bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aircraft System Design and Integration
Authors: Coldbeck D. P. , Smrček L.
Published: April 2021

In the 1980's the British aircraft industry changed its approach to the management of projects from a system where a project office would manage a project and rely on a series of specialist departments to support them to a more process oriented method, using systems engineering models, whose most outwardly visible signs were the introduction of multidisciplinary product teams. One of the problems with the old method was that the individual departments often had different priorities and projects would get uneven support. The change in the system was only made possible for complex designs by the electronic distribution of data giving instantaneous access to all involved in the project. In 1997 the Defence and Aerospace Foresight Panel emphasised the need for a system engineering approach if British industry was to remain competitive. The Royal Academy of Engineering recognised that the change in working practices also changed what was required of a chartered engineer and redefined their requirements in 1997 [1]. The result of this is that engineering degree courses are now judged against new criteria with more emphasis placed on the relevance to industry rather than on purely academic content. At the University of Glasgow it was realized that the students ought to be made aware of current working practices and that there ought to be a review to ensure that the degrees give students the skills required by industry. It was decided to produce a one week introduction course in systems engineering for Masters of Engineering (MEng) students to be taught by both university lecturers and practitioners from a range of companies in the aerospace industry with the hope of expanding the course into a module. The reaction of the students was favourable in terms of the content but it seems ironic that the main criticism was that there was not enough discussion involving the students. This paper briefly describes the individual teaching modules and discusses the experiences and lessons learnt from this course with some thoughts on the way it is proposed to develop the course.
Design Failures in Aerospace Electrical Systems(The Identification of Sneak Circuits)
Authors: Goodchild C. , Watt J.
Published: April 2021

The malfunction or failure of an aircraft electrical system because signal or power flow paths were unintentionally designed into the electrical circuit, is known to be the cause of several major failures of engineering systems. These unintentional signal or power paths are called sneak circuits. The nature of Sneak Circuits was first considered after they had been identified as the cause of some spectacular and expensive rocket failures in the United States space programme. This paper reviews the status of Sneak Circuit Analysis (SCA) and presents a general systematic approach the author has devised to identify sneak circuits during the circuits design phase. The application of the method of SCA is illustrated with a case study. The paper makes a case to take the investigation of an electrical failure or malfunction beyond the identification of a failed component to include a search for possible sneak circuits. The obvious fact that could result from the discovery of a sneak circuit is the shift in legal responsibility from the component manufacturer to the circuit designer.
Investigation of Flight Dynamic of Hang-glider
Authors: Gáti B.
Published: April 2021

This paper shows, how the most important parameters of a two-body system like a hang-glider, can be identified. The first step is to develop a simulation program with an acceptable reality model. Such a model involves a lot of constants. I carried out an investigation of sensitivity ir; order to select the constants that are the most important to specify. The results show that the aerodynamic constant cmq has the most significant effect on a  phygoidal oscillation. I have developed an identification program and a measuring system to determine the real value of this constant as well as the hang-glider's other aerodynamical and stability parameters.
PLASMA MODIFICATION OF MICROFIBERS - APPLICATION TO LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENT COMPOSITE CONTAINING RECYCLED CONCRETE
Authors: Ďureje Jakub , Prošek Zdeněk , Trejbal Jan , Tesárek Pavel , Potocký Štěpán
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the optimalization of composition for reinforced lightweight cement composite containing micronized recycled concrete, which will be used to produce masonry blocks. The composite material is reinforced with polypropylene microfibers. To increase the cohesion between the fibers and the cementitious matrix, the optimal modification using oxygen plasma was chosen. Furthermore, a suitable foaming agent was chosen to lighten the cement matrix. A suitable ratio of cement and micronized recycled concrete was determined. Finally, a cement composite was made from the optimized components. The mechanical properties of this composite were tested. The resulting mechanical properties of the lightweight samples were compared with the non-light samples.
ON COMPARISON OF 3D ISOGEOMETRIC TIMOSHENKO AND BERNOULLI BEAM FORMULATIONS
Authors: Dvořáková Edita , Patzák Bořek
Published: April 2021

Application of isogeometric analysis (IGA) for curved beams is very convenient for its ability of exact representation of curved geometries. Several beam formulation has been presented since the introduction of IGA. In this paper, two different beam formulations are presented: Bernoulli beam formulation of A. M. Bauer et al. [1], and Timoshenko beam element introduced by G. Zhang et al. [2]. Both beam elements are implemented and their performance is documented on the fully threedimensionalexample of helicoidal spring.
MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF BLAST FURNACE SLAG AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE RESULTING CEMENT PASTE
Authors: Horych Jan , Tesárek Pavel , Prošek Zdeněk
Published: April 2021

