bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Türkiye’de Muhafazakar Milliyetçi ve Sol Düşüncelerde Siyasal Bir Sembol Olarak Atatürk
Authors: KOCA Oğuzhan
Published: June 2020

Kimlik, “ben kimim?” sorusuna verilen özelliklere karşılık gelirken, siyasal kimlik “ben siyaseten kimim?” sorusuna verilen cevaplardır denilebilir. İnsanlar, topluma ben olarak doğar, hayat akışı içinde siyasal konumlanışına göre kendisi gibi benler ile bir araya gelerek bir biz oluşturur ve bu bizlik duygusuyla beraber kimliğini bir ötekiye/onlara referansla inşa eder.
Chantal Mouffe ve Ernesto Laclau, toplumların kaçınılmaz şekilde bir tür biz/onlar karşıtlığına dayalı olarak yarıldığını belirtirler. Tüm toplumlarda bu ayrışmanın dinamikleri farklıdır ancak biz/onlar şeklindeki ayrışmanın kendisi hemen her toplumda kendini göstermektedir.
Biz/onlar şeklinde ayrılan toplumsal gruplar, siyasal alanda karşılaştıklarında, birbirlerine referansla inşa ettikleri kimliklerini semboller yardımıyla pekiştirirler. Duygu, düşünce ve inançların kolay yoldan ifade edilmesine ve kavramsallaştırılmasına yarayan semboller, siyasal alanda bir olay, fikir, slogan, işaret, davranış,
nesne veya kişi olabilir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı da, Türkiye’de Atatürk’ün muhafazakâr, milliyetçi ve sol düşüncelerde siyasal bir sembol haline getirilmesi ve kullanılmasını, bu düşüncelerin her biri için biz/onlar şeklindeki toplumsal ayrışma fikrini kullanarak teorik bir çerçeve oluşturmaya çalışmaktadır.
Beyond the Opera House: Some Victorian Ballet Burlesques
Authors: Hodgson Amanda
Published: June 2020

Histories of ballet have tended to pay little attention to Victorian theatre dance that was not performed in the opera house or the music hall. A great deal of dance was embedded in such popular theatrical genres as melodrama, extravaganza and burlesque, and is therefore best understood in the context of the wider theatrical culture of the period. This essay examines two ballet burlesques performed at the Adelphi Theatre in the 1840s: The Phantom Dancers (a version of Giselle) and Taming a Tartar (based on Le Diable à quatre). When located in relation to the generic qualities of other theatrical burlesques of the period, their particular combination of parody and serious attention to classical dance is clarified. In both plays classical dance is set against more demotic dance styles. This serves as a way of mocking the excesses of the original ballets, but also as a way of interrogating the nature and significance of the danse d’école when presented to a popular theatre audience.
Thinking Strategically about Dance Making: An Analysis of the Structuring Stage and the Strategies Choreographers Use for Varying Dance Works
Authors: Gavish Maya , Stevens Catherine J.
Published: June 2020

This empirical study investigates how expert choreographers structure their dance pieces and vary their dance designs. Specifically, the methods choreographers apply for selecting, ordering, and refining movement material into a coherent whole were explored. Accordingly, the structuring process of two expert contemporary choreographers was isolated and examined separately from other stages of dance development. We have used observations, interviews and questionnaires to understand the choreographers’ actions and thoughts as they worked on creating three dance pieces. In addition, a model from the field of design (Yilmaz et al 2011) was utilised as the main framework for analysing the quantitative and qualitative data that was extracted.

We found that choreographers transform their composition through the application of multiple strategies and particularly, ‘Local’ strategies. Still, each choreographer relies on a particular set of strategies based on the problems they identify in each process and their own personal preferences. Notably, real innovation was enabled through the application of ‘Process Strategies’. These techniques guided the choreographers’ overall approach through the solution space by forcing changes in a particular direction. As a result, new dance forms were discovered.
RIPK3: A New Player in Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Shi Ying , Chen Xinming , Huang Chunling , Pollock Carol
Published: June 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the end result of a plethora of renal insults, including repeated episodes of acute or toxic kidney injury, glomerular, or diabetic kidney disease. It affects a large number of the population worldwide, resulting in significant personal morbidity and mortality and economic cost to the community. Hence it is appropriate to focus on treatment strategies that interrupt the development of kidney fibrosis, the end result of all forms of CKD, in addition to upstream factors that may be specific to certain diseases. However, the current clinical approach to prevent or manage renal fibrosis remains unsatisfactory. The rising importance of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase (RIPK) 3 in the inflammatory response and TGF-β1 signaling is increasingly recognized. We discuss here the biological functions of RIPK3 and its role in the development of renal fibrosis.
Comparison and Validation of TROPOMI and OMI NO2 Observations over China
Authors: Wang Chunjiao , Wang Ting , Wang Pucai , Rakitin Vadim
Published: June 2020

