bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of electrophysiological characteristics and ventricular synchrony: An intrapatient‐controlled study during His‐Purkinje conduction system pacing versus right ventricular pacing
Authors: Chen Xueying , Zhou Xiaolan , Wang Yanan , Jin Qinchun , Chen Yufei , Wang Jingfeng , Qin Shengmei , Bai Jin , Wang Wei , Liang Yixiu , Chen Haiyan , Su Yangang , Ge Junbo
Published: May 2022

Objectives to Background

To compare electromechanical ventricular synchrony when pacing from different sites, including right ventricular apex pacing (RVAP), right ventricular septum pacing (RVSP), His bundle pacing (HBP), left bundle branch pacing (LBBP), and RVSP during unipolar pacing from the ring electrode of LBBP lead (RVSPring) in each patient and evaluate the correlations between electrophysiological characteristics and ventricular synchrony.

Methods

Twenty patients with complete atrioventricular block indicated for dual‐chamber pacemaker implantation were included in the study. Unipolar pacing at different sites, including RVAP, RVSP, HBP, LBBP, and RVSPring, was successively performed in each patient. The pacing characteristics and echocardiogram parameters were collected and compared among intrinsic rhythm and pacing at different sites.

Results

Similar to HBP (114.84 ± 18.67 ms), narrower paced QRSd was found in LBBP (116.15 ± 11.60 ms) as compared to RVSPring (135.11 ± 13.68 ms), RVSP (141.65 ± 14.26 ms), and RVAP (160.15 ± 19.35 ms) (p < .001). LBBP showed comparable pacing parameters to RVAP or RVSP and was significantly better than HBP, with maintained cardiac function. TS‐12‐SD was significantly improved in LBBP (41.80 ± 20.97 ms) than RVAP (69.70 ± 32.42 ms, p = .003) and RVSP (63.30.56 ± 32.53 ms, p = .018) but similar to HBP (51.50 ± 25.67 ms, p = .283) or RVSPring (57.80 ± 25.65 ms, p = .198). Among these pacing strategies, negative values of interventricular mechanical delay (IVMD) were only identified in LBBP (−19.25 ± 18.43 ms), significantly different from RVAP (35.00 ± 30.72 ms), RVSP (22.85 ± 22.05 ms), HBP (5.20 ± 18.64 ms), and RVSPring (16.00 ± 26.76 ms (all p < .05). Using Pearson's analysis, Sti‐LVAT was positively correlated with QRS duration, IVMD, TS‐12‐SD, LVEDV, and LVESV, while a negative relationship could be observed for left ventricular ejection fraction.

Conclusions

His‐Purkinje conduction system pacing (HPCSP) achieved better electrical and mechanical synchrony than conventional RV pacing. For interventricular synchrony, only LBBP initiated earlier LV activation than RV, in accordance with the right bundle branch block (RBBB) pattern of paced QRS during LBBP. Sti‐LVAT might be a good parameter correlating with LV systolic function and mechanical synchrony.
Inhibitors of the ubiquitin proteasome system block myofibril assembly in cardiomyocytes derived from chick embryos and human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Wang Jushuo , Fan Yingli , Wang Chenyan , Dube Syamalima , Poiesz Bernard J. , Dube Dipak K. , Ma Zhen , Sanger Jean M. , Sanger Joseph W.
Published: May 2022

Details of sarcomeric protein assembly during de novo myofibril formation closely resemble myofibrillogenesis in skeletal and cardiac myocytes in birds, rodents, and zebrafish. The arrangement of proteins during myofibrillogenesis follows a three‐step process: beginning with premyofibrils, followed by nascent myofibrils, and concluding with mature myofibrils (reviewed in Sanger et al., 2017). Assembly and maintenance of myofibrils in living muscle cells. In: Handbook of experimental pharmacology, 2017 [pp. 39–75]. Our aim is to determine if the same pathway is followed in human cardiomyocytes derived from human inducible pluripotent stem cells. We found that the human cardiomyocytes developed patterns of protein organization identical to the three‐step series seen in the model organisms cited above. Further experiments showed that myofibril assembly can be blocked at the nascent myofibril by five different inhibitors of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) stage in both avian and human cardiomyocytes. With the exception of Carfilzomib, removal of the UPS inhibitors allows nascent myofibrils to proceed to mature myofibrils. Some proteasomal inhibitors, such as Bortezomib and Carfilzomib, used to treat multiple myeloma patients, have off‐target effects of damage to hearts in three to 6 % of these patients. These cardiovascular adverse events may result from prevention of mature myofibril formation in the cardiomyocytes. In summary, our results support a common three‐step model for the formation of myofibrils ranging from avian to human cardiomyocytes. The Ubiquitin Proteasome System is required for progression from nascent myofibrils to mature myofibrils. Our experiments suggest a possible explanation for the cardiac and skeletal muscle off‐target effects reported in multiple myeloma patients treated with proteasome inhibitors.
Predictors of primary prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator use in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: impact of the predicted risk of sudden cardiac death and all‐cause mortality
Authors: Schrage Benedikt , Lund Lars H. , Benson Lina , Dahlström Ulf , Shadman Ramin , Linde Cecilia , Braunschweig Frieder , Levy Wayne C. , Savarese Gianluigi
Published: May 2022

Aims

Use of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICD) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is limited. We aimed to investigate barriers to ICD use in HFrEF while considering the predicted risk of mortality and SCD.

