bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic divergence among accessions of Manihot spp.
Authors: Silva Ana Paula Gomes da , Silva Divan Soares da , Rego Mailson Monteiro do , Andrade Albericio Pereira de , Campos Fleming Sena , Rego Elizanilda Ramalho do
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to perform a morphological and morphoagronomic analysis of wild Manihot species from a Brazilian semiarid region for inclusion in the collection at the Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba. To characterize the 55 accessions, 12 quantitative and 18 qualitative descriptors were used. A dissimilarity matrix was generated by Mahalanobis generalized distance (D²), and clusters were identified by the UPGMA method. It was possible to verify the formation of 8 dissimilar groups based on morphological characters and 5 groups based on morphometric characters, indicating the presence of genetic diversity among accessions. The evaluated morphometric variable with the greatest relative contribution was the length between the central lobe. Based on the dissimilarity matrix, the accessions 16 x 48 were the most genetically distant accessions, followed by 47 x 49. The accessions 4 Monteiro, 16 Soledad, 38 Boa Vista, 3 Pedra Lavrada, 7 Junco, 10 Barra de Santa Rosa, 21 Monteiro, and 39 Junco are the most promising and can be used as parents in breeding programs for this forage species.
Biochemical changes and development of soybean with use of pelletized organomineral fertilizer containing sewage sludge and filter cake
Authors: Silva Leidyanne Godinho , Camargo Reginaldo de , Lana Regina Maria Quintão , Delvaux Julio Cesar , Fagan Evandro Binotto , Machado Vanessa Júnia
Published: June 2020

Filter cake has been one of the most widely used waste products as a source of organic matter in the production of biofertilizers. However, sanitized sewage sludge is a recommended alternative for agricultural use because of environmental issues. Studies that examine the use of this particular class of fertilizer are needed. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of sewage sludge and filter cake as sources of organic matter in the composition of pelletized biofertilizers for soybean production. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 2 x 4 + 2 factorial, which includes two sources of organic matter (sanitized sewage sludge and filter cake) and four levels of nitrogen (50, 75, 100, and 125%) relative to the recommended dose of phosphorus pentoxide compared with the mineral fertilizer. The use of organomineral fertilizer with the formulation of 75% sewage sludge showed greater growth for aerial plant parts. Biofertilizers formulated with sewage sludge and filter cake can replace mineral fertilizer and increase soybean growth. Quantitative changes in peroxidase, catalase and urease activity, as well as lipid peroxidation, were observed following the use of biofertilizers.
Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) and Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)
Authors: Erazo Sandoval Norma Soledad , Echeverría Guadalupe Magdy Mileni , Jave Nakayo Jorge Leonardo , León Reyes Héctor Antonio , Lindao Córdova Víctor Alberto , Manzano Ocaña Juan Carlos , Inca Chunata Nanci Margarita
Published: June 2020

Two isolations of fungi from a bank of microorganisms in the Biological Sciences Laboratory at Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo were tested on the galling caused by Meloidogyne incognita in tomato seedlings grown in pots with substrate infested with a suspension of nematodes, with approximately 2000 juvenile stages (J2) from root galls of plants infested with M. incognita, taken from the Nematology laboratory of the Ecuadorian Agricultural Quality Assurance Agency (AGROCALIDAD).   Pleurotus ostreatus was a fungus with nematicidal characteristics through production of toxins; while Trichoderma harzianum is a widely known fungus, although it is a plant growth promoter rather than a nematicide. The two fungi were formulated in wheat straw and rabbit manure. A complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used, with a chemical control (Fenamiphos) and an absolute control. Five grams of each formulation was applied per plant before the transplant. The number of galls in the roots, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and fresh and dry weight of the aerial part and roots of 180 tomato plants grown in greenhouse were evaluated at 60 days after transplant. The results showed that the two fungi reduced the number of galls and made it possible to obtain dry weights of the aerial and radicular part very close to the chemical control (10.09 and 3.39 g) with 8.68; 8.04; 2.96 and 3.25 g respectively. Besides Trichoderma harzianum proved to be a good promoter of root growth, therefore, the use of these bioformulates is a promising measure for the control of this phytonematode
Antioxidant and biological activities of essential oil from Colombian Swinglea glutinosa (Blanco) Merr fruit
Authors: Jaramillo-Colorado Beatriz Eugenia , Palacio-Herrera Flor María , Duarte-Restrepo Edisson
Published: June 2020

The objectives of this work were the study of the volatile chemical composition of essential oils (EO’s) from Swinglea glutinosa, as well as to evaluate their antioxidant, repellent and fumigant properties. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation from the peel of the fruit, gathered in the city of Cartagena, Bolívar (Colombia). The volatile composition was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major compounds found in S. glutinosa were germacrene D (4.8%), limonene (5.2%), a-terpineol (6.5%), b-pinene (8.5%), nerolidyl acetate (9.8%), and trans-nerolidol (34.6%). S. glutinosa showed antioxidant potential (85.8%) (IC50=142.49 µg mL-1). The EO deployed repellent activity against the Tribolium castaneum weevil at a concentration of 15.73 nL cm-1 at 2 hours of exposure (72%), while the result for the commercial repellent was 50% at the same concentration. EO from S. glutinosa displayed the best fumigant activity with LC50 of 153.4 μg mL-1 air. The essential oil from S. glutinosa can be considerated as a natural source of biocides and antioxidants.
Contribuições da lexicografia para a educação: comparando definições em dicionários escolares e revistas de divulgação científica
Authors: Liska Geraldo Jose Rodrigues , Cordeiro Maryelle Joelma
Published: June 2020

