bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Foot and Ankle Kinematics of a Simulated Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity During Stance Phase: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Henry Jensen K. , Hoffman Jeffrey , Kim Jaeyoung , Steineman Brett , Sturnick Daniel , Demetracopoulos Constantine , Deland Jonathan , Ellis Scott
Published: October 2022

Background:

Progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) is a complex pathology associated with tendon insufficiency, ligamentous failure, joint malalignment, and aberrant plantar force distribution. Existing knowledge of PCFD consists of static measurements, which provide information about structure but little about foot and ankle kinematics during gait. A model of PCFD was simulated in cadavers (sPCFD) to quantify the difference in joint kinematics and plantar pressure between the intact and sPCFD conditions during simulated stance phase of gait.

Methods:

In 12 cadaveric foot and ankle specimens, the sPCFD condition was created via sectioning of the spring ligament and the medial talonavicular joint capsule followed by cyclic axial compression. Specimens were then analyzed in intact and sPCFD conditions via a robotic gait simulator, using actuators to control the extrinsic tendons and a rotating force plate underneath the specimen to mimic the stance phase of walking. Force plate position and muscle forces were optimized using a fuzzy logic iterative process to converge and simulate in vivo ground reaction forces. An 8-camera motion capture system recorded the positions of markers fixed to bones, which were then used to calculate joint kinematics, and a plantar pressure mat collected pressure distribution data. Joint kinematics and plantar pressures were compared between intact and sPCFD conditions.

Results:

The sPCFD condition increased subtalar eversion in early, mid-, and late stance ( P < .05), increased talonavicular abduction in mid- and late stance ( P < .05), and increased ankle plantarflexion ( P < .05), adduction ( P < .05), and inversion ( P < .05). The center of plantar pressure was significantly ( P < .01) medialized in this model of sPCFD and simulated stance phase of gait.

Discussion:

Subtalar and talonavicular joint kinematics and plantar pressure distribution significantly changed with the sPCFD and in the directions expected from a PCFD foot. We also found that ankle joint kinematics changed with medial and plantar drift of the talar head, indicating abnormal talar rotation. Although comparison to an in vivo PCFD foot was not performed, this sPCFD model produced changes in foot kinematics and indicates that concomitant abnormal changes may occur at the ankle joint with PCFD.

Clinical Relevance:

This study describes the dynamic kinematic and plantar pressure changes in a cadaveric model of simulated progressive collapsing foot deformity during simulated stance phase.
The Pleasures and Problems of Consuming True Crime as Theatrical Entertainment in Nineteenth-Century London
Authors: Whitehead Gavin
Published: October 2022

Now a pillar of popular culture, the multi-media genre of ‘true crime’ has roots in nineteenth-century England. Particularly in London, a burgeoning media landscape increasingly catered to public interest in sensational homicides. Like other purveyors of true-crime entertainment, theatre managers at licensed playhouses wished to capitalise on murders making national headlines but encountered considerable – at times insurmountable – obstacles in their path. The likelihood of censorship plus that of public uproar ensured that melodramas inspired by recent slayings seldom showed at licensed playhouses. The rarity of such plays might suggest that theatre contributed little to London's abiding homicide fixation. However, the public interpreted two key spheres of what I call ‘true-crime culture’ through the lens of theatrical production – the administration of justice and the Chamber of Horrors at Madame Tussaud’s. Training its attention on the cultural impact of two of Britain's most notorious miscreants, John Thurtell (1794–1824) and Maria Manning (1821–49), this essay shows how theatre-going, in general, and the uniquely controversial dramaturgy of a play based on Thurtell's transgression, The Gamblers (1823), gave rise to a set of affective, aesthetic, and ethical assumptions, which in turn coloured contemporary perceptions of salacious murder trials, public executions, and the Chamber of Horrors.
Strategizing desire
Authors: Schmid Benedikt
Published: October 2022

This contribution comments and builds on Callum Sutherland's exploration of the spatial imaginaries latent in the thinking of the late Mark Fisher. Appreciating Sutherland's rich account on the nexus of space, (post-) capitalism, culture, and desire – as developed through a spatial reading of Fisher – I suggest the broadening of such a project to include a less prominent part of Fisher's work, namely his theorization of organization and strategy. Outlining four strategic orientations that thread through Fisher's work – ‘mobilization of desire’, ‘institutional memory’, ‘creative freedom’, and ‘future orientation’ – I discuss Fisher's take on postcapitalist strategies alongside the spatial–temporal imaginaries carved out by Sutherland.
COVID-19 Pandemic: The Local Community Perceptions and Associated Risks in Guji Society, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Roba Gemeda Odo
Published: October 2022

Objective

To investigate local perceptions of the causes and prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic in Guji Society, West Guji Zone, Bule Hora district.

Methods

The researcher conducted a qualitative study using in-depth interviews and key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and case study with 46 informants, of which 22 were women and 24 were men. The informants were recruited using purposive sampling. The data was analyzed by qualitative description.

