bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calamities and Counterfactuals: A Historical View of Polarity Reversal
Authors: Ziegeler Debra
Published: November 2015

Previous studies have attributed little attention to the historical factors surrounding the development of counterfactual meanings in the adverbs almost and nearly, though some have referred to evidence of pleonastic negation found in proximatives across languages. In the present study, the historical development of the two adverbs will be considered in investigating recent data from Late Modern English, in which a majority of counterfactual uses appear with a complement referring to undesirable events, sometimes expressed hyperbolically. It is hypothesised that the presence of intersubjectivity contributed significantly to the development of counterfactual meanings in both adverbs, in focusing attention on the aversion of, rather than the proximity to, the event described in the complement. However, in the case of nearly, the proximative meanings of counterfactuality are likely to have emerged out of contexts in which meanings of temporal proximity (expressing counterfactuality) were ambiguous with meanings of spatial proximity (expressing factuality), as in the frequent appearance of nearly with past participles.
Mind you: an enunciative description
Authors: Ranger Graham
Published: November 2015

The predicate mind is situated somewhere between the lexical and the grammatical, lending itself to various grammaticalised uses, such as never mind or mind employed alone as a form of discourse particle. The present article deals with the parenthetical sequence mind you, using examples taken from the British National Corpus. After a brief discussion evoking the methodological difficulties implied by corpus study of a polyvalent, multiword marker of this type, I will propose a description, formulated within the Theory of Enunciative Operations, according to which, in a sequence of the general form "p mind you q", mind you indicates that q operates a retroactive adjustment relative to the inferences which the utterance of p might give rise to. This mechanism is doubly retroactive when mind you is in final position relative to q, i.e. "p q, mind you". I will then consider two suggestions as to the diachronic sources of the mind you sequence, favouring the hypothesis that this use has developed from an inverted imperative construction. This will enable me to link the discursive functions of the predicate mind to its other values, via a schematic form according to which an occurrence of mind implies the imposition of some phenomenon b on the attention of a subject a.
Discours direct et stratégie rhétorique dans les communiqués de presse de Greenpeace International
Authors: Cloarec Melwenn
Published: November 2015

Cette étude cherche à identifier la visée communicationnelle et les spécificités éventuelles des communiqués de presse de l’ONG Greenpeace International à travers l’analyse macrostructurelle et microstructurelle des passages au discours direct, qui occupent une part essentielle des communiqués. L’étude porte sur 200 communiqués de presse publiés sur le site international de Greenpeace, et plus particulièrement sur les 564 citations au discours direct qu’ils comprennent. L’analyse montre que la plupart de ces citations, tout en étant attribuées à des sources extérieures, émanent en réalité des auteurs des communiqués. Ces « pseudo-citations » constituent également un trait caractéristique des communiqués de presse d’entreprise. Elles y sont destinées à encourager la reprise des communiqués par les journalistes en leur donnant une apparence neutre et en accentuant la ressemblance entre les communiqués et les articles de presse. L'autre visée communicationnelle principale de ces citations constitue l’un des traits distinctifs de notre corpus : le discours direct, qui véhicule les propos des militants et joue sur le pathos, est également censé rallier le lecteur aux causes défendues par l’organisation et l’inciter à agir.
Génétique du discours périgraphique dibien
Authors: Dugas Guy
Published: November 2015

L'étude du discours péritextuel peut et devrait constituer un passage obligé pour chaque généticien. Qu'il s'agisse d'une préface ou d'une postface, qu'elle soit autographe ou allographe, elle peut en dire long du processus d'écriture et des relations entre les écrivains. Les exemples à l'appui (deux postfaces de M. Dib et une préface de L. Aragon) en font preuve.
Ta voix vit/Nous vivons : la genèse d’un poème d’Habib Tengour à l’aune de ses avant-textes
Authors: Sanson Hervé
Published: November 2015

Cet article entend proposer quelques pistes de réflexion sur le processus de genèse d’un poème de Habib Tengour, auteur algérien. L’analyse de différents avant-textes du poème « Ta voix vit/Nous vivons », à paraître dans la revue Po&sie, permet de mettre en valeur un certain nombre de spécificités de cette écriture.
L’immobilité dans la circulation : entre composante de l’économie domestique et mode de gestion politique
Authors: Imbert Christophe
Published: November 2015

Ma réflexion part d’une critique de la notion de circulation menée à l’occasion du projet Mobilités entre métropoles Européennes et Reconfiguration des Espaces de Vie (MEREV), financé par l’Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) dans le cadre du « Programme blanc 2007-2010 ». Les principaux partenaires du projet étaient l’UMR Géographie-cités - qui a assuré son pilotage scientifique sous la responsabilité de Nadine Cattan — l’UMR Migrinter et l’Université Libre de Bruxelles.
La fabrique de l’immobilité. Réflexion critique à partir de travaux d’enquête menés à Dakar (Sénégal)
Authors: Lessault David
Published: November 2015

