bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spatial Impact of Innovative Human Capital on Green Total Factor Productivity in Chinese Regions Based on Quantity and Quality Dimensions
Authors: Lin Xi
Published: October 2024

Green total factor productivity (GTFP) is a key driver of China’s green development, and innovative human capital (IHC) plays a pivotal role in enhancing GTFP. This study examines the impact of the quantity and quality dimensions of IHC on regional GTFP in China. Using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2004 to 2018, this study constructs a spatial Durbin model (SDM) to empirically analyze the role of IHC in regional GTFP. Three main conclusions are obtained: (1) both the quantity and quality of IHC can significantly and directly improve regional GTFP, yet regional heterogeneity exists. In the eastern region, both IHCA and IHCQ have a significant impact, while in the middle-western region, only IHCA has a significant effect on GTFP; (2) IHC can boost the enhancement of regional GTFP through technological progress; and (3) the quantity of IHC (IHCA) produces a spatial spillover effect on regional GTFP, whereas the quality of IHC (IHCQ) does not exhibit this effect. Based on these conclusions, strategies for the green development of China and the coordinated development of the eastern and middle-western regions are proposed. The Chinese government should integrate IHC development into its environmental policies to improve environmental awareness and optimize the efficiency of human capital, taking regional differences into account.
Research on the Possibilities of Expanding the Photovoltaic Installation in the Microgrid Structure of Kielce University of Technology Using Digital Twin Technology
Authors: Pawelec Artur , Pawlak Agnieszka , Pyk Aleksandra , Kossakowski Paweł Grzegorz
Published: October 2024

Global challenges related to sustainable development are increasingly focusing on the use of digital twin technology as a universal tool for optimizing and monitoring renewable energy installations. This article discusses digital twin technology as a support for sustainable development based on the analysis of microgrid structures. Digital twins allow the creation of virtual models of physical systems. This capability facilitated the accurate replication of the microgrid model at Kielce University of Technology using ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) software (version 22.5). The operational parameters of the microgrid structure were analyzed for the examined power range of the photovoltaic installation to determine the possibilities of expanding the existing installation. The impact of the photovoltaic installation’s power on the operational parameters of the microgrid structure was visualized, and final conclusions were formulated. Moreover, the integration of digital twin technology into renewable energy systems not only enhances operational efficiency but also plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainability objectives. Through real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, digital twin technology facilitates the optimization of energy production and distribution, thereby reducing waste and contributing to the overall sustainability of energy systems. This technology enables the simulation of various scenarios, such as fluctuations in energy demand or the integration of new renewable sources, which can inform more sustainable decision-making processes. In the context of microgrids, digital twin technology ensures that energy production is closely aligned with consumption patterns, minimizing energy losses and enhancing grid resilience. Furthermore, digital twin technology supports the sustainable expansion of renewable installations by providing detailed insights into potential environmental impacts and the long-term sustainability of various energy configurations. As the demand for clean energy continues to grow, digital twin technology will be indispensable in achieving a balance between energy needs and environmental stewardship, ensuring that the expansion of renewable energy sources contributes positively to global sustainability objectives.
Review of Deep Learning in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
Authors: Zheng Shiqi , Liu Jiamin
Published: October 2024

The hot deconfined matter called quark–gluon plasma (QGP) can be generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions (HICs). Its properties under high temperatures have been widely studied. Since the short-lived QGP is not directly observable, data-driven methods, including deep learning, are often used to infer the initial-state properties from the final distributions of hadrons. This paper reviews various applications of machine learning in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, explains the fundamental concepts of deep learning, and discusses how the properties of HIC data can be interpreted using efficient machine learning models.
A Novel Two-Lane Lattice Model Considering the Synergistic Effects of Drivers’ Smooth Driving and Aggressive Lane-Changing Behaviors
Authors: Tian Chuan , Yang Shuhong , Kang Yirong
Published: October 2024

