bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging Innovations in Aquaculture: Navigating towards Sustainable Solutions
Authors: Lal Jham , Vaishnav Anand , Verma Durgesh Kumar , Jana Aritriya , Jayaswal Rajesh , Chakraborty Adipta , Kumar Shailendra , Devati  , Pavankalyan Muneshwar , Sahil
Published: June 2024

Aquaculture, as a rapidly expanding sector of global food production, faces increasing scrutiny regarding its environmental impact and sustainability. Emerging technologies are frequently created with the aim of lessening certain negative effects caused by current aquaculture systems. Climate change poses an additional challenge to freshwater aquaculture. The effects of climate change on freshwater aquaculture are more intricate compared to those on land-based agriculture. Recycling nutrients, or reusing nitrogen, using various polyculture systems may be a more viable and efficient option than managing or treating the effluents linked to conventional, intense monoculture method. The Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS), Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA), selective breeding, aquaponics, alternative feeds, precision aquaculture, offshore aquaculture, genetic technologies, closed containment systems, and certified sustainable aquaculture. Innovations like probiotics, RNA interference, and cleaner fish are being used to prevent diseases in aquaculture and reduce reliance on antibiotics. Precision aquaculture uses sensors, data analytics and AI to optimize fish health, feeding, and water quality in aquaculture systems. It improves efficiency and sustainability. These innovations collectively represent a paradigm shift towards more environmentally friendly and economically viable aquaculture practices. The aim of this review article is to highlight emerging innovations in aquaculture that are contributing to the development of sustainable solutions for the industry. The article focuses on various cutting-edge technologies and practices that are improving the efficiency, environmental sustainability, and overall quality of aquaculture products. These innovations are making aquaculture more productive, efficient, and sustainable as it continues to grow to meet rising global demand for seafood.
Geospatial Analysis of Soil Fertility in Muzaffarpur District, Bihar, India: Integrating GPS and GIS Technologies
Authors: Singh Sanjay Kumar , Tagung Techi , Kumar Ajeet , Singh K. K. , Tiwari Sanjay , Kashiwar Sumedh R. , Kumar Alok , Kumari Shweta , Singh Y. V.
Published: June 2024

The soil fertility maps generated using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) serve as crucial tools for effective nutrient management decision-making. However, soil fertility data for the Minapur, Kanti, and Marwan blocks of Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, India was found to be insufficient. Therefore, a soil fertility inventory research was conducted in these three blocks to create thematic soil fertility maps. A total of 40 geo-referenced composite soil samples were collected from various locations within the study area using a handheld GPS device. The processed soil samples were analyzed for various soil fertility parameters using standard methods. Soil nutrient status and fertility maps were then created using ArcGIS software with Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation techniques. The results clearly indicated that the soil reaction was alkaline, with a pH value exceeding 7.5. The content of soil organic matter, potassium, and sulphur was found to be low to medium, while available nitrogen and phosphorus levels were recorded as very low in these blocks. Finally it is concluded that the study generated thematic soil fertility maps for Minapur, Kanti, and Marwan blocks of Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, revealing alkaline soil with low to medium organic matter, potassium, and sulphur and very low nitrogen and phosphorus levels.
Biofloc Technology: Optimizing Aquaculture through Microbial Innovation
Authors: Lal Jham , Vaishnav Anand , Brar Khushwant Singh , Sahil  , Verma Durgesh Kumar , Jayaswal Rajesh , Lavkush  , Debbarma Sourabh , Devati  , Kumar Shailendra
Published: June 2024

Biofloc technology (BFT) is an innovative approach in aquaculture that provides substantial advantages for the implementation of sustainable and efficient aquaculture techniques. BFT entails the careful management of water quality and the provision of nutrients to cultivated aquatic organisms by adding carbon sources in a balanced manner. This supports the formation of advantageous microbial communities. The biofloc is an assemblage of organic material and microbes that is abundant in proteins. It functions as a natural source of food for species such as tilapia and prawns, hence decreasing the reliance on costly commercial feeds. This self-contained system aids in water conservation, fertiliser recycling, and waste and pollution reduction in comparison to traditional aquaculture methods. BFT additionally boosts the immune system of aquatic species, diminishing the likelihood of prevalent illnesses and fostering overall well-being. Nevertheless, the technology necessitates meticulous control of variables like as carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen in order to uphold a stable and fruitful environment. Although there are certain operational difficulties, BFT proves to be a viable approach for attaining sustainable aquaculture by enhancing output while minimising the negative effects on the environment.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Various Weed Control Methods to Reduce Narrow and Broad Leaf Populations in the Oat (Avena sativa L.) Crop
Authors: Komal  , Alam Mohd Shah , Patel Jay Nath , Yograj  , Ravinder
Published: June 2024

