bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM PEDIATRIC BLOOD CULTURE AND THEIR RESPONSE TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors: Omer Sherko
Published: July 2017

Background

The blood stream can be invaded by many bacteria in the course of many infections resulting in bacteremia or septicemia.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify the frequency and the types of bacteria isolated form pediatric blood cultures and identify their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective study on the laboratory reports of blood cultures from pediatric patients attended Sulaimani Pediatric Teaching Hospital during 18 months period.

Results

From 6024 processed blood cultures, 512 cultures yielded positive for growth of bacteria (8.4%). Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest microorganism isolated from both Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and other hospital units. This was followed by Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli in NICU, while in other hospital units Staphylococcus aureus was followed by E. coli and Enterobacter spp.. Salmonella Typhi was isolated from 5.8% of blood cultures. The isolates mostly were resistant to many antimicrobial drugs. Certain antimicrobial agents showed to be more effective such as vancomycin, amikacin and cefaclor while more than 80% of the isolates were resistant to other agents such as ampicillin, oxacillin, carbincillin and ceftriaxone.

Conclusion

Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest bacteria isolated from blood cultures followed by Gram negative Enterobacteriaceae. The isolated bacteria were resistant to many antimicrobial agents while vancomycin andamikacin were found to be more effective than other agents.
SEROPREVALENCE OF CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIAE ANTIBODIES AMONG CHILDREN ADMITTED FOR RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN SULAIMANI PEDIATRIC TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Abdulrahman Alan , Hussain Ali , Othman Nasih , Gubari Mohammed
Published: July 2017

Background The incidence of severe acute respiratory tract infections in children caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae varies greatly from year to year and place to place around the world. Chlamydia pneumoniae, a bacterium that causes respiratory infections, is probably under-diagnosed, it’s of worldwide distribution. The seroprevalence of C. pneumoniae antibody is age dependent. Objectives This study examined the prevalence of C. pneumoniae infections, their clinical manifestations and demographic features in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections. The study also tested two different immunological techniques for detection C. pneumoniae infections. Methods This cross sectional study was carried out in Sulaimani Pediatric teaching hospital. One hundred and twenty seven children aged less than 5 years, hospitalized for respiratory tract infections were enrolled in this study. Serum anti-C. pneumoniae specific IgM and IgG antibodies were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescent assay technique (IFA). The clinical and demographic data were compared between positive C. pneumoniae antibodies and negative C. pneumoniae antibodies. Results Acute C. pneumoniae infections were detected using IgM anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies which were positive in 5 (3.9%) children by ELISA technique and the same result was obtained by IFA technique. IgG anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies were positive in 32 (25.2%) and 33 (25.9%) by ELISA and IFA respectively, the results of the two tests were similar and the differences were statistically not significant. Clinical and demographic data of patients with C. pneumoniae infections were comparable to those of negative IgM anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies. Conclusion C. pneumoniae has a role in children hospitalization with respiratory tract infections in Sulaimani Governorate. ELISA technique is a good alternative for IFA in serological diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infections.
ROLE OF NEUTROPHIL/LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS
Authors: Faraj Faruk , Karim Sherko , Fattah Fattah
Published: July 2017

Background

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdomen. Its accurate diagnosis and immediate surgery are important, because the disease itself and its operation carry a potential risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to detect the role of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio in diagnosis of acuteappendicitis and detection of the severity of the inflammation.

Objectives

The relation between the values of NLR and positive appendectomy and normal appendectomy. The relation between Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and the degree of severity of inflammation in acute appendicitis.

Methods

This prospective study was performed in Emergency Hospital of Slemani from February, 25th, 2012 to November, 29th, 2012 on 200 patients who were admitted with clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis. Data were collected regarding demographical aspects of patients, presentations, pre operative care, investigations including complete blood counts, histopathological examination of the all specimens after surgery.

Results

There were 78(39%) males and 122 females (61%). Male: female ratio was 1:1.25. The age ranges from 5 to 67 years. The mean age of acute appendicitis was 25.94±12.4. Histopathological examination revealed normal appendix in 74 patients. The normal appendectomy rate was (36.7%). The rate of normal appendectomy in females was (43.3%), while among males it was (26.9%). In (85%) of patients with acute appendicitis there were elevated Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) ≥ 3.5 with specificity of (72%), and accuracy of (80%), and Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio was increased with increasing the degree of inflammation.

Conclusion

The Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio is an easy and applicable investigation which can be helpful in diagnosis of acute appendicitis, and detecting the severity of the inflammation.
OUTCOME OF ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY AT KURDISTAN CENTER FOR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY / IRAQ
Authors: Alnajjar Ali , Alkarboly Taha , Ramadhan Ali
Published: July 2017

Background

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has an increasing role in the management of pancreatico-biliary diseases. Local data regarding the use of ERCP are limited.

Objective

To review the indications, interventions and complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Patients and Methods

This retrospective case series was carried out in Kurdistan center for gastroenterology and hepatology in Sulaimani city – Iraq from January 2010 to December 2010. Records of 290 patients were retrospectively evaluated to collect demographic, clinical and procedure related data.