Os dicionários de língua são obras importantes para o registro do léxico e todo o seu repertório de entradas e definições é construído por meio de critérios e sistematizações. No âmbito escolar, essas obras vêm ganhando espaço à medida que aumenta a preocupação com o ensino do léxico. A crescente preocupação com o ensino das palavras e seus sentidos em contextos específicos, a fim de se evitarem atividades descontextualizadas, com listas de palavras e frases isoladas, é fruto da conscientização sobre o importante papel dos dicionários para o ensino-aprendizagem. Neste trabalho, comparamos algumas definições de verbetes de quatro dos nove dicionários avaliados pelo PNLD – Dicionários (Brasil, 2012) com revistas de divulgação científica, tendo como princípios teóricos a Lexicografia e, mais especificamente, a Lexicografia Pedagógica. Para comparação, apresentamos algumas palavras [vocábulos com valor de termo] definidas em matérias da Revista Mundo Estranho (ME), especificamente da seção ‘Perguntas e Respostas’, as quais se iniciam com ‘O que é’. Esperamos com isso mostrar como a linguagem das revistas de divulgação científica que circulam entre os indivíduos em idade escolar pode contribuir para a formulação das definições nos verbetes.
Os acordes líricos da obra poética em Salgado Maranhão
Authors: Martins Ricardo André Ferreira , Brito Luciana
Published: June 2020

O artigo em questão tem por objetivo apresentar um estudo panorâmico da produção poética de Salgado Maranhão, poeta maranhense que ganhou prêmios de relevância no país, entre os quais se destacam o Jabuti, em 1999, com Mural de ventos, e o Prêmio de Poesia da Academia Brasileira de Letras, em 2011, com A cor da palavra. Além disso, tem poemas traduzidos em inglês, italiano, francês, alemão, sueco, hebraico e esperanto. Colocou-se como desafio a identificação, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e análise de poemas, do perfil do poeta: o que representa, quais os lugares e os entrelugares de sua fala poética e como se manifesta esteticamente, utilizando-se, para tanto, do lugar de enunciação de sua obra lírica, particularmente a consciência étnica e social, até aproximações formais e teóricas com projeto formal e metafórico da lírica moderna, apontado por Hugo Friedrich (1978), alcançando também outras temáticas, como a sensualidade e o erotismo neopaganista que explora a consciência literária do apolíneo e o dionisíaco, constantes em Nietzsche (2007) e Valente (2009).
Saussure e seu CLG (curinga da linguística geral)
Authors: Santorum Karen Andresa , Lebler Cristiane Dall' Cortivo
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo faz uma breve recuperação das principais contribuições de Saussure para a Linguística a partir do Curso de Linguística Geral (CLG) e o quanto seu legado influencia as mais variadas áreas do conhecimento humano. Daí a analogia feita à carta curinga do baralho, que, em alguns jogos, serve para completar qualquer sequência de cartas. Para isso, discorremos, ainda que brevemente, sobre os marcos conceituais de língua, sistema e valor presentes no CLG, a fim de construir uma ponte entre esses conceitos e o processo de tradução, pensando sobre de que forma a tradução poderia se reconfigurar a partir de uma perspectiva saussuriana da língua e do valor linguístico. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo colocar em diálogo as noções presentes no Curso de Linguística Geral, especialmente o conceito de valor linguístico, com o trabalho de tradução, no qual a apreensão dos valores linguísticos é fundamental para que haja uma adequada transposição de significado de uma língua para a outra. A importância da manutenção do valor linguístico na tradução é ilustrada por uma breve análise de excertos de um capítulo da obra Pollyana, de Eleanor Porter (2017). As reflexões aqui apresentadas apontam que seria redutor pensar em uma tradução apenas como a correspondência estéril de termos ou signos tomados isoladamente, como uma composição em si mesmos de significado e significante, despertando a consciência acerca da necessidade de respeitar as redes associativas que configuram o valor linguístico do signo ao traduzir.
A ‘carnavalização’ das autoridades políticas argentinas na revista Caras y Caretas
Authors: Silva Fábio Alexandre da , Oliveira Graziele Rodrigues de , Araujo Viviane da Silva
Published: June 2020

Este artigo analisa a revista ilustrada Caras y Caretas, que esteve em circulação na Argentina entre os anos de 1898 e 1941. O periódico surge em meio a um contexto de transformação político-social que resultou na consolidação de um Estado-nação argentino altamente regulador e burocrático. Valendo-se de sátiras, crônicas, caricaturas e charges, a revista teceu críticas à sociedade burguesa do período e à formação político-cultural argentina. A partir dessa análise mais ampla, objetiva-se examinar mais pontualmente a política ‘carnavalizada’ expressa em caricaturas e sátiras de edições da Caras y Caretas nos anos de 1901(Cao, 1901) e 1902 (Kiernan, 1902), procurando refletir sobre a sua função enquanto instrumento de representação dos papéis políticos e sociais da sociedade argentina do limiar do século XX.
Heptapod B and whorfianism. Language extrapolation in science fiction
Authors: Noletto Israel Alves Corrêa , Lopes Sebastião Alves Teixeira
Published: June 2020

