bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Organizations in the Field of Civil Aviation — Their Structure, Functions and Role in the Process of Ensuring the Security OF Civil Air Navigation
Authors: Bria Feodor
Published: December 2024

This article presents an analysis of the main international and regional organizations in the field of civil aviation, highlighting their objectives, structure, and significance in establishing a safe, efficient, and coordinated framework for civil aviation. Each organization plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of civil aviation and contributes, through the harmonization of policies and the adoption of common regulations, to the development of a cooperative and secure aviation framework. This framework is designed to meet both regional and international requirements while aligning with ICAO standards.
Heritage and Funding of Political Parties
Authors: Soroceanu Igor
Published: December 2024

Regulation of political party funding and asset management is essential to maintain integrity and transparency in the political process. This fact is essential to persist in a rule of law and democracy. In the context of this scientific approach, we propose to highlight some aspects of essential importance regarding the status and type of patrimony of political parties, as well as the legal basis and the way of financing political parties.
Some Studies on Isopoda Infestation In Different Types of Cultured Fish with Special Reference of Treatment
Authors: Moghazy Hani , Khalil Ryad , Latif Hany , Saad Tallat , T T , Tanekhy and
Published: December 2024

The present work was aimed to investigate two fish species; Sea bream (Sparus auratus and Tilapia zilli during summer and winter season to isopod parasitism and recorded of the parameters followed parasitism.
The present work based on 300 fish samples representing two fish species; Sea bream (Sparus auratus and Tilapia zilli 150 samples from each species in different seasons) which were captured during summer (June, July, August) and winter season (September, October, November) 2023 in the fifty ponds with nearly similar size 2 and half Fadden (10500 cubic meter of water capacity) for each pond of private farm at Mothalas El-Dibba, Domeitta governorate, Egypt.
The results cleared that, the clinical picture in the naturally infested fishes Sea bream and Tilapia zilli were opened mouth and degeneration of the gill filaments, presence of juvenile’s parasite in the gill chamber or buccal cavity of different infested. The data of water quality in summer and winter season during the isopoda infestation in both sea bream and Tilapia zilli , the level of temperature, Unionized- ammonia (NH3), sulfate (H2S) and nitrite were higher in summer season than the winter season than the permissible limits of these parameters mentioned in the different references refers in the ideal water quality in both cultured sea bream and Tilapia zilli. In general the all parameters of the water quality were in the higher levels than reported in the summer season. The higher rate of infestation with isopods was recorded during winter (80%) while during summer (62.86%). There was a significant value between the rate of isopod infestation and seasons. The glutathione, super peroxidase, catalase level ranged from the higher level in non-infested sea bream and Tilapia zilli fish by isopoda than the infested one.
The results concluded that, the isopoda infestation of sea bream and Tilapia zilli fish resulted in significant changes emerged in the hematological (RBC, Hb, Ht), and differential leucocytic count as well as innate immune (cortisol, lysozyme and antioxidants such as Glutathione, Super oxide dismutase, Catalase) parameters of the sea bream and Tilapia zilli fish parasitized with isopoda more than non-infested. Deltamethrin was effective against isopoda without induce any toxicity. Thus, a continuous application of the treatment is required to maintain levels that are toxic to the parasite
The Rise of the Oppressed: An Interrogation of the Contemporary Women in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's Sister of My Heart and The Vine of Desire
Authors: Owaydhah Ruba
Published: December 2024

The paper explores the representation of contemporary women in comparison to the traditional women in literary works. Women in the past have generally been represented in literary works as being weak and oppressed. However, the contemporary women have been represented in completely different ways. They are represented as being strong, educated and independent. The paper tackles the ways that help the Indian contemporary women to change, mainly through Anju and Sudha in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's Sister of My Heart (1999) and The Vine of Desire (2003).
The paper discusses the effects of childhood through Anju's and Sudha's childhood. It shows the effects of the traditional fairy tales, with their traditional theme of the masculine hero, and the contemporary ones, with a different theme that represents women as strong and independent . It also shows the effects of World literature through Anju who is affected by the new ideas of Virginia Woolf that help her to gain a revolutionary soul to rebel against the old oppressing rules of the Indian society. Moreover, while the traditional women's voice is silenced, the voice of the women in the novel, Sudha and Anju, as contemporary women are heard since they are the narrators of Sister of My Heart and a great part of The Vine of Desire. In addition, the paper represents the belief of some Indian families that a woman must have an abortion if the first baby is a girl. And the fact that Sudha's refusal to have an abortion is a declaration of her rise as an oppressed woman. Finally, The paper shows that contemporary Indian women with their abilities to read about other cultures, to continue their education and travel abroad to a different society become conscious of the conditions of oppressed traditional women and therefore they are able to rise against oppression, declaring the era of the rise of the oppressed
Pathways to Care among patients with Mental Illness at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Authors: ANAS YAKUBU , Usman Umar , Abdulfatai Bakare , sani Abubakar , Ahmad Abubakar , Amira Bello , Uzairu Abdullahi , Abdurrahman zakariyya , Mohammad Abdulaziz , Abdallah Sanusi , Aliyu lada , Habib Abubakar , Bashir Umar , Jnaidu Sarki , Abdulaziz Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: The first line of care is a paramount stage in the management of the mentally ill persons. In Nigeria, traditional and faith-based healers compete with medical professionals in providing care.
AIM: To determine the pathway to care among patients with Mental Illness at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The characteristics of the patients and their pathways to care were assessed using a questionnaire specifically designed by the researchers, based on previous studies. A total of 270 participants were recruited over a three-month period using a convenience sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Chi-square tests were applied to examine associations, with significance set at P-values less than 0.05. Binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of the pathway to care.
RESULTS: Few respondents (15.9%) had consulted a psychiatrist and that at least 3.6 (SD ± 6.0) non-medical healers were consulted before seeing a psychiatrist. There was a statistically significant association between the pathway to care and the level of education (p = 0.047), ethnicity (p = 0.001), religion (p < 0.001), diagnosis (p = 0.002), and family history of mental illness (p = 0.002). However, religion, family history of mental illness, and diagnosis emerged as determinants of the pathway to care.
CONCLUSION: The study found that the use of non- medical care was high among patients with mental illness. Religion, family history of mental illness, and diagnosis are determinants of the pathway to care.
Keywords: Pathway, Mental illness, care.
The effect of rehabilitation on remission following detoxification treatment in alcohol and substance use disorders: A pilot study
Authors: Danisman Mustafa , Ispir Gamze , Katar Kubra , Hasanli Zehra , Bilgin Ziya
Published: December 2024

