bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A CASE STUDY OF VILLAGE FUND MANAGEMENT IN MADURA: A FOUCAULDIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Anggono Alexander
Published: December 2020

The village fund was introduced in 2014 to stimulate development in villages all over Indonesia.  However, the special task force of the village fund in the mid of 2017 solely had received 10,000 complaints regarding suspicion of misuse of the village fund, which resulted in 200 village officials end up in jail. Therefore, this study is to explore many aspects affecting the processes of planning and establishing of village budget in a village located at Madura.     A qualitative approach is applied in this study to enable researchers to explore many aspects of the management of the village fund.  The findings of this study indicate that the Musrenbangdes as a tool in the planning stage were intervened by the head of the village without considering the interests of local society. Consequently, development proposals contained in the Musrenbangdes, which later were elaborated in the RPJMDesa as mid-term programs and the RKPDesa as short-term programs, were determined by the head of the village and his officials. Meanwhile, the head of the village is not equipped to handle the planning and budgeting process of the village fund.  Hence, the head of the village placed his right-hand man as a coordinator to manage the village fund, resulting in a lack of transparency in the management of the fund.
Kebijakan Dan Implementasi Strategi Anti-Fraud: Studi pada PT. Bank UOB Indonesia
Authors: Asmara Fransiska Tarasita , Riduan Akhmad , Priyadi Maswar Patuh
Published: December 2020

Berdasarkan banyak kasus fraud yang dialami PT Bank UOB Indonesia, maka penerapan strategi anti-fraud pada PT Bank UOB Indonesia mengacu kepada implementasi kebijakan-kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh PT Bank UOB Indonesia dalam rangka meminimalkan kasus fraud. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebijakan dan implementasi strategi anti-fraud pada PT Bank UOB Indonesia. Objek dari penelitian ini adalah Divisi Integrated Fraud Management. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kualitatif studi kasus dan menggunakan teknik analisis data Miles and Huberman. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi berperan serta (participant observation), wawancara mendalam (in depth interview) dan dokumentasi. Pemilihan narasumber dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling, dimana narasumber dipilih dengan pertimbangan dan tujuan tertentu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan dan implementasi strategi Anti-Fraud Sudah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan Surat Edaran Bank Indonesia No.13/28/DPNP tanggal 9 Desember 2011 tentang Penerapan Strategi Anti-Fraud bagi Bank Umum, namun masih terdapat kekurangan yang disebabkan oleh kendala dalam implementasinya yaitu kurangnya kesadaran pegawai untuk melaporkan semua indikasi kecurangan, rotasi pegawai yang sangat minim, seringnya informasi akan adanya surprise audit tidak dapat dirahasiakan, serta pola rekruitmen yang diterapkan oleh PT Bank UOB Indonesia tidak menyertakan materi tentang kesadaran fraud.
Characteristics and outcomes of family practice patients with COVID-19: A case series from Montreal
Authors: Dzieciolowska Stefania , Ravi Oumeet , Grad Roland
Published: December 2020

Background: The clinical history and outcomes of COVID-19 among people not hospitalized is not yet well characterized. To better inform clinical evaluation, we set out to characterize the natural history of COVID-19 in primary health care. Methods: Case series of all patients rostered to physicians at a university-affiliated Family Medicine clinic. Cases met the Center for Disease Control (CDC) definition of COVID-19 disease. Results: 89 patients meeting CDC criteria for COVID-19 disease were documented from March 1 to May 21, 2020. Their average age was 55.6 (range 6 to 95) years, and all but one was symptomatic. 57 cases (64%) had a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, of whom 77.2% tested positive. 30 cases (33.7%) reported contact with a confirmed or probable case of COVID-19. Based on the Charlson Comorbidity Index, 28 (31.5%) cases had no comorbid conditions. The median number of days from symptom onset to first PCR test was 6 days [Interquartile range 2.3 to 11 days]. The median duration of fever was 3.5 days [Interquartile range 1 to 7 days]. 24 cases (27%) visited the Emergency Department (ED) and 10 were admitted to hospital. The median number of days between symptom onset and first ED visit was 8 days [Interquartile range 3.5 to 27 days]. Conclusions: At the start of this pandemic, the implementation of basic public health measures such as diagnostic testing and contact tracing were delayed. If we are to improve our control over the spread of COVID-19, we will need to substantially reduce the time from symptom onset to diagnostic testing, and subsequent contact tracing. To minimize unnecessary ED visits, we propose a testable strategy for Family Medicine to engage with COVID-19 patients in the acute phase of their illness.
Psychometric properties of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale-Persian version (TPDS-P)
Authors: Pishahang Solmaz , Hakimi Sevil , Vatankhah Solmaz , Ghaffarifar Saeideh , Ranjbar Fatemeh
Published: December 2020

