bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the feeding frequency to maximize the production of sterile males in tsetse mass-rearing colonies
Authors: Pagabeleguem Soumaïla , Toé Ange Irénée , Pooda Sié Hermann , Dera Kiswendsida Mikhailou , Belem Abdou Salam , Belem Adrien Marie Gaston , Ouedraogo/Sanou Gisèle Marie Sophie , Ira Mamadou , Kaboré Bénéwendé Aristide , Percoma Lassané , Sidibé Issa
Published: January 2021

Tsetse flies are cyclical vectors of trypanosomes, the causative agents of sleeping sickness or Human African Trypanosomosis and nagana or African Animal Trypanosomosis in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso (IBD) was created and equipped in the frame of Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC) with the main goal to provide sterile males for the different eradication programs in West Africa which is already the case with the ongoing eradication program in Senegal. The aim of this study was to identify the best feeding regime in mass-rearing colonies of Glossina palpalis gambiensis to optimize the yield of sterile males. We investigated the mortality and fecundity for various feeding regimes and day alternation (3×: Monday-Wednesday-Friday, 4×: Monday-Wednesday-Friday-Saturday, 4×: Monday-Wednesday-Thursday-Friday and 6×: all days except Sunday) on adult tsetse flies in routine rearing over 60 days after emergence. The day alternation in the 4 blood meals per week (feeding regimes 2 and 3) had no effect on tsetse fly mortality and fecundity. The best feeding regime was the regime of 4 blood meals per week which resulted in higher significant fecundity (PPIF = 2.5; P = 0.003) combined with lower mortality of females (P = 0.0003) than the 3 blood meals per week (PPIF = 2.0) and in similar fecundity (PPIF = 2.6; P = 0.70) and mortality (P = 0.51) than the 6 blood meals per week. This feeding regime was extended to the whole colonies, resulting in an improved yield of sterile males for the ongoing eradication program in Senegal and would be more cost-effective for the implementation of the next-coming sterile insect technique (SIT) programs in West Africa.
A novel mode of control of nickel uptake by a multifunctional metallochaperone
Authors: Denic Milica , Turlin Evelyne , Michel Valérie , Fischer Frédéric , Khorasani-Motlagh Mozhgan , Zamble Deborah , Vinella Daniel , de Reuse Hilde
Published: January 2021

Cellular metal homeostasis is a critical process for all organisms, requiring tight regulation. In the major pathogen Helicobacter pylori, the acquisition of nickel is an essential virulence determinant as this metal is a cofactor for the acid-resistance enzyme, urease. Nickel uptake relies on the NixA permease and the NiuBDE ABC transporter. Till now, bacterial metal transporters were reported to be controlled at their transcriptional level. Here we uncovered post-translational regulation of the essential Niu transporter in H. pylori. Indeed, we demonstrate that SlyD, a protein combining peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase), chaperone, and metal-binding properties, is required for the activity of the Niu transporter. Using two-hybrid assays, we found that SlyD directly interacts with the NiuD permease subunit and identified a motif critical for this contact. Mutants of the different SlyD functional domains were constructed and used to perform in vitro PPIase activity assays and four different in vivo tests measuring nickel intracellular accumulation or transport in H. pylori. In vitro, SlyD PPIase activity is down-regulated by nickel, independently of its C-terminal region reported to bind metals. In vivo, a role of SlyD PPIase function was only revealed upon exposure to high nickel concentrations. Most importantly, the IF chaperone domain of SlyD was shown to be mandatory for Niu activation under all in vivo conditions. These data suggest that SlyD is required for the active functional conformation of the Niu permease and regulates its activity through a novel mechanism implying direct protein interaction, thereby acting as a gatekeeper of nickel uptake. Finally, in agreement with a central role of SlyD, this protein is essential for the colonization of the mouse model by H. pylori.
Departures and Arrivals: Women, Mobility and Travel Writing. Introduction
Authors: García-Cuevas García Raquel
Published: January 2021

Departures and Arrivals: Women, Mobility and Travel Writing. Introduction
Appeals to the Past in the Politics of «the Islamic State Caliphate»
Authors: Golunov S.V.
Published: January 2021

The paper focuses on the historical discourse produced by the “Caliphate of the Islamic State,” a quasi-state that existed from 2014 to 2017 and was created by a terrorist group (it was not recognized by any country in the world; in 2014 the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation banned its activities in Russia). Particular attention is paid to the ways, in which ideologists of the "caliphate" utilized their appeals to the early Islamic historical past in the processes of state-building, constructing “the hostile Other”, and shaping territorial identity of the quasi-state. Such appeals were employed to construct an ideal order to be strictly followed, to legitimize the dominant role the Islamic State’s ideologists as interpreters of this order and to mobilize one’s own group against “the hostile Other”. In the process of constructing the “ideal caliphate” of the past, ideologists took out of historical contexts both various features of those governmental systems that existed in different periods and markedly confrontational archaic practices of medieval Muslim states’ relations with the outside world.
Gender-Specific Factors Influencing Gastroenterologists to Pursue Careers in Advanced Endoscopy: Perceptions vs Reality
Authors: David Yakira N. , Dixon Rebekah E. , Kakked Gaurav , Rabinowitz Loren G. , Grinspan Lauren T. , Anandasabapathy Sharmila , Greenwald David A. , Kim Michelle K. , Sethi Amrita , Kumta Nikhil A.
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:

In 2020, only 19% of 63 matched advanced endoscopy (AE) fellows were women. This study evaluates the gender-specific factors that influence gastroenterologists to pursue careers in AE.

