bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alkyl Arenes and Alcohols: Cobalt Supported on Natural Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Shaabani Shabnam , Afaridoun Hadi
Published: September 2016

The title reaction gives corresponding carbonyl compounds using air as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Sequential Dehydrogenation—Conjugate Addition for β‐Functionalization of Saturated Ketones: Scope and Mechanism.
Authors: Jie Xiaoming , Shang Yaping , Zhang Xiaofeng , Su Weiping
Published: September 2016

The coupling reaction of saturated ketones with nitrogen‐, oxygen‐, and carbon nucleophiles affords the corresponding β‐functionalized ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Friendly Cyclotrimerization of Substituted Acetophenones Catalyzed by a New Nanocomposite of γ‐Al2O3 Nanoparticles Decorated with H5PW10V2O40.
Authors: Tayebee Reza , Savoji Kokab , Razi Maryam Kargar , Maleki Behrooz
Published: September 2016

Highly 1,3,5‐substituted benzenes are obtained in good yields without formation of any undesired 1,2,4‐substituted product in suitable reaction times and with water as the only by‐product.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxo‐Rhenium Catalyzed Reductive Coupling and Deoxygenation of Alcohols.
Authors: Kasner Gabrielle R. , Boucher‐Jacobs Camille , McClain J. Michael II , Nicholas Kenneth M.
Published: September 2016

The rhenium‐catalyzed reaction of alcohol (I) with PPh3 leads to the dimeric hydrocarbon (II), whilst alcohols (III) and (V) give rise to deoxygenation products (IV) and (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 9,10‐Phenanthrenes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryne Annulation by o‐Halostyrenes and Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Tylophorine.
Authors: Yao Tuanli , Zhang Haiming , Zhao Yanna
Published: September 2016

In situ generated arynes react with ortho‐iodostyrenes to form 9,10‐phenanthrenes including product (IX) which is as a precursor of alkaloid (.+‐.)‐tylophorine (X).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot and Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of New Spiroindolones Using Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes as Powerful Catalyst.
Authors: Rashidi Alimorad , Tavakoli Ziba , Tarak Yaser , Khodabakhshi Saeed , Abbasabadi Masoud Khaleghi
Published: September 2016

A one‐pot, three‐component protocol is presented using oxidized MWCNT as heterogeneous catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Three‐Component Cascade Reaction to Construct Oxindole‐Fused Spirotetrahydrofurochroman Scaffolds for Drug Discovery.
Authors: Qiu Lin , Wang Dongwei , Lei Yubing , Gao Lixin , Liu Shunying , Li Jia , Hu Wenhao
Published: September 2016

A one‐pot synthesis of new oxindole‐fused polycyclic scaffolds is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxetane/Azetidine Containing Spirocycles via the 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Jones Benjamin , Proud Mitchell , Sridharan Visuvanathar
Published: September 2016

Two strategies are presented for the synthesis of the title compounds via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Substituted Benzofurans from ortho‐Alkenylphenols via Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Yang Dejun , Zhu Yifei , Yang Na , Jiang Qiangqiang , Liu Renhua
Published: September 2016

A dehydrogenative oxygenation of C(sp2)—H bonds with intramolecular phenolic hydroxy groups is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Photoinduced Cobalt‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrroles Through in situ‐Generated Acylazirines.
Authors: Pusch Stefan , Kowalczyk Danuta , Opatz Till
Published: September 2016

The preparation of the desired pyrrole derivatives starts from isoxazole substrates in the presence of a Co catalyst under irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: An Approach to Five‐Membered Lactams from Aliphatic Amides and Terminal Acetylenes by Nickel Catalysis.
Authors: Lin Cong , Zhang Jitan , Chen Zhengkai , Liu Yue , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Yuhong
Published: September 2016

The title transformation involves an oxidative alkynylation followed by an intramolecular annulation process.The method is also extended to aromatic amides and acrylamides to give a variety of isoindolinone and pyrrolidinone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Dearomatization of 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐1H‐indoles Obtained by Metal‐ and Solvent‐Free Thermal 5‐endo‐dig Cyclization: The Route to Erythrina and Lycorine Alkaloids.
Authors: Andreev Ivan A. , Ratmanova Nina K. , Novoselov Anton M. , Belov Dmitry S. , Seregina Irina F. , Kurkin Alexander V.
Published: September 2016

Title components of type (II) and (IV) are readily obtained from aminopropargylic alcohols under elevated temperature within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium Catalyzed Three Component Cycloaddition Cascades to Fused Ring Heterocycles.
Authors: Hunter Jamie , Pask Christopher M. , Sridharan Visuvanathar
Published: September 2016

Condensation of in situ generated aldehydes with L‐proline provides azomethine ylide intermediates, which undergo a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with maleimide to form a mixture of exo‐ and endo‐cycloadducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐(1‐Arylvinyl)‐1H‐benzimidazoles: Overcoming the Limitation of Acetamide Partners.
Authors: Naret Timothee , Retailleau Pascal , Bignon Jerome , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad , Hamze Abdallah
Published: September 2016

The title reaction involves a Barluenga cross‐coupling and N‐arylation followed by cyclization to produce functionalized benzimidazoles in one‐pot.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyoxomolybdate‐Stabilized Cu2O Nanoparticles as an Efficient Catalyst for the Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition.
Authors: Amini Mojtaba , Naslhajian Hadi , F. Farnia S. Morteza , Kyoung Kang Hee , Gautam Sanjeev , Chae Keun Hwa
Published: September 2016