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that the language someone speaks shapes their thoughts. Although this view may have fallen into disrepute in the field of linguistics, its influence, the Whorfianism, has been the number one showcase in science fiction works that somehow approach language, and more specifically, invented languages. This paper uses Ted Chiang’s award-winning novella Story of your life (1998) and its filmic adaptation Arrival (2016) directed by Denis Villeneuve and written by Eric Heisserer as a case study to investigate this literary phenomenon. The considerations of Guy Deutscher (2010), Stockwell (2006) and Ria Cheyne (2008), as well as the authors’ own viewpoints, are vitally important for that. The result is a speculative and comparative analysis that contributes to a better understanding of the frequent connexion of science fiction, glossopoesis and Whorfianism.
Impact of citric acid on the drying characteristics of kiwifruit slices
Authors: Doymaz Ibrahim
Published: June 2020

Kiwifruit slices were dried at four different air drying temperatures of 50, 55, 60 and 70ºC and at 2 m s-1 air velocity by using a cabinet dryer in this study. The drying, rehydration and colour characteristics were significantly influenced by pretreatment and drying temperature. The drying time decreased with the increase in drying temperature. The drying rate curves showed that the entire drying process took place in the falling rate period. Five well-known thin-layer models were evaluated for moisture ratios using nonlinear regression analysis. The results of regression analysis indicated that the Midilli & Kucuk model the best to describe the drying behaviour with the lowest c2 and RMSE values, and highest R2 value. The effective moisture diffusivity of the dried kiwifruit slices was calculated with Fick’s diffusion model, in which their values varied from 4.19×10–10 to 6.99×10-10 m2 s-1 over the mentioned temperature range. The dependence of effective diffusivity coefficient on temperature was expressed by an Arrhenius type equation. The calculated values of the activation energy of moisture diffusion were 10.37 and 19.08 kJ mol-1 for citric acid and control samples, respectively
Characterization of Low-Pressure Nitrogen Plasma Discharge and Pre-Oxidation on the Surface Characteristics of Activated Carbons
Authors: Abdon Ria Grace P. , Dela Peña Top Archie , Punongbayan Camille , Ricafrente John Achilles
Published: June 2020

Commercial activated carbon (CAC) was modified using low-pressure radio frequency nitrogen plasma discharge (NPD) operating at 0.3 mbar and 40 kHz. The surface chemistry of CAC was modified using HNO3pre-oxidation to possibly influence the reactivity of NPD. The results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested that pre-oxidation reduces aromaticity, generates aliphatic carbons (C-C and C-H), and increases carboxylic functional groups (COOH) which probably enhances the nitrogen plasma functionalization based on the N/C ratio for CAC-O-P (4.29 %) compared to CAC-P (2.88 %). FTIR was used to confirm such effects of pre-oxidation from the functional groups present on the carbon surface. The total surface area was identified using Langmuir and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) N2adsorption isotherms at 77 K. Both pre-oxidation and plasma treatment caused an increase in the surface area of CAC up to 150 percent. Carbon t-plot method was used to determine the micropore volume, micropore area, and external surface area. The total surface area of each activated carbon was mostly constituted of micropore area which was identified to be directly proportional to the micropore volume. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirms the destruction of the surface morphology for CAC-O that might have caused the increase in surface area. Development of surface threadlike structures were observed for the NPD treated CAC-O. NPD favors the development of NH2functionalities and reduces the aromaticity of activated carbons while enhancing the surface morphology and the surface area.
Effect of Silver Addition on the Adsorption Properties of Y Zeolite
Authors: Temerev Victor L. , Vedyagin Aleksey A. , Iost Kristina N. , Cherepanova Svetlana V. , Trenikhin Michael V.
Published: June 2020

The present work is aim to study the adsorption/desorption properties of the Ag-modified Y zeolite towards toluene as well as its high temperature behavior under the prompt thermal aging conditions. The Ag/Y samples were obtained by an ion exchange technique and mixed with pure alumina used as a binder. The reference samples were prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation of alumina with a solution of silver nitrate and mixed with pure HY zeolite. The initial and aged samples were characterized by TEM and XRD methods. It was found that the Ag-modified Y zeolite strongly adsorbs toluene. Irreversible sorption of toluene over the most active silver sites was shown to exclude them from the participation in oxidation processes, thus diminishing the overall efficiency of the adsorption-catalytic system.
Partial Miscibility of Metals as a Key for Improved Properties
Authors: Vedyagin Aleksey A. , Plyusnin Pavel E. , Kenzhin Roman M. , Stoyanovskii Vladimir O. , Zadesenets Andrey V. , Shubin Yury V.
Published: June 2020

