bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of INAA technique for analysis of essential and toxic elements in two Algerian plants Cynodon dactylon L. and Phragmites australis
Authors: Moulai Nasreddine , Beladel Brahim , Messaoudi Mohammed , Osmani Nadjet , Brahimi Abdelkarim , Malki Abderrahim , Lammouri Rahima , Ouanezar Abdelkader
Published: June 2024

This study represents the investigation of major and trace elements in two indigenous plants, Cynodon dactylon (L.) and Phragmites australis, grown in the Ghardaia region of Southern Algeria. Using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) technique, the research aimed to ascertain the content of essential and toxic elements in the aerial parts of these plants. Twenty eight elements as (Ag, As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, Hg, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Tb, Th, Yb and Zn) were analysis with INAA method. Given the scarcity of data regarding essential and toxic chemical elements in food within Algeria, the study focused on evaluating the content of these elements in two plant species commonly utilized by Bedouins in traditional medicine and as fodder, as well as by professionals for decontamination and water purification purposes. The concentrations of mineral elements observed in these plants were found to be in proximity to the minimum levels recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The data obtained from this investigation are deemed applicable for Algerian food purposes, offering valuable insights into the elemental composition of these plants and their potential roles in traditional and practical applications.
The influence of geology on the quality of groundwater for domestic use: a Kenyan review
Authors: Gevera Patrick Kirita , Onyari Ednah Kwamboka
Published: June 2024

Kenya’s population, akin to other Sub-Saharan countries, is rapidly growing. With the increasing unreliability of surface water, groundwater resources are becoming highly relied on for domestic and industrial use. Despite several known contaminants reported in different parts of the country, no study has attempted to correlate groundwater quality in the different geological provinces. This review critically synthesizes the influence of Kenya’s diverse geology on groundwater quality for human consumption. This was achieved through a review of published journal articles and other research material through research and government databases. Groundwater was categorised based on the major geological provinces including the Archaean volcanic Nyanzian Craton, the Proterozoic metamorphic Mozambique Mobile Belt (MMB) and volcanic Kisii Group, the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sediments, and Tertiary volcanic Rift Valley. Groundwater quality in these regions showed a characteristic high concentration of fluoride (F−) in volcanic aquifers of the Rift Valley and Nyazian Craton and metamorphic aquifers of the MMB, where mineral dissolution was the main process of F− release. High salinity was common in metamorphic aquifers in the MMB and the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary aquifers where mineral dissolution and seawater intrusion were the common contributors to salinity. Other contaminants such as lead and iron were reported in localised areas in the sedimentary and metamorphic aquifers, respectively. Anthropogenic contaminants such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), NO3
−, and NO2
− were common in shallow groundwater resources in most informal settlements in urban areas. Due to the presence of health implications, of the highlighted contaminants, such as fluorosis, high blood pressure and diarrhoea (due to high F− and salinity) in affected regions, this review highlights the need for an active water resource management program in any country relying on groundwater resources to determine the presence of all region-specific potentially harmful chemical elements and mitigation measures in all its water resources.
Amphetamine and methylphenidate potential on the recovery from stroke and traumatic brain injury: a review
Authors: Ferreira Mariana , Carneiro Patrícia , Costa Vera Marisa , Carvalho Félix , Meisel Andreas , Capela João Paulo
Published: June 2024

The prevalence of stroke and traumatic brain injury is increasing worldwide. However, current treatments do not fully cure or stop their progression, acting mostly on symptoms. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are stimulants already approved for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy treatment, with neuroprotective potential and benefits when used in appropriate doses. This review aimed to summarize pre-clinical and clinical trials testing either amphetamine or methylphenidate for the treatment of stroke and traumatic brain injury. We used PubMed as a database and included the following keywords ((methylphenidate) OR (Ritalin) OR (Concerta) OR (Biphentin) OR (amphetamine) OR (Adderall)) AND ((stroke) OR (brain injury) OR (neuroplasticity)). Overall, studies provided inconsistent results regarding cognitive and motor function. Neurite outgrowth, synaptic proteins, dendritic complexity, and synaptic plasticity increases were reported in pre-clinical studies along with function improvement. Clinical trials have demonstrated that, depending on the brain region, there is an increase in motor activity, attention, and memory due to the stimulation of the functionally depressed catecholamine system and the activation of neuronal remodeling proteins. Nevertheless, more clinical trials and pre-clinical studies are needed to understand the drugs’ full potential for their use in these brain diseases namely, to ascertain the treatment time window, ideal dosage, long-term effects, and mechanisms, while avoiding their addictive potential.
Eating or Not Eating Consecrated Food: Some Dietary Practices in Hittite Religious Texts
Authors: Mouton Alice
Published: June 2024

In Hittite religious texts, many references to human consumption or, on the contrary, to prohibiting human consumption of sacrificial food are made, but they have not yet been studied as such. This paper will endeavor to fill this gap by gathering the data for the first time. It will also examine them in context in order to better understand the underlying mechanism of human consumption of consecrated food in Hittite Anatolia.
Controlled delivery of nikkomycin by PEG coated PLGA nanoparticles inhibits chitin synthase to prevent growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Mayattu Kamal , Ghormade Vandana
Published: June 2024

