bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed ortho‐C—H Alkylation of 2‐Arylpyridines via Ring‐Opening of Aziridines.
Authors: Gao Ke , Paira Rupankar , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: September 2014

2‐Arylpyridines with substituent at the ortho‐position of the benzene ring or the 3‐position of the pyridine ring only afford trace amounts of the desired products.
ChemInform Abstract: Titania Nanomaterials: Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Poly‐Substituted Quinolines via Friedlaender Hetero‐Annulation.
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Prabal , Prasad G. K. , Sathe Manisha , Sharma Pratibha , Kumar Ashok , Kaushik M. P.
Published: September 2014

An inexpensive and rapid alternative method for the synthesis of structurally diversified polyfunctionalized quinolines of pharmaceutical interest is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Alkyne Annulation by C—H Activation on Ketimines.
Authors: Li Jie , Ackermann Lutz
Published: September 2014

Carboxylate‐assisted ruthenium catalysis enables the oxidative annulation of alkynes by ketimines to form isoquinoline derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Free Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of N‐Carbamoyl Tetrahydroisoquinoline by Sodium Persulfate.
Authors: Chen Wenfang , Zheng Hongbo , Pan Xinhui , Xie Zhiyu , Zan Xin , Sun Bin , Liu Lei , Lou Hongxiang
Published: September 2014

A facile protocol for the coupling of tetrahydroisoquinolines (II) with ketones, aldehydes and aromatic substrates is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Catalysis of the Intermolecular [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Between 2‐Pyridones and Acetylenedicarboxylates.
Authors: Maturi Mark M. , Bach Thorsten
Published: September 2014

The intermolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of 2‐pyridones and acetylenedicarboxylates is carried out for the first time in a catalytic fashion with high enantioselectivity using a chiral triplet sensitizer.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthetic Route Towards Novel Furo‐ and Thieno‐triazolopyridines.
Authors: Maruoka Hiroshi , Tomoike Kazuhiro , Okabe Fumi , Masumoto Eiichi , Fujioka Toshihiro , Yamagata Kenji
Published: September 2014

The reactions are also performed starting from the corresponding furan and thiophene derivatives having an nitrile substituent instead of the ester group.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 9,10‐Dihydro‐6H‐chromeno[4,3‐d]imidazo‐[1,2‐a]pyridin‐6‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Yu Fu‐Chao , Chen Zhi‐Qiong , Hao Xiao‐Pan , Yan Sheng‐Jiao , Huang Rong , Lin Jun
Published: September 2014

A one‐step synthesis of the title compounds is developed via a base catalyzed cyclocondensation of heterocyclic ketene aminals (I) and (IV) with 4‐chloro‐3‐carbaldehyde derivatives (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Alkylidene‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxathiin‐4‐ones and Determination of Their Double Bond Configuration.
Authors: Shimizu Masao , Yamanaka Masaki , Ando Wataru , Shimada Shigeru , Konakahara Takeo , Sakai Norio
Published: September 2014

The structure of product (VIb) is confirmed by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Green Synthesis of Pyrazolophthalazinyl Spirooxindoles Using Task Specific Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Kumari Kumkum , Singh Rahul , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: September 2014

The title compounds (IV) (18 examples) are obtained via a multicomponent reaction in the presence of the task‐specific ionic liquid [DBU][AcOH], which plays the dual role of both catalyst and reaction medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Propylphosphonic Anhydride‐Catalyzed Tandem Approach for Biginelli Reaction Starting from Alcohols.
Authors: Revanna Cigalli N. , Raghavendra Goravanalli M. , Vijay T. A. Jenifer , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Badregowda Doddamedur G. , Mantelingu Kempegowda
Published: September 2014

Dihydropyrimidinones of type (IV) or (VI) are prepared by the Biginelli reaction using alcohols, β‐ketoesters or β‐oxodithioesters in the presence of propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P®)/DMSO which is used to oxidize the alcohols into the corresponding aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrimidine‐Fused Heterocyclic Frameworks Based on an N4‐Arylcytosine Scaffold: Synthesis, Characterization, and PNA Oligomerization of the Fluorescent Cytosine Analogue 5,6‐BenzopC.
Authors: Suchy Mojmir , Hudson Robert H. E.
Published: September 2014

The synthesis of the 5,6‐BenzopC analogue (IIa) and the PNA monomer (IIb) is achieved by Ni‐mediated cyclization of the cytosine derivative (I).
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3·6H2O Catalyzed Aqueous Media Domino Synthesis of 5‐Monoalkylbarbiturates: Water as Both Reactant and Solvent.
Authors: Kalita Subarna Jyoti , Mecadon Hormi , Deka Dibakar C.
Published: September 2014

A straightforward synthesis of 5‐monoalkylated barbiturates is achieved by FeCl3‐catalyzed domino reactions of 6‐aminouracils, α,β‐unsaturated ketones, and water as reactive solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Reaction Between Methyl 3‐Dehydroshikimate, Arylamines, and 2‐Chloroalkyl Esters under Microwave Conditions: A Practical and Biomass‐Based Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐ones.
Authors: Zhang Ensheng , Xu Tianlong , Wei Wen , Huang Tongkun , Yuan Mu , Zeng Wei , Zou Yong
Published: September 2014

