bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los orígenes de la cooperacion internacional en materia de terrorismo. Las primeras respuestas internacionales
Authors: Aparicio Ordás Luis Angel
Published: March 2017

El nacimiento de un nuevo fenómeno de violencia y de terror, distinto a cualquier otro fenómeno histórico de violencia ha obligado desde sus orígenes a la Comunidad Internacional a desarrollar una serie de instrumentos legales ante el problema común del terrorismo. En este trabajo analizaremos los orígenes de la cooperación internacional en materia de terrorismo y cómo la Comunidad Internacional se ha visto obligada a dar una respuesta en diversos momentos históricos ante la amenaza de fenómenos basados en la violencia y el terror.
De Zetas a Maras. Concepciones de mafia y crimen organizado en América Latina
Authors: Montero Moncada Luis Alexander , Abril Pérez Liana , Herrera Ángela
Published: March 2017

Este artículo pretende realizar una definición teórica de los grupos Zetas y Maras para enmarcarlos como mafias o grupos de crimen organizado, susceptibles de una caracterización de nueva insurgencia. Para esto, se recurre a elementos teóricos planteados para caracterizar diferentes mafias en el sistema internacional, fundamentalmente la mafia siciliana. Posteriormente se analiza, de una manera comparada, los riesgos y amenazas que estas dos agrupaciones plantean desde un punto de vista asimétrico. La conclusión a la cual se llega, es que los Zetas mexicanos tienen más elementos teóricos para ser definidos como una mafia, propiamente dicha, mientras que los Maras son más puramente organizaciones de crimen organizado. No obstante, tanto los Zetas, por su carácter de fuerza especial al servicio del crimen, como los Maras, por su des-territorialidad y características sociales, deben ser tenidos en cuenta como amenazas asimétricas a nivel regional.
An Exploration of Contingent Faculty Experiences at a Private, Liberal Arts College
Authors: Vicente Dr. Erin
Published: March 2017

Both internal and external factors have incited higher education institutions to reevaluate and restructure antiquated policies and practices that influence contingent faculty support systems and contingent faculty interpersonal relationships with their institutional community members. Higher education institutions now employ over a half million contingent faculty nationwide, with numbers of contingent faculty hiring continuing to grow (Maldonado & Riman, 2009).

Currently, much of the research on contingent faculty stresses the use of contingent faculty and full-time faculty perceptions of contingent faculty at the community college level (Meixner, 2010; Tomanek, 2010; Wallin, 2004). Differences between full-time and contingent faculty are difficult to label because of the diversity of contingent faculty motivations (Gappa, Austin, & Trice, 2005; Wagoner, 2007). Therefore, depending on how researchers conduct their study questions contingent faculty either seem satisfied, vulnerable and disenfranchised, or somewhere in the middle which produces a confusing picture of contingent faculty experiences (Wagoner, 2007; Waltman et al., 2012). This qualitative study explores contingent faculty experiences at a single institution through their own voice. Focus on an interpretative phenomenological approach allows for rich, descriptive storytelling that communicates the uniqueness and distinctiveness of the contingent faculty’s experiences, and their perceptions of how they identify and connect with their institutional support systems and institutional members. Such specificity also highlights the institution’s cultural values and norms. While some shared experiences were similar among contingent faculty, there were also experiences unique to the individual. Exploration of contingent faculty voice is imperative in driving institutional platforms that aid in creating positive institutional support systems for contingent faculty. 
L’Inde dans la mise en scène des chefs-d’oeuvre européens d’Ariane Mnouchkine
Authors: Hasiuk Magdalena
Published: March 2017

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Genetic study and selection indices for grain yield of mungbean
Authors: Choudhary P. , Payasi S.K. , Patle and N.K.
Published: March 2017

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes along with two parents were studied to assess the magnitude of genotypic variability, heritability and selection indices among the yield components and their direct and indirect effects on grain yield. On the basis of genetic variability, all the traits exhibited high heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean (h2³ 60%, GAM³20 %) except 100 grain weight (h2 = 0.51, GAM= 8.0 %), indicating the preponderance of additive gene action. Biological yield/plant and harvest index had the most positive direct effects (1.448, 1.144, respectively) on grain yield/plant, indicating these traits synergistically affect photosyntates. Based on Smith-Hazel indices the highest genetic advance (17.56%) in grain yield/plant obtained on linear combination of traits such as days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, pod length, grains/pod and biological yield/plant (X2X3X4X7X8X10) accomplished through a completely new selection-index in which economic weight of each traits were equally distributed, suggesting that these parameters may be considered as prime traits during the course of selection to realize higher yield potential in green gram.
Possibilidades de incorporação do processamento do cumbaru do assentamento Facão, Furna São José, na cadeia produtiva do turismo rural: estudo de caso na fronteira Brasil/Bolívia
Authors: Silva Marcela de Almeida , Neves Ronaldo José , Neves Sandra Mara Alves da Silva
Published: March 2017

