bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF QUALITY PROPERTIES OF WINTER RAPESEED DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF FERTILIZERS AND SOWING DATE
Authors: Matsera Olha
Published: September 2020

It is made the comparison estimation of winter rapeseed quality properties depending on the fertilization level and sowing date in this article. The literature on the research problem is elaborated; there are presented the study importance and relevance of growing technology elements influence on the quality properties of winter rapeseed seeds. It is analyzed the results of sowing periods and different rates of mineral fertilizers influence on the quality indicators of winter rapeseed seeds under the conditions of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe in Ukraine. Significant influence of the studied elements of technology on the main indicators of seed quality was noted; it was found that the change in the yield level obtained by the hybrids led to a change in the oil quality indices.
Four the most important oil quality indicators were analyzed in this article. They are: acid value, glucosinolates amount, oil and protein contents. They were affected by different fertilizer rates and sowing dates, which were the experiment conditions. So, the lowest acid value – 1.08 provided hybrid Excel, when fertilizer rate was N240P120K24; when sowing dates were analyzed, the lowest indicator – 1.24 was obtained by Exagon hybrid in the first sowing date – 10th of Aug. the correlation between acid value and rapeseed yield was negative and oscillated from r = - 0.9327 to r = - 0.9843; the magnitude of the approximation reliability oscillated in the range of R2 = 0.87 – 0.97, which evidence the strong dependence between indicators. The lowest content of glucosinolates – 12.51 μmol / g had Excel hybrid under the conditions without fertilizers; when sowing dates were analyzed, the lowest indicator 15.06 μmol / g was obtained by Exagon hybrid in the first sowing date – 10th of Aug. The highest oil content had Excel hybrid – 46.27%, it was obtained in variant of N240P120K240. The protein content of each hybrid was increasing with fertilizer rates expansion. So, the highest indicator of it was obtained in the variant where N240P120K240 was used and it was Exagon – 22.10%. The highest protein content – 21.13% was obtained by Excel hybrid in the second sowing date – the 21st of Aug. when sowing dates were analyzed, and the highest oil content – 46.75% were obtained by Excel hybrid in the third sowing date – 5th of Sept.
Key words: winter rapeseed, sowing dates, fertilizers, acid value, glucosinolates amount, oil and protein contents.
PERSPEKTIF KOMUNIKASI DALAM ISLAM
Authors: R. Sri Widaningsih, S.Pd.I, M.Pd.
Published: September 2020

Komunikasi dilakukan di hampir setiap kegiatan manusia, sejak bangun dari tidur manusia berada dalam kegiatan komunikasi, perkembangan dewasa ini komunikasi mulai menjadi suatu disiplin ilmu yang pelajari secara spesifik. Proses interaksi antar sesama manusia tidak akan terlepas dari proses komunikasi. Dalam perspektif Islam komunikasi merupakan aktivitas da’wah dalam menyampaikan sebuah kebenaran walaupun satu ayat. Bahkan komunikasi merupakan suatu aktivitas yang mendapat banyak  penjelasan dan mendapat perhatian khusus  sebab Allah SWT telah berfirman yang artinya “Dan berkatalah kamu kepada semua manusia dengan cara yang baik”, selain itu juga selamat atau celakanya manusia tergantung dari lisannya, atau mulutnya (cara berkomunikasinya).
Figurines de terre cuite en Méditerranée grecque et romaine, 2. Iconographie et contextes
Authors: Albertocchi Marina
Published: September 2020

Marina Albertocchi recensisce il libro Figurines de terre cuite en Méditerranée grecque et romaine, 2. Iconographie et contextes. Edited by A. Muller and E. Lafli. Pp. 700, Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, Villeneuve d’Ascq 2015. ISBN 978-2-7574-1133-9.
Un enjeu de l’histoire des sciences dans l’enseignement : l’image de la nature des sciences et de l’activité scientifique
Authors: Maurines Laurence , Beaufils Daniel
Published: September 2020

Les textes introductifs des programmes de physique et chimie de l’enseignement secondaire français recommandent l’introduction d’éléments d’histoire des sciences et d’activités d’investigation. Un examen des programmes montre que cette introduction est sous-tendue par un enjeu d’enseignement relatif à l’image de la nature des sciences mais qu’il n’est pas concrétisé dans les parties thématiques des programmes en termes d’objectifs et de contenus précis d’apprentissage, ni d’activités pour les élèves. Par ailleurs, la place donnée à l’histoire des sciences dans la pratique est minime et les éléments historiques introduits (notamment dans les ouvrages scolaires) renvoient une image très réductrice des sciences. Enfin, une enquête exploratoire menée auprès d’enseignants de sciences physiques du secondaire montre l’attente de supports pédagogiques historiques. Le travail de conception de ressources pédagogiques permettant une introduction de l’histoire des sciences en réponse à l’objectif général des programmes relatif à la nature des sciences, repose sur une approche didactique à orientation curriculaire, nécessitant la prise en compte de plusieurs composantes. C’est cette démarche didactique que nous présentons dans cet article et, comme résultat, le type de ressources élaborées (document professeur, documents élèves, type d’activités). Nous conclurons par les premiers retours d’enseignants (examens de dossiers, début d’expérimentation, réactions en situation de formation) qui permettent d’une part, de mesurer l’écart entre leurs motivations et leurs pratiques, et d’autre part, d’avoir un retour critique sur les programmes d’enseignement eux-mêmes.
Wenjing Guo, Internet à Canton (Chine) – Dynamiques sociales et politiques
Authors: Guo Wenjing
Published: September 2020

