bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-larvicidal antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of endophytic fungus Alternaria macrospora isolated from Trichillia connaroides
Authors: Chinnasamy Ragavendran , Govindasamy Balasubramani , Cherian Tijo , Devarajan Natarajan
Published: April 2022

The interaction of plants with microorganisms at various trophic levels is primarily for growth, development and deterrence and is intertwined in a complex network of inhabitants. Endophytes of fungal origin are widely recognized for supporting the production of host plant defence systems, new secondary metabolites, biological pest control agents, and beneficial colony-forming fungi. This study focuses on the assessment of the biological activity of the endophyte, Alternaria macrospora isolated from the leaves of Trichillia connaroides. This strain was genotyped by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene region. Chemical profiling of the extract is performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), indicating the presence of functional groups by FTIR peaks. In addition, A. macrospora metabolites exhibit biological activity listed as antibacterial, antifungal, larval killing, and anticancer activities. It provides a catalogue of bioactivity that is highly relevant to drug and pharmacological settings.
Dynamic community discovery algorithm for large-scale mobile communication networks
Authors: Liu FengHua , Zhao XuMing , Liu Fangyuan , Chen ZhenZhen , Shen Li , Zhu MengLi
Published: April 2022

A mobile communication network usually has a complex system composed of millions of connected mobile devices, each device can be regarded as a node, and the communication between them can be regarded as an edge. Because the structure of mobile communication networks always changes with time, such as the appearance or disappearance of device nodes or edges, the traditional method of researching mobile communication network structure modelling becomes a very challenging problem. This paper constructs a dynamic community detection model based on representation learning (DCDAL) based on graph autoencoding and the Gaussian mixture depth model in response to the above problems. Commonly used dynamic network evaluation indicators such as NMI and modularity are compared and analyzed in complex communication networks. The DCDAL model can outperform the optimal comparative models in NMI and other indicators, especially in large-scale mobile communication network datasets. The model can obtain robust results on multiple indicators Text for this section.
Copolymer-MnO2 nanocomposites for the adsorptive removal of organic pollutants from water
Authors: Kalarikkandy Arun Viswan , S Nirmal , Ravichandran Sanjay , Dheenadayalan Gangadharan
Published: April 2022

The copolymer beads prepared by suspension polymerization were decorated with MnO2 nanoparticles and successfully implemented for the efficient removal of toxic organic contaminants from water. Copolymer-MnO2 nanocomposite was further analysed using XRD, SEM, and optical microscope. The SEM images showed the surface characteristics of MnO2 nanoparticles on copolymer beads. The efficiency of the copolymer-MnO2 nanocomposite for the removal of model pollutant methylene blue and rhodamine B is then analysed by changing the concentration of pollutant. The results obtained exhibited 18.45 mg/g for methylene blue adsorption and 3.125 mg/g for rhodamine B. The adsorption equilibrium results were fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm for both methylene blue and rhodamine B adsorption. The desorption studies were performed for five consecutive cycles and material was showing good regenerating capacity towards both organic pollutants. The obtained results show that copolymer-MnO2 nanocomposite is an efficient material for the removal of organic contaminants from wastewater.
Engineering of HIV-1 neutralizing antibody CAP256V2LS for manufacturability and improved half life
Authors: Zhang Baoshan , Gollapudi Deepika , Gorman Jason , O’Dell Sijy , Damron Leland F. , McKee Krisha , Asokan Mangaiarkarasi , Yang Eun Sung , Pegu Amarendra , Lin Bob C. , Chao Cara W. , Chen Xuejun , Gama Lucio , Ivleva Vera B. , Law William H. , Liu Cuiping , Louder Mark K. , Schmidt Stephen D. , Shen Chen-Hsiang , Shi Wei , Stein Judith A. , Seaman Michael S. , McDermott Adrian B. , Carlton Kevin , Mascola John R. , Kwong Peter D. , Lei Q. Paula , Doria-Rose Nicole A.
Published: April 2022

The broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) CAP256-VRC26.25 has exceptional potency against HIV-1 and has been considered for clinical use. During the characterization and production of this bNAb, we observed several unusual features. First, the antibody appeared to adhere to pipette tips, requiring tips to be changed during serial dilution to accurately measure potency. Second, during production scale-up, proteolytic cleavage was discovered to target an extended heavy chain loop, which was attributed to a protease in spent medium from two-week culture. To enable large scale production, we altered the site of cleavage via a single amino acid change, K100mA. The resultant antibody retained potency and breadth while avoiding protease cleavage. To further improve the antibody, we added the half-life extending mutation LS, which improved the in vivo persistence in animal models, but did not impact neutralization activity; we observed the same preservation of neutralization for bNAbs VRC01, N6, and PGDM1400 with LS. The final engineered construct, CAP256V2LS, retained the extraordinary neutralization potency of the parent antibody, had a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in animal models, and was negative in in vitro assessment of autoreactivity. CAP256V2LS has the requisite potency, developability and suitability for scale-up, allowing its advancement as a clinical candidate.
Therapeutic effects of bumetanide on neurological dysfunction in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome
Authors: Egawa Kiyoshi , Watanabe Miho , Shiraishi Hideaki , Sato Daisuke , Takahashi Yukitoshi , Fukuda Atsuo
Published: April 2022

