bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actividad electrodérmica como indicador preventivo de complicaciones por neuropatía periférica
Authors: Romero-Ante Juan David , Vicente-Samper Jose Maria , Manrique-Cordoba Juliana , Esteve-Sala Vicente , De la Casa Lillo Miguel Angel , Sabater Navarro Jose Maria
Published: August 2024

La neuropatía periférica (NP) es una afección causada por el daño a los nervios periféricos, responsables del movimiento de los brazos y piernas. La NP puede afectar los nervios autónomos, alterando la función sudomotora y generando piel seca y agrietada. Este artículo explora el uso de las propiedades eléctricas de la piel para medir la actividad electrodérmica (EDA) y su utilidad en la evaluación del grado de afectación de la NP. Se ofrece una visión general de la NP y las características de la señal de EDA, así como algunos modelos eléctricos utilizados para su medición. Además, se revisan estudios que relacionan la EDA con el nivel de afectación del paciente. Finalmente, se presenta el diseño de un circuito electrónico para medir la EDA, con el objetivo de desarrollar un sistema portátil capaz de monitorizar en tiempo real la conductancia eléctrica de la piel de la planta del pie, facilitando el seguimiento a nivel ambulatorio de los pacientes.
Aprendizaje de la señal de control para un electrolizador tipo PEM
Authors: Becerra-Mora Yeyson , Chicaiza William D. , Barros-Queiroz Juliana Sobral , Acosta J. Á. , Escaño Juan Manuel
Published: August 2024

Este trabajo propone el aprendizaje de una señal de control para un electrolizador tipo PEM, considerando variables de entrada y salida del sistema como la corriente eléctrica suministrada por una fuente fotovoltaica, la temperatura ambiente y la energía disipada por el caudal del sistema de refrigeración acoplado al electrolizador. Los datos de corriente eléctrica y temperatura ambiente son medidos por el sistema. Por otro lado, los datos de energía disipada por el caudal del sistema de refrigeración fueron obtenidos a partir de simulaciones de un controlador de temperatura que utiliza la técnica de Control Predictivo Basado en Modelo (MPC). Se proponen dos técnicas de aprendizaje: Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) / Gaussian Mixture Regression (GMR) y un modelo NeuroFuzzy (NF). Los resultados de las simulaciones demuestran que las técnicas de aprendizaje modelaron con precisión el comportamiento de la señal de control en el electrolizador.
Crazyflie como plataforma educativa
Authors: Caballero Martin Daniel , Satama Bermeo Geovanny , Affou Hicham , Teso Fz. de Betoño Daniel , Aramendia Iñigo , Lopez Guede Jose Manuel
Published: August 2024

La significativa evolución y mejora de los drones ha impulsado su uso como plataforma de experimentación en el campo de la Automática, tanto en educación como en investigación, destacándose su modularidad y versatilidad. Este artículo ofrece una revisión de las principales configuraciones posibles con los drones Crazyflie de Bitcraze, una plataforma flexible y con muchas posibilidades para la formación en Automática. Su diseño compacto facilita la integración de nuevos sensores y módulos, así como la explicación de sistemas de posicionamiento como Lighthouse y Loco Positioning. También se introducen las implementaciones de controladores PID para garantizar la estabilidad y control del vuelo, que son modificables por el alumnado. Además, se analizan los beneficios de usar drones en entornos educativos, mejorando tanto la enseñanza práctica como teórica en Automática. En resumen, este estudio reconoce el impacto transformador de los drones en la educación en Automática y destaca su papel en la innovación educativa, creando un entorno académico más dinámico y atractivo.
Clasificación de capturas de smishing con aprendizaje profundo e IRIS
Authors: Blanco Medina Pablo , Carofilis Andrés , Fidalgo Eduardo , Alegre Enrique
Published: August 2024

El Smishing es una variante del Phishing que utiliza el Servicio de Mensajes Cortos, los smartphones y la confianza de los usuarios en los servicios de mensajería como herramientas de comunicación para poder llevar a cabo actividades maliciosas. Los usuarios suelen informan de estos mensajes a los Equipos de Respuesta ante Emergencias Informáticas a través de capturas de pantalla de sus teléfonos. Estos equipos pueden beneficiarse de una herramienta que clasifique las capturas de pantalla en distintas categorías, antes de extraer su contenido. Comparamos el rendimiento de Redes Neuronales Convolucionales y Vision Transformers, pre-entrenados en conjuntos de datos como ImageNet, para clasificar estas capturas de smishing en dos categorías: texto dividido en múltiples líneas y texto unido. Publicamos un nuevo conjunto de datos, IRIS-244, que contiene 244 capturas de pantalla de mensajes Smishing con URLs de phishing. Combinando estas arquitecturas con técnicas de augmentación, descubrimos que Xception es la arquitectura con el mejor rendimiento, con una precisión media de $78.36$.
Breve revisión sobre inventario automatizado de señalética con drones
Authors: Satama Bermeo Geovanny , Caballero Martín Daniel , Affou Hicham , Ramos-Hernanz Josean , Aramendia Iñigo , Lopez Guede Jose
Published: August 2024

