bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconfiguration of magnetic domain structures of ErFeO3 by intense terahertz free electron laser pulses
Authors: Kurihara Takayuki , Hirota Kazumasa , Qiu Hongsong , Phan Khoa Thanh Nhat , Kato Kosaku , Isoyama Goro , Nakajima Makoto
Published: April 2020

Understanding the interaction between intense terahertz (THz) electromagnetic fields and spin systems has been gaining importance in modern spintronics research as a unique pathway to realize ultrafast macroscopic magnetization control. In this work, we used intense THz pulses with pulse energies in the order of 10 mJ/pulse generated from the terahertz free electron laser (THz-FEL) to irradiate the ferromagnetic domains of ErFeO3 single crystal. It was found that the domain shape can be locally reconfigured by irradiating the THz − FEL pulses near the domain boundary. Observed domain reconfiguration mechanism can be phenomenologically understood by the combination of depinning effect and the entropic force due to local thermal gradient exerted by terahertz irradiation. Our finding opens up a new possibility of realizing thermal-spin effects at THz frequency ranges by using THz-FEL pulses.
Using an unbiased symbolic movement representation to characterize Parkinson’s disease states
Authors: Abrami Avner , Heisig Stephen , Ramos Vesper , Thomas Kevin C. , Ho Bryan K. , Caggiano Vittorio
Published: April 2020

Unconstrained human movement can be broken down into a series of stereotyped motifs or ‘syllables’ in an unsupervised fashion. Sequences of these syllables can be represented by symbols and characterized by a statistical grammar which varies with external situational context and internal neurological state. By first constructing a Markov chain from the transitions between these syllables then calculating the stationary distribution of this chain, we estimate the overall severity of Parkinson’s symptoms by capturing the increasingly disorganized transitions between syllables as motor impairment increases. Comparing stationary distributions of movement syllables has several advantages over traditional neurologist administered in-clinic assessments. This technique can be used on unconstrained at-home behavior as well as scripted in-clinic exercises, it avoids differences across human evaluators, and can be used continuously without requiring scripted tasks be performed. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique using movement data captured with commercially available wrist worn sensors in 35 participants with Parkinson’s disease in-clinic and 25 participants monitored at home.
Analysis of the Temporal Patterning of Notch Downstream Targets during Drosophila melanogaster Egg Chamber Development
Authors: Rowe Molly , Paculis Lily , Tapia Fernando , Xu Qiuping , Xie Qian , Liu Manyun , Jevitt Allison , Jia Dongyu
Published: April 2020

Living organisms require complex signaling interactions and proper regulation of these interactions to influence biological processes. Of these complex networks, one of the most distinguished is the Notch pathway. Dysregulation of this pathway often results in defects during organismal development and can be a causative mechanism for initiation and progression of cancer. Despite previous research entailing the importance of this signaling pathway and the organismal processes that it is involved in, less is known concerning the major Notch downstream targets, especially the onset and sequence in which they are modulated during normal development. As timing of regulation may be linked to many biological processes, we investigated and established a model of temporal patterning of major Notch downstream targets including broad, cut, and hindsight during Drosophila melanogaster egg chamber development. We confirmed the sequential order of Broad upregulation, Hindsight upregulation, and Cut downregulation. In addition, we showed that Notch signaling could be activated at stage 4, one stage earlier than the stage 5, a previously long-held belief. However, our further mitotic marker analysis re-stated that mitotic cycle continues until stage 5. Through our study, we once again validated the effectiveness and reliability of our MATLAB toolbox designed to systematically identify egg chamber stages based on area size, ratio, and additional morphological characteristics.
Viviparous stingrays avoid contamination of the embryonic environment through faecal accumulation mechanisms
Authors: Tomita Taketeru , Nakamura Masaru , Kobayashi Yasuhisa , Yoshinaka Atsushi , Murakumo Kiyomi
Published: April 2020

In viviparous (live-bearing) animals, embryos face an embryo-specific defecation issue: faecal elimination in utero can cause fatal contamination of the embryonic environment. Our data from the viviparous red stingray (Hemitrygon akajei) reveals how viviparous elasmobranchs circumvent this issue. The exit of the embryonic intestine is maintained closed until close to birth, which allows the accumulation of faeces in the embryonic body. Faecal accumulation abilities are increased by (1) the large intestine size (represents about 400–600% of an adult intestine, proportionally), and (2) the modification in the intestinal inner wall structure, specialized to increase water uptake from the faecal matter. According to the literature, faecal accumulation may occur in embryos of the lamniform white shark as well. The reproductive biology of myliobatiform stingrays and lamniform sharks is characterized by the onset of oral feeding before birth (i.e. drinking of uterine milk and eating of sibling eggs, respectively), which is expected to result in the production of large amounts of faeces during gestation. The strong ability of faecal accumulation in these lineages is therefore likely an adaptation to their unique embryonic nutrition mechanism.
Different histopathologic profiles and outcomes between sun-exposed BCC and non-sun-exposed BCC
Authors: Li Chia-Lun , Chen Yu-Ching , Yang Kuo-Chung , Chen Lee-Wei
Published: April 2020

