bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UM RESGATE HISTÓRICO E FILOSÓFICO DOS ESTUDOS DE CHARLES DU FAY
Authors: Raicik Anabel Cardoso , Peduzzi Luiz O. Q.
Published: May 2015

Charles Du Fay, um filósofo natural do início do século XVIII, entregou-se a uma intensa busca por encontrar mecanismos que pudessem explicar certos fenômenos elétricos ainda não compreendidos na sua época. Realizando inúmeros experimentos em constante diálogo com as hipóteses desenvolvidas, ele enuncia dois princípios e "descobre" a repulsão como algo legítimo das interações elétricas. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo ressalta, além do percurso histórico desse estudioso, a relevância da análise do contexto da descoberta para que se possam compreender, com maior propriedade, a não neutralidade do estudioso, os erros que impulsionam aos acertos e os diferentes métodos de construção do conhecimento. Ademais, ressalta-se a importância de considerações históricas e filosóficas para o ensino que visa discutir, além de conceitos físicos, concepções relativas à Natureza da Ciência.
Parâmetros Indicativos para Qualidade da Água em Nascentes com Diferentes Coberturas de Terra e Conservação da Vegetação Ciliar
Authors: Marmontel Caio Vinicius Ferreira , Rodrigues Valdemir Antonio
Published: May 2015

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar e comparar a qualidade da água de quatro nascentes em diferentes coberturas de terra e conservação da vegetação no Córrego Pimenta. As coletas de água foram realizadas mensalmente durante um ano, avaliando dez parâmetros físico-químicos, sendo que os dados foram submetidos ao Teste de Tukey. A nascente um (N1) possui mata ciliar preservada; a nascente dois (N2) possui mata ciliar perturbada; a nascente três (N3) possui bambuzal e mata ciliar, e está degradada; a nascente quatro (N4) tem cobertura de pastagem e se encontra em degradação. As nascentes N1 e N2 tiveram os valores inferiores em temperatura, turbidez, cor, nitrato, nitrito e ferro, e valores próximos à neutralidade em pH. A N3 mostrou os valores inferiores para condutividade elétrica, TDS, salinidade e pH. As nascentes N1 e N2 indicaram que sete parâmetros foram melhores na qualidade da água, demonstrando que a mata ciliar auxilia em sua proteção qualitativa da água.
Os discursos do etnólogo, do filósofo e do ficcionista na estrutura do romance Nove noites
Authors: Bylaardt Cid Ottoni
Published: May 2015

Este artigo pretende colocar em diálogo dois textos: "A estrutura, o signo e o jogo no discurso das ciências humanas", de Jacques Derrida, pensador francês, e Nove noites, de Bernardo Carvalho, romancista contemporâneo brasileiro. O texto de Derrida parece conter as matrizes do pensamento desconstrucionista do filósofo e parte de uma aporia lançada por Claude Lévi-Strauss na dicotomia natureza-cultura para questionar o modelo centrado do pensamento ocidental. Esse escândalo, assim, está ligado à atividade do etnólogo e tem suas origens na etnografia. Este texto procura, então, refletir como a ficção se apodera do discurso das ciências humanas para questioná-la, num movimento semelhante ao pensamento de Derrida na interpelação permanente do desconstrucionismo ao discurso científico. A narrativa, que de início parecia conduzir para a resolução de um crime, à guisa de romance policial ou relato jornalístico, frustra as expectativas do leitor, terminando por diluir o que parecia ser a trajetória segura de uma estrutura montada em torno de um firme centro.
Análise de trilha em caracteres de frutos de jabuticabeira
Authors: Salla Vanessa Padilha , Danner Moeses Andrigo , Citadin Idemir , Sasso Simone Aparecida Zolet , Donazzolo Joel , Gil Bruna Valéria
Published: May 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os efeitos diretos e indiretos de caracteres dos frutos de jabuticabeira (Plinia cauliflora) sobre o rendimento de polpa e o teor de antocianinas na casca. Foram coletados frutos de 36 jabuticabeiras, em cinco locais de ocorrência, na região Sudoeste do Paraná. Diferentes estratégias de análise de trilha foram utilizadas na avaliação dos seguintes caracteres dos frutos: peso e diâmetro; rendimento de polpa; percentual de sementes e casca; teores de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável, antocianinas e flavonoides; e número de sementes por fruto. A estratégia de análise de trilha com regressão em crista teve melhor desempenho que a de análise com exclusão de caracteres, principalmente sob presença de multicolinearidade severa no conjunto de dados. O percentual de polpa e o teor de sólidos solúveis totais podem servir de critérios de seleção indireta no aumento do teor de antocianinas na casca da jabuticaba. O percentual de casca é a principal característica com efeito determinante no percentual de polpa de jabuticabas, e a seleção indireta para frutos com menor quantidade de casca pode ser eficaz para aumentar o rendimento de polpa.
Da gravidez de "risco" às "maternidades de risco". Biopolítica e regulações sanitárias nas experiências de mulheres de camadas populares de Recife
Authors: Robles Alfonsina Faya
Published: May 2015