Objetivou-se investigar o potencial agregador dos produtos diferenciados produzidos no assentamento Facão/ Furna São José, pelo grupo “Amigas do Cerrado”, para sua incorporação na cadeia produtiva do turismo local. Procedeu-se à pesquisa bibliográfica; a trabalho de campo com registro fotográfico; a estudo de caso e matriz SWOT para análise. Há possibilidade de incorporação dos produtos diferenciados produzidos pela agroindústria investigada, constituindo para a comunidade outra vertente de geração de renda, emprego e melhoria na qualidade de vida dos envolvidos.
São os Arranjos Produtivos Locais apoiados capazes de afetar a renda dos municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul?
Authors: Carraro Andre , Carvalho Diogo Sá , Shkida Pery Francisco
Published: March 2017

Este artigo avaliou o impacto dos incentivos públicos aos Arranjos Produtivos Locais - APLs sobre o PIB per capita dos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Após a identificação dos APLs, aplicou-se a metodologia de MQO e de Estimação de Diferenças em Diferenças para captar o efeito do apoio ao APL sobre o PIB per capita. Na análise de APLs selecionados, apenas o APL de máquinas e implementos agrícolas apresentou impacto positivo sobre o PIB per capita com significância estatística.
Desenvolvimento local em territórios empobrecidos: possibilidades de inclusão social e produtiva de produtores rurais
Authors: Medina Gabriel , Novaes Evandro , Teixeira Sônia Milagres
Published: March 2017

No artigo são exploradas as possibilidades de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais brasileiros mais pobres. São analisadas as condições de vida dos agricultores locais entrevistados em 7.975 domicílios rurais de 37 territórios de todo o país. Enquanto cerca de 80% dos agricultores revelam ter ativos disponíveis para a produção agropecuária, apenas 20% têm boas condições de comercialização e acesso às políticas agrícolas.
Desenvolvimento local: o Programa Um Milhão de Cisternas (P1MC) em Tupanatinga, PE
Authors: Soares Junior Dinando Antonio , Andrade Leitão Maria do Rosário De Fátima
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar ações relacionadas ao Desenvolvimento Local na implantação do P1MC, na região do Semiárido de Pernambuco. Assim foram mapeadas as instituições, atores sociais e as atividades do P1MC em Tupanatinga, Pernambuco, a partir especialmente, dos critérios estabelecidos no aporte teórico sobre Desenvolvimento Local. Nos resultados encontrados, percebe-se que o P1MC fomentou por meio da participação, a alguns atores sociais, a ampliação do saber fazer, em que pese ao fato de que uma parte dos beneficiários considerem de cunho político e assistencialista, as ações do Programa.
Organização dos Conselhos Municipais: governança e participação da sociedade civil
Authors: Bronstein Michelle Muniz , Fontes Filho Joaquim Rubens , Pimenta Gabriel Alves
Published: March 2017

Este estudo se baseia na premissa de que as características formais que dão origem aos CMs, somadas a uma estrutura de governança adequada, poderiam reforçar não apenas a participação, mas o aumento da confiança da sociedade civil na administração pública e uma maior eficiência na formulação de políticas. O que se pode evidenciar, ainda que com uma amostra limitada a quatro casos, é o quanto os CMs ainda devem avançar para se tornarem um instrumento efetivo de promoção da participação da sociedade civil.
Evaluation of anticonvulsant potential of aqueous methanolic extract and various fractions of Ajuga bracteosa wall
Authors: Qasim Sumera , Uttra Ambreen Malik , Hasan Umme Habiba , Batool Amna
Published: March 2017

We aim to assess the anticonvulsant potential of Ajuga bracteosa Wall. The aqueous methanol extract (30:70) of Ajuga bracteosa and its n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were prepared. Anticonvulsant effect was evaluated using different animal models of epilepsy. Crude extract along with its fractions at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses, administered orally to albino mice were appraised against pentylenetetrazole-induced, strychnine-induced and picrotoxin-induced convulsions. Moreover, effect of test substances on brain GABA level and phenobarbitone induced hypnosis was also studied at dose level of 350 and 400 mg/kg. The plant extract and its fractions produced potent dose dependent anticonvulsant activity in all models of epilepsy. In addition, plant extract and fractions increased brain GABA level and potentiated phenobarbitone-induced sleep duration. From the results it can be deduced that Ajuga bracteosa possess potent anticonvulsant activity, supporting its folkloric use in the treatment of epilepsy.
The Differences of the Behavioral Factors of Midwifes in UCI village and non UCI
Authors: Wati Siti Fatma , Wahjuni Chatarina Umbul
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT2-3 millions of people in all groups of age die every year caused by the diseases that can be prevented by immunization: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and measles. It is due to the UCI village target from year to year are not increased properly. One of the reasons of the unattainable UCI’s target is due to the factor of the officers. This research aims to determine the differences of the characteristic and the behavioral of the officers in UCI village as well as non-UCI in the District of Pasuruan (Kabupaten Pasuruan). The research is conducted by using the design of cross sectional. The samples in this study were 76 village midwifes. Sampling was stratified random sampling method. Data were analyzed using chi square statistical test. The independent variabel is the status of village UCI. The dependent variable is the characteristics of the village midwifes ( age, background of the knowledge, work experiences, employment status, training and double/dual duty), knowledge, action and attitude. There are significant differences in some variables of obstetricians such as the work experiences (p=0,023), the employment status (p=0,030), the double/dual duty (p=0,013), the knowledge (p=0,003), the action (p=0,017), and the behavior (p=0,045). Meanwhile, several variables have not significant differences, such as the age (p=0,193), the knowledge (p=0,185), the training activity (p=0,762), and the behavioral (0,219). Based on the brief explanation above, we can draw the conclusion that there are the differentiations in UCI village as well as non UCI village from the officers including the factors of the work experiences, the staffing, the double duty, the knowledge, the action and behavior. The policy so that the obstetricians will focus on running the programs in accordance with the skills.Keywords: the characteristic, the duty, the behavioral, the status of UCI                         villages, the village midwifes.
A Reliable Turning Process by the Early Use of a Deep Simulation Model at Several Manufacturing Stages
Authors: Urbikain Gorka , López De Lacalle Luis Norberto , Arsuaga Mikel , Alvarez Alvaro , Alonso Miguel A.
Published: March 2017

