bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguistically and culturally relevant education on the roof of the world: The collaborative creation of a Ladakhi storybook
Authors: Dowd Patrick
Published: September 2019

This article describes the creation of a culturally and linguistically relevant storybook written for 10–12-year-old children in the Ladakh, a high-altitude region of the Indian Himalayas. Formerly a part of the Tibetan Empire, Ladakh came under Indian rule in the mid-nineteenth century but maintained strong autonomy and close ties with its neighbour to the north until China closed the Ladakh-Tibet border in the late 1950s. In the 1970s the Indian government opened the Ladakh to tourism which resulted in rapid change, transforming the preindustrial, largely agrarian society into one heavily dependent on tourism. In a region where the total population is less than 275,000, in 2016 alone nearly 240,000 tourists visited Ladakh, almost 200,000 of whom were Indian. Language shift from Ladakhi to Hindi and English, as well as a profound sense of cultural alienation, are among the unintended consequences of the tourist industry and thorough incorporation of Ladakh into the Indian market economy.

Having interviewed numerous teachers, principals, and education activists in the summer of 2016, they nearly unanimously argued that the lack of culturally relevant, Ladakhi-centric material was a major reason young Ladakhis failed to learn their language well and the cultural values embedded within it. I returned to Ladakh in August 2017 to work with a team of local Ladakhi university students, writers and illustrators to produce a children’s storybook rooted in the people, landscape, language and culture of Ladakh. 1,000 copies were printed in February 2018 and are currently being distributed in Ladakh by the Himalayan Cultural Heritage Foundation. The article describes the collaborative research, writing and illustration that produced the book, as well as how we navigated the delicate balance of honouring colloquial Ladakhi while still respecting the grammar and spelling of the literary Tibetan language on which it is based.
Clearing space: Language reclamation, decolonization and the Internet
Authors: Tcherneshoff Kristen , Udell Daniel Bögre
Published: September 2019

Perhaps the greatest misconception about cultural diversity is that the Internet has been a barrier to its sustenance by swallowing up smaller cultures in a torrent of English, Spanish and other mass media languages. However, the Internet has equipped people with the possibility of sustaining their ancestral tongues by expanding media access and creation, making it possible to use minoritized languages on a daily basis and promote them in a global context without external support. This article explores the historical relationship between language assimilation and colonization and, by extension, the central role that language reclamation plays in decolonization; and the recent groundswell of online language activism through geographically diverse case studies, including Tunica, Kernowek and Võro. This article initiates an unwritten history of language activism in the twenty-first century and demonstrates the foundation of a roadmap for leveraging the Internet in contemporary language revival.
A succession of dialogues: François-Marie Luzel and his contribution to the Breton folk tale
Authors: Wilson Michael
Published: September 2019

François-Marie Luzel (1821–95) was one of the most significant French folklorists of his day and champion of Breton culture. He mainly collected folk tales in his native Lower Brittany and published prolifically, including three volumes in the monumental Contes populaires series, published by Maisonneuve and Charles Leclerc in 1887. On the one hand, Luzel was a man of his time, adopting the philosophies and approaches of his fellow folklorists and antiquarians. However, many of his methods, in particular his insistence on authenticity and fidelity to the spoken word, and his realization that traditional cultures are enriched and preserved not through cultural isolation, but by interaction with other cultures, seem out of step with the attitudes of many of his contemporaries and rather seem to anticipate twentieth-century developments in folk tale collecting practice. Furthermore, Luzel often courted controversy and regularly came into conflict with many of his colleagues in the Breton cultural and political establishment around his insistence on publishing in French and his attitude towards the literary ‘Unified Breton’ and the associated debates around what constituted an authentic Breton culture. This article will place Luzel in his historical context and explore his approach to collecting and publishing his folk tales and the controversies that he courted. It is followed by a companion piece – a new translation of one of Luzel’s tales – ‘Jannic aux deux sous’ (‘Tuppenny Jack’) – a Breton variant of ‘The Frog Prince’.
Cree language use in contemporary children’s literature
Authors: Schillo Julia , Turin Mark
Published: September 2019

An increasing number of children’s books are being written, illustrated and published in Indigenous languages, responding to the urgent need for children to be exposed to their ancestral languages to further the goals of language revitalization across all ages and restore intergenerational language transmission. Such publications range in style from instructional language-learning books that feature a picture alongside associated text – helping children to learn words in a manner similar to using flashcards – to fully developed storybooks written entirely in an Indigenous language or in a bilingual format, with an Indigenous language and an official, national or colonial language sharing the same page. This article focuses on three recent books that have adopted the final approach outlined above – using English as the primary medium with Cree woven into the text throughout the book: Nimoshom and His Bus (Thomas 2017); Stolen Words (Florence 2017); and Awâsis and the World-Famous Bannock (Hunt 2019).
Decriminalising Ornament: The Pleasures of Pattern: The sympathy of illustration
Authors: Hoogslag Nanette
Published: September 2019

This article reflects on the research exhibition Decriminalising Ornament: The Pleasures of Pattern held in the Ruskin Gallery in Cambridge in November 2018 in conjunction with the International Illustration Research Conference of the same name. It considers the role of ornament and decoration in the exhibited works and through this the essential presence of the decorative within illustration.

