bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Conservation in the Production of Urban Space in Acre, Israel
Authors: Naaman Yael Fuhrmann , Nitzan-Shiftan Alona , Kallus Rachel
Published: December 2018

In 2003 the Israel Land Administration decided, for the first time, to restore a residential quarter in Old Acre. The rehabilitation process marked a turning point in Acre's conservation. Hitherto, the “monumental” narrative of the Israeli national project stressed the archaeological ethos of the Crusader city. The new approach engaged instead a “social” narrative, requiring a focused attention on the Ottoman city. During a pilot project the flagship building of the quarter was evacuated, massively renovated, and re-populated with its former Palestinian residents. The controversial restoration of the building's appearance back to its bourgeois Ottoman phase, a period hitherto neglected by Israeli government agencies, is a lens through which we examine the convergence of three distinct narratives—monumental, social, and global—that guide Israeli interventions in Old Acre. Our focus is on the agency of conservation in the competition between them on the meaning and character of Acre's urban space.1
Política de inventarios máximos y mínimos en cadenas de suministro multinivel. Caso de estudio: una empresa de distribución farmacéutica (Artículo Profesional)
Authors: Chamorro Corea J. L. , Díaz Camejo J. E. , Fuentes Espinoza O. D. , Lovo Gutiérrez H. Y.
Published: December 2018

En este trabajo se aborda la evaluación de la política de inventarios máximos y mínimos en cadenas de suministros multinivel. La investigación se realiza con base en la metodología de estudio de caso en una empresa de distribución farmacéutica. Se utiliza el producto con mayor nivel de ventas de la empresa para evaluar la política de inventarios. En este estudio la política de inventarios es evaluada mediante los indicadores de nivel de servicio y rotación de inventarios. Una solución derivada de la teoría es comparada con soluciones óptimas o cercanas a la óptima. Los métodos de optimización incluyen, pero no están limitados a, algoritmos de búsqueda tabú y búsqueda dispersa. Resultados experimentales derivados de las simulaciones de la política de inventarios demuestran que la solución derivada de la teoría garantiza un alto nivel de servicio, pero presenta oportunidades de mejora en términos de la rotación de inventarios.
All-epiphyseal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Does Not Increase the Risk of Complications Compared With Pediatric Transphyseal Reconstruction
Authors: Patel Neeraj M. , DeFrancesco Christopher J. , Talathi Nakul S. , Bram Joshua T. , Ganley Theodore J.
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Complication rates after physeal-sparing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are known to be high in the paediatric population compared with the adult population. However, the outcomes of these skeletally immature patients after all-epiphyseal reconstruction have not been compared with those after transphyseal reconstructions in a more similar age group. This study compares clinical outcomes and complications between all-epiphyseal and pediatric transphyseal ACLR.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 1,056 pediatric patients undergoing primary ACLR between 2000 and 2015. Of these, 51 were excluded (5 extra-articular and 46 partial transphyseal reconstructions). Demographic data, intraoperative findings and techniques, postoperative complications (including graft rupture, contralateral anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] tear, and meniscus injuries), clearance for sports, range of motion (ROM), and isokinetic strength testing were recorded. Univariate analysis was followed by stepwise, binary logistic regressions to control for confounding factors.

Results:

During the study period, 162 patients underwent all-epiphyseal reconstruction (mean age, 12.1 ± 1.8 years) and 843 underwent transphyseal ACLR (mean age, 15.8 ± 1.9 years). At the time of surgery, more meniscus tears were found in the transphyseal group (76% versus 60%;P< 0.01). These patients also had more irreparable meniscus tears requiring partial meniscectomy (35% versus 18%;P< 0.01). Overall, the rates of graft failure, contralateral ACL injury, and new meniscus tears were 10.3%, 6.1%, and 14.2%, respectively. After controlling for confounders in a multivariate model, no difference was found in these postoperative complications between all-epiphyseal and transphyseal ACLR. Furthermore, no clinically significant difference was observed in postoperative ROM or isokinetic strength testing.

Discussion:

Skeletally immature patients undergoing all-epiphyseal ACLR had less irreparable meniscus tears than older children undergoing transphyseal reconstruction. After adjusting for age and other confounders, there was no difference in postoperative ROM or strength, nor an increased risk of graft rupture, contralateral ACL injury, or new meniscus tear in these young patients compared with older adolescents undergoing transphyseal ACLR.

