bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE OF TUBERCULOUS PATIENTS ON DISEASE AND THEIR TREATMENT OUTCOME OF DOTS PROGRAM WITH EMPHASIS ON WHO STRATEGY IN KIRKUK–IRAQ
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed , Ali Bushra , Tahir Suheila
Published: July 2017

Background 

Tuberculosis has got high priority within the health sector as a major public health problem and directly observed therapy short course (DOTS) strategy has been planned to be implemented widely to control the disease and its management.

Objectives 

To assess knowledge of the patients’ on various aspects of tuberculosis and show the six mutually exclusive outcome of treatment regimen under directly observed therapy short course (DOTS).

Patients and Methods 

A prospective case follow up study has been carried out on 110 patients attending consultation clinic for Chest and Respiratory Diseases in Kirkuk, for the period from the 1st of April to 31st of December 2009.Tuberculous patients were followed up for the next six months period under DOTS program including two phases

Results 

Regarding knowledge of patients about routes of transmission and risk factors, there was statistically significant difference between different educational levels (P<0.05), the highest percentage being among secondary school level patients (28.6%). Occupation had a significant effect on patients’ knowledge on treatment regimen , in high score knowledge group (4-6) among students was 100%which was statistically significant. The outcome of treatment regimen was 99.1% treatment success (cure and completed treatment); 0.9% had relapsed and no unfavorable outcome was noticed.

Conclusion 

Overall knowledge of patients was low regarding routes of transmission, risk factors and treatment regimen.
GESTATIONAL AGE SPECIFIC WEIGHT, LENGTH AND HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE OF KURDISH NEWBORNS IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Tayib Tara , Taher Soran , Al-Windi Ahmad
Published: July 2017

Objectives 

To assess the percentiles (3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95 and 97%) of weight, length and head circumference for a sample of new-born Kurdish population in Sulaimani and the relation to mothers' age, parity and gestational age.

Patients and Methods 

Birth weight, crown heal length and head circumference of infants born at gestational age 37–44 weeks in Sulaimani teaching hospital from March 2008 to March 2009 were measured prospectively using standard equipments.

Results 

The mean weight, length and head circumference of the male full term baby in the total sample was as followed respectively 3355 kg, 50 cm, 35 cm. The mean weight, length and head circumference of the female full term baby in the total sample were as followed respectively 3260 kg, 49.3cm, 34.5 cm. The median for weight, length and head circumference of the male full term baby were 3355 g (3300–3400), 50 (50–50.2) and 35 (33,5–35). While the median for weight, length and Head circumference of the female full term baby in the total sample were 3260 g (=3200–3306), 49.3 (49–49.5) and 34.5 (34.4–34.6).

Conclusion 

The anthropometric measures of the new born babies in this study are near that found by the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study but higher than less developed countries.
LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE ANEURYSM
Authors: Salih Aso , Milhoan Kirk , Cicek Sertac
Published: July 2017

Left atrial appendage aneurysm is a rare condition that usually presents as cardiac arrhythmias or thromboembolic events. This is a report of a 14-year- old boy presented as supraventricular tachycardia that proved to be a case of left atrial appendage aneurysm. The aneurysm was surgically resected.
A SYNTHETIC CELL-PENETRATING PEPTIDE (CPP) WITH PROTAMINE CONJUGATE UTILIZED FOR GENE DELIVERY
Authors: Nore Beston
Published: July 2017

Background

There are two main gene transfer techniques, a non-biological method such as liposome/polycations (lipofection), electroporation and gene gun. A biological method like transduction, synthetic biomolecules and virus mediated transfer. 

Objective

The objective of this study is to utilize Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) as a novel tool for transferring and delivery of therapeutically active macromolecules and drugs in vitro and in vivo.

Materials and Methods

In this study, we utilized two synthetic CPPs, based on HIV-TAT protein, a minimal sequence of 11 amino acids with transducing domain activity. TAT is a subclass of CPPs, which often been used for intracellular targeting of proteins, but has not explored their application for DNA expression vectors. 

Results and Conclusion  

Here, we conjugated TAT to a DNA/RNA condensation moiety of Protamine, so called TAT-Protamine (TAT-P) and a branched dual TAT-Protamine (dTAT-P). Our results show that dTAT-P has both transduction capacity and DNA-condensation ability to deliver oligonucleotides and plasmid DNA into living cells. Experiments on living cells shows that there are many advantages in using dTAT-P for genetic delivery, expression plasmids of human proteins actin and Btk fusion with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP, in addition to FITC-labelled synthetic oligonucleotides.
DELIVERY CRITERION–BASED AUDITING SYSTEM AT TWO HEALTH FACILITIES IN ERBIL CITY-IRAQ
Authors: Raof Awring , AL-Hadithi Tariq , Al-Tawil Namir
Published: July 2017

Background

Criterion based audits of medical care and services have developed over the last 15 years. Criterion based audit is a well- known approach or tool for improving the quality of care in maternal units.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of care provided for normal deliveries in Erbil city, Iraq.

