bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Strategi Marketing Dimasa Pandemi Usaha Kecil Dan Menengah “Usaha Krupuk Super Ikan Laut Mandiri” Cisadap Ciamis, Jawa Barat
Authors: Dewi Eka Kusuma , Muliyani Muliyani , Kwartarani Yunita , Purwatiningsih Purwatiningsih , Ambarita Dinar
Published: October 2021

Kami melaksanakan kegiatan Pengabdian dengan 3 tahapan, yaitu penyuluhan perkembangan penjualan e-commerce dan pentingnya  pembagian tugas, diskusi mengenai kendala yang dihadapi dan pendampingan  pembuatan media penjualan online serta penyusunan struktur organisasi. Setelah mengikuti pelatihan, Usaha kerupuk Super Ikan Laut Mandiri mengalami kemajuan cukup pesat penjualan nya dengan metode online, sistem kerja juga lebih efektif dan efisien dengan pembagian tugas yang baik. Saran kami agar industri ini terus up to dated tentang kemajuan teknologi terutama sistem penjualan saat ini dan terus ber inovasi mengembangkan produknya.Kata Kunci: Penjualan, Wewenang, Tugas, UKMWe carried out Community Service activities in 3 stages: counseling on the development of e-commerce sales and the importance of division of tasks, discussions about the obstacles faced, and assistance in making online sales media and preparing organizational structures. After attending the training, the business has progressed rapidly in its sales using the online method. The work system is also more effective and efficient with a good division of tasks. Our advice is to keep this industry up to date on technological advances, especially the current sales system, and continue to innovate to develop their products.Keywords: Sales, Authority, Duties, SMEs
Actions de soins infirmiers en soins primaires compte tenu des risques d’hypertension pendant la grossesse
Authors: Adrião Iracely Santos , Barbosa Marluce Sampaio Nobre
Published: October 2021

La prééclampsie se présente comme l’un des syndromes hypertenseurs qui peuvent affecter les femmes pendant la grossesse, pendant l’accouchement et/ou dans la période post-partum jusqu’à 10 jours, de sorte qu’il s’agit toujours d’une pathologie qui, lorsqu’elle n’est pas correctement diagnostiquée et traitée, peut causer de grands dommages et même entraîner la mort de la femme enceinte et/ou parturiente. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de connaître la prévention de la prééclampsie en soins primaires par les soins infirmiers. Par conséquent, la question suivante est: quelles sont les actions infirmières en soins primaires face aux risques d’hypertension pendant la grossesse? Le présent travail est basé sur une recherche bibliographique, avec une approche qualitative réalisée à travers la méthode de la revue intégrative. Pour collecter les données, une enquête a été menée dans les bases de données: Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scielo et Medline. Les descripteurs utilisés étaient les suivantes: Risques. Gestation. Hypertension. Allaitement. Les critères d’inclusion utilisés pour la sélection de l’échantillon étaient les suivants: articles disponibles publiés électroniquement de 2015 à 2020; langue portugaise. Les critères d’exclusion étaient les articles inférieurs à 2015 et les mots-clés qui ne sont pas liés au thème. Pour l’analyse complète des articles sélectionnés, une plate-forme en ligne (recherche dans les bases de données) a été utilisée, dans le but d’extraire (titre et objet des articles), d’organiser (sous forme de tableau), de résumer les informations et de faciliter la formation de la base de données. Les résultats ont indiqué que 35 articles ont été publiés, mais seulement 15 articles, au cours des cinq dernières années, ont pour thème principal la prévention et les risques de prééclampsie dans les soins primaires. Il est conclu que les principales conduites utilisées non seulement par les infirmières, mais par toute l’équipe travaillant dans les soins primaires, devraient être basées sur le processus d’accueil axé sur les actions qui peuvent être déterminantes dans la prévention de la prééclampsie.
ПЕРЕВАГИ СТРАТЕГІЇ ФОРМУВАННЯ РИЗИК-ОРІЄНТОВАНОЇ СИСТЕМИ НАКОПИЧУВАЛЬНОГО ПЕНСІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ
Authors: Ус Марина , Ачкасова Світлана
Published: October 2021

Одним з головних напрямів подолання соціальної напруженості в суспільстві виступає гідне пенсійне забезпечення, яке є одним із видів соціальних гарантій держави, що передбачене законодавством України. Незважаючи на трирівневу пенсійну систему – накопичувальне пенсійне забезпечення залишається уже тривалий час на стадії обговорення та розробок нормативно-правових актів. За таких умов виникає потреба в комплексному розгляді питання та визначенні напрямків реформування пенсійної системи та виявлення можливості використання ризик-орієнтованого підходу до стратегії формування системи накопичувального пенсійного забезпечення. У статті проаналізовано існуючі проблеми впровадження накопичувальної системи пенсійного забезпечення. Визначено основні переваги розробки та впровадження стратегії формування ризик-орієнтованої системи накопичувального пенсійного забезпечення.
ІГРОВЕ ДОЗВІЛЛЯ В УКРАЇНІ ЯК НАПРЯМ ФОЛЬКЛОРНОЇ АТРИБУЦІЇ У ФОНДАХ НБУВ
Authors: Дубровіна Ірина , Дерда Катерина
Published: October 2021