The usage of waste materials is a very important global topic. The large amount of waste everywhere in the world needs to be processed or disposed. Landfilling is not an option anymore, because of European legislation and restrictions. A lot of studies are trying to develop new options or possibilities of using waste materials. This research is trying to find a way to process blast furnace slag. A high-speed mill was used for the mechanical activation. Chemical activation was used as the next step of activation. There are many materials that could be used, but in this study we used slaked lime and water-glass. Slaked lime had a positive effect on mechanical properties. Samples had higher compressive strength but the effect was limited only for 5 wt. %. Another used material was water-glass, but in this case, there was a significant negative effect. Compressive strength and flexural strength were significantly reduced.
INFLUENCE OF EARTH COMPOSITION ON ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF METHYLENE BLUE DYE
Authors: Plaček Otcovská Tereza , Mužíková Barbora , Padevět Pavel
Published: April 2021

Final properties of unfired earth are influenced by composition of earth mixtures. Methylene blue test could be useful method for analysis of earth composition. This would facilitate of designing unfired earth building structures because composition of natural earth is various. Principle of methylene blue test is measure of amount of adsorbed methylene blue dye by clay. The essential component of earth mixtures is clay because clay fulfils a function of binder. Experimental measure of adsorption capacity of individual kind of clay is described in this paper. Adsorption capacity was investigated in montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite-kaolinite and illite clays. The obtained results show that the adsorption capacity of clays is significantly different.
COMPARING THE HOEK-BROWN AND MOHR-COULOMB FAILURE CRITERIA IN FEM ANALYSIS
Authors: Poklopová Tereza , Pavelcová Veronika , Šejnoha Michal
Published: April 2021

This paper revisits the issue of a potential substitutions of the Hoek-Brown failure model by the standard Mohr-Coulomb model in the stability analysis of rock masses. The derivation of equivalent shear strength parameters of the Mohr-Coulomb proposed by Hoek et al. [1] is addressed with emphases on the suitable range of stresses for which the equivalence of the two failure criteria applies. To that end, a simple numerical analysis of the oedometric test is carried out. It is seen that a correct choice of the upper limit of the minimum compressive principal stress is crucial for the Mohr-Coulomb model to provide predictions comparable to the Hoek-Brown model. This issue is addressed next in the light of the solution of slope stability problem. All the presented results were derived with the help of the GEO5 FEM finite element software [2].
APPLICATION OF THE MORI-TANAKA METHOD TO DESCRIBE THE RATE-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR OF UNIDIRECTIONAL FIBROUS COMPOSITES
Authors: Valentová Soňa , Šejnoha Michal , Vorel Jan , Sedláček Radek , Padevět Pavel
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the possibility of using the Mori-Tanaka micromechanical model describe the rate dependent behavior of the polymer matrix based fibrous composites. The generalized Leonov model is adopted to capture the time and rate dependent character of the selected matrix, while fibers are assumed elastic. The performance of the Mori-Tanaka method is tested against the finite element simulations carried out in the framework of first-order homogenization. For simplicity, the periodichexagonal array model is chosen to represent the microstructural arrangement of fibers in the yarn cross-section. To match the predictions provided by the two approaches a suitable modification to the original Mori-Tanaka method is proposed. An extensive parametric study is presented to illustrate a considerable improvement of the predictive capability of the modified Mori-Tanaka method.
MODELLING OF TIME-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOUR OF PARTICULATE THERMOSET POLYMERS
Authors: Vozáb Jan , Vorel Jan
Published: April 2021

A preliminary study of a numerical model describing the behaviour of polymer-based composites is presented. The numerical model consists of three main parts. The first is the microplane M4 model, which is the main part of the model and is used to simulate elastoplastic behaviour and damage. The second part consists of a generalized Maxwell model, which adds the effect of linear creep of the material to the calculation. The last part is a free volume model that extends the linear creep to the nonlinear creep. The creep is calculated on the deviatoric part of the normal stress of each microplane, which allows the model to capture the polymer behaviour adequately without adjusting the free volume of the model.
Sandbox regulatória e tecnologias disruptivas: incentivos à inovação e inclusão financeira por meio das Fintechs
Authors: Blanchet Luiz Alberto , Martinelli Tanganelli Gazotto Gustavo , Scherreier Ferneda Ariê
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo busca analisar o fenômeno das Fintechs e o seu potencial disruptivo enquanto ferramenta capaz de promover a inclusão financeira. Igualmente, investiga como a sandbox regulatória pode servir de instrumental para evitar uma desconexão regulatória e, assim, expor os consumidores aos riscos do mercado financeiro. O artigo foi desenvolvido por meio do método hipotético-dedutivo lastreado na revisão bibliográfica, com o objetivo de afirmar a sandbox enquanto alternativa regulatória que aproxima o agente regulador do regulado com o fim de tornar o processo mais eficiente, na medida em que permite a identificação das particularidades de cada modelo de negócio. Com efeito, a própria Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM) reconheceu a necessidade de uma estrutura mais dinâmica diante de produtos e serviços inovadores oferecidos no mercado financeiro e, assim, editou a recente Instrução n. 626 de 2020. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a sandbox regulatória pode ser interpretada como um instrumento de fomento à inovação e, especialmente, à inclusão financeira, contribuindo para a erradicação da pobreza brasileira.
Serviços públicos digitais de seguridade social na pandemia de covid-19: eficiência e inclusão
Authors: Gonçalves Oksandro Osdival , Luciani Danna Catharina Mascarello
Published: April 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar como a inclusão digital pode ser eficiente para permitir a fruição dos serviços públicos prestados pela Administração Pública Brasileira, em especial daqueles voltados à execução da Seguridade Social. Para tanto, partiu-se da hipótese de que a inclusão digital é necessária e capaz de permitir, de forma mais eficiente e, também, efetiva, que os serviços sejam usufruídos de modo mais acessível e facilitado por quem deles necessita. A partir do método hipotético-dedutivo, por meio da revisão bibliográfica da doutrina e de dados estatísticos, foram apresentadas algumas modalidades de proteção do cidadão dos riscos sociais promovidas, em especial, durante a pandemia do COVID-19. Depois, o estudo analisou a ideia de eficiência do serviço público a partir da ótica das novas tecnologias de informação. Por fim, foram levantados argumentos que demonstram a necessidade da promoção da inclusão digital para a plena participação da vida em sociedade, inclusive com a fruição dos serviços públicos prestados.
Justificación axiológica y económica del deber de reparación del Estado
Authors: Rojas Villamil Héctor David
Published: April 2021

