bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comportamiento informativo de estudiantes en Bibliotecología: la satisfacción de necesidades de información
Authors: Sabelli Martha , Bercovich Ingrid
Published: June 2018

La investigación presentada forma parte de una nueva línea de investigación en Uruguay sobre el comportamiento informativo de los estudiantes de las licenciaturas en Bibliotecología y Archivología del Instituto de Información de la Facultad de Información y Comunicación (FIC) de la Universidad de la República (Udelar). El punto de partida ha sido la participación en el macroproyecto “Las necesidades de información de la comunidad bibliotecológica a nivel de las Licenciaturas en México, España, Brasil y Uruguay” (2014-2016), centrado en un estudio comparativo entre México, España, Brasil y Uruguay. La población corresponde a los alumnos de Bibliotecología en el primero y último año de la carrera. Esta comunicación refiere a la investigación en Uruguay sobre una de las fases del fenómeno de las necesidades de investigación, la satisfacción, última etapa del modelo. El enfoque toma en cuenta los principales referentes teórico-metodológicos de investigación sobre comportamiento informativo desarrollados en Uruguay durante un largo lapso por equipos interdisciplinarios de Udelar (1992-2016) y por tanto emergen en el estudio.
Influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the reaction between nile blue a and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Jankovic Ivana , Cakar Miram , Nedeljkovic Jovan
Published: June 2018

The influence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate on the rate of
the reaction between the cationic form of Nile Blue A and hydrogen peroxide
was investigated in the pH range from 5 to 8.5. A retardation of the
oxidation of Nile Blue A with hydrogen peroxide of three orders of magnitude
was observed at pH 8.5 in the presence of anionic micelles compared to the
kinetic data in water. The retardation effect was less pronounced at lower
pH values. These effects were explained by the electrostatic interaction of
the species involved in the reaction with the negatively charged micellar
surface and their effective separation in the vicinity of the micellar
surface.
Investigation of Hg 1-X Cdx te epitaxial vapor phase growth under isothermal conditions
Authors: Jovic Vesna , Djinovic Zoran
Published: June 2018

The Hg 1. x Cd x Te layers were grown by vapor phase epitaxy on Cd-terminated
{111} CdTe single crystal substrates from a HgTe solid source under
isothermal conditions in a semi-closed system with controlled Hg vapor
pressure. The growth kinetics were investigated in the temperature region
from 420?C to 550?C with different source to substrate spacings, varying
from 1 to 11 mm. It was found that the dependence of the growth rate on
temperature could be well described by an Arrhenius type equation with an
activation energy of 80 kJ/mol in the investigated temperature interval. The
activation energies for the crystallization were the same for all the
investigated source to substrate spacing.This activation energy value points
to the importance of a solid-state diffusion process in the Hg 1-x Cdx
Te/CdTe epitaxial couple obtained by isothermal growth under the given
experimental conditions.
The kerogen vanadyl porphyrins: Incorporation during catagenesis
Authors: Premovic Pavle , Tonsa Ivana , Djordjevic Dragan , Premovic Miroslav
Published: June 2018

Natural vanadyl (VO 2+)-deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrins (DPEP) have been
shown to be capable of reacting and quantitatively incorporating into
immature kerogen model materials (torbanite, lignites, subbituminous coal
and immature lacustrine kerogen) at 200?C for 72 h in the
absence/presence of air. Electron spin resonance was used to monitor the
incorporation of VO 2+-DPEP into the kerogen models. The products of the
incorporation resemble natural kerogen enriched withVO 2+ . The simulation
experiments described in this paper clearly show that the kerogen VO 2+-P
may originate from VO 2+-DPEPincorporation into the kerogen macromolecular
structures during catagenesis.
The thermal decomposition of the pyridine saccharinates of Co, Ni and Cu: A correlation of the structural and the infrared data
Authors: Naumov Pance , Jovanovski Gligor , Jordanovska Vera , Boyanov Boyan
Published: June 2018

In order to investigate the differences in the stability of the isomorphous
pyridine saccharinates [Co(H2O)4(C5H5N)2](C7H4NO3S)2.4H2O and
[Ni(H2O)4(C5H5N)2] (C7H4NO3S)2.4H2O, their thermal behavior (TG, DTG and
DTAcurves) from ambient temperature up to 1000 ?C in a static air atmosphere
was studied. For comparative purposes, the thermoanalytical curves of
[Cu(H2O)(C5H5N)2(C7H4NO3S)2] were recorded as well. The decomposition
pathways and the stability of the compounds are interpreted in the terms of
the structural data. A possible mechanism for the decomposition of the
saccharinato ion/ligand in an oxidizing atmosphere is proposed.The infrared
spectral characteristics of the complexes are also discussed.
Metal complexes of triazine - Schiff bases: Spectroscopic and thermodynamic studies of complexation of some divalent metal ions with 3-(α-acetylethylidenehydrazino)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine
Authors: Mashaly M. , Bayoumi H.A. , Taha A.
Published: June 2018

