bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified planting geometry and fertilizer rate on productivity of corn (Zea mays L.) in Vertisols
Authors: Umesh M. R. , Ramesh Y. M. , Banuvally Manjunatha , Ajayakumar M. Y. , Angadi Sangu
Published: January 2019

A field experiment was conducted at Raichur, Karnataka with an objective to find out production potential of grain corn planted in clumps and rate of fertilizer application. Design followed was split plot and repeated thrice with rate of fertilizer application as main factor and planting geometry as sub factor. Treatments consists of planting corn at 2, 3, 4 seeds/hill compared with single seeds/hill (60 cm x 20 cm) and farmers practice uneven spacing. In clumped plants inter row spacing is similar (60 cm) and intra row distance is differ to maintain uniform plant density (83,333 plants/ha) in each treatment. Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) was applied in 2 splits and 150% RDF in 3 splits. Results revealed that planting 2 seeds /hill at 60 cm x 40 cm recorded significantly higher yield, economics of corn as compared to 3 and 4 seeds/hill and farmers practice. As increased plant population per hill maintains higher soil moisture at 75 days after planting (7.5-9.4%) and lower dry matter per plant at harvest (236.3 to 185.5 g) as compared to conventional planting. Application of higher (150%) fertilizers in 3 splits recorded higher dry matter production, grain yield, and economic returns over RDF. This may be useful strategy for corn productivity enhancement by clump planting with higher fertilizer rate.
Seed yield and quality as influenced by growing conditions in hybrid seed production of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) cv. Pusa Hybrid-1
Authors: Jat G. S. , Singh Balraj , Tomar B. S. , Singh Jogendra , Ram Hanuman , Kumar Mukul
Published: January 2019

The present investigation was carried out under insect proof net house (IPN) and open field condition (OFC) at Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology and Seed Testing Laboratory of Division of Seed Science &Technology, IARI, New Delhi in bitter gourd cv. Pusa Hybrid-1 during summer season because under open field condition the seed yield and seed quality of bitter gourd drastically reduced due to viral diseases and fruit fly in kharif and early onset of high temperature, unseasonal rains during summer, which restricts the hybrid seed production of bitter gourd under north Indian condition. The observations on seed yield & quality characters and physical properties of seed were recorded. The quality attributes were evaluated immediately after harvest and after 8 months of ambient storage and their results were compared. The experimental results revealed that total number of seed per fruit (46.7), number of filled seed per fruit (45.3), seed yield per fruit (9.41g), seed yield per plant (27.28g), and seed yield per hectare (232kg) were significantly higher under IPN in comparison to OFC. Among the physical parameters of seed, seed width (0.81cm) & seed coat (0.79g) weight recorded significantly higher in IPN. The seed quality attributes immediately after harvest was also significantly superior under IPN compared to OFC except for germination %. The hybrid seed produced under IPN conditions could maintain their superiority for quality traits even after 8 monthsof its ambient storage. The seed yield and seed quality attributes were comparatively superior under IPN conditions. The seed crop grown under IPN overcomes the threat of insect vectors, viral diseases and unfavourable climatic conditions and helps in attaining the better seed yield and quality.
Effect of processing on physico-chemical and functional properties of flours from cluster or guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) varieties
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Kaur Amarjeet , Alam M. S.
Published: January 2019

Guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) offers a potential source of vegetable protein and fibre, however, its utilization in food is yet to be explored. Along with the nutritional value, its effect on other properties of food is inevitable. Thus, the present study was carried to study the physicochemical and functional properties (water absorption index, water solubility index, foaming capacity, foaming stability, oil absoption capacity and gelling strength) of flours from different varieties of guar bean ( i.e. G 80, Ageta 112 and HG 365) and related to each other using Pearson correlation. Significant variations were observed in the chemical composition of flour from varieties of guar bean on processing. Germination of seeds increased the protein significantly and highest levels of increased protein content were observed in G 80 (+21.6%). Dehusking significantly increased (upto 5.9%) and extrusion processing reduced (upto 23.6%) the L* value significantly in flours from guar bean varieties. Germination increased while extrusion processing reduced the WAI and WSI. Dehusking, autoclaving and germination were observed to increase the foaming capacity significantly; however, extrusion processing markedly reduced the foaming properties of guar flours. Extrusion processing immensely affected the gelling properties of flour from guar bean varieties and lead to loss of gel formation properties. Pearson’s correlation determined a significant correlation between processing treatments and functional properties.
Identification of insect community inhabiting Kaas plateau, Western ghats through cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene
Authors: Ojha Rakshit , Jalali S. K. , Shivalingaswamy T. M. , Venkatesan T. , Poorani J. , Galande S. M.
Published: January 2019

Kaas Plateau is located in Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India. The region is one of its kinds being a biodiversity hot spot declared by UNESCO representing rich biodiversity of Western Ghats in India. However, insect biodiversity of this region has not been studied in detail so far. Thus, the present study was aimed at identification of insect community based on mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (MT-CO1), for quick and reliable identification. During a collection trip, several insect specimens were collected, which belonged to seven insect orders, viz., Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera and Thysanoptera. Based on their morphological characteristics, specimens collected were delineated in to various orders and families. This resulted in determination of possible 15 different insect species, of which 7 could be identified up to species level. Remaining 8 sequences were matched with existing GenBank database that was > 96%, therefore, were considered as putative species. One specimen could be identified up to genus level, viz., Cicindela sp. and one up to family level - Pentatomidae and six up to order level only, i.e., Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera and Thysanoptera (2 specimens). The results suggested that 50% of the community could be identified to species level with MT-CO1 gene and at least about 8 specimens could possibly be new species for India. The insects thus collected from Kaas plateau were molecularly identified and at least 50% of collections were delineated to species level on the basis of their DNA barcodes for the first time.
A study on geospatial technology for detecting and mapping of Solenopsis mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in cotton crop
Authors: Singh S. K. , Dutta Sujay , Dharaiya Nishith
Published: January 2019

