bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Yiddish Bard in Berlin: Moyshe Kulbak and the Flourishing of Yiddish Poetry in Exile
Authors: Seelig Rachel
Published: February 2012

In 1920 the Yiddish poet Moyshe Kulbak left his native Vilna to resettle temporarily in Berlin. His three-year sojourn in the Weimar metropolis was both the loneliest and the most prolific time of his life. Propelled into the heartland of European Kultur yet consigned to the margins of both German society and his native realm, Kulbak's inconspicuous position enabled him to absorb new poetic trends while achieving the physical and psychic distance required to cultivate an imagined "Yiddishland." Indeed, if Kulbak was relegated to the sidelines of Berlin, it is equally striking that the metropolis makes no appearance in the poems he penned there. His Berlin lyrics reflect an escape from his urban environs and retreat into an idealized White Russian landscape. As a transitional space between his youth in the rural outskirts of Vilna and his future in Soviet Minsk, the Weimar capital provided Kulbak both the inspiration and the isolation needed to reclaim a usable past and to cultivate a new poetics. This article traces Kulbak's poetic development alongside his geographical trajectory from the Russian Empire to the Soviet Union via Weimar Berlin. Using Kulbak's oeuvre as a case study, it argues that Berlin, as the site and symbol of transfer and transition between east and west and between dissolved empires and newly emerging nation-states, was a productive environment for the Yiddish poet to develop his own voice and to enrich a Yiddish literary culture that transcended Europe's newly drawn borders.
Music for Public and Private Use: The Cello-Basso Sonatas of Carlo Graziani
Authors: Parker Mara
Published: February 2012

All of Carlo Graziani's published sonatas for cello and basso, issued in three sets of six, were written during the second half of the eighteenth century, the heyday of the galant sonata. While quite similar in structure and style, these works can be distinguished on the basis of probable function—personal promotion, pedagogy, or performance. Further distinction is achieved if one considers the intended performer, the dedicatee, and the likely place of use—public or private. The technically difficult sonatas of opus 1 require a professional musician, perhaps Graziani himself. Opus 2, with its less demanding cello part, easily satisfies the needs of the amateur music maker—technically accessible and musically appealing to one with limited ability. In each case, Graziani chose to dedicate the publication to potential benefactors, Michael Kazimierz Ogiński (opus 1) and Maximilien Joseph III (opus 2), members of the European nobility with whom he had no known connection. Thus, although the works filled markedly different needs and functions, Graziani may well have considered them as a means of demonstrating his versatility as a composer of cello sonatas for the public concert stage and the private home. Opus 3, dedicated to Graziani's final patron (and former student), Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia, is an interesting mix. Written expressly with the then crown prince in mind, these sonatas are designed for the personal use of an advanced amateur who routinely took part in music-making sessions with other court musicians. These sonata collections, written at different points in Graziani's life and for a variety of reasons, serve as a set of musical snapshots of his career and the decisions he made in order to further it.
Integration of Learning
Authors: Barber James P.
Published: February 2012

This article presents a grounded theory of “integration of learning” among traditional aged college students, which is characterized by the demonstrated ability to link various skills and knowledge learned in a variety of contexts. The author analyzed 194 interviews with students at liberal arts colleges to investigate empirically the ways undergraduates bring knowledge and experiences together so that educators might be able to more intentionally promote the integration of learning. Three distinct types of integration of learning emerged during analysis: (a) connection, the discovery of a similarity between ideas that themselves remain distinctive; (b) application, the use of knowledge from one context in another; and (c) synthesis, the creation of new knowledge by combining insights.
Ponctuation et structure prosodique
Authors: Martin Philippe
Published: February 2012

En se basant sur les propriétés de la structure prosodique, indépendante mais associée à la structure syntaxique au travers de contraintes spécifiques, on pose l’existence d’une structure de ponctuation propre à l’écrit, qui livre au lecteur les indications nécessaires et suffisantes pour reconstituer la structure prosodique indispensable à la compréhension du texte, que ce soit en lecture silencieuse ou en lecture vocale.
Kikuchi's Disease: A Rare Cause of Fever and Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Vivekanandarajah A , Krishnarasa B , Hurford M , Gupta S
Published: February 2012

Kikuchi's disease is a benign condition that occurs in women. A young woman presented to the hospital with fevers and cervical lymphadenopathy. Infectious work-up was negative except for streptococcus pharyngitis. Imaging studies revealed the presence of diffuse cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy. The fevers persisted and she underwent excisional cervical lymph node biopsy that revealed histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis corresponding to a benign diagnosis of Kikuchi's disease. Three months later, the patient was afebrile and there was complete resolution of the cervical lymphadenopathy.
Preparation and properties of carbon black filled EPDM/POE thermaplastic vulcanizates
Authors: Lv Xiu Feng , Zhang Bao Sheng , Qiu Gui Xue
Published: February 2012