Dans le cadre de l’introduction à ces journées, je propose une réflexion critique menée à partir de mon expérience de recherche : une série de travaux conduits sur Dakar qui s’appuient pour l’essentiel sur des programmes d’enquêtes socio-démographiques réalisés au Sénégal.
Les rapports mobilité/immobilité dans le cas de situations résidentielles spécifiques : retours et perspectives de recherche
Authors: Bergeon Céline
Published: November 2015

Cette présentation s’articule autour d’une discussion entre deux catégories de l’habitat – qui sont supposées introduire de l’« instabilité résidentielle » – et la place de l’immobilité dans cette apparente et présupposée mobilité. Elle se nourrit d’une analyse faite dans le cadre de ma thèse portant sur la mobilité des Gens du voyage en France et en Belgique, ainsi que sur les questionnements élaborés dans le cadre de mes recherches post-doctorales. Enfin, la question des limites méthodologiques est traitée en dernière partie, à partir d’une réflexion sur les catégories (de personnes et de pratiques) pré-établies qui peuvent orienter le recueil de données.
Mobilité des enfants et des jeunes sous conditions d’immobilité ?
Authors: Depeau Sandrine
Published: November 2015

La question de la mobilité des enfants est discutée ici sous l’angle de la dialectique « mobilité – immobilité » posée par ces journées d’étude. Un tel point de vue invite à considérer autrement la place, le rôle, les fonctions et les valeurs de la mobilité dans la société d’aujourd’hui. En effet, interroger les déplacements au regard de l’immobilité oblige à poser d’emblée la diversité des acceptions terminologiques et le sens des mobilités. Dans quel registre nous situons-nous ? Celui du spatial, celui du social, celui de l’activité, celui des valeurs, celui des désirs ou des représentations, etc. ? Que peut révéler l’entrée par l’immobilité sur le processus de mobilité des enfants ?
Mobilité et immobilité dans le cadre du placement des adolescents, des usages de l’espace en tension
Authors: Guy Fleur
Published: November 2015

L’hébergement et la prise en charge d’un enfant ou d’un adolescent hors de son domicile familial, dans le cadre d’une mesure de placement, implique avant tout un déplacement dans l’espace. L’étude des modalités et effets de ce déplacement (à moyen et long termes) a donné lieu à plusieurs travaux sur les parcours de placement et les itinéraires des individus au sein du dispositif de prise en charge. Les « parcours de placement » analysés par Émilie Potin montrent ainsi la diversité des configurations possibles. La distinction entre « enfants placés », « enfants déplacés » et « enfants replacés », témoigne de parcours résidentiels où la prise en charge en famille d’accueil peut alterner avec des retours au domicile familial (Potin, 2009).
Réflexions sur quelques méthodes quantitatives de collecte et d’analyse de la circulation et de l’immobilité
Authors: Le Roux Guillaume
Published: November 2015

Cet article présente quelques réflexions sur la collecte et l’analyse de circulations et d’immobilités d’individus et de groupes sociaux. Comme le montrent les différents articles de ce numéro d’e-migrinter mais aussi d’autres travaux sur les mobilités spatiales (voir l’introduction de Françoise Dureau dans ce numéro), la circulation d’individus entre plusieurs lieux peut relever de logiques individuelles comme de logiques de groupes. La circulation est entendue de manière large, comme la pratique répétée de deux ou plusieurs lieux, quelle que soit l’échelle spatiale et temporelle, c’est-à-dire de la circulation internationale aux déplacements quotidiens (Zelinsky, 1971). Le lieu n’est pas considéré purement du point de vue de la localisation géographique mais comme une fonction. Par exemple, la pratique répétée d’un déplacement entre la ville de résidence principale d’un individu et d’autres villes, qui répondent toutes à une même fonction pour l’individu (par exemple une recherche de ressources complémentaires à son activité principale), peut être considérée comme une circulation entre deux lieux.
Les statistiques des migrations africaines : ni exode, ni invasion
Authors: Beauchemin Cris , Lessault David
Published: November 2015

Les migrations africaines d’origine subsaharienne occupent aujourd’hui une place dominante dans les discours politiques et médiatiques portant sur l’immigration. En 2005, les images de migrants prenant d’assaut la « forteresse Europe » – l’expression, surtout utilisée dans la presse ou les documents qui émanent d’ONG, désigne l’Europe de Shengen en faisant explicitement référence à sa politique de contrôle des frontières – en tentant de traverser les barrières qui séparent le Maroc des deux enclaves espagnoles de Ceuta et Melilla ont frappé les esprits. Et depuis, les mesures politiques, policières et diplomatiques se sont succédées en France et en Europe pour cibler les priorités d’action sur l’Afrique et la Méditerranée : la mise en place en 2005 de l’Agence Frontex (Agence européenne pour la gestion de la coopération opérationnelle aux frontières extérieures des États membres de l’Union européenne) symbolise bien la volonté de protection des frontières extérieures de l’Union européenne (UE) de ce que certains qualifient d’une véritable « invasion africaine » (de Haas, 2008).
Staging Bruno’s Scripted Emblems: Anti-Petrarchism and Mannerism in Love’s Labour’s Lost
Authors: Eriksen Roy
Published: November 2015

