bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flickering in Information Spreading Precedes Critical Transitions in Financial Markets
Authors: Gatfaoui Hayette , de Peretti Philippe
Published: April 2019

As many complex dynamical systems, financial markets exhibit sudden changes or tipping points that can turn into systemic risk. This paper aims at building and validating a new class of early warning signals of critical transitions. We base our analysis on information spreading patterns in dynamic temporal networks, where nodes are connected by short-term causality. Before a tipping point occurs, we observe flickering in information spreading, as measured by clustering coefficients. Nodes rapidly switch between "being in" and "being out" the information diffusion process. Concurrently, stock markets start to desynchronize. To capture these features, we build two early warning indicators based on the number of regime switches, and on the time between two switches. We divide our data into two sub-samples. Over the first one, using receiver operating curve, we show that we are able to detect a tipping point about one year before it occurs. For instance, our empirical model perfectly predicts the Global Financial Crisis. Over the second sub-sample, used as a robustness check, our two statistical metrics also capture, to a large extent, the 2016 financial turmoil. Our results suggest that our indicators have informational content about a future tipping point, and have therefore strong policy implications.
An extremely heavy chlorine reservoir in the Moon: Insights from the apatite in lunar meteorites
Authors: Wang Ying , Hsu Weibiao , Guan Yunbin
Published: April 2019

Chlorine, an extremely hydrophilic volatile element, provides important information regarding the origin of intrinsic volatiles in the Moon. Lunar apatite was found to have a wider spread of δ37Cl (from −1 to +40‰ versus standard mean ocean chloride) than most terrestrial and chondritic ones (0 ± 0.5‰). However, the provenance of the elevated lunar δ37Cl is still enigmatic. Here we report new isotopic data for H and Cl in apatite from three lunar meteorites and discuss possible mechanisms for Cl isotopic fractionation of the Moon. The apatite grain in Dhofar 458 has an average δ37Cl value of +76‰, indicative of an extremely heavy Cl reservoir in the Moon. Volatile loss associated with the Moon-forming Giant Impact and the formation of lunar magma ocean could account for the large Cl isotopic fractionation of the Moon. The observed H2O contents (220–5200 ppm), δD (−100 to +550‰) and δ37Cl values (+3.8 − +81.1‰) in lunar apatite could be understood if late accretion of hydrous components were added to the Moon after the fractionation of Cl isotopes. The heterogeneous distribution of lunar Cl isotopes is probably resulted from complex lunar formation and differentiation processes.
Wafer-scale and selective-area growth of high-quality hexagonal boron nitride on Ni(111) by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Jeong Hokyeong , Kim Dong Yeong , Kim Jaewon , Moon Seokho , Han Nam , Lee Seung Hee , Okello Odongo Francis Ngome , Song Kyung , Choi Si-Young , Kim Jong Kyu
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate wafer-scale growth of high-quality hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) film on Ni(111) template using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Compared with inert sapphire substrate, the catalytic Ni(111) template facilitates a fast growth of high-quality h-BN film at the relatively low temperature of 1000 °C. Wafer-scale growth of a high-quality h-BN film with Raman E2g peak full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 18~24 cm−1 is achieved, which is to the extent of our knowledge the best reported for MOCVD. Systematic investigation of the microstructural and chemical characteristics of the MOCVD-grown h-BN films reveals a substantial difference in catalytic capability between the Ni(111) and sapphire surfaces that enables the selective-area growth of h-BN at pre-defined locations over a whole 2-inch wafer. These achievement and findings have advanced our understanding of the growth mechanism of h-BN by MOCVD and will contribute an important step toward scalable and controllable production of high-quality h-BN films for practical integrated two-dimensional materials-based systems and devices.
Herbivore dung quality affects plant community diversity
Authors: Valdés-Correcher Elena , Sitters Judith , Wassen Martin , Brion Natacha , Olde Venterink Harry
Published: April 2019

Nutrient availability is important for plant community composition and diversity, but most studies focus on inorganic nutrients. Far less is known about the impact of nutrients in organic forms such as herbivore dung. Here we show that dung of 11 European herbivore species varies widely in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, as well as in C:N:P ratios. We demonstrate that variation in dung quality of five herbivore species influences the diversity and composition of a mesocosm plant community. The impact of dung quality was at least as strong as, or stronger than, the effect of manipulating the quantity of dung by a factor six. Our study supports the hypothesis that both nutrient quantity and nutrient imbalances are important controlling factors for plant species diversity, and stresses the important role of herbivores on plant communities, not only via selective foraging, but also via stoichiometric variation of nutrients in their dung.
Simulation of exotherms from the oxidation of accumulated carbonaceous species over a VSCR catalyst
Authors: Xi Yuanzhou , Ottinger Nathan A. , Liu Z. Gerald
Published: April 2019

A model is built to simulate the burn-off process of accumulated carbonaceous species over a VSCR catalyst.
Cohesive and adhesive properties of crosslinked semiflexible biopolymer networks
Authors: Zhang Yao , DeBenedictis Elizabeth P. , Keten Sinan
Published: April 2019

Cohesive and adhesive properties of a semiflexible biopolymer network are correlated: stiff networks tend to have lower interfacial energy, and lower work of adhesion; considerable strain energy is stored within the network and contributes significantly to the work of adhesion.
Low-dimensional emissive states in non-stoichiometric methylammonium lead halide perovskites
Authors: Freestone Benjamin G. , Smith Joel A. , Piana Giacomo , Kilbride Rachel C. , Parnell Andrew J. , Sortino Luca , Coles David M. , Ball Orianna B. , Martsinovich Natalia , Thompson Courtney J. , Alanazi Tarek I. , Game Onkar S. , Tartakovskii Alexander I. , Lagoudakis Pavlos , Lidzey David G.
Published: April 2019

