bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges and opportunities on the utilisation of ionic liquid for biomass pretreatment and valorisation
Authors: Ovejero-Pérez Antonio , Nakasu Pedro Y. S. , Hopson Cynthia , Costa Josiel Martins , Hallett Jason P.
Published: May 2024

Biomass processing employing ionic liquids is already an established option at the laboratory scale. Ionic liquids can disrupt and deconstruct the lignocellulosic biomass network, giving rise to multiple options for valorisation. However, there is still much work remaining to accomplish the scale-up and commercialisation of ionic liquid-based biomass processing. Important issues such as ionic liquid cost and recyclability, among others, need to be carefully addressed. In addition, ionic liquids modify the structure and properties of the recovered materials, impacting potential applications. Due to the complex nature of ionic liquids, where multiple combinations of anions and cations are possible, these issues should be considered for each process and application, making it difficult to generalise for all cases. This perspective covers the main challenges and opportunities in the employment of ionic liquids for biomass processing, both in the biomass processing stage and in the valorisation of the recovered fractions. Among them, we discuss the importance of solvent recovery and costs as two critical issues to consider in biomass processing, as well as the major role lignin condensation plays in hindering ionoSolv lignin valorisation and different approaches to valorise the recovered cellulose.
Macrophage PET imaging in mouse models of cardiovascular disease and cancer with an apolipoprotein-inspired radiotracer
Authors: Toner Yohana C. , Prévot Geoffrey , van Leent Mandy M. T. , Munitz Jazz , Oosterwijk Roderick , Verschuur Anna Vera D. , van Elsas Yuri , Peric Vedran , Maas Rianne J. F. , Ranzenigo Anna , Morla-Folch Judit , Wang William , Umali Martin , de Dreu Anne , Fernandes Jessica Chimene , Sullivan Nathaniel A. T. , Maier Alexander , Mason Christian , Reiner Thomas , Fayad Zahi A. , Mulder Willem J. M. , Teunissen Abraham J. P. , Pérez-Medina Carlos
Published: May 2024

Macrophages are key inflammatory mediators in many pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This makes macrophage burden a valuable diagnostic marker and several strategies to monitor these cells have been reported. However, such strategies are often high-priced, non-specific, invasive, and/or not quantitative. Here, we developed a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer based on apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), the main protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which has an inherent affinity for macrophages. We radiolabeled an ApoA1-mimetic peptide (mA1) with zirconium-89 (89Zr) to generate a lipoprotein-avid PET probe (89Zr-mA1). We first characterized 89Zr-mA1’s affinity for lipoproteins in vitro by size exclusion chromatography. To study 89Zr-mA1’s in vivo behavior and interaction with endogenous lipoproteins, we performed extensive studies in wildtype C57BL/6 and Apoe-/- hypercholesterolemic mice. Subsequently, we used in vivo PET imaging to study macrophages in melanoma and myocardial infarction using mouse models. The tracer’s cell specificity was assessed by histology and mass cytometry (CyTOF). Our data show that 89Zr-mA1 associates with lipoproteins in vitro. This is in line with our in vivo experiments, in which we observed longer 89Zr-mA1 circulation times in hypercholesterolemic mice compared to C57BL/6 controls. 89Zr-mA1 displayed a tissue distribution profile similar to ApoA1 and HDL, with high kidney and liver uptake as well as substantial signal in the bone marrow and spleen. The tracer also accumulated in tumors of melanoma-bearing mice and in the ischemic myocardium of infarcted animals. In these sites, CyTOF analyses revealed that natZr-mA1 was predominantly taken up by macrophages. Our results demonstrate that 89Zr-mA1 associates with lipoproteins and hence accumulates in macrophages in vivo. 89Zr-mA1’s high uptake in these cells makes it a promising radiotracer for non-invasively and quantitatively studying conditions characterized by marked changes in macrophage burden.
Material-specific binding peptides empower sustainable innovations in plant health, biocatalysis, medicine and microplastic quantification
Authors: Mao Maochao , Ahrens Leon , Luka Julian , Contreras Francisca , Kurkina Tetiana , Bienstein Marian , Sárria Pereira de Passos Marisa , Schirinzi Gabriella , Mehn Dora , Valsesia Andrea , Desmet Cloé , Serra Miguel-Ángel , Gilliland Douglas , Schwaneberg Ulrich
Published: May 2024

Overview of natural and engineered material-binding peptides and the molecular forces crucial for their (material-specific) binding to material surfaces.
Red and NIR active dipod–SDS self-assemblies for “turn on” quantification of spermine in serum, urine and food: smart-phone assisted on-site determination of spermine in amine-rich foods
Authors: Singla Nancy , Dhiman Sukhvinder , Ahmad Manzoor , Kaur Satwinderjeet , Singh Prabhpreet , Kumar Subodh
Published: May 2024

Red and NIR active dipod–SDS self-assemblies can detect spermine – a vital biomarker for clinical diagnosis of cancer and estimating food spoilage.
Using single and double laser pulses on the molecular Ni4@C48H36 system to design integrated nanospintronic units
Authors: Barhoumi Mohamed , Liu Jing , Hübner Wolfgang , Lefkidis Georgios
Published: May 2024

