bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Only if She Shows Her Face: Canadian Media Portrayals of the Niqab Ban during Citizenship Ceremonies
Authors: Thomas Jasmine
Published: June 2015

On 12 December 2011, the Canadian government banned the niqab in citizenship ceremonies. Now women who wear full-face veils are required to remove them while they swear their citizenship oath to Canada. This paper examines the veiling debate in the media during the weeks following the Canadian ban of the niqab during citizenship ceremonies. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, I assess the dominant perspectives contained in 80 Canadian newspaper articles and governmental news releases focused upon the December announcement of the ban. I argue that banning the niqab during citizenship ceremonies is detrimental to Muslim women because those who wear the full-face veil may now be reluctant to obtain citizenship. Moreover, based upon the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms , this event illustrates how Canada only incorporates cultural practices perceived as congruent with mainstream expectations of minority and immigrant integration. Le 12 décembre 2011, le gouvernement canadien a interdit le port du nigab pendant les cérémonies de citoyenneté. Actuellement, les femmes qui se voilent intégralement le visage sont tenues de les enlever afin de prêter leur serment de citoyenneté au Canada. Ce papier examine les débats sur le port du voile dans les médias au cours des semaines qui ont suivi l’interdiction du nigab pendant les cérémonies de citoyenneté. En utilisant l’analyse critique du discours, j’évalue les perspectives dominantes contenues dans 80 articles de journaux canadiens et les communiqués de presses gouvernementales, axés sur l’annonce de l’interdiction de décembre. Je postule que l’interdiction du nigab lors des cérémonies de citoyenneté est préjudiciable aux femmes musulmanes, parce que celles qui portent le voile intégral pourraient devenir réticentes à l’obtention de la citoyenneté. En plus, selon la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés , cet évènement illustre comment le Canada n’incorpore que les cultures perçues comment en harmonie avec les attentes courantes de la minorité et l’intégration des immigrants.
Vulnerable Islands: Climate Change, Tectonic Change, and Changing Livelihoods in the Western Pacific
Authors: Connell John
Published: June 2015

Small Pacific islands, especially atolls, have been widely argued to be in the forefront of climate change. Recent degradation of island environments has primarily been attributed to the impact of sea-level rise. However, physical changes to several small islands can be linked to a range of physical influences and to human modification. La Niña events, cyclones, and wind waves have caused localized flooding and storm damage. Most atoll islands have not significantly changed in size, as deposition balances erosion. Many islands have experienced broadly similar environmental problems in earlier times, at different scales, and over different time periods, now accentuated by human pressures on scarce land areas and resources. Local human factors (including construction and mining), tectonic subsidence, and La Niña events have created some iconic sites that have become symbols of sea-level rise, sometimes erroneously attributed solely to global warming. Limited economic prospects in most small islands, rising expectations, and growing populations have contributed to a culture of migration, marked by international migration and urbanization, that has diversified impoverished livelihoods, extended island geographies, and resulted in accentuated population concentrations. Contemporary climate change exacerbates present environmental changes, stimulates further migration, and points to diasporic futures.
The Development of Ulysses In Print, 1918–22
Authors: Hutton Clare
Published: June 2015

This article explores the ways in which the text of James Joyce’s Ulysses developed in its transition from serialization in the US periodical, the Little Review (1918–1920), to the finished book edition published in Paris in 1922. It explores the scope of Joyce’s revisions to the text, and shows how Joyce revised some episodes of the text far more heavily than others. It argues that the serial text of Ulysses is worthy of sustained critical attention, and points to the way in which Joyce’s intentions for the final work were modified in response to the changing conditions under which Ulysses was being written, published, and read.
‘Me. And me now’: Writing About a Life with Ulysses
Authors: Groden Michael
Published: June 2015

Why did Ulysses attract me so powerfully when I first read it as a nineteenyear- old, and why has its appeal remained so strong in the more than 45 years since then? In this essay, and in the book-length memoir it is based on, I try to answer these questions. As a scholar, I’ve often attempted to recreate Joyce’s novel in progress via its rough drafts, but I can’t begin to answer my questions about Ulysses ’s strong appeal to me without opening the door on my own privacy to look at the rough drafts of myself in progress as well. I consider various aspects of my first reading of the novel and of my discovery of Joyce’s manuscripts and pay particular attention to the significance of imagination and memory in both Ulysses and my own life.
A Note on Joyce and the Irish Language
Authors: McCrea Barry
Published: June 2015

