bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial methane emissions from the Last Glacial Maximum to the preindustrial period
Authors: Kleinen Thomas , Mikolajewicz Uwe , Brovkin Victor
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We investigate the changes in terrestrial natural methane emissions
between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and preindustrial (PI) periods by performing
time-slice experiments with a methane-enabled version of MPI-ESM,
the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model. We consider
all natural sources of methane except for emissions from wild animals
and geological sources, i.e. emissions from wetlands, fires, and termites.
Changes are dominated by changes in tropical wetland emissions, with
mid-to-high-latitude wetlands playing a secondary role, and all other
natural sources being of minor importance. The emissions are determined
by the interplay of vegetation productivity, a function of CO2
and temperature; source area size, affected by sea level and ice sheet
extent; and the state of the West African monsoon, with increased
emissions from northern Africa during strong monsoon phases. We show that it is possible to explain the difference in atmospheric
methane between LGM and PI purely by changes in emissions. As emissions
more than double between LGM and PI, changes in the atmospheric lifetime
of CH4, as proposed in other studies, are not required.
Large scale climate signals of a European oxygen isotope network from tree-rings – predominantly caused by ENSO teleconnections?
Authors: Balting Daniel F. , Ionita Monica , Wegmann Martin , Helle Gerhard , Schleser Gerhard H. , Rimbu Norel , Freund Mandy B. , Heinrich Ingo , Caldarescu Diana , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We investigate the annual variability of δ18O tree ring records from sites distributed all over Europe covering the last 400 years. An Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis reveals two distinct modes of variability on the basis of the existing δ18O tree ring records. The first mode of δ18O variability is associated with anomaly patterns of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and reflects a multi-seasonal climatic signal. The ENSO signal is visible for the last 130 years, but is found weak during the period 1600 to 1850 suggesting that the relationship between ENSO and the European climate may not stable over time. The second mode of δ18O variability, which captures an out-of-phase variability between northwestern and southeastern European δ18O tree ring records, is related to a regional summer atmospheric circulation pattern revealing a pronounced centre over the North Sea. Locally, the δ18O anomalies associated with this mode show the same (opposite) sign with temperature (precipitation). We infer that the investigation of large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and related teleconnections far beyond instrumental records can be done with oxygen isotopic signature derived from tree rings. However, the European δ18Ocel tree network needs to be consolidated and updated, as well as additional research on the stationarity of reconstructed climate signals and the stationarity of teleconnections is advisable.
Local fractions – a method for the calculation of local source contributions to air pollution, illustrated by examples using the EMEP MSC-W model (rv4_33)
Authors: Wind Peter , Rolstad Denby Bruce , Gauss Michael
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We present a computationally inexpensive method for individually quantifying the contributions from different sources to local air pollution. It can explicitly distinguish between regional–background and local–urban air pollution, allowing for fully consistent downscaling schemes. The method can be implemented in existing Eulerian chemical transport models and can be used to distinguish the contribution of a large number of emission sources to air pollution in every receptor grid cell within one single model simulation and thus to provide detailed maps of the origin of the pollutants. Hence, it can be used for time-critical operational services by providing scientific information as input for local policy decisions on air pollution abatement. The main limitation in its current version is that nonlinear chemical processes are not accounted for and only primary pollutants can be addressed. In this paper we provide a technical description of the method and discuss various applications for scientific and policy purposes.
Quantification of drainable water storage volumes on landmasses and in river networks based on GRACE and river runoff using a cascaded storage approach – first application on the Amazon
Authors: Riegger Johannes
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The knowledge of water storage volumes in catchments and in river networks
leading to river discharge is essential for the description of river
ecology, the prediction of floods and specifically for a sustainable
management of water resources in the context of climate change. Measurements
of mass variations by the GRACE gravity satellite or by ground-based
observations of river or groundwater level variations do not permit the
determination of the respective storage volumes, which could be considerably
bigger than the mass variations themselves. For fully humid tropical conditions like the Amazon the relationship between
GRACE and river discharge is linear with a phase shift. This permits the hydraulic time constant to be determined and thus the total
drainable storage directly from observed runoff can be quantified, if the phase shift can be
interpreted as the river time lag. As a time lag can be described by a
storage cascade, a lumped conceptual model with cascaded storages for the
catchment and river network is set up here with individual hydraulic time
constants and mathematically solved by piecewise analytical solutions. Tests of the scheme with synthetic recharge time series show that a
parameter optimization either versus mass anomalies or runoff reproduces the
time constants for both the catchment and the river network τC and τR in a unique way, and this then permits an individual
quantification of the respective storage volumes. The application to the
full Amazon basin leads to a very good fitting performance for total mass,
river runoff and their phasing (Nash–Sutcliffe for signals 0.96, for monthly
residuals 0.72). The calculated river network mass highly correlates (0.96
for signals, 0.76 for monthly residuals) with the observed flood area from
GIEMS and corresponds to observed flood volumes. The fitting performance versus GRACE permits river runoff and
drainable storage volumes to be determined from recharge and GRACE exclusively, i.e. even for
ungauged catchments. An adjustment of the hydraulic time constants (τC, τR) on a training period facilitates a simple
determination of drainable storage volumes for other times directly from
measured river discharge and/or GRACE and thus a closure of data gaps
without the necessity of further model runs.
Impact of coastal East Antarctic ice rises on surface mass balance: insights from observations and modeling
Authors: Kausch Thore , Lhermitte Stef , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Wever Nander , Inoue Mana , Pattyn Frank , Sun Sainan , Wauthy Sarah , Tison Jean-Louis , van de Berg Willem Jan
Published: March 2020