We study long-distance spin transfer on a carbon-based material with four magnetic centers. Our findings demonstrate the enormous potential of using laser-induced spin dynamics as the fundamental mechanism for future spintronics technology.
Structural and vibrational properties of lanthanide Lindqvist polyoxometalate complexes
Authors: Subintoro Primadi J. , Carter Korey P.
Published: May 2024

The structural and vibrational properties of lanthanide Lindqvist (LnW10) polyoxometalates were investigated to delineate the effects of structural changes and polymorphism on vibrational manifolds relevant to spin based relaxation processes.
Synthesis and characterization of Pt(ii) and Au(i) complexes with N-oxy-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NOHCs)
Authors: Benin Alice , Kollar Joshua Immanuel , Riesebeck Tim , Wurl Felix , Graiff Claudia , Strassner Thomas , Tubaro Cristina
Published: May 2024

Platinum(ii) cyclometalated N-alkyloxyimidazol-2-ylidene complexes with β-diketonate auxiliary ligands, [(CNOHC^C*)Pt(L∩L)], and a gold(i) N-alkyloxyimidazol-2-ylidene complex [(CNOHC)AuBr] were synthesized and fully characterized.
N-doped Ti3C2-reinforced porous g-C3N4 for photocatalytic contaminants degradation and nitrogen reduction
Authors: Li Ziyang , Sun Mingxuan , Chen Haohao , Zhao Junjie , Huang Xiangzhi , Gao Yu , Teng Huanying , Chen Chen
Published: May 2024

Both the ultrasonic synthesis strategy for N-Ti3C2 and the construction of N-Ti3C2/porous g-C3N4 photocatalysts are new developments. The improved photocatalytic activity for pollutant degradation and nitrogen reduction are demonstrated.
Cold plasma activated Ni0/Ni2+ interface catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic methane oxidation to low-carbon alcohols
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Li Wei , Peng Junyi , Xue Lian , He Ge
Published: May 2024

To stabilize Ni0/Ni2+ during the CH4OR process, herein, we have successfully developed a general oxidation strategy for the direct synthesis of transition metal oxides by O2 cold plasma treatment of Ni0, including NiO, to generate a Ni0/Ni2+-on-Cu interface.
Photo-driven electron transfer from FAPbBr3 perovskites nanocrystals to photodeactivatable 4-(phenylazo) benzoic acid
Authors: Sumreen Poshmal , Mukhtar Maria , Khalid Muhammad Adnan , Mubeen Muhammad , Kiran Laraib , Iqbal Amna , Iqbal Azhar
Published: May 2024

Formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) nanocrystals (NCs) are promising materials due to narrow band emission and attachment of these NCs with photochromic molecules may help to design future photo-driven fluorescent probes with high colour-contrast.
Synergistically enhancing interface stability with soft gel and garnet-type Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 bi-functional composite electrolyte of lithium metal batteries
Authors: Wang Qiujun , Wang Yaqing , Bai Nana , Zhu Weiqi , Zhang Di , Li Zhaojin , Sun Huilan , Sun Qujiang , Wang Bo , Fan Li-Zhen
Published: May 2024

Solid electrolytes are expected to fundamentally replace liquid electrolytes due to their high safety and energy density.
Antibacterial efficacy of copper-based metal–organic frameworks against Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus
Authors: Elmehrath Sandy , Ahsan Khansa , Munawar Nayla , Alzamly Ahmed , Nguyen Ha L. , Greish Yaser
Published: May 2024

Proposed antibacterial mechanisms of Cu-BTC and Cu-GA. Both MOFs release Cu2+ ions from their framework, facilitating their attachment and internalization on the surface of both E. coli (Gram-negative) and Lactobacillus (Gram-positive) bacteria.
The synthesis and adsorption–dispersion properties of PPEGMA–PVPA copolymers in cement paste
Authors: Li Shenzhen , Zhou Dongliang , Shu Xin , Ran Qianping , Yang Yong
Published: May 2024

A novel phosphate-containing polymer PPEGMA–PVPA was synthesized via solution radical copolymerization. The polymer exhibited better adsorption–dispersion performance in cement paste than the reference polycarboxylate superplasticizer.
Yeast-laden hydrogel capsules for scalable trace lead removal from water
Authors: Gokhale Devashish , Stathatou Patritsia M. , Athanasiou Christos E. , Doyle Patrick S.
Published: May 2024

Hydrogel capsules are used to encapsulate yeast for the scalable and efficient removal of trace lead from water.
How does the Xist activator Rlim/Rnf12 regulate Xist expression?
Authors: Wang Feng , Mehta Poonam , Bach Ingolf
Published: May 2024

