bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodology and Practical Implementation of Macroprudential Stress Testing of the Banking System
Authors: Suchkova Ekaterina , Masterovenko Kseniya
Published: December 2020

The article reviews the methodological basis of macroprudential stress-testing used as a quantitative tool to analyze and forecast financial stability. This tool has been actively used by regulators world wide especially after the 2007-2008 global financial crisis. We analyze the experience of macroprudential stress-testing of the US and EU banking sector with a particular focus on the Bank of Russia methodology. Using general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of literature, the authors examine various aspects of macroprudential stress-testing. The result of this work is a review of empirical studies on macroprudential stress-testing and the analysis of its practical implementation in Russia and abroad.
Hubble Space Telescope Snapshot Survey for Resolved Companions of Galactic Cepheids: Final Results*

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Authors: Evans Nancy Remage , Günther H. Moritz , Bond Howard E. , Schaefer Gail H. , Mason Brian D. , Karovska Margarita , Tingle Evan , Wolk Scott , Engle Scott , Guinan Edward , Pillitteri Ignazio , Proffitt Charles , Kervella Pierre , Gallenne Alexandre , Anderson Richard I. , Moe Maxwell
Published: December 2020

Cepheids in multiple systems provide information on the outcome of the formation of massive stars. They can also lead to exotic end-stage objects. This study concludes our survey of 70 galactic Cepheids using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) with images at two wavelengths to identify companions closer than 5″. In the entire WFC3 survey we identify 16 probable companions for 13 Cepheids. The 7 Cepheids having resolved candidate companions within 2″ all have the surprising property of themselves being spectroscopic binaries (as compared with a 29% incidence of spectroscopic binaries in the general Cepheid population). This is a strong suggestion that an inner binary is linked to the scenario of a third companion within a few hundred astronomical units. This characteristic is continued for more widely separated companions. Under a model where the outer companion is formed first, it is unlikely that it can anticipate a subsequent inner binary. Rather, it is more likely that a triple system has undergone dynamical interaction, resulting in one star moving outward to its current location. Chandra and Gaia data as well as radial velocities and HST/STIS and IUE spectra are used to derive properties of the components of the Cepheid systems. The colors of the companion candidates show a change in distribution at approximately 2000 au separations, from a range including both hot and cool colors for closer companions, to only low-mass companions for wider separations.
COVID-19 and COVID-like Patients: A Brief Analysis and Findings of Two Deceased Cases
Authors: Balzanelli Giosuè Mario , Distratis Pietro , Aityan Sergey K. , Amatulli Felice , Catucci Orazio , Cefalo Angelo , Dipalma Gianna , Inchingolo Francesco , Lazzaro Rita , Nguyen Kieu C. D. , Palazzo Davide , Hung Van Pham , Tomassone Diego , Cong Toai Tran , Isacco Ciro Gargiulo
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The predominant pattern of lung lesions in patients affected by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) disease is diffuse alveolar damage with massive thromboembolism similar as described in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses. Hyaline membrane formation and pneumocyte atypical hyperplasia were frequent. Importantly, the formation of platelet–fibrin thrombi in small vessels was seen consistent with coagulopathy, which appeared to be a common feature in patients who died of COVID-19. However, many were the cases found with similar COVID-19 symptomatology though negative results from nasal-pharyngeal swab performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This latter typology of patients, otherwise named COVID-like, showed analogous clinical signs with similar arterial blood gas, cell blood count and laboratory parameters, and same computed tomography (CT)-scan ground-glass opacities. Symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing were highly similar as well. Both forms, COVID-19 and COVID-like, are primarily respiratory with multi-organ involvement and both revealed comparable incubation periods often with a rapid onset and unexpected decay.
CASE REPORT: In this brief paper, we described two cases regarding two deceased males, one confirmed COVID-19 (RT-PCR but not CT scan) and the second a COVID-like (negative for RT-PCR but positive to CT scan with ground-glass opacity) whom condition, disease patterns, and analysis were highly similar.
CONCLUSION: Improved investigation is mandatory, in which RT-PCR and CT scan procedures are completed by data from more detailed laboratory analysis, ABG analysis, BALF, and a deeper clinical assessment.
Evaluation of Prognosis of Aortic Valve Stenosis: A New Approach Based on Transvalvular Energy Loss Index
Authors: Anguseva Tanja , Mitrev Zan , Milojevic Predrag , Zdravkovska Milka
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Estimation of aortic valve stenosis is not always sufficient based on standard parameters such as transvalvular pressure gradient (PG) or effective orifice area (EOA). We used transvalvular energy loss index (ELI) to provide more accurate information about myocardial reserve and patient’s prognosis. AIM: The aim of the study was to present the benefit of using ELI as a parameter that provides a more accurate estimation of aortic stenosis (AS) severity and influence on ventricular function. Second objective was to evaluate the performance of this index when predicting the mortality rate of patients. METHODS: In this follow-up trial from 2002 up 2020, we included 377 patients with reconstructive surgery of AS using bovine/equine pericardium, replacing valve cusps on patient’s aortic fibrous ring. Leaflets were implanted separately, using continuous sutures with 2 supported stitches at newly created commissure, without stent or sowing ring. Using transesophageal ultrasound, intraoperatively and postoperatively, we measured EOA, PG, dimensions of aortic annulus, and sinotubular junction of ascending aorta. Applying Bernoulli equation ELI = (EOA×AA)/(AA−EOA), we calculated the values of ELI. RESULTS: The results showed that ELI is influenced by both flow rate and aortic cross-sectional area (AA). Energy loss is systematically higher (15 ± 2%) in large aorta. ELI coefficient accurately predicted energy loss in all situations (r2 = 0.98). ELI was superior to EOA in predicting endpoints, such as early death after surgery. ELI ≤0.42 cm2/m2 strongly correlates with a higher mortality rate. CONCLUSION: ELI has potential to reflect severity of AS better than EOA. It correlates with preserved myocardial reserve. ELI can be used like a parameter for estimating the pre-operative risk of death in patients with moderate/severe AS.