Aspergillosis is one of the most common fungal infections that can threaten individuals with immune compromised condition. Due to the increasing resistance of pathogens to the existing antifungal drugs, it is difficult to tackle such disease conditions. Whereas, nikkomycin is an emerging safe and effective antifungal drug which causes fungal cell wall disruption by inhibiting chitin synthase. Hence, the study aims at the development of nikkomycin loaded PEG coated PLGA nanoparticles for its increased antifungal efficiency and inhibiting Aspergillus infections. The P-PLGA-Nik NPs were synthesized by w/o/w double emulsification method which resulted in a particle size of 208.3 ± 15 nm with a drug loading of 52.97 %. The NPs showed first order diffusion-controlled drug release which was sustained for 24 h. These nanoparticle’s antifungal efficacy was tested using the CLSI – M61 guidelines and the MIC50 defined against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus was found to be >32 μg/ml which was similar to the nikkomycin MIC. The hyphal tip bursting showed the fungal cell wall disruption. The non-cytotoxic and non-haemolytic nature highlights the drug safety profile.
Cerebral Gray Matter May Not Explain Sleep Slow-Wave Characteristics after Severe Brain Injury
Authors: Kalantari Narges , Daneault Véronique , Blais Hélène , André Claire , Sanchez Erlan , Lina Jean-Marc , Arbour Caroline , Gilbert Danielle , Carrier Julie , Gosselin Nadia
Published: June 2024

Sleep slow waves are the hallmark of deeper non-rapid eye movement sleep. It is generally assumed that gray matter properties predict slow-wave density, morphology, and spectral power in healthy adults. Here, we tested the association between gray matter volume (GMV) and slow-wave characteristics in 27 patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI, 32.0 ± 12.2 years old, eight women) and compared that with 32 healthy controls (29.2 ± 11.5 years old, nine women). Participants underwent overnight polysomnography and cerebral MRI with a 3 Tesla scanner. A whole-brain voxel–wise analysis was performed to compare GMV between groups. Slow-wave density, morphology, and spectral power (0.4–6 Hz) were computed, and GMV was extracted from the thalamus, cingulate, insula, precuneus, and orbitofrontal cortex to test the relationship between slow waves and gray matter in regions implicated in the generation and/or propagation of slow waves. Compared with controls, TBI patients had significantly lower frontal and temporal GMV and exhibited a subtle decrease in slow-wave frequency. Moreover, higher GMV in the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, cingulate cortex, and precuneus was associated with higher slow-wave frequency and slope, but only in healthy controls. Higher orbitofrontal GMV was also associated with higher slow-wave density in healthy participants. While we observed the expected associations between GMV and slow-wave characteristics in healthy controls, no such associations were observed in the TBI group despite lower GMV. This finding challenges the presumed role of GMV in slow-wave generation and morphology.
Development of the Fetal Brain Corticocortical Structural Network during the Second-to-Third Trimester Based on Diffusion MRI
Authors: Chen Ruike , Zhao Ruoke , Li Haotian , Xu Xinyi , Li Mingyang , Zhao Zhiyong , Sun Cong , Wang Guangbin , Wu Dan
Published: June 2024

During the second-to-third trimester, the neuronal pathways of the fetal brain experience rapid development, resulting in the complex architecture of the interwired network at birth. While diffusion MRI-based tractography has been employed to study the prenatal development of structural connectivity network (SCN) in preterm neonatal and postmortem fetal brains, the in utero development of SCN in the normal fetal brain remains largely unknown. In this study, we utilized in utero dMRI data from human fetuses of both sexes between 26 and 38 gestational weeks to investigate the developmental trajectories of the fetal brain SCN, focusing on intrahemispheric connections. Our analysis revealed significant increases in global efficiency, mean local efficiency, and clustering coefficient, along with significant decrease in shortest path length, while small-worldness persisted during the studied period, revealing balanced network integration and segregation. Widespread short-ranged connectivity strengthened significantly. The nodal strength developed in a posterior-to-anterior and medial-to-lateral order, reflecting a spatiotemporal gradient in cortical network connectivity development. Moreover, we observed distinct lateralization patterns in the fetal brain SCN. Globally, there was a leftward lateralization in network efficiency, clustering coefficient, and small-worldness. The regional lateralization patterns in most language, motor, and visual-related areas were consistent with prior knowledge, except for Wernicke's area, indicating lateralized brain wiring is an innate property of the human brain starting from the fetal period. Our findings provided a comprehensive view of the development of the fetal brain SCN and its lateralization, as a normative template that may be used to characterize atypical development.
Two weeks of acarbose treatment shows no effect on gut microbiome composition in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study
Authors: Dalsgaard Niels B , Gasbjerg Lærke S , Hansen Laura S , Nielsen Dennis S , Rasmussen Torben S , Knop Filip K
Published: June 2024

Aim

The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). It acts in the lumen of the gut by reducing intestinal hydrolysis and absorption of ingested carbohydrates. This reduces postprandial blood glucose concentration and increases the content of carbohydrates in the distal parts of the intestine potentially influencing gut microbiome (GM) composition and possibly impacting the gut microbiome (GM) dysbiosis associated with T2D. Here, we investigated the effect of acarbose on GM composition in patients with T2D.

