bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence and the Risk for Intuition Decline in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Duarte-Rojo Andres , Sejdic Ervin
Published: January 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing big data analytics. In this issue of The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Ahn et al. introduce the AI-cirrhosis-electrocardiogram score that can grade the electrophysiologic cardiac changes present in patients with cirrhosis. Apart from showing excellent accuracy to identify cirrhosis, the AI-cirrhosis-electrocardiogram algorithm identified a biological gradient and signal reversibility after transplantation. Clinical applicability needs to be determined. Some concerns inherent to the use of AI are discussed, including the need to verify that the quality of data used for machine training is optimal. The black box nature of AI-identified associations is discussed, along with the lack of pathophysiologic coherence allowing intuitive medical reasoning.
Associations Between Autoimmune Conditions and Gastric Cancer Risk Among Elderly Adults in the United States
Authors: Song Minkyo , Camargo M. Constanza , Derkach Andriy , Rabkin Charles S. , Engels Eric A.
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Pernicious anemia (PA) is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Other autoimmune conditions may also contribute.

METHODS:

In a case-control study, we evaluated 47 autoimmune conditions among 39,125 gastric cancers and 200,000 cancer-free controls.

RESULTS:

Six conditions were associated with increased gastric cancer risk (range of adjusted odds ratios: 1.28–1.93, P < 0.05): PA, membranous nephropathy, primary biliary cirrhosis, pure red cell aplasia, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and Graves disease. PA was associated with 8 other autoimmune conditions (adjusted odds ratios: 1.57–4.54, P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:

Autoimmune conditions associated with gastric cancer or PA may reflect effects of autoimmune gastritis or other carcinogenic pathways.
Antibiotic Therapy and Risk of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A National Case-Control Study
Authors: Nguyen Long H. , Cao Yin , Batyrbekova Nurgul , Roelstraete Bjorn , Ma Wenjie , Khalili Hamed , Song Mingyang , Chan Andrew T. , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Antibiotic use has emerged as a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia and is hypothesized as a contributor to the rising incidence of colorectal cancer under age 50 years or early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). However, the impact of antibiotic use and risk of EOCRC is unknown.

METHODS:

We conducted a population-based case-control study of CRC among individuals aged ≥18 years in the Epidemiology Strengthened by histoPathology Reports in Sweden (ESPRESSO) cohort (2006–2016). The primary outcome was EOCRC. A secondary outcome was CRC at any age. Incident CRC was pathologically confirmed, and for each, up to 5 population-based controls were matched on age, sex, county of residence, and calendar year. We assessed prescriptions until 6 months before CRC diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:

We identified 54,804 cases of CRC (2,557 EOCRCs) and 261,089 controls. Compared with none, previous antibiotic use was not associated with EOCRC risk after adjustment for potential confounders (aOR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.17) with similarly null findings when stratified by anatomic tumor site. In contrast, previous antibiotic use was weakly associated with elevated risk for CRC at any age (aOR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.07). A potential but modest link between broad-spectrum antibiotic use and EOCRC was observed (aOR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26).

DISCUSSION:

We found no conclusive evidence that antibiotics are associated with EOCRC risk. Although antibiotic use was weakly associated with risk of CRC at any age, the magnitude of association was modest, and the study period was relatively short.
Antenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease by 3D ultrasonography using spatiotemporal image correlation with HDlive Flow and HDlive Flow silhouette rendering modes
Authors: Malho André Souza , Bravo-Valenzuela Nathalie Jeanne , Ximenes Renato , Peixoto Alberto Borges , Araujo Júnior Edward
Published: January 2022

This pictorial review describes the assessment of a great variety of types of congenital heart disease by three-dimensional ultrasonography with spatiotemporal image correlation using HDlive and the HDlive Flow silhouette rendering mode. These technologies provide fetal heart surface patterns by using a fixed virtual light source that propagates into the tissues, permitting a detailed reconstruction of the heart structures. In this scenario, ultrasound operators can freely select a better light source position to enhance the anatomical details of the fetal heart. HDlive and the HDlive Flow silhouette rendering mode improve depth perception and the resolution of anatomic cardiac details and blood vessel walls compared to standard two-dimensional ultrasonography.
Modelling of the Military Helicopter Operation Process in Terms of Readiness
Authors: Ziółkowski Jarosław , Małachowski Jerzy , Oszczypała Mateusz , Szkutnik-Rogoż Joanna , Lęgas Aleksandra
Published: January 2022

The processes of exploitation of military objects are usually characterised by the specificity of the operation and the complexity of both the process itself and the object. This specificity may relate both to the type of tasks that these objects carry out and to the environment in which these processes take place. Complexity is usually reflected in the very structure of an object (for example, a ship, an aircraft or a helicopter) and, consequently, in its operation/maintenance system. The above mentioned features, as well as the limited access to data, naturally limits the set of publications available on this subject. In this article, the authors have presented a method of assessing the readiness of military helicopters operated by the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland. The readiness of technical objects used in military exploitation systems is a basic indicator of equipment preparation for executing tasks. In exploitation process research, the mathematical models are usually discrete in states and continuous in time stochastic processes, in the set of which Markov models are included. The paper presents an example of using Markov processes with discrete time and with continuous time to assess the readiness of a technical object performing tasks appearing in random moments of time. At the same time, the aim of the examined system to achieve a state of balance is presented.
PENERAPAN GRADIENT BOOSTING DENGAN HYPEROPT UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI KEBERHASILAN TELEMARKETING BANK
Authors: Suryana Silvia Elsa , Warsito Budi , Suparti Suparti
Published: January 2022

