bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caring for persons with drug use disorders in the Yangon Region, Myanmar: Socioeconomic and psychological burden, coping strategies and barriers to coping
Authors: Thein Khin Zar Khaing , Herberholz Chantal , Sandar Win Pa , Yadanar
Published: October 2021

Drug use disorder (DUD) is a serious health condition that imposes a heavy burden on the persons who have a drug addiction experience and their families, especially in countries, such as Myanmar, where few formal support mechanisms are in place and repressive drug laws exacerbate the situation. Yet, in Myanmar, little is known about how informal caregivers are affected. This qualitative study aims at exploring the socioeconomic and psychological burden that informal caregivers in Myanmar encounter, coping strategies they employ, as well as barriers to coping they face. Thirty primary informal caregivers were chosen purposively from a mental health hospital in Yangon for in-depth interviews. The recorded interviews were transcribed and the data were analysed using framework analysis. The results revealed that financial constraint, income loss, social limitation and negative impact on family cohesion are important dimensions of socioeconomic burden, whereas sadness, anger, helplessness, worry, fear and guilt are the main psychological distress factors encountered by caregivers of persons with DUD. Key coping strategies employed by caregivers include religious coping, financial coping, acceptance and planning. Moreover, perceived stigma towards persons with DUD and their caregivers was very high and caregivers received hardly any social support, inter alia because of the country’s drug law which reinforces stigma and discrimination. Neither the government nor any other organization in Myanmar provided financial support to the caregivers. The results of this study showed that caring for persons with DUD has devastating effects on caregivers and their families. While the 2018 National Drug Control Policy can potentially help alleviate the burden on substance users and their families, further amendments of the existing drug law are urgently needed. Moreover, strengthening prevention and harm reduction approaches, improving treatment and rehabilitation services, as well as stigma-reducing educational campaigns should be considered a priority.
Long-term results of hypofractionation with concomitant boost in patients with early breast cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Saksornchai Kitwadee , Jaruthien Thitiporn , Nantavithya Chonnipa , Shotelersuk Kanjana , Rojpornpradit Prayuth
Published: October 2021

Aim

To report the long-term local control and survival of patients with early breast cancer who had hypofractionated whole breast irradiation with concomitant boost (Hypo-CB).

Methods and materials

Between October 2009 and June 2010, 73 patients with early breast cancer (T1-3N0-1M0) who underwent breast conserving surgery were enrolled into the study. Thirty-six of these participants received 50 Gy of conventional irradiation in 25 fractions over 5 weeks to the whole breast with a sequential boost to the tumor bed with 10–16 Gy in 5–8 fractions (Conv-SEQ). The other 37 participants received a hypofractionated dose of 43.2 Gy in 16 fractions with an additional daily concomitant boost (CB) of 0.6 Gy over 3 weeks (Hypo-CB).

Results

At a median follow-up time of 123 months, ipsilateral local recurrence (ILR) was found in 3 participants, 1 of whom was in the hypofractionated group. All 3 ILR were true local recurrence (TR). There were no significant differences in the 10-year disease free survival (DFS) and 10-year overall survival rates (OS) between the conventional and hypofractionated groups (93.9% vs. 94.4%, p = 0.96 and 91.9% vs. 91.6%, p = 0.792, respectively).

Conclusion

This study showed that the effectiveness, DFS and OS were comparable between hypofractionated whole breast irradiation with a CB and the conventional irradiation with a sequential boost.
Correspondence of aCGH and long-read genome assembly for detection of copy number differences: A proof-of-concept with cichlid genomes
Authors: Preising Gabriel A. , Faber-Hammond Joshua J. , Renn Suzy C. P.
Published: October 2021

Copy number variation is an important source of genetic variation, yet data are often lacking due to technical limitations for detection given the current genome assemblies. Our goal is to demonstrate the extent to which an array-based platform (aCGH) can identify genomic loci that are collapsed in genome assemblies that were built with short-read technology. Taking advantage of two cichlid species for which genome assemblies based on Illumina and PacBio are available, we show that inter-species aCGH log2 hybridization ratios correlate more strongly with inferred copy number differences based on PacBio-built genome assemblies than based on Illumina-built genome assemblies. With regard to inter-species copy number differences of specific genes identified by each platform, the set identified by aCGH intersects to a greater extent with the set identified by PacBio than with the set identified by Illumina. Gene function, according to Gene Ontology analysis, did not substantially differ among platforms, and platforms converged on functions associated with adaptive phenotypes. The results of the current study further demonstrate that aCGH is an effective platform for identifying copy number variable sequences, particularly those collapsed in short read genome assemblies.
Effects of ionic strength on gating and permeation of TREK-2 K2P channels
Authors: Conrad Linus J. , Proks Peter , Tucker Stephen J.
Published: October 2021

