bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enfermería y paciente terminal: aspectos bioéticos
Authors: León Correa Francisco Javier
Published: January 2019

La atención de Enfermería a los pacientes en situación terminal es importante, tanto por su intervención técnica clínica –sobre todo en la implementación de los cuidados paliativos-, como por la compleja tarea de acompañar al enfermo en afrontar su propia muerte. Es un deber ético de la enfermera prepararle junto con el médico y la familia, en proporcionarle la mejor calidad de vida posible, y defender también en esa situación los derechos del paciente, con un rol activo en el consentimiento informado, así como en la toma de decisiones y juicios de proporcionalidad de los tratamientos. Se analiza en este trabajo la bibliografía existente tanto en el ámbito anglosajón como latinoamericano acerca del papel de Enfermería en la atención al paciente Terminal.
Glass ceiling in the accounting profession: Evidence in Brazilian companies
Authors: Silva Júlio César da , Dal Magro Cristian Baú , Gorla Marcello Christiano , Silva Marcia Zanievicz da
Published: January 2019

Aunque existen varios estudios sobre las diferencias de género en las ocupaciones, pocos estudios abordan la profesión contable, en particular los relacionados con la aparición de Glass Ceiling, las barreras que dificultan e incluso impiden el crecimiento de la carrera de las mujeres. En este contexto, el estudio tiene como objetivo verificar la influencia del Glass Ceiling en relación con la desigualdad de género en la profesión contable. La población investigada está formado por profesionales en contabilidad de las empresas ubicadas en el sur de Brasil, y la muestra se compone de 34.886 observaciones. Los resultados indican que las primeras posiciones en Auditor Contable y Contador Contable se llevan a cabo principalmente por los hombres. Fue observado diferencia salarial, los hombres reciben una remuneración mayor que las mujeres en funciones similares. Hay un predominio de profesionales masculinos en la contabilidad las grandes empresas y mujeres profesionales en pequeñas y medianas empresas, y los hombres tienden a permanecer más tiempo en posiciones de la profesión contable en la misma empresa. Se concluye que la presencia de las influencias de Glass Ceiling en el aumento de la dificultad de acceso de las mujeres en posiciones clave en la profesión contable, lo que confirma la desigualdad de género observada en estudios en otras actividades profesionales.
Nueva faceta del capitalismo del siglo XXI en América Latina
Authors: Lichtensztejn Samuel
Published: January 2019

 

Desde fin del siglo XX el sistema económico, político y social a nivel global ha entrado en un proceso de cambios, que en varios países de América Latina, parecía podría haber sido de oportunidades en varios ámbitos, sin embargo no han tenido los beneficios esperados. Si bien varios gobiernos de la región emergieron con un discurso nacional y popular con aspiraciones de crecimiento económico con distribución de la riqueza, aspiración democrática y bienestar social, poco a poco se fue desvaneciendo en gran medida por una serie de políticas públicas en el ámbito económico, político y social. Lo que está caracterizando el capitalismo del siglo XXI en América Latina

 
Cambio estructural a 20 años del TLCAN
Authors: Camarena Luhrs Margarita
Published: January 2019

Tiene por objeto la reflexión y debate de once economistas “A 20 años del TLCAN”
Jean-Jacques Rousseau e a herança da naturalização da exclusão das mulheres na cidadania
Authors: Eggert Edla , Rodrigues Alexnaldo
Published: January 2019

Nesse artigo apresentamos alguns aspectos históricos do escritor de Emílio que retratam o seu mundo privado, porém altamente político, segundo nossa análise feminista. Problematizamos um Rousseau que, apesar de ter diversos envolvimentos com mulheres de diferentes classes sociais e com distintas implicações na sua vida, não conseguiu admitir a cidadania das mulheres do seu tempo. Analisamos algumas contribuições pedagógicas de Rousseau pouco conhecidas e debatidas por autoras contemporâneas ao filósofo, a serem repensadas na área da Educação, e desenvolvemos nosso argumento sobre a manutenção de uma educação limitadora da cidadania com requintes preconceituosos e machistas sobre as mulheres por esse autor. Finalmente, destacamos algumas das ideias que acenam para a busca por uma educação cidadã para as mulheres.
Desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas y estilos de aprendizaje VAK. Una experiencia con estudiantes de grado segundo de básica primaria.
Authors: Avendaño Castro William Rodrigo , Rueda Vera Gerson , Rolón Bautista Torcoroma
Published: January 2019

Se muestran los resultados de una intervención realizada a estudiantes del grado segundo de básica primaria de una institución educativa rural del municipio de El Zulia (Colombia) para el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas atendiendo a los estilos de aprendizaje visual, auditivo y kinestésico (VAK). La investigación se enmarca en el paradigma histórico hermenéutico-interpretativo, el enfoque cualitativo y un diseño investigación-acción. Participaron 13 estudiantes en edades comprendidas entre los 7 y 10 años. Se empleó como instrumento una prueba inicial y final de valoración del estilo de aprendizaje predominante. Los resultados muestran una mejora significativa en las habilidades comunicativas de los escolares al compararse la prueba inicial y final con posterioridad a una intervención efectuada sobre el grupo.
Estudio de políticas públicas para el tratamiento de jóvenes adictos a la droga en Ecuador
Authors: Cevallos Sánchez Gissela , Alvarado Moncada Zoila
Published: January 2019