TPVs filled with different amounts (0–50 phr) of carbon black were prepared via melt mixing by dynamic vulcanization in Haake plasticorder at 150°C and 40rpm and then the properties of them were studied. Torque‐time curves showed that the curing degree reached a biggest value at 10 phr and then decreased with the increase of filling content while the curing rate was always rising. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, modulus as well as hardness increased with the increment of carbon black content while the tension set at break was reduced dramatically. Two phase morphology was observed by SEM photographs and the effect of carbon black on curing extent was testified. To illuminate the effect of carbon black, curometer curves and carbon black dispersion pictures were also analyzed. Rubber processing analyzer (RPA) experiments proved that there was a progressive nonlinear behavior, which was more and more clearly expressed with the increment of carbon black content and could be explained via the Payne effect. But the TPVs containing highest carbon black exhibited the fastest drop of G′ with increasing strain amplitude as obtained from the value of G0′ − G∞′. The order of tanδ at different carbon black content was tanδ (10 phr) < tanδ (0 phr) < tanδ (30 phr) < tanδ (50 phr) at lower strain amplitude. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Miscibility and specific interactions in blends of poly(4‐vinylphenol‐co‐methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine)
Authors: Belabed Ch. , Benabdelghani Z. , Granado A. , Etxeberria A.
Published: February 2012

The miscibility and phase behavior of poly(4‐vinylphenol‐co‐methyl methacrylate) (PVPhMMA50) containing 50% of methyl methacrylate with random copolymers of poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine) (PS4VPy) containing 5, 15, 30, 40, and 100% of 4‐vinylpyridine, respectively, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that for a composition of 4‐vinylpyridine less than 30%, all blends of PVPhMMA50/PS4VPy are immiscible, characterized by the apparition of two glass transitions (Tg) over their entire composition range. However, above this composition, a single Tg has been observed in all the blends of PVPhMMA50 and PS4VPy. When the amount of vinylpyridine exceeds to 40% in PS4VPy, the obtained Tgs of PVPhMMA50/PS4VPy blends were found to be significantly higher than those observed for each individual component of the mixture indicating that these blends are able to form interpolymer complexes. FTIR analysis reveals the existence of preferential specific interactions via hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl and pyridyl groups and intensifies when the amount of 4VPy is increased in PS4VPy copolymers. Furthermore, the quantitative FTIR study carried out for PVPhMMA50/PS4VPy blends was also performed for the vinylphenol and vinylpyridine functional groups. These results were also confirmed by SEM study. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Covalent immobilization of penicillin G acylase onto amine‐functionalized PVC membranes for 6‐APA production from penicillin hydrolysis process. II. Enzyme immobilization and characterization
Authors: Mohy Eldin M. S. , El Enshasy H. A. , Hassan M. E. , Haroun B. , Hassan E. A.
Published: February 2012

This article describes the covalent immobilization of penicillin G acylase (PGA) onto glutaraldehyde‐activated NH2‐PVC membranes. The immobilized enzyme was used for 6‐aminopenicillanic acid production from penicillin hydrolysis. Parameters affecting the immobilization process, which affecting the catalytic activity of the immobilized enzyme, such as enzyme concentration, immobilization's time and temperature were investigated. Enzyme concentration and immobilization's time were found of determine effect. Higher activity was obtained through performing enzyme immobilization at room temperature. Both optimum temperature (35°C) and pH (8.0) of immobilized enzyme have not been altered upon immobilization. However, immobilized enzyme acquires stability against changes in the substrate's pH and temperature values especially in the higher temperature region and lower pH region. The residual relative activities after incubation at 60°C were more than 75% compared to 45% for free enzyme and above 50% compared to 20% for free enzyme after incubation at pH 4.5. The apparent kinetic parameters KM and VM were determined. KM of the immobilized PGA (125.8 mM) was higher than that of the free enzyme (5.4 mM), indicating a lower substrate affinity of the immobilized PGA. Operational stability for immobilized PGA was monitored over 21 repeated cycles. The catalytic membranes were retained up to 40% of its initial activity after 10.5 working h. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Cholesteric monomer and elastomers containing menthyl groups: Synthesis and phase behavior
Authors: Hu Jian‐She , Li Dan , Meng Qing‐Bao , Yao Dan‐Shu
Published: February 2012

The synthesis of a new cholesteric monomer (MLC) containing menthyl groups and a series of cholesteric elastomers (LCE1−LCE4) is described. Their chemical structures and purity were characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and elemental analyses. The phase behavior and thermal stability were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. By inserting a flexible spacer between the mesogenic core and the terminal menthyl groups, mesomorphism of MLC was realized. LCE1−LCE4 with low content of crosslinking unit exhibited cholesteric phase because of the introduction of the nematic crosslinking unit. This indicates that low levels of chemical crosslinking do not significantly affect the phase behavior and mesomorphism of the elastomers, and reversible mesophase transitions can be observed. In addition, with increasing the content of crosslinking unit, the corresponding Tg decreased for LCE1−LCE4, whereas their Ti did not remarkable change. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Accelerated and real‐time creep and creep‐rupture results for aramid fibers
Authors: Giannopoulos Ioannis P. , Burgoyne Chris J.
Published: February 2012

