bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Euro-Atlantic Security in U.S.-EURussia Triangle and Trump Factor
Authors: Panyuzheva M. M.
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the security relations among the United States, the EU and Russia in the context of Donald Trump's populism, the change of Western political elites and the erosion of arms treaty regimes. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state and identify the probable scenarios of relations in the triangle of the USA – the EU – Russia. The article explores the features of the Euro-Atlantic security system from 1990’s till the mid-2000’s; the concept of Euro-Atlantic security in 2008-2009; the US, the EU and Russia relations under Barak Obama and Donald Trump. As a result of a comprehensive analysis, the author comes to the following conclusions: 1) the concept of Euro-Atlantic security is still relevant. Since the NATO based security arrangements are not stabile, security interaction among the USA, the EU and Russia is growing in importance. 2) European leaders seem to be moving towards building a new security architecture and a more balanced dialogue with Russia. The EU remains the main economic partner of the Russian Federation. 3) Trump's “transactional” approach has prompted Europeans to strengthen its defense identity and seek a compromise with Russia. 4) In a multipolar world, the Euro-Atlantic regional security is no longer closed to transatlantic ties. It is important to rethink the concept towards cooperation with non-regional countries. 5) The complex game of engagement and deterrence is likely to continue in relations between Russia and the West. The more uncertain the transatlantic relations become, the more the EU and the US need Russia.

The author declares absence of conflict of interests.
Tillage Method and Residual N, P, K, Zn, B, Mg, Ca, and S Nutrients Effect on Growth and Yield of Dry Bean Grown after the Harvest of Maize
Authors: Otieno Hillary Moses Omondi , Chemining‘wa George N. , Zingore Shamie , Gachene Charles K.
Published: January 2020

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production is constrained majorly by drought and low soil fertility in Kenya. These limitations have never been adequately approached due to financial challenges and lack of better technology. A study was carried out in Kirinyaga and Embu Counties to evaluate the effects of tillage method and residual fertilizers on yield performance of dry bean. Dry bean was grown in the short rains season on plots preceded by fertilized maize (Zea mays L.) grown in the long rains season. The trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement. The tillage methods, NT+CR and CT-CR, where NT: No-tillage, CT: Conventional tillage, and CR: Crop residue, were assigned the main plot and residual fertilizers (NK, NP, PK, NPK, and NPK+CaMgZnBS) the subplots. The results showed that there was 35% and 46% more water retention under NT+CR than under CT-CR system in Embu and Kirinyaga sites, respectively. NT+CR produced higher biomass, more number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-seed weight. Plots with residual NPK+ZnBMgCaS yielded higher biomass at 60 DAE, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight and grain yield than plots with other treatments. The residual NPK+ZnBMgCaS and NPK treatments out yielded PK treatment by 600 kg ha-1 and 370 kg ha-1 (Embu) and by 710 kg ha-1 and 330 kg ha-1 (Kirinyaga), respectively. Based on these results, cultivation of dry bean on residual fertilizer nutrients solely or in combination with no-till and crop residue retention after maize harvest has the potential to improve the yields and food security among farmers in the region.
Bazı Anason (Pimpinella anisum L.) Hatlarına ait Tohumların Genel Özellikleri ve Film Kaplama Uygulamasının Bu Tohumlar Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: Dumanoğlu Zeynep , Sönmez Çiğdem , Fatih Çakır Mehmet
Published: January 2020

Anason (Pimpinella anisum L.), tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler içerisinde ekonomik anlamda önemli bir yere sahip olan bir bitkidir. Sağlık, gıda, kozmetik gibi pek çok sektörün kullanımında önde gelen materyalleri arasında yer almaktadır. Gün geçtikçe artan çalışmalar ile birlikte dayanıklı ve güçlü hatlardan elde edilen tohumlardan elde edilen bitkisel materyallerin üretimi kolaylaşmaktadır. Bu nedenle, tohumların geldiği hatların özelliklerinin ortaya konması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, dört farklı anason hattına (İspanya, Mısır, Suriye, Türkiye,) ait tohumların bazı özellikleri (şekil-boyut, yüzey alan, iz düşüm alanı, ortalama geometrik ve aritmetik çap, küresellik, bin dane ağırlığı, ortalama çimlenme yüzdesi ve zamanı) (kontrol-film kaplı) incelenmiştir. Aynı zamanda tohumlara film kaplama uygulaması yapılmış ve tohumların bu özelliklerindeki değişim belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler istatistiki bakımdan da incelenmiştir.
Evaluation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure (SSOP) Implementation for Supporting Sustainable Production in Bakery SMEs
Authors: Sucipto Sucipto , Sumbayak Petri Wani , Perdani Claudia Gadizza
Published: January 2020

