bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Extracellular Vesicles from Ecklonia cava on 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate-Induced Skin Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Kim Geebum , Lee So Young , Oh Seyeon , Jang Jong-Won , Lee Jehyuk , Kim Hyun-Seok , Son Kuk Hui , Byun Kyunghee
Published: November 2024

Steroids, which are often used to treat the inflammation associated with various skin diseases, have several negative side effects. As Ecklonia cava extract has anti-inflammatory effects in various diseases, we evaluated the efficacy of Ecklonia cava-derived extracellular vesicles (EVEs) in decreasing 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation. We determined the effect of the EVEs on the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome in human keratinocytes and mouse ear skin. TPA-treated human keratinocytes showed an increased expression of TLR4 and its ligands HMGB1 and S100A8. TPA also increased the expression of (1) NF-κB; (2) the NLRP3 inflammasome components NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1; and (3) the pyroptosis-related factors GSDMD-NT, IL-18, and IL-1β. However, the expression of these molecules decreased in the TPA-treated human keratinocytes after EVE treatment. Similar to the in vitro results, TPA increased the expression of these molecules in mouse ear skin, and EVE treatment decreased their expression. The TPA treatment of skin increased edema, redness, neutrophil infiltration, and epidermal thickness, and EVE reduced these symptoms of inflammation. In conclusion, the EVEs decreased TPA-induced skin inflammation, which was associated with a decrease in the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome.
Revisioning Healthcare Interoperability System for ABI Architectures: Introspection and Improvements
Authors: Guedes João , Duarte Júlio , Guimarães Tiago , Santos Manuel Filipe
Published: November 2024

The integration of systems for Adaptive Business Intelligence (ABI) in the healthcare industry has the potential to revolutionize and reform the way organizations approach data analysis and decision-making. By providing real-time actionable insights and enabling organizations to continuously adapt and evolve, ABI has the potential to drive better outcomes, reduce costs, and improve the overall quality of patient care. The ABI Interoperability System was designed to facilitate the usage and integration of ABI systems in healthcare environments through interoperability resources like Health Level 7 (HL7) or Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). The present article briefly describes both versions of this software, learning about their differences and improvements, and how they affect the solution. The changes introduced in the new version of the system will tackle code quality with automated tests, development workflow, and developer experience, with the introduction of Continuous Integration and Delivery pipelines in the development workflow, new support for the FHIR pattern, and address a few security concerns about the architecture. The second revision of the system features a more refined, modern, and secure architecture and has proven to be more performant and efficient than its predecessor. As it stands, the Interoperability System poses a significant step forward toward interoperability and ease of integration in the healthcare ecosystem.
Inheritance and Resistance Mechanisms of Field-Evolved Resistance to Pyrethroids in a Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strain from Puerto Rico
Authors: Posos-Parra Omar Alejandro , Pittendrigh Barry R. , Wise John C. , DiFonzo Christina , Patterson Eric , Mota-Sanchez David
Published: November 2024

This study examines resistance inheritance to the pyrethroid insecticides esfenvalerate and deltamethrin in a Puerto Rican strain of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, a major global pest of corn. The resistant strain (PPR) showed significantly higher resistance compared to a susceptible strain (SUS), with a 62-fold X-linked and 15-fold autosomal-linked resistance ratio (RR50) for esfenvalerate and deltamethrin, respectively. Resistance was incompletely dominant for both insecticides. Synergist bioassays revealed that detoxification enzymes play a key role in resistance, with PPR exhibiting increased toxicity across all tested synergists, especially with a 12-fold increase when all were combined. Deltamethrin assays confirmed the importance of these enzymes, with a 17-fold increase in PPR toxicity when combined with esterase inhibitors. These findings highlight the complexity of pyrethroid resistance, involving multiple non-target site mechanisms, and suggest that heterozygous individuals could survive in treated crops due to incomplete dominance. The results emphasize the need for diversified pest management strategies, including insecticide rotation, to effectively control FAW populations.
Epidemiology and Mortality of Surgical Amputations in Severely Injured Patients with Extremity Injuries—A Retrospective Analysis of 32,572 Patients from the TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Scherer Julian , Hax Jakob , Teuben Michel Paul Johan , Pape Hans-Christoph , Lefering Rolf , Sprengel Kai
Published: November 2024

