bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic genetic variation and extensive cytonuclear interactions influence natural variation in the metabolome
Authors: Joseph Bindu , Corwin Jason A , Li Baohua , Atwell Suzi , Kliebenstein Daniel J
Published: October 2013

Understanding genome to phenotype linkages has been greatly enabled by genomic sequencing. However, most genome analysis is typically confined to the nuclear genome. We conducted a metabolomic QTL analysis on a reciprocal RIL population structured to examine how variation in the organelle genomes affects phenotypic variation. This showed that the cytoplasmic variation had effects similar to, if not larger than, the largest individual nuclear locus. Inclusion of cytoplasmic variation into the genetic model greatly increased the explained phenotypic variation. Cytoplasmic genetic variation was a central hub in the epistatic network controlling the plant metabolome. This epistatic influence manifested such that the cytoplasmic background could alter or hide pairwise epistasis between nuclear loci. Thus, cytoplasmic genetic variation plays a central role in controlling natural variation in metabolomic networks. This suggests that cytoplasmic genomes must be included in any future analysis of natural variation.
A Meier-Gorlin syndrome mutation in a conserved C-terminal helix of Orc6 impedes origin recognition complex formation
Authors: Bleichert Franziska , Balasov Maxim , Chesnokov Igor , Nogales Eva , Botchan Michael R , Berger James M
Published: October 2013

In eukaryotes, DNA replication requires the origin recognition complex (ORC), a six-subunit assembly that promotes replisome formation on chromosomal origins. Despite extant homology between certain subunits, the degree of structural and organizational overlap between budding yeast and metazoan ORC has been unclear. Using 3D electron microscopy, we determined the subunit organization of metazoan ORC, revealing that it adopts a global architecture very similar to the budding yeast complex. Bioinformatic analysis extends this conservation to Orc6, a subunit of somewhat enigmatic function. Unexpectedly, a mutation in the Orc6 C-terminus linked to Meier-Gorlin syndrome, a dwarfism disorder, impedes proper recruitment of Orc6 into ORC; biochemical studies reveal that this region of Orc6 associates with a previously uncharacterized domain of Orc3 and is required for ORC function and MCM2–7 loading in vivo. Together, our results suggest that Meier-Gorlin syndrome mutations in Orc6 impair the formation of ORC hexamers, interfering with appropriate ORC functions.
A deletion polymorphism in the Caenorhabditis elegans RIG-I homolog disables viral RNA dicing and antiviral immunity
Authors: Ashe Alyson , Bélicard Tony , Le Pen Jérémie , Sarkies Peter , Frézal Lise , Lehrbach Nicolas J , Félix Marie-Anne , Miska Eric A
Published: October 2013

RNA interference defends against viral infection in plant and animal cells. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and its natural pathogen, the positive-strand RNA virus Orsay, have recently emerged as a new animal model of host-virus interaction. Using a genome-wide association study in C. elegans wild populations and quantitative trait locus mapping, we identify a 159 base-pair deletion in the conserved drh-1 gene (encoding a RIG-I-like helicase) as a major determinant of viral sensitivity. We show that DRH-1 is required for the initiation of an antiviral RNAi pathway and the generation of virus-derived siRNAs (viRNAs). In mammals, RIG-I-domain containing proteins trigger an interferon-based innate immunity pathway in response to RNA virus infection. Our work in C. elegans demonstrates that the RIG-I domain has an ancient role in viral recognition. We propose that RIG-I acts as modular viral recognition factor that couples viral recognition to different effector pathways including RNAi and interferon responses.
Nanoscale protein architecture of the kidney glomerular basement membrane
Authors: Suleiman Hani , Zhang Lei , Roth Robyn , Heuser John E , Miner Jeffrey H , Shaw Andrey S , Dani Adish
Published: October 2013

In multicellular organisms, proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play structural and functional roles in essentially all organs, so understanding ECM protein organization in health and disease remains an important goal. Here, we used sub-diffraction resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) to resolve the in situ molecular organization of proteins within the kidney glomerular basement membrane (GBM), an essential mediator of glomerular ultrafiltration. Using multichannel STORM and STORM-electron microscopy correlation, we constructed a molecular reference frame that revealed a laminar organization of ECM proteins within the GBM. Separate analyses of domains near the N- and C-termini of agrin, laminin, and collagen IV in mouse and human GBM revealed a highly oriented macromolecular organization. Our analysis also revealed disruptions in this GBM architecture in a mouse model of Alport syndrome. These results provide the first nanoscopic glimpse into the organization of a complex ECM.
Dimensions of Teacher Self-Efficacy for Inclusive Practices among Mainland Chinese Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Malinen Olli-Pekka , Savolainen Hannu , Xu Jiacheng
Published: October 2013

Five hundred fifty mainland Chinese university students were given a questionnaire that contained a Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) scale. The purpose of the study was a) to test the factor structure of teacher self-efficacy for inclusive practices, b) to investigate the relationship between teacher self-efficacy for inclusive practices and attitude toward inclusive education, and c) to study the relationship between participants' attitudes and other variables related to inclusive education. Confirmatory factor analysis gave support the hyphothesis of three correlated but separate factors of self-efficacy: Efficacy to use inclusive instructions, Efficacy in collaboration, and Efficacy in managing behaviour. As the initial factors were correlated, another model with second-order factor to which the three factors loaded, was tested. This model fit the data equally well. The second-order factor, which was named as General teacher self-efficacy for inclusive practices, explained significantly participants' attitudes to inclusive education.
Biopsychosocial Typologies of Pain in a Cohort of Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Merz Erin L. , Malcarne Vanessa L. , Assassi Shervin , Nair Deepthi K. , Graham Tiffany A. , Yellman Brayden P. , Estrada‐Y‐Martin Rosa M. , Mayes Maureen D.
Published: October 2013

Objective

Despite being a common problem in systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma), the extant literature on pain has primarily focused on biomedical correlates, or bivariate relationships with a few psychological characteristics. There is a need to investigate the more heuristic biopsychosocial model, which incorporates the simultaneous contributions of medical, psychological, and social variables in understanding pain.

