of mobility that the process-induced roughness on the side surface is the main source of mobility degradation in nanowire pFETs, while the degradation caused by the side surface roughness is negligible in nanowire nFETs.
Impact of Deformation Potential Increase at Si/SiO2 Interfaces on Stress-Induced Electron Mobility Enhancement in Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Ohashi Teruyuki , Oda Shunri , Uchida Ken
Published: March 2013

The impact of deformation potential increase at metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) interfaces on stress effects is thoroughly studied. In our previous study, we revealed that the deformation potential (D
ac) of Si increases at MOS interfaces. The energy split between two- and four-fold valleys is proportional to D
ac. Therefore, it is considered that the D
ac increase at MOS interfaces has an affect on strain effects. D
ac effectively changes by adjusting Si-on-insulator (SOI) thickness and carrier distribution at MOS interfaces. Therefore, the SOI thickness dependence and carrier distribution dependence of electron mobility enhancement ratio (Δµe/µe) under strain are investigated. Experimental results are explained by the model including the D
ac increase at MOS interfaces. In addition, experimental data are well reproduced by calculation using the position-dependent-D
ac model. By applying uniaxial strain, effective mass, subband occupation, and intervalley scattering rate are also changed. Their effects on Δµe/µe are also discussed in this paper.
An Improved Compact Model for Doped Double-Gate Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors Using a Rigorous Perturbation Method and Higher-Order Correction
Authors: Feng Xixiang , Kang Weiling , Cheng Qi , Chen Yijian
Published: March 2013

An analytic current–voltage (I–V) model for doped double-gate metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) is derived by using a rigorous perturbation method to solve one-dimensional (1D) Poisson's equation. More accurate prediction of the surface potential and I–V characteristics is achieved by introducing a higher-order correction and setting the operating point of Taylor expansion at the channel surface where the major population of mobile charge is located. Both technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations and the numerical solution to 1D Poisson's equation verify the improved accuracy of our model compared with Berkeley short-channel insulated-gate FET model (BSIM) model, especially when the gate voltage and doping level are higher. We also discuss and compare the numerical errors caused by the approximations made in BSIM and our models.
Low Power and Improved Switching Properties of Selector-Less Ta2O5 Based Resistive Random Access Memory Using Ti-Rich TiN Electrode
Authors: Kim Beomyong , Kim Wangee , Kim Hyojune , Jung Kyooho , Park Wooyoung , Seo Bomin , Joo Moonsig , Lee Keejeung , Hong Kwon , Park Sungki
Published: March 2013

The effects of TiN top electrode composition (TiN vs Ti-rich TiN) on the resistive switching characteristics of selector-less TiN/TiO
x
/Ta2O5/TiN resistive random access memory (ReRAM) are investigated. Ti-rich TiN enables TiO
x
to have a higher concentration of oxygen vacancy and reduce barrier height between top electrode and TiO
x
. This leads to higher on/off current ratio and lower operation voltage without degradation of non-linearity which is the important factor for selector-less type ReRAM, compared to the stoichiometric TiN resistor stack. Consequently, it is verified that the switching mechanism is hybrid combination of filament formation and redox reaction in switching operation. This work is applicable to both high density and cost-effective ReRAM.
Threshold Switching and Conductance Quantization in Al/HfO2/Si(p) Structures
Authors: Saura Xavier , Miranda Enrique , Jiménez David , Long Shibing , Liu Ming , Rafí Joan Marc , Campabadal Francesca , Suñé Jordi
Published: March 2013

Volatile threshold switching and non-volatile memory switching modes of resistive switching are reported in Al/HfO2/Si(p) metal–oxide–semiconductor structures with different values of current compliance limit during electroforming. When the current is limited to below 100 µA, a reproducible threshold switching loop is reported under injection from the p-type silicon substrate. The conduction in the low resistance state is linear above a voltage threshold called holding voltage and the conductance is a non-integer multiple of the quantum of conductance. Depending on the size of the conducting filament created during the electroforming process, one or several quasi-one dimensional quantum subbands are found to contribute to the current. Abrupt transitions between different discrete conductance values are reported during increasing and decreasing voltage sweeps. These results provide strong experimental evidence suggesting that the conduction filament behaves as a quantum wire (QW). No structural instability of the filament has to be invoked to explain either the highly structured conduction properties or the set and reset switching transitions. It is claimed that the whole phenomenology can be understood by electron injection from the valence band into a narrow conducting path which behaves as a QW.
Impact of Body-Biasing Technique on Random Telegraph Noise Induced Delay Fluctuation
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Kobayashi Kazutoshi , Onodera Hidetoshi
Published: March 2013