Son diversas las teorías que se han formulado para justificar las reglas que componen el régimen de la responsabilidad extracontractual. Una cuestión que debe ser explorada es si los mismos fundamentos pueden aplicarse de forma unívoca y consistente tanto al ámbito civil como al estatal. En este escrito se presentan cuatro modelos de justificación, a saber, el contractualista, el del análisis económico, el de la justicia correctiva y el de la justicia distributiva con el objeto de destacar aquellas características que le son propias a la responsabilidad del Estado. Se sostiene en el argumento defendido, que siendo el Estado una persona jurídica que actúa por medio de sus agentes o servidores públicos en procura de la realización de unas finalidades públicas, al momento de justificar la imputación jurídica de reparar un daño, estos modelos deben ser reformulados o acompañados de matices que los hagan aplicables a la administración pública.
La función social de la Administración en el ordenamiento constitucional peruano
Authors: Cuba Meneses Erick Gregory
Published: April 2021

Este artículo pretende ser la expresión de un trabajo de investigación como fruto de una tesis. Una tesis que tuvo por objeto las relaciones que existen entre el Estado Social, y, por tanto, la función social de la Administración Pública y el régimen económico de la Constitución peruana de 1993, específicamente con el principio de subsidiariedad. La finalidad de ese estudio fue dar cuenta de si el principio de subsidiariedad, lejos de complementar y hacer más efectiva la función social de la Administración, la obstaculiza. Para ello se construye un marco teórico sobre la función social, que se sirve de una variada jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional, sobre todo relacionada al régimen económico. Asimismo, con el fin de contrastar la hipótesis de la que parte el artículo, se consulta y muestran las conclusiones de los resultados obtenidos por programas sociales que asisten adultos o adultas mayores. el artículo culmina con una serie de conclusiones y propuestas al Estado, con el fin de garantizar una mayor eficacia del bienestar social.
BİRLEŞME VE SATIN ALMALARDA FİNANSAL DURUM TESPİTİ (DUE DILIGENCE): GERÇEK VAKA İNCELEMESİ
Authors: ARSLAN Halil , ŞAHİN Eyyüp Ensari
Published: April 2021

Gelişmiş ekonomilerde firmalar için büyüme eşiklerinin artması, yerel para birimlerinin dünyada geçerli olması gibi faktörler birçok gelişmiş ülke şirketini gelişmekte olan ülkelerden şirket ve varlık satın alma metoduyla büyümeye teşvik etmiştir. Yurtdışından gelen sermaye ile birleşme ve satın alma işlemleri artarken bu süreçte en etkili aşama due diligence çalışmalarıdır. Finansal, teknik, hukuki-vergisel, bilişim ve insan kaynakları üzerinde yapılan birçok due diligence çalışması bulunurken tüm birleşme ve satın alma süreçlerinde ortak olan ise finansal due diligence çalışmasıdır. Bu çalışmada finansal due diligence aşamaları ve takvimi detaylı bir şekilde incelenirken gerçek vakalar üzerinden finansal due diligence örneklerine yer verilmiş ve literatüre bu anlamda önemli bir katkıda bulunulmuştur. Finansal due diligence çalışmalarının sonucunda elde edilen maddeler sıralanmış ve hisse devir anlaşmasının finansal risk kısmı özetlenmiştir. Çalışma akademik literatüre katkı sağladığı gibi due diligence çalışması yapacak piyasa analistleri için de önemli bir referans noktasıdır.
Promoting student engagement and preparation in flipped learning’s pre-class activities – A systematic review
Authors: Mei Jessica Yang Shan
Published: April 2021

