bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generic substitutions of antiepileptic drugs: Is it possible to put an end to the discussion?
Authors: Ushkalova E. A. , Zyryanov S. K. , Zatolochina K. E.
Published: July 2018

A policy on generic substitutions, which is aimed at reducing the cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, was proposed by the WHO at the end of the 20th century; however, but the debate about their  economic benefits has continued until now. There have been the  most active discussions of whether an epileptic patient may be  switched from brand-name to generic antiepileptic drugs. The paper  gives data obtained in Russian and foreign studies of the therapeutic  efficacy and safety of anticonvulsant generics versus their brand- name drugs, as well as the impact of generic substitutions on the cost-effectiveness of  antiepileptic therapy. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the  quality of generic medicines, their dosage forms, and regulatory requirements for registration of generics. The problem of generic instability is under discussion.
Sociocultural aspects and different types of stigmatization in epilepsy
Authors: Parfenova E. V. , Rider F. K. , Gersamia A. G.
Published: July 2018

This literature review deals with knowledge and beliefs about epilepsy and with the attitude of patients, relatives, and society as a whole towards epilepsy. It discusses the stigma that is associated with the  disease and has a strong impact on patients with epilepsy and their  families. The problems of stigma or related concepts in different countries are analyzed.
Aplikasi Algoritma Tabu Search dan Safety Stock Pada Penentuan Rute Distribusi Air Mineral di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Firdaus Anita Nurul , Rahayu Pipit Pratiwi
Published: July 2018

Pendistribusian produk berperan penting dalam dunia industri.  Salah satu usaha yang dapat dilakukan perusahaan untuk mengoptimalkan pendistribusian produk adalah meminimalkan biaya tranportasi melalui penentuan rute optimal kendaraan yang disebut dengan VRP (Vehicle Routing Problem). Tujuan dari VRP adalah menentukan rute optimal yaitu rute dengan jarak minimum untuk mendistribusikan produk kepada konsumen. Salah satu variasi VRP adalah Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), yaitu VRP dengan kendala kapasitas kendaraan. Kasus CVRP tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan Algoritma Tabu Search. Cara kerja Algoritma Tabu Search dimulai dengan penentuan initial solution menggunakan Nearest Neighbor, evaluasi move menggunakan  Exchange, 2-Opt, Relocated, dan Cross Exchange, update Tabu List, kemudian apabila kriteria pemberhentian terpenuhi  maka proses Algoritma Tabu Search berhenti jika tidak, maka kembali pada evaluasi move. Proses perhitungan Algoritma Tabu Search dilakukan secara manual pada PT IAP. Setiap perusahaan distributor atau pun jasa selalu mengadakan persediaan, salah satunya adalah Safety Stock. Perhitungan sederhana Safety Stock dapat membantu menyelesaikan persediaan pengaman yang harus dipersiapkan perusahaan untuk mengurangi tingkat kerugian. Berdasarkan proses perhitungan manual diperoleh solusi pendekatan optimal yaitu rute dengan total jarak terpendek sebesar 138,834 km dan nilai untuk Safety Stock adalah ± 9 karton.

[Distribution of the product play an important role in the industry field. The effort done by the companies to optimize the distribution is minimize transportation fee by deciding the shortest route of the vehicle, known as Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). The purpose of VRP is to determine the optimal route of the route with a minimum distance to distribute product to the consumer. One of the varieties of VRP is Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), which is VRP with vehicle capacity problems. CVRP case can be solved by using Tabu Search Algorithm. How it works Tabu Search Algorithm starts with the determination of the initial solution using the Nearest Neighbor, evaluating the move using Exchange, 2-Opt, Relocated, and Cross Exchange, updates Tabu List, then when the criteria for termination are met then the Tabu Search algorithm stop if not, then go back to the evaluation of the move. Tabu Search Algorithm calculation process is done manually PT IAP.  Every distributor or service company always hold inventory, one of them is Safety Stock. The simple calculation of Safety Stock can help solve the safety availability that should be prepared by the companies and reduce the level of losses. Based on the manual calculation process obtained optimal solution approach that is route with the shortest route to the optimal total distance of 138,834 km and the value of safety stock is ± 9 cartons.]
Численное интегрирование матричным методом краевых задач для линейных неоднородных обыкновенных
дифференциальных уравнений третьего порядка с переменными коэффициентами
Authors: Маклаков Владимир Николаевич , Maklakov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Стельмах Янина Геннадьевна , Stelmakh Yanina Gennadievna
Published: July 2018