Alcohol and substance use disorders (ASUD) are characterized by persistent substance use behavior despite their harmful effects, and they are chronic and recurrent disorders. In the treatment of ASUD, in addition to pharmacological treatment and the treatment of comorbid psychiatric disorders, the inclusion of rehabilitation in the treatment processes is also essential because of the high relapse rates after detoxification treatment. In our country, although the number of detoxification centers for ASUD has increased over the years, rehabilitation services have remained inadequate. This retrospective study aims to compare the remission periods of ASUD patients who received and did not receive rehabilitation services after completing their detoxification treatments in our clinic and to contribute to the literature in this field. In this study, we compared the remission periods of 33 patients who completed inpatient detoxification treatment in our clinic and then received inpatient rehabilitation services with 33 patients who did not receive rehabilitation services. The findings showed that patients who received rehabilitation treatment had longer remission periods. Rehabilitation services are of critical importance in combating addiction and need to be expanded in our country.
The investigation of vestibulary system in patients with thyroid dysfunctions
Authors: Koca Ci , n Lezan , Kelles Mehmet , k Turgut , Aydin Sukru , Yasar Seyma
Published: December 2024

A relationship has been detected among thyroid dysfunctions and vestibular pathologies. Our aim was to evaluate the vestibular system in cases with thyroid dysfunctions. Totally 71 patients between the ages of 20-50 with thyroid dysfunctions (35 hypothyroidic and 36 hyperthyroidic) and 36 participants with normal thyroid functions were included. Patients were also allocated as two groups based on antibody positivity. Pure tone audiometry and Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential tests were performed for all participants. In the left ear there was a numerically significance in the hypothyroids at 4000 and 8000 Hz (p=0.020 and p=0.014). In the right ear p13 and n23 latencies differed among the groups, (p=0.004 and p=0.001). The p13-n23 and n10-p15 amplitudes were decreased in both patient groups (p<0.001) (p=0.015). For the left ear, the p13 an n23 latencies was prolonged in both patient groups (p=0.044) (p=0.002). The p13-n23 amplitude value was distincted numerically significant (p<0.001). The n10-p15 amplitude was longer in the patients (p=0.004). We can not observe a numerically significance among groups according to antibody positivity (p>0.005). Thyroid dysfunctions may lead to subclinical changes on the vestibular system and the saccular and utriculer impairment may be an early indicator of endolymphatic hydrops.
Effect of intratympanic steroid therapy in sudden sensorineural hearing loss: Our clinical experience
Authors: Kepekci Ahmet
Published: December 2024

The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of intratympanic steroid injection (ITS) in reducing irreversible sensorineural hearing loss in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL). Between February 2018 and February 2024, a total of eighteen patients diagnosed with SSHL and treated with ITS were analyzed in this retrospective study. Hearing levels of all patients were determined before and after treatment. An audiometer from the brand "Interacoustics AD629 Diagnostic Audiometer" was used for audiological assessment. The data was divided into 2 groups, one for midrange frequencies mean (250-500–1000-2000 Hz) and the other for treble frequencies means hearing level (4000-80000Hz), these measures were compared before and after treatment. Hearing levels improved significantly after treatment. Mean midrange frequencies decreased from 44.35±27.23 dB pre-procedure to 35.46±29.49 dB postprocedure (p<0.001). Treble frequencies were decreased from 58.19±28.87 dB before treatment to 50.28±29.8 dB after the end of therapy (p<0.001). Speech discrimination score improved from 79.41±27.11 preoperatively to 82.44±26.93 (p<0.001).ITS can significantly improve hearing levels in patients with SSHL. The results show that intra-tympanic steroids may be an effective treatment for sudden SSHL. Yet, these findings call for further validation in larger-scale randomized controlled trials. We hope that future research will help in developing treatment protocols for ITS including the optimal dose, duration of administration, and long-term impact.
Movahed's sign of left ventricle on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in a case with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Bati Fatih , lov Guler , Bicakci Nilufer , Kirtiloglu Banu
Published: December 2024