Telemarketing is another form of marketing which is conducted via telephone. Bank can use telemarketing to offer its products such as term deposit. One of the most important strategy to the success of telemarketing is opting the potential customer to create effective telemarketing. Predicting the success of telemarketing can use machine learning. Gradient boosting is machine learning method with advanced decision tree. Gardient boosting involves many classification trees which are continually upgraded from previous tree. The optimal classification result cannot be separated from the role of the optimal hyperparameter.  Hyperopt is Python library that can be used to tune hyperparameter effectively because it uses Bayesian optimization. Hyperopt uses hyperparameter prior distribution to find optimal hyperparameter. Data in this study including 20 independent variables and binary dependent variable which has ‘yes’ and ‘no’ classes. The study showed that gradient boosting reached classification accuracy up to 90,39%, precision 94,91%, and AUC 0,939. These values describe gradient boosting method is able to predict both classes ‘yes’ and ‘no’ relatively accurate.
KLASIFIKASI REGRESI LOGISTIK MULTINOMIAL DAN FUZZY K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR (FK-NN) DALAM PEMILIHAN METODE KONTRASEPSI DI KECAMATAN BULAKAMBA, KABUPATEN BREBES, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Rismia Erysta Risky , Widiharih Tatik , Santoso Rukun
Published: January 2022

The characteristics of society in choosing contraceptive methods are also the crucial factors for the government to prepare the family planning services needed at Bulakamba District, Brebes Regency, Central Java. In this case, a classification process needs to be done to assist the process of classifying the characteristics of society in the selection of contraceptive methods. Multinomial Logistic Regression classification is good in exploring data information  meanwhile Fuzzy K Nearest Neighbor (FK-NN) classification is good for handling big data and noise. These two methods used in this study because they are relevant to the data applied and will be compared their classification accuracy through APER and Press's Q calculations.The classification accuracy results obtained based on the APER calculation for Multinomial Logistic Regression is 88,25% and Fuzzy K Nearest Neighbor (FK-NN) is 88,92%.  Meanwhile, the Press's Q value of both methods are 9600,945 and 9518,014 greater than χ 2𝛼,1 which is 3,841, so that it is statistically accurate. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Multinomial Logistic Regression classification method has a better classification accuracy than Fuzzy K Nearest Neighbor (FK-NN) method.
IMPLEMENTASI R-SHINY UNTUK ANALISIS BIPLOT KOMPONEN UTAMA (Studi Kasus: Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi pada Peserta Aktif KB di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2019)
Authors: Andreanto Andreanto , Yasin Hasbi , Rusgiyono Agus
Published: January 2022

The population problem is a fairly complex and complicated problem. Therefore, Indonesia seeks to control the birth rate with the Family Planning program. The implementation of this program can be evaluated through statistical data. The statistical analysis used is biplot principal component analysis to see the relationship between districts/cities in choosing the contraceptive device/method used, the variance of each contraceptive device/method, the correlation between contraceptive devices/methods, and the superiority value of the contraceptive device/method in the population. each district/city. The problem with performing the analysis is the limitations of easy-to-use open source software. As with R, users must understand writing code to perform data analysis. Therefore, to perform a biplot analysis of the principal components, an RShiny application has been created using RStudio. The R-Shiny that has been made has many  advantages,  including  complete  results  which  include  data  display,  data transformation, SVD matrix, to graphs along with plot graph interpretation. The results of the principal component biplot analysis using R-Shiny with α =1 have the advantage of a good principal component biplot, which is 95.63%. This shows that the biplot interpretation of the main components produced can be explained well the relationship between the district/city and the contraceptive methods/devices used.
ANALISIS KECENDERUNGAN LAPORAN MASYARAKAT PADA “LAPORGUB..!” PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH MENGGUNAKAN TEXT MINING DENGAN FUZZY C-MEANS CLUSTERING
Authors: Kurniasari Ratna , Santoso Rukun , Prahutama Alan
Published: January 2022

