bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical cloud radiative heating in the tropics: Confronting the
EC-Earth model with satellite observations
Authors: Johansson Erik , Devasthale Abhay , Tjernström Michael , Ekman Annica M. L. , Wyser Klaus , L'Ecuyer Tristan
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Understanding the coupling of clouds to large-scale circulation is one of the grand challenges for the global climate research community. In this context, realistically modelling the vertical structure of cloud radiative heating/cooling (CRH) in Earth system models is a key premise to understand these couplings. Here, we evaluate CRH in two versions of the European Community Earth System Model (EC-Earth) using retrievals derived from the combined radar and lidar data from the CloudSat and CALIPSO satellites. One model version is also used with two different horizontal resolutions. Our study evaluates large-scale intraseasonal variability in the vertical structure of CRH and cloud properties and investigates the changes in CRH during different phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a process that dominates the interannual climate variability in the tropics. EC-Earth generally captures both the intraseasonal and meridional pattern of variability in CRH over the convectively active and stratocumulus regions and the CRH during the positive and negative phases of ENSO. However, two key differences between model simulations and satellite retrievals emerge. First, the magnitude of CRH over the convectively active zones is up to twice as large in the models compared to the satellite data. Further dissection of net CRH into its shortwave and longwave components reveals noticeable differences in their vertical structure. The shortwave component of the radiative heating is overestimated by all model versions in the lowermost troposphere and underestimated in the middle troposphere. These over- and underestimates of shortwave heating are partly compensated by an overestimate of longwave cooling in the lowermost troposphere and heating in the middle troposphere. The biases in CRH can be traced back to disagreements in cloud amount and cloud water content. There is no noticeable improvement of CRH by increasing the horizontal resolution in the model alone. Our findings highlight the importance of evaluating models with satellite observations that resolve the vertical structure of clouds and cloud properties.
Extremes floods of Venice: characteristics, dynamics, past and
future evolution
Authors: Lionello Piero , Barriopedro David , Ferrarin Christian , Nicholls Robert J. , Orlic Mirko , Raicich Fabio , Reale Marco , Umgiesser Georg , Vousdoukas Michalis , Zanchettin Davide
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Floods in the Venice city centre result from the superposition of several factors: astronomical tides, seiches and atmospherically forced fluctuations, which include storm surges, meteotsunamis, and surges caused by planetary waves. All these factors can contribute to positive sea-level anomalies individually and can also result in extreme sea-level events when they act constructively. The largest extreme sea level events have been mostly caused by storm surges produced by the Sirocco winds. This leads to a characteristic seasonal cycle, with the largest and most frequent events occurring from November to March. Storm surges can be produced by cyclones whose centers are located either north or south of the Alps. The most intense historical events have been produced by cyclogenesis in the western Mediterranean, to the west of the main cyclogenetic area of the Mediterranean region in the Gulf of Genoa. Only a small fraction of the interannual variability of extreme sea levels is described by fluctuations in the dominant patterns of atmospheric circulation variability over the Euro-Atlantic sector. Therefore, decadal fluctuations of sea-level extremes remain largely unexplained. In particular, the effect of the 11-year solar cycle appears to be small, non-stationary or masked by other factors. The historic increase in the frequency of extreme sea levels since the mid 19th Century is explained by relative sea level rise, with no long term trend in the intensity of the atmospheric forcing. Analogously, future regional relative mean sea level rise will be the most important driver of increasing duration and intensity of Venice floods through this century, overwhelming the small decrease in marine storminess projected during the 21 century. Consequently, the future increase of extreme sea levels covers a large range, partly reflecting the highly uncertain mass contributions to future mean sea level rise from the melting of Antarctica and Greenland ice-sheets, especially towards the end of the century. In conclusion, for a high emission scenario the magnitude of 1-in-100 year sea level events at the North Adriatic coast is projected to increase up to 65 % and 160 % in 2050 and 2100, respectively, with respect to the present value, and subject to continued increase thereafter. Local subsidence can further contribute to the future increase of extreme sea levels. This analysis shows the need for adaptive planning of coastal defenses with solutions that can be adopted to face the large range of plausible future sea-level extremes.
Permafrost thawing exhibits a greater influence on bacterial richness and community structure than permafrost age in Arctic permafrost soils
Authors: Ji Mukan , Kong Weidong , Liang Chao , Zhou Tianqi , Jia Hongzeng , Dong Xiaobin
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Global warming accelerates permafrost thawing and changes its microbial
community structure, but little is known about how microorganisms in
permafrost with different ages respond to thawing. Herein, we disentangled
the relative importance of permafrost age (young, medium-aged, old, and ancient, spanning from 50 to 5000 years) and thawing status (active, transitional, and
permanently frozen) in shaping bacterial community structure using HiSeq
sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results revealed significant influences
of both permafrost thawing and age on bacterial richness. The bacterial
richness was significantly higher in the young and thawed permafrost, and
the richness increase was mainly observed in Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Deltaproteobacteria, and
Alphaproteobacteria. Permafrost thawing led to a gradual change in bacterial community
structure and increased contribution of determinism. Permutational analysis
of variance demonstrated that thawing significantly changed bacterial
community structure at all soil ages, but the community convergence due to
permafrost thawing was not observed. Structural equation modeling revealed
that permafrost thawing exhibited a greater influence on both bacterial
richness and community structure than permafrost age. Our results indicate
that microorganisms in permafrost with different ages respond differently to
thawing, which eventually leads to distinct bacterial community compositions
and different organic carbon decomposition processes in Arctic permafrost.
Development of a numerical model of a novel leading edge protection component for wind turbine blades
Authors: Finnegan William , Dasan Keeryadath Priya , Ó Coistealbha Rónán , Flanagan Tomas , Flanagan Michael , Goggins Jamie
Published: November 2020

