bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Remarks on the Use of Garšūnī and Other Allographic Writing Systems by the Melkites
Authors: Pahlitzsch Johannes
Published: July 2019

The aim of this paper is to address the question to what extent and for what reasons the Melkites, especially of Southern Syria and Egypt, resorted to allographic writing systems, of which garšūnī, the writing of Arabic with Syriac letters, was only one mode. Indeed, various languages such as Greek, Arabic, Syriac and Christian Palestinian Aramaic (CPA) coexisted in the Melkite community, which is characterized by its linguistic diversity. Melkite garšūnī texts can be dated to between the 11th and the late 13th centuries. While the Melkites were not the first to use garšūnī, this mode of writing was in this period far more widespread among them than in the other oriental Christian communities and not limited to notes and colophons, also including liturgical texts and probably a poem on the Mamluk conquest of Tripoli. Other allographic writing systems were also used by the Melkites, such as writing Arabic in Greek characters, Greek in CPA script or Greek in Syriac script. Consequently a rich, very versatile corpus of allographic writing modes was employed by the Melkites between the 9th and 13th centuries for different kinds of texts. Thus the idea that the use of a specific allographic mode can be attributed to the desire to express a sense of group identity or to the reverence for a specific sacred language seems not generally applicable for the Melkites. At different times and places various Melkite groups had different preferences, because there was no single Melkite prestige language. Therefore it is necessary to establish for each case the respective reasons for the application of a certain allographic writing system.
Confusion and Consent: Land Tax (Kharāj) and the Construction of Judicial Authority in the Early Islamic Empire (ca. 12–183 A.H./634–800 C.E.)
Authors: al-Din Yousefi Najm
Published: July 2019

This essay examines the Islamic land tax (kharāj) during the first wave of the Arab conquests (ca. 12–24/633–50) and the following century and a half. Highlighting the confused state of land tax and landholding, it argues that Sunni jurists incorporated land tax into Islamic law despite the lack of Qurʾānic injunctions and prophetic tradition. In doing so, they drew upon Qurʾānic concepts such as fay’ and ghanīma while reinterpreting a vast body of conquest narratives and traditions that helped present land tax as a bona fide Islamic practice. A major outcome of this juristic discourse of public finance was the recognition of the ruler’s right to discretionary taxation. Just as the jurists emphasized justice and equitable application of tax laws, they also enabled the government to enjoy a wide latitude in its fiscal management without legal backlash. It further allowed the jurists to speak for God and His Prophet.
Attending to the Chemical Senses
Authors: Spence Charles
Published: July 2019

Theorizing around the topic of attention and its role in human information processing largely emerged out of research on the so-called spatial senses: vision, audition, and to a lesser extent, touch. Thus far, the chemical senses have received far less research interest (or should that be attention) from those experimental psychologists and cognitive neuroscientists interested in the topic. Nevertheless, this review highlights the key role that attentional selection also plays in chemosensory information processing and awareness. Indeed, many of the same theoretical approaches/experimental paradigms that were originally developed in the context of the spatial senses, can be (and in some cases already have been) extended to provide a useful framework for thinking about the perception of taste/flavour. Furthermore, a number of those creative individuals interested in modifying the perception of taste/flavour by manipulating product-extrinsic cues (such as, for example, music in the case of sonic seasoning) are increasingly looking to attentional accounts in order to help explain the empirical phenomena that they are starting to uncover. However, separate from its role in explaining sonic seasoning, gaining a better understanding of the role of attentional distraction in modulating our eating/drinking behaviours really ought to be a topic of growing societal concern. This is because distracted diners (e.g., those who eat while watching TV, fiddling with a mobile device or smartphone, or even while driving) consume significantly more than those who mindfully pay attention to the sensations associated with eating and drinking.
Revision of the goldenrod-galling Rhopalomyia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in North America
Authors: DORCHIN NETTA , MCEVOY MILES V. , DOWLING TODD A. , ABRAHAMSON WARREN G. , MOORE JOSEPH G.
Published: July 2019

Goldenrods (Solidago and Euthamia species) are common herbs in the eastern United States that support a large and diverse community of highly specific gall-inducing insects. The majority of these insects are gall midges, of which 16 described species are bud, leaf, stem, rhizome, or flower-head gallers belonging to the large genus Rhopalomyia Rübsaamen. The present work is a taxonomic revision of the goldenrod-associated Rhopalomyia species, which includes a key to the identification of species based on their galls and host plants and descriptions of diagnostic characters for all species. Rhopalomyia lanceolata Felt is designated as a new synonym for R. lobata Felt, and R. albipennis Felt and R. carolina Felt are designated as new synonyms for R. solidaginis Loew. Neotypes are designated for R. hirtipes Osten Sacken and R. solidaginis, and two new species are described—R. gina Dorchin n.sp. and R. guttata Dorchin n.sp. Descriptions include illustrations of galls, male and female morphological characters, and the first description of pupae, where available. New or additional detailed information is also provided on gall structure, phenology, and life history of the gall midges.
Updated taxonomic checklist of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) associated with Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: PÉREZ-BENAVIDES A. LUCÍA , HERNÁNDEZ-BAZ FERNANDO , GONZÁLEZ JORGE M. , RIVERÓN ALEJANDRO ZALDÍVAR
Published: July 2019