Among the several works in Italian vernacular that Giordano Bruno surreptitiously printed during his stay in London in1583-85, De gli eroici furori is the work that exerted the greatest impact on Elizabethan contemporary poets and dramatists. Ideas and emblems presented in the works of “the mad priest of the sun” (in Robert Greene’s phrase) crop up in the plays and poetry of Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Andrew Marvell in particular. In Love’s Labour’s Lost Shakespeare seizes on Bruno’s extreme anti-Petrarchism and mannerist techniques in his critique of the little academe of courtiers who reject love and break their vows. He playfully reworks Bruno’s use of the Neo-Platonist principle of infolding in the moral dialogue, which the philosopher-poet had already successfully adapted in a dramatic form in Il Candelaio, one of the best examples of Italian commedia erudita (1583). When Shakespeare creates his own version of this critique in a comic setting, he transforms the philosopher-poet’s procession of lovers under the influence of heroic frenzy (furore eroico) and provides one of the earliest examples of an active use of emblems on the Elizabethan stage. In Shakespeare’s unconventional and melancholy comedy, the main butt of this tongue-in-cheek treatment is Giordano Bruno’s namesake, Berowne.
Le catastrophisme écologique contre la démocratie
Authors: Chollet Antoine , Felli Romain
Published: November 2015

Il s’agit dans cet article d’interroger le régime temporel spécifique associé au catastrophisme écologique, et en particulier dans sa variante climatique. Nous cherchons à montrer que les images du futur qui sont utilisées dans les discours catastrophistes, que nous décrivons et dont nous analysons les différentes formes, produisent des positions politiques antidémocratiques. Dès lors, nous plaidons pour leur remplacement par une autre conception du futur, de la temporalité, et du temps lui-même dont nous esquissons les contours sur un plan théorique. Il ne s’agit nullement pour nous de contester la profondeur des crises écologiques que le monde expérimente actuellement, mais au contraire, en les ramenant dans le présent d’une part, et en montrant leur multiplicité contradictoire d’autre part, d’en faire prendre la mesure réelle. C’est ainsi que la possibilité d’une politique démocratique des rapports socio-écologiques peut être comprise.
L’articulation des temporalités dans une décision négociée : la construction d’une aire protégée
Authors: Tilbeurgh Véronique Van
Published: November 2015

Les recherches sur les dispositifs environnementaux ont montré la place importante prise par la négociation dans l’élaboration des prescriptions environnementales. Ces négociations confrontent des acteurs sociaux porteurs de différentes façons de connaître l’environnement qui renvoient à des rapports aux temps dissemblables. L’objectif de l’article est de questionner la façon dont ces rapports aux temps s’articulent dans les négociations. Fondée sur les « régimes d’historicité » définis par F. Hartog (2003), l’analyse montre comment des connaissances s’appuyant sur l’expérience passée et d’autres fondées sur une anticipation de dangers s’articulent dans les négociations pour construire un rapport au temps de référence. Ce rapport au temps de référence, qui construit des inégalités entre les connaissances des négociateurs, est élaboré à partir de marginalisations, d’exclusions et de traductions de connaissances. La relation spécifique au milieu naturel qu’il construit est analysée à travers la place de l’incertitude dans les connaissances mobilisées comme dans sa prise en charge pratique dans les plans de gestion. Les négociations étudiées se sont déroulées en Bretagne (France) et concernent la création d’une aire protégée ou des dispositifs de restauration de la qualité de l’eau.
Biomedical Image Processing Overview
Authors: Mannai Monia Mannai , Karâa Wahiba Ben Abdessalem
Published: November 2015

Over the years, there are different sorts of medical imaging have been developed. Where the most known are: X-ray, computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine imaging (PET, SPECT), ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), each one has its different utilities. Various studies in biomedical informatics present a process to analyze images for extracting the hidden information which can be used after that. Image analysis combines several fields that are classified into two categories; the process of low-level, that requires very little information about the content image and the process of high-level, which may need information about the image content. The topic of this chapter is to introduce the different techniques for medical image processing and to present many research studies in this domain. It includes four stages, firstly, we introduce the most important medical imaging modalities and secondly, we outline the main process of biomedical image.
Compressed Sensing and Its Application in CT and EEG
Authors: Saha Sajib , Tahtali Murat
Published: November 2015

