bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of nutrition education intervention for caregivers on the nutrition status of the elderly receiving home care: A 1‐year follow‐up interventional trial
Authors: Meriç Çağdaş Salih , Yabanci Ayhan Nurcan
Published: January 2025

Background

The high prevalence of malnutrition among those of older age and the lack of nutrition knowledge among the elderly and their caregivers underscore the need for a nutrition education intervention (NEI) for caregivers.

Materials and Methods

Patients enrolled in the “home care program” who were dependent, were >65 years of age, and had caregivers (n = 94) were included in the study. A nutritionist conducted initial NEI sessions for caregivers and subsequently monitored them monthly at home for 12 months. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Elderly Module (WHOQOL‐OLD) were used to evaluate the nutrition status and quality of life scores of those of older age, respectively. Additional assessments included dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical measurements. Other measures included current medical history and Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living. All measurements were recorded over 12 months.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 84.4 ± 6.9 years, with 61.7% being women. Significant differences were observed postintervention for MNA (Δ = +1.4; P < 0.001) and WHOQOL‐OLD (Δ = +3.0; P < 0.001). The NEI was associated with improved nutrition status and quality of life. Post‐intervention, significant improvements were noted in body weight (Δ = +0.4 kg; P < 0.001), waist circumference (Δ = +0.3 cm; P < 0.05), BMI (Δ = +0.2 kg/m2; P < 0.05), energy intake (Δ = +77 kcal/day; P < 0.001), protein intake (Δ = +5.4 g/day; P < 0.001), carbohydrate intake (Δ = +16.2 g/day; P < 0.001), and intakes of vitamin B2 (Δ = +0.3 mg/day; P < 0.001), vitamin C (Δ = +24.0 mg/day; P < 0.05), calcium (Δ = +133 mg/day; P < 0.001), and phosphorus (Δ = +116 mg/day; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

NEI for caregivers may reduce the malnutrition prevalence among those of older age and improve their dietary habits, quality of life, anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and nutritional intake.
Sensitive and portable intelligent detection of imidacloprid in agricultural products using smartphone‐integrated test strips
Authors: Zhang Binbin , Zhang Wentao , Li Shi , Zhang Ning , Liu Zhenjiang , Xu Jun , Wu Xiaohu , Dong Fengshou , Zheng Yongquan , Pan Xinglu
Published: January 2025

The detection rate of imidacloprid (IMI) in agro‐products are increasing annually, posing negative effects on food safety and human health. A sensitive and portable dual‐mode lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) method, combined with the smartphone, has been established to monitor the IMI residues in agro‐products. Optimal detection conditions were achieved with 0.4 mg/mL of IMI coating antigen and 4 μg/mL of IMI monoclonal antibody. The limit of detection (LOD) for qualitative analysis with naked‐eye observation was determined to be 25 ng/mL. For quantitative analysis, 20% inhibition concentration (IC20) was found to be 2.55 ng/mL, with a linear range (IC20–IC80) of 2.55–26.94 ng/mL. The recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD) were in the ranges of 90.4%–103.2% and 2.0%–11.7%, respectively. There was a strong agreement between the results obtained from the established method and those from UHPLC‐MS/MS, with the slope and coefficient of determination (R2) reaching to 1.091 and 0.9837, respectively. Overall, the proposed dual‐mode LFIA method provides an efficient approach for on‐site detection of IMI in agro‐products.
A Honeycomb‐Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Polyester Cloth for Smart Running Application
Authors: Li Jianping , Sun Zuhao , Wen Nan , Li Yan
Published: January 2025

Self‐powered devices for human motion monitoring and energy harvesting have garnered widespread attention in recent research. In this work, we designed a honeycomb‐structured triboelectric nanogenerator (H‐TENG) using polyester cloth and Teflon tape, with aluminum foil as the conductive electrode. This design leverages the large surface area and flexibility of textiles, resulting in significant performance improvements. The H‐TENG achieves an output voltage of 350 V, an output current of 42 μA, and a transfer charge (QSC) of 77 nC, with a maximum output power of 465 μW. Additionally, the H‐TENG demonstrates the ability to monitor running activities and various gait patterns, providing real‐time bio‐mechanical data for smart running applications. The introduction of a stacked structure further enhances the output performance by increasing contact area and scalability, making the H‐TENG a robust and high‐performance energy harvester suitable for advanced wearable and flexible electronics.
Enlargement of the Surface Area of High‐Entropy Alloys with Acid Treatment as Positive Electrode for High Specific Capacitance Supercapacitors
Authors: Gülen Mahir , Taş Recep , Dünya Hamza , Rajendrachari Shashanka
Published: January 2025

High‐entropy alloys (HEAs), containing five or more elements in equal proportions, have recently made significant achievements in materials science due to their remarkable properties, including high toughness, excellent catalytic, thermal, and electrical conductivity, and resistance to wear and corrosion. This study focuses on a HEA composed of 23Fe−21Cr−18Ni−20Ti−18Mn, synthesized via ball milling. The alloy was treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to enhance its active surface area. The untreated HEA and the HCl‐treated HEA (HEA‐T) were then evaluated as potential cathode materials for supercapacitors (SCs). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed that the HEA's composition and crystalline structure remained stable during acid treatment, with no new phases forming. The acid treatment significantly increased the surface area by ~20 times, the pore volume by ~10 times, and improved microstructural homogeneity. The HEA‐T electrode demonstrated superior specific capacitance, lower internal resistance, and better cycling stability than the untreated HEA electrode. At 0.5 A/g current density, the specific capacitance (Csp) of the HEA‐T was 600 F/g, approximately two times higher than the untreated HEA. This enhanced performance suggests that the HEA‐T electrode could lead to the development of high‐performance SCs.
Unexpected Tellurohalogenation of Terminal N‐Alkynyl (Alkenyl) Derivatives of 4‐Functionalized Pyrazoles
Authors: Povidaichyk Marianna V. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Ostapchuk Eugeniy M. , Onysko Mykhaylo Yu.
Published: January 2025