A taxonomic checklist of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) associated with Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is presented. A total of 139 species of Chalcidoidea or unidentified species to genus are reported as primary parasitoids. The valid name, primary host(s) (animal and plant taxa), distribution and references for each species are listed.
A revised and geo-referenced list of type localities for termites in South America
Authors: CONSTANTINO REGINALDO
Published: July 2019

A revised, geo-referenced, and cross-referenced list of 270 termite type localities in South America is presented. A total of 543 nominal species-group extant taxa are listed, 442 of them valid and 97 synonyms. The type-locality comprising the greatest number of nominal taxa in South America is Kartabo, Guyana (A.E. Emerson study site), with 59 taxa, followed by Cuiabá, Brazil (F. Sivestri), with 34, and Ribeirão Cascalheira, Brazil (Xavantina-Cachimbo Expedition, A.G.A. Mathews) with 26.
The Linear Sensitivity of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Eddy-Driven Jet to SSTs
Authors: Baker Hugh S. , Woollings Tim , Forest Chris E. , Allen Myles R.
Published: July 2019

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and eddy-driven jet contain a forced component arising from sea surface temperature (SST) variations. Due to large amounts of internal variability, it is not trivial to determine where and to what extent SSTs force the NAO and jet. A linear statistical–dynamic method is employed with a large climate ensemble to compute the sensitivities of the winter and summer NAO and jet speed and latitude to the SSTs. Key regions of sensitivity are identified in the Indian and Pacific basins, and the North Atlantic tripole. Using the sensitivity maps and a long observational SST dataset, skillful reconstructions of the NAO and jet time series are made. The ability to skillfully forecast both the winter and summer NAO using only SST anomalies is also demonstrated. The linear approach used here allows precise attribution of model forecast signals to SSTs in particular regions. Skill comes from the Atlantic and Pacific basins on short lead times, while the Indian Ocean SSTs may contribute to the longer-term NAO trend. However, despite the region of high sensitivity in the Indian Ocean, SSTs here do not provide significant skill on interannual time scales, which highlights the limitations of the imposed SST approach. Given the impact of the NAO and jet on Northern Hemisphere weather and climate, these results provide useful information that could be used for improved attribution and forecasting.
Simulating Future Runoff in a Complex Terrain Alpine Catchment with EURO-CORDEX Data
Authors: Smiatek Gerhard , Kunstmann Harald
Published: July 2019

With large elevation gradients and high hydrometeorological variability, Alpine catchments pose special challenges to hydrological climate change impact assessment. Data from seven regional climate models run within the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiments (CORDEX), each driven with a different boundary forcing, are used to exemplarily evaluate the reproduction of observed flow duration curves and access the future discharge of the Ammer River located in Alpine southern Germany applying the hydrological simulation model called the Water Flow and Balance Simulation Model (WaSiM). The results show that WaSiM reasonably reproduces the observed runoff for the entire catchment when driven with observed precipitation. When applied with CORDEX evaluation data (1989–2008) forced by ERA-Interim, the simulations underestimate the extreme runoff and reproduce the high percentile values with errors in the range from −37% to 55% with an ensemble mean of around 15%. Runs with historical data 1975–2005 reveal larger errors, up to 120%, with an ensemble mean of around 50% overestimation. Also, the results show a large spread between the simulations, primarily resulting from deficiencies in the precipitation data. Results indicate future changes for 2071–2100 in the 99.5th percentile runoff value of up to 9% compared to 1975–2005. An increase in high flows is also supported by flow return periods obtained from a larger sample of highest flows over 50 years, which reveals for 2051–2100 lower return periods for high runoff values compared to 1956–2005. Obtained results are associated with substantial uncertainties leading to the conclusion that CORDEX data at 0.11° resolution are likely inadequate for driving hydrologic analyses in mesoscale catchments that require a high standard of fidelity for hydrologic simulation performance.
The Ocean Mesoscale Regime of the Reduced-Gravity Quasigeostrophic Model
Authors: Samelson R. M. , Chelton D. B. , Schlax M. G.
Published: July 2019

A statistical-equilibrium, geostrophic-turbulence regime of the stochastically forced, one-layer, reduced-gravity, quasigeostrophic model is identified in which the numerical solutions are representative of global mean, midlatitude, open-ocean mesoscale variability. Solutions are forced near the internal deformation wavenumber and damped linearly and by high-wavenumber enstrophy dissipation. The results partially rationalize a recent semiempirical stochastic field model of mesoscale variability motivated by a global eddy identification and tracking analysis of two decades of satellite altimeter sea surface height (SSH) observations. Comparisons of model results with observed SSH variance, autocorrelation, eddy, and spectral statistics place constraints on the model parameters. A nominal best fit is obtained for a dimensional SSH stochastic-forcing variance production rate of 1/4 cm2 day−1, an SSH damping rate of 1/62 week−1, and a stochastic forcing autocorrelation time scale near or greater than 1 week. This ocean mesoscale regime is nonlinear and appears to fall near the stochastic limit, at which wave-mean interaction is just strong enough to begin to reduce the local mesoscale variance production, but is still weak relative to the overall nonlinearity. Comparison of linearly inverted wavenumber–frequency spectra shows that a strong effect of nonlinearity, the removal of energy from the resonant linear wave field, is resolved by the gridded altimeter SSH data. These inversions further suggest a possible signature in the merged altimeter SSH dataset of signal propagation characteristics from the objective analysis procedure.
Attitude stabilization of flexible spacecraft under limited communication with reinforced robustness
Authors: Amrr Syed Muhammad , Nabi M
Published: July 2019