El consumo de drogas, es un tema de gran importancia, y un grave problema social, que no sólo aqueja a nuestro país, Ecuador, sino que su afectación es a nivel mundial, tomando en consideración que llega incluso a ocasionar graves daños en la salud, en la convivencia social y la seguridad ciudadana. Objetivo. Proponer y difundir estrategias integrales para la rehabilitación y reinserción de los jóvenes adictos a las drogas. Materiales y métodos. Se implementó una encuesta a 40 jóvenes comprendidos entre los 18 a 25 años de edad, de diferentes clases sociales. Resultados. Se determinó que el consumo de drogas va en aumento, a causa de problemas familiares y la influencia de amistades y redes sociales; así como también, se determina que un alto porcentaje de los encuestados desconoce las normativas que regulan la adicción en el Ecuador y las Políticas de Estado, creadas para la debida rehabilitación y reinserción de los adictos a la sociedad. Conclusión. Se proyecta a través de los resultados obtenidos poner en conocimiento de la sociedad en general y en especial de los adictos, las normativas que regulan el problema de la adicción; así como, hacer conocer el tema de las Políticas Públicas que el Estado, ha creado en función de la prevención integral de esta problémica, con el fin de garantizar una vida digna.
Ivan Savvic Pal'mov kak issledovatel' Serbskoj cerkovnoj istorii
Authors: Puzovic Vladislav
Published: January 2019

Slavist i professor dorevolucionnoj Sankt-Peterburgskoj duhovnoj akademii
Ivan Savvic Pal'mov (1856-1920) javljalsja odnim iz samyh horosih russkih
znatokov slavjanskoj cerkovnoj istorii. Odnu cast' svoih naucnyh zanjatij on
posvjatil izuceniju serbskoj cerkovnoj istorii. Fundamentom etih issledovanij
stalo ego putesestvie po serbskim duhovnym i kul'turnym centram v nacale
80-yh godov XIX veka. On posetil Belgrad, Sremskie Karlovci, Novyj Sad,
Zadr, Kotor, Cetin'e. Issledoval serbskoe rukopisnoe nasledie, znakomilsja s
serbskoj istoriceskoj i bogoslovskoj literaturoj, znakomilsja s aktual'noj
situaciej v Serbskoj Cerkvi i v obscestve, obscal s veduscimi licnostjami
serbskoj kul'turnoj zizni. V nacale 90-yh godov XIX veka pojavilis' ego
sereznye naucnye raboty po serbskoj cerkovnoj istorii. Raboty byli posvjasceny
voprosami ucrezdenija Serbskoj arhiepiskopii i patriarhii v srednie veka. V
nih on ukazal na novye istocniki napodobie protesta ohridskogo arhiepiskopa
Dimitrija Homatina serbskomu arhiepiskopu Sv. Savvy. Pal'mov reguljarno
znakomil ruskoe naucnoe obscestvo s samymi novymi dostizenijami serbskoj
istoriograficeskoj i bogoslovskoj literatury. V rabote predstavleny
upomjanutye aspekty dejatel'nosti Pal'mova. Ukazano na vklad ego issledovanij
v razvitii serbskoj cerkovnoistoriceskoj nauki. Rabota podgotovlena na
osnovanii protokolov zasedanij Soveta Sankt-Peterburgskoj duhovnoj akademii
i materialov iz akademiceskogo naucnogo zurnala Hristianskoe ctenie.
Stojan Novakovic in Gymnasium and Lyceum 1857-1863
Authors: Popovic Radomir
Published: January 2019

Based on unused documents from the Archive of Serbia, the paper presents less
known details about the education of Stojan Novakovic in the Gymnasium
(1857-1860) and Lyceum (1860-1863) in Belgrade. Novakovic came from a poor
family. Being an excellent student, he was a scholarship (blagodejanije)
recipient during his entire education. As such type of aid was insufficient,
he earned additional money by holding private lessons, translating and
writing essays. The paper highlights the continuity of Novakovic?s
seven-year education in the Gymnasium as he finished four grades in Sabac
and three in Belgrade. In the history of gymnasium education in Serbia, the
1853-1863 period is particularly notable as the reform initiated in 1853 in
gymnasiums placed emphasis on foreign language learning. In the Gymnasium,
Novakovic learned German, French, Latin, Greek and Old-Slavic. At the
Lyceum, the highest educational institution in the Principality of Serbia,
he continued to learn German and French. Professor Djura Danicic, who taught
him philology, history of literature and aesthetics, made a strong influence
on Novakovic during his studies at the Lyceum. He learned a lot about legal
terms and concepts and the history of law from law professors Nikola Krstic,
Sergije Nikolic and Ignjat Stanimirovic. He learned logics, national and
general history and other auxiliary subjects. In view of this, we may
conclude that Novakovic?s later versatile scientific interests result from
the education that he gained at the Lyceum and his hard work throughout his
career. To the extent offered by the preserved documents, the final part of
the paper elucidates details from Novakovic?s education (timetables, exam
dates and grades).
The unknown Mount Athos copy of the holy service to St. Simeon by St. Sava with the prologue life of St. Simeon
Authors: Spadijer Irena
Published: January 2019

