bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of antibiotic fermentation‐based pharmaceutical wastewater using anaerobic and aerobic moving bed biofilm reactors combined with ozone/hydrogen peroxide process
Authors: Xing Zi‐Peng , Sun De‐Zhi , Yu Xiu‐Juan , Zou Jin‐Long , Zhou Wei
Published: April 2013

A continuously operated laboratory scale anaerobic and aerobic moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) combined with O3/H2O2 process was experimented for antibiotic fermentation‐based pharmaceutical wastewater. The experimental results indicated that 26.6% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed, and 931.75 mg/L of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was produced under the optimum conditions of the anaerobic MBBR at an influent pH of 6.5, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 hr and organic loading rate (OLR) of 13 kg COD/(m3·d) for the hydrolysis/acidification process. In addition, 91.0% of COD was removed at 1.5 m3/h of aeration rate with the aerobic MBBR. The shape of bacteria inside the bio‐carriers was characterized by a scanning electron microscope. The anaerobic MBBR bacteria were observed as long bacilli, and the aerobic MBBR bacteria were observed as mainly cocci and short bacilli. Finally, the residual non‐biodegraded pollutants were mineralized by O3/H2O2 oxidation with 0.5 of H2O2/O3 molar ratio and 15 min of reaction time. The total removal efficiencies of COD and color reached 99.2 and 98.7%, respectively. Thus, this method might offer an effective way to treat wastewater from the pharmaceutical industry. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 170–177, 2014
A well‐balanced stable generalized Riemann problem scheme for shallow water equations using adaptive moving unstructured triangular meshes
Authors: Zhou Feng , Chen Guoxian , Noelle Sebastian , Guo Huaicheng
Published: April 2013

We propose a well‐balanced stable generalized Riemann problem (GRP) scheme for the shallow water equations with irregular bottom topography based on moving, adaptive, unstructured, triangular meshes. In order to stabilize the computations near equilibria, we use the Rankine–Hugoniot condition to remove a singularity from the GRP solver. Moreover, we develop a remapping onto the new mesh (after grid movement) based on equilibrium variables. This, together with the already established techniques, guarantees the well‐balancing. Numerical tests show the accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the GRP moving mesh method: lake at rest solutions are preserved even when the underlying mesh is moving (e.g., mesh points are moved to regions of steep gradients), and various comparisons with fixed coarse and fine meshes demonstrate high resolution at relatively low cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indien suchen, Amerika entdecken
Authors: Finetti Marco
Published: April 2013

Feierlich‐harmonisch, geistreich‐heiter: In Berlin verlieh die DFG den wichtigsten Forschungsförderpreis in Deutschland an elf Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler.
Recent trends in the management of minor salivary gland carcinoma
Authors: Poorten Vincent Vander , Hunt Jennifer , Bradley Patrick J. , Haigentz Missak , Rinaldo Alessandra , Mendenhall William M. , Suarez Carlos , Silver Carl , Takes Robert P. , Ferlito Alfio
Published: April 2013

The current management of minor salivary gland cancer is reviewed. These malignancies often present as a submucosal swelling and have been reported at all anatomic subsites of the head and neck. Modern imaging is essential in evaluating the location and the anatomic extent of disease. An incisional or punch biopsy determines the histologic type and grade. Recent advances in molecular biology have yielded diagnostic and potential therapeutic targets that may change our treatment in the future. Complete resection is the treatment of choice. Unfortunately, given the proximity of essential structures, the need to balance functional and cosmetic with oncologic consequences can interfere with an adequate “clear margin.” The neck should be treated when there is evidence of regional metastasis or when subclinical metastatic risk exceeds 15%. Surgery alone cures most low‐stage, low‐grade tumors, all other stages and grades require postoperative radiotherapy. Systemic treatment for locoregional and distant failure remains disappointing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 444–455, 2014
Nutritional status, food intake, and dysphagia in long‐term survivors with head and neck cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: van den Berg Manon G. A. , Rütten Heidi , Rasmussen‐Conrad Ellen L. , Knuijt Simone , Takes Robert P. , van Herpen Carla M. L. , Wanten Geert J. A. , Kaanders Johannes H. A. M. , Merkx Matthias A. W.
Published: April 2013

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional status, food intake, and dysphagia in long‐term head and neck cancer survivors.

Methods

Thirty‐two patients with stage III–IV head and neck cancer treated by chemoradiotherapy were invited to evaluate nutritional status (malnutrition, relative weight loss), food intake (food modification; quality), and dysphagia.

Results

At a median follow up of 44 months, 6 of 32 patients were at risk for malnutrition. Women (p = .049) and patients with high body mass index before treatment (p = .024) showed more weight loss. None of the 32 patients could eat a “full diet.” Six patients used nutritional supplements/tube feeding. Low dysphagia‐related quality of life scores were significantly correlated to increased food modification (r = 0.405; p = .024).