The efficient synthesis of terminal N‐alkenyl and N‐alkynyl derivatives of pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic acids and their methyl esters as substrates for studying electrophilic heterocyclization has been reported. The regiochemistry and stereoselectivity of the tellurium‐induced heterocyclization of 1‐pentynyl (butynyl, butenyl) substituted pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic acids and their methyl esters under the action of tellurium (IV) oxide in hydrohalic acid were determined. This electrophilic heterocyclization leads to the formation of tetrahydropyrazolo[1,2‐a]pyridazinium and dihydropyrazolo[1,2‐a]pyrazolium intramolecular salts, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and comprehensive spectral analysis.
Initiating agri‐environmental collaboration at landscape scale requires bridging structures, regional facilitators and addressing the expectations of actors
Authors: Schüler Stefan , Arimond Isabelle , Hass Annika , Koch Menko , Huber Jule M. , Ruwisch Volker , Bartens Manuel , Plieninger Tobias , Westphal Catrin
Published: January 2025

To increase the effectiveness of agri‐environmental schemes, innovative approaches that focus on the landscape scale beyond individual fields and farms are widely discussed and tested. Central to these approaches is collaboration between several farmers and other actors in agricultural landscapes.

The effectiveness of collaborative agri‐environmental initiatives is strongly related to the motivation of actors. Administrative and social issues might hamper actor decisions to join an initiative.

Based on our experience in implementing a participatory landscape‐scale project in Germany, we raise the question in which ways actors can be motivated and empowered to participate in such initiatives and how collaborative approaches can stimulate and maintain the exchange of participants.

We find that establishing bridging structures (for an equal exchange of ideas and experiences), identifying and involving regional facilitators (to promote the participation of farmers and other actors) and addressing the expectations of actors (e.g. regarding administrative burden) can jointly support the establishment of collaborative initiatives in agriculture. This is particularly relevant when local actors have little experience with joint measure implementation and institutional framework conditions for collaborative governance are limited or not provided.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Effects of Elexacaftor‐Tezacaftor‐Ivacaftor on Nasal and Sinus Symptoms in Children With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Petit Guillaume , Coudert Aurélie , Hermann Ruben , Truy Eric , Bonjour Maxime , Reix Philippe , Ayari Sonia
Published: January 2025

Background

New CFTR Modulator triple therapy Elexacaftor‐Ivacaftor‐Tezacaftor (ETI) prove efficacy in pulmonary outcomes. However, its impact on nasal sinus symptoms in children has not been specifically studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of this therapy on nasal sinus symptomatology in children aged 6–12 years.

Methods

A prospective, single‐center cohort study was conducted over a 12‐month follow‐up period in children aged 6–12 years at the initiation of ETI therapy. The primary outcome was evolution of the SN‐5 score, a validated pediatric questionnaire measuring quality of life related to nasal sinus symptoms. A decrease of 0.5 points is considered clinically significant. Secondary outcomes included changes in clinical examination findings (obstructive turbinate hypertrophy, polyps, presence of pus in the middle meatus, and externalized mucocele), quality of life measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and number of antibiotic courses during the study period.

Results

Twenty‐six patients were included between March and September 2023, with no lost to follow‐up. The initial mean SN‐5 score was 2.88 (95% CI {1.91; 3.85}). After 1 year, the mean SN‐5 score was significantly lower (1.41, 95% CI {1.00; 1.88}, Delta = 1.47, p < 0.001). The VAS related to symptoms also improved (Delta = 1.7, p < 0.001), and the number of antibiotic courses decreased (25 vs. 69, p < 0.001). A trend toward improvement in clinical examination parameters was observed.

Conclusion

ETI therapy appears to significantly improve nasal sinus symptoms in children aged 6–12 years, as evidenced by improved quality‐of‐life scales and reduced antibiotic use.
Systemic Changes in Early Pregnancy in the Mare: An Integrated Proteomic Analysis of Blood Plasma, Histotroph, and Yolk Sac Fluid at Day 14 Post‐Ovulation
Authors: Perera Tharangani R. W. , de Ruijter‐Villani Marta , Gibb Zamira , Nixon Brett , Sheridan Alecia , Stout Tom A. E. , Swegen Aleona , Skerrett‐Byrne David A.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Embryo‐maternal signaling during the establishment of pregnancy in horses remains one of the biggest mysteries in large animal physiology. Early pregnancy loss represents a major source of economic loss to the breeding industry. This study aimed to investigate the systemic changes associated with early pregnancy by mapping the proteome of blood plasma at 14 days in pregnant and non‐pregnant mares.