Method and results

Patients from the SwedeHF registered in 2011–2018 and with an indication for primary prevention ICD were analysed. The Seattle Proportional Risk and Seattle Heart Failure Models were used to predict the proportional SCD and all‐cause mortality risk, respectively. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify independent predictors of ICD use/non‐use; Cox regression models to evaluate the interaction between predicted SCD/mortality risk and ICD use for mortality. Of 13 475 patients, only 15.5% had an ICD. Those with higher predicted proportional SCD risk (>45%) had an ∼80% higher likelihood to have an ICD. Other predictors of non‐use were follow‐up in primary versus specialty care, higher comorbidity burden and lower socioeconomic status. ICD use was associated with lower mortality only in patients with higher predicted SCD and lower mortality risk (34% and 37% relative risk reduction for 3‐year all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively). In this subgroup of patients, underuse of ICD was 81.8%.

Conclusion

In a contemporary registry, only 15.5% of patients with an indication for primary prevention ICD received the device. While a high predicted proportional SCD risk was appropriately linked to ICD use, the lack of specialized follow‐up, higher comorbidity burden, and lower socioeconomic status were major unjustified impediments to implementation. Our findings suggest areas for improving ICD use for primary prevention of SCD in clinical practice.
Epstein–Barr virus and malaria upregulate AID and APOBEC3 enzymes, but only AID seems to play a major mutagenic role in Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Summerauer Andrea M. , Jäggi Vera , Ogwang Rodney , Traxel Sabrina , Colombo Lorenzo , Amundsen Eivind , Eyer Tatjana , Subramanian Bibin , Fehr Jan , Mantel Pierre‐Yves , Idro Richard , Bürgler Simone
Published: May 2022

Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is characterized by an oncogenic IGH/c‐MYC translocation and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positivity, and is epidemiologically linked to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Both EBV and malaria are thought to contribute to eBL by inducing the expression of activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID), an enzyme involved in the IGH/c‐MYC translocation. AID/apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide‐like (AID/APOBEC) family enzymes have recently emerged as potent mutagenic sources in a variety of cancers, but apart from AID, their involvement in eBL and their regulation by EBV and P. falciparum is unknown. Here, we show that upon inoculation with EBV, human B cells strongly upregulate the expression of enzymatically active APOBEC3B and APOBEC3G. In addition, we found significantly increased levels of APOBEC3A in B cells of malaria patients, which correlated with parasite load. Interestingly, despite the fact that APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, and APOBEC3G caused c‐MYC mutations when overexpressed in HEK293T cells, a mutational enrichment in eBL tumors was only detected in AID motifs. This suggests that even though the EBV‐ and P. falciparum‐directed immune response triggers the expression and activity of several AID/APOBEC members, only the upregulation of AID has oncogenic consequences, while the induction of the APOBEC3 subfamily may primarily have immunoprotective functions.
Identifying diverse paths toward successful policy performance in Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) and European Union countries: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) exploitation of the Sustainable Governance Indicators (SGI) data
Authors: Bazzan Giulia , Álamos‐Concha Priscilla , Rihoux Benoît
Published: May 2022

Although the policy performance field acknowledges the importance of adopting a long‐term decision making perspective to attain more sustainable policy outcomes, it overlooks the way in which sustainable governance conditions and policy performance relate to each other. We address this gap by investigating why some countries succeed in terms of policy performance while others do not. Applying a fuzzy‐set QCA to 41 Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development and European Union countries of the Sustainable Governance Indicators data, we find out that successful economic and social policy performance is mainly driven by executive accountability conditions combined with effective implementation, while the high‐quality of media plays a key role in successful environmental policy performance. Considering the multiple paths that practitioners can follow toward sustainable development benefits, they can also learn how to shift from short‐term to long‐term thinking by identifying “what works and why,” formulating good practices and guidelines for better policy performance in the respective national contexts.
Energy efficient IoT‐based informative analysis for edge computing environment
Authors: Bhatia Munish
Published: May 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) is an intelligent technology that interconnection of everything at any time over an edge computing network. Because of pervasiveness and ubiquity, IoT technology is exhausting energy resources over edge computing platforms. As a result, IoT energy efficiency has become a prominent research domain. Conspicuously, an energy‐efficient IoT framework for the edge computing paradigm has been proposed in the present research. Specifically, the proposed framework comprises three layers including perception and control layer, data processing layer, and application and visualization layer. The presented framework predicts inactive sensor intervals based on respective battery percentage, historical utility, and data accuracy needed for edge‐based service delivery. Specifically, when the sensing nodes are in inactivity mode, the predicted value increases edge resource usage by re‐provisioning the allotted resources. Moreover, the presented technique enables energy‐efficient utilization of IoT resources. For validation purposes, the performance comparison is performed with state‐of‐the‐art techniques. It shows that the presented framework is significantly enhanced in terms of energy consumption efficacy (30.45 mJ/K nodes), packet loss ratio (0.51%), statistical performance, and system stability (84.69%).
Self‐Care
Authors: Rosenbaum Susanna , Talmor Ruti
Published: May 2022