Angelman syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of function of the maternally expressed UBE3A gene. Treatments for the main manifestations, including cognitive dysfunction or epilepsy, are still under development. Recently, the Cl- importer Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) has gained attention as a therapeutic target in many neurological disorders. Dysregulation of neuronal intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) is generally regarded as one of the mechanisms underlying neuronal dysfunction caused by the activation of brain NKCC1. Here, we analyzed the regulation of [Cl-]i and the effects of bumetanide, an NKCC1 inhibitor, in Angelman syndrome models (Ube3am-/p+ mice). We observed increased NKCC1 expression in the hippocampus of Ube3am-/p+ mice. The average [Cl-]i of CA1 pyramidal neurons was not significantly different, but demonstrated greater variance in Ube3am-/p+ mice. Tonic GABAA receptor-mediated Cl- conductance was reduced, which may have contributed to maintaining the normal average [Cl-]i. Bumetanide administration restores cognitive dysfunction in Ube3am-/p+ mice. Seizure susceptibility was also reduced regardless of the genotype. These results suggest that aberrantly activated NKCC1 has a pathophysiological impact, leading to cognitive dysfunction in Ube3am-/p+ mice, although the average [Cl-]i is not altered. The blockage of NKCC1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with Angelman syndrome.
Typical artificial forest soil bacterial community response to the soil environment of Grain for Green area in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Wei Tianxing
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the differences of soil bacterial community structure under different vegetation restoration types, and to determine feasible strategies for revegetation of grain for green area in the Loess Plateau. Methods: High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the alpha diversity of soil bacteria, community structure characteristics and the correlation between soil environmental factors and bacterial communities in different vegetation restoration types. Results: The findings reveal that soil microbial C and N in different soil layers shows a decreasing trend with an increase in soil layers. Across all samples, the dominant groups are Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Bacteroidetes, GAL15, and Firmicutes. Soil nutrient supply, such as TOC, TN, AN, AP, and AK, had crucial roles in shaping the composition and diversity of the bacterial communities. Conclusions: Based on the results, our data provides a starting point for establishing soil bacterial databases in the Loess Plateau, as well as for the plants associated with the vegetation restoration.
The identification of two newly discovered fluorescent proteins in human glioblastoma
Authors: lyu xiao , Wei Yutian
Published: April 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common malignancy featured by an extremely strong proliferation with enriched genetic information. Due to the rapid proliferation and the unstable genome-induced evolutionary potential, unique proteins may be expressed in GBM cells under the certain influence of the microenvironment. We therefore speculated that fluorescent proteins exist in GBM cells. During the immunofluorescence staining assay, we accidently discovered autofluorescence in primary GBM cells without fluorescent labeling, which were further validated as 2 newly discovered fluorescent proteins excited by 467 nm and 378 nm wavelength, respectively, namely human fluorescent protein Ⅰ and Ⅱ (HFP1, HFP2). Fluorescence colocalization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) results showed the tight interaction of HFP1 and HFP2, and their synergistic effect. Our results for the first time identified 2 newly discovered fluorescent proteins in GBM cells, and clarified their chemical properties.
Unique inverse association between allergic rhinitis and periodontitis: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Kim Dae-Yeob , Lee Jae-Kwan , Pang Eun-Kyoung , Choi Seong-Ho , Lee Jong-Bin
Published: April 2022

The increase in fine dust levels in the atmosphere has been associated with a growth in the incidence of environmental diseases, including allergic rhinitis (AR). Nasal obstruction caused by AR can impact the conditions in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to determine the association between AR and periodontitis in the Republic of Korea. This study was based on data from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-1, 2016), which was conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The study included 3,525 adults older than 19 years. Sociodemographic information and medical variables including history of treatment of periodontitis (HTP) and diagnosis of diseases such as AR were extracted from the data. HTP and AR were reported for 22.81 ± 0.84% (weighted mean ± standard error) and 15.32 ± 0.63% of the studied population, respectively. A diagnosis of AR was reported for 11.07 ± 1.28% of those with HTP and for 17.55 ± 1.84% of those without HTP. From these, it was inferred that the prevalence of HTP was 1.536-fold higher in the non-AR group than in their counterparts with AR. Multiple logistic analysis revealed that AR patients had relatively lower risk of periodontal disease, especially among those aged ≤ 64 years.
Prevalence and Patterns of Mutations in RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer in North Africa
Authors: Jafari Meryem , Laraqui Abdelilah , Baba Walid , Benmokhtar Soukaina , Zaitouni Sara EL , Ali Abdelmounaim Ait , Bounaim Ahmed , Moujahid Mountassir , Tanz Rachid , Mahfoud Tarik , Sbitti Yassir , Annaz Hicham El , Abi Rachid , Tagajdid Mohamed Rida , Kochri Safae El , Lahlou Idriss Amine , Hsaini Houda El , Belayachi Lamiae , Benjouad Abdelaziz , Ichou Mohammed , En-Nya Amina , Ennibi Khalid
Published: April 2022