Methods

The study extended from 1st of April to the 30th of June 2009. A total of 1299 normal and 120 complicated birth records from the Maternity Teaching Hospital and Mala-Afandy Health Center were reviewed. The WHO questionnaire on Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment was adapted for this study. An initial assessment of the current practice was made by collecting information on five monitoring procedures or criteria (vaginal examin ation, fetal heart monitoring, blood pressure monitoring, birth weight measurement, and assessment of the condition of the newborn) then it was compared to the standard (norm).

Results 

Vaginal examination, fetal heart monitoring, blood pressure measurement and birth weight were recorded in 92.8%, 98.8%, 97.1% and 96.7% of total records, respectively. Substandard practices for vaginal examination, fetal heart monitoring, and blood pressure measurement were 69.6%, 45.4%, and 68.7% respectively. Partograph forms were available in labour rooms, but they were not in use. Assessment of the condition of newborn was not recorded.

Conclusion

The overall quality of care was poor with no use of partography. There is a need for development of clinical guidelines and protocols.
THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ABLATIVE FRACTIONAL CARBON DIOXIDE LASER FOR TREATMENT OF ACNE SCARS
Authors: Saeed Mohammad
Published: July 2017

Background

Acne is a prevalent condition in every society and often results in scarring. Prevention is the optimal method to avoid these scars; however; even with the best efforts, scars will certainly arise. Ablative Fractional Carbon –dioxide laser have recently introduced a good option by using principles of Fractional Photothermolysis which produces a tiny microscopic wound surrounded by undamaged tissue.

Objective

To determine efficacy and safety of ablative fractional CO2 laser for treatment of acne scars.

Methods

Fifteen patients with skin type III, IV, with moderate to severe facial acne scars (according to Goodman and Baron grading system of acne scarring), enrolled in this study were all treated with Ablative Fractional Carbon-dioxide Laser every 4-8 weeks for three consecutive sessions. All subjects were assessed by photographs before treatment and one month after the last session. Post treatment side effects were assessed after each session and one month after the last session.

Results

Post treatment side effects were mild to moderate and transient. Post treatment hyperpigmentation was not permanent. All patients who had moderate and severe scars before treatment changed to mild and moderate scars after completing the last session with decrease in the number and the size of the scars and these changes were statistically significant (P value = 0.002).

Conclusion

Ablative Fractional Carbon-dioxide Laser shown to be safe and effective treatment modality for moderate and severe acne scars.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF ANTI-CYCLIC CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE ANTIBODIES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; COMPARED WITH IGM AND IGA RHEUMATOID FACTORS
Authors: Tofiq Dana , Mousawy Khalida , Mirza Raouf
Published: July 2017

Background  

As modern treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is shifting toward aggressive anti-rheumatic therapy in an early phase of the disease to prevent the progression of joint damage (which is irreversible), diagnostic tests with high specificity are desirable.

Objective

To compare the diagnostic value (sensitivity and specificity) of the three tests (anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, rheumatoid factors IgM and IgA) in rheumatoid arthritis; to determine the test which gives the best combination of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

Patients and Methods

There were 47 rheumatoid patients, 16 scleroderma patients and 26 apparently healthy peoples, which were enrolled voluntarily in the study. Blood samples were taken from the three groups and analyzed to measure the serum levels of the three diagnostic tests.

Results

The sensitivities of the three tests were as the following: anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies 68.1%, rheumatoid factor IgM 78.7% and rheumatoid factor IgA 72.3%. There were no significant differences in sensitivities of the three tests and nearly all had the same sensitivity. The specificities of the three tests were as the following: anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies 97.6%, rheumatoid factor IgM 83.3% and rheumatoid factor IgA 90.5%. The specificity of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies was significantly higher than rheumatoid factor IgM. There were no significant differences between the specificities of anti- cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factor IgA, rheumatoid factor IgM and rheumatoid factor IgA. Therefore, the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies give the best specificity among the three diagnostic tests; and they were positive in 40% of seronegative (rheumatoid factor IgM negative) rheumatoid patients.

Conclusion

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies are useful tools in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, as they are comparably sensitive as the rheumatoid factors but they have the advantage of possessing excellent specificity. Also they have an additional diagnostic value, as they are positive in 40% of seronegative rheumatoid patients.
KNOWLEDGE OF PATIENTS ATTENDING ALI KAMAL HEALTH CENTER IN SULAIMANI CITY ABOUT CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Authors: Ali Bushra , Khaznadar Amanj , Rasmzy Zhian , Mustafa Saya
Published: July 2017

Background  

Coronary heart disease (CHD), the principal manifestation of cardiovascular diseases, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that, by 2020, coronary heart disease will become the world’s most important cause of death and disability and, further, the most important cause of premature death.

Objective

To assess the degree of knowledge of coronary heart disease among adults attending Ali Kamal Health Center in Sulaimani city and to identify factors associated with the knowledge.

Patients and Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 923 patients attending Ali Kamal Health Center in Sulaimani city, from 2nd April to 2nd July 2011. Close-ended questionnaires were used to evaluate participants' knowledge. SPSS version 17.0 was used for data analysis.

Results

Among 923 studied participants; 50.1% were female, the mean age was 33±12 years. About 34.9% of all participants were housewives or out of work, 56.6% were married, 85.04% had moderate economic status. Higher knowledge scores were found among older age, retired individuals, widows, (p-value < 0.05). TV was the main source of coronary heart disease's information among 32.9% of the patients.