Level of Evidence:

Level III
Diminishing the Effectiveness of the Wall in Nehemiah: A Narratological Analysis of the Nehemiah Memoir and Third-person Narration
Authors: Byun Paul
Published: December 2018

The book of Nehemiah has often been understood to have an immense focus on the wall. A closer look at the narrative, however, shows that the focus on the wall is exclusively found in the Nehemiah Memoir and not in the third-person narrations. From a narratological perspective, the shifting of narrators is the author’s intention to relay a message. Hence, adopting the narratological approach, this article will argue that the author(s) effectively presents the wall as an inadequate solution to Israel’s problems.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 10, No. 4
Authors: Bai Liam
Published: December 2018

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2018
Cleaner Nudges? Policy Labels and Investment Decision-making
Authors: Lange Ian , Moro Mirko , Rahman Mohammad Mahbubur
Published: December 2018

Recent evidence suggests that labeling of unconditional cash transfers leads recipients to spend more on the labeled good. In this paper we show that the Winter Fuel Payment, an unconditional cash transfer, has distortionary effects on the market for goods related to the labeled product, renewable technologies. Using a Regression Discontinuity Design this analysis finds a robust reduction in the probability to install renewable energy technologies of 1.2 percentage points. Falsification tests support the labeling hypothesis. As a result, households use too much energy from sources which generate pollution and too little from relatively cleaner technologies.
UK Electricity Market Reform and the Energy Transition:Emerging Lessons
Authors: Grubb Michael , Newbery David
Published: December 2018

The 2013 Electricity Market Reform (EMR) was a response to the twin problems of securing efficient finance for a new generation of low carbon investments, and delivering reliability along with a growing share of renewables in its energy-only market. Four EMR instruments combined to revolutionize the sector; stimulating unprecedented technological and structural change. Competitive auctions for both firm capacity and renewable energy have seen prices far lower than predicted and the entry of unexpected new technologies. A carbon price floor displaced coal, whose share fell from 46% in 1995 to 7% in 2017, halving CO2. Renewables grew from under 4% in 2008 to 22% by 2017, projected at 30+% by 2020 despite a political ban on onshore wind. Neither the technological nor regulatory transitions are complete, and the results to date highlight other challenges, notably to transmission pricing and locational signals. EMR is a step forwards, not backwards; but it is not the end of the stor
A Mechanism for Allocating Benefits and Costs from Transmission Interconnections under Cooperation: A Case Study of the North Sea Offshore Grid
Authors: Kristiansen Martin , Muñoz Francisco D. , Oren Shmuel , Korpås Magnus
Published: December 2018

We propose a generic mechanism for allocating the benefits and costs that result from the development of international transmission interconnections under a cooperative agreement. The mechanism is based on a planning model that considers generation investments as a response to transmission developments, and the Shapley Value from cooperative game theory. This method provides a unique allocation of benefits and costs considering each country’s average incremental contribution to the cooperative agreement. The allocation satisfies an axiomatic definition of fairness. We demonstrate our results for three planned transmission interconnections in the North Sea and show that the proposed mechanism can be used as a basis for defining a set of Power Purchase Agreements among countries.
Grain yield performance, correlation, and cluster analysis in elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines
Authors: Arain Saima Mir , Sial Mahboob Ali , Jamali Karim Dino , Laghari Khalil Ahmed
Published: December 2018

Wheat is a leading cereal, playing a crucial role in feeding the hungry world and improving global food security. The present study was undertaken to comparatively analyze the extent of genetic diversity for various quantitative traits among the wheat material exotic to Pakistan, received from CIMMYT (The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), Mexico. Nineteen advanced lines from the Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Trial (SAWYT) were studied along with a local cultivar, considered a control (NIA-Amber). Data were recorded on nine important agro-morphic traits. The compared genotypes differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in the studied traits, where line V6 produced the highest mean grain yield (6,049 kg ha−1) and maximum 1,000-grain weight (45.0 g). Other lines, V19, V17, and V2, also showed superiority in yield (5,723, 5,150, and 5,067 kg ha−1, respectively). Days to heading established a significant positive association with days to maturity (r = 0.7995), plant height (r = 0.3168), spike length (r = 0.2696), and spikelets per spike (r = 0.4391). The important yield associated trait, 1,000-grain weight, had a highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.6833) with grain yield. Cluster analysis for various quantitative traits showed important information about genetic diversity for the studied traits among wheat genotypes. Hence, selection of genotypes for higher grain yield based on these traits could be useful for future breeding.
PROFITABILITY OF PEACH AND APRICOT PRODUCTION IN POLAND
Authors: Brzozowski Piotr , Zmarlicki Krzysztof
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study, based on 28 interviews with growers, was to learn about cost of production and profitability of peaches and apricots grown in Mazowieckie and Lubelskie Voivodships (Poland). The production of these species in Poland is associated with high weather risk. In the analyzed period of 2016-2018 production of these fruit was profitable in 2016 and 2018, and unprofitable in 2017 due to late spring frost. The area of cultivation and crops of these fruit decreased significantly after Poland’s accession to the EU due to competition of fruit from southern Europe. According to the vast majority of peach and apricot producers, the profitability decreased during this time. The production costs are as high as 18.7 thousand PLN per hectare for peaches and 17.4 thousand PLN per hectare for apricots. What is more crucial for the producer, about 55% of annual costs are current cash expenses; for raw materials, wages of hired employees and ongoing machinery costs (fuel). Therefore, possible losses, when sales revenues do not cover these costs, discourage producers from continuing growing. This way cultivation is shifting to smaller farms, which supply local markets and have the possibility to sell at retail markets.
THE EFFECT OF RENOVATION OF THE PERMANENT GRASSLAND ON SOME ECONOMIC EVALUATION PARAMETERS IN CONVENTIONAL CONDITION
Authors: Gaweł Eliza , Madej Andrzej , Grzelak Mieczysław
Published: December 2018

