bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A lead‐lag analysis of the topic evolution patterns for preprints and publications
Authors: Hu Beibei , Dong Xianlei , Zhang Chenwei , Bowman Timothy D. , Ding Ying , Milojević Staša , Ni Chaoqun , Yan Erjia , Larivière Vincent
Published: April 2015

This study applied LDA (latent Dirichlet allocation) and regression analysis to conduct a lead‐lag analysis to identify different topic evolution patterns between preprints and papers from arXiv and the Web of Science (WoS) in astrophysics over the last 20 years (1992–2011). Fifty topics in arXiv and WoS were generated using an LDA algorithm and then regression models were used to explain 4 types of topic growth patterns. Based on the slopes of the fitted equation curves, the paper redefines the topic trends and popularity. Results show that arXiv and WoS share similar topics in a given domain, but differ in evolution trends. Topics in WoS lose their popularity much earlier and their durations of popularity are shorter than those in arXiv. This work demonstrates that open access preprints have stronger growth tendency as compared to traditional printed publications.
Smartphone‐based public health information systems: Anonymity, privacy and intervention
Authors: Clarke Andrew , Steele Robert
Published: April 2015

The pervasive availability of smartphones and their connected external sensors or wearable devices can provide a new public health data collection capability. Current research and commercial efforts have concentrated on sensor‐based collection of health data for personal fitness and healthcare feedback purposes. However, to date there has not been a detailed investigation of how such smartphones and sensors can be utilized for public health data collection purposes. Public health data have the characteristic of being capturable while still not infringing upon privacy, as the full detailed data of individuals are not needed but rather only anonymized, aggregate, de‐identified, and non‐unique data for an individual. For example, rather than details of physical activity including specific route, just total caloric burn over a week or month could be submitted, thereby strongly assisting non‐re‐identification. In this paper we introduce, prototype, and evaluate a new type of public health information system to provide aggregate population health data capture and public health intervention capabilities via utilizing smartphone and sensor capabilities, while fully maintaining the anonymity and privacy of each individual. We consider in particular the key aspects of privacy, anonymity, and intervention capabilities of these emerging systems and provide a detailed evaluation of anonymity preservation characteristics.
C‐sanitized: A privacy model for document redaction and sanitization
Authors: Sánchez David , Batet Montserrat
Published: April 2015

Vast amounts of information are daily exchanged and/or released. The sensitive nature of much of this information creates a serious privacy threat when documents are uncontrollably made available to untrusted third parties. In such cases, appropriate data protection measures should be undertaken by the responsible organization, especially under the umbrella of current legislation on data privacy. To do so, human experts are usually requested to redact or sanitize document contents. To relieve this burdensome task, this paper presents a privacy model for document redaction/sanitization, which offers several advantages over other models available in the literature. Based on the well‐established foundations of data semantics and information theory, our model provides a framework to develop and implement automated and inherently semantic redaction/sanitization tools. Moreover, contrary to ad‐hoc redaction methods, our proposal provides a priori privacy guarantees which can be intuitively defined according to current legislations on data privacy. Empirical tests performed within the context of several use cases illustrate the applicability of our model and its ability to mimic the reasoning of human sanitizers.
Some variations on the standard theoretical models for the h‐index: A comparative analysis
Authors: Malesios Chrisovalantis
Published: April 2015

Various mathematical models have been proposed in the recent literature for estimating the h‐index using measures such as number of articles (P) and citations received (C). These models have been previously empirically tested assuming a mathematical model and predetermining the models' parameter values at some fixed constant. The present study, from a statistical modeling viewpoint, investigates alternative distributions commonly used for this type of point data. The study shows that the typical assumptions for the parameters of the h‐index mathematical models in such representations are not always realistic, with more suitable specifications being favorable. Prediction of the h‐index is also demonstrated.
A context‐dependent relevance model
Authors: Dang Edward Kai Fung , Luk Robert W.P. , Allan James
Published: April 2015

Numerous past studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of therelevance model(RM) for information retrieval (IR). This approach enables relevance or pseudo‐relevance feedback to be incorporated within the language modeling framework ofIR. In the traditionalRM, the feedback information is used to improve the estimate of thequerylanguage model. In this article, we introduce an extension ofRMin the setting of relevance feedback. Our method provides an additional way to incorporate feedback via the improvement of thedocumentlanguage models. Specifically, we make use of the context information of known relevant and nonrelevant documents to obtain weighted counts of query terms for estimating the document language models. The context information is based on the words (unigrams or bigrams) appearing within a text window centered on query terms. Experiments on several Text REtrieval Conference (TREC)collections show that our context‐dependent relevance model can improve retrieval performance over the baselineRM. Together with previous studies within theBM25 framework, our current study demonstrates that the effectiveness of our method for using context information inIRis quite general and not limited to any specific retrieval model.
Understanding collaborative search for places of interest
Authors: Aldosari Misfer , Sanderson Mark , Tam Audrey , Uitdenbogerd Alexandra L.
Published: April 2015

