bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM UNTUK MASYARAKAT MULTIKULTUR
Authors: Faozan Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article proposes the whole-school approach model, an approach to put multicultural education as strategy to involve all the stakeholders of schools in one system. Islamic education is a sub system of multicultural national education system. Religious moderation in Islamic education is a hidden curriculum, to present Islam as moderate religion, not to serve religious subject as violence and extremism. The strategy or religious moderation can be seen from some aspects, such as teacher, textbook and extra-curricular activities.

Abstrak
Artikel ini menawarkan model whole-school approach, pendekatan yang memandang pendidikan multikultural sebagai sebuah strategi pendidikan yang melibatkan semua elemen sekolah sebagai sebuah sistem. Pendidikan Agama Islam merupakan sub sistem dari sistem pendidikan nasional yang multikultural. Moderasi beragama dalam pendidikan agama Islam dijadikan sebagai hiidden curriculum berarti cara mengajarkan pendidikan agama Islam yang moderat, bukan pendidikan agama yang mengajarkan kekerasan dan keekstreman. Strategi moderasi beragama dalam pendidikan agama Islam untuk masyarakat Indonesia multikultural dapat dilihat dari beberapa aspek antara lain guru, buku ajar dan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler.
Cross-National Variation in Domain-Life Satisfaction Relationships: Secondary Analyses of the Eurobarometer
Authors: Fonberg Jonathan , P. Smith Andrew
Published: January 2021

Wellbeing research is implicitly guided by two theoretical approaches: subjectivism and objectivism. Objectivists argue that the predictors of wellbeing are universal, whereas subjectivists emphasise the role of values. The aim of the present research was to assess these two views in the context of wellbeing research by conducting a secondary analysis of the Eurobarometer. This database includes satisfaction ratings of both life and specific domains (e.g. health, family, social life, personal safety, financial situation, home life, job and neighbourhood). Regression analyses revealed significant cross-national variation in domain-life satisfaction relationships, to the extent that none were universal. Direct cross-national comparison of these relationships revealed significant differences and further validated these findings. Variation in these relationships refutes the core premise of objectivism and indicates that subjectivism is a more appropriate framework for psychological research into wellbeing. In order to consolidate these findings, future research should incorporate other predictors of wellbeing, such as personality.
Peranan Guru dan siswa dalam Proses Pembelajaran Ekspositori di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Tanjung Jabung Timur
Authors: Suryani Suryani
Published: January 2021

Perubahan dunia yang begitu cepat menuntut kemampuan belajar yang lebih cepat. Prioritas utama bagi lembaga pendidikan adalah mengajarkan kepada anak-anak bagaimana cara belajar dan bagaimana cara berpikir. Hanya dengan dua keterampilan super inilah seseorang dapat mengatasi perubahan dan kompleksitas serta menjadi manusia yang secara ekonomi tidak bergantung dan tidak akan menganggur pada abad ini. Kedua ketetrampilan tersebut akan menghasilkan kemandirian dan kepercayaan diri. Kemandirian merupakan kemampuan untuk mengelola cara belajar sejak dini, untuk menguasai informasi dan untuk mengatahui bagaimana menggunakan informasi tersebut guna menghasilkan produk-produk dan jawaban-jawaban kreatif terhadap berbagai masalah.
EFFECT OF STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR ON VOLTAGE STABILITY UNDER NETWORK CONTINGENCIES
Authors: K SHANMUKHA SUNDAR , BABU P MANJUNATHA , D B PRAKASH
Published: January 2021

This paper focuses on enhancement of system performance under network contingencies through an optimal placement and optimal setting of static var compensator (SVC). The goal of the methodology developed is to identify the weakest bus using an index called Line Flow Index (LFI) and to maintain the voltages at all load buses within their specified limits through an optimal placement and optimal setting of SVC under contingency Condition. This premise is attested on 6- bus and 30 bus systems and the simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the method.
SHORT TERM HYDRO THERMAL SCHEDULING PROBLEM: A REVIEW
Authors: BISHT VIMAL SINGH , Sood Dr.Yog Raj , SURYAKANT Mr. , KUSHWAHA NIKHIL
Published: January 2021

Operation of a system having both hydro and thermal plants is far more complex and is of much more importance in a modern interconnected power system. The objective of the STHS problem is to optimize the electricity production, considering a short-term planning horizon. This paper presents an extensive review of a short term hydro thermal scheduling problem. The paper demonstrates results of various evolutionary and analytical methods applied on a short term hydro thermal scheduling problem .All the assumptions made and a brief description of the solution methods is presented in the paper. The paper provides helpful information and resources for the future studies for researchers those interested in the problem or intending to do additional research in this area.
DESIGN OF SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE H- PLANE HORN ANTENNA ON A PTFE SUBSTRATE
Authors: NAIR D. U. , ZELE CHETAN
Published: January 2021

