bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Indicators Of Burnished Surface Evaluation – Reasons Of Application
Authors: Toboła Daniel , Rusek Piotr , Czechowski Kazimierz , Miller Tatiana , Duda Krzysztof
Published: June 2015

Modern production technology requires new ways of surface examination and a special kind of surface profile parameters. Industrial quality inspection needs to be fast, reliable and inexpensive. In this paper it is shown how stochastic surface examination and its proper parameters could be a solution for many industrial problems not necessarily related with smoothing out a manufactured surface. Burnishing is a modern technology widely used in aircraft and automotive industries to the products as well as to process tools. It gives to the machined surface high smoothness, and good fatigue and wear resistance. Every burnished material behaves in a different manner. Process conditions strongly influence the final properties of any specific product. Optimum burnishing conditions should be preserved for any manufactured product. In this paper we deal with samples made of conventional tool steel – Sverker 21 (X153CrMoV12) and powder metallurgy (P/M) tool steel – Vanadis 6. Complete investigations of product properties are impossible to perform (because of constraints related to their cost, time, or lack of suitable equipment). Looking for a global, all-embracing quality indicator it was found that the correlation function and the frequency analysis of burnished surface give useful information for controlling the manufacturing process and evaluating the product quality. We propose three new indicators of burnishing surface quality. Their properties and usefulness are verified with the laboratory measurement of material samples made of the two mentioned kinds of tool steel.
Noise Properties Of Thick-Film Conducting Lines For Integrated Inductors
Authors: Stadler Adam Witold , Kolek Andrzej , Mleczko Krzysztof , Zawiślak Zbigniew , Dziedzic Andrzej , Nowak Damian
Published: June 2015

Studies of noise properties of thick-film conducting lines from Au or PdAg conductive pastes on LTCC or alumina substrates are reported. Experiments have been carried out at the room temperature on samples prepared in the form of meanders by traditional screen-printing or laser-shaping technique. Due to a low resistance of the devices under test (DUTs), low-frequency noise spectra have been measured for the dc-biased samples arranged in a bridge configuration, transformer-coupled to a low-noise amplifier. The detailed analysis of noise sources in the signal path and its transfer function, including the transformer, has been carried out, and a procedure for measurement setup self-calibration has been described. The 1/f noise component originating from resistance fluctuations has been found to be dominant in all DUTs. The analysis of experimental data leads to the conclusion that noise is produced in the bends of meanders rather than in their straight segments. It occurs that noise of Au-based laser-shaped lines is significantly smaller than screen-printed ones. PdAg lines have been found more resistive but simultaneously less noisy than Au-based lines.
Roughness Parameters Calculation By Means Of On-Line Vibration Monitoring Emerging From AWJ Interaction With Material
Authors: Hreha Pavol , Radvanska Agata , Knapcikova Lucia , Królczyk Grzegorz M. , Legutko Stanisław , Królczyk Jolanta B. , Hloch Sergej , Monka Peter
Published: June 2015

The paper deals with a study of relations between the measured Ra, Rq, Rz surface roughness parameters, the traverse speed of cutting head v and the vibration parameters, PtP, RMS, vRa, generated during abrasive water jet cutting of the AISI 309 stainless steel. Equations for prediction of the surface roughness parameters were derived according to the vibration parameter and the traverse speed of cutting head. Accuracy of the equations is described according to the Euclidean distances. The results are suitable for an on-line control model simulating abrasive water jet cutting and machining using an accompanying physical phenomenon for the process control which eliminates intervention of the operator.
Genetic Vulnerability as a Distal Risk Factor for Suicidal Behaviour: Historical Perspective And Current Knowledge / Genetska Ranljivost Kot Oddaljen Dejavnik Tveganja Za Samomorilno Vedenje: Zgodovinski Vidik In Znanje Danes
Authors: Andriessen Karl , Videtic-Paska Alja
Published: June 2015

Introduction. Suicide is a multidimensional problem. Observations of family history of suicide suggest the existence of a genetic vulnerability to suicidal behaviour.

Aim. Starting with a historical perspective, the article reviews current knowledge of a genetic vulnerability to suicidal behaviour, distinct from the genetic vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, focused on clinical and population-based studies, and findings from recent molecular genetics association studies.

Method. The review includes peer-reviewed research articles and review papers from the professional literature in English language, retrieved from PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO.

Results. The research literature confirms a existence of a genetic vulnerability to suicidal behaviour. Even though the results of individual studies are difficult to compare, genetic influences could explain up to half of the variance of the occurrence of suicide.

Conclusion. Genetic vulnerability could be a distal risk factor for suicide, which helps us to understand the occurrence of suicide among vulnerable people. Ethical implications of such vulnerability are highlighted.
Social Media in Banking. A Managerial Perception from Mexico
Authors: Dănăiaţă Doina , Margea Camelia , Kirakosyan Kristine , Negovan Ana-Maria
Published: June 2015