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Xist is crucially involved in a process called X chromosome inactivation (XCI), the transcriptional silencing of one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals to achieve X dosage compensation between the sexes. Because Xist RNA silences the X chromosome from which it is transcribed, the activation of Xist transcription marks the initiation of the XCI process and thus, mechanisms and players that activate this gene are of central importance to the XCI process. During female mouse embryogenesis, XCI occurs in two steps. At the 2–4 cell stages imprinted XCI (iXCI) silences exclusively the paternally inherited X chromosome (Xp). While extraembryonic cells including trophoblasts keep the Xp silenced, epiblast cells that give rise to the embryo proper reactivate the Xp and undergo random XCI (rXCI) around implantation. Both iXCI and rXCI are dependent on Xist. Rlim, also known as Rnf12, is an X-linked E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in the transcriptional activation of Xist. However, while data on the crucial involvement of Rlim during iXCI appear clear, its role in rXCI has been controversial. This review discusses data leading to this disagreement and recent evidence for a regulatory switch of Xist transcription in epiblasts of implanting embryos, partially reconciling the roles of Rlim during Xist activation.
Viral genome sequencing methods: benefits and pitfalls of current approaches
Authors: Jansz Natasha , Faulkner Geoffrey J.
Published: May 2024

Whole genome sequencing of viruses provides high-resolution molecular insights, enhancing our understanding of viral genome function and phylogeny. Beyond fundamental research, viral sequencing is increasingly vital for pathogen surveillance, epidemiology, and clinical applications. As sequencing methods rapidly evolve, the diversity of viral genomics applications and catalogued genomes continues to expand. Advances in long-read, single molecule, real-time sequencing methodologies present opportunities to sequence contiguous, haplotype resolved viral genomes in a range of research and applied settings. Here we present an overview of nucleic acid sequencing methods and their applications in studying viral genomes. We emphasise the advantages of different viral sequencing approaches, with a particular focus on the benefits of third-generation sequencing technologies in elucidating viral evolution, transmission networks, and pathogenesis
Evaluation of heifers of Fleckvieh breed, imported to the republic of Armenia from the Federal Republic of Germany, according to the milk productivity of their ancestors
Authors: Giloyan G.H. , Kasumyan N.A.
Published: May 2024

The genealogy analysis allows to predetermine the productivity and pedigree traits of proband animals based on the indicators of their ancestors. The analysis of ancestral milk productivity in the genealogy of 20 proband heifers of German fleckvieh breed shows that the average milking of heifers’ mothers is 8284 kg which is lower than the milking of the mothers of heifers’ mothers by 706 kg or 7.9% and lower than the milking of the mothers of heifers’ fathers by 1542 kg or 15.7%. 18 heifers were obtained by heterogeneous mating and 2 heifers were obtained by homogeneous mating. After the birth, the proband heifers will demonstrate high genetic capacity of dairy properties- 9055kg, but the generation received from them has been foreseen to be of low productivity based on the seeding with bulls of lower productivity. We propose to consider milk fat+lactalbumin quantity as the main property of selection and mating and apply homogeneous mating for creating future generations, stabilize the desirable selection traits by increasing their transferrable power generation by generation, and apply individual heterogeneous mating for cows with 5000-6900 kg lactation by using bulls with 752 kg milk fat + lactalbumin capacity.
Directed work on breeding of high-blooded rabbit litters in the rabbit breeding laboratory of Belgorod GAU
Authors: Pokhodnya G.S. , Kotlyarova S.N. , Breslavets Y.P. , Demidenko I.S. , Kreneva T.V.
Published: May 2024

The rabbit is one of the most common types of laboratory animals used in a number of experimental studies in general biology, medicine and veterinary medicine. And today, the most actively discussed strategy is the policy of import substitution as a factor in ensuring the growth of domestic agribusiness, and of course rabbit breeding is the most promising and rapidly developing industry. Therefore, we believe that the creation of crossbred rabbits of domestic selection that are not inferior in their characteristics to their European counterparts is an extremely urgent task, which served as the driver for the development of the issue of creating a highly productive herd of rabbits (high-blooded crossbreeds) in a relatively short time: until 2024. It should be noted that the selection process began in 2013 and systematically developed until the present time, when it became obvious and relevant for the development of the food cluster of the Belgorod region, including the work on the creation of a specialized, fully adapted line of rabbits. As a result of systematic selection work aimed at growth energy, milk production in rabbits and white dermis, we have a rabbit with a given phenotype (white color with a thickness of 9-15 microns in the area of the withers of the epidermis, dermis -250-350 microns, in accordance with the requirements for the production of resorbing membranes from dermis of rabbits for the dental industry), the live weight of male sires over 8 months of age on average is 4.8-5.8 kg, female rabbits - 4.7-5.5 kg. Today, the obtained economically useful characteristics are being stabilized and consolidated in the offspring.
Growth intensity of young rabbits on the background of use of complete mixed fodders
Authors: Pokhodnya G.S. , Obernikhina N.I. , Khokhlova N.S. , Kotlyarova S.N. , Breslavets Y.P.
Published: May 2024

The development of each individual is influenced by many factors: from genetic to environmental conditions. Therefore, the goal of our research was to establish the characteristics of the growth rate of rabbits from birth to sale when using complete feed in a controlled microclimate. Research was carried out on complex crossbreeds in the rabbit breeding laboratory of the Belgorod State Agrarian University. At birth, the average live weight is 53±2 g. In the first three days, the rabbits were fed colostrum and their average daily gain was 8±1 g, when switching to milk in the next 4 days it increased to 13±1 g, and in the next week - 19±2 g. In the third week of life, the rabbits were introduced to the feed; during this period, the average daily gain did not increase significantly and amounted to 21±3 g. From the next week, the feed began to prevail in the diet of the young animals, and their average daily gain increased to 39±4 g, and the live weight reached 796±43 g. Starting from the 30th day, the rabbits were exposed to stress factors such as branding and weaning. At the same time, the average daily increase in live weight continued to increase, reaching a maximum in the interval between 50 and 60 days with values of 40-42 g, regardless of the method of preventing eimeriosis. It is worth noting that live weight when using a coccidiostat based on essential oils (Ent-Oil Eimecon Dry) is higher than when using a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against eimeria (Cycocin) and amounted to 3078±38 and 3305±62 g, respectively (p < 0.01).
The effect of dry and wet aging of horse meat on color
Authors: Tikhonov S.L. , Mukhamedov T.A. , Tikhonova N.V. , Zdereva L.B.
Published: May 2024

