bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial analysis of tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Shanghai: implications for tuberculosis control
Authors: Zhang Jing , Shen Xin , Yang Chongguang , Chen Yue , Guo Juntao , Wang Decheng , Zhang Jun , Lynn Henry , Hu Yi , Pan Qichao , Zhang Zhijie
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES: Tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes are a key indicator in the assessment of TB control programs. We aimed to identify spatial factors associated with TB treatment outcomes, and to provide additional insights into TB control from a geographical perspective.METHODS: We collected data from the electronic TB surveillance system in Shanghai, China and included pulmonary TB patients registered from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2016. We examined the associations of physical accessibility to hospitals, an autoregression term, and random hospital effects with treatment outcomes in logistic regression models after adjusting for demographic, clinical, and treatment factors.RESULTS: Of the 53,475 pulmonary TB patients, 49,002 (91.6%) had successful treatment outcomes. The success rate increased from 89.3% in 2009 to 94.4% in 2016. The successful treatment outcome rate varied among hospitals from 78.6% to 97.8%, and there were 12 spatial clusters of poor treatment outcomes during the 8-year study period. The best-fit model incorporated spatial factors. Both the random hospital effects and autoregression terms had significant impacts on TB treatment outcomes, ranking 6th and 10th, respectively, in terms of statistical importance among 14 factors. The number of bus stations around the home was the least important variable in the model.CONCLUSIONS: Spatial autocorrelation and hospital effects were associated with TB treatment outcomes in Shanghai. In highly-integrated cities like Shanghai, physical accessibility was not related to treatment outcomes. Governments need to pay more attention to the mobility of patients and different success rates of treatment among hospitals.
Why African (Akan) thought has no concept of race: An anti-essentialist cultural meaning of personhood
Authors: Amoah Lloyd G. Adu
Published: May 2022

The race question has emerged in full force in recent times in the rise of the Black Lives Matter Movement, Europe’s anti-immigration posture, the social fallout of the Covid-19 pandemic inside and outside of China and the ongoing Russo-Ukraine Conflict. What does it mean to be racist? Is it simply a one off act or the product of a deeply embedded philosophical assemblage? When an African or Chinese (noted perennial victims of racism in history) acts in a manner deemed racist how do we make sense of this? Is it reasonable at all to describe it as reverse racism? This work brings African (Akan) and Confucian thought into a philosophical dialogue on the still raging and burning question of racism in order to offer some perspectives on the questions posed.
Does personality predict a likelihood display of organisational citizenship behaviours among university students? Empirical evidence from Ghana
Authors: Luguyare Sheila , Kekesi Elias , Agyemang Collins Badu
Published: May 2022

Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) has received extensive research attention among the employed populations. But is it possible that people who are yet to be employed can display intentional OCB? Numerous studies have linked OCB to many factors including personality. We, therefore, set out to examine the association between personality traits on the likelihood of engaging in citizenship behaviours among undergraduate students. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data was gathered from 1009 students comprising 537 males and 472 females, with a mean age of 23 (SD=2.98 years) from the University of Ghana through purposive sampling. A questionnaire consisting of validated scales such as the 50-item International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) and the OCB Checklist (OCB-C) were employed to measure the ‘Big Five’ personality traits and the likelihood of OCB respectively. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that sex and age were related to the likelihood of OCB such that male and older students were more willing to engage in OCB. Among the personality traits, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and intellect had significant relationships with the likelihood of OCB. This study shows that both demographic and personal characteristics such as personality traits are associated with students’ likelihood of engaging in OCB.
Interdisciplinary Collaborative Reproductive Health Research in Africa: A Team Science Approach
Authors: Marie Buser Julie , Mukeshimana Madeleine , Tengera Olive , Ntasumbumuyange Diomede , Sayinzoga Felix , Endale Wmichael Tamrat , R. Smith Yolanda
Published: May 2022

None
(НЕ)ГРАМАТИКАЛИЗОВАНА АЛТЕРНАТИВНОСТ У ОДНОСУ НА ДИСЈУНКЦИЈУ У САВРЕМЕНОМ СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ
Authors: Ковачевић Милош
Published: May 2022

There are three senses of the term ’alternativeness’: a) the choice of one between two options, b) equivalence (mutual interchangeability), and c) alternation. Only the first sense is grammaticalized as disjunctive. It is expressed by non-ambiguous sentential and/or phrasal disjunctive conjunctions ili, bilo and volj(a). The meaning of equivalence is not related to structural but to explanatory characteristics of language units, while no construction with the meaning of alternation has a syntactically disjunctive meaning as primary, but does have a syntactically adversative meaning. This means that it is not expressed with a disjunctive construction but with adversative independent constructions (sentences and phrases), both with conjunctions (the conjunction a) and with non-conjunctive markers of adversative alternation. The role of reduplicated semantic specifiers of adversative alternation is performed by temporal, quantitative, locative, and modal adverbs (čas, kad, nekad, ponekad, d(ij) elom, pola, negd(j)e, možda), by pronouns, which are often used as adverbials (što, nešto, koje), and by the modal particle makar. None of these specifiers, which are always reduplicated, has the role of a disjunctive conjunction. They always function as semantic specifiers of the adversative conjunction a, which is an obligatory semantic specifier, which means that if it is omitted the sentence becomes ungrammatical. The given reduplicated obligatory semantic specifiers unambiguously verify the sense of alternativeness as adversative alternation. In other words, another distinctive semantic subtype must be added to the subtypes of independent adversative clauses marked by semantic specifiers – this subtype are sentences featuring specifiers with the meaning of alternative alternation.
AЛТЕРНАТИВНИ МОДЕЛИ АНАЛИТИЧКE КОМПАРАЦИЈЕ У СРПСКОМ И ЕНГЛЕСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ
Authors: Јосијевић Јелена
Published: May 2022

