bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of zinc levels on clinical and inflammatory factors, and renal prognosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Li Bing , Zhu Xin , Luo Yu , Wei Ping , Li Cui , Luo Ping , Du Bing
Published: August 2023

Background/Objectives:
Our study aimed to investigate the correlation of plasma zinc (Zn)with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), non-classical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN༉and explored the potential impact of Zn levels on clinical, inflammatory responses and renal prognosis in DN patients.
Subjects/Methods:
We selected 45 patients who were definitively diagnosed with DN by renal biopsy in our hospital from 2019 to 2021, and recruited 25 healthy individuals from the physical examination center as controls. The correlation between Zn and serum Nrf2, TNF-α, and NF-κB levels were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. In addition, patients were further divided into low- and high-Zn groups to observe the differences in clinical indicators, identify the expression of inflammatory-related factors in renal tissue. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to draw survival curves to predict the impact of related indicators on renal prognosis.
Results
We found that blood Zn and Nrf2 levels in patients with DN were significantly lower, while TNF-α, and NF-κB levels were significantly higher than those in patients without DN. Zn correlated positively with Nrf2 levels and negatively with TNF-α and NF-κB levels. In addition, patients with high Zn levels had higher expression of Nrf2, and lower expression levels of TNF-α and NF-κB in renal tissue, and had better prognosis compared with patients with low Zn levels.
Conclusions
We demonstrated that Zn had a protective effect on DN, and it may affect the inflammatory response.
Metabolic syndrome in rural area in the northern regions of the Republic of the Congo
Authors: Mbolla Bertrand Ellenga , Monabeka Marie Gaby , Landa Christian Michel Kouala , Bakekolo Rog Paterne , Bassakouahou Jospin Karel Makani , Ngamami Solange Flore Mongo , Monabeka Henri Germain
Published: August 2023

Introduction: prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is increasing in low-income countries. The association of cardiometabolic risk factors including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, hyperglycaemia and central obesity define metabolic syndrome (MS). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MS among rural population in Republic of the Congo. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st May to 15th June 2019 (45 days), in six rural towns and villages, located in two Department of northern Congo. Screening made possible the collect of socio-demographic, clinical and biological data. Portable devices helped to carry out blood tests. The definitions of MS were those of NCEP-ATPIII, IDF 2006 and IDF central Africa . Results:a total of 609 subjects/participants were involved/recruited, including 371 women (61%). The mean age of participants was 45 ± 15.3 years (range: 18 and 85). The risk factors were reported in Table 1. Identified anomalies according IDF central Africa were: high waist circumference (n = 327, 53.7%), systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mm Hg (n = 255, 42%), diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mm Hg (n = 200, 32.8%), serum triglycerides ≥ 1.5 g/L (n = 96, 15.8%), low HDL cholesterol < 0.5 g/L (n = 226, 37.1%) and fasting blood glucose ≥ 1 g/L (n = 134, 22%). The prevalence of MS were: according to NCEP-ATPIII 27.1%, IDF 2006 32.7% and IDF Central Africa 31.2%. After adjusting MS was associated with age over 45 years, informal professional activities, treated hypertension, untreated hypertension, and untreated diabetes. Conclusion: the prevalence of MS is worrying in rural areas of Republic of Congo. Effective management of patients is needed in order to limit the occurrence of complications. Screening for MS extended to the entire territory of the country will make it possible to obtain more real data on this anomaly in Congo.
Research on Factors Affecting Online Learning Stickiness among College Students from the Perspective of NAM-TPB Integration
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Tan Yaxin , Wei Yuanqing , Zhou Lei
Published: August 2023

With the rise of digitalization in the post-pandemic era, online learning among college students has become increasingly common. However, stu-dents' participation in online learning has been hindered by low efficiency and poor sustainability, which have negatively impacted their learning out-comes. This study examines the factors influencing the stickiness of online learning among college students from the perspectives of moral responsibil-ity, psychology, and society, using the integrated framework of the Norm Activation Model (NAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A sur-vey questionnaire with 25 measurement items was constructed based on the NAM and TPB integrated model as the theoretical framework to collect data on students' online learning, and a structural equation model was built to explore the factors influencing the stickiness of online learning among col-lege students in Henan province. The results show that: (1) personal norms have a significant direct positive effect on the stickiness of online learning, as revealed by the hypothesized path analysis; (2) subjective norms have a significant indirect effect on personal norms through responsibility attribu-tion, as revealed by the mediation analysis; and (3) responsibility attribution is the most important influencing factor, as revealed by the analysis of di-rect, indirect, and total effects. Based on the research findings, it is recom-mended to cultivate students' belief and moral responsibility in online learn-ing, and to guide them to actively take learning responsibility and prevent learning fatigue.
Next generation RNA sequencing analysis of nuclear grapevines to identify viruses and viroids
Authors: Morgan Seamus , Burger Johan T. , Pietersen Gerhard
Published: August 2023