In addition to the classical voltage-dependent behavior mediated by the voltage-sensing-domains (VSD) of ion channels, a growing number of voltage-dependent gating behaviors are being described in channels that lack canonical VSDs. A common thread in their mechanism of action is the contribution of the permeating ion to this voltage sensing process. The polymodal K2P K+ channel, TREK2 responds to membrane voltage through a gating process mediated by the interaction of K+ with its selectivity filter. Recently, we found that this action can be modulated by small molecule agonists (e.g. BL1249) which appear to have an electrostatic influence on K+ binding within the inner cavity and produce an increase in the single-channel conductance of TREK-2 channels. Here, we directly probed this K+-dependent gating process by recording both macroscopic and single-channel currents of TREK-2 in the presence of high concentrations of internal K+. Surprisingly we found TREK-2 is inhibited by high internal K+ concentrations and that this is mediated by the concomitant increase in ionic-strength. However, we were still able to determine that the increase in single channel conductance in the presence of BL1249 was blunted in high ionic-strength, whilst its activatory effect (on channel open probability) persisted. These effects are consistent with an electrostatic mechanism of action of negatively charged activators such as BL1249 on permeation, but also suggest that their influence on channel gating is complex.
Low-dose IL-2 therapy invigorates CD8+ T cells for viral control in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zhou Pengcheng , Chen Jiali , He Jing , Zheng Ting , Yunis Joseph , Makota Victor , Alexandre Yannick O. , Gong Fang , Zhang Xia , Xie Wuxiang , Li Yuhui , Shao Miao , Zhu Yanshan , Sinclair Jane E. , Miao Miao , Chen Yaping , Short Kirsty R. , Mueller Scott N. , Sun Xiaolin , Yu Di , Li Zhanguo
Published: October 2021

Autoimmune diseases are often treated by glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs that could increase the risk for infection, which in turn deteriorate disease and cause mortality. Low-dose IL-2 (Ld-IL2) therapy emerges as a new treatment for a wide range of autoimmune diseases. To examine its influence on infection, we retrospectively studied 665 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) including about one third receiving Ld-IL2 therapy, where Ld-IL2 therapy was found beneficial in reducing the incidence of infections. In line with this clinical observation, IL-2 treatment accelerated viral clearance in mice infected with influenza A virus or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Noticeably, despite enhancing anti-viral immunity in LCMV infection, IL-2 treatment exacerbated CD8+T cell-mediated immunopathology. In summary, Ld-IL2 therapy reduced the risk of infections in SLE patients and enhanced the control of viral infection, but caution should be taken to avoid potential CD8+T cell-mediated immunopathology.
"A költő, az igazi, ott kezdődik, ahol különbözik"
Authors: Pál-Kovács Sándor Attila
Published: October 2021

Az értekezés a fiatal lírai antológiák problémakörét vizsgálja a kádárizmus viszonyrendszerében, különös tekintettel a hatvanas évek végére, hetvenes évek elejére. Kiemelten három gyűjteménnyel foglalkozik: az Első Ének (1968), a Költők egymás közt (1969) és az Elérhetetlen föld (1969) című kötetekkel. Az antológiák részletesen elemzésén túl - mely létrejöttük, korpuszuk, recepciójuk és utóéletük vizsgálatát jelenti - a disszertáció foglalkozik az antológiával, mint könyvtípussal, a fiatal irodalmi antológiák általános problémájával és történetével a magyar irodalomban, valamint az irodalmi mezővel a hatvanas-hetvenes évek Magyarországán. Két kitekintő fejezetben pedig a téma hálózatelméleti és kulturális-irodalmi antropológiai lehetőségeit, vizsgálhatóságát, továbbfejleszthetőségét veszi számba.
Mobility Writers in–between Multiculturalism and Transculturality
Authors: Joudar Ahmed Saeed Otaiwi
Published: October 2021