У статті досліджено історичні передумови розвитку ігрового дозвілля в Україні, яке відроджує традиційну обрядовість, відображає основи життєдіяльності селянства та духовних цінностей народної календарної звичаєвості. Окреслено проблематику вітчизняного ігрового дозвілля як напрям фольклорної атрибуції, що має багатовікову спадщину. Календарні звичаї і обряди українців формально узгоджувалися з річним літургійним циклом православної церкви, головними віхами якого були так звані дванадесяті свята і пости. Доведено, що високохудожні елементи календарних звичаїв знаходять своє сучасне життя у творчості професійних і самодіяльних артистів, використовуються у декоративно-прикладному і театральному мистецтві, продовжують існувати у повір’ях та особистих ставленнях людей як зразок історичної пам’яті народу.
УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ АМАТОРСЬКИЙ КІНЕМАТОГРАФ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО КУЛЬТУРНОГО ПРОСТОРУ
Authors: Максимов Євген , Лебєдєва Надія
Published: October 2021

Аматорське кіно стало особливим видом самодіяльної творчості, мета якої є кіноосвіта і кінопросвітницька робота, вплив через художні засоби кіномистецтва на свідоме сприйняття художніх творів, ознайомлення з його образною мовою. В ході нашого дослідження нами виявлено та проаналізовано друковані та електронні джерела, проглянуто значну кількість аматорських кіноробіт і вперше описано їх особливості під кутом зору мистецтвознавства. Розглянуто аматорське кіно як особливий вид самодіяльної творчості та описано тематичні та художньо-стильові особливості українських конкурсних кінофільмів XVI Міжнародного кінофестивалю аматорського кіно «Кінокімерія 2021». Аматорська кінотворчість потребує державної підтримки (фінансової, матеріально-технічної, інтелектуальної), що буде сприяти її розвитку як унікального феномену національної культури, самобутньої творчості та самореалізації учасників процесу кінотворчості.
ІСТОРИКО-ФІЛОСОФСЬКІ ТА СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ В КИЇВСЬКІЙ СВІТОГЛЯДНО-ГНОСЕОЛОГІЧНІЙ ШКОЛІ В ПЕРІОД РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ДОБИ (60–90 РР. ХХ СТ.)
Authors: Ярмоліцька Наталія , Москальчук Марина
Published: October 2021

В даному дослідженні розглянуто розвиток і становлення Київської світоглядно-гносеологічної школи. Визначення основних здобутків школи були здійснені на основі аналізу публікацій вчених, які були викладені на сторінках «Вісника Київського університету». Основна увага зосереджена на досить складному періоді існування школи в умовах тоталітарного режиму радянської влади. Для більш повної картини фундації та розвитку Київської світоглядно-гносеологічної школи було проаналізовано наукові уподобання вчених цієї школи, відстежено еволюцію тематичних напрямів публікацій. Це дало можливість зрозуміти наукові уподобання, вивчити тематичні переваги вчених, з’ясувати особливості публікацій і встановити їхній дійсний зміст і важливість наукових ідей для сучасної філософської та політологічної освіти і науки в Україні. Узагальнення та систематизація процесів інституалізації філософських та соціально-політичних досліджень, здійснених київськими вченими в радянський період, допомогло визначити феномен Київської світоглядно-гносеологічної школи, прослідкувати її становлення та розвиток.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ДЕКОРАТИВНОЇ КОСМЕТИКИ ДЛЯ ГУБ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕННІ СУДОВОЇ ТОВАРОЗНАВЧОЇ ЕКСПЕРТИЗИ
Authors: Улибіна Ліонелла , Гарбуз Марія
Published: October 2021

В Україні стан декоративної косметики для губ за останні роки на ринку спостерігає тенденцію з розширення асортименту, а також його модернізацію та осу¬часнення, тому необхідно зробити розгляд комплек¬сного визначення класифікації, представленого на сьогодні у товарознав¬стві. Дивлячись на це були розглянуті особливості класифікації сучасної декоративної косметики для губ, а також вимоги до їх матеріалів та сировини, мар¬кування символами, пакування та подальше зберігання, нормативно-технічна документація та її ви-моги щодо показників номенклатури якості виробів та їх застосування на декоративній косметиці для губ. Проведено аналіз асор¬тименту сучасної декоративної косметики для губ, яка з’явився на ринку за останні десять років. Досліджено вплив споживчих властивостей щодо асортиментного формування на ринку. Було висунуто пропозицію, щодо включення різновидів сучасної декоративної косметики для губ до загальної класифікації, щоб надалі судові експерти могли використовувати ці дані при проведенні судової товарознавчої експертизі.
Transformative Power of Stitchery: Sashiko from Cold Regions of Japan and Embroidery Work of the Nui Project
Authors: Wada Yoshiko Iwamoto
Published: October 2021

This paper seeks to reveal the transformative power of stitchery by examining textile practices in Japan and articulating how a threaded needle can be viewed as the co-agent of stitchers, infusing their materials with properties in a “processual” and relational manner that reflects the currents of their lifeworld.[1] I will contrast and compare two practices, one ancient and one modern, one responding to life’s necessities and the other simply to the act of stitching. In the ancient world, stitchery was essential for human survival, and later in rural Japan, sashiko stitchery was a medium that connected textiles with daily life, providing for functional and decorative needs. In modern Japan, the stitchery of members of the Nui Project sustains their sense of well-being, which has been observed by the facility staff as the state of “satisfaction or contentment without a goal” which will be elucidated further under the section on the Nui Project[2](Figure One). In both cases, the materials that result from the act of stitching are produced by the movement of hands, eyes, and a threaded needle on cloth. The expressions of stitchers in the two groups are very different though equally powerful in transforming their lives along with the materials they stitch. In the process, they embed cloth with threads that record their experience.
Cassimere: Hiding in Plain Sight
Authors: Hart Peggy
Published: October 2021

