bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyurethane Membranes From Red Seaweeds For Ammonia Adsorption
Authors: Kamila Nurul , Marlina Marlina , Mustafa Irfan , Nurman Salfauqi , Saiful Saiful
Published: July 2023

Polyurethane (PU) membranes were prepared from red seaweed (Gracilaria sp.), castor oil, Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), and added benzoyl peroxide (BPO) additive to improve membrane performance. The membrane is applied for the adsorption of ammonia in the solution. FT-IR analysis showed the presence of functional group N = C = O at a wavenumber of 2276 cm-1 and the O-H functional group at a wave number of 3373.50 cm-1, indicating the urethane group's formation has been formed during membrane polymerization. SEM images showed the morphological structure of the PU membrane, where the more open structure of the PU membrane by the addition of BPO. The DSC and TGA results showed the membrane's thermal stability with the addition of BPO. The PU membrane has an optimum contact time for ammonia uptake of 40 minutes. The adsorption isotherm of ammonia by the PU membrane follows the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption capacity of the PU membrane with the addition of BPO additives was 13.2 mg/g,  which shows that the adsorption capacity of the PU-BPO membrane has a better performance than a membrane without the addition of the BPO. The PU-BPO membrane could be used as an alternative method of ammonia removal.
Evaluation of Serum Ghrelin and Leptin Levels in Patients with Celiac Disease, Type1Diabetes Mellitus and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mustafa Nisreen W. , Elia Zaid N. , Jarjes Sanaria F.
Published: July 2023

Ghrelin and leptin are two hormones that possess multiple functions, including appetite regulation, maintenance of the tissue homeostasis and regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. A few studies on serum ghrelin and leptin levels in autoimmune diseases have exhibited conflicting results. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the two energy balance hormones and autoimmune diseases. Serum ghrelin and leptin levels were assessed in 94 adult patients, 61 females and 33 males, with various autoimmune diseases (celiac disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis) as well as in 35 healthy people as controls, using commercially available ELISA kits. Statistically important distinctions (P < 0.05) were found between the patients and controls with regard to serum ghrelin and leptin levels. Moreover, females had higher mean serum ghrelin and leptin levels than males. On the other hand, serum ghrelin level was positively correlated with serum leptin levels (r = 0.399, P < 0.05) in the RA group. Whereas no significant correlation (P > 0.05) was found between serum ghrelin and leptin levels in both CD and T1DM groups. As well as the correlation of the diseases biomarkers (tissue transglutaminase antibodies, anti-tTG; glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, anti-GAD; and cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, anti-CCP) with ghrelin/leptin levels revealed that anti-CCP was the only marker that significantly (P < 0.05) associated with ghrelin and leptin in patients with RA. The current study indicates a linkage between the immune system and metabolic hormones depending on response to different autoimmune conditions. Additional studies are required to understand whether changes in ghrelin-leptin levels influence the emergence of autoimmune diseases or vice versa.
Cytotoxic Activity of Ephedra alata Extracts on Human Lymphocytes and Breast Cancer Cell Line in Vitro
Authors: Mohammed L. Z. , Mohammed R. K.
Published: July 2023

This study was conducted to use the local Ephedra alata plant as a model for extracting and detecting alkaloids in the stem of plant (alkaloids-rich extract and crude extract). Different extraction procedures were adopted for qualitative as well as the quantitative examination of the alkaloid extracts, as well as plant crude extract, the best methods for the extraction of the plant materials were applied. Simple, fast and accurate methods like TLC (thin layer chromatography) and HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography), were used for the identification of the alkaloids (ephedrine) in different extracts of stems E. alata stems. Ephedrine alkaloid was detected in each alkaloids-rich and crude extracts of E. alata stems with 8 and 5 ppm concentrations respectively.
The assessment of plant stems extract was carried out as these extracts have effects on human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231) and normal human lymphocytes (HLs). The study showed that there was no risk in using Ephedra in medicines as it has low cytotoxicity on HLs, while on MDA-MB-231 cell lines the percentage of cell death was 50.11% at a concentration 75mg/ml for crude extract after the 72-hours incubation period and the concentration of 15 mg/ml during the 24-hours incubation period had 50.63% inhibition rate.
The study showed that E. alata, an important medicinal plant, has alkaloids-rich extracts that have low cytotoxic effects on cultured HLs, particularly when used at a concentration of 5 mg/ml considering its use at low concentrations, the local Ephedra alata plant has promising effects on cancerous lines.
Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carrying lukS-lukF Gene in Iraqi Patients with Furunculosis
Authors: Al-Halaq Abdlhafed Abdlhalem Ismael , Utba Nawal M.
Published: July 2023

In this study, Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the causative agent of furunculosis in 64 (27.5%) out of 233 Iraqi patients presented with furunculosis. 16SrRNA gene was located in all isolates. Nevertheless, mecA and lukS-lukF genes were located in 60% and 4% of S. aureus isolates, respectively. Interestingly, the lukS-lukF carrying S. aureus isolates were mecA positive as well.
Integration of Sunflower and Sorghum Water Extracts Applied Alone or in Combination With Reduced Doses of Chevalier for Weed Control in Wheat
Authors: Fadhel Laith Z. , AL-Behadili Alaa A. J.
Published: July 2023