Ez a tanulmány megvizsgálja a kanadai etnikai kisebbségek esetét a multikulturalizmusról szóló politikai nyilatkozat előtt, majd összehasonlítja azt az etnikai kisebbségek esetével a multikulturalizmus politikájának deklarálása után. A vizsgálat a 20. század eleji kanadai magyar etnikum esetének tanulmányozásával történik. Ezután a tanulmány arra törekszik, hogy feltárja az etnikai kisebbségek esetét Kanadában 1971 után, mivel a megvitatott jelentős kérdés a transzkulturális diskurzus kérdése. A tanulmány középpontjában azok az etnikai kisebbségi írók állnak, akik az Én és a többség kapcsolatát keresik, mivel ezek az írók személyes tapasztalataiktól függenek, amikor egyik helyről a másikra mozognak. Ebben a tanulmányban elsősorban azokra az írókra helyezik a hangsúlyt, akik különféle kulturális gyökerekkel rendelkező bevándorló családokból származtak: magyar – kanadai (John Marlyn), iraki kanadai zsidó (Naim Kattan) és Srí Lanka-kanadai (Michael Ondaatje). Ennek a három írónak a Halál bordái, a búcsú Babilon és a Futás a családban elemzésével készült szövegek elemzésével ez a tanulmány feltárja az etnikai többség szerepét és hatásuk mértékét az etnikai kisebbségek integrációjára a kanadai társadalomban. A multikulturalizmus politikájának hatása etnikai identitásuk és kulturális örökségük megőrzésével elősegíti a kisebbségek beilleszkedését a kanadai társadalomba. E tanulmány megállapításai azt állítják, hogy az etikai kisebbségi írók két célt értek el a kanadai multikulturalizmus politikájának segítségével: egyrészt lehetővé teszik etnikai hovatartozásuk dinamikájának fenntartását, másrészt transzkulturális párbeszéd kialakítását teszik lehetővé a többséggel, hogy segítsék őket beilleszkedni a kanadai társadalomba.
Evidências preliminares de validade de versão reduzida da escala de compra por impulso de Rook e Fisher
Authors:   Departamento de Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Azevedo Marot Tiago , Bezerra Lins Samuel Lincoln ,   Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A redução de escalas visa a redução da quantidade de itens, mantendo-se suas qualidades psicométricas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a redução da versão brasileira da escala de compra por impulso de Rook e Fisher. Método: Participaram do estudo 1173 brasileiros, sendo 868 mulheres e 305 homens com a média de idade de 24.8 anos e desvio-padrão de 12.7. Todos os participantes foram contatados via redes sociais ou e-mail. A pesquisa foi dividida em três estudos. Resultados: No primeiro estudo, a estrutura unifatorial do instrumento foi corroborada, uma vez que a análise paralela sugeriu a retenção de um fator e os índices de ajuste foram acima de .95. Foram selecionados quatro itens para comporem a versão reduzida. O segundo estudo analisou a estrutura interna e as cargas fatoriais da escala reduzida por meio da análise fatorial exploratória e da análise fatorial confirmatória. Os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória foram semelhantes aos do estudo 1 e a análise fatorial confirmatória também apresentou índices de ajuste acima de .90. No terceiro estudo foram realizadas correlações para verificar o grau de diferença das correlações entre a escala reduzida e a original. Foram obtidas evidências de validade preditiva com as escalas de materialismo, consumo de status e propensão ao endividamento. Ainda, realizou-se uma análise fatorial confirmatória multigrupo que verificou a invariância do instrumento entre homens e mulheres. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a escala reduzida de compra por impulso, 4-CI, é considerada adequada para a mensuração desse construto.
Cooperativismo de trabajo frente al COVID-19. Aportes sobre la situación en Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: Serafino Eugenio , Alfaro Eduardo , Cardozo Lucas
Published: October 2021

El artículo plantea una reflexión sobre el estado de situación frente al COVID-19 de las cooperativas de trabajo del Departamento La Capital de la Provincia de Santa Fe. A partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas se realiza un diagnóstico sobre diferentes aspectos socio-económicos del sector, funcionamiento de las organizaciones cooperativas y su vínculo entre sí y con el Estado. En función del relevamiento realizado se destacan los aspectos críticos, heterogéneos y desiguales al interior del sector cooperativo y, pese al crítico contexto, el moderado optimismo en las perspectivas futuras.
La economía social y solidaria en los procesos de desmanicomialización: emprendimientos de trabajo-acogida-vida
Authors: Cardozo Dulcinea
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar algunas dimensiones significativas en la gestación de emprendimientos cooperativos y colectivos de economía social y solidaria en procesos de desmanicomialización y/o reformas psiquiátricas. En particular los aportes y desafíos de estas propuestas en la transformación de los imaginarios sociales de la locura que ubica a quienes han tenido o tienen una historia en relación a la locura como personas que están incapacitadas para trabajar y para gobernar su propia vida y a que quienes no, como las que tienen que generar prácticas de tutela y trabajo protegido. Se pretende contribuir a la producción de sentido de procesos autogestionados que pretenden generar ruptura en dos planos: con la lógica del capital y con la lógica manicomial. A partir de la experiencia uruguaya proponemos la composición de emprendimientos de trabajo, acogida y vida.
El suicidio por causa ontológica: el caso Mainländer
Authors: Baquedano Jer Sandra
Published: October 2021

Cuando la explicación del suicidio se aborda desde la psiquiatría, la psicología o sociología, suele prevalecer una visión crítica que persigue su prevención. En filosofía, es posible poner énfasis en tratar de entender primero, a partir de los casos concretos que atesora la historia del pensamiento, por qué muchas personas pueden llegar a percibir que sus vidas pierden valor por determinadas creencias o puntos de vista hasta el extremo de tornarse filosóficamente inviable. El caso de Mainländer enfrentará al lector a una cosmovisión según la cual el trasfondo de la realidad se vuelve una experiencia tan destructiva, que resulta imposible vivirla sin terminar dañado, optándose simplemente por no perseverar más en ella. Esa ley del sufrimiento es presentada, no obstante, como necesaria para el fin último, el descanso en la paz eterna, la muerte absoluta, la nada. Este artículo sondea cómo el autor de La filosofía de la redención materializa y aduce a razones ontológicas para acabar con su vida, horas después de recibir la impresión fresca de su obra recién publicada.
La Filosofía de la Arquitectura. Una aproximación epistemológica al diseño del espacio
Authors: Cristiá Felix Alejandro
Published: October 2021

El proceso de diseño arquitectónico parte de una actividad mental basada en relaciones de conceptos abstractos y empíricos previos a la materialización de lo que conocemos como espacio construido y arquitectura. Este proceso no empieza en bocetos o planos, sino de manera previa en la mente mediante procesos de relaciones imaginarias (síntesis) de conceptos y analogías. La relación entre la filosofía y la arquitectura hoy no se muestra tan estrecha como en tiempos remotos, sin embargo, su comprensión cobra gran importancia para cuestionar y experimentar de la mejor manera posible los espacios en los que el ser humano crece, se desarrolla y produce su visión de mundo.
Orthopedic treatment with fixed dentures taking into account the distribution and causes of defects in dental hard tissues
Authors: Klymiuk Yu. V. , Ozhogan Z. R. , Miziuk L. V. , Kryvanych V. M. , Yanishen I. V.
Published: October 2021