Results

The findings indicate the wrath of Waaqaa (God), evil spirit attacks, Gadaa party's omen, the virus, and unknown forces are thought to be the causes of the virus. The local amelioration and prevention mechanisms reported by the informants were rituals of praying for God's mercy and social distancing, along with using face-masks, keeping hygiene, and getting vaccines.

Conclusion

The local community's perceptions about the COVID-19 pandemic's causes and prevention methods are based on myths, assumptions, and belief systems that contradict medical science concepts and prevention methods. As a result, this scenario would result in potential risk factors like susceptibility to the virus, severe health complications, and psychological and socio-economic adverse impacts.
Nursing Care Delivery Models and Intraprofessional Collaborative Care: Canadian Nurse Leaders’ Perspectives
Authors: Prentice Dawn , Moore Jane , Fernandes Bruna , Larabie Emma
Published: October 2022

Introduction

There are many different types of nursing care delivery models used to organize and provide care in hospitals. These models are comprised of different organizational structures and staffing skill mixes.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore how nursing care delivery models promote intraprofessional collaborative care in acute care hospitals from the perspectives of nurse leaders.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive approach was used for this study. Telephone interviews were conducted between January 2021 and August 2021 using an interview guide comprised of semi-structured and structured questions. Using a purposeful sampling technique, ten leaders from nine hospital systems, representing both urban and rural hospitals in the province of Ontario, Canada, participated in the study. Content analysis was conducted resulting in two overarching themes.

Results

The first theme, Fluidity of the Model addresses the flexibility of the models and the impact of contextual factors such as changes in nurses’ scope of practice, government funding changes, staffing mix, and organizational policies and rules. The second theme, Tools of the Trade describes the resources that hospitals implement to promote intraprofessional collaboration that indirectly impacts on patient safety.

Conclusion

Nursing care delivery models need to be flexible and adaptable. All nursing care delivery models in this study used various tools to promote intraprofessional collaborative care.
Mineralizing Microangiopathy of Lenticulostriate Arteries with Basal Ganglia Infarct in an Infant Following Trivial Trauma: A Case Report
Authors: A. Ebinesh , A. Satyam , Gupta Sanchit , Das Prince , Krishna Ganesh
Published: October 2022

Association between trivial head trauma and basal ganglia infarct has been reported frequently in the recent years. We present the case of an infant who presented with neurological deficits following trivial head trauma and in whom all the routine hematological and laboratory investigations were unremarkable. Nonenhanced computed tomography imaging of the brain demonstrated calcification of lenticulostriate arteries in bilateral gangliothalamic complexes with a hypodense area in the left lentiform nucleus centered around one of the calcified vessels consistent with an infarct. It is hypothesized that a severe persistent form of fetal sonographic lenticulostriate vasculopathy that later undergoes mineralization predisposes infants to thrombosis following infarct, precipitating an infarct. Mineralizing microangiopathy is an underlying cause of infantile stroke and generally carries a good prognosis.
Toxicity and efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy in primary and secondary CNS lymphoma: a meta-analysis of 128 patients
Authors: Cook Michael R. , Dorris C. Scott , Makambi Kepher H. , Luo Yutong , Munshi Pashna N. , Donato Michelle , Rowley Scott , Saad Ayman , Goy Andre , Dunleavy Kieron , Ali Alaa
Published: October 2022

Relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL) are associated with short survival and represent an unmet need, requiring novel effective strategies. Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, effective in systemic large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), have shown responses in PCNSL and SCNSL in early reports, but with limited sample size. We, therefore, performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of all published data describing CAR T-cell use in PCNSL and SCNSL. This identified 128 patients with PCNSL (30) and SCNSL (98). Our primary objectives were to evaluate CAR T-cell specific toxicity (immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome [ICANS] and cytokine release syndrome [CRS]) as well as response rates in these 2 populations. Seventy percent of patients with PCNSL had CRS of any grade (13% grade 3-4) and 53% had ICANS of any grade (18% grade 3-4). Comparatively, 72% of the SCNSL cohort experienced CRS of any grade (11% grade 3-4) and 48% had ICANS of any grade (26% grade 3-4). Of the patients with PCNSL, 56% achieved a complete remission (CR) with 37% remaining in remission at 6 months. Similarly, 47% of patients with SCNSL had a CR, with 37% in remission at 6 months. In a large meta-analysis of central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas, toxicity of anti-CD19–CAR T-cell therapy was similar to that of registrational studies in systemic LBCL with no increased signal of neurotoxicity observed. Encouraging efficacy was demonstrated in patients with CNS lymphoma with no discernible differences between PCNSL and SCNSL.
Effect of integration of poultry manure and vinasse on the abundance and diversity of soil fauna, soil fertility index, and barley (Hordeum aestivum L.) growth in calcareous soils
Authors: Seleem Mostafa , Khalafallah Naglaa , Zuhair Raghda , Ghoneim Adel M. , El-Sharkawy Mahmoud , Mahmoud Esawy
Published: October 2022

Background:

In Egypt, calcareous soils represent a large part of desert soils suffering from a shortage of nutrients and organic matter, affecting production and biological diversity in agroecosystems. Organic wastes, negatively affect the environment, recycling it as a promising technology in different farming systems, and its impact on crop productivity and soil fauna is largely unknown. In this study, the effects of integrating poultry manure (PM) alone or combined with vinasse (V) at rates of 4.2 g kg− 1and 6.3 g kg− 1in pots, on improving soil fauna diversity, soil fertility, soil consistency and yield of barley (Hordeum aestivumL.) grown in a calcareous soil were investigated.

