bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Motivation in Second Language Learning in King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shamiry Rafiq , Fuad Mohammad Al
Published: October 2020

This paper attempts to shed light on Saudi college students’ internal motivational set up and how it negatively impacts their learning outcomes at the tertiary level at King Khalid University. To investigate that, a questionnaire that consists of ten questions was conducted on 90 (ninety) students selected from level four and eight in the Department of English of the same university. The responses of the learners indicate that the majority of the respondents are not highly motivated and chose English as a major- for their B.A. course- against their will as there were no other alternatives for several reasons. The results show- not surprisingly though- that most of the students are driven by extrinsic motivation to study English in order to get good jobs.The statistics obtained from the Department, of deprived and withdrawn students are quite high and that confirm the researchers' hypothesis of students' demotivation in the Department of English. Finally, researchers have suggested some remedial academic initiatives to help these undergraduate Saudi students in the Department of English at King Khalid University to overcome the difficulties and problems resulting from extrinsic motivation and showing ways of attaining positive (intrinsic) motivational make up that initiates true, life-long learning.
Culture in Second or Foreign Language Acquisition
Authors: Yu Rongmei
Published: October 2020

Many theorists have pointed out that in real world communication, the usage of a language is always colored by a cultural norm so that the language used in communication can be understood by the majority of a cultural community or society. The relationship between language usage and cultural norms or pragmatic rules can never be broken in communication. In cross-cultural communication, the differences in pragmatic rules, communicative strategies, cross-cultural psychology among other may become problematic areas in learning a second or foreign language. Consequently, making the differences known to both learners and teachers is of paramount importance in teaching and learning a second or foreign language. By addressing and discussing some cultural-specific factors in teaching and learning a second or foreign language, this thesis aims to provide useful learning factors in which learners frame meaning in a second or foreign language and thus emphasize the importance of teaching culture to second or foreign language learners, it also tentatively provide some instructional strategies for teaching culture in second or foreign language acquisition (SLA/FLA) classroom.
Between Statements and Actions: A Speech Act Analysis of President Buhari’s Media Political Discourses
Authors: Aboh Sopuruchi Christian , Agbedo Chris Uchenna
Published: October 2020

The study of Buhari’s statements on “jailing of more thieves,” “rule of law should be subjected to national interest,” and “being fair in federal appointments” seem not to have been approached from speech act perspective. As such, this paper analyses the locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and the perlocutionary effects of Buhari’s statements on the above subject matters. The data were obtained from the online version of Nigerian Dailies. Austin’s speech acts theory serves as the theoretical framework for data analysis. The findings of the study reveal that Buhari’s statement on “jailing of more thieves” is based on fact that he has already jailed some high-profile Nigerians since he was elected as the President of Nigeria. The findings of the study reveal the locutionary and illocutionary acts of Buhari’s statements. The study also shows how Buhari’s statements abided by or flouted Austinian felicity conditions. The perlocutionary effects of the statements were also identified.
Linguistic Landscape for Korean Learning: A Survey of Perception, Attitude, and Practice of Korean Beginners at a Korean University
Authors: Qi Wenjin , Zhang Heng , Sorokina Nadezda
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to investigate the perception of, attitude to and practice of linguistic landscape for Korean learning among the international Korean beginners. A questionnaire as a self-assessment instrument was given to a group of 41 international university students with lower Korean language proficiency studying in a Korean university. The descriptive statistics indicated that for perception, although they pay attention to English the most, they could also notice Korean and Romanized Korean on the linguistic landscape (LL). They are positive to the LL as authentic input for Korean learning in terms of attitude. What is more, they could use the LL to enhance their Korean learning particularly in practicing pronunciation and enriching vocabulary, with relatively less practice on grammar checking. This study attested the previous studies concerning the LL as an authentic source for language learning on the one hand, and on the other hand, it showed that even without guidance from the teachers in formal settings, the students could also spontaneously use the LL to learn the Korean language in natural settings.
Research on Junior High School English Reading Class Based on the Principle of Timing and Thorndike’s Three Laws of Learning
Authors: Ni Yefan , Lu Jingjing
Published: October 2020

Thorndike was a famous American psychologist in the early 20th century. Based on the hungry cat box experiment, he proposed three famous learning laws in 1911: The Law of Readiness, the Law of Exercise and the Law of Effect. With the reform of contemporary education -- the rise of quality-oriented education and the popularity of task-based teaching, Thorndike's three Laws of Learning have played an important theoretical support for our contemporary research. At the same time, we also see a huge research prospect and correlation between educational psychology and English teaching methods. This paper intends to study the efficiency and interesting teaching of a junior English reading class, and solve the research problems caused by the combination of Thorndike's three Laws of Learning and the principle of timing. By using the methods of questionnaires and interview, the author collected the effective data and information concerning high efficiency and interesting learning in junior high school English reading class.
Application of Compensatory Translation Approach to English Idioms
Authors: Chen Linli
Published: October 2020