Self-assembly of excitonic nanostructures from excess cationic MAI:PbCl2perovskite solutions.
A general strategy for visible-light decaging based on the quinone cis-alkenyl lock
Authors: Walton David P. , Dougherty Dennis A.
Published: April 2019

Combining the fast thermal cyclization of o-coumaric acid derivatives with the intramolecular photoreduction of quinones gives new visible-light photoremovable protecting groups absorbing well above 450 nm.
A cancer cell membrane-encapsulated MnO2 nanoreactor for combined photodynamic-starvation therapy
Authors: Pan Wei , Ge Yegang , Yu Zhengze , Zhou Ping , Cui Bingjie , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate a MnO2-based nanoreactor to achieve continuous oxygen generation and efficient conversion from glucose to singlet oxygen for combined photodynamic-starvation therapy.
Efficient sky-blue OLEDs with extremely low efficiency roll-off based on stable iridium complexes with a bis(diphenylphorothioyl)amide ligand
Authors: Zhang Lin , Yan Zhi-Ping , Zheng You-Xuan
Published: April 2019

Two sky-blue Ir(iii) complexes, with peaks at 466 and 474 nm, were applied to OLEDs, with a maximum EQE of 19.4% and extremely low efficiency roll-off.
Generation of maghemite nanocrystals from iron–sulfur centres
Authors: Banerjee Samya , Omlor Andreas , Wolny Juliusz A. , Han Yisong , Lermyte Frederik , Godfrey Amy E. , O'Connor Peter B. , Schünemann Volker , Danaie Mohsen , Sadler Peter J.
Published: April 2019

Electron beam induced generation of maghemite nanocrystals from polymer-encapsulated iron–sulfur centres.
Heteronuclear d–d and d–f Ru(ii)/M complexes [M = Gd(iii), Yb(iii), Nd(iii), Zn(ii) or Mn(ii)] of ligands combining phenanthroline and aminocarboxylate binding sites: combined relaxivity, cell imaging and photophysical studies
Authors: Crowston Bethany J. , Shipp James D. , Chekulaev Dimitri , McKenzie Luke K. , Jones Callum , Weinstein Julia A. , Meijer Anthony J. H. , Bryant Helen E. , Natrajan Louise , Woodward Adam , Ward Michael D.
Published: April 2019

d/d and d/f heterodinuclear and heterotrinuclear complexes were studied for their photophysical and imaging properties.
A rational design of a Pd-based catalyst with a metal–metal oxide interface influencing molecular oxygen in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols
Authors: Meher Songhita , Rana Rohit Kumar
Published: April 2019

The Pd–PdO interface stabilized on the rGO surface is shown to be the key to achieve enhanced catalytic activity in oxidation of alcohols under O2 as the oxidant.
Investigations of matrix independent calibration approaches in fast flow glow discharge mass spectrometry
Authors: Gonzalez-Gago Cristina , Šmíd Petr , Hofmann Thomas , Venzago Cornel , Hoffmann Volker , Gruner Wolfgang , Pfeifer Jens , Richter Silke , Kipphardt Heinrich
Published: April 2019

The performance of glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS) is investigated for the accurate quantification of metallic impurities and oxygen in solid samples using the fast flow source GD-MS instrument ELEMENT GD.
When gold stops glittering: corrosion mechanisms of René Lalique's Art Nouveau jewellery
Authors: Tissot I. , Correia J. , Monteiro O. C. , Barreiros M. A. , Guerra M. F.
Published: April 2019

Art Nouveau jewellery created by René Lalique is presently corroded and for the first time the corrosion mechanisms are identified.
The intriguing chemistry and biology of soraphens
Authors: Naini Arun , Sasse Florenz , Brönstrup Mark
Published: April 2019

Soraphens, discovered from the myxobacterial strainSorangium cellulosum, have intrigued chemists and biologists due to their diverse biological effects mediated by the potent inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase.
Controllable defect driven symmetry change and domain structure evolution in BiFeO3with enhanced tetragonality
Authors: Chen Chao , Wang Changan , Cai Xiangbin , Xu Chao , Li Caiwen , Zhou Jingtian , Luo Zhenlin , Fan Zhen , Qin Minghui , Zeng Min , Lu Xubing , Gao Xingsen , Kentsch Ulrich , Yang Ping , Zhou Guofu , Wang Ning , Zhu Ye , Zhou Shengqiang , Chen Deyang , Liu Jun-Ming
Published: April 2019

True tetragonal BiFeO3with c/a ratio of ∼1.3.
Morphology control and property design of boronate dynamic nanostructures
Authors: Zhao Fuli , Dong Anjie , Deng Liandong , Guo Ruiwei , Zhang Jianhua
Published: April 2019

The morphogenesis of boronate dynamic nanostructures (BDNs) with different building blocks was systematically investigated to elucidate their design rules.
Self-assembled membrane manufactured by metal–organic framework (UiO-66) coated γ-Al2O3 for cleaning oily seawater
Authors: Li Cunlong , Zhang Yuqing , Yong Ming , Liu Wei , Wang Jiaqi
Published: April 2019

The self-assembled membrane manufactured by UA composites exhibits excellent separation performance and water yield in the treatment of oily seawater.
High pairing rate Janus-structured microfibers and array: high-efficiency conjugate electrospinning fabrication, structure analysis and co-instantaneous multifunctionality of anisotropic conduction, magnetism and enhanced red fluorescence
Authors: Tian Jiao , Ma Qianli , Yu Wensheng , Li Dan , Dong Xiangting , Liu Guixia , Wang Jinxian
Published: April 2019