Aims: It is aim to investigating the effectiveness of various weed control methods to reduce narrow and broad leaf populations in oat (Avena sativa L.) crop.
Study Design: The experiment was designed using a Randomized Block design method.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of agronomy, School of Agriculture, Abhilashi university, Chail Chowk, Mandi, India (H.P.) during the Rabi season of 2022.
Methodology: The field trail was conducted with seven treatments and replicated thrice. The investigation included seven different weed control techniques i.e. T1 - weedy check (control), T2 - weed free, T3 - one hand weeding at 25 DAS, T4 - two hand weeding at 25 DAS and 45 DAS,T5 - pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 + one hand weeding at 25 DAS, T6 - post emergence application of atrazine @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha -1 at 35 DAS + one hand weeding at 25 DAS, T7 - post emergence metsulfuron methyl @ 0.004 kg a.i. ha -1 at 35 DAS + one hand weeding at 25 DAS.
Results: The investigation found that the most effective ways to control weeds are by keeping the area completely weed-free or by using two-hand weeding at 25 DAS and 45 DAS. T2 (weed-free), which involved keeping the area weed-free, was found to be the most successful in terms of achieving the lowest weed density and highest weed control efficiency. Two-hand weeding at 25 DAS and 45 DAS was found to be better than using herbicides to reduce weed infestation in oat crops.
Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that integrated weed management practices weed-free treatment is the most effective option for managing weeds in oats.
A “Do‐It‐Yourself” interactive bone structure module: Development and evaluation of an online teaching resource
Authors: Rich Peter , Guy Richard
Published: October 2012

A stand‐alone online teaching module was developed to cover an area of musculoskeletal anatomy (structure of bone) found to be difficult by students. The material presented in the module was not formally presented in any other way, thus providing additional time for other curriculum components, but it was assessed in the final examination. The module was developed using “in‐house” software designed for academics with minimal computer experience. The efficacy and effectiveness of the module was gauged via student surveys, testing student knowledge before and after module introduction, and analysis of final examination results. At least 74% of the class used the module and student responses were positive regarding module usability (navigation, interaction) and utility (learning support). Learning effectiveness was demonstrated by large significant improvements in the post‐presentation test scores for “users” compared with “non‐users” and by the percentage of correct responses to relevant multiple choice questions in the final examination. Performance on relevant short answer questions in the final examination was, on average, comparable to that for other components. Though limited by study structure, it was concluded that the module produced learning outcomes equivalent to those generated by more traditional teaching methods. This “Do‐It‐Yourself” e‐learning approach may be particularly useful for meeting specific course needs not catered for by commercial applications or where there are cost limitations for generation of online learning material. The specific approaches used in the study can assist in development of effective online resources in anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 6: 107–113. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Systematic review of resection of primary midgut carcinoid tumour in patients with unresectable liver metastases (Br J Surg 2012; 99: 1480–1486)
Authors: Frilling A
Published: October 2012

May increase survival
Criteria for drain removal following liver resection
Authors: Yamazaki S , Takayama T , Moriguchi M , Mitsuka Y , Okada S , Midorikawa Y , Nakayama H , Higaki T
Published: October 2012

Background

Abdominal drains have been placed prophylactically and removed in liver resection without robust evidence. The present study was designed to establish the optimal time for removal of such drains.

Methods

Data on abdominal prophylactic drains were analysed in a consecutive series of patients who underwent liver resection for malignancy between 2006 and 2009. Bilirubin levels in drain fluid were measured and bacteriological cultures were taken on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after surgery. Drains were removed on day 3 if the drain-fluid bilirubin level was less than 5 mg/dl and bacteriological cultures were negative. Drains remained in situ until these conditions were met.

Results

A total of 514 abdominal drains were placed in 316 patients operated on in the study period. Fifty-eight patients (18·4 per cent) had positive drain-fluid cultures and 14 (4·4 per cent) had bile leakage (drain-fluid bilirubin level 5 mg/dl or more). Only one patient required ultrasound-guided abdominal drainage. On multivariable analysis, drain-fluid bilirubin level on day 3 after surgery was the strongest predictor of infection (odds ratio 15·11, 95 per cent confidence interval 3·04 to 92·11; P < 0·001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve on day 3 had the highest predictive value: 83·6 per cent accuracy and 3·9 per cent false-positive rate for a drain-fluid bilirubin level of 3·01 mg/dl (51·5 µmol/l).

Conclusion

The ‘3 × 3 rule’ (drain-fluid bilirubin level below 3 mg/dl on day 3 after operation) is an accurate criterion for removal of prophylactically placed abdominal drains in liver resection.
The surgical significance of residual mucosal abnormalities in rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (Br J Surg 2012; 99: 993–1001)
Authors: Habr-Gama A , Perez R O
Published: October 2012

The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (http://www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Cardiac catheterization 1991: A report of the registry of the society for cardiac angiography and interventions (SCA&I)
Authors: Johnson Lewis W. , Krone Ronald ,   Registry Committee of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions
Published: October 2012

This report summarizes the results of the 1991 Registry of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions in which 72 laboratories reported a total of 92,157 patients, including 17,073 coronary angioplasties, studied between January 1 through December 31, 1991. Complications were similar to previous reports of this Registry.
“Hugging balloon” dilatation: Modification and limitation of the technique in oversized vessels
Authors: Chan N.S. , Berland J. , Cribier A. , Letac B.
Published: October 2012

We report a case of “hugging balloon” dilatation of an oversize graft, using two “over‐the‐wire” balloon catheters via a single 8‐F guiding catheter. This combination has not been previously reported, and the limitation of this technique is also discussed.
Modeling and Optimization of Fe(III) Adsorption from Water using Bentonite Clay: Comparison of Central Composite Design and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Savic I. M. , Stojiljkovic S. T. , Savic I. M. , Stojanovic S. B. , Moder K.
Published: October 2012