Most existing two-lane traffic flow lattice models fail to fully consider the interactions between drivers’ aggressive lane-changing behaviors and their desire for smooth driving, as well as their combined effects on traffic dynamics. To fill this research gap, under symmetric lane-changing rules, this paper proposes a novel two-lane lattice model that incorporates these two factors as co-influencers. Based on linear and nonlinear stability analyses, we derive the linear stability conditions of the new model, along with the density wave equation and its solutions describing traffic congestion propagation near critical points. Numerical simulations validate the theoretical findings. The results indicate that in the two-lane framework, enhancing either drivers’ lane-changing aggressiveness or introducing the desire for smooth driving alone can somewhat improve traffic flow stability. However, when considering their synergistic effects, traffic flow stability is enhanced more significantly, and the traffic congestion is suppressed more effectively.
The Relationship Between Production Efficiency and Factor Allocation Efficiency: A Case Study Based on Thermal Power in China
Authors: Huang Tingyang , Zhao Xiongfei , Li Shuangjie , Liu Fang
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces a novel decomposition method for analyzing production efficiency based on the Data Envelopment Analysis framework, addressing the limitations of traditional approaches that often fail to isolate the contributions of individual factors. The proposed method disaggregates production efficiency into capacity utilization, labor utilization efficiency, energy utilization efficiency, and technological change, providing a more granular view of how different factors contribute to overall efficiency. By incorporating both contemporaneous and intertemporal perspectives, this approach enables a comprehensive understanding of efficiency dynamics and factor interactions over time. To demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed method, we apply it to the thermal power industry using data from 30 Chinese provinces covering the period from 2011 to 2021. The empirical results validate the effectiveness of the decomposition framework, revealing distinct regional disparities in efficiency and providing insights for targeted resource optimization strategies. Based on these findings, we offer recommendations to enhance capacity utilization, improve energy efficiency, and support sustainable development within the thermal power sector. This research contributes a powerful analytical tool for disaggregating production efficiency and offers a theoretical foundation for future studies seeking to understand the nuanced relationships between comprehensive production efficiency and single-factor efficiencies, thereby supporting better policy and management decisions in complex production systems.
The Relationship Between Ethical Leadership and Emotional Exhaustion in a Virtual Work Environment: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Santiago-Torner Carlos , Corral-Marfil José-Antonio , Tarrats-Pons Elisenda
Published: October 2024

The role of ethical leadership in virtual settings is not yet clearly defined, but it may be the key to addressing employees’ emotional exhaustion. In addition, to prevent emotional exhaustion, it is important to determine the role of work autonomy and teleworking intensity. The present research examined how and when ethical leadership influences emotional exhaustion through work autonomy and teleworking intensity. Data collected from 448 workers in the Colombian electrical sector were analyzed using a SEM moderated mediation model. The results indicate a positive relationship between ethical leadership and emotional exhaustion mediated by work autonomy. The results also show that teleworking intensity moderates the mediation process. Specifically, the positive impact of ethical leadership on emotional exhaustion stopped when teleworking intensity was high. Likewise, high teleworking intensity intensified the positive relationship between ethical leadership and work autonomy. Finally, high teleworking intensity dampened the positive relationship between work autonomy and emotional exhaustion. In conclusion, working virtually five days a week is a strategy that amplifies the leader-member relationship and becomes an advantage to effectively combat emotional exhaustion. The results obtained in this research are particularly relevant because they show for the first time that ethical leadership can have opposite effects on employees’ emotional exhaustion, both positive and negative, depending on the number of days teleworked, thus contributing to a new understanding of the characteristics of the ethical leader in a virtual environment.
Resilience Components in Mexican Whale-Watching Regulation
Authors: Espinoza-Rodríguez Iyari Janethzy , Chávez-Dagostino Rosa María , Heckel Gisela
Published: October 2024

Whale watching (WW) is a growing tourist activity that is at risk of becoming unsustainable. Legislation regarding WW must mitigate adverse effects on species and address the dynamics of complex systems. This study proposes analyzing this interaction using a socio-ecological resilience framework, considering both social and ecological components. Resilient governance is characterized by four features: flexibility to respond to change, adaptability, multi-level governance, and participation. The aim of this study was to assess how Mexican WW regulations contribute to the resilience of the socio-ecosystem through a literature review on compliance with the regulations and the presence of resilience elements in the regulations. Non-compliance with 12 guidelines was identified, with vessel crowding, distance, and unauthorized vessels being the most frequently reported issues. The analysis of the regulations revealed the presence of all four elements of resilient governance; however, participation is limited to certain key stakeholders, which undermines whale conservation due to non-compliance. In conclusion, the Mexican regulations contribute to resilient governance; however, to ensure whale conservation and socio-ecological resilience, it is essential that all involved parties understand their roles and actively participate in decision-making processes.
Neurotoxicity Assessment of Amicarbazone Using Larval Zebrafish
Authors: Baek Seung-Hwa , Kim Yeonhwa , Kim Suhyun , Park Hae-Chul
Published: October 2024