Background Given the importance of screening pregnant women’s distress, it was intended to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS-P) for screening pregnancy distress.Methods This methodological study was conducted with participation of 360 pregnant women. The TPDS was translated into Persian. Factor analysis was used to investigate the construct validity. The results of the correlation test between the two questionnaires DASS-21 and TPDS-P were used to determine the criterion validity. Internal consistency of the items was calculated by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Stability of the results was examined by test-retest method. To examine the structure of the factors derived from exploratory factor analysis, fitness of the model was done through confirmatory factor analysis. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.Results KMO outcomes were 0.846 (p = 0.001). 16 items of TPDS-P accounted for 51.42 percent variances. The TPDS-P exhibited appropriate fitness. There was poor to moderate but significant direct correlation between the subscales of DASS-21 and TPDS-P. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the TPDS-P was 0.81.ICC was 0.81.Conclusion TPDS-P can be used as a scale with appropriate validity and reliability in Farsi-speaking societies to evaluate women's distress during pregnancy.
SARS-CoV-2 Receptors are Expressed on Human Platelets and the Effect of Aspirin on Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Sahai Aditya , Bhandari Rohan , Koupenova Milka , Freedman Jane , Godwin Mathew , McIntyre Thomas , Chung Mina , Iskandar Jean-Pierre , Kamran Hayaan , Aggarwal Anu , Kalra Ankur , Bartholomew John , McCrae Keith , Elbadawi Ayman , Svensson Lars , Kapadia Samir , Hariri Essa , Cameron Scott
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an ongoing viral pandemic marked by increased risk of thrombotic events. However, the role of platelets in the elevated observed thrombotic risk in COVID-19 and utility of anti-platelet agents in attenuating thrombosis is unknown. We aimed to determine if human platelets express the known SARS-CoV-2 receptor-protease axis on their cell surface and assess whether the anti-platelet effect of aspirin may mitigate risk of myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19. Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 on human platelets were detected by immunoblotting and confirmed by confocal microscopy. We evaluated 22,072 symptomatic patients tested for COVID-19. Propensity-matched analyses were performed to determine if treatment with aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affected thrombotic outcomes in COVID-19. Neither aspirin nor NSAIDs affected mortality in COVID-19. However, both aspirin and NSAID therapies were associated with increased risk of the combined thrombotic endpoint of (MI), (CVA), and (VTE). Thus, while platelets clearly express ACE2-TMPRSS2 receptor-protease axis for SARS-CoV-2 infection, aspirin does not prevent thrombosis and death in COVID-19. The mechanisms of thrombosis in COVID-19, therefore, appears distinct and the role of platelets as direct mediators of SARS-CoV-2-mediated thrombosis warrants further investigation.
Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies Potential Actionable Targets In Pediatric Sarcomas
Authors: Ribelles Antonio Juan , Gargallo Pablo , Berlanga Pablo , Segura Vanessa , Yáñez Yania , Juan Bárbara , Salom Marta , Llavador Margarita , Mora Jaime Font de , Castel Victoria , Cañete Adela
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND Pediatric bone and soft-tissue sarcomas represent 13% of all pediatric malignancies. International contributions to introduce next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches into clinical application are currently developing. We present the results from the Precision Medicine program for children with sarcomas at a reference center.RESULTS Samples of 70 pediatric sarcomas were processed for histopathological analysis, RT-PCR and NGS with a consensus gene panel. Pathogenic alterations were reported and if existing, targeted recommendations were translated to the clinic. Seventy pediatric patients with sarcomas from 10 centers were studied. Median age was 11.5 years (range 1-18). Twenty-two (31%) had at least one pathogenic alteration by NGS. Thirty pathogenic mutations in 18 different genes were detected amongst the 22 patients. The most frequent alterations were found in TP53, followed by FGFR4 and CTNNB1. Eighteen actionable variants were detected and six patients received targeted treatment observing a disease control rate of 78%. Extrapolating the results to the whole cohort, 23% of the patients would obtain clinical benefit from this approach.CONCLUSIONS Pediatric sarcomas have a different genomic landscape when compared to adult cohorts. Incorporating NGS targets into pediatric sarcomas’ therapy is feasible and allows personalized treatments with clinical benefit in the relapse setting.
Marketing Opioids to Veterans and Older Adults: A Content Analysis of Internal Industry Documents 
Authors: Yakubi Hanna , Gac Brian , Apollonio Dorie
Published: December 2020

