bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volumetric Imaging From Raman Perspective: Review and Prospect
Authors: Wang Nan , Wang Lin , Feng Gong , Gong Maoguo , Wang Weiqi , Lin Shulang , Huang Zhiwei , Chen Xueli
Published: November 2024

Volumetric imaging, which supports quantitative and comprehensive assessment of a 3D sample from an entire volume, has attracted tremendous attention in biomedical research. Fluorescence imaging techniques, such as optical sectioning and light sheet microscopy, enable to reconstruct the 3D distribution of chemicals within a sample. However, current methods rely on exogenous labels, from which considerable perturbation may be introduced in living systems. Raman imaging offers a feasible solution to visualize components in biological samples in a label‐free manner. Besides, the integration of Raman microscopy with 3D approaches will benefit the research of biomedical samples on novel devices, which is dominated by the strongly enhanced spatial resolution, imaging speed, and overall field of view as well as complemented more details of samples. In this overview, recent achievements in 3D visualization of biological samples from the Raman perspective, are explored including scanning mechanism, light sheet, tomography strategy, compressive sensing, holography, and tissue clearing. Importantly, these platforms are compatible with biomedical research, thus allowing the imaging of chemical constituents and the distribution of samples in a whole volume. As a unique volumetric imaging tool for biological discovery, these methods may provide a strategy to accelerate new discoveries across diverse fields of research.
Biochemical Signal‐Induced Supramolecular Hydrogelation for Structured Free‐Standing Soft Material Formation
Authors: Bharathidasan Dineshkumar , Salvi Akshay Sunil , Bose Suryasarathi , Maity Chandan
Published: November 2024

Cells coordinate their activity and regulate biological processes in response to chemical signals. Mimicking natural processes, control over the formation of artificial supramolecular materials is of high interest for their application in biology and medicine. Supramolecular material that can form in response to chemical signals is important for the development of autonomously responsive materials. Herein, a supramolecular hydrogel system is reported enabling in situ generation of hydrogelators in response to a specific chemical signal. Using self‐immolative chemistry, spatial control over the formation of supramolecular hydrogel material and structured free‐standing hydrogel objects via providing H2O2 locally is demonstrated. In addition, a hybrid system is developed enabling in situ generation of the H2O2 by the action of an enzyme and glucose, providing an extra handle for the development of an intelligent soft material. This generic design should enable the use of various (chemical)stimuli that can be obtained via coupling different stimuli and various chemical and/or biological markers and appears a versatile approach for the design of smart artificial soft materials that can find application in theranostic purposes.
Side‐Chain Engineering of Boron β‐Dialdiminate Homopolymer for Solvent‐Dependent Emission Properties
Authors: Ito Shunichiro , Sakai Yuki , Tanaka Kazuo
Published: November 2024

Luminescent materials that respond to changes in microscopic chemical conditions are essential for visualizing and evaluating molecular environments. Boron complexes are often employed as robust scaffolds for constructing such responsive systems because of their inherent stimuli‐responsive properties. However, in the case of nonresponsive luminophores, the absence of these intrinsic features limits their range of applications. In this study, environment‐responsive luminescent homopolymers based on the boron β‐dialdiminate complex are developed, which is intrinsically less responsive, by introducing optimized side chains. As a key finding, the triethylene glycol‐decorated polymer exhibits more intense luminescence in chloroform but weaker luminescence in N,N‐dimethylformamide. Structural analyses using NMR and size‐exclusion chromatography suggest that this polymer forms larger aggregates in polar solvents because of the solvophobicity of its main chain, while the polar side chains assist in maintaining adequate dispersibility of these aggregates. Photophysical measurements indicate that interchromophore interactions within the aggregates should be responsible for the reduced luminescence in polar solvents. These findings suggest that side‐chain engineering should be an effective strategy for creating stimuli‐responsive polymers from otherwise nonresponsive luminophores.
Network analysis: An overview for mental health research
Authors: Briganti Giovanni , Scutari Marco , Epskamp Sacha , Borsboom Denny , Hoekstra Ria H. A. , Golino Hudson Fernandes , Christensen Alexander P. , Morvan Yannick , Ebrahimi Omid V. , Costantini Giulio , Heeren Alexandre , Ron Jill de , Bringmann Laura F. , Huth Karoline , Haslbeck Jonas M. B. , Isvoranu Adela‐Maria , Marsman Maarten , Blanken Tessa , Gilbert Allison , Henry Teague Rhine , Fried Eiko I. , McNally Richard J.
Published: November 2024

