bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conventional epidemiology underestimates the incidence of asthma and wheeze‐a longitudinal population‐based study among teenagers
Authors: Hedman Linnéa , Bjerg Anders , Lundbäck Bo , Rönmark Eva
Published: January 2012

Background

Because of shifts in the gender ratio and incidence and remission rates of asthma during the teen ages, the methodology of incidence studies among teenagers is important, i.e. if the time intervals between surveys are too long, the incident cases might not be properly identified. The aim was to study the impact of study design on the incidence rates of asthma and wheeze during the teen ages.

Methods

In a study about asthma and allergic diseases within the OLIN studies (Obstructive Lung Disease in northern Sweden), a cohort of school children (n = 3,430) was followed annually by questionnaire from age 8 yrs. In the endpoint survey (age 18 yrs) 2,582 (75% of original responders) participated. Incident cases from age 12‐18 yrs were identified by two methods: annual questionnaire reports (AR) and baseline‐endpoint surveys only (BE).

Results

The cumulative incidence of asthma and wheeze was significantly higher based on AR compared to BE. Compared to the incidence rates based on all the annual surveys, the calculated average annual rates based on BE were in general lower both among the boys and among the girls. There were no differences between boys and girls in incidence rates of asthma or wheeze during the early teen years. However, from the age of 15 years, the annual incidence rates were significantly or borderline significantly higher among girls than boys. At onset, the additional cases of current asthma identified by AR had significantly less severe asthma than those identified in BE (p < 0.02).

Conclusion

the size of the incidence of asthma and wheeze during the teen ages was influenced by study design. By using the conventional prospective study design with longer follow‐up time, the incidence was underestimated.
Magnitude estimation for microseismicity induced during the KTB 2004/2005 injection experiment
Authors: Haney F. , Kummerow J. , Langenbruch C. , Dinske C. , Shapiro Serge A. , Scherbaum F.
Published: December 2011

We determined the magnitudes of 2540 microseismic events measured at one single 3C borehole geophone at the German Deep Drilling Site (known by the German acronym, KTB) during the injection phase 2004/2005. For this task we developed a three-step approach. First, we estimated local magnitudes of 104 larger events with a standard method based on amplitude measurements at near-surface stations. Second, we investigated a series of parameters to characterize the size of these events using the seismograms of the borehole sensor, and we compared them statistically with the local magnitudes. Third, we extrapolated the regression curve to obtain the magnitudes of 2436 events that were only measured at the borehole geophone. This method improved the magnitude of completeness for the KTB data set by more than one order down to [Formula: see text]. The resulting b-value for all events was 0.78, which is similar to the [Formula: see text]-value obtained from taking only the greater events with standard local magnitude estimation from near-surface stations, [Formula: see text]. The more complete magnitude catalog was required to study the magnitude distribution with time and to characterize the seismotectonic state of the KTB injection site. The event distribution with time was consistent with prediction from theory assuming pore pressure diffusion as the underlying mechanism to trigger the events. The value we obtained for the seismogenic index of [Formula: see text] suggested that the seismic hazard potential at the KTB site is comparatively low.
Phase-only correlation of time-varying spectral representations of microseismic data for identification of similar seismic events
Authors: Moriya Hirokazu
Published: December 2011

Identification of similar seismic events is important for precise estimation of source locations and for evaluation of subsurface structure. Phase-only correlation is well known as a real-time image-matching method for fingerprint identification. I applied the phase-only correlation in a geophysical context to identify similar waveforms among microseismic events. The waveforms were first transformed into time-varying spectral representations to express frequency content in the time-frequency domain. The phase-only correlation function is calculated between two time-varying spectral representations and similarity is evaluated using the peak value of the phase-only correlation function. This method was applied to arbitrarily selected waveforms from aftershocks of an earthquake in Japan to assess its ability to identify similar waveforms perturbed by white noise. The detection of similarity of the proposed algorithm was compared to the similarity as detected by a 2D crosscorrelation function of the time-varying spectral representation and a 1D crosscorrelation of the raw waveform. This showed that the phase-only correlation function exhibits a sharp peak that quantifies similarity and dissimilarity over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and remained unaffected by the length of the time window used to estimate time-varying spectral representations. Phase-only correlation may also have applications in other geophysical analyses and interpretations that are based on waveform and seismic image data.
Managing the Intravenous Calcium Shortage: Evaluation of Calcium Chloride Stability in 0.9% Sodium Chloride and Dextrose 5% Water Polyvinyl Chloride Bags
Authors: Tyree H. Kiser , Gerard R. Barber , Aubrey Robinson
Published: January 2012

Background

Intravenous calcium chloride (CaCl) is commonly used by inpatient practitioners for a myriad of indications from electrolyte abnormalities to advanced cardiac life support. Currently, a paucity of data is available regarding the stability of CaCl after preparation of intravenous admixtures.

Purpose

This study evaluated the physical and chemical stability of CaCl 10% diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride or dextrose 5% water polyvinyl chloride bags.