The new-generation sensor TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel 5 precursor (S5P) satellite is promising for monitoring air pollutants with greater spatial resolution, especially for China, which suffers from severe pollution. As tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) from TROPOMI have become available since February 2018, this study presents the comparisons of NO2 data measured by TROPOMI and its predecessor Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) over China, together with validation against ground Multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements. At the nationwide scale, we used two different filters performed for the TROPOMI data (named TROPOMI50 and TROPOMI75), and the TROPOMI50 yielded larger values than TROPOMI75. The TROPOMI NO2 datasets from different filters show consistent spatial patterns with OMI, and the correlation coefficient values were both above 0.93. However, linear regression indicates that NO2 loadings in TROPOMI is about 2/3 to 4/5 of those in OMI, which is presumably due to a different cloud mask and uncertainties of air mass factors. The absolute difference is prominent over the high pollution areas such as Jing-Jin-Ji region and during winter and autumn, exceeding 0.6 × 1016 molecules cm−2 (molec cm−2). However, the NO2 concentrations retrieved from TROPOMI50 in the southern China may be somewhat higher than OMI. When it comes to the local-scale Jing-Jin-Ji hotspot, the analysis focuses on a comparison to TROPOMI75. TROPOMI manifests high quality and exhibits a significantly better performance of representing spatial variability. In contrast, OMI shows fewer effective pixels and does a poor job of capturing local details due to its row anomaly and low resolution. The absolute difference between two datasets shows the same seasonal behavior with NO2 variation, which is most striking in the winter (0.31 × 1016 molec cm−2) and is lowest in the summer (0.05 × 1016 molec cm−2). Furthermore, the ground MAX-DOAS instrument in Xianghe station, the representative site in Jing-Jin-Ji, is used to assess the skill of satellite retrievals. It turns out that both OMI and TROPOMI underestimate the observations, ranging from 30% to 50%, with OMI being less biased. In spite of the negative drift, the temporal structures of changes derived from OMI and TROPOMI closely match the ground-based records, since the correlation coefficients are above 0.8 and 0.95 for daily and monthly scales, respectively. Overall, TROPOMI NO2 retrievals are better suited for applications in China as well as the Jing-Jin-Ji hotspot due to its higher spatial resolution, although some improvements are also needed in the near future.
Dreaming and Insomnia: Link between Physiological REM Parameters and Mentation Characteristics
Authors: Benz Fee , Riemann Dieter , Feige Bernd
Published: June 2020

(1) Background: An unresolved phenomenon of insomnia disorder is a discrepancy between objectively measured sleep and subjective complaints. It has been shown that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep might be especially vulnerable to an altered perception. The present work aimed to investigate the link between physiological REM parameters and mentation characteristics in REM sleep. (2) Methods: 22 patients with insomnia and 23 good sleepers indicating at least one REM mentation within an awakening study were included. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were calculated to examine group differences and effects of mentation characteristics on number of arousals, REM density, and spectral power prior to awakenings. (3) Results: Increased perceived wakefulness was related to lower delta, theta, and alpha power in the minute prior to the REM awakenings. Nevertheless, no group differences regarding spectral power were found. With respect to number of arousals and REM density, no significant effects of mentation characteristics and no group differences were found. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that spectral power in REM sleep is linked with altered sleep perception. Reduced delta, theta, and alpha power might be a signature of this modified REM sleep associated with a high level of perceived wakefulness. Future awakening studies are necessary to further explore the link between physiological REM parameters and sleep perception.
Distribution of Lymph Node Metastases in Esophageal Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Upfront Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hagens Eliza R. C. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Gisbertz Suzanne S.
Published: June 2020

Metastatic lymphatic mapping in esophageal cancer is important to determine the optimal extent of the radiation field in case of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and lymphadenectomy when esophagectomy is indicated. The objective of this review is to identify the distribution pattern of metastatic lymphatic spread in relation to histology, tumor location, and T-stage in patients with esophageal cancer. Embase and Medline databases were searched by two independent researchers. Studies were included if published before July 2019 and if a transthoracic esophagectomy with a complete 2- or 3-field lymphadenectomy was performed without neoadjuvant therapy. The prevalence of lymph node metastases was described per histologic subtype and primary tumor location. Fourteen studies were included in this review with a total of 8952 patients. We found that both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma metastasize to cervical, thoracic, and abdominal lymph node stations, regardless of the primary tumor location. In patients with an upper, middle, and lower thoracic squamous cell carcinoma, the lymph nodes along the right recurrent nerve are often affected (34%, 24% and 10%, respectively). Few studies describe the metastatic pattern of adenocarcinoma. The current literature is heterogeneous in the classification and reporting of lymph node metastases. This complicates evidence-based strategies in neoadjuvant and surgical treatment.
Sex-Specific Differences in Primary CNS Lymphoma
Authors: Roetzer Thomas , Furtner Julia , Gesperger Johanna , Seebrecht Lukas , Bandke Dave , Brada Martina , Brandner-Kokalj Tanisa , Grams Astrid , Haybaeck Johannes , Kitzwoegerer Melitta , Leber Stefan L. , Marhold Franz , Moser Patrizia , Sherif Camillo , Trenkler Johannes , Unterluggauer Julia , Weis Serge , Wuertz Franz , Hainfellner Johannes A. , Langs Georg , Nenning Karl-Heinz , Woehrer Adelheid
Published: June 2020

