bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pilóta nélküli légi járművek jövőbeli alkalmazási lehetőségeinek vizsgálata
Authors: Szalkai István , Ercsey Tamás Zsolt , Szép Károly
Published: May 2021

A szerzők kutatásukban a pilóta nélküli légi járművek közszolgálati, illetve közszolgáltatási területen történő  alkalmazhatóságát vizsgálják. Kitértek az eddigi alkalmazási területek vizsgálata mellett a jövőbeni alkalmazási területek trendeken nyugvó lehetőségeire is. Fő kérdésként arra keresték a választ, hogy melyek azok a kritikus  infrastruktúrák vagy egyéb kiemelt célterületek, amelyek a  pilóta nélküli légi járművekkel (UAV) üzemszerűen  felügyelhetők, a mindennapi üzemeltetést támogatni  tudják. A vizsgálat eredményeként célterületként azonosították a fotovoltaikus naperőműveket, az  energiatermelésben részt vevő létesítményeket, illetve a  hulladékgazdálkodási területet is. Előbbiek kiváló  tesztterületei lehetnek a pilóta nélküli légi járművek  üzemeltetésben és távfelügyeletben betöltött funkcióinak.
Gondolatok a légierő szervezeti és katonai vezetői kultúrájáról a Magyar Honvédségben
Authors: Szücs Péter
Published: May 2021

A légierő szervezeti kultúrája nagyon sokrétű, és emiatt egy  bonyolult rendszert alkot. A repülés kicsivel több mint 100 éves múltja tele van olyan állomással, amely azonnal  hatást fejtett ki rá. A légierő szervezeti kultúrája nagyon  erős, de ezzel együtt érzékenynek is kell lennie, hisz ezzel  képes haladni és felvenni a versenyt azzal a rohanó  technológiai fejlődéssel, ami a világban zajlik. A légierő komplexitása, speciális feladatrendszere, a vele szemben  támasztott magas követelmények gyors fejlődése, a szabályok kötöttsége mind hatással vannak a benne szolgálatot teljesítőkre, és nagy kihívást jelent a katonai  vezetőire. A szervezeti kultúrája olyan értékeket és  hagyományokat őriz magában, amelyeknek a továbbörökítése mindig is feladat kell hogy legyen  függetlenül attól, hogy hova is fejlődik. Ehhez a vezetőknek  úgy kell a vezetői kultúrájukat alakítani, hogy hosszú távon  fenntartható legyen ez az állapot, és a kitűzött cél elérése  mindenki számára ugyanolyan fontos legyen.
Aktuális nemzetközi koczkázatkezelések a veszélyesáru-szállítások során
Authors: Pántya Péter , Majlingová Andrea
Published: May 2021

