bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid and Nonhybrid Laminate Composites of Sugar Palm and Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polypropylene: Effect of Alkali and Sodium Bicarbonate Treatments
Authors: Mukhtar Isma’ila , Leman Zulkiflle , Zainudin Edi Syams , Ishak Mohamad Ridzwan
Published: April 2019

In recent years, the hybrid composites of cellulosic and synthetic fibres are tailored to yield materials with reduced cost and weight. Prior to the fabrication of the hybrid composite, in most case, the cellulosic fibre needs surface modification for proper bonding. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of sodium bicarbonate treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of the hybrid and nonhybrid laminate composites of sugar palm and glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene. The findings will be compared with the conventional alkali treatment. The laminate composites were fabricated using the film stacking technique and hot compression process. Prior to the fabrication process, the sugar palm fibre in it which is naturally woven mat was treated with 4 wt% and 10 wt% alkali and sodium bicarbonate, respectively. All the laminate composites were investigated by tensile, flexural, and impact test, water absorption, and morphological examination. The tensile strength increased with both alkaline and sodium bicarbonate treatments for the hybrid and nonhybrid composites. The increase was more pronounced with the alkaline-treated SPF composite (L03) which displayed the highest value of 61.75 MPa, while that of the sodium bicarbonate-treated SPF composite (L04) recorded 58.76 MPa against 53.01 MPa for the untreated SPF composite (L02). The same trend was observed for the flexural strength. In overall, the alkaline treatment yielded better performance in comparison with sodium bicarbonate treatment.
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein: A Potential Ancillary Biomarker for Malaria Diagnosis and Morbidity
Authors: Addai-Mensah Otchere , Annani-Akollor Max Efui , Fondjo Linda Ahenkorah , Anto Enoch Odame , Gyamfi Daniel , Sallah Lorraine , Agama Dennis , Djabatey Richard , Owiredu Eddie-Williams
Published: April 2019

Background. Malaria remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Previous studies that assessed C-reactive protein (CRP) have centered on the conventional method. This study evaluated the usefulness of high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) in malaria diagnosis and morbidity in a pediatric population in Ghana.Methodology. A total of 267 subjects (100 microscopically proven nonmalarial parasitaemics as controls and 167 plasmodium parasitaemic subjects as cases), between the ages of 7 months and 18 years, were recruited for this case-control study. Blood samples were collected for malaria parasite density by microscopic examination; full blood count, electrolytes, and liver function tests using an automated analyzer; and hs-CRP levels by sandwich ELISA method.Results. The median hs-CRP concentration was lowest in the control group and increased significantly from low to high parasitaemia. The median hs-CRP level was significantly higher in high malaria parasitaemia compared to moderate and low malaria parasitaemia. Increasing hs-CRP cutoff (3.12-4.64 mg/L) presented with increasing specificity (79.3-93.1%) and sensitivity (96.4%-97.4%), except for moderate parasitaemia where a decline in sensitivity (80.9%) was observed. However, hs-CRP had relatively lower PPV but high NPV at low parasitaemia while both the PPV and NPV were moderate in moderate parasitaemia.Conclusion. hs-CRP yielded a high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for low, moderate, and high-grade malaria, respectively, and thus may serve as an effective supplementary diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for Plasmodium parasite infection. However, hs-CRP might not be readily useful yet for diagnostic purposes in hospitals due to the relatively low PPV and NPV for low and moderate parasitaemia and thus necessitates further studies in larger cohorts.
Simplified Method for Calculating the Active Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls of Narrow Backfill Width Based on DEM Analysis
Authors: Yang Minghui , Deng Bo
Published: April 2019

Spaces for backfills are often constrained and narrowed when retaining walls must be built close to existing stable walls in urban areas or near rock faces in mountainous areas. The discrete element method (DEM), using Particle Flow Code (PFC‐2D) software, was employed to simulate the behavior of cohesionless soil with narrow width behind a rigid retaining wall when the wall translation moved away from the soils. The simulations focused on the failure model of the soil when the movement of the wall reaches the value where active earth pressure occurs, and the shape of the sliding surface was captured. Then, based on the limit equilibrium method with the obtained slip surfaces in PFC‐2D, a simplified analytical method is presented to obtain a solution of the active earth pressure acting on rigid retaining with narrow backfill width. The point of application of the active earth pressure is also obtained. The calculated values agree well with those from physical tests in the previous literature. Furthermore, the effects of the width of the backfill, internal friction angle of soil, and wall‐soil friction angle on the distribution of active earth pressure are discussed.
Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of Hip Fractures Involving Both the Subcapital Area and the Trochanteric or Subtrochanteric Area
Authors: Tani Takayuki , Kijima Hiroaki , Konishi Natsuo , Kubota Hitoshi , Yamada Shin , Tazawa Hiroshi , Suzuki Norio , Kamo Keiji , Okudera Yoshihiko , Fujii Masashi , Sasaki Ken , Kawano Tetsuya , Iwamoto Yosuke , Nagahata Itsuki , Miyakoshi Naohisa , Shimada Yoichi
Published: April 2019

