bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mycoprotein: A Healthy and Sustainable Source of Alternative Protein-Based Foods
Authors: Finnigan T.J.A. , Theobald H.E. , Bajka B.
Published: December 2024

Perhaps the most important challenge currently facing agrifood is how to ensure a more sustainable food system by changing the way we eat. Fermentation of fungi to produce mycoprotein can address this imperative by utilizing an age-old technology and a largely untapped natural resource. In this review, we look at the origins of mycoprotein, fermentation at scale, and downstream applications of mycoprotein as food. We review the advances in our understanding of the underpinning science from fermentation through to food development and the evidence base of research that provides insights into the impacts of diets rich in mycoprotein on both the health of our bodies and the environment. We show that mycoprotein has a valuable and future-facing role as a healthy new protein with a low environmental impact.
Supplementary Tables from Discovery of RGT-018: A Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable SOS1 Inhibitor for KRAS-Driven Cancers
Authors: Xiao Fei , Wang Kailiang , Wang Xinjuan , Li Huijuan , Hu Zhilong , Ren Xiaoming , Huang Wei , Feng Teng , Yao Lili , Lin Jing , Li Chunlai , Zhang Zhuanzhuan , Mei Liufeng , Zhu Xiaotian , Zhong Wenge , Xie Zhi
Published: December 2024

Supplementary Tables
Supplementary Figure S13 from TR-107, an Agonist of Caseinolytic Peptidase Proteolytic Subunit, Disrupts Mitochondrial Metabolism and Inhibits the Growth of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Giarrizzo Michael , LaComb Joseph F. , Patel Hetvi R. , Reddy Rohan G. , Haley John D. , Graves Lee M. , Iwanowicz Edwin J. , Bialkowska Agnieszka B.
Published: December 2024

Supplementary Figure S13. TR-107 treatment impacts the transcriptomic profile of HCT116 cells. (A) Downregulated pathway analysis in HCT116 cells identified related transcripts, which were grouped by pathway and filtered by significance and strength of association (Odds ratio) with treatment condition. (B) and (C) RT-PCR analysis of components of ISR and ferroptosis pathways in HCT116 after 24 and 72 hours of TR-107 treatment, respectively. The green lane denotes a 2-fold cut-off, and the red lane – is a 0.5-fold cut-off. Data are presented as mean ± SD values (N=3). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.
Figure S3 from Discovery and Characterization of Brigimadlin, a Novel and Highly Potent MDM2–p53 Antagonist Suitable for Intermittent Dose Schedules
Authors: Gollner Andreas , Rudolph Dorothea , Weyer-Czernilofsky Ulrike , Baumgartinger Rosa , Jung Peter , Weinstabl Harald , Ramharter Jürgen , Grempler Rolf , Quant Jens , Rinnenthal Jörg , Pérez Pitarch Alejandro , Golubovic Bojana , Gerlach Daniel , Bader Gerd , Wetzel Kristiane , Otto Sebastian , Mandl Christian , Boehmelt Guido , McConnell Darryl B. , Kraut Norbert , Sini Patrizia
Published: December 2024

Brigimadlin treatment leads to accumulation of p53 in the nucleus.
Supplementary Table S4 from Separable Cell Cycle Arrest and Immune Response Elicited through Pharmacological CDK4/6 and MEK Inhibition in RASmut Disease Models
Authors: Wu Jin , Wang Jianxin , O’Connor Thomas N. , Tzetzo Stephanie L. , Gurova Katerina V. , Knudsen Erik S. , Witkiewicz Agnieszka K.
Published: December 2024

Supplementary Table S4. RAS mutation status in soft tissue sarcoma cell models.
Data from Fatty Acid Derivatization and Cyclization of the Immunomodulatory Peptide RP-182 Targeting CD206high Macrophages Improve Antitumor Activity
Authors: Singh Sitanshu S. , Calvo Raul , Kumari Anju , Sable Rushikesh V. , Fang Yuhong , Tao Dingyin , Hu Xin , Castle Sarah Gray , Nahar Saifun , Li Dandan , Major Emily , Sanchez Tino W. , Kato Rintaro , Xu Xin , Zhou Jian , Liu Liang , LeClair Christopher A. , Simeonov Anton , Baljinnyam Bolormaa , Henderson Mark J. , Marugan Juan , Rudloff Udo
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) exercise a plethora of protumor and immune evasive functions, novel strategies targeting TAMs to inhibit tumor progression have emerged within the current arena of cancer immunotherapy. Activation of the mannose receptor 1 (CD206) is a recent approach that recognizes immunosuppressive CD206high M2-like TAMs as a drug target. Ligation of CD206 both induces reprogramming of CD206high TAMs toward a proinflammatory phenotype and selectively triggers apoptosis in these cells. CD206-activating therapeutics are currently limited to the linear, 10mer peptide RP-182, 1, which is not a drug candidate. In this study, we sought to identify a better suitable candidate for future clinical development by synthesizing and evaluating a series of RP-182 analogs. Surprisingly, fatty acid derivative 1a [RP-182-PEG3-K(palmitic acid)] not only showed improved stability but also increased affinity to the CD206 receptor through enhanced interaction with a hydrophobic binding motif of CD206. Peptide 1a showed superior in vitro activity in cell-based assays of macrophage activation which was restricted to CD206high M2-polarized macrophages. Improvement in responses was disproportionally skewed toward improved induction of phagocytosis including cancer cell phagocytosis. Peptide 1a reprogrammed the immune landscape in genetically engineered murine KPC pancreatic tumors toward increased innate immune surveillance and improved tumor control and effectively suppressed tumor growth of murine B16 melanoma allografts.
Supplementary Figure-8 from TEAD2 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Sorafenib Resistance via TAK1 Transcriptional Activation
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Ren Yidan , Dong Guoying , Jiao Qinlian , Guo Nan , Gao Ping , Li Ya , Wang Yunshan , Zhao Wei
Published: December 2024