Background
Our review discuss (i) the findings from analyzed data that have examined KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in North Africa and to compare its prevalence with that shown in other populations and (ii) the possible role of dietary and lifestyle factors with CRC risk.
Methods
Using electronic databases, a systematic literature search was performed for the KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations in CRC patients from Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Lybia.
Results
Seventeen studies were identified through electronic searches with five studies conducted in Morocco, eight in Tunisia, two in Algeria, and one in Libya. A total of 1843 CRC patients were included 576 (31.3%) in Morocco, 641 (34.8%) in Tunisia, 592 (32.1%) in Algeria, and 34 (1.8%) in Libya. Overall, the average age of patients was 52.7 years old. Patients were predominantly male (56.6%). The mutation rates of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF were 46.4%, 3.2% and 3.5% of all patients, respectively. A broad range of reported KRAS mutation frequencies have been reported in North Africa countries. The KRAS mutation frequency was 23.9–51% in Morocco, 23.1–68.2% in Tunisia, 31.4–50% in Algeria, and 38.2% in Libya. The G12D was the most frequently identified KRAS exon 2 mutations (31.6%), followed by G12V (25.4%), G13D (15.5%), G12C (10.2%), G12A (6.9%), and G12S (6.4%). G12R, G13V, G13C and G13R are less than 5%. There are important differences among North Africa countries. In Morocco and Tunisia, there is a higher prevalence of G12D mutation in KRAS exon 2 (≈ 50%). The most frequently mutation type in KRAS exon 3 was Q61L (40%). A59T and Q61E mutations were also found. In KRAS exon 4, the most common mutation was A146T (50%), followed by K117N (33.3%), A146P (8.3%) and A146V (8.3%).
Conclusion
KRAS mutated CRC patients in North Africa have been identified with incidence closer to the European figures. Beside established anti-CRC treatment, better understanding of the causality of CRC can be established by combining epidemiology and genetic/epigenetic on CRC etiology. This approach may be able to significantly reduce the burden of CRC in North Africa.
Biomarkers of nanomaterials hazard from multi-layer data
Authors: Fortino Vittorio , Kinaret Pia , Fratello Michele , Serra Angela , Saarimäki Laura , Gallud Audrey , Gupta Govind , Vales Gerard , Correia Manuel , Rasool Omid , Ytterberg A. Jimmy , Monopoli Marco , Skoog Tiina , Ritchie Peter , Moya Sergio , Vázquez-Campos Socorro , Handy Richard , Grafström Roland , Tran Lang , Zubarev Roman , Lahesmaa Riitta , Dawson Kenneth , Löschner Katrin , Larsen Erik , Krombach Fritz , Norppa Hannu , Kere Juha , Savolainen Kai , Alenius Harri , Fadeel Bengt , Greco Dario
Published: April 2022

There is an urgent need to apply effective, data-driven approaches to reliably predict engineered nanomaterial (ENM) toxicity. Here we introduce a predictive computational framework based on the molecular and phenotypic effects of a large panel of ENMs across multiple in vitro and in vivo models. Our methodology allows for the grouping of ENMs based on multi-omics approaches combined with robust toxicity tests. Importantly, we identified novel mRNA-based toxicity markers and extensively replicated them in multiple independent datasets. We found that models based on combinations of omics-derived features and material intrinsic properties displayed significantly improved predictive accuracy as compared to physicochemical properties alone.
Assessment of Vulnerability in three agro-climatic zones of Chhattisgarh with reference to climate change
Authors: Avi AVINASH YADU , Sir G. K. Das
Published: April 2022

The present study was conducted at the Department of Agrometeorology, IGKV Raipur (C.G.) from 2019 to 2021, to assess the zone-level vulnerability in three agro-climatic zones of Chhattisgarh with respect to climate change. The data on various components were collected from the Census directorate of Chhattisgarh (2001 and 2011), Department of Agrometeorology, Raipur and the report of Directorate of economics & statistics Raipur, C.G. for the period of 2000 to 2018 and divided into three different study periods i.e. 2000–2005, 2006–2010 and 2011–2018. We have used Hiremath & Shiyani and Iyenger & Sudershan's methodology to contract the vulnerability index. The outcome of the study indicates that the agricultural sector played a major role and contributed significantly to quantifying the vulnerability followed by climatic and demographic indicators during all three study periods. Results of the composite vulnerability index indicate that Bastar Plateau agro-climatic zone (BP ACZ) was categorized as a more vulnerable zone followed by the Northern Hills agro-climatic zone (NH ACZ) and Chhattisgarh Plain agro-climatic zone (CGP ACZ) in decreasing order of vulnerability in all the study periods. Zone-wise classification of degree of vulnerability, Chhattisgarh Plain agro-climatic zone (CGP ACZ) and the Northern Hills agro-climatic zone (NH ACZ) was categorized as highly vulnerable category, while Bastar Plateau agro-climatic zone (BP ACZ) fell under the Very highly vulnerable category, during all the three study period. We have not found the less vulnerable, moderately vulnerable and vulnerable categories of the zone during all the three study periods.
Site-Selective, Stereocontrolled Glycosylation Catalyzed by Bis-Thioureas
Authors: Jacobsen Eric , Li Qiuhan , Levi Samuel , Wagen Corin , Wendlandt Alison
Published: April 2022