Idioms, the gems of a language, best reflect the national characteristics embodied in a language and always have rich national flavor and cultural connotation. It is not easy to translate idioms since not all English idioms have equivalents in Chinese idioms mainly due to cultural differences. There are six translation approaches in translating English idioms into Chinese: compensatory translation, literal translation, free translation, borrowing, integrated approach, explanational translation. This paper aims to propose the compensatory translation approach, one of the important and indispensable tactics to Chinese translation of English idioms based on Eugene A. Nida’s equivalence view. It is worth discussing on compensatory translation approach to English idioms from cultural perspective so as to better understand the application of this tactic, hoping to cast some enlightenment on further research in this area.
Research into the Usage of the Word “Otherwise” for Chinese College Students
Authors: Zeng Xiu
Published: October 2020

The word “otherwise” has long been viewed as a challenge to most Chinese college students, for it often changes in the way that it is used and understood. By taking a careful study of the word itself and the context where the word is used, this paper tries to explore the possible uses and interpretations of the word “otherwise” to help Chinese students better understand it in different contexts, and then to offer the suggested solutions to the improvement in the proper understanding and use of the word.
The Comparison of Physical Activity Profiles of Elementary School Students in Urban and Rural Areas During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rahmansyah Fauzi , Budiana Dian , Stephani Mesa Rahmi
Published: October 2020

In the midst of COVID-19 pandemic, the role of Physical Education is unseen. The physical activity of the student decreases due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this research was to find out the differences of physical activity between the elementary school students in urban areas and rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research used a survey method. The population of the study were elementary school students in urban and rural areas. The subjects of the study were 110 students, 55 students as urban area subjects and 55 students as rural area subjects. The data gained by the researcher were primer data obtained from questionnaires distributed directly. During filling in the questionnaire, the students were assisted and helped by parents. The data were analyzed by the percentage technique. The result of this research concludes that there was a physical activity profiles differences of elementary school students in urban and rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the result of the study can be a depiction of physical activity condition during Covid-19 pandemic. The result of the study could inform parents and teachers to pay attention to the moderate physical activity for the students.
Nutrition Education for Preventing Stunting in Elementary Schools: A Systematic Review
Authors: Syihab Syifa , Kumalasari Isti
Published: October 2020

Stunting has become a major problem in developing countries. The government has formulated various strategies to decrease the stunting prevalence in Indonesia. However, the number of programs to be implemented on the school aged children is scarce. Stunting in the school age can affect the productivity, motor development, and vulnerability from communicable diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify journals related to the nutrition education in preventing stunting in elementary schools. The study was a systematic review about nutrition education to prevent stunting in elementary school. There were 5 articles analyzed from the result of Google Scholar search, published from 2018 to 2020. The review focused on the type of intervention, goal, and effectiveness of the intervention. The result of the study showed that nutrition education could improve a short term knowledge. However, it had not been able to change the behavior and practice of healthy dietary habit. Nutrition education given to the teachers could improve their skills in assessing student nutritional status, thus an early detection can be administered well. A more comprehensive intervention, besides nutrition education, in preventing stunting in elementary school is needed.
Adaptive Physical Education Teachers' Profile in Indonesia: The Opportunity of Improving Adaptive Physical Education Status
Authors: Mahendra Agus , Budiman Didin , Stephani Mesa Rahmi , Suntoda Andi , Budiana Dian , Lubay Lukmanul Hakim , Slamet Suherman , Sumarno Gano , Wibowo Ricky , Putri Wulandari , Anira Anira , Nugroho Wildan Alfia
Published: October 2020

Concerns to children with disabilities in terms of their needs for moving and level of physical activity have not been supported by a teacher supply system that is appropriate for their field of study, namely adaptive physical education teachers. This study is aimed at portraying teachers’ profiles of Adaptive Physical Education in special schools in Indonesia. The data collection was carried out by means of questionnaires and articulated with the descriptive approach. The result of the study reveals that the number of specialist teachers with physical education backgrounds is still meager, which is only around 38 percent, compared to those who graduated from Special Education Program, which more than 60.5 percent. The majority of the teachers have never been given a chance to improve their PE teaching competency in the form of training (86,4 percent). It is recommended that there should be an openness from those working in special schools and the Ministry of Education and Culture of the urgent need for this adaptive physical education teacher.  The statement will encourage the evolve of national urgency and drive all the stakeholders to respond to it institutionally, for instance by opening the program for adaptive physical education or at least to pave the way with initially offering concentration for this adaptive PE under the generic PE program.
Pensamiento y convivencia entre géneros: coeducación para prevenir la violencia
Authors: Gallardo-López José Alberto , López-Noguero Fernando , Gallardo-Vázquez Pedro
Published: October 2020

Con el fin de poder abordar y replantear la educación, desde un aprendizaje en común y en igualdad, se llevó a cabo un estudio que permitiera una aproximación a los paradigmas de pensamiento de los/as jóvenes, que diera pie a una posterior intervención coeducativa en los centros educativos. La investigación parte de una metodología cuantitativa, se aplicó la escala School Doing Gender/Students-Escala de Actitudes del Alumnado hacia la Coeducación (García et al. 2010) a una muestra compuesta por 366 adolescentes de cuarto curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de centros públicos de Sevilla (España). Se analizaron los datos obtenidos atendiendo a tres dimensiones principales: sociocultural, relacional y personal. Los resultados aportan datos significativos en función de la variable género, relacionados con el reparto de responsabilidades (familiares y domésticas), mandatos sociales, estereotipos, roles y relaciones de género, liderazgo, afectividad, violencia de género, creencias, expectativas e identidad de género.
The Design of A Telegram IoT-based Chicken Coop Monitoring and Controlling System
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Malang, Adinegoro Prasetyo , Habbani Muhammad Hisyam ,   Universitas Negeri Malang, Karimah Robiatul Akhlakul ,   Universitas Negeri Malang, Laksono Yoyok Adisetio ,   Universitas Negeri Malang
Published: October 2020