The use of next generation sequencing technology has allowed for greater elucidation of viruses infecting grapevine, which number more than 85. Many of these viruses can result in disease symptoms and it is therefore vital to the industry that they be supplied with healthy plant material. This is done through grapevine certification schemes. In this study, 97 nuclear grapevine vines subjected to a virus elimination process and maintained in vector-free conditions, were subjected to total RNA sequencing using the Ion-Torrent platform to determine the presence of viruses and viroids. In total, five virus species, four viroid species, and a further putative viroid species were identified in these nuclear grapevines through NGS analysis and confirmed using RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Grapevine Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus was identified in six nuclear accessions, while grapevine fleck virus, grapevine Syrah virus, grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4, and grapevine Rupestris vein feathering virus were identified in one nuclear accession each. Viroids were identified in 73 of the 97 nuclear accessions, with hop stunt viroid present in 63 of the 97 samples followed by grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1, present in 52 of the 97 samples, grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2, present in 17 of the 97 samples, Australian grapevine viroid present in three of the 97 samples and grapevine hammerhead viroid-like RNA was identified in two of the 97 samples. These findings suggest that some viruses, especially GRSPaV, and viroids are recalcitrant to currently employed virus elimination techniques, and how advantageous the use of NGS is to grapevine certification schemes.
Double Lung Transplantation Is Better Than Single Lung Transplantation for End- stage Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Fang Yu-Chi , Cheng Wen-Hsin , Lu Hung-I , Wang Yi-Shi , Chuang Kai-Hao , Lai Hsing-Hua , Chen Yu , Chen Li-Chun , Tsai Meng-Yun , Chang Yu-Ping , Huang Kuo-Tung , Lo Chien-Ming
Published: August 2023

Background
Lung transplantation is one of the most common treatment options for patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the debate of whether single or double lung transplantation should be performed for these patients persists. We, therefore, performed a systematic search for studies on single lung transplantation, double lung transplantation, and COPD in the search engine of the medical database.
Methods
The rate ratio and hazard ratio of survival were analyzed. The meta-analysis included 15 case control and retrospective registry studies.
Results
The analysis showed a lower rate ratio in single lung transplantation in the 3-year (0.937 and P = 0.041) and 5-year (0.775 and P = 0.000) survival than in double lung transplantation. However, the hazard ratio did not show a significant difference between the two methods.
Conclusions
Double lung transplantation was found to benefit better than single lung transplantation in terms of long-term survival in patients with COPD.
The Effect of STAS Positivity in Lung Cancer
Authors: INAN MERVE ŞENGÜL , İNAN Kubilay , CELIK İlknur Aytekin , KARAOGLANOGLU Nurettin
Published: August 2023

Aim of study:
The spread through air spaces (STAS) phenomenon, which describes the presence of tumor cells in the air spaces of lung cancer, has been associated with an increased risk of local recurrence. We performed retrospective analyses to examine the presence of STAS and to evaluate its clinical results and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 149 surgically resected lung cancer cases were analyzed retrospectively. Detailed analyses were performed on demographic- radiological-clinical-histological features.
Results:
The mean age of the patients was 63 (IQR = 11; range, 22–81), among whom 31 were female and 118 were male. The incidence of STAS was not different between the histological groups (p = 0.427). There was no difference between SUVmax value in STAS-positive and negative patients (p = 0.970). The recurrence rate, survival, and median tumor size were not different from each other in the STAS-positive and STAS-negative groups (p = 1,000, p = 0.086, p = 0.292, respectively).
Conclusion:
STAS is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. Therefore, it may be possible to provide more personalized information by using clinicopathological markers that will facilitate preoperative prediction of STAS presence.
Impact of ROIs Delineation Strategies on the Performance of Artificial Intelligence-Aided COVID-19 Screening Algorithms
Authors: Zhu Wenchao , Huang Dingpin , Lou Kaihua , Xu Fangyi , Chen Chao , Wang Dawei , Tan Weixiong , Chen Weidao , Chen Qingqing , Zhou Yong , Liu Yongjiu , Wang Bing , Zhang Xiaoguo , Zhang Zhongfa , Zhang Jianjun , Sun Mingxia , Zhang Guohua , Dai Guojiao , Hu Hongjie
Published: August 2023

Purpose
To compare the effects of different annotation strategies on the performance of Radiomics models in identifying COVID-19.
Methods
A total of 775 CT scans were retrospectively collected from 5 hospitals in China between Jan 19 and Mar 26, 2020, including 310 COVID-19 scans and 465 other community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) scans. Coarse annotation which labels the major lesions on certain CT slides and fine annotation which delineates the contour of lesions on each slide was performed on CT images. Four feature selection methods and four machine learning algorithms were then applied in combinations to develop Radiomics models on different sizes of datasets, including small (56 CT scans) and large (56 + 489 CT scans). Model performance was evaluated by ROC curve, PR curve, and other diagnostic metrics on an external test set. Statistical analyses were performed with Chi-square tests and DeLong Test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Differences between coarse and fine annotated data were quantitatively analyzed by a Dice index of 0.689, an average Hausdorff distance of 3.7%, and an average volume difference of 5.8%. Inaccurate segmentations were observed in coarse annotated images, including relatively smaller ROI and missed delineation of ground-glass opacity. In addition, more abundant features were extracted from fine annotated images in categories of FirstOrder, GLSZM, and GLCM features. With regard to model performance, fine annotation enabled an over better performance of Radiomics models while enlarged dataset size could remedy the influence of coarse annotation. Meanwhile, models trained on large datasets displayed more stable performance on all selection methods and algorithm combinations. Among them, L1-LR-MLP was selected as the optimal combination for modeling. In particular, SDFine, SDRough, LDFine, and LDRough datasets developed L1-LR-MLP models achieved the AUROC of 0.864,0.707, 0.904, and 0.899, and the AUPR of 0.888, 0.714, 0.934 and 0.896, respectively, on the external dataset.
Conclusions
Fine annotation generally enables a better model performance in the identification of COVID-19 while the efficient coarse annotation strategy could also be applied to achieve the equivalent diagnostic performance by expanding the training dataset, especially in urgent scenarios. L1-LR-MLP displayed great potential to be applied for establishing COVID-19 identification models.
Pendant 3-Tree Connectivity of Augmented Cubes
Authors: Mane Smruti , Kandekar Smita
Published: August 2023