Este artículo presenta una breve revisión sobre la generación automatizada de inventarios de señalización vial mediante drones y aprendizaje profundo, utilizando la metodología PRISMA. Se analizaron 30 artículos de bases de datos académicas como Google Scholar, Science Direct y Web of Science. Los estudios revisados destacan las ventajas del uso de drones para la captura de imágenes y datos Lidar, así como la aplicación de algoritmos de inteligencia artificial para el procesamiento y análisis de datos. La literatura muestra que estas tecnologías permiten una gestión más eficiente y precisa de la señalización vial, mejorando la seguridad y la planificación urbana. También se identifican desafíos y futuras líneas de investigación, como la integración de diferentes tipos de sensores y el desarrollo de modelos más robustos para la detección y clasificación de señalización.
Aspirador quirúrgico autónomo para una intervención de cirugía laparoscópica
Authors: Rivas Blanco Irene , Góngora Rodríguez Eva , López-Casado Carmen , Caballero Roldán Manuel
Published: August 2024

La automatización de tareas quirúrgicas representa un campo de investigación en auge. En las últimas décadas, la integración de la robótica y la inteligencia artificial en los entornos quirúrgicos ha mostrado un gran potencial para mejorar la precisión, eficiencia y seguridad de los procedimientos quirúrgicos. La capacidad de los sistemas para realizar tareas repetitivas con gran precisión y sin fatiga, combinada con su capacidad para procesar y analizar grandes volúmenes de datos en tiempo real, ofrece oportunidades sin precedentes para transformar la práctica quirúrgica.En este trabajo se pretende dar un paso más en el campo de los robots quirúrgicos autónomos desarrollando un asistente robótico para el aspirado automático de sangrado durante una intervención laparoscópica. Para ello se ha desarrollado un algoritmo de detección de sangrado basado en una red neuronal convolucional. Además, se ha automatizado un aspirador quirúrgico convencional, de manera que pueda realizar su función de forma automática acoplado al efector final de un brazo robótico.
Clasificación de señales EEG para aplicaciones BCI de imaginación motora
Authors: Omari Sara , Omari Adil , Abderrahim Fichouche Mohamed , Adu-Dakka Fares J.
Published: August 2024

La decodificación de señales EEG constituye la base de la mayoría de los estudios de interfaces cerebro-computadora. Una técnica prominente de preprocesamiento para estas señales implica el uso de matrices de covarianza. Este método ha ganado una amplia aplicación en los últimos años, particularmente en el procesamiento de señales EEG y el filtrado espacial para BCI de imaginación motora. Dado que las matrices de covarianza residen dentro de la variedad Riemanniana de matrices SPD, la aplicación de la geometría Riemanniana ha demostrado ser un enfoque robusto y de alto rendimiento. Con el fin de interpretar las señales cerebrales para aplicaciones futuras en robótica médica y sistemas de control, este artículo presenta un método que proyecta estas matrices de covarianza desde su espacio Riemanniano nativo a múltiples espacios tangentes, lo que permite el uso de clasificadores convencionales como la regresión logística y las máquinas de vectores de soporte. Nuestros resultados demuestran que este enfoque supera significativamente el método de proyección única.
Simulación de interacción humano-robot basada en la mirada en entornos virtuales
Authors: Menendez Elisabeth , Martínez Santiago , Monje Concepción Alicia , Balaguer Carlos
Published: August 2024

Este artículo presenta un nuevo método de interacción humano-robot mediante el seguimiento de la mirada en entornos virtuales. Este enfoque reproduce aplicaciones reales en las que el usuario, equipado con gafas de seguimiento ocular, indica al robot qué objetos necesita fijando su mirada. Esta interacción se ha implementado en el simulador Gazebo, donde el usuario controla una cámara flotante con un mando. La cámara flotante imita la vista que ofrecen las gafas de seguimiento ocular y muestra esta perspectiva en la pantalla situada frente al usuario. Además, se instala una cámara dirigida hacia su rostro para determinar la zona de la pantalla que está observando. Utilizando esta información en el método de identificación del umbral de dispersión, se distingue eficazmente entre fijaciones y movimientos sacádicos de la mirada. Los experimentos preliminares realizados demuestran que el sistema es capaz de identificar el objeto en el que el usuario fija su mirada en entornos virtuales.
Apuestas al desarrollo de talentos EN estudiantes con altas capacidades en Paraguay
Authors: Barrios Liz Aurora , Vuyk Alexandra
Published: August 2024

Este estudio busca analizar el marco normativo existente en Paraguay para la atención a estudiantes con altas capacidades intelectuales, con el fin de identificar desafíos y oportunidades. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo y transversal, utilizando una metodología descriptiva y exploratoria para el análisis bibliográfico de la legislación relevante. El análisis reveló un marco legal general y específico, centrado en la Ley 5136/13 y la Resolución 1188/23, que aborda la atención de niños y adolescentes con altas capacidades. Se destaca la importancia de desarrollar políticas que mejoren el acceso de estos estudiantes, especialmente aquellos con recursos limitados, a programas de calidad. Se sugiere la promoción de la excelencia educativa, tanto dentro como fuera de Paraguay, anticipando y respondiendo a los desafíos específicos que enfrenta este grupo. La investigación subraya la necesidad de políticas inclusivas y efectivas para apoyar el desarrollo integral de estudiantes con altas capacidades en diferentes etapas educativas.
How the Interventionalists Can Improve the Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Buch Ashesh , Ferguson Jr T Bruce
Published: August 2024