Rectangular dielectric loaded substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) H-plane horn antenna, operating at 26 GHz has been proposed in this paper. For the simulations, a substrate of thickness 3.2mm and a dielectric material of Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (PTFE) has been used. The size of antenna was reduced and a dielectric slab was loaded in front of the horn. This resulted in the increase of gain and also narrow beamwidths in the E- plane and H- plane. A comparison between two horn antennas, one without dielectric loading and one with dielectric loading has been presented in this paper.
INTEGRATION OF CAD AND CAE IN SME’S FOR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: SAGAR PRASHANT B. , NAGARE MADHUKAR R.
Published: January 2021

Small manufacturing enterprises face a number of challenges when integrating computer aided design (CAD) tools and computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools into their design processes. One of the most significant challenges is interoperability across the wide range of commercial CAD and CAE tools. Although many of these tools support industry data standards and claim to be interoperable, the connection between them is not seamless. This paper summarizes studies of tool integration activities at one small manufacturer. The paper shows the enhancement of the product development process resulting from replacement of a two dimensional CAD system with a three-dimensional CAD system and creation of an inhouse capability to perform finite element analysis (FEA), replacing analysis that had previously been outsourced. As a result of these experiences, the manufacturer learned that improved productivity and superior designs could be obtained by integrating analysis into the design process at the earlier stages of conceptual and preliminary design.
PRECISION FLOW SIMULATOR USING AMR7
Authors: CHAVAN TUSHAR GOPAL , POL P.V.
Published: January 2021

Flow plays very important role in petroleum refineries.Flow measurement is quantification of bulkfluid movement.Flow simulator along with flow computer can control the flow through the different flow streams in the industries.Flow algorithm is stored in the flow computer,depending upon requirement the set point is given to the flow computer.Flow computer gives control signals for the flow simulator.Depending upon the control signals from flow simulator,flow computer adjust the opening and closing of the valve.Ultimately based upon opening and closing of the valve,the flow through the streams can be controlled according to the requirement.Using this type of flow simulator we can also check the flow computers to detect the malfunctioning in their operation.
IMPLEMENTATION OF MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL AND AUTO TUNING BASED PID FOR EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE CONTROL IN CSTR
Authors: KISHORE CHENIMINENI , SHEEREEN SYED FASEEHA , VANDHANA T. , RAJU S.SRINIVASULU
Published: January 2021

Continuous Stirrer Tank Reactor (CSTR) is an important topic in process control and offering a diverse range of researches in the area of chemical and control engineering. A simulation on mathematical model has several advantages over the experiment on a real model or system, which is used for steady state analysis and dynamic state analysis. The main objective is to control the temperature of CSTR in the presence of disturbance. Various control approaches have been applied on CSTR to control its parameters through PID control and MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL (MPC). Model design and simulation are done in MATLAB SIMULINK.
Green Strategy in Automation and Control Devices and Systems
Authors: Mahalik Nitaigour Premchand
Published: January 2021

The extension of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is possible in automation and control devices and systems. This paper review introduction to life cycle data acquisition (LCDA) scheme, an idea that can be technology transferred to automation and control field. The scheme is implemented at the device as well as system level. Exemplar platforms that are chosen for experimentation again are sensors, actuators, a process control system and autonomous machine system such as guided vehicle and the life or operational data were recorded. This paper is the extension of the previous presentations. The life-cycle data variables called data objects and related terms are used in order to maintain consistency. However, the way they are interfaced with the devices and systems are considered optimal. That is, in this research the data objects are firmwared in order to deal with real-time constraints. This attempt in implementation through new tools and design strategy is a new methodology and the results obtained through such procedure are new. It is convincing that the LCDA scheme can improve sustainability, availability, reliability as well as safety of the automation and control systems. Moreover, the LCDA scheme can support LCA attributes such as Design for Environment (DfE) facilitating the emerging green technology and systems. It is also expected that recording of life cycle data can assist in the design of new generation of the devices used in the automation and control applications.
A Hybrid Filter for Image Enhancement
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Priyanka Priyanka , Kishore Kaushal
Published: January 2021

Image filtering processes are applied on images to remove the different types of noise that are either present in the image during capturing or introduced into the image during transmission. The salt & pepper (impulse) noise is the one type of noise which is occurred during transmission of the images or due to bit errors or dead pixels in the image contents. The images are blurred due to object movement or camera displacement when we capture the image. This pepper deals with removing the impulse noise and blurredness simultaneously from the images. The hybrid filter is a combination of wiener filter and median filter.
Performance Analysis of 802.16/e for Image Transmission
Authors: Maradia Vivek Jaysukhlal
Published: January 2021

This paper is designed and implement for modeling and simulation performance of image transmission based on Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-MAX) using MATLAB/SIMULINK and hardware implementation via Xilinx Spartan - II based FPGA trainer model.
IMAGE EDGE DETECTION BASED ON FPGA
Authors: KUMAR B.GOPI CHANDRA , RAJVEE MOHAMMAD HAYATH
Published: January 2021