This paper proposes a robust event-driven control for attitude regulation in flexible spacecraft affected by inertial parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. The bandwidth constraint of the communication channel between controller and system requires an event-based control design. Under the action of proposed control law, the system trajectories are ensured to be uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) in a small vicinity of their equilibrium points. Apart from the boundedness of states, the proposed event-triggered controller also satisfies bandwidth restrictions by achieving a substantially low control usage. The results obtained from numerical simulations are indeed encouraging. It demonstrates the proposed controller as a potential alternative to the periodically sampled data controllers. Moreover, the proposed control strategy successfully eludes the unwanted unwinding phenomenon encountered in quaternion based attitude control of the spacecraft.
Clinical urological laparoscopy: Renal cyst resection, spermatic vein ligation and pelvic lymphadenectomy
Authors: Austoni E. , Zanetti G. , Trinchieri A. , Maggioni A. , Montanari E. , Colombo F. , Rovera F. , Taverna G.L. , Russo R. , Dellino E. , Pisani E.
Published: July 2019

The recent expansion and acceptance of laparoscopic surgery have led us to perform urological laparoscopic procedures. We describe our experience with large renal cyst resection, spermatic vein ligation for varicocele and staging pelvic lymph node dissection for localized prostate cancer. We performed renal cyst resection in 4 patients, spermatic vein ligation for varicocele in 6 patients and pelvic lymphadenectomy in 6 patients. The procedures are effective and decrease postoperative morbility.
Intracavernous injection of papaverine in cystectomized patients and myelolysis: Three year experience
Authors: Ponchietti R. , Raugei A. , Vici I. , Pirotni M. , Di Loro F.
Published: July 2019

The ability of papaverine to induce erection was first reported by Virag in 1982 (1); in these years it has been successfully used not only for treatment but also for the diagnosis of erectile dysfunctions (2). Despite its effectiveness, local and systemic side effects of papaverine may often cause interruption of the treatment (3,4). A three-year experience with intracavernous injection of papaverine in a selected group of impotent men (42 submitted to cystectomy for bladder cancer and 47 with spinal cord injuries) is reported.
Pelvic floor rehabilitation for the treatment of female urinary incontinence. Our experience
Authors: Schiavon L. , Bondavalli C. , Pegoraro C. , Dall'Oglio B. , Luciano M. , Parma A.
Published: July 2019

The authors report their experience in the treatment of female urinary incontinence with pelvic floor rehabilitation. Electrostimulation and biofeedback technique is applied. Results are satisfactory both in stress incontinence and urge incontinence. In the latter case urine lass in non-elderly patients, must be reduced and out-patients’ rehabilitation must absolutely be carried out. Anticholinergic drugs have often been administered in urge incontinence.
Correlation between benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostatic antigen (PSA)
Authors: Zambolin T. , Cozzoli A. , Cancarini G. , Da Pozzo G.P. , Simeone C. , Scanzi M. , Tralce L. , Pagani F. , Cosciani-Cunico S.
Published: July 2019

PSA is a glycoprotein, which is present in both normal and pathological prostatic tissue, so it can be detected in the serum of patients with a normal prostate, BPH or prostatic cancer (PC). BPH and PC have the highest clinical incidence in the same agevange. The exact role of hypertrophic tissue in the variations of PSA serum levels must be determined when utilizing it as a tumoral marker of prostatic cancer. In order to determine it we matched serum PSA levels and prostate weight in 61 patients with BPH, proved by histological examination. Only in one case the value was higher than 20 ng/ml. So, in our opinion this value is the cut off. If the adenoma weight is 25–30 g or more, rectal examination and echography are normal, a biopsy is mandatory.
Autotransfusion in urology: Control study on 59 cases
Authors: Spatafora S. , Lasagni D. , Baricchi R. , Rossi-Cesolari R. , Lusenti C. , Russi G.P. , Rivasi P. , Leoni S.
Published: July 2019

We studied the hematologic and clinical patterns of 59 patients undergoing urologic surgery who entered in a predeposit autologous blood transfusion program and of 59 controls to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the autotransfusional procedure in Urology. 174 units of autologous blood were donated (average 2.94 per pt.) with a high frequency of donation (2.6 days). No side effect or alteration of performance status was reported. We had a dramatic reduction of the need for homologous blood (2.21 units per pt.) without a significant difference of the average hemoglobin concentration between the two groups at discharge from hospital. Autotransfusion has significant advantages compared with conventional transfusion, reducing the complications correlated with homologous blood infusion as also our study demonstrated. Infact 1 post-transfusional hepatitis and 3 complications due to an alteration of coagulation were reported in the control group. The procedure resulted safe and feasible in most urologic operations that require almost two units of blood transfusion.
Computerized automatic responses of uroflowmetry tests
Authors: Schiavone D. , Bianchi G. , Beltrami P. , Rovasio A. , Comunale L. , Mobilio G.
Published: July 2019