Abstract. About 20 % of all snow accumulation in Antarctica occurs on the ice shelves. There, ice rises control the spatial surface mass balance (SMB) distribution by inducing snowfall variability and wind erosion due to their topography. Moreover these ice rises buttress the ice flow and represent ideal drilling locations for ice cores. In this study we assess the connection between snowfall variability and wind erosion to provide a better understanding of how ice rises impact SMB variability, how well this is captured in the regional atmospheric climate model RACMO2, and the implications of this SMB variability for ice rises as an ice core drilling site. By combining ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiles from two ice rises in Dronning Maud Land with ice core dating we reconstruct spatial and temporal SMB variations from 1982 to 2017 and compare the observed SMB with output from RACMO2 and SnowModel. Our results show snowfall driven differences of up to 1.5 times higher SMB on the windward side of both ice rises than on the leeward side, as well as a local erosion driven minimum at the ice divide of the ice rises. RACMO2 captures the snowfall driven differences, but overestimates their magnitude, whereas the erosion on the peak can be reproduced by SnowModel with RACMO2 forcing. Observed temporal variability of the average SMBs, retrieved from the GPR data for four time intervals in the 1982–2017 range, are low at the peak of the easternmost ice rise (~ 0.03 m w.e./yr), while being three times higher (~ 0.1 m w.e./yr) on the windward side of the ice rise. This implies that at the peak of the ice rise, higher snowfall, driven by orographic uplift, is balanced out by local erosion. As a consequence of this the SMB recovered from the ice core matches the SMB from the GPR at the peak of the ice rise, but not at the windward side of the ice rise, suggesting that the SMB signal is dampened in the ice core.
Subsea cable management: Failure trending for offshore wind
Authors: Strang-Moran Charlotte
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Subsea power cable failure is an issue which is detrimental to both export cables for Offshore Transmission Owners (OFTO) and inter-array cables for wind farm operators. As the offshore wind sector advances in technology, size and capability, future sites will be farther offshore to harness the most powerful of wind conditions. As technology adapts and offshore wind develops, subsea cables are also required to acclimatise and become more reliable. This paper will review current subsea cable failures in the UK sector. In addition, it will provide an overview of the methodology used to initiate the failure trending, and further discuss the importance of accurate data and the constraints on the initial findings.
Contributors
Authors: Nara Hiroshi
Published: March 2020

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Back Matter
Authors: Nara Hiroshi
Published: March 2020

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Joryū hōdan: Shōwa o ikita josei sakka-tachi
Authors: Horiguchi Noriko J.
Published: March 2020

