bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lipo-PGE1 on Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Japan
Authors: Hoshi K , Fukuhara S
Published: February 2013

We investigated the effect of Lipo-PGE1, a prostaglandin (PG) E1 preparation used to treat cutaneous ulcers associated with systemic sclerosis (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), on health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) using the Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. A total of 192 SS and SLE patients were treated for 3 months. At baseline the scores for each of the five SF-36 subscales were significantly lower than the age- and sex-adjusted standard values for the Japanese general population. After treatment, mean (± SD) SF-36 scores for body pain and general health perception significantly increased from 48.6 ± 24.1 to 55.3 ± 26.1 and from 36.8 ± 16.7 to 40.2 ± 17, respectively. Emotional QOL parameters including vitality and mental health, however, showed no improvement. Physician-rated symptom scores significantly improved after administration of Lipo-PGE1. In conclusion, Lipo-PGE1 improved both cutaneous ulcers and HR-QOL, especially physical QOL.
Effects of Telomerase Activity on Carcinogenesis and Survival in Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Chen M , Yang B , Zhang X
Published: February 2013

This study aimed to look at whether a correlation exists between telomerase activity and survival of laryngeal carcinoma patients. Telomerase activity was measured by telomerase repeat amplification protocol in 31 laryngeal carcinomas and adjacent normal tissues, and in21 vocal cord polyps (controls). Follow-up was for at least 60 months. Telomerase activity in tissues adjacent to laryngeal carcinomas was significantly higher than in the carcinomas which was, in turn, significantly higher than in vocal cord polyps. There was no significant difference between telomerase activity in carcinomas or adjacent tissues and clinicopathological characteristics. Patients with high telomerase activity in carcinoma tissue had significantly shorter survival times than those with low activity, but no significance difference was observed between survival time and telomerase status in adjacent tissues. Linear regression showed significant association between telomerase activity levels in carcinoma tissues and survival time, but this was not observed in adjacent tissues. This study suggests that telomerase activation probably takes place before the cancer phenotype develops and has prognostic significance for survival of patients with laryngeal carcinoma.
Conversion from Standard Opioid Therapy to Once-daily Oral Extended-release Hydromorphone in Patients with Chronic Cancer Pain
Authors: Wallace M , Rauck RL , Moulin D , Thipphawong J , Khanna S , Tudor IC
Published: February 2013

This open-label, multicenter study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of conversion to once-daily OROS® hydromorphone from previous opioid agonist therapy in patients with chronic cancer pain. Patients were stabilized on their previous therapy before conversion at a 5:1 ratio of morphine sulfate to hydromorphone hydrochloride. The OROS® hydromorphone dose was titrated over 3–21 days to achieve effective analgesia and was maintained for up to 14 days. Efficacy was assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Adverse events and vital signs were monitored. Dose stabilization was achieved in 119 of the 127 (94%) patients who received the study medication; in 77%, stabilization was achieved with no titration steps. Mean BPI pain intensity ratings and BPI pain interference scores decreased significantly after OROS® hydromorphone treatment compared with pretreatment values. Mean pain-relief level remained stable after conversion and throughout treatment with OROS® hydromorphone. Adverse events were as expected for cancer patients receiving opioid agonists. There were no clinically significant changes in vital signs.
Current Trends in Multiple Myeloma Management
Authors: Redzepovic J , Weinmann G , Ott I , Gust R
Published: February 2013

Treatment of multiple myeloma, a B-cell cancer, is usually palliative, however, as a result of intensive clinical research there are numerous new treatment options available today. The present review summarizes non-transplant treatment options for multiple myeloma on the basis of available publications. Treatment with new substances, such as immunomodulatory agents, farnesyl transferase inhibitors and apoptosis stimulators, and their mechanisms of action are discussed. In addition to this systematic review of the available evidence on multiple myeloma therapy we have also summarized current recommendations from national and international organizations on aspects of the treatment of multiple myeloma. This should enable readers to see different points of view at a glance and, hopefully, will provide a basis for translation of the available evidence into the best possible therapy.
Cardiac Output Measurement by Arterial Waveform Analysis in Cardiac Surgery – a Comparison of Measurements Derived from Waveforms of the Radial Artery versus the Ascending Aorta
Authors: Sander M , Spies CD , Foer A , von Heymann C
Published: February 2013

In cardiac surgery, perioperative haemodynamic management is often guided by cardiac output (CO) measurements. The Vigileo™ monitor offers uncalibrated CO measurement by arterial waveform analysis (COwave). This validation study compared CO measurements derived from radial artery waveform analysis with those derived from the ascending aorta. CO measurements from the radial artery versus the ascending aorta showed a significant correlation before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, Bland–Altman analysis showed a mean bias of 0.1 l/min and 0.1 l/min, and limits of agreement (LOA) of +2.2 l/min and −1.9 l/min prior to CPB, and +2.5 l/min and −2.7 l/min after weaning from CPB. A comparison of these CO measurements showed a low mean bias, but wide LOA before and after CPB. Therefore measurements using uncalibrated COwave have to be interpreted with caution in a clinical situation.
Adherence to Standard Operating Procedures is Crucial for Intensive Care Unit Survival of Elderly Patients
Authors: Nachtigall I , Deja M , Tafelski S , Tamarkin A , Schaller K , Halle E , Gastmeier P , Wernecke KD , Bauer T , Kastrup M , Spies C
Published: February 2013