The current grammatical and linguistic literature focuses predominantly on the adverbs meaning ‘more’ and ‘most’ when the periphrastic (analytic) comparison in both Serbian and English are being described. However, both languages have additional adverbs that are used with positives to express comparative and superlative meanings (e.g. jače – najjače, more strongly – most strongly). These adverbial forms have been systematically neglected in both grammatical traditions. Moreover, there are no contrastive analyses on this phenomenon. The main goal of this paper is to contrast the lexical repertoires of the adverbs that are used as alternative models of periphrastic comparison. The paper also aims at comparing and contrasting some distributive features of these models. The research conducted here started with the independent corpus analyses of both languages. The corpus analysis of the English language was conducted on COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English), whereas the corpus analysis of the Serbian language was conducted on КSSJ 2013 (Korpus savremenog srpskog jezika). We opted for independent corpus analyses in order to avoid the potential negative outcomes of working on parallel corpuses (i.e. that the use of a form found in L2 is directly motivated by a form used in L1). After the separate corpus analyses, we conducted a theoretical contrastive analysis. The results presented in this paper will show that the adverbs with the identical semantic features are used in alternative models in both languages. In addition, the paper shall reveal that these models do manifest more or less different tendencies when it comes to their distribution.
ПРЕЗЕНТ У АЛТЕРНАТИВНОЈ УПОТРЕБИ УНУТАР ФРАНЦУСКОГ И СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА ЕКОНОМИЈЕ
Authors: Јаћовић Јелена
Published: May 2022

The proposed research considers the alternative use of the present tense within language for specific purposes. Through a contrastive approach based on examples excerpted from university textbooks and scientific articles in the leading fields of economics, the present tense is analyzed and observed in its transposition to the past or future, imaginary, generic or prelude values with the aim of examining its capability to express a variety of values just as in general language. j
ADAPTACIJA SPORTSKIH TERMINA IZ ENGLESKOG JEZIKA U SRPSKOM NA KORPUSU LEKSIKE BORILAČKIH SPORTOVA
Authors: Budinčić Valentina
Published: May 2022

given that official dictionaries with standard terms are not currently available. We focused on Olympic combat sports (boxing, fencing, judo, karate, taekwondo and wrestling) and investigated alternatives in the process of terminology adaptation. Namely, during the adaptation of foreign terminology in the Serbian language, there are two possibilities: adaptation by transshaping versus adaptation using some of the translation procedures (literal translation, structural translation, partial structural translation, functional approximation and descriptive translation). The research was placed in the context of anglicization, theory of terminology standardization and translation. The corpus consisted of sports encyclopedias, dictionaries and databases on the Internet. The analysis showed that in the process of adaptation of chosen terms, both alternatives – transshaping and translation – are present, and that in a number of cases there is a need for parallel use of transshaped and translated terms. The specifics that are revealed within each of the sports we analyzed prompted us to think about a possible re-examination of current approaches to terminological standardization. Believing that the field of sports is one of the domains in which most young people show interest, we believe that through appropriate materials created for teaching English, it would be possible to raise the awareness of the importance of language norm among the younger population. The results obtained in the selected corpus can indicate current trends in the process of adaptation of sports terminology in the Serbian language as a whole.
KAKO RAZUMEMO PRIČE SMEŠTENE U PERIOD PRE VELIKOG PRASKA? NIVOI UTEMELJENJA KAO METODOLOŠKA ALTERNATIVA PRI PROUČAVANJU HUMORA
Authors: Marković Olivera
Published: May 2022

This paper studies the cognitive semantics’ concepts of grounding (Coulson & Oakley 2005) and grounding levels (multi-level grounded semantics – Antović 2016, 2017) as an alternative in studying humorous aspects in chosen short stories from Italo Calvino’s Cosmicomics collection. Calvino’s stories were chosen because of the radical difference between the alethic limits of their storyworlds and our real world. Since the immersion into the storyworld (Ryan 2001) necessarily includes following the principle of minimal departure (Ryan 1991), in the case of Calvino’s stories this process will be marked by the reader’s permanent attempts to follow the blend logic (which is recognized as pivotal for a text) and the frustration of those attempts due to the impossibility not to rely on different levels of experience levels in the process of semiosis. Our thesis states that this “fallout” from the blend logic will mean that the processes of completion and elaboration of a conceptual integration network will include the process of frame shifting (Coulson 2001), which will generate humorous effects on different grounding levels.
ОДНОС УПОТРЕБЕ ДИЈАЛЕКАТСКИХ И СТАНДАРДНОЈЕЗИЧКИХ ФОРМИ У ГОВОРУ МЛАДИХ У СИРИНИЋУ
Authors: Реџић Анђела
Published: May 2022