Sex-specific differences have been increasingly recognized in many human diseases including brain cancer, namely glioblastoma. Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is an exceedingly rare type of brain cancer that tends to have a higher incidence and worse outcomes in male patients. Yet, relatively little is known about the reasons that contribute to these observed sex-specific differences. Using a population-representative cohort of patients with PCNSL with dense magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and digital pathology annotation (n = 74), we performed sex-specific cluster and survival analyses to explore possible associations. We found three prognostically relevant clusters for females and two for males, characterized by differences in (i) patient demographics, (ii) tumor-associated immune response, and (iii) MR imaging phenotypes. Upon a multivariable analysis, an enhanced FoxP3+ lymphocyte-driven immune response was associated with a shorter overall survival particularly in female patients (HR 1.65, p = 0.035), while an increased extent of contrast enhancement emerged as an adverse predictor of outcomes in male patients (HR 1.05, p < 0.01). In conclusion, we found divergent prognostic constellations between female and male patients with PCNSL that suggest differential roles of tumor-associated immune response and MR imaging phenotypes. Our results further underline the importance of continued sex-specific analyses in the field of brain cancer.
Targeting Pharmacokinetic Drug Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells with CDK4/6 Inhibitors
Authors: Sorf Ales , Sucha Simona , Morell Anselm , Novotna Eva , Staud Frantisek , Zavrelova Alzbeta , Visek Benjamin , Wsol Vladimir , Ceckova Martina
Published: June 2020

Pharmacotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains challenging, and the disease has one of the lowest curability rates among hematological malignancies. The therapy outcomes are often compromised by the existence of a resistant AML phenotype associated with overexpression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters. Because AML induction therapy frequently consists of anthracycline-like drugs, their efficiency may also be diminished by drug biotransformation via carbonyl reducing enzymes (CRE). In this study, we investigated the modulatory potential of the CDK4/6 inhibitors abemaciclib, palbociclib, and ribociclib on AML resistance using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from patients with de novo diagnosed AML. We first confirmed inhibitory effect of the tested drugs on ABCB1 and ABCG2 in ABC transporter-expressing resistant HL-60 cells while also showing the ability to sensitize the cells to cytotoxic drugs even as no effect on AML-relevant CRE isoforms was observed. All tested CDK4/6 inhibitors elevated mitoxantrone accumulations in CD34+ PBMC and enhanced accumulation of mitoxantrone was found with abemaciclib and ribociclib in PBMC of FLT3-ITD- patients. Importantly, the accumulation rate in the presence of CDK4/6 inhibitors positively correlated with ABCB1 expression in CD34+ patients and led to enhanced apoptosis of PBMC in contrast to CD34− samples. In summary, combination therapy involving CDK4/6 inhibitors could favorably target multidrug resistance, especially when personalized based on CD34− and ABCB1-related markers.
Biodiversity of Marine Microbes
Authors: Genitsaris Savvas
Published: June 2020

The Special Issue entitled “Biodiversity of Marine Microbes” aimed at highlighting the significance of marine microbes as primary producers, their participation in complex processes and interactions with both the biotic and the abiotic environment, and their important roles in biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning. The issue includes five research papers, covering the diversity and composition of marine microbial communities representing all three domains of life in various marine environments, including coastal eutrophic areas, ice waters, and lagoons. One paper examined the diversity and succession of bacterial and archaeal communities from coastal waters in mesocosm experiments. The combination of classical tools with novel technological advances offers the opportunity to answer fundamental questions and shed light on the complex and diverse life of marine microbes.
From the Editor
Authors: Kaya Gürkan
Published: June 2020

Dear Readers, [...]
Endocrines: A Passion for Endocrinology
Authors: Brunetti Antonio
Published: June 2020

“Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind [...]
Quantification of Lichen Cover and Biomass Using Field Data, Airborne Laser Scanning and High Spatial Resolution Optical Data—A Case Study from a Canadian Boreal Pine Forest
Authors: Hillman Ashley C. , Nielsen Scott E.
Published: June 2020