The Steiner tree problems in graphs attended widely because of its applications in network design or circuit layout. Given a set $S$ of vertices, $|S| \geq 2,$ a tree connecting all vertices of $S$ is called an $S$-Steiner tree (tree connecting $S$). The reliability of a network $G$ to connect any $S$ vertices ($|S|$ number of vertices) in $G$ can be measured by this parameter. For an $S$-Steiner tree, if the degree of each vertex in $S$ is equal to one, then that tree is called a pendant S-Steiner tree. Two pendant $S$-Steiner trees $T$ and $T'$ are said to be internally disjoint if $E(T) \cap E(T') = \emptyset$ and $V(T) \cap V(T') = S.$ The local pendant tree-connectivity $\tau_{G}(S)$ is the maximum number of internally disjoint pendant $S$-Steiner trees in $G.$ For an integer $k$ with $2 \leq k \leq n,$ the pendant k-tree-connectivity is defined as $\tau_{k}(G) = min\{ \tau_{G}(S) : S \subseteq V(G), |S| = k\}.$ In this paper, we study the pendant $3$-tree connectivity of Augmented cubes which are modification of hypercubes invented to increase the connectivity and decrease the diameter hence superior to hypercubes. We show that $\tau_3(AQ_n) = 2n-3.$ , which attains the upper bound of $\tau_3(G)$ given by Hager, for $G = AQ_n$.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 05C40, 05C70, 68R10
Ciliate grazing on the bloom-forming microalga Gonyostomum semen
Authors: Bergman Ingrid , Lindström Eva S. , Sassenhagen Ingrid
Published: August 2023

The freshwater raphidophyte Gonyostomum semen forms extensive summer blooms in northern European humic lakes. The development of these blooms might be facilitated by a lack of natural top-down control, as few zooplankton species are able to prey on these large algal cells (up to 100µm) that expel trichocysts upon physical stress. In this study, we describe a small ciliate species (< 17µm) that preys on G. semen by damaging the cell membrane until cytoplasm and organelles spill out. Sequencing of clonal cultures of the ciliate tentatively identified it as the prostomatid species Urotricha pseudofurcata. Grazing experiments illustrated that feeding by U. cf. pseudofurcata can significantly reduce cell concentrations of the microalga. However, differences in cell size and growth rate between two investigated ciliate strains resulted in noticeably different grazing pressure. Environmental sequencing data from five different lakes supported potential interactions between the two species. Urotricha cf. pseudofurcata might, thus, play an important role in aquatic ecosystems that are regularly dominated by G. semen, reducing the abundance of this bloom-forming microalga and enabling transfer of organic carbon to higher trophic levels.
Antioxidant and immunostimulatory effect of heat-treated paraprobiotics Latilactobacillus sakei KU15041 and Latilactobacillus curvatus KU15003
Authors: Hyun Jun-Hyun , Woo Im-Kyung , Kim Kee-Tae , Park Young-Seo , Kang Dae-Kyung , Lee Na-Kyoung , Paik Hyun-Dong
Published: August 2023

The lactic acid bacteria, including Latilactobacillus sakei and Latilactobacillus curvatus, have been widely studied for their preventive and therapeutic effects. In this study, the underlying mechanism of action for the antioxidant and immunostimulatory effects of two strains of heat-treated paraprobiotics was examined. Heat-treated Lact. sakei KU15041 and Lact. curvatus KU15003 showed higher radical scavenging activity in both the 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assays than the commercial probiotic strain LGG. In addition, treatment with these two strains exhibited immunostimulatory effects in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with Lact. curvatus KU15003 showing a slightly higher effect. Additionally, they promoted phagocytosis and NO production in RAW 264.7 cells without any cytotoxicity. Moreover, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 was upregulated. These strains resulted in an increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, the nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways were stimulated by these strains. These findings suggest the potential of using Lact. sakei KU15041 and Lact. curvatus KU15003 in food or by themselves as probiotics with antioxidant and immune-enhancing properties.
Associations of residential greenness exposure during early pregnancy with the risk of spontaneous abortion: The China Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Cui Yuchen , Gao Shen , Yang Boyi , Lin Lizi , Yue Wentao , Su Shaofei , Zhang Enjie , Liu Jianhui , Xie Shuanghua , Zhang Yue , Zhang Zheng , Liu Ruixia , Dong Guanghui , Yin Chenghong
Published: August 2023

