bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulated turbulent convection: a benchmark model for large scale natural flows driven by diurnal heating
Authors: Urban Pavel , Králík Tomáš , Musilová Věra , Skrbek Ladislav
Published: July 2024

Our life is strongly affected by turbulent convective flows, driven by time-dependent thermal forcing, especially diurnal heating of the Earth’s surface by the Sun. In a laboratory experiment, we investigate their analogues: We study complex and extraordinary properties of turbulent buoyancy driven flows generated due to periodic modulation of the temperature of the plates of a Rayleigh–Bénard cell, with amplitudes both smaller and larger than either the positive or negative mean temperature difference between the top and bottom. We probe the turbulent flow of our working fluid – cryogenic helium gas – using temperature sensors placed in the cell interior and embedded in its plates. We discuss spatial and temporal structure of the heat flow, generalize validity of Nusselt versus Rayleigh number scaling Nu $$\propto$$
∝
Ra$$^\gamma$$

γ

with $$\gamma \approx {1/3}$$

γ
≈

1
/
3

at very high Ra for modulated convection and argue that this system represents a benchmark model which helps us understand the energy budget of ocean currents or weather formation on Earth subject to diurnal Sun heating as well as similar natural flows on Earth-like planets.
Wild rodents seed choice is relevant for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Peng Yang , Hu Zhenbang , Dong Wen , Wu Xiaodong , Liu Chunyan , Zhu Rongsheng , Wang Jinhui , Yang Mingliang , Qi Zhaoming , Zhao Ying , Zou Jianan , Wu Xiaoxia , Bi Yingdong , Hu Limin , Ratet Pascal , Chen Qingshan , Xin Dawei
Published: July 2024

Mitigating pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and post-harvest food loss (PHFL) is essential for enhancing food securrity. To reduce food loss, the use of plant derived specialized metabolites can represent a good approach to develop a more eco-friendly agriculture. Here, we have discovered that soybean seeds hidden underground during winter by Tscherskia triton and Apodemus agrarius during winter possess a higher concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared to those remaining exposed in fields. This selection by rodents suggests that among the identified volatiles, 3-FurAldehyde (Fur) and (E)-2-Heptenal (eHep) effectively inhibit the growth of plant pathogens such as Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani and Pseudomonas syringae. Additionally, compounds such as Camphene (Cam), 3-FurAldehyde, and (E)-2-Heptenal, suppress the germination of seeds in crops including soybean, rice, maize, and wheat. Importantly, some of these VOCs also prevent rice seeds from pre-harvest sprouting. Consequently, our findings offer straightforward and practical approaches to seed protection and the reduction of PHS and PHFL, indicating potential new pathways for breeding, and reducing both PHS and pesticide usage in agriculture.
Development of implantable electrode based on bioresorbable Mg alloy for tissue welding application
Authors: Mao Lin , Han Zhengyi , Xing Xupo , Hu Zhongxin , She Langlang , Song Chengli
Published: July 2024

An implantable electrode based on bioresorbable Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy was developed for next-generation radiofrequency (RF) tissue welding application, aiming to reduce thermal damage and enhance anastomotic strength. The Mg alloy electrode was designed with different structural features of cylindrical surface (CS) and continuous long ring (LR) in the welding area, and the electrothermal simulations were studied by finite element analysis (FEA). Meanwhile, the temperature variation during tissue welding was monitored and the anastomotic strength of welded tissue was assessed by measuring the avulsion force and burst pressure. FEA results showed that the mean temperature in the welding area and the proportion of necrotic tissue were significantly reduced when applying an alternating current of 110 V for 10 s to the LR electrode. In the experiment of tissue welding ex vivo, the maximum and mean temperatures of tissues welded by the LR electrode were also significantly reduced and the anastomotic strength of welded tissue could be obviously improved. Overall, an ideal welding temperature and anastomotic strength which meet the clinical requirement can be obtained after applying the LR electrode, suggesting that Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy with optimal structure design shows great potential to develop implantable electrode for next-generation RF tissue welding application.
Highly purified hypochlorous acid water facilitates glucose metabolism and memory formation in type 2 diabetic mice associated with altered-gut microbiota
Authors: Watanabe Kazuki , Maruyama Yusuke , Mikami Risako , Komatsu Keiji , Kikuchi Kenji , Hotta Kunimoto , Yoshikawa Toshikazu , Ogasawara Kouetsu , Hattori Atsuhiko , Arakawa Shinichi
Published: July 2024