Ground-dwelling macrolichens dominate the forest floor of mature upland pine stands in the boreal forest. Understanding patterns of lichen abundance, as well as environmental characteristics associated with lichen growth, is key to managing lichens as a forage resource for threatened woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). The spectral signature of light-coloured lichen distinguishes it from green vegetation, potentially allowing for mapping of lichen abundance using multi-spectral imagery, while canopy structure measured from airborne laser scanning (ALS) of forest openings can indirectly map lichen habitat. Here, we test the use of high-resolution KOMPSAT (Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-3) imagery (280 cm resolution) and forest structural characteristics derived from ALS to predict lichen biomass in an upland jack pine forest in Northeastern Alberta, Canada. We quantified in the field lichen abundance (cover and biomass) in mature jack pine stands across low, moderate, and high canopy cover. We then used generalized linear models to relate lichen abundance to spectral data from KOMPSAT and structural metrics from ALS. Model selection suggested that lichen abundance was best predicted by canopy cover (ALS points > 1.37 m) and to a lesser extent blue spectral data from KOMPSAT. Lichen biomass was low at plots with high canopy cover (98.96 g/m2), while almost doubling for plots with low canopy cover (186.30 g/m2). Overall the model fit predicting lichen biomass was good (R2 c = 0.35), with maps predicting lichen biomass from spectral and structural data illustrating strong spatial variations. High-resolution mapping of ground lichen can provide information on lichen abundance that can be of value for management of forage resources for woodland caribou. We suggest that this approach could be used to map lichen biomass for other regions.
Cross-Sectional Associations of Total Daily Volume and Activity Patterns across the Activity Spectrum with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Verswijveren Simone J. J. M. , Lamb Karen E. , Timperio Anna , Salmon Jo , Telford Rohan M. , Daly Robin M. , Cerin Ester , Hume Clare , Olive Lisa S. , Mackintosh Kelly A. , McNarry Melitta A. , Ridgers Nicola D.
Published: June 2020

Sedentary and physical activity patterns (bouts/breaks) may be important for cardiometabolic health in early life. This study aimed to examine cross-sectional associations of total daily volume and patterns across the activity spectrum with cardiometabolic risk factors in youth aged 7–13 years. Objectively measured accelerometer and cardiometabolic risk factor data were pooled from two studies (n = 1219; 69% valid accelerometry). Total daily volume of sedentary time and light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity physical activity was determined. Time in sustained bouts and median bout lengths of all intensities and breaks in sedentary time were also calculated. Outcomes included body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood lipids, and a cardiometabolic summary score. Regression models revealed beneficial associations between total daily volumes of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity and cardiometabolic risk. Time spent in ≥1 min vigorous-intensity physical activity bouts was beneficially associated with cardiometabolic risk, yet this disappeared after adjusting for total vigorous-intensity physical activity and confounders. Time accumulated in light- (≥1 min; ≥5 min) and moderate-intensity (≥1 min) physical activity bouts was detrimentally associated with cardiometabolic risk. Total daily volume and activity patterns may have implications for cardiometabolic risk early in life. Sporadic physical activity may be more beneficial for health than sustained physical activity.
Influence of Mining and Vegetation Restoration on Soil Properties in the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Hu Yunlong , Yu Zhifeng , Fang Xiangling , Zhang Weixiong , Liu Jinrong , Zhao Feng
Published: June 2020

Mining causes serious destruction of the surface morphology and soil structure of lands, and vegetation restoration on post-mining lands provides an effective way for soil and water conservation. To determine the influence of mining and vegetation restoration on soil properties in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, four land sites, including two vegetation restoration sites (restorated by Elymus nutans and Picea crassifolia, respectively), one non-vegetated mining site and one native grassland site, were selected. Fifty-two topsoil (0–10) samples were collected from these four sites, and then soil properties, trace metals and soil enzyme activities were analyzed. The results showed that there was an increase in soil pH (>8.0) after mining, while vegetation restoration decreased the soil pH compared with native grassland; the soil organic matter and total nitrogen in the site restored with E. nutans increased by 48.8% and 25.17%, respectively, compared with the site restored with P. crassifolia. The soil enzyme activities decreased after mining, and there were no significant increases in urease, phosphatase, β-glucosidase and β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities after five years of restoration. In addition, the contents of soil trace metals (cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead and zinc) after mining were lower than the Chinese threshold (GB 15618/2018), but the content of arsenic in non-vegetated soil and P. crassifolia-restored soil exceeded the threshold by 22.61 times and 22.86 times, respectively. Therefore, As-contaminated land areas should be accurately determined and treated in a timely way to prevent arsenic from spreading, and plant species with tolerance to alkaline soil should be selected for vegetation restoration on post-mining lands.
The Effect of the Ultra-Marathon Run at a Distance of 100 Kilometers on the Concentration of Selected Adipokines in Adult Men
Authors: Czajkowska Anna , Ambroszkiewicz Jadwiga , Mróz Anna , Witek Katarzyna , Nowicki Dariusz , Małek Łukasz
Published: June 2020

Pro-inflammatory adipokines have a multifunctional role in adipogenesis, angiogenesis, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of running a 100 km ultra-marathon on serum levels of two adipokines: resistin and chemerin. Fifteen male participants complete a medical questionnaire and their body composition is assessed. Serum resistin, chemerin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glucose, and lactate levels are measured at baseline and post-race. During-race data on fluid and food consumption and energy expenditure are calculated. There is a higher (p < 0.001) post-race concentration of resistin and hs-CRP compared with resting values, with no change in chemerin levels. There is an inverse correlation of the change in resistin levels with post-run glucose values (r = 0.742, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation between changes in hs-CRP and energy expenditure (r = 0.782, p < 0.001). The present results show the impact of running an ultra-marathon on serum levels of pro-inflammatory markers released by adipose tissue. It is difficult to establish whether these results may be due to the stress of exercise, high energy expenditure or caloric deficit. However, we suggest that an addition of resistin to traditional pro-inflammatory markers (including CRP) may improve the assessment of inflammation in conditions of high-energy expenditure.
Close Associations of Gum Bleeding with Systemic Diseases in Late Adolescence
Authors: Abe Masanobu , Mitani Akihisa , Yao Atsushi , Takeshima Hideyuki , Zong Liang , Hoshi Kazuto , Yanagimoto Shintaro
Published: June 2020