This facile and metal‐free protocol affords benzoxazinone derivatives in a one‐pot manner through sequential reaction between dehydroshikimate, anilines, and bifunctional chloroalkyl esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Carbon Monoxide, Imine, and Epoxide
Authors: Zhang Yubo , Ji Jiamin , Zhang Xiuliang , Lin Shaohui , Pan Qinmin , Jia Li
Published: September 2014

gives access to substituted 1,3‐oxazinan‐4‐ones derivatives
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,4‐Benzodiazepinones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Allene Carbopalladation/Amination Domino Sequence.
Authors: Rigamonti Micol , Prestat Guillaume , Broggini Gianluigi , Poli Giovanni
Published: September 2014

Substitution of the tosyl protecting group in (Ia) by a Boc group leads to a significantly lower yield whereas a nosyl group gives a comparable yield of product upon reaction with (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Step Synthesis of the Antimalarial Cardamom Peroxide via an Oxygen Stitching Strategy.
Authors: Hu Xirui , Maimone Thomas J.
Published: September 2014

The synthesis of the terpene cardamom peroxide (I), a 1,2‐dioxepane‐containing natural product, is achieved from myrtenal and oxygen.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Novel Norlignans from Gymnotheca chinensis
Authors: Xiao Shi‐Ji , Lei Xin‐Xiang , Xia Bing , Xiao Hong‐Ping , He Da‐Hai , Fang Dong‐Mei , Qi Hua‐Yi , Chen Fang , Ding Li‐Sheng , Zhou Yan
Published: September 2014

isolation and structural elucidation of gymnothedelignans A (I) and B (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Total Synthesis of Kendomycin by Way of Alkyne Metathesis/Gold Catalysis.
Authors: Hoffmeister Laura , Persich Peter , Fuerstner Alois
Published: September 2014

The key steps comprise a late stage ring‐closing metathesis reaction employing the latest generation of alkyne metathesis catalysts followed by a gold‐catalyzed hydroalkoxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Z‐Isomers of the Proposed and Revised Structures of Aspergillide B via an Iodocyclization and Ring‐Closing Metathesis Strategy.
Authors: Pradhan Tapas R. , Das Pragna P. , Mohapatra Debendra K.
Published: September 2014

The routes towards the proposed, (I), and revised, (II), structures of aspergillide B involve kinetically controlled ring‐closing metathesis for the construction of the 14‐membered macrocyclic ring, ester formation by employing Yamaguchi conditions, a Wacker‐type oxidative cyclization with respect to creation of the C‐4 stereogenic center, as well as a previously reported diastereoselective isomerization‐iodocyclization strategy for the construction of the 2,6‐trans‐disubstituted tetrahydropyran subunit.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Synthesis of Ivacaftor.
Authors: Shen Jingshan , He Yang , Xu Qien , Ma Wenpeng , Zhang Jian , Sun Hongbing
Published: September 2014

Scale‐up of the presented 6 step synthesis starting from 2‐nitrobenzoyl chloride and giving the title compound in 39% yield is in progress.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise [C + NC + CC] Coupling‐Enabled Synthesis of Kaitocephalin.
Authors: Garner Philip , Weerasinghe Laksiri , Van Houten Ian , Hu Jieyu
Published: September 2014

The synthesis of the iGenR antagonist kaitocephalin from aspartic acid is achieved in 15 steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferromagnetic Behaviour of Fe‐Doped ZnO Nanograined Films
Authors: Straumal Boris B. , Protasova Svetlana G. , Mazilkin Andrei A. , Tietze Thomas , Goering Eberhard , Schuetz Gisela , Straumal Petr B. , Baretzky Brigitte
Published: September 2014

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small Inorganic Rings in the 21st Century: From Fleeting Intermediates to Novel Isolable Entities
Authors: He Gang , Shynkaruk Olena , Lui Melanie W. , Rivard Eric
Published: September 2014

Review: 846 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Half‐Metallic and Magnetic Silicon Nanowires Functionalized by Transition‐Metal Atoms
Authors: Durgun Engin , Ciraci Salim
Published: September 2014

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Coupling Reactions for the Functionalisation of C—H Bonds Using Oxygen
Authors: Gulzar Naeem , Schweitzer‐Chaput Bertrand , Klussmann Martin
Published: September 2014

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethyl Ethers and Thioethers as Tools for Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery
Authors: Landelle Gregory , Panossian Armen , Leroux Frederic R.
Published: September 2014

Review: advances in the preparation; 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Amidoalkylating Agents: Structure, Synthesis, Reactivity and Application
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Roman , Pazdzierniok‐Holewa Agnieszka , Adamek Jakub , Zielinska Katarzyna
Published: September 2014

Review: 283 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Complexes and Radical Anion Salts of 1,10‐Phenanthroline Derivatives Annulated with a 1,2,5‐Thiadiazole and 1,2,5‐Thiadiazole 1,1‐Dioxide Moiety: Multidimensional Crystal Structures and Various Magnetic Properties
Authors: Shuku Yoshiaki , Awaga Kunio
Published: September 2014

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergy Between Experimental and Theoretical Methods in the Exploration of Homogeneous Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Lupp D. , Christensen N. J. , Fristrup P.
Published: September 2014

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalysis in the Preparation of the Statin Side Chain
Authors: Liljeblad Arto , Kallinen Annukka , Kanerva Liisa T.
Published: September 2014