In the nineteenth century, cassimere was one of the most produced woolen fabrics in American mills. Cassimere appears in nineteenth century texts, as in George Cole’s Complete Dictionary of Dry Goods, first published in 1890. Cole describes cassimere as “the general term applied to that class of allwool cloths used for men’s clothing, woven either plain or twilled, coarse or fine of “woolen” yarn.” Cassimere is much in evidence in census reports of wool manufacture from 1837 to the early 1900s. It appears early in the twentieth century in the Thomas Register of American Manufacturers Buyers guide of 1905-06 under “Woolen goods” (after whistles, wigs, and witch hazel) and the Register lists at least 101 mills making cassimere at that time. But If you look for cassimere in the indexes of later fabric reference books, you will probably not find it, or if you do, as in the 1967 Dan River Mills Dictionary, it is defined as worsted suiting. Does this mean that it existed in the nineteenth century but is now gone? No, but it is hiding in plain sight today, mostly as a humble woolen twill. A simple draft was published in 1817 in Bronson’s Domestic Manufacturer’s Assistant, with later textile designers developing infinite variations. These included backed casssimeres, double cassimeres, diamond cassimere, Harris’s “double and twist” cassimere (using plied yarn in the warp), requiring anywhere from eight to thirty-two shafts. Fancy cassimere also included color effects such as pinwheel, houndstooth, and log cabin. Because it was not napped, the weave structure and color patterning showed clearly. Fashion moved on, and cassimere was eventually replaced by worsted and eventually synthetic fabrics. However, decades of inventiveness and the resulting trove of cassimere design ideas are still used by contemporary designers.
The Hidden Story of the Quilted Cover in the Benaki Museum Collection
Authors: Okumura Sumiyo
Published: October 2021

There is a big, green linen quilt cover, a so-called Mamluk quilt, in the collection of the Benaki Museum (Athens). It looks like a Mamluk cover in terms of colors and designs such as endless knots and flower motifs, but the emblem showing a double-headed eagle in the center of the cover is not the same as other Mamluk blazons. It raises the question of where and when this quilt cover was made. A similar type of linen textile, the so-called trapunto fiorentino, can be seen in a private collection in Florence. It shows similar motifs on the green-colored ground. Trapunto means “to quilt” in Italian, and it was made with a stuffed technique. The earliest surviving example of a tranpunto textile can be seen at the Victoria and Albert Museum (London) and the Bargello Museum (Florence). This linen quilt cover with scenes of the legend of Tristan and Isolde was made in Sicily, circa 1360-1400. Sicily was a famous weaving center under the Arab rulers. Sicilian fabrics labeled as “Siqili” were traded across Spain, Sicily, North Africa, Egypt, and Syria. Raw materials such as linen, cotton, and dyeing substances were imported to Sicily from Egypt and North Africa. After the thirteenth century, the weaving industry moved from Sicily to northern Italy. Fabrics made in Lucca, Florence, Genoa, and Venice were brought to the Levant together with other goods through maritime trade by the Genoese and the Venetians in the eastern Mediterranean. This paper will shed light on the hidden story of the linen quilt cover in the Benaki collection, examining its historical background together with material evidence found in museums and private collections.
Ties that bind the daily lives of carpet traders: An ethnographic exploration of the everyday lives of carpet traders through their kinship ties, moral economies, and acts of everyday diplomacy in Iran, The Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany
Authors: van den Belt Felix
Published: October 2021

On August 6, 2019, international sanctions on Iran were reintroduced. Through my personal quest to understand the carpet trade, written as an ethnographic exploration, this thesis follows the everyday life trajectories of carpet traders in the context of Iran, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany. These life trajectories are made comprehensible based on the themes: Kinship Ties, Moral Economy, and Everyday Diplomacy. In doing this, it contributes to the understanding of global trade networks from the perspective of globalization from below. Few ethnographies are written on the social lives of contemporary carpet traders, but there are many assumptions and opinions on how the trade develops in the face of globalization and geopolitical conflict. Previous research on traders generally considered their activities based on survival strategies. Later research recognized the flexibility, creativity, and skill in their work. In times of international sanctions and the increasing influence of globalization, I use these bodies of literature on trade, kinship, morality, and everyday diplomacy, to explore how the everyday live trajectories of carpet traders are embedded in other life domains, outside the economical. By focusing on the three themes, I show how carpet traders find clever ways to handle geopolitical conflict. Besides, I explore how their actions and the maintaining of their social relations are based on identity, morality, and negotiations about trust and betrayal.
Financial Literacy and Consumer Financial Well-being in Ghana: Any Nexus with Economic Stability
Authors: Matey Juabin
Published: October 2021