Method

CaCl 10% solution (1000 mg) was diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride or dextrose 5% water 100 mL for injection to a final concentration of 10 mg/mL. CaCl 10% solution (2000 mg) was diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride or dextrose 5% water 150 mL for injection to a final concentration of 13.3 mg/mL. Each of the preparations were stored at room temperature (23–25°C) and exposed to fluorescent light. Samples of each preparation were analyzed on days 0, 2, 3, 5, and 7. Sterility and physical stability were assessed. Chemical stability of CaCl was evaluated by indirect potentiometry.

Results

CaCl 10 mg/mL and 13.3 mg/mL solutions in polyvinyl chloride bags were physically stable during the entire 7-day study period. CaCl retained >90% of the original concentration at 7 days after preparation in 0.9% sodium chloride and dextrose 5% water.

Conclusion

CaCl diluted to 10 mg/mL or 13.3 mg/mL with 0.9% sodium chloride or dextrose 5% water for injection is both physically and chemically stable for a period of 7 days with ≤10% degradation under conditions of room temperature with fluorescent lighting.
Evaluation of Trends in the use of the Internet by Pharmacy Publications: An Observational Study
Authors: Kevin A. Zak , Christina L. Monaghan , Amanda Parker
Published: January 2012

Purpose

An observational study was conducted to identify and evaluate trends in the use of the Internet and social media by pharmacy publications.

Methods

The print and online versions of 10 pharmacy publications were compared at 2 different times separated by 3 years for similarities and differences in content and presentation. Characteristics and functions were evaluated for online publications, including subscription requirements for online access, the dates of online archived material, pre- and postpublication features, e-mail notifications, hyperlinks, and the use of social media and other specialty applications.

Results

Between 2007 and 2010, online functionality of selected pharmacy publications increased in 52% (12/23) of the features assessed; among these expanded features, the median percent increase was 20%. The 2 most prevalent online features among publications in 2007 and 2010 were article availability in portable document format (pdf) and the ability to submit articles online. The online feature most adopted during the study timeframe was the ability to e-mail friends about an article (increased by 40%). In 2010, the majority of publications offered social media or other specialty applications (80%) and required a paid subscription for online access (60%).

Conclusion

Currently, not all available online features have been adopted by the reviewed pharmacy publications. Overall, the online functionality of pharmacy publications was maintained or slightly increased from 2007 to 2010. It is important for publishers to continue to expand their presence on the Internet to improve accessibility to the scientific literature.
Transgenic Mouse Model Expressing the Caspase 6 Fragment of Mutant Huntingtin
Authors: Waldron-Roby Elaine , Ratovitski Tamara , Wang XiaoFang , Jiang Mali , Watkin Erin , Arbez Nikolas , Graham Rona K. , Hayden Michael R. , Hou Zhipeng , Mori Susumu , Swing Deborah , Pletnikov Mikhail , Duan Wenzhen , Tessarollo Lino , Ross Christopher A.
Published: January 2012

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the Huntingtin (Htt) protein. Proteolytic cleavage of Htt into toxic N-terminal fragments is believed to be a key aspect of pathogenesis. The best characterized putative cleavage event is at amino acid 586, hypothesized to be mediated by caspase 6. A corollary of the caspase 6 cleavage hypothesis is that the caspase 6 fragment should be a toxic fragment. To test this hypothesis, and further characterize the role of this fragment, we have generated transgenic mice expressing the N-terminal 586 aa of Htt with a polyglutamine repeat length of 82 (N586–82Q), under the control of the prion promoter. N586–82Q mice show a clear progressive rotarod deficit by 4 months of age, and are hyperactive starting at 5 months, later changing to hypoactivity before early mortality. MRI studies reveal widespread brain atrophy, and histologic studies demonstrate an abundance of Htt aggregates, mostly cytoplasmic, which are predominantly composed of the N586–82Q polypeptide. Smaller soluble N-terminal fragments appear to accumulate over time, peaking at 4 months, and are predominantly found in the nuclear fraction. This model appears to have a phenotype more severe than current full-length Htt models, but less severe than HD mouse models expressing shorter Htt fragments. These studies suggest that the caspase 6 fragment may be a transient intermediate, that fragment size is a factor contributing to the rate of disease progression, and that short soluble nuclear fragments may be most relevant to pathogenesis.
HIV-1 Tat Triggers Nuclear Localization of ZO-1 via Rho Signaling and cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Activation
Authors: Zhong Yu , Zhang Bei , Eum Sung Yong , Toborek Michal
Published: January 2012