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dioxygen‐Coupled Palladium and Copper‐Catalyzed Csp2‐H Functionalization: Reactions and Mechanisms
Authors: Mu Xin , Liu Guosheng
Published: September 2014

Review: 236 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Layered Composite Photocatalysts
Authors: Low Jingxiang , Cao Shaowen , Yu Jiaguo , Wageh Swelm
Published: September 2014

Review: [60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization and Annulation Reactions of Nitrogen‐Substituted Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes
Authors: de Nanteuil F. , De Simone F. , Frei R. , Benfatti F. , Serrano E. , Waser J.
Published: September 2014

Review: [46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Removal of Amino Groups from Anilines Through Diazonium Salt‐Based Reactions
Authors: He Linman , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Gao Yueqiu , Wu Jie
Published: September 2014

Review: [21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organoaluminum Species in Homogeneous Polymerization Catalysis
Authors: Dagorne Samuel , Fliedel Christophe
Published: September 2014

Review: 183 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentacoordinated and Hexacoordinated Compounds
Authors: Pajkert Romana , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker
Published: September 2014

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalysis in Synthesis of Pyrrolidine Derivatives via Cycloaddition Reactions of Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Randjelovic Jelena , Simic Milena , Tasic Gordana , Husinec Suren , Savic Vladimir
Published: September 2014

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Pyrrole‐based Heterocyclic Compounds via Addition of Pyrrole to C:C and C:N Bonds
Authors: Unaleroglu Canan , Temelli Baris , Tasgin Dilek Isik
Published: September 2014

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidative Esterification of Alcohols
Authors: Tang Shan , Yuan Jiwen , Liu Chao , Lei Aiwen
Published: September 2014

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Krapcho Dealkoxycarbonylation Reaction of Esters with α‐Electron‐withdrawing Substituents
Authors: Krapcho A. Paul , Ciganek Engelbert
Published: September 2014

Review: 1913 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of β‐Lactams: Asymmetric Catalysis and Other Recent Advances
Authors: Pitts Cody Ross , Lectka Thomas
Published: September 2014

Review: 189 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven‐Membered Rings
Authors: Ryan John H. , Hyland Christopher , Just Jeremy , Meyer Adam G. , Smith Jason A. , Williams Charlotte C.
Published: September 2014

Review: 286 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Membered Ring‐Containing Spirocycles: Synthetic Strategies and Opportunities
Authors: Carreira Erick M. , Fessard Thomas C.
Published: September 2014

Review: 460 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Stereoselective Synthesis of Aziridines
Authors: Degennaro Leonardo , Trinchera Piera , Luisi Renzo
Published: September 2014

Review: 241 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation and Aziridination of Olefins and Their Synthetic Applications
Authors: Zhu Yingguang , Wang Qian , Cornwall Richard G. , Shi Yian
Published: September 2014

Review: 621 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyl Epoxides in Organic Synthesis
Authors: He Jiayun , Ling Jesse , Chiu Pauline
Published: September 2014

Review: 510 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Alkynes for Construction of Polycyclic Compounds
Authors: Ohno Hiroaki
Published: September 2014

Review: [65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: GPCR Structures in Drug Design, Emerging Opportunities with New Structures
Authors: Tautermann Christofer S.
Published: September 2014

Review: 48 refs
ChemInform Abstract: Separation of Palladium from High Level Liquid Waste — A Review
Authors: Ruhela R. , Singh A. K. , Tomar B. S. , Hubli R. C.
Published: September 2014

Review: evaluation of various liquid‐liquid extraction processes for Pd separation from liquid waste generated during reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels; 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Non‐toxic Solvents for Membrane Preparation: A Review
Authors: Figoli A. , Marino T. , Simone S. , Di Nicolo E. , Li X.‐M. , Tornaghi S. , Drioli E.
Published: September 2014

Review: 213 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Power Generation
Authors: Singhal Subhash C.
Published: September 2014

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon Carbide as Catalytic Support for Energy and Environmental Applications
Authors: Sanchez P. , Valverde J. L. , Dorado F. , de Lucas Consuegra A. , Garcia‐Vargas J. M. , de la Osa A. R.
Published: September 2014

Review: 103 refs.
Aimed information quantity in text
Authors: Chen Jingqiang , Zhuge Hai
Published: September 2014

People often read with aims and reading process significantly influences understanding. This paper defines a new measure of information in text named Aimed Information Quantity in Text by simulating human reading process with reading aims. Aimed Information Quantity in Text reflects not only human memory of words but also relevancy between words emerging in aimed reading process. We demonstrate its application in recommendation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dialogical Exposure with Traumatically Bereaved Bosnian Women: Findings from a Controlled Trial
Authors: Hagl Maria , Powell Steve , Rosner Rita , Butollo Willi
Published: September 2014

Objective

In this trial, we compared the relative efficacy of dialogical exposure group treatment using Gestalt empty‐chair method with a supportive group in the treatment of symptoms stemming from traumatic loss in a post‐war society.

Methods

One‐hundred and nineteen women whose husbands were either killed or registered as missing during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina were quasi‐randomized to seven sessions of group treatment with dialogical exposure or to an active control condition.

