bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Classification Measures in Predicting Achievement in the Israel Defence Forces - Fitness Instruction Trainers Courses as a Case Study
Authors: Galily Yair , Kayam Orly , Bar-Eli Michael
Published: February 2013

Human resources are the most crucial element in the selection of suitable fitness instruction trainers (FIT) and the results of the screening process impact greatly on the entire physical training system in the Israeli army, both in the short-term and the long-term (potential officers, young officers and developing and veteran officers). The aim of the current study is to examine the effectiveness, validity and reliability of the screening process for acceptance to the female fitness instructors training course in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The screening process aims to identify those that are most suitable from a large pool of candidates, in order to ensure the highest possible level of candidates and the lowest possible drop-out rate from the training course and subsequent army service. The paper examines the reliability of the classification exam currently administered in the course and its validity in predicting those candidates who will succeed in the course and in their assignments afterwards. The sample is based on a data analysis of nine screening dates over three years (three each year). The evaluation of validity is based on the relationship between the course entrance exam grades (administered a year before enlistment), exam grades at the beginning of the course and additional data relating to success in the field.
Visualisation of contrast-filled stab wounds in various tissue types with computed tomography
Authors: Leth Peter Mygind , Stolborg Uffe
Published: February 2013

Background: Stab wounds are common in homicide cases. Post-mortem multislice computed tomography (PMCT) has proved to be
a useful tool in forensic examinations of victims of sharp force trauma, but due the limited resolution of soft tissues, the radiological
depiction of a stab channel is difficult. In this study, we have tried to obtain information about the shape of a knife blade by CT
scanning contrast-filled experimentally inflicted stab wounds in various types of pig tissue.

Methodology: The tissue samples were mounted on floral foam (oasis) with wooden sticks. Two contrast media were used: one was
unmodified and easy flowing, and one was made more viscous with polyethylene glycol. Stab channels in ballistic soap were used for
comparison. India ink-filled stab channels were investigated histologically to determine the pattern of leakage.

Principal findings: We found that the shape of the stab wounds on the CT images from lung and muscle tissue did not correspond
well to the shape of the inflicting knife. There was a better correspondence in the images obtained from liver, spleen and kidney.
The viscous contrast medium was less likely than the thin (easy flowing) contrast medium to spill into to structures outside the stab
channel, but some spillage was observed for both types of contrast medium. Air bubbles were only observed in the viscous contrast
medium.

Conclusion: Radiological evaluation of a contrast-filled stab wound in isolated tissue blocks did not permit the positive identification
of the inflicting weapon, but it was, in tissue blocks from liver, spleen and kidney, possible to obtain a rough idea of the shape of the
inflicting knife and to differentiate a knife from a screwdriver.
Embedded Inversion Worldwide
Authors: Kolbe Daniela , Sand Andrea
Published: February 2013

The inversion of (auxiliary) verb and subject in subordinate interrogative clauses (embedded inversion, or EI) is a feature that occurs in many non-standard varieties of English, especially in varieties that have developed in language contact situations, such as Irish English, East African English or Indian English. Various sources of origin have been proposed in previous research, among them substrate influence or transfer errors of learners in language contact situation. This paper introduces the phenomenon in question and provides an overview of previous research. Drawing on data of the International Corpus of English (ICE), it then presents the results of probabilistic statistic analyses (logistic regression) in order to identify which external and internal factors are strongest in elciting the inverted word order.
Irish English Habitual Do Be Revisited
Authors: Ronan Patricia
Published: February 2013

This article examines the category of present habitual in Irish English, Irish and Scots Gaelic. The latter two are frequently claimed to have had an influence on the development of the tense and aspect systems of their respective contact varieties of English. It is argued that Scots Gaelic, in contrast to Irish Gaelic, has no separately marked habitual present system, and therefore there may have been less pressure to introduce distinct habitual-present aspect into Scottish English, an assessment which is in line with research in contact linguistics.
Empire, State, And Nation: Marlowe, Shakespeare, and Peele
Authors: Hattaway Michael
Published: February 2013

The paper focuses on passages that, within a context of national identity, enable us to clarify notions of empire, state, and nation in these three writers. In the course of working in this area, I believe I have uncovered an important public debate on the topic between Marlowe and Peele.
Shakespow
Authors: Hoenselaars Ton
Published: February 2013

In my paper, I look at the reception of Shakespeare in wartime, under circumstances that challenge and foreground the notion of national borders and territories within Europe. By looking at several Shakespeare cults during the Great War, I seek to illustrate how notions of the nation and of Europe are variable, and with it the concept of “European Shakespeare.”
Gertrude Stein’s Autobiographical Poses: From Identity to Entity
Authors: Chiper Sorina
Published: February 2013

