bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of the effect of sophora flavescens on tumor metastasis-induced bone neuropathic pain
Authors: Chang Cheng , Sun Di , Zhang Zhilei , He Lei , Wang Qiang , Shen Yingchao , Zhu Hengzhou , Fan Donghua
Published: November 2024

Background

Tumor metastasis to bone is a critical and painful stage in cancer progression, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. Traditional treatments for bone neuropathic pain often exhibit limited efficacy and undesirable side effects. Sophora flavescens, an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine, has shown potential analgesic and anti-cancer properties, but the existing evidence is fragmented and inconsistent.

Methods

In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, an extensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, Embase, Medline, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Database, CBMdisc to identify relevant studies. The inclusion criteria focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the use of Sophora flavescens for bone neuropathic pain. Data related to pain intensity, mechanisms of action, and safety were extracted and analyzed using meta-analysis techniques. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.

Results

Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, involving a total of 463 patients with bone neuropathic pain induced by tumor metastasis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant overall reduction in pain intensity for patients treated with Sophora flavescens compared to control groups (mean difference = 26.45, 95% CI: 13.89, 39.00, P < 0.0001). Specifically, the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) increase rate showed a combined risk ratio of 1.62 (95% CI: 1.32, 1.99, P < 0.0001), indicating improved performance status with treatment. Pain scores also significantly decreased (mean difference = 26.45, 95% CI: 13.89, 39.00, P < 0.0001) despite substantial heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 91%). Funnel plots suggested minimal publication bias, and sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of these results. The included studies reported minimal adverse effects, indicating good tolerability of Sophora flavescens.

Conclusion

Sophora flavescens demonstrates significant potential as an adjunctive therapy for managing bone neuropathic pain induced by tumor metastasis, offering substantial pain relief with minimal adverse effects.
Human and natural factors affect habitat quality in ecologically fragile areas: evidence from Songnen Plain, China
Authors: Sun Xiuli , Li Yuehui , Hu Yuanman , Li Yue
Published: November 2024

Habitat quality (HQ) has been progressively degrading worldwide in recent decades due to rapid climate change and intensive human activities. These changes not only threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functions, but also impact socio-economic development. Therefore, a few studies have focused on the dynamics of HQ and its natural and anthropogenic drivers. However, many contributions have failed to reveal how these factors interact to impact HQ, especially in ecologically fragile areas. We estimated HQ in the Songnen Plain of Northeast China, an ecologically fragile area, from 2000 to 2020 using the InVEST model and explored the response of HQ to the interactions of natural factors (topography, climate, NDVI) and anthropogenic factors (nighttime light index, population density) influencing HQ using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results showed that 1) HQ decreased constantly from 2000 to 2018, and then increased slightly from 2018 to 2020. 2) In terms of spatial distribution, HQ appeared to be highly heterogeneous with a pattern of ‘high HQ in the east – low HQ in the center – high HQ in the west’ at each time point. The high-HQ areas were significantly clustered in the eastern parts with dense forests, while the low-HQ areas in the central parts were dominated by a large number of man-made patches of agriculture and towns or cities. 3) The spatial patterns of HQ are mainly affected by the interactions of factors including the natural environment and human disturbance. Natural factors had a greater impact on HQ than human disturbance, and human disturbance factors had significant negative impact among all these factors at 4 time points. Furthermore, the intensity of the impact of various influencing factors on habitat quality, as well as the positive or negative effects of these drivers on habitat quality, changed over time. The most important influencing factor was temperature in 2000 and topography in 2010, 2018, and 2020. This study can provide important suggestions for future ecological protection and restoration in similar ecologically fragile areas.
YOLO-SDL: a lightweight wheat grain detection technology based on an improved YOLOv8n model
Authors: Qiu Zhaomei , Wang Fei , Wang Weili , Li Tingting , Jin Xin , Qing Shunhao , Shi Yi
Published: November 2024

Wheat, being a crucial global food crop, holds immense significance for food safety and agricultural economic stability, as the quality and condition of its grains are critical factors. Traditional methods of wheat grain detection are inefficient, and the advancements in deep learning offer a novel solution for fast and accurate grain recognition. This study proposes an improved deep learning model based on YOLOv8n, referred to as YOLO-SDL, aiming to achieve efficient wheat grain detection. A high-quality wheat grain dataset was first constructed, including images of perfect, germinated, diseased, and damaged grains. Multiple data augmentation techniques were employed to enhance the dataset’s complexity and diversity. The YOLO-SDL model incorporates the ShuffleNetV2 architecture in its backbone and combines depthwise separable convolutions (DWConv) with the large separable kernel attention (LSKA) mechanism in its neck structure, significantly improving detection speed and accuracy while ensuring the model remains lightweight. The results indicate that YOLO-SDL achieves superior performance in wheat grain detection, balancing lightweight design and performance optimization. The model achieved a P of 0.942, R of 0.903, mAP50 of 0.965, and mAP50-95 of 0.859, with low computational complexity, making it suitable for resource-constrained environments. These findings demonstrate the efficiency of the ShuffleNetV2, DWConv, and LSKA structures. The proposed YOLO-SDL model provides a new technical solution for agricultural automation and serves as a reliable reference for detecting other crops.
Introducing the Bidimensional Model of Hope and its conceptual and methodological utilities
Authors: Leshem Oded Adomi , Halperin Eran
Published: November 2024