We developed a procedure to construct automatic responses of uroflowmetry tests based on data of patient's sex and age, voided volume, micturition time, high flow rate and shape of curve. The response is constructed by comparison of recorded data of actual test with expected values. The procedure works correctly in most cases, rarely a non-automatic response is required.
Observation and treatment of renal trauma: 3 years experience
Authors: Cappellano F. , Catanzaro F. , Morte E. Della , Baruffi M. , Torelli F. , Pozzoli G.
Published: July 2019

The investigation and management of renal trauma have evolved during the last 15 years. The majority of patients with renal trauma can be treated conservatively with minimal radiological investigations, since the outcome is excellent in most cases. A CT scan is the radiological investigation of choice in most cases of renal trauma when the patient is hemodynamically stable and there is suspicion that he has suffered a major renal injury. Long term follow-up of renal trauma patients treated conservatively is needed to examine possible complications. We report our experience on 87 patients presenting a complication in a penetrating injury.
Combined approach (chemotherapy plus surgery) in advanced testis tumours
Authors: Tombolini P. , Ruoppolo M. , Bellorofonte C. , Beleggia F. , Zaatar C. , Innocenti L. , Ferri P.M. , Yamak R.
Published: July 2019

Eight consecutive patients with stage III or bulky stage II germ cell tumors were treated with 4 cycles of cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin combination chemotherapy (PEB). 3 patients were in complete remission (CR) after surgery of residual masses. 5 patients received 2–4 additional courses of P.V.I. (cisplatin, vinblastine and iphosphamide) chemotherapy and had complete remission (3 cases after surgery of residual masses). No residual tumor was found in 2 cases at surgery (25%). In the present series 3 patients had extrapulmonary disease, 2 retroperitoneal lymphnodes larger than 10 cm. and pulmonary disease. 1 patient had previous incomplete RPND. After a median follow-up period of 30 months (15–37) all the patients are disease-free with normal levels of AFP and beta HCG. In conclusion we repeat that intensive combination chemotherapy is the key for successful surgery of residual malignancy in patients with disseminated testicular cancer. Second-line of chemotherapy is more favourable than early surgery, in our opinion, for treatment of far-advanced disease.
Orthotopic continent urinary reservoir (Indiana Pouch) in children after cystectomy for bladder exstrophy
Authors: Caione P. , De Gennaro M. , Capozza N. , Nappo S.
Published: July 2019

In cases of failed exstrophic closure, total cystectomy is sometimes performed combined with external urinary diversion or ureterosigmoidostomy. Prolonged life expectation and the request for a high quality of life, characteristic of pediatric and juvenile age, make it mandatory to look for different surgical solutions.

Among 44 patients (26 males and 18 females) born with “exstrophy-epispadias complex”, the creation of a new orthotopic urinary reservoir, according to the “Indiana Pouch” technique, was chosen in 2 children, 4 and 9 years of age respectively, who had previously undergone a total cystectomy elsewhere. The reservoir is made of a ceco-colic segment 35 cm long detubularized on one tenia and remodelled. Ureters are reimplanted with an antireflux technique on the second tenia. Continence is assured by the ileo-cecal valve opportunely reinforced.

Both patients are now perfectly continent day and night and voiding is assured by transurethral intermittent catheterization.
A proposed new tecnique for tailoring the megaureter with ureterocele using G.I.A. and endo-G.I.A
Authors: Muto G. , Comi L. , Moroni M. , Bozzo R.
Published: July 2019

The very low rate of complications obtained with mechanical sutures in urinary diversions after cystectomy incited the Authors to use the mechanical stapling devices on the upper urinary tract. One case of surgical correction of meaureter with ureterocele has performed using GIA and ENDO-GIA stapling devices. Surgical time is shorter because with GIA stapling devices the ureter is cutted and sutured at the same time. The mechanical suture is tigh but at the same time preserves intact the blood supply to the ureteral wall. The ENDO-GIA devices are very maneageable, far from the body and allow to operate through a small incision of the wound. The follow-up I.V.P. performed 6 months later, shows the absence of urinary stones and a thin, peristaltic ureter with absence of hydronephrosis.
Renal oncocytoma: Personal experience
Authors: Invernizzi S. , Pozza D. , Longo G. , Cappoli S. , Locatelli G. , Piatti B. , Zuccoli E. , Rossi G. , Tricomi P. , Milani M.
Published: July 2019

The Authors report their experience on kidney oncocytomas. They found 6 cases of kidney oncocytoma in 140 cases of kidney tumors. In all cases histological slides of neoplastic masses were made with traditional stains, PAS and PAS diastase and with immunohistochemical reaction for keratins (BDK) and vimentin (DAKO clone V9). They describe one of the six cases in which the diagnosis of oncocitary G3 type carcinoma was made, and another of oncocytomatosis with borderline aspects versus oncocytomal renal cell carcinoma.
Comparison of final values in the prophylaxis of superficial transitional cell papillary carcinoma of the bladder, T1G2, treated with mitomycin C, doxorubicin and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Pasteur intravesical instillations, after therapeutic transurethral resection
Authors: Baruffi M. , Cappellano F. , Torelli F. , Morte E. Della , Catanzaro F.
Published: July 2019

