bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly diverse flavobacterial phages isolated from North Sea spring blooms
Authors: Bartlau Nina , Wichels Antje , Krohne Georg , Adriaenssens Evelien M , Heins Anneke , Fuchs Bernhard M , Amann Rudolf , Moraru Cristina
Published: September 2021

It is generally recognized that phages are a mortality factor for their bacterial hosts. This could be particularly true in spring phytoplankton blooms, which are known to be closely followed by a highly specialized bacterial community. We hypothesized that phages modulate these dense heterotrophic bacteria successions following phytoplankton blooms. In this study, we focused on Flavobacteriia, because they are main responders during these blooms and have an important role in the degradation of polysaccharides. A cultivation-based approach was used, obtaining 44 lytic flavobacterial phages (flavophages), representing twelve new species from two viral realms. Taxonomic analysis allowed us to delineate ten new phage genera and ten new families, from which nine and four, respectively, had no previously cultivated representatives. Genomic analysis predicted various life styles and genomic replication strategies. A likely eukaryote-associated host habitat was reflected in the gene content of some of the flavophages. Detection in cellular metagenomes and by direct-plating showed that part of these phages were actively replicating in the environment during the 2018 spring bloom. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas spacers and re-isolation during two consecutive years suggested that, at least part of the new flavophages are stable components of the microbial community in the North Sea. Together, our results indicate that these diverse flavophages have the potential to modulate their respective host populations.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Expansion of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells ameliorated intestinal inflammatory response by radiation through SOCS3 expression
Authors: Choi You Yeon , Seong Ki Moon , Lee Hyun Jung , Lee Seung Sook , Kim Areumnuri
Published: September 2021

Radiation-induced colitis is a common clinical problem after radiation therapy and accidental radiation exposure. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have immunosuppressive functions that use a variety of mechanisms to alter both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Here, we demonstrated that radiation exposure in mice promoted the expansion of splenic and intestinal MDSCs and caused intestinal inflammation due to the increased secretion of cytokines. Depletion of monocytic MDSCs using anti-Ly6C exacerbated radiation-induced colitis and altered the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL10. Adoptive transfers of 0.5 Gy-derived MDSCs ameliorated this radiation-induced colitis through the production IL10 and activation of both STAT3 and SOCS3 signaling. Intestinal-inflammation recovery using 0.5 Gy-induced MDSCs was assessed using histological grading of colitis, colon length, body weight, and survival rate. Using in vitro co-cultures, we found that 0.5 Gy-induced MDSCs had higher expression levels of IL10 and SOCS3 compared with 5 Gy-induced MDSCs. In addition, IL10 expression was not enhanced in SOCS3-depleted cells, even in the presence of 0.5 Gy-induced monocytic MDSCs. Collectively, the results indicate that 0.5 Gy-induced MDSCs play an important immunoregulatory role in this radiation-induced colitis mouse model by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and suggest that IL10-overexpressing mMDSCs may be potential immune-therapy targets for treating colitis.
Aggravated stress fluctuation and mechanical size effects of nanoscale lamellar bone pillars
Authors: Ma Zhichao , Qiang Zhenfeng , Guo Chaowei , Jiang Yue , Zhao Hongwei , Wen Cuie , Ren Luquan
Published: September 2021

The size effects of mechanical properties influence the microdeformation behaviors and failure mechanisms of hierarchical lamellar bones. Investigations of the continuous deformation behaviors and structure–behavior–property relationships of nanoscale lamellar bones provide essential data for reducing the risk of fracture. Here, five pillars with diameters ranging from 640 to 4971 nm inside a single lamella were fabricated. In situ pillar compressive tests inside a scanning electron microscope directly revealed the diameter-dependent enhanced strength, ductility, and stress fluctuation amplitude. Real-time observations also revealed the segmented deformation and morphological anisotropy of pillars with smaller diameters and the slight elastic recovery of pillars with larger diameters. The critical diameter leading to the brittle-to-ductile transition was confirmed. The “analogous to serrated flow” stress fluctuation behaviors at the nanoscale exhibited a significant size effect, with coincident fluctuation cycles independent of diameter, and each cycle of the fluctuation manifested as a slow stress increase and a rapid stress release. The discontinuous fracture of collagen fibrils, embedded enhancement of hydroxyapatite crystals, and layered dislocation movement on the basis of strain gradient plasticity theory were expected to induce cyclical stress fluctuations with different amplitudes.
In vivo non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopy distinguishes normal, post-stroke, and botulinum toxin treated human muscles
Authors: Currà Antonio , Gasbarrone Riccardo , Cardillo Alessandra , Fattapposta Francesco , Missori Paolo , Marinelli Lucio , Bonifazi Giuseppe , Serranti Silvia , Trompetto Carlo
Published: September 2021