Conclusions

Nutritional advice in patients with head and neck cancer is still necessary years after chemoradiation and should focus on nutritional status, food modification, and quality, in accord with recommended food groups. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 60–65, 2014
Longitudinal study on the correlations of thyroid antibody and thyroid hormone levels after radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with radiation‐induced hypothyroidism
Authors: Lin Zhixiong , Chen Linxing , Fang Yusen , Cai Aiqun , Zhang Tuodan , Wu Vincent W. C.
Published: April 2013

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlations of thyroid antibody and thyroid hormone in postradiotherapy (post‐RT) patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

Serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroperoxidase antibody (anti‐TPO), and thyroglobulin antibody (anti‐TG) levels of 55 patients with NPC were taken before RT and at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after RT. Patients with hypothyroidism at 18 months after RT and those with normal thyroid function were categorized into the hypo and normal groups, respectively. The thyroid antibody levels were compared between the 2 groups, and the correlations of thyroid antibody and thyroid hormone were evaluated for the hypo group.

Results

The anti‐TPO and anti‐TG of the hypo group were higher than the normal group. In the hypo group, there was a positive correlation (r = 0.51) between TSH and anti‐TG and a negative correlation between fT4 and anti‐TPO (r = −0.55).

Conclusion

There were correlations of the thyroid antibody and thyroid hormone levels in patients with radiation‐induced hypothyroidism. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 171–175, 2014
Clinical Behaviors for Addressing Religious/Spiritual Issues: Do We Practice What We Preach?
Authors: Cashwell Craig S. , Young J. Scott , Fulton Cheryl L. , Willis Ben T. , Giordano Amanda , Daniel Laura Wyatt , Crockett Jamie , Tate B. Nicole , Welch Metoka L.
Published: April 2013

To determine if counselors integrate clinical behaviors for addressing religious/spiritual issues in counseling consistent with their ratings of the importance of such behaviors, the authors conducted a national survey of American Counseling Association (ACA) members. Seventy‐eight ACA members rated the importance of and frequency with which they engaged in a set of 30 clinical behaviors that were identified in the existing literature as addressing religious/spiritual issues within counseling. Results indicated possible disparities between importance and frequency ratings. Potential barriers to counselors' utilization of religious and spiritually directed clinical behaviors were identified.
Shame in Sexual Minorities: Stigma, Internal Cognitions, and Counseling Considerations
Authors: Johnson Veronica R. F. , Yarhouse Mark A.
Published: April 2013

Theorists, clinicians, and researchers have suggested that shame is a central concern in the lives of sexual minority individuals. Cognitive theorists believe that shame occurs when a person fails to achieve his or her standards, which are often based on social, cultural, and spiritual values. Although it is asserted that stigma causes shame among members of a sexual minority, the empirical evidence suggests that negative internal cognitions are partly responsible. By targeting negative beliefs, counselors can help sexual minorities reduce their sense of shame, particularly around issues related to sexual identity. The authors offer counseling strategies for reducing shame in sexual minority clients.
Preferential expansion of umbilical cord blood‐derived CD34‐positive cells on human leukemia inhibitory factor transgenic feeder cells cultured on regenerated silk fibroin film
Authors: Yu Xin , Miao Jingcheng , Xia Wei , Gu Zong‐jiang
Published: April 2013

In vitro expansion of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a very promising approach for different clinical applications. We have recently developed a new culture system that facilitates in vitro expansion of transplantable cord blood HSCs. In our study, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus Ad‐GFP/human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) expressing hLIF. The hLIF gene was delivered into human embryo lung fibroblast cell line WI‐38 via infection with Ad‐GFP/hLIF. Then, the transgenic cells were cultured on regenerated silk fibroin (SF) films as feeder layer cells for expansion of cord blood CD34+ cells. Our results showed that the hLIF transgenic WI‐38 cells cultured on SF could express hematopoiesis‐related cytokines at higher levels compared with control groups. The hLIF‐expressing feeder layer cells cultured on SF in combination with cytokines more efficiently expanded CD34+ cells and CD34+CD38− cells. The percentages of adhesion molecules on the expanded CD34+ cells in transgenic feeder layer cells cultured on SF were higher than those of control groups. Interestingly, the migration rate assessed by transwell assay was also significantly higher than those of control groups, which suggests that transgenic feeder layer cells cultured on SF has powerful ability to maintain the homing capacity of expanded CD34+ cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
Dynamic competitive adsorption of bone‐related proteins on calcium phosphate ceramic particles with different phase composition and microstructure
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Huijie , Zhu Xiangdong , Fan Hongsong , Fan Yujiang , Zhang Xingdong
Published: April 2013