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an endogenous oxidant and chlorinating agent in mammals that is effective against a broad range of microorganisms. However, the effects of exogenous HOCl on biological processes have not been reported. In this study, the effects of highly purified slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water (HP-HAW) were investigated. After the safety of oral administration of HP-HAW was confirmed, the effects of HP-HAW on glucose homeostasis were assessed in mice. HP-HAW treatment significantly improved blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic condition. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing, HP-HAW treatment significantly increased the diversity and changed the composition of gut microbiota by decreasing the abundance of genus Romboutsia in mice fed normal chow. In obese mice, HP-HAW administration tended to improve glucose tolerance. HP-HAW also attenuated memory impairments and changes N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mRNA expression in obese mice. HP-HAW treatment suppressed Il-6 mRNA expression in the hippocampus in type 2 diabetic mice. Overall, these results support HP-HAW as a potential therapeutic agent to improve or prevent glucose tolerance and memory decline via gut microbiota alteration.
Two-dimensional high-throughput on-cell screening of immunoglobulins against broad antigen repertoires
Authors: Lomakin Yakov A. , Ovchinnikova Leyla A. , Terekhov Stanislav S. , Dzhelad Samir S. , Yaroshevich Igor , Mamedov Ilgar , Smirnova Anastasia , Grigoreva Tatiana , Eliseev Igor E. , Filimonova Ioanna N. , Mokrushina Yuliana A. , Abrikosova Victoria , Rubtsova Maria P. , Kostin Nikita N. , Simonova Maria A. , Bobik Tatiana V. , Aleshenko Natalia L. , Alekhin Alexander I. , Boitsov Vitali M. , Zhang Hongkai , Smirnov Ivan V. , Rubtsov Yuri P. , Gabibov Alexander G.
Published: July 2024

Identifying high-affinity antibodies in human serum is challenging due to extremely low number of circulating B cells specific to the desired antigens. Delays caused by a lack of information on the immunogenic proteins of viral origin hamper the development of therapeutic antibodies. We propose an efficient approach allowing for enrichment of high-affinity antibodies against pathogen proteins with simultaneous epitope mapping, even in the absence of structural information about the pathogenic immunogens. To screen therapeutic antibodies from blood of recovered donors, only pathogen transcriptome is required to design an antigen polypeptide library, representing pathogen proteins, exposed on the bacteriophage surface. We developed a two-dimensional screening approach enriching lentiviral immunoglobulin libraries from the convalescent or vaccinated donors against bacteriophage library expressing the overlapping set of polypeptides covering the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. This platform is suitable for pathogen-specific immunoglobulin enrichment and allows high-throughput selection of therapeutic human antibodies.
LRIG1 controls proliferation of adult neural stem cells by facilitating TGFβ and BMP signalling pathways
Authors: Ouzikov Stephanie , Edwards Kyshona M. , Anandampillai Tanvi , Watanabe Samuel , Lozano Casasbuenas Daniela , Siu Karen K. , Harkins Danyon , Dou Aaron , Jeong Danielle , Lee Jeffrey E. , Yuzwa Scott A.
Published: July 2024

Adult Neural Stem Cells (aNSCs) in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) are largely quiescent. Here, we characterize the mechanism underlying the functional role of a cell-signalling inhibitory protein, LRIG1, in the control of aNSCs proliferation. Using Lrig1 knockout models, we show that Lrig1 ablation results in increased aNSCs proliferation with no change in neuronal progeny and that this hyperproliferation likely does not result solely from activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Loss of LRIG1, however, also leads to impaired activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signalling. Biochemically, we show that LRIG1 binds TGFβ/BMP receptors and the TGFβ1 ligand. Finally, we show that the consequences of these interactions are to facilitate SMAD phosphorylation. Collectively, these data suggest that unlike in embryonic NSCs where EGFR may be the primary mechanism of action, in aNSCs, LRIG1 and TGFβ pathways function together to fulfill their inhibitory roles.
Heritability of functional gradients in the human subcortico-cortical connectivity
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Zhang Yu , Xue Mufan , Li Jinlong , Li Xuesong , Cui Zaixu , Gao Jia-Hong , Yang Guoyuan
Published: July 2024

The human subcortex plays a pivotal role in cognition and is widely implicated in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders. However, the heritability of functional gradients based on subcortico-cortical functional connectivity remains elusive. Here, leveraging twin functional MRI (fMRI) data from both the Human Connectome Project (n = 1023) and the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n = 936) datasets, we construct large-scale subcortical functional gradients and delineate an increased principal functional gradient pattern from unimodal sensory/motor networks to transmodal association networks. We observed that this principal functional gradient is heritable, and the strength of heritability exhibits a heterogeneous pattern along a hierarchical unimodal-transmodal axis in subcortex for both young adults and children. Furthermore, employing a machine learning framework, we show that this heterogeneous pattern of the principal functional gradient in subcortex can accurately discern the relationship between monozygotic twin pairs and dizygotic twin pairs with an accuracy of 76.2% (P < 0.001). The heritability of functional gradients is associated with the anatomical myelin proxied by MRI-derived T1-weighted/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) ratio mapping in subcortex. This study provides new insights into the biological basis of subcortical functional hierarchy by revealing the structural and genetic properties of the subcortical functional gradients.
Inferring entropy production from time-dependent moments
Authors: Singh Prashant , Proesmans Karel
Published: July 2024

