bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting CD20+ Aggressive B-cell Non–Hodgkin Lymphoma by Anti-CD20 CAR mRNA-Modified Expanded Natural Killer Cells In Vitro and in NSG Mice
Authors: Chu Yaya , Hochberg Jessica , Yahr Ashlin , Ayello Janet , van de Ven Carmella , Barth Matthew , Czuczman Myron , Cairo Mitchell S.
Published: December 2014

The prognosis is very dismal for patients with relapsed CD20+ B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Facilitating the development of alternative novel therapeutic strategies is required to improve outcomes in patients with recurrent/refractory CD20+ B-NHL. In this study, we investigated functional activities of anti-CD20 CAR-modified, expanded peripheral blood NK cells (exPBNK) following mRNA nucleofection against CD20+ B-NHL in vitro and in vivo. CAR+ exPBNK had significantly enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity, compared with CAR− exPBNK against CD20+ Ramos (P < 0.05), Daudi, Raji, and two rituximab-resistant cell lines, Raji-2R and Raji-4RH (P < 0.001). As expected, there was no significant difference against CD20− RS4;11 and Jurkat cells. CD107a degranulation and intracellular IFNγ production were also enhanced in CAR+ exPBNK in response to CD20+ B-NHL–specific stimulation. In Raji-Luc and Raji-2R-Luc xenografted NOD/SCID/γ-chain−/− (NSG) mice, the luciferase signals measured in the CAR+ exPBNK-treated group were significantly reduced, compared with the signals measured in the untreated mice and in mice treated with the CAR− exPBNK. Furthermore, the CAR exPBNK-treated mice had significantly extended survival time (P < 0.001) and reduced tumor size, compared with those of the untreated and the CAR− exPBNK-treated mice (P < 0.05). These preclinical data suggest that ex vivo–exPBNK modified with anti-CD20 CAR may have therapeutic potential for treating patients with poor-risk CD20+ hematologic malignancies. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(4); 333–44. ©2014 AACR.
Two new taxa of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae) from Manipur, India
Authors: Sagolsem Asharani Devi , Thongam Biseshwori
Published: December 2014

Two new taxa of Nymphaea, Nymphaea manipurensis and N. manipurensis var. versicolor are described from Manipur, India. They resemble N. tetragona Georgi in their tetragonal-shaped receptacle, but are easily distinguished from the latter by their partial apocarpy. In being partly apocarpous and having purplish leaf undersurfaces and erect rhizomes, they are similar to N. nouchali Burm. f. A comparison of these two taxa with N. nouchali is provided, along with a key to all Nymphaea known from India. The two new taxa have very similar characters, but differ in minor characteristics, and thus one is treated as a variety of the new species.
Let Me Blow Your Mind
Authors: Lindsey Treva B.
Published: December 2014

This essay brings together key theoretical interventions in hip-hop feminism to explore the continued, but undervalued, significance of hip-hop feminism in urban education. More specifically, the essay challenges narrow conceptualizations of the hip hop subject as Black and male by using hip-hop feminist theory to incorporate the lived experiences of Black and Brown girls and women. With a particular emphasis on the realities of violence Black and Brown girls and women, trans*, and queer people confront, I argue for the incorporation of hip hop feminism as a social justice theory and praxis in urban education.
Evaluation of aircraft wheel load on pavement damages by layered elastic method
Authors: Ali Shafabakhsh Gholam , Kashi Ehsan
Published: December 2014

As the aircraft industry grows, different aircraft come onto the market which vary in terms of use (e.g., generic, military, commercial, and passenger), geometric shape of the wheels and main gear configuration. In this paper, LEDFAA software was used to investigate the effect of Airbus and Boeing gear configuration on rigid and flexible pavement of runways. Cumulative damage factor defined as the amount of the structural fatigue life of a pavement, which has been accumulated, was calculated for Airbus and Boeing aircraft in this research as well. To validate the numerical analysis in this study, cumulative damage factor curves were drawn using FAARFIELD software. The effect of gear configuration and lateral distance from centerline of runway were also evaluated and critical zones of runway were detected.This paper confirms advisory circular AC150/5320-16 about B-777. This advisory circular canceled airport pavement design in mixed traffic for the Boeing 777 aircraft. In other words, among Airbus group aircraft, A-340-500/600 has the most damage factor contribution on flexible and rigid pavements. This research also presents the structure of the new Federal Aviation Administration program for pavement thickness design. Sample results from the program are presented and compared with the results obtained from the existing Federal Aviation Administration design procedures.
Project Post Intensive Care eXercise (PIX): A qualitative exploration of intensive care unit survivors’ perceptions of quality of life post-discharge and experience of exercise rehabilitation
Authors: Walker Wendy , Wright Judith , Danjoux Gerard , Howell Simon J , Martin Denis , Bonner Stephen
Published: December 2014