Transcriptomic Profile of Distal Middle Cerebral Artery from Moyamoya Disease Patients Reveals a Potential Unique Pathway
Authors: Hermanto Yulius , Doi Kent , Faried Ahmad , Adam Achmad , Tjili Tondi M. , Arifin Muhammad Z. , Takagi Yasushi , Miyamoto Susumu
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a peculiar disease, characterized by progressive steno-occlusion of the distal ends of bilateral internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches. Numerous studies of MMD investigated as a singular pathway, thus overlooked the complexity of MMD pathobiology.
AIM: In this study, we sought to investigate the gene expression in the involved arteries to reveal the novel mechanism of MMD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight middle cerebral artery (MCA) specimens were obtained from six patients underwent surgical procedure superficial temporal artery to MCA (STA-MCA bypass) for MMD and two control patients. We performed RNA extraction and microarray analysis with Agilent Whole Human Genome DNA microarray 4x44K ver.2.0 (Agilent Tech., Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA).
RESULTS: From 42,405 gene probes assayed, 921 gene probes were differentially regulated in MCA of patients with MMD. Subsequent pathway analysis with PANTHER database revealed that angiogenesis, inflammation, integrin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and WNT pathways were distinctly regulated in MMD. Among genes in aforementioned pathways, SOS1 and AKT2 were the mostly distinctly regulated genes and closely associated with RAS pathway.
CONCLUSION: The gene expression in MCA of patients with MMD was distinctly regulated in comparison with control MCA; presumably be useful for elucidating MMD pathobiology.
Comparison between Serum Aldosterone Levels in Class I-II and Class III-IV Functional Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Darmawan Rizki , Indrajaya Taufik , Bahar Erial
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Aldosterone plays a role in the initiation and development of heart failure (HF). During congestive HF, the initial reduction in cardiac output stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which in turn exerts additional stress on the heart.
AIM: This research was aimed to explore the comparison of aldosterone levels between Class I-II functional HF and Class III-IV HF to optimize therapy in cases of HF.
METHODS: The study design is an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine Dr. Moh Hoesin Hospital in Palembang, Indonesia. All patients diagnosed with functional III-IV functional HF disease based on symptoms clinical, physical, and electrocardiography (ECG) examination and history of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) treatment are willing to join the research by signing informed consent.
RESULTS: There is no confounding variable that has a significantly different effect on the group I-II and III-IV functional HF groups. Aldosterone levels also did not show a significant difference between the group New York Heart Association (NYHA) I-II active HF group and the NYHA Class III-IV functional HF group (p = 0.445).
CONCLUSION: Serum aldosterone levels in patients with Class I-II functional HF and those with Class III-IV functional HF who consumed ACEIs or ARBs were not significantly different.
Accuracy of Fibrinogen/D-dimer Ratio in Predicting the Occurrence of Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon
Authors: Indrajaya Taufik , Ghanie Alie , Arman Andi
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Fibrinogen is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), which is an acute-phase protein that is released when inflammation occurs. Fibrinogen is an essential component in the coagulation cascade and affects hemostasis, hemorheology, platelet aggregation, and endothelial function. D-dimers are inevitable products of fibrin degradation that results from thrombin activation; XIII activated factors and plasmin.
AIM: This study was aimed to explore the accuracy of the fibrinogen/D-dimer ratio in predicting the slow flow phenomenon in CHD.
METHODS: The study design is a diagnostic test with a cross-sectional design to assess the accuracy of the fibrinogen/d-dimer ratio in predicting coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) in CHD. The study was conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Moh Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia. The independent variables in this study were serum fibrinogen and D-dimer levels. Meanwhile, the dependent variable is sufferers of CHD with CSFP and regular flow. All data obtained from this study were analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0 for Windows program with a 95% confidence limit.
RESULTS: This study showed that there was no difference in levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer in groups with CSFP and regular flow. Fibrinogen and D-dimer do not play a significant role in the CSFP process. The various etiological parts of this possible disorder still need further exploration and detail, ranging from the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the function of the autonomic nervous system, to the position of other endothelial factors.
CONCLUSION: This study proves that fibrinogen has specific but not sensitive predictors of CSFP. The d-dimer value is also not accurate as a CSFP predictor. This study demonstrates that the fibrinogen / d-dimer ratio is not precise as a predictor of CSFP events.
Estimating the burden of nosocomial exposure to tuberculosis in South Korea, a nationwide population based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Hyung Woo , Myong Jun-Pyo , Kim Ju Sang
Published: December 2020