For the first time, polyoxomolybdate‐stabilized Cu2O nanoparticles are utilized as a recyclable catalyst for the Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of terminal alkynes, aryl/alkyl halides and Na3 to afford 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives (III) in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Chromeno[2,3‐b]isoindolo[1,2‐e]pyrrole‐12,13‐dione Derivatives by Sequential Reaction of Ninhydrin, 2‐Aminochromen‐4‐ones and Arylamines.
Authors: Biswas Pritam , Ghosh Jaydip , Bandyopadhyay Chandrakanta
Published: September 2016

Hitherto unreported title compounds can be synthesized either sequentially or in an one‐pot procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Addition/Cyclization Cascade of Activated Alkenes with Alcohols: Access to Carbonyl Substituted Quinoline‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Wang Shi‐Sheng , Fu Hong , Wang Guanlin , Sun Meng , Li Ya‐Min
Published: September 2016

A convenient and efficient iron‐catalyzed radical addition/cyclization cascade of o‐cyanoarylacrylamides with alcohols is presented for the synthesis of carbonyl substituted quinoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones in moderate to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoquinolines via Rh‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/C—N Cyclization with Diazodiesters or Diazoketoesters as a C2 Source.
Authors: Wang Jie , Zha Shanke , Chen Kehao , Zhang Feifei , Zhu Jin
Published: September 2016

The reaction has a broad substrate scope.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Alkynylation of 3H‐Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines Using gem‐Dibromoalkenes as Alkynes Source.
Authors: Aziz Jessy , Baladi Tom , Piguel Sandrine
Published: September 2016

The method presented is highly efficient in the presence of either CuBrSMe2 [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Switching the Regioselectivity in the Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Iodoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Samanta Sadhanendu , Jana Sourav , Mondal Susmita , Monir Kamarul , Chandra Swapan K. , Hajra Alakananda
Published: September 2016

Depending on the amount of I2 used, the corresponding 2‐phenyl or 3‐iodoimidazopyridine derivatives are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Pyrroloquinolines by a Broensted Acid Catalyzed [4 + 2]‐Heterocyclization of Indole‐7‐carbaldehydes, Anilines and Electron‐Rich Alkenes.
Authors: Galvan Alicia , Fontaneda Raquel , Fananas Francisco J. , Rodriguez Felix
Published: September 2016

Pyrroloquinolines are diastereoselectively prepared by a novel one‐pot three‐component coupling.The reaction involves an unusual [4 + 2]‐heterocyclization between an in situ formed imine and electron‐rich alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Percarboxylic Acid Oxidation of α‐Hydroxy‐Substituted Alkoxyallenes: The Unexpected Formation of Acyloxy‐Substituted 1,2‐Diketones and the Synthesis of Functionalized Quinoxalines.
Authors: Klemme Robby , Bentz Christoph , Zukowski Tomasz , Schefzig Luise , Lentz Dieter , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Zimmer Reinhold
Published: September 2016

In addition to the transformation of the prepared 1,2‐diketones into quinoxalines, their conversion into imidazole, thiophene and 4‐oxoalk‐2‐enoate derivatives is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzopyrazinoisoindigo or Its Reduced Form? Synthesis, Clarification, and Application in Field‐Effect Transistors.
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhao Zhiyuan , Ai Na , Pei Jian , Liu Yunqi , Wan Xiaobo
Published: September 2016

A reinvestigation of the title pigment reveals that it is actually alkylated (4H,4′H)‐benzopyrazinoisoindigo (Ia‐c), which could be considered as the reduced form of benzopyrazinoisoindigo, and hence, it is a good candidate for p‐type semiconductors.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Regioselective Construction of 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐thiazine by Rhodium Catalyzed [3 + 3] Cycloaddition of Thiirane with 1‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazole: A Pronounced Acid Additive Effect.
Authors: Lu Xiao‐Long , Liu Ya‐Ting , Wang Qing‐Xia , Shen Mei‐Hua , Xu Hua‐Dong
Published: September 2016

Omitting AcOH as additive results in significant lower yields even at enhanced reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious and Convenient Synthesis of Polycyclic Difluoroboron Complexes of 2‐Oxoindoline‐3‐carboxamides by Tandem Reaction.
Authors: Mo Shanyan , Xu Chuangchuang , Xu Jiaxi
Published: September 2016

The boron trifluoride etherate serves as both a catalyst and reactant in the tandem reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction for Regioselective Aryl‐ and Heteroarylselenation of Indoles Using Selenium Powder.
Authors: Luo Dongping , Wu Ge , Yang Hang , Liu Miaochang , Gao Wenxia , Huang Xiaobo , Chen Jiuxi , Wu Huayue
Published: September 2016

A copper‐catalyzed C3 aryl‐ and heteroarylselenation of indoles employing selenium powder is developed, which is also elaborated in an intramolecular phenylselenation of a (hetero) aryl C—H bond to construct a motif of benzoselenopheno[3,2‐b]indole.
ChemInform Abstract: Low Temperature Synthesis of LiSi2N3 Nanobelts via Molten Salt Nitridation and Their Photoluminescence Properties.
Authors: Liang Feng , Tian Liang , Zhang Haijun , Liang Feng , Liu Simin , Cheng Rongsheng , Zhang Shaowei
Published: September 2016

