bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN SOME SEAFOODS COLLECTED FROM MUARA ANGKE FISH AUCTION PLACE, JAKARTA.
Authors: Hutagalung Horas , Syamsu Suwirma
Published: August 2018

Determination of  heavy  metal  content  (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn) in some seafoods collected from  Muara  Angke  Fish  Auction  Place  were carried out during February to July 1979. The results showed  that Zn  content  in seafoods a nalyzed  was always much higher than the other heavy metals. The concentration levels of  the  six  heavy  metals observed were low. It is almost of the same level as the metal concentration of  other  seafoods  observed  in various parts of the world oceans, but still lower  than the maximum standard set  for human  consumption  as  established  by   Tasmania, Australia and  World Health Organization. The  mean  per capita  consumption of  fish  in Jakarta is only  about 165 g  per week, while  the  Provisional Tolerated Weekly Intake for Hg, set by WHO/FAO at 300 ug level, would be attained by consuming 1500 g Rastrelliger sp., or 698 gPenaeus setiferus, or 545 g Sepia sp., and or 1250 g Pecten sp.  Therefore,  at   present the  level of metal content in fishes sold at TPI  Muara  Angke  can be  considered  as  not  dangerous  to human health as long as these quantities are not surpassed.
DIRECT BACTERIA COUNTING IN THE BANDA SEA
Authors: Ruyitno -
Published: August 2018

Bacteria counting in the Banda sea were carried out in two seasons during Snellius II Expedition.  In August 1984, representing the southeast monsoon where upwelling is expected, bacteria counts were higher than in February 1985, representing the northwest monsoon where downwelling is expected. Some biological parameters of the Banda Sea were in support of the bacteria numbers in the expected upwelling region.
A CYCLONIC EDDY NORTH OF LOMBOK
Authors: Cresswell George
Published: August 2018

A satellite drifter that passed from south to north through Lombok Strait in early 1988 became trapped in a cyclonic eddy 100 km north of Lombok. The eddy, which was 130 km by 80 km, had a rotation period of 10 days.
PREFERENCE OF TEMORA STYLIFERA (CALANOID COPEPOD) FOR PLANKTONIC CILIATES AND EGG PRODUCTION
Authors: Wiadnyana Ngurah N.
Published: August 2018

The investigation of feeding and egg production of the calanoid co pepod Temora stylifera was carried out between September and November 1988. The copepods were fed on natural ciliates and phytoplankton assemblage. Planktonic ciliates composed of 2.20 to 3.83 g C l -1 representing 15.2 to 58.7% of total biomass in standing stock. They were consumed by these copepods at rates ranging from 11.25 to 38.14 g C mg DW-1  d-1 or about 27.6 to 74.8% of total food consumed. The increase of ciliates/phytoplankton biomass ratio in the food consumed by the copepods in the all experiments indicates the preference for ciliates, in which as a good quality of food they can improve the rates of copepods egg production.
REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF THE TROPICAL ABALONE, HALIOTIS ASININA, FROM SOUTHERN LOMBOK WATERS, INDONESIA
Authors: Setyono Dwi E.D.
Published: August 2018

The main objective of this study was to determine reproductive strategy including major spawning season of tropical abalone (Haliotis asinina) from southern Lombok waters, Indonesia. Gonad bulk index, maturity stages and oocyte size frequency distribution were applied to document gonadal development and major spawning season. The results of this study show that H. asinina in southern Lombok waters displayed year-round spawning with a high proportion occurring in August - November, when gonad index dropped to a lower level and high proportion of partly spawned and/or spent ovaries occurred in the population. Gonad development and spawning in males and females occurred synchronously. The correlation between gonadal development and environmental factors are described and discussed.
EFFECTS OF CYANIDE ON ORNAMENTAL CORAL FISH (CHROMIS VIRIDIS)
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Hindarti Dwi
Published: August 2018

The use of cyanide particularly for fishing has caused concern for its impacts on aquatic marine life. This study was the first attempt to provide information on the effect of cyanide on tropical marine fish in Indonesia and aimed to determine the toxicity of cyanide to coral fish, Chromis viridis. The fish were exposed to 10,18,32,56 and 100 µg 1-1 of cyanide. These five cyanide concentrations were tested for 96- h period of exposure through a static-renewal. Cyanide was found to be very toxic to the fish. The 96-h LC50 of cyanide for juvenile of Chromis viridis was 41.3 µg 1-1. The toxicity of cyanide to C. viridis was 300 times stronger than that of the trace metal cadmium. Compared to milkfish fry (Chanos chanos), C.  viridis was more sensitive to cyanide. It is estimated that at concentration of 32 µg 1-1 cyanide does not show observable effect (NOEC) to C. viridis. Meanwhile the lowest observable effect of cyanide  (LOEC) to the fish is at a concentration of 56 µg 1-1.
Avaliação microbiológica, físico-química e aceitação sensorial do kefir com polpa de graviola
Authors: Contim Luciana Silva Rocha , Oliveira Ila Maria Aguiar , Cardoso Neto José
Published: August 2018