Flipped learning is an instructional model with core features of pre-class learning followed by in- class practice of knowledge through active and collaborative learning. However, non-compliance with pre-class activities is a commonly cited challenge in flipped learning, where a lack of student engagement leads to insufficient pre-class preparation, diminishing flipped learning’s intended benefits significantly as the students will then not participate well in the in-class activities. It lends consideration to the potential obstacles and solutions in increasing students’ engagement in pre-class learning, paving the way to pre-class learning compliance to achieve the full potential of flipped learning in improving students’ learning outcomes. This study uses systematic literature review with qualitative content analysis to identify three main areas, namely technological, pedagogical, and student perceptions, to instil optimal conditions to promote pre-class engagement and preparation.
Process not product: negotiating innovative interdisciplinary honours outcomes
Authors: Ellmers Grant , Moore Chris
Published: April 2021

This paper describes an interdisciplinary approach to a creative arts honours collaboration that set aside a conventional approach to facilitate an experimental methodology to support greater creative innovation and knowledge acquisition. This paper examines an honours study which explored analogue and digital hybridity in board game design. The methodology employed a practice-led research approach with the Double Diamond design process model used to structure the study. A structured and critical reflective practice model was used to identify and analyse the thinking present within the creative project. A core innovation of this approach was the shift from a focus on a finalised project consisting of a separate creative work and critical thesis, to a study where the critical and creative work were still separate, but included a greater focus on process and prototyping as a means to engage with design principles, rather than a finalised product or artefact. Lessons from the collaboration are identified to inform interdisciplinary honours in the future.
Predictors of students’ perceived learning in off-campus learning environment: Online interactions are not enough
Authors: Kwok David
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to investigate how three online interaction variables (i.e., learner-instructor interaction, learner-content interaction, and learner-learner interaction) and self-efficacy for learning can predict students’ perceived learning in an off-campus learning environment. A total of 654 polytechnic students participated in the study. By controlling gender and age, regression results showed that self-efficacy for learning was the significantly strongest predictor of perceived learning, followed by learner-content interaction. Perceived learning and learner-instructor interaction for males were significantly higher than females. Finally, implications of these findings along with limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed in the paper.
An Interactive Virtual Reality Physics Instructional Environment based on Vygotskian Educational Theory
Authors: Cowling Michael , Vanderburg Robert
Published: April 2021

Physics Education is a popular application for Virtual Reality (VR), with many simulations being available for students to manipulate objects in virtual space. However, most of these applications take a Piagetian approach to learning, instructing first in a traditional way and then exposing students to VR in a sandbox environment without the instructor present. This paper proposes a design for a VR physics simulation that takes a Vygotskian approach using Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and scaffolding to teaching physics, allowing the students and instructor to collaborate in virtual space. Using gravity and circular motion as a case study, this paper discusses a design to facilitate this learning comprising a virtual universe with control of planet placement and size, external satellite placement and size, as well as gravitational forces acting on these objects, along with a design-based research (DBR) research design to evaluate both usability and learning for the intervention.
Writing analytics across essay tasks with different cognitive load demands
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Araujo , Conijn Rianne , De Barba Paula , Trezise Kelly , van Zaanen Menno , Kennedy Gregor
Published: April 2021

Essay tasks are a widely used form of assessment in higher education. Writing analytics can assist with challenges related to using essay tasks at scale and to identifying different issues in academic integrity. In this paper, we combined two techniques to investigate how students’ writing analytics varied across essay tasks with different cognitive load, considering both their typing behavior (i.e., writing process) and writing style (i.e., writing product). We also examined their relationship across these essay tasks. Findings showed that writing processes change across tasks with different cognitive load: when cognitive load increases, the interword intervals (indicator of planning and/or reviewing processes) increased, the burst length (indicator of translation processes) decreased, and the number of revisions per minute (indicator of reviewing processes) decreased. In contrast to the relation between the writing process and cognitive load, the relation between the writing product and cognitive load was found less clear. The results showed small and mixed effects of the tasks differing in cognitive load on the different writing product metrics. Hence, although the writing product follows from the writing process, the relation between cognitive load and the writing product and process appears to be less straightforward.
Reimagining Information Literacy teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: Research and evidence-based practice skills training redesigned for online delivery
Authors: Jones Fiona , Baker Abigail , A’Court Raymond , Hardy Jo
Published: April 2021

Information literacy teaching and learning for Master of Chiropractic students undertaking systematic reviews was re-envisioned from hybrid to fully online mode due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Collaboration with the academic unit convener informed design and development of appropriate online learning activities and assessment for student achievement of required learning outcomes. Using flipped classroom methodology, a pre-recorded lecture demonstrated research question formulation and advanced database search strategies. Tutorial activities were redesigned for Zoom delivery using breakout rooms to replicate the collaborative aspect of face-to-face tutorials. Learning was supported by a refreshed online research guide, research consultations, and emails. Consultations were delivered via Zoom upon request for more specific advice including question formulation, search terms, choosing appropriate research databases, and advanced database search techniques. Feedback and assessments were positive and review will inform future offerings.
Community building as an educational task
Authors: Segiet Waldemar
Published: April 2021