Background: From 1999 to 2020, the opioid epidemic claimed over 400,000 lives in the United States. Military veteran and geriatric adults, two populations with considerable overlap, were uniquely devastated by opioid addiction. Veterans’ death attributed to opioid use increased by 65% from 2010 to 2016 while opioid prescriptions for older adults increased by a factor of nine between 1995 to 2010. Methods: “Documents-related” research is a growing field of qualitative study that involves the interpretation of documents in order to elicit meaning. In January 2020, documents used in State of Oklahoma v Purdue Pharma, L.P. et al were released to the Drug Industry Document Archive (DIDA) at the University of California, San Francisco for storage in perpetuity. Two authors (HY and BG) completed an initial screen of all 503 internal documents, totaling 62,703 pages, in the Oklahoma collection based on document numbering as labeled by DIDA. Documents were organized into a master file that identified key concepts related to the opioid industry’s targeting of high-risk populations for increased opioid sales. The master file and supporting documents were then reviewed by the entire team until a final consensus was reached regarding interpretation. This study includes 225 relevant documents from the Oklahoma Collection, all of which specifically referred to efforts to sell opioids to military veterans and older adults. These documents detailed the opinions of executives, corporate goals, and plans to increase opioid consumption in these specific populations, and were comprised of internal emails, sales pitches, and PowerPoint presentations.Results: We identified opioid manufacturer targeted marketing to military veterans and older adults. Efforts to market opioids to veterans used the trauma of war as a selling strategy. Strategies to target older adults focused on funding patient outreach programs that exploited the worries of the elderly community, specifically loss of functionality and quality of life. Conclusion: Pharmaceutical companies preyed on the fears of military veterans and older adults to market opioids, claiming that opioid use would improve quality of life and lead to self-fulfillment. These campaigns masqueraded as public health initiatives and disease awareness campaigns.
The Modulatory Effects of Alfalfa Polysaccharide on Intestinal Microbiota and Systemic health of Salmonella-challenged broilers
Authors: Li Zemin , zhang chongyu , Li Bo , Zhang Shimin , Haj Fawaz G , Zhang Guiguo , Lee Yunkyoung
Published: December 2020

Salmonella infection in broilers is a main foodborne illness that substantially threatens food security. This study aimed to examine the effects of a novel polysaccharide isolated from alfalfa (APS) on the intestinal microbiome and systemic health of Salmonella-infected broilers. The results indicated that broilers receiving the APS-supplemented diet had the improved (P < 0.05) growth performance and gut health than those fed no APS-supplemented diet. Dietary APS supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05) the abundance of Bacteroidetes and reduced (P < 0.05) the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidete. Supplementation with APS enhanced (P < 0.05) the richness of gut beneficial microbes such as Bacteroidetes, Barnesiella, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Prevotellaceae, while decreased (P < 0.05) the abundance of facultative anaerobic bacteria including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Burkholderiaceae in the Salmonella-infected broilers. The Bacteroides and Odoribacter were identified as the two core microbes across all treatments and combined with their syntrophic microbes formed the hub in co-occurrence networks linking microbiome structure to performance of broilers. Taken together, dietary APS supplementation improved the systemic health of broilers by reshaping the intestinal microbiome regardless of whether Salmonella infection was present. Therefore, APS can be employed as a potential functional additives to inhibit the Salmonella and enhance the food safety in poultry farming.
Training Load Responses Modelling in Elite Sports: How to Deal with Generalisation?
Authors: Imbach Frank , Perrey Stephane , Chailan Romain , Meline Thibaut , Candau Robin
Published: December 2020

This study aims to provide a transferable methodology in the context of sport performance modelling, with a special focus to the generalisation of models. Data were collected from seven elite Short track speed skaters over a three months training period. In order to account for training load accumulation over sessions, cumulative responses to training were modelled by impulse, serial and bi-exponential responses functions. The variable dose-response (DR) model was compared to elastic net (ENET), principal component regression (PCR) and random forest (RF) models, while using cross-validation within a time-series framework. ENET, PCR and RF models were fitted either individually (MI) or on the whole group of athletes (MG). Root mean square error criterion was used to assess performances of models. ENET and PCR models provided a significant greater generalisation ability than the DR model (p = 0.012, p < 0.001, p = 0.005 and p < 0.001 for ENETI, ENETG, PCRI and PCRG, respectively). Only ENETI, ENETG and RFI were significantly more accurate in prediction than DR (p = 0.020, p < 0.001 and p = 0.043, respectively). In conclusion, ENET achieved greater generalisation and predictive accuracy performances. Thus, building and evaluating models within a generalisation enhancing procedure is a prerequisite for any predictive modelling.
Discordance of the Repeat GeneXpert MTB/RIF test for Rifampicin Resistance Detection among Patients Initiating MDR-TB Treatment in Uganda
Authors: Ssengooba Willy , Iragena Jean , Komakech Kevin , Okello Iginitius , Nalunjogi Joanitah , Katagira Winceslaus , Kimuli Ivan , Adakun Susan , Joloba Moses , Torrea Gabriela , Kirenga Bruce
Published: December 2020