Background
Living in higher greenness level community has many benefits for pregnancy outcomes, however, few research have explored the relationship between greenness and spontaneous abortion (SAB). We aimed to analyze relationships between SAB and community greenness in Chinese pregnant women, and further assessed the modifying effects from air pollutants.
Methods
We studied 90 890 pregnant women from the China Birth Cohort Study from February 2018 to December 2021. We diagnosed SAB by certified obstetricians and gynecologists. The level of exposure to greenness during the first trimester was measured using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI). Particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) were used as proxies of ambient air pollution. Logistic regression models were used to analyses the association between SAB and greenness. We additionally performed subgroup analyses stratified by age, urbanicity, and air pollution levels.
Results
Lower SAB prevalence was related to living in greener places. A 0.1 unit increase in NDVI500m and EVI500m was significantly associated with a 12.0% (95%CI: 8.6%, 15.3%) and 15.4% (95%CI: 10.5%, 19.9%) lower risks of SAB, respectively. In sensitivity analysis, these relationships remained consistent. The associations were stronger among urban dweller, older and participants lived in places with lower NO2 and O3 levels.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate significantly inverse associations between community greenness and SAB in Chinese pregnant women, especially for urban dweller and older, the NO2 and O3 may modify the effects of greenness on SAB.
Long-term performance of Co catalyst and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis setup under realistic conditions
Authors: Čespiva Jakub , Charvát Matěj , Skřínský Jan , Vereš Ján , Ochodek Tadeas
Published: August 2023

Background
Despite the sufficient description of the various catalytic processes, the data sets often lack a long-term oriented approach, thus examining unstable and temporary processes.
Results
In this study, an Al2O3-supported Co catalyst was applied in a small-scale Fischer-Tropsch synthesis under realistic conditions. A long-term performance was examined and evaluated. A tedious stabilisation regime was observed, taking around 78 hours of time-on-stream before the process was stabilised on a greater magnitude. The quantitative analysis showed significant differences in liquid production, where unstable process provided more excellent gas-to-liquid conversion, however, the selectivity of water was significant. The stabilised regime, on the other hand, performed well in terms of hydrocarbon production with 35%wt. share in the product.
Conclusions
This study points out the importance of proper stabilisation in the catalytic processes, which may require reasonable time in pilot and industrial-scale appliances.
Conservation biogeography and diversity of tarantulas in Argentina
Authors: Allegue Maite , Schwerdt Leonela , Ferretti Nelson
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
There is significant concern regarding the impact of many human activities and the subsequent biodiversity loss. Protected areas stand as crucial global conservation tools, their correct selection and design play a key role. The biology characteristics of tarantulas make them vulnerable to fragmentation in time and space, yet they remain underrepresented in ongoing conservation initiatives.
Aims/Methods:
This study seeks an integrative biogeographic approach to conservation by assessing multi-specific distribution patterns, specific richness, and tarantula endemism in Argentina. To achieve this, we performed an endemicity analysis using the optimality criterion and a panbiogeographical approach. Finally, we evaluated the protection degree of the areas obtained with the known protected areas.
Results
The most supported areas of endemism and the richest were found in Southern Andean Yungas and the Atlantic Forest of Alto Paraná. Also, the Valdivian Temperate Forest was recovered as an area of endemism. From panbiogeographic analysis, biogeographic nodes were located in La Rioja, Formosa and Salta provinces. Many of the obtained areas exhibit low or no degree of protection.
Discussion/Conclusion:
There is partial agreement among the different results obtained (species richness, areas of endemism, biogeographic nodes) with previous studies in relation to relevant conservation areas. Some new areas identified are also relevant for tarantula conservation.
Implications for insect conservation:
We propose priority conservation areas of Argentinean tarantulas and emphasize their significance for the persistence of their populations.
Yeni Benzensülfonamitler ve Benzamitlerin Sentezi, Karbonik Anhidraz ve Kolinerjik Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AKINCIOĞLU Akın
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışmada, 1-brom-2,4-dimetoksibenzen (8) ve 1-brom-3,5-dimetoksibenzen (10)’dan çıkılarak yeni benzensülfonamit ve benzamit türevleri sentezlendi. Sentezlenen bileşiklerin hCA-I, hCA-II, AChE ve BChE enzimleri üzerine inhibisyon aktiviteleri araştırıldı. Yeni amit türevleri 9 ve 11’in sentezi çıkış bileşikleri 8 ve 10’un CSI ile olan reaksiyonundan gerçekleştirildi. Metoksi substitue benzenlerin aşırı HSO3Cl ile muamelesi, akabinde elde edilen benzen sülfonil klorürlerin amonyakla reaksiyonu sülfonamitler 16 ve 17’yi verdi. Sentezi gerçekleştirilen sülfonamit ve benzamit türevlerinin hCA-I, hCA-II, AChE ve BChE enzimleri üzerine mikromolar seviyede inhibisyon etkisi gösterdikleri belirlenmiş oldu.
Reduction of pollution loads based on sewage treatment projects around a lake: A case study on Erhai Lake
Authors: Yang Fengle , Zhang Xianzhi , Li Jinhua , Zhou Baoxue
Published: August 2023