Adsorption of Fe(III) from water was optimized using response surface methodology and artificial neural network. The initial concentration of Fe(III), contact time, and concentration of adsorbent were defined as input variables, while the percentage of adsorbed Fe(III) was labeled as output variable. Bentonite clay served as an adsorbent. The correlation coefficient, root mean square error, and mean absolute error were calculated after fitting the experimental data by the second‐order polynomial model at the central composite design (CCD). The multilayer perceptron with architecture of 3‐9‐1 provided the best performance. A logistic sigmoid was applied as an activation function in the hidden layer, while in the output layer a linear function was used.
Slice transform‐based weight updating strategy for PLS
Authors: Bi Yiming , Xie Qiong , Peng Silong , Lu Weiying
Published: October 2012

A modified partial least squares (PLS) algorithm is presented on the basis of a novel weight updating strategy. The new weight can handle situations with directions in X space having large variance unrelated to Y, whereas the linear PLS may not work well. In the proposed algorithm, the slice transform technique is introduced to provide a piecewise linear representation of the weight vectors. Then, the corresponding mapping functions are estimated by a least square criterion of the inner relation between the observed variables and the score of response variables. At last, weight vectors are updated by the obtained mapping functions, and the corresponding scores and loadings are calculated with the new weights. An optimal piecewise linear replacements of the PLS weights are achieved by the proposed method. The predictive performances of the new approach and other methods are compared statistically using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve simpler models, whereas the model performances are at least comparable with PLS and other methods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Astral microtubules physically redistribute cortical actin filaments to the incipient contractile ring
Authors: Tseng Kuo‐Fu , Foss Margit , Zhang Dahong
Published: October 2012

Prior to cell cleavage, cytokinetic proteins are recruited into the nascent actomyosin contractile ring, paving the way for formation of a functional cleavage furrow. Interactions between spindle microtubules and the cell cortex may play a critical role in this recruitment, since microtubules have been shown to affect distribution and activation of cytokinetic proteins within the cortex. However, direct evidence for physical interaction between microtubules and the cortex has been lacking. Here, we probed the physical connection between astral microtubules and cortical actin filaments, by micromanipulating the fluorescently tagged cytoskeleton in living spermatocytes of the grasshopper Melanoplus femurrubrum. When microtubules were tugged with a microneedle, they in turn pulled on cortical actin filaments, interrupting the filaments' journey toward the equator. Further displacement of the actin dragged the cell membrane inward, demonstrating that the cortical actin network physically linked spindle microtubules to the cell membrane. Regional disruption of the connection by breaking spindle microtubules prevented actin accumulation in a segment of the ring, which locally inhibited furrowing. We propose a model in which dynamic astral microtubules physically redistribute cortical actin into the incipient contractile ring. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Insights into cell division using Listeria monocytogenes infections of PtK2 renal epithelial cells
Authors: Sanger Jean M. , Sanger Joseph W.
Published: October 2012

The assembly of actin into a cleavage furrow is accompanied by disassembly of the interphase actin cytoskeleton. A variation of this actin filament disassembly/assembly cycle is seen during cell division in PtK2 cells infected with the intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, where F‐actin associates with the bacteria either as a halo surrounding nonmoving bacteria, or as an array of filaments that encases the sides of moving baceteria and extends behind them like a tail. The moving Listeria are found both in the cytoplasm and in the distal ends of undulating filopodia. When infected cells enter mitosis, the distribution of moving and stationary bacteria changes. In the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a decrease in the number of bacteria with tails of actin in the cytoplasm. The nonmoving bacteria surrounded with F‐actin are excluded from the mitotic spindle and moving bacteria are seldom seen in the cytoplasm during mitosis, although small thin filopodia cluster at the edges of the cells. After completion of cytokinesis, strong tail reformation first becomes obvious in the filopodia with Listeria moving back into the cytoplasm as the daughter cells spread. In summary, the disassembly and reassembly of actin tails extending from Listeria in dividing cells is a variation of the changes in actin organization produced by stress fiber and myofibril disassembly/assembly cycles during cell division. We suggest that the same unknown factors that regulate the disassembly/assembly of stress fibers and myofibrils during mitosis and post cytokinesis also affect the movement of Listeria inside mitotic cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduction of the impact of multiple uncertain conductivity values on EEG dipole source analysis
Authors: Yitembe B. R. , Crevecoeur G. , Van Keer R. , Dupré L.
Published: October 2012

It is well known that the uncertain knowledge of the conductivity values of the head tissues has an important impact upon the accuracy of the electroencephalogram source reconstruction. Assuming a certain value of the conductivity often leads to high reconstruction error values when solving the inverse problem. It is possible to quantify the impact of multiple uncertain conductivity values on the localization accuracy. We propose an approach that reduces the impact of these multiple uncertainties on the reconstruction accuracy of the dipole parameters. This paper elaborates the numerical method and shows results of localization accuracy in a five‐shell spherical head model. Sensitivity analysis, when considering multiple layers in the head model, shows the different scales of the influence of the various uncertain conductivity values on the potential values. We propose a cost function that reduces the impact of multiple uncertainties of the conductivity value on the electroencephalogram dipole reconstruction and two strategies for selecting potential values on the basis of the sensitivity analysis. Numerical simulations, when considering multiple uncertainties in the model, provide results with higher reconstruction accuracy compared with the case where only a single uncertainty is taken into account. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomechanical responses of a pig head under blast loading: a computational simulation
Authors: Zhu Feng , Skelton Paul , Chou Cliff C. , Mao Haojie , Yang King H. , King Albert I.
Published: October 2012