Patients who survive critical illness often report deterioration in health related quality of life. This has not been shown to improve following post-intensive care unit (ICU) self-directed exercise. The Post Intensive Care eXercise (PIX) study demonstrated improved objectively measured fitness following a supervised exercise programme following critical illness and also suggested beneficial effects on physical and mental health. The qualitative arm of the PIX study reported here utilised focus groups to explore in more detail recovery from critical illness, quality of life following hospital discharge, perceptions of the exercise programme and it’s impact on perceived well-being. Sixteen participants (eight of whom underwent the supervised exercise programme) were allocated to four psychologist lead focus groups. Themes identified after hospital discharge centred on social isolation, abandonment, vulnerability and reduced physical activity. However, patients in the exercise group described exercise training as motivating, increasing energy levels and sense of achievement, social interaction and confidence. This study adds to the sparse literature on the patient experience post critical illness. It supports the improvements in physical and mental health suggested with exercise in the PIX study and would support further research in relation to the effects of supervised exercise and rehabilitation programmes post critical illness. It recommends that future comparative outcome studies in this patient population also include interview-based assessment as part of assessment of quality of life and an individual’s functional status.
Peri-procedural management of bleeding risks in critical care patients: A local audit and national survey
Authors: Hibbs Stephen P , McKechnie Stuart , Little Mark , Uberoi Raman , Desborough Michael J
Published: December 2014

Estimation of bleeding risk in critical care patients undergoing interventional radiological procedures is frequently made on the basis of blood tests. If these tests are abnormal, fresh frozen plasma and/or platelet transfusions may be given to reduce the risk of bleeding. We performed an audit and national survey of the use of fresh frozen plasma and platelet transfusions prior to interventional radiological procedures. We identified 68 consecutive chest, abdominal or pelvic drain insertions in 54 critical care patients between 2008 and 2011 at a single intensive care unit. Eight (12.3%) patients were transfused fresh frozen plasma prior to drain insertion despite having a prothrombin time below 22 s. One patient with a prothrombin time above this threshold received fresh frozen plasma. One patient received a platelet transfusion, at double dose, despite a platelet count above 50 × 109/l. A national survey of interventional radiologists demonstrated extensive variability in safe thresholds for invasive procedures and usage of fresh frozen plasma. There is a need for further clarification around coagulopathy and interventional radiology in the critical care setting.
Extracellular matrix protein 1 regulates cell proliferation and trastuzumab resistance through activation of epidermal growth factor signaling
Authors: Lee Kyung-min , Nam Keesoo , Oh Sunhwa , Lim Juyeon , Kim Young-Pil , Lee Jong Won , Yu Jong-Han , Ahn Sei-Hyun , Kim Sung-Bae , Noh Dong-Young , Lee Taehoon , Shin Incheol
Published: December 2014

Introduction

Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is a secreted glycoprotein with putative functions in cell proliferation, angiogenesis and differentiation. Expression of ECM1 in several types of carcinoma suggests that it may promote tumor development. In this study, we investigated the role of ECM1 in oncogenic cell signaling in breast cancer, and potential mechanisms for its effects.

Methods

In order to find out the functional role of ECM1, we used the recombinant human ECM1 and viral transduction systems which stably regulated the expression level of ECM1. We examined the effect of ECM1 on cell proliferation and cell signaling in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, tissues and sera of patients with breast cancer were used to confirm the effect of ECM1.

Results

ECM1 protein was increased in trastuzumab-resistant (TR) cells, in association with trastuzumab resistance and cell proliferation. Through physical interaction with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ECM1 potentiated the phosphorylation of EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase upon EGF treatment. Moreover, ECM1-induced galectin-3 cleavage through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 not only improved mucin 1 expression, but also increased EGFR and human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 protein stability as a secondary signaling.

Conclusions

ECM1 has important roles in both cancer development and trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer through activation of EGFR signaling.
Hesiod’s Incorporative Poetics in the Theogony and the Contradictions of Prometheus
Authors: Loney Alexander C.
Published: December 2014

Hesiod and the Theogony ’s protagonist, Zeus, are engaged in parallel programs. They both assimilate and co-opt competing, preexisting forces and material in order to reorganize their respective worlds—theogonic poetry and cosmos. Hesiod’s poetics of incorporation are especially apparent in the story of Prometheus (507–616), where Hesiod synthesizes different strands of Prometheus’ mythic tradition. Seeming contradictions in the narrative are actually signs of Hesiod’s reworking of the story, meant to be perceptible to an audience. Likewise, Zeus’ politics of co-option brings rivals safely into his regime, culminating in his literal incorporation of Metis.
Hesiodic Poetry and Wisdom in Plutarch’s Symposium of the Seven Sages
Authors: Stamatopoulou Zoe
Published: December 2014

This article examines the ambivalent treatment of Hesiod in Plutarch’s Symposium of the Seven Sages . A close examination of the relevant passages (153E–154C, 156D–E, 157E–158B) demonstrates that, while Hesiod’s authority, poetry, and wisdom are acknowledged, they are nonetheless marginalized and deemed of limited importance for the intellectual life of the Sages. The figure of Hesiod thus facilitates the self-definition of the Sages and their circle as an intellectual elite, a group that has appropriated and surpassed the great authoritative figures of the past in its pursuits and accomplishments.
Catullus 60: Lesbia, Medea, Clodia, Scylla
Authors: Hawkins Shane
Published: December 2014

