bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Botanical, Phytochemical, and Ethnomedical Aspects of Elaeocarpus ganitrus
Authors: Bansal Sonal , Chaudhary Aman , Kumari Vibha , Pratiksha Km , Gaur Rishabh , Kulshreshtha Mayank
Published: May 2024

Ayurveda and Hindu mythology both place great emphasis on the healing and spiritual
virtues of rudraksha (Elaeocarpus ganitrus). A wide range of medical conditions, such as anxiety,
sleeplessness, depression, hypertension, palpitations, infertility, rheumatism, and asthma,
have been linked to the pharmacological effects of physically wearing rudraksha. The objective
of this review is to examine the scientific data found in the literature about their compositional
and biochemical properties, in vivo and in vitro activities, and clinical analysis. It makes it abundantly
evident that more research is required in various areas, including clinical, pharmacological,
and physical investigations, in order to fully comprehend and share the medical benefits of
rudraksha for the benefit of humankind. The information currently known about the pharmacology,
physical characteristics, chemical makeup, and toxicology of E. ganitrus is compiled in this
study. Information was located using a literature search that made use of internet resources such
as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci Finder, Reaxys, and Cochrane.
Efficacy and Safety of Glycopyrrolate in the Management of Organophosphate and Carbamate Poisoning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rashid Muhammed , Poojari Pooja Gopal , Chandran Viji Pulikkel , Shetty Rashmi , Kaur Harsimran , Nair Sreedharan , Thunga Girish
Published: May 2024

Objective:

There is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of antidotes in the management
of organophosphate and carbamate (OPC) poisoning. We aimed to review the efficacy and
safety of glycopyrrolate in the management of OPC poisoning.

Methodology:

Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library were extensively
searched from inception to November 2022 and updated till October 2023. Interventional, observational,
and descriptive studies assessing the efficacy and safety of glycopyrrolate administered in
any dose, route, and duration for the management of OPC poisoning published in the English language
were considered for this review. The treatment with any other regimen that did not include
glycopyrrolate was regarded as the comparator. The survival, intensive care unit (ICU) and ventilatory
outcomes were considered efficacy outcomes, and adverse effects were considered safety outcomes.
Suitable quality assessment tools were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies.
Two independent reviewers were involved in the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment
and any discrepancies were resolved through mutual discussion or consultation with a
third reviewer.

Results:

A total of 9 studies (2 RCTs, 4 cohorts, 1 case series, and 2 case reports) out of 591 nonduplicate
records were considered for this review. Overall, the RCTs were observed to have a moderate
quality, and observational studies and descriptive studies were found to have good quality. All
the included studies used atropine administration as a standard treatment option along with glycopyrrolate.
The OPC patients treated with glycopyrrolate had a fewer hospitalization days with comparable
recovery and ventilatory outcomes than those that had not been treated with glycopyrrolate.
The occurrence of adverse events and complications was lower in the glycopyrrolate group than in
the control group.

Conclusion:

Currently, there is a lack of comparative studies to recommend the use of glycopyrrolate
in OPC poisoning, and further interventional studies are required to make an evidencebased
recommendation on this topic.
Integrated process chain for crashworthiness assessment of innovative aircraft cabin layouts
Authors: Marconi Leonardo
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Over the years, the German Aerospace Center (DLR) has developed a multidisciplinary process chain for aircraft design. This paper introduces a novel feature of this process chain, implemented in the Python tool called "Parametric Numerical Design and Optimization Routines for Aircraft" (PANDORA) developed at the Institute of Structures and Design (BT) featuring enhanced numerical tools for the fuselage structure analysis and sizing. The ongoing development focuses on achieving a high level of detail in the aircraft Finite Element (FE) modeling chain for crashworthiness evaluations, including a more detailed cabin description as well as advanced anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). The aim is to study the dynamic behavior of novel cabin layouts and structures under crash conditions starting from their parametrical definition, and evaluate innovative design choices in terms of safety. Such a fully integrated process chain becomes necessary due to recent changes in aviation crashworthiness regulations, where the shift from prescriptive to performance-based requirements may significantly influence both the aircraft design and certification process.
Least-weight design of tow-steered composites
Authors: Zamani Dario
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Automatic Fiber Placement (AFP) enables spatial variation of fiber orientation, enhancing mechanical performance compared to traditional composites. Variable Angle Tow (VAT) or Variable Stiffness Composites (VSC) optimize structural efficiency, which is crucial for lightweight aerospace structures. However, it is important to consider that limitations resulting from the manufacturing process can significantly impact the design domain available. This study proposes a mixed-integer optimization approach integrating the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) to minimize laminate weight while meeting frequency performance. This research aims to determine the optimal number of layers and lamination angles, considering manufacturing constraints and evaluating the impact of the selection of structural theory on the solutions.
Coupling VLM and DG methods for the aeroelastic analysis of composite wings
Authors: Campagna D.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In this work, a novel computational tool is introduced for rapid aeroelastic analysis of composite wings, integrating an aerodynamic Vortex Lattice Method with a structural Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin method. After the mathematical description of the aeroelastic model, some results for a composite wing are presented to investigate the influence of varying lamination angles on the wing displacement, twist, and divergence speed. Validation against commercial software confirms the effectiveness of the approach.
Wing-aileron adaptive flutter suppression system
Authors: Vindigni C.R.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In this work a flutter suppression system design based on simple adaptive control architecture and an alternative beam finite element modelling of wings equipped with trailing edge control surfaces is proposed. The aeroelastic beam finite element used is based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory for the flexural behavior, De Saint Venant theory for torsion and two-dimensional time-domain unsteady aerodynamics applied by means of strip theory assumptions. The finite element modeling used allows to write the aero-servo-elastic plant governing equations in state-space form, from which the flutter suppression system design can be carried out in a time domain fashion. The simple adaptive control architecture has been applied to the aero-servo-elastic plant which passivity requirement has been enforced implementing a parallel feed-forward compensator.
Space-based observation modeling method considering resident space object state uncertainty
Authors: Cai Yifan
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The proliferation of Resident Space Objects (RSOs) is accelerating at an unprecedented pace, leading to a notable escalation in RSO density and heightened risks to space operations. Consequently, there is an urgent demand for more effective methodologies to estimate the orbital state of RSOs, ensuring the sustainability of space activities. Compared with ground-based observation, space-based observation systems offer significant advantages in accuracy and timeliness owing to their capability for continuous and comprehensive monitoring. However, space-based observation sensors have limited field of view, resulting in their ability to accommodate only a few number of RSOs. Therefore, accurately assessing the detectability of RSOs relative to the sensor and using this information to determine which RSOs to observe is crucial. This can prevent wastage of limited sensor observation resources, thereby acquiring more effective observational data to attain precise RSO states. Due to the inevitable uncertainty in the characterization of RSO states, solely relying on certainty geometric relationships to calculate the detectability is not sufficiently accurate. This paper proposes a space-based observation modeling method that incorporates the uncertainty of the RSO state. By integrating the Monte Carlo (MC) random sampling idea, this method is developed based on probabilistic relationships. This enables the derivation of a numerically continuous distribution of the detectable probability of RSOs, rather than only focusing on whether they are detectable. The intriguing aspect of this research lies in embedding the uncertainty of RSO states into all stages of estimation, thereby enhancing the accuracy of RSO state estimation under limited sensor observation resources.
Numerical characterisation of additively manufactured components
Authors: Mantegna G.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are gaining widespread adoption across multiple engineering sectors due to their ability to create customised components with tailored mechanical properties and reduced material waste. This work presents different innovative Finite Element Method (FEM) models to characterise the behaviour of AM structures. A numerical model is presented to characterise AM porosity defects using the Representative Volume Element (RVE) concept; additionally, different unit cell approaches to study the behaviour of lattice structures are presented. The procedures and methodologies presented offer a range of tools, each with different trade-offs between accuracy and computational cost.
Extended reality-based human machine interface for drone monitoring in airport control tower environment
Authors: Corsi M.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This study aims to exploit digital technologies to develop and validate an innovative Extended Reality Human Machine Interface for drone monitoring in Airport Control Towers. The model for the interface prototype exploits multimodal interaction features and implements technologies and functions such as Extended Reality, drone identification and tracking labels, and safety net visualisation.
Modal analysis of hyperelastic structures in non-trivial equilibrium states via higher-order plate finite elements
Authors: Chiaia Piero
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The present work proposes a higher-order plate finite element model for the three-dimensional modal analysis of hyperelastic structures. Refined higher-order 2D models are defined in the well-established Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) framework, coupled with the classical hyperelastic constitutive law modeling based on the strain energy function approach. Matrix forms of governing equations for static nonlinear analysis and modal analysis around nontrivial equilibrium conditions are carried out using the Principle of Virtual Displacements (PVD). The primary investigation of the following study is about the natural frequencies and modal shapes exhibited by hyperelastic soft structures subjected to pre-stress conditions.
Factors Causing Outpatient Long Waiting Time at Outpatient Polyclinic of X Hospital
Authors: Prasetyo Anggun Wicaksono Achmad Rizki , Vindhya Putri Aryani , Melani Asti
Published: May 2024