We recruited all patients with Xpert Rifampicin-Resistant (RR)-TB detected, referred to the MDR-TB ward at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda for MDR-TB treatment initiation between September 2017 and October 2019. Using baseline samples collected for patients screened for STREAM 2 trial, smear microscopy, repeat Xpert test and first-line MTBDRplus assay were done. Culture-based drug-susceptibility testing was done on discordant samples. We analysed for factors associated with discordant results and false RR as determined as no RR detected by at least two of the methods used (reference standard). Of 126/130 patients who had results of repeat Xpert, 97 (77.0%) had M. tuberculosis detected of which 81 (83.5%) had RR-detected, 1 (1.0%) indeterminate. A total of 10/96 (10.4%) patients were rifampicin susceptible by at least two of the methods. Having false Xpert RR was associated with low bacillary load measured by high cycle threshold (Ct) value i.e. low (Ct 22–28) and very low (Ct > 28) of the initial Xpert test 0.09 (0.05; 0.01–1.08) and 0.02 (0.01; 0.01–0.35) respectively. Our results show that a repeat Xpert test on another sputum sample for patients with initial low M. tuberculosis detected RR-detected, would exclude 10% of the TB patients from unnecessary MDR-TB treatment initiation.
Evaluation of Atopic Dermatitis and Infectious Disorders Using Sequential Pattern Mining
Authors: Han Ju Hee , Yoon Jae Woong , Bang Chul Hwan , Chun Jae Hun , Lee Jun Young , Park Young Min , Lee Suk Jun , Lee Ji Hyun
Published: December 2020

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease related with abnormal immune response and epidermal barrier function impairment. The aim of our study was to estimate the association between AD and infectious disorders in real world. We analyzed population-based data from 2010 to 2013 using National Health Insurance Service. Sequential pattern mining (SPM) was used to identify comorbid infectious diseases and onset duration of the comorbidities. Patients with AD were at higher risk for molluscum contagiosum (adjusted odd ratio (aOR) 5.273), impetigo (aOR 2.852), chicken pox (aOR 2.251) and otitis media (aOR 1.748), eczema herpeticum (aOR 1.292), viral wart (aOR 1.105). Our study suggests that AD is associated with increased risk of infectious disorders. In particular, care should be taken for early diagnosis of comorbidity and appropriate management.
Functioning in Institutionalized and Noninstitutionalized Older Adults: A Comparative Study
Authors: Lopes Manuel , Pinho Lara , Fonseca César , Goes Margarida , Oliveira Henrique , Garcia-Alonso José
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIt is important to characterize the functioning of elderly adults in different care contexts and evaluate their suitability to the condition of the elderly population. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the functional profiles of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized older adults; to evaluate the effect of biological and sociodemographic factors on the determination of functional profiles and to evaluate the probability of an older adults obtaining a certain overall functional profile based on his/her age.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study that included 476 participants over 65 years old who were divided into two groups: noninstitutionalized elderly living in their homes and attending day care centers (100) and institutionalized elderly living in nursing homes (376). The data were collected using the semi-structured interview method and it was applied the Elderly Nursing Core Set. ResultsThe Elderly Nursing Core Set model tested consisted of 22 items in five domains: “Self-Care - Activities of daily living (a)”; “Self-Care - Activities of daily living (b)”; “Mental Functions”; “Communication” and “Support and Relationships”. Women, older participants, illiterate elderly and institutionalized participants had worse functional profile results.ConclusionsAge, female sex, lack of education, and institutionalization are negatively related to the functional profile. Given the association between education level and functioning, it is necessary to promote the training of elderly individuals throughout life. The implementation of social and health responses should allow elderly individuals to remain in their homes, given the influence of functioning on self-care and quality of life.
Complete TURBT Before Radical Cystectomy Did Not Improve Oncological Outcome for Organ-Confined Bladder Cancer
Authors: Liang Hai-tao , Xu Zhan-ping , Lin Zhi-jun , Qin Zi-ke , Ye Yun-lin
Published: December 2020

Background To investigate the role of complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) before radical cystectomy for organ-confined bladder cancer.Patients and Methods Patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) in our center from January 2008 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Those with disease >T2N0M0 or positive surgical margin and those who were administrated neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded. Complete TURBT was defined as no visible lesion under endoscopic examination after TURBT or specimen of RC. Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests assessed disease-free survival. Logistic and Cox regression analysis were performed to identify potential predictors.Results In total, 236 patients were included, and 207 patients were male. The median age was 61 years old. The median number and size were 1 and 3cm respectively, and maximal pathological T stage was T2 in 94 patients. Complete TURBT was related to tumor size (p=0.041), histological variants (p=0.026) and downstaging (p<0.001). Tumor size, grade and histological variants were independent predictors of complete TURBT. With a median follow-up of 42.7 months, 30 patients experienced recurrence. Age and histological variantswere independent predictors of disease-free survival (p=0.022 and 0.032, respectively), and complete TURBT was not an independent predictor of disease-free survival (p=0.156). Downstaging was not associated with survival outcome.Conclusions Complete TURBT is related to an increased rate of downstaging before radical cystectomy, and it was not associated with better oncological outcomes for patients with organ-confined bladder cancer.
INCB24360 Suppresses M1-like Macrophage Formation and NLRP3 Expression Whereas Increases IL-1β Secretion in RAW264.7 and BV-2
Authors: Ji Rong , Ma Lixiang , Chen Xinyu , Sun Renqiang , Zhang Li , Saiyin Hexige , Wei Wenshi
Published: December 2020