The dominant pattern in the Western hermeneutics has been to view autobiography as an occasion for the celebration of the individual. This article tackles the dialectics between identity and entity, between self and other, and between genius and “everybody” in two of Gertrude Stein’s autobiographies: The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas and Everybody’s Autobiography. Drawing on associations between autobiography and photography, I highlight the performativity of Stein’s autobiographical self, suggest posing as a metaphor for the autobiographical act, and discuss Gertrude Stein’s move from the question of identity to the question of genius as entity
Theatre in the Combat Zone: The Military Theatricals at Philadelphia, 1778
Authors: Worrall David
Published: February 2013

This paper will consider the connections between different types of theatre and theatricality under conditions of war in Philadelphia in 1778 during the British occupation. The ethical cleansing of the title refers to the Mischianza, the giant medieval tournament and naval regatta on the Delaware organized by the British on the eve of their departure in May 1778. Staged theatre, improvised by the personnel of both sides with army and navy soldiers performing texts from the regular British 18th-century dramatic repertoire, was also a feature common both to the winter encampment in Valley Forge and to the British in their conventional theatre in Philadelphia. The Mischianza was an extension of these types of theatricals. What I will be arguing is that a study of the connections between theatre, performance and theatricality allows us to model the disparate forces at work in a society experiencing the irreversible social and political changes of war. The kinds of theatrical modelling I am suggesting will attempt to describe a distributed, dialogic, set of performance inscriptions out of which Philadelphia emerged as an urban space in the post-colonial phase. In short, both the theatricals on both sides, the Mischianza included, were attempts at territorializing space, inscribing ownership, allegiance and cultural value through the repetition of performance. The most promising theoretical model for analyzing these complex cultural interactions arises from the synthesizing the work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in Manuel DeLanda in A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity.
TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION AND CRIMINALIZATION
Authors: Farmer Lindsay
Published: February 2013

The nature of jurisdiction and its relation to the criminal law is either poorly understood or neglected altogether. Jurisdiction is often viewed either as a purely technical matter – a procedural hurdle to be crossed before a court can hear a particular case – or as something linked pragmatically to the limits of enforcement of the law. This is particularly true in relation to territorial jurisdiction, where the idea of territory is treated as though it were natural and self-evident, without acknowledgement of the way that it is shaped by particular legal and political institutions. The present article has two aims. First it identifies and analyses the principal features of the paradigm of territorial jurisdiction as this has developed in English law, looking in particular at the way the idea of ‘territory’ has shaped and been shaped by the development of the criminal law. It then goes on to explore the relationship between jurisdiction and criminalization by showing how the development of the paradigm of territorial jurisdiction was linked, not only to the emergence and form of certain laws, but more generally to the idea of a criminal law as a body of norms applied consistently and seamlessly within a given legal space.
Structural Equations Model of Land Use Patterns, Location Choice, and Travel Behavior in Southern California
Authors: de Abreu e Silva João , Goulias Konstadinos G. , Dalal Pamela
Published: February 2013

This paper continues a series of papers that address the relationship between travel behavior and land use patterns under a structural equations modeling framework in different contexts for comparative purposes. The proposed model structure in this paper is, by design, heavily influenced by a model developed for Lisbon, Portugal; Seattle, Washington; and Montreal, Canada, in addition to a revisited model for Lisbon that used more recent data. In all previous models, significant effects of land use patterns on travel behavior were found. The variables included in this and past models are multidimensional and include short-term decisions (number of trips by mode and trip scheduling) and long-term decisions (home location, car ownership, and mobility). The modeled land use variables measure the levels of urban intensity, density, diversity, and accessibility. The land use patterns are described at the residence and employment zones. To account explicitly for the self-selection bias, the land use variables are modeled explicitly as functions of the socioeconomic attributes of individuals and their households. The findings from Los Angeles, California, and the surrounding metropolitan region are presented in this paper and then compared with those from Lisbon, Seattle, and Montreal. The results show that, similarly to the other cases, land use patterns influence travel behavior significantly. Other commonalities were also found in all four environments, as were some important differences.
Editorial
Authors: Chowdhury Saleha Begum
Published: February 2013

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v25i1.13722 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2010; Vol. 25(1) : 1-2
Use of Iron Sucrose Complex in Treatment of Anemia in Pregnancy
Authors: Akther Rabeya , Afroj Hasina
Published: February 2013

Objective: To demonstrate the value of iron sucrose complex in the treatment of anemia in  pregnancy.Methods: It is a prospective clinical study, of 35 consecutive pregnant women suffering from  anemia in pregnancy. The study was conducted over a period of twelve months. Hemoglobin  concentration was measured three times during pregnancy. All women consumed timed release iron from 17 weeks onward up to birth of the baby. If hemoglobin level is (8.5 - 9) gm/dl, parentral Iron sucrose complex 2 doses (400gm of iron) were given intravenously and hemoglobin  level was checked after 15 days.Results: There were 35 women who completed the treatment and data was available for  analysis. Their mean age was 27.5(range21-35) years. Fifty six percent were 2nd gravid. Twenty eight (28%) percent women in 1st half of pregnancy, 53% in 2nd trimester and 16% in 3rd trimester suffering from moderate anemia and treated with iron sucrose complex (ISC). The average Hemoglobin concentration before treatment was 8.47gm/dl and after treatment  was 9.67gm/dl. There was a statistically significant improvement in hemoglobin concentration. Three women developed side effects and did not get 2nd dose.Conclusion: Intravenous iron therapy is safe, convenient and effective in treatment of iron  deficiency anemia during pregnancy. The intravenous iron therapy can replace blood transfusion in antenatal period in many patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v25i1.13728 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2010; Vol. 25(1) : 20-23
Management of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy- An Update
Authors: Nahar K , Laila TR , Akhter N , Shamsunnahar PA , Khatun K , Chowdhury SB
Published: February 2013