Along with the description of contemporary societies, including the indication of clear tendencies towards „individualisation” of lifespan, focusing on subjects that observe themselves with reflection, an issue appears regarding the creation of a community, including the educational one. A peculiar outline of the reflexive modernity is recognised on the basis the ways how individuals achieve social integration. Despite the differentiating forms of social and cultural life, the foundation of the accomplishment of self and the society,is still „community”, which constitutes an encouragement to enter the issue of social (dis)integration, an inspiration allowing to bestow a defined sense on democracy, and socialization processes. Therefore, the need to consider the issues of communities arises, including their confirmation in education. To present a path for social integration, with the full awareness that in modern societies the „common good” ideal is being lost, one should be accompanied by indications regarding education itself. One may reduce them to how the community constituted due to and within education, ensured the integration of all entities concerned, and helped accomplish democracy.
Edukacja a kompetencje cyfrowe seniora
Authors: Orłowska Małgorzata , Błeszyńska Krystyna M.
Published: April 2021

The next decade was announced by WHO as the Decade of Healthy Aging. This is the answer to the social issue of highly developed countries, which is the aging of the society. In this context, there is the problem of active participation of seniors in social life, and especially the prevention of their social marginalization. Hence, projects that counteract exclusion and support active aging processes largely refer to modern technologies. Searching for answers to these questions and dilemmas, this text adopts an interdisciplinary approach, situating undertaken analyzes in the context of theories of aging, motivation as well as learning and using new technologies. The conclusions of the research undertaken – theoretical and empirical studies – undermine the hypothesis of digital exclusion of seniors perceived as the age group category. In the light of this research, it seems that education is the factor that influences the development of digital divide and digital inequalities within the community.
Biografia człowieka – arena demokratycznych negocjacji
Authors: Teusz Grażyna
Published: April 2021

The subject-matter of this paper is an attempt to outline the type of relationship that exists between democracy and the autonomous and responsible individual as a necessary pre-condition for a real and genuine community. The author’s reflections are focused around the idea that onlya  conscious, inner-directed and mature individual can guarantee a solid foundation for the rules and practice of democracy and that human biography is the actual arena of democratic negotiations constantly being undertaken.
Human biography – the arena of democratic negotiations
Authors: Teusz Grażyna
Published: April 2021

The subject-matter of this paper is an attempt to outline the type of relationship that exists between democracy and the autonomous and responsible individual as a necessary pre-con dition for a real and genuine community. The author’s reflections are focused around the idea that onlya  conscious, inner-directed and mature individual can guarantee a solid foundation for the rules and practice of democracy and that human biography is the actual arena of democratic negotiations constantly being undertaken.
Perspektywy, możliwości i ograniczenia badań łączących psychologię i historię nad edukacją i wychowaniem dzieci i młodzieży u progu nowoczesności
Authors: Bołdyrew Aneta , Pająk Paulina
Published: April 2021

The past three decades have seen a heightened interest in integrating psychology and history in educational research. The aim of this article is to present interdisciplinary approaches combining psychological and historical perspectives in research on education and upbringing of children and youth on the eve of modernity. Using the examples of research projects that blend historical methods with Lifespan Developmental Psychology and Social Psychology, the authors analyse their possibilities and limitations. This article brings a new perspective to the studies on childhood and adolescence, with a special focus on people living in the Polish lands at the turn of the twentieth century.
Temperature and humidity effects on CG-6 gravity observations
Authors: Weerasinghe P. I. A. , Prasanna H. M. I.
Published: April 2021

The CG6 is an automated gravity meter that has a worldwide measurement range of over 8000 mGals and a reading resolution of 0.0001 mGal. Some factors that may influence the gravity readings are corrected by the instrument’s software. In this paper, the effects of the ambient temperature and humidity changes on the CG-6’s gravity measurements were investigated with the aim of reducing the uncertainty which remains in gravity measurements in microgal level, and giving recommendations for more accurate results. A controlled heating experiment was used to determine the impact of ambient temperature on gravity and 12 hours of continuous gravity observations were used to identify the impact of humidity on gravity measurements. It was observed that the sensor temperature and the gravity reading were highly correlated with the ambient temperature. The linear correlation with R2 > 0.94 and R2 > 0.90 were found for the corrected gravity reading and the residual sensor temperature variations respectively with the ambient temperature when heating. It was demonstrated that the calculated ambient temperature correction, −0.0011 mGal/oC, is more stable than the correction given by the instrument in terms of standard deviation though the impact of humidity on gravity reading was not clear.
Carbomer microgels as model yield-stress fluids
Authors: Jaworski Zdzisław , Spychaj Tadeusz , Story Anna , Story Grzegorz
Published: April 2021