Metal complexes of some divalent metal ions (Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) with 3-(?-
acetylethylidenehydrazino)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine (AHDT) as a
Schiff-base have been investigated potentiometrically and
spectrophotometrically and found to have the stoichiometric formulae 1:1 and
1:2 (M:L). The formation constants of the proton-ligand and metal-ligand
complexes have been determined potentiometrically at different temperatures
(10, 20, 30, 40 and 50?C) at an ionic strength of 0.1MKNO3 in 75%(v/v)
dioxane-water solution. The standard thermodynamic parameters, viz. ?Go,
?Ho, and ?So, for the proton-ligand and the stepwise metal-ligand complexes
have been evaluated.
The kinetics of the reduction of the lipophilic quinone avarone by N-alkyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamides of various lipophilicities
Authors: Zlatovic Mario , Sladic Dusan , Gasic Miroslav
Published: June 2018

Several NADH model compounds, N-alkyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamides, some of them
possessing amphiphilic properties, have been synthesized, and the kinetics
of their reaction with a biologically active liphophilic quinone, avarone,
has been studied in a protic solvent both in the presence and absence of
cationic, anionic or non-ionic surfactants. In the absence of micellar
agents, the medium- and long-chain N-dodecyl (3) and N-heptadecyl (4)
derivatives show a significant increase in the reaction rates compared to
other model compounds, due to the stabilization of the semiquinone
intermediate. Anionic surfactants retard the reaction, non-ionic surfactants
slightly accelerate the reaction with the short-chain derivatives, and
retard the reaction with the medium- and long-chain derivatives, and the
cationic surfactants increase the reaction rate with all derivatives except
the long-chain 4. The results support the e-p-e mechanism of the reduction
of lipophilic quinones byNADHmodels in protic medium.
Kinetics of pyrite oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in phosphoric acid solutions
Authors: Dimitrijevic Mile , Antonijevic Milan , Dimitrijevic Valentina
Published: June 2018

The kinetics of pyrite oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in phosphoric acid
solutions were investigated. The effects of stirring, temperature, and
particle size, as well as of the hydrogen peroxide and phosphoric acid
concentrations were studied. The effect of phosphate ion addition was also
examined. The oxidation kinetics was found to follow a shrinking core model,
with the surface chemical reaciton as the rate-controlling step. This is in
accord with an activation energy of 57 kJ/mol and a linear relationship
between the rate constant and the reciprocal of the particle radius. The
reaction order with respect to the hydrogen peroxide concentration was found
to be equal to unity. Variation of the phosphoric acid concentration had
practically no effect on the rate of pyrite oxidation. Addition of the
phosphate ion in the relatively low concentration range (0.005.0.1 mol/dm 3) had a highly negative influence on the rate of pyrite oxidation,
indicating that this ion has an inhibiting effect on the oxidation of pyrite
by hydrogen peroxide.
Cephalometric characteristics of postorthodontic female patients with attractive and unattractive frontal posed smiles
Authors: Kawashima Yuka , Kure Kyoko , Arai Kazuhito
Published: June 2018

Objectives:

To identify differences in skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue morphology between postorthodontic patients with attractive and unattractive frontal posed smiles.

Materials and Methods:

The attractiveness of close-up photographs of frontal posed smiles in 100 adult female patients after conventional orthodontic treatment was evaluated by 20 dental students (10 men, 10 women) using a visual analogue scale. Posttreatment cephalograms of the 20 patients with the most attractive smiles (attractive group; mean age 23.75 ± 3.35 years) and the 20 patients with least attractive smiles (unattractive group; mean age 23.11 ± 4.45 years) were selected, and 41 measurements were made and compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U-test (P < .05).

Results:

When compared with the attractive group, the unattractive group exhibited greater values for sella-nasion plane to mandibular plane, palatal plane to mandibular plane, anterior facial height, lower facial height, and lower facial height/anterior facial height as skeletal measurements; for occlusal plane to sella-nasion plane, palatal plane to occlusal plane, and maxillary central incisor to palatal plane as dental measurements; and for lower face, upper lip length, and upper lip superior to palatal plane as soft-tissue measurements.

Conclusions:

Cephalometric analysis revealed that postorthodontic Japanese female patients with unattractive frontal posed smiles are characterized by a hyperdivergent skeletal pattern with extruded maxillary incisors and a steep occlusal plane, accompanied by a longer upper lip than patients achieving attractive posed frontal smiles.
"¡Que le quieren dar veneno al señor arzobispo-virrey!" Historia de una conspiración dirimida por la Inquisición de la Nueva España (agosto de 1809-enero de 1810)
Authors: Mejía Chávez Carlos Gustavo
Published: June 2018

El propósito de este trabajo es el de ofrecer una interpretación historiográfica sobre un capítulo de la vida y actividad política del arzobispo-virrey Francisco Xavier de Lizana y Beaumont, vinculada a las diligencias del Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición durante los últimos meses de 1809, hasta enero de 1810. Mediante el examen a un documento del ramo Inquisición del Archivo General de la Nación, se demostrará que una vez que Lizana y Beaumont se convirtió en la cabeza del gobierno novohispano, tomó la decisión de respaldarse en los ministros del Tribunal inquisitorial, manteniéndose al tanto los rumores que se discutían sobre la organización de una conjura, en que se vinculó a los miembros del Real Acuerdo, que buscaba asesinarlo. El temor a que los rumores sobre la conspiración fueran ciertos urgió al arzobispo-virrey solicitarles a los ministros del Tribunal de la fe, y no a la Junta de Seguridad y Buen Orden, que dirimiesen sobre los testimonios para determinar la verdad sobre la confabulación.
Historia global. Presentación
Authors: Hausberger Bernd , Pani Erika
Published: June 2018

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Clinical features and outcome in horses with severe large intestinal thickening diagnosed with transabdominal ultrasonography: 25 cases (2003–2010)
Authors: Biscoe Elizabeth W. , Whitcomb Mary Beth , Vaughan Betsy , Dechant Julie E. , Magdesian K. Gary
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE To describe clinical features and outcome of horses with severe large intestinal thickening diagnosed with transabdominal ultrasonography.