Использование многочлена Тейлора второй степени при аппроксимации производных конечными разностями приводит ко второму порядку аппроксимации традиционного метода сеток при численном интегрировании обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений второго порядка с переменными коэффициентами. В работе при исследовании краевых задач для обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений третьего порядка с переменными коэффициентами рассмотрен предложенный ранее метод численного интегрирования, использующий средства матричного исчисления, в котором аппроксимация производных конечными разностями не использовалась. Согласно указанному методу, при составлении системы разностных уравнений может быть выбрана произвольная степень многочлена Тейлора в разложении искомого решения задачи в ряд Тейлора. Вычислена невязка и дана оценка порядка аппроксимации метода в зависимости от выбранной степени многочлена Тейлора при использовании четырехточечного шаблона. Теоретически выявлены закономерности между порядком аппроксимации матричного метода и степенью используемого многочлена Тейлора.
Установлено, что порядок аппроксимации пропорционален степени используемого многочлена Тейлора и меньше нее на две единицы.
При использовании пятиточечного шаблона предложена процедура построения фиктивного граничного условия, позволяющая построить замкнутую систему разностных уравнений матричного метода численного интегрирования.
Система разностных уравнений разбита на две подсистемы: в первую подсистему
вошли два уравнения, первое из которых содержит заданное значение производной в граничных условиях задачи, второе - вычисленное из фиктивного граничного условия значение; во вторую подсистему вошли оставшиеся разностные уравнения построенной замкнутой системы.
Вычислена невязка и дана оценка порядка аппроксимации метода в зависимости от выбранной степени многочлена Тейлора при использовании пятиточечного шаблона. Теоретически выявлены закономерности между порядком аппроксимации матричного метода и степенью используемого многочлена Тейлора.
Установлено следующее:
а) порядок аппроксимации первой подсистемы, второй подсистемы при четном значении степени используемого многочлена Тейлора и всей задачи пропорционален этой степени и меньше нее на две единицы;
б) порядок аппроксимации второй подсистемы при нечетном значении степени используемого многочлена Тейлора пропорционален этой степени и меньше нее на единицу.
К 75-летию профессора Евгения Владимировича Радкевича
Authors: Андреев Александр Анатольевич , Andreev Aleksandr Anatolevich , Радченко Владимир Павлович , Radchenko Vladimir Pavlovich , Козлова Елена Александровна , Kozlova Elena Alexandrovna
Published: July 2018

26 января 2018 г. исполнилось 75 лет доктору физико-математических наук, профессору Евгению Владимировичу Радкевичу.
В настоящей заметке приводятся сведения из научной биографии этого крупного ученого, который хорошо известен в России и за рубежом. Обсуждаются его работы, которые внесли существенный вклад во многие области науки и техники.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Sosial - Ekonomi Masyarakat Terhadap Pola Permukiman di Bantaran / Tepian Sungai Kahayan Kota Palangkaraya
Authors: Paddiyatu Nurhikmah , Pradoto Wisnu
Published: July 2018

Based on RDTR of Palangkarya City in 2009, Kahayan riverside area is included in the green belt /conservation zone. But the facts, there are utilizations of water bodies as residential land, besides; housing problems are growing organically throughout the location of the study area. Based on these points,the purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of the society based on socio-economic factors that people take into consideration to live there and to know its influence on the pattern of spread of Kahayan riverside settlements in Palangkaraya. The approach used in this research is quantitative descriptive and thematic approach. Coverage of discussion / substance in this study is about the socio-economic characteristics of the community as well as the physical characteristics of Kahayan riverside neighborhoods, and the factors that are considered by society to live, as well as its influence on the spread pattern of Kahayan riverside settlement area. As for the results, the overall socio-economic characteristics and environmental influence the characteristics of the settlement pattern in Kahayan riverside area significantly (over 80%). Where the results of the crosstab analysis, variables that have been identified in the economic characteristics such as (livelihood, income level) influence by 82%. While the specific characteristics of social (ethnic) by 76% and physical-environmental characteristics (topography) 88%. It is proved that the socio-economic aspects indirectly affect the patterns of people’s settlement. Socio-economic conditions of the riverside area community in the study area indicates that the livelihoods that "near by home" became the reason in preferenced settlement with a dominant percentage, equal to 32.5%. In the aspect of physical condition, the highest percentage of 47.26% with 813 dwellings located on a slope of 0-8% which is lower classification. NNA results obtained dispersed pattern or evenly spread with an index value ratio> 2.58 is equal to 34.3. All the results of analysis are formulated in the zoning plan formulation with resettlement concept and settlement patterns, where the development of settlement patterns are in accordance with socio-economic characteristics in the study area is a grid across the Langkai and Pahandut Seberang villages and pattern combination in the Pahandut village.
Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Program Pengembangan dan Pengelolaan Jaringan Irigasi di Daerah Irigasi Way Umpu Kabupaten Way Kanan
Authors: Ismail Ronaldi
Published: July 2018

Problem faced by the government regarding Development and Management of Irrigation Network program is the implementation have many weakness, which look at the low participation. Including a sense of belonging is low to existing irrigation networks. Public already familiar with the system development from top to bottom (top down) and passive waiting for the program and existing orders. yhe aim of research is to analyze the form and level of society participation and to know what factors influence community participation in Development and Management of Irrigation Network program at Way Umpu Irrigation Area, Way Kanan regency. This research used quantitative descriptive analysis support with qualitative analysis. Based on this study, its found that the participation in form energy, money and material, dominant forms of community participation is energy, followed by donations of money and material donations. Overall level of public participation in Development and Management of Irrigation Network program at the third level of eight Arnstein participation ladder. its mean at informing level and degree of tokenism.
Transformasi Spasial di Kawasan Peri Urban Kota Malang
Authors: Mahendra Yusril Ihza , Pradoto Wisnu
Published: July 2018