Effective communication between the government and society is essential to achieve good governance. The government makes an effort to provide a means of public complaints through an online aspiration and complaint service called “LaporGub..!”. To group incoming reports easier, the topic of the report is searched by using clustering. Text Mining is used to convert text data into numeric data so that it can be processed further. Clustering is classified as soft clustering (fuzzy) and hard clustering. Hard clustering will divide data into clusters strictly without any overlapping membership with other clusters. Soft clustering can enter data into several clusters with a certain degree of membership value. Different membership values make fuzzy grouping have more natural results than hard clustering because objects at the boundary between several classes are not forced to fully fit into one class but each object is assigned a degree of membership. Fuzzy c-means has an advantage in terms of having a more precise placement of the cluster center compared to other cluster methods, by improving the cluster center repeatedly. The formation of the best number of clusters is seen based on the maximum silhouette coefficient. Wordcloud is used to determine the dominant topic in each cluster. Word cloud is a form of text data visualization. The results show that the maximum silhouette coefficient value for fuzzy c-means clustering is shown by the three clusters. The first cluster produces a word cloud regarding road conditions as many as 449 reports, the second cluster produces a word cloud regarding covid assistance as many as 964 reports, and the third cluster produces a word cloud regarding farmers fertilizers as many as 176 reports. The topic of the report regarding covid assistance is the cluster with the most number of members.
Působení Jaroslava Bidla a Milady Paulové v pražské univerzitní extenzi
Authors: Brádlerová Daniela , Ďurčanský Marek
Published: January 2022

Like many other universities across Europe, the Czech Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague (later Charles University), too, since the end of the nineteenth century tried to reach wider strata of society using lectures intended for the broad public, so-called ‘extensions’. These activities importantly included several representatives of historical Slavic studies, especially Jaroslav Bidlo and his student Milada Paulová. This study focuses on the period during which Bidlo, in 1921–1931, served as president of the Prague committee for organising lectures for the broad public, the ‘Extension of Prague Universities’, while Paulová helped as a secretary of this institution (1921–1935).
Dušan Coufal. Turnaj víry. Polemika o kalich na basilejském koncilu 1431–1433
Authors: Zilynská Blanka
Published: January 2022

Book review on Dušan Coufal. Turnaj víry. Polemika o kalich na basilejském koncilu 1431–1433 (Studie a prameny k dějinám myšlení v českých zemích, sv. 20), Praha, Filosofia 2020, 652 s., ISBN 978-80-7007-620-0.
Martin Franc – Lenka Krátká (edd.), Dějiny AMU ve vyprávěních
Authors: Továrek Michal
Published: January 2022

Book review on Martin Franc – Lenka Krátká (edd.), Dějiny AMU ve vyprávěních, Nakladatelství AMU, Praha 2017, 311 s., ISBN 978-80-7331-398-2.
Escala de Bienestar Subjetivo, versión corta (EBS-8): Revalidación, invarianza de medición y teoría de respuesta al ítem
Authors: Calleja Nazira , Mason Tere A. , Gómez Pérez Olimpia
Published: January 2022

La Escala de Bienestar Subjetivo (ebs-20) y su versión corta (ebs-8) fueron desarrolladas y validadas para medir en población hispanohablante la satisfacción con la vida y el afecto positivo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue obtener evidencias adicionales de validez para la ebs-8. Para ello, se aplicó la escala en tres estudios sucesivos a un total de 2259 mexicanos de 12 a 81 años. Los resultados del primer estudio permitieron confirmar la estructura unifactorial (cmin/df = 2.336; cfi = .996; rmsea = .047) y la adecuada confiabilidad de la escala (α = .958, ω = .957); en el segundo se probó su invarianza de medición por sexo, grupo social y edad (Δχ2 p > .05, δcfi < .004, δrmsea < .014); y en el tercer estudio se encontró, mediante la calibración de sus reactivos bajo la tri, que la escala estima satisfactoriamente el constructo evaluado (α > 1.69; β1 entre –2.78 y –2.35). A partir de los índices psicométricos obtenidos, se concluye que la ebs-8 es un excelente instrumento breve construido en español para evaluar el bienestar subjetivo en adolescentes, jóvenes, adultos y adultos mayores.
Educação em ciências no “portal covid-19”: problematizando a relação humano-natureza por meio da história e da filosofia da ciência
Authors: Moura Cristiano
Published: January 2022

A crise sanitária e humanitária causada pela covid-19 levou a uma ruptura profunda nas formas com as quais estávamos acostumados a viver nas últimas décadas. Provavelmente o maior movimento de confinamento a que assistimos em escala mundial nos últimos tempos trouxe também um repensar das estruturas que sustentam esse mundo. O “portal covid-19”, conforme afirmado por Arundhati Roy, é uma forma de cunhar este momento trágico e, ao mesmo tempo, uma possibilidade de fazer com que, a partir dele, percebamos a necessidade de pressionar por novos rumos para a sociedade. Partindo da observação de que crises sanitárias como esta estão ligadas a uma relação humano-natureza extremamente desequilibrada, aponto que essa relação é historicamente desequilibrada, e não apenas na atualidade. Assim, proponho que a utilização da história e filosofia da ciência no ensino de ciências, se voltada para discutir essa temática, pode ser um caminho para problematizar a relação humano-natureza, de forma que possamos construir um futuro em que essa relação alcance um patamar de maior equilíbrio.
Biografías científicas en la enseñanza de ciencias: límites y potencialidades
Authors: Pereira Letícia dos Santos
Published: January 2022