Results

Both interventions resulted in significant improvement from baseline to post‐treatment for both kinds of loss, in terms of post‐traumatic symptoms, general mental health and grief reactions, with the exception of depression and traumatic grief in the control condition. Regarding mean effect sizes (Cohen's d), pre‐treatment to post‐treatment improvements were moderate (d = 0.56) for the dialogical exposure group and small (d = 0.34) for the supportive group. Treatment gains were maintained at least until the 1‐year follow‐up. In controlled comparisons, dialogical exposure was superior concerning traumatic grief (Cohen's d = 0.37) and post‐traumatic avoidance (d = 0.73) at post‐treatment.

Conclusions

Results show that short‐term dialogical exposure group treatment was moderately effective in treating traumatically bereaved women. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Research attests to high levels of symptoms among post‐war civil populations, in particular, when a loved one was killed, which can lead not only to trauma reactions but also to severe separation distress.

Grieving the loss of a loved one is hampered if the death remains unconfirmed.

Unconfirmed loss could be conceptualized as unfinished business in terms of Gestalt therapy, which offers empty‐chair dialogue for resolving unfinished business and grief.

Dialogical exposure therapy (DET) supports the client in gaining awareness of and expressing his or her inner dialogues concerning the traumatic event, using Gestalt empty‐chair method.

Short‐term DET was effective in treating traumatically bereaved women but showed little additional effects in comparison with a supportive group treatment, so further research is warranted.
Assessing the Utility of Bipolar Membranes for use in Photoelectrochemical Water‐Splitting Cells
Authors: Vargas‐Barbosa Nella M. , Geise Geoffrey M. , Hickner Michael A. , Mallouk Thomas E.
Published: September 2014

Membranes are important in water‐splitting solar cells because they prevent crossover of hydrogen and oxygen. Here, bipolar membranes (BPMs) were tested as separators in water electrolysis cells. Steady‐state membrane and solution resistances, electrode overpotentials, and pH gradients were measured at current densities relevant to solar photoelectrolysis. Under forward bias conditions, electrodialysis of phosphate buffer ions creates a pH gradient across a BPM. Under reverse bias, the BPM can maintain a constant buffer pH on both sides of the cell, but a large membrane potential develops. Thus, the BPM does not present a viable solution for electrolysis in buffered electrolytes. However, the membrane potential is minimized when the anode and cathode compartments of the cell contain strongly basic and acidic electrolytes, respectively.
Controlling the misuse of cobalt in horses
Authors: Ho Emmie N. M. , Chan George H. M. , Wan Terence S. M. , Curl Peter , Riggs Christopher M. , Hurley Michael J. , Sykes David
Published: September 2014

Cobalt is a well‐established inducer of hypoxia‐like responses, which can cause gene modulation at the hypoxia inducible factor pathway to induce erythropoietin transcription. Cobalt salts are orally active, inexpensive, and easily accessible. It is an attractive blood doping agent for enhancing aerobic performance. Indeed, recent intelligence and investigations have confirmed cobalt was being abused in equine sports. In this paper, population surveys of total cobalt in raceday samples were conducted using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Urinary threshold of 75 ng/mL and plasma threshold of 2 ng/mL could be proposed for the control of cobalt misuse in raceday or in‐competition samples. Results from administration trials with cobalt‐containing supplements showed that common supplements could elevate urinary and plasma cobalt levels above the proposed thresholds within 24 h of administration. It would therefore be necessary to ban the use of cobalt‐containing supplements on raceday as well as on the day before racing in order to implement and enforce the proposed thresholds. Since the abuse with huge quantities of cobalt salts can be done during training while the use of legitimate cobalt‐containing supplements are also allowed, different urinary and plasma cobalt thresholds would be required to control cobalt abuse in non‐raceday or out‐of‐competition samples. This could be achieved by setting the thresholds above the maximum urinary and plasma cobalt concentrations observed or anticipated from the normal use of legitimate cobalt‐containing supplements. Urinary threshold of 2000 ng/mL and plasma threshold of 10 ng/mL were thus proposed for the control of cobalt abuse in non‐raceday or out‐of‐competition samples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of Reading and Phonological Skills of Children at Family Risk for Dyslexia: A Longitudinal Analysis from Kindergarten to Sixth Grade
Authors: Dandache Sophie , Wouters Jan , Ghesquière Pol
Published: September 2014

The main focus of this article is to develop a better understanding of the developmental trajectories of literacy and phonological skills within Dutch‐speaking children. Children at high and low risk for dyslexia were followed and compared at four different moments: kindergarten and first, third and sixth grades. Three groups were then compared: (1) dyslexic readers; (2) normal readers at high risk for dyslexia; and (3) normal readers at low risk for dyslexia. Children diagnosed with dyslexia scored lower than high‐risk normal readers on phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN), verbal short‐term memory and literacy skills. Normal readers at high risk scored between both groups, confirming that dyslexia is to be considered as a continuum rather than an all‐or‐none condition. Growth analyses showed that the three groups evolved similarly on all measures except for phoneme deletion and literacy measures. Finally, solely PA and RAN explained a significant amount of variance in the evolution of reading skills. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Richness and diversity of mammalian fungal communities shape innate and adaptive immunity in health and disease
Authors: Rizzetto Lisa , De Filippo Carlotta , Cavalieri Duccio
Published: September 2014