A categoria epidemiológica do risco organiza atualmente, no Brasil, a gestão das gravidezes com o objetivo de atingir metas de saúde, como a redução das mortalidades infantil e materna. Tal categoria vem enquadrada em toda uma transformação no sistema de saúde, de passagem para uma nova etapa biomédica baseada na avaliação e na vigilância de riscos. Poucos trabalhos na área das ciências sociais tomaram o risco como objeto de estudo empírico a partir de uma perspectiva de análise crítica das mudanças que ele introduziu nas práticas sociais. Baseado num trabalho de pesquisa mais amplo, com metodologia etnográfica, o artigo propõe-se a examinar esta categoria na gestão das gravidezes nos serviços públicos de saúde e em mulheres de camadas populares na cidade de Recife. O artigo analisará as modalidades de regulação, cada vez mais individualizantes e sanitarizadas, ligadas à utilização da noção de risco pelos profissionais da saúde e às representações sociais estigmatizantes para as mulheres de camadas populares. Finalmente, o artigo relativiza a força disciplinadora dessa categoria biomédica para mostrar como ela é subjetivada, pelas mulheres, em uma experiência relacional da gravidez.
Impact of implementing an Internal Bed Regulation Committee on administrative and care indicators at a teaching hospital
Authors: Rodrigues Luciane Cristine Ribeiro , Juliani Carmen Maria Casquel Monti
Published: May 2015

Objective To compare hospital indicators before and after implementing an Internal Bed Regulation Committee at a reference hospital. Methods It is an quantitative, evaluation, exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional research. The data was gathered from the hospital administrative reports for the period 2008-2013, provided by the Information Technology Center of the Complexo FAMEMA. Results The indicators improved after implementation of the Internal Bed Regulation Committee. Conclusion The individuals involved in the process acknowledged the improvement. It is necessary to carry on the regulatory actions, especially in a comprehensive and complex healthcare system, such as the brazilian Sistema Único de Saúde.
Preventing smoking during pregnancy: the importance of maternal knowledge of the health hazards and of the treatment options available
Authors: Bertani André Luís , Garcia Thais , Tanni Suzana Erico , Godoy Irma
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE: To examine the pattern of tobacco use and knowledge about tobacco-related diseases, as well as to identify popular types of electronic media, in pregnant women, in order to improve strategies for the prevention or cessation of smoking among such women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 61 pregnant women, seen at primary care clinics and at a university hospital, in the city of Botucatu, Brazil. For all subjects, we applied the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. For subjects with a history of smoking, we also applied the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, and we evaluated the level of motivation to quit smoking among the current smokers. RESULTS: Of the 61 pregnant women evaluated, 25 (40.9%) were smokers (mean age, 26.4 ± 7.4 years), 24 (39.3%) were former smokers (26.4 ± 8.3 years), and 12 (19.8%) were never-smokers (25.1 ± 7.2 years). Thirty-nine women (63.9%) reported exposure to passive smoking. Of the 49 smokers/former smokers, 13 (26.5%) were aware of the pulmonary consequences of smoking; only 2 (4.1%) were aware of the cardiovascular risks; 23 (46.9%) believed that smoking does not harm the fetus or newborn infant; 21 (42.9%) drank alcohol during pregnancy; 18 (36.7%) reported increased cigarette consumption when drinking; 25 (51.0%) had smoked flavored cigarettes; and 12 (24.5%) had smoked a narghile. Among the 61 pregnant women evaluated, television was the most widely available and favorite form of electronic media (in 85.2%), as well as being the form most preferred (by 49.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Among pregnant women, active smoking, passive smoking, and alternative forms of tobacco consumption appear to be highly prevalent, and such women seem to possess little knowledge about the consequences of tobacco use. Educational programs that include information about the consequences of all forms of tobacco use, employing new and effective formats tailored to this particular population, should be developed, in order to promote smoking prevention and cessation among pregnant women. Further samples to explore regional and cultural adaptations should be evaluated.
Influence of extended drought on water quality in tropical reservoirs in a semiarid region
Authors: Braga Gustavo Girão , Becker Vanessa , Oliveira José Neuciano Pinheiro de , Mendonça Junior Jurandir Rodrigues de , Bezerra Anderson Felipe de Medeiros , Torres Laíssa Macêdo , Galvão Ângela Marília Freitas , Mattos Arthur
Published: May 2015

AimDrought periods often occur in Brazilian semiarid region and are supposed to induce water quality degradation by changes in physical, chemical and biological properties of freshwater ecosystems. Reservoirs in this region are used as drinking-water supplies and are exposed to wide volume fluctuations during drought periods due to lack of precipitation and high evaporation rates. This study aimed to identify patterns on water quality of two reservoirs during a long drought period. It was expected that more arid and shallower conditions would favor algal growth by enhancing nutrient availability, causing a decrease on water quality.MethodsThe study was based on monthly sampling over 20 months (May 2011 to December 2012) at two tropical reservoirs on Brazilian semiarid region. Precipitation and volume data were obtained from environmental agencies. Transparency was measured on field using a Secchi disk and conductivity, nutrients, suspended solids and chlorophyll-a were analyzed on laboratory. Temporal changes in all environmental variables were analyzed in each reservoir using two-way cluster analysis and also principal component analysis (PCA).ResultsThe volume of both reservoirs decreased considerably over the study because of low or shortage of precipitation. It was possible to detect two opposite patterns of chlorophyll-a in each reservoir throughout the drought season: in the first one phytoplankton growth was favored, while in the second one chlorophyll-a decreased by high inorganic turbidity. Both reservoirs tended to increase their turbidity and conductivity during the drought period due to shallow conditions, which probably contributed to sediment resuspension.ConclusionsWater level reduction during the extended drought period, contributed for water quality degradation due to high algal biomass and also high turbidity found during drought period. Local factors, as the nature of suspended solids, play an important role on predicting water quality.
Controle motor oral e funções orofaciais em indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial
Authors: Prado Daniela Galvão de Almeida , Sovinski Silmara Regina Pavani , Nary Filho Hugo , Brasolotto Alcione Ghedini , Berretin-Felix Giédre
Published: May 2015