Key is Lars Spuybroek's concept of sympathy, which he develops based on a premodern understanding of ornamentation. In response to Spuybroek's exploration of this concept, this article seeks to extend the notion of sympathy as an essential presence within illustration. Sympathy indicates a human-material relationship not just between the illustrator and the creative materials, but also in the readers connection with this decorative act in the reproduced illustration.
Texture: Faking the physical
Authors: Stevenson Gabrielle Brace , Stevenson Nicholas
Published: September 2019

Contemporary illustration is infatuated with texture. The imperfections of analogue processes and signs of physical decay, which were once incidental, or even irritating, are now highly sought after and frequently replicated in order to provide an ornamental layer to contemporary digital illustration. Nicholas Stevenson is an illustrator who uses texture this way. His visual language centres around analogue textures that are digitally applied from an ever-growing library of scanned surfaces: taken from worn book jackets, watermarked paper and ink smudges. This visual essay explores this topic through Nicholas's illustrations in dialogue with Gabrielle's written, critical commentary. Drawing on Mark Fisher's ideas about hauntology in twenty-first-century western culture, and Jean Baudrillard's simulacra, we intend to explore the latent effects of the ornamental application of analogue texture in digital illustration, with Nicholas Stevenson's work taking the role of both example and co-contributor.
World Metal Congress, Rich Mix, Shoreditch, London, 21–22 March 20191
Authors: Retallick Joshua , Scott Niall , Milas Alexander , O’Boyle Tom , Barone Stefano , Khatib Lina
Published: September 2019

This work is a critical report on the world metal congress held at Richmix, Shoreditch, London on 21–22 March 2019, reviewing the panel discussions, screenings of Syrian Metal Is War and Songs of Injustice: Heavy Metal in Latin America as well as the live performances at the event.
Assimilation gaming: The reification of compulsory gender roles in RuPaul’s Drag Race
Authors: DeAnda Michael Anthony
Published: September 2019

This article analyses the ‘Bunk Buddies’ mini-challenge on Season 8 of RuPaul’s Drag Race (2009–present, USA: World of Wonder), during which the competitors identified the sexual positions of Andrew Christian models. In this episode (‘Shady Politics’ 2016), gaming and camera technologies work in tandem to repackage heteronormative models of gender and sexual identity for gay audiences. While the mini-challenge offers Andrew Christian models for visual pleasure of gay audiences, the game mechanics and camera angles reify masculine/feminine gender binaries in the way the preferred sexual positions between men are constructed, coding ‘tops’ as masculine and ‘bottoms’ as feminine. While stereotypes in the gay community also present similar understandings of compulsory gender roles, this depiction in RuPaul’s Drag Race, a groundbreaking television series celebrating gay lives and gender subversion through drag, is particularly troubling because it mythologizes a binary gender model that cites the heterosexual matrix and assimilates gay men into traditional male and female gender roles according to their preferred sexual positions. The ‘Bunk Buddies’ challenge thus suggests that sexual positions between men also have a literacy based on masculinity (penetrating) and femininity (receiving).
Queer/ing museological technologies of display
Authors: Sullivan Nikki , Middleton Craig
Published: September 2019

Recent research has shown that the stories and experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ) people are largely absent in museums internationally. At the same time, there is a growing awareness in the Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums (GLAM) sector that public-facing cultural institutions have a duty to reflect diversity in all its forms, to take an active approach to inclusion and to promote understanding between different groups, communities and cultures. What, then, might such an undertaking entail? Moving beyond assimilationist approaches to inclusion this article elaborates a ‘queering’ of contemporary museum practices, the often invisiblized assumptions that inform them and the ethico-political effects that they produce. The article will draw on examples from our own practice as museum curators in South Australia inspired by international and Australian artists and curators including Matt Smith (UK) and Jo Derbyshire (Australia).
Review
Authors: Easterbrook-Smith Gwyn
Published: September 2019

My Body, My Business: New Zealand Sex Workers in an Era of Change, Caren Wilton (photography by Madeline Slavick) (2018) Dunedin: Otago University Press, 286 pp., p/bk, 215×165 mm, ISBN 978-1-98853-132-8
Nélida Piñon
Authors: Maura Antonio
Published: September 2019