The Service to St. Simeon, written by St. Sava, has not been published yet
and, despite the fact that there are only a few copies of it, its manuscript
heritage has not been fully explored either. Menaion No. 11, written in the
early 14th century and archived in the collection of the St. Panteleimon
monastery on Mt Athos, has been selected for the purposes of this paper from
several copies spanning the period from the mid-13th century to the 30s of
the 17th century. This manuscript contains a very old copy of the St. Sava?s
Service to St. Simeon that has been unknown to scholars to this day. The
paper looks at the structure of the Service presented in the Menaion No. 11
and its place in the manuscript tradition. In terms of its structure -
primarily the entire Service to Martinian and the separate canons - this
work is one of the oldest versions. On the other hand, the text itself
coincides with the version of the akolouthia which is considered a
later-date and expanded version representing the veneration of the saint -
regardless of the fact that it was preserved in the oldest manuscript dating
back to the mid-13th century (SASA 361). All later-date monuments preserve
the older state and the joint veneration of St. Martinian and St. Simeon.
However, some ?expansions? identified in the copy of the Service from the
second or third decade of the 14th century (only a few such ?expansions? are
presented in the paper) indicate that this text is definitely older than the
one written in the mid-13th century which was used for comparison. As the
time span between all versions is not too big (at most 10 to 15 years), the
microchronology of their orgin remains to be resolved. For the time being,
we are quite convinced that the most widespread version (in the oldest
manuscript) could not have been written before St. Sava?s second visit to
Mount Athos (after 1217), and possibly before his return. What is
particularly interesting about this copy is that it contains the Prologue
Life of St. Simeon which does not exist in any other manuscript of the
Service. For this reason, the Prologue is presented in its full form in the
Appendix.
La seguridad turistica en México: aportaciones para su configuración.
Authors: González Fonseca Fredy Ismael , Hernández Tapia Carlos Enrique , Ganzo Olivares Jacqueline , Jimeno Espadas Ricardo
Published: January 2019

El objetivo del trabajo consistió en generar un análisis conceptual a partir de un comparativo en instituciones dedicadas a brindar seguridad al turismo. En la primera sección se presenta el procedimiento metodológico utilizado para la elaboración del documento. La segunda es el resultado del abordaje teórico y conceptual de las diferentes definiciones que tiene seguridad turística. La tercera sección presenta el reconocimiento e importancia de los vínculos que tiene la seguridad pública con la seguridad ciudadana y comunitaria. La última parte de conclusiones se presenta a manera de reflexiones finales. Se destaca la necesidad de investigar el tema de la seguridad turística con rigor científico desde un abordaje teórico que surga de la vinculación entre la seguridad ciudadana y la seguridad comunitaria.
Scurvy
Authors: Lamb Jonathan
Published: January 2019

Scurvy, a disease often associated with long stretches of maritime travel, generated sensations exceeding the standard of what was normal. Eyes dazzled, skin was morbidly sensitive, emotions veered between disgust and delight. This book presents an intellectual history of scurvy to tell the story of the disease that its victims couldn't because they found their illness too terrible and, in some cases, too exciting. The book traces the cultural impact of scurvy during the eighteenth-century age of geographical and scientific discovery. It explains the medical knowledge surrounding scurvy and the debates about its cause, prevention, and attempted cures. The book vividly describes the phenomenon and experience of “scorbutic nostalgia”, in which victims imagined mirages of food, water, or home, and then wept when such pleasures proved impossible to consume or reach. It argues that a culture of scurvy arose in the colony of Australia, which was prey to the disease in its early years, and identifies a literature of scurvy in the works of such figures as Herman Melville, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Francis Bacon, and Jonathan Swift. The book shows how the journeys of discovery in the eighteenth century not only ventured outward to the ends of the earth, but were also an inward voyage into the realms of sensation and passion.
The Site of the Social
Authors: Alworth David J.
Published: January 2019

This introductory chapter strives to demonstrate the novel as an acute instrument of sociological thought, or, more specifically, that the “terra incognita” of setting contains vivid and valuable insights about the experience of collectivity. This does not mean overlooking the formal qualities of narrative prose fiction but looking at them in a certain way: with an eye toward how they effect something like a radically literary sociology. If the novel's delineation of consciousness has long instructed us about both individual personhood and the human mind, and if its treatment of physical things has prompted us more recently to pose fresh questions about matter and materiality, then perhaps its figuration of sites, vibrant assemblages of persons, and things might occasion a new inquiry into the nature of sociality.
Supermarket Sociology
Authors: Alworth David J.
Published: January 2019

Taking Latour's engagement with the literary as a point of departure, this chapter offers a new model for thinking between the disciplines of literary studies and sociology. At the crux of this model is a site, the supermarket, that dramatizes nonhuman agency as a mundane yet complex fact of social experience—a fact that Latour theorizes throughout his writings and that a host of literary authors, above all Don DeLillo, have sought to explore in different ways. It offers a reading of the novel in terms of Actor-Network-Theory (ANT) and demonstrates how a site that is crucial to both the novelist and the sociologist can facilitate a new interdisciplinary conversation, a mode of inquiry that would divert from a more traditional sociology of literature whose objective would be to identify the deep significance of literary form in the social forces that subtend aesthetic production.
Ruins
Authors: Alworth David J.
Published: January 2019

This chapter aligns artist Robert Smithson with Thomas Pynchon, a novelist whose treatment of ruins mediates his preoccupation with time, as well as his celebrated critique of conventional historiography. Both were considered key figures in the emergence of postmodernism within their respective disciplines, and shared many preoccupations during the 1960s and 1970s, such as entropy and the paradox of representation without resemblance. Moreover, while Smithson is best known for his site-specific projects in visual and plastic media, he was also a prolific writer of narrative and essayistic prose. Pynchon is most readily appreciated for his experimentation with narrative form, he was equally interested in material sites, or what he calls “nonverbal reality”.
The Making of the Ancient Greek Economy
Authors: Bresson Alain
Published: January 2019