The aim of the research was to determine the optimum production, quality and economical evaluation of three methods of permanent grassland renovation and providing information which of the 3 legumes-grass mixtures would be most useful for restoration of permanent grassland. The studied factors investigated were: 3 ways of permanent grassland renovation use (factor I) and the 3 legumes-grass mixtures (factor II). Similar production results were obtained due to the compared methods of renovation of permanent grassland and legume-grass mixtures applied to the undersown crop of degraded permanent grassland. There was a tendency to obtain the smallest production effects and slightly higher unit costs of energy production and protein on the sward renewed by the simplified method after herbicide applied and direct sowing of the legume-grass mixtures seed with a slotted seed drill (object 3.) and when the Cent 4 mixtures was for the sward.
MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AS A TOOL FOR MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AND URBAN-RURAL COMMUNES IN THE PERIPHERAL REGIONS OF EASTERN POLAND
Authors: Guzal-Dec Danuta
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the work was to assess the suitability of the commune’s development strategy as a tool for managing the development of rural and urban-rural communes in the eastern peripheral regions of Poland and to determine the conditions conducive to increasing this usefulness. The work involved methods of: literature, statistical analysis and the method of a diagnostic survey using an interview questionnaire addressed to 233 representatives of rural and urban-rural communes in the Lublin, Podlaskie and Holy Cross Provinces. A moderately positive assessment of local government authorities regarding the suitability of the commune development strategy as a development management tool was indicated. It has been shown that local development strategies are an insufficiently used tool for managing the development of rural and urban-rural communes in the eastern peripheral regions of Poland. Higher assessment of the usefulness of strategies in local development management was indicated in the communes, where the process of strategy’s development and implementation was socialized. It is postulated to socialize the strategy as a condition for increasing its usefulness in managing local development and the efficiency of self-government.
A PROBLEM-BASED APPROACH OF COMMUNITY SUPPORTED AGRICULTURE WITHIN SHORT FOOD SUPPLY CHAINS BASED ON A WESTERN TRANSDANUBIAN SURVEY
Authors: Kacz Károly , Varga Ádám
Published: December 2018

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in community supported agriculture, as part of the field of short food supply chains. A considerable amount of literature has been published on SFSCs which mainly deal with the benefits and detriments of these kinds of cooperations. Being regarded as the focal point of this current scrutiny, the study has been created to determine major problems existing on both ends of the food chain spectrum with close connection to the community supported agriculture on producer, consumer and partly on intermediary levels. These problem/target groups were created after an analysis of SFSCs by involvement of several farmer’s organization and consumers in the Western Transdanubia region. As result of the survey the most influential factor was determined, namely the insufficient nature of the market power of CSA organizations. Therefore, the solution of the basic problem could be a long-term, strategic objective that is the enhancement of the market power of community supported agriculture as vital element of short food supply chains.
CHANGES IN THE SPATIAL CONCENTRATION OF EMPLOYMENT ACROSS POLISH VOIVODSHIPS
Authors: Kraciuk Jakub
Published: December 2018

The aim of this paper was to recognize and assess the changes in the spatial concentration of employment across Polish voivodships and to compare the growth of number of employed persons in the different types of districts. The author used the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to investigate whether the employment was becoming more or less concentrated. Using the data from Local Data Bank, it was indicated that in the period 2005-2016 the number of employed persons was rising at the fastest rate in the largest cities and their closest proximity. The growth rate was relatively slower in the medium-sized and small urban districts. It resulted in the increase of concentration coefficient of employment in 9 voivodships
THE LEVEL OF SUPPORT FOR AGRICULTURE WITHIN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL
POLICY IN LOWER SILESIAN COMMUNITIES WITH DIFFERENT NATURAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Kutkowska Barbara , Berbeka Tomasz , Stachowiak Marek
Published: December 2018

After 2004, income in agricultural farms in Poland was supplemented with a diversified support instruments within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy. The Lower Silesia region is characterized by favorable natural conditions for conducting agricultural activity - however, they show significant spatial diversity. The study uses ARMA data in Wroclaw Division regarding direct payments and implemented RADP 2014-2020 measures paid to farmers in 2016. The structure of payment of support instruments was analyzed and the correlation ratio between the sum of payments received and the indexation of agricultural production space and between RADP payments and the above index of valorization. The Lorenz concentration ratio indices were used and Lorenz curves were plotted for direct payments and RADP measures depending on the conditions of the agricultural production space. Support for farms under RADP measures is accumulated in municipalities with the weakest natural conditions, whereas direct payments show spatially uniform distribution.
NON-PRICE IN CENTIVES IN FARMING CONTRACTS. EVIDENCE OF CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS’ GROUPS AND THEIR FIRST BUYERS IN POLAND
Authors: Malchar-Michalska Dominika
Published: December 2018