In our Department of Urology, from June ‘88 to February ‘92, 135 patients, with superficial transitional cell papillary carcinoma of the bladder, T1G2, were treated with intravesical antiblastic instillations, after therapeutic transurethral resection. 45 patients (33%) were treated with Mitomycin C; 40 patients (30%) were treated with Doxorubicin; 50 patients (37%) were treated with B.C.G. Pasteur. In the Mitomycin Ck group (follow-up 6.’88 ÷ 2.’92), only 20 patients out of 45 (i.e. 44%) were free of tumor at 30.5 months. Of the 16 patients with unifocal carcinoma, 12 patients (i.e. 75%) had no recurrences at 31.2 months, while of the 29 patients with multifocal carcinoma only 8 patients (i.e. 25%) were free of tumor at 29.1 months. In the Doxorubicin group, (follow-up 10.’89 ÷ 2.’92) 33 patients out of 40 (i.e. 82%) were free of tumor at 16.5 months. Of the 15 patients with unifocal carcinoma, 13 (i.e. 86%) had no recurrences at 17 months, while of the 25 patients with multifocal carcinoma 20 (i.e. 80%) were free of tumor at 18.4 months. As to the B.C.G. group (follow-up 11.’89 ÷ 2.’92), 35 patients out of 50 (i.e. 70%) were free of tumor at 13 months. Of the 6 patients with unifocal carcinoma 5 (i.e. 83%) had no recurrences at 7 months, while of the 44 patients with multifocal carcinoma 30 (i.e. 68%) were free of tumor at 13 months. In conclusion, the above reported data show that the best results were obtained in patients treated with Doxorubicin instillations, without significant difference between the results of unifocal and of multifocal carcinoma. Intermediate results were obtained in patients treated with B.C.G., with a moderate but significant difference between unifocal and multifocal carcinoma. The patients treated with Mitomycin C yielded the worst results, and the difference between unifocal and multifocal carcinoma was substantial
The role of surgery in treating-metastasized urothelial tumors
Authors: Milani A. , Mangiarotti B. , Nicolai N. , Testori A.
Published: July 2019

From March 1983 to December 1989 we observed 36 patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. We treated 22 patients with M-VAC regimen and 14 patients with MP regimen. Overall response rate (CR + PR) was 71.4% in M-VAC group and 50% in MP group. The patients that had PR were 15 and 8 of them underwent surgery of residual disease. One patient had pathological CR and 6 were free of disease after surgical treatment. Out of 7 patients without cancer after surgery, 3 are alive and free of disease after 84, 42 and 26 months. We didn't have surgical complications. Surgery of residual disease after chemotherapy, when possible, is reliable.
A case of urachal carcinoma
Authors: Risi O. , Blefari F. , Pino P. , Guardoni L. , Vezzini V. , Voltini L
Published: July 2019

Urachal carcinoma is an uncommon tumor, with a poor prognosis. The most common histological type is adenocarcinoma, which may produce mucus. The symptoms aren't specific, such as hematuria or abdominal mass. Diagnosis can be made endoscopically with a biopsy or by echography and above all by computerized tomography. The treatment of choice is cystectomy with lymphadenectomy or segmental resection of the bladder to. The Authors refer to a patient with urachal carcinoma, stage IIIA involving the bladder.
Cystic neuroendocrine retroperitoneal carcinoma
Authors: Gramegna G. , Romano O. , Madaro A. , Capizzi S. , Scapinello A. , D'Este R. , Liessi G. , Leo S. , Scutari A.
Published: July 2019

Retroperitoneal tumors are rare. Most of these tumors arise from mesothelial or connective tissues in the retroperitoneum. We report the first case, for us, of a cystic neuroendocrine retroperitoneal carcinoma in a 71-year-old woman. The discussion is focused on the radiographic findings, immunohistochemical studies and the controversial diagnosis.
Paraganglioma of the bladder: Description of two cases
Authors: Zenico T. , Zoli M. , Fiori M. , Gunelli G. , Maltoni G.
Published: July 2019

Two cases of paraganglioma of the bladder, a rare neoplasm of chromaffin tissue, are reported. The first patient was a woman presenting a large neoplasm of the bladder (1.9×7.2 cm). The second patient presented a neoplasm of the bladder wall. Surgical therapy was the treatment of choice. Prolonged follow-up is necessary.
Primary hyperparathyroidism and calcium stone disease: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Trinchieri A. , Rovera F. , Nespoli R. , Zanetti G. , Guarneri A. , Austoni E. , Pisani E.
Published: July 2019

During a 15-year period (1977–1992) 2,000 consecutive patients with renal stones were studied. Fasting serum and 24-hour urinary samples were analyzed for calcium and phosphate. In 32 cases (1.6%) primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed on the finding of hypercalcemia associated with hypophosphatemia, hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia. At surgery 14 adenomas and 2 multiglandular hyperplasias were found. For the preoperative localization of diseased glands double-tracer scintigraphy and ultrasonography were used. Double-tracer scintigraphy and ultrasound showed a sensitivity rate of 62% and 75%. When performed in association ultrasound and scintigraphy allowed a sensitivity rate of 87%.
Prostatic urolume in high-operative-risk patients: Personal experience
Authors: Guazzoni G. , Bergamaschi F. , Montorsi F. , Consonni P. , Bellinzoni P. , Rigatti P.
Published: July 2019