Self‐care is everywhere these days. Unlike “care,” it is not yet a central term in anthropology, but recent ethnographic studies point up its potential. In this keyword entry, we trace out distinct yet co‐present understandings of the term that stem from radically different worldviews and construct it in oppositional, mutually exclusive ways. The first is the Black feminist lineage, which defines self‐care as a political warfare within and against an American system of intersectional oppression. The second is a multidisciplinary body of work which builds on Foucault and defines self‐care as a neoliberal form of domination and subjectification. Finally, we examine a burgeoning literature on refusal that emerges from multiple disciplines, including queer and affect theory, Native studies, Black feminism, and disability studies. Centering the margins, this perspective directly speaks to processes of domination, elucidating the recursive relationship among self, care, and personhood—how practices of care produce persons, and in turn, how only those accorded full personhood are deemed worthy of care. Containing these multiple and conflicting definitions, self‐care thus exposes the current experience of crisis as bifurcated: either hopelessly ongoing or hopefully at a breaking point that will lead to change.
Development of probiotics beverage using cereal enzymatic hydrolysate fermented with Limosilactobacillus reuteri
Authors: Yang Zhoujie , Zhu Xiaoli , Wen Anyan , Qin Likang
Published: May 2022

Although most probiotic products are milk based, lactose intolerance and vegetarianism inspired the idea of developing nondairy probiotic products. In this study, probiotic beverages were produced from four enzymatically hydrolyzed cereal substrates (coix seed, quinoa, millet, and brown rice) and fermented by Limosilactobacillus reuteri. Fermentation parameters, including pH, titratable acidity, viable count, organic acids, and volatile components were determined. Results showed that the pH values decreased and titratable acidity increased with the fermentation process (p < .05). Although the final pH in all samples was below 4.0, the growth of L. reuteri was not significantly inhibited by low pH. The number of viable bacteria (12.96 log CFU/ml) in coix seed substrate was significantly higher than that in other samples after the fermentation for 24 h (p < .05). Lactic acid and acetic acid were the main organic acids after fermentation and the highest in quinoa (lactic acid: 7.58 mg/ml; acetic acid: 2.23 mg/ml). The flavor analysis indicated that there were differences in the flavor components of different cereal beverages. Forty‐nine volatile compounds were identified in four beverages, including acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters. The results of the electronic tongue showed that the umami taste of the fermented coix seed was better than that of other samples, displaying the more pleasant taste characteristics. In conclusion, it is feasible to prepare probiotic symbiotic cereal beverage with L. reuteri as starter culture. This study provides a reference for the development of nondairy probiotic products.
Protocol for “Genetic composition of sickle cell disease in the Arab population: A systematic review”
Authors: Ata Fateen , Yousaf Zohaib , Sardar Sundus , Javed Saad , Iqbal Phool , Khamees Ibraheem , Malkawi Lujain Salahaldeen , Yassin Mohamed A.
Published: May 2022

Background

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a global health issue in hematology with a progressively increasing prevalence. There are recent advances in the management of SCD, with new drugs being introduced. It is essential to analyze the genetic makeup of SCD regionally to anticipate the effectiveness of management modalities. This systematic review's main objectives are (a) to combine the existing knowledge of the genetic composition of SCD in the Arab population and (b) to analyze the various phenotypes of SCD prevalent in the Arab population.

Methods

We will perform a systematic review and search multiple electronic databases predefined search terms to identify eligible articles. Eligible studies should report findings on the genetic testing of Sickle Cell disease in the 22 Arab countries. Case reports, case series, observational studies with cross‐sectional or prospective research design, case‐control studies, and experimental studies will be included. Study quality will be independently evaluated by two reviewers using the statistical methodology and categories guided by the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook and PRISMA guidelines.

Discussion

This review will explore and integrate the evidence available on the various genotypes and phenotypes of SCD in the Arab population. By acquiring and summarizing data about the genetic and phenotypic variants of the SCD patient population, this study will add to the knowledge and help find more precise treatments.

Systematic review registration

The protocol is registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42020218666).
Biventricular strain and strain rate impairment shortly after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot in children: A case‐control study
Authors: Dehghan Bahar , Ahmadi Alireza , Sarfarazi Moghadam Shima , Sabri Mohammad Reza , Ghaderian Mehdi , Mahdavi Chehreh , Sedighi Mohsen , Bigdelian Hamid
Published: May 2022

Background

Early biventricular dysfunction in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) children may lead to poor clinical outcomes. We aimed to assess biventricular function in TOF children before and after surgery by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and compare them with the controls.

Methods

Twenty repaired TOF children and 20 normal children as controls were assessed by STE. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), biventricular strain, and strain rate were compared before and after surgery and between TOF children and controls.