Asian population is a low-risk group for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and there is little data available in this setting. Sun-exposed BCC (SEBCC) may possess a different pathogenic mechanism from non-sun-exposed BCC (NSEBCC). To compare the histopathological profiles and outcomes between SEBCC and NSEBCC, and to assess the risk factors for tumor recurrences. Retrospective cohort study on 372 patients with pathologically diagnosed BCC from January 1, 1990 to August 31, 2017. Data were derived from a single medical center in Taiwan. SEBCC presented with higher Clark level and more high-risk factors for recurrence than NSEBCC. Nodular, micronodular, infiltrating/mixed infiltrating, basosquamous, and adenoid types were predominant in SEBCC, as superficial type in NSEBCC. Risk factors for recurrence included infiltrating/mixed-infiltrating subtypes and synchronous basosquamous cell carcinoma. No recurrence events were observed in NSEBCC. Our study showed an acceptable recurrence rate (4.2%) of the whole population after excision even under a smaller surgical margin width than suggested by current guidelines. SEBCC had a higher recurrence rate with a significantly different tumor characteristic from NSEBCC and a greater tumor depth than NSEBCC. A wider surgical margin in SEBCC than NSEBCC is suggested.
Protein-protein interaction of the putative magnetoreceptor cryptochrome 4 expressed in the avian retina
Authors: Wu Haijia , Scholten Alexander , Einwich Angelika , Mouritsen Henrik , Koch Karl-Wilhelm
Published: April 2020

Migratory birds can sense the Earth’s magnetic field and use it for orientation over thousands of kilometres. A light-dependent radical-pair mechanism associated with the visual system is currently discussed as the underlying mechanism of the magnetic compass sense. The blue light receptor cryptochrome 4 (Cry4) is considered as the most likely primary sensory protein that detects the geomagnetic field. Since the protein interaction partners of Cry4 are completely unknown at present, here, we aim to identify potential candidate interaction partners of Cry4 in the avian retina. We used the yeast-two-hybrid system to screen avian cDNA libraries for possible interaction partners of Cry4 in the European robin. The UAS-GAL yeast two hybrid system was applied to confirm a group of candidate Cry4 interaction partners. Six proteins were found to be particularly promising candidates for interacting with European robin Cry4. The identified genes code for guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-2 (GNAT2), long-wavelength-sensitive opsin (LWS, also called iodopsin), guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit gamma 10 (GNG10), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily V member 2 (KCNV2), retinol binding protein 1 (RBP1) and retinal G protein-coupled receptor (RGR). All genes are known to be expressed in vertebrate retinae of different species. We conclude by discussing putative signalling pathways that could connect cryptochrome 4 to one or more of these 6 candidates.
Development of a polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel-based scaffold incorporating bFGF-encapsulated microspheres for accelerated wound healing
Authors: Bahadoran Maedeh , Shamloo Amir , Nokoorani Yeganeh Dorri
Published: April 2020

In the present study, a hybrid microsphere/hydrogel system, consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel incorporating PCL microspheres is introduced as a skin scaffold to accelerate wound healing. The hydrogel substrate was developed using the freeze-thawing method, and the proportion of the involved polymers in its structure was optimized based on the in-vitro assessments. The bFGF-encapsulated PCL microspheres were also fabricated utilizing the double-emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The achieved freeze-dried hybrid system was then characterized by in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. The results obtained from the optimization of the hydrogel showed that increasing the concentration of SA resulted in a more porous structure, and higher swelling ability, elasticity and degradation rate, but decreased the maximum strength and elongation at break. The embedding of PCL microspheres into the optimized hydrogel structure provided sustained and burst-free release kinetics of bFGF. Besides, the addition of drug-loaded microspheres led to no significant change in the degradation mechanism of the hydrogel substrate; however, it reduced its mechanical strength. Furthermore, the MTT assay represented no cytotoxic effect for the hybrid system. The in-vivo studies on a burn-wound rat model, including the evaluation of the wound closure mechanism, and histological analyses indicated that the fabricated scaffold efficiently contributed to promoting cell-induced tissue regeneration and burn-wound healing.
Risk of Corneal Ulcer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Large-Scale Cohort Study
Authors: Chang Yuh-Shin , Tai Ming-Cheng , Ho Chung-Han , Chu Chin-Chen , Wang Jhi-Joung , Tseng Sung-Huei , Jan Ren-Long
Published: April 2020

This nationwide, retrospective, matched cohort study was designed to investigate the risk of corneal ulcer in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). It included 238,701 patients with DM, recruited between 2003 and 2005 from the Longitudinal Cohort of Diabetes Patients database. The control group included the same number of age- and sex-matched non-DM patients selected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, 2000. The data of each patient were collected from the index date until December 2013. The incidence of corneal ulcer was compared between the two groups. In total, 2,549 patients with DM and 1,988 controls developed corneal ulcer during the follow-up period, resulting in an incidence rate for corneal ulcers that was 1.27 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–1.35; P < 0.001) higher in patients with DM than in controls. After adjustment for potential confounders, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and chronic renal disease, patients with DM were 1.31 times (95% CI, 1.24–1.40; P < 0.05) more likely than the cohort to develop corneal ulcers. In conclusion, this study shows that DM increases the risk of corneal ulcer. Therefore, close collaboration between ophthalmologists and endocrinologists is important to ensure timely ophthalmology visits.
Graphene Oxide Papers in Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Humidity Sensing by Finger Tapping
Authors: Ejehi Faezeh , Mohammadpour Raheleh , Asadian Elham , Sasanpour Pezhman , Fardindoost Somayeh , Akhavan Omid
Published: April 2020