Less ideal chicken coop condition is one reason for the low productivity of chickens in Indonesia. Based on this condition, breeders need monitoring and control devices that can be used easily anywhere and anytime. In this study, the monitoring and control devices based on the Internet of Things (IoT) were successfully designed using the ESP8266 microcontroller. The monitoring system used a DHT11 temperature sensor while the controller used a bulb and fan as the actuator. Monitoring data and control commands were displayed via Telegram. Coop testing was carried out with three different treatments-the light was on, the fan was on, and both were on-resulting in temperature and humidity measurement data ranging from 24–32 ºC and 61–78%, respectively. Therefore, this monitoring and control device can prevent the conditions of the chicken coop that are ideal less so that chickens' productivity increases.
Control of Air Pressurizer Levels on Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) with Fractional Order PID Control System
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Damayanti Rissa , Halim Abdul ,   Universitas Indonesia, Bakhri Syaiful ,   National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)
Published: October 2020

The water level control system in the pressurizer is carried out for safety purposes when the PWR reactor is operating. Control is done by maintaining the water level in the pressurizer at a certain level. The height of the water level in the pressurizer will change according to the conditions of the nuclear reactor. This research aimed to obtain the best safety control system using the fractional order PID (FOPID) control system and prove that using the control system will provide better results than other existing system applications. In this research, the optimum gain control of FOPID is obtained with Kp equals 416.4, Ki equals 416.4, Kd equals 104.1, constitutes integral equals 0.15, and derivative order equals 1.9, which results in 324 times faster settling time and maximum overshoot 1.5 times lower when compared to conventional PID controllers combined with CMAC.
COVID-19 and children
Authors: Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Baranov A. A.
Published: October 2020

In December 2019, the world became aware of an epidemic of a very severe infection caused by a new coronavirus. Later, WHO declared a pandemic. The pediatricians were ready for the worst. The novel infection was expected to promptly spread among the most vulnerable population, children. But the clinicians soon understood that the situation is unbelievable: adults develop severe disease and die, while the children remain almost excluded from the infection spreading. 9 months have passed in the “new reality”. The humankind was learning to respond to the new infection challenge by empirical search for the potential therapeutic and diagnostic solutions and conducting wide clinical studies in parallel. A few questions have been answered because of consolidated and/or isolated actions of researchers and clinicians at the national, regional, and international levels. However, most aspects of how the new coronavirus affects the humans, including children, is still unclear and our knowledge of these aspects cannot be transferred in the routine practice. This review presents latest understanding of the course of the novel coronavirus infection in children, its treatment and outcomes.
An unusual course of COVID-19 infection with late increase in C-reactive protein (clinical case reports)
Authors: Chikina S. Yu. , Brovko M. Yu. , Royuk V. V. , Avdeev S. N.
Published: October 2020

Clinical signs of COVID-19 infection are non-specific and diagnosis is typically based on comprehensive evaluation of the patient’s history, clinical status, radiological and laboratory findings. A common finding in COVID-19 patients is increased C-reactive protein (CRP), though in some patients, CRP remains within normal range notwithstanding the presence of other criteria of severe disease. We describe two clinical cases of COVID-19 with severe bilateral pneumonia and late increase in CRP. Similar cases re quite challenging for making the diagnosis and indicating the antiinflammatory therapy.
Maloclusão e prematuridade ao nascimento
Authors: Spezzia Sérgio
Published: October 2020

Recém-nascidos nascidos prematuramente correspondem aos nascimentos com menos de 37 semanas de gestação. Existem algumas características intrínsecas aos prematuros que atuam no Sistema Estomatognático, desencadeando a má oclusão. O objetivo deste artigo foi averiguar as influências que a prematuridade ao nascimento pode gerar em âmbito odontológico, mais especificamente, desencadeando a má oclusão. Realizou-se busca nas bases de dados: Google Acadêmico e PubMED. No Google Acadêmico empregou-se a expressão de busca: nascimento prematuro and má oclusão and odontologia and 2014 and 2015 and 2016 and 2017 and 2018. No PubMED empregou-se a expressão de busca: malocclusion and dentistry and born preterm. Concluiu-se que para que não conviva-se com má oclusão são necessários métodos de abordagem preventiva nos nascidos prematuros para possibilitar crescimento e desenvolvimento adequados do sistema estomatognático. O incentivo ao aleitamento materno está relacionado a influência da amamentação no peito, uma vez que caso ela não ocorra pode gerar alterações no sistema estomatognático.
Reabilitação estética anterior associando cirurgia periodontal com laminados cerâmicos : Relato de caso
Authors: Felizardo Klissia Romero , Minali Letícia , Marchi Silva Kamila Aparecida , Pfau Eduardo Augusto , Soares de Andrade Rayana , Lopes Murilo Baena
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar um caso de reabilitação estética através de laminados cerâmicos e cirurgia periodontal como forma de tratamento para a agenesia do elemento dental 22 e sorriso gengival associado à retração labial. Relato do Caso: Paciente, gênero feminino procurou a Clínica Multidisciplinar da Unipar (Sede/Umuarama) relatando insatisfação com a harmonia estética do sorriso, apresentando coroas curtas e agenesia do elemento dental 22. Com base na anatomia do contorno gengival, foi indicada cirurgia de gengivectomia (bisel interno com osteotomia) para a região ântero-superior. Através do enceramento diagnóstico projetou-se o aumento de coroa clínica, obtendo-se assim uma guia, que foi utilizado para a realização do ensaio diagnóstico intrabucal, mock-up, e auxílio na cirurgia periodontal. Após 60 dias a paciente foi encaminhada para a realização dos procedimentos restauradores com a confecção de laminados cerâmicos. Conclusão: Pôde-se concluir através dos resultados clínicos obtidos, que a atuação multidisciplinar devolveu a harmonia estética do sorriso e melhora na qualidade de vida da paciente.
Avaliação da rugosidade superficial de uma resina composta com uso de diferentes polidores
Authors: Prigol Janine , Bellan Mariá , Tomazoni Fernanda , Spazzin Aloísio Oro , Galafassi Daniel
Published: October 2020