Although Catullus 60 is widely dismissed as an incomplete scrap tacked on to the end of the polymetra, it is a complete and ingenious poem that contains an erudite and punning allusion to Euripides’ Medea , an acrostic and telestic formation, and a Callimachean play on the name Scylla, all of which taken together identify the recipient, Lesbia, as a fellatrix and associate her with the name Metelli . A better appreciation of poem 60 and the thematic cohesion of the final poems of the polymetra, their employment of closural techniques, and indications of structural design modeled on Callimachus and Meleager, show that poem 60 can be read as a devastating farewell to Lesbia and a close to the polymetric collection.
Skeletons in Armor: Silius Italicus’ Punica and the Aeneid ’s Proem
Authors: Landrey Leo
Published: December 2014

The arma virumque theme that this article identifies in the Punica is an important avenue through which to understand the meaning of Silius Italicus’ poem and its author’s relationship with Vergil. The text frequently uses combinations of the Aeneid ’s first two words, arma and vir , to suggest a common literary inheritance from Aeneas among its characters, large and small, Roman and Carthaginian. By pervasively characterizing most participants in the Second Punic War as versions, or poetic refractions, of Aeneas, the poet recasts Rome’s glorious foreign war as a kind of civil war producing criminal corpses. More specifically, characters vie not for national dominance of the Mediterranean but for personal prestige as the most worthy heir to Aeneas. This process reconsiders the Republic’s history, aligns the text with the developments of 69 c.e. , and comments critically on the Roman principate and its foundational literary text, the Aeneid .
Hadrian’s Adoption Speech in Cassius Dio’s Roman History and the Problems of Imperial Succession
Authors: Davenport Caillan , Mallan Christopher
Published: December 2014

The adoption of Antoninus Pius provided Cassius Dio with the opportunity to insert into his narrative a speech delivered by Hadrian justifying the selection of his successor (69.20.1–5). This article examines the content of the speech and its relationship to Dio’s own thoughts on the mechanics of imperial succession expressed elsewhere in the Roman History . It is argued that the speech articulates Dio’s ideal mode of succession, which sees the promotion of a model civilis princeps , while subtly drawing attention to the problems inherent in a system where an emperor chooses his successor. Furthermore, it is suggested that these views may be read as Dio’s hostile reaction to the practices of his own day.
Authority, Critique, and Revision in the Sanskrit Music-Theoretic Tradition: Rereading the Svara-mela-kalānidhi
Authors: Rahaim Matt , Reddy Srinivas , Christensen Lars
Published: December 2014

The influential sixteenth-century Sanskrit treatise Svara-mela-kalānidhi describes a novel system of naming tones, of organizing rāga -s by pitch content, and of reckoning svara -s on 12 fret positions rather than 22 śruti -s. Contrary to its common construal as a sudden rupture in tradition, we highlight the rhetorical means by which the treatise systematically grounds its authority (and that of its ambitious patron, Rāmarāya) in the canon of saṅgīta-śāstra . We also offer a new translation and a new (non-Pythagorean) interpretation of its svayambhu -based tuning system.
Instrumentalizing Tradition?: Three Kayagŭm Musicians in the People’s Republic of China and the Construction of Diasporic Korean Music
Authors: Koo Sunhee
Published: December 2014

Chinese Koreans (Chaoxianzu), residing predominantly in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, are one of 55 minority nationalities in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Pre-PRC Chinese Korean music was largely traditional vocal or Western-style music; since 1949, Chaoxianzu have constructed their own music, using traditional music practices from Korea, re-created along government guidelines on creating a progressive and ethnically distinct minority culture. Focusing on Chaoxianzu kayagŭm music and its musicians, I illustrate the diasporic context in Yanbian as a foundry of hybrid Korean identities, embodying the Chaoxianzu’s unique political and social reality with access to two Koreas and the PRC.
Drum Travel: Ensemble Drumming Traditions on Kikaijima—Cultures, Histories, Islands
Authors: Johnson Henry , Kuwahara Sueo
Published: December 2014

This article discusses ensemble drumming on Kikaijima (Kikai island) in Japan. We apply the metaphor of travel to these drum groups, which reveals how this small island culture is able to sustain, invent, or adopt styles of drumming within the national context as a result of its geographic location, cultural heritage, and island identity. Ethnographic research on Kikaijima revealed a deeply embedded notion of travel, which helps explain how and why Kikaijima’s ensemble drum groups exist on the island today. We use this metaphor with the aim of showing cultural flows in connection with cultures, histories, and islands.
Sounding and Writing a Nepali Public Sphere: The Music and Language of Jhyāure
Authors: Stirr Anna
Published: December 2014

This article examines how the interaction between the oral/aural and written aspects of language and song has shaped a modern Nepali-language public sphere and its uneasy relationship with the politics of difference and inequality in intimate life. To do so, it traces the history of the musical and poetic genre of jhyāure in Nepal and northern India, in music and literature from the early nineteenth century through the present, with a focus on how the demotic values associated with jhyāure and orality/aurality have come to hold a significant place in an idea of Nepali national public space.
Indian Revolutionaries Abroad: Revisiting their silent moments
Authors: Aspengren Henrik Chetan
Published: December 2014