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific protein trans-activator of transcription (Tat) can contribute to the dysfunction of brain endothelial cells and HIV trafficking into the brain by disrupting tight junction (TJ) integrity at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) level. Specific TJ proteins, such as zonula occludens (ZO) proteins, localize not only at the cell–cell borders but are also present in the nuclei. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mechanisms and significance of Tat-induced nuclear localization of ZO-1. Treatment of a brain endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3 cells) with Tat resulted in a decrease in total levels of ZO-1 but significantly upregulated ZO-1 protein expression in the nuclei. In addition, exposure to Tat stimulated Rho signaling and induced phosphorylation and activity of transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), binding sites that have been identified in the proximal region of the ZO-1 promoter. Interestingly, inhibition of the Rho cascade protected against Tat-induced upregulation of ZO-1 in the nuclei and activation of CREB. Depletion of CREB by infection of cells with specific shRNA lentiviral particles attenuated both Tat-induced Rho signaling and nuclear targeting of ZO-1. A decrease in CREB levels also attenuated Tat-induced endothelial and BBB hyperpermeability as well as transendothelial migration of monocytic cells. The role of CREB in Tat-mediated alterations of ZO-1 was confirmed in brain microvessels in mice with CREB shRNA lentiviral particles injected into the cerebral circulation. The present results indicate the crucial role of Rho signaling and CREB in modulation of nuclear localization of ZO-1 and maintaining the integrity of endothelial monolayers.
Plasmapheresis to Treat Hypertriglyceridemia in a Child With Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Pancreatitis
Authors: Lutfi Riad , Huang Jennifer , Wong Hector R.
Published: December 2011

A 10-year-old girl presented with diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, and severe abdominal pain. She was found to have acute pancreatitis and acute kidney injury after shock resuscitation and severe persistent hypertriglyceridemia. The severe hypertriglyceridemia was treated with 1 course of plasmapheresis, which corrected the triglyceride level and was temporally associated with improvement of the abdominal pain and renal dysfunction. Diabetes is known to contribute to an elevated triglyceride level, especially in the setting of an underlying lipid disorder. However, no such disorders were found in this patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a pediatric patient presenting with the triad of severe hypertriglyceridemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and pancreatitis treated successfully with plasmapheresis.
Immunizing Parents and Other Close Family Contacts in the Pediatric Office Setting
Authors: Lessin Herschel R. , Edwards Kathryn M. ,   the COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE AND AMBULATORY MEDICINE AND THE COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Published: December 2011

Additional strategies are needed to protect children from vaccine-preventable diseases. In particular, very young infants, as well as children who are immunocompromised, are at especially high risk for developing the serious consequences of vaccine-preventable diseases and cannot be immunized completely. There is some evidence that children who become infected with these diseases are exposed to pathogens through household contacts, particularly from parents or other close family contacts. Such infections likely are attributable to adults who are not fully protected from these diseases, either because their immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases has waned over time or because they have not received a vaccine. There are many challenges that have added to low adult immunization rates in the United States. One option to increase immunization coverage for parents and close family contacts of infants and vulnerable children is to provide alternative locations for these adults to be immunized, such as the pediatric office setting. Ideally, adults should receive immunizations in their medical homes; however, to provide greater protection to these adults and reduce the exposure of children to pathogens, immunizing parents or other adult family contacts in the pediatric office setting could increase immunization coverage for this population to protect themselves as well as children to whom they provide care.
Petrology and geochronology of the high-K calc-alkaline Mésanger magmatism (Armorican massif, France): a ca. 320 Ma old volcano-plutonic association
Authors: Ducassou Céline , Poujol Marc , Hallot Erwan , Bruguier Olivier , Ballevre Michel
Published: January 2012

The late stages of the Variscan orogeny in western and central Europe are characterized by the emplacement of numerous Carboniferous granitic intrusions. In the southern part of the Armorican massif, volcanic and plutonic rocks occur within the Carboniferous series of the Ancenis basin. Chemical analyses indicate that they belong to the same magmatic high-K calc-alkaline association of peraluminous composition, which likely derives from crustal melting of an igneous source. A LA-ICPMS U-Pb/zircon age of 319.3 ± 3.1 Ma dates, for the first time, this magmatic event and, by there, constrains the maximum age of both the end of the sedimentation and the northward tilting of the sediments in the Ancenis basin. This magmatic event is coeval with the sedimentation of the coal-bearing Namurian basins located along the Nort-sur-Erdre fault. These intrusions are interpreted as the feeding conduits of the volcano-sedimentary layers encountered in these basins. This would imply a minimal dextral displacement of ca. 20–25 km along the Nort-sur-Erdre fault.
A comparative evaluation of effort estimation methods in the software life cycle
Authors: Popovic Jovan , Bojic Dragan
Published: December 2011

Even though there are a number of software size and effort measurement
methods proposed in literature, they are not widely adopted in the practice.
According to literature, only 30% of software companies use measurement,
mostly as a method for additional validation. In order to determine whether
the objective metric approach can give results of the same quality or better
than the estimates relying on work breakdown and expert judgment, we have
validated several standard functional measurement and analysis methods
(IFPUG, NESMA, Mark II, COSMIC, and use case points), on the selected set of
small and medium size real-world web based projects at CMMI level 2.
Evaluation performed in this paper provides objective justification and
guidance for the use of a measurement-based estimation in these kinds of
projects.
Effective hierarchical vector-based news representation for personalized recommendation
Authors: Bieliková Mária , Kompan Michal , Zeleník Dusan
Published: December 2011