This paper focuses on the presence of standard Serbian language forms in the speech of the youth in the Sirinić region. The Serbian dialect spoken in Sirinić belongs to the Prizren-South Morava type. Apart from the fact that young speakers have been exposed to standard Serbian since the beginning of their schooling, their language is also influenced by the standard Serbian present in the media. The paper analyzes the accentual system, past tense and future tense I, after identifying forms originating in standard Serbian and their dialectal equivalents. Utterances containing standard language features were subject to a qualitative analysis. Changes in accent occur in connection to the presence of other standard language features in the same utterance. Regarding the past tense, standard forms are noticed in the part of the present active plural participle, while for the third person plural the dialectal principle still applies, meaning the auxiliary verb is omitted. Standard forms of the future tense I were encountered only in two utterances that are intonationally marked, and indicate an additional meaning of the statement. The analysis of the accentual system and of the form of future tense I indicates that the persistence of the dialect in the examined material is high, and that the use of the standard Serbian language is usually intonationally and thematically marked, which means that we can talk about diglossia. In contrast, the decomposition of the third person plural of the past tense, in which the dialectal principle of not using an auxiliary verb survives, while the standard suffix is used for the present active participle, indicates a change in the speech of younger interlocutors, therefore researching their language is also important for revealing developmental tendencies of the dialect.
АЛТЕРНАТИВНА МЕДИЈСКА СЛИКА СТВАРНОСТИ: ИЗВЈЕШТАВАЊЕ О ПАНДЕМИЈИ ВИРУСА КОРОНА
Authors: Леро Максимовић Соња
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we analysed the phenomenon of the alternative based on the postulates of postclassical narratology, the theory of possible worlds and the theory of counterfactuality, where the alternative is understood as the other possibility that remains in the virtual sphere, or as the potential that is not actualized. The subject of this paper is to explore different specifics concerning the linguistic shaping of nonactualized aspects of reality in the media in those cases when such statements favor the construction of broader narratives of threat and impending or possible danger, as is the case with reports of disease spread (outbreak / epidemic / pandemic narratives), mass killings, various natural disasters and so on. For the purposes of this paper, we analyzed several articles published in daily newspapers, as well as on various newspaper websites that address issues related to the corona virus pandemic, referring also to the available published analyses of media reporting. The aim of this paper is to point out to the basic mechanisms and linguistic markers that we can recognize in cases when the virtual, as a kind of alternative, non-actualized reality, is used as a means of constructing such narratives.
THE PRONOUN SAM ‘SELF’ IN SERBO-CROATIAN AND BINDING THEORY
Authors: Arsenijević Boban , Milosavljević Stefan
Published: May 2022

We explore the distribution of the pronoun sam ‘self’ with the reflexive sebe ‘oneself’ and the pronominal njega ‘him’ in Serbo-Croatian (SC), in contexts in which the resulting pronoun complexes sebe samog and njega samog are used as arguments in the (seemingly) local domain with their antecedent (e.g. Pera je kritikovao sebe/njega samog ‘Pera criticized himself’). We focus on the question of why the pronoun sam enables the use of the pronominal (njega in this case) in the local domain, in violation of Principle B of the canonical binding theory (Chomsky, 1981, 1986). Our analysis is based on the intensifying nature of the pronoun sam, as a result of which this pronoun imposes a focal status on the constituent it combines with, thus extracting it from its argument position into a higher hierarchical position in the structure. Following the proposal of Reinhart & Reuland (1993), binding conditions fail to apply in such contexts, as the pronoun no longer figures as a co-argument of its antecedent. We also look at the differences in the distribution of the pronoun complexes sebe samog and njega samog: the former combines only with (seemingly) local antecedents and passes tests that diagnose syntactic binding, while the latter combines with both local and non-local antecedents and passes tests that diagnose coreference. The observed and discussed facts favor Reinhart & Reuland’s (1993) theory of pronominal coreference to the classical approach proposed by Chomsky (1981, 1986).
O JEDNOJ ALTERNATIVNOJ SLICI FRANCUSKE
Authors: Simović Vesna
Published: May 2022