This comprehensive introduction to the ancient Greek economy revolutionizes our understanding of the subject and its possibilities. The book combines a thorough knowledge of ancient sources with innovative new approaches grounded in recent economic historiography to provide a detailed picture of the Greek economy between the last century of the Archaic Age and the closing of the Hellenistic period. Focusing on the city-state, which the author sees as the most important economic institution in the Greek world, the book addresses all of the city-states rather than only Athens. An expanded and updated English edition of an acclaimed work originally published in French, the book offers a ground-breaking new theoretical framework for studying the economy of ancient Greece; presents a masterful survey and analysis of the most important economic institutions, resources, and other factors; and addresses some major historiographical debates. Among the many topics covered are climate, demography, transportation, agricultural production, market institutions, money and credit, taxes, exchange, long-distance trade, and economic growth. The result is an unparalleled demonstration that, unlike just a generation ago, it is possible today to study the ancient Greek economy as an economy and not merely as a secondary aspect of social or political history. This is essential reading for students, historians of antiquity, and economic historians of all periods.
Agricultural Production
Authors: Bresson Alain
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the growth of agricultural production in the Greek city-states. It traces the evolutions and mutations of agriculture in the ancient Greek world as well as the consequences of these changes, first by discussing the so-called Mediterranean trilogy that comprised ancient Greek agriculture: grain, olives, and grapes. While cereals, grapes, and olives constituted the heart of agricultural production in ancient Greece, the role played by other products such as fig, vegetables, roses and other flowers, and honey is also considered. The chapter goes on to explore animal husbandry in the Greek city-states, focusing on the debate on “pastoralism” in the Early Iron Age, constraints in livestock raising, and the three main regional types of stock raising that extended from the southern Aegean to Thessaly, the Peloponnese, and the vast migratory areas of western Greece. Finally, it analyzes rangeland ecology and management during the period.
The Institutions of the Domestic Market
Authors: Bresson Alain
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the institutions of the domestic market system in the Greek city-states. It begins with a discussion of private property in relation to trade, noting that, in the framework of the kind of collective appropriation constituted by the city-state, citizens were free to use their property as they wished. It then considers the city-states' law and legal practices relating to transactions, with particular emphasis on the law of sale and contracts, before exploring the agora as a legal space and as a marketplace connected with other official places of exchange that were also institutionalized. The chapter goes on to describe buying and selling in the agora, legal constraints on the agora, supervision of contracts and production, and the authority of the agoranomoi (magistrates). It concludes with an analysis of informational asymmetry and guarantee of sales in commercial trade, along with price control policies for commodities on sale.
International Trade Networks
Authors: Bresson Alain
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the complex commercial networks of international trade in ancient Greece, made possible by “creating” new products through the exploitation of the natural environment or through artisanal production and commerce. It begins with a discussion of how division of labor emerged in foreign trade and how it led to gains in productivity. It also describes the center-periphery model of the late Archaic period and the Classical period in relation to trade before considering the particular form of trade flows and networks of exchange in city-states, focusing on the role played by trade in promoting consumption and production as well as in determining prices. The remaining sections analyze the variety and complexity of systems of trade, using metals and textiles as examples; the notion of “regional network” for transporting goods over long distances; the “free rider” system in international trade; and actors involved in trade and redistribution centers.
The Greek Cities and the Market
Authors: Bresson Alain
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the extent and the limits of the market system in ancient Greece. It begins with a historical overview of the center-periphery model that emerged during the period, predation as a defining characteristic of the ancient Greek market, and the divergence of prices from one region to another—often seen as a symptom of a lack of market integration. It then compares the overall performance of the market in the city-states with those of the cities of medieval and modern Europe before discussing the disequilibrium between supply and demand and the form of risk management adopted by individuals and by cities that made the market of ancient Greece far from being a “perfect market.” The chapter concludes with an analysis of the Nash equilibrium that characterized the market and the factors that limited the production of grain to be sold on the market.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA PENGUNGSI LINTAS BATAS DI RUMAH DETENSI IMIGRASI (RUDENIM) INDONESIA (Studi kasus: Rudenim Surabaya)
Authors: Apriadi Apriadi , Yuliantoro Nur Rachmat
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini berupaya untuk melihat dinamika dalam proses penanganan deteni (pengungsi dan pencari suaka) terhadap perlindungan hak asasi manusia deteni di Rumah Detensi Imigrasi, dalam penulisan paper ini studi kasus yang diambil adalah Rumah Detensi Imigrasi (Rudenim) Surabaya. Penulis melihat penanganan deteni dari aspek perlindungan hak asasi manusia deteni di rudenim dengan menggunakan 7 (tujuh) indikator, yaitu; pemenuhan hak hidup (untuk mendapatkan makanan), pemenuhan hak mendapatkan sandang (pakaian), pemenuhan hak menjalankan ibadah, pemenuhan hak mengakses layanan kesehatan, pemenuhan hak mendapatkan pendidikan, pemenuhan hak akan aktivitas dan rekreasi serta pemenuhan hak bagi deteni berkebutuhan khsuus. Sementara itu, penulis juga melihat faktor pendukung dan penghambat dari sisi internal dan eksternal dalam pemenuhan hak asasi manusia deteni di rudenim. Namun walaupun Rudenim Surabaya memiliki beberapa faktor penghambat dalam pemenuhan hak asasi manusia deteni di rudenim, Rudenim Surabaya dapat memberikan perlindungan hak asasi manusia deteni di rudenim dengan cukup baik.
Perubahan Sikap Tiongkok atas Resolusi DK PBB 2270 tentang Nuklir Korea Utara Tahun 2016
Authors: Ruhmiyati Ruhmiyati , Indrawati Indrawati
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini mengangkat tentang kebijakan luar negeri Tiongkok dalam masalah nuklir Korea Utara. Penulis mengangkat pertanyaan mengapa Tiongkok menyetujui Resolusi 2270 Tahun 2016 yang mendorong sanksi ekonomi untuk Korea Utara dengan tegas. Dalam menjawab pertanyaan penelitian, penulis fokus pada konsep pengambilan keputusan kebijakan luar negeri dari Richard Snyder untuk menganalisis proses pengambilan keputusan di Tiongkok atas Resolusi 2270 dengan metode penelitian kualitatif dan presentasi data eksplanatif. Hipotesis yang diajukan oleh penulis yaitu sikap Tiongkok dalam menyetujui Resolusi 2270 tidak dapat dilepaskan dari faktor internal dan faktor eksternal yang dipertimbangkan oleh pembuat keputusan dalam mengaktualisasikan citra Tiongkok sebagai Kekuatan Besar yang Bertanggung Jawab dan budaya strategis yang membuat Tiongkok lebih memilih solusi masalah nuklir Korea Utara melalui mekanisme DK PBB. Keputusan Tiongkok untuk resolusi DK PBB 2270 terkait erat dengan aktualisasi citra Tiongkok sebagai Kekuatan Besar yang Bertanggung Jawab dan budaya strategis pertahanan Tiongkok, non-intervensi dan preferensi untuk multilateralisme.
Peran ECPAT dalam Menangani Child Sex Tourism di Indonesia (Studi Kasus: Bali)
Authors: Subarkah Alwafi Ridho
Published: January 2019