Background: Extremity fractures are common injuries in polytraumatized patients. Concomitant injuries to the soft tissue, vessels and nerves in these fractures are defined as mangled extremities. The decision for or against limb salvage is dependent on the patient’s physiology and the limb status. In severely injured patients with critical physiological status, limb salvage may be contraindicated. International data on the epidemiology and management of mangled limbs in severely injured patients are lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the incidence of polytraumatized patients with severe injuries to either upper (UL) or lower limb (LL) as well as their management. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of patients aged 16 years and above with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16 who sustained fractures to the limbs and were admitted to a certified trauma center of the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) between 2009 and 2019. Results: In total, we assessed 32,572 patients (UL: 14,567, mean age 48.3 years, 70% male and LL: 18,005, mean age 47.0 years, 70.5% male) The mean ISS in UL was 28.8 (LL 29.3). Fractures to the humerus (n = 4969) and radius (n = 7008) were predominantly assessed in UL, and fractures to the femur (n = 9502) and tibia (n = 8076) were most common in LL. In both groups, the most frequent injury mechanism was motor vehicle accidents, and more than half (UL: 9416 and LL: 11,689) of the patients had additional severe Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ≥ 3 chest trauma. 915 patients in UL and 1481 in LL died within 24 h of the index admission. Surgical amputation occurred in 242 (UL) and 422 (LL) cases with a peak ratio in patients with an ISS above 50 in both groups. In both groups, patients with severe concomitant chest trauma were more often surgically amputated. In both groups, fewer patients with surgical amputations died within 24 h of admission (3.3% vs. 6.3% UL; 6.4% vs. 8.3% LL) compared to patients without amputation, but more patients with surgical amputations died within the overall hospital admissions (15.7% vs. 11.9% UL; 19.2% vs. 14.2%). In both groups, hemodynamical shock as well as the administration of Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs) were associated with a higher amputation rate. Conclusions: Surgical amputations after major trauma seem to be rare. Hemodynamical instability seems to play a key role in the management of mangled limbs. Patients with life-saving surgical amputation still have an increased overall in-hospital mortality.
Subclinical Left Atrial Remodeling in Healthy Adults with Left Ventricular ‘Rigid Body Rotation’—Detailed Analysis from the Three-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiographic MAGYAR-Healthy Study
Authors: Nemes Attila
Published: November 2024