High pairing rate Janus-structured microfibers and their arrays, rendering simultaneous anisotropic conduction, magnetism and fluorescence, are successfully fabricated via conjugate electrospinning.
EDTA-bonded multi-connected carbon-dots and their Eu3+ complex: preparation and optical properties
Authors: Ji Tianhao , Fan Peidong , Li Xueli , Mei Zhipeng , Mao Yongyun , Tian Yanqing
Published: April 2019

EDTA-bonded multi-connected carbon-dots (EDTA–C-dots) were prepared from carbon dot precursors and complexed with Eu3+ to give Eu3+-coordinated EDTA-bonded multi-connected carbon dots (Eu–EDTA–C-dots).
Synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene wrapped SnO2 hollow spheres as high-performance microwave absorbers
Authors: Dai Weiyong , Luo Hui , Chen Fu , Wang Xian , Xiong Ying , Cheng Yongzhi , Gong Rongzhou
Published: April 2019

Nitrogen-doped graphene/SnO2 hollow sphere hybrids were synthesized and show high-performance microwave absorption properties.
Identification of critical growth factors for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Zhang Ruirui , Zhang Yan , Yi Sheng
Published: April 2019

Growth factors are essential for the repair and regeneration of tissues and organs, including injured peripheral nerves.
Correction: Effect of nanostructuration on the spin crossover transition in crystalline ultrathin films
Authors: Rubio-Giménez Víctor , Bartual-Murgui Carlos , Galbiati Marta , Núñez-López Alejandro , Castells-Gil Javier , Quinard Benoit , Seneor Pierre , Otero Edwige , Ohresser Philippe , Cantarero Andrés , Coronado Eugenio , Real José Antonio , Mattana Richard , Tatay Sergio , Martí-Gastaldo Carlos
Published: April 2019

Correction for ‘Effect of nanostructuration on the spin crossover transition in crystalline ultrathin films’ by Víctor Rubio-Giménez et al., Chem. Sci., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04935a.
Autofluorescence of hydrogels without a fluorophore
Authors: Xu Hua-Xiu , Tan Yun , Wang Di , Wang Xiong-Lei , An Wen-Li , Xu Ping-Ping , Xu Shimei , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: April 2019

Carbonyl-containing hydrogels exhibit autofluorescence with varied intensity depending on the gel structure and water content.
The pathway and kinetics of hierarchical assembly of ionic oligomers into a lyotropic columnar phase
Authors: Huang Weiheng , Wei Shenghui , Frenkel Daan , Huang Ningdong
Published: April 2019

In situ investigations on the formation of a lyotropic liquid crystal phase through supramolecular assembly in solution suggest a multi-step pathway.
Rhinovirus-induces progression of lung disease in a mouse model of COPD via IL-33/ST2 signaling axis
Authors: Gimenes Joao A. , Srivastava Vikram , ReddyVari Hymavathi , Kotnala Sudhir , Mishra Rahul , Farazuddin Mohamed , Li Wuyan , Sajjan Umadevi S.
Published: April 2019

Rhinovirus (RV), which is associated with acute exacerbations, also causes persistent lung inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the underlying mechanisms are not well-known. Recently, we demonstrated that RV causes persistent lung inflammation with accumulation of a subset of macrophages (CD11b+/CD11c+), and CD8+ T cells, and progression of emphysema. In the present study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the RV-induced persistent inflammation and progression of emphysema in mice with COPD phenotype. Our results demonstrate that at 14 days post-RV infection, in addition to sustained increase in CCL3, CXCL-10 and IFN-γ expression as previously observed, levels of interleukin-33 (IL-33), a ligand for ST2 receptor, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)12 are also elevated in mice with COPD phenotype, but not in normal mice. Further, MMP12 was primarily expressed in CD11b+/CD11c+ macrophages. Neutralization of ST2, reduced the expression of CXCL-10 and IFN-γ and attenuated accumulation of CD11b+/CD11c+ macrophages, neutrophils and CD8+ T cells in COPD mice. Neutralization of IFN-γ, or ST2 attenuated MMP12 expression and prevented progression of emphysema in these mice. Taken together, our results indicate that RV may stimulate expression of CXCL-10 and IFN-γ via activation of ST2/IL-33 signaling axis, which in turn promote accumulation of CD11b+/CD11c+ macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, RV-induced IFN-γ stimulates MMP12 expression particularly in CD11b+/CD11c+ macrophages, which may degrade alveolar walls thus leading to progression of emphysema in these mice. In conclusion, our data suggest an important role for ST2/IL-33 signaling axis in RV-induced pathological changes in COPD mice.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing for genodermatoses: progress and perspectives
Authors: Naso Gaetano , Petrova Anastasia
Published: April 2019

Genodermatoses constitute a clinically heterogeneous group of devastating genetic skin disorders. Currently, therapy options are largely limited to symptomatic treatments and although significant advances have been made in ex vivo gene therapy strategies, various limitations remain. However, the recent technical transformation of the genome editing field promises to overcome the hurdles associated with conventional gene addition approaches. In this review, we discuss the need for developing novel treatments and describe the current status of gene editing for genodermatoses, focusing on a severe blistering disease called epidermolysis bullosa (EB), for which significant progress has been made. Initial research utilized engineered nucleases such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases and meganucleases. However, over the last few years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) have upstaged older generation gene editing tools. We examine different strategies for CRISPR/Cas9 application that can be employed depending on the type and position of the mutation as well as the mode of its inheritance. Promising developments in the field of base editing opens new avenues for precise correction of single base substitutions, common in EB and other genodermatoses. We also address the potential limitations and challenges such as safety concerns and delivery efficiency. This review gives an insight into the future of gene editing technologies for genodermatoses.
Distributed adaptive fractional‐order fault‐tolerant cooperative control of networked unmanned aerial vehicles via fuzzy neural networks
Authors: Yu Ziquan , Zhang Youmin , Liu Zhixiang , Qu Yaohong , Su Chun‐Yi
Published: April 2019