This article argues that, while Joyce was not a supporter of language revival in Ireland, he recognized a kinship with the utopian longings and modernist energies that subconsciously subtended the language movement. The essay makes conjectures about the extent to which Irish as a native vernacular was a psychological presence in Edwardian Dublin, speculating that many Dubliners, including people close to Joyce, must have had at least lingering memories of native Irish-speaking relatives or servants, a kind of Irish in contrast to some extent with the nationalist emblem being taught and learnt in Gaelic League classes across the city. The central claim of the essay is that certain strains of thought and feeling in the Gaelic revival movement — a longing for a more authentic language in which the soul might express itself, the ideal of a lost, more perfect language which might be recreated — chimed closely with many of Joyce’s own modernist ideas. The Irish language revival movement was thus not a conservative and provincial counter-current to metropolitan European modernism, but one expression of impulses and yearnings held in common with avant-garde writers in the early twentieth century.
‘Altman the Saltman’ and Joyce’s Dublin: New Research on Irish-Jewish influences in Ulysses
Authors: Davison Neil R. , O’Connor Vincent Altman , O’Connor Yvonne Altman
Published: June 2015

This article examines the life and politics of Albert L. Altman (1854?–1903), a Jewish Dubliner, prominent salt merchant, and member of the Dublin Corporation Council during Joyce’s final years in the city from 1901–3. As the Usher’s Quay Ward representative, Altman became widely known through the local press as a left-leaning advanced nationalist who, along with MPs William Field and J.P. Nannetti, represented a labour-minded faction of the Irish Parliamentary Party during the era. The essay explores Altman’s political ties and actions, and offers several figures, affiliations, and common locales in Dublin as points of contact between the Altman and Joyce families. Within that period, it reviews key moments during Altman’s career when he and his brother became the targets of anti-Semitic slurs. In its second movement, the article turns to analyzing key passages in Ulysses that gain new implications surrounding how Bloom’s Irish-Jewishness operates when viewed through the lens of Altman’s politics. Specifically, the ‘Cyclops’, ‘Circe’, and ‘Eumaeus’ episodes are treated to new readings that further reveal Joyce’s sensitivity to Irish Jewry through his awareness of one of the City’s most newsworthy Jewish Dubliners. The piece opens new vistas on Joyce’s knowledge of Dubliner Jewry and Jewish political issues in Ireland as opposed to the more widely held assumption that the author became conscious of these only during his first residence in Trieste and on the Continent in general.
Joyce’s Shadow Vision
Authors: Spurr David
Published: June 2015

The shadowy world of Finnegans Wake represents the final stage of a gathering darkness, the beginnings of which can be traced back to Joyce’s first work of fiction. The shadows that darken his fictional universe in all of his major works are the conditions of an entire range of things ill seen, through errors of visual interpretation, limited perception, irreducible ambiguity, gross distortion, and outright misrecognition. However, these scenes of darkness are the occasions for Joyce’s passage from the known to the unknown, from the visible to the invisible world, where another kind of vision becomes possible. The many instances of visual failure in Joyce should be understood not merely as a series of errors, but rather as a continual interrogation of the logic of error and of its possible redemption in the form of discovery.
How Greek is Ephrem’s Syriac?: Ephrem’s Commentary on Genesis as a Case Study
Authors: Monnickendam Yifat
Published: June 2015

Ephrem’s Commentary on Genesis is commonly used as a basis for studies focusing on the influence of Jewish traditions on Ephrem, and the unique Semitic character of Syriac Christianity. In recent years, however, new studies re-emphasize the importance of Greco-Roman languages and literature on the study of Syriac Christianity, and the study of Ephrem’s literature in particular. Scholars ask whether fourth-century Syriac Christianity was truly “purely Semitic,” and whether Ephrem was really unacquainted with any Greco-Roman Christian theology and practice, or the Greek language. As a result, they draw a hybrid picture of Syriac Christianity in the fourth century, influenced by both Semitic and Greek literary and linguistic heritage. This paper focuses on two examples from Ephrem’s Commentary on Genesis , in which Ephrem cites exegetical comments discussing the core issues of Christian theology. These comments were originally written in Greek, but their transmission into Syriac led Ephrem to obscure and enigmatic adaptations, thus revealing his lack of knowledge of Greek, yet his acquaintance with the Greco-Roman Christian theology. These adaptations, therefore, nuance Ephrem’s commitment to Greco-Roman Christianity. While he was committed to post-Nicene Christian theology and cited its claims, the linguistic gap between Ephrem and contemporary Greco-Roman Christian theologians, did not allow him to adapt their theological stances properly.
The Early Christian Reception of Genesis 18: From Theophany to Trinitarian Symbolism
Authors: Bucur Bogdan G.
Published: June 2015

The reception history of the theophany in Genesis 18 records a transition from the christological interpretation of the passage, widespread in earlier centuries, to a Trinitarian reading, dominant after the fifth century. This exegetical shift occurred first in doctrinal and exegetical writings, and only significantly later in hymnography and iconography. The current scholarly concepts fail to distinguish properly between the various types of exegesis involved in each of these cases, and obscure the importance of the earliest and most enduring Christian exegesis of Old Testament theophanies.
Scottish Witchcraft in a Regional and Northern European Context: The Northern Highlands, 1563–1660
Authors: Brochard Thomas
Published: June 2015