Nowadays social media has a radical impact on the business world, becoming a great customer service tool across many industries. And banking is no exception. Thus, banks managers need to identify ways to make profitable use of the social media. By accepting the benefits and developing their presence in social media, banks will be closer to customers. The objective of our research is to study social media usage in the banking industry and to obtain a managerial view concerning barriers and challenges in the social media implementation process. From the research of the literature in the field, we observed that Social media was studied a lot from the customers’ point of view, but there are not many studies on social media from a managerial point of view. This article presents a part of our research results regarding social media usage in banking in different regions of the world, specifically, the Mexican banking sector. We conducted a qualitative research based on interviews carried on among 20 banks from Mexico. The goal was to see how the decision factors in banks perceive the social media usage for their institution and for the banking industry, in general. The study focuses on the barriers and challenges raised by the existence and usage of social media platforms. The findings revealed an important presence of the Mexican bank industry in social media areas, but with a lot of room for extending the banks’ presence in new Social Media platforms, and different degrees regarding the perception of barriers and challenges in adopting Social Media tools.
Über die Herstellung von Si32 durch einen (t,p)-Prozeß
Authors: Geithoff D.
Published: June 2015

Mit Tritonen aus dem Li6(n, t)He4-Prozeß wurde über die Reaktion Si30(t, p)Si32 das bisher wenig bekannte langlebige Nuklid Si32 hergestellt. Die Identität des Nuklids konnte mittels der Abtrennung und Identifizierung der Tochter P32 und durch den Tochteranstieg im radiochemisch gereinigten Si32-Präparat nachgewiesen werden. Durch Vergleich der Bildungswahrscheinlichkeiten für die Reaktionen Mg2(t, p) Mg28 und Si30(t, p)Si32 wurde die Halbwertszeit des Si32 zu 650 Jahren bestimmt.
Phase Independence of Major Reaction Mechanisms of Recoil Carbon Atoms1
Authors: Mackay Colin , Wolfgang Richard
Published: June 2015

The reactions of recoil carbon with ethylene, ethylene oxide, and isobutane are compared in the gaseous and condensed states. Remarkably little phase dependence of the products of these reactions is found. The results show that there is little if any contribution from mechanisms involving reactions of the carbon atom with radical debris produced in its recoil track. Instead the reactions by which recoil carbon enters combination seem quite analogous to those of similar reactive species (such as CH2) produced by more conventional means. The detailed reaction mechanisms previously proposed for reactions of atomic carbon with gaseous hydrocarbons, C-Η and C=C bond insertions, also appear dominant in the condensed phases. The small changes with phase that are observed are consistent with the expected action of a solvent cage in promoting the de-excitation or secondary reaction of unstable intermediates produced by the insertion reactions
Diffusion of Pu in U02
Authors: Schmitz F. , Lindner R.
Published: June 2015

The diffusion of 239Pu in sintered pellets of UO2 (density 10.6) has been measured with the methods of α radiation absorption and sectioning. The temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient is represented by the equation: D = 0.34 exp (-97300 ± 4100/RT) cm2 sec-1.

Comparison has been made with the self-diffusion of Uranium by a new technique of differential diffusion measurements. It results that the activation energy for Plutonium diffusion is 6.0 kcals less than that of Uranium diffusion.
The Gas Phase Radiolysis of Ethyl Chloride
Authors: Schindler Ralph N.
Published: June 2015

Ethyl chloride has been bombarded with 2.8 MeV electrons in the gas phase. The main radicals produced in the primary chemical event are monochloroethyl and ethyl with the corresponding fragments. Their major reactions during radiolysis include:

CI· + C2H5Cl → HCl + C2H4C1 (1)

C2H5· + HCl → C2H6 + CI· (2)

2C2H5· → C4H10 (3)

C2H5· + C2H4Cl· → C4H2Cl (4)

2C2H4Cl· → C4H8Cl2 (5)

The rate constant has been determined to be 1.92 ̅± 0.2.

Disproportionation reactions of chloroethyl radicals were found negligible. In addition, ethylene, acetylene, vinyl chloride, and hydrogen, in part, are formed by molecular elimination reactions. The molecular processes account for roughly half of all primary reactions observed.
Solubility Product of Tetravalent Plutonium Hydroxide and Study of the Amphoteric Character of Hexavalent Plutonium Hydroxide
Authors: Pérez-Bustamante J. A.
Published: June 2015

The solubility dependence of Pu(OH)4 as a function of the p n of diluted equilibrating perchloric acid solutions has been studied by covering a wide interval of ps- From the experimental solubility data obtained and some theoretical implications, an attempt has been made to conciliate the extrapolated, experimentally found thermodynamic solubility product with DEBYE-HÜCKELS theory on ionic effects to account for the variations observed of the apparent solubility product throughout the different experiments carried out. The study of the apparent solubility product as a function of the ionic force has evidenced the existence of important discontinuities, which have been tentatively referred to a number of hypothesis based on the variation of the ionic activities of the present species, and on the impurities characterized in the precipitate systematically used as the starting material throughout this work. Some other interesting features of Pu (OH)! connected with this investigation have been studied in detail. Since the analysis of the precipitate employed has evidenced the presence of some percent amounts of plutonyl hydroxide, a study of the amphoteric characteristics of this species could be undertaken simultaneously. The method used for the calculation of the instability constant of the amphoteric process involved has been described in detail. A single ion-exchange experiment has been carried out with the aim of getting some information on the state of plutonium in very diluted aqueous solutions.
Austauschadsorption von Kationen an TiO2 · aq
Authors: Levi H. W.
Published: June 2015

Die Austauschadsorption von Cs- und Sr-Ionen an reinstem Titandioxidhydrat wird untersucht. Die Herstellung des TiO2 · aq erfolgt durch Hydrolyse von Orthotitansäuretetraäthylester.