Despite the daily efforts to cope with life's economic challenges, most Ghanaians are financially insecure. This has made pursuing lifelong ambitions more difficult. Given these realities, it is reasonable to believe that financial literacy and consumer financial stability will be a successful strategy for promoting economic stability. This stems from the realization that financial literacy is supportive in making informed financial decisions at both the household and macroeconomic levels. A high human development index score indicates that persons who make up the country's population are in good health. As a result, linking household decisions to broader policy outcomes becomes increasingly vital. This research aims to find a link between financial literacy and consumer financial stability as well as their relationship with macroeconomic stability. Financial literacy has a significant association with economic stability as measured by citizens' welfare. This discovery has several ramifications for financial literacy initiatives. In addition, consumer financial wellness has an insignificant positive impact on national economic stability. Nonetheless, it demonstrates how a financially sound consumer can boost aggregate demand by spending more, impacting job creation and macroeconomic growth. The Probit-Regression Model facilitated data analysis using a participant population of 960 across eight studied regions in Ghana. This study believes that national governments should take the favorable correlations between financial literacy and consumer financial stability on the one hand, and national economic stability on the other, seriously. As a result, policy efforts should consider the relationship between microeconomic actions and macroeconomic outcomes since the former is observed to influence the latter.
evaluación gammagrafica de glándulas salivales en síndrome de sjögren
Authors: Betancourt Piñeres Aiken Felipe , Milanés Pérez Rosa Isabel , Bonnet Palencia Igor Iván , Padilla Tovar Lacides , Moreno Grau Álvaro , Álvarez Romero Erick , Muñoz Méndez José Thomas
Published: October 2021

El Síndrome de Sjögren es una enfermedad sistémica autoinmune que afecta principalmente las glándulas exocrinas del organismo, como las salivales y las lacrimales provocando una disminución de sus secreciones, por lo que también se denomina síndrome seco. Se presenta caso clínico de una paciente de sexo femenino la cual cumple todos los criterios clasificatorios del Consenso Europeo Americano 2002 para el Síndrome de Sjogren. Rev.cienc.biomed. 2011; 2(1): 130-134
reflexiones sobre los valores del programa de medicina de la universidad de cartagena(*)
Authors: Milanés Pérez Rosa
Published: October 2021

Los valores de un programa son los postulados éticos que deben regir los currículos y todas las actividades de los directivos, docentes y estudiantes. Se hace una reflexión acerca de los valores de Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Cartagena, se explicita su significado y se hace énfasis en la importancia de su interiorización y aplicación en los diversos procesos de la vida del programa, en especial en el quehacer de los individuos que la representan. Rev.cienc.biomed. 2011; 2(1): 154-157
Revisión bibliográfica de los avances más recientes en la comprensión etiológica de la enfermedad de Alzheimer
Authors: Téllez Ramírez Uziel Amit , Paniagua Medina María Eugenia , Reyes Ruiz Ana Paulina , Silva Borja María de los Ángeles , Díaz Ricoy Oscar Uriel
Published: October 2021

La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es una condición neurodegenerativa caracterizada por una desintegración continua y homogénea, la cual ocasiona una pérdida progresiva de la memoria y deterioro de las capacidades cognitivas.  La EA representa más del 60% de los casos de demencia en adultos de 65 años o más, con una afectación predominante en las áreas frontal y temporales del cerebro. Las dos hipótesis principales con respecto al desarrollo de EA son la hiperfosforilación de la proteína TAU, la cual en situaciones normales forma parte de los axones neuronales, siendo la encargada de la unión de microtúbulos asociados al citoesqueleto de la célula, cuya malformación conduce a ovillos neurofibrilares y muerte neuronal; y la hipótesis amiloide, que describe la acumulación de placas Aβ , generadas mediante la agregación extracelular de péptidos β-amiloides insolubles. En el presente artículo de revisión se realiza una búsqueda en la literatura moderna sobre la etiología de la EA, creando una recopilación de los mecanismos más estudiados recientemente en la enfermedad, y como estas puedan interactuar entre sí; incluyendo los últimos avances respecto a la proteína tau, el péptido β-amiloide (Aβ), el gen APOE-4, la disfunción mitocondrial, enfermedades vasculares y la proteína alfa sinucleína entre otras; así como las principales áreas cerebrales afectadas por este padecimiento. También se evalúan distintos tratamientos empleados a partir de la etiología conocida, buscando la eliminación de placas Aβ del parénquima cerebral y la detención de la formación de los enredos neurofibrilares característicos de esta patología.
The first results of the biological control of Ips sexdentatus using Thanasimus formicarius in Ukraine
Authors: Meshkova V. L. , Ridkokasha A. D. , Omelich A. R. , Baturkin D. O.
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Recently, in pine forests of many regions, the outbreak of bark beetles, particularly Ips sexdentatus (B?rner, 1776) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) have been registered. Prevention of outbreaks and decrease of the negative consequences for forest can be achieved by the use of fertilizers, insecticides, and entomophages. Thanasimus formicarius (Linnaeus 1758) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) is a predator of many coleopterous species.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the first results of the release of Th. formicarius into the foci of bark beetles.

Materials and Methods

The study was carried out in the foci of bark beetles in Kharkiv, Sumy, and Chernigiv regions. The larvae of Th. formicarius were reared in the State Specialized Forest Protection Enterprise ‘Kharkivlisozahyst’. After that, they were moved to the forest and released. The experiment was carried out with five variants of application the fertilizer and predator, one variant of predator release without fertilizer, one variant of the fertilizer ‘Iaros’ treatment without predator release, and one variant without any treatment. The control plots were of three types: K-1 – release of predator larvae without applying a fertilizer; K-2 – treatment with fertilizer without the release of predator; K-3 – without treatment with fertilizer and without the release of predator. The change in the health condition of trees and bark beetles’ survival were the criteria for evaluating the treatment effectiveness.

