bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise inelástica de segunda ordem em pórticos planos de aço
Authors: Clemente De Souza Alex Sander , Pereira Margot Fabiana , De Nardin Silvana
Published: August 2016

RESUMO: Na análise estrutural de edifícios é necessária e exigida em códigos de projeto a consideração do comportamento não-linear do material e da estrutura para determinação de esforços e deslocamentos. O desenvolvimento de novos softwares permite a realização de análises mais rigorosas, como a análise avançada, em que é possível avaliar a capacidade resistente e a estabilidade da estrutura dispensando a verificação dos elementos isolados e ainda considerando os efeitos não-lineares, sejam eles físicos e/ou geométricos. Por outro lado, os códigos normativos ainda permitem procedimentos simplificados para a análise estrutural, embora seja relativamente comum o uso de métodos mais avançados de análise, como por exemplo, o Método dos Elementos Finitos. Pretende-se, com este estudo, fornecer subsídios para a compreensão dos códigos normativos e a importância da escolha do modelo de análise estrutural na fase de projeto. Neste contexto, a fim de exemplificar, os efeitos das não-linearidades geométrica e física sobre o comportamento da estrutura foram avaliados pórticos planos em aço por meio de modelagem avançada. Além disso, uma modelagem com elementos finitos de barra / mola foi desenvolvida e os resultados obtidos se mostraram compatíveis com aqueles dos modelos tridimensionais onde os perfis foram modelados com elementos de chapa. Desta forma contribui-se para ampliar o estado da arte sobre análise estrutural de forma integrada com o dimensionamento de estruturas metálicas. ABSTRACT: In structural analysis of buildings it is necessary and required in design codes include non -linear effects on the material and structure for determining forces and displacements. The development of new software allows more rigorous analyzes, such as the advanced analysis; it is possible to assess the strength and stability of a structure excusing the verification of separate structural elements and considering the nonlinear effects. The design codes allow structural analysis by simplified procedures. However, it has been used advanced analysis methods such as the Finite Element Method. The aim of this study provide support for the normative codes and the importance of choosing the structural analysis model in the design phase. In order to illustrate the effects of geometry and physical nonlinearities on the behavior of the structure was evaluated plane frames steel through advanced modeling. In addition, a finite element modeling bar / spring was developed and the results obtained were consistent with those of three-dimensional shell models. In this way it contributes to extend the state of the art structural analysis integrated with the design of steel structures.
Paleorrelevo pleistocênico e estimativas de dissecação vertical e volumétrica para o Holoceno em uma pequena bacia hidrográfica - Médio Vale do rio Paraíba do Sul (RJ)
Authors: Pelech André Souza
Published: August 2016

O médio vale do rio Paraíba do Sul é marcado por diversos episódios de preenchimentos dos fundos de vale e reencaixamento da drenagem. Dentre esses episódios, o evento Manso caracteriza uma grande instabilidade na paisagem durante o início do Holoceno que gerou intensos processos erosivos nas encostas. A remobilização de sedimentos foi tão intensa, que os canais fluviais não tiveram competência para transportá-los, ocasionando um entulhamento generalizado tanto nos vales fluviais quanto nas cabeceiras de drenagem. Estudos na bacia do ribeirão dos Três Poços, tributária do rio Paraíba do Sul, estimaram que os depósitos sedimentares relacionados ao entulhamento correspondem a um volume entre 13 e 18 milhões de metros cúbicos, e mesmo após  episódios de reencaixamento da drenagem, aproximadamente 70% desse volume ainda se encontra preservado dentro da bacia. O presente estudo teve como objetivos a identificação o paleorrelevo anterior ao evento Manso e a avaliação do volume sedimentar erodido principalmente durante o evento Manso. O paleorrelevo foi obtido por uma interpolação das cotas altimétricas de topos e linhas de cumeada, através de procedimentos semi-automatizados em ambiente SIG. O estudo estimou que o volume sedimentar remobilizado durante o evento Manso foi entre 100 e 230 milhões de metros cúbicos, e apenas uma quantia entre 6,5% e 15% deste montante foi responsável pelo entulhamento generalizado da paisagem durante o Holoceno
Contribuição dos cocolitoforídeos para o aporte de carbonato de cálcio durante o Último Máximo Glacial na Margem Continental Sul Brasileira
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana De Freitas , Leonhardt Adriana
Published: August 2016