Purpose. Proximal femoral fractures involving both the subcapital area and the trochanteric or subtrochanteric area have rarely been reported, but they are not uncommon. However, few studies have reported the incidence or clinical outcomes of such fractures. This study investigated such fractures.Methods. In area classification, the proximal femur is divided into 4 areas by 3 boundary planes: the first plane is the center of femoral neck; the second plane is the border between femoral neck and femoral trochanter; and the third plane links the inferior borders of greater and lesser trochanters. A fracture only in the first area is classified as a Type 1 fracture; one in the first and second areas is classified as a Type 1-2 fracture. Therefore, proximal femoral fractures involving both the subcapital area and the trochanteric area are classified as Type 1-2-3, and those involving both the subcapital area and the subtrochanteric area are classified as Type 1-2-3-4. In this study, a total of 1042 femoral proximal fractures were classified by area classification, and the treatment methods and the failure rates were investigated only for Types 1-2-3 and 1-2-3-4 cases. The failure rate was defined as the incidence of internal fixator cut-out or telescoping >10 mm.Results. Types 1-2-3 and 1-2-3-4 fractures accounted for 1.72%. Surgical treatment was performed for 89%. Of these, 56% underwent osteosynthesis, but the failure rate was 33%. The other patients (44%) underwent prosthetic replacement. Fracture lines of all these fractures were present along trochanteric fossa to intertrochanteric fossa in posterior aspect and just below the femoral head in anterior aspect.Conclusion. Fracture involving the subcapital area to the trochanteric or subtrochanteric area was found in approximately 2%. In patients for whom prosthetic replacement was selected, good results were obtained. However, 1/3 of patients who underwent osteosynthesis had poor results.
Modified Cervicofacial Flap for Large Cheek Defect Reconstruction under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Sharma Shiv Prasad , Nigam Akshay
Published: April 2019

The cervicofacial flap was first described in 1969. For the past several years, it has been the flap of choice for the reconstruction of facial defects especially cheek defects. In recent years, with the advent of microvascular free flap tissue transfer, the use of a cervicofacial flap has been sparse. This article highlights the importance and application of locoregional flaps such as a cervicofacial flap in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects on a face. This case was unique from the reconstruction point of view. An 81-year-old patient presented to us with a long standing ulcerated growth in his left cheek which was neglected due to lack of symptoms and his poor financial condition. Clinically, the extent was defined from the suborbital skin region till the mid cheek region and medially from the lateral nasal crease up to the cheek prominence area. An initial biopsy suggested basal cell carcinoma. The lesion was excised, and a 4.5×5.5 cm defect was reconstructed using a modified “cervicofacial” flap under local anesthesia. Our experience shows that this technique is a reliable, easy to harvest flap with good outcomes. Moreover, it can be utilized in those candidates not suitable for a free flap procedure under general anesthesia.
Glycated Serum Protein Genetics and Pleiotropy with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Johnson Matthew P. , Keyho Ryan , Blackburn Nicholas B. , Laston Sandra , Kumar Satish , Peralta Juan , Thapa Suman S. , Towne Bradford , Subedi Janardan , Blangero John , Williams-Blangero Sarah
Published: April 2019

Measurements of fasting glucose (FG) or glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are two clinically approved approaches commonly used to determine glycemia, both of which are influenced by genetic factors. Obtaining accurate measurements of FG or HbA1c is not without its challenges, though. Measuring glycated serum protein (GSP) offers an alternative approach for assessing glycemia. The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability of GSP and GSP expressed as a percentage of total serum albumin (%GA) using a variance component approach and localize genomic regions (QTLs) that harbor genes likely to influence GSP and %GA trait variation in a large extended multigenerational pedigree from Jiri, Nepal (n=1,800). We also performed quantitative bivariate analyses to assess the relationship between GSP or %GA and several cardiometabolic traits. Additive genetic effects significantly influence variation in GSP and %GA levels (p values: 1.15×10−5 and 3.39×10−5, respectively). We localized a significant (LOD score=3.18) and novel GSP QTL on chromosome 11q, which has been previously linked to type 2 diabetes. Two common (MAF>0.4) SNPs within the chromosome 11 QTL were associated with GSP (adjusted pvalue<5.87×10−5): an intronic variant (rs10790184) in the DSCAML1 gene and a 3′UTR variant (rs8258) in the CEP164 gene. Significant positive correlations were observed between GSP or %GA and blood pressure, and lipid traits (p values: 0.0062 to 1.78×10−9). A significant negative correlation was observed between %GA and HDL cholesterol (p=1.12×10−5). GSP is influenced by genetic factors and can be used to assess glycemia and diabetes risk. Thus, GSP measurements can facilitate glycemic studies when accurate FG and/or HbA1c measurements are difficult to obtain. GSP can also be measured from frozen blood (serum) samples, which allows the prospect of retrospective glycemic studies using archived samples.
Cognitive Rehabilitation of Acquired Calculation Disturbances
Authors: Ardila Alfredo , Rosselli Monica
Published: April 2019