This article presents results from conventional creep tests (CCT) and two accelerated test methods (the stepped isothermal method (SIM) and the stepped isostress method (SSM)) to determine the creep and creep‐rupture behavior of two different aramid fibers, Kevlar 49 and Technora. CCT are regarded as the true behavior of the yarn, but they are impractical for long‐term use where failures are expected only after many years. All the tests were carried out on the same batches of yarns, and using the same clamping arrangements, so the tests should be directly comparable. For both materials, SIM testing gives good agreement with CCT and gave stress‐rupture lifetimes that followed the same trend. However, there was significant variation for SSM testing, especially when testing Technora fibers. The results indicate that Kevlar has a creep strain capacity that is almost independent of stress, whereas Technora shows a creep strain capacity that depends on stress. Its creep strain capacity is approximately two to three times that of Kevlar 49. The accelerated test methods give indirect estimates for the activation energy and the activation volume of the fibers. The activation energy for Technora is about 20% higher than that for Kevlar, meaning that it is less sensitive to the effects of increasing temperature. The activation volume for both materials was similar, and in both cases, stress dependent. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Prognostic factors for survival following emergency Hartmann's procedure
Authors: Harries Rhiannon L , Twine Chris P , Kugathasan Gana , Young Holly , Jones Evelyn , Gomez Kelvin F
Published: February 2012

Introduction

Patients presenting with peritonitis require rapid treatment initiation including laparotomy. In the older population, this often leads to Hartmann's procedure being performed. The decision to perform surgery may be a difficult, multidisciplinary decision balancing premorbid comorbidity and quality of life with knowledge of the postoperative outcome. However, the evidence for survival outcome of emergency surgery based on age is lacking. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the survival implication of age and other prognostic factors on the outcome after Hartmann's procedure.

Methods

A retrospective review of prospectively collected data of all patients undergoing emergency (National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death category 1–3) Hartmann's procedure in one NHS Health Board over a 5-year period.

Results

129 patients underwent Hartmann's procedure between November 2004 and November 2009. The largest group, 61 patients (47.3%) had the procedure performed for perforated sigmoid diverticular disease. When examined at 5-year stratifications around the median, the most significant survival difference was seen at the age of 75 years (log rank χ2 11.246, p=0.001). Patients over 75 years had median survival significantly lower than those aged <75 years (p<0.001). However, Cox regression analysis showed that preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status and haemoglobin were more significant independent predictors of mortality than this age strata (p=0.001 and 0.045 vs 0.660, respectively), adjusting for diagnosis.

Discussion

ASA grade and common blood abnormalities were more predictive of mortality after Hartmann's procedure than the most significant age stratification. Furthermore, age was not independently associated with survival. It would therefore be unreasonable to refuse Hartmann's procedure based on an age alone.
Overview of the Near-IR S0 Galaxy Survey (NIRS0S)
Authors: Laurikainen E. , Salo H. , Buta R. , Knapen J. H.
Published: February 2012

An overview of the results of the near-IR S0 galaxy survey (NIRS0S) is presented. NIRS0S is a magnitude- (mB⩽12.5 mag) and inclination- (<65∘) limited sample of ̃200 nearby galaxies, mainly S0s, but includes also Sa and E galaxies. It uses deepKs-band images, typically reaching a surface brightness of 23.5 mag arcsec−2. Detailed visual and photometric classifications were made, for the first time coding also the lenses in a systematic manner. As a comparison sample, a similar sized spiral galaxy sample with similar image quality was used. Based on our analysis, the Hubble sequence was revisited: following the early idea by van den Bergh we suggested that the S0s are spread throughout the Hubble sequence in parallel tuning forks as spirals (S0a, S0b, S0c, etc.). This is evidenced by our improved bulge-to-total (B/T) flux ratios in the S0s, reaching small values typical to late-type spirals. The properties of bulges and disks in S0s were found to be similar to those in spirals and, also, the masses and scale parameters of the bulges and disks to be coupled. It was estimated that the spiral bulges brighter than −20 mag inK-band are massive enough to be converted into the bulges of S0s merely by star formation. Bars were found to be fairly robust both in S0s and spirals, but, inspite of that, bars might evolve significantly within the Hubble sequence.
On the Numerical Solution of Differential‐Algebraic Equations with Hessenberg Index‐3
Authors: Karta Melike , Çelik Ercan
Published: February 2012

Numerical solution of differential‐algebraic equations with Hessenberg index‐3 is considered by variational iteration method. We applied this method to two examples, and solutions have been compared with those obtained by exact solutions.
Security‐Constrained Unit Commitment Based on a Realizable Energy Delivery Formulation
Authors: Wu Hongyu , Zhai Qiaozhu , Guan Xiaohong , Gao Feng , Ye Hongxing
Published: February 2012