Network approaches to psychopathology have become increasingly common in mental health research, with many theoretical and methodological developments quickly gaining traction. This article illustrates contemporary practices in applying network analytical tools, bridging the gap between network concepts and their empirical applications. We explain how we can use graphs to construct networks representing complex associations among observable psychological variables. We then discuss key network models, including dynamic networks, time‐varying networks, network models derived from panel data, network intervention analysis, latent networks, and moderated models. In addition, we discuss Bayesian networks and their role in causal inference with a focus on cross‐sectional data. After presenting the different methods, we discuss how network models and psychopathology theories can meaningfully inform each other. We conclude with a discussion that summarizes the insights each technique can provide in mental health research.
Enhancement of friction and wear performance of polytetrafluoroethylene composites through the synergistic effect of hard fillers
Authors: Yang Dongya , Niu Qinxuan , Wang Honggang , Gao Gui , Zhao Gengrui , Yang Huiya , Lv Tian , Yang Shengrong , Zhang Junyan
Published: November 2024

The Stirling engine is a high‐efficiency externally heating piston engine. The self‐lubricating properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are crucial for the operation of Stirling engines. Three PTFE composites filled with different contents of carbon fiber (CF), polyimide (PI) and nano‐zirconia (nano‐ZrO2) were prepared and their mechanical, friction and wear properties were investigated. The results showed that the density of CF‐containing PTFE composites was significantly reduced by 1.46% to 6.9% compared to neat PTFE. Meanwhile, the incorporation of fillers greatly enhanced the hardness by more than 21.4% over the hardness of neat PTFE. In addition, the friction coefficients of three PTFE composites were lower than those of neat PTFE, and the wear rate of these composites was three orders of magnitude lower than that of neat PTFE. In particular, the wear rate of PTFE filled with CF and PI at high pressure (2 MPa) and high velocity (4 m/s) was only 1.24 × 10–6 mm3/Nm. The wear morphology was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy. It was found that the addition of CF and PI in PTFE has the most pronounced improvement on tribological performances. The synergistic effect of CF's mechanical reinforcement and PI's adhesive properties reduces the wear of the matrix, resulting in excellent wear resistance of PTFE composites.

Highlights

The compressive strength of PTFE was reinforced by CF and nano‐ZrO2.

CF can lower the density and significantly enhance hardness of PTFE.

Synergistic CF and PI enhance PTFE composites' friction & wear performance.

Adhesive fillers & debris size key to forming uniform continuous transfer films.
Fabrication and tribological behaviors of copper fiber and carbon fiber reinforced phenol‐formaldehyde resin‐based composite for sliding current collector
Authors: Wang Pei , Li Kai , Xu Mingkun , Deng Chaoyong , Su Lihong , Guo Yonggang
Published: November 2024

To achieve new current collector (pantograph strip, electric brush) with easy industrialization and high strength‐toughness, carbon fiber and copper fiber reinforced phenol‐formaldehyde (Cuf/Cf/PF) composite is fabricated by over‐lapping and hot‐pressing processes. Cuf/Cf/PF composite has compact structure and good interfacial bonding between fibers and resin matrix. Cuf/Cf/PF composite is superior to carbon skateboard in terms of electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and friction behavior. As the carbon fiber content increases, fracture failure mechanism of Cuf/Cf/PF composite transforms from plastic failure into brittle fracture. Wear mechanism is studied by combining electrical contacting and sliding friction, and appropriate arc discharge (2.48%) is benefit for the resin‐based composite to form a smooth tribolayer, but high arc discharge rate (4.83%) rapidly deteriorates wear condition on the worn surface.

Highlights

Carbon fiber and copper fiber mixing reinforce resin‐based composite.

Cuf/Cf/PF composite has high strength‐toughness and low friction.

Fracture failure mode changes to brittle fracture with increasing carbon fiber.

Wear mechanism includes electrical contacting and sliding friction.

Appropriate arc discharge improve friction performance of resin‐based composite.
Fetal Presentation of MYRF‐Related Cardiac Urogenital Syndrome: An Emerging and Challenging Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Favier Maud , Brischoux‐Boucher Elise , Pyle Louise C. , Mottet Nicolas , Auber‐Lenoir Marion , Cattin Julie , Dahlen Eric , Cabrol Christelle , Arbez‐Gindre Francine , Attié‐Bitach Tania , Boute Odile , Devisme Louise , Trost Detlef , Boughalem Aicha , Chitayat David , Prasov Lev , Chorin Odelia , Rein‐Rothschild Annick , Kassif Eran , Weissbach Tal , Hendon Laura Godfrey , Adam Margaret P. , Quelin Chloé , Jaillard Sylvie , Mary Laura , Aukema Sietse M. , Heijligers Malou , de Die‐Smulders Christine , Stegmann Sander , Badalato Lauren , Ben‐Yehuda Adi , Beneteau Claire , Forey Pierre‐Louis , Kuentz Paul , Piard Juliette
Published: November 2024

Purpose

MYRF‐related cardiac‐urogenital syndrome (MYRF‐CUGS) is a rare condition associated with heterozygous MYRF variants. The description of MYRF‐CUGS phenotype is mostly based on postnatal cases and 36 affected individuals have been published so far. We aim now to delineate the prenatal phenotype of MYRF‐CUGS by reporting clinical data from fetuses and neonates with a pathogenic MYRF variant.

