bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete mitogenome analysis of Fasciola gigantica from Sudan
Authors: Salim Bashir , Mohamed Nouh S. , Ibrahim Kamal , Alasmari Saeed , Chatanga Elisha , Ohari Yuma , Nonaka Nariaki , Almathen Faisal , Nakao Ryo
Published: January 2024

Complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes are increasingly being used as molecular markers for investigating phylogenetic relationships. We sequenced the complete mt genome of the Fasciola gigantica of 16 samples from cattle, sheep and goats from Sudan using Illumina MiSeq platform. The complete mt genome of F. gigantica was 14,483 bp in length. Its genome is circular, and consists of 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes, 2 subunit ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and 22 genes for tRNA. The start and stop codons of the12 protein-coding genes are ATG and TAG respectively, which are identical to reference mt genomes except for the ND5 the start codon GTG and the stop codon of the ND4 which was TAA. Additionally, the lengths of the the12 protein-coding genes were identical in 10 genes, however, the ND4L of the reference was 12 bp longer with 273 bp as compared to the Sudan isolates which was 261 bp long and COX1 in the reference was 9 bp shorter which was 1,533 bp long as compared to Sudan isolates which 1,542 bp long. In contrast, the non-coding regions differed by 20 bp and 4 bp length in the long and the short non-coding regions of Sudan isolates. Nucleotide variability in the mt genome among F. gigantica from Sudan is quite different from the reference as revealed by the sliding window analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated amino acid sequence data for all 12 protein-coding genes showed that all F. gigantica from Sudan clustered separately from the available F. gigantica. More interestingly, based on stem-loop (non-coding regions) it revealed better resolution on how the evolutionary process has affected host specificity and in particular for the sheep and goats. It is concluded that these novel complete mt genomes of F. gigantica from different host species provide additional genetic markers for studying epidemiology, population genetics, and phylogeographics of F. gigantica, as well as for understanding interplay and the host species.
No drains versus drains after perforated Peptic Ulcer Repair: aRandomized Controlled Trail
Authors: nageeb Mohammed Elshwadfy , tobar Wael , saqr Ahmed , ragab Amr aly , salah Ahmed mohammed
Published: January 2024

Purpose: the study aimed to evaluate safety of omitting the intraabdominal drains after perforated peptic ulcer repairs.
Materials and methods
We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial from January 2022 to January 2024 at the Emergency surgery department. Patients with perforated peptic ulcers were evaluated for eligibility.
They were randomly assigned into two groups. In group A: two intraabdominal drains (pelvic and hepatorenal). in group B: no intraabdominal drains. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay (LOS), and the secondary outcomes included parameters of recovery and 30-day morbidities. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 ®.
The Results
Thirty five patients were in the no drain group, while 36 patients were in the drain group. Patients in the no drains group had significantly earlier bowel motion (21.6 vs 28.69; p = 0.004), fluid diet (73.54 vs 86.78; p 0.001), and solid intake (84.4 vs. 98; p 0.001), less pain severity (p=0.0001) and shorter hospital stay (4.74 vs 5.75 days; p 0.001(
A significant less morbidity, including surgical site infection (p = 0.01), and respiratory complications (p 0.0001), were in the no drain group.
There was no difference of fever duration nor wound dehiscence.
Conclusions
Omitting the intraabdominal drains is safe after peptic ulcer perforation repair. It can improve outcomes.
The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06084741.
Application of Spectral Imaging Technology Based on Computer Simulation in the Prevention of Sports Injuries in Aerobics
Authors: Li Lin , Wei Yuan , Xiang Shuizhen
Published: January 2024

Calisthenics is a widely popular and high-intensity exercise, but the frequency of sports injuries has increased accordingly. Therefore, this paper explores the application potential of spectral imaging technology based on sports biomechanics in the early warning system of aerobics sports injury to provide opportunities for early injury recognition and intervention. The biomechanical data and spectral imaging data of aerobics athletes during their training were collected through experimental research. Changes in specific joint angles and muscle strength of athletes during exercise were observed to exhibit features associated with injury. Spectral imaging techniques can provide accurate measurements of biological signals such as skin surface temperature and blood flow, further revealing the underlying mechanisms of sports injuries. Therefore, the spectral imaging technology based on sports biomechanics has the potential to be applied to the early warning system of sports injury in aerobics. It enables early identification of potential injury risks and interventions to protect athlete health and safety by monitoring joint Angle changes and muscle strength in athletes, combined with quantitative analysis of spectral imaging data.
Application of Light Remote Sensing Technology Based on Transfer Learning Algorithm in Sustainable Management of Ecological Economy
Authors: Cao Jingzhi , Wu Haiquan , Zou Yuyou
Published: January 2024