Abstract:
In this article I relate Indian revolutionaries Virendranath Chattopadhyaya’s and Lala Har Dayal’s experiences of exile in Sweden to recent attempts to reformulate perspectives on Indian anti-colonial protest. These attempts have in various ways focused on the global dimension of Indian anti-colonialism, showing how displaced Indian intellectuals and activists connected outside the Subcontinent, to labour for the freedom of India. While appreciating the need for a fresh approach to studies of anti-colonial movements, this article issues a note of caution. Several recent studies treat life in exile as one of connectivity and creativity. In fact, connectivity becomes so important for these studies that it is only when in conversation with others sharing their objective that the views of Indian activists are included. Yet, many exiles lived long periods nearly or actually disconnected from the movement of which they wished to form a part. Such moments of silence are wishfully glossed over in the emerging literature. By way of revisiting Har Dayal and Chattopadhyaya in Sweden, I suggest that periods of silence or disconnection are important, simply because they existed, and formed a decisive part of the reality of exile. By omitting them, one risks romanticising exile, and subjecting experiences of displacement to academic programmatic concerns, however noble the cause.
Uncle Tom in the White Pacific: African-American performances of the “slave sublime” in late-colonial Australasia
Authors: Bellanta Melissa
Published: December 2014

Abstract:
In the late nineteenth century, a number of travelling African-American entertainment troupes gave performances evoking the suffering of slaves to audiences in the British settler colonies of Australia and New Zealand. These performances consisted chiefly of Uncle Tom’s Cabin plays and concerts of so-called jubilee songs. A significant portion of the Australian and New Zealand public responded sentimentally to these performances. In this article, I ask why and how this was possible given that the late 1800s was a period of hardening attitudes towards “Coloured” peoples in this part of the “White Pacific.” Why did so many Australasian settlers respond sentimentally to African-American performances of what Paul Gilroy would call the “slave sublime”? My answer is that sentimentality about African-American suffering in another place and time actually reinforced the hardening of settler attitudes towards Indigenous peoples close to home. In so arguing, I seek to relate the existing literature on “Black cultural forms” to new work on settler colonialism in late-colonial Australasia. I also take issue with those who suggest that sentimental cultural forms were no longer significant in the late 1800s, showing that they continued to play an important social and cultural role.
The Curious Case of Sherlock Hare: Race, class, and mental health in British Burma
Authors: Jacobsen Trude
Published: December 2014

Abstract: In 1891, Sherlock Hare was classified a “criminal lunatic” and removed from British Burma. The exact nature of Hare’s insanity is vague; in the official records of the trial, doctors contradict themselves, spurious witnesses are produced, and evidence of mental illness is flimsy at best. Hare was apparently so convincing in his sane moments that the captain of the Elton allowed him to disembark before reaching the Albert Dock, where asylum officials were waiting to take him into custody. The resulting embarrassment for the British government led to an inquiry into the procedure for European persons deemed criminally insane in the colonies. The story of Sherlock Hare – his arrest, evaluation, incarceration, and subsequent removal to England – reveals not only a great deal about Victorian perspectives toward mental health, but also the relevance of race and class in the treatment of afflicted persons in the colonies. British perspectives toward race and class in the metropole scripted the experience of each person who entered the fledgling apparatus of mental health care in British Burma.
Umbricius’ Farewell Tour
Authors: Moodie Erin
Published: December 2014

Umbricius’ speech, which comprises the majority of Juvenal’s third satire, should be read as the character’s syntaktikon , or farewell speech, to Rome, as it provides a totalizing portrait of the city’s physical and social topography. The theme of fullness, mixture of influences, and the expansion of satire’s generic boundaries allow Juvenal to represent the city, culturally bloated and socially fractured, in verse form while simultaneously reaffirming the genre’s urban nature and illustrating its post-Lucilian decline.
Empiricist Dogs and the Superiority of Philosophy in Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura
Authors: Whitlatch Lisa
Published: December 2014

Lucretius uses hunting in the De Rerum Natura both to craft a model of Epicurean epistemology and to challenge his Roman audience to consider an alternative to traditional animal hunting. Dogs, representing Epicurus, Lucretius, and the reader, follow tracks to knowledge with the help of Ratio and Natura . Nets, on the other hand, are a sign of unnecessary developments that distract from superior lifestyles, and Hercules’ violent deeds are equally unnecessary in modern life. Lucretius’ philosophical and poetic manipulation of hunting encourages active philosophy students rather than a passive audience.
The “ AJP Today” Controversy Revisited
Authors: Adler Eric
Published: December 2014

The autumn 1987 issue of the American Journal of Philology contained a controversial editorial manifesto called “ AJP Today.” Written by Georg Luck, the editor of the journal, “ AJP Today” gave rise to numerous objections, which culminated in an open session to discuss the statement at the 1987 annual meeting of the American Philological Association. Prior accounts of this episode have interpreted it in ideological terms and led classical scholars to believe that it cost Luck his editorship. This article challenges the conventional wisdom, contending that the events in question were less ideological in their origins than is commonly believed. It argues that, though possessing ideological and methodological dimensions, they were rooted in the practical and the pragmatic.
“Now I Know Love”: Hallie Flanagan and Euripides’ Hippolytus
Authors: Walker Suzanne
Published: December 2014