The color of horse meat may depend on several factors, including storage conditions, animal type and age, as well as meat processing methods. Studies aimed at comparing the color of dry aging and wet aging of horse meat have not been the subject of much scientific research. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of dry and wet aging of horse meat on color. The object of research is a boneless dorsal cut of horse meat. Meat samples were isolated 24 hours after slaughter and stored (2 ± 5 °C) in a dark place. Eight samples of horse meat were cut from a boneless dorsal cut, and then randomly distributed according to the periods and aging method. Two control samples - 1 day, three samples of dry aging – 14, 21, 28 days. Wet aging of horse meat was carried out in vacuum packed form in a refrigerated product storage chamber at a temperature of 2±1 °C and relative humidity of no more than 90% for 28 days. Instrumental color measurements were carried out on the L*, a* and b* scales using a Minolta colorimeter (Minolta CR-400, Osaka, Japan) installed with a D65 illuminator, viewing angle 2°. The differences in the indicator of Lightness L* in meat of dry and wet aging for 14 days were 1,785, at 21 days - 3,784 and 28 days - 10,754, in terms of Redness, a* 11,626 - at 14 days, 13.0841 and 15.1253 were 21 and 28 days, respectively. The difference in Blue, b* was 8.6054, 13.3676, 12.3517 for 14.21 and 28 days. The obtained color differences, ΔE* 17,1346, 21,192, 26,64 indicate that the method of aging of horse meat has a significant effect on its color.
Prospects for organic horse breeding in Yakutia
Authors: Pak Maria N. , Ivanov Revoriy V. , Alferov I.
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the prospects for the development of organic horse breeding in Yakutia. The potential of Yakutia in the development of organic animal husbandry is justified by the presence of a huge territory with a favorable environmental situation, the presence of vast areas remote from industrial centers that meet the concept of eco-products. It is noted that Yakut traditional animal husbandry, especially herd horse breeding, is suitable for organic animal husbandry, due to the fact that the requirements are ideally met. Organic animal husbandry requires keeping animals in the most environmentally friendly conditions, where there is no environmental pollution. in the natural way of life to which animals are adapted, where the traditional management system adheres, where animals are adapted to local conditions, emphasis should be placed on the use of organic feeds, which should be natural, nutritious and provide animals with normal physiology and metabolism, should not contain harmful substances, purebred animals without crossbreeds are welcome, that is, local breeds with high resistance to adverse maintenance factors. It is noted that the Yakut horse breeding, with a special technology of maintenance and feeding, provides environmentally friendly dietary, delicatessen products (foal, internal fat, blood, etc.), which has the prospect of being an export product.
Feed additive for cattle
Authors: Sheida E.V. , Kvan O.V. , Kislova D.A. , Shevchenko A.D. , Silin D.A.
Published: May 2024

Enzymes produced by the digestive tract of ruminants are unable to digest cellulose. Nevertheless, a large amount of fiber in the feed used by ruminants is broken down by the action of enzymes of the rumen microflora. This complex process not only destroys the fibrous material, but also releases the nutrients contained inside the cells, so that the digestive juices of the animal can more easily affect them. For experimental studies, 2 experimental groups were formed: the bull-calves of group I included mechanically ground sunflower husk in the diet, group II - sunflower husk fermented for 9 days in a bioreactor, at T = 39°C, pH = 6.9-7.0. Husk was introduced into the diet of bull-calves of groups I and II together with a concentrated part of the feed, replacing 10% by volume. The object of the study are bull-calves of the Kazakh white-headed breed with chronic rumen fistula, with an average weight of 340-345 kg, aged 15-16 months.
Molecular genetic analysis as a method of detecting microorganisms in industrial poultry farming
Authors: Kalitkina Ksenia , Morozov Vitaly , Laptev Georgy , Kolesnikov Roman , Voropaev Vladimir
Published: May 2024