Abstract. As the world shifts to using renewable sources of energy,
wind energy has been established as one of the leading forms of renewable
energy. However, as wind turbines get increasingly larger, new challenges
within the design, manufacture and operation of the turbine are presented.
One such challenge is leading edge erosion on wind turbine blades. With
larger wind turbine blades, tip speeds begin to reach over 300 km h−1. As water droplets impact along the leading edge of the blade, rain erosion
begins to occur, increasing maintenance costs and reducing the design life
of the blade. In response to this, a new leading edge protection component
(LEP) for offshore for wind turbine blades is being developed, which is
manufactured from thermoplastic polyurethane. In this paper, an advanced
finite element analysis (FEA) model of this new leading edge protection
component has been developed. Within this study, the FEA model has been
validated against experimental trials at demonstrator level, comparing the
deflection and strains during testing, and was found to be in good agreement. The
model is then applied to a full-scale wind turbine blade and is then modelled
with the LEP bonded onto the blade's leading edge and compared to previously
performed experimental trials, where the results were found to be well
aligned when comparing the deflections of the blade. The methodology used to
develop the FEA model can be applied to other wind blade designs in order to
incorporate the new leading edge protection component to eliminate the risk
of rain erosion and improve the sustainability of wind turbine blade
manufacture while increasing the service life of the blade.
Concentración Económica y “Rentismo” en el Pensamiento de Wilhelm Röpke
Authors: Resico Marcelo Fernando
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo está centrado en las causas de la concentración y del “rentismo” como fenómenos distorsivos de la economía de mercado, así como las orientaciones para limitarlas, según el economista ordoliberal W. Röpke (1899-1966). Asimismo, se desarrollan algunas de las consecuencias de estos fenómenos, en particular sobre la estructura del estado, y su impacto sobre la distribución del ingreso y de la riqueza. Para ello se recorren cinco apartados: el primero dedicado a la concentración socio-económica y su origen; el siguiente, referido a las consecuencias de la concentración sobre la estructura y funcionamiento del estado; luego nos ocuparemos de la competencia leal y su degeneración; para desarrollar, a continuación, el concepto de “rentismo” y las consecuencias sobre la distribución; finalmente, en las prescripciones para la reforma propuestas por Röpke, nos centraremos en la defensa de la competencia y el tipo de estado requerido para su aplicación.
Diversidad humana, "razas" y comportamiento económico: la posición de los economistas clásicos
Authors: Batista Medina José Antonio
Published: November 2020

En este artículo analizaremos la cuestión de la diversidad humana y el comportamiento económico en el pensamiento de los economistas clásicos. Nos centraremos en la explicación de las diferencias en el comportamiento y los resultados económicos en el contexto del debate racial del siglo XIX. Nuestro objetivo específico será responder a dos cuestiones fundamentales: ¿sostienen los economistas clásicos la idea de la igualdad humana? ¿Hay racismo en sus análisis económicos?
MOVIMENTO PARA UMA ESCOLA CONTRA HEGEMÔNICA
Authors: Marini Alexandre , Passos Daniela Oliveira Ramos dos
Published: November 2020

Anomia, consciência coletiva e solidariedade: conceitos clássicos dentro da sociologia, são tratados neste artigo como pontos de partida para discutir a escola e o ensino sobre direitos humanos como fundamentais para a construção de um mundo mais diverso e inclusivo. Esta análise inclui críticas ao sistema escolar e à Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos como ferramentas de dominação e perpetuação do poder, instituindo-se como paradigmas frente às características emancipadoras que possuem no imaginário popular. Em contrapartida, considerando a escola como um ambiente de produção e não apenas de reprodução de saberes, propõe-se que tais paradigmas possuem potência para funcionarem como catalizadores e propulsores de transformações sociais contra hegemônicas.
FNDE E OS MECANISMOS DE CONTROLE DO FUNDO DE FINANCIAMENTO ESTUDANTIL (Fies): VULNERABILIDADES, INSUSTENTABILIDADE FISCAL E RETRAÇÃO.
Authors: Dos Reis Antônio Cláudio Andrade , Chaves Vera Lúcia Jacob
Published: November 2020