Supplementary Figure-8
Supplementary Figure Legends from TEAD2 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Sorafenib Resistance via TAK1 Transcriptional Activation
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Ren Yidan , Dong Guoying , Jiao Qinlian , Guo Nan , Gao Ping , Li Ya , Wang Yunshan , Zhao Wei
Published: December 2024

Supplementary Figure Legends
Supplementary Table 6 from EHMT1/2 Inhibition Promotes Regression of Therapy-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Tumors in a CD8 T-cell–Dependent Manner
Authors: Nguyen Lily L. , Watson Zachary L. , Ortega Raquel , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Jordan Kimberly R. , Iwanaga Ritsuko , Yamamoto Tomomi M. , Bailey Courtney A. , To Francis , Lin Shujian , Villagomez Fabian R. , Jeong Abigail D. , Guntupalli Saketh R. , Behbakht Kian , Gibaja Veronica , Arnoult Nausica , Chuong Edward B. , Bitler Benjamin G.
Published: December 2024

Hallmark pathways negatively enriched in ID8-R cells treated with combinatory UNC0642/Olaparib compared to DMSO control.
Data from Construction and Validation of a Novel Forecasting Nomogram to the Risk of Colorectal Adenomas: Preventing Colorectal Cancer at Its Origin
Authors: Li Mao , Cui Mingyu , Zhou Xiaobin , Song Ying
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Colorectal adenomas are responsible for the origin of most colorectal cancers. Early detection together with active intervention of colorectal adenomas plays a crucial role in the prevention of colorectal cancer. This study aimed to construct and validate a new nomogram for the forecasting of the risk of colorectal adenomas based on lifestyle risk factors that could offer potential benefits for colorectal cancer prevention. Colonoscopy reports, pathology reports, physical factors, family history, personal history of disease, diet, and lifestyle habits were collected from 1,133 subjects who underwent complete colonoscopy. All subjects were divided into the training cohort (n = 792) and the validation cohort (n = 341). A nomogram predicting the risk of colorectal adenoma development was constructed using the training cohort, and the C-index was calculated. The predictive accuracy and clinical applicability of the nomogram were verified in the validation cohort. The nomogram was constructed by six statistically significant variables selected from 18 health factors, including advanced age, male, smoking, drinking, pickles, and irregular defecation. The C-index of the training cohort was 0.778, and the C-index of the validation cohort was 0.754. The calibration curve and decision curve analysis also confirmed that the model has good predictive ability and high profit. The nomogram constructed in this study was validated and can be applied to predicting the occurrence risk of colorectal adenoma. The model can guide the identification of patients with nonsymptomatic colorectal adenomas and the recognition of high-risk individuals for whom colonoscopy is advisable.

Prevention Relevance: Colorectal adenomas are the origin of most colorectal cancers. In this research, we explored the risk factors of colorectal adenomas and constructed a colorectal adenoma risk prediction nomogram in the expectation of early detection of patients with nonsymptomatic colorectal adenoma and advocated for their aggressive treatment to achieve colorectal cancer prevention.
Figure S9 from CAR T Cells Engineered to Secrete IFNκ Induce Tumor Ferroptosis via an IFNAR/STAT1/ACSL4 Axis
Authors: Gao Yaoxin , Liu Shasha , Huang Yifan , Wang Hui , Zhao Yuyu , Cui Xuyang , Peng Yajing , Li Feng , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2024

IFN-κ-CD276-CAR-T cells showed more safety in vivo.
Figure S2 from CAR T Cells Engineered to Secrete IFNκ Induce Tumor Ferroptosis via an IFNAR/STAT1/ACSL4 Axis
Authors: Gao Yaoxin , Liu Shasha , Huang Yifan , Wang Hui , Zhao Yuyu , Cui Xuyang , Peng Yajing , Li Feng , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2024

IFN-κ increased sensitivity of tumor ferroptosis.
Figure S6 from Integrated Germline and Somatic Features Reveal Divergent Immune Pathways Driving Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Sears Timothy J. , Pagadala Meghana S. , Castro Andrea , Lee Ko-han , Kong JungHo , Tanaka Kairi , Lippman Scott M. , Zanetti Maurizio , Carter Hannah
Published: December 2024

Fig S6. Difference in feature importance rankings of composite model features in linear (left) versus nonlinear (right) models.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Cannabidiol Enhances Atezolizumab Efficacy by Upregulating PD-L1 Expression via the cGAS–STING Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kim Bu Gyeom , Kim Bo Ram , Kim Dae Yeong , Kim Woo Young , Kang Sanghee , Lee Sun Il , Oh Sang Cheul
Published: December 2024

CBD-induced PD-L1 expression in murine TNBC cells
Figure S4 from Integrated Germline and Somatic Features Reveal Divergent Immune Pathways Driving Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Sears Timothy J. , Pagadala Meghana S. , Castro Andrea , Lee Ko-han , Kong JungHo , Tanaka Kairi , Lippman Scott M. , Zanetti Maurizio , Carter Hannah
Published: December 2024