Previously considered anecdotal and hagiographic, scientific biographies regained their importance in historiography in the last decades of the 20th century, presenting new objects and approaches for research in the History of Sciences. New approaches to biographical genre in science allow us to rethink the role of narratives focused on the lives of scientists for science education, opening new ways of thinking about the historical approach to scientific content and the insertion of topics related to the production of science in our society. In this text, we will discuss the potential and limitations in the use of Scientific Biographies for science education.
Transición de laboratorios presenciales a virtuales: impacto de una experiencia en un curso de Fisiología
Authors: García Muñoz Harry
Published: January 2022

In-person laboratories are a fundamental part of the physiology courses at Universidad del Valle; however, we were not prepared to run them virtually. Given the impact of COVID-19 on education, we were forced to face the challenge of making quick adaptations to continue offering a high-impact learning experience. As the virtual modality of the laboratories is a new scenario, it is necessary to research the impact of its implementation, the evaluation of the students, and the probable gaps in the process. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact that the implementation of laboratory experiences in a virtual environment had on students of a physiology course at the Universidad del Valle and to identify how can its development be improved. A total of 35 students participated in this research that was conducted utilizing a survey that questioned the opinions and asked to evaluate the labs in the virtual modality. The results showed a fluctuation between regular and excellent when they were asked to evaluate their experience. Nonetheless, most of them indicated that in the subjects in which the laboratory was developed, they had advantages in comparison to those subjects in which there was not an associated laboratory. On the other hand, they made suggestions for improvement and emphasize that in the case that we were to be continuing with technology-assisted activities it would be important to incorporate virtual laboratories in physiology classes. Additionally, they gave opinions about the advantages of the face-to-face laboratories and suggest a greater accompaniment of the professor in the virtual laboratories.
Niveles de lectura en preguntas de un libro de Fisiología: ¿cuál es su relevancia para la enseñanza?
Authors: Arenas Hernández Karina Alejandra
Published: January 2022

The use of textbooks is common in basic science teaching practices; however, there is a tendency to use them automatically without identifying what kind of support students may need to read them, understand their content, and know what to do with the information. The objective of this paper is to present the analysis of the reading levels promoted by the questions of a Physiology text used by a university teacher and to reflect upon the importance of this type of approach for the teaching practices of the basic sciences. A qualitative descriptive methodology and the technique of content analysis were used to analyze the study questions of the selected book. The results show that in the unit analyzed questions that appeal to the creative level of reading predominate, which facilitates the use of information from the texts to interpret phenomena and, therefore, has a high complexity; in addition, there are questions of a literal type that, unlike the previous ones, require less active processing by the reader. This type of analysis makes it easier for the teacher of the course to identify the scope of what the textbook offers and what type of additional strategies should be included in their teaching practices so that their students achieve complex reading levels, which are fundamental for their performance in the academic environment.
Educación en hábitos alimentarios. Lo establecido en el PAE y la realidad del CED rural de Mochuelo Alto
Authors: Carrero Muñoz Yuly Katherin , Camargo Cárdenas David
Published: January 2022

This article presents the findings of a study on how the ‘Programa de Alimentación Escolar – PAE’ is carried out and how it affects students at one public Educational Institution in Bogotá, Colombia. The main objective was to establish whether the PAE has promoted or modified good eating habits in the children at CED Rural de Mochuelo Alto. Using a qualitative approach, data collected from interviews with students, teachers and managers, were processed in AtlasTi to compare and contrast the real dynamics of this Program with its intended purpose as stated in official documents. The results show that the teaching of good eating habits is not being carried out and, on the contrary, the feeding program at the schools with the offered menus does not promote healthy eating habits and results in food waste or reinforces bad eating habits already acquired.
ANN softmax
Authors: Zhao Kang , Song Liuyihan , Zhang Yingya , Pan Pan , Xu Yinghui , Jin Rong
Published: January 2022

Thanks to the popularity of GPU and the growth of its computational power, more and more deep learning tasks, such as face recognition, image retrieval and word embedding, can take advantage of extreme classification to improve accuracy. However, it remains a big challenge to train a deep model with millions of classes efficiently due to the huge memory and computation consumption in the last layer. By sampling a small set of classes to avoid the total classes calculation, sampling-based approaches have been proved to be an effective solution. But most of them suffer from the following two issues: i) the important classes are ignored or only partly sampled, such as the methods using random sampling scheme or retrieval techniques of low recall (e.g., locality-sensitive hashing), resulting in the degradation of accuracy; ii) inefficient implementation owing to incompatibility with GPU, like selective softmax. It uses hashing forest to help select classes, but the search process is implemented in CPU. To address the above issues, we propose a new sampling-based softmax called
ANN Softmax
in this paper. Specifically, we employ binary quantization with inverted file system to improve the recall of important classes. With the help of dedicated kernel design, it can be totally parallelized in mainstream training framework. Then, we find the size of important classes that are recalled by each training sample has a great impact on the final accuracy, so we introduce sample grouping optimization to well approximate the full classes training. Experimental evaluations on two tasks (Embedding Learning and Classification) and ten datasets (e.g., MegaFace, ImageNet, SKU datasets) demonstrate our proposed method maintains the same precision as Full Softmax for different loss objectives, including cross entropy loss, ArcFace, CosFace and D-Softmax loss, with only 1/10 sampled classes, which outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques. Moreover, we implement
ANN Soft-max
in a complete GPU pipeline that can accelerate the training more than 4.3X. Equipped our method with a 256 GPUs cluster, the time of training a classifier of 300 million classes on our SKU-300M dataset can be reduced to ten days.
On detecting cherry-picked generalizations
Authors: Lin Yin , Youngmann Brit , Moskovitch Yuval , Jagadish H. V. , Milo Tova
Published: January 2022