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La intimidad del estudio como forma de vida
Authors: Bárcena Orbe Fernando
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de este ensayo es una exploración de la intimidad del estudio considerado como una forma de vida. El punto de partida que sirve de inspiración aquí es doble. Por una parte, la antigua tradición grecolatina que entendía la actividad filosófica como un ejercicio espiritual (como un arte de vivir o como un cuidado de sí). Desde esta perspectiva, el estudio (al mismo tiempo una actividad que se realiza y un lugar de exilio estudioso) -referido a esta noción griega de «espiritualidad»- consiste en la experiencia por medio de la cual el sujeto (estudioso) efectúa en sí mismo las transformaciones necesarias para tener acceso a la verdad de sus asuntos, donde se quiebran las relaciones tradicionales del adentro y del afuera, lo interior y lo exterior. Lo que aquí se postula, entonces, es que la verdad no se ofrece al sujeto como un mero acto de conocimiento, sino que es preciso que se modifique, transforme y se convierta en distinto de sí mismo para tener derecho de acceso a la verdad. Se establece, entonces, una relación muy diferente -a la que predomina en los discursos pedagógicos contemporáneos de la llamada sociedad del aprendizaje (que ponen el acento en el aprender, pero no en el estudiar)- entre el sujeto y el saber. Por otro lado, este texto se sirve de una imagen determinada, que trata de dar cuenta de un aspecto central de la intimidad del estudio: como Penélope, que teje y desteje cada día una tela funeraria mientras espera el regreso de Ulises, para así poder resistirse a la presión de sus acosadores, el estudio es una actividad interminable que, en cada jornada, el estudioso repite los mismos gestos (en el leer, el pensar y el escribir), gestos que le permiten sostenerse en la larga fatiga del estudio y sustraerse a la presión ejercida por una idea de la educación que ha de estar volcada siempre a los resultados y a las utilidades. En este ensayo se explora, de acuerdo con todo esto, el estudio como una actividad interminable donde se ejerce el tiempo libre en una  modalidad de exilio estudioso, en la que la práctica de la lectura y la escrita de anotaciones sostienen al estudioso en la larga fatiga del estudiar.
Correlation between hematological profile and theileriosis in Bali cattle from Muara Bulian, Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: Aziz N. , Maksudi M. , Prakoso Y. A.
Published: September 2019

Background and Aim: Theileriosis is a parasitic disease caused by the hemoprotozoan Theileria spp. The main transmission route of this disease is through tick vector bite. Theileriosis causes economic losses in livestock such as Bali cattle. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of theileriosis and its correlation with the hematological profile of Bali cattle from the subdistrict of Muara Bulian, Batang Hari, Jambi, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: Ninety-four blood samples were collected through jugular vein of Bali cattle. The presence of Theileria spp. was determined using blood smear. Routine blood tests and double-staining immunohistochemistry against CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were conducted on all blood samples.

Results: A total of 34.04% of the samples were infected by Theileria spp. Theileriosis affected only hemoglobin level (p<0.05); it did not affect the other parameters of the hematological profile (p>0.05). However, it also decreased CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (p<0.05), besides increasing CD8+ (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Theileriosis does not change the hematological profile of Bali cattle except for the hemoglobin levels. Moreover, it promotes T-cell depletion.
Administration of Streptococcus bovis isolated from sheep rumen digesta on rumen function and physiology as evaluated in a rumen simulation technique system
Authors: Aphale Durgadevi , Natu Aamod , Laldas Sharad , Kulkarni Aarohi
Published: September 2019

Background and Aim: Little information about the stability and changes of sheep ruminal microbiota due to pathogen intervention in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) is available. This study aimed to investigate the effect of administration of a novel isolated Streptococcus bovis strain on rumen microbiology and physiology. In addition, the isolation of pigment-producing Streptococcus lutetiensis is described.

Materials and Methods: Microbial strains were isolated from sheep rumen digesta. An isolated strain of S. bovis was evaluated in the RUSITEC system fed with mixed cattle feed and compared with an in-house developed probiotic formulation (PF), PF 1, containing Bacillus amyloliquifaciens, Bacillus subtilis, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. The parameters of volatile fatty acid, lactic acid, pH profiling, and the coliform anti-pathogenicity were evaluated to determine the effect of S. bovis on rumen function and physiology.

Results: Administration of S. bovis reduced the coliform count by 31.20% from 7.2×1010 colony-forming units (CFU)/ mLto 1.7×106 CFU/mL. Agar diffusion assays revealed the extracellular antimicrobial activity of S. bovis against coliforms; Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica with 12 and 14 mm zones of inhibition, respectively. Simultaneously, an increase of 61.62% in the rumen yeast count was noted. The physiological changes resulted in a 5% reduction in acetic acid concentration from 431 to 405 mg/L.

Conclusion: The present research indicates that S. bovis is highly capable of altering rumen physiology and function on colonization and is a key transition microbe to be studied during rumen intervention studies. A decrease in the coliform count could be attributed to extracellular production of a bacteriocin-like substance, as illustrated through agar diffusion assays.
EVALUATING SHEAR STRENGTH OF SAND- GGBFS BASED GEOPOLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIAL
Authors: Al-Rkaby Alaa Hussein Jassim
Published: September 2019

Geopolymer has been emerging as a novel and sustainable replacement for the traditional soil improvement materials, such as ordinary Portland cement OPC and lime, which have severe environmental impacts. In this paper, a series of unconfined compression and triaxial tests were conducted on sand and sand - ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) based geopolymer. A solution of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide was employed for the geopolymerization process. Results revealed that adding the GGBFS resulted in a significant increase in the strength properties. This result indicates that geopolymer acted as a cementation agent, providing better bonding between the sand particles and consequently improving the performance of the treated sand.
WAAM TECHNOLOGY OPTIMIZED BY OFF-LINE 3D ROBOT SIMULATION
Authors: Gurčík Tomáš , Kovanda Karel
Published: September 2019