Field trial was conducted with the aim of utilizing extract of allelopathic crop to reduce the use of synthetic herbicides in wheat fields. Sorghum extract at 12 L /ha, sunflower extract at 12 L /ha, combination of sorghum and sunflower extracts at 12 L /ha and chevalier at 25, 50 and 100% of recommended dose were applied alone or in combination with each other. Weed free and weedy check treatments were included for comparison. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the recommended  dose of chevalier  treatment recorded lowest means of weed density 15.7, 23.7, 25.3 and 27.9 weeds m-2and weeds dry weight 13.4, 16.4, 23.3 and 29.2 g m-2 and gave highest percentage of weed control 71.4, 67.4, 64.3 and 63.0% after 60, 75, 95 and 115 days of planting respectively, without significant difference on the sorghum water extract + sunflower water extract  at 12L/ha +50% of  treatment. Also, the recommended dose of chevalier  treatment had highest mean of number of spikes 368.6 spike m-2, grain yield 5.75 ton ha-1, biological yield 17.70 ton ha-1 and harvest index 32.55% without significant difference in the sorghum water + sunflower water extracts at 12L/ha +50% of  treatment in the grain yield and biological yield also without significant difference on the sorghum water extract + sunflower water extract  at 12 L/ha) +33% of recommended chevalier treatment in the grain yield and biological yield. We can conclude that the allelopathic effects of sorghum and sunflower extracts with chevalier herbicide at half dose gave positive results in weeds control while improving the grain yield of wheat without a significant difference with the spraying of the chevalier herbicide at full dose.These results were a clear indication that the presence of the extracts had a synergistic or cumulative additive role with the low doses of chevalier herbicide that contributed to raising its efficacy in weeds control.
Screening of periodontal disease related Bacteria in Iraqi patients and their relationship with salivary TLR2 and IL-6 level
Authors: Hussein Fatima , Abdul Sattar Moroj
Published: July 2023

The oral cavity has the second major and most diverse microflora after the gut. Since it is the starting point of digestion; the oral microbiota is essential for maintaining oral and systemic health.  Thus, this study aimed to find the bacterial isolates which act as a causative agent of periodontal diseases in Iraqi patients and their relation with some immune oral parameters. Saliva specimens and oral swabs of 91 patients (51) and control individuals (40) were collected in this study. The specimens of patients were collected from Al-Amirya and Almaamon Specialized Dental Centers in Baghdad for a period from November/2021 to February/2022. The microbiological results revealed, that the most prevalent bacterial isolates were related to the genus, which was descending graduated into Staphylococcus spp.74.5%> Enterobacteriaceae spp.62.7% > Streptococcus spp. 13.7% and Acinetobacter spp.13.7% > Neisseria spp.9.8% > Bacillus spp.5.8% > Corynebacterium spp. 3.9% and Pseudomonas spp.3.9%, and in the same context, the acidic pH of the patient's or control's mouths is more conducive for bacterial development than other pH items. As well by using the ELISA technique, the soluble form of TLR2 7.384  ±  4.031 ng/ml elucidated a significant increase in patients than the control group 5.313  ±  3.106 ng/ml, while interleukin 6 shows a strange increase in both patients and the control group saliva 50161  ±  63869, 52087  ±  62756 ng/ l respectively.
Effect of Barium Sulfate Nanoparticles with Organic Alcohol on the Ionizing Radiation Shielding
Authors: Shareef Amjed Mohmmed , Kadim Akeel M.
Published: July 2023

In this study, the gamma ray shielding properties of  shields prepared from polyvinyl alcohol as a base material reinforced with barium sulfate nanoparticles at different reinforcement ratios (5,15,25,35,45 %) and thickness  1 cm  were studied. To determine the acceptability of these shields for use in gamma ray protection, some parameters including linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mean free path (λ), and half value layer (HVL) were determined using133Ba, 22Na, 137Cs, and 60Co radioactive sources  that produced gamma rays with energies of (356, 662, 1173, 1275 and 1332 KeV).  The (NaI (Tl)) gamma system was employed for this purpose. The fabricated shields' effective atomic number was also determined. The findings demonstrated that as the reinforcement ratios of the nano-barium sulfate were raised, the linear attenuation coefficient and the effective atomic number of the shields inceased . The mass attenuation coefficient , mean free path and the half value layer decreased as the nano-barium sulfate reinforcement ratios increased.
Impact of Electrodes Material on the Properties of Atmospheric DBD Plasma
Authors: Hashim Intesar H. , Oudah Abdel Karim L. , Hussein Bushra J.
Published: July 2023

In this research, the effect of electrode material on the parameters of the produced DBD plasma was investigated. First, a non-thermal plasma was created by applying a 15 kV AC voltage between two electrodes and using a glass plate as a dielectric barrier in the design Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma system. The obtained plasma spectrum was analyzed using optical emission spectroscopy to calculate plasma parameters by the Boltzmann plot method. Electrodes made of copper, aluminium, and stainless steel were employed in this research. Electron temperature ( ) for copper, aluminium, and stainless steel was found to be (1.398 eV), (1.093 eV) and (1.009 eV), respectively.
Studying the Corrosion Effect of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances on Thyroid Hormones
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Hind.T.H. , Al-Issa Yasser A.H.
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to determine the nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) ions amounts and investigate their potential effects on thyroid hormones in patients' saliva who were receiving treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA). In this study, 42 FOA volunteers participated, and all samples were obtained from a specialized center for manufacturing and orthodontics in Bab Al-Moadham, Baghdad, Iraq. According to the findings, individuals with fixed orthodontics have significantly higher levels of the thyroid hormones (P<0.05) FT3 and FT4 than those who did not have orthodontic treatment, whereas there were no significant changes in TSH (P=0.599). Additionally, the amounts of Ni+2 and Cr+3 were considerably higher in the individuals receiving metallic orthodontic treatment (P <0.0001). The findings of this investigation support the hypothesis that corrosion metals from the FOA have a meaningful impact on the concentration of Ni and Cr ions and, consequently, on the thyroid and salivary functioning of the patient group.
Depositional environment of the Sarmord Formation (Valanginian-Aptian) in selected areas, northeastern Iraq
Authors: Saleh Safaa A. , Tamar-Agha Mazin Y. , Balaky Sardar M.
Published: July 2023