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is an effective device to realize real- time parallel processing of vast amounts of video data because of the fine-grain reconfigurable structures. This paper presents a kind of parallel processing construction of Sobel edge detection enhancement algorithm, which can quickly get the result of one pixel in only one clock periods. The algorithm is designed with a FPGA chip called XC3S200- 5ft256, and it can process 1024×1024×8 Gray Scale Image successfully. The design can locate the edge of the gray image quickly and efficiently.
IMAGE SEARCH ENGINE BASED ON COMBINED FEATURES OF IMAGE SUB-BLOCKS
Authors: KOTAPURI CHAITHANYA SAGAR , RIVJEE MOHAMMAD HAYATH
Published: January 2021

In this paper we propose a new and efficient technique to retrieve images based on sum of the values of Local Histogram and GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) texture of image sub-blocks to enhance the retrieval performance. The image is divided into sub blocks of equal size. Then the color and texture features of each sub-block are computed. Most of the image retrieval techniques used Histograms for indexing. Histograms describe global intensity distribution. They are very easy to compute and are insensitive to small changes in object translations and rotations. Our main focus is on separation of the image bins (histogram value divisions by frequency) followed by calculating the sum of values, and using them as image local features. At first, the histogram is calculated for an image sub-block. After that, it is subdivided into 16 equal bins and the sum of local values is calculated and stored. Similarly the texture features are extracted based on GLCM. The four statistic features of GLCM i.e. entropy, energy, inverse difference and contrast are used as texture features. These four features are computed in four directions (00, 450, 900, and 1350). A total of 16 texture values are computed per an image sub-block. An integrated matching scheme based on Most Similar Highest Priority (MSHP) principle is used to compare the query and target image. The adjacency matrix of a bipartite graph is formed using the sub-blocks of query and target image. This matrix is used for matching the images. Sum of the differences between each bin of the query and target image histogram is used as a distance measure for Local Histogram and Euclidean distance is adopted for texture features. Weighted combined distance is used in retrieving the images. The experimental results show that the proposed method has achieved highest retrieval performance.
Eficiencia del gasto público en educación y salud en América Latina
Authors: Mesías-Tamayo Rita Alexandra , Reza-Paocarina Edíson Bolívar , Leòn Serrano Lady Andrea
Published: January 2021

El reporte y cuantificación de recursos públicos utilizados para la provisión de programas de protección social se constituye en una herramienta relevante para la ejecución de análisis comparativos a nivel nacional, subnacional, regional, o global, sin embargo, existen al menos dos componentes adicionales que son de igual importancia: i) el impacto de dichos programas sobre el bienestar de grupos en situación de tratamiento; y, ii) la eficiencia en el uso de dichos recursos. Si bien los gobiernos deben redistribuir los recursos focalizando sus políticas públicas, a la par deben establecer cuán eficiente está siendo esta gestión para que la población más vulnerable mejore su calidad de vida e incremente el capital humano a nivel social. Dada la importancia de la implementación de indicadores de eficiencia para garantizar la consecución de objetivos en un espacio fiscal cada vez más reducido, el objetivo de la investigación plantea evaluar  la eficiencia en el uso de recursos dentro de los sectores educación y salud, para varios países de América Latina, mediante la aplicación metodológica del Análisis Envolvente de Datos a indicadores específicos de dichos sectores, así como mostrar la sencillez de la aplicación de este método para desarrollar propuestas de evaluación de política pública. Los principales resultados destacan que los efectos son mejores en cuanto exista una política pública definida y estable, como el caso de Chile, debido a la implementación del balance estructural, que bloquea los efectos adversos de los ciclos económicos sobre las finanzas públicas.
Costos de producción mediante el sistema de Costeo ABC y su efecto en la rentabilidad
Authors: Soto Espinosa Estefanía Elizabeth , García Zambrano Ximena Leticia
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad establecer la rentabilidad de cada actividad de la Empresa Agrícola Comercial Espinosa “AGRICOMES”, mediante el sistema de costeo ABC; para lo cual, se realizan visitas a cada propiedad de la Empresa “AGRICOMES” donde se identifican y observan las actividades de cada proceso de producción, además se procede a realizar entrevistas a los diferentes actores internos y externos, todo esto es fundamental para la estructuración del sistema de costeo basado por actividades (ABC). Esta metodología permitirá identificar, cuantificar y desarrollar las cadenas de valor de cada una de las actividades que se ejecutan; posteriormente, distribuir el costo de cada actividad en base a sus generadores y al final comparar el efecto en la rentabilidad de la empresa, entre los costos que mantiene AGRICOMES en sus estados y los obtenidos bajo el sistema propuesto. Logrando determinar que las utilidades que se obtienen de dos actividades agrícolas, banano de exportación y maracuyá, se encuentran subvencionando la pérdida que genera la actividad palmicultora; por lo tanto, mantener un adecuado sistema contable adaptado a las necesidades de la empresa logra evidenciar de forma oportuna el uso adecuado de los recursos disponibles, y así utilizar de forma adecuada los mismos, logrando de esta manera una óptima interrelación de las tres “E” de la economía.
Does Awareness and Demographics Really Influence the Investment Motives of
Working Women? -An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Rani Poonam , Mann Veerpaul Kaur
Published: January 2021