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) dramatically replaces biventricular remodeling and modifies the right ventricular function. In this case, a 75-year-old female patient who was followed up with a diagnosis of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism and had an acute embolism attack covering the entire right lung was retrospectively reviewed. In this examination, Movahed's sign, a sign of right ventricular overload, was also detected scintigraphically on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. This case is important in clearly showing the cardiac and pulmonary reflections of CTEPH.
Victims of Terrorism: The Interplay Between the Right to Compensation and the Risk of Secondary Victimization
Authors: Haddeland Hanna Buer
Published: December 2024

Victims of terrorism have the right to compensation under European law, but recent EU reports indicate that many experience secondary victimization during the application process. This article examines the interplay between the obligation to provide compensation and preventing secondary victimization during the application process for victims of terrorism through an analysis of European law and empirical evidence. Using compensation to victims of the terror attacks on 22 July 2011 in Norway as a case study, the article demonstrates how and why legal compensation procedures can cause secondary victimization. It suggests that merging legal instruments on the right to state compensation with instruments on victims’ rights to information, support, and protection could clarify the interconnection between the obligation to provide compensation and the responsibility of preventing secondary victimization for victims of terrorism and other vulnerable victims.
Extraterritorial Effects of the Digital Markets Act: The ‘elusive long arm’ of European digital regulation
Authors: Drewes Helena , Kirk Alexander
Published: December 2024

The Digital Markets Act (DMA) will have significant extraterritorial effects: It applies directly – and with the exception of Booking.com currently exclusively – to non-European undertakings. It may shape markets beyond the EU single market: gatekeepers may decide to adhere to the EU standards on an international level and other jurisdictions may respond to the DMA with similar regulation. In this paper, we firstly assess the conditions under which digital regulation takes effect beyond the EU. We submit that the DMA meets these criteria in general as well as for specific obligations. Whilst it is difficult to establish which jurisdiction designed the blueprints of digital regulation and inspired others (concerning the de jure indirect extraterritorial effect), we found several strong reasons in favour of significant de facto extraterritorial effects of certain obligations. Secondly, we discuss whether it is legitimate that the EU imposes its understanding of how digital markets should work on other jurisdictions. We suggest to consider direct extraterritorial effects to be legitimate if there is a sufficient link to the jurisdiction and the regulatory competition is fair, i.e., if there is no (significant) asymmetry of power or the effects are proportionate to attaining digital sovereignty.
The Expediency of Administrative Acts and the Principle of Proportionality
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Dzhelepov Ivan
Published: December 2024

Inexpediency is a reason for the annulment of the administrative act when the same is challenged in an administrative procedure before the immediately superior administrative body. We can talk about the expediency of the administrative act only when the act is issued under the conditions of operational autonomy. In legal reality, the addressees of administrative acts rarely contest their expediency. The reason for this is that the expediency of the administrative act cannot be challenged in a court of law, but only in an administrative one, and that before an administrative body in the same state structure as the issuer of the act, which leads to a lack of objectivity and impartiality in the exercise of administrative authority control for the expediency of the administrative act. In addition, despite its legal importance, the legal framework of this legal institute is extremely scarce, which makes it difficult for its proper application by the administration. It is necessary to distinguish between the expediency of administrative acts, their inconsistency with the purpose of the law, and the principle of proportionality, although all three institutes have many similarities.
Does the Criminal Code Generate Crime?
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Velchev Boris
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the shortcomings of the current Criminal Code, which can lead to innocent people being accused of crimes. In the article, examples of outdated provisions, unclear provisions, and criminal provisions that could be more successfully sanctioned through administrative legal means are examined. The author concludes that these deficiencies in the current criminal justice system can be addressed by adopting a new Criminal Code.
PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO E ANÁLISE DA COBERTURA VACINAL CONTRA DOENÇA MENINGOCÓCIA EM INDÍGENAS DA ETNIA MUNDURUKU/ AM
Authors: Duncan Louise Souza , Sá Iasmin Vitória Costa , Menezes Kátia Maria Lima de
Published: December 2024

O estudo realizado nas aldeias Munduruku (Kaiowé, Fronteira e Aru) no Amazonas tem como objetivo analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e a cobertura vacinal da população indígena, com foco na vacinação antimeningocócica. Os dados apontam uma baixa taxa de vacinação, com destaque para a vacina contra a meningite causada pela Neisseria meningitidis, especialmente nas faixas etárias vulneráveis (crianças de até 24 meses e idosos). A pesquisa revelou que, nas três aldeias, a cobertura vacinal é preocupante: a aldeia Fronteira tem apenas 13,9% de cobertura, a Kaiowé 39%, e a Aru 23,4%. Nos grupos mais vulneráveis, como crianças e idosos, a vacinação é ainda mais escassa, com taxas alarmantemente baixas, especialmente nas aldeias Fronteira e Kaiowé, onde nenhuma criança foi vacinada contra a meningite. A situação é agravada pelo difícil acesso aos serviços de saúde e a falta de informações adequadas sobre a importância da vacinação. O estudo destaca a urgência de estratégias eficazes para melhorar a cobertura vacinal, como conscientização, melhorias no acesso à vacina e parcerias com líderes locais. A vacinação é essencial para evitar surtos e complicações graves da meningite, uma doença com alta taxa de mortalidade, especialmente em áreas remotas como as do Amazonas.
A ciszterci eszmények a Vita Aelrediben
Authors: Koleszár Zsófia
Published: December 2024