Compressed sensing, also known as compressive sampling is a new technique being rapidly developed over the last few years. The theory states that when some prior information about the signal is available and appropriately incorporated into the signal reconstruction procedure, a signal can be accurately reconstructed even if the Shannon/ Nyquest sampling requirement is violated. The key idea of compressed sensing is to recover a sparse signal from very few non-adaptive, linear measurements by optimization technique. Following the discovery by Donoho in (2006), that sparsity could enable exact solution of ill-posed problems under certain conditions, there has been a tremendous growth on efficient application of sparsity constraints for solving ill-posed problems. The theoretical foundation of compressed sensing has already become a key concept in various areas of applied mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering. In this chapter we will detail the application of compressed sensing in X-ray computed tomography (CT) and Electroencephalography. Starting from the very basic principles we will provide theoretical justifications on why and how sparsity prior is used in CT and in EEG.
Computational Intelligence-Based Cell Nuclei Segmentation from Pap Smear Images
Authors: Balakrishnan Savitha , Parthasarathy Subashini , Marimuthu Krishnaveni
Published: November 2015

Automated Segmentation of cell nuclei in Pap smear images plays an important role in the cervical cancer cell analysis systems to make a correct diagnosis decision. The aim of this chapter is to detail about the variety of computational intelligence and image processing approaches developed and used for the nuclei segmentation. In additional, the threshold based segmentation problem is treated as an optimization problem with an objective of preserving both the size and volume of the cell nuclei and also to segment the nuclei region from the original microscopic Pap smear image with the help of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony Optimization techniques (ACO). Experimental results are shown, compared in quantitative and qualitative manner as well as the main advantages and limitations of each algorithm are explained.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Biological Systems
Authors: Priya Prerna , Kesheri Minu , Sinha Rajeshwar P. , Kanchan Swarna
Published: November 2015

Molecular dynamics simulation is an important tool to capture the dynamicity of biological molecule and the atomistic insights. These insights are helpful to explore biological functions. Molecular dynamics simulation from femto seconds to milli seconds scale give a large ensemble of conformations that can reveal many biological mysteries. The main focus of the chapter is to throw light on theories, requirement of molecular dynamics for biological studies and application of molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular dynamics simulations are widely used to study protein-protein interaction, protein-ligand docking, effects of mutation on interactions, protein folding and flexibility of the biological molecules. This chapter also deals with various methods/algorithms of protein tertiary structure prediction, their strengths and weaknesses.
Data Extrapolation via Curve Modeling in Analyzing Risk
Authors: Jakóbczak Dariusz Jacek
Published: November 2015

Risk analysis needs suitable methods of data extrapolation and decision making. Proposed method of Hurwitz-Radon Matrices (MHR) can be used in extrapolation and interpolation of curves in the plane. For example quotations from the Stock Exchange, the market prices or rate of a currency form a curve. This chapter contains the way of data anticipation and extrapolation via MHR method and decision making: to buy or not, to sell or not. Proposed method is based on a family of Hurwitz-Radon (HR) matrices. The matrices are skew-symmetric and possess columns composed of orthogonal vectors. The operator of Hurwitz-Radon (OHR), built from these matrices, is described. Two-dimensional data are represented by the set of curve points. It is shown how to create the orthogonal and discrete OHR and how to use it in a process of data foreseeing and extrapolation. MHR method is interpolating and extrapolating the curve point by point without using any formula or function.
The Method of Probabilistic Nodes Combination in Decision Making and Risk Analysis
Authors: Jakóbczak Dariusz Jacek
Published: November 2015

Proposed method, called Probabilistic Nodes Combination (PNC), is the method of 2D curve interpolation and extrapolation using the set of key points (knots or nodes). Nodes can be treated as characteristic points of data for modeling and analyzing. The model of data can be built by choice of probability distribution function and nodes combination. PNC modeling via nodes combination and parameter ? as probability distribution function enables value anticipation in risk analysis and decision making. Two-dimensional curve is extrapolated and interpolated via nodes combination and different functions as discrete or continuous probability distribution functions: polynomial, sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, logarithm, exponent, arc sin, arc cos, arc tan, arc cot or power function. Novelty of the paper consists of two generalizations: generalization of previous MHR method with various nodes combinations and generalization of linear interpolation with different (no basic) probability distribution functions and nodes combinations.
A Different Way to Look at Random Variables
Authors: Castagnoli Erio , De Donno Marzia , Favero Gino , Modesti Paola
Published: November 2015

A classical problem in Decision Theory is to represent a preference preorder among random variables. The fundamental Debreu's Theorem states that, in the discrete case, a preference satisfies the so-called Sure Thing Principle if and only if it can be represented by means of a function that can be additively decomposed along the states of the world where the random variables are defined. Such a representation suggests that every discrete random variable may be seen as a “histogram” (union of rectangles), i.e., a set. This approach leads to several fruitful consequences, both from a theoretical and an interpretative point of view. Moreover, an immediate link can be found with another alternative approach, according to which a decision maker sorts random variables depending on their probability of outperforming a given benchmark. This way, a unified approach for different points of view may be achieved.
Multi-Attribute Decision Making in Risk Analysis
Authors: Fox William P.
Published: November 2015

Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) is commonly used when we are comparing more than two courses of actions or alternatives based upon many selected criteria. This chapter presents methodologies to conduct MADM analysis for risk analysis and risk assessment across a variety of topics. These methodologies include Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The author describes each methodology, provide some strengths and limitations of each, discuss tips for sensitivity analysis, and provide two risk analysis examples to illustrate each method.
A Study of Different Color Segmentation Techniques for Crop Bunch in Arecanut
Authors: S Siddesha , Niranjan S K , Manjunath Aradhya V N
Published: November 2015

Arecanut is an important cash crop of India and ranks first in the production. Arecanut crop bunch segmentation plays very vital role in the process of harvesting. Work on arecanut crop bunch segmentation is of first kind in the literature and this chapter mainly focuses on exploring different color segmentation techniques such as Thresholding, K-means clustering, Fuzzy C Means (FCM), Fast Fuzzy C Means clustering (FFCM), Watershed and Maximum Similarity based Region Merging (MSRM). The effectiveness of the segmentation methods are evaluated on our own collection of Arecanut image dataset of size 200.
Cryptographic Techniques Based on Bio-Inspired Systems
Authors: Anghelescu Petre
Published: November 2015

In this chapter, bio-inspired techniques based on the cellular automata (CAs) and programmable cellular automata (PCAs) theory are used to develop information security systems. The proposed cryptosystem is composed from a combination of a CA as a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) and a PCA that construct the ciphering functions of the designed enciphering scheme. It is presented how simple elements named „cells” interact between each other using certain rules and topologies to form a larger system that can be used to encrypt/decrypt data sent over network communication systems. The proposed security system was implemented in hardware in FPGA devices of type Spartan 3E – XC3S500E and was analyzed and verified, including NIST statistical tests, to assure that the system has good security and high speed. The experimental results proves that the cryptographic techniques based on bio-inspired algorithms provides an alternative to the conventional techniques (computational methods).
Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Wong Ka-Chun
Published: November 2015

Inspired from nature, evolutionary algorithms have been proven effective and unique in different real world applications. Comparing to traditional algorithms, its parallel search capability and stochastic nature enable it to excel in search performance in a unique way. In this chapter, evolutionary algorithms are reviewed and discussed from concepts and designs to applications in bioinformatics. The history of evolutionary algorithms is first discussed at the beginning. An overview on the state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm concepts is then provided. Following that, the related design and implementation details are discussed on different aspects: representation, parent selection, reproductive operators, survival selection, and fitness function. At the end of this chapter, real world evolutionary algorithm applications in bioinformatics are reviewed and discussed.
Discovering Behavioural Patterns within Customer Population by using Temporal Data Subsets
Authors: Klepac Goran
Published: November 2015

Chapter represents discovering behavioural patterns within non-temporal and temporal data subsets related to customer churn. Traditional approach, based on using conventional data mining techniques, is not a guarantee for discovering valuable patterns, which could be useful for decision support. Business case, as a part of the text, illustrates such type of situation, where an additional data set has been chosen for finding useful patterns. Chosen data set with temporal characteristics was the key factor after applying REFII model on it, for finding behavioural customer patterns and for understanding causes of the increasing churn trends within observed portfolio. Text gives a methodological framework for churn problem solution, from customer value calculation, to developing predictive churn model, as well as using additional data sources in a situation where conventional approaches in churn analytics do not provide enough information for qualitative decision support. Revealed knowledge was a base for better understanding of customer needs and expectations.
Hybrid Intelligence for Smarter Networking Operations
Authors: Mokhtar Bassem Mahmoud , Eltoweissy Mohamed
Published: November 2015

The ever-growing and ever-evolved Internet targets supporting billions of networked entities to provide a wide variety of services and resources. Such complexity results in network-data from different sources with special characteristics, such as widely diverse users, multiple media, high-dimensionality and various dynamic concerns. With huge amounts of network-data with such characteristics, there are significant challenges to a) recognize emergent and anomalous behavior in network-traffic and b) make intelligent decisions for efficient network operations. Endowing the semantically-oblivious Internet with Intelligence would advance the Internet capability to learn traffic behavior and to predict future events. In this chapter, the authors discuss and evaluate the hybridization of monolithic intelligence techniques in order to achieve smarter and enhanced networking operations. Additionally, the authors provide systematic application-agnostic semantics management methodology with efficient processes for extracting and classifying high-level features and reasoning about rich semantics.
Multilevel and Color Image Segmentation by NSGA II Based OptiMUSIG Activation Function
Authors: De Sourav , Bhattacharyya Siddhartha , Chakraborty Susanta
Published: November 2015