A veszélyesáru-szállítás a kockázatos tevékenységekhez tartozik. Ezt a szállítmányozott anyag mellett az is indokolja, hogy nem lehetséges pontosan, előre meghatározni a  veszélyes anyag kiszabadulásának helyszínét. A veszélyes  áruk szállításával kapcsolatos kockázatok felmérésének és  kezelésének, a kárfelszámolási beavatkozásoknak kérdése a  tudomány és a kutatások aktuális témái közé tartozik  nemzetközi szinten is. Jelen cikk összesíti az aktuális  ismereteket a kérdéskörben, egy hasonló tanulmányon  alapulva, valamint javaslatokat fogalmaz meg arra, hogyan  fejleszthető a terület az ADR-járművek ellenőrzése és  felügyelete kapcsán, mik az elérhető kárfelszámolási  lehetőségek baleset esetén.
Developing and Examining the Psychometrics of Single-word Quick Repetition Test for Speech Sound Production in Persian-speaking Children
Authors:   Department of Speech Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Haresabadi Fatemeh , Ghasisin Leila ,   Department of Speech Therapy, Communication Disorders Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Schindler Antonio ,   Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ‘‘L. Sacco’’, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Heidarian Miri Hamid ,   Department of Epidemiology, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Dabirian Mohadese ,   Department of Speech Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Ghayoumi-Anaraki Zahra ,   Department of Speech Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The present study aimed to develop and validate a quick repetition test using familiar and culture-based words for assessing Persian-speaking children with Speech Sound Disorders (SSDs). Methods: The study sample was divided into two groups, including 419 participants without any clinical signs of speech impairment and 36 cases with SSD. The psychometric properties of the single word quick repetition test, including reliability (inter-rater and test-retest reliability) and validity (construct, discriminant, convergent, clinical and concurrent validity) were examined. Moreover, the descriptive data for children without SSD were reported. Results: The obtained test-retest and inter-rater reliability data were satisfactory with Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC): >0.7. There was a positive correlation between the results of the quick repetition test and phonetic test, indicating the scale’s acceptable convergence validity. Using inflated beta-binomial regression, statistically significant improvement in test score was found with age (discriminant validity). Comparing the correct responses of the control and case groups (clinical validity) revealed a significant difference in responses between the study groups. Results of Bland–Altman plot suggested an acceptable agreement between quick repetition test and phonetic test (construct validity). Discussion: The Persian quick repetition test is a valid and reliable instrument facilitating the screening of speech sound abilities in 3-8-year-olds. Moreover, this test’s conciseness makes it easily applicable in clinical practice and epidemiologic investigations. Establishing descriptive data from a large sample facilitated comparing children’s speech ability to the speech development standards.
The Grammatical Abilities in a Speech Sample of Persian-speaking Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors:   Department of Speech and Language Pathology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Samiee Safieh , Jalilevand Nahid ,   Department of Speech and Language Pathology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Kamali Mohammad ,   Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Modarresi Yahya ,   Department of Linguistics, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Studies reported that children with Cochlear Implant (Cl) presented difficulties in grammatical acquisition. The Persian language is inflectional. The present study aimed to compare word-level inflections in the language samples of CI recipients and healthy-hearing children. Methods: Thirty children were recruited in this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. The Language Sample Analysis (LSA) was used as a method of language production evaluation. Language samples were gathered using picture descriptions. A total of 3000 intelligible utterances were elicited and transcribed. An adaptation of the Language Assessment, Remediation, and Screening Procedure (LARSP) for Persian (P-LARSP), and the Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) techniques were used for the analyses of utterances. Results: The stages of language development of CI recipients were lower than those of the healthy children. The obtained results indicated a signiﬁcant difference between children with CI and healthy-hearing children in MLU (P=0.0001). Moreover, we found a signiﬁcant difference between the study groups in the mean frequency of word-level inflections (P=0.0001). Discussion: Children with CI use less word-level inflections, compared to their healthy-hearing counterparts.
The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Iranian Spinner Workers in the Textile Industry and its Association With Demographic and Lifestyle Characteristics
Authors:   Department of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shahbazi Akram , Mokhtarinia Hamid Reza ,   Department of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Biglarian Akbar ,   Access Physiotherapy, Coolum Beach, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia., Gabel Charles Philip ,   Access Physiotherapy, Coolum Beach, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the annual and weekly prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) and their relation to demographic characteristics, such as Body Mass Index (BMI), work experience, and physical activity in spinner workers in the textile industry. We also conducted a comparison between the annual and weekly prevalence of MSDs. Methods: The study sample included 700 male spinner workers (Mean±SD age: 32.6±6.5 years) from 10 companies in Najaf Abad City, Isfahan Province, Iran. Information about MSDs was collected through the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (ENMQ) from November 2018 to September 2019. Demographic characteristics were collected using a demographic checklist through a direct interview by one investigator. Results: The present study findings suggested that the Mean±SD duration of work hours per week was 56.6±8.4 hours. The Mean±SD times of experiencing an injury equaled 27.8±33.1 months. The annual prevalence of MSDs was reported to be 74.4% for at least one of the 9 body regions. The highest annual prevalence rates belonged to the knees (54.0%), lower back (34.3%), and shoulders (23.1%). In contrast, the most weekly prevalent regions were the knees (44.6%), lower back (26.9%), and ankles (15.9%). Generally, the weekly prevalence was significantly lower than that of the annual prevalence (P<0.008). Job experience, marital status, and physical exercise presented a significant relationship with the annual prevalence of MSDs in the neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists, hands, knees, and ankle/foot. Contrarily, there was a significant relationship between job experience and the weekly prevalence of MSDs in the shoulder, lower back, and knee regions. The prevalence of neck, shoulders, wrists/hands, low back, knee, and ankle/foot pain was significantly increased in married workers. Furthermore, exercise history could cause a significant decrease in the prevalence of MSDs. Discussion: The high prevalence of MSDs in spinner workers is affected by some demographic characteristics; thus, such data should be considered in planning the prevention strategies within the textile industry.
Застосування мікробних препаратів і регуляторів росту рослин для зниження накопичення важких металів у зерні пшениці озимої
Authors: Бондарева О.Б. , Вінюков О.О. , Коноваленко Л.І.
Published: May 2021

Мета. Провести аналіз впливу комплексного засто-сування інокуляції насіння пшениці озимої біопрепа-ратами з обробкою рослин стимуляторами на накопи-чення важких металів у зерні в умовах техногенногонавантаження. Методи. Польовий, лабораторний, роз-рахунковий і статистичний, аналізу і синтезу.Результати. Встановлено, що бактеризація насінняпшениці озимої й обприскування посівів регуляторамиросту рослин забезпечили підвищення продуктивностіпшениці озимої. Додатковий урожай відносно конт-ролю з бактеризацією насіння становив для діазофіту0,60 т/га (8,5%), поліміксобактерину – 0,79 т/га (11,1%).Найбільший додатковий урожай дало поєднання іноку-ляції насіння поліміксобактерином з обробкою вегету-ючих рослин гуміновою сумішшю айдар. Урожайністьу цьому варіанті становила 8,08 т/га, що достовірноперевищило контроль на 0,98 т/га (13,8%). Для оцінкиякості продукції було проведене аналітичне визначеннявмісту важких металів у зерні. Комплексне застосуваннямікробних препаратів і позакореневої обробки посівіврозчином біостимуляторів рослин айдар і вермістімсприяє зменшенню поглинання найбільш небезпечнихелементів свинцю і кадмію в зерні пшениці озимої (на31–43% та на 29–35% проти контрольного варіанту), щодає змогу одержувати зерно з показниками якості відпо-відно до санітарно-гігієнічних вимог. Поліміксобактеринза комплексного застосування зі стимуляторами айдарі вермістім виявляє протекторну дію до свинцю і кадмію,оскільки знижує вміст надходження цих елементів у рос-лини пшениці озимої. Максимальний позитивний ефектдало комплексне застосування поліміксобактеринуі біостимулятору айдар. У цьому варіанті накопичення свинцю в зерні пшениці озимої знизилося в 2,3 рази,кадмію – в 1,8 рази. Коефіцієнт біологічного поглинанняна контролі становив для свинцю – 0,18, з обробкою –0,08, для кадмію – 0,19 і 0,11 відповідно.Висновки. Застосування таких агрозаходів даєзмогу зменшити ризик забруднення зернової продукціїпід час вирощування пшениці озимої в умовах промис-лових регіонів із високим рівнем техногенного наванта-ження на агросферу.
船舶主要耗能分布与节能重点探究
Authors: 毛 帅
Published: May 2021