Results and Conclusions

The efficiency of different combinations of treatment with fertilizer and the release of the predator, evaluated by the change of the health condition of viable trees, was from 14.7 to 28.3%. According to the 2020 assessment, the density of larval galleries of the bark beetle decreased in all plots compared to 2018. The more rapid collapse of bark beetle outbreak as compared to the control was registered for the plots with predator release. The release of the predator along with the use of mineral fertilizer by spraying the crowns provided a more significant improvement in the stand health condition and a decrease in the viability of the bark beetle populations than the only predator release.
Evaluation of epidemiological and economic consequences due to the delay in treatment of hiv-positive patients caused by the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Marcellusi Andrea , Bini Chiara , Andreoni Massimo , Antinori Andrea , Mennini Francesco Saverio
Published: October 2021

Objective: To assess, from an epidemiological and economic point of view, the consequences of the reduction in the supply of antiretroviral drugs due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: The analysis was conducted by adapting a Markov model previously published in literature. The simulations were conducted considering the possibility of continuous treatment for patients already diagnosed (no therapeutic interruptions are expected) and an immediate start of patients with new diagnosis during 2021. This analysis was compared with a scenario involving a therapeutic interruption or diagnostic delay caused by COVID-19.
Results: The analysis showed that the scenario characterized by a treatment delay, compared to the scenario of early resumption of therapy, could generate an increase in the number of patients with CD4 < 200 equal to 1,719 subjects (+16%) and a reduction in the number of patients with CD4 500 equal to 6,751 (−9%). A timely resumption of treatment for HIV+ patients could prevent 296, 454 and 687 deaths in the third, fifth and tenth years of analysis respectively with a potential cost reduction equal to 78,9 million at a 10 year time horizon.
Conclusions: These findings show that it is essential, especially in a pandemic situation such as the present one, to introduce technological, digital and organizational solutions, aimed at promoting timely diagnosis and at accelerating the therapeutic switch for patients who are no longer targeted.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Association of Psoas and Masseter Muscles with Traumatic Brain Injury Using Computed Tomography Anthropometry
Authors: Cho Hang Joo , Hwang Yunsup , Yang Seiyun , Kim Maru
Published: October 2021

Objective : Psoas and masseter muscles are known markers of sarcopenia. However, the relative superiority of either muscle as a marker is unclear. Therefore, this study analyzed the two muscles in patients with a prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods : Patients with TBI visiting a regional trauma center between January 2017 and December 2018 were selected, and their medical records were reviewed. TBI patients with an abbreviated injury score (AIS) of 4 or 5 were selected. Patients with an AIS of 4 or 5 at the chest, abdomen, and extremity were excluded. Patients with a hospital stay of 1 to 2 days were excluded. Both muscle areas were measured based on the initial computed tomography. The psoas muscle index (PMI) and the masseter muscle index (MMI) were calculated by dividing both muscle areas by height in meters squared (cm2/m2). These muscle parameters along with other medical information were used to analyze mortality and the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS).Results : A total of 179 patients, including 147 males (82.1%), were analyzed statistically. The mean patient age was 58.0 years. The mortality rate was 16.8% (30 patients). The mean GOS score was 3.7. Analysis was performed to identify the parameters associated with mortality, which was a qualitative study outcome. The psoas muscle area (16.9 vs. 14.4 cm2, p=0.028) and PMI (5.9 vs. 5.1 cm2/m2, p=0.004) showed statistical differences between the groups. The PMI was also statistically significant as a risk factor for mortality in logistic regression analysis (p=0.023; odds ratio, 0.715; 95% confidence interval, 0.535–0.954). Quantitative analyses were performed with the GOS scores. Bivariate correlation analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between PMI and GOS scores (correlation coefficient, 0.168; p=0.003). PMI (p=0.004, variation inflation factor 1.001) was significant in multiple regression analysis. The masseter muscle area and MMI did not show significance in the study.Conclusion : Larger PMI was associated with statistically significant improved survival and GOS scores, indicating its performance as a superior prognostic marker. Further analyses involving a larger number of patients, additional parameters, and more precise settings would yield a better understanding of sarcopenia and TBI.
Detection of Gnathostoma spinigerum Advanced 3rd-Stage Larvae in the Chinese Edible Frog, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, from Local Markets in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Authors: Sohn Woon-Mok , Jung Bong-Kwang , Hong Sooji , Ryoo Seungwan , Lee Keon Hoon , Khieu Virak , Chai Jong-Yil
Published: October 2021

The Chinese edible frogs, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (n=20), and the striped snakehead fish, Channa striata (n=34), were purchased from local markets in 3 administrative regions of Cambodia (Phnom Penh, Pursat, and Takeo Provinces) from May 2017 to April 2019, and their infection status with Gnathostoma sp. larvae was investigated. The frogs and fish were transported to the laboratory with ice and examined using the artificial digestion method. Advanced 3rd-stage larvae (AdL3) of Gnathostoma spinigerum, 24 in total number (1-6 larvae/frog), were detected from 6 (60.0%) out of 10 frogs purchased from Phnom Penh. No gnathostome larvae were detected in 10 frogs purchased from Takeo Province and 34 snakeheads from Phnom Penh, Pursat, and Takeo Provinces. AdL3 isolated from the frogs were 2.55- 3.90 mm long and 0.31-0.36 mm wide. They had a characteristic head bulb (0.081×0.191 mm in average size) with 4 rows of hooklets, a muscular long esophagus (0.950-1.230 mm long), and 2 pairs of cervical sacs (0.530-0.890 mm long). The average number of hooklets in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th rows was 41, 45, 48, and 51, respectively. These features were consistent with G. spinigerum AdL3. By the present study, it has been first confirmed that the Chinese edible frog, H. rugulosus, from Phnom Penh serves as a second intermediate host for G. spinigerum, although their intensity of infection was not so high compared to other previously reported localities.
Endemicity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Deokcheon-gang (River) in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
Authors: Sohn Woon-Mok , Na Byoung-Kuk , Cho Shin-Hyeong , Lee Hee Il , Ju Jung-Won , Lee Myoung-Ro , Park Jeong-Gil , Ahn Jihee
Published: October 2021