Background. While the basal region of the left ventricle (LV) rotates in a clockwise (cw) direction, the apical regions of the LV rotate in a counterclockwise (ccw) direction in healthy circumstances. Although LV rotational mechanics help optimize LV ejection, in some cases, LV twist is missing. This clinical situation, when the LV base and the apex rotate in the same cw or ccw direction, is called LV ‘rigid body rotation’ (LV-RBR). Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) seems to be optimal for the simultaneous assessment of the LV and the left atrium (LA). Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the features of LA remodeling in healthy adults having 3DSTE-derived LV-RBR as compared to subjects with normally directed LV rotational mechanics. Methods. This study consisted of 165 healthy subjects (mean age: 33.1 ± 12.3 years, 75 males), from which 156 individuals showed normally directed LV rotational mechanics, while 9 cases had LV-RBR. Results. When LV-RBR subjects were compared to subjects with normally directed LV rotational mechanics, all LA volumes were increased with preserved LA stroke volumes and (non-significantly) reduced LA emptying fractions. When subgroups were compared with each other, it has been clarified that an enlargement of the LA with increased volumes was limited only to ccwLV-RBR cases. While reduced global peak LA longitudinal strain could be detected in LV-RBR subjects as compared to subjects with normally directed LV rotational mechanics, which was limited to cases with the ccw form of LV-RBR (15.1 ± 4.7% vs. 26.6 ± 9.0%, p < 0.05), the global peak LA radial strain was increased in subjects with cwLV-RBR (−23.4 ± 6.3% vs. −14.7 ± 8.0%, p < 0.05). Increased global LA radial strain at atrial contraction could be detected in LV-RBR subjects (−9.9 ± 7.1% vs. −5.2 ± 5.2%, p < 0.05), which was present in both ccw and cw LV-RBR cases. Conclusions. In healthy adults presenting LV-RBR, subclinical LA remodeling could be detected in both forms of LV-RBR, but more pronounced in those who present a counterclockwise-oriented form.
Do Psychological Factors Affect Life Satisfaction and Pain Interference in Spine Surgery Patients? A 12-Month Follow-Up Study
Authors: Lappalainen Emma , Huttunen Jukka , Kokki Hannu , Toroi Petri , Kokki Merja
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Psychological factors impact patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). This study assessed the influence of preoperative anxiety, depression, and resilience on postoperative pain interference and life satisfaction one year after spine surgery. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of a study involving 120 patients who underwent elective spine surgery and were randomly assigned to receive either tramadol–paracetamol (37.5 mg/325 mg; two tablets; n = 61) or placebo (n = 59) twice per day for pain management during the first five postoperative days. Patients completed the Life Satisfaction Scale-4, Brief Pain Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Resilience Scale-14 questionnaires before surgery and at 28 days and 52 weeks post surgery. The primary outcomes were life satisfaction and pain interference at 12 months after spine surgery and their associations with preoperative anxiety, depression, and resilience. Results: Data from 113 patients (94% response rate) were collected at 52 weeks postoperatively. The number of patients reporting satisfaction with their life increased from three (5%) and two (3%) before surgery to 23 (41%) and 19 (34%), while pain interference decreased from a median of 4.1 to 1.2 and from 4.4 to 1.9 on a scale of 0–10 at 12 months in the placebo and tramadol–paracetamol groups, respectively. The linear regression analysis revealed no statistically significant predictive value for preoperative anxiety, depression, or resilience score for life satisfaction and pain interference at 12 months after spine surgery. Conclusions: These results highlight that psychological factors, anxiety, depression, and resilience did not have an impact on postoperative pain outcomes and life satisfaction in patients undergoing spine surgery.
A Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection on the Performance of Clinical Decision-Making Algorithms for Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Eksioglu Merve , Azapoglu Kaymak Burcu , Elhan Atilla Halil , Cimilli Ozturk Tuba
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Wells and Geneva scores using a 500 ng/mL D-dimer cutoff, as well as the age-adjusted D-dimer (AADD), YEARS, and pulmonary embolism graduated D-dimer (PEGeD) algorithms, in patients with and without COVID-19. Various D-dimer cutoffs were also evaluated. Methods: This retrospective study included emergency department patients who underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). The diagnostic performances of clinical prediction algorithms were compared between COVID-19-positive and -negative groups. Results: We analyzed data from 1423 patients; the PE and COVID-19 positivity rates were 7.3% and 69.9%, respectively. In COVID-19-positive patients, the Wells score with a 500 ng/mL D-dimer cutoff demonstrated 97.22% sensitivity (95% CI: 80.53–100.00) and 4.99% specificity (95% CI: 3.58–6.39). Using AADD raised the specificity to 7.81% (95% CI: 6.08–9.54) while maintaining 97.22% sensitivity (95% CI: 93.43–100.00); similar findings were observed with the Geneva score. The YEARS algorithm had 86.11% sensitivity (95% CI: 78.12–94.10) and 32.75% specificity (95% CI: 29.73–35.78), whereas the PEGeD algorithm showed 86.11% sensitivity (95% CI: 78.12–94.10) and 34.06% specificity (95% CI: 31.00–37.12). Both algorithms demonstrated slightly improved specificity and accuracy in COVID-19-positive patients. Conclusions: The YEARS and PEGeD algorithms showed slight improvements in specificity and accuracy among COVID-19-positive patients. The Wells and Geneva scores maintained higher sensitivity but lower specificity across groups. Adjusting the D-dimer cutoffs increased the specificity but increased the risk of missed diagnoses. Overall, COVID-19 had a minimal impact on PE diagnostic algorithm performances.
Psychoeducational Intervention for Caregivers of Adolescents and Young Adults with Psychiatric Disorders: A 7-Year Systematic Review
Authors: Di Lorenzo Rosaria , Dardi Alice , Serafini Valentina , Amorado Mei Joy , Ferri Paola , Filippini Tommaso
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Psychoeducation is a specialized form of psychological education aimed at helping people suffering from psychological problems and their families. To investigate the efficacy of psychoeducation interventions (PEIs) in improving both the burden and quality of life of caregivers and the health conditions of their adolescent or youth patients. Methods: The following databases were used: PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL Plus with full text, Medline and Nursing Reference Center Plus. Two search strings were developed, one for the mental health conditions of assisted patients and the other one for caregivers. Results: We selected 30 articles and applied two differentiated meta-analyses on 12 of them to evaluate the effectiveness of PEIs. We highlighted a statistically significant superior efficacy of PIEs compared to control groups in five studies in the meta-analysis of studies on caregiver outcomes, and eight studies in the meta-analysis of studies on outcomes of patients cared for. Conclusions: PEIs were shown to be effective in reducing symptoms and hospitalizations in persons cared for, improving their quality of life as well as that of their caregivers. Regarding the caregiver’s care burden, our review suggests that PEIs generally improve burden in caregivers, reducing the perception of their workload in caring for adolescent or youth persons.
Influence of a Lordotic Cage Profile on Global and Segmental Lordosis in the Context of Lumbar TLIF Surgeries: A Retrospective Radiological Analysis