Measuring entropy production of a system directly from the experimental data is highly desirable since it gives a quantifiable measure of the time-irreversibility for non-equilibrium systems and can be used as a cost function to optimize the performance of the system. Although numerous methods are available to infer the entropy production of stationary systems, there are only a limited number of methods that have been proposed for time-dependent systems and, to the best of our knowledge, none of these methods have been applied to experimental systems. Herein, we develop a general non-invasive methodology to infer a lower bound on the mean total entropy production for arbitrary time-dependent continuous-state Markov systems in terms of the moments of the underlying state variables. The method gives quite accurate estimates for the entropy production, both for theoretical toy models and for experimental bit erasure, even with a very limited amount of experimental data.
Decay-protected superconducting qubit with fast control enabled by integrated on-chip filters
Authors: Sah Aashish , Kundu Suman , Suominen Heikki , Chen Qiming , Möttönen Mikko
Published: July 2024

Achieving fast gates and long coherence times for superconducting qubits presents challenges, typically requiring either a stronger coupling of the drive line or an excessively strong microwave signal to the qubit. To address this, we introduce on-chip filters of the qubit drive exhibiting a stopband at the qubit frequency, thus enabling long coherence times and strong coupling at the subharmonic frequency, facilitating fast single-qubit gates, and reduced thermal load. The filters exhibit an extrinsic relaxation time of a few seconds while enabling sub-10-ns gates with subharmonic control. Here we show up to 200-fold improvement in the measured relaxation time at the stopband. Furthermore, we implement subharmonic driving of Rabi oscillations with a π pulse duration of 12 ns. Our demonstration of on-chip filters and efficient subharmonic driving in a two-dimensional quantum processor paves the way for a scalable qubit architecture with reduced thermal load and noise from the control line.
Modelling volumetric growth of emerging urban areas around new transit stations
Authors: Karmarkar Omkar Deepak , Jana Arnab , Velaga Nagendra Rao
Published: July 2024

Cities in developing countries are fast transforming from area-based expansion, representing spatial growth, to volumetric expansion, representing a higher skyline. Existing urban growth prediction models predict only spatial or two-dimensional growth. This paper demonstrates a volumetric urban growth model, incorporating the vertical expansion of urban areas. Two separate models were calibrated for spatial and built-up height growth, using historical growth patterns of transit-triggered new town development in India. The models were applied to upcoming transit station areas in India to predict the volumetric urban expansion for the next twenty years.
Structure and electrical properties of Cu, Bi and Mn co-doped K0.5Na0.5NbO3 single crystals grown by the seed-free solid state crystal growth method
Authors: Xu Yuan , Jiang Minhong , Liu Xinkang , Zeng Yujiao , Cao Shixuan , Ouyang Yujiao , Song Jianwei , Rao Guanghui
Published: July 2024

Multi-element doped K0.5Na0.5NbO3 single crystals with excellent electrical properties grown by a seed-free solid-state crystal growth (SFSSCG) method.
Modulating the electronic structure of ion phthalocyanine-based molecular catalysts for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction: a DFT study
Authors: Wu Ze-Yuan , Fu Jiaju , Hu Jin-Song
Published: July 2024

A series of binuclear iron phthalocyanine-based molecules were designed to regulate the Fe electronic structure for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction theoretically.
A new highly stable multifunctional two-dimensional Si2BN monolayer quantum material with a direct bandgap predicted by density functional theory
Authors: Djamel Bezzerga , Chelil Naouel , Mohammed Sahnoun , Gusarov Sergey , Chang Gap Soo , Naseri Mosayeb
Published: July 2024

A new, highly stable two-dimensional quantum material, termed 2D δ-Si2BN monolayer, is predicted using density functional theory. This semiconductor material features a moderate bandgap and shows great promise for use in solar cell applications.
Optimization of peptide foldamer-based artificial retro-aldolase
Authors: Ożga Katarzyna , Rudzińska-Szostak Ewa , Berlicki Łukasz
Published: July 2024

Due to their predictable and controllable three-dimensional structure, peptide foldamers constitute a class of compounds beneficial for developing functional molecules.
Association between dietary vitamin C intake/blood level and risk of digestive system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Zhong Jiamin , Li Peiwei , Zheng Fang , Li Yating , Lu Wei , Chen Hanwen , Cai Jianting , Xia Dajing , Wu Yihua
Published: July 2024

This study finds that vitamin C intake could significantly reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal cancers, especially OPE, gastric, and colon cancers, suggesting that the impact of vitamin C may be more crucial than previously predicted.
A practical and economic route for regioselective cyclization of β-phenoxyl ynones to flavonoid derivatives
Authors: Zhang Gang-Qiong , Yang Fang , Chen Wen-Shuai , Zhao Xiaoyu , Wang Ting , Chen Zi-Sheng , Ji Kegong
Published: July 2024

A green, efficient and highly regioselective synthesis of flavonoids and their derivatives from β-phenoxyl ynones using wet 1,3-propanediol as reaction medium was developed, without any metal catalysts, bases, acids or additives.
Circular RNA oligonucleotides: enzymatic synthesis and scaffolding for nanoconstruction
Authors: Li Shijie , Chu Yanxin , Guo Xin , Mao Chengde , Xiao Shou-Jun
Published: July 2024