Kefir é um produto obtido através da fermentação do leite com os grãos de kefir e de culturas preparadas a partir dos grãos. Tendo em vista suas propriedades funcionais e buscando o aproveitamento de frutos da região amazônica, foi produzida uma bebida de kefir com graviola. Foram avaliadas as características microbiológicas, físico-químicas da bebida durante a estocagem refrigerada, bem como sua aceitabilidade. Os principais grupos de microrganismos presentes no kefir são bactérias lácticas como Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, leveduras, bactérias acéticas, que foram quantificadas através de contagem seletiva em meios de cultura específicos. Verificaram-se contagens similares para todos os grupos de bactérias, em torno de 109 UFC/mL com redução de dois ciclos logaritmos ao final de 28 dias de estocagem. A adição da polpa de fruta e açúcar ao kefir não influenciou o comportamento da microbiota analisada. Bactérias láticas foram isoladas dos grãos de kefir. Os nove isolados foram caracterizados como Lactococcus lactis subp. lactis. Os valores de pH não variaram significativamente durante 21 dias, somente no 28º dia de estocagem refrigerada,  mas a acidez  aumentou progressivamente durante todo período. A análise sensorial do kefir com polpa de graviola apresentou uma elevada aceitabilidade.
Conhecimento e hábitos de consumo de kefir na comunidade acadêmica da UFMS
Authors: Irmão Jedalia De Sousa , Costa Marcela De Rezende
Published: August 2018

Alimentos lácteos fermentados utilizando grãos de kefir são consumidos não só pelo valor nutricional, mas também por seus aspectos probióticos.Assim, o interesse pelo kefir vêm aumentando tanto pela população como pela comunidade científica. Porém, suas aplicações vão além da sua ingestão como leite fermentado, incluindo tecnologias explorando propriedades antimicrobiana sem conservação e embalagens para alimentos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi mensurar o nível de conhecimento sobre o kefir e o seu consumo por meio de uma pesquisa aplicada à comunidade acadêmica da UFMS. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de questionário utilizando a plataforma Google Forms, cujo link foi enviado por email e presencialmente com o uso de um tablet. A análise dos dados revelou que 61,8% dos entrevistados conheciam o kefir e, destes, 22,2% consumiam, porém, apenas 28,6% diariamente. Além disso, dos que consomem, a maioria (86%) utiliza o cultivo do produto em leite. A maioria apontou que o motivo do interesse no consumo está relacionado à saúde, sendo que o que eles mais relataram saber sobre o kefir é que faz bem para a saúde e suas formas de consumo e de produção.Participantes que disseram não conhecer o kefir, após breve explicação,responderam que produziriam em casa e consumiriam, caso ganhem as mudas.Esse fato, juntamente com o restante dos dados obtidos, confirma o interesse por produtos considerados saudáveis e acessíveis (custo e facilidade), e apontam para um potencial de difusão dos conhecimentos e, assim, um maior consumo do kefir na comunidade
Geotecnologias aplicado à análise do risco à contaminação dos aquíferos da bacia hidrográfica do rio São Roque – SP
Authors: Anjinho Phelipe Da Silva , Campos Letícia Geraldino , Mauad Frederico Fábio , Moschini Luiz Eduardo
Published: August 2018

Um dos principais problemas relacionados às ações antrópicas é a contaminação das águas subterrâneas, que pode ser intensificada em virtude das próprias características físicas dos aquíferos e do uso e ocupação do solo da bacia hidrográfica. Portanto, estudos que viabilizem um maior entendimento sobre a vulnerabilidade na qual os aquíferos estão sujeitos, relacionando-os as suas características naturais e antrópicas são essenciais para o gerenciamento das águas e a tomada de decisão. Em vista disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o risco de contaminação dos aquíferos da bacia hidrográfica do rio São Roque, utilizando a metodologia de análise multicritério. Para tal, foram gerados mapas temáticos do meio físico e de uso e cobertura do solo a fim de confeccionar o mapa final do risco à contaminação dos aquíferos da região. Em suma, as análises realizadas indicam situação crítica no que se refere à degradação dos aquíferos da bacia, com quase 70% da área classificada com risco alto e muito alto à contaminação das águas subterrâneas
CLINICAL CASES OF THE EFFICACY OF THERAPY MULTIKINASE INHIBITORS OF METASTATIC RADIOID-REFRACTORY DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER
Authors: Polyakov Andrey P. , Mordovskiy Alexander V. , Nikiforovich Petr A. , Ratushnyy Mikhail V. , Rebrikova Irina V. , Boyko Anna V. , Bolotina Larisa V. , Gevorcov Artem R.
Published: August 2018

Well differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) is referred to non-aggressive tumors with a relatively favorable course. However, in 10% of cases, distant metastases are recorded in this pathology, of them 5–15% of cases develop refractoriness to I131 therapy. Resistance to radioactive iodine therapy in patients with WDTC significantly worsens the overall and disease-free survival. In 2014, the targeted drug Sorafenib was registered in our country, as the first drug of choice for the treatment of patients with metastatic radio-refractory WDTC. The article presents his own experience in the therapy of radiorefractory thyroid cancer with a multikinase inhibitor – Sorafenib. This drug is effective for the treatment of this cohort of patients and also helps to maintain a satisfactory quality of life. Therapy with a multikinase inhibitor statistically significantly increases the time to progression and the median time without progression. In this way, patients have been monitored for a process that would not have been possible to achieve without the use of a targeted drug with multikinase inhibition.
Factors affecting the probability of recurrence of the Cushing’s disease within 3 years after effective neurosurgical treatment
Authors: Nadezhdina Elena Y. , Rebrova Olga Y. , Ivashenko Oksana V. , Azizyan Vilen N. , Arapova Svetlana D. , Grigoriev Andrey Y.
Published: August 2018