Security‐constrained unit commitment (SCUC) is an important tool for independent system operators in the day‐ahead electric power market. A serious issue arises that the energy realizability of the staircase generation schedules obtained in traditional SCUC cannot be guaranteed. This paper focuses on addressing this issue, and the basic idea is to formulate the power output of thermal units as piecewise‐linear function. All individual unit constraints and systemwide constraints are then reformulated. The new SCUC formulation is solved within the Lagrangian relaxation (LR) framework, in which a double dynamic programming method is developed to solve individual unit subproblems. Numerical testing is performed for a 6‐bus system and an IEEE 118‐bus system on Microsoft Visual C# .NET platform. It is shown that the energy realizability of generation schedules obtained from the new formulation is guaranteed. Comparative case study is conducted between LR and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) in solving the new formulation. Numerical results show that the near‐optimal solution can be obtained efficiently by the proposed LR‐based method.
Is Occurrence of Harmful Algal Blooms in the Exclusive Economic Zone of India on the Rise?
Authors: Padmakumar K. B. , Menon N. R. , Sanjeevan V. N.
Published: February 2012

Occurrence, increase in frequency, intensity and spatial coverage of harmful algal blooms during the past decade in the EEZ of India are documented here. Eighty algal blooms were recorded during the period 1998–2010. Of the eighty algal blooms, 31 blooms were formed by dinoflagellates, 27 by cyanobacteria, and 18 by diatoms. Three raphidophyte and one haptophyte blooms were also observed. Potentially toxic microalgae recorded from the Indian waters were Alexandrium spp., Gymnodinium spp. Dinophysis spp., Coolia monotis, Prorocentrum lima, and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Examination of available data from the literature during the last hundred years and in situ observations during 1998–2010 indicates clear-cut increase in the occurrence of HABs in the Indian EEZ.
Surface Texturing with Hemispherical Cavities to Improve Efficiency in Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: de Lima Monteiro D. W. , Honorato F. P. , Costa R. F. de Oliveira , Salles L. P.
Published: February 2012

Improvement of solar-cell efficiency at a minimum possible cost addition is constantly sought, and this is often achieved at incremental percentage steps. Among a number of alternatives, antireflective coatings and surface texturing are the most prominent. This paper presents an alternative texturing method of crystalline silicon in an attempt to improve the efficiency of photon transmission through the surface and collection in the bulk. The method relies on anisotropic etching of bulk silicon and requires only a single oxide mask and two etching steps with a KOH or TMAH aqueous solution. The surface texture consists of smooth hemispherical cavities, which do not demand a lithographic mask or intricate technology processes to obtain the hemispherical cavities. This method can be applied to increase the profile area of the originally flat frontal surface exposed to light and consequently increase the effective width of the depletion region. The latter implies a higher probability of photon collection, contributing to the improvement of the conversion efficiency of the device. The textured nontilted silicon solar-cell transmittance under small solar incidence angles at dawn and sunset is improved compared to a flat surface, increasing the photocurrent.
Target Points in Trastuzumab Resistance
Authors: Shojaei Sahar , Gardaneh Mossa , Rahimi Shamabadi Abbas
Published: February 2012

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of receptors is involved in cell growth and differentiation. The human EGF2 (HER2) lacks natural ligands, and correlation between HER2 levels and carcinogenesis makes the receptor an ideal candidate for targeted therapy in breast cancer. Trastuzumab is a humanized antibody applied against HER2-positive breast tumors in clinic. Metastatic tumors respond well to trastuzumab therapy for the first year, but development of antibody resistance helps the tumors to regrow allowing the disease to progress. Trastuzumab resistance is shaped via a range of intracellular signaling pathways that are interconnected and share in key effector molecules. Identification of a common node central to these resistance pathways could provide an ultimate solution for trastuzumab resistance in breast and other cancers.
Allosteric Modulation of Beta1 Integrin Function Induces Lung Tissue Repair
Authors: AlJamal-Naylor Rehab , Wilson Linda , McIntyre Susan , Rossi Fiona , Harrison Beth , Marsden Mark , Harrison David J.
Published: February 2012

The cellular cytoskeleton, adhesion receptors, extracellular matrix composition, and their spatial distribution are together fundamental in a cell's balanced mechanical sensing of its environment. We show that, in lung injury, extracellular matrix-integrin interactions are altered and this leads to signalling alteration and mechanical missensing. The missensing, secondary to matrix alteration and cell surface receptor alterations, leads to increased cellular stiffness, injury, and death. We have identified a monoclonal antibody against β1 integrin which caused matrix remodelling and enhancement of cell survival. The antibody acts as an allosteric dual agonist/antagonist modulator of β1 integrin. Intriguingly, this antibody reversed both functional and structural tissue injury in an animal model of degenerative disease in lung.
Numerical Simulation of Fractional Fornberg‐Whitham Equation by Differential Transformation Method
Authors: Merdan Mehmet , Gökdoğan Ahmet , Yıldırım Ahmet , Mohyud-Din Syed Tauseef
Published: February 2012