Background: Though it is well known that periodontal diseases are associated with various systemic diseases in adults, the associations in late adolescents have not been adequately elucidated. We investigated the association between gum bleeding (a major symptom of periodontal diseases) and common systemic diseases in late adolescents: allergic, respiratory, and otorhinolaryngologic diseases. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the mandatory medical questionnaires administered as a part of legally required freshman medical checkup between April 2017 and April 2019 at the University of Tokyo. Among the total of 9376 sets of responses, 9098 sets from students aged less than 20 were analyzed. An χ2 test and univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses were performed using SAS ver. 9.4. A value of p < 0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: According to the questionnaire data, 3321 students (36.5%; 2780 males and 541 females) responded that they experienced gum bleeding whenever they brushed their teeth. These students had significantly higher incidence rates of otitis media/externa and asthma/cough-variant asthma (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). The results of the multivariate analysis showed significant rates of the following complications among these students: (1) otitis media/externa (odds ratio (OR) 1.691; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.193–2.396; p = 0.003), (2) asthma/cough-variant asthma (OR 1.303; 95% CI: 1.091–1.556; p = 0.003), and (3) male gender (OR 1.536; 95% CI: 1.337–1.765; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Gum bleeding was closely associated with otitis media/externa and asthma in late adolescents. Our study reinforces new evidence about the association between periodontal diseases and asthma, and it reveals a novel and close association between gum bleeding and otitis media/externa.
Differences in Rehabilitation Needs after Stroke: A Similarity Analysis on the ICF Core Set for Stroke
Authors: Perin Cecilia , Bolis Marta , Limonta Marco , Meroni Roberto , Ostasiewicz Katarzyna , Cornaggia Cesare Maria , Alouche Sandra Regina , da Silva Matuti Gabriela , Cerri Cesare Giuseppe , Piscitelli Daniele
Published: June 2020

Background: Successful rehabilitation is associated with physical, psychological, environmental, social, and personal factors based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. The influence of age has been suggested as crucial personal factors that may affect rehabilitation needs in post-stroke survivors. The aim of this study was to investigate the qualifiers of the ICF core set for stroke to detect differences in rehabilitation needs and goals between older (O, >65 years old) and younger (Y, ≤65 years old,) post-stroke individuals. Materials and methods: In this observational study, the comprehensive core set for stroke was filled during the rehabilitation period. Patient information was obtained using disability scales and translated into certain ICF categories using linking rules. Frequency, similarity, and linear regression analyses were performed for ICF qualifier profiles among Y and O patients. Results: Forty-eight ICF variables were significantly different between Y (n = 35, 46.17 ± 11.27 years old) and O (n = 35, 76.43 ± 6.77 years old) patients. Frequency analysis showed that activity of daily living and basic needs were more prevalent in O patients, whereas regaining of social role and social life were more prevalent in Y patients. The average Jaccard Index result (similarity analysis) was more homogeneous in O than in Y patients. Conclusions: ICF qualifiers are useful to design patient-centered care. Y patients have more heterogeneous needs and require more personalized program than O patients.
Effect of Levels of Self-Regulation and Situational Stress on Achievement Emotions in Undergraduate Students: Class, Study and Testing
Authors: de la Fuente Jesús , Verónica Paoloni Paola , Vera-Martínez Manuel Mariano , Garzón-Umerenkova Angélica
Published: June 2020

Achievement emotions constitute one important variable among the many variables of students’ learning. The aim of this research was to analyze the differential effect of university students’ levels of self-regulation (1 = low, 2 = medium and 3 = high), and of their level of perceived stress in three academic situations (1 = class, 2 = study time and 3 = testing), on the type of achievement emotionality they experience (positive and negative emotions). The following hypotheses were established: (1) a higher level of student self-regulation would be accompanied by higher levels of positive emotionality and lower levels of negative emotionality and (2) a higher level of situational stress would predispose higher levels of negative emotionality and lower levels of positive emotionality. A total of 520 university students completed three self-reports with validated inventories. Descriptive, correlational, and structural prediction analyses (SEM) were performed, as well as 3 × 3 ANOVAs, under an ex post facto design by selection. The results showed overall fulfillment of the hypotheses, except for a few specific emotions. Implications for prevention and psychoeducational guidance in the sphere of university education are discussed.
Evidences from Clinical Trials in Down Syndrome: Diet, Exercise and Body Composition
Authors: Martínez-Espinosa Rosa María , Molina Vila Mariola D , Reig García-Galbis Manuel
Published: June 2020

