bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of High Power Regenerative Battery Discharger System for Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Swamynathan Kudiyarasan , Sthalasayanam N. , Sridevi M.
Published: November 2021

In a Nuclear Power reactor, safety loads are backed by standby battery system. The healthiness of the battery is very essential requirement and prominent attention is given to availability and reliability of battery supply in nuclear plants. Hence regular monitoring and testing the performance of the battery is a prime requirement. The capacity and load cycle discharge testing of the battery is done annually and the current system employed is to discharge the battery current through resistor banks, which results in unusable power consumption and is uneconomical. The growing trend in power electronics field has given the new technology of regenerating the dissipated power to grid. This paper proposes a high power electronic regenerative technology with high efficiency, low harmonics to pump the dc power to the grid. Though, it is available at lower rating in industry, the paper proposes a high power regenerative discharge system. The topology selected is interleaved boost converter interfaced to a three phase grid connected inverter. The challenges involved are high power operation, steep current discharges with a minimal interference to the normal plant operation power supplies during the regeneration. This paper also presents the system design and simulation results.
Application of UAV Remote Sensing in Monitoring Banana Fusarium Wilt
Authors: Ye Huichun , Huang Wenjiang , Huang Shanyu , Nie Chaojia , Guo Jiawei , Cui Bei
Published: November 2021

Fusarium wilt poses a current threat to worldwide banana plantation areas. To treat the Fusarium wilt disease and adjust banana planting methods accordingly, it is important to introduce timely monitoring processes. In this chapter, the multispectral images acquired by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to establish a method to identify which banana regions were infected or uninfected with Fusarium wilt disease. The vegetation indices (VIs), including the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalised difference red edge index (NDRE), structural independent pigment index (SIPI), red-edge structural independent pigment index (SIPIRE), green chlorophyll index (CIgreen), red-edge chlorophyll index (CIRE), anthocyanin reflectance index (ARI), and carotenoid index (CARI), were selected for deciding the biophysical and biochemical characteristics of the banana plants. The relationships between the VIs and those plants infected or uninfected with Fusarium wilt were assessed using the binary logistic regression method. The results suggest that UAV-based multispectral imagery with a red-edge band is effective to identify banana Fusarium wilt disease, and that the CIRE had the best performance.
“Friction by Definition”: Conflict at Patient Handover Between Emergency and Internal Medicine Physicians at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Kanjee Zahir , Beltran Christine , Smith C. Christopher , Lewis Jason , Hall Matthew , Tibbles Carrie , Sullivan Amy
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Patient handoffs from emergency physicians (EP) to internal medicine (IM) physicians may be complicated by conflict with the potential for adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify the specific types of, and contributors to, conflict between EPs and IM physicians in this context.

Methods: We performed a qualitative focus group study using a constructivist grounded theory approach involving emergency medicine (EM) and IM residents and faculty at a large academic medical center. Focus groups assessed perspectives and experiences of EP/IM physician interactions related to patient handoffs. We interpreted data with the matrix analytic method.

Results: From May to December 2019, 24 residents (IM = 11, EM = 13) and 11 faculty (IM = 6, EM = 5) from the two departments participated in eight focus groups and two interviews. Two key themes emerged: 1) disagreements about disposition (ie, whether a patient needed to be admitted, should go to an intensive care unit, or required additional testing before transfer to the floor); and 2) contextual factors (ie, the request to discuss an admission being a primer for conflict; lack of knowledge of the other person and their workflow; high clinical workload and volume; and different interdepartmental perspectives on the benefits of a rapid emergency department workflow).

Conclusions: Causes of conflict at patient handover between EPs and IM physicians are related primarily to disposition concerns and contextual factors. Using theoretical models of task, process, and relationship conflict, we suggest recommendations to improve the EM/IM interaction to potentially reduce conflict and advance patient care.
The Intervening Touch of Mentality
Authors: Miller Gordon L. ,   The Center for Process Studies
Published: November 2021