A series of computational studies were performed to investigate the biomechanical responses of the pig head under a specific shock tube environment. A finite element model of the head of a 50‐kg Yorkshire pig was developed with sufficient details, based on the Lagrangian formulation, and a shock tube model was developed using the multimaterial arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (MMALE) approach. These two models were integrated and a fluid/solid coupling algorithm was used to simulate the interaction of the shock wave with the pig's head. The finite element model‐predicted incident and intracranial pressure traces were in reasonable agreement with those obtained experimentally. Using the verified numerical model of the shock tube and pig head, further investigations were carried out to study the spatial and temporal distributions of pressure, shear stress, and principal strain within the head. Pressure enhancement was found in the skull, which is believed to be caused by shock wave reflection at the interface of the materials with distinct wave impedances. Brain tissue has a shock attenuation effect and larger pressures were observed in the frontal and occipital regions, suggesting a greater possibility of coup and contrecoup contusion. Shear stresses in the brain and deflection in the skull remained at a low level. Higher principal strains were observed in the brain near the foramen magnum, suggesting that there is a greater chance of cellular or vascular injuries in the brainstem region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphical analysis of flow cytometer data for characterizing controlled fluorescent protein display on λ phage
Authors: Sokolenko Stanislav , Nicastro Jessica , Slavcev Roderick , Aucoin Marc G.
Published: October 2012

As native virus particles typically cannot be resolved using a flow cytometer, the general practice is to use fluorescent dyes to label the particles. In this work, an attempt was made to use a common commercial flow cytometer to characterize a phage display strategy that allows for controlled levels of protein display, in this case, eGFP. To achieve this characterization, a number of data processing steps were needed to ensure that the observed phenomena were indeed capturing differences in the phages produced. Phage display of eGFP resulted in altered side scatter and fluorescence profile, and sub‐populations could be identified within what would otherwise be considered uniform populations. Surprisingly, this study has found that side scatter may be used in the future to characterize the display of nonfluorescent proteins. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Phenotype of entero‐endocrine L cells becomes restricted during development
Authors: Grigoryan Marine , Kedees Mamdouh H. , Guz Yelena , Teitelman Gladys
Published: October 2012

Background: Glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are hormones secreted by L and K cells, respectively, and by LK cells. To characterize L and K cells during development, we examined ileum from embryonic (e)‐ 12 to e‐17. Results: GLP‐1 cells were first seen at e‐15 and their number increased at e‐17. At e‐17, most GLP‐1 cells co‐expressed GIP. The transcription factors Pax6 and Pdx‐1 are required for GIP expression, while Pax6 activates the expression of GLP‐1. At e‐17, the mucosa has GIP+ Pax6+, GIP+ Pdx‐1+, GLP‐1+ Pax6+, and GLP‐1+ Pdx‐1+ cells. Unlike ileal L cells of postnatal and adult mice, a subset of ileal L cells of e‐17 embryos co‐expressed GLP‐1 and glucagon (Glu). Glu‐positive cells contain proprotein‐convertase 2 (PC2) and PC3/1, the enzymes responsible for Glu and GLP‐1 synthesis, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that most GLP‐1+ cells of ileum of e‐17 embryos co‐express GIP and, therefore, are LK cells. In addition, a subset of GLP‐1+ cells of embryos but not of neonates co‐express glucagon, indicating that the expression of Glu in GLP‐1+ cells disappears after birth. Developmental Dynamics, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hormone symphony during root growth and development
Authors: Garay‐Arroyo Adriana , De La Paz Sánchez María , García‐Ponce Berenice , Azpeitia Eugenio , Álvarez‐Buylla Elena R.
Published: October 2012

Hormones regulate plant growth and development in response to external environmental stimuli via complex signal transduction pathways, which in turn form complex networks of interaction. Several classes of hormones have been reported, and their activity depends on their biosynthesis, transport, conjugation, accumulation in the vacuole, and degradation. However, the activity of a given hormone is also dependent on its interaction with other hormones. Indeed, there is a complex crosstalk between hormones that regulates their biosynthesis, transport, and/or signaling functionality, although some hormones have overlapping or opposite functions. The plant root is a particularly useful system in which to study the complex role of plant hormones in the plastic control of plant development. Physiological, cellular, and molecular genetic approaches have been used to study the role of plant hormones in root meristem homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the synthesis, signaling, transport of hormones and role during root development and examine the role of hormone crosstalk in maintaining homeostasis in the apical root meristem. Developmental Dynamics, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An index for climate change: a multivariate time series approach
Authors: Rincón Francisco Andrés
Published: October 2012