Results

Postoperative LVEF (p = 0.001), strain (p = 0.001), and strain rate (p = 0.001) for left ventricle improved significantly compared to preoperative phase. However, postoperative left ventricular strain (p = 0.05) and strain rate (p = 0.01) in TOF children were significantly impaired compared to controls. Postoperative LVEF was correlated inversely with postoperative strain rate (r = −0.40, p = 0.04). Postoperative TAPSE (p = 0.001), strain (p = 0.001), and strain rate (p = 0.001) for right ventricle significantly worsened when compared with the preoperative phase. Moreover, postoperative TAPSE (p = 0.001), strain (p = 0.001), and strain rate (p = 0.01) were significantly impaired compared to controls. Postoperative right ventricular strain rate was correlated significantly with the weight of children (r = 0.48, p = 0.02), and postoperative left ventricular strain showed significant correlations with aortic clamp time (r = 0.44, p = 0.04) and with ICU stay (r = −0.46, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Despite normal LVEF, TOF children exhibit impaired left ventricular strain and strain rate after surgery. TAPSE, strain, and strain rate for the right ventricle worsen after surgical repair. STE‐driven strain can be used to detect early ventricular dysfunction and the associated prognostic implications.
Macro‐management policies: A supporting role to company' capital expenditure
Authors: Zehri Chokri
Published: May 2022

This article studies the empirical impact of Foreign Assets Management (FAM) on companies' capital expenditure in emerging market economies with International Financial Shocks (IFS). The empirical analysis uses annual data of 2931 publicly listed companies in 45 emerging market economies from 2000 to 2019. We analyzed a multiplicative regression of a canonical capital expenditure Q model. The findings show that FAM positively affects companies' capital expenditure. Moreover, financially restricted companies are more sensitive to the favourable impact of FAM compared to restricted companies. Our results highlight the relevance of considering companies' heterogeneity when examining the effect of macro‐management policies. In addition, FAM has a more favourable impact on companies' capital expenditure in economies that concurrently use capital controls and macroprudential policy. Finally, our findings suggest that successful macro‐management policies insulate capital expenditure from adverse IFS. This result highlights the role of more coordinated approaches to repel adverse international shocks.
Biogenesis of JC polyomavirus associated extracellular vesicles
Authors: Morris‐Love Jenna , O'Hara Bethany A. , Gee Gretchen V. , Dugan Aisling S. , O'Rourke Ryan S. , Armstead Brandon E. , Assetta Benedetta , Haley Sheila A. , Atwood Walter J.
Published: May 2022

JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a small, non‐enveloped virus that persists in the kidney in about half the adult population. In severely immune‐compromised individuals JCPyV causes the neurodegenerative disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in the brain. JCPyV has been shown to infect cells by both direct and indirect mechanisms, the latter involving extracellular vesicle (EV) mediated infection. While direct mechanisms of infection are well studied indirect EV mediated mechanisms are poorly understood. Using a combination of chemical and genetic approaches we show that several overlapping intracellular pathways are responsible for the biogenesis of virus containing EV. Here we show that targeting neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) with the drug cambinol decreased the spread of JCPyV over several viral life cycles. Genetic depletion of nSMase2 by either shRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 reduced EV‐mediated infection. Individual knockdown of seven ESCRT‐related proteins including HGS, ALIX, TSG101, VPS25, VPS20, CHMP4A, and VPS4A did not significantly reduce JCPyV associated EV (JCPyV(+) EV) infectivity, whereas knockdown of the tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 or trafficking and/or secretory autophagy‐related proteins RAB8A, RAB27A, and GRASP65 all significantly reduced the spread of JCPyV and decreased EV‐mediated infection. These findings point to a role for exosomes and secretory autophagosomes in the biogenesis of JCPyV associated EVs with specific roles for nSMase2, CD9, CD81, RAB8A, RAB27A, and GRASP65 proteins.
Age‐, sex‐, and subregion‐specific properties of distal fibular microarchitecture and strength: An ex vivo HR‐pQCT study
Authors: Schlickewei Carsten , Schweizer Conradin , Püschel Klaus , Ondruschka Benjamin , Kleinertz Holger , Barg Alexej , Rolvien Tim , Stürznickel Julian
Published: May 2022

Despite its clinical relevance in the context of ankle fractures, little is known about the bone microarchitecture and strength of the distal fibula, especially regarding age‐, sex‐, and subregion‐specific effects. To address this gap of knowledge, we obtained fibulae from 30 skeletally intact donors at autopsy (each 15 male and female), which were analyzed by high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography including micro‐finite element analysis. Scans were performed in a 7‐cm volume of interest and evaluated in three subregions according to the Danis‐Weber fracture classification. Group comparisons and linear regression analyses were applied to evaluate the effects of age, sex, and subregion. From distal to proximal, we observed an increase of cortical parameters and a decrease of trabecular parameters. Age was primarily associated with a cortical decrease in all subregions (Danis‐Weber type A, B, and C) in women. While women showed a greater magnitude of decline, men also exhibited an age‐associated decrease for some parameters, including cortical area and cortical thickness in the type C subregion. Stiffness and failure load were highest in the type C subregion in both women and men. A critical age‐related decline in bone strength parameters in the type B subregion was observed in women, providing an explanation for the increased incidence of low‐traumatic type B fractures in the elderly. Together, these findings extend the current understanding of distal fibular microarchitecture, likely explaining the epidemiologic features of distal fibula fractures and emphasizing the need for age‐adapted treatment algorithms.
Infusion reaction incidence after switching all patients to an infliximab biosimilar in an Australian hospital
Authors: Whatmough Sarah , Snoswell Centaine , Callaghan Gavin , Lucas Grace , Barras Michael , Morris Christopher
Published: May 2022