WAAM (Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing) is an alternative additive technology that combines an electric arc as a heat source, filler material in the form of a wire for welding and cladding individual weld passes so as to ultimately achieve the closest shape of produced components. Nowadays, when it is modern to digitize the manufacturing production, this process can also be designed using off-line programming tools and 3D simulations of the robot that welds the whole structure. This study deals with the comparison of three structured continuous welds using different weld metal transfers. From the results of the first two processes (dip transfer and IAC process), optimization was achieved using the CMT process and the welding path correction. As the filler material, the low-alloyed solid wire electrode for shielded arc welding of quenched and tempered fine grained structural steels, Böhler Union X 90 (G 89 6 M Mn4Ni2CrMo) with 1 mm in diameter, was used. Obtained samples were subjected to standard technological tests. The results of these tests are used to determine new parameters to ensure stability of this technology. The experiment confirmed that off-line programming will greatly influence the speed and quality of the welding track programs. The results prove that, by combining off-line welding path optimization with an optimized CMT welding process, we can achieve a stable WAAM process.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF Al-Si COATING ON STEEL 22MnB5 DEPENDING ON THE HEAT TREATMENT
Authors: Kolaříková Marie , Chotěborský Rostislav , Hromasová Monika , Linda Miloslav
Published: September 2019

The coating on the 22MnB5 steel is intended to protect it against oxidation during the forming process. This steel is hot-pressed. A preheating before the pressing and subsequent hardening in the tool affects the properties of the AlSi coating. This study summarizes the results of investigating the effect of heat treatment parameters on the formation of intermetallics in the AlSi coating. The chemical analysis of the coating was performed by the EDX and EBSD method and the mechanical properties were determined by the Hysitron TI 950 TriboIndenter™ system. The result of this study is that, due to a diffusion during the heat treatment, the brittle coating was transformed into a tougher phase.
3D DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON ARCHIVED TERRESTRIAL PHOTOGRAPHS FROM METRIC CAMERAS
Authors: Poloprutský Zdeněk , Fraštia Marek , Marčiš Marián
Published: September 2019

The paper deals with the possibilities and limitations of the image processing of digitalized terrestrial photographs from analogue metric cameras. By the end of the 20th century, analogue metric cameras such as Zeiss UMK were used for documentation purposes in the fields of industrial and investment construction, nature and landscape preservation, heritage preservation, etc. Currently, the collections of photographs are stored at specialized archives of many different institutions, such as libraries, museums, universities, etc. These sets of photographs provide a material background for a 3D digital reconstruction of a subject of interest at the time of taking the photographs. The digital image processing of old photographs may be more difficult due to unknown parameters of the used camera, such as the focal length, image coordinates of the fiducial marks and distortion parameters of the lens system, etc. In this case, it may be difficult to process these photographs in a photogrammetric software. The paper presents a methodology for the digital photogrammetric processing of analogue terrestrial photographs. The data processing is based on the parameters of the used metric cameras, which are described in their calibration reports. The image processing was tested in two commercial photogrammetric software tools that utilize the technology of Structure-from-Motion (SfM) or multiimage intersection photogrammetry to process image datasets.
COMMON CROSSING CONDITION MONITORING WITH ON BOARD INERTIAL MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Sysyn Mykola , Nabochenko Olga , Gerber Ulf , Kovalchuk Vitalii , Petrenko Oleksiy
Published: September 2019

A railway turnout is an element of the railway infrastructure that influences the reliability of a railway traffic operation the most. The growing necessity for the reliability and availability in the railway transportation promotes a wide use of condition monitoring systems. These systems are typically based on the measurement of the dynamic response during operation. The inertial dynamic response measurement with on-board systems is the simplest and reliable way of monitoring the railway infrastructure. However, the new possibilities of condition monitoring are faced with new challenges of the measured information utilization. The paper deals with the condition monitoring of the most critical part of turnouts - the common crossing. The application of an on-board inertial measurement system ESAH-F for a crossing condition monitoring is presented and explained. The inertial measurements are characterized with the low correlation of maximal vertical accelerations to the lifetime. The data mining approach is used to recover the latent relations in the measurement’s information. An additional time domain and spectral feature sets are extracted from axle-box acceleration signals. The popular spectral kurtosis features are used additionally to the wavelet ones. The feature monotonicity ranking is carried out to select the most suited features for the condition indicator. The most significant features are fused in a one condition indicator with a principal component analysis. The proposed condition indicator delivers an almost two-time higher correlation to the lifetime as the maximal vertical accelerations. The regression analysis of the indicator to the lifetime with an exponential fit proves its good applicability for the crossing residual useful life prognosis.
Identifying and Achieving Consensus on Health-Related Indicators of Climate Change in Nunavut
Authors: Healey Akearok Gwen , Holzman S. , Kunnuk J. , Kuppaq N. , Martos Z. , Healey C. , Makkik R. , Mearns C. , Mike-Qaunaq A. , Tabish T.
Published: September 2019