The long waiting time at the outpatient polyclinic is challenging at various hospitals. Waiting too long at the outpatient polyclinic will decrease patient satisfaction, so hospitals must continue improving quality service. Therefore, this study aimed to discover the causes of outpatient prolonged waiting time and solutions to these problems. This research was qualitative research conducted at X Hospital in Malang. The research sample was five participants. In this study, direct interviews, FGDs, and questionnaires were used. Factors causing prolonged waiting time for outpatient services at X Hospital that were not yet effective or still exceeded the minimum standard of hospital services were obtained through observation and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs); and the three root causes compiled using a fish diagram were no online registration and online queues, no Standard Operating Procedure regulating delays in the arrival of specialists for outpatient care, and a limited number of human resources. An alternative solution to the root of the problem was the creation of a Standard Operating Procedure that specifically regulates delays in specialist doctors at the outpatient polyclinic, creating WhatsApp online registration, and increasing the number of human resources in the outpatient polyclinic registration desk.
Aproximación conceptual de la Educación Física colombiana: una revisión bibliográfica inicial
Authors: Guzmán Sierra Andrés Julián , García Sandoval Pablo Andrés
Published: May 2024

Introducción: La concepción histórica de la Educación Física en la escuela primaria pública colombiana ha demarcado diferentes caminos que convergen ciertamente en metas comunes, pero se distancian en su proceder y acción. Objetivo: Establecer unaaproximación conceptual teórica y del estado de la cuestión relacionado con la Educación Física en Colombia a partir del desarrollo de una revisión bibliográfica inicial orientada a la sistematización de información según algunas condiciones de clasificación y análisis propias de la teoría fundada y el método historiográfico. Metodología: Se enmarcó en las etapas de la teoría fundada y el método historiográfico, combinados con los elementos procedimentales de la investigación descriptiva y el enfoque histórico hermenéutico en orientación a la naturaleza del estudio. Resultados: Se identificaron las referencias estudiadas a partir de la implementación de la matriz de análisis y clasificación, detallando título, autor, año, tipo de documento, institución, país y temas principales. Conclusiones: Se consolidó la aproximación conceptual referente a la Educación Física en la escuela colombiana según los aspectos políticos, pedagógicos y sociales que a la postre aportaron a la identificación de tres categorías de análisis para el desarrollo del problema planteado.
Revolutionizing assessment: Innovations in website-based test and measurement applications
Authors: Siantoro Gigih , Pramono Bayu Agung , Wijaya Kusuma I Dewa Made Aryananda , Ismalasari Rini , Jayadi Ika
Published: May 2024

The success of information cannot be separated from the use of online media; Website is one of the online media that is widely used by organizations to provide information quickly. Unfortunately, there are currently not many websites that directly provide information and can analyze and monitor users. This study aims to develop a physical test and measurement website to provide information and results of biological monitoring of athletes directly. This research uses a method of ten stages of research and development (R and D). The result of this study is that more than 90% of users rated website design, validity, ease of access, and functionality as accessible and excellent. Analyzing test results and measurements also positively impacts satisfaction using the test and measurement website developed by Surabaya State University. This study concludes that although improvements need to be made to this website, but overall this physical test and measurement website facilitates the assessment of test results and physical measurements, which can be seen directly by coaches: athletes, managers, to parents who are given access. Coaches, athletes, and parent organizations must be able to adapt to the use of technology, such as the Web, to support long-term athlete development processes and performance. Following the needs of athletes, identifying athlete achievements from test results and measurements will be easier because test and measurement norms can also be adjusted to the history of test results and measurements.
Research trends in sports sciences in Indonesia: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Jumareng Hasanuddin , Setiawan Edi , Supriyadi Edi , Sugiarni Rani , Abdullah Khairul Hafezad , Gazali Novri , Ridwan Mochamad , Demir Gönül Tekkurşun , Hofmeister Martin
Published: May 2024