Results

The age range was 3-90 years (mean: 46.5 years), with a female to male ratio of 1.7:1. The most common indications for ERCP were choledocholithiasis (N=118, 40.7%) and pancreatico-biliary tumors (N=98, 33.8%). The mean duration of the ERCP procedure was 30 min (range: 15-45 min). Deep biliary cannulation was successful in 266 patients (91.7%). Endoscopic sphincterotomy was the most common intervention performed (N=224, 84.2%), followed by stenting (N=92, 34.6%). The most common complication was pancreatitis (N=9, 3.1%) followed by bleeding (N=7, 2.4%). No deaths were reported.

Conclusion

Despite its associated morbidity and risk of mortality, ERCP is an important method in managing pancreaticobiliary diseases. Our indications, interventions and complications rates are comparable to those reported in other countries.
URODYNAMIC STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH OVERACTIVE BLADDER AND ITS CORRELATION WITH BLADDER WALL THICKNESS AND BLADDER TRABECULATIONS
Authors: Ameen Ismaeel , Tahir Sarmad , Saeed Saywan
Published: July 2017

Background

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a highly prevalent condition. Urodynamics have long been the only option, and still remain the gold standard, for examining people with OAB complaints and composing an appropriate treatment plan. Alternatives for this invasive, expensive, and time-consuming examination have been explored

Objectives

To review if bladder wall thickness (BWT) and bladder trabeculations could be a more objective and easier measurement that potentially could diagnose overactive bladder.

Patients and Methods

Twenty six patients with overactive bladder underwent an urodynamic study for assessing detrusor muscle activity in Department of Urology at Sulaimaniya Teaching Hospital, from July 2009 to October 2009. Further investigations were performed including ultrasonography of the bladder to determine mean bladder wall thickness and cystourethroscopy for detecting the grade of the bladder trabeculation.

Results

There is no significant correlation between mean bladder wall thickness and bladder trabculations with detrusor action analysis (in filling or voiding phase) of urodynamic study.

Conclusion

We cannot depend on increased mean bladder wall thickness or bladder trabeculations for diagnosis of overactive bladder without urodynamic study.
ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA IN WOMEN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Taha Aza , Al-Salihi Sabria
Published: July 2017

Background

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a problem in women with diabetes mellitus and may lead to urinary tract infection. Escherichia coli remains the single most common bacteria isolated from asymptomatic bacteriuria in women.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence and antibiotics resistance profile of asymptomatic bacteriuria among women with diabetes mellitus, this is important for epidemiological study.

Methods

A total of 600 non-pregnant women with diabetes (type 1 and type 2), and 300 women without diabetes (control group) were screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria. All the women were free from any symptoms of urinary tract infection. Two separate clean catch midstream urine samples were collected, examined microscopically and cultured. Bacteria were isolated and identified using standard bacteriological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using standard disk-diffusion assays.

Results

Asymptomatic bacteriuria was detected in 15.67% of diabetic women (14.33% in type 1 and 17.00% in type 2), and 3.67% in non-diabetic women (P<0.001). Escherichia coli (58.51%) was the most prevalent pathogen isolated in diabetic subjects. Most of the bacteria were resistant to Ceftriaxone (85.11%), Cefixime (73.40%), and Trimethoprim (73.40%).

Conclusion

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is not uncommon among diabetic women and might be added to the list of diabetic complications in these women.
A STUDY OF LUMBAR SPINAL CANAL BY MRI TO EVALUATE THE RISK OF SPINAL CANAL STENOSIS IN CLINICALLY SYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS
Authors: Abdulrahman Shakhawan , Mohammed Naser
Published: July 2017

Background

The study of lumbar spinal canal becomes important in persons with low backache and other related complaints particularly for the diagnosis of spinal canal stenosis.

Objectives

This study aims to measure the mid sagittal diameter of the lumbar spinal canal at the level of L3 and thus evaluating the risk of spinal canal stenosis.

Methods

The study was conducted on 106 kurdish patients complaining of lower backache using a 1.5 Tesla MRI scan in the imaging center of Sulaimani teaching hospital.

Results

The mean midsagittal diameter of bony spinal canal at the level of L3 was 12.32 ± 1.44 mm. About 52% of the patients had normal spinal canal diameter, while about 48% of the patients had a stenosed canal.

Conclusion

Midsagittal diameter of the spinal canal was smaller than what it was found in other populations and thus having a greater risk of spinal canal stenosis.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND BELIEFS AMONG ADULT DIABETICS ATTENDING DIABETIC CONSULTATION CLINIC IN SULAIMANIA
Authors: Khaznadar Amanj , Al–Banna Haitham , Saeed Niga
Published: July 2017

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Providing patients with proper guidance and education would make significant improvement in their life-style.

Objectives

To determine the level and finding the correlation of diabetes-related knowledge, attitude, practice and belief.

Methods

Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 332 diabetic patients at Diabetes clinic in Sulaimania city, from the 15th April to the 15th March 2010. During the interviews a questionnaire was filled including demographic, patients’ medical background, diabetes-related knowledge, attitude, practice and belief specific questions. SPSS version 15 was used for data analysis.

