bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narratives of identity
Authors: Hole Rachelle
Published: February 2014

Living in the world as a Deaf person provides a different situatedness in which deaf individuals construct their identity. How does living in the world, different from the hearing majority, influence the ways deaf individuals go about the creative act of constructing identities? Traditionally, researchers of D/deafness have constructed identity categories in order to research identity and hearing loss. For example, there is a distinction made in the literature between deafness (written with a lower case ‘d’) — an audiological state related to having a hearing loss — and Deafness (written with an upper case ‘D’) — a marker of a culturally Deaf identity. This article is about how three women constructed narrative identities relating to hearing loss in life stories. And how they incorporated, resisted, and/or rejected various cultural discourses in narratives they told? Using a poststructural narrative analysis, I explore how identities relating to hearing status were shaped and limited by four discourses at work in the participants’ narrative tellings (discourses of normalcy, discourses of difference, discourses of passing, and Deaf cultural discourses). For example, I discuss how discourses of normalcy and discourses of difference led to the construction of identities based on opposites, in a binary relationship where one side of the binary was privileged and the opposite was “othered”, e.g., hearing/deaf, and Deaf/deaf. Finally, drawing on the work of Judith Butler, I conclude the article with a discussion of some theoretical implications that emerged from using a poststructural narrative analysis.
Memories and narratives about breast cancer
Authors: Kirkegaard Thomsen Dorthe , Jensen Anders Bonde
Published: February 2014

Turning points are considered to refer to emotional and important events. The present study compared turning point memories to other memories on several ratings and investigated the association between turning points, distress and meaning. Memories may act as organising units in extended narratives, hence the study also tested whether overlap between memories and extended illness narrative was associated with a more coherent narrative. Fifteen patients with breast cancer were asked to tell a 10-minute narrative about their illness course and describe meaning in their illness.

Each patient was asked to recall five memories, to state whether or not the memories were turning points, and to rate memories on both event and phenomenological variables.

Lastly, the patients were asked to rate distress. The narratives were scored for coherence and the memories were scored for thematic content as well as thematic overlap with the narratives. The results showed that all participants rated the mammography as a turning point and that turning points were rated higher on both event and phenomenological variables. Patients reporting more turning points also reported more distress and not finding meaning in the illness and treatment. High degree of overlap between memories and narratives showed a trend towards an association with a more coherent narrative. The present article discusses processes, which may be involved in the interaction between memories and narratives.
Pre-construction of third-person elicited narratives
Authors: Levy Elena T.
Published: February 2014

Recently, Labov (2006) described a process of narrative pre-construction that must occur during the short period of time between a conversationalist’s question, “Where should I begin?,” and the start of a narrative of personal experience. The present article is concerned with the microgenesis of narrative pre-construction in elicited third-person retellings. The central proposal is that the microgenesis of anticipatory goal statements — summaries of characters’ motivations for their actions, feelings and beliefs — relies on processes of increasing discourse cohesion that are learned, practiced and automatized in earlier ontogenetic development. In the proposed account these form a trajectory from extra- to intralinguistic (anaphoric) reference, and from sequenced descriptions of events to cataphoric summaries that are generalizations of original, perceived experiences. Analyses of narrative change across an intermediate, mesodevelopmental span of time — the repeated retellings of a story — provide insight into how change may occur in microgenesis. The proposal extends to the level of discourse Vygotsky’s (1987) account of the role of the social word in advancing thought from heaps to complexes to concepts.
‘Body part’ terms and emotion in Japanese
Authors: Hasada Rie
Published: February 2014

This paper examines the use and meaning of the body-part terms or quasi-body part terms associated with Japanese emotions. The
terms analyzed are kokoro, mune, hara, ki, and mushi. In Japanese kokoro is regarded as the seat of emotions. Mune (roughly,
‘chest’) is the place where Japanese believe kokoro is located. Hara (roughly, ‘belly’) can be used to refer to the seat of
‘thinking’, for example in expression of anger-like feelings which entail a prior cognitive appraisal. The term ki (roughly,
‘breath’) is also used for expressions dealing with emotions, temperament, and behaviour; among these, ki is mostly frequently
used for referring to mental activity. Mushi — literally, a ‘worm’ which exists in the hara ‘belly’ — is also used for referring
to specific emotion expressions.