The analysis of environmental data represents an opportunity to use statistical tools to provide a better understanding of changes over time, being necessary to combine nontraditional approaches looking for the best way to capture patterns or trends. Throughout this paper, multivariate time series methodologies are presented to build an index to measure climate change; the analysis was carried out over nine meteorological time series for the period 1978–2002. The index was built using a spectral envelope approach combined with the use of band‐pass filters, allowing to identify changes over the period observed as well as the main meteorological variables. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of tannic acid resin: Study of boron adsorption
Authors: Erdem Pelin , Bursali Elif Ant , Yurdakoc Mürüvvet
Published: October 2012

Adsorption of boron from aqueous solutions onto tannic acid resin (TR) was investigated in this study as a function of contact time, temperature, initial boron concentration, pH, and adsorbent dosage. TR was prepared from commercial tannic acid by chemical activation with formaldehyde in aqueous ammonia and characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and BET surface area analysis. The optimum adsorption conditions were found as 24 h, 308 K, 4 mg L−1, boron, pH = 7.0, and 0.1 g TR. The adsorption data was well suited to Langmuir equation. Monolayer adsorption capacity (Qo) was calculated as 2.56 mg g−1. The pseudo‐second‐order equation, which indicated chemical adsorption, provided the best correlation for the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters, such as standard free energy (ΔGo), enthalpy change (ΔHo), and entropy change (ΔSo) were calculated. The thermodynamics of boron adsorption onto TR indicated spontaneous and endothermic nature. Adsorption yield was determined as 88% and then 81% of boron was desorbed with 0.01 M HCl. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 1036–1044, 2013
Influence of varying tidal prism on hydrodynamics and sedimentary processes in a hypertidal salt marsh creek
Authors: O'Laughlin Casey , van Proosdij Danika
Published: October 2012

Recent initiatives directing tidal power development in the Bay of Fundy have raised questions about far‐field environmental impacts related to energy extraction. It is understood that commercial scale tidal power installations in the Minas Passage will result in an overall decrease in tidal amplitude in the Minas Basin. Corresponding changes in sedimentation patterns may or may not be within the natural range of variability, and it is hypothesized that intertidal sedimentation rates will demonstrate a non‐linear response to modification of the tidal energy regime. This research considers acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and optical backscatter sensor (OBS) data from a sheltered tidal creek in the Minas Basin, for analysis of tidal characteristics in a hypertidal creek environment over spring and neap tidal cycles. Sediment deposition in the creek was also measured. Results show a first‐order control of topography on flow magnitude in the tidal creek, which impacts net sediment deposition through resuspension and removal of newly introduced material. This study demonstrates that tides which peak around the bankfull level show reduced early ebb stage turbulence and flow velocity and encourage an extended depositional period. The dynamics of marshfull tides may be responsible for the maximum sediment deposition in tidal creeks, providing large amounts of material that is eventually distributed to and deposited on marsh surfaces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional Sox9 ablation reduces chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan levels and improves motor function following spinal cord injury
Authors: McKillop William M. , Dragan Magdalena , Schedl Andreas , Brown Arthur
Published: October 2012

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) found in perineuronal nets and in the glial scar after spinal cord injury have been shown to inhibit axonal growth and plasticity. Since we have previously identified SOX9 as a transcription factor that upregulates the expression of a battery of genes associated with glial scar formation in primary astrocyte cultures, we predicted that conditional Sox9 ablation would result in reduced CSPG expression after spinal cord injury and that this would lead to increased neuroplasticity and improved locomotor recovery. Control and Sox9 conditional knock‐out mice were subject to a 70 kdyne contusion spinal cord injury at thoracic level 9. One week after injury, Sox9 conditional knock‐out mice expressed reduced levels of CSPG biosynthetic enzymes (Xt‐1 and C4st), CSPG core proteins (brevican, neurocan, and aggrecan), collagens 2a1 and 4a1, and Gfap, a marker of astrocyte activation, in the injured spinal cord compared with controls. These changes in gene expression were accompanied by improved hind limb function and locomotor recovery as evaluated by the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) and rodent activity boxes. Histological assessments confirmed reduced CSPG deposition and collagenous scarring at the lesion of Sox9 conditional knock‐out mice, and demonstrated increased neurofilament‐positive fibers in the lesion penumbra and increased serotonin immunoreactivity caudal to the site of injury. These results suggest that SOX9 inhibition is a potential strategy for the treatment of SCI. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3.1: Invited Paper: Amorphous Oxide TFTs: Progress and Issues
Authors: Nathan Arokia , Lee Sungsik , Jeon Sanghun , Song Ihun , Chung U‐In
Published: October 2012

This paper discusses progress and issues related to amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOS) thin film transistors (TFTs) for flat panel display and imaging applications. In particular, we review the dark‐ and wavelength‐dependent photo‐instability in AOS TFTs and its origins, along with the density of states (DOS) profile in these materials, including the role of oxygen vacancies. The relative dominance of trap‐limited conduction (TLC) and percolation depending on gate voltage is presented. The effects of photo‐instability and specifically persistent photoconductivity (PPC) arising from ionized oxygen vacancies is examined using results of stress/recovery measurements. Based on this, techniques to overcome the PPC are presented, and includes a dual gate photo‐TFT structure with appropriate pulse biasing.
7.1: Invited Paper: Characteristics of Pure MgO Powders Added to an MgO Film
Authors: Lee Min‐Suk , Choi Il‐Shin , Kim Chang Sung , Kim Yong Jun , Heo Eun Gi , Park Hyoung‐Bin , Kim Young Sun , Choe Deok Hyeon
Published: October 2012