Purpose- Active participation of females in the economic activities has brought independence to them on social as well as economic front (Census 2011, chapter 4). This economic independency brought an emphatic wisdom in them for financial planning backed by certain
motives. The present study is an attempt to find out the variables that influences the
investment motives of economically empowered females.
Design/methodology/approach- The present study is conducted on a random sample of 300 females from National Capital region of India those who are either working or have some temporary break from their work. A questionnaire put in use to collect their responses.
Further factor analysis executed in order to have meaningful component through principle component analysis. Finally cross sectional regression used to find out the impact of selected demographic variables on investment motives i.e Safety & Growth of funds and specific future planning.
Findings-It is found Safety & Growth of funds and specific future planning are two significant investment motives of the working females and both the investment motives significantly explained by the level of education and awareness of financial products.
Research limitations/implications: The study has considered the NCR region and working females only.
Practical implications- Companies who sells financial products by looking at the investment motives and the risk appetite of females can develop financial products in line of their investment motives.
Originality/value- The study conferred the variables that indicate investment motives of
working females such as Safety & Growth of funds & and specific future planning. It also
pinpoints the impact of demographics on investment motives
Consequences of COVID-19 on Imports and Exports of China with Forecasted Error and
Future Trends
Authors: Ahmad Muneeb , Quddoos Muhammad Umer , Khan Yousaf Ali , Lahlimi Azeddine Elalami , Khurshid Mohammad Rizwan
Published: January 2021

Purpose- The primary motivation behind this paper is to break down results of Coronavirus on imports and fares of China with anticipated mistake and future patterns.
Design/methodology/approach - The paper depends on an Auto Backward Coordinated
Moving Normal model with explicit suggestion of Box and Jenkins approach each year
complete assessment of imports and fares of China as of the year 1950-2016 through
supportive quantifiable programming R. It is found that ARIMA (0, 2, 2) and ARIMA (0, 2, 1) model appear to be to be sensible to measure full scale yearly imports and fares of China independently.
Findings - After the control of COVID plague Chinese imports and fares will extend a tiny bit at a time and after the skirmish of three years get the figure (153609.6) in 2022, it will get the figure (153096.8) of 2019. After 2022, the advancement movement of Chinese imports and fares will be extended in a reliably close about a comparative rate before the attack of novel COVID.
Research limitations/implications - The foremost restriction of the research work it is
merely support on secondary data.
Practical implications - The scientist can utilize these models for determining yearly imports and fares of China. Any way it ought to be refreshed opportunity to time with a consolidation of current information. It is most significant that the scientist ought to consistently follow the guideline of stinginess and attempt to fit straightforward model rather than model with enormous boundaries.
Originality/value - The uniqueness of this article is that it features the select models for
gauging import and fare of China. It was discovered that AIC based model determination
methods provided ARIMA models with request (0, 2, 2) and request (0, 2, 1) for imports and fares of China separately were proper and helps in advancing money related incorporation with brings about higher monetary development and unfamiliar financial specialists.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development - A Study of
S&P BSE 100 Companies
Authors: Arora Amit Kumar , Panchal Ankit , Rathi Priya , Gupta Vijay Prakash
Published: January 2021