O ciclo do carbono durante o período glacial apresenta uma oportunidade única para a investigação de uma condição climática absolutamente distinta da atual. O conhecimento acerca da última glaciação pode ajudar a entender o clima atualmente e as potenciais mudanças ambientais futuras. A sensibilidade dos cocolitoforídeos a mudanças na química da água superficial possui grande relevância para os ciclos biogeoquímicos e como resposta para mudanças no sistema climático. O presente estudo utilizou um testemunho de piston core localizado nas coordenadas 47º 18' 28" W, 29º 24' 19” S, retirado do talude da Bacia de Pelotas a fim de analisar a importância dos cocolitoforídeos no aporte de carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3) para o fundo marinho na região do Cabo de Santa Marta. O testemunho compreende o intervalo entre 18,16 mil anos (ka) e 40,61 ka, incluindo o Último Máximo Glacial (UMG) e o início da deglaciação. Foram quantificados no mínimo 300 cocólitos e 5 campos de visão ao microscópio por amostra para identificação das espécies de cocolitoforídeos. Foram realizadas quatro datações através da técnica do 14C ao longo do testemunho. O conteúdo de CaCO3 nos sedimentos finos foi obtido através de ataque por ácido clorídrico. Os maiores valores de carbonato nos sedimentos ocorrem durante a deglaciação, porém a maior contribuição dos cocolitoforídeos para o aporte de CaCO3 parece ocorrer durante o UMG, quando comparadas as curvas de conteúdo de carbonato e a curva de abundância absoluta das espécies. As espécies que mais contribuíram para o aporte de carbonato foram Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa spp. e Florisphaera profunda
Limits of Growth Modulation Using Tension Band Plates in the Lower Extremities
Authors: Shabtai Lior , Herzenberg John E.
Published: August 2016

Growth modulation using tension band plates (TBP) has been shown to be a safe, effective, and popular method for correcting pediatric frontal plane angular deformity around the knee. Recently, TBPs have been used to achieve reversible epiphysiodesis to treat limb-length discrepancy. Many surgeons have expanded the indications to include diagnoses other than frontal plane angular deformities, anatomic sites other than the knee, and correction of sagittal and oblique plane deformities. Despite the rapid acceptance of TBPs, the limits of this option have not been explored. We undertook a systematic literature review and found that the success rate for idiopathic cases approaches 100% with a low complication rate. Pathologic cases have a slightly lower success rate and a higher complication rate. The potential to avoid osteotomy with growth modulation makes TBPs a reasonable option for all but the most extreme pediatric frontal and sagittal plane lower extremity deformities. Applications to hip deformities remain unproven.
Job Satisfaction among College Student Volunteers
Authors: Nazilah A. , Rozmi I. , Fauziah I.
Published: August 2016

Job Satisfaction is an important element to attract college student’s involvement in volunteer clubs. Most studies have looked at job satisfaction of employees and volunteers in developed countries and few studies of job satisfaction done for volunteers in developing countries. This study aims to survey job satisfaction among college student volunteers in Malaysia. A cross sectional survey was conducted among 310 college student volunteers from four regions of peninsular Malaysia. The participants were selected using stratified multistage sampling. Job satisfaction was measured using Job Descriptive Index (JDI).Results of the study revealed that job satisfaction in terms of colleague, leader/leadership, tasks, opportunities for promotion and overall job satisfaction were from moderate to high level. Mean for job satisfaction toward colleague was 43.16 (s.d = 6.63), leader/leadership 41.45 (s.d = 10.19), tasks 41.04 (s.d = 6.07), opportunities for promotion 33.26 (s.d = 10.88) and overall job satisfaction 158.90 (s.d = 25.55). Job satisfaction toward colleague was the highest mean meanwhile opportunities for promotion was the lowest. The implication of college student volunteer’s systems and practices are discussed. 
A Comparative Study of Quality of Life in Infertile and Fertile Women Referred to Jahrom Infertility Clinics
Authors: Parnian Razieh , Poorgholami Farzad , Parandavar Nehle , Jamali Safeih , Shakeri Fatemeh
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION: Infertility is a medical problem which influences all the dimensions of one’s individual and social life and can expose him/her to psycho-physical, socio-economic, sexual and family challenges. This study was designed to compare the quality of life of fertile and infertile women.

MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY: This is a case-control analytical study in which 180 fertile and infertile women (aged 18-42) participated. The infertile group consisted of women who had visited an infertility treatment clinic. The fertile group consisted of healthy women who had children and had visited a healthcare center in the city of Jahrom. For the case group (n=90), sampling was conducted based on the census method; for the control group (n=90), subjects were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire which had two sections: demographic information and the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHO QOL-BREF). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.

RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 28.26±4.85 years. 76.5% of the infertility cases were due to female infertility and 5.9% were due to male infertility. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the infertile and fertile groups in their overall satisfaction with life levels (p=0.002). There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean scores of somatic, psychological, social and environmental dimensions (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Considering the results of the present research, it seems that factors like acceptance of infertility by couples, hope for present medical solutions to be effective, use of support plans and recent advancements in technology are possible reasons for the absence of difference between the infertile and fertile groups in quality of life.
Understanding the Impact of Periodontal Status in Pre & Post-Menopausal Women with Generalized Chronic Periodontitis and Osteoporosis: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sultana Sameena
Published: August 2016