Methods

Detailed radiographic, pathological, clinical, and molecular data from 12 prenatal cases were collected through an international collaborative study. Adding the five fetuses previously published, we were able to study a cohort of 17 cases.

Results

Main ultrasound‐accessible manifestations of MYRF‐CUGS include congenital heart defects (13/17, 76%), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (10/17, 59%) and disorders of sexual differentiation in 46, XY fetuses (7/14; 50%). Postnatal examination and/or autopsy data highlighted additional birth defects and neurological findings with a large spectrum of severity. Molecular results revealed ten previously unpublished variants, one missense and nine predicted truncating variants (three frameshift, three nonsense and three splice site variants).

Conclusion

We report the first prenatal cohort of MYRF‐CUGS, allowing us to further characterize the variable expressivity of this rare disorder in fetuses. Severe congenital anomalies with a poor prognosis are more frequent than previously described in postnatal cases. Our data suggest that MYRF‐CUGS is characterized by a recurrent recognizable malformative association, accessible to prenatal diagnosis, with a significant intrafamilial phenotypic variability making genetic counseling challenging.
Evaluation of an Educator Mental Health Literacy Online Training Package
Authors: Gotham Heather J. , Lever Nancy , Gonzalez Jessica , Macias Maximilian , Canelo Ricardo , McCullough Shannon , Hoover Sharon
Published: November 2024

Educators and school staff are critical to recognizing and supporting students' mental health, but frequently do not have the training to confidently bring mental health literacy into the classroom or assist students who experience distress. Moreover, few free, easily accessible trainings are available for this audience. Classroom Well‐being Information and Strategies for Educators (Classroom WISE) is a free, K‐12 mental health literacy training package that includes a self‐paced online course, video library, and resource collection. Using pre‐ and postcourse anonymous surveys from over 2000 educators, school mental health professionals, and school staff who completed Classroom WISE, this study found high levels of satisfaction, significant increases in mental health literacy knowledge, high perceived importance of mastering skills to promote student well‐being, and increased preparedness to implement mental health‐related strategies. Participants reported intentions to bring mental health literacy into the classroom, and identified barriers and facilitators to using Classroom WISE that leaders can respond to or employ when moving to implement Classroom WISE across a school or district. School district or school‐wide use of Classroom WISE can assist in building a safe and supportive school environment and help students in need to access mental health services.
Pulmonary manifestations of juvenile vs. adult systemic sclerosis: insights into pathophysiological and clinical features
Authors: Di Pasquale Gabriele , Caione Nicholas , Di Berardino Alessio , Di Donato Giulio
Published: November 2024

Juvenile systemic sclerosis (jSSc), the pediatric counterpart of systemic sclerosis (SSc), is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by vasculopathy and fibrotic disorders. It ranks among the rheumatologic diseases with the highest rates of morbidity and mortality, predominantly impacting females. Although a universally accepted classification for jSSc remains elusive, a provisional classification proposed in 2007 integrates major and minor criteria, reflecting the involvement of diverse organs and tissues. Pulmonary manifestations are relatively common in jSSc, occurring in 36% to 55% of cases. Particularly lung complications include children s interstitial lung disease (chILD), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and nodules. The aim of this paper is to describe the main pulmonary manifestations of patients with jSSc in relation to SSc, highlighting fundamental pathophysiological, and clinical features based on the latest literature data.
Reliability, Concurrent Validity, Responsiveness and Measurement Error of the Portuguese Version of Comprehensive Motor Coordination Scale in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Rocha Clara Rezende , Osawa Caroline Rodrigues , Henrique Maria Eduarda Salum Aveiro , de Andrade Pedro Henrique Sousa , de Souza Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande , Luvizutto Gustavo José
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Assessment of motor coordination in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is based on motor performance and does not consider movement quality.

Objective

To validate the Comprehensive Coordination Scale (CCS) in patients with PD and correlate it with motor impairment.

Methods

This cross‐sectional and case‐control study included 15 individuals with PD and 15 healthy older individuals as controls. Motor impairments were measured using the MDS‐UPDRS (Part III). Motor coordination (CCS) was evaluated by five examiners and classified into four domains: upper and lower limbs and unilateral and bilateral tasks. CCS scores were compared between the groups using the Mann–Whitney test; concurrent validity was evaluated using Spearman's correlation between CCS and PD scales; and the inter‐rate reliability was calculated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

There was significant difference between the groups in the upper limb (p < 0.001), lower limb (p = 0.006), unilateral (p < 0.001), bilateral (p = 0.015), and total (p < 0.001) CCS scores. Total CCS score (ICC 0.78), upper limb (ICC 0.71), lower limb (ICC 0.86) and unilateral (ICC 0.74) showed high inter‐rate reliability. Bilateral domain (ICC 0.92) showed very high inter‐rate reliability. And, there was negative correlation between CCS upper limb and postural tremor of hands (r = −0.716; p = 0.008), unilateral CCS domain with postural tremor of hands (r = −0.687; p = 0.012), and CCS total score with postural tremor of hands (r = −0.804; p = 0.002).

