bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Morphological Transformations of Soft Nanotubes
Authors: Kameta Naohiro , Masuda Mitsutoshi , Shimizu Toshimi
Published: May 2015

In water, synthetic amphiphiles composed of a photoresponsive azobenzene moiety and an oligoglycine hydrogen‐bonding moiety selectively self‐assembled into nanotubes with solid bilayer membranes. The nanotubes underwent morphological transformations induced by photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety within the membranes, and the nature of the transformation depended on the number of glycine residues in the oligoglycine moiety (i.e., on the strength of intermolecular hydrogen bonding). Upon UV‐light irradiation of nanotubes prepared from amphiphiles with the diglycine residue, trans‐to‐cis isomerization induced a transformation from nanotubes (inner diameter (i.d.) 7 nm), several hundreds of nanometers to several tens of micrometers in length, to imperfect nanorings (i.d. 21–38 nm). The cis‐to‐trans isomerization induced by continuous visible‐light irradiation resulted in the stacking of the imperfect nanorings to form nanotubes with an i.d. of 25 nm and an average length of 310 nm, which were never formed by a self‐assembly process. Time‐lapse fluorescence microscopy enabled us to visualize the transformation of nanotubes with an i.d. of 20 nm (self‐assembled from amphiphiles with the monoglycine residue) to cylindrical nanofibers with an i.d. of 1 nm; shrinkage of the hollow cylinders started at the two open ends with simultaneous elongation in the direction of the long axis.
A Cytostatic Ruthenium(II)–Platinum(II) Bis(terpyridyl) Anticancer Complex That Blocks Entry into S Phase by Up‐regulating p27KIP1
Authors: Ramu Vadde , Gill Martin R. , Jarman Paul J. , Turton David , Thomas Jim A. , Das Amitava , Smythe Carl
Published: May 2015

Cytostatic agents that interfere with specific cellular components to prevent cancer cell growth offer an attractive alternative, or complement, to traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new binuclear RuII–PtII complex [Ru(tpy)(tpypma)Pt(Cl)(DMSO)]3+ (tpy=2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine and tpypma=4‐([2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine]‐4′‐yl)‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)aniline), VR54, which employs the extended terpyridine tpypma ligand to link the two metal centres. In cell‐free conditions, VR54 binds DNA by non‐intercalative reversible mechanisms (Kb=1.3×105 M−1) and does not irreversibly bind guanosine. Cellular studies reveal that VR54 suppresses proliferation of A2780 ovarian cancer cells with no cross‐resistance in the A2780CIS cisplatin‐resistant cell line. Through the preparation of mononuclear RuII and PtII structural derivatives it was determined that both metal centres are required for this anti‐proliferative activity. In stark contrast to cisplatin, VR54 neither activates the DNA‐damage response network nor induces significant levels of cell death. Instead, VR54 is cytostatic and inhibits cell proliferation by up‐regulating the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27KIP1 and inhibiting retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, which blocks entry into S phase and results in G1 cell cycle arrest. Thus, VR54 inhibits cancer cell growth by a gain of function at the G1 restriction point. This is the first metal‐coordination compound to demonstrate such activity.
Polyfunctional Lewis Acids: Intriguing Solid‐State Structure and Selective Detection and Discrimination of Nitroaromatic Explosives
Authors: Swamy P Chinna Ayya , Thilagar Pakkirisamy
Published: May 2015

Synthesis and crystal structures of three porphyrin‐based polyfunctional Lewis acids 1–3 are reported. Intermolecular HgCl⋅⋅⋅HgCl (linear and μ‐type) interactions in the solid state of the peripherally ArHgCl‐decorated compound 3 lead to a fascinating 3D supramolecular architecture. Compound 3 shows a selective fluorescence quenching response to picric acid and discriminates other nitroaromatic‐based explosives. For the first time, an electron‐deficient polyfunctional Lewis acid is shown to be useful for the selective detection and discrimination of nitroaromatic explosives. The Stern–Volmer quenching constant and detection limits of compound 3 for picric acid are the best among the reported small‐molecular receptors for nitroaromatic explosives. The electronic structure, Lewis acidity, and selective sensing characteristics of 3 are well corroborated by DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Strongest Second Harmonic Generation in the Polar R3MTQ7 Family: Atomic Distribution Induced Nonlinear Optical Cooperation.
Authors: Shi Yong‐Fang , Chen Yu‐kun , Chen Mei‐Chun , Wu Li‐Ming , Lin Hua , Zhou Liu‐Jiang , Chen Ling
Published: May 2015

Yellow single crystals of the Ln3MTQ7 NLO material family, La3Ga0.5 (Ge0.5/Ga0.5)S7 (I), La3In0.5 (Ge0.5/In0.5)S7 (II), Sm3Ga0.5 (Ge0.5/Ga0.5)S7 (III), La3In0.33GeS7 (IV), Sm3In0.33GeS7(V), and Gd3In0.33GeS7 (VI) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of rare earths, Ge, In (Ga), and S (950‐980 °C, 100‐120 h; controlled cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Single Crystal CoAs2O4 and NiAs2O4 Compounds and Their Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Dordevic Tamara , Wittwer Astrid , Jaglicic Zvonko , Djerdj Igor
Published: May 2015

Single crystals of CoAs2O4 (I) are grown under hydrothermal conditions using an aqueous 1:1:1 molar mixture of KCl, Co(OH)2, and As2O3 at pH 6 (autoclave, 200 °C, 199 h; cooling to 25 °C within 98 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Homogeneity Range of the Zirconium Phosphide Telluride Zr2+xPTe2 and the High‐Temperature Phase Transformation to Zr2PTe.
Authors: Scholz Tanja , Schmidt Peer
Published: May 2015