Detection of crop stress is one of the major applications of remote sensing in agriculture. Many researchers have confirmed the ability of remote sensing techniques for detection of pest/disease on cotton. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relation between the mealybug severity and remote sensing indices and development of a model for mapping of mealybug damage using remote sensing indices. The mealybug-infested cotton crop had a significantly lower reflectance (33%) in the near infrared region and higher (14%) in the visible range of the spectrum when compared with the non-infested cotton crop having near infrared and visible region reflectance of 48 % and 9% respectively. Multiple Linear regression analysis showed that there were varying relationships between mealybug severity and spectral vegetation indices, with coefficients of determination (r2) ranging from 0.63 to0.31. Model developed in this study for the mealybug damage assessment in cotton crop yielded significant relationship (r2=0.863) and was applied on satellite data of 21st September 2009 which revealed high severity of mealybug and it was low on 24th September 2010 which confirmed the significance of the model and can be used in the identification of mealybug infested cotton zones. These results indicate that remote sensing data have the potential to distinguish damage by mealybug and quantify its abundance in cotton.
Evaluation of phytochemicals and antibacterial activity of leaf and leaf derived callus extracts of Artemisia annua L. and Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.
Authors: Govindaraju Manasa , Chikkamadaiah Mahendra , Mahadevamurthy Murali , Mylari Mahesh Holenarsipura , Singh Sudarshana Mysore Shankar
Published: January 2019

The present study focuses on the use of salicylic acid as a plant growth hormone for the induction of callus in Sauropus androgynus and Artemisia annua plants. Higher induction of callus of 72% in S. androgynus (NAA+BAP+SA at +2.5+2.5 mg/ l concentration) and 64% in A. annua (NAA+Kn+SA at 1.0+2.5+2.5 mg/ l concentration) were observed when compared to 52% and 51%, respectively in individual supplementation of plant growth regulators. The phytochemical analysis also revealed the presence of maximum phytochemicals in callus extract compared to leaf extracts of S. androgynus and A. annua there by corroborating with the results of callus induction. The methanol extracts of both callus and leaf extracts of S. androgynus and A. annua exhibited antibacterial activity against all the test pathogens viz., S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. typhi and E. coli. A maximum inhibition zone of 20 mm was observed against S. typhi in methanol callus extract of S. androgynus followed by 18 mm inhibition zone against S. aureus with same extract. It was evident from the results both callus and leaf extracts of the selected plants possessed potential antibacterial activity against all the test pathogens with one or the other solvent extracts. The findings provide a new facelift for callus induction using salicylic acid in selected plants and also pave way for identification of novel compounds for drug development from S. androgynus and A. annua.
Effect of different planting geometry and herbicides for controlling the weeds in direct seeded rice
Authors: Joshi Neeshu , Singh V. Pratap , Dhyani V. C.
Published: January 2019

The efficacy of selected herbicides along with the planting geometry for weed control in direct seeded rice was evaluated under tropical conditions of Pantnagar during rainy season of 2013. Pendimethalin (1kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha-1 3 days after sowing) + bispyribac-Na (25g a.i. ha-1 28 days after sowing) + one hand weeding at 45 days after sowing and bispyribac-Na (25g a. i. ha-1 28 days after sowing) + one hand weeding at 45days after sowing had a mean grain yield of 47.95 and 37.68 while continuous drilling at 20cm and 20 x 10cm had a mean grain yield 34.72 and 34.14 qha-1 , respectively which is significantly superior than wider (25 x 25cm) spacing. Wider spacing (25 x 25cm) among planting geometry and weedy check among the weed control treatments resulted in higher uptake of nitrogen. Among the spacing, continuous drilling at 20cm and Pendimethalin (1kg a.i. ha-1) + bispyribac- Na (25g a.i. ha-1) + one hand weeding at 45 days after sowing among weed control practices proved most profitable with net returns of ` 40576 ha-1 and ` 40633 ha-1 and benefit:cost ratio of 1.7 and 1.8, respectively. It was revealed that all the weed control treatments were superior to weedy conditions.
Farmer led gross root level entrepreneurial initiatives for sustainable sugarcane production system in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Karpagam C. , Prathap D. Puthira , Moovendan P.
Published: January 2019

The major objective of the study was to explore the rural entrepreneurial initiatives and its socio- economic impact among the sugarcane farmers across Tamil Nadu. Exploratory surveys, Focused Group Discussions (FDGs) and case study methods have been adopted. A total of seven successful entrepreneurial activities initiated by cane farmers, across different districts of Tamil Nadu were selected, purposively. The study revealed that entrepreneurial initiatives accomplished the needs of farmers and these either were developed by farmers themselves or with collaboration of sugar factories. Among seven entrepreneurial initiatives; ‘two wheeler sprayer’, ‘tractor mounted sprayer’, ‘trichogramma production’ and ‘Agricultural Service Provider (ASP)’ were initiated by the sugar factories under the Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP) in participatory mode. The other initiatives viz., organic jaggery powder and trash based vermi-compost production were initiated by farmers themselves. Budchip settling production was practiced by individual farmers as well as promoted by factories in participatory mode. It is also found that all seven entrepreneurial initiatives are profitable and sustainable. Further, the study found that the production cost for 1 cc trichogramma is Rs. 16 and selling cost is Rs. 23/cc, thus farmer getting a net profit of Rs. 7/cc of Trico card. In case of budchip settling production, total cost incurred for production of one settling is around 60-85 paisa. Selling cost of one-month old settling is Rs. 1.25. Thus, a farmer gains a net profit of 40 paisa per settling.
In vitro evaluation of fungicides against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz and Sacc. causing anthracnose of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
Authors: Dev Devanshu , Narendrappa T.
Published: January 2019