To date, two infliximab biosimilar brands have been approved for use in Australia. In 2020, Queensland Health encouraged biosimilar use by removing the infliximab originator from their state formulary and left only one infliximab biosimilar (Renflexis®; Samsung Bioepis, Sydney, NSW, Australia). The aim was to conduct a quality assurance study examining the incidence of infusion reactions after switching all patients to the one approved biosimilar brand of infliximab. This was a retrospective study of medical charts of all patients who received an infliximab dose at a tertiary hospital between 10 June to 30 September 2020. The number of infusion reactions to the first dose of Renflexis® (Samsung Bioepis) was compared to the two doses immediately prior to the switch with an alternative brand. The study received ethics exemption (2020100904CM). A total of 370 doses of infliximab were dispensed to 139 patients, of which 320 doses (86.5%) were Renflexis® (Samsung Bioepis). There were three patients excluded from the study. A total of 119 patients (88%) were switched to the Renflexis® (Samsung Bioepis) brand and two of these patients (1.7%) experienced a true infusion reaction. When compared to doses prior to the switch, three of 116 patients (2.6%) with data available experienced an infusion reaction for the dose immediately prior, and one of 113 patients (0.9%) for two doses prior. No treatment‐naïve patients (n = 17) initiated on Renflexis® (Samsung Bioepis) experienced an infusion reaction. The use of a biosimilar infliximab, in both treatment‐naïve patients and those and switching from alternative brands, does not appear to have an increased incidence of infusion reactions.
Measuring clinician stuck points about trauma‐focused cognitive behavior therapy: The TF‐CBT Stuck Points Questionnaire
Authors: Patel Zabin S. , Casline Elizabeth , Shaw Ashley M. , Jensen‐Doss Amanda , Ramirez Vanessa
Published: May 2022

Although evidence‐based treatments (EBTs) for youth trauma have been developed, trauma‐informed EBTs are rarely used in community settings. Clinician concerns about evidence‐based trauma treatment may be a barrier to adoption and delivery. However, few instruments to assess clinician beliefs about specific EBTs, such as trauma‐focused cognitive behavior therapy (TF‐CBT) are available. This study evaluated an instrument of clinician concerns about TF‐CBT, the TF‐CBT Therapist Stuck Points questionnaire, in a sample of community mental health clinicians training in a year‐long TF‐CBT community‐based learning collaborative. The 26 items in the instruments, which aim to assess clinician views on child trauma treatment and TF‐CBT, indicate preliminary psychometric support (i.e., item‐total correlations, internal consistency, negative correlations with measures of attitudes towards evidence‐based practice). Scores on the TF‐CBT Therapist Stuck Points questionnaire revealed that, on average, clinicians expressed concerns about having children talk about their trauma in session, the effectiveness of certain TF‐CBT components, and whether to involve caregivers in treatment. Clinician doubts could be targeted during a TF‐CBT implementation effort and clinical supervision to facilitate treatment delivery. Implications for assessing TF‐CBT specific beliefs during implementation are discussed.
Contributions of creative outputs to economic growth: A disaggregated analysis
Authors: Goel Rajeev K.
Published: May 2022

This paper studies contributions of creative outputs to economic growth across a sample of 131 nations. Results show that the contributions of overall creative outputs to economic growth are statistically insignificant; however, upon disaggregation, creative goods and services show positive growth dividends, especially in 5‐year growth. In contrast, growth returns from capital formation are more immediate, while those from labor are diffused. ISO quality certifications showed positive growth effects. When contributions of creative goods were examined across nations with different growth rates, creative goods and services positively contributed to 5‐year growth in median growth nations, but not elsewhere.
Generalized sine–cosine wavelet method for Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equations
Authors: Idrees Shafaq , Saeed Umer
Published: May 2022

In this article, a wavelet method is introduced for solving Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equations on an arbitrary interval. The proposed method is the fractional‐order generalization of sine–cosine wavelets (FGSCWs). The operational matrices of fractional‐order integration are constructed for solving initial value problem as well as boundary value problem. Furthermore, numerical solution of nonlinear Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equation is obtained with the conjunction of proposed method with quasilinearization technique. We have constructed the FGSCW operational matrix, FGSCW operational matrix of Hadamard fractional integration of arbitrary order, and FGSCW operational matrix of Hadamard fractional integration for Caputo–Hadamard fractional boundary value problems. Convergence analysis of the proposed method is investigated. Numerical procedure is given for both Caputo–Hadamard initial and boundary value problems. Illustrative examples show the reliability and efficiency of the proposed method and give solution with less error.
Existence of solutions for a class of nonlinear Neumann boundary value problems in the presence of upper and lower solutions
Authors: Urus Nazia , Verma Amit K.
Published: May 2022