Bei der Bestimmung der Austauschkapazität des TiO2 · aq durch Titration mit CsOH oder Sr(OH)2 werden je nach den Versuchsbedingungen ein, zwei oder drei Wendepunkte erhalten, die den Kapazitäten 0,1, 0,2 und 0,3 g-Atom Metallion pro Mol TiO2 · aq entsprechen. Aus trägerfreien Radionuklidlösungen wird Sr bei jedem p
H-Wert zwischen 5 und 12 stärker adsorbiert als Cs. Die Cs-Adsorption wird durch Anwesenheit anderer einwertiger Kationen zurückgedrängt. Dabei verhalten sich die Ionenaktivitäten, die die Cs- Adsorption in gleichem Maße beeinflussen, wie Cs : Κ : Na : Li : N(CH3)4 = 1 : 2,2 : 12,5 : 37 : 490. Die Adsorption von Cs kann quantitativ als Cs-H-Austausch beschrieben werden. Sr wird offenbar teilweise als einwertiges und teilweise als zweiwertiges Ion eingetauscht. Unter dieser Voraussetzung kann auch die Sr-Adsorption als Sr-H-Austausch gedeutet werden. Bei konstantem p
H-Wert kann die Austauschadsorption an TiO2 ・ aq durch die Langmuir’sche Adsorptionsisotherme beschrieben werden.
Reactions of Energetic Carbon Atoms in Methylamine
Authors: Cacace Fulvio , Stöcklin Gerhard
Published: June 2015

The reactions of recoiling carbon atoms produced via the 14N (p, α) 11C process have been studied in gaseous and liquid methylamine, with and without scavenger. The product forming mechanisms in this system seem to follow the general pattern of the chemistry of energetic carbon atoms in simple hydrocarbons. The major products resulting from fragmentation of excited intermediates are acetylene and ethylene. As expected ethylamine and dimethylamine are found as the synthesis products. A small yield of acetonitrile, which remains unaffected by the presence of scavenger or the change of phase, is also found.

In agreement with the deexcitation-fragmentation hypothesis the yield of the fragmentation products acetylene and ethylene decreases while the yield of the synthesis products ethylamine and dimethylamine increases in the condensed phases. The formation of the products is explained on the basis of insertion reactions. From comparison of the acetylene and ethylene yields in methylamine with those in the ethane system it seems that C-Η bonds are much more reactive towards insertion reactions than N-H bonds. Whether this is due to a lower reaction probability or to a more easily stabilized intermediate cannot be decided on the basis of the present evidence. Furthermore, the comparison with alkane systems shows no effect of the "leaving group" on the postulated acetylene and ethylene producing fragmentation process. It is suggested that the formation of acetonitrile takes place via decomposition of an excited ethyleneimine molecule, since the activity is equally distributed between the two carbon atoms.
The Roles of Style in George Campbell's Sermon on The Nature, Extent, and Importance of the Duty of Allegiance
Authors: Verkruyse Peter A.
Published: June 2015

While George Campbell's Philosophy of Rhetoric is widely recognized as one of the most influential treatises in the history of rhetoric, little critical attention has been paid to one of his most famous sermons: "The Nature, Extent, and Importance of the Duty of Allegiance." Delivered on December 12, 1776, "being the fast day appointed by the King on account of the rebellion in America," this sermon exemplifies a key contention in Campbell's Philosophy of Rhetoric—that the species of rhetoric "calculated to influence the will, and persuade us to a certain conduct" is "that artful mixture" of "the argumentative and the pathetic incorporated together" (2–4). Taking its cue from the importance of style in Campbell's conception of rhetoric, this essay examines the significant role played by style in both the argumentative and pathetic dimensions of Campbell's sermon and reminds us that rhetorical theories have historically been conceived as means of managing social tensions and the uncertainties within which they arise.
Placental changes caused by food restriction during early pregnancy in mice are reversible
Authors: Harper Jennifer L , Caesar Gerialisa A , Pennington Kathleen A , Davis J Wade , Schulz Laura Clamon
Published: June 2015

In a previous study, 50% calorie restriction in mice from d1.5 to 11.5 of pregnancy resulted in reduced placental weights and areas, relativel sparing of labyrinth zone area compared to junctional zone area, and dramatic changes in global gene expression profiles. However, little lasting effect was seen on adult offspring of these pregnancies, with a slight reduction in adiposity in males and some changes in liver gene expression in both sexes. The goals of the present study were to determine whether the placental changes induced by caloric restriction in early pregnancy had permanent, irreversible effects on the placenta, and whether the changes in liver gene expression in adult offspring were present before birth. There were no differences in placental weights or areas, or the areas of individual placental zones near term in mice that had previously been food restricted. Global gene expression profiles at d18.5 were indistinguishable in placentas from control and previously food-restricted mothers. In fetuses from restricted dams at d18.5, liver expression of Gck, a key regulator of glycogen synthesis, was reduced, whereas its expression was increased in livers from adult offspring of restricted dams. Ppara expression was also reduced in fetal livers from restricted dams at d18.5, but not in adult offspring livers. We conclude that alterations in the placenta caused by nutrient restriction in early pregnancy are reversible, and that alterations in gene expression in livers of adult offspring are not a result of changes initiated during pregnancy and maintained through adulthood.
Drosophila Hook-Related Protein (Girdin) Is Essential for Sensory Dendrite Formation
Authors: Ha Andrew , Polyanovsky Andrey , Avidor-Reiss Tomer
Published: June 2015