The title nanobelts are synthesized from a mixture of silicon, melamine, LiCl, and NaF powders (alumina crucible, N2, 900—1200 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Functionality, and Application of Metal Oxide‐Coated Noble Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Shuhua , Regulacio Michelle D. , Tee Si Yin , Khin Yin Win , Teng Choon Peng , Koh Leng Duei , Guan Guijian , Han Ming‐Yong
Published: September 2016

Review: [67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Guide on the Synthesis of Metal Chelates for Molecular Imaging and Therapy by Means of Click Chemistry
Authors: Notni Johannes , Wester Hans‐Juergen
Published: September 2016

Review: [67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Group Migrations Between Boron and Metal Centres within Transition Metal—Borane and —Boryl Complexes and Cleavage of H—H, E—H and E—E′ Bonds
Authors: Owen Gareth R.
Published: September 2016

Review: [73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Mediated Carbometalation Reactions
Authors: Mueller D. S. , Marek I.
Published: September 2016

Review: overview on copper‐mediated carbometalation reactions with a special emphasis on carbometalation of cyclopropenes; 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Protocols on 6H‐Benzo[c]chromen‐6‐ones: A Review
Authors: Mazimba Ofentse
Published: September 2016

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular [4 + 3] Cycloaddition Reactions: Anthracene and Its Derivatives as Dienes
Authors: Al‐Saeedi Adel , Karama Usama , Sultan Mujeeb A. , Farooqui Mazahar
Published: September 2016

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: tert‐Butanesulfinamides as Nitrogen Nucleophiles in Carbon—Nitrogen Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Hernandez Johana Ramirez , Chemla Fabrice , Ferreira Franck , Jackowski Olivier , Oble Julie , Perez‐Luna Alejandro , Poli Giovanni
Published: September 2016

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Soft Approaches to CO2 Activation
Authors: Das Shoubhik , Bobbink Felix D. , Gopakumar Aswin , Dyson Paul J.
Published: September 2016

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Indolizines and Their π‐Expanded Analogues
Authors: Sadowski Bartlomiej , Klajn Jan , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: September 2016

Review: [90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers for Controlled Chemotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Li Menghuan , Luo Zhong , Zhao Yanli
Published: September 2016

Review: [77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Application of Polyoxometalates for Dye‐Sensitized/Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ye Tengling , Wang Junhai , Dong Guohua , Jiang Yanxia , Feng Chen , Yang Yulin
Published: September 2016

Review: 76 refs.
Preclinical and Healthy Volunteer Studies of Potential Drug–Drug Interactions Between Tenapanor and Phosphate Binders
Authors: Johansson Susanne , Leonsson‐Zachrisson Maria , Knutsson Mikael , Spencer Andrew G. , Labonté Eric D. , Deshpande Desiree , Kohler Jill , Kozuka Kenji , Charmot Dominique , Rosenbaum David P.
Published: September 2016

Tenapanor (RDX5791, AZD1722), a first‐in‐class small molecule with minimal systemic availability, is an inhibitor of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3. Tenapanor acts locally in the gut, where it reduces absorption of sodium and phosphate. It is being studied in patients with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis, who are often administered phosphate binders such as sevelamer to help control hyperphosphatemia. We investigated whether coadministration of tenapanor with phosphate binders (sevelamer or calcium‐based binders) impacts the pharmacodynamic effects of tenapanor. In vitro studies suggested a binding interaction between tenapanor and sevelamer, but this did not translate into altered pharmacodynamic effects in rats. An open‐label, 2‐way crossover study was then conducted in healthy volunteers (NCT02346890). This showed that 4 days’ treatment with tenapanor hydrochloride (15 mg twice daily) with or without sevelamer carbonate (800 mg 3 times daily) resulted in comparable 24‐hour stool and urinary sodium and phosphorus levels. Stool frequency, consistency, and weight were also comparable between the treatments. These results suggest that the binding between sevelamer and tenapanor observed in vitro does not translate into altered pharmacodynamic effects in humans.
Zinc(II) Ion Sensing in Aqueous Micellar Solution Using Modified Bipyridine‐Based “Turn‐On” Fluorescent Probes and its Application in Bioimaging
Authors: Pawar Shweta , Akula Mahesh , Labala Suman , Venuganti Venkata Vamsi Krishna , Bhattacharya Anupam , Nag Amit
Published: September 2016

The bipyridine‐based constructs 4‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)‐3H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐c]quinoline (PPQ) and [6‐(3H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐c]quinolin‐4‐yl)pyridin‐2‐yl]methanol (PPQ‐OH) and their assemblies with surfactants are evaluated as turn‐on fluorescent sensors for Zn2+ ions in aqueous solution. This study strives to overcome the problem of low water solubility of the hydrophobic PPQ and PPQ‐OH by using micelles. Whereas the ligands show selective sensing behavior for Zn2+ over important biological cations including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ in anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate and non‐ionic Tween 80 micelles, no Zn2+ sensing is observed in cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles. Unlike in DMF, Cd2+ interference is observed in aqueous conditions, which can be avoided either by performing the study at pH≥9 or by carrying out a time‐resolved fluorescence study. Analysis of the Job plot data, the fluorescence lifetimes, and experiments on varying micellar shape and pH, confirms that the coordination volume of the resulting octahedral metal complex and formation of a five‐membered chelate ring are critical factors for Cd2+ interference. The described sensing systems are capable of detecting Zn2+ ions at the micromolar level. Additionally, it is shown that PPQ and PPQ‐OH can be used to detect Zn2+ in HeLa cells under physiological conditions in bioimaging studies.
Observation of the δ to ε Zr‐hydride transition by in‐situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Maimaitiyili T. , Steuwer A. , Blomqvist J. , Bjerkén C. , Blackmur M.S. , Zanellato O. , Andrieux J. , Ribeiro F.
Published: September 2016