This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends in the field of sport science in Indonesia. Using a bibliometric approach, 128 relevant articles were collected, consisting of articles published in journals, written in English, and originating from Indonesia. This research focuses on analysing publication patterns and trends, with particular emphasis on publication year, affiliated institutions, and leading authors in the field of sport science. The analysis showed that 2020 was the year with the highest number of publications, indicating an increased interest and dedication to sport science research in Indonesia during that period. Among the various educational institutions contributing to this field, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta emerged as the leading campus with the highest number of publications, demonstrating its important role in advancing sport-related studies. Additionally, the study identified "Journal of Physics: Conference Series" as the dominant source of documents, signalling its significance in disseminating sports science research in Indonesia. To shed light on the prolific contributors, this study examined authorship patterns. In particular, three authors, Novita Sari Harahap, Yulingga Nanda Hanief, and Ahmad Nasrulloh, emerged as the most prolific in the sport science domain, with each of them writing four documents in the form of articles. Their notable contributions demonstrate their expertise and dedication to advancing knowledge in the field of sports science. In conclusion, while the current landscape of sport science research in Indonesia shows promise and progress, there are still limitations and areas for improvement. By addressing these challenges and embracing innovative research agendas, the field can continue to develop and flourish, ultimately contributing to the advancement of sport science knowledge and practice on both a local and global scale.
The relationship between physical activity level on the severity of dysmenorrhea
Authors: Trisnowiyanto Bambang , Andriani Isna
Published: May 2024

Dysmenorrhea is a disorder in which women experience pain or cramping in the abdominal region throughout the menstrual cycle. It has been noted that physical activity and psychological variables can exacerbate dysmenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between  physical activity level and the severity of dysmenorrhea in late adolescence. This cross-sectional study involved 126 late female adolescents aged 17 to 25 years experiencing dysmenorrhea. The independent variable was physical activity, which was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), categorized into high and low physical activity levels . The dependent variable was dysmenorrhea, measured using the working ability, location, intensity, days of pain, and dysmenorrhea (WaLIDD), which was categorized into severe and mild dysmenorrhea. The association between physical activity  and dysmenorrhea was analysed using simple binary logistic regression analysis.The findings indicated that mild dysmenorrhea was 93.65% and severe dysmenorrhea was 6.35%. Adolescents who engage in high physical activity were more likely to experience severe dysmenorrhea than adolescents who engage in light physical activity (OR= 5.11; p= 0.032; 95% CI= 1,15 to 22,72). The probability of adolescents who participated in high physical activity in experiencing severe dysmenorrhea was 14.70%. It can be concluded that high physical activity level is correlated to higher risk of experiencing severe dysmenorrhea.
How physical exercises ameliorate dysmenorrhea in adolescence
Authors: Wijaya Aqsha , Anwar Ruswana , Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah , Susiarno Hadi , Arya Insi Farisa Desy , Setiawan Iwan
Published: May 2024

Dysmenorrhea is frequently reported by adolescents. Physical exercises is one method of overcoming the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. Consistent physical activity has been shown to induce the synthesis of endorphins, which function as analgesics within the body. This study presents a comprehensive review to synthesize evidence regarding the relation between physical activity or exercise with dysmenorrhea and how exercise can ameliorate dysmenorrhea in adolescents. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method to identify articles published within the last three years (2021-2023) via PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. This process yielded seven pertinent studies. The studies have demonstrated that engaging in physical activity can effectively alleviate the symptoms associated with menstrual discomfort. Physical exercise in regular time for a minimum of thirty minutes, three times per week, can also contribute to the alleviation of pain associated with menstrual discomfort among adolescent females diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea. Isometric exercise, massage therapy, yoga, electrotherapy, connective tissue manipulation, stretching, kinesio tape, progressive relaxation exercise, aviva stretching exercise, stretching exercises, core strengthening exercise and aerobic exercise are the recommended forms of physical exercise in reducing the impact of primary dysmenorrhea. However, the extent to which one experiences these benefits is contingent upon the nature and intensity of the exercise.
Review of the Monograph of the Candidate of Law, Natalia Ivanovna Kuznetsova "Criminal Policy in the Field of Environmental Safety"; St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia St. Petersburg, 2023. 164 p.
Authors: Tangiev B. B.
Published: May 2024

Relevance. In the review, the author gives an assessment of the monographic research of Natalia Ivanovna Kuznetsova, Candidate of Law "Criminal policy in the field of environmental safety". The criminal-political and scientific-theoretical problems of responsibility for environmental crimes raised in the monograph should be identified as priorities for resolution today.

The purpose: to conduct a comprehensive comprehensive scientific analysis of the monographic work submitted for review.