Results

Higher knowledge score was associated with younger age, higher educational level, office workers, positive family history, longer duration of diabetes, having received information, insulin use and regular pattern of follow up (p<0.05). Significant association was found between attitude and younger age, regular pattern of follow up and no dyslipidemia. Better practice score was associated with illiterate educational level, longer duration of diabetes (p<0.001) and on both insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs (p<0.02). There was a significant association (p<0.001) between better belief scores and higher level of education, office workers and longer duration of diabetes. Weak correlations but significant found between knowledge and attitude, practice, and belief(p<0.001), while very weak and not significant correlation found between attitude, practice and belief (p>0.05).

Conclusions

The overall knowledge was good, while diabetes-related attitude, practice and belief were poor. A better educational program on diabetes should be conducted to improve patients’ attitude, practice and belief towards diabetes using mass media and strengthen health education in all health centers.
OUTCOME OF RHOMBOID FLAP AND Z-PLASTY IN PILONIDAL SINUS SURGERY
Authors: Salih AbdulWahid , Ghalib Hawar , Ismael Diary , Gubari Mohammed , Hassan Karzan , Aziz Masrur
Published: July 2017

Background

There are controversies about the etiology and management of pilonidal sinus. The numbers of techniques are testament in treating pilonidal sinus (PNS) and no single procedure is superior in all aspects.

Objectives

The Purpose of this study was to evaluate two operative procedures regarding its complications including recurrences of the disease.

Methods

The medical records of 40 patients in whom the Rhomboid Flap and Z-Plasty techniques were applied for reconstruction after the excision were evaluated retrospectively.

Results

The incidence rates of postoperative hematoma 1 (2.5%), wound infection 3 (7.5%), seroma 1 (2.5%), sinus formation 1 (2.5%) and neurological symptoms 17 (42.5%) activities were achieved after a mean of 21.20 days. During the average follow-up of 24 months, three patients (7.5%) developed recurrent disease.

Conclusion

Rhomboid flap and Z-plasty technique are flattening of the natal cleft, thus reducing local recurrence rates. Hence, we recommend use of flap technique for pilonidal sinus patients; Z-plasty is cosmetically more accepted as it has less postoperative complication.
IDENTIFICATION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TECHNIQUE: PERFORMANCE STUDY AND COMPARISON WITH ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY
Authors: Salih Gaza , Ali Kameran
Published: July 2017

Background

Diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is routinely based on the serological assay of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detection. However, detection of HBV DNA has been documented from HBsAg negative samples. Occult hepatitis B virus infection is generally defined as the detection of HBV DNA in the serum or tissues of subjects who have negative test for HBsAg.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the rate of occult HBV infection among HBsAg negative subjects and the introducing of PCR as a diagnostic tool for HBV.

Methods

Serum samples from thalassemic patients and blood donors, previously tested for HBsAg by ELISA technique, were examined for the presence of HBV DNA by PCR in Kurdistan Technology and Scientific Research Establishment Center. PCR has been used due to its high specificity and sensitivity.

Results

HBV DNA was detected in 11 (100%) thalassemic patients, who had detectable HBsAg while from 29 HBsAg negative blood samples, 7 samples (24.14%) were positive between PCR and ELISA tests in detecting HBV markers. Statistically, ELISA had showed (61%) sensitivity when compared to PCR technique in detecting PCR positive HBV DNA sera samples. However, it showed (100%) specificity in detecting PCR negative HBV-DNA samples. Furthermore, no significant association was observed according to sex effects on the incidence of HBV infection.

Conclusions

These results indicated that HBV DNA was observed in HBsAg negative patients. In addition, the present study showed that using of PCR in detection of the virus in patient’s samples is more sensitive than the ELISA assay.
A CASE OF BICKERSTAFF’S BRAINSTEM ENCEPHALITIS IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: Salih Khalid
Published: July 2017

Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis is characterized by acute progressive ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and disturbance of consciousness. It is similar to Miller Fisher syndrome, a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome, because they have some features in common like; ophthalmoplegia and ataxia. The difference is that patients with Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis have impaired consciousness and hyperreflexia while patients with Miller Fisher syndrome have alert consciousness and areflexia.

Here, we present a case 4 year and 3 month old girl with abrupt onset ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and disturbed consciousness, her brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was normal, cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed albuminocytological dissociation, and Nerve conduction study is suggestive of Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating-axonal motor polyneuropathy (AIDP). She has been treated successfully with steroid with complete recovery within two months.
RENAL LIPOMATOSIS
Authors: Yasseen Hadeel , Rashed Aso
Published: July 2017

Replacement lipomatosis is thought to be a spectrum of degenerative process. The mildest form is called renal sinus lipomatosis and is usually associated with obesity, atherosclerosis or use of exogenous steroids and it has no clinical significance, while renal replacement lipomatosis is associated with long-standing inflammation and calculi as in this case. The current case report highlights the benefit of imaging techniques for suggesting this condition since early diagnosis and relieving calyceal obstruction can improve renal function and hopefully prevent progressive cortical atrophy while deficient techniques and reports may end with impaired renal function and unfortunately subsequent nephrectomy.
COMPLICATIONS AFTER SURGERY FOR INVASIVE BREAST CANCER: COHORT STUDY
Authors: Ghalib Hawar Hasan Ali Ghalib
Published: July 2017