In post-stroke hemiparesis, neural impairment alters muscle control, causing abnormal movement and posture in the affected limbs. A decrease in voluntary use of the paretic arm and flexed posture during rest also induce secondary tissue transformation in the upper limb muscles. To obtain a specific, accurate, and reproducible marker of the current biological status of muscles, we collected visible (VIS) and short-wave Infrared (SWIR) reflectance spectra in vivo using a portable spectroradiometer (350–2500 nm), which provided the spectral fingerprints of the elbow flexors and extensors. We compared the spectra for the affected and unaffected sides in 23 patients with post-stroke hemiparesis (25–87 years, 8 women) and eight healthy controls (33–87 years, 5 women). In eight patients, spectra were collected before and after botulinum toxin injection. Spectra underwent off-line preprocessing, principal component analysis, and partial least-squares discriminant analysis. Spectral fingerprints discriminated the muscle (biceps vs. triceps), neurological condition (normal vs. affected vs. unaffected), and effect of botulinum toxin treatment (before vs. 30 to 40 days vs. 110 to 120 days after injection). VIS-SWIR spectroscopy proved valuable for non-invasive assessment of optical properties in muscles, enabled more comprehensive evaluation of hemiparetic muscles, and provided optimal monitoring of the effectiveness of medication.
Changes in plasma C1q, apelin and adropin concentrations in older adults after descending and ascending stair walking intervention
Authors: Chen Trevor C. , Huang Tsang-Hai , Tseng Wei-Chin , Tseng Kuo-Wei , Hsieh Chung-Chan , Chen Mei-Yen , Chou Tai-Ying , Huang Yuh-Chuan , Chen Hsin-Lian , Nosaka Kazunori
Published: September 2021

This study compared changes in plasma complement component 1q (C1q), apelin and adropin concentrations in older obese women after descending (DSW) and ascending stair walking (ASW) training (n = 15/group) performed twice a week for 12 weeks, with gradual increases in exercise time from 5 to 60 min. Fasting blood samples were collected 3 days before the first and 4 days after the last training session. The improvements in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength of the knee extensors, functional physical fitness [e.g., 30-s chair stand (CS) performance], resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), insulin sensitivity [e.g., oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)] and blood lipid profiles [e.g., total cholesterol (TC)] were greater (p < 0.05) in the DSW than ASW group. Plasma C1q decreased (− 51 ± 30%), and apelin (23 ± 15%) and adropin (127 ± 106%) increased (p ≤ .0.05) only after DSW. Significant (p ≤  0.01) partial correlations were found between the pre- to post-DSW changes in C1q, apelin or adropin and changes in outcome measures [e.g., C1q and MVIC (r = − 0.837), apelin and SBP (r = − 0.854), and andropin and OGTT (r = − 0.729)]. These results showed that greater decreases in plasma C1q and greater increases in apelin and adropin concentrations were associated with greater improvements in outcome measures after DSW than after ASW.
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of retinal vasculature in patients with post fever retinitis: a qualitative and quantitative analysis
Authors: Sanjay Srinivasan , Gadde Santosh Gopi Krishna , Agrawal Sameeksha , Mahendradas Padmamalini , Govindaswamy Nivedhitha , Kawali Ankush , Jayadev Chaitra , Sangai Sajjan , Roy Abhijit Sinha , Shetty Rohit
Published: September 2021

Post fever retinitis is a heterogenous entity that is seen 2–4 weeks after a systemic febrile illness in an immunocompetent individual. It may occur following bacterial, viruses, or protozoal infection. Optical coherence angiography (OCTA) is a newer non-invasive modality that is an alternative to fundus fluorescein angiography to image the retinal microvasculature. We hereby describe the vascular changes during the acute phase of post fever retinitis on OCTA. Imaging on OCTA was done for all patients with post fever retinitis at presentation with 3 × 3 mm and 8 × 8 mm scans centred on the macula and corresponding enface optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans obtained. A qualitative and quantitative analysis was done for all images. 46 eyes of 33 patients were included in the study. Salient features noted were changes in the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) with capillary rarefaction and irregularity of larger vessels in the SCP. The DCP had more capillary rarefaction when compared to the SCP. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was altered with an irregular perifoveal network. Our series of post fever retinitis describes the salient vascular features on OCTA. Although the presumed aetiology was different in all our patients, they developed similar changes on OCTA. While OCTA is not useful if there is gross macular oedema, the altered FAZ can be indicative of macular ischemia.
Camera realignment imposes a cost on laparoscopic performance
Authors: Hewitson Christopher L. , Shukur Sinan T. , Cartmill John , Crossley Matthew J. , Kaplan David M.
Published: September 2021

There is an unresolved question about whether realigned visual feedback is beneficial or costly to laparoscopic task performance. We provide evidence that camera realignment imposes a reliable cost on performance across both naive controls and experienced surgeons. This finding clarifies an important ongoing discussion in the literature about the effects of camera realignment, which could inform the strategies that laparoscopic surgeons use in the operating room.
Parasites and diet as main drivers of the Malagasy gut microbiome richness and function
Authors: Mondot Stanislas , Poirier Philippe , Abou-Bacar Ahmed , Greigert Valentin , Brunet Julie , Nourrisson Céline , Randrianarivelojosia Milijaona , Razafindrakoto Jean-Louis , Morel Eugene , Rakotomalala Rivo S. , Leclerc Marion , Le Roux Karine , Monot Céline , Lepage Patricia , Candolfi Ermanno
Published: September 2021