The research we conducted among students of the University of Nis (Ignjatović & Simović 2016; Simović 2020) showed that, despite many years of learning French, their view of France is almost without exception marked by stereotypical notions of France as a land of love, romance, refined cuisine, high fashion, a luxury lifestyle, the tourist attractions of Paris and the Cote d’Azur. The aim of this paper is to point out a different picture of France that exists among Serbophone speakers. As a corpus for analysis, we used terms related to France in Vukajlija’s online slang dictionary. Unlike the positive and idyllic representations of students, this picture indicates social aspects that are not present in the representations of students about France and the French. Although it reflects the everyday, real life of native speakers (numerous immigrants, unemployment, difficult living conditions in favored neighborhoods, the multiculturalism of French society, etc.), this image of France is deeply imbued with individual and collective stereotypes whose affective charge ranges between irony and ridicule, even contempt towards this country and its inhabitants. We believe that in modern foreign language teaching and learning, the establishment of dominant stereotypes about the target language and culture, whether positive or negative, is a prerequisite for the successful mastery of that language and for any further work on awareness and overcoming simplified and generalized ideas about the country whose language is being learned, about native speakers and their culture (stereotype awareness). Hence the interest in researching this topic.
USVAJANJE IDIOMATSKIH KONSTRUKCIJA NA ŠPANSKOM JEZIKU UZ POMOĆ ŽARGONIZAMA IZ HISPANSKE KINEMATOGRAFIJE
Authors: Selaković Irena
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we present an alternative way of acquiring idiomatic structures in Spanish through the use of jargon which abounds in the achievements of Hispanic cinematography. In many cases, idiomatic constructions are a problem when learning Spanish as a foreign language, and students often create an aversion to them in advance because not enough attention is devoted to them at the initial levels of language learning. Another problem for acquiring them may be the teacher’s strict focus on the grammar-translation or direct teaching methods. However, the nature of phraseological units requires a higher degree of creativity when presenting them within a particular teaching unit. In our paper, we start from the hypothesis that mastering idiomatic structures is easier if we initially present and explain examples of the jargon of specific speech situations taken from movies, which are very often neglected in grammars and manuals for learning a foreign language. In addition to that, we want to examine whether students are more motivated to acquire idiomatic structures when they are already familiar with the elements of Spanish culture shown in film, an audio-visual didactic tool. The results we obtained on the basis of qualitative and quantitative research conducted with third-year students of the Faculty of Philology and Arts in Kragujevac who study Spanish as a foreign language confirm that students show a high degree of interest in using film in the classroom to improve phraseological competence.
ПРИДЕВСКИ СУФИКС ‑ЈАСТ КАО МОРФОФОНОЛОШКА АЛТЕРНАТИВА СУФИКСУ ‑АСТ
Authors: Јанић Александра
Published: May 2022

The subject of this paper are the distribution and competitiveness of the derivational suffixes -ast and -jast in the Serbian language, especially regarding the last consonant of the derivational base, and in the light of the alternative derivational interpretation from the phonological point of view (-ast/-jast). Three groups can be identified from the morphophonological aspect: 1) the derivational suffix is unambiguously -ast (e.g. klinast, kukast: klin- + -ast, kuk- + -ast); 2) the derivational suffix is unambiguously -jast (e.g. pepeljast, žbunjast: pepel- + -jast, žbun- + -jast); 3) it is equally possible that the derivational suffix is -ast or -jast (e.g. zmijast: zmij- + -ast or zmij- + -jast). A total of 25% of the analysed adjectives belong to the group with a possible ambiguous morphophonological interpretation, such as: 1) with final soft (con)sonants j, lj, nj, đ in the derivational base (e.g. jajast, bodljast, dinjast); 2) with final soft consonants produced in the process of palatalisation/iotation: č from k and c, ž from g, š from h (e.g. jezičast, mesečast; bubrežast; vazdušast).
„ПОРТРЕТ АРНОЛФИНИЈЕВИХˮ ЈАНА ВАН АЈКА И НАРАТИВ- НЕ АЛТЕРНАТИВЕ
Authors: Бојанић Ћирковић Мирјана
Published: May 2022

Jan van Eyck’s The Arnolfini Portrait (1434) has intrigued art historians and theorists for six centuries, so that various narrative alternatives to this painting have been offered in order to shed light on its technique and the secret meanings of the motifs. Among the narratives which alternate with The Arnolfini Portrait, the most common are detective narratives, sexist narratives, family narrative, chthonic narratives, etc., and they should be accompanied by mise en abyme, the methodological concept of cognitive narratologists, whose framework is significantly expanded by considering the portrait of Arnolfini. In the narrative alternatives mentioned, finding the confirmation of the actuality and value of Van Eyck’s painting, with an interdisciplinary and methodologically plural approach focusing on the interpretation of postclassical narratological theories, we examine the source of permanent perceptual play of this artistic painting, with the observer gaps in the narrative. In the conclusion, we point to the contribution of the technique and the narrative of this painting to modern methodological angles to the interpretation of works of art, such as theories of reading and cognitive narratology.
PRIKAZ ALTERNATIVNE KNJIŽEVNOSTI VLADANA DOBRIVOJEVIĆA
Authors: Ahmetagić Jasmina
Published: May 2022