The article uses a multi-angle framework to investigate cases of witchcraft in Scotland’s northern shires between 1563 and 1660, comparing it with other mostly northern European regions. The comparatively low incidence of witchcraft accusations in these areas can be accounted for by an array of factors: a certain socio-cultural tolerance combined with the partial establishment of institutional structures and with the alternative form of judicial settlements and a greater concern for social cohesion in a society still mostly defined by kinship. The curtailment of witchcraft depended on this association of structures, actors, and on socio-economic, cultural, and religious factors acting on the localities modified by chronological and geographical variations.
Provincializing European Witchcraft: Thoughts on Peter Geschiere’s Latest Synthesis
Authors: Bailey Michael D.
Published: June 2015

This review essay offers a reaction to Peter Geschiere’s Witchcraft, Intimacy and Trust. Geschiere’s book argues hat witchcraft is essentially about the paradox that the group of people with whom we are most intimate (neighbors and kin) has, by virtue of its intimacy, tremendous power and a potentially dangerous hold over us. The remedy for this paradox is trust; when trust fails, witchcraft appears. While Geschiere’s study is primarily grounded in African witchcraft, the present essay considers the possibilities these ideas may hold for the study of witchcraft phenomena on a global scale, both historically and sociology, in other parts of the world, and especially for those who focus on Western Europe
Wordsworth after Milton: Paradise Lost and Regained in “Nutting”
Authors: Fallon Stephen M.
Published: June 2015

In “Nutting,” which is comprised of a tissue of allusions to Paradise Lost , William Wordsworth carries on a sustained though enigmatic conversation with his great predecessor John Milton. The speaker in the poem describes a recollected boyhood episode of raiding a bower of hazel trees in terms borrowed from Milton’s descriptions of the tempter Satan and the tempted Eve and Adam. Wordsworth rewrites and internalizes in a compressed lyric space the drama played out in Paradise Lost , choosing a narrative in which the individual falls without external provocation, as both ravager and ravaged. Attention to the Miltonic elements in “Nutting” suggests, pace Harold Bloom, that, far from experiencing an “anxiety of influence” as he contemplates Milton, Wordsworth finds the example of Milton uniquely enabling, to the extent that assimilation of Milton’s poetry becomes for Wordsworth a condition of writing poetry. What Wordsworth inherits from Milton is, the essay argues, a deep balance of delight and sadness, of joy and sorrow, a balance arising from the sense that the world in which we live is at once a place of exile from paradise and a paradisal home.
Nicotine Cosmopolitanism: From Italo Svevo’s Trieste to Art Spiegelman’s New York
Authors: Clapp Jeffrey
Published: June 2015

Cosmopolitanism need not always be a duty, an identity, or a condition; it can just as easily be a moment or a memory, an experience that can vanish in a puff of smoke. This article explores the surprisingly similar ways that Zeno’s Conscience (1923) by Italo Svevo, and In the Shadow of No Towers (2004) by Art Spiegelman, imaginatively reframe cosmopolitanism through the figure of cigarette smoking. In particular, it expands attention to No Towers the discourse of trauma and connects the new graphic canon to a canonical work of literary modernism. The chain-smoking figures at the center of these two texts give us an image of the cosmopolitan which is reducible neither to the enlightenment ideal of the supranational liberal citizen, nor to its contemporary idiom, the fluid and flexible post-identitarian subject. Instead, both writers use cigarette smoking to delineate an apt cosmopolitan resident for two cities on the verge of being transformed by warlike nationalisms. Where Svevo uses nicotine addiction to connect his twitchy protagonist to prewar Trieste, Spiegelman insistently, but ironically accumulates forms of memory and identity around smoking, from his image as human and as “Maus,” to the smoke of the ovens at Auschwitz, to the burning of the Towers themselves. But this work of belonging is interrupted in No Towers the New York City smoking ban, which displaces an apoplectic Spiegelman from his briefly “rooted” cosmopolitanism. Ultimately, this article explores an unlikely seam of detail, and a consistent image of the cosmopolitan, which persists across the borders between twentieth century and the twenty-first, between the modern and the postmodern, and between the First World War and the War on Terror.
The Translator’s Impossible Task: Variations on Walter Benjamin
Authors: Sandbank Shimon
Published: June 2015

This is an attempt to elucidate Walter Benjamin’s enigmatic essay “The Translator’s Task,” followed by an analysis of two approaches to its meaning: the philological-historical, represented by Peter Szondi, and the deconstructionist, applied by Paul de Man and Barbara Johnson. In spite of the radical difference between the two, they are surprisingly shown to meet in their final assessment of Benjamin’s intended meaning.
Complicity in Dystopia: Failures of Witnessing in China Miéville’s The City and the City and Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go
Authors: Stacy Ivan
Published: June 2015