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offer an emerging market of self-sufficient power sources, converting the mechanical energy of the environment to electricity. Recently reported high power densities for the TENGs provide new applications opportunities, such as self-powered sensors. Here in this research, a flexible graphene oxide (GO) paper was fabricated through a straightforward method and utilized as the electrode of TENGs. Outstanding power density as high as 1.3 W.m−2, an open-circuit voltage up to 870 V, and a current density of 1.4 µA.cm−2 has been extracted in vertical contact-separation mode. The all-flexible TENG has been employed as a self-powered humidity sensor to investigate the effect of raising humidity on the output voltage and current by applying mechanical agitation in two forms of using a tapping device and finger tapping. Due to the presence of superficial functional groups on the GO paper, water molecules are inclined to be adsorbed, resulting in a considerable reduction in both generated voltage (from 144 V to 14 V) and current (from 23 µA to 3.7 µA) within the range of relative humidity of 20% to 99%. These results provide a promising applicability of the first suggested sensitive self-powered GO TENG humidity sensor in portable/wearable electronics.
Validation of Salivary Markers, IL-1β, IL-8 and Lgals3bp for Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Indian Population
Authors: Singh Prerana , Verma Jitendra K. , Singh Jayant Kumar
Published: April 2020

Early detection and easier follow-up of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) would significantly improve the morbidity and mortality associated with it. With newer technologies, it has become possible to validate cancer biomarkers in saliva with high sensitivity and specificity. There is however a need to further validate these biomarkers in cohorts of different ethnic groups. Our objective was to validate previously evaluated salivary biomarkers in Indian population. The study enrolled 117 patients. These were grouped into subcatergories of 31 early (TNMstage I-II) and 27 late-stage OSCC (TNM stage III-IV), 30 PMOD and 29 post-treatment patients. There were 42 control subjects. We evaluated 3 protein markers, IL-1β, IL-8 and LGALS3BP using ELISA, from unstimulated saliva samples. Statistical analysis was done to calculate p-value, ROC, AUC, sensitivity, and specificity. Protein markers IL-1β and IL-8 were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in OSCC patients. Though the markers could not discriminate PMOD and post-treatment subjects from controls, they proved to be significantly discriminatory between OSCC and controls. Both these markers were especially strong discriminators of late stage OSCC (stage III-IV). IL-1β had the most statistically significant discriminative power (AUC = 0.9017) in late-stage OSCC followed by IL-8 (AUC = 0.7619). Although LGALS3BP was not found to be significantly elevated in late stage OSCC patients, but it was a significant discriminator of early stage OSCC (stage I-II) with p-value = 0.0008 and AUC = 0.7296. These salivary biomarkers have been discovered and validated in other ethnic groups earlier. Hence, the fact that these markers were discriminatory in Indian population too, strengthens the possibility of using these salivary biomarkers as screening tools in different ethnic cohorts. Such trials would potentiate use of a non-invasive tool, like saliva for diagnosis and follow-up of oral cancer.
Clinical significance of post-liver transplant hepatitis E seropositivity in high prevalence area of hepatitis E genotype 3: a prospective study
Authors: Komolmit Piyawat , Oranrap Vinita , Suksawatamnuay Sirinporn , Thanapirom Kessarin , Sriphoosanaphan Supachaya , Srisoonthorn Nunthiya , Posuwan Nawarat , Thongmee Thanunrat , Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Poovorawan Yong
Published: April 2020

High hepatitis E (HEV) seroprevalence has been reported in the general population and in post-liver transplant (LT) cases in several regions, including Thailand, with genotype 3 being a predominant genotype. We hypothesized that HEV might persist at a subclinical level and might pose clinical risks in the post-LT period. We performed a cross-sectional study with 108 post-LT patients and found an IgG seroprevalence of 55.6%. Subsequently, 91 cases without clinical evidence of HEV-related hepatitis were enrolled in 1 year of prospective follow-up to determine clinical status, serologies and serum/feces HEV RNA every 4 months. HEV RNA was detected, indicating subclinical infections in patients with or without seropositivity, with an annual incidence of 7.7%. Our results suggest that subclinical HEV infection exists among LT patients in this high-prevalence area. Thus, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of disease reemergence and HEV viral transmission in LT patients.
Author Correction: GGA2 interacts with EGFR cytoplasmic domain to stabilize the receptor expression and promote cell growth
Authors: Uemura Takefumi , Kametaka Satoshi , Waguri Satoshi
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: A systematic literature review on the European, African and Amerindian genetic ancestry components on Brazilian health outcomes
Authors: Pereira Fabiana dos Santos Carolino Firmo , Guimarães Raphael Mendonça , Lucidi Alexandre Ramos , Brum Doralina Guimarães , Paiva Carmen Lucia Antão , Alvarenga Regina Maria Papais
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Metabolic and Addiction Indices in Patients on Opioid Agonist Medication-Assisted Treatment: A Comparison of Buprenorphine and Methadone
Authors: Elman Igor , Howard Margaret , Borodovsky Jacob T. , Mysels David , Rott David , Borsook David , Albanese Mark
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Sparse estimation of mutual information landscapes quantifies information transmission through cellular biochemical reaction networks
Authors: Sarkar Swarnavo , Tack Drew , Ross David
Published: April 2020