The tool for semantic analysis employed in this paper is the “Natural Semantic Metalanguage” method developed by Anna Wierzbicka
and colleagues. This metalanguage enables us to explicate concepts by means of simple words and grammar (easily translated across
languages), and clarifies the similarities and dissimilarities between the components involved in semantically similar terms. The
data used for analysis are from various sources; published literature both in Japanese and English, newspaper/magazine articles,
film scripts, comic books, advertisements, dictionaries, and popular songs.
Emotions in Oneida
Authors: Michelson Karin
Published: February 2014

Oneida has terms for emotions, as well as other mental activities, that include one of three noun roots referring to the mind:
‘mind, thought, spirit’, ‘mind, thought’, and ‘soul’. There are no constructions in Oneida that describe emotions by referring to
body organs, other than the mind, or characteristic bodily “symptoms”, although some emotive interjections include the terms for
‘crack in the behind, anus’ or ‘feces, excrement’. Oneida speakers attribute their classification of diverse concepts as emotions
to the idea that all feelings reside in the mind. However, the issue of whether Oneida has an exponent for a semantic primitive
feel is controversial.
“The marginal beast”
Authors: Batany Jean
Published: February 2014

Les animaux au classement zoologique ambigu (problème déjà soulevé pas Aristote) pouvaient évoquer le cas sociologique dumarginal man. A part quelques exemples peu répandus (autruche, blaireau...), les fables européennes se sont attachées à la chauve-souris, dans deux cadres. Du cte latin, on a “une guerre des bêtes et des oiseaux” ou l’animal est d’abord inculpé d’une trahison simple (c’est un oiseau, passé au camp adverse), puis d’un va-et-vient entre les deux camps, et condamné pour duplicité. Du côté grec (fables ésopiques, d’où La Fontaine), on a une simple anecdote où la chauve-souris se prétend oiseau devant la belette, l’ennemie des souris, et souris devant l’ennemie des oiseaux, ce qui lui vaut d’tre érigée en modèle de prudence. Le statute polyvalent est alors réhabilité.
Le motif de la boule aux rats dans la sculpture et la peinture (XVe–XVIe siècles)
Authors: Bethmont-Gallerand Sylvie
Published: February 2014

Un globe somme d’une croix est attaqué de tous côtes par des rats qui le dévorent comme un beau fromage de Hollande. Ce motif de ‘a boule aux rats’ est apparu à la fin du Moyen Age, en marge du grand art religieux. Les sculptures de stalles en forment le principal réservoir mais de nombreux exemples subsistent dans les marginalia des livres pieux et sur le décor extérieur des églises du gothique tardif. Ce motif ne se livre à l’intelligence qu’à la suite d’un patient détour par chacun des éléments qui le composent. Si la source semble en être une unique expression proverbiale, ses nombreuses occurrences dans l’art doivent être étudiées en fonction de leurs contextes respectifs. Ainsi se dégagent les caractéristiques d’une imagerie modeste accompagnant les grandes expressions de la foi dans la période de la pré-Réforme; des images auxquelles est souvent attribué, faute de mieux, un caractère populaire. Pourtant les commanditaires et les lieux d’élection de ces boules aux rats les fonts plutôt participer à l’oraison savante qu’à la piétée des simples. Une oraison dirigeé vers la moralisation, qui englobe tous les aspects de la vie civile, les aléas de l’istoire contemporaine, comme les travers des contemporains clercs et paroissiens, au sein de motifs non dénués d’umour.
Deux traductions en moyen francais des fables de Vincent de Beauvais
Authors: Cifarelli Paola
Published: February 2014

Dans ce travail, nous analysons deux des quatre versions vulgaires des vingt-neuf fables de Vincent de Beauvais, à savoir celle de Jean de Vignay qui traduisit leSpeculum Historialeautour de 1330 et la version anonyme insérée d’istoire de Philippe VI, ou Chroniques abregées, compilation fondée pour environ 85% sur le texte de Vincent de Beauvais. Nous examinons d’abord les variantes relatives aux fables dans les deux manuscrits les plus anciens duMiroir Historialde Jean de Vignay pour vérifier l’ypothèse formulée récemment selon laquelle le traducteur aurait soumis son texte à un travail minutieux de révision. Ensuite, nous mettons en parallèle la version de Jean de Vignay et celle du Manuel d’istoire pour évaluer les conséquences de deux approches méthodologiques différentes de la traduction du texte. Finalement, nous

prenons en considération le ms. BNF, f. fr. 15.219, où la version des fables du Manuel d’istoire semblait figurer isolée du reste du texte, pour ajouter quelques remarques et rectifier quelques données antérieures.
Le Rôle des animaux dans les Dialogi de Grégoire le Grand
Authors: Porta Giuseppe
Published: February 2014

Dans le drame que constitue la vie sur la terre, magistralement représenté dans sesDialogipar Grégoire le Grand, remarquablement traduits en langue vulgaire italienne par Domenico Cavalca, les animaux jouent dans la lutte entre le bien et le mal, un rôle fondamental. Le pontife, qui accorde une importance prépondérante à la morale, ainsi qu’à l’exégèse des Saintes Ecritures, dans ses oeuvres doctrinales, n’ésite pas à appliquer ici l’interpretation tropologique aux animaux eux-mêmes.
L’image ambiguë du chien à travers la littérature didactique latine et francaise (XIIe –XIVe siècles
Authors: Smets An
Published: February 2014