This article examines failures of witnessing in China Mieville’s The City and the City and Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go . It begins by outlining models of witnessing posited by psychoanalyst Dori Laub noting that his conception of witnessing relies upon an ‘imperative to tell’ and on the assumption of good faith between teller and listener. The article argues that, in Mieville’s and Ishiguro’s fictions, this imperative is absent, and the resulting failures of witnessing on the part of the protagonists create their complicity in the dystopian systems represented. The failures to bear witness to the atrocities committed by the regimes in these novels stem from failures to see and acknowledge the visible evidence of atrocity, due to its normalization. The protagonists also fail to construct the narratives that would attest to these atrocities, preferring to perpetuate comforting rumours and forms of unreliable knowledge, often as the result of a desire for empathy with the group of which they are a part. The article concludes that this empathy becomes a troubling virtue: the act of reading itself, in that it involves a degree of identification with the narrator, may cause us to repeat the same failures of the witnessing as the protagonists.
A Renaissance for Comics Studies: Early English Prints and the Comics Canon
Authors: Thomas Evan
Published: June 2015

This paper argues that the term “comics” can and should be used to refer to prints from early modern England. We have ample reason to shift the starting date for comics to at least the seventeenth century, if not earlier, within the English-speaking world. The invention of print stimulated the creation, adoption, and codification of elements of the comics form. Print also changed the quantity and quality of social encounters with the comics form. Readings from “A true discourse. Declaring the damnable life and death of one Stubbe Peeter” and The Triumphs of God’s Revenge Against the Crying and Execrable Sinne of Murther demonstrate that scholars of the comics canon must turn their attention to the early modern English print.
The Sovereign and the Saint: Francisco Ayala’s Critique of the Baroque in Context
Authors: Heffernan Julián Jiménez
Published: June 2015

The aim of this article is to place Francisco Ayala's collection of short stories Los usurpadores (1944) in a context of interpretation that brings to light its juridico-political underpinning. This context is a sociological field of speculation where the critique of the baroque championed by Walter Benjamin, T. S. Eliot, and Ayala unfolds under the auspices of the German jurist Carl Schmitt. By focusing on the role of community, sovereignty, emergency, and decision in stories like “San Juan de Dios” and “El hechizado,” this article establishes a new connection between Ayala's fiction, his political theory, and his reading of Spanish baroque writers like Saavedra Fajardo, Cervantes, Calderón, and Quevedo. This connection reveals both the rationalism and the sustained anti-essentialism that shape Ayala's literary and critical production.
César Moro: Exile and the Poetic Imagination
Authors: Nicholson Melanie
Published: June 2015

This article examines the work of the twentieth-century Peruvian poet César Moro within the parameters of what Edward Said, Amy Kaminsky, and others have called the literature of exile. Moro (1903–56) may not fit conventional notions of the intellectual or artistic exile in that the time he spent living abroad (in France and later in Mexico) was limited and largely voluntary. However, as many critics have noted, Moro perpetually inhabited a space of multiple marginalities, not least of which was his situation as a homosexual whose “scandalous” life was at odds with the rigid society of Lima in which he came of age. I begin by showing that Moro's “exile” should not be considered an anomaly but rather as part of a pattern that marked the intellectual life of Lima (and many other Latin American capitals) in the period from the early 1920s through the 1940s. I situate Moro within this milieu of discontent and desire, and then examine the peculiarities of his own exilic situation. Through an analysis of certain key passages in Moro's poetry and poetic prose, I show that he responded to the fact of estrangement with a defiant insistence on the powers of the poetic imagination, by means of which his work interrogates not only assumptions about gender, nationality, and cultural authenticity, but also the very notion of selfhood. The only conception of self that Moro is ultimately willing to accept—and even exalt—is that of the poet.
Poised at the Threatening Edge: Feeling the Future in Medieval Last Judgment Performances
Authors: Stevenson Jill
Published: June 2015

The persistent interest in the Apocalypse suggests a compelling human desire to see and seek The End. Throughout history, Christian communities have used live performance to fulfill that desire, with Last Judgment plays from the Middle Ages supplying rich examples of this tradition. These medieval performances provide opportunities to build on current scholarship on fear, while also expanding how Christian End Times plays are understood as sites for emotional production. Various scholars have discussed the ways in which medieval plays depicting Christ’s Passion may have been used to cultivate compassion, pity, or empathy, usually through the visual and material presence of Christ. Alternatively, Last Judgment plays may reveal a dramaturgical mode—a dramaturgy of threat —in which the power of absence was used to provoke a different feeling and, in doing so, to construct a specific kind of emotional community. This essay argues that producers of medieval Last Judgment plays used this dramaturgy of threat to foster anxiety that would leave all spectators, regardless of social status, feeling vulnerable to the reality of the End. Moreover, although this dramaturgical approach is perhaps most evident in Christian End Times performances, it may also have applications in other contexts where the goal of a performance is similarly to bring a prewritten future into felt reality.
Party over outsiders, centre over branch: how ANC dominance works at the community level in South Africa
Authors: Piper Laurence , Anciano Fiona
Published: June 2015