A self-supervised image segmentation method by a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) based optimized MUSIG (OptiMUSIG) activation function with a multilayer self-organizing neural network (MLSONN) architecture is proposed to segment multilevel gray scale images. In the same way, another NSGA-II based parallel version of the OptiMUSIG (ParaOptiMUSIG) activation function with a parallel self-organizing neural network (PSONN) architecture is purported to segment the color images in this article. These methods are intended to overcome the drawback of their single objective based counterparts. Three standard objective functions are employed as the multiple objective criteria of the NSGA-II algorithm to measure the quality of the segmented images.
Optimum Gray Level Image Thresholding using a Quantum Inspired Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Dey Sandip , Bhattacharyya Siddhartha , Maulik Ujjwal
Published: November 2015

In this article, a genetic algorithm inspired by quantum computing is presented. The novel algorithm referred to as quantum inspired genetic algorithm (QIGA) is applied to determine optimal threshold of two gray level images. Different random chaotic map models exhibit the inherent interference operation in collaboration with qubit and superposition of states. The random interference is followed by three different quantum operators viz., quantum crossover, quantum mutation and quantum shifting produce population diversity. Finally, the intermediate states pass through the quantum measurement for optimization of image thresholding. In the proposed algorithm three evaluation metrics such as Brinks's, Kapur's and Pun's algorithms have been applied to two gray level images viz., Lena and Barbara. These algorithms have been applied in conventional GA and Han et al.'s QEA. A comparative study has been made between the proposed QIGA, Han et al.'s algorithm and conventional GA that indicates encouraging avenues of the proposed QIGA.
Application of Meta-Models (MPMR and ELM) for Determining OMC, MDD and Soaked CBR Value of Soil
Authors: Shah Vishal Shreyans , Shah Henyl Rakesh , Samui Pijush
Published: November 2015

This chapter examines the capability of Minimax Probability Machine Regression (MPMR) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) for prediction of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and Soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of soil. These algorithms can analyse data and recognize patterns and are proved to be very useful for problems pertaining to classification and regression analysis. These regression models are used for prediction of OMC and MDD using Liquid limit (LL) and Plastic limit (PL) as input parameters. Whereas Soaked CBR is predicted using Liquid limit, Plastic limit, OMC and MDD as input parameters. The predicted values obtained from the MPMR and ELM models have been compared with that obtained from Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The accuracy of MPMR and ELM models, their performance and their reliability with respect to ANN models has also been evaluated.
A Novel Fuzzy Anomaly Detection Algorithm Based on Hybrid PSO-Kmeans in Content-Centric Networking
Authors: Karami Amin
Published: November 2015

In Content-Centric Networks (CCNs) as a promising network architecture, new kinds of anomalies will arise. Usually, clustering algorithms would fit the requirements for building a good anomaly detection system. K-means is a popular anomaly detection method; however, it suffers from the local convergence and sensitivity to selection of the cluster centroids. This chapter presents a novel fuzzy anomaly detection method that works in two phases. In the first phase, authors propose an hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and K-means algorithm with two simultaneous cost functions as well-separated clusters and local optimization to determine the optimal number of clusters. When the optimal placement of clusters centroids and objects are defined, it starts the second phase. In this phase, the authors employ a fuzzy approach by the combination of two distance-based methods as classification and outlier to detect anomalies in new monitoring data. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can yield high accuracy as compared to preexisting algorithms.
Cluster Based Medical Image Registration Using Optimized Neural Network
Authors: Hazra Joydev , Chowdhury Aditi Roy , Dutta Paramartha
Published: November 2015

Registration of medical images like CT-MR, MR-MR etc. are challenging area for researchers. This chapter introduces a new cluster based registration technique with help of the supervised optimized neural network. Features are extracted from different cluster of an image obtained from clustering algorithms. To overcome the drawback regarding convergence rate of neural network, an optimized neural network is proposed in this chapter. The weights are optimized to increase the convergence rate as well as to avoid stuck in local minima. Different clustering algorithms are explored to minimize the clustering error of an image and extract features from suitable one. The supervised learning method applied to train the neural network. During this training process an optimization algorithm named Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to update the weights of a neural network. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, investigation is carried out on MR T1, T2 data sets. The proposed method shows convincing results in comparison with other existing techniques.
Multiobjective Optimization in Water and Environmental Systems Management- MODE Approach
Authors: Manne Janga Reddy
Published: November 2015

Many real world problems are characterized by multiple goals, often conflicting in nature and compete with one another. Multi-objective optimization problems (MOOPs) require the simultaneous optimization of several non-commensurable and conflicting objectives. In the past, several studies have used conventional approaches to solve the MOOPs by adopting weighted approach or constrained approach, which may face difficulties while generating Pareto optimal solutions, if optimal solution lies on non-convex or disconnected regions of the objective function space. An effective algorithm should have an ability to learn from earlier performance to direct proper selection of weights for further evolutions. To achieve these goals, multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have become effective means in recent past, which can generate a population of solutions in each iteration and offer a set of alternatives in a single run. This chapter presents an effective MOEA, namely multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) for problems of solving water, environmental systems.
Simulation-Based Approaches for Ecological Niche Modelling
Authors: Chakraborty Anusheema , Joshi P K
Published: November 2015