We investigate the formation and dissolution of hydrides in commercially pure zirconium powder in‐situ using high‐energy synchrotron X‐ray radiation. Experimental results showed a continuous phase transition between the δ and ε zirconium hydride phases with indication of a second order phase transformation.
Optimal cooperative beamforming design in cognitive radio networks with multiple secondary user links
Authors: Zeraatkar Moghaddam Javad , Farrokhi Hamid , Neda Naaser
Published: September 2016

In this paper, a novel beamforming method is proposed for a more realistic cognitive radio system with several secondary transmitters and receivers, a number of relays, and 1 primary transmitter and receiver. When the primary user link is idle, all secondary transmitters access temporal spectrum holes to simultaneously broadcast their information to the relays each associated with an infinite buffer. In the next stage, the relays transmit the information to the secondary receivers using a cooperative beamforming method no matter whether primary user link is silent or not. The proposed method of designing the beamforming vector enables the system to maximize the power received by the secondary users while maintaining the interference plus noise power at the primary user receiver below a predefined threshold. Results of simulations confirm validity of the method and improved performance compared to the zero‐forcing beamforming. The impact of channel quality between nodes on the performance of the system is also investigated.
A new ontology‐based multi agent framework for intrusion detection
Authors: Retnaswamy Bharathi , Ponniah Krishna Kumar
Published: September 2016

Ontologies play an essential role in knowledge sharing and exploration, especially in multiagent systems. Intrusion is an unauthorized activity in a network, which is achieved by either active manner (information gathering) or passive manner (harmful packet forwarding). Most of the existing intrusion detection system (IDS) suffers from the following issues: it is usually adjusted to detect known service level network attacks and leaves from vulnerable to original and novel malicious attacks. Thus, it provides low accuracy and detection rate, which are the important problems of existing IDS. To overwhelm these drawbacks, an ontology‐based multiagent IDS framework is developed in this work for intrusion detection. The main intention of this work is to detect the network attacks with the help of multiple detection agents. In this analysis, there are 3 different types of agents, ie, IDS broker, deputy commander, and response agent, which are used to prevent and detect the attacks in a network. The novel concept of this work is based on the concept of signature matching; it identifies and detects the attackers with the help of multiple agents.
Models of Eucalypt phenology predict bat population flux
Authors: Giles John R. , Plowright Raina K. , Eby Peggy , Peel Alison J. , McCallum Hamish
Published: September 2016

Fruit bats (Pteropodidae) have received increased attention after the recent emergence of notable viral pathogens of bat origin. Their vagility hinders data collection on abundance and distribution, which constrains modeling efforts and our understanding of bat ecology, viral dynamics, and spillover. We addressed this knowledge gap with models and data on the occurrence and abundance of nectarivorous fruit bat populations at 3 day roosts in southeast Queensland. We used environmental drivers of nectar production as predictors and explored relationships between bat abundance and virus spillover. Specifically, we developed several novel modeling tools motivated by complexities of fruit bat foraging ecology, including: (1) a dataset of spatial variables comprising Eucalypt‐focused vegetation indices, cumulative precipitation, and temperature anomaly; (2) an algorithm that associated bat population response with spatial covariates in a spatially and temporally relevant way given our current understanding of bat foraging behavior; and (3) a thorough statistical learning approach to finding optimal covariate combinations. We identified covariates that classify fruit bat occupancy at each of our three study roosts with 86–93% accuracy. Negative binomial models explained 43–53% of the variation in observed abundance across roosts. Our models suggest that spatiotemporal heterogeneity in Eucalypt‐based food resources could drive at least 50% of bat population behavior at the landscape scale. We found that 13 spillover events were observed within the foraging range of our study roosts, and they occurred during times when models predicted low population abundance. Our results suggest that, in southeast Queensland, spillover may not be driven by large aggregations of fruit bats attracted by nectar‐based resources, but rather by behavior of smaller resident subpopulations. Our models and data integrated remote sensing and statistical learning to make inferences on bat ecology and disease dynamics. This work provides a foundation for further studies on landscape‐scale population movement and spatiotemporal disease dynamics.
How mammalian predation contributes to tropical tree community structure
Authors: Paine C. E. Timothy , Beck Harald , Terborgh John
Published: September 2016

The recruitment of seedlings from seeds is the key demographic transition for rain forest trees. Though tropical forest mammals are known to consume many seeds, their effects on tree community structure remain little known. To evaluate their effects, we monitored 8,000 seeds of 24 tree species using exclosure cages that were selectively permeable to three size classes of mammals for up to 4.4 years. Small and medium‐bodied mammals removed many more seeds than did large mammals, and they alone generated beta diversity and negative density dependence, whereas all mammals reduced diversity and shaped local species composition. Thus, small and medium‐bodied mammals more strongly contributed to community structure and promoted species coexistence than did large mammals. Given that seedling recruitment is seed limited for most species, alterations to the composition of the community of mammalian seed predators is expected to have long‐term consequences for tree community structure in tropical forests.
Genetic diversity of seagrass seeds influences seedling morphology and biomass
Authors: Randall Hughes A. , Hanley Torrance C. , Schenck Forest R. , Hays Cynthia G.
Published: September 2016