Finding a place of interest (e.g., a restaurant, hotel, or attraction) is often related to a group information need, however, the actual multiparty collaboration in such searches has not been explored, and little is known about its significance and related practices. We surveyed 100 computer science students and found that 94% (of respondents) searched for places online; 87% had done so as part of a group. Search for place by multiple active participants was experienced by 78%, with group sizes typically being 2 or 3. Search occurred in a range of settings with both desktop PCs and mobile devices. Difficulties were reported with coordinating tasks, sharing results, and making decisions. The results show that finding a place of interest is a quite different group‐based search than other multiparty information‐seeking activities. The results suggest that local search systems, their interfaces and the devices that access them can be made more usable for collaborative search if they include support for coordination, sharing of results, and decision making.
What motivates people to review articles? The case of the human‐computer interaction community
Authors: Nobarany Syavash , Booth Kellogg S. , Hsieh Gary
Published: April 2015

Recruiting qualified reviewers, though challenging, is crucial for ensuring a fair and robust scholarly peer review process. We conducted a survey of 307 reviewers of submissions to the International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2011) to gain a better understanding of their motivations for reviewing. We found that encouraging high‐quality research, giving back to the research community, and finding out about new research were the top general motivations for reviewing. We further found that relevance of the submission to a reviewer's research and relevance to the reviewer's expertise were the strongest motivations for accepting a request to review, closely followed by a number of social factors. Gender and reviewing experience significantly affected some reviewing motivations, such as the desire for learning and preparing for higher reviewing roles. We discuss implications of our findings for the design of future peer review processes and systems to support them.
Assessment of learning to rank methods for query expansion
Authors: Xu Bo , Lin Hongfei , Lin Yuan
Published: April 2015

Pseudo relevance feedback, as an effective query expansion method, can significantly improve information retrieval performance. However, the method may negatively impact the retrieval performance when some irrelevant terms are used in the expanded query. Therefore, it is necessary to refine the expansion terms. Learning to rank methods have proven effective in information retrieval to solve ranking problems by ranking the most relevant documents at the top of the returned list, but few attempts have been made to employ learning to rank methods for term refinement in pseudo relevance feedback. This article proposes a novel framework to explore the feasibility of using learning to rank to optimize pseudo relevance feedback by means of reranking the candidate expansion terms. We investigate some learning approaches to choose the candidate terms and introduce some state‐of‐the‐art learning to rank methods to refine the expansion terms. In addition, we propose two term labeling strategies and examine the usefulness of various term features to optimize the framework. Experimental results with three TREC collections show that our framework can effectively improve retrieval performance.
Ansatz von Streuungsfaktoren bei statischen und dynamischen Pfahlprobebelastungen
Authors: Moormann Christian
Published: April 2015

Bei der Ermittlung der Bemessungswerte von Pfahlwiderständen aus den Ergebnissen von statischen und dynamischen Pfahlprobebelastungen sind die Versuchs‐ bzw. Messwerte Rc;m der Pfahltragfähigkeit zunächst mittels Streuungsfaktoren ξ abzumindern und damit in charakteristische Pfahlwiderstände Rc;k umzuwandeln. Mit den Streuungsfaktoren soll der Einfluss der räumlichen Variabilität der Baugrundverhältnisse, aber auch der Unschärfen, die sich aus der Durchführung und der Auswertung der Pfahlprobebelastungen ergeben, bei der Ableitung des charakteristischen Pfahlwiderstandes aus den Messwerten einer einzelnen oder einer begrenzten Anzahl von Probebelastungen berücksichtigt werden. Eine bewertende Analyse zeigt, dass die im Handbuch Eurocode 7, Band 1, enthaltenen Regelungen zur Ermittlung der Streuungsfaktoren insbesondere im Hinblick auf die alleinige Abhängigkeit der Streuungsfaktoren von der Anzahl der durchgeführten Probebelastungen Schwächen aufweisen. Diesbezüglich werden Ansätze für eine Fortschreibung der Regelungen erörtert. Darüber hinaus wird ein Vorschlag für den Ansatz reduzierter ξ‐Werte für den Sonderfall, dass an allen Pfählen einer Pfahlgründung eine dynamische Probebelastung ausgeführt wird (“n = n”), vorgestellt.

Approach to the correlation factors for static and dynamic pile load tests

In determining the design values of a pile resistance from the results of static and dynamic pile load testing the measured values Rc;m of the pile capacity have to be initially mitigated by correlation factors ξ to derive the characteristic pile resistance Rc;k. With the correlations factors the influence of the spatial variability of the subsoil, but also of the uncertainties arising from the execution and evaluation of the pile load tests on the derivation of the characteristic pile resistance from the measured values of a single or limited number of test loads is taken into account. An analysis of the existing approach implemented in handbook Eurocode 7, Volume 1, indicates shortcomings particularly with respect to the sole dependency of the correlation factors on the number of performed load tests. In this regard approaches for an evolution of the present regulations are discussed. In addition, a proposal for reduced ξ‐values for the special case that dynamic load tests are executed at all piles of a pile foundation (“n = n”) is presented.
Neue Biegeschlankheitsdiagramme für Platten und Kragplatten nach EC2
Authors: Göttlich Peter , Fleckenstein Dirk
Published: April 2015

Auf der Grundlage von [1, 2] wurden neue, sehr kompakte Biegeschlankheitsdiagramme jeweils für Einfeld‐ bzw. Durchlaufplatten und Kragplatten entwickelt. Die aus den Diagrammen ablesbare Biegeschlankheit gibt einen Richtwert vor, nach welchem ein Bauteil zu bemessen ist, damit der indirekte Nachweis der Verformung gemäß [3, 4] erfolgen kann. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden diese Diagramme vorgestellt und ihre einfache Anwendung beispielhaft dargestellt.