The aim of this work was to analyze the causes of complications of orthopedic treatment of dentition defects with metal-ceramic crowns and non-removable metal-ceramic bridges.
Materials and methods. A total of 140 patients aged 34 to 49 years were examined during the work, who underwent the production of both single metal-ceramic crowns and non-removable metal-ceramic bridges. All patients were divided into 2 groups (70 patients each): the first one included patients with vital abutment teeth, the second one – with depulped. The abutment teeth had a different functional state – they were filled, had wedge-shaped defects or increased abrasion.
Results. Orthopedic treatment showed that the manufacture of solid metal-ceramic crowns on dental teeth, which were filled more than 1 year ago, led to complications in 18 of 35 (51.4 %) patients in this group, which is insignificantly (P ˃ 0.05) by 17.2 % less than with similar prosthetics on depulped teeth. Regarding the manufacture of bridges, the trend of more complications in prosthetics on devital teeth persists, because in group I we had 20 (57.7 %) patients with complications, and in group II – 29 (82.9 %) cases, which is significantly different at the level of P < 0.05. In prosthetics of vital teeth, defects of hard tissues of which are replaced by filling material immediately before prosthetics, single crowns of complications occurred in 3 patients, i.e. in 8.6 %, which is insignificantly (P ˃ 0.05) less by 5.6 % than in group II where complications were found in 5 (14.2 %) people. Analysis of orthopedic treatment of patients with included defects of dentitions with metal-ceramic bridge prostheses revealed that when using filled teeth (filled for 1 year before prosthetics) in the case, when they were depulped, as abutment, complications were observed in 9 people, i.e. in 25.7 % of this group. This indicator insignificantly (P ˃ 0.05) exceeds the identical one from the first group (14.3 %) by 11.4 %, therefore, there is a tendency to reduce tooth resistance to negative external and internal factors, which has not acquired statistical significance.
Conclusions. The study found that the frequency of complications that occur after prosthetics with fixed dentures depends on the condition of the tooth pulp, because the viable pulp provides metabolism, renewal of tooth cells and response to any damage. The need to replace fillings that were made more than 1 year ago to reduce the risk of secondary caries has been proven. Defects of hard tissues in the form of a wedge-shaped defect and the increased attrition do not increase frequency of complications in prosthetics by fixed dentures.
The activity of markers of oxidative and nitrosative stresses in blood plasma of Parkinson’s disease patients at the early stages
Authors: Demchenko A. V. , Biriuk V. V. , Abramov A. V.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study is to investigate activity of markers of oxidative and nitrosative stresses in blood plasma of patients in the I–II stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to determine correlations between their concentrations and severity of non-motor PD symptoms.
Materials and methods. 67 patients at I–II PD stages and 20 healthy controls took part in the research. Cognitive functions were examined due to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test – MoCA test. For the severity of psycho-emotional disorders evaluation the following scales and questionnaires were used: Night Sleep Assessment Questionnaire by A. M. Vein, Zung test for anxiety, apathy Starkstein scale, Boston stress-resistance test, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). We performed ELISA test for determination of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) level in blood plasma of participants (Elabscience® kit).
Results. The middle age of PD patients and healthy controls was 64.35 ± 1.22 and 66.40 ± 0.70 years, respectively. GPx activity in plasma of patients at І–ІІ PD stages was significantly lower than in healthy controls (P < 0.001) and was higher at the I stage compared to the II PD stage (P = 0.003). Also GPx activity in PD patients with normal cognition was higher than in PD patients with cognitive impairment (P = 0.042).
The GST activity in plasma of PD patients with anxiety was significantly lower (P = 0.002) compared to those without anxiety, and 3-NT blood plasma level in PD patients with moderate anxiety was higher than in those without one (P = 0.029).
Conclusions. The activity of antioxidant GPx was significantly lower in PD patients at early stages compared to healthy controls, and in PD patients in the II stage of the disease compared to the I stage, and it was significantly lower in PD patients with cognitive impairment. PD patients with moderate anxiety had lower 3-NT levels and GST activity in blood plasma.
Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical features of the esophageal mucosa in children with asthma combined with reflux esophagitis
Authors: Zadorozhna T. D. , Antypkin Yu. H. , Umanets T. R. , Buratynska A. A. , Archakova T. M. , Kiurdzhiieva M. I. , Kylykhevych S. M.
Published: October 2021