Results:

The results showed that the addition of PM alone or combined with V at different rates led to a significant increase in the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), organic matter (OM), NPK soil availability and yield of barley. The addition of 6.3 g PM and 4.2 g V kg− 1soil have the best results in OM with 65.0% compared to control, and V contributes more than 16% of them. Prostigmata and Collembola were the dominant groups and accounted for 43.3% and 50.0% in the PM1 and 50.0% and 20.0% in the PM2 of the total individuals, respectively. Shannon and Evenness indices increased significantly with the soil amended by PM alone or combined with V. Soil fauna plays a key role in soil consistency because of a significant relationship between soil fauna and soil OM, MBC and soil fertility index. The addition of 6.3 g PM and 4.2 g V kg− 1soil gave the best results in grain yield by 76.90% compared to the control.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the interaction between PM and V can be used as a promising organic amendments to increase barley yield and improve efficiency of a recycled PM and V on soil fauna and soil fertility of calcareous soil.
Association between common laboratory indices and IgAV recurrence in children
Authors: Zhou Juan , Li Li , Luo Jing , Yang Yingtian , Shen Xing
Published: October 2022

Background

IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is a common type of vasculitis seen in children. IgAV recurrence can result in chronic kidney disease. We aimed to explore the association between common laboratory indices and IgAV recurrence in children, and to establish a prediction model.

Methods

This retrospective study included children with diagnosed with IgAV hospitalized in Bazhong Central Hospital, Sichuan, from January 2014 to December 2019. Children were assigned to two groups based on IgAV recurrence, and baseline clinical data were collected for comparison. A logistic regression model to predict IgAV recurrence was established. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to detect performance of the predictive model.

Results

This study included 193 children (39 [20.2%], recurrence group; 154 [79.8%], non-recurrence group). Based on multivariate regression analysis, the duration of illness and joint involvement were independent predictors of IgAV recurrence in children (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in common laboratory indices (P > 0.05). The AUC of the prediction model was 0.766 (P < 0.001) with sensitivity of 74.4% and specificity of 68.8%.

Conclusion

Common laboratory indices were not associated with recurrence of IgAV in children.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head trials comparing sulfonylureas and low hypoglycaemic risk antidiabetic drugs
Authors: Volke Vallo , Katus Urmeli , Johannson Annika , Toompere Karolin , Heinla Keiu , Rünkorg Kertu , Uusküla Anneli
Published: October 2022

Background

Safety of sulfonylurea drugs in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes is still under debate. The aim of this study was to compare the all-cause mortality and cardiovascular adverse events of sulfonylureas and drugs with a low risk for hypoglycaemia in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Data sources: MEDLINE (PubMed, OVID), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, WOS and Lilacs.

Study selection

Randomised controlled head-to-head trials that compared sulfonylureas with active control with low hypoglycaemic potential in adults (≥ 18 years old) with type 2 diabetes published up to August 2015. The drug classes involved in the analysis were metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists.

Outcomes

The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The secondary endpoints were MACE, cardiovascular events and severe hypoglycaemia. Synthesis of results: Two reviewers checked study eligibility, independently extracted data and assessed quality with disagreements resolved through discussion. We assessed the risk of bias of the included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials v2. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by using fixed effects model. The study is registered on PROSPERO (26/05/2016 CRD42016038780).

Results

Our final analysis comprised 31 studies (26,204 patients, 11,711 patients given sulfonylureas and 14,493 given comparator drugs). In comparison to drugs with low hypoglycaemic potential, sulfonylureas had higher odds for all-cause mortality (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.00-1.75), MACE (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.07–1.61), myocardial infarction (fatal and non-fatal) (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.17–2.38) and hypoglycaemia (OR 5.24, 95% CI 4.20–6.55). Subsequent sensitivity analysis revealed differences in the effect of sulfonylureas, with an increased risk of all-cause mortality with glipizide but not the other molecules.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis raises concern about the safety of SUs compared to alternative drugs involved in current analysis. Important differences may exist within the drug class, and glimepiride seems to have best safety profile.
Efficacy and safety of curcuminoids alone in alleviating pain and dysfunction for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Feng Jie , Li Zhao , Tian Linling , Mu Panyun , Hu Yimei , Xiong Feng , Ma Xu
Published: October 2022

Background

Curcuminoids (CURs) are the principal ingredients of Curcuma longa L. [Zingiberaceae] (CL)—an herbal plant used in east Asia to alleviate pain and inflammation. Thus far, the therapeutic effects of CURs for knee osteoarthritis (OA) uncovered by multiple reviews remained uncertain due to broadly involving trials with different agents-combined or CURs-free interventions. Therefore, we formed stringent selection criteria and assessment methods to summarize current evidence on the efficacy and safety of CURs alone in the treatment of knee OA.