Resources efficiency in production is essential to support sustainable production. “X” Bakery is one of the bread small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Batu, East Java Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure (SSOP) in bread processing of SMEs production. This research used observation methods, interviews, and questionnaires. Respondents in this research are supervisors and employees of “X” Bakery. The results of this study indicated that the GMP implementation achieved 58.3% and SSOP of 52.3%, implying this industry had been standing under a minimum of 60%. This industry had poor qualified of GMP and SSOP. Five aspects of GMP have be fulfilled, namely the location and environment, production equipment, process control, food labelling, and product recall. Although, nine elements that have not met, namely buildings and facilities, water supply, sanitation facilities and activities, pest control, employee health, storage, supervision by the responsible person, employee documentation, and training. Furthermore, three aspects of SSOP have met, namely the prevention of cross-contamination, food protection, and labelling. There are five elements have not fulfilled SSOP criterias, namely the security of water, surface hygiene, sanitation facilities, and employee health control and pest prevention. The weakest indicator for each GMP and SSOP implementation are supervision and employee's health control respectively. Therefore, it was necessary to increase the employee's knowledge, the addition of supporting facilities, and production supervision to improve the implementation of GMP, SSOP, and sustainable production.
Farklı oranlardaki Eu2O3—Li2O—TeO2 karışımlarının gama radyasyonu yalıtım özelliklerinin Geant4 simülasyon kodu ve WinXCOM veri yazılımı kullanılarak karakterizasyonu
Authors: AŞKIN Ali , DAL Murat
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada, xEu2O3—(25-x)Li2O—75TeO2 (lityum-öropiyum-tellür) (x = %1, %2, %3, %4, %5 mol) camlarının gama radyasyonu kütle zayıflatma katsayıları (µm), gama radyosyonu transmisyonu (T), yarı değer kalınlığı (HVL) ve ortalama serbest yol (MFP) yalıtım parametreleri yüksek saflıkta germanyum (HPGe) dedektörünün Geant4 modeli ve WinXCOM veri tabanı kullanılarak 356 keV, 662 keV, 1173 keV, 1330 keV, 2510 keV ve 4000 keV foton enerjilerinde araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar cam örneklerinin kimyasal bileşenleri ve foton etkileşim mekanizmaları açısından değerlendirildiğinde, Öropiyum’un yüksek kütle numarası ve kimyasal formüldeki oranına bağlı olarak, %5 mol Eu2O3 içeren cam numunesinin gama radyasyonu yalıtım özelliklerinin %1 mol Eu2O3 içeren camdan yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.
Düşük kütle oranlı iki değen çift yıldızın yörünge dönemi değişimlerinin incelenmesi: V404 Peg ve V619 Peg
Authors: ÖZKARDEŞ Burcu
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada düşük kütle oranına sahip iki aşırı değen çift yıldızın yörünge dönemi değişimleri, detaylı olarak ilk kez incelenmiştir. Hedef sistemlerin dönem analizleri, veri tabanlarından ve literatür yayınlarından alınan minimum ışık zamanları kullanılarak O-C yöntemine göre yapılmıştır. V404 Peg’in O-C diyagramının aşağı parabol şeklinde bir yapı gösterdiği ve döneminin 9.3(5)x10-2 s/yıl oranında azaldığı bulunmuştur. V619 Peg’in O-C diyagramının parabol+çevrimsel yapı gösterdiği ve döneminin 6.3(1)x10-2 s/yıl oranında arttığı bulunmuş; çevrimsel dönem değişimi, olası üçüncü cisme ve Applegate mekanizmasına göre tartışılmıştır.
Random number generator based on RF spectrum sensing: energy detector and spectral correlation function approach
Authors: EKTİ Ali Rıza
Published: January 2020

Wireless communication is open and more vulnerable against to authorized and unauthorized users due to the broadcasting nature of wireless radio propagation in contrast to wired networks where two devices connected to each other physically through cables. Thus, assuring a secure wireless radio communication is an important and mandatory task for the 5G and beyond wireless networks. In order to prevent the manipulation and to ensure the privacy of the information, secure cryptographic algorithms are necessary. The performance of the cryptographic algorithms heavily relies on the generation of random keys which are created from the seeds and these seeds must be random. By utilization of the random nature of the wireless spectrum, secure random keys can be produced. Therefore, in this study, spectrum sensing based random number generator (RNG) is proposed in order to detect the unknown received signal and extract the noise part of the signal by simply adopting the second order statistics of the cyclostationary process, spectral correlation function and the energy detector approaches. However, utilization of probability mass function output statistics is also introduced to distinguish the noise and unknown signal. A measurement setup is developed also considering line of sight conditions. Obtained noise statistics are used to generate the random bit streams and the results are fed into the NIST 800-22 test suite to show how well the performance of the spectrum sensing based random number generator. High quality random numbers are obtained which implies that spectrum sensing based RNG can provide secure data transfer directly without any other physical device.
Multimodal ve unimodal taşımacılık için rota karşılaştırılması: Hatay-Tekirdağ vaka analizi
Authors: CANSIZ Ömer Faruk , ÜNSALAN Kevser
Published: January 2020