Limited land in the centre of the city will encourage people to choose residing in the suburb area as alternative, which of course also effect transformation in those areas. Spatial transformation that occured in peri-urban area will change the pattern of space utilization existed in that region. The population growth rate of Malang city is approximately 0,86% larger than that in East Java (0,75%). The increasing number of population growth in Malang occured unevenly in all parts of the city. The purpose of this research is to review the spatial transformation occuring in peri-urban area of Malang city by firstly analyzing the location of peri-urban based on its land usage. The analysis is conducted with geographic information system ArcGis 9.3, which is benefited to analyze map overlay dan kernel density analyze. Based on the result of analysis, it is discovered that there is a difference of spatial transformation between the north and south region of peri-urban areas in Malang city. Kedung Kandang district, which is located in the south region, experienced a low transformation with a linier trend of developing land pattern. Meanwhile, Lowokwaru district is experiencing high transformation with a concentric trend of developing land pattern. This difference occured due to several factors, which are population factor like high growth population, center of activity, accessibility, the role of developer, and policy factor related with direction of spatial region patter.The trend of distribution pattern in population density and developed land aimed on the northern part of the city indicated the direction of the city development trend.
Kajian Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan dan Struktur Ruang Kota Bima
Authors: Setiawan Bambang , Rudiarto Iwan
Published: July 2018

Perkembangan suatu kota terjadi sebagai akibat dari pertumbuhan penduduk, aktivitas sosial, ekonomi, budaya serta adanya interaksi dengan kota lain di daerah sekitar. Suatu kota dengan segala aktivitas yang ada di dalamnya akan mengalami perkembangan dari waktu ke waktu. Seperti kota-kota lain, Kota Bima juga mengalami perkembangan sehingga mengakibatkan munculnya permasalahan perubahan penggunaan lahan dan struktur ruangnya. Berangkat dari permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan penggunaan lahan dan struktur ruang Kota Bima pada periode waktu tahun 1999-2014 dengan harapan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai dinamika perkembangan Kota Bima. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik analisis dan pengolahan data diawali dengan interpretasi citra pleiades pada tahun 2014, overlay dengan bantuan perangkat lunak ArcGIS 10.2 dan analisis input-output terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan tahun 1999-2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan lahan terbesar berturut-turut di Kota Bima adalah pertanian lahan kering (76,04%), hutan (11,43%), sawah (6,24%), permukiman (4,62), tambak (0,40%), perdagangan dan jasa (0,29%), pemerintahan (0,23%), pendidikan (0,30%), pelabuhan (0,02%) dan terminal (0,01%). Secara umum kecenderungan perubahan penggunaan lahan yang lebih dominan adalah perubahan penggunaan lahan sawah dan pertanian lahan kering menjadi permukiman yakni masing-masing sebesar 184,30 Ha dan 171,93 Ha. Pola persebaran permukiman cenderung konsentris liniear di wilayah bagian barat sedangkan di wilayah bagian timur cenderung terpencar-pencar dan memanjang mengikuti jalan sesuai dengan lokasi pertanian. Struktur ruang Kota Bima belum menunjukan perubahan yang terlalu signifikan yaitu masih berbentuk monocentric city dan termasuk kategori model multi nodal dimana terdiri dari satu pusat dan beberapa sub pusat dan pusat lingkungan yang saling terhubung satu sama lain.
Karakteristik Elemen Sistem Pariwisata Ekowisata Desa Wisata Nglanggeran dan Wisata Desa pada Desa Wisata Pentingsari
Authors: Purbasari Novia , Manaf Asnawi
Published: July 2018

Tourism Village was chosen as an alternative to the development of tourism in Yogyakarta, this is because the Tourism Village closer to the people so as to involve the community as a component of the main actors. Many developed Tourism Village in Yogyakarta, has brought new challenges being able to package the elements of the tourism system to compete with the characteristics possessed by Tourism Village itself. Tourism Village Nglanggeran a successful ecotourism in conservation efforts, while the Tourism Village is a rural tourist Pentingsari successful in empowering local communities. Departing from this success, comes the following questions: How does the system elements on ecotourism Tourism Village tourism and rural tourism in Nglanggeran Pentingsari Tourism Village? This research aims to identify the characteristics of element tourism system in Nglanggeran and Pentingsari Tourism Village. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. To answer the research question to identify elements of the tourism system followed by comparing the characteristics of the elements of the system at both the tourist village. The results obtained from this research are attractions and visitor are best element that describes the characteristics of the both Tourism Village. The main attraction in Nglanggeran ecotourism Village is conservation action that attract the wanderlusters and “pecinta alam”. While in Pentingsari rural tourism village, the rural live of society become the main attraction for educational tourism that attract the student to live in program in Pentingsari rurl tourism village.
Peranan dan Pemanfaatan Ruang Publik Pada Permukiman Kampung Vertikal Rusun Pekunden Kota Semarang
Authors: Widiananda Alif Bagoes
Published: July 2018