METHODS:

An anonymous survey was distributed to gastroenterology fellows and attendings through various gastroenterology society online forums. Data were collected on demographics, training, mentorship, current practice, family planning, and career satisfaction.

RESULTS:

Women comprised 71.1% of the 332 respondents. 24.7% of female fellows plan to pursue an AE career compared with 37.5% of male fellows (P = 0.195). The main motivating factor for both genders was interest in the subject area. Interest in another subspecialty was the main deterring factor for both genders. Women were more deterred by absence of same-sex mentors (P < 0.001), perception of gender-based bias in the workplace (P = 0.009), family planning (P = 0.018), fertility/pregnancy risks from radiation (P < 0.001), and lack of ergonomic equipment (P = 0.003). AE gastroenterologists of both genders were satisfied with their career decision and would recommend the field to any fellow. Most respondents (64%) believed that more female role models/mentors would improve representation of women in AE.

DISCUSSION:

There are multiple gender-specific factors that deter women from pursuing AE. Increasing the number of female role models is strongly perceived to improve representation of women in AE. Most AE attendings are satisfied with their career and would recommend it to fellows of any gender. Thus, early targeted mentorship of female trainees has potential to improve recruitment of women to the field.
Gender Disparities in Food Security, Dietary Intake, and Nutritional Health in the United States
Authors: Ma Christopher , Ho Stephanie K.M. , Singh Siddharth , Choi May Y.
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Food insecurity is associated with negative nutritional outcomes and is experienced differently by women vs men. We evaluated the effects of gender on food insecurity and dietary intake in the United States.

METHODS:

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2016) were analyzed. Survey-weighted linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate predictors of food security and the effect of food security on dietary consumption and body anthropometrics. Gender was modeled as a covariable and as an effect modifier.

RESULTS:

A total of 30,251 respondents were included. Approximately 15.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.1%–16.1%) of participants were food insecure. This increased over time from 11.7% in 2007–2008 to 18.2% in 2015–2016. A higher proportion of women experienced food insecurity compared with men (53.3% vs 46.7%, P = 0.02), although this was not significant after adjusting for poverty and other confounders (adjusted odds ratio 1.01; 95% CI: 0.93–1.09; P = 0.81). Among food insecure women, 32.4% (95% CI: 30.0%–34.9%) received emergency food assistance and 75.0% (95% CI: 71.5%–78.2%) received supplemental nutrition assistance benefits. Relative to men, food insecure women were less likely to meet the recommended dietary allowance of most macronutrients and micronutrients. They were also significantly more likely to be obese, have a wider waist circumference, and have higher total body fat percentage (P interaction all <0.001).

DISCUSSION:

Food insecurity represents a substantial public health challenge in the United States that differentially affects women compared with men. Alternative strategies may be required to meet the nutritional requirements for food insecure women.
Estrogen-Driven Growth of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia: Truth or Myth?
Authors: Ashhab Ashraf A. , Abu-Sulb Ahmad , Yang Ju Dong , Noureddin Mazen , Sundaram Vinay , Kuo Alexander , Ayoub Walid S.
Published: January 2021

The etiologic association between focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and estrogen has been a subject of doubt and controversy. We present a case of a female patient with FNH that had been monitored for several years with noted size stability and later regression, who developed tumor growth during pregnancy. This case suggests that a subset of FNH is indeed hormone sensitive, as opposed to what has been frequently suggested by many other reports that question the association, a finding that may have clinical implications, in terms of monitoring of patients with high estrogen statuses.
Correlation of Fecal Immunochemical Testing Levels With Pathology Results in a National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program
Authors: O'Reilly Susanne M. , MacNally Sara , O'Donoghue Diarmuid , Mooney Therese , Fitzpatrick Patricia , Mulcahy Hugh E. , Cullen Garret
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) positivity is determined by a threshold decided by individual screening programs. Data are limited on correlation between FIT levels and pathology identified at colonoscopy. Our aim was to examine the correlation between FIT levels and pathology identified in a national colorectal cancer screening program.

METHODS:

FIT levels (n = 9,271) were analyzed and correlated with patient demographics and pathology identified, including adenomas, sessile serrated lesions, number/size of adenomas, and presence of dysplasia. Levels were divided into 2 categories: FIT levels were defined as “high” or “low” based on whether they were above or below the median (479 ngHb/mL). Multivariate analysis was performed.

RESULTS:

A total of 8,084 patients (87%) underwent colonoscopy. Those younger than 65 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.267, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.107–1.45, P = 0.001), those with an adenoma >10 mm (OR 1.736, 95% CI 01.512–1.991, P < 0.001), and those with left-sided adenomas (OR 1.484, 95% CI 1.266–1.74, P < 0.001) had higher FIT levels. Cancers (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.09–3.75, P < 0.001) and high-grade dysplasia (OR 1.356, 95% CI 1.08–1.7, P = 0.008) had higher FIT levels, but varied greatly. The number of adenomas was not significant.