With the widespread application of optical remote sensing technology in resource and environmental management, researchers have begun to focus on applying it to sustainable ecological and economic management. Research focuses on using transfer learning algorithms to transfer optical remote sensing models to the field of ecological and economic management, in order to achieve efficient and accurate extraction of ecological information and resource management. We chose the optical remote sensing model as the initial model, used transfer learning methods, retained the underlying feature extractor of the initial model, and applied it to ecological and economic data to further optimize the model to adapt to the characteristics and needs of ecological and economic data. By conducting supervised training on the ecological economic dataset, adjusting the weights and parameters of the model to better adapt to the distribution and characteristics of ecological economic data. In the adjusted and optimized optical remote sensing model, utilize its powerful ecological information extraction and resource management capabilities to address key issues in sustainable ecological and economic management. The results indicate that after optimization by transfer learning algorithms, optical remote sensing technology can more accurately extract ecological information, effectively manage resources, and promote sustainable development of ecological economy.
Real-time Hybrid Facial Expression Analysis Model Using Quantum Distance-based Classifier and Classical Artificial Neural Networks : QUADCANN
Authors: Rengasamy Karthikeyan , Joshi Piyush , VVS Raveendra
Published: January 2024

Facial expressions bring human interactions to life with nonverbal cues that convey hues of emotions, feelings, and cultural intent. Analyzing these expressions is essential in the age of digital transformation. Traditional approaches to real-time facial expression analysis have limitations in capturing the complexity of these expressions and consume enormous computational power. The promising computing capacity of quantum computers is poised to solve current problems and set new standards by meeting growing demands. We have created a hybrid model that leverages the capabilities of the classical and quantum domains. The proposed model uses a quantum distance-based classifier along with classical artificial neural networks to perform real-time facial expression analysis and classification. Based on a thorough review of the literature, this novel and comprehensive work is, to the best of our knowledge, one of the few that addresses eight different emotions in the quantum domain. The implementation of a novel quantum error correction method has improved the accuracy of this hybrid model. Our model was trained on the CK+ facial expression database. To ensure fairness of the study, we tested our model on the largest facial expression database, AffectNet-8, and compared the performance with state-of-the-art models. Our model accuracy is 10.83% higher than that of the state-of-the-art models. From a holistic perspective, our proposed novel hybrid model appears to have universal value for all kinds of real-time image analysis and classification problems. As we move forward, we planned to focus on quantum neural networks for image processing and facial expression analysis.
Global analysis for a modified SEIR model with general non-linear incidence function
Authors: Mohamed Yahya , Ahmedou Aziza , Vall Mohamed Saad Bouh Elemine
Published: January 2024

This study introduces a segmented mathematical model, crafted for dissecting the spread mechanisms of a specific disease. It refines the classic SEIR framework by bifurcating the infected segment (I) into two subcate-gories: the uneducated infected (Iu) and the educated infected (Ie). Central to this model is a complex infection rate function, delineated as f(S) (g(Iu) + h(Ie)). Critical to our analysis are certain presumptions regarding the functions f, g, and h. By utilizing the next generation matrix technique, we successfully derived the fundamental reproduction rate, denoted as R0. The research confirms the existence of two vital states of equilibrium within the model: one signifying the absence of disease and the other, its persistent presence. The global asymptotic stability of these equilibriums is validated using Lyapunov’s direct method coupled with LaSalle’s invariance principle. To reinforce our theoretical findings, we executed a series of numerical simulations, applying specific variations of the functions f, g, and h.
AMS Mathematics Subject Classification : 92D25, 34D08, 34D23, 03H05.
On developing structural and technical solutions to ensure the vibratory displacement of the working medium
Authors: Bolshakov R. S. , Kargapoltsev S. K.
Published: January 2024

A research study into using vibration technologies for the transport of granular working medium was carried out. A vibration testing machine, whose calculation model includes a mechanical vibration system having two degrees of freedom with a rigid body on elastic supports, was selected as an object of research. The study involved analysing the variation in the system vibrations by using the structural theory for vibration isolation systems, where a dynamic equivalent represented by a structural diagram of an automatic control system is compared to the initial calculation model. The structural diagram of the system is based on the motion equations in operator form obtained using Lagrange differential equations of the second kind. The Laplace transform was used to transform the initial data for the system of differential motion equations. The paper addresses the characteristics of a new structural and technical solution in the field of vibratory displacement of a granular working medium using the working body of a vibration technological machine, which involves introducing a number of additional weights, levers, springs, and hinges. Here, springs comprise generalised structures containing both elastic elements and vibration dampers. To connect the coordinates of the endpoints in the working body of the vibration technological machine, analytical relations were obtained. It was established that varying the parameters of the elements within the elastic-lever blocks allows the dynamic state of the vibration technological machine to be controlled. In addition, it was shown that the obtained structural diagram helps to derive mathematical expressions for transfer functions, comprising the ratio between the motion coordinates of a technical object and an external force disturbance. On the basis of these expressions, the transfer function for the ratio of the motion coordinates of the vibration technological machine was formulated. A mathematical model of a vibration technological machine was obtained in the form of a transfer function, including a large number of additional elastic and massinertial elements, where the parameters of vibration displacement can be adjusted automatically. The research results will allow the existing technical solutions in the field of technological engineering to be modernised.
Selection of power supply scheme for controlled excitation converters in traction electric motors of single-phase DC electric locomotives
Authors: Mikhalchuk N. L.
Published: January 2024