DESIGN: Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS 25 horses.

PROCEDURES Medical records of horses that underwent transabdominal ultrasonography between 2003 and 2010 were reviewed. Horses were included if the wall of the large intestine was ≥ 9 mm thick in any of 6 abdominal zones.

RESULTS Median age was 13 years (range, 3 to 28 years). Horses were initially examined because of colic, diarrhea, inappetence, weight loss, lethargy, fever, or hematuria. Severe large intestinal thickening (range, 9 to 46.6 mm; mean ± SD, 18.8 ± 6.8 mm) was the primary ultrasonographic finding in all horses. Thickened large intestine was more likely to be detected in ventral versus upper (ie, combined paralumbar and intercostal) abdominal zones and in right versus left zones. Eleven horses survived and had resolution of clinical signs, including the l horse treated surgically for colon torsion. An additional horse survived but continued to have intermittent colic. Ten horses were euthanized or died, including 3 horses with neoplasia and 3 with colitis. Three horses were lost to follow-up, including 1 horse with a cecal mass and 1 with hepatosplenic lymphoma. Severity of thickening and number of zones affected were not significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that in horses undergoing transabdominal ultrasonography, large intestinal wall thickness ≥ 9 mm may be detected in patients with a variety of conditions. Ultrasonographic examination of all abdominal zones was helpful to determine the extent of thickening and identify additional findings that helped prioritize differential diagnoses.
Characterization of women at risk of breast cancer at Primary Health Care / Caracterização de mulheres com risco do câncer de mama na Atenção Primária à Saúde / Caracterización de mujeres con riesgo de cáncer de mama..
Authors: Milanez Letícia De Sousa , Oliveira Vinicius Alexandre Da Silva , Vilarinho Maria Luci Costa Machado
Published: June 2018

Objetivo: caracterizar mulheres em faixa etária de risco do câncer de mama usuárias da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, transversal com abordagem quantitativa, em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Teresina, Piauí. A pesquisa foi realizada com 80 mulheres na faixa de 50 a 69 anos e a coleta de dados ocorreu no período de agosto a novembro de 2017. Resultados: a maioria das mulheres (72,5%) tinha entre 50 a 59 anos, possuíam ensino fundamental incompleto (46,3%) e estavam com sobrepeso (40,0%).  Muitas não faziam uso de álcool (88,8%), não eram fumantes (83,8%), mas não praticavam atividade física (60,0%). Destaca-se que 18,8% das mulheres possuíam histórico familiar desse tipo de câncer, 50% faziam o autoexame, sendo que 30% destas faziam raramente. Relataram ainda, jamais terem sido examinadas por profissionais, 56,2%; e que, nunca fizeram mamografia, 23,8%. Conclusão: apesar das ações de promoção e prevenção da saúde realizadas nas referidas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, o estudo apontou que, um número significativo de mulheres na faixa etária de50 a 69 anos estão expostas a riscos importantes de câncer de mama e ainda persistem sem realizar os exames de rastreamento.Descritores: Neoplasias da Mama. Saúde da Mulher. Atenção Primária à Saúde. Perfil de Saúde.
EDUCATOR N. N. BLINOV AND HIS UDMURT ABC-BOOK “LYDZON”
Authors: Ivshin Leonid Mikhailovich
Published: June 2018

The article examines graphical, orthographical, dialect and lexical peculiarities of one of the written monuments of the Udmurt language - the ABC-book compiled by the Vyatka teacher, educator and priest N. N. Blinov in 1967. The analysis indicated that the script and orthography practically do not differ from the writing system that was used in previously published Udmurt books. The dialect basis of the monument is the Northern Udmurt dialect. The research findings will contribute to tackling the problems of formation and development of the Udmurt literary language.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF TOPONYMS AND MICRO-TOPONYMS OF AKHTYNSKY DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
Authors: Ramazanova Latifa Dashdemirovna
Published: June 2018

The article for the first time examines toponyms and micro-toponyms of Akhtynsky district of the Republic of Dagestan in the structural and word-formative aspect. The study is based on the toponymical material of 36 settlements of the district. Special attention is paid to micro-toponyms of deserted settlements (17 in total), in particular, to the unfixed material, which is in danger of extinction. The author analyzes the component structure (simple, complex, compound toponyms) of the district toponymical system, classifies toponyms and micro-toponyms according to word-formative and morphological models, and identifies their peculiarities.
V. A. BOGORODITSKII ON THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE BORROWINGS
Authors: Samarin Dmitrii Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2018