Background: Macrophages switch between different functional phenotypes under the different physiological or path-physiological stimuli in tissue. Macrophage functional phenotype heavily affects disease progression, including inflammation, injury, neurodegenerative disease, and cancers. IDO-1, a druggable target, is an immunosuppressive enzyme expressed in tissue macrophages and induced by Interferon-γ (IFN-γ). How IDO-1 inhibitors affect the functional switches of macrophage are unknown. Methods: IFN-γ were used to increase IDO-1 expression and 1-Methyl-D-tryptophan (1-MT) and INCB24360 (Epacadostat) were used to inhibit IDO-1 activity in RAW264.7 and BV-2. Western blotting, immunostaining and ELISA were used to evaluate protein expressions or secretion. RT-PCR were used to assess to transcription. TMR-Dextran and Latex beads were used to test endocytic, macropinocytic and phagocytic ability of macrophage and Fiji image and IMARIS were used to analyze images.Results: Our results showed that INCB24360 preferentially suppresses the cellular size and filopodia growth and reduces fluid uptake, macropinocytosis, and phagocytic ability of IFN-γ induced or non-induced RAW264.7 and BV-2 in vitro. 1-MT and INCB24360 suppress IFN-γ induced or endogenous NLRP3 expression levels but not caspase-1 in RAW264.7 and BV-2. NLRP3 reduction induced by 1-MT and INCB24360 parallel with the decrease of NLRP3 gene transcription and an increase of IL-1β secretion. Conclusions: Our data collectively showed that inhibiting IDO-1 with its inhibitors, especially INCB24360, preferentially suppresses cellular size and filopodia growth, NLRP3 expression, the endocytic, macropinocytic, and phagocytic capacity whereas increases IL-1β secretion in macrophage. Our findings do not rule out the roles of IDO-1 in the formation of M1-like macrophages, but they cast doubt on the robust anti-inflammatory effects of IDO inhibitors in the macrophage-mediated immune response.
Nasogastric Tube Syndrome; Severe Complication Associated with Nasointestinal ileus Tube: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Taira Kenkichiro , Fujiwara Kazunori , Takahiro Fukuhara , Koyama Satoshi , Morisaki Tsuyoshi , Donishi Ryohei , Takeuchi Hiromi
Published: December 2020

BackgroundNasogastric tube syndrome induced by nasointestinal ileus tube is uncommon complication and potentially life-threatening complication. The early detection and proper treatment for NGTS is necessary.Case presentaionWe describe a case of a 78-year-old patient with this syndrome induced by nasointestinal ileus tube. The symptom of this syndrome was improved by immediate proper management. Immediate removal of tube and early recognition of symptom are the first step in treatment for this syndrome, in addition to initiation of steroids, proton pomp inhibitor and antibiotic therapy. The cause of NGTS is supposed to be a continuous pressure on hypopharynx and cervical esophagus.ConclusionsNasogastric tube syndrome should be considered in patients not only with nasogastric tube but also nasointestinal ileus tube. Early diagnosis and proper management for NGTS are important
Pretransplant Malnutrition Risk Score: A Simple and Useful Tool for Predicting Kidney Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Santos Marina , Nascimento Evaldo , Lasmar Marcus , Fabreti-Oliveira Raquel
Published: December 2020

Background: The prevalence of malnourished patients before transplantation and the influence of malnutrition on graft and patient outcomes remain underestimated, despite being associated with higher postoperative morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to develop an easy nutritional screening tool and evaluate the impact of the nutritional status on clinical outcome, graft survival and mortality risk in kidney transplant (KT) patients.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study including 451 KT patients, we developed a score by using anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory measures performed in the pretransplant evaluation. The sum of all its components ranged from 0 to 12 points. The patients were stratified into 3 groups: G1 (0 or 1 point)=low risk, G2 (2 to 4 points)=moderate risk, and G3 (>5 points)=high risk of malnutrition. Results: Stratifying the patients, G1, G2, and G3 were composed of 90, 292, and 69 patients, respectively. Patients from G1 maintained the lowest serum creatinine levels at hospital discharge when compared with others (p=0.012). The incidence of infection in the patients from G3 had was higher than patients from G1 and G2 (p=0.030). G3 recipients showed worse GS than G1 patients (p=0.044). G3 patients showed almost threefold higher risk for graft loss (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.084-7.996). Conclusions: KT patients with higher malnutrition risk score was associated with worse outcomes and graft survival. The nutritional screening tool is easy to be used in clinical practice to evaluate the patient in preparation for KT.
Theoretical Investigation of the Electrocaloric Properties of Lead-free Ferroelectric Ceramic
Authors: Kacem Hend , Dhahri Ahmad , GDAIEM Mohamed Amara , SASSI Z. , SEVEYRAT L. , LEBRUN L. , PERRIN V. , DHAHRI J.
Published: December 2020