The most common comorbid pathology in children with asthma is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) associated with reflux esophagitis (RE), which ranges from 32 % to 80 %. Histological changes of the esophageal mucosa in RE have been described in adults and children, but there are only isolated studies that describe the morphological features of the esophageal mucosa in combined pathology, taking into account the severity of asthma.
The aim is to study the histological and immunohistochemical features of the esophageal mucosa in children with asthma combined with reflux esophagitis.
Materials and methods. In 43 children aged 6–17 years with RE and severe asthma (group 1), with mild/moderate asthma (group 2) and without asthma (group 3), mucosal biopsies from the distal and proximal esophagus were examined by histolo­gical and immunohistochemical methods. Immunohistochemical research was performed in serial paraffin sections according to standard protocols using monoclonal antibodies to Ki-67, MMP-9, VEGF, BCL-2, IgE and CD68.
Results. In children with asthma combined with RE, the structural changes of the esophageal mucosa differed depending on the severity of asthma. Severe basal epithelial hyperplasia was registered in 92.31 % of children in group 1, and its frequency was significantly different from children in groups 2 and 3. A characteristic feature of children with asthma and reflux eso­phagitis was dyschronosis, which was characterized by foci of hypo- and hypertrophy of basal layer cells (92.31 % of children in group 1 and 37.50 % of children in group 2). Severe elongation of the “papillae” was found only in 38.46 % of children in group 1. Immunohistochemical features of the esophageal mucosa of children with asthma and reflux esophagitis revealed the expression of Ki-67 antigen, IgE and a weak macrophage response (CD68), the severity of which differed from children with reflux esophagitis without asthma.
Conclusions. Morphological changes in the esophageal mucosa of children with reflux esophagitis and asthma differ from children with reflux esophagitis without asthma in the presence of severe epithelial damage, dyschronosis of changes, severe elongation of the “papillae”, pronounced cell proliferation (Ki-67) and local IgE expression.
Ultrasound examination as a method of early “bedside” diagnosis of acute kidney injury in geriatric patients after urgent abdominal surgery
Authors: Momot N. V. , Tumanska N. V. , Vorotyntsev S. I.
Published: October 2021

Geriatric patients are particularly vulnerable to the development of postoperative complications, one of which is acute kidney injury (AKI). Early diagnosis of AKI is an important component of the effectiveness of its prevention and treatment. It is believed that ultrasound examination of renal blood flow may be a promising method for bedside diagnosis of AKI.

The aim is to evaluate the predictive value of renal resistance index (RRI) and semiquantitative renal perfusion (SQP) as methods for early diagnosis of AKI in geriatric patients after urgent abdominal surgery.

Materials and methods. A prospective single-center study included 40 patients (72.5 (65; 81.5) y. o.) who were assessed for the risk of development, the presence and stage of AKI, and additionally measured hemodynamic parameters, intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), and abdominal perfusion pressure (APP). Renal resistance index (RRI) and semi-quantitative renal perfusion score (SQP) were determined using Doppler ultrasound (ultrasound probe CH-6, SIEMENS, Acuson Antares). Statistical analysis was performed using the STATISTICA for Windows 13 program (StatSoftInc., No. JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J).

Results. In the postoperative period, AKI developed in 26 patients (65%). Compared with patients without AKI, they had a 14% lower level of mean arterial pressure (MAP) (p=0.008), as well as an average of 4 mmHg higher IAP (p=0.005) and significantly lower APP (p=0.0348). Correlation analysis revealed a weak relationship between the values of MAP, IAP, APP and the development of AKI (r=0.34, r=0.41, r=0.392, respectively, p˂0.05).

Patients with AKI had a 13.9% higher RRI than patients without AKI (0.75 (0.72; 0.81) r.u. vs 0.66 (0.61; 0.69) r.u., respectively, p=0.000001), however, the degree of SQP of the kidneys did not differ significantly between the groups (p=0.636). The correlation between the RRI and the development of AKI was of moderate strength (r=0.57, p˂0.05). MAP, IAP, and APP were significantly very weakly correlated with RRI (r=0.34; r=0.41, r=0.392, respectively, p˂0.05). ROC analysis showed that RRI>0.71 r.u. is the threshold level for AKI with 87.2% sensitivity and 73.5% specificity, and it has a high predictive value (area under the curve AUC 0.868 (p<0.0001)).

Conclusions. High RRI values are associated with AKI in geriatric patients after urgent abdominal surgery. RRI may be a bedside diagnostic tool for AKI, in contrast to renal SQP, which has shown no predictive value.
The study in cockscomb mineral composition
Authors: Deyneka A. S. , Protska V. V. , Zhuravel I. O. , Kyslychenko O. A. , Kuznietsova V. Yu.
Published: October 2021

Cockscomb (Сelosia cristata (L.) Kuntze) is grown in Ukraine mostly as a decorative plant. According to literature, it contains phenolic, terpenic, steroid, and nitrogen-containing compounds, showing a large range of biological activity.
The aim of the work was to study qualitative composition and determination of quantitative content of mineral elements in cockscomb roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds.
Materials and methods. The mineral composition of cockscomb raw material was studied by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Results. In cockscomb roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds 19 mineral elements were identified and determined. The bulk of mineral elements was accumulated in cockscomb leaves – 11580.54 ± 289.51 μg/100 g. In all samples of the herb potassium dominated within the limits of 1125.00 ± 28.12 μg/100 g to 7000.00 ± 175.00 μg/100 g. Prevailing microelements were iron in plant roots and seeds (210.00 ± 5.25 μg/100 g and 81.00 ± 2.02 μg/100 g respectively), aluminum in leaves and flowers (215.00 ± 2.25 μg/100 g and 44.00 ± 1.10 μg/100 g respectively), zinc in stems (5.70 ± 0.14 μg/100 g). Besides, such microelements as zinc (53.00 ± 1.33 μg/100 g) and strontium (21.20 ± 0.53 μg/100 g) were mostly accumulated in roots, manganese (27.00 ± 0.68 μg/100 g) in leaves, copper (2.00 ± 0.05 μg/100 g) in flowers. The content of heavy metals was within the limits stipulated in Ukrainian Pharmacopoeia.
Conclusions. The obtained results will be used in the standardization of cockscomb raw material and in the development of medicines on the basis of this raw material.
Analysis of the relationship between the predicted biological activity and the chemical structure of S-derivatives of 5-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4R-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols
Authors: Bigdan O. A.
Published: October 2021