The article considers the Kazan scientist-linguist V. A. Bogoroditskii’s views on borrowings in the Russian language and their functions. At the same time, the Russian researcher assesses their frequency in speech. In his opinion, borrowings are one of the most important sources of the development of any language. V. A. Bogoroditskii’s linguistic conception and his theory of borrowings, as it is stated in this article, significantly influenced not only the ideas of many scientists of his time, but also modern Russian and foreign linguists.
POLYSEMANTIC NOUN TERRA IN EXPLANATORY DICTIONARIES OF THE MODERN PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE
Authors: Silkina Inessa Alekseevna
Published: June 2018

The article analyzes, compares and summarizes the definitions of the polysemantic noun “terra” fixed in explanatory dictionaries. Summarizing lexicographical definitions helps to discover important information on the word semantics, its place in the lexical norm of the modern Portuguese language. The study aims to compile a new list of the word definitions, revised and supplemented on the basis of the conducted analysis. Such an approach allows identifying the total amount, composition and structure of the meanings and can serve as a basis for more comprehensive semantic analysis.
PECULIARITIES OF SYNONYMOUS RELATIONS OF EMOTIVE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN THE KABARDIAN-CIRCASSIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Tokmakova Madina Khasanbievna
Published: June 2018

The article is devoted to emotive phraseological units in the Kabardian-Circassian language. The important role of these emotives in the national consciousness of the Adygs is noted. The author examines one of the characteristic semantic relations of phraseological emotives - synonymy. The study singles out the groups of emotions that form the largest number of synonymous series. The role of the word “ гу ” (heart) in the synonymous relations of emotive phraseological units is revealed. The participation of these linguistic units as synonyms in the hyper-hyponymic relations of the Kabardian-Circassian language is found out. The paper considers the main types of synonymous links of phraseological emotives.
THE CONCEPT “SPACE” IN THE EPIC WORLD VIEW
Authors: Khertek Lidiya Kendenovna
Published: June 2018

The article considers the specificity of the perception and verbal representation of the concept “space” in the epic world view. The paper analyzes the semantics of the linguistic units that objectify the concept “space”. As a result of the research it is ascertained that the concept “space” as a special type of the ethno-cultural concept represents the national-cultural and axiological specificity of the epic world view. The author emphasizes that the epic space with its multilayeredness in the vertical projection and the fundamental property of endlessness in the horizontal plane corresponds to the world perception of the bearers of the Tuvan epic tradition, the deep reality of their mythopoetic consciousness.
LEXICOGRAPHICAL AND COMMUNICATIVE MEANING OF THE ENGLISH LEXEME “HEAVY” IN THE COMPARATIVE ASPECT
Authors: Shirshikova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Koltakova Sof'ya Vladimirovna , Nerovnaya Nadezhda Aleksandrovna
Published: June 2018

The article analyzes the functioning of the English lexeme “heavy”. The paper provides the comparative description of the lexicographical and communicative meaning of the lexeme “heavy”. The originality of the study involves the integration of lexicographical and contextual methods for objective description of the lexeme semantics. The relevance of the study is determined by the necessity to discover the lexeme semantics actually existing in the native speakers’ linguistic consciousness. The research findings allowed the authors to identify similarities and differences in the content of the analyzed meanings.
The rush to publish: Where are we heading?
Authors: Roy Deepak Kumar
Published: June 2018

Not available.Journal of Kathmandu Medical College,Vol. 6, No. 4, Issue 22, Oct.-Dec., 2017, Page : 127-128
Morphological criteria of oocyte quality
Authors: Lasienë Kristina , Vitkus Aleksandras , Valanèiûtë Angelija , Lasys Vidmantas
Published: June 2018

In vitro fertilization technology consists of the selection and fertilization of oocytes, the production and transplantation of embryos to recipients. The quality of oocytes has a direct impact on the fertilization and developmental competence of oocytes. Criteria that show the quality of oocytes are subdivided into morphological, cellular, and molecular. The aim of this article was to review the morphological criteria that are used for estimation of the quality of oocytes before their fertilization in vitro. These criteria include the evaluation of the structure of oocyte: cumulus complex, oocyte cytoplasm, polar body, perivitelline space, zona pellucida, and meiotic spindle.
Determination of the Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Salvia viridis L. Shoots: A Comparison of Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Extracts
Authors: Grzegorczyk-Karolak Izabela , Kiss Anna K.
Published: June 2018

Salvia viridis L. is an annual herb used in Mediterranean medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the polyphenol profile of aqueous (decoction and infusion) and hydroethanolic extracts of aerial parts of field-grown S.viridis and to evaluate their antioxidant activity. The polyphenol profiling was performed via UPLC-DAD/ESI-MS. Additionally, the total polyphenol content in extracts tested were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The antioxidant effect was evaluated by the FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, O2•− scavenging and TBARS methods. The hydroethanolic extract gave the highest content of total phenolic compounds, followed by the infusion. The UPLC-DAD/ESI-MS analysis of extracts showed a total of 19 phenolic compounds identified as flavonoids (four compounds), phenylethanoids (eight compounds) and phenolic acids (seven compounds). Rosmarinic acid was the predominant phenolic acid, verbascoside was the predominant phenylethanoid, while apigenin glucuronide or methylluteolin glucuronide, depending on the sample, were the predominant flavonoids in the analyzed extracts. The presence of a high polyphenol level indicated a high antioxidant activity of both the infusion and the hydroalcoholic extract. These results indicate that S. viridis is a rich resource of phenolic compounds and can be used in dietary applications with the potential to reduce oxidative stress.
Design of Inkjet-Printed RFID-Based Sensor on Paper: Single- and Dual-Tag Sensor Topologies
Authors: Kim Sangkil , Georgiadis Apostolos , Tentzeris Manos M.
Published: June 2018