The dendrite of the sensory neuron is surrounded by support cells and is composed of two specialized compartments: the inner segment and the sensory cilium. How the sensory dendrite is formed and maintained is not well understood. Hook-related proteins (HkRP) like Girdin, DAPLE, and Gipie are actin-binding proteins, implicated in actin organization and in cell motility. Here, we show that the Drosophila melanogaster single member of the Hook-related protein family, Girdin, is essential for sensory dendrite formation and function. Mutations in girdin were identified during a screen for fly mutants with no mechanosensory function. Physiological, morphological, and ultrastructural studies of girdin mutant flies indicate that the mechanosensory neurons innervating external sensory organs (bristles) initially form a ciliated dendrite that degenerates shortly after, followed by the clustering of their cell bodies. Importantly, we observed that Girdin is expressed transiently during dendrite morphogenesis in three previously unidentified actin-based structures surrounding the inner segment tip and the sensory cilium. These actin structures are largely missing in girdin mutant. Defects in cilia are observed in other sensory organs such as those mediating olfaction and taste, suggesting that Girdin has a general role in forming sensory dendrites in Drosophila. These suggest that Girdin functions temporarily within the sensory organ and that this function is essential for the formation of the sensory dendrites via actin structures.
Cognition and Brain Structure Following Early Childhood Surgery With Anesthesia
Authors: Backeljauw Barynia , Holland Scott K. , Altaye Mekibib , Loepke Andreas W.
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND:

Anesthetics induce widespread cell death, permanent neuronal deletion, and neurocognitive impairment in immature animals, raising substantial concerns about similar effects occurring in young children. Epidemiologic studies have been unable to sufficiently address this concern, in part due to reliance on group-administered achievement tests, inability to assess brain structure, and limited control for confounders.

METHODS:

We compared healthy participants of a language development study at age 5 to 18 years who had undergone surgery with anesthesia before 4 years of age (n = 53) with unexposed peers (n = 53) who were matched for age, gender, handedness, and socioeconomic status. Neurocognitive assessments included the Oral and Written Language Scales and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WAIS) or WISC, as appropriate for age. Brain structural comparisons were conducted by using T1-weighted MRI scans.

RESULTS:

Average test scores were within population norms, regardless of surgical history. However, compared with control subjects, previously exposed children scored significantly lower in listening comprehension and performance IQ. Exposure did not lead to gross elimination of gray matter in regions previously identified as vulnerable in animals. Decreased performance IQ and language comprehension, however, were associated with lower gray matter density in the occipital cortex and cerebellum.

CONCLUSIONS:

The present findings suggest that general anesthesia for a surgical procedure in early childhood may be associated with long-term diminution of language abilities and cognition, as well as regional volumetric alterations in brain structure. Although causation remains unresolved, these findings nonetheless warrant additional research into the phenomenon’s mechanism and mitigating strategies.
Risk Factors for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection and Renal Scarring
Authors: Keren Ron , Shaikh Nader , Pohl Hans , Gravens-Mueller Lisa , Ivanova Anastasia , Zaoutis Lisa , Patel Melissa , deBerardinis Rachel , Parker Allison , Bhatnagar Sonika , Haralam Mary Ann , Pope Marcia , Kearney Diana , Sprague Bruce , Barrera Raquel , Viteri Bernarda , Egigueron Martina , Shah Neha , Hoberman Alejandro
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVES:

To identify risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal scarring in children who have had 1 or 2 febrile or symptomatic UTIs and received no antimicrobial prophylaxis.

METHODS:

This 2-year, multisite prospective cohort study included 305 children aged 2 to 71 months with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) receiving placebo in the RIVUR (Randomized Intervention for Vesicoureteral Reflux) study and 195 children with no VUR observed in the CUTIE (Careful Urinary Tract Infection Evaluation) study. Primary exposure was presence of VUR; secondary exposures included bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD), age, and race. Outcomes were recurrent febrile or symptomatic urinary tract infection (F/SUTI) and renal scarring.

RESULTS:

Children with VUR had higher 2-year rates of recurrent F/SUTI (Kaplan-Meier estimate 25.4% compared with 17.3% for VUR and no VUR, respectively). Other factors associated with recurrent F/SUTI included presence of BBD at baseline (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.07 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09–3.93]) and presence of renal scarring on the baseline 99mTc-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid scan (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.88 [95% CI: 1.22–6.80]). Children with BBD and any degree of VUR had the highest risk of recurrent F/SUTI (56%). At the end of the 2-year follow-up period, 8 (5.6%) children in the no VUR group and 24 (10.2%) in the VUR group had renal scars, but the difference was not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio: 2.05 [95% CI: 0.86–4.87]).

CONCLUSIONS:

VUR and BBD are risk factors for recurrent UTI, especially when they appear in combination. Strategies for preventing recurrent UTI include antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment of BBD.
Quality characterization of Andean blackberry fruits (Rubus glaucus Benth.) in different maturity stages in Antioquia
Authors: Carvalho Catarina Pedro , Betancour Jorge Andrés
Published: June 2015