Acalculia is an acquired disorder in calculation abilities, usually associated with left posterior parietal damage. Two types of acalculic disorders are usually distinguished: (1) primary acalculia or anarithmetia, where the patient presents a loss of numerical concepts (difficulties are observed both in oral and written calculations), and (2) secondary acalculia due to a different disturbance in cognition and affecting mathematical abilities. Secondary acalculias are associated with aphasia, alexia, agraphia, executive function disorders, or visuospatial difficulties. This paper is a proposal for clinical intervention to rehabilitation of acquired primary and secondary acalculias.
Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma of the GI Tract: An Exception to Occam’s Principle in an Adult with SBO
Authors: Aguirre Luis E. , Ali Robert A. , Kerr Darcy A. , Khanlari Mahsa , Lopes Gilberto
Published: April 2019

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare and locally aggressive vascular tumor with histological features resembling Kaposi sarcoma and capillary hemangioma mainly occurring in children and adolescents. Approximately 200 cases have been reported since its original description in 1993, with the vast majority presenting at an early age as raised ill-defined lesions with a red-blue hue mainly involving the skin and soft tissues in the extremities. Cases in adults remain extremely rare. Herein, we describe the case of a 29 year-old man who presented with progressive abdominal pain for 4 months and signs of obstipation found to be consistent with small bowel volvulus. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and resection of 55 cm of necrotic small bowel followed by enteroenterostomy and anastomosis. Microscopic examination revealed KHE involving small intestinal mesentery, muscularis propria, and submucosa. His recovery was uneventful and he was discharged after stabilization, opting to manage him expectantly with abdominopelvic imaging and to monitor for development of Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of this entity presenting as intestinal obstruction in an adult for which we also present a review of the existing literature and possible treatment options.
On Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Basal Ganglia Injury: A Report of Three Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Azizi Heela , Kilpatrick Alexander , Olayinka Olaniyi , Poopola Olusegun , Ahmad Maleeha , Kahn Alexa , Khan Tasmia , Rimawi Dina , Williams Shantale , Jayaraj Sinthuja , Leung Ivan , Langdon Sherina , Iskander Mirna , Chohan Ali , Nuthalapati Deepa , Umesi Ulunma , Vyas Geetha , Oyelakin Ayotomide , Kodjo Kodjovi , Ojimba Chiedozie , Jegede Oluwole , Nisenoff Carolina , Jolayemi Ayodeji
Published: April 2019

The basal ganglia have been considered to primarily play a role in motor processing. A growing body of theoretical and clinical evidence shows that in addition to the motor functions the basal ganglia play a key role in perceptual and visual disturbances. This role may be evident in patients with basal ganglia pathology and subsequent manifestation of symptoms that include cognitive, perceptual, and affective disturbances. We present three cases with basal ganglia pathology that demonstrate affective and psychotic symptoms. Two of the cases presented with late onset psychotic disturbances suggesting likely neurological etiologies. The third case presented with treatment refractory psychosis and symptoms that are rare for a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The role of incidental bilateral basal ganglia calcifications in all the cases is discussed. A review of current literature highlighting various neuropsychiatric manifestations of basal ganglia pathologies in various patients with psychiatric symptoms is presented.
Hyaluronic Acid-Conjugated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Dual Anticancer Agents for Chemophotodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Park Sanghyo , Park Hyungkyu , Jeong Seokhyeon , Yi Bong Gu , Park Kyeongsoon , Key Jaehong
Published: April 2019

Present cancer treatments using chemotherapy are limited owing to both significant side effects to normal cells and high recurrence rates. In this study, we demonstrated cancer cell-targeting nanoparticles that load multiple anticancer agents for both specific treatments to cancer and substantial therapeutic effects. For this purpose, hyaluronic acid (HA) was conjugated to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for specifically targeting cancer cells. Moreover, the prepared HA-MSNs exhibited high drug loading potential and sustained drug release. Compared to bare MSNs, the HA-MSNs were internalized at an approximately three times higher rate in squamous cell carcinoma 7 (SCC7) cells. To enhance the anticancer effects of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT), doxorubicin (DOX) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) were loaded in HA-MSNs (DOX/Ce6/HA-MSNs); the product exhibited highly effective cytotoxicity on green fluorescent protein-expressing squamous cell carcinoma 7 (SCC7) compared to the corresponding free drugs and HA-MSNs with DOX or Ce6 alone. This study indicates that the application of DOX/Ce6/HA-MSNs in chemotherapy and PDT exerts significant therapeutic effects against SCC7.
Effects of Incorporation of Marble Powder Obtained by Recycling Waste Sludge and Limestone Powder on Rheology, Compressive Strength, and Durability of Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Alyousef Rayed , Benjeddou Omrane , Soussi Chokri , Khadimallah Mohamed Amine , Mustafa Mohamed Abdeliazim
Published: April 2019