Generalizing from detailed data to statements in a broader context is often critical for users to make sense of large data sets. Correspondingly, poorly constructed generalizations might convey misleading information even if the statements are technically supported by the data. For example, a cherry-picked level of aggregation could obscure substantial sub-groups that oppose the generalization. We present a framework for detecting and explaining cherry-picked generalizations by refining aggregate queries. We present a scoring method to indicate the appropriateness of the generalizations. We design efficient algorithms for score computation. For providing a better understanding of the resulting score, we also formulate practical explanation tasks to disclose significant counterexamples and provide better alternatives to the statement. We conduct experiments using real-world data sets and examples to show the effectiveness of our proposed evaluation metric and the efficiency of our algorithmic framework.
FACE
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Chai Chengliang , Liu Jiabin , Li Guoliang
Published: January 2022

Cardinality estimation is one of the most important problems in query optimization. Recently, machine learning based techniques have been proposed to effectively estimate cardinality, which can be broadly classified into query-driven and data-driven approaches. Query-driven approaches learn a regression model from a query to its cardinality; while data-driven approaches learn a distribution of tuples, select some samples that satisfy a SQL query, and use the data distributions of these selected tuples to estimate the cardinality of the SQL query. As query-driven methods rely on training queries, the estimation quality is not reliable when there are no high-quality training queries; while data-driven methods have no such limitation and have high adaptivity.

In this work, we focus on data-driven methods. A good data-driven model should achieve three optimization goals. First, the model needs to capture data dependencies between columns and support large domain sizes (achieving high accuracy). Second, the model should achieve high inference efficiency, because many data samples are needed to estimate the cardinality (achieving low inference latency). Third, the model should not be too large (achieving a small model size). However, existing data-driven methods cannot simultaneously optimize the three goals. To address the limitations, we propose a novel cardinality estimator FACE, which leverages the Normalizing Flow based model to learn a continuous joint distribution for relational data. FACE can transform a complex distribution over continuous random variables into a simple distribution (e.g., multivariate normal distribution), and use the probability density to estimate the cardinality. First, we design a dequantization method to make data more "continuous". Second, we propose encoding and indexing techniques to handle Like predicates for string data. Third, we propose a Monte Carlo method to efficiently estimate the cardinality. Experimental results show that our method significantly outperforms existing approaches in terms of
estimation accuracy
while keeping similar
latency
and
model size.
DeepEverest
Authors: He Dong , Daum Maureen , Cai Walter , Balazinska Magdalena
Published: January 2022

We design, implement, and evaluate DeepEverest, a system for the efficient execution of
interpretation by example
queries over the activation values of a deep neural network. DeepEverest consists of an efficient indexing technique and a query execution algorithm with various optimizations. We prove that the proposed query execution algorithm is instance optimal. Experiments with our prototype show that DeepEverest, using less than 20% of the storage of full materialization, significantly accelerates individual queries by up to 63X and consistently outperforms other methods on multi-query workloads that simulate DNN interpretation processes.
On non-resistive limit of 1D MHD equations with no vacuum at infinity
Authors: Li Zilai , Wang Huaqiao , Ye Yulin
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the Cauchy problem for the one-dimensional compressible isentropic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with no vacuum at infinity is considered, but the initial vacuum can be permitted inside the region. By deriving a priori ν (resistivity coefficient)-independent estimates, we establish the non-resistive limit of the global strong solutions with large initial data. Moreover, as a by-product, the global well-posedness of strong solutions for the compressible resistive MHD equations is also established.
Impact of sports participation on components of metabolic syndrome in adolescents: ABCD growth study
Authors: Menezes Veronica Alves de , Torres Wesley , Mesquita Eduardo Duarte de Lima , Chagas Lucas Gabriel de Moraes , Morano Ana Elisa von Ah , Urban Jacqueline Bexiga , Avelar Ademar , Christofaro Diego Giuliano Destro , Fernandes Romulo Araujo
Published: January 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to analyze the impact of sports participation (12 months of practice) on the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in both sexes.

Methods

This is an observational longitudinal study, a part of which is entitled “Analysis of Behaviors of Children During Growth” (ABCD Growth Study), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. The sample was composed of 171 adolescents (112 boys and 59 girls), divided into non-sports and sports groups. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides, and glucose were analyzed by the colorimetric method of dry chemistry and processed biochemically. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured using an automatic device. Body fat was estimated using a densitometry scanner.