Conclusion

Overall there is a significant relation between CHD knowledge level of the patients and level of education, occupation and marital status. There is low knowledge of warning signs and symptoms of CHD. The main source of patients' CHD information was TV.
EARLY AND LATE OUTCOMES IN REPAIRED TETRALLOGY OF FALLOT
Authors: Ahmed Rana , Salih Aso , Mohammed Najeeb , Mahmoud Suhair
Published: July 2017

Background  

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease which needs surgical repair usually during 1st year of life. Numerous early and late complications arise postoperatively such as right ventricular failure, arrhythmias, pulmonary valve and branch stenosis and regurgitation and VSD patch residual leak and dehiscence. The 2D, wave and color Doppler-echocardiography reveal an important tool not only in the diagnosis of children with such disease and its complications, but also in their follow up post operatively in whom further therapy can be provided.

Objective

This study aims to detect an early (within the 1st year) and late (after the 1st year) post surgical repair complications using 2D echo, wave and color Doppler-echocardiography and ventricular performance index. Correlate between type of operation performed and the type, time and severity of the complications that might appear. Find out the percentage, type, onset of post-surgical repair complications.

Patients and Methods

Children and adolescent of either sex suffered with TOF operated upon, or waiting for operation had been subjected to medical history, clinical examination, oxygen saturation, ECG, chest x-ray and Doppler- echocardiography. However, these tests had been done in Sulaimani Pediatric Teaching Hospital/ Pediatric Cardiology Department.

Results

This study shows that there is a significant increase in SpO2 after operation (P-value= 0.0001), RBBB show high incidence in group 2 (P-value = 0.0001), Pulmonary valve regurgitation shows high incidence in group 2 (P-value of (0.0001)), tricuspid regurgitation was also significant (P-value = 0.029), EF shows significant correlation with BSA (P-value = 0.0001) and Z-score of -2.62. MPI of the right ventricle of the two groups show the RVESD show significant finding (P-value = 0.042).

Conclusion

Patients with TOF operated upon are suspected to have several complications that need to be evaluated serially to illustrate their progression and if they need further intervention. The echocardiography is a non invasive, bedside, available and relatively cheap investigation of benefit in assessing these patients and their follow up.
VARIATION IN THE PALMARIS LONGUS TENDON IN SULAIMANI POPULATION
Authors: Karim Shilan , Al-Taee Ihsan
Published: July 2017

Background  

Ethnic variations in the prevalence of the absence of the palmaris longus (PL) tendon are well known. However, most studies have been done in Caucasian populations. The present study was done to know the occurrence of absence of palmaris longus tendon in Sulamani population.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of unilateral and bilateral absence of palmaris longus for the Sulaimani population of Kurdistan Region.

Subjects and Methods

The presence of the PL tendon was clinically determined in 300 (600 limbs) in normal male and female subjects bilaterally using the standard techniques. From the 300 subjects were; 150 male and 150 female, of (18-40) years old, 8 subjects were left hand dominant, i.e. 3%. In subjects with an absent PL tendon, three other tests were performed to confirm its absence.

Results

The 22 subjects (7.3%) were found to have bilateral absence of the palmaris longus tendon. From these 13 subjects were male (59%) and 9 subjects were female (40.9%). 33 subjects (11%) had unilateral absence of the tendon, of this 21 subjects absence of the right side (63.63%) and 12 subjects had absence in the left hand (36.36%). Of those with unilateral absence 20 were male (60.6%) and 13 were female subjects (39.3%).

Conclusion

Unilateral absence of PL percentage (11%) is more than the bilateral absence (7.3%) and both unilateral and bilateral absence is more in male compared to female. However this was not statistically significant. In those subjects with unilateral absence, the right side was found to be more commonly affected however no statistical significance was evident..
A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF THE LUMBAR SPINE IN ASYMPTOMATIC SUBJECTS IN SULAIMANI CITY BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: Shukri Shukri , Mahmood Kawa , Abdulrahman Shakhawan
Published: July 2017

Background

There are no available local data regarding normal dimensions of the lumbar spine. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a useful imaging method for the evaluation of spinal anatomy.

Objective

To evaluate normal dimensions of spinal canal, vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs.

Methods

This study was carried out on a total of 106 asymptomatic healthy Kurdish volunteers using a 1.5 Tesla MRI system in the imaging centre of Sulaimani Teaching Hospital.

Results

The mean midsagittal diameters of the lumbar bony spinal canal were 16.59 mm, 15.53 mm, 14.88 mm, 15.04 mm and 15.95 mm respectively. The mean intervertebral disc heights were 8.37 mm, 9.64 mm, 10.71 mm, 11.44 mm and 10.56 mm respectively.

Conclusion

The midsagittal spinal canal diameter is larger than that reported by other researchers in the neighboring countries.
ANATOMICAL VARIATION OF FRONTAL SINUSES EVALUATED BY CT SCAN IN RELATION TO AGE AND SEX IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Raoof Twana , Saeed Kamal , Mahmood Kawa
Published: July 2017

Background

There are considerable variations in the shape, capacity, and symmetry of the frontal sinuses. Hence, knowledge of frontal sinus anatomy and its variations is important for the diagnosis of sinus pathologies and prior to relevant surgical procedures.