The primary purpose of the paper is to identify non-price incentives provided by farming contracts. They aim at motivating agents to conduct their actions according to contractors’ interests. Therefore their application of these inducements might minimise the issue of moral hazard during its validity, i.e. as the production progresses. The author carried out her empirical research based on the survey among producers’ groups operating in the poultry market, while the particular emphasis was placed on farming contracts signed in 2014. The obtained results allow for identification of non-price incentives which are supposed to help monitor and tackle the problem of moral hazard with hidden action on the side of agents/ groups of poultry producers. As a conclusion, five types of incentives were determined.
EVALUATION OF SELECTED PARAMETERS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF ONE-DAY APPLE JUICES
Authors: Stankiewicz Jadwiga , Wieczorkiewicz Beata
Published: December 2018

The aim of the research was to evaluate selected microbiological features of apple juice available on the Tri-City market. The test material consisted of 30 samples of unpasteurized, one-day apple juices. In the research material coming from various commercial establishments, the total number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and the number of filamentous fungi and yeast populations was determined. Microbiological tests were carried using the traditional plate method according to the current methodological standards, on the day of purchase and after 24 hours of refrigerated storage of the product. A higher number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria populations were characterized by apple juices produced for retail chains, both on the day of product purchase and after 24 hour storage in refrigeration conditions in relation to private brand juices.
CULTIVATION OF LEGUME CROPS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE
Authors: Śmiglak-Krajewska Magdalena
Published: December 2018

Crop production processes are increasingly focused on the proper use of the natural environment. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper was to identify factors determining farmers' decision to cultivate legumes on their farms. Additionally it was decided to estimate economic benefits resulting from atmospheric nitrogen fixing by plants. The value of economic benefits was calculated by multiplying the price per kg of pure nitrogen and the amount of nitrogen fixed in the soil after the crop residues are ploughed. This paper relies on empirical studies which covered 180 selected legume farms across the country. As shown by the calculation, the value of biological benefits for the cultivation of peas was 140 PLN/ha and 58 PLN/ha more for lupins. The farmers surveyed cited improved soil texture and the beneficial impact of legumes on the yield of subsequent crops as the main reason for introducing legumes into their cropping patterns.
Bismuth Toxicity Presenting as Declining Mobility and Falls
Authors: Hogan David B. , Harbidge Cathy , Duncan Amy
Published: December 2018

A 77-year old woman presented with a history of falls. Known health problems included biopsy-proven collagenous colitis treated with bismuth subsalicylate. On examination, in addition to impaired balance and gait, she was found to have tremors and cognitive deficits. Investigations revealed a markedly elevated urinary bismuth level. Withdrawal of bismuth subsalicylate led to marked cognitive and physical improvement.
Building Capacity in Long-Term Care: Supporting Homes to Provide Intravenous Therapy
Authors: Papaioannou Alexandra , Hazzan Afeez Abiola , Ioannidis George , O'Donnell Denis , Broadhurst Daphne , Navare Hrishikesh , Hillier Loretta M. , Simpson Diane , Loeb Mark
Published: December 2018

BackgroundTypically, long-term care home (LTCH) residents are transferred to hospital to access intravenous (IV) therapy. The aim of this study was to pilot-test an in-home IV therapy service, and to de-scribe outcomes and key informants’ perceptions of this service.MethodThis service was pilot-tested in four LTCH in the Hamilton-Niagara region, Ontario. Interviews were conducted with six caregivers of residents who received IV therapy and ten key informants representing LTC home staff and service partners to assess their perceptions of the service. A chart review was conducted to describe the resident population served and service implementation.ResultsTwelve residents received IV therapy. This service potentially avoided nine emergency department visits and reduced hospital lengths of stay for three residents whose IV therapy was initi-ated in hospital. There were no adverse events. The service was well received by caregivers and key informants, as it provided care in a familiar environment and was perceived to be lessstressful and better quality care than when provided in hospital. ConclusionIV therapy is feasible to implement in LTCHs, particularly when there are supportive resources available and clinical pathways to support decision-making. This service has the potential to increase capacity in LTCHs to provide medical care.
The effect of basic psychological needs and exposure to idealised Facebook images on university students’ body satisfaction
Authors: Brichacek Anna , Neill James , Murray Kristen
Published: December 2018

Exposure to ideal body types in the media has been consistently linked to reduced body satisfaction. Images posted on social networking sites may also impact body satisfaction by portraying idealised standards of physical attractiveness promoted by peers. This study draws on self-determination theory to examine whether satisfaction of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) protects against the negative effect of viewing Facebook images depicting an ideal body type on body satisfaction. Female (n = 141) and male (n = 48) university students were randomly assigned to view either a body-ideal image or a travel image presented on a mock Facebook profile. Viewing body-ideal imagery resulted in significantly lower body satisfaction compared to viewing travel imagery (d = -0.37). Satisfaction of the needs for autonomy and competence predicted higher baseline body satisfaction; however, none of the psychological needs protected against the negative effect of viewing body-ideal imagery on body satisfaction. Limitations included brief exposure to a single Facebook image and use of a convenience sample. Future research may benefit from measuring body image-specific rather than general psychological need satisfaction to predict state changes in body satisfaction.
The identification of the species of the ‘Spilogona contractifrons species-group’ and the ‘Spilogona nitidicauda species-group’ (Diptera, Muscidae) based on morphological and molecular analysis
Authors: Sorokina Vera S. , Shaikevich Elena V.
Published: December 2018