In this article, we explore the monotone iterative technique (MI‐technique) to study the existence of solutions for a class of nonlinear Neumann four‐point, boundary value problems (BVPs) defined as,

where
and
. The nonlinear term
, where
, is Lipschitz in
and one‐sided Lipschitz in
. Using lower solution
and upper solutions
, we develop MI‐technique, which is based on quasilinearization. To construct the sequences of upper and lower solutions which are monotone, we prove maximum principle as well as anti‐maximum principle. Then under certain assumptions, we prove that these sequences converge uniformly to the solution
in the specific region, where
or
. To demonstrate that the proposed technique is effective, we compute the solution of the nonlinear multi‐point BVPs. We don't require sign restriction on
which is very common and strict condition.
A multiobjective discrete combination optimization method for dynamics design of engineering structures
Authors: Ding Wenjie , Ji Yanchen , Liao Haitao , Fang Daining
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a new multiobjective discrete optimization method for the engineering design of dynamic problems. A discrete combinatorial optimization problem is solved using a particle swarm optimization algorithm coupled with a stair‐form interpolation model. To address multiobjective optimization issues, a weighted average approach is implemented to convert the multiobjective optimization problem into an equivalent single‐objective optimization problem. Design constraints are taken into consideration by using the penalty function strategy. The proposed method is first verified with a 10‐bar truss structure design problem, where the cross‐sectional area of each bar is optimized to minimize both volume and node displacement. Second, the dynamic issue for hybrid composite laminates is investigated by maximizing the fundamental frequency and minimizing the cost. The results reveal that the optimized results generated by the proposed method agree well with those from other approaches.
Welcome Back to Display Week!
Authors: Atwood Stephen P.
Published: May 2022

To my fellow attendees, welcome to San Jose for the 59th annual Display Week Symposium, Seminars, Business Conference, Exhibition, and so much more. This year is especially important because it marks the first time back to an in‐person and on‐site event since 2019—which coincidentally was held in San Jose.
Key Contributions During the Past 60 Years and the Path Ahead
Authors: Tsujimura Takatoshi
Published: May 2022

Display Week 2022 will feature events and celebrations honoring the 60th anniversary of the Society for Information Display (SID), which will complete my term as SID president. I would like to reflect on how SID has grown and contributed to the industry over the years.
Spotlight on Outdoor Displays
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz
Published: May 2022

Here, the guest editor visits the topics of light performance, professional applications, and consumer electronic devices and how they relate to outdoor displays.
The 2022 Display Industry Awards Honor Top Innovations
Authors: Wilson Lori A.
Published: May 2022

This year's winners reflect the ever‐evolving display landscape with products designed to make devices that are more sustainable, economical, and engaging while providing users with a more dynamic visual experience.
Hole‐Selective Ultrathin Al‐Doped SiOxPassivation Layer Formed by Immersing in Aluminum Nitrate Aqueous Solution
Authors: Nakajima Hiroki , Tu Huynh Thi Cam , Ohdaira Keisuke
Published: May 2022

Herein, ultrathin Al‐doped SiOxlayer formed by immersing in Al(NO3)3aqueous solution is introduced. This layer enables high‐level surface passivation with a maximum effective surface recombination velocity (Seff,max) < 16 cm s−1at an excess carrier density (Δn) of 1 × 1015 cm−3for 2.5 Ω cm n‐type c‐Si without any other processes such as film deposition in a vacuum chamber, high‐temperature annealing, and hydrogenation. This passivation effect presumably comes from negative fixed charges localized in Al‐doped SiOxlayers, forming inversion layers due to upward Si band bending at the SiOx/Si interface. In addition, the Al‐doped SiOxlayers facilitate accumulated holes at the interface to tunnel through the layers even though the applied bias is extremely low. The high tunnel current density of holes accumulated in the inversion layers implies that these ultrathin Al‐doped SiOxlayers are expected to be favorably implemented for high‐efficiency passivating‐contact c‐Si solar cells.
Anisotropic Behavior of Thermoelectric Power in Zigzag and Armchair 2D Phosphorene
Authors: Gaonkar Narayan , Vaidya Ratnakar
Published: May 2022

Anisotropic thermopower,S,in zigzag and armchair 2D phosphorene is investigated using Boltzmann transport formalism. Anisotropic behavior of thermopower shows that thermopower along armchair direction is higher than that of zigzag direction. The theoretical studies ofSand its dependence on the temperature,T, carrier concentration,ns, and phonon mean free path,λ, bring out the features of anisotropic thermopower. The limitations of the often used Mott expression for the analysis of thermopower are brought out. For the range of carrier concentration, 1016 < ns < 1018 m−2, the anisotropic ratio ofSvaries from 3.1 to 2.3 at room temperature. The modification in the behavior ofSfrom anisotropic to low anisotropic for higher carrier concentration and at lower temperature is noticed. These theoretical investigations are in good agreement with recent experimental results.
Antarctic data impact experiments with Polar WRF during the YOPP‐SH summer special observing period
Authors: Bromwich David H. , Powers Jordan G. , Manning Kevin W. , Zou Xun
Published: May 2022