Experimental Design

Plasma proteomes were analysed in commercially bred pregnant (n = 17) and non‐pregnant (n = 17) Thoroughbred mares at 14 days after ovulation, using high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Day 14 histotroph and yolk sac fluid were also profiled and datasets were integrated through pathway analysis.

Results

We identified 229 total protein IDs, with 12 increased and 10 decreased significantly in pregnant versus non‐pregnant plasma. To gain functional insight, these data were aligned with proteomes of 14‐day pregnant mare uterine fluid (n = 4; 1358 IDs) and conceptus fluid (soluble proteins within the yolk sac fluid; n = 4; 1152 IDs), and further interrogated using gene ontology databases and pathway analysis.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

These analyses identified consistent systemic changes in the mare's proteome that indicate a profound and specific immune response to early pregnancy, which appears to precede the systemic endocrine response to pregnancy. Integrated pathway analysis suggests that embryo‐maternal interactions in early pregnancy may mimic elements of the virus‐host interaction to modulate the maternal immune response. Transthyretin (TTR) and uteroglobin (SCGB1A1) were respectively down‐ and upregulated in plasma while also present in uterine fluid, and are proposed to be key proteins in early pregnancy establishment. These findings contribute significantly to our knowledge of early pregnancy in the mare and identify potential new avenues for developing clinical approaches to reduce early embryo loss.
The Perspectives and Experiences of Physiotherapists on Implementing Self‐Management Support in Inpatient Hospital Settings
Authors: Boyd Jenna Kay , Rhodes Sarah , Gray Emily Anne
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose

As health systems come under increasing pressure, supporting patients to self‐manage their own condition is becoming increasingly important. A shift towards a more holistic, person‐centred approach to healthcare in the hospital setting, through enhancing self‐management support (SMS), is required to empower patients to increase independence in managing their own conditions. The study aim was to explore how physiotherapists perceive and implement SMS with patients in hospital inpatient settings.

Methods

A qualitative study approach was taken using semi‐structured interviews (n = 8). Physiotherapists with at least 6 months experience working in the inpatient hospital setting were invited to participate. Interview data were analysed using the General Inductive Approach.

Results

Four themes were identified: (1) physiotherapists understanding and perceptions of implementation of SMS in the hospital, (2) SMS facilitates a person‐centred and collaborative approach to healthcare, (3) SMS is beneficial to patients, physiotherapists, and the healthcare system, and (4) perceived challenges and potential solutions for SMS implementation.

Discussion

Overall, physiotherapists value the use of self‐management support in the hospital. SMS was implemented by partnering with patients, facilitating patients to problem solve and providing education so that patients could play an active role in decision making and independently participate in their rehabilitation. However, there appears to be scope to improve physiotherapists' knowledge of SMS to enable implementation of a wider range of SMS tools in clinical practice. A limitation of this study is that most participants were New Zealand European and, therefore, the findings are not generalisable to all physiotherapists working in New Zealand.

Implications for Physiotherapy Practice

Physiotherapists perceive SMS to have a place in the inpatient hospital setting and can lead to better patient outcomes and reduce burden on the healthcare system. Enhancing physiotherapists' understanding of SMS and exploring other ways to implement SMS in hospital settings, may help to facilitate appropriate implementation.
Microstructure and Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Laser Cladding (CoCrNiFeMo)91.5B6.0Si2.5 High‐Entropy Alloy Coating on TC4 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Xie Fang , Zhang Xi , Zhai Changsheng , Zhang Xin , Li Xingchao , Liu Xiubo , Hua Xijin
Published: January 2025

(CoCrNiFeMo)91.5B6.0Si2.5 high‐entropy alloy (HEA) coatings are deposited on TC4 titanium alloy by laser cladding, and their microstructure and properties are investigated. The findings indicate that FCC1 and FCC2 are dendritic and euqiaxed structures, respectively, and that HEA coatings form a FCC + σ eutectic structure. A strong metallurgical bond and a high density interface fusion layer are created at v = 1200 mm min−1, and the laser energy density matches that of the cladding. The thermodynamic criteria for the FCC + σ eutectic phase in HEAs created by the nonequilibrium solidification are proposed as follows: δ ≤ 8.5%, 6.88 ≤ VEC ≤ 8, −17 ≤ ΔHmix ≤ 7 kJ mol−1, and PSFE ≥ 40 at%. The thermodynamic parameters of HEACs are as follows: δ = 8.46%, ΔHmix = −10.282 kJ mol−1, VEC = 7.2, and PSFE = 43 at%, which meet the criteria. The coating's cross‐sectional hardness gradually drops from HEA‐coating‐zone, fusion‐zone, heat‐affected zone, and TC4 matrix. When v = 1200 mm min−1, the HEA‐coating‐zone has the highest mean microhardness (830.96 HV1.0). HEA coatings have a double passivation zone with the highest Ecorr (−0.1774 V) and a much lower Icorr (0.047 μA cm−2) than that of other scanning rates. Its FCC + σ eutectic structure, greater crystallinity, improved passivation effect, more dense microstructure, and fewer lattice and grain boundary defects all work together to provide its exceptional electrochemical corrosion performance.
Temperature Dependence of Electrical Properties of Ammonothermal GaN
Authors: Shen Liangkun , Li Tengkun , Ren Guoqiang , Xie Kaihe , Lu Wenhao , Zhou Hu , Xu Ke
Published: January 2025