An approximate analytical solution of fractional Fornberg‐Whitham equation was obtained with the help of the two‐dimensional differential transformation method (DTM). It is indicated that the solutions obtained by the two‐dimensional DTM are reliable and present an effective method for strongly nonlinear partial equations. Exact solutions can also be obtained from the known forms of the series solutions.
Combination of Pan-Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor and Autophagy Inhibitor Exerts Superior Efficacy against Triple-Negative Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Rao Rekha , Balusu Ramesh , Fiskus Warren , Mudunuru Uma , Venkannagari Sreedhar , Chauhan Lata , Smith Jacqueline E. , Hembruff Stacey L. , Ha Kyungsoo , Atadja Peter , Bhalla Kapil N.
Published: February 2012

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDI) induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis, while promoting autophagy, which promotes cancer cell survival when apoptosis is compromised. Here, we determined the in vitro and in vivo activity of the combination of the pan-HDI panobinostat and the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine against human estrogen/progesterone receptor and HER2 (triple)-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Treatment of MB-231 and SUM159PT cells with panobinostat disrupted the hsp90/histone deacetylase 6/HSF1/p97 complex, resulting in the upregulation of hsp. This was accompanied by the induction of enhanced autophagic flux as evidenced by increased expression of LC3B-II and the degradation of the autophagic substrate p62. Treatment with panobinostat also induced the accumulation and colocalization of p62 with LC3B-II in cytosolic foci as evidenced by immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. Inhibition of panobinostat-induced autophagic flux by chloroquine markedly induced the accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins and p62, caused synergistic cell death of MB-231 and SUM159PT cells, and inhibited mammosphere formation in MB-231 cells, compared with treatment with each agent alone. Finally, in mouse mammary fat pad xenografts of MB-231 cells, a tumor size–dependent induction of heat shock response, ER stress and autophagy were observed. Cotreatment with panobinostat and chloroquine resulted in reduced tumor burden and increased the survival of MB-231 breast cancer xenografts. Collectively, our findings show that cotreatment with an autophagy inhibitor and pan-HDI, for example, chloroquine and panobinostat results in accumulation of toxic polyubiquitylated proteins, exerts superior inhibitory effects on TNBC cell growth, and increases the survival of TNBC xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(4); 973–83. ©2012 AACR.
Mixed Methods Inquiry in Sociology
Authors: Pearce Lisa D.
Published: February 2012

Sociology is a discipline in which the idea of a multi-method research design has held credence for many years, far before the term mixed methods research was coined. This article charts the implementation and framing of this approach over time to better understand the place and state of mixed methods research in the discipline today. Several recent applications of mixed method research by sociologists are highlighted to demonstrate the range of projects being conducted. There are challenges to further development of mixed methods inquiry within Sociology; however, the current epistemological base of the approach—pragmatism—promotes the merits of a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches and the discipline is better for it.
Effects of Gut Microbes on Nutrient Absorption and Energy Regulation
Authors: Krajmalnik‐Brown Rosa , Ilhan Zehra‐Esra , Kang Dae‐Wook , DiBaise John K.
Published: February 2012

Malnutrition may manifest as either obesity or undernutrition. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the harvest, storage, and expenditure of energy obtained from the diet. The composition of the gut microbiota has been shown to differ between lean and obese humans and mice; however, the specific roles that individual gut microbes play in energy harvest remain uncertain. The gut microbiota may also influence the development of conditions characterized by chronic low‐level inflammation, such as obesity, through systemic exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide derived from the gut microbiota. In this review, the role of the gut microbiota in energy harvest and fat storage is explored, as well as differences in the microbiota in obesity and undernutrition.
Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students’ Problem-Solving Strategies With Signed Arithmetic Story Problems
Authors: Pagliaro Claudia M. , Ansell Ellen
Published: February 2012

T he use of problem-solving strategies by 59 deaf and hard of hearing children, grades K–3, was investigated. The children were asked to solve 9 arithmetic story problems presented to them in American Sign Language. The researchers found that while the children used the same general types of strategies that are used by hearing children (i.e., modeling, counting, and fact-based strategies), they showed an overwhelming use of counting strategies for all types of problems and at all ages. This difference may have its roots in language or instruction (or in both), and calls attention to the need for conceptual rather than procedural mathematics instruction for deaf and hard of hearing students.
The Muhannad Effect: Media Panic, Melodrama, and the Arab Female Gaze
Authors: Salamandra Christa
Published: February 2012

In the summer of 2008, the Saudi-owned, pan-Arab satellite television network Middle East Broadcasting Center (MBC) aired a failed Turkish soap opera, Gümü ş , as the Arabized Noor , creating an overnight sensation and a media panic. Arab news media attributed a wave of domestic violence and divorce to the series’ handsome lead actor, and his character’s romantic deportment. This article combines content analysis of Noor , examination of online discourses surrounding the series, and interviews with its producers. It explores women’s use of new media forms—satellite television and the Internet—to articulate desire and discontent, and the media panic these expressions induced among social and religious conservatives. Opposition to Noor —and to the idolization of its male lead—invokes older notions of women’s potent sexual desire as a threat to the social order, and justifies their containment and control. The series’ ambiguity, like that of Turkey itself, invokes binaries of East and West, Islam and secularism, tradition and modernity enabling a range of commentary on the state of Arab society in general, and sexual relations in particular. The Noor phenomenon created a forum where conflicting notions of Middle Eastern identity, sexual agency and gender relations vie for dominance.
Hot and Cold Politics of Indigenous Identity: Legal Indians, Cannibals, Words, More Words, More Food
Authors: Cocom Juan Castillo , Luviano Saúl Ríos
Published: February 2012