Introdução: A rugosidade superficial é definida pela superfície de um material restaurador após as etapas de acabamento e polimento, e é afetada pelas propriedades do compósito resinoso, bem como pelos instrumentos utilizados para a realização do polimento. Objetivos: Avaliar a rugosidade superficial de uma resina composta nano-híbrida polida com diferentes sistemas de polimento por Microscopia de Força Atômica (MFA) e análise dos polidores por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Materiais e métodos: Os fatores em estudo são os sistemas de polimento em três níveis: Enhance (Dentsply), Ultra-Gloss (American Burrs) e Dura-Gloss (American Burrs). As unidades experimentais são formadas por 30 corpos de prova em resina composta convencional nano-híbrida, divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos (n=10). O Grupo G1 recebeu tratamento com o sistema de polimento de uma única etapa: Dura-Gloss; o Grupo G2, sistema de polimento de múltiplas etapas: Ultra-Gloss; e o Grupo G3 recebeu o tratamento com o sistema de polimento de uma única etapa: Enhance. A variável de resposta quantitativa se dá pela rugosidade superficial avaliada pela Microscopia de Força Atômica (MFA). Resultados: Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os sistemas de polidores Dura-Gloss e Ultra-Gloss apresentaram rugosidade superficial similar entre si (p=0,201) e diferiram estatisticamente do sistema Enhance (p=0,023, Ultra-Gloss e p=0,000, Dura-Gloss), o qual apresentou maior rugosidade superficial para a resina composta nano-híbrida. Conclusão: Os polidores Dura-Gloss e Ultra-Gloss tem maior capacidade de polimento da resina composta nano-hibrida.
Modelling and Simulation of a Fishing Rod (Flexible Link) Using Simmechanics
Authors: Patra Sukanta , Sarkhel Prasenjit , Hui Nirmal Baran , Banerjee Nilotpal
Published: October 2020

In this work, the modeling of a single-link flexible manipulator has been done using simmechanics tool of Matlab and treated as a fishing rod. An elastic string is attached to the free end of the rod. A payload is given to the open end of the string for the deflection analysis of the flexible rod. The simmechanics model of the flexible rod has been developed using the lumped parameter approach. Initially, the developed modeling technique has been validated by comparing the deflection obtained from the proposed model simulation and the conventional formulae with particular payload at the free end. Later on, to attain the fishing rod-like structure, the cross-section of the rod has been made taper towards its open end. Then, different loading conditions have been applied to the free end of the string, and the model behavior has been studied. Results obtained from the simulated model are presented and discussed under all the loading conditions.
Grid Tied Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants with Constant Power Injection Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm
Authors: Kotla Rahul Wilson , Yarlagadda Srinivasa Rao
Published: October 2020

Day to day there is an increase in installations of new Solar Photovoltaic Power plants (SPVPP’s) which directly reflects the grid. As the SPVPP’s output power is fluctuating in nature, which is directly injected to the utility grid faces the challenges like overloading. Therefore, to overcome the overloading situations of grid, its infrastructure should be replaced by higher ratings which will increase the system cost. Due to this there is a need to limit the grid injected power from SPVPP’s to overcome the overloading situations. In this article a Constant power injection (CPI) algorithm is used to control the feed in power to grid as per grid regulations. Based on the instantaneous SPVPP’s output power and power limiting value this strategy will controls the output power by switching between the incremental conductance maximum power point tracking (InC-MPPT) algorithm and CPI algorithm. The proposed InC-CPI algorithm is applied to the single phase two-stage (SPTS) systems with the working region is on the left side of maximum power point (MPP) for maintaining the system to be in stable conditions. In this article the InC-CPI and the perturb and observe (P&O)-CPI algorithms were compared, and results were analyzed. The proposed control algorithm is designed using Matlab/Simulink and the results taken for both clear and cloudy days with wide varying climatic conditions.
Posługa akolity w ujęciu duchowościowo-liturgicznym
Authors: Olech Jakub
Published: October 2020