Marble has been commonly used as a building material since ancient times. The disposal of waste materials from the marble industry, consisting of sludge that is composed of powder mixed with water, is one of the current worldwide environmental problems. This experimental study aims to valorize marble powder, which is achieved by grinding the sludge as filler added to the cementitious matrix of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the marble filler effects on the rheology in the fresh state and on the hardened properties of SCCs compared to those of limestone filler. To this end, two SCCs, SCCM and SCCL, manufactured using marble powder and limestone filler, respectively, were prepared and tested. The fresh properties of the two SCCs’ mixtures were determined by slump flow, L-box, V-funnel, sieve stability, bulk density, and air content. Tests on hardened SCCs included compressive strength, homogeneity, and quality in terms of ultrasonic pulse velocity and durability against carbonation and water penetration. In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the specimens.
Pharmacotherapeutics and Molecular Mechanism of Phytochemicals in Alleviating Hormone-Responsive Breast Cancer
Authors: Rampogu Shailima , Park Chanin , Ravinder Doneti , Son Minky , Baek Ayoung , Zeb Amir , Bavi Rohit , Kumar Raj , Lee Gihwan , Parate Shraddha , Pawar Smita C. , Park Yohan , Park Seok Ju , Lee Keun Woo
Published: April 2019

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide devoid of effective treatment. It is therefore important to develop agents that can reverse, reduce, or slow the growth of BC. The use of natural products as chemopreventive agents provides enormous advantages. The aim of the current investigation is to determine the efficacy of the phytochemicals against BC along with the approved drugs to screen the most desirable and effective phytocompound. In the current study, 36 phytochemicals have been evaluated against aromatase to identify the potential candidate drug along with the approved drugs employing the Cdocker module accessible on the Discovery Studio (DS) v4.5 and thereafter analysing the stability of the protein ligand complex using GROningen MAchine for Chemical Simulations v5.0.6 (GROMACS). Additionally, these compounds were assessed for the inhibitory features employing the structure-based pharmacophore (SBP). The Cdocker protocol available with the DS has computed higher dock scores for the phytochemicals complemented by lower binding energies. The top-ranked compounds that have anchored with key residues located at the binding pocket of the protein were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations employing GROMACS. The resultant findings reveal the stability of the protein backbone and further guide to comprehend on the involvement of key residues Phe134, Val370, and Met374 that mechanistically inhibit BC. Among 36 compounds, curcumin, capsaicin, rosmarinic acid, and 6-shogaol have emerged as promising phytochemicals conferred with the highest Cdocker interaction energy, key residue interactions, stable MD results than reference drugs, and imbibing the key inhibitory features. Taken together, the current study illuminates the use of natural compounds as potential drugs against BC. Additionally, these compounds could also serve as scaffolds in designing and development of new drugs.
Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Hepatic Fibrosis/Cirrhosis
Authors: Li Xu , Jiao Yuan , Xing Yunlong , Gao Pujun
Published: April 2019

Development of cirrhosis is two- to threefold greater in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and in this setting, the prevalence of cirrhosis is surging worldwide. The present review served to examine clinical ties between DM and liver fibrosis and hepatic cirrhosis and explore related biologic mechanisms. Pathways contributing to various etiologies of cirrhosis in conjunction with DM were key investigative targets.
High Membranous Expression of Fatty Acid Transport Protein 4 Is Associated with Tumorigenesis and Tumor Progression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Young-Sik , Jung Jiyoon , Jeong Hoiseon , Lee Ju-Han , Oh Hwa Eun , Lee Eung Seok , Choi Jung-Woo
Published: April 2019

The increased requirement of fatty acids forces cancer cells to enhance uptake of fatty acids from the extracellular milieu, in addition to de novo lipogenesis. Coexpression of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) with fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) or long-chain acyl CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) synergistically activated fatty acid uptake in experimental models. In this study, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of CD36, FATP4, and ACSL1 in 180 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in comparison with 80 specimens of the normal kidney. We also examined the clinical implication of these three fatty acid transporters in RCC, which was validated by an open-access The Cancer Genome Atlas data analysis. Both CD36 and FATP4 revealed higher membranous expressions in RCC tumor cells than in normal cells. In contrast, ACSL1 expression was remarkably reduced in RCC tumor cells compared to normal cells. CD36, FATP4, and ACSL1 showed high expressions in 74 (41.1%), 85 (47.2%), and 72 (40.0%) out of 180 RCC cases, respectively. Clinically, high FATP4 in tumor cells was associated with female gender (p=0.05), high TNM stage (p=0.039), tumor necrosis (p=0.009), and tumor recurrence (p=0.037), while high ACSL1 was only related to female gender (p=0.023). CD36 expression revealed no correlation with the clinicopathologic parameters of RCC. Increased FATP4 expression displayed an association with short recurrence-free survival (p=0.003). In conclusion, the high FATP4 expression was clinically associated with poor prognostic factors of RCC. Overexpression of membranous FATP4 and CD36 combined with reduced cytoplasmic expression of ACSL1 might be a tumor-specific feature of RCC, contributing to the tumorigenesis and tumor progression.
Mechanism of Action of Icariin in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Yang Aofei , Yu Chaochao , Lu Qilin , Li Hao , Li Zhanghua , He Chengjian
Published: April 2019