Zr2+xPTe2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) is synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (evacuated silica ampules, 650 °C, 48 h) and characterized by powder XRD and thermogravimetric measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Relationship Between the Mg‐Containing Nitridosilicates Ca2Mg[Li4Si2N6] and Li2Ca2[Mg2Si2N6].
Authors: Schmiechen Sebastian , Nietschke Frederik , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: May 2015

Single crystals of the new compounds (VI) and (VII) are synthesized by solid state metathesis reactions using Li as a fluxing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Further Insight into Uranium and Thorium Metaphosphate Chemistry and the Effect of Nd3+ Incorporation into Uranium(IV) Metaphosphate.
Authors: Yu Na , Klepov Vladislav V. , Neumeier Stefan , Depmeier Wulf , Bosbach Dirk , Suleimanov Evgeny V. , Alekseev Evgeny V.
Published: May 2015

Compounds (IV), (V), (VIII), and (X) are characterized by single crystal XRD and Raman spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Flux Synthesis, Modulated Crystal Structures, and Physical Properties of REMn0.5SeO (RE: La, Ce).
Authors: Peschke Simon , Nitsche Fabian , Johrendt Dirk
Published: May 2015

Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared by reaction of Ln2O3 (Ln: La, Ce), Ln, Mn, and Se in a eutectic NaI/KI flux (carbon crucible, 800 °C, 4 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Benzoindolizidine Derivatives Using Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalytic Intramolecular Domino Aza‐Michael Addition/Alkylation.
Authors: Guo Jiajia , Yu Shouyun
Published: May 2015

The title transformation is enabled by cinchona alkaloid‐derived quaternary ammonium salts as the phase‐transfer catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Steric Effects in the Development of a Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkyne Carbohalogenation: Stereodivergent Synthesis of Vinyl Halides.
Authors: Le Christine M. , Menzies Perry J. C. , Petrone David A. , Lautens Mark
Published: May 2015

Intramolecular Pd‐catalyzed alkyne carbohalogenation can be achieved by exploiting the synergistic steric effects between substrate and catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐ and Stereo‐Selectivity in Oxidation of Fluorinated Cyclic Sulfides by m‐Chloroperoxybenzoic Acid.
Authors: Petrov Viacheslav A. , Marshall Will
Published: May 2015

Cyclic sulfoxides are obtained by controlled oxidation of various hexafluorothioacetone cycloadducts with MCPBA at low temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones, Nitriles, and Esters Catalyzed by a Half‐Sandwich Complex of Ruthenium.
Authors: Lee Sun‐Hwa , Nikonov Georgii I.
Published: May 2015

Transfer hydrogenation under mild conditions allows for the reduction of ketones to alcohols, aldimines to amines as well as aryl nitriles to benzyl imines which are further hydrolysed to the corresponding benzyl amines.
ChemInform Abstract: The Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular C—H Chalcogenation of Arenes.
Authors: Qiu Renhua , Reddy Vutukuri Prakash , Iwasaki Takanori , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: May 2015

The direct, Pd‐catalyzed chalcogenation of N‐containing heteroaromates with Ph2S2 and Ph2Se2, respectively, is achieved using pyrimidine as a readily removable directing group.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Preparation of Non‐terminal Alkynes: Application to the Total Syntheses of Tulearin A and C.
Authors: Lehr Konrad , Schulthoff Saskia , Ueda Yoshihiro , Mariz Ronaldo , Leseurre Lucie , Gabor Barbara , Fuerstner Alois
Published: May 2015

Lactones are converted to methyl alkynes and dimethyl allenes in a two‐step procedure utilizing a CCl4/PPh3—MeLi—system.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Carbamoyl Anion Additions to Chiral N‐Phosphonyl Imines via the GAP Chemistry Process and Stereoselectivity Enrichments.
Authors: Seifert Cole W. , Pindi Suresh , Li Guigen
Published: May 2015

Carbamoyl anion addition to chiral N‐phosphonyl imines provides direct access to glycine amide derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective and Scalable Synthesis of Trifluoromethanesulfenamides and Fluorinated Unsymmetrical Disulfides Using a Shelf‐Stable Electrophilic SCF3 Reagent.
Authors: Pluta Roman , Rueping Magnus
Published: May 2015

Chemoselective trifluoromethylthiolation of various nitrogen nucleophiles and thiols is achieved using N‐(trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide (II) under mild and metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis and Broensted Acid Cocatalyzed Reductive Deoxyallenylation of Propargylic Alcohols with 2‐Nitrobenzenesulfonylhydrazide.
Authors: Liu Zhaohong , Liao Peiqiu , Bi Xihe
Published: May 2015

A novel methodology for the reductive deoxyallenylation of sterically hindered propargylic alcohols such as (I), (III), and (V) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Synthesis of ortho‐CHO Diaryl Ethers by a Three‐Component Sequential Coupling.
Authors: Liu Fangliang , Yang Huameng , Hu Xinquan , Jiang Gaoxi
Published: May 2015

The coupling between ortho‐trimethylsilyl aryl triflates, N,N‐dimethylformamide and diaryliodonium salts tolerates various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives and Peptides via Enantioselective Addition of Masked Acyl Cyanides to Imines.
Authors: Yang Kin S. , Rawal Viresh H.
Published: May 2015

The method is applicable to various aryl and alkyl imines, providing the corresponding masked acyl cyanides in excellent yields and with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Cyclopropyl Nitriles.
Authors: McCabe Dunn Jamie M. , Kuethe Jeffrey T. , Orr Robert K. , Tudge Matthew , Campeau Louis‐Charles
Published: May 2015

Cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, and cyclopentylcyanide including substituted cyclopropylcyanide are submitted to cross‐coupling reactions with a variety of aryl and hetaryl bromides as well as 1,4‐dibromobenzene.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Oxidation of Primary Amines to Nitriles Using an Oxoammonium Salt.
Authors: Lambert Kyle M. , Bobbitt James M. , Eldirany Sherif A. , Wiberg Kenneth B. , Bailey William F.
Published: May 2015

The reaction mechanism is investigated by computational calculations and involves a hydride transfer.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Transformation of Terminal Alkynes to Branched Allylic Sulfones.
Authors: Xu Kun , Khakyzadeh Vahid , Bury Timm , Breit Bernhard
Published: May 2015

The scalable transformation is based on a benzoic acid/rhodium‐catalyst system which affords branched allylic sulfones with good to excellent yields and selectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Thiocyanation of Arylboronic Acids with TMSNCS.
Authors: Sun Nan , Che Liusheng , Mo Weimin , Hu Baoxiang , Shen Zhenlu , Hu Xinquan
Published: May 2015

The newly‐developed protocol provided a competitive synthetic approach to aryl thiocyanates that tolerates a broad range of reactive functional groups and strong electron‐withdrawing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: mCPBA‐Mediated Conjugation of Dibenzosuberenone and Amines or Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Tsai Chung‐Yu , Chan Chieh‐Kai
Published: May 2015

MCPBA‐mediated condensation of dibenzosuberenone (I) and different 1,2‐diaminobenzenes (II) or carboxylic acids (IV) results in the one‐pot synthesis of polycyclic products (III) and β‐hydroxyesters (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Spiro‐N,O‐ketal Synthesis.
Authors: Grammatikopoulou M. , Thysiadis S. , Sarli V.
Published: May 2015

The synthesis of a variety of spiro‐N,O‐ketals with 5‐ and 6‐membered rings is described via a Au‐catalyzed spiroamidoketalization of alkynyl amidoalcohols under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,3′‐Spirooxindoles Fused with Cyclobutanes Through Organocatalytic Formal [2 + 2] Cycloadditions under H‐Bond‐Directing Dienamine Activation.
Authors: Qi Liang‐Wen , Yang Yu , Gui Yong‐Yuan , Zhang Yong , Chen Feng , Tian Fang , Peng Lin , Wang Li‐Xin
Published: May 2015

Title compounds (III), which possess four contiguous stereocenters, including one spiro quaternary center, are obtained in good yields with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity via reaction of ethyleneindolinones (I) with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Preparation of Spiro[4.4] Cyclic Compounds by the Photochemical Activation of Oxazoles.
Authors: Arai Noriyoshi , Mizota Moe , Ohkuma Takeshi
Published: May 2015

A new method for the construction of unique spirocyclic frameworks by the irradiation of oxazole derivatives with an alkene moiety is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloadditions of Vinylcyclopropanes and in situ Formed Unsaturated Imines: Construction of Structurally and Optically Enriched Spiroindolenines.
Authors: Liu Ze‐Shui , Li Wen‐Ke , Kang Tai‐Ran , He Long , Liu Quan‐Zhong
Published: May 2015

The unsaturated imines, involved in the title [3+2] cycloadditions, are generated in situ from aryl sulfonyl indoles [(I) and (IV)].
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydropyrroles by Ring‐Opening/Cyclization of Cyclopropyl Ketones Using Primary Amines.
Authors: Xia Yong , Liu Xiaohua , Zheng Haifeng , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: May 2015

The asymmetric ring‐opening/cyclization of cyclopropyl ketones with primary amine nucleophiles is catalyzed by a chiral N,N′‐dioxide/scandium(III) complex through a kinetic resolution process.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Nitrene Transfer from 2H‐Azirines to Ynamides: A Direct Approach to Polysubstituted Pyrroles
Authors: Zhu Lei , Yu Yinghua , Mao Zhifeng , Huang Xueliang
Published: May 2015

38 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Selective N‐Alkylation of Indoles with Primary Alcohols Using a Pt/HBEA Catalyst.
Authors: Siddiki S. M. A. Hakim , Kon Kenichi , Shimizu Ken‐ichi
Published: May 2015

N‐Alkylated indoles [(III) and (V)] are regioselectively synthesized by using Pt‐loaded H+‐exchanged BEA zeolite as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Vicinal Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters by the Mannich Reaction of Silyl Ketene Imines with Isatin‐Derived Ketimines.
Authors: Zhao Jiannan , Fang Bing , Luo Weiwei , Hao Xiaoyu , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: May 2015

A highly enantioselective Mannich reaction of silyl ketene imines with isatin‐derived ketimines is realized by using a chiral N,N′‐dioxide/ZnII catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Addition of Thiols to Ketimines Derived from Isatins.
Authors: Nakamura Shuichi , Takahashi Shun , Nakane Daisuke , Masuda Hideki
Published: May 2015

A cinchona alkaloid sulfonamide is used for the title reaction and both enantiomers of the products can be obtained by using pseudoenantiomeric chiral catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐imidazo[2,1‐a]isoindol‐5(9bH)‐ones via Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Cascade Imidization—Nucleophilic Addition—Lactamization.
Authors: Qiu Liqin , et al.
Published: May 2015

The first efficient preparation of the medicinally relevant title compounds is presented starting from substituted methyl 2‐formylbenzoates.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Hydrazones Derived from Active Methylene Compounds with Vilsmeier—Haack Reagent.
Authors: Ivonin Sergey P. , Kurpil' Bohdan B. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. , Volochnyuk Dmitry M.
Published: May 2015

