bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religious Moderation: An Analysis of Understanding, Internet and Social Media Exposure and Social Interaction Systems
Authors: Yuliawati Elly , Asri Ispawati
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Religious moderation is launched because it concerns the order of life of the nation and state, where the internet and social media become a platform for any dynamic public discussion and change perspectives and practices in religious harmony. This study examines access to information about religious moderation through the internet and social media (WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Line) as the most widely used platforms in Indonesia and the influence of exposure to its content on understanding and the system of relational interaction among university students.

Methods: Explanatory quantitative survey method with factor and regression analysis to explain the dominant factors and the magnitude of the influence of exposure to religious moderation content on students' understanding and interpersonal relationships.

Findings: That student quite often access information about religious moderation on social media through WhatsApp and Instagram. Issues related to national commitment, tolerance, intolerance, violence, radicalism, government attitudes, regulations and their consequences, correlate with the dogmatism factor. The findings show that it is not easy to change one's religious beliefs, and this should be respected. So what remains is to find common ground and give a positive impression so that social interactions continue to run normally.

Originality: The research presents a novelty in the perspective of communication science on the understanding of religious moderation and its correlation with the interpersonal interaction system in students from non-religious campuses. Where previously religious moderation was widely studied in the perspective of language, civilization, humanity, culture, education and with subjects from religious campuses, especially Islam.
Packet switch architecture with multiple output queueing
Authors: Danilewicz Grzegorz , Głąbowsk Mariusz , Kabaciński Wojciech , Kleban Janusz
Published: April 2024

In this paper the new packet switch architecture with multiple output queuing (MOQ) is proposed. In this architecture the nonblocking switch fabric, which has the capacity of N x N2, and output buffers arranged into N separate queues for each output, are applied. Each of N queues in one output port stores packets directed to this output only from one input. Both switch fabric and buffers can operate at the same speed as input and output ports. This solution does not need any speedup in the switch fabric as well as arbitration logic for taking decisions which packets from inputs will be transferred to outputs. Two possible switch fabric structures are considered: the centralized structure with the switch fabric located on one or several separate boards, and distributed structure with the switch fabric distributed over line cards. Buffer arrangements as separate queues with independent write pointers or as a memory bank with one pointer are also discussed. The mean cell delay and cell loss probability as performance measures for the proposed switch architecture are evaluated and compared with performance of OQ architecture and VOQ architecture. The hardware complexity of OQ, VOQ and presented MOQ are also compared. We conclude that hardware complexity of proposed switch is very similar to VOQ switch but its performance is comparable to OQ switch.
Introduction of the Network Centric Warfare concept to Czech Armed Forces
Authors: Eichelmann Pavel , Lukáš Ludekˇ
Published: April 2024

One of the features determining the strength of troops is command and control. The quality of command and control is determined by the quality of the command and control systems (C2S). The Czech Armed Forces are developing tactical command and control systems (TC2S) for the Ground and Air Forces. The TC2S were a little bit separately developed. Now, we want to use the benefit of shared situation awareness. The concept of Network Centric Warfare is a solution of this problem. The integration of both TC2S`s is its main objective. To apply this concept, separate C2S`s of different units are integrated into one logical system, into one joint C2S. Thus it is possible to create the common operation picture for all units of the task force.
Enterprise integration lessons learned
Authors: Ta Anh D. , Starsman Scott
Published: April 2024

This document describes the lessons learned from a United States Navy enterprise integration initiative called Web Enabled Navy (WEN). WEN was initiated in April 2001 with the foci of integrating navy resources and providing a single-point-of-access, Web environment to all business and operational applications. The navy`s applications operate within a complex network environment that spans commands afloat, ashore, and overseas. The challenges addressed are similar to those faced by large, multi-national corporations and include some unusual characteristics including islands of intermittently, bandwidth-limited, connected information consumers. Both technical and management lessons learned will be described and denoted as either prerequisite or success factors.
Preface
Authors: Burakowski Wojciech , Bella Luigi
Published: April 2024

Preface
Characterization of an aperture-stacked patch antenna for ultra-wideband wearable radio systems
Authors: Klemm Maciej , Troester Gerhard
Published: April 2024