Platinum and iridium are known to belong to a family of partly miscible metals. On the other hand, these metals are high demanded as active components of the catalysts for a variety of industrially important processes. In the present work, a series of bimetallic Pt-Ir catalysts supported on alumina were prepared using a “single source precursor” concept. The ratio of metals in the alloy was varied from 1:3 to 3:1. The thermal stability and catalytic activity in CO oxidation of the samples were studied in a prompt thermal aging regime. Monometallic Pt/γ-Al2O3 and Ir/γ-Al2O3 samples were used as references. All the studied catalysts were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy in initial state and after the aging treatment. It was found that the bimetallic nanoparticles being subjected to the high temperature aging at 600 and 800 °C undergo redistribution with further stabilization in a noticeably more active state. The observed increase in the catalytic activity is explained by an enrichment of the particles’ surface with platinum.
The Use of Silane-Aniline as Coupling Agent between Titanium (IV) Oxide Core and Polyaniline Emeraldine Salt Shell
Authors: Parel Marco Miguel P. , Colambo Ivy R. , Herrera Marvin U.
Published: June 2020

Stable electronic configuration between the interface of an n-type oxide semiconductor core and a p-type polymer shell is necessary in order to guarantee a consistent functioning core-shell structure. This research aims to use silane-aniline to link between an n-type Titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) core and p-type polyaniline emeraldine salt (PANI-ES) shell. Core-shell structure was created by functionalizing TiO2 powders with silane aniline molecules using simple soaking technique and then polymerizing the attached aniline molecules using an oxidative technique. Infrared spectroscopy reveals the presence of Si-O bonds signifying the presence of linkage between the inorganic core and polymeric shell. Polymerization of the attached aniline molecules may have led to coupling of aromatic rings to form long polymeric structures which caused widening and shifting of aromatic rings’ IR peak to lower wavenumber. In conclusion, silane-aniline was successfully utilized to connect the n-type TiO2 core and p-type PANI-ES shell.
Temperature Dependent Up-Conversion Luminescence Properties of Er3+ Doped KNN Ultrafine Powders Prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid
Authors: Liu Zhen , Chen Di Hu
Published: June 2020

Er3+ doped potassium sodium niobate (KNN: Er) ultrafine powders have been prepared by pulsed laser ablation in water. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the sample demonstrated that the as-synthesized powders were crystalized in orthorhombic phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) images exhibited that the morphology of ultrafine powders are cube-like. Under the excitation of 980 nm laser, the sample exhibits green emission, which is originated from the transition of thermal coupled energy levels (2H11/2, 4S3/2) to ground state level 4I15/2. Temperature dependent up-conversion emission intensity associated with thermal quenching of total green emission band and the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) between two sub-emission bands related to population of thermal coupled energy levels are investigated for temperature sensing in the temperature range of 300 K to 480 K. The temperature sensing performances related to different technique were discussed. A maximum relative sensitivity reaches 1.01% K-1 at 464 K for emission intensity thermometry and that is 0.84% K-1 at 374 K for FIR thermometry technique. All these results show that KNN: Er ultrafine phosphors prepared via pulsed laser ablation in water have prospect for non-contact temperature sensing.
The Effect of Sn(II) Precursor on Morphology and Surface Area of as Synthesis SnO2 Nanotube
Authors: Choopool Parnumart , Kooptarnond Kalayanee , Khangkhamano Matthana , Rachpech Vishnu
Published: June 2020

Tin oxide nanotubes (STs) were synthesized by the hydrothermal process using manganese dioxide nanowires (MWs) as a template and followed by oxalic acid treatment. The effect of the stannous chloride concentration on the structure and crystallite size of the product were investigated. The phase composition was determined by XRD. Morphologies were revealed by FESEM and TEM. Firstly, manganese dioxide nanowires were fabricated from KMnO4. Then, tin oxide nanoparticles were coated on the wall surfaces of MWs templates. The template was then leached out by oxalic acid treatment. Nanotubular structure of the final product was formed by the agglomeration of the tin oxide nanoparticles coating on the template surfaces. On increasing the stannous chloride amount, crystallite size and the electrochemical properties increased, while the specific surface area decreased.
Anthocyanin and Flavonoid Extracted from Watermelon Rind (Citrullus lanatus) with Two Different Colors of Watermelon Flesh: Yellow and Red
Authors: Augustia Venitalitya A.S. , Oktaviani Intan I. , Setyati Wahyu
Published: June 2020

Watermelon or Citrullus lanatus is a common fruit for daily consumption in Indonesia. The anthocyanin and flavonoid in watermelon rind serve a good antioxidant effect for protecting human body health from free radical damage. The objective of the present work is to observe and calculate the amount of anthocyanin and flavonoid in watermelon rind with two different colourscolours of fruit flesh harvested in Indonesia, that are red and yellow. Total polyphenol content was also observed in this work. Total anthocyanin content was derived in this study was (0.02±0.000) up to (0.05±0.000) mg/L and the lowest and highest value were found in MTK and MK, respectively. For total flavonoid content, the value in a range between (0.71±0.000) mg/L and (1.63±0.002) mg/L. The polyphenol value was between (0.38±0.002) mg/mL and (0.57±0.001) mg/mL. The lowest and highest values of flavonoid and polyphenol were found in MTK and KK. This work provided information on three compounds that will be useful.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of PGS/PCL Nanocomposite Films: Effect of Organo-Modified Montmorillonite
Authors: Jandayan John Paul M. , Aquino Ruth R. , Tolentino Marvin S. , Tan Christian Martin E.
Published: June 2020