Authors: Schulz Steffen , Fennema Peter , Darwich Ali , Bludau Frederic , Rickert Marcus
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Cage implantation decompresses neural elements, stabilizes segments, and promotes fusion, with sagittal balance influenced by cage size, geometry, and position. This retrospective study compared the effects of lumbar interbody cages with 10° and 15° lordotic angles on global and segmental lordosis in patients undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Methods: Data from 215 patients who underwent 259 TLIF procedures between 2018 and 2022 were analyzed. All the surgeries were performed by a single senior orthopedic spine surgeon, and cages were selected by the surgeon based on patients’ clinical and anatomical factors. Radiographic assessments included measurements of global and segmental lordosis. Results: Patients who received 15° cages demonstrated significantly greater segmental lordosis compared to those who received 10° cages in both bisegmental and monosegmental procedures (p < 0.001). While the global lordosis in the 10°-cage group remained unchanged postoperatively (p = 0.687), bisegmental procedures showed a small but statistically significant increase (p = 0.035). Moreover, global lordosis did not significantly differ between the 10°- and 15°-cage groups. Conclusions: Cage geometry significantly influenced segmental lordosis, with 15° cages achieving overall more superior radiographic results compared to 10° cages. However, global lordosis was unaffected by cage angle, thereby highlighting the multifaceted nature of factors that influence overall spinal alignment. These findings provide valuable insights into lumbar spine surgery, thus emphasizing the need for comprehensive preoperative planning and consideration of individual patient characteristics.
Refractive Outcomes After Cataract Surgery—The Impact of Preoperative Visual Acuity, the Intraocular Lens Model, and the Surgeon’s Experience: An Empirical Analysis of Hungarian and Kosovan Patients
Authors: Shoshi Flaka , Shoshi Fitore , Xhafa Agim , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation comprise a standard procedure for cataract treatment. However, minimal refractive error remains a determinant of postoperative results. Our study aimed to evaluate the refractive outcomes and the impact of the surgeon’s experience and the IOL model on Kosovan and Hungarian patients after cataract surgery. Methods: This study included the preoperative and postoperative data of 1417 patients scheduled to undergo cataract surgery with IOL implantation at two centers: the Ophthalmology Department of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, and the Ophthalmology Department of the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo. STATA and SPSS were used for statistical analysis. Results: The data of 1001 Hungarian and 416 Kosovan patients were included in this study. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the 1-month postoperative best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) (p = 0.001); in the Hungarian patients, the 1-month BCDVA was 85.2%, while in the Kosovan patients, it was 49.6%. Of the 14 different IOLs implanted in the Hungarian patients, the AcrySof IQ toric SN6AT, FineVision HP (POD F GF), and 677MTY IOLs resulted in a statistically significant positive impact on the 1-month postoperative visual acuity (p < 0.05). The AcrySof SA60AT and Akreos ADAPT AO, implanted in the Kosovan patients, had a statistically significant positive impact on the 1-month postoperative visual acuity (p < 0.05). More extensive surgeon experience had a statistically significant positive impact on postoperative outcomes (p < 0.00). Conclusions: Multifocal and toric IOLs showed superiority in terms of postoperative outcomes in our study; therefore, we conclude that greater surgeon experience, the availability of premium IOLs, and appropriate IOL selection have a considerable impact on refractive outcomes after cataract surgery.
Effective Strategies and a Ten-Point Plan for Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Health in Croatia: An Expert Opinion
Authors: Reiner Željko , Jelaković Bojan , Miličić Davor , Bubaš Marija , Balint Ines , Bašić Jukić Nikolina , Bralić Lang Valerija , Beroš Vili , Brkić Biloš Ivana , Canecki Varžić Silvija , Capak Krunoslav , Kralj Verica , Ljubas Ana , Malojčić Branko , Peršić Viktor , Portolan Pajić Ivana , Rahelić Dario , Ružić Alen , Sokol Tomislav , Soldo Ana , Pećin Ivan
Published: November 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Croatia. Since most patients have multiple disorders and diseases caused largely by the same risk factors, and as it is essential to approach each patient as a person with all disorders, today, we are talking about a new paradigm—cardio-renal-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and cardio-renal-metabolic health, which necessarily includes brain health. Elevated systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, smoking, obesity, diabetes, impaired renal function or chronic kidney disease, which all stem from insufficient physical activity, an unhealthy diet with excessive intake of table salt, and air pollution, are the leading causes of overall morbidity and mortality from CKM diseases, especially mortality from CVD. Experts from various fields key to CKM health have written this document with the aim of integrating it as part of the national plan for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases with a focus on CVD, which should become mandatory and be based on the existing guidelines of professional societies.
A Single Session of Temporomandibular Joint Soft Tissue Therapy and Its Effect on Pelvic Floor Muscles Activity in Women—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sulowska-Daszyk Iwona , Gamrot Sara , Handzlik-Waszkiewicz Paulina
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Pelvic floor muscles (PFM) play a vital role in the proper functioning of the pelvic and abdominal organs. The PFM are structurally connected to other areas of the body, forming part of the deep front line. Due to its course, this line connects the PFM with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a single 15-minute soft tissue therapy session in the TMJ on the activity of the PFM. Methods: A total of 47 nulliparous women aged 20–29 years old diagnosed with myofascial pain in the TMJ area were included in the study. PFM were assessed using the Noraxon Ultium device and a vaginal probe, utilizing the surface electromyography (sEMG) method. The sEMG signal was processed with MyoResearch XP software version 1.0. Additionally, bladder floor displacement during PFM contractions was evaluated using an ultrasound imaging device set in B-mode (LOGIQ P7/P9). Results: In the experimental group, following the applied soft tissue therapy, a significant decrease in resting PFM activity between maximal contractions was observed (p < 0.05). The resting PFM activity assessed in the final phase of the measurement protocol was also significantly lower (p < 0.05). During endurance contractions in the experimental group, after the therapy, an 18.05% increase in PFM tension amplitude was noted, although this change was not statistically significant. In the control group, a decrease in amplitude was observed during the second assessment in this phase of the test. Conclusions: A single session of soft tissue therapy in the TMJ area may enhance the ability of the pelvic floor muscles to relax and contribute to improved muscle function by increasing their activation levels during submaximal contractions
The Association Between Major Depression and Alzheimer’s Disease Risk: Evidence from a 12-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sevil-Pérez Anais , López-Antón Raúl , Gracia-García Patricia , de la Cámara Concepción , Gascón-Catalán Ana , Santabárbara Javier
Published: November 2024