Objetivo Verificar se há relação entre o controle motor oral e as funções orofaciais em indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial (DDF). Métodos Participaram 16 indivíduos entre 18 e 40 anos, média de 28,37 anos, sendo sete indivíduos padrão II (três mulheres e quatro homens) e nove, padrão III (cinco mulheres e quatro homens). Foi realizada avaliação da diadococinesia (DDC) das emissões /pa/, /ta/, /ka/ e /pataka/. As funções de mastigação, deglutição e fala foram analisadas por consenso entre três fonoaudiólogas especialistas na área, a partir da filmagem, utilizando o protocolo MBGR. A correlação entre os resultados da DDC e das funções orofaciais foi obtida por meio do teste de Spearman. Resultados Foi observada correlação positiva entre os parâmetros de instabilidade da DDC na emissão do “pa” e “ka” e a função de mastigação. Houve correlação positiva entre deglutição e DDC para a emissão do “pa” no que se refere à instabilidade das emissões e, quanto à velocidade, houve correlação negativa para a média da taxa da DDC e correlação positiva para a média do período da DDC na emissão do “pa”. Quanto à fala, houve correlação negativa para a emissão do “pa”, para parâmetro de instabilidade. Conclusão O controle motor oral mostrou-se relacionado à gravidade da alteração das funções de mastigação e deglutição, no que se refere aos parâmetros instabilidade e velocidade da DDC.
Encounters of discrete urban practices
Authors: Baroud Dina Nashar
Published: May 2015

In an attempt to understand the reality of urban life, this work tries to examine how the distinct, discrete urban entities interact and interrelate. It argues that if the city, at the end of the twentieth century and beginning of the twenty-first century, is interpreted as fragments or regions that try to coexist, then these distinct units are not set in final solid forms. Rather, these tend to dismantle and alternate, at least momentarily. Encounters of the practices and rituals of daily life illustrate an instance of such interactions. As an example, in the Arab/Islamic cities (with specific reference to the case of Tripoli, Lebanon), funeral processions are rituals that encounter randomly discrete individuals walking in the street under distinct spatio-temporal conditions. These encounters go through a process of ‘conjunction’ and ‘disjunction’, which alternates the individual's belongingness to his or her logic and system in order to operate within others' systems. The alternation resets the individual's sensory and mental perception of their context, which reorders their framing within the fragment or region they are set in.
The Diffusion of Labour Standards: The Case of the US and Guatemala
Authors: Van Roozendaal Gerda
Published: May 2015

The number of free trade agreements (FTAs) concluded by the United States of America (US) has grown vastly over the past two decades. While FTAs contribute to increased global competition and as such may also contribute to socially-undesirable practices in the area of working conditions and the environment, the proliferation in FTAs has paradoxically also augmented the potential for making free trade more fair as some of these agreements now include labour provisions. However, the question is whether these trade agreements have also actually diffused internationally recognised labour standards. This article studies the FTA the US signed in 2004 with a number of Central American countries and which, at a later stage, also included the Dominican Republic. This FTA is commonly referred to as CAFTA-DR and includes a chapter on labour standards. The article argues that the effects of the inclusion of labour standards in CAFTA-DR have been limited and therefore should be viewed as an unsuccessful attempt at policy transfer. This is illustrated by the case of Guatemala, a country known for its lack of respect for labour standards and which is currently the subject of a complaints procedure under the CAFTA-DR. It is maintained that this lack of effectiveness is the result of many factors. Among these is the weakness of the labour chapter of CAFTA-DR resulting from the fact that the chapter is the outcome of bargaining processes both within the US and between the US and Guatemala, where symbolic results were valued more highly than actual substance.
Restoration of active forearm flexion in children with arthrogryposis:results of transfer of long head of triceps
Authors: Trofimova Svetlana Ivanovna , Agranovich Olga Evgenievna
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze resultsof the long head of triceps transfer for active elbowflexion restoration in children with arthrogryposis. Materials and Methods. 29 patients with lack of active elbow flexion aged from 10 months to 15 years were examined and treated in Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children’s Orthopedics from2008 to 2014. The relation between potential donormuscle condition and the level of segmental spinalcord lesions was determined on the basis of clinical,neurological, physiological and ultrasound examina-tions. 35 transpositions of long head of the triceps in29 children were performed (17 - with mobilizationand 18 - without mobilization of the elbow). Results and Conclusion. Analysis of long-termresults of long head of triceps transposition as a ped-icle flap in patients with arthrogryposis has shown theeffectiveness of restoration of active forearm flexion.Good results were noted in 35 %, satisfactory in 35 %and pure in 30 % of cases in the series.
Possibilities of applying the method of radiofrequency (RF)thermal destruction to correct spasticity in childrenwith cerebral palsy
Authors: Zvozil Alexey Vasilievich , Umnov Valery Vladimirovich , Novikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Umnov Dmitry Valerievi
Published: May 2015