Human holobiomes are networks of mutualistic interactions between human cells and complex communities of bacteria and fungi that colonize the human body. The immune system must tolerate colonization with commensal bacteria and fungi but defend against invasion by either organism. Molecular ecological surveys of the human prokaryotic microbiota performed to date have revealed a remarkable degree of bacterial diversity and functionality. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the eukaryotic composition of the microbiota. In this review, we describe the ecology and the human niches of our fungal “fellow travelers” in both health and disease, discriminating between passengers, colonizers, and pathogens based on the interaction of these fungi with the human immune system. We conclude by highlighting the need to reconsider the etiology of many fungal and immune‐related diseases in the context of the crosstalk between the human system and its resident microbial communities.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Switchable N–H/C–H Alkenylation of 6‐Phenyl(dihydro)pyridazinones with Alkynes
Authors: Wang Wei , Liang Lei , Xu Fengrong , Huang Wenjie , Niu Yan , Sun Qi , Xu Ping
Published: September 2014

A ruthenium‐catalyzed switchable N–H/C–H alkenylation reaction of 6‐phenyl‐(dihydro)pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones triggered by a nitrogen/oxygen atmosphere was developed. To achieve switchable modification of the two important sites of the widely used pharmacophore, a simple and efficient procedure containing two optimized ruthenium catalytic systems was utilized, which afforded excellent activity, high selectivity, and good tolerance of a wide range of functional groups.
Brønsted Acid/Lewis Acid Cooperatively Catalyzed Addition of Diazoesters to 2H‐Chromene Acetals
Authors: Luan Yi , Qi Yue , Gao Hongyi , Ma Qianqian , Schaus Scott E.
Published: September 2014

A Brønsted acid/Lewis acid dual catalyst system was developed to promote efficient C–C bond formation between a range of oxocarbenium precursors derived from chromene acetals and ethyl diazoacetate. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and is tolerant of functionalized 2H‐chromenes and isochromene acetals. In addition, an asymmetric variant of diazoacetate addition towards 2H‐chromene acetals is described. Continued investigations include further optimization of asymmetric induction towards the formation of diazo ester substituted 2H‐chromene.
Focusing and continuous separation of microparticles by insulator‐based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) in stair‐shaped microchannel
Authors: Cheri Mohammad Sadegh , Latifi Hamid , Khashei Hesamodin , Seresht Mohsen Jamshidi
Published: September 2014

Focusing and separation of microparticles in a complex mixture have had wide applications in chemistry, biology, medicine, etc. This work presents a numerical and experimental investigation on focusing and continuous separation of microparticles in a geometrically optimized arrangement of steps in the form of a staircase using insulator‐based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) mechanism. First, a detailed finite element analysis was performed on important parameters in the focusing and separation of microparticles, such as geometry of stair‐shaped microchannel, total voltage, and voltage difference applied to reservoirs. The optimum parameters obtained from numerical analysis were used for experimental work. Theoretically, predicted microparticle trajectories are in good agreement with experimentally observed ones. Experimental and numerical results show that the performance of focusing of microparticles enhances with growth of the total voltage (in a constant voltage difference) and decreases with voltage difference. The fabricated iDEP microchip enhances the performance of focusing and separation of microparticles due to its stair‐shaped microchannel and therefore operates at low DC total applied voltages of 90–110 V.
Boronate affinity‐assisted MEKC separation of highly hydrophilic urinary nucleosides using imidazolium‐based ionic liquid type surfactant as pseudostationary phase
Authors: Rageh Azza H. , Pyell Ute
Published: September 2014

In this work, we extend our investigations regarding the separation of urinary nucleosides by MEKC with the ionic liquid type surfactant 1‐tetradecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (C14MImBr). We study the impact of adding alkyl‐ and arylboronic acids (in the presence of C14MImBr micelles) to the separation of these highly hydrophilic metabolites and investigate the mechanism of interaction between the negatively charged nucleosides (the negative charge is acquired either due to deprotonation of the amidic group and/or complexation with boronate) and the positively charged pseudostationary phase. This interaction is not only due to electrostatic (Coulombic) forces, but also due to hydrophobic interaction of the alkyl or aryl group of the boronate that forms a complex with the cis‐diol group of the nucleoside. In this case, alkylboronates can act as a cosurfactant that increases the partitioning coefficient of the analytes into the micelles. In the presence of an alkylboronate in the BGE (employing only 20 mmol/L C14MImBr), the retention factors of the studied analytes are increased considerably when compared to a BGE without this additive. It is shown that the concept of one‐site hydrophobically assisted ion exchange can be applied to describe the observed retention behavior. The high selectivity of boronates toward cis‐diol‐containing compounds can be used to adjust selectively the migration behavior of members of this compound class. By adding alkylboronic acid to the BGE, the separation selectivity is fine‐tuned so that interferences from matrix components can be avoided in real sample analysis.
Shame Memories and Eating Psychopathology: The Buffering Effect of Self‐Compassion
Authors: Ferreira Cláudia , Matos Marcela , Duarte Cristiana , Pinto‐Gouveia José
Published: September 2014

Objective

Research suggests that self‐compassion may protect against shame in eating disorders. This study examines the association between shame memories, self‐compassion, self‐judgment and eating psychopathology severity and tests the moderator effect of self‐compassion on the relationships between shame memories and eating psychopathology.

Method

Participants were 34 patients with the diagnosis of an eating disorder, who were assessed using Eating Disorder Examination and the Shame Experiences Interview and self‐report instruments measuring the traumatic and centrality to identity features of shame memories, self‐compassion and self‐judgment.