Objectives

This study was undertaken to determine the presence of the anatomical variations and morphological characteristics of the frontal sinuses in a population aged between (20-85) years in Sulaimani city.

Methods

A review the CT scans of paranasal sinuses, which were taken in axial and coronal sections, of 100 individuals (58 males and 42 females), in the radiology department Sulaimani Teaching Hospital between April 1st 2009 to June 30th 2009.

Results

All measurements tended to be larger on the left side and were significantly larger in males than females. There was a significant difference in the anteroposterior dimensions of right and left sides in both sexes.

Conclusion

Morphometric features differed significantly in the two sexes at different ages and comparison with previous studies presented great regional variability.
VIDEO CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY: INDICATIONS, DIAGNOSTIC YIELD AND SAFETY IN SULAIMANI GOVERNORATE
Authors: Al-Karbuli Taha , Hussein Hiwa , Ramadhan Ali , Ameen Sabir
Published: July 2017

Background

The small intestine is the most difficult part of the intestine to examine. Video capsule endoscopy has revolutionized the study of the small intestine. Since its availability, no local data are available to optimize the use of this valuable diagnostic procedure.

Objectives

To review the indications, diagnostic yield and safety of video capsule endoscopy in a tertiary referral center.

Patients and Methods

This retrospective descriptive study was done in Kurdistan Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Sulaimani City from June 2009 to February 2012. A total of 43 patients underwent video capsule endoscopy during this period (18 females, 25 males) with their age ranging from 9 years to 87 years (mean=37 years).

Results

Indications of video capsule endoscopy were obscure gastrointestinal hemorrhage (N.=20, diagnostic yield=70%), suspicion of Crohn's disease (N.=11, diagnostic yield=64%), chronic abdominal pain (N.=8, diagnostic yield=50%), small intestinal polyposis syndrome (N.=2, diagnostic yield = 100%) and chronic unexplained diarrhea (N.=2, diagnostic yield=0%). The most common finding was gastrointestinal erosions and/or ulcers (N. = 21, 48.9%). No capsule retention has been recorded.

Conclusion

Video capsule endoscopy is safe and has an acceptable diagnostic yield in obscure gastrointestinal hemorrhage, Crohn's disease and small intestinal polyposis syndrome. However, more studies are warranted to establish the impact of these diagnostic yields on patient outcome rates.
ROLE OF INTRAVENOUS HUMAN ALBUMIN IN MANAGEMENT OF NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
Authors: Ismael Awat , Alrabaty Abbas
Published: July 2017

Background

Bilirubin is a known toxin to the newborn nervous system. Hyperbilirubinemia is treated by phototherapy and exchange blood transfusion; the intravenous infusion of human albumin can reduce the post-exchange serum bilirubin level and shorten duration of phototherpy and hence admission to hospital.

Objectives

To determine the role of intravenous administration of human albumin prior to exchange transfusion in term neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia for reduction of serum bilirubin.

Patients and Methods

In this Study, fifty out-born term neonates with gestational age of >37 weeks and birth weight of >2500 grams, but otherwise healthy with high serum bilirubin required blood exchange immediately or after intensive phototherapy failure; were admitted to the neonatal unit of Raparin Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil. The intervention group (n=25) received intravenous human albumin 20% (1 g/kg) one hour before exchange while the control group (n=25) underwent a blood exchange without intravenous human albumin.

Results

The mean total serum bilirubin (TSB) level in the albumin treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 6, 12 and 24 hours post-exchange (P<0.001). Mean duration of phototherapy was significantly reduced in the albumin treated group, compared to that in the control group (22.7±2.4 vs. 36±8.2 hours) respectively, (P<0.001). None of the neonates in the albumin treated group needed second exchange transfusion and no complications were observed.

Conclusion

Infusion of 20% albumin (1 g/kg) one hour prior to blood exchange transfusion can significantly reduce the post-exchange TSB, duration of phototherapy and the total duration of hospital admission.
PREVALENCE OF HUMAN INTESTINAL PARASITES IN SELECTED VEGETABLES IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Ali Shahnaz , Ameen Hersh
Published: July 2017

Background

Fresh vegetables are considered as an important part of healthy diet. In recent years, there has been an increase in number of reported cases of food borne illness linked to consuming fresh vegetables. Several surveys in different parts of the world showed that the vegetables can be agents for transmissions of protozoan cysts, oocysts and helminthes ova and larvae.

Objectives

The aim of present study is to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites such as ova, larvae, cysts, and oocysts in vegetables sold commercially in greengrocers in Sulaimani city which are consumed raw.

Methods

A total of 239 samples of five different vegetable types such as leek, celery, cress, green onion, lettuce were obtained from different markets. The collected plants were then examined for helminthes stages, protozoan cysts, and oocysts of intestinal parasites using centrifugation method and Baermann technique.