Methods

Faecal samples were collected in a previously conducted randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study in which 15 individuals with metformin-treated T2D (age 57–85 years, HbA1c 40–74 mmol/mol, BMI 23.6–34.6 kg/m2) were subjected to two 14-day treatment periods with acarbose and placebo, respectively, separated by a 6-week wash-out period. Faecal samples were collected before and by the end of each treatment period. The GM profiles were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Results

The GM profiles after the treatment periods with acarbose or placebo remained unaffected (P > 0.7) when compared with the GM profiles before treatment. This applied to the analysis of within-sample diversity (α-diversity) and between-sample bacterial composition diversity (β-diversity). Additionally, no dominant bacterial species differentiated the treatment groups, and only minor increases in the relative abundances of Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli (P < 0.05) were observed after acarbose treatment.

Conclusion

In patients with metformin-treated T2D, 14 days of treatment with acarbose showed only minor effects on GM as seen in increased relative abundances of Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli.
Prader–Willi syndrome: guidance for children and transition into adulthood
Authors: Shaikh M Guftar , Barrett Timothy G , Bridges Nicola , Chung Robin , Gevers Evelien F , Goldstone Anthony P , Holland Anthony , Kanumakala Shankar , Krone Ruth , Kyriakou Andreas , Livesey E Anne , Lucas-Herald Angela K , Meade Christina , Passmore Susan , Roche Edna , Smith Chris , Soni Sarita
Published: June 2024

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare orphan disease and complex genetic neurodevelopmental disorder, with a birth incidence of approximately 1 in 10,000–30,000. Management of people with PWS requires a multi-disciplinary approach, ideally through a multi-disciplinary team (MDT) clinic with community support. Hypotonia, poor feeding and faltering growth are characteristic features in the neonatal period, followed by hyperphagia and risk of rapid weight gain later in childhood. Children and adolescents (CA) with PWS usually display developmental delay and mild learning disability and can develop endocrinopathies, scoliosis, respiratory difficulties (both central and obstructive sleep apnoea), challenging behaviours, skin picking, and mental health issues, especially into adulthood. This consensus statement is intended to be a reference document for clinicians managing children and adolescents (up to 18 years of age) with PWS. It considers the bio-psycho-social domains of diagnosis, clinical assessment, and management in the paediatric setting as well as during and after transition to adult services. The guidance has been developed from information gathered from peer-reviewed scientific reports and from the expertise of a range of experienced clinicians in the United Kingdom and Ireland involved in the care of patients with PWS.
Ang II-induced contraction is impaired in the aortas of renovascular hypertensive animal model
Authors: Fahning Bernah M , Potje Simone R , Paula Tiago D , Grando Marcella D , Bendhack Lusiane M
Published: June 2024

Graphical abstract

Renin–angiotensin system plays a critical role in blood pressure control, and the abnormal activation of the AT1 receptor contributes to the development of renovascular hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the underlying cellular signaling for AT1 receptor activation by Ang II and to compare this mechanism between aortas from 2K-1C and 2K rats. Effects of antagonists and inhibitors were investigated on Ang II-induced contractions in denuded or intact-endothelium aortas. The AT1 receptor antagonist abolished Ang II-induced contraction in 2K-1C and 2K rat aortas, while AT2 and Mas receptors antagonists had no effect. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibition increased the maximal effect (Emax) of Ang II in 2K, which was not changed in 2K-1C aortas. It was associated with lower eNOS mRNA levels in 2K-1C. Endothelium removal increased the Emax of Ang II in 2K-1C and mainly in 2K rat aortas. Nox and COX inhibition did not alter Ang II-induced contraction in 2K and 2K-1C rat aortas. However, AT1 expression was higher in 2K-1C compared to 2K rat aortic rings, whereas expression of phosphorylated (active) IP3 receptors was lower in 2K-1C than in 2K rats. These results demonstrate that endothelium removal impairs Ang II-stimulated contraction in the aorta of 2K-1C rats, which is associated with the reduction of IP3 receptor phosphorylation and activation. In addition, eNOS plays a critical role in Ang II-induced contraction in 2K rat aortas. It is possible that the high Ang II plasma levels could desensitize AT1 receptor in 2K-1C rats, leading to impaired IP3 receptors activation.
Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Pajanan Benzena pada Pedagang Tetap dan Supir di Terminal Kampung Rambutan
Authors: Sari Meliana , Sanniyah Zahra , Camila Putri
Published: June 2024

Badan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah (BPLHD) DKI Jakarta menyampaikan wilayah Jakarta Timur merupakan salah satu wilayah yang tercemar. Benzena merupakan salah satu zat yang bersifat karsinogenik yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran tidak sempurna kendaraan bermotor. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengestimasi risiko pajanan benzena pada kelompok pedagang dan sopir yang berada di Terminal Kampung Rambutan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan desain studi Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Sampel pada penelitian sebanyak 173 pada kelompok pedagang dan 142 pada kelompok sopir yang diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata konsentrasi benzena adalah 0,17942 mg/m3. Perhitungan intake non karsinogenik dan karsinogenik pada pedagang (14 x 10-3 mg/kg/hari dan 6 x 10-3 mg/kg/hari) lebih besar dibandingkan pada kelompok sopir (14 x 10-3 mg/kg/hari dan 16 x 10-4 mg/kg/hari). Pada perhitungan risiko, kelompok pedagang memiliki nilai RQ>1 dan ECR > 10-4 sehingga membutuhkan manajemen risiko. Penurunan konsentrasi benzena 2,0-25,0% direkomendasikan sebagai manajemen risiko akibat pajanan benzena.
Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Pekerja Melaksanakan Standard Operational Procedure di PT Semen Padang
Authors: Boerman Baequni , Nisya Hayatul
Published: June 2024

Studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan menemukan adanya pekerja yang masih mengabaikan prosedur kerja, beberapa pekerja yang tidak menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) serta mengabaikan peringatan keamanan dan beberapa pekerja melakukan pemeriksaan mesin tidak sesuai jadwalnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pekerja terhadap Standard Operational Procedure di PT Semen Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka konsep yang dimodiﬁkasi dari kerangka teori Kelman dan Probst, T.M. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah Cross Sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama bulan Oktober 2018 dengan wawancara mendalam kepada informan dan pengisian kuesioner oleh pekerja yang telah divalidasi melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu pekerja di PPI sebanyak 86 pekerja dari total 316 pekerja dengan metode simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya sebanyak 56,0% pekerja yang patuh terhadap Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP). Variabel yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pekerja terhadap SOP adalah persepsi (p-value: 0,010) dan pengetahuan (p-value: 0,044). Sedangkan, variabel pengaruh hukuman (p-value: 0,554), pengawasan (p-value: 0,946), pengaruh rekan kerja (p-value 0,145), sikap (p-value: 0,622) dan motivasi (p-value: 0,205) tidak berhubungan dengan kepatuhan terhadap pekerja terhadap SOP. Dengan temuan tersebut disarankan kepada pihak Semen Padang dalam hal ini bagian Packing Plant Indarung (PPI), untuk meningkatkan frekuensi sosialisasi Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) serta memberikan training kepada pekerja dengan harapan menumbuhkan persepsi dan peningkatan pengetahuan pekerja untuk mematuhi SOP yang telah dibuat.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE) dengan Perkembangan Motorik pada Anak Usia Prasekolah
Authors: Rapingah Siti , Widiyanti Syifa
Published: June 2024

Pre-school childrens’ at the age of 3-6 years is called the golden age periode of brain development of children.At this age, children need to be stimulated in order to optimize the development process, one of which is educational games.Many factors affect motoric development in children, one of which is mother's knowledge. This study aims to identify the relationship between mother's knowledge about Educational Game Tools (APE) with motoric development in preschool-aged children. This research is a type of correlational quantitative research. The total population is 380 people. Samples were taken by using multistage area random sampling technique as many as 80 respondents. The analysis used univariate and bivariate using Spearman rank test with = 5%. The results showed that the knowledge of mothers in the good category was 39 (48.8%) and for motoric development which was in the normal category was 41 (51.2%) it can be concluded that there is a relationship between mother knowledge about APE and motoric development in preschoolers. with p value = 0.000 (< 0.05) and r = 0.408. Suggestions for children who are suspect or untestable, it is hoped that the mother/caregiver will stimulate the child's fine motoric development and monitor it according to their age by using KPSP.Keywords: educational game tools, motoric development, pre-school.AbstrakAnak usia 3-6 tahun atau masa pra sekolah disebut sebagai masa keemasan dari pertumbuhan otak anak. Pada usia ini anak harus diberikan rangsangan atau stimulasi agar perkembangan menjadi optimal salah satunya dengan permainan edukatif. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan motorik pada anak, salah satunya pengetahuan ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengidentifikasi hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE) dengan perkembangan motorik pada anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif korelasional.Jumlah populasi adalah sebanyak 380 orang. Sampel diambil dengan teknik multistage area random sampling sebanyak 80 responden. Analisis yang digunakan univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji rank spearman dengan α=5%. Hasil penelitianbahwa didapatkan pengetahuan ibu dalam kategori baik sebanyak 39 (48,8%) dan untuk  perkembangan motorik yang berada dalam kategori normal adalah sebanyak 41 (51,2%) dapat disimpulkanada hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang APE dengan  perkembangan motorik pada anak usia prasekolah dengan p value = 0,000 (< 0,05) dan r = 0,408. Saranpada anak dengan suspect atau untestable diharapkan ibu/pengasuh menstimulasi perkembangan motorik halus anak serta memonitor sesuai dengan usianya menggunakan KPSPKata Kunci: Alat Permainan Edukatif, Perkembangan Motorik, Pra sekolah
EFEKTIVITAS METODE TBL (TEAM BASED LEARNING) PADA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Kamaludin Fahmi , Rosadi Andrea Salsabila , Herkan Muhamad Thariq , Makkiyah Feda Anisah
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a shift in learning method, from synchronous face-to-face to synchronous online. Traditional online learning methods, on the other hand, have proven ineffective. As a result, a new method is required to make learning more motivating and to achieve the desired learning outcome. Team-based learning is one of the newer learning methods that is gaining popularity today (TBL). TBL is a learning method that emphasizes team collaboration with minimal human resources unlike problem based learning. Students are expected to be more active in learning activities and to collaborate within their groups. However, some question whether online TBL is as effective as offline TBL. The purpose of this paper is to learn about the advantages and disadvantages of online TBL.  This literature review searched for English-language journals in the last 5 years (PubMed and NCBI databases) which focused on TBL online and offline learning. The satisfaction of students in the survey showed good results (85%). However, there was a weakness of online TBL such as decreased verbal communication, collaboration and leadership of students.  In contrast, student’s learning experiences and student’s written communication skills showed no difference with offline learning. Online TBL still proves effective with providing more space for student’s communication.keywords: Team Based Learning, Literatur Review, Pandemic Event Abstrak Pandemi COVID-19 telah mendorong perubahan metode pembelajaran, dari secara tatap muka menjadi secara daring. Namun, metode pembelajaran daring konvensional terbukti tidak efektif. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sebuah metode baru agar pembelajaran menjadi lebih memotivasi dan tujuan pembelajaran akan tercapai. Salah satu metode pembelajaran baru yang sedang populer saat ini adalah team based learning (TBL). TBL adalah metode pembelajaran yang menekankan kolaborasi antar tim. Pada metode ini, siswa dituntut untuk lebih aktif dan harus bekerja sama dengan kelompok mereka. Namun, terdapat beberapa keraguan apakah TBL yang dilakukan secara daring sama efektifnya dengan TBL yang dilakukan secara luring. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mencari kelebihan dan kekurangan metode TBL daring. Literature review ini mencari dari jurnal berbahasa inggris 5 tahun terakhir (database PubMed dan NCBI) yang berfokus pada TBL daring dan luring. Hasilnya, kepuasan siswa pada survei mendapatkan hasil yang baik (85%). Namun, terdapat kekurangan dari TBL daring seperti menurunnya komunikasi verbal dan kepemimpinan pada siswa. Sebaliknya, pengalaman belajar dan kemampuan komunikasi tertulis siswa menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan dengan pembelajaran luring. Kesimpulannya, TBL daring terbukti efektif dengan memberikan lebih banyak ruang untuk siswa berkomunikasi.Kata kunci : Team Based Learning, literatur review, peristiwa pandemi
The Rounds Efficiency Index: A Novel Physics-Based Construct for Patient- and Family-Centered Rounds
Authors: Tuomela Krista , Agbeh Abiye , Anibaba Fatima , Toth Heather , Rogers Amanda , Porada Kelsey , Lynch Kelly , Hadjiev Jennifer , Weisgerber Michael C. , Bauer Sarah Corey
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Efficiently conducting patient- and family-centered rounds (PFCR) is challenging, particularly without a measure of efficiency. In physics, efficiency is the ratio of work output to work input. We sought to evaluate PFCR efficiency via a novel construct rooted in physics. Our objectives were to (1) Establish baseline work output for clinical work (CW), educational effectiveness (EE), and family experience (FE); (2) establish baseline work input for rounds length (RL); and (3) begin preliminary construction of a rounds efficiency index (REI) as a measure of PFCR efficiency.