Hypertensive disorder is the most common medical problem encountered in pregnancy with a high perinatal and maternal mortality & morbidity. According to the onset of hypertension in relation to pregnancy and its duration and the development of proteinuria & convulsion it is   categorized into several types. The prognosis depends on duration and severity of hypertension and multi-system involvement. Aim of management is to achieve a gradual and sustained lowering of BP to prevent maternal complications and to allow prolongation of pregnancy for fetal benefit. For management purpose, according to recent NICE clinical guideline gestational hypertension has been classified into mild, moderate and severe hypertension. Till now there is controversy regarding the use of antihypertensives in mild to moderate hypertension. Labetalol, hydralazine & methyldopa are used as first line drugs according to severity of hypertension. Magnesium sulphate is the anticonvulsant of choice and nimodipine is the newer alternative. Obstetric management in all the types of hypertensive disorders is almost same .Expectant management can be considered for women at <34 weeks gestation only in well equipped   centers capable of caring very pre-term babies. Antenatal corticosteroid is recommended for enhancing fetal lung maturity. There is a common consensus that the hypertensive patients should be delivered at e37 weeks as there is no benefit in continuing the pregnancy. For women with any type of hypertensive disorders, vaginal delivery should be considered unless cesarean section is required for the usual obstetric indication. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v25i1.13729 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2010; Vol. 25(1) : 24-32
Carcinosarcoma of Uterus  A highly Aggressive Tumour  A Case Report
Authors: Ferdous Jannatul , Begum Mosammat Rashida , Pervin Shahana , Moula Khoorshed Jahan , Sobhan Fauzia , Islam Farzana
Published: February 2013

Carcinosarcoma (CS) of uterus is a relatively rare tumour and accounts for less than 1 percent of malignant growth of the female genital tract. This tumour contains both malignant epithelial component and malignant stromal component. So, it is also known as malignant mixed mullerian tumours (MMMTS). Carcinosarcoma usually arise from endometrium and myometrium and rarely from cervix, ovary. The clinical presentation is mostly postmenopausal bleeding but enlarging pelvic mass, pelvic pain, vaginal discharge or polypoidal mass protruding through the cervical os are also frequently present. The risk factors include obesity, exogenous estrogen, nulliparity, exposure to radiation & temoxifen. Histological evaluation by endometrial biopsy will establish the diagnosis in most cases. Carcinosarcoma is aggressive type of tumour; extra-uterine spread is very common and generally carries a poor prognosis. The prognosis depends on the extent of the tumour at the time of primary surgery. This case report describes a rare type of presentation of the tumour which arose from the body & cervix of uterus and presented with a polypoidal mass prolapsed into the vagina. The case was properly diagnosed & managed by surgery and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v25i1.13730 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2010; Vol. 25(1) : 33-36
Pregnancy in Potts Disease: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Yusuf N , Ali MA , Ahmad Q , Rahman L , Nigar T
Published: February 2013

Spinal tuberculosis (Potts disease) during pregnancy reported to be rare & can be associated  with destruction of the intervertebral disc & adjacent vertebrae that can lead to cord compression  & thereby paraplegia or quadriplegia. Delay in diagnosis is common & most cases are diagnosed  when paraplegia has already been occurred. This serious complication requires special attention  during pregnancy & delivery. Here we reported a case of term pregnancy with Potts paraplegia.  As the patient had complete motor & sensory loss from D7 level, (above the level of umbilicus  to the lower limbs) LUCS was done without anesthesia & a healthy female baby was delivered.  She did not require any analgesia post operatively DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v25i1.13731 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2010; Vol. 25(1) : 37-40
Clinical Presentation and Management of Hydatidiform Mole in a Peripheral Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Khan Jaglul Haider , Ferdous Jannatul , Alam Samiya
Published: February 2013