DISCUSSION:

In this study, FIT levels were high for left-sided and large adenomas, suggesting that FIT has poor sensitivity for detection of diminutive and right-sided neoplasia. FIT levels had no association with gender and declined with age. Adenoma burden did not correlate with FIT levels; this is a novel finding. FIT levels vary greatly even in those with advanced neoplasia; therefore, FIT is unlikely to be useful as a risk stratification tool.
Analysis of a diffusive host-pathogen model with standard incidence and distinct dispersal rates
Authors: Wang Jinliang , Cui Renhao
Published: January 2021

This paper concerns with detailed analysis of a reaction-diffusion host-pathogen model with space-dependent parameters in a bounded domain. By considering the fact the mobility of host individuals playing a crucial role in disease transmission, we formulate the model by a system of degenerate reaction-diffusion equations, where host individuals disperse at distinct rates and the mobility of pathogen is ignored in the environment.We first establish the well-posedness of the model, including the global existence of solution and the existence of the global compact attractor. The basic reproduction number is identified, and also characterized by some equivalent principal spectral conditions, which establishes the threshold dynamical result for pathogen extinction and persistence. When the positive steady state is confirmed, we investigate the asymptotic profiles of positive steady state as host individuals disperse at small and large rates. Our result suggests that small and large diffusion rate of hosts have a great impacts in formulating the spatial distribution of the pathogen.
Global FT4 immunoassay standardization: an expert opinion review
Authors: Kratzsch Juergen , Baumann Nikola A. , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Lu Zhong X. , Schott Matthias , van Herwaarden Antonius E. , Henriques Vieira José Gilberto , Kasapic Dusanka , Giovanella Luca
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Results can vary between different free thyroxine (FT4) assays; global standardization would improve comparability of results between laboratories, allowing development of common clinical decision limits in evidence-based guidelines.

Content

We summarize the path to standardization of FT4 assays, and challenges associated with FT4 testing in special populations, including the need for collaborative efforts toward establishing population-specific reference intervals. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Committee for Standardization of Thyroid Function Tests has undertaken FT4 immunoassay method comparison and recalibration studies and developed a reference measurement procedure that is currently being validated. Further studies are needed to establish common reference intervals/clinical decision limits. Standardization of FT4 assays will change test results substantially; therefore, a major education program will be required to ensure stakeholders are aware of the benefits of FT4 standardization, planned transition procedure, and potential clinical impact of the changes. Assay recalibration by manufacturers and approval process simplification by regulatory authorities will help minimize the clinical impact of standardization.

Significant progress has been made toward standardization of FT4 testing, but technical and logistical challenges remain.

Outlook

Collaborative efforts by manufacturers, laboratories, and clinicians are required to achieve successful global standardization of the FT4 assays.
Corrosion of rail tracks and their protection
Authors: Xu Weichen , Zhang Binbin , Deng Yu , Wang Zhengquan , Jiang Quantong , Yang Lihui , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2021

Rapid development of railway industry makes safety increasingly important. Wear, contact-impact, fatigue and corrosion are important factors initiating rail track degradation from the beginning, while corrosion attracts far less attention than other issues. Direct corrosion cost due to railway corrosion in China was 18.88 billion RMB, so corrosion definitely deserves more attention. This work has reviewed studies focussing exclusively on rail corrosion, including corrosion forms, protection and detection technologies. General corrosion on large rail surface is not limiting, while crevice corrosion between rail and liner, resulting in thinning of rail foot, is regarded significant but overlooked. Moreover, reciprocating micro-motion between rail foot and liner mechanically assists the ongoing of crevice corrosion. However, it was mentioned in very few reports and not investigated extensively. Coating and surface modification may be applied for mitigation of rail track corrosion. The weakness of coating is poor mechanical properties, while surface modification, including thermal spraying and laser cladding, may be a better way. Development of novel steel is another effective method, but loss of mechanical properties becomes obstacles for practical applications. Ultrasonic and infrared have been applied for detection, while more advanced technologies are promising. Suggestions are made on specific research topics in this field.
Mother and child with osteogenesis imperfecta type III. Pregnancy management, delivery, and outcome
Authors: Hüner Beate , Handke-Vesely Annette , Lato Krisztian , Korzoum Andrea , Janni Wolfgang , Reister Frank
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Thanks to the advances of modern medicine it has become possible to reach a fertile age even in the case of serious illnesses, enabling those patients to realize their desire to have children. This is also the case with the extremely heterogeneous, often autosomal dominantly inherited osteogenesis imperfecta. Due to a disruption in collagen synthesis those patients are faced with multiple fractures, spinal deformities and a decrease in pulmonary capacity throughout the course of their lives, depending on the subtype and severity of the disease. Obstetricians as well as anesthetists face major interdisciplinary challenges in the case of a pregnancy in those patients because of pregnancy-associated risks like uterine rupture, preterm birth and postpartum hemorrhage as well as risks associated with the nature of osteogenesis imperfecta itself, like bone fractures, spinal deformities and decreased mobility in the course of the progressing pregnancy. Mode of delivery should be planned individually in order to minimize maternal morbidity and mortality. In cases in which the fetus is as well affected by the disease, this aspect must be taken into consideration when it comes to supervision of pregnancy and planning of the birth mode.