Purpose- This study is an attempt to study the overview of CSR provisions' applicability
and trends of S&P BSE 100 Companies. To determine whether there is any significant
difference in the actual expenditure on CSR and the expenditure to be done as per the CSR provision of Company Act 2013.
Design/methodology/approach - The study is descriptive and cross-sectional study.
Descriptive statistics and t-test have been used to analyze the data.
Findings - The study found no significant difference in the actual expenditure on CSR and the expenditure to be done as per the CSR provision of the Company Act 2013.The actual amount spent on CSR is increasing and the unspent amount on CSR is decreasing throughout the study. Numbers of companies are increasing which are spending more amount as per the provision. Most of the companies are spending on health care, education, rural development, gender equality, and slum area development, etc., mostly the elements which are used as a tool for sustainable development.
Research Limitations/implications - The study is based on the secondary data and
considered the S&P BSE 100 Companies only.
Practical implications - The study shows that the implications of CSR provision will be
fruitful for stakeholders, society and environment as well as for the sustainable development of the Indian economy.
Originality - The study has mainly focused on applicability of CSR provision and trends of
S&P BSE 100 Companies on the basis of cross-sectional study and tested a descriptive item which shows actual expenditure on CSR and the expenditure to be done as per the CSR provision of the Company Act 2013 a tool for sustainable development.
Contagion of Fear
Authors: Cevik Serhan , Öztürkkal Belma
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates the impact of infectious diseases on the evolution of sovereign credit default swap (CDS) spreads for a panel of 77 advanced and developing countries. Using annual data over the 2004-2020 period, we find that infectious-disease outbreaks have no discernible effect on CDS spreads, after controlling for macroeconomic and institutional factors. However, our granular analysis using high-frequency (daily) data indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on market-implied sovereign default risk. This adverse effect appears to be more pronounced in advanced economies, which may reflect the greater severity of the pandemic and depth of the ensuing economic crisis in these countries as well as widespread underreporting in developing countries due to differences in testing availability and institutional capacity. While our analysis also shows that more stringent domestic containment measures help lower sovereign CDS spreads, the macro-fiscal cost of efforts aimed at curbing the spread of the disease could undermine credit worthiness and eventually push the cost of borrowing higher.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA Genes and
Their Correlation with Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: M. El-Sabbagh Amr , H. Yassen Ahmed , M abdelsalam Maha
Published: January 2021

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium, producing gastric ulcer, mild to severe gastritis, gastric carcinoma and lymphoma to the gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue through many virulence influences. Among the virulence factors identified; vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA) and cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) play an important role. Objective: In this study, we try to discover the relation between vacA variant and cagA genes with the clinical illness occurring in H. pylori patients Methodology: One hundred and forty patients were included in our study. Dual biopsy samples were taken from the stomach; one was examined by the urease test, and the other one was stored at −80°C for DNA extraction followed by PCR. The existence of H. pylori in the tissue was recognized by the existence of glmM gene and its detection by PCR. All the positive samples were additionally tested by PCR for the occurrence of cagA and vacA variant genes. Results: Our study demonstrated that cagA and vacA genes were found among 50% and 57% respectively of H. pylori patients complaining from gastrointestinal illnesses and that vacA s1/s2 was the main genotype found in H. pylori persons with gastroduodenal disease. Significant relation between vacA s1 gene and cagA gene was found. Conclusion: vacA s1 genotype has a vital role in upper gastrointestinal illnesses progress.
La información en las asesorías
Authors: Tamayo Clark Isabel
Published: January 2021

Los bibliotecarios tienen el constante anhelo de lograr la maxrma eficiencia en los servicios y en la utilización de la información generada por todos los aspectos del conocimiento humano, en estimular su difusión y procurar que los gobiernos tomen conciencia de su importancia como un "recurso de valor estratégico" para el desarrollo del país en los campos científico y tecnológico así como en lo económico y social. En los países en desarrollo como el nuestro, no es posible tratar de resolver los problemas que se presentan en la selección, procesamiento y recuperación de la información, de la misma manera que lo hacen los países desarrollados. Muchas veces al imitar las técnicas de tratamiento de la información de dichos países hemos comprobado que esas estructuras no encajan con nuestros problemas específicos.
Revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre Descriptores y Tesauros
Authors: Ruiloba Rossel Catalina , Thornberry Villarán María Luisa
Published: January 2021

Resultado de una extensa investigación para coordinar la información sobre el tema, esperamos cumpla con los requerimientos de los profesionales interesados en el campo. Pretendemos dar una visión general de la evolución de los sistemas de recuperación de la información a comienzos de la década del 60, ubicando los primeros intentos realizados en lo referente a descriptores y tesauros dentro del marco de la Ciencia de la Información ; definimos exhaustivamente los descriptores y tesauros así como las pautas para la selección y elaboración de descriptores y construcción de tesauros, e intentamos recopilar los trabajos realizados a nivel nacional, latinoamericano y mundial.
Fine Scale Dynamics of Fragmented Aurora-Like Emission
Authors: Whiter Daniel K. , Dahlgren Hanna , Lanchester Betty S. , Dreyer Joshua , Partamies Noora , Ivchenko Nickolay , Di Fraia Marco Zaccaria , Oliver Rosie , Serpell-Stevens Amanda , Shaw-Diaz Tiffany , Braunersreuther Thomas
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Fragmented Aurora-like Emissions (FAEs) are small (few km) optical structures which have been observed close to the poleward boundary of the aurora from the high-latitude location of Svalbard (magnetic latitude 75.3 ° N). The FAEs are only visible in certain emissions and their shape has no magnetic-field aligned component, suggesting that they are not caused by energetic particle precipitation and are therefore not aurora in the normal sense of the word. The FAEs sometimes form wave-like structures parallel to an auroral arc, with regular spacing between each FAE. They drift at a constant speed and exhibit internal dynamics moving at a faster speed than the envelope structure. The formation mechanism of FAEs is currently unknown. We present an analysis of high-resolution optical observations of FAEs made during two separate events. Based on their appearance and dynamics we make the assumption that the FAEs are a signature of a dispersive wave in the lower E-region ionosphere, co-located with enhanced electron and ion temperatures detected by incoherent scatter radar. Their drift speed (group speed) is found to be 580–700 m s−1 and the speed of their internal dynamics (phase speed) is found to be 2200–2500 m s−1, both for an assumed altitude of 100 km. The speeds are similar for both events which are observed during different auroral conditions. We consider two possible waves which could produce the FAEs, electrostatic ion cyclotron waves and Farley-Buneman waves, and find that the observations could be consistent with either wave under certain assumptions. In the case of EIC waves the FAEs must be located at an altitude above about 140 km, and our measured speeds scaled accordingly. In the case of Farley-Buneman waves a very strong electric field of about 365 mV m−1 is required to produce the observed speeds of the FAEs; such a strong electric field may be a requirement for FAEs to occur.
Simulating measurable ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics with the mechanistically-defined MEMS 2.0 model
Authors: Zhang Yao , Lavallee Jocelyn M. , Robertson Andy D. , Even Rebecca , Ogle Stephen M. , Paustian Keith , Cotrufo M. Francesca
Published: January 2021