L’accès à Internet et sa diffusion en Chine ont transformé profondément le mode de communication, d’expression et de mobilisation de la population chinoise. Internet et d’autres nouvelles technologies sont rapidement saisis tant par les internautes chinois que par le gouvernement. Les premiers cherchent plus de liberté dans un régime autoritaire tandis que ce dernier s’efforce d’encadrer ces nouvelles dynamiques à la fois en ligne et hors ligne afin d’éviter les débordements politiques et ainsi de garder le pouvoir. Cette recherche anthropologique porte sur cet affrontement permanent à partir du processus de formation et d’évolution des micro-groupes sociaux actifs sur Internet, grâce à Internet et à cause d’Internet. Les enquêtes de terrain ont porté sur trois groupes réunis autour de thèmes spécifiques (homosexualité, protection de l’environnement, défense du patrimoine culturel) dans la ville de Canton. Ils sont analysés dans le contexte du nouveau paradigme de la gouvernance de l’État chinois, qui tente de maîtriser ces dynamiques à travers une participation programmée à la gestion des problèmes sociaux aux côtés du gouvernement. Entre ouverture économique et clôture politique, la mise en réseaux des acteurs malgré tous les contrôles institués laisse aux initiatives une place comprimée mais réelle et une autonomie relative de proposition.
Bioplastics: requirement for sustainability
Authors: Srivastava Richa , Singh Ram
Published: September 2020

The petrochemical-based plastics are causing a strong challenge for the natural ecosystem leading to global environmental pollution due to their non-biodegradable nature. Hence, the requirement of alternative materials possessing environmental advantages received attention and leads to the development of bioplastics. Definition of bioplastics is not universal but broadly it can be defined as biodegradable plastic derived from biodegradable substances. Although, all types of bioplastics are not biodegradable, still their many advantages towards the environment cannot be ruled out and hence, their applications in varied areas have increased many-folds world-wide. Bioplastics are being used in rigid and flexible packaging materials, food and drinks containers, dining utensils, electronic devices, automotive and airplane parts, cable sheaths and casings, noise and thermal insulation panels and many more. The list is growing up. Bioplastics have shown their potential for a sustainable society and presents some advantages such as lower carbon footprint, energy efficiency, and eco-safety. This article discusses the basic information, sources, biodegradability, and applications of bioplastics.
Long‐read whole‐genome sequencing for the genetic diagnosis of dystrophinopathies
Authors: Xie Zhiying , Sun Chengyue , Zhang Siwen , Liu Yilin , Yu Meng , Zheng Yiming , Meng Lingchao , Acharya Anushree , Cornejo‐Sanchez Diana M , Wang Gao , Zhang Wei , Schrauwen Isabelle , Leal Suzanne M. , Wang Zhaoxia , Yuan Yun
Published: September 2020

The precise genetic diagnosis of dystrophinopathies can be challenging, largely due to rare deep intronic variants and more complex structural variants (SVs). We report on the genetic characterization of a dystrophinopathy patient. He remained without a genetic diagnosis after routine genetic testing, dystrophin protein and mRNA analysis, and short‐ and long‐read whole DMD gene sequencing. We finally identified a novel complex SV in DMD via long‐read whole‐genome sequencing. The variant consists of a large‐scale (~1Mb) inversion/deletion‐insertion rearrangement mediated by LINE‐1s. Our study shows that long‐read whole‐genome sequencing can serve as a clinical diagnostic tool for genetically unsolved dystrophinopathies.
Absence of Neuronal Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Varley James A. , Andersson Magnus , Grant Eleanor , Berretta Antonio , Zandi Michael S. , Bondet Vincent , Duffy Darragh , Hunt David , Piehl Fredrik , Waters Patrick , Irani Sarosh R.
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to characterise both neuronal autoantibodies and levels of interferon α, two proposed causative agents in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from 35 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; 15 with NPSLE) showed no antibodies against natively expressed N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs), or the surface of live hippocampal neurons. By comparison to controls (n = 104), patients with SLE had antibodies that bound to a peptide representing the extracellular domain of NMDARs (p < 0.0001), however, binding was retained against both rearranged peptides and no peptide (r = 0.85 and r = 0.79, respectively, p < 0.0001). In summary, neuronal‐surface reactive antibodies were not detected in NPSLE. Further, while interferon α levels were higher in SLE (p < 0.0001), they lacked specificity for NPSLE. Our findings mandate a search for novel biomarkers in this condition. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1244–1250
Temporal Arteritis Revealing Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitides: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Delaval Laure , Samson Maxime , Schein Flora , Agard Christian , Tréfond Ludovic , Deroux Alban , Dupuy Henry , Garrouste Cyril , Godmer Pascal , Landron Cédric , Maurier François , le Guenno Guillaume , Rieu Virginie , Desblache Julien , Durel Cécile‐Audrey , Jousselin‐Mahr Laurence , Kassem Hassan , Pugnet Grégory , Queyrel Vivane , Swiader Laure , Blockmans Daniel , Sacré Karim , Lazaro Estibaliz , Mouthon Luc , Aumaître Olivier , Cathébras Pascal , Guillevin Loic , Terrier Benjamin ,   the French Vasculitis Study Group and French Study Group for Giant Cell Arteritis
Published: September 2020

Objective

Temporal arteritis (TA) is a typical manifestation of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitides (AAVs) are rarely revealed by TA manifestations, leading to a risk of misdiagnosis of GCA and inappropriate treatments. This study was undertaken to describe the clinical, biologic, and histologic presentations and outcomes in cases of TA revealing AAV (TA‐AAV) compared to controls with classic GCA.