With amount of information on the web, users often require functionality able
to filter the content according to their preferences. To solve the problem of
overwhelmed users we propose a content-based recommender. Our method for the
personalized recommendation is dedicated to the domain of news on the Web. We
propose an effective representation of news and a user model which are used
to recommend dynamically changing large number of text documents. We work
with the vector representation of the news and hierarchical representation of
similarities among items. Our representation is designed with aim to
effectively estimate user needs and generate personalized list of items in
information space. This approach is unique thanks its low complexity and
ability to work in real-time with no visible delay for the user. To evaluate
our approach we experimented with real information space of largest Slovak
newspaper and simulated recommending.
Zonal and Zoogeographic Characteristic of the Ant Fauna (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Ukraine
Authors: Radchenko A.
Published: January 2012

Zonal and Zoogeographic Characteristic of the Ant Fauna (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Ukraine

One hundred fourty ant species belonging to 38 genera of 5 subfamilies are known to occur in Ukraine nowadays. All the species are attributed to 16 zoogeographic complexes that are grouped into three faunogenetic classes. Comparative zonal and zoogeographical analysis of the fauna of different geographical regions of Ukraine has revealed their essential heterogeneity. The ant fauna of the Forest-Steppe zone is not original. At the same time, it is not transitive between the faunae of the Forest and Steppe zones. Ant fauna of the Forest-Steppe is related to those not the Steppe but the Forests zones, and the Forest-Steppe can be included in the southern subzone of a Forest zone of t Europe.
An application of the HBV model to the Tamor Basin in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Normand S , Konz M , Merz J
Published: December 2011

The semi-distributed, conceptual hydrological model HBV was applied to Tamor Nadi in order to estimate runoff at Tapethok, Taplejung, in Eastern Nepal. As there was no discharge data available for this particular location, the model was first calibrated and validated for the bigger, gauged basins at Mulghat and Majithar. However due to its structure HBV shows difficulties in modelling low and high flows correctly at the same time. Therefore two parameter sets were produced: one with focus on the model performance during low flows and the second one, on high flows. Those parameters were then applied to the basin at Tapethok. Generally HBV was able to correctly simulate low flows except for some sharp peaks due to isolated precipitation events. However, pre-monsoon discharge was overestimated while the runoff of the monsoon season were most of the time underestimated. The main reasons for this situation are: (1) HBV generates runoff from one single groundwater reservoir for the entire catchment, leading to sharp peaks with a rapid recession and therefore exaggerated reactions on precipitation during dry season; (2) during pre-monsoon snow and ice melt gain in importance and add to the mentioned problem; (3) due to the simplified representation of storages in the model structure the catchment area drains too quickly. Keywords: Tamor BasinDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhm.v7i1.5616  JHM 2010; 7(1): 49-58
Multivariate Analysis in Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
Authors: Jewel AA , Chowdhury AK , Alam AKMM , Latif MA , Hassan MM
Published: December 2011

Genetic divergence among 22 genotypes of lentil was estimated using D2 and principal component analysis. The genotypes under study fell into four clusters. The intra-cluster value was the maximum in cluster I and the minimum in cluster II. The inter-cluster distance was larger than the intra-cluster distance in all the cases suggesting the wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different groups. The inter-cluster value indicated maximum distance between cluster I and II than cluster III and IV. Thus the genetically diverged genotypes of the clusters could be used as parent in hybridization program to get desirable genotypes. Cluster I had the highest mean for days to maturity, plant height, pods/plant and per plot yield while cluster II and III had the highest days to first flowering and 100 seed weight, respectively. Genotypes with these characters in respective groups would, therefore, offer a good scope of improvement of lentil through selection.   Key words: Lentil; cluster analysis; divergence; hybridization DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v23i1.9312 BJPBG 2010; 23(1): 9-12
Character Association And Path Analysis Of Exotic Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Genotypes
Authors: Islam BMR , Ivy NA , Rasul MG , Zakaria M
Published: December 2011

Correlations and path coefficient were studied in 39 exotic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes for nine yield contributing characters. The correlation coefficients were determined to find out the inter relationship among the characters studied. Yield per plant was found highly significant and positively correlated with flowers per plant, fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter and individual fruit weight which indicated that yield could be increased by improving a traits. In order to obtain a clear picture of the inter relationship between yield per plant and its components, direct and indirect effects were measured using path coefficient analysis. Fruits per plant showed the highest positive direct effect (0.980) on yield per plant followed by individual fruit weight (0.958). On the other hand, the highest negative direct effect on yield per plant showed by days to first flowering (-0.277) followed by fruit length (-0.141). The characters showed high direct effect on yield per plant indicated that direct selection for these traits might be effective and there is a possibility of improving yield per plant through selection based on these characters. Residual effect was considerably low (0.183) which indicated that characters included in this study explained almost all variability towards yield. Keywords: Correlation coefficients; path coefficient analysis; residual effect DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v23i1.9313 BJPBG 2010; 23(1): 13-18
Genetic Diversity in Brassica rapa L.
Authors: Khatun H , Rasul MG , Saikat MMH , Haque MM
Published: December 2011