BaTi0.91Sn0.09O3 (BST) sample was prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The structural, morphological and electrocaloric properties were studied. The sample crystallized in the tetragonal structure with P4mm space group. Based on mapping image, the sensitivity and spatial resolution of the different elements in our sample were improved. According to the variation of polarization as function of temperature, our sample had a paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition, around room temperature. The electrocaloric properties of our sample were investigated using theoretical approaches. The important parameters such as maximum entropy change, relative cooling power and full width at half maximum were explained qualitatively. These results make our sample promising candidate for refrigeration domain.
Agronomic and molecular evaluation of rice lines in a breeding program
Authors: Marqués Luis , Barceló Susana , Osca José María
Published: December 2020

Obtaining new and improved varieties of rice requires long and complex plant breeding programs. The early detection of desirable characteristics is a complex process, especially when seeking to improve yield, as the interaction between the environment and plants may hinder selection in early generations considerably. Techniques that facilitate the selection of plants with desirable characteristics in early generations are highly valuable to plant breeders. An indirect selection method in early generations of rice was examined by principal component analysis of performance supported by field tests with a honeycomb design. This study used double haploid lines of rice obtained by crossing two rice varieties, namely ‘Benisants’ and ‘Gigante Vercelli’. This method was compared to indirect selection using genomic tools such as high-throughput molecular marker analysis. The main factors that can be used in indirect selection have been selected by principal component analysis. The model resulting from the phenological evaluation and principal component analysis with six selected variables explained 98.73% of the total variability of yield. The variable that contributes the most to the model is the Harvest Index. The best selected lines provided 32% and 43% higher yield values than the parentals and match the results from indirect selection with molecular markers.
Phenylalanine Response in Rice Kernel Under Chitosan Nanoparticles Spraying
Authors: Ghalamboran Mohammad Reza , Kohnavard Azar , Hassani Seyedeh Batool
Published: December 2020

Background: Since phenylketonuria patients have a metabolic defect, should use specific foods that have low phenylalanine levels. These foods are usually produced by hydrolysis processes. The most important problems of the foods are unpleasant to taste and expensive. The main objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of reducing the amount of phenylalanine in rice kernel under spraying of chitosan nanoparticles. Treatments were different concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles spraying (0,500,1000,1500 µlL-1). The treatments effects were studied in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Experimental variables were phenylalanine, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and total grain protein. Results: The results showed that the total protein and phenylalanine level in rice kernel decreased under all concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles compared to the control, while the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was higher than that of the control. In this experiment, 1000 µlL-1 of chitosan nanoparticles was found as the optimum concentration, since minimum phenylalanine level and maximum phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity were affected by this concentration. Conclusion: Our results indicated that chitosan nanoparticles spraying during the grain growth was able to reduce phenylalanine level in rice kernel.
Multiple Myeloma and Physical Activity
Authors: Lecat Catherine Shin Yee , Fisher Abigail , McCourt Orla , Land Joanne , Yong Kwee
Published: December 2020

Objective:

With improved survival in multiple myeloma, survivors face the challenge of maintaining their premorbid levels of physical and psychosocial wellbeing. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to improve quality of life (QoL) in cancer patients with some evidence in MM. Due to the high incidence of bone destruction, PA may be perceived as introducing risk of injury. This service evaluation study aimed to determine MM patients’ exercise levels, their perception of PA, and to explore correlations with QoL.
Results:

MM outpatients were given a questionnaire to complete. Of the 65 respondents, 75% would like to increase PA level. Weakness, fatigue and pain were the most commonly perceived barriers to PA. 59% would like to receive PA advice. Only 25% were deemed active based on the Godin leisure-time exercise questionnaire score, with 39% deemed insufficiently active. Our respondents had lower mean FACT-G and FACIT-F scores compared to scores from general population, suggesting a lower QoL. Finally, there was a significant positive correlation between the GLTEQ score and the FACT-G score (p < 0.001). Results highlight an unmet exercise need in MM patients. Current practice should be reviewed to develop a more holistic care model that incorporates tailored exercise advice or programme.
Transcriptome Analysis of Cinnamomum Migao Seed Germination in Medicinal Plants of Southwest China
Authors: Huang xiaolong , Tian Tian , Chen Jingzhong , Wang Deng , Tong Bingli , Liu Jiming
Published: December 2020