Product quality and safety are two essential characteristics for the fruit market, making it necessary to normalize and standardize processes in order to improve their commercialization. In this study, the quality of two Andean blackberry cultivars grown in two regions of Antioquia (Envigado and Guarne), Colombia, from different maturity stages as defined by the Norma Tecnica Colombiana 7146 (NTC Spanish) was characterized. The parameters that were found suitable for the fruit quality characterization were: weight, total solid soluble content (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), maturity index (MI), color index (CI) and firmness (F). The equatorial diameter (ED) maintained its importance relative to the standard and the market, along with the juice yield (JY). The quotient a*/b* presented the best correlation with the visual color scale as defined in the standard. The TSS ranges defined in NTC 4106 were not verified in this studied for fruits grown in the agro-climatic conditions of Antioquia. Linear regression models are a useful tool for making quick and easy comparisons and estimations of the quality parameters. As a general recommendation, we propose the following minimal requirements for harvesting Andean blackberries in the Antioquia region of Colombia for the domestic fresh market: > class I, CI > 3, MI (citric acid) ≥ 2.5, JY ≥ 35%, size (diameter and/or weight) established by the market or NTC; for the export market: class supreme, 2 < CI < 3, MI (citric acid) ≥ 1.5, JY ≥ 35%, F > 0,6 N, size (weight and/or diameter) established by the importer; and for the processing industry: class II, CI > 3, ºBrix > 6, JY > 40%.
Metabolites produced by antagonistic microbes inhibit the principal avocado pathogens in vitro
Authors: Ramírez R. Sara , Arias M. Julián David , Bedoya Juan Carlos , Rueda L. Ever Antoni , Sánchez Claudia Yaneth , Granada G. Sinar David
Published: June 2015

The demand for Hass avocado in the global market exceeds the supply by over 50%. Colombia has a remarkable advantage as a producer in the region due to its high yields. However, the productivity of this crop can be seriously affected by diseases such as root rot, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi,  postharvest body rot and stem end rot, caused by Colletotrichum sp. and Phomopsis sp., respectively. The potential of 76 bacterial isolates obtained from avocado rhizosphere to produce inhibitory metabolites against avocado´s pathogens was evaluated. The antagonistic effect of the rhizobacteria against P. cinnamomi, Colletotrichum sp. and Phomopsis sp. was tested through dual cultures. Thirty-six percent of the tested isolates presented inhibition halos against P. cinnamomi, 36% against Colletotrichum sp. and 67% against Phomopsis sp. Additionally, three isolates were selected for fermentation tests using different broth cultures. The extracts obtained from fermentations in the minimal medium of isolates ARP5.1 and AED06 showed inhibitory activity against the evaluated pathogens, but this effect was not observed with the AED26 extract. The media supplemented with copper chloride did not enhance activity of the extracts. These results suggest that using microbial metabolic extracts is a viable alternative for controlling avocado pathogens in vitro.
Health Paradigm Shifts in the 20th Century
Authors: De Angulo Jose Miguel , Losada Luz Stella
Published: June 2015

The application of systems theory and the study of complexity to medicine and human health allows for a more comprehensive understanding and a more holistic view of what it means to be human. Such application overcomes the limitations of the traditional, fragmented understanding of phenomena and problems based on the mechanistic or Newtonian worldview. It recognizes that phenomena are interrelated, and that individual parts cannot be understood by only focusing on the analysis of their individual qualities. Rather, the individual parts can only be understood in relation to the whole and by being analyzed in the context of their interaction with the whole. The door is opened to previously unimagined models of thinking.
In the 20th Century there have been shifts in the paradigms that have governed medicine and human health in the modern western world. There has been a shift from the focus on specific biological analysis and pathological diagnostics to complex human interactions with the environment and with sociopolitical and economic processes. There are complex models of systems in immunology, in neuroscience, and in genetics, as well as complex ways of under-standing interactions as in epidemic modeling, in social media technologies, socioeconomic factors, and artificial intelligence.
In this paper we describe three paradigms of the health-disease process that in some degree correspond to the historical development of modern medicine and healthcare over the previous century. The oldest paradigm focused on specific disease mechanisms and treatment. This gave way to paradigms that historically were broader and more inclusive, such as “international health”. The international health paradigm focused primarily on the control of epidemics across national borders and considered government as the only health actor. However, this perspective has come to be seen as excessively reductionist and excluded many critical components essential to a robust understanding. The old “international health” has in turn been replaced by the paradigm of “global health” that exercises more comprehensive claims, and paved the way for emerging paradigms of complexity in the 21st Century.
Growth and reproduction of the mangrove crab Goniopsis cruentata (Latreille, 1803) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Grapsidae) in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Reis Carla R.G. , Taddei Fabiano G. , Cobo Valter J.
Published: June 2015

Goniopsis cruentata is a common semi-terrestrial crab in Brazilian mangroves and an important fishery resource for traditional communities in the northeastern Brazilian coast. Aiming to contribute to the knowledge about the species, this study evaluated the carapace width and weight growth curves, the relative growth of weight versus carapace width, and the temporal variation of gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices for the species. A total of 524 crabs were collected in a mangrove area of Ubatuba municipality, state of São Paulo. The growth-curves parameters and longevity (tmax) were estimated for males (CW∞=50.6 mm, WE=56.4 g, k=2.24, t0=0.003631502 year-1, tmax=1.3 years) and females (CW∞=50.7 mm, WE∞=58.8 g, k=2.50, t0=0.003247209 year-1, tmax=1.2 years). The age at onset of sexual maturity was 0.23 years for both genders. The weight-growth model was isometric for the immature developmental stages and allometric negative for adults. The species exhibited a continuous reproduction, with breeding peaks in spring and summer months. The weight dynamics of gonads and hepatopancreas were not clearly related. The growth and reproductive patterns indicated that Goniopsis cruentata has a life-history that prioritizes reproduction instead of survival. The species exhibited some of the highest growth rates and lowest longevity estimates reported for brachyuran species in Brazil.
Effect of volume replacement during combined experimental hemorrhagic shock and traumatic brain injury in prostanoids, brain pathology and pupil status
Authors: Pinto Fernando Campos Gomes , Oliveira Matheus Fernandes de , Prist Ricardo , Silva Maurício Rocha e , Silva Luiz Fernando Ferraz da , Capone Neto Antonio
Published: June 2015