The current study deals with microfacies and the depositional environment of the Lower Cretaceous Sarmord Formation at selected sections in Sulaimani and Erbil Governorates, northern Iraq. The Sarmord Formation alternates rhythmically between yellowish grey marly limestones and grey black marls. These lithologies are observed in all studied sections of Sarmord Formation in northern Iraq. Petrographic investigation of this study based on 240 thin sections demonstrated that the carbonate constituents are mainly composed of skeletal and non-skeletal grains. The skeletal grains include a variety of foraminiferas (planktonic and benthonic), bioclasts, calcispheres, ostracods, radiolaria, echinoderms, sponge spicules, ammonoids and belemnites. The non-skeletal grains consist of rare intraclasts. Based on field observations, two major lithofacies are recognized in the studied sections, namely marly limestone and marl lithofacies. Depending on the detailed microfacies analysis, two main microfacies, which in turn are divided into four sub-microfacies, were identified. These facies were subdivided upon their environmental interpretation into two types of facies associations: deep shelf and basinal.
From the results of petrographic, facies, and textural analyses, it is concluded that Sarmord Formation in the studied sections was deposited at a rimmed carbonate platform. With a gradual shallowing of the basin from basinal sediments at the lower part overlying by deep shelf sediments in the uppermost part of the formation in the studied sections.
On Complete Intuitionistic Fuzzy Roh-Ideals in Roh-Algebras
Authors: Atshan Arkan Ajil , Khalil Shuker Mahmood
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we shall investigate and study some kinds of ideals in an intuitionistic fuzzy setting, they are called complete intuitionistic fuzzy subalgebra, complete intuitionistic fuzzy ideal, and complete intuitionistic fuzzy ideal. In this study, we have also proposed some hypotheses to explain some of the relationships between these kinds of intuitionistic fuzzy ideals.
Preparation and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles With and Without Magnetic Field Effect Via Hydrothermal Technique
Authors: Hameed Howraa Ghassan , Abdulrahman Nadia A.
Published: July 2023

With and without the use of magnetic fields, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using the hydrothermal method at extremely high temperatures and pressures. Titanium tetra isopropoxide [Ti(C12H28O4)] was used for the preparation, which was performed at pH 7 and under temperatures of 160 and 190 ˚C. UV spectroscopy, XRD crystallography, FE-SEM microscopy were used for characterizations. From UV spectroscopy, the energy gap values were clearly affected by the increase in temperature and the presence of the magnetic field. At the temperatures of 160 and 190 oC for TiO2 without magnetic field, FE-SEM microscopy images have shown an average crystal diameter of 13.436 and 12.551 nm, respectively. While for TiO2 with the presence of magnetic field, the crystal diameters were found to be 14.665 and 14.468 nanometers, respectively, at same temperatures. Additionally, XRD analysis has revealed that the average crystal size of TiO2 at 160 and 190 ˚C without a magnetic field is 13.13 and 11.59 nanometers, respectively. While the crystal sizes for TiO2 in the presence of a magnetic field were determined to be 13.19 and 12.93 nanometers, respectively.
Some Transformation Properties with Omitted Value
Authors: Mazloum Fatima AH. , Alhily Shatha S.
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this  paper is to show that for a holomorphic and univalent function in class S, an omitted –value transformation  yields a class of starlike functions as a rotation transformation of  the Koebe function, allowing both the image and rotation of the function
   to be connected. Furthermore, these functions have several properties that are not far from a convexity properties. We also show that Pre- Schwarzian derivative is not invariant since the convexity property of the function   is so weak.
New Results of Normed Approach Space Via β-Approach Structure
Authors: Saeed Shaimaa , Hussein Boushra Y .
Published: July 2023

Researchers have identified and defined β- approach normed space if some conditions are  satisfied. In this work, we show that every approach normed space is a normed space.However, the converse is not necessarily true by giving an example. In addition, we define β – normed Banach space, and some examples are given. We also solve some problems. We discuss a finite β-dimensional app-normed space is β-complete and consequent Banach app- space. We explain that every approach normed space is a metric space, but the converse is not true by giving an example. We define β-complete and give some examples and propositions. If we have two normed vector spaces, then we get two properties that are equivalent. We also explain that β-normed app- spaces are norm bounded with a condition. We show that functions of β-normed Banach spaces are β- contraction, with some results and properties. The sequentially β-contraction is also explained and  the relation between metric β- app- space and Hausdorff space is studied.
Paradigm Shift Towards Federated Learning for COVID-19 Detection: A Survey
Authors: Krithika L. B.
Published: July 2023