Conclusion

There was high inter‐rater agreement for all CCS items, mainly in the lower limb and bilateral tasks. And, there was a moderate‐to‐very strong correlation between the total and sub‐items of the CCS and motor impairment.
Salivary effector DcE1 suppresses plant defense and facilitates the successful feeding of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri
Authors: Kuang Yinhui , Shangguan Chaozhi , Wang Chuyang , Gao Liwei , Yu Xiudao
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Piercing‐sucking insects secrete diverse repertoires of effectors into their hosts to weaken host defenses and promote infestation. The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is the most destructive insect pest in citrus orchards because of its role as a vector for the huanglongbing pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). However, specific effector proteins and their functions in D. citri remain unclear.

RESULTS

We demonstrate that DcE1, a salivary protein gene from D. citri, is predominantly expressed in the salivary gland tissues and is delivered into host plants during feeding. Transient expression in tobacco leaves revealed that DcE1 was subcellularly localized in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, where it inhibited BAX‐ and INF1‐induced cell death, suppressed callose deposition, and activated the salicylic acid pathway by upregulating the expression of endo‐β‐1,3‐glucanase NtBGL2 and regulatory protein NtNPR1. Further, DcE1 knockdown by double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection decreased the survival rates of D. citri and interrupted D. citri phloem‐feeding on host plants.

CONCLUSION

These results indicate that DcE1 is a novel effector that promotes plant susceptibility and enables D. citri feeding. These findings enhance our understanding of D. citri–plant interactions and offer a potential new target gene for the development of citrus protection strategies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Use of the Correlated Debye Model for Extended X‐Ray Absorption Fine Structure‐Based Thermometry in Body‐Centered Cubic and Face‐Centered Cubic Metals
Authors: Kuzmin Alexei , Dimitrijevs Vitalijs , Pudza Inga , Kalinko Aleksandr
Published: November 2024

Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra are sensitive to thermal disorder and are often used to probe local lattice dynamics. Variations in interatomic distances induced by atomic vibrations are described by the temperature‐dependent mean‐square relative displacement (MSRD), also known as the Debye–Waller factor. Herein, the feasibility of addressing the inverse problem, i.e., determining the sample temperature from the analysis of its EXAFS spectrum using the multiple‐scattering formalism, considering contributions up to the 4th‐7th coordination shell is evaluated. The method is tested on several monatomic metals (body‐centered cubic Cr, Mo, and W; face‐centered cubic Cu and Ag), where the correlated Debye model of lattice dynamics provides a fairly accurate description of thermal disorder effects up to distant coordination shells. It is found that the accuracy of the method strongly depends on the temperature range. The method fails at low temperatures, where quantum effects dominate and MSRD values change only slightly. However, it becomes more accurate at higher temperatures, where the MSRD shows a near‐linear dependence on temperature.
Gap States in Amorphous Selenium: What Are the Atomic Structures?
Authors: Tanaka Keiji , Gotoh Tamihiro
Published: November 2024

Substantial studies have been performed on optical absorption/photo‐conducting spectra and charge‐transport properties in amorphous Se, while interpretations of the results remain elusive. This work explores, after a brief review of notable outcomes, the atomic structures of defective and trapping sites with their densities, through ab initio molecular‐orbital calculations of small clusters such as H6SeH. The analyses suggest that the Urbach edge arises from fluctuating highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels, giving rise to the top of the valence band, which is caused mainly by disorder in the dihedral angle. And, several electron traps are produced by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) states of intimate valence‐alternation‐pairs and neutral dangling bonds of Se (and impurity O atoms as well). Isolated charged defects C1−/C3+ of Se are few, which scarcely affect electrical/optical properties.
The Interaction Between Fluorinated Additives and Imidazolyl Ionic Liquid Electrolytes in Lithium Metal Batteries: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Sun Rongde , Tang Jiaxin , Zhou Nan , Li Chengren , Yang Baifeng , Chen Zhigao , Lu Xiaohan , Luo Tingyu , Chang Zhen , Peng Changjun , Liu Honglai , Zhang Shaoze
Published: November 2024

This investigation employs first‐principles calculations to explore the interaction between imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) and fluoride additives on lithium metal surface. Our focus lies in the comprehensive analysis of three distinct categories of fluorinated additives, each differing in their degree of fluorination. The computations reveal that fluorination plays a significant role in determining both the ionic conductivity and the formation of the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. Specifically, heightened fluorination enhances the oxidative stability of the system but diminishes the strength of solvent binding, resulting in the formation of larger salt/anion clusters and a decrease in ionic conductivity. Conversely, increased fluorination facilitates the interaction between fluorinated additives and the lithium metal surface, thereby aiding in the formation of a stable SEI film characterized by an abundance of inorganic LiF components. This is important as it serves to suppress dendrite growth and mitigate interface side reactions. Considering the combined influences of ionic conductivity and film formation, 1FP is suggested as the optimal candidate for pyridine‐based additive systems, with FEC preferred for cyclic ester‐based additive systems and BC for chain ester‐based additive systems. This study provides theoretical references for the design of ionic liquid‐fluorinated additive electrolyte systems that can protect the lithium metal anode.
Ternary MgAlFe‐Layered Double Hydroxide: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Photocatalytic Degradation
Authors: Cui Chenyuan , Zhang Liting , Xie Fujian , Zhu Chunmei , Yu Bo
Published: November 2024