Indigenous peoples of the North are affected by climate change, and future changes in climate are likely to continue to pose serious challenges. Climate change and the resulting change in the environment and communities are believed to further compound existing health issues. There is considerable regional variation within the circumpolar world, and each area of the Canadian Arctic has its own unique environmental and societal characteristics. Therefore, to track the impacts on human health in Nunavut, a monitoring framework—one that takes into account the territory’s unique context—must be implemented. The objective of this study was to identify human health indicators of climate change on a global scale with a focus on indicators relevant to the Canadian Arctic atmosphere, habitats, and peoples. The Piliriqatigiinniq Community Health Research Model provided the guiding framework for this exploratory study. First, a scoping review of health-related indicators of climate change was conducted. From this review, an initial list of 30 indicators was produced. Second, individuals from multiple sectors were invited to participate in a consensus-building process to identify health-related indicators of climate change for Nunavut. Through individual selection and group discussion, a final set of 20 indicators was chosen by workshop participants. The indicators identified in both phases focused on four key themes: 1) environmental health; 2) morbidity and mortality; 3) population vulnerability; and 4) mitigation, adaptation, and policy. Participants felt these indicators would be useful in practice in Nunavut. Next steps are to implement and monitor the utility of the selected indicators.
USULAN PERBAIKAN SUMBER BAHAYA PADA AREA ASSEMBLY 2 DENGAN METODE HAZARD AND OPERABILITY STUDY DAN FAULT TREE ANALYSIS (STUDI KASUS: PT. ASTRA DAIHATSU MOTOR)
Authors: Saptadi Singgih , Ardi Fahmi
Published: September 2019

Perkembangan industri di Indonesia, khususnya pada industri manufaktur, mengalami kemajuan yang cukup pesat. Populasi tenaga kerja industri bertambah seiring perkembangan industri dan nilai tambah industri nasional yang meningkat dengan jumlah sebanyak 30,992 orang pada tahun 2018, meningkat 17,92% dibanding tahun 2017. Namun, masalah dan penanggulangan pada kasus kecelakaan kerja masih kurang diperhatikan, dibarengi dengan jumlah kecelakaan kerja yang masih tinggi, tidak terkecuali di PT. Astra Daihatsu Motor. Maka dari itu penelitian dilakukan di area Assembly 2 di area pabrik PT. Astra Daihatsu Motor di kawasan Sunter, Jakarta, dengan metode Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) dan Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) untuk mengetahui potensi bahaya secara teliti serta mengungkap unsur-unsur yang berpotensi berbahaya dalam sistem. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 17 sumber bahaya dengan 2 sumber termasuk dalam level risiko tinggi, 3 sumber level risiko sedang, dan 12 sumber level risiko rendah. Analisis deduktif dengan Fault Tree Analysis didapatkan hasil dengan munculnya 5 basic event dari Thinner dan 4 basic event dari Lampu Heater dengan rekomendasi perbaikan pada aspek desain, konstruksi, dan pelatihan handling yang baik pada material tersebut. Abstract[Proposed Improvement of Hazard Sources In The Area of Assembly 2 With The Hazard And Operability Study And Fault Tree Analysis (Case Study: PT. Astra Daihatsu Motor)]The development of industry in Indonesia, especially in the manufacturing industry, has experienced rapid progress. The industrial labor population increased as industry development and national industrial value added increased by as many as 30,992 people in 2018, an increase of 17.92% compared to 2017. However, the prevention and countermeasures in cases of workplace accidents are still not considered as priority, including in PT. Astra Daihatsu Motor. Therefore a research has been conducted in the Assembly 2 area at the PT. Astra Daihatsu Motor in the Sunter area, Jakarta, using the applicability of Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) method and the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method to carefully identify potential hazards and reveal potentially dangerous elements in the system. In this study 17 sources of hazards were found with 2 sources including high risk level, 3 medium risk level sources, and 12 low risk level sources.  Deductive analysis with Fault Tree Analysis is obtained, namely 5 basic events from Thinner and 4 basic events from the Heater Lamps with recommendations on aspects of design, construction, and handling training in the material.Keywords: work accident; hazard and operability; risk level; fault tree analysis
Same-Sex Marriage and Italian Exceptionalism
Authors: Winkler Matteo M
Published: September 2019

This article unveils Italy’s exceptionalism in recognising and protecting same-sex couples by adopting a three-dimension analysis: constitutional, comparative and supranational. It maintains that, compared to other countries whose courts were sympathetic with the legal claims raised by lesbian and gay people, Italy’s Constitutional Court adopted a totally different approach, reinforcing the heteronormativity of marriage in a way that delayed all efforts to pass a law on same-sex registered partnerships. The Constitutional Court, in particular, interpreted the Constitution, the experience of other nations and supranational law according to heteronormativity, an example that is unique in the comparative context. As an illustration, this article addresses the case Bernaroli vs Ministry of the Interior. In Bernaroli, a male-to-female transgender person wanted to remain married to her wife notwithstanding the transition. The case ignited a heated debate among scholars and questioned the courts’ opinions as to the human rights dynamics surrounding same-sex marriage and, more importantly, about the current role of heteronormativity in marriage law. This article concludes that the legal existence of Bernaroli’s marriage represents a constant challenge to the status quo and highlights the permanent crisis of heteronormativity. After the Austrian Constitutional Court’s recent ruling that declared the law on same-sex domestic partnership to be discriminatory, heteronormativity’s defence became even more untenable, making Italy’s a true exception in the continent’s legal landscape.
Displaying society
Authors: Wróblewska-Trochimiuk Ewa
Published: September 2019