For the treatment of focal spasticity in the TurnerInstitute we developed and applied the approach toreduce spasticity in children with cerebral palsy byapplying the method of radiofrequency thermal de-struction of peripheral nerves and muscle motorpoints. This method is based on the effect of heatrelease during the passage through biological tissueof radiofrequency currents. The procedure was totally performed in 112 patients aged 1,2 to 14 yearsold with a level of spasticity over 3 points on a scaleAshworth. In order to reduce hypertonia of femuradductors, the target for RF ablation was obturatornerve; we targeted on the motor point of the gastrocnemius muscle in equinus, to reduce forearm flexorhypertonia we targeted on the musculo-cutaneousnerve, flexor muscles of the hand we intervened on their motor points. A positive result was maintained at follow-up of 6 months to one year in all patients, maximum - 2 years. The obtained results are preliminary and subject to further statistical processing, but they are quite comparable with the results of the use of type A botulinum toxin preparations. The proposed method of treatment is minimally invasive, virtually devoid of the risk of postoperative complications, can cut one stage spasticity in the muscles of various motor segments in children with cerebral palsy of great age range, including children up to 2 years old.
On the occurrence of pterosauria in Exu, Pernambuco (lower cretaceous Romualdo Formation, Araripe Basin), Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Aureliano Tito , Ghilardi Aline M. , Duque Rudah R. C. , Barreto Alcina M. F.
Published: May 2015

Este trabalho descreve um osso isolado de pterossauro da Formação Romualdo (Aptiano / Albiano) coletado em um novo sitío fossilífero na porção sudeste da Bacia do Araripe. O espécime (DGEO-CTG-UFPE 7516) consiste em uma ulna preservada em três dimensões que apresenta semelhanças morfológicas com os Pteranodontoidea e é tentativamente referido a Anhangueridae por causa da presença de uma crista ventral bem desenvolvida na extremidade distal. As características histológicas sugerem que era um indivíduo ontogeneticamente desenvolvido e os intervalos estimados da envergadura variam entre 4,4 m para 4,6 m. Este é o primeiro registro desse grupo para o município Exu, ampliando os horizontes da ocorrência de pterossauros para novas localidades na Bacia do Araripe.
Stocking Rate and Nitrogen Fertilization Affect Root Decomposition of Elephantgrass
Authors: Siqueira da Silva Hiran Marcelo , Batista Dubeux José Carlos , Silveira Maria Lúcia , Viana de Freitas Erinaldo , Ferreira dos Santos Mércia Virginia , de Andrade Lira Mário
Published: May 2015

Roots are an important component controlling grassland sustainability. They can act as a C sink of atmospheric CO2 and supply essential nutrients for plant growth. Pasture management strategies intended to increase forage and animal production can also affect root biomass, root composition, and root decomposition. This 2‐yr study evaluated the effects of N fertilization and stocking rate (SR) on root decomposition and root chemical composition of grazed elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. ‘381’) pastures. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of three SR (2.0, 3.9, and 5.8 animal unit [AU] ha−1, 1 AU = 450 kg body weight) and three N levels (0, 150, and 300 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Greater turnover rates were observed in Year 2 (k = 0.00215 g g−1 d−1) than Year 1 (k = 0.00178 g g−1 d−1). Increasing SR increased root decomposition linearly (P = 0.05) at 0 kg N ha−1; nevertheless, when N was applied at 300 kg N ha−1, root decomposition decreased (P = 0.003). Nitrogen fertilization reduced root C to N ratio and increased root N and root acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) concentrations in Year 1, but no effects were observed in Year 2. Root N disappearance followed a negative single exponential model and increased with increasing levels of N fertilization. Pasture management practices such as fertilization and grazing management can alter the root quality and turnover; thus, development of strategies to manage belowground decomposition is a key to long‐term grassland sustainability.
Specificity of treatment is mandatory in very old patients with hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Marisavljevic Dragomir , Markovic Olivera , Zivkovic Radmila
Published: May 2015

Introduction. There are only a few available data about hairy cell leukemia
(HCL) in very old patients. We presented three very different cases of HCL in
very old patients diagnosed in a single center and discussed some
epidemiological and therapeutical issues in such patients. Case report. The
first patient, 89-year-old, had symptomatic cytopenia and achieved sustained
complete remission after cladribine treatment. The second patient,
89-year-old, had asymptomatic disease with stable full blood counts during a
3-year follow-up period in which watch-and-wait policy was adopted. The third
patient, 82 years old, had two malignancies (HCL and presumably metastatic
colorectal carcinoma) and his only treatment were occasional red blood cell
transfusions and symptomatic therapy. Conclusion. The presented illustrative
examples confirm individualization of treatment is mandatory in very old
patients with HCL.
Variations in the Isotopic Composition of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in the Unsaturated Zone of a Semi-Arid Region
Authors: Carmi I , Yakir D , Yechieli Y , Kronfield J , Stiller M
Published: May 2015