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a widely grown fruit in many regions of the world. Anthracnose of pomegranate is one of the limiting factor for low productivity and also the low market price. Therefore, the management of anthracnose disease is necessary. In this study new fungicide molecules are evaluated under in vitro condition against the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In vitro screening of fungicides against C. gloeosporioides showed two combination product Hexaconazole + Zineb, Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole and a nonsystemic fungicide Captan showed cent percent inhibition at 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm concentration. Similarly, systemic fungicides Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Penconazole, Tebuconazole and Carbendazim showed cent percent mycelial inhibition at 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm concentrations.
Soil quality assessment in difference vegetation structures of Surajpur lake: An urban wetland of Upper Gangetic plain, Northern India
Authors: Ansari Nasim Ahmad , Ram Jeet
Published: January 2019

Surajpur Lake is the prominent wetland site in National Capital Region, India known for its rich avifaunal and other aquatic biodiversity. Present study was carried out to assess the soil quality in different vegetation structures in Surajpur wetland from March 2010 to February 2013. Soil Sampling was conducted in five different vegetation habitats in the study area by applying standard sampling protocols. A total of 9 Physical and 16 chemical parameters were selected for analysis. The overall means of physical parameters of soil sample includes soil moisture content 11.17 ± 3.03 %, bulk density 1.19 ± 0.01 gm/ml, porosity 35.00 ± 5.10 %, water holding capacity 35.00 ± 3.86 %, soil organic carbon 0.09 ± 0.05 %, electrical conductivity 276.42 ± 112.83 ds/m, pH value 9.98 ± 0.42 was recorded. The means of chemical parameters of soil sample includes total Kjeldahl nitrogen 286.76 ± 42.41 mg/kg, available phosphorus 338.50 ± 32.75 mg/kg, potassium 2.85 ± 0.39 mg/kg, calcium level 10.86 ± 6 73 mg/kg, magnesium 10.56 ± 4.43 mg/kg, iron 14.90 ± 1.99 mg/kg, manganese 289.13 ± 42.89 mg/kg, zinc 4.20 ± 0.45 mg/kg, chloride 223.73 ± 62.64 mg/kg, sulphate 150.21 ± 27.99 mg/kg and silica oxide 7.97 ± 1.45 mg/kg. Boron, Copper and Molybdenum nutrients recorded less than one mg/kg in the soil sample. The viable count of bacteria recorded an overall mean of 16,56,000.00 ± 11,06,157.31 cfu/g. The results indicated that the essential mineral nutrients are widely distributed in the soil and are pollution free and also no any organic waste is coming to the site. Soil is good enough to support rich biodiversity to form a complete food web in the Surajpur wetland ecosystem.
Mathematics Teachers’ Learning: Identifying Key Learning Opportunities Linked to Teachers’ Knowledge Growth
Authors: Copur-Gencturk Yasemin , Plowman Debra , Bai Haiyan
Published: January 2019

This study examines the role of several key features of professional development (PD) in bringing about changes in teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching. Artifacts (e.g., PD tasks, materials, and agendas) of the PD activities completed by 542 teachers in 21 different Mathematics and Science Partnership programs were coded based on the core features of PD identified in earlier literature. Multilevel analyses examined whether the programs’ focus on specific components of teacher knowledge (e.g., knowledge of mathematics teaching) and specific strategies for implementing the PD content (e.g., examining students’ work and solving mathematics problems) were related to gains in teachers’ mathematical knowledge. The results showed that a focus on curricular content knowledge and examining students’ work were significantly related to teachers’ learning. Implications for research and teacher education are discussed.
İslâm Dünyasında Hastaneler
Authors: ŞENEL Samet
Published: January 2019

Bu kitap tanıtımında Levent Öztürk’ün İslâm Dünyasında
Hastaneler adlı eseri incelenmiştir. Yazar bu eserde hastanelerin Emevîler
döneminde kurulduğu şeklindeki yaygın görüşün aksine Abbâsîler döneminde inşâ
edildiği fikrini ileri sürmektedir. Ayrıca o, bu yapıların Hristiyan hekimlerin
katkısıyla oluştuğunu düşünmektedir. Levent Öztürk, çalışmasında on ikinci
yüzyıla kadar İslâm dünyasında kurulmuş olan hastaneleri devletlerin ortaya
çıkışını esas alarak kronolojik bir şekilde incelemiştir.
Whiteness as a Barrier to Becoming a Culturally Relevant Teacher: Clinical Experiences and the Role of Supervision
Authors: Willey Craig J. , Magee Paula A.
Published: January 2019

Clinical experiences are crucial to the development of prospective teachers (PTs), especially the student teaching practicum. While the dynamics of schools are beginning to change in response to documented inequities for students, particularly students of color, the student teaching practicum remains largely unchanged and unchallenged with regard to addressing racism, oppression and white dominance. In this study, we explore PTs’ experiences and discourse in the context of student teaching in urban schools and the corresponding supervision of student teachers. Specifically, we examine the ways in which whiteness and racism obstruct the development of culturally relevant teachers. The data illuminate key insights into the ways in which PTs maneuver to avoid critical self-interrogation in relation to racism and inequities in schools. We conclude that clinical supervision experiences are opportunities to hide behind and/or challenge whiteness, and that the role of the supervisor is critical in facilitating the exposure to, and enactment of, culturally relevant pedagogy.
¿Se puede generar conocimiento mediante la gestión adaptativa para fundamentar un cambio de paradigma de la selvicultura?
Authors: Bravo-Oviedo F.
Published: January 2019