1,2,4-Triazole derivatives are actively used as components in the development of new drugs, plant protection products, polymeric materials, anti-corrosion agents and etc. Chemical modeling of substituted 1,2,4-triazoles due to the introduction of different pharmacophores into the structure is very popular among scientists in various fields. Today it is known that some S-derivatives of 5-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4R-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols have antimicrobial activity.
The aim of the work is to analyze the relationships between the predicted biological activity and the chemical structure of S-derivatives of 5-(5-bromofuran-2-yl) -4R-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols.
Materials and methods. Virtual screening of compounds was performed using the computer program PASS (Prediction of activity spectra for substances). The results of the forecast were issued in the form of a list of names of probable types of activity with estimates of the probabilities of presence (Pa) and absence of each activity (Pi), which had values from 0 to 1.
Results. Analyzing the prediction of biological activity on protein targets from the group of enzymes, we can said that derivatives of 5-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4R-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols were active in the group of oxyreductases (Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial; Cyclooxygenase-2; Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2), which catalyzed oxidation reactions, the transfer of electrons from one molecule (reducer, electron donor) to another (oxidant, electron acceptor). These compounds can demonstrate antioxidant, antihypoxic activity.
Conclusions. The conducted forecast of biological activity revealed that derivatives of 5-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4R-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols are the most active and there is a probability to show antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, diuretic, actoprotective, and antioxidant activity.
Are there benefits of low doses of ACE inhibitors, MRAs, diuretics and statins in the treatment of heart failure?
Authors: Lysenko V. А.
Published: October 2021

Treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) is very controversial. The issue of optimal doses of beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, aldosterone receptor antagonists, statins in patients with CHF has not been conclusively addressed. Achieving the maximum tolerated doses of drugs, though related to reduced mortality, but is accompanied by an increase in adverse drug reactions.
The aim. To present and discuss our own clinical and scientific data concerning the role of beta-blockers and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, diuretics, statins in the treatment of CHF patients and optimization of dosage schemes.
Material and methods. The study included 88 patients with CHF of ischemic origin, with sinus rhythm, stage II AB, NYHA FC II–IV, 58 – with reduced LV EF (HFrEF) and 30 – with preserved LV EF (HFpEF). The mean age of patients was 69.18 ± 9.97 years, men 52 % (n = 46). The median follow-up of the CHF patients was 396 days, the maximum number of follow-up days was 1302. During the observation period, 14 endpoints were registered, which accounted for 15.91 % of events: 7 deaths (8.0 %), 2 strokes (2.3 %), 2 cases of acute coronary syndrome (2.3 %), 3 progressive heart failure cases (3.4 %).
Kaplan–Mayer curves were drawn to assess survival rate, and the significance of difference between groups was calculated by the criteria of Gehan–Wilcoxon, Cox–Mantel and log-rank test. Risk factors were determined, and prognostic uni- and multi-variant Cox proportional hazards regression models were used. The cut-off values of quantitative risk factors were obtained by ROC analysis.
Results. The increase in the relative risk of adverse cardiovascular events in the CHF patients regardless of LV EF was associated with a daily carvedilol dose of more than 25 mg (HR = 1.05; 95 % CI 1.009–1.093; P = 0.0171); eplerenone – more than 12.5 mg (HR = 1.073; 95 % CI 1.005–1.144; P = 0.034), torasemide – more than 5 mg (HR = 1.13; 95 % CI 1.021–1.255; P = 0.019); rosuvastatin – more than 10 mg (HR = 1.107; 95 % CI 1.007–1.203; P = 0.035), and the trend in using atorvastatin at a dose of less than 10 mg (HR = 1.05; 95 % CI 0.951–1.165; P = 0.327). The use of ramipril in a daily dose of less than 2.5 mg was accompanied by a trend towards the 22 % reduced relative risk of adverse cardiovascular events (HR = 0.78; 95 % CI 0.384–1.580; P = 0.491).
Conclusions. Positive treatment outcomes in the CHF patients, regardless of the phenotype, were associated with low daily doses of ramipril (<2.5 mg), eplerenone/spironolactone (<12.5 mg), torasemide (<5.0 mg), rosuvastatin (<10.0 mg), but with high doses of atorvastatin (>10.0 mg).
Investigation of physical and chemical properties of new derivatives of 5-(thiophene-3-ylmethyl)-4R-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols
Authors: Khilkovets A. V.
Published: October 2021