The genetic diversity was assessed in 42 Brassica rapa genotypes for identifying parental genotypes having distant relationship for hybridization. All the genotypes were analyzed through principal component analysis, principal coordinate analysis canonical variate analysis and non-hierarchical clustering which compute Mahalanobis’s D2 statistics. The genotypes under study were grouped into six clusters. The cluster V contained the maximum numbers of genotypes (15) and cluster III had the minimum number of genotypes (3). The highest intra-cluster distance was observed in cluster V that represented maximum variability within the cluster and Cluster VI had the lowest intra-cluster distance. The maximum inter cluster distance was noticed between the clusters II and III and the lowest between clusters II and VI. Cluster with large distances were considered more diverged than those with small distances. Yield and yield contributing characters such as days to 1st flowering, number of siliquae on main racemes, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000 seeds weight and seed yield per plant contributed more towards genetic divergence considering diversity pattern. Considering cluster distance, inter-genotypic distance, cluster mean and other agronomic performances genotypes BC-200502, BC-200505, BC-200506, BC-200510, BC-200512, BC-200515, BC-200519, BC-200521, BC-200529, BC-200530, BC-200531B, BC-200531Y, BC-200536, BC-200537, BC-200542, BC-200543, BARI Sarisha 12, and BARI Sarisha 14 may be selected from different clusters for hybridization program.   Key words: Genetic divergence; Brassica rapa; cluster analysis; D2-statistics DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v23i1.9315 BJPBG 2010; 23(1): 31-37
Genetic Divergence in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L)
Authors: Zaman MA , Tuhina-Khatun M , Moniruzzaman M , Yousuf MN
Published: December 2011

Comprising 34 groundnut genotypes an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replication at the Research farm of Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Hathazari, Chittagong during Rabi season (December 2009 to April 2010) for estimation of the multivariate analysis of divergence. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters. Cluster III contained the highest number of genotypes (12) and the cluster II contained the lowest (2). The inter-cluster distances in all cases were larger than the intra-cluster distance which indicated that wider diversity is present among the genotypes of distant grouped. The highest intra cluster distance was observed in cluster V and the lowest in II. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between the cluster IV and III followed by V and III and the lowest between cluster V and I. Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of matured nuts per plant and karnel size were the most important contributors based on the latent vector. But the highest cluster means for matured nuts per plant, 100 karnel weight, 100 nuts weight and yield per plant were obtained from the cluster II. With moderate yield but early maturity varieties were found in cluster IV. Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster VI for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing with the genotypes of cluster II and III for getting new recombinants with early maturity and higher yield.   Key Words: Genetic divergence; cluster analysis; D2 analysis; groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v23i1.9317 BJPBG 2010; 23(1): 45-49
The Effects Of Radiation And Heat Generation On Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) Natural Convection Flow Along A Vertical Flat Plate In Presence Of Viscous Dissipation
Authors: Ali Mohammad Mokaddes , Akhter Rowsanara , Azim NHM A , Maleque MA
Published: December 2011

This article investigates the effects of radiation and heat generation on magnetohydrodynamic( MHD) natural convection flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid along a vertically placed flat plate in presence of viscous dissipation and heat conduction. Appropriate transformations were employed to transform governing equations of this flow into dimensionless form and then solved using the implicit finite difference method with Keller box scheme. The resulting numerical solutions of transformed governing equations are presented graphically in terms of velocity profile, temperature distribution, skin friction coefficient and surface temperature and the effects of magnetic parameter (M), radiation parameter (R), Prandtl number (Pr) and heat generation parameter (Q) and viscous dissipation parameter (N) on the flow have been studied with the help of graphs. Keywords: Radiation; Heat Generation Parameter; Viscous Dissipation Parameter; MHD; Finite Difference Method; Vertical Flat Plate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i1.9330 DIUJST 2011; 6(1): 20-29
A New Approach To Develop An English To Bangla Machine Translation System
Authors: Alam Md. Golam Rabiul , Islam Md Monirul , Islam Nowrin
Published: December 2011

Machine translation (MT) is always a challenging job. It is really difficult to build up a complete machine translation system for natural languages. Machine translation includes natural language understanding and generation. The proposed system represents a new solution for building a MT system for English to Bangla translation, by modifying the rule-based transfer approach of MT system. In machine translation the searching of word from the lexicon is a compulsory task, here this searching stage is utilized efficiently by proposing an intelligent integer based lexicon system, consists of a number of separate lexicons and an algorithm is also developed for searching words from the lexicon in order to accomplish the basic steps of machine translation. Keywords: English to Bangla; Intelligent; Lexicon; Machine Translation; Parsing; Semantic DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i1.9332 DIUJST 2011; 6(1): 36-42
Solution Of Natural Convection Boundary Layer Flow Above A Semi-Infinite Porous Horizontal Plate Under Similarity Transformations With Suction And Blowing
Authors: Hossain MM Touhid , Mojumder Rita , Hossain Mohammad Arif
Published: December 2011