This article chronicles Hallie Flanagan’s 1931 production of Euripides’ Hippolytus at the Vassar Experimental Theatre, situating the production within the history of Greek tragic performances in the United States as well as in the context of Flanagan’s later career. Flanagan strove to present a classical play in an experimental form, deviating from the historical trends of ancient Greek theatrical presentation in the early twentieth-century United States. Her artistic choices with the Hippolytus stand as a particularly striking example of her theatrical philosophies and practices that would be projected across the country upon her appointment as director of the Works Progress Administration’s Federal Theatre Project in 1935.
Olympia and Syracuse, the Polis and Panhellas in the Epinicians for Hieron
Authors: Pitotto Elisabetta
Published: December 2014

This paper investigates, on the one hand, the complex and diverse interlacing between Pindar’s Olympian 1 and Bacchylides’ Epinician 5, and, on the other, the momentous political situation in which the two odes are to be set. The civic issues Hieron had to face in 476 b.c. , in the aftermath of his first Olympic victory, and the relations between Syracuse and the whole Greek world are examined through a detailed analysis of the narrative and rhetorical features distinguishing each poem not only from the other, but also from other epinicians composed for the same patron.
A Sure Uncertainty: On Some Difficulties Using OED Online Data to Establish Shakespearian Coinages
Authors: Shea Ammon
Published: December 2014

Since 1928, when the first full edition was completed, the Oxford English Dictionary has been relied upon by researchers who are interested in ascertaining how many words were first used by Shakespeare. As the only comprehensive historical dictionary in English, the OED can serve an invaluable role in establishing the chronology of many individual words. However, it is not clear that the OED was intended to serve the role of arbiter of lexical coinage. This article is concerned with some of the ways that data from the OED may be misinterpreted when attempting to establish a count of words first used by Shakespeare, as well as the problems that are inherent in any attempting to quantify authorship of specific words.
Johnson’s Editorial Lexicography
Authors: DeMaria Robert
Published: December 2014

In his editions of Sir Thomas Browne’s Christian Morals (1756) and of Roger Ascham’s English Works (1761) Samuel Johnson provided many definitions of words (or particular senses of words) that are absent in his Dictionary of the English Language (1755). These editorial glosses constitute hidden acts of lexicography: they are assembled herewith as addenda to Johnson’s Dictionary . The similarity between Johnson’s editorial glosses and his dictionary definitions suggests that as a lexicographer he was often interpreting contextual usage rather than seeking, like some lexicographers, the general meanings of words.
Cumbrian Lexis in the English Dialect Dictionary : William Nicolson’s Glossarium Brigantinum (1677) in Focus
Authors: Ruano-García Javier
Published: December 2014

This paper examines Cumbrian lexis in Joseph Wright’s English Dialect Dictionary (1898–1905), paying special attention to the contribution of William Nicolson’s largely unnoticed Glossarium Brigantinum (1677). The paper relies on quantitative methods of analysis to determine the proportion of words exemplified by means of Nicolson’s data and to evaluate the treatment Wright gave to them. It first presents an overview of the source materials for Wright’s dictionary, with a focus on early and Cumbrian documents. It then describes Nicolson’s glossary and Mackenzie E. C. Walcott’s abridged edition of it issued in 1868, the edition Wright used for the dictionary. Finally, relying on information retrieved from the EDD Online , it presents the results of the analysis. The argument is made that, although Wright referred to the Glossarium Brigantinum as a source for the dialect of Cumberland, the actual use he made of it demonstrates that it also proved useful with regard to Westmoreland.
The Dictionary Society of North America: A History of the Early Years (Part I)
Authors: Adams Michael
Published: December 2014

The present article—in two parts, of which this is the first—is a history of DSNA’s infancy and youth, thus also a chapter in the history of the language sciences more generally, as well as a contribution to the sociology of organizations. It begins with a revealing controversy over the society’s name and thus the society’s identity, and proceeds to outline the intellectual context that made establishment of a North American society for all matters lexicographical and lexicological both desirable and possible. After that prehistory, the first part of the article ends with an account of the founding of that very society. The second part will describe DSNA’s membership, leadership, and varied activities from 1977 to 1989, the first “period” of the society’s history.
Thirty-four Years of Dictionaries
Authors: Jost David
Published: December 2014

This overview of thirty-four years of Dictionaries: Journal of The Dictionary Society of North America is arranged topically largely by the features of dictionaries. Scope, sources, headwords, defining, pronunciation, etymology, usage, synonyms, and art are covered in such a way that the articles and reviews that pertain to these topics are distributed among them. The overview also apportions articles and reviews among the topics of technology, audience, personnel, and lexicography as a subject. The article serves as an annotated index to the journal’s rich content to help readers discover and rediscover these riches and stimulate further research.
Community Engagement in the Revised Chamorro–English Dictionary
Authors: Chung Sandra , Rechebei Elizabeth Diaz
Published: December 2014