Potrydenckie obrzędy święceń akolitatu (święcenia niższe) wskazywały na to, że akolita ma być Bożym światłem dla innych (por. Mt 5,16; Flp 2,15-16). Akolici mają też być synami światłości (por. Ef 5,8; Łk 11,36), przyobleczonymi w zbroję światła (por. Rz 13,12), a będąc gorliwymi we wszelkiej sprawiedliwości, dobroci i prawdzie, mają oświecać siebie, innych i Kościół (por. Ef 5,9). Ponadto, przynosząc do ołtarza wino i wodę, sami mają składać w ofierze życie czyste i dobre uczynki (por. Rz 12,1). Duchowość akolity w ujęciu motu proprio Ministeria quaedam i obrzędów ustanowienia akolitów polega głównie na realizacji kapłaństwa wspólnego, tak przy stole Eucharystii, jak i w życiu. Duchowość akolity można też określić mianem eucharystycznej, która polega na składaniu duchowych ofiar w życiu i we Mszy Świętej oraz łączeniu ich z uobecnioną na sposób sakramentalny jedyną ofiarą Chrystusa w każdej Eucharystii. Duchowość eucharystyczna jest zarazem duchowością komunii, wyrasta bowiem z Boga jako komunii Osób, a od strony człowieka polega na budowaniu osobistych więzi z Osobami Trójcy Świętej. Prowadzi to do solidarności i służby, czyli odkrywania ludzi jako sióstr i braci w jednym Kościele i tworzenia z nimi więzów przyjaźni i współpracy w budowaniu mistycznego Ciała Chrystusowego. Duchowość komunii polega więc na konkretnym zaangażowaniu na rzecz innych ludzi, konkretnej pomocy im oraz konkretnych działaniach mających na celu budowanie wspólnoty między ludźmi, czego źródło i szczyt znajduje się w posłudze akolity siostrom i braciom podczas Eucharystii.
W swoim Kościele Pan otworzył jego usta (por. Syr 15, 5). Orędownictwo św. Jana Apostoła i Ewangelisty w świetle formularzy mszalnych Kościoła zachodniego do Soboru Trydenckiego
Authors: Pałęcki Waldemar
Published: October 2020

Od pierwszych wieków chrześcijaństwa kult świętych był nierozdzielnie związany z misterium Chrystusa. Zwłaszcza na początku oddawano szczególną cześć Matce Jezusa i najbliższym uczniom Chrystusa Pana. Jednym z tych uczniów Pana należących do grona Dwunastu, którego kult znany był od pierwszych wieków chrześcijaństwa, jest św. Jan Ewangelista. W tradycji zachodniej obchodzono dwa święta ku Jego czci: dzień narodzin dla nieba, 27 grudnia, oraz wspomnienie poddania go torturom, 6 maja. W kształtowaniu się kultu św. Jana oprócz przekazów biblijnych ważną rolę odegrały apokryfy Nowego Testamentu. Najczęściej z biblijnych przekazów w formularzach mszalnych przywoływano powołanie św. Jana jako rybaka ludzi, jego szczególną relację z Chrystusem podczas Ostatniej Wieczerzy oraz przekazanie pod jego opiekę Matki Pana. Wskazując na Jego naukę często odwoływano się do głoszonego przez niego Odwiecznego Słowa, które od początku było u Boga. Lektura tekstów liturgicznych ku czci św. Jana Ewangelisty pozwoliła ukazać tego Świętego w misterium Kościoła jako wzór zjednoczenia z Chrystusem i Jego Matką, oraz jako orędownika w codzienności życia wiernych.
Dedičstvo sv. Cyrila a Metoda v spojení s Rádom svätého Benedikta
Authors: Ragan Gabriel
Published: October 2020

Dziedzictwo świętych Cyryla i Metodego w powiązaniu z dziełem św. Benedykta

Artykuł ukazuje stan badań dotyczących słowiańskich apostołów św. Cyryla i Metodego na Słowacji w tym czasie. Autor wskazuje na badania benedyktyńskich stanowisk Josepha Kútnika-Šmálova na Słowacji, które nie znalazły jeszcze odpowiedniego miejsca w badaniach archeologicznych. Ponadto autor opisuje trwałość dzieł Apostołów Słowian w ludach południowosłowiańskich – Słoweńców i Chorwatów, a także wkład biskupa, słowackiego pochodzenia, Andrzeja Grutki, który w 1963 r. na Soborze Watykańskim II przyczynił się do pomyślnego wprowadzenia żywych języków narodowych do Liturgii rzymskej. W artykule zostały przedstawione także mało znane Pamiątki z Freisingu (Monumenta Frisingensia) – jako przykład rejestracji tekstów słowiańskich w pismie łacińskim. Na koniec zauważono, że podczas gdy na Słowacji skutkiem działań wojsk husyckich było zniszczenie zakonu benedyktyńskiego, w Czechach nadal istniał benedyktyński klasztor słowiański. Po upadku socjalizmu benedyktyni osiedlili się z powrotem (przez Polskę) na Słowacji.