In the present study we have confined our attention to the laminar boundary layer equations for the unsteady free convection flow over a heated horizontal semi-infinite porous plate by simplifying them using the Boussinesq approximation. Similarity requirements for an incompressible fluid are sought on the basis of detailed analysis in order to reduce the governing coupled partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations. Numerical results are displayed graphically for some selected values of the controlling parameters provided by the similarity transformation. The influence of suction and blowing on the flow and temperature fields and other flow factors like skin friction and heat transfer coefficients are extensively investigated. It is found that a small value of suction or blowing play a vital role on the patterns of flow and temperature fields as well as on the coefficients of skin friction and heat transfer. Keywords: Natural convection; Boussinesq approximation; Similarity transformation; Suction; blowing. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i1.9333 DIUJST 2011; 6(1): 43-51
Dissipation Effect On A Free Convection Flow Past A Porous Vertical Plate
Authors: Ferdousi Amena , Alim MA
Published: December 2011

A Numerical study on the effect of dissipation on a steady free convection flow through a porous vertical plate is made. The relevant non-leaner boundary equations are made dimensionless using specific non-dimensional variables. The corresponding non-similar partial differential equations are solved using implicit finite difference method with Keller-Box scheme. The results are then presented graphically and discussed thereafter. Keywords: porous plate; viscous dissipation; natural convection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i1.9334 DIUJST 2011; 6(1): 52-59
An Application Of Pde To Predict Brain Tumor Growth Using High Performance Computing System
Authors: Islam Md Rajibul , Alias Norma , Ping Siew Young
Published: December 2011

This study is to predict two-dimensional brain tumors growth through parallel algorithm using the High Performance Computing System. The numerical finite-difference method is highlighted as a platform for discretization of twodimensional parabolic equations. The consequence of a type of finite difference approximation namely explicit method will be presented in this paper. The numerical solution is applied in the medical field by solving a mathematical model for the diffusion of brain tumors which is a new technique to predict brain tumor growth. A parabolic mathematical model used to describe and predict the evolution of tumor from the avascular stage to the vascular, through the angiogenic process. The parallel algorithm based on High Performance Computing (HPC) System is used to capture the growth of brain tumors cells in two-dimensional visualization. PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) software is used as communication platform in the HPC System. The performance of the algorithm evaluated in terms of speedup, efficiency, effectiveness and temporal performance. Keywords: Partial Differential Equation (PDE); parabolic equation; explicit method; Red Black Gauss-Seidel; Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM); High Performance Computing (HPC); Brain Tumor. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i1.9335 DIUJST 2011; 6(1): 60-68
Performance Analysis Of Cooperative Relaying In Nakagami-M Fading Channels
Authors: Barua B , Sarkar MZI
Published: December 2011

This paper is concerned with the analysis of exact symbol error probability (SEP) for cooperative diversity using amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying over independent and non-identical Nakagami-m fading channels. The mathematical formulations for Probability Density Function (pdf) and Moment Generating Function (MGF) of a cooperative link have been derived for calculating symbol error probability with well-known MGF based approach taking M-ary Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) signals as input. The numerical results obtained from this research have been compared with different fading conditions. It is observed that the existence of the diversity link in a relay network plays a dominating role in error performance. Keywords: Symbol Error Probability; Probability Density Function; Moment Generating Function; Nakagami-m fading. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i2.9338 DIUJST 2011; 6(2): 1-5
Effect Of Strength On Cotton And Blended Mattress Fabric Produced By Mechanical Processing System
Authors: Azad Md Abul Kalam , Jafrin Shamina , Haque Md Tahzibul
Published: December 2011

Mattress fabric is one time used fabric. It need not require for washing. In this perspective, a project was taken to replace 100% cotton mattress fabric instead of Jute-Cotton blended mattress fabric. It is seen that Jute: Cotton blended mattress fabric posses similar properties to the 100% cotton mattress fabric. Bursting strength is an important factor for mattress fabric. From the comparison result, it is also seen that the bursting strength of 80:20/Jute: Cotton blended mattress fabric is nearer to the 100% cotton mattress fabric. On the other hand, blended mattress fabric is cheaper than 100% Cotton mattress fabric. Hence, blended mattress fabric may be the replacement of 100% cotton mattress fabric. Keywords: Strength; Mattress; Jute-cotton Union; Mechanical; Warpwise; Waftwise; Bursting. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i2.9340 DIUJST 2011; 6(2): 11-13
Comparing Optical Packet Switching And Optical Burst Switching
Authors: Waheed Sajjad
Published: December 2011