Measuring information transmission from stimulus to response is useful for evaluating the signaling fidelity of biochemical reaction networks (BRNs) in cells. Quantification of information transmission can reveal the optimal input stimuli environment for a BRN and the rate at which the signaling fidelity decreases for non-optimal input probability distributions. Here we present sparse estimation of mutual information landscapes (SEMIL), a method to quantify information transmission through cellular BRNs using commonly available data for single-cell gene expression output, across a design space of possible input distributions. We validate SEMIL and use it to analyze several engineered cellular sensing systems to demonstrate the impact of reaction pathways and rate constants on mutual information landscapes.
Correction: Gold alloy-based nanozyme sensor arrays for biothiol detection
Authors: Lin Junshu , Wang Quan , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhu Yunyao , Zhou Xi , Wei Hui
Published: April 2020

Correction for ‘Gold alloy-based nanozyme sensor arrays for biothiol detection’ by Junshu Lin et al., Analyst, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0an00451k.
Self-assembly of isotropic colloids into colloidal strings, Bernal spiral-like, and tubular clusters
Authors: Guo Yong , van Ravensteijn Bas G. P. , Kegel Willem K.
Published: April 2020

Colloidal strings, Bernal spiral-like, and tubular clusters comprising isotropic colloids are formed in an aqueous environment by competing interactions.
In situformation and immobilization of gold nanoparticles on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) exhibiting catalase-mimetic activity
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yang Kun-Lin
Published: April 2020

We used needles to prepare immobilized AuNPs on the surface of PDMSin situwith catalase-mimetic activity.
Electronic origin of negative thermal expansion in V2OPO4
Authors: Pachoud Elise , Cumby James , Wright Jon , Raguž Branimir , Glaum Robert , Attfield J. Paul
Published: April 2020

Unusual negative thermal expansion in V2OPO4 is discovered to arise from phase coexistence around the charge ordering transition at 605 K.
Eutectic crystallized FePd nanoparticles for liquid metal magnet
Authors: Shao Zefan , An Lu , Li Zheng , Huang Yulong , Hu Yong , Ren Shenqiang
Published: April 2020

A liquid metal magnet achieved by eutectic-grown FePd nanoparticles in a gallium liquid metal medium.
Sr4Pb1.5Sb5O5Se8: a new mid-infrared nonlinear optical material with a moderate SHG response
Authors: Wang Yang , Luo Mengjia , Zhao Pei , Che Xiangli , Cao Yunzhen , Huang Fuqiang
Published: April 2020

The crystal structure and second-harmonic generation response of the new nonlinear optical material, Sr4Pb1.5Sb5O5Se8, were examined.
Design, screening, and properties of novel solvates of azoxystrobin based on isomorphism
Authors: Shi Zhi-Ping , Ren Guo-Bin , Qi Ming-Hui , Li Zhong , Xu Xiao-Yong
Published: April 2020

The molecular size of the solvent is important for the formation of isomorphic azoxystrobin solvates.
The effects of deuteration-levels in solution and temperature on the segregation coefficient of the deuterium content in rapid-grown K(DxH1−x)2PO4 crystals via Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Jinxin , Wang Zongqi , Teng Bing , Liu Hong , Zheng Xixi , Ji Shaohua
Published: April 2020

The correlation between the deuterium segregation coefficient and temperature, and the deuterium content in a solution was studied for the first time.
High-throughput experimentation meets artificial intelligence: a new pathway to catalyst discovery
Authors: McCullough Katherine , Williams Travis , Mingle Kathleen , Jamshidi Pooyan , Lauterbach Jochen
Published: April 2020

High throughput experimentation in heterogeneous catalysis provides an efficient solution to the generation of large datasets under reproducible conditions.
Predicted CsSi compound: a promising material for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Du Yonghui , Li Wenjing , Zurek Eva , Gao Lili , Cui Xiangyue , Zhang Miao , Liu Hanyu , Tian Yuanye , Zhang Songbo , Zhang Dandan
Published: April 2020

The structure of I4̄-CsSi, a potential photovoltatic material and precursor of a superconducting silicon allotrope.
The role of temperature and adsorbate on negative gas adsorption transitions of the mesoporous metal–organic framework DUT-49
Authors: Krause Simon , Evans Jack D. , Bon Volodymyr , Senkovska Irena , Coudert François-Xavier , Többens Daniel M. , Wallacher Dirk , Grimm Nico , Kaskel Stefan
Published: April 2020

Adsorption-induced contraction and negative gas adsorption in the mesoporous metal–organic framework DUT-49 for different gases and temperatures.
Nanocrystal synthesis, μfluidic sample dilution and direct extraction of single emission linewidths in continuous flow
Authors: Lignos Ioannis , Utzat Hendrik , Bawendi Moungi G. , Jensen Klavs F.
Published: April 2020

We present a flow-based system coupled with an optical interferometry setup for the extraction of single nanocrystal properties.
Investigation of the impact of magnesiumversustitanium implants on protein composition in osteoblast by label free quantification
Authors: Omidi M , Ahmad Agha N , Müller A , Feyerabend F , Helmholz H , Willumeit-Römer R , Schlüter H , Luthringer-Feyerabend B J C
Published: April 2020