Osteoporosis, femoral head necrosis, and congenital bone defects are orthopedic disorders characterized by reduced bone generation and insufficient bone mass. Bone regenerative therapy primarily relies on the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their ability to differentiate osteogenically. Icariin (ICA) is the active ingredient of Herba epimedii, a common herb used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations, and can effectively enhance BMSC proliferation and osteogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of ICA action in BMSCs is not completely clear. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies on the role and mechanism of action of ICA in BMSCs, to provide greater insights into its potential clinical use in bone regeneration.
Toxoplasma gondiiModulates the Host Cell Responses: An Overview of Apoptosis Pathways
Authors: Mammari Nour , Halabi Mohamad Adnan , Yaacoub Souha , Chlala Hilda , Dardé Marie-Laure , Courtioux Bertrand
Published: April 2019

Infection withToxoplasma gondiihas a major implication in public health.Toxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can infect all nucleated cells belonging to a wide range of host species. One of the particularities of this parasite is its invasion and persistence in host cells of immunocompetent people. This infection is usually asymptomatic. In immunocompromised patients, the infection is severe and symptomatic. The mechanisms by whichT. gondiipersists are poorly studied in humans. In mouse models, many aspects of the interaction between the parasite and the host cells are being studied. Apoptosis is one of these mechanisms that could be modulated byToxoplasmato persist in host cells. Indeed,Toxoplasmahas often been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis and viability mechanisms in both human and murine infection models. Several of these studies centered on the regulation of apoptosis pathways have revealed interference of this parasite with host cell immunity, cell signalling, and invasion mechanisms. This review provides an overview of recent studies concerning the effect ofToxoplasmaon different apoptotic pathways in infected host cells.
Paper-Based Nanoplatforms for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Matias M. L. , Nunes D. , Pimentel A. , Ferreira S. H. , Borda d’Agua R. , Duarte M. P. , Fortunato E. , Martins R.
Published: April 2019

In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures were grown on different cellulose paper substrates, namely, Whatman, office, and commercial hospital papers, using a hydrothermal method assisted by microwave irradiation. Pure ZnO and TiO2 nanostructures were synthesized; however, the growth of TiO2 above ZnO was also investigated to produce a uniform heterostructure. Continuous ZnO nanorod arrays were grown on Whatman and hospital papers; however, on office paper, the formation of nanoplates originating nanoflower structures could be observed. TiO2 nanoparticles homogeneously covered all the substrates, in some conditions forming uniform TiO2 films. Structural characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The optical characterization of all the materials was carried out. The produced materials were investigated for multifunctional applications, like photocatalyst agents, bacterial inactivators, and ultraviolet (UV) sensors. To evaluate the photocatalytic activity under UV and solar radiations, rhodamine B was the model-test contaminant indicator and the best photocatalytic activity was achieved with Whatman paper. Hospital paper with TiO2 nanoparticles showed significant antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus. ZnO-based UV sensors demonstrated a responsivity of 0.61 μA W-1.
Displacement Solution of Salt Cavern with Shear Dilatation Behavior Based on Hoek‐Brown Strength Criterion
Authors: Zhang Huabin , Zhang Qingqing , Wang Laigui
Published: April 2019

In this study, an analytical solution of stress, strain, and displacement, in the elastic and plastic zone is proposed. The solution is derived on the basis of ideal elastoplastic mechanical model of spherical salt cavern with shear dilatation behavior, by adopting Hoek‐Brown (H‐B) criterion. The solution obtains not only in small and large strain stage but also in creep stage. The proposed solution is validated, by comparison of the obtained results with numerical results in FLAC3D. The results indicate that the result obtained adopting the H‐B criterion is closer to that one obtained adopting the Mohr‐Coulomb (M‐C). The H‐B criterion is more applicable for the salt cavern construction as it considers the structural characteristics of the rock salt formation. The displacement difference obtained by two different methods decreases with the increase of GSI or running pressure, but it increases with the enlarged angle of dilation. The influence of different assumptions of elastic strain of plastic zone on displacements is more significant under large strain conditions. The influence of the angle of dilation on displacements is more obvious when the elastic strain of plastic zone is given to stationary values, and the influence degree increases with the enlarged angle of dilation. Under the same conditions, the creep displacement decreases with the increase of GSI, and both the creep displacement and the effect degree enhance with the enlarged dilation angle. The proposed solutions can be used in the stability analysis of surrounding rock in the construction and operation of salt cavern storage.
The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Human Atherosclerosis, Plaque Neoangiogenesis, and Atherothrombosis
Authors: Moroni Francesco , Ammirati Enrico , Norata Giuseppe Danilo , Magnoni Marco , Camici Paolo G.
Published: April 2019

Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. It is a complex disease characterized by lipid accumulation within the arterial wall, inflammation, local neoangiogenesis, and apoptosis. Innate immune effectors, in particular monocytes and macrophages, play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis initiation and progression. Although most of available evidence on the role of monocytes and macrophages in atherosclerosis is derived from animal studies, a growing body of evidence elucidating the role of these mononuclear cell subtypes in human atherosclerosis is currently accumulating. A novel pathogenic role of monocytes and macrophages in terms of atherosclerosis initiation and progression, in particular concerning the role of these cell subsets in neovascularization, has been discovered. The aim of the present article is to review currently available evidence on the role of monocytes and macrophages in human atherosclerosis and in relation to plaque characteristics, such as plaque neoangiogenesis, and patients’ prognosis and their potential role as biomarkers.
Manipulation of Type I Interferon Signaling by HIV and AIDS-Associated Viruses
Authors: He Buyuan , Tran James T. , Sanchez David Jesse
Published: April 2019