Case presentation

We report the case of a woman with osteogenesis imperfecta type III who spontaneously conceived a pregnancy with a fetus who was also affected by the genetic disease. This constellation has up to now been reported by only few sources and requires supervision by an experienced perinatal center.

Conclusions

Osteogenesis imperfecta is not an exclusion diagnosis for family planning and a successful delivery. Nevertheless, depending on the form of the disease, mother and child can be severely affected by the disturbed collagen synthesis. Each patient has to be individually advised and cared for with the specific risks due to the type of Osteogenesis imperfecta. In the case of type III, due to extreme scoliosis, pelvic deformity and small growth, only a primary cesarean section can be performed.
Nach einer erneuten Lektüre: Max Horkheimer,Die Sehnsucht nach dem ganz Anderen
Authors: Nagl-Docekal Herta
Published: January 2021

“What we call meaning is bound to vanish”: Under this heading, an interview with Max Horkheimer was published in Der Spiegel (Jan 5, 1970). Revisiting this interview, the article focuses on Horkheimer’s thesis that human beings share the “longing that the injustice which characterizes the world must not be the final word”. It examines the extent to which Horkheimer’s notion of the “desire for the totally other” may be inspired by Kant’s claim that religion is grounded in the “need of practical reason”. A further topic of discussion is Horkheimer’s critical assessment concerning current tendencies toward a “total administration of the world” that may ultimately “reduce thinking to the level of industrial processes”. Relating this critique to Kant’s reflections on the “unbelief of reason (Vernunftunglaube)”, which is based on “the maxim of reason’s independence of its own need”, the article raises the question of Horkheimer’s significance today: What relevance does Horkheimer’s method of casting doubt on any “politics that is not based on theology, metaphysics and, of course, morality” have for today’s discourse on such matters? In this context a brief glance is cast at Jürgen Habermas’s post-metaphysical reading of Horkheimer’s “negative theology”.

Die Forschung zu diesem Beitrag wurde durch das Russian Academic Excellence Project at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (Aleksandra Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russische Föderation) unterstützt.
Influences of liquefied lignin content on the properties of waterborne polyurethane prepared with different chain extenders
Authors: Lee Wen-Jau , Hu Ming-Shan , Yu Chao-Yun , Chen Yi-Chun
Published: January 2021

Waterborne polyurethane resins (WPUs) were prepared from polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG) and PTMG/polyhydric alcohol liquefied lignin (LL) with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and ethylenediamine (EDA) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) were used as chain extenders. The effects of LL and the kind of chain extender on the properties of the WPU suspensions and dried films were studied. WPU suspensions prepared with PTMG/LL as the polyol had higher viscosity and larger average particle dimension than those with PTMG alone. WPU films prepared with EDA as the chain extender had higher tensile strength with less tensile deformation. LL can enhance the stiffness of WPU films, but the breaking deformation decreases. Dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) results showed that the main effect of LL was reduced thermal activity of the soft segment. Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) results showed WPU films prepared with EDA as the chain extender had better heat-resistance than those with 1,4-BD.
Hsa-miR-186-5p regulates TGFβ signaling pathway through expression suppression of SMAD6 and SMAD7 genes in colorectal cancer
Authors: Bayat Zahra , Ghaemi Zahra , Behmanesh Mehrdad , Soltani Bahram M.
Published: January 2021

TGFβ signaling is a known pathway to be involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and miRNAs play crucial roles by regulating different components of this pathway. Hence, finding the link between miRNAs and the pathway could be beneficial for CRC therapy. Array data indicated that miR-186-5p is a differentially expressed miRNA in colorectal Tumor/Normal tissues and bioinformatics tools predicted SMAD6/7 (inhibitory SMADs) as bona fide targets of this miRNA. Here, we intended to investigate the regulatory effect of the miR-186-5p expression on TGFβ signaling in CRC. Firstly, the miR-186-5p overexpression in HCT116 cells resulted in a significant reduction of SMAD6/7 expression, measured through RT-qPCR. Then, the direct interactions of miR-186-5p with SMAD6/7 3′UTRs were supported through dual luciferase assay. Furthermore, miR-186-5p overexpression suppressed proliferation, cell viability, and migration while, it increased apoptosis in CRC cells, assessed by cell cycle, MTT, scratch and Annexin V/PI apoptosis assays. Consistently, miR-186-5p overexpression resulted in reduced CyclinD1 protein using western blot, and also resulted in increased P21 and decreased c-Myc expression. Overall, these results introduced miR-186-5p as a cell cycle suppressor through downregulation of SMAD6/7 expression. Thus, miR-186-5p might be served as a novel tumor suppressive biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC treatment.
The method of envelopes to concisely calculate semiparametric efficient scores under parametric restrictions
Authors: Frangakis Constantine E.
Published: January 2021