This is an ethnographic analysis of Maya indigenous identity politics in Quintana Roo, Mexico. The analysis builds on first hand ethnographic fieldwork as a means to analyze newspaper reports and state laws concerning the nature, authority, activities, and cultural standing of Maya dignitaries—officials created by Mexican Law as a means to revitalize and support indigenous Maya culture. These figures are not as it were “autochthonous,” but an elusive illusion created by the State in a strategy of Allusion. The anthropological discourses of identity and the interpretations of time within Mayan studies are assessed for their portraiture of Indians and of Maya Indian. These portraits are manifest manners of how Indians behave, how they should behave, as well as what and how they think. They are allusions that the State uses in strategies and practices of governing the Maya. Allusion is developed as a means to understand the hot and cold interplay or complicity between the State and Indigenous communities in Quintana Roo, Mexico. The article is a form of cultural commentary and critique in the genre of ethnography.
Carving Content at the Joints
Authors: Yablo Stephen
Published: February 2012

Here is Frege in Foundations of Arithmetic, §64:

The judgment ‘Line a is parallel to line b', in symbols: a | | b, can be taken as an identity. If we do this, we obtain the concept of direction, and say: ‘The direction of line a is equal to the direction of line b.’ Thus we replace the symbol | | by the more generic symbol =, through removing what is specific in the content of the former and dividing it between a and b. We carve up the content in a way different from the original way, and this yields us a new concept. (Frege 1997, 110-11)
The Beast's Storied End
Authors: Ohi Kevin
Published: February 2012

The best readings of James's "The Beast in the Jungle"—by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and Leo Bersani—regret its ending; these very different accounts agree that James there merges with his character. Exploring free indirect style, prospopoeia, and apostrophe, this essay examines two series of "faces" in the text—one figuring knowledge acknowledged or evaded, the other performing linguistic acts of address. The often incoherent anatomies to which their intercalation gives birth signals the complexity of voice and knowledge in James's tale. Reconsidering the story's end, the essay also reflects on vicariousness, voice, and knowledge in Sedgwick's epochal, field-founding essay.
My Fair Henry?!
Authors: Anesko Michael
Published: February 2012

Henry James's seemingly misplaced fascination with the theater has long been recognized: so much so that both recent novelistic treatments of his life (David Lodge's Author, Author and Colm Tóibín's The Master ) choose to begin with the pathetic tableau of the author on stage after the première of Guy Domville , the bewildered target of catcalls and jeers from a disappointed house. Less appreciated, however, is the theater's (sometimes misplaced) fascination with Henry James. While a handful of successful adaptations of his works have been analyzed by James scholars—Ruth and Augustus Goetz's The Heiress (1947), for example, or Michael Redgrave's The Aspern Papers (1959)—the spectacular failure of the most astonishing of them has gone unremarked. The fantastic notion of employing The Ambassadors as the platform for a Broadway musical originated with no less a figure than James Thurber; but the ill-fated task of fulfilling that dubious dream was left to others now forgotten. This paper resurrects their remarkable ambition, their fleeting success, and their ultimate failure.
Queer Properties: Passion and Possession in The Spoils of Poynton
Authors: O'Toole Sean
Published: February 2012

Often identified as the first work of James's celebrated late style, The Spoils of Poynton (1897) has been widely read as a "perversion" of the conventions of the realist novel; indeed, it is marked by a to describe the objects that James declared formed "the very centre" of it. This structuring absence mobilizes an atmosphere of a sexual secret in the novel, yet the eroticism that James associates with the objects and interiors that bring the novel's two arty women together has not been fully examined. In the context of James's passionate correspondence with the sculptor Hendrik Andersen and the late-nineteenth-century nexus of aestheticism and homoeroticism, the novel's exploration of possession and possessions is, this essay argues, inextricably bound up with James's attempt to represent the subject of same-sex desire in the wake of the Wilde scandal and on the cusp of James's belated friendships with gay men.
Racial and Ethnic Variation in ADHD, Comorbid Illnesses, and Parental Strain
Authors: Hinojosa Melanie Sberna , Hinojosa Ramon , Fernandez-Baca Daniel , Knapp Caprice , Thompson Lindsay A. , Christou Alana
Published: February 2012