Methods of molecular genetic analysis are widely used to study the air microbiota. These methods make it possible to study all groups of microorganisms without the need for their cultivation. The purpose of the study was to analyze the microbiota of the poultry house air environment by the qPCR method and identify the presence of representatives of the normophlora, opportunistic and pathogenic microflora. The research plan included sampling of the air microbiota from a three-tier cage battery for poultry rearing for 42 days. The data obtained revealed an increase in the presence of microorganisms during the entire experiment, the largest number of them was detected on the 42nd day of cultivation on the lower tier. The results of the study emphasize the importance of timely detection and assessment of the microbiota of the air to prevent the spread of diseases and their impact on the health and productivity of birds.
Evaluation of the plant antioxidant effect on biotechnological processes of production and properties of fermented milk drinks
Authors: Fatkullin R.I. , Kalinina I.V. , Naumenko N.V. , Fatkullina N.I. , Skachkova E.N.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of flavonol dihydroquercetin in its original and modified form on the development of starter cultures of microorganisms and the formation of functional properties of ready–made fermented milk drinks. The addition of a plant antioxidant to the composition of fermented dairy products may allow the formation of new functional properties, in particular antioxidant ones. Nevertheless, the potential antimicrobial activity of dihydroquercetin determines the need to find an effective dosage to preserve the initial probiotic properties of the product. To achieve the purpose of the study, the biomass growth of microorganisms of the starter culture was monitored using a personal assay bioreactor, the number of probiotic microorganisms and antioxidant activity were determined by the DPPH method in the finished product. The results showed the possibility of obtaining dairy products with a complex of probiotic and antioxidant properties. At the same time, a dose-dependent effect of dihydroquercetin effect in its original form on the development of cultures of probiotic microorganisms was established. The use of a dosage of 0.1% had a negative effect on the formation of the functional properties of the finished drink. The use of a modified form of the antioxidant made it possible to minimize its inhibitory effect on lactic acid microorganisms, preserve probiotic and form pronounced antioxidant properties of the finished drink.
Development of intelligent technology elements to establish optimal harvest dates for grain crops
Authors: Barnashova E.K. , Vertikova E.A. , Derevyagin S.S.
Published: May 2024

The outstripping pace of agro-industrial complex development is largely determined by the level of agricultural production organization. The effectiveness of crop cultivation depends both on external factors: nature of soils, climatic conditions, etc., and on the skillful organization of agrotechnical measures, timely implementation of planned sowing cycles, cultivation and harvesting of crop production. The development of intelligent technologies can optimize the use of resources and management processes in the field of agriculture, as well as improve the quality of finished products. In particular, using the capabilities of artificial intelligence, it is possible to process large amounts of data on soil composition, fertility, humidity, and other soil parameters; predict weather and climate, forecast and plan sowings of certain crops. With the help of modern intelligent technologies, it is possible to monitor the condition of plants, identify diseases and pests, control growth and determine the best time for sowing, various types of plant treatment and time for harvesting. Definitely, these are just some areas where intelligent technologies in agriculture that can be used. With the development of technology and improved data availability, the possibilities of using artificial intelligence in all the areas mentioned will only grow.
Evaluation of the productive qualities of Holstein dairy cattle
Authors: Gorelik O.V. , Kharlap S.Yu. , Pavlova Ya.S. , Galushina P.S. , Bykova O.A. , Kaneva E.V.
Published: May 2024

Sverdlovsk region is one of the leading regions in milk production. The main livestock of dairy cattle is represented by the Holstein breed, obtained as a result of long-term use of the global gene pool of Holstein servicing bulls. The assessment of the productive qualities of dairy cattle of the Holstein breed, including consideration of linear origin, is relevant and has practical significance. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the farm is dominated by the number of cows of the Vis Back Ideal line, which account for more than 65.8% of the total number of cows. There is an unreliable insignificant difference in favor of cows of the Reflection Sovering line between groups of animals of different genealogical lines for the first and third lactation. With age, there is a decrease in milk quality indicators, such as FMF and PMF in milk from cows of all genealogical lines, which confirms the natural negative relationship between milk yield and milk quality indicators. The absorption of dairy black-and–white cattle of the domestic breed by the gene pool of the world’s most abundantly dairy breed, the Holstein, led to an increase in milk yields and the milk yield coefficient of these cows is much higher than 1000 kg. Despite the fact that the difference in milk yield is unreliable and the variation of the trait within each group along the line is quite significant, this is indicated by indirect traits such as the coefficient of milk production, milk yield for full-age lactation, etc., origin affects the productive qualities of cows.
Preparation of dietary fiber from oats
Authors: Nikolina Anna , Zinina Oksana , Neverova Olga , Sharaviev Pavel , Pavlova Yana , Lopayeva Nadezhda
Published: May 2024

Today, there is a trend of increasing demand for products made from plant materials, especially the demand for plant-based drinks. Many enterprises adhere to the technology of producing these drinks from whole grain raw materials. In this regard, at the enterprises, producing these products, the volumes of secondary plant raw materials, meal, have increased, the issue of processing of which has not yet been fully resolved. Sensory and physicochemical characteristics of whole grain oats were determined, and the results showed that this raw material is suitable for subsequent processing. Based on the results of the research, it was established that the prepared dietary fiber preparation from oats has high functional and technological indicators and a degree of hydration, as well as low moisture content, which increase the yield and improve the quality of the finished product. These results allow us to conclude that the obtained dietary fiber preparation can be used in the future for food production.
Pathomorphogenesis of Thermal Injury in Animals
Authors: Zhenikhova N.I. , Korch M.A. , Shakirov V.E. , Eroshenko E.S. , Popkov E.I.
Published: May 2024