Methods

In this retrospective case–control study, the characteristics of patients with TA‐AAV were compared to those of control subjects with classic GCA. Log‐rank test, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), was used to assess the risk of treatment failure.

Results

Fifty patients with TA‐AAV (median age 70 years) were included. Thirty‐three patients (66%) presented with atypical symptoms of GCA (ear, nose, and throat involvement in 32% of patients, and renal, pulmonary, and neurologic involvement in 26%, 20%, and 16% of patients, respectively). Blood samples were screened for ANCAs at the time of disease onset in 33 patients, and results were positive in 88%, leading to a diagnosis of early TA‐AAV in 20 patients. The diagnosis of AAV was delayed a median interval of 15 months in 30 patients. Compared to controls with GCA, patients with TA‐AAV were younger (median age 70 years versus 74 years), were more frequently men (48% versus 30%), and had high frequencies of atypical manifestations and higher C‐reactive protein levels (median 10.8 mg/dl versus 7.0 mg/dl). In patients with TA‐AAV, temporal artery biopsy (TAB) showed fibrinoid necrosis and small branch vasculitis in 23% of patients each, whereas neither of these characteristics was evident in controls with GCA. Treatment failure–free survival was comparable between early TA‐AAV cases and GCA controls, whereas those with delayed TA‐AAV had a significantly higher risk of treatment failure compared to controls (HR 3.85, 95% CI 1.97–7.51; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

TA‐AAV should be considered diagnostically in cases of atypical manifestations of GCA, refractoriness to glucocorticoid treatment, or early relapse. Analysis of TAB specimens for the detection of small branch vasculitis and/or fibrinoid necrosis could be useful. Detection of ANCAs should be performed in cases of suspected GCA with atypical clinical features and/or evidence of temporal artery abnormalities on TAB.
Efficacy and Safety of Tocilizumab for Polyarticular‐Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in the Open‐Label Two‐Year Extension of a Phase III Trial
Authors: Brunner Hermine I. , Ruperto Nicolino , Zuber Zbigniew , Cuttica Rubén , Keltsev Vladimir , Xavier Ricardo M. , Burgos‐Vargas Ruben , Penades Inmaculada Calvo , Silverman Earl D. , Espada Graciela , Zavaler Manuel Ferrandiz , Kimura Yukiko , Duarte Carolina , Job‐Deslandre Chantal , Joos Rik , Douglass Wendy , Wimalasundera Sunethra , Bharucha Kamal N. , Wells Chris , Lovell Daniel J. , Martini Alberto , de Benedetti Fabrizio ,   for the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO) and the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group (PRCSG)
Published: September 2020

Objective

To report the 2‐year efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with polyarticular‐course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

Patients ages 2–17 years with active polyarticular‐course JIA, in whom treatment with methotrexate was unsuccessful, received 16 weeks of open‐label intravenous TCZ in part 1 (once every 4 weeks: 8 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg for body weight [BW] <30 kg; 8 mg/kg for BW ≥30 kg). Assessments were based on the JIA–American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response (defined as percentage of improvement in ≥3 of the 6 JIA core response variables [CRVs]). Patients with at least a JIA‐ACR30 response (defined as ≥30% improvement in ≥3 of the 6 JIA CRVs without worsening in >1 of the remaining JIA CRVs by >30%) at week 16 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive TCZ or placebo in part 2. Patients remained in part 2 until either week 40 or the occurrence of JIA flare. Upon starting part 3, all patients received open‐label TCZ. At week 104 of the study, efficacy was assessed using JIA‐ACR50/70/90 response rates (defined as 50%, 70%, or 90% improvement, respectively), achievement of inactive disease, and the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score in 71 joints (JADAS‐71). Safety was assessed in the all‐exposure population per 100 patient‐years of exposure.

Results

Overall, 188 patients entered part 1, 166 patients entered part 2, and 160 patients entered part 3. By week 104, among the 188 patients in the modified intent‐to‐treat group who received TCZ, JIA‐ACR50/70/90 response rates were 80.3%/77.1%/59.6%, respectively, the median JADAS‐71 score decreased from 3.6 at week 40 to 0.7 at week 104, 51.1% of patients had achieved inactive disease, and 31 of 66 patients who had been receiving glucocorticoids discontinued them. Adverse event (AE) and serious AE rates were 406.5 per 100 patient‐years and 11.1 per 100 patient‐years, respectively. The infection rate was 151.4 per 100 patient‐years, and the serious infection rate was 5.2 per 100 patient‐years.