The aim of the paper is to present selected Croatian museum and gallery exhibitions in the light of the phenomenon of museum transformation from the pedagogical into the performative model. Contemporary museums and art galleries initiate new forms of activity. In the old pedagogical model (dominant in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries) art institutions pretended to be neutral and specified education as their main task. This model has been replaced by a performative one which emphasizes cultural relativism, and focuses on the sensory aspect of perception, highlighting the role of the embodied and the sensual. This paper focuses on examples of three Croatian exhibitions: “Socijalizam i modernost. Umjetnost, kultura, politika 1950–1974” (Socialism and modernity. Art, culture, politics 1950–1974) (2011–2012), “Kome treba poduzeće? Slučaj Borovo 1988–1991” (Who needs a company? The case of Borovo 1988–1991) (2016), “Kako živi narod – izvještaj o pasivnosti” (How the people live – a report on passivity) (2016). I intend to show that in spite of widespread opinions to the contrary, museums have not moved away from their original pedagogical task. They still shape reception and they are still deeply interested in power. However, they do this by using modern performative tools – by creating a neural, haptic and multi-sensory relation between the recipient and the object.
A Non-Canonical Cortico-Amygdala Inhibitory Loop
Authors: Bertero Alice , Feyen Paul Luc Caroline , Zurita Hector , Apicella Alfonso junior
Published: September 2019

Discriminating between auditory signals of different affective value is critical for the survival and success of social interaction of an individual. Anatomical, electrophysiological, imaging, and optogenetics approaches have established that the auditory cortex (AC) by providing auditory information to the lateral amygdala (LA) via long-range excitatory glutamatergic projections has an impact on sound-driven aversive/fear behavior. Here we test the hypothesis that the LA also receives GABAergic projections from the cortex. We addressed this fundamental question by taking advantage of optogenetics, anatomical, and electrophysiology approaches and directly examining the functional effects of cortical GABAergic inputs to LA neurons of the mouse (male/female) AC. We found that the cortex, via cortico-lateral-amygdala somatostatin neurons (CLA-SOM), has a direct inhibitory influence on the output of the LA principal neurons. Our results define a CLA long-range inhibitory circuit (CLA-SOM inhibitory projections → LA principal neurons) underlying the control of spike timing/generation in LA and LA–AC projecting neurons, and attributes a specific function to a genetically defined type of cortical long-range GABAergic neurons in CLA communication.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is very well established that cortical auditory inputs to the lateral amygdala are exclusively excitatory and that cortico-amygdala neuronal activity has been shown to be involved in sound-driven aversive/fear behavior. Here, for the first time, we show that the lateral amygdala receives long-range GABAergic projection from the auditory cortex and these form direct monosynaptic inhibitory connections onto lateral amygdala principal neurons. Our results define a cellular basis for direct inhibitory communication from auditory cortex to the lateral amygdala, suggesting that the timing and ratio of excitation and inhibition, two opposing forces in the mammalian cerebral cortex, can dynamically affect the output of the lateral amygdala, providing a general mechanism for fear/aversive behavior driven by auditory stimuli.
KARABAŞOTU ÇAYLARINDA KÂFUR MİKTAR TAYİNİ
Authors: İŞCAN Gökalp , ORALOĞLU Zeynep
Published: September 2019

Lavandula
cinsi (Lamiaceae) ekonomik ve tıbbi açıdan büyük önem taşıyan uçucu yağ
bitkilerinin yer aldığı önemli bir taksondur. Bu cinsin Türkiye’de doğal
yayılış gösteren Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas ve L.
pedunculata subsp. cariensis (Boiss.) Upson & S.Andrews olmak
üzere iki türü mevcuttur. Bunlar “karabaşotu, karan, yalancı lavanta, karahan”
gibi isimlerle bilinmekte ve halk arasında genellikle birbirinin yerine tıbbi
amaçlarla yüzyıllardır kullanılmaktadır. İnfüzyonu ve distilasyonla elde edilen
uçucu yağı, analjezik, antiseptik, yara iyi edici, balgam söktürücü, sinir ve
kalp kuvvetlendirici gibi etkileri nedeniyle halk arasında kullanılmaktadır.
Çalışmamızda, ülkemizin farklı bölgelerinden temin edilen karabaşotu
çiçeklerinin uçucu yağ bileşimleri ile hazırlanan çaylarında Avrupa Gıda
Güvenliği Otoritesi (EFSA) tarafından toksisite dozları yayımlanan kâfurun,
kantitatif miktarı ortaya konmuştur. Gaz kromatografisi/kütle spektometresi ve
gaz kromatografisi/alev iyonlaşma dedektörü kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde,
tüm örneklerden elde edilen uçucu yağların ana bileşenleri olarak kâfur (%7-53)
ve fenkon (%27-58) saptanırken, hazırlanan %5 infüzyonlarda ise 4,6-243 µg/mL
aralığında kâfur tespit edilmiştir.
The Spread of Ideas Related to the Developmental Idealism Model in Albania
Authors: Gjonça Arjan , Thornton Arland
Published: September 2019