The future of machine tools will be dominated by highly flexible and interconnected systems, in order to achieve the required productivity, accuracy and reliability. Nowadays, distortion and vibration problems are easily solved in labs for the most common machining operations by using models based on equations describing the physical laws of the machining processes; however additional efforts are needed to overcome the gap between scientific research and the real manufacturing problems. In fact, there is an increasing interest in developing simulation packages based on “deep-knowledge and models” that aid machine designers, production engineers or machinists to get the best of the machine-tools. This article proposes a methodology to reduce problems in machining by means of a simulation utility, which uses the main variables of the system&process as input data, and generates results that help in the proper decision-making and machining planification. Direct benefits can be found in a) the fixture/clamping optimal design, b) the machine tool configuration, c) the definition of chatter-free optimum cutting conditions and d) the right programming of cutting toolpaths at the Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) stage. The information and knowledge-based approach showed successful results in several local manufacturing companies and are explained in the paper.
Co-integration and Causality Analysis of Carbon Intensity and Coal Consumption of China
Authors: Wang Xing , Fan Zhongqi , Zhang Ying
Published: March 2017

Co-integration and Causality was built to conduct studies on causality relation between carbon intensity and coal consumption leading to providing important basis for the transition to a low carbon economy. The EG two-step method was performed to study the relation between carbon intensity and coal consumption of China during 1990-2015 and the co-integration and Granger test was constructed to build up the co-integration and error correction models for analysis of the interaction between carbon intensity and coal consumption. The results showed that in long term there is a stable co-integration relation and a positive correlation between carbon intensity and coal consumption; whereas fluctuations exist in short term and there is a one-way Granger causality of carbon intensity with respect to coal consumption.
The Music of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Angeler David
Published: March 2017

1) Background: Bipolar or manic-depressive disorder is a malign mental disease that frequently faces social stigma. Educational and thinking models are needed to increase people’s awareness and understanding of the disorder. The arts have potential to achieve this goal. 2) Methods: This paper builds on the recent use of heavy metal music as a thinking and education model. It emphasizes the artistic component of heavy metal and its potential to characterize the symptomatology during the episodes of (hypo)mania and depression and the recurrence of these episodes. Heavy metal music has diversified into subgenres that become allegorical to both the symptoms of episodes and the recurrence of bipolar cycles. 3) Results: Examples of songs are given that mirror distinct facets of the disorder. 4) Conclusion: Although the links drawn between art (music) and science (psychiatry) are inherently subjective, such connections might be used to trigger a learning process, facilitate judgment and decision-making, and induce affective reactions and memory formation in the listener. The approach may facilitate collaborative efforts and serve healthcare professionals and educators as a communication tool to aid the public’s comprehension of the disease and an associated social paradox: On one hand, bipolar disorder incurs substantial costs to society. On the other hand, it benefits from the creative artistic and scientific endeavors of bipolar individuals from which cultural and political gains may ensue.
Overhanging Features and the SLM/DMLS Residual Stresses Problem: Review and Future Research Need
Authors: Patterson Albert E. , Messimer Sherri L. , Farrington Phillip A.
Published: March 2017

A useful and increasingly common additive manufacturing (AM) process is the selective laser melting (SLM) or direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process. SLM/DMLS can produce full-density metal parts from difficult materials, but it tends to suffer from severe residual stresses introduced during processing. This limits the usefulness and applicability of the process, particularly in the fabrication of parts with delicate overhanging and protruding features. The purpose of this study was to examine the current insight and progress made toward understanding and eliminating the problem in overhanging and protruding structures. To accomplish this, a survey of literature was undertaken, focusing on process modeling (general, heat transfer, stress and distortion, and material models), direct process control (input and environmental control, hardware-in-the-loop monitoring, parameter optimization, and post-processing), experiment development (methods for evaluation, optical and mechanical process monitoring, imaging, and design-of-experiments), support structure optimization, and overhang feature design; approximately 140 published works were examined. The major findings of this study were that a small minority of the literature on SLM/DMLS deals explicitly with the overhanging stress problem, but some fundamental work has been done on the problem. Implications, needs, and potential future research directions are discussed in-depth in light of the present review.
MOXIBUSTION HAS A POSITIVE EFFECT ON PULMONARY FIBROSIS: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH
Authors: Cheng Lin , Li Rong , Zhou Mijuan , Li Fuhong , Chang Quanying , Li Cuixia , Lu Xuejing
Published: March 2017

Background: An increasing number of people suffered idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and the current treatment was far from

clinical satisfaction. Moxibustion, another effective and safe unconventional therapy, had been introduced to treat this refractory

disease. The study aimed to investigate the effect of moxibustion on a bleomycin A5-induced pulmonary fibrosis model”. Please add

a” before bleomycin A5. Please capital Eosin in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H.E.) staining.