Hydrazones with sulfone, ester, nitrile, triphenylphosphonium, and phthalimide moieties are evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Significant Facilitation of Metal‐Free Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of Imines with Water in Synthesis of Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Lee Ye‐Sol , Cho Yeon‐Ho , Lee SeungJae , Bin Jong‐Kwan , Yang JoongHwan , Chae GeeSung , Cheon Cheol‐Hong
Published: May 2015

Various benzimidazoles (26 examples) are obtained by a simple, convenient, and environmentally benign synthesis from ortho‐phenylenediamines and aldehydes via aerobic oxidation in wet organic solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiazole Derivatives from Easily Available Thiourea and Alkyl/Aryl Ketones Using Aqueous NaICl2.
Authors: Ghodse Shrikant M. , Telvekar Vikas N.
Published: May 2015

The facile method proceeds under metal free conditions and provides 2‐aminothiazoles in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Eosin Y Catalyzed Visible Light Mediated Aerobic Photo‐Oxidative Cleavage of the C—C Double Bond of Styrenes.
Authors: Singh Atul K. , Chawla Ruchi , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: May 2015

The efficient and environmentally benign method is applied in the sequential one‐pot synthesis of 2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro[d]thiazole.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Some Novel Thiadiazoles and Thiazoles Incorporating Pyrazole Moiety as Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Gomha Sobhi M. , Salah Taher A. , Abdelhamid Abdou O.
Published: May 2015

A variety of the title compounds (III) and (IV), resp., are synthesized and screened for their in vitro antitumor activities against HCF‐7.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Benzoic Acids with Geminal‐Substituted Vinyl Acetates: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Isocoumarins.
Authors: Zhang Mingliang , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Han Tiantian , Ruan Wenqing , Wen Ting‐Bin
Published: May 2015

Both 3‐aryl and 3‐alkyl substituted isocoumarins are synthesized by a Rh(III)‐catalyzed C—H activation/annulation reaction of electron‐rich germinal‐substituted vinyl acetates and arylcarboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 3‐Acyl‐4‐arylcoumarins via Metal‐Free Tandem Oxidative Acylation/Cyclization Between Alkynoates with Aldehydes.
Authors: Mi Xia , Wang Chenyang , Huang Mengmeng , Wu Yusheng , Wu Yangjie
Published: May 2015

A novel approach for the preparation of potentially biologically attractive 3‐acyl‐4‐arylcoumarins using readily prepared aryl alkynoates and simple aldehydes as starting materials is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Diacylation of Coumarins by Silver‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Wang Hua , Zhou Shi‐Liu , Guo Li‐Na , Duan Xin‐Hua
Published: May 2015

A direct acylation of coumarins by silver‐catalyzed decarboxylative cross‐coupling reactions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconium Dodecylphosphonate Promoted Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives by Condensation Reaction of Aldehydes and β‐Naphthol or Dimedone in Green Media.
Authors: Ghassamipour Soheila , Ghashghaei Razieh
Published: May 2015

Zirconium dodecylphosphonate is found to be an efficient catalyst for the simple and easy synthesis of a wide range of substituted benzoxanthenes and 1,8‐octahydroxanthenes under mild and environmentally benign reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine(III)‐Mediated C(sp3)H Bond Arylation, Alkylation, and Amidation of Isothiochroman.
Authors: Muramatsu Wataru , Nakano Kimihiro
Published: May 2015

Isothiochroman and related compounds undergo sequential oxidation/nucleophilic addition reaction using Grignard reagents to form the corresponding C1‐arylated and alkylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Study of Iodo/Chloropyridines and 2‐Chloroquinoline with Atom‐Economic Triarylbismuth Reagents under Pd‐Catalysis.
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Dhanorkar Ritesh J.
Published: May 2015

The palladium catalyzed coupling of halopyridines as well as chloroquinoline proceeds under moderate conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoquinoline Synthesis by Heterocyclization of Tosylmethyl Isocyanide Derivatives: Total Synthesis of Mansouramycin B.
Authors: Coppola Anna , Sucunza David , Burgos Carolina , Vaquero Juan J.
Published: May 2015

A new method for the synthesis of isoquinolines through a catalytic acid‐mediated cyclization of α‐benzyl tosylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Formation of Trimethylene Carbonate (TMC): Atmospheric Pressure Carbon Dioxide Utilization.
Authors: Buckley Benjamin R. , Patel Anish P. , Wijayantha K. G. Upul
Published: May 2015

The first examples of atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide incorporation into oxetanes are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐ and Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Bicycles Through Hemiaminal Formation/Diastereoselective Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction with Diazenes.
Authors: Crouillebois Laurence , Pantaine Loic , Marrot Jerome , Coeffard Vincent , Moreau Xavier , Greck Christine
Published: May 2015

A combination of hemiaminal formation and diastereoselective hetero‐Diels—Alder reaction creates three carbon—nitrogen bonds in one process.
ChemInform Abstract: CuII/TEMPO‐Promoted One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrimidines from Amino Acid Esters.
Authors: Zhou Nini , Xie Tao , Li Zhongle , Xie Zhixiang
Published: May 2015

Amino esters (I) and (III) act as the only C—C—N building block for the construction of the corresponding pyrimidines (II) and (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of 2‐Amino‐N′‐arylbenzohydrazides with Triethyl Orthobenzoates to Construct Indazolo[3,2‐b]quinazolinones.
Authors: Yang Weiguang , Qiao Rui , Chen Jiuxi , Huang Xiaobo , Liu Miaochang , Gao Wenxia , Ding Jinchang , Wu Huayue
Published: May 2015

An unprecedented example of a halogen‐free protocol to access indazoloquinazolinones is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly cis‐Selective and Enantioselective Metal‐Free Hydrogention of 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinoxalines.
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Du Haifeng
Published: May 2015