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Conflicto en las zonas de conservación de la microcuenca de Córrego Água Limpia (São Paulo - Brasil)
Authors: V.A. Rodrigues, , P.R. de A. Madruga, , F.A. Garcia, , M.E. Lucas-Borja,
Published: January 2019

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Huella de Carbono de Organización y Producto con Enfoque Híbrido: Mejoras en el Método Compuesto de las Cuentas Contables
Authors: S. Alvarez
Published: January 2019

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“Malumat-ı Baytarriyye” Adlı Eser Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Menteş Gürler Ayşe , Yiğit Ali , Sanal Şule
Published: January 2019

Osmanlı Devleti’nde Tanzimat ile başlayan yenileşme çabaları, basın ve
yayıncılık alanında da etkisini göstermiştir. Bu dönemde, batı dünyasındaki
bilgilerin halka ulaştırılması amacıyla sade bir dille ve didaktik tarzda yayın
yapıldığı görülmektedir. Kişisel girişimler sonucu ya da cemiyetler ile devlet
kurumlarınca ilk bilimsel ve mesleki dergilerin çıkarılması da ondokuzuncu
yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, “Asır Kütüphanesi
Külliyatı”ndan H. 1312 (M. 1895) yılında, yayımlanan “Malumat-ı Baytariyye” adlı 46 sayfalık kitap incelendi. Bu eserde
verilen bilgiler, dönemin ve günümüzün veteriner hekimliği bilgileri
çerçevesinde ele alınarak değerlendirildi. Yazarı Necmeddin Sami, kitabı yazma
amacının herkesin anlayabileceği bir şekilde “Hayvanları beslemek, sıhhatlerini muhafaza etmek, lazım gelen
terbiyeyi vermek, çoğaltmak gibi usulleri göstermekten ibaret” olduğunu
ifade etmektedir. Kitapta, hayvan besleme, hıfzıssıhha, ahır temizliği, hayvan
refahı konularında neler yapılması gerektiği ifade edilmiştir. Bu bilgilerin,
dönemin at yetiştiriciliği, sağlık koruma, halk sağlığı konularında bilgi
verdiği ileri sürülebilir.
Elazığ’da Satılan Şavak Tulum Peynirlerinin Mikrobiyolojik Kalitesi
Authors: Demir Pelin , Erkan Sümeyye , Öksüztepe Gülsüm
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışma, Elazığ’da
satılan Şavak tulum peynirlerinin bazı mikrobiyolojik kalite parametrelerini
incelemek için plandı. Bunun için çeşitli satış merkezlerinden toplanan Şavak
tulum peyniri adı altında satışa arz edilen ticari firmalara ait orijinal
ambalajlarında satılan 100 adet tulum peyniri örneği kullanıldı. İncelenen
tulum peyniri örneklerinde ortalama olarak toplam aerob mezofilik bakteri (TAM)
sayısı 6.85 ± 2.11 log10kob/g, koliform grubu bakteri sayısı 4.49 ± 0.12
log10kob/g, Staphylococcus-Micrococcus
sayısı 3.81 ± 0.23 log10kob/g, fekal streptokok sayısı 2.19 ± 0.56
log10kob/g, maya-küf sayısı 5.06 ± 1.34 log10kob/g, Lactobacillus-Leuconostoc-Pediococcus
sayısı 6.40 ± 2.34 log10kob/g, laktik streptokok sayısı 6.35 ± 2.45
log10kob/g, Staph. aureus
sayısı 1.42 ± 0.14 log10kob/g, E.
coli sayısı 1.10 ± 0.09 log10kob/g ve C. perfringens sayısı ise 1.03 ± 0.05 log10kob/g olarak
tespit edildi.  Elde edilen sonuçlar
değerlendirildiği zaman bakteri sayılarının (E.coli, Staph. aureus, C. perfringens)
halk sağlığı açısından riskli olabilecek seviyelerde oldukları görüldü. Bundan
dolayı bu ürünlerin yapımında kullanılan sütlerin uygun derecelerde ve uygun
sürelerde pastörize edilmesi gerektiği, yapımında starter kültür
kullanılmasının zorunlu olduğu ve HACCP sistemine uygun endüstriyel ortamlarda
yapılarak halk sağlığı bakımından sağlıklı, kaliteli ve raf ömrü uzun ürünler
elde edilmesinin gerekli olduğu sonucuna varıldı.
Evaluation of Slaughter Weights and Carcass Traits of Bulls Marketed in South Marmara Region of Turkey
Authors: Ardıclı Sena , Dıncel Deniz , Balcı Faruk
Published: January 2019