Methods

A series of databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of CURs for knee OA. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using meta-analysis and the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for both statistical and clinical significance.

Results

Fifteen studies with 1670 patients were included. CURs were significantly more effective than placebo in the improvements of VAS for pain ( WMD: − 1.77, 95% CI: − 2.44 to − 1.09), WOMAC total score ( WMD: − 7.06, 95% CI: − 12.27 to − 1.84), WOMAC pain score ( WMD: − 1.42, 95% CI: − 2.41 to − 0.43), WOMAC function score ( WMD: − 5.04, 95% CI: − 7.65 to − 2.43), and WOMAC stiffness score ( WMD: − 0.54, 95% CI: − 1.03 to − 0.05). Meanwhile, CURs were not inferior to NSAIDs in the improvements of pain- and function-related outcomes. Additionally, CURs did not significantly increase the incidence of adverse events (AEs) compared with placebo ( RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.53, P = 0.899, I2 = 23.7%) and NSAIDs (RR: 0.71 0.65, 95% CI: 0.57 0.41 to 0.90 1.03).

Conclusions

CURs alone can be expected to achieve considerable analgesic and functional promotion effects for patients with symptomatic knee OA in short term, without inducing an increase of adverse events. However, considering the low quality and substantial heterogeneity of present studies, a cautious and conservative recommendation for broader clinical use of CURs should still be made. Further high-quality studies are necessary to investigate the impact of different dosages, optimization techniques and administration approaches on long-term safety and efficacy of CURs, so as to strengthen clinical decision making for patients with symptomatic knee OA.
Observation on clinical effect of Huoxue-Jiangtang decoction formula granules in treating prediabetes: a randomized prospective placebo-controlled double-blind trial protocol
Authors: Zhang Peng-Xiang , Zeng Lin , Meng Lu , Li Hui-Lin , Zhao Heng-Xia , Liu De-Liang
Published: October 2022

Background

Prediabetes is a hypermetabolic syndrome with blood sugar levels falling between the normal and diabetes. People with prediabetes have a significantly increased chances of developing diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, dementia, and other diseases in the future when compared to the healthy population. However, prediabetes is mainly treated based on lifestyle intervention, currently without targeted drug treatment plan. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has a longstanding experience, has been shown in clinical studies to be effective for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications. Furthermore, different dosage forms such as decoction and granule have developed gradually in clinical application. Preliminary studies have found that Huoxue-Jangtang Decoction (HJD), with good hypoglycemic and lipid-regulating effects, is potentially one of the complementary and alternative treatments for prediabetes. Therefore, this project intends to perform a prospective clinical study to observe the clinical effectiveness of HJD on prediabetes and the consistency of the efficacy of formula granules and the elixation.

Methods

This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 183 participants are randomly assigned to HJD Formula Granules plus lifestyle intervention, HJD Elixation plus lifestyle intervention, and placebo plus lifestyle intervention. All subjects undergo 1 day of screening before participating in the study, followed by 84 days of drug intervention and observation. During and after treatment, the main outcome measures include fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose.

Discussion

This research attempts to verify the clinical efficacy and possible mechanism of HJD in the treatment of prediabetes, and prove the consistency of HJD Formula Granules with HJD Elixation. This study also aims to provide a treatment that is both effective and safe for prediabetic patients.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ChiCTR2200060813, Registered 12 June 2022.
Association of stress hyperglycemia ratio and in-hospital mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: insights from a large cohort study
Authors: Xu Wei , Song Qirui , Wang Xiang , Zhao Zinan , Meng Xuyang , Xia Chenxi , Xie Yibo , Yang Chenguang , Guo Ying , Zhang Yatong , Wang Fang
Published: October 2022

Background

Stress hyperglycemia is strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Recently, the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) has been proposed to represent relative hyperglycemia. Studies regarding the relationship between SHR and mortality in coronary artery disease (CAD) are limited. This study aimed to clarify the association between SHR and in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD.

Methods

A total of 19,929 patients with CAD who were hospitalized in Beijing Hospital were enrolled in this study. Patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min, cancer, or missing blood glucose/HbA1c data were excluded; therefore, 8,196 patients were included in the final analysis. The patients were divided into three groups based on tertiles of SHR: T1 group (SHR < 0.725, n = 2,732), T2 group (0.725 ≤ SHR < 0.832, n = 2,730), and T3 group (SHR ≥ 0.832, n = 2,734). The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality.