Circular RNAs (∼16−44 nt) were enzymatically synthesized efficiently via a novel DNA dumbbell splinting strategy, further, the circular 44 nt RNA was used as scaffold strands to construct hybrid and pure RNA double crossover tiles and nanostructures.
MoS2@CoFe-MOF catalysts achieved by one-pot hydrothermal synthesis enhanced electronic interactions between MoS2 nanoflowers and a bimetallic MOF for efficient oxygen evolution
Authors: Li Jiahui , Wang Yufen , Yu Qinyuan , Wei Xuedong
Published: July 2024

A kind of MoS2@CoFe-MOF electrocatalyst was prepared on carbon cloth by a one-pot hydrothermal method.
Correction: Sein–EY marvels: effortless elegance in crafting flexible film photocatalysts for formic acid production from CO2 and cyclization of thioamides in the air’s embrace
Authors: Shahin Rehana , Yadav Rajesh K. , Verma Rajesh K. , Singh Chandani , Singh Satyam , Singhal Rajat , Gupta Navneet K. , OoK Baeg Jin , El-Hiti Gamal A. , Yadav Krishna Kumar
Published: July 2024

Correction for ‘Sein–EY marvels: effortless elegance in crafting flexible film photocatalysts for formic acid production from CO2 and cyclization of thioamides in the air’s embrace’ by Rehana Shahin et al., New J. Chem., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nj00531g.
Diastereoselective cyclopropanation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with vinyl sulfoxonium ylides
Authors: Deshwal Shalu , Gopalakrishnan Dinesh Kumar , Purohit Alok , Karmakar Tarak , Vaitla Janakiram
Published: July 2024

Vinyl cyclopropane scaffolds were synthesized via a proline-catalysed multicomponent reaction involving vinyl sulfoxonium ylides, aldehydes, and indane 1,3-dione.
Ligand-assisted manganese-enabled direct C–H difluoromethylation of arenes
Authors: Zhou Kehan , Xia Shuang , Xiao Yuheng , Huang Zhibin , Zhang Jingyu , Zhao Yingsheng
Published: July 2024

The incorporation of a difluoromethyl group within an aromatic ring is highly desirable.
Ortho-quinone methide driven synthesis of kynurenic acid lactams
Authors: Sárik Julián Robin , Hetényi Anasztázia , Berkecz Róbert , Szatmári István , Lőrinczi Bálint
Published: July 2024

Lactam formation of different KYNA amides and Mannich bases mediated byortho-quinone methide has been investigated.
Exploring the antitumor potential of novel quinoline derivatives via tubulin polymerization inhibition in breast cancer; design, synthesis and molecular docking
Authors: Abdelmegeed Heba , Abdel Ghany Lina M. A. , Youssef Amira , El-Etrawy Abd-Allah S. , Ryad Noha
Published: July 2024

A series of quinoline derivatives was designed and synthesized as novel tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site.
Extended shortwave infrared absorbing antiaromatic fluorenium-indolizine chromophores
Authors: Meador William E. , Saucier Matthew A. , Tucker Max R. , Kruse Nicholas A. , Mobley Alexander J. , Brower Connor R. , Parkin Sean R. , Clark Kensha M. , Hammer Nathan I. , Tschumper Gregory S. , Delcamp Jared H.
Published: July 2024

Shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000–1700 nm) and extended SWIR (ESWIR, 1700–2700 nm) absorbing materials are valuable for applications including fluorescence based biological imaging, photodetectors, and light emitting diodes.
Effects of charge asymmetry on the liquid–liquid phase separation of polyampholytes and their condensate properties
Authors: An Yaxin , Gao Tong , Wang Tianyi , Zhang Donghui , Bharti Bhuvnesh
Published: July 2024

The role of charge-asymmetric polyampholytes is unveiled in the liquid–liquid phase separation of their mixtures with charge-symmetric polyampholytes.
A highly fluorescent and readily accessible all-organic photosensitizer model for advancing image-guided cancer PDT
Authors: Garcia-Sampedro Andres , Prieto-Castañeda Alejandro , Agarrabeitia Antonia R. , Bañuelos Jorge , García-Moreno Inmaculada , Villanueva Angeles , de la Moya Santiago , Ortiz María J. , Acedo Pilar
Published: July 2024

A simple model for advancing the rapid construction of heavy-atom-free image-guided PDT agents for cancer treatment has been developed on the basis of using mitochondria targeting and BODIPY chemistry.
Effect of chlorination and position isomerization of benzotriazole-based acceptors on high-voltage organic solar cells based on dithienobenzodithiophene (DTBDT)-containing polymer donor
Authors: Zhu Jinge , Du Mengzhen , Tang Ailing , Meng Yuhan , Li Chao , Guo Qing , Zhou Erjun
Published: July 2024

Dithienobenzodithiophene-containing polymer (PE56), paired with two benzotriazole-based wide-bandgap acceptors designed by chlorine position isomerization, achieves excellent power conversion efficiencies of over 11% with a high VOC of around 1.20 V.
Transducer Variability in Speech-in-Noise Testing: Considerations Related to Stimulus Bandwidth
Authors: Brungart Douglas S. , Davidson Alyssa J.
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Clinical audiologists typically assume that headphones and insert phones will produce comparable results when they are used to conduct speech-in-noise or other audiological tests; however, this may not always be the case. Here, we show that there are significant differences in the scores that previous studies have reported for headphone and insert-phone transducers on the Words-in-Noise (WIN) Test, and discuss the possibility that the variations in high-frequency output that are allowable under the speech source specifications of American National Standards Institute S3.6 might be contributing to transducer-dependent differences in performance for the WIN and other tests that are presented through the auxiliary input channels of clinical audiometers.