The article focuses on the development of an effective design and algorithms for automatic control of singlephase DC electric locomotives according to the laws of constant traction force and power without switching electrical devices within power electric circuits. Methods of mathematical modelling for electromagnetic, electromechanical, and mechanical processes by MatLab, Simulink, and SimPowerSystems software were used to address this problem. The nonlinearities of the magnetisation curve were taken into account, along with the influence of eddy currents from the coils of the main and additional poles in traction motors. Structural and parametric synthesis of a power electrical circuit and control algorithms by controlled bridge IGBT converters were used in the simulation. The object of the research was an electrotechnical complex, including a 9840 kW three-stack electric locomotive 3ES5K “Ermak”. On the basis of the research results, it is recommended to use a power electrical circuit with two reversible converters for each of the three sections on the electric locomotive. These converters provide power to four 820 kW traction motors and a group power supply for controlled bridge IGBT converters shunting the field coils for axial traction control. The calculations confirmed the applicability of a scheme for individual control of traction electric motors and excitation currents, ensuring a smooth increase in the traction force of an electric locomotive. The developed algorithm of axial traction control ensures a smooth increase in this force and creates the optimal conditions for coupling the wheels of an electric locomotive with rails. These solutions can be used in the manufacture and modernisation of new and existing electric locomotives
Optimization of normal operation mode of an electric system with renewable energy sources in Mongolia
Authors: Rusina A. G. , Osgonbaatar T. , Bondarchuk G. S. , Matrenin P. V.
Published: January 2024

This article is aimed at developing an algorithm for optimizing the operation modes of the electric power system of Mongolia, particularly the central power system that include not only conventional thermal power plants, but also renewable sources (wind and solar power plants). This power system accounts for a large share of electricity consumption and generation in Mongolia. The method of linear programming was chosen to minimize financial costs and active power losses during power generation at thermal power plants, while Newton’s method was used to minimize power losses. In addition, the article uses load schedules of each node of the studied power system for its modeling based on the ranking model. Load graphs are predicted using ensemble machine learning algorithms. After the optimization by the criterion of power loss minimization in the grid, power losses were found to be 3.05% of the total power consumption (with power losses in the basic variant of 3.12% and the average selling price of thermal power plants of 0.51 units). Thus, the reduction in losses amounted to 0.07 percentage points, or 2.24%. In terms of the cost minimization criterion, the average selling price of electricity was 0.49 units, i.e., decreased by 3.92%. Average losses of electric power in the grid decreased by 0.6%. According to empirical data, the suggested algorithms can be applied to the optimization of power distribution between thermal power plants by given criteria. The suggested algorithms are implemented using pandapower, a Python-based tool for power system analysis, thus creating a unified system of predictive analytics of power system operation modes
Heap sulphuric-thiocyanate leaching of gold and uranium
Authors: Shipnigov A. A. , Epiforov A. V. , Sobennikov R. M. , Musin E. D. , Balikov S. V.
Published: January 2024

The article evaluates the main parameters of simultaneous heap leaching of gold and uranium from oxidised gold-uranium ore using sulphuric acid thiocyanate solutions. Pilot tests for the simultaneous heap leaching of gold and uranium were carried out using oxidised crushed gold-uranium ore with a size of -40+0 mm. The gold and uranium content in the ore was 0.80 and 266 g/t, respectively. Experiments were carried out using a percolation column with a diameter of 300 mm and a height of 2000 mm The ore mass in the column was 180 kg. The temperature during the tests was in the range of 17–25°C. Leaching was carried out under the following conditions: H2SO4 concentration – 5 g/dm3, SCN– concentration – 0.5 g/dm3, Eh – 490–510 mV, Fe3+ ion concentration – 1.0–1.5 g/dm3. Acid-soluble minerals contained in the ore comprised the source of iron ions. Hydrogen peroxide was used to oxidise Fe2+ ions. Pilot tests were carried out in a closed cycle with separate sorption of gold and uranium. Based on the research results, gold recovery reached 90%, while uranium recovery was 55%. Following gold and uranium leaching, the loaded activated carbons and ion exchange resins were obtained. It was established that the gold content on activated carbons was 0.5–0.6 mg/g, while the uranium content on ion exchange resins amounted to 30–35 mg/g. The reagent consumption was as follows: H2SO4 – 10.5 kg/t, KSCN – 0.94 kg/t, H2O2 – 0.65 kg/t. It is shown that the technology for simultaneous heap leaching of gold and uranium with sulphuric acid thiocyanate solutions offers efficient processing of the ore. The recovery rates of gold and uranium are comparable to those obtained during pilot tests for heap leaching of the ore using conventional technology, involving the individual twostage leaching of these metals using sulphuric acid and cyanide solutions.
MatsubaraFunctions.jl: An equilibrium Green's function library in the Julia programming language
Authors: Kiese Dominik , Ge Anxiang , Ritz Nepomuk , von Delft Jan , Wentzell Nils
Published: January 2024

The Matsubara Green’s function formalism stands as a powerful technique for computing the thermodynamic characteristics of interacting quantum many-particle systems at finite temperatures. In this manuscript, our focus centers on introducing MatsubaraFunctions.jl, a Julia library that implements data structures for generalized n-point Green’s functions on Matsubara frequency grids. The package’s architecture prioritizes user-friendliness without compromising the development of efficient solvers for quantum field theories in equilibrium. Following a comprehensive introduction of the fundamental types, we delve into a thorough examination of key facets of the interface. This encompasses avenues for accessing Green’s functions, techniques for extrapolation and interpolation, as well as the incorporation of symmetries and a variety of parallelization strategies. Examples of increasing complexity serve to demonstrate the practical utility of the library, supplemented by discussions on strategies for sidestepping impediments to optimal performance.
Ferroresonance phenomena in power systems
Authors: Temiz İsmail , Tarkan Nesrin
Published: January 2024