Interactions between the prokaryotic microbiome and eukaryotic parasites in the vertebrate gut may affect overall host health and disease. While intertropical areas exhibit a high rate of parasites carriers, such interactions are understudied in these populations. Our objectives were to (1) describe the gut microbiome of individuals living in Madagascar, (2) identify potential associations between bacterial taxa and parasites colonizing the digestive tract and (3) highlight main determinants of the gut microbiota composition in this developing country. Metadata (socioeconomic, diet, clinical) and fecal samples were collected from 219 volunteers from North-West Madagascar (Mahajanga). Fecal microbiome was assessed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics, and related to dietary habits and parasites carriage. We highlight important Malagasy gut microbiome peculiarities. Out of three detected enterotypes, only one is similar to that observed in Westernized countries (Ruminococcus-driven). Functions associated with the two others (Clostridium sensu stricto-driven and Escherichia/Shigella-driven) are mostly directed toward amino acids biosynthesis and degradation, respectively. Diet and protozoan carriage were the main drivers of microbiota composition. High protozoan carriage was associated with higher diversity, richness and microbial functionalities. The gut microbiome of Malagasy strongly differs from that of Westernized countries. Asymptomatic protozoan carriage and dietary habits are the external factors with the deepest impact on gut microbiome. Further studies are needed to understand whether gut microbial richness constitute a predilection niche for protozoans colonization, due to their gazing features, or whether the parasites themselves induce a higher bacterial richness.
A Bayesian approach for accurate de novo transcriptome assembly
Authors: Shi Xu , Wang Xiao , Neuwald Andrew F. , Halakivi-Clarke Leena , Clarke Robert , Xuan Jianhua
Published: September 2021

De novo transcriptome assembly from billions of RNA-seq reads is very challenging due to alternative splicing and various levels of expression, which often leads to incorrect, mis-assembled transcripts. BayesDenovo addresses this problem by using both a read-guided strategy to accurately reconstruct splicing graphs from the RNA-seq data and a Bayesian strategy to estimate, from these graphs, the probability of transcript expression without penalizing poorly expressed transcripts. Simulation and cell line benchmark studies demonstrate that BayesDenovo is very effective in reducing false positives and achieves much higher accuracy than other assemblers, especially for alternatively spliced genes and for highly or poorly expressed transcripts. Moreover, BayesDenovo is more robust on multiple replicates by assembling a larger portion of common transcripts. When applied to breast cancer data, BayesDenovo identifies phenotype-specific transcripts associated with breast cancer recurrence.
Longitudinal changes in physical activity during and after the first national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in England
Authors: Bu Feifei , Bone Jessica K. , Mitchell John J. , Steptoe Andrew , Fancourt Daisy
Published: September 2021

Recent studies have shown reduced physical activity at early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of investigation on longitudinal changes in physical activity beyond lockdowns and stay-at-home orders. Moreover, it is unclear if there is heterogeneity in physical activity growth trajectories. This study aimed to explore longitudinal patterns of physical activity and factors associated with them. Data were from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study. The analytical sample consisted of 35,915 adults in England who were followed up for 22 weeks from 24th March to 23rd August 2020. Data were analysed using growth mixture models. Our analyses identified six classes of growth trajectories, including three stable classes showing little change over time (62.4% in total), two classes showing decreasing physical activity (28.6%), and one class showing increasing physical activity over time (9%). A range of factors were found to be associated the class membership of physical activity trajectories, such as age, gender, education, income, employment status, and health. There is substantial heterogeneity in longitudinal changes in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a substantial proportion of our sample showed persistent physical inactivity or decreasing physical activity. Given the well-established link between physical activity and health, persistent or increased physical inactivity is likely to have both immediate and long-term implications for people’s physical and mental health, as well as general wellbeing. More efforts are needed to promote physical activity during the pandemic and beyond.
Full-field MRI measurements of in-vivo positional brain shift reveal the significance of intra-cranial geometry and head orientation for stereotactic surgery
Authors: Zappalá Stefano , Bennion Nicholas J. , Potts Matthew R. , Wu Jing , Kusmia Slawomir , Jones Derek K. , Evans Sam L. , Marshall David
Published: September 2021