Sale bête ou compagnon fidèle? Dès les plus anciens temps, on retrouve dans les textes cette double attitude envers “le meilleur ami de l’omme”. Aussi au moyen âge, la plupart des textes montrent les deux côtés de la médaille, même si certains auteurs ne cachent pas leur opinion tantôt plus positive, tantôt plus négative. Ainsi, les bestiaires latins se montrent plûtot neutres ou légèrement positifs, alors que leurs successeurs français soulignent déja plus les défauts. Les encyclopédistes du treizième siècle sont également plus neutres, contrairement aux auteurs des encyclopédies moralisées, dont la plupart ne cachent pas leur antipathie. Une explication possible se trouve dans les sources utilisées, mais pour pouvoir tirer des conclusions définitives, il faudrait élargir la présente enquête vers des siècles antérieurs ou postérieurs, vers d’autres genres littéraires ou vers d’autres langues.
La légende du Rossignol en Grèce ancienne
Authors: Villemonteix J.
Published: February 2014

Punition ou délivrance, la métamorphose en rossignol, en huppe et en hirondelle transforme les héros d’úne légende qui traverse toute l’Antiquité en ce qu’ils sont vraiment: les témoins d’un deuil incommensurable, de la ruine du foyer matrimonial et des malheurs de la femme avant et après son marriage. On comprend pourquoi la tragédie attique, après l’Odyssee et Hésiode, a utilisé cette legende, le plus souvent sous forme d’allusions. La question la plus difficile est celle de la métamorphose proprement dite. Pure fantaisie? Vestige de croyances religieuses disparues? Explications étiologiques liées au folklore? Croyance vivace dans le polymorphisme d’une nature animée par les dieux? Quelle que soit sa cause, la métamorphose du rossignol unit deux thèmes differents mais qui prennent force l’un par l’autre: le thème d’un destin voué à l’échec et celui d’un passage d’êtres légendaires et lointains à l’état d’oiseaux familiers, peuplant de leur chant les campagnes proches. Il n’en fallait pas davantage pour assurer la fortune littéraire et la pérennité de cette légende.
Le Roman de Renart: l’écriture d’une domestication illusoire
Authors: Zemmour Corinne
Published: February 2014

Le but de notre article est de montrer la modernité de nos conteurs en matière de domestication animale. Sur la foi de récentes études anthropologiques, il s’avère aussi d’illustrer cette idée en littérature que dans les sciences. Et pour cause: les animaux dits domestiques sont tous, réels ou non, identiquement inclassables et insaisissables, et nos cycles de domestication ne parviennent pas plus à leur terme dans la vie que dans la fable. Or ces convergences entre réalité et fiction révèlent au mieux la troublante leçon duRoman de Renart: si par malheur la domestication animale n’était plus l’illusion qu’elle est, ce serait la mort du monde, dont l’équilibre reside justement dans le retour régulier du sauvage.
La mancha del plátano
Authors: DuBord Elise
Published: February 2014

The present work seeks to identify sources of the persistent link between the Spanish language and national identity in Puerto Rico. By examining mass media discourse in the 1940s as a turbulent period of language policy conflict between Puerto Rico and the U.S. federal government, I suggest that the federal imposition of language policy without the consent or approval of local politicians or educators was influential in the construction of national identity that included language as a major defining factor. Local elites reacted to the colonial hegemony by defining Puerto Rican identity in opposition to American identity. The construction of identity in the 1940s is characterized by a cultural conception of nation that redefined national symbols, such as language, in social rather than political terms in order to avoid disturbing the existing colonial hegemony.
El contacto de lenguas como factor de retención en procesos de variación y cambio lingüístico
Authors: Blas Arroyo José Luis
Published: February 2014

Con independencia de cuál sea el grado de protagonismo que concedamos a la interferencia en la configuración de las lenguas, en la bibliografía sobre el tema es recurrente la idea de que el contacto interlingüístico —en particular si es estable y prolongado en el tiempo— actúa favorablemente para el desarrollo de soluciones lingüísticas novedosas, así como para la aceleración de cambios que se hallan latentes o en fases evolutivas poco avanzadas en otras regiones. Sin embargo, se ha escrito menos acerca de otro desenlace posible, y que supone el reverso de lo anterior; esto es, que el contacto de lenguas represente un importante factor de retención de variantes sometidas a intensa variabilidad y cambio en otros dominios. Ello puede ocurrir, por ejemplo, entre lenguas tipológicamente próximas, aunque con suficientes puntos de conflicto estructural como para favorecer procesos de convergencia en torno a aquellas variantes que resultan comunes. En el presente artículo se presentan los datos empíricos de algunas investigaciones variacionistas que hemos emprendido recientemente en torno a dos variables lingüísticas en una comunidad de habla bilingüe peninsular, donde el español convive con el catalán desde hace siglos. Los principales resultados del estudio muestran algunas diferencias destacadas en función de factores asociados al entorno etnolingüístico de los hablantes.
The shortage of legal dictionaries translating European languages
Authors: Laer C.J.P. van , Laer Tom van
Published: February 2014