Results

The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 0.91% (n = 74). After adjusting for covariates, SHR was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD [odds ratio (OR) = 17.038; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.668–30.027; P < 0.001], and the T3 group had a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (OR = 4.901; 95% CI = 2.583–9.297; P < 0.001) compared with T1 group. In the subgroup analysis, the T3 group had an increased risk of mortality among patients with pre-diabetes mellitus (pre-DM) (OR = 9.670; 95% CI = 1.886–49.571; P = 0.007) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR = 5.023; 95% CI = 2.371–10.640; P < 0.001) after adjustments for covariates. The relationship between SHR and in-hospital mortality among patients with ACS and chronic coronary syndrome was consistent with the main finding. SHR and in-hospital mortality exhibited a dose-response relationship, and the risk of in-hospital mortality increased when the SHR index was above 1.20. Moreover, the area under the curve of SHR for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD was 0.741.

Conclusion

SHR is significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD. SHR may be an effective predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD, especially for those with pre-DM and DM.
Effect of cold storage on Carbofuran dissipation in Cabbages (Brassica Oleracea)
Authors: Shafiee Maeena Naman , Masoodi F. A. , Wani Sajad Mohd , Ahad Tehmeena
Published: October 2022

Cabbage being a highly imported product is often subjected to long term cold storage to maintain product quality and in order to retain its freshness it is kept in cold chambers for a long time. Being highly infested by pests during storage, cabbages are often treated with insecticides having active ingredients such as carbofuran in them. Also, large number of malpractices have come into the notice of the regulatory bodies where the growers use last minute Carbofuran dips on the cabbage heads to improve the shine and lustre of the foliage for better marketability .Therefore, the study was conducted to monitor the effect of cold storage on degradation pattern of Carbofuran on Cabbage during storage in Kashmir valley. The level of carbofuran residue decreased with an increase in storage period Dissipation pattern was studied for three application rates of Carbofuran by dipping the samples in T1 (First dose) 3g/1000mL, T2 (Second dose) 2g/1000mL, T3 (Third dose) 1g/1000mL. The initial control deposit was found to be 0.05mg/kg for T1, 0.03mg/kg for T2, 0.01mg/kg for T3 on Cabbage. The residues were dissipated to about 0.02mg/kg in T1, 0.01mg/kg in T2 and ND in T3 after 60 days of application. The waiting period after proper risk assessment was calculated and was found to be 30 days for almost all application rates.
A rare cause of abdominal pain managed unconventionally: acute renal infarction caused by atrial fibrillation: a case report
Authors: Ge Tao , Zhu ZhengCai , Wang Jinfeng , Zhou Wenjiao , Song Evelyn J. , Tang Shengxing
Published: October 2022

Background

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias. The main thrombotic complication of arterial fibrillation is ischemic stroke, but it can also cause acute renal infarction from embolization. The low incidence and nonspecific clinical manifestations of acute renal infarction make it difficult to diagnose, often leading to either delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Due to its rarity, more efficient treatment guidelines are helpful for the management of acute renal infarction related to the thromboembolic complication of arterial fibrillation.

Case reports

We report a case of acute renal infarction due to underlying arterial fibrillation, where a novel interventional therapeutic method was used. A 66-year-old Chinese man with arterial fibrillation, not on anticoagulation due to the patient’s preference, and coronary artery disease post-percutaneous coronary intervention to left anterior descending artery about 1 year ago, was currently on dual antiplatelet therapy. He suddenly developed intermittent and sharp left-sided abdominal pain and was found to have an acute left renal infarction on computed tomography scan. Angiogram showed acute occlusion of the left renal artery due to thromboembolism. For this patient, a combination method of local thrombus aspiration, angioplasty, and infusion of nitroglycerin and diltiazem were used, restoring blood flow to the left kidney. After recovery, the patient was discharged on aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin. At 6 months follow-up, there was no residual kidney dysfunction.

Conclusions

Acute renal infarction from thromboembolism is a rare but serious complication of arterial fibrillation. More efficient and different options for intervention methods will benefit the treatment of this disease. Here, we report a combination therapeutic method that has not been used in acute renal infarction associated with arterial fibrillation, and which restored renal perfusion and prevented long-term kidney injury.
The lower airways microbiota and antimicrobial peptides indicate dysbiosis in sarcoidosis
Authors: Knudsen Kristel S. , Lehmann Sverre , Nielsen Rune , Tangedal Solveig , Paytuvi-Gallart Andreu , Sanseverino Walter , Martinsen Einar M. H. , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Eagan Tomas M.
Published: October 2022

Background

The role of the pulmonary microbiome in sarcoidosis is unknown. The objectives of this study were the following: (1) examine whether the pulmonary fungal and bacterial microbiota differed in patients with sarcoidosis compared with controls; (2) examine whether there was an association between the microbiota and levels of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in protected bronchoalveolar lavage (PBAL).