Background: The relationship between depression, particularly major depression (MD), as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is well established; however, its precise role remains contested. Findings from the fourth wave of the ZARADEMP longitudinal study provide further insights into the association between MD and AD risk. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between MD and incident AD, controlling for established risk factors. Methods: The study analyzed 4803 participants, of whom 4057 were followed over a 12-year period as part of the ZARADEMP longitudinal study. Depression was assessed using the GMS-AGECAT, and dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. The association between MD and incident AD was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The incidence of AD was approximately twice as high in participants with MD compared to those without (relative risk = 2.07; 95% CI: 0.85–5.03; p = 0.123). This risk was nearly threefold higher in the fully adjusted model. Conclusions: These findings underscore a significant association between MD and an increased risk of AD, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring and potential early intervention among individuals diagnosed with MD.
Impact of Particle Size and Sintering Temperature on Calcium Phosphate Gyroid Structure Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Aspera-Werz Romina Haydeé , Chen Guanqiao , Schilonka Lea , Bouakaz Islam , Bronne Catherine , Cobraiville Elisabeth , Nolens Grégory , Nussler Andreas
Published: November 2024

Due to the chemical composition and structure of the target tissue, autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard for orthopedic applications worldwide. However, ongoing advancements in alternative grafting materials show that 3D-printed synthetic biomaterials offer many advantages. For instance, they provide high availability, have low clinical limitations, and can be designed with a chemical composition and structure comparable to the target tissue. This study aimed to compare the influences of particle size and sintering temperature on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of calcium phosphate (CaP) gyroid scaffolds. CaP gyroid scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing using powders with the same chemical composition but different particle sizes and sintering temperatures. The physicochemical characterization of the scaffolds was performed using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and microtomography analyses. The immortalized human mesenchymal stem cell line SCP-1 (osteoblast-like cells) and osteoclast-like cells (THP-1 cells) were seeded on the scaffolds as mono- or co-cultures. Bone cell attachment, number of live cells, and functionality were assessed at different time points over a period of 21 days. Improvements in mechanical properties were observed for scaffolds fabricated with narrow-particle-size-distribution powder. The physicochemical analysis showed that the microstructure varied with sintering temperature and that narrow particle size distribution resulted in smaller micropores and a smoother surface. Viable osteoblast- and osteoclast-like cells were observed for all scaffolds tested, but scaffolds produced with a smaller particle size distribution showed less attachment of osteoblast-like cells. Interestingly, low attachment of osteoclast-like cells was observed for all scaffolds regardless of surface roughness. Although bone cell adhesion was lower in scaffolds made with powder containing smaller particle sizes, the long-term function of osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells was superior in scaffolds with improved mechanical properties.
Evaluating Brain Tumor Detection with Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks Across Multiple MRI Modalities
Authors: Stathopoulos Ioannis , Serio Luigi , Karavasilis Efstratios , Kouri Maria Anthi , Velonakis Georgios , Kelekis Nikolaos , Efstathopoulos Efstathios
Published: November 2024

Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors represent a significant public health concern due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has emerged as a critical non-invasive modality for the detection, diagnosis, and management of brain tumors, offering high-resolution visualization of anatomical structures. Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have shown potential in augmenting MRI-based diagnostic accuracy for brain tumor detection. In this study, we evaluate the diagnostic performance of six fundamental MRI sequences in detecting tumor-involved brain slices using four distinct CNN architectures enhanced with transfer learning techniques. Our dataset comprises 1646 MRI slices from the examinations of 62 patients, encompassing both tumor-bearing and normal findings. With our approach, we achieved a classification accuracy of 98.6%, underscoring the high potential of CNN-based models in this context. Additionally, we assessed the performance of each MRI sequence across the different CNN models, identifying optimal combinations of MRI modalities and neural networks to meet radiologists’ screening requirements effectively. This study offers critical insights into the integration of deep learning with MRI for brain tumor detection, with implications for improving diagnostic workflows in clinical settings.
Assessment of Beach Erosion Vulnerability in the Province of Valencia, Spain
Authors: Ortiz Pablo , López Isabel , Pagán José Ignacio
Published: November 2024