Down syndrome (DS) is related to diseases like congenital heart disease, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity and overweight. Studies focused on DS associated with obesity and overweight are still scarce. The main objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between dietary intervention, physical exercise and body composition, in DS with overweight and obesity. This review is based on the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). Selection criteria for this analysis were: publications between January 1997 and December 2019; DS individuals with overweight and obesity; clinical trials using dietary intervention and physical exercise paying attention to changes in body composition. Selected clinical trials were focused on an exclusive intervention based on physical exercise. The anthropometric measures analyzed were body fat, BMI, waist circumference, body weight and fat free mass. The main conclusion is that prescribing structured physical exercise intervention may be related to a greater variation in body composition. Despite limited number of clinical trials analyzed, it can be assumed that the reported studies have not achieved optimal results and that the design of future clinical trials should be improved. Some guidelines are proposed to contribute to the improvement of knowledge in this field.
Identification of Time-Invariant Biomarkers for Non-Genotoxic Hepatocarcinogen Assessment
Authors: Huang Shan-Han , Lin Ying-Chi , Tung Chun-Wei
Published: June 2020

Non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (NGHCs) can only be confirmed by 2-year rodent studies. Toxicogenomics (TGx) approaches using gene expression profiles from short-term animal studies could enable early assessment of NGHCs. However, high variance in the modulation of the genes had been noted among exposure styles and datasets. Expanding from our previous strategy in identifying consensus biomarkers in multiple experiments, we aimed to identify time-invariant biomarkers for NGHCs in short-term exposure styles and validate their applicability to long-term exposure styles. In this study, nine time-invariant biomarkers, namely A2m, Akr7a3, Aqp7, Ca3, Cdc2a, Cdkn3, Cyp2c11, Ntf3, and Sds, were identified from four large-scale microarray datasets. Machine learning techniques were subsequently employed to assess the prediction performance of the biomarkers. The biomarker set along with the Random Forest models gave the highest median area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.824 and a low interquartile range (IQR) variance of 0.036 based on a leave-one-out cross-validation. The application of the models to the external validation datasets achieved high AUC values of greater than or equal to 0.857. Enrichment analysis of the biomarkers inferred the involvement of chronic inflammatory diseases such as liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in NGHCs. The time-invariant biomarkers provided a robust alternative for NGHC prediction.
Expectations and Prospects of Young Adult Caregivers Regarding the Support of Professionals: A Qualitative Focus Group Study
Authors: van der Werf Hinke M. , Paans Wolter , Emmens Geertjan , Francke Anneke L. , Roodbol Petrie F. , Luttik Marie Louise A.
Published: June 2020

There is a lack of service provision for young adult caregivers (18–25 years of age). This study aims to describe the expectations and prospects of young adult caregivers regarding support from health and education professionals. A qualitative focus group design was used. Twenty-five young Dutch adults (aged 18–25 years) who were growing up with a chronically ill family member participated in one of seven focus groups. Qualitative inductive analysis was used to identify codes and main themes. Two overarching themes with five sub-themes emerged from the focus group discussions. The overarching themes are: the ‘process of approaching young adults’ and the ‘types of support these young adults require’. The process of approaching young adults contains the sub-themes: ‘recognition, attention, and listening’, ‘open-minded attitude’, ‘reliability’, and ‘respecting autonomy’. The types of support this group requires contains the sub-themes: ‘information and emotional support’. Health and education professionals should first and foremost be aware and listen to young adult caregivers, pay attention to them, have an open-minded attitude, respect their autonomy, and have the knowledge to provide them with information and emotional support. Further research could yield comprehensive insights into how professionals can meet these requirements and whether these results apply to male young adult caregivers and young adult caregivers not enrolled in a healthcare-related study program.
Syndromic Surveillance of Acute Gastroenteritis Using the French Health Insurance Database: Discriminatory Algorithm and Drug Prescription Practices Evaluations
Authors: Bounoure Frederic , Mouly Damien , Beaudeau Pascal , Bentayeb Malek , Chesneau Julie , Jones Gabrielle , Skiba Mohamed , Lahiani-Skiba Malika , Galey Catherine
Published: June 2020

The French national public health agency (Santé publique France) has used data from the national health insurance reimbursement system (SNDS) to identify medicalised acute gastroenteritis (mAGE) for more than 10 years. This paper presents the method developed to evaluate this system: performance and characteristics of the discriminatory algorithm, portability in mainland and overseas French departments, and verification of the mAGE database updating process. Pharmacy surveys with certified mAGE from 2012 to 2015 were used to characterise mAGE and to estimate the sensitivity and predictive positive value (PPV) of the algorithm. Prescription characteristics from these pharmacy surveys and from 2014 SNDS prescriptions in six mainland and overseas departments were compared. The sensitivity (0.90) and PPV (0.82) did not vary according to the age of the population or year. Prescription characteristics were similar within all studied departments. This confirms that the algorithm can be used in all French departments, for both paediatric and adult populations, with stability and durability over time. The algorithm can identify mAGE cases at a municipal level. The validated system has been implemented in a national waterborne disease outbreaks surveillance system since 2019 with the aim of improving the prevention of infectious disease risk attributable to localised tap water systems.
Implementing a Feasible Exercise Programme in an Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Setting—Impact on Physical Activity and Fatigue
Authors: Kisch Annika , Jakobsson Sofie , Forsberg Anna
Published: June 2020