Pure MgO powders were synthesized using wet chemical and thermal processes. Purity and crystallinity were used as indicators determining the synthesis. From this, we obtained highly pure and crystalline MgO powders. Using these powders, we could achieve 15∼20V lower firing voltage and 10∼15% higher efficiency, depending on the extent of the partly covered area and on sealing temperature. The improvement was proved to be due to surface states that were absent in an MgO film.
9.4L: Late‐News Paper: Microscopic Mechanism of the Negative Bias and Illumination Stress Instability of Amorphous Oxide TFTs
Authors: Kim Yong‐Sung , Nahm Ho‐Hyun , Kim Dae Hwan
Published: October 2012

The microscopic origin of the negative bias and illumination stress (NBIS) instability of amorphous oxide semiconductors is revealed by first‐principles calculations. We find that the excited holes during the stresses generate O2 peroxide defects in the oxide channel with increasing the Fermi level. The peroxide defects exhibit meta‐stability.
11.3: Stereoscopic 3D Display by Fast Response Liquid Crystal Polarization Rotator
Authors: Lee Chung Yung , Tseng Man Chun , Yeung Fion Sze Yan , Ho Tsz Kin , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: October 2012

A stereoscopic three‐dimensional (3D) system using a polarization rotator is proposed. The polarization rotator converts the polarizations of different eyes' images in temporal multiplexing. A novel fast nematic liquid crystal mode is also proposed. The new liquid crystal mode has fast response time and high contrast; hence it is a good candidate for polarization rotator. The proposed 3D system utilizes only passive polarized glasses, which are more convenient, light weight and low cost. In addition, the polarization rotator can be applied to current 2D displays and become 3D capable display.
12.1: Invited Paper: Ergonomic Evaluation of Visual Discomfort with Autostereoscopic Displays
Authors: Shibata Takashi , Yoshitake Junki , Koido Yoshihisa , Kikuchi Keita , Kawai Takashi
Published: October 2012

We conducted an experiment that examined how visual discomfort arises while viewing autostereoscopic displays in a practical viewing situation. Visual discomfort was evaluated by measuring subjective symptoms and accommodative step response before and after viewing displayed material. Subjective discomfort measurements showed that viewing autostereoscopic displays resulted in relatively less discomfort than viewing 3D television with active shutter glasses. Moreover, we calculated the correlations between subjective visual discomfort and accommodation amplitude to near and far visual targets using an infrared optometer. With an autostereoscopic display and a 2D display, there was moderate correlation, whereas 3D television showed no correlation. This suggests that the discomfort arising from viewing autostereoscopic and 2D displays could be related to accommodative response. However, the discomfort arising from viewing 3D TV probably derives from other factors in a practical viewing.
12.5L: Late‐News Paper: Binocular Fusion Camera to Render Pixel Detail in 3D Displays
Authors: Kelley Edward F. , Boynton Paul A.
Published: October 2012

A binocular fusion camera is developed with two lenses spaced at the interocular distance of 65 mm having irises that simulate eye entrance pupils. Left and right eye images can be overlapped to render how 3D displays appear to both eyes. One application is resolution issues in 3D displays.
13.4: Photoluminescent Properties of MgCaO for High‐Xe PDPs
Authors: Kuang Wen‐Jian , Tolner Harm , Chen Yu‐Xiang , Li Qing , Wang Ning‐Hui , Ding Xue‐Mei , Liang Hong‐Bing , Sun Shuai‐Shuai , Tao Ye
Published: October 2012

Using synchrotron radiation the photoluminescent spectra of both MgCaO with different levels of calcium, and MgO pellet material were measured. The sensitivity at 147 and 172 nm radiation is compared, including the emission spectra. At room temperature MgCaO material can be resonantly excited at both 172 and 188 nm. At room temperature no UV light is emitted from MgCaO, but after cooling down to 20K there is a strong UV emission at 235 nm.
16.1: Hysteresis‐free Blue‐phase LCDs
Authors: Rao Linghui , Yan Jin , Wu Shin‐Tson , Yamamoto Shin‐ichi , Haseba Yasuhiro
Published: October 2012

Electric field effect on the hysteresis of a polymer‐stabilized blue‐phase liquid crystal display is investigated experimentally and by simulation. Based on the established guidelines, we propose a new electrode structure to eliminate hysteresis while keeping high transmittance and high contrast ratio.
18.3: 3‐D Metrology System based on a Bi‐directional OLED Microdisplay
Authors: Großmann Constanze , Gawronski Ute , Breitbarth Martin , Baumgarten Judith , Notni Gunther , Tünnermann Andreas
Published: October 2012

Bi‐directional OLED based microdisplays offer interesting possibilities for new applications. Light emission and detection is included in one chip by using OLED‐on‐CMOS‐technology. Such device has been primary made for optocouplers or photoelectric barriers, but it offers interesting possibilities for other application fields, e.g. multimedia and metrology. A new optical concept of a 3‐D metrology sensor based on bi‐directional OLED microdisplay will be presented.
20.2: Invited Paper: Reliability Improvement of Flexible AMOLED Based on Auxiliary Functional Film Technology
Authors: Chen Janglin , Ho Jia‐Chong , Chen Glory , Lee Cheng‐Chung
Published: October 2012