The biocompatibility and bioactivity of biomaterials used for hard tissue repair are closely related to their adsorption capacities for bone‐related proteins. In the present study, three types of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic particles with different phase composition or microstructure were fabricated, and their protein adsorption abilities were investigated by a self‐made device under the simulated dynamic physiological circumstance. The results of X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, mercury penetration test, and nitrogen sorption test showed that the irregular hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic particles obtained by conventional drying and sintering (named as HA‐C) had fewer micropores and lower specific surface area (SSA) than did the spherical HA or biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic particles made by spray drying and sintering (named as HA‐S and BCP‐S, respectively). The dynamic protein adsorption study proved that both the phase composition and microstructure of CaP ceramic particles affected their adsorption capacities for those bone‐related proteins. The spherical HA‐S and BCP‐S particles with abundant micropores and high SSA showed higher adsorption of serum proteins, including fibronectin and vitronectin, than the irregular HA‐C did. On the other hand, in spite of the relatively high concentration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the binary bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2)/BSA solution, BMP‐2 adsorption on the three CaP ceramic particles increased with the increase in its initial concentration. Similarly, HA‐S and BCP‐S particles had a larger amount of the adsorbed BMP‐2 per gram solid than HA‐C did. Therefore, it could be believed that the difference of various CaP ceramics in the phase composition and microporous structure would affect their binding capacity for those bone‐related proteins and thus lead to their difference in osteoinduction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
Program Fullerene: A software package for constructing and analyzing structures of regular fullerenes
Authors: Schwerdtfeger Peter , Wirz Lukas , Avery James
Published: April 2013

Fullerene(Version 4.4) is a general purpose open‐source program that can generate any fullerene isomer, perform topological and graph theoretical analysis, as well as calculate a number of physical and chemical properties. The program creates symmetric planar drawings of the fullerene graph and generates accurate molecular 3D geometries by way of force‐field optimization, serving as a good starting point for further quantum theoretical treatments. It includes a number of fullerene‐to‐fullerene transformations, such as Goldberg–Coxeter transforms, Stone–Wales transforms, Endo–Kroto, Yoshida–Fowler, and Brinkmann–Fowler vertex insertions. The program is written in standard Fortran and C++ and can easily be installed in a Linux or UNIX environment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of ab initio methods for the interpretation of the experimental IR reflectance spectra of crystalline compounds
Authors: De La Pierre Marco , Carteret Cédric , Orlando Roberto , Dovesi Roberto
Published: April 2013

It is shown that ab initio simulation can be used as a powerful complementary tool in the interpretation of the experimental reflectance spectra R(ν) of crystalline compounds. Experimental frequencies and intensities are obtained from a best fit of R(ν) with a set of damped harmonic oscillators, whose number and initial position in frequency can dramatically influence the final results, as the parameters are strongly correlated. Computed ab initio values for frequencies and intensities are accurate enough to represent an excellent starting point for the best fit process. Moreover, at variance with respect to experiment, simulation permits to identify all the symmetry allowed modes, also when characterized by low intensity or when close to a very intense peak. Overall, simulation‐aided analysis of experimental spectra prevents from classifying combination modes as fundamental modes and permits to discard artifacts due to superposition of bands, background, and noise. Finally, it allows to (almost) completely characterize the set of fundamental modes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Finding optimal finite field strengths allowing for a maximum of precision in the calculation of polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed A. K. , Limacher Peter A. , Champagne Benoît
Published: April 2013

The finite field method, widely used for the calculation of static dipole polarizabilities or the first and second hyperpolarizabilities of molecules and polymers, is thoroughly explored. The application of different field strengths and the impact on the precision of the calculations were investigated. Borders could be defined and characterized, establishing a range of feasible field strengths that guarantee reliable numerical results. The quality of different types of meshes to screen the feasible region is assessed. Extrapolation schemes are presented that reduce the truncation error and allow to increase the precision of finite field calculations by one to three orders of magnitude. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Short and Elegant Synthesis of (±)‐Streptopyrrolidine
Authors: Shaameri Zurina , Ali Sharifah Hidayah Sharif , Mohamat Mohd Fazli , Yamin Bohari M. , Hamzah Ahmad Sazali
Published: April 2013

A brief and efficient approach for the synthesis of (±)‐5‐benzyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrrolidine (1) from phenylalanine racemate is described. The key step is the stereocontrolled reduction of the keto functionality of benzylated pyrrolidinone intermediate (6) via sodium borohydride in carboxylic acid medium furnishing both (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐configured diastereomers. The natural (R,R) enantiomer (2), however, crystallized out from its racemic mixture. Structure of 2 was confirmed by NMR, IR, elemental analyzer, and single crystal X‐ray crystallographic techniques.
Simultaneous determination of 11 related impurities in propofol by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry coupled with pulsed splitless injection technique
Authors: Peng Ming , Le Jian , Yang Yongjian
Published: April 2013

A variety of related impurities, including starting materials, process impurities, and degradation products, can be detected in propofol. In this article, a sensitive and selective GC‐MS/MS method using pulsed splitless injection technique for the determination of 11 main related impurities in propofol in one chromatogram is investigated. This method is extensively validated for its linearity, recovery, precision, LOD, and LOQ, and is able to detect trace‐level related impurities (LOD = 0.2–5.6 μg/g) in propofol bulk drug. Stressed tests proposed that oxidative degradation, photolytic degradation, and heat are the main causes for the formation of degradation products in propofol.
Strictly passive suppression of limit cycles in direct form digital filters with saturation nonlinearity: linear matrix inequality approach
Authors: Ahn Choon Ki
Published: April 2013

