bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Plasmid-Borne Gene Cluster Flanked by Two Restriction-Modification Systems Enables an Arctic Strain of Psychrobacter sp. to Decompose SDS
Authors: Lasek Robert , Piszczek Ignacy , Krolikowski Monika , Sówka Adrian , Bartosik Dariusz
Published: December 2023

The cold-adapted Psychrobacter sp. strain DAB_AL62B, isolated from ornithogenic deposits on the Arctic island of Spitsbergen, harbors a 34.5 kb plasmid, pP62BP1, which carries a genetic SLF module predicted to enable the host bacterium to metabolize alkyl sulfates including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a common anionic surfactant. In this work, we experimentally confirmed that the pP62BP1-harboring strain is capable of SDS degradation. The slfCHSL genes were shown to form an operon whose main promoter, PslfC, is negatively regulated by the product of the slfR gene in the absence of potential substrates. We showed that lauryl aldehyde acts as an inducer of the operon. The analysis of the draft genome sequence of the DAB_AL62B strain revealed that the crucial enzyme of the SDS degradation pathway—an alkyl sulfatase—is encoded only within the plasmid. The SLF module is flanked by two restriction–modification systems, which were shown to exhibit the same sequence specificity. We hypothesize that the maintenance of pP62BP1 may be dependent on this unique genetic organization.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Therapeutic Strategies and Vaccines
Authors: Boccellino Mariarosaria
Published: December 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly pathogenic and transmissible virus, has spurred an impressive accumulation of knowledge [...]
Do Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems Have the Dynamic Capabilities to Guide the Digital Transition of Short Food Supply Chains?
Authors: Charatsari Chrysanthi , Michailidis Anastasios , Francescone Martina , De Rosa Marcello , Aidonis Dimitrios , Bartoli Luca , La Rocca Giuseppe , Camanzi Luca , Lioutas Evagelos D.
Published: December 2023

The digitalization of agriculture generates a new environment for the actors involved in agrifood production. In such a context, Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKISs) face the challenge of reconsidering their operational paradigms, redefining priorities, and designing strategies to achieve new aims. To do so, the actors participating in AKISs should develop and exploit a set of competencies known as dynamic capabilities, including the aptitude to sense the change in the external environment, the capacity to seize the opportunities that this change creates, and an ability to transform and adapt themselves to the new conditions that digitalization generates. In this study, using as examples the AKISs operating in Greece and Italy, we aimed to uncover if and how actors participating in these systems attempt and manage to deploy such capabilities. Based on a qualitative approach and drawing on data from two workshops, we discovered that seizing the opportunities sensed is a challenging task for AKIS actors. Our results also indicate that knowledge is a pivotal resource for AKISs, allowing actors to enhance their transformative capacity. However, to create a “collective” knowledge base, AKISs should ensure a functional connection between stakeholders and strengthen the roles of actors not actively engaged with the system, like public advisory organizations, universities, and technology providers.
Provenance Verification of Smart Contracts: Analysing the Cost of Ensuring Authenticity over the Logic Hosted in Blockchain Networks
Authors: García-Valls Marisol , Chirivella-Ciruelos Alejandro M.
Published: December 2023

The lack of sufficient guarantee about the authenticity of running smart contracts is a major entry barrier to blockchain networks. By authenticity,we refer to the smart contract ownership or provenance; this implies perfect matching between a published source-code and the corresponding running version of a given smart contract. Block verifiers are services that check the provenance authenticity of the logic contained in blockchain networks. Nevertheless, as a block verifier is an external verification service, it consumes time to use it; and the derived overhead may not comply with temporal requirements of time-sensitive domains like cyber-physical systems. Such systems require that the temporal cost of using external services is assessed prior to the final system deployment. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous contributions on the determination of the temporal cost of the smart-contract provenance verification process. This paper presents the design and implementation of a middleware that assesses the temporal overhead of accessing the verification services; the middleware is hosted in the global ledger and runs the verification services over large sets of smart contracts. Our contribution is validated by providing an implementation on a real blockchain network, employing actual smart contract verifier logic, and analysing the temporal behavior of the overall system operations to comply with the time-sensitive requirements of cyber-physical systems.
A Model Halogen-Bonded Network as a Potential Tube-like Host for Li+: A DFT Study
Authors: Parra Rubén D.
Published: December 2023

The formation of a halogen-bonded network using four NHX-(CH2)3-NX-(CH2)3-NHX molecules (X = Cl, Br, or I) is investigated using DFT. The self-assembly of the four basic motifs results in a tube-like structure with C4h symmetry, with one halogen-bonded network located at each end of the structure and one at its center. Each halogen-bonded network has four quasi-planar N-X···N interactions with binding energies that increase with the size of X. The structure is found to bind Li+ at each of the halogen-bonded networks, albeit more strongly at its center. The binding of Li+ is driven by halogen atom lone pairs that produce a rich electron density orthogonal to the halogen bond. The presence and strength of the interactions are further examined using AIM and NBO calculations. Lastly, IRC calculations are performed to examine the transitions between the Li+ complex minima and, thus, the potential for transporting the metal ion from one end of the tube to the other. Based on the tetrameric structure, a model intramolecular structure is built and considered as a potential host for Li+. In this case, the central intermolecular N-X···N network is replaced by an intramolecular Si-C≡C-Si network. Interestingly, both intermolecular and intramolecular structures exhibit similar Li+ binding abilities.
DNA Barcoding Unveils New Species of the Sexually Dimorphic Genus Anteon Jurine (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China
Authors: Chen Huayan , Olmi Massimo , Ødegaard Frode , Capradossi Leonardo , Liu Jingxian
Published: December 2023