Fig S4. A-C. Pearson correlation of three different IC-Index scores with TMB. D. Purity vs ploidy across all patients, colored by response with pearson correlation shown. E-G. ROC plots comparing the performance of composite IC-Index to TMB and clinical predictors of ICB response. H-I. ROC comparing the performance of composite IC-Index to transcriptomic predictors of ICB response J. Histogram of composite IC-Index across patients, colored by ICB response status.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Cannabidiol Enhances Atezolizumab Efficacy by Upregulating PD-L1 Expression via the cGAS–STING Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kim Bu Gyeom , Kim Bo Ram , Kim Dae Yeong , Kim Woo Young , Kang Sanghee , Lee Sun Il , Oh Sang Cheul
Published: December 2024

CBD regulates immune checkpoint molecules in breast cancer cell lines
Table S5 from CD91 and Its Ligand gp96 Confer Cross-Priming Capabilities to Multiple APCs during Immune Responses to Nascent, Emerging Tumors
Authors: Nayak Devanshi A. , Sedlacek Abigail L. , Cillo Anthony R. , Watkins Simon C. , Binder Robert J.
Published: December 2024

DEGs- cDC1 vs cDC2/MoDCs
Table S6 from Peripheral Blood–Derived PD-1/CD28–CD19 CAR–Modified PD-1+ T-Cell Therapy in Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhao Xuan , Zhao Qitai , Chen Xinfeng , Li Congcong , Liu Yaqing , Shen Chunyi , Song Lijie , Miao Lijun , Guo Fuyou , Mou Xiaoning , Zhao Jie , Gu Weiyue , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2024

Marker genes of T cell clusters.
Figure S10 from CD91 and Its Ligand gp96 Confer Cross-Priming Capabilities to Multiple APCs during Immune Responses to Nascent, Emerging Tumors
Authors: Nayak Devanshi A. , Sedlacek Abigail L. , Cillo Anthony R. , Watkins Simon C. , Binder Robert J.
Published: December 2024

Supplementary Figure 10 . CD91 expression on APC subsets in the skin and lymph nodes at steady state.
Table S1 from PTPRZ1-Targeting RNA CAR T Cells Exert Antigen-Specific and Bystander Antitumor Activity in Glioblastoma
Authors: Martinez Bedoya Darel , Marinari Eliana , Davanture Suzel , Castillo Cantero Luis , Erraiss Sarah , Dockerill Millicent , Barluenga Sofia , Winssinger Nicolas , Schaller Karl , Bijlenga Philippe , Momjian Shahan , Voize Christel , Tissot Stéphanie R. , Kandalaft Lana E. , Hammel Philippe , Cosson Pierre , Walker Paul R. , Dutoit Valérie , Migliorini Denis
Published: December 2024

Primer pairs for CAR-T cell phenotyping by qPCR
Supplementary Tables S1 from Spatially Resolved Whole-Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiling of Lung Cancer and Its Immune Microenvironment According to PD-L1 Expression
Authors: Koh Jaemoon , Lee Dongjoo , Kim Sehui , Song Seung Geun , Han Bogyeong , Jeong Hyein , Kim Young A , Keam Bhumsuk , Lee Se-Hoon , Kim Kwangsoo , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Chung Doo Hyun
Published: December 2024

Clinical and pathological features of 38 patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Supplementary Table S9 from Spatially Resolved Whole-Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiling of Lung Cancer and Its Immune Microenvironment According to PD-L1 Expression
Authors: Koh Jaemoon , Lee Dongjoo , Kim Sehui , Song Seung Geun , Han Bogyeong , Jeong Hyein , Kim Young A , Keam Bhumsuk , Lee Se-Hoon , Kim Kwangsoo , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Chung Doo Hyun
Published: December 2024

The most up- or downregulated gene sets in tumor cells between IF_PDL1H and ID_PDL1H
Supplementary Table S7 from Spatially Resolved Whole-Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiling of Lung Cancer and Its Immune Microenvironment According to PD-L1 Expression
Authors: Koh Jaemoon , Lee Dongjoo , Kim Sehui , Song Seung Geun , Han Bogyeong , Jeong Hyein , Kim Young A , Keam Bhumsuk , Lee Se-Hoon , Kim Kwangsoo , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Chung Doo Hyun
Published: December 2024

The most up- or downregulated gene sets in immune cells between IF_PDL1H and IF_PDL1L
Figure S3 from Hyper-Interferon Sensitive Influenza Induces Adaptive Immune Responses and Overcomes Resistance to Anti–PD-1 in Murine Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Du Yushen , Salehi-Rad Ramin , Zhang Tian-hao , Crosson William P. , Abascal Jensen , Chen Dongdong , Shi Yuan , Jiang Hong , Tseng Yen-Wen , Ma Xi , Hong Mengying , Wang Sihan , Wang Xijuan , Tang Kejun , Hu Shiyao , Li Yuting , Ni Shaokai , Cai Yiqi , Tappuni Shahed , Shen Yong , Liu Bin , Sun Ren
Published: December 2024

In vitro studies with Irf3KO 1940A-KPL, B16F10-ΔS, B16F10-ΔL, B16F10-Jak2KO, B16F10-Jak1KO cell lines
Pain level and analgesic requirements in patients who underwent vaginal pelvic floor surgery following general or spinal anesthesia
Authors: Yohay Zehava , Binyamin Yair , Saban Alla , Weintraub Adi Y. , Cohen Nurit , Yohay Neriya , Dubilet Michael
Published: December 2024