N/A
Managing obesity with lifestyle modification, outcomes, and recommendations
Authors: Araromi Niyi , Okoronkwo Chibuzor , Erinne Okechukwu , Dada Tinuade , Falade Ifeoluwa , Annonye Beloveth , Agada Abieyuwa , Okobi Rita , Okobi Okelue , Akpamgbo Emmanuel , Obodo Okiemute
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic illness affecting people from all regions and socioeconomic classes. Body Mass Index (BMI) is the measure used to define overweight and obese individuals. A BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight and more than 30 is considered obese. The prevalence of obesity has increased drastically in the last few decades making it an important health problem worldwide. Objectives: The objective of this research paper is to identify various recent scholarly sources that focus on the importance of lifestyle modifications in the prevention of obesity and associated illnesses. Methods: The articles were searched using databases such as PubMed, NCBI, UpToDate, BMJ, and other sources. The keywords used were obesity, overweight, lifestyle modifications, dietary modifications, exercise, modifiable factors, and other related words. Articles published after 2000, those with a high number of citations, larger sample size, experimental evidence, and done in larger institutes were selected. Results: The studies provided evidence that lifestyle modifications as the most important factor in the reduction of overweight and obesity. Dietary modifications such as low-calorie, low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean diet, etc., done regularly or intermittently helped in weight loss. Exercise and physical activity were identified as the second-best interventions for weight management. Additionally, behavior and cognitive therapy is another intervention. The research paper also identifies outcomes of lifestyle modifications and the challenges and barriers faced by individuals. Conclusion: Obesity can be successfully reduced by modification of dietary habits, improving patient-physician relationships, educating the masses about management strategies, and most importantly, inculcating more physical activity in daily life.
Multidisciplinary management of phyllodes tumor: A case report and comprehensive approach from diagnosis to treatment
Authors: Camejo Natalia , Vitureira Florencia , Castillo Cecilia , Guerrina Maria , Amarillo Dahiana , Cristiani Andrea , Cossa Juan , Guastavino Andres , Guarneri Carolina , Lavista Fernando , Bergeret Frances , Giachero Virginia , Lorenzo Federico , Krygier Gabriel
Published: August 2024

Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial tumors, accounting for 2% to 3% of these neoplasms and less than 1% of all breast tumors. The standard treatment for localized disease is surgical intervention with wide margins, ideally more than 1 cm, which significantly improves local control and reduces recurrence rates. This case report describes the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges encountered in managing a 46- year-old patient with a malignant phyllodes tumor. We discuss the multidisciplinary approach required for optimal management, including surgical techniques, and the controversial roles of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The report underscores the necessity of personalized treatment plans and highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and tailored therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes in these rare and complex tumors. Keywords: Phyllodes tumor, Surgery, Prognosis, Breast neoplasm, Fibroepithelial lesion
Understanding the Chronic Disease Management Programs: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Gbigbi-Jackson Grace , Aguguo John , Okobi Okelue , Iyun Oluwatosin , Mbah Linda , Odutola Oluwadamilola
Published: August 2024

Chronic diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), persist over a year and necessitate ongoing medical attention or limit daily activities, posing significant challenges to global healthcare systems and economies. Chronic disease management programs (CDMPs) aim to provide comprehensive, patient- centered care worldwide. This review synthesizes evidence from diverse studies, including observational research, systematic reviews, randomized trials, and retrospective analyses, to evaluate CDMP effectiveness across different populations and settings. Positive impacts include Chronic Disease Self- Management Education workshops reducing loneliness among older adults, eHealth interventions enhancing self- management skills and quality of life for chronic kidney disease patients, and lifestyle interventions benefiting cardiovascular health in low-income women. Technological innovations, such as personalized messaging systems, have improved engagement in diabetes prevention. CDMPs are pivotal in enhancing clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and reducing healthcare utilization through tailored, multidisciplinary approaches integrating technology. Challenges include ensuring consistent implementation and addressing access disparities. Future research should refine strategies, assess long-term sustainability, and explore innovative approaches to optimize chronic disease management globally. Continuous evolution of CDMPs is essential to mitigate chronic disease impacts, improving health outcomes and quality of life globally. Keywords: Chronic diseases, CDMPs, patient-centered care, effectiveness evaluation, multidisciplinary approaches, global health
A Comprehensive Review of Effective Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Programs in Healthcare Facilities
Authors: Falade Ifeoluwa , Gyampoh Gideon , Akpamgbo Emmanuel , Chika Oragui , Obodo Okiemute , Okobi Okelue , Aguguo John , Chukwu Victor
Published: August 2024