The identification of general and efficient methods for the construction of oligosaccharides stands as one of the great challenges for the field of synthetic chemistry. Selective glycosylation of unprotected sugars and other polyhydroxylated nucleophiles is a particularly significant goal, requiring not only control over the stereochemistry of the forming bond but also differentiation between similarly reactive nucleophilic sites in stereochemically complex contexts. Chemists have generally relied on multi-step protecting-group strategies to achieve site control in glycosylations, but practical inefficiencies arise directly from the application of such approaches. We describe here a new strategy for small-molecule-catalyst-controlled, highly stereo- and site-selective glycosylations of unprotected or minimally protected mono- and disaccharides using precisely designed bis-thiourea small-molecule catalysts. Stereo- and site-selective galactosylations and mannosylations of a wide assortment of polyfunctional nucleophiles is thereby achieved. Kinetic and computational studies provide evidence that site selectivity arises from stabilizing C–H/π interactions between the catalyst and the nucleophile, analogous to those documented in sugar-binding proteins. This work demonstrates that highly selective glycosylation reactions can be achieved through control of stabilizing noncovalent interactions, a potentially general strategy for selective functionalization of carbohydrates.
Comparison of the short-term effects of Quadrant channel fenestration decompression and Delta large channel endoscopy in the treatment of elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Zhang Jianing , Liang Dingjie , Xu Mengmeng , Yan Kun , Zhang Dapeng , Qian Weiqing
Published: April 2022

Objective
To compare the clinical efficacy of Quadrant channel fenestration decompression and Delta large channel endoscopic spinal decompression in the treatment of elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.
Methods
A total of 40 patients suffering from lumbar spinal stenosis whose age were over 75 years old were selected for the present study, which was admitted to the Department of Orthopedics from June 2019 to August 2021. The observation group received Delta large channel endoscopy treatment, the control group received Quadrant channel fenestration decompression. Count of general information, course of disease, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, visual analogue scale (VAS) preoperatively, 3 days postoperatively, 3 months postoperatively, and 6 months postoperatively and Oswestry dysfunction score (ODI) of the two groups of patients were recorded and compared.
Results
The duration of the disease course between the two groups was roughly the same, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).The two groups of patients had high waist and leg pain and dysfunction index before operation, and the difference in VAS score and ODI index was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).The operation time and intraoperative blood loss of the observation group were less than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).There were no statistically significant difference in VAS scores and in ODI index at 3 and 6 months between the two groups of patients after surgery (P > 0.05), the difference at 3 days after surgery was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Both the two surgical methods have a good clinical outcome in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. However, the Delta large channel endoscopy technology has more clearer vision, less trauma, lower incidence of early postoperative low back and faster recovery time than that of Quadrant channel fenestration decompression.
Construction of risk prediction models for chronic kidney disease complicated with renal hypertension based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Zhu Qin , Du Zhiyin , Liu Ting
Published: April 2022

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a causal relationship with hypertension. Renal hypertension, the main complication of CKD, is a traditional risk factor for cardiovascular events. Objective: This retrospective study aimed to establish a risk prediction model for CKD with renal hypertension (RH) using machine learning algorithms.Methods: Using the electronic medical record database of seven large hospitals in Chongqing, 1572 patients with CKD were selected. Based on the presence of RH, they were divided into RH (n = 400) and non-RH (n = 1172) groups. Data from 70% of patients were randomly allocated to the training set to construct the prediction model. The remaining 30% was used as the test set for internal verification. Single-factor logistic regression and correlation analysis were used to screen input indicators. Prediction models were constructed using these machine learning algorithms: support vector machine, random forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, GBDT, and CatBoost. The optimal parameters of these algorithms were determined using the grid search algorithm. The predictive values of the models constructed for predicting CKD with RH were compared.Results: Urinary protein, urinary occult blood, creatinine, cystatin C, age, creatine kinase-MB, and β2 microglobulin were predictors of CKD with RH. The XGBoost model performed best with a sensitivity of 0.820, a specificity of 0.945, an F1 score of 0.840, and an area under the relative operating characteristic curve of 0.935.Conclusion: The clinical prediction model constructed by the XGBoost algorithm had the potential to predict CKD with RH.
Lived Experiences of Medical Sciences Students about their Exams:A Qualitative Study
Authors: Karimi Shahnaz , Fereidouni Zhila , Kouhpayeh Seyed Amin , Shirazi Zahra Hadian
Published: April 2022