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Translation and Linguistic Validation of the Korean Version of the Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life Questionnaire
Authors: Yoon Young Eun , Cho Sung Yong
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Although cure rate and efficacy of treatment for urinary stone disease have been improved, clinicians have been indifferent to the quality of life (QoL) of stone patients in Korea. The objective of this study was to develop a Korean version of Wisconsin questionnaire about quality of life questionnaire (K-WISQOL) of stone patients for use in Korea.Methods: Linguistic validation was permitted for translation by its developers. Three bilingual nonspecialists and 11 panels who were actively involved in treating urinary stone patients performed the translation and linguistic validations. A trained interviewer and 5 Korean patients carried out cognitive debriefing.Results: Noun words such as “energy” and “responsibilities” were very difficult to translate to Korean. They were substituted by more comprehensive words. After backward translation, translated sentences showed a good agreement with the original WISQOL. During backward translation and the second reconciliation, previously translated Korean version was revised in 5 sentences. In the cognitive debriefing process, all 5 patients thought that these questions explained the patient’s situation well. Most of these respondents answered that explanatory notes of questionnaire were well written and the format of the questionnaire was easy to follow.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that, despite language differences, translation and linguistic validation of the KWISQOL were successfully performed. This K-WISQOL could be useful tools for treatment plan and patient care.
Intravesical Loss of OnabotulinumtoxinA During Endoscopic Intradetrusor Injection - A Multicenter Experience
Authors: Šámal Vladimír , Krhut Jan , Paldus Vít , Műllerová Jana , Mečl Jan
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To evaluate intravesical loss of onabolunumtoxinA (onaBTA) during endoscopic injection into the bladder wall for treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). The intraluminal loss of onaBTA cannot be determined directly, therefore we added methylene blue (MB) to reconstitute onaBTA. Subsequently we used spectrophotometry to determine the total amount of MB in the irrigation fluid, which allowed us to calculate total intraluminal loss of onaBTA.Methods: The study population was consisted of 48 patients with NDO. The mean age was 36.6±8.9 years. Forty-two patients suffered from NDO due to spinal cord injury and 6 patients suffered from multiple sclerosis. Each patient received 200 units of onaBTA administered by 30 endoscopic injections (1 mL per injection) using a 23-G needle. The entire volume of irrigation fluid was collected and spectrophotometry was used to determine the MB concentration. The total amount of injected onaBTA, total amount of irrigation solution and the known amount of MB used during reconstitution, allowed for the determination of intravesical loss of onaBTA.Results: Forty-five patients were included in the final analysis. The mean volume of irrigation fluid was 603.33±400.14 mL. The mean absorbance was 0.14±0.12 with the mean MB concentration 0.19±0.18 mg/L. The mean calculated loss of onaBTA was 4.14±4.11 units.Conclusions: The endoscopic injection of onaBTA marked by MB into the bladder wall is associated with minimal intravesical loss of the agent, representing less than 3% of the administered dose of MB. This may reflect the amount of the onaBTA detected in the irrigation fluid.
The Urine Microbiome of Healthy Men and Women Differs by Urine Collection Method
Authors: Pohl Hans G. , Groah Suzanne L. , Pérez-Losada Marcos , Ljungberg Inger , Sprague Bruce M. , Chandal Neel , Caldovic Ljubica , Hsieh Michael
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Compared to the microbiome of other body sites, the urinary microbiome remains poorly understood. Although noninvasive voided urine specimens are convenient, contamination by urethral microbiota may confound understanding of the bladder microbiome. Herein we compared the voiding- versus catheterization-associated urine microbiome of healthy men and women.Methods: An asymptomatic, healthy cohort of 6 women and 14 men underwent midstream urine collection, followed by sterile catheterization of the bladder after bladder refilling. Urine samples underwent urine dipstick testing and conventional microscopy and urine cultures. Samples also underwent Illumina MiSeq-based 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification and sequencing.Results: All organisms identified by urine culture were also identified by 16S amplification; however, next-generation sequencing (NGS) also detected bacteria not identified by cultivation. Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were the most abundant species. Abundances of the 9 predominant bacterial genera differed between the urethra and bladder. Voided and catheterized microbiomes share all dominant (>1%) genera and Operational Taxonomic Units but in similar or different proportions. Hence, urethra and bladder microbiomes do not differ in taxonomic composition, but rather in taxonomic structure. Women had higher abundance of Lactobacillus and Prevotella than men.Conclusions: Our findings lend credence to the hypothesis that Lactobacilli are important members of the healthy urine microbiome. Our data also suggest that the microbiomes of the urethra and bladder differ from one another. In conclusion, urine collection method results in different 16S-based NGS data, likely due to the sensitivity of NGS methods enabling detection of urethral bacteria present in voided but not catheterized urine specimens.
Underactive Bladder; Review of Progress and Impact From the International CURE-UAB Initiative
Authors: Chancellor Michael B. , Bartolone Sarah N. , Lamb Laura E. , Ward Elijah , Zwaans Bernadette M.M. , Diokno Ananias
Published: March 2020

There is a significant need for research and understanding of underactive bladder (UAB). The International Congress of Urologic Research and Education on Aging UnderActive Bladder (CURE-UAB) was organized by Doctors Michael Chancellor and Ananias Diokno in order to address these concerns. CURE-UAB was supported, in part, by the US National Institute of Aging and National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney. Since 2014, there have been 5 successful CURE-UAB congresses. They have brought together diverse stakeholders in the UAB field to identify areas of major scientific challenge and initiated a call to action among the medical community. In this review, we will highlight current and novel treatments under development for UAB and the progress and impact from the CURE-UAB initiative.
Difficulty in Mathematics: Close Assistance and Self-Confidence
Authors: Moneva Dr. Jerald C. , Valle Angelica Faye S.
Published: March 2020

Self-confidence is the belief in oneself and one’s abilities. It is developed when there is someone who help them and motivate them to believe themselves. Self-confidence is the positive result of self-esteem. Self-confidence can be learning and built through assistance. Assistance from someone can help students to improve their self-confidence and the insecurity to their selves will be gone. The researcher aims to assess if the close assistance can help develop the students’ self-confidence and cope up their difficulty in mathematics. The researcher used descriptive-correlation using a questionnaire and composed of 20 adapted questionnaire related to the study. 243 students answer the survey questionnaire in their respective classroom and after data gathered it has been analyzed using the weighted mean and Guttmann’s Lambda to determine the relationship between the close assistance and self-confidence. The study revealed that there is a significant relationship between close assistance and self-confidence which is the p-value is lesser than the alpha which means that assistance and self-confidence is correlated with each other. The researcher concludes that with the help of close assistance students’ difficulty decreases and self-confidence increases.
On Sandoval Zapata’s Lyric Transformations
Authors: Johnson Christopher D.
Published: March 2020