Species of Anteon Jurine, 1807 are a large group of parasitoids attacking leafhoppers, which are important insect pests. Despite their great potential in pest biological control, the taxonomy and biology of these parasitoids are far from clear. Sexual dimorphism is extreme in Anteon species and has hampered the taxonomy of these parasitoids, resulting in many species described based on a single sex. In this paper, we employed an integrated taxonomic approach for delimitating species, combining morphological examinations with DNA barcoding, to investigate Anteon species from China. In total, 53 COI sequences representing 29 species of Anteon were obtained and analyzed. On the basis of both morphology and DNA barcoding, five new species of Anteon were discovered and described: A. clariclypeum sp. nov., A. maguanense sp. nov., A. parafidum sp. nov., A. shaanxianum sp. nov., and A. shandonganum sp. nov. The neotype of A. claricolle Kieffer is designated. The sexual association of six species was confirmed by DNA barcoding, which led to the synonymy of Anteon liui Xu, Olmi & He 2010, new syn., under Anteon meifenganum Olmi, 1991. Keys to species of Anteon from the Oriental and Eastern Palaearctic are updated to contain the five new species. Our study demonstrates that DNA barcoding is a potent tool for tackling the taxonomic challenges in parasitoids with extreme sexual dimorphism.
Comparison of Predatory Performance among Three Ladybird Species, Harmonia axyridis, Coccinella septempunctata and Hippodamia variegata, Feeding on Goji Berry Psyllid, Bactericera gobica
Authors: Wu Pengxiang , He Jia , Ge Yang , Liu Zhanghui , Zhang Runzhi
Published: December 2023

The psyllid Bactericera gobica is a serious pest in goji berry orchards. The current primary psyllid control methods involve chemical pesticides, which pose potential risks to human health and the environment. The implementation and promotion of biological control agents should receive increased attention as an alternative approach to safeguarding goji berry orchards. To compare the predatory performance of three potential biocontrol agents of psyllids, including Harmonia axyridis, Coccinella septempunctata and Hippodamia variegata, the functional response and intraspecific interactions of adult ladybirds were studied under laboratory conditions. We observed a significantly higher searching efficiency (0.84 ± 0.09) in H. axyridis when preying on psyllids compared to H. variegata (0.55 ± 0.05), whereas the handling time for psyllids was considerably longer in H. axyridis (7.33 ± 0.83 min) than in H. variegata (5.67 ± 0.97 min). The impact of intraspecific interactions on H. variegata (0.44 ± 0.04) was significantly greater than that on C. septempunctata (0.29 ± 0.03), whereas the maximum consumption by C. septempunctata (223.35 ± 41.3) significantly exceeded that of H. variegata (133.4 ± 26.9). Our study suggests that each of these three ladybird species possesses distinct advantages as a potential predator of psyllids. However, further field studies are required to determine the most promising ladybird species for rapid impact through inundative biological control, taking into consideration the specific environmental adaptability of each ladybird species. The present study is expected to provide evidence that supports the potential of incorporating promising ladybird species as an effective biological control agent in goji berry orchard management programs.
Functional Analysis of Amino Acid Transporter Genes ACYPI000536 and ACYPI004320 in Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Yao Lu , Wang Senshan , Ma Rui , Wei Jiangwen , Song Liwen , Liu Lei
Published: December 2023

In recent years, pea aphids have become major pests of alfalfa. Our previous study found that “Gannong 5” is a highly aphid-resistant alfalfa variety and that “Lie Renhe” is a susceptible one. The average field susceptibility index of “Gannong 5” was 31.31, and the average field susceptibility index of “Lie Renhe” was 80.34. The uptake and balance of amino acids in insects are usually dependent on amino acid transporters. RT-qPCR was used to detect the relative expression levels of seven amino acid transporter differential genes in the different instar pea aphids fed on resistant and susceptible alfalfa varieties after 24 h, and two key genes were selected. When pea aphids fed on “Gannong 5”, the expression of ACYPI004320 was significantly higher than that in pea aphids fed on “Lie Renhe”; however, the expression of ACYPI000536 was significantly lower than that in pea aphids fed on “Lie Renhe”. Afterward, the RNA interference with pea aphid ACYPI000536 and ACYPI004320 genes was performed using a plant-mediated method, and gene function was verified via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and pea aphid sensitivity to aphid-resistant and susceptible alfalfa varieties. The results showed that the down-regulation of the ACYPI000536 gene expression led to an increase in the histidine and lysine contents in pea aphids, which, in turn, led to an increase in mortality when pea aphids fed on the susceptible variety “Lie Renhe”. The down-regulation of the ACYPI004320 gene expression led to an increase in phenylalanine content in pea aphids, which, in turn, led to a decrease in mortality when pea aphids fed on the resistant variety “Gannong 5”.
A Modified Xception Deep Learning Model for Automatic Sorting of Olives Based on Ripening Stages
Authors: Saedi Seyed Iman , Rezaei Mehdi
Published: December 2023