Microwave-assisted synthesis of polyglycerolsebacate (PGS) - polycaprolactone (PCL) with nanoclay composite films were fabricated in this study. PGS produced via microwave irradiation technique was blended withorgano-modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) and PCL, and cast using thermally induced phase separation technique (TIPS) to produce nanocomposite films. The fabricated films underwent different qualitative characterization to identify its morphology, porosity,wettabilityandmechanical strength. FTIR results showed changes in the band peaks signifying the interaction between PCL, O-MMT and PGS. SEM images of the films displayed filamentous and non-uniform pores present on the films, which became more visible upon the addition of O-MMT and PGS.Also, the films showed improved tensile strength and elongation upon addition of PGS, but on an optimum O-MMT amount. Furthermore, the pore size of films increased upon addition of PGS, which confirmed the effect of its hydrophilic in nature. Thiswas correlated to the enhanced wettability of the films produced and the formation of asymmetric surface structure.
Preparation and Optimization of Capsaicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems Using Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Kulpreechanan Narissara , Sorasitthiyanukarn Feuangthit N.
Published: June 2020

Capsaicin (CAP) is a pungent alkaloid of chili peppers that is obtained from chili peppers that has a variety of pharmacological activities and can be used in various areas, such as functional foods, nutritional supplements and medical nutrition. Capsaicin has important anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that allow to be applied as treatment for several diseases. However, its lack of water solubility, as well as its poor oral bioavailability in biological systems, show limiting factors for its successful application. Recently, the formulation of capsaicin for food and pharmaceutical use is limited. Therefore, the present study emphasized on preparation of capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CAP-CSNPs) and design and optimization of the formulation using Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by o/w emulsification and ionotropic gelification. The optimized formulation of capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles had a chitosan concentration of 0.11 (%w/v), a Tween 80® concentration of 1.55 (%w/v) and a CAP concentration of 1 mg/mL and that it should be stored at 4°C. Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology was found to be a powerful technique for design and optimization of the preparation of capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles using limited number of experimental runs. Our study demonstrated that capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles can be potentially utilized as dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and functional foods.
Multi-Criteria Optimization of Dressing Parameters for Surface Grinding 90CrSi Tool Steel Using Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Hong Tran Thi , Cuong Nguyen Van , Ky Le Hong , Nguyen Quoc Tuan , Long Banh Tien , Tung Luu Anh , Nguyen Thanh Tu , Pi Vu Ngoc
Published: June 2020

This paper introduces a study on multi-criteria optimization of the dressing parameters in surface grinding for 90CrSi tool steel. The aim of the study is to minimize the surface roughness, the normal shear force and maximize the grinding wheel life by using Taguchi method and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). This multi-objective optimization is obtained by optimizing four four-level and two two-level dressing parameters in sixteen experiments based on an orthogonal array L16(44×22). From the results of the study, the optimum dressing parameters were proposed. Also, to evaluate the optimum dressing model, an experiment was performed. The results of the comparison between the predicted model and the experiment show that the proposed model has been proven and it can be used for further applying of surface grinding.
Influence of Preparation Methods of TiO2 Nano-Particle on Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Sirichokthanasarp Jittinat , Trinh Dang Trung Tri , Channei Du Ang Dao , Chansaenpak Kantapat , Khanitchaidecha Wilawan , Nakaruk Auppatham
Published: June 2020

The dye-pigments and organic compounds are known as significant pollutants in wastewater of textile industrial. Among of treatment technologies, the photocatalysis using TiO2 nano particles has potential on-site process for removing the dye-pigments and organic compounds, due to no hazardous waste and inexpensive. In this work, the TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by two different methods of hydrothermal and sol-gel. Nanoparticle of TiO2 synthesized by hydrothermal method contained pure anatase phase as similar as the TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method. However, the TiO2 synthesized by hydrothermal method provided the higher specific surface area and pore volume rather than the another TiO2. Further, the high efficiency 86% of methylene blue photodegradation was observed during the by using TiO2 synthesized by hydrothermal method as photocatalyst, whereas the efficiency was only 72% for TiO2 synthesized by sol-gel method.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Investigation of New Al10Cr12Mn28Fe(50-x)Ni(x) High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Abdelghany Ahmed W. , Elkatatny Sally , Gepreel Mohamed Abdel Hady
Published: June 2020