Chronic periodontitis and osteoporosis are two interconnected medical issues, which usually develops complications in the general public. However, public is mostly unaware of their periodontal status. The research study has aimed to understand the impact of periodontal status among pre and post-menopausal women, suffering from periodontitis and osteoporosis. A cross-section approach has been selected for data collection. 70 patients were selected from the outpatient department of SRM dental college in Chennai. SPSS version 20 has been used for statistical analysis. Postmenopausal women have shown statistically significant poor periodontal status as compared to premenopausal women. Similarly, it has also been evaluated that osteoporosis played a progressive role among postmenopausal women for developing periodontitis. The study leads to the conclusion that pre and post-menopausal women must undergo a periodontal assessment on a monthly basis for developing outcomes related to the risk of fractures. Parameters are closely connected with the levels of calcium according to the tests and assessments.
Evaluation of a Short Term Education Program in Rural Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gonzalez Mia , Nichols Cameron , Ashiofu Evelyn , Butler Patrick , Zink Christine , McNeil Christopher
Published: August 2016

Trachoma, a bacterial infection of the eye, remains the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Education programs help curb the spread of disease and several programs are student-led. This study evaluates a similar short-term education program focused on transmission and prevention of trachoma.A one-week education program was enacted by students from Texas focusing on prevention and transmission of trachoma. Populations included 30 members of an established women’s group and 89 elementary students in Aleto Wondo, Ethiopia. A pretest was administered to evaluate baseline knowledge of this illness. After program completion, a posttest was administered to evaluate changes in knowledge and, thereby, effectiveness of the education program.Survey results showed improvement in knowledge in both children and adults regarding the etiology of trachoma; average pretest to posttest scores improved from 48% to 74% correct in adolescents and from 57% to 90% correct in adults. Both groups showed improved knowledge regarding transmission of trachoma; average pretest to posttest scores improved from 39% to 95% correct in adolescents and from 34% to 83% correct in adults. The children showed improved knowledge regarding prevention of trachoma. However, we did not show a significant improvement in knowledge regarding prevention of trachoma in the adults.Our work shows that this education program can be effective in increasing knowledge and prevention of trachoma, particularly among children. We hope that our education program can set an example of successful educational intervention for other student-led trips to endemic areas around the world.
Premenstrual Syndrome and Spousal Social Support among Women in Isfahan City (Iran)
Authors: Rezaee Hajar , Amidi Mazaheri Maryam , Sadrhashemi Fatemeh
Published: August 2016

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common disorders in women known to cause impairment of daily function and relationships with others. This study was down to investigate the premenstrual syndrome, physical activity and spousal social support status among women in Isfahan city. This descriptive-analytical study was down in health centers of Isfahan city in Iran 2015. The study populations were 190 couples in reproductive age; symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and spousal social support information were collected by self-report questionnaires. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) criteria were used to diagnose PMS. Data were analyzed by SPSS20. According to the data 79.5% of women were diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome. Desirable spousal social support in premenstrual and during the period were obtained in 12.6% and 16.3% respectively. Considering the large number of women suffering from PMS and unfavorable situation of spousal social support, holding educational programs for women and men to deal better with this issue are recommended.
Gamification to Engage Clinicians in Registering Data: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Driessen Sara Renee Charlotte , Haazebroek Pascal , Basropansingh Wikanand , Van Zwet Erik W , Jansen Frank Willem
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of additional gamification elements in a web-based registry system in terms of engagement and involvement to register outcome data, and to determine if gamification elements have any effect on clinical outcomes.

METHODS: Randomized controlled trial for gynecologists to register their performed laparoscopic hysterectomies (LH) in an online application. Gynecologists were randomized for two types of registries. Both groups received access to the online application; after registering a procedure, direct individual feedback on surgical outcomes was provided by showing three proficiency graphs. In the intervention group, additionally gamification elements were shown. These gamification elements consisted of points and achievements that could be earned and insight in monthly collective scores. All gamification elements were based on positive enforcement.

RESULTS: A total of 71 gynecologists were randomized and entered a total of 1833 LH procedures. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of engagement and involvement on a 5-point Likert scale, respectively 2.34±0.87 versus 2.56±1.05 and 3.63±0.57 versus 3.33±1.03 for the intervention versus the control group (p>0.05). The intervention group showed longer operative time than the control group (108±42 vs. 101±34 minutes, p=0.04), no other differences were found in terms of surgical outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: The addition of gamification elements in a registry system did not enhance the engagement and involvement of clinicians to register their clinical data. Based on our results, we advise that registry systems for clinical data should be as simple as possible with the focus on the main goal of the registry.
HPV and the Development of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Khabaz Mohamad Nidal
Published: August 2016