METHODS

Four components of rounds efficiency were collected on 5 inpatient acute care teams during a baseline period. CW consisted of the percentage of daily orders placed on rounds. EE was assessed via survey for trainees and FE by families. RL was recorded in minutes per patient. During an 8-week intensive period, the REI (reported as %) was calculated as a ratio of work output/work input using aggregate mean/median ratings for CW, EE, FE, and RL.

RESULTS

Baseline data included 809 orders, 28 EE ratings, 21 FE ratings, and RL mean of 11.4 minutes per patient. During the intensive period, the median team-specific weekly REI for the end versus beginning of the academic year was 58% and 52.5% (P = .17), respectively. The median REI during the start and end of the block was 49% and 57% (P = .15), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The study assessed 4 components of efficiency (CW, EE, FE, RL) and calculated REI allowing for a preliminary tool to measure rounding efficiency. With this, targeted interventions can improve PFCR efficiency.
Climate change and weather extremes as risk multipliers
Authors: Scheffran Jürgen
Published: June 2024

The role of global warming as a risk multiplier is discussed in an integrative framework connecting climate and societal stability, acting through complex and destabilizing impact chains beyond thresholds. These include complex social interactions and self-enforcing collective dynamics such as breakdown of vulnerable infrastructures and networks; tradeoffs in the water-food-energy nexus; economic and financial crashes; social protest and turmoil; mass migration and violent conflict. Adressing the challenges through adaptive and anticipative governance can induce societal transformation processes to protect human security, develop social livelihood, strengthen societal resilience and solve problems along cooperative and sustainable pathways. In this context, key questions considered are conditions when climate stress exceeds the adaptive capacity of natural and social systems; tolerance ranges of stability and instability; impacts of climate stress on critical infrastructures and human-environment-interaction; thresholds of negative and positive tipping points triggering cascading events; and conditions for sustainability transition and societal transformation processes.
How does path dependence affect the climate change-conflict nexus?
Authors: Link Jasmin S. A.
Published: June 2024

In sociology, path dependence can be defined as a self-reinforcing process with the tendency towards a lock-in. This concept can be applied to the climate-conflict nexus to assess how path dependence, this particular characteristic of a process, affects the complex potential causalities of climate-induced conflict. Does path dependence enhance the conflict potential through butterfly effects or does it rather pacify by increasing conformity? The nature of climate change-induced conflict is analyzed with an integrative framework that is based on a review of peer-reviewed related case studies. Using the methodology of mathematical sociology, a complex causal chain is drawn to reflect the influence of path dependence in the situation of climate change-induced conflict. Sociological conflict theories are used to depict, in which way and to what extent path dependence may or may not influence the societal reaction to climate change.
Exploring Methodological Considerations: A Literature Review on How Lighting Affects the Sleep and Cognition in Healthy Older Adults
Authors:   The Design School, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA, Fani Mahya , Sharp Nina ,   The Design School, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
Published: June 2024

