bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Study of the Vulval Dermatology Clinic Population Over a 4-Year Period and Development of a National Vulval Disease Database
Authors: de Brito Marianne , Kirby Lisa , Lomas Kate , Javed Aysha , Owen Caroline , Simpson Rosalind
Published: October 2024

Background

Vulval disease significantly impacts quality of life but is historically under-researched. The epidemiology and aetiology of many vulval conditions is unclear. Data to optimise patient care are lacking.

Objectives

To describe the population attending a specialist vulval dermatology clinic and achieve consensus amongst vulval experts on data items to be collected for a future national vulval database.

Methods

This descriptive cross-sectional study analysed data that was prospectively collected during clinical contact with consecutive new patients at a vulval dermatology clinic over 4 years.

A two-stage electronic-Delphi survey was performed with British vulval experts. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement on items for inclusion.

Results

The database included 424 (including 29 paediatric) patients. Most patients were White British (71%), with a significant Asian population (13%). Long symptom duration (9.5% > 10 years) and multiple diagnoses, up to 4, were common. Exploratory associations were identified between irritant contact dermatitis and urinary and faecal incontinence, frequent vulval washing and lichen simplex, urinary incontinence and lichen sclerosus and a negative association between candidiasis and age.

Following two rounds of the electronic-Delphi survey, consensus was achieved for 18 items that 28 participants agreed were important for a future database.

Conclusions

We report disease incidence, patient pathways, outcome measures and potential associations. Though not generalisable, this large UK-based study could inform future projects to improve patient care and support ongoing research, such as a national vulval disease database, for which we also achieve expert consensus on the most valuable items to include.
Therapeutic Potential of Aryl Sulfonamides: Synthesis, Antiproliferative, Antioxidant, Antiparasitic and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Tambat Nazia , Tambe Pranav , Sheikh Kounsar N. , Shaikh Amin , Saleh Khaled M. , AlSakhen Mai F. , Kanaan Sana I. , Al Nasr Ibrahim S. , Koko Waleed S. , Khan Tariq A. , Schobert Rainer , Biersack Bernhard , Tahtamouni Lubna H. , Ahmed Khursheed
Published: October 2024

This study outlines the synthesis of pyrazine sulfonamides (3 a–3 i) along with halo‐phenyl derivatives (4 a–4 j and 5 a–5 e). The antiproliferative effects were tested against MCF‐7 breast cancer, and colon carcinoma HT‐29, HCT‐116 WT, and HCT‐116 p53 knock‐out mutant cell lines. Compounds 3 b and 3 c were notably active against HCT‐116 WT cells, while 3 e and 3 h were moderately effective against MCF‐7 cells. Among the halo‐phenyl sulfonamides, 4e and 4j were active against MCF‐7 cells, and 5 b was active against HCT‐116 WT cells. The most promising compounds were evaluated against non‐tumorigenic cells, demonstrating cancer selectivity. Compounds 3 b, 3 c, 3 e, 3 h, and 5 b showed dose‐dependent inhibition of colony formation. Compound 3 f exhibited free radical scavenging activity comparable to ascorbic acid. Molecular docking revealed strong binding to thymidylate synthase (3 b, 5 b), Akt‐3 protein kinase (3 e, 3 h, 4 e, 4 j), and tyrosinase (3 f, 3 h). The compounds also exhibited antiparasitic activity against Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania major, with modifications enhancing selectivity for T. gondii. Substitutions in compounds 4 b and 4 d increased activity against T. gondii while reducing toxicity. Notably, compound 4 f emerged as a T. gondii‐selective lead drug. These findings suggest sulfonamides may help treat complex diseases like cancer and infections.
Solar Selectivity of Silver Nanoparticles Modified Copper Oxide Nanocomposite Thin Films Prepared by Facile Chemical Oxidation Method
Authors: Vijay Arasu Inbasekaran , Suresh Santhanakrishnan , Kathiresan Karuppiah , Pugazhenthiran Nalandhiran , Awad Alahmadi Tahani , Rameshkumar Perumal , Karthick Kumar Senthuran , Muthuchelian Krishnaswamy
Published: October 2024

Silver nanoparticles modified copper oxide nanocomposite thin films (Ag‐CuO NC TFs) and pristine CuO TF were successfully synthesized on copper substrates using a chemical oxidation route. X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) characterization of Ag‐CuO NC TFs revealed the formation of monoclinic crystal structured CuO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a star‐like grain morphology of the Ag‐CuO NC TFs. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis ascertained the presence of anticipated elements without impurities. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) investigation confirmed the presence of Ag NPs on CuO in the Ag‐CuO NC TFs. Raman spectroscopy examination indicated the presence of a spinel structure with vibrational and tetrahedral sites. UV‐Vis‐NIR reflectance analysis demonstrated that Ag‐CuO NC TFs with 2.0 wt.% Ag NPs exhibited solar absorptance of 72.39 %, thermal emittance of 4.3 %, and a highest solar selectivity of 16.83 among the prepared thin films. These results suggest that the Ag‐CuO NC TFs could be promising candidates for use as solar selective absorbers in solar thermal energy conversion devices.
Application of Ni‐Based MOFs Catalyst in Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Benzylamine
Authors: Nguyen Oanh Thi Kim , Tran Huy Duc Hoang , Van Huynh Tien , Nguyen Vinh Huu , Ha Hiep Quang
Published: October 2024