This article examines how the lyric poetry of Luis de Sandoval Zapata transforms different kinds of matter: literary, natural, and spiritual. It shows how Sandoval Zapata’s verse converges with novohispano festive culture, even as it serves as a subtle vehicle for pondering questions concerning mortality, temporality, and the mutable nature of substance. His sonnet dedicated to the Virgen de Guadalupe is read as resolving these questions. It is also compared to efforts by Miguel Sánchez, Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz to represent María. Lyric distillation and encyclopedic dilation thus form a polarity that fuels seventeenth-century creole thought and expression.
Turismofobia e os impactos econômicos do turismo nos discursos midiáticos do jornal “El País”
Authors: Santos Giovanna Carvalho dos , Oliveira Frederico Ferreira de , Reis Jarlene Rodrigues
Published: March 2020

Tendo o espaço urbano como locus para sua concepção e seu desenvolvimento, o turismo gera diferentes formas de apropriação e de relacionamento com os lugares em que ocorre. Os impactos da atividade, tradicionalmente discutidos no âmbito acadêmico, gradativamente ganham eco em uma variedade de plataformas comunicacionais, em virtude da dimensão atribuída ao turismo por diversos grupos sociais. Os discursos midiáticos reproduzidos em jornais, na televisão e no cinema criam e reforçam sentidos ligados ao modo como se interpreta o fenômeno turístico, e nessa esfera ganham espaço termos e expressões com forte carga de significados, como a turismofobia. Partindo desse cenário, este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir as representações midiáticas do termo “turismofobia” nos discursos sobre os impactos econômicos do turismo identificados a partir de publicações do jornal espanhol El País, no período entre julho e agosto de 2017. A fim de explorar o conteúdo de cada publicação, foi realizada a análise da construção de tais conteúdos realizados pelos jornalistas, comparando-se os dados com o escopo conceitual da pesquisa. Os resultados estudados permitiram observar que o El País tem sido um espaço de destaque na criação de sentidos ligados à turismofobia como forma de manifestar, discursivamente, conflitos e contradições gerados a partir dos impactos econômicos do turismo na Espanha.
Effect of the nutritional stabilization program “ESNUT” on body composition, stages of change and self-perception of body image in university students
Authors: García-Navarro Karen Jazmín , Gallegos-Martínez Josefina , Reyes-Hernández Jaime
Published: March 2020

Background and objective: Adolescents have changes in diet when entering university (leaving out and irregularity in mealtimes, low intake of fruits and vegetables and high intake of junk food and sugary drinks), often body self-perception does not match the actual body composition leading young people to unhealthy practices. Nutritional educational interventions have been successful based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change. To assess the effectiveness of the educational intervention for Nutritional Stabilization “ESNUT” (name in Spanish) in body composition, stages of change, body self-perception and the concordance level with BMI of students newly admitted to a university before and in post-intervention follow-ups.Methods: Quasi-experimental study with control group in students from 17 to 21 years newly admitted to a university who agreed to participate in the study. Independent variable: Educational intervention Nutrition Stabilization Model “ESNUT” and dependent variables: body self-perception, body composition, BMI. Instruments: SECA 274 digital stadiometer, InBody 230 Bioimpedanciometer, body silhouettes test and change assessment scale of the University of Rhode Island (URICA). Analysis. Descriptive statistics, student’s t (comparison of means) and Pearson's r (correlation) with support from the statistical program SPSS version 18.Results: About 50% of the experimental group showed normal nutritional status according to the Real BMI but only 17% according to the fat mass percentage in the third month of follow-up was 50%. A discrepancy was observed with the Perceived BMI, 67% had a self-perception of normal weight. In the experimental precontemplation group, at basal near 50%, it finally reduced 20% and placed in preparation/action.Conclusions: The effectiveness of the “ESNUT” intervention was observed in the experimental group through body composition with a reduction in the percentage of fat mass, therefore Overweight/Obesity. Self-perception of body image in its correlated Perceived Body Mass Index (BMI) versus Real BMI increased their level of concord. The transition from pre-contemplation to contemplation was observed in the stages of change, as well as from this towards preparation/action. The control group made little progress due to relapse to predecessor stages and revealed itself in an increase in the percentage of body fat. Both the experimental and control groups tended to underestimate the perceived BMI versus the actual BMI. Clinical importance: Identifying the stage of change allows feedback in the support of the change and motivates the participants according to the stage in which they are.
Beliefs versus Declared Practices of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Teachers Regarding Teaching Grammar
Authors: Badash Merav , Harel Efrat , Carmel Rivi , Waldman Tina
Published: March 2020

This study investigated English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' beliefs, perceptions and declared practices of teaching grammar within a communicative language teaching (CLT) framework. Participants included 221 EFL teachers, who were teaching during the years 2013-2018 in different grades and schools throughout Israel. Participants were graduates of teacher training programs in colleges and universities and included Non-Native English Speaking Teachers (NNEST) and Native English Speaking Teachers (NEST).An on-line, self-report survey designed specifically for this study contained three closed questions and two open-ended questions. One-way ANOVA statistics, and mean scores of all the responses were performed on the quantitative data.  Qualitative data were grouped, analyzed, and coded.Results show a discrepancy between EFL teachers' perceptions and declared practices of teaching grammar in classrooms. Results further reveal significant differences between NEST and NNEST teachers, as well as differences between teachers who teach in different grades (elementary school, junior high school and high school). Moreover, 'vocabulary' and 'speaking' were ranked of highest importance (58% and 55%, respectively), whereas 'writing' and 'grammar' were considered least important (24%). These findings have valuable implications for teachers and teacher education regarding teaching grammar in context and using contextualized activities.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for World Journal of English Language, Vol. 10, No. 1
Authors: Nelson Joe
Published: March 2020