Data impact experiments are conducted employing the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model during the YOPP‐SH summer special observing period (SOP) using the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) framework to determine the forecast impact of numerous additional radiosondes collected during the SOP. Hybrid variational‐ensemble three‐dimensional data assimilation is performed on model forecast domains over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean using all regular observations normally available (Experiment “NoSOP”) and using the same set plus the extra soundings launched for the SOP (Experiment “SOP”). The SOP results show better near‐surface temperature and wind‐speed forecasts than the NoSOP results, primarily over West Antarctica. Radiosonde profiles confirm that temperature and wind‐speed forecasts are improved throughout the troposphere with the addition of the SOP radiosonde data, but the results for relative humidity are variable. Temperatures are improved at lower levels early in the forecasts, whereas wind speeds are better at higher levels later in the forecasts. An evaluation against the ERA5 global reanalysis that provides a much broader perspective reveals that the improved forecast skill for the SOP experiment persists up to 72 hours for temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. The gains, however, are primarily confined to the Antarctic continent, consistent with the additional radiosonde spatial coverage being mainly poleward of 60°S. With extra radiosondes concentrated over the Antarctic Peninsula, SOP forecasts of the region downstream of the Peninsula were significantly improved compared to NoSOP forecasts. In addition, it is found that the assimilation of the additional radiosonde data can have a greater impact on the forecasts of strong cyclones, as shown for a major coastal cyclone affecting West Antarctica, with improvements in its magnitude and track. The results also suggest that increasing radiosonde launches at lower southern latitudes would improve forecasts over the Southern Ocean, especially during austral winter.
Impact of the Aeolus Level‐2B horizontal line‐of‐sight winds in the Environment and Climate Change Canada global forecast system
Authors: Laroche Stéphane , St‐James Judy
Published: May 2022

The European Space Agency Aeolus mission was launched in August 2018. This satellite carries the first Doppler lidar able to provide global measurements of wind profiles. Aeolus Level‐2B products have been generated and monitored by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in near real‐time since a few weeks after the launch. These products include the horizontal line‐of‐sight (HLOS) winds that are suitable for data assimilation in numerical weather prediction systems. This article presents a series of observing system experiments conducted over summer 2019 to assess the value of the Level‐2B HLOS winds and their impact on the Environment and Climate Change Canada global forecasts. The impact of atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) on forecasts is also examined and compared with the impact of HLOS winds. Two datasets are used: the HLOS winds produced in near real‐time at ECMWF and those reprocessed later in fall 2020. It is found that the near real‐time data are significantly biased and should be corrected. A look‐up table bias correction based on observation minus background departures is applied to this dataset as initially proposed by ECMWF. The reprocessed data are of better quality and bias corrected using the telescope's primary mirror temperature variations as predictor. The impacts of the near real‐time and reprocessed HLOS winds on forecasts are generally positive for both temperature and wind. The impacts are largest in the troposphere over the Tropics and polar regions. The positive impacts on forecasts are larger with the reprocessed data, particularly in the stratosphere, where a significant degradation over the Southern Hemisphere is found from assimilating the near real‐time data. The normalized forecast error reductions at days 1 and 2 for the wind are ∼1.25% over the Tropics and Southern Hemisphere. The positive impact of the HLOS winds on forecasts is enhanced by ∼40% when the AMVs are not assimilated in the control experiment. The forecast error reduction from assimilating AMVs is, however, two times larger than from assimilating HLOS winds in the extratropics. Conversely, the impact of HLOS winds on forecasts is generally larger in the Tropics.
An Unusual Growth in the Nail Matrix: A Case of Superficial Acral Fibromyxoma
Authors: Ho Genevieve , Kurek Caroline , Stewart David , Martin Linda K.
Published: May 2022

We describe a case of superficial acral fibromyxoma arising within the germinal matrix of the index finger. This is an uncommon localisation of this relatively newly described benign soft tissue tumour. Herein, we discuss the varied clinical presentation, distinguishing histopathological features and important differential diagnoses for this condition.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Copper and Copper Containing Magnetically Separable Catalysts
Authors: Kundu Mousumi , Mondal Bibhas , Das Debjit , Roy Ujjal Kanti
Published: May 2022

This review endeavours to summarize the emergence of magnetically separable catalysts as a new class of catalyst for the modern developments in the synthesis and reactivity of the nano‐sized magnetically separable copper and copper containing nanomaterials exploited as potent applicant in the field of material science not only for their widespread technological applications but also to realize the fundamentals of nano‐magnetism. This review covers extensively different catalytic reactivity for carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bond formation reactions and emphasized on recent developments in the field.
A Greener Approach to Oxazolidinone Synthesis Using a Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Ahmadi Faezeh , Nejad Masoumeh Jadidi , Shariatipour Monire , Heydari Akbar
Published: May 2022

By employing a ternary and environmentally benign deep eutectic solvent comprising choline chloride, glycerol, and aluminum chloride hexahydrate(ChCl/Glycerol/AlCl3.6H2O) as the catalyst and reaction media, three component reaction of epoxides, amines and dimethyl carbonate has been accomplished, which allows for the efficient construction of various 3,5‐disubstituted oxazolidinones, important scaffolds in small molecule drug discovery. Simple reaction conditions and the use of green and sustainable materials and reagents make this a straightforward and practical methodology for obtaining various oxazolidinones.
A Novel Strategy to Enhance Acid Strength of Zeolites by Incorporating Ge into Zeolite Framework
Authors: Kokuryo Shinya , Jabri Hasna Al , Miyake Koji , Uchida Yoshiaki , Tanaka Shunsuke , Miyamoto Manabu , Oumi Yasunori , Nishiyama Norikazu
Published: May 2022