Materials and Methods: Sprague-dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated to the blank group, model group, moxibustion group,

and prednisone group, for which they received no treatment, modeling, moxibustion treatment and prednisone treatment. After

four-week treatment, the rats were euthanized for Hematoxylin and Eosin (H.E.) staining, and TGF-β1 and IFN-γ protein and

mRNA detection in lungs.

Results: In the model group, TGF-β1 was significantly increased and IFN-γ was significantly decreased at both protein and mRNA

levels in comparison to the blank group. In the moxibustion and prednisone groups, however, TGF-β1 was decreased and IFN-γ was

increased at both protein and mRNA levels in comparison to the model group. Compared with prednisone, moxibustion showed

comparable effect in lowing TGF-β1 (P>0.05) and better effect in up-regulating IFN-γ (P
ANALYSIS OF PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOIDS OF WILD EPHEDRA ALATA PLANT EXTRACTS BY LC/PDA AND LC/MS AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Al-Rimawi Fuad , Abu-Lafi Saleh , Abbadi Jehad , Alamarneh Ayman A.A. , Sawahreh Raneen A. , Odeh Imad
Published: March 2017

Background: Ephedra is among Palestinian medicinal plants that are traditionally used in folkloric medicine for

treating many diseases. Ephedra is known to have antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The goal of this study is to

evaluate the antioxidant activity of different extracts from the Ephedra alata plant growing wild in Palestine, and to

analyze their phenolic and flavonoid constituents by HPLC/PDA and HPLC/MS.

Materials and Methods: Samples of the Ephedra alata plant grown wild in Palestine were extracted with three

different solvents namely, 100% water, 80% ethanol, and 100% ethanol. The extracts were analyzed for their total

phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA), as well as phenolic and flavonoids

content by HPLC/PDA/MS.

Results: The results revealed that the polarity of the extraction solvent affects the TPC, TFC, and AA of extracts. It

was found that both TPC and AA are highest for plant extracted with 80% ethanol, followed by 100% ethanol, and

finally with 100% water. TFC however was highest in the following order: 100% ethanol > 80% ethanol > water.

Pearson correlation indicated that there is a significant correlation between AA and TPC, but there is no correlation

between AA and TFC. Simultaneous HPLC-PDA and UHPLC-MS analysis of the ethanolic plant extracts revealed the

presence of Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide flavone, Myricetin 3-rhamnoside and some other major polyphenolic

compounds that share myricetin skeleton.

Conclusion Ephedra alata extract is rich in potent falvonoid glycosidic compounds as revealed by their similar

overlaid UV-Vis spectra and UHPLC-MS results. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that Ephedra alata

constitutes a natural source of potent antioxidants that may prevent many diseases and could be potentially used in

food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products.
MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ACTION OF XINMAILONG INJECTION, A TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE IN CARDIAC FUNCTION IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Li Zhengtao , Li Sujuan , Hu Lin , Li Fang , Cheung Alex Chun , Shao Weizai , Que Yuling , Leung George Pek-heng , Yang Cui
Published: March 2017

Background: As a bioactive composite extracted from American cockroach, Xinmailong injection (XML) is used for the

treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) in China. Clinical data has provided evidence that XML has positive inotropic

properties. The objective of this study was to assess the mechanisms involved in the therapeutical effect of XML on CHF.

Materials and Methods: The effects of XML on the cardiac function in isolated rat heart were measured. A Ca2+ imaging

technology was used in rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) to reveal the role of XML on Ca2+ channels. Meanwhile, the effects of

XML on the activities of Na+/K+ ATPase and sodium/calcium exchanger were measured. In addition, the level of reactive

oxygen species and the protein expressions for the superoxide dismutase and hemeoxygenase were determined in the

cardiomyocytes.

Results: The results showed that XML increased the electrical impulse-induced [Ca2+]i in H9c2 cells, which was dependant on

extracellular Ca2+ and was abolished by ML218-HCl (a T-type Ca2+channels antagonist) but not nimodipine (a L-type

Ca2+channels antagonist). Ouabain, a Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, increased the electrical impulse-induced [Ca2+]i, which was

significantly inhibited by XML. Moreover, XML markedly inhibited the Na+/K+ ATPase activity in H9c2 cells. In addition,

XML notably reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and enhanced the protein expressions of antioxidant

enzymes including superoxide dismutase 1, superoxide dismutase 2 and hemeoxygenase 1 in H9c2 cell.