Pariwisata Bali setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan kunjungan wisata dari berbagai negara. Namun, juga menjadi ancaman bagi anak-anak dari eksploitasi seksual yang pelakunya adalah wisatawan asing yang berkunjung untuk melakukan hubungan seksual dengan anak-anak. Berbagai modus seperti memberikan kebutuhan dasar anak-anak, serta tinggal bersama keluarga hingga mendapatkan kepercayaan dari keluarga menjadi celah untuk melakukan pelecehan seksual. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif untuk mengetahui peran End Child Prostitution and Trafficking (ECPAT) sebagai organisasi yang fokus dalam perlindungan anak dari berbagai kejahatan seksual, seperti child sex tourism di Bali, menggunakan konsep organisasi internasional dan konsep child sex tourism. Sehingga, penelitian ini menghasilkan peran ECPAT dalam memberantas eksploitasi seksual terhadap anak yaitu; melakukan advokasi, sosialisasi, rehabilitasi, serta penelitian terkait child sex tourism di Bali. Namun, belum sepenuhnya berhasil karena kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pelecehan seksual anak, serta komitmen pemerintah dalam penegakan hukum masih kurang.
Understanding the Movement of Suku Anak Dalam Bathin Sembilan Against Land Conflict with PT. Asiatic Persada in Jambi Through Social Movement Theory
Authors: Pratiwi Tiffany Setyo
Published: January 2019

The land conflict between Suku Anak Dalam Bathin Sembilan and PT. Asiatic Persada had occurred since 1987. This conflict occurred because of PT. Asiatic Persada has occupied 3.550 hectares of Suku Anak Dalam Bathin Sembilan’s land. This paper will analyze how the movement of Suku Anak Dalam Bathin Sembilan who lived in Bungku Village, Batanghari, Jambi to struggle their land. This study uses the social movement theory that explains three phases of movements, such as the interest phase, the protest phase, and perspective phase. The author uses a qualitative method and the data are taken from interviews and literature study. This study found that the beginning movement of Suku Anak Dalam Bathin Sembilan was very intense with the support of local and international Non-Governmental organizations, then the movement built a sustainable strategy in the protest phase. Unfortunately, that strong movement has split into two in the perspective phase.
Kode Operasional Erdogan Berkaitan Dengan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Turki Terhadap Suriah
Authors: Islam Umar Muizzul , Purnama Chandra
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kebijakan luar negeri Turki terhadap Suriah yang dipengaruhi oleh aspek kognitif Erdogan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana kepercayaan Filosofis dan kepercayaan instrumental yang dimiliki Erdogan berkaitan dengan kebijakan luar negeri Turki terhadap Suriah dalam menyelesaikan masalah separatisme Kurdi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kode operasional, dimana terdapat dua jenis kepercayaan yang dapat mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan individu, yaitu kepercayaan filosofis dan kepercayaan instrumental. Kode operasional digunakan untuk meninjau bagaimana kepercayaan yang dimiliki Erdogan mempengaruhi kebijakan luar negeri Turki terhadap Suriah. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan memeriksa konsistensi di antara kode operasional dengan isi kebijakan yang diambilnya. Hasil temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa berbagai kepercayaan filosofis dan kepercayaan instrumental yang dimiliki Erdogan memberikan pengaruh kepada kebijakan luar negeri.
‘Adam Al-Haraj: Aplikasi Rukhshah dalam Implementasi Hukum Islam dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Modern
Authors: Bunyamin Mahmudin
Published: January 2019