What is hope, and how can we measure it? These questions have occupied the minds of hope scholars across disciplines. This article outlines a comprehensive approach to understanding hope: the Bidimensional Model of Hope. Building on the standard definition of hope, the bidimensional model explores hope as the intersection between wishes (desires, aspirations) and expectations (assessment of possibility). Hope is thus located on a bidimensional plane with two perpendicular axes; one corresponds to the levels of wishes to achieve an outcome, and the second to the levels of expectations of achieving the outcome. We claim that the bidimensional approach is comprehensive enough to include existing definitions of hope while being parsimonious, versatile, and applicable to many contexts, including those where the hoped-for outcome is beyond people’s actual or perceived control. We show the model’s theoretical and methodological utility and its use in existing qualitative and quantitative research on hope in the context of intractable international conflicts. We end with suggesting pathways for developing and applying the Bidimensional Model of Hope to assist hope research in a variety of contexts and disciplines.
Mindfulness's moderating role applied on online SEL education
Authors: Ho Chun-Heng , Zhang Hang-qin , Li Juan , Liu An'an
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Mild to moderate depression, anxiety, and stress imbalances are prevalent emotional issues among college students and are primary factors leading to deficiencies in social-emotional skills within this population. Without timely intervention, these mild to moderate emotional issues may escalate into more severe conditions. Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) programs are effective for building social-emotional skills. However, current research on SEL programs has not adequately addressed the issue of high-quality teacher-student interactions for students who suffer emotional problems. To tackle this issue, this study proposes a curriculum approach that integrates mindfulness with rhythmic music? and evaluated the emotional changes of students after mindfulness with rhythmic music curriculum.

Methods

This study adopted a pre-post experimental design. Two hundred and ninety-four firefighting universities students participated in a one-semester “online mindfulness combined with music rhythm SEL course”. The study used the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Perceived Stress Scale to measure the anxiety, depression and stress levels of the participants before and after the course, and used the participants' self-reflection reports as a method to explore the students' emotional transformation patterns.

Results

The research findings indicate that: (1) eighth-note, quarter-note, and sixteenth-note rhythmic music significantly improve the emotional wellbeing of students with depression, anxiety, and stress imbalances, respectively. (2) The degree of emotional improvement has a certain impact on academic performance. (3) Students with anxiety require more instructional support focused on attention concentration during the early phases of the course; students with depression should not be scheduled for social skills learning modules in the short term and need long-term instructional guidance; individuals experiencing stress imbalances require attention to their personal music preferences and benefit from additional listening activities and exercise.

Discussion

These findings assist teachers in accurately identifying emotional changes among students with emotional problems and managing the patterns of these emotional transitions, thereby providing effective instructional support and promoting high-quality interactions between teachers and students.
Social determinants of health and upper gastrointestinal cancer outcomes in the United States: a systematic review
Authors: Santellano Brenda , Agrawal Rashi , Duchesne Gabriela , Sharara Muhannad , Agrawal Gagan , Balas E. Andrew , Tsai Meng-Han , Nayak Asha , Cortes Jorge E.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in which individuals are born, grow, work, live, and age.

Methods

We examined the literature on the association between SDOH and survival of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer [esophageal, duodenal and gastric cancer (GC)] in the United States from 2001 to 2022.

Results

From 38,654 studies across COCHRANE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, and PubMed, we identified 14 relevant studies focusing on GI cancer using the PRISMA flowchart. Eight of the 12 GC studies specifically focused on gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), the most common histologic subtype. Uninsured patients had a significantly worse overall survival probability. For patients with GI cancer, the highest income level (i.e., in the highest quartile) was associated with improved survival. Being unmarried had a negative impact on overall survival. Overall, people with insurance, higher incomes, and who were married had better overall survival rates.