Elderly patients account for 42–52% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and for almost 60% of all ICU days in the USA and up to 50% receive inappropriate antibiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether adherence to Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) reduced ICU mortality in an elderly population. The study included consecutive patients ( n = 228) aged ≤ 60 years with an ICU stay of > 72 h. SOPs were based on evidence-based medicine guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of infections, and on local resistance rates. According to preset indicators of quality management standards and assessment of different degrees of adherence, an implementation rate > 70% was considered adherent (high adherence group [HAG]) and ≤ 70% was considered non-adherent (low adherence group [LAG]). Patients in the HAG ( n = 137) had significantly reduced mortality compared with LAG patients ( n = 91): 5.8% versus 19.8%, respectively. It was concluded that adherence to SOPs based on evidence-based medicine that consider local resistance rates for antibiotic treatment in elderly ICU patients is associated with a lower mortality rate.
Oxidative Stress in Chinese Patients with Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Wang JY , Gu YS , Wang J , Tong Y
Published: February 2013

The cellular mechanisms of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) are poorly understood and there is little information on the onset of blindness and neurological degeneration. Here we define the relationship between oxidative stress and LHON pathogenicity at the cellular level. Venous blood was obtained from 14 patients with LHON, 21 asymptomatic maternal relatives and 30 normal individuals (controls). The level of free radicals in blood was assessed as luminol luminescence immediately and at 10 min after addition of phytohaemagglutinin. In LHON patients and their asymptomatic relatives, free radicals increased significantly immediately after adding phytohaemagglutinin compared with baseline and normal controls. After 10 min, however, there were no significant differences between and within the groups. These results suggest that the antioxidant capacity is reduced in the blood of patients with LHON and in asymptomatic relatives, and that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of LHON.
Cost-effectiveness of Treatment for Acute Childhood Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) – a Systematic Review
Authors: Chen M , Zhang L-L , Hu M , Gao J , Tong R-S
Published: February 2013

The cost-effectiveness of treatment for acute paediatric idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was assessed to provide evidence for health-care decision making and rational drug use. A systematic review of studies published between 1980 and 7 September 2007 on the clinical effects and economic profiles of treating ITP was undertaken. The quality of the studies was critically appraised and checklists were developed to assess methodological quality and transferability to the Chinese setting. Out of 174 studies, five (one Chinese; four USA) satisfied all the predefined criteria for inclusion and form the basis of this report. Methodological quality of most of the foreign studies was high, but transferability to other countries was low. Use of steroids provided additional life years and was cost-effective compared with intravenous immunoglobulin G and anti-D immunoglobulin. In comparison, the quality of the Chinese studies was low and long-term research rare. It was difficult to compare cost-effectiveness in different health-care settings and no life-time economic evaluations were available.
A Fatal Neonatal Presentation of Medium-chain Acyl Coenzyme a Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: Cyriac J , Venkatesh V , Gupta C
Published: February 2013

Medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is the most common of the inborn errors of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. A male infant was born at 39 weeks of gestation following an uneventful pregnancy. He was discharged at age 28 h after a normal first-day check, but was subsequently re-admitted and died aged 44 h. Post-mortem blood and bile spot carnitine analysis revealed a profile consistent with MCAD deficiency. MCAD genotyping revealed 985 A to G (K329E) homozygosity. This is the first confirmed case of neonatal death due to MCAD deficiency in the UK.
Augmentation by Carnosic Acid of Apoptosis in Human Leukaemia Cells Induced by Arsenic Trioxide via Upregulation of the Tumour Suppressor PTEN
Authors: Wang R , Li H , Guo G , Li X , Yu X , Li H , Wang J , Liu F , Chen X
Published: February 2013

Carnosic acid is a strong dietary antioxidant derived from rosemary. Here, we have demonstrated that carnosic acid decreased viability of the human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line, HL-60, in dose- and time-dependent manners, and induced G1 arrest and apoptosis. Carnosic acid also augmented these effects when induced by a low (physiological) concentration of arsenic trioxide, which was associated with upregulation of p27 and activation of caspase-9. These effects appeared to be mediated by the induction of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) expression. These findings indicate that PTEN plays an important role in the coordinated induction of apoptosis and G1 arrest by carnosic acid and arsenic trioxide. Carnosic acid may have potential as an adjuvant in arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis therapy due to its anticipated safety and great potency in enhancing the apoptosis-inducing action of a low concentration of arsenic trioxide.
Lack of Association between Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Type I Aortic Dissection
Authors: Tangurek B , Ketenci B , Ozay B , Ozer N , Yilmaz H , Sayar N , Çiloglu F , Gorur A , Bolca O
Published: February 2013

The relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and type I aortic dissection was examined in 205 unrelated hypertensives. A total of 94 patients underwent emergency repair due to type I aortic dissection, confirmed by computed tomography, and the remaining 111 were controls. Polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm that ACE gene polymorphism was due to insertion (I) or deletion (D) of a 287 base pair (bp) DNA sequence within intron 16. The genotype distribution and allele frequency of ACE I/D polymorphism between patients and controls were not statistically significant. When the frequency of at least one D allele carrier (DD or ID genotype) was compared with the II homozygous genotype, there was also no significant difference between the study groups. The findings revealed no association between ACE I/D polymorphism and aortic dissection. We conclude that I/D mutation of the ACE gene does not seem to be a risk factor for aortic dissection.
Influence of SiRNA Targeting Survivin on Chemosensitivity of H460/cDDP Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Yang H , Fu J-H , Hu Y , Huang W-Z , Zheng B , Wang G , Zhang X , Wen J
Published: February 2013

We investigated the difference in survivin expression between a multidrug-resistant lung cancer cell line (H460/cDDP) and its parental counterpart (H460) and the influence of siRNA targeting survivin on the chemosensitivity of H460/cDDP. SiRNA targeting survivin was transfected into H460/cDDP cells using a liposome approach. Survivin mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in H460/cDDP than H460 cells. The median inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) for cisplatin and paclitaxol in vitro against H460/cDDP cells were significantly lower in cells treated with survivin-specific siRNA than in control cells. Apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3 expression were analysed using annexin V and Western blotting, respectively, and showed a significant increase in apoptosis after treatment with the chemotherapeutic agents plus specific siRNA. Specific siRNA sensitized H460/cDDP cells to both cisplatin and paclitaxol. Thus, survivin appears to participate in the multidrug resistance mechanism of H460/cDDP cells and siRNA targeting survivin has the potential to increase the sensitivity of drug-resistant cancer cells to anticancer drugs.
Negative Inotropic Effect of Rapamycin on Isolated Human Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Möllmann H , Nef HM , Kahlert P , Kostin S , Möllmann S , Weber M , Troidl C , Hamm CW , Holubarsch CJF , Elsässer A
Published: February 2013

Rapamycin is an increasingly important immunosuppressive drug and reduces restenosis after coronary stenting, but its effects on cardiac contractility are largely unknown. We investigated the acute inotropic effects of rapamycin on isolated human cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes were enzymatically isolated from right atrial appendages obtained during routine coronary artery bypass surgery. Cell morphology was examined by confocal microscopy. Cell contraction was recorded after electrical stimulation. Rapamycin elicited a concentration-dependent decrease in fractional cell shortening ranging from 14.3 ± 2.6% at 10−8 M rapamycin to 26.4 ± 4.2% at 10−5 M. Rapamycin also caused a concentration-dependent decrease in diastolic cell length. Contractile performance of isolated cardiomyocytes was well preserved, as evidenced by the profound positive inotropic effects of high extracellular calcium concentration and the β-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol. The acute negative inotropic effect of rapamycin on human cardiomyocytes might be due to altered calcium homeostasis through the binding of rapamycin to FKBP12.6 and its regulatory function on the ryanodine receptor, with increased calcium leakage from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and the Central Nervous System
Authors: Chen R , Liang FX , Moriya J , Yamakawa J , Sumino H , Kanda T , Takahashi T
Published: February 2013

An increasing amount of neuroimaging evidence supports the hypothesis that chronic fatigue syndrome patients have structural or functional abnormalities within the brain. Moreover, some neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters and cytokines have also been evaluated in order to elucidate the mechanism of abnormal neuropsychic findings in chronic fatigue syndrome. In this review, we suggest that the focal point of chronic fatigue syndrome research should be transferred to the central nervous system.
Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index during Rapid Eye Movement and Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Authors: Muraki M , Kitaguchi S , Ichihashi H , Haraguchi R , Iwanaga T , Kubo H , Higashiyama A , Tohda Y
Published: February 2013

This study investigated the differences in apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (AHI-REM) and AHI during non-REM (NREM) sleep (AHI-NREM) in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Nocturnal polysomnography was performed in 102 Japanese OSA patients and their AHI along with a variety of other factors were retrospectively evaluated. Regardless of the severity of AHI, mean apnoea duration was longer and patients' lowest recorded oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry was lower during REM sleep than during NREM sleep. Approximately half of the patients ( n = 50) had a higher AHI-NREM than AHI-REM. In subjects with AHI ≤ 60 events/h, AHI-NREM was significantly higher than AHI-REM. On multivariate logistic regression, severe AHI ≤ 30 events/h was the only predictor of a higher AHI-NREM than AHI-REM. This may indicate that important, but unknown, factors related to the mechanism responsible for the severity of OSA are operative during NREM sleep.
Rat Parathyroid Hormone 1 − 34 Signals through the MEK/ERK Pathway to Induce Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Liu X , Xie R , Liu S
Published: February 2013