This study was conducted in Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Faridpur, from January 2008  to December 2008 among fifty patients, diagnosed as a case of molar pregnancy. Incidenc of  molar pregnancy was 8.27 per thousand pregnancy. Sixty percent of the patients were multiparous  and eighty percent of low socio economic status . B positive blood group was prevalent (36%)  in this study.Sixty percent( 60%) of the patients presented with amenorrhoea and abnormal  vaginal bleeding.. Most of the patients (72%) were treated with suction evacuation and curettage.  Of them hemorrhage was the most common immediate complication (80%). Complication  like shock and perforation during evacuation was 14% and 4% respectively. Three patient  (6%) developed Persistent Gestational Trophoblastic Disease(GTD) and one (2%) patient  developed choriocarcinoma with lung metastasis and died. Thirty two (64%) patients attended  for regular follow up but ten patients (20%) had attended irregularly and eight patients (16%)  had dropped out .This study shows that follow up for molar pregnancy cases is not satisfactory  in a district medical college hospital.Further improvement can be done by increasing awareness  of the patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v25i2.13741 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2010; Vol. 25(2) : 59-64
A Lower Dose of Magnesium Sulphate for Control of Convulsion in Eclamptic Women of Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana N , Begum K , Begum A , Akhter U
Published: February 2013

Eclampsia, a life threatening complication of pregnancy. It is one of the important cause of  maternal mortality of Bangladesh. Eclamptic seizure can effectively controlled by use of  magnesium sulphate. A prospective randomized case control study was conducted at eclampsia ward of Dhaka Medical College Hospital for one year from June 2007 to May 2008.Objective: To find out whether only 8gm of magnesium sulphate heptahydrate (Nalepsin) as a  single loading dose is sufficient to control eclamptic convulsion and also to compare the efficacy between 8gm & 10gm of MgSo4 used to control convulsion.Methodology: A random selection was done by lottery of those antepartum and intrapartum  cases who fulfill the selection criteria. Hundred patient were selected and grouped them into  case & control. 8gm Nalepsion (Magnesium sulphate heptahydrate) as a single I.V dose was  selected for case and 10gm MgSo4 (4gm I.V + 3gm I.M in each buttock) was for control  group. Different variables were compaired and results were analyzed by unpaired t test and chi-square test (X2) by SPSS programme. Result: Statistically there was no significant difference of any finding between two groups after comparing all variables individually.Conclusion: 8gm Nalepsin intravenously as a single loading dose is sufficient to control  eclamptic convulsion and prevention of its recurrence.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v25i2.13743 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2010; Vol. 25(2) : 71-76
Successful Outcome of Pregnancy with Large Fibroid Uterus- A Case Report
Authors: Akhtar Nahreen , Sultana Sayeeda , Zabin Fahmida
Published: February 2013

Background: Fibroid is the most common of all pelvic tumours, being present in 20 percent of  women in the reproductive age group and increases with age.Obstetric cesarean hysterectomy  is mostly done for indications deemed to be serious and life threatening to the patient and not  amenable to conservative management.Case: A 27 years old lady was admitted in BSMMU with 3rd gravida 35 wks pregnancy with  less fetal movement with fibroid uterus. Fibroid was diagnosed at her 21 weeks pregnancy by  ultrasonogram. Caesarean section was done at 35+ weeks of pregnancy because of nonreactive  CTG. After delivery of the baby and placenta, severe bleeding started. Caesarean hysterectomy  was done. The mother and baby were healthy at the time of discharge.Conclusion: Very few patients needed cesarean hysterectomy in case of fibroids in pregnancy. However there is no question that cesarean hysterectomy save lives especially in case of  bleeding that cannot be controlled by simpler measures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v25i2.13746 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2010; Vol. 25(2) : 87-89
Ten Reasons to Take Peak Oil Seriously
Authors: Brecha Robert
Published: February 2013

Forty years ago, the results of modeling, as presented in The Limits to Growth, reinvigorated a discussion about exponentially growing consumption of natural resources, ranging from metals to fossil fuels to atmospheric capacity, and how such consumption could not continue far into the future. Fifteen years earlier, M. King Hubbert had made the projection that petroleum production in the continental United States would likely reach a maximum around 1970, followed by a world production maximum a few decades later. The debate about “peak oil”, as it has come to be called, is accompanied by some of the same vociferous denials, myths and ideological polemicizing that have surrounded later representations of The Limits to Growth. In this review, we present several lines of evidence as to why arguments for a near-term peak in world conventional oil production should be taken seriously—both in the sense that there is strong evidence for peak oil and in the sense that being societally unprepared for declining oil production will have serious consequences.
Oxidative Stress and HPV Carcinogenesis
Authors: De Marco Federico
Published: February 2013