This article is intended to shed light on the availability and distribution of legal dictionaries that translate European languages. The premise of this article is that the enlargement of the European Union has increased the shortage of bilingual dictionaries. To verify this premise, statistics have been applied to a representative corpus which consists of 159 bilingual law dictionaries with terms from two or more legal languages used in the EU. This rather unique approach of applying statistics to a complete corpus shows that only 15% of the needed dictionaries really exist. This is a very small percentage. In particular, dictionaries for the legal languages of the new Member States are not sufficiently available. Compared to the fifteen old Member States, the ten new Member States possess a lesser number of relevant dictionaries. As long as bilingual dictionaries do not offer direct links between all legal languages, German, rather than French, has to be considered as a relay language on an equal footing with English.
Souvent HAEMA varie …
Authors: Depierre Amélie
Published: February 2014

This paper aims at understanding the reasons why variants of the derivatives of HAEMA — Greek for blood — occur in medical vocabulary. Aspects of variation are seen from a terminological standpoint, which may differ from that prevailing in lexicography or in natural language processing (NLP). We consider as variants of a term not only the forms that are spelt in a similar way, but also its synonyms, i.e. all the forms that have a similar definition. However, since hyponyms of a given term differ by their definitions, i.e. have a separate meaning, we treat them as separate terms: variation becomes part of term formation. The examples in English come from medical dictionaries, a glossary in haematology and MEDLINE. Several types of variation are analysed: graphic, morphological, morphosyntactic, syntactic and lexical, together with their possible meanings, and case studies of the use of some of the variants in context are presented.
The use of verbs in research articles
Authors: Reimerink Arianne
Published: February 2014

The aim of the study described in this article is to examine the lexical characteristics of medical research articles in English. The article describes the results obtained from the analysis of a corpus of medical texts in which the use of verbs is studied in the different sections of the medical research article. After selecting a corpus of 30 texts and tagging them with a POS Tagger, concordances of verbs were obtained. The verbs were then classified according to their meaning in lexical domains. Results show that the lexical domains are distributed differently in each section of the article, reinforcing the rhetorical functions of each section. A proposal is also made for using these results in a more practical manner, for example to enrich an electronic manual, with information that could assist professionals and translators with the writing and translation of medical research articles.
An application and e aluation of the C/NC-value approach for the automatic term recognition of multi-word units in Japanese
Authors: Mima Hideki , Ananiadou Sophia
Published: February 2014

Technical terms are important for knowledge mining, especially as vast amounts of multi-lingual documents are available over the Internet. Thus, a domain and language-independent method for term recognition is necessary to automatically recognize terms from Internet documents.

The C-/NC-value method is an efficient domain-independent multi-word term recognition method which combines linguistic and statistical knowledge. Although the C-value/NC-value method is originally based on the recognition of nested terms in English, our aim is to evaluate the application of the method to other languages and to show its feasibility for multi-language environments.

In this article, we describe the application of the C/NC-value method to Japanese texts. Several experiments analysing the performance of the method using the NACSIS Japanese AI-domain corpus demonstrate that the method can be utilized to realize a practical domain-and language-independent term rec-

ognition system.
Term recognition using corpora from different fields
Authors: Uchimoto Kiyotaka , Sekine Satoshi , Murata Masaki , Ozaku Hiromi , Isahara Hitoshi
Published: February 2014

We present a system used in the term recognition competition, one of the subtasks covered by the NTCIR tmrec group, and we evaluate its term recognition results. We regard that terms are lexical items, characteristic of a field, which have the following three features: (1) they appear frequently in documents of the target field; (2) they are not common words in the target field; and (3) they appear less frequently in the corpora of other fields. Our system uses corpora from different fields and uses these features to recognize terms.

We then analyze the differences between our term list and the manual candidates list produced by the NTCIR tmrec group. In this article we identify features that are important for automatic term recognition. Furthermore, through comparative experiments based on manual candidates, we establish the importance of indices in extracting a term list.
Japanese term extraction using dictionary hierarchy and machine translation system
Authors: Oh Jong-Hoon , Lee Juho , Lee Kyung-Soon , Choi Key-Sun
Published: February 2014

There have been many studies of automatic term recognition (ATR) and they have achieved good results. However, they focus on a mono-lingual term extraction method. Therefore, it is difficult to extract terms from documents in foreign languages. This article describes an automatic term extraction method from documents in foreign languages using a machine translation system. In our method, we translate documents in foreign languages into documents in Korean and extract terms in the translated Korean documents. Finally the terms recognized from the Korean documents are translated into terms in the foreign language. By using our method, one can extract terms for languages, which one does not know.
Improving term extraction by combining different techniques
Authors: Vivaldi Jorge , Rodríguez Horacio
Published: February 2014

Two different reasons suggest that combining the performance of several term extractors could lead to an improvement in overall system accuracy. On the one hand, there is no clear agreement on whether to follow statistical, linguistic or hybrid approaches for (semi-) automatic term extraction. On the other hand, combining different knowledge sources (e.g. classifiers) has proved successful in improving the performance of individual sources on several NLP tasks (some of them closely related to or involved in term extraction), such as context-sensitive spelling correction, part-of-speech tagging, word sense disambiguation, parsing, text classification and filtering, etc.