A korai XII. századi ciszterci történelem bővelkedik a sikeres világi pályát maguk
mögött hagyó új tagok történeteiben, akik korábbi életüket önként feladva boldogan választották a világtól elzárt, az épp növekedésnek indult városok zajától
mentes monostorok szemlélődésre alkalmas magányát.1
Rievaulx-i (Szent) Elréd
története egy ezek közül. Elréd 1147–1167 között volt a rievaulx-i monostor apátja,
és ez idő alatt Rievaulx a ciszterci rend legbefolyásosabb monostorává nőtte ki magát Észak-Angliában. Életéről a legfontosabb rendelkezésünkre álló forrás, saját
történeti és spirituális munkái mellett, a tanítványa és barátja, Walter Daniel által
jegyzett Vita Aelredi Abbatis Rievall’ című életrajz, melyet a szerző nem sokkal az
apát halála után írt.
A szerző elsősorban hagiográfusként járt el a Vita Aelredi megírásakor, ami
joggal vethet fel kételyeket a műben olvasható információk hitelességét és megbízhatóságát illetően. Azonban a narratíva nem a végeláthatatlan csodatételekre van
kihegyezve, amelyek egy-két generációval később a hivatalos szentté avatási eljárás
szerves részét képezték. A szerző sokkal inkább Elréd mint Jézus Krisztus hű követője
emlékét kívánta megőrizni, akinek életét és minden cselekedetét már a szerzetesi
hivatás előtt is az alázatosság, az erényesség, illetve a felebaráti szeretet gyakorlásának fontosságába vetett hit vezérelte. Walter Daniel világosan megfogalmazza
a Vita elején, hogy a célja Elréd dicsőítése, egyszersmind követendő példa állítása a
jelenlegi rievaulx-i szerzetesek és a későbbi generációk elé, emlékének megőrzése,
valamint szentségének bizonyítása.
Tanulmányomban azt vizsgálom, hogy a Vita Aelrediben hogyan, milyen módon
jelennek meg a ciszterci reform alapvonásai, milyen modelleken keresztül mutatja
be a szerző Elrédet és a rievaulx-i ciszterci közösséget. Elemzésemben nem kronologikusan fogok haladni, hanem két nagyobb egységre osztottam azokat a Vita egészén
átívelő témákat, amelyeket Walter Daniel is igyekszik közvetíteni a Vita Aelredin
keresztül Elréd életének különböző időszakaihoz kapcsolva őket. A témák egyike
Elréd egyre mélyülő és egyre intenzívebbé váló elvonulása a világtól, a másik pedig
Elréd szeretete, a személyiségében és viselkedésében megjelenő, abban testet öltő
caritas mind Isten, mind pedig „felebarátai” felé.
Új források az azték emberáldozat történetéről: Motolinía, Mendieta, Torquemada
Authors: Puchinger Noémi , Suszta Laura
Published: December 2024

Jelen közleményünkben három ferences szerző – Motolinía, Torquemada, Mendieta –
munkásságát mutatjuk be röviden, bevezetésül a műveikből készült fordításokhoz
(lásd a Forrás rovatot). Mindhárom szerző a gyarmatosítás korai időszakában működött Új-Spanyolországban, a mai Mexikóban; mindhárman az őslakók és azok
vallási gyakorlatai és hiedelemvilága iránt érzékeny és – a lehetőségek határain
belül – megértő ferences mentalitás hordozói voltak, bár más és más értelmezői
stratégiával dolgoztak; mindhárman beszélték az adatközlők nyelvét, a náhuatlot,
ezért antropológiai tekintetben megbízható, jóllehet nem émikus forrásnak számítanak; és mindhármuk történetírói-teológusi figyelmét kiváltképpen foglalkoztatta
az azték vallási rítus ismeretes emberáldozati praxisa. Itt következő, kronológiai
elrendezésű bemutatásuk célja megkönnyíteni a fordításban lentebb közölt források
értelmezését, történeti kontextusba helyezését.
Quality assurance in higher education: Trends and insights from a systematic literature review
Authors: Pramono Suwito Eko , Widiyanto Widiyanto
Published: December 2024