One of the principles of Islamic teachings is to ease people’s lives or to eliminate the difficulty. If in a certain occasion, people find it difficult (masyaqqah) to perform any obligations, Islam then gives a relief (rukhshah). For instance, when Muslims are travelling (safar) with a certain distance, they will get any easiness for their obligations, such as prayer. However, there is condition for the easiness. Given to the two situations, first people who travelling by air plane with hundred kilometers distance are comfortable because of the plane and they can travel fast. Another situation is people spending for ages because of the traffic jam are exhausting because of long journey. Those people who travel by plane are eligible to obtain rukhshah because they travel with hundred kilometers distance, while those who are stuck in the traffic jam are not. These situations absolutely need to be investigated.
Child Adoption Practices in the Bugis Community: Between Bugis Tradition and Ulama Views
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Wekke Ismail Suardi
Published: January 2019

This article reviews the tradition of adoption among Bugis people through the views of Bugis scholars and values of local wisdom. This research is a qualitative research using a content analysis approach. The study finds the fact that Bugis scholars have identified two forms of adoption practices. First, the practice of adoption as it is currently happening which change the nasab (lineage) so that it can inherit each other. Second, adoption practices that do not change the nasab. The first model is adoption that is prohibited in Islam in order to maintain the law and the descent according to the intentions of cultural values of paccing and sticking. The second model is allowed adoption. Such adoption practices are even encouraged if the motives are humanitarian motives and also in accordance with the values of the pesse culture (pacce), namely a deep sense of humanity and sibaliperri (mutual cooperation spirit).
Kebijakan Reformasi Maqâshid al-Syarîah dan Kontribusinya dalam Formulasi Alternatif Keringanan Pidana Penjara
Authors: Kamalludin Iqbal , Arief Barda Nawawi
Published: January 2019

Criminal law is often built on the paradigm of giving suffering to perpetrators of crime. This paradigm is no longer in accordance with the concept of modern punishment which focuses on efforts to foster criminals so that they would no longer repeat their actions. The changes in the paradigm of punishment, to some extent, have been accommodated by Article 73 of the Criminal Code Bill which contains alternative provisions/criminal sanctions.in jail. With this provision, a prisoner with one year or under punishment is able to repay his sentence as long as there are certain emergency conditions leading to a precarious situation/worry to him if he has to undergo consecutive penalties. This study tries to examine the new provision, using a normative juridical approach from the perspective of Islamic law. This study concludes that the paradigmatic change in punishment as shown in article 73 of the Criminal Code Bill has conformity with the perspective of maqâshid al-syarî’ah which put forward the 5 (five) main objectives in the law, namely maintaining and nurturing religion (al-dîn), soul (al-nafs), descent (al-nasl), wealth (al-mâl), and mind (al-aql).
Определение активных форм кислорода в биологических жидкостях с помощью платинового наноэлектрода амперометрическим методом
Authors: Ванеев А. Н. , Алова A. В. , Ерофеев А. С. , Горелкин П. В. , Алексашкин А. Д. , Безнос О. В. , Чеснокова Н. Б. , Кост О. А. , Мажуга А. Г. , Корчев Ю. Е. , Клячко Н. Л.
Published: January 2019

Активные формы кислорода (АФК) являются жизненно необходимыми метаболитами в многочисленных биологических функциях. Нарушение клеточных механизмов может привести к перепроизводству АФК и вызвать окислительное повреждение ДНК, белков, клеток и тканей, которое связано с патогенезом ряда нейродегенеративных и воспалительных заболеваний. Понимание взаимосвязи между уровнем АФК и этими нарушениями важно при разработке методов лечения для борьбы с окислительным стрессом. Целью работы было использование разработанного нами метода определения АФК в биологических жидкостях, а именно в слезе и внутриглазной жидкости, с помощью стабильного платинового наноэлектрода, позволяющего оценивать уровень пероксида водорода (H2O2) вплоть до 1 мкМ, а также изучение динамики изменения уровня H2O2 при антиоксидантной терапии. Показано влияние наночастиц супероксиддисмутазы (СОД) на уровень АФК в биологических жидкостях. После закапывания наночастиц СОД происходило увеличение уровня H2O2 в слезе через 10 и 30 мин. В случае с внутриглазной жидкостью рост концентрации H2O2 начинается только спустя 30 мин после закапывания, что свидетельствует о постепенном проникновении наночастиц во внутренние структуры глаза. Использование метода представляется эффективным для диагностики и контроля лечения глазных заболеваний.
Исследование свойств трехмерной клеточной модели опухоли с использованием нанофотосенсибилизатора в качестве новой предклинической модели
Authors: Маклыгина Ю. С. , Романишкин И. Д. , Рябова А. В. , Якавец И. В. , Болотин Л. , Лощёнов В. Б.
Published: January 2019