Olive fruits at different ripening stages give rise to various table olive products and oil qualities. Therefore, developing an efficient method for recognizing and sorting olive fruits based on their ripening stages can greatly facilitate post-harvest processing. This study introduces an automatic computer vision system that utilizes deep learning technology to classify the ‘Roghani’ Iranian olive cultivar into five ripening stages using color images. The developed model employs convolutional neural networks (CNN) and transfer learning based on the Xception architecture and ImageNet weights as the base network. The model was modified by adding some well-known CNN layers to the last layer. To minimize overfitting and enhance model generality, data augmentation techniques were employed. By considering different optimizers and two image sizes, four final candidate models were generated. These models were then compared in terms of loss and accuracy on the test dataset, classification performance (classification report and confusion matrix), and generality. All four candidates exhibited high accuracies ranging from 86.93% to 93.46% and comparable classification performance. In all models, at least one class was recognized with 100% accuracy. However, by taking into account the risk of overfitting in addition to the network stability, two models were discarded. Finally, a model with an image size of 224 × 224 and an SGD optimizer, which had a loss of 1.23 and an accuracy of 86.93%, was selected as the preferred option. The results of this study offer robust tools for automatic olive sorting systems, simplifying the differentiation of olives at various ripening levels for different post-harvest products.
Chronic Pelvic Puzzle: Navigating Deep Endometriosis with Renal Complications
Authors: Vacaroiu Ileana Adela , Balcangiu-Stroescu Andra-Elena , Stanescu-Spinu Iulia-Ioana , Balan Daniela Gabriela , Georgescu Mihai-Teodor , Greabu Maria , Miricescu Daniela , Cuiban Elena , Șerban-Feier Larisa Florina , Lupușoru Mircea Ovidiu Denis , Gaube Alexandra , Georgescu Dragos-Eugen
Published: December 2023

This case report delves into the intricacies of a challenging clinical scenario involving deep pelvic endometriosis, which manifested with renal complications. Endometriosis, a complex gynecological condition, is explored in this case, highlighting its multifaceted nature. The patient presented with a complex interplay of symptoms, including chronic pelvic pain, urinary tract issues, and severe deep adenomyosis. The diagnostic journey was protracted, emphasizing the need for early recognition and intervention in such cases. A thorough evaluation, including laparoscopic examination and histopathological analysis, revealed the extensive presence of endometriotic lesions in various pelvic and renal structures, ultimately leading to left hydronephrosis. The report underscores the significance of timely diagnosis and surgical intervention to prevent irreversible renal damage. This case provides valuable insights into the management of deep endometriosis with renal involvement and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. Understanding the complexities of this condition can aid in improving patient outcomes and enhancing the quality of care provided.
Artificial Intelligence and Radiomics for Endometrial Cancer MRI: Exploring the Whats, Whys and Hows
Authors: Leo Elisabetta , Stanzione Arnaldo , Miele Mariaelena , Cuocolo Renato , Sica Giacomo , Scaglione Mariano , Camera Luigi , Maurea Simone , Mainenti Pier Paolo
Published: December 2023

Endometrial cancer (EC) is intricately linked to obesity and diabetes, which are widespread risk factors. Medical imaging, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), plays a major role in EC assessment, particularly for disease staging. However, the diagnostic performance of MRI exhibits variability in the detection of clinically relevant prognostic factors (e.g., deep myometrial invasion and metastatic lymph nodes assessment). To address these challenges and enhance the value of MRI, radiomics and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms emerge as promising tools with a potential to impact EC risk assessment, treatment planning, and prognosis prediction. These advanced post-processing techniques allow us to quantitatively analyse medical images, providing novel insights into cancer characteristics beyond conventional qualitative image evaluation. However, despite the growing interest and research efforts, the integration of radiomics and AI to EC management is still far from clinical practice and represents a possible perspective rather than an actual reality. This review focuses on the state of radiomics and AI in EC MRI, emphasizing risk stratification and prognostic factor prediction, aiming to illuminate potential advancements and address existing challenges in the field.
Cannabinoids and the Endocannabinoid System in Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Long COVID-19—A Scoping Review
Authors: Scott Cassidy , Hall Stefan , Zhou Juan , Lehmann Christian
Published: December 2023