Background. Cushing’s disease (СD) is а severe neuroendocrine disease that can rapidly progress with the development of severe complications of hypercorticism requiring immediate treatment. The main method of treatment is a neurosurgical operation, the effectiveness of which at the present time can reach 80% or more, however, about a quarter of patients after successful neurosurgical treatment experience reccurence.
Aim. The analysis of prognostic factors potentially affecting the occurrence of recurrence of CD after successful primary transnasal adenomectomy.
Material and methods. A retrospective monocenter comparative study of treatment outcomes in 219 patients (32 men, 187 women) with confirmed diagnosis of Cushing's disease who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal adenomectomy between 2007 and 2014 was performed. The inclusion criteria were: the absence of previous pathogenetic treatment for this disease and the development of remission of the disease in the early postoperative period. The duration of follow-up period was three years and more. We used methods of statistical comparison of groups, including survival analysis and ROC-analysis.
Results. Within 3 years the remission was preserved in 172 patients, the recurrence of Cushing's disease developed in 47 patients (21.5% [16%; 28%]). The probability of CD recurrence was associated with morning levels of ACTH and cortisol and evening ACTH in the early postoperative period. As a result of the ROC-analysis for morning ACTH and cortisol, the optimal cutting points were 7 pg/ml and 123 nmol/l respectively. In patients with ACTH level less than 7 pg/ml, three years recurrence appeared to be 7%, 95% CI [3%, 14%], while at the level of ≥7 pg/ml recurrence was observed in 31% [23%, 40%] cases, RR 0.22 [0.09; 0.51], ОR – 0.16 [0.06; 0.43]. In patients with cortisol level below 123 nmol/l the recurrence developed in 13% [9%, 20%] of cases, while in patients with cortisol level ≥123 nmol/l, recurrence was equal to 45% [32%, 59%], RR 0.29 [0.18; 0.50], ОR – 0.19 [0.09; 0.39].
Conclusion. The development of adrenal insufficiency (a decrease in ACTH level less than 7 pg/ml and cortisol level less than 123 nmol/l) statistically significantly reduces the probability of the recurrence of CD within three years after surgery.
Analisis Stabilitas pada Lereng Sungai yang Dipengaruhi Pasang Surut
Authors: Hamdhan Indra Noer , Pratiwi Desti Santi
Published: August 2018

The slopes on river banks close to the estuary can be affected by tides, so it can experience stability in the river bank. Therefore, this research is conducted to determine the stability of river bank due to tides with numerical analysis. The numerical analysis method was done by 2D Plaxis Software that using the Finite Element Method. The analysis was conducted on a homogeneous slope with 2 (two) different soil permeability coefficient values, there are low permeability and high permeability. The analysis is modeled by fully coupled analysis between deformation and ground water flow analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that a tidal are influence the stability of the slope based on the safety factor value. The highest of safety factor value are shown in high tide condition, and the lowest occur at low tide condition. This happens because the high tide condition occur the addition of hydraulic pressure from the water that will resist the sliding, while the low tide condition will reduce the hydraulic pressure. This can be a concern to the stability of river bank with tidal condition in order to avoid the erosion during the low tide conditions. The comparison of safety factors between two different types of soil permeability are not significant, the difference are only 3%.
Sifat Mekanis Beton Normal dengan Campuran Tepung Marmer
Authors: Kushartomo Widodo , Sari Dewi Permata
Published: August 2018

This study is describe about the mechanical properties of normal concrete by adding of marble flour based on the mixed plan made. The compressive strength of the planned test object fc '20.0 and fc' 30.0 MPa was prepared by using the ACI method. The addition of marble flour in a concrete mixture varies from 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% to the weight of the cement used. Concrete test specimens were made in the form of cylinders 15.0 cm in diameter, 30.0 cm in height and made in the form of concrete beams measuring 15.0 cm x 15.0 cm x 75.0 cm, the type of mechanical testing performed in the form of compressive strength tests on cylindrical specimen, split tensile strength test on cylindrical specimen and flexure test on beam specimen. Curing is done by immersion technique at 25ºC and the test is done when the concrete is 28 days old. The test results show that the addition of marble flour to the normal concrete mixture can increase its mechanical properties by 26% for compressive strength, 24% for split tensile strength, and 17% for flexural strength.
Łacińskie epitafia w farze poznańskiej
Authors: Rosół Rafał
Published: August 2018

The paper deals with three Latin epitaphs that are located in the Parish Church in Poznań (the former Jesuit Church). These inscriptions honour Stanisław Grabski (ca. 1633–1693), Kasper Drużbicki (1590–1662) and Józef Pawłowski (1698–1759). The author provides a critical edition of the inscriptions, their Polish translations, as well as a commentary.
Crystal structure of (E)-1-(4-(((E)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)ethan-1-one oxime, C16H16N2O3
Authors: Li Peng-Peng , Ma Jin-Xia , Li Qing-Lin , Zhao Ji-Xing , Zhao Li
Published: August 2018

C16H16N2O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.929(13) Å, b = 11.966(12) Å, c = 9.742(9) Å, β = 107.449(19)°, Z = 4, V = 1438(2) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0515, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1767, T = 296(2) K.
Lignocellulosic bioethanol production: prospects of emerging membrane technologies to improve the process – a critical review
Authors: Dey Pinaki , Pal Parimal , Kevin Joseph Dilip , Das Diganta Bhusan
Published: August 2018