Type I Interferons were first described for their profound antiviral abilities in cell culture and animal models, and later, they were translated into potent antiviral therapeutics. However, as additional studies into the function of Type I Interferons progressed, it was also seen that pathogenic viruses have coevolved to encode potent mechanisms allowing them to evade or suppress the impact of Type I Interferons on their replication. For chronic viral infections, such as HIV and many of the AIDS-associated viruses, including HTLV, HCV, KSHV, and EBV, the clinical efficacy of Type I Interferons is limited by these mechanisms. Here, we review some of the ways that HIV and AIDS-associated viruses thrive in Type I Interferon-rich environments via mechanisms that block the function of this important antiviral cytokine. Overall, a better understanding of these mechanisms creates avenues to better understand the innate immune response to these viruses as well as plan the development of antivirals that would allow the natural antiviral effect of Type I Interferons to manifest during these infections.
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of miR-200c in Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huang Zong-Sheng , Guo Xian-Wen , Zhang Guo , Liang Lie-Xin , Nong Bing
Published: April 2019

Background. The role of miR-200c in gastric cancer remains controversial. This study is aimed at clarifying the diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-200c in gastric cancer through a meta-analysis. Methods. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Ovid library databases was conducted. The studies included were those conducted before December 2017. The sensitivity and specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under curve (AUC) were used to estimate the diagnostic value of miR-200c. Meanwhile, the pooled hazard ratio (HR) was used to estimate the prognostic value of miR-200c. Results. For the diagnostic value of miR-200c, six studies that included 202 patients with gastric cancer and 250 normal controls were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC were 0.74, 0.66, 2.20, 0.40, 5.34, and 0.75, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in the type of the sample, method for testing miR-200c, and ethnicity among the patients. Meanwhile, for the prognostic value of miR-200c, seven studies comprising 935 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed. The pooled results showed that miR-200c expression was associated with overall survival (HR=2.19) and disease-free survival (HR=1.73), but not with progression-free survival (HR=1.64) in patients with gastric cancer. There was no publication bias across the studies. Conclusions. Both serum and tissue miR-200c have moderate diagnostic accuracy in gastric cancer. miR-200c could also be used as a valuable indicator for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
Jejunal Intussusception: A Rare Adult Presentation of Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Authors: Laham Linda , Bhattacharyya Ratul , Guerrero Manrique , Haghshenas Jafar , Ingram Mark
Published: April 2019

A 21-year-old African-American male presented to the emergency room with a sudden diffuse onset abdominal pain of one day duration. CT findings revealed mild telescoping of loops of small bowel and mesenteric fat in the left mid abdomen with no apparent masses. The patient underwent an exploratory laparoscopy revealing intussusception of the mid jejunum. As a fair amount of distention compromised safe navigation of the bowel, laparoscopic resection was not warranted at this time. Open approach allowed for segmental resection of the affected segment of the small bowel. This was followed by primary anastomosis. Pathological findings revealed focal reactive lymphoid hyperplasia with marked congestion in the lamina propria of the jejunum. The patient had an unremarkable postoperative period and recovered with no further complications.
Study on the Dynamic Biological Characteristics of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence
Authors: Chen Xiongbin , Wang Lu , Hou Jiyin , Li Jin , Chen Linbo , Xia Jieyu , Wang Ziling , Xiao Minghe , Wang Yaping
Published: April 2019