In this study, MgAlFe‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) was prepared using the co‐precipitation method, and its performance as a photocatalyst for methylene blue (MB) degradation was evaluated. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the crystalline structure and successful incorporation of Al into the LDH layers. SEM and TEM images revealed a uniform morphology and layered structure and UV–vis DRS analysis showed that MgAlFe‐LDH has an appropriate band gap for visible light absorption. Photoluminescence studies indicated good charge separation, reducing electron‐hole recombination and enhancing photocatalytic performance. The effects of the Mg/Al/Fe molar ratio, illumination time, catalyst dosage, MB concentration, and pH on the degradation efficiency were examined. Optimized conditions of Mg/Al/Fe molar ratio 3:0.9:0.1, 180 min illumination, 10 mg L⁻¹ catalyst, 20 mg L⁻¹ MB, and pH 13 yielded a remarkable 90.4%  MB degradation efficiency. The primary active species in the photocatalytic reaction were identified as hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and holes (h⁺). The incorporation of ternary LDH enhances the photocatalytic performance due to its high stability, versatility, and ability to integrate multiple metal cations. This study broadens the application of LDH in treating organic dye wastewater and provides new insights into the photocatalytic degradation of MB.
Exploring Reduction Techniques for Graphene Oxide: A Comparative Study of Thermal and Chemical Methods
Authors: Gnanasekaran Backiyalakshmi , Snekhalatha Umapathy
Published: November 2024

Graphene oxide (GO) is a single layer of carbon atoms obtained from the oxidation of graphite by the modified Hummers' method. Sulfuric acid acts as an intercalating agent and allows potassium permanganate to enter the layers to oxidize each layer of graphite to form GO. The resultant GO is highly hydrophilic and less conductive in nature. We further reduced it using a combination of thermal and chemical methods. Thermally reduced GO has been produced by thermal treatment of GO, and chemically reduced GO was obtained by two different reducing agents, such as l‐ascorbic acid and sodium borohydride. The degree of oxidation and the purity of the RGO were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR analysis of GO revealed distinct absorption peaks of oxygen‐based functional groups that show a higher degree of oxidation of the carbon structure. Upon reduction, the FTIR spectrum exhibits a partial or total removal of the same, which signifies the loss of oxygen and the partial restoration of the graphitic structure. The results emphasize that the carbon‐to‐oxygen ratio was higher in both reduction methods, but thermal reduction yielded a greater degree of deoxygenation than the other.
Improved Hemostatic Efficacy of Graviola‐Modified PVA–HA Hydrogels for Wound Healing: In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis
Authors: Shoair Abdel Ghany F. , Sahyon Heba A. , Shishtawy Mohammed A. El , Almalki Abdulraheem S.A. , Alqarni Ali Abdullah , Althobaiti Fayez , Shanab Mai M. A. H. , Khalaf Hussein A.
Published: November 2024

The formation of a hydrogel for wound dressing can be achieved through the combination of different materials having unique properties. Graviola fruit extract (GrE) not only imparts antimicrobial properties to the hydrogel but also contributes to the potential acceleration of wound healing due to its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, the freeze–thaw method was employed to create composite hydrogels consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, hyaluronic acid, cross‐linked with glutaraldehyde, and GrE. The study evaluated various properties of the gels, including swelling, porosity, gel fraction, and morphology. The obtained results indicated that the physicochemical characteristics of the hydrogels were affected by the level of GrE. The hydrogels had a significant capacity to absorb wound exudate, and their porous structure increased with GrE addition. Our results proved that different GrE‐based hydrogels (Gr1 and Gr2) treatments exhibited excellent hemolysis, hemostasis, antibacterial activity, and wound healing promotion. They also inhibited proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and TNF‐α) and exhibited higher wound repair capacity. CD‐31 and collagen I increased significantly in wound tissues treated with Gr1 and Gr2 hydrogels. So, Gr1 and Gr2 hydrogels have demonstrated their potential as valuable local treatment and management for full‐thickness wounds.
Interfacial [S─Cu─C] Bonds Induced π‐d Electron Coupling Toward Modulating Charge Transfer for Efficient Solar Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Cheng , Wang Kunpeng , Sun Shengdong , Wang Yuqiao , Wang Yongxiang , Li Shikuo
Published: November 2024