The impacts of lighting conditions on human circadian rhythms, sleep quality, and cognitive performance have been extensively investigated in the past two decades; however, these studies have yielded inconclusive and variable outcomes. For older adults who are at a higher risk of developing serious physiological and mental illnesses, such as Alzheimer’s or dementia, light therapy has emerged as a low-risk intervention to improve sleep quality and cognitive function. Nevertheless, the optimal methodology for evaluating the efficacy of light therapy in older adults remains unclear. This review has been conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and critically analyzes methodologies in previous studies on lighting's impact on sleep and cognitive performance in healthy older adults, focusing on how these approaches affect the findings. The review is structured into six domains: study setting and type, participant characteristics, lighting conditions, study design, sleep quality evaluation methods, and cognitive performance evaluation methods. Diverse study designs, methods, and population characteristics have influenced the outcomes. Bright light, applied from early morning to early evening, has been shown to enhance sleep and cognitive functions, notably working memory and concentration. It also benefits from dawn simulation throughout the day, which regulates circadian rhythms and improves sleep quality, although the ideal timing is yet to be determined. Intense short-wavelength lights and strong placebo conditions can counteract these positive effects, and using bright light in the evening may impair sleep and indirectly worsen cognitive performance in older adults. Further real-world experimental studies on this demographic, meticulous study designs, a combination of objective and subjective evaluation methods, and comprehensive reporting of lighting interventions are crucial for identifying the optimal lighting design approach for this population.
Dental Versus Zygomatic Implants in the Treatment of Maxillectomy: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Leblebicioğlu Kurtuluş İkbal , Kilic Duygu , Kilic Kerem
Published: June 2024

This study analyzed the stress distributions on zygomatic and dental implants placed in the zygomatic bone, supporting bones, and superstructures under occlusal loads after maxillary reconstruction with obturator prostheses. A total of 12 scenarios of 3-dimensional finite element models were constructed based on computerized tomography scans of a hemimaxillectomy patient. Two obturator prostheses were analyzed for each model. A total force of 600 N was applied from the palatal to buccal bones at an angle of 45°. The maximum and minimum principal stress values for bone and von Mises stress values for dental implants and prostheses were calculated. When zygomatic implants were applied to the defect area, the maximum principal stresses were similar in intensity to the other models; however, the minimum principal stress values were higher than in scenarios without zygomatic implants. In models that used zygomatic implants in the defect area, von Mises stress levels were significantly higher in zygomatic implants than in dental implants. In scenarios where the prosthesis was supported by tissue in the nondefect area, the maximum and minimum principal stress values on cortical bone were higher than in scenarios where implants were applied to defect and nondefect areas. In patients who lack an alveolar crest after maxillectomy, a custom bar-retained prosthesis placed on the dental implant should reduce stress on the zygomatic bone. The stress was higher on zygomatic implants without alveolar crest support than on dental implants.
Control de Calidad de las Plantas Medicinales de la Farmacia Natural del CAMEC
Authors: Flores Edwin Ferwinson Lara , Alcántara Lyn Stephanie Castro , Maldonado Rafael Diomedes Camones
Published: June 2024

Objetivos. Evaluar la calidad de veinte plantas medicinales que se dispensan en la Farmacia Natural del CAMEC del Hospital III Chimbote - Red Asistencial Ancash - EsSalud. Materiales y métodos. Investigación analítica-descriptiva. Se analizaron veinte plantas medicinales: Berberis vulgaris, Bixa orellana, Chuquiraga rotundifolia, Culcitium canescens, Desmodium mollicum, Equisetum arvense, Eupatorium triplinerve, Gentianella alborosea, Geranium ayavacense, Maytenus laevis, Melissa officinalis, Minthostachys setosa, Muehlenbeckia volcanica, Peumus boldus, Phyllanthus niruri, Senecio tephrosioides, Smallanthus sonchifolius, Tiquilia paranychioides, Uncaria tomentosa, Valeriana officinalis. Las muestras fueron seleccionadas al azar (1 bolsa de 100 g) a las cuales se les realizaron los análisis organolépticos como olor, sabor, color, características superficiales y textura, así como el análisis físico-químico (ensayo fitoquímico). Asimismo, se realizó la extracción acuosa de cada planta (infuso o decocto), según la dosis indicada a los pacientes. También se llevaron a cabo las pruebas de Mayer, Wagner, Dragendorff, Fehling, tricloruro férrico, Shinoda y espuma. Finalmente se analizaron las cenizas totales, el contenido de humedad y la determinación de metales pesados (plomo y cadmio) por el método de espectrometría de absorción atómica. Resultados. Cada una de las veinte plantas analizadas tiene las características organolépticas propias de su especie. En el análisis fitoquímico cualitativo se encontró la mayor presencia de fenoles. En las cenizas totales se encontraron dos plantas que sobrepasan los límites permitidos por la OMS (14%), Eupatorium triplinerve «asmachilca» con 22,027 % y Berberis vulgaris «agracejo» con 15,2843 %. En humedad, los valores obtenidos están dentro de los límites permitidos por la OMS (12%). En metales pesados, ninguna de las muestras evidenció concentraciones superiores al valor límite: plomo (10 mg/kg), cadmio (0,3 mg/kg), propuesto para hierbas medicinales por la OMS. Conclusiones. Las plantas medicinales que se dispensan en la Farmacia Natural del CAMEC Chimbote cumplen con los parámetros de calidad establecidos por la OMS.
COLESTEATOMA DO ÁPEX PETROSO: UM RARO TUMOR
Authors: Pykocz Adrielle Holler , Lavinsky Joel , Angeli Roberto Dihl , Roesler Rafael , Braga Francisco Luiz Souza , Santos Ricardo Silva dos , Isolan Paola Maria Brolin Santis , Nogueira Guilherme Nobre , Gonçalves Rafaela Fernandes , Isolan Gustavo Rassier
Published: June 2024