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 is variable, often including symptoms such as fever, cough, headache, fatigue, and an altered sense of smell and taste. Recently, post-acute “long” COVID-19 has emerged as a concern, with symptoms persisting beyond the acute infection. Vaccinations remain one of the most effective preventative methods against severe COVID-19 outcomes and the development of long-term COVID-19. However, individuals with underlying health conditions may not mount an adequate protective response to COVID-19 vaccines, increasing the likelihood of severe symptoms, hospitalization, and the development of long-term COVID-19 in high-risk populations. This review explores the potential therapeutic role of cannabinoids in limiting the susceptibility and severity of infection, both pre- and post-SARS-CoV-19 infection. Early in the SARS-CoV-19 infection, cannabinoids have been shown to prevent viral entry, mitigate oxidative stress, and alleviate the associated cytokine storm. Post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, cannabinoids have shown promise in treating symptoms associated with post-acute long COVID-19, including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress injury, insomnia, pain, and decreased appetite. While current research primarily focuses on potential treatments for the acute phase of COVID-19, there is a gap in research addressing therapeutics for the early and post-infectious phases. This review highlights the potential for future research to bridge this gap by investigating cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system as a potential treatment strategy for both early and post-SARS-CoV-19 infection.
What Is the Most Effective Frictionless Method for Retracting Anterior Teeth When Using Buccal Fixed-Appliance Therapy? A Systematic Review
Authors: Kheshfeh Mohammad Naem , Hajeer Mohammad Younis , Al Hinnawi Mhd. Firas , Awawdeh Mohammed Adel , Albalawi Farraj , Alotaib Ghada Serhan , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Zakaria Ahmad Salim
Published: December 2023

There are various techniques and designs for springs used in orthodontic treatment, including frictionless methods for closing spaces. However, there is limited explicit evidence to support the superiority of one method over another. This review aims to investigate the available evidence and highlight the advantages of these different methods. This review contained six papers, and information such as study design, spring design, applied force systems, variables studied, follow-up period, and records were extracted. All of the studies focused on canine retraction with the Ladanyi spring showing the highest rate of movement (1.8 mm per month) among all springs for upper canine retraction. The Gjessing and T-loop springs outperformed the Reverse Closing Loop and Ricketts spring, respectively, substantially. In terms of tip control, the T-loop spring showed a clear advantage over the modified Marcotte spring with a difference of 1.2° vs. 6.6° per 3 months. Additionally, it was observed that the Reverse Closing Loop caused a significant loss of anchorage during canine retraction with a medial movement of 2.4 mm. When comparing wire types, no significant differences were found between TMA and Nitinol, while stainless steel was found to be less effective in terms of movement rate and tip control. However, the results indicated that there was no clear evidence that one specific technique was definitively preferable to another; therefore, there is an urgent need for more studies with proper study designs to produce more robust conclusions.
Quantum Molecular Resonance Radiofrequency Disc Decompression and Percutaneous Microdiscectomy for Lumbar Radiculopathy
Authors: Canós-Verdecho Ángeles , Robledo Ruth , Izquierdo Rosa M. , Bermejo Ara , Gallach Elisa , Abejón David , Argente-Navarro María Pilar , Peraita-Costa Isabel , Morales-Suárez-Varela María
Published: December 2023

Within the practice of pain management, one of the most commonly encountered events is low back pain. Lumbar radiculopathy (LR) is a pain syndrome caused by the compression or irritation of the nerve roots in the lower back due to lumbar disc herniation, vertebra degeneration, or foramen narrowing. Symptoms of LR include low back pain that propagates toward the legs, numbness, weakness, and loss of reflexes. The aim of this study is to assess the long-term effectiveness of quantum molecular resonance disc decompression and its combination with a percutaneous microdiscectomy using Grasper© forceps (QMRG) in patients with persistent lumbar radiculopathy (LR) in relation to patient physical stress status. The main outcome measures of this prospective observational study were DN4, NRS, ODI, SF12, PGI, CGI, and MOS Sleep Scale. An improvement 12 months post-intervention was observed in patients without physical stress, presenting better overall results. The mean change was over the minimal clinically important difference in 64.3% of outcome measures studied for the whole sample. QMRG appears to be an effective treatment option for LR, but a reduction in physical stress is needed to ensure long-term effectiveness.
The Incidence of Myasthenia Gravis in the Province of Ferrara, Italy, in the Period of 2008–2022: An Update on a 40-Year Observation and the Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Antonioni Annibale , Raho Emanuela Maria , Carlucci Domenico , Sette Elisabetta , De Gennaro Riccardo , Capone Jay Guido , Govoni Vittorio , Casetta Ilaria , Pugliatti Maura , Granieri Enrico
Published: December 2023