To meet the worldwide rapid growth of industrialization and population, the demand for the production of bioethanol as an alternative green biofuel is gaining significant prominence. The bioethanol production process is still considered one of the largest energy-consuming processes and is challenging due to the limited effectiveness of conventional pretreatment processes, saccharification processes, and extreme use of electricity in common fermentation and purification processes. Thus, it became necessary to improve the bioethanol production process through reduced energy requirements. Membrane-based separation technologies have already gained attention due to their reduced energy requirements, investment in lower labor costs, lower space requirements, and wide flexibility in operations. For the selective conversion of biomasses to bioethanol, membrane bioreactors are specifically well suited. Advanced membrane-integrated processes can effectively contribute to different stages of bioethanol production processes, including enzymatic saccharification, concentrating feed solutions for fermentation, improving pretreatment processes, and finally purification processes. Advanced membrane-integrated simultaneous saccharification, filtration, and fermentation strategies consisting of ultrafiltration-based enzyme recycle system with nanofiltration-based high-density cell recycle fermentation system or the combination of high-density cell recycle fermentation system with membrane pervaporation or distillation can definitely contribute to the development of the most efficient and economically sustainable second-generation bioethanol production process.
Yoga Breathing Techniques Have No Impact on Isokinetic and Isoinertial Power
Authors: Wooten Savannah V. , Cherup Nicholas , Mazzei Nicolle , Patel Shareen , Mooney Kiersten , Rafiq Ali , Signorile Joseph F.
Published: August 2018

Wooten, SV, Cherup, N, Mazzei, N, Patel, S, Mooney, K, Rafiq, A, and Signorile, JF. Yoga breathing techniques have no impact on isokinetic and isoinertial power. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 430–439, 2020—As an exercise discipline, yoga incorporates breathing (pranayama) and posture (asana) techniques to facilitate improvements in flexibility, strength, and meditation. Both techniques have been used to enhance muscular strength and power output. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various yoga breathing techniques on lower-limb power output. Thirty-two individuals (15 men and 17 women) participated in the study. All subjects performed a baseline 1 repetition maximum (1RM) on a pneumatic leg press machine and isokinetic testing on a Biodex 4 dynamometer. Participants then performed 3RM power tests at 50% of 1RM on the pneumatic leg press machine using 3 different yoga breathing techniques (Ujjayi, Bhastrika, and Kapalabhati) and normal breathing (control) across all repetitions. After power testing, participants completed an isokinetic test on the Biodex 4 dynamometer using their dominant leg. Subjects had their knee placed at a predetermined starting position (90°) and executed knee extension at 3 randomized testing speeds (60, 180, and 300°·s−1). The implementation of specific breathing protocols before and during the leg press produced no significant differences in power output. For isokinetic power measured at 60, 180, and 300°·s−1, there was a significant difference among testing speeds (η2 = 0.639; p < 0.0001) and a significant sex × speed interaction (η2 = 0.064; p < 0.0001), where men consistently demonstrated greater isoinertial power, isokinetic power, isokinetic torque, and isokinetic work than women. No other significant differences or interactions were detected. The differences between our study and others, which have concluded that adopting specific breathing techniques can enhance core stability and force production during lifting, may be attributable to the acute nature of the design, the novice participants who had insufficient time to practice the breathing techniques or testing protocols, and the use of tests that isolated specific muscle groups. Nonetheless, the current findings do not support the use of yoga breathing techniques as a method to enhance power output, whether used before or during power performance.
Swell–Shrink–Consolidation Behavior of Rubber–Reinforced Expansive Soils
Authors: Soltani Amin , Deng An , Taheri Abbas , Sridharan Asuri
Published: August 2018

This study examines the effects of two types of recycled tire rubber of fine and coarse categories on the swell–shrink–consolidation behavior of a highly expansive soil mixture. Each of the two rubber choices were incorporated into the soil at four different content levels (i.e., rubber to dry soil mass ratio) of 5, 10, 20, and 30 %. The experimental program consisted of consistency limits, compaction, swell–consolidation, swell–shrink, and unconfined compression tests. Improvement in the swell–shrink–consolidation capacity was in favor of higher rubber contents; however, when excessively included, it raised strength concerns. The swell–shrink–consolidation properties were also rubber size-dependent, meaning that the rubber of coarser sizes often outperformed finer rubber. In terms of strength, however, the two rubber types promoted similar results with marginal differences. The results of the unconfined compression tests were cross checked with the swell–shrink–consolidation properties to arrive at the optimum stabilization scenarios. A maximum rubber inclusion of 10 %, preferably the rubber of coarser category, proved to satisfy the stabilization objectives (i.e., decrease in the swell–shrink–consolidation capacity as well as maintain or improve the strength) and thus was deemed as the optimum choice. Where context changes and the strength and stiffness are not a primary concern, higher rubber inclusions of up to 20 % may also be considered acceptable.
Performance Evaluation of Whitetopping with Improved Design Practices in Texas
Authors: Zhou Wujun , Won Moon , Choi Pangil
Published: August 2018