The statistical nature of random telegraph noise (RTN) induced delay fluctuation is described by measuring 1,655 ROs fabricated in a commercial 40 nm CMOS technology. A small number of samples have a large RTN-induced delay fluctuation. We investigated the impact of the body-biasing technique on RTN-induced circuit delay fluctuation for various substrate bias conditions. The impact of RTN-induced delay fluctuation tends to be reduced by the forward body-biasing technique, but a few ROs still have a large fluctuation.
A Multi-Pillar Vertical Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Type Dynamic Random Access Memory Core Circuit for Sub-1 V Core Voltage Operation without Overdrive Technique
Authors: Na Hyoungjun , Endoh Tetsuo
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) core circuit realizing sub-1 V core voltage operation without using the overdriven sense amplifier technique is proposed by using the multi-pillar vertical MOSFET, and its performance is described with the HSPICE simulation. The proposed DRAM core circuit realizes the same sensing time at 0.6 and 0.75 V lower core supply voltage without and with the overdriven sense amplifier technique, respectively, comparing to the conventional DRAM core circuit by the planar MOSFET with the overdriven sense amplifier technique. Moreover, when V
CORE is 1.25 V and V
DD is 1.5 V, the overdriven proposed sense amplifier achieves 79% (2.7 ns) faster sensing time than the overdriven conventional sense amplifier. Furthermore, the proposed circuit achieves a faster wordline transition and precharge time than the conventional DRAM core circuit by approximately 17% (1.1 ns) and 55% (0.2 ns), respectively. This proposed DRAM core circuit is a promising circuit technique for low voltage and high speed DRAM core circuit operation.
Effect of O2Incorporation During the Channel Fabrication Process on Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistor Characteristics
Authors: Cai Jian , Han Dedong , Geng Youfeng , Wang Wei , Wang Liangliang , Tian Yu , Qian Lixun , Zhang Xing , Zhang Shengdong , Wang Yi
Published: March 2013

High-performance aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin-film transistors (AZO TFTs) have been successfully fabricated on glass substrates. By controlling the oxygen flow ratio (OFR) during the deposition of an AZO active layer, we have demonstrated that the incorporation of oxygen in the deposition atmosphere plays an important role in improving the electronic performance of TFTs. For gate voltageVG= -2 to 5 V, the TFTs with an AZO active layer sputter deposited in an atmosphere of Ar and O2mixture at room temperature (RT) as the channel layer exhibit much better properties than TFTs whose AZO layer was deposited in pure Ar atmosphere, such as a high saturation mobility (µsat) of 113 cm2V-1s-1, a positive threshold voltageVthof 1.5 V, an improved steep subthreshold swing from 400 to 125 mV/decade, a decreased off-state current (Ioff) from 10-8to 5×10-13A, an increased on/off ratio from 105to 109, and a higher transmittance of 82.5%.
A GaAs/Air Multilayer Cavity for a Planar-Type Nonlinear Optical Device
Authors: Komatsu Hidetada , Zhang Zhao , Nakagawa Yoshinori , Morita Ken , Kitada Takahiro , Isu Toshiro
Published: March 2013

GaAs/air multilayer cavity structure is expected as a novel planar-type nonliner optical device because of the strong enhancement of optical electric fileds in the cavity. The optical Kerr signal was estimated to be two order of magnitude larger than that from GaAs/AlAs multilayer cavity with the same Q-value by numerical simulation. We fabricated a GaAs/air cavity structure with 2-period distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) layers on each side of the λ-cavity layer by wet etching of sacrificial AlGaAs layer. Measured reflection spectra showed the expected structure was successfully fabricated in some parts.
A Numerical Device Model and Approach to Degradation Mechanisms in Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hirai Tadahiko , Weber Karl , O'Connell Jenny , Bown Mark , Ueno Kazunori
Published: March 2013