Our objective was to understand the racial and ethnic variation in parental strain for non-Latino White, African American, and Latino parents of children with ADHD and other comorbid diagnoses. We selected 5,397 children with a current diagnosis of ADHD from the 2007 National Survey of Child Health (NSCH) and identified comorbid conditions that could cause additional parental strain. Multivariate regression analyses of parental strain, from ADHD plus comorbid physical and mental health conditions, varied by race and ethnicity in our sample. Additionally we found variables such as mother’s mental health, family structure and social support to play significant roles in parental strain. These findings indicate a need for greater understanding of the family mechanisms in place that affect parental strain for these varying populations of families. Interventions to reduce parental strain also need to be tailored to the specific needs of racially and ethnically diverse parents of children with ADHD.
TennCare Disenrollment and Avoidable Hospital Visits in Davidson County, Tennessee
Authors: Emerson Janice S. , Hull Pamela C. , Cain Van A. , Novotny Meggan , Stanley Rodney E. , Levine Robert S.
Published: February 2012

The objective of this study was to determine if an association existed between the mid-2005 TennCare (Medicaid) disenrollment and increases in uninsured ambulatory care sensitive condition (ACSC) non-admitted ER visits and inpatient hospitalizations in Davidson County, Tennessee (= the city of Nashville). Logistic regression modeling, using an interactive term for insurance category x year, indicated that the effect of no insurance on ACSC ER visits increased by 18% from 2003 to 2007 (p<.001), but no significant effect was found for uninsured ACSC inpatient hospitalizations. These greater odds of ACSC ER visits among uninsured patients were associated with a 60% increase in hospitals’ bad debt write offs during this same time period. Therefore, the TennCare disenrollment was associated with increased likelihood of uninsured ACSC non-admitted ER visits and greater financial losses for Davidson County hospitals during this time period.
Federally Qualified Health Center Patients and Generic Drug Discount Programs
Authors: Omojasola Anthony , Hernandez Mike , Sansgiry Sujit S. , Paxton Raheem , Jones Lovell
Published: February 2012

This study evaluates the factors associated with utilization of generic drug discount program (GDDP) among federally qualified health center (FQHC) patients in Houston, Texas. A survey to determine awareness and use of GDDP was administered to 304 patients at three FQHCs in Houston, Texas. Patients at FQHCs treated with courtesy by pharmacy staff (OR: 14.1, 95% CI: 7.9–25.2), patients with a perception of positive impact of GDDP on their health (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 4.5–12.7), those who found GDDP easy to use (OR: 6.6, 95% CI: 3.8–11.6), were more likely to utilize GDDP. Approximately 56% of the participants had utilized the GDDP at least once in the past 12 months. Approximately 85% of participants indicated that they would use GDDP if recommended by a physician. It is possible for FQHCs to be good venues for increasing awareness and utilization of GDDP.
Achieving Excellence in Community Health Centers: Implications for Health Reform
Authors: Gurewich Deborah , Capitman John , Sirkin Jenna , Traje Diana
Published: February 2012

Background. Existing studies tell us little about care quality variation within the community health center (CHC) delivery system. They also tell us little about the organizational conditions associated with CHCs that deliver especially high quality care. The purpose of this study was to examine the operational practices associated with a sample of high performing CHCs. Methods. Qualitative case studies of eight CHCs identified as delivering high-quality care relative to other CHCs were used to examine operational practices, including systems to facilitate care access, manage patient care, and monitor performance. Results Four common themes emerged that may contribute to high performance. At the same time, important differences across health centers were observed, reflecting differences in local environments and CHC capacity. Conclusions. In the development of effective, community-based models of care, adapting care standards to meet the needs of local conditions may be important.
A Methodological Approach to Improve the Sexual Health of Vulnerable Female Populations: Incentivized Peer-Recruitment and Field-Based STD Testing
Authors: Roth Alexis M. , Rosenberger Joshua G. , Reece Michael , Van Der Pol Barbara
Published: February 2012

Introduction. Transactional sex has been associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Methods. Participants included female sex workers and men they recruited utilizing incentivized snowball sampling. Participants provided specimens for STI diagnostic testing and completed a semi-structured interview. Results. Forty-four participants aged 19–65 were interviewed. Participants found self-sampling to be acceptable and overwhelmingly endorsed sampling outside of a clinic (90%) for reasons such as convenience, privacy, and lack of stigma. A substantial minority (38%) tested positive for at least one STI. Conclusion. Novel strategies may encourage sexual health care and prevent STIs among sex workers. High infection and screening acceptance rates across the sample suggests that individuals engaged in transactional sex would benefit from, and would be responsive to, community-based self-sampling for STI screening.
Improving Diabetes Care in the Uninsured: The Success of the Access To Care Program in Cook County, Illinois
Authors: Leither Maxwell D. , Ontrop Nathan D.
Published: February 2012

Previous studies have shown that the uninsured receive a lower level of care and that their uninsured status is a risk factor for poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM). The Access To Care (ATC) program in Cook County, Illinois provides care to uninsured individuals who do not qualify for other public aid. The aim of our study was to evaluate DM management at Loyola University Health System’s ATC clinic. We compared ATC patients and insured patients at Loyola using processes of care and outcome measures outlined by the National Diabetes Quality Improvement Alliance. We found that the ATC group was equivalent in all processes of care. There were no differences in hemoglobin A1C or blood pressure while ATC patients had lower cholesterol. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing a clinic for the uninsured with a level of DM care and outcomes equivalent to those of insured individuals.
Type and Frequency of Substances Injected in a Sample of Haitian Immigrant Picuristes (Informal Injectionists) and Clients
Authors: Rahill Guitele Jeudy , Matthews Rebecca , Shelton Debbie
Published: February 2012