Objective:
This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate postoperative pain levels and analgesic drug requirements in women who underwent GA or SA during vaginal pelvic floor surgeries.
Design:
A retrospective cohort study.
Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods:
Women aged 18 or above who underwent vaginal pelvic floor surgery between 2019 and 2021 were included in the study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed separately for vaginal wall repair and stress urinary incontinence surgery.
Results:
During the study period, 101 women underwent surgery under SA, and 99 women underwent surgery under GA. Intravenous analgesia administration rates were significantly lower under SA for both vaginal wall repair (20.2% vs. 38.9%, P=0.017) and mid-urethral sling placement (20.2% vs. 37.8%, p=0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed that intravenous analgesia requirement was significantly lower in the SA group than in the GA group after controlling for patient’s age, concurrent hysterectomy, and mesh placement for vaginal wall repair (aOR= 0.33, p=0.008) and mid-urethral sling placement (aOR= 0.37, p=0.004).
Limitaions:
This is a rerospective study, thus the choice of anesthesia may be biased.
Conclusion:
SA is associated with less postoperative pain and intravenous analgesia requirement in women who undergo vaginal pelvic floor surgeries. However, further research is needed to determine the preferred anesthesia method for specific types of pelvic floor surgeries.
Keywords:
GENERAL ANESTHESIA; SPINAL ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA, PELVIC FLOOR SURGERY, PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE, STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE, ERAS.
Synopsis:
Vaginal pelvic floor surgeries under spinal anesthesia is associated with less postoperative pain and intravenous analgesia requirement
Diagnostic value of artificial intelligence-based pathology diagnosis system in lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer
Authors: Zhao Tiantian , Wu Qiong , Zhu Chenglou , Da Mingxu , Ma Hong
Published: December 2024

Introduction Gastric cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with lymph node metastasis (LNM) being an independent prognostic factor. However, there are still challenges in the pathological diagnosis of LNM in gastric cancer (GC). The aim of this meta-analysis is to systematically evaluate the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) in detecting LNM in GC from whole-slide pathological images..
Methods As of March 24, 2024, a comprehensive search for studies on the pathological diagnosis of GC LNM AI was performed in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI. Meta-analysis of the included data was performed using Meta-Disc 1.4, Review Manager 5.4, and Stata SE 17.0 software to calculate diagnostic metrics such as overall sensitivity and specificity. The overall diagnostic performance of the AI was assessed. Meta-regression analysis explored sources of heterogeneity.
Results A total of 7 articles involving 1,669 GC patients were included. The analysis showed that AI had a sensitivity of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84-0.94) and a specificity of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91-0.98) for the diagnosis of GC LNM, with significant heterogeneity across studies. The area under the curve was 0.97, indicating an excellent diagnostic value. Meta-regression analysis showed that the sample size and the number of study centers contributed to the heterogeneity.
Conclusion AI for diagnosing LNM in GC from whole-slide pathological images demonstrates high accuracy, offering significant clinical implications for improving diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Trends in Olfactory Threshold Test Results and Limits of Olfactory Testing in Patients with Parosmia
Authors: Tei Masayoshi , Mori Eri , Sekine Rumi , Kishimoto Yuji , Tanaka Hirotaka , Nagai Monami , Tsurumoto Yuka , Otori Nobuyoshi
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Parosmia poses a clinical challenge due to a lack of established testing methods, leading to underestimated self-reported symptoms. This study investigates olfactory threshold trends, aiming to highlight parosmia prevalence, analyze threshold patterns, and assess diagnostic potential in current olfactory testing.
Methods
A total of 407 patients who visited our olfactory clinic from April 2009 to September 2015 were categorized into parosmia and non-parosmia groups based on initial visit questionnaires. The Jet Stream T&T Olfactometer measured olfactory thresholds, including mean detection and recognition thresholds, and the left-right detection threshold difference. Patient characteristics such as gender, age, time from symptom onset to hospital visit, and smoking status were compared. The study also aimed to diagnose parosmia with olfactory identification ability tests such as Open Essence and the gap between T&T detection and recognition thresholds.
Results
Parosmia prevalence was 18%, with a significant gender difference and a shorter onset-to-visit duration in the parosmia group. Post-traumatic and post-infectious olfactory dysfunctions exhibited higher parosmia prevalence. Olfactory threshold testing revealed significantly lower average detection(p=0.014) and recognition(p=0.005) thresholds in the parosmia group, with a left-right difference in detection thresholds(p=0.012). No significant differences were found in identification ability tests. Results suggest that preserved sense of smell is crucial for perceiving parosmia symptoms.
Conclusion
Parosmia was observed in 18% of patients, more commonly among females and often following trauma or infection. It presents diagnostic challenges, as patients tend to maintain olfactory thresholds, making subjective assessments essential for diagnosis. The significant left-right differences in detection thresholds suggest that olfactory lateralization may play a role in the manifestation of parosmia symptoms. Our findings suggest that a unilateral occlusion test, which identifies which nostril is more likely to cause parosmia, could allow for more targeted treatment.
Post-Stroke Osteoporosis Screening: A Scoping Review
Authors: Knight Sydney , Swance Rachel , Bateman Emma A. , Clemens Kristin K. , Papaioannou Alexandra , Fleet Jamie L.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: There are no specific screening recommendations for post-stroke osteoporosis despite evidence that people post-stroke are at heightened risk of fragility fractures. Our objective was to explore the extent of evidence and map the current literature available for osteoporosis screening in the post-stroke population.
Methods: This scoping review searched for articles in Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases published in English before May 2024, involving osteoporosis screening for adults after stroke. Title and abstract screening as well as full text review and data extraction was performed by two reviewers. Analysis of the studies is descriptive and narrative.
Results: Eight articles met inclusion criteria: five published articles and three peer-reviewed conference abstracts. Three study designs were utilized: four cross-sectional studies, three cohort studies, and one survey. Four studies investigated post-stroke osteoporosis screening rates, two looked at screening pathways for post-stroke osteoporosis, and two assessed novel osteoporosis screening tools. No post-stroke osteoporosis screening guidelines were found. Across all included studies, reported screening rates for post-stroke osteoporosis were less than 10%.
Conclusions: This scoping review emphasizes the need for osteoporosis screening guidelines and risk assessment tools specific to the post-stroke population.
Ectopic atrial beats may cause a ZigZag pattern at intrapartum recording of the fetal heart rate using fetal scalp electrode
Authors: Dall'Asta Andrea , Melito Chiara , Fieni Stefania , Ghi Tullio
Published: December 2024