Çalışmada, konteyner yük taşımacılığı için güzergâh karşılaştırılması yapılmaktadır. Unimodal ve multimodal taşımacılık modu incelemesinin yanı sıra farklı güzergâh seçim kriterleri de ele alınmaktadır. Bu kriterler yakıt tüketimi, maliyet, taşıma süresi ve karbondioksit salınımı olmak üzere dört kategoride değerlendirilmektedir. Dört değerlendirme kriteri dikkate alınarak parasal ve parasal olmayan giderlerin toplamı olan genelleştirilmiş maliyet değerleri hesaplanmaktadır. Rotaları değerlendirmek için yükün Hatay’dan Trakya bölgesindeki Tekirdağ’a taşındığı kabul edilmektedir. Bu iki nokta arasında karayolu, demiryolu ve denizyolu olmak üzere üç unimodal ve bu taşımacılık türlerinin kombinasyonlarından oluşan dört farklı multimodal taşımacılık rotası oluşturulmaktadır. Geliştirilen rotaların genelleştirilmiş maliyetleri incelendiğinde %94,35- %72,43 performans aralığı ile optimum güzergah demiryolu çıkmaktadır. En verimsiz güzergâh ise %59,27-33,01 performans aralığı ile karayolu rotasıdır. Multimodal taşımacılık rotalarında tür değişim noktalarında yaşanan mali ve zamansal kayıplardan dolayı verimlilik düşmektedir.
Betonarme kolonların eşdeğer akma eğriliği için önerilen pratik bağıntıların irdelenmesi
Authors: HASGÜL Umut
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada, yapı sistemlerinin şekildeğiştirme esaslı tasarımı ve değerlendirilmesi çerçevesinde, eşdeğer akma eğrilikleri için literatürde önerilen pratik yaklaşımların geçerliliği kare enkesitli betonarme kolonlar üzerinde teorik olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, donatı akma dayanımı sabit tutularak enkesit boyutu, normal kuvvet düzeyi, boyuna donatı oranı ve beton basınç dayanımının parametrik olarak değiştirildiği 1500’ün üzerindeki hesap modeli için moment – eğrilik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu analiz sonuçları referans alınarak, ilgili bağıntıların hangi oranda doğru sonuç verdiği geniş bir çerçevede değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen kolon enkesitlerine ait eşdeğer akma eğriliklerinin belirlenmesinde normal kuvvetin düzeyine bağlı olarak, P/Agfc' < 0.3 için donatı çeliğinin akması, P/Agfc' = 0.3 için donatı çeliğinin akması ve/veya betonun ezilmesi, P/Agfc' > 0.3 için ise betonun ezilmesi hakim olmuştur. Pratik bağıntılardan elde edilen akma eğrilikleri için boyuna donatı oranı ve beton basınç dayanımının bağımsız etkileri sınırlı iken, normal kuvvet düzeyi ile birlikte olan birleşik etkileri bu parametreleri önemli hale getirmiştir.
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM) UNTUK PRODUK APLIKASI HOTELMU BERBASIS WEBSITE
Authors: Alamsyah Nur
Published: January 2020

This research aims to build information systems Customer Relationship Management for the Hotelmu Products in managing customers data, proposals data, contracts data and invoicing data. Information systems and Customer Relationship Management are also expected to facilitate the Hotelmu customers� application to convey complaints, suggestions and criticism. This information system will be designed and built with the Prototype process models and methods of object oriented development. To describe the results of analysis by Object Oriented approach to these compilers uses Unified Modeling Language (UML), among others, Use Case diagrams, Activity diagrams, Sequence Diagrams, and Class diagrams. Then it will be built with CodeIgniter programming language and MySQL as database. Information system Customer Relationship Management (CRM), is expected to ease the controlling all Hotelmu clients effectively and efficiently. So the recapitulation process of client data, making proposals, contracts, and invoices use a special application, and the data stored in the database safely and it can be searched at any time by efficiently.�Keywords : CRM, Hotelmu, Object Oriented, Prototype
DEVELOPMENT OF WEB AND MOBILE-BASED INVENTORY INFORMATION SYSTEM IN TRANSITCO COMPANIES
Authors: Sabarudin Soleh
Published: January 2020

Currently the system that is running still has many shortcomings and weaknesses causing the company's performance to be hampered and has not been able to support all the needs that the company wants such as the report preparation that is long enough so that the owner waits long to get it. This study aims to analyze and design a web-based inventory system that can present the information needed. Operations that run on this system are: check goods, input sales data, input purchase data, convection data input, purchase reports, and sales reports. The use of this system is divided into two accesses, namely for employees and owners so that they can easily manage goods data. The development tools used in this study use the CI, PHP framework as a programming language and phpMyAdmin 4.7.9 as the MySQL DBMS interface. Design and design an inventory system for TransitCo Bandung goods using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) method as its modeling tool. This Inventory system is web and mobile based so it is more dynamic and can be used easily and user friendly. The system is used to manage goods data with various menus available both for employees and the owner.Keywords: Unified Modeling Language (UML), PHP and MySQL, Inventory
Perbandingan Efektivitas Larvasida Ekstrak Kulit dan Daging Buah Sawo (Manilkara zapota) terhadap Kematian Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Authors: Trisnawati Ade , Azizah Ardiani Samti Nur
Published: January 2020

Demam berdarah merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang penyebarannya dilakukan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Upaya pemberantasan nyamuk Aedes aegypti khususnya pada fase larva dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan larvasida yang berasal dari bahan alam. Salah satu bahan alam yang berpotensi sebagai larvasida adalah buah sawo. Kulit dan daging buah sawo muda diketahui memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif yaitu tanin, flavonoid, dan alkaloid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas larvasida pada ekstrak kulit dengan ekstrak daging buah sawo muda terhadap kematian larva Aedes aegypti. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan yaitu 0 ppm (kontrol negatif), 2500 pp, 5000 ppm, 7500 ppm, 10000 ppm, 12500 ppm, 15000 ppm dan 20000 ppm. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu larva Aedes aegypti instar III sebanyak 10 larva dan diamati selama 24 jam dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Uji yang digunakan yaitu uji regresi dan uji perbedaan. Hasil uji regresi menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kulit buah sawo (54,7 %) lebih rendah dari ekstrak daging buah sawo (64,3 %) dalam membunuh larva uji. Hasil uji perbedaan pada konsentrasi selain 7500 ppm didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 hal ini menandakan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata kematian pada kelompok
ekstrak kulit dan daging buah sawo.
From Individual Freedom to Social Order: The Religion Question in Social Theory
Authors: KUTLU Aydoğan
Published: January 2020