This paper presents, for the first time, the time-domain characteristics of an aperture-stacked patch antenna (ASPA) for ultra-wideband (UWB) wearable devices. The methodology of antennas characterization for UWB radio systems is also outlined. The antenna operates within the 3–6 GHz frequency band. Time- and frequency-domain characteristics of this antenna are presented in transmission mode (Tx), receiving mode (Rx) and for 2-antenna (Tx-Rx) system. The pulse driving the antenna has duration of 0.65 ns. In the Tx mode, pulses radiated in different directions of the H-plane have very similar shapes. Fidelity factors are as high as 91.6–99.9%. For 2-antenna system, pulses received in normal and end-fire-like directions have the fidelity of 69.5%. As it was found, antenna does not behave “reciprocal” comparing Tx and Rx modes. For normal propagation direction, radiated pulse is the 2nd derivative of the input waveform, but in the Rx mode, received pulse is the 1st derivative of the incident plane wave. This antenna can be used for transmission of short-pulses, even 0.65–1 ns in duration. It is also small (patch planar dimensions 32/19 mm) and compact. Microstrip configuration allows further integration of active devices on the same board. Taking into account above results we can say that ASPA is a good candidate for UWB non-invasive wireless body area network (WBAN) applications.
Modeling spatial aspects of mobile channel for low antenna height environments
Authors: Simsim Mohammed T. , Khan Noor M. , Rapajic Predrag B.
Published: April 2024

It is essential to have deep understanding of the mobile radio channel in particular for radio communication modeling and advanced technology system design. Models for the mobile radio channel are vital for the study of smart antenna systems, both for the design of algorithms, system-testing purposes, and for network planning. This paper provides an intensive study of the spatial characteristics of the mobile channel for low antenna height cellular environments, i.e., picocells and microcells, assuming Gaussian distributed scatterers. We investigate previous work on the angle of arrival (AoA) statistics for Gaussian distributed scatterers and make appropriate comments. Further, we employ the recently proposed eccentro-scattering physical channel model, as a generalized model, to derive the probability density function (pdf) of AoA of the multipaths at base station (BS) assuming Gaussian distributed scatterers around both BS and mobile station (MS). We found that the pdf of AoA at BS is directly affected by the standard deviation of the scatterers’ density and the size of the scattering disc. The derived formulas, in closed form, can be used further for performance assessment of smart antennas and beamwidth design purposes.
Analysis of propagation of orthogonally polarized supermode in straight and curved multicore microstructured fibres
Authors: A. Goncharenko Igor , Marciniak Marian
Published: April 2024

We analyze the dependence of radiation loss, effective indices and difference of the effective indices of the two modes with similar field distribution propagating in dual-core microstructured fibres as well as their polarization behavior on fibre parameters (air hole diameter, hole separation, distance between guiding cores) and fibre bending. Optimization of the parameters of such fibres using as vector bend sensors is considered.
Impact of the duration of speech sequences on speech quality
Authors: Poˇcta Peter , Vaculík Martin
Published: April 2024

This paper describes simulations of speech sequences transmission for intrusive measurement of voice transmission quality of service (VTQoS) in the environment of IP networks. The aim of the simulations was to investigate the impact of the different durations of speech sequences on speech quality from the jitter rate and packet loss point of view in IP networks. The ITU-T G.729 and ITU-T G.723.1 encoding schemes were used for the purpose of the simulations. The assessment of speech quality was realized by means of perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) algorithm. A comparison of the impact of different durations of speech sequences on speech quality and determination of the optimal duration of speech sequence for measurements of speech quality in telecommunication networks, is the aim of this paper.
Optimum receiver performance of TH-PPM ultra wideband system in multiple user interference
Authors: Upal Mahfuz Mohammad , M. Ahmed Kazi , Rajatheva Nandana
Published: April 2024

This paper demonstrates optimum receiver performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) for time hopping pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) ultra wideband (UWB) system in multiple user interference environment for indoor radio communication. Equal gain combining and selective gain combining have been demonstrated in terms of ideal RAKE (ARAKE), selective RAKE (SRAKE) and partial RAKE (PRAKE) receiver performances. The recently accepted IEEE 802.15.3a model of the UWB channel has been used to describe UWB propagation in indoor environment. Two channel scenarios named CM-1 and CM-3 for IEEE 802.15.3a channel model have been investigated principally. Finally, this paper concludes with an approximation of equivalence of number of fingers in SRAKE and PRAKE receivers as well as an indication of SNR gains achievable as the RAKE finger number is increased, espe- cially with multiple user interference (MUI), for a 16.6 Mbit/s UWB system.
Making ad hoc networking a reality: problems and solutions
Authors: Bouckaert Stefan , Naudts Dries , Moerman Ingrid , Demeester Piet
Published: April 2024

Despite the fact that many electronic evices are equipped with wireless interfaces and numerous publications on wireless ad hoc and mesh networking exist, these networks are seldom used in everyday life. A possible explanation is the fact that only few of the numerous theoretically promising proposals lead to practical solutions on real systems. Currently, wireless network design is mostly approached from a purely theoretical angle. In this paper, common theoretical assumptions are challenged and disproven, and key problems that are faced when putting theory to practice are determined by experiment. We show how these problems can be mitigated, and motivate why a heterogeneous hierarchical wireless mesh architecture, and a multidisciplinary research approach can help in making wireless ad hoc networking a reality.
Practical analysis of IEEE 802.11b/g cards in multirate ad hoc mode
Authors: Kosek Katarzyna , Szott Szymon , Natkaniec Marek , R. Pach Andrzej
Published: April 2024