Nanoparticles made of porous coordination polymers, known as metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), are becoming increasingly popular in nanomaterials research, especially in catalytic applications. With their intricate architectures, MOFs make it possible to incorporate metal nodes, encapsulate substrates, and use functional linkers, all of which contribute to synergistic engineering. A Ni‐based metal‐organic framework sample was prepared by the solvothermal method with NiCl2.6H2O as a precursor of Ni metal and terephthalic (H2BDC) acid as a linker. The as‐synthesized NiBDC was verified by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. Based on these findings, we applied the as‐synthesized NiBDC to the oxidative coupling reaction of benzylamine. The results revealed that with NiBDC as a heterogeneous catalyst, the oxidative coupling reaction of benzylamine achieved a performance of 92%. Furthermore, the catalyst maintains good stability after four catalytic cycles, with an efficiency of approximately 82%.
Resveratrol‐Loaded Silver Nanoparticles as an Effective Strategy for Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Topçu Ege , Hepokur Ceylan , Afşin Kariper İ. , Emre Öksüz Kerim , Yaylim İlhan
Published: October 2024

The AgNPs‐Rsvl complex was investigated for its anti‐cancer effects on human breast cancer cell lines. The UV–vis spectrophotometer was used to perform synthesized AgNPs‐Rsvl binding analyses. The size and morphology of the AgNPs were determined by field emission gun‐transmission electron microscopy (FEG‐TEM). The surface chemical signatures of AgNPs nanocomposites were assessed using FT‐IR spectroscopy, and the zeta potential (ζ potential) of various AgNPs colloids was measured using the Zetasizer Nano ZS analyzer. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the XTT method and cell apoptosis was analyzed using the AnnexinV‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/PI method. The effects of resveratrol were evaluated on human breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7). As a result of flow cytometry, a decrease in viability was observed in the MDA‐MB‐231 cells, and an increase in early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and necrotic values was observed. Resveratrol arrests the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase but when used with AgNPs, the cell cycle arrests at the S phase. The combination of resveratrol and AgNPs exhibited a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, with MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells being the most sensitive to AgNPs‐Rsvl. Resveratrol and AgNPs arrested the cell cycle and increased apoptosis, indicating their potential use in breast cancer treatment.
Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐Based Polymer Binders for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries: From Structure to Properties
Authors: Zhong Liu , Sun Yongrong , Shen Kuangyu , Li Fayong , Liu Hailu , Sun Luyi , Xie Dong
Published: October 2024

Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and its derivatives have emerged as promising candidates for enhancing the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) as binder materials. Recent research has focused on evaluating their ability to improve adhesion with silicon (Si) particles and facilitate ion transport while maintaining electrode integrity. Various strategies, including mixing modifications and copolymerization methods, are highlighted and the structural and physicochemical properties of these binders are examined. Additionally, the interaction mechanisms between PAA‐based binders and active materials and their impact on key electrochemical properties such as initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and cycle stability are discussed. The findings underscore the efficacy of tailored PAA‐based binders in enhancing the electrochemical properties of LIBs, offering insights into the design principles and practical implications for advanced battery materials. These advancements hold promise for developing high‐performance lithium batteries capable of meeting future energy storage demands.
Sustainable Processing of Ultralow‐Cost Petroleum Cokes Into Ultrastable Self‐Doped Fe3C@CNT Catalysts for High‐Efficiency HER
Authors: Zhu Fei , Li Shijie , Bu Xudong , Ge Jianbang , Song Wei‐Li , Wang Mingyong , Jiao Shuqiang
Published: October 2024

Petroleum cokes are largely used as low‐cost anodes in aluminum industries and general fuels in cement industries, where large amounts of CO2 are generated. To reduce CO2 release, it is challenging to develop green strategies for processing abundant petroleum cokes into high‐value products, because there are abundant hetero‐atoms in petroleum cokes. To overcome such issues, a sustainable electrochemical approach is proposed to convert ultralow‐cost high sulfur petroleum coke and iron powders into high‐efficiency catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). During molten‐salt electrolysis, raw petroleum cokes are converted into CNTs via heteroatom removal and the catalytic effect of Fe, forming Fe3C nanoparticles on the sulfur and nitrogen co‐dopped carbon nanotubes (Fe3C@S, N‐CNTs). The electrochemical reaction analysis using the continuum model suggested that the rate‐determining step referred to the slow transport of mobile ions inside the porous cathode. Because the self‐doped S and N atoms massively alleviated the energy barrier for H* absorption and H2 desorption (i.e., promoting HER kinetics), the as‐prepared Fe3C@S, N‐CNTs exhibited low overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2 in acidic (96 mV) and alkaline (106 mV) solutions with ultralong‐term duration (200 h). This study offers a sustainable approach to convert ultralow‐cost petroleum cokes into ultrastable catalysts for high‐efficiency HER.
Two α‐SiO2‐Related Deep‐Ultraviolet Phase‐Matchable Optical Nonlinear Beryllium Silicate Crystals Na2BeSiO4 and Li2BeSiO4 with Enhanced SHG Effect
Authors: Chen Yi‐Gang , Jiang Xingxing , Lv Hong‐Xiao , Mei Dajiang , Zhang Xia , Guo Yao , Lin Zheshuai , Zhang Xian‐Ming
Published: October 2024