The review presents current research results for Carbopol-based microgels as yield-stress materials, covering three aspects: chemical, physical and rheological. Such a joint three-aspect study has no analog in the literature. The chemical aspects of Carbopol polymers are presented in terms of a cross-linking polymerization of acrylic acid, their molecular structure, microgel formulation, polyacid dissociation and neutralization, osmotic pressure and associated immense microgel swelling. The physical characterization is focused on models of the shear-induced solid-to-liquid transition of microgels, which are formed of mesoscopic particles typical for soft matter materials. Models that describe interparticle effects are presented to explain the energy states of microgel particles at the mesoscale of scrutiny. Typical representatives of the models utilize attributes of jamming dispersions, micromechanical and polyelectrolyte reactions. Selected relationships that result from the models, such as scaling rules and nondimensional flow characteristics are also presented. The rheological part presents the discussion of problems of yield stress in 2D and 3D deformations, appearance and magnitude of the wall slip. The theory and characteristics of Carbopol microgel deformation in rotational rheometers are presented with graphs for the steady-state measurements, stress-controlled oscillation and two types of transient shear deformation. The review is concluded with suggestions for future research.
Model-independent light field reconstruction using a generic camera calibration
Authors: Uhlig David , Heizmann Michael
Published: April 2021

Sophisticated and highly specialized optical measuring devices are becoming increasingly important for high-precision manufacturing and environment perception. In particular, light field cameras are experiencing an ever-increasing interest in research and industry as they enable a variety of new measurement methods. Unfortunately, due to their complex structure, their calibration is very difficult and usually precisely tailored to the particular type of light field camera. To overcome these difficulties, we present a method that decodes a light field from the raw data of any light field imaging system without knowing and modeling the internal optical elements. We calibrate the camera using a precise generic calibration method and transform the obtained ray set into an equivalent light field representation. Finally, we reconstruct a rectified light field from the irregularly sampled data and in addition we derive the geometric ray properties as intrinsic camera parameters. Experimental results validate the method by showing that both the information of the observed scene and the geometric structure of the light field are preserved by an adequate rectification and calibration.
Bankenwettbewerb und die Stabilität von Finanzsektoren
Authors: Richter Toni
Published: April 2021

Since the financial crisis of 2008 and intensified during the corona crisis, the interdependence between the stability of the financial systems and the prevailing degree of competition (DC) has been the subject of scientific and economic policy discourse on fragmented markets and „too-big-to-fail“ banks. In theory and empiricism, two fundamentally contrary causal concepts are opposed, the elementary basis of which is the precise measurement of the DC: Competition-stability- versus Fragility-Hypothesis. Based on the recent state of research, it can be shown that alternative DC-Measurements consistently show significantly different competitive conditions and in consequence the evidence for or against a stability-enhancing competitive effect seems to be predetermined by the chosen DC-Measurement.
Die Corona-Krise ist ein Brennglas bestehender Probleme
Authors: Holznagel Reiner
Published: April 2021

The Corona crisis marks a significant turning point in the Federal Republic’s national budget. All levels of the overall budget are deep in the red: federal, state, local and social security. This stress on public budgets and social security systems will not suddenly disappear after the pandemic – rather, policy makers face long-term challenges. Public finances must be consolidated!

Five theses outline the issue – before, during and after the Corona crisis:

The federal budget was structurally out of order even before the Corona crisis.

The Corona crisis is only a magnifying glass for budget policy problems.

The debt brake is indispensable, both when the economy is strong and weak.

We need a mix of tax limits, austerity policies and investments.

Tax increases and more bureaucracy are hampering economic growth!
Zukunftsmodell „Hybride Hauptversammlung“
Authors: Teichmann Christoph , Wicke Hartmut
Published: April 2021

Abstrakt

Die Corona-Pandemie hat dem Aktienrecht einen unerwarteten Modernisierungsschub verliehen. Der Gesetzgeber schuf in Windeseile eine zeitlich begrenzte rechtliche Grundlage für die rein virtuelle Hauptversammlung. Die Gesellschaften haben diese neue rechtliche und technische Herausforderung gut gemeistert. Das legt die Frage nahe, ob der Gesetzgeber nicht auch für die Zukunft eine rein virtuelle Hauptversammlung in rechtlich abgesicherter Form ermöglichen sollte. Dabei müssen die Rechte der Aktionäre umfassend gewahrt bleiben. Zugleich sollten die Defizite der Hauptversammlungskultur behoben werden, die heute nur noch in Grenzen als Forum der freien Diskussion zwischen Aktionären und Unternehmensleitung angesehen werden kann. Das Beste aus zwei Welten liegt nach der hier entfalteten Konzeption in einer hybriden Versammlung, die eine Präsenzversammlung mit qualifizierten Teilnahmevoraussetzungen und eine elektronische Teilnahme aller übrigen Aktionäre ermöglicht.
Dividenden und Aktienrückkäufe: Rechtsökonomischer Hintergrund und Handlungsspielräume des Vorstands in der Krise
Authors: Wucherer Wilhelm , Zickgraf Peter
Published: April 2021