Common to most accounts of South African electoral politics is some version of voter loyalty or party identification. In contrast to arguments that focus on voter behaviour, although less common, are views that point to the reinforcement of voter choice through the relationship of the African National Congress (ANC) and party-state to key civil society and business allies. This article explores this party capture of political organisation at the crucial, and yet understudied, level of the local community or settlement. Drawing on case-study work in Cape Town and Johannesburg, it is demonstrated how the attempted dominance of political society over civil society at national level is reproduced at the most local of levels through a combination of ideological and instrumental factors. Key to the former is the idea of the ANC’s entitlement to rule implied by liberation nationalism. Key to the latter are the forms of patronage politics enabled by the ‘party-state’, where it exists. The result is the representational privileging of political actors over civil society actors, and the party ‘centre’ over branches. Notably, the attempt to construct the local ‘party-society’ is always partial and often weak, not least due to governance failures of various kinds. This leads to periodic crises and popular protest, but the party dominance of representational choice means that new leaders often emerge in the name of the ANC and its allies rather than against it.
Introduction: Understanding the ANC at sub-national level
Authors: Butler Anthony , Southall Roger
Published: June 2015

The political entrenchment of the African National Congress (ANC) as the ruling party in South Africa over the last two decades has given rise to an extensive literature focussing upon negative internal trends such as factionalism, the manipulation of internal electoral processes, the pursuit of individual wealth, internal disorder, and increasing tensions within the tripartite alliance. Such trends, along with growing levels of popular protest, suggest a decline in the party’s legitimacy and long term prospects. Such organisational deterioration has occasioned an extensive reflective literature, yet there has been little detailed research into how the ANC operates on the ground. Overwhelmingly, predominant paradigms - of the ANC as a national liberation movement; as a party that has fallen victim to neo-patrimonialism; as a dominant party; and as a vehicle of neo-liberal capitalism - are all illuminating, yet simultaneously entrench key weaknesses in analysis, focussing upon over-arching narratives rather than encouraging careful analysis of causal practices. Much of this flows from the fact that academic analysts lack practical and intuitive knowledge of the ANC’s institutional life, complexity and informal networks. The present collection seeks to correct that balance by presenting a set of papers which focus upon the dynamics of the ANC at sub-national level, pointing the way to a more critical engagement with party processes than is usually presented.
The politics of numbers: national membership growth and subnational power competition in the African National Congress
Authors: Butler Anthony
Published: June 2015

The ANC has experienced rapid membership growth in recent years. This paper explores competing explanations for this growth, and concludes that subnational political competition and national factional conflicts, rather than deliberate membership recruitment campaigns, have been the primary drivers of increased numbers. The paper goes on to assess the implications of this dynamic of membership change for party organisational challenges.
Zuma, Malema and the provinces: factional conflict within the African National Congress
Authors: Cooper Ian
Published: June 2015

In 2012, the African National Congress (ANC) held its fifty-third national conference at Mangaung. After months of scandal, speculation was rife that president Zuma would be unseated by his deputy, Kgalema Motlanthe. Yet the ANC leader triumphed at Mangaung, taking three-quarters of the vote. This article assesses the extent to which Zuma’s victory can be used to explore the changing character of ANC factionalism. Three developments are analysed. First, Zuma’s faction has evolved significantly since its victory over president Mbeki in 2007, losing support on the left but gaining ground within the Eastern Cape province. Second, Motlanthe’s candidacy demonstrated the extent to which ANC structures have been gripped by a ‘spirit of rebellion’. And, finally, fraud, skulduggery and violence, alongside increased recourse to the courts, raise serious questions about the credibility of the ANC’s candidate selection processes.
Provinces as bulwarks: centrifugal forces within the ANC
Authors: Atkinson Doreen
Published: June 2015

This paper traces the evolution of provincial government in South Africa from the constitutional compromise between the ANC and National Party in 1994. During the last 20 years, the constitutional provision ensuring an ‘equitable share’ of fiscal resources to the provinces has created patronage relationships at that level. Because this fiscal system is not linked to performance, there are few incentives to promote effective financial management at provincial level. Furthermore, legislative oversight of public spending in the provinces is relatively weak, due to ANC structures acting as a ‘shadow government’, influencing government appointments and expenditures. Increasingly, provincial ANC elites act as king-makers at national level. There is little interest in expanding provincial powers, functions, or policy-making discretion. Provincialism in South Africa is a product of fiscal flows and political interests, and not of any federalist ideology. This creates an inexorable centrifugal dynamic. Nevertheless, there are increasingly effective administrative oversight mechanisms within key agencies such as the presidency and the Public Service Commission, which constrain this centrifugal momentum, creating a system in tension with itself.
Size–Dependent Active Effect of Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots on Luminol–Potassium Periodate Chemiluminescence System for Levodopa Detection
Authors: Wang Jianbo , Cui Lijuan , Han Suqin , Hao Fang
Published: June 2015