In the practice of a veterinarian, it is not often, but you have to deal with various injuries and wounds in animals. Burn wounds heal especially hard in animals. And death often occurs from intoxication or septicaemia Physiological processes in the body of animals take place at a certain body temperature, which is peculiar only to a certain type of animal. Changes in the thermal parameters of the body lead to pathological changes. And a stronger increase or decrease in body temperature parameters can lead to death. Thermal injuries in animals can be caused by the action of open fire, boiling water, chemicals, ionizing radiation, as well as by improper use of electric heaters or insufficiently grounded plates of electric scooters. A thermal wound is a pathological process with a violation of the integrity of the skin, which leads to a decrease in the basic functions of the body, severe injury and death. The degree of tissue damage depends on the type of active damaging factor, its strength and duration of exposure. [5] Local infectious complications are very common in thermal burns. The resulting infection slows down the healing of burn wounds and contributes to the formation of scars [6]. The contamination of wounds with bacteria begins immediately after the burn and consists of conditionally pathogenic bacteria of the environment or the animal’s own biome.
Antimicrobial properties of chlorophyll and hemin incorporated into the polymeric matrix of poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone
Authors: Gruznov D.V. , Gruznova O.A. , Chesnokova I.P. , Plaksina L.F. , Lobanov A.V. , Shcherbakova G.Sh.
Published: May 2024

The increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms is becoming more widespread. Metalloporphyrins are promising and modern antimicrobial agents. The most well-known representatives of metalloporphyrins are chlorophyll (Chl) and hemin. This paper presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of Chl and hemin complexes with poly-N -vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as an antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The method for preparing polymeric forms of Chl and hemin is presented. The binding constants of these substances to the polymer were calculated, which were 0.5×105 L/mol for Chl and 3.3×104 L/mol for hemin. Experimental data on the release of substances from the polymeric matrix were obtained. It was found that the complete release of Chl from PVP was observed after 13 h, and hemin – after 10 h. The data on the comparative antimicrobial effect of substances in free and polymeric form were obtained in a microbiological test. Further these results can be used in the development of medicines against microbial infections.
The prevalence of JC and BK viruses among prostate cancer patients in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf province
Authors: Kadhum Hussein Ali , Mezher Musa Nima
Published: May 2024

A total of 74 clinical samples Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) were collected from patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) aged between 41 and 90 years and these samples were obtained from patients treated at notable medical institutions like Al-Sadr Medical City and leading clinical laboratories in Al-Najaf City, Iraq, during the period of January to December 2023. Prostate cancer is considered a common malignant tumor in males, and studies are still investigating the possible relationship of the appearance of this disease with other factors, including viral infections, which were investigated in the current study in search of possible links between the presence of human BK oncolytic viruses (BKV). The JC (JCV) and the emergence of this disease. The current study indicated the potential role of the JCV virus in provoking prostatitis, which may lead to the emergence and development of prostate cancer in males compared to males who do not suffer from viral infection. The present study showed the absence of BKV virus DNA in prostate cancer tissue samples compared to the presence of JCV virus DNA, as the percentage of positive samples reached (11, 14.864%) compared to negative samples (63, 85.135%).
Productivity of sorghum crops in the southern chernozems of the Orenburg region
Authors: Yartsev G.F. , Gulyanov Yu.A. , Baikasenov R.K. , Aimuratov R.A. , Dolmatov A.P.
Published: May 2024

Both the crop production and animal husbandry industries are developed in the Orenburg region. For the normal development of the livestock industry, it is necessary to create a stable feed base. The Orenburg region is characterized by a sharply continental climate with frequent droughts. Therefore, it is necessary to select drought-resistant forage crops. Such crops include sorghum crops. In our research, hybrids and varieties of sugar sorghum, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, Sudan grass for green fodder, as well as hybrids of grain sorghum for grain have been studied. It was revealed that in severe drought, the most productive for green fodder is sugar sorghum of the Silosnoye 88 variety, in medium drought – sorghum-sudangrass hybrid Boyarin. In terms of grain sorghum hybrids, the Willy hybrid turned out to be the best in terms of productivity.
Features of cultivation of monoecious drug-free hemp in Western Siberia
Authors: Tarasenko D.A. , Galeev R.R.
Published: May 2024

The results of research conducted in 2022-2023 on the heavy loamy gray forest soil of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia are presented. The experiments were fixed in the Moshkovsky district of the Novosibirsk region. The purpose of the research was to develop technology elements for the cultivation of monoecious Central Russian hemp in the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. The following varieties were studied: Rodnik (standard), Vera, Nadezhda, and Surskaya. The soil of the experiment plots is heavy loamy gray forest with a humus content of 3.39% at pH 6.43. There was 16 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus - 14.8, and exchangeable potassium - 12.8 mg/100g of soil. Meteorological conditions during the years of the research differed both in temperature and in the amount of precipitation. During the growing season, 336 mm of precipitation fell in 2022 and only 306 mm in 2023. In terms of heat supply, conditions in 2023 were closer to the average long-term. The experiments were carried out on plots with an accounting area of 9.6 m2, the repetition was fourfold, the placement was randomized. It is shown that in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, it is effective to cultivate varieties of Central Russian monoecious hemp on heavy loamy gray forest soil: Rodnik, Vera, Nadezhda, and Surskaya. For hemp cultivation for seeds, a norm of 1.1 million of germinating seeds per 1 hectare should be applied providing a yield of 1.78 t/ha. The fat yield reached 280 kg/ha in the Surskaya variety. The fiber yield was higher with a seeding rate of 3.1 and 3.4 million of germinating seeds per 1 hectare at the level of 0.151 t/ha. With a fiber content of 33.2%. The effectiveness of three-time application of growth regulators Epin-Extra and Zircon, chelated micronutrients Siliplant, Toro Combi, and Turmax on monoecious hemp (seed treatment, during vegetation in the phase of 3-4 real leaves and budding) is shown.
Peptide regulation of plant cell homeostasis
Authors: Linkova Natalia , Diatlova Anastasiia , Dudkov Aleksander
Published: May 2024