When addressing semiparametric problems with parametric restrictions (assumptions on the distribution), the efficient score (ES) of a parameter is often important for generating useful estimates. However, usual derivation of ES, although conceptually simple, is often lengthy and with many steps that do not help in understanding why its final form arises. This drawback often casts onto semiparametric estimation a mantle that can turn away otherwise able doctoral students or researchers. Here we show that many ESs can be obtained as a one-step derivation after we characterize those features (envelopes) of the unrestricted problem that are constrained in the restricted problem. We demonstrate our arguments in three problems with known ES but whose usual derivations are lengthy. We show that the envelope-based derivation is dramatically explanatory and compact, needing essentially two lines where the standard approach needs 10 or more pages. This suggests that the envelope method can add useful intuition and exegesis to both teaching and research of semiparametric estimation.
Gas–liquid mass transfer using advanced optical probe in a mimicked FT slurry bubble column
Authors: Han Lu , Kamalanathan Premkumar , Al-Dahhan Muthanna H.
Published: January 2021

Gas-liquid volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient (k

L

a) was studied in a slurry bubble column at the conditions mimicking Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. To avoid the hydrodynamic disturbances due to the gas switching, oxygen enriched air dynamic absorption method was used. Influence of reactor models (CSTR, ADM and RCFD) on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient was investigated. Effect of operating pressure, superficial gas velocity and solids loading were investigated. From the reactor models investigated, it is recommended to use ADM model for k

L

a study. If the CSTR model is used, applicability of the model should be checked. With increase in the superficial gas velocity and operating pressure, volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient increases, while it decreases with the solids loading corroborating with the literature.
Energy management of a microgrid using demand response strategy including renewable uncertainties
Authors: Dayalan Suchitra , Rathinam Rajarajeswari
Published: January 2021

Microgrid is an effective means of integrating multiple energy sources of distributed energy to improve the economy, stability and security of the energy systems. A typical microgrid consists of Renewable Energy Source (RES), Controllable Thermal Units (CTU), Energy Storage System (ESS), interruptible and uninterruptible loads. From the perspective of the generation, the microgrid should be operated at the minimum operating cost, whereas from the perspective of demand, the energy cost imposed on the consumer should be minimum. The main key in controlling the relationship of microgrid with the utility grid is managing the demand. An Energy Management System (EMS) is required to have real time control over the demand and the Distributed Energy Resources (DER). Demand Side Management (DSM) assesses the actual demand in the microgrid to integrate different energy resources distributed within the grid. With these motivations towards the operation of a microgrid and also to achieve the objective of minimizing the total expected operating cost, the DER schedules are optimized for meeting the loads. Demand Response (DR) a part of DSM is integrated with MG islanded mode operation by using Time of Use (TOU) and Real Time Pricing (RTP) procedures. Both TOU and RTP are used for shifting the controllable loads. RES is used for generator side cost reduction and load shifting using DR performs the load side control by reducing the peak to average ratio. Four different cases with and without the PV, wind uncertainties and ESS are analyzed with Demand Response and Unitcommittment (DRUC) strategy. The Strawberry (SBY) algorithm is used for obtaining the minimum operating cost and to achieve better energy management of the Microgrid.
A comparative study of the speed control of an IM–based flywheel energy storage system using PI–DTC and RFOC strategies
Authors: Mansour Mohamed , Bendoukha Samir , Barhoumi Nabil , Mimouni Mohamed F
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the modeling and speed–based control of an IM–based flywheel energy storage system (FESS) for integration with a variable wind generation system (VSWG) feeding an online isolated load at the DC bus level. Two traditional control strategies are considered for the FESS, rotor flux oriented control (RFOC) and direct torque control (DTC). Instead of controlling the IM torque directly, the proposed schemes control the measured speed of the FESS–IM to follow a reference value estimated from the required power compensation. Matlab/Simulink simulations show that the tracking performance of the two controllers is comparable.
Effects of amount of added water on red yeast rice production using Korean soft rice variety “Hangaru”
Authors: Oh Hyun Ah , Kim Min Young , Lee Yoon Jeong , Lee Junsoo , Jeong Heon Sang
Published: January 2021

We aimed to develop an efficient process for producing red yeast rice (RYR) with different rice cultivars (Samkwang: used for cooking and Hangaru: used for processing) and amounts of added water (0–100%). Our analyses showed that Hangaru rice had a round starchy form with 18.62% amylose content, and Samkwang rice exhibited an angular starchy form with 15.29% amylose content. The in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis ratio was higher for Hangaru RYR (20.92–24.28%) than for Samakwang RYR (10.97–15.91%) with different amounts of water added. Hangaru RYR showed the highest color value with 60% added water; however, Samkwang RYR highest color value was at 40% added water. The total content of monacolin K was the highest (749.34 mg/kg) for Hangaru RYR treated with 60% added water. These results suggest that Hangaru rice supplemented with 60% water is the most suitable for producing RYR.
Subnormality and residuals for saturated formations: A generalization of Schenkman’s theorem
Authors: Aivazidis Stefanos , Safonova Inna N. , Skiba Alexander N.
Published: January 2021

Let G be a finite group, and let

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

be a hereditary saturated formation.
We denote by

𝐙
𝔉

⁢

(
G
)

{\mathbf{Z}_{\mathfrak{F}}(G)}

the product of all normal subgroups N of G such that every chief factor

H
/
K

{H/K}

of G below N is

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-central in G, that is,

(

H
/
K

)

⋊

(

G
/

𝐂
G

⁢

(

H
/
K

)

)

∈
𝔉

{(H/K)\rtimes(G/\mathbf{C}_{G}(H/K))\in\mathfrak{F}}

.