New span to depth ratio diagrams for plates and cantilever plates according to EC2

Efficient span‐to‐depth ratio diagrams, based on [1, 2], have been developed for simply supported, continuous, and cantilever plates. The values of the diagrams provide key parameters that can be used to analyze the plate elements and to complete indirect checks for deflection according to [3, 4]. The following article presents the diagrams and examples of how they can be used.
Hinweise zur Bemessung von Stahlkonsolen
Authors: Heidolf Thorsten , Schlegel Roger
Published: April 2015

An Stahlbetonkonstruktionen angeschraubte Stahlkonsolen stellen eine sofort belastbare Alternative zu Stahlbetonkonsolen dar, wobei der Schalungs‐ und ggf. Transportaufwand der Stahlbetonkonstruktion deutlich reduziert wird. Im Vergleich zu Stahlbetonkonsolen zeichnen sich die Stahlkonsolen im Allgemeinen durch signifikant geringere Abmessungen bzw. durch bis zu dreimal höhere Tragfähigkeiten aus.

Die Bemessung derartiger Konstruktionen ist aufwendiger, da die verschiedenen Bauteile und deren Verbindungen nachzuweisen sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Hinweise insbesondere zu ausgewählten Nachweisen der Steg‐ und Gurtplatte gegeben und die getroffenen Annahmen mithilfe von FE‐Berechnungen verifiziert. Mit den vorgestellten Berechnungsmethoden können plastische Tragreserven genutzt und somit die Konstruktion wirtschaftlicher ausgelegt werden.

Notes on the design of steel corbels

To reinforced concrete structures bolted steel corbels are an alternative to reinforced concrete corbels. The formwork and any transportation costs of the reinforced concrete structure is thereby significantly reduced. Steel corbels are generally much smaller than reinforced concrete corbels or have up to three times higher load capacities.

The design of such structures is, however, more complex. The different components and their connections are to be designed. In this paper notes are given to selected evidence of the web and flange plate. The assumptions made are verified by FE calculations. With the presented calculation methods plastic reserves can be used and hence the construction can be designed more efficiently.
Vereinfachung der Regeln zur Beschränkung der Verformungen nach EC2
Authors: Prietz Frank , Richtsteig Uwe
Published: April 2015

Eurocode 2 ermöglicht die Begrenzung der Verformungen auf zwei Wegen: einem Nachweis ohne und einem Nachweis mit direkter Berechnung der Verformungen. Beide Nachweise sind für den in der Praxis tätigen Ingenieur nicht zufriedenstellend.

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt einen Neuvorschlag für einen vereinfachten Nachweis der Verformungsbegrenzung vor, mit dem die erforderliche statische Höhe direkt berechnet werden kann. Ein Umweg über die Biegeschlankheit ist nicht mehr erforderlich.

Simplified rules for deflection control according to EC2 – Proposal for slabs in buildings

EC2 offers two methods for the control of deflections: one without and one with calculating the deflections. Both are not satisfying for the day‐to‐day work of the practising engineers. In this contribution a proposal for a simplified deflection control is made which provides a direct calculation of the required depth.
Zur Dauerhaftigkeit von befahrenen Parkdecks in Regelwerken
Authors: Wiens Udo , Meyer Lars , Raupach Michael
Published: April 2015

Innerhalb der beim DAfStb eingerichteten Ad‐hoc‐Gruppe “Dauerhaftigkeit von befahrenen Parkdecks” wurde vereinbart, eine Gesamtsystematik zu den Regelungen für die Dauerhaftigkeit von befahrenen Verkehrsflächen zu entwickeln, die aus einer Normenvorlage und aus Erläuterungen für das Heft 600 sowie Ausführungen für das DBV‐Merkblatt “Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen” bestehen. Der Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse der insgesamt vier Sitzungen der Ad‐hoc‐Gruppe zusammen, die im Laufe des Jahres 2015 veröffentlicht werden sollen.
pH‐responsive fluorescence chemical sensor constituted by conjugated polymers containing pyridine rings
Authors: Adachi Naoya , Kaneko Yuki , Sekiguchi Kazuki , Sugiyama Hiroki , Sugeno Masafumi
Published: April 2015

Poly(p‐pyridinium phenylene ethynylene)s (PPyPE) functionalized with alternating donor–acceptor repeat units were synthesized by a Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction between diethynyl monomer and di‐iodopyridine for use as a pH‐responsive fluorescence chemical sensor. The synthesized PPyPE, containing pyridine units, was characterized by FT‐IR, 1H and 13C NMR, UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. We investigated the relationship between changes of optical properties and protonation/deprotonation of PPyPE containing pyridine units in solution. Addition of HCl decreased and red‐shifted the fluorescence intensity of the conjugated polymers that contained pyridine rings; fluorescence intensity of the polymers increased upon addition of NaOH solution. The synthesized PPyPE was found to be an effective and reusable chemical sensor for pH sensing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectroscopic study on the interaction of bovine serum albumin with zinc(II) phthalocyanine
Authors: Li Yejing , Wang Yi , Wang Ao , Lu Shan , Zhou Lin , Zhou Jiahong , Lin Yun , Wei Shaohua
Published: April 2015