Prey-catching behavior (PCB) in frogs and toads has been the focus of intense neuroethological research from the mid-twentieth century to the present and epitomizes some major themes in science and philosophy during this period. It reflects the movement from simple reflexology to more complex views of instinctive behavior, but it also displays a neural reductionism that denies subjectivity and individual agency The present article engages contemporary PCB research but provides a philosophically more promising picture of it based on Whitehead's nonreductionist "philosophy of organism," which proposes that the flow of events from stimulus to response in organisms of all kinds is mediated by "the intervening touch of mentality " This approach resolves some basic mind-body and mind-nature issues that have long bedeviled modern philosophy and presents an image of a postmodern frog for a constructively postmodern science.
Complicações relacionadas à punção venosa periférica e à hipodermóclise em pacientes oncológicos sob cuidados paliativos
Authors: Lago Ana Julia de Oliveira , Souza Ana Carolina de , Souza Fabiana Bolela de
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: identificar complicações relacionadas à punção venosa periférica e à hipodermóclise em pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados sob cuidados paliativos. Método: estudo descritivo e longitudinal. Foi utilizado questionário para caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica dos participantes, roteiro para a avaliação e acompanhamento da punção. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. Resultados: participaram do estudo 70 pacientes, sendo 54,3% (n=38) do sexo feminino e com idade média de 68,8 anos (DP = 15,0), cujas principais doenças oncológicas de base foram câncer de cabeça e pescoço e de pulmão. Ademais, 90% das punções avaliadas foram endovenosas e as complicações mais frequentes foram dor local, extravasamento e cateter dobrado ou tracionado. Conclusão: as complicações observadas no período do estudo foram relacionadas apenas às punções venosas. Houve predominância da punção venosa periférica em detrimento da via subcutânea, uma alternativa viável e recomendada para os pacientes oncológicos sob cuidados paliativos.
Aplicabilidade do Processo de Enfermagem na atenção hospitalar: interface com as melhores práticas
Authors: Machado Susane Karine Kerckoff , Adamy Edlamar Kátia , Pertille Fabiane , Argenta Carla , Silva Clarissa Bohrer da , Vendruscolo Carine
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: analisar a aplicabilidade do Processo de Enfermagem em interface com as melhores práticas. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 146 enfermeiros(as), mediante questionário estruturado tipo survey, aplicado entre maio e setembro de 2019, analisado por estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: dos 146 enfermeiros(as), 115 (78,8%) realizavam o Processo de Enfermagem, sendo que 73 (50%) aplicavam as cinco etapas do Processo de Enfermagem. Destes 115, prevaleceram as etapas de coleta de dados 110 (95,7%) e implementação do cuidado 104 (90,4%). Houve associação significativa entre a aplicação das etapas do Processo de Enfermagem com o uso de sistemas de informação e escalas de avaliação. Algumas etapas do Processo foram associadas ao uso de Sistemas de Linguagem Padronizada e teorias de enfermagem. Conclusão: o Processo de Enfermagem configura-se como estratégia para consolidar as melhores práticas, fundamentando as ações em evidências científicas e nas necessidades do indivíduo mediante expertise clínica e qualificação dos registros.
Modeling of combustion of fluorine-containing refrigerants
Authors: Babushok Valeri I , Burgess Donald R Jr , Kim Dennis K , Hegetschweiler Michael J , Linteris Gregory T
Published: November 2021

A gas-phase chemical kinetic model for the combustion of C1-C3 fluorine-containing refrigerants is presented, including a list of relevant species, their thermodynamic and transport properties, and the Arrhenius parameters for their reactions. Also included are tables of available experimental data in the literature for the laminar burning velocities for these HFC refrigerants and their mixtures. A comparison is made between the experimental data and predicted burning velocities as a function of the fuel-air equivalence ratio for the refrigerants. The model has been developed for the refrigerants: R-32, R-125, R-134a, R-152a, R-143, R-143a, R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), R-1243zf and their mixtures. Agreement between predicted and measured burning velocity is very good for most of the refrigerant mixtures, and reasonably good agreement for a few.
Traduire des technolectes juridiques ou jurilectes dans la presse française et anglaise : approche juritraductologique et terminologique
Authors: Popineau Joëlle
Published: November 2021

Ce qui est comparable est traduisible. Tel est le postulat de base de la juritraductologie (ou science de la traductologie juridique) qui propose une méthodologie innovante de la traduction juridique d’une langue et d’un système juridique sources vers une langue et un système juridique cibles. Cette méthodologie rassemble trois étapes distinctes, mais articulées et intégrées dans un processus traductologique entier : l’étape sémasiologique, l’étape de droit comparé et l’étape onomasiologique forment les phases de recherche et raisonnement dont le but est de décrypter, comparer et recrypter les notions juridiques d’une langue et d’un système juridique sources vers une langue et un système juridique cibles. Le rôle central du droit comparé dans le processus juritraductologique permet de comprendre, caractériser et distinguer, voire opposer les deux droits concernés par la traduction. Deux jurilectes ou technolectes juridiques issus de la presse générale (to be charged, mise en examen) illustrent ce processus, détaillé et minutieux. Cette démonstration est à visée terminologique et propose différents tableaux et figures chronologiques des différents noms du justiciable en France et aux États-Unis selon le moment de l’instruction. Illustrée par des traductions entre la langue française et anglaise, cette méthodologie peut être appliquée à d’autres systèmes juridiques et à d’autres langues et ouvre une nouvelle voie vers une traduction juridique documentée dans un monde où la judiciarisation envahit de nombreuses sphères de notre société. De plus cette méthodologie permet de lever l’intraduisibilité posée par certaines notions juridiques ancrées dans un système juridique spécifique pour un pays donné, d’élargir la base de connaissances du traducteur juridique et d’identifier ce qu’est la langue de spécialité, le discours juridique et les jurilectes.
Bernd Stefanink : herméneutique traductionnelle et cognition au service de la créativité en traduction, une collaboration germano-brésilienne
Authors: de Brose Robert
Published: November 2021

Robert de Brose, professeur adjoint de lettres classiques au Departamento de Letras Estrangeiras de l’Universidade Federal do Ceará (Fortaleza, Brésil), s’entretient avec Bernd Stefanink, professeur émérite de l’Universität Bielefeld (Bielefeld, Allemagne) et spécialiste de l’herméneutique de la traduction. L’entretien a été réalisé en juin 2019, alors que Bernd Stefanink était professeur invité à l’Universidade Federal do Ceará.
Les identités professionnelles des mineurs d’uranium au prisme des transitions industrielles : du régime d’exception au repli identitaire
Authors: Breteshé Sophie , Le Berre Sylvain
Published: November 2021