The asymmetric, cis‐selective hydrogenation of 2,3‐disubstituted quinoxalines employing chiral borane catalysts generated by the in situ hydroboration of chiral dienes with HB(C6F5)2 under mild reaction conditions is achieved with up to 96% ee.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Tautomerization of Hydroxylated Isoflavones Bearing Heterocyclic Hemi‐Aminals.
Authors: Frasinyuk Mykhaylo S. , Bondarenko Svitlana P. , Khilya Volodymyr P. , Liu Chunming , Watt David S. , Sviripa Vitaliy M.
Published: May 2015

Isoflavones (I) undergo Mannich reaction with amino alcohols such as (III), (V), as well as (VII) and an excess formaldehyde (II) to afford in principle two tautomeric products that incorporate two molecules of HCHO for each equivalent amino alcohol.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Diastereoselective Synthesis of cis‐Perfluoroalkylated Fused [1,3]Oxazines from Aromatic Aldehydes, Methyl Perfluoroalk‐2‐ynoates and Quinolines.
Authors: Sun Tianqi , Cai Qiuqi , Li Minjie , Wang Zewei , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo
Published: May 2015

A new multicomponent reaction involving methyl perfluoroalk‐2‐ynoates, quinolines and aldehydes leading to the sole formation of cis‐perfluoroalkylated [1,3]oxazino[3,2‐α]quinolines, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Formal [4 + 3] Cycloadditions of Dienyltriazoles: Rapid Access to Fused 2,5‐Dihydroazepines.
Authors: Tian Yu , Wang Yuanhao , Shang Hai , Xu Xudong , Tang Yefeng
Published: May 2015

The method is based on a cyclopropanation/aza‐cope rearrangement, and provides various fused 2,5‐azepine derivatives inaccessible by other known methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐2‐benzazepin‐1‐ones and 3H‐2‐Benzoxepin‐1‐ones by Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Reaction/Wittig Sequence Starting from Phosphonium Salt Precursors.
Authors: Wang Long , Ren Zhi‐Lin , Ding Ming‐Wu
Published: May 2015

The reactions of phosphonium salts, arylglyoxals, amines, and isocyanides give dihydrobenzazepinones in good yields via a sequential Ugi condensation and intramolecular Wittig reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dibenzo[c,e][1,2]diazocines — A New Group of Eight‐Membered Cyclic Azo Compounds.
Authors: Nokubi Tomomi , Kindt Stephanie , Clark Timothy , Kamimura Akio , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: May 2015

Hitherto unknown dibenzodiazocines are prepared from azo compounds (I) and (III) under mild Ullmann‐type reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of 2‐Substituted Silylethynyloxybiaryls Through δ‐C—H Activation.
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Anami Tomohiro , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: May 2015

The intramolecular hydroarylation of 2‐(silylethynyloxy)‐biaryls affords the corresponding cyclized products with a Z‐configurated silylethynyl group.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of 2‐Cyano‐2‐siloxyvinylallenes via Cyanide‐Induced Brook Rearrangement in γ‐Bromo‐α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated Acylsilanes.
Authors: Ando Masafumi , Sasaki Michiko , Miyashita Izumi , Takeda Kei
Published: May 2015

The γ‐bromo‐α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated acylsilanes react with KCN under phase‐transfer conditions to yield 2‐cyano‐2‐siloxyvinylsilanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Creation Through Immobilization: A New Family of High Performance Heterogeneous Bifunctional Iminophosphorane (BIMP) Superbase Organocatalysts.
Authors: Goldys Anna M. , Nunez Marta G. , Dixon Darren J.
Published: May 2015

The efficiency of one newly developed catalyst is exemplified in nitro‐Mannich reactions of diphenylphosphinoyl protected ketimines and the conjugate addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to nitrostyrene.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Process that Efficiently Generates Single Stereoisomers of 1,3‐Bisphosphinylpropanes Having Five Chiral Centers.
Authors: Zhang He , Sun Yong‐Ming , Zhao Yalei , Zhou Zhong‐Yang , Wang Ji‐Ping , Xin Nana , Nie Shao‐Zhen , Zhao Chang‐Qiu , Han Li‐Biao
Published: May 2015

P,C‐Stereogenic 1,3‐bisphosphinylpropanes [(III) and (V)] are stereoselectively synthesized from (Rp)‐methylphenylphosphine oxide (II) and unsaturated aldehydes [(I) and (IV)] following a 1,2‐addition/1,3′‐phosphorus migration sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Structure of Three Bislactones, Eremopetasitenin B4 (I) and Eremofarfugins F (II) and G (III), from Ligularia przewalskii and Revision of the Structure of an Epoxy‐Lactone Isolated from Ligularia intermedia.
Authors: Saito Yoshinori , Kamada Aya , Okamoto Yasuko , Gong Xun , Kuroda Chiaki , Tori Motoo
Published: May 2015

Eremopetasitenin B4 (I) was previously assigned as an α‐epoxides, however, its structure is revised to a β‐epoxide based on NMR and X‐ray data.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Taxlllaids A—G; Natural Products from Xenorhabdus indica.
Authors: Kronenwerth Max , Bozhueyuek Kenan A. J. , Kahnt Astrid S. , Steinhilber Dieter , Gaudriault Sophie , Kaiser Marcel , Bode Helge B.
Published: May 2015

Six new lipodepsipeptides (I) and an additional linear derivative (II) named taxlllaids A‐G are isolated and their structures are elucidated by spectroscopic methods, labeling and MS experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Structure Determination of JBIR‐108 — A 2‐Hydroxy‐2‐(1‐hydroxyethyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐3(2H)‐furanone Isolated from Streptomyces gramineus IR087Pi‐4.
Authors: Fujiwara Koichi , Tsukamoto Hirokazu , Izumikawa Miho , Hosoya Takahiro , Kagaya Noritaka , Takagi Motoki , Yamamura Hideki , Hayakawa Masayuki , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Doi Takayuki
Published: May 2015