V príspevku je predstavený stav úcty slovanských apoštolov sv. Cyrila a Metoda na Slovensku v tomto čase. Poukazujeme na výskumy Jozefa Kútnika-Šmálova benediktínskych lokalít na Slovensku, ktoré zatiaľ nenašli potrebnú odozvu v archeologickom výskume. Ďalej poukazujeme na pretrvanie diela slovanských apoštolov u južných slovanských národov Slovincov a Chorvátov a tiež na príspevok biskupa slovenského pôvodu Andreja Grutku, ktorým v r. 1963 na II. vatikánskom koncile prispel k zdarnému zavedeniu živých národných jazykov do rímskej liturgie. Predstavujeme aj málo známe pamiatky z Freisingu – zápis staroslovienskych textov latinkou. Napokon konštatujeme, že kým na Slovensku účinkovaním husitských bratríckych vojsk došlo k zničeniu benediktínskej rehole, v Čechách benediktíni pôsobili ďalej a napokon po zániku socializmu sa benediktíni cez Poľsko naspäť usídlili aj na Slovensku. Napokon konštatujeme, že je potrebné vzbudiť prípravu systematickej práce na výskumoch, ktoré odhalia nepoznané súvislosti nášho národného i náboženského vývoja.
The Future and challenge of Pragmatics in English Language Teaching
Authors: Mazulfah Mazulfah
Published: October 2020

This paper demonstrates about the future and challenge of pragmatics in English language teaching. In pragmatics, meaning in communication has an important role and it can be categorized into two elements such as verbal and nonverbal. It depends on various contexts, relationship between utterers, and social factors. In English language teaching, pragmatic is very important because the four language skills in language learning such as reading writing, listening and speaking do not occur in isolation in communicative texts or activities. So through forming a good pragmatic competence for the language learner, should be considered. As English has played an indispensable role in global communication, it is important for English language users, both native and non-native, to use clear, comprehensible and educated English that allows smooth communication and avoids misunderstandings in social interactions. Pragmatic competence can facilitate language users to successfully achieve their communicative aims in intercultural communication. Consequently, pragmatic elements have noticeable important in communication between speakers because such elements can hinder inaccuracies and misunderstandings during communication so teachers should teach pragmatic competence in language English classes through different activities and tasks.Keywords: Pragmatics, English language teaching, language competencies.
An Analysis on Pragmatic Force of Declarative Utterances Used by the Main Character in Mona Lisa Smile Movie and its Implication on Language Teaching
Authors: Hakim Juhariyah Nur
Published: October 2020

This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The source of the data are document (the authentic manuscript) and video of “Mona Lisa Smile” film.  The goals of this research are (1) to identify the contexts of declarative utterances uttered by the main character (Katherine Wattson) in the film entitled “Mona Lisa Smile”, (2) to explain the pragmatic forces of declarative utterances. To find the pragmatic forces of declarative utterances in the film entitled “Mona Lisa Smile” the researcher identifies the context of each datum in declarative utterance based on Austin’s classification of act performance in language. There are 69 utterances in the film, then the researcher randomly takes 35 utterances of declarative utterances to be analyzed. The results of this research are, that (1) In every utterance, context has important role in determine the meaning of the utterance, (2) The hearer’s response to Katherine Watson’s declarative utterances varies. The hearer’s response can be in forms of a statement, question, act and sometimes silence to Katherine utterances, (3) From the 35 of declarative utterances that have been uttered by Katherine Watson there are 13 kinds of force: consisting of insisting, claiming, complaining, apologizing, requesting, appointing, ordering, warning, suggesting, blaming, sentencing, asking, and advising. The implications of this research on teaching and learning activity are, (1) the pragmatic force of declarative utterances can be used as teacher’s classroom instruction, and (2) the pragmatic force of declarative utterances can be used as a teaching material.  Keywords: pragmatic, speech act, illocution, declarative
Discourse and Power Relations: A Critical Discourse Analysis of a Pakistani Talk Show
Authors: Iqbal Nayab , Azhar Kaukab Abid , Shah Zubair Ahmed
Published: October 2020

The paper aims at studying the ways power and inequality are enacted in a Pakistani talk show aired on Capital TV on 14th August 2019. The research primarily focused on analyzing turn-taking patterns of the discussion held between the host of the program and three guests. The analysis revealed the unequal distribution of turns implying the unequal distribution of power between the host and guests as well as between the guests. The host of the program through her discourse asserted power as she was the one to control the topic of discussion throughout the program. Her power can be attributed to the power of media. Besides, one of the guest speakers, Jawwad asserted his power through his knowledge. The female speaker did not have enough representation and was not given enough chance to share her views, therefore, it can be concluded that gender was another element that played an important part in forming the power relations in the discussion that was observed.Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis, Discourse Power Relations, Media Discourse and Talk Shows, Turn-taking
Pragmatic Reference in Elvis Gbanabom Hallowell's The Dining Table
Authors: Jegede Olusegun Oladele
Published: October 2020

This study examined the pragmatic references used in Elvis Gbanabom Hallowell's poem, The Dining Table. The study adopted content analysis as its method. This involved the description and interpretation of referents (words used to refer to people, things and events in a special and indirect way) used in the poem. The poem was critically perused and the referents were identified and analysed. The referents were then interpreted and related to the ideologies expressed in the poem. The findings revealed that the poet used referents to point accusing finger to the events of war and the troubles that come with it. This was evident with the deployment of  referents such as dinner, tonight, gun wounds, desert tongues, vegetable blood, pepper, scorpions, guests, oceans of bowls, vegetables, tongues, the table, an island, guerrillas, crocodiles, surf, Alphabeta, empty palms, switchblades, silence, voices, playground, children`s toys, roadblocks, cup of life, ticks, cracked lips, milk, moon, revolutionary, Nile, tributaries, night, lovers of fire, gun wounds, boots, walk. The study concluded that the use of referents in the poem helped to express the brutality and horror of war, suffering, agony, revolution, the dark side of child soldiers, violence and blood bath. Above all, pragmatic reference helped to set the gloomy mood and sad tone of the poem. Keywords: Pragmatic Reference, Referent, Pragmatics, Meaning
Gugon Tuhon for Javenese Women to Promote Character Building: A Pragmatic Perspective
Authors: Nurjanah Komariyah , Widhyasmaramurti Widhyasmaramurti
Published: October 2020

