bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishing Technical Security ⁽Trusting The Body⁾
Authors: Miller Richard
Published: November 2023

Some singers confidently look forward to performance, whereas others experience stress as curtain time draws near. Performance nerves are seldom isolated occurrences. A healthy, technically secure singer, when publicly performing literature appropriate to his voice and to his communicative abilities, experiences excitation but rarely undergoes preperformance anxiety. He has dependable technical and emotional anchors at his disposal (see “Dealing with Performance Anxiety” in chapter 17). Ill health seriously affects the quality of any singing instrument. When a singer is ill and his body cannot respond to what he has systematically ingrained, he has every reason to feel anxious. One of the most difficult decisions a singer has to make is whether his physical condition will permit him to accomplish what he so well knows how to do. Especially in European theaters, it is customary to meet the commitment if possible, with a notice posted that, despite indisposition, the artist will go ahead. The better-than-expected performance that sometimes takes place when illness is publicly announced is probably because part of normal performance pressure has been reduced. In a similar vein, a recitalist often begins to turn in a stellar performance after the occurrence of his first text flub or rhythmic error. The stress for perfection has been reduced. In any event, most singers tend to rank the audience expectancy level beyond what in reality is the case.
Developing An Individual Tonal Concept
Authors: Miller Richard
Published: November 2023

The attributes of beautiful singing never happen willy-nilly. They are universally identifiable and they are teachable and learn-able. Freedom of the imagination depends on the stability of a singer’s tonal concept. It is essential to renew the exploratory, interpretive spirit at each performance. Technical problems should be dealt with long in advance, so that during performance the imagination may be channeled to communication (see chapter 17). A complete tonal concept remains elusive for some singers, at times even for those who have achieved occasional notable successes. Some performers are inconsistent about retaining a reliable ideal sound. What went well in the coaching lesson and in the practice room remains shrouded in mystery; one performance may be satisfactory, the next less so. By insistence on the well-coordinated sound, am I recommending that there be only a single color for the voice? Of course not! How can the drama be enacted unless one varies the interpretation? However, the wise singer adheres to a principle enunciated by great technician and interpreter Alfredo Kraus: “Never let the text or the drama rob you of the beauty of your voice.”
Choosing Audition Material
Authors: Miller Richard
Published: November 2023

Judges would rather hear a modest aria sung with finesse and skill than watch and listen to a singer fight his way through a heavier selection. Lyric voices ought not to present dramatic arias that contain high demands on stamina, sustained passaggio work, and dramatic dynamics. Better by far that the young baritone present “Aprite un po’” rather than “Cortigiani.” Singers tell their teachers, “But it’s the big voices that win the competitions.” On the contrary, it is the singer who selects appropriate material, who handles it well, and who presents it with conviction who is chosen. For an audition, it is unwise to choose a lengthy aria, unless the item has been specifically requested. Be certain to sing your best item first. Do not save it for another round (which may never come). Most judges make up their minds about talent and potential during the first thirty to sixty seconds of singing. Generally, the singer will be permitted to choose his own first aria; the adjudicators may then select one or two others. At callbacks, the singer is usually asked for something other than his first-round choice. Because contrasting material will allow the judges to evaluate vocal prowess more fully, something bravura and something of a cavatina nature should be among the available choices.
Verdi
Authors: Budden Julian
Published: November 2023

In this third edition of the classic Verdi, renowned authority Julian Budden offers a comprehensive overview of Verdi the man and the artist, tracing his ascent from humble beginnings to the status of a cultural patriarch of the new Italy, whose cause he had done much to promote, and demonstrating the gradual enlargement over the years of his artistic vision. This concise study is an accessible, insightful, and engaging summation of Verdi scholarship, acquainting the non-specialist with the personal details Verdi's life, with the operatic world in which he worked, and with his political ideas, his intellectual vision, and his powerful means of communicating them through his music. In his survey of the music itself, Budden emphasizes the unique character of each work as well as the developing sophistication of Verdi's style. He covers all of the operas, the late religious works, the songs, and the string quartet. A glossary explains even the most obscure operatic terms current in Verdi's time.
The Limits of Analysis and he Need for History
Authors: Goehr Lydia
Published: November 2023

It would be mistaken to assume that the use of the analytic method is identical in ever}/ theory of musical works, just as it would be mistaken were I to suggest that its particular use could easily be extracted from any theory. To further complicate matters, many principles and procedures of the method are taken on board without renewed consideration. Not every use of a principle can be justified in each and every piece of writing; there are always presuppositions. Still, there is something hidden in the method that forecloses the possibility of accounting satisfactorily for musical works. This chapter is devoted to describing what it is.
The Central Claim
Authors: Goehr Lydia
Published: November 2023

How does musical practice operate and how does the work-concept operate within it? The purpose of this chapter is to identify the philosophical content of the claim that the work-concept began to regulate a practice at a particular point in time. One way to do this is to investigate matters with an eye not just to ontological puzzles, but also to how a practice lives and survives—for indeed it does—without explicit understanding of its ontological structure. This change in emphasis involves stepping in all kinds of new directions, new at least to those who have been predominantly interested in analysis.
Musical Meaning: Romantic Transcendence and the Separability Principle
Authors: Goehr Lydia
Published: November 2023