Abstract. For decades, predominant soil biogeochemical models have used conceptual soil organic matter (SOM) pools and only simulated them to a shallow depth in soil. Efforts to overcome these limitations have prompted the development of new generation SOM models, including MEMS 1.0, which represents measurable biophysical SOM fractions, over the entire root zone, and embodies recent understanding of the processes that govern SOM dynamics. Here we present the result of continued development of the MEMS model, version 2.0. MEMS 2.0 is a full ecosystem model with modules simulating plant growth with above and below-ground inputs, soil water, and temperature by layer, decomposition of plant inputs and SOM, and mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen (N). The model simulates two commonly measured SOM pools – particulate and mineral-associated organic matter (POM and MAOM), respectively. We present results of calibration and validation of the model with several grassland sites in the U.S. MEMS 2.0 generally captured the soil carbon (C) stocks (R2 of 0.89 and 0.6 for calibration and validation, respectively) and their distributions between POM and MAOM throughout the entire soil profile. The simulated soil N matches measurements but with lower accuracy (R2 of 0.73 and 0.31 for calibration and validation of total N in SOM, respectively) than for soil C. Simulated soil water and temperature were compared with measurements and the accuracy is comparable to the other commonly used models. The seasonal variation in gross primary production (GPP; R2 = 0.83), ecosystem respiration (ER; R2 = 0.89), net ecosystem exchange (NEE; R2 = 0.67), and evapotranspiration (ET; R2 = 0.71) were well captured by the model. We will further develop the model to represent forest and agricultural systems and improve it to incorporate new understanding of SOM decomposition.
The new CNES-CLS18 Global Mean Dynamic Topography
Authors: Mulet Sandrine , Rio Marie-Hélène , Etienne Hélène , Artana Camilia , Cancet Mathilde , Dibarboure Gérald , Feng Hui , Husson Romain , Picot Nicolas , Provost Christine , Strub P. Ted
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) is a key reference surface for altimetry. It is needed for the calculation of the ocean absolute dynamic topography, and under the geostrophic approximation, the estimation of surface currents. CNES-CLS Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) solutions are calculated by merging information from altimeter data, GRACE and GOCE gravity field and oceanographic in-situ measurements (drifting buoy velocities, hydrological profiles). The objective of this paper is to present the newly updated CNES-CLS18 MDT. The main improvement compared to the previous CNES-CLS13 solution is the use of updated input datasets: the GOCO05S geoid model is used based on the complete GOCE mission (November 2009–October 2013) and 10.5 years of GRACE data, together with all drifting buoy velocities (SVP-type and Argo floats) and hydrological profiles (CORA database) available from 1993–2017 (instead of 1993–2012). The new solution also benefits from improved data processing – in particular a new wind-driven current model has been developed to extract the geostrophic component from the buoy velocities; and methodology – in particular the computation of the medium scale GOCE-based MDT first guess and the correlation scales used for the multivariate mapping have been revised. An evaluation of the new solution compared to the previous version and to other existing MDT show significant improvements both in strong currents and coastal areas.
Altitude and management affect soil fertility, leaf nutrient status and Xanthomonas wilt prevalence in enset gardens
Authors: Shara Sabura , Swennen Rony , Deckers Jozef , Weldesenbet Fantahun , Vercammen Laura , Eshetu Fassil , Woldeyes Feleke , Blomme Guy , Merckx Roel , Vancampenhout Karen
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a productive, drought-tolerant and multipurpose food security crop grown in the densely populated Ethiopian highlands. It is a so-called orphan crop, and its production suffers from a lack of information on proper soil fertility management and its interaction with bacterial wilt disease caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum. The aim of this study was therefore to assess soil–plant nutrient variation within enset home gardens at three altitudes (ranging from 2000 to 3000 m above sea level – a.s.l.) in the Gamo highlands and investigate whether this variation affects disease prevalence. Altitude in the rift valley covaries with soil leaching, and plant available P, Ca and Mg in soils significantly raised with decreasing altitude. Soil carbon and most nutrients reached very high levels in the gardens, whereas the more distant outfields were severely nutrient deprived. Differences in management intensity within the garden caused soil pH, conductivity, total organic carbon, total N and available P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe levels to significantly decline with distance from the house; yet, this decrease in soil nutrients was not mirrored in a response of foliar nutrient content, except for N. Hence, over-fertilization is likely, and establishing evidence-based nutrient recommendations for enset would benefit soil quality and productivity both in the gardens and in the outfields. Disease prevalence was high in the study area, with one-third of the farms affected in the recent past. Although more experimental work is needed to exclude confounding factors, our data indicate that the effects of altitude, P fertilization, micronutrients and K-Ca-Mg balance are promising avenues for further investigation into Xanthomonas wilt disease susceptibility.
Crossing the Brooklyn Bridge: a health literacy training partnership before and during COVID-19
Authors: DeRosa Antonio P. , Jedlicka Caroline , Mages Keith C. , Stribling Judy Carol
Published: January 2021