Amicarbazone (AMZ), a triazolinone herbicide widely applied in agriculture, is known to inhibit photosystem II in target plants, disrupting photosynthesis and causing oxidative stress that leads to weed mortality. Despite its widespread use, the developmental and neurotoxic effects of AMZ on aquatic organisms remain underexplored. This study assesses the impact of AMZ exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae, focusing on developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity. Zebrafish were exposed to AMZ at various concentrations to evaluate survival, malformations, heart rate, and behavior. Significant developmental defects, including reduced survival rates, increased malformations, and decreased heart rates, were observed in zebrafish embryos exposed to AMZ, particularly at higher concentrations. Additionally, behavioral assays revealed decreased locomotor activity, particularly at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/L. Moreover, AMZ exposure disrupted motor axon formation, oligodendrocyte development, and the expression of key genes involved in neurodevelopment. The downregulation of cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic signaling pathways was also identified, indicating neurotoxicity. These findings highlight AMZ’s potential to induce both developmental and neurotoxic effects in zebrafish and suggest the need for further research on its long-term ecological impacts.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of HIV Drug Resistance in Zimbabwe: Evidence from Zimbabwe Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (ZIMPHIA) 2020 Survey
Authors: Mapingure Munyaradzi , Mukwenha Solomon , Chingombe Innocent , Makota Rutendo Birri , Mbunge Elliot , Moyo Enos , Chemhaka Garikayi , Batani John , Moyo Brian , Musuka Godfrey
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) poses a significant challenge to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy and the overall management of HIVand AIDS. Understanding the predictors of HIVDR is critical for developing strategies to mitigate its impact. The objectives of this study were to identify the predictors of HIVDR among Zimbabwe Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (ZIMPHIA 2020) study participants, a national population-based survey. (2) Methods: Data from people living with HIV who participated in the ZIMPHIA 2020 were used to determine the predictors of HIVDR. (3) Results: The prevalence of HIVDR was 44.9%. Acquired HIVDR was present in 76.1% of people with a virological failure and transmitted resistance is 22.6% in naïve individuals. Factors associated with HIVDR in adjusted analysis were the number of lifetime sexual partners (aOR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06, p = 0.017), each additional year since the first HIV positive result (aOR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09–1.25, p < 0.01), each additional year on ART (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06–1.23, p = 0.001), initiating ART before 2014 (aOR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.72–5.49, p = 0.020), ever had switched antiretrovirals (aOR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.15–5.29, p = 0.020) or had ever had a viral load test (aOR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.54–4.17, p < 0.001) and a CD4 count < 350 (aOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.48–2.83, p < 0.01), while age ≥ 50 (aOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32–0.98, 32 p = 0.04), condom use at last encounter (OR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.33–0.73, p < 0.001), and not being on ART (aOR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.06–0.13, p < 0.01) were associated with reduced odds of HIVDR. Conclusions: HIVDR was high among the participants. There is a need to address HIVDR and enhance the mechanisms already in place. This study introduces more information that would help in developing targeted interventions to prevent HIVDR and improve patient outcomes.
Leishmaniasis in Humans and Animals: A One Health Approach for Surveillance, Prevention and Control in a Changing World
Authors: Cosma Claudia , Maia Carla , Khan Nushrat , Infantino Maria , Del Riccio Marco
Published: October 2024

Leishmaniasis is classified as a neglected tropical disease (NTD), caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted to humans and other animals through the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies. There are three forms of the disease: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) manifested by ulcers and scars; systemic or visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which can lead to life-threatening complications if left untreated; and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), which can destroy the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and throat. Human leishmaniasis is endemic in many countries across Africa, Asia, Southern Europe, the Middle East, and Central and South America. The interconnection of environmental, animal and human health underlies the spread of the Leishmania parasite. Environmental disruptions, such as climate change, deforestation or urbanisation, but also globalisation and migration, significantly affect the distribution and abundance of sand fly vectors and reservoir hosts. Climate change alters the breeding patterns of sandflies and expands their geographic range; deforestation and misuse of large areas disrupt ecosystems, leading to increased human-vector contact; and urbanisation increases the potential for contact between parties, particularly in densely populated areas. Migration of humans and animals, either through natural migration or, for example, the pet trade and breeding, can facilitate the spread of Leishmania parasites. In addition, socio-economic factors, including poverty and lack of access to healthcare, increase the burden of leishmaniasis in vulnerable populations. Due to this multitude of reasons, the geographic distribution of sandflies has expanded to higher latitudes and altitudes in recent years, with a consequent increase in disease burden. Indeed, despite ongoing challenges in the surveillance systems, data from the last available year have shown an increase in many cases in both humans and dogs. This perspective explores the interconnected factors influencing the spread of leishmaniasis worldwide and the epidemiology of the disease. In addition, it illustrates the importance of integrated strategies in a One Health approach: surveillance, prevention and control of vectors, animals and humans.
Machine Learning-Based Local Knowledge Approach to Mapping Urban Slums in Bandung City, Indonesia
Authors: Chulafak Galdita Aruba , Khomarudin Muhammad Rokhis , Roswintiarti Orbita , Mehmood Hamid , Nugroho Gatot , Nugroho Udhi Catur , Ardha Mohammad , Sukowati Kusumaning Ayu Dyah , Putra I Kadek Yoga Dwi , Permana Silvan Anggia Bayu Setia
Published: October 2024