This study deals with the question of religion, which constitutes a basic discussion of political and social theory with the birth of the modern state. The autonomization of politics from religion, with various scientific developments has led to the secularization of other scopes of society and the public functions of religion have become increasingly debatable. Two moments and their synthesis can be mentioned here. After the French Revolution, the Enlightenment's critical debate on an individual basis turned into a supportive debate focusing on the social function of religion. A critical synthesis of these individual and social approaches was developed by Marx and the inadequacy of considering religion as a purely epistemological problem was ignored.
Jewish Nation State Law and Transformation of the Elite in Israel
Authors: ÇINKARA Gökhan
Published: January 2020

In this paper I will discuss that The Basic Law: Israel as the Nation State of the Jewish People which is enacted in 2018, is taken a form around that is seen at elite and institutional level of historical institutional transformations in Israel. Legal arrangements are main builder of state and society relation sets around the world. Political elites as the decision makers of political process in Israel whose preferences and orientations stand out as the main factor in determining the content of legislative activities. Ashkenazi middle class intellectuals, political activists and professional politicians who the founding political elites in Israel came to fore as the main agents in the founding process of Israel. Demographic change, diversification of geopolitical preferences, differentiation of the components of the economic structure affected on social dynamics and transformed the composition of the elites. It is observed that the preferences of the decision making actors who have shifted from the Ashkenazi elites to Mizrahi elites that have started to be effective in Israel. Ideological differences, intergenerational challenges and personal conflicts between political professionals of Ashkenazi elites that have accelerated the rise of the Mizrahi elites in Israel.
Problems and contradictions of international migration statistics
Authors: Loginov B. B.
Published: January 2020

Analysis of problems and trends in the field of international migration development is impossible without reliable statistical data. Particular economic importance for any country including Russia are data on the flows of labor migrants, which have a great impact on the domestic labor market, gross domestic product, balance of payments. International organizations, including United Nations bodies, haven’t worked out single recommendations on proceeding migration statistics, stratification of migration flows. The universal worldwide technique with border and internal migrant calculation principles regarding flows and stocks of labor migrants is absent at the moment.

The author focuses on key discrepancies of national migration statistics in different countries and widely practiced flexible interpretation of it by Western politicians and mass media, therefore, the acuteness of migration problems in the Western countries (first, in the European Union) is overestimated and, on the contrary, migration difficulties of such countries as Russia, Iran, Turkey are downgraded or fully ignored. The difficulties in the calculation of international migration, arising from the ambiguous interpretation of the concept of “migrant”, have been indicated. Three approaches – residence outside the country of birth, citizenship, place of usual daily rest – often conflict with each other, when it is necessary to establish the true country of origin of the migrant.

The shortcomings of the main sources of information about immigrants: population census, administrative records, population surveys have been also analyzed in the article. New phenomena in international migration flows, such as “cross-motivation” of migrants and migration without going abroad, require their understanding.
Isolation and Characterization of Commercial Probiotics
Authors: Kolli Guna Ranjan  , Girija Sankar G  , Satyanarayana Raju D V V
Published: January 2020

Commercial probiotics have bacteria which offer scope for specific treatment as a probiotic against diarrhoea, boosting immune response and relieving stress. Research in probiotics and aquaculture has been done to promote sustainable aquaculture. Studies on microbial ecology in aquaculture and their benefits on human systems are to be assessed. Hence, the present study was aimed at the isolation and characterization of these bacteria obtained from various commercial probiotics. The commercial probiotic samples were collected for isolation using MRS agar. The colonies were selected on the basis of colonial morphology.  Isolates were put through cell morphology, physiology and different biochemical tests. Probiotic sample confirmation was done using 16srRNA molecular technique. MEGA7 was used to conduct phylogenetic evolutionary analysis and tabulate a distance matrix. In results, the isolates manifested non-identical growth patterns at dissimilar conc. of NaCl (2.0,4.0 and 6.5) oxygen and at different temperatures (150C, 300C and 450C). On the basis of sugar utilization, physiological testing, biochemical characterization and genetic identification tests, all isolates were established to different species of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus Plantarum. A systematic protocol was done to identify, characterize probiotic samples and identify them by genetic analysis. Probiotic use is carefully assessed by regulations
Discovery of a new tetramethylpyrazine based chalcone with α, β-Unsaturated ketone moiety as a potential anticancer agent
Authors: Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
Published: January 2020

In this study, a new ligustrazine-based chalcone molecule has been synthesized that contains an extra α, β-Unsaturated ketone moiety along with α, the β-Unsaturated carbonyl group of chalone. A new tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) based aldehyde was synthesized to make the TMP (ligustrazine) as part of chalcone and then it was reacted with newly synthesized ketone containing additional α, β-Unsaturated ketone moiety. After characterization, this new compound was evaluated for its effect on different types of cancer cell lines and very promising results were obtained. The growth of these cancer cells was inhibited by newly designed and synthesized compounds, especially for colon and pancreatic cancer cells with IC50 0.04 - 0.05 µM
Phytopharmacological and Antioxidant Analysis of Hydroethanolic Extract of Boerhavia diffusa
Authors: Murugan K  , Kalaivani P  , Vanitha V  , Bothiraj K.V.
Published: January 2020