Positional brain shift (PBS), the sagging of the brain under the effect of gravity, is comparable in magnitude to the margin of error for the success of stereotactic interventions ($$\sim $$
∼
 1 mm). This non-uniform shift due to slight differences in head orientation can lead to a significant discrepancy between the planned and the actual location of surgical targets. Accurate in-vivo measurements of this complex deformation are critical for the design and validation of an appropriate compensation to integrate into neuronavigational systems. PBS arising from prone-to-supine change of head orientation was measured with magnetic resonance imaging on 11 young adults. The full-field displacement was extracted on a voxel-basis via digital volume correlation and analysed in a standard reference space. Results showed the need for target-specific correction of surgical targets, as a significant displacement ranging from 0.52 to 0.77 mm was measured at surgically relevant structures. Strain analysis further revealed local variability in compressibility: anterior regions showed expansion (both volume and shape change), whereas posterior regions showed small compression, mostly dominated by shape change. Finally, analysis of correlation demonstrated the potential for further patient- and intervention-specific adjustments, as intra-cranial breadth and head tilt correlated with PBS reaching statistical significance.
Nanopore sequencing approach for immunoglobulin gene analysis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Minervini Crescenzio Francesco , Cumbo Cosimo , Redavid Immacolata , Conserva Maria Rosa , Orsini Paola , Zagaria Antonella , Anelli Luisa , Coccaro Nicoletta , Tota Giuseppina , Impera Luciana , Parciante Elisa , Tarantini Francesco , Giordano Annamaria , Specchia Giorgina , Musto Pellegrino , Albano Francesco
Published: September 2021

The evaluation of the somatic hypermutation of the clonotypic immunoglobulin heavy variable gene has become essential in the therapeutic management in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. European Research Initiative on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia promotes good practices and standardized approaches to this assay but often they are labor-intensive, technically complex, with limited in scalability. The use of next-generation sequencing in this analysis has been widely tested, showing comparable accuracy and distinct advantages. However, the adoption of the next generation sequencing requires a high sample number (run batching) to be economically convenient, which could lead to a longer turnaround time. Here we present data from nanopore sequencing for the somatic hypermutation evaluation compared to the standard method. Our results show that nanopore sequencing is suitable for immunoglobulin heavy variable gene mutational analysis in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, simplicity of analysis and is less time-consuming. Moreover, our work showed that the development of an appropriate data analysis pipeline could lower the nanopore sequencing error rate attitude.
Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits release of extracellular vesicles from platelets without inhibiting phosphatidylserine exposure
Authors: Millington-Burgess Sarah L. , Harper Matthew T.
Published: September 2021

Arterial thrombosis triggers myocardial infarction and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Procoagulant platelets, a subpopulation of activated platelets that expose phosphatidylserine (PS), promote coagulation and occlusive thrombosis. Procoagulant platelets may therefore be a therapeutic target. PS exposure in procoagulant platelets requires TMEM16F, a phospholipid scramblase. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been reported to inhibit TMEM16F but this has been challenged. We investigated whether EGCG inhibits PS exposure in procoagulant platelets. PS exposure is often measured using fluorophore-conjugated annexin V. EGCG quenched annexin V-FITC fluorescence, which gives the appearance of inhibition of PS exposure. However, EGCG did not quench annexin V-APC fluorescence. Using this fluorophore, we show that EGCG does not inhibit annexin V binding to procoagulant platelets. We confirmed this by using NBD-labelled PS to monitor PS scrambling. EGCG did not quench NBD fluorescence and did not inhibit PS scrambling. Procoagulant platelets also release PS-exposing extracellular vesicles (EVs) that further propagate coagulation. Surprisingly, EGCG inhibited EV release. This inhibition required the gallate group of EGCG. In conclusion, EGCG does not inhibit PS exposure in procoagulant platelets but does inhibit the EV release. Future investigation of this inhibition may help us further understand how EVs are released by procoagulant platelets.
Impact of crowded environments on binding between protein and single-stranded DNA
Authors: Köhn Birgit , Schwarz Patricia , Wittung-Stafshede Pernilla , Kovermann Michael
Published: September 2021

The concept of Molecular Crowding depicts the high density of diverse molecules present in the cellular interior. Here, we determine the impact of low molecular weight and larger molecules on binding capacity of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to the cold shock protein B (CspB). Whereas structural features of ssDNA-bound CspB are fully conserved in crowded environments as probed by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy, intrinsic fluorescence quenching experiments reveal subtle changes in equilibrium affinity. Kinetic stopped-flow data showed that DNA-to-protein association is significantly retarded independent of choice of the molecule that is added to the solution, but dissociation depends in a nontrivial way on its size and chemical characteristics. Thus, for this DNA–protein interaction, excluded volume effect does not play the dominant role but instead observed effects are dictated by the chemical properties of the crowder. We propose that surrounding molecules are capable of specific modification of the protein’s hydration shell via soft interactions that, in turn, tune protein–ligand binding dynamics and affinity.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Facial expressions can detect Parkinson’s disease: preliminary evidence from videos collected online
Authors: Ali Mohammad Rafayet , Myers Taylor , Wagner Ellen , Ratnu Harshil , Dorsey E. Ray , Hoque Ehsan
Published: September 2021