Over recent years, many modelling approaches have been used to map and monitor both present and potential distribution of species in the context of ecological niche-based conservation, especially in the face of global environmental change. Using different statistical techniques in a built-in geographic information system (GIS), the development of predictive species distribution models has extensively increased. This chapter introduces a geospatial reference to simulation-based approaches of ecological niche models. The chapter discusses various environmental modeling tools and simulation models available in open source domain used by scientific communities. As an effort of this chapter, we focus on the potential of using such experimental models for large-scale ecosystem modelling studies, highlighting opportunities of research, for a variety of bio-geographical applications. It would serve as a basis for beginners in ecology exploring this field of research, who can further contribute and develop such models to better understand the complex field of ecosystem studies.
Liquefaction Modelling of Granular Soils using Discrete Element Method
Authors: Satyam Neelima
Published: November 2015

The damage induced by seismic events is well known among the civil engineering, geological and seismological community. Seismologists and geologists who study this hazard at a deeper level are concerned more with the history and cause of earthquake events rather than their effects. When seismic energy is released during an earthquake it passes from the bedrock, then through the soil and to the sub structure through which it is transmitted to the superstructure. Liquefaction phenomenon is a consequence of earthquake induced pore water pressure in the soil due to this released energy. Various deterministic and probabilistic based methods have been developed in the recent past after various case histories. It is crucial to understand the performance of critical structures such as pipelines, road networks, nuclear reactors etc during liquefaction. The current chapter majorly focuses on the liquefaction assessment using numerical modeling.
Reliability Design of Footings in Cohesionless Soils using Soft Computing Metamodelings
Authors: Goh Anthony T. C. , Zhang Wengang
Published: November 2015

An extensive database of full-scale field load tests was used to build predictive models to determine the bearing capacity of footings under axial compression in cohesionless soils. Based on this database, soft computing techniques, i.e., the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and artificial neural networks (ANN) are adopted for comparison for surrogate model building on bearing capacity. The performances of the two computing techniques are compared. A reliability-based design of footings was then presented. It allows one to obtain the probability that the ultimate limit state was exceeded for a given soil variability.
Simulation of Temperature and Precipitation under the Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Okkan Umut , Inan Gul
Published: November 2015

This study aims to discuss the potentials of machine learning methods such as artificial neural network (ANN), least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), and relevance vector machine (RVM) in downscaling of simulations of a general circulation model (GCM) for monthly temperature and precipitation of the Demirkopru Dam located in the Aegean region of Turkey. The predictors are obtained from ERA-Interim re-analysis data. The best performed downscaling model is integrated into European Centre Hamburg Model (ECHAM5) with A2 future scenario. The results are then discussed to assess the probable climate change effects on temperature and precipitation.
Variable Significance in the Determination of Friction Factor in Alluvial Channel
Authors: B Kumar , G Sreenivasulu
Published: November 2015

The problem of predicting flow resistance in alluvial channels with sufficient accuracy is of great interest to hydraulic engineers. As the process is extremely complex, getting deterministic or analytical form of process phenomena is too difficult. Neural network modeling (ANN), which is particularly useful in modeling processes about which adequate knowledge of the physics is limited, is presented here as a tool complimentary to predict the complex non-linear relationship between the friction factor of an alluvial channel and its influencing factors. Friction factor comprises of different hydraulic and geometric parameters. Hence it is important to know the influences of these parameters on friction factor. Based on the input significant techniques through ANN model, it has been found that flow velocity influences more friction factor. The least influencing parameter is channel width. This shows the importance of determining the flow velocity more correctly.
A Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Method Based on Firefly Algorithm and Krill Herd
Authors: Wang Gai-Ge , Gandomi Amir H. , Alavi Amir H. , Dong Yong-Quan
Published: November 2015

This study proposes a new firefly-inspired krill herd (FKH) optimization method based on integration of firefly and krill herd algorithms. FKH introduces an attractiveness and light intensity updating (ALIU) operator originally used in firefly algorithm into the krill herd method. This is basically done to improve local search technique and promote the diversity of the population to avoid a premature convergence. Moreover, an elitism strategy is adopted to maintain the optimal krill with the best fitness when updating the krill. The performance of the FKH method is verified using fifteen different benchmark functions. The results indicate that FKH performs more accurate and effective than the basic krill herd and other optimization algorithms.
Social Media in E-Governance
Authors: Banday Mohammad Tariq
Published: November 2015