Abstrakt

Sowohl die Zahlung von Dividenden als auch die Durchführung von Aktienrückkäufen ist regelmäßig mit einem erheblichen Abfluss von Liquidität auf Seiten der Gesellschaft verbunden. In Krisenzeiten rücken vor diesem Hintergrund die insoweit bestehenden Vorstandspflichten besonders in den Fokus. Der Beitrag unternimmt es daher, die Handlungsspielräume des Vorstands in der Krise mit Blick auf diese beiden funktional vergleichbaren Alternativen des Zahlungsmitteltransfers von der Gesellschaft an ihre Aktionäre zu beleuchten. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Pflichtenlage der Vorstandsmitglieder in Bezug auf beide Instrumente im Wesentlichen identisch ist. Diese in der bisherigen Diskussion weitgehend unberücksichtigt gebliebene Erkenntnis setzt sich im Kontext der gesetzlichen Neuerungen durch das Unternehmensstabilisierungs- und -restrukturierungsgesetz (StaRUG) fort, welches auch im Hinblick auf Dividenden und Aktienrückkäufe zu einer erheblichen Änderung der Pflichtenlage in Krisensituationen führt.
Development of C/SiC Fasteners for High-Temperature Applications
Authors: Kumar Shobhit , Painuly Anil , Kamal Anurag , Kuttappan Sajimon , Kumar Ravi Ranjan , Prabhakaran Shyin Palani , Devasia Renjith
Published: April 2021

Continuous carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) ceramic matrix composites are the candidate materials for high-temperature structural applications owing to their high specific strength, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and moderate thermal conductivity. C/SiC based fasteners provide reliability with oxidation resistance up to 1,650°C for joining such C/SiC structural components used in reusable launch vehicles for space applications. The present study describes the methodology to realize C/SiC based M8 fasteners by isothermal-isobaric chemical vapor infiltration process using 2D-stitched carbon fabric preforms. The realized fasteners exhibited a density of 2.10 g/cm3, a tensile strength of 191 ± 3 MPa, a shear strength of 230 ± 69 MPa in non-threaded and 150 ± 86 MPa in threaded regions of shank at room temperature, a high-temperature tensile strength of 170 ± 12 MPa, and a tensile modulus of 70 ± 8 GPa at 1,100°C in the atmospheric conditions. The tensile failure of the C/SiC bolts was observed to depend upon the relative dimensions of fillet radius and thread root radius, wherein a small fillet radius was observed to be detrimental, as it resulted in failure at the head-shank interface of the bolts. The scanning electron microscope images of tensile tested C/SiC bolts indicate extensive fiber pullout, characteristic of quasi-ductile failure of bolts. It is clearly evident from the studies that the C/SiC fasteners are a promising alternative over the currently used molybdenum alloy fasteners.
Mo-Silicide Alloys for High-Temperature Structural Applications
Authors: Perepezko J. H. , Krüger M. , Heilmaier M.
Published: April 2021

The challenges of a high-temperature environment (T > 1,400°C) impose severe material performance constraints in terms of melting point, oxidation resistance, and structural functionality. A number of ceramic materials, intermetallic compounds, and refractory metals with high melting temperatures are available as material choices. However, in a single-component single-phase form, these materials do not satisfy all the aforementioned requirements. One clear message from the evolutionary development of high-temperature alloys is the importance of developing multicomponent alloys with multiphase microstructures and the capability to control phase fractions and morphologies to satisfy a number of mechanical property requirements. Besides the essential structural requirements, elevated temperatures often also involve aggressive environments that require a material to display an inherent oxidation protection that can be further enhanced by coating. Among the leading candidates to advance beyond the capability of the current nickel (Ni)-base superalloys, the multiphase microstructures that can be developed in the molybdenum-silicon-boron (Mo-Si-B) system involving a high melting temperature (>2,100°C) ternary-based intermetallic Mo5SiB2 (T2) offer an attractive performance. Most of the attention has been on three-phase alloys comprised of Mo(ss), T2, and Mo3Si that offer high-temperature stability and robust microstructures, but new alloy designs are in development. In this review the recent advances in the development of Mo-silicide alloys are discussed in terms of alloy design, microstructure control, structural performance, environmental resistance, and component analysis.
CORRENTES GEOMAGNETICAMENTE INDUZIDAS: EFEITOS DE GIC NOS TRANSFORMADORES DE POTÊNICA DE 500kV DA LINHA DE TRANSMISSÃO DE ITUMBIARA SÃO-SIMÃO
Authors: Silva Antônio José Dias da , Azevedo Junior Geraldo Motta , Debossam Monica Affonso , Vicente Júnior Rogério Da Silva
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho expõe os conceitos sobre Correntes Geomagneticamente Induzidas (GIC), como elas são introduzidas em linhas de transmissão, explicando as influências em um transformador e apresenta, ainda, uma pesquisa realizada por FURNAS em parceria com o Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) sobre os efeitos causados por GIC em transformadores de potência de 500kV na Linha de Transmissão de Itumbiara São-Simão. Para a medição dessas correntes foram utilizados magnetômetros abaixo da linha de transmissão e outros espalhados para comparar as variações magnéticas nesta região. Os resultados mostraram que para as GIC utilizadas, os harmônicos gerados não comprometeram o funcionamento do sistema.
Validation of a Set of Stimuli to Investigate the Effect of Attributional Processes on Social Motivation in Within-Subject Experiments
Authors: Fucci Enrico , Baquedano Constanza , Abdoun Oussama , Deroche Jessy , Lutz Antoine
Published: April 2021

Attribution of responsibility for the causes of suffering is one of the main factors that influence responses to individuals in distress. While the role of attributional processes on prosocial motivation has been widely investigated in social psychology, only few attempts have been made to characterize their behavioural and neurophysiological underpinnings. This is partly due to the lack of stimuli that can facilitate within-subject experimental designs. To overcome this problem, we created a set of stimuli consisting of videos depicting people in different situations of distress. Each video is paired with short stories that aim to manipulate the perceived degree of responsibility of the main character.