Over the past two decades, many studies reported that around (20%) of the worldwide malignant tumors problem can be related to viral infections. Some publications recently have described a relationship between malignant colorectal tumors and human papilloma virus (HPV), but these findings are still debatable. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the existence of the genetic sequences and the proteins of HPV in the transformed cells of colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia. Extracted DNA from eighty three archival colorectal tumor samples were examined for HPV DNA types 16 and 18 and their protein products using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in addition to immunohistochemical staining. All colorectal cancer and control cases were found negative for both 16 and 18 HPV types by using PCR. Moreover, immunostaining did not detect any nuclear expression of HPV proteins in all examined cases. Our outcomes supports the statement that HPV is not engaged in the initiation and progression of colorectal carcinomas especially in the Western province of Saudi Arabia.
Factors Associated with Physical Activity among Medical Students of Jazan University: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elsawi Khalafalla Husam Eldin , Mahfouz Mohamed Salih , Ibrahim Najmi Muath Hassan , Mohammad Najmi Sayyaf Abdullah , Yahya Arishi Qasem Ali , Jeadar Madkhali Albaraa Mohammad , Mohammad Faris Nasser Mansour , Ali Najmi Ali Abdullah
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is one of the most important factors that affect human health; it reduces the chances of hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, breast and colon cancer, and depression.OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to measure prevalence of physical activity and to determine the factors affecting the level of physical activity among medical student in Jazan University.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of medical colleges of Jazan University. A random sample of 419 was determined using most recent physical activity prevalence. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.RESULTS: There is a high prevalence of inactivity among study participants (88.1%). Females (91.7%) were more significantly (p value=0.013) inactive than males (83.8%). The most influential barrier perceived by participants is (heavy) academic work as well as lack of places for physical activity; the latter factor being more effective in hindering female students' physical activity.CONCLUSION: Results revealed that the inactivity rate was very high among medical students. The results of this study call for a well-planned intervention at the university level for improving the level of physical activity among university students.
An Estimation of the Informal Economy in Morocco
Authors: Bourhaba Othmane , Mama Hamimida
Published: August 2016

The paper attempts to both measure the size of the informal economy in Morocco and knows its tendency through the MIMIC approach. We calculated the size of the informal economy during the period 1999-2015. Our estimates show that this hidden part of economy constitutes 42.9% of the official GDP in 2015, and also show that there is a growth and a positive tendency of the informal economy in Morocco. The rise of corruption, the growth of the rate of urbanization and the tax burden play a determinant role in the magnification of the informal sector in Morocco.
Peaceful Purposes? Governing the Military Uses of Outer Space
Authors: Freeland Steven
Published: August 2016

Peaceful Purposes? Governing the Military Uses of Outer Space

The development of satellite technology to enhance the exploration and use of outer space has continued at a rapid rate ever since the space age began in 1957. Satellites play a vital part of many aspects of daily life, and also with respect to the conduct of armed conflict. Most military leaders regard space-related technology as an integral element of their strategic battle platform. This reflects the changing technological nature of armed conflict, which challenges many aspects of international law, including the regulation of warfare. This is particularly the case with respect to the use of satellite technology. Moreover, the continuing development of this technology challenges the core of the ‘peaceful purposes’ doctrine that underpins the international regulation of outer space. This article discusses the application of the United Nations Space Treaties and the laws of war to the use of outer space during armed conflict and offers some reflections as to what is required to properly address the issue.
Space Debris Remediation, Its Regulation and the Role of Europe
Authors: Wouters Jan , De Man Philip , Hansen Rik
Published: August 2016

Space Debris Remediation, Its Regulation and the Role of Europe

Ever since the launch of the first space object, discarded bits and pieces ranging from disused payloads and spent upper stages to single bolts and tiny flakes of paint have been cluttering outer space, making valuable and widely used orbits and trajectories to and from earth increasingly unsafe for future use. The response of the international community to this immediate threat to the sustainable use of outer space has been slow and haphazard and remains limited to non-binding guidelines and technical recommendations for space debris mitigation. Recent events such as the 2007 Chinese ASAT test and the 2009 collision between an active American and an in-operational Russian communications satellite demonstrate that more needs to be done in order to develop a strong international regime on active debris remediation. Given the complexities of these issues and the lengthy nature of international negotiations, one should not expect a comprehensive legal regime for space debris mitigation and remediation to materialize any time soon. As it is in the own interest of its users to preserve outer space for future exploration and use, the regulation of debris mitigation by space agencies may well prove a valuable alternative as a starting point for binding remediation rules. Since new international initiatives in this respect are lacking, the present article looks at the various space actors in Europe and at the role some of them may play in developing global rules of space debris remediation.
Simultaneous Biodegradation of Phenol and n-Hexadecane by Cryogel Immobilized Biosurfactant Producing Strain Rhodococcus wratislawiensis BN38
Authors: HRISTOV ALEXANDER E. , CHRISTOVA NELLY E. , KABAIVANOVA LYUDMILA V. , NACHEVA LILYANA V. , STOINEVA IVANKA B. , PETROV PETAR D.
Published: August 2016