Muscid species of the ‘Spilogona contractifrons species-group’ (Spilogona alticola (Malloch, 1920), S. arctica (Zetterstedt, 1838), S. contractifrons (Zetterstedt, 1838), S. orthosurstyla Xue & Tian, 1988) and of the ‘Spilogona nitidicauda species-group’ (S. nitidicauda (Schnabl, 1911), S. hissarensis Hennig, 1959, S. imitatrix (Malloch, 1921), S. platyfrons Sorokina, 2018) are notoriously difficult to distinguish. In this paper, their morphological features are analysed, images of the male head, frons and abdomen of all the species are given, and the male terminalia are figured. The study of extensive material has shown that all the morphologically recognised species in each of these groups are valid species. An identification key is provided for both groups of species. To confirm the morphological differences, genetic differences in the cytochrome oxidase I gene of flies of the ‘Spilogona contractifrons species-group’ and of the ‘Spilogona nitidicauda species-group’ were analysed. It is shown that members of both groups of species have not only distinguishing morphological characters but also fixed substitutions in the DNA sequences. Since a low interspecific polymorphism is known in the Muscidae Latreille, 1802, the revealed genetic distances confirm the existence of separate species or subspecies in each of the groups studied.
EDITORIAL - DOSSIÊ TEMÁTICO – CIDADES E MOVIMENTOS SOCIOCULTURAIS
Authors: Kocourek Sheila
Published: December 2018

Este segundo número de 2018 da Revista Sociais e Humanas (RSH), a qual é vinculada ao Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Agradecemos a todos que colaboraram para a formação desta edição e contamos com a continuidade de suas contribuições, por meio de submissões de artigos, pareceres, revisões, divulgação de pesquisas e produções artísticas científicas. Deste modo estaremos cumprindo nosso maior objetivo que é socializar e divulgar o conhecimento e reflexões das diferentes áreas que compõem as Ciências Sociais e Humanas. Chegamos ao volume 31, número 2/2018, da RSH, no qual apresentaremos 14 publicações, divididas em: Dossiê Temático – Cidades e Movimentos Socioculturais – (4 artigos); Artigos Livres (9 artigos); e Produção Artístico Científica (01 artigo).
Devotional Tattooes in Early Modern Italy = Tatuajes devocionales en la Italia de la Edad Moderna
Authors: Guerzoni Guido
Published: December 2018

This essay seeks to analyze the production and dissemination of devotional tattoos in Early Modern times, focusing on the Italian case. It explores the details of their functions and meanings, and their intellectual reception. Nineteenth century theories stated that tattoos appeared in Europe only after the travels of Cook and Bouganville to savage Polynesia. There are many reasons to state that tattoos never disappeared in Italy though. In the Roman Empire tattoo was considered «an indelible mark of infamy», while «tattooing of the whole body», was known as the «barbarian» custom. Between the fourth and the fifth century, the world of Christianity witnessed a progressive subversion of meanings originally approved for that practice of tattoo, by externalizing the signs of pain, transforming the figure of infamy in the patent expression of faith. Despite ambiguous attitude of Catholic authorities towards tattooing, this practice was a public ritual and this publicity was continually reiterated, revealing a social belonging. Este ensayo pretende analizar la producción y difusión de los tatuajes devocionales en la Edad Moderna, con especial atención a Italia. Explora los detalles sobre sus funciones y significados, así como su recepción intelectual. Las teorías decimonónicas situaban la aparición de los tatuajes en Europa en un contexto posterior a los viajes de Cook y Bouganville a la Polinesia salvaje. Sin embargo, hay muchos motivos para creer que los tatuajes nunca desaparecieron de Italia. En tiempos del imperio romano el tatuaje fue considerado una «señal de infamia» y tatuarse el cuerpo, una práctica «bárbara». Entre los siglos IV y V, el cristianismo fue testigo de una progresiva transformación de los significados originalmente atribuidos a los tatuajes: se vivió un proceso de externalización de las señales del dolor y de transformación de la original infamia en una expresión de fe. Pese a las actitudes ambiguas que siempre mostraron las autoridades católicas hacia el tatuaje, esta práctica se convirtió en una ritual público y su visibilidad fue perpetuada, revelando un sentido identitario de pertenencia a un grupo.
Regiones y transferencias en el camino del Neolítico ibérico: el caso de las armaduras líticas
Authors: Alday Ruiz Alfonso
Published: December 2018