The switching is an important part of the telecommunication networks over the years for transferring and handling voice and data through the traditional switching nodes existing in the telecommunication networks. Various developments were seen in the recent years which resulted in increasing data transfer capabilities of the transmission networks all over the world, however the switching speed and techniques are still remained unchanged in most of the cases that neither match the data transfer capacities nor the expanding demand of the networks in the near future. Some switching technologies are still in the developing stage, of them two are more obvious: Optical Packet Switching (OPS) and Optical Burst Switching (OBS). In this paper, I tried to compare different paradigm of these two main developments, keeping in mind that the OPS would see rapid development in the near future than the OBS, though OBS would the ultimate solution of switching for the bulk volume of telephone and data traffic Keywords: Optical Packet Switching; Optical Burst Switching; Bulk Volume; Data Traffic; Wavedivision Multiplexing DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i2.9342 DIUJST 2011; 6(2): 22-32
Studies On Reverse Tension Mechanism Of Cheese Dyeing
Authors: Shaid Abu , Siddiquee Md. Abu Bakar , Rahman Md Azijur
Published: December 2011

In this paper reverse tension mechanism were observed. Soft winding is the main criteria of level yarn dyeing. One of the most vital difficulty of Dyeing a yarn package in cheese form is the density variation of the soft wounded packages themselves and also within a package. . In most cases this density variation results unlevelness of dyed package. This type of unlevel is very common for double ply yarn where the density varies significantly. A through investigation had made to suggest effective ways to achieve evenly dens package in soft winding section in a well equipped modern yarn dyeing factory. A new method termed as ‘reverse tension mechanism’ has developed to maintain even density within a package and also at packages themselves .Co-efficient of variance found near 0.3% for the new technique whereas it is more than 1% for the current system. This paper shows that the density achieved by reverse tension mechanism is very uniform at different layers of a package and also at the packages themselves than the conventional machine settings for both carded and combed cotton double ply yarn of finer and coarser count. Keywords: Reverse tension mechanism; Portion density; Package to package & within package; Unlevelness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i2.9344 DIUJST 2011; 6(2): 42-52
Introduction Of Intersecting Gilling Machine In Jute Processing For Making Jute And Blended Yarn
Authors: Miazi Md Osman Ghani , Mahabubuzzaman AKM , Maniruzzaman Mohammad , Anwer Md Masroor
Published: December 2011

The study was aim to determine the suitability of intersecting gilling machine in jute processing system. In this regard the machine was used for processing of jute fibre to yarn [1]. The third drawing sliver passed through the intersecting gilling of GN5 type into 4:1 input –output ratio of slivers. Yarns spun by this slivers through different types of spinning frame. Quality ratio of jute yarns produced from different spinning machines were measured. These were for Hessian Spinning machine is 84.17%, Apron draft spinning frame is 88.59% and Spingard spinning frame 96.34%. However for medium count jute-polypropylene blended yarn, the quality ratios are between 102- 112 and yarns were spun by hessian spinning frame. These results compared with the yarn produced through conventional jute spinning system (except intersecting Gilling machine, table 2). Findings of the study indicate a new era for the jute processing by using intersecting Gilling machine. It is observed that the introduction of Intersecting Gilling machine has a potential prospect in jute processing for making fine jute yarn. Keywords: Intersecting gilling; drawing machines; spinning machines; jute yarn. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i2.9347 DIUJST 2011; 6(2): 63-66
Variation Or Radon Activity Of Soil Samples With Colour Using Cr-39 Method
Authors: Arafin Sk Abdul Kader
Published: December 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i2.9348 DIUJST 2011; 6(2): 72-74
Changing Lifestyles Towards a Low Carbon Economy: An IPAT Analysis for China
Authors: Hubacek Klaus , Feng Kuishuang , Chen Bin
Published: December 2011

China has achieved notable success in developing its economy with approximate 10 percent average annual GDP growth over the last two decades. At the same time, energy consumption and CO2 emissions almost doubled every five years, which led China to be the world top emitter in 2007. In response, China’s government has put forward a carbon mitigation target of 40%–45% reduction of CO2 emission intensity by 2020. To better understand the potential for success or failure of such a policy, it is essential to assess different driving forces such as population, lifestyle and technology and their associated CO2 emissions. This study confirms that increase of affluence has been the main driving force for China’s CO2 emissions since the late 1970s, which outweighs reductions achieved through technical progress. Meanwhile, the contribution of population growth to CO2 emissions was relatively small. We also found a huge disparity between urban and rural households in terms of changes of lifestyle and consumption patterns. Lifestyles in urban China are beginning to resemble Western lifestyles, and approaching their level of CO2 emissions. Therefore, in addition to the apparent inefficiencies in terms of production technologies there is also a lot of room for improvement on the consumption side especially in interaction of current infrastructure investments and future consumption.
Metal Foaming Investigated by X-ray Radioscopy
Authors: Garcia-Moreno Francisco , Mukherjee Manas , Jiménez Catalina , Rack Alexander , Banhart John
Published: December 2011

The use of X-ray radioscopy for in-situ studies of metal foam formation and evolution is reviewed. Selected results demonstrate the power of X-ray radioscopy as diagnostic tool for metal foaming. Qualitative analyses of foam nucleation and evolution, drainage development, issues of thermal contact, mold filling, cell wall rupture and more are given. Additionally, quantitative analyses based on series of images of foam expansion yielding coalescence rates, density distributions, etc., are performed by dedicated software. These techniques help us to understand the foaming behavior of metals and to improve both foaming methods and foam quality.
Chromone and Flavonoid Alkaloids: Occurrence and Bioactivity
Authors: Khadem Shahriar , Marles Robin J.
Published: December 2011