Results

Adolescents who practiced sports were younger (p-value=0.001) and had a lower peak height velocity (p-value=0.001) than the non-sports group. The differences (Δ) after 12 months were of greater magnitude for the sports group when compared to the non-sports group (p-value=0.013), glucose (moderate magnitude in favor of the sports group; p-value=0.001), HDL-c (small magnitude in favor of the sports group; p-value=0.0015), and MetS (moderate magnitude in favor of the sports group; p-value=0.001).

Conclusions

The practice of sports in adolescents had a protective effect on the metabolic components of MetS.
Who needs prenatal counselling with a pediatric surgeon? Experience from a large tertiary care university hospital
Authors: Froeliger Alizée , Harper Luke , Tunon de Lara Sara , Lavrand Frédéric , Loot Maya , Lefevre Yan , Sentilhes Loïc , Coatleven Frédéric , Dobremez Éric
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To describe our experience with prenatal counselling for surgical anomalies in a large volume center. The secondary aim is to suggest a list of prenatal abnormalities warranting counselling by a pediatric surgeon.

Methods

We reviewed all prenatal counselling consultations performed by the pediatric surgery team between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2016.

Results

A total of 169 patients or couples had a prenatal consultation with a pediatric surgeon. Prenatal work-up included a fetal MRI in 26% of cases, mainly for digestive and thoracic pathologies (56.1% of cases). Consultation with the pediatric surgeon led mainly to recommendations concerning the place of delivery. Induction for reasons related to the fetal anomaly occurred in 22.2% of cases. Most children were surgically treated within the first year of life (63.5%). Correlation between predicted prognosis and actual status at four years of life was 96.9%. Correlation between prenatal and postnatal diagnosis was 87.4%.

Conclusions

Prenatal counselling by a pediatric surgeon allows couples to obtain clear information on the pathology of their unborn child, giving them greater autonomy in their decision to continue the pregnancy.
The crystal structure of poly[diaqua-(μ2-1,2,4,5-tetrakis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-benzene-κ2N:N′)-bis(μ3-terephthalato-κ3O:O′:O′′)dicadmium(II)], C17H15N6O5Cd
Authors: Wang Hua-Rui
Published: January 2022

C17H15N6O5Cd, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.095(2) Å, b = 13.380(3) Å, c = 14.968(5) Å, β = 115.16(2)°, V = 1829.9(9) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0267, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0602, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of (μ4-(1,2,4,5-tetra(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-benzene-κ4
N:N1:N2:N3
)disilver(I) diperchlorate
Authors: Wang Hua-Rui
Published: January 2022

C9H9N6O4ClAg, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 24.730(5) Å, b = 11.776(2) Å, c = 9.6860(19) Å, β = 109.09(3)°, V = 2665.6(9) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0646, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.2177, T = 293(2) K.
Investigations on the interaction between the front and aft purge flow and the downstream vane of 1.5-stage turbine
Authors: Zhenpeng He , Jiaxing Zhou , Jia Xin , Chengquan Yang , Baichun Li
Published: January 2022

The present work reports the influence of the 1.5-stage turbine flow field by the front and aft rim seal flow. The interaction between the front and aft purge flow and the mainstream of a 1.5-stage turbine was numerically simulated, and the influence of the front and aft purge flow on the downstream vane was analyzed separately. The results show that the front purge flow is distributed at the higher radius of second vane inlet, which changes the position of the blade hub secondary flows, and the aft purge flow is distributed at the low radius. The purge flow at different locations in the aft cavity exit forms shear induced vortex, pressure and suction side legs of the egress, which converges with the suction and pressure side legs of the horse vortex to form vane hub passage vortex. The increased purge flow rate in both the front and aft cavities significantly increases the sealing effectiveness of the rim seal, but also causes a reduction in turbine efficiency. The combined effect of the front and aft purge flow reduces the turbine efficiency of the end-wall structure by 0.3619, 0.9062, 1.5004, 2.0188 and 2.509% at IR = 0, IR = 0.5%, IR = 0.9%, IR = 1.3% and IR = 1.7%.
Development of Cave Tourism in the Domica Area in Slovakia
Authors: Bolechová Barbara , Kršák Branislav , Sidor Csaba , Štrba Ľubomír
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study. The main goal of the study is to determine the most effective solutions for the development of cave tourism and medical tourism, as well as the standard of living and infrastructure of the region, based on the used literature and the questionnaire research on tourism development. Applied methods. The study starts with information about the natural and geological heritage found in the Domica region in Slovakia. It continues with the discovery, construction and characterization of the most significant caves from a tourist and economic point of view. Following the professional characterization, the questionnaire research developed and evaluated in the last stage of the study analyzes the possibility of the development of cave tourism and health tourism in the immediate vicinity of the Domica Cave based on the opinions, remarks and experiences of the service providers in the area. Outcomes. Caves are called natural underground cavities that have formed as a result of geomorphological and geophysical processes under different natural conditions. The caves in the karst are dissolved or are created by the weathering of the bedrock, while after the leakage of gases, caves form as cavities in the volcanic rocks. Few countries have as many different underground karst formations as Slovakia, with 7,014 known caves, of which only 18 can be visited. Discovering these underground wonders is a new challenge for hikers. Interest in caves peaked in the 20th century, when the desire to return to nature and improve the health of patients with respiratory diseases (speleotherapy) became the leading motivation. Today, caves are most often used for recreation. Nevertheless, within geotourism a popular way to explore caves is caving and the associated extreme or less extreme sports that only came to the fore in the 21st century. The results of the research of this study are sufficient evidence that the region is suitable for the development of cave tourism and medical tourism, for which the most obvious solution is to create an international geopark.
SARS-CoV-2 Gastrointestinal Shedding in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Tam Ivy , McNamara Courtney , Dunbar Julie , O’Connor Katherine , Manzano Gonzalo , Cabana Michael D. , Hametz Patricia A.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus that can cause gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, with studies demonstrating detection of stool viral RNA weeks after respiratory tract clearance. It is unknown if children who test negative for SARS-CoV-2 on a nasopharyngeal (NP) swab may be shedding the virus in their stool.