Background/Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the current nationwide burden of nosocomial exposure to tuberculosis (TB) using national health insurance claims data.Methods: All patients who had claims for drug susceptibility testing for TB from 2012 to 2016, which indicated culture-proven TB, were included. The first day of the infectious period was defined as 3 months before a doctor’s suspicion of TB in patients with respiratory symptoms and 1 month before in patients without symptoms. The last day of the infectious period was defined as one day before the prescription of anti-TB medications. Patients hospitalized during infectious periods were investigated and their hospitalization days were calculated. Records of medical procedures which increased the risk of nosocomial transmission by generating aerosols were also investigated.Results: A total of 7,186 cases with 94,636 person-days of hospitalization with unrecognized active TB were found. Patients above 60 years of age accounted for 63.99% of the total number and 69.70% of the total duration of hospitalization. TB patients in the older age group showed a trend toward higher risks for hospitalization with unrecognized active TB. Patients in their 80s showed the highest risk (12.65%). Bronchoscopy (28.86%), nebulizer therapy (28.48%), and endotracheal intubation (13.02%) were common procedures performed in these patients during hospitalization.Conclusions: The burden of nosocomial exposure to TB in South Korea is still substantial. Hospitalization with unrecognized active TB, especially among the elderly TB patients could be a serious public health issue in South Korea.
Une réponse coordonnée du système de santé sous l’impulsion de l’État fédéral
Authors: Kahmann Marcus
Published: December 2020

L’Allemagne résiste relativement bien aux ravages de la pandémie. La crise sanitaire est l’occasion de révéler les importants moyens « proactifs » du système de santé, mais met aussi au jour des difficultés à les faire fonctionner. Si ces dernières n’ont pas produit davantage de dégâts sanitaires, c’est aussi parce que le fédéralisme a su faire preuve de sa capacité de coordination. Craignant que le système ne résiste pas à une deuxième vague, l’État fédéral injecte d’importants moyens financiers afin de sur-monter les faiblesses d’ordre social et industriel.
Après le choc initial, des ressources renouvelées pour le système sanitaire, en attendant une réforme plus ambitieuse ?
Authors: Tognetti Bordogna Mara , Polillo Battista Roberto , Mallet Jean-Olivier
Published: December 2020

Premier pays européen touché par la pandémie de Covid-19, l’Italie a dû faire face à la crise en s’appuyant sur un système de santé affaibli par des coupes budgétaires après la grande récession de 2008-2009, et aux moyens variables selon les Régions. Les tensions entre l’État central, responsable en cas d’urgence sanitaire, et les Régions, en charge de l’organisation de soins, ont pu entraver les réponses à la pandémie. L’adoption rapide de mesures d’exception (décrets Cura Italia et Rilancio) a permis néanmoins de renforcer temporairement les moyens financiers et humains du système national de santé en prévision d’une seconde vague épidémique, et le choc traumatique de l’épidémie de ressusciter l’intérêt pour une réforme sanitaire ambitieuse.
Entre émotion et raison, une mise à l’épreuve de l’animalisme
Authors: Houdayer Hélène
Published: December 2020

Nous proposons une lecture du mouvement animaliste à partir de ses fondements éthiques : la fin de la souffrance animale, l’égalité entre les espèces, la libération des bêtes du joug humain. Cela nous conduit à envisager un ensemble de mouvements sociaux dont celui porté par les antispécistes, associés à des pratiques de terrain. De nouvelles sensibilités, source de divergences entre les acteurs, se dessinent et nous conduisent à nous interroger sur les dimensions de notre humanité. Les relations avec les animaux peuvent-elles nous en apprendre davantage sur le rapport nature/culture ? La rationalité des acteurs est mise à l’épreuve par les sentiments inhérents à la cause, permettant de dégager des formes ambivalentes au sein du mouvement animaliste.
Prolégomènes à une analyse des points de vue antispécistes et véganes
Authors: Régnier Patrice , Héas Stéphane
Published: December 2020

L’engouement médiatique actuel autour des questions de morale animale et humaine concerne des groupes, si ce n’est une population, se définissant comme antispécistes, ou encore véganes. Loin d’être spontanées dans le champ social, ces dynamiques récentes s’expliquent massivement par le processus de civilisation au sein duquel les violences et leur tolérance sont structurées. Ainsi, les débats, controverses et actions en cours impliquent une évolution des mœurs couplée à des stratégies élaborées que l’entreprenariat de la morale permet d’analyser. Les discours et les actions antispécistes et véganes, dans toute leur variété, témoignent d’un positionnement particulièrement anthropocentré et d’une logique anthropomorphiste esquissés ici.
Dans les foyers, une protection au conditionnel
Authors: El Baz Ali , Daadouch Christophe
Published: December 2020