Extensive experimental work has conclusively demonstrated that infection with certain types of human papillomaviruses, the so-called high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), represent a most powerful human carcinogen. However, neoplastic growth is a rare and inappropriate outcome in the natural history of HPV, and a number of other events have to concur in order to induce the viral infection into the (very rare) neoplastic transformation. From this perspective, a number of putative viral, host, and environmental co-factors have been proposed as potential candidates. Among them oxidative stress (OS) is an interesting candidate, yet comparatively underexplored. OS is a constant threat to aerobic organisms being generated during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, as well as during inflammation, infections, ionizing irradiation, UV exposure, mechanical and chemical stresses. Epithelial tissues, the elective target for HPV infection, are heavily exposed to all named sources of OS. Two different types of cooperative mechanisms are presumed to occur between OS and HPV: I) The OS genotoxic activity and the HPV-induced genomic instability concur independently to the generation of the molecular damage necessary for the emergence of neoplastic clones. This first mode is merely a particular form of co-carcinogenesis; and II) OS specifically interacts with one or more molecular stages of neoplastic initiation and/or progression induced by the HPV infection. This manuscript was designed to summarize available data on this latter hypothesis. Experimental data and indirect evidences on promoting the activity of OS in viral infection and viral integration will be reviewed. The anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenetic role of NO (nitric oxide) and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) will be discussed together with the OS/HPV cooperation in inducing cancer metabolism adaptation. Unexplored/underexplored aspects of the OS interplay with the HPV-driven carcinogenesis will be highlighted. The aim of this paper is to stimulate new areas of study and innovative approaches.
Nanoparticles of novel organotin(IV) complexes bearing phosphoric triamide ligands
Authors: Shariatinia Zahra , Asadi Ebadullah , Tavasolinasab Vahid , Gholivand Khodayar
Published: February 2013

Four novel organotin(IV) complexes containing phosphoric triamide ligands were synthesized and characterized by multinuclear (1H, 31P, 13C) NMR, infrared, ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis. The 1H NMR spectra of complexes 1–4 proved that the Sn atoms adopt octahedral configurations. The nanoparticles of the complexes were also prepared by ultrasonication, and their SEM micrographs indicated identical spherical morphologies with particles sizes about 20–25 nm. The fluorescence spectra exhibited blue shifts for the maximum wavelength of emission upon complexation.
Capturing Intergenerativity: The Use of Student Reflective Journals to Identify Learning Within an Undergraduate Course in Gerontological Nursing
Authors: Davies Susan M. , Reitmaier Amy B. , Smith Linda Reveling , Mangan-Danckwart Deborah
Published: February 2013

The benefits of intergenerational contact between older and young adults have been demonstrated; yet, nursing programs have underexplored the potential of such relationships for enhancing student learning. This article presents an analysis of student reflective journals as part of an evaluation of an undergraduate gerontological nursing course. The course aims to create positive learning experiences by involving older adults as partners in student learning. Older adults are recruited to receive visits from a designated student to share aspects of their life and experiences. Students write reflective journals based on these visits as a method of evaluating their learning. A framework analysis of 80 journals completed by 59 students identified four major themes representing the impact of these visits on student learning: becoming aware, making connections, seeing the unique person, and valuing intergenerational relationships. The analysis suggests the relevance of the concept of intergenerativity in illuminating shared benefits of the practicum experience.
A Systematic Review of Strategies to Address the Clinical Nursing Faculty Shortage
Authors: Wyte-Lake Tamar , Tran Kim , Bowman Candice C. , Needleman Jack , Dobalian Aram
Published: February 2013

This systematic review provides a comprehensive assessment of models used to expand the ranks of clinical nursing faculty. Nursing faculty shortages constrict the pipeline for educating nurses and make addressing the projected nursing shortage more difficult. Schools of nursing have denied admission to qualified applicants, citing insufficient numbers of nursing faculty as one major reason. Using key search terms in PubMed
®
and CINAHL
®
, we identified 14 peer-reviewed articles published between 1980 and 2010 about models for expanding clinical faculty. Partnership models (
n
= 11) and expanded use of faculty resources (
n
= 9) were the most common strategies. Few (
n
= 8) studies assessed program efficacy. A need was identified for studies to assess the effect of alternative models on educational capacity and student performance and to examine the subcomponents of academic–practice partnerships and other innovative approaches to understand the essential factors necessary to implement successful programs. [
J Nurs Educ.
2013;52(5):245–252.]
Bilateral Multifocal Choroidal Melanosis: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Velazquez-Martin Juan P. , Krema Hatem , Gottlieb Chloe C. , Simpson E. Rand , Pavlin Charles J.
Published: February 2013

Flat choroidal pigmented lesions have few differential diagnoses but encompass a wide range of clinical presentations. The authors report two cases of bilateral multifocal choroidal hyper-pigmented patches discovered in asymptomatic patients. Fluorescein angiography showed a normal pattern without blockage in the hyperpigmented areas with an otherwise normal choroidal vascular architecture. Optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging demonstrated normal choroidal thickness and structure in the hyperpigmented areas. These cases may represent an atypical presentation of previously described bilateral isolated choroidal melanocytosis or a different clinical entity. Histopathological evidence and longer follow-up of these patients and patients with isolated choroidal melanocytosis may elucidate the best descriptive term for this unusual condition.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:193–195]
Discursos subversivos en el cine no hablado
Authors: Rodríguez Fernández M.ª del Carmen
Published: February 2013