The endemicity of zoonotic trematode metacercariae (ZTM) was investigated with total 871 freshwater fishes (19 species) from Deokcheon-gang (a branch stream of Gyeongho-gang) in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea for 3 years (2018-2020). All fishes were examined with the artificial digestion method. The metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (CsMc) were detected in 233 (36.3%) out of 642 fish in 11 positive fish species (PFS), and their infection intensity was 27 per fish infected (PFI). Especially, in index fish, Puntungia herzi, of CsMc infection, prevalence was 64.2% and infection intensity was 37 PFI. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae (MsMc) were found in 760 (87.5%) out of 869 fish in 18 PFS and their infection intensity was 228 PFI. In sweet smelt, Plecoglossus altivelis, the prevalence of MsMc was 97.6% and their infection intensity was 3,570 PFI. Centrocestus armatus metacercariae were detected in 209 (29.4%) out of 710 fish in 8 PFS and their infection intensity was 1,361 PFI. Echinostoma spp. metacercariae were found in 293 (42.6%) out of 688 fish in 15 PFS and their infection intensity was 5 PFI. Metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum and Metorchis orientalis were also detected in 2.7% and 21.2% fish in 4 PFS and their infection intensities were 3.1 and 3.4 PFI respectively. By the present study, it was confirmed that some species of ZTM including CsMc and MsMc are more or less prevalent in fishes from Deokcheon-gang in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.
New Record of Feather Mite, Neopteronyssus bilineatus Mironov, 2003 (Arachnida: Pteronyssidae), from a Grey-Capped Pygmy Woodpecker, Yungipicus canicapillus in Republic of Korea
Authors: Han Yeong-Deok , Lim Anya , Cheong Seokwan
Published: October 2021

This study intended to record a species of feather mite, Neopteronyssus bilineatus Mironov, 2003, (Arachnida: Pteronyssidae), from a grey-capped pygmy woodpecker, Yungipicus canicapillus (Blyth, 1845), in the Republic of Korea. Mite samples were collected from the flight feathers of a woodpecker, preserved directly in 95% ethyl alcohol, and then observed by a light microscope after specimen preparation. Morphology of Neopteronyssus bilineatus is distinguished from other pici group species by opisthosoma part with 2 longitudinal bends, tarsal seta rIII 3 times longer than tarsus III in males, and 2 elongated hysteronotal plates extending beyond the level of setae e2 in females. In the present study, a species of feather mite, N. bilineatus, was newly recorded from Y. canicapillus in Korean fauna.
Pelagios – Connecting Histories of Place. Part II: From Community to Association
Authors: Kahn Rebecca , Isaksen Leif , Barker Elton , Simon Rainer , de Soto Pau , Vitale Valeria
Published: October 2021

This article, which forms the second part of a two-part article in this volume, reflects on what we argue to be the most crucial element of any Linked Data enterprise: its community. The first section discusses a variety of funded and unfunded activities conducted under the aegis of Pelagios, and specifically two ‘small grant’ programmes that dramatically expanded its scope and reach. The second section describes the evolution of Pelagios as a ‘community of practice’, in which the work of the initiative, conceived of in terms of both method and tool development, has been facilitated by, and coordinated with, individuals and groups external to its investigative teams. This growing and maturing community has ultimately been realized in the foundation of a formal voluntary organization: the Pelagios Network Association. The paper concludes with brief reflections on some interlinked sister initiatives that have emerged from the Pelagios community and continue to support scholars and practitioners working in related fields.
Measuring Minority Integration: Conceptualization and Operationalization Issues
Authors: Koos Agnes Katalin , Keulman Kenneth
Published: October 2021

The paper addresses the issue of using opinion surveys to evaluate the relationships among a country's communal groups, specifically, between majorities and minorities. Previous literature happened to use surveys either to measure the "integration of minorities" (https://isd.iss.nl/) or the patriotism level of minorities (e.g. Elkins &Stride 2007, Cebotari 2009). Beyond the usefulness of opinion surveys, there are some questions about which survey items are the best to use. The paper argues for gradually phasing out the "pride" question on behalf of the "attachment" question, and involving items inquiring about the quality of democracy in the respondents’ countries. Based on WVS and ISSP data, the paper shows that the minority-majority gap tends to meaningfully co-vary with the actual empowerment of the minorities in the respective countries. The finding is paralleled with an economy-based variation of democracy assessments, showing that poorer respondents tend to give lower evaluation of democracy than better-off respondents.
Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota Is Associated With the Progression of Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury and Is Alleviated by Oral Compound Probiotics in Mouse Model
Authors: Zhao Tian-Shu , Xie Li-Wei , Cai Shang , Xu Jia-Yu , Zhou Hao , Tang Lin-Feng , Yang Chao , Fang Shuguang , Li Ming , Tian Ye
Published: October 2021