Introdução: O colesteatoma, embora relativamente raro, apresenta desafios significativos na prática clínica. Apesar de décadas de pesquisa, sua causa permanece complexa e evasiva.
Objetivo: Esta revisão pretendeu resumir as principais descobertas sobre a epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e manejo cirúrgico do colesteatoma, destacando lacunas de conhecimento atuais e tendências emergentes no campo.
Método: Revisão narrativa realizada nas bases PubMed e Scielo. A busca utilizou as seguintes palavras-chave: “colesteatoma, ápice petros, procedimentos cirúrgicos minimamente invasivos” e suas versões ao inglês Os critérios de inclusão compreenderam artigos de revisão, pesquisas pré-clínicas e clínicas publicados, escritos em português e inglês e disponíveis em texto completo. Os artigos selecionados foram analisados com base nas tecnologias abordadas, perspectivas futuras, desafios, doenças referidas e ideia central do artigo.
Resultado: Foram incluídos 36 artigos.
Conclusão: O colesteatoma tem importância na prática médica, apesar de ser relativamente pouco frequente na população em geral. No entanto, ainda existem dúvidas sobre sua causa, mas seu diagnóstico tem sido ampliado atavés de exames de imagem na tentativa de redução das operações de “segundo-olhar”, evitando-as. Outro campo com crescimento constante é o tratamento cirúrgico, uma vez que a anatomia complexa exige que novas técnicas sejam manejadas para diminuir lesões de estruturas importantes e vitais da região.
Novelties in Ruellia (Acanthaceae) for the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Fernandes Ulisses Gonçalves , Manzitto-Tripp Erin A. , Medina Nicolás , Simão-Bianchini Rosângela , Kameyama Cíntia
Published: June 2024

Abstract— Brazil is known as a center of diversity for several plant families. Among these, Acanthaceae are especially diverse in the Cerrado, which is home to ca. 150 species, many of which are endemic. Recent field and herbarium studies of Ruellia of the Cerrado
in Goiás and Distrito Federal have led to the discovery of 9 species new to science, which we formally describe as R. altoparadisensis, R. cataractae, R. ceciliae, R. chapadensis, R. glandulifolia, R. hatschbachii, R. lucindae, R. mellosilvae,
and R. pinguicula. In addition to botanical illustrations, we provide information about their geographical distributions, habitats, phenologies, and preliminary conservation status. Species are discussed in the context of the Cerrado physiognomies and sub-biomes, which are delimited.
We additionally propose one new combination (R. rosmarinus), two lectotypifications (R. pohlii and R. adenostachya), and an identification key to Ruellia species that occur Brazilian Cerrado.
Fieldwork, Herbarium Revisions, and DNA Barcodes: Basic Ingredients to Shed Light on the Dark Realms of Plant Biodiversity, an Example with Two Enigmatic AndeanCarex(Cyperaceae) Species
Authors: Morales Alonso Ana , Gebauer Sebastian , Cano Asunción , Oleas Nora H. , Pinto-Zárate Jairo , Martín-Bravo Santiago , Jiménez-Mejías Pedro
Published: June 2024

Abstract—Two recent fieldwork expeditions to Peru and Ecuador resulted in the finding of twoCarexspecies (C. hypsipedosandC. sanctae-marthae) previously known from a single collection each, and of uncertain morphological and systematic affinities. We performed phylogenetic analyses using barcode molecular markers and a detailed morphological comparison among the new specimens and the original collections. A BLAST search was used to obtain the preliminary infrageneric affinities of problematic samples. Phylogenetic results confirmed the adscription of these species to two sectionalCarexgroups:Carexsect.Racemosae(subg.Carex) forC. hypsipedosandCarexsect.Junciformes(subg.Psyllophorae) forC. sanctae-marthae.Morphological revision revealed unique traits inC. hypsipedos, especially geocarpy, here strikingly reported for the first time for the genusCarex. On the other hand, the careful comparison of the new materials ofC. sanctae-marthaerevealed unequivocal affinities with the type, confirming its identity as this species. Our work illustrated that for the understanding of poorly known groups, such as these two NeotropicalCarex, integrative approaches combining basic biosystematics tools are still very necessary: field and herbaria surveys and DNA barcode.
Phylogenetic Relationships Within Tribe Hibisceae (Malvaceae) Reveal Complex Patterns of Polyphyly inHibiscusandPavonia
Authors: Hanes Margaret M. , Blanchard Orland J. , Valencia-D Janice , McLay Todd , Abbott J. Richard , McDaniel Stuart F. , Barrett Russell L. , Mathews Sarah , Neubig Kurt M.
Published: June 2024