The capability of the biosurfactant-producing strain Rhodococcus wratislawiensis BN38 to mineralize both aromatic and aliphatic xeno- biotics was proved. During semicontinuous cultivation 11 g/l phenol was completely degraded within 22 cycles by Rhodococcus free cells. Immobilization in a cryogel matrix was performed for the first time to enhance the biodegradation at multiple use. A stable simultaneous hydrocarbon biodegradation was achieved until the total depletion of 20 g/l phenol and 20 g/l n-hexadecane (40 cycles). The alkanotrophic strain R. wratislawiensis BN38 preferably degraded hexadecane rather than phenol. SEM revealed well preserved cells entrapped in the heterogeneous super-macroporous structure of the cryogel which allowed unhindered mass transfer of xenobiotics. The immobilized strain can be used in real conditions for the treatment of contaminated industrial waste water.
Complex Biochemical Analysis of Fruiting Bodies from Newly Isolated Polish Flammulina velutipes Strains
Authors: OSIŃSKA-JAROSZUK MONIKA , JASZEK MAGDALENA , SULEJ JUSTYNA , STEFANIUK DAWID , URBANIAK MONIKA , SIWULSKI MAREK , JANUSZ GRZEGORZ
Published: August 2016

The present study examined Polish strains of Flamulina velutipes as a potential source of nutraceuticals and found that their nutritional value is dependent on the fruiting bodies gathering time. To prove the above hypothesis protein, carbohydrate and phenolic substances concentration were determined. Moreover, catalase, superoxide dismutase, cellobiose dehydrogenase activities were assayed. In order to prove the healing properties of Enoki fruiting bodies the obtained extracts were tested for antioxidant and bacteriostatic abilities. We have proved that Polish F. velutipes fruiting bodies may be a rich source of antioxidants and that they are capable of inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus growth.
Prevalence of Biofilm Formation and Wide Distribution of Virulence Associated Genes among Vibrio spp. Strains Isolated from the Monastir Lagoon, Tunisia
Authors: MECHRI BADREDDINE , MEDHIOUB AMEL , MEDHIOUB MOHAMED NEJIB , AOUNI MAHJOUB
Published: August 2016

In the current study, 65 Vibrio spp. were isolated from the Monastir lagoon water, were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. In addition, we looked for the presence of three Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence genes (tlh, trh and tdh) and ten Vibrio cholerae virulence genes (ctxA, vpi, zot, ace, toxR, toxT, tosS, toxRS, tcpA and cpP). We also investigated the antibiotic susceptibilities and the adherence ability of the identified strains to abiotic material and to biotic surfaces. The cytotoxicity activity against HeLa and Vero cell lines were also carried out for all tested strains. All Vibrio isolates were identified to the species level and produced several hydrolytic exoenzymes. The results also revealed that all strains were expressing high rates of resistance to tested antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values showed that tetracycline and chloramphenicol were the most effective antibiotics against the tested bacteria. Vibrio alginolyticus and V. cholerae species were the most adhesive strains to both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Besides, V. alginolyticus isolates has the high levels of recombination of genes encoding V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus virulence factors. In vitro cytotoxic activities of several Vibrio extracellular product were also observed among HeLa and Vero cells.
Le droit aux prestations d’assurance-emploi soumis à l’épreuve du processus d’appel. Les mécanismes de contestation avant et après la réforme de 2013
Authors: Corriveau Stéphan
Published: August 2016

Dans le cadre des deux lois omnibus adoptées à l’occasion du budget de 2012, le gouvernement fédéral a réformé le programme d’assurance-emploi. Si cette réforme s’inscrit dans la continuité des différentes réformes mises en oeuvre depuis 1990 qui ont successivement restreint les droits des assurés et des prestataires, elle s’est distinguée par l’ampleur des modifications apportées au processus de contestation des décisions de la Commission de l’assurance-emploi du Canada (CAEC). Ces derniers changements auront un impact sur la mise en oeuvre du droit aux prestations d’assurance-emploi, surtout que les règles de droit substantiel du programme lui-même ont changées simultanément. Le texte présente la nouvelle procédure et il analyse les effets de la réforme sous l’angle de l’accès à la justice et de l’équité procédurale. Ces deux concepts sont traités ici comme des notions socio-juridiques qui prennent en compte à la fois des facteurs juridique traditionnels comme l’indépendance et l’impartialité des décideurs, mais aussi des considérations telles que la littéracie des prestataires, la complexité des démarches, les délais et l’accès aux informations pertinentes ou encore le recours généralisé à la technologie (téléconférence, vidéoconférence, numérisation des documents, etc.). L’article conclut que le droit effectif aux prestations est restreint par le nouveau processus de contestation.
Travail cognitif, communication et gouvernance des relations de travail par les règles. Éléments d’analyse pour une « économie politique de la relation »
Authors: Dieuaide Patrick
Published: August 2016