We analyze the evolution of the geometric proyectiles at the end of the Mesolithic and the beginnings of the Neolithic: this study is carried out region by region with special attention is given to the segments with retouch helwan. It is observed that during the Mesolithic is a shared evolution in the whole of the Iberian Peninsula and, at the same time, a regionalization according to the preferences by some or other types. During the Neolithic it renews the lithic industry, also the geometrics models. Again, there is a peninsular regionalization: affects to the lithic industry and to the other elements of material culture. Complementarily several examples of transfers are known. In this sense, the helwan segments identify the first Neolithic of, at least, the western half of the Ebro basin, the southwestern France and much of the peninsular interior. As a result of the Neolithic transferences, will also be known in the eastern half of the Ebro Basin and on the Mediterranean coast, at the Neolithic advanced times.
Un sello inédito sobre dolium del Municipium Cascantum (Cascante, Navarra)
Authors: Gómara Miramón Marta , Andreu Pintado Javier , Serrano Arnáez Begoña , Santos Horneros Ángel , Bonilla Santander Óscar , Pérez Aranda Miriam
Published: December 2018

En este trabajo damos a conocer un contexto arqueológico de una de las villae que dibujaron el paisaje rural en el Valle del Queiles durante época altoimperial romana. Se trata del yacimiento arqueológico de “Piecordero I” que está siendo excavado ininterrumpidamente desde el año 2007; las numerosas campañas de prospección y excavación arqueológica realizadas nos están permitiendo conocer la cultura material de este tipo de asentamientos en el  ager de Cascantum, así como la articulación de la sociedad que la habitó. El estudio se centra en un sello sobre dolia  inédito localizado en la pars rustica, que nos aporta nuevos datos sobre la élite local y el paisaje productivo agrícola en época Altoimperial.
Campos de Batalla en Gallegos de Argañán, Salamanca, ss XVII – XIX. Primera fase.
Authors: González García Clemente
Published: December 2018

Se presentan parte de los resultados obtenidos en la prospección intensiva con detector de metales, desarrollada en Gallegos de Argañán, Salamanca, con objeto de documentar restos asociados a conflictos bélicos de diversa cronología. En especial un enfrentamiento entre fuerzas napoleónicas del general Junot y tropas británicas de la División Ligera al mando del general Robert Craufurd. La prospección ha permitido documentar cientos de objetos metálicos, y gracias a ello identificar diversos entornos espaciales, que van desde un asentamiento romano tardoimperial, hasta zonas de campamento de tropas y áreas donde se produjeron combates. El trabajo se enmarca dentro de la arqueología histórica y de los campos de batalla
Voltage-dependent dynamics of the BK channel cytosolic gating ring are coupled to the membrane-embedded voltage sensor
Authors: Miranda Pablo , Holmgren Miguel , Giraldez Teresa
Published: December 2018

In humans, large conductance voltage- and calcium-dependent potassium (BK) channels are regulated allosterically by transmembrane voltage and intracellular Ca2+. Divalent cation binding sites reside within the gating ring formed by two Regulator of Conductance of Potassium (RCK) domains per subunit. Using patch-clamp fluorometry, we show that Ca2+ binding to the RCK1 domain triggers gating ring rearrangements that depend on transmembrane voltage. Because the gating ring is outside the electric field, this voltage sensitivity must originate from coupling to the voltage-dependent channel opening, the voltage sensor or both. Here we demonstrate that alterations of the voltage sensor, either by mutagenesis or regulation by auxiliary subunits, are paralleled by changes in the voltage dependence of the gating ring movements, whereas modifications of the relative open probability are not. These results strongly suggest that conformational changes of RCK1 domains are specifically coupled to the voltage sensor function during allosteric modulation of BK channels.
Changes in intentional binding effect during a novel perceptual-motor task
Authors: Morioka Shu , Hayashida Kazuki , Nishi Yuki , Negi Sayaka , Nishi Yuki , Osumi Michihiro , Nobusako Satoshi
Published: December 2018

Perceptual-motor learning describes the process of improving the smoothness and accuracy of movements. Intentional binding (IB) is a phenomenon whereby the length of time between performing a voluntary action and the production of a sensory outcome during perceptual-motor control is perceived as being shorter than the reality. How IB may change over the course of perceptual-motor learning, however, has not been explicitly investigated. Here, we developed a set of IB tasks during perceptual-motor learning. Participants were instructed to stop a circular moving object by key press when it reached the center of a target circle on the display screen. The distance between the center of the target circle and the center of the moving object was measured, and the error was used to approximate the perceptual-motor performance index. This task also included an additional exercise that was unrelated to the perceptual-motor task: after pressing the key, a sound was presented after a randomly chosen delay of 200, 500, or 700 ms and the participant had to estimate the delay interval. The difference between the estimated and actual delay was used as the IB value. A cluster analysis was then performed using the error values from the first and last task to group the participants based on their perceptual-motor performance. Participants showing a very small change in error value, and thus demonstrating a small effect of perceptual-motor learning, were classified into cluster 1. Those who exhibited a large decrease in error value from the first to the last set, and thus demonstrated a strong improvement in perceptual-motor performance, were classified into cluster 2. Those who exhibited perceptual-motor learning also showed improvements in the IB value. Our data suggest that IB is elevated when perceptual-motor learning occurs.
Carbon–Heteroatom Bond Formation Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine
Authors: Romero R. Martin , Muñiz Kilian
Published: December 2018