Objectives: to assess the relevance, scientific novelty, the elaboration of the research topic, to analyze the content, the depth of the problem statement and the proposed ways out of the current situation, to evaluate, in the author's opinion, possible solutions to the tasks set, the scientific and practical significance of the results of the monographic research.

Methodology. The review was based on general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.), private scientific and special legal methods of cognition.

Results. The author of the monograph gives the concept, reveals the content and principles of criminal policy in the field of environmental safety, analyzes its methods such as criminalization (decriminalization), penalization, differentiation and individualization of criminal responsibility and punishment for environmental crimes. For the first time, the global environmental problems of our time and their relationship with crime are considered at the monographic level.

Conclusion. The implementation of a new paradigm of criminal policy in the field of environmental safety, proposed by N. I. Kuznetsova, will contribute to the development of such very promising areas of legal science as ecocriminology; criminology of environmental protection; ecodeviantology; ecocriminogenic victimization of society (criminal eco-victimology); information ecocriminological and criminalistic technologies.
Reception of Fichte's Ideas in the Formation of B. P. Vysheslavtsev's Legal Views
Authors: Lipich D. V.
Published: May 2024

Relevance. Modern philosophy of law, being one of the leading branches of legal science, develops based on the spiritual experience that was acquired in the dialogue of Russian and German philosophical and legal thought. The Russian philosophical thought of the late XIX-early XX in the circle of its research interests raised the issues of the formation of the moral and legal ideal, the relationship of law and morality, freedom and responsibility of the individual The purpose of the study is to analyze the reception of philosophical and legal ideas of the representative of German classical philosophy I.G. Fichte in the formation of legal views of B.P. Vysheslavtsev

Objectives: to analyze in B.P. Vysheslavtsev's work "Ethics of Fichte" section IV "Law and morality" the issues of the correlation of law and morality in the system of transcendental philosophy of Fichte.

Methodology. The methodological basis of this study is the principles of consistency, unity of logical and historical analysis, which allowed us to explore the reception of I.G. Fichte's philosophical and legal views in the Russian philosophy of law.

Results. The conducted research has shown that the basis of legal reality is such a transcendental phenomenon as the law of law, and the main task of the philosophy of law is to show its place in the system of reason. The very concept of law acts a priori as something due, as an idea of justice found in positive law. Law strives to realize the idea of justice, which reveals the meaning of all legal reality.

Conclusion: B.P. Vysheslavtsev's reflections on Fichte's philosophical and legal views makes it possible to conclude that he links the problems of the relationship between state and law with individual freedom, with its role in the constitution of the legal system. B.P. Vysheslavtsev believes that Fichte's law of law differs sharply from the law of nature, but also does not merge with the law of morality. The law of law is not derived from the law of morality, but on the contrary, law and the state are external borders and at the same time conditions for the existence of a "community of free beings".
Public Procurement Information Component: How to Deal with Falsified Information?
Authors: Belyaevа O. A.
Published: May 2024

The relevanceof the article lies in the study of the key problem of information support for public procurement at the current stage: filling the socially significant sphere of relations with inaccurate information, falsified information and forged documents, including confirmation of the experience and qualifications of the procurement participant.

The purposeof the study is to disclose the algorithm of the procurement commission's work at the stages of selecting applicants and evaluating applications for procurement participants in terms of verifying the reliability of the information and documents presented by them.

The author sees thetaskof the study to identify the reasons and factors that contribute to the use by the procurement commission of relatively reliable (but actually unverifiable) information during public procurement.

Methodology.The article uses a complex of general scientific (analysis, modeling, analogy, hypothesis), private scientific (formal-logical, systemic, functional) methods, and the author also uses a formal legal method.

The resultsof the study allowed the author to identify legal uncertainty in the regulation of the public procurement process, which casts doubt on the optimality and sufficiency of existing regulation that cannot block both abuses by market entities (applicants and procurement participants) and errors made by control bodies.

Conclusions.The author proposed current directions for improving the current legislation on public procurement, aimed at stopping the risks of using falsified information, inaccurate information and forged documents; at the same time, the vectors for optimizing the legal regulation of procurement processes are, according to the author, in the segment of public law and are expressed in the application of "quasi-responsibility" (register of unscrupulous suppliers), as well as the design in the short term of a new composition of an administrative offense in order to punish deception.
The Constitutional Court in the Context of the Uniformity of Judicial Practice in Civil Cases
Authors: Ryzhkov K. S.
Published: May 2024

Relevance. The issue of the role of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in ensuring uniformity of judicial practice, as well as the mechanisms of such provision, remains insufficiently investigated in the scientific literature.