Chamorro, an Austronesian language spoken in the Mariana Islands, is both the language of Micronesia with the largest number of speakers and one of Micronesia’s two most endangered languages. This note describes the community effort in progress in the US Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) to preserve the language by revising the 1975 Chamorro–English Dictionary .
Statistical Methods for Identifying Local Dialectal Terms from GPS-Tagged Documents
Authors: Cook Paul , Han Bo , Baldwin Timothy
Published: December 2014

Corpora of documents whose metadata includes GPS coordinates have recently become widely available through online social media such as Twitter. This has created opportunities for statistical corpus methods that describe the geographical spread of words, but such techniques do not appear to be widely used in corpus linguistics and lexicography. This paper presents several methods for describing the spread of a set of points, corresponding to documents containing a given word and applies the methods to a corpus of GPS-tagged tweets from Twitter. In experiments on known regionalisms, we show that these methods could be used to help identify such expressions. We analyze the words in the corpus identified as having the most geographically restricted usage and identify some expressions that appear to be previously undocumented regionalisms with highly localized usage.
Before Ladies and Gentlewomen Were Unskillful: Honorific Invocations of Learned Women in Early Modern Bilingual Dictionaries
Authors: Russell Lindsay Rose
Published: December 2014

Lexicographical histories often remember Cawdrey’s (1604) Table Alphabeticall , addressed to ladies, gentlewomen, or any other vnskilfull persons , as inaugurating a practice common among early modern English dictionaries; Bullokar, Cockeram, Blount, and Kersey are all understood to have similarly addressed their earliest dictionaries to uneducated female readers. This article questions such scholarly explanations as reliant upon homogenization of the diverse educations and capacities of early modern women as well as simplification of women’s various participations in early modern lexicography. Drawing on principles from feminist historiography, this article proposes an alternative approach to understanding women’s involvements and explores the material and rhetorical support offered by the four women invoked in the bilingual lexicons of Palsgrave, DuWés, and Florio. These skillful women actively inspired, encouraged, shaped, circulated, and otherwise sponsored English-language lexicographical projects that credited women as catalysts to dictionary making, celebrated women’s linguistic competencies, depended upon women’s linguistic reputations to exemplify dictionary content, and relied on women patrons to sponsor dictionary projects. This history of dictionaries that honored the women they named is both a necessary pair to considerations of dictionary titles that conflated women with ignorant audiences and a relevant tradition of dictionaries not just educating ignorant publics but commending linguistically savvy individuals.
New English–Irish Dictionary
Authors: Mianáin Pádraig Ó , Convery Cathal
Published: December 2014

The New English–Irish Dictionary ( NEID ) was launched online in 2013 < www.focloir.ie >. It is the first major English–Irish dictionary since 1959. By July 2014 the NEID contained over 21,000 headwords and 75,000 sense units, along with sound and grammar files for much of the Irish content. It is being published incrementally online, with new content and revisions being uploaded at regular intervals until the end of 2015, by which stage it will have approximately 40,000 headwords and 130,000 sense units. A print version of NEID is to be published in 2016.
Revolutionizing La Regenta : Parodic Transformation and Cinematic Innovation in Oviedo Express
Authors: Willem Linda M.
Published: December 2014

Applying Linda Hutcheon’s concept of parody as “an integrated structural modeling process of revising, replaying, inventing, and ‘trans-contextualizing’ previous works of art,” this article explores how film director Gonzalo Suárez incorporates the following source material into his 2007 comedy Oviedo Express : Leopoldo Alas’s La Regenta as well as Suárez’s own 1974 film adaptation of the novel and Fernando Méndez-Leite’s 1995 made-for-television adaptation of it; Stefan Zweig’s story “Angst” and Roberto Rossellini’s film Non credo più all’amore (La paura) based on it; and J. B. Priestley’s play Music at Night . After announcing his parodic enterprise with a quote from Priestley, Suárez skillfully intertwines the plots of Alas’s novel, Zweig’s story, and Rossellini’s film while forging intertextual and extratextual connections among the characters and real-life actors present in the previous literary, cinematic, and televised versions of La Regenta . In so doing he refashions one of the classics of nineteenth-century Spanish Realism according to his own artistic genre of acción-ficción in order to create a new type of filmmaking that challenges prevailing cinematic assumptions of quality.
Reflections of Oneself: Reconciling Identity in Carmen Laforet’s Al volver la esquina
Authors: Del Mastro Mark P.
Published: December 2014

The Spanish author Carmen Laforet is recognized almost exclusively for her first and seminal novel Nada published in 1945. However, her posthumous Al volver la esquina (2004), the last of her five novels, is an indispensable example of the author’s achievement as a psychological novelist. Yet ten years following its release, this book still remains widely overlooked. Aimed at bolstering the merit of Al volver la esquina as an essential component of Laforet’s contributions as a psychological novelist, this article examines the protagonist Martín’s identity search as developed through his extended self-reflection via images prompted by memory, the mirror, and cinema.
Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words? Using Images to Create a Concreteness Effect for Abstract Words: Evidence from Beginning L2 Learners of Spanish
Authors: Farley Andrew , Pahom Olga , Ramonda Kris
Published: December 2014