A study of water and carbon isotopes was conducted in a bare plot in the unsaturated zone of the Yatir Forest in the northern Negev of Israel. Sediment cores were collected in three different seasons. Measurements include profiles of mineralogy, moisture and its δ18O and tritium content, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and its δ13C (‰) and Δ14C (‰) content, and δ13C (‰) and Δ14C (‰) in the solid sediment. The profiles of moisture and δ18O in the cores show clearly the effect of evaporation. The tritium profile indicates infiltration of water (0.11 m yr−1). The source of carbon in the DIC is CO2 released by biotic activity through roots of trees and of seasonal plants, which show seasonal variations, and by decay of organic debris. The δ13C (‰) profiles show clearly the chemical transition from dissolved CO2 (δ13C = −22‰) to bicarbonate (δ13C = −14‰). At greater depth (–11.3‰), the δ13C becomes similar to the δ13C in the aquifer below (–12.5‰). The effect of secondary processes is evident in the profile of Δ14C in the DIC. It shows a clear decrease with depth due to exchange with the sediment at a rate of 10‰ yr−1. Precipitation of carbon from the DIC on the sediment is 1.1 mg C Lsed−1 yr−1, negligible compared to the 28 g C in 1 Lsed. In the solid sediment, there is a gradient in Δ14Ccarb at the top meter. The net precipitation of 14C from the DIC on the sediment (0.25 to 1.1‰ yr−1), corrected for decay, cannot be observed in the deeper sediment. The presence of 14C in the top 1 m of the sediment is explained by two possible processes: accumulation of 14C-tagged dust (∼0.05 mm yr−1) and/or long-term cumulative precipitation from the DIC.
Temporal and Spatial Variations of Atmospheric Radiocarbon in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area
Authors: Beramendi-Orosco Laura , Gonzalez-Hernandez Galia , Martinez-Jurado Adriana , Martinez-Reyes Angeles , Garcia-Samano Alfonso , Villanueva-Diaz Jose , Javier Santos-Arevalo Francisco , Gomez-Martinez Isabel , Amador-Muñoz Omar
Published: May 2015

The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) produces a complex mixture of gases and aerosols from diverse sources, including burning of fossil fuels, biomass, and wastes, with a significant biogenic contribution. We present the first results of ongoing projects to study temporal and spatial variations of14CO2in the area. Temporal variations reconstructed from tree rings ofTaxodium mucronatumindicate a considerable radiocarbon depletion, in accordance to the vast amount of fossil fuels burnt inside Mexico Valley, with values between 62 and 246‰ lower than background values for the 1962–1968 period, and lower by 51–88‰ for the 1983–2010 period. The lower dilution found for the last decades might indicate an increase in enriched14CO2sources. Results from the spatial distribution, as revealed from integrated CO2samples and grasses from six points within the MCMA collected during the 2013 dry season, show variations between sites and sample types. For integrated CO2samples, values range from 35.6‰ to 54.0‰, and for grasses between −86.8‰ and 40.7‰. For three of the sampling points, the grasses are significantly depleted, by up to ∼133‰, as compared to the corresponding integrated CO2sample. This may result from differences in the carbon assimilation period and exposure to different CO2sources. Higher-than-background Δ14C values were found for all integrated CO2samples, presumably resulting from14C-enriched CO2derived from forest fires in the mountains during the sampling period. Results obtained so far confirm the complexity of the14C cycle in the MCMA.
Xps Study Of Aisi 316L Ss Surfaces After Mechanical And Electrochemical Polishing and Chelating/Electro-Chelating Treatments
Authors: Rokosz K. , Hryniewicz T.
Published: May 2015

In the paper, there are presented the analyses of iron Fe2p3/2 and chromium Cr2p3/2 and oxide O1s XPS spectra of surfaces obtained after abrasive and electrochemical polishing with additional treatment as chemical chelating in the solution containing of 10% Citric Acid and 2% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid. There was also performed electro-chelating after mechanical polishing in the electrolyte for chemical chelating. The maximum values of chromium compounds to iron compounds ratio were obtained after electropolishing with and without stirring with chemical chelating in Citric Acid and EDTA and they were in rage from 3.5 to 3.6. The minimum value was obtained for the steel surface after abrasive polishing and electro-chelating and was equal 1.3. After electrochemical polishing and chemical passivation in the surface layer there were detected FeO and Cr(OH)3 as dominated compounds. After abrasive polishing and electro-chelating there were mostly Fe2O3 and Cr2O3.
Rationalisation of Austenite Transformation to Upper or Lower Bainite in Steels
Authors: Ławrynowicz Z.
Published: May 2015

The paper presents an analytical evaluation of transition temperature from upper to lower bainite in Fe-C-Cr steel. The calculations was based on the model constructed by Matas and Hehemann which involves a comparison between the times needed to precipitate cementite within the bainitic ferrite plates (tθ), with the time required to decarburise supersaturated ferrite plates (td). The transition between upper and lower bainite is found to occur over a narrow range of temperatures (350-410°C) and depends on the thickness of bainitic ferrite laths and the volume fraction of precipitated cementite. On comparing the td and tθ times it was found that the transition temperature from upper to lower bainite reaction (LS) of about 350oC could be predicted if the thickness of bainitic ferrite laths is set as wo = 0.1 μm and volume fraction of cementite is set as ξ = 0.01
Biomaterials and Implants in Cardiac and Vascular Surgery - Review
Authors: Stanisławska A.
Published: May 2015