Background 

Mastectomy or wide local excision, and axillary clearance remain standard management option for majority of patients with breast cancer.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency and pattern of complications following breast cancer surgery in our practice with comparison to results of international publications.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective descriptive study included 90 patients who underwent Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM), Wide Local Excision (WLE), or Sentinel Lymph Node biopsy (SLN) at Sulaimani city by the author, which were eligible according to inclusion criteria. The interviews were conducted to collect data and record the information on the structured proforma questionnaire. Some information was extracted from patients’ medical records in the hospitals

Results

Out of 90 patients, 63 (70%) of patients had seroma formation, 21 (23.2%) of them had lymphoedema, 16 (17.8%) of them were suffered from early or delayed upper arm pain, and in 4 (4.4%) of them wound infection was noticed.

Conclusion

Seroma is the most common complication of surgery for breast cancer whereas, lymphoedema is the second most common, followed by upper arm pain, and then wound infection.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH MOBILE PHONES IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Majid Bayan , Fathi Narmeen , Omer Sherko
Published: July 2017

Background 
Mobile phones are one of common inanimate objects that come in contact with human hands and hence host several types of bacteria.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify the types of bacteria present on the surfaces of mobile phones in a sample of people from Sulaimani city.
Materials and Methods
This is a cross sectional study on bacterial isolation from mobile phones surfaces. After collecting data concerning the phones and their users, swab samples were obtained from phone surfaces and immediately streaked on bacteriological media. Isolated microorganisms were identified based on culture and colony characteristics, biochemical activity and Vitek® 2 identification system.
Results
Out of 400 mobile phone samples, 272 (68%) swabs showed growth of one or more microorganisms. A total of 322 microorganisms were identified, the most common isolated bacteria was Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) species followed by Bacillus and Micrococcus species. Few pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogens, Staphylococcus aureus and enteric microorganisms were also isolated.
Conclusion
Mobile phones are one of the frequently used gadgets that are contaminated by many types of bacteria from human contact. The types of the bacteria on their surface reflect those on human hand which can vary according to the hand hygiene.
CORRECTION OF WHISTLE DEFORMITY BY BILOBED MUCOSAL FLAP TECHNIQUE IN UNILATERAL CLEFT LIP
Authors: Qader Ari , Hassan Hawree , Abdulmajid Dana
Published: July 2017

Background 

The whistle deformity is one of the common sequelae of secondary cleft lip deformities. It is often accompanied by asymmetric upper lip thickness and insufficient vermilion tubercle. The bilobed mucosal flap was described by Song Tao. To correct these deformities in a single stage, we have used the same technique in our study and combined with other procedure to correct wider array of secondary cleft lip deformities.

Objectives

To evaluate the reliability and versatility of bilobed mucosal flap in reconstruction of whistle deformity, insufficient tubercle and lateral vermilion redundant.

Methods

Nine patients with whistling deformities were included in our study. Their ages ranged from 5-34 year. All cases were corrected by bilobed mucosal flap, which consist of two lobes The first lobe located at the oral mucosa of the lateral affected lip side, used to correct whistle deformity and augmenting the tubercle. The second lobe elevated from the lateral vermilion mucosa on the affected side and used to repair the oral mucosal defect, at the same time it decreases the excess on the lateral side.

Results

Minimum follows up was 6 month. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic outcomes. In all of the patients, whistle deformity were corrected, tubercle augmented and more symmetric vermilion appearance were achieved. Major complications (necrosis of mucosal flap, infection and recurrence of whistling deformity) did not occur in any of the patient.

Conclusion

A bilobed mucosal flap is a safe and simple procedure, effectively performed to correct combined secondary deformities after primary cheleoplasty in unilateral cleft lip patient. It can be combined with other procedures to revise upper lip scar, repair muscular diastases, and correction of severe whistle deformity.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA: A HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY IN SULAIMANI
Authors: Ameen Nian
Published: July 2017

Background 
Esophageal Atresia (AE) is a sporadic unpreventable birth defect, consisting of lack of continuity between the upper and lower esophageal pouches, with prevalence rate 1-5/10 000.
Objective
The aim of this study is to describe some epidemiologic data on esophageal atresia, estimating it’s prevalence in Sulaimani province, and characterizing the cases with regards to age at presentation, gender, gestational age, pathological classification, associated anomalies, postoperative complication, and mortality rate.
Methods
This study extended from June 2006 to December 2014, in which 100 patients with esophageal atresia were managed in Pediatric Surgical Unit of Sulaimani Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani province.
Results
The total number of cases was 100 patients (61 males and 39 females), the mean gestational age was (37) weeks, and 56% had birth weight > 2500 gm. The most common type was [EA] with [TEF] (92%), thirty two percent presented between 3-7 days of age. Sixty percent of the patients developed postoperative complications; the overall birth prevalence rate in Sulaimani was 4.7 cases per10 000 live birth. The mortality rate was (69%).
Conclusion
Esophageal Atresia is a rare disease in Sulaimani, with the most common type being Esophageal Atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula. Unlike other studies, in the age of presentation, those presented after the first week, had higher survival rate.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON LUNGS OF BALB/C MICE EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS AND HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS
Authors: Hassan Ali , Aziz Tariq , Bayati Ali
Published: July 2017

Background 

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are responsible for a high percentage of pediatric medical admissions and considered major causes of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries.