Results

Self‐compassion was negatively correlated to shame memory features and eating psychopathology, and self‐judgment was positively associated with such variables. Self‐compassion had a moderator effect on the association between shame traumatic and central memories and eating psychopathology severity.

Conclusion

This is the first study to explore the buffering effect of self‐compassion against the pathogenic effects of shame memories on eating psychopathology severity in eating disorders, with relevant clinical and research implications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q): Norms for Undergraduate Japanese Women
Authors: Nakai Yoshikatsu , Nin Kazuko , Fukushima Mitsuo , Nakamura Konoyu , Noma Shunichi , Teramukai Satoshi , Taniguchi Ataru , Wonderlich Stephen
Published: September 2014

The aim of the present study was to provide normative data for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) among undergraduate Japanese women and to compare these data to norms obtained from previous studies. Undergraduate Japanese women (n = 289), aged 18–24 years, were administered the EDE‐Q. The mean global score in the present study was 1.55 (SD = 1.03). Japanese women reported significantly higher scores of shape concern and weight concern in spite of lower body mass index but a significantly lower score of restraint, compared with women in other normative studies. There were significant differences with respect to the occurrence of some specific eating disorder behaviours between Japanese women and women in the previous studies. Differences in normative data for the EDE‐Q between young Japanese women and young women in the previous studies suggest that there may be certain cultural differences in eating disorder psychopathology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Numerical solutions of systems with (p,δ)‐structure using local discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods
Authors: Kröner Dietmar , Růžička Michael , Toulopoulos Ioannis
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we present LDG methods for systems with (p,δ)‐structure. The unknown gradient and the nonlinear diffusivity function are introduced as auxiliary variables and the original (p,δ) system is decomposed into a first‐order system. Every equation of the produced first‐order system is discretized in the discontinuous Galerkin framework, where two different nonlinear viscous numerical fluxes are implemented. An a priori bound for a simplified problem is derived. The ODE system resulting from the LDG discretization is solved by diagonal implicit Runge–Kutta methods. The nonlinear system of algebraic equations with unknowns the intermediate solutions of the Runge–Kutta cycle is solved using Newton and Picard iterative methodology. The performance of the two nonlinear solvers is compared with simple test problems. Numerical tests concerning problems with exact solutions are performed in order to validate the theoretical spatial accuracy of the proposed method. Further, more realistic numerical examples are solved in domains with non‐smooth boundary to test the efficiency of the method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal use of fertility drugs and risk of cancer in children—A nationwide population‐based cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Hargreave Marie , Jensen Allan , Nielsen Thor Schütt Svane , Colov Emilie Palmgren , Andersen Klaus Kaae , Pinborg Anja , Kjaer Susanne Krüger
Published: September 2014

Large population‐based studies are needed to examine the effect of maternal use of fertility drugs on the risk of cancer in children, while taking into account the effect of the underlying infertility. A cohort of 123,322 children born in Denmark between 1964 and 2006 to 68,255 women who had been evaluated for infertility was established. We used a case–cohort design and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for cancer in childhood (0–19 years) and in young adulthood (20–29 years) associated with maternal use of six groups of fertility drugs (clomiphene, gonadotropins [i.e., human menopausal gonadotropins and follicle‐stimulating hormone], gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogs, human chorionic gonadotropins, progesterone and other fertility drugs). We found no statistically significant association between maternal use of fertility drugs and risk for overall cancer in childhood or young adulthood. However, with regard to specific cancers in childhood, our results showed that maternal use of progesterone before childbirth markedly increased the risks of their offspring for acute lymphocytic leukemia (any use: HR, 4.95; 95% CI, 1.69–14.54; ≥ three cycles of use: HR, 9.96; 95% CI, 2.63–37.77) and for sympathetic nervous system tumors (any use: HR, 5.79; 95% CI, 1.23–27.24; ≥ three cycles of use: HR, 8.51; 95% CI, 1.72–42.19). These findings show that maternal use of progesterone may increase the risk for specific cancers in the offspring. Additional large epidemiological studies are urgently needed to confirm our finding.
Neurotoxic effects of ochratoxin A on the subventricular zone of adult mouse brain
Authors: Paradells Sara , Rocamonde Brenda , Llinares Cristina , Herranz‐Pérez Vicente , Jimenez Misericordia , Garcia‐Verdugo Jose Manuel , Zipancic Ivan , Soria Jose Miguel , Garcia‐Esparza Ma. Angeles
Published: September 2014

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin that was discovered as a secondary metabolite of the fungal speciesAspergillusandPenicillium, is a common contaminant in food and animal feed. This mycotoxin has been described as teratogenic, carcinogenic, genotoxic, immunotoxic and has been proven a potent neurotoxin. Other authors have previously reported the effects of OTA in different structures of the central nervous system as well as in some neurogenic regions. However, the impact of OTA exposure in the subventricular zone (SVZ) has not been assessed yet. To elucidate whether OTA affects neural precursors of the mouse SVZ we investigated,in vitroandin vivo, the effects of OTA exposure on the SVZ and on the neural precursors obtained from this neurogenic niche. In this work, we prove the cumulative effect of OTA exposure on proliferation, differentiation and depletion of neural stem cells cultured from the SVZ. In addition, we corroborated these resultsin vivoby immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. As a result, we found a significant alteration in the proliferation process, which was evidenced by a decrease in the number of 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine‐positive cells and glial cells, as well as, a significant decrease in the number of neuroblasts in the SVZ. To summarize, in this study we demonstrate how OTA could be a threat to the developing and the adult SVZ through its impact in cell viability, proliferation and differentiation in a dose‐dependent manner. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the Sequence Context of Phosphorylatable Amino Acids: The Contribution of the Upgraded MAPRes Tool
Authors: Iqbal Zeeshan , Hoessli Daniel C. , Qazi Wajahat M. , Ahmad Munir , Shakoori Abdul Rauf , Nasir‐ud‐Din
Published: September 2014