Background: Evaluation of medical students is of particular importance. Written examinations have a major role in assessing medical students’ academic abilities and achievements. This research aimed to determine medical students’ experiences about their examinations. Methods: This study was conducted using qualitative research method with phenomenological approach. In doing so, individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 23 students. The observation method was also used during written examinations. The data were analyzed using the interpretive phenomenological method. Results: Based on the findings, three main themes were extracted, which could indicate the students’ views of their exam experiences. These themes included blessing in disguise, stressful difficulties, and emotional fluctuations. Conclusions: The students considered the exams to be blessing in disguise. Although they tended to escape from the exams, they considered it to be necessary as a “learning tool” and “a tool for achieving job position”. On the other hand, because of the psychological stress and score orientation, they regarded it as a stressful difficulty. The test also gave them a range of positive to negative emotional fluctuations. These results revealed important implications that could be applied at educational policymaking levels.
SNG-YOLOX: Non-obvious remote sensing target detection based on enhanced YOLOX
Authors: Mei Yuan , Wu Kaijun , Xu Zehao , Shan Hongquan , Wang Mengsi
Published: April 2022

In the problem of remote sensing target detection, due to the large differences in size and shape of the target, uneven distribution of the target, and strong background interference in remote sensing images, it is difficult to identify and loca te the detection algorithm. To solve this problem, this paper starts from YOLOX. Firstly, self-calibration convolution is used to replace the deep convolution module in CSPLayer in YOLOX to enhance the context-aware ability of the model and expand the receptive field of the model. Then, in order to solve the interference of local information caused by too much consideration of the surrounding context information in the self-calibration convolution, the normalized attention module is introduced at the end of the self-calibration convolution to enhance the attention to local and non-obvious information. Finally, considering the defects of IOU in boundary box regression, GIOU loss is introduced to replace the boundary box regression. Experiments on RSOD remote sensing dat a set show that the improved algorithm improves the detection performance of 7.87 % mAP compared with YOLOX on this data set, and improves 22.03 % AP on non-obvious overpass images. In addition, compared with the current advanced detection algorithm, the improved algorithm has advanced detection performance.
Ultra-thin Optically Transparent Broadband Microwave Metamaterial Absorber Based on Indium Tin oxide
Authors: Xiong Yao , Chen Fu , Cheng Yongzhi , Luo Hui
Published: April 2022

A broadband metamaterial absorber (MMA) with optical transmittance property was designed to address the electromagnetic (EM) pollution in gigahertz (GHz). The proposed MMA with high optical transmittance polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) between a periodic arrayed indium tin oxide (ITO) film and a low-resistivity ITO reflective layer. Over 90% microwave absorbance can be achieved in the frequency range of 6-17.8 GHz and three distinct absorption peaks can be found in the reflection spectrum. The results also show wide-angular stability, good polarization insensitiveness, and optical transmittance properties. The microwave attenuation mechanisms of the proposed MMA were investigated using surface current distribution and power loss density. The excellent microwave absorption and optical transmittance properties indicate that the designed MMA has strong potential for developing optical transmittance microwave absorption windows and devices.
Risk factors of in-home unintentional injuries among 0-6-year-old children in China: a cross-sectional survey based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory
Authors: Ma Yihan , Song Juan , Hu Ming , Yang Rusi , Yang Panzi
Published: April 2022

Background
In-home unintentional injuries (IUIs) seriously threatened children’s safety. Three factors, including risky behaviors, parental supervision, and home environmental risks, have been identified as major causes for IUIs. Studies considering the interrelations between the three were limited and no relative studies has been carried out among Chinese children.
Objective
To fully explore the influences of behavioral, supervisory and environmental risk factors on IUIs and their associations among Chinese children on the bases of our self-developed scales.
Methods
Through stratified cluster sampling, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 798 parents of children aged 0 ~ 6 years in Changsha, China. Social demographics and IUIs history in the past year were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Three IUI-related scales, which had been developed and validated by our team, aimed to measure risks from children behavior, parental supervision and in-home environment. Structural equation models were constructed to analyze the relationship of these factors and their influences on IUIs using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 22.0.
Results
798 parents were surveyed in total, and 33.58% of them reported with IUIs history of their children. The comparative fit index (CFI), goodness-of-fit index (GFI) and the root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) for the model of the whole children were 0.879, 0.878 and 0.069 respectively, indicating an acceptable level of model fit. Direct influences were discovered between risky behaviors and children’s IUIs. Home environmental risks indirectly exerted impacts on IUIs by the mediating effect of risky behaviors, while the significant effect of parental supervision only existed in children aged 4–6 and girls.
Conclusions
Risky behaviors played a mediating role in IUIs among children. Supervision and environmental risks affected IUIs indirectly by the exposure to risky behaviors. Parental supervision may not be able to offset the risks posed by the environmental and behavioral factors, so effective IUIs prevention strategies should focus on behavioral and environmental interventions, with appropriate supervision strategies based on the age and sex characteristics of the child.
Regulation of the p38-MAPK pathway by hyperosmolarity and by WNK kinases
Authors: Rotin Daniela , Liu Zetao , Demian Wael , Persaud Avinash , Subramanaya Arohan R.
Published: April 2022