There is a twist in the tale as to how music achieved its emancipation from the extra-musical and how it simultaneously found its new emphasis to be placed on works. Though for centuries musicians sought a status specifically for instrumental music dictated by external—religious and moral—principles, so that this music could be allied to other practices intrinsically embodying those principles, it achieved its respectable status only when it became emancipated.
Werktreue: Confirmation and Challenge in Contemporary Movements
Authors: Goehr Lydia
Published: November 2023

This chapter weaves remaining threads together, but it does not reach a final conclusion. It is designed to leave readers sharing its author’s sense of wonder at how human practices come to be, succeed in being, and continue to be regulated by one set of ideals rather than another. Wonder can increase rather than be diminished despite a philosophical and historical understanding of these ideals. Often such understanding accentuates while it explains the peculiarity of human practices; hence, the limits of explanation. In the end I hope to leave readers with the specific feeling that speaking about music in terms of works is neither an obvious nor a necessary mode of speech, despite the lack of ability we presently seem to have to speak about music in any other way.
Introduction
Authors: Pasler Jann
Published: November 2023

My mother had a special touch for Debussy and Chopin, and I would lie under the instrument, listening to her play for hours. My father liked to crank Russian music as loud as we could tolerate through theater-sized McIntosh speakers. I still remember dancing around the room to the Firebird suite and Peter and the Wolf. Listening was exhilarating and acutely sensual, whether the delicate arabesques of the piano or the powerful, all-enveloping universe of the orchestra. Of course, I played piano as soon as they would let me, later becoming a serious interpreter of twentieth-century repertoire. But growing up in post-Sputnik America, I learned to view music as secondary to more substantial pursuits, and so, in college, I majored in math.
1.Narrative and Narratively in Music
Authors: Pasler Jann
Published: November 2023

Beginning in the 1980s, the number of contemporary operas increased dramatically by comparison with the rest of the twentieth century, and the diversity of styles ranges across the entire field of musical thought. For example, with Donne stag as Light in 1981, Stockhausen began a series of seven operas, one for each day of the week. Two years later Messene finished his first opera, Saint François daisies. Philip Glass completed two operas, Satyagraha in 1980 and Akhenaten in 1984. In 1986 the English National Opera premiered the second of Harrison Birtwistle’s three operas, The Mask of Orpheus. The Frankfurt Opera mounted John Cage’s first two operas European I and II in 1987. Operas by many other well-known composers followed: Jacob Rickman (1982), Bernard Rends (1985), George Rothberg (1986), and Morton Subtonic. To celebrate their tenth anniversary in 1987, the Centre Georges Pompidou and the musical research center IRCAM (Institute de Recherché et Coordination Acoustique/Mosque) in Paris commissioned a video opera from the young American Todd Mach over. What is behind this renewed interest in a genre that fell into disrepute for much of this century? Is it simply opera’s commercial appeal, or the fame it brings, or does opera fill a need, felt by both composers and audiences, created by the difficulty of comprehending much con- temporary music?
Beckett, McLuhan, and Television: The Medium, the Message, and “the Mess”
Authors: Ben-Zvi Linda
Published: November 2023

Sociologist manuel castells’s sweeping three-volume study, The Information Age, begins with the assertion: “Our societies are increasingly structured around the bipolar opposition of the Net and the Self” (1: 3). The Net, a term covering the ever-expanding networked communication media, he defines as fluid and constantly changing, while the Self is in a constant search for some fixity or surety now that primary markers of identity—sexual, religious, ethnic, territorial—are no longer clearly delineated or self-evident.
Anatomy and Physiology of Pain-sensitive Cranial Structures
Authors: Messlinger Karl , Strassman, Andrew M , Burstein Rami
Published: November 2023

The dura mater encephali is innervated by sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nerve fibers. Cell somas of meningeal afferents supplying the medial meningeal artery are located predominantly within the ophthalmic division (V1) of the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion and, to a minor extent, within the maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3) divisions (Mayberg et al., 1984). Cell somas of meningeal afferents supplying the middle cranial fossa are found mainly in V3 (Steiger et al., 1982). Cell somas of meningeal afferents supplying basal intracranial arteries as well as the superior sagittal sinus are found not only in the trigeminal ganglion but also in the first and second cervical root ganglia (Arbab et al., 1986; Liu et al., 2004). Cell somas of sympathetic fibers are found predominantly in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion (Edvinsson and Uddman, 1981; Keller et al., 1989; Uddman et al., 1989). Cell somas of parasympathetic fibers are found in the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia and in ganglia associated with the internal carotid artery (Amenta et al., 1980; Edvinsson and Uddman, 1981; Edvinsson et al., 1989; Suzuki et al., 1989; Hardebo et al., 1991; Suzuki and Hardebo, 1991). Anatomical classification of nerve fibers in dural and pial blood vessels is based on their peptidergic content (Liu-Chen et al., 1986; Edvinsson et al., 1988, 1989; von During et al., 1990; Keller and Marfurt, 1991).
Chronic Daily Headache Including Transformed Migrane, Chronic Tension-type Headache, and Medication Overuse Headache
Authors: Silberstein Stephen D , Lipton, Richard B , Saper Joel R
Published: November 2023