World Journal of English Language (WJEL) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether WJEL publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 1 Aissa HANIFI, University of Chlef, AlgeriaAmelia Maria Cava, Università fdi Napoli Federicio II, Naples, ItalyCheryl Caesar, Michigan State University, USJessica Aliaga Lavrijsen, Centro Universitario de la Defensa Zaragoza / University of Defense zaragoza, SpainKenan Yerli, Sakarya University, TurkeyLeila Lomashvili, Shawnee State University, USALi Ping Chang, Department of Applied Foreign Languages, National Taipei College of Business, TaiwanMaría Luisa Carrió, Departamento de Linguistica Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, SpainÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Foreign Languages Department, TurkeyŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, Turkey Joe NelsonEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of World Journal of English LanguageSciedu Press-----------------------------------------Add: 9140 Leslie St. Suite 110, Beaver Creek, Ontario, L4B 0A9, CanadaTel: 1-416-479-0028 ext. 218Fax: 1-416-642-8548Email 1: wjel@sciedupress.comEmail 2: wjel@sciedupress.orgWeb: http://wjel.sciedupress.com
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 10, No. 2
Authors: Xu Diana
Published: March 2020

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2020. 
Investigation of Groundwater Quality from Selected Wells in Paiko, Northcentral Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole AWEDA Abdulwahid , Nwanosike AMADI Akobundu , Reuben KYARI , Abel SAMUEL , Awu SAMSON Bitrus
Published: March 2020

Groundwater from hand dug wells and boreholes in Paiko, northcentral Nigeria were subjected to physico-chemical as well as microbiological analysis to determine their suitability for drinking purpose. The water from the hand dug wells are predominantly calcium magnesium chloride (Ca-Mg-Cl) water while those from boreholes are calcium magnesium bicarbonate water (Ca-Mg-HCO3) facies. The results showed elevated cations and anions concentration in the hand dug wells in addition to the water being slightly acidic. Also, the nitrate concentration in the hand dug wells is above the maximum permissible limit of 50mg/l postulated by World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDQ). Microbiological analysis revealed Total Coliform Count of 100cfu and 360cfu in the hand dug wells and borehole respectively signifying faecal contamination. The study revealed that improper sewage systems as well as poor waste disposal is responsible for the poor water quality as well as elevated concentration of nitrate in hand dug wells, and as such the shallow aquifer groundwater in the area are not safe for drinking purpose with respect to all the parameters taken together.
Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Stalks as Alternative Raw Material for Cement Bonded Particleboard
Authors: Taş Hasan Hüseyin , Kul Fatih Mehmet
Published: March 2020

Sunflower stalks (Helianthus annuus) were studied as an alternative raw material for cement bonded particleboard. Experimental cement bonded particleboards measuring 500 mm × 500 mm × 12 mm with nominal density of 1300 kg/m3 were produced using different ratios of sunflower stalk particles with wood. Properties of the cement bonded particleboards evaluated include water absorption, thickness swelling, screw withdrawal strength and bending properties. Results of the study showed that the addition of small amount of sunflower stalks in the production of cement bonded particleboard does not significantly influence the properties tested. Inclusion of more stalks in the mixture significantly decreases mechanical properties and raises thickness swelling and water absorption values of the cement bonded particleboard. Results indicate that boards which include a small amount of sunflower stalks provide properties required by the standards for general purpose-use cement bonded particleboards.
Stymulatory migracyjne Polonii włoskiej
Authors: Frączek Adriana
Published: March 2020

The question about the identity of an emigrant, and about his homeland is a difficult question for him, however, mostly emigrants are in favor of Polish identity, and they point to Poland for their homeland. However, while exploring this issue, it can be noticed that with the passage of years in exile, the answer is not so unambiguous and the most convenient form of response for an emigrant would be to opt for two homelands and for two identities. Poland is becoming a country of sentimental and real journeys while Italy becomes a country where one has a job, a home, a family. The identity of Poles who emigrated to Italy is influenced, among other things, by the time of emigration, the influence of Polonia, the external aspect connected with the character of the society in which emigrants reside, as well as the main motive of the trip. The

Stymulatory migracyjne Polonii włoskiej

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identity of Poles, as shown by the research, is heterogeneous and bidirectional (cultural bivalence) with features that indicate the pursuit of building a new identity, which will consist of both Polish elements and Italian elements corresponding to the reality surrounding the emigrants. This identity is ideal for an emigrant unit, because it allows to maintain a psychological balance, which was disturbed by the crisis situation, which was undoubtedly emigration.
Statofobia jako przyczyna cofania się fali demokratyzacji
Authors: Wałdoch Marcin
Published: March 2020