In this paper, we propose a new linear matrix inequality criterion for suppression of limit cycles in state–space direct form digital filters with saturation arithmetic and external interference via a passivity approach. The passive approach is employed to reduce the effect of external interference on the digital filter. The criterion guarantees not only asymptotic stability but also passivity from the external interference to the output vector. This criterion is in the form of linear matrix inequality; hence, it is computationally tractable. An example shows the effectiveness of the proposed criterion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuclear localization of the actin regulatory protein palladin in sertoli cells
Authors: Niedenberger Bryan A. , Chappell Vesna K. , Kaye Evelyn P. , Renegar Randall H. , Geyer Christopher B.
Published: April 2013

In the testis, F‐actin structures are involved in spermatid nuclear remodeling and cytoplasm reduction, maintenance of the blood–testis barrier, support of the spermatogonial stem cell niche, and release of spermatids into the tubular lumen. To gain a better understanding of actin regulation in Sertoli–germ cell interactions, we investigated the expression of the Palladin (Palld) gene, which encodes a widely expressed phosphoprotein that localizes to actin‐rich cytoplasmic structures, including focal adhesions, cell–cell junctions, podosomes, and stress fibers, and serves as a molecular scaffold to bundle actin fibers. In germ cells, PALLD was concentrated along the tubulin‐ and F‐actin‐containing cytoplasmic manchette that forms adjacent to the elongating spermatid nucleus during spermiogenesis. To our surprise, PALLD relocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of Sertoli cells in the juvenile testis, coincident with the onset of puberty, and this localization was maintained in the adult. We provide evidence that the 140 kDa isoform of PALLD predominates in Sertoli cells, and that it is apparently cleaved, with the C‐terminus localizing to the nucleus while the N‐terminus remains cytoplasmic. We investigated the nuclear localization of the C‐terminus of PALLD and found that it is regulated by a putative nuclear export signal. These results provide the foundation for future work employing Sertoli cell‐ and spermatid‐specific Palld‐knockout mice to study diverse roles of PALLD as both a nuclear‐actin regulatory protein and as a potential regulator of manchette formation during spermatogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 403–413, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of the WT1 gene on apoptosis and development‐related gene expression in porcine kidney fibroblasts and swine testis cells
Authors: An Peipei , Yin Yupeng , Fan Anran , Tan Wentao , Gao Fei , Ma Kuiying , Tang Bo , Zhang Xueming , Li Ziyi
Published: April 2013

The Wilm's tumor 1 gene (WT1) encodes zinc finger proteins that function as tumor suppressors, and play important roles in the development of the genito‐urinary system and other organs. Its precise function in the development of porcine tissues and organs, which is an attractive transplantation resource for certain human diseases, is still unclear. Here, we sought to define the role of WT1 in porcine kidney and testis tissues using porcine kidney fibroblasts (PKFs) and swine testis (ST) cells as in vitro models, both of which express WT1. The recombinant plasmids pLV3‐WT1 shRNA and pIRES2‐WT1‐EGFP were constructed to respectively down‐ and up‐regulate the WT1 gene in porcine cells. The role of WT1 in cell proliferation was investigated by RT‐PCR, immunocytochemical staining, apoptosis analysis, and Western blot. The pLV3‐WT1 shRNA dramatically reduced WT1 expression at both the transcription and protein levels. The down‐regulation of WT1 directly led to early cell apoptosis, and changes in Sf1, Sox9, and Gdnf gene expression in PKFs and ST cells. In contrast, up‐regulation of WT1 gave no obvious phenotype in ST cells. Our results demonstrate that WT1 is essential for the survival of PKFs and ST cells because it regulates apoptosis‐ and development‐related genes in the cells; however, no obvious effect was observed when WT1 was over‐expressed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 414–425, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gene Expression Analysis of Bovine Oocytes With High Developmental Competence Obtained From FSH‐Stimulated Animals
Authors: Labrecque Rémi , Vigneault Christian , Blondin Patrick , Sirard Marc‐André
Published: April 2013