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory syndrome with similar traits to common pneumonia. This major pandemic has affected nations both socially and economically, disturbing everyday life and urging the scientific community to develop solutions for the diagnosis and prevention of COVID-19. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) is the conventional approach used for detecting COVID-19. Nevertheless, the initial stage of the infection is less predictable in PCR tests, making early prediction challenging. A robust and alternative diagnostic method based on digital computerised technologies to support conventional methods would greatly help society. Therefore, this paper reviews recent research based on using machine and federated learning techniques on publicly available datasets comprising Computed Tomography (CT) images, Chest X-ray (CXR) and ultrasound of COVID-19 patients. This paper also analyses the analytical efficiency such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and F1-score of models to determine the efficacy. Based on our study, we observed that Machine Learning (ML) was proposed widely in COVID-19 prediction and diagnosis methods. But this method has challenges due to less dataset availability and privacy concerns. However, federated learning-based COVID-19 detection overcame the challenge and provided better efficacy with low datasets and supported medical data privacy. Thus, based on the advantage observed, federated learning-based COVID-19 detection systems should be developed in the future.
An Overview of Robust Video Watermarking Techniques
Authors: Hassan Yasmin Alaa , Rahmah Abdul Monem S.
Published: July 2023

Copyright hacking and piracy have increased as the Internet has grown in popularity and access to multimedia material has increased. Security, property protection, and authentication have all been achieved via watermarking techniques. This paper presents a summary of some recent efforts on video watermarking techniques, with an emphasis on studies from 2018 to 2022, as well as the various approaches, achievements, and attacks utilized as testing measures against these watermarking systems. According to the findings of this study, frequency-domain watermarking techniques are more popular and reliable than spatial domain watermarking approaches. Hybrid DCT and DWT are the two most used techniques and achieve good results in the field of video watermarking, and the system is more robust against attacks. PSNR was taken into consideration as a comparison metric in various recent articles in terms of robustness in the video watermarking field.
Production of Lactic Acid by lactobacilli using Legume Flours
Authors: Gandhi Prachi
Published: July 2023

Due to their high nutritional value, richness in carbohydrates and good source of protein, legumes are considered essential for human diet. Legumes flours were used as fermentable material for lactic acid production. Hence, previously isolated lactobacilli strains were used in this study. The strains showed strong microbial growth and their survival in glucose-containing MRS medium and were described using a modified Gompertz equation. Lactobacilli exhibited the shortest latency phase in MRS-glucose medium. While the highest lactic acid produced was 15.40g/l by Lpb. pentosus U1 isolate after 48hours. Furthermore, these strains were evaluated in flours samples for acidification capacity. The results showed a decrease in pH values after 12hours of fermentation, indicating the fastest acidification with maximum lactic acid generation of 31.66, 25.33, 31.00 and 31.66g/l for black gram flour by Lpb. plantarum M1, Lpb. pentosus U1, Lpb. plantarum VIP1 and Lev. brevis TIP1 isolates. Black gram flour was considered the best among the used substrates for enhancing lactic acid production. Overall, this study can be termed as a preliminary step for fermentation using the desired organism in preparing legume-based food at the industrial level and benefiting consumers.
Estimation of the Standard Atmospheric Earth Model Parameters at 86 km Altitude
Authors: Hussein Hussein Omran , Yaseen Waleed Ibrahim
Published: July 2023

Utilizing the Turbo C programming language, the atmospheric earth model is created from sea level to 86 km. This model has been used to determine atmospheric Earth parameters in this study. Analytical derivations of these parameters are made using the balancing forces theory and the hydrostatic equation. The effects of altitude on density, pressure, temperature, gravitational acceleration, sound speed, scale height, and molecular weight are examined. The mass of the atmosphere is equal to about 50% between sea level and 5.5 km. g is equal to 9.65 m/s2 at 50 km altitude, which is 9% lower than 9.8 m/s2 at sea level. However, at 86 km altitude, g is close to 9.51 m/s2, which is close to 15% smaller than 9.8 m/s2.
 These results have been compared with an international standard atmosphere. The presumed atmosphere model differs significantly from the actual atmosphere because weather fluctuations are not taken into consideration in this model.
Performance Estimation of Solar Imagery Using Different Types of Atmospheric Turbulence Models
Authors: Ali Huda S.
Published: July 2023

This paper proposed several approaches for estimating the optical turbulence of the Earth’s atmosphere and their effect on solar images’ resolution using ground-based telescopes based on von Kárman, Kolmogorov, and modified von Kárman PSDs models. The results showed a strong correlation coefficient for the modified von Kármán model of atmospheric representation. As can be seen in the case where solar adaptive optics have been properly designed, they typically decrease aberration considerably and provide greatly improved imagery.
Flood Scenario of Tigris River in Baghdad City
Authors: Shaban Auday H.
Published: July 2023

Flooding hazard is an important and dangerous natural phenomenon that leads to significant material losses. It should be studied and scenario to prevent significant losses. The studies should consider the impact of many factors such as human, infrastructure, economic,..etc. The main objective of the research is the risk management procedure. The study was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq. The materials for completing this research were prepared by gathering a satellite image and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) via the USGS website, then processed, analyzed, and converted into a different flood region concerning the probability of rising water levels where the normal height of Baghdad city is 28m over sea level. This scenario defines 3m, 4m, and 5m heights over the Tigris river cliff, which are the possible heights at which the water level may rise above the normal height. The range of the elevations becomes either 31m, 32m, or 33m over sea level. Many software’s were conducted in this research, such as MatLab, ArcGIS, and ENVI.
Ameliorative Potentials of Quercetin in Some Histo-Physiological and Biochemical Parameters Against Alterations Induced Benzene Inhalation in Albino Rats
Authors: Ismail Treefa Farouq , Abdulkareem Saman Muhsin , Jafar Sarwar Nawzad
Published: July 2023