在社会经济飞速发展的背景下，世界能源消耗总量不断上涨，文中介绍了船舶的能源消耗分布情况与能源节约的重点方向，以期加快船舶行业的优化升级，减少对化石能源的消耗量，希望能够给读者带来启发。
冶金工程中机械设备的安装施工及维护
Authors: 冯 蕾 , 徐 东明
Published: May 2021

冶金工程中涉及大量的机械设备，所有设备都需要经过管理，此时才可以使得机械设备的安装质量提升，制定了所有的专项管理制度之后，保证机械设备的安装质量得到保障。基于对冶金工程中机械设备安装施工及维护工作现状的分析，文章探讨了当前的工作问题，同时分析了机械设备的安装施工和维护方法，以提高设备的运行稳定度。
公路工程项目施工全过程的成本控制
Authors: 李 小军
Published: May 2021

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，我国社会经济水平得到了显著的提升，从而为基础设施的建设工作的开展起到了一定的助动的作用，在这种发展形势下人们对公路工程项目提出了更高的要求。相信在未来的时间里，很多地区会加大公路工程建设工作的力度，并且会从不同的角度入手来扩展公路工程的规模，从而为社会的稳定快速发展打下坚实的基础。
建筑幕墙结构检测与评价方法
Authors: 胡 顺敏
Published: May 2021

在社会科学技术快速发展的推动下，我国建筑工程施工技术整体水平的到来显著的提升，从而使得大量新型建筑工程施工技术被人们研发出来，并且在实践运用中取得了良好的成绩。在当前建筑工程项目施工建造中，人们往往都是运用装饰功能良好的不承重的悬挂式幕墙来实现对建筑工程结构的保护，并且建筑幕墙也可以起到一定的环保作用。当下，我国建筑工程行业中，建筑幕墙结构被大范围的加以实践运用，但是经过对大量的数据进行分析我们发现，建筑幕墙脱落是引发人员伤亡以及企业经济损失的主要根源，建筑幕墙结构的安全性越发的收到了民众的关注，鉴于此，这篇文章主要围绕建筑幕墙结构检测和评价方法展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对我国建筑工程行业的未来良好发展有所帮助。
The trends for modern libraries and building the strategy of library and information education in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Satagalieva S. M.
Published: May 2021

The modern trends for the libraries to update library and information education in the Republic of Kazakhstan are examined. The state and the society offer challenges: meeting the expanding information demands in science, education, economics and industries; contributing to the information society. The human resources in the information industry makes the most important factor of increasing the efficiency of libraries. In 2018, the Congress of Kazakhstan librarians adopted the concept of human capital assets which required advanced training, expanding professional competencies and recruiting young professionals. Today, the university library departments focus on increasing scientific and creative potential of the faculty, engaging students in projects and creative activities; educating creative thinking and skills of applying innovative technologies in professional activities. The educational process and curricula are improved as a result of the feedback obtained from graduates and employers. Among the modernization trends in library education in the Republic of Kazakhstan are the country’s integration into the single information space and implementation of the main educational content within the context of trilingual educational policy.
1928’DEN GÜNÜMÜZE KADAR TDK YAZIM KILAVUZLARINDAKİ KELİME SAYILARI ÜZERİNE
Authors: KILIÇ Mine , SAĞOL YÜKSEKKAYA Gülden
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada, 1928 yılında yayımlanan İmlâ Lûgatinden başlamak üzere Türk Dil Kurumu tarafından yayımlanan on bir farklı kılavuzun dizinlerinin tamamı taranarak karşılaştırma tablosuna aktarılmış; dizinlerindeki toplam kelime sayıları incelenmiş, kelimelerin artış ve azalış nedenleri, harfler bazındaki kelime sayılarının bütün dizine oranı değerlendirilmiştir. Karşılaştırma neticesinde elde edilen veriler, kelime sayıları açısından değerlendirildiğinde genel olarak dizinlerdeki kelime sayılarında artış olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu artışın önemli bir kısmının dilin canlı yapısıyla bağlantılı olarak değişen ve gelişen dünyada ortaya çıkan ihtiyaçların bir sonucu olduğu görülmüştür. Artışın bir diğer nedeni ise kılavuza sonradan dâhil edilen kelimelerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca yıllar içinde dizinlere hangi kelimelerin gireceği ya da hangilerinin dizin dışında kalacağı konusunun da çok net kurallarla belirlenemediği görülmüştür. Bu konuda dilin doğal seyrinde kullanımdan düşen kelimeler görülmüş, diğer taraftan Kurumun yapısındaki değişikliklerin, dünya görüşlerinin ya da siyasi düşüncenin de kelime sayısını etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.
Existe associação entre o declínio cognitivo e a saúde oral?
Authors: Cardoso Renan Bordini , Faria Kethleen Wiechetek , Schmidt Kamila Aparecida , Campagnoli Eduardo Bauml , Claudino Marcela , Bortoluzzi Marcelo Carlos
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o declínio cognitivo e sua associação com a condição de saúde bucal por meio do número de dentes remanescentes (NDR) e da manutenção e reabilitação bucal relacionadas (MRO). Metodologia: Este estudo foi classificado em observacional, transversal e prospectivo. O exame bucal incluiu o NDR e MRO. O estado de saúde mental foi obtido por meio do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). Outros parâmetros incluíram a classificação da Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas (ASA) modificada para Odontologia, um eletrocardiograma de mão (ECG) e exames de sangue. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 63 pacientes. Foi encontrada correlação entre os escores do NDR e do MEEM (p = 0,01). Pacientes saudáveis (ASA I) apresentam mais dentes quando comparados aos não saudáveis (p = 0,004). Quanto melhor o MRO, melhores os escores do MEEM (p <0,001) e melhor o estado de saúde (p = 0,004). Conclusão: Os achados mostraram várias associações entre condição bucal, saúde sistêmica e declínio cognitivo. NDR diminuída e manutenção e / ou reabilitação oral comprometidas foram mais frequentemente observadas em pacientes classificados como sistemicamente não saudáveis e com escores MEEM reduzidos.
Estratégias gastronômicas para melhorar a aceitabilidade de dietas hospitalares: Uma breve revisão
Authors: Fischer Crislaine da Costa , Flor Karen de Oliveira , Zago Lilia , Miyahira Roberta Fontanive
Published: May 2021