Recent progress in the ovarian stimulation protocol used for bovine in vitro maturation and fertilization, especially through optimization of the follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) withdrawal period (“coasting”) after ovarian pre‐treatment with FSH, has significantly improved blastocyst outcome. Despite this important success, the underlying factors leading to improved oocyte quality have not yet been identified. The aim of this project was to compare the transcriptome of germinal vesicle‐stage oocytes collected from FSH‐stimulated cows after various coasting periods (20, 44, 68, and 92 hr) to determine which transcripts were accumulated or depleted during the rise and fall of competence. Oocytes from each coasting period were compared to the three other times (optimal conditions, 44 and 68 hr; under‐matured, 20 hr; and over‐matured, 92 hr) per animal, allowing each cow to be its own control (24 collections). Microarray analysis revealed that between 5 and 338 transcripts were significantly different across the six comparisons, with an important longitudinal modulation in terms of gene expression profile. Not surprisingly, as the transcriptional activity decreased in these oocytes, several transcripts that are significantly modulated during coasting are related to RNA processing functions, as shown by functional analysis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis also highlighted another important function: the control of chromosome segregation. The results presented here indicate that the quality gained with the optimal coasting time does not last, and also suggests a possible mechanism of control by transcript degradation that could be implicated if the oocyte is not ovulated at the right time. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 428–440, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomics of human seminal plasma: Identification of biomarker candidates for fertility and infertility and the evolution of technology
Authors: Milardi Domenico , Grande Giuseppe , Vincenzoni Federica , Castagnola Massimo , Marana Riccardo
Published: April 2013

Proteomics is a research area that has developed rapidly in the last decade. It studies the large‐scale characterization of the full protein components of a cell, a tissue, or a biological fluid. In the last decade, clinical proteomics has developed new technology and bioinformatics useful in identifying molecular markers of pathology; the next decade might be the era of proteomics. Seminal plasma (SP) represents a good sample for proteomic analysis in the evaluation of male fertility/infertility. SP is an acellular fluid conglomerate, comprised of contributions from the epididymis and accessory sexual glands. Human SP contains many proteins that are important to the successful fertilization of the oocyte by the spermatozoa. Proteomic studies have identified numerous seminal‐specific proteins, and recent reports have provided a further understanding of their function with respect to male fertility. Upon further validation, these proteins may be useful in the clinical distinction between fertility and infertility. This article reviews the proteomic methods, such as one dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D–PAGE), two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D–PAGE), and mass spectrometry (MS), employed to detect human SP markers involved in fertility and infertility. As such, proteomic studies will help the development of new techniques to identify novel biomarkers for a better clinical diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 350–357, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors affecting the clinical use of non‐invasive prenatal testing: a mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Skirton Heather , Patch Christine
Published: April 2013

Non‐invasive prenatal testing has been in clinical use for a decade; however, there is evidence that this technology will be more widely applied within the next few years. Guidance is therefore required to ensure that the procedure is offered in a way that is evidence based and ethically and clinically acceptable. We conducted a systematic review of the current relevant literature to ascertain the factors that should be considered when offering non‐invasive prenatal testing in a clinical setting. We undertook a systematic search of relevant databases, journals and reference lists, and from an initial list of 298 potential papers, identified 11 that were directly relevant to the study. Original data were extracted and presented in a table, and the content of all papers was analysed and presented in narrative form. Four main themes emerged: perceived attributes of the test, regulation and ethical issues, non‐invasive prenatal testing in practice and economic considerations. However, there was a basic difference in the approach of actual or potential service users, who were very positive about the benefits of the technology, compared with other research participants, who were concerned with the potential moral and ethical outcomes of using this testing method. Recommendations for the appropriate use of non‐invasive prenatal testing are made. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of AlON materials for UV emitting devices
Authors: Cho Yujin , Koo Jieun , Cho Youngji , Lee Woong , Lee Jeungwoo , Lee Byeongwoo , Lee Sangtae , Chang Jiho
Published: April 2013

Aluminum oxynitride (AlON), which is conventionally used as one of the ceramics with good thermal and chemical stability, has an attractive candidate for a tunable extreme UV luminous material due to its unique combination of properties and UV luminescence. In this paper, we have synthesized the novel AlON UV emitting materials, which have a wavelength from 4.29 to 4.54 eV, and discovered the core (AlON)‐shell (Al2O3) like structures in a transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, their potential application in a UV light emitter has been demonstrated by applying the combination with a CNT field emission cold cathode, which has been made by a simple printing method. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The shock‐wave application for increasing of a critical current in composite HTSC
Authors: Mikhailova Galina , Antonova Landysh , Borovitskaya Irina , Krokhin Oleg , Majorov Alexey , Mikhailov Boris , Nikulin Valeriy , Silin Pavel , Troitskii Alexey
Published: April 2013

This paper aims to find methods for effective pinning centres generation using shock waves in order to increase the current‐carrying capability of high temperature superconductors in high magnetic fields. It presents the results of the effect of a shock wave on properties of composite high temperature superconductor tapes (HTSC): YBCO(123) and Bi(2223). To generate the shock wave, authors used the interaction of a solid state target with a high speed cumulative plasma jet generated in a Plasma Focus setup. Shock waves have a front‐edge pressure of 1011 Pa. The sample was exposed to the plasma pulse for about 50 ns. A significant and lasting increase of the critical current density of composite HTSC tapes was observed as a result of the effect of shock waves, also in high magnetic fields. This paper discusses the presumed reasons for the increase of the critical current. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Animal Studies on Medicinal Herbs: Predictability, Dose Conversion and Potential Value
Authors: Wojcikowski Ken , Gobe Glenda
Published: April 2013