Several models that predict where post‐translational modifications are likely to occur and formulate the corresponding association rules are available to analyze the functional potential of a protein sequence, but an algorithm incorporating the functional groups of the involved amino acids in the sequence analyses process is not yet available. In its previous version, MAPRes was utilized to investigate the influence of the surrounding amino acids of post‐ translationally and co‐translationally modifiable sites. The MAPRes has been upgraded to take into account the different biophysical and biochemical properties of the amino acids that have the potential to influence different post‐ translational modifications (PTMs). In the present study, the upgraded version of MAPRes was implemented on phosphorylated Ser/Thr/Tyr data by considering the polarity and charge of the surrounding amino acids. The patterns mined by MAPRes incorporating structural information on polarity and charge of amino acids suggest distinct structure‐function relationships for phosphorylated serines in a multifunctional protein such as the insulin‐receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1) protein. The new version of MAPRes is freely available at http://www.imsb.edu.pk/Database.htm. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 370–379, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Could lncRNAs be the Missing Links in Control of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation?
Authors: Tye Coralee E. , Gordon Jonathan A.R. , Martin‐Buley Lori A. , Stein Janet L. , Lian Jane B. , Stein Gary S.
Published: September 2014

Long suspected, recently recognized, and increasingly studied, non protein‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key drivers of biological control and pathology. Since their discovery in 1993, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been the subject of intense research focus and investigations have revealed striking findings, establishing that these molecules can exert a substantial level of biological control in numerous tissues. More recently, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), the lesser‐studied siblings of miRNA, have been suggested to have a similar robust role in developmental and adult tissue regulation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an important source of multipotent cells for normal and therapeutic tissue repair. Much is known about the critical role of miRNAs in biogenesis and differentiation of MSCs however; recent studies have suggested lncRNAs may play an equally important role in the regulation of these cells. Here we highlight the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell lineages including adipocytes, chondrocytes, myoblasts, and osteoblasts. In addition, the potential for these noncoding RNAs to be used as biomarkers for disease or therapeutic targets is also discussed. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 526–534, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
Microscopic observations of self‐healing products in calcareous fly ash mortars
Authors: Jóźwiak‐Niedźwiedzka Daria
Published: September 2014

The results of microstructural characterization of mortars containing fly ash class C (High Calcium Fly Ash) from combustion of lignite are presented. The evaluation of the microstructure was performed using scanning electron microscope, optical, and confocal microscope. The tested beams were bent till the crack and microcracks opening, which were healed during the different curing time. The results showed that the replacement of cement with fly ash class C influenced the process of crack healing. The addition of HCFA, at both 30% and 60%, speeds up the self‐healing process in cracks and particularly in micro‐cracks. In the research, the completely filling up of the cracks by new phases has not been observed, only the beginning of such process has been noticed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 78:22–29, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Characterization of Mixed Unit Interval Graphs
Authors: Joos Felix
Published: September 2014

We give a complete characterization of mixed unit interval graphs, the intersection graphs of closed, open, and half‐open unit intervals of the real line. This is a proper superclass of the well‐known unit interval graphs. Our result solves a problem posed by Dourado, Le, Protti, Rautenbach, and Szwarcfiter (Mixed unit interval graphs, Discrete Math 312, 3357–3363 (2012)).
Labelling of ceftriaxone with 99mTc and its bio‐evaluation as an infection imaging agent
Authors: Sohaib Muhammad , Khurshid Zain , Roohi Samina
Published: September 2014

Differentiation of bacterial and sterile inflammation will have a significant impact on the current clinical practice. Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was labelled with 99mTc and assessed for its ability to depict infection on scintigraphy. Stoichiometry was performed to optimize labelling parameters. Stability and bacterial binding was verified and biodistribution pattern was seen in normal, infected/inflamed animal models. 99mTc‐CTRX prepared at pH 7 with stannous chloride of 50 µg, ligand of 30 mg, and boiling for 10 min gave labelling yield of 96.2 ± 0.2% with good stability. In vitro binding was higher for Escherichia coli than Staphylococcus aureus. Biodistribution in normal rats showed high uptake in hepatobiliary system, gut and urinary system. In animal models induced with infection or inflammation, lesion to normal ratios at 4 h were 2.36 ± 0.21, 12.66 ± 1.44 and 1.40 ± 0.01 with S. aureus infection, E. coli infection and turpentine oil inflammation, respectively. Infection specificity especially for E. coli was also confirmed on scintigraphic findings.