The purpose of the work is to study the current legislation and law enforcement practice in order to identify the specifics of the influence of the practice of the Constitutional Court on the uniform interpretation and application of legal norms in civil cases.

Objectives. To achieve this goal, the task was set to identify the problems of applying the decisions of the Constitutional Court within the framework of the formation of uniform judicial practice. Also, within the framework of this article, the task was set to formulate proposals for improving civil procedure and arbitration procedural legislation.

Methodology. Within the framework of the study, dialectical, formal legal and hermeneutic research methods were applied.

Results. As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the context of the issue under consideration concerns both the formulation of general objectives regarding the legal nature of the uniformity of judicial practice and ways to achieve it in law enforcement, and the interpretation of legal norms in their constitutional and legal sense to eliminate the risks of their unreasonably different application in similar situations.

Conclusions. The conclusion is also made about the mutual influence of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the practice of other courts. In addition, it is concluded that it is necessary to amend the current procedural legislation in order to consolidate the need to indicate in the texts of judicial acts the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.
Development of a Web App to Enhance Physical Activity in People With Cystic Fibrosis: Co-Design and Acceptability Evaluation by Patients and Health Professionals
Authors: Ladune Raphaelle , Hayotte Meggy , Vuillemin Anne , d'Arripe-Longueville Fabienne
Published: May 2024

Background

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease affecting the respiratory and digestive systems, with recent treatment advances improving life expectancy. However, many people with CF lack adequate physical activity (PA). PA can enhance lung function and quality of life, but barriers exist. The Cystic Fibrosis Decisional Balance of Physical Activity questionnaire assesses the decisional balance for PA in adults with CF, but it is not optimal for clinical use. A digital app might overcome this limitation by improving the efficiency of administration, interpretation of results, and communication between patients and health care professionals.

Objective

This paper presents the development process and reports on the acceptability of a web app designed to measure and monitor the decisional balance for PA in people with CF.

Methods

This study comprised two stages: (1) the co-design of a digital app and (2) the evaluation of its acceptability among health care professionals and people with CF. A participatory approach engaged stakeholders in the app’s creation. The app’s acceptability, based on factors outlined in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2, is vital for its successful adoption. Participants volunteered, gave informed consent, and were aged >18 years and fluent in French. Data collection was performed through qualitative interviews, video presentations, surveys, and individual semistructured interviews, followed by quantitative and qualitative data analyses.

Results

In total, 11 health care professionals, 6 people with CF, and 5 researchers were involved in the co-design phase. Results of this phase led to the coconstruction of an app named MUCO_BALAD, designed for people with CF aged ≥18 years, health care professionals, and researchers to monitor the decisional balance for PA in people with CF. In the acceptability evaluation phase, the sample included 47 health care professionals, 44 people with CF, and 12 researchers. The analysis revealed that the acceptability measures were positive and that app acceptability did not differ according to user types. Semistructured interviews helped identify positive and negative perceptions of the app and the interface, as well as missing functionalities.

Conclusions

This study assessed the acceptability of an app and demonstrated promising qualitative and quantitative results. The digital tool for measuring the decisional balance in PA for people with CF is encouraging for health care professionals, people with CF, and researchers, according to the valuable insights gained from this study.
Assessing the Content and Effect of Web-Based Decision Aids for Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Preprint)
Authors: Yu Lin , Gong Jianmei , Sun Xiaoting , Zang Min , Liu Lei , Yu Shengmiao
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Web-based decision aids have been shown to have a positive effect when used to improve the quality of decision-making for women facing postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR). However, the existing findings regarding these interventions are still incongruent, and the overall effect is unclear.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to assess the content of web-based decision aids and its impact on decision-related outcomes (ie, decision conflict, decision regret, informed choice, and knowledge), psychological-related outcomes (ie, satisfaction and anxiety), and surgical decision-making in women facing PMBR.

METHODS

This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A total of 6 databases, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science Core Collection, were searched starting at the time of establishment of the databases to May 2023, and an updated search was conducted on April 1, 2024. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms and text words were used. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized controlled trials was used to assess the risk of bias. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.