The chromone and flavonoid alkaloids represent an unusual group of structurally diverse secondary metabolites, derived from the convergence of multiple biosynthetic pathways that are widely distributed through the plant and animal kingdoms. Many of them have been discovered through bioassay-guided chemical investigations of traditional medicines, suggesting potential therapeutic significance. Their unique structures and varied pharmacological activities may provide important new leads for the discovery of drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Potential therapeutic indications are as diverse as cancer and viral infections, inflammation and immunomodulation, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and diabetes.
Toribia del Val y el misterioso caminante de Casas de Benítez
Authors: Christian Jr. William A.
Published: December 2011

La visión experimentada en 1931 por una mujer en su huerto de un pueblo de Cuenca durante una sequía demuestra la pervivencia, en vísperas de la Guerra Civil española, de la idea de un forastero o peregrino misterioso que aparece con instrucciones para el pueblo, una antigua manera de proponer soluciones celestiales a problemas colectivos.
Rituales, descentramientos territoriales y niveles de identidad: La Semana Santa Marinera de Valencia
Authors: García Pilán Pedro
Published: December 2011

El propósito del artículo es estudiar los procesos de recomposición identitaria y espacial que la modernidad globalizada opera sobre los rituales religiosos tradicionales, a partir del caso de la Semana Santa Marinera de Valencia (España). Frente a la visión del ritual como reproductor de una única identidad local, se constata cómo los niveles de identidad locales, sin desaparecer, se ven progresivamente solapados con nuevas territorialidades de base cada vez más incierta, que incluyen desde redes de procesiones basadas en el derecho canónico hasta encuentros de extensión estatal. Por fin, la proyección mediática del ritual supone la creación de nuevas comunidades virtuales y desterritorializadas, fenómeno cuya complejidad se incrementa con la creación de comunidades virtuales a través de Internet. El descentramiento espacial del ritual supone así la activación de nuevas formas de identidad, construidas de manera híbrida y transversal, y refuerza su proceso de secularización.
Nested variant of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Authors: Terada Tadashi
Published: December 2011

The nested variant of urothelial carcinoma (NVUC) is characterized by the presence of benign-appearing urothelial carcinoma cells in the lamina propria, sparing the surface urothelial involvement. NVUC shows aggressive clinical course despite of benign-looking histology. Herein reported are two cases of NVUC. One is 80-year-old woman, and another is 78-year-old man. In both cases, atypical cells forming nests and tubules were seen in the lamina propria without surface urothelial involvement. One case resembled nephrogenic metaplasia and another proliferated Brunn's nest or inverted papilloma. Immunohistochemically, both cases showed positive p53 and high Ki67 labeling, suggesting that both cases are malignant. Immunohistochemically, one case was characterized by positive cytokeratins, EMA, p53, Ki-67 (labeling=15%), α-methylacyl CoA racemase, CA19-9, and MUC1, and another case by positive cytokeratins, EMA, p63, p53, Ki-67 (lebeling=30%), CD10, CEA, and MUC1. Cyto keratin immunoprofiles were described and other antigens’ expressions were shown. The patients are now free of tumor 6 and 15 months after the resection of the bladder tumor.
The Relation Between the Porous Medium and the Eikonal Equations in Several Space Dimensions
Authors: Lions Pierre-Louis , Souganidis Panagiotis E. , Vázquez Juan Luis
Published: January 2012

We study the relation between the porous medium equation

u_t = \Delta(u^m), \; m>1

, and the eikonal equation

\nu_t = |D\nu|^2

. Under quite general assumptions, we prove that the pressure and the interface of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the porous medium equation converge as

m \downarrow 1

to the viscosity solution and the interface of the Cauchy problem for the eikonal equation. We also address the same questions for the case of the Dirichlet boundary value problem.
Uma contribuição ao desenvolvimento de indicadores de desempenho para ativos intangíveis organizacionais
Authors: Dias Junior Claudelino Martins , De Lima Marcus Vinícius A. , Dalmau Marcos Baptista Lopez
Published: December 2011

O presente artigo cataloga modelos gerenciais que são utilizados e/ou adaptados em suas concepções originais e evidenciam a importância dos ativos intangíveis internos como efetivos elementos da sustentabilidade econômica de uma empresa. Assim, demonstra-se a metodologia de Teixeira (2005) de determinação de indicadores de flexibilidade para manufatura, a metodologia de França (2004) para o estabelecimento de indicadores para ativos intangíveis organizacionais e a metodologia de Hoss (2003) de avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa para os valores dos ativos intangíveis. Tal intento objetivou, considerando a participação dos valores dos ativos intangíveis, o desenvolvimento de indicadores de desempenho para estes mesmos ativos, no sentido de se obter melhores níveis de eficiência operacional na gestão de uma unidade de manufatura.