“Discursos subversivos en el cine no hablado” se propone analizar las transgresiones de género que aparecen en algunas películas del cine mudo. Por sus características al tratarse de un cine no hablado, lo que sugieren algunas imágenes es fundamental para entender los significados de las películas. Las directoras de aquella época eran conocedoras de la importancia de las imágenes y del poder que les confería la cámara para expresar sus reivindicaciones al público espectador. El campo de la cinematografía era nuevo, pero tenía género y las directoras sabían que sus películas eran el vehículo para dar a conocer su articulación como feministas. Le matelas alcoolique, La souriante Mme. Beudet y Dora Films of America Shorts son ejemplos de este privilegio puesto que, aunque las películas de esta muestra pertenezcan a dos etapas del cine mudo y de que sus propósitos fueran diferentes, las directoras y las películas seleccionadas son ejemplos merecedores de una revisión con perspectiva de género.
El cine musical de Roberta Torre: un retrato postmoderno de la Sicilia de finales del siglo XX
Authors: Viñuela Eduardo
Published: February 2013

A finales del siglo XX el cine musical renovó su lenguaje, dando lugar a nuevas narrativas en las que la intertextualidad y la parodia permitían nuevas significaciones y múltiples lecturas. Roberta Torre se erige en una figura representativa del cine musical contemporáneo en Italia, y en sus películas Tano da morire (1997) y Sud side story (2000) nos presenta el retrato de una Sicilia en proceso de cambio y negociación entre tradición y modernidad. La alusión a los tópicos y a los estereotipos que configuran el imaginario de la Italia meridional (mafia, inmigración, religión, música popular, etc.) dentro de una narrativa postmoderna ofrece una visión diferente que desmonta los clichés tradicionalmente asociados con Sicilia.
Cine postcolonial y de género. La diáspora afro-caribeña en el Reino Unido
Authors: Durán Almarza Emilia María
Published: February 2013

El presente artículo trata de ofrecer una re-evaluación crítica del cine dirigido por mujeres de ascendencia caribeña en el Reino Unido. Si bien la presencia de directoras afro-caribeñas en la tradición británica es limitada, dada la posición marginal que ocupan como resultado de la combinación de variables como raza, etnicidad, género, y/o clase social, no se puede desestimar el alcance de su aportación a las tradiciones fílmicas femenina, británica y afro-diaspórica. Aplicando un enfoque comparativo y transcultural a The Passion of Remembrance, codirigida por Maurine Blackwood e Isaac Julien, y Dreaming Rivers, dirigida por Martine Atille, ambas pertenecientes al colectivo Sankofa, este estudio pone de manifiesto las múltiples formas en que sus obras contribuyeron tanto al desarrollo epistemológico del movimiento de las artes británicas negras (“British Black Arts Movement”) en las décadas de los años 80 y 90, como al establecimiento de lo que se ha venido a llamar el cine postcolonial británico.
El cine como reivindicación de la memoria individual y colectiva. Directoras húngaras del periodo comunista
Authors: Cruzado Rodríguez Ángeles
Published: February 2013

El artículo realiza un acercamiento a las directoras de cine más relevantes de la etapa comunista en Hungría, destacando sus características comunes así como las especificidades de cada una, en un intento por poner en valor su contribución a la historia del cine de su país. Por lo general, se trata de mujeres transgresoras, que han roto las convenciones establecidas por el régimen y han tratado de ofrecer una nueva visión de la historia, partiendo de su propia experiencia.
“Delicias holandesas” dirigidas por mujeres: cine contra estereotipos
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Carolina
Published: February 2013

Este artículo ofrece una breve historia del trabajo realizado por las directoras de cine de los Países Bajos desde los años veinte del pasado siglo hasta la actualidad con el fin de lograr dos objetivos. En primer lugar, se trata de probar que, pese a la escasa presencia de directoras holandesas en las historias sobre cine holandés, su número es muy elevado, especialmente si consideramos que la industria cinematográfica de su país es relativamente pequeña. En segundo lugar, se busca demostrar que muchos de los mitos que se han asumido como ciertos sobre el cine holandés, como su incapacidad para hacer ficción o para abordar problemas socio-políticos importantes, se desmontan una vez que se tiene en consideración el trabajo de las cineastas holandesas. Su labor es ciertamente cuantitativamente superior en el terreno del cine documental, pero no por ello han dejado a un lado el largometraje de ficción. En ambos campos, de todos modos, han explorado temas complejos, controvertidos y relevantes para la sociedad, además de abrir numerosas vías temáticas a las que el cine hecho por directores no había prestado atención alguna. Entre los primeros temas destacan los asuntos relacionados con las nuevas identidades nacionales surgidas de los contextos multiculturales; entre los segundos, cuestiones tradicionalmente abordadas desde el feminismo, como son el aborto, la violación o el sometimiento de las mujeres en el seno de las sociedades patriarcales, entre otros.
The Requirement of Linker for Activation of T Cells in the Primary and Memory Responses of CD8 T Cells
Authors: Ou-Yang Chih-wen , Zhu Minghua , Sullivan Sarah A. , Fuller Deirdre M. , Zhang Weiguo
Published: February 2013