It is a known fact that the world's dependence on electrical energy is increasing day by day. The fact that electrical energy has some advantages over other types of energy, the increasing world population and changing living conditions can be considered among the reasons for this increase. This increase in dependence on electrical energy can be met by expanding existing facilities and establishing new facilities. In these studies, the transmission of electrical energy from the place where it is produced to the place where it is consumed poses important problems as the system expands. Some work is required to eliminate these technical and economic problems and to ensure stable operation of the system. These are problems that were not considered beforehand as the system grew. One of these problems is the ferroresonance phenomenon that occurs at the fundamental frequency due to the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of transformers. Ferroresonance is a resonance phenomenon that occurs in an electrical circuit containing an iron-core self-coil as a nonlinear element. This resonance manifests itself with sudden oscillations in the output size of the system caused by a small change in the amplitude or frequency of a magnitude applied to the input of the system. High voltage transmission lines are double-circuit lines that share the same pole. In special cases such as maintenance or malfunction of such a transmission system, one of the lines can be disconnected from the system and continue energy transmission with the other line. In the high voltage transmission line, the system may oscillate due to the stored energy in the magnetic field of the transformer inductance on the disabled line and the electric field of the line capacity. This oscillation disappears after a certain period of time due to iron losses and other circuit losses. When these losses are covered by the other transmission line, permanent oscillations and over voltages may occur at the transformer terminals. All these events are the negative effects of ferroresonance on transmission systems. In the energy transmission system, ferroresonance phenomenon occurs. Over voltages may occur in case of idle power transformers in star point/isolated networks. In medium voltage networks, ferroresonance occurs due to the melting of a fuse, the opening and closing of voltage transformers with one pole, and the dissymmetry that occurs as a result of a connection process. These negative effects caused by ferroresonance in the energy transmission power system are discussed in detail within the subject of this study.
Study on vibration response and isolation of substation structure under subway load excitation
Authors: Liu Yong , Li Tiantian , Li Lin , Cheng Zhengquan , Rong Kunjie , Tian Li
Published: January 2024

This study takes the indoor substation adjacent to the elevated bridge subway line as the engineering background, investigates the structural vibration response law of the substation induced by the operation of the subway line through on-site vibration measurement, and proposes a novel nonlinear gas-spring quasi-zero stiffness isolator (NGS-QZSI) is proposed to reduce the structural vertical vibration and further reduce the safety distance. The software ABAQUS is used to establish a structure-equipment coupling numerical analysis model considering soil-structure interaction, and its effectiveness and accuracy are validated based on the measured results. The structural vibration response analysis is carried out under different vibration source distances, and a nonlinear gas-spring quasi-zero stiffness isolator is proposed to be employed for substation structural vibration isolation. The research results show that the substation structure under subway load excitation is dominated by vertical vibration, and its vibration response increases gradually with the increase of floor level. When the substation structure is less than 45 m from the subway line, the structural response exceeds the safety limit (12.5 μm/s) of the VC-C standard. With the vibration isolator attached, the structural vibration response is significantly reduced, with the peak and root mean square response controlled by more than 70 %. Particularly, the safe distance of the substation from the subway line is reduced from 45 m to 20 m. Moreover, the frequency domain result analysis indicates that the proposed nonlinear vibration isolator can effectively control the low-frequency vibration of the structure.
Adsorption of phosphate ions and RBBR dye from aqueous solution using thermally activated mandarin peel waste
Authors: Özdemir Nihan Canan , Bilici Zeynep , Saleh Mohammed , Dizge Nadir
Published: January 2024

In this study, the use of mandarin peels as an absorbent for phosphate and Remazol Brilliant Blue-R (RBBR) removals was investigated. The impact of variations in activation temperature, pH levels, and adsorbent dosage on the removal of phosphate and RBBR was examined and optimized. For phosphate and RBBR removal, 900°C thermally activated mandarin peels were selected. The optimal parameters for phosphate removal were found to be at the initial pH of 5.9, an adsorbent dose of 0.75 g/L, and a contact time of 60 min, which achieved a phosphate removal efficiency of 100%. The maximum RBBR removal conditions were obtained at the original pH (5.35), 1.75 g/L absorbent dose, and 60 min contact time. The RBBR removal efficiency was found to be 95% under these conditions. These data show that mandarin peel waste can be used efficiently as an adsorbent in the absorption process.
Design and development of a pilot plant for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing molasses
Authors: Penmetsa Suresh Raju , Allam Bharat Kumar , Pise Deepak , Gautam Pavan Kumar , Banerjee Sushmita , Kumar Vijay
Published: January 2024