A prevalent symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is hypomimia — reduced facial expressions. In this paper, we present a method for diagnosing PD that utilizes the study of micro-expressions. We analyzed the facial action units (AU) from 1812 videos of 604 individuals (61 with PD and 543 without PD, with a mean age 63.9 y/o, sd. 7.8) collected online through a web-based tool (www.parktest.net). In these videos, participants were asked to make three facial expressions (a smiling, disgusted, and surprised face) followed by a neutral face. Using techniques from computer vision and machine learning, we objectively measured the variance of the facial muscle movements and used it to distinguish between individuals with and without PD. The prediction accuracy using the facial micro-expressions was comparable to methodologies that utilize motor symptoms. Logistic regression analysis revealed that participants with PD had less variance in AU6 (cheek raiser), AU12 (lip corner puller), and AU4 (brow lowerer) than non-PD individuals. An automated classifier using Support Vector Machine was trained on the variances and achieved 95.6% accuracy. Using facial expressions as a future digital biomarker for PD could be potentially transformative for patients in need of remote diagnoses due to physical separation (e.g., due to COVID) or immobility.
Altered theta rhythm and hippocampal-cortical interactions underlie working memory deficits in a hyperglycemia risk factor model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wirt Ryan. A. , Crew Lauren. A. , Ortiz Andrew. A. , McNeela Adam. M. , Flores Emmanuel , Kinney Jefferson. W. , Hyman James M.
Published: September 2021

Diabetes mellitusis a metabolic disease associated with dysregulated glucose and insulin levels and an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) later in life. It is thought that chronic hyperglycemia leads to neuroinflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus leading to cognitive decline, but effects on hippocampal network activity are unknown. A sustained hyperglycemic state was induced in otherwise healthy animals and subjects were then tested on a spatial delayed alternation task while recording from the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Hyperglycemic animals performed worse on long delay trials and had multiple electrophysiological differences throughout the task. We found increased delta power and decreased theta power in the hippocampus, which led to altered theta/delta ratios at the end of the delay period. Cross frequency coupling was significantly higher in multiple bands and delay period hippocampus-ACC theta coherence was elevated, revealing hypersynchrony. The highest coherence values appeared long delays on error trials for STZ animals, the opposite of what was observed in controls, where lower delay period coherence was associated with errors. Consistent with previous investigations, we found increases in phosphorylated tau in STZ animals’ hippocampus and cortex, which might account for the observed oscillatory and cognitive changes.
Resurgence initiation and subsolidus eruption of cold carapace of warm magma at Toba Caldera, Sumatra
Authors: Mucek Adonara E. , Danišík Martin , de Silva Shanaka L. , Miggins Daniel P. , Schmitt Axel K. , Pratomo Indyo , Koppers Anthony , Gillespie Jack
Published: September 2021

Supervolcanoes like Toba Caldera, Sumatra, produce the largest eruptions on Earth. However, the magmatic conditions and processes during the period of recovery after catastrophic supereruptions, known as resurgence, are poorly understood. Here we use Bayesian statistical analysis and inverse thermal history modelling of feldspar argon-argon and zircon uranium-thorium/helium ages to investigate resurgence after the 74-thousand-year-old Youngest Toba Tuff eruption. We identify a discordance of up to around 13.6 thousand years between older feldspar and younger zircon ages. Our modelling suggests cold storage of feldspar antecrysts prior to eruption for a maximum duration of around 5 and 13 thousand years at between 280 °C and 500 °C. We propose that the solidified carapace of remnant magma after the Youngest Toba Tuff eruption erupted in a subsolidus state, without being thermally remobilized or rejuvenated. Our study indicates that resurgent uplift and volcanism initiated approximately 5 thousand years after the climactic caldera forming supereruption.
Promotional effect of indium on Cu/SiO2 catalysts for the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethylene glycol
Authors: Xu Yuxi , Kong Lingxin , Huang Huijiang , Wang Hui , Wang Xiaofei , Wang Shengping , Zhao Yujun , Ma Xinbin
Published: September 2021

CuIn/SiO2 with 1.0 wt% indium shows the best catalytic performance for DMO hydrogenation to EG. The synergistic effect of Cu0–Cu+–CuIn alloy in activating H2 molecules and carbonyl bonds is elucidated.
An advantage for desalination of coastal saline groundwater over seawater in view of boron removal requirements
Authors: Stein Shaked , Sivan Orit , Yechieli Yoseph , Kasher Roni , Nir Oded
Published: September 2021

Saline groundwater (SGW) from coastal aquifers possesses less boron than seawater. Using SGW as feed for desalination reduces the energy demand and thus the environmental load.
Hypoglycemic effects of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides on high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice using metabolomics analysis
Authors: Liu Nannan , Chen Xuefeng , Song Juanna , Chen Mengyin , Gong Pin , Jia Wei , Li Guoliang
Published: September 2021

The hypoglycemic effect was evaluated of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus mice using a metabolomic approach based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–Q exactive HFX–mass spectrometry.
Ni2+ and Pr3+ Co-doped CsPbCl3 perovskite quantum dots with efficient infrared emission at 1300 nm
Authors: Lyu Jiekai , Dong Biao , Pan Gencai , Sun Liheng , Bai Xue , Hu Songtao , Shen Bo , Zhou Bingshuai , Wang Lin , Xu Wen , Zhou Donglei , Xu Lin , Song Hongwei
Published: September 2021