Linker for activation of T cells (LAT) is a transmembrane adaptor protein that links TCR engagement to downstream signaling events. Although it is clear that LAT is essential in thymocyte development and initiation of T cell activation, its function during T cell expansion, contraction, and memory formation remains unknown. To study the role of TCR-mediated signaling in CD8 T cells during the course of pathogen infection, we used an inducible mouse model to delete LAT in Ag-specific CD8 T cells at different stages of Listeria infection and analyzed the effect of deletion on T cell responses. Our data showed that LAT is important for maintaining CD8 T cell expansion during the priming phase; however, it is not required for CD8 T cell contraction and memory maintenance. Moreover, LAT deficiency accelerates memory differentiation during the effector-to-memory transition, leading to a higher frequency of KLRG1lowIL-7RhighCD62Lhigh memory T cells. Nonetheless, these LAT-deficient memory T cells were unable to proliferate or produce cytokines upon secondary infection. Our data demonstrated that, although TCR-mediated signaling is dispensable for contraction and memory maintenance, it regulates CD8 T cell memory differentiation and is essential for the memory response against pathogens.
Knowing, believing, living in Africa: A practical theology perspective of the past, present and future
Authors: Dames Gordon E.
Published: February 2013

The new democratic era in South Africa brought Western cultural influences forcefully into public and private living domains. This dichotomy deformed African cultures in many ways (Bujo & Muya). Local communities were previously ‘public people’ living and worshipping in transformative hermeneutical communities. This scenario has changed and local communities are steadily being driven into private spaces. The task of practical theology is to question what the undergirding epistemology and beliefs for this shift are and to reinterpret it in the light of the gospel. The impact of Western culture on African traditional villages is telling in so far as traditional African values and practices are being lost at the expense of Western ideology, technology, media, et cetera (Bujo & Muya). We argue that the former dominant monodisciplinary approach of practical theology contributed to a growing private individualist worldview. Practical theology has since developed into an interdisciplinary approach. This newfound reciprocity in the social sciences led to constructive change in church and society (Dingemans). Practical theology in Africa has to deal with an individualised, pluralistic world and tendencies of discontinuity, uncertainty, violence and destruction. In South Africa, practical theology is called upon to redress the dichotomies and defaults of Western and African cultures, respectively.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of HIV-positive patients regarding disclosure of HIV results at Betesda Clinic in Namibia
Authors: Tom Penelope
Published: February 2013

Background: This study examined the practices, knowledge, attitudes, and the reasons for disclosure and non-disclosure of HIV-positive patients with regard to the disclosure of HIV results at Betesda Clinic in Windhoek, Namibia.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HIV-positive patients regarding the disclosure of HIV status at Betesda Clinic in Namibia, and to determine the reasons for disclosure and non-disclosure.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study and 263 HIV-positive patients were enrolled in the study.Results: Analyses revealed that knowledge on disclosure was good, with 68% who thought it was important. The majority (73%) have disclosed and 60% disclosed within 1 week of receiving their results. The most common reasons for disclosure were that 32% needed help, 25% wanted his or her partner to go for testing, and 20% wanted to let relatives know. Reasons for non-disclosure were mainly the fear of gossip (79%). Seventy-three per cent had disclosed to their partners, and 23% had disclosed to more than one person. People’s reactions were supportive in 43%, whereas 29% understood, 9% accepted and 6% were angry. Upon disclosure 40% received help, 24% of partners were tested, 23% received psychological support and 5% were stigmatised. Disclosure was higher amongst the married and cohabitating.Conclusion: The attitude was positive with regard to knowledge of disclosure, with most participants thinking that disclosure was important and good. The attitudes and actual practices of disclosure were encouraging; however, people are disclosing only to trusted individuals in the society and the fear of stigma is still present although the actual stigma was very low.
¡Hazlo Bien! A Participatory Needs Assessment and Recommendations for Health Promotion in Growing Latino Communities
Authors: Valenzuela Jessica M. , McDowell Tiffany , Cencula Lindsey , Hoyt Lupe , Mitchell Monica J.
Published: February 2013

Purpose.

To investigate the health needs of a rapidly growing Latino community and understand priorities for developing culturally sensitive health promotion strategies.

Approach.

A participatory research approach was selected to understand health challenges and opportunities for health engagement in the community.

Setting.

Norwood, Ohio, a small community in southwest Ohio.

Participants.

Latino adults living, working, or accessing services in Norwood.

Method.

Trained community researchers collected survey data from 198 participants at multiple community “points of contact” and door-to-door in more isolated neighborhoods. Survey data were aggregated using descriptive statistics. Two focus groups were conducted with 25 community members, transcribed, and analyzed using principles of thematic analysis. Participants' health concerns, health behaviors, and access to/experiences with health care were assessed.

Results.

Findings indicated significant health concerns, including overweight (43.2%) and obesity (28.6%), mental health challenges (anxiety 15.7%; depression 15.0%), and oral health concerns (23.0%). In addition, community members described barriers to accessing health care and strategies for preventing health problems and promoting positive health. Participants also discussed perceived discrimination and the need to address isolation within their community.