Objective. To preliminary explore the senescent dynamic changes of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) by human ageing and its possible mechanism. Methods. The bone marrows were harvested from healthy volunteers, and according to volunteers’ age, these were divided into group A (≤25 years), group B (26-45 years), group C (46-65 years), and group D (>65 years). Totally, the bone marrows were extracted from the posterior superior iliac spine from volunteers under aseptic conditions. Diluted with isovolumic PBS, followed by centrifugation at 1×105/cm2, cells were cultured in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C. After three passages, surface marker identification of hBMMSCs was tested by flow cytometry (FCM), oil red O staining was used to observe the ability of osteogenic differentiation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and the levels of osteocalcin (OST) in the supernatants were used to observe the ability of adipogenic differentiation, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining was used to detect the senescent BMSCs, the ability of BMSC proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), the distribution of the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was analyzed using enzymatic assay. Results. The BMSCs highly expressed CD73 and CD90, but lowly expressed CD34 and CD19/CD14. With age, osteogenic differentiation was markedly increased and audiogenic differentiation was significantly decreased. The number of SA-β-gal-positive cells was significantly increased, the proliferation ability of hBMMSCs declined, the BMSCs were held in the G1 phase, the MDA level of BMSCs was significantly increased, and total glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and SOD activity significantly declined. Conclusions. With age, the aging BMSCs were intensified; the mechanism may be related to oxidative damage mediated aging-related pathways.
Timing of Acupuncture during LTP-Like Plasticity Induced by Paired-Associative Stimulation
Authors: He Xiao-kuo , Sun Qian-qian , Liu Hui-hua , Guo Xin-yi , Chen Cheng , Chen Li-dian
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the time-dependent effects of acupuncture on the excitability and long-term potentiation- (LTP-) like plasticity induced by paired-associative stimulation (PAS) over the primary motor cortex (M1). The present examination is the first to report the influence of acupuncture on the motor-evoked potential (MEP) throughout the treatment process, including baseline (before acupuncture), the needle in situ, and the needle removal. Subsequently, the LTP-like plasticity induced by paired-associative stimulation (PAS) was explored, which consisted of 200 pairs of electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the first dorsal interosseous (FDI), followed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the bilateral M1. TMS-MEP amplitudes over the bilateral M1 in resting conditions were measured throughout the whole treatment process. Finally, we confirmed the behavioral measurements. Significant changes were found in both the contralateral and ipsilateral acupuncture sizes as compared to the baseline values. Our results indicated that acupuncture modulated the excitability of M1, and the synaptic plasticity was time-dependent. We concluded that acupuncture should be combined with rehabilitation techniques to improve the motor function in stroke patients. Therefore, we put forward the combined application of the acupuncture timing and rehabilitation for higher therapeutic effectiveness. This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration no. ChiCTR-IPR-1900020515).
CD177 Expression and Inflammation Grade in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Wild-Type and CD177-/- C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Yang Xing-Tang , Wang Zhi-Jun
Published: April 2019

This study was undertaken to further investigate the CD177 expression in Helicobacter pylori- (Hp-) infected wild-type and CD177-/- C57BL/6 mice, which may be helpful to elucidate the relationship between CD177 and Hp-related gastritis. 20 WT mice were randomly assigned into the Hpss1 WT group (n=10) and Hp49503 WT group (n=10); 20 KO mice were randomly assigned into the Hpss1 KO group (n=10) and Hp49503 KO group (n=10). The remaining mice served as controls. Mice in the HpSS1 groups and Hp49503 groups were independently infected with corresponding strains. Results showed that the Hp colonization score was related to the grade of mucosal inflammation (P<0.05). The inflammation grade was comparable between the HpSS1 group and Hp49503 group as well as between the WT group and KO group. In addition, the Hp colonization score was related to the CD177 expression score (P<0.05). The CD177 expression in the Hp colonization group was higher than that in the non-Hp colonization group (P<0.05). CD177 expression was positively related to the inflammation grade (P<0.01). In conclusion, CD177 expression was similar between HP49503- and HPss1-infected WT C57BL/6 mice, and CD177 expression was undetectable in CD177-/- mice. CD177 expression in the gastric mucosa increases with the elevation of inflammation grade. In Hp-infected mice, the inflammation grade had no relationship with the type of Hp strain and the CD177 expression, but the mucosal inflammation score in Hp-infected mice was higher than that in non-Hp infected mice.
Uncoupling Protein 2 Drives Myocardial Dysfunction in Murine Models of Septic Shock
Authors: Tang Rong , Qi Ping-ping , Liu Yan-song , Jia Liu , Liu Rui-jin , Wang Si-cong , Wang Chang-song , Gao Yang , Wang Hong-liang , Yu Kai-jiang
Published: April 2019

Cardiac dysfunction is a major component of sepsis-induced multiorgan failure in critical care units. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) involves immune response, regulation of oxidative stress, and maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as energy production. However, whether and how UCP2 plays roles in the development of septic cardiac dysfunction are largely unknown. Here, intraperitoneal injection of LPS significantly activated UCP2 expression accompanied by a significant decrease of cardiac function and caused a significantly lower survival rate in mice. Of note, knockdown of UCP2 through a cardiotropic adenoassociated viral vector carrying a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) specifically targeting the UCP2 evoked resistance to LPS-triggered septic cardiac dysfunction and lethality in vivo. Moreover, UCP2 deficiency ameliorated the reduced levels of intracellular ATP in the LPS-challenged heart tissues and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential loss in primary adult mouse cardiomyocytes in LPS-challenged animals. Mechanistically, we confirmed that the inhibition of UCP2 promoted autophagy in response to LPS, as shown by an increase in LC3II and a decrease in p62. At last, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA abolished UCP2 knockdown-afforded cardioprotective effects. Those results indicate that UCP2 drives septic cardiac dysfunction and that the targeted induction of UCP2-mediated autophagy may have important therapeutic potential.
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Restless Legs Syndrome: Case Series and Mechanistic Hypothesis
Authors: Adil Syed M. , Han Jing L. , Parente Beth A. , Hickey Patrick , Lad Shivanand P.
Published: April 2019