The problem of low quantum efficiency of CsPbCl3 QDs is solved by co-doping transition metal ions and rare earth metal ions and polychromatic emission is introduced.
Recent progress of photochromic materials towards photocontrollable devices
Authors: Ru Yifan , Shi Zhaoyang , Zhang Jihao , Wang Jingyuan , Chen Beixi , Huang Rongjuan , Liu Guoquan , Yu Tao
Published: September 2021

Photochromic materials have been widely used in optoelectronic area due to their distinct photo-reversible characteristics. This review summarizes the recent development of photochromic materials and their applications in photocontrollable devices.
Electrostatic repulsion-controlled regioselectivity in nitrene-mediated allylic C–H amidations
Authors: Huang Fang , Tian Xiaoxiao , Hou Fangao , Xu Yaping , Lu Gang
Published: September 2021

The difference of repulsive electrostatic interactions between nitrene N and allyl carbon atoms is the dominant factor affecting the regioselectivity in metal nitrenoid-catalyzed allylic C–H amidations.
A photoredox- or metal-catalyzed three-component cyanoalkylsulfonylation reaction of 1-(allyloxy)-2-(1-arylvinyl)benzenes, potassium metabisulfite, and cycloketone oxime esters: synthesis of cyanoalkylsulfonylated benzoxepines
Authors: Zhou Nengneng , Wu Sixin , Kuang Kaimo , Xia Ziqin , Xu Qiankun , Zhang Man
Published: September 2021

A visible light photocatalyzed or metal-catalyzed three-component cyanoalkylsulfonylation of 1-(allyloxy)-2-(1-arylvinyl)benzenes, potassium metabisulfite and cyclobutanone oxime esters is developed.
Control over interpenetration for boosting methane storage capacity in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Tan Jing , Tao Yu , Zhang Xiangyu , Wang Qing , Zeng Tengwu , Shi Zhaolin , Cordova Kyle E. , Lee Yongjin , Liu Haiming , Zhang Yue-Biao
Published: September 2021

Control over interpenetration serves as a viable strategy for boosting the methane storage capacity in MOFs by tailoring their porosity and rotational dynamics revealed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy and GCMC simulation.
Dissecting nonthermal emission in the complex multiple-merger galaxy cluster Abell 2744: Radio and X-ray analysis
Authors: Rajpurohit K. , Vazza F. , van Weeren R. J. , Hoeft M. , Brienza M. , Bonnassieux E. , Riseley C. J. , Brunetti G. , Bonafede A. , Brüggen M. , Formann W. R. , Rajpurohit A. S. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Drabent A. , Domínguez-Fernández P. , Wittor D. , Andrade-Santos F.
Published: September 2021

We present the first deep low frequency radio observations of the massive and highly disturbed galaxy cluster Abell 2744 using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT). The cluster is experiencing a very complex multiple merger and hosts a giant halo and four radio relics. The uGMRT observations, together with existing VLA (1−4 GHz) andChandraobservations, allow us to study the complexity of the physical mechanisms active in this system. Our new images reveal that the central halo emission is more extended toward low frequencies. We find that the integrated spectrum of the halo follows a power law between 150 MHz and 3 GHz, while its subregions show significantly different spectra, also featuring high frequency spectral steepening. The halo also shows local regions in which the spectral index is significantly different from the average value. Our results highlight that an overall power-law spectrum, as observed in many radio halos, may also arise from the superposition of different subcomponents. The comparison of the radio surface brightness and spectral index with the X-ray brightness and temperature reveals for the first time different trends, indicating that the halo consists of two main components with distinct evolutionary signatures. All four relics in this system follow a power-law radio spectrum, compatible with shocks with Mach numbers in the range 3.0 − 4.5. All relics are also highly polarized from 1−4 GHz and show low Faraday dispersion measures, suggesting that they are located in the outermost regions of the cluster. The complexity in the distribution and properties of nonthermal components in Abell 2744 supports a multiple merger scenario, as also highlighted by previous X-ray and lensing studies. Our unique results demonstrate the importance of sensitive and high-resolution, multifrequency radio observations for understanding the interplay between the thermal and nonthermal components of the ICM.
The effect of active galactic nuclei on the cold interstellar medium in distant star-forming galaxies
Authors: Valentino F. , Daddi E. , Puglisi A. , Magdis G. E. , Kokorev V. , Liu D. , Madden S. C. , Gómez-Guijarro C. , Lee M.-Y. , Cortzen I. , Circosta C. , Delvecchio I. , Mullaney J. R. , Gao Y. , Gobat R. , Aravena M. , Jin S. , Fujimoto S. , Silverman J. D. , Dannerbauer H.
Published: September 2021