Currently, on prosthesis in cardiac blood vessels and heart valves are used materials of animal or synthetic origin. For animal materials include, among others pericardial sac in which is the heart. Materials such as this (natural) are characterized by a remarkable biocompatibility within the human body, but their main disadvantage is the relatively low durability. In turn, synthetic materials, which include the austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum steels, alloys with a shape memory (nickel-titanium), or polymeric materials, such as lactic acid, are characterized by high stability in an environment of bodily fluids, wherein the insufficiently high biocompatibility with the organism human requires from patients using after implantation, anticoagulants which prevent anti-platelet deposition on the surface of the prosthesis. The present work is a review of biomaterials using in implantology and implants using in cardiac and vascular surgery.
Nanoindentation Studies of TNZ and Ti2448 Biomaterials After Magnetoelectropolishing
Authors: Hryniewicz T. , Rokosz K. , Rokicki R. , Prima F.
Published: May 2015

This work presents the nanoindentation results of two newly developed titanium alloy biomaterials, TNZ and Ti2448, after different surface treatments. The investigations were performed on the samples, AR – as received, MP – after abrasive polishing, EP – after a standard electropolshing, and MEP – after magnetoelectropolishing. The electropolishing processes, both EP and MEP, were conducted in the same proprietary electrolyte based on concentrated sulfuric acid. The mechanical properties of the titanium alloys biomaterials demonstrated an evident dependence on the surface treatment method, with MEP samples revealing extremely different behaviour and mechanical properties. Such a different mechanical behaviour may mean completely different composition and thickness of the surface film formed on the studied samples after MEP
Electrochemical Characterization of Gelatine Derived Ceramics
Authors: Nowak A.P. , Trzciński K. , Lisowska-Oleksiak A.
Published: May 2015

New materials obtained by pyrolysis of gelatine (G) and poly(1,2-dimethylsilazane) (PSN) (weight ratio: G/PSN 70/30) at temperatures 700 and 900 °C were characterized by SEM and Raman spectroscopy. The presence of ceramics influences on the cluster size of the materials. Electrochemical tests were performed by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cyclic polarization. The capacity of G/PSN was 464 and 527 mAh/g for materials pyrolysed at 700 and 900 °C. The capacity fading was 1 % after 17th cycle for G/PSN at 900 °C. This value is higher of 185 mAh/g in comparison to capacity of gelatine pyrolysed at the same conditions.
Analysis of governance systems applied in multifunctional forest management in selected European mountain regions / Analýza systémov governancie využívaných pri multifunkčnom manažmente lesov vo vybraných európskych horských oblastiach
Authors: Sarvašová Zuzana , Cienciala Emil , Beranová Jana , Vančo Michal , Ficko Andrej , Pardos Marta
Published: May 2015

The objective of this study is to map and analyse governance systems relevant for the implementation of multifunctional mountain forest management in selected European countries. This paper is based on the FP7 research project Advanced multifunctional forest management in European mountain ranges (ARANGE). Current governance systems relevant for the implementation of multifunctional forest management are analysed in seven case study areas: the Iberian Mountains (Spain), Western Alps (France), Eastern Alps (Austria), Dinaric Mountains (Slovenia), Scandinavian Mountains (Sweden), Western Carpathians (Slovakia) and Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). Qualitative social research methods were applied for data collection. Semi-structured questionnaire was focused on the following elements of governance: participation and stakeholders interactions and inter-sectorial coordination. The results indicate that forest managers share a general perception of multifunctional forest management being focused on preserving or strengthening several forest functions and services including timber production. They believe that current governance systems basically support multifunctional management of mountain forests. The participatory and inter-sectoral processes are playing an important role in multifunctional forest management in selected European mountain regions.
Použiteľnosť elektronických pomôcok pre buzolové meranie v lesníckom mapovaní a výskume
Authors: Tomaštík Julián , Žilka Martin
Published: May 2015

The paper contains output of the research aimed on applicability of compass measurement using laser range-finder Impulse LR 200 and electronic compass LTI MapStar Compass Module in forestry mapping and research. The research was aimed on the impact of measurement methods and also methods of computation on the final precision of the position evaluation. Because the combination of instruments, with the Field-Map software, is also used in forestry research (forest inventory, research of natural forests), the paper shows also the methods of evaluation referring to this field of use of compass measurement. In dependence to measurement and evaluation methods there is a quite wide interval of mean position error mxy values (0.15 - 0.60 m). In general it can be stated, that compass measurement in areas without negative effects on the natural magnetism is applicable method for the under-canopy forestry mapping and research. The best of output values have shown the theoretical possibility of use in forest area cadastral mapping (4th accuracy class), especially in combination with other measurement methods
Monitoring lesných ekosystémov na území Európy a Slovenska
Authors: Krupová Danica , Pavlenda Pavel
Published: May 2015

This review paper summarises the development of forest monitoring in Europe and in Slovakia. Since 1986 Forest Research Institute has been performing monitoring activities at the systematic grid of 16×16 km on permanent monitoring plots of Level I (extensive monitoring) and since 1995 on 9 plots of II. Level (intensive monitoring), which is closely connected with programme ICP Forests and PMS Forests. However, during 1991-1992 monitoring on 1189 plots in the grid of 4×4 km in Slovakia was done by Lesoprojekt Zvolen, which was repeated during the last 10 years as a part of LHP (every year 1/10 territory). This paper describes briefly also surveys and monitoring activities of different monitoring systems, parameters, methods and the perspectives of monitoring of the forest condition
IDEAS in AGORA: Decision-Making Risk: The Difference Between Risk And Uncertainity In Economic Activities
Authors: Vasilcovschi Nicoleta , Munteanu Gabriela
Published: May 2015