In this study, the slaughter weights and carcass traits of bulls which slaughtered in three abattoirs located in the South Marmara Region of Turkey were evaluated. For this aim, data from a total of 1002 bulls including 812 purebred Holstein-Friesian, 135 purebred Simmental, 29 Holstein crossbred and 26 Turkish Grey Steppe bulls were used. Additionaly, slaughter weights and carcass traits were compared between 693 Turkey-born Holstein bulls and 119 Holstein bulls imported from Hungary. Bulls were slaughtered according to standard commercial procedures. Hot and chilled carcass weights, dressing percentage and chilling loss were determined. The data were analysed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test. The effect of breed was statistically significant on all the traits analysed (P<0.001). The greater slaughter weights, hot and chilled carcass weights, dressing percentage and chilling loss were observed in Simmental bulls. Moreover, imported Holstein bulls had higher dressing percentage compared to Turkey-born Holstein bulls (P<0.001). The present results may be useful for meat industry and for evaluation of carcass traits in market of Turkey.
Ratlarda Gebeliğin Değişik Dönemlerinde Trofoblastların Özellikleri Üzerinde Histokimyasal ve İmmunohistokimyasal Çalışmalar
Authors: Harem İsmail Şah , Alabay Belma
Published: January 2019

Bu araştırmada, ratlarda
gebeliğin değişik dönemlerinde plasentada bulunan trofoblastlar ve plasentaya
ait diğer yapıların (desidua hücreleri, dev hücreler, glikojen hücreleri)
histokimyasal ve immunohistokimyasal olarak incelenmesi amaçlandı. Materyal
olarak gebeliğin değişik dönemlerinde bulunan, erişkin ve sağlıklı 20 adet rat
kullanıldı. Histokimyasal olarak yapılan incelemeler sonucunda, gebeliğin ilk
yarımında sitotrofoblastlar ve dev hücrelerinde kuvvetli PAS (+),
sinsisyotrofoblastlarda ise kuvvetli AB (+) reaksiyon gözlendi. Gebeliğin
ikinci yarımında görülen glikojen hücrelerinde mor renkli granüller halinde
PAS/AB (+) boyanma gözlenirken, küçük bazofilik hücreler gittikçe artan
miktarda AB (+) reaksiyon gösterdiler. Gebeliğin ilerleyen dönemlerinde
vakuollü yapı gösteren desidua hücrelerinde de artan miktarda PAS (+) reaksiyon
saptandı. İmmunohistokimyasal incelemelerde, trofoblast ve dev hücrelerinde
implantasyonun olmasından gebeliğin sonuna kadar, hormonal aktivite oldukça
fazla görüldü. Östrogen ve progesteron hormonlarına ait reseptörler hücrelerin
sitoplazma ve çekirdeklerinde yoğun olarak bulunuyordu. Gebeliğin sonuna doğru
progesteron reseptörlerinde azalmanın olduğu, fakat gebeliğin her döneminde iki
hormona ait reseptörlerde, reaksiyon şiddetinin fazla olduğu dikkati çekti.
Farklı Çözdürme Yöntemlerinin Lahmacunun Mikrobiyolojik Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Durmaz Hisamettin , Altun Serap Kiliç , Aydemir Mehmet Emin
Published: January 2019

Bu
çalışmada, dondurulmuş lahmacun örneklerinin mikrobiyolojik kalitesi üzerine
farklı çözdürme işlemlerinin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla çiğ dana kıyması
ile hazırlanan lahmacun harcı taş fırında 240-260°C’de pişirildikten
sonra -18°C’de 24 saat muhafaza edilmiştir. Çözdürme işlemi
mikrodalga fırın, konvansiyonel fırın, tava ve oda sıcaklığında yapıldıktan
sonra her bir çözdürme yönteminden örnekler alınmıştır. Toplam aerobik
mezofilik genel canlı bakteri sayımında Plate Count Agar, E.coli sayımında ise Chromocult TBX Agar kullanılmıştır. Çiğ, taze
pişmiş, mikrodalga fırında, konvansiyonel fırında, tavada ve oda sıcaklığında
çözdürülmüş örneklerde ortalama toplam aerobik mezofilik genel canlı bakteri
sayıları sırasıyla 5.38±0.87, 2.68±0.71, 2.16±0.71, 2.23±0.71, 2.79±0.71 ve 3.23±0.71
log kob/g düzeylerinde, ortalama E. coli
bakteri sayıları ise sırasıyla 4.90±0.87, 0.68±0.71, 0.68±0.71, 0.0, 0.68±0.71
ve 1.10±0.71 log kob/g düzeylerinde tespit edilmiştir. Lahmacun örneklerinin
çözdürülmesinde farklı yöntemler kullanılması mikrobiyolojik kalite açısından
istatistiksel olarak bir fark oluşturmadığı saptanmıştır. Gruplar arasında
farklılığının olmaması başlangıç mikroorganizma yükünün çok düşük seviyede olmasından
kaynaklanmış olabilir. Sonuç olarak, bulgularımız dondurulmuş lahmacun örneklerinin çözdürülmesinde mikrodalga fırın, geleneksel fırın, tava ve oda sıcaklığı gibi farklı yöntemlerin
mikrobiyolojik kalite açısından güvenle kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
Meyan (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) Bitkisinin Antibakteriyel ve Antioksidan Aktiviteleri
Authors: Durmaz Hisamettin , Hülül Mehmet , Celık Hakim
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmada, Hatay ilinde yetişen meyan (Glycyrrhiza
glabra L.) bitkisinden elde edilen ekstraktların
antibakteriyel ve antioksidan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Bitkinin antibakteriyel özellikleri, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu’ndan temin
edilen Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus
aureus Cowan I, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella Enteritidis ve Salmonella
Typhimurium suşları kullanılarak disk difüzyon yöntemi ile belirlendi.
Bitkinin oksidan ve antioksidan özelliklerini ölçmek için, tam otomatik
kolorimetrik yöntem kullanıldı. Bitkinin etanol ekstraktları yüksek, su
ekstraktları ise düşük derecede B. cereus’a karşı antibakteriyel özellik
göstermiş olup bu bitkinin etanol ekstraktlarının B. cereus’a karşı
antibakteriyel madde olarak kullanılabilir olduğu tespit edildi. Antioksidan
seviyesi açısından ise etanol ve su ekstraktları düşük bir değer göstermiştir.
Özellikle su ekstraktlarında oksidan madde seviyesi yüksek olduğundan sulu
ekstraktlarının şerbet olarak kullanılmasının sakıncalı olabileceği kanaatine
varılmıştır. 
Deneysel Diyabetik Ratlarda Ardıç (Juniperus communis L.) Yağının Nefropati Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Yaman Turan , Kömüroğlu Ahmet Ufuk
Published: January 2019