Erhai Lake is a highland freshwater lake in Dali, China. Rapid tourism development has generated large amounts of pollutants. Since 2015, six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been built to treat wastewater collected through sewage interception projects. In this study, reductions in the pollution load of wastewater from different sources were evaluated by considering the effects of groundwater leakage, microbial degradation, and rainfall-runoff. The results showed that the systems reduced the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) loads by 85, 83, and 85%, respectively. Discharge wastewater has the characteristics of a low concentration of domestic sewage discharge, large tourist sewage discharge, and high concentration of livestock wastewater. Due to the high groundwater level, there is groundwater infiltration in the influent water of WWTPs, which dilutes the pollutant concentration of the influent and, therefore, results in a lower treatment efficiency. Further treatment of tailwater also reduced the pollution loads discharged into the lake as well as the COD and TN by 10.25 and 22.90%, respectively. The results indicate that groundwater infiltration in the sewer network system is the primary target to be addressed in future developments.
FRT Capability Enhancement of DFIG-based Wind Turbine with
Coordination Control of MSVC and FCL
Authors: Xian Long , Wu Lizhen
Published: August 2023

Objective:

To address the problems of various FRT (fault ride through) schemes in DFIG
(doubly fed induction generator) systems, especially their applicability under different voltage sags,
a combination scheme of an MSVC (minimized series voltage compensator) and FCL (fault current
limiter) is proposed.

Methods:

Based on the analysis of the mathematical model of the DFIG and considering the capacity
and volume in the process of practical engineering, the application structure and specific control
strategy of an MSVC in DFIG systems are designed on the stator side, and the application effect is
analyzed theoretically. Simultaneously, the application structure and control strategy of the FCL is
proposed on the rotor side, and the application effect of the combination scheme is theoretically deduced
and analyzed. Moreover, the simulation model is built on the MATLAB/Simulink platform.

Results:

The simulation results show that the scheme can quickly and effectively recover the fault
voltage of the DFIG under different voltage sag degrees and has better dynamic performance. At the
same time, it can effectively limit the fault current and suppress the DC-link voltage of the rotor
side, and the transition process is relatively stable.

Conclusion:

The purpose of improving the FRT capability of the DFIG system is realized.
Machine Learning Approaches for Text Mining and Spam E-mail Filtering: Industry 4.0 Perspective
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Wahid Abdul , Naganathan Venkatesh
Published: August 2023

 The revolution of Industry 4.0 will leave an impact on the domain of
everyone's lives directly or indirectly. Several new complex applications will be
developed in the days to come that are complicated to predict in the current scenario.
With the help of machine learning approaches and intelligent IoT devices, people will
be relieved from extra overheads of redundant work currently being performed.
Industry 4.0 has become a significant catalyst for innovation and development in
various industrial sectors like production processes and quality improvement with
greater flexibility. This chapter applied different machine learning algorithms for spam
detection and classifying emails into legitimate and spam. Seven classification models:
Decision Trees, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Network, Gradient Boosting
Machines, AdaBoost, Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machines are applied. Three
benchmark spam datasets are extracted from standard repositories to conduct the
experiments. The chapter also presents a quantitative performance analysis. The results
from rigorous experiments reveal that ensemble methods, Gradient Boosting and
AdaBoost, outperformed other methods with an overall accuracy of 98.70% and
98.18%, respectively. The ensembled models are effective on a large-sized dataset
embedded with more extensive features. The performance of non-ensemble methods,
ANN and Naïve Bayes, was instrumental on large datasets as a viable alternative, with
an overall accuracy of 98.38% and 97.63% on test data.
An Introduction to Various Parameters of the Point of Interest
Authors: Roy Shreya , Majumder Abhishek , Sarkar Joy Lal
Published: August 2023

Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation helps to find new places for users to
visit, along with the popularity of locations. Recommendation of POI is the most
important in location-based social networks (LBSNs). This paper discusses different
parameters that significantly impact the POI recommendation process and make the
prediction much more accurate. A comprehensive review of a few research works and
the methodologies employed for POI recommendation have been presented. POI
recommendation techniques have been classified based on many, such as the interest of
the tourist in particular POI, popularity of the POI, weather conditions, etc. A summary
of related research work is presented for each category, along with their respective
drawbacks. Finally, the possible directions toward future work in this area are included,
along with the conclusion.
Mobile Tourism Recommendation System for Visually Disabled
Authors: Selvarajan Pooja , Selvan Poovizhi , Sureshkumar Vidhushavarshini , Balasubramaniam Sathiyabhama
Published: August 2023