It was found that cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) with different sizes can have a great sensitizing effect on chemiluminescence (CL) emission from luminal–potassium periodate (KIO4) system. Levodopa, a widely prescribed drug in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, could inhibit luminal–KIO4–CdTe QDs CL reaction in alkaline solution. The inhibited CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of levodopa in the range from 8.0 nM to 10.0 μM. The detection limit was 3.8 nM. This method has been successfully applied to determine levodopa in pharmaceutical preparation and human urine and plasma samples with recoveries of 94.1–105.4%. This was the first work for inhibition effect determination of levodopa using a QD-based CL method.
Spectrometric Imaging of Polarization Colors and Its Application in Forensic Fiber Analysis
Authors: van Oijen Theo A.H. , van der Weerd Jaap
Published: June 2015

A hyperspectral imaging instrument analyzing fibers between crossed polarizers spectrometrically is presented. The principle of operation is introduced and illustrated briefly by the theory of polarization and birefingence and calculations based on Stokes parameters and Müller matrices. Afterward, the developed instrumentation and results are detailed. Results obtained by the calculations and developed instrumentation indicate that the retardance of birefringent materials can be calculated over a high range and with a high accuracy. In addition, the spatial resolution of the instrument suffices to analyze different regions within a fiber individually. This allows the selection of a region at the center of an analyzed fiber that is shown to provide an optimal signal. The developed software enables analysis of the polarization color and the “normal”, i.e., absorptive color of the sample individually. These features make possible a preliminary identification of fibers, without isolation of the fiber from a microscope slide. The instrument forms a powerful new approach to automated analyses in forensic fiber evidence, as it can establish analyses of morphology, color, and identity of a set of samples in a high-throughput, automated, and objective way.
Moving through change
Authors: Østern (PhD) Tone Pernille , Øyen (BA) Elen
Published: June 2015

In this article the authors scrutinize their own experiences of dance improvisation with differently bodied dancers and seek to connect this experience to embodied transformative learning. As dance teachers and teacher educators they are concerned that the possibilities and values embedded in embodied learning are only minimally understood in schools and teacher education in Norway, where they work. Embodied transformative learning enables students and teachers to experience new sensations and understandings of themselves as individuals and as members of a community. They can gain insight into the capabilities of others and understand the potential for different and unique students to become dancers and choreographers. These discoveries made in dance improvisation connect to critical and transformative pedagogy as well as to politics.
Conversations with Hantaï: Didi-Huberman, Damisch, Rouan, Nancy
Authors: Armstrong Philip , Lisbon Laura
Published: June 2015

This series of translations offer recent engagements with Simon Hantaï’s work in France for the first time to an English-speaking audience. They include a text by Hantaï himself as well as texts on, and letters to Hantaï by Georges Didi-Huberman, Hubert Damisch, François Rouan and Jean-Luc Nancy. Representative of the wide-ranging conversations, dialogues and exchanges Hantaï entertained with philosophers, art historians and other artists, the translations reveal the extent to which Hantaï’s method of folding can be understood in philosophical, historical and theoretical terms.
Simon Hantaï: Round table discussion
Authors: Finch Mick
Published: June 2015

The objective of the round table was to open up a discussion around Simon Hantaï’s work with questions that are specifically from a non-French position. Isabelle Monod-Fontaine, as one of the three curators of the 2013 Centre Pompidou exhibition and François Rouan, as both a friend and a younger painter, offer intimate perspectives on Hantaï’s life and work. The discussions look at key issues in both the production and the reception of Hantaï’s painting. The relationship between method and process is opened up as a key distinction, against the background of American art and painting. Hantaï’s withdrawal from the studio and his uneasy relationship to the art world are also discussed.
Éric de Chassey on Simon Hantaï
Authors: Finch Mick
Published: June 2015

This is a transcript of an interview with Éric de Chassey conducted by Mick Finch on the occasion of the Simon Hantaï exhibition curated by de Chassey at the Villa Médici in Rome between the 12 February to 11 May 2014. De Chassey is Professor of Art History at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Lyons and has, since 2009, been the Director of the French Academy in Rome, the Villa Medici. The Villa Medici exhibition took place after the major Hantaï exhibition at the Centre Pompidou in 2013 for which de Chassey had contributed an catalogue essay on Hantaï’s silkscreen work. The interview discusses the context of the Villa Medici exhibition and particuarly the way Hantaï’s latter years were represented. The interview took place at the Villa Medici on Sunday 11 May 2014.
Reivews
Authors: Hays Dan , Martins Central Saint , Hjelde Katrine , Bristow Maxine , Morley Simon , Hebson Nadia
Published: June 2015

‘John Timberlake: We Are History’, Beaconsfield, London, 28 June–30 August 2014

‘An Appetite for Painting. Contemporary Painting 2000–2014’, Museum of Contemporary Art, Oslo, Norway, 12 September 2014–4 January 2015

‘Nasreen Mohamedi’, Tate Liverpool, 6 June–5 October 2014

‘The Art of Dansaekhwa’, Kukje Gallery, Seoul, 28 August–19 October 2014

‘Christina Ramberg’, 42 Carlton Place, Glasgow, 4–21 April 2014
Use of Psychoactive Substances and Health Consequences After Withdrawal in the Adolescence Group
Authors: Czarnecki Damian , Zujewska Agnieszka , Ziółkowski Marcin
Published: June 2015