The detailed design considerations for the printed RFID-based sensor system is presented in this paper. Starting from material selection and metallization method, this paper discusses types of RFID-based sensors (single- & dual-tag sensor topologies), design procedures, and performance evaluation methods for the wireless sensor system. The electrical properties of the paper substrates (cellulose-based and synthetic papers) and the silver nano-particle-based conductive film are thoroughly characterized for RF applications up to 8 GHz. The reported technology could potentially set the foundation for truly “green”, low-cost, scalable wireless topologies for autonomous Internet-of-Things (IoT), bio-monitoring, and “smart skin” applications.
Antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in primary care: an updated and expanded meta-ethnography
Authors: Germeni Evi , Frost Julia , Garside Ruth , Rogers Morwenna , Valderas Jose M , Britten Nicky
Published: June 2018

Background

Reducing unnecessary prescribing remains a key priority for tackling the global rise of antibiotic-resistant infections.

Aim

The authors sought to update a 2011 qualitative synthesis of GPs’ experiences of antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), including their views of interventions aimed at more prudent prescribing. They expanded the original scope to encompass all primary care professionals (PCPs) who can prescribe or dispense antibiotics for ARTIs (for example, nurses and pharmacists).

Design and setting

Systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies.

Method

A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ASSIA, and Web of Science. No date or language restrictions were used. Identified studies were grouped according to their thematic focus (usual care versus intervention), and two separate syntheses were performed.

Results

In all, 53 articles reporting the experiences of >1200 PCPs were included. Analysis of usual-care studies showed that PCPs tend to assume multiple roles in the context of ARTI consultations (the expert self, the benevolent self, the practical self), depending on the range of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and contextual situations in which they find themselves. Analysis of intervention studies identified four possible ways in which PCPs may experience quality improvement interventions (compromise, ‘supportive aids’, source of distress, and unnecessary).

Conclusion

Contrary to the original review, these results suggest that the use of the same intervention is experienced in a totally different way by different PCPs, and that the same elements that are perceived as benefits by some could be viewed as drawbacks by others. Acceptability of interventions is likely to increase if these are context sensitive and take into account PCPs’ varying roles and changing priorities.
Francos y vascos en el norte de Castilla (IX-XIII) : los cambios en las denominaciones personales
Authors: Ramos Remedios Emiliana
Published: June 2018

This paper contributes to the studies on the evolution of anthroponymic structures in northern Castile between the ninth and thirteenth centuries. To that effect, a set of 149 documents of the Monastery of San Salvador de Oña (Burgos) related to the northern region of the provinces of Burgos and Palencia is analysed. Firstly, development of the name structures across this period is explored. Secondly, some of the components of the names – that are the origin of Castilian surname – are described and evaluated. Observed changes are commons to the rest of Christian Europe, and in addition, many of these innovations are related to the mobility of the medieval population. In this sense, the anthroponyms of this documents highlight two migration flows in this Castilian area : the Western Basques and the Francos (Occitans and Catalans).
Celtibérico boustom, iberorromance busto “pastizal, vacada” y bosta “boniga”
Authors: Santano Moreno Julián
Published: June 2018

L’article porte sur l’appellatif busto "pâturage, troupeau" et sa distribution dans la toponymie de la Péninsule Ibérique. En tant que nom de lieu l’on trouve aussi des attestations médiévales dans le domaine de la langue d'oc. Les glossaires latins médiévaux attestent busto dans une aire géographique plus large : l'Italie, la France, l'Espagne, l'Angleterre, l'Allemagne et la Hongrie. Du point de vue étymologique, l’on a considéré busto un composé de type latin, nous croyons qu’on peut le rapprocher de celtibère boustom [ K. 1.1, A-4] du Bron e de Botorrita I. D’autre part, l’on cherche à identifier la base étymologique de l’appellatif bosta "bouse", étroitement rattachée à la racine de busto, et attestée, avec différents suffixes, dans d'autres domaines linguistiques comme le sud de la France et le nord de l''Italie.
Repair of the Released Conjoined Tendon After Direct Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Gladnick Brian P. , Masonis John L.
Published: June 2018

Release of the conjoined tendon has been reported to facilitate femoral exposure during a direct anterior hip approach. However, the authors are not familiar with any description of an anterior approach repair technique for this important structure. Conjoined tendon repair is commonly performed in the posterior approach to help preserve hip biomechanics and restore anatomic tissue planes. The authors describe their algorithm for sequential soft tissue releases to facilitate femoral exposure and a technique for repairing the insertion of the conjoined tendon after it has been released for exposure during the direct anterior approach. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(4):e583–e586.]
Neonatal Compartment Syndrome Treated Within the First 24 Hours of Life
Authors: Tetreault Allison K. , Axibal Derek P. , Scott Frank A.
Published: June 2018