We propose a novel Schottky and impedance spectroscopy (IS) numerical model to evaluate carrier injection and transport behavior of organic semiconductor materials. Using temperature-dependent current–voltage (I–V) and IS measurements of hole-only (HOD) and electron-only (EOD) devices and phosphorescent blue organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), we have obtained values for the Richardson factor, the barrier height, trap density, density of states (DOS), and carrier mobility of organic materials and interfaces as device parameters. Therefore, we approach to degradation mechanism of the emitting zone inside of the OLEDs.
Detection of colorectal‐cancer‐associated bacterial taxa in fecal samples using next‐generation sequencing and 19 newly established qPCR assays
Authors: Senthakumaran Thulasika , Tannæs Tone M. , Moen Aina E. F. , Brackmann Stephan A. , Jahanlu David , Rounge Trine B. , Bemanian Vahid , Tunsjø Hege S.
Published: July 2024

We have previously identified increased levels of distinct bacterial taxa within mucosal biopsies from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Following prior research, the aim of this study was to investigate the detection of the same CRC‐associated bacteria in fecal samples and to evaluate the suitability of fecal samples as a non‐invasive material for the detection of CRC‐associated bacteria. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) V4 region was performed to evaluate the detection of the CRC‐associated bacteria in the fecal microbiota of cancer patients, patients with adenomatous polyp and healthy controls. Furthermore, 19 novel species‐specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were established to detect the CRC‐associated bacteria. Approximately, 75% of the bacterial taxa identified in biopsies were reflected in fecal samples. NGS failed to detect low‐abundance CRC‐associated taxa in fecal samples, whereas qPCR exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in identifying all targeted taxa. Comparison of fecal microbial composition between the different patient groups showed enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Gemella morbillorum in cancer patients. Our findings suggest that low‐abundance mucosa‐associated bacteria can be detected in fecal samples using sensitive qPCR assays.
Mesonephric‐type adenocarcinomas of the ovary: prevalence, diagnostic reproducibility, outcome, and value of PAX2
Authors: Köbel Martin , Kang Eun Young , Lee Sandra , Ogilvie Travis , Terzic Tatjana , Wang Linyuan , Wiebe Nicholas JP , Al‐Shamma Zainab , Cook Linda S , Nelson Gregg S , Stewart Colin JR , von Deimling Andreas , Kommoss Felix KF , Lee Cheng‐Han
Published: July 2024

Mesonephric‐type (or ‐like) adenocarcinomas (MAs) of the ovary are an uncommon and aggressive histotype. They appear to arise through transdifferentiation from Müllerian lesions creating diagnostic challenges. Thus, we aimed to develop a histologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) approach to optimize the identification of MA over its histologic mimics, such as ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (EC). First, we screened 1,537 ovarian epithelial neoplasms with a four‐marker IHC panel of GATA3, TTF1, ER, and PR followed by a morphological review of EC to identify MA in retrospective cohorts. Interobserver reproducibility for the distinction of MA versus EC was assessed in 66 cases initially without and subsequently with IHC information (four‐marker panel). Expression of PAX2, CD10, and calretinin was evaluated separately, and survival analyses were performed. We identified 23 MAs from which 22 were among 385 cases initially reported as EC (5.7%) and 1 as clear cell carcinoma. The interobserver reproducibility increased from fair to substantial (κ = 0.376–0.727) with the integration of the four‐marker IHC panel. PAX2 was the single most sensitive and specific marker to distinguish MA from EC and could be used as a first‐line marker together with ER/PR and GATA3/TTF1. Patients with MA had significantly increased risk of earlier death from disease (hazard ratio = 3.08; 95% CI, 1.62–5.85; p < 0.0001) compared with patients with EC, when adjusted for age, stage, and p53 status. A diagnosis of MA has prognostic implications for stage I disease, and due to the subtlety of morphological features in some tumors, a low threshold for ancillary testing is recommended.
A comparison of natalizumab and ocrelizumab on disease progression in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Iaffaldano Pietro , Lucisano Giuseppe , Guerra Tommaso , Paolicelli Damiano , Portaccio Emilio , Inglese Matilde , Foschi Matteo , Patti Francesco , Granella Franco , Romano Silvia , Cavalla Paola , De Luca Giovanna , Gallo Paolo , Bellantonio Paolo , Gallo Antonio , Montepietra Sara , Di Sapio Alessia , Vianello Marika , Quatrale Rocco , Spitaleri Daniele , Clerici Raffaella , Torri Clerici Valentina , Cocco Eleonora , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Marfia Girolama Alessandra , Boccia Vincenzo Daniele , Filippi Massimo , Amato Maria Pia , Trojano Maria ,   the Italian MS Register
Published: July 2024