In view of health inequities disfavoring Haitians, substances given by Florida Haitian picuristes /informal injectionists were investigated. Semi-structured interviews of 10 picuristes and 25 clients were obtained, transcribed, and analyzed using ATLAS.ti and SPSS. The most commonly injected substances were antibiotics (reported by eight of 10 picuristes , who sometimes compose substances when conventional pharmaceuticals are inaccessible). Haitian picuristes give injections based on clients’ reported symptoms, and no clear or consistent protocol appears to exist for diagnosis, insuring injection safety, determining amount, or frequency of substances injected. Findings indicate frequent use and misuse of antibiotics. While not limited to this sample of Haitian immigrants, frequent and unmonitored use of antibiotics may add to health disparities by increasing antibiotic resistance among them and among others with similar health practices. A harm reduction approach for mitigating effects of antibiotic overuse is suggested.
Extending Medicare Immunosuppressive Medication Coverage
Authors: Beaubrun Anne Christine
Published: February 2012

African Americans and the poor are at a high risk of suffering from kidney disease and are at an extreme disadvantage when it comes to obtaining the resources needed to maintain a functioning kidney post-transplant. Medicare currently covers 80% of the cost of immunosuppressive therapy for up to three years following a Medicare-covered transplant for patients whose Medicare entitlement was based solely on their end-stage renal disease diagnosis. Adequate insurance coverage has the potential to prevent graft failure and retransplantation resulting from cost-related immunosuppressive medication nonadherence. Given the multifactorial nature of medication nonadherence, extending insurance coverage in an attempt to reduce graft failures should be coupled with intensive interventions to prevent the socioeconomic and various other factors associated with medication nonadherence. Lifetime Medicare coverage for all kidney-transplant recipients, coupled with medication adherence promotion, has the potential to minimize poor outcomes associated with graft failure, especially among minorities and the impoverished.
Pay-For-Performance Programs to Reduce Racial/Ethnic Disparities: What Might Different Designs Achieve?
Authors: Weissman Joel S. , Hasnain-Wynia Romana , Weinick Robin M. , Kang Raymond , Vogeli Christine , Iezzoni Lisa , Landrum Mary Beth
Published: February 2012

Pay-for-performance (P4P) programs may have unintended effects on racial/ethnic disparities. We used patient-level quality scores from the Hospital Quality Alliance and ranked hospitals by overall quality and by racial/ethnic disparities. We then modeled the effects of different P4P designs on national disparity scores. The models using overall quality to rank hospitals resulted in modest reductions in national disparity scores, although these were smaller than the reductions that were found from programs using disparities to rank hospitals. These results suggest that many hospitals treat Whites and minorities equitably. Nevertheless, in order to maximize both improvements in quality and reductions in national disparities, P4P programs should consider an approach that considers both overall quality and reductions in disparities when setting incentives.
Self-Determination and Indigenous Women's Rights at the Intersection of International Human Rights
Authors: Kuokkanen Rauna
Published: February 2012

In spite of the fast-growing literature on indigenous peoples and self-determination, there is a striking absence of research into the gendered processes and effects of indigenous self-determination or, more generally, indigenous women and self-determination. This article examines the interconnections between indigenous self-determination and indigenous women's rights with a particular focus on the question of violence against women. It contends that for indigenous self-determination to be successful it must also address the question of violence against indigenous women. The article argues for a specific human rights framework that simultaneously accounts for indigenous self-determination and human rights violations of indigenous women.
Human Rights, Emergencies, and the Rule of Law
Authors: Criddle Evan J. , Fox-Decent Evan
Published: February 2012

This article illuminates the normative basis for international law's regulation of public emergencies by arguing that human rights are best conceived as norms arising from a fiduciary relationship between states (or state-like actors) and persons subject to their power. States bear a fiduciary duty to guarantee subjects' secure and equal freedom, a duty that flows from their institutional assumption of sovereign powers. The fiduciary theory disarms Carl Schmitt's critique of constitutionalism by explaining how emergency powers can be reconciled with the rule of law.
The Theoretical Foundations of Intergenerational Ecological Justice: An Overview
Authors: Weston Burns H.
Published: February 2012

While few would deny that present generations have a moral obligation to preserve the environment for future generations, some theorists reject the existence of a legal duty in this regard. This article takes the opposite view. It argues that ample juridical as well as ethical social justice theory—contractarian distributive and reciprocity-based theories prominent among them—establishes that future generations have a legal right to a clean and healthy environment. But most helpful in ensuring intergenerational ecological justice, the author contends, is a respect-based theory of social justice which at its core honors the values that underwrite human rights law and policy inclusively conceived and embraced.