Metallic implant biomaterials predominate in orthopaedic surgery. Compared to titanium-based permanent implants, magnesium-based ones offer new possibilities as they possess mechanical properties closer to the ones of bones and they are biodegradable. Furthermore, magnesium is more and more considered to be “bioactive” i.e., able to elicit a specific tissue response or to strengthen the intimate contact between the implant and the osseous tissue. Indeed, several studies demonstrated the overall beneficial effect of magnesium-based materials on bone tissue (in vivo and in vitro). Here, the direct effects of titanium and magnesium on osteoblasts were measured on proteomes levels in order to highlight metal-specific and relevant proteins. Out of 2100 identified proteins, only 10 and 81 differentially regulated proteins, compare to the control, were isolated for titanium and magnesium samples, respectively. Selected ones according to their relationship to bone tissue were further discussed. Most of them were involved in extracellular matrix maturation and remodelling (two having a negative effect on mineralisation). A fine-tuned balanced between osteoblast maturation, differentiation and viability was observed.
Oxygen sensitive 1-amino-2-naphthol immobilized functionalized-carbon nanotube electrode
Authors: Jain Vanshika , Gurusamy Tamilselvi , Gayathri Prakasam , Ramanujam Kothandaraman
Published: April 2020

Immobilization of 1-amino-2napthol (AN) is enhanced complexing with Cu2+on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNT) surface. Oxygen is reduced at the ligand (AN) site into water, therefore AN–Cu2+immobilized on MWCNT exhibits oxygen sensing.
Self-supported molybdenum doping Ni3S2 nanoneedles as efficient bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Li Jinhui , Yang Zhi , Lin Yu , Wang Jinlei , Jiao Feixiang , Gong Yaqiong
Published: April 2020

The as-obtained grass-like Ni3S2/NF-3 nanoneedle electrode exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance and extraordinary durability for the OER, the HER, and overall water splitting.
Ti-Mesh supported porous CoS2 nanosheet self-interconnected networks with high oxidation states for efficient hydrogen production via urea electrolysis
Authors: Jiang Yu , Gao Shanshan , Liu Jinling , Xu Gongchen , Jia Qiang , Chen Fushan , Song Xiaoming
Published: April 2020

Porous CoS2 nanosheet networks with high oxidation states are successfully fabricated on a Ti-mesh and could be applied to urea decomposition.
Spiroconyone A, a new phytosterol with a spiro [5,6] ring system from Conyza japonica
Authors: Xiao Long-Gao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Hong-Li , Li Ding , Gu Qiong , Tang Gui-Hua , Yu Qian , An Lin-Kun
Published: April 2020

The first rearranged phytosterol (spiroconyone A) with an unusual spiro [5,6] ring system and two new TDP1 inhibitors 7 and 10 showing a strong synergistic effect with topotecan were isolated from Conyza japonica.
Acylation of oxindoles using methyl/phenyl estersviathe mixed Claisen condensation – an access to 3-alkylideneoxindoles
Authors: Sreedharan Ramdas , Rajeshwaran Purushothaman , Panyam Pradeep Kumar Reddy , Yadav Saurabh , Nagaraja C. M. , Gandhi Thirumanavelan
Published: April 2020

A straightforward protocol to acylate oxindoles using methyl and phenyl esters mediated by LiHMDS and KOtBu respectivelyviathe mixed Claisen condensation under mild reaction conditions.
Comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of near infrared absorbing copolymers based on dithienosilole
Authors: Brymora Katarzyna , Khelifi Wissem , Awada Hussein , Blanc Sylvie , Hirsch Lionel , Bousquet Antoine , Lartigau-Dagron Christine , Castet Frédéric
Published: April 2020

A new conjugated copolymer with alternating dithienosilole and thienoisoindigo units displays improved near-infrared absorption compared to previously reported dithienosilole-based copolymers.
Cancer cell discrimination and dynamic viability monitoring through wash-free bioimaging using AIEgens
Authors: Zhang Ruoyao , Niu Guangle , Lu Qing , Huang Xiaolin , Chau Joe H. C. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Yu Xiaoqiang , Li Min-Hui , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2020

We present a series of AIEgens for cancer cell discrimination and dynamic viability monitoring.
Gut microbiota in coronary artery disease: a friend or foe?
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wang Xinxin , Xia Ran , Li Chunsheng
Published: April 2020

There is a growing interest in the role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including coronary artery diseases (CAD). Gut microorganisms may produce beneficial effects in myocardial ischemia either directly in the form of exogenous administration or indirectly by acting on fiber-rich food to produce important cardioprotective components. The harmful effects of gut microbiota in CAD are due to alteration in their composition with a significant decrease in Bacteroidetes and an increase in Firmicutes, Escherichia, Shigella, and Enterococcus. The altered microbiota may produce potentially toxic metabolites, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Indeed, the fasting plasma levels of TMAO are directly correlated to increased risk of major cardiovascular events in CAD patients, and it is proposed as a potential biomarker to predict the onset of major cardiovascular events. It is concluded that the change in the composition of gut microbiota in CAD patients may predispose to more harmful effects. However, exogenous delivery of probiotics may overcome the detrimental effects of myocardial ischemia.
A family portrait of disk inner rims around Herbig Ae/Be stars
Authors: Kluska J. , Berger J.-P. , Malbet F. , Lazareff B. , Benisty M. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Absil O. , Baron F. , Delboulbé A. , Duvert G. , Isella A. , Jocou L. , Juhasz A. , Kraus S. , Lachaume R. , Ménard F. , Millan-Gabet R. , Monnier J. D. , Moulin T. , Perraut K. , Rochat S. , Pinte C. , Soulez F. , Tallon M. , Thi W.-F. , Thiébaut E. , Traub W. , Zins G.
Published: April 2020