Hiperglisemi
aracılı oksidatif stres diyabetik nefropatinin (DN) patogenezinde önemli bir
rol oynar. Bu çalışmada, streptozotosin (STZ) ile indüklenmiş diyabetik
ratlarda ardıç (Juniper berry; JB) yağının renoprotektif etkisinin
araştırılması amaçlandı. Bu amaçla, 40 adet erkek Wistar albino rat rastgele seçilerek;
kontrol, diyabetes mellitus (DM), DM+akarboz, DM+ardıç yağı ve ardıç yağı olmak
üzere beş gruba ayrıldı. Deneysel diyabet, tek dozluk (55 mg/kg, periton içi
[i.p]) STZ enjeksiyonu ile oluşturuldu. DM+ardıç ve ardıç grubu ratların
yemlerine 50 ml/kg JB yağı katılarak verildi. 28 günlük deneme süresi sonunda
ratlar sakrifiye edilerek kan ve doku örnekleri alındı. Böbrek dokusunda
histopatolojik değişiklikler, immunohistokimyasal olarak caspase-3 (Kaspaz-3) ekspresyonu,
biyokimyasal olarak malondialdehit
(MDA)  ve glutasyon (GSH) konsantrasyonları ve
katalaz aktiviteleri çalışıldı. Serumda ise üre ve kreatinin düzeyleri incelendi. DM grubu
ratlarda, histopatolojik olarak tubulus epitel hücrelerinde dejenerasyon ve
nekroz, glomerular yapıda bozulma gözlemlenirken, immunohistokimyasal olarak
tubul epitel hücrelerinde caspase-3 immun reaktivitesi yüksek saptandı.
Biyokimyasal olarak DM grubu ratların böbrek dokusunda, MDA konsantrasyonu
kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksek ve GSH konsantrasyonu ve katalaz
aktivitesi anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu. Ayrıca DM grubunda serum üre ve kreatinin konsantrasyonları
kontrol grubundan anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. DM+ardıç grubu ratlarda ise,
ardıç tedavisi sonucu histopatolojik değişikliklerin düzeldiği, caspase-3 immun
reaktivitesinin azaldığı ve biyokimyasal parametrelerin iyileştiği tespit
edildi. Sonuç olarak, ardıç yağının denysel diyabetik ratlarda böbreği koruyucu
etkileri olduğu belirlendi.
Comparison of Oral Trichlophos and Intranasal Midazolam for Sedation in Minimally Invasive Paediatric Procedures (RAMT Study)
Authors: Sharma Manoj , Yenamandra Kamal K. , Kalita Jitu , Dash Shaswat , Singh Daljit
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Uncooperative child does not allow completion of procedures, denying valuable data required for clinicians.

Material and Methods: An open labelled parallel group prospective randomized control study was conducted at zonal hospital Jorhat. We evaluated 200 children randomized into two groups using computer based randomization. Participants aged 3 months to 5 years (n=200) were randomized to receive 50 mg/kg Triclofos sodium orally or intranasal spray of midazolam 0.2 mg/kg.

Results: Adequate sedation (Ramsay reactivity score of 3 and 4) was obtained in 86% children in midazolam group as compared to 80% in triclofos group with p value of 0.138. Mean duration for onset of sedation was 20 min ± 5.4 min in Trichlophos group and 12 min ± 4.5 min with Intranasal Midazolam which was statistically significant with p-value of <0.001. The mean duration of post procedural sedation was found to be 24.00 ± 9.21 min in midazolam group and 49.00 ± 16.99 min in triclofos group (p=<0.001) which was statistically significant. No significant difference was seen for side effects frequency between the two drugs (15% in Triclofos, 10% in Midazolam group; p=0.285).

Conclusion: We conclude that intranasal midazolam is more effective than oral trichlophos with a comparable safety profile.

CTRI Trial Number: /2017/08/009448.
Cystic Fibrosis with Severe Anaemia and Hypoproteinaemia
Authors: Siddique Md Abu Bakkar , Khan Kalimuddin , Bera Aparajita , Ghorai Sudipta , Mallik Jasmine , Sarkar Suman
Published: January 2019

The presentation of cystic fibrosis (CF) is dependent upon which organs are affected. Severe anaemia is reported to occur rarely in patients with CF. We are presenting a case of 2 months old infant admitted with anaemia, malnutrition, hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia, without any pulmonary symptoms at the initial presentation. Abnormal sweat chlorides and low faecal elastase level confirmed the diagnosis of CF. Respiratory symptoms and signs developed later on further follow up.
Cognitive Function in Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Putra Bayu Pratama , Triono Agung , Susilawati Dwi
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Epilepsy is a worldwide and common child health problem. One of its complications is cognitive impairment that will impact on children’s cognitive development and quality of life. The objective of this study is to find out whether epilepsy affects cognitive function in children.

Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using secondary data from medical records. We collected data from children with epilepsy from 2004 until 2014 that have been actively managed in the Growth and Development Clinic, Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Cognitive function referred to low IQ score that was gained from patients’ data. We analyzed the data using Fischer’s exact and two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test methods.