Methods

Patients with SSc (n = 333) received clinical examinations and completed self‐report surveys at enrollment in the Genetics versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcome Study. Latent profile analysis was used to derive biopsychosocial profiles of patients using skin thickening, percent predicted forced vital lung capacity, perceived physical health, health worry, mental health, and social support. The profiles were examined in relation to pain and pain medication usage.

Results

A 3‐profile solution provided the best fit to the data. Based on the biopsychosocial indicators, the profiles were characterized as managing (n = 217), resilient (n = 86), and distressed (n = 30). Between‐group differences for pain emerged, with the distressed group, whose disease was less severe than the resilient group, reporting the highest pain and the greatest utilization of pain medication.

Conclusion

Clinicians should consider biopsychosocial characteristics as contributing factors to the experience of pain in patients with SSc. Patients who are similar to those in the distressed profile may be at an increased risk for pain and would likely benefit from a referral to a behavioral health or other ancillary service provider for pain management, rather than relying solely on pharmacologic therapies.
Estimating the Occurrence of Renal Complications Among Persons With Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Levy Adrian R. , Szabo Shelagh M. , Rao Sumati R. , Cifaldi Mary , Maksymowych Walter P.
Published: October 2013

Objective

The few published estimates of the risk of renal complications in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are established on clinic‐based studies. Our objective was to estimate the age‐ and sex‐specific risks of renal complications in a population‐based cohort of AS subjects in Québec between 1996 and 2006, relative to the general population.

Methods

A retrospective cohort design was implemented using population‐based administrative data collected from 1996 to 2006 in Québec, Canada. The study cohort included subjects diagnosed with AS on physician billing records, and the comparison cohort comprised a 1% random sample of subjects without AS. Age‐ and sex‐stratified prevalence ratios for acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, amyloidosis, and hypertensive renal disease were compared between subjects with and without AS.

Results

The AS cohort included 4,836 men and 3,780 women. Renal complications were diagnosed among 3.4% of men and 2.1% of women with AS compared with 2.0% and 1.6% of persons without AS, respectively. Renal complications were 72% more prevalent among persons with AS and an increase was observed in each of the conditions. The magnitude of the risk of renal complications was highest among younger individuals and decreased with advancing age.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that renal complications may be elevated among persons with AS, especially at younger ages. Despite the limitations of administrative data pertaining to onset of disease, these findings warrant further investigation because of their clinical relevance.
Cellulose‐Based Ionogels for Paper Electronics
Authors: Thiemann Stefan , Sachnov Swetlana J. , Pettersson Fredrik , Bollström Roger , Österbacka Ronald , Wasserscheid Peter , Zaumseil Jana
Published: October 2013

A new class of biofriendly ionogels produced by gelation of microcellulose thin films with tailored 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium methylphosphonate ionic liquids are demonstrated. The cellulose ionogels show promising properties for application in flexible electronics, such as transparency, flexibility, transferability, and high specific capacitances of 5 to 15 μF cm−2. They can be laminated onto any substrate such as multilayer‐coated paper and act as high capacitance dielectrics for inorganic (spray‐coated ZnO and colloidal ZnO nanorods) and organic (poly[3‐hexylthiophene], P3HT) electrolyte‐gated field‐effect transistors (FETs), that operate at very low voltages (<2 V). Field‐effect mobilities in ionogel‐gated spray‐coated ZnO FETs reach 75 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a typical increase of mobility with decreasing specific capacitance of the ionogel is observed. Solution‐processed, colloidal ZnO nanorods and laminated cellulose ionogels enable the fabrication of the first electrolyte‐gated, flexible circuits on paper, which operate at bending radii down to 1.1 mm.
Assessment of occupational health and safety hazard exposures among working college students
Authors: Balanay Jo Anne G. , Adesina Adepeju , Kearney Gregory D. , Richards Stephanie L.
Published: October 2013

Background

Adolescents and young adults have higher injury rates than their adult counterparts in similar jobs. This study used the working college student population to assess health and safety hazards in the workplace, characterize related occupational diseases and injuries, and describe worker health/safety activities provided by employers.

Methods

College students (≥17 years old) were assessed via online surveys about work history, workplace exposure to hazards, occupational diseases/injuries, and workplace health/safety activities.

Results

Approximately half (51%) of participants (n = 1,147) were currently employed at the time of the survey or had been employed while enrolled in college. Restaurants (other than fast food) were the most frequently reported work setting. The most reported workplace hazards included noise exposure and contact with hot liquids/surfaces. Twenty percent of working students experienced injury at work; some injuries were severe enough to limit students' normal activities for >3 days (30%) or require medical attention (44%). Men had significantly higher prevalence of injuries (P = 0.05) and near‐misses (P < 0.01) at work than women. Injury occurrence was associated with near‐misses (AOR = 5.08, P < 0.01) and co‐worker injuries (AOR = 3.19, P < 0.01) after gender and age adjustments. Most (77%) received worker safety training and half were given personal protective equipment (PPE) by their employers.