Boerhavia diffusa, a well-known ethno-medicinal plant and were found in tropics and sub-tropics. Boerhavia diffusa is a traditional medicinal plant and they can cure many human ailments. It has most promising pharmacological activities include antifibrinolytic, immunosuppressive, diuretic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antilympho proliferative, analgesic properties and also for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Due to their adverse side effects, the naturally occurring antioxidants has increased and replaced by the synthetic antioxidants. This study is focussed on the phytochemical evaluation and in vitro antioxidant activity of Hydroethanolic extract of Boerhavia diffusa. The qualitative chemical test exhibited the presence of phytocompounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, coumarin, steroids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, emodins and saponins. Quantitative analysis of total phenol, total flavonoid and total tannin was found to be 205.25mg/g, 121.65 mg/g and 61.41mg/g. DPPH, Total antioxidant activity, Superoxide anion radical, Nitric oxide and Hydroxy radical scavenging assay showed that B.diffusa was an excellent scavenger of these radicals. These results are an indication of the potent antioxidant property of the extract and may be responsible for some of the therapeutic uses of Boerhavia diffusa.
Neuropharmacology of nicotine dependence
Authors: Hamdan S. Al-malky
Published: January 2020

The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms is regarded as the key to mediating smoking relapse amongst smokers. The present study acknowledged the high relapse rates emerging from the inability to address the causes of powerful addiction effects besides identifying chronic disorders caused by nicotine. The present study explored nicotine addiction and its effects on different smoking patterns to provide an informative platform to design interventions that would deliver effective ways of quitting smoking. The study utilized systemic reviews on publications of previous studies obtained from scholarly journal databases, including PubMed, Medline, EBSCO Host, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. Moreover, the study used secondary information obtained from health organizations using filters and keywords to retrieve relevant information. The use of search keywords and filters limited the study to relevant peer-reviewed journals. The study utilized information retrieved from 35 studies obtained from peer-reviewed journals on “nicotine dependence,” “smoking cessation,” and “pharmacology of nicotine dependence and addiction.” The drug tolerance arising in nicotine dependence involved minimized tolerance often occurring during recurrent administration of drugs translated to neuroadaptation. The brain tends to develop challenges in the absence of nicotine, particularly when individuals quit smoking, thus compelling them to backslide from their abstinence. Higher nicotine dependence demotivates individuals from quitting smoking, making the cessation interventions unfruitful, worsened by the inability to understand the causative factors. The solution to overcome nicotine dependence alongside tobacco usage involves a complex treatment technique that would aim to reduce the probability of relapse. Nicotine dependence, Nicotine addiction, Tobacco addiction cycle, Neural survival, Pharmacology of nicotine
DESIGN THINKING YANG DILAKUKAN BUDI PRADONO DALAM PROSES DESAIN HOTEL U JANEVALLA
Authors: Putri ; Jonathan Hans Yoas S. Nadia Rahmalia
Published: January 2020

Abstrak- Design thinking merupakan proses di mana arsitek melakukan pendekatan problem-solving untuk menyikapi masalah-masalah dalam proses desain. Proses problem-solving ini merupakan proses pencarian solusi yang paling tepat dari semua solusi-solusi yang diciptakan. Solusi-solusi yang diambil menjadi keputusan-keputusan desain, merupakan faktor pembentuk dari desain keseluruhan bangunan dan pengambilannya dipengaruhi oleh sikap normatif arsitek.Salah satu arsitek di Indonesia yang memiliki karakter kuat sehingga selalu menghasilkan desain arsitektur yang menarik adalah Budi Pradono. Firma arsiteknya bernama Budi Pradono Architects atau sering disingkat menjadi BPA.Salah satu bangunan karya BPA yang menarik adalah Hotel U Janevalla di Bandung. Melihat tampilan bangunan tersebut yang atraktif secara sekilas, tercermin kerumitan dalam proses perencanaannya karena bentukannya yang tidak biasa dan sangat iconic.Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana design thinking yang dilakukan oleh Budi Pradono dalam proses desain Hotel U Janevalla Bandung.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, data diperoleh dari studi literatur, pengamatan langsung ke lapangan, gambar kerja, serta dari wawancara kepada arsitek utama dan arsitek in-charge Hotel U Janevalla.Kesimpulan yang diperoleh bahwa design thinking yang dilakukan Budi Pradono dalam proses problem-solving dari tahapan konsep hingga pengawasan berkala terlihat dengan jelas dipengaruhi oleh sikap normatifnya dan menjadi cerminan dari keatraktifan desain Hotel U Janevalla. Dalam design thinkingnya, arsitektur yang layak dengan sikap normatif arsiteknya adalah arsitektur yang memiliki inovasi karena didapatkan dari hasil pemetaan fenomena terkini dengan riset dan mengedepankan eksperimen dengan mempertanyakan produksi bangunan konvensional. Problem yang muncul dalam design thinking Budi Pradono adalah bagaimana agar ia dapat membuat desain hotel yang atraktif dan memenuhi arsitektur yang layak sesuai dengan sikap normatifnya. Tujuan Budi Pradono untuk menciptakan hotel dengan desain yang atraktif turut menambah sub-problem dalam desain. Hal ini membuat proses problem-solving yang dilakukan akan semakin banyak tetapi dapat menciptakan potensi inovasi yang semakin banyak pula. Selain itu, bertambahnya sub-problem juga diakibatkan oleh hal-hal yang tak terduga muncul dalam prosesnya dan membutuhkan penyikapan desain. Prosedur problem-solving yang digunakan dalam design thinking Budi Pradono adalah seluruh prosedur tetapi didominasi oleh penggunaan prosedur generate-and-test procedures. Rules yang digunakan pada beberapa kasus problem-solving adalah rules analogi dancing, rules relasi bangunan dengan lingkungan, rules operator, rules standar hotel bintang 4, dan rules desain industrial. Tipe Problem-solving yang paling sering dilakukan adalah problem-solving yang terus berkembang dengan penyesuaian atau rules yang masuk dan akhirnya menemukan keputusan solusi.
FUNGSI STRUKTURAL DAN ARSITEKTURAL PADA KONSTRUKSI BAMBU BANGUNAN AMFITEATER TAMAN BUAH MEKARSARI
Authors: Julya ; Anastasia Maurina Sharon
Published: January 2020