Du point de vue théorique, l’article examine le rapport à l’identité professionnelle dans des contextes de mutations de la filière nucléaire, ce qui requiert un regard rétrospectif sur ces transformations. Par ailleurs, il contribue à la connaissance empirique de la filière uranifère qui est restée pendant de longues années un secteur marqué du sceau du secret militaire. Cet article, qui s’appuie sur une enquête auprès de deux générations de mineurs de l’uranium de l’ouest de la France et l’étude d’archives, analyse l’évolution des identités professionnelles des mineurs d’uranium depuis l’après-guerre jusqu’à la fermeture des mines dans les années 1990. En effet, l’histoire des mines d’uranium n’est pas linéaire et la « mise en intrigue » (Ricoeur, 1983) du passé s’est faite tardivement autour des déchets laissés par l’exploitation, mais en omettant le travail à proprement parler de la mine. Depuis les témoignages d’époque qui présentent l’exploration puis l’exploitation sur le mode du développement économique, en passant par la fermeture puis l’oubli des mines, jusqu’à la prise en compte récente des risques inhérents, l’histoire se révèle plurielle et fragmentée (Brunet, 2004). Ce problème de linéarité repose en partie sur les discontinuités induites à la fois par l’oubli et le travail de mémoire partiel, fait très récemment. À partir de la question de la genèse des identités des mineurs, cet article montre, depuis l’exploration en 1945 jusqu’à la fermeture des mines en 1990, l’évolution de trois éléments structurants de l’identité professionnelle : le contexte institutionnel, le rapport au travail et la nature des relations professionnelles. Si le cas de mineurs d’uranium pose avec force la question du maintien d’une identité dans des contextes de transformation de la filière nucléaire, il met en perspective le rôle des contextes institutionnels sur la nature des relations professionnelles.
Formação de professores para a Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio: proposições para reflexão
Authors: Sales Oliveira Maria Rita Neto , Guimarães Ailton Vitor
Published: November 2021

Este texto trata do tema da Formação de Professores para a Educação Profissional (Forprofep) a partir de algumas proposições direcionadas para um tratamento crítico e ampliado sobre o tema. Tem-se como objetivo apresentar pontos para discussão sobre a Forprofep no Brasil, e contribuir para o debate relativo aos planos de cursos da educação profissional técnica de nível médio, após a denominada contrarreforma do ensino médio. As proposições abordam, desde aspectos gerais de natureza teleológico-conceitual e contextual até aspectos mais específicos de ordem didático-pedagógica. Em relação a cada uma das proposições são levantadas questões que podem orientar o trabalho teórico-prático sobre a Forprofep. Ao final, apresenta-se uma grande meta e a condição do diálogo entre os sujeitos escolares, na elaboração de projetos de formação de professores que materializem uma formação de excelência socialmente referenciada.
Implementation of the best available technologies as a factor of establishment of “green” economy: institutional aspect
Authors: Ilyakova Irina Evgen'evna
Published: November 2021

  The goal of this research lies in assessment of the institutional factors of implementing the model of “green” economy in the context of introduction of best available technologies as the object of eco-investing, development of recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of such mechanisms from the perspectiveof ensuring “green” priorities. The article employs the general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis, synthesis) and special methods (integrative that implies simultaneous study of institutional, social and economic factors). The object of this research is the institutional factors of eco-investing and implementation of the best available technologies. The subject is the effectiveness of the institutional mechanism of "eco-investing in the context of implementation of the priorities of the model of “green” economy. The article relies on the conceptual documents of international organizations in the area of sustainable development and “green” economy, scientific works of the leading national and foreign scholars, statistical data and reports of the government structures, as well as corresponding normative legal acts. The scientific novelty and results are as follows: the author clarifies the correlation between the concepts of “sustainable development”, “green economy”, “green growth”, and “eco-investing”; outlines the institutional roles of the actors of "eco-investing; determines the problematic areas, such as priority vectors of eco-investing; examines the normative legal mechanism of development of the “green” economy model in the Russian Federation. The conclusion is made that the key “rules of the game” are established on the macroeconomic level. The article also reveals the “failures” in the course of implementation of the national project “Ecology” and the federal project “Introduction of the Best Available Technologies”. Recommendations are formulated for the elimination of such gaps and realization of the priorities of “green” economy in the investment sphere.  
Macroestructura de correos electrónicos de petición en el contexto académico. Análisis contrastivo español-italiano
Authors: Robles Garrote Pilar
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo tiene como propósito identificar las características macroestructurales en correos electrónicos de petición de estudiantes universitarios a fin de determinar las analogías e identificar las divergencias en la interacción escrita en el ámbito académico español e italiano. Para ello, se aportan algunos datos empíricos de un estudio de carácter cualitativo y exploratorio que analiza un corpus de correos electrónicos de estudiantes universitarios españoles e italianos en los que los informantes realizan peticiones a sus profesores. Los resultados muestran que los correos electrónicos analizados presentan una disposición análoga en la que se respetan prácticamente todas las secciones principales del modelo macroestructural utilizado para el análisis. Sin embargo, se advierten algunas variaciones en los movimientos y submovimientos que reflejan las variaciones en el grado de distancia social en las relaciones de asimetría jerárquica entre los dos países y las diferencias culturales en cuanto al grado de formalidad en el registro lingüístico en ambos contextos académicos.
Adaptive radiation therapy strategies in the treatment of prostate cancer patients using hypofractionated VMAT
Authors: Siciarz Pawel , McCurdy Boyd , Hanumanthappa Nikesh , Van Uytven Eric
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To perform a comprehensive evaluation of eight adaptive radiation therapy strategies in the treatment of prostate cancer patients who underwent hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment.