In the present study, two newly developed non-equiatomic high entropy Al10Cr12Mn28Fe(50-x)Ni(x) alloys (x= 20 & 15 at%, namely: Ni20 & Ni15, respectively) are investigated. The studied HEAs were designed based on thermodynamic principles to maintain high ductility and improve strength. Ingots were prepared using arc-melting then microstructure examinations and mechanical properties for the as-cast alloys were done. The mechanical properties were enhanced for the as-cast material, compared with previously introduced HEAs of the same system, namely Al5Cr12Mn28Fe35Ni20, (Al5) and Al10Cr12Mn23Fe35Ni20, (Al10). Al10Cr12Mn28Fe30Ni20 (Ni20) HEA generally shows the highest compressive yield strength which was improved by ∼7% when compared with previously introduced Al10.
A Study on Modelling the Superplastic Behaviour of Ti54M Alloy
Authors: Elrakayby Hosam , Gonzalez Diego , Gomez-Gallegos Ares , Mandal Paranjayee , Zuelli Nicola
Published: June 2020

Superplastic forming is a cost-effective process for manufacturing complex-shaped titanium parts. TIMETAL® 54M (Ti54M) is a titanium alloy that has been commercially available since 2003, however studies on modelling its superplastic behaviour are scarce in the literature. Finite element modelling can be used to enable the manufacturing of complex-shaped parts economically as the number of experimental trials can be reduced. This paper illustrates the implementation of a microstructural-based model to predict the superplastic behaviour of Ti54M alloy during forming at elevated temperature. The parameters of the material model are derived in this work for the Ti54M alloy. A Matlab script has been developed for the calculation and calibration of the material model parameters based on material experimental data. The material model was implemented into the finite element commercial software Abaqus by means of a user-defined subroutine. The finite element calculations take into account also grain size evolution. Finally, a pressure profile was numerically calculated for forming a non-commercial part via superplastic forming targeting optimal conditions for the material.
New Insights into the Immune System Using Dirty Mice
Authors: Hamilton Sara E. , Badovinac Vladimir P. , Beura Lalit K. , Pierson Mark , Jameson Stephen C. , Masopust David , Griffith Thomas S.
Published: June 2020

The mouse (Mus musculus) is the dominant organism used to investigate the mechanisms behind complex immunological responses because of their genetic similarity to humans and our ability to manipulate those genetics to understand downstream function. Indeed, our knowledge of immune system development, response to infection, and ways to therapeutically manipulate the immune response to combat disease were, in large part, delineated in the mouse. Despite the power of mouse-based immunology research, the translational efficacy of many new therapies from mouse to human is far from ideal. Recent data have highlighted how the naive, neonate-like immune system of specific pathogen–free mice differs dramatically in composition and function to mice living under barrier-free conditions (i.e., “dirty” mice). In this review, we discuss major findings to date and challenges faced when using dirty mice and specific areas of immunology research that may benefit from using animals with robust and varied microbial exposure.
Iterative Blade Element Momentum Theory for Predicting Coaxial Rotor Performance in Hover
Authors: Lee Seongkyu , Dassonville Maxime
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a new blade element momentum theory (BEMT) for a coaxial rotor in hover. The new BEMT iteratively solves the upper and lower rotor induced velocities to account for the mutual rotor-to-rotor interaction. The upper rotor induced velocity is affected by the lower rotor
thrust and induced velocity, whereas the lower rotor induced velocity is affected by the upper rotor thrust and induced velocity. Two empirical constants are included in each rotor calculation. This new BEMT provides the performance of each rotor as a function of the rotor separation distance.
The new BEMT is validated with measurement data for two coaxial rotor experiments. The first experiment validates the thrust to power coefficients at a given separation distance. The second experiment validates each rotor's figure of merit, thrust, power, interference loss factors, etc. as
a function of the rotor separation distance. It is shown that the BEMT captures the trends and magnitudes of the performance as a function of the rotor separation distance compared to the measurement data. Detailed radial distributions of aerodynamic properties are also presented at several
separation distances.
Ureteral iliac artery fistula in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: A case report
Authors: Di Grazia Eugenio , La Malfa Tiziana , Gasso Gherardo
Published: June 2020

Ureter-arterial fistula (UAF) is an uncommon condition. The presentation is usually a life-threatening intermittent massive gross hematuria and the diagnosis is still a challenge for urologist. Idiopathic Retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF) is a condition of unknown etiology characterized by a highly fibrotic retroperitoneal mass that frequently causes ureteral obstruction. To our knowledge we report the first case describing the UAF in a patient suffering from IRF. We hypothesize that inflammation and fibrosis resulted in fixation of the ureter to the adjacent artery causing a fistulous path. UAF was managed by deploying a 10 x 59 mm endo-graft at the intersection of common iliac artery bifurcation with the right ureter. Post treatment course was uneventful.
Thrombosis of the posterior scrotal vein associated with essential thrombocytemia: Report of a case
Authors: Solinas Andrea
Published: June 2020

Mondor’s disease is a rare superficial thrombophlebitis of subcutaneous vein and usually occurs in the anterior and lateral chest. Penile Mondor’s disease is a rare condition characterized by superficial thrombophlebitis of the dorsal vein of the penis. We report a rare case of atypical penile Mondor’s disease involved the right posterior scrotal vein, in a patient affected by essential thrombocythemia. A 50-years old man presented with thrombosis of right posterior scrotal vein. He presented with an indurated subcutaneous and painful cord, palpable along the length of the involved vein and located parallel to the urethra in the posterior aspect of the scrotum. It was treated with lowmolecular- weight heparin and resolves without sequelae. The scrotal vein thrombosis is a fairly rare disease.
Geospatial context of social and environmental factors associated with health risk during temperature extremes: Review and discussion
Authors: Wong Man Sing , Ho Hung Chak , Tse Agnes
Published: June 2020