The increase in high-operative-risk patients with obstructive prostatic hypertrophy has prompted research over the last ten years into alternative therapeutic methods, one of which is the prostatic Urolume. This study reports the positioning of the prostatic Urolume in 37 such patients who were divided into two groups: 18 without catheters (group 1) and 19 with indwelling catheters (group 2). At follow up, both groups were found to have no obstruction according to flow nomograph values. At follow up after six months the average maximum flow value in the first group was 16.7 ml/s while in the second group it was 12.8 ml/s. In this study the prostatic Urolume proved to be a safe and effective system for high-operative-risk patients with prostatic hypertrophy.
CO2 laser resection for preneoplastic and initially invasive neoplastic lesions of the penis: Indications and technique
Authors: Bandieramonte G. , Pizzocaro G. , Lepera P. , Moglia D. , Piva L. , Damiani S. , De Paolo G.
Published: July 2019

Superficial resection of preneoplastic and initially invasive penile lesions by CO2 laser has been developed as an alternative treatment modality to traditional surgical and destructive methods. Hyperkeratosis, pigmented lesions, chronic inflammatory disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat, Bowenoid papulosis are the main diagnostic and therapeutic indications. Therapeutic resection is indicated for histologically proven penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) grade II and III, and initially invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Conservative laser resection is also indicated for exophytic, superficially infiltrating T1NO squamous cell carcinoma, responsive to systemic chemotherapy. Laser excisional procedures are always performed in association with the operating microscope, under local anaesthesia, often on an outpatient basis. Based on the disease extent, partial or total glans surface resection can be performed or associated with circumcision. Surgical specimens are always adequate for histological examination as to the extent of the disease in depth and width. Uncleared margins of resection indicate the need for further treatment. Technical, anatomical, and functional results confirm the clinical effectiveness of this microsurgical approach for selected lesions.
Ileocystoplasty in the female patient after subtotal cystectomy. Preliminary study
Authors: Reggiani A. , Carluccio G. , Daniele C. , Simone M. , Romano A. , Spisani L.
Published: July 2019

The Authors in this work propose a new point of view in the treatment of bladder cancer in the female patient. Usually, in these cases, it is impossible to make a new bladder (ileal or colic), because it is necessary to completely remove the viscus; in this way from continence is lost. In cases of low grade and stage tumor — far from the bladder neck —, it is possible, after subtotal cystectomy, to remove the mucosa of the cervico-urethral tract, and anastomise the ileal pouch (performed with a simplified technique by staplers) up to the neck. The Authors report good functional and oncological results in the follow-up of these patients.
Un nomogramma per la rapida elaborazione della PSAD
Authors: Rotondo S. , La Rosa P. , Molino F. , Maccarrone G.
Published: July 2019

The selective PSA marker of prostatic tissue plays an important role in diagnosing prostatic carcinoma. It should be evaluated together with the digito-rectal exploration (EDR) and trans-rectal ultrasound. PSA density (PSAD) is a further parameter for indicating whether it is advisable or not to subject the patient to needle biopsy. We developed a nomograph for this purpose which allows rapid visual interpretation during trans-rectal ultrasound.
Il ruolo della prostatectomia radicale nel carcinoma prostatico allo stadio C. Nostra esperienza
Authors: Vacirca F. , Bartolotta S. , Bartolotta G.
Published: July 2019

The Authors report their experience on radical prostatectomy in patients in stage C, providing some indications.
Il BCG nei tumori superficiali della vescica
Authors: Vacirca F. , Bartolotta S.
Published: July 2019

The Authors’ aim is to report on their experience in treating superficial bladder cancer with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, comparing the results with other kinds of therapy.
L'ipertermia transrettale nella prostatite cronica. Esperienza personale
Authors: Morgia G. , Saita A. , Condorelli S. , Condorelli S.V. , Spampinato A. , Motta M.
Published: July 2019

The Authors describe their experience with transrectal prostatic hyperthermia in 88 patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis and pass on to consider the clinical difficulties in effectively tackling these pathologies.
Protocollo diagnostlco e terapeutico nell'incontinenza urinaria da sforzo femminile
Authors: Pennisi M. , Leanza F. Grasso , Panella P. , Pepe P. , Scollo P.
Published: July 2019

Urinary incontinence has a particularly high incidence. The authors present their cases in relation to the surgery or rehabilitation therapies chosen.
Fkt versus Fkt+Sef Nel Trattamento Dell'Incontinenza Urinaria Da Stress
Authors: Pennisi M. , Leanza F. Grasso , Panella P. , Pepe P.
Published: July 2019

The authors report their experience with a simplified rehabilitation treatment for urinary stress incontinence, compared to a protocol which involves the use of both Physiokinesitherapy (FKT) and functional electric stimulation (FES).
Rottura spontanea della via escretrice in un rene apparentemente normale. Presentazione di un caso e revisione della Letteratura
Authors: Piazza S. , Serretta V. , Messina G. , Vaccarella G. , Lino E. , Piazza B.
Published: July 2019

A case of spontaneous rupture of the urinary tract is described. This clinical picture is uncommon and the subsequent conservative therapeutic management is therefore emphasised.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia with PSA > 10.0 ng/ml: Correlations between PSA density and pathological findings of the surgical specimen after open prostatectomy
Authors: Scattoni V. , Ambrosiani L. , Rovellini P. , Toia G. , Bellone S. , Ceretti E. , Tavani E. , Bottanelli A. , Marcelli G.
Published: July 2019