Quality assurance in higher education is vital for ensuring institutional accountability, improving educational standards, and meeting stakeholder expectations. However, few studies offer clear directions for future research, highlighting the need for further exploration. To address this, this study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to map key research topics in quality assurance. A total of 2,578 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2013 and 2023 were analyzed, employing keyword co-occurrence mapping to identify thematic clusters. The data analysis was conducted using VOSviewer to uncover trends and advancements in the field. The results reveal four distinct clusters: The red cluster focuses on institutional and policy frameworks, highlighting the role of teaching, policy, and standards. The green cluster emphasizes student perceptions, satisfaction, and service quality, reflecting the growing importance of the student experience. The blue cluster examines accreditation processes, emphasizing their role in maintaining academic standards and ensuring compliance. The yellow cluster explores leadership and engagement, focusing on the relationship between school leadership, stakeholder involvement, and quality assurance practices. These findings offer a strong foundation for advancing both scholarly discourse and practical applications in quality assurance and provide valuable insights to guide future research in addressing emerging challenges in higher education.
The impact of human capital and ICT index on local economic growth in Vietnam
Authors: Tam Cao Minh , Phong Nguyen Anh , Chinh Le Van
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the factors of human capital and technology (ICT) that impact the economic growth of localities in Vietnam in the period 2016-2021. The study also evaluates the interactive impact between information technology factors and human capital factors on economic growth. The data used is based on secondary data of 63 Vietnamese provinces and cities in the period 2016-2021, extracted directly from the General Statistics Office and Vietnamese business white papers. Data on indicators representing ICT are collected through the Vietnam ICT Readiness Index for Development and Application Report released by the Ministry of Information and Communication. Using SGMM will allow to overcome model defects such as multicollinearity, autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity and endogenous variables. The results show that the variables of the rate of labor over 15 years old, or the rate of workers with vocational training, have a positive impact on economic growth, while the factors of the number of people attending secondary school or spending on Education has a negative impact on local economic growth. The technology index (ICT) has a positive impact while the information technology human resource index has a negative impact on growth. Under the interactive impact of ICT, it can increase growth but can also reduce economic growth at a higher level. These results help provide some policy implications to help improve economic growth for localities in the next period by increasing the use of technology and continuously improving the quality of human capital.
INHIBITION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA (ERα) BY BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM TERMINALIA ARJUNA (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn.: A MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY
Authors: Balachandran Padmavathy , Sathish Muthukrishnan  , Balakrishnan Samuel Ebinezer
Published: December 2024

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) plays a critical role in breast cancer. Its overabundance can be driven by factors that stimulate estrogen hormone gene expression in living organisms. This, in turn, can lead to the development of several desirable properties by the cancer cells, impairing the maintenance of a regular mammary gland in females. Consequently, ERα offers a wide range of potential biochemical therapeutic targets for clinical research. Terminalia arjuna, a widely accepted medicinal plant in traditional medicine, has shown promise in treating various critical diseases. Our previous studies using swissADME identified 20 bioactive compounds in T. arjuna with favorable pharmacokinetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of these bioactive compounds against ERα (PDB ID: 3ERT) using molecular docking studies with Autodock 4.2.6. The docking results revealed high binding affinities for the designed compounds, ranging from -3.1 to -9.4 kcal/mol. These findings suggest that T. arjuna derived compounds could be significant for the development of novel and improved anti-breast cancer agents.
BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS POTENTIATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF A PETALONIA FASCIA EXTRACT ON METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS
Authors: Alghazeer Rabia , Azwai Salah , Alksaik Musa , Elghmasi Sana , Sidati Maammar , Fituri Ali El , Eldaghayes Ibrahim , Althaluti Ezdehar , Abomies Entesar Ali , Eskandrani Areej A. , Shamlan Ghalia , Alansari Wafa S. , AL-Farga Ammar , Hleba Lukas , Rebezov Maksim , Yermukhametova Zhazira
Published: December 2024

The bioactive algal components that contribute to their antimicrobial properties have garnered significant attention, particularly in light of the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance. The current study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a Petalonia fascia methanolic extract and to explore the potentiation action of extract–antibiotic combinations with the available antibiotics, as well as the effects of their mixture on multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, namely, five methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The algal crude extract displayed antibacterial activity against all assayed isolates, with an inhibition zone ranging from 16 to 21 mm and the best spectrum of bactericidal effect with a ratio of MBC/MIC < 4 obtained on the five tested bacterial strains. Amoxicillin–extract mixtures decreased the bacterial growth rate dramatically on all five S. aureus isolates in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate the ability of the extract to modulate antibiotic activity. However, the possibility of its use to solve the issue of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and their application as therapeutic agents against infectious diseases warrants further investigation.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF NEWLY BIOSYNTHESIZED AMPICILLIN/CHITOSAN/SELENIUM NANOCOMPOSITE (AMP/CS/SENC) USING FUSARIUM FUJIKUROI PP794203 AGAINST MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ESCHERICHIA COLI PP797596
Authors: F. El-Fawal Mayada , A. El-Fallal Amira , I. Abou-Dobara Mohamed , K.A. El-Sayed Ahmed , El-Zahed Mohamed M.
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, nanobiotechnology is being used to restrict the development of bacterial resistance, particularly multidrug-resistant strains. Applications for selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) are becoming progressively more widespread due to their broad bioactivity and antibacterial action, although few studies report their use as  nanoparticles (NPs) in combination with antibiotics. The present study evaluated the combined effects of ampicillin (AMP), chitosan (CS) and Se NPs (AMP/CS/SeNC) against the multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli PP797596. Se NPs were biosynthesized using Fusarium fujikuroi (PP794203) in a green, safe, and fast method. AMP/CS/SeNC was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses. AMP/CS/SeNC revealed a characteristic peak at 280 nm. FTIR confirmed the presence of proteins as stabilizing and capping agents. Zeta potential refers to the high stability of AMP/CS/SeNC due to an intensive positive net surface charge (+44.3 mV). AMP/CS/SeNC appeared as crystalline-shaped NPs with an average particle size of 85.32 ± 1.8 nm. AMP/CS/SeNC showed strong antibacterial activity against the tested E. coli and displayed an inhibition zone of 21 ± 0.06 mm and a significantly minimum inhibitory concentration of 25 µg/ml. In addition, the prepared nanocomposite completely destroyed the tested E. coli cells, including the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall, according to TEM studies. The current study provides a new nanocomposite that might be applied to different pharmaceutical products and an exceptional antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE CRUDE EXTRACT IRRIGATION AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM INFECTED HUMAN ROOT CANALS
Authors: El-Gohary Hasnaa , Azab Marwa , Abdelrahman Ali , Fayyad Dalia , El-Kholy Mohammed , Mohamed Dalia , El-Zahed Mohamed M.
Published: December 2024