The flexible universal plane (FlexUP) technology was demonstrated with Polyimide (PI) substrate and a novel de‐bonding method. The transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor (TAOS) TFT, and OLEDs were developed along with the FlexUP technology, aiming to improve the reliability of flexible AMOLED. TAOS TFT successfully improved the bias stress reliability (T50) to approximately over 10 years, and the life time of flexible AMOLED were improved by the new passivation structure and encapsulation materials.
23.4: Hybrid 230ppi 3D Display Using Time‐Sequential OCB LCD
Authors: Suzuki Daiichi , Tanaka Yukio , Tsukane Midori , Okita Mitsutaka , Higano Emi , Miki Hirohisa , Kubota Masahiro , Nishimoto Yuuki , Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Nakao Kenji , Tsurugi Takayuki , Yamamoto Junya , Yamasaki Nobuo
Published: October 2012

We have newly developed a hybrid 230ppi 3D display with both auto‐stereoscopic and glasses modes using time‐sequential OCB, a 4.3inch WVGA panel, and a light directional backlight. In the auto‐stereoscopic mode we can easily see full‐resolution 3D images and in the glasses mode we can additionally see crosstalk‐free 3D images from all viewing angles. Our hybrid 3D LCD is suitable for situations where users want to easily switch the two modes.
26.3: Development of Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (np‐AAO) Thin Template on PET/Ti Flexible Substrate for Flexible Liquid Crystal Display (Flexible‐LCD) Application
Authors: Hong C. , Pan R. P. , Fang W.
Published: October 2012

This study reports implementation and integration of the inorganic nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (named np‐AAO) film and Liquid crystal (LC) on PET/Ti flexible substrate for flexible liquid crystal display (flexible‐LCD) application. This works is the first time to demonstration of flexible‐LCD with micromachined flexible inorganic nanostructure film. The np‐AAO offers three advantages for flexible‐LCD, (1) the np‐AAO is vertical alignment layer to easily and uniformly align LC molecules, (2) the np‐AAO with vertically nanostructure control in thickness uniformity of LC layer between flexible substrates for flexible‐LCD; and (3) the np‐AAO film is an inorganic, optical, and mechanical materials for flexible‐LCD. In application, the LC with the flexible np‐AAO template for capacity in flexible‐LCD is also demonstrated.
28.1: Premium Picture Quality by Super‐Multi‐Domain Polymer Sustained Alignment LCD Technology
Authors: Tien Kun‐Cheng , Wu Yu‐Ching , Liao Chien‐Huang , Ting Tien‐Lun , Wu Ming‐Huei , Hsu Wen‐Hao , Su Jenn‐Jia
Published: October 2012

New super‐multi‐domain polymer sustained alignment (PSA) liquid crystal displays are developed With this new pixel architecture, premium picture quality with very little oblique gamma distortion and color shift (Δ u‘v’ < 0.02) like in‐plane switching (IPS) mode, is obtained. Moreover, it can also realize low‐crosstalk patterned retarder 3D displays without sacrificing the 2D‐mode luminance.
28.2: 28.3 WITHDRAWN: Analysis of Two Types of Multi‐Domain IPS Viewing‐Angle Characteristics
Authors: Nishida Shinichi , Ito Hideki , Sumiyoshi Ken , Sugimoto Mitsuhiro , Ikeno Hidenori , Konno Takayuki
Published: October 2012

The viewing‐angle characteristics for two types of multi‐domain IPS have been analyzed geometrically. Type 1 is with two symmetrical electric fields and type 2 is with perpendicularly aligned LC domains. The analyses show that type 2 would have better viewing‐angle characteristics.
31.2: Eliminating Ghost Touches on a Self‐Capacitive Touch‐Screen
Authors: Coni Philippe , Perbet Jean Noël , Sontag Yves , Abadie Jean Christophe
Published: October 2012

When two or more touches are detected on a self‐capacitive touch‐screen, positional ambiguities known as “ghost” touches are created.

A novel method of distinguishing between real and “ghost” touches is described. Experimental results for dual‐touch give an SNR of over 55 dB, appropriate for secured touch detection in severe environments such as avionics.
33.1: Invited Paper: A Novel Triplet Green Host System and Charge Balance Tuning for High Performance Singlet Blue Devices
Authors: Pflumm Christof , Kaiser Joachim , Kröber Jonas , Voges Frank , Jatsch Anja , Parham Amir , Böhm Edgar , Eberle Thomas , Büsing Arne , Heil Holger , Stößel Philipp , Mujica Teresa
Published: October 2012

Our former findings on the charge balance in blue fluorescent devices show a clear connection between the basic performance parameters: Efficiency and lifetime both show an optimum with respect to voltage. Unfortunately, for devices using a conventional hole injection and NPB as hole transport material, the optimum values do not occur at the same voltage. Moreover, the optimum voltage for lifetime is much higher than that for optimum efficiency. After investigating the underlying charge balance issues, we developed new stack layouts and hole transport materials to shift the lifetime optimum to lower voltage values. Using an appropriate hole injection layer and one of our latest hole transport materials, we can now combine excellent lifetime, low voltage and good efficiency in one fluorescent blue device. In addition, we obtain 10% EQE by carefully tuning the hole transport side in fluorescent blue devices. No special hole blocking layer is required to obtain this high efficiency.