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of trauma-related deaths. Systemic hypotension and intracranial hypertension causes cerebral ischemia by altering metabolism of prostanoids. We describe prostanoid, pupilar and pathological response during resuscitation with hypertonic saline solution (HSS) in TBI.Method Fifteen dogs were randomized in three groups according to resuscitation after TBI (control group; lactated Ringer’s (LR) group and HSS group), with measurement of thromboxane, prostaglandin, macroscopic and microscopic pathological evaluation and pupil evaluation.Result Concentration of prostaglandin is greater in the cerebral venous blood than in plasma and the opposite happens with concentration of thromboxane. Pathology revealed edema in groups with the exception of group treated with HSS.Discussion and conclusion There is a balance between the concentrations of prostaglandin and thromboxane. HSS prevented the formation of cerebral edema macroscopically detectable. Pupillary reversal occurred earlier in HSS group than in LR group.
Neurofibromatosis: part 2 – clinical management
Authors: Batista Pollyanna Barros , Bertollo Eny Maria Goloni , Costa Danielle de Souza , Eliam Lucas , Cunha Karin Soares Gonçalves , Cunha-Melo José Renan , Darrigo Junior Luiz Guilherme , Geller Mauro , Gianordoli-Nascimento Ingrid Faria , Madeira Luciana Gonçalves , Mendes Hérika Martins , Miranda Débora Marques de , Mata-Machado Nikolas Andre , Morato Eric Grossi , Pavarino Érika Cristina , Pereira Luciana Baptista , Rezende Nilton Alves de , Rodrigues Luíza de Oliveira , Sette Jorge Bezerra Cavalcanti , Silva Carla Menezes da , Souza Juliana Ferreira de , Souza Márcio Leandro Ribeiro de , Martins Aline Stangherlin , Valadares Eugênia Ribeiro , Vidigal Paula Vieira Teixeira , Waisberg Vanessa , Waisberg Yehuda , Rodrigues Luiz Oswaldo Carneiro
Published: June 2015

Part 1 of this guideline addressed the differential diagnosis of the neurofibromatoses (NF): neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and schwannomatosis (SCH). NF shares some features such as the genetic origin of the neural tumors and cutaneous manifestations, and affects nearly 80 thousand Brazilians. Increasing scientific knowledge on NF has allowed better clinical management and reduced rate of complications and morbidity, resulting in higher quality of life for NF patients. Most medical doctors are able to perform NF diagnosis, but the wide range of clinical manifestations and the inability to predict the onset or severity of new features, consequences, or complications make NF management a real clinical challenge, requiring the support of different specialists for proper treatment and genetic counseling, especially in NF2 and SCH. The present text suggests guidelines for the clinical management of NF, with emphasis on NF1.
MICROPROPAGATION AND ACCLIMATIZATION OF Aegiphila verticillata Vell.: AN ENDANGERED WOODY SPECIES
Authors: Almeida Luísa Maria Silveira de , Morais Leandro Elias , Resende Cristiano Ferrara de , Braga Virgínia Fernandes , Pereira Paula da Fonseca , Silva Rodolpho Abrantes Camerini e , Peixoto Paulo Henrique Pereira
Published: June 2015

The objective of this work was to establish an efficient protocol for in vitro multiplication and rooting, as well as ex vitroacclimatization of Aegiphila verticillata, a woody species found in Brazilian rocky fields. Aseptic cultures were established by seeds and two multiplication analyses were performed. In the first, we employed 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP – 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 μM) + α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA – 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 μM) and, in the second, were studied adenine sulfate, kinetin and thidiazuron (0, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 μM). After 90 days, we assessed the quantitative and qualitative shoot propagation. There were more than 90% seed germination and low contamination (2%). In multiplication phase, the culture medium that promoted the best quantitative and qualitative culture development was supplemented with 7.5 μM BAP + 0.4 μM NAA. In the rooting assay, were used NAA, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 μM). After 90 days, the root number and rooting quality were evaluated. In this analysis, differences were not found between the control and the other treatments. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in styrofoam trays for 30 days, after which they were transferred to pots in the greenhouse. Only 3% of the plants subjected to initial acclimatization died and 70% of the plants transferred to the field conditions survived and showed normal development. The results founded in this work are the first involving in vitro propagation and ex vitroacclimatization of Aegiphila verticillata and provide a continuous supply of this medicinal native species, endangered due anthropogenic activities.
RESISTÊNCIA AO CISALHAMENTO DAS JUNTAS ADESIVAS PRODUZIDAS COM TRÊS DIFERENTES ESPÉCIES DE MADEIRAS E ADESIVOS VINÍLICOS PARA APLICAÇÕES NÃO ESTRUTURAIS
Authors: Oliveira Maurício Pinheiro , Seraphim Lucas Fiorelli
Published: June 2015