A subgroup

A
⩽
G

{A\leqslant G}

is said to be

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-subnormal in the sense of Kegel, or
K-

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-subnormal in G, if there is a subgroup chain

A
=

A
0

⩽

A
1

⩽
⋯
⩽

A
n

=
G

{A=A_{0}\leqslant A_{1}\leqslant\cdots\leqslant A_{n}=G}

such that either

A

i
-
1

⁢
⊴
⁢

A
i

{A_{i-1}\trianglelefteq A_{i}}

or

A
i

/

(

A

i
-
1

)

A
i

∈
𝔉

{A_{i}/(A_{i-1})_{A_{i}}\in\mathfrak{F}}

for all

i
=

1
,
…
,
n

{i=1,\ldots,n}

.

In this paper, we prove the following generalization of Schenkman’s theorem on the centraliser of the nilpotent residual of a subnormal subgroup:
Let

F

{\mathfrak{F}}

be a hereditary saturated formation containing all nilpotent groups, and let S be a K-

F

{\mathfrak{F}}

-subnormal subgroup of G.
If

Z
F

⁢

(
E
)

=
1

{\mathbf{Z}_{\mathfrak{F}}(E)=1}

for every subgroup E of G such that

S
⩽
E

{S\leqslant E}

, then

C
G

⁢

(
D
)

⩽
D

{\mathbf{C}_{G}(D)\leqslant D}

, where

D
=

S
F

{D=S^{\mathfrak{F}}}

is the

F

{\mathfrak{F}}

-residual of S.
A Bayesian marked spatial point processes model for basketball shot chart
Authors: Jiao Jieying , Hu Guanyu , Yan Jun
Published: January 2021

The success rate of a basketball shot may be higher at locations where a player makes more shots. For a marked spatial point process, this means that the mark and the intensity are associated. We propose a Bayesian joint model for the mark and the intensity of marked point processes, where the intensity is incorporated in the mark model as a covariate. Inferences are done with a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Two Bayesian model comparison criteria, the Deviance Information Criterion and the Logarithm of the Pseudo-Marginal Likelihood, were used to assess the model. The performances of the proposed methods were examined in extensive simulation studies. The proposed methods were applied to the shot charts of four players (Curry, Harden, Durant, and James) in the 2017–2018 regular season of the National Basketball Association to analyze their shot intensity in the field and the field goal percentage in detail. Application to the top 50 most frequent shooters in the season suggests that the field goal percentage and the shot intensity are positively associated for a majority of the players. The fitted parameters were used as inputs in a secondary analysis to cluster the players into different groups.
Small rodent communities (Muridae) in Gabonese savannas: species diversity and biogeographical affinities
Authors: Mboumba Jean-François , Hervé Maxime R. , Guyot Véronique , Ysnel Frederic
Published: January 2021

The study contributes to the knowledge of species composition and biogeographical affinities of savannas rodent in Gabon. Unlike small rodents in Gabonese forests, there is little data on the diversity of small rodents in Gabonese savannas. The diversity and distribution of rodent murid communities was studied in four different types of savanna in Gabon: Coastal Basin (South-West), Lopé/Okanda (in the Center), Batéké Plateaux (Southeastern) and Ngougnié/ N’yanga (in the South). A total of 428 individuals representing six species were captured over 11,920 trap nights. Trap success was highly variable (2.2–6.9 %). The most abundant species were Mus minutoides (69%) followed by Lemniscomys striatus (21.5%). Indices of species richness varied from 2 to 5 and diversity (Shannon and Weaver) was low in the four savannas with the highest value at Ngougnié/N’yanga (H′ = 1.2). Species distributions show that Gabonese savanna small rodents conform to four distribution types, with one species known from Zambesian savannas exhibiting austral affinities (Pelomys campanae: occurs in three southern savannas). This new information provides important insight into the biogeography of small rodents at a local and regional level. Moreover, the correspondence analysis highlighted an influence of local ecological factors on population abundance.
On topological aspects of degree based entropy for two carbon nanosheets
Authors: Manzoor Shazia , Chu Yu-Ming , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran , Ahmad Sarfraz
Published: January 2021

The entropy-based procedures from the configuration of chemical graphs and multifaceted networks, several graph properties have been utilized. For computing, the organizational evidence of organic graphs and multifaceted networks, the graph entropies have converted the information-theoretic magnitudes. The graph entropy portion has attracted the research community due to its potential application in chemistry. In this paper, our input is to reconnoiter graph entropies constructed on innovative information function, which is the quantity of different degree vertices along with the quantity of edges between innumerable degree vertices.”In this study, we explore two dissimilar curricula of carbon nanosheets that composed by C4and C8denoted by T1C4C8(S)[m, n] and T2C4C8(R)[m, n]. Additionally, we calculate entropies of these configurations by creating a connection of degree-based topological indices with the advantage of evidence occupation.
Development of polymer composites and encapsulation technology for slow-release fertilizers
Authors: Abd El-Aziz Mahmoud Essam , Salama Dina M. , Morsi Samir M. M. , Youssef Ahmed M. , El-Sakhawy Mohamed
Published: January 2021