Resumo: O artigo analisa o controle institucional exercido pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE) como aparelho ideológico de um Estado regulador e suas implicações junto ao Fundo de Financiamento Estudantil (Fies), apontando suas vulnerabilidades, insustentabilidades fiscais e retração. Utilizou-se a metodologia quanti-qualitativa com base em dados documentais e estatísticos. Constatou-se que os mecanismos de controle utilizados no fundo de financiamento possibilitaram fragilidades no modelo adotado, resultando em alavancagem no número de contratos, gerando incompatibilidade com o volume de recursos disponíveis, acentuando o grau de inadimplência no programa.

 

Palavras-chave: Financiamento Estudantil. Política Educacional. Controle Institucional. Inadimplência.
FINANCIAMENTO DAS UNIVERSIDADES FEDERAIS – DETERMINANTES ECONÔMICOS E POLÍTICOS
Authors: Leher Roberto , Santos Maria Rosimary Soares dos
Published: November 2020

O artigo propugna e examina uma terceira fase no sistema de acumulação neoliberal no Brasil, cujo marcador temporal é o impeachment ilegítimo de 2016. Sustenta que a compreensão da situação orçamentária das universidades federais e do sistema de ciência e tecnologia exige o método histórico, articulando economia e política, não para buscar as continuidades, mas as diferenças específicas. A investigação do orçamento do Estado Federal permite indicar que a Emenda Constitucional no 95/2016 engendra um novo momento das contas públicas no qual as universidades federais deixam de receber os aportes orçamentários necessários ao seu desenvolvimento institucional, conformando uma tendência estrutural que exigira novas abordagens para a defesa da educação pública no país.
Assistência odontológica multidisciplinar à pessoa com deficiência: impacto na qualidade de vida
Authors: Pereira Amanda Lúcia , Belizário Lícia Clara , Esgalha da Rocha Tiago , Theodoro Letícia Helena , Farnezi Bassi Ana Paula
Published: November 2020

O Centro de Assistência Odontológica à Pessoa com Deficiência (CAOE), da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba (UNESP) é uma Unidade Auxiliar de Estrutura Complexa que realiza assistência multidisciplinar de média e alta complexidade de pacientes com desordens neurológicas e deficiência intelectual.  O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio do uso de questionários aplicados aos responsáveis, antes e após o tratamento, o impacto das ações do CAOE na qualidade de vida e na melhora da saúde bucal dos indivíduos com necessidades especiais. Os questionários foram aplicados aos responsáveis de 100 pacientes atendidos no período de março 2018 a junho 2019. Após tabulação e análise descritiva dos dados pode-se concluir que a atuação do CAOE cumpre seu papel na sociedade na qual está inserida, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos que apresentam desordens neurológicas e deficiências intelectuais e que necessitam de atenção e tratamento odontológico multidisciplinar especializado.
Perspectiva social e abordagem crítica dos multiletramentos na cibercultura
Authors: Fernandes Terezinha , Cruz Dulce Márcia , Santos Edméa
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivos compreender os princípios teóricos da perspectiva social e da abordagem crítica dos letramentos pelo viés do modelo ideológico proposto por Street (2014), além de refletir sobre as perspectivas e os desafios dos multiletramentos na cibercultura. O estudo teórico representa o esforço de apontar os elementos constitutivos dos multiletramentos na cultura contemporânea: práticas sociais, eventos de letramentos e práticas comunicativas e suas linguagens, dialogando com práticas ciberculturais na universidade. O estudo mostra que o caráter múltiplo, heterogêneo e multifacetado dos multiletramentos na cibercultura institui práticas sociais e educativas que se relacionam com cultura, poder e discurso, convergindo diversas potencialidades para o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos e saberes críticos.
Incorporating Human Rights Concepts in Palestinian Mathematics Text Box: A Proposed Mechanism
Authors: Karama Muneer Jebreel
Published: November 2020

This paper Submitted as enrichment material on the possibility of integration of the principles of human rights in Palestinian mathematics text boxes, with a view to sensitizing child rights, through the integration of human rights principles in some sections of Math such as: Set Theory, Geometry, Statistics, Probability, and Problem Solving, So it is an integral new contribution to this paper which is directed  to Palestinian Ministry of Education to study, and highlighted  the issue of citizenship, human rights on Palestinian  Math Curriculums' .
Cost of controlling Rhipicephalus microplus in dairy cattle through different methods
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Vicente Fábio Henrique , Lopes Marcos Aurélio ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lima Francisco Helton Sá de ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, Brunh Fabio Raphael Pascoti ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Resende Letícia Nogueira ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, Resende Thiago Zulli Zanardo ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, Rosa Marcelo Simão da ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais
Published: November 2020