Context. The innermost astronomical unit (au) in protoplanetary disks is a key region for stellar and planet formation, as exoplanet searches have shown a large occurrence of close-in planets that are located within the first au around their host star.

Aims. We aim to reveal the morphology of the disk inner rim using near-infrared interferometric observations with milli-arcsecond resolution provided by near-infrared multitelescope interferometry.

Methods. We provide model-independent reconstructed images of 15 objects selected from the Herbig AeBe survey carried out with PIONIER at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer, using the semi-parametric approach for image reconstruction of chromatic objects. We propose a set of methods to reconstruct and analyze the images in a consistent way.

Results. We find that 40% of the systems (6/15) are centrosymmetric at the angular resolution of the observations. For the rest of the objects, we find evidence for asymmetric emission due to moderate-to-strong inclination of a disk-like structure for ~30% of the objects (5/15) and noncentrosymmetric morphology due to a nonaxisymmetric and possibly variable environment (4/15, ~27%). Among the systems with a disk-like structure, 20% (3/15) show a resolved dust-free cavity. Finally, we do not detect extended emission beyond the inner rim.

Conclusions. The image reconstruction process is a powerful tool to reveal complex disk inner rim morphologies, which is complementary to the fit of geometrical models. At the angular resolution reached by near-infrared interferometric observations, most of the images are compatible with a centrally peaked emission (no cavity). For the most resolved targets, image reconstruction reveals morphologies that cannot be reproduced by generic parametric models (e.g., perturbed inner rims or complex brightness distributions). Moreover, the nonaxisymmetric disks show that the spatial resolution probed by optical interferometers makes the observations of the near-infrared emission (inside a few au) sensitive to temporal evolution with a time-scale down to a few weeks. The evidence of nonaxisymmetric emission that cannot be explained by simple inclination and radiative transfer effects requires alternative explanations, such as a warping of the inner disks. Interferometric observations can therefore be used to follow the evolution of the asymmetry of those disks at an au or sub-au scale.
Development of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the identification of lice isolated from farm animals
Authors: Ouarti Basma , Laroche Maureen , Righi Souad , Meguini Mohamed Nadir , Benakhla Ahmed , Raoult Didier , Parola Philippe
Published: April 2020

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is now routinely used for the rapid identification of microorganisms isolated from clinical samples and has been recently successfully applied to the identification of arthropods. In the present study, this proteomics tool was used to identify lice collected from livestock and poultry in Algeria. The MALDI-TOF MS spectra of 408 adult specimens were measured for 14 species, includingBovicola bovis, B. ovis, B. caprae, Haematopinus eurysternus, Linognathus africanus, L. vituli, Solenopotes capillatus,Menacanthus stramineus,Menopon gallinae, Chelopistes meleagridis,Goniocotes gallinae,Goniodes gigas, Lipeurus caponisand laboratory rearedPediculus humanus corporis. Good quality spectra were obtained for 305 samples. Spectral analysis revealed intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity that were consistent with the morphological classification. A blind test of 248 specimens was performed against the in-lab database upgraded with new spectra and validated using molecular tools. With identification percentages ranging from 76% to 100% alongside high identification scores (mean = 2.115), this study proposes MALDI-TOF MS as an effective tool for discriminating lice species.
Equations of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Mixtures for Helium-4, Neon, and Argon
Authors: Tkaczuk Jakub , Bell Ian H. , Lemmon Eric W. , Luchier Nicolas , Millet François
Published: April 2020

Based on the conceptual design reports for the Future Circular Collider cryogenic system, the need for more accurate thermodynamic property models of cryogenic mixtures of noble gases was identified. Both academic institutes and industries have identified the lack of a reliable equation of state for mixtures used at very low temperatures. Detailed cryogenic architecture modeling and design cannot be carried out without accurate fluid properties. Therefore, the helium–neon equation was the first goal of this work, and it was further extended to other fluids beneficial for scientific and industrial applications beyond the particle physics needs. The properties of the noble gas mixtures of helium–neon, neon–argon, and helium–argon are accurately modeled with the equations of state explicit in the Helmholtz energy.
Compact single-shot electro-optic detection system for THz pulses with femtosecond time resolution at MHz repetition rates
Authors: Steffen B. , Gerth Ch. , Caselle M. , Felber M. , Kozak T. , Makowski D. R. , Mavrič U. , Mielczarek A. , Peier P. , Przygoda K. , Rota L.
Published: April 2020