Methods

Thirty-five sarcoidosis patients and 35 healthy controls underwent bronchoscopy and were sampled with oral wash (OW), protected BAL (PBAL), and left protected sterile brushes (LPSB). The fungal ITS1 region and the V3V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. Bioinformatic analyses were performed with QIIME 2. The AMPs secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and human beta defensins 1 and 2 (hBD-1 and hBD-2), were measured in PBAL by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

Aspergillus dominated the PBAL samples in sarcoidosis. Differences in bacterial taxonomy were minor. There was no significant difference in fungal alpha diversity between sarcoidosis and controls, but the bacterial alpha diversity in sarcoidosis was significantly lower in OW (p = 0.047) and PBAL (p = 0.03) compared with controls. The beta diversity for sarcoidosis compared with controls differed for both fungi and bacteria. AMP levels were significantly lower in sarcoidosis compared to controls (SLPI and hBD-1: p < 0.01). No significant correlations were found between alpha diversity and AMPs.

Conclusions

The pulmonary fungal and bacterial microbiota in sarcoidosis differed from in controls. Lower antimicrobial peptides levels were seen in sarcoidosis, indicating an interaction between the microbiota and the innate immune system. Whether this dysbiosis represents a pathogenic mechanism in sarcoidosis needs to be confirmed in experimental studies.
In vivo genotoxicity assessment of a multiwalled carbon nanotube in a mouse ex vivo culture
Authors: Horibata Katsuyoshi , Takasawa Hironao , Hojo Motoki , Taquahashi Yuhji , Shigano Miyuki , Yokota Satoshi , Kobayashi Norihiro , Sugiyama Kei-ichi , Honma Masamitsu , Hamada Shuichi
Published: October 2022

Background

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are suspected lung carcinogens because their shape and size are similar to asbestos. Various MWCNT types are manufactured; however, only MWNT-7 is classified into Group 2B by The International Agency for Research on Cancer. MWNT-7’s carcinogenicity is strongly related to inflammatory reactions. On the other hand, inconsistent results on MWNT-7 genotoxicity have been reported. We previously observed no significant differences in bothPig-a(blood) andgpt(lung) mutant frequencies between MWNT-7-intratracheally treated and negative control rats. In this study, to investigatein vivoMWNT-7 genotoxicity on various endpoints, we attempted to develop a lung micronucleus assay throughex vivoculture targeting the cellular fraction of Clara cells and alveolar Type II (AT-II) cells, known as the initiating cells of lung cancer. Using this system, we analyzed thein vivoMWNT-7 genotoxicity induced by both whole-body inhalation exposure and intratracheal instillation. We also conducted an erythrocyte micronucleus assay using the samples obtained from animals under intratracheal instillation to investigate the tissue specificity of MWNT-7 induced genotoxicities.

Results

 We detected a significant increase in the incidence of micronucleated cells derived from the cellular fraction of Clara cells and AT-II cells in both MWNT-7-treated and positive control groups compared to the negative control group under both whole-body inhalation exposures and intratracheal instillation. Additionally, the erythrocyte micronucleus assay detected a significant increase in the incidence of micronucleated reticulocytes only in the positive control group.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated that MWNT-7 was genotoxic in the lungs directly exposed by both the body inhalation and intratracheal instillation but not in the hematopoietic tissue.
Reirradiation for Recurrent Glioblastoma: What We Know and What We Do Not
Authors: Knisely Jonathan P.S. , Fine Howard A.
Published: October 2022

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology , to patients seen in their own clinical practice.
Advances in the Development of Prodrugs as Selective Modulators of Estrogen Receptors
Authors: Pollock Julie A , Parker Hannah K
Published: October 2022

Due to the complexity of estrogen signaling mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs) in a variety of biological environments, there is great interest in the identification and optimization of selective estrogen receptor ligands. Prodrugs that can be activated in specific environments allow for tissue selectivity. Therefore, there have been recent advances in the development of prodrugs for ERs that can be released through enzymatic reactions, chemical reactions (eg, oxidation by reactive oxygen species or reduction by ascorbic acid), or light-mediated processes. In addition, researchers have linked ER ligands to additional drugs for selective cellular targeting. In this review, we highlight the compounds that have been generated and their potential uses in disease states such as breast cancer, inflammation, and menopause.
Gauging the learning environment at Damascus University Pharmacy School in Syria using the DREEM questionnaire: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alfakhry Ghaith , Saymeh Rowaida , Jamous Issam , Alhomsi Khaled
Published: October 2022

Introduction: This study was undertaken to provide the first record of evaluation of the educational environment of the Bachelor of Pharmacy program at Damascus University (DU), Syria using the internationally adopted Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) tool and compare it with other pharmacy schools around the world.  

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at DU Pharmacy School in 2022. The validated DREEM 50-item inventory was added to Google Forms and used to collect data electronically. Data was collected during the second term between April 2022 and June 2022. Students from all years were included.  