Results

Out of 239 samples, 119(49.79%) were positive for parasitic stages, the highest percentage of contamination was detected in leek (64.17%) followed by celery (51.61%), cress (48.1%), lettuce 11 (33.33%), and Green onion (32%). The results show that vegetables were positive for different species of parasites; the most prevalent were the cysts of Entamoeba histolytica (14.66%), Rhabditiform larvae (12.44%), ova of Ascaris lumbricoides (12%), Entamoeba coli (12%), Taenia spp. (10%), while the lowest prevalent were ova of Ancylostoma spp. (0.88%), Oesophagostomum spp. (0.88%), and Protostrongylus spp. (0.44%). There was significant difference between prevalence of parasitic organisms among the vegetables.

Conclusion

The results show that vegetables could be a potential source of parasitic infection.
LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF DENTAL ARCH WIDTH, LENGTH AND PALATAL MEASUREMENT CHANGES OCCURRING IN THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD FROM MIXED TO PERMANENT DENTITION IN SULAIMANI
Authors: Kareem Fadil , Mahmood Trefa , Rauf Aras
Published: July 2017

Background

Knowledge of arch dimensions is useful in providing a smooth occurrence of transient malocclusion, in predicting future orthodontic problems, normal occlusal changes in mixed dentition, and proper sequential exchange of permanent teeth. Moreover, dental arch dimensions change systematically during the period of intensive growth, development and less so in adulthood. The findings of the present study exhibited the highly significant greater mean value for males than females in both mixed and permanent dentitions except dental arch length and total arch length measurements in the permanent dentition in which no significant differences were reported.

Objective

This longitudinal study was conducted to investigate dental arch width, length and depth changes that happen at two different stages of dentition in 40 (20 males and 20 females) normal occlusion Kurdish children.

Materials and Methods

Dental casts were obtained and measurements were analyzed twice with 5 years intervals using digital sliding calipers with 0.001 sensitivity. First measurement was in mixed and second one in permanent dentition. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 15) program.

Results

The results showed that width changes in maxilla and mandible were significantly more in the permanent dentition than mixed dentition. Additionally, the findings demonstrated a greater mean value of measurements for males than females in both mixed and permanent dentitions except dental arch length (DAL) and total arch length (TAL) in the permanent dentition. Thus, significant sexual dimorphism was observed in most dimensions measured.

Conclusion

The outcome of the present study demonstrates that changes in dental arch dimensions should be taken in consideration during orthodontic treatments rendering the upshot of the treatment more acceptable.
SPONTANEOUS CLOSURE OF ISOLATED VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT IN THE FIRST FIVE YEARS OF LIFE
Authors: Salam Tishk , Salih Aso , Rashid Jamal
Published: July 2017

Background

Isolated VSD is the most common congenital heart defect. The defect can be in any portion in the septum and of different size that play an important role in the clinical outcomes of its spontaneous closure.

Objective

To correlate the size and location (excluding inlet type) of isolated VSD with spontaneous closure rate in the 1st 5 years of life.

Materials and Methods

This is a retrospective study for patient’s record with VSD that visited Sulaimani Pediatric Teaching Hospital during 1st of January 2006 to 30th of February 2011 in Echocardiography Unit observed and studied by the same operator. The data analysis of 87 children records with isolated VSD had been studied on frequent outpatient clinic visits and followed up for a maximum period of 5 years or until spontaneous closure had occurred. Results from two dimensional, and Doppler (spectral and color) echocardiography examinations were evaluated for each patient.

Results

The age range of patients at time of initial examination who received follow up was 5 days to 12 months old. Spontaneous closure occurred in 43 (49.4%) of the 87 cases that were followed up for 5 years. Thirty six (62.1%) cases of small, 7 (35%) cases of moderate and none of the patients with large VSDs had spontaneous closure. Spontaneous closure was noted in 34 (72.3%) of 47 cases of muscular defects and in 9 (22.5%) of 40 patients with perimembranous VSD. The time of spontaneous closure ranged from 1 to 60 months and it occurred most commonly during the first 24 months of age. By the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year cumulative spontaneous closure occurred in 28.7%, 43.6%, 47.1%, and 48.2% respectively and at the 5th year it was seen in all 43 cases.

Conclusion

More than half of the small and one third of moderate size VSD had spontaneous closure by 5 year of age. Two thirds of muscular and nearby one fourth of perimembraneous defects have closed spontaneously.The majority of spontaneous closures occurred in the first 2 years of life.
PROSTHODONTIC STATUS AMONG PATIENTS VISITING PERAMERD SPECIALIST DENTAL CENTRE IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: AL-Jmoor Cheman , Abdulkarim Jwan , Abdulaziz Jwan
Published: July 2017

Background

Tooth loss is a significant problem related to general health and the quality of life. The prevalence of edentulism and number of remaining teeth per capita are commonly used as main indicators of dental health status in national surveys.

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between socioeconomic and educational level of the patient, smoking, and the general health status with the tooth loss among a sample of Sulaimani city residents.

Patients and Methods

Two hundred fifty patients attending Peramerd Dental Centre / Prosthetic Clinic for treatment were included in the study. A formal case sheet was used to record the required information. The patients were informed that the recorded information was required for a research purpose and it will be used in a survey and their consents and agreements were taken verbally. The relationship between the variables were investigated then evaluated.