Mobile Tourism Recommendation System recommends to a tourist the best
attractions in a particular place according to his preferences, profile and interest. First,
a Recommender system offers a list of the city places likely to interest the user. This
list estimates the user demographic classification, likes in former trips, and preferences
for the current visit. Second, a planning module schedules the list of recommended
places according to their characteristics and user limitations. The planning system
decides how and when to perform the recommended activities. For implementing these
recommender methods, we have applied different machine learning algorithms, which
are the K-nearest neighbors (K-NN) for both Clean Boot (CB) and Consolidation
Function (CF) and the decision tree for all Data Framing (DF). Thus, executing a
recommendation system for tourists helps them with user-friendly planning. Blind
people can also use this. This application provides complete voice assistance for easy
navigation via a simple button click. Vibratory and voice feedback is provided for
accurate crash alerts for visually challenged people. The application extracts its
smartness by incorporating Android and Internet of Things (IoT) support. Since blind supported applications and devices are more expensive and many blinds can not afford
them, we aim to put forth a novel, low cost and reliable approach to help the blind
explore the possibilities and power of smartphone technology in navigation. We
additionally expect to find the static variables that should be tended to, food, tidiness,
and opening times, and valuable to suggest a tourist place depending on the travel
history of the client. In this investigation, we propose a cross-planning table
methodology depending on the area’s prevalence, appraisals, idle points, and
conclusion. A targeted work for proposal streamlining is defined as dependent on these
mappings. Our outcomes show that the consolidated highlights of Latent Dirichlet
Allocation (LDA), Support vector machines (SVM), appraisals, and cross mappings are
helpful for upgraded execution. The fundamental motivation of this study was to help
businesses related to tourism.
Healthcare Providers' Consciousness of COVID-19: A Case Study in the Cumilla District of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Kazi Sonia
Published: August 2023

The restorative science community is amazingly concerned with almost the sudden and broad flare-up of the COVID-19 Widespread. The objective of this study is to decide the mindfulness of healthcare providers and workers within the Cumilla locale of Bangladesh to get crown infection side effects and disease control strategies. Healthcare workers and medical graduates within the Cumilla area demonstrated satisfactory mindfulness of COVID-19 within the healthcare setting. The discoveries of the think about uncovered that Non-clinical/administrative specialists had the least rate of right answers, whereas undergrad therapeutic students had the most prominent. This inquire about too appears that all healthcare experts ought to actualize intermittent instructive intercessions and prepare programs on contamination control techniques for COVID-19. Conducting educational webinars for all healthcare understudies and experts, counting nonclinical and regulatory representatives, paramedical and nursing sub-groups, on a customary premise may be a useful and secure strategy for boosting awareness.
Challenges and Opportunities for Women Entrepreneurs in India during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nandan Shefali , Kushwaha Anjali
Published: August 2023

Covid 19 pandemic has deeply affected people all over the world. Women owned businesses have been hit harder. The study aims at identifying challenges and opportunities for women entrepreneurs in the wake of the pandemic. An exploratory, multiple case study based approach has been adopted for the study. Four cases of women entrepreneurs were selected. It was found that women were undeterred by the challenges posed by the pandemic. They focused on the opportunities and sought to leverage them to grow their business. It was found that that the important challenges faced by the women were-declining sales, operational disruptions, technology adoption and work-life fusion. Opportunities recognized and exploited by the women included -adopting new business model, cost cutting, innovations in offerings, and expanding market
Journey of Khadi in India: From Gandhi's Signature Fabric to Fashion Garment
Authors: Jha Neetu .
Published: August 2023

Khadi phrase reminds us of the freedom struggle, it brings the picture of Charkha and Mahatma Gandhi to our minds. Khadi is not only a few random cloth, it performed a prime position in India’s independence have become an image of self-reliance for the Indian pleasure. Hand spinning has been acknowledged to Indians for hundreds of years however Gandhi revived India’s flagging khadi enterprise, he made the material the image of swadeshi. He advocated humans throughout the country to boycott British made fabric, spin their own yarn and sport khadi. Nearly after more than seventy years of freedom, khadi maintains to amaze human beings around the world and promoting sustainable style. It acquired a higher degree of interest from the fashion enterprise. The present study takes a look at khadi as a signature material of Gandhi and its place in the independence war. It exhibits that khadi material is an image of freedom that experiences the India’s historic weaves, but embraces modern-day India to discover its relevance. The study, at additionally, investigates the growth of the Khadi and Village Industries (KVI) and propose the policy suggestion for the future improvement.
US State Hospital Regulations Rarely Include Malnutrition but Could Provide a Future Policy Framework for Improving Malnutrition Quality of Care
Authors: Borth Laura , Whitmire, JD Meredith
Published: August 2023