Conclusions

Risk reduction from workplace injuries and illnesses among working college students may be achieved by implementing occupational health and safety (OHS) strategies including incorporation of OHS in the college curriculum, promotion of OHS by university/college student health services, and improving awareness of OHS online resources among college students, employers, and educators. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:114–124, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and photocurrent generation of an electrostatically self‐assembled film of hemicyanine and poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid‐co‐maleic acid)
Authors: Lin Xiaoyan , Gao Lihua , Chen Xi , Qi Jianmin , Wang Kezhi
Published: October 2013

In this article, we report on electrostatically self‐assembled thin films prepared by the alternative immersion of quartz‐coated and indium tin oxide coated glass substrates in aqueous solutions of a copolymer of poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid‐co‐maleic acid) (PSSMA) and a hemicyanine of (E)−1,1′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis{4‐[4‐(dimethylamino)styryl]pyridinium} bromide (H3Br2). The films were studied by means of ultraviolet–visible absorption and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy, and photoelectrochemical measurements. When irradiated with white light, the PSSMA/H3 monolayer film gave a stable cathodic photocurrent. The effects of the applied bias voltages, layer numbers of the (PSSMA/H3)n films (where n stands for the number of bilayer films on both sides of the substrates), light intensities, pH value, and electron acceptor on the photocurrent generation of the (PSSMA/H3)n film were examined. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39871.
Effects of coffee on the stability of accelerated aged poly(acrylonitryle‐butadiene‐styrene)
Authors: Rytlewski Piotr , Moraczewski Krzysztof , Żenkiewicz Marian
Published: October 2013

In food chemistry coffee is nowadays accepted as a rich source of compounds possessing antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of coffee on degradation properties of poly(acrylonitryle‐butadiene‐styrene) (ABS). Content of instant extract coffee powder varied from 0.1 to 0.5 wt %. The injection moulded samples were accelerated aged by means of heat treatment, UV‐Vis irradiation, and immersion in salt water. The influence of coffee on ABS properties were characterized by oxidation induction time (isothermal OIT), oxidation induction temperature (dynamic OIT), Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that coffee effectively acted as an antioxidant, color, and structure stabilizer, maintaining mechanical properties close to the nonaged as compared with aged ABS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39887.
Thermotropic glazings for overheating protection. II. morphology and structure–property relationships
Authors: Weber Andreas , Schmid Andrea , Resch Katharina
Published: October 2013

This article completes a systematic strategy for formulation and optimization of thermotropic systems with fixed domains (TSFDs) for overheating protection purposes. Focus was on characterization of morphology and on revealing optimization potential. A comprehensive characterization of scattering domain size and shape was done applying optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In general, scattering domains exhibited inappropriate size and/or shape for optimum overheating protection performance. Moreover, several TSFD displayed defects (vacuoles, voids) resulting from thermomechanical or physicochemical interaction of matrix material and thermotropic additive during manufacturing. Morphological features along with solar optical and thermorefractive properties allowed for establishment of structure–property relationships. Light‐shielding efficiency of TSFD correlated well with scattering domain size and shape. The majority of TSFD showing defects exhibited an increase of solar hemispheric transmittance upon heating. Several strategies to overcome defect formation and to improve scattering morphology were suggested and proof of concept was shown partially, thus indicating a significant optimization potential of the established TSFD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39910.
A bibliometric mapping of the structure of STEM education using co‐word analysis
Authors: Assefa Shimelis G. , Rorissa Abebe
Published: October 2013

STEM, a set of fields that includes science, technology, engineering, and mathematics; allied disciplines ranging from environmental, agricultural, and earth sciences to life science and computer science; and education and training in these fields, is clearly at the top of the list of priority funding areas for governments, including the United States government. The U.S. has 11 federal agencies dedicated to supporting programs and providing funding for research and curriculum development. The domain of STEM education has significant implications in preparing the desired workforce with the requisite knowledge, developing appropriate curricula, providing teachers the necessary professional development, focusing research dollars on areas that have maximum impact, and developing national educational policy and standards. A complex undertaking such as STEM education, which attracts interest and valuable resources from a number of stakeholders needs to be well understood. In light of this, we attempt to describe the underlying structure of STEM education, its core areas, and their relationships through co‐word analyses of the titles, keywords, and abstracts of the relevant literature using visualization and bibliometric mapping tools. Implications are drawn with respect to the nature of STEM education as well as curriculum and policy development.
Schallschutz von entkoppelten Massivtreppen – Teil 1: Prüfverfahren im Labor
Authors: Scheck Jochen , Tas¸kan Emre , Fischer Heinz‐Martin , Fichtel Christoph
Published: October 2013

Zur Verbesserung der Trittschalldämmung von Massivtreppen werden diese mit elastischen Auflagern vom Gebäude entkoppelt. In den meisten europäischen Ländern (z. B. in Deutschland) ist eine Entkopplung erforderlich, um den Anforderungen an die Trittschalldämmung gerecht zu werden. Bislang gibt es jedoch kein genormtes Prüfverfahren zur schalltechnischen Kennzeichnung der Entkopplungselemente, ein zuverlässiges Prognoseverfahren ist weder in der nationalen noch in der internationalen Normung verfügbar. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes wurden die maßgeblichen Einflüsse auf die Trittschallübertragung von entkoppelten Massivtreppen im Prüfstand untersucht. Basierend darauf wird ein Labor‐Prüfverfahren vorgeschlagen, welches Daten liefert, die eine Beurteilung und einen Vergleich der akustischen Qualität von Produkten sowie eine Prognose der Schallübertragung nach EN 12354‐2 ermöglichen. In diesem Artikel werden Untersuchungen im Prüfstand vorgestellt. Die Übertragbarkeit auf Bausituationen, insbesondere die Prognose, ist Gegenstand eines folgenden Artikels.