Results: Among 40 data samples, there were 19 patients (42.5%) with cognitive impairment (IQ < 70) and 21 patients (57.5%) without cognitive impairment (IQ ≥ 70). There were twenty-five patients examined by the Stanford-Binet IQ test, which found 15 patients with cognitive impairment. In fifteen patients who were examined with the WISC test, we found more children with epilepsy without cognitive impairment (11 patients). Comorbidity with neuro-developmental disorder significantly affected cognitive impairment in children with epilepsy (p value = 0.034, 95% CI 1.08-21.76).

Conclusions: More children with epilepsy without cognitive impairment were found. Further studies are needed with larger number of samples utilizing a prospective study design to better determine the association of epilepsy in children and cognitive impairment.
End of Paediatric Posting Assessment of Medical Interns at a Teaching hospital from Coastal Karnataka
Authors: Sahana K.S. , Qadiri Ghulam Jeelani , Saldanha Prakash R.M.
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Internship is very a critical period of a medical undergraduate education during which student evolves into a doctor. The objectives of this study were to assess the interns at the end of their paediatric postings.

Materials and Methods. Interns knowledge and skills were assessed at the end of their postings in the must know areas. Assessment was conducted by the trained faculty and interns were given the orientation about it. Method of assessment included OSCE, simulation based using standardized patients and computer-based model driven simulators. Feedback was given to the students immediately at the end of their exam

Results: Total 202 interns participated in the exam over the period of two years. New-borns assessment was done more frequently (22.7%) and interpretation of investigations was less frequently assessed (7.9%). Rest of other stations was assessed almost at the equal proportion. Highest score was observed in vaccines section (7.5) and lowest score was seen in procedures assessment (5.5).

Conclusion. Interns were found to be weaker in procedural, communication and clinical scenario judgement skills which will help us in planning future training of the Interns.
Comparison of the Single Breath Vital Capacity Technique with the Tidal Volume Technique
Authors: Singh Jeevan , Tandukar Alex , Kharbuja Kalpana
Published: January 2019

Introduction: The single breath vital capacity (VC) induction and the tidal volume (TV) breathing induction are currently administered for inhalation of anaesthesia with sevoflurane in children. The aim of this study was to determine whether the vital capacity technique achieves more rapid induction of anaesthesia in children compared to the conventional tidal volume technique.

Material and Methods: Sixty ASA physical status 1 or 2 children aged between 5 and 15 years, scheduled to undergo elective urological, orthopaedic or visceral surgery under general anaesthesia using inhalational induction with sevoflurane were recruited and randomized to receive either vital capacity induction or tidal volume induction with 8% sevoflurane at 6L/min of O2 followed by laryngeal mask airway insertion or endotracheal intubation with endotracheal tube. Time required for induction, hemodynamic changes, airway tolerance, side-effects, level of satisfaction using a visual analogue scale (0-100) and Smiley scale (0-10) were documented.

Results: Induction time was significantly shorter with the vital capacity induction technique than with the tidal volume breathing induction technique (43.8 ± 13.4 seconds vs 70.8 ± 16.4 seconds; P<0.01). The time to central myosis, haemodynamic changes and respiratory events incidences were similar in both the group. Fewer complications occurred with vital capacity group. More than 94% of the children choose the single Breath Vital Capacity method of induction to the tidal volume technique.

Conclusion: For inhalation induction of anaesthesia, the vital capacity induction was faster and produced less complication than that of tidal volume breathing technique.
Prevalence of Anaemia in Children Diagnosed with Pneumonia in a Tertiary Hospital in Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Garrido Salazar David Israel , Fuseau Michelle , Garrido Santiago Moises , Vivas Gina , Gutiérrez Miguel
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Anaemia and pneumonia are frequent diseases which affect children. However, these two conditions could coexist. The aim of this study is presenting the prevalence of anemia among Ecuadorian children diagnosed with pneumonia, hospitalized in a tertiary hospital.

Material and Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study conducted through a secondary source in that 80 children, between six months and 15 years of age were included. All the patients involved were admitted to the paediatric department presenting pneumonia. The medical evaluation included anthropometric measurements and complete blood count. Risk associations were evaluated using odds ratio.

Results: Anaemia was found in 21.25% of the whole group. Nonetheless, the children under three years of age were more affected by this condition (18.75%). Low mean corpuscular volume and high red cells distribution width were more frequent than anaemia itself; 38.75% and 28.75%, respectively. Additionally, the prevalence of anaemia in children under 36 months was higher than the patients with over three years, with a significant risk of anaemia in the first group (OR 13.04; CI 95% 11.48-14.61; p<0.05) and low haematocrit (OR 14.64; CI 95% 12.53-16.75; p<0.05). This was also seen in low mean corpuscular volume (OR 3.23; CI 95% 2.3-4.17; p<0.05), high red cells distribution width (OR 2.77; CI 95% 1.76-3.78; p<0.05), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (OR 8.48; CI 95% 7.14-9.82; p<0.01).