While keeping in mind the entire opus of Vladan Dobrivojević, an author who has been, from his very first work, consistently opposed to the dominant aesthetic and literary canon, we focus on his 2018 novel Dom Kihota to draw attention to the challenges his work’s reception placed in front of his readers and critics. In his voluminous opus, Dobrivojević examines various forms of anthropological disjointedness and the preconditions for living authentically, while proposing a value system deeply opposed to contemporary conformity. Due to this, but also due to the works’ voluminosity, their philosophical and metaphysical structure, linguistic range, their perception of the world, and especially because of the underlying call for a spiritual awakening, Dobrivojević’s opus stands isolated, eluding comparison to the works of his contemporaries. We supported the claim that his opus belongs to a parallel current of Serbian literature, an alternative stream—especially as the use of the term “alternative” implies an examination of the centre-periphery relationship—with the attitude of literary critics towards it. The widespread negative judgment of Dobrivojević’s prose has never been elaborated on, it hardly extends beyond attaching labels, but it is the primary deciding factor in forming the discourse around his books. Against the background of Dobrivojević’s opus, Dom Kihota stands out as a book of great negation, a book of strong and obsessively structured resistance to the existing order, primarily the current format of human beings and their world, which is much more dominant than the positive projection consistently included in this writer’s novels. We examined the status of the implied reader in Dom Kihota and showed that an entire series of the author’s choices, which is elaborated upon in the afterword, is ruled by the desire to provoke. The paper argues that this fact is the defining reason this novel did not reach the aesthetic value we are so used to from Dobrivojević.
IN PURSUIT OF ALTERNATIVE ENDINGS – DON DELILLO’S FICTIONAL POST-HUMANS AND THE BOUNDARIES OF THEIR WORLDS
Authors: Radin Sabadoš Mirna
Published: May 2022

Margaret Atwood in her story “Happy Endings” humorously explores conventions of storytelling ultimately emphasizing that the boundary of any story is marked by the limits of human existence. Looking at the stories of the protagonists in the novels Cosmopolis (2003) and Zero K (2016) by Don DeLillo, this paper examines how the novels challenge our understanding of human subjectivity as well as how they introduce the possibility of alternative forms of human agency in an environment saturated by technology. Maintaining the neo-realist mode of storytelling, DeLillo pushes his protagonists Eric Packer and Artis Martineau to, instead of dying, choose an alternative (im)possible existence which would allow them to step into the unknown as if into an extension of life. By doing so their narratives flow into a parallel time loop, where they become alternatives of themselves, in a state that is an alternative to life different from death. The stories introduce the concept of a proto-post-human existence blurring the boundaries of the natural and the artificial, the human and the machine, and questioning the normalized concept of human identity established through the alternatives of body and mind, life and mortality.
РАЗВОЈ ЖАНРА АЛТЕРНАТИВНЕ ИСТОРИЈЕ У РУСКОЈ КЊИЖЕВНОЈ ФАНТАСТИЦИ
Authors: Blagojević Nenad , Ilić Velimir
Published: May 2022

Since in the alternative history as a genre of literary fiction, the bifurcation point, namely the fantastic assumptions that at some of the turning points in history there was an alternative development of events, has a central role, this genre of literature has become quite useful in the analysis of the perception of national history through examination of the impact of certain events on the historical development of a given culture. In this paper, through the prism of the development of the genre of alternative history in Russian literary fiction, we look at historical events which stand out as central from the perspective of Russian authors, analyze the motives and the plot structure of these works, and propose a chronological classification of narrative worlds. The paper focuses on the most significant works of Russian literature of this genre, among which we have singled out the cycle of novels on alternative history of the Russian Middle Ages under the common title “Eurasian Symphony” (2000-2005) by Holm Van Zajchik, the short story “The Second Life of Napoleon” (1917), the novel “Pugachev the Victor” (1924) by Mikhail Pervukhin, the novel “The Island of Crimea” (1979) by Vasily Aksyonov, as well as the novels about the alternative history of the Second World War by Andrei Lazarchuk, Sergei Sinyakin and others.
АЛТЕРНАТИВНА ИСТОРИЈА БЕОГРАДСКИХ УЛИЦА: ДОРЋОЛ СВЕТЛАНЕ ВЕЛМАР-ЈАНКОВИЋ У СВЕТЛУ ТЕОРИЈЕ КОНТРАНАРАТИВА
Authors: Милић Јелена
Published: May 2022

The meanings of the stories about Dorćol’s streets and heroes, including their aesthetic and ethical component in novel Dorćol by Svetlana Velmar-Janković, are derived from the confrontation of counterfactual narratives. In this paper, we analyse an alternative history of the neighbourhood of Dorćol, as well as the counterparts of the historical figures after whom Dorćol’s streets are named. We interpret the structure of counternarratives and their effects in the process of reception, based on Hillary Danenberg’s theory of conceptual blending, the theory of possible worlds, geographical narratology, affective theory of space and the theory of city space by Daniela Hodrova. The secret life of the oldest Belgrade neighbourhood in the stories by Svetlana Velmar- Janković is interpreted against the rich background of the past (which takes place in the time frame of the First and Second Serbian Uprisings), where the past, the present and the future context are seen as history that is happening now.
Challenges to Medical Education Due to Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kadu Dr. Sandeep , Dr. Ravindra Deokar
Published: May 2022