The present work deals with the anaerobic treatment of molasses-bearing pharmaceutical wastewater using a specifically designed downflow anaerobic bioreactor (DFAB). The capacity of the designed DFAB was 1,000 L of adequate volume with necessary operational controls. Two types of anaerobic treatment, i.e. mesophilic and thermophilic treatments, were applied to the anaerobic biotransformation of wastewater under investigation. The efficiency of both treatments was compared in terms of reducing biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) load, as well as methane production. The anaerobic digestion process was carried out with the help of bacterial strains. The bacterial strains used in the mesophilic operation were acclimatised and utilised for the thermophilic treatment, which is a cost-effective and sustainable approach. A significant reduction in BOD and COD content of the wastewater was noticed after 10 days of retention time. Nearly 72–83% and 80–90% reduction in BOD values were recorded under mesophilic and thermophilic operations, respectively. Approximately 73–86% and 82–93% of COD content were reduced by mesophilic and thermophilic treatment, correspondingly. Methane production of 67 and 74% was achieved under mesophilic and thermophilic treatment, respectively. The designed DFAB showed remarkable treatment efficiency for wastewater and methane production.
Molecular detection of Human Adenovirus and Human Bocavirus in wastewater and drain water in the western Nile Delta of Egypt
Authors: Badr Kareem R. , Elmahdy Elmahdy M. , Shaheen Mohamed N. F.
Published: January 2024

HAdV and HBoV are frequently found in different water sources throughout the year. Due to their health impact on humans, continuous monitoring of these viruses is considered an important tool to evaluate their circulation within society. This study investigates the prevalence of HAdV and HBoV in different environmental samples collected from the western Nile Delta of Egypt. In total, 264 samples were collected from treated and untreated sewage (48), sewage sludge (24), drainage water (96), and drainage sediment (96) from December 2019 to November 2021. Molecular detection was performed to detect both viruses in the collected samples. The results indicated that HAdV was more prevalent than HBoV in all types of sewage samples, with the highest detection rate in untreated sewage. Both viruses were relatively lower in sludge sewage samples, while in drainage water and sediment samples were detected with similar frequencies, although the detection rates were generally lower than those observed in sewage samples. Moreover, no significant seasonal distribution of both viruses was observed throughout the year. The results of this study emphasize the importance of monitoring the presence of these viruses in environmental samples with proper treatment and disposal of sewage to ensure public health and safety.
Degradation of tetracycline by heat/peroxymonosulfate and ultrasound/peroxymonosulfate systems: performance and kinetics
Authors: Deng Huan , Jin Yu , Yan Bojiao , Jiang Yi , Yang Shenggang , Song Tiehong
Published: January 2024

In recent decades, water pollution caused by emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, has attracted much attention. Antibiotics are commonly used pharmaceuticals, and their residue in water may accelerate the development of antibiotic resistance genes, which can produce resistance to the treatment of diseases. In this study, two energy-based systems, heat/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and ultrasound (US)/PMS were chosen to treat the typical antibiotic tetracycline (TC) in water. The influencing factors and kinetic equations of TC degradation by heat/PMS and US/PMS were investigated and the rates of TC degradation by the two systems were compared. The results showed that the optimal PMS concentration required for TC degradation in both systems was 0.3 mM, and neither system was affected by solution pH. The power of the US in the US/PMS system was as important as the temperature in the heat/PMS system because they provided activation energy. Both heat and US could activate PMS to degrade TC, and US was slightly superior with 80% TC removal under the conditions of [TC] = 20 mg/L, [PMS] = 0.3 mM, pH = 6.4, T = 20 °C, and US power = 550 W. US is considered to be more advantageous in activating PMS to degrade TC.
Res communis w międzynarodowym prawie kosmicznym
Authors: Buczkowski Adam
Published: January 2024

W literaturze zajmującej się tematyką międzynarodowego prawa kosmicznego staje się zauważalny spór w doktrynie dotyczący istnienia w niej zasady wspólnego dziedzictwa ludzkości, zwaną również jako res communis – rzecz wspólna. Wątpliwe jest zachowanie tej zasady w jej dotychczasowych ramach, ponieważ coraz więcej ekspertów dostrzega w niej przeszkodę dla realizacji inwestycji i hamulec wstrzymujący rozwój nowoczesnych technologii kosmicznych. W artykule wskazano argumenty obu stron toczącej się debaty nad przyszłością międzynarodowego prawa kosmicznego w kontekście doktryny res communis, co zostało zwieńczone konkluzją wspierającą tę doktrynę jako właściwe zabezpieczenie dla przyszłości eksploracji kosmicznych, a także zasygnalizowano konieczność wzięcia odpowiedzialności za wszelkie działania w przestrzeni kosmicznej dla korzyści przyszłychpokoleń. Niniejszy artykuł opisuje doktrynę res communis, jedną z najważniejszych zasad tworzących międzynarodowe prawo kosmiczne. W tekście została pokazana jej ewolucja, zmiana w postrzeganiu, począwszy od jej pojawienia się w prawie zwyczajowym, przez zawarcie jej w pierwszych traktatach regulujących działalność państw w przestrzeni kosmicznej, czyli Układzie o zasadach działalności państw w zakresie badań i użytkowania przestrzeni kosmicznej łącznie z Księżycem i innymi ciałami niebieskimi z 27.01.1967 r. (dalej: Traktat kosmiczny z 1967 r.), aż do ostatecznego zdefiniowania w Układzie normującym działalność państw na Księżycu i innych ciałach niebieskich z 18.12.1979 r. (dalej: Układ Księżycowy z 1979 r.). Autor rozprawia nad znaczeniem zasady wspólnego dziedzictwa ludzkości w świetle planowanej działalności komercyjnej w przestrzeni kosmicznej. Wskazane zostałyumowy międzynarodowe tworzące międzynarodowe prawo kosmiczne, w których zaimplementowano tę zasadę. Doktryna res communis nie jest nowa w prawie międzynarodowym i ograniczona wyłącznie do przestrzeni kosmicznej. Jej zastosowaniemożna znaleźć w Konwencji jamajskiej z 10.12.1982 r. lub w przepisach regulujących status prawny Antarktydy.
Systemy resocjalizacji (Polska i Zachód) w kontekście osób zaburzonych
Authors: Dąbrowa Natalia
Published: January 2024