Caractérisés par une forte promiscuité, les foyers de travailleurs migrants se retrouvent être les lieux avec le plus fort taux de prévalence de la Covid-19. Difficiles à mettre en œuvre, les consignes sanitaires fixées par les notes ministérielles ou préfectorales y sont souvent restées lettre morte ou appliquées avec laxisme par des sociétés gestionnaires prenant prétexte de l’absence de personnel, lui-même confiné. Sans accès aux espaces collectifs, privés des liens de solidarité, les chibanis les plus âgés ont été abandonnés, comme le montre Ali El Baz, membre du Collectif pour l’avenir des foyers.
L’aide alimentaire en temps de Covid
Authors: Le Méner Erwan , Guénée Lorraine , Macchi Odile
Published: December 2020

À Paris, la crise sanitaire et le confinement ont modifié la carte des distributions alimentaires et aggravé la situation des ménages vivant d’emplois précaires et durement touchés par l’inactivité contrainte. Mais les guichets de l’aide alimentaire ont également accueilli des personnes que les intervenants sociaux n’avaient pas repérées auparavant. S’agit-il pour autant de « nouveaux publics » ? Et parmi ces pauvres, la part des populations immigrées, que l’on sait importante en temps normal, a-telle évolué ? L’Observatoire du Samusocial a mené l’enquête.
L’Ardhis : lutte d’expert·es en faveur des étrangers et étrangères LGBT ?
Authors: Bécasse Julien , Cesaro Sebastiano , Chossière Florent
Published: December 2020

L’Association pour la reconnaissance des droits des personnes homosexuelles et trans à l’immigration et au séjour (Ardhis) est l’un des acteurs incontournables de la défense des droits des étrangers et étrangères LGBT en France. Composée d’une soixantaine de militant·es, elle s’appuie sur une expertise technique : un ensemble de savoirs et savoir-faire spécifiques et un mode d’action au cœur des pratiques militantes 1 .
Le Comité des Houillères face aux syndicats ouvriers, entre stratégie d’évitement et influence parlementaire (année 1880-1914)
Authors: Philippe Aurélie
Published: December 2020

À la fin du xix e  siècle, les mineurs reprochent aux compagnies minières de régir toute leur vie. Pour se faire entendre, ils fondent une organisation syndicale dont les revendications sont portées au Parlement et se transforment en propositions de lois soumises au vote des deux Chambres. Cette activité parlementaire entraîne une levée de boucliers des industriels qui s’unissent et fondent le Comité des Houillères en 1887. Cette organisation patronale naissante refuse dès le départ de négocier en tant que représentant de la profession avec les syndicats ouvriers. Celle-ci met en place une stratégie d’évitement, laissant les exploitants trouver des accords avec les syndicats de mineurs au niveau régional, et aidant les compagnies minières à résister aux actions ouvrières par une caisse anti-grève. Tout comme le syndicat de mineurs, le Comité des Houillères tente d’intervenir dans l’élaboration des lois minières, notamment celles sur la journée de huit heures, ou sur la lutte contre l’ankylostome.
Le travail du sucre (France du Nord et Belgique – des années 1830 aux années 1930)
Authors: Laloux Ludovic
Published: December 2020

Après l’opération de communication politique menée en 1811-1812 par Napoléon et qui se révéla un échec hormis dans le département du Nord, le véritable essor de la production de sucre à partir de la betterave se produit sous la Restauration vers 1828. Implanté dans le Pas-de-Calais, Louis Crespel-Dellisse joue un rôle majeur dans cette impulsion qui concerne la Picardie jusqu’à la Hesbaye, au cœur de la Belgique et se répercute dans l’organisation du travail du sucre. Se produit en effet le passage d’une fabrique de sucre, localisée dans une ferme, à une usine plus importante, plus moderne, plus compétitive et plus proche des moyens de communication (voies ferrées et canaux). Du côté français, cette évolution se traduit par un déplacement du centre de gravité de la production vers l’Aisne et d’autres terres du Bassin parisien. Après l’effondrement de la production du sucre durant la Grande Guerre, la relance de la production s’effectue dans les années 1920 grâce à une concentration des nouvelles sucreries de plus en plus équipées par du matériel compétitif où le travail physique disparaît. Ces mues successives de la filière sucrière la consacrent comme la véritable pierre angulaire de l’industrialisation des campagnes.
Protéger les personnes les plus vulnérables au travail ? Quand la Belgique s’invite dans les débats parlementaires français : à propos de la loi du 2 novembre 1892 sur « le travail des enfants, des filles et des femmes dans les établissements industriels »
Authors: Lekéal Farid
Published: December 2020

La question sociale en Belgique fait l’objet de nombreuses références dans les débats parlementaires français ayant précédé la promulgation de la loi du 2 novembre 1892 sur le travail des enfants, des filles et des femmes dans les établissements industriels, d’autant que la Belgique peut se prévaloir d’une certaine antériorité dans ce domaine depuis l’adoption de la loi du 13 décembre 1889 concernant le travail des femmes, des adolescents et des enfants dans les établissements industriels. La situation faite aux travailleurs de l’industrie en Belgique suscite l’intérêt des parlementaires des régions frontalières du nord de la France et de ceux qui pensent pouvoir tirer argument de l’état de la législation sociale du royaume, soit pour œuvrer à retarder, soit, au contraire, pour tenter de précipiter l’adoption de dispositions spécifiques destinées à protéger une partie de la main-d’œuvre que son âge ou son sexe prédisposerait à une plus grande vulnérabilité. Cet article se propose de saisir, à travers les interventions des députés et sénateurs publiées dans le Bulletin de l’inspection du travail , les éléments qui contribuent à forger l’image du royaume de Belgique en matière sociale, et d’essayer d’interroger les ressorts qui contribuent à cette représentation. Cette revue, fondée en 1893 par le ministère du Commerce, de l’Industrie et des Colonies a pour vocation de diffuser « tous les actes officiels et tous les documents et travaux divers se rattachant à la réglementation du travail, à l’hygiène et à la sécurité des ateliers ».
José Boisjoli, un constructeur de proximité
Authors: Auger Claudine , Girard Martin
Published: December 2020