OBJECTIVE

To measure the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 stool shedding in children with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 NP polymerase chain reactions (PCR) tests, and to determine clinical factors associated with GI shedding.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled hospitalized patients 0 to 21 years old with a positive or a negative SARS-CoV-2 NP PCR test who had respiratory and/or GI symptoms. Participants were surveyed, and stool samples were sent for viral PCR testing. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate bivariate associations of stool PCR test positivity with categorical variables.

RESULTS

Sixty-seven patients were consented; 34 patients did not provide stool samples so 33 patients were included: 17 NP-positive and 16 NP-negative for SARS-CoV-2. Eight of the 17 NP-positive patients had a positive stool PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, while none of the 16 SARS-CoV-2 NP-negative patients had a positive result (P < .01). For the 17 SARS-CoV-2 NP-positive patients, GI symptoms were associated with a positive stool PCR test (P = .05) for SARS-CoV-2, but this association was not found for all 33 patients (P = .11). No associations were found with patients in an immunocompromised state or those with a comorbid condition, fever and/or chills, respiratory symptoms, headache and/or myalgias, or anosmia and/or ageusia.

CONCLUSIONS

SARS-CoV-2 GI shedding is common and associated with GI symptoms in NP-positive children, with 47% having positive stool PCRs for SARS-CoV-2. GI shedding was not demonstrated in SARS-CoV-2 NP-negative children.
Reducing Unnecessary Respiratory Viral Testing to Promote High-Value Care
Authors: Ostrow Olivia , Savlov Deena , Richardson Susan E. , Friedman Jeremy N.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Viral respiratory infections are common in children, and practice guidelines do not recommend routine testing for typical viral illnesses. Despite results often not impacting care, nasopharyngeal swabs for viral testing are frequently performed and are an uncomfortable procedure. The aim of this initiative was to decrease unnecessary respiratory viral testing (RVT) in the emergency department (ED) and the pediatric medicine wards (PMWs) by 50% and 25%, respectively, over 36 months.

METHODS

An expert panel reviewed published guidelines and appropriate evidence to formulate an RVT pathway using plan-do-study-act cycles. A multifaceted improvement strategy was developed that included implementing 2 newer, more effective tests when testing was deemed necessary; electronic order modifications with force functions; audit and feedback; and education. By using statistical process control charts, the outcomes analyzed were the percentage of RVT ordered in the ED and the rate of RVT ordered on the PMWs. Balancing measures included return visits leading to admission and inpatient viral nosocomial outbreaks.

RESULTS

The RVT rate decreased from a mean of 3.0% to 0.5% of ED visits and from 44.3 to 30.1 per 1000 patient days on the PMWs and was sustained throughout the study. Even when accounting for the new rapid influenza test available in the ED, a 50% decrease in overall ED RVT was still achieved without any significant impact on return visits leading to admission or inpatient nosocomial infections.

CONCLUSIONS

Through implementation of a standardized, electronically integrated RVT pathway, a decrease in unnecessary RVT was successfully achieved. Audit and feedback, reminders, and biannual education all supported long-term sustainability of this initiative.
Home Health Care Utilization in Children With Medicaid
Authors: Sobotka Sarah A. , Hall David E. , Thurm Cary , Gay James , Berry Jay G.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Although many children with medical complexity (CMC) use home health care (HHC), little is known about all pediatric HHC utilizers. Our objective was to assess characteristics of pediatric HHC recipients, providers, and payments.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 5 209 525 children age 0-to-17 years enrolled Medicaid in the 2016 IBM Watson MarketScan Medicaid Database. HHC utilizers had ≥ 1 HHC claim. Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were reviewed to codify provider types when possible: registered nurse (RN), licensed practical nurse (LPN), home health aide (HHA), certified nursing assistant (CNA), or companion/personal attendant. Enrollee clinical characteristics, HHC provider type, and payments were assessed. Chronic conditions were evaluated with Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Chronic Condition Indicators and Feudtner’s Complex Chronic Conditions.