Impact sound insulation of decoupled heavy stairs – Part 1: Test procedures and prediction. To improve the impact sound insulation heavy stairs are decoupled from the building using resilient supports. In many countries in Europe (e.g. in Germany) this is actually required to meet legal requirements. However, at present there are no standard procedures available neither for measurement in the laboratory nor for the prediction of the impact sound transmission in buildings. Investigations on representative constructions were carried out in a staircase test facility in order to identify and quantify the parameters that are relevant for the sound transmission of decoupled heavyweight stairs. Based on the results a standard test method is proposed that gives data that can be used to rate and compare the acoustic quality of products and to predict the sound transmission in buildings using EN 12354‐2. In this article investigations in the laboratory are presented. A second article addresses the transferability of laboratory results to building situations, in particular the prediction.
Untersuchungen zur Holzkorrosion an historischem Brettschichtholz
Authors: Rug Wolfgang , Linke Gunter
Published: October 2013

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit Untersuchungen an historischem Brettschichtholz unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Einwirkung chemisch‐aggressiver Medien.

Gegenstand der Untersuchung war eine fast 100 Jahre alte Salzlagerhalle in Hetzer‐Bauweise. Es wurden sowohl Festigkeitsuntersuchungen im Dynstat‐Verfahren als auch chemische Untersuchungen zum Salzgehalt durchgeführt.

Im Ergebnis zeigte sich, dass das untersuchte Material einer deutlich sichtbaren Veränderung infolge der Salzeinwirkung unterlag. Es konnten sowohl oberflächliche makroskopische Veränderungen als auch eine Festigkeitsreduzierung im Randbereich festgestellt werden.

Studies on the timber corrosion of historic glued laminated timber

This article presents studies on historic glued laminated timber with special reference to the effect of chemically aggressive media.

Subject of the investigation was an almost 100 year old salt warehouse in Hetzer's construction method. Strength tests in the dynstat‐procedure as well as chemical investigations on the salinity were carried out.

As a result of the effect of the salt the investigated material clearly shows superficial, macroscopic alteration as well as a reduction of the strength in the outer cross sections.
Albert Kahn, Industriearchitekt
Authors: Mislin Miron
Published: October 2013

Am 8. Dezember 2012 jährte sich der 70. Todestag von Albert Kahn, dessen innovative Industriebauten am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts in Amerika und weltweit Schule gemacht haben. Wie kein anderer hat er die Industriearchitektur revolutioniert, die sich wegen ihrer sachlichen und technischen Aufgabenstellung im 19. Jahrhundert als Stiefkind der Architektur im Schatten des Eklektizismus nur schwer behaupten konnte. Er wies den Weg zu einer primär konstruktiv bestimmten Industriearchitektur.

Albert Kahn, Architect of Ford

Seventy years ago, on the 8th of December 2012, Albert Kahn died at the age of 73. He developed new types of manufacturing facilities, particularly automobile plants, which soon attracted the attention of avantgarde architects. He revolutionized the design for factory buildings, which until then had been frowned upon by the École des Beaux‐Arts trained architects and freed industrial architecture from the traditional stylistic rules of design. He showed the way to a primarily constructive architectural design.
Auslegung von Silos: Unmittelbare Messung des Horizontallastverhältnisses.
Authors: Kwade A. , Schulze D. , Schwedes J.
Published: October 2013

Es wird ein Meßgerät vorgestellt, das es erlaubt die Horizontaldrücke von Silogut auf die Silowandung zu messen und hieraus die Beziehungen zwischen Schüttgutdichte, Wandreibung, Fließzustand und innerem Reibungswinkel zu bestimmen. Die hieraus abgeleiteten Ergebnisse werden mit den Lastannahmen nach DIN 1055 Teil 6 verglichen.
Beton ‐ keine Gefahr für Boden und Grundwasser.
Authors: Mayer L.
Published: October 2013

Es wird der Frage nachgegangen ob von Frischbeton oder Normalbeton Beeinträchtigungen des Grundwassers zu befürchten sind. Hierfür wurden umfangreiche Auslaugversuche durchgeführt um insbesondere das Lösungsverhalten der einzelnen Betonbestandteile und Zusatzmittel im Wasser zu klären.
Schwebende Spannbetonbrücken für ein unkonventionelles Hochhaustragwerk
Authors: Dietz Jörg , Berger Tobias
Published: October 2013

Im Zuge der weiteren Entwicklung des Finanzbezirks von Manama im Königreich Bahrain wurde Werner Sobek durch das Architekturbüro SOM New York mit der Tragwerksplanung für das Four Seasons Hotel beauftragt. In zentraler Lage befindet sich auf einer künstlich aufgeschütteten Insel ein Hotel mit 48 Stockwerken und einer Höhe von 201, 50 m. Im Hochhaus ist ein Hotel untergebracht, umgeben von einem großen Ballsaal, umfangreichen Spa‐Anlagen und einer überdachten Tiefgarage mit 860 Stellplätzen. Im Umfeld des Hotels sollen weitere Büros und Wohngebäude entstehen. Das Projekt ist aufgrund seines “Landmark”‐Charakters von zentraler Bedeutung für die weitere Entwicklung von Bahrain.