Abstrak- Struktur pada bangunan merupakan hal yang penting dan mendasar untuk mewujudkan terbangunnya sebuah bangunan dalam arsitektur. Penentuan sistem struktur bangunan terkait jenis material tertentu yang dapat memampukan struktur bangunan menanggung beban dan mendukung bentuk bangunan serta sistem bangunan. Salah satu material lokal yang dimiliki oleh negara Indonesia dan berpotensi bersaing sebagai elemen struktur yang banyak digunakan untuk kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat sejak masa lampau adalah bambu. Seperti pada bangunan Amfiteater Taman Buah Mekarsari yang berlokasi di Kota Bogor,  konstruksi bambu pada atap yang juga merupakan pelingkup ruang tidak hanya memiliki fungsi struktural sebagai penyalur beban, akan tetapi memiliki fungsi arsitektural yang memengaruhi ruang, aktivitas, dan pensuasanaan ruang dengan kekhasannya sebagai material alam yang memberi kesan menarik dan indah.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan struktural juga keindahan arsitektural yang optimal dan fungsional pada bangunan Amfiteater Taman Buah Mekarsari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode kualitatif dengan cara memperoleh data melalui studi literatur, pengamatan langsung terhadap bangunan dan lingkungannya, melakukan dokumentasi visual, wawancara dengan arsitek bangunan, penggunaan software simulasi struktur, serta model analog.Melalui penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemilihan struktur rafter roof mampu mempertahankan bentuk bangunan Amfiteater Taman Buah Mekarsari yang simetris dan juga memberikan pensuasanaan melalui susunan strukturnya terhadap ruang dalam dan mempertahankan pesan yang terdapat pada konsep bangunan.
Determination of moisture resistance of covered electrodes according to PN-EN ISO 14372
Authors: Mielnicka Katarzyna , Wolski Adrian , Świerczyńska Aleksandra , Rogalski Grzegorz , Fydrych Dariusz
Published: January 2020

Moisture present in the electrode covering is one of the sources of diffusible hydrogen in welded joints. In order to study the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal, a stand for moisturizing covered electrodes, in accordance with the PN-EN ISO 14372 standard, was built. After the stand was completed, a test of moisturizing the electrodes was carried out and measurements of the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal using the mercury method (according to PN-EN ISO 3690) were conducted. The research was aimed at verifying the correctness of the operation of test stand and indirect determination of the influence of storage of rutile-cellulose and cellulose electrodes under fixed conditions on the degree of moisturizing of the weld metal. Both tested electrode grades belong to the group of electrodes with a standard covering.
A comparison of national essential medicines lists in the Americas
Authors: Steiner Liane , Maraj Darshanand , Woods Hannah , Jarvis Jordan , Yaphe Hannah , Adekoya Itunu , Bali Anjli , Persaud Nav
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To compare national essential medicines lists (NEMLs) from countries in the Region of the Americas and to identify potential opportunities for improving those lists.

Methods. In June of 2017, NEMLs from 31 countries in the Americas were abstracted from documents included in a World Health Organization (WHO) repository. The lists from the Americas were compared to each other and to NEMLs from outside of the Americas, as well as with the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 20th edition (“WHO Model List”) and the list of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Regional Revolving Fund for Strategic Public Health Supplies (“Strategic Fund”).

Results. The number of differences between the NEMLs from the Americas and the WHO Model List were similar within those countries (median: 295; interquartile range (IQR): 265 to 347). The NEMLs from the Americas were generally similar to each other. While the NEMLs from the Americas coincided well with the Strategic Fund list, some medicines were not included on any of those NEMLs. All the NEMLs in the Americas included some medicines that were withdrawn due to adverse effects by a national regulatory body (median: 8 withdrawn medicines per NEML; IQR: 4 to 12).

Conclusions. The NEMLs in the Americas were fairly similar to each other and to the WHO Model List and the Strategic Fund list. However, some areas of treatment and some specific medicines were identified that the countries should reassess when revising their NEMLs.
Modified tuber starches as potential stabilizer for food-grade Pickering emulsions
Authors: Xiao Xian Lim , Yussof Nor Shariffa , Mat Lazim Azwan , Uthumporn Utra
Published: January 2020