Results

The study results showed that; 158 of the patients were females (63.2%), 92 were male (36.8%). The age range of the patients was 30-60 years. Upper complete denture was (4.5) times more than lower complete denture, 222 (88.8%) of patients required removable partial denture in one or both arches. Insignificant difference was found in the construction of the complete denture in both arches when compared to one arch and related to age group. very highly significant difference were found in the number of patients wearing partial and or complete denture as related to socioeconomic/occupational status; (78.05%) of the complete denture patients were unemployed, (21.95%) were self employed and no one of the civil servant group required complete denture, while (44.14%) of the civil servant group demand removable partial denture. Patients with diabetes mellitus had the highest number of complete denture construction; 14 (34.1%), while the smokers had the highest number of missing teeth compared to the other health problems variables.

Conclusion

Socioeconomic level, smoking, and health problems as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, has a high influence upon the dental health and the number of the missing teeth in the mouth.
A DUAL CHAMBER PACEMAKER LEADS SWITCH AT THE HEADER – AN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHICAL AND CLINICAL PICTURE, A CASE REPORT
Authors: Hamdi Amar , Jastrzębski Marek , Hawas Jawad
Published: July 2017

In pacemaker practice the occurrence of atrial / ventricular leads switch at the pacemaker box header is very rare and may cause confusion and possibly serious complications as failure of pacing and probably cardiac standstill, recognizing and managing this complication is highly vital for patient safety and even survival.
CONTINUOUS DARKNESS INDUCES STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THYROID GLAND OF ADULT MALE RATS
Authors: Eleiwe Samia , Khamees Nibras , Karim Shilan
Published: July 2017

Background

The thyroid glands function and structure are influenced by several psychomotor stimulants like: temperature, drugs, chemicals and light. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous darkness on the thyroid glands of male rats. Despite so many previous works to explore the effect of exogenous or endogenous melatonin on thyroid, there are few studies dealing with the outcome of progressively increasing phases of darkness on thyroid architecture, according to the available literatures.

Objectives

This work is intended to study the effect of rising period of continuous darkness on thyroid tissues in adult male rats.

Methods

Adult Wister albino rats were kept in total 24 hours darkness for successive 4 phases. These rats were divided into 8 groups. Group II, III, IV and V were cited in continuous darkness for 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks in that order. Group Iɑ, Group Ib, Group Ic , and Group Id were control groups of group II, III, IV and V likewise. After the last day of the dark phase dedicated for each group, the animals were sacrificed under effect of anesthesia. The thyroid gland was separated, weighed and right lobe was practiced to study its structural changes.

Results

The results illustrated no key structural effect by short and medium phases of darkness, while on long phases; there was detrimental effect on thyroid tissues.

Conclusion

The continuous darkness for a long time has undesirable histological and anatomical changes on the thyroid tissues of the adult male rats in a manner correlated with the length of publicity.
PERCEPTION AND AWARENESS ABOUT BIRTH INTERVAL IN A SAMPLE OF WOMEN ATTENDING OUTPATIENT CLINICS OF TEACHING HOSPITALS IN ERBIL CITY
Authors: Rasul Aziza , Al-Hadithi Tariq
Published: July 2017

Background and Objectives

Adequate child-spacing is considered a positive factor for the health of mothers and their children. This study was done to assess perceptions of women about birth spacing and associated socio-demographic factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was done from April 2010 through April 2011 on 500 mothers aged 15–52 years attending outpatient clinics of teaching hospitals in Erbil city. All had given birth to at least 2 children within the last 10 years prior to the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire including socio-demographic information and perception about birth spacing.

Results

Only 25.6% preferred a birth interval of < 3 years, while the rest favored ≥ 3 years. Adequate birth spacing preference was significantly associated with younger age at marriage. Nearly half were not aware of the mortality and morbidity risks associated with short interval.

Conclusion

Women’s perception and awareness in Erbil city about birth interval is comparable to that of neighbouring countries. Nearly half of the women lacked awareness of importance of adequate birth spacing.
SEROPREVALENCE OF ANTI-RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS ANTIBODIES IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN SULAIMANI GOVERNORATE/ IRAQ
Authors: G. Aziz Tariq , Hussain Ali
Published: July 2017

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major respiratory pathogen among children, and it is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among hospitalized children.

Objectives

To measure the seroprevalence of anti-RSV antibodies among hospitalized children presenting with acute respiratory tract infections in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan/Iraq.

Methods

ELISA technique was used to detect serum anti-RSV antibodies (IgM and IgG antibodies) from 300 hospitalized children less than 5 years old with a diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections.

Results

IgM anti-RSV was positive in 61 (20.3%) out of 300 children. The highest seroprevalence was found in the age group 1 to < 2 years, while the lowest in the age group 2 to < 3 years. No significant gender difference was found among seropositive children. The IgM anti – RSV seropositive children were suffering from bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or other respiratory tract infections in a frequency of 29 (47.5%), 15 (24.6%), and 17 (27.9%). The IgG anti-RSV antibodies were positive in 216 (72%) out of the 300 children, and there was a gradual increase in percentage of seropositivity with increasing age.