In multirate ad hoc networks, mobile stations usually adapt their transmission rates to the channel conditions. This paper investigates the behavior of IEEE 802.11b/g cards in a multirate ad hoc environment. The theoretical upper bound estimation of the throughput in multirate ad hoc networks is derived. The measurement scenarios and obtained results are presented. For result validation the theoretical and experimental values are compared. The achieved results, presented in the form of figures, show that cards manufactured by independent vendors perform differently. Therefore, choosing the optimum configuration, according to the user’s requirements, is possible
A hybrid-mesh solution for coverage issues in WiMAX metropolitan area networks
Authors: Gierłowski Krzysztof , Woźniak Józef , Nowicki Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

The new WiMAX technology offers several advantages over the currently available (GSMor UMTS-based) solutions. It is a cost effective, evolving, and robust technology providing quality of service guarantees, high reliability, wide cov- erage and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) transmission capabilities. All these features make it particularly suitable for densely populated urban environments. In this paper we discuss the design and implementation difficulties concerning network coverage discovered in a test-bed implementation of WiMAX. We point out the presence of unexpected “white spots” in the coverage, which are not inherently characteristic of the WiMAX concept. As a possible remedy to this significant drawback of the otherwise very promising technology, we consider reconfigurable mesh organization of WiMAX base stations. We also suggest directions for further development of this kind of network operation, partly based on our practical experience. Despite the clear advantages of the mesh mode in WiMAX networks, its development is currently at an early stage, due to the high complexity of the necessary mechanisms. In this situation, we propose an original, much simpler solution: the so-called support-mesh mode.
A simple vehicle classification framework for wireless audio-sensor networks
Authors: Malhotra Baljeet , Nikolaidis Ioanis , Harms Janelle
Published: April 2024

Vehicle tracking is one of the important applications of wireless sensor networks. We consider an aspect of tracking: the classification of targets based on the acoustic signals produced by vehicles. In this paper, we present a naıve classifier and simple distributed schemes for vehicle classification based on the features extracted from the acoustic signals. We demonstrate a novel way of using Aura matrices to create a new feature derived from the power spectral density (PSD) of a signal, which performs at par with other existing features. To benefit from the distributed environment of the sensor networks we also propose efficient dynamic acoustic features that are low on dimension, yet effective for classification. An experimental study has been conducted using real acoustic signals of different vehicles in an urban setting. Our proposed schemes using a na¨ıve classifier achieved highly accurate results in classifying different vehicles into two classes. Communication and computational costs were also computed to capture their trade-off with the classification quality.
Temperature dependence of polarization mode dispersion in tight-buffered optical fibers
Authors: Borzycki Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

—Experiments and theoretical analysis of influence of temperature on polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in single mode optical fibers and cables are presented. Forces generated by contracting buffer create optical birefringence and increase fiber PMD at low temperatures. Single mode fiber (SMF) in 0.9 mm polymeric tight-buffer can exhibit an extra component of PMD exceeding 0.3 ps/√km in such conditions. On the other hand, tight-buffered spun nonzero dispersion-shifted fibers (NZDSF) and optical units with stranded single mode fibers have showed good stability of PMD over wide range of temperatures. This is due to presence of circular strain in the core, blocking accumulation of mechanically induced birefringence.
Rain precipitation in terrestrial and satellite radio links
Authors: Bogucki Jan , Wielowieyska Ewa
Published: April 2024

This paper covers unavailability of terrestrial and satellite line-of-sight radio links due to rain. To evaluate the rain effects over communication system, it is essential to know the temporal and spatial evolution of rainfall rate. Longterm 1-min average rain-rate characteristics necessary for the design of microwave radio links are determined for central Poland. 1-min rain rate distributions are presented. It also describes comparison results of predicted attenuation obtained from ITU-R formula and empirical data at frequency bands 11 GHz and 18 GHz and satellite 12 GHz. The National Institute of Telecommunications stores 11-year long rain intensity characteristics (1985–1996), based on data derived on 15.4 km long experimental path. In this paper chosen experimental data are presented.
Ensuring interoperability of command and control information systems – new ways to test conformance to the MIP solution
Authors: Bau Nico , Gerz Michael , Glauer Michael
Published: April 2024