— Thirty patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and PSA levels > 10.0 ng/ml were submitted to open prostatectomy after a precise evaluation with transrectal ultrasound and prostatic biopsies. In the surgical specimen 7 prostatic carcinoma (23%) were found incidentally. In the remaining 23 patients the presence of active histological prostatitis was correlated with the PSA and PSA density values but was not directly due to an asymptomatic urinary infection or indwelling catheter. PIN and other pathological findings were not found to be correlated with PSA values.
Quality of micturition after prostatectomy for pT3 carcinoma
Authors: Bondavalli C. , Pegoraro C. , Schiavon L. , Dall'Oglio B. , Luciano M. , Parma A.
Published: July 2019

— The purpose of radical prostatectomy for neoplasia is to cure the patient and maintain a good micturition. The first aim is achieved only in patients with localized prostatic cancer. With cancer not confined to an organ, we cannot be sure of radicality. These patients run the risk of local recurrence and worsening of micturition. The quality of micturition is determined by both surgical procedure (sphintecal weakness, stenosis of the urethro-vesical anastomosis) and local staging of the neoplasia (whether local recurrence is present or not). We studied 56 pT3 patients with uroflowmetry and symptom score. The flowmetry was always good even when local relapse occurred, but worsened when stenosis started. Urgency was the most frequent symptom in patients with local relapse.
Results of rehabilitation therapy in the treatment of urinary stress incontinence
Authors: Bernasconi F. , Cappellano F. , Torelli F. , Sironi D. , Catanzaro F. , Pisani G. , Arienti S.
Published: July 2019

— One hundred consecutive patients were studied because of stress incontinence between 1990 and 1993. All the patients agreed to follow an out-patients combined therapeutic rehabilitation protocol: physiotherapy, biofeedback and FES. The short and medium-term results were correlated with all the studied parameters (personal, obstetric, anamnestic, clinical, instrumental). In this unselected population of patients affected by stress incontinence, the full recovery and/or improvement rates of the short-term rehabilitation therapy amounted to 26 and 73%. Such rates are significantly changed by some parameters: severity and the physiopathologic mechanism of the stress incontinence, high parity rate and/or patients’ age. A more careful selection of patients may help us achieve much better results. However, pelvic floor rehabilitation is an efficacious and conservative therapeutic procedure in the treatment of female urinary stress incontinence.
Up-to-date indications for laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection
Authors: Boccafoschi C. , Annoscia S. , Leva G. , Lozzi C. , Montefiore F.
Published: July 2019

— After five years experience of laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection in the case of clinically localized prostatic carcinoma the indications for such a procedure are nowadays well defined. It is mainly indicated when planning: 1. external or interstitial radiotherapy; 2. perineal radical prostatectomy; 3. retropubic radical prostatectomy in patients at high (more than 40%) risk for nodal metastases. In the past, up to 30% patients pre-operatively supposed NO, proved to be pathologically N +; nowadays the great development in diagnostic methods (expecially PSA) allows for a dramatic reduction of that figure and consequently the impact of pelvic node laparoscopic staging will become less important. In future laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection might be reserved for selected patients for perineal prostatectomy (if it regains popularity).
Giant hernia of the bladder. a case report
Authors: Baresi A. , De Cenzo S. , Bonacina R. , Perego S.
Published: July 2019

— The Authors present a rare case of giant hernia of the bladder after a brief report of its clinical peculiarities, diagnosis and surgical treatment.
Prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma. Introduction
Authors: Mobilio G.
Published: July 2019

– In the last fifteen to twenty years there has been tremendous progress in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma. This progress is due to a significant increase in the incidental case rate and to the development of new surgical and pharmacological therapy for the treatment of advanced tumours. The need for further prognostic parameters in order to achieve correct therapeutic indications is therefore great. In this meeting, clinical, histopathological, morphometric and biological parameters are discussed with regard to incidental and advanced tumours.
Prognostic factors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Cunico S. Cosciani , Cozzoli A. , Pezzotti G. , Zani D. , Cancarini G. , Sironi D. , Da Pozzo G.P.
Published: July 2019

– One-third of patients with renal cell carcinoma present with metastatic desease, while 30-40% of the remainder will eventually develop distant metastases within 5 years after radical nephrectomy. The median survival for patients with metastastic RCC is less than 1 year. We report our experience on the treatment of metastatic RCC from 1983 to 1993.
Fournier's gangrene: Report on two cases
Authors: Laganà F. , Cossaro E. , Ronconi C. , Sercia F. , Marchini M.
Published: July 2019

– Fournier's gangrene is a rare pathology that generally occurs in weakened patients with chronic diseases, like diabetes, which imply tissue ischemia and even today a high mortality rate. Two cases are presented, one of which is interesting for its pathogenesis. The authors confirm that first choice treatment should be surgical associated with antiobiotics and hyperbaric oxygenation whenever possible.
Clinical examination, PSA and transrectal ultrasound in the detection of prostate cancer. Our experience
Authors: Ascoli R. , Camilleri G. , Caldarera E. , Lamartina M.
Published: July 2019