Objective

To investigate histopathological findings in lungs of BALB/c mice exposed to intranasal inoculation with human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus.

Materials and Methods

Thirty six BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups (9 mice/group) as follows, Group 1 mice inoculated by viral transport medium (VTM) treated with nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) obtained from children positive for HRSV; group 2 mice inoculated by VTM treated with NPS obtained from children positive for the HMPV;

group 3 mice inoculated by sterile VTM and group 4 mice were free of inoculation. The mice were sacrificed using inhalation anesthesia and their lungs were excised and undergone histopathological processes to prepare tissue sections for microscopic examination.

Results

Frequency rates of NPS positive for HMPV and HRSV were relatively high but they coincide with the reported incidences of HMPV and HRSV infections among children worldwide. An intense inflammatory response was observed in HRSV-inoculated mice represented mainly by infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the perivascular and peribronchiolar areas associated with alveolar distortion and bronchiolar epithelial sloughing and also associated with syncytium formation within the epithelial tissue in two mice. On the other hand, HMPV-inoculated mice showed a less intense mononuclear inflammatory response in the perivascular and peribronchiolar areas associated with bronchiolar epithelial sloughing, slight deposition of edematous fluid within the interalveolar septa and distortion of alveolar tissue.

Conclusion

The direct fluorescent assay (DFA) showed high frequency rates of HRSV and HMPV infection among children admitted to the Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Al Sulaimaniyah city and the histopathological examination of the lungs of mice exposed to intranasal inoculation with HRSV revealed an intense mononuclear inflammatory response, alveolar tissue distortion, bronchiolar epithelial sloughing and syncytium formation compared to less intense mononuclear inflammatory response in lungs of HMPV-inoculated mice.
HUGE UMBILICAL HERNIA WITH SKIN ULCERATION AND BOWEL PROTRUSION IN A PATIENT WITH MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Arif Sarmad
Published: July 2017

Background 

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a rare inherited storage disease caused by defect or absence of a lysosomal enzymes that result in systemic deposition of MPS recently called glycosaminoglycans (GAG) with development of a spectrum of diseases of different presentations and severity. Hurler disease is a subtype of (MPS I) caused by α L-iduronidase enzyme deficiency in the lysosomes.

A thirteen-year-old female mentally retarded patient, short stature with multiple congenital abnormalities admitted to Sulaimaniyah emergency hospital in the Kurdistan of Iraq. She had a huge irreducible umbilical hernia with ulceration and protrusion of the omentum and small bowel from the hernia sac diagnosed after

admission as Hurler syndrome. She was treated successfully as an emergency case and the patient discharged well following a challenging operation.
Type and Concentration Effects of some Active Ingredients on the Performance of Bentonite Lubricant Grease
Authors: Abd-Alghani Mohammad , Sherhan Bashir
Published: July 2017

Optimization study was carried out on the materials used in preparation of lubricant grease

prepared from bentonite. This study included the selection of the optimum type and percent of

quaternary ammonium salts to convert the bentonite from hydrophilic to organophilic; tetraethyl

ammonium chloride and tetraethyl ammonium bromide were used for this purpose. It was seen that

the quaternary ammonium chloride gave the best results because of the high tendency of calcium

ion to react with chloride ion than that with bromide ion; over more it gave a less swelling.

The effect of treated bentonite added in different percentage on the penetration point, NLGI

(National Lubricating Greases Institute number), drop point, and water resistance of the prepared

grease was studied. It was seen that by increasing the percentage of added organophilic bentonite

with the prepared grease caused a decrease in the penetration point which is correspond to increase

in the consistency of stiffness of grease. These results were in agreement with the NLGI

classification system. It was noticed that by increasing the percentage of added organophilic

bentonite in the prepared grease caused an increase in the dropping point and in the degree of

water resistance.
Effect of Soil Application of Zinc Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Wheat at Bakrajow and Kanypanka locations in Sulaimani Governorate.
Authors: Mam-Rasul Ghafoor , Mustafa Banaz , Ahmad Kamil
Published: July 2017

This study was conducted during growing season of 2010 - 2011, to study the effect of four

levels of Zinc as Zn- EDTA ( 0, 20, 40, 60 kg Zn ha-1) on growth traits and yield of wheat variety

ovanto at two different agricultural locations ( Bakrajow and Kanypanka) using Randomized

Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with three replicates. The results showed that the increase in rates

of Zn causes an increase in grain yield, grain zinc content and zinc uptake by plant, from both of

locations. However the results showed that the relative yield was decreased with increasing of zinc

application rate from both of locations.
Theoretical Calculation of Different Ion Surface Interaction Parameters of Si Target
Authors: Ali Sarwar , Saeed S.
Published: July 2017

Longitudinal projected range, energy losses, and sputtering yield are calculated of silicon

target that bombarded with inert ion gases such as He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe using SRIM package.