This study examines the cost of applying ixodicides by using three methods (subcutaneous injection, pour-on and spraying), in different animal categories, to generate information that can help in the choice of the method. The research was carried out between May and September 2017, in the dairy cattle section of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the South of Minas Gerais - IFSULDEMINAS - Muzambinho campus, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. All operational expenses related to the application of the ixodicides were recorded. Data were collected by three people: two to time the application of the product and one to record the measured data. Twenty-seven Holstein cattle infested with Rhipicephalus microplus were used, consisting of 12 calves, six heifers and nine adult cows. A simulation was carried out with 50 and 100 animals to check the effect of the production scale on the cost of applying the ixodicides. Application times (animal transport, product dosing and application itself) for the calves, heifers and cow categories were shorter in the injection and pour-on methods, which did not differ from each other in any of the three studied categories. The time spent per animal on the washing of personal protective equipment and washing of sprayer reduced as the number of animals increased, because these procedures are performed only once regardless of the number of animals. The pour-on method was the least expensive. Production scale was found to be an important factor for diluting fixed costs and optimizing labor.
Study of metalloproteinases in the blood of goats experimentally infected with caprine encephalitis arthritis virus
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Galiza Ylana Santos de , Eloy Angela Maria Xavier ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Pinheiro Raymundo Rizaldo ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Peixoto Renato Mesquita ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Lima Ana Milena César ,   Universidade Federal do Piauí, Barroso Maria Luane da Silva ,   Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Fonseca Luzianna Macedo ,   Centro Universitário INTA
Published: November 2020

Caprine arthritis encephalitis is a lentiviral disease that leads to considerable losses in goat farming. In the acute phase of viral infection, though antiviral antibodies are produced by the host’s immune system, they are not sufficient to be detected by serological tests. Acute infections begin with an incubation period, during which the viral genome replicates and host innate responses are initiated. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that play an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of tissue remodeling. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of MMPs and their activity in the blood serum of goats experimentally infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV). Five dairy goats, aged 3-4 years, were intravenously inoculated with CAEV Cork strain (titer: 105-6 TCID50/mL) after being tested negative for CAEV thrice at consecutive intervals of 30 days using western blot analysis and nested-PCR. The study included three stages: S1 or pre-infection stage; S2 or seroconversion stage, corresponding to the occurrence of first seroconversion; and S3 or post-seroconversion stage, corresponding to 23 weeks after seroconversion. Zymography was performed for the samples using gelatin zymography gels (12.5%), which were subjected to electrophoresis at 170V, 1A, and 300W for 50-70 min. The density of MMP-2 was found to be lower at S1 (1456.20 pixels) than that at S2 and S3 (1943.80 and 2104.40 pixels, respectively) (P < 0.05); and the density of MMP-9 was found to be lower at S3 (133.60 pixels) than that at S1 and S2 (359.60 and 370.60 pixels, respectively). The density of proMMP-2 was low at S1 and S3 (130.45 and 145.20 pixels, respectively). On the other hand, the density of proMMP-9 was statistically different between S1 and S3 (89.22 vs. 415.60 pixels). Both proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 were absent at S2. Thus, MMP-2 and MMP-9 exhibited opposite behaviors depending on the stage of infection. As the greatest activity of MMP-2 was detected at stage S3, we suggest that MMP-2 can be used as a biomarker for complementary diagnosis of acute CAEV infection. In addition, the presence of proMMP-13 can be used to indicate active viral infection.
Effect of sugarcane treated with non-protein nitrogen and hydrolyzed with calcium oxide in the diet of dairy steers
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Silva Junior Baltazar Alves da , Oliveira Marcus Vinicius Morais de ,   Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Maltempi Filho Paulo ,   Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Luz Dirce Ferreira ,   Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Goes Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli ,   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Vargas Junior Fernando Miranda de ,   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Published: November 2020