In this article an assumption is made that several factors are responsi-ble for current democracy state. First of all the state-phobia phenome-non is scrutinized while looking for factors which are responsible for citizens reluctance and fear of state. Hypothesis is raised that state-phobia cause withdrawal of democratization wave in today’s nation-states. Trying to solve this problem out author highlighted the impor-tance of the idea of state in political thought and an impact of socio-economic pattern of the world we observe (impact of neoliberalism). Political attitudes summarized as state-phobia rise from a number of factors and cause a number of spaces connected with political life such as electoral behavior. It seems that the lack of trust toward nation-state works like a perpetuum mobile causing the weak state and inefficient institution.
Zarządzanie finansami firm a inwestycje w kapitał ludzki i ich finansowanie
Authors: Kędzierski Leszek
Published: March 2020

The process of realization of the main goal of firms is complex. Vari-ous instruments participate in it. We can list here, for example, finance management of firms and investments in human capital and their fi-nancing that are instruments of this management. There are mutual rela-tionships between these instruments. Financial management of firms has impact in certain way on investments in human capital and their financ-ing. In turn, the investments in human capital and their financing have impact in certain way on financial management of firms. In scientific research and practice one should not skip the consideration of both spheres of activity of firms from the point of view of their mutual rela-tionships.
Działalność publicystyczna, promocyjna i edukacyjna w zakresie polskiej Marynarki Wojennej oraz polityki morskiej państwa
Authors: Przybylski Jerzy
Published: March 2020

The article presents publications on the origin, development and im-portance of naval forces and the Navy in Poland, existing and operating from the Thirteen Yars’ War to modern times. Its purpose is to organize knowledge on this subject in the marine historian community.
Otto Friedrich Bollnow – pedagog i filozof szukający własnej drogi
Authors: Szymaniak Jadwiga
Published: March 2020

Otto Friedrich Bollnow was born in Szczecin. He was an educational philosopher and representative of pedagogical science, in Poland it is not well known. On the basis of phenomenology, Bollnow analyzed impor-tant problems and educational concepts. In my article I analyze, accord-ing to Bollnow, the relationship between language and education, the dignity of words and the importance of practise in school work.
Potrzeby edukacyjne osób dorosłych a środki, formy i metody kształcenia w sferze edukacji wyższej. Implikacje teoretyczne i praktyczne
Authors: Łukomska Marzena , Łukomski Jerzy
Published: March 2020

This article concerns educational needs of adults in the area of higher education. This article concerns the content of adult person needs in the area of self taught and equip them with necessary practical, theoretical and social competition. Moreover, it indicates the function of education of adults and technical use of didactic support, especially, multimedia in the educational system.
The Long Walk
Authors: K. Nayar Pramod
Published: March 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has made a commonplace of the carceral imaginary. Isolation, social distancing, quarantine have become watchwords. Physician instructions, epidemiologist advice, state orders jostle alongside memes and jokes about being under ‘lockdown’, barricaded-in and homebound across the world. An immobility regime dominates now with cancelled airline, bus and train services. Yet, the same regime has generated an extreme mobility in nations like India, particularly in cities like New Delhi....
Changes in Plants and Invertebrate Animals Communities along Gradients of Petroleum Products Pollution
Authors: Dib Djaffer , Sadoudi Ali Ahmed Djamila
Published: March 2020

In this work, we investigated the effects of petroleum products contamination, caused by petrol stations rejects, on the vegetation and soil invertebrate animal communities. Three sites near two petrol stations were chosen, and the vegetation was inventoried during each season of the year. The invertebrates were sampled in the third site using Pitfall traps. Results indicated an influence of the petrol stations rejects on soil properties (TPH, N, C, pH and moisture). It was the same for plant species and invertebrate communities that were influenced through the abundance, species richness, biological diversity (H’) and species evenness (J), especially in the most contaminated zones. Some weed plant species showed a tolerance to the contamination, as Xanthium strumarium, Avena fatua, Conium maculatum and Oxalis pes-caprae, and their establishment may have been facilitated by the disturbances created by the petrol stations rejects. Also, some invertebrate orders, as Isopoda and Panpulmonata were mainly present in the contaminated zones. High levels of petroleum products contamination and the changes they can induce in soil properties, can affect the vegetation and soil invertebrates, by influencing the abundance and species richness and by facilitating the establishment of some species, like weed species in the vegetation case.
Climate Change and Ecological Migration: A Study of Villages in the Province of Khuzestan, Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh Mostafa , Ghaedi Sohrab
Published: March 2020

Immigration is in fact the response and decision of an individual or a family to change the situation and is often one of the biggest experiences and decisions in everyone’s life. However, the key point is the reasons for immigration. Although the most extensive immigration flows among urban and rural settlements have so far been economic migrations, climate change has recently become a decisive factor for migration in many parts of the world with ecological migration becoming the dominant model in these demographic movements. Khuzestan province - with a strategic position in southwest of Iran and 30% share of rural population- is one of the provinces that has been affected by widespread climate change over the past two decades, experiencing massive population movements, especially in the rural areas. This massive population flow in the rural parts of the province has become a regional challenge.  The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the effects of climate change on demographic movements in the rural settlements of Khuzestan province. The study is descriptive-analytic and the information is extracted from the database of the Statistics Center of Iran. Statistical analysis has shown that the decline in the rates of rural population growth from -02 in 1986 to -4.6 in 2017 and the evacuation of more than 2398 villages over 1986-2017 have been directly and indirectly related to the diverse effects of climate change.
Editorial
Authors: Grušas Vytautas , Klavins Maris
Published: March 2020