The electrical properties at different temperatures of GaN grown by the basic ammonothermal method are studied. In the temperature range of 95–500 K, the scattering mechanism of GaN changes from ionized impurity scattering at low temperature to polar optical phonon scattering at high temperatures. It is found that the experimental measurement value at room temperature is lower than the calculated value, due to the multi‐ion scattering effect caused by high impurity concentrations, which are believed to result from the compensation of Mg, Mn, and VGa‐Hx.
ScAlN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor Heterostructures Grown by Ammonia Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Silicon Substrate
Authors: Elias Caroline , Chenot Sébastien , Bartoli Florian , Hugues Maxime , Cordier Yvon
Published: January 2025

In this work, ammonia source molecular beam epitaxy is explored as an alternative technique to grow ScAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor heterostructures on a silicon substrate with thin buffer layers. The effect of ScAlN barrier thickness is investigated. A transistor with a maximum drain current superior to 1 A mm−1 has been fabricated on a silicon substrate despite the ohmic contacts having a resistance around 1 ohm.mm, and functional transistors with barriers as thin as 10 nm have been demonstrated.
Linking Suspended Sediment Conditions to Hyporheic Dissolved Oxygen and Fine Sediment Deposition in Salmonid Spawning Habitat Below an Irrigation Dam, Park County, Wyoming
Authors: Pilkerton Ashleigh M. , Alexander Jason S. , Patterson Lindsay S. , Burckhardt Jason C. , Rahel Frank J. , Walters Annika W.
Published: January 2025

Dams are essential for water resources management but impose notable effects on fluvial sediment transport and downstream river morphology by reducing or altering the timing of sediment loads. We explored the relationship between dam sediment management and downstream sediment dynamics in the context of riverine fisheries management. We quantified the effects of dam sediment management operations on downstream salmonid spawning habitat during two differing water‐level drawdown events: (1) an experimental drawdown leading to various high concentration sediment releases, and (2) a typical slower drawdown intended to minimize release of sediment. The experimental drawdown increased deposited fine sediment and decreased hyporheic dissolved oxygen levels. However, the typical drawdown did not increase fine sediment deposition or decrease hyporheic dissolved oxygen. We quantify the immediate impacts of dam operations using a number of water column and substrate metrics, and demonstrate the potential for sediment flushing operations to have short‐term seasonally persistent effects on salmonid spawning habitat. Common surrogates of suspended sediment concentration (i.e., turbidity) were poor indicators of salmonid spawning habitat, especially when sand was the dominant grain size. Instead, other measures of suspended sediment concentration such as acoustic backscatter and depth‐integrated samples, combined with discharge, appear to be better suited for monitoring and inferring the impacts of sediment releases on salmonid spawning habitat. We demonstrate the importance of understanding sediment particle sizes, monitoring relevant water column conditions in real‐time, and provide options for effectively monitoring the downstream impact of dam operations. This work can help managers balance dam sediment management operations with ecological priorities.
A Ratio Fluorescent Sensor Based on Coumarin and Rhodamine for Sequential Detection of Aluminium Ion and Pyrophosphate and Its Applicability in Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Meng Xianjiao , Zhang Yaru , Guo Dongdong , Li Jingjing
Published: January 2025

A ratio fluorescent sensor N'‐((E)‐3‐((E)‐((3′, 6′‐bis(diethylamino)‐3‐oxospiro[isoindoline‐1, 9′‐xanthen]‐2‐yl)imino)methyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐5‐methylbenzylidene)‐7‐(diethylamino)‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carbohydrazide (I) based on the FRET mechanism was synthesized using coumarin as the donor and rhodamine as the receptor. Its structure was characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI‐MS. The sensing performance of sensor I was studied using fluorescence spectrophotometry, and the detection mechanism was studied using density functional theory. The results indicated that in MeOH/H2O medium, sensor I exhibits a significant fluorescence enhanced response to Al3+, with a detection limit of 5.8 × 10−7 mol/L. In addition, complex I‐Al3+exhibits a significant fluorescence quenching response to PPi, with a detection limit of 3.7 × 10−7 mol/L, indicating that sensor I has high sensitivity and anti‐interference ability for the recognition and detection of Al3+ and PPi. Through the analysis of complexation curves, it was found that the complexation ratio of sensor I to Al3+ was 1:1 and complex I‐Al3+ to PPi was 2:1, and the cyclic response test could be performed stably for more than four times. The imaging results of Arabidopsis thaliana show that sensor I has low toxicity and good biocompatibility, which provides a way for the detection of Al3+ in plants.
Flat Band Generation Through Interlayer Geometric Frustration in Intercalated Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Peng Yawen , He Ren , Li Peng , Zhdanovich Sergey , Michiardi Matteo , Gorovikov Sergey , Zonno Marta , Damascelli Andrea , Miao Guo‐Xing
Published: January 2025