The interaction between the photosensitive antitumour drug, 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)‐tetra‐(((2‐aminoethylamino)methyl)phenoxy)phthalocyaninato‐zinc(II) (ZnPc) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been investigated using various spectroscopic methods. This work may provide some useful information for understanding the interaction mechanism of anticancer drug–albumin binding and gain insight into the biological activity and metabolism of the drug in blood. Based on analysis of the fluorescence spectra, ZnPc could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA and the quenching mechanism was static by forming a ground state complex. Meanwhile, the Stern–Volmer quenching constant (KSV), binding constant (Kb), number of binding sites (n) and thermodynamic parameters were obtained. Results showed that the interaction of ZnPc with BSA occurred spontaneously via hydrogen bond and van der Waal's force. According to Foster's non‐radioactive energy transfer theory, the energy transfer from BSA to ZnPc occurred with high possibility. Synchronous fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra also demonstrated that ZnPc induced the secondary structure of and conformation changes in BSA, especially α helix. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer in the distal rectum followed by organ-sparing transanal endoscopic microsurgery (CARTS study)
Authors: Verseveld M , de Graaf E J R , Verhoef C , van Meerten E , Punt C J A , de Hingh I H J T , Nagtegaal I D , Nuyttens J J M E , Marijnen C A M , de Wilt J H W , Tanis P J , Bökkerink G M J , Rütten H , Doornebosch P G , Derksen E J , Dwarkasing R S , Cats A , M Tollenaar R A E , Rutten H J T , Leijtens J W A , van der Schelling G P , ten Tije A J , Lammering G , Beets G L , Aufenacker T J , Pronk A , Manusama E R , Hoff C , Bremers A J A
Published: April 2015

Background

This prospective multicentre study was performed to quantify the number of patients with minimal residual disease (ypT0–1) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for rectal cancer.

Methods

Patients with clinically staged T1–3 N0 distal rectal cancer were treated with long-course chemoradiotherapy. Clinical response was evaluated 6–8 weeks later and TEM performed. Total mesorectal excision was advocated in patients with residual disease (ypT2 or more).

Results

The clinical stage was cT1 N0 in ten patients, cT2 N0 in 29 and cT3 N0 in 16 patients. Chemoradiotherapy-related complications of at least grade 3 occurred in 23 of 55 patients, with two deaths from toxicity, and two patients did not have TEM or major surgery. Among 47 patients who had TEM, ypT0–1 disease was found in 30, ypT0 N1 in one, ypT2 in 15 and ypT3 in one. Local recurrence developed in three of the nine patients with ypT2 tumours who declined further surgery. Postoperative complications grade I–IIIb occurred in 13 of 47 patients after TEM and in five of 12 after (completion) surgery. After a median follow-up of 17 months, four local recurrences had developed overall, three in patients with ypT2 and one with ypT1 disease.

Conclusion

TEM after chemoradiotherapy enabled organ preservation in one-half of the patients with rectal cancer.
Anatomical versus non-anatomical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Marubashi S , Gotoh K , Akita H , Takahashi H , Ito Y , Yano M , Ishikawa O , Sakon M
Published: April 2015

Background

The optimal surgical resection method in patients with HCC to minimize the risk of local recurrence has not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to compare the prognosis following anatomical versus non-anatomical hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Consecutive patients with HCC without macroscopic vascular invasion, treated by curative resection between 1981 and 2012 at Osaka Medical Centre, were included in this retrospective study. The outcomes of patients selected by propensity score matching were compared.

Results

Some 1102 patients were included, 577 in the anatomical and 525 in the non-anatomical resection group. By propensity score matching, 329 patients were selected into each group. Demographic, preoperative and tumour variables were similar between the propensity score-matched groups, including tumour size, tumour multiplicity, α-fetoprotein level and 15-min indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min. The incidence of microvascular invasion was higher in the matched anatomical resection group (P = 0·048). Stratified analysis of recurrence-free and overall survival rates revealed no statistically significant differences between the two propensity score-matched groups (P = 0·704 and P = 0·381 respectively). There was also no significant difference in the early recurrence rate within 2 years after resection between these groups (P = 0·726). Subset analysis of the early recurrence-free survival rate in patients with and without microvascular invasion revealed no significant differences between the groups (P = 0·312 and P = 0·479 respectively).

Conclusion

The resection method had no impact on the risk of HCC recurrence or survival.
Affordable and rapid HPTLC method for the simultaneous analysis of artemisinin and its metabolite artemisinic acid in Artemisia annua L.
Authors: Khan Shazia , Ali Athar , Ahmad Shahzad , Abdin Malik Zainul
Published: April 2015