This study presents a distributed fault‐tolerant cooperative control (FTCC) strategy to achieve the attitude synchronisation tracking control of networked unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the presence of actuator faults and model uncertainties. By utilising the fuzzy neural networks (FNNs), the unknown non‐linear terms induced by actuator faults and model uncertainties are estimated as lumped uncertainties. A set of distributed sliding‐mode estimators (DSMEs) is then employed to estimate the leader UAV's attitudes for the follower UAVs via a distributed communication network. Based on the estimated knowledge from FNNs and DSMEs, a group of distributed FTCC laws is developed for all follower UAVs by using the fractional‐order calculus. It is proven that with the proposed control scheme, all follower UAVs can track the attitudes of the leader UAV and the tracking errors are uniformly ultimately bounded even when a portion of networked UAVs encounters multiple actuator faults. Comparative simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Enabling electricity access: revisiting load models for AC‐grid operation ‐ Part I
Authors: Al‐Sumaiti Ameena Saad , Salama Magdy , El‐Moursi Mohamed , Alsumaiti Tareefa S. , Marzband Mousa
Published: April 2019

Meeting electricity demand in remote communities and non‐electrified regions in the poor developing world is a challenge. Power generation is in shortage compared to electricity demand. Electric utilities either would enforce grid's zonal load curtailment or not electrify regions. Controlling electricity demand can play a vital role in enabling electricity access; however, weather uncertainty drives electricity demand variability. This article provides an overview of current demand‐side management research, identify research gaps, and propose a more promising approach to enable electricity access. Also, it proposes manipulating appliances models to fit their operation in applications where power supply shortage is an issue. The proposed work considers the effect of the probabilistic nature of weather and meeting AC grid codes of operation.
Design and implementation of hybrid Kalman filter for state estimation of power system under unbalanced loads
Authors: Nateson Priyadharshini , Ramachandran Meenakumari , Shanmugam Sathish Kumar
Published: April 2019

State estimation technique plays a vital role in predicting the stability of the power system and is done by estimating the primary variables (states) of the system. Voltage magnitudes (V) and angles (δ) at network buses define the state of a power system. Supervisory control and data acquisition is used to monitor and control the power system state variables where in accurate state variable estimation is quite complex due to the presence of noise in the measured data. State estimation (SE) using conventional techniques such as weighted least square, regularised least square, Kalman filter predict the state vectors with still random error due to its parametric limitations. This study proposes hybrid Kalman filter based SE where the limitation in efficient handling of more number of variables using Kalman filter is addressed by regularising the state variables with constrains and the results are validated for 62‐bus Indian utility system. The simulation results explain the operational efficiency of the hybrid Kalman filtering method under various load variation conditions and the results are compared with SE using conventional Kalman filtering method.
Synthesis of Si3N4 nanowires by catalyst‐free nitridation of (Si + SiO2) mixture
Authors: Tian Zhaobo , Chen Kexin , Sun Siyuan , Zhang Jie , Cui Wei , Xie Zhipeng , Liu Guanghua
Published: April 2019

Recently nanowires, especially silicon nitride (Si3N4), have been the emphasis of recent researches, due to their potential application. In this work, the authors developed a catalyst‐free method to prepare Si3N4 nanowires by heating the mixture of Si powder and SiO2 sol, coupled with carbon felt at 1500°C in a N2 atmosphere. The nanowires were composed of α‐Si3N4 and β‐Si3N4, with lengths of 1–2 mm and diameters of 1.5 μm. Meanwhile, the vapour–solid mechanism was employed to interpret the nanowires growth, and this method may be applied to synthesise other long nanowires.
Well‐defined structures and nanoscale morphology for all‐conjugated BCPs
Authors: Wang Shifan , Jin Xiaodong , Yao Bing , Wang Peng , Du Xihua , Dong Liming , Wang Xiaohui , Zhu Xiaolin , Huang Wei
Published: April 2019

A series of conjugated donor–acceptor (D–A) block copolymers (BCPs) were synthesised using a one‐pot Stille coupling polycondensation reaction. This involved reaction between a series of mono‐bromo‐functionalised Poly3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT) polymers (P3HT‐Br, Mn: 17, 21 and 43 kg/mol) and [N, N ′‐bis (2‐decyl‐tetradecyl)‐1,7‐dibromo‐3,4,9,10‐perylene diimide (PBI) and [2,5‐bis(trimethylstannyl)‐thiophene] (T) monomers. Purification using preparative gel permeation chromatography (GPC) removed any excess P3HT and resulted in BCPs with low polydispersity index values. The P3HT‐b‐PBIT BCPs were characterised using 1 H‐NMR and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. When compared to a P3HT/PBIT polymer blend, the D–A BCP films exhibited a remarkably fine structure with a nanoscale morphology. These results indicated that these D–A BCPs have the potential for use as nanostructured active layers in polymer solar cells.
Pontryagin maximum principle for general Caputo fractional optimal control problems with Bolza cost and terminal constraints
Authors: Bergounioux Maïtine , Bourdin Loïc
Published: April 2019