Natural JBIR‐108 is shown to be a mixture of the major diastereomer (Ia) and the minor diastereomer (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Extraction of Ag+ and Hg2+ from Cyanide Complexes and Mode of Binding by the Layered K2MgSn2S6 (KMS‐2).
Authors: Hassanzadeh Fard Zohreh , Malliakas Christos D. , Mertz Joshua L. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: May 2015

K1.38Mg0.69Sn1.31S4 is prepared by solid state reaction of Sn, Mg, K2S, and S (silica tube, 800 °C, 6 h, 80% yield) as well as hydrothermally from aqueous mixtures of Sn, K2CO3, Mg, and S (autoclave, 220 °C, 4 h, 76% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Lab on Upconversion Nanoparticles: Optical Properties and Applications Engineering via Designed Nanostructure
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Zhang Fan , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: May 2015

Review: 268 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineering a High Energy Surface of Anatase TiO2 Crystals Towards Enhanced Performance for Energy Conversion and Environmental Applications
Authors: Chen Wei , Kuang Qin , Wang Qiuxiang , Xie Zhaoxiong
Published: May 2015

Review: 171 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferroelectricity and Antiferroelectricity of Doped Thin HfO2‐Based Films
Authors: Hwang Cheol Seong , et al.
Published: May 2015

Review: [132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Atomic‐Scale Structure Evolution in a Quasi‐Equilibrated Electrochemical Process of Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Gu Lin , Xiao Dongdong , Hu Yong‐Sheng , Li Hong , Ikuhara Yuichi
Published: May 2015

Review: 188 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Surface Chemistry of Metal—Organic Frameworks
Authors: McGuire Christina V. , Forgan Ross S.
Published: May 2015

Review: [81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Existence of and Mechanism for Microwave‐Specific Reaction Rate Enhancement
Authors: Dudley Gregory B. , Richert Ranko , Stiegman A. E.
Published: May 2015

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Engineering of Mechanophore Activity for Stress‐Responsive Polymeric Materials
Authors: Brown Cameron L. , Craig Stephen L.
Published: May 2015

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon—Hydrogen Bond Functionalizations Mediated by Copper
Authors: Cai Xiao‐hua , Xie Bing
Published: May 2015

Review: [81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Syntheses Based upon Copper‐Catalyzed Alkyne‐Azide Cycloaddition
Authors: Hassan Sidra , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: May 2015

Review: [201 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: How the Structural Elucidation of the Natural Product Stephanosporin Led to New Developments in Aryl Radical and Medicinal Chemistry.
Authors: Fehler Stefanie K. , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: May 2015

Review: [133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Nitriles
Authors: Bagal Dattatraya B. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: May 2015

Review: [53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfanes (Disulfides). A Review
Authors: Musiejuk Mateusz , Witt Dariusz
Published: May 2015

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Lipidated Peptides
Authors: Rosi Federica , Triola Gemma
Published: May 2015

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis Using the Biotage Syro Wave
Authors: Malik Leila , Jensen Knud J.
Published: May 2015

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous‐Phase Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Arenes: The Growing Role of Nanoscale Catalysts
Authors: Bulut Safak , Fei Zhaofu , Siankevich Sviatlana , Zhang Jiaguang , Yan Ning , Dyson Paul J.
Published: May 2015

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: ProPhenol‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Additions by Spontaneously Assembled Dinuclear Main Group Metal Complexes
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Bartlett Mark J.
Published: May 2015

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Hybrid Nanoparticles for Catalytic Organic and Photochemical Transformations
Authors: Song Hyunjoon
Published: May 2015

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Vinblastine, Related Natural Products, and Key Analogues and Development of Inspired Methodology Suitable for the Systematic Study of Their Structure‐Function Properties
Authors: Sears Justin E. , Boger Dale L.
Published: May 2015

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photon Upconversion in Core—Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Xian , Peng Denfeng , Ju Qiang , Wang Feng
Published: May 2015

Review: tutorial review; 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Biochemical and Therapeutic Aspects of Glutaminase
Authors: Unissa Rahamat , Sudhakar M. , Reddy A. Sunil Kumar , Sravanthi K. Naga
Published: May 2015

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Impact of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: The Effects on Drug Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Shan Ning , Perry Miranda L. , Weyna David R. , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: May 2015

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Thin Films of Organi—Inorganic Perovskites for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells
Authors: Stranks Samuel D. , Nayak Pabitra K. , Zhang Wei , Stergiopoulos Thomas , Snaith Henry J.
Published: May 2015

Review: [emphasis on (MeNH3)PbI3 and (MeNH3)PbI3‐xClx perovskites; 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A—D—A Small Molecules for Solution‐Processed Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Ni Wang , Wan Xiangjian , Li Miaomiao , Wang Yunchuang , Chen Yongsheng
Published: May 2015

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Catalysts for Advanced Bio‐Fuel Production Through Catalytic Biomass Pyrolysis Vapor Upgrading: A Review
Authors: Asadieraghi Masoud , Ashri Wan Daud Wan Mohd , Abbas Hazzim F.
Published: May 2015

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Organic Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Lee Chuan‐Pei , Lin Ryan Yeh‐Yung , Lin Lu‐Yin , Li Chun‐Ting , Chu Te‐Chun , Sun Shih‐Sheng , Lin Jiann T. , Ho Kuo‐Chuan
Published: May 2015