Conclusion

Patients treated with TCZ for polyarticular‐course JIA showed high‐level disease control for up to 2 years. The TCZ safety profile was consistent with that previously reported.
Asymptotic Expansions of Solutions of the Yamabe Equation and the σk‐Yamabe Equation near Isolated Singular Points
Authors: Han Qing , Li Xiaoxiao , Li Yichao
Published: September 2020

We study asymptotic behaviors of positive solutions to the Yamabe equation and the σk‐Yamabe equation near isolated singular points and establish expansions up to arbitrary orders. Such results generalize an earlier pioneering work by Caffarelli, Gidas, and Spruck and a work by Korevaar, Mazzeo, Pacard, and Schoen on the Yamabe equation and a work by Han, Li, and Teixeira on the σk‐Yamabe equation. The study is based on a combination of classification of global singular solutions and an analysis of linearized operators at these global singular solutions. Such linearized equations are uniformly elliptic near singular points for 1 ≤ k ≤ n/2 and become degenerate for n/2 < k ≤ n. In a significant portion of the paper, we establish a degree 1 expansion for the σk‐Yamabe equation for n/2 < k < n, generalizing a similar result for k = 1 by Korevaar, Mazzeo, Pacard, and Schoen and for 2 ≤ k ≤ n/2 by Han, Li, and Teixeira. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Informed, involved, or empowered? Three ideal types of autism policy design in Western Europe
Authors: Precious Kate
Published: September 2020

Governments which design policies to empower marginalized groups contribute to reducing the democratic deficit in public policy and improve their efficacy, efficiency, and democratic credentials. This article uses fuzzy set ideal type analysis to propose three ideal types of policy design for political empowerment, according to whether the government views the target group as capable only of being Informed by experts, or of being Involved in policy, or even Empowered to co‐govern. An analysis of Western European autism policy illustrates and confirms the usefulness of the ideal types. England, Wales, and Denmark emerge as countries where governments have the highest expectations for political empowerment. Surprisingly, traditional disability policy groupings seem not to apply, with the UK split across Empowered and Involved, while Spain leaves its Informed Southern European counterparts to join the Involved cohort. This paper is a timely reminder of the importance of lived experience as a policy resource lived experience as a policy resource.
Naming matters: Inheritance, land, and reproductive labor in rural Tanzania
Authors: Fredlund Jessie
Published: September 2020

This article examines changes in two types of inheritance in Mkuyuni, a farming community in east central Tanzania. The first is the inheritance of farmland, which has undergone a shift from matrilineal to patrilineal patterns. The second is the inheritance of ancestral names, which are increasingly being refused by male heirs. Viewing inheritance as a site of struggle over questions of social reproduction, this article argues that Tanzanian socialism, despite an avowed commitment to gender equality, failed to account for the complexity of social reproduction in its land policies. The article suggests that socialist and collectivist projects must directly grapple with questions of social reproduction and reproductive labor. It also argues for a more robust and broad definition of reproductive labor and for a deeper exploration of the role of ritual and religion in processes of social reproduction.
A high‐order accurate explicit time integration method based on cubic b‐spline interpolation and weighted residual technique for structural dynamics
Authors: Wen Weibin , Deng Shanyao , Duan Shengyu , Fang Daining
Published: September 2020

A novel explicit time integration method is proposed on the basis of cubic b‐spline interpolation and weighted residual method. Its calculation formulation and procedure are presented. Accuracy, algorithmic damping, and period elongation are theoretically and numerically solved. The influence of two algorithmic parameters on basic properties of the proposed method is studied to obtain optimal parameters values for dynamic problems. Various linear and nonlinear dynamic problems are tested to demonstrate high efficiency of the proposed method.
The effect of prostaglandin and gonadotrophins (GnRH and hCG) injection combined with the ram effect on progesterone concentrations and reproductive performance of Karakul ewes during the non‐breeding season
Authors: Ayaseh Mohammad , Mirzaei Abdolah , Boostani Alidad , Mehrvarz Mansur
Published: September 2020

The effect of prostaglandin and gonadotrophins (GnRH and hCG) combined with the ram effect on the progesterone (P4) concentrations and reproductive performance of Karakul ewes was investigated during non‐breeding season. Ewes (n = 93) received a male effect and were divided into two treatment groups including GnRH ‐ hCG (hCG, n = 32), GnRH ‐ GnRH (GnRH, n = 30) and a control (n = 31) group. This study was carried out from April (hormonal injection) to October (lambing). The first doses of GnRH (4.2 μg, Buserelin) were injected at the beginning of the study in treatment groups. These ewes were treated with hCG (250 IU) or the second GnRH dose five days later. All animals received two injections (ten days apart) of 150 μg PGF2α five days after the hCG or the second GnRH injection. Mating was initiated two days after the second prostaglandin injection and lasted for 34 days. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture on days −10, −5, 0 (first PGF2α injection), 17 and 30 during the study. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed through transabdominal ultrasonography on day 40 after the removing of ram. Conception rate was 93.8, 90 and 87.1% in the hCG, GnRH and control groups, respectively. Lambing rate tended to increase in the hCG group compared with the control group (87.1 versus 58.1%; p < .1). There was no significant difference in P4 concentrations among studied groups in identical sampling times (p > .05). In conclusion, the administration of prostaglandin and hCG in combination with the ram effect tended to decrease lambing period. In other words this protocol tended to increase lambing rate at the first cycle. Treatment with hCG or GnRH did not increase serum P4 concentrations of treated Karakul ewes during the non‐breeding season.
Steiner Loops of Affine Type
Authors: Falcone Giovanni , Figula Ágota , Hannusch Carolin
Published: September 2020