This research analyses beach vulnerability to erosion along the coast of Valencia province, Spain. The Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) is used to assess vulnerability, considering the following variables: beach width, beach erosion/accretion rate, dune width, wave height, relative coastal flood level, submerged vegetation, upper depth limit of submerged vegetation, and percentage of vegetated dune. The results show that vulnerability varies significantly along the coast. The vulnerability assessment revealed that 26.9% of the coastal sections were classified as having very low susceptibility to erosion, 34.5% as low, 22.3% as moderate, 12% as high, and 4.3% as very high. Urbanized areas with reduced dunes are more vulnerable than natural areas with wide beaches and well-developed dunes. The study highlights and discusses limitations of the CVI method and suggests using the mean instead of the square root to calculate the overall vulnerability index due to the influence of one single variable in this formula. It is concluded that natural areas characterized by the presence of dunes exhibit a diminished vulnerability to erosion when compared to highly urbanized regions devoid of dunes and marine vegetation.
The Controlling Factors and Prediction of Deep-Water Mass Transport Deposits in the Pliocene Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Ge Jiawang , Zhao Xiaoming , Fan Qi , Pang Weixin , Yue Chong , Chen Yueyao
Published: November 2024

Large-scaled submarine slides or mass transport deposits (MTDs) widely occurred in the Pliocene Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea. The good seismic mapping and distinctive topography, as well as the along-striking variation in sediment supply, make it an ideal object to explore the linkage of controlling factors and MTD distribution. The evaluation of the main controlling factors of mass transport deposits utilizes the analysis of terrestrial catastrophes as a reference based on the GIS-10.2 software. The steepened topography is assumed to be an external influence on triggering MTDs; therefore, the MTDs are mapped to the bottom interface of the corresponding topography strata. Based on detailed seismic and well-based observations from multiple phases of MTDs in the Pliocene Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB), the interpreted controlling factors are summarized. Topographic, sedimentary, and climatic factors are assigned to the smallest grid cell of this study. Detailed procedures, including correlation analysis, significance check, and recursive feature elimination, are conducted. A random forest artificial intelligence algorithm was established. The mean value of the squared residuals of the model was 0.043, and the fitting degree was 82.52. To test the stability and accuracy of this model, the training model was used to calibrate the test set, and five times 2-fold cross-validation was performed. The area under the curve mean value is 0.9849, indicating that the model was effective and stable. The most related factors are correlated to the elevation, flow direction, and slope gradient. The predicted results were consistent with the seismic interpretation results. Our study indicates that a random forest artificial intelligence algorithm could be useful in predicting the susceptibility of deep-water MTDs and can be applied to other study areas to predict and avoid submarine disasters caused by wasting processes.
CFD-DEM Simulation on the Main-Controlling Factors Affecting Proppant Transport in Three-Dimensional Rough Fractures of Offshore Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Li Yuanping , Huang Jingwei , Xie Chenyue , Zhao Hui
Published: November 2024

Hydraulic fracturing is a pivotal technique in the development of offshore unconventional reservoirs. While current research has primarily focused on the longitudinal or transverse roughness of fractures, this study shifts the emphasis to their three-dimensional (3D) roughness characteristics. We present a quantitative analysis of proppant transport within 3D rough fractures of offshore unconventional reservoirs, utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the discrete element method (DEM). Our results are validated against experimental data. This study focuses on the main-control factors on the transport of the proppant in rough fractures, including surface roughness, the ratio of lateral to longitudinal forces, the ratio of the proppant diameter to the fracture aperture, and the fracture inclination angle. The results indicate that the rough surface of the fracture has a significant impact on the transport of the proppant, reducing lateral transport distance while increasing the height of the sand dune. Notably, both the lateral transport distance and the height of the sand dune show a quadratic relationship with the fractal dimension of the fractures. In addition, when the ratio of lateral to longitudinal forces is less than one, an increase in fracture roughness significantly reduces the transport efficiency. Once the ratio exceeds one, the effect of fracture roughness on proppant transport becomes negligible. Furthermore, when the ratio of the proppant diameter to the fracture aperture is below 0.25, the roughness has a minimal effect on the lateral transport of the proppant. Our findings, especially the simulation of proppant behavior in realistic 3D fractures, offer a valuable reference point for predicting proppant distribution.
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Swiftly Manipulates the Transcriptional Regulation in Citrus sinensis During the Early Infection Stage
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Wang Xinyou , Zeng Wei , Zhong Leijian , Yuan Xiaoyong , Ouyang Zhigang , Li Ruimin
Published: November 2024