Review: [110 refs.
Steric Considerations on Improving the Diastereomeric Ratio of (+)‐ and (−)‐Neomenthyl Phenyl Sulfoxides Using Bulky‐Headed Oxidant Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Periodate and Assignment of Their Configuration
Authors: Chaudhari Umesh V. , Singh Deepak , Deota Pradeep T. , Bedekar Ashutosh V.
Published: May 2015

The bulky‐headed oxidant hexadecyltrimethylammonium periodate affords the diastereomeric pairs, (Ss)‐(+)/(Rs)‐(+) and (Ss)‐(−)/(Rs)‐(−)‐neomenthyl phenyl sulfoxides in stereochemically pure states with improved diastereomeric excess (48% diastereomeric excess [de]) as compared to its nonbulky counterpart, sodium metaperiodate (28% de) from respective (+)/(−)‐neomenthyl phenyl sulfides. Steric effects involving the head group volume of hexadecyltrimethylammonium periodate is found to play a role in improving the diastereomeric ratio of the products. The two diastereomers can be readily separated by column chromatography. Absolute configuration at the sulfur center in (+)‐neomenthyl phenyl sulfoxide was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography and found to be Ss. Relative configurations of other sulfoxides were assigned based on the configuration of (+)‐neomenthyl phenyl sulfoxide. Chirality 27:370–374, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A polynomial hyperelastic model for the mixture of fat and glandular tissue in female breast
Authors: Calvo‐Gallego Jose L. , Martínez‐Reina Javier , Domínguez Jaime
Published: May 2015

In the breast of adult women, glandular and fat tissues are intermingled and cannot be clearly distinguished. This work studies if this mixture can be treated as a homogenized tissue. A mechanical model is proposed for the mixture of tissues as a function of the fat content. Different distributions of individual tissues and geometries have been tried to verify the validity of the mixture model. A multiscale modelling approach was applied in a finite element model of a representative volume element (RVE) of tissue, formed by randomly assigning fat or glandular elements to the mesh. Both types of tissues have been assumed as isotropic, quasi‐incompressible hyperelastic materials, modelled with a polynomial strain energy function, like the homogenized model. The RVE was subjected to several load cases from which the constants of the polynomial function of the homogenized tissue were fitted in the least squares sense. The results confirm that the fat volume ratio is a key factor in determining the properties of the homogenized tissue, but the spatial distribution of fat is not so important. Finally, a simplified model of a breast was developed to check the validity of the homogenized model in a geometry similar to the actual one. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO2 Fixation into Novel CO2 Storage Materials Composed of 1,2‐Ethanediamine and Ethylene Glycol Derivatives
Authors: Zhao Tianxiang , Guo Bo , Han Limin , Zhu Ning , Gao Fei , Li Qiang , Li Lihua , Zhang Jianbin
Published: May 2015

A new CO2 fixation process into solid CO2‐storage materials (CO2SMs) under mild conditions has been developed. The novel application of amine–glycol systems to the capture, storage, and utilization of CO2 with readily available 1,2‐ethanediamine (EDA) and ethylene glycol derivatives (EGs) was demonstrated. Typically, the CO2SMs were isolated in 28.9–47.5 % yields, followed by extensive characterization using 13C NMR, XRD, and FTIR. We found that especially the resulting poly‐ethylene‐glycol‐300‐based CO2SM (PCO2SM) product could be processed into stable tablets for CO2 storage; the aqueous PCO2SM solution exhibited remarkable CO2 capturing and releasing capabilities after multiple cycles. Most importantly, the EDA and PEG 300 released from PCO2SM were found to act as facilitative surfactants for the multiple preparation of CaCO3 microparticles with nano‐layer structure.
X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Pyridinium‐Based Ionic Liquids: Comparison to Imidazolium‐ and Pyrrolidinium‐Based Analogues
Authors: Men Shuang , Mitchell Daniel S. , Lovelock Kevin R. J. , Licence Peter
Published: May 2015

We investigate eight 1‐alkylpyridinium‐based ionic liquids of the form [CnPy][A] by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electronic environment of each element of the ionic liquids is analyzed. In particular, a reliable fitting model is developed for the C 1s region that applies to each of the ionic liquids. This model allows the accurate charge correction of binding energies and the determination of reliable and reproducible binding energies for each ionic liquid. Shake‐up/off phenomena are determinedfor both C 1s and N 1s spectra. The electronic interaction between cations and anions is investigated for both simple ionic liquids and an example of an ionic‐liquid mixture; the effect of the anion on the electronic environment of the cation is also explored. Throughout the study, a detailed comparison is made between [C8Py][A] and analogues including 1‐octyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium‐ ([C8C1Pyrr][A]), and 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium‐ ([C8C1Im][A]) based samples, where X is common to all ionic liquids.
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Porous Graphene Networks as Efficient Sorbents for CO2 and H2
Authors: Song Kyung Seob , Coskun Ali
Published: May 2015

Reported is a catalyst‐free synthetic route for the preparation of porous graphene networks (PGNs) incorporating benzimidazole linkages through the condensation reaction between ester‐functionalized graphene sheets and organic aromatic amine linkers. PGNs showed remarkable thermal stability at temperatures of up to 350 °C in air. This emphasizes the importance of the formation of robust CC bonds by means of the Johnson–Claisen rearrangement for the covalent functionalization of graphene layers. PGNs exhibited high surface areas up to 732 m2 g−1 and showed the highest CO2 uptake capacity (3.75 mmol g−1 at 273 K, 1 bar) along with a remarkable CO2/N2 selectivity (130 at 273 K, 1 bar) of all the GO and graphene frameworks reported to date. PGNs as low‐cost, efficient solid sorbents also exhibited high affinity towards H2 (1.2 wt % at 77 K, 1 bar).
Electrolyte Mixtures Based on Ethylene Carbonate and Dimethyl Sulfone for Li‐Ion Batteries with Improved Safety Characteristics
Authors: Hofmann Andreas , Migeot Matthias , Thißen Eva , Schulz Michael , Heinzmann Ralf , Indris Sylvio , Bergfeldt Thomas , Lei Boxia , Ziebert Carlos , Hanemann Thomas
Published: May 2015