In this paper we focus on a general optimal control problem involving a dynamical system described by a nonlinear Caputo fractional differential equation of order 0 < α≤ 1, associated to a general Bolza cost written as the sum of a standard Mayer cost and a Lagrange cost given by a Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of order β ≥α. In addition the present work handles general control and mixed initial/final state constraints. Adapting the standard Filippov's approach based on appropriate compactness assumptions and on the convexity of the set of augmented velocities, we give an existence result for at least one optimal solution. Then, the major contribution of this paper is the statement of a Pontryagin maximum principle which provides a first-order necessary optimality condition that can be applied to the fractional framework considered here. In particular, Hamiltonian maximization condition and transversality conditions on the adjoint vector are derived. Our proof is based on the sensitivity analysis of the Caputo fractional state equation with respect to needle-like control perturbations and on Ekeland's variational principle. The paper is concluded with two illustrating examples and with a list of several perspectives for forthcoming works.
Influence of alkaline additives on main minerals in Baotou rare earth tailings in the process of coal-based magnetizing roasting
Authors: Zhang Bo , Xue Xiangxin , Yang He , Huang Xiaowei , Cheng Gongjin
Published: April 2019

The influence of NaOH-Ca(OH)2 on magnetizing roasting of iron minerals and on the decomposition reactions of rare earth minerals during coal-based magnetizing roasting is explored in the present work. The effect of alkaline additives was determined by means of SEM-EDS and X-ray diffraction methods in NaOH-Ca(OH)2-coal-tailings mixtures under optimal magnetizing roasting conditions (mass ratio of NaOH, Ca(OH)2, coal and tailings equal to 2.5: 4.5: 2.5: 100, roasting at 650 °C for 2.5 h). Although NaOH results in an adverse impact on magnetizing roasting of hematite, iron in silicate minerals could be released by NaOH-Ca(OH)2 additive as a form of hematite, which is further reduced to ferromagnetic magnetite. Moreover, the reduction ability of gas is improved in presence of coal and water from decomposition reaction of Ca(OH)2. Regarding the decomposition of bastanasite, no evident effect of NaOH-Ca(OH)2 is observed. The roasted products of pristine bastnasite particles are mainly composed of rare earth oxides (REO) with little fluorine, independent on the use of alkaline additives. No high purity REO were determined in the monazite particle by SEM-EDS, which is mainly decomposed into REO and REFeO3.
The evolution of resonance: a multiscale approach to the effect of nonlinearity, frequency dispersion and geometry
Authors: Mortell Michael P. , Seymour Brian R.
Published: April 2019

Nonlinear resonant oscillations in continuous media contain two natural time scales: the travel time in the medium and the ‘slow’ time defined by the small nonlinearity. A multiscale approach is used to describe the evolution to a periodic state. We focus on three basic experiments that define nonlinear resonant oscillations in continuous media: a gas in both a straight tube and a tube of variable cross-section, and shallow water in a tank. The outcomes of these experiments are described and the mathematical techniques that show the evolution to the final periodic states are given in some detail.
Reden bevor die Hütte brennt – Sicher durchs Kritikgespräch
Authors: Freitag-Herse Barbara
Published: April 2019

Wo unterschiedliche Menschen zusammenarbeiten, entstehen unweigerlich auch Konflikte. Zu Ihren Aufgaben als Führungskraft gehört es, Probleme anzusprechen und Mitarbeiter klar, fair und konstruktiv zu kritisieren – möglichst bevor es in allen Ecken brennt. Dabei ist es gar nicht so schwierig, ein Kritikgespräch leicht und effizient zu führen.
„Es geht darum, mit Stress besser umzugehen“ – Fatigue aus Klientensicht
Authors: Wyneken-Bruntsch Constanze
Published: April 2019

Constanze Wyneken-Bruntsch bekam 2016 die DiagnoseMultiple Sklerose. Bereits seit 15 Jahren überfällt sie die Fatigue. Dann fühlt sie sich extrem müde und muss sich sofort ausruhen oder hinlegen. Das kann beim Rasenmähen oder im Supermarkt passieren. Heute weiß sie, wie sie damit umgehen kann, und möchte anderen Betroffenen Mut machen.
DNVF-Memorandum III – Methoden für die Versorgungsforschung, Teil 4 – Konzept und Methoden der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung. Kapitel 2 – Methodische Ansätze der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung: Zielgrößen, Datenquellen, Datenerhebung und Datenanalyse
Authors: Rölker-Denker Lars , Kowalski Christoph , Ansmann Lena , Hahn Ursula , Hammer Antje , Auer Ramona , Kostuj Tanja , Nöst Stefan
Published: April 2019

Das Forschungsfeld der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung ist in Deutschland noch relativ jung und von zunehmendem Interesse. Das Deutsche Netzwerk Versorgungsforschung e.V. (DNVF e.V.) hat im Jahr 2009 – getragen von den im DNVF organisierten Fachgesellschaften und Mitgliedern – eine Vertiefung zu „Methoden der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung“ des Memorandums III, Teil 1 konsentiert 1. Ausgehend von dieser Veröffentlichung und dem gegenwärtigen Bedeutungsgewinn des Forschungsfeldes ist eine Weiterentwicklung der konzeptionellen und methodischen Grundlage erforderlich. Die Neuauflage und Erweiterung der Veröffentlichung aus dem Jahr 2009 gliedert sich in 3 Kapitel: (1) Definition und Konzept der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung, (2) Methodische Ansätze der Organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung: Zielgrößen, Datenquellen, Datenerhebung und Datenanalyse, (3) Methodische Ansätze zur Konzeption, Evaluation und Implementierung komplexer Interventionen in Versorgungsorganisationen. Die Herausarbeitung der methodischen Besonderheiten der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung – aufbauend auf den in Kapitel 1 dargestellten Besonderheiten des Forschungsgegenstandes – ist Ziel dieses zweiten Kapitels.
DNVF-Memorandum III – Methoden für die Versorgungsforschung, Teil 4 – Konzept und Methoden der
organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung.
Authors: Wirtz Markus Antonius , Bitzer Eva Maria , Albert Ute-Susann , Ansmann Lena , Bögel Martina , Ernstmann Nicole , Hollederer Alfons , Hower Kira Isabel , Nowak Marina , Vollmar Horst Christian
Published: April 2019