Deep‐UV, (wavelength λ < 200 nm) nonlinear‐optical (NLO) silicate crystals have long been troubled by weak second‐harmonic‐generation (SHG) effect and common non‐phase‐matchability, leading to the stagnation of silicate research, despite abundant reserves of silicates on the earth. Representative and simple α‐SiO2 is an ideal structural prototype toward improving silicate NLO performance by exploring efficient strategies. Herein, through two‐step structural modulations based on fundamental “distortion and superposition” principles of NLO response, two deep‐UV NLO crystals taking α‐SiO2 as a structural template, Na2BeSiO4 and Li2BeSiO4, are synthesized successively. By providing flexible coordination BeO4 tetrahedra for rigid tetrahedral SiO4 that induces distortion of SiO4, Na2BeSiO4 achieves significant enhancement of phase‐matchable SHG effect of 15 × α‐SiO2. Further, by introducing a low coordination number of Li+ cations that stimulates uniform orientation of SiO4, Li2BeSiO4 exhibits the strongest phase‐matchable SHG effect as large as 40 × α‐SiO2 among the universal SiO4‐governed NLO silicates. Also, computational investigations support the rationality of the structural modulations well. Such efficient structural modulations can greatly promote the exploration and rational design of NLO silicates.
Bulk Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporated with Conjugated Polyfluorenes
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Xiyao , Cao Zikun , Shen Lening , Sawwan Hussain , Wang He , Gong Xiong
Published: October 2024

Ambipolar transport characteristics of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) enable both hole and electron to be transported simultaneously in perovskite solar cells (PSCs); however, unbalanced charge transport is a fundamental limitation in boosting power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. Compared to the PSCs with either n–i–p or p–i–n device structures, bulk heterojunction (BHJ) PSCs, inspired by organic photovoltaics, are recognized as superior for balancing charge transport and maximizing interface interactions. This study reports high‐performance BHJ PSCs, where the BHJ composites are composted with the n‐type MHPs mixed with the p‐type conjugated polyfluorenes. In the systematic studies, it is indicated that a small amount of conjugated polyfluorenes component can boost the crystallinity and grain size of the MHP thin film. Moreover, BHJ composite thin films possess boosted charge carrier mobility and a tendency of balanced charge transport and suppress both radiative and non‐radiative charge carrier recombinations. Most importantly, an efficient photoinduced charge transport within the BHJ composite thin film boosts photocurrent. As a result, the PSCs based on the n‐type MHPs:p‐type conjugated polyfluorenes BHJ composite thin film exhibit 23.46% of PCE and boost stability. The results demonstrate a facial method to approach high‐performance PSCs.
Best practices in creating partnerships for transformative engaged learning experiences at a small, liberal arts, Lasallian institution
Authors: Dempsey Sarah Beth , Diaz Adeline , Giordano Samantha
Published: October 2024

All undergraduate students at Saint Mary's College of California, a small, private institution, are required to complete an engaged learning (EL) course or experience for graduation. This graduation requirement was established to provide students with the opportunity to learn in and from the community; an important value from the principles of the Liberal Arts and Catholic Lasallian traditions that inform the College's pedagogy. The social justice and community engagement center on campus called the Catholic Institute for Lasallian Social Action (CILSA), establishes EL partnerships with nonprofit organizations, school districts, campus departments, and other higher education institutions throughout California for EL courses, internships, place‐based work, and research projects. We value the expertise of our partners and view them as co‐educators in creating transformative learning experiences for nearly 600 students annually. In this article, we will share our process in sustaining community partnerships, our scaffolding engagement efforts, and best practices for collaborating with partners.
Changing institutional culture to change student outcomes: Grant funding, change management, and student success at small institutions
Authors: Lugg Carol , Champagne Angelina , Maldonado Heather
Published: October 2024

Through the lens of change management theory, this article focuses on transforming institutional culture at small institutions through grant opportunities. Federal discretionary grants, such as the Department of Education's Title III, Strengthening Institution Program (SIP), provide financial resources for new initiatives to improve student outcomes. Cultural shifts can be challenging at small institutions, where deep traditions and institutional inertia can create barriers to positive change. Initiative fatigue also can emerge, as staff and faculty carry multiple roles with limited resources while balancing increased grant reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Through an iterative assessment process resourced with grant funding, transformational cultural shifts can be leveraged while meeting grant objectives and establishing lasting change that will strengthen the institution and produce stronger student outcomes.
Constructing Long and Stable Ag‐Al2O3 Core–Shell Nanowires for Humidity Sensing and Triboelectric Energy Generation
Authors: Fan Jiajun , Wan Tao , He Yilin , Liu Chao , Mei Tingting , Kuo Yu‐Chieh , Feng Ziheng , Guan Peiyuan , Lin Chun‐Ho , Li Mengyao , Fu Lin , Tao Mengdie , Lin Tongxi , Han Zhaojun , Tang Jianbo , Xu Yeqing , Wang Caiyun , Zhang Jin , Joshi Rakesh , Chu Dewei
Published: October 2024