Rapid urban population growth in Bandung City has led to the development of slums due to inadequate housing facilities and urban planning. However, it remains unclear how these slums are distributed and evolve spatially and temporally. Therefore, it is necessary to map their distribution and trends effectively. This study aimed to classify slum areas in Bandung City using a machine learning-based local knowledge approach; this classification exercise contributes towards Sustainable Development Goal 11 related to sustainable cities and communities. The methods included settlement and commercial/industrial classification from 2021 SPOT-6 satellite data by the Random Forest classifier. A knowledge-based classifier was used to derive slum and non-slum settlements from the settlement and commercial/industrial classification, as well as railway, river, and road buffering. Our findings indicate that these methods achieved an overall accuracy of 82%. The producer’s accuracy for slum areas was 70%, while the associated user’s accuracy was 92%. Meanwhile, the Kappa coefficient was 0.63. These findings suggest that local knowledge could be a potent option in the machine learning algorithm.
Urban Canopy Parameters’ Computation and Evaluation in an Indian Context Using Multi-Platform Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Gupta Kshama , Ghale Bhoomika , Bhardwaj Ashutosh , Varshney Anshika , Khatriker Shweta , Kumar Vinay , Gupta Prasun Kumar , Kumar Pramod
Published: October 2024

Urban Canopy Parameters (UCPs) are crucial for urban microclimate modeling; however, the scarce availability of precise UCP data in developing regions limits their application for urban climates. This study investigated the use of multi-platform remote sensing data viz. very high-resolution satellite (VHRS) optical stereo and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) datasets for the computation of UCPs in high-density urban scenarios in India, with varied development characteristics. The results demonstrated high accuracy in terms of building height and footprint extraction from both datasets, key inputs for UCP computation. However, UCPs from UAV data have displayed relatively high accuracy for building footprints (86%), building height (RMSE ~ 0.05 m), and land use/land cover classification (90%). Performance evaluation of computed UCPs against a 3D reference geodatabase showed high prediction accuracy for most UCPs, with overall biases, mean absolute error, and root-mean-square error values significantly better than 1 m, with strong correlation (0.8–0.9). It was concluded that VHRS optical stereo and UAV datasets offer a secure, reliable, and accurate solution for UCP computation in urban areas, particularly in developing regions. These findings have significant implications for urban climate research and the sustainable development of rapidly urbanizing areas facing resource and policy constraints.
Factors Associated with Chronic Chikungunya in Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, Between 2016 and 2020
Authors: Vicente Creuza Rachel , Louro Luana Santos , de Jesus Nicolli Ribeiro , Lopes Danielle Torres dos Santos , Cabidelle Aline Souza Areias , Cerutti Junior Crispim , Miranda Angelica Espinosa Barbosa , Louro Iuri Drumond , Meira Debora Dummer , Chan Kuan Rong
Published: October 2024

Chikungunya patients may develop chronic joint pain that can persist for months to years. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with Chikungunya chronicity. This case–control study involved data from patients with laboratory-confirmed Chikungunya reported from March 2016 to December 2020 in Vitória, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. The data were accessed from compulsory notification databases (SINAN and eSUS VS) and electronic medical reports (Rede Bem-Estar). For each patient who developed chronic symptoms, we included a control patient who did not develop chronic symptoms by random sampling. A total of 183 chronic and 183 non-chronic patients were included in the study. Most of them were female (73.2%), with a median age of 49.5 years (interquartile range = 37–61), and presented fever (89.6%), myalgia (89.6%), arthralgia (89.3%), and headache (82.0%). Chronic patients were older (median = 53; interquartile range = 41–61) than non-chronic cases (median = 46; interquartile age = 31–61) (OR = 0.979, 95% CI = 0.968–0.991) and more frequently presented nausea (58.5% vs. 40.4%; OR = 2.109, 95% CI = 1.374–3.238), and leukopenia (20.2% vs. 10.9%; OR = 2.060, 95% CI = 1.122–3.779). Therefore, these characteristics should be monitored for the better clinical management of cases prone to chronicity.
Immunogenicity and Safety of the Recombinant Adjuvanted Herpes Zoster Vaccine in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Diamantopoulos Panagiotis T. , Kontandreopoulou Christina-Nefeli , Stafylidis Christos , Vlachopoulou Dimitra , Smilakou Stavroula , Patsialos Iraklis , Syriopoulou Stavroula , Gkikas Alexandros , Athanasopoulos Eleftherios N. , Vogiatzakis Anastasios , Panousi Eleni , Kyriakakis Georgios , Anastasopoulou Amalia , Mantzourani Marina , Labropoulou Vassiliki
Published: October 2024