Discussion

Our findings suggest a clear association between SDOH and survival for patients with GI cancers. However, there is great variability in the factors studied and how these are measured and reported. A better understanding of SDOH is needed to design strategies with an aim to improve patient outcomes.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, PROSPERO (CRD42022346854).
The role of sustainable land management practices in alleviating household food insecurity in Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Temitope Oluwaseun Oluwaseun , Adesiyan O. F. , Ige A. O. , Emenike C. U. , Kassem H.S. , Elhindi K. M. , Kitole F. A. , Sesabo J. K.
Published: November 2024

Climate change is a major challenge impacting food security globally. Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries including Nigeria has experienced the negative effect of climate vagaries most especially on agricultural production, thus, leading to food insecurity. However, sustainable land management (SLM) practices have a huge potential to minimize the impacts on food security in a rapidly changing climate. This study estimates the determinants of the adoption of SLM practices and the impact of adoption on household food security among smallholder rice farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents. A Poisson endogenous treatment (PET) model was employed to analyse the determinants of level of adoption of SLM and impact of SLM adoption on household food security level of smallholder rice farmers in the study area. To account for counterfactuals, a doubly-robust augmented-probability-weighted regression adjustment (APWRA) was also used. In the same vein, the study employed the marginal treatment effects (MTE) approach to estimate the treatment effects heterogeneity. The results showed that socio-economic factors greatly influenced the adoption of SLM practices, such as age and educational level of farmers. The effect of SLM adoption on food security of smallholder farmers was found to be improved when they used SLM package consisting of variety of practices, hence, SLM practices have the potential to alleviate food insecurity among rice farmers if well combined and used to a large extent. The study concluded that knowledge in form of formal education, some form of vocational training, and trainings to access weather information were key to influencing SLM adoption among smallholder farmers in the study area. The treatment effects on untreated (ATU) are lower than that of ATE and ATT, confirming the positive selection on unobserved gains. In particular, the ATU results show that for an average non-adopting household, adoption of SLM practices would significantly improve dietary diversity by about 27%. Farm-level policy efforts that aims to equip farmers through education, trainings and disseminating information on climate change would be a huge step towards the promotion of SLM practice which eventually leads to increased food security. The study recommended that continuous adoption and extensive use can be fostered by encouraging farmers to join a social organisation where related and relevant information on sustainable land management practices is shared through trained agricultural extension officers.
Total neoadjuvant therapy followed by total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer in older patients real world data and proof of concept
Authors: Montroni Isacco , Di Candido Francesca , Taffurelli Giovanni , Tamberi Stefano , Grassi Elisa , Corbelli Jody , Mauro Floranna , Raggi Enrico , Garutti Anna , Ugolini Giampaolo
Published: November 2024

Background

Rectal cancer (RC) commonly affects older patients. Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) has been introduced to improve local and systemic control of RC. The aim was to present real-world data of older patients receiving TNT followed by surgery after a frailty assessment and verify feasibility and safety of this approach.

Methods

This was a single-center retrospective study which enrolled all patients ≥70 years of age with RC who underwent TNT followed by surgery between November 2017 and April 2022. Data regarding cancer characteristics, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and toxicity were recorded. All patients underwent surgery 12–16 weeks after the end of therapy. Intra- and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Pre- and postoperative functional evaluation was carried out.

Results

Fifteen patients were enrolled. Mean age was 74 (70–81) years. Mean distance of the tumor from the anal verge was 5.2 cm. Fourteen patients had positive nodes (93.3%), 11 (73.3%) showed involvement of the circumferential margin (CRM+) and 10 (66.6%) had extramural vascular invasion (EMVI+). Ten patients (66.6%) received mFOLFOX-6 and 5 CAPOX (33.3%) followed by CRT. After CRT, positive nodes were reported in 4 cases (26.6%), CRM+ in 4 (26.6%), and EMVI+ in 1 (6.6%). Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) was performed in all cases. Median operative time was 280 min (110–420). Median length of stay was 4 days (3–29). One Clavien-Dindo grade 4 complication, no readmissions, and no variations in pre- and postoperative functional status within 30 days from surgery were reported. No positive distal or CRMs were detected. Three pathologic complete responses were reported (20%).

Conclusions

TNT followed by TME is feasible and safe in older patients, with good clinical and oncologic outcomes. Patient evaluation is crucial for maximizing cancer care in fit older patients.
Role of trefoil factors in maintaining gut health in food animals
Authors: Fasina Yewande O. , Obanla Temitayo O. , Ekunseitan Deji A. , Dosu George , Richardson Joseph , Apalowo Oluwabunmi O.
Published: November 2024