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are a promising alternative material to indium tin oxide as flexible transparent electrodes owing to their excellent optoelectrical properties and mechanical performance. However, the main challenge is the poor stability under diverse environments, ranging from high humidity, chemical exposure, and dynamic mechanical deformation. Herein, ultralong AgNWs (≈100 μm) have been synthesized via controlling growth kinetics by a facile acetic acid‐assisted solvothermal method, further decorated with a thin Al2O3 layer by electrodeposition to form a core–shell architecture. The resultant films based on Ag‐Al2O3 core–shell nanowires (NWs) possess a higher conductivity while preserving the optical transparency due to the enhanced NWs contact. More importantly, the constructed films exhibit strong resistance to various conditions, such as exposure to high temperature/humidity and immersion in NaCl, HCl, and Na2S solutions. The laser‐etched interdigital electrodes based on the chemically stable AgNWs are further integrated with graphene oxide layer for humidity sensing and respiration monitoring. Furthermore, the developed NWs with superior mechanical stability are constructed as triboelectric nanogenerators for electricity generation, and reliable output performance has been demonstrated. This work provides a convenient, scalable, and cost‐effective solution that offers great potential for designing robust, transparent electrodes for next‐generation flexible electronics.
Improving the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frame Using an Innovative Metallic Shear Damper
Authors: Alahmari Turki S.
Published: October 2024

Despite the advantages of reinforced concrete (RC) frame, they are susceptible to damages under seismic loading. This is due to the fact that the main elements of the RC frame carry the gravity load in addition to the lateral loading. So imposed seismic energy is dissipated through the two ends of the beam, making the repair of the element complicated due to the gravity load. Although adding concentrically braced frames (CBFs) improves the lateral strength and stiffness, the ductility of the system is reduced. This shortcoming is due to the susceptibility of the diagonal elements to buckling. To do so, in this paper, an innovative metallic damper was investigated numerically and parametrically. The damper compound of the shear plate is surrounded by two HSS sections at two ends. The damper pertains to simplicity of construction and implementation. Also, the required equation to design and prediction of the system is presented. To investigate the behavior of the system, dynamic (to consider its suitable performance against seismic expiation) and static analyses (to determine the structural parameters) were carried out. Results revealed that the HSS section used as flanges for the shear plate not only improves the behavior of the plate but also contributes to resisting the applied load. Also, the reduction of the length to the height ratio of the damper enhances the stiffness and strength and stiffness. Subsequently, the variable Ф was defined as the ratio of the strength of the flanges to the web plate that affects the response of the damper. Although raising the Ф reduced the stiffness and ultimate strength, it is suggested to design dampers with Ф > 2 to achieve suitable overstrength in accordance with economical aspects. Also, time‐history analysis indicated that the proposed damper prevents the buckling of the CBF elements and improves the energy‐dissipating capacity of the system.
A Systematic Literature Review on the Operationalization of Usability in Urban Pluvial Flooding Climate Services and the Influence of Contextual Factors
Authors: Koers Gerben J. , Raaphorst Kevin M. C. , van der Wal Merel M. , Ellen Gerald Jan , Meijerink Sander V.
Published: October 2024

Extreme weather impacts due to climate change, such as urban pluvial flooding, necessitate adaptive measures. To support decision making in climate adaptation, climate services provide information and guidance to policy makers and other stakeholders. Effective use of climate services is prohibited by usability gaps. Some causes for these gaps originate from contextual factors. However, these factors are not well understood within academic literature. Therefore, our systematic review has two research questions: (1) What dimensions of climate service usability are considered in the design and evaluation of their use and how are these operationalized?; and (2) What contextual influences may affect these identified dimensions? To this end, we analyzed 51 articles that cover one or more urban pluvial flooding climate services. Our results show several overarching categories of usability dimensions (functionality, ease of use, reducing time and effort, reliability, matching user needs, and other). However, these dimensions are not always fully operationalized by authors. Furthermore, our results show that most contextual factors originate from the meso level (within or between organizations), and in lesser extent the macro (e.g., national policies) and micro level (individual users). Here especially organizational (e.g., Does the climate service fit organizational work approaches?); and process factors (e.g., Was the climate service co‐produced?) have been shown to affect usability. We conclude that more attention should be given to usability as a concept within the design and evaluation of climate services well as to the influence of contextual influences.
Liver and Let Die? A Retrospective Analysis of Secretarybird Mortality in European Zoos
Authors: Ings Roshan , Brereton James Edward , Dick Graeme
Published: October 2024