Animal studies testing medicinal herbs are often misinterpreted by both translational researchers and clinicians due to a lack of information regarding their predictability, human dose equivalent and potential value. The most common mistake is to design or translate an animal study on a milligram per kilogram basis. This can lead to underestimation of the toxicity and/or overestimation of the amount needed for human therapy. Instead, allometric scaling, which involves body surface area, should be used. While the differences in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phases between species will inevitably lead to some degree of error in extrapolation of results regardless of the conversion method used, correct design and interpretation of animal studies can provide information that is not able to be provided by in vitro studies, computer modeling or even traditional use. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Phytolacca americana Extracts on Gene Expression of Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Maness L. , Goktepe I. , Chen H. , Ahmedna M. , Sang S.
Published: April 2013

Native Americans have used Phytolacca americana to treat breast ailments, gastrointestinal disorders, rashes, and inflammation. Some anti‐cancer and anti‐viral research has been reported on this perennial herb, but none has been published concerning the effects of its extracts on cancer cell genes. In this study, changes in gene expression at the transcription level were evaluated in HCT‐116 colon cancer cells after exposure to P. americana ethanol extract and its water fraction using the Human Cancer Pathway Finder PCR Array. Of the genes significantly affected in HCT‐116 cells exposed to the ethanol extract at 3200 µg/ml, changes in expression of MYC, PLAU, and TEK may benefit the treatment of colon cancer. Exposing the cells to 1600 µg/ml of the water fraction resulted in several gene changes that may also be beneficial in the treatment of colon cancer: NME4, TEK, and THBS1. A few genes on this array that are known to play a specific role in colon cancer had activities changed in a way that may be detrimental in the treatment of colon cancer. Further studies should be performed to understand how these changes would impact colon cancer treatment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Targeting the Thymus
Authors: De Barros Stéphanie C. , Zimmermann Valérie S. , Taylor Naomi
Published: April 2013

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation can cure patients suffering from diverse genetic and acquired diseases as well as cancers. Nevertheless, under conditions where T-cell reconstitution is critical, the entry of donor progenitors into the thymus remains a major bottleneck. It is assumed that following the intravenous injection of HSC, they first home to the BM. More committed progenitors can then be exported to the thymus in response to a myriad of signals regulating thymus seeding. Notably although, the thymus is not continually receptive to the import of hematopoietic progenitors. Furthermore, as stem cells with self-renewing capacity do not take up residence in the thymus under physiological conditions, the periodic colonization of the thymus is essential for the sustained differentiation of T lymphocytes. As such, we and others have invested significant efforts into exploring avenues that might foster a long-term thymus-autonomous differentiation. Here, we review strategic approaches that have resulted in long-term T-cell differentiation in immunodeficient (SCID) mice, even across histocompatibility barriers. These include the forced thymic entry of BM precursors by their direct intrathymic injection as well as the transplantation of neonatal thymi. The capacity of the thymus to support hematopoietic progenitors with renewal potential will hopefully promote the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing T-cell differentiation in patients undergoing HSC transplantation.
Brief report: CD24 and CD44 mark human intestinal epithelial cell populations with characteristics of active and facultative stem cells
Authors: Gracz Adam D. , Fuller Megan K. , Wang Fengchao , Li Linheng , Stelzner Matthias , Dunn James C.Y. , Martin Martin G. , Magness Scott T.
Published: April 2013

Recent seminal studies have rapidly advanced the understanding of intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) biology in murine models. However, the lack of techniques suitable for isolation and subsequent downstream analysis of IESCs from human tissue has hindered the application of these findings toward the development of novel diagnostics and therapies with direct clinical relevance. This study demonstrates that the cluster of differentiation genes CD24 and CD44 are differentially expressed across LGR5 positive “active” stem cells as well as HOPX positive “facultative” stem cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting enables differential enrichment of LGR5 (CD24−/CD44+) and HOPX (CD24+/CD44+) cells for gene expression analysis and culture. These findings provide the fundamental methodology and basic cell surface signature necessary for isolating and studying intestinal stem cell populations in human physiology and disease.
Improved 3 × 3 sequential Euclidean distance transform
Authors: Kwon Oh‐Kyu , Suh Jung W.
Published: April 2013

We propose an improved 3 × 3 sequential Euclidean distance transform (DT) using quad‐scan propagation. Our method has a separable scan structure that can be processed with a multicore processor to reduce computation time with a better accuracy. The computer simulation shows that the proposed DT algorithm approximates the Euclidean map more precisely than conventional 3 × 3 DTs while reducing dramatically computation time comparable to 8‐point sequential Euclidean distance algorithm. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
QCD matrix elements + parton showers. The NLO case
Authors: Höche Stefan , Krauss Frank , Schönherr Marek , Siegert Frank
Published: April 2013