Homeostasis acts as a fundamental characteristic of living organisms and is understood as maintaining the internal environment within acceptable limits. Various classes of plant signal peptides are involved in the regulation of plant homeostasis. The aim of the review is to systematize various aspects of peptide regulation of plant cell functions. It has been established that peptides of the PSY1 and RALF families maintain pH homeostasis; peptides of the PSK family regulate the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid and embryogenesis of plant cells. PNP peptides regulate water-salt metabolism, CIF peptides limit diffusion between tissues. Short peptides consisted of 2-4 amino acids reduce oxidative stress and stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of plant cells. KE, AEDG and AEDL short peptides are considered promising regulators of homeostasis and functions of plant cells, and therefore their role as new generation phytohormones is assumed.
Grain moisture control in the technological process of drying based on the dielcometric method
Authors: Kalandarov P.I. , Turkmenov Kh.I. , Abdukadyrov A.A. , Kutybaeva A.E. , Marksuly S.
Published: May 2024

The paper discusses the problem of grain moisture control in the process of drying, analyzes the dielcometric method based on a high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency meter. Scientific directions of research are aimed at determining the basic requirements for methods of moisture control in non-equilibrium processes of heat and moisture exchange during drying of grain crops, and identifying the accuracy of dielcometric high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency methods of moisture control in the process of drying grain crops, and maintaining the necessary storage conditions in warehouses. Spectral analysis of signals requiring demodulation becomes increasingly complex as frequencies increase, with the greatest challenges occurring in the millimeter wave and at higher frequencies. These application notes discuss the development of a prototype and the design of instruments and describe methods for making accurate measurements with minimal costs in various operating conditions, and give metrological characteristics of a prototype moisture meter obtained during the testing period in laboratory and production conditions.
Agroecological efficiency of various doses and combinations of organic and mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring wheat in Karakalpakstan
Authors: Tureev Abat A.
Published: May 2024

The soils of the Republic of Karakalpakstan differ from the soils of other regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the insufficient amount of nutrients available to the plant. In this regard, in the Republic, in the production of crop production, it becomes necessary to compensate for the lack of nutrition of the plant by introducing huge doses of expensive mineral fertilizers, and this, in turn, additional labor and a significant financial investment. As a result, this leads not only to an increase in the cost of production and a decrease in the profitability of production, but also negatively affects the ecological state of the soil and the environment. In recent years, grain yields in the Republic have been ensured only by applying large doses of mineral fertilizer, but despite this, grain yields are lower than average than in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and soil fertility leaves much to be desired. Experts attribute this to the insufficient level of attention of producers to the physical, chemical and biological condition of soils, that is, it is not compensated by natural organic components but is subjected to heavy loads. Based on these facts, the conclusion is obvious that in this region, mineral fertilizers, although they are one of the main factors that increase the productivity of crop production, nevertheless they are not able to affect the fertility, resistance and environmental sustainability of the soil. Based on this, it is necessary to develop a local technology involving traditional and alternative types of organic fertilizers capable of compensating for nutrients during the growing season of the plant with maximum optimization of mineral fertilizers without compromising yield.
The effect of soil liming, nitrogen and potassium application on the growth, development and physiological parameters of Calendula officinalis L.
Authors: Kholoptseva E.S. , Kurbatov A.A.
Published: May 2024

The effect of soil liming and the addition of different doses of nitrogen and potassium on the growth, development and operation of FAS pot marigold plants (Calendula officinalis L. abrikosovy jam variety was studied. Experimental options: option 1 (control); option 2 (lime 4.6 t/ha); option 3 (lime 4.6 t/ha, N70K140); option 4 (lime 4.6 t/ha, N100K200). The plants were grown at an illumination intensity of PAR 200 mmol/m2, with a photoperiod of 12 hours before the flowering stage. The results of the study showed that the application of lime and mineral fertilizers significantly increased the biomass, height, leaf area of plants and the intensity of photosynthesis, accelerated the development of plants compared with the control. At the same time, the greatest influence on plant productivity was exerted by the introduction of lime into the soil, which caused a maximum increase in the intensity of photosynthesis and the water use efficiency (WUE), an increase in the number of inflorescences and their mass. The addition of urea and potassium sulfate caused an additional increase in plant weight and leaf area. There was no significant effect of nitrogen and potassium addition on the chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, transpiration intensity and WUE.
The influence of agrometeorological factors on the yield of grain crops in the forest-steppe of the Omsk region
Authors: Yushkevich L.V. , Yushchenko D.N. , Shields A.G. , Kashinskaya S.P. , Butko A.S.
Published: May 2024