Das Forschungsfeld der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung ist in
Deutschland noch relativ jung und von zunehmendem Interesse. Das Deutsche
Netzwerk Versorgungsforschung e. V. (DNVF e. V.) hat im Jahr 2009 –
getragen von den im DNVF organisierten Fachgesellschaften und Mitgliedern
– eine Vertiefung zu „Methoden der organisationsbezogenen
Versorgungsforschung“ des Memorandums III, Teil 1 konsentiert [1].
Ausgehend von dieser Veröffentlichung und dem gegenwärtigen
Bedeutungsgewinn des Forschungsfeldes ist eine Weiterentwicklung der
konzeptionellen und methodischen Grundlage erforderlich. Die Neuauflage und
Erweiterung der Veröffentlichung aus dem Jahr 2009 gliedert sich in 3
Kapitel: (1) Definition und Konzept der organisationsbezogenen
Versorgungsforschung, (2) Methodische Ansätze der organisationsbezogenen
Versorgungsforschung: Zielgrößen, Datenquellen, Datenerhebung,
und Datenanalyse, (3) Methodische Ansätze zur Konzeption, Evaluation und
Implementierung komplexer Interventionen in Versorgungsorganisationen. Ziel des
dritten Kapitels ist es, Methoden für das Design von Interventionen,
für die Wirkungs- und Wirksamkeitsforschung sowie für die
Implementierungsforschung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des
organisationalen Kontextes, in dem Versorgungsinterventionen stattfinden,
vorzustellen.
Bildung von morgen – Lernen zukunftsorientiert gestalten
Authors: Scholer Benedikt
Published: April 2019

Frontalunterricht war gestern. Immer mehr Bildungseinrichtungen setzen auf neue Konzepte wie aktionsbasiertes Lernen. Sie versprechen sich davon einen besseren Lernerfolg und eine individuellere Förderung. Das gilt zum Beispiel für allgemeinbildende Schulen, Berufsfachschulen oder Bildungsstätten für Erwachsenenbildung.
Maskless laser nano-lithography of glass through sequential activation of multi-threshold ablation
Authors: He Yizhuo , Zhang Jihua , Singh Subhash , Garcell Erik , Vorobyev Anatoliy Y. , Lam Billy , Zhan Zhibing , Yang Jianjun , Guo Chunlei
Published: April 2019

Controllable nanofabrication is at the very foundation of nano-science and nano-technology. Today, ultrafast laser writing has been broadly adopted for micro-fabrication because of its ability to make precise and rapid processing of almost all types of materials in an ambient environment. However, direct laser writing is typically unsuitable for high-quality 2D nano-patterning. In this work, we introduce a maskless laser nano-lithographic technique that allows us to create regular 2D periodic nanopatterns on glass. Glass is a particularly challenging material since it does not absorb light readily. Our strategy starts with a glass sample being coated with a thin layer of metal, and then irradiated with a series of pulse bursts at progressively increasing fluence levels. This process allows us to sequentially activate a series of tailored physical processes that lead to the formation of regular 2D periodic nanopatterns on glass. The formation mechanism of this nano-patterning is also simulated numerically and further corroborated by a series of control experiments. We also show controllability in forming various shapes and sizes of nanopatterns through tailored fluence doses. Our technique provides a high-speed and low-cost method for glass nanofabrication.
J-NSE-Phoenix, a neutron spin-echo spectrometer with optimized superconducting precession coils at the MLZ in Garching
Authors: Pasini S. , Holderer O. , Kozielewski T. , Richter D. , Monkenbusch M.
Published: April 2019

A novel set of superconducting main precession coils has been built and installed in the Jülich-neutron spin-echo (J-NSE) spectrometer at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) in Garching. These unique new coils comprise a field-integral optimizing field shape, fringe field compensation, and high stability. They yield an enhancement of a factor of 2.5 in the intrinsic field-integral homogeneity, i.e., the resolution. The coil concept has been developed for the ESSENSE instrument proposal for the European Spallation Source. We report on the construction of and on the first results from the new superconducting neutron spin-echo spectrometer at the MLZ in Garching where the coils are the main part of a refurbishment of the J-NSE spectrometer after twenty years of operation.
The restricted Inomata-McKinley spinor-plane, homotopic deformations and the Lounesto classification
Authors: Beghetto D. , Rogerio R. J. Bueno , Villalobos C. H. Coronado
Published: April 2019