Material and methods

The retrospective study included 20 prostate cancer patients treated with 40 Gy total dose over five fractions (8 Gy/fraction) using VMAT. Daily cone beam computed tomography images were acquired before the delivery of every fraction and then, with the application of deformable image registration used for the estimation of daily dose, contouring and plan re‐optimization. Dosimetric benefits of the various ART strategies were quantified by the comparison of dose and dose‐volume metrics derived from treatment planning objectives for original treatment plan and adapted plans with the consideration of target volumes (PTV and CTV) as well as critical structures (bladder, rectum, left, and right femoral heads).

Results

Percentage difference (ΔD) between planning objectives and delivered dose in the D99% > 4000cGy (CTV) metric was −3.9% for the non‐ART plan and 2.1% to 4.1% for ART plans. For D99% > 3800cGy and Dmax < 4280cGy (PTV), ΔD was −11.2% and −6.5% for the non‐ART plan as well as −3.9% to −1.6% and −0.2% to 1.8% for ART plans, respectively. For D15% < 3200 cGy and D20% < 2800 cGy (bladder), ΔD was −62.4% and −68.8% for the non‐ART plan as well as −60.0% to −57.4% and −67.0% to −64.0% for ART plans. For D15% < 3200 cGy and D20% < 2800 cGy (rectum), ΔD was −11.4% and −8.15% for non‐ART plan as well as −14.9% to −9.0% and −11.8% to −5.1% for ART plans.

Conclusions

Daily on‐line adaptation approaches were the most advantageous, although strategies adapting every other fraction were also impactful while reducing relative workload as well. Offline treatment adaptations were shown to be less beneficial due to increased dose delivered to bladder and rectum compared toother ART strategies.
30 Li+‐Accommodating Covalent Organic Frameworks as Ultralong Cyclable High‐Capacity Li‐Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Zhai Lipeng , Li Gaojie , Yang Xiubei , Park Sodam , Han Diandian , Mi Liwei , Wang Yanjie , Li Zhongping , Lee Sang‐Young
Published: November 2021

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted considerable attention as a facile and versatile design platform for advanced energy storage materials owing to their structural diversity, ordered porous structures, and chemical stability. In this study, a redox‐active COF (TP–OH–COF) that can accommodate 30 Li+ ions is synthesized for potential use as an ultralong cyclable high‐capacity lithium‐ion battery electrode material. The TP–OH–COF is synthesized using triformylpholoroglucinol and 2,5‐diaminohydroquinone dihydrochloride under solvothermal conditions. The accommodation of such exceptional Li+ ion content in the TP–OH–COF is achieved by alternately tethering redox‐active hydroxyl and carbonyl sites on the pore walls. Owing to this unique chemical/structural feature, the TP–OH–COF delivers a high specific capacity of 764.1 mAh g–1, and capacity retention of 63% after 8000 cycles at a fast current density of 5.0 A g–1.
One‐Step Synthesis of Multifunctional Chitosan Hydrogel for Full‐Thickness Wound Closure and Healing
Authors: Guo Shen , Yao Minghao , Zhang Dan , He Yuanmeng , Chang Rong , Ren Yikun , Guan Fangxia
Published: November 2021

Multifunctional hydrogel as a sealant or wound dressing with high adhesiveness and excellent antibacterial activity is highly desirable in clinical applications. In this contribution, one‐step synthetic hydrogel based on quaternized chitosan (QCS), tannic acid (TA), and ferric iron (Fe(III)) is developed for skin incision closure and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)‐infected wound healing. In this hydrogel system, the ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds between QCS and TA form the main backbone of hydrogel, the metal coordination bonds between TA and Fe(III) (catechol‐Fe) endow hydrogel with excellent adhesiveness and (near‐infrared light) NIR‐responsive photothermal property, and these multiple dynamic physical crosslinks enable QCS/TA/Fe hydrogel with flexible self‐healing ability and injectability. Moreover, QCS/TA/Fe hydrogel possesses superior antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, hemostasis, and biocompatibility. Also, it is safe for vital organs. The data from the mouse skin incision model and infected full‐thickness skin wound model presented the high wound closure effectiveness and acceleration of the wound healing process by this multifunctional hydrogel, highlighting its great potential in wound management.
Directing Cholangiocyte Morphogenesis in Natural Biomaterial Scaffolds
Authors: Smith Quinton , Bays Jennifer , Li Linqing , Shareef Haniyah , Chen Christopher S. , Bhatia Sangeeta N.
Published: November 2021

Patients with Alagille syndrome carry monogenic mutations in the Notch signaling pathway and face complications such as jaundice and cholestasis. Given the presence of intrahepatic ductopenia in these patients, Notch2 receptor signaling is implicated in driving normal biliary development and downstream branching morphogenesis. As a result, in vitro model systems of liver epithelium are needed to further mechanistic insight of biliary tissue assembly. Here, primary human intrahepatic cholangiocytes as a candidate population for such a platform are systematically evaluated, and conditions that direct their branching morphogenesis are described. It is found that extracellular matrix presentation, coupled with mitogen stimulation, promotes biliary branching in a Notch‐dependent manner. These results demonstrate the utility of using 3D scaffolds for mechanistic investigation of cholangiocyte branching and provide a gateway to integrate biliary architecture in additional in vitro models of liver tissue.
A new sugarcane yield model using the SiPAR model
Authors: Hu Shun , Shi Liangsheng , Zha Yuanyuan , Huang Kai
Published: November 2021