Ensuring patient safety and enhancing quality of care are paramount objectives in healthcare, pivotal for minimizing errors and optimizing care outcomes. This review synthesizes diverse strategies aimed at improving patient safety and quality across various healthcare sectors. Key initiatives highlighted include specialized training programs for ICU handovers, leadership practices in radiology, and enhancing interprofessional communication to bolster medication safety. The review underscores the positive impact of these strategies on fostering a culture of safety among hospital staff, drawing insights from nationwide safety protocols and simulation-based training in oncology. Furthermore, the review discusses advancements such as machine learning applications in pre-hospital care, standardized prescription protocols, and cultural safety initiatives tailored for Indigenous populations, all significantly improving healthcare outcomes. Additional critical areas encompass structured case management, frameworks for pandemic management, virtual interprofessional education initiatives, incident reporting enhancements in surgical settings, and interventions addressing verbal mistreatment in mental health settings. These efforts highlight the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, evidence-based practices, and continuous improvement in optimizing patient outcomes and healthcare delivery. In conclusion, the review emphasizes the effectiveness of diverse strategies and interventions in enhancing patient safety and quality improvement across healthcare settings. These main safety strategies include targeted training programs like the "Room of Improvement" simulation, which enhances error detection during ICU handovers. Standardized practices and effective communication across healthcare facilities ensure consistent quality care. Virtual interprofessional education improves teamwork and discharge processes. Early integration of quality improvement and patient safety education in health curricula equips students with essential skills. Zero-harm programs and simulation-based training also significantly enhance patient safety and readiness to manage complex situations. Each approach plays a crucial role in mitigating risks and cultivating a robust safety culture, from targeted training and leadership practices to innovative technologies. Embracing proactive measures, interdisciplinary teamwork, and ongoing learning is essential for achieving safer and more effective healthcare delivery globally, underscoring the need for integrated strategies to enhance patient care amidst evolving challenges. Keywords: Patient safety, quality improvement, interdisciplinary collaboration, healthcare outcomes, culture of safety, healthcare delivery, review
Evaluation of Onychomycosis in Nail Psoriasis: Comparison of Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Grynszpan Rachel , Barreiros Maria , Paixão Marilene , Aguinaga Felipe , Quintella Danielle , Ramos-e-Silva Marcia , Carneiro Sueli
Published: August 2024

Background: Epidemiological studies indicate that onychomycosis may affect up to 79% of psoriatic patients. Onychomycosis in psoriatic patients is more commonly caused by yeasts comparing with non-psoriatic. There are different methods for diagnosing onychomycosis that could be used separated or together. Objectives: To compare the histopathological findings (nail clipping) with Direct Mycological Examination (DME) and mycological culture on patients with psoriasis and nail psoriasis. Methods: Eighty-three finger nails of 12 patients with the diagnosis of nail psoriasis were analyzed. None were under topical therapy or the nails. Samples for clipping, Direct Mycological Examination and mycological culture were collected. The proportions were analyzed using the chi-square test. The comparison of Direct Mycological Examination, mycological culture and clipping results were analyzed through sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. Spss® 22 software was used for the analysis. Results: Direct Mycological Examination x mycological culture: Direct Mycological Examination and mycological culture show agreement regarding their negative test. Of the 51 negative mycological culture exams, 5 were positive on Direct Mycological Examination and of the 51 negatives on Direct Mycological Examination, 5 were positive on mycological culture (p<0,0000). Therefore, Direct Mycological Examination and mycological culture are reliable and complementary methods on diagnosis of onychomycosis. Clipping x mycological culture: in the 51 negative mycological culture tests, were found 30 positive clipping tests (61.2%). Of the 34 negatives clipping, 13 were considered positive on mycological culture (38,2%) (p=0,96). Clipping x Direct Mycological Examination + mycological culture: Of the 56 negative results Direct Mycological Examination +mycological culture, 32 were positive on clipping (57,1%). Of the 34 negatives clipping, 10 were considered positive on Direct Mycological Examination + mycological culture (37%) (p: 0,613). This means that nail clipping “rescues” negative results from mycological culture. In Direct Mycological Examination there was a predominance of blastoconidia. No septae hyphae were detected. In mycological culture, the most prevalente fungi was Candida. There was no dermatophyte growth. Conclusion: Nail clipping was positive more than half of the negative samples for mycological culture, and can be considered a great diagnostic aid, complementary to Direct Mycological Examination and mycological culture. These results are consistent with some previous reports, Candida was the fungus with higher frequency on the psoriatic nails, however, the role of these fungi is controversial (contamination x colonization x infection). Keywords: psoriasis, onychomycosis, nail clipping, direct mycological exam, mycological culture
Programa de mejoramiento de la calidad educativa en instituciones educativas oficiales de Cundinamarca
Authors: Rincón Cárdenas Claudia Johanna , Quijano Godoy Lina Marcela , Rodríguez Hernández Francy Lilly
Published: August 2024