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a well-established therapy for chronic pain syndromes, with growing applicability to other conditions. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a widespread, chronic movement disorder managed primarily and incompletely by medication, and its etiology can be classified as idiopathic or secondary. Methods: Three patients underwent SCS implantation for chronic back and/or leg pain with concomitant targeting of RLS: (1) a 34-year-old man with sporadic RLS symptoms that strongly intensified after military-related spinal fractures, (2) a 54-year-old man with RLS likely secondary to meralgia paresthetica, and (3) a 42-year-old man with low back and right lower extremity pain after a military motor vehicle accident. Results: Continuing through 40-month, 2-month, and 28-month follow-ups, respectively, the patients experienced exemplary relief of their RLS symptoms. Notably in the case of patient 1, this benefit appears separate from his pain relief, as during the 5-month period directly after surgery but before adjusted targeting, he only experienced pain alleviation. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of using SCS as a potentially long-lasting, safe, and highly effective therapy for RLS of mixed etiology. Additionally, 2 patients with RLS possibly secondary to chronic pain also benefited from the therapy. This success may be due to increased inhibition from hypothalamic cells controlling dopaminergic input to the spine.
Ethical Issues in Perinatal Clinical Research
Authors: Walsh Verena , Oddie Sam , McGuire William
Published: April 2019

Background: Perinatal clinical research to improve the quality of care and outcomes for newborn infants relies on transparency, trust, and respect for the autonomy and well-being of study participants and their families. Methods: Here we consider the underpinning principles of ethical research with a focus on perinatal clinical research in the acute care or emergency setting where particular challenges to parental engagement and informed consent exist. Results: Several approaches to improving the validity of the consent process for perinatal research have been proposed and evaluated. These include consent waiver, antenatal consent, deferred consent preceded by verbal assent, and continuous consent. These have strengths and weaknesses and uncertainty remains about their validity and acceptability in certain research contexts. Prior exploration with parents and parent-advocacy groups of approaches to engagement and consent, and independent evaluation and ongoing monitoring of research studies, can enhance adherence to the ethical principles of justice and autonomy, and ensure that benefits to participants and their families exceed harm. Conclusions: High-quality research and ethics are interdependent. Only research that meets ethical standards can be regarded as valid and applicable, and only research designs that are methodologically rigorous and appropriate can be regarded as ethical.
A New-Designed Lung-Bending Device for Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction of Severe Emphysema: A Feasibility Study in Pigs
Authors: Hu Yan , Cheng Yuan , Zhang Hong , Li Anning , Li Siyi , Wang Guangfa
Published: April 2019

Background: Bronchoscopic therapies are less invasive alternatives of surgical lung volume reduction for severe emphysema. Bending of lung tissue by implanting metallic coils into bronchi is one of the procedures. A new-designed device with a similar rationale, Reverser, has been developed with some improvements. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the Reversers. Methods: Twelve healthy pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups (groups A, B, and C). The Reversers were implanted bronchoscopically into the selected airways using a proprietary delivery system. Physical examination, chest fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT) scans, and bronchoscopic observations were performed before implantation and during the follow-up period. Necropsy was performed respectively at 1 month (group A), 3 months (group B), and 6 months (group C) after implantation. Results: A total of 47 Reversers were implanted successfully. The procedure was feasible and well tolerated by all pigs. No severe complications, such as pneumothorax, abscesses, and airway hemorrhage, were found. No unintended injuries or death occurred. Mild granulation and inflammation were observed in the airway wall. Opacities around Reversers were shown on CT scans in some pigs. In the pigs with opacities, histological evaluation revealed widened alveolar septa due to inflammatory cell infiltration in the vicinity of the Reversers. On the analysis of CT data, there was a trend for volume reduction of the treated lung at 1 and 3 months after treatment compared with baseline. Conclusions: This study showed that Reversers were safe and feasible for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction in pigs.
Premacular Cell Proliferation Profiles in Tangential Traction Vitreo-Maculopathies Suggest a Key Role for Hyalocytes
Authors: Schumann Ricarda G. , Hagenau Felix , Guenther Stefanie R. , Wolf Armin , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Vogt Denise
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To compare immunocytochemical and ultrastructural features of premacular tissue surgically removed from eyes with tangential traction vitreo-maculopathies. Methods: By spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), premacular tissue was differentiated into premacular proliferation and premacular membrane (PMM). Specimens were harvested during vitrectomy from 10 eyes with macular pucker, lamellar macular hole (LMH) and full-thickness macular hole, and prepared for immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Results: All specimens showed positive autofluorescence consistent with the yellow colour of peeled tissue. Glial cells were predominantly positive in premacular proliferation. Hyalocytes were the main cell type in PMM. Electron microscopy revealed densely packed premacular glial cells neighbouring hyalocytes and vitreous collagen strands. Myofibroblasts with features indicative of contractile properties were found in PMM, exclusively. Cell composition of premacular proliferation was free of contractile elements. Conclusion: All three types of vitreo-maculopathy have similar cell constituents in their premacular tissue. Cell population of premacular proliferation is not unique for LMHs. Corresponding to SD-OCT, electron microscopy demonstrates hyalocytes and vitreous collagen in PMMs both directly adjacent to the cellular complex of premacular proliferation. Study results point to the vitreous as one important pathogenic player potentially driving the degenerative cellular process at the vitreoretinal interface in tangential traction vitreo-maculopathies.