Physical process–based crop yield models are subject to extensive input requirements, and traditional statistical models often lack robustness in a changing environment. The purpose of this study was to develop a new and simple semi‐physical sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) yield model, called the SiPAR model (intercepted photosynthetically active radiation partitioned to stem), with less data requirement than the process‐based models and strong robustness. The SiPAR model was developed using the normalized difference vegetation index, the leaf area index, and solar radiation data. A 3‐yr field experiment was used to evaluate model performance. The SiPAR model was also compared with three traditional statistical models. The results showed that (a) the SiPAR model obtained the highest accuracy among the compared methods and reproduced the spatial pattern of yield well (RMSE = 5.88–8.65 t ha–1; R2 = .44–.87; normalized RMSE (Ry) = 7.22–11.77%) and (b) the SiPAR model had better spatial and temporal stability than the other three statistical models through cross‐validation because the SiPAR model considered the stem biomass accumulation features of sugarcane by introducing a weighting factor to reflect the stem potential growth rate and using intercepted photosynthetically active radiation to represent the energy available for photosynthesis. The SiPAR model has the potential to be applied at a regional scale because it requires less data and fewer parameters and is robust and highly accurate.
Impact of high‐intensity ultrasound on physical properties and degree of oxidation of lipase modified menhaden oil with caprylic acid and/or stearic acid
Authors: Lee Juhee , Willett Sarah A. , Akoh Casimir C. , Martini Silvana
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) on physical properties, degree of oxidation, and oxidative stability of structured lipids (SLs). Caprylic acid (C) and stearic acid (S) were incorporated into menhaden oil using Lipozyme® 435 lipase to obtain five samples: (1) LC 20 (menhaden oil with 20% of C), (2) LC 30 (menhaden oil with 30% C), (3) LS 20 (menhaden oil with 20% S), (4) LS 30 (menhaden oil with 30% S), and (5) Blend C (menhaden oil with 16.24% C and 13.04% S). Samples were crystallized for 90 min at the following temperatures: (1) LC 20 at 15.5°C, (2) LC 30 at 17.5°C, (3) LS 20 at 24°C, (4) LS 30 at 30°C, and (5) Blend C at 18.0°C, and HIU was applied at the onset of crystallization. Physical properties, degree of oxidation, and oxidative stability were evaluated in sonicated and nonsonicated samples. All SLs had statistically higher G′ after sonication. Sonicated LS 30, LC 30, and Blend C had a higher melting enthalpy than the nonsonicated ones, while enthalpy values in sonicated LS 20 and LC 20 samples were not statistically different than the nonsonicated ones. No significant difference between sonicated and nonsonicated samples was observed in peroxide values (1.2 ± 0.1 meq/kg, p > 0.05) and in the oxidative stability index (6.3 ± 0.2 h, p > 0.05). These results showed that HIU was effective at changing physical properties without affecting the oxidation of the samples.
Development of a novel artificial neural network model for closed pulsating heat pipe with water and aqueous solutions
Authors: Wang Xuehui , Wright Edward , Liu Zeyu , Gao Neng , Li Ying
Published: November 2021

Aqueous solutions are increasingly introduced as the working fluids of pulsating heat pipe (PHP), to balance and optimise certain thermo‐physical properties of pure water. In this paper, a first attempt is conducted to predict the heat transfer performance of closed PHP with pure water and available aqueous solutions based on a fully connected feed‐forward artificial neural network (ANN). The notable dimensionless numbers, Kutateladze number (Ku), Bond number (Bo), Morton number (Mo), Jackob number (Ja), Prandtl number (Pr), Laplace number (La), d/Le and number of turns (N) were selected as the inputs of the ANN model. It was found that the prediction of proposed ANN model posed a good agreement with experimental data with the MSE and correlation coefficient of 0.026 and 0.979, respectively. For 81.02% of the collected data, the absolute deviation of prediction for thermal resistance was within 25%. For 95% of collected data, the prediction of thermal resistance and temperature difference between the evaporation and condensation section fell within ±0.37 K/W, and ±17.1 K, respectively. The evaluation of evaporation and condensation section temperatures was also presented based on the proposed ANN model.
An integrated yeast‐based process for cis,cis‐muconic acid production
Authors: Wang Guokun , Tavares Aline , Schmitz Simone , França Lucas , Almeida Hugo , Cavalheiro João , Carolas Ana , Øzmerih Süleyman , Blank Lars M. , Ferreira Bruno S. , Borodina Irina
Published: November 2021