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most common neuromuscular junction disorder. We evaluated the MG incidence rate in the province of Ferrara, Northern Italy, over two time frames (2008–2018 and 2019–2022, i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic) and considered early-onset (EOMG), late-onset (LOMG), and thymoma- and non-thymoma-associated MG. Moreover, in the second period, we assessed its possible relationship with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination. We used a complete enumeration approach to estimate the MG incidence and its temporal trend. For the period of 2008–18, 106 new cases were identified (mean incidence rate 2.7/100,000 people). The highest rates were observed for the over-70 age group and in rural areas, with 17% of thymoma-associated MG. During the COVID-19 period, 29 new cases were identified (average incidence rate 2.1/100,000 people), showing a marked (though not statistically significant) decrease in the mean annual incidence compared to the previous period. Again, the highest rate was observed for the over-70 age group. The first period was in line with our previous observations for the period between 1985 and 2007, highlighting a rising incidence of LOMG and a marked decrease in EOMG. During the COVID-19 period, incidence rates were lower in the first years whereas, when the pandemic ended, the previous trend was confirmed.
Concomitant Valve Replacement and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: Lessons from the Past, Guidance for the Future? A Mortality Analysis in 294 Patients
Authors: Spiliopoulos Kyriakos , Magouliotis Dimitrios , Angelis Ilias , Skoularigis John , Kemkes Bernhard M. , Salemis Nikolaos S. , Athanasiou Thanos , Gansera Brigitte , Xanthopoulos Andrew V.
Published: December 2023

Objective: The aims of this study were to analyze parameters influencing early and late mortality after concomitant valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, using early and long-term information from an institutionally available data registry, and to discuss the results in relation to the current treatment strategies and perspectives. Methods: The study population consisted of 294 patients after combined valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis and CABG surgery. Results: There were 201 men (68.4%) and 93 women (31.6%). Concurrent to the coronary artery bypass grafting, 238 patients (80.9%) underwent aortic-, 46 patients (15.6%) mitral- and 10 patients (3.4%) doublevalve replacement. Cumulative duration of follow up was 1007 patient-years (py) with a maximum of 94 months and was completed in 92.2% (271 cases). Overall hospital mortality (30 days) rate was 6.5% (n = 19). It was significantly higher in patients of female gender, older than 70 y, in those suffering preoperative myocardial infarction, presenting with an additive EuroScore > 8 and being hemodynamically unstable after the operation. Cumulative survival rate at 7.6 y was 78.6%. Determinants of prolonged survival were male gender, age at operation < 70 y, preoperative sinus rhythm, normal renal function, additive EuroScore < 8 and the use of internal thoracic artery for grafting. Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed preoperative atrial fibrillation (HR: 2.1, 95% CI: 0.82–5.44, p: 0.01) and risk group of ES > 8 (HR: 3.63, 95% CI: 1.45–9.07, p < 0.01) as independent predictors for lower long-term survival. Conclusions: Hospital mortality (30 d) was nearly 2.5-fold higher in female and/or older than 70 y patients. Preoperative atrial fibrillation and/ or a calculated ES > 8 were independent predisposing factors of late mortality for combined VR and CABG surgery. Tailoring the approach, with the employment of the newest techniques and hybrid procedures, to the individual patient clinical profile enables favorable outcomes for concomitant valvular disease and CAD, especially in high-risk patients.
Antiphospholipid Antibody Testing: An Audit on Testing Practices in a Public Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Mansory Eman M. , Alahwal Hatem M. , Bahashwan Salem M. , Radhwi Osman , Almohammadi Abdullah T. , Daghistani Yassir , Al-Mughales Jamil , Barefah Ahmed S.
Published: December 2023

Background: Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are antibodies directed against cell membrane components and can be associated with clinical features or be asymptomatic. Testing and interpreting these antibodies is associated with many challenges and pitfalls in clinical practice. Objective: To review all antiphospholipid antibody testing and describe the testing practices, indications for testing and interpretation of results to infer local challenges with aPL testing and subsequently address ways to overcome those challenges. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of all aPL testing done in a tertiary center between 2014 and 2018. Characteristics of study patients collected through chart review were described using the mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportion for categorical variables. Group differences were compared between patients with any aPL-positive result and those with no positive result using chi-square or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate for categorical variables and a simple regression model for numerical variables. Results: Among 414 patients undergoing aPL testing, mainly adult females, 62 (14.9%) patients had at least one positive antibody, of those, 26 (42%) had repeat testing done. Testing was mostly done for obstetric indication (107, 25.8%), with 36 patients having one or two early pregnancy losses <10 weeks as their testing indication. A total of 27 (6.5%) patients were labeled with APS/possible APS based on chart review, but on review of the testing of those patients according to classification criteria, only nine patients satisfied the criteria for APS. Conclusion: This study highlights the clinical challenges associated with aPL testing, including the controversies around indication for testing, the low rates of repeat testing to confirm persistence, and the common misinterpretation of results. Having an aPL testing profile, explicit reference ranges, results commentary, and close interaction between ordering physicians and laboratory staff might be starting points to overcome these challenges.
GESTACOVID Project: Psychological and Perinatal Effects in Spanish Pregnant Women Subjected to Strict Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Evolution during De-Escalation
Authors: Nieto-Tous Mar , Diaz-Martinez Alba , De-Arriba-García María , Roca-Prats Alba , Monfort-Beltrán Sara , Ivañez-Muñoz María , Alberola-Rubio José , Perales Alfredo , Monfort-Ortiz Rogelio
Published: December 2023