Conclusion

RSV is a common viral respiratory pathogen among hospitalized children in Sulaimani governorate/ Kurdistan/Iraq, and most of the children had experienced RSV infection by the age of five years.
A POTENTIAL FOR THE SHORTEST TREATMENT OF MODERATELY SEVERE ACNE VULGARIS WITH THE USE OF MINIMUM- AND LOW- DOSE OF ISOTRETINOIN
Authors: Kaftan Faraedon
Published: July 2017

Background

Acne vulgaris is a common human skin disease. Isotretinoin is one of many pharmaceutical agents used in the treatment of patients with moderate and severe forms of acne.

Objectives

To use minimum- and low-dose of isotretinoin for the shortest period in the treatment of patients with moderate acne vulgaris.

Patients and Methods

We have carried out this study on 210 patients with moderate papulopustular acne. From the beginning to compare between the patients they were divided into two age groups: the first group between 12 and 20 years; the second group between 21 and 35 years. Both groups of patients were followed up for four years. All patients were treated for 4 months with isotroin capsules with a dosage of 40 mg/day in two divided doses for two months and then decreased to 20 mg/day for another two months. Before and after the two and four months treatment laboratory tests were carried out for complete blood cell counts, liver and lipid profiles (cholesterol and triglycerides). Pregnancy tests were also carried out before treatment in female patients of child-bearing potential and interested in this regimen.

Results

The first group included 110 patients, with a female/male ratio of 2:1, mean age 17.2 years, and a mean body weight of 56.3 kg. 99.1% of the patients achieved complete remission, whilst 0.9% of the patients failed to respond to the treatment. The relapse rate was 3.6% and the mean total dosage of isotroin was 63.9 mg/kg, whereas and the daily dose of the drug was 0.5 mg/kg/day. The second group included 100 patients, with a female/male ratio of 2.6:1, mean age 25.3 years, and a mean body weight of 66.8 kg. 99% of the patients achieved complete remission, whilst 1% of the patients failed to respond to the treatment. The relapse rate was 4%, the mean total dosage of isotroin was 53.9 mg/kg and the daily dose of the drug was 0.45 mg/kg/day. In both groups, the most common side effects in all the patients were mild to severe cheilitis and dryness of the skin. Only one patient suffered of epistaxis. After the 4-month treatment only one of the patients had high serum triglycerides. None of the patient had elevation of liver enzymes.

Conclusion

In moderately severe acne vulgaris, excellent results can be obtained with minimum- and low-dose oral isotretinoin for only four months of treatment.
Pediococcus pentosaceus SEPTIC ARTHRITIS OF KNEE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed , Omer Sherko , Fathulla Taha , Nori Rebar , Delmany Abdulla
Published: July 2017

A diabetic man with chronic liver disease developed septic arthritis of knee. The joint infection was caused by Gram positive cocci called Pediococcus pentosaceus.
OUTCOME OF CAPITONNAGE IN MANAGEMENT OF PULMONARY HYDATIDOSIS
Authors: Baram Aram , Al Ali Saffa
Published: July 2017

Background 

Pulmonary hydatidosis is an endemic disease in Iraq. The treatment of choice for pulmonary hydatid disease (PHD) is surgical. The the aims of surgery are evacuation of cyst contents, closure of bronchial openings, and prevention of intra-operative soiling. The management of residual cyst cavity is controversial and the majority of surgeon recommend leaving the cavity open. However, others prefer to close it by capitonnage.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess the outcome and safety of capitonnage in surgery of pulmonary hydatid cyst and comparing our results with the relevant literature.

Patients and Methods

Seventy two patients with diagnosis of PHD (simple or complicated) admitted to our institution from November, 1st 2010 to July, 1st 2013. The demographic and clinical features were recorded. Diagnostic work-up was clinical, plain chest X-rays aided by CT scan of the chest and bronchoscopy in doubtful cases. Serological tests were not done routinely. In all patients the residual cavity of the cyst was closed by capitonnage using a series of purse-string Vicryl sutures from the bottom outwards.

Results

The cysts were intact in 38 patients (52.17%) and ruptured in the remaining 34 (47.83%). lung parenchyma preserving techniques were used in all patients except one (1.4%) who had lobectomy. All patients run a smooth postoperative course except  five (6.9%) who developed prolonged air leak (n=1), empyema (n=2), empyema and pneumothorax (n=1) and one case of recurrence (1.4%). There was no mortality.

Conclusions

The results of capitonnage procedure in this series were superior to studies in which the cyst cavity was left open with lower complication and reoperation rates.
NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS IN SULAIMANIYAH, IRAQI KURDISTAN: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF 50 CASES
Authors: Hussain Nadhim Ari , Othman Nasih , Mustafa Nabaz
Published: July 2017

Background 

Very little is known about neural tube defects (NTDs) in Iraqi Kurdistan. This study was undertaken in Sulaymaniyah province in order to describe these defects in the area and report on the outcome of patients.

Methods

This descriptive study involved a case series of 50 patients admitted with NTD to the department of neurosurgery at Sulaimaniyah Teaching Hospital during 2006-2010.