In the framework of a systematic study with the ALMA interferometer of IR-selected main-sequence and starburst galaxies at z ∼ 1 − 1.7 at typical ∼1″ resolution, we report on the effects of mid-IR- and X-ray-detected active galactic nuclei (AGN) on the reservoirs and excitation of molecular gas in a sample of 55 objects. We find widespread detectable nuclear activity in ∼30% of the sample. The presence of dusty tori influences the IR spectral energy distribution of galaxies, as highlighted by the strong correlation among the AGN contribution to the total IR luminosity budget (fAGN = LIR,  AGN/LIR), its hard X-ray emission, and the Rayleigh-Jeans to mid-IR (S1.2 mm/S24 μm) observed color, with evident consequences on the ensuing empirical star formation rate estimates. Nevertheless, we find only marginal effects of the presence and strength of AGN on the carbon monoxide CO (J = 2, 4, 5, 7) or neutral carbon ([C I](3P1  −  3P0), [C I](3P2  −  3P1)) line luminosities and on the derived molecular gas excitation as gauged by line ratios and the full spectral line energy distributions. The [C I] and CO emission up to J = 5, 7 thus primarily traces the properties of the host in typical IR luminous galaxies. However, our analysis highlights the existence of a large variety of line luminosities and ratios despite the homogeneous selection. In particular, we find a sparse group of AGN-dominated sources with the highest LIR,  AGN/LIR,  SFR ratios, ≳3, that are more luminous in CO (5−4) than what is predicted by the L′CO(5-4)−LIR, SFR relation, which might be the result of the nuclear activity. For the general population, our findings translate into AGN having minimal effects on quantities such as gas and dust fractions and star formation efficiencies. If anything, we find hints of a marginal tendency of AGN hosts to be compact at far-IR wavelengths and to display 1.8 times larger dust optical depths. In general, this is consistent with a marginal impact of the nuclear activity on the gas reservoirs and star formation in average star-forming AGN hosts with LIR > 5 × 1011 L⊙, typically underrepresented in surveys of quasars and submillimeter galaxies.
New limit on high Galactic latitude PeVγ-ray flux from Tibet ASγdata
Authors: Neronov A. , Semikoz D. , Vovk Ie.
Published: September 2021

The Tibet ASγcollaboration has recently reported the detection ofγ-rays with energies up to Peta-electronvolt from parts of the Galactic plane. We note that the analysis ofγ-ray flux by the Tibet-ASγexperiment also implies an upper bound on the diffuseγ-ray flux from high Galactic latitudes (|b|> 20°) in the energy range between 100 TeV and 1 PeV. This bound is up to an order of magnitude stronger than previously derived bounds from GRAPES3, KASCADE, and CASA-MIA experiments. We discuss the new Tibet-ASγlimit on the high Galactic latitudeγ-ray flux in the context of possible mechanisms of multi-messenger (γ-ray and neutrino) emission from nearby cosmic ray sources, dark matter decays, and the large-scale cosmic ray halo of the Milky Way.
Long-term multi-band photometric monitoring of Mrk 501
Authors: Arbet-Engels Axel , Baack Dominik , Balbo Matteo , Biland Adrian , Bretz Thomas , Buss Jens , Dorner Daniela , Eisenberger Laura , Elsaesser Dominik , Hildebrand Dorothee , Iotov Roman , Kalenski Adelina , Mannheim Karl , Mitchell Alison , Neise Dominik , Noethe Maximilian , Paravac Aleksander , Rhode Wolfgang , Schleicher Bernd , Sliusar Vitalii , Walter Roland
Published: September 2021

Aims.Radio-to-TeV observations of the bright nearby (z = 0.034) blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501), performed from December 2012 to April 2018, are used to study the emission mechanisms in its relativistic jet.

Methods.We examined the multi-wavelength variability and the correlations of the light curves obtained by eight different instruments, including the First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT), observing Mrk 501 in very high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays at TeV energies. We identified individual TeV and X-ray flares and found a sub-day lag between variability in these two bands.

Results.Simultaneous TeV and X-ray variations with almost zero lag are consistent with synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission, where TeV photons are produced through inverse Compton scattering. The characteristic time interval of 5−25 days between TeV flares is consistent with them being driven by Lense-Thirring precession.
The EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations for Musculoskeletal Ultrasound – Part I: Extraarticular Pathologies
Authors: Fodor Daniela , Rodriguez-Garcia Sebastián C , Cantisani Vito , Hammer Hilde B. , Hartung Wolfgang , Klauser Andrea , Martinoli Carlo , Terslev Lene , Alfageme Fernando , Bong David , Bueno Angel , Collado Paz , D’Agostino Maria Antonietta , de la Fuente Javier , Iohom Gabriella , Kessler Jens , Lenghel Manuela , Malattia Clara , Mandl Peter , Mendoza-Cembranos Dolores , Micu Mihaela , Möller Ingrid , Najm Aurelie , Özçakar Levent , Picasso Riccardo , Plagou Athena , Sala-Blanch Xavier , Sconfienza Luca Maria , Serban Oana , Simoni Paolo , Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Tesch Christian , Todorov Plamen , Uson Jacqueline , Vlad Violeta , Zaottini Federico , Bilous Diana , Gutiu Roxana , Pelea Michael , Marian Anamaria , Naredo Esperanza
Published: September 2021