Root canal irrigating solutions with strong antibacterial properties are crucial for effective endodontic therapy by preventing recurrent and persistent infections. The question now is not so much whether microbes play a role in the pathophysiology of pulpitis and apical periodontitis, but rather whether species of microbes play a role. The list of microorganisms linked to periodontitis is still growing and could get more precise in future years. Conventional antibacterial agents such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) have failed to overcome a variety of Staphylococcus aureus moreover its toxicity and the occasional report of pain when higher concentrations are used. 7 S. aureus strains were isolated from infected root canals and identified using the VITEK® 2 compact system. An aqueous crude extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe was prepared and used as a safe and effective antibacterial agent against the S. aureus isolates and S. aureus ATCC 25923. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of Z. officinale Roscoe extract exhibits 14 different biochemical compounds including gingerol (46.11%), zingiberene (17.12%), and thymol (11.20%) as the main constituents. The antibacterial activity of Z. officinale Roscoe extract and NaOCl was investigated against S. aureus strains compared to ciprofloxacin as a standard drug using agar well diffusion method, minimum inhibition zone concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The Z. officinale Roscoe extract revealed higher antibacterial activity than NaOCl and ciprofloxacin with inhibition zones averages of 18 ± 0.03, 16 ± 0.06, and 15 ± 0.14 mm, respectively. The MIC and MBC values of Z. officinale Roscoe extract were 40 and 40 µg/mL compared to NaOCl (55 and 65 µg/mL, respectively). This study provides an alternate antibacterial irrigation root canal solution, Z. officinale Roscoe extract against human pathogenic S. aureus.
A MINI REVIEW ON APPLICATION OF NON-THERMAL TECHNIQUES FOR PROTECTION OF FRUIT JUICES
Authors: Ahsan Samreen , Siddiqa Ayesha , Chughtai Farhan , Khaliq Adnan , Makhmudov Farrukh , Azimova Sanavar , Rebezov Maksim , Zhumanova Gulnara , Kulushtayeva Botakoz , Shariati Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Globally, fruit juices are widely consumed due to their nutritional and health benefits. With increased consumer knowledge about health and safety demand for nutritious fresh like juices is also increased. Fruit juices are more susceptible to spoilage mostly by spoilage microorganisms or by intrinsic enzymatic reactions that adversely affect the sensory attributes of juices. Conventional thermal pasteurization is effective to control spoilage, but it also affects heat sensitive functional compounds and the nutritional value of juices. Therefore, to meet increased consumer demand and requirements, it is necessary to process a variety of fruits for juice preparation with improved preservation techniques to control spoilage. Non-thermal preservation like high pressure processing, pulse electric field, ultraviolet radiations and cold press, etc., are recognized as best alternatives to thermal pasteurization as they have substantial potential to completely inactivate spoilage microbes by causing cell disruption either during processing or after juice has packaged. One of the promising features of employing non-thermal preservation methods is that they do not affect nutritional and organoleptic characteristics of processed juice. Also, most of the methods are relatively less expensive and efficient cause maximum microbial load reduction and improve shelf life.
OXIDATION AND PHTHALATE CONTENT IN RELATION TO FAT IN FRANKFURTERS
Authors: Cubon Juraj , Jarošová Alžbeta , Tkáčová Jana , Hlebová Miroslava , Hleba Lukáš , Bučko Ondřej
Published: December 2024