Obtained results show increasing of longitudinal projected range with ion energy and decreasing

with incident ion mass. The energy losses originated by the nuclear and electronic depending on ion

ranges, generally at low ion energy the nuclear stopping power is dominated in comparison with the

electronic stopping power, and the range of domination varies with changing ion species. Further,

the sputtering yield founded, increasing with ion energy up to maximum value then tending to

decrease, as well as it increases with increasing ion incident angle and decreases with decreasing ion

mass.
AnalyzingNB, DT and NBTree Intrusion Detection Algorithms
Authors: Mahmood Deeman , Hussein Dr. Mohammed
Published: July 2017

This work implements data mining techniques for analysing the performance of Naive Bayes,

C4.5 Decision Tree, and the hybrid of these two algorithms the Naive Bayes Tree (NBTree). The

goal is to select the most efficient algorithm to build a network intrusion detection system (NIDS).

For our experimental analysis we used the new NSL-KDD dataset, which is a modified dataset of

the KDDCup 1999 intrusion detection benchmark dataset, with a split of 66.0% for the training set

and the remainder for the testing set. In the testing process Weka has been used, which is a Java

based open source framework consisting of a collection of machine learning algorithms for data

mining applications. In terms of accuracy the experimental results show that the hybrid NBTree is

more precise than the other two approaches and the decision tree is better than the Naive Bayes

algorithm. Otherwise, in terms of speed of response the Naive Bayes outperform the other two

algorithms followed by Decision Tree and NBTree, respectively.
Water Quality Index (WQI) Of Some Wells Located In The Region Of Kani Goma And Kanasura In Sulaimani Governorate
Authors: HamaSalh Nizar
Published: July 2017

A Water Quality Index (WQI) is a useful statistical tool for simplifying, reporting and

interpreting complex information obtained from any body of water. A simple number given by

any WQI model explains the level of water contamination. This study is carried out by using

twelve ecological parameters in evaluating the quality of the ground water for drinking usage,

by choosing four sampling sites in Kanasura and Kanigoma district located in Sulaimani city

during 15 July, 2013 to 1 September 2013. The sampling was repeated after 15 days and the

present study is spread over a period of two months of summer season. The present study aimed

to calculate water quality index (WQI) by the analysis of twelve physico-chemical parameters on

the basis of Weighted Arithmetic Index in order to assess the suitability of water for drinking

purposes and other human uses. These physico-chemical parameters like Electrical

Conductivity (EC), Turbidity, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+) , 

Total Hardness as CaCO3, Nitrate (NO3-_N), Nitrite, (NO2-_N), Sulfate (SO4 2-), Chloride(Cl-), 

and Phosphate (PO43-_P). The observed values of these physico-chemical parameters were compared 

with WHO standards. The results showed that water quality varied from good water

to poor water range.
A Generalization of Epiform Modules
Authors: Hamaali Payman
Published: July 2017

In this paper we introduce a generalization of epiform modules. A module M is called an

f epiform  module if every proper finitely generated submodule of M is a corational

submodule of M. Also we investigate some basic properties of this type of modules. We studied

some relationships between this type of modules and some other modules.
Microfacies and depositional environment of theAsmari Formation of the Bandar-pol anticline, Zagros Basin, South of Iran
Authors: Hashmie A. , Najafie A. , Rezaei P. , Ghorbanie M.
Published: July 2017

The Asmari Formation (Oligocene-Miocene), a thick carbonate succession of shallow-

water carbonates of the intrashelf basin deposits of Zagros Mountains, has been studied to

determine its microfacies and paleoenvironments. In the study area (Bandar-pol anticline), the

Asmari Formation is subdivided into nine microfacies that are distinguished by petrographic

analysis on the basis of their depositional textures and fauna. Consequently, five major

depositional environments were identified in the formation. Based on the paleoecology and

lithology, five distinct depositional settings can be recognized: tidal flat (MF1), lagoon (MF2-3-

4), shoal (MF5), restricted (MF6) and open marine (MF7-8-9). Based on the environmental

interpretations, a ramp consisting of inner and middle parts prevails.
Different Types of Three-Term CG-Methods with Sufficient Descent and Conjugacy Conditions
Authors: Al-Bayati Abbas , Al-Khayat Hawraz
Published: July 2017

It is very important to generate a descent search direction independent of line searches in

showing the global convergence of conjugate gradient methods. Recently, Zhang et al. proposed

a three-term of PR method (TTPR) and HS method (TTHS), both of which can produce

sufficient descent condition. In this paper, we treat two subjects: we first consider new unified

formula of three-term CG algorithm, second we suggested new scaled three-term algorithm

based on Birgin-Martínez algorithm and which satisfied both the descent and conjugacy

conditions are proposed. This algorithms are modification of the Hestenes-Stiefel and Birgin-