Le présent article s’interroge sur les perspectives ouvertes par le programme de recherche développé dans le cadre de la revue Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales autour d’une « sociologie de la relation ». Mutatis mutandis, nous nous proposons de réfléchir à quelques propositions qui pourraient aider à cerner les contours de ce que l’on pourrait dénommer une « économie politique de la relation ». Pour ce faire, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à la place et au rôle de la communication dans les relations de travail dans les entreprises. Deux pistes de réflexion sont explorées : une première piste développe la notion de « travail cognitif » et souligne la diversité des modèles relationnels par lesquels la communication rend possible le rassemblement d’individus autour d’une vision partagée de l’organisation et de l’activité de travail. Cette réflexion conduit à caractériser la communication comme une activité productive de règles d’usage au fondement d’un agir collectif. Une seconde piste examine la question plus générale de la place et du rôle des règles dans la gouvernance des relations de travail au sein des entreprises. Les débats autour des dimensions implicite et explicite et des écarts entre la règle et son interprétation sont rappelés; de même l’opposition entre la dimension publique des règles développées au coeur des relations de travail et la dimension privée du contrôle et de son application par le management. Ces réflexions conduisent à proposer une approche élargie de la communication considérée comme le vecteur d’une relation d’ordre dans les savoirs et les apprentissages mobilisés dans le travail. L’article conclut brièvement les tensions que soulève cette forme de communication entre la liberté de jugement et d’action et les contraintes imposées aux niveaux de l’organisation et de la mise en oeuvre de l’activité de travail.
Quelle logique pour la complexité?
Authors: Duplan Yves Jamont JR
Published: August 2016

Nous qualifions d’orthodoxe tout type de logique qui repose entièrement sur l’axiomatique aristotélicienne, dite identitaire, et sur le principe de bivalence. Les logiques orthodoxes donnent lieu à un mode de raisonner analytique qui refuse la contradiction et dans lequel tout concept se distingue strictement et discrètement de tout autre concept.

Une manière de raisonner qui se veut une alternative à l’analytique est la dialectique. Celle-ci admet la contradiction comme principe fondamental. Dans le sillage de la dialectique, on trouve des systèmes logiques qui intègrent la contradiction, mais ont la particularité d’adopter le principe d’identité. Ce sont les logiques néo-orthodoxes formées de l’ensemble des logiques dites affaiblies, non triviales et paraconsistantes.

Eu égard aux phénomènes perçus complexes évoluant dans le temps et dans l’espace, nous remettons en question le caractère strictement absolu de l’identité et acceptons la contradiction comme forme particulière de la différenciation. Nous proposons trois principes de base pour établir une logique de la complexité : les principes d’idemité, de différentialité et de relationnalité. Ils n’excluent pas l’axiomatique aristotélicienne, mais reconnaissent sa pertinence seulement à un certain niveau d’abstraction. De plus, nous esquissons un modèle de différenciation des propositions ou énoncés en fonction de leurs valeurs de vérité.
Au sein du foyer : une analyse relationnelle des interactions entre les membres d’une famille
Authors: Jalbert Paul
Published: August 2016

Le débat sur les théories de l’action et la modélisation relationnelle quant à sa capacité à comprendre les interactions entre individus est encore animé. Malgré les nombreux travaux scientifiques déjà réalisés qui démontrent que les théories de l’action ne sont pas de bons outils pour comprendre les interactions et que la modélisation relationnelle leur est supérieure, la notion d’un acteur intéressé guidé par son intention persiste. Cependant, la vérification en milieu naturel n’a pas encore eu lieu. Un travail de recherche a été effectué pour répondre à cette critique. Une saisie audiovisuelle a eu lieu auprès de cinq familles canadiennes au cours d’une semaine dans leur foyer. L’analyse de ces données montre que dans seulement 13,1 % des propos on a pu repérer une intention. Dans 9,3 % des propos, cette intention émerge de la dynamique en cours alors que dans seulement 3,8 % des propos observe-t-on que l’intention précède l’échange. Dans 2,3 % des propos, nous observons une non-intégration de l’information avec le discours qui a lieu et cette statistique diminue à 0,4 % des propos lorsqu’une nouvelle information entre en jeu. Ces résultats démontrent clairement que l’intention n’est pas le facteur absolu d’explication des interactions entre les membres d’une famille captées en milieu naturel, ce qui est conforme aux recherches antérieures.
Anthropocentrisme et sciences de l’humain
Authors: Laflamme Simon
Published: August 2016

Le postulat d’un acteur rationnel, autonome, conscient, intentionnel et intéressé a maintes fois été dénoncé, notamment par les approches relationnelles. Les critiques ont rappelé l’importance de l’inconscient et de l’émotion dans la psyché humaine, l’impossibilité de comprendre l’action humaine en dehors d’un rapport aux structures sociales, le caractère illégitime d’une subjectivité qui délibère de façon monadique. À elles seules, ces critiques auraient dû évacuer depuis longtemps l’axiomatique rationalisante. Pourtant, cette axiomatique ne perd rien de sa vigueur; elle continue à dominer les modélisations en sciences humaines. La question se pose de savoir comment elle fait pour s’éterniser. Il faut bien qu’elle justifie son existence.