Method:

A literature review was conducted to identify articles that reported WIN Test results for both listeners with normal hearing and with hearing impairment and specified the type of transducer (insert or TDH-50) used for the data collection.

Results:

Among the 19 included studies, participants with normal hearing using inserts exhibited systematically worse WIN Test scores compared to those using TDH-50 headphones, while participants with hearing loss showed comparable average scores across transducer types.

Conclusions:

The results highlight the importance of considering transducer type when interpreting WIN Test outcomes, particularly when comparing to normative scores obtained from individuals with normal hearing. Although further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving differences in test performance across transducer types, these findings underscore the need for standardized test administration protocols and careful documentation of transducer type when administering speech-in-noise tests for clinical or research applications.
Clinical and biochemical status of calves with dyspepsia when using the probiotic “MAXLAC/DW” (Uzbekistan)
Authors: Fayzieva Sitora , Norboev Kurbon , Ruzikulov Nuriddin , Rakhmonov Umid , Tursunaliev Bobur , Tokoev Kamil
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes data on treating calf dyspepsia based on an etiopathogenetic principle aimed at normalizing digestion and metabolism. Calves in the first experimental group were treated with a 6-hour fasting diet, followed by hourly administration of warm rehydration solution (300 ml/10 kg) for six hours. After fasting, calves were fed 350 ml of colostrum and 350 ml of warm saline solution four times a day for the first two days, preceded by 40 ml of artificial gastric juice 15 minutes before colostrum feeding. From the second day, the probiotic Vetom 1.2 (Bacillus subtilis VKPM I-10641) was administered orally at 50 mg/kg four times a day for four days.The second experimental group also underwent a 6-hour fasting diet with hourly administration of warm rehydration solution (300 ml). For the first two days, calves were fed 350 ml of colostrum + 350 ml of warm saline solution four times a day, with 40 ml of gastric juice given 15 minutes before colostrum feeding. On the first and third treatment days, 3 ml of water-soluble trivitamin was added to colostrum. From the second day, the probiotic MAXLAC/DW, containing Enterococcus faecium (DSM 7134), was administered orally at 1g three times a day with colostrum for four days. Intramuscular injections of citrated maternal blood irradiated with ultraviolet rays (0.5 ml/kg) were given every 48 hours, three times in total. The control group received a fasting diet and hourly administration of 500 ml of warm saline solution. Intramuscular injections of the antibiotic Macrolan 200 (1 ml/10 kg) were given once a day for five days. The study revealed that the most positive results were observed in calves from the second experimental group. Thus, a comprehensive method for treating calf dyspepsia has been developed improving digestion, metabolic processes normalizing intestinal microbiota, contributing to the treatment of dysbiosis, reducing metabolic acidosis, intoxication as well as weel dehydration.
An overview of reducing rice yield loss to improve national food security
Authors: Ashari  , Ariningsih Ening , Saptana  , Saliem Handewi P. , Laksono Pandu
Published: July 2024

Concerning national food security, rice has a significant role as a staple food, although it is not the only source of carbohydrates. The government made various efforts to meet the sufficiency of rice. So far, the fulfilment of rice still relies on increasing production and productivity. Another potential way to raise the availability of rice is by reducing the losses along the supply chain. This paper examines the rice yield loss related to supply chain activities, magnitudes, and factors affecting yield loss. The study uses the literature review method. The study results show that rice yield loss can occur in almost all supply chain activities, such as harvesting, threshing, drying, storage, milling, and distribution. The amount of yield loss varies considerably among supply chain activities and across the rice centre region. Modern agricultural tools and machinery, especially combine harvesters, can reduce yield losses. Factors affecting yield loss include land area, harvest time, varieties, tools and techniques of harvesting, threshing equipment, and season. The study results recommend that success in reducing yield loss could be achieved by using more modern agricultural tools and machinery and implementing good handling practices (GHP), supported by good agriculture practices (GAP) and good distribution processing (GDP).
Climate change adaptation in red rice farming of Segreng and Inpari 24 varieties in Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Lestari , Putri Suryani E. , Rozaki Zuhud , Triyono
Published: July 2024