Novel Insights
Continuous intrapartum fetal heart rate assessment by fetal scalp electrode may record arrythmias like recurrent atrial ectopic beats and depict an increased fetal heart rate variability mimicking a ZigZag pattern.
Introduction
Fetal scalp electrode (FSE) is considered the gold standard for the intrapartum monitoring of the fetal heart rate (FHR) being associated with the lowest rate of signal loss and artifacts including the recording of the maternal heart rate. FSE acquires a fetal electrocardiogram and evaluates the time intervals between successive R waves. As such, it allows the recording of the beat-to-beat fluctuation of the FHR. However, due to the precise estimation of the inter-beat interval, FSE may also demonstrate recurrent atrial ectopic beats and register a highly oscillatory FHR pattern mimicking a saltatory or ZigZag appearance.
Case Presentation
We herein describe a case of intrapartum supraventricular ectopic beats leading to the recording of a saltatory appearance of the FHR that could be demonstrated using FSE only and precluded a reliable assessment of intrapartum fetal oxygenation. Transabdominal gray-scale and M-mode ultrasound assessment of the fetal heart documented supraventricular ectopic beats recurring in 1 out of 10-12 beats, thus supporting the hypothesis that the abnormal FHR pattern on the CTG trace was secondary to fetal arrhythmia and not to rapidly evolving fetal hypoxia.
Conclusion
In supraventricular fetal arrhythmia the use of FSE for continuous intrapartum FHR monitoring differently from external ultrasound transducer may capture a highly variable CTG pattern which is caused by the registration of the ectopic atrial beats and not by a rapidly evolving hypoxia.
O predominio da Leptospira ictero-hemorrhagica nos ratos de São Paulo - bacilos semelhantes aos da peste encontrados nos ratos da cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Smillie Wilson G.
Published: December 2024

A leptospira causadora da febre ictero- hemorrhagica adquiriu grande importancia para os scientistas, hygienista~ e medicos nestes ultimos annos, devido as epidemias dessa molestia no Japão, nas trincheiras em França e na Italia, e á descoberta da extensa disseminação do seu agente etiologico, tanto no velho como no novo mundo.
Mindfulness-based neurofeedback: A systematic review of EEG and fMRI studies
Authors: Treves Isaac N. , Greene Keara D. , Bajwa Zia , Wool Emma , Kim Nayoung , Bauer Clemens C.C. , Bloom Paul A. , Pagliaccio David , Zhang Jiahe , Whitfield-Gabrieli Susan , Auerbach Randy P.
Published: December 2024

Neurofeedback concurrent with mindfulness meditation may reveal meditation effects on the brain and facilitate improved mental health outcomes. Here, we systematically reviewed electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of mindfulness meditation with neurofeedback (mbNF) and followed PRISMA guidelines. We identified 9 fMRI reports, consisting of 177 unique participants, and 9 EEG reports, consisting of 242 participants. Studies of fMRI focused primarily on downregulating the default-mode network (DMN). Although studies found decreases in DMN activations during neurofeedback, there is a lack of evidence for transfer effects, and the majority of studies did not employ adequate controls, for example, sham neurofeedback. Accordingly, DMN decreases may have been confounded by general task-related deactivation. EEG studies typically examined alpha, gamma, and theta frequency bands, with the most robust evidence supporting the modulation of theta band activity. Both EEG and fMRI mbNF have been implemented with high fidelity in clinical populations. However, the mental health benefits of mbNF have not been established. In general, mbNF studies would benefit from sham-controlled RCTs, as well as clear reporting (e.g., CRED-NF).
The use of silver nanoparticles against aflatoxin contamination in crops – mechanism, challenges and future scope
Authors: Gobikanila K. , Jeyaramraja P.R.
Published: December 2024

Certain Aspergillus spp. release harmful byproducts known as aflatoxins. These carcinogenic toxins contaminate crops, such as groundnut, maize, and rice. This contamination poses a significant health risk and economic burden. Current control methods have limitations. This review explores the potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a novel strategy to mitigate aflatoxin contamination (AC). The review highlights the advantages of AgNPs, such as (1) antimicrobial properties against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, the aflatoxin producers; (2) effectiveness at concentrations that do not inhibit fungal growth, potentially reducing aflatoxin production; and (3) potential for eco-friendly synthesis using plant extracts. The review also discusses the potential drawbacks of AgNPs viz. (a) environmental concerns regarding accumulation and impact on beneficial soil microbes; and (b) cytotoxicity towards various organisms, requiring further research on safety. Studies suggest AgNPs can inhibit aflatoxin synthesis by disrupting the transcription of aflatoxin biosynthesis genes, damaging the fungal cell membrane and causing leakage of cellular components, and interfering with the secondary metabolism pathway. The review concludes that AgNPs offer a promising approach for aflatoxin control. However, further research is needed to address cytotoxicity concerns and optimise their safe and effective application in agricultural settings.
A review of Chinese Prosopistomatidae with a description of the first Asian Prosopistoma imago of a new species (Insecta: Ephemeroptera)
Authors: Zheng Xuhongyi , Mu Pengxu , Zhou Changfa
Published: December 2024