Objective

No direct comparisons of the effect of natalizumab and ocrelizumab on progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) and relapse‐associated worsening (RAW) events are currently available. We aimed to compare the risk of achieving first 6 months confirmed PIRA and RAW events and irreversible Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 4.0 and 6.0 in a cohort of naïve patients treated with natalizumab or ocrelizumab from the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Register.

Methods

Patients with a first visit within 1 year from onset, treated with natalizumab or ocrelizumab, and ≥3 visits were extracted. Pairwise propensity score‐matched analyses were performed. Risk of reaching the first PIRA, RAW, and EDSS 4.0 and 6.0 events were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to show cumulative probabilities of reaching outcomes.

Results

In total, 770 subjects were included (natalizumab = 568; ocrelizumab = 212) and the propensity score‐matching retrieved 195 pairs. No RAW events were found in natalizumab group and only 1 was reported in ocrelizumab group. A first PIRA event was reached by 23 natalizumab and 25 ocrelizumab exposed patients; 7 natalizumab‐ and 10 ocrelizumab‐treated patients obtained an irreversible EDSS 4.0, while 13 natalizumab‐ and 15 ocrelizumab‐treated patients reached an irreversible EDSS 6.0. No differences between the two groups were found in the risk (HR, 95%CI) of reaching a first PIRA (1.04, 0.59–1.84; p = 0.88) event, an irreversible EDSS 4.0 (1.23, 0.57–2.66; p = 0.60) and 6.0 (0.93, 0.32–2.68; p = 0.89).

Interpretation

Both medications strongly suppress RAW events and, in the short term, the risk of achieving PIRA events, EDSS 4.0 and 6.0 milestones is not significantly different.
Strengthening human‐centered face recognition in law enforcement: Combining the Zurich face cognition test with the holistic cognitive interview
Authors: Hofer Franziska , Eigenmann Jobila , Fumagalli Carla , Glaus Markus , Ghelfi Signe
Published: July 2024

In the area of security, human cognition remains essential for face recognition despite advancements in technology. Law enforcement agencies (LEAs) are interested in harnessing these abilities, as recognizing people is a fundamental aspect of their work. We conducted two studies to support integrating human face recognition skills into police work. In study 1, we developed the Zurich Face Cognition Test (ZFCT), a self‐assessment tool that reliably measures the face cognition abilities of police officers with authentic police material. Our approach is complementary to the identification of super‐recognizers. In study 2, we evaluated the Holistic Cognitive Interview (HCI), a method successfully applied in the UK to recognize facial composites better. Our results indicate that the HCI provides an effective strategy for police officers to memorize images of unfamiliar faces more effectively, for example, for better recognition of wanted or missing persons.
The Dual‐Target Nanoparticles with ROS Sensitivity Inhibit the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway and Decrease Oxidative Stress in Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells to Alleviate Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Jinhang , Zhang Ting , Zhang Zijing , Jia Qingyi , Chen Jiahao , Li Jingwei , Song Haiying , Li Jiahui , Xiong Yimin , Mo Li , He Jinhan , Li Yanping
Published: July 2024