Regulating the interfacial electric field to achieve rapid charge transfer is crucial for superior photoelectrochemical water splitting. Herein, the ultra‐thin hydrogen‐substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) is precisely assembled on the surface of CdS nanorod array (Cu‐CdS‐HsGDY) by an in situ polymerization strategy. The strong π‐d electron coupling is aroused by the delocalized π electrons of HsGDY and the delocalized d electrons of CdS through the interfacial [S─Cu─C] bonds. The strong interfacial electric field can effectively promote the charge localization distribution and reduce the charge transfer resistance. The optimized Cu‐CdS‐HsGDY photoanode obtain a photocurrent density as high as 4.83 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in neutral electrolyte solution under AM 1.5G illumination, which is 6.8 times that of the pristine CdS. Moreover, the photoanode maintains an initial photocurrent density of 84% within 4 h without any assistance of sacrificial agents, which is a rather competitive performance of similar sulfide photoanodes. The mechanism of strong π‐d electron coupling on interfacial charge transfer and surface reaction kinetics is investigated by transient spectroscopy measurements, density functional theory calculation, and finite element simulation analysis. This work provides new insights into designing a reasonable interface structure to regulate charge transfer for achieve efficient PEC water splitting.
Modeling the Impact of Varying Levels of Inclusion Adhesion on Deposition in a Pilot‐Scale Nozzle
Authors: Mohamed Shibly Kaamil Ur Rahman , Tullis Stephen , Phillion André B.
Published: November 2024

The deposition and accumulation of inclusions is the dominant mechanism in nozzle clogging of the submerged entry nozzle. Previous modeling attempts of inclusion deposition have assumed that any contact between the inclusion and nozzle wall results in adhesion. Herein, an Eulerian–Lagrangian simulation with a stochastic adhesion model is used to study the effects of different inclusion‐wall sticking probability (Swall) on inclusion deposition. The results indicate that inclusion deposition is affected by both melt height and Swall. Lower melt heights result in increased deposition deeper into the nozzle and greater maximum particle area number density. The effect of Swall on the global deposition ratio can be divided into two regimes. When Swall increases from 0–0.05, there is a rapid rise in the global deposition ratio. When Swall > 0.05, the global deposition ratio increases only modestly with Swall. Changes to Swall also affect the location of deposition. When Swall decreases, the high and mid cases show greater relative deposition in the cone and taper sections of the nozzle, while the low melt height case shows greater relative deposition in the straight section of the nozzle.
Regression Analysis of the Generalized Accelerated Hazards Models With Interval‐Censored Data Under Case‐Cohort Studies
Authors: Niu Haiyu , Sun Weipeng , Zhang Ximeng , Sun Jianguo
Published: November 2024

Case‐cohort studies are typically undertaken in scenarios where disease incidence is low, or data collection on certain variables is costly. Case‐cohort researches with interval‐censored data often rely on survival models like the proportional hazards models, proportional odds models, accelerated failure time models and so on. However, these standard assumptions might not always be suitable for survival outcomes modelling in practical scenarios. To address this limitation, we provide a more adaptable class of generalized accelerated hazards models for analysing interval‐censored failure times in case‐cohort studies, for which there appears to be no well‐established approach in the literature. We develop a sieve maximum likelihood estimation method where the unknown cumulative baseline hazard function is integrated with regression parameters. The proposed estimators are proven to be consistent and normally distributed. A simulation study is carried out to assess the empirical performance of the proposed methods and suggest their practical effectiveness. Finally, we illustrate the approach using a dataset from a study on Alzheimer's disease.
The influence of ‘biotics’ on the gut microbiome of dogs and cats
Authors: Wilson Sofia M , Swanson Kelly S
Published: November 2024

A global rise in pet ownership and an increasing tendency towards the humanisation of pets have resulted in a greater focus on improving animal health and longevity. These developments coincide with the increased recognition of the role of the gut microbiome in animal health. The gut microbiome has been shown to play a prominent role in gastrointestinal health, and it is becoming increasingly clear that these health benefits extend beyond the gut and into different physiological systems, such as the immune system. Dietary supplementation with products known as ‘biotics’, which include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics, is a strategy used to modify the gut microbiome and promote host health. Although biotics have been successfully used in companion animals, questions remain regarding appropriate biotic selection, mechanisms of action, optimum inclusion levels and safety. This review aims to summarise the effects of biotics on the gut microbiome of dogs and cats and assess their potential role in supporting gastrointestinal health.
Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging for lymph node detection and long‐term clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guo Hong , Luo Yun , Fu Zhaojun , Wang Dengchao
Published: November 2024

Background

The indocyanine green fluorescence imaging (ICG‐FI) technique is increasingly being used in laparoscopic colorectal surgery for lymph node mapping. However, there is no definitive standard regarding whether the application of this technique can significantly increase the detection rate of metastatic lymph nodes and improve long‐term prognosis.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to include studies including ICG‐FI in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Data on the detection rate of lymph nodes, metastatic rate of ICG‐positive nodes, and long‐term clinical outcomes were extracted following inclusion criteria.