In the Multilateral Interoperability Programme (MIP), 25 nations and NATO develop consensus-based, system-independent specifications to achieve semantic interoperability among distributed and heterogeneous command and control information systems (C2ISs). Implementing a distributed system is a complex and error-prone task. Therefore, extensive and efficient testing of the nationalMIP implementations is critical to ensure interoperability. For MIP baseline 3, Research Institute for Communication, Information Processing, and Ergonomics (FKIE) develops a test system that checks the conformance of national C2ISs with regard to the MIP specifications. It aims at reducing the testing effort and in- creasing the quality of MIP-compliant C2IS by automating the testing process. For that purpose, formal and executable test cases are specified. The test system is used as the MIP Test Reference System (MTRS) for the official MIP system level tests. In this paper, we motivate the development of the MTRS and describe the underlying testing approach. The client-server architecture and the test language are described in detail. Finally, the status quo and an outlook on future enhancements are given.
The prediction of terrorist threat on the basis of semantic association acquisition and complex network evolution
Authors: Najgebauer Andrzej , Antkiewicz Ryszard , Chmielewski Mariusz , Kasprzyk Rafał
Published: April 2024

In this paper, which is the continuation of an MCC 2006 Conf. publication by the same group of authors, we propose a concept of early detection of terrorist action preparation activities. Our ideas rely on semantic and complex networks to extract useful information for terrorist threat indication. Presented methods will be used as a core framework for Early Warning System.
Theoretical and practical aspects of military wireless sensor networks
Authors: Winkler Michael , Tuchs Klaus-Dieter , Hughes Kester , Barclay Graeme
Published: April 2024

Wireless sensor networks can be used by the military for a number of purposes such as monitoring militant activity in remote areas and force protection. Being equipped with appropriate sensors these networks can enable detection of enemy movement, identification of enemy force and analysis of their movement and progress. The focus of this article is on the military requirements for flexible wireless sensor networks. Based on the main networking characteristics and military use-cases, insight into specific military requirements is given in order to facilitate the reader’s understanding of the operation of these networks in the near to medium term (within the next three to eight years). The article structures the evolution of military sensor networking devices by identifying three generations of sensors along with their capabilities. Existing developer solutions are presented and an overview of some existing tailored products for the military environment is given. The article concludes with an analysis of outstanding engineering and scientific challenges in order to achieve fully flexible, security proved, ad hoc, self-organizing and scalable military sensor networks.
Developments on an IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless sensor network
Authors: Scheers Bart , Mees Wim , Lauwens Ben
Published: April 2024

In this paper a summary is given of the ongoing research at the Belgian Royal Military Academy in the field of mobile ad hoc networks in general and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in particular. In this study, all wireless sensor networks are based on the physical and the medium access layer of the IEEE 802.15.4 low rate wireless personal area networks standard. The paper gives a short overview of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in the beaconless mode together with a description of the sensor nodes and the software used throughout this work. The paper also reports on the development of a packet sniffer for IEEE 802.15.4 integrated in wireshark. This packet sniffer turns out to be indispensable for debugging purposes. In view of future applications on the wireless network, we made a theoretical study of the effective data capacity and compared this with measurements performed on a real sensor network. The differences between measurements and theory are explained. In case of geograph- ically meaningful sensor data, it is important to have a knowledge of the relative position of each node. In the last part of the paper we present some experimental results of positioning based on the received signal strength indicators (RSSI). As one could expect, the accuracy of such a method is poor, even in a well controlled environment. But the method has some potential.
A survey on mobility models for performance analysis in tactical mobile networks
Authors: Aschenbruck Nils , Gerhards-Padilla Elmar , Martini Peter
Published: April 2024

In scenarios of military operations and catastrophes – even when there is no infrastructure available or left – there is a need for communication. Due to the specific context the communication systems used in these tactical scenarios need to be as reliable as possible. Thus, the performance of these systems has to be evaluated. Beside field-tests, computer simulations are an interesting alternative concerning costs, scalability, etc. Results of simulative performance evaluation strongly depend on the models used. Since tactical networks consist of, or, at least, contain mobile devices, the mobility model used has a decisive impact. However, in common performance evaluations mainly simple random-based models are used. In the paper we will provide classification and survey of existing mobility models. Furthermore, we will review these models concerning the requirements for tactical scenarios.
A static test-bed for the evaluation and optimization of multihop wireless network protocols
Authors: H.-J. Bongartz Harald , Bachran Thomas
Published: April 2024

We investigate the performance of multicast transmissions in a simple stationary wireless multihop ad hoc network test-bed. We compare several methods for MANET multicast using implementations for the protocols MOLSR, SMOLSR and SMF with an approach that uses explicit multicast and link-layer retries for reliable multicast. Results from the test-bed are compared with simulation results. We find that implementing a combination of explicit multicast with a retry mechanism gives the most promising results in test-bed and simulation compared with other approaches.
Quality of service support, security and OSPF interconnection in a MANET using OLSR
Authors: Adjih Cedric , Minet Pascale , Muhlethaler, Paul , Baccelli Emmanuel , Plesse Thierry
Published: April 2024