The acute radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) has raised much concerns and is influenced by non-cytocidal radiation effects including the perturbations in gut microbiota. Although a number of studies have reported alteration in gut microbiota following radiation, little is known about its dynamic variation in the progression of acute RIII. In this study, mouse model were treated with total body irradiation (TBI) of 0, 4, 8 and 12 Gy, and the intestinal tissues and fecal samples were collected at 6 h, 3.5 d and 7 d post radiation. We found that the intestinal injuries were manifested in a radiation dose-dependent manner. Results from 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the diversity of gut microbiota was not significantly affected at the prodromal stage of acute RIII, after 6 h of radiation. At the critical stage of acute RIII, after 3.5 d of radiation, the composition of gut microbiota was correlated with the radiation dose. The Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the relative abundances of phylum Proteobacteria, genera Escherichia-Shigella and Eubacterium xylanophilum_group, and species Lactobacillus murinus exhibited linear correlations with radiation dose. At the recovery stage of acute RIII, after 7 d of radiation, the diversity of gut microbiota decreased as a whole, among which the relative abundance of phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroides increased, while that of phylum Tenericutes and genus Roseburia decreased. The intra-gastric administration of compound probiotics for 14 days improved the survival duration of mice exposed to 9 Gy TBI, alleviated the intestinal epithelial injury and partially restored the diversity of gut microbiota. Our findings suggest that acute RIII is accompanied by the dysbiosis of gut microbiota, including its decreased diversity, reduced abundance of beneficial bacteria and increased abundance of pathogens. The gut microbiota cannot be used as sensitive biomarkers at the prodromal stage in acute RIII, but are potential biomarkers at the critical stage of acute RIII. The dysbiosis is persistent until the recovery stage of acute RIII, and interventions are needed to restore it. The administration of probiotics is an effective strategy to protect against acute RIII and subsequent dysbiosis.
Beyond Vessel Diameters: Non-invasive Monitoring of Flow Patterns and Immune Cell Recruitment in Murine Abdominal Aortic Disorders by Multiparametric MRI
Authors: Temme Sebastian , Yakoub Mina , Bouvain Pascal , Yang Guang , Schrader Jürgen , Stegbauer Johannes , Flögel Ulrich
Published: October 2021

The pathophysiology of the initiation and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and aortic dissections (AADs) is still unclear. However, there is strong evidence that monocytes and macrophages are of crucial importance in these processes. Here, we utilized a molecular imaging approach based on background-free 19F MRI and employed perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions (PFCs) for in situ19F labeling of monocytes/macrophages to monitor vascular inflammation and AAA/AAD formation in angiotensin II (angII)-treated apolipoproteinE-deficient (apoE−/−) mice. In parallel, we used conventional 1H MRI for the characterization of aortic flow patterns and morphology. AngII (1 μg/kg/min) was infused into apoE−/− mice via osmotic minipumps for 10 days and mice were monitored by multiparametric 1H/19F MRI. PFCs were intravenously injected directly after pump implantation followed by additional applications on day 2 and 4 to allow an efficient 19F loading of circulating monocytes. The combination of angiographic, hemodynamic, and anatomical measurements allowed an unequivocal classification of mice in groups with developing AAAs, AADs or without any obvious aortic vessel alterations despite the exposure to angII. Maximal luminal and external diameters of the aorta were enlarged in AAAs, whereas AADs showed either a slight decrease of the luminal diameter or no alteration. 1H/19F MRI after intravenous PFC application demonstrated significantly higher 19F signals in aortae of mice that developed AAAs or AADs as compared to mice in which no aortic disorders were detected. High resolution 1H/19F MRI of excised aortae revealed a patchy pattern of the 19F signals predominantly in the adventitia of the aorta. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of macrophages in this area and flow cytometry revealed higher numbers of immune cells in aortae of mice that have developed AAA/AAD. Importantly, there was a linear correlation of the 19F signal with the total number of infiltrated macrophages. In conclusion, our approach enables a precise differentiation between AAA and AAD as well as visualization and quantitative assessment of inflammatory active vascular lesions, and therefore may help to unravel the complex interplay between macrophage accumulation, vascular inflammation, and the development and progression of AAAs and AADs.
PACAP–PAC1 Signaling Regulates Serotonin 2A Receptor Internalization
Authors: Hayata-Takano Atsuko , Shintani Yusuke , Moriguchi Keita , Encho Naoki , Kitagawa Kohei , Nakazawa Takanobu , Hashimoto Hitoshi
Published: October 2021

Mice lacking pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) display psychomotor abnormalities, most of which are ameliorated by atypical antipsychotics with serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor (5-HT2A) antagonism. Heterozygous Pacap mutant mice show a significantly higher hallucinogenic response than wild-type mice to a 5-HT2A agonist. Endogenous PACAP may, therefore, affect 5-HT2A signaling; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanism for this remains unclear. Here, we examined whether PACAP modulates 5-HT2A signaling by addressing cellular protein localization. PACAP induced an increase in internalization of 5-HT2A but not 5-HT1A, 5-HT2C, dopamine D2 receptors or metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 in HEK293T cells. This PACAP action was inhibited by protein kinase C inhibitors, β-arrestin2 silencing, the PACAP receptor PAC1 antagonist PACAP6-38, and PAC1 silencing. In addition, the levels of endogenous 5-HT2A were decreased on the cell surface of primary cultured cortical neurons after PACAP stimulation and were increased in frontal cortex cell membranes of Pacap−/− mice. Finally, intracerebroventricular PACAP administration suppressed 5-HT2A agonist-induced head twitch responses in mice. These results suggest that PACAP–PAC1 signaling increases 5-HT2A internalization resulting in attenuation of 5-HT2A-mediated signaling, although further study is necessary to determine the relationship between behavioral abnormalities in Pacap−/− mice and PACAP-induced 5-HT2A internalization.
Fis Connects Two Sensory Pathways, Quorum Sensing and Surface Sensing, to Control Motility in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Tague Jessica G. , Regmi Abish , Gregory Gwendolyn J. , Boyd E. Fidelma
Published: October 2021