Economic activities are always supposed to carry with them the risk of market. Our area of research is concerned with what is known as the model of risk decisions at the level of economic activity; a model that can be valuable at any point of economic development. In our research, we present important aspects of risk in taking decisions in the previous and current dynamics of the market. The conditions of taking decisions with potential risks provide decision-makers with the possibility to analyze and calculate risk in order to know what can be gained and lost. In our paper, we present a short description of a different model of risk in economic activity and of decision-making risk, providing examples that have been offered by various authors. For example, Friedman and Savage present the utility function of an economic agent and its availability to accept the risk, while Markowitz defines utility in terms of winning or losing. Our paper starts with a presentation of the quantification of risk in economic activity. In the second part, we present a model of decision-making risk that is applied in economic activities and the difference between risk and uncertainty.
A Brief Analysis of Underground Markets in Eastern Europe
Authors: Maftei Loredana
Published: May 2015

In the last decade, the financial underground markets evolved in a surprisingly way, around the world. Eastern Europe is a significant region, where illegal activities associated with the shadow economy became a real problem that affects the governments stability, the economical, political and social status. Due to the influence of old regimes and the current tolerance of the Eastern European nations, this underground corridors emphasize the risk of interfering with the financing platforms of international terrorism or organized crime
Simonian Writing According to Mireille Calle-Gruber
Authors: Yilancioglu S. Seza
Published: May 2015

Mireille Calle-Gruber is not only a university professor and a writer, but also a leading scholar and critic of French literature and contemporary Francophone literature. Her works on Michel Butor, Claude Simon, Assia Djebar, Derrida and other contemporary writers (as well as those dealing with the history of the twentieth century literature) fill gaps in the contemporary literary history of the twentieth century. Her books not only scrutinize and analyze the writing of Claude Simon; they also shed new light on the analysis of the novel and autobiography in contemporary literature, through the memory of experience and perception
ESEJ
Authors: Mikušiak Marek
Published: May 2015

The aim of this paper is to clarify some important features of a specific text genre called essay. There are discussed some strategies according to which we might successfully write and read the essays, instead of analysing a general concept of essay and traditional searching for the necessary and sufficient features. In this contribution the term of essay is divided into two categories named „academic essay” and „classic essay”. T he main part of this paper focuses on the classic essay that is explained by the triangle whose vertices are represented by „factuality”, „authenticity” and „literariness”. It is demonstrated that in this case we might criticise weakened coherence of the text, but just with the regard to the classic essay as a compromise between truth and elegance.
Individual and Property Rights from the Islamic Perspective
Authors: Bhat Ali Mohammad
Published: May 2015

The implicit requirements in the Islamic concept of human rights stem particularly from the right to life (individual rights), forced labour, the right to property, freedom of speech, etc. Human rights in early civilizations were composites of various philosophies that served a people’s social and cultural contexts. Both religious and secular conceptions of civilization determined the laws that dictated early human rights. In the wake of World War II, the United Nations General Assembly compiled and adopted a document called The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The day of its adoption, 10 December 1948, became known internationally as “Human Rights Day.” But the declaration could do little to actually prevent widespread violations of human rights throughout the world. Millions of people had inviolable rights as humans but died as the result of inhumane actions. Western civilizations and societies addressed the question of human rights but did so with great variation in application and entitlement. At present, with over 30 million human beings enslaved and the majority of them women and children, we cannot afford to ignore this issue. But an impoverished country is not the only culprit - nor is Asia, although the Pacific Rim is the most heavily enslaved areas on the globe. In America itself, trafficking is the third highest source of commercial profit, with more than 300,000 people enslaved today. And America partakes both in import and export of the slave network, with 14,000 people trafficked into the country each year. The history of human rights is a long examination of the question of what is “natural and right” about the human condition. Human rights, broadly speaking, should be unchallengeable and universal. This article deals with the need to highlight the value, importance of rights, and dignity of human beings from the Islamic perspective. The individual and property rights protected in Islam have no match at present either. Respect for human beings can be realized with the call “anyone who freed a slave will find his place in gardens of heaven.” Then companions of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) took up the challenge and did all they could for the liberty of slaves. The Pious Caliphs did every thing for the protection of human rights.
Postmodernism and Islam: Epistemological Challenges and Sociopolitical Perils
Authors: Bazzi Emad
Published: May 2015

Postmodernism is sometimes described as an intellectual position that is congenial to a sanctioning of a pluralistic epistemology and a tolerant and inclusive society. This outlook is supposed to extend to religious methodologies and communities of faith. This seems to be a superficial view, however, in that postmodernism’s questioning of modernity’s intellectual premises does not translate into a sympathetic outlook toward religion, Islam in particular, since postmodernism opposes foundational systems of thought and Islam qualifies as a worldview that bases its epistemology on foundations, which it considers objective and universal. Nor is the situation better in the sociopolitical field since postmodernism’s theoretical decentering of the West remains just that, while in reality the modernist project goes on unchecked, its hegemony exacerbated, and its consumerist lifestyle proliferating at an unprecedented rate with the onset of globalization. It is this last aspect that is more perilous to religious worldviews since it is ultimately the availability and allure of various lifestyles and tastes, of which Western culture has a dominant share, that ultimately threaten religious convictions, more so than the deconstruction of the theoretical premises of a particular system of faith.
On Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine: Contemporary Issues
Authors: Hussain Rawaa Mahmoud
Published: May 2015