Pembaharuan kawasan perkotaan menjadi penting dalam usaha peremajaan kota sebagai solusi semakin berkurangnya ketersediaan lahan permukiman dalam perencanaan tata ruang kota yang baik. Langkah kebijakan Pemerintah kota Semarang dalam memenuhi upaya kebutuhan permukiman ini diwujudkan dengan membangun rumah susun. Rumah susun Pekunden yang berlokasi di tengah kota Semarang dibangun untuk merubah wajah kota sekaligus meningkatkan kualitas hunian dan mengembangkan kehidupan sosial budaya serta ekonomi penghuninya. Penelitian dilakukan untuk melihat peranan serta pemanfaatan dari ketersediaan ruang publik pada rusun Pekunden yang digunakan untuk interaksi para penghuni rusun dan juga masyarakat sekitarnya. Metode penelitian menggunakan cara deskriptif kuantitatif yang didapatkan dari hasil pengamatan serta responden objek penelitian. Hasil dari analisis penelitian ditemukan penggunaan ruang publik pada rusun Pekunden sudah cukup optimal yang dapat dilihat dari kontribusi peran dalam pemanfaatan ruang tersebut. Ruang ini dapat membentuk dan menghasilkan satu komunitas dinamis, memberikan keleluasaan bagi para penghuni untuk saling berinteraksi antar sesama mereka dan masyarakat lingkungan sekitarnya, serta memberikan dampak interaksi sosial bermasyarakat yang positif dalam lingkungan permukiman skala kota pada perkembangan kehidupan kota Semarang.
Larvicidal activity of essential oil of Etlingera fenzlii (Kurz) Skronick. & M. Sabu (Zingiberaceae) - The honey bee repellent endemic plant species of the Andaman Nicobar Islands
Authors: Anju S , Aneesh E M , Radha R K
Published: July 2018

Etlingera fenzlii (Kurz) Skronick. & M. Sabu (Zingiberaceae), is an endemic species of the Andaman Nicobar Islands which is exclusively used by the Shompens as a bee repellent for honey collection. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves of E. fenzlii and the volatile constituents of leaves have proved to be effective eco-friendly and possess varying degrees of insect/ pest controlling properties. The present study was focussed on the role of larvicidal activities of the essential oil of E. fenzlii against Aedes aegypti. Larvicidal study was carried out employing WHO standard method and the mortality was observed after 24 h exposure. Larvicidal tests were carried out with the essential oil concentration ranges from 5-50 ppm. Essential oil treatment had higher mortality as compared to control with LC50 value of 11.22 ppm. From the results, it is evident that E. fenzlii can be considered as effective larvicide, signifying an ecofriendly method for the control of mosquito vectors.
On singular curves with Gaussian curvature bounds
Authors: Fang Hao , Wo Weifeng
Published: July 2018

In this short note, we consider piece-wise smooth strictly convex
curves in

ℝ
2

{\mathbb{R}^{2}}

with prescribed singular angles. Given
some geodesic curvature bounds, we give the sharp length estimates.
Rotation in sdB stars as revealed by stellar oscillations
Authors: Charpinet Stephane , Giammichele Noemi , Zong Weikai , Van Grootel Valérie , Brassard Pierre , Fontaine Gilles
Published: July 2018

An interesting opportunity offered by the detection of stellar oscillations is the possibility to infer the internal rotation rate of a star through the so-called rotational splittings. Such seismic measurements remained rather scarce for hot B subdwarf (sdB) stars until the advent of space observations with the Kepler spacecraft. Nowadays, however, a number of rotation measurements have become available, offering a glimpse on the global rotational properties of sdB stars. Here, we briefly discuss what asteroseismology starts to reveal on the rotation rate of these stars. We also make connections with the internal rotation of red-giant and white-dwarf stars. In particular, we show that the very slow rotation rates derived for single sdB stars, and their similarities with the dynamical properties of the cores of red-clump stars, strongly suggest that they evolved from red-giants rather than merger events.We also point out that no more angular momentum seems to be lost by stellar cores throughout the helium burning phase until the cooling white-dwarf stage, indicating that all the braking occurs before, most likely during red-giant branch evolution.
The genus Rosenvingea (Phaeophyceae: Scytosiphonaceae) in south-west Australia, with the description of Rosenvingea australis sp. nov.
Authors: Huisman John M. , Boo Ga Hun , Boo Sung Min
Published: July 2018

Two species of the brown algal genus Rosenvingea are reported from south-west (SW) Australia, including the widely distributed R. orientalis and the new species R. australis Huisman, G.H. Boo et S.M. Boo, sp. nov. Molecular phylogenies of mitochondrial cox3 and plastid psaA unequivocally align the SW Australian R. orientalis with specimens from Vietnam and the species is morphologically consistent throughout its Australian range. Australian specimens of the new species R. australis join with a specimen from New Caledonia and these resolve as a sister species to R. intricata, with levels of pairwise divergence (4.2–4.9% in cox3 and 3.9–4.0% in psaA) comparable to those between other scytosiphonacean species. The new species can be distinguished morphologically by its branch dimensions and the arrangement and size of plurangia, but further studies including molecular analyses of a full range of species and possible morphological variants are needed.
Evidence for the positive impact of ISO 9001 and ISO 15189 quality systems on laboratory performance – evaluation of immunohaematology external quality assessment results during 19 years in Austria
Authors: Buchta Christoph , Coucke Wim , Mayr Wolfgang R. , Müller Mathias M. , Oeser Reinhard , Schweiger Christian R. , Körmöczi Günther F.
Published: July 2018