Artykuł naukowy poświęcony tematyce resocjalizacji z omówieniem czynników świadczących o jej efektywności. Podkreślenie podejścia do tematu przez różnych badaczy. Uwzględnienie oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych na osobach zaburzonych. Opis i analiza proponowanych oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych i terapeutycznych w Polsce oraz na Zachodzie. Porównanie tych oddziaływań – Polska i Zachód (USA, Anglia, Niemcy).
Ewolucja prawa wjazdu i pobytu na terytorium Unii Europejskiej obywateli państw trzecich będących członkami rodzin obywateli państw członkowskich w latach 1968-2018
Authors: Szuniewicz-Stępień Marta
Published: January 2024

W artykule poddano analizie akty prawa UE i wyroki ETS/TSUE dotyczące statusu prawnego obywateli państw trzecich będących członkami rodzin obywateli Unii, w szczególności w zakresie ich prawa do wjazdu, pobytu i przemieszczania się w obrębie UE. Stosowne uprawnienie wynika z art. 21 Traktatu o Funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej i zostało uszczegółowione w art. 10 rozporządzenia 1612/68, a obecnie w dyrektywie 2004/38/WE Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady o prawie przemieszczania się i pobytu obywateli Unii i członków ich rodzin na terytorium państw członkowskich. Przez lata możliwość skorzystania z prawa wjazdu i pobytu na terytorium UE dla obywateli państw trzecich będących członkami rodzin obywateli Unii uzależniona była ściśle od statusu prawnego obywatela Unii, który skorzystał z traktatowego prawa do swobodnego przemieszczania się w obrębie UE. W ciągu ostatnich 50 lat od przyjęcia wspomnianego rozporządzenia w 1968 roku, prawo unijne i liczne orzeczenia ETS/TSUE w znaczący sposób poszerzyły zakres uprawnień i gwarancji przyznanych obywatelom państw trzecich będącym członkami rodzin obywateli Unii. W świetle najnowszego orzecznictwa TSUE obywatele Unii i ich członkowie rodzin posiadający obywatelstwo państwa trzeciegomogą korzystać z szerokiej i liberalnej interpretacji w ramach koncepcji ochrony natury i istoty praw wynikających ze statusu obywatelstwa Unii na podstawie art. 20 TFUE. Ponadto wszelkie regulacje poświęcone swobodzie poruszania się powinny być interpretowane w świetle zasady łączenia rodzin oraz proporcjonalności, zakazujących automatycznego wydalania cudzoziemców wyłączenie w przypadku braku spełnienia wymogów formalnych. Analiza orzecznictwa luksemburskiego wskazuje, że linia interpretacyjna i przedstawiona w nim przez sędziów Trybunału argumentacja prezentuje model progresywnego rozwoju. I nadal, po upływie 50 lat od przyjęcia pierwszych regulacji prawnych w UE dotyczących prawa obywateli państw trzecich przemieszczania się i pobytu w państwach członkowskich, pozostaje otwartą kwestia, jaką linią wykładni prawa unijnego podążą kolejne składy orzekające TSUE.
EFECTO DEL PROCESAMIENTO EN EL CONTENIDO FENÓLICO Y ACEPTABILIDAD DE INFUSIONES DE CÁSCARA Y SEMILLAS DE CAMU CAMU (Myrciaria dubia)
Authors: Escudero Shuña Peggy , Ramírez Vásquez Shallinny , Reátegui Isla Vladimir , Pereda Ibáñez Jorge Miguel , Nolazco Cama Diana , Morales-Soriano Eduardo Reynaldo
Published: January 2024

En el procesamiento del camu camu (Myrciaria dubia), las cáscaras y semillas son los principales residuos de esta industria con un alto potencial de uso al poseer antocianinas (cáscara) y compuestos fenólicos. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue aprovechar las cáscaras y semillas de camu camu como ingredientes para filtrantes de infusión y evaluar el efecto del secado. Primero se deshidrataron las cáscaras y semillas a tres temperaturas (50, 65 y 70°C) y se caracterizaron en antocianinas totales y compuestos fenólicos totales. Luego fueron tamizadas en dos rangos de tamaño: pequeñas (entre 0,1 y 0,475 cm) y grandes (mayores a 0,475 cm) para ser evaluadas sensorialmente por un panel entrenado como infusión, mediante una escala hedónica de aceptabilidad general de 10 cm. Los resultados mostraron que las cáscaras contienen antocianinas y un mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos. En el caso de la evaluación sensorial, el panel prefirió las partículas de rango grande, ya que facilitan el envasado de los filtrantes y además dosifican mejor la disolución de los compuestos al medio (agua caliente) en comparación con las partículas pequeñas. La temperatura de secado seleccionada fue de 65°C, ya que algunas características fueron significativamente iguales a la de 50°C, además que el tiempo de secado es menor. Además, se observó el uso potencial de la semilla para otras formulaciones, ya que no otorga sabores extremos y aumenta el cuerpo de la bebida.
miR-26a is a Key Therapeutic Target with Enormous Potential in the
Diagnosis and Prognosis of Human Disease
Authors: Guan Wei , Chen Yan , Fan Yan
Published: January 2024