This study aimed to characterize the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in cardiac hypertrophy induced by parathyroid hormone (PTH). Various concentrations of rat PTH1–34 were used to induce hypertrophy in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, and the effects were compared with control cells and those treated with PD98059, a selective inhibitor of MEK1. Hypertrophy was assessed in terms of cell diameter, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mRNA expression and protein synthesis; the MEK/ERK pathway was assessed by measuring levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2. Treatment with PTH1–34 at 100 nM for 24 h effectively induced cardiac hypertrophy (increased cell diameter, protein synthesis and ANP mRNA expression) and also increased levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 compared with normal control cells. Treatment with PTH1–34 plus PD98059 significantly attenuated these changes. These results demonstrate that inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway blocks PTH1–34-induced cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting that PTH1–34 might signal through the MAPK pathway to induce hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes.
Cellular Distribution of Tumour Suppressor Protein p53 and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-18 E6 Fusion Protein in Wild-Type p53 Cell Lines
Authors: Sun L , Gzhang G , Li Z , Lei T , Huang C , Song T , Si L
Published: February 2013

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are very important pathogens that can be classified as high- and low-risk types based on the lesions they cause. Mucosal high-risk HPV E6 can target and degrade the tumour suppressor p53, hence it is recognized as the major cause of cervical cancer, however, due to a lack of reliable anti-E6 antibodies, the distribution of high-risk HPV E6 protein remains elusive. The present study, therefore, used a mammalian green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression system to express GFP-18 E6 fusion proteins in wild-type p53 cells, SMMC-7721 and HCT116, in order to trace the location and expression of HPV E6 and p53 protein. Following transfection, expression of GFP-18 E6 was found to be located in the nucleus, and endogenous wild-type p53 was also located there with GFP-18 E6.
Using MRI to Determine Painful Vertebrae to be Treated by Kyphoplasty in Multiple-Level Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Prospective Study
Authors: Yang H-L , Wang G-L , Niu G-Q , Liu J-Y , Hiltner E , Meng B , Guo J-J , Tang T-S
Published: February 2013

A prospective study in 35 osteoporotic patients with 120 multiple-level vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) assessed the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine painful vertebrae for treatment with kyphoplasty (KP). A total of 51 vertebrae were identified as painful and selected for KP based on changes in MRI signal intensity between T1-weighted, T2-weighted and short tau inversion recovery MRI. Efficacy was assessed by the mean change in anterior/middle vertebral body height, Cobb's angle, a visual analogue pain scale and the Oswestry Disability Index at pre-operative, post-operative and final follow-up assessments. Significant improvements in all efficacy measures were observed at the post-operative versus pre-operative assessments; no significant differences were observed between post-operative and final follow-up assessments. It is concluded that painful vertebrae can be determined by MRI signal intensity changes and their selection for KP can improve outcomes in patients with multiple-level VCFs.
The Angio-Seal™ Arterial Closure Device for Early Ambulation after Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Receiving Low-Dose Enoxaparin
Authors: Lai Y-C , Kao H-L , Lin Y-H , Lin M-S , Ho Y-L , Chao C-L
Published: February 2013

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of use of the Angio-Seal™ vascular closure device deployment for early ambulation (2 h) after elective percutaneous coronary intervention in 143 consecutive patients receiving either intravenous low-dose enoxaparin (0.5 mg/kg) or unfractionated heparin (UFH). The initial success rate of Angio-Seal™ deployment was 98.6%, with no significant difference between the UFH group (98.9%) and the enoxaparin group (98.0%). In-hospital and clinic outcomes were evaluated in the 141 patients with successful Angio-Seal™ deployment. During hospitalization, there were no deaths, myocardial infarction, urgent target vessel revascularization or bleeding events in either group; three patients in the UFH group and none in the enoxaparin group had minor vascular complications (differences not significant). In clinic follow-up, two patients in the UFH group and none in the enoxaparin group had major vascular complications (differences not significant). Routine use of the Angio-Seal™ for early ambulation in patients receiving intravenous low-dose enoxaparin compared with UFH provides promising efficacy and safety for daily practice.
Postpartum Severe Sinus Bradycardia following Methylergonovine Administration
Authors: Ibrahim SM , Mustafa E , Louon A
Published: February 2013

The case is reported of a 30-year-old multigravida, with insignificant history and stable vital signs, admitted to the labour room for normal vaginal delivery of twins. She received combined spinal epidural analgesia (bupivacaine plus fentanyl) for 3 h. Following uneventful delivery she received 0.2 mg methylergonovine maleate, intramuscularly. Nausea and vomiting occurred 70 min after placenta delivery, heart rate decreased, arterial blood pressure increased and there was chest pain. After excluding cardiac ischaemia, 0.5 mg atropine sulphate was administered intravenously. Chest pain improved but heart rate and blood pressure increased more than expected. The patient had mild headache and nausea, and antiemetic 4 mg ondansetron was given intravenously. Continuous monitoring for 4 h showed spontaneous chest pain relief and blood pressure improvement. In conclusion, serious delayed side-effects arising from methylergonovine maleate can occur in young, normal patients and close monitoring is required. Intravenous atropine sulphate following methylergonovine maleate administration may lead to severe hypertension and tachycardia.
Isolated Intracranial Rosai-Dorfman Disease Mimicking Suprasellar Meningioma: Case Report with Review of the Literature
Authors: Swan S , Teng X , Zhan R , Yu J , Gu J , Zhang K
Published: February 2013