This study examines the effect of sugarcane hydrolyzed with calcium oxide (quicklime) associated with non-protein nitrogen (a mixture of urea and ammonium sulfate) on nutrient intake, rumen degradability and kinetics, intestinal digestibility and blood and urinary parameters in dairy steers. The treatments consisted of fresh sugarcane (Sc); fresh sugarcane with urea (ScUr); sugarcane hydrolyzed with quicklime (ScQl); and sugarcane hydrolyzed with quicklime plus urea (ScUrQl), maintaining a roughage:concentrate ratio (DM basis) of 70:30. Four rumen-cannulated Jersey steers were used in a Latin square design for data collection. The animals were fed the respective diets for 72 days. Mineral matter intake differed across the treatments, with higher values obtained with the treatments containing quicklime. The average mineral matter intake was 0.27, 0.22, 0.54 and 0.48 kg day-1 for the Sc, ScUr, ScQl and ScUrQl treatments, respectively. Short-chain fatty acid and ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations, pH, rumen-fluid kinetics and potential degradability of DM (''a'' + ''b'' fractions) were not influenced by the additives. The diets containing quicklime provided an increase in calcium absorption, which averaged 18.7, 21.3, 25.8 and 26.5% for the Sc, ScUr, ScQl and ScUrQl treatments, respectively. Serum nitrogen levels were higher in the animals fed urea, averaging 12.3, 20.4, 15.3 and 21.1 mg dL-1 urea for the Sc, ScUr, ScQl and ScUrQl treatments. However, urinary glucose and nitrogen excretion levels did not differ significantly. Hydrolysis with quicklime and the inclusion of urea in sugarcane promote increases in intake, absorbed calcium and plasma nitrogen levels.
Chemical characteristics and digestibility of forage maize hybrids associated with foliar fungicide application
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Mendes Marcelo Cruz , Stadler Alan Junior ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Oliveira Kathia Szeuczuk de ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Neumann Mikael ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Jesus Samuel Schneider de ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Faria Marcos Ventura ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar fungicide application on the chemical characteristics and in situ digestibility of forage and silage in forage maize hybrids with different grain textures in two sowing seasons. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications, in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, 4 hybrids, with and without foliar fungicide application, in two sowing seasons. The hybrids used were DKB240PRO, AS1572PRO, 32R48YH and AG8690PRO3. Data were tested by analysis of variance; the means were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability and two non-orthogonal contrasts were performed. The application of fungicide on forage maize hybrids reduced the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), soft dough stage and in the silage produced. The sowing season in December negatively influenced the chemical parameters of forage maize hybrids, compared to sowing in October. Hybrids with highly vitreous endosperm presented the highest contents of NDF and ADF, soft dough stage and in the silage produced. The application of fungicide (trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole) at the V8 and R1 stages positively influenced in situ digestibility soft dough stage and in the silage produced, depending of the sowing season.
Body size in beef cows and its influence on calf production
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Vara Carina Crizel da , Silveira Magali Floriano da ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Vaz Ricardo Zambarda ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Restle João ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Machado Diego Soares ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Macari Stefani ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas
Published: November 2020

Cattle farming becomes more intensive when the productive efficiency of the cows is increased, and nutrition is adjusted to the animal biotype. Eighty purebred Charolais and Nellore cows and their crosses between 3 and 7 years of age, were grouped for body weight at calving into Light (332.6 kg), Moderate (385.3 kg) and Heavy (444.6 kg). Cows and their calves were weighed at calving, at 63 days (early weaning) and at 210 days. The estimated milk production of the cows was evaluated by manual milking at 21, 42 and 63 days postpartum. The difference in the weight of the cows at calving was maintained during lactation and at 210 days postpartum. The body size of the cow did not influence milk production. Heavier cows produce heavier calves up to 365 days of age compared to lighter cows. The reproductive performance of the cows is not affected by their weight. The production of kilograms of calf for every 100 kilograms of cow at calving and weaning is higher in Light cows. The production of kilograms of calf adjusted for the pregnancy rate of the cows is higher in Heavy cows. Production efficiency in kilograms of calf per area is lower in Heavy cows.
Growth and performance curve of dairy goats fed with detoxified castor bean cake by different alkaline solutions
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Araújo Ricardo Alves de , Pompeu Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco ,   EMBRAPA Caprinos e Ovinos, Rogério Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro ,   EMBRAPA Caprinos e Ovinos, Salles Hévila Oliveira ,   EMBRAPA Caprinos e Ovinos, Costa Clésio dos Santos ,   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fontinele Renato Gomes ,   Empresa de Assistência Técnica Extensão Rural do Ceará, Silva Luiza de Nazaré Carneiro da ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Neiva José Neuman Miranda ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the substitution of soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor cake (DCC) by two alkaline products on intake, performance and on the growth curve of goat’s kids. 24 were used, Saanen goats (n=12) and Anglo Nubian (n=12), with initial body weight of 16.2±0.67 kg, initial age of 3 months and confined during the growth phase. The treatments consisted of three diets: a standard diet formulated with a traditional protein source, the soybean meal (SM); and test diets, which consisted of a protein source alternative, differing detoxification processes, on the basis of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, in factorial 3 x 2 (diet SM, Ca(OH)2 DCC and NaOH DCC x Saanen and Anglo Nubian) totaling six sessions with four replicates each. The experimental period lasted 270 days. The non-linear models used were the Gompertz and Logistic. There was no effect (P < 0.05) of diets on the intake of nutrients, but there was no effect (P > 0.05) of breeds and interaction between both factors. The intake of DM during the phase of growth was greater for the goats fed with SM. There was no effect (P>0.05) of diets nor of the breeds in the ADG. Feed conversion was influenced (P < 0.05) by the diets, in which the goats fed diets with DCC presented better feed conversion. It has been observed that both models had good adjustments, with values numerically superior to 90%, however, the logistic model showed higher R2 and, at the same time, asymptotic index (AI). Despite the ADG be equal, the breeds presented absolute growth rate (AGR) vary over time, where the Saanen goats reached the peak first (181 days), with AGR of 0.14 kg day-1. However, even the goats Anglo Nubian reaching the highest peak late, the AGR was higher, around 0.16 kg day-1 higher than the Saanen. Both castor cake has the potential to replace the SM on a diet of goat’s kids during the growth phase. The mathematical model of Logistics estimates more accurately the growth of Saanen goats and Anglo Nubian, being that the rate of absolute growth is greatest in goats Anglo Nubian.
Use of cashew and castor essential oils to improve fibre digestibility in high forage diets: digestibility, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis
Authors:   Universidad del Tolima, Castañeda-Serrano Roman David , Barreto-Cruz Olga Teresa ,   Universidad del Tolima, Coneglian Sabrina Marcantonio ,   Mosaic Fertilizantes, Branco Antonio Ferriani ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Published: November 2020