In this paper, we present a proposal for combining a number of different term extraction techniques in order to improve the accuracy of the resulting system. The approach has been applied to the domain of medicine for the Spanish language. A number of tests have been carried out with encouraging results.
WordMed® and Scriptum®:
Authors: Arranz Victoria , Turmo Jordi , Carreras Xavier , Arévalo Rodríguez Montserrat
Published: February 2014

This paper describes on-going work on the development of two complementary resources: WordMed® and Scriptum®. The former is a lexico-conceptual knowledge base (KB) comprising information from four medical sub-domains (diagnostics, procedures, tumors and medicines). This resource is only accessible for the language and domain expert in charge of supervising the knowledge acquisition and KB-updating processes. The latter resource, Scriptum®, is the user’s tool; it contains a medical KB, transferred from WordMed®, together with a viewer for the user to access the knowledge stored in the KB.
Extracting morpheme pairs from bilingual terminological corpora
Authors: Tsuji Keita , Kageura Kyo
Published: February 2014

An HMM-based method for extracting bilingual morpheme pairs from domain-specific bilingual term lists is reported in this paper. In recent years, many bilingual term lists have become available in electronic form. If the bilingual morpheme pairs in the lists are automatically identified, they can be used as bootstrapping information for the automatic identification of bilingual term pairs in bilingual textual corpora. Or, they can be used for automatically extracting translation rules of complex terms. In our method, Japanese terms are segmented into morphemes while at the same time the corresponding Japanese-English morpheme pairs are identified. The advantage of our method is that it requires no pre-processing tool such as a morphological analyser. The result of the experiment was quite satisfactory, our method achieved well over 80% precision and recall.
Looking at the overlooked: A corpora study of punctuation use in Russian and English1
Authors: Bystrova-Mcintyre Tatyana
Published: February 2014

This study was designed to analyze the comparative use of punctuation marks in Russian and English newspaper editorials. The study was conducted using corpora of English-language editorials, taken from the New York Times in 2005, and of Russian-language editorials, taken from Izvestiia in the same year. Results indicated that the comma, colon, and the em-dash were used more often in the Russian corpus. The difference was determined to be statistically significant. The author then compared these results to the results of punctuation use in corpora of Russian and English literary texts. Again these punctuation marks were used more frequently in the Russian literary corpus than in the English one. At the same time, in both the Russian and English literary corpora these marks were used much more frequently than in the corpora of Russian and English editorials. In the second part of the article, the author attempts to isolate the reasons for the discrepancy in use of the colon by examining rules for its use as elaborated in authoritative Russian and English style guides. On the basis of this, the author suggests guidelines for the translation of the colon into English.
Computer editing as a translation efficiency skill: Summary evidence from keystrokes
Authors: Koby Geoffrey S.
Published: February 2014

Earlier studies have reported on differences in drafting and revising style between professional and non-professional translators. This article presents analysis of keystroke data in order to isolate trends that indicate patterns of final text production. As part of a larger think-aloud study, eight subjects, (a student, two German professors, two translation professors, and three professional translators) translated on computer from German into English while thinking aloud. All keystrokes were logged using a computer deamon. Two styles of translation revision are found: Deletion, immediate revision of errors with little post-translation navigation, and Navigation, post-translation keystrokes to reach and correct errors. Although Deletion is more efficient than Navigation in keystroke use, no evidence was found in this sample that one style is more efficient than the other in terms of overall text production speed. In addition, no division between professionals and non-professionals was evident in this small study. More research is needed on a larger sample.
Learning to read in English as third language
Authors: Schwartz Mila , Geva Esther , Share David L. , Leikin Mark
Published: February 2014

The present study compared the influence of bi-literate bilingualism versus mono-literate bilingualism on the development of literary skills in English as L3. Two main predictions were made. First, it was predicted that Russian (L1) literacy would benefit decoding and spelling acquisition in English (L3), that is, bi-literate bilingualism would be superior to mono-literate bilingualism. Second, it was hypothesized that there would be positive transfer of phonological processing skills from L1 Russian to L3 English even in the context of two linguistically and orthographically distinct languages. The sample of 107 11-year-old children from Haifa, Israel, were divided into three groups matched in age, gender, social-economic level, verbal and non-verbal IQ: bi-literate bilinguals, mono-literate bilinguals and mono-literate monolinguals. The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage a wide range of linguistic, meta-linguistic, cognitive and literacy tasks in Hebrew (L2) and in Russian (L1) were administered. In the second stage linguistic, meta-linguistic and literacy skills in English (L3) were assessed. The results demonstrated that bi-literate bilinguals outperformed mono-literate bilingual and mono-lingual children on a number of basic literacy measures (phoneme deletion and analysis, pseudoword decoding and spelling) in English (L3). Even after controlling for (L2) Hebrew reading accuracy, bi-literacy independently explained 16% of the variance in English reading accuracy among Russian-Hebrew fifth grade bilinguals.
Learning to spell in second grade using the spelling checker
Authors: Bosman Anna M.T. , Huygevoort Martijn van , Bakker Joep T.A. , Verhoeven Ludo
Published: February 2014