p38-MAPK is a stress-response kinase activated by hyperosmolarity. Here we interrogated the pathways involved. We show that p38-MAPK signaling is activated by hyperosmotic stimulation in various solutions, cell types and colonic organoids. Hyperosmolarity sensing is detected at the level of the upstream activators of p38-MAPK: TRAF2/ASK1 (but not Rac1) and MKK3/6/4. While WNK kinases are known osmo-sensors, we found, unexpectedly, that short (2 hrs) inhibition of WNKs (with WNK463) led to elevated p38-MAPK activity under hyperosmolarity, which was mediated by WNK463-dependent stimulation of TAK1 or TRAF2/ASK1, the upstream activators of MKK3/6/4. However, this effect was temporary and was reversed by long-term (2 days) incubation with WNK463. Accordingly, 2 days (but not 2 hrs) inhibition of p38-MAPK or its upstream activators ASK1 or TAK1, or WNKs, diminished regulatory volume increase (RVI) following cell shrinkage under hyperosmolarity. We also show that RVI mediated by the ion transporter NKCC1 is dependent on p38-MAPK. Since WNKs are known activators of NKCC1, we propose a WNK->NKCC1->p38-MAPK pathway that controls RVI. This pathway is augmented by NHE1. Additionally, hyperosmolarity inhibited mTORC1 activation and cell proliferation. Thus, hyperosmotic activation of p38-MAPK and WNKs is important for RVI and for cell proliferation.
Two targets that play a role in the immune microenvironment of breast cancer
Authors: Wang Li-Ning , Zhou Ya-Qing , Li Yue-Xuan , Zhang Qing , Wang Lu
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer (BRCA) is a malignancy that occurs in breast epithelium or ductal epithelium. The progression of BRCA is greatly influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Studies have shown that Pachymic acid (PA) had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and metastasis of BRCA cells and could also enhance immunity. We planned to use the methods of network pharmacology and bio-information analysis to clarify the role of this molecule in the TME of BRCA and its target. We predicted the potential targets of PA. In addition, by comparing the cancer profiles in the The Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) genome with normal profiles, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. At the intersection of predicted targets and DEGs were 16 important genes. Enrichment analysis and survival analysis were performed on these genes. Two hub genes were found in combination with the RNA-seq expression and protein expression in T cell subsets by Immunohistochemical analysis. Finally, we used the GSE42568 data to construct a risk prediction model and obtained independent prognostic indicators. And we identified two PA targets that played a role in the TME, thus providing new ideas for research on BRCA.
Global Burden of Tuberculosis From 1990 to 2019
Authors: Chen Yuqian , Liu Jin , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Qingting , Chai Limin , Wang Yan , Li Danyang , Qiu Yuanjie , Chen Huan , Wang Jian , Xie Xinming , Li Manxiang
Published: April 2022

BackgroundTuberculosis especially drug resistance tuberculosis is the most pervasive infectious diseases worldwide. Studies examining the scope, variation and influence factor of the worldwide burden of tuberculosis and drug resistance status are lacking.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, epidemiologic data were gathered using the Global Health Data Exchange query tool, covering persons of all ages with tuberculosis in 204 countries and 21 regions from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2019; data analysis was completed on December 1, 2022. All participants met the Global Burden of Disease Study inclusion criteria. We analyzed the incidence, mortality and variation trends and influence factor of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis at global, regional and national levels using data from 1990 to 2019.ResultsOutcomes included incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by drug-resistance type. Measures were stratified by region, country and socio-demographic index (SDI). The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) and age-standardized rates (ASR) were calculated to evaluate the temporal trends. We also provide the association of age-standardized incidence rates of tuberculosis and the incidence proportion of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) with SDI.ConclusionWe found the incidence, deaths and DALYs for tuberculosis appeared to decrease annually, but the increasing incidence and deaths of drug-resistant tuberculosis in all SDI quintiles raises notable points, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study suggests an increasing global burden of tuberculosis. And the geographic disparities may provide support for tuberculosis health care planning and resource allocation.
Genetic differences between populations of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella from different geographic regions in India inferred from mitochondrial COI gene sequence
Authors: Sharma Kuldeep , Mahla M. K. , Jain Devendra , S Ramesh Babu , Saini V. P. , Ojha M. L. , Ahir K. C. , Singh Beerendra , Kumar Vijay , Kumar Sandeep , Jagawat Swati , Cheema Rupinder Singh
Published: April 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A Study on the Shh-related signal factor in mouse embryonic palatal process by dexamethasone and vitamin B12
Authors: He Wei , Feng Wenxuan , Chen Jingjing , Wang Shilin , Song Qinggao , Wang Fang
Published: April 2022