The secretarybird (Sagittarius serpentarius) is a threatened African raptor species, and as such requires conservation attention. While the species is managed under a European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) Ex‐situ Programme (EEP), no studies of mortality are currently available. A retrospective mortality project was therefore conducted to identify the most common causes of death in captive secretarybirds, with a view to informing management decisions. Data were collected by requesting the postmortem reports from zoos where secretarybirds had died and combining this with the existing data recorded in the Zoological Information Management System. Overall, 167 birds were recorded as having died within the EEP population, of which post‐mortem information was available for 51 (30.54%) individuals. Trauma was the most common cause of death identified (22 birds, 13.17%), with infection appearing as the second most prevalent cause (15 birds, 8.98%). One incidental finding at postmortem was that many (9) birds showed evidence of liver damage, with reports of bacterial hepatitis, staphylococcal infection, lesions, and dark coloration. Further research into liver complications and diet composition for secretarybirds may therefore have value in reducing mortality. Similarly, investigating strategies to reduce trauma caused by other enclosure occupants or conspecifics may have value in lengthening lifespans for this endangered species.
Variable selection in macroeconomic stress test: a Bayesian quantile regression approach
Authors: Dao Mai , Nguyen Lam
Published: October 2024

The key assumption in stress test scenarios is that selected risk factors are useful in predicting banks’ tail risks under severe economic conditions. We argue that high-dimensional Bayesian quantile regression models with shrinkage priors are ideal for identifying those factors. We illustrate our methods by identifying key drivers for banks with different asset sizes from a high-dimensional database. We found that leverage indicators, asset prices, and labor market measures are the best predictors of banks’ performance. The usefulness of our methods is further demonstrated by a forecast comparison between the selected variables and those used in the regulatory stress tests.
SPINEPS—automatic whole spine segmentation of T2-weighted MR images using a two-phase approach to multi-class semantic and instance segmentation
Authors: Möller Hendrik , Graf Robert , Schmitt Joachim , Keinert Benjamin , Schön Hanna , Atad Matan , Sekuboyina Anjany , Streckenbach Felix , Kofler Florian , Kroencke Thomas , Bette Stefanie , Willich Stefan N. , Keil Thomas , Niendorf Thoralf , Pischon Tobias , Endemann Beate , Menze Bjoern , Rueckert Daniel , Kirschke Jan S.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Introducing SPINEPS, a deep learning method for semantic and instance segmentation of 14 spinal structures (ten vertebra substructures, intervertebral discs, spinal cord, spinal canal, and sacrum) in whole-body sagittal T2-weighted turbo spin echo images.

Material and methods

This local ethics committee-approved study utilized a public dataset (train/test 179/39 subjects, 137 female), a German National Cohort (NAKO) subset (train/test 1412/65 subjects, mean age 53, 694 female), and an in-house dataset (test 10 subjects, mean age 70, 5 female). SPINEPS is a semantic segmentation model, followed by a sliding window approach utilizing a second model to create instance masks from the semantic ones. Segmentation evaluation metrics included the Dice score and average symmetrical surface distance (ASSD). Statistical significance was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

On the public dataset, SPINEPS outperformed a nnUNet baseline on every structure and metric (e.g., an average over vertebra instances: dice 0.933 vs 0.911, p < 0.001, ASSD 0.21 vs 0.435, p < 0.001). SPINEPS trained on automated annotations of the NAKO achieves an average global Dice score of 0.918 on the combined NAKO and in-house test split. Adding the training data from the public dataset outperforms this (average instance-wise Dice score over the vertebra substructures 0.803 vs 0.778, average global Dice score 0.931 vs 0.918).

Conclusion

SPINEPS offers segmentation of 14 spinal structures in T2w sagittal images. It provides a semantic mask and an instance mask separating the vertebrae and intervertebral discs. This is the first publicly available algorithm to enable this segmentation.

Key Points

Question

No publicly available automatic approach can yield semantic and instance segmentation masks for the whole spine (including posterior elements) in T2-weighted sagittal TSE images.

Findings

Segmenting semantically first and then instance-wise outperforms a baseline trained directly on instance segmentation. The developed model produces high-resolution MRI segmentations for the whole spine.

Clinical relevance

This study introduces an automatic approach to whole spine segmentation, including posterior elements, in arbitrary fields of view T2w sagittal MR images, enabling easy biomarker extraction, automatic localization of pathologies and degenerative diseases, and quantifying analyses as downstream research.
STAT trial: stoma or intestinal anastomosis for necrotizing enterocolitis: a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Eaton Simon , Ganji Niloofar , Thyoka Mandela , Shahroor Maher , Zani Augusto , Pleasants-Terashita Hazel , Ghazzaoui Ali El , Sivaraj Jayaram , Loukogeorgakis Stavros , De Coppi Paolo , Montedonico Sandra , Sindjic-Antunovic Sanja , Lukac Marija , Hamill James , Choo Candy Suet Cheng , Nah Shireen Anne , Hulscher Jan , Emil Sherif , Petersen Aigars , Wijnen Rene , Sloots Cornelius , Sigalet David , Kiely Edward , Svensson Jan F. , Wester Tomas , Pierro Agostino
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The STAT trial is a multicenter randomized controlled trial in 12 centers worldwide aiming to determine the most effective operation for neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) requiring intestinal resection: stoma formation (ST) or primary anastomosis (PA).