Heterocyclic compounds are one of the most important branches of modern organic chemistry and are widely used in medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, and in the production of new materials. One of these compounds is 1,2,4-triazole, which has attracted the attention of scientists around the world for many years.
The aim of the work is to synthesize new derivatives of 5-(thiophene-3-ylmethyl)-4R-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols and study their physical-chemical properties, conducting primary pharmacological screening.
Materials and methods. Organic synthesis classical methods were used in the study, as well as a complex of physical-chemical analysis methods (1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, Elisa and chromato-mass spectral studies) were done. Prediction of pharmacological activity was carried out by using the PASS online computer program.
Results. Two initial compounds were obtained: 5-(thiophene-3-ylmethyl)-4phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and 5-(thiophene-3-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol. During their further chemical transformation, a number of new corresponding alkyl derivatives were obtained. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed using modern physical-chemical methods of analysis. Based on the results of pharmacological screening, the high activity of the obtained compounds can be predicted.
Conclusions. 5-(thiophene-3-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, 5-(thiophene-3-ylmethyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and a number of their alkyl derivatives were synthesized. The structure and individuality were proved thanks to modern physical and chemical methods of analysis. Having analyzed the results of primary pharmacological screening of a number of obtained compounds, some of them were selected for further study.
Hindlimb suspension in Wistar rats: Sex‐based differences in muscle response
Authors: Mortreux Marie , Rosa‐Caldwell Megan E. , Stiehl Ian D. , Sung Dong‐Min , Thomas Nicholas T. , Fry Christopher S. , Rutkove Seward B.
Published: October 2021

Ground‐based animal models have been used extensively to understand the effects of microgravity on various physiological systems. Among them, hindlimb suspension (HLS), developed in 1979 in rats, remains the gold‐standard and allows researchers to study the consequences of total unloading of the hind limbs while inducing a cephalic fluid shift. While this model has already brought valuable insights to space biology, few studies have directly compared functional decrements in the muscles of males and females during HLS. We exposed 28 adult Wistar rats (14 males and 14 females) to 14 days of HLS or normal loading (NL) to better assess how sex impacts disuse‐induced muscle deconditioning. Females better maintained muscle function during HLS than males, as shown by a more moderate reduction in grip strength at 7 days (males: −37.5 ± 3.1%, females: −22.4 ± 6.5%, compared to baseline), that remains stable during the second week of unloading (males: −53.3 ± 5.7%, females: −22.4 ± 5.5%, compared to day 0) while the males exhibit a steady decrease over time (effect of sex × loading p = 0.0002, effect of sex × time × loading p = 0.0099). This was further supported by analyzing the force production in response to a tetanic stimulus. Further functional analyses using force production were also shown to correspond to sex differences in relative loss of muscle mass and CSA. Moreover, our functional data were supported by histomorphometric analyzes, and we highlighted differences in relative muscle loss and CSA. Specifically, female rats seem to experience a lesser muscle deconditioning during disuse than males thus emphasizing the need for more studies that will assess male and female animals concomitantly to develop tailored, effective countermeasures for all astronauts.
China's Natural Forest Protection Program: evolution, impact and challenges
Authors: Qiao D. , Yuan W.T. , Ke S.F.
Published: October 2021

In order to improve environmental conditions and the well-being of its population, China has implemented one of the world's largest ecological rehabilitation projects of the early twenty-first century: The Nat ural Forest Protection Program (NFPP). This program aims to prevent deforestation
and conserve natural forests, mainly by banning logging. With heavy central government financing, the NFPP has profound global ecological and socioeconomic impacts. While most previous studies have focused on the positive aspects of the NFPP, some negative aspects should also be examined.
Chiefly, the NFPP does not fully address the untapped potential of the natural forest and the uses of this sustainable economic resource, which should be approached using nature-based solutions. Some major policy points in the NFPP, such as forest management, institutional design, diversified
funding resources, and comprehensive monitoring, need revision. This study of the NFPP can provide significant insights for other countries addressing urgent environmental issues.
Generalised Beauville groups
Authors: Carta Ludo , Fairbairn Ben T.
Published: October 2021

A Beauville surface is defined by the action of a finite group (Beauville group) on the product of two compact Riemann surfaces.
In this paper, we consider higher products and the possibility of a similar action by a finite group, which we call a generalised Beauville group; we prove several results regarding the existence and construction of infinite families of generalised Beauville groups and provide a complete classification of the abelian ones; we list all generalised Beauville groups of orders from 1 to 1023.
SIMULATION OF A FLOATING BOLLARD OF A SHIP LOCK BY THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors:   Equipment Technology Department, Three Gorges Navigation Administration Bureau, Zhang Yong , Sydorenko I. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Prokopovych I. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Zhang Yunxuan ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Voronenko S. ,   Kherson State Marine Academi
Published: October 2021