Results

Eighteen studies with a total of 1552 patients 922 with ICG‐guided laparoscopic and 630 without ICG technique were finally included. Clinical stage II/III colorectal tumors were the most commonly studies types. The patients using the ICG‐FI technique had more harvested lymph nodes (weighted mean: 23.5 vs. 18.9; WMD = 4.6; p < 0.00001) during dissection but a lower metastasis rate of ICG‐positive nodes (61/218 [28%] vs. 96/333 [28.9%]; OR = 1.45; p = 0.08). Compared with conventional laparoscopic colorectal surgery, additional ICG‐FI technique did not improve the 3 year overall survival rate (272/289 [94.1%] vs. 269/289 [93.1%]; OR = 1.19; p = 0.61), relapse‐free survival (246/289 [85.1%] vs. 249/289 [86.2%]; OR = 0.92; p = 0.72), and local recurrence rate (22/289 [7.6%] vs. 28/289 [9.7%]; OR = 0.77; p = 0.38). The overall detection rate of sentinel lymph nodes, lymph flow, and metastatic rate of ICG‐positive nodes with the help of ICG‐FI were 86.8%, 89.9%, and 22.8%, respectively. No patients experienced major adverse events during ICG injection preoperatively or postoperatively.

Conclusions

Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging‐guided procedure, compared to conventional laparoscopic dissection, can assist in obtaining a greater number of harvested lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes, however, it did not significantly improve the long‐term clinical outcomes.

Level of evidence

Level III systematic review of randomized control and nonrandomized studies.
Introduction: Education as Cultural and Ecological Revitalization Among Amazonian Nationalities
Authors: Minoia Paola , Arias-Gutiérrez Ruth
Published: November 2024

The chapter introduces the main themes of the book and the theoretical framework, influenced by a decolonial orientation that seeks to support arguments in favour of the recovery of indigenous languages and knowledge, which centuries of white and Eurocentric political and cultural hegemony have led to erasure. If Ecuador is a country where a plurality of populations coexists, these must have equal citizenship, which is also achieved through policies of epistemic justice, starting with the recognition of their cultures and knowledge. The cultural aspect of political rights is normatively recognized by the Constitution and by reforms in public education; to this end, Ecuador, like other countries, has implemented an intercultural education policy. However, this term is widely used with various interpretations, from mere functionalist to radical ones. Therefore, the chapter analyses the relationship between different types of interculturality and the epistemic and political rights of the Indigenous populations and nationalities recognized by the state.
From Discourse to Structure: Interculturality in Amazonian Universities
Authors: Arias-Gutiérrez Ruth , Pérez-Quintana Manuel , Pozo Paola
Published: November 2024

The chapter addresses institutional perspectives on intercultural education within public universities operating in Indigenous territories in the Amazon region. It briefly mentions the Ikiam Regional Amazon University, the revived Intercultural University Amawtay Wasi for Peoples and Indigenous Nations, and focuses on the experience of the Universidad Estatal Amazónica (UEA). The analysis is based on the regional enrollment data, especially those provided by the reports from UEA academic information systems and Senescyt-Unesco on mainstreaming equality. The chapter explores perspectives on access and the importance of higher public education for students in the region, with a focus on interculturality.
Participatory Design Interventions: Supporting University Student Care Networks During Covid
Authors: Pinto Nathaly , Barriga-Abril Xavier , Machoa Katy , Minoia Paola
Published: November 2024

The chapter presents research on a participatory project aimed at supporting and expanding student care networks during the Coronavirus pandemic. It features the process and products of transdisciplinary, intercultural collaboration involving tourism, biology, and environment students from the Universidad Estatal Amazónica and design students from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. The pandemic deepened the existing adverse socioeconomic conditions of Amazonian students, significantly affecting their well-being and access to higher education. Employing a situated, participatory design approach rooted in the Global South and an participatory action research framework, students developed together interactive activities fostering further connection, support, and care for one another amid the emergency. We reflect on the design intervention process and its outcomes, offering insights for organizing and adapting university responses to crises focused on student well-being. This project’s critical analysis could help shape future efforts to broaden the impact of participatory design and decolonial processes in education and intercultural spaces of resilience.
Age Simulation Suits—The First Step in Creating Empathy und Understanding for the Elderly
Authors: Lauenroth Andreas , Schulze Stephan , Teichmann Birgit , Laudner Kevin , Delank Karl-Stefan , Schwesig René
Published: November 2024

Changes in medicine, education, and technology have led to a marked increase in life expectancy. Most people now live longer, which, in addition to dropping birth rates, leads to ageing societies with higher proportions of active years. This trend applies to many Western countries, in which there have been an observed increase in age-related physical limitations, such as visual and/or other sensory impairments, and a decrease in physical strength in older adults. These limitations mean that various daily activities and environmental conditions are becoming increasingly complex and difficult for older adults. The physical ageing process and its effects are therefore particularly important from medical, economic, and social perspectives. Although an ageing population can pose numerous challenges to society, it also offers significant opportunities to re-engineer the environment and education to accommodate shifting demographics. The need for insights into older adults’ experiences is urgent. Use of an age simulation suit allows users to experience the physical limitations experienced by older adults. This simulation aid can positively influence one’s perspective of the behaviour and needs of older adults. These results may also broaden the perspectives of those who have a direct or indirect relationship with older adults through increased empathy.
Project Case: Promotion of Dual Vocational Education in Panjin—Geriatric Nursing at Panjin’s Vocational and Technical College
Authors: Lin Li , Fründt Annika
Published: November 2024