Background: A request for consumer health information training for public librarians led to the development of a specialized consumer health reference and health literacy training program by professional consumer health librarians from an academic medical center. Professional consumer health librarians created an interactive presentation aimed at improving public librarians’ ability to respond to consumer health questions and provide vetted health resources.Case Presentation: Building on professional expertise, librarians at Weill Cornell Medicine developed a live class demonstration accompanied by a representative subject LibGuide to support public librarians who assist patrons with health questions. Skills involved in effectively communicating with patrons who are seeking consumer health information include conducting reference interviews, matching patrons’ needs with appropriate resources, teaching useful Internet search methods, assessing health information, and understanding health literacy issues. Originally envisioned as two in-person live demonstrations, the team proactively adapted the program to respond to the stay-at-home social-distancing order put in place in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Conclusions: The team successfully led an in-person live training session followed by an adapted online training experience, the latter designed to complete the curricula while complying with city and state orders.
Assessing the roles and challenges of librarians in dental systematic and scoping reviews
Authors: Schvaneveldt Nena , Stellrecht Elizabeth M.
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the scope of experience, roles, and challenges that librarians face in participating in dental and oral health systematic and scoping reviews to inform outreach efforts to researchers and identify areas for librarian professional development.Methods: The authors developed a twenty-three-item survey based on the findings of two recent articles about health sciences librarians’ roles and challenges in conducting systematic and scoping reviews. The survey was distributed via electronic mailing lists to librarians who were likely to have participated in conducting dental systematic and scoping reviews.Results: While survey respondents reported participating in many dental reviews, they participated more commonly in systematic reviews than in scoping reviews. Also, they worked less commonly on dental and oral health reviews than on non-dental reviews. Librarian roles in dental reviews tended to follow traditional librarian roles: all respondents had participated in planning and information retrieval stages, whereas fewer respondents had participated in screening and assessing articles. The most frequently reported challenges involved the lead reviewer or review team rather than the librarians themselves, with time- and methodology-related challenges being most common.Conclusions: Although librarians might not be highly involved in dental and oral health systematic and scoping reviews, more librarian participation in these reviews, either as methodologists or information experts, may improve their reviews’ overall quality.
Why are they not accessing it? User barriers to clinical information access
Authors: Laera Elizabeth , Gutzman Karen , Spencer Angela , Beyer Charlotte , Bolore Saskia , Gallagher John , Pidgeon Sean , Rodriguez Ryan
Published: January 2021

The Medical Library Association’s InSight Initiative provides an open and collaborative environment for library and industry partners to discuss vexing problems and find solutions to better serve their users. The initiative’s fifth summit, continuing work from the previous summit, focused on understanding how users discover and access information in the clinical environment. During the summit, participants were divided into working groups and encouraged to create a tangible product as a result of their discussions. At the end of the summit, participants established a framework for understanding users’ pain points, discussed possible solutions to those points, and received feedback on their work from an End User Advisory Board comprising physicians, clinical researchers, and clinical faculty in biomedicine. In addition to the pain point framework, participants are developing MLA InSight Initiative Learning content with modules to educate librarians and publishers about critical aspects of user behavior. The 2020 Insight Initiative Fall Forum will serve as a virtual home for constructive dialogue between health sciences librarians and publishers on improving discovery and access to information.
A core competency model for clinical informationists
Authors: Hashemian Mohammadreza , Zare-Farashbandi Firoozeh , Yamani Nikoo , Rahimi Alireza , Adibi Peyman
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Access to high-quality information improves the quality of patient care, but lack of time and sufficient skills in information seeking can prevent access to information by clinicians. To solve this problem, clinical informationists can provide high-quality, filtered information for clinical team members. This study identified the core competencies that clinical informationists need to effectively fulfill their roles on clinical teams.Methods: Participants were selected purposefully from clinicians and medical librarians. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results: The authors identified six competencies—communication, research, education and training, domain knowledge, information services, and technology—which together were used to develop a “CREDIT” model of core competencies for clinical informationists.Conclusions: The CREDIT model can be used as criteria for evaluating the performance of clinical informationists as well as for developing and assessing clinical informationist educational programs and curriculums. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
Question formulation skills training using a novel rubric with first-year medical students
Authors: Eldredge Jonathan , Schiff Melissa A. , Langsjoen Jens O. , Jerabek Roger N.
Published: January 2021