Genetic diversity can influence ecological processes throughout ontogeny, yet whether diversity at early life history stages is important in long‐lived taxa with overlapping generations is unclear. Seagrass systems provide some of the best evidence for the ecological effects of genetic diversity among adult shoots, but we do not know if the genetic diversity of seeds and seedlings also influences seagrass ecology. We tested the effects of seagrass (Zostera marina) seed diversity and relatedness on germination success, seedling morphology, and seedling production by comparing experimental assemblages of seeds collected from single reproductive shoots (“monocultures”) to assemblages of seeds collected from multiple reproductive shoots (“polycultures”). There was no difference in seedling emergence, yet seedlings from polycultures had larger shoots above and below ground than seedlings from monocultures at the end of the 1‐yr experiment. Genetic relatedness of the seedlings predicted some aspects of shoot morphology, with more leaves and longer roots and shoots at intermediate levels of relatedness, regardless of seed diversity. Our results suggest that studies of only adult stages may underestimate the importance of genetic diversity if the benefits at early life history stages continue to accrue throughout the life cycle.
Epoxidation of methyl oleate with molecular oxygen: Implementation of Mukaiyama reaction in flow
Authors: Vanoye Laurent , Hamami Zine Eddine , Wang Jiady , de Bellefon Claude , Fongarland Pascal , Favre‐Réguillon Alain
Published: September 2016

Continuous‐flow technology with channel dimension in the millimeter region found widespread applications in numerous applications. The epoxidation of methyl oleate with molecular oxygen using an aldehyde as sacrificial reductant (Mukaiyama reaction) was implemented in a segmented flow microreactor. The effect of aldehyde structure and aldehyde/methyl oleate molar ratio on the conversion to epoxides was studied. Total conversion of methyl oleate (0.67 M in heptane) with a selectivity higher than 99% and a cis/trans ratio ∼75/25 was reach in less than 4 min, at room temperature, using three equivalents of 2‐ethylhexanal, 100 ppm of Mn(II) as catalyst and five bar of oxygen.

Practical applications: As the result of the small reactor volumes, very high surface‐to‐volume ratio and high heat exchange efficiency compared to classical batch reactors, the overall safety of oxidation processes is significantly improved using continuous‐flow technology. Microreactors also provide better mass transfer, and thus, improve the productivity of the aerobic epoxidation of methyl oleate using aldehyde as sacrificial reductant while maintaining the high selectivity of the process.

(i) Epoxidation of methyl oleate with molecular oxygen is performed safely using continuous‐flow technology. (ii) Total conversion is obtained in 4 min at r.t. using 100 ppm of Mn(II) and a sacrificial reductant. (iii) The selectivity and cis/trans ratio are comparable to batch.
Placement of a touchpad and click‐buttons to relieve arm fatigue and discomfort in a laptop PC
Authors: Han Seung Jo , Kim Sun‐Uk
Published: September 2016

We investigated the muscle fatigue and degree of discomfort for seven combinations of positions in a touchpad and two click‐buttons (one hand: center, midright, and right in position of touchpad and buttons; two hands: all centered, centered touchpad and left buttons, right touchpad and centered buttons, and right touchpad and left buttons) while using a laptop PC. Sixteen subjects participated in tasks involving the operation of a touchpad and two click‐buttons. The muscle fatigue was evaluated by applying median frequency electromyography (EMG) for 5 minutes to the subjects while they were performing each task, and the overall degree of discomfort was measured by fuzzy logic questions after the completion of each condition. When using only one hand, the right position resulted in the lowest muscle fatigue and degree of discomfort in comparison with the other conditions (p < .05). When using two hands, the right placement of the touchpad and the left one of the buttons showed the lowest results in both the muscle fatigue and degree of discomfort (p < .05). On the other hand, the traditional centered locations in the case of both one hand and two hands were the most disadvantageous for the shoulder and wrist. The results indicate that the traditional location of the touchpad and click‐buttons in the center induced abduction in both the shoulder and the wrist, which was expressed as an increase in muscle fatigue and overall discomfort. Therefore, developing a configuration in which it is possible to adjust the positions of the touchpad and buttons based on the user's preference is required.
The mediating effect of rewarding on the relationship between employee involvement and job satisfaction
Authors: Bayraktar Cahit Ali , Araci Ozlem , Karacay Gaye , Calisir Fethi
Published: September 2016

Employee support provides enormous benefits to help sustain a competitive advantage, respond to changes more quickly than competitors, and position the organization ahead of others. Awareness of this fact triggers organizations to prepare new motivational programs and practices. Employee involvement and rewards are among the many ways to achieve employee job satisfaction and motivational needs. Employee involvement entails giving employees an opportunity to influence decisions and actions regarding their jobs. Furthermore, rewards have the potential to prompt employees to act in line with organizational goals. This study aims to examine the relationship between employee involvement and job satisfaction based on the mediation effect of rewarding. Four hundred employees from the financial sector responded to a questionnaire. The relationship between employee involvement and job satisfaction was tested using hierarchical linear regression analysis. Results revealed that rewarding does mediate the relationship between employee involvement and job satisfaction. Organizations that give priority to employee needs and motivational processes should take both employee involvement and rewarding into consideration.
MRI uncovers disrupted hippocampal microstructure that underlies memory impairments after early‐life adversity
Authors: Molet Jenny , Maras Pamela M. , Kinney‐Lang Eli , Harris Neil G. , Rashid Faisal , Ivy Autumn S. , Solodkin Ana , Obenaus Andre , Baram Tallie Z.
Published: September 2016