Factor for inversion stimulation (Fis) is a global regulator that is highly expressed during exponential phase growth and undetectable in stationary phase growth. Quorum sensing (QS) is a global regulatory mechanism that controls gene expression in response to changes in cell density and growth phase. In Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a marine species and a significant human pathogen, the QS regulatory sRNAs, Qrr1 to Qrr5, are expressed during exponential growth and negatively regulate the high cell density QS master regulator OpaR. OpaR is a positive regulator of capsule polysaccharide (CPS) formation, which is required for biofilm formation, and is a repressor of lateral flagella required for swarming motility. In V. parahaemolyticus, we show that Fis is a positive regulator of the qrr sRNAs expression. In an in-frame fis deletion mutant, qrr expression was repressed and opaR expression was induced. The Δfis mutant produced CPS and biofilm, but swarming motility was abolished. Also, the fis deletion mutant was more sensitive to polymyxin B. Swarming motility requires expression of both the surface sensing scrABC operon and lateral flagella laf operon. Our data showed that in the Δfis mutant both laf and scrABC genes were repressed. Fis controlled swarming motility indirectly through the QS pathway and directly through the surface sensing pathway. To determine the effects of Fis on cellular metabolism, we performed in vitro growth competition assays, and found that Δfis was outcompeted by wild type in minimal media supplemented with intestinal mucus as a sole nutrient source. The data showed that Fis positively modulated mucus components L-arabinose, D-gluconate and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine catabolism gene expression. In an in vivo colonization competition assay, Δfis was outcompeted by wild type, indicating Fis is required for fitness. Overall, these data demonstrate a global regulatory role for Fis in V. parahaemolyticus that includes QS, motility, and metabolism.
Characterization and Application of a New β-Galactosidase Gal42 From Marine Bacterium Bacillus sp. BY02
Authors: Zhou Zihan , He Ningning , Han Qi , Liu Songshen , Xue Ruikun , Hao Jianhua , Li Shangyong
Published: October 2021

β-Galactosidase plays an important role in medicine and dairy industry. In this study, a new glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) β-galactosidase-encoding gene, gal42, was cloned from a newly isolated marine bacterium Bacillus sp. BY02 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Structural characterization indicated that the encoding β-galactosidase, Gal42, is a homotrimer in solution, and homology modeling indicated that it retains the zinc binding sites of the Cys cluster. The reaction activity of Gal42 was significantly increased by Zn2+ (229.6%) and other divalent metal ions (Mn2+, Mg2+, and Co2+), while its activity was inhibited by EDTA (53.9%). Meanwhile, the thermo-stability of the Gal42 was also significantly enhanced by 5 and 10 mM of zinc ion supplement, which suggested that the “Cys-Zn” motif played important roles in both structural stability and catalytic function. Furthermore, Gal42 showed effective lactose hydrolysis activity, which makes the enzyme hydrolyze the lactose in milk effectively. These properties make Gal42 a potential candidate in food technology.
Impaired Formation and Expression of Goal-Directed and Habitual Control in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Mi Tao-Mian , Zhang Wei , McKeown Martin J. , Chan Piu
Published: October 2021

Selective depletion of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the caudal sensorimotor striatum, a subdivision implicated in habitual control, is a major pathological feature in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we evaluated the effects of PD on the formation of goal-directed and habitual control during learning, and for the first time investigated the conflict between these two strategies in the expression of acquired learning. Twenty PD patients and 20 healthy individuals participated in a set of tasks designed to assess relative goal-directed versus habitual behavioral control. In the instrumental training phase, participants first learned by trial and error to respond to different pictured stimuli in order to gain rewarding outcomes. Three associations were trained, with standard and congruent associations mediated predominantly by goal-directed action, and incongruent association regulated predominantly by habitual control. In a subsequent “slips-of-action” test, participants were assessed to determine whether they can flexibly adjust their behavior to changes in the desirability of the outcomes. A baseline test was then administered to rule out the possibility of general inhibitory deficit, and a questionnaire was finally adopted to test the explicit knowledge of the relationships between stimuli, responses, and outcomes. Our results showed that during the instrumental training phase, PD patients had impaired learning not only of the standard and congruent associations (mediated by goal-directed system), but also the incongruent association (mediated by habitual control system). In the slips-of-action test, PD patients responded less for valuable outcomes and more often to stimuli that were associated with devalued outcomes, with poor performance predicted by symptom severity. No significant difference was found between PD and healthy subjects for the baseline test and questionnaire performance. These results collectively demonstrate that the formation of both goal-directed and habitual control are impaired in PD patients. Furthermore, PD patients are more prone to slips of action, suggesting PD patients exhibit an impairment in engaging the goal-directed system with a relatively excessive reliance on habitual control in the expression of acquired learning.