Climate change presents ongoing challenges for red rice farmers in Gunungkidul District. To overcome this challenge, climate-resistant red rice varieties, Segreng and Inpari 24, have been introduced to support local agriculture. This study investigates the adaptation strategies used by farmers to cultivate these varieties and examines the factors influencing their adaptation efforts. The research focused on Panggang Sub-district (Segreng variety) and Semin Sub-district (Inpari 24 variety), with a sample of 250 red rice farmers, consisting of 150 Inpari 24 farmers and 100 Segreng farmers. The analysis used was descriptive methods, scores, and Spearman rank correlation. The research results show a high level of adaptation to climate change in the Segreng rice farm and a medium level in the Inpari 24 rice farm. The main influencing factors are the farmer’s age, land area, access to weather forecast information, and proximity to local markets. Access to weather forecast information particularly impacts Inpari 24 rice farming. Recommendations to the government include increasing accessibility to weather forecasts for local farmers and providing education, strategies, and resources for climate-smart agricultural practices. This includes efficient water management, soil conservation techniques, and drought-resistant seeds, ultimately increasing farmers’ resilience to climate change.
Geometry and tectonic history of the Northeastern Cévennes Fault System (Southeast Basin, France) : new insights from deep seismic reflection profiles
Authors: Thomasset Camille , Ritz Jean-François , Pouliquen Sylvain , Manchuel Kevin , Le-Roux-Mallouf Romain
Published: July 2024

Following the Mw4.9 Le Teil surface rupture earthquake that occurred on the north-eastern Cévennes fault system (NCFS) in France, several investigations were carried out to understand the origin of the earthquake rupture. A few studies performed local modeling of the NCFS structures in three dimensions integrating the rheology of the sedimentary layers within the hypocenter zone. However, the geometry of the NCFS at the scale of the Southeast French Basin is poorly constrained and it remains difficult to locate its trace beneath the Quaternary sediments of the Rhône river valley. To address this issue, Électricité de France (EDF) carried out a deep reflection seismic survey along the NCFS. This new set of seismic profiles was interpreted using a geological data base including surface data, well data, and previous seismic data that were reprocessed. The resulting 3D structural model allows us to reconstruct a polyphase geological history during the past 320 Ma, which we divide into three major tectonic phases. We show that all structures in the basin in the study area were initiated as normal faults during the Lower Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous. During the Upper Cretaceous, these structures were reactivated, acting as a major transfer fault zone during the Pyrenean shortening phase, then as normal faults during the Oligocene extension. The morphology and faults at the top-Carboniferous basin initiated during the Lower Jurassic strongly shaped the final structure of the NCFS during the subsequent tectonic phases. Our new results allow updating the historical geology of the Vivaro-Cévenol region and our knowledge about the structures that have affected the Southeast Basin since the Mesozoic. In the context of the Le Teil earthquake, our new structural model provides important constraints for continuing paleoseismological works that will better assess the seismic hazard in this region.
Techniques for increasing potato productivity
Authors: Zinkovskaya Tatiana , Fomicheva Natalia , Rabinovich Galina
Published: July 2024

This study, conducted at the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands, aimed to investigate the effects of integrated techniques on potato yield and soil microflora. For three years, potatoes were grown in vessels equipped with a water-regulating device, with varying treatments including organic fertilizer, humic preparation, and artificial irrigation. The results show that all techniques, either individually or in combination, significantly increased the number of soil microflora by 15-40% and potato yield by 42-63%. Organic fertilizer provided sustained nutrient supply, while the humic preparation had a stimulating and protective effect on tubers and soil microflora. Additional watering created optimal moisture conditions, enhancing the fertilizer's effect and contributing to the formation of a reserve of productive moisture. These findings highlight the importance of integrated approaches in improving potato production and soil health.
Improving haylage harvesting at enterprises
Authors: Chaplygina Marina , Dolgopolova Natalya , Malysheva Ekaterina , Polskaya Galina
Published: July 2024

Haylage harvesting in agricultural enterprises is crucial for ensuring high animal productivity, as high-quality forage is essential for optimal animal performance. However, weather conditions, particularly rainy summers, often hinder the harvesting process, leading to poor-quality haylage. The lack of proper isolation from air access during harvesting allows mold, putrefactive processes, and butyric acid bacteria to develop, resulting in a loss of useful properties and reduced animal performance. Modern technologies offer solutions to overcome these challenges. Haylage, which is chemically closest to green grass, has the highest energy and protein value among various forage types. Achieving good feed quality requires proper drying, silage, and haylage preparation, as well as conditions that prevent microflora reproduction. This study highlights the importance of efficient haylage harvesting and the benefits of adopting modern technologies to ensure high-quality forage production.
Heat treatment of crushed oil seeds sunflower before pressing
Authors: Gafurov Karim , Safarova Dilshoda , Akabirova Lola , Sharipov Nodirjon , Kuldosheva Firuza , Yamaletdinova Munira
Published: July 2024