RESULTS

In total, 7 studies included 579 women and were published between 2008 and 2023, and the sample size in each study ranged from 26 to 222. The results showed that web-based decision aids used audio and video to present the pros and cons of PMBR versus no PMBR, implants versus flaps, and immediate versus delayed PMBR and the appearance and feel of the PMBR results and the expected recovery time with photographs of actual patients. Web-based decision aids help improve PMBR knowledge, decisional conflict (mean difference [MD]=–5.43, 95% CI –8.87 to –1.99; P=.002), and satisfaction (standardized MD=0.48, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.95; P=.05) but have no effect on informed choice (MD=–2.80, 95% CI –8.54 to 2.94; P=.34), decision regret (MD=–1.55, 95% CI –6.00 to 2.90 P=.49), or anxiety (standardized MD=0.04, 95% CI –0.50 to 0.58; P=.88). The overall Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation quality of the evidence was low.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that the web-based decision aids provide a modern, low-cost, and high dissemination rate effective method to promote the improved quality of decision-making in women undergoing PMBR.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42023450496; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=450496
Barriers and Facilitators of International Health Care Students’ Well-Being in Higher Education: Protocol for a Systematic Integrative Review (Preprint)
Authors: Xie Yao , Fadahunsi Kayode Philip , Flynn Paul , Taylor-Robinson Simon , Gallagher Joseph , Cullen Walter , O'Donoghue John
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

International health care students encounter unique hurdles as they pursue education in foreign countries. These challenges, stemming from adjustment to new cultural environments and stressful academic programs, significantly impact their well-being. Understanding the barriers and facilitators experienced by international health care students is crucial for ensuring their successful integration into academic and professional spheres. Most existing reviews focus on specific populations or disciplines, thus limiting their generalizability.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic integrative review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of barriers and facilitators of international health care students’ well-being in higher education.

METHODS

The protocol follows the Joanna Briggs Institute’s guidance for a mixed methods systematic review. The main information sources will include PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost, supplemented with manual reference search and citation tracking using Google Scholar. The study selection will be done independently by 2 reviewers based on predetermined eligibility criteria. The study population will consist of international higher education students enrolled in human health–related disciplines including medicine, pharmacy, nursing, and allied health care fields. Qualitative and quantitative data relating to barriers and facilitators of international health care students’ well-being will be extracted using a customized data extraction template in Covidence review management software. Quantitative data will be “qualitized” and integrated with qualitative data using a convergent integrated approach, as described in the Joanna Briggs Institute’s guidance. The integrated data will then be synthesized using a thematic analysis approach to provide a comprehensive understanding of barriers and facilitators of international health care students’ well-being.

RESULTS

The initial literature search yielded 2408 papers from the selected databases. The findings of this review will be presented in a narrative format, supported by visualizations such as tables and diagrams. The review is expected to be completed by December 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic integrative review will identify barriers and facilitators of international health care students’ well-being in higher education. The findings could inform the development of targeted interventions and support initiatives in higher education institutions globally, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the well-being as well as the academic and professional success of international health care students.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42024372785; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024372785

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/59927
An Assistant for ICD-10 Coding: Leveraging GPT-4 and RoBERTa for Term Extraction and Code Description Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Puts Sander
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD), developed by the WHO, standardizes health condition coding to support healthcare policy, research, and billing, but AI automation, while promising, still underperforms compared to human accuracy and lacks the explainability needed for adoption in medical settings.

OBJECTIVE

The potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) is explored for assisting medical coders in the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) coding. The study aims on augmenting human coding by initially identifying lead terms and utilizing RAG-based methods for computer-assisted coding enhancement.

METHODS

The explainability dataset from the CodiEsp challenge (CodiEsp-X) was used, featuring 1000 Spanish clinical cases annotated with ICD-10 codes. From CodiEsp-X, a dataset was created using GPT-4, where full textual evidence annotations were replaced with lead term annotations. Phase 1 consisted of fine-tuning a named entity recognition (NER) RoBERTa transformer model for lead term extraction. In Phase 2, the ICD code for identified lead terms was assigned using GPT-4 and ICD code descriptions, a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) approach.

RESULTS

The fine-tuned RoBERTa achieved an overall F1 score of 0.80 for ICD lead term extraction on the new CodiEsp-X-lead dataset in phase 1. In phase 2, the GPT-4 generated code descriptions improved the recall from 55.1% to 82.3% for procedure code lookups in a code description database. However, relying solely on GPT-4 prompting and code descriptions as a resource to assign the correct ICD-10 code to identified lead terms resulted in poor performance on the CodiEsp-X task, with an F1 score of 0.305.