High forage diets in the tropics are less efficient and more contaminating due to high energy losses as methane and the low digestibility of tropical forages. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of essential oils (EO) of Anacardium occidentale and Ricinus communis as additives in high forage diets on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and synthesis of microbial protein. Four ‘Holstein’ steers fitted with ruminal cannula were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design (21-day period). The treatments were 1, 2, 4 and 8 g day-1 EO per animal (essential oils, Oligobasics®). The diet was total mixed ration (TMR) of Brachiaria hay (Brachiaria humidicola cv. Lanero) and concentrate (ground corn, soybean meal, ammonium sulphate, urea and minerals) in an 80:20 ratio. Differences were observed in the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) in levels above 2 g day -1 EO (P < 0.05). The VFA (volatile fatty acids) acetate and propionate were higher in diets with 2 g day -1 EO (P < 0.05), without affecting the acetate:propionate ratio. Levels above 2 g day -1 EO negatively affected the faecal N excretion (P < 0.05). The inclusions of A. occidentale and R. communis EOs at 2 g day-1 per day animal improved fibre digestion and decreased N excretion. These results indicate that this mixture of EOs may have strong antimicrobial activity at lower doses. The N losses, fibre digestion and digestibility could be improved with the use of cashew and castor essential oils in high forage diets.
Use of by-products in a total mixed ration silage
Authors:   Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Marocco Daison Henrique , Favero Patrick ,   Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Guralski Rodrigo ,   Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Basi Clovisnei ,   Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Zacaron Wilson ,   Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Solivo Gabriela ,   Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Zotti Claiton André ,   Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluated fermentation losses and silage quality with the addition of different by-products in TMR. A completely randomized design was used with four treatments: Control (CTL, with hay, corn silage, cracked corn, soybean meal, wheat bran and minerals); CTL plus the addition of fresh orange pulp (FOP); CTL plus soybean hulls (SBH) or CTL plus wet brewery wastes (WBW), with six replicates. The ingredients were mixed and ensiled in 24 PVC experimental silos. After 56 days of ensiling, fermentation losses (effluents, dry matter and gases), and the TMR silage pH and chemical composition were analyzed; aerobic stability was evaluated over seven days after the silos were opened. Lower dry matter (P ? 0.0001) was observed in TMR ensiled with wet (WBW and FOP) compared to dry (SBH) by-products. Greater ADF (P = 0.031) was observed in SBH when compared to others by-products. WBW and FOP increased dry matter (P ? 0.0001) and effluent losses (P ? 0.0001) when compared to CTL and SBH. SBH treatment remained stable after 176-hour, which differ (P = 0.0015) compared with the other treatments (range from 94.5 to 99 hours of exposure to air). The density (kg DM/m3) changed (P ? 0.0001) among treatments. The inclusion of SBH in TMR silages had the greatest density, followed by CTL, WBW and FOP. The density was negatively correlated with DM losses ( r= - 0,81; P ? 0.0001). The pH differ (P = 0.003) among treatments. Highest pH of TMR silage was observed for SBH (3,67) and the lowest (3,56) for FOP. Soybean hulls successful improved aerobic stability and density, whereas aerobic stability and density were decreased and fermentation losses increased when fresh orange pulp and wet brewery were used. Little effects on chemical composition were observed, thereby agro-industrial by-products can be used in TMR silages as long as there is adequate product availability and pricing.
Spinopelvic Dissociation: Assessment, Reduction Strategies, and Fixation Techniques
Authors: Quacinella Michael A. , Morrissey Patrick B. , Parry Joshua A. , Mauffrey Cyril
Published: November 2020