The Educational Quality Improvement Program of the Fundacion Alquería Cavelier seeks to strengthen public education and close rural-urban and publicprivate gaps responding to the purpose of contributing to social and economic development through education. In 2011 it started in 6 official schools of Cajicá, its good results involved new municipalities. Since 2021 partnerships between the Education Secretary of Cundinamarca and non-profit foundations such as Fundación Nutresa, Fundación Lazos de Calandaima and Fundación Social Payandé have allowed it to be implemented in 100 schools in 30 municipalities. It benefits School Directors, Teachers, Grade 11 Students and Families through seven components: Educational Leadership, School Management and School Leadership (School Directors), Teacher Training and Socio-Emotional Competencies (Classroom Teachers), SABER 11 training (Grade 11 Students) and Family School (Counselors, Teachers and families). The results of the evaluation system based on the Donald Kirkpatrick Model showed: trust and credibility as a sustainable process with educational communities, improvement in student results, public-private alliances are fundamental to guarantee the sustainability of the program and contribute to the fulfillment of territorial development goals.
Exploring nanomedicine in cancer: Diagnosis, treatment and its potential applications
Authors: Mulla Jameel Ahmed S. , Kapse Mukesh Vinod
Published: August 2024

This review explores the various applications of nanomedicine in cancer characterization, diagnosis, treatment and targeted therapy. Both active and passive strategies are used by nanoparticles to target cancer cells. Nanoparticles can be engineered to carry imaging agents that permit for the visualization of tumors at the molecular and mobile tiers. Techniques inclusive of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) can be greater the use of nanoparticle evaluation sellers, providing unique records about the tumor's length, form, and location. Moreover, nanoparticles can facilitate the controlled release of drugs and increase drug release efficiency with fewer side effects. Nanomaterials such as microbubbles are used as molecular imaging agents for ultrasound imaging. A greater surface area, a higher volume proportion, and improved targeting skills are just a few of the remarkable characteristics of nanoparticles. Furthermore, because they don't harm healthy cells as much, they can functionally enter tissues and epithelium, increasing their bioavailability and half-life. Many medications are now offered or coated with nanoparticles to directly target tumors or damaged organs without endangering healthy tissues or cells. Numerous nanoparticle kinds, including dendrimers, graphene, fullerene, metallic, magnetic, polymeric, metal oxide, quantum dots, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, may find use in the detection and therapy of cancer. Because of their antioxidant properties, nanoparticles have been shown in numerous studies to exhibit intrinsic anticancer activity and to suppress the growth of malignancies. Nanomedicine has emerged as a transformative approach in cancer treatment and diagnosis. This review covers the latest diagnostic procedures, therapeutic treatment and potential applications of nanomedices.
HIERRO BANDEADO EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Galvis Vergara Jaime , Gómez Villalba Luz Stella
Published: August 2024

En Colombia se ha localizado un depósito de hierro bandeado de grandes dimensiones. En el presente artículo se describen algunas de sus características mineralógicas, la secuencia estratigráfica en la que se encuentra, su relación con las unidades litológicas identificadas en la Amazonía de Colombia y sus analogías y diferencias con depósitos de hierro bandeado en varias partes del Mundo. Se describen además estromatolitos silíceos que lo infrayacen y su posible relación genética con el yacimiento de hierro. Dichos estromatolitos presentan además ocurrencias auríferas, cuya génesis parece estar directamente relacionada al ambiente químico local generado por la actividad biológica.
THREE NEW RAINFROGS OF THE ELEUTHERODACTYLUS DIASTEMA GROUP FROM COLOMBIA AND PANAMA
Authors: Lynch John D.
Published: August 2024

Frogs of the Eleutherodactylus diastema group are found in the lowlands of western Colombia and are represented by six species. Ten species are recognized in this species group distributed from Nicaragua to Ecuador. Two of the species (E. chalceus and E. scolodiscus) are placed in a plesiomorphic subgroup whereas the other eight species of the group are placed in the diastema subgroup (including three species described as new, two from the northern part of the biogeographic Chocó and one from the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central). As many as four species are found sympatrically in the northern lowlands of the Chocó (all separated neatly by differences in body size).
GRANULITAS DE LOS MANGOS, UN FRAGMENTO GRENVILLIANO EN LA PARTE ORIENTAL DE LA SIERRA NEVADA DE SANTA MARTA
Authors: Ordóñez Carmona Oswaldo , Pimentel Márcio M. , De Moraes Renato
Published: August 2024

Las Granulitas de Los Mangos conforman el basamento metamórfico de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Es una secuencia bandeada de metamorfitas con predominio de gneises, granulitas y anfibolitas. Algunas de las asociaciones mineralógicas son típicas de la facies granulita, destacándose las de ortopiroxeno-granate-mesopertita, ortoclasa-granate-biotita y clinopiroxeno-cuarzo.
Con el par granate-roca total se obtuvo una edad isocrónica Sm-Nd de 971 ± 8 Ma, interpretada como la edad del metamorfismo de alto grado asociado al evento orogénico Grenville.
Las edades modelo TDM entre 1.47 y 1.92 Ga y los valores εNd(T=971 Ma) entre +0.37 y -5.02, sugieren para los protolitos de las Granulitas de Los Mangos la presencia de materiales corticales tan antiguos como ~1.9 Ga.
ALGUNOS PROBLEMAS DE PRESERVACIÓN LINEAL SOBRE LOS ESPACIOS DE MATRICES SIMÉTRICAS, ANTISIMÉTRICAS Y HERMITIANAS
Authors: Sarria Zapata Humberto
Published: August 2024