Conclusion.

Methods and findings from the ¡Hazlo Bien! participatory needs assessment are likely to be useful to those designing health promotion programs in quickly growing Latino communities where there are limited health services and few existing social support networks.
Maintaining Physical Activity over Time: The Importance of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction in Developing the Physically Active Self
Authors: Springer Judy B. , Lamborn Susie D. , Pollard Diane M.
Published: February 2013

Purpose.

Drawing from self-determination theory, this study investigated adults' perceptions of the process of long-term maintenance of physical activity and how it may relate to their self-identity.

Design.

Qualitative study included 22 in-depth interviews and participants' recorded personal reflective journals.

Setting.

Health/fitness facility in a Midwestern city.

Participants.

Purposeful sample of 12 adult (age range 29–73 years) members who had engaged in regular physical activity for at least 3 years.

Methods.

Data were collected on participants' perceptions of processes associated with physical activity maintenance. Grounded theory data analysis techniques were used to develop an understanding of participants' long-term physical activity adherence.

Results.

Analysis revealed three themes organized around basic psychological need satisfaction: (1) Relatedness included receiving and giving support. (2) Competence included challenge and competition, managing weight, and strategies for health management. (3) Autonomy included confidence in the established routine, valuing fitness status, and feeling self-directed. The final theme of physically active self included the personal fit of an active lifestyle, identity as an active person, and attachment to physical activity as life enhancing.

Conclusion.

Our results suggest that long-term physical activity adherence may be strengthened by promotion of the individual's basic psychological need satisfaction. Adherence is most likely to occur when the value of participation becomes internalized over time as a component of the physically active self.
Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Initial Experience
Authors: Bhansali Anil , Bhattacharya Anish , Sood Ashwani , Singh Baljinder , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Agrawal Kanhaiyalal , Shukla Jaya
Published: February 2013

Introduction

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, majority of which express somatostatin (SST) receptors. Recently, with the widespread use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and development of novel PET tracers like Ga-68 DOTA peptide which specifically bind to somatostatin receptors (SSTR), Ga-68 DOTA peptide PET/CT is used in management of NET.

Objective

To study the various indications for which Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT scan was performed and the utility of the scans.

Materials and methods

Retrospective evaluation of the patients data was performed who underwent Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT as part of their diagnostic workup between June 2011 and July 2012. A total of 145 patients aged 1 to 71 years (mean: 37.4 years) were studied during this period.

Results

Ga-68 DOTATATE PET scan was positive in 23/39 patients referred for characterization or diagnosis, in 6/19 patients for localization, in 13/24 patients for detection of unknown NET primary, in 16/17 patients for staging, in 6/7 patients for recurrence assessment, 12/12 patients for response evaluation, 7/18 patients in restaging and in 5/5 differentiated thyroid cancer patients with thyroglobulin elevated but negative iodine scan.

Conclusion

Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT is a useful modality in characterization, localization, detection of unknown NET primary, staging, restaging, recurrence and response evaluation to treatment in patients with NET.

How to cite this article

Mittal BR, Agrawal K, Shukla J, Bhattacharya A, Singh B, Sood A, Bhansali A. Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Initial Experience. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(1):1-6.
An Increasing Role for 68Ga PET Imaging: A Perspective on the Availability of Parent 68Ge Material for Generator Manufacturing in an Expanding Market
Authors: Schultz Michael K , Donahue Patrick , Musgrave Nannette I , Zhernosekov Konstantin , Naidoo Clive , Razbash Anatolii , Tworovska Izabella , Dick David W , Watkins G Leonard , Graham Michael M , Runde Wolfgang , Clanton Jeffrey A , Sunderland John J
Published: February 2013

The use of gallium-68 for molecular imaging is gaining momentum world-wide. While our understanding of 68Ga chemistry, generators, and associated synthesis modules appear to have advanced to a clinically-reliable stage, uncertainty in the supply of radiopharmaceutically-suitable parent is of significant concern. In this work, we examine the current supply of 68Ge in an effort to better understand the potential for expansion of manufacturing to meet an increasing demand for 68Ga. Although specific information on sales and demand of 68Ge is highly business sensitive and thus guarded, our examination finds no shortage in the current supply of 68Ge. On the other hand, increases in the use of 68Ge generators for clinical applications in the United States point to the need for continued support for production at DOE laboratories in the United States to ensure a reliable supply and suggests that new commercial facilities may be needed to meet the increasing demand.

How to cite this article

Schultz MK, Donahue P, Musgrave NI, Zhernosekov K, Naidoo C, Razbash A, Tworovska I, Dick DW, Watkins GL, Graham MM, Runde W, Clanton JA, Sunderland JJ. An Increasing Role for 68Ga PET Imaging: A Perspective on the Availability of Parent 68Ge Material for Generator Manufacturing in an Expanding Market. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(1):26-30.