Social media has enormous prospectus to expand the usage of Internet and to realize full benefits of e-Governance by promoting, intensifying, improving and monitoring its offered services at reduced costs, increasing citizen usage of e-Services and e-Participation, posting job advertisements, announcing and marketing events, and seeking public feedback, opinion, cooperation and collaborate across its geographically diverse citizens and thus increase transparency and trust on government. However, at the same time using social media in e-Governance may impose diverse challenges which unless are not adequately addressed to, may hamper its successful integration with e-Governance. This chapter highlights the prospectus of social media and its current usage in e-Governance in India. It discusses the potential issues especially issues related to security and privacy of individuals, employees, infrastructure and data that may limit its benefits in e-Governance. It examines and compares social media policy of government of India with similar guidelines of some other nations in terms of employee's access, account management, acceptable use, employee conduct, content, security, legal issues and citizen conduct besides discussing emerging mobility and mobile social media policy of government of India and enumerates their merits, demerits and scope for further improvements.
Influence of Pre-Strain and Simulated Paint-Bake on Mechanical Properties of High Strength Aluminum Alloy AA7020
Authors: Merklein Marion , Degner Julia
Published: November 2015

In modern car bodies lightweight structures are used to achieve a reduction of energy consumption and CO2-emissions. One of the most important lightweight materials is aluminum and its alloys. Current state of the art in automotive industry is utilizing precipitation hardenable aluminum alloys of the 6000 series whereas the crash-relevant strength is achieved by artificial ageing during the paint drying process. Due to newly developed coatings which provide faster curing at lower temperatures, post-forming ageing of the 6xxx alloys to satisfactory strength levels becomes more difficult. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of employing high strength aluminum alloys of the 7000 series in order to reduce artificial ageing time and temperature while keeping required strength. Within this contribution, the influence of pre-straining and subsequent heat treatment on mechanical properties will be presented.
Numerical Investigations on the Influence of Process Parameters on the Forming of Gears in Forward Extrusion
Authors: Merklein Marion , Kiener Christoph , Reiss Andrea
Published: November 2015

The manufacturing of steel gears by cold forging can be realized by using the so called Samanta process. The present study focuses on the one hand on the FE based analysis of the forming of gears in forward extrusion and on the other hand on the modelling of a Samanta process, using the software Simufact.forming. Thereby the influence of different tool geometries and the tribological conditions on the forming are investigated. The aim is to obtain a basic understanding of the material flow and the filling of the tooth cavity depending on the geometry of the Samanta process. For the investigations the common heat-treatable steel 1.7131 (16MnCr5) was used. As an input parameter for the simulation the true stress-true strain curve of the material has been determined within compression tests. For the analysis of the forming the material flow into the cavities and the shape of the tooth flanks are evaluation criteria. Thus the influence of the different parameters on the distribution of equivalent plastic strain, the forming and the reachable accuracy have been investigated.
Influence of Surface Structured Filler Wires on Laser Beam Welding of Copper Alloys
Authors: Mann Vincent , Gärtner Fabian , Hugger Florian , Hofmann Konstantin , Tenner Felix , Roth Stephan
Published: November 2015

Compared to steel, the required amount of energy for conventional welding of copper is higher, due to its higher thermal conductivity. This problem is mainly solved by preheating the work pieces or welding processes with high intensities such as laser beam welding. As the absorption of copper for infrared wavelengths, which are commonly used in industrial applications today, is typically low, the energy efficiency of the laser welding process is low. Besides this, if filler wires are used in order to increase the bridgeable width of joining gaps, the energy consumption of the process is further increased due to the additional amount of energy required to melt the filler material.As roughened surfaces of copper parts are known to increase absorption and consequently energy efficiency of laser beam welding without filler wires, this paper investigates the influence of surface structured filler wires on laser beam welding of copper alloys. Thus, the correlation between knurling geometries, absorption, molten volume and the welding result is investigated. For this reason, the welding result is evaluated by means of geometrical, electrical and mechanical weld seam properties e.g. seam width, weld reinforcement, area of cross-section, electrical resistance, tensile strength and strain.
Energy Efficiency Analysis of Vapor Phase Soldering Technology through Exergy-Based Metric
Authors: Esfandyari Alireza , Syed-Khaja Aarief , Horvath Mark , Franke Jörg
Published: November 2015

In electronics production, the condensation based soldering technologies are known for reproducible solder profiles and efficient heat transfer methodology. The recent advancements in lead-free soldering and requirements for absolute void-free interconnections to increase the reliability and lifetime of the product needs optimization of the soldering process. The vacuum assisted vapor phase soldering process addresses the requirements with respect to mass production and parallelly resource efficient production which is also the motivation for the present work. This study is devoted to quantify the resource consumption and qualify this consumption through exergy flows in a vacuum vapor phase reflow soldering technology in electronics manufacturing.The analysis implies on the saving potential for energy consumption specifically during the vacuum process which also defines the void reduction quality of solder joints. Exergy efficiency analysis of a temperature profile depicts the influence of the materials used in the demonstrator. Shortening the production lead‑time, and increasing the production rate increase the efficiency of exergy and prevents wastage of usable energy. Furthermore, the set-up improvements for the temperature profiles processes are necessary, and the changes toward developing new, transformational technologies in pre-heating and vacuum zones are mandatory if a high efficiency of resources used is aimed.