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is an idiopathic histiocytic proliferation affecting the lymph nodes. Isolated intracranial RDD is rare and usually appears as a well-defined, dural-based lesion without lymphadenopathy. The clinical and radiological features of intracranial RDD are similar to meningioma. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are essential for a definitive diagnosis. This is a report of a 43-year old male with isolated intracranial RDD, which manifested as a suprasellar meningioma. The clinical, radiological and pathological aspects of the disease are discussed within the context of a review of previously reported cases.
Insulin Gene Polymorphism in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Ferk P , Perme MP , Geršak K
Published: February 2013

Insulin resistance is one of the main characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is probably genetically predisposed. Possible associations of variable nucleotide tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the insulin gene ( INS) with insulin resistance and PCOS in Slovene patients were investigated. A total of 117 PCOS patients and 108 age-matched female controls were genotyped for the INS VNTR polymorphism using real-time polymerase chain reaction and measurement of appropriate biochemical and clinical parameters. Serum fasting insulin ( I0) levels and the homeostasis model assessment index were significantly elevated in PCOS patients compared with controls. Class III INS VNTR alleles were significantly more frequent in the PCOS group. The interaction between body mass index and INS VNTR genotype was a significant predictor of serum I0 level. The interaction of obesity and the III/III INS VNTR genotype might be a risk factor for the development of PCOS.
Advanced Malignant Pleural or Peritoneal Effusion in Patients Treated with Recombinant Adenovirus p53 Injection plus Cisplatin
Authors: Dong M , Li X , Hong L-J , Xie R , Zhao H-L , Li K , Wang H-H , Shin W-D , Shen H-J
Published: February 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant adenovirus p53 agent (rAd-p53) injection combined with cisplatin (CDDP) for the treatment of malignant pleural or peritoneal effusion. After puncture drainage, patients in the treatment group ( n = 27) received intracavitary administration of rAd-p53 (2 × 1012 virus particles) once a week for 4 weeks. At 48 h after each rAd-p53 injection, patients were given intracavitary administration of cisplatin 60 mg/m2. This administration procedure continued once a week for 4 weeks. The control group ( n = 21) received the same intracavitary therapy as the treatment group but without rAd-p53 therapy. Efficacy was evaluated by clinical observations, computed tomography, tumour markers, Karnofsky score and short-term follow-up. The total effective rates for the treatment group (63.0%) were significantly higher than for the control group (42.9%), suggesting that the treatment group benefited over the control group. In conclusion, rAd-p53 therapy is a safe and effective treatment for advanced malignant pleural or peritoneal effusion.
The Relationship between Intra-Operative Ultrasonography and Pathological Grade in Cerebral Glioma
Authors: Wang J , Liu X , Hou WH , Dong G , Wei Z , Zhou H , Duan YY
Published: February 2013

The value of intra-operative ultrasound as a tool in guiding resection of cerebral gliomas and the relationship between the appearance of brain tissue on intra-operative ultrasonography and pathological grade of cerebral glioma were investigated in 98 patients who underwent neurosurgical tumour removal. Lesions were classified according to pathological grade. Intra-operative ultrasonography orientated all the cerebral gliomas accurately and helped the neurosurgeon in assessing the tumour prior to removal. All lesions were hyperechoic compared with normal brain tissue, and the majority of lesions displayed irregular shapes and indistinct margins. Different pathological grades of glioma presented different ultrasonographic appearances. The majority of low-grade (I and II) cerebral gliomas were homogeneous, with distinct margins and clear surrounding oedema compared with adjacent brain tissue. High-grade (III and IV) cerebral gliomas mostly exhibited poorly defined borders and central necrosis, and the surrounding oedema was difficult to distinguish from the lesions. Residual tumour or haematoma were identified. In conclusion, intra-operative ultrasonography is of great value in locating and assessing the grade of cerebral glioma, and is conducive to enabling early evaluation and total removal of the lesion.
Correlation of Tumour Markers in Ascitic Fluid and Serum: Are Measurements of Ascitic Tumour Markers a Futile Attempt?
Authors: Tuzun Y , Çelik Y , Bayan K , Yilmaz S , Dursun M , Canoruc F
Published: February 2013

Correlations between tumour markers in ascitic fluid and serum were investigated to determine whether ascitic fluid analysis had any diagnostic advantage over serum in 91 adults with ascites (55 malign; 36 benign). Serum and ascitic fluid were analysed for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA) 125, CA19.9, CA72.4, CA15.3, α-fetoprotein (AFP) and cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA). The tumour markers were skewed between the groups so were logarithmically transformed. Correlations between serum and ascitic fluid were tested using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Serum and ascitic fluid levels of CEA, CA125, CYFRA and AFP in the malign group were statistically different and CEA, CA19.9, CA5.3, CYFRA and AFP were statistically different in the benign group. For both groups, all tumour markers were highly correlated in serum and ascitic fluid, with the exception of CYFRA in the malign group. These results indicate that, where malignant ascites is suspected, analysing tumour markers in ascitic fluid does not have any advantage over serum analysis.
Over-Expression of c-maf by Chondrocytes in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Li T , Xiao J , Wu Z , Qiu G
Published: February 2013