Chronic daily headache (CDH) is an umbrella term for headache disorders that occur very frequently. Although the classification remains intensely debated, the consensus is that the term CDH refers to headache disorders, including headaches associated with medication overuse, which are experienced 15 or more days a month.
Headache Associated with Abnormalities in Intracranial Structure or Function: Highcerebrospinalfluid-pressure Headache and Brain Tumor
Authors: Friedman Deborah I , Wall, Michael , Silberstein Stephen D
Published: November 2023

Headache is one of the most common clinical manifestations of altered intracranial pressure (ICP). Any disruption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, flow, or absorption may lead to alterations in ICP and produce headaches. Severe headaches may accompany conditions of high or low ICP, which may be iatrogenic or pathological in origin. Some disorders produce unique symptoms that aid in their diagnosis, for example, the cough headache associated with hindbrain abnormalities such as Chiari malformations. The International Headache Society (IHS) (Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society, 2004) classifies these disorders as “Headache associated with nonvascular intracranial disorder” (Table 18–1). Patients may have worsening of a preexisting headache or may develop a new form of headache (including migraine, tension-type headache, or cluster headache) in close temporal relationship to a nonvascular intracranial disorder. Causality is not necessarily implied.
Infectious, Toxix, and Metabolic Headaches
Authors: Gladstone Jonathan P , Bigal Marcelo E
Published: November 2023

The headache disorders are divided into two broad categories by the second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-2), primary and secondary headache disorders (Headache Classification Committee, 2004). Secondary headaches are attributed to another condition such as brain tumor or head injury; for the primary disorders, the headache is not because of another condition. The classification of all secondary headaches follows the same format: A secondary disorder known to be able to cause headache has been demonstrated; Headache occurs in close temporal relation to the secondary disorder and/or there is other evidence of a causal relationship; Headache is greatly reduced or disappears within a specific time frame (usually 3 months, but this may be shorter for some disorders) after successful treatment or spontaneous remission of the causative disorder.
Cranial Neuralgias and Other Causes of Facial Pain
Authors: Rozen Todd D , Capobianco David J
Published: November 2023

Trigeminal neuralgia is a distinctive, painful disorder of the face that is easily evoked by trivial stimuli and undergoes a relapsing, remitting course. There are approximately 15,000 new cases of trigeminal neuralgia per year. It is a disorder of the elderly, and often cause severe disability. It is characterized by brief electric shock-like pain and is limited to one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Patients who have experienced this disorder are often fearful that, while in a pain remission period, the attacks will recur. Trigeminal neuralgia can be treated both medically and surgically. The epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, and pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia will be reviewed, and a stepwise approach to treatment will be discussed.
Communication in the Care of the Headache Patient
Authors: Hahn Steven R
Published: November 2023

The Importance of Communication Skills Communication skills are an acknowledged core competency of medicine. All physicians and healthcare providers need to be and feel competent in talking with patients in order to function. Although this truth has always been evident, it has only been in the last decades that a robust pedagogy on medical communication has developed, accompanied by empirical research on the determinants of effective communication, and the allocation of sufficient curricular hours in undergraduate medical education. Milestones in the evolution of concern about effective communication were reached when medical licensure and specialty certification procedures made a commitment to evaluating this competency with performance-based assessment of communication skills using structured evaluation criteria (Duffy et al., 2004). The use of the most rigorous evaluation methodologies (encounters with standardized patients using structured evaluations), for highstakes certification exams is a process that is still in its infancy.
Haydn’s Chaos and Herder’s Logos
Authors: Kramer Richard
Published: November 2023

The itch that provokes the ideas that follow is lodged in some music that trembles between worlds, between aesthetics, balancing at the abyss between reason and the irrational, between chaos and coherence. It is not music that encourages those grand taxonomies from which we historians can’t seem ever to shake free. In these two chapters, I revisit three very famous works, composed within five years of one another by two composers—teacher and pupil: privately, and in the public arena of professional interaction—who bring to the problem of improvisation two very different aesthetic attitudes.
Beethoven and the Romance of Creation
Authors: Kramer Richard
Published: November 2023

Interior Beethoven: the familiar trope pictures the inner reaches of the creative mind at play—the ultimate creative mind, in a version of the Romantic legend. What can we glean from the disparate, often chaotic evidence that survives of this process? How might the frail and imaginary constructs that we piece together from the traces of this fitful process be heard to imprint themselves as emblems of meaning in the work that finally emerges? With Beethoven, this is not a simple inquiry.
Cadenza Contra Text: Mozart in Beethoven’s Hands
Authors: Kramer Richard
Published: November 2023

Mocking the uneasy composure of Mozart’s Concerto in D Minor through a diction and a posture alien to Mozart, the cadenza (ex. 9.1) threatens to dismember its host. The tunes are Mozart’s, but the touch, the rhetoric, is emphatically Beethoven’s. Manifesto-like, these opening measures insinuate themselves into the concerto, infiltrating the text.