Electronic flat bands can lead to rich many‐body quantum phases by quenching the electron's kinetic energy and enhancing many‐body correlation. The reduced bandwidth can be realized by either destructive quantum interference in frustrated lattices, or by generating heavy band folding with avoided band crossing in Moiré superlattices. Here a general approach is proposed to introduce flat bands into widely studied transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials by dilute intercalation. A flat band with vanishing dispersion is observed by angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) over the entire momentum space in intercalated Mn1/4TaS2. Polarization‐dependent ARPES measurements combined with symmetry analysis reveal the orbital characters of the flat band. Supercell tight‐binding simulations suggest that such flat bands arising from destructive interference between Mn and Ta on S through hopping pathways, are ubiquitous in a range of TMD families as well as for different intercalation configurations. The findings establish a new material platform to manipulate flat band structures and explore their corresponding emergent correlated properties.
Semiconducting Cu(I) Framework for Room Temperature NO2 Sensing via Efficient Charge Transfer
Authors: Pandey Dilip , Patel Chandrabhan , Mishra Shivendu , Yadav Lokesh , Halba Dikeshwar , Pakhira Srimanta , Mukherjee Shaibal , Raghuvanshi Abhinav
Published: January 2025

Efficient room‐temperature sensors for toxic gases are essential to ensure a safe and healthy life. Conducting frameworks have shown great promise in advancing gas sensing technologies. In this study, two new organic‐inorganic frameworks [Cu2X2(PPh3)2(L)]n, CP1 (X = I) and CP2 (X = Br) have been synthesized using (pyridin‐4‐yl)‐N‐(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)methanimine (L) and triphenylphosphine. These frameworks exhibit distinct structural arrangements to generate 1D coordination polymers (CPs). Due to their semiconducting properties, both CPs are fabricated into conventional interdigitated electrodes by drop‐casting. Benefitting from the higher electron density of the Cu(I) center, CP1 demonstrates selective sensing for NO2 gas with excellent sensitivity and reversibility. The material offers one of the best room temperature NO2 chemiresistive sensing performances among the MOF/CP‐based materials with ultrafast response time (15.5 s @10 ppm). Additionally, convenient synthesis and ease of device fabrication for sensing give the material a distinct advantage. The experimental and theoretical findings collectively suggest that the adsorption of NO2 on the material's surface and the concomitant effective charge transfer between Cu(I) and NO2 are key to its efficacious gas sensing capabilities.
{110} Surface‐Exposed Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 Ferroelectric Nanosheet Arrays on Porous Ceramics as Efficient and Recyclable Piezo‐Photocatalysts
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhang Yan , Zhou Xuefan , Feng Kaiyu , Xu Qianqian , Gong Hanyu , Zhai Di , Yan Mingyang , Zhang Dou , Bowen Chris
Published: January 2025

Bismuth‐layered ferroelectric nanomaterials exhibit great potential for piezo‐photocatalysis. However, a major challenge lies in the difficulty of recovering the catalytic powders, raising concerns regarding secondary pollution of water. In this work, a novel hierarchical porous ferroelectric ceramic containing {110} surface‐exposed Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 (BIT‐Nd) nanosheet arrays is grown on a porous ceramic matrix for efficient and recyclable piezo‐photocatalysis. By controlling the BIT‐Nd loading level of the nanosheets, the piezo‐photocatalytic degradation efficiency of a Rhodamine B(RhB) (C0 = 10 mg L−1) solution reached an optimum value of 97.1% in 100 min with a first‐order kinetic rate constant, k, of up to 0.0321 min−1 in Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12‐20 (BITNd‐20) with a mass ratio of hydrothermal products to ceramics of 20%. In the presence of BITNd‐20, a surprising H2 yield rate of 130 µmol·h−1 is achieved without using any cocatalyst or scavenger. Specially, the beneficial role of snowflake structures on piezoelectric potential amplification and introducing nanosheets with exposed {110} surfaces on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, piezoelectric potential output, and catalytic performance of porous ceramics has been revealed. This unique design strategy provides a new approach to enhance the piezo‐photocatalytic activity by addressing environmental issues and enhancing catalytic performance to yield cleaner energy.
A Coordination Nanosystem Enables Endogenous Ferric Ion‐Initiated Multi‐Catalysis for Synergistic Tumor‐Specific Ferroptosis and Gene Therapy
Authors: Chen Jiajie , Wang Yitong , Yang Zhibo , Tang Kai , Liu Xinchun , Ma Hongshi , Ye Huamao , Wu Chengtie , Zhu Yufang
Published: January 2025

Emerging evidence demonstrates that inducing ferroptosis, a nonapoptotic programmed cell death mode, holds significant potential for tumor treatment. However, current ferroptosis strategies utilizing exogenous Fenton‐type heavy metal species or introducing glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) suppressants are hampered by latent adverse effects toward organisms, while utilizing endogenous iron may cause undesirable tumor angiogenesis through specific signaling pathways. Here, a ferric ion (Fe3+)‐responsive and DNAzyme‐delivered coordination nanosystem (ZDD) is developed to achieve a novel scheme of synergistic tumor‐specific ferroptosis and gene therapy, which modulates and harnesses the endogenous iron in tumors for inducing ferroptosis while intercepting tumor angiogenesis to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Profiting from the characteristic coordination structure and components, ZDD can not only specifically capture tumor endogenous Fe3+ into the tumor cells to promote the catalytic generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide anions (O2·−) under acidic environment and the catalytic GSH oxidation, arousing potent ferroptotic cell death, but also effectively deliver specific DNAzyme and release abundant zinc ion (Zn2+) as a powerful cofactor to activate the biocatalytic cleavage of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) gene for angiogenesis suppression. Ultimately, the ZDD‐enabled synergistic therapy prominently inhibited tumor growth and prevented metastasis, representing a promising nanotherapeutic formula for safe and efficient tumor therapy.
Optically Readable Multilevel Magnetic Memory States in Perpendicularly Exchange‐Biased Ferromagnetic Multilayers
Authors: Kim Jeongjun , Kim Han Gyeol , Dho Joonghoe
Published: January 2025