Ввиду своих особенностей наночастицы (НЧ), состоящие из фталоцианина алюминия (НЧ AlPc), являются перспективным фотосенсибилизатором. НЧ AlPc не флуоресцируют в свободной наноформе, слабо флуоресцируют в нормальной ткани, сильно — в опухолях и очень сильно — в макрофагах. НЧ AlPc обладают уникальной особенностью приобретать способность к флуоресценции и фототоксичности в контакте с некоторыми биокомпонентами. При этом тип биокомпонентов, связывающихся с НЧ AlPc, влияет на интенсивность, время жизни и спектральное распределение флуоресценции. Целью работы было исследовать особенности захвата нанофотосенсибилизатора в 3D-моделях клеточных культур. Полученные данные демонстрируют захват НЧ AlPc клетками внутри сфероида в течение первого часа по росту флуоресцентного сигнала. Обнаружена гетерогенность клеточных 3D-моделей по анализу изменения сигнала флуоресценции НЧ AlPc внутри сфероида. В результате лазерного облучения (двухфотонного возбуждения с λ = 780/390 нм) наблюдали фотобличинг флуоресценции, который, вероятно, связан с деактивацией НЧ AlPc. Таким образом, созданная модель, состоящая из клеточной 3D-культуры с НЧ AlPc, позволяет лучше оценивать метаболитические процессы в клетках, чем монослойные клеточные 2D-культуры. Кроме того, модель позволяет оценивать фотодинамический эффект в зависимости от фенотипичных свойств различных областей в гетерогенной 3D-структуре.
Липидоподобные наночастицы оксида железа как платформа для доставки нуклеиновых кислот в печень
Authors: Уварова В. И. , Низамов Т. Р. , Абакумов М. А. , Водопьянов С. С. , Абакумова Т. О. , Салтыкова И. В. , Могильников П. С. , Щетинин И. В. , Мажуга А. Г.
Published: January 2019

Адресная доставка антисмысловых препаратов является перспективной технологией, на основе которой возможна разработка высокоэффективных лекарственных средств для терапии широкого спектра заболеваний. Однако недостаточная стабильность РНК в биологических средах и гидрофильность, ограничивающая проникновение через клеточные мембраны, существенно сужают их использование в клинической практике. Целью исследования была разработка средств доставки антисмысловых препаратов в гепатоциты печени с помощью липидоподобных магнитных наночастиц (ЛНЧ). Кубические магнитные наночастицы (НЧ) со средними размерами 16 и 27 нм синтезировали методом высокотемпературного разложения прекурсора — олеата железа (III) и химически модифицировали формуляцией, включающей катионный липидоид С12-200. Магнитные НЧ обладают хорошими МРТ-контрастными свойствами, биораспределение ЛНЧ исследовали in vivo на линейных мышах BALB/c с помощью МР-томографа. С этой же целью провели последующее гистологическое исследование срезов печени. Наночастицы меньшего размера не продемонстрировали цитотоксического действия по отношению к клеточным линиям HepG2 и Huh7, а для НЧ кубической формы большего размера IC составила 21,5 мкг/мл для HepG2 и 126 мкг/мл для Huh7. Выявлено, что НЧ меньшего размера аккумулируются преимущественно в гепатоцитах печени, а НЧ большего размера — в селезенке, в печени же они накапливаются главным образом в макрофагах. Такая разница может быть вызвана большим гидродинамическим размером НЧ, которые имеют больший размер магнитного ядра. Образец с ядром меньшего размера является наиболее эффективной платформой для доставки антисмысловых препаратов в гепатоциты.
Использование моноклональных антител для терапии аутоиммунных заболеваний
Authors: Мерзляк Е. М. , Сырко Д. С. , Мусаткина Е. А. , Израельсон М. А.
Published: January 2019

В последнее время в терапии аутоиммунных заболеваний стали применять моноклональные антитела. Мишенью этих антител являются провоспалительные цитокины и собственно Т и В-клетки потенциально участвующие в патогенезе заболевания. В данной статье проведена попытка систематизировать используемые препараты и привести основные механизмы, лежащие в основе такого рода терапии, описаны нежелательные побочные действия. Потенциальными путями и перспективами развития биологиксов в лечении аутоиммунных заболеваний, по нашему мнению, являются моноклональные антитела, которые узнают и элиминируют клоны Т и В-клеток, обусловливающие патогенез аутоиммунного заболевания. Поиск аутореактивных клонов является сложной и актуальной задачей современной биомедицины.
Quantitative Analysis of Queue Length of Falah Roundabout (UAE, Sharjah)
Authors: Al Otaibi Emran , Refaei Mohammed , Nassif Nadia , Naqawa Anas
Published: January 2019

Roundabouts have faced a huge development in terms of designing and operation, the reason behind that is to get the most safe and functional design. The functionality is affected by different factors e.g. line width, diameter of the roundabout etc., when the capacity of the roundabout is fully utilized, queue length starts to form in the different approaches, which indicates of a minor or major issue that should be studied.

This paper discusses the different factors affecting the queue length of an approach on the roundabout (Al Falah roundabout), after obtaining the data, regression analysis was done to provide a model that can be used for estimating the volume capacity ratio from queue lengths or vice versa. Two other methods were used to compare the obtained model (HCM 2010 Method and Two Minute Rule Method), in addition to a field data collection of the actual timing needed to pass that queue length, which was assigned as the true value of the models and comparing depending on it.

Finally, the discussion of the term paper, will include the different concepts of advanced statistical analysis, the will (as expected) contain different types of distributions and the coloration between the keys of the roundabouts design, and will study the limitation and how it can be improved in future.
Effects of the fraction of inspired oxygen on alfaxalone-sedated inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)
Authors: Ratliff Cameron , Parkinson Lily A. B. , Mans Christoph
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of providing 100% O2, compared with provision of room air, in sedated spontaneously breathing inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).