Previously, no adult of the Asian Prosopistomatidae had been reported despite that this region has over half species of the family. Similarly, while six species have been discovered in China, they have never been systematically compared. In this study, we provide detailed photos of all Chinese Mainland species, including a new one named Prosopistoma wuchang sp. nov. In nymphs, the new species has a flat body and a distinct carapace color pattern. In adults, it exhibits clear sexual dimorphism in both color and structure. Males can be recognized by unnotched posterior flange of imaginal head, U-shaped median notch of imaginal penes and hooked claw of subimagos. Females can be recognized by uniformly brown body, non-branching veins of hindwings, postero-lateral projections of abdominal segments and the white filament arising from mesonotum. Taxonomically, this new species represents the first known adult from Asia and the first nymph-adult association via molecular sequences. Biologically, the nymphs of this new species live in the rapid currents of a wide river in southwestern China, while the adults emerge at dawn.
Closing the Protection Gap Through a Legally Binding cedaw Optional Protocol on Violence against Women and Girls
Authors: Manjoo Rashida , Beninger Christina
Published: December 2024

Highlighting the historical developments of soft law normative standards on violence against women, as reflected in the documents and interpretations of mechanisms of the United Nations system, the article asserts that there is a need to close the protection gap in international law, and address the issues of widespread impunity, lack of accountability and state responsibility failures. An analysis of select treaty-making processes provides an illustrative picture and understanding of the possibilities regarding addressing the protection gap in respect of violence against women, which is acknowledged as a widespread and pervasive human rights violation. This article focuses on the developments in selected international lawmaking processes, in attempts to close identified protection gaps within international law. The authors propose a solution: the adoption of an Optional Protocol on violence against women and girls, attached to the UN Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women. The international treaty-making processes identified in the article provide lessons learned and make recommendations on suggested ways to approach the issue.
The Development of AI
Authors: Dobrovolska Olena , Rakhnin Andriy
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained popularity due to rapid advancements in the field. For over twenty years, AI has been expanding into various areas of human life, including science, education, medicine, and personal life. As a result of this significant progress, artificial intelligence has become the focus of multiple scientific disciplines; however, the philosophical analysis of the current state of the field remains understudied.

The analysis of the development of AI in the 21st century from philosophical perspectives has been conducted. Utilizing Stepin’s concept of the foundations of science, we conclude that since the end of the 20th century, there has not been a scientific revolution in the field of AI. Nevertheless, AI is at the peak of its development due to substantial technological advancements. Each area within the field is open to new practical and theoretical achievements; consequently, the study of artificial intelligence will remain a focus in the future.
Re-assessment of the familial position of Pseudohypnella (Symphyodontaceae, Bryophyta), with a new record of P. verrucosa in Vietnam
Authors: MYOTOISHI CHIHIRO , INOUE YUYA , NGOC NGUYEN VAN , AKIYAMA HIROYUKI
Published: December 2024

A unique moss species, Pseudohypnella verrucosa with two kinds of papillae on laminal cells and double costae reaching to midleaf is newly reported from Vietnam. Its familial position in the Symphyodontaceae is newly proposed based on molecular analysis using ITS1&2 and trnL-F and supported by its morphology.
A new Trunk Rot species in the genus Kretzschmaria (Xylariaceae) from Guangxi, China
Authors: LU CHANGTAO , HU HONGMIN , HABIB KAMRAN , REN YULIN , KANG YINGQIAN , SHEN XIANGCHUN , LI QIRUI , LONG QINGDE
Published: December 2024

Kretzschmaria shiwandashanensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the tropical forests of Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China. The new taxon is characterized by stromata with narrow connective tissues, crenate sloped margins, distinctive cracks on the surface, and relatively small ascospores. According to phylogenetic analysis of combined internal transcribed spacers (ITS), alpha actin (ACT), beta-tubulin (TUB2) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit sequences (rpb2), the new species is closely related to K. sandvicensis, from which it is distinguished by its smaller perithecia and ascospores that are shorter and broader. Descriptions, illustrations, and phylogeny of the new species are provided.
Towards a better understanding of deep-sea tardigrade biogeography: numerous new records from the Southern Ocean
Authors: TROKHYMCHUK ROMAN , SCHMIDT-RHAESA ANDREAS , UTEVSKY SERGE , KRISTENSEN REINHARDT MØBJERG , KIENEKE ALEXANDER
Published: December 2024

To date, only eight species of marine tardigrades have been recorded from the Southern Ocean. A total of 1210 tardigrade specimens were collected during various marine expeditions with R/V POLARSTERN: ANDEEP-1, ANDEEP-2, ANDEEP-3 and ANDEEP-SYSTCO. The sampled tardigrades belong to five families (Batillipedidae, Coronarctidae, Halechiniscidae, Styraconyxidae and Echiniscoididae), seven genera (Batillipes, Coronarctus, Moebjergarctus, Angursa, Styraconyx, Tholoarctus, Isoechiniscoides) and 15 species (Batillipes wyedeleinorum, Coronarctus dissimilis, Coronarctus tenellus, Coronarctus cf. tenellus, Moebjergarctus clarionclippertonensis, Angursa sp., A. abyssalis, A. antarctica, A. capsula, A. lanceolata, A. lingua, Styraconyx qivitoq, S. takeshii, Tholoarctus oleseni, Isoechiniscoides aff. sifae sp. can.). For the genera Batillipes, Coronarctus, Moebjergarctus, Tholoarctus and Isoechiniscoides, these new distribution data are the southernmost records and first reports from the Southern Ocean. Furthermore, the genera Styraconyx, Batillipes and Isoechiniscoides are reported from the abyssal zone for the first time. These new findings significantly expand our previous knowledge of both geographic and bathymetric distribution of marine Tardigrada.
Description of six new species forming the sumbana species group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia
Authors: KOZLOV MIKHAIL V.
Published: December 2024