Present study investigates the protective role of quercetin in reducing benzene-induced toxicity in rats. Sixteen adult rats, weighing 200-250 g, were selected. They were divided into four groups: 1. Control group, 2. Benzene inhaled group, 3. Quercetin group and 4. Group of benzene and quercetin in combination. Biochemical, spermatological parameters, and histopathological changes in lungs were recorded. Results of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine levels in the serum of rats were higher in benzene exposed rats than in unexposed rats. Conversely, exposure to benzene led to a decrease in sperm quality compared to the unexposed rats. Histopathological examinations of the lung tissues revealed structural changes in exposed rats, including emphysema, thinning of the wall of the alveolar sac, congestion between the alveolar sacs and more elasticity in the wall of smooth muscles. The present study showed that quercetin treatment can reverse the negative effects of benzene in approximately all studied parameters and showed amelioration in the histological anomalies induced by benzene toxicity.
Impact of SARS-COV-2 Variants on the Infection Severity among Iraqi Patients
Authors: Ghazzi Jinan J. , Fadhil Hula Y. , Aufi Iman M.
Published: July 2023

Severe acute respiratory corona viruses (SARS-COVs) are a particular category of RNA viruses that have emerged as a potential danger to the human population, triggering epidemics and pandemics that have resulted in catastrophic human mortality. The SARS-CoV2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that began on December 12, 2019 in Wuhan, China, has been linked to bats. A new SARS-CoV-2 variant appeared in late December 2020. Mutations with variants continued to appear until the time of this study. Thus, this study aimed to provide a local database among Iraqi patients about SARS-COV-2 variants as there have been very few local studies documenting its existence and its relationship with the progression and severity of infection. For this study 234 nasal swabs were collected from COVID-19 positive individuals between March 2021 to March 2022. RNA was extracted and tested by using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay to confirm infection, and the variants were detected by using a special kit that stratified the characteristic mutations. Results showed the presence of Alpha, Beta or Gamma and Omicron variants in our population at the same time as their global spread at high rates with different severity of cases.  It  increased in severity during infections with wild type 26/32 (81.25%) and Alpha 82/109 (75.23%) variants but a high incidence of Beta or Gamma 28/38 (73.68%) and Omicron 35/46 (76.09%) variants within mild-moderate infections. Moreover, there was a significant increase in severity in older age groups than younger. Hence, we can conclude that most severe infections with SARS-COV-2 appeared in wild type and during the appearance of Alpha variant which provided a unique database of variants of COVID-19 circulating in the Iraqi population and also assisted in determining the severity of disease. More research is needed on this subject.
Adsorption of Direct Blue 2 Dye by Dry Biomass of Bacillus cereus from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Khazaal Duaa Sameer , Hatif Zainab Hani , Mahdi Zinah Mohammed , Hussain Sajida Frhan
Published: July 2023

One of the significant environmental problems is the pollution of water by dyes;. Biological treatment method was used, which is one of the effective ways to reduce this sort of pollution as it is environment friendly, economic and does not require any expertise. Under controlled conditions, this study estimated the efficacy of dry biomass for Bacillus cereus to reduce Direct Blue 2 dye from the aqueous solution. The optimum conditions such as pH values, contact time and concentration of dyes, were used in this research. The end results showed that the adsorption efficiency, when using a weight of bacterial biomass 0.2 g/50mL, reached 69.2% at a concentration of 10 ppm after one hour at 40°C and pH5. While it reached 54.6% for a concentration of 15 ppm with a contact time of three hours and pH 7. At 40oC and one hour contact time, the adsorption efficiency for a concentration 20 ppm was 46.5% at pH9. The optimum conditions for the highest adsorption efficiency were achieved after one hour and pH5.
Prevalence of Some Parasitic Infections in Iraq from 2019 to 2020
Authors: Bedair Nada Hassan , Zeki Israa Naif
Published: July 2023

Parasitic infections are associated with low education, wars and migration, absence of animal control and poor sanitation. Infections like visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis (VL and CL), trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis, malaria, echinococcosis and schistosomiasis are all spread worldwide and have harmful effects on individuals and societies. The aim of this survey was to identify the possible association of these infections with spatial distribution (province/governorate) and patient demographics (age and gender). According to the data collected from the Iraqi National CDC from 2019 to 2020, the predominant parasitic infections in both years were trichomoniasis and CL, followed by echinococcosis, VL and toxoplasmosis. Iraq is malaria and schistosomiasis free. The highest incidence rate of trichomoniasis was in Duhouk (2019) and Al-Dewaniya (2020) and majority of CL cases were in Diala in both 2019 and 2020. The number of echinococcosis cases was the highest in Thi-Qar (2019) and in Nineveh (2020). VL mostly affected Al-Dewaniya (2019) and Thi-Qar (2020). Toxoplasmosis scored the highest incidence rate in Basra in 2019 and 2020. All infections were higher in 2019 than in 2020, except for CL. As for age groups: echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis and trichomoniasis were higher in age group 15 – 44 years, while VL and CL was most common in  0-14 years juveniles in both years. Females were more affected than males by echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis, and trichomoniasis, while VL and CL affected males more often in the years included in this study.
ئاسته‌نگێن فێربوونا زمانێ ئينگليزى ل كولیژا زمانان زانكۆیا دهۆك
Authors: Ismail Rajab Suliaman , Mohammed Jasim Shireen
Published: July 2023