In the arid agricultural landscapes of Western Siberia, the productivity of leading grain crops is determined by adaptive agrotechnology, the use of intensification tools and hydrothermal conditions. The relatively low (up to 1.40-1.70 t/ha) and unstable yield of grain crops is mainly due to the limited use of fertilizers (up to 20 kg/ha), the aridity of the climate. Long-term studies have established that in the southern forest-steppe agricultural landscapes, precipitation of all periods of the year, except for spring, has an impact on grain productivity. Autumn moisture reserves determine the yield of spring wheat after its corn predecessor by 51% in general, up to 21% for steam, and only 13% for barley. The conjugacy of spring soil moisture is higher on wheat, on flat-cutting processing than on plowing, on intensive agrotechnology. The most significant combination of spring moisture reserves and summer precipitation (June-1st decade of July). The dependence of wheat yield after steam reaches a high conjugacy (r=0.77-0.84), after corn – from medium to strong (up to 59-71%). The correlation of yield with the temperature regime during the growing season is negative. The conjugacy with the value of GTK is more pronounced after the corn precursor – 46%, steam – up to 30%, barley only 8%, the greatest dependence was revealed with the Coefficient of dryness. The predicted yield level of high–quality grain with complex chemicalization and soil protection treatment with average long-term hydrothermal parameters on wheat after the corn precursor reaches 2.8 t/ha with a probability of up to 76%, and 3.4 t/ha for steam. To optimize the water regime, it is necessary to use additional moisture-accumulating agricultural techniques.
Improving the efficiency of seed production of heterotic cucumber hybrids in protected soil
Authors: Karpukhin M.Yu. , Chusovitina K.A.
Published: May 2024

Increasing the efficiency of seed production of heterotic cucumber hybrids is the most important task of protected soil vegetable growing. In recent years, modern heterotic cucumber hybrids have almost completely replaced conventional varieties due to higher economically valuable traits. The article presents experimental data on the study of biological and morphological features of cucumber baselines for the production of heterotic hybrids, as well as new agrotechnological methods of growing seedlings, which reduce the economic costs of obtaining pure cucumber lines. As a result of studying the initial maternal lines, it was found that for the development of the aboveground and underground parts of the plant, it is necessary to use ℓ-80 and ℓ-154 to successfully obtain seeds. To get more male flowers when growing seedlings of maternal lines, it is necessary to sow 2 seeds in each pot at a distance of 2-3 cm. In the course of research, a unique method for obtaining male flowers has been developed by changing the density of the standing of the mother cucumber plants (application for patent of the Russian Federation No. 2023131502 dated 11/28/2023).
The Effect Of Rye Translocation T1BL.1RS on economically valuable traits of winter common wheat varieties
Authors: Kopus Mikhail , Marchenko Dmitry , Kravchenko Nina , Ivanisov Mikhail
Published: May 2024

There have been studied new promising winter common wheat varieties ‘Ambar’, ‘Premiera’ and ‘Ermak’, the leading variety according to the area occupied in the Rostov region. The variety ‘Don 107’ was used as a standard according to reserve protein loci to identify introgression of genetic material from rye, and there has been studied the effect of the translocation T1BL.1RS on the severity of grain quality traits. The samples were grown in a competitive variety testing conducted in the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production of the ARC “Donskoy” in 2017-2019. Estimations, records, and observations were carried out in accordance with the methodological instructions of the State Variety Testing of agricultural crops. In order to identify rye translocations, there has been used the method of electrophoresis of alcohol-soluble reserve proteins in an acidic medium in a starch gel. There has been determined that the mean productivity of the new promising variety ‘Ambar’ over the years of study exceeded the standard by 6%, and the variety ‘Ermak’ by 7%. The excess of maximum productivity was 5% and 23%, respectively, over the standard and the leading variety. The variety ‘Premiera’ has had mean productivity higher by 13 and 14% compared to the standard ‘Don 107’ and the variety ‘Ermak’, respectively. There has been established a maximum productivity excess to the standard and the leading variety by 3% and 9%. At the same time, their flour strength and SDS-sedimentation were 63% and 60%, 102% and 97%, respectively. According to protein and gluten percentage in grain, the varieties ‘Ambar’ and ‘Premiera’, like ‘Don 107’ and ‘Ermak’ have fallen into the same quality group of class 3, being characterized with valuable grain. An important advantage of the ‘varieties Ambar’ and ‘Premiera’ is resistance to brown rust, yellow rust, stem rust and powdery mildew, since the translocation contains resistance genes to these diseases.
Biomorphological and ecological-cenotic analysis of honey species in the flora of the Chechen republic
Authors: Iriskhanova Z.I. , Khanaeva H.R. , Gazieva M.Sh.
Published: May 2024

There is a close relationship between honey bees and flowering plants. These plants have healing properties and are used by bees as food. Plants that produce nectar and pollen play an important role in the agriculture of the Chechen Republic. This report provides a generic and ecological-coenotic analysis of honey-bearing species in the flora of the Chechen Republic. On the territory of the Chechen Republic there are 160 species of honey plants, which belong to 77 genera, united in 29 families. The analysis is based on the processing of herbarium materials and field observations conducted by the authors.