Die beiden Türme bestehen jeweils aus Rechteckquerschnitten, die durch drei Koppelebenen miteinander verbunden sind. Die Koppelebenen schließen biegesteif an die Türme an, sodass ein Rahmentragwerk entsteht. Diese robuste Tragstruktur nimmt Windlasten auf und wird zusätzlich noch durch hohe Abfanglasten beansprucht. Die dynamischen und statischen Grenzwerte des Tragwerks als maßgebende Entwurfskriterien werden deutlich unterschritten.

Floating Transferbeams for an extraordinary highrise structure – the Four Seasons Hotel in Bahrain

Werner Sobek has been commissioned by SOM New York to develop the structural design of the Four Seasons Tower and Podium. The project is located in the Bahrain Bay Development in Manama in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The main structure is a 48 story cast‐in‐place hotel tower with height above grade of approx. 201.50 m. The Podium's three story, cast‐in‐place concrete superstructure lies immediately to the east and west of the Tower.

Structurally, the high‐rise may be seen as a vertically cantilevered I‐beam with its web deleted at the ends. The cores or piers act as the flanges of the beam structure and the hotel area act as the interrupted web. Under lateral loads, the overall system acts as a pair of vertical cantilevered beams or flanges as seen from the north and south and as an open moment frame as seen from east and west. The twin concrete cores form the two 201.50m legs of the frame and are joined by 2 mechanical levels, the skypod, and the spine wall in the Hotel portion, forming moment connections to restrict side sway within acceptable static and dynamic limits.
Mitochondrial ascorbic acid is responsible for enhanced susceptibility of U937 cells to the toxic effects of peroxynitrite
Authors: Guidarelli Andrea , Cerioni Liana , Fiorani Mara , Azzolini Catia , Cantoni Orazio
Published: October 2013

Otherwise nontoxic levels of peroxynitrite promote toxicity in U937 cells pre‐exposed to low micromolar concentrations of l‐ascorbic acid (AA). This event was associated with the mitochondrial accumulation of the vitamin and with the early formation of secondary reactive oxygen species and DNA single‐strand breaks. The same concentrations of peroxynitrite, however, failed to elicit detectable effects in cells pre‐exposed to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), in which mitochondrial accumulation of vitamin C did not occur despite the identical cytosolic levels. Coherently, oxidation of extracellular AA failed to affect the intracellular concentration of the vitamin, but nevertheless prevented its mitochondrial localization as well as the enhanced response to peroxynitrite. Furthermore, in cells postincubated in vitamin C‐free medium, time‐dependent loss of mitochondrial AA was paralleled by a progressive decline of susceptibility to peroxynitrite, under the same conditions in which cells retained about half of the initial AA. Using different experimental approaches, we finally showed that the enhancing effects of AA are mediated by events associated with peroxynitrite‐dependent superoxide/H2O2 formation in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Collectively, these results indicate that mitochondria actively take up vitamin C as AA and respond to otherwise inactive concentrations of peroxynitrite with the mitochondrial formation of secondary species responsible for DNA damage and toxicity. DHA preloading, while leading to the accumulation of identical levels of vitamin C, fails to produce these effects because of the poor mitochondrial accumulation of the vitamin © 2013 BioFactors, 40(2):236–246, 2014
Jatropha curcas, a biofuel crop: Functional genomics for understanding metabolic pathways and genetic improvement
Authors: Maghuly Fatemeh , Laimer Margit
Published: October 2013

Jatropha curcas is currently attracting much attention as an oilseed crop for biofuel, as Jatropha can grow under climate and soil conditions that are unsuitable for food production. However, little is known about Jatropha, and there are a number of challenges to be overcome. In fact, Jatropha has not really been domesticated; most of the Jatropha accessions are toxic, which renders the seedcake unsuitable for use as animal feed. The seeds of Jatropha contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which negatively impact the biofuel quality. Fruiting of Jatropha is fairly continuous, thus increasing costs of harvesting. Therefore, before starting any improvement program using conventional or molecular breeding techniques, understanding gene function and the genome scale of Jatropha are prerequisites. This review presents currently available and relevant information on the latest technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) to decipher important metabolic pathways within Jatropha, such as oil and toxin synthesis. Further, it discusses future directions for biotechnological approaches in Jatropha breeding and improvement.
A high‐yielding CHO transient system: Coexpression of genes encoding EBNA‐1 and GS enhances transient protein expression
Authors: Daramola Olalekan , Stevenson Jessica , Dean Greg , Hatton Diane , Pettman Gary , Holmes William , Field Ray
Published: October 2013