Frequently played, Beethoven’s cadenzas (there is one for the finale as well) have entered the repertory in their own right. They follow ineluctably from the cadential six-four, feigning continuation of Mozart’s text.
Reliquie
Authors: Kramer Richard
Published: November 2023

We return once again to Friedrich Schlegel, whose poetry Schubert much admired, even as it set him daunting aesthetic puzzles that his music could not always solve. Of his writings on literature and art, the most frequently cited are the briefest: the aphorisms contained in the “Athenäums-Fragmente.” Taken all together, they adumbrate a theory, not of course in any systematic, expository mode, but in the cumulative experience of the apparently isolated thought, one after another, each brilliantly obscure, and it is only on reflection that Schlegel’s journey of the mind unwraps its thematic congeries.
“Magic White Coats”: Forms of Denial and Other Internal Obstacles to Becoming a Patient
Authors: Klitzman Robert
Published: November 2023

“We doctors wear magic white coats,” Dan said. A middle-aged oncologist, he had metastases (spread of cancer from one place in the body to another) in his chest. “We destroy disease all the time,” he explained. “How could it ever attack us?” His comment amazed me, but was hardly unique.
Theravāda Metaphysics and Ontology Kaccānagotta (Sa yutta-nikāya) and Abhidhammatthasa gaha
Authors: Ronkin Noa
Published: November 2023

Although early Buddhism cannot be reduced to a systematic philosophy, what lies at its heart, according to its own understanding of the matter, is Dharma (Pali Dhamma). In Indian thought, Dharma is the truth about the world: the underlying nature of things, the way things are in reality. One might say, therefore, that at the heart of Buddhism lies a metaphysical Truth.
Sensation, Inference, and Language: Dignāga’s Pramā asamuccaya
Authors: Hayes Richard
Published: November 2023

Dignāga probably flourished in the early decades of the sixth century C.E. Numerous works on various aspects of Buddhist theory are attributed to him. All the excerpts here are taken from a work called Pramā asamuccaya (PS; Collection of writings on sources of knowledge). This work is made up of six chapters. The first is on sensation, the second, third, and fourth on inference and argumentation, the fifth on the nature of language, and the sixth on various fallacies and mistakes in reasoning or presentation of an argument.
Language and the Ultimate: Do Mādhyamikas Make Philosophical Claims? A Selection from Khedrupjey’s Stong thun chen mo (Great Digest)
Authors: Cabezón José Ignacio
Published: November 2023

Madhyamaka (or Middle-Way) philosophy—one among the four major schools of Indian Buddhist philosophy, according to the Tibetan tradition— became one of the most influential philosophical views in the history of Buddhism. But Madhyamaka, the “theory of emptiness,” is not a uniform and homogeneous tradition. Over the centuries, different interpretations of Madhyamaka arose, and both Indian and Tibetan scholars debated the Madhyamaka’s most fundamental tenets.
Zongmi’s Yuanren lun (Inquiry into the Origin of the Human Condition) The Hermeneutics of Doctrinal Classification
Authors: Gregory Peter N
Published: November 2023

This selection translates the second and third sections of Inquiry into the Origin of the Human Condition (Yuanren lun) (in four sections), by the Huayan and Chan scholar Gueifeng Zongmi (780–841). Zongmi’s essay exemplifies one of the most characteristic hermeneutical strategies devised by Chinese Buddhists, known as “doctrinal classification” (panjiao). It presents a systematic classification of the Buddha’s teachings within the framework of two of the most influential traditions of Chinese Buddhism, Huayan and Chan.
The Approach to Knowledge and Truth in the Theravāda Record of the Discourses of the Buddha
Authors: Harvey Peter
Published: November 2023

Theravāda traditions regard the teachings attributed to the Buddha as authoritative guides to the nature of reality and the best way to live, based on the vast, meditation-based knowledge of a spiritually “awakened” being. Such teachings are not to be simply accepted, though, but used, investigated, and, as far as is possible for a particular individual, confirmed in experience. As such, it can be said that the Buddha is a kind of experientialist or empiricist, as opposed to one who relies solely on revelation or trust in reasoning alone.
The Role of Knowledge of Causation in Dharmakīrti’s Theory of Inference The Pramā a-vārttika
Authors: Gillon Brendan S
Published: November 2023

Dharmakīrti, a Buddhist thinker who lived in the seventh century C.E., composed a number of works addressing issues pertaining to perception and inference. His principal work, Pramā a-vā rttika, consists of four chapters, each written in verse. One chapter, entitled svā rtha-anumāna (Inference for oneself), was supplemented by him with a prose commentary. An excerpt from this chapter is translated here. In it Dharmakīrti takes up the questions of how knowledge of the causation relation guarantees knowledge of a universal, categorical statement and of how one comes to know that the causation relation obtains.
Yogācāra Theories of the Components of Perception The Buddhabhūmy-upadésa
Authors: Lusthaus Dan
Published: November 2023