Depuis plus de trois décennies, José Boisjoli roule sur les sentiers de Bombardier Produits récréatifs (BRP). Cette entreprise québécoise, qui a quitté il y a plus de quinze ans le giron de la société mère fondée en 1942 par Joseph-Armand Bombardier, a par la suite connu un développement remarquable. Pour son dirigeant, le secret du succès réside dans le risque calculé qu’on sait prendre et dans l’écoute attentive qu’on accorde aux clients.
L’humour, une couche d’époxy sur le plafond de verre ?
Authors: Patry Catherine
Published: December 2020

Quand on analyse la littérature scientifique, un constat s’impose : l’humour devrait être utilisé dans toutes les organisations. Or, bien que les hommes et les femmes ne le pratiquent pas de la même façon, on recense peu d’études sur le recours à l’humour par les leaders féminins en entreprise. Cette question est même quasi totalement absente du discours managérial.
L’impartition des TI, un facilitateur de l’agilité organisationnelle
Authors: Karimi-Alaghehband Forough , Rivard Suzanne , Gril Emmanuelle
Published: December 2020

À l’ère de la transformation numérique, les défis à relever sont nombreux pour les entreprises. Dans ce contexte, l’impartition des technologies de l’information peut jouer un rôle stratégique et soutenir l’agilité organisationnelle. Aperçu des conditions gagnantes pour utiliser cette approche.
Magnetization Control through the Orbital Current: Orbitronics beyond Spintronics
Authors: LEE Soogil , LEE Nyun Jong , KANG Min-Gu , PARK Byong-Guk
Published: December 2020

A recent study on orbital current, as a result of the orbital Hall effect, has received much attention because it is expected to provide energy-efficient electrical magnetization control in emerging spintronic devices. In this article, we introduce the concept of the orbital-current-induced spin torque, which is called the orbital torque, and discuss the advantages of using the orbital current for magnetization switching. We also summarize the recent theoretical and experimental results for the orbital current and the orbital torque in various material systems.
El codex Matritensis BN 4565 de la Odisea: descripción, valoración y colación de Od. α-δ
Authors: Valverde Sánchez Mariano
Published: December 2020

Este artículo examina el codex Matr. 4565 de la Odisea, valora su aportación y su posición dentro de la tradición manuscrita del poema y ofrece la colación completa del mismo para los cantos α-δ de la Odisea. A partir de los datos analizados se concluye que es un testigo valioso para algunas lecturas interesantes y que no puede ser reducido a mero apógrafo de ninguno de los manuscritos más antiguos, si bien mantiene cierto grado de afinidad con el Palat. 45 y estrecha proximidad con algunos recentiores.
El dilema de Gelio en Noctes Atticae XIV 2: enfoques legales y éticos en los procesos judiciales
Authors: Jerue Benjamin Adam
Published: December 2020

En sus Noctes Atticae XIV 2, Aulo Gelio describe un caso que presidió como juez, y en el que fue incapaz de pronunciar un veredicto. Su indecisión está relacionada con el desequilibrio entre las características éticas de los litigantes y las pruebas (o la falta de ellas). Este trabajo examina el papel desempeñado por Favorino, que cita a Catón el Viejo con la intención de influir sobre Gelio para que, como juez, tomase su decisión. Enlazando esta anécdota con los debates modernos en torno a los argumenta ex persona en los juicios, este artículo defiende que Gelio no estaba confundido por una contradicción entre las pruebas, sino que, simplemente, no podía escoger entre ética y ley, los dos marcos de evaluación que podía haber utilizado para resolver el problema.
La cuenta de la vida de Antonio de Nebrija grammatico
Authors: Gómez Asencio José J.
Published: December 2020

Se presentan informaciones, datos y apuntes sobre la vida —y la obra, y el temperamento o la personalidad— del maestro Antonio de Lebrija grammatico. La mayor parte de ese bagaje procede de La pasión de saber. Vida de Antonio de Nebrija (2019), o guarda una estrecha relación con ese libro, que a propósito se presenta, se examina, se resume y se valora en esta nota.
Space, the final frontier: In the scientific pursuit of extraterrestrial life away from Earth
Authors: Elani Zion
Published: December 2020

For decades we have been searching for an answer to the knotty question, “do aliens exist?.” Other questions in line are: “where are they?,” “are they like us, sophisticated intelligent beings?” or “do they exist in the form of simpler lifeforms?,”
“Have they ever visited us?,” “Why haven't we encountered them yet?,” “or have we?” To satiate this curiosity, astrophysicists and astronomers have come up with innumerable theories and ideas, engaged in building facilities and institutes and come up with
a planet-wide effort for the search of extraterrestrial intelligence — SETI  @  home. This article will take a ride through time, from the first documented idea to look for extraterrestrial beings to the current
exploration of this field.
Torture: banality of evil or radical evil?
Authors: Dutra Delamar José Volpato
Published: December 2020