Background/objectives: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are susceptible to viral infections, including varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation due to both disease-related and treatment-induced immunosuppression. The recombinant adjuvanted herpes zoster vaccine (RZV) has shown high efficacy in immunocompetent adults, but immunogenicity data in CLL and MM patients are limited. This study evaluates the immunogenicity and safety of RZV in this population. Methods: Patients with CLL and MM vaccinated with RZV (administered in two doses at least one month apart) were included in the study. Pre- and post-vaccination anti-VZV IgM and IgG antibody levels were measured to assess immunogenicity, and adverse events (AEs) were captured for safety evaluation. Results: Seventy-eight patients received both vaccine doses, and 71 had post-vaccination samples. Most of the patients were IgM seronegative and IgG seropositive before vaccination. Pre-vaccination IgG levels were higher in CLL patients compared to MM patients (p = 0.001), while post-vaccination IgG levels significantly increased in both CLL (p < 0.0001) and MM (p < 0.0001) patients. In actively treated CLL patients, pre-vaccination IgG levels were significantly lower than in not actively treated patients (p = 0.002). Post-vaccination IgG levels were lower in MM patients receiving antiviral prophylaxis concurrently with the vaccination (p = 0.013). AEs were reported in 49.4% of patients after the first dose and 48.7% after the second dose, mostly mild (local or low-grade systemic). One case of immune thrombocytopenia was noted. Conclusions: RZV demonstrated strong immunogenicity and acceptable safety in CLL and MM patients, significantly boosting IgG levels, even in actively treated or heavily pretreated patients.
The Influence of Health Education on Vaccination Coverage and Knowledge of the School Population Related to Vaccination and Infection Caused by the Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Kotromanović Šimić Ivana , Bilić-Kirin Vesna , Miskulin Maja , Kotromanović Darko , Olujić Marija , Kovacevic Jelena , Nujić Danijela , Pavlovic Nika , Vukoja Ivan , Miskulin Ivan
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causative agent of infections and cancers of the reproductive and digestive tract, and vaccination is the most effective prevention method. This research aimed to assess the impact of health education on vaccination coverage and knowledge of the school population related to HPV infection and vaccination. Methods: This non-randomized clinical trial included 170 participants out of the 221 students in the generation of 2022/2023, who were divided into a group of Subjects and Controls and who self-assessed their knowledge and tested knowledge at four and two time points, respectively. Results: The study examined whether there is a difference in the share of vaccinated students of the entire generation compared to the previous generation (62% vs. 47%). The self-assessment and assessment of one’s knowledge in the group of subjects was significantly lower before education than during other time points during the research. At “moment zero”, there was no significant difference in the knowledge assessment between the groups. However, after 8 weeks, the knowledge assessment was significantly higher in the Subject group. Conclusions: The results suggest a positive impact of health education, which may contribute to raising awareness about the importance of prevention and vaccination against HPV.
Special Issue: “Vaccination and Global Health”
Authors: Ma Shaodi , Bi Qian , Liu Li , Thapa Roshan , Li Wenle , Liu Baocheng , Xu Chuanhui , Sun Chenyu
Published: October 2024

This Special Issue, titled ‘Vaccination and Global Health,’ compiles 11 broad-ranging papers, each exploring critical facets of vaccination, public health, and global healthcare systems [...]
Immunogenicity and Antibody Persistence of the Inactivated Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Pediatric Patients Post-Chemotherapy or Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Versus Healthy Controls
Authors: Hur Mi Yeon , Kang Kyu Ri , Kim Ye Ji , Cho Yoon Kyung , Lee Jae Wook , Chung Nack-Gyun , Cho Bin , Jeong Dae Chul , Kang Jin Han , Kang Hyun Mi
Published: October 2024

Pediatric patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or chemotherapy are at increased risk for severe influenza complications, necessitating annual vaccination. This study evaluated the immunogenicity and antibody persistence of the 2021–2022 seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine in pediatric patients post-HSCT or chemotherapy, compared to healthy controls. A prospective cohort study included 80 pediatric participants divided into three groups: chemotherapy (n = 33), HSCT (n = 27), and healthy controls (n = 20). All participants were vaccinated with the 2021–2022 GC FLU Quadrivalent vaccine. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays measured seroprotection rates (SPR), geometric mean titers (GMT), and seroconversion rates (SCR) for the four vaccine antigens (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, B/Yamagata) at one, three, and six months post-vaccination. At one month post-vaccination, all groups met the 70% SPR threshold for A/H1N1 and A/H3N2, but not for B/Victoria. For B/Yamagata, the SPR was low in the chemotherapy and HSCT groups (18.18% and 33.33%, respectively), compared to 80.00% in controls (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0015). While A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 GMTs were protective in all groups, only controls achieved protective levels for B/Yamagata. Over time, the control group maintained >70% SPR for A/H1N1 up to six months, but the chemotherapy and HSCT groups declined by three and six months, respectively. For A/H3N2, the SPR in controls dropped below 70% at three months, while it remained above 70% in the chemotherapy and HSCT groups until three months. None of the groups achieved protective GMTs for B strains at three or six months. Pediatric patients post-HSCT or chemotherapy demonstrated a comparable immune response to healthy controls for A/H1N1 and A/H3N2, but the rapid decline in A/H1N1 antibody levels suggests the need for ongoing monitoring and adjusted vaccination schedules. The poor response to B antigens, particularly B/Yamagata, underscores the need for improved vaccination strategies in these vulnerable populations.
Empowering Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Towards Sustainable Transportation: An Analytical Assessment, Emerging Energy Management, Key Issues, and Future Research Opportunities
Authors: Rahman Tuhibur , Miah Md. Sazal , Karim Tahia F. , Hossain Lipu Molla Shahadat , Fuad Abu M. , Islam Zia Ul , Ali M. M. Naushad , Shakib Mohammed Nazmus , Sahrani Shafrida , Sarker Mahidur R.
Published: October 2024

Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have received significant attention in recent times due to various advantageous features, such as high energy efficiency, zero emissions, and extended driving range. However, FCEVs have some drawbacks, including high production costs; limited hydrogen refueling infrastructure; and the complexity of converters, controllers, and method execution. To address these challenges, smart energy management involving appropriate converters, controllers, intelligent algorithms, and optimizations is essential for enhancing the effectiveness of FCEVs towards sustainable transportation. Therefore, this paper presents emerging energy management strategies for FCEVs to improve energy efficiency, system reliability, and overall performance. In this context, a comprehensive analytical assessment is conducted to examine several factors, including research trends, types of publications, citation analysis, keyword occurrences, collaborations, influential authors, and the countries conducting research in this area. Moreover, emerging energy management schemes are investigated, with a focus on intelligent algorithms, optimization techniques, and control strategies, highlighting contributions, key findings, issues, and research gaps. Furthermore, the state-of-the-art research domains of FCEVs are thoroughly discussed in order to explore various research domains, relevant outcomes, and existing challenges. Additionally, this paper addresses open issues and challenges and offers valuable future research opportunities for advancing FCEVs, emphasizing the importance of suitable algorithms, controllers, and optimization techniques to enhance their performance. The outcomes and key findings of this review will be helpful for researchers and automotive engineers in developing advanced methods, control schemes, and optimization strategies for FCEVs towards greener transportation.
Fair Energy Trading in Blockchain-Inspired Smart Grid: Technological Barriers and Future Trends in the Age of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Qazi Sameer , Khawaja Bilal A. , Alamri Abdullah , AlKassem Abdulrahman
Published: October 2024

The global electricity demand from electric vehicles (EVs) increased by 3631% over the last decade, from 2600 gigawatt hours (GWh) in 2013 to 97,000 GWh in 2023. The global electricity demand from EVs will rise to 710,000 GWh by 2030. These EVs will depend on smart grids (SGs) for their charging requirements. Like EVs, SGs are a booming market. In 2021, SG technologies were valued at USD 43.1 billion and are projected to reach USD 103.4 billion by 2026. As EVs become more prevalent, they introduce additional complexity to the SG landscape, with EVs not only consuming energy, but also potentially supplying it back to the grid through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies. The entry of numerous independent sellers and buyers, including EV owners, into the market will lead to intense competition, resulting in rapid fluctuations in electricity prices and constant energy transactions to maximize profit for both buyers and sellers. Blockchain technology will play a crucial role in securing data publishing and transactions in this evolving scenario, ensuring transparent and efficient interactions between EVs and the grid. This survey paper explores key research challenges from an engineering design perspective of SG operation, such as the potential for voltage instability due to the integration of numerous EVs and distributed microgrids with fluctuating generation capacities and load demands. This paper also delves into the need for a synergistic balance to optimize the energy supply and demand equation. Additionally, it discusses policies and incentives that may be enforced by national electricity carriers to maintain grid reliability and manage the influx of EVs. Furthermore, this paper addresses emerging issues of SG technology providing primary charging infrastructure for EVs, such as incentivizing green energy, the technical difficulties in integrating diverse hetero-microgrids based on HVAC and HVDC technologies, challenges related to the speed of energy transaction processing during fluctuating prices, and vulnerabilities concerning cyber-attacks on blockchain-based SG architectures. Finally, future trends are discussed, including the impact of increased EV penetration on SGs, advancements in V2G technologies, load-shaping techniques, dynamic pricing mechanisms, and AI-based stability enhancement measures in the context of widespread SG adoption.
A Nighttime Driving-Scene Segmentation Method Based on Light-Enhanced Network
Authors: Bi Lihua , Zhang Wenjiao , Zhang Xiangfei , Li Canlin
Published: October 2024

To solve the semantic segmentation problem of night driving-scene images, which often have low brightness, low contrast, and uneven illumination, a nighttime driving-scene segmentation method based on a light-enhanced network was proposed. Firstly, we designed a light enhancement network, which comprises two parts: a color correction module and a parameter predictor. The color correction module mitigates the impact of illumination variations on the segmentation network by adjusting the color information of the image. Meanwhile, the parameter predictor accurately predicts the parameters of the image filter through the analysis of global content, including factors such as brightness, contrast, hue, and exposure level, thereby effectively enhancing the image quality. Subsequently, the output of the light enhancement network is input into the segmentation network to obtain the final segmentation prediction. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) values of 59.4% on the Dark Zurich-test dataset, outperforming other segmentation algorithms for nighttime driving-scenes.
Intervention Strategies to Reduce Maternal Mortality in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals: A Scoping Review
Authors: Olea-Ramirez Lucia Macarena , Leon-Larios Fatima , Corrales-Gutierrez Isabel
Published: October 2024