What does the world look like through enlightened eyes? How, if at all, does perception for enlightened beings differ from the way nonenlightened beings perceive? These would seem to be natural questions, especially considering the prominent emphasis Buddhists place on such themes as mental purification, correcting cognitive errors, theories of perception, “seeing things as they are” (yathā -bhū tam), and so on. Thus it is surprising that detailed and specific discussions of how enlightened beings perceive almost never appear in Buddhist literature, aside from attributing vague, honorific adjectives to such cognitions, such as labeling them “transmundane” (lokuttara), pure, unobstructed, and so on. The section of the Buddhabhū my-upadeśa translated here is a major exception.
Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakósa: The Critique of the Pudgalavādins’ Theory of Persons
Authors: Duerlinger James
Published: November 2023

“Refutation of the Theory of a Self” was composed by the Indian Buddhist philosopher known as Vasubandhu (c. fourth/fifth century C.E.). The “Refutation,” which Vasubandhu placed at the end of his encyclopedic Abhidharmakośa, contains a classic statement of the Buddhist theory of the selflessness of persons.
Candrakīrti’s Madhyamakāvatārabhā ya 6.86–97: A Madhyamaka Critique of Vijñānavāda Views of Consciousness
Authors: Huntington C W
Published: November 2023

Candrakīrti (c. 600–650) is one of the most highly regarded Indian Buddhist philosophers. Within the Tibetan tradition, Candrakīrti’s understanding of Madhyamaka is considered authoritative, and the Madhyamakāvatāra, or Entry into the Middle Way, is routinely consulted as the definitive introduction to his ideas. In conformity with the mnemonic form of classical Sanskrit philosophical literature, the basic text of the Madhyamakāvatāra is composed in a series of metered verses (kārikā-s); each of these aphoristic verses is then accompanied by a commentary (bhās.ya) that unpacks its meaning in the larger context of the whole. This format is reflected in the excerpt I have translated here.
Zhiyi’s Great Calming and Contemplation “Contemplating Mental Activity as the Inconceivable Realm”
Authors: Kantor Hans-Rudolf
Published: November 2023

The following is a summary and interpretation of a selection from the Tiantai classic Great Calming and Contemplationattributed to Zhiyi (538–597). This is a foundational Tiantai scripture that outlines the school’s doctrinal core and addresses the “ten modes of contemplation.” Since the first mode includes the other nine, it is considered the most important and fundamental. The section expounding this mode, translated here, is called “Contemplating Mental Activity as the Inconceivable Realm.” It explicitly reflects Zhiyi’s ideas on mental activity in light of the other crucial doctrines in Tiantai teaching.
The Bodhisattva Path śāntideva’s Bodhicaryāvatāra
Authors: Edelglass William
Published: November 2023

śāntideva (c. seventh/eighth century) taught at Nālandā, the Buddhist university near present-day Patna, India, which, with 10,000 students and an eleven-story library, was for centuries one of the world’s principal institutions of higher learning. The Bodhicaryāvatāra (Introduction to the practice of the Bodhisattva) is said to have first been presented as a teaching by śāntideva to his fellow monks. It is a study of the cultivation of bodhicitta, the awakened—or awakening—mind. The Bodhicaryā vatāra functions as a guidebook to the bodhisattva path, the path to liberation from emotional and cognitive defilements that is motivated by great compassion (mahā karu ā), the altruistic aspiration to liberate all sentient beings from suffering, and facilitated by the perfection of wisdom (prajñāpā ramitā).
Starting at Johns Hopkins
Authors: Bliss Michael
Published: November 2023

At last! This was the most anticipated hospital opening in American history. It had been such a long time in the making. Baltimore’s millionaire merchant and financier, Johns Hopkins, had created a hospital trust twenty-two years earlier, in 1867. He died in 1873, leaving $3.5 million, a then fabulous sum, to finance the institution. The university that Hopkins had created at theI same time and with equal funding had opened its doors in 1876, but the hospital had seemed to take forever to build, not least because the trustees built it using only the income from their endowment. No borrowing, no entrenchment on principal. Like Hopkins himself, many of them were Quakers, men with an intense sense of stewardship.

They also had an extraordinary commitment to excellence. Johns Hopkins had been persuaded to donate his fortune to create the best possible university and hospital. Giving his trustees a site in 1873, he directed them to erect ‘a hospital which shall in construction and arrangement compare favorably with any other institution of like character in this country or in Europe.’
Nothing Personal
Authors: Munson Ronald
Published: November 2023

“Dr. Munson? May I speak to you a minute?”

She was tall and willowy and blonde. Perhaps in her late thirties, about my age at the time. She was quietly beautiful, with high cheekbones, a narrow face, and a softly rounded chin. Her eyes were the slate-blue color of the sky on a rainy summer day.

She wore a tailored gray suit that fit so perfectly she might have been modelling it. A black polished leather handbag hung from a strap over her shoulder, and her earrings were small cut stones with the deep red glow of rubies. She was the epitome of the impeccably, expensively turned out young executive. Even so, I found it easy to imagine her in jeans and a T-shirt with her honey colored hair tied back in a ribbon. Her natural style seemed casual and athletic, more Abercrombie than Brooks Brothers.