It is imperative to preserve the integrity of the gastrointestinal system in spite of the persistent existence of harmful chemicals and microbial flora in the gut. This is made possible by essential healing initiators called Trefoil factors which helps in mucosal reconstitution and tissue development on the gastrointestinal surface. The trefoil factors are a class of abundant secreted proteins that are essential for epithelial continuity (TFFs). Trefoil factor family (TFF) proteins are biologically active peptides that play significant role in safeguarding, restoring and continuity of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) epithelium, through collaborative modulations with mucins in the mucosal layer. These peptides are readily produced in reaction to epithelial damage in the digestive tract, thereby contributing to the healing and restituting of the epithelial layers of the intestine. In addition, considerable evidence indicated that TFF peptides trigger proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, all which are crucial processes for wound healing. There is also increasing evidence that TFF peptides modulate the mucosal immune system. These protective properties, suggest that dietary manipulation strategies targeted at enhancing the expression and synthesis of TFF peptides at optimal levels in the GIT epithelium, may constitute a plausible alternative strategy to the use of in-feed antibiotic growth promoters to maintain epithelial integrity and promote resistance to enteric pathogens. This review describes TFF peptides, with importance to their biological functions and involvement in gastrointestinal mucosal protection and repair in food animals.
Assessment of Solar Energy Generation Toward Net-Zero Energy Buildings
Authors: Khalil Rayan , Hollweg Guilherme Vieira , Hussain Akhtar , Su Wencong , Bui Van-Hai
Published: November 2024

With the continuous rise in the energy consumption of buildings, the study and integration of net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs) are essential for mitigating the harmful effects associated with this trend. However, developing an energy management system for such buildings is challenging due to uncertainties surrounding NZEBs. This paper introduces an optimization framework comprising two major stages: (i) renewable energy prediction and (ii) multi-objective optimization. A prediction model is developed to accurately forecast photovoltaic (PV) system output, while a multi-objective optimization model is designed to identify the most efficient ways to produce cooling, heating, and electricity at minimal operational costs. These two stages not only help mitigate uncertainties in NZEBs but also reduce dependence on imported power from the utility grid. Finally, to facilitate the deployment of the proposed framework, a graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed, providing a user-friendly environment for building operators to determine optimal scheduling and oversee the entire system.
Displaying Tactile Sensation by SMA-Driven Vibration and Controlled Temperature for Cutaneous Sensation Assessment
Authors: Nozawa Tomohiro , Liu Renke , Sawada Hideyuki
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we propose a novel tactile display that can present vibration patterns and thermal stimuli simultaneously. The vibration actuator employs a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire to generate micro-vibration with a frequency control of up to 300 Hz. The micro-vibration is conducted to a tactile pin for amplifying the vibration, to be sufficiently recognized by a user. A thermal stimulation unit, on the other hand, consists of four Peltier elements with heatsinks for heat radiation. Four vibration actuators and a thermal unit are arranged in a flat plane with a size of 20 mm × 20 mm, on which a user places the tip of an index finger to feel the presented vibratory stimuli under different temperature conditions. We conducted an experiment by employing nine subjects to evaluate the performance of the proposed tactile display and also to investigate the effects of temperature on recognizing tactile sensation. The results demonstrated that the proposed device was feasible for the quantitative diagnosis of tactile sensation. In addition, we verified that the sensitivity of tactile sensation decreased with colder stimuli.
Optimization of Thermal Management for the Environmental Worthiness Design of Aviation Equipment Using Phase Change Materials
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Li Minwei , Li He , Fu Yun , Cai Liangxu
Published: November 2024

A phase change materials (PCM)-based heat sink is an effective way to cool intermittent high-power electronic devices in aerospace applications such as airborne electronics and aircraft external carry. Optimizing the heat sink is significant in designing a compact and efficient system. This paper proposes an optimization procedure for the PCM/expanded graphite (EG)-based heat sink to minimize the temperature of the heat source. The numerical model is built to estimate the thermal response, and a surrogate model is fitted using the Kriging model. An optimization algorithm is constructed to predict the optimum parameters of the heat sink, and the effects of heat sink volume, heat flux, and working time on the optimal parameters of the heat sink are investigated. This shows that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data, and the proposed optimization method effectively obtains the optimal EG mass fraction and the geometric dimensions of the PCM enclosure. The optimal EG mass fraction increases with the rise in heat sink volume and decreases with the increase in heat flux and working time. The optimal ratio of the height to the length of the heat sink is 0.43. This study provides practical guidance for the optimal design of a PCM/EG-based heat sink.
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Opuntia Extracts on a Model of Diet-Induced Steatosis
Authors: Besné-Eseverri Irene , Martín María Ángeles , Lobo Gloria , Cano M. Pilar , Portillo María P. , Trepiana Jenifer
Published: November 2024

Oxidative stress and inflammation are widely recognised as factors that can initiate and facilitate the development of MAFLD. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of low and high doses of Opuntia stricta var. dillenii peel extract (L-OD and H-OD, respectively) and Opuntia ficus-indica var. colorada pulp extract (L-OFI and H-OFI, respectively), which are rich in betalains and phenolic compounds, on oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis in rat livers with diet-induced steatosis. Steatotic diet led to increased final body and liver weight, serum transaminases, hepatic TG content, oxidative status and cell death. H-OFI treatment decreased serum AST levels, while L-OFI reduced hepatic TG accumulation. Oxidative stress was partially prevented with H-OD and H-OFI supplementation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were especially improved with H-OFI treatment. Moreover, H-OFI appears to prevent DNA damage markers. Finally, H-OD and L-OFI supplementation down-regulated the apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, both H-OD and H-OFI supplementation were effective in regulating the progression to metabolic steatohepatitis, triggering different mechanisms of action.
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Organosolv Cellulose Recovery from Olive-Tree Pruning with Three Different Solvents
Authors: Mateo Soledad , Fabbrizi Giacomo , Chapeta M. Renee , Moya Alberto J.
Published: November 2024