The construction of multilevel magnetic states using materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) offers a novel approach to enhancing the storage density and read/write efficiency of nonvolatile magnetic memory devices. In this study, optically readable multilevel magnetic domain states are achieved by inducing asymmetric interlayer interactions and decoupling the magnetic reversal behavior of individual ferromagnetic (FM) layers in exchange‐biased FM multilayers with PMA. Hepta‐level magnetic domain states are formed in [Co/Pt]n FM multilayers grown on an antiferromagnetic Fe2O3 layer within a relatively low magnetic field range of ∼±400 Oe. Raising and lowering operations between states are demonstrated to be achievable, enabling the writing of new information without the need for initialization in multilevel magnetic memory applications. This design concept, leveraging multilevel magnetic domain states and facilitating noncontact optical reading of stored information, demonstrates the potential to enhance the storage density of nonvolatile magnetic memory devices as it eliminates the need for electrical circuits typically required in other resistive memory technologies.
Minimizing Zn Loss Through Dual Regulation for Reversible Zinc Anode Beyond 90% Utilization Ratio
Authors: Zhu Yue , Li Haoyu , Sun Xinyi , Chen Aoyuan , Hou Ruilin , He Ping , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen
Published: January 2025

Large‐scale energy storage devices experience explosive development in response to the increasing energy crisis. Zinc ion batteries featuring low cost, high safe, and environment friendly are considered promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage devices. However, their practical application suffers from the limited anode lifespan under a high zinc utilization ratio, which can be attributed to aggravated Zn loss caused by zinc conversion reactions and “dead” Zn. Herein, n‐propyl alcohol is reported to stabilize the Zn anode under the high depth of discharge through dual regulation of water activity inhibition and zinc‐ion plating regulation. The modified electrolyte exhibits a 76.43% cut in corrosion current benefited from low water activity and benefits SEI surface. The “dead” Zn content is also reduced by 26 times as a result of dendrite‐free zinc ion plating. Thus, the highly reversible zinc plating/stripping with 99.62% CE is achieved for ≈3600 cycles. Moreover, the lifespan of Zn/Zn cells is greatly increased even under a high depth of discharge (310 h, 90%DOD and 120 h, 95.18% DOD). In Zn/NH4V4O10 full cells, the improved anode reversibility enables a remarkable capacity retention of 92.16% after 400 cycles with a low N/P ratio of 2.5.
Volatile MoS2 Memristors with Lateral Silver Ion Migration for Artificial Neuron Applications
Authors: Cruces Sofía , Ganeriwala Mohit Dineshkumar , Lee Jimin , Völkel Lukas , Braun Dennis , Grundmann Annika , Ran Ke , González Marín Enrique , Kalisch Holger , Heuken Michael , Vescan Andrei , Mayer Joachim , Godoy Andrés , Daus Alwin , Lemme Max Christian
Published: January 2025

Layered 2D semiconductors have shown enhanced ion migration capabilities along their van der Waals (vdW) gaps and on their surfaces. This effect can be employed for resistive switching (RS) in devices for emerging memories, selectors, and neuromorphic computing. To date, all lateral molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)‐based volatile RS devices with silver (Ag) ion migration have been demonstrated using exfoliated, single‐crystal MoS2 flakes requiring a forming step to enable RS. Herein, present volatile RS with multilayer MoS2 grown by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) with repeatable forming‐free operation is presented. The devices show highly reproducible volatile RS with low operating voltages of ≈2 V and fast‐switching times down to 130 ns considering their micrometer‐scale dimensions. The switching mechanism is investigated based on Ag ion surface migration through transmission electron microscopy, electronic transport modeling, and density functional theory. Finally, a physics‐based compact model is developed and the implementation of the volatile memristors as artificial neurons in neuromorphic systems is exploredd.
Recent Advances in the Design and Application of Asymmetric Carbon‐Based Materials
Authors: Cui Chenqi , Ma Haoxuan , Du Juan , Xie Lei , Chen Aibing
Published: January 2025

Asymmetric carbon‐based materials (ACBMs) have received significant attention in scientific research due to their unique structures and properties. Through the introduction of heterogeneous atoms and the construction of asymmetric ordered/disordered structures, ACBMs are optimized in terms of electrical conductivity, pore structure, and chemical composition and exhibit multiple properties such as hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, optical characteristics, and magnetic behavior. Here, the recent research progress of ACBMs is reviewed, focusing on the potential of these materials for electrochemical, catalysis, and biomedical applications and their unique advantages over conventional symmetric carbon‐based materials. Meanwhile, a variety of construction strategies of asymmetric structures, including template method, nanoemulsion assembly method, and self‐assembly method, are described in detail. In addition, the contradictions between material synthesis and application are pointed out, such as the limitations of synthesis methods and morphology modulation means, as well as the trade‐off between property improvement and production costs. Finally, the future development path of ACBMs is envisioned, emphasizing the importance of the close integration of theory and practice, and looking forward to promoting the research and development of a new generation of high‐performance materials through the in‐depth understanding of the design principles and action mechanisms of ACBMs.
Chemo‐Mechanical Due‐Biomimetic Approach for Ultra‐Stable Adsorption Across Multiple Scenarios
Authors: Xu Jin , Lu Luo , Cong Qian , Zhang Wei , Zhao Tiancong
Published: January 2025