Background: Cinnamomum migao is an endangered evergreen woody plant species endemic to China. Its fruit is used as a traditional medicine by the Miao nationality of China and has a high commercial value. However, its seed germination rate is very low under natural and artificial conditions. As the foundation of plant propagation, seed germination involves a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular changes; however, the molecular events and systematic changes occurring during C. migao seed germination remain unclear.Results: In this study, combined with the changes in physiological indexes and transcription levels, we revealed the regulation characteristic of cell structures, storage substances, and antioxidant capacity during seed germination. Anatomical analysis revealed that abundant smooth and full oil bodies were present in the cotyledons of the seeds. With seed germination, the oil bodies and other substances gradually degraded to supply energy; this was consistent with the content of storage substances. In parallel to anatomical and physiological analyses, transcriptome analysis showed that 80%–90% of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) appeared after seed imbibition, reflecting important development and physiological changes. The unigenes involved in material metabolism (glycerolipid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, and starch and sucrose metabolism) and energy supply pathways (pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis pathway, pyruvate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation) were differentially expressed in the four germination stages. Among these DEGs, a small number of genes in the energy supply pathway at the initial stage of germination maintained high level of expression to maintain seed vigor and germination ability. Then, the genes involved in lipid metabolism were activated at a large scale, followed by the activation of the genes involved in CHO metabolism, which had its own species specificity. Conclusions: Our study revealed the transcriptional levels of genes during seed germination as well as determined the order of the metabolic pathways. The changes in cell structure and physiological indexes also confirmed these events. Our findings lay a foundation for determining the molecular mechanisms underlying seed germination.
A functional variant in the RAD51 3′ UTR is associated with survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Qiu Moqin , Liu Yingchun , Lin Qiuling , Jiang Yanji , Zhou Zihan , Wen Qiuping , Liang Xiumei , Huo Rongrui , Zhou Xianguo , Yu Hongping
Published: December 2020

The RAD51 gene plays an important role in DNA repair by homologous recombination, and is involved in the development and progression of multiple cancers. While single nucleotide polymorphisms in RAD51 have been previously described to impact patient prognosis, it is still unclear whether this is also true for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study therefore aimed to identify genetic variants in RAD51 and determine the effect of these variants on the survival of patients with HCC. In this study, we performed genotyping assays for RAD51 polymorphisms in a cohort of 368 patients with HCC who had undergone radical surgery resection. Using multivariate cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank tests, we compared the survival of patients with HCC according to RAD51 SNP genotypes. We performed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis to investigate correlations between SNP rs12593359 and RAD51 mRNA expression levels from the genotype-tissue expression portal. We identified one potential functional variant, rs12593359, located in a microRNA (miRNA) binding site in the RAD51 3′ untranslated region, to be an independent predictor of overall survival of patients with HCC in the dominant model. Patients carrying GT/TT genotypes had a significantly increased risk of death when compared with those carrying GG genotype (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–1.76, P = 0.035). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed a markedly shorter survival time for patients with HCC carrying GT/TT genotypes of SNP rs12593359 (19.0 months vs. 36.0 months; P log−rank = 0.012). Notably, this effect was particularly pronounced in several subgroups of patients (e.g., males, Hepatitis B virus-positive patients, patients with a single tumor nodule, patients with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) < 400 ng/ml, or patients who were cancer embolus-free). Additional expression analysis of quantitative trait loci showed that the rs12593359 was significantly associated with RAD51 mRNA expression levels in 483 cell-cultured fibroblasts (P = 1.1 × 10− 4). These findings provide evidence that RAD51 rs12593359 is associated with HCC survival and may serve as a promising predictor of survival in patients with HCC.
Prognostic Nomogram for Patients With Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer Treated With Gemcitabine Plus Nab-paclitaxel or FOLFIRINOX: Real-world Results From a Multicenter Retrospective Study (NAPOLEON study).
Authors: Shibuki Taro , Mizuta Toshihiko , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Koga Futa , Ueda Yujiro , Nakazawa Junichi , Komori Azusa , Otsu Satoshi , Arima Shiho , Fukahori Masaru , Makiyama Akitaka , Taguchi Hiroki , Honda Takuya , Mitsugi Kenji , Nio Kenta , Ide Yasushi , Ureshino Norio , Shirakawa Tsuyoshi , Otsuka Taiga
Published: December 2020