The application of modified tuber starches in particle-stabilized emulsions was studied to
obtain surfactant-free emulsions, called Pickering emulsions. Three different starches,
namely, potato (P), sweet potato (S) and tapioca (T) starches were modified using dry-heat
treatment (HD, 120°C, 150 mins), hydrothermal treatment (HM, 50°C, 30 mins), OSAmodification (OSA, 2.9%) and hydroxypropylation (HP, 2 mL of 20% propylene oxide)
before being used as stabilizer for stabilizing emulsion. The physicochemical properties of
the starches and the characteristics of the stabilized emulsion were studied. Potato OSAtreated starch (POSA) had significantly higher degree of substitution (DS) (DS = 0.0154)
than SOSA (DS = 0.0081) and TOSA (DS = 0.0083). For the starches undergone
treatment of hydroxypropylation, SHP had the highest molar substitution (MS) value of
0.20, followed by PHP (0.11) and THP (0.10). The amylose content of starches reduced
significantly after all modifications (HD, HM, OSA, and HP). All OSA-treated starch
(POSA, SOSA, and TOSA) had higher fat binding capacity compared to their native and
starches that modified using different treatments (HD, HM, and HP). Based on the
emulsification index values and optical microscopic images, all starch particles were able
to stabilize emulsions except for SC, SHM, TC, and THM. Optical microscopic images
showed that the starch particles accumulated and formed a densely packed layer at the oilwater interface. At the starch concentration of 400 mg/mL oil, emulsion stabilized by dryheated potato starch and all hydroxypropylated-starch-stabilized emulsions had a high
emulsification index value of 1. Significantly highest viscosity was noticed from the
emulsion stabilized by POSA. Overall, by comparing the physico-chemical properties of
the modified starches and the characteristics of emulsions stabilized, potato OSA-treated
starch (POSA) had the best emulsifying ability.
Design Science Research in Practice: What Can We Learn from a Longitudinal Analysis of the Development of Published Artifacts?
Authors: O De Sordi Jose , Azevedo Marcia , Meireles Manuel , Hernan Contreras Pinochet Luis , Francisco Bitencourt Jorge Carlos
Published: January 2020

Aim/Purpose: To discuss the Design Science Research approach by comparing some of its canons with observed practices in projects in which it is applied, in order to understand and structure it better.

Background: Recent criticisms of the application of the Design Science Research (DSR) approach have pointed out the need to make it more approachable and less confusing to overcome deficiencies such as the unrealistic evaluation.

Methodology: We identified and analyzed 92 articles that presented artifacts developed from DSR projects and another 60 articles with preceding or subsequent actions associated with these 92 projects. We applied the content analysis technique to these 152 articles, enabling the preparation of network diagrams and an analysis of the longitudinal evolution of these projects in terms of activities performed and the types of artifacts involved.

Contribution: The content analysis of these 152 articles enabled the preparation of network diagrams and an analysis of the longitudinal evolution of these projects in terms of the activities and types of artifacts involved. Evidence was found of a precedence hierarchy among different types of artifacts, as well as nine new opportunities for entry points for the continuity of DSR studies. Only 14% of the DSR artifacts underwent an evaluation by typical end users, characterizing a tenth type of entry point. Regarding the evaluation process, four aspects were identified, which demonstrated that 86% of DSR artifact evaluations are unrealistic.

Findings: We identified and defined a set of attributes that allows a better characterization and structuring of the artifact evaluation process. Analyzing the field data, we inferred a precedence hierarchy for different artifacts types, as well as nine new opportunities for entry points for the continuity of DSR studies.

Recommendation for Researchers: The four attributes identified for analyzing evaluation processes serve as guidelines for practitioners and researchers to achieve a realistic evaluation of artifacts.

Future Research: The nine new entry points identified serve as an inspiration for researchers to give continuity to DSR projects.
Öğütülmüş Kolemanit İçeren Betonlarda Sodyum Klorür Etkisi
Authors: KARA Cuma , KÜTÜK-SERT Tuba , KÜTÜK Sezai
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada, %0 (Referans), %1,
%2, %3, %4 ve %5 oranlarında öğütülmüş kolemanit minerali çimento ile ikame
edilerek beton karışımları hazırlanmıştır. Beton karışımlar 150 x 150 x 150 mm
boyutlu küp kalıplara yerleştirilmiştir. Sertleşmiş beton numuneler 28 gün suda
kür edilerek, sonrasında 90. güne kadar sodyum klorür (NaCI) çözeltisine maruz
bırakılmıştır. Ayrıca aynı özelliklerde üretilen kontrol beton örnekleri ise
90. güne kadar su küründe bekletilmiştir. Kontrol ve NaCI çözeltisine maruz
bırakılmış beton numuneler üzerinde Schmidt çekici, ultrases geçiş hızı ve
basınç dayanımı deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen deneyler
üzerinden beton numunelerin NaCI çözeltisinin etkisi ile meydana gelen kayıplar
hesaplanmıştır Sonuç olarak, çimentoya ikame edilen %5 kolemanit ikameli
numunenin, kolemanit içermeyen numuneye göre basınç dayanımını azalttığı, ancak
%4’ kadar ikame oranlarında ise dayanımı arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. NaCI
çözeltisi kürü sonucunda, en yüksek basınç dayanımı ve en az basınç dayanımı
kaybının %3 kolemanit ikameli beton karışımına ait olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
La conflictividad de la ideología feminista en la cultura fang: una aproximación al estudio del patriarcado en Guinea Ecuatorial
Authors: Bituga Nchama Pedro Bayeme
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo tiene el propósito de evidenciar la conflictividad que hay entre la ideología feminista y la cultura de una de las varias etnias de Guinea Ecuatorial. Este estudio es importante porque pone de manifiesto las múltiples dificultades que encuentra la ideología feminista para incidir en ese pueblo. Teniendo presente esta realidad, existe una aversión al feminismo porque se concibe como una amenaza al orden establecido por el sistema patriarcal que ha oprimido a la mujer durante largos años. Hoy en día las cosas empiezan a cambiar porque existe una toma de conciencia de parte de las mujeres que cuestionan todo lo que se ha dicho que era normal para ellas. La solución que se proponeara evitar la sumisión de la mujer está en que se debe demoler el adoctrinamiento al que han asistido las mujeres dentro del sistema patriarcal al que hacemos referencia. En otras palabras, hay que despatriarcar la cultura. Por eso, una educación orientada hacia la igualdad entre varones y mujeres sería la mejor opción. Los principales resultados de este estudio muestran que es necesario el feminismo para que la mujer pueda darse cuenta que también es persona y merece ser tratada como tal, sin discriminación ni estigmatizaciones sociales. En relación a las consecuencias de esta solución hay que señalar que, si se educa tanto al hombre como a la mujer en igualdad, se construiría una sociedad más equitativa que no rechace la ideología feminista por considerarla perjudicial para la mujer de esta cultura.
Expansão da educação superior a distância: a questão da institucionalização
Authors: Silva Rosineide Da , Vilela Tânia Jucilene Vieira
Published: January 2020