Objective: The research used an assessment rubric to measure medical students’ improvement in question formulation skills following a brief evidence-based medicine (EBM) training session conducted by a health sciences librarian.Method: In a quasi-experimental designed study, students were assessed on their pre-instructional skills in formulating answerable EBM questions, based on a clinical scenario, using a rubric. Following their training, they were assessed using the same scenario and rubric. Student pre- and post-test scores were compared using a paired t-test.Results: Students demonstrated statistically significant improvement in their question formulation skills on their post-instructional assessments. The average score for students on the pre-test was 45.5 (SD 11.1) and the average score on the post-test was 65.6 (SD 5.4) with an increase of 20.1 points on the 70-point scale, p<0.001.Conclusion: The brief instructional session aided by the rubric improved students’ performance in question formulation skills.
United States fatal pedestrian crash hot spot locations and characteristics
Authors: Schneider Robert James , Sanders Rebecca , Proulx Frank , Moayyed Hamideh
Published: January 2021

US pedestrian fatalities are at their highest level in nearly three decades and account for an increasing share of total traffic fatalities (16%). To achieve the vision of a future transportation system that produces zero deaths, pedestrian safety must be improved. In this study, we screened the entire US roadway network to identify fatal pedestrian crash “hot spot” corridors: 1,000-meter-long sections of roadway where six or more fatal pedestrian crashes occurred during an eightyear period. We identified 34 hot spot corridors during 2001-2008 and 31 during 2009-2016. While only five corridors were hot spots during both analysis periods, the 60 unique hot spots had remarkably consistent characteristics. Nearly all (97%) were multilane roadways, with 70% requiring pedestrians to cross five or more lanes. More than three-quarters had speed limits of 30 mph or higher, and 62% had traffic volumes exceeding 25,000 vehicles per day. All had adjacent commercial retail and service land uses, 72% had billboards, and three-quarters were bordered by low-income neighborhoods. Corridors with these characteristics clearly have the potential to produce high numbers of pedestrian fatalities. We also used hierarchical clustering to classify the hot spots based on their roadway and surrounding landuse characteristics into three types: regional highways, urban primary arterial roadways, and New York City thoroughfares. Each context may require different safety strategies. Our results support a systemic approach to improve pedestrian safety: Agencies should identify other roadway corridors with similar characteristics throughout the US and take actions to reduce the risk of future pedestrian fatalities.
Pathway of the Baltica, from Yearbook to the International Journal on Geosciences
Authors: Grigelis Algimantas
Published: January 2021

An article is devoted to the passion of ‘Baltica’ Edition – from the Yearbook – established in 1961, published first in 1963, and renewed in 1993 – to the present International Journal on Geosciences of the Baltic Sea and the circum-Baltic States, the story that follows 25 years of Academician Algimantas Grigelis editorial work. The article presents some thoughts about a role of regional journal(s) for science and society, it makes a short historical overview, reports an effectiveness of editorial system, notes tireless efforts for a high contents quality as a main tool for its international evaluation and publicity.
Verification of gravity-flow models: case study from the Lower Eocene sediments (Tylmanowa site, SE Poland)
Authors: Górska Martyna E.
Published: January 2021

The thick-bedded, deep-water sandstone succession was described at the Tylmanowa site from the Polish Outer Carpathians. This part of the Carpathians is built mainly of the Upper Jurassic to Paleogene deep-water rocks. Succession at the Tylmanowa site is composed of massive, ripple-cross laminated, planar and trough cross-stratified, horizontally laminated and deformed sandstones as well as massive and horizontally laminated mudstones. All these sediments derived from gravity flows that prograde downslope from a basin margin towards the widespread abyssal plain. Exposed succession records the gradual transition from a decelerating debris flow to a turbidity current what is extraordinary in the recent investigations of deep-water sediments. The study succession has been compared with the widely known sediment models, such as: the classic Bouma Sequence (Bouma 1962), the high-density turbidite model (Lowe 1982), the fluxoturbidite model (Ślączka, Thompson 1981) and the hybrid event bed model (Haughton et al. 2009).