The c- maf gene expression profile was investigated in normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage using in situ hybridization, qualitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Osteoarthritic samples were obtained from 10 patients undergoing total knee replacement for severe osteoarthritis of the knee joints, and control samples from 10 trauma patients undergoing amputation. Expression of c- maf was significantly upregulated in osteoarthritic cartilage compared with normal cartilage. Using in situ hybridization, distribution of a specific c- maf mRNA signal was found in the top zone and a decreased signal was found in the lower middle zone and the deep zone in osteoarthritic cartilage. A prominent c- maf mRNA signal was seen particularly in proliferating ‘chondrocyte clusters’. In contrast, in normal cartilage almost no c- maf-positive cells were found. These findings suggest that c- maf may be important in chondrocyte hypertrophy and terminal differentiation, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
The Use of Local 17β-Oestradiol Treatment for Improving Vaginal Symptoms Associated with Postmenopausal Oestrogen Deficiency
Authors: Yumru AE , Bozkurt M , Coşkun E Inci , Baykan G
Published: February 2013

The effects of local 17β-oestradiol therapy on the vaginal mucosa and endometrial thickness were studied in 35 post-menopausal women with symptoms of vaginal atrophy. Signs and symptoms of vaginal atrophy were measured by anamnesis, visual examination and the maturation index before and after 12 weeks' treatment with 17β-oestradiol in the form of vaginal tablets. The maturation proportion on vaginal smear, endometrial thickness on transvaginal ultrasonography and plasma concentrations of folliclestimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and oestradiol were also determined. All vaginal atrophy signs and symptoms significantly improved and there was a significant increase in vaginal smear maturation with 17β-oestradiol treatment. Endometrial thickness did not change significantly. It is concluded that 17β-oestradiol improves the signs and symptoms of vaginal atrophy without causing endometrial stimulation and offers a safe and effective alternative to systemic hormone replacement therapy for the treatment of vaginal symptoms associated with post-menopausal oestrogen deficiency.
Long-Term Effects of the Oral Adsorbent, AST-120, in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Maeda K , Hamada C , Hayashi T , Shou I , Wakabayashi M , Fukui M , Horikoshi S , Tomino Y
Published: February 2013

The oral adsorbent AST-120 has been widely used in Japan to delay the initiation of dialysis therapy in patients with chronic renal failure. This study evaluated the long-term effects of AST-120 in patients with chronic renal failure who had not previously undergone dialysis. One hundred out-patients were prospectively enrolled and prescribed 6 g/day oral AST-120 for ≥ 1 year. The clinical effectiveness of AST-120 was evaluated by comparing changes in the slope of the reciprocal serum creatinine-time plot (1/sCr slope) before and after AST-120 administration. The 1/sCr slope improved significantly after ≥ 1 year of AST-120 treatment and greatest improvement was observed in patients with the longest AST-120 administration period (> 30 months). The results suggest that long-term treatment with AST-120 may be beneficial for chronic renal failure patients in the pre-dialysis stage.
Oral Magnesium Prophylaxis Provides Spontaneous Resumption of Cardiac Rhythm in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Bełoğul Y , Aslan R
Published: February 2013

Evidence is growing that magnesium supplementation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is beneficial, however the best administration route has not been established. Previously, we showed that intra-operative direct flush infusion of magnesium into the aortic root before reperfusion was effective. The present study compared pre-operative oral administration of magnesium for 10 days with intra-operative flush infusion of magnesium for spontaneous resumption of cardiac rhythm and ventricular fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP). The rate of spontaneous resumption of cardiac rhythm, the number of shocks required for defibrillation, the energy required for defibrillation and the occurrence of post-CPB ventricular tachyarrhythmias were not significantly different between the groups. Serum magnesium levels were minimally increased following administration of magnesium but were within the normal range at all times in both groups. Oral administration of magnesium might provide myoprotective effects during cardiac surgery, but larger trials with a greater statistical power need to be carried out in order to show this.
Differential Effects of Single versus Double Aortic Clamping on Myocardial Protection during Coronary Bypass
Authors: Tiryakioglu O , Sayar U , Demirtas S , Goncu T , Yumun G , Ozyazicioglu A
Published: February 2013

The effects of double ( n = 60, group 1) versus single ( n = 60, group 2) aortic clamping on myocardial function and protection were investigated during coronary artery bypass grafting using a heart-lung pump. In group 1, after opening the cross clamp, proximal anastomosis was completed using side clamps and, in group 2, distal and proximal anastomosis was completed with a single clamp. Cross clamping time in the single-clamp patients (group 2; 77.1 min) was significantly higher than in the double-clamp patients (group 1; 62.9 min). Troponin T was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 h and 24 h after surgery. Post-operative left ventricular ejection fraction decreased in both groups, but this was not statistically significant. Post-operative wall motion score index and myocardial performance index increased significantly in both groups compared with the pre-operative level. Overall, the double-clamp technique provided better myocardial protection than the single-clamp technique and neither technique seemed to have a negative impact on the early post-operative global functioning of the left ventricle, however the effect of these techniques on the global functioning of the left ventricle in the late postoperative period needs to be evaluated.
Axonal Degeneration of Nigra-striatum Dopaminergic Neurons Induced by 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine in Mice
Authors: Li L-H , Qin H-Z , Wang J-L , Wang J , Wang X-L , Gao G-D
Published: February 2013