Avicenna is one of the most prominent philosophers and one of the most famous doctors in history. His book The Canon of Medicine is considered one of the most important medical achievements and was an influential reference in the field of medical research for a long time. In this book Avicenna discusses the definition and scope of medicine, temperature, the humors, anatomy, the causes of diseases, etiology, the influence of seasonal changes on the body, dietetics, balneology, sphygmology, urinoscopy, alvine discharge, the preservation of health, etc. This article explores contemporary issues regarding Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine.
Influence of surface state of high alloyed creep resistant steels on their oxidation resistance
Authors: Bystrianský J. , Šefl V. , Sajdl P. , Fojt J. , Bábková P.
Published: May 2015

Streszczenie

Podmínky aplikace vysoce legovaných austenitických ocelí lze rozdělit podle charakteru a mechanismu tvorby ochranné vrstvy, která brání jejich intenzivnější celkové korozi. Při vzniku ochranné, pasivační vrstvy mechanismem nízkoteplotní oxidace (tj. do teplot 200-300°C) mají oceli charakter materiálů korozivzdorných. Při vyšších aplikačních teplotách, kdy ochranná oxidická vrstva má charakter oxidu vysokoteplotního (při teplotách nad 300°C), slouží tyto oceli jako materiály žárovzdorné či žáropevné. Dosažení optimální korozní odolnosti v obou aplikačních oblastech závisí mj. na stavu povrchu, avšak odlišným způsobem. Rozhodující vlivy stavu povrchu jsou diskutovány v tomto článku.
Influence of steel sheets surface state on evaluation of cadmium coatings in salt spray
Authors: Faltýnková A. , Hruška M. , Kudláček J.
Published: May 2015

The work is focused on the evaluation of cadmium layer corrosion according to Boeing specification and how is the status of the underlying material influenced by the corrosion. Plating was applied on the steel panels (type 4130). These metal sheets were partially corroded, therefore there were chosen various surface pretreatment, which removed the corrosion attack and subsequently cadmium plating was carried out. Corrosion neutral salt spray test for 336 hours was done according to ASTM B117.
Using alternative fuels in the production of cement / Wykorzystanie paliw alternatywnych przy produkcji cementu
Authors: Karwat Bolesław , Głowiński Dariusz , Stańczyk Emil
Published: May 2015

The paper presents a modern approach to environmental protection in a cement plant. The possibilities of using alternative fuels are discussed along with the consequences of using them. The authors describe the feeding systems of impregnated and shredded solid fuels and tyres, as well as of liquid fuels. The basic parameters of alternative fuels used are also discussed
Experimental methods of evaluating measurement uncertainty resulting from sample collection and preparation for analysis in chemical laboratories / Niepewność pomiaru wynikająca z poboru i przygotowania próbek do badań w laboratorium chemicznym oszacowana metodą doświadczalną
Authors: Giercuszkiewicz-Bajtlik Mieczysława , Gworek Barbara
Published: May 2015

A measurement result should be presented with its measurement uncertainty determined according to the evaluation method. The paper presents an experimental method used to evaluate measurement uncertainty resulting from the collection and preparation of samples for analysis in chemical labs. Evaluation of measurement uncertainty of the content of particular elements in actual samples has been conducted with the method of precision determination using ROBUST ANOVA analysis of variance. Analyses of soil samples were made in the Laboratory of the Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute. The experimental method of evaluating measurement uncertainty allows a fast and relatively simple evaluation of all sources of uncertainty resulting from sample collection and preparation for analysis in chemical labs
Effect of Genetic Conditions, Foliar Fertilisation with Magnesium and Storage on the Content of Nitrates (V) and (III) in the Storage Roots in Carrot
Authors: Wszelaczyńska Elżbieta , Pobereżny Jarosław , Keutgen Anna J.
Published: May 2015

During 2007-2009, studies were undertaken to determine the effect of genetic factors, magnesium fertilisation and storage on the content of nitrates (V) and (III) in carrot roots. After harvest as well as after storage, the cultivar ‘Perfekcja’ was characterised by the lowest content of NO3
− and NO2
−, while the greatest amounts were found in cultivar ‘Flacoro’. Magnesium was applied in doses of 0, 45 and 90 kg MgO ha-1 - in the form of 3% spraying during the vegetation season. The research items were cultivars: ‘Berjo’, Flacoro’, ‘Karotan’, ‘Koral’ and ‘Perfekcja’.

After harvest as well as after storage, the cultivar ‘Perfekcja’ was characterised by the lowest content of NO3
− and NO2
−, while the greatest amounts were found in cultivar ‘Flacoro’. In this research, each of the applied dose of magnesium fertilisation resulted in a significant increase in the content of nitrates (V) and (III) in carrot roots, but none of the evaluated cultivars did not exceed the allowed amounts. After storage, the content of nitrates (V) decreased for the cultivars ‘Berjo’, ‘Flacoro’ and ‘Karotan’ by 2%, for ‘Koral’ and ‘Perfekcja’ by 2.5%, whereas of nitrates (III) for the cultivar ‘Berjo’ by 1%, Karotan’ and ‘Perfekcja’ by 3% and for ‘Flacoro’ and ‘Koral’ by 5%.