Editorial
Advanced Polypropylene and Composites with Polypropylene with Applications in Modern Medicine
Authors: Elena Gavrila Doina , Stoian Victor , Caramitu Alina , Mitrea Sorina
Published: March 2020

Synthetic polypropylene (PP) is used extensively in many fields of medicine. On the one hand, it is utilized in the manufacture of medical equipment: syringes, storage, transport, electric cables, etc. On the other hand, synthetic, nonabsorbable isotactic PP (iPP) is often used to perform meshes for hernia and pelvic organ repair operations, as well as in urinary incontinence. Products that release in time from meshes are depending on the conditions in which they are utilized, can produce undesirable reactions for the human body. For this reason, nonabsorbable synthetic PP was replaced in surgical sutures and meshes with bio polypropylene (bio PP). The chapter analyzes the specific characteristics of these polymers as well as their degradation due to the influence of different factors: humidity, perspiration, temperature, and presence of bacteria. Obtaining new composite materials with PP as matrix and metal powders as fillers is considered as a possibility of their use in vital problems such as cancer detection and treatment. These allow the emergence of new strategies in the design of biosensors that use nanocomposite materials with different fillers and polymeric films. The chapter analyzes the characteristics of new composite materials with PP matrix and metallic powders of iron (Fe).
A new Myxobolus (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) infecting the ornamental catfish Corydoras schwartzi from the Purus River in Brazil
Authors: Mathews Patrick D. , Madrid Rafael R.M. , Mertins Omar , Rigoni Vera L.S. , Morandini André C.
Published: March 2020

A new microscopic cnidarian is described, infecting five of thirty (16.6%) specimens of Corydoras schwartzi caught in the Purus River, State of Amazonas, Brazil. Histological analysis showed that cyst development occurred in the serosa layer of the intestine. Mature myxospores are ovoid in body shape in frontal view, 22.4 ± 0.3 μm in total length and 16.3 ± 0.1 μm in width. Internally, two aubergine-shaped, elongate symmetrical polar capsules occupy more than half the length of the spore, 14.3 ± 0.2 μm in length and 6.5 ± 0.1 μm in width. Ultrastructural analysis provided evidence of five polar filament coils inside the polar capsule and binucleated sporoplasm containing a moderate number of sporoplasmosomes. The valvogenic cells abutting each other form a sutural ridge and frequently a thin layer of homogeneous material separates the cells. The outer surface of the myxospore valves is smooth, with no evidence of formation of ridges in the valves. Immature myxospores in various stages of development were observed. This study is the first report of a myxosporean parasitizing C. schwartzi and the first report of a myxosporean infection in the intestine of an ornamental fish from South America.
The 8th Edition American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging for Hepato-pancreato-biliary Cancer: A Review and Update
Authors: Liao Xiaoyan , Zhang Dongwei
Published: March 2020

Context.—

Cancer staging provides critical information for patients and treating physicians to battle against cancer, predict prognosis, and guide treatment decisions. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system uses a tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) scoring algorithm and is the foremost classification system for adult cancers. This system is updated every 6 to 8 years to allow sufficient time for implementation of changes and for relevant examination and discussion of data validating those changes in staging.

Objective.—

To review the updates in the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system on hepato-pancreato-biliary cancer.

Data Sources.—

Literature review.

Conclusions.—

The 8th edition, published in 2016 and implemented on January 1, 2018, has been in use for approximately 3 years. Compared with the 7th edition, some of the changes are quite radical. This review aims to provide a summary of the changes/updates of the 8th edition with focus on hepato-pancreato-biliary cancers, and evaluate its performance through literature review.
Some operator inequalities for Hermitian Banach $*$-algebras
Authors: Najafi Hamed
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we extend the Kubo-Ando theory from operator means on C$^{*}$-algebras to a Hermitian Banach $*$-algebra $\mathcal {A}$ with a continuous involution. For this purpose, we show that if $a$ and $b$ are self-adjoint elements in $\mathcal {A}$ with spectra in an interval $J$ such that $a \leq b$, then $f(a) \leq f(b)$ for every operator monotone function $f$ on $J$, where $f(a)$ and $f(b)$ are defined by the Riesz-Dunford integral. Moreover, we show that some convexity properties of the usual operator convex functions are preserved in the setting of Hermitian Banach $*$-algebras. In particular, Jensen's operator inequality is presented in these cases.
Hopf algebra actions and transfer of Frobenius and symmetric properties
Authors: Dăscălescu S. , Năstăsescu C. , Năstăsescu L.
Published: March 2020