Electro-optical detection has proven to be a valuable technique to study temporal profiles of THz pulses with pulse durations down to femtoseconds. As the Coulomb field around a relativistic electron bunch resembles the current profile, electro-optical detection can be exploited for non-invasive bunch length measurements at accelerators. We have developed a very compact and robust electro-optical detection system based on spectral decoding for single-shot longitudinal bunch profile monitoring at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) for electron bunch lengths down to 200 fs (rms). Apart from the GaP crystal and the corresponding laser optics at the electron beamline, all components are housed in 19 in. chassis for rack mount and remote operation inside the accelerator tunnel. An advanced laser synchronization scheme based on radio-frequency down-conversion has been developed for locking a custom-made Yb-fiber laser to the radio-frequency of the European XFEL accelerator. In order to cope with the high bunch repetition rate of the superconducting accelerator, a novel linear array detector has been employed for spectral measurements of the Yb-fiber laser pulses at frame rates of up to 2.26 MHz. In this paper, we describe all sub-systems of the electro-optical detection system as well as the measurement procedure in detail and discuss the first measurement results of longitudinal bunch profiles of around 400 fs (rms) with an arrival-time jitter of 35 fs (rms).
Diamagnetic-like response from localized heating of a paramagnetic material
Authors: Mattoni Giordano , Yonezawa Shingo , Maeno Yoshiteru
Published: April 2020

In the search of material properties out-of-equilibrium, the non-equilibrium steady states induced by electric current are an appealing research direction where unconventional states may emerge. However, the unavoidable Joule heating caused by flowing current calls for the development of new measurement protocols, with particular attention to the physical properties of the background materials involved. Here, we demonstrate that localized heating can give rise to a large, spurious diamagnetic-like signal. This occurs due to the local reduction of the background magnetization caused by the heated sample, provided that the background material has a Curie-like susceptibility. Our experimental results, along with numerical calculations, constitute an important building block for performing accurate magnetic measurements under the flow of electric current.
The electric pulses induced multi-resistance states in the hysteresis temperature range of 1T-TaS2 and 1T-TaS1.6Se0.4
Authors: Ma Yongchang , Wu Dong , Lu Cuimin , Petrovic Cedomir
Published: April 2020

The electric pulse-induced responses of 1T-TaS2 and 1T-TaS1.6Se0.4 crystals in the commensurate charge-density-wave (CCDW) phase in the hysteresis temperature range have been investigated. We observed that abrupt multi-steps of the resistance are excited by electric pulses at a fixed temperature forming multi-metastable like states. We propose that the response of the system corresponds to the rearrangements of the textures of CCDW domains and the multi-resistance states or the nonvolatile resistance properties excited simply by electric pulses have profound significance for the exploration of solid-state devices.
From Implausible Artificial Neurons to Idealized Cognitive Models: Rebooting Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Stinson Catherine
Published: April 2020

There is a vast literature within philosophy of mind that focuses on artificial intelligence but hardly mentions methodological questions. There is also a growing body of work in philosophy of science about modeling methodology that hardly mentions examples from cognitive science. Here these discussions are connected. Insights developed in the philosophy of science literature about the importance of idealization provide a way of understanding the neural implausibility of connectionist networks. Insights from neurocognitive science illuminate how relevant similarities between models and targets are picked out, how modeling inferences are justified, and the metaphysical status of models.
Towards smooth (010) β-Ga2O3 films homoepitaxially grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy: the impact of substrate offcut and metal-to-oxygen flux ratio
Authors: Mazzolini P , Bierwagen O
Published: April 2020

Smooth interfaces and surfaces are beneficial for most (opto)electronic devices that are based on thin films and their heterostructures. For example, smoother interfaces in (010) β-Ga2O3/(AlxGa1-x)2O3 heterostructures, whose roughness is ruled by that of the β-Ga2O3 layer, can enable higher mobility 2-dimensional electron gases by reducing interface roughness scattering. To this end we experimentally prove that a substrate offcut along the [001] direction allows to obtain smooth β-Ga2O3 layers in (010)-homoepitaxy under metal-rich deposition conditions. Applying In-mediated metal-exchange catalysis (MEXCAT) in molecular beam epitaxy at high substrate temperatures (Tg = 900 °C) we compare the morphology of layers grown on (010)-oriented substrates having different unintentional offcuts. The layer roughness is generally ruled by (i) the presence of (110)- and

1
ˉ

10

-facets visible as elongated features along the [001] direction (rms < 0.5 nm), and (ii) the presence of trenches (5–10 nm deep) orthogonal to [001]. We show that an unintentional substrate offcut of only ≈ 0.1° almost oriented along the [001] direction suppresses these trenches resulting in a smooth morphology with a roughness exclusively determined by the facets, i.e. rms ≈ 0.2 nm. Since we found the facet-and-trench morphology in layer grown by MBE with and without MEXCAT, we propose that the general growth mechanism for (010)-homoepitaxy is ruled by island growth whose coalescence results in the formation of the trenches. The presence of a substrate offcut in the [001] direction can allow for step-flow growth or island nucleation at the step edges, which prevents the formation of trenches. Moreover, we give experimental evidence for a decreasing surface diffusion length or increasing nucleation density on the substrate surface with decreasing metal-to-oxygen flux ratio. Based on our experimental results we can rule-out step bunching as cause of the trench formation as well as a surfactant-effect of indium during MEXCAT.
α ↔ γ phase transformation in iron: comparative study of the influence of the interatomic interaction potential
Authors: Meiser Jerome , Urbassek Herbert M
Published: April 2020