O agravamento do estado nutricional durante a internação hospitalar, afeta negativamente o estado clínico do paciente, pois, podem ocorrer alterações fisiológicas oriundas de um processo adaptativo do organismo à escassez de nutrientes. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo teve por objetivo discutir estratégias de gastronomia hospitalar voltadas para a aceitação de dietas, com o intuito de auxiliar na prevenção da desnutrição hospitalar. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados National Center for Brotecnologia for Information (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), e em livros da temática, entre o recorte temporal de 1997 e 2021. Os estudos mostraram que a desnutrição hospitalar é uma condição multifatorial, com prevalência entre 20% a 50% dos pacientes internados, em âmbito mundial, que aumenta significativamente a morbidade, mortalidade, duração da estadia hospitalar e taxa de readmissão hospitalar. A redução da ingestão alimentar é uma das causas da desnutrição hospitalar, e pode estar associada a baixa aceitação de dietas. Dessa forma, a aplicação de técnicas de gastronomia hospitalar que possibilitem a melhoria das características sensoriais das preparações são ferramentas essenciais para aumentar a aceitação das preparações oferecidas aos pacientes, favorecendo a manutenção e/ou recuperação do estado nutricional, bem como a redução do desperdício de alimentos. Mais estudos sobre essa temática devem ser realizados para que sejam avaliadas e desenvolvidas novas estratégias voltadas para a gastronomia hospitalar aplicadas à dietoterapia.
Effect of acute and chronic simvastatin treatment on post-ischemic contractile dysfunction in isolated rat heart
Authors: Szárszoi O , Malý J , Ošťádal P , Netuka I , Bešík J , Kolář F , Ošťádal B
Published: May 2021

Statins are powerful lipid-lowering drugs, widely used in patients
with hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease. It was found,
however, that statins appear to have a pleiotropic effect beyond
their lipid-lowering ability. They exert anti-inflammatory,
antithrombotic and antioxidant effects, increase nitric oxide
production and improve endothelial dysfunction. The aim of our
study was to examine the effect of chronic and acute treatment
with simvastatin on the contractile function of the isolated
perfused rat heart after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Contractile
function was measured on isolated rat hearts, perfused according
to Langendorff under constant pressure. The hearts were
subjected to 20 min of global ischemia, followed by 40 min of
reperfusion. To investigate the acute effect, simvastatin at a
concentration of 10 µmol/l was added to the perfusion solution
during reperfusion. In chronic experiments the rats were fed
simvastatin at a concentration of 10 mg/kg for two weeks before
the measurement of the contractile function. Acute simvastatin
administration significantly increased reparation of the peak of
pressure development [(+dP/dt)max] (52.9±8.2 %) after global
ischemia, as compared with the control group (28.8±5.2 %).
Similar differences were also observed in the time course of the
recovery of [(+dP/dt)max]. Chronic simvastatin was without any
protective effect. Our results reveal that the acute administration
of simvastatin during reperfusion, unlike the chronic treatment,
significantly reduced contractile dysfunction induced by
ischemia/reperfusion injury. This supports the idea of possible
cardioprotective effect of statin administration in the first-line
therapy of the acute coronary syndrome.
Our Pluriverse andGàidhealtachd: Emplacing Ethical Relations
Authors: Oliver James
Published: May 2021