Citrus spp. represent an economically important fruit tree crop worldwide. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between citrus and the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides remain largely unexplored. In this study, we analyzed the physiological and transcriptomic changes in Citrus sinensis at different stages of incubation with C. gloeosporioides. The results indicated that C. gloeosporioides infection rapidly triggered necrosis in the epicarp of C. sinensis fruits, decreased the total flavonoid contents, and suppressed the activity of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes. Upon inoculation with C. gloeosporioides, there were 4600 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 1754 down-regulated and 2846 up-regulated after six hours, while there were only 580 DEGs with 185 down-regulated and 395 up-regulated between six and twelve-hours post-inoculation. Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs, which exhibited consistent up-regulation, were associated with metabolic processes and stress responses. Through Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis, 11 key genes have been identified that could potentially play a role in the transcriptional regulation of this process, including the transcription factor bHLH189. Furthermore, the infection of C. gloeosporioides had a notable effect on both the flavonoid metabolism and the metabolic pathways related to reactive oxygen species. Our findings help to understand the interaction between citrus and C. gloeosporioides and unveil how new insights into how C. gloeosporioides circumvents citrus defense mechanisms.
The Effects of Smoking, Alcohol, and Dietary Habits on the Progression and Management of Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Fatica Mauro , Çela Eneida , Ferraioli Mario , Costa Luisa , Conigliaro Paola , Bergamini Alberto , Caso Francesco , Chimenti Maria Sole
Published: November 2024

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the spine and peripheral joints, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. This narrative review examines how lifestyle factors—specifically smoking, alcohol consumption, and unhealthy diet—contribute to the onset and progression of SpA. It highlights their impact on disease activity, comorbidities, radiographic damage, and treatment response. Therefore, healthcare providers are encouraged to support patients in making personalized lifestyle changes. These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach to SpA management, integrating lifestyle modifications with conventional therapies for optimal disease control and improved outcomes.
Accounting Outsourcing in Tourism SMEs and Financial Risk Mitigation
Authors: Poulaki Ioulia , Kyriakaki Anna , Mavragani Eleni
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to investigate the characteristics of outsourcing in accounting services for tourism SMEs as a choice to mitigate their financial risk. The research was carried out in summer 2022, during tourism recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, while the findings indicate that the majority of tourism SMEs choose to outsource their accounting services in order to reduce operating costs; to save their funds by exploiting a partner’s information systems; to take advantage of a partner’s accounting knowledge; to achieve greater flexibility in their core activities; and to speed up the processing of the accounting tasks in order to deal with any arising problems and/or difficulties. Furthermore, it is evident that in a constantly changing and complex tax system and a changing economic landscape, accounting outsourcing provides tourism SMEs with advantages such as already established processes, expertise, technology, consulting support, and pathways for dealing with the various accounting issues that may arise.
Facilitating Endorsement Efficacy: The Interplay of Parasocial Interaction, Product Placement, and Influencer Type
Authors: Gong Wanqi , Ye Wenqing , Yu Shubin
Published: November 2024

Social media platforms fostering a closer and more intimate bond between celebrities and their fan bases has opened up diverse avenues for product placement. In light of this, this study endeavors to explore the profound influence of parasocial interaction (PSI) and product placement on the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement within the social media landscape. The results derived from an online experiment unveil the positive impact of parasocial interaction on consumers’ attitudes and purchase intention. Notably, the potency of PSI is enhanced when product placement is prominent. The results also uncover the crucial role of brand recall as a mediator in the relationship between parasocial interaction and endorsement outcomes. These findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms governing the influence of parasocial interaction and social media celebrity types in the realm of social media endorsement while also providing valuable insights into the moderating role of product placement. From a practical standpoint, the results underscore the critical importance of carefully selecting celebrity endorsers and strategically positioning products. Armed with this knowledge, marketers and advertisers can better explore the complex landscape of social media endorsement with greater efficacy and precision.
Tracking Moulting Patterns in Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica): A Seven-Year Study at Oceanário de Lisboa
Authors: Sempere Irene B. , Ferreira Ana S. , Baylina Núria D.
Published: November 2024

Moulting is a crucial yet challenging life-history trait to study in seabirds, particularly in the wild. Public aquariums offer valuable opportunities to collect detailed data, which, although not directly transferable to wild populations, provide important insights. At Oceanário de Lisboa, six Fratercula arctica individuals were monitored over seven years to document moulting patterns. The start and end of each moult were consistently recorded around the spring and autumn equinoxes. Pre-alternate moults lasted between 17 and 73 days, while pre-basic moults ranged from 11 to 48 days, with primary moults occurring between the two. This study is the first to document an asynchrony between the primary and the pre-alternate moults in F. arctica, highlighting a previously unreported aspect of the species’ moulting process. This seven-year time series and its findings prompt a call for action for further studies in controlled conditions, to investigate this pattern under different conditions and across puffins’ life stages. Such data could be crucial for developing more effective conservation strategies for this vulnerable species. These findings emphasize the importance of continued monitoring and research on ex situ puffin populations to expand our understanding of their moulting behaviour and its implications for wild populations.
The Road to 2030: Evaluating Europe’s Progress on Sustainable Ecosystem Protection and Restoration
Authors: Firoiu Daniela , Ionescu George H. , Pîrvu Cerasela , Pîrvu Ramona , Cismaș Cristian Mihai , Costin Melinda Petronela
Published: November 2024