The unique adhesion capabilities of soft‐bodied creatures such as leeches and octopuses have provided considerable inspiration for the development of artificial adhesive materials. However, previous studies have either focused on the design of sucker structures or concentrated on the synthesis of adhesive materials, with the combination of these two aspects not yet having been deeply investigated. In this study, inspired from leech's unique adsorption ability, a biomimetic approach is proposed that combined artificial sucker and mucus, to achieve remarkable adhesion stability on rough surfaces using 5 cm diameter silicone suction cups. Even on 40‐mesh substrates, the mucus‐coated suction cups maintained over 95% of their adhesion force compared to smooth surfaces. The formation of a liquid seal by the mucus at the suction cup edges effectively prevented gas leakage on rough substrates, thus ensuring stable adhesion. This experiments across various scenarios and real‐world objects substantiated the stability and versatility of this strategy. In summary, a straightforward method is presented for achieving reliable adhesion with centimeter‐scale suction cups, thereby unveiling new avenues for the development of commercially viable adhesion devices.
Rational Design Strategy of Multicomponent Si/FeSeOx@N‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Hybrid Microspheres Intertwined with N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Anodes for Ultra‐Stable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Jae Seob , Kim Jung Yeon , Ahn Hyun Seon , Ka Hye Seon , Saroha Rakesh , Jeong Do Won , Kang Yun Chan , Kang Dong‐Won , Cho Jung Sang
Published: January 2025

Herein, an efficient synthesis approach is introduced for the fabrication of a hybrid anode consisting of porous microspheres with biphasic silicon (Si)‐amorphous iron selenite (Si/FeSeOx) nanocrystals enveloped within an N‐doped graphitic carbon (NGC) matrix and encased by well‐grown, highly intertwined N‐doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (Si/FeSeOx@NGC/N‐CNT). Si and FeSeOx serve as the active components, contributing to the overall discharge capacity of the hybrid anode. Additionally, FeSeOx not only enhances the structural integrity of the nanostructure by channelizing the drastic volume variation of Si, but also expedites the diffusion of lithium ions, thereby promoting kinetically favored redox reactions. The NGC matrix serves as the primary pathway for efficient electron transfer within the electrode, whereas the well‐grown N‐CNTs network acts as a secondary pathway for subsequent electron transfer to the current collector. The porous structure achieved via selective removal of amorphous carbon ensures the smooth diffusion of charged species by shortening the effective charge diffusion length and accommodating the substantial volume changes during cycling. Correspondingly, the Si/FeSeOx@NGC/N‐CNT anodes demonstrate significant enhancements in electrochemical performance, including one‐order higher diffusion coefficients (≈10−12 cm2 s−1), exceptional rate capability (till 30 A g−1), and extraordinary cycling stability at 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 A g−1.
Flexible Room‐Temperature Ammonia Sensor Using Multi‐Heterojunction MoO3/CuO/Cu2O Nanoclusters for Noninvasive Kidney Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Qian Haoyu , Yan Wenjing , Li Yingzhu , Zhou Xingquan , Xia Shengjie , Qin Yuyuan , Mao Peng , Xie Bo , Han Min , Hu Jun
Published: January 2025

In this study, a flexible room‐temperature ammonia (NH3) sensor is developed based on MoO3/CuO/Cu2O hybrid nanoclusters (HNCs), specifically designed for the noninvasive diagnosis of nephropathy. The MoO3/CuO/Cu2O HNCs achieve an ultralow detection limit of 0.73 ppm, with high sensitivity (0.163 ppm−1) and rapid response and recovery times (16.4 and 90.6 s). The integration of MoO3 (n‐type) with CuO and Cu2O (p‐type) forms multi‐heterojunctions, enhancing gas‐sensing performance through efficient charge separation and improved NH3 adsorption. Additionally, the sensor demonstrates excellent mechanical flexibility and long‐term stability under dynamic deformation. To address humidity interference in exhaled breath analysis, the sensor with a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene layer is coated via radio frequency sputtering, ensuring effective NH3 detection and differentiation between healthy individuals and kidney disease patients. In this work, the potential of multi‐heterojunction nanostructures in developing high‐performance, flexible gas sensors for practical health‐monitoring applications is highlighted.
Synthesis of Janus Polydiacetylene Sensor Particles with Thermochromism and Solvatochromism Properties
Authors: Revadekar Chetan C. , Shin Seung Soo , Kim Jong‐Man , Park Bum Jun
Published: January 2025

The first report is presented on the fabrication of anisotropic Janus polydiacetylene (PDA) microparticles with dual colorimetric properties. Spherical proto‐PDA particles are initially created by drying an emulsion containing 10,12‐pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) monomers, followed by UV polymerization. By heating an aqueous dispersion of these PDA particles, the unpolymerized PCDA within the PDA particles is liquefied, inducing partial phase separation and eventually leading to the formation of a Janus morphology composed of proto‐PDA and deriv‐PDA bulbs. Notably, each bulb of the Janus particles undergoes a blue‐to‐red transition under thermal stress during the Janus formation process, with subsequent UV irradiation triggering a reversible red‐to‐blue transition. This reversibility is attributed to the formation of new self‐assembled PCDA domains from residual PCDA monomers within the particles. Interestingly, each bulb of the Janus PDA particles exhibits distinct solvatochromic properties. These findings suggest significant potential for Janus PDA particles in advanced sensing technologies, particularly as solvent sensors with enhanced sensitivity and an expanded detection range.
Impact of Defect‐Rich Carbon Nanofibers Combined with Magnetic Materials on Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Radar Cross‐Section Reduction
Authors: Abdalla Ibrahim , Elhassan Ahmed , Ali Salma , Saty Malik Yonis Hassan , Adam Ekrema , Zou Lihua , Ni Qingqing , Xu Zhenzhen
Published: January 2025