In this paper we use data from a nationally representative survey conducted in Albania in 2005 to study the spread of the worldviews, values, and beliefs of developmental idealism in the country. We find that Albanians have adopted developmental idealism, with ideas about development and developmental hierarchies that are similar to those of international elites. A substantial majority of Albanians also endorse the developmental idealist belief of an association between socioeconomic development and family matters. Many perceive development as both a cause and an effect of family change, but with more seeing it as a cause than as an effect. Albanians also perceive development as more closely related to fertility and gender equality than to age at marriage. But despite believing that development and family change are related, most Albanians continue to endorse lifetime marriage and strong intergenerational relations. This unique perception of development and demographic behavior reflects Albania's unique history with regard to economic, political and social change. We conclude that despite living in one of the most radical state socialist regimes in the world, which tried to keep its population sealed off from the outside world for many years, Albanians endorse many of the elements of developmental idealism.
Impact of Coronary Collateral Circulation of Perioperative Myocardial Damage in High-Risk Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery
Authors: Ucak Hacı Ali , Uncu Hasan
Published: September 2019

Background: Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is a small vascular formation that allows the connection between the different parts of an epicardial vessel or other vessels. The presence of collateral circulation contributes positively to the course of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of collateral circulation on myocardial injury and clinical outcomes during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in a high-risk patient group.
Methods: 386 patients who underwent isolated CABG under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the Rentrop scores (n = 225 poor CCC group; and n = 161 good CCC group). Myocardial injury and postoperative clinical results were evaluated as endpoints.
Results: The mean age was 62.9 ± 7.5 years, and 61.6% of all patients were male. Postoperative 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in poor CCC group (4 [1.7%] and 1 [0.6%], P < .001). The frequency of postoperative intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) use (5 [2.2%] and 1 [0.6%], P < .001), low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) (28 [12.4%] and 10 [6.2%], P < .001) and postoperative atrial fibrillation (35 [15.6%] and 16 [9.9%], P = .038) were significantly higher in poor CCC group. 12th and 24th hour CK-MB and cTn-I values were found to be significantly lower in the good CCC group.
Conclusion: It is inevitable that the CPB circuit and operation have devastating effects on myocardium in CABG operations. The presence of CCC reduces postoperative myocardial injury, low cardiac output syndrome, and mortality rates.
Programmed Chromosome Deletion in the Ciliate Oxytricha trifallax
Authors: Clay Derek M , Yerlici V Talya , Villano Danylo J , Landweber Laura F
Published: September 2019

The ciliate Oxytricha trifallax contains two nuclei: a germline micronucleus and a somatic macronucleus. These two nuclei diverge significantly in genomic structure. The micronucleus contains approximately 100 chromosomes of megabase scale, while the macronucleus contains 16,000 gene-sized, high ploidy “nanochromosomes.” During its sexual cycle, a copy of the zygotic germline micronucleus develops into a somatic macronucleus via DNA excision and rearrangement. The rearrangement process is guided by multiple RNA-based pathways that program the epigenetic inheritance of sequences in the parental macronucleus of the subsequent generation. Here, we show that the introduction of synthetic DNA molecules homologous to a complete native nanochromosome during the rearrangement process results in either loss or heavy copy number reduction of the targeted nanochromosome in the macronucleus of the subsequent generation. This phenomenon was tested on a variety of nanochromosomes with different micronuclear structures, with deletions resulting in all cases. Deletion of the targeted nanochromosome results in the loss of expression of the targeted genes, including gene knockout phenotypes that were phenocopied using alternative knockdown approaches. Further investigation of the chromosome deletion showed that, although the full length nanochromosome was lost, remnants of the targeted chromosome remain. We were also able to detect the presence of telomeres on these remnants. The chromosome deletions and remnants are epigenetically inherited when backcrossed to wild type strains, suggesting that an undiscovered mechanism programs DNA elimination and cytoplasmically transfers to both daughter cells during conjugation. Programmed deletion of targeted chromosomes provides a novel approach to investigate genome rearrangement and expands the available strategies for gene knockout in Oxytricha trifallax.
Genome-Wide Variant Identification and High-Density Genetic Map Construction Using RADseq for Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae)
Authors: Jin Yuqing , Zhao Wei , Nie Shuai , Liu Si-Si , El-Kassaby Yousry A , Wang Xiao-Ru , Mao Jian-Feng
Published: September 2019