O artigo em questão trata da educação superior brasileira e sua expansão na modalidade a distância. A partir da aprovação da LDB - Lei 9.394/1996, precisamente em seu artigo 80 que trata da educação a distância, muito tem sido o crescimento desta modalidade no Brasil.  Dessa forma, os cursos a distância em instituições públicas são ofertados por meio de Convênio entre a Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), os Estados, Municípios e as Universidades, após o credenciamento dessa junta ao Ministério da Educação (MEC). Para o embasamento teórico será utilizado estudiosos como: DOURADO (2011); MERCADO (2011); PRETI (2009), que vão trazer pontos relevantes para nosso estudo e discussões acerca da educação brasileira, a modalidade a distância e a institucionalização e, as políticas públicas no ensino superior. No entanto, essa expansão de relevância acelerada em instituições públicas e privadas, tem levado a discussão no interior das universidades, especialmente as públicas, a pensar a questão da institucionalização desse ensino. Assim, o trabalho vem trazer reflexões bibliográficas sobre o que está sendo abordado na atualidade.
Aquicultura como ferramenta de interação entre Universidade e Sociedade
Authors: Albuquerque Daniele Menezes , Herrig Eloísa De Arruda , Cavichiolo Fabiana
Published: January 2020

A aquicultura define-se pelo cultivo de organismos que possuem ao menos uma fase da vida na água, dispõe de diversas modalidades dependendo do tipo de organismo e a água que são cultivados. Embora, na última década, tenha ocorrido no Brasil um grande incentivo voltado a conservação do meio ambiente com importantes avanços tecnológicos na produção de alimentos de origem animal, ainda sim a aquicultura é uma atividade que pode gerar impactos significativos sobre o meio ambiente. Assim, o projeto de interação entre universidade e sociedade vem sendo desenvolvido por 20 acadêmicos do curso de Engenharia de Aquicultura da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados-UFGD na cidade de Dourados no Mato Grosso do Sul. Antes de dar início a ações, os acadêmicos passaram por um treinamento afim de elaboração das atividades, do cronograma e das técnicas de como interagir com o público. Deu-se início ao projeto na Escola Municipal Professor Manoel Santiago de Oliveira, com atividades lúdicas envolvendo oficina de reciclagem, conscientização do uso racional da água e Dia Mundial do Meio Ambiente. Em seguida foi aplicado um questionário e distribuídos panfletos orientativos sobre o consumo de peixes, no período da Semana Santa durante a 14º Festa do Peixe no Parque Rego D’água na cidade de Dourados-MS. Os resultados foram avaliados conforme a participação dos envolvidos. Conclui-se que as atividades lúdicas despertaram o interesse sobre o consumo de peixes. Bem como as atividades realizadas despertaram uma diminuição do consumo e assim a emissão de resíduos sólidos ao meio ambiente.
Ações de eextensão da UNIMONTES na difusão de tecnologias zootécnicas à agricultores da Região Semiárida do Norte de Minas Gerais
Authors: Monção Flávio Pinto , Rocha Júnior Vicente Ribeiro , Antunes Neto Osmar , Rufino Leidy Darmony de Almeida , Carvalho Cinara Da Cunha Siqueira , Prudêncio Amanda Cristian Cardoso , Oliveira Maria Luiza , Nascimento Raissa Carvalho , Leal Dijair Barbosa , Ferreira Heberth Christian , Martins Pinheiro Pâmella Gabriela
Published: January 2020

Objetivou-se por meio de atividades extensionistas orientar e incentivar produtores da agricultura familiar da região semiárida do Norte de Minas Gerais quanto ao uso de tecnologias de forma estratégica visando aumentar a produção de leite e/ou carne ao longo do ano. O desenvolvimento das ações para os produtores familiares ocorreram nas cidades de Espinosa, Catuti, Porteirinha, Janaúba e Verdelândia a partir de Julho de 2017. A princípio, foram realizadas reuniões com a Secretaria de Agricultura do município e com as famílias produtoras, com a finalidade de interagir e explicar o papel da Unimontes no local, bem como a troca de saberes e conhecimento histórico, área local e a comunidade como um todo. Houve participação de 514 produtores rurais nas palestras discutindo manejo e uso da palma forrageira, BRS capiaçu e estratégias de suplementação para ruminantes. Houve participação de 214 produtores nas reuniões realizadas em Espinosa e 70 produtores na zona rural de Catuti. Detecta-se a importância da continuidade das palestras e orientações técnicas aos produtores da região semiáida com intuito de incrementar a produção animal/vegetal, a oferta de produtos de melhor qualidade e a fonte de renda dos envolvidos no sistema de produção.