Background

ISO 9001 and ISO 15189 have been established as continuative models for quality systems beyond national laws, mandatory standards and guidelines of expert associations regarding analytical and organisational performance of medical laboratories and transfusion services. Although widely used, their impact on laboratory performance has not been investigated.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed the results of 167 laboratories in 59 distributions of the Austrian red cell immunohaematology external quality assessment (EQA) scheme in the years 1999–2017. The performance for each parameter and trends of individual participants were compared with respect to certification or accreditation status of participants’ quality systems and to laboratory type.

Results

Considering more than 52,000 EQA results, the absence or presence of a laboratory quality management system showed different error rates. Laboratories with ISO 9001 or ISO 15189 certification/accreditation had 0.7% incorrect results, while this rate was doubled without such quality systems (1.4%, p=0.0002). Statistically significant error reductions were seen upon ISO 9001/ISO 15189 implementation (1.3% before vs. 0.7% after; p=0.0468). Transfusion services had fewer errors (0.9%) compared to hospital and independent laboratories (both 1.2%).

Conclusions

Implementation and maintenance of quality systems according to ISO 9001 or ISO 15189 as well as laboratory specialisation result in better analytical performance as can be seen in immunohaematology EQA results. The conclusion is that these results apply to other laboratory tests and perhaps to other areas of health care.
Mode switching phenomenon in geometrically nonlinear free vibration analysis of in-plane inhomogeneous plates on elastic foundation
Authors: Lohar Hareram , Mitra Anirban , Sahoo Sarmila
Published: July 2018

Effect of geometric nonlinearity onfree vibration behaviour of a non-uniform in-plane inhomogeneousplate on elastic foundation is carried out with an emphasis on mode switching phenomenon. The formulation is semianalytic displacement based and it is carried out in two distinct steps. First, the static problem is solved to find out the unknown displacement field by using minimum total potential energy principle. Secondly, subsequent dynamic problem is set up as an eigenvalue problem on the basis of the known displacement field. The governing set of equations in dynamic problem is obtained by using Hamilton’s principle. In static analysis, unknown co-efficient of the governing equations are solved using an iterative method, which is direct substitution with relaxation method. The dynamic problem is solved with the help of intrinsic Matlab solver. The results of the present method are validated with existing data. Backbone curve corresponding to different combinations of systemparameters are presented in non-dimensional plane.Mode switching is observed to occur in certain specific situation. The linear and nonlinear mode shapes are also furnished to support the presence of switching phenomenon.
Address inversion in Swahili: Usage patterns, cognitive motivation and cultural factors
Authors: Kraska-Szlenk Iwona
Published: July 2018

Address inversion occurs in many languages of the world and involves figurative use of kinship terms in the “reversed” meaning. In pragmatically defined contexts, a son can be called ‘daddy’, a daughter ‘mummy’, etc. The article explains general cognitive mechanisms underlying this widespread linguistic behavior, drawing parallels to other strategies based on opposition and used to express positive emotions. A detailed case study of Swahili will demonstrate that the phenomenon of address inversion is best understood, when a cognitive analysis takes into account a full sociolinguistic and cultural context. In addition, variation observed in Swahili usage patterns of address inversion provides insights into paths of semantic change which some kinship terms have undergone evolving into general words of endearment or discourse markers. The article contributes to cognitive linguistic research on emotions and words of endearment, and to studies on polysemy of kinship terms. The results shed light on general issues of language-culture interface and sociolinguistic contexts of semantic change.
Bacon’s New Atlantis and the Fictional Origins of Organised Science
Authors: Lucas Peter
Published: July 2018

It is a commonplace that science fiction draws inspiration from science fact. It is a less familiar thought-though still widely acknowledged-that science has sometimes drawn its inspiration from science fiction. (Arthur C. Clarke’s idea of geostationary communications satellites is a well-known example.) However, the debt of science to science fiction extends beyond such specific examples of scientific and technological innovations. This essay explores the paradoxical-sounding thesis that science itself, as we now know it, was originally the product of a science fiction vision. At a time when the collective endeavours of early modern researchers amounted to something less than science, Francis Bacon’s New Atlantis (1627) helped show what wonders might be achieved by organised and methodical state-sponsored scientific research. Bacon’s vision was highly prescient: many of the scientific possibilities he sketched have since become realities. It was also highly influential: early modern science bears the characteristic stamp of Bacon’s vision, and that same influence is discernible right down to the present day.
Cognitive error in an academic emergency department
Authors: Schnapp Benjamin H. , Sun Jean E. , Kim Jeremy L. , Strayer Reuben J. , Shah Kaushal H.
Published: July 2018

Background

Medical error is a leading cause of death nationwide. While systems issues have been closely investigated as a contributor to error, little is known about the cognitive factors that contribute to diagnostic error in an emergency department (ED) environment.