Martínez algorithms, also the algorithms could be considered as a modification of the

memoryless BFGS quasi-Newton method. Our algorithms can proved the global convergence

property and more efficiently than HS and BM algorithms in numerical results.
Presentation Ideals in Locally Multiplications Modules
Authors: Jabbar Adil
Published: July 2017

In this paper, presentation ideals in locally multiplication modules are studied. It is known

that if is a multiplication module and are submodules of , then and, for ideals of and the product 

, is defined as . We generalize this concept to locally multiplication modules and we prove

 that under certain conditions some results that concerning presentation ideals in multiplication 

modules can be generalized to locally multiplication modules.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cutting Treatments on Forage and Its Components of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) in Sulaimani Region
Authors: Aziz Omer
Published: July 2017

This investigation was conducted for two successive years (2009 and 2010) in the Qliassan

Agriculture Research Station, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Sulaimani, to study the

effect of Nitrogen fertilizer (0 , 20 , and 40 kg N/ha) and two cutting treatment (Clipping the crop

once and twice) on the characters of plant height, number of tillers/ plant, fresh and dry leaf %,

fresh and dry stem %, dry matter% , green and dry weight/plant, leaf dry weight , stem dry weight,

and fresh and dry forage yield for pearl millet. Results indicated the presence of significant effect of

nitrogen fertilizer on dry leaf% at the first season, and on plant height and number of tillers/plant

at the second season and average of both seasons, and also on characters fresh weight/plant, and

dry/weight/plant dry leaf yield, forage yield at the second season and dry leaf yield and fresh forage

yield only for the average of both seasons. Concerning cutting treatments on studied characters for

both seasons and average of two seasons, results indicated the out-yielding the treatment of two cut

in plant height, fresh and dry steam% dry steam yield fresh forage yield , dry forage yield. While

the treatment of one cut out-yielded two cuts in fresh and dry leaf% in which there are no

significant effect of cutting on dry matter%, dry leaf yield. Concerning to the interaction effect

between the two factor levels, the results of combine analysis indicate non significant effect on all

characters except of plant height, fresh weight/plant in the average of both seasons, and dry leaf

yield in the second season.
Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase gene production by E. coli isolated from human and broiler in Sulemania province/ Iraq
Authors: Saeed Nahla
Published: July 2017

A total of 311 Escherichia coli isolated from 460 healthy chickens at marketing age, and

56 E. coli isolated were obtained from 124 adult workers in broiler farms between April and

October 2013 -. Isolated E. coli were identified by cultural, biochemical, and Api E 20 test.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by using the modified Kirby-Bauer’s disc

diffusion method. The antibiotic sensitivity result showed that the isolates were highly resistant

to Beta-lactam antibiotics. Among the 311 isolated E. coli from healthy chickens 264 (84.9%)

produced Beta-lactamase, while only 35 (62. 5%) of the 56 human isolates were found to

produce the enzyme. All of the 264 β-lactamase producer E. coli isolated from healthy chickens

and 35 β-lactamase producer E. coli isolated from human were tested for extended spectrum -

β-lactamase (ESBL) production, it was found that only 201 (76.1%) and 19 (54.3%), were

ESBL producers of E. coli isolated from healthy chickens and human respectively. Plasmids

were detected in all ESBL producer- E. coli (201) isolated from healthy chickens, which were

highly resistant to Beta-lactam antibiotics, while plasmid was detected only in 15 (78.9%) from

19 ESBLs producer E. coli isolated from human. By transformation the extracted plasmids into

E. coli DH5α; it was found that 165 (82.1%) Beta-lactamase genes from 201 isolates from

healthy chickens were carried by plasmid, while 10 (66.6%) Beta-lactamase genes from 15

plasmid isolated from human were carried by plasmid. The majority of these ESBL genes

(69.7%) were blaTEM and (10.9%) were blaCTX-M genes in healthy chickens, while in human the

majority of ESBL genes were (60%) blaTEM and (20. %) were blaCTX-M genes. Eleven isolated

from healthy chickens and one isolated from human did not contain blaTEM, blaSHV or blaCTX-M.
Allelopathic Potential of Aerial and Root Extracts of Alfalfa Against Germination and Seedling Related Traits of Four Weed Species.
Authors: Rasool Abdulsalam
Published: July 2017

In this study, we investigated the effect of aerial and root water extract of Alfalfa

(Medicago sativa) plant on seed germination and seedling growth of four weed species. This

study was carried out in the phytochemistry laboratory/Faculty of Agricultural Sciences/Sulaimani

University. Factorial experiment conducted in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3

replications, including five concentrations 2,4,6,8 and 10 g of aerial and root dry tissues of alfalfa

(Medicago sativa L.) plants per 100ml of MeOH 70% v/v, against germination and seedling growth

of four problematic weeds, which widely distributed in wheat fields, namely cephalaria (Cephalaria

syriaca L.), rye grass (Lolium perenne L.), bitter vetch (Lathyrus linifolius L.) and black mustard