This chapter describes the recent progress in hypervalent iodine‐mediated oxidative Csp, Csp2, and Csp3transformations for carbon–heteroatom bond formation. The individual reactions are discussed with a focus on mechanistic details, and emphasis is made to the nature of the employed hypervalent iodine reagents.
Selective Laser Melting of Gas Atomized Al–3.02Mg–0.2Sc–0.1Zr Alloy Powder: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Li Ruidi , Chen Hui , Chen Chao , Zhu Hongbin , Wang Minbo , Yuan Tiechui , Song Bo
Published: December 2018

Additive manufactured Sc modified Al alloys for lightweight application is now arousing widespread attraction. The selective laser melting (SLM) of gas atomized Al–3.02Mg–0.2Sc–0.1Zr powder is studied, with the emphasis on its densification, microstructure, and properties. The intrigued finding is that the very high elongation‐to‐failure of 32.5% is obtained with medium tensile strength of 373 MPa after heat treatment of SLM sample. The average relative density is about 98.3% at a volumetric energy density range of (VED) 42–111 J mm−3. The microstructure of produced sample shows cracks but it can be inhibited by increasing the VED. At an excessive VED, the weld pool is transformed from heat conduction to keyhole mode owing to the metal evaporation. Nano‐sized Al3(Sc,Zr) precipitates with a diameter of 5–50 nm are observed, which is responsible for the main strengthening mechanism. The underlying mechanisms of metallurgical defects, weld pool mode and mechanical properties are also illuminated.
Hierarchical Ni(OH)2‐MnO2 Array as Supercapacitor Electrode with High Capacity
Authors: Li Jiangwei , Wei Chengbo , Sun Yanfang , Liu Qingyun , Zhang Xiao , Guo Jinxue
Published: December 2018

Nanoarray electrodes with highly capacitive materials and specific architectures are hopeful to realize advanced supercapacitor performance. The nickel foam (NF) supported hierarchical nanosheet array electrode is fabricated through a template route toward excellent capacitive supercapacitor. The hierarchical nanosheet array weaved with Ni(OH)2‐MnO2 nanowires provides multiple advantages for porous feature, high surface area, and fast charge transfer. The neighbored Ni(OH)2‐MnO2 supplies lattice fringes distortion as additional active sites as well as synergism, for improved capacitive performances. As expected, the Ni(OH)2‐MnO2/NF electrode manifests high specific capacitance of 14.7 F cm−2 at 2.5 mA cm−2 and good cyclic stability, making it hopeful for highly capacitive supercapacitor application.
Highly Sensitive, Affordable, and Adaptable Refractive Index Sensing with Silicon‐Based Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Ollanik Adam J. , Oguntoye Isaac O. , Hartfield George Z. , Escarra Matthew D.
Published: December 2018

A sensing platform is presented that uses dielectric Huygens source metasurfaces to measure refractive index changes in a microfluidic channel with experimentally measured sensitivity of 323 nm RIU−1, a figure of merit (FOM) of 5.4, and a response of 8.2 (820%) change in transmittance per refractive index unit (T/RIU). Changes in the refractive index of liquids flown through the channel are measured by single‐wavelength transmittance measurement, requiring only a simple light source and photodetector, significantly reducing device expense in comparison to state‐of‐the‐art refractive index sensing technologies. A technoeconomic analysis predicts a device costing ≈$2400 that is capable of detecting refractive index changes of the order of 2*10−8. The metasurfaces utilized are low profile, scalable, and use materials and fabrication processes compatible with CMOS and other technologies making them suitable for device integration. The Huygens metasurface system, characterized by spectrally overlapping electric and magnetic dipole modes, offers a high degree of customizability. Interplay between the two resonances may be controlled via metasurface geometry, leading to tunability of device sensitivity and measurement range. Ultrahigh sensitivity of 350 nm RIU−1 with FOM of 219, corresponding to single‐wavelength sensitivity of 360 RIU−1, is demonstrated computationally through use of antisymmetric resonances of a Huygens metasurface illuminated at small incidence angles.
Chiral events in developing gametophores of Physcomitrella patens and other moss species are driven by an unknown, universal direction‐sensing mechanism
Authors: Zagórska‐Marek Beata , Sokołowska Katarzyna , Turzańska Magdalena
Published: December 2018

Premise of the Study

We used the model species Physcomitrella patens to examine chirality in moss gametophores. Chirality is manifested in the direction of consecutive apical cell divisions, cell plate configurations, and deviations of leaf connecting lines from the vertical course. However, the frequencies of chiral configurations of all these processes as well as their mutual dependence—especially in the case of gametophore branching—are not known. Other moss species were checked to determine the universality of our findings.

Methods

The gametophore structure of Physcomitrella patens grown in the laboratory under controlled conditions was investigated using light microscopy and compared with that of other moss species collected from their natural stands.

Key Results

In all investigated moss species, the tetrahedral apical cell exhibits either clockwise or counterclockwise consecutive divisions, and selection of this directionality in the primary axis is random. It is, however, related to cell plate configuration. If the plate is skewed, leaf‐producing segments arising from the apical cell cleavage exhibit circumferential rotation. Three parallel lines connecting the leaves deviate from a vertical course, but always in the same direction as that of leaf initiation; thus, the angular distance between consecutive leaves increases to >120°. Lateral branches are exclusively antidromous.