Abstract

We present a process-independent technique to consistently combine next-to-leading order parton-level calculations of varying jet multiplicity and parton showers. Double counting is avoided by means of a modified truncated shower scheme. This method preserves both the fixed-order accuracy of the parton-level result and the logarithmic accuracy of the parton shower. We discuss the renormalisation and factorisation scale dependence of the approach and present results from an automated implementation in the SHERPA event generator using the test case of W -boson production at the Large Hadron Collider. We observe a dramatic reduction of theoretical uncertainties compared to existing methods which underlines the predictive power of our novel technique.
Critical role for inhibitory neurons in modulation of synaptic signaling in ex vivo neuronal networks
Authors: Zemianek Jill M. , Lee Sangmook , Guaraldi Mary , Shea Thomas B.
Published: April 2013

A number of laboratories have modeled aspects of synaptic plasticity using neuronal networks established on micro‐electrode arrays. Such studies demonstrate that external stimulation can increase or hasten maturation of network signaling as evidenced an increase in complex bursts. Herein, we demonstrate that repetitive stimulation with a recorded synaptic signal was capable of increasing overall signaling, including the percentage of bursts, over a 5‐day period, but that this increase was completely prevented by the presence of the GABAergic antagonist bicuculline. These findings demonstrate a critical role for inhibitory neurons in signal maturation following stimulation, which supports the purported role for inhibitory neuronal activity in long‐term potentiation and learning in situ.
Subjective cognitive decline: Self and informant comparisons
Authors: Caselli Richard J. , Chen Kewei , Locke Dona E.C. , Lee Wendy , Roontiva Auttawut , Bandy Dan , Fleisher Adam S. , Reiman Eric M.
Published: April 2013

Background

It is unclear whether self‐ or informant‐based subjective cognition better distinguishes emotional factors from early‐stage Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

Healthy members (n = 447) of the Arizona apolipoprotein E (APOE) cohort and their informants completed the self and informant paired Multidimensional Assessment of Neurodegenerative Symptoms questionnaire (MANS).

Results

Decline on the MANS was endorsed by 30.6% of members and 26.2% of informants. Self‐ and informant‐based decliners had higher scores of psychological distress and slightly lower cognitive scores than nondecliners. Over the next 6.7 years, 20 developed mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Converters were older at entry than nonconverters (63.8 [7.0] vs 58.8 [7.3] years, P = .003), 85% were APOE ε4 carriers (P < .0001), and they self‐endorsed decline earlier than informants (58.9 [39.2] vs 28.0 [40.4] months before MCI; P = .002).

Conclusions

Self‐ and informant‐based subjective decline correlated with greater psychological distress and slightly lower cognitive performance. Those with incident MCI generally self‐endorsed decline earlier than informants.
Effects of agomelatine in a murine model of obsessive–compulsive disorder: Interaction with meta‐chlorophenylpiperazine, bicuculline, and diazepam
Authors: Bhutada Pravinkumar , Dixit Pankaj , Thakur Kapil , Deshmukh Prashant , Kaulaskar Shyam
Published: April 2013

The anticompulsive potential of agomelatine, a potent MT1/2 receptor agonist, and its combined effect with m‐chlorophenylpiperazine hydrochloride (mCPP), bicuculline, and diazepam, were investigated in male C57BLJ/6 mice using marble‐burying behavior (MBB) test. Acute administration of agomelatine (30–40 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) significantly inhibited the MBB in mice without influencing their locomotor activity. Further, chronic (28 days) administration of lower doses of agomelatine (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) dose‐dependently reduced the MBB without influencing their locomotor activity. Interaction studies revealed that pretreatment with mCPP (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), a serotonin 5HT2C agonist, partially attenuated the anticompulsive effect of agomelatine (30 mg/kg). Further, a GABAA receptor agonist (diazepam, 1.25 mg/kg, i.p.) and antagonist (bicuculline, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) had no influence on the effects of agomelatine on MBB and locomotor activity. The doses of modulators were selected on the basis of dose‐response studies. The results indicate that agomelatine has a potent anticompulsive effect that can be attributed to 5HT2C antagonism and MT1/2 agonism, and is certainly not mediated via its effects on the GABAergic system. Thus, the study adds to the growing literature on the psychopharmacological effects of agomelatine, and warrants further exploration in multiple paradigms.
Polynomial decay of correlations in linked-twist maps
Authors: SPRINGHAM J. , STURMAN R.
Published: April 2013

Linked-twist maps are area-preserving, piecewise diffeomorphisms, defined on a subset of the torus. They are non-uniformly hyperbolic generalizations of the well-known Arnold cat map. We show that a class of canonical examples have polynomial decay of correlations for$\alpha $-Hölder observables, of order$1/ n$.
The projective bundle theorem for Ij-cohomology
Authors: Fasel Jean
Published: April 2013

We compute the totalIj-cohomology of a projective bundle over a smooth scheme.
Nutritional disturbance in acid–base balance and osteoporosis: a hypothesis that disregards the essential homeostatic role of the kidney
Authors: Bonjour Jean-Philippe
Published: April 2013