Introduction. The use of psychoactive substances is an important factor of higher risk of health complications and deficits in social functioning of children and adolescents. It is a problem regarding not only particular individuals or families but it also constitutes, in further perspective, a serious social-economic problem.Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the type and frequency of using psychoactive substances as well as psychics and somatic consequences after withdrawal from psychoactive substances use in high school students groups.Material and Methods. The research was carried out in the group of 100 students from a secondary school in Toruń (61 female students, aged 18,2±0,4 and 39 male students aged 18,1±0,3). Our own questionnaire was applied and the questions included referred to socio-demographic variables, to the use psycho-active substances and the symptoms after withdrawal from them, as well as the CAGE scale for the purpose of assessing the risk of addiction to alcohol and marijuana (the modified version of the scale).Results. It has been observed that the psychoactive substances most frequently used in groups of students (female and male) included: alcohol drinks (88% vs. 79%), caffeine (75% vs. 61%), nicotine (almost 51% vs. 36%), marijuana (39% vs. 43%), hashish (almost 10% vs. 5%), “boosters” (8% vs. 10%), amphetamine (3% vs. 13%) and others. The suicidal inclinations were observed in 4,9% of female students. Probably 5% of female and from 5 to 7% of male students experienced the psychotic symptoms (hallucinations and delusions) after withdrawing from the use of psychoactive substances.Conclusions. The legal psychoactive substance most frequently used was ethyl alcohol (risk of addiction in groups: 37% of female and 23% male students) whereas the illegal substance was marihuana (risk of addiction was proved in groups: 18% of female and 35% of male students). The most important complications following the withdrawal from the use of psychoactive substances included suicidal behavior and psychotic symptoms (hallucinations and the feeling of being observed) correlated with amphetamine use. (JNNN 2014;3(3):100–106)
Head Injuries in Children — Quantitative and Qualitative analysis of Cases Regarding Children
Authors: Radlica Dorota , Krzemińska Sylwia , Borodzicz-Cedro Adriana , Arendarczyk Marta
Published: June 2015

Introduction. With the development of civilization, there has been an increase of the percentage of head injuries cases in children. Head injuries are currently the third reason for the death of children under one year of age and first among older children.Aim. The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative analysis of head injuries among children admitted to the Hospital Emergency Ward in Trzebnica in 2010 as well as determination of factors, contributing to head injuries among children.Material and Methods. The statistical analysis regarded head injuries in children aged 0–18 which were reported to the Hospital Emergency Ward in Trzebnica within the period from January to December 2010. The total number of injuries reported was 315 and involved 118 girls and 197 boys.Results. The reason for accidents which resulted in children’s injuries were most often falls from height (27.0%), falls on the same level (24.4%) and hitting an object (21.6%). The reason for an accident is conditioned on the child’s age. The most common reason for injuries in children under 13 is a fall from height (30.8%) or a fall on the same level (28.5%). The accidents took place mainly during the day and in the summer period. In most cases in all age groups damage to epicrenium happened with children under 6 years of age.Conclusions. Head injuries are associated with age. They more often occur in the youngest group from 0 to 3 years as well as in the group from 13 to 18 years of age. With young children the main reasons are most commonly falls from height as well as falls on the same level. There has been observed an increase of head injuries during the holiday period. (JNNN 2014;3(3):121–128)
Neuropsychological Bases for the Introduction of Changes to the Classification of Sexual Disorders
Authors: Rogala Dorota , Mazur Aleksandra
Published: June 2015

This paper aims to compare and contrast proposed American Psychiatric Association website DSM 5 definitions of sexual dysfunctions with that of ICD-10 — F52 and explains the rationale for making changes. All the DSM classifications until present time based definitions of sexual dysfunctions on expert opinions that were not supported by sufficient clinical or epidemiological data. Additionally, included vague terms such as satisfactory, soon after, rapid, short, minimal, recurrent and persistent which were not precise and difficult to interpret. Showed male and female sexual dysfunctions on the same continuum based on unified sexual response cycles.The fifth version of the APA’s classification was released in May 2013. The DSM-5 merged female desire and arousal diagnosis into one entity defined as female sexual interest and arousal disorders, vaginisimus and dyspareunia as genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, deleted sexual aversion, the diagnostic classification separated for men and women. DSM attempted to operationalize the diagnostic criteria and avoided vague terms. It is also expected to introduce changes in the classification of disorders in ICD-10. (JNNN 2014;3(3):136–141)
HORMONE MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES: Tracing lipid metabolism: the value of stable isotopes
Authors: Umpleby A Margot
Published: June 2015

Labelling molecules with stable isotopes to create tracers has become a gold-standard method to study the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins in humans. There are a range of techniques which use stable isotopes to measure fatty acid flux and oxidation, hepatic fatty synthesis, cholesterol absorption and synthesis and lipoprotein metabolism in humans. Stable isotope tracers are safe to use, enabling repeated studies to be undertaken and allowing studies to be undertaken in children and pregnant women. This review provides details of the most appropriate tracers to use, the techniques which have been developed and validated for measuring different aspects of lipid metabolism and some of the limitations of the methodology.
Evaluation of petroleum based horticulture oil for the management of the tea red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae Neitner (Acarina: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Roy S. , Rahman A. , Barua A. , Bora F. R. , Handique G. , Pujari D.
Published: June 2015