Results

Ninety eight patients were admitted to the centre of whom 50 patients were included in the study. The estimated incidence at birth was 3.5 per 10,000, 56% of the patients were females and 44% were males with a female to male ratio of 1.27. The median age at first visit was 9 days (Interquartile range 1, 36). The maternal age ranged from 17-42 years with a mean age of 28 years (SD 6 years). Eight percent of the children had siblings with NTDs, 6% had other anomalies and 12% of their parents were relatives in blood. The majority of lesions (76%) were myelomeningocele, 14% were meningocele and 10% were myeloschisis. Only half of the patients were diagnosed during pregnancy and 30% of all patients had hydrocephalus at time of diagnosis. There was no significant association between sex and site of lesion (P=0.3) and between sex and type of the lesion (P=0.5).

Conclusion

Establishment of prenatal screening is essential in order to help parents to be prepared and make an informed decision about pregnancy. Antenatal care must be strengthened for all pregnant women and folic acid supplementation should be emphasized.
A REVIEW OF 27 PATIENTS TREATED WITH PAROTIDECTOMY AT AL-YARMOUK TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Salem Al-Kawaz Hayder , Salem Ehsan , Karim Shilan
Published: July 2017

Background 

Parotid gland tumors are the majority of tumors which arise in the salivary glands. Recommended treatment for parotid pathologies is surgical excision. Injury of the facial nerve is the most common complication encountered after parotid surgery.

Objective

Analyzing the clinical presentations, histopathology and complications following parotid surgery. 

Methods

Patient’s documents were reviewed for those underwent parotidectomy between September 2006 to June 2012. Diagnosis and surgical procedure were standardized in all cases. All patients were monitored thoroughly specially for facial nerve injury and they were followed up for six months.

Results

27 patients underwent Parotidectomy with a mean age of 51 years, with male to female ratio 2.8:1. There were two false negative (FN) and one false positive (FP) reported cases by  ne needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with sensitivity of 50% and a speci city of 95.65%. Pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest benign pathology (55.56%). Postoperative facial nerve injury encountered in (37.04 %). 80% of cases were completely recovered in 6 months.

Conclusion

FNAC should be performed in all patients but regarded only as a helpful investigation for management. And the risk of facial nerve palsy is related to the type, size and extend of the tumour and radicality of the resection done.
ANTIBACTERIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY IN URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG CHILDREN IN SULAIMANI
Authors: Hamawandi Adnan , Omer Sherko , Tayib Tara , Mustafa Mahammd
Published: July 2017

Background

Urinary tract infection is a common infection among children with recognized pathogens that can have different susceptibility to antibacterial agents in different communities. It is recognized as a cause of acute morbidity and chronic medical conditions.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify the causative agents in pediatric urinary tract infection as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated microorganisms.

Patients and Methods

A prospective study involved 86 pediatric patients suspected to have urinary tract infection. Physical examination and ultrasonographic examination were carried out. Urine samples were cultured, examined, and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed on bacterial isolates according to Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.

Results

Pyuria was found in 60 (70 %) of the urine samples. Twenty nine (39%) samples yielded a positive culture while 31 (61%) of pyuria samples yielded no growth. Seven (19%) urine samples showed no pyuria but yielded a positive culture. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli followed by Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin while 22 (95.6%) isolates out of 23 were susceptible to amikacin and 78% of E. coli were susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefixime and ciprofloxacin. E. coli isolates were highly resistant to cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin.

Conclusion

Pediatric urinary tract infections are more common in females than males in all age groups and affect more preschool age group. Common uropathogens were E. coli which were commonly resistant to many commonly used antibiotics such as cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin, but were highly sensitive to nitrofurantoin and amikacin.
SKIN NEEDLING THERAPY IS AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR ATROPHIC FACIAL ACNE SCARS
Authors: Kaftan Faraedon
Published: July 2017

Background

Acne is a common condition seen in up to 80% of people between 11 and 30 years of age. In some patients, the severe inflammatory response results in permanent scars. Atrophic facial scars are always a challenge to treat. Skin needling therapy is a new, simple and an effective treatment for such scars.

Objective

To assess the ef cacy of skin needling in the management of grade 2 and 3 atrophic facial acne scars.

Patients and Methods

Twenty five patients with facial acne scars were enrolled in the study (17 female and 8 male patients; age range 14–42 years). The severity of the lesions in each patient was scored on a 10-point scale (0 = no lesions; 10 = maximum severity) by the researcher involved in the study. Three groups of patients were identified and patients with Grade 2 and 3 atrophic facial acne scars were included. Patients were treated with skin needling procedure. Four photographs were taken for each patient by the researcher; one before, one immediately after the procedure done and another one after one month from the  first session then one month after the second session of the treatment. At every follow-up, the same researcher evaluated the scars, scoring them using the same scale as previously, to assess any clinical improvement in the severity of the lesions. The last follow-up was conducted one month after the second treatment then the photographs were compared with the photographs taken before the first treatment and each patient was given a new severity score.

Results

One month after the  rst session of skin needling; all patients had smoother facial skin and a slight reduction in lesion severity. One month after the second session of skin needling, the improvement in the acne rolling scars was evident as photographic comparison in each group of patients showed that the skin became thicker; and independent of the lesion grading the relative rolling scar depth was significantly reduced

Conclusion

Skin needling therapy is a simple, cheap, office method and an effective treatment for atrophic facial acne scars.