Artemisinin (AN) and artemisinic acid (AA), valuable phyto‐pharmaceutical molecules, are well known anti‐malarials, but their activities against diseases like cancer, schistosomiasis, HIV, hepatitis‐B and leishmaniasis are also being reported. For the simultaneous estimation of AN and AA in the callus and leaf extracts of A. annua L. plants, we embarked upon a simple, rapid, selective, reliable and fairly economical high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. Experimental conditions such as band size, chamber saturation time, migration of solvent front and slit width were critically studied and the optimum conditions were selected. The separations were achieved using toluene–ethyl acetate, 9:1 (v/v) as mobile phase on pre‐coated silica gel plates, G 60F254. Good resolution was achieved with Rf values of 0.35 ± 0.02 and 0.26 ± 0.02 at 536 nm for AN and 626 nm for AA, respectively, in absorption–reflectance mode. The method displayed a linear relationship with r2 value 0.992 and 0.994 for AN and AA, respectively, in the concentration range of 300–1500 ng for AN and 200–1000 ng for AA. The method was validated for specificity by obtaining in‐situ UV overlay spectra and sensitivity by estimating limit of detection (30 ng for AN and 15 ng for AA) and limit of quantitation (80 ng for AN and 45 ng for AA) values. The accuracy was checked by the recovery studies conducted at three different levels with the known concentrations and the average percentage recovery was 101.99% for AN and 103.84% for AA. The precision was analyzed by interday and intraday precision and was 1.09 and 1.00% RSD for AN and 1.22 and 6.05% RSD for AA. The analysis of statistical data substantiates that this HPTLC method can be used for the simultaneous estimation of AN and AA in biological samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond the Academic Journal: Unfreezing Misconceptions About Mental Illness and Gun Violence Through Knowledge Translation to Decision‐Makers
Authors: Horwitz Joshua , Grilley Anna , Kennedy Orla
Published: April 2015

In a policy arena characterized by polarized debate, such as the consideration of legal interventions to prevent gun violence, research evidence is an important tool to inform decision‐making processes. However, unless the evidence is communicated to stakeholders who can influence policy decisions, the research will often remain an academic exercise with little practical impact. The Educational Fund to Stop Violence's process of “unfreezing” individual perceptions and conventional interpretations of the relationship between mental illness and gun violence, forming a consensus, and translating this knowledge to stakeholders through state discussion forums is one way to inform policy change. The recent passage of gun violence prevention legislation in California provides an example of successfully closing the knowledge translation gap between research and decision‐making processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computed tomography‐guided in vivo cardiac orientation and correlation with ECG in individuals without structural heart disease and in age‐matched obese and older individuals
Authors: Sathananthan Gnalini , Aggarwal Gunjan , Zahid Simmi , Byth Karen , Chik William , Friedman Daniel , Thiagalingam Aravinda
Published: April 2015

The cardiac axis in a structurally normal heart is influenced by a number of factors. We investigated the anatomical and electrical cardiac axes in middle‐aged individuals without structural heart disease and compared this with age‐matched obese and older individuals without structural heart disease. A retrospective study of controls included those between 30 and 60 years old with a normal body mass index (BMI), who were then compared with obese individuals between 30 and 60 years old and with individuals more than 60 years old with a normal BMI. The anatomical cardiac axis was determined along the long axis by cardiac computed tomography (CT) and correlated with the electrical cardiac axis on a surface electrocardiogram (ECG) in the frontal plane. A total of 124 patients were included. In the controls (n = 59), the mean CT axis was 38.1° ± 7.8° whilst the mean ECG axis was 51.8° ± 26.6°, Pearson r value 0.12 (P = 0.365). In the obese (n = 36), the mean CT axis was 25.1° ± 6.2° whilst the mean ECG axis was 20.1° ± 23.9°, Pearson r value 0.05 (P = 0.808). In the older group (n = 29), the mean CT axis was 34.4° ± 9.1° whilst the mean ECG axis was 34.4° ± 30.3°, Pearson r value 0.26 (P = 0.209). Obese individuals have a more leftward rotation of both axes than age‐matched normals (P <0.0001), which could be secondary to elevation of the diaphragm. Older individuals have a more leftward rotation only of their electrical cardiac axis (P = 0.01), which could be a normal variant or reflect underlying conduction disturbances in this age group. Clin. Anat. 28:487–493, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zuckerkandl's tubercle of the thyroid gland: Its location in the anatomical position, and comparative morphology of the same specimens before and after fixation
Authors: Won Hyung‐Sun , Liu Hong‐Fu , Kim Jun‐Ho , Lee Sohee , Chung In‐Hyuk , Kim In‐Beom
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to elucidate the definition of the borders and surface of the thyroid lobe in the anatomical position, and to compare the morphology of Zuckerkandl's tubercle (ZT) in the fresh and fixed states. One hundred thyroid lobes from 50 fresh Korean cadavers were used. The lateral border of the thyroid lobe could be defined as the most lateral margin of its anterior aspect when in the anatomical position. The posteromedial border was the margin that projected toward the trachea or tracheoesophageal groove. The lateral and posteromedial borders, and the posterior surface between these borders, could be identified in most of the fixed cadavers. The posterolateral border could only be identified in the thyroid lobe if there was compression by the internal carotid artery in cross‐sectioned specimens and CT images. The ZT was identifiable in 85% of both fresh and fixed specimens. It was identified mainly at the posteromedial border of the thyroid lobe when in the anatomical position, and extended to the tracheoesophageal groove or esophagus. In the fresh state, the ZT projected as a rounded cone with a usually semicircular base, but its shape was very variable in the fixed state. In the present study, the ZT was found at the posteromedial border or posterior surface of the thyroid lobe in both the fresh and fixed states, contrary to most previous reports. The location of the ZT should be established in the anatomical position to avoid confusion. Clin. Anat. 28:472–476, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A total population‐based cohort study of female psychiatric inpatients who have served a prison sentence
Authors: Steingrimsson Steinn , Sigurdsson Martin I. , Gudmundsdottir Hafdis , Aspelund Thor , Magnusson Andres
Published: April 2015

Background

Studies of the overlap between severe mental disorder and criminality tend to focus on prison populations rather than psychiatric populations.

Aims

Our aims were to establish the prevalence of previous imprisonment among female psychiatric inpatients and test relationships between diagnoses, mortality and imprisonment.