MicroRNA-26a (miR-26a) belongs to small non-coding regulatory RNA
molecules emerging as fundamental post-transcriptional regulators inhibiting gene expression
that plays vital roles in various processes of human diseases such as depression,
renal ischemia and reperfusion injury, liver injury and some refractory cancer. In this review,
we expound on the results of studies about miR-26a with emphasis on its function
in animal models or in vitro cell culture to simulate the most common human disease in
the clinic. Furthermore, we also illustrate the underlying mechanisms of miR-26a in
strengthening the antitumor activity of antineoplastic drugs. Importantly, dysregulation
of miR-26a has been related to many chronic and malignant diseases, especially in neurological
disorders in the brain such as depression and neurodegenerative diseases as
well as cancers such as papillary thyroid carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and so on.
It follows that miR-26a has a strong possibility to be a potential therapeutic target for
the treatment of neurological disorders and cancers. Although the research of miRNAs
has made great progress in the last few decades, much is yet to be discovered, especially
regarding their underlying mechanisms and roles in the complex diseases of humans.
Consequently, miR-26a has been analyzed in chronic and malignant diseases, and we
discuss the dysregulation of miR-26a and functional roles in the development and pathogenesis
of these diseases, which is very helpful for understanding their mechanisms as
new biomarkers for diagnosing and curing diseases in the near future.
Jeduxiaoliu Formula can Induce Apoptosis of Lymphoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Feng XiaoWei , Hu Ming , Wei Cong Ming , Zhang Hong Yu , Jiang Wen Wen , Hu Qi
Published: January 2024

Objective:

Lymphoma is the most common malignancy of the haematological system.
Jeduxiaoliu formula (JDXLF) exerts good therapeutic effects against lymphoma, however, the
mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate
the mechanism of action of JDXLF.

Methods:

RNA-Seq was performed to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic
effects of JDXLF against lymphoma. CCK-8 assay was performed to examine the effects
of JDXLF on the proliferation of lymphoma cells. Electron microscopy was performed to examine
the morphology of lymphoma cells. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the apoptosis and
cell cycle of lymphoma cells. qPCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression
of apoptotic genes and proteins. In vivo, the tumour-suppressive effect of JDXLF on lymphoma
transplanted tumours was examined by establishing a subcutaneous transplantation tumour model
in nude mice, and the expression of apoptotic proteins in tumour tissues was analysed via immunohistochemical
staining.

Results:

RNA-Seq revealed 71, 350 and 620 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 1
mg/mL, 4 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL JDXLF treatment groups, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis
showed that the DEGs were significantly associated with apoptosis, TNF signalling and NF-κB
signalling. In vitro experiments revealed that JDXLF inhibited the proliferation of lymphoma (Raji
and Jeko-1) cells in a dose-dependent manner, induced apoptosis and upregulated the expression
of Bax/Bcl2 and caspase3. In vivo experiments revealed that JDXLF had a significant tumourshrinking
effect on mice and increased the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins caspase3
and Bax/Bcl2.

Conclusions:

This study indicates that JDXLF can induce apoptosis in lymphoma cells in vitro
and in vivo. We suggest this may provide a direction for further research into lymphoma therapy
The Effect and Mechanism of Fufang Banbianlian Injection in the Treatment of Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Chang Jiakai , Wu Lingling , Tang Lifeng , Peng Fei , He Jiayi , Ni Huiming , Liu Jiaona , Li Shuang , Duan Shuwei , Chen Xiangmei
Published: January 2024

Objective:

Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) is an important cause
of chronic kidney disease. Abnormal proliferation of mesangial cells and immune-inflammatory
response are its important pathological manifestations. Currently, there is no ideal treatment for
this disease. Fufang Banbianlian Injection (FBI) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immuneenhancing
effects, and is mostly used for the treatment of bronchitis, pneumonia, and respiratory
tract infections in children.

Methods:

A rat model of MsPGN was established and treated with FBI. The efficacy was tested
through pathological experiments and urine protein quantification. Network pharmacology methods
were used to predict the signaling pathways and key proteins that exert the efficacy of FBI,
and were screened through molecular docking experiments. The active substances that work were
verified through cell experiments.

Results:

The results confirmed that intervention with FBI can inhibit the proliferation of glomerular
cells and reduce the infiltration of macrophages, thereby reducing the pathological damage of
rats with mesangial proliferative nephritis; it has been found to have an obvious therapeutic effect.
Molecular docking results have shown kaempferol (Kae), the main component of FBI, to
have a good affinity for key targets. The results of in vitro verification experiments showed that
FBI and its active ingredient Kae may play a therapeutic role by regulating the NF-κB signaling
pathway in mesangial cells, inhibiting its activation and the secretion of proinflammatory
cytokines.