The design method of whitetopping in Texas is a method suggested by the American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA). However, one of the limitations on this particular design method is that an existing asphalt pavement condition is not considered for slab thickness. Recently, the Texas Department of Transportation developed an improved whitetopping design procedure considering mechanistic-empirical (ME) behavior. In the present study, performance of whitetopping projects constructed by the ACPA design method in Texas were investigated, and improved design details were suggested in order to minimize distresses, such as corner break and slab movement, in transition areas. To evaluate the structural performance of whitetopping, various tests, including the falling weight deflectometer, ground penetration radar, and investigation of concrete coring were conducted on US 90. According to the field survey and tests results, most of the distress was caused by insufficient slab support conditions related to asphalt concrete pavement materials and inadequate slab thickness design. In addition, early-age behavior of whitetopping constructed by the improved ME design method was evaluated and analyzed, and various gage installations, such as vibrating wire strain gage, electric resistance-type strain gages, porous nonstress cylinder, and impervious nonstress cylinder, are discussed.
Strength Properties and Microstructural Characteristics of Stabilized Dredged Materials at High Water Contents
Authors: Ding Jianwen , Feng Xusong , Xu Guizhong , Qian Sen , Ji Feng
Published: August 2018

Dredged materials (DMs) with high initial water content are often generated during construction projects of ports and waterways, as well as during the dredging of rivers and lakes in China. The cement mixing method is commonly introduced to render these waste materials sustainable earthwork resources. In this study, phosphogypsum is used as a water reducing agent together with cement to stabilize the DMs at high water content. An unconfined compressive strength test, a scanning electron microscopy test (SEM), and a mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test were used in combination to investigate the strength properties and microstructural characteristics of the stabilized dredged material (SDM). It is found that there exists an optimal phosphogypsum content when it is used to stabilize the DMs together with cement. SEM results showed that the strength of the SDM originates from the cementitious bonding and pore-filling of hydration products. MIP results further clarified that total pore volume, average entrance pore diameter, and Dp50 were suppressed with an increase in cementing material content and curing period. The strength properties and microstructural characteristics show a high consistency.
Presynaptic Inhibition of Primary Nociceptive Signals to Dorsal Horn Lamina I Neurons by Dopamine
Authors: Lu Yong , Doroshenko Maksym , Lauzadis Justas , Kanjiya Martha P. , Rebecchi Mario J. , Kaczocha Martin , Puopolo Michelino
Published: August 2018

The dorsal horn of the spinal cord represents the first relay station in the pain pathway where primary nociceptive inputs are modulated by local circuits and by descending signals before being relayed to supraspinal nuclei. To determine whether dopamine can modulate primary nociceptive Aδ- and C-fiber signals, the effects of dopamine were tested on the excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) recorded from large lamina I neurons and from retrograde-labeled spinoparabrachial lamina I neurons upon stimulation of the L4/L5 dorsal root in horizontal spinal cord slicesin vitro. Dopamine inhibited the EPSCs in a dose-dependent manner, with substantial inhibition (33%) at 1 μmand maximum inhibition (∼70%) at 10–20 μm. Dopamine reduced the frequency of miniature EPSCs recorded from large lamina I neurons, increased the paired pulse depression ratio of paired EPSCs, and induced similar inhibition of EPSCs after dialysis of large lamina I neurons with GDP-β-S, consistent with actions at presynaptic sites. Pharmacological experiments suggested that the inhibitory effects of dopamine were largely mediated by D4 receptors (53%). Similar inhibition (66%) by dopamine was observed on EPSCs recorded from ipsilateral large lamina I neurons 6 d after injection of complete Freund's adjuvant in the hindpaw, suggesting that dopamine downregulates primary nociceptive inputs to lamina I neurons during chronic inflammatory pain. We propose that presynaptic inhibition of primary nociceptive inputs to lamina I projection neurons is a mechanism whereby dopamine can inhibit incoming noxious stimuli to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLamina I projection neurons represent the main output for the pain signals from the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to brainstem and thalamic nuclei. We found that dopamine inhibits the nociceptive Aδ- and C-fiber synaptic inputs to lamina I projection neurons via presynaptic actions. Similar inhibitory effects of dopamine on the EPSCs were observed in rats subjected to complete Freund's adjuvant to induce peripheral inflammation, suggesting that dopamine inhibits the synaptic inputs to lamina I neurons in the setting of injury. A better understanding of how primary nociceptive inputs to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord are modulated by descending monoaminergic signals may help in the development of new pharmacological strategies to selectively downregulate the output from lamina I projection neurons.
Having More Choices Changes How Human Observers Weight Stable Sensory Evidence
Authors: Itthipuripat Sirawaj , Cha Kexin , Deering Sean , Salazar Annalisa M. , Serences John T.
Published: August 2018

Decision-making becomes slower when more choices are available. Existing models attribute this slowing to poor sensory processing, to attenuated rates of sensory evidence accumulation, or to increases in the amount of evidence required before committing to a decision (a higher decision threshold). However, studies have not isolated the effects of having more choices on sensory and decision-related processes from changes in task difficulty and divided attention. Here, we controlled task difficulty while independently manipulating the distribution of attention and the number of choices available to male and female human observers. We used EEG to measure steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) and a frontal late positive deflection (LPD), EEG markers of sensory and postsensory decision-related processes, respectively. We found that dividing attention decreased SSVEP and LPD amplitudes, consistent with dampened sensory responses and slower rates of evidence accumulation, respectively. In contrast, having more choices did not alter SSVEP amplitude and led to a larger LPD. These results suggest that having more options largely spares early sensory processing and slows down decision-making via a selective increase in decision thresholds.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen more choices are available, decision-making becomes slower. We tested whether this phenomenon is due to poor sensory processing, to reduced rates of evidence accumulation, or to increases in the amount of evidence required before committing to a decision (a higher decision threshold). We measured choice modulations of sensory and decision-related neural responses using EEG. We also minimized potential confounds from changes in the distribution of attention and task difficulty, which often covary with having more choices. Dividing attention reduced the activity levels of both sensory and decision-related responses. However, having more choices did not change sensory processing and led to larger decision-related responses. These results suggest that having more choices spares sensory processing and selectively increases decision thresholds.
Longitudinal BMI Growth Curves for Surviving Preterm NICU Infants Based on a Large US Sample
Authors: Williamson Adrienne L. , Derado Josip , Barney Bradley J. , Saunders Greg , Olsen Irene E. , Clark Reese H. , Lawson M. Louise
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:

Longitudinal growth curves, based on repeated measurements from the same group of infants, exist for preterm infant weight and length but not for BMI. Our existing BMI (weight divided by length squared) curves are based on cross-sectional birth data obtained from a different group of infants at each gestational age (GA).

METHODS:

We calculated BMI over time for 68 693 preterm infants between 24 and 36 weeks GA. Stratifying infants by sex, GA at birth, and quintiles based on birth BMI, we created longitudinal median curves using R and validated the resulting curves for empirical fit, proper classification, and normality of z scores.

RESULTS:

We created 2 sets of BMI growth charts. The first set displays fitted median curves for all 5 percentile groups in each GA group by sex. The second set displays fitted median curves with their corresponding third and 97th percentiles by percentile group, GA, and sex. In the validation analysis, percentage of daily observations below the median curve approximated the expected 50th percentile after the initial 3 days. Unlike the cross-sectional curves, the longitudinal curves reveal the pattern of change corresponding to nadir; postnadir, these curves remained consistently below the cross-sectional curves and varied by GA and sex as expected. The percentage of observations falling below the 50th percentile for cross-sectional curves (revealing optimal growth) was generally much higher than for longitudinal curves (revealing actual growth).

CONCLUSIONS:

These new longitudinal curves provide clinicians data on how premature infants’ body proportionality changes over time.
Invariância de medida e evidências de validade externa da Peer Aggressive Behavior Scale (PAB-S)
Authors: Borsa Juliane Callegaro , DeSousa Diogo Araujo
Published: August 2018

Os comportamentos agressivos são comuns na infância, o que exige o uso de instrumentos adequados para mensurá-los. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a invariância de medida da Peer Aggressive Behavior Scale (PAB-S) e investigar evidências de validade baseadas na relação com variáveis externas. Participaram 237 cuidadores (M = 38,5; DP = 7,02; 70,6% mães) e 1.370 crianças,com idades entre 7 e 13 anos (M = 9,87; DP = 1,28; 53,1% meninas), estudantes de escolas de ensino fundamental de três estados brasileiros. A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória Multigrupo demonstrou invariância configural escalar e métrica da PAB-S. Já a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais indicou evidências de validade concorrente e convergente. Os resultados apontam para as adequadas propriedades psicométricas da PAB-S, sugerindo sua adequação para uso no contexto brasileiro. Novos estudos deverão ser conduzidos para agregar outras evidências de validade e confiabilidade da PAB-S.
The acute effects of repeated static apnea on aerobic power
Authors: Yıldız M.
Published: August 2018

Purpose: Apnea exercises cause a rise in hematocrit, erythropoietin, hemoglobin concentration, lung volume and oxygen store in muscle and blood, and a decrease in blood acidosis and oxidative stress. These types of physiological changes that occur in the body result in developments in both time to exhaustion and V02max. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the acute effect of repeated static apneas on aerobic power. Material: Twenty physically active male university students (age:22.80±3.84 year, height:177.40±7.49 cm and weight:68.20±8.72 kg) volunteered to participate in the current study. They were divided as the static apnea and control groups randomly. The static group performed multistage exercise treadmill test to exhaustion (maximal aerobic power) after three maximal apneas with 2-min interval in sitting position. The control group performed only the maximal aerobic power test without apnea. Their maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max), gas exchange rate (RER), heart beat rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) values were measured during maximal aerobic test. Their hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) values were measured before and immediately after the apnea for both groups. Results: There were no significant differences found between the control and static apnea groups for Vo2max, HR, Hb and Hct. However, RPE values measured after the static apnea were lower (17.55±0.51) than the control (18.75±0.62). Conclusions: The repeated static apneas immediately prior the maximal aerobic effort cannot increase aerobic power in untrained breath hold participants. However, the lower RPE after static apnea may be used as an ergogenic effect.
SPECIES COMPOSITION OF FISH FAUNA IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF QUANG NGAI PROVINCE
Authors: Thao Le Thi Thu , Quang Vo Van , Vu Nguyen Phi Uy
Published: August 2018