The Servo agro spray oil (petroleum based horticulture oil) was evaluated in the laboratory against tea red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae to determine its effect on adult mortality, viability of eggs, oviposition deterrence and repellent properties. The same was also evaluated in the field to determine its effect on mite population. Direct spray method was used in the laboratory at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%. Mortality of O. coffeae was both concentration and time dependent. Deposition of eggs by adult mites on treated leaf surfaces decreased significantly and the viability of eggs was also significantly reduced. In addition, different concentrations of the Servo agro spray also exhibited repellent properties against adult mites. In the field Servo agro spray oil significantly reduced the mite population and its bio-efficacy was comparable to that of the synthetic pesticide (propargite 57 EC). No phytotoxic effect was observed when tea bushes were sprayed with different doses of Servo agro spray. Tea samples were taint free. Quality (appearance of liquor, flavour, taint and taste) of made tea was not adversely affected by treatments with Servo agro spray oil. Therefore Servo agro spray oil may be a potential agent to be used in the sustainable management of tea red spider mite.
Efficacy of wild medicinal plant extracts against predominant seed-borne fungi of broad bean cultivars
Authors: Baka Z. A. M.
Published: June 2015

Seed samples of four Egyptian broad bean cultivars were tested for seed-borne fungi. The deep freezing method was used to isolate twelve seed-borne fungi viz., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Botrytis fabae, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani,, Penicillium italicum, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer, Stemphylium globuliferum and Trichothecium roseum from the broad bean cultivars viz., Giza 3, Giza 429, Giza 843 and Misr 1. Aspergillus flavus, Botrytis fabae, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium italicum were the most predominant fungal species. Aqueous extracts from five wild medicinal plants (Asclepias sinaica, Farsetia aegyptia, Hypericum sinaicum, Phagnalon sinaicum, and Salvia aegyptiaca) which were collected from the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt were tested against the predominant fungal pathogens. All the aqueous plant extracts significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of these fungi, but the extract of Asclepias sinaica exhibited the strongest antifungal activity. The maximum seed germination rate was observed in infested Giza 843 and minimum in Misr 1. Treating seeds with plant extract of Asclepias sinaica (10%) enhanced the percentage of seed germination of all cultivars in both laboratory and pot experiments. Maximum root and shoot lengths of seedlings were recorded in Giza 843 during fungal infestation or treatment by plant extract. In greenhouse experiment, the aqueous A. sinaica extract reduced disease severity and total pigments but increased total phenolics and fruit yield.
Economic impact of dissemination of management strategies for sucking insect pests on transgenic cotton in Punjab, India
Authors: Chandi R. S. , Kumar V. , Dhawan A. K. , Saini S.
Published: June 2015

Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for the management of sucking insect pests were disseminated in 36 villages of three districts of Punjab during 2008 to 2010. Adoption of IPM strategies led to reduction in the population of jassid, whitefly and mealybug in IPM villages. Mean population of jassid was 0.62 and 1.60 nymphs per three leaves, whitefly 1.11 and 2.53 adults per three leaves and mealybug 0.53 and 1.03 per 2.5 cm of central shoot in IPM and non-IPM villages, respectively. Mean population of spiders, chrysoperla, coccinellids and predatory bugs was 0.65, 0.13, 0.15 and 0.04 in IPM villages and 0.29, 0.09, 0.06 and 0.00 per plant in non-IPM villages, respectively. IPM strategies resulted in the 47.69 and 50.56 per cent reduction in number of spray and cost of spray in IPM villages over non-IPM villages. The average cost of cultivation was Rs. 21324 ha−1 in IPM villages, as compared to non-IPM villages (Rs. 23774.67 ha−1). Average seed cotton yield in IPM villages was 2333 kg ha−1 in comparison to non-IPM villages (1959.67 kg ha−1) and average net return in IPM villages was Rs. 57194 ha−1, which was Rs. 15709 more than non-IPM villages.
Human Brown Adipose Tissue: What We Have Learned So Far
Authors: Betz Matthias J. , Enerbäck Sven
Published: June 2015

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a unique tissue that is able to convert chemical energy directly into heat when activated by the sympathetic nervous system. While initially believed to be of relevance only in human newborns and infants, research during recent years provided unequivocal evidence of active BAT in human adults. Moreover, it has become clear that BAT plays an important role in insulin sensitivity in rodents and humans. This has opened the possibility for exciting new therapies for obesity and diabetes. This review summarizes the current state of research with a special focus on recent advances regarding BAT and insulin resistance in human adults. Additionally, we provide an outlook on possible future therapeutic uses of BAT in the treatment of obesity and diabetes.