Dans un travail récent, nous avons repéré sept manières par lesquelles les spécialistes des sciences humaines parviennent à légitimer cette axiomatique, qui est au mieux une demi-vérité (NPSS, 2015). Or, aucune de ces justifications ne représente réellement une réponse à la critique relationnelle. Et si l’on peut relever ces justifications et montrer qu’elles n’en sont pas réellement, c’est forcément qu’il y a quelque chose de sécurisant pour les spécialistes des sciences humaines à rester sourds à ces démonstrations.

Notre intention, dans ce texte, est de mettre en évidence cet aspect sécurisant des modélisations rationalisantes et ce qu’il y a de terrifiant dans les autres, qu’il s’agisse de celles qui n’ont pas d’acteur rationnel ou de celles qui ne se fondent pas sur l’acteur en lui-même. Nous montrons que les sciences humaines sont attachées à un anthropocentrisme qui nuit à leur aptitude à produire de l’abstraction, que cet anthropocentrisme est beaucoup plus un idéalisme que le résultat d’une analyse, ce qui accentue la difficulté à générer des abstractions opérationnalisables, et même à donner cours à un relationalisme empirique dans lequel les échanges ne seraient pas que les rapports entre les acteurs sociaux. Nous montrons en outre que l’anthropocentrisme agit comme obstacle au relationalisme dès lors que cette approche veut s’élever dans l’ordre de l’abstraction pour générer de la science de l’humain.
Overall energy conversion efficiency of a photosynthetic vesicle
Authors: Sener Melih , Strumpfer Johan , Singharoy Abhishek , Hunter C Neil , Schulten Klaus
Published: August 2016

The chromatophore of purple bacteria is an intracellular spherical vesicle that exists in numerous copies in the cell and that efficiently converts sunlight into ATP synthesis, operating typically under low light conditions. Building on an atomic-level structural model of a low-light-adapted chromatophore vesicle from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, we investigate the cooperation between more than a hundred protein complexes in the vesicle. The steady-state ATP production rate as a function of incident light intensity is determined after identifying quinol turnover at the cytochromebc1complex (cytb⁢c1) as rate limiting and assuming that the quinone/quinol pool of about 900 molecules acts in a quasi-stationary state. For an illumination condition equivalent to 1% of full sunlight, the vesicle exhibits an ATP production rate of 82 ATP molecules/s. The energy conversion efficiency of ATP synthesis at illuminations corresponding to 1%–5% of full sunlight is calculated to be 0.12–0.04, respectively. The vesicle stoichiometry, evolutionarily adapted to the low light intensities in the habitat of purple bacteria, is suboptimal for steady-state ATP turnover for the benefit of protection against over-illumination.
Effects of active region design on gain and carrier injection and transport of CW

semipolar InGaN laser diodes
Authors: Becerra Daniel L. , Cohen Daniel A. , Farrell Robert M. , DenBaars Steven P. , Nakamura Shuji
Published: August 2016

High-power CW semipolar

laser diodes (LDs) were studied. Improved efficiencies (threshold, differential, and wall plug) were observed when the number of quantum wells (QWs) in the active region was reduced from 4 to 2. Threshold current densities as low as 2.6 kA/cm2 were obtained. The differential efficiency of a 5 µm wide by 1200 µm long LD with a 2-QW active region was 54% and the wall plug efficiency was 11%. Experimental and analytical analyses of the devices suggested carrier leakage from an ineffective electron-blocking layer, providing an explanation for the high voltage observed in all the devices.
Is Ultrasonography More Sensitive Than Computed Tomography for Identifying Calcifications in Thyroid Nodules?
Authors: Li Jia-wei , Chang Cai , Chen Min , Zeng Wei , Gao Yi , Zhou Shi-chong , Wang Fen , Hu Na , Chen Ya-ling
Published: August 2016

Objectives

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the difference and agreement between ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) for identifying calcifications in thyroid nodules.

Methods

Data from the medical records of 20,248 patients were reviewed for preoperative diagnostic investigations and postoperative pathologic diagnoses. In total, 5247 records were selected for analysis based on the presence of calcifications reported in any of the following 3 modes: US, CT, and pathologic analysis. All 5247 patients underwent US examinations, whereas 3827 underwent cervical CT examinations. All patients had a postoperative pathologic diagnosis serving as a reference. The value of US for identification of calcifications and prediction of malignancy was analyzed on the basis of the entire cohort of 5247 records, whereas that of CT was based on 3827 records. The agreement between US and CT was analyzed on the basis of the 3827 common records.

Results

Of the 5247 patients who underwent US, 4855 (92.5%) were found to have calcifications, whereas of the 3827 patients who underwent CT, 2040 (53.3%) were found to have calcifications (P < .0005). Among the 404 cases with calcifications reported by pathologic analysis, the agreement rate between US and pathologic findings was significantly higher than that between CT and pathologic findings (87.9% versus 81.9%, respectively; P = .018).