An efficient rapid protein expression system is crucial to support early drug development. Transient gene expression is an effective route, and to facilitate the use of the same host cells as for subsequent stable cell line development, we have created a high‐yielding Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) transient expression system. Suspension‐adapted CHO‐K1 host cells were engineered to express the gene encoding Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen‐1 (EBNA‐1) with and without the coexpression of the gene for glutamine synthetase (GS). Analysis of the transfectants indicated that coexpression of EBNA‐1 and GS enhanced transient expression of a recombinant antibody from a plasmid carrying an OriP DNA element compared to EBNA‐1‐only transfectants. This was confirmed with the retransfection of an EBNA‐1‐only cell line with a GS gene. The retransfected cell lines showed an increase in transient expression when compared with that of the EBNA‐1‐only parent. The transient expression process for the best CHO transient cell line was further developed to enhance protein expression and improve scalability by optimizing the transfection conditions and the cell culture process. This resulted in a scalable CHO transient expression system that is capable of expressing 2 g/L of recombinant proteins such as antibodies. This system can now rapidly provide gram amounts of recombinant antibody to supply preclinical development studies that has comparable product quality to antibody produced from a stably transfected CHO cell line. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:132–141, 2014
Chrotacumines E and F, Two New Chromone‐Alkaloid Analogs from Dysoxylum acutangulum (Meliaceae) Leaves
Authors: Izwan Mohd Lazim Mohd , Safinar Ismail Intan , Shaari Khozirah , Abd. Latip Jalifah , Ali Al‐Mekhlafi Nabil , Morita Hiroshi
Published: October 2013

A chemical investigation of the alkaloidal fraction of Dysoxylum acutangulum leaves led to the isolation and characterization of two new chromone alkaloid analogs named chrotacumines E and F (1 and 2, resp.). Structure elucidation of 1 and 2 was achieved by spectroscopic analyses, including 2D‐NMR. Both of these alkaloids exhibited modest activities as tyrosinase inhibitors with 29.2 and 25.8% inhibition at 100 μg/ml, respectively.
A general variance model in methods comparison
Authors: Hawkins Douglas M.
Published: October 2013

Valid statistical tests of paired data require correct models of how measurement variance depends on analyte concentration. One often‐used assumption is that the variance is constant across the range; another is that the coefficient of variation is constant. But in many data sets, neither of these holds. A variance model containing both a constant variance and a constant coefficient of variation term is recommended as an often‐useful additional analysis tool for methods comparison.

The more general variance model is fitted to a simulated data set, and one from a clinical chemistry methods comparison. It is used to provide more reliable average versus difference plots, to fit weighted Deming regressions, and to provide valid paired data analyses. The calculations are implemented in r software. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4‐Nitro‐3‐(5‐tetrazole)furoxan and Its Salts: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties
Authors: Liang Lixuan , Wang Kai , Bian Chengming , Ling Liming , Zhou Zhiming
Published: October 2013

A series of new energetic salts based on 4‐nitro‐3‐(5‐tetrazole)furoxan (HTNF) has been synthesized. All of the salts have been fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystal structures of neutral HTNF (3) and its ammonium (4) and N‐carbamoylguanidinium salts (9) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The densities of 3 and its nine salts were found to range from 1.63 to 1.84 g cm−3. Impact sensitivities have been determined by hammer tests, and the results ranged from 2 J (very sensitive) to >40 J (insensitive). Theoretical performance calculations (Gaussian 03 and EXPLO 5.05) provided detonation pressures and velocities for the ionic compounds 4–12 in the ranges 25.5–36.2 GPa and 7934–8919 m s−1, respectively, which make them competitive energetic materials.
Single‐Electron‐Transfer (SET)‐Induced Oxidative Biaryl Coupling by Polyalkoxybenzene‐Derived Diaryliodonium(III) Salts
Authors: Yamaoka Nobutaka , Sumida Kohei , Itani Itsuki , Kubo Hiroko , Ohnishi Yusuke , Sekiguchi Sho , Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: October 2013

Metal‐free oxidative CC coupling by using polyalkoxybenzene‐derived diaryliodonium(III) salts as both the oxidant and aryl source has been developed. These salts can induce single‐electron‐transfer (SET) oxidation to yield electron‐rich arenes and subsequently transfer the polyalkoxyphenyl group into in situ generated aromatic radical cations to produce biaryl products. The reaction is promoted by a Lewis acid that activates the iodonium salts. It has been revealed that the reactivity of the salts under acidic conditions is quite different to their known behavior under basic conditions. The reactivity preference of a series of iodonium salts in the SET oxidation and their ligand transfer abilities have been systematically investigated and the results are summarized in this report.
Spiral‐Type Heteropolyhedral Coordination Network Based on Single‐Crystal LiSrPO4: Implications for Luminescent Materials
Authors: Lin Chun Che , Shen Chin‐Chang , Liu Ru‐Shi
Published: October 2013

Novel structures of luminescent materials, which are used as light sources for next‐generation illumination, are continuously being improved for use in white‐light‐emitting diodes. Activator‐doped known structures are reported as habitual down‐conversion phosphors in solid‐state lightings and displays. Consequently, the intrinsic qualities of the existent compounds produce deficiencies that limit their applications. Herein we report a spiral‐network single‐crystal orthophosphate (LiSrPO4) prepared in a platinum crucible with LiCl flux through crystal‐growth reactions of SrCl2 and Li3PO4 in air. It crystallizes in a hexagonal system with a=5.0040(2) and c=24.6320(16) Å, V=534.15(5) Å3, and Z=6 in the space group P65. The unit cell is comprised of LiO4 and PO4 tetrahedrons that form a three‐dimensional LiPO42− anionic framework with a helical channel structure along the c axis in which the Sr2+ cation is accommodated. The optical band gap of this composition is about 3.65 eV, as determined by using UV/Vis absorption and diffuse reflection spectra. We used the crystal‐growth method to synthesize blue‐ and red‐emitting crystals that exhibited pure color, low reabsorption, a large Stokes shift, and efficient conversion of ultraviolet excitation light into visible light. Emphasis was placed on the development of gratifying structure‐related properties of rare‐earth luminescent materials and their applications.
Bi‐Enzyme Sensor for Phenolic Compounds with Fluorescent Read‐Out
Authors: Strianese Maria , Zauner Gerhild , Tabares Leandro C , Tepper Armand W. J. W. , De Martino Franco , Pellecchia Claudio , Aartsma Thijs J. , Canters Gerard W.
Published: October 2013