El teorema central de este artículo caracteriza las transformaciones lineales que preservan simultáneamente matrices simétricas y antisimétricas complejas. También damos algunas caracterizaciones para las transformaciones ortogonales complejas y unitarias que preservan matrices simétricas y hermitianas, respectivamente.
EL CARBÓN Y SU PROBLEMÁTICA AMBIENTAL
Authors: Rincón José M.
Published: August 2024

Se hace una revisión de los principales usos del carbón, su mecanismo de transformación a coque y productos líquidos. Se comenta cómo el carbón es fuente de combustibles libres de azufre y nitrógeno, y para combustibles de celdas de combustión como hidrógeno y metanol. Es además materia prima para la obtención de carbón activado, material indispensable en el tratamiento de aguas y para la obtención de materia orgánica utilizada en el mejoramiento de suelos, reducción del uso de fertilizantes inorgánicos e incremento de las cosechas agrícolas en la agricultura orgánica.
"Ciência Jovem”, mais que um evento: uma estratégia pedagógica para estimular a experimentação e a pesquisa na escola
Authors: Coelho Fabiana , Pavão Antonio Carlos
Published: August 2024

Este artigo é baseado na experiência da feira Ciência Jovem e busca refletir sobre o conceito de feira de Ciência. Partimos da perspectiva lançada por José Reis, que, em 1965, considerou a feira de Ciência como uma “revolução pedagógica”. Para que essa perspectiva se torne efetiva, é necessário criar raízes nas escolas, fomentando uma educação científica focada na experimentação e na pesquisa. A Ciência Jovem, realizada há 29 anos pelo Espaço Ciência – Museu Interativo de Ciência de Pernambuco –, é um exemplo de como uma feira de Ciência pode ir além do evento anual e se inserir no contexto escolar: desde formações de professores e fomento à realização de feiras escolares e municipais até cláusulas no regulamento, que estimulam a pesquisa continuada na escola. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um relato de experiência para repensar as feiras de Ciência como iniciativas que excedem os eventos e se configuram como sementes de uma transformação pedagógica. É fundamental que tais iniciativas sejam encaradas como oportunidades de incentivar a curiosidade e a criatividade dos alunos, estimulando-os a serem protagonistas de sua aprendizagem e da construção de instrumentos para a transformação social.
Clustering using table constraint satisfaction methods
Authors: Zuenko A.A. ,   Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre «Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences»,  Putilov Institute for Informatics and Mathematical Modeling, Zuenko O.N. ,   Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre «Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences»,  Putilov Institute for Informatics and Mathematical Modeling
Published: August 2024

The research focuses on developing cluster analysis methods, specifically clustering methods with partial teacher involvement, where background knowledge from the subject area is used when assigning objects to classes. The traditional approach to this problem involves modifying existing clustering methods, most of which are local search meth-ods. The article proposes a systematic approach to searching for optimal partitions within the constraint programming paradigm. The originality of this research lies in solving the clustering problem as a constraint satisfaction problem, utilizing specialized table constraints, known as D-type smart tables, to model basic and additional conditions. Table constraint reduction rules are employed to organize logical inference procedures on D-type smart tables. The ad-vantages of this approach are discussed, demonstrating how analyzing one of the optimal solutions can help identify objects on the boundary of clusters and those belonging to the same cluster for any optimal partition.
IMMUNOLOGICAL, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ORAL FLUID IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL CLEFT PALATE AND POSTOPERATIVE PALATE DEFECT
Authors: Chuykin Oleg , Bilak Anna , Kuchuk Kristina , Davletshin Nail' , Dyumeev Rustam , AKATYEVA Galina , Makusheva Natal'ya
Published: August 2024

Objectives. Immunological, biochemical and physicochemical analysis of oral fluid in children with congenital cleft palate.
Purpose. To analyze oral fluid in children with congenital cleft palate to determine the levels of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6), lysozyme, secretory immunoglobulin A, interferon gamma and evaluate biochemical (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, protein) and physicochemical (salivation rate, kinematic viscosity, pH) parameters of mixed saliva.
Methodology. The article presents the results of a laboratory study of the parameters of the oral fluid of 90 children aged 2–5 years with congenital cleft and 45 practically healthy children of the same age.
Results. In children 2–5 years old with congenital cleft palate, according to immunological parameters of the oral fluid, there is a decrease in the amount of cytokines in the oral fluid (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6), lysozyme, secretory immunoglobulin-A, interferon gamma, which indicates deficiencies of local immunity in the oral cavity and low resistance to bacterial infections. An increase in the kinematic viscosity of the oral fluid and a decrease in protein levels were noted.
Conclusions. Laboratory confirmation was obtained of the presence of a local inflammatory process in the oral cavity and a decrease in local immunological anti-inflammatory factors in the oral fluid. Changes in the immunological and rheological properties of oral fluid in children with congenital cleft palate lead to disturbances in the process of self-cleaning of the mucous membrane and teeth, which in the postoperative period creates high risks for the formation of infection and inflammation of the wound after uranoplasty.
THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE ASPECTS OF THE CHEWING GUM USE IN DENTAL PATIENTS (LITERATURE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW)
Authors: Gileva Ol'ga , Sadovskiy Vladimir , Kisel'nikova Larisa , Libik Tatiana , Ogareva Anna
Published: August 2024