The MANET networks are of prime interest for military networks. One of the proeminent routing protocols for MANET is OLSR, and indeed, OLSR has been used in many evaluations and experiments of MANETs. As OLSR is on its way to standardization, there are still a number of extensions that are useful and sometimes necessary for practical use of OLSR networks: such extensions are quality of service support, security, and OSPF interconnection. In this paper, we present the architecture, design, specifications and implementations that we made to integrate these features in a military test-bed. This test-bed is a real MANET comprising 18 nodes. These nodes communicate by radio and use the IEEE 802.11b MAC protocol. The OLSR routing protocol updates the routing table used by the IP protocol to forward packets.
Automatic tactical network node configuration with XML and SNMP
Authors: Małowidzki Marek , Bereziński Przemysław
Published: April 2024

In the paper, we describe a “plug-and-play” configuration of nodes of a tactical network on the basis of XML configuration templates and a network plan, developed during the network planning process. We present the concept of a configuration repository, an XML-based database that stores network structure and configuration data, and describe how the Simple Network Management Protocol is used to apply the settings to network devices. We also comment on a possible us a task.
Reference distribution based decision support platform
Authors: Bareja Krzysztof , Ogryczak Włodzimierz
Published: April 2024

There many decision problems where numerous partial achievement functions are considered impartially which makes the distribution of achievements more important than the assignment of several achievements to the specific criteria. Such models are generally related to the evaluation and optimization of various systems which serve many users where quality of service for every individual user defines the criteria. This applies to various technical systems, like to telecommunication ones among others, as well as to social systems. An example arises in location theory, where the clients of a system are entitled to equal treatment according to some community regulations. This paper presents an implementation of decision support framework for such problems. This platform is designed for multiple criteria problems analyzed with the reference distribution approach. Reference distribution approach is an extension of the reference point method.
The problem of objective ranking: foundations, approaches and applications
Authors: P. Wierzbicki Andrzej
Published: April 2024

The paper starts with the discussion of the issue of objectivity versus subjectivity, stressing that while an absolute objectivity is not attainable, nevertheless trying to be as objective as possible constitutes a higher value, necessary for hard science and technology. Dangers and errors of the subjectivist reduction of objectivity to power and money attempted by the postmodern sociology of science are discussed. Then we turn to the problem of subjective versus objective decision analysis and ranking. It is shown that while all classical decision theory aims at a rational analysis and support of subjective decisions, there are important application cases, particularly in managerial problems, when the decision maker prefers to avoid specifying her/his preferences and needs decision analysis – e.g., ranking of decision options – that is as objective as possible. An approach to decision support that might be easily adapted for such objective ranking is the reference point methodology; its application is shown on examples. One of these examples is actually not an application of the methodology, but a real life problem that motivated the development of objective ranking. The examples illustrate that objective ranking might be important for management, including also management of telecommunication networks.
Objective classification of empirical probability distributions and the issue of event detection
Authors: P. Wierzbicki Andrzej
Published: April 2024

The paper concentrates on the issue of classification of empirical probability distributions (histograms), which is useful both in management situations and in event detection or event mining. While existing approaches to event detection concentrate on the use of selected moments or other characteristics of empirical probability distributions, we postulate that full empirical distribution preserves more of needed information then selected moments of this distribution, thus multiple criteria classification of distributions can be most effective in event detection.
Supporting telecommunication product sales by conjoint analysis
Authors: Rzepakowski Piotr
Published: April 2024

Conjoint analysis is widely used as a marketing research technique to study consumers’ product preferences and simulate customer choices. It is used in designing new products, changing or repositioning existing products, evaluating the effect of price on purchase intent, and simulating marketshare. In this work the possibility of conjoint analysis usage in telecommunication filed is analyzed. It is used to find optimal products which could be recommended to telecommunication customers. First, a decision problem is defined. Next, the conjoint analysis method and its connections with ANOVA as well as regression techniques are presented. After that, different utility functions that represent preferences for voice, SMS, MMS and other net services usage are formulated and compared. Parameters of the proposed conjoint measures are determined by regression methods running on behavioral data, represented by artificially generated call data records. Finally, users are split in homogenous groups by segmentation techniques applied to net service utilities derived from conjoint analysis. Within those groups statistical analyses are performed to create product recommendations. The results have shown that conjoint analysis can be successfully applied by telecommunication operators in the customer preference identification process. However, further analysis should be done on real data, other data sources for customer preference identification should be explored as well.
PaperObjective classificationof empirical probability distributionsand the issue of event detection
Authors: Granat Janusz , P. Wierzbicki Andrzej
Published: April 2024