In this brief essay, to conclude the special issue, I take a reflexive and ontological (re)turn to the Gàidhealtachd. After completing our main task of bringing this collection together, an emplaced and ontological turn has been in some measure evident across the articles, emphasising relationships with place/s. In writing up our guest editors' introduction, a related emergent theme, or atmosphere, of place and ontological relations within the Gàidhealtachd became important. In continuing with that (perhaps minor) ‘turn’, in this essay I engage with my lived experiences of cultural change and exchange, including with my research, emplaced within and beyond the Gàidhealtachd. This (ex)change has profoundly influenced my creative practice, social practice and research relationships with the Gàidhealtachd – reemphasising an ontological (re)turn to place, and its ethical relations and futures.
Primary Students’ Argumentation on Factors Affecting Dissolving
Authors:   Department of Primary Education, School of Education, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece, Angeloudi Anastasia , Papageorgiou George ,   Department of Primary Education, School of Education, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece, Markos Angelos ,   Department of Primary Education, School of Education, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Published: May 2021

The study explored the possibilities to improve students’ argumentation ability concerning factors that affect dissolving, through the implementation of two versions of a teaching scheme, with and without particle theory. The participants (age range 10–11, n = 27) belonged to two fifth-grade classes of a primary school in Northern Greece. Data were collected through an open-ended written test and a semi-structured interview targeting four of the components of an argument: Claims, data, warrants, and rebuttals, for five factors affecting the dissolving of a solid substance in water: Temperature, stirring, amount of the substance, grain size, and nature of the substance itself. Results showed an improvement concerning the structure of students’ arguments, whereas improvements in content quality appeared mainly in some cases where particle theory was implemented. Study limitations and implications for science education are discussed.
Dealing with Metric Unit Conversion: An Examination of Prospective Science Teachers’ Knowledge of and Difficulties with Conversion
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey, Dincer Emrah Oguzhan , Osmanoglu Aslihan ,   Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to examine prospective science teachers’ knowledge of and difficulties with the metric unit conversion. The participants of the study were 73 prospective science teachers. In this qualitative study, a measurement test with 14 questions was administered to the participants to examine their knowledge of and difficulties with unit conversion. The questions of the test were related to metric measurement units for length, area, volume, and mass, as well as to the knowledge of the approximate size of a body and some uses of metric units. For the first 11 questions, participants’ answers were evaluated as right or wrong. To examine the reasons lying behind their difficulties, their explanations on the past three open-ended questions were analyzed. The findings indicated that prospective teachers’ performance on unit conversion was not satisfying in general, and their major difficulties were mainly related to the conversion from gram into microgram, mg into g, ml into cm3, dm3 into mm3, gigameter into nanometer, mm2 into m2, and determining the relationship between centigram and dekagram. The implications for the field are discussed in light of the related literature.
Is Chemistry as hard for women as for men? A case study in Biological Pharmaceutical Chemistry Bachelor at Autonomous Metropolitan University Campus Xochimilco in Mexico, City.
Authors:   Department of Biological Systems, Autonomous Metropolitan University - Xochimilco (UAMX), Mexico City, Mexico, Rojas-Oviedo Irma , Meléndez-Ocampo Arcelia ,   Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Health, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico, Herrera-García Nancy ,   Official Preparatory School Module, San José, Mexico
Published: May 2021

Few would deny that teachers play a decisive role in the learning-teaching process of students. The learning-teaching process with a gender equity perspective is an important tool to improve the participation and success of women in chemistry. The learning-teaching process with a gender equity perspective was analyzed using the final scores of two taught modules along with molecular models, students’ drawing of flow diagrams, and open-book examinations. Data collected over a 15 years’ period were subject to χ2 testing using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Software. Results found that the interaction effect between final scores and gender was statistically significant in the module of organic chemistry of drugs but not in the case of the module on drug production, which dealt with physical chemistry subjects. The significance of this study indicates that the teaching methodology used could help female students to learn both chemistry and physical-chemistry with better or similar outcomes than male students.
How Does Washback of Different Formats of Assessment Work Within Classroom in Physical Sciences- A Holistic Study
Authors:   Institute of Education and Research, University of Punjab, Pakistan, Qureshi Saadia Y.
Published: May 2021

Washback has been defined as an effect of assessment on teaching and learning which may be negative or positive. This study investigated the washback effect of multiple choice question (MCQ) format of assessment on learning of concepts in physical sciences (chemistry) as compared to constructed response tests (CRTs). This study collected perceptions of students through open-ended questionnaires about these two different formats of assessment in the subject of chemistry at the postgraduate level. Perceptions were validated through diagnostic analysis of midterm assessment consisting of CRT and MCQ format revealing their comparative washback. Post-test data were used to compare the performance of students for two sets of comparable chapters. This study revealed that students chose MCQ format to avoid narration and organization of responses, ultimately avoiding creativity, which lead to the proposal of a washback model. This study refutes the perception that MCQ format results in higher marking, is quicker, and is a more objective way of assessment. MCQs produced an equal level of comprehension of concepts as that produced by CRTs as washback applying paired sample t-test. MCQs did elicit higher order thinking but should be used along with other formats to design a comprehensive assessment.
Analyzing the Effect of Concept Cartoon Usage on Students’ Cognitive Structures Developments and Science Achievements through Flow Maps
Authors:   Department of Science Education , Kartal Science and Art Center, Ministry of National Education, Istanbul, Turkey, Ceylan Özge , Yiğit Elif Atabek ,   Department of Science Education, Education Faculty, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
Published: May 2021