Abstract—The diverse and spectacular Hibisceae tribe comprises over 750 species. No studies, however, have broadly sampled across the dozens of genera in the tribe, leading to uncertainty in the relationships among genera. The non-monophyly of the genusHibiscusis infamous and challenging, whereas the monophyly of most other genera in the tribe has yet to be assessed, including the large genusPavonia.Here we significantly increase taxon sampling in the most complete phylogenetic study of the tribe to date. We assess monophyly of most currently recognized genera in the tribe and include three and thirteen newly sampled sections ofHibiscusandPavonia,respectively. We also include five rarely sampled genera and 137 species previously unsampled. Our phylogenetic trees demonstrate thatHibiscus, as traditionally defined, encompasses at least 20 additional genera. The status ofPavoniaemerges as comparable in complexity toHibiscus. We offer clarity in the phylogenetic placement of several taxa of uncertain affinity (e.g.Helicteropsis,Hibiscadelphus, Jumelleanthus,andWercklea). We also identify two new clades and elevate them to the generic rank with the recognition of two new monospecific genera: 1)BlanchardiaM.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett is a surprising Caribbean lineage that is sister to the entire tribe, and 2)AstrohibiscusMcLay & R.L.Barrett represents former members ofHibiscus caesiuss.l.CraveniaMcLay & R.L.Barrett is also described as a new genus for theHibiscus panduriformisclade, which is allied toAbelmoschus. Finally, we introduce a new classification for the tribe and clarify the boundaries ofHibiscusandPavonia.
hibridização simultânea na educação corporativa
Authors: Gomes de Souza Oliveira Heloísa , Peixoto Delmir , Almeida Juliana
Published: June 2024

Com a ampliação do trabalho remoto pós-pandemia da Covid-19, oensino híbrido na educação corporativa ganha força como estratégia paraconciliar a aprendizagem tanto dos trabalhadores fisicamente presenciais   quanto dos virtualmente presenciais. Este estudo objetiva analisar uma das novas formas de se pensar a educação híbrida: a educação simultânea. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso das salas de aula flex da Universidade Petrobras. O texto analisa os resultados de sua implantação, apontando possibilidades de melhorias, oferecendo dicas e verificando que as salas flex são uma solução educacional eficaz para viabilizar o processo de aprendizagem simultânea.
Sala de aula invertida e competências docentes:
Authors: Barbosa Nogueira Filipe
Published: June 2024

Este artigo apresenta como a Sala de Aula Invertida pode potencializar, por meio de um curso de capacitação na modalidade híbrida, o desenvolvimento de competências docentes de instrutores que atuam na Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio. Como metodologia, realizou-se pesquisa exploratória-descritiva e estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa dos dados. Os procedimentos utilizados foram pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, observação e questionários aplicados aos instrutores-alunos, visando identificar as autopercepções das competências desenvolvidas durante o curso; e aos professores do curso, nointuito de identificar as percepções quanto à abordagem da Sala de Aula Invertida para o desenvolvimento de competências docentes, na modalidade híbrida. Os dados foram analisados na perspectiva do modelo Addie de design instrucional. Considera-se, apesar do pequeno amostral analisado, que a Sala de Aula Invertida é uma das estratégias híbridas com potencial para otimizar o desenvolvimento de competências docentes.
Exploring the downside to student online collaborations
Authors: Venter Anneke
Published: June 2024

Online learning proponents report that collaboration in online groups has positive effects on the student learning experience, but the literature also refers to a contrasting side, indicating the often overlooked non-productive or undesirable consequences of student online collaborations. To gain a more nuanced and contextual understanding of student online collaborations, a qualitative study was conducted. In-depth interviews and focus groups were used to gather primary data from students at an Open Distance Learning (ODL) university in South Africa. The results revealed a complex range of learning-related outcomes embedded in student online collaborations, including some drawbacks to these liaisons. Relevant literature about online collaborations supports the notion of looking at the potential for non-beneficial student collaborations and directs a call for a differentiated view of student online collaborations. The paper offers design guidelines from a social theory perspective to assist online learning practitioners in finding ways to mitigate negative online collaborations and facilitate constructive forms of student online collaborations in an optimal learning experience. This paper offers directions for future research regarding the complexity of student online collaborations.
Lecturers’ stories of teaching understanding hidden curriculum enactment in a private higher education institutions
Authors: Rossouw Nina , Frick Liezel
Published: June 2024

The hidden curriculum is embedded in all levels of education, and an integral part of higher education. However, the hidden curriculum remains a challenging concept to understand and define. The focus of this study was to gain insight into the lecturer dimension of the hidden curriculum, as research on the lecturer dimension of the hidden curriculum is limited, even more so in private higher education. A narrative approach was adopted and provided valuable stories and reflections from lecturers regarding the main areas that they enact the hidden curriculum in their classroom (developing graduate competencies, supplementing the formal curriculum, enhancing the student learning experience), the importance of lecturer reflection, and the relevance of the private nature of the higher education institutions. This study contributes to a more holistic understanding of the enactment of the hidden curriculum by lecturers in private higher education, and what lecturers experience the hidden curriculum to be.