The lockdown and de-escalation process following the COVID-19 pandemic led to a period of new normality. This study aimed to assess the confinement impact on the mental health of peripartum women, as their psychological well-being may be particularly vulnerable and thus affect their offspring’s development. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among women who gave birth during strict confinement (G0) and the new normality period (G1), in which a self-administered paper-based questionnaire assessed 15 contextual factors and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). For each item, it was verified whether the positive screening rate differed in each confinement phase, and a risk factor study was conducted. For G0, significantly higher positive screening and preterm birth rates were observed in the positive screening group. In the case of G1, maternal age (>35 years), decreased physical activity, and normal weight were found to be protective factors against distress. This study underscores the heightened mental health risk for postpartum women during major psychosocial upheavals (war, economic crisis, natural disasters, or pandemics), along with their resilience as the positive screening rate decreases with the new normality. Findings encourage adopting strategies to identify high-risk women and promote effective measures, such as promoting physical activity.
Unraveling Catechol-O-Methyltransferase rs4680 SNP’s Role in Patients’ Response to Tramadol and Its Adverse Effects: A Pharmacogenetics Insight into Postoperative Pain Management
Authors: Khan Ammara , Waheed Akbar , Afsar Tayyaba , Abusharha Ali , Shafique Huma , Razak Suhail
Published: December 2023

Effective postoperative pain management is essential for patient well-being and an efficient healthcare system. Variations in the Catechol O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene, specifically rs4680, play a crucial role in pain perception and opioid response. This study seeks to elucidate the impact of rs4680 polymorphism on tramadol efficacy and adverse reactions in post-surgical patients. We performed an uncontrolled cohort pharmacogenetics study in which participants underwent postoperative tramadol administration. The frequencies of rs4680 alleles were determined and the association between rs4680 genotypes and the efficacy of tramadol analgesic as pain relief, measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), was analyzed. Secondary outcomes included tramadol-induced sedation levels, opioid-induced nausea and vomiting, and other adverse effects of tramadol. Data analysis, using IBM SPSS Statistics 23, focused on pain and side effect differences across genotypes, with statistical significance set to p ≤ 0.05. The COMT (rs4680) genotype distribution exhibited a ‘G’ allele frequency of 41.5% and an ‘A’ allele frequency of 58.5%, with the AA genotype present in 44% of individuals, adhering to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.788). Patients with the AA genotype reported lower pain scores post-tramadol administration across all times examined (p < 0.001), but also experienced statistically significant (p < 0.001) higher incidences of tramadol-induced nausea, vomiting, and sedation. However, GG genotype individuals experienced poor pain relief from tramadol, requiring more supplemental analgesia. These significant findings underscore the critical role of COMT rs4680 polymorphism in response to tramadol and the necessity of a personalized approach to postoperative pain management.
Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Dhaliwal Galvin , Patrone Michael V. , Bickston Stephen J.
Published: December 2023

Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which encompasses Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, experience chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Those with IBD face a higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to individuals without IBD. This escalated risk is associated with various factors, some modifiable and others non-modifiable, with disease activity being the primary concern. Interestingly, Janus Kinase inhibitors approved for the treatment of IBD may be associated with an increased risk of VTE but only in patients that have other underlying risk factors leading to an overall increased VTE risk. Several recognized medical societies have recommended the use of VTE prophylaxis for hospitalized individuals with IBD. The association between VTE and IBD and the need for pharmacologic prophylaxis remains under-recognized. Increased awareness of this complication can hopefully protect patients from a potentially deadly complication.
Proteomic Approaches to Unravel the Molecular Dynamics of Early Pregnancy in Farm Animals: An In-Depth Review
Authors: Jamwal Shradha , Jena Manoj Kumar , Tyagi Nikunj , Kancharla Sudhakar , Kolli Prachetha , Mandadapu Gowtham , Kumar Sudarshan , Mohanty Ashok Kumar
Published: December 2023

Infertility is a major problem in farm animals, which has a negative economic effect on farm industries. Infertility can be defined as the inability of animals to achieve a successful pregnancy. Early pregnancy is crucial to establish a successful pregnancy, and it is reported that 70–80% and 20–30% of total embryonic loss occur in cattle and pigs, respectively, during the first month of pregnancy. The advanced high-throughput proteomics techniques provide valuable tools for in-depth understanding of the implantation process in farm animals. In the present review, our goal was to compile, assess, and integrate the latest proteomic research on farm animals, specifically focused on female reproduction, which involves endometrial tissues, uterine fluids, oviductal fluids, and microRNAs. The series of studies has provided in-depth insights into the events of the implantation process by unfolding the molecular landscape of the uterine tract. The discussed data are related to pregnant vs. non-pregnant animals, pregnancy vs. oestrous cycle, different days of the early pregnancy phase, and animals with uterine infections affecting reproduction health. Some of the studies have utilized non-invasive methods and in vitro models to decipher the molecular events of embryo-maternal interaction. The proteomics data are valuable sources for discovering biomarkers for infertility in ruminants and new regulatory pathways governing embryo-uterine interaction, endometrium receptivity, and embryonic development. Here, we envisage that the identified protein signatures can serve as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers to develop new therapeutics against pregnancy diseases.
Reversible Stabilization of Nanofiber-Polyplexes through Introducing Cross-Linkages
Authors: Aono Ryuta , Nomura Kenta , Yuba Eiji , Harada Atsushi
Published: December 2023