Only few available interatomic interaction potentials implement the α ↔ γ phase transformation in iron by featuring a stable low-temperature bcc and high-temperature fcc lattice structure. Among these are the potentials by Meyer and Entel (1998 Phys. Rev. B
57 5140), by Müller et al (2007 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
19 326220) and by Lee et al (2012 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
24 225404). We study how these potentials model the phase transformation during heating and cooling; in order to help initiating the transformation, the simulation volume contains a grain boundary. For the martensitic transformation occurring on cooling an fcc structure, we additionally study two potentials that only implement a stable bcc structure of iron, by Zhou et al (2004 Phys. Rev. B
69 144113) and by Mendelev et al (2003 Philos. Mag.
83 3977). We find that not only the transition temperature depends on the potential, but that also the height of the energy barrier between fcc and bcc phase governs whether the transformation takes place at all. In addition, details of the emerging microstructure depend on the potential, such as the fcc/hcp fraction formed in the α → γ transformation, or the twinning induced in and the lattice orientation of the bcc phase in the γ → α transformation.
Vapor phase processing: a novel approach for fabricating functional hybrid materials
Authors: Ashurbekova Ka , Ashurbekova Kr , Botta G , Yurkevich O , Knez M
Published: April 2020

Materials science is nowadays facing challenges in optimizing properties of materials which are needed for numerous technological applications and include, but are not limited to, mechanics, electronics, optics, etc. The key issue is that for emerging applications materials are needed which incorporate certain properties from polymers or biopolymers and metals or ceramics at the same time, thus fabrication of functional hybrid materials becomes inevitable. Routes for the synthesis of functional hybrid materials can be manifold. Among the explored routes vapor phase processing is a rather novel approach which opts for compatibility with many existing industrial processes. This topical review summarizes the most important approaches and achievements in the synthesis of functional hybrid materials through vapor phase routes with the goal to fabricate suitable hybrid materials for future mechanical, electronic, optical or biomedical applications. Most of the approaches rely on atomic layer deposition (ALD) and techniques related to this process, including molecular layer deposition (MLD) and vapor phase infiltration (VPI), or variations of chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The thus fabricated hybrid materials or nanocomposites often show exceptional physical or chemical properties, which result from synergies of the hybridized materials families. Even though the research in this field is still in its infancy, the initial results encourage further development and promise great application potential in a large variety of applications fields such as flexible electronics, energy conversion or storage, functional textile, and many more.
Dynamics impose limits to detectability of network structure
Authors: Asllani Malbor , da Cunha Bruno Requião , Estrada Ernesto , Gleeson James P
Published: April 2020

Networks are universally considered as complex structures of interactions of large multi-component systems. To determine the role that each node has inside a complex network, several centrality measures have been developed. Such topological features are also crucial for their role in the dynamical processes occurring in networked systems. In this paper, we argue that the dynamical activity of the nodes may strongly reshape their relevance inside the network, making centrality measures in many cases, misleading. By proposing a generalisation of the communicability function, we show that when the dynamics taking place at the local level of the node is slower than the global one between the nodes, then the system may lose track of the structural features. On the contrary, hidden global properties such as the shortest path distances can be recovered only in the limit where network-level dynamics are negligible compared to node-level dynamics. From the perspective of network inference, this constitutes an uncertainty condition, in the sense that it limits the extraction of multi-resolution information about the structure, particularly in the presence of noise. For illustration purposes, we show that for networks with different time-scale structures such as strong modularity, the existence of fast global dynamics can imply that precise inference of the community structure is impossible.
A reverse Minkowski-type inequality
Authors: Böröczky Károly , Hug Daniel
Published: April 2020

The famous Minkowski inequality provides a sharp lower bound for the mixed volume

V
(
K
,
M
[
n
−
1
]
)

V(K,M[n-1])

of two convex bodies

K
,
M
⊂

R

n

K,M\subset \mathbb {R}^n

in terms of powers of the volumes of the individual bodies

K
K

and

M
M

. The special case where

K
K

is the unit ball yields the isoperimetric inequality. In the plane, Betke and Weil (1991) found a sharp upper bound for the mixed area of

K
K

and

M
M

in terms of the perimeters of

K
K

and

M
M

. We extend this result to general dimensions by proving a sharp upper bound for the mixed volume

V
(
K
,
M
[
n
−
1
]
)

V(K,M[n-1])

in terms of the mean width of

K
K

and the surface area of

M
M

. The equality case is completely characterized. In addition, we establish a stability improvement of this and related geometric inequalities of isoperimetric-type.
Decidability of flow equivalence and isomorphism problems for graph C*-algebras and quiver representations
Authors: Boyle Mike , Steinberg Benjamin
Published: April 2020

We note that the deep results of Grunewald and Segal on algorithmic problems for arithmetic groups imply the decidability of several matrix equivalence problems involving poset-blocked matrices over Z (the integers). Consequently, results of Eilers, Restorff, Ruiz and Sørensen imply that isomorphism and stable isomorphism of unital graph C*-algebras (including the Cuntz-Krieger algebras) are decidable. One can also decide flow equivalence for shifts of finite type and isomorphism of Z-quiver representations (i.e., finite diagrams of homomorphisms of finitely generated abelian groups).