We define a two-dimensional space called the spinor-plane, where all spinors that can be decomposed in terms of Restricted Inomata-McKinley (RIM) spinors reside, and describe some of its properties. Some interesting results concerning the construction of RIM-decomposable spinors emerge when we look at them by means of their spinor-plane representations. We show that, in particular, this space accommodates a bijective linear map between mass-dimension-one and Dirac spinor fields. As a highlight result, the spinor-plane enables us to construct homotopic equivalence relations, revealing a new point of view that can help us to give one more step toward the understanding of the spinor theory. In the end, we develop a simple method that provides the categorization of RIM-decomposable spinors in the Lounesto classification, working by means of spinor-plane coordinates, which avoids the often hard work of analyzing the bilinear covariant structures one by one.
An analytical study of non-resonant transient cross-beam power transfer relevant to recent progress in plasma photonics
Authors: Divol L. , Turnbull D. P. , Chapman T. , Goyon C. , Michel P.
Published: April 2019

Recent experimental and theoretical results have shown that crossing a probe laser in a plasma with a secondary pump can modify the amplitude, phase, and polarization of the probe in a controlled manner. Beyond fundamental physics, these results suggest that a pump-plasma based optical system could be used to amplify and control a laser pulse at high power, where the high fluence precludes using an optical system. This paper attempts to clarify the transient regime of such a pump-probe-plasma system. An analytical solution is derived to the coupled equations in the relevant regime, valid for any frequency detuning, coupling strength, and damping. Asymptotic expressions in the scantly studied off-resonance regime are derived. The time to reach the steady state is found to be roughly independent of the detuning. This time-to-steady-state defines the response time of such a plasma photonics system and can be made potentially much faster than traditional optics by controlling the damping of plasma acoustic waves. We comment on the steady-state assumption typically used to interpret current experiments and design future ones.
Inception of electronic damage of matter by photon-driven post-ionization mechanisms
Authors: Błachucki W. , Kayser Y. , Czapla-Masztafiak J. , Guo M. , Juranić P. , Kavčič M. , Källman E. , Knopp G. , Lundberg M. , Milne C. , Rehanek J. , Sá J. , Szlachetko J.
Published: April 2019

“Probe-before-destroy” methodology permitted diffraction and imaging measurements of intact specimens using ultrabright but highly destructive X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses. The methodology takes advantage of XFEL pulses ultrashort duration to outrun the destructive nature of the X-rays. Atomic movement, generally on the order of >50 fs, regulates the maximum pulse duration for intact specimen measurements. In this contribution, we report the electronic structure damage of a molecule with ultrashort X-ray pulses under preservation of the atoms' positions. A detailed investigation of the X-ray induced processes revealed that X-ray absorption events in the solvent produce a significant number of solvated electrons within attosecond and femtosecond timescales that are capable of coulombic interactions with the probed molecules. The presented findings show a strong influence on the experimental spectra coming from ionization of the probed atoms' surroundings leading to electronic structure modification much faster than direct absorption of photons. This work calls for consideration of this phenomenon in cases focused on samples embedded in, e.g., solutions or in matrices, which in fact concerns most of the experimental studies.
Optically pumped lasing of segregated quasi-2D perovskite microcrystals in vertical microcavity at room temperature
Authors: Zhai Wenhao , Tian Cheng , Yuan Kai , Ge Chaoyang , Zhao Shiqi , Yu Haoran , Li Yanping , Chen Weixi , Ran Guangzhao
Published: April 2019

Quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites possess a tailorable quantum well structure and outstanding optical properties. Herein, we study their diverse phase-separation phenomena and the resulting microcrystals (∼1 μm), which have evidently enhanced photoluminescence. Lasing based on these microcrystals in a vertical single-mode optical microcavity has also been achieved, featuring a low threshold of ∼500.0 μJ/cm2 pumped by a nanosecond pulsed laser (355 nm, pulse width 8 ns, 1 kHz). This work makes the quasi-2D perovskite microcrystals potential candidates to be gain materials for continuous wave lasing.
Outstanding nonlinear optical properties of methylammonium- and Cs-PbX3 (X = Br, I, and Br–I) perovskites: Polycrystalline thin films and nanoparticles
Authors: Suárez Isaac , Vallés-Pelarda Marta , Gualdrón-Reyes Andrés F. , Mora-Seró Iván , Ferrando A. , Michinel Humberto , Salgueiro José Ramón , Pastor Juan P. Martínez
Published: April 2019

Metal Halide Perovskites (MHPs) have arisen as promising materials to construct cost-effective photovoltaic and light emission devices. The study of nonlinear optical properties of MHPs is necessary to get similar success in nonlinear photonic devices, which is practically absent in the literature. The determination of the third order nonlinear coefficients is typically done by the Z-scan technique, which is limited by the scattering of polycrystalline thin films. In this work, we have studied nonlinear optical properties of polycrystalline CH3NH3PbX3 (MAPbX3) thin films and colloidal CsPbX3 nanoparticles with three different bandgaps (X3 = I3, Br3, and Br1.5I1.5). Their bright generation of photoluminescence under infrared illumination demonstrates an excellent efficiency of multiphoton absorption. The nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) was studied by analyzing the transmitted light through the samples, observing the expected Eg−3 dependence with values as high as β = 1500 cm/GW. In addition, we proposed the use of a modified Z-scan technique with imaging processing to analyze the nonlinear refraction coefficient (n2) under the laser damage threshold. Our experimental data agree quite well with theoretical predictions, demonstrating the accuracy of the method and potential applications to other thin films. Moreover, n2 parameter reaches values of 3.5 cm2/GW, indicating the suitability of MHPs for nonlinear photonics.
Conductive surface oxide on CrN(001) layers
Authors: McGahay Mary E. , Gall Daniel
Published: April 2019