The aim of the systematic review was to search and analyze publications on prospective areas of chewing gum use (including hygienic oral care, diagnostic potential and complex treatment of diseases and conditions of the dental profile) in dentistry as well as in gastroenterology and cognitive psychology.
Materials and methods of research. The review presents the results of the materials analysis from the original full-text articles, systematic reviews and meta-analysis (with analysis of cited references) in Russian and English, reflecting various therapeutic and preventive areas of chewing gum use in patients with various dental and systemic diseases; abstracts of reports were not be analysed.
Information sources. Electronic databases eLibrary, Cyberlenika, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library.
The results of the research and discussion. According to the specified requirements, at the first stage 481 publications were selected and analyzed; the search depth is up to 35 years. After the screening the material, taking into account the keywords specification, 132 publications were selected, including meta-analyses.
Conclusions. Various therapeutic and prophylactic directions of the chewing gum use in patients with various dental and systemic diseases were presented; The authors generalized position of publications is that the main condition for classifying chewing gum as an oral hygiene product is the absence of sugar in it and the presence of ingredients that determine therapeutic and prophylactic effects specifically: cleansing, anti-carious, anti-inflammatory, deodorizing effect, stimulation of salivation; specific effects (due to the introduction of therapeutic and prophylactic additives into chewing gums); stimulation of blood circulation in the tissues of the mucoparodontal complex; positive effect on cognitive activity, on the mood of the individual, on concentration of attention; reduction of esophageal reflux symptoms.
ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS FOR XEROSTOMIA AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE OF STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF DENTISTRY OF THE URAL STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Elovicova Tat'yana , Sablina Svetlana , Ermishina Elena , Mandra Yuliya , Koshchev Anatoly , Makerova Natalia , Gegalina N. , Shimova Margarita , Litvinenko Daria
Published: August 2024

Subject. Xerostomia.
Objectives. To analyze risk factors, to identify the incidence of xerostomia and a healthy lifestyle of students of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Ural State Medical University (USMU).
Methodology. The work was carried out at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry and Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases, at the Department of General Chemistry of USMU, at the Department of Controlled Systems Modeling of UrFU. The objects of the study were: a questionnaire consisting of two parts and volunteers – students of the Faculty of Dentistry of USMU. The first part of the questionnaire is based on the questionnaire "List of cases of xerostomia" modified by the authors of this study to 12 questions. The second part of the questionnaire (author's) consists of 29 questions on a healthy lifestyle (HLS), which also affect the development of xerostomia. Thus, the total number of questions in the questionnaire was 41. Statistical processing of the results was carried out on a personal computer using the Microsoft Excel 2007 application software package; the reliability of the differences was assessed by the Student's t-distribution using the Statistica 6.0 software package; the confidence interval for mathematical expectation M ± m was determined, where M is the sample average. The differences are considered.
Conclusions. Students of the Faculty of Dentistry of USMU adhere to the rules aimed at maintaining the health of the oral cavity: they change their toothbrush (from 3 to 5 times a year – 85%), brush their teeth for at least three minutes (more than 48%) twice a day (77.7%) and use additional means of interdental hygiene (76.7%). 38% indicate dry lips. Dryness in the nose is emphasized by 14.1% of students. "Dry mouth is associated with elevated blood sugar", 2% of the study participants noted. It is advisable to investigate the problem of prevention of dental diseases, individual and professional oral hygiene programs, as well as regular general hygiene measures and the elimination of bad habits among students.
THE STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF THE STEROID HORMONE CORTISOL IN THE SALIVA OF CIVIL AVIATION PILOTS AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS FOR ASSESSING RELATIONSHIP WITH THEIR DENTAL STATUS
Authors: Korol'kova Kristina , Bykova Marina , Bykov Denis , Parunov Vitaly
Published: August 2024