Neonatal compartment syndrome is rare. There are multiple proposed etiologies, including infection, vascular insult, and mechanical compression. Much like compartment syndrome in adults, delayed surgical intervention for neonatal compartment syndrome can have catastrophic results. The authors present a unique case of a neonate who presented with left forearm and hand swelling and skin ulceration after vaginal delivery. Findings from the evaluation for vascular injury, infection, and hypercoagulability were normal. The neonate was diagnosed with compartment syndrome and underwent decompressive fasciotomy of the forearm flexor and extensor compartments as well as hand intrinsic and thenar compartments within the first 24 hours of life. At 5 years old, the patient had progressive radial clubbing and a 41-mm limb length discrepancy due to growth arrest at the distal radial physis. A radial distraction osteogenesis was then performed. Postoperatively, the patient continues to improve her range of motion and strength through rehabilitation. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(5):e731–e733.]
Changes in Muscle Thickness Across Positions on Ultrasound Imaging in Participants With or Without a History of Low Back Pain
Authors: Sutherlin Mark A. , Gage Matthew , Mangum L. Colby , Hertel Jay , Russell Shawn , Saliba Susan A. , Hart Joseph M.
Published: June 2018

Context: 

Injury-prediction models have identified trunk muscle function as an identifiable factor for future injury. A history of low back pain (HxLBP) may also place athletes at increased risk for future low back pain. Reduced muscle thickness of the lumbar multifidus (LM) and transversus abdominis (TrA) has been reported among populations with clinical low back pain via ultrasound imaging in multiple positions. However, the roles of the LM and TrA in a more functional cohort and for injury prediction are still unknown.

Objectives: 

To (1) assess the reliability of LM and TrA ultrasound measures, (2) compare changes in muscle thickness across positions between persons reporting or not reporting HxLBP, and (3) determine the ability to distinguish between groups.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Participants were 34 people who did not report HxLBP (age = 22 ± 7 years, body mass index = 23.7 ± 2.7) and 25 people who reported HxLBP (age = 25 ± 10 years, body mass index = 24.0 ± 3.2).

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Muscle thickness and changes in muscle thickness of the LM and TrA as shown on ultrasound imaging.

Results: 

Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.641 to 0.943 for all thickness measures and from 0 to 0.693 for all averaged thickness modulations bilaterally. Participants who reported HxLBP had voluntarily reduced TrA thickness modulations compared with those not reporting HxLBP (P = .03), and the testing position influenced TrA thickness modulations (P < .01). No differences were observed for LM thickness modulations between groups or positions (P > .05). A tabletop cutoff value of 1.32 had a sensitivity of 0.640 and a specificity of 0.706, whereas a seated cutoff value of 1.18 had a sensitivity of 0.600 and a specificity of 0.647.

Conclusions: 

In participants reporting HxLBP, TrA thickness modulations were lower and both tabletop and seated thickness modulations were able to distinguish reported HxLBP status. These findings suggest that TrA muscle function may be altered by HxLBP.
Aggravation of Gummy Smile by Straight-Wire Mechanics and its Management with or without Orthognathic Surgery Up to 10-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Franklin She Tsang Tsang , Keung Chow Raymond Lop
Published: June 2018

Two female patients presented with gummy smile, maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and total vertical maxillary excess, retroclined incisors, and increased overbite received orthodontic camouflage with straight-wire mechanics by general dentists. The treatments caused severe bowing of upper occlusal plane which aggravated the gummy smile and had led them to seek specialist care. They were successfully managed by orthodontic camouflage and combined surgical-orthodontic treatment, respectively, in conjunction with the application of miniscrews on straight-wire mechanics. Aggravation of gummy smile by straight-wire mechanics, use of visual treatment objective to differentiate between orthodontic camouflage and surgical cases, and LeFort I segmentalization were discussed.
On the mechanisms of warming the mid-Pliocene and the inference of a hierarchy of climate sensitivities with relevance to the understanding of climate futures
Authors: Chandan Deepak , Peltier W. Richard
Published: June 2018