Malnutrition is a problem that is often not identified in hospitals as 8% of hospital patients are diagnosed but malnutrition is estimated to affect 20-50% of patients. Federal programs such as Joint Commission accreditation and the new, optional, global malnutrition composite score from CMS may improve inpatient malnutrition diagnosis, but there may be an opportunity to do more from a regulatory side. It’s unknown how many states are considering malnutrition from this standpoint. The study’s goal was to collect baseline information on mentions of malnutrition-related terms in state hospital regulations. State hospital regulations were identified in July 2022 using this website https://www.hortyspringer.com/list-links-state-hospital-regulations/ with each regulation double checked each to ensure the most updated guidelines. Hospital regulations from each state plus Washington D. C. (n = 51) were searched for number of mentions of nutrition and malnutrition and whether terms were included in a nutrition care section. Nutrition was mentioned in 82% of plans, but only 49% included nutrition in a nutrition care process section. Malnutrition was mentioned infrequently, with only three states (6%) mentioning malnutrition and only two states (4%) mentioning malnutrition in a nutrition care section. There was only one significant difference in frequency of term mentions by US region (average in Midwest 4.69, in Southeast 24). Incorporating malnutrition and nutrition care processes into state hospital regulations and defining enforcement of regulations may help increase inpatient identification of malnutrition.
الإیزیدیون في أرشیف الصحافة الأمریكیة ١٨٤٩ – ١٩٣٥
Authors: Saeed Hiwa Aziz
Published: August 2023

احتل الإيزيديون وطقوسهم الدینیة مساحة كبيرة في الصحافة الأمریكیة ما بین (١٨٤٩-١٩٣٥)، وبسبب تلك الغرابة الدینیة وما یمارسونه من طقوس ومراسیم وشعائر دینیة لافتة للنظر- مع تسمیتهم بـ(عبدة الشیطان – Devil Worshiper)- جعلهم موضوع إهتمام الرحالة والمبشرین والسیاسیین فیما بعد، ولاسیما في العقد الأول من القرن العشرین.
إتناولت الصحافة الأمریكیة الدیانة الإیزیدیة علی كافة الصعد من حیث تسمیتهم وعاداتهم والسلم الإجتماعي والدیني وشعائرهم -...إلخ، وبمنهج وصفي تاریخي، تقصی الباحث أرشیف الصحافة الأمریكیة المتوفرة بمختلف مواضیعها وخصوصا تلك التي تتعلق بالإیزیدیین، واستنتج منها؛ بأن الإیزیدیین دیانة لها أصول عریقة أقدم بكثیر من دیانتي المسیحیة والإسلام، ولكن بحكم إحتكاكها بدیانات المنطقة، إختلطت بعض الإسماء والعادات مع دیانتهم، وبما أنهم أصحاب دیانة منطویة علی نفسها، إلا أن  تكوینهم الدیني یستوجب علیهم المعاملة الإنسانية مع غیرهم من الدیانات.
Co-Design of a Virtual Reality Multiplayer Adventure Game for Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Gabrielli Silvia , Cristofolini Melanie , Dianti Marco , Alvari Gianpaolo , Vallefuoco Ersilia , Bentenuto Arianna , Venuti Paola , Mayora Ibarra Oscar , Salvadori Elio
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Virtual reality (VR) adventure games can offer ideal technological solutions for training social skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), leveraging their support for multisensory and multiplayer interactions over distance, which may lower barriers to training access and increase user motivation. However, the design of VR-based game environments for social skills training is still understudied and deserves the deployment of an inclusive design approach to ensure its acceptability by target users.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to present the inclusive design process that we had followed to develop the Zentastic VR adventure game to foster social skills training in adolescents with ASD and to investigate its feasibility as a training environment for adolescents.

METHODS

The VR game supports multiplayer training sessions involving small groups of adolescents and their therapists, who act as facilitators. Adolescents with ASD and their therapists were involved in the design and in an explorative acceptability study of an initial prototype of the gaming environment, as well as in a later feasibility multisession evaluation of the VR game final release.

RESULTS

The feasibility study demonstrated good acceptability of the VR game by adolescents and an enhancement of their social skills from baseline to posttraining.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings provide preliminary evidence of the benefits that VR-based games can bring to the training of adolescents with ASD and, potentially, other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Market Dynamics and Seasonal Pricing of Major Vegetables in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Giri Anisha
Published: August 2023

The off-season vegetables are regarded as important agricultural commodities in Nepal, offering significant commercial potential. These vegetables have been identified as valuable value chains that can improve the livelihoods of small-scale farmers through advancements in production and marketing techniques. This study examines the price flexibility and seasonality patterns of major vegetables in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, with the aim of providing policy recommendations to address the inelastic demand and reduce import dependency. The analysis reveals mixed elasticity in the demand for tomatoes, with inelasticity from November to March and higher elasticity from April to June. Potatoes exhibit predominantly inelastic demand, while onions demonstrate mixed elasticity with inelasticity from July to October and elasticity from November to April. Additionally, cauliflower and cucumber show high inelasticity during the harvesting season and comparatively elastic demand during off-seasons and pre-harvesting periods. The study also identifies high seasonality in the prices of cauliflower and cucumber, moderate seasonality in onions, and low seasonality in potatoes and tomatoes. Considering the high import share of vegetables in Kathmandu Valley, recommendations are provided to reduce import dependency and promote domestic production. These include supporting local farmers through incentives, access to quality inputs, and agricultural training programs. Improving post-harvest infrastructure, such as storage facilities and transportation networks, is crucial to minimize spoilage and optimize the supply chain. Enhancing market efficiency through streamlined supply chains and transparent pricing mechanisms can benefit both farmers and consumers. Promoting value addition in vegetables, investing in research and development for improved varieties, and fostering collaboration and networking among stakeholders are suggested to enhance productivity, competitiveness, and market expansion. While these recommendations focus on increasing domestic production and market efficiency, further analysis of import dynamics and trade policies is necessary to effectively reduce imports and ensure a balanced market supply.
Introducing an Application for Overwhelming Crisis during Covid-19
Authors: Maurya Arunkumar Umaprasad , Salve Rohan Suryakant
Published: August 2023