This study reviews forty-six publications between 2008 and 2017 dealing with socio-environmental impacts on adverse health effects of temperature extremes, in a geospatial context. The review showed that most studies focus on extremely hot weather but lack analysis of how spatial heterogeneity across a region can influence cold mortality/morbidity. There are limitations regarding the use of temperature datasets for spatial analyses. Only a few studies have applied air temperature datasets with high spatial resolution to health studies, but none of these studies have used anthropogenic heat as a factor for analysis of health risk. In addition, the elderly is generally recognized as a vulnerable group in most studies, but the interaction between old age and temperature risk varies by location. Other socio-demographic factors such as low income, low education and accessibility to community shelters may also need to be considered in the future. There are only a few studies which investigate the interaction between temperature and air pollution in a geospatial context, despite the fact that this is a known interaction that can influence health risk under extreme weather. In conclusions, although investigation of temperature effects on health risk is already at the “mature stage”, studies of socio-environmental influences on human health under extreme weather in a geospatial context is still being investigated. A comprehensive assessment is required to analyse how the spatial aspects of the geophysical and social environments can influence human health under extreme weather, in order to develop a better community plan and health protocols for disaster preparedness.
FRAGMENTS OF LEBANON: SECTARIANISM AND THE FINANCIAL CRISIS
Authors: Mazzucotelli Francesco
Published: June 2020

L’attuale crisi finanziaria libanese è per molti versi il risultato di un sistema politico clientelare, rivestito di narrazioni e di rivendicazioni confessionali, che ha utilizzato le risorse pubbliche in cambio di un instabile supporto. L’articolo prende in considerazione il default del marzo 2020 nel quadro del dibattito sulla fragilità dello stato libanese e la natura del sistema confessionalista. La fragilità delle istituzioni pubbliche libanesi è stata spesso convenientemente spiegata come l’effetto di fattori esterni, ultimo tra i quali il fardello rappresentato dai rifugiati della guerra civile siriana, o come il risultato delle frammentazioni religiose. L’articolo inquadra la crisi in corso all’intersezione tra il collasso di un sistema neopatrimoniale di rendite legate alle economie del Golfo e la crisi di legittimità delle élites politiche locali. La combinazione di tutti questi fattori esaspera i meccanismi di impoverimento della maggioranza della popolazione, e particolarmente della sua classe media, che rimane esposta a meccanismi confessionali di clientelismo, disciplina e controllo. Il paradosso dell’attuale crisi è che essa sta rafforzando le fondamenta del sistema che è all’origine dei meccanismi di indebitamento e di insostenibilità finanziaria. Dopo essere state messe sotto pressione dalle manifestazioni di piazza negli ultimi mesi del 2019, la pandemia di Covid-19 sta offrendo alle élites politiche la possibilità di riaffermare il proprio controllo egemonico sui propri territori e settori sociali di riferimento.
Longitudinal Examination of Transition to Practice for Graduates of Professional Master's Programs: Socializing Factors
Authors: Singe Stephanie Mazerolle , Bowman Thomas G. , Kilbourne Brianne F. , Barrett Jessica L.
Published: June 2020

Context

Transition to practice is a current topic in athletic training and needs to be explored from a longitudinal perspective. Many athletic training programs and employing organizations are supporting transition to practice, yet little is known about the most common methods. Moreover, transition to practice is an ongoing process that can persist up to a year while current literature draws from snapshots.

Objective

Longitudinally explore the educational and organizational socialization practices used to support transition to practice.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting

Nine higher education institutions.

Patients or Other Participants

Fourteen athletic training students (7 male, 7 female, age = 26 ± 4 years) participated.

Data Collection and Analysis

Participants completed semistructured interviews over the phone 3 times over the course of a 15-month period (before graduation, 4–6 months, and 10–12 months during their first job). All transcribed interviews were analyzed using a general inductive approach. Member checks, multiple analyst triangulation, and peer review were used to ensure trustworthiness.

Results

Two main educational mechanisms were found to support transition to practice; they included (1) mentorship and (2) past experience. Three main organizational mechanisms were identified to support transition to practice: (1) mentorship, (2) orientation to the job, and (3) living the job.

Conclusions

A blend of educational and organizational mechanisms is necessary to help support newly credentialed athletic trainers as they transition into clinical practice. Mentorship is important throughout the process, before and after newly credentialed athletic trainers enter their professional role.
A new bound for smooth spline spaces
Authors: Schenck Hal , Stillman Mike , Yuan Beihui
Published: June 2020

For a planar simplicial complex

\Delta \subseteq \mathbb{R}^2

, Schumaker proves in [22] that a lower bound on the dimension of the space

C^r_k(\Delta)

of planar splines of smoothness

r

and degree

k

on

\Delta

is given by a polynomial

P_\Delta(r,k)