Ceftriaxone can be labelled with 99mTc with high labelling yield at pH compatible with that of blood. Our preparation has shown stability in vitro and in human serum, and binds preferentially with bacteria. 99mTc‐CTRX scintigraphy can be used to delineate sites of active infection and to differentiate infection and inflammation.
Self‐Assembly of Conjugated Units Using Metal‐Terpyridine Coordination
Authors: Gao Yang , Rajwar Deepa , Grimsdale Andrew C.
Published: September 2014

Due to their inherently dynamic natures and fascinating photoluminescent/photoelectronic properties, coordination compounds of metal ions and conjugated terpyridine ligands have attracted considerable attention as functional materials for a variety of potential applications. In this feature article, a summary of recent work toward the development of one‐ (1D), two‐ (2D), and three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular polymers, networks, and metallomacrocycles based on zinc metal ion coordination of conjugated units bearing terpyridine ligands is presented, and it is shown how it fits within the overall framework of work in this field. Here, a sequential study from terpyridines as basic building blocks to their zinc‐coordinated supramolecular 1D polymers, 2D macrocycles, and 2D and 3D networks is developed. These networks are compared with respect to their thermal stabilities, molecular organization, and linear and nonlinear optical properties. This work opens new prospects for the development of supramolecular chemistry of terpyridines and other transition metal ions, and also their application in future optoelectronic devices.

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Performance of a Bis(imine)Pyridine Iron Catalyst System in Ethylene/Norbornene Copolymerization with Zinc Diethyl
Authors: Pereira Leticia Quinello , de Fatima Vieira Marques Maria
Published: September 2014

Brookhart catalysts are widely used in ethylene polymerization to produce polymers with high molecular weight and crystallinity degree. In the present work, the performance of a bis(imine)pyridine iron catalyst and methylaluminoxane (MAO) as a catalytic system was evaluated for ethylene/norbornene copolymerization and the influence of adding zinc diethyl (DEZ) in the reaction medium was investigated. The results showed that the system was effective in copolymerization besides the low incorporation of norbornene in polymer chain, as indicated by multimodal profiles in DSC and high crystalline degree.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonated Poly‐(styrene‐co‐acrylic acid) for Applications as Pronton Exchange Membranes
Authors: Da Silva Luciano , Pedrosa Renato P. , Coelho Fernanda , Vieira Luana F. , Benavides Roberto , Dal‐Bó Alexandre G. , Frizon Tiago E. , Paula Marcos M. S.
Published: September 2014

Polymeric membranes were prepared using the mass copolymerization of styrene/acrylic acid (St/AA) at 90/10, 92/8 and 94/6 ratios. Divinyl benzene (DVB) was also added at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.001% weight for each St/AA ratio. The obtained copolymers were sulfonated by treating the materials with concentrated sulfuric acid for 0, 30 and 85 minutes to enhance their ion exchange capacities. The materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cross‐linking level by gel percentage and acidity through sodium hydroxide titration. The FTIR spectra of the membranes before sulfonation showed the existence of traditional bands that corresponded to the polymer components; some homopolymer main bands were lost, whereas two new bands appeared during the copolymerization reaction. The TGA analyses showed a higher decomposition temperature for the DVB cross‐linked membranes, while DSC did not provide much information due to the hygroscopic nature of the membranes. The gel percentage was effectively related to the DVB level. The membranes acidity increased with increasing acrylic acid content, sulfonation time and DVB percentage; however, the acidic values are highly dependent on the solubility of the materials.
Chemistry Modification of PMMA‐g‐PEG copolymer
Authors: Rosa Juliana dos Santos , Silveira Benila Maria , Novack Kátia Monteiro , dos Santos Viviane Martins Rebello , de Moraes Teixeira Leonardo César
Published: September 2014

Copolymers are polymers consisting of different repeat units and their production is usually motivated by the changing of polymers properties. An important application are the transportation of drugs within the organism with the aim of controlling the release of the substance. The synthesis of these new copolymers is based on simple semi‐synthesis and low cost. The synthetic routes are based on the interaction of the graft copolymer (PMMA‐g‐PEG) with a variety of reagents such as acetic anhydride, acetic acid, methyl iodide, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. The products from these reactions of esterification, methylation, acetylation and halogenation will be characterized by Fourier‐transforminfrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The use of this technique allowed us to detect the main absorption bands related to the CO bonds, C‐Cl, R‐COOR and CO, thus confirming the efficiency of modification reactions of the graft copolymer chain.
Characterization of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) with Differents Bentonites
Authors: Morita Reinaldo Yoshio , Kloss Juliana Regina , Barbosa Ronilson Vasconcelos
Published: September 2014

In this study, poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) with different organophilic bentonites were prepared by melt‐blended and evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the tensile properties. The results showed that the modification of bentonite with the two different surfactants presented distinct thermal and tensile behaviors of the samples containing natural bentonite. Both modifiers acted on the compatibility of the filler with the polymer matrix, obtaining injected‐specimens that were visibly homogeneous. The samples containing the Cloisite® bentonite modified with ammonium salt‐free surfactant (eBI‐AM) presented a different behavior from the others, in that increased crystallinity, which was verified through DSC, due to the nucleating effect of the filler influenced the flexible character of the EVA materials, thus increasing the rigidity and decreasing elongation. Therefore, it was of utmost importance the use and the proposal of an ammonium salt‐free modifier due to the low thermal stability that are caused by them in polymer/organophilic bentonite, as it has already been reported in the literature.