In this paper, the use of tyrosinase (Ty) from Streptomyces antibioticus, labeled with a fluorescent tag, in combination with soluble quinoprotein (PQQ‐containing) glucose dehydrogenase (s‐GDH) to measure trace amounts of phenols is explored. Proof of concept is provided by a series of experiments, which show a clear quantitative dependence of the response on the phenol concentration. One of the advantages of the detection system is that apart from a standard fluorimeter no further instrumentation is required.
Dimensional Matching of Polycyclic Aromatics with Rectangular Metallacycles: Insertion Modes Determined by [CH⋅⋅⋅π] Interactions
Authors: Alvariño Cristina , Pía Elena , García Marcos D. , Blanco Víctor , Fernández Alberto , Peinador Carlos , Quintela José M.
Published: October 2013

A family of PdII/PtII dinuclear receptors, designed to give a smooth increase in their cavity lengths (from 7.46–13.78 Å), is presented. Their inclusion complexes with a representative set of polycyclic aromatic substrates (naphthalene, carbazol, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene), were characterized and studied in aqueous solution and the solid state. By taking into account the dimensions of both receptors and substrates, an excellent complementarity was found between the size of the receptors and their ability to complex a given substrate. Furthermore, this dimensional matching results in specific binding modes depending on the ability of the guest to establish stabilizing [CH⋅⋅⋅π] interactions with the host.
Infrared Spectrum of the Si3H8+ Cation: Evidence for a Bridged Isomer with an Asymmetric Three‐Center Two‐Electron SiHSi Bond
Authors: George Martin Andreas Robert , Savoca Marco , Dopfer Otto
Published: October 2013

The IR spectrum of Si3H8+ ions produced in a supersonic plasma molecular beam expansion of SiH4, He, and Ar is inferred from photodissociation of cold Si3H8+–Ar complexes. Vibrational analysis of the spectrum is consistent with a Si3H8+ structure (2+) obtained by a barrierless addition reaction of SiH4 to the disilene ion (H2SiSiH2+) in the silane plasma. In this structure, one of the electronegative H atoms of SiH4 donates electron density into the partially filled electrophilic π orbital of the disilene cation. The resulting asymmetric SiHSi bridge of the 2+ isomer with a bond energy of approximately 60 kJ mol−1 is characteristic for a weak three‐center two‐electron bond, which is identified by its strongly IR active asymmetric SiHSi stretching fundamental at about 1765 cm−1. The observed 2+ isomer is calculated to be only a few kJ mol−1 less stable than the global minimum structure of Si3H8+ (1+), which is derived from vertical ionization of trisilane. Although more stable, 1+ is not detected in the measured IR spectrum of Si3H8+–Ar, and its lower abundance in the supersonic plasma is rationalized by the production mechanism of Si3H8+ in the silane plasma, in which a high barrier between 2+ and 1+ prevents the efficient formation of 1+. The potential energy surface of Si3H8+ is characterized in some detail by quantum chemical calculations. The structural, vibrational, electronic and energetic properties as well as the chemical bonding mechanism are investigated for a variety of low‐energy Si3H8+ isomers and their fragments. The weak intermolecular bonds of the Ar ligands in the Si3H8+–Ar isomers arise from dispersion and induction forces and induce only a minor perturbation of the bare Si3H8+ ions. Comparison with the potential energy surface of C3H8+ reveals the differences between the silicon and carbon species.
ChemInform Abstract: Rietveld Refinement of AgCa10(PO4)7 from X‐Ray Powder Data.
Authors: Strutynska Nataliya Yu. , Zatovsky Igor V. , Ogorodnyk Ivan V. , Slobodyanik Nikolay S.
Published: October 2013

Polycrystalline AgCa10(PO4)7 is obtained by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Ag3PO4, CaCO3, and CaHPO4 (porcelain crucible, calcination at 873 K, annealing at 1173 K, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Dilithium Hexahydroxidostannate(IV) Dihydrate, a Second Monoclinic Modification with a Layer Structure.
Authors: Kamaha Shouassi , Reuter Hans
Published: October 2013

Colorless single crystals of Li2[Sn(OH)6]·2H2O are precipitated from a 15 wt.% aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic and Electric Field Characterization of La2CoMnO6 Crystals Doped with Pb.
Authors: Yankova L. , Milenov T. I. , Rafailov P. M. , Avdeev G. V. , Veleva M. N. , Gosopodinov M. M.
Published: October 2013

Crystals of La1.83Pb0.17Mn1.20Co0.80 O6‐δ are prepared by the high temperature solution growth method and characterized by electric and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of NaxM2SbO6·yH2O, M: Co(III), Ni(III) Honeycomb Oxyhydrates.
Authors: Roudebush J. H. , Cava R. J.
Published: October 2013