, and Alfeld–Schumaker show in [2] that

P_\Delta(r,k)

gives the correct dimension when

k \ge 4r+1

. Examples due to Morgan–Scott, Tohaneanu, and Yuan show that the equality

C^r_k =P_\Delta(r,k)

can fail for

k \in \{2r, 2r+1\}

. In this note we prove that the equality

C^r_k= P_\Delta(r,k)

cannot hold in general for

k \le (22r+7)/10

.
Perceived resilience capacity of rice farmers to climate change in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwobodo Cynthia Ebere , Eze Love Ginikachukwu , Ohagwu Violet Amarachukwu , Unagwu Benedict Onyebuchi
Published: June 2020

The study determined rice farmers’ perceived resilience capacity to climate change in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 104 respondents for the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interview schedule. Percentage, mean and standard deviation were used in presentation of results. Results showed that areas of rice farmers’ resilience capacity to climate change were: planting improved varieties of seed ( x̄ =4.76), utilisation of soil that retains water longer ( x̄ =3.33), access to very fertile soil for rice production ( x̄ =3.28) and good amount of solar radiation ( x̄ =3.21). However, areas in which respondents’ did not perceive as sources of resilience capacity were: favourable government policies ( x̄ =2.37), good marketing policies ( x̄ =2.57), and access to insurance ( x̄ =2.84). Policies such as crop insurance, appropriate marketing and infrastructural policies that help rice farmers cope with negative effects of climate change be enacted and implemented. Such policies should address issues of marketing and insurance of rice farms against disasters such as flood, drought, diseases and pests’ infestation.

Keywords: Resilience capacity, climate change, adaptation strategies, rice
Analysis of income distribution patterns of broiler farmers in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Anyaegbu C.N. , Ibekwe U.C. , Odii M.A.C.A. , Ehirim N.C. , Chikezie C.
Published: June 2020

This study analyzed the income distribution patterns of broiler farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to disaggregate the broiler  farmers into different scale of production in the study  area; determine the pooled income distribution patterns of broiler farmers in the study area; and to determine the income distribution patterns of broiler farmers across different scale of production. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted, and a total of 9 LGAs were purposively selected from the 3 zones. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting 26small-scale, 9 medium-scale and zero large-scale broiler farmers from Owerri Agricultural Zone for the study. In Orlu, 15 small-scale, 15 medium-scale and 6 large-scale of broiler farmers were selected, while 15 small-scale, 11 medium-scale and 3 large-scale broiler farmers were selected from Okigwe Zone using the same method. This gave a total of 113 broiler farmers selected from the chosen LGA’s in the state. Out of 113 broiler farmers selected for study only a total of 100 responses were retrieved from the field. The survey was conducted between June 2018 to November 2018. Data were collected on the socio-economic variables of the broiler farmers; scale of operation of broiler farmers; cost of broiler production, imputed cost  and income; and revenue from broiler production. Use was made of Gini Coefficient, Lorenz curve, and Decile distribution. The result of this study revealed 3 scale of broiler operation with small-scale having 57%, medium-scale 34%, while large-scale is 9%. The study discovered that income was unequally distributed among the broiler farmers and this was confirmed by Gini coefficient value of 0.58 for small-scale broiler farmers, Gini  coefficient value of 0.68 for medium-scale farmers, Gini coefficient value of 0.83 for the pooled income of broiler farmers across the state and deciledistribution of the pooled income in which 10th decile controls 77.39% of the total income of broiler farmers while 1st decile controls only 0.52% of the total income of broiler farmers. The Lorenz curve confirmed the existence of unequal distribution of income which is a deviation from the line of equality. In contrast, income gap among large-scale broiler farmers is very small, thus the distribution pattern can be regarded as relatively equal with a Gini Coefficient value of 0.25. The result reveals that the income gap among broiler farmers in Imo State is too wide to allow broiler farmers to transition from small-scale operation to large-scale which left majority of them as small-scale farmers.

Keywords: Income distribution, broiler farmers and scale of operation.
Analysis of cocoa processing and marketing in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Ejike R.D. , Chidiebere-Mark N.M.
Published: June 2020

The study analysed Cocoa processing and marketing in Abia State, Nigeria. It specifically assessed the socio-economic characteristics of the cocoa  processors, the structure and conduct of cocoa processors, cost and returns, marketing efficiency and constraints to cocoa processing and marketing in the study area. A total of 120 cocoa processors and marketers were randomly selected from the selected local governments  purposively chosen using a multistage sampling procedure. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from cocoa processors who also engage in marketing of cocoa. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that majority (56.7%) of the processors and marketers were males, with a mean age of 51.35 years, literates (98.3%), married (86.7%), members of cooperative society (75%,), had extension contact (60%) and have a mean household size of 5 persons with 11.2 years processing and marketing experience. Cost and return analysis revealed that cocoa processing and marketing is a profitable venture and the marketers were efficient at their trade. Multiple Regression result revealed that Age, Educational level, household size, were significant variables that influence marketing efficiency of processors and marketers in the study area. Constraints identified include; transportation, spoilage, price fluctuation amongst others. The study recommends among others the provision of infrastructure like modern processing facilities and good road network by government to improve efficiency in processing and marketing of cocoa.

Keywords: Cocoa processing, Cost-return, Efficiency, Marketing