To validate the stimuli, we investigated the effect of different context-video pairs on self-report measures of participants’ subjective experience. We found that different contexts preceding the same video can influence blame and responsibility judgments, affective responses and willingness to help.

In a complementary analysis, we replicated previous findings on the influence of empathy and responsibility on willingness to help, showing how the latter is mediated by moral judgments.

Finally, we observed a general increase in responses times when videos were paired with responsible contexts. We provide interpretations of this finding that can relate attribution accounts to prominent theories in moral psychology.

Overall, this study highlights the possibility of expanding existing theories on prosocial motivation by implementing a set of stimuli that includes multiple scenarios and allows for the collection of third person measures in within-subject designs.
Padang Restaurant Names in Surabaya: A Linguistic Anthropology
Authors: Wulansari Dwi Windah
Published: April 2021

This study examines the naming of Padang restaurants in Surabaya. The results show that there are two strategies that business owners use in naming their Padang home businesses, namely by using convergence and divergence strategies. The choice of name related to the convergence strategy is the name of the owner; prayer and hope; place name; natural conditions; words that are allocated with food; words that reflect nationalism. Whereas the selection of names using the divergence strategy relates to the names of relatives, names of kings and respected people; place name; names related to togetherness and circumstances; and the name that is allocated with the taste of food. Semantically, the word used in naming Padang restaurants refers to a concept that describes the norms, values and outlook on life of the Minangkabau people.
The Contrapuntal Reading of Colonial Logic and the Play of Caricature in “Houseboy + Maid” by Pramoedya Ananta Toer
Authors: Widiawati Harfiyah , Harahap Aris Masruri , Sihombing Lambok Hermanto
Published: April 2021

Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s works are highly distinguished for their strong realist characteristic and profound analysis of interactions among pre- and post- colonial human beings and their place in society. One of the works that portray such characteristics is “Houseboy + Maid”, the first story in Toer’s collection Tales from Djakarta: Caricatures of Circumstances and Their Human Beings. In this research, post-colonialism and contrapuntal reading proposed by Edward Said are used as methods to interpret a literary work whose narration is about two characters who live in post-colonial Indonesia, or rather post-revolutionary Indonesia. Their unfixed identities which are interrelated through the changing event of the plot indicates that their very destiny cannot be separated from the “politicality, sociality, and historicality” of much bigger entities.
Puritan’s Hegemony in the Nathaniel Hawthorn’s The Scarlet Letter
Authors: Zakaria Zakaria , Duli Akin , Rahman Fathu
Published: April 2021

Misperception and inhuman behave presented by Puritan in conducting state administration, consequently character of Hester Prynne in the novel of Nathaniel Hawthorn’s The Scarlet Letter under the implementation of religious values, law assembling, and political system. The implementation of Puritan’s inhuman religious, law and political values to Prynne’s personal character is something criminal behave, and assembling of the law in the case of sin of Prynne’s adultery presented by Custom House was irresponsible decision or immoral severance in front of court. Puritan’s values over the social living is regulated not only for social norms, culture, and law affairs, but even political matters, means that everything must be obeyed and be bent over the God’s rule, and so to whom (married woman) has committed adultery, must be committed as a sinner and impose a sentence in front of general public. It is a library research and used descriptive qualitative analysis. In challenging and lift it up the universal value in against suppressive, hegemonic in the case Prynn the writer used two approachings as solution to solve the problem and they are feminism perspective and deconstruction model as a solution over the Prynne’s problem.
Implementation of Task-based Learning in Teaching English in Indonesia: Benefits and Problems
Authors: Sholeh Muhammad Badrus
Published: April 2021

A variety of approaches exist in foreign language teaching and learning; Task-based Learning (TBL) is one of them. It is an innovative approach that is developed from the Communicative Approach. The concepts of TBL have proven successful in classrooms. In this study, the writer conducted a literature review of task-based learning in teaching English dealing with the benefits and problems in implementing this approach in Indonesia. This paper seeks to review Task-based Learning (TBL), covering the definition of ‘task’ and Task-based Learning (TBL), the characteristics and stages of TBL, the teacher and students’ roles in Task-based Learning, and also the advantages and disadvantages of Task-based Learning. It also addresses the application, the benefits and problems of Task-based Learning in the sense of Indonesian EFL context. This will help educators and language teachers in Indonesia to attach more importance to the contextual differences when applying Task-based Learning in Indonesia.