Cis,cis‐muconic acid (CCM) is a promising polymer building block. CCM can be made by whole‐cell bioconversion of lignin hydrolysates or de novo biosynthesis from sugar feedstocks using engineered microorganisms. At present, however, there is no established process for large‐scale CCM production. In this study, we developed an integrated process for manufacturing CCM from glucose by yeast fermentation. We systematically engineered the CCM‐producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain by rewiring the shikimate pathway flux and enhancing phosphoenolpyruvate supply. The engineered strain ST10209 accumulated less biomass but produced 1.4 g/L CCM (70 mg CCM per g glucose) in microplate assay, 71% more than the previously engineered strain ST8943. The strain ST10209 produced 22.5 g/L CCM in a 2 L fermenter with a productivity of 0.19 g/L/h, compared to 0.14 g/L/h achieved by ST8943 in our previous report under the same fermentation conditions. The fermentation process was demonstrated at pilot scale in 10 and 50 L steel tanks. In 10 L fermenter, ST10209 produced 20.8 g/L CCM with a CCM yield of 0.1 g/g glucose and a productivity of 0.21 g/L/h, representing the highest to‐date CCM yield and productivity. We developed a CCM recovery and purification process by treating the fermentation broth with activated carbon at low pH and low temperature, achieving an overall CCM recovery yield of 66.3% and 95.4% purity. In summary, we report an integrated CCM production process employing engineered S. cerevisiae yeast.
Changes in fried rice batter with increased resistant starch and effects on sensory quality of battered fried onions
Authors: Boue Stephen M. , Chen Ming‐Hsuan , Daigle Kim W. , Lea Jeanne M. , Bett‐Garber Karen L.
Published: November 2021

Background and objectives

Resistant starch (RS) has health‐promoting properties, but can be altered during frying. The aim of this study was to examine the textural and sensory characteristics of fried rice batters with varying amounts of RS.

Findings

Adding resistant starch (RS2 and RS3) to rice batters or using a high RS rice flour significantly increased resistant starch contents after frying. The instrumental textural analysis of the fried batters indicated all of the fried rice flour batters used had higher hardness values and quantity of fractures when compared to wheat batter. Sensory evaluation using battered onion strips indicated that adding RS to rice flour batters did not significantly alter the attributes for hardness, fracturability, crispness, and toothpacking. However, the sensory evaluation for battered onion strips indicated the low RS rice flour displayed significantly higher values for hardness, fracturability, and crispness when compared to the high RS rice flour.

Conclusions

The addition of RS or the use of high RS rice flour in fried battered onion strips did not significantly alter the textural and sensory attributes that consumers enjoy.

Significance and novelty

Rice is a source of RS and can be included in fried food batters to promote better health.
Bipyridine‐Modified DNA Three‐Way Junctions with Amide Linkers: Metal‐Dependent Structure Induction and Self‐Sorting
Authors: Takezawa Yusuke , Sakakibara Shiori , Shionoya Mitsuhiko
Published: November 2021

Invited for the cover of this issue are Yusuke Takezawa, Shiori Sakakibara, and Mitsuhiko Shionoya at The University of Tokyo. The image depicts the formation of stable DNA three‐way junction structures crosslinked by an interstrand NiII(bpy)3 complex. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202104037.
Effect of sheep grazing on seed circulation on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Wang Shu‐Lin , Hu An , Hou Fu‐Jiang
Published: November 2021

In grazing ecosystems, mature seeds fall directly to the soil to form the soil seed bank (SSB), or are ingested by grazing livestock to become part of the dung seed bank (DSB; i.e., seed circulation). Both the SSB and DSB form the basis for the natural regeneration of vegetation. However, little is known about the relationships between the SSB, DSB, and aboveground vegetation (AGV) community under different stocking rates (SRs). This study investigated the relationships between the SSB, seeds in Tan sheep (Ovis aries) dung, and AGV at different SRs (0, 2.7, 5.3, and 8.7 sheep ha–1) in a semiarid region of the Loess Plateau in China. We found that Tan sheep grazing increased the species richness heterogeneity of grassland vegetation, and negatively influenced the density of AGV. Under natural conditions, 17 species from soil‐borne seeds and 10 species from Tan sheep dung germinated. There was low species similarity between the soil and DSBs and AGV. Sheep SR and the seed banks (soil and dung) were negatively correlated with AGV. Seeds are cycled from herbage to livestock to soil during cold season grazing; the seasonal nature of this seed dispersal is an adaptation to harsh, semiarid environments. Increased seed bank diversity under sheep grazing facilitates grassland regeneration on the Loess Plateau, similarly to other semiarid regions globally.
Lower B‐type natriuretic peptide levels predict left ventricular concentric remodelling and insulin resistance
Authors: Okamoto Chisato , Tsukamoto Osamu , Hasegawa Takuya , Hitsumoto Tatsuro , Matsuoka Ken , Takashima Seiji , Amaki Makoto , Kanzaki Hideaki , Izumi Chisato , Ito Shin , Kitakaze Masafumi
Published: November 2021

Aims

Natriuretic peptides have reportedly been associated with cardiac hypertrophy and insulin resistance; however, it has not been established if B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is associated with either insulin resistance or cardiac remodelling in a population with normal plasma BNP levels. We investigated the relationship among plasma BNP levels, insulin resistance, and left ventricular (LV) remodelling in a population with normal physiological plasma BNP levels.