The availability of highly qualified specialists, with technical as well as practical skills, is crucial for the long-term economic success of the north-eastern Chinese city of Panjin, as ranked both nationally and internationally.
Research on Key Technology for Construction Standards for Retirement Villages—Experiences of Elderly Care Tourism in Developed Countries and China’s Ageing Population
Authors: Lou Nailin , Zhao Youyang
Published: November 2024

China’s elderly population is currently facing a period of fast growth. The changes in the proportion of the elderly population are large scale, rapid, high peaking, geographically uneven and far reaching. In such a rapidly changing environment, elderly Chinese face a multitude of challenges in their lives. This article explores the construction of environmentally friendly retirement villages for migration care in China, and draws on elderly care tourism experiences from developed countries that faced an ageing population earlier.
Statistical Indicators for the Development of China's Elderly Care Facilities
Authors: Zhao Youyang
Published: November 2024

China’s elderly population is currently facing a period of fast growth, bringing enormous challenges relating to all aspects of elderly people's daily lives. The key issue facing society today is how to make elderly care facilities that meet the demands of the growing ageing population. Applying reasonable statistical methods to define the indicating factors for urban elderly care facilities, helps to understand the existing circumstances of China's elderly care facilities, dissect future development trends and provide a basis on which to build an elderly care statistical database; thus, guiding the rational development of China's urban elderly care facilities through intuitive, universal and firm indicators that reflect the current situation.
Active Ageing—Research on Creating a “Barrier-Free” Outdoor Living Environment for Home-Based Residential Care
Authors: Zhang Ping , Wang Chengfang , Yin Siqi , Yang Shenmao
Published: November 2024

This paper analyses the physical and psychological needs of the elderly, in combination with a study into the current state of residential areas. Focussing on “health”, “security” and “participation”, and fulfilling “five principles” for the elderly, this paper proposes an ideal lifestyle model for active elderly care, which satisfies the daily needs of the elderly in terms of recreation, social interaction, life care, medical care and travel convenience to truly give them a sense of participation, entertainment, support, care and learning (the “five principles”).
Layout Designs of Institutional Care Facilities in the US, Germany and Japan—The Potential Impact on the Evolution of China’s Elderly Care Facilities
Authors: He Sha , Bu Deqing , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2024

The development of institutional elderly care facilities started relatively late in China, and due, in part, to uneven economic development, the level of care facilities is patchy, and layout designs require improvement and further optimisation. This paper looks at layout design models for institutional care facilities in the US, Germany and Japan, and analyses their evolution and corresponding spatial patterns. Through comparative analyses of these three countries, one can observe the similarities and differences in their development. Using environmental behaviour psychology, this paper examines the reasons for certain layout designs in institutional care facilities in these countries, analysing from a human-centered perspective how to balance the needs of daily life and mental health of the elderly within the architectural design of such care facilities, as well as the impact it has on the architectural layout. Finally, based on the above analysis, this paper introduces a layout model for institutional elderly care facilities across China suitable for different regions with different levels of economic development.
Project Case: Integrated Elderly Care Project in Yichang City
Authors: Yiyang Chenzi
Published: November 2024

The city of Yichang has a strong need for Elderly Care (EC) support, yet its infrastructure and services could not meet this demand. In 2015, the elderly ratio of Yichang was 13.7%, which was above the national average. In Yichang’s urban centre, this ratio was projected to rise to 26% by 2030. More than half of the elderly lived alone or with a spouse and were subject to insufficient care for daily living requirements. This means they lacked assistance with practical activities such as carrying out household chores and making hospital visits, but they were also short of emotional support. Due to the insufficient public EC service and the high-cost private EC service in Yichang, there was a heavy demand to establish an affordable EC services system that could cover home-based, community-based and institutional care which also avoids an over-emphasis on expensive institutional care.
Conclusion: Lessons Learnt and Future Paths for International Cooperation
Authors: Peters Marie , Porsche Sabine
Published: November 2024

Germany and China face similar demographic challenges in similar intensities; both countries have some of the lowest fertility rates worldwide. These demographic challenges affect all realms of life, challenges that have been addressed by the governments of both countries for many years, or even decades, using different approaches. During the COVID-19 pandemic, however, it became even more obvious that international efforts undertaken in recent decades to address the ageing challenge do not suffice. The present book uses the momentum generated by the pandemic to reinforce discussion and foster collaboration in the field of sustainable ageing. It aims to provide a knowledge source for practitioners and policy makers, as well as academic communities. Further, it demonstrates that international exchange on policies, good practice and solutions is an essential and valuable undertaking, and one worth striving for as we prepare societies for the future.