The work investigates the process of preliminary heat treatment of oilcake of sunflower variety Dushko in the field of infrared irradiation before pressing. Based on the planning of experiments, a pattern of changes in the value of the output parameter - the residual oil content of the crushed oil seeds sunflower - was obtained from factors influencing the process: radiant flux density and duration of irradiation in intermittent mode. Using Response Surface Methodology, the optimal values of the influencing factors were determined: radiant flux density 7.2 kW/m2and irradiation duration 160 s, at which the residual oil content of sunflower oilcake will be within 9.5-10% after the first pressing.
Study of the influence of wheat germ flour and egg albumin on bread quality indicators
Authors: Boev Sergey , Trubnikov Vladimir
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the potential of incorporating plant and animal raw materials, specifically wheat germ flour and egg albumin, into the production of enriched bread. To evaluate the impact of these additives on the quality of the resulting bread, various concentrations of wheat germ flour and egg albumin were introduced into the rye-wheat mixture during the kneading process. The results indicate that the addition of these components significantly affects the porosity of the bread samples. One sample exhibited an increase in porosity, while two others showed a decrease compared to the control sample. However, the porosity values for the control sample and one of the test samples aligned with standard values. Furthermore, the study reveals that increasing the amounts of wheat germ flour and egg albumin in the recipes leads to a decrease in alkalinity and moisture content. Based on the overall results, one sample was found to be the most successful according to physico-chemical indicators, while another sample was deemed the best according to organoleptic assessments.
Testing of heat-treated surfaced samples and machine parts for hardness and wear resistance
Authors: Tilabov Bakhodir , Jumaev Akbarjon , Sherbutaev Jamshid , Normurodov Ulugbek , Salimov Giyosiddin
Published: July 2024

In this article, the chemical and mechanical properties of some parts of machine mechanisms made of steel 35 are studied, as well as their resistance to abrasive wear. In addition, casting samples with corrosionresistant surface coating obtained by casting are considered. The samples of steel material obtained as result of experimental studies and their resistance to corrosion in terms of hardness are presented using tables. The finished parts were tested for abrasive wear resistance in the field. Optimal modes of heat treatment with double phase recrystallization for parts of tillage machines have been applied. It is proved that the optimal heat treatment with double phase recrystallization increases the hardness and wear resistance of cast samples and finished parts by 2-3 times.
Computer vision methods and algorithms for automatic detection and classification of objects in decision support systems in agriculture
Authors: Yablokova Alena , Kovalev Igor , Kovalev Dmitry , Podoplelova Valeria , Kobilova Aziza
Published: July 2024

The paper examines aspects of developing and formalizing the task of applying computer vision methods and algorithms using OpenCV (implemented in Python version 3.13 notation) for automatic detection and classification of objects in decision support systems. A software implementation of a modular example is provided, enabling automatic detection and classification for the detection of plant diseases based on their external characteristics in decision support systems in agriculture. This approach will facilitate prompt response to plant diseases and the implementation of necessary measures for their treatment.
Application of geographic information systems in monitoring the fertility of agricultural lands
Authors: Khizhnyak Roman , Kostin Ilya , Malysheva Elena
Published: July 2024

This article presents the structure and functionality of GIS Agroecologist Online, a geographic information system designed for environmental monitoring of soils. The system was developed to store and automatically process environmental monitoring data. New algorithms were implemented, including calculating soil cultivation indices, constructing agro-ecological group cartograms, and calculating statistical characteristics for soil survey data. Additional modules were added for preparing technical specifications for design and estimate documentation, calculating fertilizer doses, and providing soil protection recommendations. The system was used in the Belgorod region, resulting in the development of 111 sets of design and estimate documentation, the liming of 123,000 hectares of acidic soils, and the calculation and optimization of 50.79 million tons of organic fertilizers. The system also supported the development of adaptive landscape systems on 685,000 hectares, leading to significant improvements in the main agroecological characteristics of arable soils in the region.
Contact friction in roller mechanisms
Authors: Khurramov Shavkat , Hurramov Shukhrat , Sultonov Akmal
Published: July 2024

An analytical dependence was obtained that describes the patterns of friction stress distribution in the contact zone of roller mechanisms. The patterns of distribution of friction stresses from external forces acting on the roll supports, geometric and kinematic parameters of the roller mechanism, and strain properties of the processed material and elastic coatings of the rollers were determined. Mathematical models of friction stress of roller mechanisms were developed, considering the kinematics of the contact zone, the kinematic connection between the working rolls, and the compliance of the material being processed. It was established that the ratio of friction stress to normal stress at the points of the contact zone of the roller mechanism is not constant, but changes at each point of the contact zone.
Metrological reliability of primary transducers taking into account element stability and accuracy
Authors: Raxmonov Anvar , Masharipov Shodlik , Rakhmatullaev Sarvar , Miraliyeva Aziza
Published: July 2024

Probabilistic characteristics of reliability of transient states of semiconductor converter when working together with integrated circuits are considered. The probability of effective transition of the integrated circuit, functioning with semiconductor converter, from the state of logical zero to the state of logical one is established and the corresponding probabilistic equations at sufficient signal and pause duration are obtained. During the period of operation of information and measurement devices and systems, failures occur, which can be sudden and gradual. Sudden failures are categorised as random events. The physical nature of sudden failures is due to the concentration of loads causing corresponding internal damage in the form of winding breakage or short circuit, parts breakage and others. Failure of any element and information device, in particular, measuring transducer of physical quantities, can be determined by the action of the following factors: structural imperfections of the initial materials of the product due to the presence of impurities, dislocations and concentration gradients; external influences - thermal mechanical and electrical loads.
Conception et développement d’un processeur à jeu d’instruction réduit RV32I
Authors: Jovanovic S. , Berviller Y. , Weber S.
Published: July 2024