Steiner loops of affine type are associated to arbitrary Steiner triple systems. They behave to elementary abelian 3-groups as arbitrary Steiner Triple Systems behave to affine geometries over $${\mathrm {GF}}(3)$$

GF
(
3
)

. We investigate algebraic and geometric properties of these loops often in connection to configurations. Steiner loops of affine type, as extensions of normal subloops by factor loops, are studied. We prove that the multiplication group of every Steiner loop of affine type with n elements is contained in the alternating group $$A_n$$

A
n

and we give conditions for those loops having $$A_n$$

A
n

as their multiplication groups (and hence for the loops being simple).
Two isothermal challenges yield comparable physiological and subjective responses
Authors: Klous L. , Psikuta A. , Gijsbertse K. , Mol D. , van Schaik M. , Daanen H. A. M. , Kingma B. R. M.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Ventilated vests are developed to reduce thermal stress by enhancing convective and evaporative cooling from skin tissue underneath the vest. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether thermal stress is equal when a ventilated vest is worn compared to a no-vest situation with similar dry thermal resistance.

Methods

Nine healthy males walked on a treadmill (7 km h−1) for 45 min in a desert climate (34 °C, 20% relative humidity) with and without ventilated vest. Gastrointestinal temperature (Tgi), heart rate (HR), and skin temperature (Tsk) were continuously monitored. Local sweat rate (LSR) was assessed two times on six skin locations. Subjective ratings were assessed every 10 min.

Results

FinalTgi(37.6 ± 0.1 °C for vest and 37.6 ± 0.1 °C for no-vest), HR (133 ± 7 bpm and 133 ± 9 bpm) and mean Tsk(34.8 ± 0.7 °C and 34.9 ± 0.6 °C) were not different between conditions (p ≥ 0.163). Scapula skin temperature (Tscapula) under the vest tended to be lower (baseline to final: ΔTscapula = 0.35 ± 0.37 °C) than without vest (ΔTscapula = 0.74 ± 0.62 °C,p = 0.096). LSR at locations outside the vest did not differ with and without vest (p ≥ 0.271). Likewise, subjective responses did not differ between conditions (χ2 ≥ 0.143).

Conclusions

We conclude that two systems with similar dry thermal resistance and, therefore, similar required evaporation, resulted in similar thermal stress during paced walking in a hot-dry environment. Local ventilation did not alter the sweating response on locations outside the vest.
The impact of 3D-printed LAY-FOMM 40 and LAY-FOMM 60 on L929 cells and human oral fibroblasts
Authors: Oberoi Gunpreet , Nitsch Sophie , Janjić Klara , Shokoohi-Tabrizi Hassan , Moritz Andreas , Moscato Francesco , Unger Ewald , Agis Hermann
Published: September 2020

Objectives

LAY-FOMM is a promising material for FDA-approved Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) applications in drug delivery. Here we investigated the impact on oral cells.

Materials and methods

We evaluated the impact of 3D-printed LAY-FOMM 40, LAY-FOMM 60, and biocompatible polylactic acid (PLA) on the activity of murine L929 cells, gingival fibroblasts (GF), and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) using indirect (samples on cells), direct monolayer culture models (cells on samples), and direct spheroid cultures with resazurin-based toxicity assay, confirmed by MTT and Live-dead staining. The surface topography was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy.

Results

The materials LAY-FOMM 40 and LAY-FOMM 60 led to a reduction in resazurin conversion in L929 cells, GF, and PDLF, higher than the impact of PLA in indirect and direct culture models. Fewer vital cells were found in the presence of LAY-FOMM 40 and 60 than PLA, in the staining in both models. In the direct model, LAY-FOMM 40 and PLA showed less impact on viability in the resazurin-based toxicity assay than in the indirect model. Spheroid microtissues showed a reduction of cell activity of GF and PDLF with LAY-FOMM 40 and 60.

Conclusion

Overall, we found that LAY-FOMM 40 and LAY-FOMM 60 can reduce the activity of L292 and oral cells. Based on the results from the PLA samples, the direct model seems more reliable than the indirect model.

Clinical relevance

A material modification is desired in terms of biocompatibility as it can mask the effect of drugs and interfere with the function of the 3D-printed device.
Towards a dTDLAS-Based Spectrometer for Absolute HCl Measurements in Combustion Flue Gases and a Better Evaluation of Thermal Boundary Layer Effects
Authors: Qu Zhechao , Nwaboh Javis , Werhahn Olav , Ebert Volker
Published: September 2020