Methods

Infants having a primary laparotomy for NEC were randomized intraoperatively to PA or ST if the operating surgeon thought that both were viable treatment options for that patient. The primary outcome (duration of parenteral nutrition [PN]) was evaluated by Cox regression.

Results

Eighty patients were recruited from 2010 to 2019. Infants undergoing anastomosis finished PN significantly earlier than patients undergoing stoma (hazard ratio PA vs. ST 2.38, 95% CI 1.36–4.12 p = 0.004). There was no difference in mortality between the two groups (PA 4/35 vs. ST 8/38 p = 0.35) or in the rate of complications requiring further unplanned operations (p = n.s.). Multiple intestinal complications were more frequent in the stoma group compared to the anastomosis group (ST 12/26 vs. PA 5/31, p = 0.02, Fisher’s Exact test).

Conclusion

At laparotomy for NEC, when there is no disease distal to resected intestine, primary anastomosis should be performed as it enhances the recovery from NEC, reduces the risk of multiple intestinal complications and does not increase adverse outcomes.
Novel subharmonic-aided pressure estimation for identifying high-risk esophagogastric varices
Authors: Kuroda Hidekatsu , Abe Tamami , Kamiyama Naohisa , Oguri Takuma , Ito Asami , Nakaya Ippeki , Watanabe Takuya , Abe Hiroaki , Yusa Kenji , Fujiwara Yudai , Sato Hiroki , Suzuki Akiko , Endo Kei , Yoshida Yuichi , Oikawa Takayoshi , Kakisaka Keisuke , Sawara Kei , Miyasaka Akio , Matsumoto Takayuki
Published: October 2024

Background

Subharmonic-aided pressure estimation (SHAPE) is a technique for determining changes in ambient pressure. We aimed to analyze a novel SHAPE integrated into ultrasound diagnostic equipment to predict patients with liver cirrhosis at high risk of esophagogastric varices (EV).

Methods

This prospective study included 111 patients with liver cirrhosis diagnosed between 2020 and 2023. We obtained liver stiffness measurements (LSM) and spleen stiffness measurements (SSM) using shear wave elastography and hepatic vein-portal vein (HV-PV) gradient using the SHAPE method. The EV risk was determined either as null, low, or high by esophagoscopy and Child–Pugh stage.

Results

HV-PV gradient increased concordantly with the increase in EV risk (− 7.0 dB in null-risk, − 4.4 dB in low-risk, and − 2.0 dB in high-risk) with statistically significant difference among any two groups. The most appropriate cut-off value of the HV-PV gradient was − 3.5 dB, and sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 80.0%, 89.0%, 80.0%, and 88.0%, respectively. The areas under the curve values for predicting the high-risk EV were 0.920, 0.843, and 0.824 for the HV-PV gradient, LSM, and SSM, respectively.

Conclusions

The novel SHAPE system demonstrated high accuracy in identifying patients with liver cirrhosis at a high risk of EV.
Expert panel opinion on the optimal educational pathway for diabetes educators for training people with type 1 diabetes on the MiniMed™ 780G system: a Delphi consensus
Authors: Gallen Geraldine , Rosso Alice , Alonso-Carril Núria , Arbeli Sima , Bahon Virginie , Brown Vanessa , Endlich Kerstin , Gulotta Francesca , Hansart Audrey , Jolley Amy , Jussila Rea , Stefanowicz-Bielska Anna , Cardano Paola
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The MiniMed™ 780G system is an advanced insulin pump system incorporating an AHCL (Advanced Hybrid Close Loop) algorithm that automatically adjusts insulin delivery based on glucose levels. All guidelines recommend the use of Automated Insulin Delivery therapy for people with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) and they highlight that a specifically trained and expert team should provide training on HCL systems for PWT1D, but none of the publications detail the curriculum profile that diabetes educators should have. This paper aims to establish a consensus on the optimal educational pathway for diabetes educators on the MiniMed™ 780G system.

Methods

An Expert Panel (EP) of 11 key opinion educators in diabetes technology in the EMEA area was assembled. Using the Delphi method, a consensus questionnaire based on the literature research was created, discussed and validated by the EP members. An agreement level of ≥ 75% was considered a strong consensus.

Results

EP members had on average 16.3 years of clinical experience and followed at least 50 PWT1D using the MiniMed™ 780G system. All EP members agreed that a structured educational pathway to train diabetes educators in the use of the MiniMed™ 780G system is needed. 100% of the EP members agreed that the pathway should include a mentorship programme and in-field training; 90% agreed on using face-to-face training with the support of e-learning modules. The EP members believed that minimum competency standards for diabetes educators around the principles of diabetes care and education are needed.