Conclusions

Gametophore chiral configuration appears to be useful in resolving problems of moss modular growth and branching. Morphological and anatomical evidence strongly suggests that an unknown direction‐sensing mechanism controls the development of moss axial organs. We propose that leaves are responsible for a horizontal gradient of sugar signals that develops along the gametophore circumference, thus influencing branching‐unit chirality.
The role of sleeping sites in the predator‐prey dynamics of leopards and olive baboons
Authors: Bidner Laura R. , Matsumoto‐Oda Akiko , Isbell Lynne A.
Published: December 2018

Predation is widely recognized as an important selective pressure on prey animals such as baboons (Papio spp.), which face high leopard (Panthera pardus) predation risk, particularly at night. Baboons regularly sleep on cliff faces and in trees at night, ostensibly to avoid such predators. Despite retreating to such “refuges,” baboons are most often killed by leopards at or near their sleeping sites. Because of the challenges of studying nocturnal behavior and human‐averse predators, few systematic data exist to reveal how leopard ranging near baboon sleeping sites influences baboons’ selection of sites and behavior at those sites. To investigate leopard‐baboon dynamics at sleeping sites we deployed GPS/VHF radio collars on six representatives of four baboon groups and four leopards during a 14‐month field study in Kenya. We used locations recorded every 15 min to identify baboons’ cliffside and riverine sleeping sites, the frequency and duration of leopard visits to these sites, and baboons’ adjustments in site use after leopard visits. Collared leopards visited riverine sites more frequently than cliffside sites, whereas most baboon groups strongly preferred cliffside sites, suggesting that leopard visits were often due to factors other than baboon presence, and that baboons used cliffside sites to reduce their risk of leopard predation. Regardless of type, collared leopards remained near baboon‐occupied sleeping sites longer than vacant ones, indicating interest in hunting baboons then. Baboons at riverine sites departed later on mornings after leopard visits. Baboon groups occasionally shared sleeping sites simultaneously, possibly reducing risk through dilution. However, they did not reduce risk by frequently changing sleeping sites, minimizing detection at sleeping sites, or after leopard visits, arriving earlier the next evening or moving to a different site. Future research should explore if baboons readily detect nocturnal leopard presence and if predation‐related changes in sleeping site use have cascading ecological effects.
Sleeping site and tree selection by Sichuan snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Baihe Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China
Authors: Chu Yuan‐meng‐ran , Sha John Chih Mun , Kawazoe Tatsuro , Dong Xin
Published: December 2018

For non‐human primates to optimize their survival chances, sleeping site selection is crucial as they spend much of their time sleeping. We studied sleeping site and tree selection by a group of wild Sichuan snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the temperate forests of Baihe Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China, to assess if certain site and tree characteristics were selected. We identified a total of 39 sleeping sites and 111 sleeping trees over a period of 1 year. We compared nine sleeping site and six sleeping tree variables related to the environment, habitat, and vegetation structure. We found that certain characteristics of sleeping sites and sleeping trees predicted their selection by R. roxellana. On a larger spatial scale, sleeping sites were selected based mainly on four factors: canopy height, slope direction, slope gradient, and vegetation type. They also selected sites with trees that were taller and larger, had larger crown diameters and higher bole branches. On a smaller spatial scale, they selected larger trees with larger crown diameters. The selection of these characteristics could be explained in terms of predator avoidance and thermoregulation efficiency, although it was difficult to delineate which was more important. This could be due to some characteristics of R. roxellana, that is, large groups living in temperate climates, which required a balanced strategy for sleeping site and tree selection in order to optimize their survival chances.
Hin und zurück – die Entwicklung von LiNiO2 als Kathodenaktivmaterial
Authors: Bianchini Matteo , Roca‐Ayats Maria , Hartmann Pascal , Brezesinski Torsten , Janek Jürgen
Published: December 2018

Wir geben in diesem Aufsatz einen umfassenden Überblick über LiNiO2 (LNO), fast 30 Jahre nach seiner ursprünglichen Einführung als Kathodenaktivmaterial. Ziel ist es, diejenigen physikalisch‐chemischen Eigenschaften hervorzuheben, die LNO in jeder Hinsicht zu einem komplexen Material machen. Der Effekt der Lithium‐Nichtstöchiometrie (Li1−zNi1+zO2) spielt hierbei eine wichtige Rolle. Sie beeinflusst jede Eigenschaft von LNO, besonders das elektrochemische Verhalten. Die wichtigsten Instabilitätsprobleme, die das Material beeinträchtigen, und die Strategien, die bislang implementiert wurden, um diese Probleme zu lösen, werden im Detail diskutiert. Schließlich werden die wichtigsten offenen Fragen, die vor einer nachhaltigen Nutzung von LNO noch zu klären sind, zusammengefasst, und es wird erläutert, welche Forschungsrichtungen vielversprechend sind, um das volle Potential von LNO zu nutzen.