Liver fibrosis is characterized by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, and subsequent extracellular matrix deposition. Since complex pathways regulate HSC activation, the single‐drug therapy efficacy for live fibrosis often falls short of expectations. To address this issue, an HSC‐targeted multifunctional nanoparticle (NP) delivery system co‐loaded with cyclopamine (Cyc; hedgehog inhibitor) and bilirubin (BR; ROS‐scavenger) is designed. The NP, termed RHB, is constructed via chemically conjugating hydrophobic bilirubin to hyaluronic acid (HA), followed by inserting into a cRGDyK peptide modified‐PEG shell. RHB can effectively target activated HSCs in the fibrotic liver by recognizing of the cRGDyK peptide and HA with integrin αvβ3 and CD44 due to their high expression on HSCs. During liver fibrosis, RHB NPs intelligently released Cyc in response to elevated ROS, inhibiting hedgehog signaling and subsequent HSC activation. Meanwhile, RHB NPs exhibited ROS scavenging capability and activated nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling in stimulated HSCs, deactivating HSC. Cyc‐loaded RHB NPs significantly reversed the inflammatory and fibrotic phenotypes in liver fibrotic mice without evident toxicity. In summary, the multifunctional NPs dual‐targeted activated HSCs and deactivated HSC via multiple signaling, effectively ameliorating liver fibrosis, showing great promise for hepatic fibrosis treatment.
Regulatory T Cells and Their Derived Cell Pharmaceuticals as Emerging Therapeutics Against Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Yu Liu , Fu Yiqiu , Miao Rourou , Cao Jiahui , Zhang Fan , Liu Luntao , Mei Lin , Ou Meitong
Published: July 2024

Caused by the loss in the tolerance against self‐antigens, autoimmune diseases are chronic disorders that impact millions of individuals annually with significant economic burden. They are triggered by a deficiency in the quantity or function of regulatory T (Treg) cells, which are essential for maintaining self‐tolerance and preventing excessive immune responses. Several clinical trials over the past decade have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of certain Treg cell‐based therapies against autoimmune diseases, inspiring optimism among patients. Studies have indicated that targeted cell pharmaceuticals are significantly promising, offering superior targeting, improved biocompatibility, and prolonged blood circulation. Thus, Treg cell‐based delivery systems are also extensively studied. This review describes the role of Treg cells in the immune system both in homeostasis and in the development of autoimmunity, purification and expansion methods, derived cell pharmaceutical therapies, and the therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases, beneficial to accelerating the industrialization and clinical translation of formulations based on Treg cells.
Defect‐Driven Oxidation Enabled V2CTx MXene with Ultralong‐Cycling and High‐Rate Capability in Aqueous K+ Storage
Authors: Liu Yujing , Liu Qi , Zhao Chengyao , Liu Liping , Liu Zhongqiu , Ying Anguo , Pang Zhibin , Sun Xuping , Chen Pu , Chen Guang
Published: July 2024

Owing to the adverse influences of irreversible oxidation, the development of MXene‐based materials, especially those with satisfactory performance and longevity for aqueous energy storage, continues to suffer severe challenges. Herein, the strategy of targeted passivation‐supported defect‐lock‐oxygen is conceived, whereby engineered the V2CTx material for controllable partial oxidation with enhanced regioselectivity. When the material works, inside the intrinsic defects, the outward diffusion of oxidation is confined by the Lewis bases around the defects, which allows for the controllable progress of oxidation. The defect‐locked oxygen oxidizes the exposed carbon, thus forming sufficient amorphous carbons for enhancing the capacitive‐type adsorption of K‐ions. Then the oxidized defects enabled the fast kinetics via the cross‐layer transport of K‐ions. Benefiting from the strategy, the electrode assembly V2CTx‐RTIL (V2CTx equipped with room temperature ionic liquid) exhibits high capacity, good rate capability, and ultra‐longevity compared with those of the MXene materials so far reported. This work presents the first strategy of targeted passivation‐supported defect‐lock‐oxygen for high‐rate capability and super long‐cycling aqueous K+ storage and hopefully would provide the inspiration for the future design of novel electrodes.