The text aims to explore legal and moral aspects of torture. Under the legal aspect the text compares three definitions of torture: UN definition, Brazilian definition, and Spanish definition. In this regard, neither the UN formulation nor the Brazilian formulation are ideal, because the Brazilian legal definition restricts the element of action by the part of the perpetrator of torture, and the UN convention restricts the effect on the victim, given that pain or suffering should be severe. The hypothesis is that a better proposal could be linked to the Spanish Penal Code, which in its art. 174 defines torture as the submission of someone “to conditions or procedures that, due to their nature, duration or other circumstances, involve physical or mental suffering, the suppression or decrease of their faculties of knowledge, discernment or decision, or that otherwise undermine their moral integrity”. Concerning the moral meaning of the repulse to torture it is intended to defend the paradigmatic character of the human right to not be tortured in at least two respects. The first aspect refers to its universalizing vocation in the full sense, since it can be extended to all sentient beings. In this regard, the prohibition of torture goes beyond the dominium of personality to advance in the direction of a domain of suffering not determined by the mask of personality. The second aspect is that the prohibition stands for an absolute right with no exceptions, precisely because of its deeper moral content.Keywords:radical evil, torture, perpetrator.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in the Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Alharbi Abdullah Rashed
Published: December 2020

Interstitial lung diseases involve multiple pathological mechanisms, including interstitial and alveolar destruction. In addition, pulmonary inflammation associated with the disease can reduce lung capacity and induce hypoxia, which becomes more significant with exercise. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is used for diagnostic purposes and functional evaluation. This type of testing can measure the walking distance versus time to estimate the functional capacity of patients enrolled in rehabilitation programs. It can also assess cardiopulmonary functions in terms of carbon dioxide output, pulmonary gas exchange, as well as lung response influenced by exercise. Therefore, this systematic review aims to explore the clinical significance of using cardiopulmonary exercise testing in interstitial lung disease by reviewing the present medical literature. The literature review was carried out through Medline, Ovid, PubMed, and Google scholar databases, between 2010 and 2020. Searching terms included were a combination of “Cardiopulmonary exercise testing” AND “interstitial lung diseases.” After literature review, results were revised manually to include only original research articles evaluating the use of cardiopulmonary testing in interstitial lung disease. Selected trials mentioned the respiratory parameters evaluated. Seven articles were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. The available data on cardiopulmonary exercise testing in interstitial lung diseases are explicitly still unclear. This finding opens the gates for future well-designed studies on this population.
Epigenetic Modifications Due to Childhood Trauma Causative of Potential Mental and Physical Disorders
Authors: Megala J. , Sivakumar Diveyaa , Jha Divya , Kundu Soumyadyuti , Arora Khyati , Gayathri V.
Published: December 2020

The early years of life are when brain and behavioral development are most impacted by the environment. Children need to be in a nurturing environment with responsive and sensitive caretakers to ensure normal development. Findings have shown that traumatic events that occur during these stages tend to have lasting effects that extend to adulthood. Epigenetic modifications of the genes and receptors involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have been shown to be the link between early life adversities (ELAs) and the increased risk of disease in adulthood. In this review, we have discussed the effect of ELAs on child development and its associated disorders in later life. We have also highlighted certain prominent genes involved in the stress response that have been reported to be epigenetically regulated in response to ELAs. As the detrimental mental and physical health consequences of ELAs have been well documented, we have also included reports that validate the hypothesis that ELAs increase the risk of depression and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in adulthood. Learning how these epigenetic modifications could occur in early stages, can help us in discovering new therapeutic interventions to reverse these effects by expressing or inhibiting the genes. Also, studying the interrelation between biological and psychological systems will provide an opportunity to improve treatment outcomes.
Advancing Mental Health Nursing Practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alyahya Norah Mohammed , Munro Ian , Moss Cheryle
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the current mental health nursing care to recovery for consumers with psychosis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has been presented through one author's experience. This discussion showed major gaps in the practice. To advance this practice, it was important to understand the background of contemporary research about the role and work of nurses caring for consumers with psychosis and assisting with recovery. In addition, the perspectives of mental health nurses about their practice of care for psychosis globally were also provided. Finally, these global matters had been translated within the KSA context into advance mental health nursing care and recovery for psychosis in the aspects of education and practice. The emphasis on gender-focused research as an imperative need has been recommended.
Post-enucleation Retinoblastoma
Authors: Al-Kofide Amani , Alkatan Hind M. , Khafaga Yasser , Siddiqui Khawar , Jafri Rafat , Ayas Mouhab , AlMesfer Saleh A
Published: December 2020

Background:

The aim is to assess if International Classification for Retinoblastoma (ICRB) and American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System (AJCC) for patients with advanced Retinoblastoma (RB) who underwent enucleation correlated in predicting the successful outcome of chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods:

Medical records of fifty-eight pediatric patients (age ≤14 years) who underwent enucleation at King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital, and treated post enucleation at KFSH and RC from 2012 to 2016 were reviewed.