One of the main elements of the lock’s mooring equipment is the floating bollard. Failure of this element of the mooring equipment always leads to great difficulties in organizing ship passes in the lock, in terms of the arrangement of vessels in the lock chamber and the forced withdrawal of locks from work to bring the floating bollards into working condition. Therefore, the analysis of the performance of this element, both at the design stage and during operation, taking into account various options for its loading under the action of changing external conditions, is an urgent task. The article presents the results of a study of one of the structures of a floating bollard of a ship’s lock, which is in real operation. The studies were carried out using the finite element method, in which 3D modeling of the device under consideration was carried out and its stress-strain state was analyzed under various loading options, taking into account the dynamics of mooring operations and weather conditions. A comparative analysis of the created finite element model of the device under consideration with its simplified model in the form of an elastic beam system with a uniform cross section is carried out. A graphic interpretation of the results of the analysis of the stress-strain state of the device under consideration is given, in which the most loaded structural elements are distinguished. The identified location of the places of the largest stress-strain state is proposed to be used as a theoretical basis for the deployment of sensors of the system for alerting the state of the loading of the floating bollard of the ship lock.
THEORETICAL ELEMENTS OF ENERGY MODULAR LAYOUT OF AUTOMOBILE SYSTEM
Authors:   Military Academy (Odessa), Petrov L. , Borisenko T. ,   LLC “TELECARD-PRILAD”, Kishianus I. ,   Military Academy (Odessa), Petrik Y. ,   Military Academy (Odessa)
Published: October 2021

The article presents a physical and mathematical model of the energy-modular configuration of a vehicle. A technique for modeling the motion of an automobile system with main connections based on the Lagrange equations is considered. This approach allows us to represent the model of the automotive system as a combination of two platforms, force factors and mechanical links, ensures their combination in one workflow. An equation has been drawn up and calculations have been carried out to change the kinetic energy for various modes of motion of the automobile system. The aim of the study is to improve the technology of moving the automotive system using a combination of two mobile platforms. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that for the first time a technology has been proposed in which the energy of interaction of two platforms is used to move the automobile system. The research methodology was to establish a mathematical relationship between the generalized force and the dynamics of platform interaction, which is responsible for the movement of the automotive system. The result is the developed geometry of the interaction between platforms in the damping cycle of the interacting platforms. The value of the study, the results of the work carried out make it possible to contribute to the automotive industry. A model is proposed to reduce the energy to create vehicle motion.
THEORETICAL RESEARCHES OF A CAR WHEEL WITH A TRACTION COMPENSATOR
Authors:   Military Academy (Odessa), Petrov L. , Petryk Y. ,   Military Academy (Odessa)
Published: October 2021

he rolling process of the wheel drive is accompanied by the loading of the wheel drive by the force of gravity, which leads to compression and stretching of the tire during its deformation. The article deals with the study of the mechanical system “automobile wheel-spring compensator of traction force”, using the theorem on the change of kinetic energy of this system, the general equation of dynamics, as well as the Lagrange equation of the second kind. The purpose of the study is to improve the design and technological scheme of rolling the wheel drive, converting the energy of the wheel drive into the rotational motion of the wheel-elastic traction compensator, which is an auxiliary factor to this technology. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that for the first time a technology was proposed in which the share of rotational motion energy of a mechanical system “automobile wheel-spring traction compensator” was introduced during rotation of a wheel drive, which significantly increases traction. The research methodology was to establish a mathematical relationship between the force created by the “car wheel-spring traction compensator” and the additional path that the wheel travels. The result is the developed geometry of the wheel drive in the damping cycle “automotive wheel-spring traction compensator” failure of the bearing surface. The value of the study, the results of this work will contribute to the automotive industry. A model for increasing the traction capabilities of the vehicle is proposed.
FACTORS OF THE PVT-COLLECTOR EFFICIENCY FORMATION
Authors:   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Wysochin V. , Nikulshin V. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Denysova A. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University
Published: October 2021

Analytical researches of a hybrid solar collecting channel (PVT) are conducted by manufacture electric and thermal energy. The method of researches allows to analyse the following PVT-collector characteristics : a reheat temperature of an absorber and chilling liquid, as well as productivity depending on external and regime working conditions of the device. The work purpose is to work out of a method of calculation of opeating characteristics and definition of rational operating conditions of work of a hybrid solar collecting channel taking into account effective productivity. The complex mathematical model of the local analysis of processes of heat exchange and electrogeneration of a hybrid solar collecting channel for real conditions of a dynamic solar and climatic situation is used. The carried out analysis of heat exchange in alternative conditions showed that efficiency of a heat transport in a collecting channel integral cooling system ηT (a relationship of temperature of an absorber and final temperature of heat-transfer agent) is not a constant and considerably changes under the external and internal factors. It is influenced by intensity of insolation and the heat-transfer agent charge. With growth of these parametres ηT decreases. Existing dependence of electric power of a photo cell on the charge of a chilling liquid is characterised by presence of two expressed sections which are discriminated by rate of a variation of a function. The first of them, with low flux level of a liquid, differs considerable agency of functional parametres. The second one at high intensity differs asymptotic stabilisation of power. The limit values of the transition of the rate of decrease of the function correspond to the fluid flow rate of 0.08...0.085 l/(m2s). These values can be accepted for rationalisation of a refrigerating duty of the photobattery. Generalized dependences for determining the temperature of the liquid at the outlet of the device and the average temperature of the absorber are obtained. These dependences can be used to evaluate the efficiency of conversion of solar energy into electrical and thermal energy in regime optimization problems.