Conclusion: Our findings pave the ways to the better understandings of the therapeutic effects of XML on cardiovascular

system.
ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECT ON BREAST CANCER (MCF7) OF Moringa oleifera SEED EXTRACTS
Authors: Adebayo Ismail Abiola , Arsad Hasni , Samian Mohd Razip
Published: March 2017

Background: Moringa oleifera belongs to plant family, Moringaceae and popularly called ―wonderful tree‖, for it is

used traditionally to cure many diseases including cancer in Africa and Asia, however, there is limited knowledge on

cytotoxic activity of Moringa oleifera seeds on MCF7 breast cancer cell. The present study evaluated antiproliferative

effect on MCF7 of the seed.

Materials and Methods: Seeds of Moringa oleifera were grinded to powder and its phytochemicals were extracted

using water and 80% ethanol solvents, part of the ethanolic extract were sequentially partitioned to fractions with four

solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, and n-butanol). Antiproliferative effects on MCF7 of the samples were

determined. Finally, potent samples that significantly inhibited MCF7 growth were tested on MCF 10A.

Results: Crude water extract, hexane and dichloromethane fractions of the seeds inhibited the proliferation of MCF7

with the following IC50 values 280 μg/ml, 130 μg/ml and 26 μg/ml respectively, however, of the 3 samples, only

hexane fraction had minimal cytotoxic effect on MCF 10A (IC50 > 400μg/ml).

Conclusion: Moringa oleifera seed has antiproliferative effect on MCF7.
IN VITRO STUDY OF CONCENTRATION-EFFECT AND TIME-COURSE PATTERN OF WHITE ALUM ON ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 GROWTH
Authors: Shahriari Reza , Salari Saeed , Shahriari Saeed
Published: March 2017

Background: Nowadays, the demand for antibacterial fabrics has increased. White alum is used for oral aphthous

ulcers treatment in traditional medicine of Sistan city, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran, and also as a flocculent

for water purification. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of concentration and time on antibacterial activity of

white alum on Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Materials and Methods: 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2% concentrations of white alum were added to 108 CFU of Escherichia coli

O157:H7. Optical Density was recorded for 4 hours. Data obtained were analyzed using Repeated Measure and Oneway

ANOVA by SPSS.

Results: Results revealed the effectiveness of white alum in the growth of the tested bacterium. The white alum was

found to be potent against Escherichia coli O157:H7 at a concentration above 1% (p
CARDIOPROTECTIVE ROLES OF THE CHINESE MEDICINAL FORMULA BAO-XIN-TANG ON ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN RATS
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Weihao , Peng Weijun , Liu Weiping , Cai Weijun , Xia Zian , Zhang Honggeng , Xing Zhihua
Published: March 2017

Background: Bao-Xin-Tang (BXT) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula used for the treatment of coronary heart disease and

known to have favorable therapeutic benefits. The current study was designed to determine whether BXT has a cardioprotective role

for acute myocardial infarction. The underlying mechanisms were also explored.

Materials and Methods: The Sprague-Dawley rat model of acute myocardial infarction was established by occluding the left anterior

descending branch of the coronary artery. After a 3-h ischemic period, we determined the myocardial infarction size, inflammatory

components, and antioxidant activities.

Results: The data showed that BXT could reduce the infarction size and lower the levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and

myeloperoxidase, and increase the activities of superoxide dismutase and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10. These results

indicate that administration of BXT, following acute myocardial infarction, could reduce infarct size.

Conclusion: The effects of BXT may be related to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF EMODIN ON RAW 264.7 ACTIVATED WITH DOUBLE STRANDED RNA ANALOGUE POLY I:C
Authors: Kim Young-Jin , Lee Ji Young , Kim Hyun-Ju , Kim Do-Hoon , Lee Tae Hee , Kang Mi Suk , Choi You- Kyung , Lee Hye Lim , Kim Jaieun , An Hyo-Jin , Park Wansu
Published: March 2017

Background: Emodin (3-methyl-1, 6, 8-trihydroxyanthraquinone) is a compound which can be found in Polygoni

Multiflori Radix (PMR). PMR is the root of Polygonum multiflorum. PMR is used to treat dizziness, spermatorrhea,

sores, and scrofula as well as chronic malaria traditionally in China and Korea. The anti-tumor property of emodin was

already reported. However, anti-viral activity of emodin on macrophages are not fully reported.

Materials and Methods: Effects of emodin on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic

acid (poly I:C), a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA, were evaluated.