Physical exercise for patients treated with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has shown positive effects on the quality of life and fatigue in experimental trials. However, there is a need for longitudinal evaluation of exercise programmes implemented in a real-world clinical setting. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the impact of an exercise programme introduced before allo-HSCT on physical activity and fatigue before, during and after in-patient care. A structured exercise programme, including strength and endurance exercises, was implemented at a Swedish university hospital four weeks before transplantation, continuing during in-patient care and after discharge. Between March 2016 and May 2018, 67 adult patients, 33 women and 34 men with a mean age of 55.5 years participated. Fatigue was measured by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory at four time points. The patients documented their exercises on a checklist each week during the entire study period. The fatigue trajectory differed between various sub-groups, thus individualized supervision and support to maintain motivation is needed. In conclusion, a structured yet realistic exercise programme before admission is beneficial for allo-HSCT patients in order to reduce fatigue and prepare them for transplantation both physically and mentally.
Leader Behavioral Integrity and Employee In-Role Performance: The Roles of Coworker Support and Job Autonomy
Authors: Choi Yongjun , Yoon David , Kim Dongkyu
Published: June 2020

The positive relationship between leader behavioral integrity and an employee’s in-role performance is well-established, but explanations for why this effect exists are still in a nascent stage. Drawing upon leader behavioral integrity theory and job-demands resources theory, the authors explain how leader behavioral integrity facilitates employee in-role performance and the boundary conditions influencing the relationship between leader behavioral integrity and employee in-role performance. Using multisource data from 209 employee-manager dyads in South Korea, this paper found support for the mediating effect of coworker support in the positive relationship between leader behavior integrity and employees’ in-role autonomy. Furthermore, compared to those who perceive low job autonomy, the positive indirect effect of leader behavioral integrity on in-role performance via coworker support was stronger for employees who perceive high job autonomy. The findings emphasize the importance of a leader’s individual difference (i.e., leader behavioral integrity) and job resources (i.e., job autonomy) facilitating the receipt of team members’ supporting behaviors which, in turn, energize employee in-role performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Clinical Factors, Preventive Behaviours and Temporal Outcomes Associated with COVID-19 Infection in Health Professionals at a Spanish Hospital
Authors: Rivera-Izquierdo Mario , Valero-Ubierna María del Carmen , Martínez-Diz Silvia , Fernández-García Miguel Ángel , Martín-Romero Divina Tatiana , Maldonado-Rodríguez Francisco , Sánchez-Pérez María Rosa , Martín-delosReyes Luis Miguel , Martínez-Ruiz Virginia , Lardelli-Claret Pablo , Jiménez-Mejías Eladio
Published: June 2020

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has quickly spread around the world, with Spain being one of the most severely affected countries. Healthcare professionals are an important risk group given their exposure. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of symptoms, main concerns as patients, preventive behaviours of healthcare professionals, and the different temporal outcomes associated with the negativization of PCR results. A total of 238 professionals were analysed and follow-up was conducted from 11 March to 21 April 2020 through clinical records, in-depth surveys, and telephone interviews. Symptoms, concerns, and preventive measures were documented, and temporal outcomes (start and end of symptoms, first positive PCR, and negativization of PCR) were analysed through survival analyses. A high prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (especially in women and older professionals), fever, cough, and fatigue were reported. The main concern was contagion in the work and home environment. Professionals (especially men) reported low use of face masks before the pandemic. Our analysis indicates that the median times for the negativization of PCR testing to confirm the resolution of infection is 15 days after the end of symptoms, or 25 days after the first positive PCR test. Our results suggest that these times are longer for women and for professionals aged ≥55 years, therefore follow-up strategies should be optimized in light of both variables. This is the first study we are aware of to report factors associated with the time to negativization of PCR results. We present the first rigorous estimates of time outcomes and hope that these data can be valuable to continue feeding the prediction models that are currently being developed. Similar studies are required to corroborate our results.
Associations of Heart Rate Measures during Physical Education with Academic Performance and Executive Function in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Muntaner-Mas Adrià , Vidal-Conti Josep , Salmon Jo , Palou-Sampol Pere
Published: June 2020