Gugon tuhon (GT) is one of the Javanese sayings or oral traditions that contains piwulang ‘knowledge’ as guidance in conducting polite behaviors that generally in the forms of orders and prohibitions. GT contains frightening elements so that they are not violated by those who believe them. GT has much guidance that relates to humans’ life, and one of them is GT for Javanese women to behave well in order to have good characters. GT data that are used in this research were taken from a text entitled Serat Gugontuhon Prawira Winarsa on www.sastra.org that focused on appropriate behaviors for Javanese women. In the Javanese community, GT is generally acquired through informal oral interaction. Therefore, understanding the pragmatic meaning is necessary.  However, the data which were taken from written text raised a problem, namely what the pragmatic meanings of GT for Javanese women are. This research aims in explaining the meanings of GT for Javanese women that can promote character building. Then, in order to obtain more detailed pragmatic meanings’ results, interviews with mothers and daughters were also conducted in Sambiresik Village, Kediri. This research used the qualitative method and Austin's speech action theory (1984) which consisted of locutions, illocutions, and perlocutions acts meaning. The results showed that the meaning of locutions and illocutions are in the form of guidance to avoid prohibitions. So the Javanese women would perform well-mannered behaviors that according with the common norm. The perlocutions’ meanings were more as a suggestion act in order to avoid the prohibitions. Although the meanings of GT are still understood by mothers and some daughters, yet they believed that some of the guidance is not relatable to the present condition due to the enhancement of technology. GT which are not in accordance with present times are no longer heard in the community. It leads to a threat of the GT extinction in the future. Therefore, this research is expected to be an effort in preserving Javanese language and culture through GT because GT is known as Javanese local wisdom that is not simply as a belief but also has elements of truth that are useful to human’s life. Keywords: Javanese language, gugon tuhon, pragmatic, women's characters
Pondering a Global BIPA: Politeness and Impoliteness in Verbal Interactions
Authors: Jumanto Jumanto , Rahayu Emik
Published: October 2020

This opinionated research article is about politeness and impoliteness in verbal interactions within Indonesian interpersonal context. Accounts on politeness, camaraderie, distant language, close language, code-switching, and code-mixing are elaborated to come to the concept of impoliteness, i.e. rude situations and awkward situations. The interpersonal context here partly elaborates the types of hearer in the aspects of power and solidarity in Brown and Gilman’s theory (1968), the hearers of which are divided into superiors and close people in this article. Elements of both the Indonesian distant and close languages are presented, and how rude situations and awkward situations happen due to incompetence or ignorance of the two variants is illustrated. Illustrations of the Indonesian two variants and code-mixing of the two are given to highlight the rude and awkward situations. All this worldview on the teaching of Indonesian to non-native-speakers, i.e. pondering a global BIPA, should be regarded as efforts to develop as well as to market the Indonesian language to the global societies.              Keywords Politeness, camaraderie, impoliteness, distant language, close language, rude situation, awkward situation, incompetence, code-switching, code-mixing, BIPA
El Centro de Escritura Digital como una estrategia pedagógica institucional
Authors: Calle-Álvarez Gerzon Yair
Published: October 2020

En una sociedad que se comunica y conecta a través del texto, el fortalecer las habilidades de escritura se convierte en un aspecto fundamental en la escuela. Este artículo tiene como propósito identificar los factores que permitieron que un Centro de Escritura Digital (CED) operara como una estrategia institucional para el fortalecimiento de la escritura académica. El método utilizado fue el estudio de casos. Participaron dos instituciones educativas, una pública y otra privada, que ofrecían educación media, de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Se aplicaron cuestionarios con preguntas abiertas a estudiantes, profesores y tutores. En los resultados, se abordaron las categorías de orientación de la escritura académica, servicios integrados a la institución, proyección e identidad institucional, promoción de los servicios e integración curricular. En un CED el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) supera la enseñanza del uso de herramientas, implica el fortalecimiento de los procesos de alfabetización digital desde las áreas y asignaturas del currículo escolar, donde se involucren los directivos, profesores, estudiantes y padres de familia. En las conclusiones se afirma que el reconocimiento del CED como parte de la comunidad educativa genera acciones orientadas al mantenimiento y sostenibilidad, como un componente del proyecto educativo institucional. Además, la integración del CED con la gestión directiva y académica es un factor que aporta a la diferenciación institucional y sostenibilidad de la estrategia en el tiempo.
La Bogotá percibida por los jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Bautista Luzardo Dulce María , Barón López Ena , Martínez Fernando , Ardila Medina Wilson Alberto
Published: October 2020