Conclusion

The educational pathway created by the EP showed that skills are needed at an advanced level and that mentorship in developing these skills is critical. This pathway is vital for supporting the implementation of diabetes technology into everyday life and can remove barriers and increase access to PWT1D.
Effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin in third molar extractions: a randomized controlled split-mouth study
Authors: Zwittnig Katharina , Kirnbauer Barbara , Truschnegg Astrid , Jakse Norbert , Wolf Axel , Sokolowski Alwin , Mischak Irene , Payer Michael
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To date, studies have only investigated the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) after removal of third molars from the mandible or maxilla. Removal of the upper and lower third molars is typically combined into one session per side; therefore, this study aimed to investigate influence on PRF.

Materials and methods

This prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled, clinical trial (split-mouth design) included 25 patients. After third molar removal, the test group’s sockets were treated with solid PRF clots, whereas the control group’s sockets were conventionally treated. The primary outcome was swelling, which was measured digitally and analogously. Secondary outcomes included trismus, pus, hematoma, and clinical attachment loss (CAL) of the second molars on days 1, 3, 7, and 14. Patient-centered outcome measures and the consumption of painkillers and antibiotics were recorded on days 0–7. The t-test for paired samples, Wilcoxon test, and Chi-Square test were used for statistical analyses.

Results

Swelling was significantly lower on day 14 in the test group (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in pain, trismus, and CAL. In the test group, the number of painkillers taken and the number of days of intake were significantly lower (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

PRF caused a reduction of painkiller consumption and in the days painkillers were needed. PRF significantly considerably reduced swelling after 14 days. Owing to the lack of differences in other parameters, the integration of PRF application into routine wisdom tooth removal is critical.

Clinical relevance

PRF affects the long-term outcomes of third molar removal by reducing swelling and reducing as well as shortening painkiller consumption.

Trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05089812).
Actor-specific adaptation objectives shape perceived roles and responsibilities: lessons from Mumbai’s flood risk reduction and general considerations
Authors: Doshi Deepal , Garschagen Matthias
Published: October 2024

Adaptation efforts need to be advanced significantly, involving multiple actors and a diverse portfolio of options. Despite this being well established, there is little understanding of different actors’ perceptions of adaptation goals and their associated expectations regarding roles and responsibilities to achieve them. In this analysis, we seek to address this gap by elucidating the diverging viewpoints held by various actor groups concerning adaptation objectives, target beneficiaries, and the distribution of roles and responsibilities for adaptation. Here, we use the case study of flood risk in Mumbai, drawing upon qualitative interview data collected through key informant interviews with diverse stakeholders including state, civil society, and academic actors. Interviews revealed stark disparities between state and non-state actors, in particular on the objective of efficiency, largely emphasized by state actors for physical infrastructure measures. Other contested objectives included ecosystem protection and fairness for vulnerable populations. The findings showed consensus on the importance of planning. Non-state actors heavily debated the lack of planning and implementation of institutional changes and ecosystem-based measures. They called for a stronger role of the state in caretaking and fairness for vulnerable populations, mainly through deeper institutional changes. Overall, the findings point to the urgent need for understanding how actors navigate competing priorities, make trade-offs, and negotiate conflicting viewpoints on the distribution of roles and responsibilities. This paper makes an empirical and conceptual contribution to the debates on “social contracts” for adaptation, offering an operationalization of the concept and application to a real-world example through an actor lens.
Behavioural thermoregulation prevents thermal stress in lizard sperm fertility
Authors: Domínguez-Godoy Miguel A. , Arenas-Ríos Edith , Uriostegui-Escoto Daniel , Lucio Rosa Angélica , Díaz de la Vega-Pérez Aníbal H. , Méndez de la Cruz Fausto R.
Published: October 2024

Global warming is threatening ectotherms, with strong repercussions on their population dynamics. Body temperature in ectotherm reptiles is crucial to perform all their biological functions, which are maximized within a narrow interval. When faced with new or adverse thermal conditions, reptiles will respond with distributional changes, behavioural adjustments to maintain their internal temperature, or by adapting to the new environment, otherwise, extinctions will occur. Higher temperatures may have negative repercussions, for example, shortening periods of activity, affecting embryo development during gestation or decreasing viability of sperm cells in males. Through behavioural thermoregulation, reptiles can compensate for environmental variations (Bogert effect). Furthermore, according to Janzen’s hypothesis, the physiological cost of responding to adverse thermal conditions will be low in species exposed to higher thermal overlap. Here, we analysed the effect of a change in the thermal regime on sperm cell viability in Sceloporus megalepidurus, a small viviparous lizard from central Mexico. We hypothesized that an active thermoregulator inhabiting temperate mountains is able to prevent the effects of thermal change on sperm cell viability. We found that the change in thermal regime did not modify sperm cell viability, nor does it affect the maturation of sperm cells in the epididymis. Our results support the Bogert effect and suggest that, despite the high temperatures and low thermal quality, S. megalepidurus can maintain its body temperature within an optimal range for sperm cell viability.
Usage status of biologics for the chronic treatment of optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Yohei , Kezuka Takeshi , Shikishima Keigo , Yamagami Akiko , Chuman Hideki , Nakamura Makoto , Ueki Satoshi , Kimura Akiko , Hashimoto Masato , Tatsui Sonoko , Mashimo Kimiyo , Ishikawa Hitoshi
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To investigate the usage status of biologics for the chronic treatment of optic neuritis including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in Japan.