Platycladus orientalis is an ecologically important native conifer in Northern China and exotic species in many parts of the world; however, knowledge about the species’ genetics and genome are very limited. The availability of well-developed battery of genetic markers, with large genome coverage, is a prerequisite for the species genetic dissection of adaptive attributes and efficient selective breeding. Here, we present a genome-wide genotyping method with double-digestion restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) that is effective in generating large number of Mendelian markers for genome mapping and other genetic applications. Using 139 megagametophytes collected from a single mother tree, we assembled 397,226 loci, of which 108,683 (27.4%) were polymorphic. After stringent filtering for 1:1 segregation ratio and missing rate of <20%, the remaining 23,926 loci (22% of the polymorphic loci) were ordered into 11 linkage groups (LGs) and distributed across 7,559 unique positions, with a total map length of 1,443 cM and an average spacing of 0.2 cM between adjacent unique positions. The 11 LGs correspond to the species’ 11 haploid genome chromosome number. This genetic map is among few high-density maps available for conifers to date, and represents the first genetic map for P. orientalis. The information generated serves as a solid foundation not only for marker-assisted breeding efforts, but also for comparative conifer genomic studies.
InstructableCrowd: Creating IF-THEN Rules for Smartphones via Conversations with the Crowd
Authors: Huang Ting-Hao K. , Azaria Amos , Romero Oscar J. , Bigham Jeffrey P.
Published: September 2019

Natural language interfaces have become a common part of modern digital life. Chatbots utilize text-based conversations to communicate with users; personal assistants on smartphones such as Google Assistant take direct speech commands from their users; and speech-controlled devices such as Amazon Echo use voice as their only input mode. In this paper, we introduce InstructableCrowd, a crowd-powered system that allows users to program their devices via conversation. The user verbally expresses a problem to the system, in which a group of crowd workers collectively respond and program relevant multi-part IF-THEN rules to help the user. The IF-THEN rules generated by InstructableCrowd connect relevant sensor combinations (e.g., location, weather, device acceleration, etc.) to useful effectors (e.g., text messages, device alarms, etc.). Our study showed that non-programmers can use the conversational interface of InstructableCrowd to create IF-THEN rules that have similar quality compared with the rules created manually. InstructableCrowd generally illustrates how users may converse with their devices, not only to trigger simple voice commands, but also to personalize their increasingly powerful and complicated devices.
Atsār Al-Azmah Al-Khalījiyyah ‘alā Al-Āmal Al-Insāniy Al-Qathariy
Authors: Elkahlout Ghassan
Published: September 2019

The Gulf crisis, which broke out on June 5, 2017 between Qatar and the four countries (Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Egypt and Bahrain), surprised the world. The four countries initiated punitive action against Qatar and justified it in seeking to stop Qatar from supporting terrorism. The sanctions included a diplomatic boycott, an economic blockade and an air embargo, amounting to the criminalization of sympathizers of the four countries' nationals with Qatar. The Qatari humanitarian sector was one of the targeted sectors in the crisis. The four countries launched smearing campaigns against the Qatari humanitarian work in regional and international forums. The article describes how the Gulf crisis has affected the humanitarian landscape in Qatar. It elaborates on the impact on actors such as donors, humanitarian workers, partnerships and the level of international Qatari cooperationDOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v2i2.8031
New Looks On Abaya as National Identity of United Arab Emirates
Authors: Marifatullah Alfida , Marifatullah Alfida
Published: September 2019

This research discusses the new looks on the abaya which is being part of national identity in the United Arab Emirates and even more widely, abaya was accepted as an Arab culture by fashion lovers all over the world. The government boost preservation of abaya that already becomes a lifestyle of Arabs women by assigning this robe as the national dress. This research uses the qualitative method by using fashion theory from Douglas who said that anxiety is a source of fashion changes. This study shows that fashion changes due to anxiety and wants to bring change or replace it with a new one. In the United Arab Emirates, the changes of fashion occur  because the citizens want to set the abaya to be timeless culture. New looks on abaya bring out the question; How government and individuals protecting abaya from fashion changes in United Arab Emirate? The result of this study is line with the concept of Douglas about fashion; that fashion are created not only to validate or display dominant and accepted categories of identity, but also to out cultural anxiety.The changes that had already done by UAE people not only bring to the "new" UAE, but it was for preservasing culture and history of UAE.
The Interpretation of Historical Facts: The Study of Historical Writing in the Perspective of Exposition Paragraph
Authors: Misbah M. Ma'ruf
Published: September 2019

This article discusses the existence of a trend of historical facts interpretation in producing exposition paragraph in historical writing.The objective of this study is to identify historical writing variation in the form of exposition paragraph through interpretation of historical facts.This study uses a historiographic and library research method in the field of linguistics and history. The results show that historical paragraphs can be written in variesforms; it could be in form of narration, historical paragraphs, and in form of exposition that related to the writing form of history. The paragraph of history can be written by keeping the existence of the analytical element in them according to the reasoning ability of its writers. The explanation about history in the form of writing by interpreting historical facts has resulted in an exposition paragraph. This is related to the method of historical writing that should be used as a guide in the writing of history. With an exposition form, historical paragraphs can explain events of history according to the topic of the text. The impact from the existence of that thing is the occurrence of the writing of historical paragraphs not just in one type of paragraph. There is a paragraph of history in the form of a narrative. There are also historical paragraphs in the form of exposition. Thus, bothhave contributed to the development of the writing of history.