Non-viral gene delivery systems are typically designed vector systems with contradictory properties, namely sufficient stability before cellular uptake and instability to ensure the release of nucleic acid cargoes in the transcription process after being taken up into cells. We reported previously that poly-(L-lysine) terminally bearing a multi-arm PEG (maPEG-PLL) formed nanofiber-polyplexes that suppressed excessive DNA condensation via steric repulsion among maPEGs and exhibited effective transcriptional capability in PCR amplification experiments and a cell-free gene expression system. In this study, the reversible stabilization of a nanofiber-polyplex without impairing the effective transcriptional capability was investigated by introducing cross-links between the PLL side chains within the polyplex using a cross-linking reagent with disulfide (SS) bonds that can be disrupted under reducing conditions. In the presence of dextran sulfate and/or dithiothreitol, the stability of the polyplex and the reactivity of the pDNA were evaluated using agarose gel electrophoresis and real-time PCR. We succeeded in reversibly stabilizing nanofiber-polyplexes using dithiobis (succinimidyl propionate) (DSP) as the cross-linking reagent. The effect of the reversible stabilization was confirmed in experiments using cultured cells, and the DSP-crosslinked polyplexes exhibited gene expression superior to that of polyethyleneimine polyplexes, which are typical polyplexes.
Biomimetic Coatings in Implant Dentistry: A Quick Update
Authors: Abdulghafor Mohammed Aso , Mahmood Mohammed Khalid , Tassery Herve , Tardivo Delphine , Falguiere Arthur , Lan Romain
Published: December 2023

Biomimetic dental implants are regarded as one of the recent clinical advancements in implant surface modification. Coatings with varying thicknesses and roughness may affect the dental implant surface’s chemical inertness, cell adhesion, and antibacterial characteristics. Different surface coatings and mechanical surface changes have been studied to improve osseointegration and decrease peri-implantitis. The surface medication increases surface energy, leading to enhanced cell proliferation and growth factors, and, consequently, to a rise in the osseointegration process. This review provides a comprehensive update on the numerous biomimetic coatings used to improve the surface characteristics of dental implants and their applications in two main categories: coating to improve osseointegration, including the hydroxyapatite layer and nanocomposites, growth factors (BMPs, PDGF, FGF), and extracellular matrix (collagen, elastin, fibronectin, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronan, and other proteoglycans), and coatings for anti-bacterial performance, covering drug-coated dental implants (antibiotic, statin, and bisphosphonate), antimicrobial peptide coating (GL13K and human beta defensins), polysaccharide antibacterial coatings (natural chitosan and its coupling agents) and metal elements (silver, zinc, and copper).
Media Output Score, a New Indicator for Measuring Online Media Coverage
Authors: Oliveira Uriel , Soares Christophe , Trigo Miguel R.
Published: December 2023

Communications professionals have widely recognized the importance of media coverage measurement. Despite having been discredited in measuring media coverage, either by the scientific community or by industry main organizations, advertising value equivalency (AVE) continues, nevertheless, to be a metric used by many communication professionals to measure digital media coverage. We propose a new metric, the Media Output Score (MOS), to automatically measure the online media coverage of brands in real-time, combining brand objectives with target media, media visibility, media favorability, readership, and social amplification of news by individuals. Using the design science research methodology, this research includes a case study analyzing the media coverage of the three main Portuguese telecommunications brands during one year on ten digital media outlets. The use of MOS with the sample data proved to be a comprehensive and valid metric to measure the output performance of brands’ digital media coverage since it effectively combines all variables, providing a single metric that can be used to evaluate and compare the performance in this context. This article presents the development, the application, and the implications of the MOS, providing a new lens through which to view and assess media coverage.
Shoulder Pain and Disability Scores and the Factors Influencing Them among Orthopedic Surgeons Working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Asiri Faya Ali , Alqhtani Abdulrhman Abdullh , Assiri Abdullah Hassan , Alqahtani Mohammed Hassan , Motlag Dhuha Saeed , Tedla Jaya Shanker , Alwadai Saad Ali
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Musculoskeletal pain is common among orthopedic surgeons. Their common musculoskeletal issues include shoulder pain and disability. Many associated factors could lead to this pain and disability; by identifying these, we can prevent orthopedic surgeons’ pain and improve their functional capacity. (2) Methods: This study aimed to gather quantitative data regarding the shoulder pain and disability experienced by orthopedic surgeons. It also aimed to explore the potential correlations between demographic characteristics and work-related factors and their pain and disability. This study interviewed 150 orthopedic surgeons working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, asking questions on the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) scale and about their demographic characteristics. (3) Results: All interviewed orthopedic surgeons were male, married, and nonsmokers. Their SPADI pain subsection score was 25.24%, their SPADI disability subsection score was 21.25%, and their total SPADI score was 22.79%. Among the examined demographic characteristics, total SPADI scores have a significant positive correlation with body weight (Spearman’s ρ = 0.432; p < 0.05) and body mass index (BMI; ρ = 0.349; p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Our findings indicate that all orthopedic surgeons generally suffer from moderate shoulder pain and disability. Body weight and body mass index are important factors that may influence shoulder pain and disability among orthopedic surgeons.
A Simple Bacteremia Score for Predicting Bacteremia in Patients with Suspected Infection in the Emergency Department: A Cohort Study
Authors: Han Hyelin , Kim Da Seul , Kim Minha , Heo Sejin , Chang Hansol , Lee Gun Tak , Lee Se Uk , Kim Taerim , Yoon Hee , Hwang Sung Yeon , Cha Won Chul , Sim Min Sub , Jo Ik Joon , Park Jong Eun , Shin Tae Gun
Published: December 2023