RESULTS

Of the 0.8% of children who used HHC, 43.8% were age <1 year, 25% had no chronic condition, 38.6% had a noncomplex chronic condition, 21.5% had a complex chronic condition without technology assistance, and 15.5% had technology assistance (eg, tracheostomy). HHC for children with technology assistance accounted for 72.6% of all HHC spending. Forty-five percent of HHC utilizers received RN/LPN-level care, 7.9% companion/personal attendant care, 5.9% HHA/CNA-level care, and 36% received care from an unspecified provider. For children with technology assistance, the majority (77.2%) received RN/LPN care, 17.5% companion/personal assistant care, and 13.8% HHA/CNA care.

CONCLUSIONS

Children using HHC are a heterogeneous population who receive it from a variety of providers. Future investigations should explore the role of nonnurse caregivers, particularly with CMC.
Characteristics and Outcomes of MI with Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries in a South-east Asian Cohort
Authors: Wong Cheney Jianlin , Yap Jonathan , Gao Fei , Lau Yee How , Huang Weiting , Jaufeerally Fazlur , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Ho Hee Hwa , Chan Mark , Tan Kelvin Bryan , Yeo Khung Keong
Published: January 2022

Background: MI with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is caused by a heterogenous group of conditions with clinically significant sequelae. Aim: This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis of MINOCA with MI with obstructive coronary artery disease (MICAD). Methods: Data on patients with a first presentation of MI between 2011 and 2014 were extracted from the Singapore Cardiac Longitudinal Outcomes Database and patients were classified as having either MINOCA or MICAD. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality (ACM) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as a composite of ACM, recurrent MI, heart failure hospitalisation and stroke. Results: Of the 4,124 patients who were included in this study, 159 (3.9%) were diagnosed with MINOCA. They were more likely to be women, present with a non-ST-elevation MI, have a higher left ventricular ejection fraction and less likely to have diabetes, previous stroke or smoking history. Over a mean follow-up duration of 4.5 years, MINOCA patients had a lower incidence of ACM (10.1% versus 16.5%) and MACE (20.8% versus 35.5%) compared with MICAD. On multivariable analysis, patients with MINOCA had a lower risk of ACM (HR 0.42; 95% CI [0.21–0.82]) and MACE (HR 0.42; 95% CI [0.26–0.69]). Within the MINOCA group, older age, higher creatinine, a ST-elevation MI presentation, and the absence of antiplatelet use predicted ACM and MACE. Conclusion: While patients with MINOCA had better clinical outcomes compared with MICAD patients, MINOCA is not a benign entity, with one in five patients experiencing an adverse cardiovascular event in the long term.
A Case of Osseocartilaginous Defects and Cardiovascular Anomalies: An Ambiguous Entity
Authors: Paul Aritra , Ghose Aruni , Banerjee Debasish , Banerjee Suvro
Published: January 2022

A 24-year-old man presented with a history of palpitation and haemoptysis. He had a short stature, cardiac anomalies and physical deformities, including polydactyly, clubbing, cataracts and cyanosis. Echocardiography was performed, revealing both atrial and ventricular septal defects, along with severe pulmonary hypertension and Eisenmenger syndrome.
The heritage of the League of Nations’ minority protection system
Authors: Scheu Harald Christian
Published: January 2022

This paper discusses the system of minority protection of the League of Nations. Minority protection occupied a prominent place on the League’s agenda, which developed a significant expertise in the field. The League’s system of minority protection is often regarded as an experiment. With regard to both material and procedural aspects this assessment is certainly correct. In particular, minority protection based upon legally binding treaties and declarations gave rise to the question of how individual and group rights should be treated within the frame of an international political organization. The paper further examines whether at least some of the elements of the League’s minority protection system still persist in the context of contemporary international human rights law.
The Implementation of Prophetic Values to Maintain Journalist Professionalism
Authors: Emeraldien Fikry Zahria , Sugihartati Rahma , Iqbal Dwiki , Annisa Qhoirun , Ardelia Putri
Published: January 2022

Campus journalism is a place for students to develop their potential in the journalism field. Students who are agents of change not only provide quality news but also provide moral value in the news production process. Quality news can be raised through the role of a journalist in writing news (information). Prophetic journalism is a journalistic concept taken from the nature of the prophets. In this paper, we examine the application of the concept of prophetic journalism –journalism that imitates the prophetic characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad– among campus journalists. Prophet Muhammad is known for his four characteristics: siddiq (delivering accurate information), amanah (trustworthy as a source of information), tabligh (delivering information in its entirety), fathanah (a journalist is required to be smart in revealing the truth of the news). The data from this study is the result of observations from the daily life of the researcher when carrying out the news production process with other campus journalists ranging from electronic media (radio & television), print, and online. The results of this study indicate that campus journalists at UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya apply prophetic journalism well. By implementing the prophetic characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad when carrying out journalistic activities, journalists can maintain the professionalism of journalists. By using ethnographic research methods or commonly referred to as field research, researchers make observations as the main data and are equipped with in-depth interviews with several campus journalists. We also propose the nature of Prophet Ibrahim to be incorporated into the concept of prophetic journalism as well. Prophet Ibrahim is known for the story of his courage to seek the truth and reveal it when everyone was against it. This courage is important in supporting journalistic activities among students and professionals.