Three surveys were carried out in May, August and December 2014 at 7 sampling location to determine species composition of fish fauna in the coastal waters of Quang Ngai province (the Central Vietnam). A total number of 178 species of fishes were identified belonging to 125 genera, 68 families and 13 orders. Analysis of community structure of fish fauna showed that Perciformes order was the most popular, making up 71.9%; Tetraodontiformes (8.4%); Pleuronectiformes (5.6%). Serranidae family was the most abundant with 14 species, making up 7.9% of the total number of species; Carangidae: 12 species (6.7%); Lutjanidae, Gobiidae had the same number of species with 9 species (5.1%); Scombridae: 7 species (3.9%); Soleidae: 6 species (3.4%); Haemulidae, Mullidae, Tetraodontidae: 5 species (2.8%);... Cluster analysing based on the Bray-Curtis similarity index of nine fish faunas (Thai Binh, Son Tra, Thu Bon, Quang Nam, Nha Phu-Binh Cang, Ben Tre and Tra Vinh) showed that fish composition of the coastal estuaries of Tra Vinh and Ben Tre had the highest similarity (80%), subsequently fish fauna of Quang Ngai had similarity with that of Nha Phu-Binh Cang (39%), Quang Ngai and Quang Nam (42%), Quang Nam and Nha Phu-Binh Cang (41%), Quang Nam and Son Tra (38%), Thai Binh and Ben Tre (37%), Quang Ngai and Son Tra (36%). The result was also classified into two distinct groups of 7 fish faunas: Group 1-Tra Vinh, Ben Tre and Thai Binh; group 2-Quang Ngai, Quang Nam, Nha Phu-Binh Cang and Son Tra. The species richness (Margalef’s index) of Quang Ngai (34.2) was less abundant than other areas, the highest species richness belonged to Tra Vinh (38.2), Thai Binh (38.0), Quang Nam (37.8), Nha Phu-Binh Cang (35.1), Son Tra (30.9), Ben Tre (29.4). The diversity of species composition according to the level taxa in each region showed the characteristic of each fish fauna.
Polymers for stabilisation of Wahiba dune sands, Oman
Authors: Mohamedzein Yahia , Al-Hashmi Abdulaziz , Al-Abri Aisha , Al-Shereiqi Amira
Published: August 2018

Dune sands are problematic soils because they have low shear strength and are susceptible to collapse on wetting. In the work reported in this paper, polymers in different concentrations from 1 to 3% were used to improve the engineering properties of dune sands. The sand–polymer mixtures were allowed to cure for 7 to 28 d. Laboratory analyses such as compaction tests, unconfined compression tests, unconsolidated undrained (UU) triaxial tests, consolidated undrained triaxial tests, chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out to measure the engineering properties of the stabilised material. The results showed that the strength substantially increased with an increase in polymer content. For 3% polymer addition, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the stabilised sand was about 4370 kPa. The UCS of a sand stabilised with 2% polymer was similar to that of sands stabilised with 12% cement and with 40% of cement-by-pass dust. The results of UU testing showed that the stabilised sand exhibited cohesion values of up to 990 kPa. The addition of polymer also increased the stiffness and the dilatant properties of the sand. The results of XRD and SEM indicated that the polymer filled the voids between the sand particles and thus improved the shear strength of the mixture.
High-temperature mechanical properties of calcium sulfate whisker-reinforced high-alumina cement
Authors: Cheng Xiaowei , Dong Qingguang , Li Zaoyuan , Guo Xiaoyang
Published: August 2018

Brittleness and low flexural or tensile strength limit the applications of calcium aluminate cement (CAC)-based composites in high-temperature oil or gas well cementing. The reinforcement of the CAC with whiskers substantially enhances its strength and toughness and is a sophisticated approach to overcome the mechanical limitations of the CAC. In this study, the effect of calcium sulfate whiskers (CSWs) on the mechanical properties of the CAC-based composites was investigated; six cement specimens, with whisker contents of 0–5%, were prepared and tested. The results exhibited an improvement in the compressive and tensile strengths and the toughness of the whisker-reinforced samples over the control samples. The compressive strength of the samples cured at 50°C and then subjected to high temperature (500°C) increased by 25·93% at 14 d and the tensile strength increased by 93·63% with the addition of 4% CSW to the cement. The cement slurry properties were stable when 0–5% of CSWs was added. Finally, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the phase compositions and micromorphology of the cement composites. The results indicated that the CSWs improved the toughness of the cement binders by forming a stable phase and deflecting cracks in the cement matrix.
A generic and practical wave overtopping model that includes uncertainty
Authors: Pullen Tim , Liu Ye , Otinar Morillas Pedro , Wyncoll David , Malde Sajni , Gouldby Ben
Published: August 2018

Mean wave overtopping discharge is generally accepted to be a primary design criterion for assessing the performance of coastal structures. It is a boundary condition for many coastal flood risk assessments. Modern methods for assessing wave overtopping discharges and their consequences are well documented and reported. Among the various tools available for assessing wave overtopping, the use of artificial neural networks has become increasingly popular. This paper introduces the next stage in the development of these models. Using the same source data, the new generic meta-modelling overtopping model reduces uncertainties and gives clear guidance on the range and validity of the outputs.
Podocyte-Specific Induction of Krüppel-Like Factor 15 Restores Differentiation Markers and Attenuates Kidney Injury in Proteinuric Kidney Disease
Authors: Guo Yiqing , Pace Jesse , Li Zhengzhe , Ma’ayan Avi , Wang Zichen , Revelo Monica P. , Chen Edward , Gu Xiangchen , Attalah Ahmed , Yang Yaqi , Estrada Chelsea , Yang Vincent W. , He John C. , Mallipattu Sandeep K.
Published: August 2018

Background

Podocyte injury is the hallmark of proteinuric kidney diseases, such as FSGS and minimal change disease, and destabilization of the podocyte’s actin cytoskeleton contributes to podocyte dysfunction in many of these conditions. Although agents, such as glucocorticoids and cyclosporin, stabilize the actin cytoskeleton, systemic toxicity hinders chronic use. We previously showed that loss of the kidney-enriched zinc finger transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) increases susceptibility to proteinuric kidney disease and attenuates the salutary effects of retinoic acid and glucocorticoids in the podocyte.