Spinopelvic dissociation is a rare injury associated with 2% to 3% of transverse sacral fractures and 3% of sacral fractures associated with pelvic ring injuries. When spinopelvic dissociation is expediently identified and treated appropriately, patient outcomes can be maximized, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Because of its rarity and complexity, there remains a paucity of high-level evidence-based guidance on treating this complex issue. No consensus exists on fixation techniques or reduction maneuvers to achieve stability, allowing for early functional rehabilitation. The purpose of this article is to review the current body of literature to better understand this injury pattern to help establish a treatment algorithm that appropriately guides the treating surgeons in the surgical planning and perioperative care of these patients.
Preoperative Serum C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio Is a Predictor of Complications After Single-stage Revision for the Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Fury Matthew S. , Klemt Christian , Barghi Ameen , Tirumala Venkatsaiakhil , van den Kieboom Janna , Kwon Young-Min
Published: November 2020

Background:

The C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) is a marker of inflammation that has been associated with negative outcomes in the general surgery. This study investigates the potential association of preoperative CAR with postoperative complications and readmission rates in the treatment of patients with single-stage revision total joint arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection.

Methods:

A total of 213 consecutive patients who had undergone single-stage revision for total joint arthroplasty with the preoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection and preoperative C-reactive protein and albumin values were included. The area under receiver operating characteristic curves was calculated to evaluate the CAR as a predictive value for the complications.

Results:

Significant differences between the mean CAR were found for patients with 30- and 60-day readmissions and reinfection (P < 0.01). CAR combined with serum and synovial fluid markers demonstrated significantly higher sensitivities and specificities for the prediction of 30-day (total knee arthroplasty [TKA]: 94%; 95%; total hip arthroplasty [THA]: 91%; 96%) and 60-day readmissions (THA: 94%; 95%; TKA: 92%; 96%) and reinfections (TKA: 94%; 95%; THA: 87%; 96%), when compared with only serum and synovial fluid markers combined (83%; 84%; 85%; 87%; 85%; 88%; P <0.01).

Discussion:

High preoperative CAR, when combined with serum and synovial fluid markers, was associated with increased risk of reinfection and 30- and 60-day readmissions, suggesting that preoperative CAR is a clinically useful predictor for postoperative complications in patients with periprosthetic hip and knee joint infections.
Exploring Communication Processes in Referral Pathways for Chronic Disease Management: Malaysian Public Primary Health care Experiences
Authors: Abdullah Zalilah , Lan Low Lee , Rahim Iqbal Ab , Azam Syafinas , Johari Mohammad Zabri , Nasir Nazrila Hairizan
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Referrals are a two-way communication between healthcare facilities to enable information transfer for the continuity of patient care. The Enhanced Primary Healthcare (EnPHC) initiative, a complex intervention package to improve non-communicable disease (NCD) management, introduced improvements to the NCD’s referral mechanism from primary healthcare clinics to the hospital. This study explores the communication process between the Malaysian public primary healthcare and hospital for chronic care management. 

METHOD: A qualitative exploratory study using purposive sampling was done in all twenty EnPHC intervention clinics. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were carried out among all healthcare providers working in EnPHC clinics. The 47 interview sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically.

RESULTS: A total of 97 healthcare providers participated. Three main themes of the communication process between the primary health care and hospital during the implementation of EnPHC intervention emerged from the analysis. These are; (1) structured information relay, (2) no show appointment tracking via various communication devices has strengthened the mechanism to monitor the referred patient appointment scheduling and their adherence to the appointment, and (3) inter-facility networking facilitated the implementation of EnPHC’s referral mechanism.

CONCLUSION: The EnPHC referral mechanism created a platform for PHC clinics and hospitals to communicate and build rapport to help ensure care continuity for NCD patients. The traditional method of communication between healthcare facilities should change and instead start using the newest or most current, advanced technology.
The Status Quo and Reform Thinking of the Talent Training Mode of Biology Teachers in Middle School
Authors: Peng Bo , Zhang Chuanling , Peng Feng , Sun Xuezhong , Tian Xiayu , Ma Xiaorui , Pang Ruihua , Sun Yanfang , Zhou Wei , Wang Quanxiu
Published: November 2020

It has always been one of the hot spots of the whole society to improve teachers’ quality and ability. With the progress of the era and the rapid development of biology, it puts forward higher requirements for the cultivation of biology teachers of middle school. How to cultivate a large number of high-quality biology teachers of middle school with good ethics and outstanding abilities is a focus problem worth exploring. There are some problems in the traditional training mode of biology normal students, such as backward teaching idea, unreasonable teaching arrangement and uneven teaching level. In view of these problems, normal universities should take a series of reform measures to promote the professional development of middle school biology teachers. Therefore, this paper summarizes the reform necessity, current situation and existing problems of the talent training mode. It also puts forward a series of reform measures on the talent training mode in the aspects of learning, innovation and reflection. Thus, this paper will provide important reference for the reform of talent training mode of middle school biology teachers in the future.
A numerical model for impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles on through lane capacity metrics
Authors: He Lieyun , Lin Xinming , Liu Qiang , Tao Jason X.
Published: November 2020