The paper concentrates on the issue of classifica-tion of empirical probability distributions (histograms), whichis useful both in management situations and in event detectionor event mining. While existing approaches to event detectionconcentrate on the use of selected moments or other character-istics of empirical probability distributions, we postulate thatfull empirical distribution preserves more of needed informa-tion then selected moments of this distribution, thus multiplecriteria classification of distributions can be most effective inevent detection.
From transocean routes to global networks: a framework for liner companies to build service networks
Authors: Shi Xiaoning , Voß Stefan
Published: April 2024

During the previous two decades liner carriers within maritime shipping have broken the barriers from being pure transportation providers towards being logistics service providers. Most of the top 20 liner carriers worldwide have set up spin-offs providing services from local booking up to 3rd party logistics services, combining the business advantages of tight linkages with liners together with the negotiation freedom with demanding customers by providing an extension of service coverage. Economical evaluations of transocean routes and global networks are of interest for decision makers re- sponsible for business strategies as well as for operations. It is crucial to achieve appropriate judgements about which liner routes are profitable and how to build better service networks so that the companies’ brand could be attractive to, e.g., shippers, including exporters, importers and forwarding agents. In this paper we discuss the corresponding trade-offs as well as related decision support systems of relevant service providers and companies.
Negotiations on regulated markets
Authors: Laskowski Sylwester
Published: April 2024

The paper considers some problems of negotiations between competitive subjects on regulated market. It is assumed that two subjects (players) have to compete with each other on the retail market and cooperate on the wholesale market. The wholesale market is regulated. The role of the regulator is to support players in negotiations, especially by introducing recommended solutions when the negotiations were broken off. It is considered how introducing a recommended solutions influence the process of negotiations on the wholesale market and a decision problem of choosing retail strategy, that precedes the process of negotiations. A decision problems of a regulator are also formulated. The problems are discussed in context of competition and cooperations between operators on the telecommunications services market.
Cross-selling models for telecommunication services
Authors: Jaroszewicz Szymon
Published: April 2024

Cross-selling is a strategy of selling new products to a customer who has made other purchases earlier. Except for the obvious profit from extra products sold, it also increases the dependence of the customer on the vendor and therefore reduces churn. This is especially important in the area of telecommunications, characterized by high volatility and low customer loyalty. The paper presents two cross-selling approaches: one based on classifiers and another one based on Bayesian networks constructed based on interesting asso- ciation rules. Effectiveness of the methods is validated on synthetic test data.
Survey of NGN migration profiles deployed by selected carriers in Europe, North America and Asia
Authors: Michalski Wojciech
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the alternative migration profiles to next generation carrier network architecture. It describes the paths of development of fixed public network infrastructure for five selected service providers. The carri- ers are selected as being in advanced stage of migration towards NGN. Moreover, examples of varying strategies ranging from full PSTN replacement and NGN overlay to constructing an NGN network from the ground up as well as examples of various migration strategies, especially based on IMS and softswitch solutions are presented.
Testing of highly doped and photonic crystal optical fibers
Authors: Borzycki Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

The paper presents optical measurements – spectral loss, OTDR and PMD, temperature cycling and mechanical tests – bending, twist and crush, performed on Yb-doped single mode fibers and small-core photonic crystal fibers (PCF). Several issues related specifically to characterization of such specialty fibers, like measurement errors and artifacts as well as coupling of test instruments to samples are presented. Of particular importance is reliable and low-loss fusion splicing of specialty fibers to standard single mode fibers (SMF), as most commercially available fiber test instruments are fitted with SMF interfaces only.
Delays in Technology Development: Their Impact on the Issues of Determinism, Autonomy and Controllability of Technology
Authors: P. Wierzbicki Andrzej
Published: April 2024

The paper provides a discussion of diverse delays occurring in technology development, and an explanation of reasons why, when seen holistically from outside, the process of technology development might appear as an autonomous, self-determining, uncontrollable process. When seen from inside, however, the process is far from being uncontrollable. This paradox is explained by the fact that technology development contains many processes with delays, in total amounting sometimes to fifty years; when seen from outside, such a process might appear uncontrollable, even if it is very much controllable when approached internally and in detail. Therefore, the definition and types of technology creation as well as stages of technological processes are discussed in some detail in this paper. Some aspects of the contemporary informational revolution and some recent results on micro-theories of knowledge and technology creation are also reviewed. It is suggested that one of possible ways of changing the paradigmatic attitude of philosophy of technology is to invite some such philosophers to participate in the development of modern tools of knowledge civilization era, such as software development and evaluation. The conclusions of the paper stress the need of essentially new approaches to many issues in the time of informational revolution.
Reference Point Method with Importance Weighted Partial Achievements
Authors: Ogryczak Włodzimierz
Published: April 2024