Abstract: In medical facilities, there are numerous examples of long-term development. The purpose of this article was to explain how information technology and mobile-based applications may benefit our society. During a covid pandemic, this application will provide a platform for tracking patient status.
R.C.C Shell Structure Design of Selected Head Cap Shape
Authors: Pathan Abdullah Faruque , Golghate Kavita
Published: August 2023

Abstract: A shell structure is a thin structure composed of curved sheets of material, so that Shell structures are inspired from natural element named “SHELL”. A thin curved member or slab usually of reinforced concrete that function as tension member and shell. The waviness plays an important role in the structural behavior realizing a spatial form. Some of natural elements like eggshell, seashell, fruit shells (walnut) etc are showing shell structure properties. The present reinforced concrete shells as a very efficient structure, spanning wide, architectonically beautiful, relevant and valuable structural solution. Shell structures are very attractive lightweight structures, which are especially suited to Architectural building, industrial application, commercial projects etc.. The actual design of shells, involves theories of shells and the use of appropriate codes of practice. Types of curved shell like Parabolic, Hyperbolic or Cylindrical members are often said to act as tension rigidity hence called tensile members. For achieving the optimized load capability and flexural strength of such an element in form of shell covering structure is checked in for M30 grade concrete. Tensile shell members are structural edifice that caries only tension and without buckling or bending. Tensile structures are the most common type of thin-shell structures used worldwide from past decades. The profile and aspect of structure used are unlike for loading conditions, geographical locations and Architecture design differs as such as horizontal, sloping or curved member (dome and shell member). In this research work the tensile shell (plate) structure is designed in the form of beam and as grid shell slab element (plate). After then load has been applied for analysis via software tool i.e. STAAD Pro. The types of load assigned dead and live loads. The Design code specifications for curved shell member in IS: 2210–1994, IS 2204-1962 “Code of practice for construction of reinforced concrete shell roof” [CED 13: Building Construction Practices including Painting, Varnishing and Allied Finishing] and the load case criteria is to be as per IS: 875(2)–2000. RCC design specifications as per IS: 456–2000
Effect of Customer Misbehavior, Personal Tradition, and Social Support On Frontline Employees' Turnover Intention
Authors: Guo Xiaona , Dong Xitao , Fan Jianpeng , Liu Lijun , Zhang Ruixia
Published: August 2023

Increasingly fierce market competition has put forward higher requirements for the service quality of frontline employees. At the same time, the misbehavior of some customers has negative effects on frontline employees. Therefore, this study focused on the mechanism between customer
misbehavior and frontline employees' turnover intention, and used Mplus 8.0 and HLM 6.08 to analyze data from 318 questionnaires. We found the following results: Customer misbehavior was positively related to employees' turnover intention, personal tradition was negatively related to employees'
turnover intention, personal tradition played a moderating role in the relationship between customer misbehavior and employees' turnover intention, social support was negatively related to employees' turnover intention, and social support played a moderating role in the relationship between
customer misbehavior and employees' turnover intention. Our conclusions enrich human resource management theory and provide reference for service-oriented enterprises tmprove the stability of frontline employees.
Scar Endometriosis - A Case Report
Authors: Bose Preethi , R Varrshine , J Thanka
Published: August 2023

Endometriosis is a common disease affecting women in the reproductive age group. Endometriosis is the presenceand growth of functional endometrial tissue at sites other than the uterus. Scar endometriosis, a type of extrapelvicendometriosis, is the presence of functioning endometrial tissue in the abdominal wall along the scars of previous abdominalsurgeries. About 1-2 % of women who underwent cesarean section have the risk of developing surgical scar endometriosis.We report the case of a 27-year-old woman with a history of two cesarean sections. She presented with pain abdomen and anabdominal lump, which increased during menstruation. On examination, there was a tender lump in the abdomen. A clinicaldiagnosis of scar endometriosis was made. Radiological investigations confirmed the diagnosis. Under anesthesia, the scarendometriosis tissue was removed by wide excision and sent for histopathology, which confirmed the presence of endometrialglands with stroma. The patient was discharged and followed up without any recurrence. This case is reported as a rarecondition, though it is increasing in incidence. The clinical features may mimic many surgical or dermatological conditions;hence there is a high chance of misdiagnosis and unnecessary referral, causing physical and emotional distress to the patient.Basic knowledge of the condition, thorough clinical examination, and radiological imaging are usually effective in diagnosing thecondition. Surgical excision and follow-up form the basis of treatment of scar endometriosis. Though surgery is the mainstay oftreatment and medical treatment does not provide a permanent cure, there is scope for future research to discover innovativemedical methods to provide a permanent cure without surgery. The preventive aspect is also important for the surgeon doingthe primary surgery. However, further evidence-based studies are needed to establish effective methods to prevent thedevelopment of scar endometriosis.