Os adesivos utilizados na colagem de madeiras para aplicações não estruturais normalmente contêm uma emulsão de poli(acetato de vinila) (PVAc) estabilizada com poli(álcool vinílico) e alguns aditivos. A ligação adesiva formada com essa classe de adesivo é pobre quando exposta à umidade e à temperatura. Nesse contexto, a classificação prévia dos adesivos utilizados para aplicações não estruturais, com resistência à umidade e à temperatura, é muito importante para a qualidade e durabilidade das juntas adesivas. Neste trabalho, foi estudada a influência de três espécies de madeiras (Fagus sylvatica L., Mimosa scabrella Bentham e Micropholis cf. venulosa Mart. & Eichler) na resistência ao cisalhamento das juntas adesivas preparadas com três adesivos vinílicos, sintetizados com diferentes concentrações do N-butoximetilacrilamida (NBMA). Os ensaios de resistência ao cisalhamento, na linha de colagem, foram realizados sob diferentes ciclos de acondicionamento das juntas adesivas. Os resultados indicaram que há diferenças significativas na resistência de colagem das juntas adesivas e na porcentagem de falha na madeira provocada, tanto pela espécie de madeira quanto pelo tipo de adesivo utilizado. Os adesivos produzidos foram classificados de acordo com a classe de durabilidade, após várias etapas de acondicionamento. Os valores mais altos de resistência ao cisalhamento foram observados nas juntas coladas com as madeiras de Micropholis cf. venulosa Mart. & Eichler e Fagus sylvatica L., com o adesivo AD-3. O menor valor de resistência ao cisalhamento foi observado nas juntas adesivas preparadas com a madeira da espécie Mimosa scabrella Bentham. A madeira Micropholis cf. venulosa Mart. & Eichler mostrou-se mais adequada para a substituição da madeira Fagus sylvatica L.
Clío filósofa. Los inicios del discurso histórico rioplatense (1830-1852)
Authors: Myers Jorge
Published: June 2015

Este trabajo explora un momento decisivo en la construcción del discurso historiográfico rioplatense – el romántico – marcado por la recepción de un conjunto de tópicos y conceptos acuñados en el transcurso de los debates filosóficos, políticos y sociales europeos de las décadas de 1820 y 1830. Enfatiza la importancia de cierta “Geschichtsphilosophie” para la cristalización de un discurso histórico que privilegiaba la interpretación general y la identificación de “leyes generales” del desarrollo histórico. Las hipótesis centrales son: a) que la referencia a la “nación” como sujeto privilegiado del relato histórico apareció por primera vez en las obras aquí analizadas; b) que ese esfuerzo por articular una historia de la “nación” tuvo como condición de posibilidad y como condicionante de sus contenidos el hecho de haberse producido en el exilio. Este artículo enfatiza el rol del contexto histórico para la reconstrucción histórica de los significados del discurso político, social e historiográfico.
Predição da composição do clínquer industrial utilizando minimização da energia livre de Gibbs
Authors: Souza H. M. , Soares Jr A. P. , Costa Jr E. F. , Costa A. O. S.
Published: June 2015

A existência de processos químicos industriais, com diferentes fases em meio reacional, e a necessidade de conhecer a composição do sistema de interesse é um desafio comumente enfrentado pelos profissionais da indústria. Desta forma, a consideração do equilíbrio químico é uma metodologia comumente empregada por esses profissionais. Uma das principais etapas do processo de obtenção do cimento é a etapa de clinquerização, que ocorre dentro do forno rotativo. Neste estudo, é proposto o uso da técnica de minimização da energia livre de Gibbs para descrever o processo de produção de clínquer. O combustível considerado para o forno é o carvão mineral. Como resultado do estudo, objetiva-se a obtenção de uma rotina computacional que simule a condição de equilíbrio termodinâmico do sistema. Para isto, um problema de otimização não linear restrito é resolvido.
Grinding of AISI 4340 steel with interrupted cutting by aluminum oxide grinding wheel
Authors: Mello Hamilton Jose de , Mello Diego Rafael de , Bianchi Eduardo Carlos , Aguiar Paulo Roberto de , D'Addona Doriana M.
Published: June 2015

AbstractThere has been a great advance in the grinding process by the development of dressing, lubri-refrigeration and other methods. Nevertheless, all of these advances were gained only for continuous cutting; in other words, the ground workpiece profile remains unchanged. Hence, it becomes necessary to study grinding process using intermittent cutting (grooved workpiece – discontinuous cutting), as little or no knowledge and studies have been developed for this purpose, since there is nothing found in formal literature, except for grooved grinding wheels. During the grinding process, heat generated in the cutting zone is extremely high. Therefore, plenty of cutting fluids are essential to cool not only the workpiece but also the grinding wheel, improving the grinding process. In this paper, grinding trials were performed using a conventional aluminum oxide grinding wheel, testing samples made of AISI 4340 steel quenched and tempered with 2, 6, and 12 grooves. The cylindrical plunge grinding was performed by rotating the workpiece on the grinding wheel. This plunge movement was made at three different speeds. From the obtained results, it can be observed that roughness tended to increase for testing sample with the same number of grooves, as rotation speed increased. Roundness error also tended to increase as the speed rotation process got higher for testing the sample with the same number of grooves. Grinding wheel wear enhanced as rotation speed and number of grooves increased. Power consumed by the grinding machine was inversely proportional to the number of grooves. Subsuperficial microhardness had no significant change. Micrographs reveal an optimal machining operation as there was no significant damage on the machined surface.
Modernização da Agricultura em Moçambique: determinantes da renda agrícola
Authors: Guanziroli Carlos E. , Guanziroli Tomás
Published: June 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar até que ponto as tecnologias oriundas da revolução verde foram efetivamente adotadas na África Subsaariana e, nos casos em que foram adotadas, se tiveram sucesso em melhorar a renda e a produtividade da agricultura. Para este fim, o trabalho faz primeiramente um breve resumo do estado das artes da revolução verde na África, mostrando quais países avançaram mais e como se correlaciona a utilização de fertilizantes químicos com os aumentos de produtividade. Faz-se também uma discussão sobre as características do processo de intensificação num caso em particular, o de Moçambique. Finalmente, com base nos microdados do Tratado de Inquérito Agrícola (TIA), se testa um modelo econométrico de MQO que visa avaliar os determinantes da renda agrícola e, em particular, do uso de fertilizantes químicos.
Tentativa e ideación de suicidio en adultos mayores en Uruguay
Authors: Fachola María Cristina Heuguerot , Lucero Rossana , Porto Viviana , Díaz Elizabeth , París María de los Angeles
Published: June 2015