If $H$ is a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra acting on a finite-dimensional algebra $A$, we investigate the transfer of the Frobenius and symmetric properties through the algebra extensions $A^H\subset A\subset A\mathbin{\#} H$.
Theta-regularity and log-canonical threshold
Authors: Øygarden Morten , Tirabassi Sofia
Published: March 2020

We show that an inequality, proven by Küronya-Pintye, which governs the behavior of the log-canonical threshold of an ideal over $\mathbb {P}^n$ and that of its Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity, can be applied to the setting of principally polarized abelian varieties by substituting the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity with Θ-regularity of Pareschi-Popa.
Présence érudite et savoirs politiques dans la correspondance du Grand Condé
Authors: Bazière Guillaume
Published: March 2020

Dans les travaux sur la « République des Lettres », la question de l’érudition et des savoirs est traditionnellement pensée de manière autonome par rapport aux problématiques sociales et politiques. Cet article analyse la présence d’acteurs possédant une légitimité savante dans la correspondance du Grand Condé (1621-1686) en considérant la lettre comme un véritable outil d’action politique et sociale. Cela permet de montrer, à travers l’étude de lettres comme celles de Pierre Michon Bourdelot, Bernardin Martin ou encore Isaac de Lapeyrère, comment la pratique des savoirs et l’action politique dans un contexte de service clientélaire sont intrinsèquement liées. Cela permet aussi d’identifier une police particulière d’usage des savoirs, qui définit un espace de communication efficace entre le prince et ses domestiques érudits.
Un « gai savoir » : stratégies du rire dans les lettres d’une érudite des Lumières
Authors: Chollet Mathilde
Published: March 2020

Entre 1753 et 1755, la châtelaine éclairée Henriette Edme des Rouaudières écrit à son ami le parlementaire exilé Louis Angran d’Allerai. Dans les 35 lettres conservées de leur correspondance, elle mobilise le bel esprit quasi systématiquement en l’associant aux échanges savants qu’elle entretient avec son correspondant. Belles lettres, physique, théologie, philosophie ou politique sont l’occasion de jeux de mots, clins d’oeil, remarques badines. Entre rire érudit et érudition riante, les lettres d’Henriette font état d’une remarquable ambigüité : écrire à Angran revêt un enjeu sérieux pour elle, mais n’empêche pas la légèreté du propos, une conciliation que seule la lettre permet. Tout cela éclaire les stratégies discursives complexes de cette érudite isolée : valorisation de soi par l’esprit, trait classique des élites françaises ; banalisation de l’échange érudit, de ce fait plus acceptable sous une plume féminine ; réduction des distances qui existent entre elle et son prestigieux interlocuteur. À la fois mondain, savant et politique, le discours épistolaire d’Henriette est un bel exemple de l’agentivité féminine au xviiie siècle.
Justicia contra el epistemicidio. Hacia una breve crítica de la razón occidental moderna
Authors: Paraskeva João M.
Published: March 2020

Este artículo aborda y disecciona las huellas contemporáneas de la Modernidad Eurocéntrica Occidental que conducen a la gran regresión global actual, que necesita ser contextualizada dentro de la crisis del yugo de la razón Eurocéntrica Occidental Moderna. Al hacerlo, adelantaré una crítica a dicho razonamiento –que es la matriz del epistemicidio–, desentrañaré su despotismo teórico y metodológico y argumentaré que el modelo de Modernidad Cartesiana Occidental, como matriz hegemónica eugenésica, con su arrogante pretensión de abordar la justicia global, no sólo está moribundo, sino que está muerto. La modernidad, fue/es un sueño engañoso, un juego acabado. En este contexto, defiendo la necesidad de abrir los cánones teóricos y metodológicos, de ir más allá de las plataformas epistemológicas Eurocéntricas Occidentales Modernas, de desafiar la occidentosis educativa y curricular y de pensar alternativamente en opciones para trabajar metodológicamente hacia la justicia social y cognitiva e intergeneracional. Llamo a los educadores a liderar la lucha justa contra el epistemicidio educativo y curricular trabajando dentro de una teoría curricular educativa itinerante y una pedagogía de la sociedad, una teoría de los pueblos, defendiendo así los diálogos no relativistas entre el Norte y el Sur global y dentro del Norte y el Sur.
Os fios emaranhados do cultivo de si e o diálogo com a pedagogia
Authors: Hardt Lúcia Schneider
Published: March 2020

Tomando como ponto de partida o conceito de cultivo de si em Nietzsche, o artigo tem como objetivo analisar na obra do filósofo a dimensão do sujeito com vistas a pensar o campo da educação e possíveis desdobramentos pedagógicos. Nesse entorno, o artigo dialoga também com Foucault, considerando o conceito de cuidado de si para sugerir aproximações entre os dois autores e em alguma medida diferenciá-los da perspectiva socrática. O texto problematiza, sem desqualificar, as possibilidades de formação em espaços institucionais para destacar a importância do cultivar a si mesmo, pois tais práticas instauram, permitem pensar de outras formas temas da Educação e, para além dela, a nós mesmos, sejamos alunos ou mestres.