Results: A total of 269 students completed the questionnaire. The Cronbach’s alpha of the DREEM questionnaire was 0.94. The total DREEM score was 89.8±32.1/200. DU Pharmacy School scored significantly less on the total DREEM score than its other counterparts around the world with a large effect size (d>0.80). All subscales scored below 50% and the lowest scoring subscales were students’ perception of learning (SPL=41.8%) and students’ perception of the social environment (SSP=42.5%).  

Conclusions: This study provides the first assessment of the learning environment at DU Pharmacy School. The findings implied that the educational environment is in need of major improvement, especially in areas related to teaching and learning practices and the general social environment; future research should focus on designing interventions that could effectively address these potential areas of improvement.
The ‘green’ agreement between the European Union and Japan
Authors: Wróbel Izabela
Published: October 2022

In the European Green Deal, the European Commission expressed its will to build alliances with European Union’s (EU) partners who have a similar approach to environmental protection. The first green alliance was concluded by the EU with Japan on 27 May 2021. The aim of the paper is to analyse the content and nature of this alliance and to assess its potential effectiveness as an instrument for the implementation of the European Green Deal and its possible impact on international relations and respectively EU, national, and international legal norms in the field of the environment. As shown in this study, the first green alliance is not a model solution. On the one hand, this instrument requires a formal correction (involving Member States and relevant EU institutions in adopting any amendments in line with the principles of division of competences between the EU and its Member States and institutional balance, clarification of the nature of obligations), on the other hand, it is deeply embedded in the unique international legal framework of EU-Japanese relations. However, the first green alliance has great potential to influence the EU's relations with other third countries and the content of the resulting legal norms at various levels.
Maternal postnatal depression and offspring depression at age 24 years in a UK-birth cohort: the mediating role of maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping
Authors: Culpin Iryna , Hammerton Gemma , Bornstein Marc H. , Heron Jon , Evans Jonathan , Cadman Tim , Sallis Hannah M. , Tilling Kate , Stein Alan , Kwong Alex S.F. , Pearson Rebecca M.
Published: October 2022

Background: Maternal postnatal depression (PND) is a risk factor for offspring depression in adulthood. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the role of maternal nurturing parenting behaviours in the association between maternal PND and offspring depression in adulthood.

Methods: We examined pathways from maternal PND measured using self-reported Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 8 weeks to offspring ICD-10 depression diagnosed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised computerised assessment at 24 years through maternal-reported nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, sleeping and crying measured from pregnancy to age 3 years 6 months in 5,881 members of the UK-based birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.  

Results: The fully adjusted model revealed an indirect effect from PND to adult offspring depression through the combination of all parenting factors (probit regression coefficient [B]=0.038, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.005, 0.071); however, there was no evidence of a direct effect from early maternal PND to offspring depression once the indirect effect via parenting factors was accounted for (B=0.009, 95%CI -0.075, 0.093). Specificity analyses revealed indirect effects through maternal worries about feeding (B=0.019, 95%CI 0.003, 0.035, p=0.010) and maternal perceptions and responses to crying (B=0.018, 95%CI 0.004, 0.032, p=0.012).

Conclusions: The adverse impact of maternal PND on offspring depression in early adulthood was explained by maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping in early childhood. Residual confounding and measurement error likely limit reliable conclusions. If found causal, interventions providing support to reduce worries around maternal nurturing behaviours and treating depression could reduce adverse outcomes in adult offspring of depressed mothers.
The genome sequence of the satellite, Eupsilia transversa (Hufnagel, 1766)
Authors: Crowley Liam , Lees David ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Hutchinson Finley ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2022

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Eupsilia transversa (the satellite; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 467 megabases in span. The entire assembly (100%) is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules with the W and Z sex chromosomes assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 15.5 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl has identified 18,065 protein coding genes.
Formation of the Initial Foundations of Ecological Culture Among Primary Schoolchildren: Examples of Methodological Developments
Authors: Artyuhova I.
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the problem of increasing attention to the environmental education of primary school students in accordance with the updated version of the State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (FSES PGE). The goals, methods and techniques of the process of formation of the ecological culture of younger schoolchildren at the lessons of the "The-World-Around-Us" are characterized. Examples of methodological developments in the study of various topics of this training course for the second grade are described. Particular attention is paid to familiarization with the Red Data Book of Russia and the regions.
Strategy for the Formation of Semantic Reading Skills in Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Alalykina A. , Fugelova Tat'yana
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the problem of mastering the skills of semantic reading by primary school students at the lessons of literary reading. The concept of "semantic reading" is characterized, the components of this didactic phenomenon are determined. The effectiveness of the teaching strategy proposed by the authors is proved, the process of formation of semantic reading skills in younger schoolchildren is described. This ensures the further development of their actual ability to work with information presented in the form of printed, audio and electronic texts.
Los saberes para regular el autismo en Colombia: una aproximación crítica desde la postura de Michel Foucault
Authors: Montero-Martínez Juan
Published: October 2022