Methods

Eight months of patient revisits within 72 h where patients were admitted on their second visit were examined. Fifty-two cases of confirmed error were identified and classified using a modified version of the Australian Patient Safety Foundation classification system for medical errors by a group of trained physicians.

Results

Faulty information processing was the most frequently identified category of error (45% of cases), followed by faulty verification (31%). Faulty knowledge (6%) and faulty information gathering (18%) occurred relatively infrequently. “Misjudging the salience of a finding” and “premature closure” were the individual errors that occurred most frequently (13%).

Conclusions

Despite the complex nature of diagnostic reasoning, cognitive errors of information processing appear to occur at higher rates than other errors, and in a similar pattern to an internal medicine service despite a different clinical environment. Further research is needed to elucidate why these errors occur and how to mitigate them.
New Approach for n-Hexadecane Biodegradation by Sol-Gel Entrapped Bacterial Cells
Authors: Chernev Georgi , Christova Nelly , Kabaivanova Lyudmila , Nacheva Lilyana
Published: July 2018

In this study sol-gel hybrid materials in the system SiO2-chitosan (CS) - polyethylene glycol (PEG), as novel structures with potential application in bioremediation were investigated. The organic components - CS and PEG were used as structural modifiers for functionality improvement. The catabolic activity to n-hexadecane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa BN10 free and immobilized cells was estimated. The cell immobilization technique was employed to evaluate its efficiency on biodegradation and protective effect from high levels of hydrocarbons. The characteristics of obtained hybrid materials were investigated via X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic-force microscopy (AFM) analyses. The obtained results revealed that the organic part in the synthesized hybrids is important for microstructure and defined properties creation. The rate of n-hexadecane mineralization by the bacterial strain was influenced by variation in cell densities applied in the immobilization procedures. Semi-continuous processes with multiple xenobiotic supplies were carried out. The synthesized by the sol-gel method hybrid matrices proved to be suitable carriers for realizing an effective biodegradation process of n-hexadecane by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BN10. Biodegradation of 50 kg/m3 of n-hexadecane was realized by free cells. Significantly greater quantity (150 kg/m3) was mineralized for 15 active cycles by entrapped bacterial cells. Biodegradation process with gradual increase of xenobiotic concentration reaching 30 kg/m3 for 120 h was also accomplished.
Importance of Endophytic Strains Pantoea agglomerans in the Biological Control of Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Nabrdalik Małgorzata , Moliszewska Ewa , Wierzba Sławomir
Published: July 2018

Antagonistic activity of microorganisms against phytopathogens is mainly the results of plants’ health improvement due to the inhibition of pathogens growth and the induction of plants resistance against diseases. The aim of the research was to determine antagonistic properties of Pantoea agglomerans against Rhizoctonia solani. The properties of two strains P. agglomerans BC17 and BC45 were assessed according to the following criteria: mycelial growth of R. solani in the presence of bacterial metabolites, an impact of P. agglomerans on the growth of sugar beet in the pots containing soil with and addition of R. solani and without it, the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). It has been recorded that antagonistic properties of tested strains are different. In the presence of metabolites of BC17 strains, the mycelial growth of R. solani was inhibited by 78 % and for the strain BC45 the value amounted 46 %. In the pot bioassay the number of infested plants growing in the soil inoculated with P. agglomerans and the pathogen was lower when compared with the pots containing R solani. A higher reduction of infested plants, amounting 23 %, was obtained for the strain BC17. Both strains had the ability to produce IAA - a plant hormone of the auxin class, in the presence of tryptophan and its absence in the medium. The highest concentration of IAA was recorded after 7 days of culturing in the supernatant obtained from the media containing 2000 μg/cm3 of tryptophan. For the strain BC17 the concentration of IAA marked in the post - culturing liquid amounted 71.57 μg/cm3, and for the BC45 strain it amounted over 80 μg/cm3. Obtained results prove that P. agglomerans may be used in the biological protection against phytopatogenic strains of R. solani.
Wireless Light-Weight IEC 61850 Based Loss of Mains Protection for Smart Grid
Authors: Mekkanen Mike , Kauhaniemi Kimmo
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a novel Loss of Mains (LoM) protection method based on IEC 61850 Manufacturing Messages Specification (MMS) protocol over wireless Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) based access point name (APN) mechanism. LoM or anti islanding protection is a key requirement in modern power distribution grids where there is significant amount of distributed energy resources (DER). The future Smart Grids are based on extensive communication capabilities and thus the communication based LoM approaches will also become dominant. The IEC 61850 standard based systems are gaining ground in the substation communication, and therefore, it is natural to expand this technology deeper into the distribution network. Using this standard for LoM protection, also enables some advanced approaches utilizing large variety of information available in the Smart Grid. There is a specific part of the standard, IEC 61850-7-420, which defines logical nodes (LNs) suitable for this purpose; but, there are no available devices applying this part of the standard yet. In this research, a light-weight implementation of IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices) is developed using a low-cost open microcontroller platform, Beagle Bone, and an open source software. Using this platform, a wireless LoM solution based on IEC 61850 MMS protocol has been developed and demonstrated. This paper introduces object modelling according to IEC 61850-7-420 defined LNs and an implementation applying direct client server MMS based communication between lightweight IEDs. The performance of the wireless application using the developed platform is demonstrated by measuring the message latencies.