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes the interconnectedness of its economic, social, and environmental dimensions, recognizing their essential role in promoting human well-being. This study provides an in-depth analysis of EU Member States’ progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15—Life on Land—as outlined in the 2030 Agenda. Using official data from Eurostat, this study applies the AAA (Holt–Winters) exponential smoothing algorithm to analyze trends in key indicators from 2011 to 2021 and project these trends to 2030. The results reveal notable progress in the first years since the adoption of the 2030 Agenda but also highlights drought and soil erosion as escalating risks, particularly in Mediterranean regions and areas of intensive agriculture (Spain, Cyprus, Greece). Water quality emerges as a critical concern, and, alongside the ongoing rise in soil sealing, presents an added threat to ecological stability, agricultural productivity, and overall well-being.
Integrating Ecosystem Service Values into Urban Planning for Sustainable Development
Authors: Cai Wenbo , Shu Chengji , Lin Li
Published: November 2024

Urbanization, despite driving regional economic growth, has led to significant disparities in development levels among cities. Many studies have made valuable suggestions for ecological conservation in economically underdeveloped regions. However, for medium-level cities with large economic development needs, the question of how to strike a balance between development and conservation in land development patterns is a critical issue to be addressed. By integrating ecosystem services assessment models and land use prediction models, we proposed a framework for guiding future land-use strategies based on ecosystem service values, using Jiaxing City as a case study. Firstly, we assessed and mapped the current status of ecosystem services value. Then, we simulated the land use distribution pattern and ecosystem services value under three development strategies: inertial development, cropland protection, and ecological development. Eventually, we determined the optimal urban land development pattern. The results showed that the total ecosystem service value for Jiaxing is CNY 124.82 billion, with climate regulation, water conservation, and flood mitigation contributing the most. The ecological development strategy yields the highest service value, with a 0.81% increase compared to the current situation, while the cropland protection and inertial development strategies result in decreases of 0.73% and 10.93%, respectively. Furthermore, the ecological strategy expands high-value service areas, concentrated in the northern river network and southern hilly regions. These findings offer valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers in formulating sustainable strategies and integrating ecosystem service values into economic policies to promote urban development.
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Almofarreh Anas M. , Sheerah Haytham A. , Arafa Ahmed , Algori Fairuz A. , Almutairi Ghonem R. , Alenzi Kafi A. , Al-Alsehemi Madiha M. , Mekwar Banan H. , Alzeer Osama , Molla Haneen N.
Published: November 2024

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are chronic conditions with complex etiologies that may involve dietary factors. This study investigates the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of UC and CD, focusing on gender-specific differences. Methods: A hospital-based case–control study, comprising 158 UC patients (93 men and 65 women), 245 CD patients (167 men and 78 women), and 395 controls without IBD (256 men and 139 women), was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Fruit and vegetable consumption data were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire distributed before diagnosis. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for UC and CD among the participants reporting the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables. Results: Among men, daily vegetable consumption was associated with higher odds of UC in the age-adjusted model [OR (95% CI): 1.78 (1.02, 3.10)], but this association became non-significant after further adjustment for body mass index, smoking, anemia, and elevated liver enzymes [OR (95% CI): 1.70 (0.91, 3.18)]. No significant associations were observed between vegetable consumption and CD. In contrast, the women who consumed vegetables every day had a non-significant inverse association with UC and a significant inverse association with CD in both the age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted models [ORs (95% CIs): 0.44 (0.23, 0.87) and 0.41 (0.20, 0.84), respectively]. Fruit consumption was neither associated with UC nor CD in either sex. Conclusions: Daily vegetable consumption was significantly associated with decreased odds of CD among women, but not men, highlighting potential sex-specific dietary influences on IBD risk.
Cyclo[Tri(thiomethyl-1,2-phenylmethylene)]
Authors: Simón Marqués Pablo , Bréfuel Nicolas , Kammerer Claire
Published: November 2024

During the purification of a reported compound named 1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]thiophene, we isolated an unexpected molecule in one of the chromatography fractions by serendipity. Structural elucidation using common techniques such as 1D and 2D NMR, and mass spectrometry revealed the nature of this novel product characterized as cyclo[tri(thiomethyl-1,2-phenylmethylene)].