This study examines the lexical representation and recall of abstract words by beginning L2 learners of Spanish in the light of the predictions of the dual coding theory (Paivio 1971; Paivio and Desrochers 1980). Ninety-seven learners (forty-four males and fifty-three females) were randomly placed in the picture or non-picture group and taught twelve concrete and twelve abstract words they did not previously know. Subjects performed a recall task on an immediate and a delayed posttest. The results showed that associating abstract words with pictures had a significant effect on their recall on the immediate posttest, but no such effect was found on the delayed posttest. The results suggest that associating abstract lexical items with pictures has a significant effect on memory representation and recall in the short term. The findings also support the predictions of the dual coding theory and show that a concreteness effect can be created for abstract words by associating them with visual images.
Actos peatonales, actos de consumo: La queerificación del espacio en La estrategia de Chochueca de Rita Indiana Hernández
Authors: Palacios Rita M.
Published: December 2014

Este estudio examina la creación de espacios queer en La estrategia de Chochueca (2003) de la escritora dominicana Rita Indiana Hernández. En mi análisis arguyo que Silvia, la protagonista de la novela, traza la transformación de ciertos espacios con sus movimientos de paseante y demuestra el papel primor-dial que tienen sus actividades de consumo. Además, planteo que la transformación urbana, lejos de ser un esfuerzo colectivo organizado y definido, proviene de los intereses individuales e individualistas de los miembros del grupo al cual pertenece Silvia: estos, libres de una postura política, se rigen por un móvil hedonista el cual no cancela la necesidad de un espacio propio, físico y social, de las minorías sexuales dominicanas presentes en la novela.
Espacios vitales e identidad: Un millón de luces de Clara Sánchez
Authors: Méndez María Francisca Paredes
Published: December 2014

Este artículo analiza el valor simbólico del espacio en Un millón de luces , quinta novela de Clara Sánchez. La trama de la novela se centra en los personajes que habitan la Torre de Cristal, una torre de oficinas en el centro financiero de Madrid. En la novela, la Torre se convierte en un espacio metafórico que encarna las energías que gobiernan la economía global postindustrial. Esta obra de Sánchez ilustra el efecto que estos edificios—“no-lugares” si seguimos la terminología de Marc Augé—y el sistema económico que abanderan tienen en la humanidad de los seres que los habitan.
Meaning-based Scoring: A Systemic Functional Linguistics Model for Automated Test Tasks
Authors: Gleason Jesse
Published: December 2014

Communicative approaches to language teaching that emphasize the importance of speaking (e.g., task-based language teaching) require innovative and evidence-based means of assessing oral language. Nonetheless, research has yet to produce an adequate assessment model for oral language (Chun 2006; Downey et al. 2008). Limited by automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology, which compares non-native speaker discourse to native-like discourse, most tests exclusively focus on accuracy while ignoring how examinees use language to make meaning. In order to offer stakeholders more trustworthy evidence of how examinees might use language in target language domains, a model anchored in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) is put forth. Specific examples are given of how SFL might be used to evaluate test task types, such as the story retell. Three examinees’ responses are contrasted using genre analysis (Derewianka 1990) and transitivity analysis (Ravelli 2000) in order to demonstrate elements in their linguistic profiles that ASR-based assessment would overlook. In so doing, implications are drawn regarding the potential of SFL models for enhancing automated scoring procedures by focusing on the meaning-form relations in the linguistic construction of narrative.
Trotsky, Eisenstein y Las Hurdes : Dialécticas políticas en el cine de Luis Buñuel
Authors: Seguín Bécquer
Published: December 2014

El siguiente ensayo da cuenta del modo en el que una variedad de textos críticos sobre la película buñueliana Las Hurdes: Tierra sin pan , ha intentado distinguirla de una determinada interpretación política. Bajo esta operación teórica, la crítica opta por una interpretación políticamente correcta que sitúa al director dentro del problemático campo que une al humanismo con el nihilismo. Es precisamente esta una interpretación contra la cual el mismo Buñuel había luchado toda su carrera. Explorando nuevas constelaciones y trazando viajes de manera novedosa, este ensayo discute las asunciones de la corriente académica que delimita la política de Buñuel, matizando su visión comunista y morigerando su crítica profunda de instituciones tales como la iglesia católica. También se incluye en este ensayo un intento de releer el cine de Buñuel, y en particular Las Hurdes , a través del prisma de la teoría fílmica de Eisenstein, exponiendo otra manera de interpretar dialécticamente los “choques” que se dan entre las tomas. Añadiendo otro giro hegeliano a la interpretación de críticos como Sobchack, podemos entender la manera en la que el propio Buñuel usó la teoría de Eisenstein para realizar su cine, conjugando elementos comunistas e innovadores.
Tales from the Crypt: The Reemergence of Chile’s Political Memory
Authors: Friedman Mary Lusky
Published: December 2014