Memory and related cognitive functions are progressively impaired in a subgroup of individuals experiencing childhood adversity and stress. However, it is not possible to identify vulnerable individuals early, a crucial step for intervention. In this study, high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intra‐hippocampal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were employed to examine for structural signatures of cognitive adolescent vulnerabilities in a rodent model of early‐life adversity. These methods were complemented by neuroanatomical and functional assessments of hippocampal network integrity during adolescence, adulthood and middle‐age. The high‐resolution MRI identified selective loss of dorsal hippocampal volume, and intra‐hippocampal DTI uncovered disruption of dendritic structure, consistent with disrupted local connectivity, already during late adolescence in adversity‐experiencing rats. Memory deteriorated over time, and stunting of hippocampal dendritic trees was apparent on neuroanatomical analyses. Thus, disrupted hippocampal neuronal structure and connectivity, associated with cognitive impairments, are detectable via non‐invasive imaging modalities in rats experiencing early‐life adversity. These high‐resolution imaging approaches may constitute promising tools for prediction and assessment of at‐risk individuals in the clinic. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Curcumin: An effective adjunct in patients with statin‐associated muscle symptoms?
Authors: Sahebkar Amirhossein , Saboni Nikou , Pirro Matteo , Banach Maciej
Published: September 2016

In spite of the unequivocal efficacy of statins in reducing primary and secondary cardiovascular events, the use of these drugs in a considerable number of patients is limited because of statin intolerance, mainly statin‐associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). SAMS encompass a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, including mild muscular aching and other types of myalgias, myopathy with the significant elevation of creatine kinase, and the rare but life‐threatening rhabdomyolysis. Among several pathophysiologic mechanisms of SAMS, mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be one of the main one. Curcumin is the polyphenolic ingredient of Curcuma longa L., which has various pharmacological properties against a vast range of diseases. Curcumin has several mechanisms of actions relevant to the treatment of SAMS. These effects include the capacity to prevent and reduce delayed onset muscle soreness by blocking the nuclear factor inflammatory pathway, attenuation of muscular atrophy, enhancement of muscle fibre regeneration following injury, and analgesic and antioxidant effects. Curcumin can also increase the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which leads to an increase in the number of mitochondrial DNA duplicates in skeletal muscle cells. Finally, owing to its essential lipid‐modifying properties, curcumin might serve as an adjunct to statin therapy in patients with SAMS, allowing for effective lowering of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and possibly for statin dose reduction. Owing to the paucity of effective treatments, and the safety of curcumin in clinical practice, proof‐of‐concept trials are recommended to assess the potential benefit of this phytochemical in the treatment of SAMS.
Application of texture analysis based on apparent diffusion coefficient maps in discriminating different stages of rectal cancer
Authors: Liu Liheng , Liu Yuhui , Xu Liang , Li Zhenjiang , Lv Han , Dong Ningning , Li Wenwu , Yang Zhenghan , Wang Zhenchang , Jin Erhu
Published: September 2016

Purpose

To explore the potential of texture analysis based on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, as a predictor of local invasion depth (stage pT1‐2 versus pT3‐4) and nodal status (pN0 versus pN1‐2) of rectal cancer.

Materials and Methods

Sixty‐eight patients with rectal cancer underwent preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) at a 3.0 Tesla system. Routine ADC variables (ADCmean, ADCmin, ADCmax), histogram features (skewness, kurtosis) and gray level co‐occurrence matrix features (entropy, contrast, correlation) were compared between pT1‐2 and pT3‐4 stages, between pN0 and pN1‐2 stages.

Results

Skewness, entropy, and contrast were significantly lower in patients with pT1‐2 as compared to those with pT3‐4 tumors (0.166 versus 0.476, P = 0.015; 3.212 versus 3.441 P = 0.004; 10.773 versus 13.596, P = 0.017). Furthermore, skewness and entropy were identified as independent predictors for extramural invasion of tumors (stage pT3‐4). Significant differences were observed between pN0 and pN1‐2 tumors with respect to ADCmean (1.152 versus 1.044, P = 0.029), ADCmax (1.692 versus 1.460, P = 0.006) and entropy (3.299 versus 3.486, P = 0.015). ADCmax. and entropy were independent predictors of positive nodal status.

Conclusion

Texture analysis on ADC maps could provide valuable information in identifying locally advanced rectal cancer.