Epitaxial CrN(001) layers that are exposed to an O2-containing atmosphere exhibit a conductive 2D surface oxide with a sheet conductance Gs,oxide = 5.9 × 10−5 [Ω/◻]−1. This is demonstrated using in situ transport measurements in a 90% Ar–10% O2 mixture with continuously increasing pressure from <10−6 to 240 Pa, showing a conductance increase that is independent of the CrN thickness d = 10 and 300 nm but is absent for control samples that are capped with insulating AlN prior to oxygen exposure. This suggests n-type doping of semiconducting CrN through substitutional replacement of N surface atoms with O. Cooling to 77 K leads to a decrease in Gs,oxide to 3.9 × 10−5 [Ω/◻]−1, indicating that the conduction electrons are not fully delocalized. The overall results indicate a path towards 2D electron transport devices in refractory transition metal nitrides and may explain the large variation in previously reported transport properties of CrN.
Obliquely propagating nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary and cnoidal waves in nonrelativistic magnetized pair-ion plasma with superthermal electrons
Authors: El-Monier S. Y. , Atteya A.
Published: April 2019

The nonlinear propagation of ion-acoustic waves is considered in a magnetized system of collisionless and dissipative pair-ion plasma, composed of cold positively and negatively charged nonrelativistic ions, with superthermal electrons. obliquely propagating ion-acoustic solitary and cnoidal waves are investigated via a mechanical-motion analog Korteweg de Vries (KdV) approach. The characteristics of the emerged nonlinear magnetized waves are significantly modified by the effects of plasma parameters like the obliquity angle, superthermality parameter, negative to positive ions density ratio, electron density and it is also affected by the electron temperature. The obtained results can be generalized to be used to investigate the plasma waves nature in neutron stars, Saturn’s and Pulsars magnetospheres in addition to the laboratory plasmas.
New heating method makes photothermal detection even more sensitive
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: April 2019

Researchers propose and experimentally verify a new method to increase the sensitivity of photothermal detection in which the heat source is spatially modulated instead of temporally modulated.
Transediting Trump
Authors: Caimotto Maria Cristina
Published: April 2019

This chapter analyzes material collected online during Donald Trump’s inaugural speech together with material from Italian media outlets, comparing the translations published on news websites in real time and those published in printed newspapers the next day. The collection of real time texts provides insights into the translation process, testifying to the ongoing blurring of the lines separating translation and interpreting where news media are concerned. The analysis of the Italian translations enriches the critical analysis of the source texts themselves, while the possibility of observing the various stages of translation in real time on online media provides information on the influence that the media technological convergence is having on translation strategies and techniques.
Framing terrorism in the U.S., French, and Arabic editions of HuffPost
Authors: Roumanos Rayya , Noblet Arnaud
Published: April 2019

News about the terrorist attack that shook Istanbul on 1 January 2017 spread like wildfire on old, new, and social media. HuffPost was quick to cover this developing story in all of its eighteen international editions. This chapter explores the professional routines and the journalistic rhetoric of three major editions of HuffPost – U.S., French, and Arabic – to evaluate the similarities and differences in their respective narratives about Islamist terrorism. It relies on semi-directed interviews and comparative content analysis of a trilingual corpus of forty full articles related to the Istanbul attack, to examine synergies and assess how each edition, depending on its social grounding, frames terrorism. Despite their shared brand affiliation, their conceptualization of terrorism is not unified. Not only do their editorial agendas differ, but so do their sources, their work routines, and the precautionary measures they take when disclosing sensitive or unverifiable information.
Globalization of the emerging media newsroom
Authors: Matsushita Kayo
Published: April 2019

Recent technological advances have fuelled the emergence of online media sites such as BuzzFeed, which disseminates news content across multiple platforms. Characterized by its global network, BuzzFeed relies on translation to facilitate the constant exchange of content between regions. At BuzzFeed Japan, BuzzFeed’s newest international edition at the time of writing, journalists are adapting to meet novel demands for translated multimedia content. Seldom required of conventional media journalists in Japan, news translation in the Japanese context is relatively unexplored but increasingly relevant (Matsushita 2016). Through interviews with key players of the newsroom and a full-staff survey, this chapter investigates BuzzFeed Japan’s news translation practices, highlighting journalists’ diversifying roles. It also suggests the possibility of media convergence increasing news flow from Japan to the rest of the world.
Tracing convergence in the translation of community radio news
Authors: van Rooyen Marlie
Published: April 2019

In South Africa, a number of new media role-players have appeared, but radio is still essential for the dissemination of information. This chapter addresses questions related to community radio news translation, namely the forms of new technologies involved. Actor-network theory (ANT) provides a framework to trace the role of the non-human in the form of new media technologies, as well as the interactions and translation processes between human and non-human. Data were collected from two community radio stations through observations, field notes, informal discussions with participants, photographs, and audio recordings. The study showed, among other things, that the technologies used in each station differ along the lines of the digital divide specific to South Africa. Although different non-human actants are important mediators, the examples also indicate that the translation of radio news – even in a convergent environment – does not necessarily depend on the latest new media technologies.
Effects of task repetition on EFL oral performance
Authors: Dawadi Saraswati
Published: April 2019

Considerable research has examined the effects of task repetition (TR) on second language (L2) performance. While
results are still inconclusive, some patterns are emerging. However, limited attention has been paid to L2 learners’ perceptions
of TR. This paper reports a study in which 40 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners were asked to repeat a task after a
three-day interval; on both occasions they performed the task immediately after receiving instructions. Results indicated that TR
triggered more complex and fluent, but less accurate, narratives. In post-task interviews, the majority of learners expressed
positive attitudes towards TR, purporting that familiarity increased confidence. This paper will finally discuss the possible
pedagogical implications of the study for EFL teaching.