In this study six new species of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798, are described from the Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali, Sumbawa, Sumba, and Timor) in Indonesia. These species (N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., and N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.) constitute a monophyletic group, characterized by a Λ-shaped yellow marking on the forewing, with the dorsal section of the distal leg of this marking extending along the outer wing margin.
Digitally Driven Short- and Intermediate-term Courses of Primary Care Psychiatry for Doctors: A Theme-based Analysis and Performance Audit
Authors: Nanjudaswamy Madhuri H. , Joseph Rini , Sethi MI Singh , Manjunatha Narayana , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Chand Prabhat K. , Math Suresh Bada
Published: December 2024

Background:

The National Mental Health Survey of India 2015–2016 identified a substantial treatment gap in mental healthcare, emphasizing the urgent need for improved training of primary care doctors (PCDs) in managing psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three digitally delivered primary care psychiatry courses offered by the department of psychiatry in a tertiary neuropsychiatric center: the Certificate Course in Primary Mental Healthcare (CCPMH), the Diploma in Community Mental Health (DCMH), and the Diploma in Primary Care Psychiatry (DPCP).

Methods:

Based on the board of studies documents, including curriculum, delivery methods, accreditation criteria, and outcomes, a comparative and thematic analysis of the courses was conducted.

Results:

The digital courses differed in duration, depth, and delivery methods. The DPCP, the most intensive and personalized program, was highly effective in translating knowledge into clinical practice. The CCPMH provided a foundational, short-term course for PCDs, while the DCMH covered a broader range of topics relevant to primary care psychiatry, supplemented with self-learning modules. All courses significantly contributed to reducing the mental health treatment gap by training a substantial number of PCDs.

Conclusions:

Digitally delivered courses are essential in addressing the mental health treatment gap in India. The DPCP, with its emphasis on practical training and personalized learning, demonstrates high effectiveness in equipping PCDs with the necessary skills to manage psychiatric disorders. However, further research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes and to address the scalability and accessibility challenges of these.
Troubled RFC—Can the Lost Glory be Brought Back?
Authors: Mathur Swati , Kalyani P.
Published: December 2024

Recreational Facilities Company (RFC) was a unique initiative established with the goal of developing, maintaining and growing recreation facilities in India. It was one of the top-rated and successful family entertainment hotspots during the 1990s. But within a decade, things started to falter at RFC. Once a favourite hotspot, RFC started losing life due to several issues, such as changes in higher management, maintenance and service issues, depleting employee morale, customer satisfaction and increased competition. It was during this time Mr Avinash Makhwana was appointed as CEO of RFC with the task of a much-needed strategic turnaround. With a huge growth potential for the recreational industry, the biggest challenge for Mr Avinash was to decide what strategies should be used to turn around RFC and from where to start.

The case discusses how Mr Avinash got into diagnosis mode by appointing an external agency to do an unbiased comprehensive situation analysis of RFC. The case is useful for discussing turnaround management, focussing on organizational culture, people management, etc.
Conservative treatment for traumatic atlantoaxial joint infra-anterior dislocation complicating odontoid fracture in young children: A case series
Authors: Wu Chunxing , Zheng Yiming , Qian Chuang , Huang Peng , Ning Bo , Wang Dahui
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to retrospectively analyze children treated conservatively in our hospital to explore the clinical characteristics of children with traumatic atlantoaxial joint infra-anterior dislocation complicating odontoid fracture and the therapeutic effects of treatment.

Methods:

Patients with atlantoaxial joint infra-anterior dislocation complicating odontoid fracture received conservative treatment, which comprised three steps: cervical traction (2 weeks), plaster fixation (2 months), and brace fixation (3 months).

Results:

We treated three patients (boy:girl = 0:3, mean age = 2.5 years old) from 2017 to 2020, the diagnoses were all traumatic C1-2 infra-anterior dislocations associated with odontoid fracture (Anderson and D’Alonzo classification type II: three cases, Hosalkar type IB: two case and IC: one case), with or without cervical spinal cord injury. The C1-2 infra-anterior dislocations were all successfully reduced by gentle traction with the halo method (case 1) or occipital-jaw (cases 2 and 3) for a mean of 18.3 days (19, 15, 21 days), after which the Calot plaster vests (head–neck–chest plaster vests) were fitted and maintained for 2 months, without operation. Braces were maintained for 3 months after the Calot plaster vests were removed. All patients achieved fracture healing and recovered from the spinal injury.

Conclusion:

In young children, atlantoaxial joint infra-anterior dislocation complicating odontoid fracture usually occurred at the odontoid synchondrosis and belonged to Anderson and D’Alonzo classification type II or Hosalkar type I. Conservative treatment achieved good results (dislocation reduction, bone healing, recovery of neurological symptoms).