As we all know that Covid-19 is transmissible disease, so all education systems including medical education have stopped the traditional teaching learning. Online or virtual learning gain importance because it helps in continuation of education as well as prevented transmission of the Covid. Though it has its own pros and cons, still it helped in continuation of the medical education.
Association of Risk Factors with Maternal Outcomes In Abruptio Placenta at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jain Dr. Disha , Patil Dr. Pradeep , Choudhary Dr. V. V.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Abruptio placenta is a serious condition that increases maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The incidence of abruption placenta is between 0.49% -1.8%. Primary cause of abruption is not known but the main precipitating and predisposing factors of abruption are age, parity, anemia, poor nutrition, pregnancy induced hypertension, eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm premature rupture of membrane, and previous medical termination of pregnancy. Methodology: It is a retrospective observational study done by analyzing the case sheets of abruption placenta in tertiary care hospital from January 2020 to December 2020. All those patients of antepartum hemorrhage presenting directly as typical cases of abruption placenta were included. Also, those cases in which placenta previa and other causes were ruled out after clinical, per speculum examination and/or USG examination were ruled out. Result: The total number of abruption placenta collected during this period was 21. We found 38% patients with chronic hypertension, 33 % of patients with severe preeclampsia, 14% with eclampsia, 15% were normotensive. Advanced maternal age and multiparity were also the risk factors of abruption placenta. Conclusion: Antenatal care which identifies the risk factors like PIH plays an important role in decreasing the incidence of abruption placenta. Early detection and active management will reduce morbidity.
An Observational Study of Clinical Profile & Short-Term Outcome with Use of Pulse Therapy of Methylprednisolone Alone Vs Methylprednisolone and Intravenous Immunoglobulin In Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children
Authors: Mhaske Dr. Sneha , Mhaske Dr.  S. N. , Misal Dr. Ganesh , Shinde Dr. Abhijit , Waydande Dr. Suresh
Published: May 2022

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a condition where different body parts can become inflamed, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes, or gastrointestinal organs. There is persistent fever along with inflammation, which can lead to medical emergencies and neonates and children may require critical care. Aims and objectives: This study evaluates use of pulse therapy of methyl prednisolone versus prednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MISC). Methodology: This analytical study was carried out in 30 children with history of SARS-CoV-19 or MISC attending the PICU or NICU of the Tertiary care centre of DVVPF’s Medical College, Ahmednagar. The study was carried out from January 2021 to December 2021. Results: Total of 30 patients were studied with male majority (60%), and mean age of 7.35 years. 28 were kept in the ICU (93.33%). GI symptoms were seen in 24 cases (80%), Mucocutaneous manifestation in 25 cases (83.33%), Multiorgan involvement (>3 organs) in 23 cases (76.67%). D Dimer was raised in 29 cases (96.67%), Thrombocytopenia was seen in 24 cases (80%). CNS involvement in 14 cases (46.67%) with headaches in 7 (23.33%), encephalopathy in 5 cases (16.67%) and seizures in 4 cases (13.33%). Respiratory system involvement was seen in 16 cases (53.33%). We observed that the outcome characteristic features were better in the Methylprednisolone pulse therapy plus IVIG group. (p<0.05) Out of 15 patients in the two groups, 3 patients died in Methylprednisolone pulse therapy group (20%) while there was one death in the Methylprednisolone pulse therapy plus IVIG group. Significant difference was seen in the survival of the two groups. (p = 0.04). Conclusion: There is improvement in both the groups which received the treatment with either Methylprednisolone pulse therapy or Methylprednisolone pulse therapy plus IVIG. Comparatively there was less ICU stay, less complications and better patient survival in Methylprednisolone pulse therapy plus IVIG group.
Assessment of Rational Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Ward in A Teaching Hospital
Authors: Vahadane Dr. Sachin , Dharma Dr. Makarand , Waydande Dr. Suresh , Shinde Dr. Abhijit
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Antibiotics are a class of natural and synthetic compounds that inhibit the growth of or kill other microorganisms. These are among the most frequently prescribed medications in modern medicine. The use of antibiotics has contributed to the dramatic fall in morbidity from communicable and infectious diseases over the last 50 years globally. Overuse of antibiotic is one of the most important factors for the development and spread of resistance in the hospital, as well as in the community. Methodology: The present study was conducted in pediatric ward of a tertiary care institute. The study population included 250 children. The group consisted of 250 consecutive children admitted in one unit of the pediatric ward and they were analyzed for antibiotic use without any prior priming of the members of the unit regarding rationality of antibiotic use.  Results: Age and sex wise distribution of 250 children included in the study. Of these 166(57%) were males and 84 (43%) were females.  60 received antibiotics for respiratory tract infections, this being the commonest disease for which antibiotics were received. 55 (44%) children received antibiotics in rational way. Conclusion: From this study it is clear that there is lack of proper rational antibiotic usage by unit doctors. To conclude it can be stated that inappropriate use of antibiotics is increasing and is responsible for rapidly developing antimicrobial resistance. To increase rational use of antibiotics the members of the unit (treating physicians) should be motivated regarding correct uses of antibiotics and hazards of their inappropriate use. A proper workshop should be arranged for this.
Cloverleaf Skull Syndrome: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Reddy Dr. Naveen
Published: May 2022