CONCLUSIONS

While the fine-tuning on training data might have improved the ICD coding, it was intentionally omitted to prioritize generalizability.
The Stakeholders’ Walkability/Wheelability Audit in Neighbourhoods (SWAN): Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mahmood Atiya , Rikhtehgaran Farinaz , Nasiri Rojan , Hedayati Niloofar , Pandsheno Sepehr , Sharrock Aislynn , Mora Diana Juanita , Haji Hosseini Sogol , Routhier François , Mortenson Ben
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of sensory, cognitive, and mobility disabilities in Canada underscores the need to address environmental barriers. This study adapts and validates the Stakeholders’ Walkability/Wheelability Audit in Neighbourhoods (SWAN) tool to assess built environment challenges for individuals with disabilities, aiming to inform policy changes for accessibility and inclusivity.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to: (1) adapt the mobility tool for those with hearing, vision, or cognitive disabilities, (2) validate it for researching environmental barriers for people with disabilities, including older adults, and (3) offer insights for policy changes in the built environment, contributing to literature and guiding future research.

METHODS

The research is based on community based approach, and will be conducted over four phases within an 18-month period in British Columbia. An advisory committee, including individuals with disabilities, will provide insights through participatory research. The first phase involves conducting a literature review, tool consolidation, and pilot testing. Phase two entails identifying street intersections for data collection using GIS layers and discussions with municipal officials. Phase three involves collecting data across various streams of disabilities. The fourth phase includes data analysis and knowledge mobilization.

RESULTS

Data collection is scheduled to conclude in the summer of 2024, involving over 80 eligible participants across four streams in pre-identified hotspots. The results are expected to be published in the winter of 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

This study addresses the increasing challenges faced by individuals with sensory, cognitive, and mobility disabilities in navigating the built environment. It highlights the limitations of existing research in capturing diverse experiences within these populations and introduces the Stakeholders’ Walkability/Wheelability Audit in Neighbourhoods (SWAN) tool as a crucial solution. The study focuses on adapting and validating the SWAN tool for individuals with various disabilities, aiming to identify environmental barriers and inform policy changes. The ultimate goal is to enhance accessibility and safety standards, fostering inclusive neighborhood spaces for all individuals.
Ensuring Accuracy and Equity in Vaccination Information From ChatGPT and CDC: Mixed-Methods Cross-Language Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Joshi Saubhagya , Ha Eunbin , Amaya Andee , Mendoza Melissa , Rivera Yonaira , Singh Vivek K
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

In the digital age, large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have emerged as important sources of health care information. Their interactive capabilities offer promise for enhancing health access, particularly for groups facing traditional barriers such as insurance and language constraints. Despite their growing public health use, with millions of medical queries processed weekly, the quality of LLM-provided information remains inconsistent. Previous studies have predominantly assessed ChatGPT’s English responses, overlooking the needs of non–English speakers in the United States. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the quality and linguistic parity of vaccination information from ChatGPT and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), emphasizing health equity.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the quality and language equity of vaccination information provided by ChatGPT and the CDC in English and Spanish. It highlights the critical need for cross-language evaluation to ensure equitable health information access for all linguistic groups.

METHODS

We conducted a comparative analysis of ChatGPT’s and CDC’s responses to frequently asked vaccination-related questions in both languages. The evaluation encompassed quantitative and qualitative assessments of accuracy, readability, and understandability. Accuracy was gauged by the perceived level of misinformation; readability, by the Flesch-Kincaid grade level and readability score; and understandability, by items from the National Institutes of Health’s Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) instrument.

RESULTS

The study found that both ChatGPT and CDC provided mostly accurate and understandable (eg, scores over 95 out of 100) responses. However, Flesch-Kincaid grade levels often exceeded the American Medical Association’s recommended levels, particularly in English (eg, average grade level in English for ChatGPT=12.84, Spanish=7.93, recommended=6). CDC responses outperformed ChatGPT in readability across both languages. Notably, some Spanish responses appeared to be direct translations from English, leading to unnatural phrasing. The findings underscore the potential and challenges of using ChatGPT for health care access.

CONCLUSIONS

ChatGPT holds potential as a health information resource but requires improvements in readability and linguistic equity to be truly effective for diverse populations. Crucially, the default user experience with ChatGPT, typically encountered by those without advanced language and prompting skills, can significantly shape health perceptions. This is vital from a public health standpoint, as the majority of users will interact with LLMs in their most accessible form. Ensuring that default responses are accurate, understandable, and equitable is imperative for fostering informed health decisions across diverse communities.