For green phosphorescent devices, we developed a thermally stable co‐host material which allows for the use of low emitter concentrations in the range of 5% without sacrificing device performance. We combine this material with an electron transporting host that shows a slight initial rise in lifetime when a low emitter concentration is employed. Due to these features, the tuning of the host mixing ratio results in excellent LT95 values in combination with good voltage, efficiency and low efficiency rolloff for high luminance.
35.1: Invited Paper: Envisioning a Light Field Ecosystem
Authors: Akeley Kurt
Published: October 2012

Cameras that capture the 4‐D light field incident on their sensor plane, rather than a 2‐D projection of that light field, are becoming available. We describe the properties of one such camera, recently introduced by Lytro, and consider how the pictures captured by it may be used to drive several different 3‐D display systems.
36.3: Adaptive Denoising Algorithm Based on Image Region Analysis
Authors: Cho Sung In , Jang Chan Young , Kim Young Hwan
Published: October 2012

This paper presents an image denoising algorithm based on image region analysis using a small hardware resource, which has low complexity compared with existing non‐local denoising algorithms. The proposed method classifies image regions into three categories and performs adaptive denoising accordance to the characteristics of each category.
37.3: A 10‐Touch Capacitive‐Touch Sensor Circuit with the Time‐Domain Input‐Node Isolation
Authors: Lee Jae‐seung , Yeo Dong‐Hee , Um Ji‐Yong , Song Eun‐Woo , Sim Jae‐Yoon , Park Hong‐June , Seo Seong‐Mo , Shin Myeong‐Ho , Cha Dong‐Hoon , Lee Heesub
Published: October 2012

A 10‐touch performance is achieved by using a mutual‐capacitive touch sensor. To increase the immunity to display‐generated noise, an integrator is used with the input node isolated from touch sensor panel (TSP) during the high‐LCD‐noise period, controlled by the gate‐driver clock. This increases SNR by more than 15 dB.
39.3: Mirror Displays Based on AMOLEDs and Transflective Mirror Designs
Authors: Hsieh Hsing‐Hung , Lin Hong‐Shen , Kuo Tzu‐Yin , Chang Chia‐Chun , Yang Chao‐Shun , Chen Hsien‐Hung , Chu Shang‐Chieh , Hsu Wei‐Lun , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Huang Jung‐Yen , Lin Yusin , Wu Jiunn‐Lin
Published: October 2012

The mirror displays, with good quality of both reflected and emitted images, was successfully demonstrated based on AMOLED and transflective mirror designs. Considering both function of mirror and display, the fully covered mirror design shows the best compromise as confirmed from the real panel performance and optical simulation.
41.1 WITHDRAWN 41.2: Invited Paper: Phosphor Mixtures for White LEDs
Authors: Winkler Holger , Benker Andreas , Hampel Christof , Petry Ralf
Published: October 2012

White phosphor converted LEDs have become an important technology for innovative lighting applications. This paper compares white LEDs that were built by using only one phosphor (dichromatic concept) with LEDs employing mixtures of two phosphors (trichromatic LEDs), a green and a red luminescent material, and discusses the impact of these concepts on the quality of light, in particular the differences in color rendition.
45.2: Invited Paper: Extremely High Performance White OLEDs for Lighting
Authors: Komoda Takuya , Yamae Kazuyuki , Kittichungchit Varutt , Tsuji Hiroya , Ide Nobuhiro
Published: October 2012

High performance all phosphorescent white devices with single unit and two‐unit structures on a light outcoupling substrate were investigated. The single unit device showed high efficacy of 87 lm/W with a half decay lifetime of 10,000 h at the luminance of 1,000 cd/m2. The two‐unit device realized also high efficacy of 83 lm/W with much improved lifetime of over 100,000 h.
47.1: Invited Paper: 3D Digital Cinema Technologies
Authors: Schuck Miller , Sharp Gary
Published: October 2012

We describe fundamental aspects of the two major digital cinema projector platforms (DLP, SXRD) with special regard to the needs of 3D cinema. Additionally, we present several optical solutions for 3D digital cinema, including the RealD polarization‐converting XL and over‐under XLS Cinema Systems.
47.2: A Multi‐View Display using a Single Projector and Screen
Authors: Nasu Senshi , Kawakami Tohru , Ishinabe Takahiro , Katagiri Baku , Sasai Mutsumi , Kano Mitsuru , Suzuki Yoshihito , Uchida Tatsuo , Ozawa Shiro , Yao Yasuhiro , Mieda Satoshi
Published: October 2012

A multi‐view display using Quantized‐Diffusion‐Angle (QDA) screen with only a single projector has been developed. This display system has advantages of wide observation areas with infinite depth from screen surface, no crosstalk between adjacent areas, needless of trapezoidal correction, simple structured, and taking smaller footprint by employing opposite mirrors. In the validation by a prototype system, these merits were examined actually.