The work analyzes the content of MDA, TVB-N, DBP and DEHP in frankfurters and primary and secondary packaging on the day of purchase and at the end of the expiration date. Frankfurters 1 (F1), fat content of 10.49 g.100g-1, Frankfurters 2 (F2), fat content of 8.01 g.100g-1 and Frankfurters 3 (F3) with a fat content of 6.49 g.100g-1 are evaluated in the experiment. The MDA content at the beginning of the experiment was 0.07 mg.kg-1 in F1, 0.06 in F2 and 0.08 mg.kg-1 in F3. During storage for 10 days, the MDA content in all analysed groups of frankfurters increased nonsignificant to the value of 0.08 in F1, 0.07 in F2 and 0.09 mg.kg-1 in F3. The increase in TVB-N content was almost the same in all groups. In F1, TVB-N content in frankfurters increased by 1.95 mg.100g-1, in F2 by 2.03 mg.100g-1 and in F3 by 2.05 mg.100g-1. From the purchase to the end of the consumption period 10 days), the content of TVB-N in F1 increased by 18.2%, in F2 by 14.17% and in F3 by 14.31%. The content of DBP and DEHP corresponded to the fat content of the frankfurter, at the beginning of the experiment it was the highest in F1, DBP content in F1 was 12.71 µg.g-1, lower in F2 6.62 µg.g-1 and lowest in F3 5.46 µg.g-1. DEHP content was 10.15 µg.g-1 in F1, 8.14 µg.g-1in F2 and 5.29 µg.g-1 in F3. DBP content in sausages increased by 12.35% in F1, by 24.17% in F2 and by 28.58% in F3 during the experiment. The DEHP content increased during the experiment by 12% in F1, by 8.85% in F2 and by 5.45% in F3. However, the increase in DEHP content was consistent with the fat content of the frankfurter, with the highest increase in F1 with the highest fat content and the lowest in F3 with the lowest fat content in secondary packaging, the content of DBP and DEHP decreased by 35-45% during storage at a temperature of 4°C until the expiration date.
A LIPOSOMAL CONTROLLED DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR PLANTAGO MAJOR L. EXTRACTS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY FOR WOUND HEALING
Authors: ERDAL ALTINTAS Ozlem , AYTAR CELIK Pinar
Published: December 2024

The objectives of this study are to determine the effective features of water and aqueous-ethanol extracts of Plantago major L. (Pm-dH2O and Pm-EtOH, respectively) in wound healing, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant potential, and fibroblast proliferation. Furthermore, it was targeted to obtain liposome structures loaded with Pm-extract for controlled release, characterize the obtained liposomes, and determine their release profiles. Antimicrobial activity (inhibition zone and minimum inhibition concentration), total antioxidant and oxidant (TAS, TOS, and OSI) potentials, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of Pm extracts were tested. The radical scavenging activity of Pm extracts was quantified by the DPPH assay. Antioxidant capabilities of Pm extracts were determined with ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP. In vitro cytotoxicity tests of Pm extracts were examined on dermal fibroblast cells with MTT assay. Liposome structures loaded with Pm extracts were obtained using the ethanol injection method. Plant extract-loaded liposomes were characterized, and in vitro release kinetics were revealed by dialysis technique.
Pm-EtOH extract inhibited the growth of microorganisms at lower concentrations than Pm-dH2O extract. According to TAS, TOS, and OSI values, it was concluded that there was a moderate antioxidant effect in Pm extracts in general. TPC and TFC of the Pm-EtOH extract are higher than the Pm-dH2O extract. Inhibition percentages of Pm-EtOH extract are higher than Pm-dH2O extracts against DPPH free radicals. The ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP antioxidant capacities of the Pm-EtOH extract are higher than that of the Pm-dH2O extract. Furthermore, according to dynamic light scattering and microscopy images, these plant extracts loaded liposomes had a high entrapment efficiency, a wide size range, and good stability.
Pm extracts showed high cell viability and no cytotoxic effect on HDF cells. Liposome structures loaded with Pm extracts are fine alternatives for effective and controlled release to the wound site due to high entrapment efficiency, a wide size range, and good stability.
НЕОДНОРОДНОЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЙ ПРИ РАСЧЕТЕ ПО ЛИНЕЙНО-СПЕКТРАЛЬНОЙ ТЕОРИИ СЕЙСМОСТОЙКОСТИ ВМЕСТО ЕДИНОГО КОЭФФИЦИЕНТА ДОПУСКАЕМЫХ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЙ
Authors: М. Жемчугов-Гитман Д.
Published: December 2024

В статье описан учет повреждений введением коэффициента К1 в расчетах по линейно-спектральной теории сейсмостойкости (ЛСТ) на территории РФ. Обозначены недостатки методики учета повреждений в действующих нормативных документах. При- веден краткий обзор иностранного опыта учета повреждений в конструкциях при расчете по ЛСТ, а также научные исследования по учету повреждений конструкции. Описываются достоинства неоднородного учета повреждений по ЛСТ вместо единого коэффи- циента К1. Изложены общие положения предлагаемой методики учета допускаемых повреждений в сооружения при расчете по ЛСТ. Рассмотрены численные решения задач, иллюстрирующие предлагаемую методику.
К ВОПРОСУ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ МЕТОДА ОПЕРАТИВНОГО ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗДАНИЙ И СООРУЖЕНИЙ, ПОСТРАДАВШИХ ПРИ ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ
Authors: С.Д. Скачкова , К.В. Корнеев
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается уникальный метод обследования зданий и сооружений, его применение в различных чрезвычайных ситу- ациях с использованием особенных приборов, при помощи которых возможно быстро и достоверно определить опасность обрушения строительных конструкций и спрогнозировать возникновение индивидуального риска для людей, находящихся внутри и поблизости зданий. Обращается внимание на задачи по дальнейшему развитию и совершенствованию мобильного диагностического комплекса «Струна».
ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ АВАРИЙ НА КАЛИЙНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ
Authors: Т.А. Петрова , А.Д. Епишина
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматриваются причины возникновения аварийных ситуаций в калийной промышленности и негативные последствия утечки рассолов в окружающую среду. Приведены крупные аварии с причинами их возникновения и оцененным ущербом. Описано нега- тивное воздействие рассолов, поступающих с солеотвалов и шламохранилищ отечественных и зарубежных калийных предприятий на почвенный покров, способствующее формированию солончаков, а также негативное воздействие на поверхностные и подземные водные объекты.
ЗАМЕНА ПРИРОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ НА ТЕХНОГЕННЫЕ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЕ ОТХОДЫ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ И ИЗДЕЛИЙ
Authors: В.Ф. Панова , И.В. Спиридонова , С.А. Панов , М.Е. Бубырь
Published: December 2024