(Brassica nigra L.). Results of experiment showed that extracts from dry tissue of aerial and root

parts of alfalfa greatly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of weeds at all

concentrations compared to water control. Root extracts had the higher allelopathic potential

toward imbibitions and germination of weeds compared to aerial extracts. Root extract reduced

imbibitions by 61, 54, 61, 54 % and caused germination inhibition I%, by 51, 37, 34, and 47 % in

cephalaria, rye grass, bitter vetch and black mustard respectively. Aerial extracts, significantly

reduced hypocotyls, radicle length and dry weight compared to root extracts. The reduction of

seedling traits of cephalaria, rye grass, bitter vetch and black mustard respectively due to aerial

extracts compared to water control were 52, 52, 32, 35% hypocotyls length reduction, 41, 44, 33,

48% radicle length reduced, 58, 61, 64, 76% hypocotyls dry weight losses and 60, 57, 58, 77% were

losses in radicle dry weight. Allelopathicity increased for aerial and root tissues with increase in

concentrations and the greatest inhibition was 80% equally for imbibitions and I%, which obtained

by 10g dry root tissue per 100 ml MeOH extract occurred in cephalaria, while 10 g dry aerial tissues

per 100 ml MeOH extracts shows the highest inhibition percentages of hypocotyls length by 78% in

rye grass, radicle length by 79% in cephalaria, hypocotyls dry weight and radicle dry weight by

90% both in black mustard.
Phylogenic Analysis and Molecular Characterization of Slemani/Kurdistan/2013 Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Shows Circulation of New Genotype in Iraq
Authors: Rashid Peshnyar , Marouf Ari , Raheem Zhino , Babashekh Muhamad
Published: July 2017

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Iraq. There were no much informations

about FMD genotypes in Iraq. In this study, FMD type A virus was identified by RT-PCR from

a cow in Kurdistan region. Viral protein1 (VP1) was amplified, sequenced and published in

National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank as Slemani/Kurdistan/2013.

VP1 nucleic acid and amino acid sequence of Slemani/Kurdistan/2013 was comparatively

analysed with all previously published Iraqi FMDV type A sequences available in NCBI Gen

Bank from 1964 to 2013. The result indicated that Slemani/Kurdistan/2013 had 10 amino acid

residues in immunogenic VP1 region, which were not present in other Iraqi FMD isolates.

Furthermore, sequence alignment of Slemani/Kurdistan/2013 showed the amino acid identity

ranged from 83 % to 93%, and the nucleotide identity ranged from 69% to 93% with other

Iraqi FMDV type A isolates. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the identified field isolate

differed from the other Iraqi subtype and could be placed in distinct sub lineages. It can be

concluded that new genotype was circulated in Iraq. Therefore, monitoring the emergence of

new FMDV strains in Iraq is important to enable appropriate vaccines selection.
Construction of control charts by using Fuzzy Multinomial -FM and EWMA Chart “Comparative study"
Authors: Rashid Kawa , Haydar Suzan
Published: July 2017

The control chart is a graphical tool for monitoring the activities of a manufacturing process.

It plays a vital role in Statistical Process Control (SPC). These charts help us to take correct

decisions. The use of statistical methods in statistical quality control has a long history. The P-

chart plays the important role in controlling the fraction of nonconforming article produced.

The use of fuzzy has an effective role with inaccurate data. Great efforts have been made in the

direction of combining the Quality Control with fuzzy concept. Therefore; Fuzzy control chart

are connecting link between fuzzy logic and Quality Control technique, the goal of this

connection is to combine the advantage of both disciplines in order to process deal with linguistic

concepts and classified each item in more than two categories such as bad, medium, good, very

good and excellent.

This paper presents an extension of standard control chart to deal with linguistic categories

and the variable sampling size (VSS), it is named as fuzzy multinomial charts (FM-chart), and

we illustrate this approach by numerical example. This paper is comparing FM-chart with the

conventional p – chart and EWMA Control Chart. It is seen that FM chart with VSS performs

better than the conventional charts, this method is more sensitive, accurate and more economic

for assisting decision maker to control the operation system as early time, especially when there

is a change in sample sizes.
Vaccines against Ovine Toxoplasmosis: History, Advances and Current status
Authors: Sulaiman Rawaz
Published: July 2017

Toxoplasmosis is a common and wide spread global disease, caused by a protozoan parasite,

Toxoplasma gondii. The condition afflicts both animal and human, causing abortion and congenital

defects. Hence, it is of a huge veterinary and medical concern. With on-going researches, the

mechanism of the disease is better appreciated nowadays. Developing a vaccine for veterinary use,

more precisely for sheep will not only gain economic advantages, but it will also bring insight into

discovering one for human use as well. Until now, the only available commercial vaccine in sheep is

based on the attenuated T.gondii strain S48, known as Toxovac®, but the vaccine is only capable to

provide a short immunity. Additionally, it is expensive and inappropriate to be applied in human. In

recent years, different experimental studies have demonstrated the probability of developing a new

vaccine. This paper tries to highlight the history of discovering the first commercial vaccine against

toxoplasmosis in sheep, along with recent advances in the field and shining a light to the current

status of vaccine trials.