Methods

We induced podocyte-specific KLF15 in two proteinuric murine models, HIV-1 transgenic (Tg26) mice and adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy, and used RNA sequencing of isolated glomeruli and subsequent enrichment analysis to investigate pathways mediated by podocyte-specific KLF15 in Tg26 mice. We also explored in cultured human podocytes the potential mediating role of Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1), a transcription factor critical for podocyte differentiation.

Results

In Tg26 mice, inducing podocyte-specific KLF15 attenuated podocyte injury, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and inflammation, while improving renal function and overall survival; it also attenuated podocyte injury in ADR-treated mice. Enrichment analysis of RNA sequencing from the Tg26 mouse model shows that KLF15 induction activates pathways involved in stabilization of actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, and podocyte differentiation. Transcription factor enrichment analysis, with further experimental validation, suggests that KLF15 activity is in part mediated by WT1.

Conclusions

Inducing podocyte-specific KLF15 attenuates kidney injury by directly and indirectly upregulating genes critical for podocyte differentiation, suggesting that KLF15 induction might be a potential strategy for treating proteinuric kidney disease.
“Caminos no para llegar sino para seguir andando”: una investigación poscualitativa sobre la psicología crítica en el capitalismo cognitivo
Authors: Moreno Fabio Giovanni , Peralta María Claudia
Published: August 2018

Introducción: se planteó una investigación de tipo autorreferencial y poscualitativo con el fin de pensar la situación actual de los profesores-investigadores en la universidad, dentro del contexto global del capitalismo cognitivo y con énfasis en las posturas que han asumido un conjunto de psicólogos críticos que hubiesen sido docentes-investigadores en facultades de psicología en Colombia.Objetivo: reconocer sentidos ambivalentes o contradictorios y plantear nuevos sentidos o sentidos emergentes acerca de la psicología crítica en Colombia, así como del rol emergente del docente-investigador en la universidad actual por medio de una orientación metodológica poscualitativa.Método: pensar, a través de dos conceptos (diferancia y diseminación), un conjunto de autobiografías de cuatro participantes enfocadas en su desarrollo personal como psicólogos críticos y docentesinvestigadores.Resultado: entre los materiales y la teorización realizada se encuentra que la psicología crítica se configura hoy más en una transdisciplina que en una rama o un enfoque de la psicología. La adscripción de los participantes a la psicología crítica es discontinua, es decir, cuando sucede se asocia con más fuerza a una retórica académica, a un interés más institucional y laboral que a uno puramente epistemológico o teórico. La repercusión del capitalismo académico en las facultades de psicología y en los roles actuales de la docencia y la investigación parece ser más perjudicial en términos de la calidad académica y para el bienestar de los profesores; sin embargo, parece existir también una tolerancia y un silencio acerca de estas repercusiones por parte de los docentes-investigadores.
Perfeccionismo y autoestima en estudiantes universitarios argentinos
Authors: Helguera Gisela Paola , Oros Laura Beatriz
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: explorar en qué medida se relacionan el perfeccionismo y la autoestima en estudiantes universitarios argentinos.Metodología: trescientos cuarenta y un sujetos respondieron la Almost Perfect Scale-Revised y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg.Resultados: los resultados mostraron una relación significativa, robusta y negativa entre la autoestima y la discrepancia perfeccionista (r = -0,53; p < 0,001), y débil pero significativa entre la autoestima y los altos estándares (r = 0,19; p < 0,001). Asimismo, se observaron diferencias significativas (F (2,145) = 11,89; p < 0,001; η2p = 0,14) en la autoestima de los perfeccionistas adaptativos, en comparación con la de los perfeccionistas desadaptativos y los no perfeccionistas; los perfeccionistas adaptativos alcanzaron puntuaciones más altas que los otros dos grupos.Conclusiones: se permitió establecer que, en consonancia con lo encontrado en estudios anteriores, las dimensiones del perfeccionismo se relacionan diferencialmente con la autoestima, de manera que es la discrepancia la característica que induce la mayor cantidad de variancia explicada. La importancia práctica de los resultados obtenidos justifica la incorporación de estrategias psicoeducativas para reducir el perfeccionismo disfuncional y fomentar el adaptativo en cualquier programa que tenga como objetivo la promoción de la autoestima en estudiantes universitarios argentinos.
Estudio de caso diagnosticado como desorden obsesivo compulsivo desde el análisis contingencial
Authors: Rodríguez-Campuzano María Lourdes
Published: August 2018

Introducción: en este trabajo se presenta un estudio de caso de un comportamiento diagnosticado como trastorno obsesivo compulsivo.Metodología: el caso se analiza y se trata con una metodología surgida de la aproximación interconductual que se denomina “análisis contingencial”. Se ilustra la aplicación de la metodología al presentar el análisis de dos dimensiones básicas para este propósito: microcontingencial y macrocontingencial. Se describen algunos aspectos importantes de la génesis de este comportamiento, así como el análisis de las soluciones seleccionadas. Igualmente, se presentan los objetivos de intervención y las técnicas empleadas.Resultados: como resultado de la intervención se obtuvieron cambios en el comportamiento de la usuaria del servicio (quien era la madre de la persona diagnosticada con el trastorno y del hijo diagnosticado de esta manera).Conclusiones: se detallan las ventajas de abordar un estudio de caso con la metodología del análisis contingencial.