The reference point method (RPM) is based on the so-called augmented max-min aggregation where the worst individual achievement maximization process is additionally regularized with the average achievement. In order to avoid inconsistencies caused by the regularization, we replace it with the ordered weighted average (OWA) which combines all the individual achievements allocating the largest weight to the worst achievement, the second largest weight to the second worst achievement, and so on. Further following the concept of the weighted OWA (WOWA) we incorporate the importance weighting of several achievements into the RPM. Such a WOWA RPM approach uses importance weights to affect achievement importance by rescaling accordingly its measure within the distribution of achievements rather than by straightforward rescaling of achievement values. The recent progress in optimization methods for ordered averages allows us to implement the WOWA RPM quite effectively as extension of the original constraints and criteria with simple linear inequalities.
An Eclectic Approach to Network Service Failure Detection Based on Multicriteria Analysis with an Example of Mixing Probabilistic Context Free Grammar Models
Authors: Białoń Paweł
Published: April 2024

A method of failure detection in telecommunication networks is presented. This is a meta-method that correlates alarms raised by failure-detection modules based on various philosophies. The correlation takes into account two main characteristics of each module and the whole metamethod: the percentage of false alarms and the percentage of omitted failures. The trade-off between them is tackled with aspiration-based multicriteria analysis. The alarms are cor- related using linear classification by support vector machines. An example of the profitability of correlating alarms in such way is shown. This is an example of probabilistic context free grammars (PCFGs), used to model the proper runtime paths of network services (and thus usable for detecting an improper behavior of the services). It is shown that the linearly mixing PCFGs can add context handling to the PCFG model, thus augmenting the capabilities of the model.
A Level-Based Approach to Prioritize Telecommunications R&D
Authors: Fialho Joana , Godinho Pedro , Costa Jo ̃ao Paulo , Afonso Ricardo , Regalado José Gonc ̧alo
Published: April 2024

In this paper, an approach to evaluate R&D projects in telecommunications is presented. These projects have particular features that cannot be properly incorporated by classical evaluation methods. This approach incorporates different criteria, both quantitative and qualitative, and also management flexibility and uncertainty. Thus, it is an approach that can be applied to real data of R&D projects in a telecommunications company.
Ontology Creation Process in Knowledge Management Support System for a Research Institute
Authors: Chudzian Cezary
Published: April 2024

Though the issue of knowledge management is a hot subject of interest in nowadays market companies, integrated solutions fit to the specific needs of research institutes still require more attention. This paper documents a part of the research activities performed at National Institute of Telecommunications, related to development of research institute knowledge management support system. The ideas lying in the background of the system come from the recent theories of knowledge creation and creativity support and from experience with everyday practice of knowledge management in market companies. Main focus is put here on the issue of creation of a research topics ontology that is meant to be a semantic backbone of the system. Three-stage approach is proposed, aiming at the construction of ontologies for different levels of organizational hierarchy, from individual researcher, through group or unit, up to the whole institute. Created ontologies are linked to knowledge resources and support diverse activities performed at those levels
Towards a Unified Architecture of Knowledge Management System for a Research Institute
Authors: Sobieszek Jarosław
Published: April 2024

This paper presents some elements of architecture of planned knowledge management system dedicated to research institutions. Main contributions include social extension of the idea of adaptive hermeneutic agent and preliminary implementation of domain specific language for development of knowledge management systems. Work described here concentrated on practical verification of viability of proposed ideas and took form of a prototype software system, which can be used by a group of researchers to easily find and recommend relevant information
Multicommodity Auction Model for Indivisible Network Resource Allocation
Authors: Kołtyś Kamil , Pałka Piotr , Toczyłowski Eugeniusz , Żółtowska Izabela
Published: April 2024

In this paper we present the multicommodity auction model BCBT-I that allocates indivisible network resources among bidders. The approach can be considered as a generalization of the basic multicommodity model for balancing communication bandwidth trade (BCBT). The BCBT model assumes that offers concerning inter-node links and point-to-point bandwidth demands can be realized partially. However, in the real-world trade there might be a need to include ca- pacity modularity in the market balancing process. Thus we state the model for balancing communication bandwidth trade that takes into account the indivisibility of traded bandwidth modules. This requires to solve a mixed integer problem and increases computational complexity. Furthermore, the pricing issue appears nontrivial, as the dual prices cannot be longer used to set fair, competitive market prices. For clearing the market, we examine the multicommodity pricing mechanism based on differentiation of buy and sell market prices
Spectral Division of the Optical Fiber Passband Using Narrowband Controllable Filter on the Base of Semiconductor Waveguide Microresonator
Authors: Goncharenko Igor , Esman Alexander , Zykov Grigory , Kuleshov Vladimir , Marciniak Marian , Pilipovich Vladimir
Published: April 2024