In this study, the use of concept cartoons in a particle structure of matter unit was investigated using the flow map of 7th-grade students’ academic achievement. The development of their cognitive structures and thoughts about concept cartoons was analyzed. 27 experimental and 27 control group students who were studying in the 7th grade participated in this research. The model of the study was “pre-test post-test control group model” from the experimental research models. Achievement test and concept cartoons developed by the researcher were used as data collection tools. As a result of this research, it was found that there was a difference between the post-test average scores in favor of the experiment group. The cognitive structures of the students were analyzed by the flow map technique, and there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test mean scores of the control group in the obtained data, but there was no significant difference in the correctness parameter. In the experimental group, there was a significant difference in the mean scores of size, integratedness, correctness, and richness parameters. When the opinions of the students on the use of concept cartoon were examined, it was revealed that the cartoons were thoughtful, funny, deficient in information, and different from each other. When the literature was examined, no research investigated the effect of concept cartoons on the academic achievement and cognitive structures of students and tried to reveal the cognitive structures of learners in a concrete way using flow map, which makes this study important.
The Effects of Science Teaching based on Critical Pedagogy Principles on the Classroom Climate
Authors:   Science Teacher, Ministry of Education, Erzurum, Turkey, Aksakalli Ayhan
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study used the qualitative method of a case study with the purpose of investigating the effects of science teaching based on critical pedagogy principles on the classroom climate. Method: The samples of the study consisted of 20 eighth-grade students enrolled in a middle school located in the Yakutiye district of the province of Erzurum, Turkey. This school was chosen with the non-random sampling method of convenience sampling. The science and technology course was provided to the students during 1 year of the study (32 weeks). This course was based on critical pedagogy principles. The study used observations to collect data. Findings: As a result, it was found that science education based on critical pedagogy principles affected the classroom climate positively and the classroom climate showed improvements in the positive direction through time. Recommendations are provided as a result of this study.
16 factores de personalidad en estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de psicología en una Universidad del occidente de México: relación con el sexo y cohorte generacional
Authors: Guzmán-González Jesua Iván , Madera-Carrillo Humberto , Sánchez-García Franco Giordano , Ornelas-Orozco Socorro Leticia
Published: May 2021

La personalidad ha sido objeto de estudio y el abordaje más socorrito a través del uso de pruebas psicológicas debido a sus importantes aportaciones a la comprensión de las diferencias individuales, factores tales como las formas de afrontamiento, el rendimiento académico, la actitud cognitiva y el desempeño profesional son integrantes de la personalidad y al mismo tiempo son elementos que la reflejan. En estudios previos, se ha reportado la presencia de factores psicológicos característicos en alumnos de psicología, mismos que tienen un valor predictivo en su comportamiento. Objetivo: Describir los factores de personalidad asociados a los estudiantes en la carrera de psicología. Método: Participaron en el estudio un total de 141 estudiantes (88 mujeres) de los 8 semestres de la carrera de psicología en una universidad pública del occidente de México. Se utilizó la prueba de 16 factores de personalidad (16FP) y se compararon los perfiles promedio resultantes contra los valores poblacionales de referencia, por género, demás, entre los primeros semestres y los últimos. Resultados: Se identificó la presencia de factores de personalidad distintivos de los alumnos de psicología, además, pudieron observarse diferencias significativas por sexo y cohorte generacional. Conclusiones: La presencia de factores de la personalidad relacionados a las normas sociales y la inestabilidad afectiva son comunes en estudiantes de psicología.
Diseño y validación de una escala de actitudes hacia personas con orientación homosexual: estudio con estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Castro Reyes Santiago , López Sierra Tania , Riveros Munévar Fernando
Published: May 2021

OBJETIVO: Diseñar y validar una prueba psicométrica para la medición de actitudes de jóvenes universitarios colombianos hacia la homosexualidad. MÉTODO: Se llevó a cabo una revisión teórica para conformar los componentes de la escala, se elaboró la tabla de especificaciones y luego la construcción de los reactivos. Posteriormente. se realizó un proceso de validación de contenido por jueces expertos, se hicieron los ajustes correspondientes y se realizó la aplicación inicial con 200 participantes, obteniendo los análisis factoriales exploratorios y los análisis de confiabilidad, y luego la segunda aplicación a 179 estudiantes para obtener el análisis factorial confirmatorio. RESULTADOS: se obtuvo una escala con 18 ítems agrupados en cuatro factores que explican el 56,2% de la varianza total acumulada, con un modelo factorial que presenta adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste, un alfa de Cronbach de 0,926.  DISCUSIÓN: se obtuvo una escala válida, confiable y consistente para evaluar las actitudes de estudiantes universitarios hacia la homosexualidad.
Rumiación cognitiva y psicopatologías externalizantes: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Toro Tobar Ronald Alberto , Gonzalez-Gutierrez Edilberto , Navarro-Ocampo Aimel , Vanessa Ortiz Heidy
Published: May 2021