Design

Multicenter retrospective case series.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with anti-aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) positive optic neuritis and had been initiated on biologics (satralizumab, eculizumab, and inebilizumab) between January 2020 and August 2022 were identified at 30 facilities in Japan. These patients were investigated regarding changes in oral steroid doses, optic neuritis relapse, and adverse events after initiation of biologics.

Results

Eighty-eight patients with AQP4-Ab positive optic neuritis initiated on biologics were included. Satralizumab was the most common biologic used (79 patients), followed by eculizumab (6 patients) and inebilizumab (3 patients). In the satralizumab group, during the observation period (10.0±7.0 months) until February 2023, the oral steroid dose was reduced significantly from 13.8 ± 8.6 mg/day at the time of initiation to 5.3 ± 4.8 mg/day (p < 0.001). No relapse of optic neuritis was observed in 76 of 79 patients (96.2%) after initiation of satralizumab. Furthermore, in 15 patients who succeeded in discontinuing steroids during 8.5 ± 5.8 months after initiation of satralizumab, no relapse of optic neuritis was observed throughout the observation period. Adverse events occurred in 7 patients with satralizumab and 2 patients with eculizumab, but no serious infections were observed.

Conclusions

Satralizumab was the most commonly used biologic for AQP4-Ab positive optic neuritis in Japan. This study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of satralizumab in preventing the relapse of optic neuritis.
Estimation of function's supports under arithmetic constraints
Authors: Hegyvári N.
Published: October 2024

The well-known inequality

$$\lvert {\rm supp}(f) \rvert \lvert {\rm supp}( \widehat f) \rvert \geq |G|$$

|
supp

(
f
)

|

|
supp

(

f
^

)

|

≥

|
G
|

gives a lower estimation for each support. In this paper we consider the case where there exists a slowly increasing function

$$F$$

F

such that

$$\lvert {\rm supp}(f) \rvert \leq F(\lvert {\rm supp}( \widehat f) \rvert )$$

|
supp

(
f
)

|

≤
F
(

|
supp

(

f
^

)

|

)

. We will show that this can be done under some arithmetic constraint.
The two links that help us come from additive combinatorics and theoretical computer science. The first is the additive energy which plays a central role in additive combinatorics. The second is the influence of Boolean functions. Our main tool is the spectral analysis of Boolean functions. We prove an uncertainty inequality in which the influence of a function and its Fourier spectrum play a role.
The Role of Parental Involvement in the Development of Prosocial Behavior in Young Children: An Evolutionary Model Among Colombian Families
Authors: Prada-Mateus M. , Obando D. , Sandoval-Reyes J. , Mejía-Lozano M. A. , Hill J.
Published: October 2024

Prosocial behavior is a relevant indicator of children’s socio-emotional development linked to decreased conduct and emotional problems. The present study aimed to identify cross-sectional direct effects of parental involvement on prosocial behavior in three-time assessments at ages 3, 5, and 7 years, to identify carryover effects of the study constructs, and to identify the evolution of these effects over time. A sample of 235 Colombian families participated at t0, 220 at t1, and 145 at t2 by completing self-reported questionnaires for prosocial behavior using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire for parental involvement. Using PLS-SEM path modeling, we found that the contribution of parental involvement to prosocial behavior was significant in the three assessments. Carryover analyses indicated that initial levels of parental involvement and initial levels of prosocial behavior predict later levels. Using multigroup analysis, we tested significant changes in the path coefficients of direct effects, finding nonsignificant results. For carryover effects, we found changes in parental involvement between t0/t1 and t1/t2. Finally, t-test analyses were used to identify changes in the construct’s means over time, finding significant changes between parental involvement at t1 and t2. No mean differences were found for prosocial behavior. Results from this study highlight the relevance of parental involvement during childhood for maintaining children’s levels of prosocial behavior and reducing the risk of socio-emotional problems. Preventive approaches for these problems should include parents’ training on parental involvement from age 3.5 years or earlier.
Exploring the Relationship Needs of Service Users During Crisis Interventions: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Steimle Larissa , von Peter Sebastian , Frank Fabian
Published: October 2024

People in crisis sometimes seek professional support, and the relationship between service users and professionals is crucial in overcoming the crisis. To understand the relationship needs of people in crisis, 29 semi-structured interviews with service users were conducted and analyzed using a grounded-theory approach. The findings reveal that people in crisis seek a professional who is there for them, recognizes the crisis as an emergency and a solvable situation, treats them with respect, and offers individual support. Furthermore, there needs to be a general fit between professionals, the support services, and service users for a supportive relationship to be established. However, two main aspects were discovered where service users differ depending on the resources they can access during the crisis: While people with access to many resources seek a rather distant and egalitarian relationship, those with access to fewer resources prefer more intimate and hierarchical relationships with professionals.