Methods and results

Among 1632 individuals who participated in annual health checks between 2005 and 2008 in Arita‐cho, Saga, Japan, 675 individuals [median (interquartile range) for age 62 (51–69) years; 227 men (34%)] with LV ejection fraction 50% and BNP level <35 pg/mL were enrolled in this study. Insulin resistance was assessed using homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). LV geometry, including LV concentric remodelling, was classified based on relative wall thickness (RWT) and LV mass index values derived from echocardiographic findings. Factors associated with insulin resistance and LV geometry were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Tertiles of BNP were inversely associated with HOMA‐IR [1st tertile, 1.33 (0.76–1.74); 2nd tertile, 1.05 (0.72–1.59); 3rd tertile, 0.95 (0.66–1.58), P = 0.005]. Lower BNP was associated with the prevalence of insulin resistance, defined as HOMA‐IR ≥1.37, even after full multivariate adjustment [1 SD increment in BNP = adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.740; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.601–0.912; P = 0.005]. LV concentric remodelling (RWT >0.42; LV mass index ≤115 g/m2 in men and ≤95 g/m2 in women) was observed in 107 (16%) participants, while normal LV geometry (RWT ≤0.42; LV mass index ≤115 g/m2 in men and ≤95 g/m2 in women) was seen in 423 (63%), and LV hypertrophy (LV mass index >115 g/m2 in men and >95 g/m2 in women) in 145 (21%). Both low BNP level and higher insulin resistance were independently linked to LV concentric remodelling after multivariate adjustment (1 SD increment in BNP = aOR 0.714, 95% CI 0.544–0.938, P = 0.015; HOMA‐IR ≥ 1.37 vs. <1.37: aOR 1.694, 95% CI 1.004–2.857, P = 0.048, respectively).

Conclusions

Lower BNP levels are linked to either insulin resistance or LV concentric remodelling in a population with normal plasma BNP levels, suggesting that participants with lower natriuretic peptide level might be vulnerable to the development of metabolic disorders and LV morphological abnormalities.
Revisiting the Octadehydro[12]annulenes
Authors: Holland Emma K. , Thorley Karl J. , Parkin Sean R. , Anthony John E.
Published: November 2021

Dehydroannulenes are alkyne‐rich macrocycles possessing rigid, planar, π‐conjugated backbones. Octadehydro[12]annulenes in particular are formally antiaromatic, and have been shown to possess stable reduced states with exploitable LUMO energies. However, very few examples of this type of annulene have been structurally characterized, and there is little information on the stability of these antiaromatic molecules in solution or in the solid state. We have synthesized a range of substituted octadehydro[12]annulenes, and characterized their optical and redox properties. Contrary to prior reports, dehydro[12]annulenes with overlapping π‐surfaces are reasonably stable both in solution and thin films, suggesting potential use in practical applications.
Unfolding of spatial representation at systems level in infant rats
Authors: Shan Xia , Contreras María P. , Mendez Marta , Born Jan , Inostroza Marion
Published: November 2021

Spatial representations enable navigation from early life on. However, the brain regions essential to form spatial representations, like the hippocampus, are considered functionally immature before weaning. Here, we examined the formation of representations of space in rat pups on postnatal day (PD) 16, using a simple habituation paradigm where the pups were exposed to an arena on three occasions, separated by ~140 min. Whereas on the first two occasions the arena was the same, on the third “test” occasion either proximal cues (Prox group), or distal cues (Dist group), or proximal and distal cues (Prox‐Dist group), or no cues (No‐change group) were rearranged. Locomotion (distance traveled) was used as behavioral measure of habituation, and c‐Fos expression to measure regional brain activity at test. Locomotion generally decreased across the first two occasions. At test, it reached a minimum in the No‐change group, indicating familiarity with the spatial conditions. By contrast, the Prox‐Dist group displayed a significant increase in locomotion which was less robust in the Prox group and absent in the Dist group, a pattern suggesting that the pups relied more on proximal than distal cues during spatial exploration. c‐Fos activity in the No‐change group was significantly suppressed in the hippocampus (CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus) but simultaneously enhanced in the prelimbic area (PL) of the medial prefrontal cortex, compared with untreated Home‐cage controls, pointing to a possible involvement of the PL in regulating locomotion in familiar spaces. By contrast, in both Prox‐Dist and Prox groups c‐Fos activity was enhanced in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions, suggesting these regions might be particularly involved in regulating exploration of spatial novelty. Our findings show that functional representations of space at a systems level are formed already in pre‐weanling rats.
Effectiveness of mobile health‐based self‐management application for posttransplant cares: A systematic review
Authors: Abasi Sanaz , Yazdani Azita , Kiani Shamim , Mahmoudzadeh‐Sagheb Zahra
Published: November 2021

Background and aims

Patients after transplantation need medical management for the rest of their lives, and self‐management seems to lead to greater adherence to medical standards, improve early physical changes, and increase patient empowerment. The main objective of this article is to systematic review of the consideration to mobile health applications (m‐Health apps) used in transplantation.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted MEDLINE (through PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct from inception to November 2020. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statement was used in this study. Comprehensive research was carried out using a combination of keywords and MeSH terms associated with m‐Health, empowerment, self‐management, and transplantation. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts, assessed full‐text articles, and extracted data from articles that met inclusion criteria. Eligible studies were original research articles that included posttransplant care and mobile phone‐based applications to support self‐management and self‐care. Also, thesis, book chapters, letters to editors, short briefs, reports, technical reports, book reviews, systematic reviews, or meta‐analysis were excluded.

Results

We divided all the reviewed articles into four categories, self‐management (medication adherence, adherence to medical regimen, and remote monitoring), evaluation, interaction, and interface; 37.5% of the studies were focused on lung transplantation. In 56.25% of the studies, medication adherence was considered because one of the main reasons for the rejection and graft loss is stated medication nonadherence. Also, 62.5% of the studies demonstrated that the use of m‐health improved medication adherence and self‐management in transplantation.