Level of evidence:

Level IV case series.
Congenital T-cell activation impairs transitional-to-follicular B-cell maturation in humans
Authors: Allard-Chamard Hugues , Hillier Kirsty , Ramseier Michelle L. , Bertocchi Alice , Kaneko Naoki , Premo Katherine , Yuen Grace , Karpel Marshall , Mahajan Vinay S. , Tsekeri Christina , Hong Joseph S. , Vencic Jean , Crotty Rory , Sharda Anish V. , Barmettler Sara , Westermann-Clark Emma , Walter Jolan E. , Ghebremichael Musie , Shalek Alex K. , Farmer Jocelyn R. , Pillai Shiv
Published: December 2024

Patients with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA4) deficiency exhibit profound humoral immune dysfunction, yet the basis for the B-cell defect is not known. We observed a marked reduction in transitional-to-follicular (FO) B-cell development in patients with CTLA4 deficiency, correlating with decreased CTLA4 function in regulatory T cells, increased CD40L levels in effector CD4+ T cells, and increased mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in transitional B cells (TrBs). Treatment of TrBs with CD40L was sufficient to induce mTORC1 signaling and inhibit FO B-cell maturation in vitro. Frequent cell-to-cell contacts between CD40L+ T cells and immunoglobulin D–positive CD27– B cells were observed in patient lymph nodes. FO B-cell maturation in patients with CTLA4 deficiency was partially rescued after CTLA4 replacement therapy in vivo. We conclude that functional regulatory T cells and the containment of excessive T-cell activation may be required for human TrBs to mature and attain metabolic quiescence at the FO B-cell stage.
SARS-CoV-2 in semen: a multicenter prospective study and literature review
Authors: Cochetti Giovanni , Del Zingaro Michele , Maiolino Giuseppe , Paladini Alessio , Mearini Matteo , Schiavina Riccardo , Bianchi Lorenzo , De Angelis Lorenzo , Panciarola Mattia , Camilloni Barbara , Brunocilla Eugenio , Mearini Ettore
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite numerous efforts to demonstrate the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 in semen of affected males, no clear evidence exists. We conducted a multicenter prospective study on adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 including patients with active infection (Active Group) and with a history of COVID-19 disease at least of 6 months (Recovered Group). An RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and a semen analysis were performed on the semen of the enrolled patients. Genital/sexual symptoms were investigated in both groups. In the active infection group, urinary and sexual functions were assessed in the active phase and after 6 months. Finally, the literature on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in semen was reviewed non-systematically.

Results

Sixty-five patients were enrolled (Active Group = 15, Recovered Group = 50). RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 found no trace of the virus in any of the semen samples. Genital/sexual symptoms during the active phase were reported in 8 (12.2%) patients. No statistically significant differences in semen quality were found between the two groups. IPSS and IIEF-5 scores did not change significantly during the different phases of infection about (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in semen of acute or recovered cases. Sperm parameters were not significantly different in the two groups. Urinary and erectile functions appeared stable across the phases of infection.
How mathematical modelling can inform outbreak response vaccination
Authors: Shankar Manjari , Hartner Anna-Maria , Arnold Callum R. K. , Gayawan Ezra , Kang Hyolim , Kim Jong-Hoon , Gilani Gemma Nedjati , Cori Anne , Fu Han , Jit Mark , Muloiwa Rudzani , Portnoy Allison , Trotter Caroline , Gaythorpe Katy A. M.
Published: December 2024

Mathematical models are established tools to assist in outbreak response. They help characterise complex patterns in disease spread, simulate control options to assist public health authorities in decision-making, and longer-term operational and financial planning. In the context of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), vaccines are one of the most-cost effective outbreak response interventions, with the potential to avert significant morbidity and mortality through timely delivery. Models can contribute to the design of vaccine response by investigating the importance of timeliness, identifying high-risk areas, prioritising the use of limited vaccine supply, highlighting surveillance gaps and reporting, and determining the short- and long-term benefits. In this review, we examine how models have been used to inform vaccine response for 10 VPDs, and provide additional insights into the challenges of outbreak response modelling, such as data gaps, key vaccine-specific considerations, and communication between modellers and stakeholders. We illustrate that while models are key to policy-oriented outbreak vaccine response, they can only be as good as the surveillance data that inform them.
Functional screening reveals genetic dependencies and diverging cell cycle control in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors
Authors: Merk Daniel J. , Tsiami Foteini , Hirsch Sophie , Walter Bianca , Haeusser Lara A. , Maile Jens D. , Stahl Aaron , Jarboui Mohamed A. , Lechado-Terradas Anna , Klose Franziska , Babaei Sepideh , Admard Jakob , Casadei Nicolas , Roggia Cristiana , Spohn Michael , Schittenhelm Jens , Singer Stephan , Schüller Ulrich , Piccioni Federica , Persky Nicole S. , Claassen Manfred , Tatagiba Marcos , Kahle Philipp J. , Root David E. , Templin Markus , Tabatabai Ghazaleh
Published: December 2024

Background

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) are incurable high-grade pediatric brain tumors. Despite intensive research efforts, the prognosis for ATRT patients under currently established treatment protocols is poor. While novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed, the generation of molecular-driven treatment concepts is a challenge mainly due to the absence of actionable genetic alterations.

Results

We here use a functional genomics approach to identify genetic dependencies in ATRT, validate selected hits using a functionally instructed small molecule drug library, and observe preferential activity in ATRT cells without subgroup-specific selectivity. CDK4/6 inhibitors are among the most potent drugs and display anti-tumor efficacy due to mutual exclusive dependency on CDK4 or CDK6. Chemogenetic interactor screens reveal a broad spectrum of G1 phase cell cycle regulators that differentially enable cell cycle progression and modulate response to CDK4/6 inhibition in ATRT cells. In this regard, we find that the ubiquitin ligase substrate receptor AMBRA1 acts as a context-specific inhibitor of cell cycle progression by regulating key components of mitosis including aurora kinases.

Conclusions

Our data provide a comprehensive resource of genetic and chemical dependencies in ATRTs, which will inform further preclinical evaluation of novel targeted therapies for this tumor entity. Furthermore, this study reveals a unique mechanism of cell cycle inhibition as the basis for tumor suppressive functions of AMBRA1.