Functional and structural changes in the muscles, temporomandibular joint and hormonal composition of saliva may be closely related to the state of the flight crew’s anti-stress system.
In order to study the effect of the level of the steroid hormone cortisol in saliva on the condition of the dental system of civil aviation pilots and flight attendance, its quantitative assessment was carried out by laboratory analysis. A clinical oral exam and a short Hamburg test were conducted to evaluate dental status for all examinees.
Both groups were divided into subgroups according to the number of flight hours: «<1500 hours», «1500–3000 hours» and «>3000 hours» of flight time. Two parallel groups of young civil aviation flight personnel were tested twice for saliva for cortisol, and were retested after 3 months. The results obtained were statistically processed, analyzed and described. The average value, standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum values were calculated to get the results. Nonparametric Mann–Whitney criteria for independent groups and Wilcoxon criteria for related samples were used to compare the results in groups.
During primary and repeated saliva analysis, in the group of pilots in 95% of cases and in the group of flight attendants in 85% of cases, cortisol hormone levels corresponding to the reference values of the norm were obtained, which may indirectly indicate the effect of adaptive mechanisms.
The study found that 5% of the results in the pilot group exceeded the reference values of the norm, with a maximum value of 8.00 nmol/l. In the group of flight attendants, the number of results.
The study of the the clinical features of the musculoskeletal complex state of the two parallel groups allowed to identify in 40% of the surveyed civil aviation pilots increased abrasion of occlusal contacts associated with insufficient canine protection, which is absent in the group of flight attendants as well a greater number (1.8 times) of cases of limited mouth opening.
DENTAL STATUS OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN THE CITY OF TYUMEN AND TYUMEN DISTRICT
Authors: Stepanova Anna , Kosogova Aleksandra , Tegelskiy Dmitriy , Geyushova Yana , Sorokoumova Alisa
Published: August 2024

Aim. Determination of dental status and identification of its relationship with the level of CD4 lymphocytes in patients with HIV infection.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the State Budgetary Institution "Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS", Tyumen. The subjects of the study were HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy. The patients were examined during a routine appointment with an infectious disease specialist: the condition of the oral mucosa, hard tissues of the teeth and periodontium was assessed. For the purpose of a retrospective study, the medical records of HIV-infected patients were analyzed from January 2020 to February 2023.
Results and its discussion. Clinical examination of patients with HIV infection revealed a fairly high prevalence of dental diseases. High activity of the carious process was diagnosed in 100% of cases – the caries intensity index averaged 18. As the number of CD4 lymphocytes decreased, there was a tendency to increase the level of caries intensity. The examined patients had unsatisfactory oral hygiene, severe bleeding gums, the presence of supra- and subgingival mineralized dental deposits, and periodontal pockets. 7% of all HIV-infected patients in the city of Tyumen and the Tyumen region have the following diseases of the oral mucosa: candidiasis and herpetic stomatitis, hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi's sarcoma.
Conclusion. HIV-infected patients had very high and high levels of caries intensity, poor oral hygiene, severe gingivitis, and a high level of need for periodontal treatment. In the structure of diseases of the oral mucosa, candidal stomatitis takes the leading place. A relationship was revealed between the dental status of patients with HIV infection and the level of CD4 lymphocytes.
Influence of Force Account on Value for Money in construction projects in Tanzania
Authors: Mayani Stephen , Mwagike Leonarda
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the study is to find out the influence of force account on value for money in construction projects in Tanzania. The study used a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional survey in collecting and analysing data. Data were collected from a sample of 196 respondents. Data analysis was done through descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that adequate  personnel and project management significanty contribute to value for money achievement in construction projects using force account. Practically, this study adds on the existing knowledge of construction procedures by linking the facets of force account and value for money through cost reduction in construction of buildings in public institutions.Hence, public procuring entities should hire adequate personnel (engineers) and allocate supervision fund in the construction budget. This study has a potential benefit to the commubity because force account procedure provides employment opportunity to the community in construction as labourers, suppliers and providers of various goods and services to the project. 
The study has determined the influence of force account on value for money. The integrated results from literature review and study on influence of force account on VfM could assist in decision making to policymakers, practitioners and societies in choosing the right procedure in implementation of projects.
Écart salarial femmes-hommes sur le marché du travail au Cameroun : Plafond de verre ou plancher collant?
Authors: Tamokwé Piaptie Georges Bertrand , Piame Njanpou Fayllonne Marina
Published: August 2024

L’objectif : cet article vise à vérifier si les sources des inégalités salariales entre les femmes et les hommes sur le marché du travail au Cameroun résultent de l’existence d’un plafond de verre et/ou d’un plancher collant.
Conception/méthodologie/approche : la méthode retenue est celle des régressions quantiles complétées par la technique de décomposition quantile
Résultats : Les résultats obtenus soutiennent l’existence d’un plancher collant et recusent celle d’un plafond de verre. Ils montrent que les inégalités hommes /femmes de salaires décroissent au fur et à mesure que l’on s’élève le long de la distribution des salaires. Au sommet de la distribution, l’écart salarial au détriment des femmes trouve principalement sa source dans les différences de caractéristiques individuelles observables, alors qu’au bas de la distribution, cet écart est davantage dû à des facteurs exogènes à ces caractéristiques observables.
Originalité/valeur : Notre article met en évidence le fait que, sur le marché du travail au Cameroun, le niveau de discrimination au détriment des femmes est une fonction décroissante des quintiles salariaux. Ce qui est à la fois un résultat original et de prime abord paradoxal dans la mesure où on se serait attendu à ce que d’éventuelles discriminations soient plus prégnantes au niveaux des emplois les mieux rémunérés. Ainsi, les femmes du Cameroun devraient viser à concourir pour des emplois hautement rémunérés dans la mesure où elles y sont moins exposées au risque de discrimination.