Results: Emodin restored the cell viability in poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7 at concentrations of up to 50 μM. Emodin

significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1α,

MIP-1β, MIP-2, RANTES, and IP-10 as well as calcium release and mRNA expression of signal transducer and

activated transcription 1 (STAT1) in poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study shows the inhibitory effect of emodin on poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7 via calcium-STAT

pathway.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A HYPOGLYCEMIC EXTRACT FROM CUCURBITA FICIFOLIA BOUCHE THAT INDUCES LIVER GLYCOGEN ACCUMULATION IN DIABETIC MICE.
Authors: Jessica Garcia Gonzalez , Mario Garcia Lorenzana , Alejandro Zamilpa , Cesar Almanza Perez Julio , E. Ivan Jasso Villagomez , Ruben Roman Ramos , Javier Alarcon-Aguilar Francisco
Published: March 2017

Background: The aqueous extract of Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia) fruit has demonstrated hypoglycemic effect,

which may be attributed to some components in the extract. However, the major secondary metabolites in this fruit

have not yet been identified and little is known about its extra-pancreatic action, in particular, on liver carbohydrate

metabolism. Therefore, in addition to the isolation and structural elucidation of the principal components in the aqueous

extract of C. ficifolia, the aim of this study was to determine whether or not the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous

extract of Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia) fruit is due to accumulation of liver glycogen in diabetic mice.

Materials and Methods: The aqueous extract from fruit of C. ficifolia was fractionated and its main secondary

metabolites were purified and chemically characterized (NMR and GC-MS). Alloxan-induced diabetic mice received

daily by gavage the aqueous extract (30 days). The liver glycogen content was quantified by spectroscopic method and

by PAS stain; ALT and AST by spectrometric method; glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase and GLUT2 by

Western blot; the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and glucagon-receptor by RT-PCR; while serum insulin was quantified

by ELISA method. A liver histological analysis was also performed by H&E stain.

Results: Chemical fingerprint showed five majoritarian compounds in the aqueous extract of C. ficifolia: p-coumaric

acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicin, stigmast-7,2,2-dien-3-ol and stigmast-7-en-3-ol. The histological analysis showed

accumulation of liver glycogen. Also, increased glycogen synthase and decreased glycogen phosphorylase were

observed. Interestingly, the histological architecture evidenced a liver-protective effect due the extract.

Conclusion: Five compounds were identified in C. ficifolia aqueous extract. The hypoglycemic effect of this extract

may be partially explained by liver glycogen accumulation. The bioactive compound responsible for the hypoglycemic

effect of this extract will be elucidated in subsequent studies.
NITRATE IN LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES AND ESTIMATED INTAKE
Authors: Brkić Danijel , Bošnir Jasna , Bevardi Martina , Bošković Andrea Gross , Miloš Sanja , Lasić Dario , Krivohlavek Adela , Racz Aleksandar , Mojsović – Ćuić Ana , Trstenjak Natalija Uršulin
Published: March 2017

Background: Vegetarian diets are rich in vegetables. Green leafy vegetables are foods that contain considerable

amounts of nitrate, which can have both positive and negative effects on the human body. Their potential

carcinogenicity and toxicity have been proven, particularly after the reduction of nitrate to nitrite itself or just serving

as a reactant with amines and/or amides in the formation of N-nitroso compounds -N-nitrosamines and other nitrogen

compounds which may have high levels of nitrate. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a significant

difference, considering the location and seasonal sampling period, in the level of nitrate in certain types of green

vegetables, all in order to be able to assess their intake, and possible impact on human health, especially knowing that

exposure to nitrate can be potentially higher for vegetarian population group.

Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the sampling of 200 different leafy green vegetables was conducted, all of

which could be found in free sale in the Republic of Croatia. The sampling was conducted during two seasonal periods

- the spring and autumn period. In the springtime, lettuce (sem), spinach (pinacho), kale (kale), chard (mangel) and

cabbage (brassica) were sampled, and in autumn lettuce, spinach, kale, chard and arugula. Samples were analyzed using

high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection.

Results: The results from the spring sampling phase were in the range of 603 mg/kg for cabbage - 972 mg/kg for

chard, and for autumn phase of 1.024 mg/kg for chard to 4.354 mg/kg for the arugula. The results showed that there

were significant differences (p
Utilização da gestão por processos de negócio nas organizações do setor metalmecânico de Caxias do Sul
Authors: Otobelli Bertéli Michele , Pinto Barcellos Paulo Fernando
Published: March 2017

A gestão por processos de negócio ou Business Process Management (BPM) surgiu para facilitar a integração e coesão dos diversos setores da organização, centrados em seus processos e buscando gerar maior valor ao cliente. O objetivo desta pesquisa é de investigar a utilização de BPM nas organizações de pequeno, médio e grande porte do setor metalmecânico de Caxias do Sul, pertencente ao maior pólo metalmecânico do estado do Rio Grande do Sul e o segundo do Brasil. Uma pesquisa do tipo survey, com questionário adaptado de Paim (2007), foi aplicada em amostra de 106 empresas. O resultado aponta que 47,2% das empresas utilizam BPM como o estilo de gestão predominante, sendo que para fomentar este estilo investiram na faixa de R$ 0,00 a R$ 100 mil nos últimos quatro anos. Na média, o grau de gestão por processos praticado pelas empresas respondentes foi de 2,98 entre o grau 1 (não pratica) e o grau 5 (pratica habitualmente). Entre os motivos pelos quais as empresas decidiram utilizar BPM destaca-se a melhoria dos processos internos (22,4%). Uma das conclusões é que mesmo as organizações que dizem utilizar gestão por processos estão em fase de transição, migrando de uma gestão funcional. A adoção de BPM de maneira holística, como definido pela literatura, ainda não é plenamente observada no cenário desse estudo.
Storage effect of dam reservoirs: evaluation of three nonlinear reservoir models
Authors: Yoo Chulsang , Jun Changhyun , Lee Jinwook
Published: March 2017