The spelling process of Dutch second-grade students using the word processor was studied in three different feedback conditions. In the no-feedback condition, they merely had to type words without being told whether the spelling was correct or not. In one of the feedback conditions they were only told whether the word was spelled correctly, whereas in the other feedback condition they were given suggestions when words were spelled incorrectly. Students learned about the spelling of words without receiving feedback. Providing feedback, however, improved spelling performance substantially more than no-feedback. The nature of the feedback affected spelling performance of native and non-native Dutch words differently. Native Dutch words benefited more from suggestions than non-native words, and both word types benefited equally when no suggestions were provided. The quality of the suggestions provided by the spelling checker was substantially better in case of native Dutch words. Thus, Dutch second graders are capable of making efficient use of the spelling checker only in case of native Dutch words.
Alphabetics
Authors: Nooteboom Sieb G.
Published: February 2014

This paper is concerned with the relation between our capacity for alphabetic reading and writing the sound forms of languages on the one hand, and the structure of speech and language on the other. It starts from two questions: (1) What structural properties of human languages enable us to read and write their sound forms with a handful of alphabetic symbols? (2) Why is learning this skill so difficult? Ad (1) it is argued here that the basis for reading and writing in an alphabet is the inherent segmentability of speech, stemming from the synchronization of articulatory gestures during speech production. This synchronization arises from inherent properties of both speech production and speech perception. Ad (2) it is suggested here that learning to read and write with alphabetic letters is so difficult, because in the mental structure of sound forms there are no pre-existing discrete phoneme-sized segments, at least not of a kind that language users are easily aware of. This makes analysis of sound forms into such phoneme-sized segments difficult, although such analysis is a prerequisite skill for alphabetic reading and writing. For easy learning, the relation between letters and speech segments should preferably be systematic and transparent.
A conjecture of Gray and the 𝑝-th power map on Ω²𝑆^{2𝑛𝑝+1}
Authors: Richter William
Published: February 2014

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Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Productivity of U.S. Dairies
Authors: Key Nigel , Sneeringer Stacy
Published: February 2014

In the United States, climate change is likely to increase average daily temperatures and the frequency of heat waves, which can reduce meat and milk production in animals. Methods that livestock producers use to mitigate thermal stress—including modifications to animal management or housing—tend to increase production costs. We use operation‐level economic data coupled with finely‐scaled climate data to estimate how the local thermal environment affects the technical efficiency of dairies across the United States. We then use this information to estimate the possible decline in milk production in 2030 resulting from climate change‐induced heat stress under the simplifying assumptions that the production technology, location of production, and other factors are held constant. For four climate model scenarios, the results indicate modest heat‐stress‐related production declines by 2030, with the largest declines occurring in the southern states.
Quirky patterns in time-series of estimates of recruitment could be artefacts
Authors: Dickey-Collas M. , Hintzen N. T. , Nash R. D. M. , Schön P-J. , Payne M. R.
Published: February 2014

The accessibility of databases of global or regional stock assessment outputs is leading to an increase in meta-analysis of the dynamics of fish stocks. In most of these analyses, each of the time-series is generally assumed to be directly comparable. However, the approach to stock assessment employed, and the associated modelling assumptions, can have an important influence on the characteristics of each time-series. We explore this idea by investigating recruitment time-series with three different recruitment parameterizations: a stock–recruitment model, a random-walk time-series model, and non-parametric “free” estimation of recruitment. We show that the recruitment time-series is sensitive to model assumptions and this can impact reference points in management, the perception of variability in recruitment and thus undermine meta-analyses. The assumption of the direct comparability of recruitment time-series in databases is therefore not consistent across or within species and stocks. Caution is therefore required as perhaps the characteristics of the time-series of stock dynamics may be determined by the model used to generate them, rather than underlying ecological phenomena. This is especially true when information about cohort abundance is noisy or lacking.
High-circulating Tie2 Is Associated With Pathologic Complete Response to Chemotherapy and Antiangiogenic Therapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Makhoul Issam , Griffin Robert J. , Siegel Eric , Lee Jeannette , Dhakal Ishwori , Raj Vinay , Jamshidi-Parsian Azemat , Klimberg Suzanne , Hutchins Laura F. , Kadlubar Susan
Published: February 2014

Introduction:

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a central mediator of angiogenesis in breast cancer. Research in antiangiogenic cancer treatment has been marked by the development of the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, which targets VEGF in many solid tumors. As patients do not equally benefit from bevacizumab, it has become necessary to define the profile of patients who will benefit from the drug.