This work presents a mid-IR direct tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (dTDLAS)-based HCl spectrometer, which is specially designed and optimized to measure HCl concentration in combustion exhaust gas matrices (i.e. elevated gas temperatures, high water vapour and CO2 contents). The work is motivated by (legal) requirements for monitoring combustion emissions from large-scale power stations or biomass burning domestic boilers. In our novel dTDLAS HCl spectrometer we use a low power room temperature mid-IR ICL diode laser to access the HCl P5 line at 2775.76 cm−1 in the 1-0 vibrational band which was especially selected for gas matrixes with high CO2 and H2O admixtures. With this set-up we demonstrate at 77 cm path length, total pressure from 320 hPa to 954 hPa, room temperature and at 110 s of signal averaging an optimal precision of 0.17 µmol/mol (ppm). Gas monitoring in combustion applications and elevated gas temperatures are prone to systematic errors caused by spectroscopic falsifications in colder gas boundary layers (BL) unavoidable in the high temperature gas ducts. These BL lead, e.g. to temperature, matrix composition or target gas concentration gradients near walls, which also influence the spectroscopic raw signal via their temperature and collision partner dependence. Depending on the chosen spectral line these can cause significant systematic deviations in in-situ, line-of-sight (LOS) laser spectrometers. For an improved understanding of the quantitative effects of thermal BL on our LOS HCl dTDLAS spectrometer and better representing real BL, we expanded our spectroscopic BL simulation model to allow for continuous (linear) instead of the previous stepwise changes. From the new simulation results, we deduce systematic relative deviations in the extracted HCl-concentration to be up to 10% depending on the magnitude of the BL changes and the choice of the “representative” single temperature measurement. With this simulation model, a user can now derive the system’s systematic deviation based on assumptions on the present temperature gradients. The model also helps the user to choose the gas temperature measurement location in his process, in order to minimize the spatial heterogeneity effects.
Reduction in thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of indium and tellurium co-doped bismuth selenide thermoelectric system
Authors: Hegde Ganesh Shridhar , Prabhu A. N. , Huang R. Y. , Kuo Y. K.
Published: September 2020

Polycrystalline samples of (Bi1-xInx)2Se2.7Te0.3 (x = 0.00, 0.02, and 0.04) were prepared by the solid-state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction pattern confirms that the polycrystalline samples have a hexagonal structure with spacegroup R$$\stackrel{-}{3}$$

3
-

m. The surface morphologic study reveals the existence of porous behavior in the studied samples due to the volatilization of Selenium. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis validates the expected and observed elemental composition of the samples. Electrical resistivity has shown metallic behavior. Hall effect and Seebeck coefficient measurements indicate the p-type and n-type conduction for the pristine sample Bi2Se3 and the (Bi1-xInx)2Se2.7Te0.3 samples, respectively. The thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity were found to reduce by 7.5 and 9 times, respectively, for (Bi0.96In0.04)2Se2.7Te0.3 compared to the pristine sample Bi2Se3.
Inverse spectral decomposition using an lp-norm constraint for the detection of close geological anomalies
Authors: Yuan San-Yi , Yang Shan , Wang Tie-Yi , Qi Jie , Wang Shang-Xu
Published: September 2020

An important application of spectral decomposition (SD) is to identify subsurface geological anomalies such as channels and karst caves, which may be buried in full-band seismic data. However, the classical SD methods including the wavelet transform (WT) are often limited by relatively low time–frequency resolution, which is responsible for false high horizon-associated space resolution probably indicating more geological structures, especially when close geological anomalies exist. To address this issue, we impose a constraint of minimizing an lp (0 < p < 1) norm of time–frequency spectral coefficients on the misfit derived by using the inverse WT and apply the generalized iterated shrinkage algorithm to invert for the optimal coefficients. Compared with the WT and inverse SD (ISD) using a typical l1-norm constraint, the modified ISD (MISD) using an lp-norm constraint can yield a more compact spectrum contributing to detect the distributions of close geological features. We design a 3D synthetic dataset involving frequency-close thin geological anomalies and the other 3D non-stationary dataset involving time-close anomalies to demonstrate the effectiveness of MISD. The application of 4D spectrum on a 3D real dataset with an area of approximately 230 km2 illustrates its potential for detecting deep channels and the karst slope fracture zone.
Fluidity and diversity of Japanese communities in London
Authors: Miyake Kazuko , Iwasaki Noriko
Published: September 2020

This paper explores the reality of ‘Japanese communities’ in London and the interrelation between language and identity.
First, we trace the history of the Japanese community to around the beginning of the Meiji Era (1868–1912), when Japan emerged from national
isolation. We then focus on one of the ‘communities’ established around the start of the 21st century by work-related and independent
relocation. We present the life stories of two women who independently resided in London and shed light on the fluid nature of language
maintenance and negotiation of identities. Through the close analysis of these personal experiences, we elucidate the complex reality of
individuals who may be otherwise collectively understood as members of Japanese communities. These stories highlight the heterogeneity of
the Japanese individuals in London, and therefore lead us to question the discursively constructed images of the ‘Japanese communities’- and
the nature and importance of ‘language maintenance’.
The dynamics of contacts and multilingual practices in the Chinese community in Britain
Authors: Li Wei
Published: September 2020

This article revisits the application of Social Network Analysis to the study of language maintenance and language shift in the Chinese community in Britain. An approach that focuses more on individual variations, including variable behaviours by the same speaker in different contexts, is proposed. The approach is illustrated with new data from Chinese-speaking families in London. The role of the social media in language maintenance and language shift, and in promoting multilingual practices is explored.
The transcriptomic response of a wine strain ofLachancea thermotoleransto oxygen deprivation
Authors: Shekhawat Kirti , Bauer Florian F , Setati Mathabatha E
Published: September 2020