Bacteremia is a life-threatening condition that has increased in prevalence over the past two decades. Prompt recognition of bacteremia is important; however, identification of bacteremia requires 1 to 2 days. This retrospective cohort study, conducted from 10 November 2014 to November 2019, among patients with suspected infection who visited the emergency department (ED), aimed to develop and validate a simple tool for predicting bacteremia. The study population was randomly divided into derivation and development cohorts. Predictors of bacteremia based on the literature and logistic regression were assessed. A weighted value was assigned to predictors to develop a prediction model for bacteremia using the derivation cohort; discrimination was then assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Among the 22,519 patients enrolled, 18,015 were assigned to the derivation group and 4504 to the validation group. Sixteen candidate variables were selected, and all sixteen were used as significant predictors of bacteremia (model 1). Among the sixteen variables, the top five with higher odds ratio, including procalcitonin, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lactate level, platelet count, and body temperature, were used for the simple bacteremia score (model 2). The proportion of bacteremia increased according to the simple bacteremia score in both cohorts. The AUC for model 1 was 0.805 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.785–0.824) and model 2 was 0.791 (95% CI 0.772–0.810). The simple bacteremia prediction score using only five variables demonstrated a comparable performance with the model including sixteen variables using all laboratory results and vital signs. This simple score is useful for predicting bacteremia-assisted clinical decisions.
The Utility of CO2 Laser Treatment of Pelvic Symptoms in Women with Previous Perineal Trauma during Delivery
Authors: Filippini Maurizio , Angioli Roberto , Luvero Daniela , Sammarini Margaret , De Felice Giovanna , Latella Silvia , de Góis Speck Neila Maria , Farinelli Miriam , Martire Francesco Giuseppe , Gulino Ferdinando Antonio , Incognito Giosuè Giordano , Capriglione Stella
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to examine the impact of fractional CO2 laser treatment of pelvic symptoms in women who have undergone perineal trauma from vaginal delivery. It was a retrospective, monocentric analysis that encompassed all women assessed for pelvic discomfort or signs of vulvovaginal atrophy following vaginal delivery between 2013 and 2018. The severity of symptoms was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Twenty-seven patients met the inclusion criteria and were sorted into two groups: (1) women who had undergone episiotomies during labor (n = 11); and (2) women who had experienced spontaneous tears during vaginal delivery (n = 16). For women with episiotomies, each treatment and subsequent evaluation consistently showed a significant reduction in dyspareunia intensity. A similar positive trend was observed regarding pain at the introitus (7.5 vs. 6.5 after the first treatment, p = 0.03; 6.5 vs. 3 after the second treatment, p = 0.01; 3 vs. 1 after the third treatment, p = 0.01). Among women experiencing spontaneous perineal tears during delivery, there was a notable decrease in dyspareunia following all treatments (8 vs. 7 after the first treatment, p = 0.01; 8 vs. 4 after the second treatment, p = 0.02; 3 vs. 1 after the third treatment, p = 0.03). The impact of laser treatment did not exhibit significant differences between women who underwent episiotomies and those who experienced spontaneous perineal tears. In conclusion, fractional CO2 laser can be regarded as a non-pharmacological option for managing pelvic floor symptoms in women who encountered perineal trauma during delivery, independently from the nature, spontaneity, or iatrogenesis of the perineal laceration.
The Yin and Yang of IκB Kinases in Cancer
Authors: Abdrabou Abdalla M.
Published: December 2023

IκB kinases (IKKs), specifically IKKα and IKKβ, have long been recognized for their pivotal role in the NF-κB pathway, orchestrating immune and inflammatory responses. However, recent years have unveiled their dual role in cancer, where they can act as both promoters and suppressors of tumorigenesis. In addition, the interplay with pathways such as the MAPK and PI3K pathways underscores the complexity of IKK regulation and its multifaceted role in both inflammation and cancer. By exploring the molecular underpinnings of these processes, we can better comprehend the complex interplay between IKKs, tumor development, immune responses, and the development of more effective therapeutics. Ultimately, this review explores the dual role of IκB kinases in cancer, focusing on the impact of phosphorylation events and crosstalk with other signaling pathways, shedding light on their intricate regulation and multifaceted functions in both inflammation and cancer.