“Sure,” I said. “Have a seat.” I gestured toward the chair across from me at the small square table.
The Last Thing You Can Do for Him
Authors: Munson Ronald
Published: November 2023

I met Gail Landstone by arrangement at the botanical garden on a Wednesday afternoon in late April.

“Dr. Munson?” She was standing outside the tall wrought iron gates and took a step toward me.

“Are you Ms. Landstone?” I asked.

“Call me Gail.” Her voice was cat and dead, and she didn’t smile or extend her hand. “Ms. Landstone is what they call me at the hospital. I don’t care if I ever hear it again.”

“I hope I didn’t keep you waiting.” I was a few minutes early, but Gail seemed irritated.

“Not too long.” She switched a small embroidered bag from her right hand to her left. “I had to get away, even if it meant leaving Davy. I promised Margaret I’d meet you.”

She talked on without looking at me. “I don’t see what good you can do, though. Maybe you can tell the doctors that Davy’s not dead. That’s what they said this morning. But they can’t be sure of that, can they? Not really.”
Introduction
Authors: Thompson Gordon
Published: November 2023

On 11 January 1963, while mainstream American popular music slumbered in the comfort of predictable stars and assured cultural and industrial hegemony, something caught the ear of a London record reviewer. Keith Fordyce (1963: 4), in his weekly contribution to the musical trade paper the New Musical Express, commented on a new recording by a group that had first appeared on the charts during the previous fall. With the Beatles’ management promoting the release of “Please Please Me,” he critiqued the claim that this single would be “the record of the year.” Expressing disdain for the advertising and exhibiting well-founded skepticism, Fordyce comments that he has “just the slightest nagging doubt that, with fifty weeks of releases yet to come this year, it may prove to be a teensy weensy exaggeration!” He had good reason to doubt the hyperbole routinely sent to the paper by public relations offices. Could they really mean “the record of the year”? In Britain? In the world? He had heard it all before. Nevertheless, the disk did catch This is from Brian Epstein’s press release, written by Tony Barrow and Andrew Oldham, which appears in Lewisohn (1988: 25).
The New Negro Poet and the Nachal Man: Sterling Brown’s Folk Odyssey
Authors: Wright John S
Published: November 2023

In 1936, the year Sterling Brown and John Lomax joined forces supervising the collection of oral slave narratives for the Federal Writers’ Project (see Man- gione 257–63), Lomax and his son Alan published the first extended study of an American folksinger. That singer, one Walter Boyd, alias Huddie Ledbetter, alias “Leadbelly,” had been the self-proclaimed “King of the Twelve String Guitar Players of the World,” as well as the number one man in the number one gang on the number one convict farm in Texas. He had fought his way into prison and had sung his way to freedom, to fleeting fame, and to what would be a pauper’s death in Bellevue in 1949. A man of prodigious physical strength, emotional volatility, unpredictable violence, and indisputable creativity, un- schooled if not unassuming, he was shaped by record, film, and the printed page into the prototypic national image of the “folk Negro.” For the recording industry, his songs were a golden hedge against hard times. For the generation of newly professional folklorists that the Lomaxes represented, he was a “find” that helped buttress the assault of the Depression era folklore radical democrats against the old aristocratic folklore scholarship. For the thinkers and artists of the black world-within-a-world from which he came, however, Leadbelly made concrete an old enigma alternately energizing and embarrassing—and one left largely unplumbed by the outspokenly “folk conscious” New Negro movement of the twenties.
Teacher Talk
Authors: Nathan Amy
Published: November 2023

Andrea’s saxophone teacher “inspired” her to become a more expressive performer. “He helped me find the passion within myself to play, and showed me how to express that in the music. I didn’t know I could do that,” she says. “His encouragement brought me to places I never thought possible.” But sometimes things don’t go so well between student and teacher, or between student and conductor. Our troupe of teens and pros talk about what makes a good teacher, how to find one, how to get along with both teachers and conductors, and helpful strategies to use when things aren’t quite working out. “You need somebody to have faith in you, to make you believe you can do something fantastic,” remarks pro pianist Wu Han. She was only lukewarm about piano during her first years of taking lessons. Then, at age 13 something changed. She got a new teacher who turned her on to piano. “Before, I never had much confidence. This new teacher thought I was talented and put a lot of energy into teaching me. I worked very hard for her.”
Policing Public Opinion in the French Revolution
Authors: Walton Charles
Published: November 2023