Results:

RB was unilateral in 30 (51.7%), bilateral in 26 (44.8%) and trilateral in 2 (3.4%). One (1.7%) had metastatic disease. Sixty-one enucleation was performed on 58 patients; unilateral in 55 (94.8%) and bilateral in the 3 (5.2%) cases. Disease was ICRB Group E in 43 (70.5%), Group D in 11 (18.0%), Group C and A in 3 (4.9%) each, and Group B in 1 (1.6%) at diagnosis (P < 0.001). The median age at diagnosis was the highest in Group E compared to other groups (P = 0.254). All patients received chemotherapy. Nine (18.8%) patients classified as Group D or E as per the ICRB classification turned out to be pT1 or pT2a (low-risk), while one classified as Group C was of stage pT1. Probability of 5-year overall survival for the whole cohort was 93.0% (±4.0%); 94.5% (±3.8%) for Group E (2 mortalities) and 80.0% (±17.9%) for Stage D with one event of mortality (P: 0.972).

Conclusion:

Older children presented with ICRB Group E. Group E eyes had a high pTNM risk group than Group D. ICRB tends to correlate with pTNM. The ICRB classification is essential for decision making on enucleation; however, AJCC pTNM classification plays a pivotal role in deciding on postenucleation adjuvant treatment.
Kraška polja v Sloveniji
Authors: Stepišnik Uroš
Published: December 2020

Kraška polja so kotanje v krasu, ki so zelo pogoste zlasti na Dinarskem krasu. Kljub številnim skupnim značilnostim se pojavljajo v zelo različnih kraških okoljih in delujejo na različne načine. V raziskavi je predstavljena nova tipizacija kraških polj, ki poenostavlja dosedanje tipizacije. Polja opredeljuje glede na geomorfološko okolje, v katerem se pojavljajo, kot ojezerjena, prelivna, pritočna in predledeniška. V raziskavi smo na osnovi nove tipizacije opredelili vseh 35 kraških polj v Sloveniji.
Predicative Adverbs and Adjectives with Infinitival Subjects. A Corpus Investigation
Authors: Przepiórkowski Adam , Patejuk Agnieszka
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to compare two Polish predicative constructions with infinitival subjects, namely those with predicative adverbs and those with predicative adjectives. The latter construction, of the form “predicative adjective + copula + infinitival subject”, has hardly been noticed in Polish literature on predication, copulas, or infinitival subjects. On the basis of corpus data, mainly from the National Corpus of Polish, we demonstrate that this construction is much rarer than the analogous construction with predicative adverbs. We also show that roughly the same predicates may be expressed as either adverbs or as adjectives when the subject is an infinitival phrase – any observed differences are not systematic but rather stem from lexical gaps and differences in the meanings of particular adverbs and adjectives. In particular, certain modal predicates may only be expressed as adjectives because the corresponding adverbs do not express the same non-epistemic modal meanings. Finally, we provide new corpus evidence for an earlier claim that predicative adjectives are much rarer than adverbs when the subject is infinitival because they require this subject to undergo covert nominalisation; as adverbs combine with infinitival subjects directly, they are usually preferred.
Pengaruh Komite Audit Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Dengan Dewan Komisaris Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Shanti Yunita Kurnia
Published: December 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of the audit committee on the company's financial performance with the board of commissioners as an intervening variable in manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector in 2016-2018. The population in this study is the manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector which are listed on the Indonesia stock exchange in the 2016-2018 period. The sampling method uses purposive sampling, which is a sampling technique with certain considerations or criteria. The number of samples obtained that can be processed is 90 samples. The data analysis method used is path analysis which has previously gone through a classic assumption test, testing is done directly and indirectly. The results of this study indicate the audit committee directly and significantly influences the company's financial performance. Both audit committees have an indirect and significant effect on the company's financial performance with the board of commissioners as an intervening variable. This shows that the calculation of the beta coefficient directly is greater than the indirect beta coefficient which is 0.230>0.05552. This result means that the board of Commissioners variable cannot be an intervening variable of the audit committee on financial performance, because the effective supervisory function in evaluating the results of internal and external audits on the presentation of financial statements becomes the role of the audit committee.
Adaptability of Primary and Middle Schools to Post-Pandemic Reuse -
A Discussion in the Context of Flexibility
Authors: Guzelci Orkan Zeynel , Alacam Sema , Kocabay Serkan , Akkuyu Elif Isik
Published: December 2020

This study discusses how the existing primary and middle school buildings can be adapted to the new needs emerging in the Covid-19 process. The three levels of adaptation are defined as follows: Building envelope-outdoor space relationship, plan layout-function relationship, and furniture relocation. In the scope of this study, five selected school plans were evaluated in the context of flexibility in the plan layout-function relationship. In this study, the concept of “adaptation” is considered as a design approach at the early design phase and/or intervention to respond to a new need in the life cycle of the building.
A Design Studio Workshop Proposal for Comparable Evaluation of the First Year Architecture and Interior Design Students
Authors: Karacali Atlihan Onat
Published: December 2020