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) exhibit inherent dielectric properties that enhance electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption, yet challenges exist in expanding their effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) and improving flexibility. Many studies fail to adequately consider how structural factors influence performance when combining CNFs with magnetic materials. To address these issues, a 1D carbon nanocomposite is developed by embedding magnetic oxide nanoparticles within CNFs using a simple electrospinning technique. This approach improves membrane flexibility by disrupting rigid alignment and introducing dynamic magnetic interactions, while also creating defect‐rich interfaces that increase the amorphous content (61%) of the CNFsF composite, leading to improved EM wave absorption. The unique macro/mesoporous morphology provides internal interfaces and heterogeneous boundaries that effectively trap and dissipate EM waves. As a result, the flexible CNF composites demonstrate significant EM wave absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −39.8 dB at 4.64 GHz and an abroad EAB of up to 7 GHz at only 2.5 mm thickness. Computer simulation technology (CST) simulations indicate a maximum radar cross‐section reduction of 21.1 dB m2, highlighting the material's radar stealth capability. This research advances the development of high‐performance materials and offers new strategies for enhancing absorption properties through composite engineering.
Activation energy aspects on the chemically reactive flow of a ternary nanofluid due to a deforming cone: A Galerkin finite element approach
Authors: R Naveen Kumar , B Shilpa , Patel Pinank , Kedia Navin , Abdulrahman Amal , Prakash Chander
Published: January 2025

This research examines the influence of heat source/sink and activation energy on the ternary nanoliquid flow due to the rotating cone with the wall‐deforming boundary circumstances in porous media. The suspension of the differently shaped nanoparticles in the base liquid is also considered in the modelling. The development of the boundary layer structure may be determined by analysing von Karman's classic deformable revolving disk flow. Therefore, the engineering community can easily identify the significant physical characteristics of a cone with a certain apex angle by using a multiplication factor associated with the deformable spinning disk flow. The governing partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations with the help of similarity variables. The obtained equations are numerically solved using the Galerkin finite element technique. Graphical depictions illustrate the impact of various dimensionless factors on different profiles. The influence of the deformation‐to‐rotation ratio on fluid velocity profiles is shown for both stretching and shrinking scenarios. As the heat source/sink parameter values increase, the temperature rises. The concentration profile decays for the chemical reaction parameter and intensifies for the activation energy parameter.
Analytical simulation for couple stress Williamson nanofluid flow and heat transfer towards a shrinking surface with slip and viscous dissipation effects
Authors: Rehman Ali , Khun Ma Chau , Inc Mustafa , Chou Dean , Rezapour Shahram
Published: January 2025

This research work simulates analytically the flow and heat transfer properties of a couple stress Williamson nanofluid (WN) across a shrinking surface, accounting for the effects of slip and viscous dissipation. The Williamson and couple stress fluid model, using blood as the base fluid, tackles non‐Newtonian behavior. When there are slip conditions at the boundary, they change the velocity profile. Titanium dioxide and silver are used as nanoparticles, and blood is used as a base fluid for the formation of two different nanofluids. The study also looks at the role of viscous dissipation, which changes mechanical energy into thermal energy and adds to the energy equation. We use the homotopy analysis method (HAM) to analytically solve the governing nonlinear PDEs, which similarity transformations have converted into nonlinear ODEs. We thoroughly examine the effects of significant parameters, such as the couple stress parameter, Williamson fluid parameter, slip length, nanoparticle volume friction, and Eckert number (EN), on the temperature and velocity fields (VF). The results show how these factors interact in complex ways, giving us new ways to think about controlling and managing the heat of non‐Newtonian nanofluid flows in engineering settings.
Approaching Interoperability and Data-Related Processing Issues in a Human-Centric Industrial Scenario
Authors: Syed Danish Abbas , Quadrini Walter , Rahmani Choubeh Nima , Pinzone Marta , Gusmeroli Sergio
Published: January 2025

Industry 4.0 industrial automation paradigm and the related new Operator 4.0 role and pool of competencies are playing a critical role in bringing forth the Digital Transformation to manufacturing industry and SMEs in particular. The human-centric aspect of Industry 4.0 in combination with resilience, sustainability and circularity of manufacturing processes is gaining wider acceptance in Europe and across the globe while the transition towards Industry 5.0 starts to gain momentum as well as the integration of human centric solutions in Industry 4.0 automation systems. The current work uses a three-pronged approach to wearable sensors integrated with existing Industry 4.0 automation systems, by addressing sensor heterogeneity, data interoperability and network latency issues under the umbrella of a single unified and harmonised solution. Such a solution is realised in a realistic industrial scenario showcasing adaptive Human-Robot collaboration and leverages open-source software and open reference architectures.