Research studies for cellulose recovery from lignocellulosic materials are essential in order to propose sustainable alternatives to harness residual biomasses, solving problems caused by their abundance and inadequate use. In this study, olive-tree pruning biomass has been subjected to different pretreatments with different organosolvents (acetone, ethanol, and γ-valerolactone) with microwave radiation assistance. The effect of operating parameters has been studied, considering specific ranges of variables values according to each experimental design but, in any case, located in the ranges of 33–67% (chemical compound concentration), 130–170 °C (temperature), 5–30 min (reaction time), and 1/20–1/5 (solid/liquid ratio, s/L). Based on the R2 and R2adj values (mostly above 0.97), the experimental data were adequately adjusted to four selected response variables: post-solids cellulose and lignin content apart from removal percentages of both structural components. The optimization process resulted in post-treatment solids with meaningful cellulose yields (higher than 84.7%) and reduced lignin content (lower than 4.2%). The best results were obtained using 66.5% acetone (155 °C, 8.4 min and s/L = 1/19), involving greater material deconstruction, a high percentage of delignification (96.7%), not very significant cellulose loss (29.4%), and a post-treatment solid consisting almost exclusively of cellulose (≈99%).
Learning Airfoil Flow Field Representation via Geometric Attention Neural Field
Authors: Xiao Li , Zhang Mingjie , Chang Xinghua
Published: November 2024

Numerical simulation in fluid dynamics can be computationally expensive and difficult to achieve. To enhance efficiency, developing high-performance and accurate surrogate models is crucial, where deep learning shows potential. This paper introduces geometric attention (GeoAttention), a method that leverages attention mechanisms to encode geometry represented by point cloud, thereby enhancing the neural network’s generalizability across different geometries. Furthermore, by integrating GeoAttention with neural field, we propose the geometric attention neural field (GeoANF), specifically for learning representations of airfoil flow fields. The GeoANF embeds observational data independently of the specific discretization process into a latent space, constructing a mapping that relates geometric shape to the corresponding flow fields under given initial conditions. We use the public dataset AirfRANS to evaluate our approach, GeoANF significantly surpasses the baseline models on four key performance metrics, particularly in volume flow field and surface pressure measurements, achieving mean squared errors of 0.0038 and 0.0089, respectively.
Research on the Technology of a Compact Double-Layer Multispectral Filter-Wheel Mechanism Driven by a Single Motor
Authors: Ma Lin , Wu Hongbo , Tan Shuanglong , Zhang Xin , Wang Liang , Zhou Nan , Jia Jinlong , Mu Shuaiwei , Wang Wenjie
Published: November 2024

Spatial multispectral imaging technology can selectively image in specific spectral bands, and the filter wheel is a core component for multispectral selection. At present, there are relatively few types of spectral bands for the filter wheel under limited space/weight constraints. Addressing the challenges presented by this issue, this paper introduces an innovative design approach for the development of a double-layer or even multi-layer filter wheel that is operated by a solitary motor in conjunction with a differential gear mechanism, enabling a vast array of spectral segment combinations within a highly compact layout. A detailed design is implemented for the double-layer filter wheel, including comprehensive modal and dynamic analyses. The results of the modal analysis attested to the structural stability of the component, and the outcomes of the dynamic analysis validated the component’s timely and reliable switching capabilities. A prototype was meticulously crafted and subjected to rigorous testing. The switching functionality was validated during these tests, concurrently affirming the accuracy of the finite element analysis results. Additionally, spectral and application testing confirmed the number of spectral segments and the practical utility of the components. The research presented in this article introduces an innovative design concept for multispectral imaging filter-wheel mechanisms, providing a valuable reference and profound insights for the design and arrangement of a double-layer or even multi-layer filter wheel.
Oncom: A Nutritive Functional Fermented Food Made from Food Process Solid Residue
Authors: Wijaya Christofora Hanny , Nuraida Lilis , Nuramalia Dwiarti Rachma , Hardanti Sri , Świąder Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