Materials and Methods:

We have conducted a prospective phase II study in 39 patients using bevacizumab in breast cancer in the neoadjuvant setting, and found improved pathologic complete response (pCR) when bevacizumab was added to chemotherapy in patients with hormone receptor negative and invasive ductal carcinoma. Blood samples were collected at baseline and serially while patients were on treatment. Circulating angiogenesis-related proteins angiopoietin (ANG)1, ANG2, basic fibroblast growth factor, IL-1a, matrix metalloproteinase 9, platelet derived growth factor - BB, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule -1, Tie2, VEGF, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 were measured at baseline and during treatment. This correlative study was conducted to identify specific serum angiogenic factor profiles that might be associated with pCR in the neoadjuvant setting in breast cancer patients receiving bevacizumab and chemotherapy.

Results:

Elevated baseline serum Tie2 and basic fibroblast growth factor were associated with pCR in response to this combination. Changes in serum levels of these proteins were seen during treatment but were not significantly different between the pCR and non-pCR groups.

Conclusions:

Baseline-circulating Tie2 levels may help distinguish patients who will have pCR from those who will not and may form the basis for future development of antiangiogenic therapy in breast cancer. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00203502.
The Impact of Positive Margins on Outcome Among Patients With Gastric Cancer Treated With Radiation
Authors: Schoenfeld Jonathan D. , Wo Jennifer Y. , Mamon Harvey J. , Kwak Eunice L. , Mullen John T. , Enzinger Peter Z. , Blaskowsky Lawrence S. , Ryan David P. , Hong Theodore S.
Published: February 2014

Objectives:

Positive surgical margins have been associated with worse outcomes in gastric cancer patients. We evaluated the impact of positive margins in a modern cohort treated with radiotherapy.

Methods:

We performed a multi-institutional retrospective analysis of patients treated from 1998 through 2010. All underwent definitive surgery and were followed up for recurrence and survival. We assessed associations with positive margins using the log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models.

Results:

We identified 91 patients with a median follow-up of 42 months. Seven received radiation before surgery; the remainder were treated postoperatively. Epirubicin-based chemotherapy was given to 8 patients perioperatively and 25 postoperatively. Nineteen had positive margins (21%), including 25% of patients who received chemotherapy perioperatively. All patients who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy had negative margins. There were 41 recurrences and 44 deaths. Positive margins were associated with increased recurrence risk after adjusting for other factors (hazard ratio=2.8, P=0.01). In addition, median survival with positive margins was 31 months as compared with 77 months after complete resection (P=0.13).

Conclusions:

Positive margins were associated with recurrence despite aggressive multimodality therapy including radiotherapy and the selective use of chemotherapy. Thus, additional consideration is warranted for strategies such as neoadjuvant chemoradiation intended to facilitate complete resection.
Meningioma in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Milano Michael T. , Grossman Craig E.
Published: February 2014

Objectives:

Although an association between meningioma and breast cancer (BC) has been postulated, clear mechanisms remain obscure. By conducting population-based analyses in women with both BC and meningioma, hypothesis-generating causal links were pursued.

Methods:

Using the US SEER 18 registry (2004 to 2009), clinicopathologic and demographic characteristics from cohorts of women with only BC (n=279,821) or meningioma (n=19,570) diagnoses were compared with 412 women with both diagnoses (BC-meningioma).

Results:

BC diagnosis preceded meningioma by >2 months in 48% of women; 20% had synchronous (within 2 mo) disease. Median meningioma size was 1.9 and 2.4 cm in the BC-meningioma and meningioma cohorts, respectively (P=0.0009). Among BC-meningioma patients, meningioma size was similar whether diagnosed >2 months prior, synchronously, or >2 months after BC. Meningioma was pathologically confirmed in 38% of BC-meningioma and 51% of meningioma patients. Distribution of BC histologies was comparable in patients with and without meningioma, with ductal type predominating (80% in BC-meningioma, 83% in BC). Although hormone receptor status of invasive BC was not significantly different between BC-meningioma and BC groups, the BC-meningioma cohort had fewer women with ER+/PR+ in situ disease (P=0.006). BC stage among women with meningioma was more advanced versus women with BC only.

Conclusions:

Women with BC and meningioma have smaller-sized meningiomas and more advanced BCs compared with women having only 1 diagnosis. As there was no temporal relationship between size and latency between tumor diagnoses, the disparity in meningioma size between BC-meningioma and meningioma cohorts may have BC-associated biological components that warrant further study.
Phase I Study of Pazopanib and Ixabepilone in Patients With Solid Tumors
Authors: Ganesan Chitra , Obulareddy Sri J. , Fischer James H. , Antonysamy Mary A. , Jha Gautam , Bliss Robin L. , Dudek Arkadiusz Z.
Published: February 2014

Objectives:

Pazopanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor predominantly acting on tumor endothelium, and ixabepilone is a semisynthetic analog of epothilone B that promotes microtubule stabilization inducing tumor and tumor endothelial cell apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal tolerated dose (OTD) of the combination of pazopanib and ixabepilone for the treatment of metastatic previously treated solid tumors.