In the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789, French revolutionaries proclaimed the freedom of speech, religion, and opinion. Censorship was abolished, and much like the early American Republic, France appeared to be on a path towards freedom, tolerance, and pluralism. Four years later, however, the country slid into a period of political terror. Thousands were indicted for speech crimes, many of whom were guillotined. The revolutionary government also set out to morally regenerate society, monitoring and engineering public opinion in ways scholars have characterized as totalitarian. Charles Walton traces the origins of this tragic reversal back to the Old Regime. He shows that early advocates of press freedom only sought to abolish pre-publication censorship. Most still believed that injurious speech -- or “calumny” -- was a criminal offense, even treasonous, if it undermined the honor of sovereign authority or collective moral values. In 1789, when institutions that had regulated honor and morality collapsed, calumny exploded, envenoming politics and society. Drawing on wide-ranging sources, from National Assembly debates to local police archives, Walton shows how relentless calumny and struggles to set legal and moral limits on free speech radicalized politics, leading to the brutal repression of “calumniators” and fanatical efforts to remake society’s moral foundation during the Terror of 1793-1794. In addition to advancing a bold, new interpretation of the origins of the Terror, Walton offers a groundbreaking approach to the study of the French Revolution. This moment of democratic transition -- when old punitive reactions based on social hierarchy and authoritarianism mixed with new liberal but vaguely defined principles -- was hampered by weak political legitimacy. The result: revolutionaries obsessed with securing honor, deference, and the moral restraint of the masses to shore up an abrupt regime change.
The Complete Collaborator
Authors: Katz Martin
Published: November 2023

Take more than forty years of partnering celebrated soloists in concerts all over the world, add nearly thirty years of teaching the art of accompanying, and you have the qualifications for such an audacious title as The Complete Collaborator. All the tools for understanding and executing first-class collaborative piano are here, paired with audio recordings of many of the musical examples performed by the author himself, along with two vocalists, on a companion website. The obvious topics: breathing, languages, flexibility, and creating a collaborative atmosphere are discussed at length, articulated clearly for the curious novice and proving beneficial even for the experienced professional. In addition, two significant chapters deal with orchestral accompaniment, reflecting today's requirements for any professional accompanist. Oft-neglected details such as beginning a piece together, telling stories with piano solos, tuning, and balance between the players are also covered herein. Dubbed the "Dean of Accompanists" by the Los Angeles Times, this teacher of sold-out masters' classes presents his material clearly and incisively, but always with the humor and wit for which he is known. Whether it be read by the curious novice, the amateur who wants to accompany as best he can, or the experienced professional seeking confirmation or a new look at the role of any partner, Martin Katz's The Complete Collaborator is all one needs.
More about Orchestral Playing
Authors: Katz Martin
Published: November 2023

Let us assume the homework on studying scores and listening to recordings has been done, the instrumentation has been marked on the pianist’s music, and, as always, the words have been translated. Our imagination has been ignited, we know which sounds we are intent on imitating—the time has come to sit at the piano and learn the piece in question. I would suggest now that the process for learning something for orchestra differs significantly from that of learning something originally written for piano. With a keyboard accompaniment, we know from the outset that we must play our part—every note of it—as written. Each of us has a different way of learning a piece—perhaps hands practiced separately, perhaps very slowly, perhaps not, perhaps inserting dotted rhythms, perhaps avoiding pedal at the outset … whatever. The process is not at all dissimilar to that of learning a piece for solo piano.
Agricultural Transformation of Southern Appalachia
Authors: Gragson Ted L , Bolstad Paul V , Welch-Devine Meredith
Published: November 2023

Humans impose patterns on the earth through purposeful as well as inadvertent land use, and these patterns affect local, regional, and global ecological processes. The effects ultimately influence the sustainability of biophysical and cultural landscapes, as well as the quality of life. The challenge is to understand biophysical and cultural landscapes as the result of integrated socioeconomic and ecological dynamics playing out across potentially vast scales of space, time, and organizational complexity (Levin, 1999; Turner, 1990; Vitousek et al., 1997). Certainly the intrinsic temporal rhythms and spatial arrangement of ecological systems bear the signature of human activities and institutions (Carpenter and Gunderson, 2001; Pyne, 1997; Scheffer et al., 2001; Turner et al., 2002). However, temporal rhythms and spatial arrangements of human activities and institutions are in turn shaped and influenced by the ecological systems in which they are embedded (Berkes and Folke, 1998; Cronon, 1983; Diamond, 1997; Dove and Kammen 1997; Ostrom et al., 1999). The reciprocal “imprinting” between socioeconomic and biophysical systems means that artificially separating landscapes into these two component systems will fail to improve understanding of the sustainability of either landscapes or the quality of life.
Agrarian Landscape Transition in the Flint Hills of Kansas Legacies and Resilience
Authors: Middendorf Gerad , Cline Derrick , Bloomquist Leonard
Published: November 2023

The Flint Hills of east-central Kansas contain the largest remaining area of unplowed tallgrass prairie in North America (about 1.6 million ha). What remains today is a small fraction of the estimated pre-European extent of the tallgrass prairie, which stretched over substantial portions of what is now Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, and the eastern edges of the Dakotas, Nebraska, and Kansas. Before European immigration into the area, the region was home to various Native American tribes, migrating buffalo, and other large ungulates that fed off the abundant grasses. The Native Americans depended on the buffalo as a means of sustenance, and recognized that management of the grasses ensured their return in the spring.
The Everyday Advocate
Authors: Booth Eric
Published: November 2023