According to the United Nations Population Fund, approximately every two minutes, a woman dies, totalling approximately 800 deaths per day for reasons related to a maternal causes. Therefore, within the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda, the goal is to reduce the global maternal mortality rate to less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030. We aim to analyse strategies to reduce maternal mortality in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals, identify barriers that hinder their implementation, and analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their achievement. We performed a scoping review of the following databases and distributors of specialised information in the health area: PubMed, Medes, Lilacs, Cuiden, Cinahl, Scopus, SciELO, and websites of the United Nations (UN), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and Cooperanda. A total of 24 articles were reviewed. The results obtainded determined that reviewed studies agree that despite efforts to reduce maternal mortality, significant social and structural barriers still exist in developing countries that slow the implementation of strategies to protect maternal health, especially in the most at-risk populations, and the improvement of the health system. The main strategy consists of increasing the number of deliveries attended by qualified personnel, which is the greatest indicator of progress in reducing maternal mortality. To conclude, Economic, social, and political barriers remain in developing countries in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. The intervention that has shown the most success is the attendance of deliveries by qualified personnel. It is essential to prioritise maternal care, triangular cooperation, and effective connection between the different Sustainable Development Goals.
Changes in heavy metal levels in the oral fluid of young patients with and without plaque-induced gingivitis undergoing treatment with braces
Authors: Kosyreva T. F. , Gorshunova N. V. , Katbeh I. , Abakeliya K. , Al Okbi M. A. , Lhamza G.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Research into the effects of nickel-titanium alloys and heavy metal ions on the development of inflammatory oral diseases is becoming increasingly significant in orthodontics. The relationship between toxic elements and inflammatory responses remains under-researched and controversial. Data on the connection between heavy metals and inflammatory reactions could influence the choice of orthodontic appliance materials and guide the subsequent management and monitoring of patients with braces. The question of the safe use of nickel-titanium alloy braces continues to be a relevant concern.

Purpose. To assess the levels of heavy metals in the oral fluid of young patients with braces, both in those who developed plaque-induced gingivitis and those who did not.

Materials and Methods. The study involved 50 clinically healthy patients (Groups I and II health categories) with intact teeth, including patients with compensated dental caries (isolated carious lesions – Grade I) and no periodontal diseases (PMA index <20), presenting with dental crowding and malocclusion (K07.2, K07.3). The average age of the patients was 22.1 ± 2.7 years, all of whom were undergoing treatment with metal braces. Oral fluid samples were analyzed for 12 heavy metal elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in a laboratory setting. Additionally, lysozyme activity and oral fluid pH were measured before appliance placement and six months into orthodontic treatment.

Results. Adaptation to braces in young patients is frequently complicated by the development of gingivitis and periodontitis due to impaired oral hygiene and the mechanical pressure exerted on teeth and gums, leading to elemental imbalances. Patients with gingivitis during orthodontic treatment are particularly at risk of developing such imbalances and therefore require timely correction of their mineral metabolism.
A Flexible Algorithm Design of Spatial Scalability for Real-time Surveillance Applications
Authors: Zheng Zhe , Liu Jinghua , Sun Darui , Lu Jinghui , Qiu Song , Xiong Yanwei , Liu Rui , Cui Wenpeng
Published: October 2024

The Surveillance Video and Audio Coding )SVAC( working group is currently developing the third-generation video compression standard, SVAC 3.0. To extend this standard, this paper proposes a spatial scalable coding Scalable Surveillance Video Coding )SSVC( framework, so that the SVAC3.0 video stream can gracefully adapt to different transmission bandwidth limitations and the requirements of decoding hardware, while keep the quality of the reconstructed image without degradation. In order to achieve the scalability of hardware implementation, SSVC designs a flexible reference frame marking and usage scheme, so that the enhanced layer coding does not directly depend on the basic layer, and effectively reduces the coding coupling between layers. SSVC improves the motion vector prediction method, effectively utilizes the encoding information of the base layer, and is mainly compatible with SVAC3.0 syntax structures. In addition, SSVC provides several different operational modes to adapt to various application scenarios and achieve an optimal trade-off between coding efficiency and complexity. The performance comparisons among simulcast stream and SSVC, single-layer stream and SSVC enhancement layer, as well as experimental data for different operational modes are provided. The coding efficiency and computational complexity are also analyzed.
Comparison of the Effects of Gluma Gel, Sensodyne Repair and Protect Toothpaste, and an 810 nm Low Power Diode Laser on the Closure of Dentinal Tubules: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sharifzadeh Seyedeh Saba , Nasrollahi Parto , Azizi Arash , Lawaf Shirin
Published: October 2024