Introducción: este artículo aborda la emergencia del autismo en Colombia y su relación con el modelo biomédico y cognoscitivo-comportamental. A lo largo del texto se cuestionan los relatos psiquiátricos y psicológicos basados en el ideal del progreso que exaltan los conocimientos actuales sobre los trastornos autistas y no tienen una posición crítica frente a los tratamientos contemporáneos. De ahí que la base teórico-metodológica sea la propuesta sociohistórica de Michel Foucault, que problematiza las condiciones de posibilidades de los saberes expertos, como la psicología y la psiquiatría. Desarrollo: con base en un recorrido histórico del trastorno autista en Estados Unidos, desde la década de los cuarenta hasta la primera década del 2000, se muestra cómo los modelos psiquiátricos y psicológicos norteamericanos de 1980 fueron adoptados por Anthiros, una institución especializada en el tratamiento del autismo. A su vez, se evidencia cómo desde mediados de 1990, Anthiros visibilizó los trastornos autistas por medio de la prensa y permitió que algunos padres de los sujetos con esta condición interiorizaran y reprodujeran las explicaciones biomédicas y comportamentales, lo que constituyó el surgimiento de los padres y las madres expertas a principios del siglo XXI. Conclusiones: los cuidadores expertos no necesitan un profesional de la salud para reproducir los postulados biomédicos y comportamentales, lo que los convierte en los nuevos promotores de la conciencia del espectro autista en todo el país.
High-Frequency Trading Strategies
Authors: Goldstein Michael , Kwan Amy , Philip Richard
Published: October 2022

We examine the effect of high-frequency trading on market quality from the perspective of a limit order trader. By competing with slower limit order traders, high-frequency traders impose a welfare externality by selectively crowding out the most profitable limit orders. The order book imbalance immediately before each order submission, cancellation, and trade suggests that high-frequency traders strategically use limit order book information to supply liquidity on the thick side of the order book and demand liquidity from the thin side. This strategic behavior is more pronounced during volatile periods and when trading speeds increase.

This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance.

Funding: This work was supported by the Centre for International Finance and Regulation [Grant T013].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4539 .
As formas dos cheiros: procedimentos para análise sensorial de perfumes e do design de suas embalagens
Authors: SIlva Camila Assis Peres , Mazzilli Clice De Toledo Sanjar
Published: October 2022

O artigo é um desmembramento de tese de doutorado intitulada “As cores e as formas dos cheiros: as correspondências entre os sentidos do olfato e da visão em frascos de perfumes”. Neste trabalho objetiva-se dar ênfase no processo de construção dos experimentos e consequentemente possíveis discussões a serem traçadas a partir da correlação entre os dados fornecidos pelos participantes. Foca-se no design de frascos e tampas de perfume e sua relação com perfumes de quatro grupos olfativos diferentes. Como base para a formulação dos questionários, apresenta-se breve contextualização sobre abordagem multissensorial, sinestesia e o papel dos cheiros em nosso cotidiano.
O ensino de projeto e o digital: notas sobre futuros possíveis
Authors: Tramontano Marcelo
Published: October 2022

Transcrito e retrabalhado a partir de uma fala do autor no seminário "O projeto nas frestas", na ESDI-UERJ, este texto recupera as principais ideias ali apresentadas e debatidas sobre possíveis contribuições do digital para se pensar o futuro do ensino de projeto de arquitetura e urbanismo. O texto propõe uma breve linha do tempo sobre a introdução dos processos digitais na formação de arquitetos, no Brasil, evidencia os efeitos da pandemia ao tornar obrigatório o ensino remoto via Internet, e sugere pontos para uma pauta de discussões, em um futuro próximo.
Uma Reforma Curricular Recente e a Necessidade de Avançarmos Ainda Mais em um Pensamento Diverso e Conectado com o Território
Authors: Guizzo Iazana
Published: October 2022

Como pensar uma reforma curricular em Arquitetura e Urbanismo nos dias de hoje? Essa questão atravessa a crise atual do habitar humano sobre a Terra, que arrasta consigo outras espécies para um grande colapso global. A experiência do currículo Construir na Diferença realizada na Universidade Santa Úrsula, uma universidade tradicional e privada no Rio de Janeiro, trás algumas questões importantes. A mudança de paradigma que busca não projetar mais para, mas com o outro, a aposta no corpo e a possibilidade de organizar um curso a partir da materialidade sem que ela fosse apartada do pensamento, possibilitou situar esse ofício em um país plural, repleto de diferentes cosmologias não centrais. Além dessa experiência, o artigo coloca a necessidade da escuta de outras cosmologias ao pensarmos os territórios brasileiros, tais como as ameríndias e afro-diaspóricas. E com elas proporcionar que cada arquiteto se deixe contagiar por uma certa delicadeza de habitar o mundo, de pisar suave na Terra, de entender que a Terra está viva e que com ela podemos dialogar.