В работе рассмотрен вопрос замены природного сырья на техногенные отходы, которые сосредоточены в отвалах энергетической, металлургической, железорудной, угольной отраслей и отрицательно влияют на экологию среды, занимают большие площади. В ре- зультате исследования техногенного сырья на их основе разработаны технологии и составы для получения различных видов стро- ительных материалов и изделий. Приведен опыт авторов исследования и применения техногенных отходов. Среди техногенного сырья найдены материалы, как основные компоненты шихты, так и добавки для химической, механической активизации шихты, пигменты. Показаны примеры получения на основе техногенного сырья клинкерных и бесклинкерных цементов, заполнителей, на- полнителей, обжиговых и безобжиговых композиционных строительных материалов и изделий. Приведенные составы и технологии запатентованы.
SOFTWARE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN PROJECT-BASED EDUCATION
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, MURZIN V.M. , GARIFULLINA E.V. , OKRUZHNOV A.V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: December 2024

In connection with the sanctions restrictions imposed on the Russian Federation, the issue of import substitution in all areas of the national economy is more acute than ever. Such a decision by the countries of the collective West had a particularly strong impact on the work of critical infrastructure enterprises, which include oil production and refining, petrochemicals, transport and storage of oil, gas and petroleum products. One of the priority areas of import substitution is the transition to domestic software. In the professional environment, ways of transitioning to domestic programs and related problems in the work of enterprises in the real sector of the economy, management and service organizations are intensively discussed. At the same time, the task of switching to domestic software is posed, among other things, to educational institutions of various levels and specializations, which are a source of personnel for industry. The presented article discusses the experience of solving the emerging problem of import substitution of software in design disciplines of the Department of Chemical Technology of Oil and Gas Processing of Kazan National Research Technological University. Taking into account the specifics of modern approaches used in the design of technological facilities of the petrochemical complex, the software used in the educational process must meet a number of criteria: development of intelligent technological schemes; three-dimensional layout of equipment and pipelines, preliminary design of metal structures (service platforms, flights of stairs, stepladders, cable and pipeline racks, etc.); preliminary design of architectural and construction elements (foundations, industrial buildings/structures, precast concrete structures, etc.); visualization of the constructed 3D model. Based on the stated software requirements, the family of software products from the domestic company “CSoft Development”, united under the Model Studio CS brand, was chosen as a non-alternative option.
MODELING OF CRACKS AND CHANGES IN THE TRANSVERSE DIMENSIONS OF THE ROD DURING LONGITUDINAL DEFORMATION
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, SERAZUTDINOV M.N.
Published: December 2024

A mathematical model is presented that allows calculating longitudinal deformations of rods having various local changes in the size of cross sections caused by damage or defects. A distinctive feature of the proposed model is that a section of the rod with damage in the form of a smooth or sharp (crack) change in cross-section dimensions is replaced by a section with a constant cross-sectional area. In this area, the size of the cross-section decreases, since the resulting damage reduces the stiffness of the rod. A method is described for determining the geometric parameters of the part of the rod that has a smaller cross-section and is introduced to simulate the damage or defects that have occurred. For a rod with symmetrically arranged cracks in one of its sections and a variable cross-section width in one of the sections, the main provisions of the method and the calculation algorithm are described in detail. The calculation scheme of the proposed model and the ratios on the basis of which calculations are carried out are presented. The main condition on which the calculation method is based is the equality of the deformations of the rod, determined by the formulas of resistance of materials and by the relations of the theory of elasticity. The peculiarity and main advantage of the relations used is that the equation on the basis of which calculations are carried out does not include the modulus of elasticity of the material and the parameters of the stress state or external forces. Therefore, it can be used in modeling a rod with varying thickness and cracks, regardless of what magnitude of stress occurs in the rod. The described method allows you to calculate the deformation (length change) a rod with a crack and with variable cross-section sizes, and then, using this information, determine the stress state. The advantages of such a model are manifested, for example, when a crack occurs in an element of a complex statically indeterminate system. Based on calculations, it is shown that using the described method, it is possible to determine with high accuracy the deformation of rods with defects and with varying cross-sectional dimensions using the formulas of resistance of materials. According to the theory of elasticity, only a fragment of it needs to be calculated.