Objective To explore the regulatory relationship between Shh-related signal pathway cytokines and cell cycle regulator, and primary cilia depolymerization factors, especially in the pregnant mice treated with dexamethasone and its antagonist vitamin B12 during the palatogenesis phase. Methods C57BL/6J pregnant mice received intraperitoneal injections of saline (blank control group), dexamethasone (dexamethasone group), vitamin B12 (vitamin B12 group), or vitamin B12+dexamethasone (dexamethasone + vitamin B12 group), at a critical period of palatal development during pregnancy. Fusion of the palatal process was observed in each group of mice at embryonic days 13.5 and 17.5. The differences in Smo, Ptch1, Cyclin D1, and Aurora-A expression were quantified by Western blot. Results Dexamethasone delayed the development of the embryonic palatal process, which resulted in cleft palate. Meanwhile, vitamin B12 intervention restored the development progress of the embryonic palatal process to a certain extent. Western blot results showed downregulated expression of Ptch1, Aurora A, and Cyclin D1 in the dexamethasone group, compared to the control group (P<0.01); no significant change in the expression of Smo was observed (P>0.05). Compared to the dexamethasone group, the expression of Ptch1, Aurora A, and Cyclin D1 in the dexamethasone + vitamin B12 group was upregulated (P < 0.01), but no difference in Smo expression was observed (P>0.05). No significant difference in the expression of each target protein was found between the vitamin B12 group and the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion Dexamethasone suppressed Shh downstream signal transmission and primary cilia depolymerization in the embryonic palatal shelf of mice, thereby inhibiting the expression of Cyclin D1 and reducing the proliferation of mouse embryonic palatal cells. Vitamin B12 antagonized the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone by upregulating the expression of related factors.
Peripheral mononuclear cells composition in platelet-rich fibrin in canines with chronic conditions
Authors: Jasineviciute Indre , Grigas Juozas , Ziukaite Gintare , Pautienius Arnoldas , Razukevicius Dainius , Zymantiene Judita , Stankevicius Arunas
Published: April 2022

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a hot research topic because of its regenerative effect in humans. However, data reporting about its application in companion animals is lacking . The aim of the study was to supplement currently available data on PRF cell composition in canine patients by isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), namely T cells, matured B cells, monocytes and macrophages, and adapting current protocols of cell flow cytometry for PRF analysis. Canine patient population was divided into three subgroups: animals with periodontitis only, animals with neoplasia and periodontitis, and healthy controls. Individual clinical parameters of the patients and evaluation of the wound healing quality were included in the research. In the present study, canine PRF cell composition was analyzed for the first-time using cell flow cytometry protocol. A higher proportion of PBMC cells related to wound healing (CD3+, CD3+CD4+CD8-, CD14+) were found in the PRF of control, periodontitis and neoplasia groups compared to the respective blood samples which implies a positive outcome associated with clinical PRF usage in canine patients. Proportions of monocytes and macrophages were higher in PRF samples compared to blood of healthy patients and periodontitis affected patients, however, inflammatory and neoplastic processes have no effect on proportion distribution of PBMC.
Continuous Single-Sign-On (CSSO) method for authentication and authorization in microservices architectures
Authors: MARTIN AZANGUEZET QUIMATIO BENOIT , AUVARIQUE NDANTENG TCHAKOUNTÉ , FIDÈLE TSOGNONG , NKENLIFACK MARCELLIN JULIUS
Published: April 2022

In order to maintain a competitive edge, companies have adopted the microservices architecture to enable them to quickly add new functionality and application integrations. This is an architectural design pattern that consists of structuring a computer application into different autonomous services, which can be deployed and managed independently of each other. To secure access to the different services, most microservices applications delegate this function to an identity server which ensures authentication and authorization. However, the security offered by identity servers is subject to two essential flaws. The principle of single sign-on (SSO), which consists of authenticating once to access all the system's services, can quickly extend the scope of an identity theft attack to all these services. The access control implemented by these identity servers remains based on the principle of trusting the administrators. And so, any compromise of the administrator account would contribute to putting the system out of control. To overcome these security flaws in microservices we propose an approach based on continuous authentication mechanism called Continuous - Single - Sign - On (CSSO), which allows to authenticate a user throughout his session and not only at the connection time. This work finds its application in microservices and cloud security.CCS CONCEPTS • Security and Privacy• Software and its engineering • Information Systems
Presentation of Modern Values of Confucianism Humanism in the Media Space
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Lai Lingzhi Lai Lingzhi
Published: April 2022

In the modern high-tech world, the mass media play a significant role in “understanding information” and “forming knowledge”, and are also of great importance in the formation and representation of collective values of society. Confucian culture is not only a system of knowledge, but also a system of values. In the face of internal and external problems, contradictions, and spiritual crisis, Chinese society relies on the basic values of Confucian culture, thereby strengthening social and political stability. The ideas of Confucian culture also have a high applied value for the regulation of modern international relations. The country is making efforts to present the basic values of humanism of Confucian culture in the country and abroad. And the media play a crucial role in this process. This determines the relevance of this work. The article reveals the modern values of humanism of Confucianism presented in the Chinese media on the example of the Internet version of People’s Daily. The chronological framework of the study is the period from 09.15.2019 to 09.15.2021. Main research methods: critical analysis of scientific literature and content analysis of newspaper texts. The author analyzes and systematizes scientific works on the chosen topic in order to highlight the ideas, main provisions, concepts, principles underlying the Confucian worldview, and their modern value interpretation ‒ both for China and the world community as a whole. The importance of the media space for the formation of the value of the individual and society is studied. The method of content analysis was applied in the study of modern values of humanism of Confucianism. The analysis shows that the Chinese media act as a platform for the presentation, interpretation and actualization of modern values of humanism of Confucianism: they pay attention to the value of Confucianism for both the individual and the collective; actualize the values of its humanistic ideas, such as “Humanity” and “Harmony”; emphasize its moral, spiritual, psychological, ideological and socio-political value of humanism; actualize its value within China itself and on a global scale. In a further study, the effectiveness of the actualization of specific values of Confucianism in the Chinese media can be more carefully considered.
O TELEATENDIMENTO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE FORTALECIMENTO DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE E A PANDEMIA PELA COVID-19
Authors: Schilling Soares Caroline , Serravite Irrthum Carolina , Gustavo Cipriano de Araújo Edmundo , Aguiar Simões Warley
Published: April 2022