Methods

A nationwide cohort of 18–65‐year‐old women who had been hospitalised for psychiatric disorder between January 1983 and March 2008 was identified from a hospital records database and linked to the database of the Prison and Probation Administration of Iceland as well as the National Register of causes of death at Statistics Iceland from January 1985.

Results

Six thousand and ninety‐four women had had at least one psychiatric hospitalisation, 102 of them had been imprisoned on 172 occasions between them, giving an imprisonment rate of 118 per 100,000 over the 24 year period of study. The crude imprisonment proportion was 1.7% during a 20‐year follow‐up period; it was at its peak (5%) among 18–30 year‐olds at index admission. Substance use and personality disorders were the most common diagnoses associated with imprisonment. Mortality rates were not statistically different between those imprisoned and not (hazard ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval 0.5–3.5).

Conclusion and implications for practice

Women admitted to a psychiatric hospital have higher rates of imprisonment than the general population. Because admission predated imprisonment in most cases, this may be seen as an opportunity for early intervention to reduce later criminality. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships of diet‐related blood parameters and blood lead levels with psychopathology and aggression in forensic psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Zaalberg Ap , Wielders Jos , Bulten Erik , van der Staak Cees , Wouters Anouk , Nijman Henk
Published: April 2015

Background

Earlier studies have suggested associations between diet‐related blood parameters and both aggression and psychopathological symptoms, but little is known about this in forensic psychiatric inpatients.

Aim

This article aims to explore the levels of diet‐related blood parameters and their relationship to aggressive behaviour and/or psychopathology among Dutch forensic psychiatric inpatients.

Methods

Minerals, vitamins, lead and fatty acid levels were measured in blood samples from 51 inpatients, well enough to consent and participate in the study, from a possible total of 99. Levels of aggression and psychopathology were assessed using questionnaires, observation instruments and clinical data. Associations between blood parameters and behavioural measures were calculated.

Results

Low average levels of vitamin D3 and omega (ω)‐3 fatty acids were found, with nearly two‐thirds of the patients having below recommended levels of D3, while vitamin B6 levels were high. Magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and lead were overall within reference values, but copper/zinc ratios were high. Several significant associations between levels of fatty acid measures and both aggression and psychopathology were observed.

Conclusion

In our sample of forensic psychiatric inpatients, fatty acids – but not mineral or vitamin levels – were associated with aggression and psychopathology. A potentially causal link between fatty acids and aggression could be tested in a randomised, placebo‐controlled trial of fish oil supplements. General health of such patients might be improved by better vitamin D status (increased sun exposure and/or supplement use) and better ω‐3 fatty acid status (oily fish or fish oil consumption), but discouraging unnecessary self‐prescription of B vitamins where necessary. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A bifactorial solution to the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version in a sample of civil psychiatric patients
Authors: Boduszek Daniel , Dhingra Katie , Hyland Philip , Debowska Agata
Published: April 2015

Background

There is considerable debate about the underlying factor structure of the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV). An established view is that it reflects a unitary construct underpinned by two correlated factors. More recent research has, however, undermined this conceptualisation.

Aims

Our aim was to compare 10 competing models of the PCL: SV in a sample of civil psychiatric patients.

Method

Ten distinct factor models were specified and tested using conventional confirmatory factor analytic techniques, along with confirmatory bifactor modelling.

Results

A bifactor model, including two general factors (interpersonal–affective and antisocial–lifestyle), and four subordinate factors (interpersonal, affective, antisocial and lifestyle) provided the best fit to the data. The reliability of the conceptualisation was supported through the use of composite reliability, and the differential relationships exhibited between the general factors and measures of personality, impulsivity and mental health.

Conclusions

Our findings provide further weight to taking the two general psychopathy factors into account when interpreting the PCL: SV for clinical purposes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and procedural impact of aortic arch anatomic variants in carotid stenting procedures
Authors: Burzotta Francesco , Nerla Roberto , Pirozzolo Giancarlo , Aurigemma Cristina , Niccoli Giampaolo , Leone Antonio Maria , Saffioti Silvia , Crea Filippo , Trani Carlo
Published: April 2015

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of aortic arch variants in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS).

Background

CAS is increasingly carried out to treat the patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Aortic arch anatomy may influence its feasibility and affect clinical outcome.

Methods

Aortic arch digital subtraction angiography was systematically performed before CAS. Aortic arch elongation and bovine arch variants were recorded. Catheter manipulation time (CMT) was assessed for each patient. Adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events were assessed at 30 days.

Results

A total of 282 consecutive patients undergoing CAS under proximal balloon occlusion (57.8%) or distal filter (42.2%) neuroprotection were enrolled (age, 72 ± 7 years; 72.7% males). Type II and III elongation variants were detected in 23.4% and 10.6% of patients, respectively; in total, 20.5% of the patients had bovine configuration. CMT was significantly influenced by aortic elongation (56.1 ± 16.5 min in patients with type III aortic arch configuration compared to 38.2 ± 11.6 min in patients with type I or type II, P < 0.01) and (in left ICA) by bovine configuration (49.2 ± 11.4 min in bovine variants vs. 37.7 ± 11.5 min in patients with nonbovine anatomy, P < 0.001). CMT, but not aortic arch anatomy, resulted the only independent predictor of 30‐day adverse outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.10, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Adverse aortic arch anatomies are frequently encountered in CAS procedures and are associated to longer procedural times. A longer CMT increases the risk for adverse outcome. These data suggest that a careful procedure planning aimed at a reduction of CMT may be pivotal to improve the safety of CAS procedures. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatic portal venous gas
Authors: Soon Wai Cheong , Liu Kevin Yifei , Blunt Dominic
Published: April 2015