Abstract. We present results from our investigation into the physical mechanisms through which the mid-Pliocene, with a pCO2 of only  ∼  400 ppmv, could have supported the same magnitude of global warmth as has been projected for the climate at the end of the 21st century when pCO2 is expected to be 3 times higher. These mechanisms allow us to understand the warming in terms of changes to the radiative properties of the surface, the clouds, greenhouse gases, and changes to the meridional heat transport. We find that two-thirds of the warming pervasive during the mid-Pliocene, compared to the preindustrial, could be attributed to the reduction in the planetary emissivity owing to the higher concentrations of the greenhouse gases CO2 and water vapor, and the remaining one-third to the reduction in planetary albedo. We also find that changes to the orography and the pCO2 are the leading causes of the warming with each contributing in roughly equal parts to a total of 87 % of the warming and changes to the polar ice sheets responsible for the remaining warming. Furthermore, we provide a mid-Pliocene perspective on ongoing efforts to understand the climate system's sensitivity at various timescales and using multiple lines of evidence. The similarities in the boundary conditions between the mid-Pliocene and the present day, together with the globally elevated temperatures, make the mid-Pliocene an ideal paleo time period from which to derive inferences of climate sensitivity and assess the impacts of various timescale-dependent feedback processes. We assess a hierarchy of climate sensitivities of increasing complexity in order to explore the response of the climate over a very large range of timescales. The picture that emerges is as follows: on the short timescale, owing to the influence of fast feedback processes, the climate sensitivity is 3.25 °C per doubling of CO2; sensitivity increases to 4.16 °C per doubling of CO2 on an intermediate timescale as the ice–albedo feedback becomes active, and then sensitivity further increases to 7.0 °C per doubling of CO2 on long timescales due to the feedback from the glacial isostatic adjustment of the Earth's surface in response to the melting of the polar ice sheets. Finally, once the slow feedbacks have stabilized, the sensitivity of the system drops to 3.35 °C per doubling of CO2. Our inference of the intermediate-timescale climate sensitivity suggests that the projected warming by 2300 CE, inferred using Earth system models of intermediate complexity on the basis of an extension to the RCP4.5 emission scenario in which atmospheric pCO2 stabilizes at roughly twice the PI level in year 2150 CE, could be underestimated by  ∼ 1 °C due to the absence of ice-sheet-based feedbacks in those models.
The 4.2 ka event: multi-proxy records from a closed lake in the northern
margin of the East Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Xiao Jule , Zhang Shengrui , Fan Jiawei , Wen Ruilin , Zhai Dayou , Tian Zhiping , Jiang Dabang
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The 4.2 ka event has been widely investigated since it was suggested to be a possible cause for the collapse of ancient civilizations. With the growth of proxy records for decades, however, both its nature and its spatial pattern have become controversial. Here we examined multi-proxy data of the grain-size distribution, ostracode assemblage, pollen assemblage and the pollen-reconstructed mean annual precipitation from a sediment core at Hulun Lake in northeastern Inner Mongolia spanning the period between 5000 and 3000 cal yr BP to identify the nature and the associated mechanism of the 4.2 ka event occurring in the monsoonal region of eastern Asia. Higher sand fraction contents, littoral ostracodes abundances and Chenopodiaceae pollen percentages together with lower mean annual precipitations reveal a significant dry event at the interval of 4230–3820 cal yr BP that could be a regional manifestation of the 4.2 ka event in the northern margin of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). We suggest that the drought would be caused by a large decline in the intensity of the EASM on millennial-to-centennial scales that could be physically related to persistent cooling of surface waters in the western tropical Pacific and the North Atlantic. The cooling of western tropical Pacific surface waters could reduce moisture productions over the source area of the EASM, while the cooling of North Atlantic surface waters could suppress northward migrations of the EASM rainbelt, both leading to a weakened EASM and thus decreased rainfall in the northern margin of the EASM.
A Hydrological Cycle Model for the Globally Resolved Energy Balance Model (GREB) v1.0
Authors: Stassen Christian , Dommenget Dietmar , Loveday Nicholas
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In this study, we describe the development of the hydrological cycle for the Globally Resolved Energy Balance (GREB) model. Starting from a very simple zero order hydrological cycle model included in the GREB model, we develop three new models: precipitation, evaporation and horizontal transport of water vapour. Precipitation is modelled based on the actual simulated specific and relative humidity in GREB and the prescribed boundary condition of vertical velocity. The evaporation bulk formula is slightly refined by considering differences in the sensitivity to winds between land and oceans, and by improving the estimates of the wind magnitudes. Horizontal transport of water vapour is improved by approximating moisture convergence by vertical velocity. The new parameterisations are fitted against observations (GPCP) and reanalysis data sets (ERA-Interim). The new hydrological cycle is evaluated against CMIP model simulation, reduction in correction terms and by three different sensitivity experiments (Annual Cycle, El Nino Southern Oscillation and Climate Change). The skill of the hydrological cycle in the GREB model is now within the range of more complex CMIP5 CGCMs and capable of simulating key features of the climate system within the range of uncertainty of CMIP5 model simulations. The results illustrate that the new GREB model’s hydrological cycle is a useful model to study the climate’s hydrological response to external forcings and also to study inter-model differences or biases.
Temporal and spatial scale and positional effects on rain erosivity
derived from contiguous rain data
Authors: Fischer Franziska K. , Winterrath Tanja , Auerswald Karl
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Up until now, erosivity required for soil loss predictions has been mainly estimated from rain gauge data at point scale and then spatially interpolated to erosivity maps. Contiguous radar rain data are now available but they differ in temporal and spatial scale from the point scale. We determined how the intensity threshold has to be modified and which temporal and spatial scaling factors have to be applied to account for the differences in scale. Furthermore, a positional effect quantifies heterogeneity of erosivity within 1 km2, which presently is the highest resolution of freely available gauge-adjusted radar rain data. A method effect accounts for differences in measuring peculiarities between rain gauges and weather radars. These effects were analysed using several large data sets with a total of approximately 2 x 106 erosive events (e.g., records of 115 rain gauges for 16 years distributed across Germany and radar rain data for the same locations and events). With decreasing temporal resolution, peak intensities decreased and the intensity threshold of erosive rains was met less often. This became especially pronounced, when time increments became larger than 30 min. With decreasing spatial resolution, intensity peaks were also reduced but additionally large areas without erosive rain were included within one pixel. This was due to the steep spatial gradients in erosivity. Erosivity of single events could be zero or more than twice the mean annual sum within a distance of less than 1 km. We conclude that the resulting large positional effect requires use of contiguous rain data, even over distances of less than 1 km, but at the same time contiguously measured radar data cannot be resolved to point scale. The temporal scale is easier to consider but time increments larger than 30 min should be avoided because the loss of information increases considerably. We provide functions to account for temporal scale (from 1 min to 120 min) and spatial scale (from rain gauge to pixels of 18 km width) that can be applied to rain gauge data of low temporal resolution and to contiguous radar rain data.
Contribution of future wide swath altimetry missions to ocean
analysis and forecasting
Authors: Bonaduce Antonio , Benkiran Mounir , Remy Elisabeth , Le Traon Pierre Yves , Garric Gilles
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The impact of forthcoming wide-swath altimetry missions on the ocean analysis and forecasting system was investigated by means of OSSEs (Observing System Simulation Experiments) performed with a regional data assimilation system, implemented in the Iberian-Biscay-Ireland (IBI) region, at 1/12° resolution using simulated observations derived from a fully eddy-resolving free simulations at 1/36° resolution over the same region. The objective was to asses the contribution of different satellite constellations to constrain the ocean analyses and forecasts, considering both along-track altimeters and future wide-swath missions, and as consequence the capability of the data assimilation techniques used in Mercator Ocean operational system to effectively combine the different kind of measurements. This was carried out as part of a European Space Agency (ESA) study on the potential role of wide-swath altimetry for the evolution of the European Union Copernicus programme. The impact of future wide-swath altimetry data is clearly evident investigating the reliability of sea-level in the OSSEs. The most significant results were obtained looking at the sensitivity of the system to wide-swath instrumental error: considering a constellation of three nadir and two accurate (small instrumental error) wide-swath altimeters, the error in the ocean analysis was reduced up to the 50 %, with respect to conventional altimeters. Investigating the impact of the repetitivity of the future measurements, the results showed that two wide-swath missions had a major impact on the the sea-level forecasting increasing the accuracy over the entire time-window of the 5-day forecasts, with respect to a single wide-swath instrument. A spectral analysis underlined that the contributions of wide-swath altimetry data observed in the ocean analyses and forecasts statistics were mainly due to resolve more accurately (up to > 25 %), with respect to along-track data, the ocean variability at spatial scales smaller than 100 km. Considering the ocean currents, the results confirmed that the information provided by wide-swath measurements at the surface is propagated also in the vertical and has a considerable impact (30 %) on the ocean currents (up to 300 metres), with respect to the present constellation of altimeters. The ocean analysis and forecasting systems used here are currently adopted by Copernicus Marine Environment and Monitoring Service (CMEMS) to provide operational services and ocean re-analysis. The results obtained in the OSSEs considering along-track altimeters were consistent with those derived with real data (observing system experiments, OSEs). OSSEs also allow to evaluate the potential of new observing systems and in this study the results showed that future constellations of altimeters will have a major impact to constrain the CMEMS ocean analysis and forecasting systems and their applications.
Visions from the Tide Pool: John Steinbeck's Interdependent Migrant Community
Authors: McNeilly Sam
Published: June 2018