Design studios are the key features of design education. These studios are carried on uniquely and distinctly. Both the progress and grade phases are very special. For architecture and interior design disciplines, the design studio consists of an architectural or interior project design. Design studios are now accepted as the main courses of the semester, and other courses serve as the supportive ones. The traditional architectural presentation techniques used in the design studio were technical drawing and physical modeling. In the last three decades, computer-aided methods joined this list. These three main methods are the base of architectural expression and are taught generally in the first year of education. The following workshop proposal aims to figure out whether the order of these methods is effective in the understanding of first-year students. The workshop is going to choose students from both high and low grades of related supportive courses and divide them into equally distributed groups. A sample structural project is going to be given and each group will follow a different permutation of technical drawing, physical modeling, and computer-aided modeling. All works will be graded at both group and individual levels. Finally, there is going to be comparable data in hand to decide both the more correct permutation and the individual student effort independent from the group.
Von PISA nach Wien
Authors: Bernhard Roland
Published: December 2020

Vor rund einem Jahrzehnt wurde in Österreich die domänenspezifische Kompetenzorientierung im Fach Geschichte und Sozialkunde/Politische Bildung curricular verordnet.
Dies war ein Paradigmenwechsel, der den fachdidaktischen theoretischen Diskurs seither stark befruchtet. Doch wie ist die Kompetenzorientierung in der Praxis des Unterrichts und in den Überzeugungen von Lehrpersonen angekommen? Dieser Frage wurde im Rahmen zweier vom Autor an den Universitäten Salzburg und Oxford
durchgeführten Forschungsprojekte empirisch nachgegangen. Der Autor hat 50 qualitative Interviews mit in der Praxis stehenden Lehrpersonen zahlreicher verschiedener Schulen durchgeführt und ausgewertet. Auf diese Weise konnte das Kompetenzverständnis der Lehrpersonen und deren Überzeugungen und Vorbehalte zum Thema Kompetenzorientierung umfassend rekonstruiert werden.
A Descriptive Study of HRCT Findings In Adult Female Patients with Covid 19 Infection
Authors: Wagh Dr. Suma , Wagh Dr. Dhananjay , Pande Dr. Siddharth , Patel Dr. Dhananjay
Published: December 2020

ON NOVEMBER 2019, a new Corona virus pneumonia had just taken roots. It happened as a result of interspecies transmission COVID-19 from a mammalian species, likely a bat, to humans. This virus was first found in clusters in Wuhan, China after which it spread all over the world at a very fast pace having worldwide humanitarian and economic repercussions. HRCT has become the mainstay of radiological investigations in this pandemic and often showed diagnostic accuracy before the onset of clinical manifestations. Few studies have tried to establish a correlation between the outcome of COVID 19 and gender. Studies found that the severity of the illness was more and clearance of SARS-CoV-2 virus was less in males as compared to females.1 Hence it is of utmost importance to study the pattern of lung involvement on HRCT in female patients to aid the researchers and clinicians in further understanding of the etiopathogenesis.  Thus this study was conducted to look for specific and also unusual patterns of radiological findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in females if any.
SYNERGY OF THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY ELECTRONIC PLATFORM FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY PARTICIPANTS AND UNIFIED AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEM OF CUSTOMS SERVICES (UAIS) AS A BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGY FOR RUSSIAN TRANSIT POTENTIAL GROWING AND STRENGTHENING COOPERATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET
Authors: Vlasov Dmitry
Published: December 2020

The implementation of communication identification tools in form of comprehensive triple toolkit as part of the “transparent international transport green corridor” will significantly simplify and accelerate the rate of passage and movement for transit foreign trade cargo flows. It will help law-abiding business community as foreign trade participants to follow the customs legislation within the customs territory of the EAEU, as well as to follow the level and quality of customs control at border checkpoints and within the route of goods along the entire transport corridor. The innovations will provide a huge regional infrastructure and socio-economic stability of regions, districts and settlements, thus it will lead to the stable employment of Russia and other EAEU citizens, as well as other world country-partners that take part in the “transparent international transport green corridor”.
ETHNO-CULTURAL ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION: EXPERIENCE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Petrishchev Vyacheslav
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the ethno-cultural aspects of globalization on the example of European countries, members of the European Union. The influence of the ethno-cultural factor on political, economic and cultural relations within the EU member-states, between the EU member-states and relations with immigrants from Africa, Asia and the Middle East is shown. The forecast for the further development of the European Union as a major factor of globalization is given.
REGIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOMENT: EXPERIENCE OF ANALYTICAL RESEARCH IN CHINA
Authors: Makeeva Svetlana
Published: December 2020

The article presents the views of Chinese scientists Liu Li, Mao Hanmei, Mao Zhifeng, Fan Chuanli, Zhang Kunmin, Zhong Yumin on the implementation of the sustainable development concept in solving global issues in individual countries and regions.
ON THE WAY TO GLOBAL WORLD: GLOBAL PROCESSES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ursul Arkady , Ursul Tatyana
Published: December 2020

Global research has already included the unfolding global process of sustainable development, which should ensure our common future, existence, the safe evolution of civilization and the preservation of the biosphere. Taking into account the global transition to sustainable development, the article proposes to understand the global world as a stage of socio-natural development, which will be formed through the achievement of general planetary and geocosmic stability.