Cloverleaf deformity is an extremely rare skull deformity that occurs when several joints (sutures) between a baby's skull bones begin to fuse too early. Also known as Kleeblattschädel syndrome, the cloverleaf deformity causes bulging at the front and sides of the skull, resembling a cloverleaf shape. Cloverleaf skull syndrome is an abnormal configuration of the calvaria classified as craniosynostosis, consisting of premature ossification of cranial sutures. It is a deformity characterized by a remarkable enlargement of the head, with a trilobed configuration of the frontal view, resembling a three leaved clover(1) The first report about such a syndrome in the literature occurred in 1973 and, over the years only some tens of cases have been documented worldwide(3). The present report describes a case of a severe craniofacial condition that is known as "cloverleaf skull syndrome". At Physical examination multiple malformations were observed, with altered craniofacial configuration, low set ear, hypertelorism, exopthalmos, syndactyly, closed anterior fontanelle, high arched palate, bilateral CTEV. The vast majority of patients with kleeblattschädel have intellectual impairment and hydrocephalus. It is usually seen in thanatophoric dysplasia: classically type II only, severe Apert syndrome, severe Crouzon syndrome, Boston-type craniosynostosis & Carpenter syndrome.(5)Craniosynostosis has an  incidence of 1 in 2100 to 1 in 2500 live births with multi-suture craniosynostosis constituting about 5% of all the cases [9]. This condition is associated with a variety of presentations including optic atrophy, hydrocephalus, respiratory problems, cleft palate, and disorders of hearing and speech.[10] These cases are very rare & so shall be reported promptly to deal with management part of this disease. An expert team of maxillofacial, plastic, and neurosurgeons is needed to handle such complex conditions which involve the correction of the bony deformity.
Acutis Dermal Dysplasia: a review
Authors: De Oliveira Ricardo Santos , Pinho Vitor Ferreira , Viana Dinark Conceição , Santos Marcelo Volpon , Ballestero Matheus Fernando Manzolli
Published: May 2022

Aplasia Dermal Dysplasia (ADD) is an etiologically heterogeneous congenital abnormality having a circumscribed area of absent skin that involves any region of the body mainly the cranial vertex. The condition may involve only the superficial skin but also the subcutaneous tissue, bone, or even the dura. ADD can be isolated or associated with other malformations in the context of a genetic disease. Numerous alterations of skin detectable at birth might be confused with aplasia cutis congenita. Birth trauma, injuries from obstetrical procedures and intrauterine trauma such as from mechanical deliveries are some examples. Histologic analysis can make the proper diagnosis. Here we describe the surgical strategies to treatment of ADD, including patient selection, properative preparation, the operative procedure and Post-operative management. A multidisciplinary team including neurosurgery and plastic surgery, among others, is optimal for the treatment of these patients. Nevertheless, intensive care must be undertaken during treatment to detect potential life-threatening complications.
ÖZEL GÜN İNDİRİMLERİNİN SATIŞ TUTUNDURMA VE TÜKETİCİ SATIN ALMA KARAR SÜRECİNE ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ORHAN Ebru , YILDIRIM Figen
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, tüketicilerin özel günlerde satın alma davranışlarının ve niyetlerinin değişip değişmediğini tespit etmek ve işletmelerin satış tutundurma faaliyetlerinin özel günlerde tüketicilerin satın alma davranışına olan etkisini ortaya koymaktır.

Yöntem: Türkiye’de yaşayan 18 yaş üstü 393 katılımcıyla 24.07.2020-08.08.2020 tarihleri arasında kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile dijital ortamda çevrimiçi anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın analizi kapsamında Spearman korelasyon testleri yapılmıştır.

Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgularına göre işletmelerin özel günlerde yaptıkları indirimler, sundukları promosyonlar ve ödeme kolaylıkları tüketicilerin satın alma davranışını ve satın alma niyetini olumlu olarak etkilemektedir. İşletmelerin özel günlerde sattıkları ürün veya hizmetlerde yaptıkları kampanya, indirim gibi promosyon faaliyetlerinin tüketicileri satın almaya ikna ettiği söylemek mümkündür.

Özgünlük: Araştırmanın diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak orijinalliği, işletmelerin özel günlerde tüketicilere yönelik yaptıkları satış tutundurma faaliyetlerinin etkisini incelemek üzere yapılmış olmasıdır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada diğerlerinden farklı olarak işletmelerin satış tutundurma faaliyetleri karşısında tüketicilerin tutumları incelenmekte ve ileride yapılacak olan çalışmalara katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Gelecekteki çalışmalarda işletmeler için özel günleri fırsata çevirmek ve markaları için hedef kitleleriyle ortak hisler paylaşarak anlamlı ilişkiler kurmaları bakımından özel günlerle marka imajlarını ve marka bağlılığı oluşturma etkisi incelenebilir.
Correlation between Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels and Severity by Pulmonary Tomography in Patients with Sars-Cov-2
Authors:   Critical Care Medicine and Emergency Medicine Physician. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 1, Centro Médico Nacional del Bajío (IMSS, UMAE HE No. 1 CMN), León, Guanajuato, Mexico. Intensive Care Unit., Guerrero-Topete Hugo Eduardo
Published: May 2022