Conclusion:

Through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification,
it was confirmed that FBI and its active ingredient Kae can reduce the molecular mechanism of
pathological damage of MsPGN by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway and providing potential
therapeutic drugs for the treatment of this disease.
Preparation, Swelling, and Drug Release Studies of Chitosan-based
Hydrogels for Controlled Delivery of Buspirone Hydrochloride
Authors: Suhail Muhammad , Fang Chih-Wun , Chiu I-Hui , Ullah Hamid , Lin I-Ling , Tsai Ming-Jun , Wu Pao-Chu
Published: January 2024

Background:

Buspirone is used for the management of depression and anxiety disorders.
Due to its short half-life and low bioavailability, it requires multiple daily doses and is associated
with some side effects.

Aim:

This study aimed to develop chitosan-based hydrogels as drug-controlled release carriers.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to prepare chitosan-based hydrogels as controlled release
carriers in order to overcome the side effects of buspirone HCl and improve patients' compliance
and their life quality.

Methods:

Polymer chitosan was polymerized with two monomers, acrylic acid and itaconic acid,
to synthesize pH-sensitive hydrogel. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were performed
to confirm the structure formation and thermal stability. Water penetration capability and
loading of the drug were performed by porosity and drug loading studies. The swelling and dissolution
tests were performed to analyze the pH-sensitive nature of the developed hydrogels.

Results:

FTIR, TGA, and DSC demonstrated that the chitosan-based hydrogels were successfully
prepared. An increase in water penetration and drug loading into the hydrogel network was
seen with the high incorporation of chitosan, acrylic acid, and itaconic acid. The swelling and
dissolution studies revealed that prepared hydrogel offered the greatest swelling and drug release
at a high pH of 7.4. The swelling and drug release from the hydrogel were affected by the concentrations
of the incorporated contents. A controlled release of the drug was achieved by using
chitosan-based hydrogel as a delivery carrier compared to commercial tablets of buspirone.

Conclusion:

The results showed that the developed chitosan-based hydrogel can be considered
one of the most suitable drug carrier systems for the controlled delivery of buspirone.
Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling Mediates Gastritis and Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zepeng , Liu Ju , Wang Yi , Zhang Lei , Zhou Tong , Huang Yu , Zhu Tongtong
Published: January 2024

The stomach is a crucial digestive organ in the human body, highly
susceptible to inflammation or pathogen invasion, which can lead to various gastric
diseases, including gastric cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the first line of
defense against pathogen invasion. TLR4, a member of the TLRs family, recognizes
pathogen and danger-related molecular patterns to induce inflammatory responses.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a significant factor in gastric health, and TLR4
recognizes H. pylori -LPS to trigger an inflammatory response. Downstream TLR4
signaling generates proinflammatory cytokines that initiate inflammation in the gastric
mucosa. In addition, TLR4 gene polymorphisms can increase health risks. This study
aims to investigate the contribution of TLR4 to the inflammatory response in gastric
diseases and the relation between TLR4 and H. pylori, TLR4 gene polymorphisms,
and how TLR4 affects gastric diseases’ possible pathways to provide further insight for
future prevention and clinical treatment strategies.
TPGS-modified Chitosan Nanoparticles of EGFR Inhibitor: Physicochemical and In vitro Evaluation against HepG2 Cell Lines
Authors: Singh Mahendra , Alka  , Shukla Prashant , Wen Zhi-Hong , Ko Chou-Yuan , Vinayagam Ramachandran
Published: January 2024

Background:

Gefitinib (GFN) is an Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitor,
and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved medication to treat lung cancer. However,
this investigation aimed to produce and characterize Gefitinib (GFN)-loaded chitosan and soy lecithin
nanoparticles (NPs) modified with D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate mono ester
(TPGS) and assess their therapeutic potential against HepG2 liver cell lines.

Methods:

Chitosan, a cationic polymer with biocompatible and biodegradable properties, was combined
with soy lecithin to develop the NPs loaded with GFN using a self-organizing ionic interaction
methodology.

Results:

The entrapment efficiency and drug loading were found to be 59.04±4.63 to 87.37±3.82%
and 33.46±3.76 to 49.50±4.35%, respectively, and results indicated the encapsulation of GEN in NPs.
The pH of the formulations was observed between 4.48-4.62. Additionally, all the prepared NPs
showed the size and PDI range of 89.2±15.9 nm to 799.2±35.8 nm and 0.179±0.065 to 0.455±0.097,
respectively. The FTIR bands in optimized formulation (GFN-NP1) indicated that the drug might be
contained within the NP's core. The SEM photograph revealed the spherical shape of NPs. The kinetic
release model demonstrated the combination of diffusion and erosion mechanisms. The IC50 value
of GFN and GFN-NP1 formulation against the HepG2 cell lines were determined and found to be
63.22±3.36 μg/ml and 45.80±2.53 μg/ml, respectively. DAPI and PI staining agents were used to
detect nuclear morphology.

Conclusion:

It was observed that the optimized GFN-NP1 formulation successfully internalized and
inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells. Hence, it can be concluded that the prepared NPs can be a new
therapeutic option for treating liver cancer.