Conclusions

US is more sensitive and accurate than CT for detecting calcifications in thyroid nodules. Hence, US is recommended as the preferred imaging modality for calcification detection in thyroid nodules.
Ultrasound‐Guided Ureteral Stent Removal in Women
Authors: Gadzhiev Nariman , Brovkin Sergei , Grigoryev Vladislav , Dmitriev Vladimir , Korol Valeriy , Shkarupa Dmitry , Pisarev Aleksei , Tagirov Nair , Malkhasyan Vigen , Semeniakin Igor , Khromov-Borisov Nikita , Petrov Sergei
Published: August 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, comfortable, and safe method of ureteral stent removal in women.

Methods

From February 2014 to July 2015, a retrospective multicenter controlled study including 82 female outpatients was conducted. The control group was composed of 46 patients who underwent stent removal using a 22F cystoscope. The experimental group was composed of 36 patients who underwent stent removal under ultrasound guidance with a 15F spiral‐ending device. Exclusion criteria were pelvic organ prolapse quantification stage II or higher and complicated stents (with migration or encrustation).

Results

All studied patients had successful ureteral stent removal. No complications were seen in both groups. Differences between mean visual analog pain scale scores and stent removal durations were statistically significant in favor of the experimental group (P = .0077 and .0075, respectively).

Conclusions

The proposed method for ureteral stent removal in women under ultrasound guidance was shown to be faster and to have lower visual analog pain scale scores, in comparison with removal by a cystoscope, which makes it an attractive option for outpatient urologic praxis in uncomplicated cases, and because it is free of the risk of ionizing radiation and more comfortable, it can be used in pregnant patients.
Color Doppler Imaging of the Appendix
Authors: Xu Yingding , Jeffrey R. Brooke , Shin Lewis K. , DiMaio Michael A. , Olcott Eric W.
Published: August 2016

Objectives

To test the hypothesis that continuous intramural vascular signal measuring at least 3 mm on color Doppler imaging is highly specific for appendicitis in patients with diagnostically borderline‐size appendices.

Methods

Two blinded observers independently reviewed color Doppler images of the appendix in 94 consecutive patients who had undergone sonography for suspected appendicitis and whose appendices were of diagnostically borderline size (6–8 mm maximum outer diameter). Intramural vascular flow on color Doppler images was classified as absent, type 1 (only punctate and dispersed signal), or type 2 (continuous linear or curvilinear signal measuring at least 3.0 mm in long‐ or short‐axis views). Histopathologic examination and clinical follow‐up served as reference standards. Proportions were assessed by the exact binomial test.

Results

Of the 94 patients, 33 (35.1%) had type 1 flow (of whom 5 [15.2%] had appendicitis); 23 (24.5%) had type 2 flow (of whom 20 [87.0%] had appendicitis); and 38 (40.4%) had absent flow (of whom 10 [26.3%] had appendicitis). The sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio of type 2 flow as an indicator of appendicitis were 57.1%, 94.9%, and 24.9 (P< .001), respectively; the corresponding values for type 1 flow as an indicator of normal appendices were and 47.5%, 85.7%, and 5.4 (P = .002).

Conclusions

Continuous intramural linear or curvilinear signal measuring at least 3 mm on color Doppler imaging is a highly specific, although relatively insensitive, sign of acute appendicitis in noncompressible appendices of diagnostically borderline size (6–8 mm).
Using the Fuzzy Delphi Method to Apply a Model of Knowledge Transfer through International Strategic Alliances in Up-Stream Oil and Gas Sectors
Authors: Kimiagari Salman , Keivanpour Samira , Al-Azad Md Samim , Mohiuddin Muhammad
Published: August 2016

The upstream petroleum industry includes associated service businesses such as seismic and drilling contractors, service rig operators, engineering firms and various scientific, technical service and supply companies. These extremely high-tech activities require the continuous inflow of knowledge and technologies for reconfiguring and rebuilding capabilities that fit with the continuous changes in the marketplace for sustaining a competitive advantage. To that end, infrastructures and policy orientations are required to create a conducive environment for knowledge transfer (KT) to enhance knowledge capability. This paper aims to explore how strategic alliances lead to KT that enhances organizational capabilities. We analyze the case of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) to test the fuzzy Delphi model (FDM) framework. We develop a conceptual framework establishing the link between the strategic alliances (SA) and their facilitators for developing the knowledge capabilities of upstream oil and gas companies. We tested the proposed model using FDM to show how international strategic alliances (ISA) in the upstream oil and gas sector transfer knowledge and have positive effects on developing the NIOC’s knowledge capability. Positive outcomes include knowledge acquisition from partners, developing knowledge management techniques and facilitating the implementation of knowledge-based structure, developing high-tech production and exploration methods, increasing investment in innovation, and developing human resources and information technology uses.

Keywords: Knowledge Transfer, Upstream Oil and Gas Sector, International Strategic Alliances, Emerging Countries

To cite this document: Salman Kimiagari, Samira Keivanpour, Md. Samim Al-Azad, and Muhammad Mohiuddin, "Using the Fuzzy Delphi Method to Apply a Model of Knowledge Transfer through International Strategic Alliances in Up-Stream Oil and Gas Sectors", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 409-428, 2015.

Permanent link to this document:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.13183