زمانێ ئینگلیزى ڕۆله‌كێ گرنگ د هه‌مى بیاڤێن ته‌كنولوژى، بازرگانى، ئابوورى، سیاسى و په‌روه‌رده‌ییدا دگێڕیت و بوویه‌ به‌شه‌ك ژ پلان و سیاسه‌تا زمانى و په‌روه‌رده‌ییا زۆربه‌ى وه‌لاتێن جیهانێ. سه‌ره‌راى جیهانیبوونا زمانێ ئینگلیزى، گه‌له‌ك قوتابى ژبه‌ر فاكته‌رێن جوداجودا ل ده‌مێ فێربوونا زمانێ ئینگلیزى، رويبروى ئاریشه‌ و ئاسته‌نگان دبن. ئارمانجا سه‌ره‌كییا ئه‌ڤێ ڤه‌كولینێ ده‌ستنیشانكرنا ئه‌وان ئاسته‌نگانه‌ یێن كو دبنه‌ ڕێگر بۆ سه‌رخستنا فێربوون و فێركرنا زمانێ ئینگلیزى. ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كولینه‌ یا تایبه‌ته‌ ب دیاركرنا ئاریشێن فێربوونا زمانێ دوويێ (ئینگلیزی) یێن قوتابیێن پشكێن زمانێ ئينگليزى و وه‌رگێڕانێ ل كولیژا زمانان زانكۆیا دهۆكێ. ڤه‌كولین ل دویڤ رێبازا وه‌سفی شرۆڤه‌كارى و ئامارى هاتییه‌ ئه‌نجامدان، بۆ زانینا رێژه‌یا هه‌ر ئاسته‌نگه‌كێ، دوسه‌د و هه‌شتێ قوتابیێن  هه‌ر چارقوناغان،  ل پشكا زمانێ ئینگلیزی و وه‌رگێڕانێ ل كولیژا زمانان هاتینه‌ وه‌رگرتن، كو چه‌ندین پرسیار هاتینه‌ ئاراسته‌ كرن ل دور ئه‌و ئاریشێن كو ئه‌و رويبروى دبن د فێربوونا زمانێ ئینگلیزیدا، له‌ورا ئه‌نجامێن ئه‌ڤان پرسياران ب شێوه‌يه‌كێ ئامارى هاتيه‌ دياركرن كو د ئه‌نجامدا گرنگترين ئاسته‌نگێن زمانى و نه‌زمانى هاتينه‌ ده‌ستنيشانكرن ئه‌وێن كاريگه‌ريه‌كا نه‌رێنى دكه‌نه‌ سه‌ر قوتابى د فێربوونا زمانێ ئينگليزيدا.
كليلێن ڤه‌كولينێ: فێربوونا زمانێ دوويێ، زمانێ ئينگليزى، ئاسته‌نگێن فێربونا زمانێ دوويێ، ئاسته‌نگێن زمانى، ئاسته‌نگێن نه‌زمانى.
آليات الرقابة البرلمانية على أعمال السلطة التنفيذية وموقف القضاء منها
Authors: Sabri Akrey Bahjat , Hasan Khamo Mohammed
Published: July 2023

تعد الرقابة البرلمانية على اعمال السلطة التنفيذية من المسائل المهمة التي من شأنها ان تحول دون استبداد السلطة التنفيذية بصلاحياتها الامر الذي يؤثر في نهاية المطاف على حقوق الافراد وحرياتهم، لذلك اقرت غالبية الدساتير العراقية منها وغيرها اليات الرقابة البرلمانية على اعمال السلطة التنفيذية في صلب الوثيقة الدستورية ، وتتمثل هذه الاليات لحق السؤال والاستجواب واثارة المسؤولية الوزارية وغيرها من الاليات الاخرى، ولعل الغاية الاساسية من اقرار هذه الاليات في صلب الدساتير ومنها الستور العراقي الدائم لسنة ( 2005) هي ايجاد ضمانة حقيقية لحقوق الافراد وحرياتهم الاساسية ، فضلاً عن ضمان عدم استبداد السلطة التنفيذية باختصاصاتها.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PERDATA TERHADAP ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE YANG MENIMBULKAN KERUGIAN MENURUT HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Simbolon Yolanda
Published: July 2023

Artificial Intelligence ranging from the simple ones to the advanced forms is developed by various countries, including Indonesia. It is then inavoidable that all these types of Artificial Intelligence might produce errors and causing loss to the user. Unfortunately, at present there is no law in Indonesia explicitly regulates the legal protection for users who encounter material and immaterial losses due to output errors made by Artificial Intelligence. This research is done to contribute in the field of private law with a normative and descriptive approaches. It is found that dynamic and open regulation is needed to anticipate and deal with any future risks. As a conclusion, as there is no legislation that specifically regulates the responsibility of material and immaterial losses caused by Artificial Intelligence, hence at present we can only rely on Article 1367 of the Burgerlijk Wetboek known as strict liability. Artificial Intelligence can be considered as an intangible property, therefore the person who oversees the use of Artificial Intelligence has a responsibility for the losses caused in the course of the use of Artificial Intelligence.
PERAN FAKULTAS HUKUM DALAM PENYIAPAN KESIAPSIAGAAN NASIONAL MENANGGULANGI TERORISME DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Anakotta Marthsian Yeksi , Krisnanto Wahyu , Handayani R.R. Elizabeth Marcia Titi
Published: July 2023