Three different nonlinear models – an exponential function model, a logarithmic function model, and a power function model – were evaluated as possible candidates for the storage–outflow relationship of a reservoir. Also, the storage coefficient was derived by analyzing the impulse response function of the reservoir. Additionally, by applying the theoretical results, the storage coefficients of four dam reservoirs in the Han River Basin, Korea, were estimated and evaluated with respect to the dam reservoir and basin characteristics. Summarizing the results, first, only the exponential function model was found to provide a realistic storage coefficient for a reservoir. Second, the storage coefficient was found to be strongly and linearly proportional to the flood control volume divided by the channel length.
KONIEC MORSZTYNA. PRZYCZYNEK DO DZIEJÓW PRAWA RZYMSKIEGO W POLSCE
Authors: Palmirski Tomasz
Published: March 2017

THE END OF MORSZTYN. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORY OF THE ROMAN LAW IN POLANDSummary The lawsuit of Jan Andrzej Morsztyn at the Diet Court in 1690, and first of all, the issue of applying the rules provided by the Roman law with regard to the judicial oath of the sued party, has been discussed in the literature of the subject. However, the researchers have limited themselves to the statement that this fact took place. They did not prove that the Roman law, and precisely, the Justinian law, knew the concept of an oath made in writing, to which persons acting as Morsztyn’s substitutes in the lawsuit referred to. The author, considering relevant regulations comes to a conclusion that the Justinian law did not provide for a possibility to take an oath in writing. On the other hand, Polish law did not provide for such a possibility either since an oath taken in land cases always assumed a form of an oral oath. Therefore, taking into account the political situation in which the lawsuit against Morsztyn, king Jan Sobieski IITs opponent, took place, it should be assumed that the decision which allowed a written form of an oath was a sign of the judges’ common sense (rejecting the recognition of the written form in the context of restitution of the crown’s jewels by the accused, could only increase the number of Morsztyn’s followers) and the law-making activity of the Diet Court rather than an example of applying the Justinian law.
Anomalous Origin of the Left Pulmonary Artery: Hemi-Truncus Arteriosus
Authors: Hussain Ali Shabbir , Shakir Mariam , Ariff Shabina , Ali Rehan , Hassan Babar
Published: March 2017

Hemi-truncus arteriosus is a rare congenital cardiovascular malformation. It usually presents in infancy and leads to development of progressive pulmonary vascular disease, heart failure, and death. We report a case of hemi truncus arteriosus in a 12-day-old neonate who was successfully managed at our institute.
Units of labor input of orthopedists during consultation for implants. Fixed restorations
Authors: Diev Ye. V. , Dieva T. V. , Obidnyak V. , Labunets V. A.
Published: March 2017

Implant-supported fixed restorations are widely used in practice with the aim of prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients; however, in Ukraine, the aforementioned methods are currently not completely lawful due to the absence of departmental standards of time needed for orthopedists to manufacture such types of dentures.In prosthetic dentistry, labor inputs are determined based on the average standard working time for professionals that not always correspond to the actual time expenditures which must be taken into consideration when determining the appropriate units of labor input. The objective of the research was to determine the units of labor input of orthopediststo manufacture implant-supported fixed restorations.Materials and methods. The object of the research involved clinical processes of manufacturing implant-supported fixed restorations.The units of labor input were determined based on the average time standards obtained in the result of timing measurements of clinical processes of providing appropriate care.The conversion of the obtained time standards (TS) to the units of labor input (ULI) was performed according to the formula: ULI = Tts / T1uliResults and discussion. Clinical processes of manufacturing 69 single implant-supported restorations by 15 orthopedists were studied. There were manufactured 13 crowns with screw-retained solid abutments, 21 crowns with screw-retained abutments, 17 single abutments, 18 screw-retained crowns with burn-out plastic abutments or abutments with a platform for attaching and pressing.In addition, the work of 18 orthopedists who manufactured 30 implant-supported bridges including 8 prosthetic dentures with screw-retained solid abutments, 10 prosthetic dentures with screw-retained abutments, 12 screw-retained dentures with burn-out plastic abutments or abutments with a platform for attaching and pressing was investigated and timed.The results of the research showed that the initial values of the labor input indicators when manufacturing single implant-supported fixed restorations were within the range of 1.5-1.5 ULI (the average values) and 3.3-3.5 ULI (the actual values) depending on the prosthetic construction. When manufacturing implant-supported bridges, the indicators were as follows: the average values – 2.1-2.3 ULI, the actual values – 3.6-3.9 ULI depending on the prosthetic construction as well. Conclusions. The results obtained due to timing measurements of clinical processes of manufacturing implant-supported fixed restorations, their analysis as well as the calculations of the standard time showed that the units of labor input of orthopedists determined on the basis of the average time standards did not coincide with the units of labor input of manufacturing these prostheses determined on the basis of the actual time standards.
Originalism’s Curiously Triumphant Death: the Interpenetration of Aspirationalism and Historicism in U. S. Constitutional Development
Authors: Kersch Ken I.
Published: March 2017