Se presenta una investigación sobre Intentos de Suicidio en Adultos Mayores en Uruguay realizada en una institución de Salud Pública de Montevideo en 2014 vinculada a un proyecto de Claves/Fiocruz. A partir de un proyecto inicial se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a sujetos institucionalizados con historias de Intentos de Autoeliminación, una revisión bibliográfica, búsqueda de normativas y acciones preventivas de las autoridades de salud pública del país. Los resultados muestran: dificultades de los sujetos al hablar del IAE, vergüenza también asociada a la vejez, gran dificultad en los vínculos, confirma diferencias de género en el método de tentativas, una mayor ideación en mujeres, aunque la posibilidad de repetir el IAE no parece preocupante. El estudio permite reflexionar sobre la importancia del dispositivo de atención, el cuidado, la calidad de vida y los efectos de la vida institucionalizada en el adulto mayor.
Adesão aos "10 passos da alimentação saudável para crianças" e fatores associados em escolares
Authors: Weber Ana Paula , Henn Ruth Liane , Vicenzi Keli , Backes Vanessa , Paniz Vera Maria Vieira , Olinto Maria Teresa Anselmo
Published: June 2015

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência de adesão aos "10 Passos da Alimentação Saudável para Crianças" e fatores associados em escolares. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 813 escolares do 1º ano das Escolas Municipais de Ensino Fundamental de São Leopoldo (RS). Os dados foram obtidos das mães/responsáveis por meio de um questionário com questões sobre alimen-tação, atividade física, tempo de tela e características sociodemográficas. O critério de adesão a cada passo foi definido pelos pesquisadores. As associações foram analisadas por meio do teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e de tendência linear. RESULTADOS: O número médio de passos atingido foi 3,9, e nenhum escolar aderiu a todos os passos. O Passo 4 (consumir feijão com arroz no mínimo cinco vezes/semana) apresentou maior frequência de adesão (99,8%), e aqueles que envolvem medidas restritivas, como evitar alimentos gordurosos/frituras (Passo 6) e guloseimas (Passo 7), foram os menos frequentemente atingidos, respectivamente, 2,1 e 0,0%. O Passo 10 (ser ativo e ter tempo de tela <2 horas/dia) também apresentou baixa adesão (14,5%). Maior escolaridade materna e melhor nível econômico associou-se positivamente com o Passo 5 (consumo diário de grupo do leite e das carnes), o contrário sendo observado para o Passo 2 (incluir diariamente cereais, tubérculos e raízes nas refeições) e para o Passo 10. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo revelou um cenário desfavorável, que indica a necessidade de ações de diferentes atores (governo, produtores, escola e família) para aumentar a frequência de adesão aos 10 Passos pelos escolares.
Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar em Santa Catarina, Brasil: uma análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo
Authors: Machado Patrícia Maria de Oliveira , Schmitz Bethsáida de Abreu Soares , Corso Arlete Catarina Tittoni , Caldeira Gilberto Veras , Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes de
Published: June 2015

OBJETIVO: Identificar no discurso dos conselheiros de alimentação escolar a compreensão sobre as funções, os limites e os avanços da atuação dos Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que utilizou entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado baseadas na técnica de Grupos Focais em nove Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar do estado de Santa Catarina, sendo oito conselhos municipais e um estadual. As falas dos conselheiros foram gravadas, posteriormente transcritas e analisadas a partir do método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. RESULTADOS: Foram construídos cinco discursos, agrupados segundo as ideias centrais emergentes. Destacam-se os avanços conquistados pela atuação dos Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar e a capacidade limitada de intervenção na gestão da alimentação escolar. Os achados corroboram a literatura no que se refere ao excesso de burocracia para atuação dos conselhos, à compreensão dos conselheiros sobre os espaços democráticos institucionalizados como de controle social e à falta de comprometimento e representatividade dos membros envolvidos. CONCLUSÃO: Entre os temas analisados, ressaltam-se a compreensão do papel de fiscalização do Conselho de Alimentação Escolar, o conceito de controle social que envolve a participação no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, e a compreensão desse programa como uma política de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Verifica-se a necessidade de continuidade da formação e qualificação de conselheiros e de estímulo à participação democrática que vise a uma maior representação social. Dessa forma, contribui-se para o resgate da capacidade dos conselhos de intervirem na execução da política pública.