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LHD) concentration has been described as a biomarker to predict severe lung injury and severe hypoxemia in patients with ARDS. The aim of the study was to correlate lactate dehydrogenase concentrations with the tomographic severity index in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia cases, considering lung CT as the gold standard for severity diagnosis in this population based on the presence of ground glass pattern and the score given in the segmental assessment. A total of 110 patients were included in the study, in the period from April to September 2020. From the results, a moderate correlation was obtained between serum LHD levels and severity score by pulmonary tomography, with an r=0.474 and p <0.0001; with a severity-associated serum LHD cut-off point of 396 mg /dl (p < 0.001, sensitivity 86.02%, specificity 75%, AUC 0.806). Serum DHL levels may be useful for predicting severity in patients with COVID pneumonia 19t
Anotaciones sobre el trabajo artesanal con ámbar, sus mineros y artesanos
Authors:   Universidad de Guanajuato, del Carpio Ovando Perla Shiomara
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este capítulo es analizar las condiciones de trabajo de quienes se dedican a la extracción, transformación y comercialización del ámbar de Chiapas, México. Se invita a considerar un abordaje relacional de la artesanía como proceso y no solo como resultado. En este trabajo sobresale el estrecho vínculo de aspectos económicos en íntima relación con aspectos socioculturales. Se acude a una metodología cualitativa teniendo como técnica la revisión y al análisis documental. Los resultados indican que, en cuanto a la extracción de la resina, sobresalen dificultades en torno al cuidado y atención de la salud, desprotección médica, accidentes de trabajo e ingresos. En torno a la transformación del ámbar sobresale la necesidad de capacitación en torno a diseños, diversificación de productos, precios justos y diversificación de materiales. En la comercialización algunas dificultades son la intermediación, regulación de precios, espacios de comercialización, imitación de la resina, necesidad de capacitación en torno a gestión financiera, comercialización en línea, constitución de figuras organizativas, capacitación en torno a la denominación de origen y marcas colectivas e impulso institucional. Se concluye que para abordar los retos en torno a esta rama artesanal son importantes las alianzas estratégicas institucionales y acciones conjuntas desde las figuras organizativas y grupos artesanales.
Agribusiness logistics: an analysis of brazilian soy and corn transport operations
Authors:   Institute of Acre (IFAC), Duarte Soliani Rodrigo
Published: May 2022

Soy and corn are the most representative crops in national agricultural production of grains. Logistics activities are directly related to the competitiveness of agricultural commodities on the foreign market, so that the favorable characteristics of the productive segment only become competitive advantages for the country if there is an efficient logistics system. In this sense, the present study aimed to investigate transportation in the context of Brazilian agribusiness, focusing on soy and corn production chains. Thus, from a bibliographic search and semi-structured interviews with executives from the agro-industrial logistics sector, the investigation was oriented to identify and analyze the main logistical aspects related to the flow of Brazilian grain production. For agricultural commodities, logistical costs have a greater influence on competitiveness, as they are goods with low added value and are generally transported in large volumes. This fact makes the waterway and the railway modes more appropriate for the transportation of these products, due to the ability to move large volumes while consuming little fuel, that is, greater energy and economic efficiency in long distance journeys. Among the main aspects of infrastructure and operation identified, the poor state of repair of the Brazilian road network stands out, with only 12.4% of its roads paved; the low density of the tracks of the railroad and waterway systems when compared with other countries; the small participation of waterways (20%) and railways (15%) in the national transportation matrix. In order to be able to monitor the development of its agricultural production, the country needs to invest in the structuring logistics infrastructure, destined to rail, waterway and cabotage services, and to increase the productivity of the existing assets.
Validación de la paradoja de Easterlin en Colombia para el periodo 2016-2021
Authors:   Universidad Popular del Cesar, Bracho Erimar , Núñez Juan Camilo ,   Universidad Popular del Cesar, Sánchez Leonel ,   Universidad Popular del Cesar, Jorge García José ,   Universidad Popular del Cesar, Cristancho Yerly ,   Universidad Popular del Cesar
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de la investigación fue validar la Paradoja de Easterlin en Colombia para el periodo 2016-2021. La misma estuvo bajo un enfoque mixto, con diseño no experimental, transaccional – descriptivo. La población objeto de estudio fueron las cifras de ingreso percápita arrojada por el DANE y el ranking mundial del índice de felicidad para el país, por lo tanto; fue finita porque se emplearon todos los datos considerados como muestra censal. Finalmente, para el análisis de la información se empleó la herramienta estadística coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, para determinarla relación estadística entre ingreso per cápita y felicidad. Los resultados demostraron que existe una correlación negativa de 0.48, entre ingreso percápita y felicidad en Colombia para el periodo 2016-2021; lo cual se catalogó como moderada; es decir que a medida que incrementa la felicidad, disminuye el ingreso por persona o viceversa. Siendo así, que en esta investigación se quiso demostrar que en Colombia en el período estudiado sí se validó la Paradoja de Easterlin, a pesar de que Colombia hoy en día se encuentra como uno de los países más felices de Latinoamérica, pero por el contrario en el ranking mundial ha venido alejándose cada vez más del país que está en el primer lugar, que es Finlandia; es decir, el país ha aumentado de puesto, es decir, se ha alejado cada vez más del primer lugar, ubicándose hoy en día en el puesto 52, pasando desde el puesto 44; evidenciándose con esto que Colombia no es tan feliz, en comparación con el resto del mundo.