Food security is one of the critical issues in facing the world food crisis. Utilizing food processing residue waste to make nutritious and healthy functional foods should follow a double-merit approach in facing the world food crisis. Oncom, an overlooked traditional fermented product based on local wisdom, might be an example of potential sustainable food to overcome hunger and support the circular economy programme. This review attempts to portray the existence and role of oncom based on a systematic study of hundreds of reports from different angles, mainly focusing on its processing, the microbes involved, its sensory characteristics, nutritional benefits, and promising bioactivities. Oncom can be produced by various raw materials such as tofu dreg (okara), peanut press cake, and tapioca solid waste, involving various microbes, mainly Neurospora sp. or Rhizopus sp., and various processing steps. The products show promising nutritional values. In terms of sensory characteristics, oncom is sensory-friendly due to its umami dominance. Many bioactivity capacities have been reported, including antioxidants, lowering cholesterol effect, and cardiovascular disease prevention, although some findings are still only preliminary. Undoubtedly, oncom has the potential to be developed as a future functional food with standardized quality and reliable bioefficacy. This kind of solid fermented product, based on agricultural residue wastes, is worthy of further development worldwide with full scientific support to create more reliable functional foods with a modern touch to achieve zero hunger.
Federated Learning: A Comparative Study of Defenses Against Poisoning Attacks
Authors: Carvalho Inês , Huff Kenton , Gruenwald Le , Bernardino Jorge
Published: November 2024

Federated learning is a new paradigm where multiple data owners, referred to as clients, work together with a global server to train a shared machine learning model without disclosing their personal training data. Despite its many advantages, the system is vulnerable to client compromise by malicious agents attempting to modify the global model. Several defense algorithms against untargeted and targeted poisoning attacks on model updates in federated learning have been proposed and evaluated separately. This paper compares the performances of six state-of-the art defense algorithms—PCA + K-Means, KPCA + K-Means, CONTRA, KRUM, COOMED, and RPCA + PCA + K-Means. We explore a variety of situations not considered in the original papers. These include varying the percentage of Independent and Identically Distributed (IID) data, the number of clients, and the percentage of malicious clients. This comprehensive performance study provides the results that the users can use to select appropriate defense algorithms to employ based on the characteristics of their federated learning systems.
Building Information Modeling Impact on Cost Overrun Risk Factors and Interrelationships
Authors: Alnaser Aljawharah A. , Al-Gahtani Khalid S. , Alsanabani Naif M.
Published: November 2024

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has arisen as a promising technology that can enhance construction project outcomes through cost reduction when compared to conventional practices. More studies need to be conducted to examine the influence of BIM technology on cost overruns. Therefore, the primary aim of this paper is to investigate how BIM influences critical risk factors related to cost overruns. This investigation involves reevaluating and reranking these risk factors while exploring their interrelationships. Research involves a comprehensive literature review to identify risk factors correlated with cost overruns, the development of a survey questionnaire for BIM specialists, and an analysis of quantitative data using a partial least square structure equation model (PLS–SEM) to identify and examine significant risk factors and their interdependencies. The study’s findings revealed that BIM significantly mitigates the impact of risk factors associated with the awarding of contracts to the lowest bidder, decreasing its ranking from first to third. Furthermore, BIM effectively minimizes the influence of risk factors related to changed orders, relegating it from second position to tenth position. In addition, risk factors related to experience exerted a more significant influence on risk factors related to finances than the influence of finances on experience. Findings contribute to the knowledge base by evaluating the influence of BIM technology on risk factors and cost overruns in the Saudi construction industry, thereby offering insights for improved project management and control.
Development of a Process for Polyphenol Extraction and the Production of a Functional Powder for Food Fortification
Authors: Macaluso Monica , Mercanti Nicola , Pieracci Ylenia , Marianelli Andrea , Scappaticci Giulio , Fratacci Andrea , Nicolella Cristiano , Zinnai Angela
Published: November 2024

The valorisation of co-products from food supply chains is consistent with the objectives of the national recovery and resilience plan (NRRP), which favours issues relating to the “green revolution and ecological transition”. The nutraceutical characteristics (antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-cancer, etc.) of grape pomace extracts are due to the presence of polyphenols. The objective of the following research was to develop an innovative extraction process in order to produce a special powder with high technological and nutraceutical value (polyphenols). For the experimentation, red grape pomace from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes was used. The first phase of the experimentation allowed the development of the extraction methods; the second involved the use of a pilot system for the extraction, filtration, and distillation phases. The result obtained is a powder with compositional characteristics suitable for the fortification of alcoholic and non-alcoholic food matrices, due to its colouring and antioxidant and nutraceutical properties.
Green Hydrogen Production—Fidelity in Simulation Models for Technical–Economic Analysis
Authors: Criollo Adrián , Minchala-Avila Luis I. , Benavides Dario , Ochoa-Correa Danny , Tostado-Véliz Marcos , Meteab Wisam Kareem , Jurado Francisco
Published: November 2024