Las psicopatologías internalizantes y externalizantes se asocian con la rumiación cognitiva según el modelo transdiagnóstico, sin embargo, en este segundo grupo de problemáticas esta asociación aún requiere de avances investigativos en el campo. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en evidenciar de manera sistemática y estructurada, la investigación reciente sobre la relación que hay entre la psicopatología externalizante y la rumiación cognitiva. Se realizó una revisión sistemática a partir de las pautas del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Se tomaron estudios publicados que aparecen en bases de datos que cumplieran con los criterios de elegibilidad propuestos para el estudio, además, se empleó sistema de calificación por jueces como control de sesgo. En la selección final se obtuvieron 17 artículos investigativos depurados de 7314 inicialmente seleccionados. Los resultados evidenciaron que las conductas desadaptadas, agresivas, el tono de voz elevado, la ingesta desproporcionada de alcohol, la agitación psicomotora y la desobediencia, están asociados a la rumiación cognitiva, lo que evidencia a su vez, una elevada correlación con la ira, como factor antecesor de la conducta externalizante. Por otra parte, se encontró que los factores como la angustia, el estrés, la irritabilidad, el miedo y las experiencias laborales negativas, desencadenan una elevación en la rumiación cognitiva, y conllevan a desajustes comportamentales dada la ausencia de recursos en las estrategias de afrontamiento y el autocontrol, particularmente, ante la provocación y la respuesta emocional de la ira.
Palabras Clave: Revisión sistemática, rumiación, externalizante, psicopatología, agresión.
Aproximaciones a estudios sobre la Burla desde la Perspectiva del Desarrollo
Authors: Reyes Rojas Monica , Sanchez Rios Hernan , Mathias Simão Lívia
Published: May 2021

El propósito de este artículo es presentar un balance bibliográfico de estudios que abordan la emergencia de la burla en niños preescolares y escolares a partir de un inventario de artículos de investigación y artículos teóricos que analizan esta problemática. Fichas de reseñas empíricas y de reseñas teóricas son la unidad de trabajo que permite identificar las plataformas conceptuales, metodológicas e instrumentales que subyacen a cada trabajo. La discusión presenta las perspectivas de los estudios a partir de las modalidades de análisis: centradas en el sujeto, investigaciones que describen el desempeño de los niños y las niñas a partir de sus habilidades cognitivas y sociales para comprender la burla. Relacionales, estudios que revelan el vínculo burlón-burlado a partir de la interpretación de las intenciones humorísticas. Socioculturales, trabajos que se centran en el reconocimiento de agentes y contenidos humorísticos de comunidades específicas. Finalmente, el artículo propone una reflexión acerca de las acciones humorísticas que abren el entramado de significados de la experiencia inquietante del encuentro con el otro en la relación dialógica burlón-burlado en el ciclo cultura-individuo-cultura.
Phubbing, comunicación y calidad en la relación de pareja
Authors: Nina-Estrella Ruth , Montero-López Lena María , Manríquez Betanzos Juan Carlos
Published: May 2021

El uso del teléfono celular puede desarrollar la conducta conocida como phubbing. Un fenómeno de la era digital que se define como el acto de ignorar a una persona por brindar atención al celular. El phubbing puede causar malestar en la relación de pareja que provoca conflictos y contribuye a la insatisfacción relacional. No obstante, es un tema escasamente estudiado en la cultura latinoamericana. Por lo que, el presente estudio tuvo el propósito de analizar la relación entre la conducta de phubbing, la comunicación tecnológica y la calidad de la relación en la cultura puertorriqueña. La muestra se compuso de 215 participantes en algún tipo de relación de pareja (noviazgo, matrimonio o en convivencia) con promedio de edad de 33 años. Se aplicaron tres escalas para medir las variables propuestas: comunicación tecnológica, phubbing y calidad diádica.  Los datos fueron sometidos a diversos análisis estadísticos: análisis factorial confirmatorio, modelo estructural y análisis post-hoc. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el phubbing está presente en la pareja puertorriqueña. Los hallazgos muestran que el phubbing está relacionado positivamente con la comunicación tecnológica, mientras tiene un efecto negativo en la calidad de la relación de pareja. En contraste, la comunicación tecnológica no evidenció un efecto en la calidad de la relación. Los resultados indicaron la existencia de diferencias generacionales. Se concluye que la comunicación mediada por un celular cumple un rol significativo en el contexto de la pareja puertorriqueña que amerita continuar su estudio en futuras investigaciones.
DNA Methylation Variation Is Identified in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Non-syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Young Juan I. , Slifer Susan , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Blanton Susan H.
Published: May 2021

Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) is the most common craniofacial birth defect. The etiology of NSCLP is complex with multiple genes and environmental factors playing causal roles. Although studies have identified numerous genetic markers associated with NSCLP, the role of epigenetic variation remains relatively unexplored. Because of their identical DNA sequences, monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for NSCLP are an ideal model for examining the potential contribution of DNA methylation to non-syndromic orofacial clefting. In this study, we compared the patterns of whole genome DNA methylation in six MZ twin pairs discordant for NSCLP. Differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) were identified in NSCLP candidate genes, including differential methylation in MAFB and ZEB2 in two independent MZ twin pairs. In addition to DNA methylation differences in NSCLP candidate genes, we found common differential methylation in genes belonging to the Hippo signaling pathway, implicating this mechanosensory pathway in the etiology of NSCLP. The results of this novel approach using MZ twins discordant for NSCLP suggests that differential methylation is one mechanism contributing to NSCLP, meriting future studies on the role of DNA methylation in familial and sporadic NSCLP.
Ubiquitination Regulators Discovered by Virtual Screening for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Song Ying-Qi , Wu Chun , Wu Ke-Jia , Han Quan-Bin , Miao Xiang-Min , Ma Dik-Lung , Leung Chung-Hang
Published: May 2021