The fertilizer manufacturing faces an ongoing challenge to develop its products to raise the effectiveness of their application, mainly of nitrogenous fertilizers, as well as to reduce any probable adverse ecological effect. In general, chemical fertilizers are very necessary for agricultural lands to provide the essential nutrients for plant growth, which are lost and leached into the surrounding environment during irrigation, which then leads to unwanted side effects, such as crop failure or increased losses to the environment. To solve this problem of nutrients being wasted, the most effective way is to use slow or controlled-release fertilizers (S/CRFs). The current review provides an insight vision into the methods used to save agricultural fertilizers from being wasted due to irrigation. The functional materials or physical techniques are used to maintain a steady release of nutrients. Fertilizers are encapsulated with various compounds based on synthetic or natural polymers to be used as SRFs. In this review paper, a comprehensive survey is presented on SRFs as an effective method in dealing with the problem of fertilizer wastage during irrigation. This review discusses the technology and applications of the latest research findings in this field.
Friendship in Chinese International Relations
Authors: Shih Chih-Yu
Published: January 2021

Confucian friendship adds to the literature on friendship distance sensibilities and aims to maintain and even reinforce the Confucian ethical order, whereas contemporary international politics fails to provide any clear ethical order. The use of friendship and the concomitant creation of a friendly role by China indicate an intended move away from the improper order, including the tributary system, the Cold War, imperialism, and socialism. Confucian friendship continues to constitute contemporary Chinese diplomacy under the circumstance of indeterminate distance sensibilities. It highlights the relevance of the prior relations that are perceived to have constituted friendship. This article explores several illustrative practices of a Confucian typology of friendly international relations, divided into four kinds of friendship, according to (1) the strength of prior relations and (2) the asymmetry of capacity, including the policies toward Russia, North Korea, and Vietnam, among others. Such a Confucian friendship framework additionally alludes to foreign policy analysis in general. The US policies for China and North Korea are examples that indicate this wide scope of application.
Five Demands and (Not Quite) Beyond
Authors: Lee Francis L. F. , Tang Gary K. Y. , Yuen Samson , Cheng Edmund W.
Published: January 2021

This article examines the Anti-Extradition Bill (Anti-ELAB) Movement and uses claim making and claim transformation as a window to look at ideological struggle in Hong Kong. The analysis recounts the emergence of a specific configuration of movement claims: the supplementation of the moderate “Five Demands” with the abstract slogan “Revolution of Our Times” and other, more radical demands. The development of the configuration is explained by the strategic interactions among movement actors, the state, and perceived political opportunities. The configuration is also treated as symptomatic of the situation in which “One Country, Two Systems” has lost its legitimacy and independence remains a perceived impossibility.
Contending Chinese Perspectives on China-Russia Military Partnership
Authors: Yu Lei
Published: January 2021

China has worked with Russia to formulate a strategic partnership in the post–Cold War era to counter US containment and make the world order “more reasonable” and “fairer.” China has synchronized its military collaboration with Russia to modernize the once obsolete People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in pursuit of these objectives. The partnership and the modernization of the PLA reveal China’s preparedness for US military intervention in Taiwan and the South China Sea and for the power transition triggered by China’s ascent at the systemic (global) level. This reflects China’s intention to attain two goals: the first, to safeguard its territorial sovereignty particularly over the South China Sea, which has been in escalating disputes since US adoption of the strategies of “pivot to Asia” and “free navigation operations”; and the second, to protect China’s dream of national rejuvenation and reemergence as a great power from being interrupted by foreign intervention.
Consumption of alcoholic beverages and practice of binge drinking among hairdressers
Authors: Castelo Branco Fernanda Matos Fernandes , Sousa Germana Teixeira de , Marques Nathanni Queiroz dos Santos , Moraes Ariane Aparecida Santos , Trindade Fabio Rodrigues , Branco Neto Tancredo Castelo , Dutok-Sánchez Carlos Manuel
Published: January 2021

Objective: to verify the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the practice of binge drinking among hairdressers. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted with 51 beauty salon professionals. We used a questionnaire with socio-demographic characteristics and about the practices of consumption of alcoholic beverages. For the identification of the use in binge drinking, the key question was guided. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. Results: 84.3% were alcohol consumers, 51.0% had between one and ten years of consumption and 72.5% consumed beer. In relation to the use in binging, 37.3% of the sample made occasional use of risk, at least once a month. The highest rates of binge drinking were related to male gender, single and young and the evangelical religion was associated with a lower or no consumption of alcoholic beverages. Conclusion: the data pointed to alcohol consumption and frequent binge use related to likely alcohol dependence.
Las epopeyas clásicas y el cine
Authors: Tausiet Antonio
Published: January 2021

Las epopeyas grecolatinas constituyen el pilar de la cultura occidental. Como tantas obras literarias, han sido trasladadas al lenguaje cinematográfico. Un repaso de las películas que han tratado la Ilíada, la Odisea, las Argonáuticas y la Eneida desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX permite conocer el grado de fidelidad a los textos originales, no sólo en cuanto a sus narraciones, sino también a la conservación de su espíritu original. Para ello, contrasto cada epopeya con la trama de sus filmes asociados y muestro su recepción, tanto entre los espectadores como los lectores.
El universo temporal de Christopher Nolan
Authors: Calvo Martinez Maria Teresa
Published: January 2021