Sounds like a bad bargain? Maybe you feel that way because complaining can feel so good, but it could also be that you share a popular, but somewhat distorted, view of advocacy. So let’s dispel some myths, clarifying your advocacy game and getting us all rolling toward a future with no need to complain. In this chapter, we will look at some of advocacy’s truths and tools; the next chapter will detail some of the strongest arguments out there. I believe teaching artists have a powerful role to play in advocacy. When I have had the opportunity to spend just a couple of days with teaching artists clarifying the challenges and opportunities, helping them take ownership of their individual way of advocating, they have invariably become among the most effective advocates I know. This chapter seeks to give you the framework you need to become a more effective agent of change.
When The Planet Rages
Authors: Officer Charles , Page Jake
Published: November 2023

In New England, 1816 was called the Year Without a Summer. Crops failed throughout America and, in Western Europe, it was even worse, with food riots and armed groups raiding bakeries and grain markets. All this turmoil followed a catastrophic volcanic eruption--a year earlier on the other side of the world--the eruption of Tambora, a blast heard almost a thousand miles away. In When the Planet Rages, Charles Officer and Jake Page describe some of the great events of environmental history, from calamities such as the Lisbon earthquake of 1755 (the greatest in recorded history) and the ice ages, to recent man-made disasters such as Chernobyl, acid rain, and the depletion of the ozone layer. Officer and Page provide fascinating discussions of meteorites and comets; of the demise of mammoths, mastodons, and dinosaurs; and of great floods that have swept the earth. But they also show that human activity can make trouble for nature, discussing the depletion of natural resources (we burn coal and oil at millions of times their natural rate of production), air pollution in Los Angeles and London (where the Killer Smog of 1952 caused the death of some four thousand people), and the pollution of major waterways, like the Chesapeake Bay and Lake Erie. For the paperback edition, the authors have included a new preface, have added material on the recent Sichuan, China earthquake, the Indian Ocean Tsunami, and Hurricane Katrina, and discuss such topics as of the (un)predictability of symptoms of global warming. Ranging from the monumental eruption at Krakatoa to industrial disasters such as the mercury poisoning in Japan’s Minamata Bay, When the Planet Rages will engage anyone concerned with the environment and the natural world.
Introduction
Authors: Brody Howard
Published: November 2023

I became involved in the field of bioethics in June, 1972, when I attended the first National Conference on Teaching Medical Ethics, sponsored by the Hastings Center, in Tarrytown, New York.2 After I had served my apprenticeship (completing medical school and a residency in family medicine, and graduate work in philosophy), I set out to establish a career as a teacher and practitioner of bioethics in an academic setting. I became particularly interested in bioethics’ nocturnal canines—the issues that were making no commotion and so not receiving the attention that they deserved. This tendency led me to address the role of narrative in medicine and in bioethics,3 to consider issues of power,4 to explore some concerns at the interface between professional ethics and health policy,5 and finally to delve a bit into the history of medical ethics.6
Cross-Cultural Concerns
Authors: Brody Howard
Published: November 2023

Despite the lack of specific index listings in the recent Oxford Handbook of Bioethics, more attention is being paid to cross-cultural or multicultural issues in bioethics. To pay attention, those practicing bioethics had to overcome two formidable obstacles. The first was a general distrust of the social sciences and of any of its empirical research as relevant to bioethics. The second was analytic philosophical ethics’ dismissal of culture as irrelevant, since any true ethical statement ought to take the form of a universal proposition that holds for all cultures and all historical periods. An increased comfort with inter- disciplinary approaches to bioethics that include the social sciences, and the acceptance of alternative ethical approaches that focus on moral particulars rather than universals, were therefore essential first steps.
The German Invasion
Authors: Tec Nechama
Published: November 2023

On a day in July 1941, a German officer stood at the door smiling. “ Will you put me up for one night?” Chaja knew enough German to understand. But what could she reply? Afraid to say yes, afraid to say no, she nodded in agreement, but made no move. The man brushed past her. She followed, listening to him. “ I like your house, it looks better than the others. My men are settled for the night. I am glad that you don’ t mind.” Then, as an afterthought, he added, “ Don’ t be afraid of me. I will not harm you.”
Eluding the Enemy
Authors: Tec Nechama
Published: November 2023

The twenty-five guerrilla fighters of the Iskra otriad arranged themselves in a circle. The man responsible for this assembly stood in the middle and seemed to tower over them, not because of actual height, but because of some intangible inner strength. His self-possessed manner matched his vigorous voice. “ I bring you greetings from our fatherland. To continue defeating the enemy we must make changes. From now on I will be in charge of this otriad. Your commandant will be second in command.”
The Emergence of New Social Arrangements
Authors: Tec Nechama
Published: November 2023

“ When you are in the forest you see individual trees. Only when you leave it, outside from far you see the entire forest in all its glory. The same happened to me. I saw much more as a tourist than the people that were there. I was amazed at what Tuvia did. I saw the workshops, the children [cries] . . . I saw an orthodox Jew pray. People worked, they fixed watches, made shoes, they made leather from cowhide. People from all the surrounding areas came there to have things fixed.