The ubiquitin-proteasome system oversees cellular protein degradation in order to regulate various critical processes, such as cell cycle control and DNA repair. Ubiquitination can serve as a marker for mutation, chemical damage, transcriptional or translational errors, and heat-induced denaturation. However, aberrant ubiquitination and degradation of tumor suppressor proteins may result in the growth and metastasis of cancer. Hence, targeting the ubiquitination cascade reaction has become a potential strategy for treating malignant diseases. Meanwhile, computer-aided methods have become widely accepted as fast and efficient techniques for early stage drug discovery. This review summarizes ubiquitination regulators that have been discovered via virtual screening and their applications for cancer treatment.
Prognostic Implication of Liver Function Tests in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Without Chronic Hepatic Diseases: Insight From TOPCAT Trial
Authors: Liang Weihao , He Xin , Wu Dexi , Xue Ruicong , Dong Bin , Owusu-Agyeman Marvin , Zhao Jingjing , Cai Linnuan , You Zhiyao , Dong Yugang , Liu Chen
Published: May 2021

Background: Liver dysfunction is prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF), but the prognostic significance of liver function tests (LFTs) remains controversial. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) had been introduced for some time, but no previous study had focused on LFTs in HFpEF. Thus, we aim to evaluate the prognostic significance of LFTs in well-defined HFpEF patients.

Methods and Results: We conveyed a post-hoc analysis of the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial (TOPCAT). The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular mortality, HF hospitalization, and aborted cardiac arrest, and the secondary outcomes were cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalization. In Cox proportional hazards models, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were not associated with any of the outcomes. On the contrary, increases in total bilirubin (TBIL) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were associated with increased risks of the primary outcome [TBIL: adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.26; ALP: adjusted HR, 1.12; 95% CI 1.04–1.21], cardiovascular mortality (TBIL: adjusted HR, 1.16; 95% CI 1.02–1.31; ALP: adjusted HR, 1.16; 95% CI 1.05–1.28), and HF hospitalization (TBIL: adjusted HR, 1.22; 95% CI 1.12–1.33; ALP: adjusted HR, 1.12; 95% CI 1.03–1.23).

Conclusion: Elevated serum cholestasis markers TBIL and ALP were significantly associated with a poor outcome in HFpEF patients without chronic hepatic diseases, while elevated ALT and AST were not.
The Role of Osteoclast Energy Metabolism in the Occurrence and Development of Osteoporosis
Authors: Da Wacili , Tao Lin , Zhu Yue
Published: May 2021

In recent decades, the mechanism underlying bone metabolic disorders based on energy metabolism has been heavily researched. Bone resorption by osteoclasts plays an important role in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. However, the mechanism underlying the osteoclast energy metabolism disorder that interferes with bone homeostasis has not been determined. Bone resorption by osteoclasts is a process that consumes large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. In addition to glucose, fatty acids and amino acids can also be used as substrates to produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we summarize and analyze the energy-based phenotypic changes, epigenetic regulation, and coupling with systemic energy metabolism of osteoclasts during the development and progression of osteoporosis. At the same time, we propose a hypothesis, the compensatory recovery mechanism (involving the balance between osteoclast survival and functional activation), which may provide a new approach for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Immunologic Rejection of Transplanted Retinal Pigmented Epithelium: Mechanisms and Strategies for Prevention
Authors: Petrash Carson C. , Palestine Alan G. , Canto-Soler M. Valeria
Published: May 2021

Replacement of dysfunctional retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) with grafts derived from stem cells has the potential to improve vision for patients with retinal disorders. In fact, the potential is such that a great number of groups are attempting to realize this therapy through individual strategies with a variety of stem cell products, hosts, immunomodulatory regimen, and techniques to assess the success of their design. Comparing the findings of different investigators is complicated by a number of factors. The immune response varies greatly between xenogeneic and allogeneic transplantation. A unique immunologic environment is created in the subretinal space, the target of RPE grafts. Both functional assessment and imaging techniques used to evaluate transplants are susceptible to erroneous conclusions. Lastly, the pharmacologic regimens used in RPE transplant trials are as numerous and variable as the trials themselves, making it difficult to determine useful results. This review will discuss the causes of these complicating factors, digest the strategies and results from clinical and preclinical studies, and suggest places for improvement in the design of future transplants and investigations.
Decidual Natural Killer Cells: A Good Nanny at the Maternal-Fetal Interface During Early Pregnancy
Authors: Liu Yuefang , Gao Shujun , Zhao Yangjing , Wang Hui , Pan Qiong , Shao Qixiang
Published: May 2021

Decidual natural killer (dNK) cells are the tissue-resident and major subpopulation of NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface. It has been demonstrated that dNK cells play pivotal roles in pregnancy, including keeping maternal-fetal immune tolerance, promoting extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell invasion, and driving uterine spiral artery remodeling. However, the molecular mechanisms haven’t been elucidated until recent years. In this review, we systemically introduce the generation, subsets, and surface or soluble molecules of dNK cells, which are critical for maintaining the functions of dNK cells. Further, new functions of dNK cells including well-controlled cytotoxicity, immunosurveillance and immunotrophism supporting via the cell-cell interaction between dNK cells and EVT cells are mainly focused. The molecular mechanisms involved in these functions are also illustrated. Moreover, pregnancy-associated diseases caused by the dNK cells abnormalities are discussed. It will be important for future investigations about the mechanism of maintenance of pregnancy and parturition and potential clinical applications of dNK cells.