ANIMALS 8 adult bearded dragons.

PROCEDURES Animals were sedated with alfaxalone (20 mg/kg, SC) and received 21% O2 (equivalent to room air) or 100% O2 via face mask (flow rate, 1 L/min) in a randomized, blinded, complete crossover study (2-week interval between treatments). Sedation variables, cardiopulmonary variables, venous blood gas values, and postsedation food intake were evaluated.

RESULTS Respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and sedation quality were comparable between treatments. Venous blood gas analysis revealed a higher total Pco2 and HCO3− concentration for the 21% O2 treatment. Postsedation food intake was not affected by the inspired oxygen fraction provided during sedation.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The fraction of inspired oxygen did not appear to have clinically relevant effects on physiologic variables of bearded dragons during and after sedation. Therefore, provision of 100% O2 can be considered for use in sedated bearded dragons without the risk of inducing hypoventilation. Similarly, failure to provide 100% O2 would be unlikely to result in clinically relevant consequences in healthy sedated bearded dragons.
Relationship between breed, hemivertebra subtype, and kyphosis in apparently neurologically normal French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, and Pugs
Authors: Ryan Richard , Gutierrez-Quintana Rodrigo , Haar Gert ter , De Decker Steven
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether hemivertebra subtype as determined via CT was associated with breed and Cobb angle (a measure of the degree of spinal curvature) in apparently neurologically normal French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, and Pugs.

ANIMALS Client-owned French Bulldogs (n = 58), English Bulldogs (30), and Pugs (12) with thoracic hemivertebrae that underwent CT for reasons unrelated to spinal disease.

PROCEDURES CT scans of each dog were evaluated, and hemivertebrae were categorized by subtype (ventral aplasia, ventral hypoplasia, lateral aplasia, lateral hypoplasia, ventrolateral aplasia, ventrolateral hypoplasia, ventral and median aplasia, ventral and median hypoplasia, and symmetric hypoplasia). The Cobb angle was measured, and kyphosis was defined as a Cobb angle > 10°. Results were compared among breeds.

RESULTS 243 hemivertebrae were identified in the French Bulldog group, 100 in the English Bulldog group, and 19 in the Pug group. Breed was significantly associated with hemivertebra subtype. Pugs were more likely than French and English Bulldogs to have ventral hypoplasia and less likely to have ventral and median hypoplasia. English Bulldogs were more likely than French Bulldogs to have ventral and median hypoplasia. Compared with other hemivertebra subtypes, ventral hypoplasia was associated with a greater Cobb angle and a higher likelihood of kyphosis. Pugs were more likely than the other 2 breeds to have kyphosis.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pugs had a different spectrum of hemivertebra subtypes than French and English Bulldogs in this study. Additional research is necessary to evaluate the clinical relevance of this finding.
Path Following Control of Fully Actuated Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Based on LADRC
Authors: Lamraoui Habib Choukri , Qidan Zhu
Published: January 2019

This paper presents an active disturbances rejecter controller (ADRC) for position and path following control of a fully actuated autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The unmodeled, undesirable dynamics and disturbances reduce the performances of classical controllers and complicate the design of appropriate and efficient controllers. In the proposed approach, the different modeling complexities; such as uncertain parameters, non-linearities, and external disturbances are considered all as a part of disturbance which is estimated in real-time by the extended state observer ESO, and effectively compensated from the control law. The ESO is also able to estimate the position and velocity of the system in real-time, in case where the full state measurement of the AUV is not possible during experiments. Computer simulations demonstrate the high ability of the AUV tracking control based on ADRC, to follow the desired trajectory in the horizontal plane and space with high precision, and showed high robustness and efficiency in rejecting the external and internal disturbances caused by significant changes in parameters of the system, and the added position disturbances.
External beam accelerated partial breast irradiation: dosimetric assessment of conformal and three different intensity modulated techniques
Authors: Stelczer Gábor , Major Tibor , Mészáros Norbert , Polgár Csaba , Pesznyák Csilla
Published: January 2019

Background

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare four different external beam radiotherapy techniques of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) considering target coverage, dose to organs at risk and overall plan quality. The investigated techniques were three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), “step and shoot” (SS) and “sliding window” (SW) intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), intensity-modulated arc therapy (RA).

Patients and methods

CT scans of 40 APBI patients were selected for the study. The planning objectives were set up according to the international recommendations. Homogeneity, conformity and plan quality indices were calculated from volumetric and dosimetric parameters of target volumes and organs at risk. The total monitor units and feasibility were also investigated.

Results

There were no significant differences in the coverage of the target volume between the techniques. The homogeneity indices of 3D-CRT, SS, SW and RA plans were 0.068, 0.074, 0.058 and 0.081, respectively. The conformation numbers were 0.60, 0.80, 0.82 and 0.89, respectively. The V50% values of the ipsilateral breast for 3D-CRT, SS, SW and RA were 47.5%, 40.2%, 39.9% and 31.6%, respectively. The average V10% and V40% values of ipsilateral lung were 13.1%, 28.1%, 28%, 36% and 2.6%, 1.9%, 1.9%, 3%, respectively. The 3D-CRT technique provided the best heart protection, especially in the low dose region. All contralateral organs received low doses. The SW technique achieved the best plan quality index (PQI).

Conclusions

Good target volume coverage and tolerable dose to the organs at risk are achievable with all four techniques. Taking into account all aspects, we recommend the SW IMRT technique for APBI.