– In this retrospective study, the Authors report their experience on the analysis of sensitivity and specificity of DRE, PSA and transrectal ultrasound, individually and in association, in the study of 118 patients with suspected prostate cancer. Results show that the association of these three techniques give a specificity of 96.6% but low sensitivity (53%).
New urethroplasty for treating anterior urethral stenosis
Authors: Palminteri E. , Lombardi G. , Travaglini F. , Barbagli G.
Published: July 2019

– Urethroplasties with free or pedicle preputial flaps are widely used in strictures of the spongy urethra. These techniques involve application of the preputial flap on the ventral surface of the urethra, with collapse of the spongy body and the frequent development of pseudodiverticula or urethroceles which are responsible for post-micturitional dribbling. The authors suggest a new urethroplasty for treating anterior urethral strictures, in which the free flap is applied dorsally and not ventrally, mechanically supported by the overlying spongy body and the underlying corpora cavernosa, and thus avoiding collapse of the flap. Thirty male patients with stenosis of the penile or bulbar urethra were treated with 2 different techniques using a free dorsal flap. Long-term results, with a mean follow-up of 34.5 months, were satisfying.
Neurofibroma of the penis: Case report
Authors: De Marco M. , Angileri N. , Ferrera M. , Di Natale G. , Galfano G.
Published: July 2019

– The reported case concerns an unusual localisation of “Royal Tumour” connected with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. Surgery was necessary because of the increasing difficulty of the patient in having sexual relations due to the progressive swelling of the penile neoformation. The typical clinical picture, the integrity of the corpora cavernosa and the negative impact of the neoformation on the patient's sexual life all indicated the necessity for operation. Results were satisfactory both surgically and functionally/aesthetically and the patient regained normal sexual activity.
Cystic pathology of the prostate and seminal vesicles: Our experience
Authors: Minaldi G. , Morana C. , Corvaja A. , Leonardi S. , Di Marco G. , Savoca F. , Ranno S.
Published: July 2019

– The authors report on their experience with 46 cases of prostatic cysts diagnosed from 1479 transrectal prostatic ultrasound exams. Twelve patients with urinary and/or seminal obstruction symptoms were treated with echo-guided needle aspiration by trans-perineal approach. Symptoms improved in all cases although there were 33.3% recurrences. The authors therefore consider echo-guided aspiration as first choice treatment for symptomatic cysts, while the more invasive methods should be used in refractory cases.
Reno-ureteral stones treated by ESWL: First two years of experience
Authors: Sergi R. , Capocasale F. , Caccamo C. , Scopelliti A.
Published: July 2019

– Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is one of the greatest steps forward that modern medicine has taken and has revolutionised treatment of reno-ureteral stones. The authors describe their first two years of experience in using a lithotriptor which, together with other surgical and endoscopic procedures, has enabled them to deal with all problems related to renal stone therapy. Three hundred and twenty sessions were carried out, 65% for renal stones and 35% ureteral. Stones in the kidney and upper ureter were crushed in 93.7% of cases and in the pelvic ureter in 59%. A second ESWL session was needed for 6 patients. No significant complications were encountered.
Use of heterologous collagen: Our experience
Authors: Di Grazia E. , Morgia G. , Fondacaro L. , Saita A. , Costantino C. , Giammusso B. , Spampinato A. , Motta M.
Published: July 2019

– The use of bovine collagen cross-linked with glutaraldehyde microspheres is considered a good procedure in the treatment of incontinence caused by ISD. Its widespread use is due to the absence of toxicity, easiness of injection and lack of invasiveness. On the other hand its high cost and lack of long-term efficacy has to be considered. The authors report their preliminary experience in using collagen GAX to treat 5 women with ISD, 2 with recurrent SUI and 2 with vesico-vaginal fistulas. Although an unusual treatment for the latter, it could be considered as an alternative mini-invasive tool in these pathologies. The results were as follows: in the patients with ISD, 3 were cured (42.8%) and 2 improved (28.5%), while the 2 SUI patients remained the same (28.5%). Treatment of the vesico-vaginal fistulas was unsuccessful.
Penile metastasis secondary to prostate carcinoma: Case report
Authors: Rauqei A. , Rose A. Delle , Vici I. , Posti A. , Trinci E. , Nicita G. , Grechi G.
Published: July 2019

– The case is reported of a 71-year-old man with penile metastasis from prostate cancer and history of severe penile pain. The patient presented with priapism with repetitive nodular swellings of the whole penile shaft. Drug therapy had failed to relieve the pain and it was decided to denervate the dorsal nerve of the penis. Results were excellent with regard to pain relief, while the cycle of systemic chemotherapy after the operation gave very poor results.
Su di un caso di carcinoma a cellule chiare in nefroma cistico multiloculare
Authors: Monica B. , Barbieri A. , Incarbone G.P. , Cudazzo E. , Puviani P.P. , Franzini M.
Published: July 2019

A case of adenocarcinoma of the kidney in a multilocular cystic disease is reported. The many diagnostic pitfalls of this rare association are underlined and the diagnostic role of selective renal artery angiography, which removed all doubt about the lesion.
Urodynamics in urinary incontinence
Authors: Ingargiola G.B. , Lamartina M. , Di Girolamo A.
Published: July 2019

This study outlines the main urethral-bladder disorders responsible, on a neurological basis, for incontinence. It also defines the forms of detrusorial and urethral origin, due to hyper- or hypoactivity of the detrusor and urethra respectively. Brief reference is made to clinical aspects.