In this paper, a novel LoM protection concept is proposed based on the standardized communication solution brought by IEC 61850 and specific LNs for DERs defined in IEC 61850-7-420. A light-weight implementation of an IEC 61850 based IED is developed in order to reduce large overhead information and complexity of the standard. In addition to LoM function, the developed solution has the ability to monitor DERs status. The available monitoring information can be shared among various distribution management systems (DMS), enabling distributed decision approach for various purposes.
Where Do Accelerators Fit in the Venture Creation Pipeline? Different Values Brought by Different Types of Accelerators
Authors: Yang Shu , Kher Romi , Lyons Thomas S.
Published: July 2018

Despite the emergence of startup accelerators as venture development organizations (VDOs) to high-growth firms, research has yet to identify where these accelerators fit into the venture development ecosystem. By clarifying and reviewing three different subsystems in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, our paper proposes that as an extension of the current incubation mechanism, accelerators contribute to the entrepreneurial ecosystem by transforming entrepreneurs and their ventures at early stages. Drawing upon the Pipeline model (Lichtenstein, G. A., and T. S. Lyons. 2006. “Managing the community's pipeline of entrepreneurs and enterprises: A new way of thinking about business assets.”Economic Development Quarterly20 (4): 377–386.), we first plot where the accelerator model fits in the broader entrepreneurship ecosystem, and then demonstrate how different types of accelerators help participating entrepreneurs and their ventures progress along the venture development pipeline. Our theoretical approach contributes to both the entrepreneurship ecosystem and the accelerator literature and provides a practical map for both policymakers and early-stage entrepreneurs to manage and utilize their entrepreneurship ecosystem more effectively.
Judaic Challenges to the Legitimacy of Israel
Authors: Rabkin Yakov
Published: July 2018

Legitimacy implies the existence of a framework within which it is assessed. The framework chosen for this paper is the religion of Judaism. This is, of course, contingent on the assumption that the state of Israel is related to Judaism, whatever its stream. Both the founding fathers of Zionism and their detractors emphasized the discontinuity and the revolutionary nature of the new political movement in Jewish history. Traditional leaders of Judaism almost unanimously condemned Zionism as an alien and perfidious import. They refused it all legitimacy. However, the policy of centrality of Israel exported around the world by Israeli educators for several decades has borne fruit. Many Jews find it difficult to separate Zionism from the Jewish identity as it has been taught to them. Their identity is often centred on political support for the State of Israel, and they see advocacy for Israel — a special course in the curriculum of many private Jewish schools — as a key part of being Jewish. The question of Israel divides the Jews more than any other. In view of the vast diversity of views, Judaic legitimacy of Israel depends of the kind of Judaism in question. In terms of traditional Judaic scholarship, espoused by most Haredim, Zionism and the state that embodies it are at best irrelevant to their Judaism. Yet, more modernized Jewish communities embrace the centrality of Israel with a lot of emotion. They cannot imagine a Judaism without Israel. In their often romantic view of Israel they cannot understand how a pious Jew can live in Jerusalem and remain intransigent in his rejection of Zionism.
Variable exponent fractional integrals in the limiting case α(x)p(n) ≡ n on quasimetric measure spaces
Authors: Samko Stefan
Published: July 2018

We show that the fractional operator

I

α
⁢

(
⋅
)

{I^{\alpha(\,\cdot\,)}}

, of variable order on a bounded open set in Ω, in a quasimetric measure space

(
X
,
d
,
μ
)

{(X,d,\mu)}

in the case

α
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
p
⁢

(
x
)

≡
n

{\alpha(x)p(x)\equiv n}

(where n comes from the growth condition on the measure μ), is bounded from the variable exponent Lebesgue space

L

p
⁢

(
⋅
)

⁢

(
Ω
)

{L^{p(\,\cdot\,)}(\Omega)}

into

BMO
⁢

(
Ω
)

{\mathrm{BMO}(\Omega)}

under certain assumptions on

p
⁢

(
x
)

{p(x)}

and

α
⁢

(
x
)

{\alpha(x)}

.
Exploring the motivational antecedents of Nepalese learners of L2 English
Authors: Schmidtke-Bode Karsten , Kachel Gregor
Published: July 2018

This paper is the first to examine the motivational disposition of Nepalese learners of L2 English. Based on an adapted version of the questionnaire in (Kormos, Judit & Kata Csizér. 2008. Age-related differences in motivation of learning English as a foreign language: Attitudes, selves, and motivated behavior.Language Learning58. 327–355. Doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00443.x.), we test the robustness and culture-specific applicability of well-known motivational antecedents to this learner population, and we investigate how the effects of these antecedents are mediated by the learners’ gender, age and regional aspects of the educational setting. In doing so, we offer novel ways of analyzing the data: Firstly, we employ random forests and conditional inference trees for assessing the relative importance of motivational antecedents. Secondly, we complement the traditional ‘scale-based approach’, which focuses on holistic constructs like the ‘Ideal L2 Self’, with an ‘item-based approach’ that highlights more specific components of such scales. The results are interpreted with reference to the L2 Motivational Self System (Dörnyei, Zoltán. 2005.The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum) and to previous studies on other Asian populations of L2 learners.
On the centralizer of generic braids
Authors: González-Meneses Juan , Valladares Dolores
Published: July 2018