The use of information technology for the crime of terrorism is marked by a revolution in the modus operandi of crimes, starting from conventional to modern technological methods. Even though so far Indonesia has handled it fairly well, the crime of terrorism will continue to develop in other ways so that a continuous development of the ways to handle the crime is also needed through the preparation of what is called ‘National Preparedness’. This research begins with the examination of the the crime of terrorism through a legal (criminal) and information technology perspective of the institution of higher education in law (Faculty of Law) in a planned, integrated, systematic and sustainable manner. This study aims to identify and understand the role of higher education institutions, especially Faculty of Law, in preparing Indonesia's National Preparedness to tackle terrorism crimes. Researchers use empirical juridical research by collecting primary data through in-depth interviews. The result is that higher education, especially the Faculty of Law, plays a role in supporting the preparation of National Preparedness through the implementation of legal higher education by integrating criminal law studies with the field of terrorism and the field of technology in implementing the Tridharma. Terrorism studies from a legal (criminal law) and information technology perspective can serve as a reference for the Government of Indonesia in preparing National Preparedness to tackle terrorism crimes.
Prediksi Interaksi Drug Target pada Gen Kanker Menggunakan Metode Lasso-XGBoost
Authors: Ginoga Muh Fadhil Al-Haaq , Kusuma Wisnu Ananta , Mushthofa Mushthofa
Published: July 2023

Pengobatan kanker saat ini sering dilakukan dengan kemoterapi menggunakan obat kimia dan dapat menyebabkan efek samping. Alternatif pengobatan dapat menggunakan senyawa herbal yang diketahui memiliki efek samping lebih sedikit. Analisis Drug Target Interaction (DTI) dapat dilakukan untuk mengetahui interaksi senyawa herbal terhadap protein kanker. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan model prediksi DTI dengan melakukan seleksi fitur pada dataset menggunakan Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) lalu dilakukan penyeimbangan data dengan Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) dan diprediksi menggunakan Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Data protein terkait kanker didapatkan dari daftar Cancer Gene Census, dari daftar tersebut dilakukan penelusuran pada database GDSC, DrugCentral, dan DrugBank untuk menghasilkan daftar senyawa obat yang berinteraksi dengan protein tersebut. Selain itu, senyawa herbal dihasilkan dari database HerbalDB dan Knapsack. Pengujian dilakukan pada beberapa jenis ekstraksi fitur seperti CTD, DC, PseAAC, dan PSSM. Hasil prediksi menunjukkan beberapa senyawa herbal seperti andrographolide, ursolic acid dan oleanolic acid memiliki interaksi pada protein terkait kanker. Selain itu, LASSO-XGBoost dapat memprediksi DTI pada kanker dengan skor F1 0,861; AUROC 0,927; recall 0,85; precision 0,866; dan accuracy 0,897. AbstractCurrently, cancer treatment is usually done with chemotherapy using chemical drugs that can cause side effects. An alternative treatment can use herbal compounds that known have fewer side effects. Drug Target Interaction analysis (DTI) can be performed to determine the interaction of herbal compounds with cancer proteins. In this study, a DTI prediction model is built by selecting features on the data set using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) then data balancing performed with Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) performed to predict the interaction. The cancer-associated protein data were obtained from the Cancer Gene Census list, then the list used to search on the GDSC, DrugCentral and DrugBank databases to generate a list of drug compounds that interact with these proteins. In addition, plant compounds to be generated from the HerbalDB and Knapsack databases. Tests were performed on several types of feature extraction such as CTD, DC, PseAAC and PSSM. Predictive results suggest that several herbal compounds such as andrographolide, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid interact with cancer-associated proteins. In addition, LASSO-XGBoost was able to predict DTI in cancer with score of F1 0,861; AUROC 0,927; recall 0,857, precision 0,866; and accuracy 0,897.
Peningkatan Efisiensi Waktu Seleksi Karyawan dengan Kombinasi Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process dan Simple Additive Weighting
Authors: Lemantara Julianto , Suprianta I Ketut Adi , Arsyanti Lidya Ananda , Lago Oktavia Deyo
Published: July 2023

Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) masih menjadi suatu persoalan bagi beberapa perusahaan, salah satunya yaitu pada perusahaan PT. Sasmita Abadi Gloves. Perusahaan ini mempunyai kendala dalam seleksi calon karyawan karena terdapat kesalahan rekrutmen sekitar 3 sampai 4 orang dalam satu tahun. Di samping itu, proses seleksi memerlukan waktu yang lama yaitu 7 hingga 10 hari untuk merekap dan menghitung penilaian calon karyawan dalam bentuk Microsoft Excel. Untuk itu, penelitian kali ini memiliki tujuan menghasilkan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) yang bisa menyajikan rekomendasi yang tepat dalam proses seleksi calon karyawan terbaik menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dengan waktu yang lebih cepat dan efisien. Dalam penerapannya, AHP digunakan dalam menghitung bobot kriteria/subkriteria dan SAW digunakan dalam menghasilkan ranking calon karyawan. Kriteria untuk seleksi di bagian produksi, yaitu kedisplinan, wawancara, dan tes praktik, sedangkan kriteria untuk seleksi di bagian nonproduksi, yaitu kedisplinan, wawancara, tes tulis, dan psikotes. Jumlah alternatif bisa berapapun, tetapi untuk uji coba, penelitian ini menggunakan 15 alternatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SPK dapat menentukan calon karyawan terbaik dengan lebih tepat dan objektif. SPK juga dapat mempercepat proses seleksi calon karyawan menjadi 3 hingga 5 hari sehingga meningkatkan efisensi waktu seleksi hingga dua kali lipat. AbstractThe human resources management is a problem for several companies, one of which is the company PT. Sasmita Abadi Gloves. This company has problems in selecting prospective employees because there are recruitment errors of about 3 to 4 people in one year. In addition, the selection process takes a long time, namely 7 until 10 days to recap and calculate the assessment of prospective employees in the form of Microsoft Excel. Therefore, this research aims to produce a Decision Support System (DSS) that can present appropriate recommendations in selecting the best prospective employees using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) methods with a faster and more efficient time. In its application, AHP was used to specify the criteria/subcriteria weight, while SAW was used to produce the ranking of prospective employees. The criteria for selecting in production departments are discipline, interviews, and practical tests, while the criteria for selecting in non-production departments are discipline, interviews, written tests, and psychological tests. The number alternatives number can be unlimited. For tetsing, this study uses 15 alternatives, The research result showed DSS can determine the best employee candidates more precisely and objectively. DSS can also speed up the employee selection process to 3 until 5 days, thereby increasing efficiency of selection time, up to two times.
Desain Head-Up Display Berbasis Refleksi untuk Aplikasi Navigasi pada Mobil Menggunakan Metode Human-Centered Design
Authors: Hermawan Andrian Riza , Tolle Herman , Akbar Sabriansyah Rizqika
Published: July 2023