The first part of the guidelines and recommendations for musculoskeletal ultrasound, produced under the auspices of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB), provides information about the use of musculoskeletal ultrasound for assessing extraarticular structures (muscles, tendons, entheses, ligaments, bones, bursae, fasciae, nerves, skin, subcutaneous tissues, and nails) and their pathologies. Clinical applications, practical points, limitations, and artifacts are described and discussed for every structure. After an extensive literature review, the recommendations have been developed according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine and GRADE criteria and the consensus level was established through a Delphi process. The document is intended to guide clinical users in their daily practice.
Robotics for Acute Care in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Friedman Garrett
Published: September 2021

Robotic surgery is growing exponentially in elective colorectal procedures, but utilization of robotics in urgent and emergency procedures remains low. Robotic surgery can be safely utilized for the management of several acute colorectal operations such as anastomotic leaks, perforated diverticulitis, and more. This chapter discusses safe access principles and planning, as well as technical aspects of these complex procedures, and the pathway to building a 24/7 robotic access culture.
Keep Moving Forward: Health Informatics and Information Management beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Massoudi Barbara L. , Sobolevskaia Diana
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To identify gaps and challenges in health informatics and health information management during the COVID-19 pandemic. To describe solutions and offer recommendations that can address the identified gaps and challenges.

Methods: A literature review of relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature published from January 2020 to December 2020 was conducted to inform the paper.

Results: The literature revealed several themes regarding health information management and health informatics challenges and gaps: information systems and information technology infrastructure; data collection, quality, and standardization; and information governance and use. These challenges and gaps were often driven by public policy and funding constraints.

Conclusions: COVID-19 exposed complexities related to responding to a world-wide, fast moving, quickly spreading novel virus. Longstanding gaps and ongoing challenges in the local, national, and global health and public health information systems and data infrastructure must be addressed before we are faced with another global pandemic.
Mapping the Role of Digital Health Technologies in Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Pandemic: Review of the Literature
Authors: Tilahun Binyam , Gashu Kassahun Dessie , Mekonnen Zeleke Abebaw , Endehabtu Berhanu Fikadie , Angaw Dessie Abebaw
Published: September 2021

Background: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is currently spreading exponentially around the globe. Various digital health technologies are currently being used as weapons in the fight against the pandemic in different ways by countries. The main objective of this review is to explore the role of digital health technologies in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and address the gaps in the use of these technologies for tackling the pandemic.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. The articles were searched using electronic databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, and Hinari. In addition, Google and Google scholar were searched. Studies that focused on the application of digital health technologies on COVID-19 prevention and control were included in the review. We characterized the distribution of technological applications based on geographical locations, approaches to apply digital health technologies and main findings. The study findings from the existing literature were presented using thematic content analysis.

Results: A total of 2,601 potentially relevant studies were generated from the initial search and 22 studies were included in the final review. The review found that telemedicine was used most frequently, followed by electronic health records and other digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the internet of things (IoT). Digital health technologies were used in multiple ways in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including screening and management of patients, methods to minimize exposure, modelling of disease spread, and supporting overworked providers.

Conclusion: Digital health technologies like telehealth, mHealth, electronic medical records, artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and big data/internet were used in different ways for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in different settings using multiple approaches. For more effective deployment of digital health tools in times of pandemics, development of a guiding policy and standard on the development, deployment, and use of digital health tools in response to a pandemic is recommended.
Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics: Recent Research Trends
Authors: Diallo Gayo , Bordea Georgeta ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To introduce and analyse current trends in Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics.

Methods: PubMed search of 2020 literature on public health and epidemiology informatics was conducted and all retrieved references were reviewed by the two section editors. Then, 15 candidate best papers were selected among the 920 references. These papers were then peer-reviewed by the two section editors, two chief editors, and external reviewers, including at least two senior faculty, to allow the Editorial Committee of the 2021 International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook to make an informed decision regarding the selection of the best papers.

Results: Among the 920 references retrieved from PubMed, four were suggested as best papers and the first three were finally selected. The fourth paper was excluded because of reproducibility issues. The first best paper is a very public health focused paper with health informatics and biostatistics methods applied to stratify patients within a cohort in order to identify those at risk of suicide; the second paper describes the use of a randomized design to test the likely impact of fear-based messages, with and without empowering self-management elements, on patient consultations or antibiotic requests for influenza-like illnesses. The third selected paper evaluates the perception among communities of routine use of Whole Genome Sequencing and Big Data technologies to capture more detailed and specific personal information.

Conclusions: The findings from the three studies suggest that using Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics methods could leverage, when combined with Deep Learning, early interventions and appropriate treatments to mitigate suicide risk. Further, they also demonstrate that well informing and empowering patients could help them to be involved more in their care process.