There is a conflict between through motor vehicles and the left-turn non-motorized vehicles, and the capacity of straight-line motor vehicles decreases. This study analyzes the impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles on the capacity of through motor vehicle lanes. A correction coefficient model for calculating the reduced capacity of through motor vehicle lanes has been developed based on analysis of the conflicting points at an intersection and the negative exponential function of traffic flow distribution. With consideration of intersection geometric design, channelization, and traffic characteristics, the correction coefficient model was further enhanced by regression to capture the impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles from the same and the opposite directions. A simulation with VISSIM is used to validate the developed model. It shows that the calculated capacity from the correction coefficient model is close to the simulation results. The experiment indicates that the derived model is highly accurate in calculating the capacity of through motor vehicle lanes and has potential application for situations of mixed traffic in China. The study shows that the capacity of a through traffic lane at the permitted phase decreases with the increase of left-turning non-motorized vehicles, and the impact of left-turning non-motorized vehicles from the same direction is more significant. The results show that the traffic capacity of straight-line motor vehicle decreases with the increase of the left-turn non-motorized vehicles flow rate and the influence of the left-turn non-motor vehicle is more obvious. It is suggested that in practice, the correction coeffi-cient of non-motor vehicle on the left turn should be 0.88, and the correction coefficient on the left turn should be 0.95, respectively. The study recommends coefficient values for both non-motorized vehicles from the same and opposite directions for use in real applications.
Identity Crises, Violence and Trauma. A Cultural and Psychoanalytical Approach to Post-War and Contemporary British Drama
Authors:   Editura Universitara, Toma Laura Monica
Published: November 2020

How can one aspire to reveal the intricacies and peculiarities of a literary work without imposing his/her own interpretation as the only valid one or obscuring the intended message, if there is one? Then of course, I wrote a book on violence, trauma and identity issues, something which felt baffling at times and I faced challenges of all kinds. My purpose here is not to solve this old-age problem. I can only suggest ways of averting this danger, such us my taking into account various theories when doing research on a topic, always questioning my judgments and taking care to throw light over a subject and not obfuscate it. Literary criticism can feel sometimes like a Procrustean bed but there is nothing that a genuine passion for this field cannot solve(...) The author
Membrane Applications for Lactose Recovering
Authors: Teresa Zorro Nobre Macedo Antónia , Filipa Oliveira Monteiro Joana , José Chaveiro da Silva Azedo David , da Costa Neves Fernandes de Almeida Duarte Elizabeth , Dias Pereira Carlos
Published: November 2020

Cheese whey, the co-product from cheese making processes, is a natural and cheap source of high value compounds, mainly proteins, small peptides, oligosaccharides, lactose, and minerals. Lactose is the main component (about 90%) of the dry extract of cheese whey. This carbohydrate has plenty of application in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its relative low sweetening power, caloric value, and glycemic index. Besides, lactose is currently available for diverse physicochemical properties, namely particle size, bulk density, distribution, and flow characteristics, extending its use for a larger range of applications. Recovery of lactose from cheese whey can be carried out through different processes, such as membrane processes, crystallization, anti-solvent crystallization, and sonocrystallization. This chapter aims to furnish a deep insight into the performance of membrane processes for lactose recovery from cheese whey.
Performance of Students and Nursing Staff in Nosocomial Infection Control in Behbahan City
Authors: Mashali Hadi , Kheibar Mohamad , Dehghani Leila , Kheibar Nasrin
Published: November 2020

Background: Considering the fundamental role of nursing staff and students in patient care and nosocomial infection control. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of students and nursing staff in nosocomial infection control in Behbahan city in 2019. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study. The participants were 217 nursing staff and students of three hospitals in Behbahan who were selected by random sampling. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire that consisted of demographic information and five common nursing procedures. The performance measurement criterion was based on fulfilling or not fulfilling standards. After gathering the data, they were analyzed by statistical tests, including ANOVA and Pearson correlation in SPSS 16 software. Results: The participants were 157 nursing staff and 60 nursing students. In line with the main objective of the study, the results showed that the average performance scores of students (152.9 ± 12.5) and nursing staff (15.5 ± 13.2) were at a good level, and there was no statistically significant difference between the performance of students and nursing staff (P = 0.08). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the nursing staff of three hospitals (P = 0.76). However, there was a statistically significant difference between the performance scores of staff in different wards (P < 0.001). The CCU and NICU personnel outperformed other wards’ personnel. Conclusions: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that nurses at different levels of education, with different demographic characteristics, and different work environments have a good performance in controlling infections. This is a strong point in the nursing profession.