As one of the main pathological changes of Parkinson's disease (PD), axonal degeneration was thought to be a passive process that is secondary to the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons and, therefore, it has been overlooked for some time. Recent research, however, has indicated that axonal injury is the first location of damage in dopaminergic neurons in PD, and that the degree of injury in axonal degeneration is higher than in neural death. This study explored the relationship between apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons and their axonal degeneration by observing dopaminergic neuronal injury and axonal degeneration in the substantia nigra-striatum in different animal PD model and control groups. The results show that axonal degeneration plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD and suggest that the process of axonal degeneration occurs independently of apoptosis and may even induce neuronal apoptosis. Thus, preventing axonal degeneration may be a potential new therapeutic strategy for PD.
A Very Rare Complication: New Hair Growth around Healing Wounds
Authors: Sun ZY , Diao JS , Guo SZ , Yin GQ
Published: February 2013

We present the case of a patient in whom active new hair growth occurred around a wound after healing. This very rare phenomenon has not previously been reported in the literature. We postulate that, after the epidermis and hair follicles have been damaged by wounding, it is possible for them naturally to heal and repair if provided with an appropriate chemical and physical microenvironment. This hypothesis may inspire new thinking in the management of alopecia, tissue engineering and the regeneration of other organs.
Subpopulations of Stem-like Cells in Side Population Cells from the Human Bladder Transitional Cell Cancer Cell Line T24
Authors: Ning Z-F , Huang Y-J , Lin T-X , Zhou Y-X , Jiang C , Xu K-W , Huang H , Yin X-B , Huang J
Published: February 2013

Cancer stem cells can be isolated from human tumours using specific cell surface markers. Bladder cancer cells, however, lack specific cell surface markers, making this approach impracticable. In this study an alternative method was used, involving isolation of side population cells to explore the stem cell characteristics of bladder cancer. Side population cells were isolated from the bladder transitional cell cancer cell line T24 and examined for potential stem cell characteristics related to proliferation, cell cycle distribution, self-renewal and differentiation. It was observed that T24 side population cells have stronger proliferative and colony formation abilities than non-side population cells. Side population cells were also more resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which may be due to expression of the ATP-binding cassette half-transporter, sub-family G, member 2 protein. Overall, the results suggest that side population cells from the human bladder transitional cell cancer cell line T24 harbour stem-like cells.
Polyphyllin D Exerts Potent Anti-tumour Effects on Lewis Cancer Cells under Hypoxic Conditions
Authors: Ma D-D , Lu H-X , Xu L-S , Xiao W
Published: February 2013

Paris polyphylla has been used to treat cancer in China for many years and components of the plant, such as polyphyllin D, may have potent antiproliferative effects in vitro To investigate the potential antitumour effects of polyphyllin D on cancer cells under hypoxia, Lewis lung cancer cells and mouse tracheal epithelial cells were cultured with or without polyphyllin D under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Proliferation and apoptosis of cells were assayed. Real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA. Polyphyllin D decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and inhibited expression of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNAs in Lewis cells. These effects were greater under hypoxic than normoxic conditions. Polyphyllin D did not show a cytotoxic effect in non-tumour cells (mouse skin fibroblasts and tracheal epithelial cells). These results suggest that polyphyllin D potentially has anticancer effects in vitro under hypoxia.
Comparison of Slime-producing Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus Colonization Rates on Vinyl and Ceramic Tile Flooring Materials
Authors: Yazgi H , Uyanik MH , Ayyildiz A
Published: February 2013

This study investigated the colonization of slime-producing coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) in 80 patient wards in Turkey (40 vinyl and 40 ceramic tile floors). A total of 480 samples that included 557 CoNS isolates were obtained. Slime production was investigated with the Christensen method and methicillin-susceptibility was tested by the diskdiffusion method. There was a significant difference in the percentage of slime-producing CoNS isolates on vinyl (12.4%) versus ceramic tile flooring (4.4%). From vinyl flooring, the percentage of slime producing methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS) (8.9%) was significantly higher than for methicillin-sensitive CoNS (MSCoNS) (3.6%), whereas there was no difference from ceramic tile flooring (2.5% MRCoNS versus 1.8% MSCoNS). The most commonly isolated slime-producing CoNS species was S. epidermidis on both types of flooring. It is concluded that vinyl flooring seems to be a more suitable colonization surface for slime-producing CoNS than ceramic tile floors. Further studies are needed to investigate bacterial strains colonized on flooring materials, which are potential pathogens for nosocomial infections.
Use of Cerebral State Index Monitoring to Detect Purposeful Movement in Unsedated Brain-injured Patients
Authors: Wang Q , Xu M , Lei Y-N , Wang G-N , Zhou J-X
Published: February 2013