Conclusions

The use of m‐Health apps interventions to self‐management after transplantation has shown promising feasibility and acceptability, and there is modest evidence to support the efficacy of these interventions. We found that m‐Health solutions can help the patient in self‐management in many ways after transplantation.
Blood MALT1, Th1, and Th17 cells are dysregulated, inter‐correlated, and correlated with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients; meanwhile, MALT1 decline during therapy relates to treatment outcome
Authors: Ye Zhuang , Chen Lu , Fang Ying , Zhao Ling
Published: November 2021

Objective

Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) participates in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases via activating various signaling pathways and promoting the differentiation of T‐helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells; however, it is rarely reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to assess the correlation of MALT1 with Th1 and Th17 cells and evaluate its potential as a biomarker for evaluating disease activity and treatment outcomes in RA patients.

Methods

This study enrolled 139 RA patients and 45 health controls (HCs); then, blood MALT1, Th1, and Th17 cells were determined. For RA patients only, blood MALT1 at week (W) 6 and W12 after treatment was also detected. Additionally, clinical response and remission of RA patients were assessed at W12.

Results

MALT1 (p < 0.001), Th1 (p = 0.011), and Th17 (p < 0.001) cells were all increased in RA patients than HCs; meanwhile, increased MALT1 was associated with elevated Th1 (p = 0.003) and Th17 (p < 0.001) cells in RA patients. Besides, MALT1, Th1, and Th17 cells were positively correlated with parts of disease activity indexes in RA patients (all p < 0.050). In addition, MALT1 was gradually declined from W0 to W12 (p < 0.001) in RA patients. Specifically, MALT1 at W6 and W12 was lower in response patients than no response patients (both p < 0.010), also in remission patients than no remission patients (both p < 0.050).

Conclusion

MALT1, Th1, and Th17 cells are dysregulated, inter‐correlated, and correlated with disease activity in RA patients; meanwhile, the decline of MALT1 expression can partly reflect RA treatment response and remission.
Usefulness of SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen test sample as input for SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR analysis
Authors: García‐Salguero Cristina , Culebras Esther , Merino Paloma , Baos Elvira , Delgado‐Iribarren Alberto
Published: November 2021

SARS‐CoV‐2 rapid detection is of great interest to prevent viral dissemination. In that sense, antigen tests appeared as a very valuable tool to reach this goal. However, it is possible to obtain a negative result in those patients with low viral loads, and consequently, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) should be performed on samples from patients with a negative antigen test in which there is a strong suspicion of COVID infection. The common diagnostic algorithm involves taking a second sample for RT‐PCR testing. This study evaluates the usefulness of the antigen test sample for carrying out RT‐PCR analysis when necessary. Results obtained indicate that can be used a unique sample for both antigen test and RT‐PCR. This data showed that it is possible to reduce excessive suspected individuals managing and so on increase staff security and patient comfort.
Variants of concern responsible for SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine breakthrough infections from India
Authors: Singh Urvashi B. , Rophina Mercy , Chaudhry Rama , Senthivel Vigneshwar , Bala Kiran , Bhoyar Rahul C. , Jolly Bani , Jamshed Nayer , Imran Mohamed , Gupta Ritu , Aggarwal Praveen , Divakar Mohit K. , Sinha Subrata , Arvinden V. R. , Bajaj Anjali , Shamnath Afra , Jain Abhinav ,   COVID CBNAAT CORE GROUP, Scaria Vinod , Sivasubbu Sridhar , Guleria Randeep
Published: November 2021

Emerging reports of SARS‐CoV‐2 breakthrough infections entail methodical genomic surveillance for determining the efficacy of vaccines. This study elaborates genomic analysis of isolates from breakthrough infections following vaccination with AZD1222/Covishield and BBV152/Covaxin. Variants of concern B.1.617.2 and B.1.1.7 responsible for cases surge in April–May 2021 in Delhi, were the predominant lineages among breakthrough infections.
Elevated temperature relieves phosphorus limitation of marine unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria
Authors: Deng Lixia , Cheung Shunyan , Kang Chang‐Keun , Liu Kailin , Xia Xiaomin , Liu Hongbin
Published: November 2021

The warming ocean is expected to be more phosphorus (P) limited due to increasing stratification. P is a major limiting nutrient of marine diazotrophs, while the interactive effect of temperature elevation and P limitation on marine unicellular diazotrophs is unknown. Here, we examined the physiology of a major unicellular diazotroph, Crocosphaera watsonii, grown under P‐limited and P‐replete conditions at 25°C, 28°C, and 31°C. Growth, N2, and CO2 fixation rates of C. watsonii increased with temperature under P limitation, and growth rates were similar between P‐limited and P‐replete treatments at 31°C. At high temperature, the P use efficiencies for N2 and CO2 fixation under P limitation were more than twice higher than under P‐replete conditions. Expression of genes involved in P acquisition, intracellular recycling, and substitution in C. watsonii was upregulated at higher temperature under P limitation. These results suggest that P limitation in C. watsonii was relieved with elevated temperature through various temperature‐dependent economic strategies on P metabolism. Through meta‐analysis of a field data set using general additive model, we found that C. watsonii abundance was correlated mainly with temperature and phosphate, and predicted to increase significantly with further warming.