Level of Evidence: 3

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1798–1808
Uptake of soil mineral nitrogen by Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis: No difference in N form preference
Authors: Epron Daniel , Koutika Lydie‐Stella , Tchichelle Sogni Viviane , Bouillet Jean‐Pierre , Mareschal Louis
Published: September 2016

The introduction of N2‐fixing tree species in fast growing tree plantations is a sustainable management option aiming to reduce the risk of nitrogen (N) deficiency due to a large and frequent exportation of nutrients at harvest. Differences in soil mineral N preferences between Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis and Acacia mangium may, in addition to facilitation related to atmospheric N2 fixation, contribute to the success of mixed‐species plantations of the two species on nutrient‐poor soils of the coastal Congolese plains. We tested whether these two species differ in their preference for nitrate or ammonium by supplying either ammonium or nitrate enriched in 15N to six‐month‐old potted trees growing in an open‐air nursery. Although the uptake of nitrate tended to be higher than that of ammonium by both species, the difference was not significant and there was no significant difference between the species regarding their preferred form of soil mineral N. Despite much lower N contents in foliage, stems, and roots of eucalypt compared to acacia, the specific rates of N uptake were up to three times higher for eucalypt than acacia, which suggests that atmospheric N2 was the major source of N in the six‐month‐old acacias. We conclude that N2 fixation rather than complementarity for soil mineral nitrogen alleviates the competition between species in successful mixed eucalypt and acacia plantations.
A perceptually optimized mapping technique for display images
Authors: Yang Cheng , Chang Wenjing , Li Jia
Published: September 2016

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are often viewed in the energy‐saving mode or under high ambient illumination. However, both these conditions compress the tonal dynamic range of the display device, resulting in undesirable visual perception effects. In this paper, we propose a local algorithm for improving the display image quality under either of these conditions. The proposed algorithm is based on a tone mapping technique, and it reproduces the image appearance to almost its original quality with a lower dynamic range. We also develop a more accurate definition of the image distortion, which takes into account the difference in pixel values to reduce the distortion significantly. By minimizing the differences in contrast and pixel intensity between the input and output images, the algorithm preserves the contrast while simultaneously providing brightness compensation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively maintain image quality while enabling power savings of 30%–50%.
Treatment delay and facility case volume are associated with survival in early‐stage glottic cancer
Authors: Cheraghlou Shayan , Kuo Phoebe , Judson Benjamin L.
Published: September 2016

Objective

To identify and compare treatment and system factors associated with survival in early‐stage glottic cancer.

Study Design

Retrospective study of cases in the Commission on Cancer National Cancer Database.

Methods

Adult patients with early glottic cancer (stage I or II) diagnosed between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2012, were included. Demographic, tumor, and survival variables were included in the analyses. Multivariate Cox regressions as well as univariate Kaplan‐Meier analyses were conducted.

Results

In total, 5,627 patients were included in the study. Treatment factors associated with improved survival included larynx‐preserving surgery alone (hazard ratio [HR] 0.740; P = 0.001) and larynx‐preserving surgery with radiation (HR 0.837; P = 0.010) when compared to radiotherapy alone. System factors associated with worse survival included intermediate‐ (HR 1.123; P = 0.047) or low‐ (HR 1.458; P = 0.017) volume centers; Medicaid (HR 1.882; P < 0.001), Medicare (HR 1.532; P < 0.001), or other government insurance (HR 2.041; P < 0.001); and delay between diagnosis and treatment greater than 100 days (HR 1.605; P = 0.006).

Conclusion

A number of treatment and system factors were found to be significantly associated with survival when controlling for patient and tumor factors. These may present targets for the improvement of outcomes in early‐stage glottic cancers.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 127:616–622, 2017
Legume Grasslands Promote Precipitation Infiltration better than Gramineous Grasslands in arid Regions
Authors: Huang Ze , Tian Fu‐Ping , Wu Gao‐Lin , Liu Yu , Dang Zhi‐Qiang
Published: September 2016

Precipitation infiltration is the most important process for soil water supply of vegetation in the arid regions. Higher infiltration rate is advantageous for vegetation growth and maintenance in the arid areas. Four grassland types (Medicago sativa, Agropyron cristatum, Caragana korshinskii and Stipa capillata) were selected in this study. Results showed that the infiltration capacity in the legume grasslands was about 30% higher than in the gramineous grasslands and the difference was significant (p < 0·05). Furthermore, the infiltration rate in legume shrub‐grassland was 16% less than the legume grasslands, but the difference was not significant (p > 0·05). The below‐ground biomass, total porosity, capillary porosity, soil organic matters and soil aggregate were the main factors to determine the soil infiltration rates. The capillary porosity and soil aggregate of the top soil presented significant negative effects on soil infiltration rate (p < 0·05). The below‐ground biomass in 10–30 cm soil layer was the most important factor, which significantly and positively correlates with the soil infiltration rate (p < 0·01). It is possible to conclude that the legume grasslands presented the higher soil infiltration rate and promoted precipitation infiltration in the studied area. And the legume grasslands might be a more suitable option for vegetation restoration from the perspective of soil infiltration and water supply in the arid regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novell compact multiband broadside‐coupled split‐ring‐resonator metamaterial structure loaded fractal slot antenna for 4G communications and wireless systems
Authors: Issa Iman Ben , Essaaidi Mohamed
Published: September 2016

A Novell compact multiband broadside coupled split ring resonator (BC‐SRR) metamaterial structure fractal loaded slot antenna for 4G and other wireless systems is presented in this article. The radiating elements of the proposed antenna are composed of a Perturbed Sierpinski carpet fractal slot printed on the lower face of an FR4 substrate material (εr = 4.4). The slots are fed by a single L‐microstrip line of 50 Ohms characteristic impedance printed on the upper face of the substrate. The operating frequency bands of this antenna are, respectively, centered at 3.62, 6.244, 14.471, and 19.145 GHz and its total size is 28.5 mm × 40.5 mm × 1.5 mm. The introduction of the BC‐SRR structure in the center of this antenna achieved an additional broadband ranging from 2.48 to 3.35 GHz with other additional frequency bands around 5.91, 6.76, 8.33, 10.38, 13.73, and 16.1 GHz (15.74–16.41 GHz). The gain and radiation pattern plots of the antenna are also included and discussed in this article. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2823–2828, 2016
Asymmetrically CPW‐fed circle inscribed hexagonal super wideband fractal antenna
Authors: Singhal Sarthak , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: September 2016