The yeast Lachancea thermotolerans is of significant biotechnological interest, and selected strains of this species have become commonly used starter cultures in wine fermentation. However, the impact of this species on wine is frequently limited by the rapid dominance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains which are better adapted to wine alcoholic fermentation conditions. Previous studies have shown that the major limiting factor for L. thermotolerans competitive performance in the wine ecosystem is oxygen availability, and not ethanol levels as had been previously suggested. Here we investigated the transcriptional response of L. thermotolerans to anaerobiosis in wine fermentation conditions. The data show that L. thermotolerans broadly redirects gene expression towards genes involved in central carbon metabolism, lipid metabolism, remodeling of the cell wall as well as autophagy. Furthermore, the induction of genes that are likely involved in the generation of lactate indicates a redirection of metabolic flux towards this metabolite. The data provide the first insight into the oxygen-dependent response of L. thermotolerans and suggest potential genetic targets to improve lactate production and/or anaerobic fermentation performance of this yeast.
Digital Clinical Trials for Substance Use Disorders in the Age of Covid-19
Authors: Brezing Christina A. , Luo Sean X. , Mariani John J. , Levin Frances R.
Published: September 2020

As a result of the coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, clinical research for substance use disorders (SUDs) has been impeded due to widespread stay-at-home mandates limiting the operations of “non-essential” work. Although appropriate to proceed with an abundance of caution to prevent viral spread, there will be detrimental consequences for patients with SUDs if clinical trials research cannot adapt and continue uninterrupted. The field of digital health has strong evidence for its feasibility and effectiveness and offers tools that can facilitate the continuation of SUD clinical trials research remotely in accordance with Covid-19 precautions. Some digital tools have been used as components of SUD research in the past; however, no published clinical trial in SUDs to-date has been entirely virtual. This has important implications for disrupted clinical care, as providers seek guidelines for best digital practices. This paper provides a roadmap for integrating the fields of digital health and SUD clinical trials by proposing methods to complete recruitment, screening, informed consent, other study procedures, and internal lab operations digitally. The immediate future of SUD research depends on the ability to comply with social distancing. Investment in research of digital clinical trials for SUDs provides an opportunity to cultivate benefits for research and clinical care long-term as we can (1) define regulatory requirements for the implementation of digital systems, (2) develop consensus on system-wide standards and protocols in the appropriate use of technology, and (3) gain experience that can translate to the treatment of patients with SUDs through telehealth in the community.
Evaluating the Associations Between Exposure to Tobacco Interventions During Inpatient Treatment and Substance Use Outcomes: Findings From a Natural Experiment
Authors: Romano Isabella , Costello Mary Jean , Sousa Sarah , Li Yao , Bruce Dominique , Roth Don , MacKillop James , Rush Brian
Published: September 2020

Objective:

In this study, we took advantage of a natural experiment that occurred within a substance use disorders (SUD) treatment setting which first saw the implementation of an evidence-based practice (EBP) for tobacco cessation, followed by the implementation of a tobacco-free policy (TFP) that included a campus-wide tobacco ban. We sought to examine how implementation of the EBP and TFP was associated with substances use outcomes, in addition to tobacco use, up to 3-months posttreatment.

Methods:

Data were collected from patients in a substance use disorders treatment program at baseline, discharge, 1-, and 3-months posttreatment. Using a quasi-experimental design and generalized estimating equations, we modelled how patients’ (N = 480) exposure to one of 3 interventions (1: treatment as usual [TAU], 2: EBP, and 3: EBP + TFP) was associated with overall abstinence from tobacco, alcohol, and other substances over time. Measures of tobacco use frequency, amount, and quit attempts were also modelled among a sub-sample of participants who self-reported using tobacco before treatment.

Result:

Exposure to the EBP + TFP was associated with increased tobacco abstinence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.29, 2.90]) over time, including decreases in tobacco use frequency (OR = 0.78, 95% CI [0.68, 0.89]) and amount (OR = 0.80, 95% CI [0.67, 0.96]), and increased in likelihood of making a quit attempt (OR = 1.75, 95% CI [1.10, 2.80]) compared to TAU. Exposure was not associated with alcohol and/or other substance use.

Conclusions:

Comprehensive tobacco interventions that include EBP + TFP can promote tobacco cessation and reduced tobacco use following inpatient SUD treatment, without adversely affecting the use of other substances.
Social Cohesion in Health
Authors: Miller Hailey N. , Thornton Clifton P. , Rodney Tamar , Thorpe Roland J. , Allen Jerilyn
Published: September 2020