Conclusions: Anaemia is a frequent condition in paediatric pneumonia, particularly during the first three years of life. Therefore, anaemia or nutritional deficiencies could be a risk factor for respiratory diseases.
Necrotizing Pneumonia In Infant: Rare Complication of Community Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Adhikari Suman Bikram , Chaudhary Ramananda Prasad
Published: January 2019

Necrotizing pneumonia, rare complication of Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP), bear its own morbidity and mortality. Even though CABP generally respond well to the antibiotic treatment, but complications like empyema, necrotizing pneumonia with pneumatocoel formation (cavitary necrosis) supervene in mainly immune-compromised patient. Although cavitary necrosis is manifested as a severe disease, most children show complete recovery even without surgical treatment and have normal chest radiographs at long term. Some cases may required surgical intervention like tube thoracotomy or open thoracotomy. A case is presented of an infant that developed necrotizing pneumonia with pneumatocoel formation during treatment of bacterial pneumonia. Tube thoracotomy was performed due to conservative treatment failure.
Baseline serum leptin predicts peritoneal dialysis adequacy: a single-center prospective, longitudinal study
Authors: Stepanova N. , Burdeyna O. , Driianska V. , Ablogina O.
Published: January 2019

Hyperleptinemia is often observed in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. But, there are few studies on the relationship between blood leptin level and PD survival, and, some of them contradict each other. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of PD initiation on the serum leptin concentrations and its association with PD adequacy. Method. A total of 23 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), who started the treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), were included in this prospective single-center observational longitudinal study. Among the patients, there were 15 men and 8 women; the average age of the patient population was 52.4 ± 12.3 years. The treatment with CAPD was performed using Dianeal PD 4 with glucose concentration of 1.36% and 2.27%. The patients were screened before PD initiation and after 3- and 12- month PD treatment. Leptin levels were determined in all patients using ELISA-method. Results. The median serum leptin concentration at study entry was 10.6 [5.6-21.9] ng/mL. Leptin level and its dynamics during the year after PD treatment initiation were dependent on body mass index (BMI). The overweight or obese patients had ever-increasing leptin levels after 3- and  12- month PD treatment. Whereas in the PD patients with normal weight, we observed a significant decrease of leptin levels after 12-month PD treatment. Serum leptin concentration in the women was significantly higher compared with the men (46.4 [1.1-95] vs 9.8 [3.2-14.5] ng/mL; p = 0.02). Blood cholesterol levels had a positive correlation with serum leptin concentrations after 3- and 12- month PD treatment: r = 0.53, p = 0.01 and r = 0.56, p = 0.008, respectively. However, we did not find a statistically significant association of leptin with PD adequacy parameters after 3- and 12- month PD treatment of the patients.  In the Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for gender, serum leptin level demonstrated itself as the effective factor in PD adequacy survival: HR 5.3 (95% CI 1.7; 16.3). PD adequacy survival was better in the patients with leptin concentrations above the median (≥10.6 ng/mL) compared with the patients who had serum leptin levels below the median (log rank test, χ2 = 8.2; p = 0.0042). Conclusions. Our study have demonstrated markedly elevated serum leptin  level in the overweight PD patients and its strong decrease during 12 months in the patients with normal weight. Low serum leptin level before PD initiation is associated with inadequate PD.
The possibility of using citrulline as a new biochemical marker to evaluate the state of kidney under cardiovascular pathologies
Authors: Kuchmenko O. , Mkhytaryan L. , Ievstratova I. , Matova O. , Vasylchenko V.
Published: January 2019

The aim of our work was to study the level of citrulline in serum as a biochemical marker of the functional state of the kidneys in patients with cardiovascular pathologies.

Methods. The study included 134 patients aged 41-68 years, of which 40 patients with stage II arterial hypertension (AG-II) and 62 patients with chronic heart failure (AG in combination with chronic ischemic heart disease) in the IIa and IIb stages. The control group included 32 practically healthy persons of the corresponding age. Along with standard diagnostic methods, the content of citrulline in serum was determined. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 10.0 for Windows.

Results. There is a direct relationship between the increase in the content of citrulline and the severity of changes in the parameters of the functional state of the kidneys in patients with AG-II and CHF. At the same time, the fact that the content of citrulline in serum is much higher compared to the control values in patients with normal values of GFR, creatinine and microalbuminuria. As the increase in the content of citrulline directly correlates with the degree of deterioration of the functional state of the kidneys, and the kidneys are the only organ that regulates and controls the exchange of citrulline, the increase in its level in serum can be primarily associated with changes in kidney function in the examined patients.

Conclusions. The content of citrulline in serum can be used as an additional marker for the presence of functional renal impairment in patients with cardiovascular and other diseases of the internal organs, especially in the early stages of development, as well as to assess the efficacy and safety of the use of drugs. This indicator needs further study involving more patients with different pathologies of the cardiovascular system and simultaneous monitoring of the functional status of the kidneys by standardized methods.
Prevalence of Cystoisospora belli in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Sharkeya, Egypt
Authors: Gad Mahmoud A. , Al-Herrawy Ahmad Z.
Published: January 2019

Discharge of untreated or insufficient treated wastewater may result in water borne Cystoisospora belli outbreaks. Influent and effluent wastewater samples from two different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were collected monthly for the detection of Cystoisospora belli using centrifugal concentration and purification by zinc sulphate floatation, followed by molecular detection using real-time PCR. Results showed that the prevalence rates of Cystoisospora belli in influents and effluents of WWTPs were 14.5% and 6.2%, respectively. The removal rates of Cystoisospora belli oocysts in WWTP (A) utilizing activated sludge and WWTP (B) using trickling filter were 66.7% and 50%, respectively. There was no significant difference between removal of Cystoisospora belli in WWTP (A) and WWTP (B). The prevalence rates of Cystoisospora belli oocysts in raw and finally treated wastewater of WWTP (A) were 12.5% and 4.2%, respectively, while their prevalence rates in raw and treated wastewater of WWTP (B) were 16.7% and 8.3%, respectively. In conclusion, further studies are needed to clear the actual prevalence of Cystoisospora belli in the environment.
To the attention of the authors of the articles of the bulletin
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: January 2019

To the attention of the authors of the articles of the bulletin