A compact CPW‐fed circle inscribed hexagonal super wideband fractal antenna is presented. The radiating patch comprises three iterations of hexagonal patch loaded with circular slots. An impedance bandwidth of 2.75–71 GHz, that is, a bandwidth ratio of 25.82:1 is achieved by using asymmetric coplanar waveguide feeding and three iterations of circular slot loaded hexagonal radiating patch. Relatively stable omni‐directional radiation patterns are achieved over the operating frequency band. A good agreement is found between the simulated and experimental. The designed antenna has advantages of miniaturized size and wider bandwidth over the previously reported structures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2794–2799, 2016
Folded ring slot antenna reader for UHF RFID applications using artificial magnetic conductor structure
Authors: Marques D. , Egels M. , Pannier P.
Published: September 2016

This article presents a new design of an UHF RFID reader antenna with a circular polarization and radiation pattern in one hemisphere. This antenna consists of two parts which are a radiating element and an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure. The radiating element is based on a slot ring antenna using a folding technique for rings and only one feeding source while keeping a circular polarization. The AMC structure is a simple patch structure using a size reduction technique. The possibility to mix with two different materials for substrates involves the realization of six antennas which are presented in this article. Their overall is 226 mm × 226 mm × 11.06 mm. The antenna with the best performances in the UHF‐RFID‐ETSI band has a gain of 6.9 dBic and an axial ratio of 3dB. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2790–2794, 2016
Differential enhanced broadband dual‐polarized printed dipole antenna for base stations
Authors: Liu Yan‐Yan , Tu Zhi‐Hong
Published: September 2016

A simple differential enhanced broadband dual‐polarized printed dipole antenna for 2G/3G/LTE base station applications is presented. The proposed antenna contains two orthogonal square‐shaped dipoles and a novel square‐shaped feeding structure to achieve a wide bandwidth, and a planar reflector to shape radiation patterns. Due to adopting the differential feeding and ideally symmetrical structure, the antenna can achieve low cross‐polarization level and high port‐to‐port isolation, respectively. Measured results show that the proposed antenna achieves a bandwidth of 67.5% for SWR < 1.5, differential port‐to‐port isolation better than −40 dB, stable half‐power beam width (HPBW) 68.7° ± 4.2° at E‐plane and 68.3° ± 4.9° at H‐plane, and a stable antenna gain of 7.8 ± 1 dBi from 1.65 to 3.33 GHz. The cross‐polarization ratio within the main lobe remains over than −25 dB, and the front‐to‐back ratios keep higher than 31 dB over the operating bandwidth. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2864–2868, 2016
An integrative dual‐polarized antenna for broadband base station applications
Authors: Huang He , Liu Ying , Gong Shu‐Xi
Published: September 2016

A ±45° dual‐polarized antenna is proposed in this paper for broadband base station applications. It consists of two crossed hollow dipoles realizing polarization diversity operation and a box‐shaped reflector achieving unidirectional radiation. Due to the integration of casting, the proposed antenna has sturdy construction. Besides, it can realize broadband by a single radiator without the need for additional parasitic radiator. A prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and tested. Measured results show that it operates from 1.68 to 2.72 GHz (|S11| < 15 dB) with isolation higher than 31 dB. Stable radiation patterns with half‐power beam widths (HPBWs) of around 70° in H‐plane, along with stable gain of around 8.5 dBi are obtained. A four‐element array based on this antenna element is then experimentally studied. It tunes out that the array can provide a bandwidth of 48.2% from 1.7 to 2.78 GHz for both ports. The HPBWs for the array are about 63° in H‐plane and 15° in V‐plane. The gain of the antenna array ranges from 10.7 to 13.9 dBi over the entire working band. Details of the antenna design and results are presented and discussed below. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2845–2851, 2016
High‐gain wideband SIW offset parabolic antenna
Authors: Lambor Jiri , Lacik Jaroslav , Raida Zbynek , Arthaber Holger
Published: September 2016

A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) offset parabolic antenna is proposed in this letter. The antenna consists of four main parts: a feeder with a horn radiator, a parabolic reflector, parallel plate metal blocks, and a dielectric load. The configuration of the horn and parabolic reflector is based on the parabolic reflector principle. The parallel plate metal blocks and the dielectric load improve the impedance matching and radiation performance of the antenna. Measured results show that the antenna is very well matched in the V‐band and the gain of the antenna in end‐fire direction varies from 13.2 dBi to 16.8 dBi. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2888–2892, 2016
Improved Φ‐OTDR system with narrow pulses for quantitative strain measurement based on ultra‐weak fiber bragg grating array
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Guo Zheng , Qiao Weiyan , Shan Yuanyuan , Cai Yinsen , Zhang Xuping
Published: September 2016

We proposed an improved Φ‐OTDR system based on ultra‐weak fiber Bragg grating arrays to realize quantitative strain measurement using narrow pulse, which can extend the detectable fiber length. Experimental results showed that quantitative strain measurement at the end of a 4km long sensing fiber could be realized with 50ns pulses. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2892–2894, 2016