Green hydrogen production is a sustainable energy solution with great potential, offering advantages such as adaptability, storage capacity and ease of transport. However, there are challenges such as high energy consumption, production costs, demand and regulation, which hinder its large-scale adoption. This study explores the role of simulation models in optimizing the technical and economic aspects of green hydrogen production. The proposed system, which integrates photovoltaic and energy storage technologies, significantly reduces the grid dependency of the electrolyzer, achieving an energy self-consumption of 64 kWh per kilogram of hydrogen produced. By replacing the high-fidelity model of the electrolyzer with a reduced-order model, it is possible to minimize the computational effort and simulation times for different step configurations. These findings offer relevant information to improve the economic viability and energy efficiency in green hydrogen production. This facilitates decision-making at a local level by implementing strategies to achieve a sustainable energy transition.
Multi-Model Gait-Based KAM Prediction System Using LSTM-RNN and Wearable Devices
Authors: Jung Doyun , Lee Cheolwon , Jeon Heung Seok
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop an optimized system for predicting Knee Adduction Moment (KAM) using wearable Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) RNN. Traditional KAM measurement methods are limited by the need for complex laboratory equipment and significant time and cost investments. This study proposes two systems for predicting Knee Adduction Moment based on wearable IMU sensor data and gait patterns: the Multi-model Gait-based KAM Prediction System and the Single-model KAM Prediction System. The Multi-model system pre-classifies different gait patterns and uses specific prediction models tailored for each pattern, while the Single-model system handles all gait patterns with one unified model. Both systems were evaluated using IMU sensor data and GRF data collected from participants in a controlled laboratory environment. The overall performance of the Multi-model Gait-based KAM Prediction System showed an approximately 20% improvement over the Single-model KAM Prediction System. Specifically, the RMSE for the Multi-model system was 6.84 N·m, which is lower than the 8.82 N·m of the Single-model system, indicating a better predictive accuracy. The Multi-model system also achieved a MAPE of 8.47%, compared with 12.95% for the Single-model system, further demonstrating its superior performance.
One Class of Stackelberg Linear–Quadratic Differential Games with Cheap Control of a Leader: Asymptotic Analysis of an Open-Loop Solution
Authors: Glizer Valery Y. , Turetsky Vladimir
Published: November 2024

We consider a two-player finite horizon linear–quadratic Stackelberg differential game. For this game, we study the case where the control cost of a leader in the cost functionals of both players is small, which means that the game under consideration is a cheap control game. We look for open-loop optimal players’ controls of this game. Using the game’s solvability conditions, the obtaining such controls is reduced to the solution to a proper boundary-value problem. Due to the smallness of the leader’s control cost, this boundary-value problem is singularly perturbed. Asymptotic behavior of the solution to this problem is analyzed. Based on this analysis, the asymptotic behavior of the open-loop optimal players’ controls and the optimal values of the cost functionals is studied. Using these results, asymptotically suboptimal players’ controls are designed. An illustrative example is presented.
Bounds for the Energy of Hypergraphs
Authors: Kurian Liya Jess , Velu Chithra
Published: November 2024

The concept of the energy of a graph has been widely explored in the field of mathematical chemistry and is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. The energy of a hypergraph is the trace norm of its connectivity matrices, which generalize the concept of graph energy. In this paper, we establish bounds for the adjacency energy of hypergraphs in terms of the number of vertices, maximum degree, eigenvalues, and the norm of the adjacency matrix. Additionally, we compute the sum of squares of adjacency eigenvalues of linear k-hypergraphs and derive its bounds for k-hypergraph in terms of number of vertices and uniformity of the k-hypergraph. Moreover, we determine the Nordhaus–Gaddum type bounds for the adjacency energy of k-hypergraphs.
Around-Body Versus On-Body Motion Sensing: A Comparison of Efficacy Across a Range of Body Movements and Scales
Authors: Rohrer Katelyn , De Anda Luis , Grubb Camila , Hansen Zachary , Rodriguez Jordan , St Pierre Greyson , Sheikhlary Sara , Omer Suleyman , Tran Binh , Lawendy Mehrail , Alqaraghuli Farah , Hedgecoke Chris , Abdelkeder Youssif , Slepian Rebecca C. , Ross Ethan , Chung Ryan , Slepian Marvin J.
Published: November 2024