Key Clinical Message

Differentiating hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) and pneumobilia on the CT scan can be accomplished by comparing the pattern of intrahepatic air spread. HPVG can be an indicator of significant intra‐abdominal pathology and bowel ischaemia is the most common causative etiology for HPVG.
A Platinum Highly Concave Cube with one Leg on each Vertex as an Advanced Nanocatalyst for Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Lai Jianping , Niu Wenxin , Qi Wenjing , Zhao Jianming , Li Suping , Gao Wenyue , Luque Rafael , Xu Guobao
Published: April 2015

The front cover artwork for Issue 07/2015 is provided by a collaboration of groups at State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain. The image shows the structure of a Pt highly concave cube with one leg on each vertex and its electrocatalytic applications in electrochemiluminescence and alcohol oxidation. See the Communication itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201403042.
Effect of Gravity on the Hydrodynamics in an Unbaffled Stirred Vessel
Authors: Yang Feng L. , Zhou Shen J.
Published: April 2015

The hydrodynamics in an unbaffled stirred vessel were simulated in order to highlight the effect of gravity on pressure and velocity distributions. Two fluids with different viscosity were studied for the laminar and turbulent flow regimes, respectively. The simulation results were compared with experimental data from the literature. Results indicate that for the higher‐viscosity fluid, gravity only affects static pressure and that the effects of gravity on velocity and dynamic pressure are negligible. For the lower‐viscosity fluid, however, gravity imposes a pronounced impact on static pressure, dynamic pressure, velocity, and turbulent kinetic energy. These findings indicate that careful consideration is necessary for the role that gravity plays in the study of free‐surface hydrodynamics in unbaffled stirred vessels.
Pincer‐Type Platinum(II) Complexes Containing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligand: Structures, Photophysical and Anion‐Binding Properties, and Anticancer Activities
Authors: Li Kai , Zou Taotao , Chen Yong , Guan Xiangguo , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: April 2015

Two classes of pincer‐type PtII complexes containing tridentate N‐donor ligands (1–8) or C‐deprotonated N^C^N ligands derived from 1,3‐di(2‐pyridyl)benzene (10–13) and auxiliary N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand were synthesized. [Pt(trpy)(NHC)]2+ complexes 1–5 display green phosphorescence in CH2Cl2 (Φ: 1.1–5.3 %; τ: 0.3–1.0 μs) at room temperature. Moderate‐to‐intense emissions are observed for 1–7 in glassy solutions at 77 K and for 1–6 in the solid state. The [Pt(N^C^N)(NHC)]+ complexes 10–13 display strong green phosphorescence with quantum yields up to 65 % in CHCl3. The reactions of 1 with a wide variety of anions were examined in various solvents. The tridentate N‐donor ligand of 1 undergoes displacement reaction with CN− in protic solvents. Similar displacement of the N^C^N ligand by CN− has been observed for 10, leading to a luminescence “switch‐off” response. The water‐soluble 7 containing anthracenyl‐functionalized NHC ligand acts as a light “switch‐on” sensor for the detection of CN− ion with high selectivity. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the PtII complexes towards HeLa cells has been evaluated. Complex 12 showed high cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 0.46 μM, whereas 1–4 and 6–8 are less cytotoxic. The cellular localization of the strongly luminescent complex 12 traced by using emission microscopy revealed that it mainly localizes in the cytoplasmic structures rather than in the nucleus. This complex can induce mitochondria dysfunction and subsequent cell death.
Soft Template Strategy to Synthesize Iron Oxide–Titania Yolk–Shell Nanoparticles as High‐Performance Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Lim Joohyun , Um Ji Hyun , Ahn Jihoon , Yu Seung‐Ho , Sung Yung‐Eun , Lee Jin‐Kyu
Published: April 2015

Yolk–shell‐structured nanoparticles with iron oxide core, void, and a titania shell configuration are prepared by a simple soft template method and used as the anode material for lithium ion batteries. The iron oxide–titania yolk–shell nanoparticles (IO@void@TNPs) exhibit a higher and more stable capacity than simply mixed nanoparticles of iron oxide and hollow titania because of the unique structure obtained by the perfect separation between iron oxide nanoparticles, in combination with the adequate internal void space provided by stable titania shells. Moreover, the structural effect of IO@void@TNPs clearly demonstrates that the capacity retention value after 50 cycles is approximately 4 times that for IONPs under harsh operating conditions, that is, when the temperature is increased to 80 °C.
Multiple‐Stimulus‐Responsive Supramolecular Gels and Regulation of Chiral Twists: The Effect of Spacer Length
Authors: Miao Wangen , Yang Dong , Liu Minghua
Published: April 2015