The concept of social cohesion has been indicated to be a critical social determinant of health in recent literature. Inconsistencies surrounding the conceptualization and operationalization have made utilizing these findings to inform health intervention and policy difficult. The objective of this article is to provide a theoretical clarification of the concept “social cohesion,” as it relates to health behaviors and outcomes by using the Rodgers' evolutionary method for concept analyses. This article uncovers the critical attributes, antecedents, and consequences of social cohesion and provides reflection on future use of social cohesion in health literature.
A case–control study on dietary calcium intake and risk of glioma
Authors: Fallah Yekta Masoumeh , Soltani Sanaz , Shayanfar Mehdi , Benisi-Kohansal Sanaz , Mohammad-Shirazi Minoo , Sharifi Giuve , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Limited evidence exists regarding the association between dietary calcium intake and risk of glioma. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between dietary calcium intake and risk of glioma in Iranian adults. In this hospital-based case–control study, we enrolled 128 newly-diagnosed cases of glioma and 256 age- and sex-matched controls. Patients with pathologically confirmed glioma (without any other cancers) were selected. Dietary intakes of study participants were collected through a validated 126-item food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary calcium intake was computed from dairy products in the questionnaire. Participants were categorized into quartiles of dietary calcium intake. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between dietary calcium intake and glioma. Higher dietary intake of calcium was associated with younger age, long duration of cell phone use, and frequent canned foods intake. After taking age, sex, and energy intake into account, participants with the greatest dietary calcium intake had 84% lower odds of glioma than those with the lowest intake [odds ratio (OR): 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07–0.37]. Further adjustment for other potential confounders including nutrient intakes did not significantly alter the association (OR: 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08–0.64). Even after additional adjustment for BMI, we found a significant inverse association between dietary calcium intake and odds of glioma (OR: 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08–0.65). We found an inverse protective association between high dietary calcium intake and odds of glioma. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Hepatitis C therapy with grazoprevir/elbasvir and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: data from the German Hepatitis C-Registry (DHC-R)
Authors: Stein Kerstin , Stoehr Albrecht , Klinker Hartwig , Teuber Gerlinde , Naumann Uwe , John Christine , Heyne Renate , Serfert Yvonne , Niederau Claus , Zeuzem Stefan , Berg Thomas , Wiegand Johannes ,   German Hepatitis C-Registry
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Grazoprevir/elbasvir and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) are the two preferred treatment options for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <30 mL/min. Both therapies have been separately analyzed in different real-life cohorts; however, a direct comparison has not been performed so far. We, therefore, analyzed safety and effectiveness of both regimens in a concerted real-life population.

Methods

The Germany Hepatitis C-Registry is a prospective national real-world registry. The analysis is based on 2773 patients with documented GFR at baseline treated with grazoprevir/elbasvir (N = 1041), grazoprevir/elbasvir + ribavirin (N = 53) and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (N = 1679).

Results

A total of 93 patients with GFR <30 mL/min were treated with grazoprevir/elbasvir (N = 56), grazoprevir/elbasvir + ribavirin (N = 4), and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (N = 33). They suffered significantly more frequent from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease than individuals with GFR >30 mL/min and showed the following baseline characteristics: 20.4, 55.9, 3.2, 12.9, and 5.3% were infected with HCV-genotypes 1a, 1b, 2, 3, and 4; 12.9% suffered from liver cirrhosis; 80.1% were treatment-naïve. Baseline characteristics except distribution of HCV-genotype 1b (n = 43/52 treated with grazoprevir/elbasvir) and sustained virologic response rates (SVR12) did not differ significantly between glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (SVR12: 100%) and grazoprevir/elbasvir (SVR12: 97.9%).

Fatigue, headache, abdominal discomfort, and arthralgia were the most frequently reported adverse events without a statistical difference between grazoprevir/elbasvir and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir.

Conclusion

In patients with chronic hepatitis C and a baseline GFR ≤30 mL/min grazoprevir/elbasvir and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir show an equally favorable safety profile and antiviral efficacy and can both be recommended for real-life use.
Long-Term Patient Experience with Tetracycline Injections for Festoons
Authors: Chon Brian H. , Hwang Catherine J. , Perry Julian D.
Published: September 2020

Background:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term patient experience with tetracycline injections for treatment of festoons.

Methods:

Charts of all patients undergoing tetracycline injection for treatment of lower eyelid festoons at the Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, between 2008 and 2018 were identified using billing records. Patients were invited to participate in a questionnaire based on the FACE-Q checklist, a previously validated questionnaire for studying cosmetic procedure outcomes. Data from the questionnaire were summarized with size, mean, and frequency.

Results:

One hundred two patients who received tetracycline injection during the study period were identified and 61 responses were obtained. The average follow-up time after injection was 3.6 years. Of 61 respondents, 36 (59 percent) noted improvement in their festoons after treatment, and 27 of 33 (82 percent) noted that improvement occurred within 2 months of treatment. Overall, 40 of 60 respondents (67 percent) would consider repeating tetracycline treatment. The most common adverse effects included discomfort (18 percent), swelling (15 percent), and bruising (13 percent). There was no statistically significant difference in questionnaire responses between men and women, except that men were more likely to consider repeated injection (92 percent versus 58 percent; p = 0.005).

Conclusion:

Tetracycline injection appears to improve festoons in a majority of patients, with an acceptable side-effect profile, although more data are needed to determine the optimal dose and frequency and to identify possible rare and/or significant side effects.
Granulomatous Mastitis
Authors: Shin Kyungmin , Ruiz-Flores Lorell , Schopp Jennifer , Whitman Gary J.
Published: September 2020

Granulomatous mastitis is a rare benign inflammatory disease of the breast, predominantly affecting women of childbearing age. Because of its low prevalence, the literature is limited, and its treatment algorithm is unclear. However, it is important to understand this disease for timely diagnosis and treatment. Our overview with imaging examples of biopsy-proven cases aims to improve our knowledge and to determine when it would be appropriate to include it in the differential diagnosis.