In the long history of zeolite research, further enhancement of their acid strength has looked difficult. In this study, we achieved the enhancement by incorporating Ge into the zeolite framework. We synthesised the zeolites by a dry gel conversion method and characterised them in terms of morphology, crystal structure, and composition. We determined the acid strength of these zeolites by calculating the change in the enthalpy of desorption in the temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia and confirmed that the acid strength of the zeolites with Ge was higher than that of a conventional zeolite. This enhancement of acid strength probably originated from the unprecedented interactions between Al and Ge, unlike the conventional interactions between Al and Si. The enhanced acid strength led to high efficiency of ethanol‐to‐propylene reactions, affording higher yield of propylene than that obtained using conventional zeolites.
Regioselectivity of [3+2] Cycloadditions of Heteroaryl Azides and Ethyl‐Vinyl Ether
Authors: D'Auria Maurizio , Racioppi Rocco , Viggiani Licia
Published: May 2022

The reaction of ethyl vinyl ether with some heteroaryl azides in the presence of MnSO4 affords some unexpected products. In the case of 2‐azido‐1,3‐thiazole an imidate is formed, while 2‐azidobenzothiophene gives an unprecedented 3,3a‐dihydro‐2H‐8‐thia‐1‐aza‐cyclopenta[a]indene system, with loss of the aromaticity of the benzotiophene ring. DFT calculations are performed to justify these structures. Selenophene ‐derived acyl azides on the contrary, afford in two cases N‐heteroaryl carbamates, probably due to the reaction of an intermediate isocyanate and cleavage of the ether linkage.
Bifunctional Catalyst for Liquid–Solid Redox Conversion in Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wu Jiahui , Yu Zuxi , Yao Yu , Wang Lifeng , Wu Ying , Cheng Xiaolong , Ali Zeeshan , Yu Yan
Published: May 2022

Room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries are one of the most promising large‐scale energy storage systems due to their high energy density and abundant Na reserve. However, the main challenges of poor rate performance and unsatisfactory capacity ascribing to sluggish conversion reaction kinetics and severe shuttling effect of long‐chain sodium polysulfides (NaPSs) retard the practical application. An ideal RT Na–S cathode host should concurrently incorporate strong adsorption capability and high catalytic activity. Herein, a bifunctional catalyst is designed, i.e., cobalt sulfide–selenide heterostructure in multichannel carbon nanofibers (denoted as CoS2–CoSe2@CNFs), as sulfur host for RT Na–S batteries. This unique catalyst combines the advantages of CoS2 with high adsorption capability toward soluble sodium polysulfides and CoSe2 with efficient catalytic activity to promote the liquid–solid conversion process. As a result, the S/CoS2–CoSe2@CNFs cathode achieves a high initial capacity (1295 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), long cycling stability (749 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 1 A g−1), and outstanding rate capability (866 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1). This work demonstrates a new bifunctional design strategy from theoretical and experimental aspects for high‐performance RT Na–S batteries.
A phylogenetic survey of the ascomycete genus Arthrorhaphis (Arthrorhaphidaceae, Lecanoromycetes) including new species in Arthrorhaphis citrinella sensu lato
Authors: Frisch Andreas , Ohmura Yoshihito , Holien Håkon , Bendiksby Mika
Published: May 2022

The genus Arthrorhaphis is a group of ascomycetes comprising lichenised and non‐lichenised taxa from temperate to arctic‐alpine regions in both hemispheres. Nine species and two infraspecific taxa are currently recognised. Their delimitation, inter‐relationships, and phylogenetic placement remain poorly understood. We have used an integrative taxonomic approach to assess taxon limits, phylogenetic placement of the family, and to test the hypothesis that transition to lichenisation has happened only once. We present a first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis of all but one known Arthrorhaphis species based on Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data. Our results support monophyly of Arthrorhaphis, phylogenetic placement in the Ostropomycetidae, and lichenisation having evolved from lichenicolous ancestors only once. The lichenicolous Arthrorhaphis species are well‐defined both morphologically and genetically. The lichenised A. alpina s.l. and A. citrinella s.l., however, include multiple genetic clades that are partly supported by phenotypic data. We split A. citrinella s.l. into the following five species: (1) A. bullata sp. nov., (2) A. catolechioides comb. & stat. nov., (3) A. citrinella, (4) A. farinosa sp. nov., and (5) A. vulgaris comb. & stat. nov. A sixth phylogenetic clade from the Neotropics remains undescribed herein due to insufficient data. Five circumarctic accessions of A. alpina s.l. form a genetically distinct but morphologically poorly understood clade sister to the alpina‐vacillans clade, which we preliminarily name “A. septentrionalis”. Jointly, our multispecies coalescence analyses, of both single‐locus (bGMYC) and multilocus (bPtP, bP&P) datasets, largely support our proposed species hypotheses in Arthrorhaphis.
Rational Development of Bacterial Ureases Inhibitors
Authors: Loharch Saurabh , Berlicki Łukasz
Published: May 2022

Urease, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea, is a virulence factor of various pathogenic bacteria. In particular, Helicobacter pylori, that colonizes the digestive tract and Proteus spp., that can infect the urinary tract, are related to urease activity. Therefore, urease inhibitors are considered as potential therapeutics against these infections. This review describes current knowledge of the structures, activity, and biological importance of bacterial ureases. Moreover, the structure‐based design of several classes of bacterial urease inhibitors is presented and discussed. Phosphinic and phosphonic acids were applied as transition‐state analogues, while Michael acceptors and ebselen derivatives were applied as covalent binders of cysteine residue. This review incorporates bacterial urease inhibitors from literature published between 2008 and 2021.