Motion is vital for life. Currently, the clinical assessment of motion abnormalities is largely qualitative. We previously developed methods to quantitatively assess motion using visual detection systems (around-body) and stretchable electronic sensors (on-body). Here we compare the efficacy of these methods across predefined motions, hypothesizing that the around-body system detects motion with similar accuracy as on-body sensors. Six human volunteers performed six defined motions covering three excursion lengths, small, medium, and large, which were analyzed via both around-body visual marker detection (MoCa version 1.0) and on-body stretchable electronic sensors (BioStamp version 1.0). Data from each system was compared as to the extent of trackability and comparative efficacy between systems. Both systems successfully detected motions, allowing quantitative analysis. Angular displacement between systems had the highest agreement efficiency for the bicep curl and body lean motion, with 73.24% and 65.35%, respectively. The finger pinch motion had an agreement efficiency of 36.71% and chest abduction/adduction had 45.55%. Shoulder abduction/adduction and shoulder flexion/extension motions had the lowest agreement efficiencies with 24.49% and 26.28%, respectively. MoCa was comparable to BioStamp in terms of angular displacement, though velocity and linear speed output could benefit from additional processing. Our findings demonstrate comparable efficacy for non-contact motion detection to that of on-body sensor detection, and offers insight as to the best system selection for specific clinical uses based on the use-case of the desired motion being analyzed.
Correction: Lana et al. Sacral Bioneuromodulation: The Role of Bone Marrow Aspirate in Spinal Cord Injuries. Bioengineering 2024, 11, 461
Authors: Lana José Fábio , Navani Annu , Jeyaraman Madhan , Santos Napoliane , Pires Luyddy , Santos Gabriel Silva , Rodrigues Izair Jefthé , Santos Douglas , Mosaner Tomas , Azzini Gabriel , Fonseca Lucas Furtado da , Macedo Alex Pontes de , Huber Stephany Cares , Jorge Daniel de Moraes Ferreira , Purita Joseph
Published: November 2024

In the original publication [...]
The Isolation and Characterization of Perlucin in Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai: A Shell Morphogenic Protein with Potential Responses to Thermal Stress and Starvation
Authors: Cho Yusin , Hanif Md Abu , Hossen Shaharior , Kim Soo Cheol , Han Ji Do , Cho Doo Hyun , Kho Kang Hee
Published: November 2024

Perlucin is a shell matrix protein that plays a significant role in regulating shell biomineralization. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the perlucin gene and analyze its expression to explore its role in shell formation, regeneration, and responses to thermal stress and starvation in Pacific abalone. The isolated full-length cDNA sequence of Hdh-Perlucin is 1002 bp long, encoding a 163-amino-acid polypeptide with a signal peptide. The mature peptide of Hdh-Perlucin contains a C-type lectin domain with signature motif and six conserved cysteine residues. Gene Ontology analysis suggests that Hdh-Perlucin exhibits carbohydrate-binding activity. Significantly higher expression of Hdh-Perlucin was observed during the juvenile, veliger, and trochophore stages, compared with cell division stage during early development. Upregulated expression was recorded from slow to rapid growth phases and during shell biomineralization, while downregulated expression was noted during starvation. Under thermal stress, expression peaked at 30 °C and 25 °C for 6 and 12 h, respectively, while consistently higher levels were observed at 15 °C throughout the experiment. This study provides the first comprehensive structural and expression analysis of Hdh-Perlucin, highlighting its roles in metamorphosis, shell formation and regeneration, and responses to heat stress and starvation in abalone.
Understanding the Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Papantoniou Konstantinos , Aggeletopoulou Ioanna , Michailides Christos , Pastras Ploutarchos , Triantos Christos
Published: November 2024

Acute pancreatitis (AP) remains a serious clinical condition, with current treatment options being largely supportive. The discovery of inflammasomes, particularly the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, has significantly advanced our knowledge regarding many inflammatory diseases’ pathogenesis, including AP. The NLRP3 inflammasome is central in mediating the inflammatory process in AP through its diverse activation mechanisms and its involvement in multiple signal transduction pathways. This has made NLRP3 an appealing target for novel therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating inflammation in AP. Despite the growing interest in NLRP3 as a therapeutic target, there remains a notable gap in clinical research, with few clinical trials exploring the efficacy of NLRP3 inhibitors in AP. Results of several preclinical studies and animal models are promising and suggest that the use of NLRP3 inhibitors could result in reduced inflammation and improved patient outcomes in AP. Further research is urgently needed to assess their potential benefits, safety, and applicability in human patients and address the underlying inflammatory processes driving AP.
Disease Modifying Monoclonal Antibodies and Symptomatic Pharmacological Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Qi Xiaoming , Nizamutdinov Damir , Yi Song Stephen , Wu Erxi , Huang Jason H.
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive syndrome characterized by neurocognitive impairment. Two neuropathological features seen in AD are extracellular amyloid plaques consisting of amyloid beta1-40 and 1-42, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). For decades, neuroscience research has heavily focused on seeking to understand the primary mechanism of AD and searching for pharmacological approaches for the treatment of dementia. Three monoclonal antibodies that act against amyloid beta—aducanumab, lecanemab, and donanemab—have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild AD, in addition to medications for cognitive symptom management such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist. Further trials should focus on the combination of therapies targeting amyloid plaques and tau pathology.