To test whether the cerebral state index (CSI) can be used as a measurement of the level of consciousness in unsedated brain-injured patients, 21 brain-injured adults were prospectively assessed in 77 separate sessions. After CSI monitoring was set up, the patient's motor responses to verbal and/or painful stimuli were assessed. CSI values were recorded before and after external stimulation. Purposeful movement in response to external stimuli was defined as command obeying and pain localization. Mean maximal CSI values increased significantly after external stimulation: from 71 to 89 and 49 to 62 in patients exhibiting purposeful and non-purposeful movements, respectively. The CSI value showed a high prediction probability (PK < 0.8) for detecting purposeful movement to external stimuli, especially after external stimulation (PK < 0.9). These results suggest that CSI monitoring might be a valid method for detecting purposeful movement in response to external stimuli in unsedated brain-injured patients.
Predicting the Probability for Fall Incidence in Stroke Patients Using the Berg Balance Scale
Authors: Maeda N , Kato J , Shimada T
Published: February 2013

This observational study investigated the relationship between balance, mobility and falls in 72 hemiplegic stroke inpatients, with the aim of developing a model for predicting fall risk. Fall history was recorded by interview, balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and activities of daily living were evaluated using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Variables differing between fallers and non-fallers were identified, and a stepwise regression analysis was performed to identify a combination of variables that effectively predicted fall status. Fallers (occasional and repeat; n = 27) had a shorter time from stroke onset, lower FIM scores on admission and discharge, lower BBS and Mini-Mental State Examination scores, a greater age and longer length of hospital stay compared with non-fallers (all differences were significant). A logistic model for predicting falls showed that BBS at admission was significantly related to falls, with fallers having lower BBS scores at admission (cut-off ≤ 29; sensitivity 80%; specificity 78%). These data suggest BBS is a sensitive and specific measure for identifying stroke patients at risk of falling.
Unmet Needs of Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Interview Survey of Patients and Caregivers
Authors: Hatano T , Kubo S-I , Shimo Y , Nishioka K , Hattori N
Published: February 2013

We performed a 20-item questionnaire-based interview of 132 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD): 81 patients with Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stage I–III PD, and 51 caregivers of patients with H&Y stage IV–V PD, to evaluate patient and caregiver satisfaction with PD treatment. The survey revealed that PD patients often experience non-motor symptoms, which are not adequately alleviated by antiparkinsonian agents. Furthermore, PD patients want their physicians to listen to them and take their concerns seriously, to explain their disease comprehensively, and to provide the latest information on PD and its treatment. Both patients and caregivers agreed on anxiety toward the future, communication difficulties, and their different movement pace; however, there were differences in their relative perceptions of various aspects of daily care. The evaluation revealed that PD patients have unmet needs in their treatment and standards of care. Areas for future improvement as highlighted in this study include: the development of better treatment for motor symptoms, the development of new treatments for non-motor symptoms and improved two-way communication between patient and physician.
The Role of c-Jun N-terminal Kinases 1/2 in Transforming Growth Factor β1-induced Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Scar Formation in the Cornea
Authors: Chang Y , Wu X-Y
Published: February 2013

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role in corneal scar formation, mediated by connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). This study was designed to investigate the effect of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1 and 2 on TGF-β1-regulated CTGF gene expression and corneal scar formation in telomerase-immortalized human corneal stroma fibroblast (THSF) cells. The effects of CTGF, TGF-β1 and a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) on the proliferation of THSF cells were studied using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Both CTGF and TGF-β1 increased THSF cell proliferation and SP600125 inhibited this effect. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that TGF-β1 stimulated the activation of JNK1/2 and induced cell migration, effects that were inhibited by SP600125. Analysis by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction showed that the mRNA levels of the genes for CTGF, fibronectin and collagen Iα1 in wound and corneal scar formation were reduced by SP600125 pre-treatment.
Ghrelin and Obestatin Levels in End-stage Renal Disease
Authors: Aygen B , Dogukan A , Dursun FE , Aydin S , Kilic N , Sahpaz F , Celiker H
Published: February 2013

Malnutrition is fairly common in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, persistent lack of appetite being a major symptom. Ghrelin and obestatin are two hormones that are involved in appetite and energy homeostasis. The present study examined ghrelin and obestatin levels in 24 ESRD patients undergoing haemodialysis and 24 age-matched healthy controls. Serum and saliva ghrelin and obestatin levels in the ESRD patients were significantly higher compared with controls, while saliva ghrelin and obestatin levels in all study participants were significantly higher than serum levels. Saliva ghrelin correlated with serum ghrelin and saliva obestatin correlated with serum obestatin in all study participants, although there was no correlation between ghrelin and obestatin levels. In conclusion, the results suggest that the kidneys may have a role in the metabolism and/or clearance of obestatin, as they do for ghrelin. Further studies are needed to determine if elevated levels of these hormones in ESRD patients contribute to the malnutrition that is common in these patients.