The nutritional acid load hypothesis of osteoporosis is reviewed from its historical origin to most recent studies with particular attention to the essential but overlooked role of the kidney in acid–base homeostasis. This hypothesis posits that foods associated with an increased urinary acid excretion are deleterious for the skeleton, leading to osteoporosis and enhanced fragility fracture risk. Conversely, foods generating neutral or alkaline urine would favour bone growth and Ca balance, prevent bone loss and reduce osteoporotic fracture risk. This theory currently influences nutrition research, dietary recommendations and the marketing of alkaline salt products or medications meant to optimise bone health and prevent osteoporosis. It stemmed from classic investigations in patients suffering from chronic kidney diseases (CKD) conducted in the 1960s. Accordingly, in CKD, bone mineral mobilisation would serve as a buffer system to acid accumulation. This interpretation was later questioned on both theoretical and experimental grounds. Notwithstanding this questionable role of bone mineral in systemic acid–base equilibrium, not only in CKD but even more in the absence of renal impairment, it is postulated that, in healthy individuals, foods, particularly those containing animal protein, would induce ‘latent’ acidosis and result, in the long run, in osteoporosis. Thus, a questionable interpretation of data from patients with CKD and the subsequent extrapolation to healthy subjects converted a hypothesis into nutritional recommendations for the prevention of osteoporosis. In a historical perspective, the present review dissects out speculation from experimental facts and emphasises the essential role of the renal tubule in systemic acid–base and Ca homeostasis.
Corporations are people: Emblematic scales of brand personification among Asian American youth
Authors: Reyes Angela
Published: April 2013

This article examines the use of corporate names as personal nicknames for Asian American youth. The analysis traces the meanings of these nicknaming practices through the concepts ofbrand personification(how figures of personhood are recruited as embodiments of corporate brands) andemblematic scales(how signs of personhood emerge across trajectories of use and scales of time). Within the crossracial institutional structure of an Asian American supplementary school, these nicknaming practices not only formulate speech, participants, relationships, and settings as informal, but also infuse the nicknamed with brand qualities linked to race, nation, class, and status. These practices also generate fleeting and stable frameworks of group distinction and adequation that operate simultaneously or cyclically and that maintain or transgress classroom roles and racial boundaries. This article demonstrates how an attention to temporal dimensions enables researchers to explore the ways in which small-scale activities accumulate across events and assemble into wider scale structural change. (Nickname, brand, emblem, timescale, trajectory, Asian American youth, race, classroom discourse)*
The language of possession: Three case studies
Authors: Keen Ian
Published: April 2013

Anthropologists often construe “property” in terms of rights, obligations, and interests, or use “property” in a largely undefined way. The use of the language of rights as a metalanguage is questionable for it is culturally specific, having developed in the Early Modern period in Europe in the context of the spread of market relations and the growth of contract law. One might ask, how are “rights” expressed and constituted in the indigenous languages? The article examines the role of language in the constitution of possession relations with reference to three case studies: ownership of land by Kaiadilt people of Bentinck Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria, possession more generally among Navajo of the southwest United States, and family/household “property” of the Southern Song dynasty of China. It focuses on the constitution of possessors, possessions and connections between them, and the expression of norms entailed by relations between possessor and possessum. (Property, possession, rights, Kayardild language, Navajo language, Southern Song dynasty, metalanguage)*
Another face of ‘mass tourism’: San Sebastián and Spanish beach resorts under Franco, 1936–1975
Authors: WALTON JOHN K.
Published: April 2013

Histories of the ‘mass tourism’ of sunshine and beaches, and of the ‘package holiday’, in post-war Europe have tended to focus on the activities of big international companies and the role of governments. This has certainly been the case in Spain. This article recovers an earlier version of the urban history of coastal tourism in southern Europe, focusing on the resort of San Sebastián in the Spanish Basque Country, and thereby drawing attention to the neglected Atlantic dimension of Spanish coastal tourism. It then examines the responses of an established resort and summer capital to the new developments of the post-Civil War years, and shows how the decline of an older model of aristocratic tourism was counterbalanced by the development of new holiday markets and practices, many of which arose spontaneously beyond the regulatory and promotional gaze of the local authorities.
Individual differences in inhibitory control relate to bilingual spoken word processing
Authors: MERCIER JULIE , PIVNEVA IRINA , TITONE DEBRA
Published: April 2013

We investigated whether individual differences in inhibitory control relate to bilingual spoken word recognition. While their eye movements were monitored, native English and native French English–French bilinguals listened to English words (e.g.,field) and looked at pictures corresponding to the target, a within-language competitor (feet), a French cross-language competitor (fille“girl”), or both, and unrelated filler pictures. We derived cognitive and oculomotor inhibitory control measures from a battery of inhibitory control tasks. Increased cognitive inhibitory control was linked to less within-language competition for all bilinguals, and less cross-language competition for native French low-English-exposure bilinguals. Increased oculomotor inhibitory control was linked to less within-language competition for all native French bilinguals, and less cross-language competition for native French low-English-exposure bilinguals. The results extend previous findings (Blumenfeld & Marian, 2011), and suggest that individual differences in inhibitory control relate to bilingual spoken word processing.