Nous présentons un ensemble de travaux pratiques qui seront dispensés au sein du Master EEA - Électronique Embarquée à l’Université de Lorraine et Télécom Nancy - parcours Logiciel Embarqué, dans le cadre des modules Conception VLSI (Master EEA) et Conception et Développement d’un Système sur Puce (Télécom Nancy). Ces travaux pratiques portent sur la modélisation de systèmes et circuits en VHDL, et se focalisent en particulier sur le développement incrémental d’une architecture de processeur à jeu d’instructions réduit de type RISC-V (le jeu d’instructions RV32I) en utilisant des suites logicielles de Mentor Graphics (Modelsim pour la modélisation et simulation VHDL), et de Intel-Altera (Quartus Prime) pour la validation expérimentale.
Une première approche des micro et nanotechnologies pour les jeunes collégiens et lycéens
Authors: Respaud M. , Tan R.P. , Lincelles J-B. , Harmel J. , Rouabhi C. , Capello C. , Schauber J. , Gessinn F.
Published: July 2024

Dans le monde où la technologie est de plus en plus invasive, offrant un complexe mélange d’apports positifs et négatifs dans nos vies personnelles et professionnelles, l’acquisition d’une culture scientifique et technologique est devenue une obligation pour tout citoyen désireux d’être en capacité d’avoir une réflexion éclairée et étayée face aux grandes questions et aux choix techniques à opérer. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une première approche des micro et nanotechnologies adaptée au grand public, plus particulièrement aux jeunes collégiens et lycéens, dans un programme mobilisant leurs connaissances dans l’ensemble des champs disciplinaires. Pour donner une approche plus concrète, une visite de salle blanche et deux expériences sont proposées, illustrant les technologies de micro-fabrication sur substrat Si et les principes de la métrologie et des capteurs.
Conception de cellules nano-CMOS – Perspectives à dix ans
Authors: Sicard E. , Ben Dhia S. , Trojman L.
Published: July 2024

La conception de cellules logique et analogique servant de base à la création de circuits intégrés a évolué graduellement au fil des progrès technologiques. Nous proposons dans cet article une synthèse de cette évolution avec une prospective à 10 ans. L’évolution de nos travaux pratiques vers la conception 3nm Nano-Sheet est aussi décrite, basé sur un retour d’expérience de deux promotions. Nous esquissons l’évolution des besoins en enseignement et recherche pour la prochaine décennie, et notre stratégie de mise à disposition de logiciel de conception nano-CMOS implémentant les évolutions majeures associées à chaque génération technologique.
Plateforme nationale de formation à la mesure de compatibilité électromagnétique
Authors: Uhring W. , Jamet E. , Geoffroy Alexandre , Gross N. , Bainier J.
Published: July 2024

Une nouvelle plateforme de mesure et de caractérisation de la compatibilité électromagnétique est mutualisée avec l’entreprise Alcatel Lucent Enterprise et le laboratoire ICube de Strasbourg. L’équipement est ouvert aux activités de recherche, de prestation de service et à l’enseignement pour tous acteurs du territoire national.
Kindergarten Readiness Assessment Scores in Children who Received Early Life Mechanical Ventilation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Shein Steven L. , D'Alessio Alena , Baker Lena , Fischer Meredith , Fischer Robert , Wilson-Costello Deanne , Maddux Aline B , Garcia-Cobian Richter Francisca
Published: July 2024

The impact of prolonged sedative medication usage on cognitive outcomes of young pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients has been incompletely assessed. We aim to assess the feasibility of linking an electronic medical record (EMR) system and a regional database to evaluate performance on standardized testing among PICU survivors. This is a single-center data-linkage study between EMR records and the Child and Household Integrated Longitudinal Data (CHILD) system, which links individual-level data across 35 administrative systems including Kindergarten Readiness Assessment (KRA) scores. The study was performed at a tertiary PICU in Cleveland, Ohio, United States with children born in 2011 or 2012 who received invasive mechanical ventilation and sedation before the age of 3 years in our PICU. We evaluated rate of “on-track” KRA scores, chronic absenteeism, and repeat kindergarten in the study population compared with a propensity score matched cohort from CHILD. Of 182 eligible PICU patients, 98 (54%) had a record identified in CHILD, and 32 had KRA scores available and sufficient data for propensity score matching. Compared with 160 matched controls, PICU patients had a lower rate of “on-track” scores (7/32 [22%] vs 102/160 [64%], p < 0.001) and more chronic absenteeism (14/32 [44%] vs. 34/160 [22%], p = 0.007). There was no difference in rates of repeat kindergarten (8/32 [25%] vs. 36/160 [23%], p  =  ;−0.759). We determined that linking hospital EMR records to regional databases is a feasible method to explore PICU outcomes. Additional studies are needed to confirm our preliminary finding of poor performance compared with matched controls.