The current evidence for a relation between children’s heart rate measures and their academic performance and executive functioning is infancy. Despite several studies observing dose-response effects of physical activity on academic performance and executive function in children, further research using objective measures of the relative intensity of physical activity (e.g., heart rate) is warranted. The present study aimed to inspect associations between heart rate response and various academic performance indicators and executive function domains. A total of 130 schoolchildren between the ages of 9 and 13 years (M = 10.69, SD 0.96 years old; 56.9% boys) participated in a cross-sectional study. Children’s heart rate data were collected through participation in physical education classes using the polar TeamTM hardware and software. One week before heart rate measures, academic performance was obtained from the school records in maths, Spanish language, Catalan language, physical education, and Grade point average. Executive function was measured by two domains, cognitive flexibility with the Trail Making Test and inhibition with the Stroop test. Associations between children’s heart rate data and academic performance and executive function were analyzed using regression models. Academic performance was found to be positively related to four heart rate measures (β range, 0.191 to 0.275; all p < 0.040). Additionally, the hard heart rate intensity level was positively related to two academic indicators (β range, 0.183 to 0.192; all p < 0.044). Three heart rate measures were associated with two cognitive flexibility subdomains (β range, −0.248 to 0.195; all p < 0.043), and three heart rate measures were related to one inhibition subdomain (β range, 0.198 to 0.278; all p < 0.028). The results showed slight associations of heart rate responses during physical education lessons with academic performance but did not clearly indicate associations with executive function. Future experimental studies testing associations between different bouts of intensity levels are needed to disentangle the relationship with brain function during childhood.
Career Prospects of Young Dentists in Switzerland
Authors: Campus Guglielmo , Rusca Philippe , Amrhein Christine , Meier Andreas , Zeyer Oliver , Wolf Thomas Gerhard
Published: June 2020

The observational cross-sectional study was aimed to obtain information on the promotion and development of young professionals in Switzerland. An online survey with 20 questions was sent out. Data was collected on participants’ demographic data, including age, gender, level of qualification, place of work, information on employment, future perspectives, and career prospects. The survey was sent out to 1920 practitioners, of which 440 (22.9%) responded (37.1% males and 62.9% females). Of them, 76.6% were members of the Swiss Dental Association (SSO) 15.9% students, and 7.5% non-SSO members. Most participants had parents with a dental education (80.9%), and 19.8% did not. Young dentists in Switzerland most often saw their career prospects as neutral (39.8%) or rather positive (39.3%). Whereas significantly fewer dentists had a negative view of their professional future (16.8%), including more women than men, the fewest dentists of both sexes (4.1%) saw their career prospects as positive by far. The majority of young dentists were satisfied with their career prospects. Within the limitations of the current study, the reasons for this need further investigation. Despite good career prospects, there is a desire among young colleagues for cantonal practice assistance and mentoring programs, as well as support in finding a job and in taking the plunge into self-employment.
Effect of Trade Openness on Food Security in the EU: A Dynamic Panel Analysis
Authors: Fusco Giulio , Coluccia Benedetta , De Leo Federica
Published: June 2020

The problem of food insecurity is growing across the world, including economically developed countries. In Europe, the question is not just about the total supply of foods, but it includes even the accessibility of prices and their nutritional and qualitative adequacy. In this context many countries recognize the importance of trade policies to ensure adequate levels of food security. The aim of this work was to analyze the impact of trade openness on the level of food security in European countries, using a dynamic panel analysis with the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach. We selected two different indicators of food security (average protein supply, average dietary energy supply adequacy) capable of offering information both on the quantity and on the nutritional quality of the food supply. In order to improve the robustness of the empirical results, we developed three different regressions, with three trade openness indicators (trade openness, tariff, globalization) for each food security indicator. The results showed that commercial opening has, on average, a statistically significant net positive impact on the food security of European countries. Additional results indicate that also economic development, together with the importance of the agricultural sector, can improve food security levels.
The Effects of Age, Organized Physical Activity and Sedentarism on Fitness in Older Adults: An 8-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gomez-Bruton Alejandro , Navarrete-Villanueva David , Pérez-Gómez Jorge , Vila-Maldonado Sara , Gesteiro Eva , Gusi Narcis , Villa-Vicente Jose Gerardo , Espino Luis , Gonzalez-Gross Marcela , Casajus Jose A. , Ara Ignacio , Gomez-Cabello Alba , Vicente-Rodríguez German
Published: June 2020

The aims of the present study were (1) to describe the changes in physical fitness during an 8 year follow-up in a large sample of Spanish adults aged 65 or over that are initially engaged in organized physical activity (OPA), (2) to compare fitness changes according to different age groups (65 to 69 vs. 70 to 74 vs. ≥75 years-old), (3) to evaluate the independent and combined effects of changes in OPA engagement and sitting time (ST) on physical fitness. A total of 642 (147 males) non-institutionalized over 65 years-old participants completed the EXERNET battery fitness tests and completed a validated questionnaire from which information regarding OPA and ST were collected. All participants completed evaluations in 2008–2009 and in 2016–2017. An impairment of fitness-related variables happens after 65 years of age in both males and females, with the older participants (≥75), showing the largest decreases. Males who continued performing OPA demonstrated lower decreases in balance, leg flexibility and agility when compared to those who stopped performing OPA during the follow-up. Females who continued performing OPA demonstrated lower decreases of all variables except for balance when compared to those who stopped performing OPA during the follow-up.