A new class of homologous gelators, LG12‐(CH2)n‐BSA, composed of bipyridinyl groups, L‐glutamic moieties having double dodecyl chains, and linked alkyl spacers with different lengths were synthesized. It was found that these gelators could immobilize medium‐polarity solvents readily and the behaviors of these gels showed a dependence on the spacer length. Of all the gels, the LG12‐(CH2)11‐BSA gels exhibited self‐healing property and multiple‐stimulus responsibility, such as heating, shaking, and sonication. The investigation of CD spectra indicated that the supramolecular chirality, which was attributed to the chiral transfer from the chiral center to the assemblies, was also closely related to the length of methylene spacers. The longer the alkyl spacers, the weaker the transmitted supramolecular chirality. Only LG12‐(CH2)1‐BSA gelators, which had the shortest spacers, formed right‐handed nanoscale chiral twists owing to crowded hydrogen bonding interactions. Moreover, the high‐polarity solvent DMF was found to be able to regulate the chiral twist as well as its pitch length readily.
“(Diphosphine)Nickel”‐Catalyzed Negishi Cross‐Coupling: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Nicolas Emmanuel , Ohleier Alexia , D'Accriscio Florian , Pécharman Anne‐Frédérique , Demange Matthieu , Ribagnac Philippe , Ballester Jorge , Gosmini Corinne , Mézailles Nicolas
Published: April 2015

The use of a strongly donating “(bis‐dialkylphosphine)Ni” fragment promotes the catalytic coupling of a large range of ArCl and ArZnCl derivatives under mild conditions. Stoichiometric mechanistic investigations and DFT calculations prove that a Ni0/NiII cycle is operative in this system.
Synthetic Active Site Model of the [NiFeSe] Hydrogenase
Authors: Wombwell Claire , Reisner Erwin
Published: April 2015

A dinuclear synthetic model of the [NiFeSe] hydrogenase active site and a structural, spectroscopic and electrochemical analysis of this complex is reported. [NiFe(‘S2Se2’)(CO)3] (H2‘S2Se2’=1,2‐bis(2‐thiabutyl‐3,3‐dimethyl‐4‐selenol)benzene) has been synthesized by reacting the nickel selenolate complex [Ni(‘S2Se2’)] with [Fe(CO)3bda] (bda=benzylideneacetone). X‐ray crystal structure analysis confirms that [NiFe(‘S2Se2’)(CO)3] mimics the key structural features of the enzyme active site, including a doubly bridged heterobimetallic nickel and iron center with a selenolate terminally coordinated to the nickel center. Comparison of [NiFe(‘S2Se2’)(CO)3] with the previously reported thiolate analogue [NiFe(‘S4’)(CO)3] (H2‘S4’=H2xbsms=1,2‐bis(4‐mercapto‐3,3‐dimethyl‐2‐thiabutyl)benzene) showed that the selenolate groups in [NiFe(‘S2Se2’)(CO)3] give lower carbonyl stretching frequencies in the IR spectrum. Electrochemical studies of [NiFe(‘S2Se2’)(CO)3] and [NiFe(‘S4’)(CO)3] demonstrated that both complexes do not operate as homogenous H2 evolution catalysts, but are precursors to a solid deposit on an electrode surface for H2 evolution catalysis in organic and aqueous solution.
Rational Design and Application of a Redox‐Active, Photoresponsive, Discrete Metallogelator
Authors: Afrasiabi Rouzbeh , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard
Published: April 2015

A photoresponsive discrete metallogelator was rationally designed by incorporating a photochromic azobenzene subunit in the structure of a redox‐active ferrocene–peptide conjugate. The target molecule was purposefully equipped with a dipeptide unit capable of self‐assembly in response to sonication. The designed molecule was shown to undergo supramolecular self‐assembly and achieve organogelation in response to ultrasound, light, heat, and redox signals. The sol–gel phase transition of the designed gelator was found to be sensitive to a plethora of input stimuli, allowing the application of the sol–gel transition behavior in basic logic gate operations. A gel‐based NOT logic gate operation was realized when the redox‐active property of the organogel was examined by using different oxidizing agents. The smart response of the gelator was further exploited in designing XOR operations under oxidizing or non‐oxidizing conditions.
Fine‐Tuning of Single‐Molecule Conductance by Tweaking Both Electronic Structure and Conformation of Side Substituents
Authors: Aragonès Albert C. , Darwish Nadim , Im JongOne , Lim Boram , Choi Jeongae , Koo Sangho , Díez‐Pérez Ismael
Published: April 2015

Herein, we describe a method to fine‐tune the conductivity of single‐molecule wires by employing a combination of chemical composition and geometrical modifications of multiple phenyl side groups as conductance modulators embedded along the main axis of the electronic pathway. We have measured the single‐molecule conductivity of a novel series of phenyl‐substituted carotenoid wires whose conductivity can be tuned with high precision over an order of magnitude range by modulating both the electron‐donating character of the phenyl substituent and its dihedral angle. It is demonstrated that the electronic communication between the phenyl side groups and the molecular wire is maximized when the phenyl groups are twisted closer to the plane of the conjugated molecular wire. These findings can be refined to a general technique for precisely tuning the conductivity of molecular wires.
ChemInform Abstract: BaMn9[VO4]6(OH)2: A Unique Canted Antiferromagnet with a Chiral “Paddle‐Wheel” Structural Feature.
Authors: Sun Kewen , Litvinchuk Alexander P. , Tapp Joshua , Lorenz Bernd , Moeller Angela
Published: April 2015

Dark‐red crystals of the title compound are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of MnCl2, NH4VO3, Ba(OAc)2, and LiCl (autoclave, 220 °C, 3—4 d, 55% yield).