We analyze the new principle of multichannel spectral division of optical fiber passband using controllable narrowband integrated optical filters composed of two-coupled ring microresonators made of different semiconductor materials. It is shown that appropriate selecting the semiconductor material and optimizing the design factors of selective optical element allows creating the simple and economical integrated optical filter with bandwidth 0.1 nm, frequency separation between adjacent optical carriers 0.2 nm and signal-to-noise ratio 50 dB. Utilizing such filters in optical fiber communication lines makes it possible to increase the number of transmitted in parallel optical carrier wavelengths up to 160 and even more, i.e., to provide the traffic transmission with the speed up to 1.6 Tbit/s in one direction and in single optical fiber
On the Effects of Code Cardinality for TH-PPM Ultra Wideband Systems
Authors: Mahfuz Mohammad Upal , Ahmed Kazi M. , Rajatheva Nandana
Published: April 2024

This paper demonstrates the effects of code cardinality at transmitter section on bit error rate (BER) performance of time hopping pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) based ultra wideband (UWB) indoor radio communication. In the transmitter, different code cardinality values have been chosen and correspondingly the effects on BER of the system have been investigated. The recently accepted IEEE 802.15.3a model of the UWB channel has been used as the propaga- tion channel model in indoor environment. Results show that the system BER performance is significantly dependent on the code cardinality value of time hopping code. For such higher code cardinality values as in the range from 30 to 50, the BER performance degrades severely. Finally, code cardinality in the range from 10 to 15 has been recommended for TH-PPM system in UWB indoor communications providing better BER performance for the same system data rate requirement
High-Frequency Power Amplitude Modulators with Class-E Tuned Amplifiers
Authors: Modzelewski Juliusz , Mikołajewski Mirosław
Published: April 2024

A high-frequency power amplifier used in a drain amplitude modulator must have linear dependence of output HF voltage Vo versus its supply voltage VDD. This condition essential for obtaining low-level envelope distortions is met by a theoretical class-E amplifier with a linear shunt capacitance of the switch. In this paper the influence of non-linear output capacitance of the transistor in the class-E amplifier on its Vo(VDD) characteristic is analyzed using PSPICE simulations of the amplifiers operating at frequencies 0.5 MHz, 5 MHz and 7 MHz. These simulations have proven that distortions of theVo(VDD) characteristic caused by non-linear output capacitance of the transistor are only slight for all analyzed amplifiers, even for the 7 MHz amplifier without the external (linear) shunt capacitance. In contrast, the decrease of power efficiency of the class-E amplifier resulting from this effect can be significant even by 40%
Cooperative and Non-cooperative, Integrative and Distributive Market Games with Antagonistic and Altruistic, Malicious and Kind Ways of Playing
Authors: Laskowski Sylwester
Published: April 2024

The article illustrates distinctions between important concepts of game theory, which support understanding the relation between subjects on competitive and regulated telecommunications services market. Especially it shows that often used distinction between retail and wholesale market that treat them respectively as competitive and cooperative can be misleading or even wrong
Problems of Broadband in Rural Areas in Light of the BReATH Project Experiences
Authors: Białoń Paweł
Published: April 2024

Some lessons learned from the EU project “Broadband e-Services and Access to the Home” (2005–2007) are presented concerning the broadband development in rural ar- eas. In particular, the paper discusses the common problems of broadband deployment in the rural environment, various aspects of stimulating demand for broadband, the limitations of public aid and, most importantly, the problems of technoeconomic analysis
DiffServ Aware MPLS Traffic Engineering for ISP Networks: State of the Art and New Trends
Authors: Toguyéni Armand , Korbaa Ouajd
Published: April 2024

In the recent ten years, with the development of new applications through Internet such as multimedia or networked control applications, users need more and more quality of service (QoS). However, the requested QoS is not the same depending on the application. Most of the new models to manage internet traffic are based on specific QoS criteria which should be optimized. This paper presents main multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) approaches such as MPLS adaptive traffic engineering (MATE), load distribution in MPLS (LDM) and load balancing over widest disjoints paths (LBWDP) that are new models for traffic engineering. It also introduces periodic multi-step (PEMS) algorithm that adapts the offered quality depending on the class of the routed traffic.
100/1000 Gbit/s Ethernet and beyond
Authors: Marciniak Marian
Published: April 2024

100 Gbit/s Ethernet is foreseen in metro and access by 2014, while 1 Tbit/s Ethernet is forecasted for trunk links before 1020. This paper reviews the advantages and constraints of the optical networking and discusses how they meet the 100 Gbit/s Ethernet needs.