One of the central debates amongst U. S. constitutional theorists for more than a generation has been between (conservative) ‘originalists’ arguing that, in interpreting and applying the Constitution, judges are duty bound to adhere to the original understandings at the time of the Constitution’s adoption and (liberal/progressive) ‘living constitutionalists’ arguing rather that, when appropriate, judges should read the Constitution in light of contemporary needs and moral aspirations. While acknowledging the significance and legitimacy of the originalist call for fidelity to history and newly incorporating elements of their arguments into his theory, Fleming, in Fidelity to Our Imperfect Constitution, re-affirms moral aspirationalism as the ultimate foundation of the interpretive project. I argue here, as against Fleming, that the opposition that he (and other American constitutional theorists) have drawn between originalism’s historicism and living constitutionalism’s moral aspirationalism is a false binary – the contingent product of a developmental succession of political battles between American conservatives and progressive/liberals over the course of the twentieth century. I argue here, contra Fleming, that in both theory and practice, in the U. S. at least, history and moral aspiration are and have always been inextricably intertwined —inseparable— and that, going forward, U. S. constitutional historians and theorists would do better by forthrightly acknowledging and accounting for this fact, and dynamic.
Development zakustarennyh land by results of modeling in lysimeters
Authors: Adiko Yapo Olivier , Semenov N A , Shuravilin A V
Published: March 2017

Powered results of experiments on the effect of lysimetric plowing tree and shrub biomass in the sod-podzolic medium loamy soil on yield, nutrients concentration and accumulation of biochemicals substances in aboveground mass sowns grasses fourth to seventh year of use. Studied the formation of productivity of perennial grasses, the loss of nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium on the disapprove background and minerals fertilizers depending on the plowed biomass. The dynamics of the yield, the concentration of nutrients of plant nutrition (NPKCa) and their accumulation in the aboveground part of the sown cereal grass as for years, and an average of four years of research in natural fertility and minerals fertilizers. A comparative assessment of the yield, nutrients and biochemicals sown cereal disapproved herbage, compared with the control (arable land), which pointed to a significant shortfall in crop yields in versions with embedded biomass (shoots of willow, melkoles birch and aspen), an average of 15-20%. On fertilized sown cereal herbage compared with disapprove background herbs yield increased as the plow, and in making biomass - from 35 to 70%. The most optimals conditions for nitrogen absorption grasses over years and an average of 4 years, created when terminating bush aspen.
La creación de respuestas con sectores sociales rurales: retos desde la investigación
Authors: Hernández Cascante Jorge Luis
Published: March 2017

El artículo presenta el Programa Gestión de Alternativas de Organizaciones Indígenas y Campesinas Mesoamericanas (PROICAM), integrado en el Centro de Investigación en Cultura y Desarrollo (CICDE) de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED). Desde la propuesta de investigación acción de este programa se cuestiona la construcción de alternativas de desarrollo para sectores excluidos de la sociedad; en especial en el agro. La pregunta que este texto formula gira alrededor de los elementos metodológicos implicados en la construcción de alternativas para sectores excluidos en el actual modelo de desarrollo aperturista. El texto brinda posibles orientaciones metodológicas sobre el tema.
Políticas de la representación, etiquetamiento criminal y responsabilización por la seguridad ciudadana en editoriales del Diario Extra (2008-2010)
Authors: Solís Moreira Julio
Published: March 2017

La llamada inseguridad ciudadana se ha convertido en los últimos años en un asunto público central de la sociedad costarricense. En este escenario se potencian los agentes que interpretan la temática y por lo tanto la representan e inciden en las acciones por tomar en cuenta para su intervención. Este artículo indaga sobre cómo se narra el tema de la inseguridad a partir de los ejes discursivos, presentes en la formación de las representaciones narrativas ligadas en la constitución de sujetos etiquetados como criminógenos. Para tal fin se analizan tres editoriales del Diario Extra del año 2008 al 2010 en Costa Rica.
DOCUMENTO: La Primera Gran Depresión del Siglo XXI
Authors: Shaikh Anwar
Published: March 2017

Este artículo desarrolla la tesis según la cual la crisis financiera y la recesión internacional que se precipitaron en 2007 a partir de la crisis hipotecaria en Estados Unidos, forma parte de un movimiento de más largo plazo, el cual aquí es conceptuado como la primera gran depresión económica del siglo XXI. A fin de profundizar en esta tesis, se analiza el comportamiento de las tasas de ganancias, las tasas de interés, las remuneraciones salariales, la productividad horaria del trabajo y los procesos de endeudamiento de las familias. Se busca así caracterizar el cuadro contradictorio, inestable e insostenible que caracteriza esta situación depresiva. En el examen de las respuestas ante la crisis, se advierte respecto del sesgo dominante hacia políticas que tienden a perjudicar a las clases trabajadoras, especialmente en Europa.
Revista Rupturas Volumen 5 Número 1
Authors: Rupturas Revista
Published: March 2017

Volumen 5, Número 1 completo