El propósito de este artículo es realizar una reflexión acerca de la filmografía del director británico Christopher Nolan, poniendo especial interés en los conceptos de tiempo, identidad y fragmentación. En estas páginas se procurará poner de manifiesto la profundidad narrativa de su obra, destacando cómo se manifiestan los mencionados conceptos tanto en sus obras originales -Memento (2000), Origen (2010), Interstellar (2014), Dunkerque (2017) y Tenet (2020)-, como en adaptaciones y remakes de las obras de otros autores - Insomnio (2002), Batman Begins (2005), El truco final (2006), El caballero oscuro (2008), y El caballero oscuro, la leyenda renace (2012). Quedan fuera de este análisis sus primeros cortos y la cinta amateur Following (1998), por considerarse obras menores, aunque se matizará que incluso en estos primeros trabajos pueden intuirse las inquietudes que el director tratará de manera recurrente a lo largo de su carrera.
El narcotraficante, entre la literatura, el cine y la mitología popular
Authors: De Orduña Fernández Esther
Published: January 2021

En la civilización del espectáculo donde solo impera lo que el mercado marca como éxito, los valores sociales se han visto afectados. Solo se cuenta la repercusión mediática que tiene una acción o persona para valorarla como modelo social. En la actualidad, los narcotraficantes se han convertido en unos iconos populares con gran influencia social debido a la imagen que se vende de ellos en las diferentes producciones cinematográficas y periodísticas. El presente artículo busca mostrar cómo se presenta a los narcotraficantes en diferentes series y películas a través de un caso concreto, el de Joaquín el «Chapo» Guzmán, el narcotraficante más mediático de los últimos tiempos y quien se está convirtiendo en el arquetipo del narcotraficante gracias a sus llamativa vida.
John Woods y Brent Hudak: Por paridad de razonamiento
Authors: Alhambra Delgado José
Published: January 2021

Traducción al español del artículo publicado por John Woods y Brent Hudak en Informal Logic, Vol. 11, Nº 3, en 1989. Frente a las propuestas que interpretan el argumento por analogía en términos de semejanza de propiedades, los autores proponen aquí una concepción metaargumentativa, es decir, una en la que los objetos de comparación son argumentos. Esto les permite interpretar la noción de semejanza en términos de identidad de razones, dar cuenta de algunas características del argumento por analogía en oposición, por ejemplo, a la predicación analógica y explorar su dimensión dialéctica en la solución de lo que denominan un stand-off o punto muerto discursivo. La traducción se acompaña de una presentación del texto realizada por el traductor.
Produção mais limpa como ferramenta na construção de agroecossistema de base ecológica em propriedade agrícola familiar
Authors: Pino Pereira Lima Endrigo , Debli Casalinho Helvio , Rodrigues de Lima Ana Claudia
Published: January 2021

No Brasil o número de estudos de caso relatados de implantação de programas de Produção mais Limpa (PmaisL) no setor agrícola é bem menor do que nos demais setores. Os conceitos e aparatos metodológicos da PmaisL relacionam-se com as bases teóricas do processo de transição agroecológica, pois também são orientados por princípios preventivos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi implantar um programa de PmaisL numa propriedade agrícola familiar em processo de transição agroecológica e analisar as contribuições da implantação na melhoria da sustentabilidade deste agroecossistema. Os resultados mostraram benefícios de ordem ambiental, social e econômica, comprovando que a implantação do programa contribui para a melhoria da sustentabilidade de propriedades em transição agroecológica. Ficou também evidenciada a convergência conceitual e metodológica entre o programa e o processo de transição agroecológica, sendo possível inferir que a PmaisL é uma ferramenta útil, prática e dinâmica no processo de transição agroecológica de propriedades agrícolas familiares.
Palavras-chave: Sustentabilidade; Prevenção a poluição; transição agroecológica; agricultura sustentável.
There exists only one tumor necrosis factor
Authors: Nedospasov S. A.
Published: January 2021

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an important proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine with several unique protective and homeostatic functions. Since TNF is a mediator of several pathologies and is a part of “cytokine storm”, its significance for clinical immunology is due to the fact that this cytokine is a target of commonly used anti-cytokine therapy in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In scientific literature and textbooks TNF is often goes as “TNFa”, implying the existence of at least TNFβ (indeed, such term was used for about 10 years in 80s and 90s to designate lymphotoxin). However, already 25 years ago such designation of lymphotoxin was cancelled “on scientific grounds”. Therefore, both in Russian and in English the term TNF should be used without “alpha”. Labels of the reagents related to TNFb that are offered by commercial companies are misleading.
Cyber War Fare Defence an Technologies
Authors: Paul Sourav
Published: January 2021

The following research paper provides analysis of four (4) Cyber War Fare Defence and Technologies topics. These topics include: Virtual Private Network, and Vulnerability Scanning Systems and demonstration of matasploit meterpreter payload. This paper provides basic overview
information about each technology, but primarily focuses on analysing each technology within the modern Cyber War Fare Defence and Technologies and business context, looking at how it meets business needs while addressing Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability as a Countermeasure
that Detects, Corrects and/or Protects. Metasploit, meterpreter,reverse_tcp demonstration using Infector PC as kali linux Victim PC as WindowsXP(dill injection payload and meterpreter)