Introduction: One of the common problems among dental patients is tooth hypersensitivity. There are various treatments for hypersensitivity, such as gels, solutions, toothpaste, and laser treatments. This report examined the effect of three treatments, namely 810 nm wavelength diode laser, Gluma gel, and Sensodyne Repair and Protect toothpaste, on tooth hypersensitivity. Methods: This experimental survey selected 40 premolars free of caries, fractures, restorations, root canal therapy, or wear. The enamel of the midline in the cervical part of the buccal surface was removed by a bur (the area was 2*2 mm and the depth was 2 mm), and the samples were then prepared and divided into four groups. Sensodyne Repair and Protect toothpaste, Gluma gel, and an 810 nm diode laser with 0.5 W power were applied to three groups of teeth. The samples were analyzed by using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The data from the occluded dentinal tubules, partially occluded tubules, and open tubules were analyzed by using the Tamhane test. Results: The amount of occluded dentinal tubules was 83.2±9% in the laser group, 74.4±11.62% in the Gluma group, 67.1±18% in the Sensodyne group, and 15.03±3.39% in the control group. The difference between the treatment groups and the control group was meaningful (P<0.05). However, the difference between the Gluma group, the Sensodyne group, and the 810 nm laser group was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The three treatments (810 nm diode laser, Gluma, and Sensodyne) were all effective in occluding dentinal tubules compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between these three treatment methods (P>0.05).
Effects of Photobiomodulation Using Low-Power Diode Laser Therapy and Nano-bone on Mandibular Bone Regeneration in Rats
Authors: Abdelgawad Latifa Mohamed , Mohamed Kawashty Ali , Zaky Ahmed Abbas
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Recently, the positive effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) and nano-bone on bone regeneration have garnered significant attention. The purpose of the research was to assess the impact of PBM and nano-bone on the process of mandibular bone repair in mice. Methods: A 4-mm diameter bone defect was created in the left mandibular angle of 24 mice separated into 4 equal groups: group I: control; group II: PBM by irradiation at 100 mW of a 980 nm diode laser for one minute (three sessions per week; day on and day off); group III: nano-bone; group IV: PBM with nano-bone. Every group was sectioned into 3 equal subgroups corresponding to the evaluation method period: (A) one week, (B) two weeks, and (C) four weeks. Histological examination was done with hematoxylin, eosin, and Masson’s Trichrome after one, two and four weeks for inflammation, bone defect coverage, vascularization within the newly formed bone, and new bone formation. Statistical analysis of the data was done and presented as percentage values using chi-square. The significance level was set at P value≤0.05 within all tests. Results: In general, by histological examination of the mandibular bone defect of the rats, the intensity of inflammation was the least in group IV when compared with groups II and III and the control group at all evaluation periods (P<0.001). Also, group IV showed a high significant rise in the percentage of new bone formation following four weeks when compared with the control (P≤ 0.001) and groups II and III (P<0.001). Conclusion: The present research results confirmed that the combination of PBM and nano-bone can aid in the repair of mandibular bone abnormalities. This animal study suggests that the use of PBM and nano-bone should be investigated further in clinical studies.
ON THE ISSUE OF DESIGNING WEAVES OF TWO-HOLLOW FABRICS WITH LINING BASES
Authors: Tsvetkova Nadezhda A. , Tolubeeva Galina I.
Published: October 2024

The article analyses works devoted to the development of design methods for warp-pile fabrics with lining, which showed that methods for calculating the parameters and algorithms for constructing such weaves are absent in known literary sources. The authors propose a method for designing weaves of two-piece warp-pile fabrics with lining bases, with the possibility of their production on a loom with single-shed and double-shed weaving methods. An algorithm for construction has been developed, formulas for calculating the parameters of weaves have been proposed, allowing increasing the thickness, strengthen the structure and increase the service life of warp-pile fabrics. An example of constructing a filling pattern of a two-piece warp-pile fabric with lining bases with single-shed and double-shed weaving methods is given. Velvets, plush, artificial fur and carpets with cut pile are produced according to the considered technology.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SEED SHAFT TURBER OF THE LINTER MACHINE
Authors: Yunusov Salohiddin Z. , Makhmudova Shakhnoza A. , Kasimova Dilafruz A.
Published: October 2024

It is noted that the main factor in reducing the quality of the lint is its contamination caused by the increased content of crushed seeds. The latter is explained by the mechanical impact on the seed roller from the rigid elements of the working bodies of the linter machine, such as saws, grates and agitator. The magnitude of this impact largely depends on the density of the seed roller itself. In addition, its high density is the cause of additional energy costs for its rotation. To reduce the dynamic loads on the seeds in the roller, an original design of agitator with elastic inclined blades separated by elastic bushings is proposed. The proposed agitator provides intensive mixing of seeds in the seed roller both in the axial direction and in the direction of its rotation. It is shown that agitator with elastic blades allows to reduce energy costs by 20 % and reduce seed damage by 0.3 %