Aktivitas mengemudi mobil disertai penggunaan navigasi adalah hal yang umum ditemui pada masyarakat. Perangkat navigasi umumnya menampilkan petunjuk rute pada layar perangkat ponsel pintar atau pada head unit. Namun, penggunaan perangkat navigasi dengan cara tersebut dapat membuat pengendara mobil terdistraksi pada saat mengemudi. Penelitian ini memberikan alternatif solusi untuk meminimalisir distraksi pada pengemudi mobil menggunakan desain navigasi Head-up Display (HUD) yang direfleksikan pada kaca depan mobil dengan pendekatan Human-Centered Design (HCD). Informasi navigasi direfleksikan pada kaca depan mobil menggunakan ponsel pintar sebagai proyektor informasi navigasi. Penelitian ini juga berkontribusi pada perancangan kerangka desain navigasi yang terlihat jelas serta nyaman bagi pengemudi mobil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep HUD dalam  penyampaian informasi navigasi tidak membuat koresponden merasa terdistraksi. Analisis hasil kuisioner menunjukkan bahwa warna sian adalah warna yang paling memiliki dampak positif bagi informasi navigasi yang terlihat jelas dan nyaman. Aspek ukuran dari kerangka desain navigasi yang optimal ditunjukkan dengan informasi navigasi berada di dalam lingkaran berdiameter 5,077 cm. Kontribusi dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan referensi untuk diterapkan pada aplikasi navigasi yang menggunakan metode Head-up Display. AbstractDriving a car activity while using navigation is commonly found in people. The navigation device usually displays route guide either on the smartphone’s screen or the head unit. However, the usage of this kind of navigation while driving a car can make a distraction for the driver. This research proposed an alternative solution to minimize distraction and to keep car driver stay on focused while they look at reflected navigation HUD information on the windshield. This research uses Human-Centered Design (HCD) as the method. This research proposes a simple HUD concept to reduce distraction. This HUD Concept uses the car’s windshield as a reflector for navigation arrows. This concept uses a smartphone to project navigation information. This research proposes a framework design of navigation that is clear to see and comfortable from a car driver’s viewpoint. The result of the research shows that the proposed HUD concept to display navigation information on a car’s windshield makes correspondents didn’t feel distracted. Another research result about optimal navigation design framework in color aspect is cyan. The size aspect of the optimal navigation design framework is inside a 5.077 cm diameter circle. The results of this research can be used as a reference for navigation applications that use the HUD method to display navigation information.
Segmentasi Citra X-Ray Dada Menggunakan Metode Modifikasi Deeplabv3+
Authors: Wahyuningrum Rima Tri , Jannah Maughfirotul , Satoto Budi Dwi , Sari Amillia Kartika , Sensusiati Anggraini Dwi
Published: July 2023

COVID-19 is a disease that affects the human respiratory system. The latest developments in September 2022 the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide reached 608,328,548 with 6,501,469 patients who died. While in Indonesia confirmed COVID-19 reached 6,408,806 with 157,892 patients who died. Reserve Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is the most widely used tool. However, the latest RT-PCR test report shows that the RT-PCR test is inadequate. As an alternative, radiographic images such as chest x-rays and CT scans can help detect this. Radiographic images, especially x-rays, need processing to be able to make a diagnosis. Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) is a computer assisted diagnosis system that can be used as supporting information in making a diagnosis. To make it easier to make a diagnosis, we need a deep learning model that can help with this. DeepLabV3+ is a method that can carry out the segmentation process. DeepLabV3+ which is an extension of DeepLabV3 with the aim of improving the segmentation results. DeepLabV3+ uses a modified Xception as the backbone. In this study, 1,500 chest x-ray image data were used which were then divided into 80% for training data and 20% for testing data. There are 4 test scenarios in this study, namely with a learning rate of 0.01 without CLAHE, a learning rate of 0,01 and using CLAHE, a learning rate of 0,0001 without CLAHE, and a learning rate of 0,0001 using CLAHE. Of the 4 scenarios the learning rate scenario is 0,01 and using CLAHE gets the highest evaluation results using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 96.91%.