In this study, novel electrolyte mixtures for Li‐ion cells are presented with highly improved safety features. The electrolyte formulations are composed of ethylene carbonate/dimethyl sulfone (80:20 wt/wt) as the solvent mixture and LiBF4, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)azanide, and lithium bis(oxalato)borate as the conducting salts. Initially, the electrolytes are characterized with regard to their physical properties, their lithium transport properties, and their electrochemical stability. The key advantages of the electrolytes are high flash points of >140 °C, which enhance significantly the intrinsic safety of Li‐ion cells containing these electrolytes. This has been quantified by measurements in an accelerating rate calorimeter. By using the newly developed electrolytes, which are liquid down to T=−10 °C, it is possible to achieve C‐rates of up to 1.5 C with >80 % of the initial specific capacity. During 100 cycles in cell tests (graphite||LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2), it is proven that the retention of the specific capacity is >98 % of the third discharge cycle with dependence on the conducting salt. The best electrolyte mixture yields a capacity retention of >96 % after 200 cycles in coin cells.
Irisin, an exercise‐induced myokine as a metabolic regulator: an updated narrative review
Authors: Chen Ning , Li Qingxue , Liu Jun , Jia Shaohui
Published: May 2015

Irisin, as a new hormone‐like myokine, is discovered in the presence of exercise‐induced peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1‐alpha (PGC‐1α). Which substance plays an important role in energy metabolism in each organ in the body and the regulation of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The finding of irisin can contribute to the exploration of the novel and effective therapeutic targets or therapeutic strategies of these metabolic diseases or metabolism‐associated health issues. To date, little is known regarding the functions and regulatory mechanisms of irisin with respect to metabolic diseases or metabolism‐associated health issues. In this narrative review article, we systematically introduce its structural characteristics, production and distribution in tissues and organs, and the regulation and corresponding mechanisms for metabolic diseases or metabolism‐associated health issues of irisin. Meanwhile, its future prospects and the development of irisin‐related products for the promotion of human health have also been proposed, which will benefit future research and application of irisin. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glargine insulin/gliclazide MR combination therapy is more effective than premixed insulin monotherapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zheng Fenping , Guo Xiaohui , Yang Huazhang , Zhang Muxun , Tian Haoming , Guo Lixin , Li Qiang , Mo Yifei , Jia Weiping
Published: May 2015

Background

The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of once‐daily insulin glargine plus gliclazide modified release combination therapy versus twice‐daily premixed insulin monotherapy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients insufficiently controlled by oral antidiabetic agents.

Methods

In a 12‐week, multicenter, randomized, parallel‐group clinical trial, patients with poor glycaemic control (fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and 7.5% < haemoglobin A1c ≤ 10%) on oral antidiabetic drugs were randomized to the treatment groups for combination therapy (n = 52) or monotherapy (n = 53). Continuous glucose monitoring was carried out over two 72‐h periods, at the beginning and the end of the study, and the data were used to calculate the 24‐h mean blood glucose, mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions, standard deviation of blood glucose, and the mean of daily differences.

Results

The mean haemoglobin A1c decrease from baseline to study end was significant for both treatment groups (combination therapy: −1.23 ± 0.92%; insulin monotherapy: −1.02 ± 1.04%); moreover, the combination therapy group showed a significantly more robust haemoglobin A1c decrease (p = 0.0308). Both therapies significantly reduced the 24‐h mean blood glucose (both, p < 0.001), but neither produced a significant effect on glycaemic variability, calculated as mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions, standard deviation of blood glucose, and mean of daily differences. In addition, the effects on rates of hypoglycaemic episodes were similar between the two therapies.

Conclusions

Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic agents attained greater benefit from once‐daily insulin glargine plus gliclazide modified release regimen than from a twice‐daily premixed insulin regimen. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Msx1creERT2 knock‐In allele: A useful tool to target embryonic and adult cardiac valves
Authors: Papoutsi Tania , Odelin Gaëlle , Moore‐Morris Thomas , Pucéat Michel , Luis de la Pompa José , Robert Benoît , Zaffran Stéphane
Published: May 2015

Summary: Heart valve development begins with the endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of endocardial cells. Although lineage studies have demonstrated contributions from cardiac neural crest and epicardium to semilunar and atrioventricular (AV) valve formation, respectively, most valve mesenchyme derives from the endocardial EMT. Specific Cre mouse lines for fate‐mapping analyses of valve endocardial cells are limited. Msx1 displayed expression in AV canal endocardium and cushion mesenchyme between E9.5 and E11.5, when EMT is underway. Additionally, previous studies have demonstrated that deletion of Msx1 and its paralog Msx2 results in hypoplastic AV cushions and impaired endocardial signaling. A knock‐in tamoxifen‐inducible Cre line was recently generated (Msx1CreERT2) and characterized during embryonic development and after birth, and was shown to recapitulate the endogenous Msx1 expression pattern. Here, we further analyze this knock‐in allele and track the Msx1‐expressing cells and their descendants during cardiac development with a particular focus on their contribution to the valves and their precursors. Thus, Msx1CreERT2 mice represent a useful model for lineage tracing and conditional gene manipulation of endocardial and mesenchymal cushion cells essential to understand mechanisms of valve development and remodeling. genesis 53:337–345, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.