Na0.85Co2SbO6·1.7H2O and Na0.95Ni2SbO6·1.5H2O are synthesized by oxidation of Na3M2SbO6 (M: Co, Ni) with Br2/MeCN solution at room temperature followed by exposure to ambient air.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphism and Optical Properties in [NH4][InSe2].
Authors: Ewing Sarah J. , Woodward David I. , Powell Anthony V. , Vaqueiro Paz
Published: October 2013

Yellow crystals of [NH4][InSe2] (I) are solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of In, Se, trans‐1,4‐diaminocyclohexane or concentrated NH3 solution, and water (autoclave, 200 °C, 5—10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure, Dielectric Properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 Single Crystal Grown by Flux Method Using B2O3 Flux.
Authors: Saravanan R. , Rajesh D. , Rajasekaran S. V. , Perumal R. , Chitra M. , Jayavel R.
Published: October 2013

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared from mixtures of Na2CO3, K2CO3, and Nb2O5 using mixtures of KF, NaF, and B2O3 as flux (1150 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: An Unprecedented [Mo3IVO4]‐Incorporated Polyoxometalate Concomitant with MoO2 Nucleophilic Addition.
Authors: Chen Wei‐Peng , Sang Rui‐Li , Wang Yi , Xu Li
Published: October 2013

H2Py3 [H4MoIV6MoVI7 O36py6]·2H2O is hydrothermally synthesized from an acidic aqueous solution of [Mo3O4(H2O)9]4+ containing N(CH2‐COOH)3 and Py (autoclave, 393 K, 3 d, 20% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Internal Lewis Acid Assisted Ureas: Tunable Hydrogen Bond Donor Catalysts.
Authors: Nickerson David M. , Angeles Veronica V. , Auvil Tyler J. , So Sonia S. , Mattson Anita E.
Published: October 2013

Incorporation of internal Lewis acid moieties onto urea scaffolds gives rise to novel tunable hydrogen bond donor catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Relay Catalysis: Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Benzo‐Fused Homoallylic Alcohols by Chiral Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Allylboration/Ring Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Fustero Santos , Rodriguez Elsa , Lazaro Ruben , Herrera Lidia , Catalan Silvia , Barrio Pablo
Published: October 2013

The title reaction provides access to six‐ and seven‐membered benzo‐fused cyclic homoallylic alcohols (III), (V), (VII), (IX), and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Recoverable Osmium Catalysts with Osmium—Diolate Esters for Dihydroxylation of Olefins.
Authors: Fujita Ken‐ichi , Umeki Satoshi , Ysuda Hiroyuki
Published: October 2013

The magnetically recoverable catalyst is found to be most efficient one for the conversion of olefins to vicinal diols.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Nitro‐Mannich Reaction of α‐Substituted Nitroacetates to N‐Phosphoryl Imines Catalyzed by cinchona Alkaloid Thiourea Organocatalysts.
Authors: Fan Weidong , Kong Shasha , Cai Yan , Wu Guiping , Miao Zhiwei
Published: October 2013

The presented method is highly tolerable to functionalized N‐phosphoryl imines and provides a reliable synthetic route to the corresponding β‐nitro ethylphosphoramidates (III) with adjacent quaternary and tertiary chiral centers in high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular C—H Insertion Reactions of α‐Diazo‐β‐keto Esters and α‐Diazo‐β‐keto Phosphonates.
Authors: Slattery Catherine N. , Maguire Anita R.
Published: October 2013

The process is best achieved under the conditions shown to give cyclopentanone derivatives with moderate e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycerol Ingrained Copper: An Efficient Recyclable Catalyst for the N‐Arylation of Amines with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Khatri Praveen K. , Jain Suman L.
Published: October 2013

Glycerol as the solvent facilitates the product isolation by extraction with diethyl ether.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Ketothioamides via Willgerodt—Kindler Reaction of Arylglyoxals with Amines and Sulfur under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Eftekhari‐Sis Bagher , Khajeh Saleh Vahdati , Bueyuekguengoer Orhan
Published: October 2013

Heterocyclic amines work well, whereas secondary acyclic amines produce a complex mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Oxidation of Acyclic Olefins.
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: October 2013

Unsymmetrical peroxides (II) are tested under optimized conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,β‐Alkynyl Esters and Unsymmetrical Maleate Esters Catalyzed by Pd/C; an Efficient Phosphine‐Free Catalytic System for Oxidative Alkoxycarbonylation of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Gadge Sandip T. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: October 2013

In dioxane as the solvent the process provides α,β‐alkynyl esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,2‐Disubstituted Tetrahydrofurans: Palladium‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Trimethylenemethane with Ketones.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Bringley Dustin A.
Published: October 2013

The presented reaction demonstrates novel reactivity and provides the title compounds bearing a tetrasubstituted stereocenter.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Indoline and Carbazole by Benzyne‐Mediated Cyclization—Functionalization.
Authors: Noji Toshiharu , Fujiwara Hideto , Okano Kentaro , Tokuyama Hidetoshi
Published: October 2013

The preparation of multisubstituted indolines and carbazoles by a benzyne‐mediated cyclization—functionalization sequence is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Sequential Cross‐Coupling Reactions on Imidazole Towards Neurodazine and Analogues.
Authors: Recnik Lisa‐Maria , Abd El Hameid Mohammed , Haider Maximilian , Schnuerch Michael , Mihovilovic Marko D.
Published: October 2013

A synthesis of 2,4,5‐triarylated imidazoles is developed and applied to the preparation of neurodazine (XIb), a molecule affecting neuronal cell differentiation.