Los símbolos de la ciudad de Bogotá resultan una forma de interpretar diferentes manifestaciones abstractas de los espacios urbanos contemporáneos que se resumen en imaginarios, narrativas y signos identitarios de la ciudad. Estos elementos contribuyen a la conformación del concepto de marca ciudad, entendiendo que esta es una impronta con la cual se identifican dichos espacios. En términos generales, la marca ciudad es una estrategia de mercadeo que busca promocionar un determinado núcleo urbano. Esta estrategia puede ser, por ejemplo, la idea de que Bogotá está más cerca de las estrellas; afirmación con la cual se pretende vender una ciudad que mira hacia las alturas. Al abordar un estudio con universitarios para ver de qué manera ven la ciudad, se pretende analizar si los símbolos tradicionales de Bogotá son tenidos en cuenta por ellos, si las informaciones y tradiciones que vienen de los medios masivos o de los foráneos que visitan y habitan la ciudad se corresponden con las identidades propias de los habitantes de Bogotá y cómo se dan las narrativas de Bogotá en relación con los signos identitarios de los jóvenes. El interés de esta investigación es comprender cuáles son los signosidentitarios, los imaginarios y las narrativas que los jóvenes universitarios bogotanos consideran que caracterizan a la ciudad y pueden contribuir a la construcción de una propuesta de marca ciudad.
BASES SOCIAIS, REPRESENTAÇÕES E USOS DE ESPÓLIOS SIMBÓLICOS EM “FAMÍLIAS DE POLÍTICOS”
Authors: Grill Igor Gastal
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo são examinados casos de agentes provenientes de “famílias de políticos”, atuantes em dois estados brasileiros: Rio Grande do Sul e Minas Gerais. Eles têm em comum a condição de porta vozes de “causas”– notadamente o empenho na interpretação de questões nacionais, regionais e relacionadas à consagração genealógica (incluindo a eternização ou celebração da “família”) –, que traduz a aquisição de um duplo e indissociável reconhecimento como “políticos” e “intelectuais”. Não obstante as similaridades, os perfis coletivos e individuais ilustram padrões de afirmação social e política discrepantes, relacionados tanto às configurações históricas e regionais em que exerceram suas carreiras (escolares, profissionais e de cargos políticos) como aos seus itinerários específicos. Assim, eles são exemplares da paulatina diversificação de segmentos da “elite política” brasileira (principalmente no século XX), das redefinições das modalidades de ação, e dos repertórios de mobilização, bem como dos condicionantes à afirmação de especialista no trabalho de representação (no duplo sentido).Palavras-chave: Elites. Estratégias de reprodução. Política. Intelectuais. Regiões.SOCIAL BASES, REPRESENTATIONS AND USES OF SYMBOLIC SPOILS IN “POLITICAL FAMILIES”AbstractThis article examines cases of agents from “families of politicians” operating in two Brazilian states: Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais. They have in common the status of spokesperson for “causes” - notably the commitment to interpret national, regional and genealogical consecration issues (including the perpetuation or celebration of “family”) - which means the acquisition of a double and inseparable recognition as “politicians” and “intellectuals”. Notwithstanding the similarities, the collective and individual profiles illustrate discrepant patterns of social and political affirmation, related both to the historical and regional settings in which they pursued their careers (school, professional and political office) and to their specific itineraries. Thus, they are exemplary of the gradual diversification of segments of the Brazilian “political elite” (especially in the twentieth century), of the redefinitions of the modalities of action, and the mobilization repertoires, as well as the conditioning of the statement of expert in the representation work (in the dual sense).Keywords: Elites. Reproduction strategies. Politics. Intellectuals. Regions.
A EXPOSIÇÃO “GRAFITTI: NEW YORK MEETS THE DAM” DO MUSEU DE AMSTERDÃ ENQUANTO UMA ZONA DE CONTATO
Authors: Ferreira Leonardo Gonçalves
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo objetiva analisar a exposição Graffti: New York meets the Dam, do Museu de Amsterdã, enquanto uma zona de contato (CLIFFORD, 2016). Esta exposição foi realizada entre 2015 e 2016, em parceria com o Museu da cidade de Nova York, uma vez que no início da década de 1980, ocorreu um encontro, em Amsterdã, entre grafteiros estadunidenses e holandeses, o que modifcou profundamente o grafte produzido na cidade. O propósito, assim sendo, é analisar, a partir da exposição, se as representações das assimetrias e dos confrontos do encontro entre grafteiros de Amsterdã e de Nova York estão presentes na construção narrativa da exposição e conferem a mesma o caráter de uma zona de contato.Palavras-chave: Museus. Exposição. Zona de contato. Grafite.“GRAFITTI: NEW YORK MEETS THE DAM” EXHIBITION AT AMSTERDAM MUSEUM AS A CONTACT ZONESummaryThis article aims to analyze the Graffiti exhibition: New York meets the Dam, of the Amsterdam Museum, as a contact zone (CLIFFORD, 2016). This exhibition was held between 2015 and 2016 in partnership withthe New York City Museum, since the early 1980s there was a meeting between American and Dutch graffiti artists in Amsterdam, which profoundly changed the graffiti produced in the city. The purpose, therefore,is to analyze, taking the exhibition as a starting point, if the representations of the asymmetries and the confrontations of themeeting between graffiti artists of Amsterdam and New York are present in the narrative construction of the exhibition and confer to it the character of a contact zone.Keywords: Museums. Exhibition. Contact zone. Graffiti.