We study the centralizer of a braid from the point of view of Garside theory, showing that generically a minimal set of generators can be computed very efficiently, as the ultra summit set of a generic braid has a very particular structure. We present an algorithm to compute the centralizer of a braid whose generic-case complexity is quadratic on the length of the input, and which outputs a minimal set of generators in the generic case.
Geographic variation in quantitative skull traits in the genus Myoprocta Thomas, 1903 (Rodentia, Dasyproctidae) and its taxonomic implications
Authors: Teta Pablo
Published: July 2018

The genus Myoprocta Thomas, 1903 includes two living species of medium-sized caviomorph rodents of the family Dasyproctidae, the red acouchi, Myoprocta acouchy (Erxleben 1777), and the green acouchi, Myoprocta pratti Pocock 1913. Whereas some recent revisionary work has considered both species to be allopatrically distributed, other reports suggest that both taxa co-occur in eastern Colombia. In this contribution, I revaluate some qualitative and quantitative skull traits within Myoprocta to clarify its taxonomy and distribution. Multivariate analyses of quantitative skull characters support the distinction between M. acouchy and M. pratti, contradicting the findings of some previous authors. Based on these results and the examination of ~100 skins, I concur with the hypothesis that the two species are allopatrically distributed.
Resistance and the Sacred: An Approach to the Various Meanings of the “Right to the Sacred” in Mexico Today
Authors: Rabinovici Silvana
Published: July 2018

This article analyses a certain philosophical (ethical and political) interpretation of “the sacred” as brought up by native world views of indigenous peoples in the American continent from a decolonial approach. Translation is used as resistance that resounds in the social-environmental struggles in our continent nowadays, particularly in Mexico. The appropriation of the term “sacred” by native peoples reveals the colonial political theory of the State. By challenging consumerism and ecological destruction, the translation of the indigenous concept of ‟sacred” into an ecological conception of intrinsic link between people and “nature” enables a dialogue between those cultures and the warning of modern science about global warming and the over-exploitation of the earth’s resources.
Henrique Vaz, Darwin and Cassirer: Being Human and Transcendence
Authors: Portugal Agnaldo
Published: July 2018

This article compares the approach of the Brazilian philosopher Henrique Vaz to the ones of Charles Darwin and Ernst Cassirer about human nature. Firstly, the text expounds Darwin’s ideas about human species in his The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871), showing how the strictly biological approach is insightful in many respects, but becomes insufficient to understand humans in some other important points. Secondly, the article argues that those insufficiencies of Darwin’s theory may be overcome by the culture centered understanding of the human phenomenon held by Ernst Cassirer. Some other inadequacies are shown in Cassirer’s account, however, which can be resolved - preserving the virtues of both his and Darwin’s theories - by Henrique Vaz’s dialectic conception of humans as beings towards transcendence.
Freedom from the Self: Luther and Løgstrup on Sin as “Incurvatus in Se”
Authors: Rabjerg Bjørn , Stern Robert
Published: July 2018

The aim of this paper is to compare Martin Luther and K. E. Løgstrup on the theme of sin and grace, and to argue that while Løgstrup wanted to stay close to Luther in many respects, he nonetheless provides a secularized version of Luther’s picture, according to which we are liberated from our sinfulness not by God’s grace, but by our ethical encounter with other people. This then raises the question of whether Løgstrup’s approach can work, and thus whether this secularized alternative can be made stable and coherent. We begin by focusing on central themes concerning Løgstrup’s relation to Luther. We then outline the key features of Luther’s conception of sin and grace that were important to Løgstrup , and then consider how he develops that conception in a secularized manner. Finally, we discuss problems that might be raised for Løgstrup’s position.
Applying the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) in the Treatment of Acute Liver Failure (ALF) Case Report
Authors: Gavrilovic Jagoda , Velickovic Jelena Djordjevic , Mijailovic Zeljko , Lazarevic Tatjana , Gavrilovic Aleksandar , Tomovic Miroslav
Published: July 2018

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare but life-threatening illness with multiple organ failure. The short-term mortality rate exceeded 80 % despite modern approaches in treatment. Drugs, infections by hepatic viruses and toxins are the most common causes of ALF. Progressive jaundice, coagulation disorder and hepatic encephalopathy are dominated as a clinical signs of the illness. We present a case of a 36-year-old Caucasian woman hospitalized in ICU due to yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera, severe disseminated coagulopathy and hemodynamic instability. ALF is developed due to Hepatitis B Virus infection, resulting in hepatic toxicity as well as coma. General condition rapidly improved after applying of Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS), an extracorporeal liver support system based on albumin dialysis. It is relatively expensive treatment that is used for the patient with hepatic encephalopathy grade 3 or 4 in our institution. In conclusion, an early administration of MARS significantly reveals subjective and objective clinical improvement in the case we presented.