Methods:

Dose escalation started at 32 mg/m2 of ixabepilone and increased to 40 mg/m2. Pazopanib was administered initially at 400 mg and escalated at 200 mg increments up to 800 mg. Pharmacokinetic analysis assessed effect of ixabepilone on pazopanib metabolism. Correlative studies evaluated changes in angiogenic cytokines.

Results:

Thirty-one patients (20 male and 11 female; median age, 58 y) with ECOG PS of 0 or 1 were enrolled. Three patients had dose-limiting toxicities (fatigue and neutropenia) at dose level 2 (ixabepilone 40 mg/m2 and pazopanib 400 mg), and therefore the ixabepilone dose was decreased (32 mg/m2) before escalating pazopanib to levels 3 and 4. One patient had a dose-limiting toxicity (thrombocytopenia) at dose level 4 (ixabepilone 32 mg/m2 and pazopanib 800 mg). Dose level 3 was determined to be the OTD (pazopanib 600 mg and ixabepilone 32 mg/m2). The most common toxicities were cytopenias. A significant decrease in the level of sE-selectin was associated with improvement in progression free survival.

Conclusions:

The OTD for combination of pazopanib and ixabepilone was established. There was no impact of ixabepilone on pazopanib pharmacokinetics. The relationship between sE-selectin and progression free survival warrants further investigation.
Comparative polyphasic characterization of Streptococcus phocae strains with different host origin and description of the subspecies Streptococcus phocae subsp. salmonis subsp. nov.
Authors: Avendaño-Herrera Ruben , Balboa Sabela , Castro Nuria , González-Contreras Alberto , Magariños Beatriz , Fernández Jorge , Toranzo Alicia E. , Romalde Jesús L.
Published: February 2014

A polyphasic study was undertaken to clarify the taxonomic position of

Streptococcus phocae

strains isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cage-farmed in Chile. Four salmon and three seal isolates showed minor differences in the SDS-PAGE protein analysis. Thus, a major protein band present in the salmon isolates, of approximately 22.4 kDa, was absent in the pinniped strains, regardless of the growth media employed. In addition, the pinniped strains showed protein bands with molecular masses of 71.5 and 14.2 kDa, when grown on trypticase soy agar supplemented with 1 % NaCl, or 25.6 kDa, when grown on Columbia blood agar, not present in the Atlantic salmon strains. A high similarity in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectra of the strains was observed, although some minor peaks were absent in the fish isolates. Fatty acid methyl esters from isolates with different host origin significantly (P<0.05) differed in the content of C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C20 : 4ω6,9,12,15c and summed features 3, 5 and 8. The salmon isolates formed a separate cluster in the phylogenetic analysis of housekeeping genes, separately or as concatenated sequences. Sequence divergences among salmon and seal strains were in the range of inter-subspecies differentiation for groEL (2.5 %), gyrB (1.8 %), recN (2.1 %), rpoB (1.7 %) and sodA (2.0 %) genes. DNA–DNA hybridization results confirmed those of sequencing, showing reassociation values between seal and salmon strains close to the borderline of species definition. Differences in growth at low temperatures and in the haemolytic capacities were also observed between both groups of isolates. On the basis of all these results, the salmon isolates represent a novel subspecies of

S. phocae

, for which the name Streptococcus phocae subsp. salmonis subsp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C-4T ( = CECT 7921T = DSM 24768T). The subspecies Streptococcus phocae subsp. phocae subsp. nov. is automatically created. An emended description of

S. phocae

is also provided.
Pedobacter
jejuensis sp. nov., isolated from soil of a pine grove, and emended description of the genus Pedobacter
Authors: Kook MooChang , Park YongJin , Yi Tae-Hoo
Published: February 2014

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, THG-DR3T, was isolated from soil of a pine grove in Jeju island, Republic of Korea. Strain THG-DR3T grew optimally at 20–25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in R2A broth without added NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain THG-DR3T belongs to the genus

Pedobacter

. The closest relatives based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were

Pedobacter aquatilis

AR107T (98.0 %),

Pedobacter alluvionis

NWER-II11T (97.7 %),

Pedobacter borealis

G-1T (97.7 %) and

Pedobacter ginsengiterrae

DCY49T (97.4 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain THG-DR3T was 47.5 mol%. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain THG-DR3T and its closest phylogenetic neighbours were below 44.7 %. The presence of menaquinone 7 and of iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acids supported the affiliation of strain THG-DR3T to the genus

Pedobacter

. The polar lipids of strain THG-DR3T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids, five unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the differentiation of strain THG-DR3T from recognized species of the genus

Pedobacter

. Strain THG-DR3T ( = KACC 17172T = JCM 18824T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus

Pedobacter

, Pedobacter jejuensis sp. nov. An emended description of the genus

Pedobacter

is also proposed.