A pandemia da COVID-19 impôs desafios para o acesso e a continuidade da oferta de cuidados aos usuários na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Uma das estratégias propostas pelo município de Belo Horizonte foi a telessaúde, que consiste na utilização de recursos tecnológicos, como os atendimentos por áudio-vídeo, para a oferta de serviços de saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a experiência da estruturação do teleatendimento na APS de Belo Horizonte, no contexto da pandemia. Como metodologia utilizou-se o relato de experiência. Foram apresentados processos estruturantes e aspectos de destaque na oferta dessa modalidade. Dois grandes grupos beneficiados, inicialmente, com o teleatendimento e telemonitoramento foram os usuários com condições crônicas e os casos suspeitos de COVID-19. Embora tenham sido identificados desafios e aspectos que necessitam de maior atenção, investimento e readequações, os resultados alcançados refletem a complexidade do cuidado à saúde e as perspectivas práticas na organização e ampliação da capacidade de resposta dos serviços. Destaca-se que a telessaúde representa benefícios para a prática assistencial e para a gestão dos serviços de saúde.
Universal tradeoff relation between speed, uncertainty, and dissipation in nonequilibrium stationary states
Authors: Neri Izaak
Published: April 2022

We derive universal thermodynamic inequalities that bound from below the moments of first-passage times of stochastic currents in nonequilibrium stationary states of Markov jump processes in the limit where the two thresholds that define the first-passage problem are large. These inequalities describe a tradeoff between speed, uncertainty, and dissipation in nonequilibrium processes, which are quantified, respectively, with the moments of the first-passage times of stochastic currents, the splitting probability of the first-passage problem, and the mean entropy production rate. Near equilibrium, the inequalities imply that mean first-passage times are lower bounded by the Van't Hoff-Arrhenius law, whereas far from thermal equilibrium the bounds describe a universal speed limit for rate processes. When the current is proportional to the stochastic entropy production, then the bounds are equalities, a remarkable property that follows from the fact that the exponentiated negative entropy production is a martingale.
Street Smart or Smart Street?
Authors: Kirsch Sebastian
Published: April 2022

In its first part the essay reflects on an ongoing transformation in the history of power relations by commenting on a short passage from Elfriede Jelinek's 2013 theater text Die Schutzbefohlenen (Charges: The suppliants). Reading Jelinek's words as a play on Martin Heidegger's essay "Die Zeit des Weltbildes" ("The Age of the World Picture") but also on his concept of the "Gestell", the essay discusses a current crisis of pictorial framing which corresponds today's reshaping of the logics of production by digital network technologies. The essay argues that one of the most significant symptoms of this development is an extensive "deterritorialization of the street" and its milieus which for historical reasons has a great impact on contemporary theater. Finally, the processes at stake are described as effects of an increasing implementation of "environmental governmentality", a term which the essay traces back to its Foucauldian roots.
The second part then focusses on "Flinn Works'" 2017 performance Global Belly which engages the audience in semi-documentary scenes on the phenomenon of surrogate motherhood, for which today sperm and egg cells are transported, mixed, discharged and returned around the globe in global operations. As will be shown here, this performance deals in fact remarkably with all the three issues developed in the first part of the essay.
Self or Group Technology?
Authors: Hölscher Stefan
Published: April 2022

In my contribution to this volume I would like to investigate in how far the recent spread of the workshop format in the dance field in its difference from the formats of rehearsal, training, or showing can be contrasted with the historical emergence of the workshop in the Neo-Avantgardes of the 1960s and thereby situated in the area of conflict between group technologies and technologies of the self. I am doing so by relating my own current research project to Michel Foucault´s late investigation of ascesis and different kinds of subjectivity, to Richard Schechner´s approach to the workshop, and to the research Ana Vujanovi?, Bojana Cveji?, and Marta Popivoda have been conducting under the title Performing the Self in the last years. At the end of this essay I will briefly say a few sentences about the durational event Life Forms which took place at Haus der Kulturen der Welt (HKW) in Berlin from April 25 till 27 (2019), since this contemporary workshop-like setting very much reflected on what I would like to call the paradox of the workshop.