Chilean novelists born during the 1970s who experienced as children the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet are reappraising how the dictatorship may have harmed its second-generation survivors. Initially most of these writers ignored politics, focusing instead on blighted intimate relationships, and those few who did explore the aftereffects of repression dealt with private mourning and intrapsychic distress. However, three important novels published in the last five years blame Chile’s apolitical, privatizing stance for helping undermine the human relationships of their authors’ generation. Av. 10 de julio Huamachuco (2007) by Nona Fernández, Estrellas muertas (2010) by Álvaro Bisama, and Formas de volver a casa (2011) by Alejandro Zambra contrast with two explicitly political novels written several years earlier by members of same generation: Andrea Jeftanovic’s Escenario de guerra (2000) and Nicolás Poblete’s Réplicas (2003). By tracing changes in a lexicon of tropes that all five writers share, I detect a shift from portraying psychic pain to reviving the political activism of Chile in the 1980s and acknowledging in the public sphere the dictatorship’s crimes.
Interview with Greg Girard
Authors: Wasserstrom Jeffrey , Girard Greg
Published: December 2014

In this interview, historian Jeffrey Wasserstrom, who has spent time in Shanghai in different periods of the recent past and published extensively on the city, poses questions to Greg Girard, focusing on the acclaimed photographer’s book Phantom Shanghai (2007). The issues explored include what it is that makes the city special, the photographer’s experiences in Shanghai, and the way the book project evolved.
Photo Essay: Phantom Shanghai
Authors: Girard Greg
Published: December 2014

Photographer Greg Girard first visited Shanghai in 1983 and found a city much as he imagined it must have looked, on its surface at least, on the eve of Mao Zedong’s victory in 1949. In 1992, Deng Xiaoping decreed that Shanghai should “catch up.” Girard moved to Shanghai in 1998 and found what this catching-up looked like: an early twentieth-century city disappearing as a twenty-first-century city was rising from its rubble. In addition to the obvious contrasts of this moment, it seemed to Girard equally if not more important to show what this vanishing Shanghai looked like from the inside.
The Fortunes of Natural Man: Robinson Crusoe, Political Economy, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Authors: Whyte Jessica
Published: December 2014

Reflecting on the drafting of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Lebanese UN delegate Charles Malik noted that what was at stake was “the determination of the nature of man.” Perhaps surprisingly, this debate revolved around the figure who epitomizes the myth of “natural man”: Robinson Crusoe. This article situates this debate in the context of Karl Marx’s critique of those political economists who had previously used Robinson Crusoe to naturalize new, historically specific, capitalist social and economic relations. In opposition to this naturalizing move, I suggest that close attention to the debates that preceded the UDHR allow us to resist the utilization of the language of human rights to make the possessive individualism of contemporary neoliberal capitalism appear eternal.
Interpreting the Rise of International “Advocacy”
Authors: Siméant Johanna
Published: December 2014

How did advocacy become a core term in the vocabulary of international rights? Examining how the term is used, the reasons for its success, and the practices it designates constitutes a useful tool for analyzing certain transformations underway in the world known as “international civil society.” The style of promoting causes and interests, and the legitimate forms of speaking out for international and local NGOs that advocacy implies, has a consequence: the higher cost of criticism for those who do not have the necessary resources to commit to this format.
From Helsinki to Human Rights Watch: How an American Cold War Monitoring Group Became an International Human Rights Institution
Authors: Slezkine Peter
Published: December 2014

Human Rights Watch was first founded in 1978 as the U.S. Helsinki Watch Committee, an organization modeled after a domestic human rights monitoring group formed by a collection of Moscow dissidents. HRW’s current “global” mandate is the result of a gradual shift away from a model of legitimacy based on country-specific committees monitoring domestic compliance with international norms to one based on a more supranational human rights regime. Throughout, the organization’s connection to the United States has been both a challenge to overcome and a strength to build on. It is no accident that the U.S. Helsinki Watch Committee, alone of the various Helsinki monitoring groups, can now lay claim to international status.
Art, Clinical Moral Perception, and the Moral Psychology of Healthcare Professionalism
Authors: Rentmeester Christy A. , Severson Susie
Published: December 2014

This essay describes an example of how we—one professor of the elective course Art, Medicine, and Clinical Moral Perception at Creighton University School of Medicine, one Director of Adult Programs at the Joslyn Museum of Art in Omaha, Nebraska, and fourth year medical students—practice perception skills using art objects. This essay presents one example of the journal assignments to which students respond in written narratives about their own perception habits. We also share questions any health professions educator can use to guide students’ study of their habits of perception using art objects.
My Spirit Honors Your Spirit
Authors: Bakanas Erin
Published: December 2014

This issue gathers narratives written by health care providers from diverse religious backgrounds about the interplay between their faith and their clinical care. Three strong themes emerge. One is the value of the virtue of humility in providing effective, compassionate care. A second is the need to establish relationships grounded in trust and good communication especially when working in end of life care. The third theme is the importance of moral courage when working with patients who are facing difficult diagnoses and decisions. Spirituality in the clinical encounter can allow for providers and patients to acknowledge the holy in each other.
Holy Transgressions: Breaching the Wall between Public Religion and Patient Care
Authors: Curlin Farr A.
Published: December 2014

The stories in this collection can be described as stories of transgression. The writers have learned that public expressions of religious faith or reasoning are to be kept separate from the practices of caring for patients. Mixing the two is dangerous. Yet, as the stories indicate, many health practitioners cannot help themselves: their religion comes through, shaping their encounters with patients in all manner of ways. Religion comes through not as a distraction from medicine but as integral to their efforts to care well for their patients.