The ecological philosophy that Steinbeck sets out in his scientific travel narrative The Log from the Sea of Cortez, which I have termed Cooperative Ecology, is dramatized through the migrant community of The Grapes of Wrath in order to show the potential power residing in the structuring principles of the global ecosystem. This article delineates how Steinbeck's Cooperative Ecology illustrates the ways in which a community can achieve harmony and strength by cooperating with both natural and social environments. Steinbeck arrives at this Cooperative Ecology through a transcendent understanding of the global ecosystem, an ideology which, in The Grapes of Wrath, Jim Casy attains as an acute awareness of following his self-imposed exile in the wild. Casy becomes a prophet of Cooperative Ecology when he reveals to Tom and the wider migrant community the efficacies of cooperation. This cooperation, which occurs among the disempowered migrants, follows the ideas forwarded by Steinbeck in his unpublished essay “Argument of Phalanx,” in which it is argued that when organisms work together they form a phalanx that has greater strength than the sum of its individual components. Through Casy's transcendent understanding of nature, Steinbeck's migrant community demonstrates the effectiveness of Cooperative Ecology in attaining ecological and social harmony.
A Personal Note: Contemporary American Power Dynamics and John Steinbeck's Nonfiction
Authors: Andrew Ariel
Published: June 2018

The author connects John Steinbeck's sociopolitical commentary from newspaper articles and columns to contemporary social issues, such as racism, xenophobia, and nationalism.
Uma análise textual dos discursos empregados no gênero redação do enem
Authors: Striquer Marilúcia Dos Santos Domingos
Published: June 2018

Apoiados em uma abordagem em que texto, discurso e gnero so pensados de forma articulada, analisaremos textos que configuram o gnero textual redao do ENEM, produzidos por alunos do ltimo ano do ensino mdio, atendidos por um projeto PIBID. A inteno a de identificar o que os alunos j sabem sobre a organizao textual de seus discursos e o que precisa ser aprimorado ou desenvolvido. O aporte terico-metodolgico se constitui dos preceitos da lingustica textual e da anlise textual dos discursos. Os resultados demonstram as deficincias que os alunos tm no emprego dos elementos que formam os aspectos globais e dos mais pontuais do gnero, os quais, portanto, devem ser tomados, pela equipe do projeto, como contedos especficos.