Background No reliable nomogram has been developed until date for predicting the survival in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer undergoing treatment with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) or FOLFIRINOX (FFX).Methods This analysis was conducted using clinical data of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer undergoing GnP or FFX treatment obtained from a multicenter study (NAPOLEON study). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the independent prognostic factors. A nomogram to predict 6-, 12-, and 18-month survival probabilities was generated, validated by using the concordance index (C-index), and calibrated by the bootstrapping method. And then, we attempted risk stratification for survival by classifying the patients according to the sum of the scores on the nomogram (total nomogram points; TNP).Results A total of 318 patients were enrolled. A prognostic nomogram was generated using data on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, liver metastasis, serum LDH, serum CRP, and serum CA19-9. The C-indexes of the nomogram were 0.77, 0.72 and 0.70 for 6-, 12-, and 18-month survival, respectively. The calibration plot showed optimal agreement at all points. Risk stratification based on tertiles of the TNP yielded clear separations of the survival curves. The median survival times in the low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups were 15.8, 12.8 and 7.8 months (P<0.05), respectively.Conclusions: Our nomogram is a convenient and inexpensive tool to accurately predict survival in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer undergoing treatment with GnP or FFX, and will help clinicians in selecting appropriate therapeutic strategies for individualized management.
An ancient motif unique for human STING, RGS12 and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins
Authors: Aydin Suleyman , Aydin Ayca Cakmak
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus named as SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic and spreading rapidly1. It is a pneumonia outbreak2 with T cell exhaustion, cytokine storm and coagulation3,4. Short motifs on proteins play important roles on protein-protein interactions5,6. We hypothetized role of molecular mimicry of small-xxx-small motifs for the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Here we show that a unique and evolutionary conserved motif is found only on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) proteins. Surprisingly we could not find this motif on any other protein of any living form. We found a similar, but not identical motif mimicry for the spike and regulator of G protein signaling 12 (RGS12), C1QT4 and also for proteins of Archaea and beta-lactamase enzymes of bacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. STING proteins have roles on coagulation, T cell exhaustion, cytokine release1-3 and RGS12 on inflammation7. In contrast to cGAS-STING pathway8, the motif mimicry indicated a direct interaction between spike and STING proteins suggesting the importance of STING, RGS12 and C1QT4 on the pathogenesis of COVID-19. To our surprise, the molecular mimicry showed that beta-lactamase inhbitors may be effective against SARS-CoV-2. The motif is unique, as found on Archaea and Cnidaria it is evolutionary old but a new target and mechanism for the COVID-19.
A Decade of Plague in Madagascar: A Description of Two Hot Spot Districts
Authors: Rakotosamimanana Sitraka , Kassie Daouda , Taglioni François , Ramamonjisoa Josélyne , Rakotomanana Fanjasoa , Rajerison Minoarisoa
Published: December 2020

Background Human plague cases, mainly the bubonic form, occur annually in the endemic regions of the central highlands of Madagascar. The aim of the study is to compare the evolution of the epidemiological features of human plague in two districts of the central highlands.Methods In Madagascar, all clinically suspected plague cases that meet clinical and epidemiological criteria specified in the World health organization standard case definition are reported to the national surveillance system. Data on plague cases reported between 2006 and 2015 in the districts of Ambositra and Tsiroanomandidy were analyzed. Statistical comparisons between the epidemiological characteristics of the two districts were conducted. Results A total of 840 cases were reported over the period studied, including 563 (67%) probable and confirmed cases (C+P). Of these C+P cases, nearly 91% (488/536) were cases of bubonic plague. Reported clinical forms of plague were significant for both districts during 2006 to 2015 (p=0.001). Plague cases occurred annually in a period of 10 years in Tsiroanomandidy district. One year of absence of cases characterized Ambositra district during the same period. Conclusion The differences in the epidemiological situation with respect to the plague from 2006 to 2015 in the two central highland districts may suggest that several factors other than biogeographical factors determine the expression of the plague and its evolution in this region. The need to take into account epidemiological situations according to the specific contexts of the districts could improve results in the fight against the plague in Madagascar.
Relationship Between Undernutrition and Periodontal Diseases Among Yemen Population: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Al-kalisi Milad , Al-Hajri Manal , Al-Rai Sarah
Published: December 2020

Background: Undernutrition is an inadequate supply of energy and nutrients. Periodontal diseases (PDs) defined as a broad form of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gingiva, bone and ligaments supporting the teeth. This study aimed to reveal the effect of undernutrition, using body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level (Alb) on PDs and other risk factors as age, smoking and khat chewing. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the faculty of dentistry, Sana’a University. Of 1920 patients attended to clinics, only 229 matched the study criteria. Oral examination was performed to assess the periodontal clinical parameters measurements. BMI and Alb was measured. Statistical analysis was used to present the association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi square test and Fisher-Exact test. ANOVA was used to assess the differences in the mean values of the quantitative outcomes. Chi square test was used to evaluate the association between BMI and age, gender, occupation, education level, smoking, khat chewing as well as BMI with PDs. Results: Most of participants (58.5%) were males and most of the study sample (91.3%) was at the age group of (18-35). Among all subjects, (81.2%) of cases were diagnosed with gingivitis. (60.7%) of study participants were mildly undernourished according to BMI. (93%) of participants showed normal Alb level. Regarding to habits, only (18.2%) of patients were smokers and more than half of participants (59.4%) were khat chewers. Conclusion: There was a relationship between PDs and undernutrition which was obviously seen between gingivitis and mild undernutrition.
The GAINS trial - Growth and Anabolism In Intensive care Survivors
Authors: Anstey Matthew , Rauniyar Rashmi , Fitzclarence Ethan , Tran Ngan , Osnain Emma , Mammana Bianca , Jacques Angela , Palmer Robert N , Chapman Andrew , Wibrow Bradley
Published: December 2020

BackgroundTo explore the feasibility, safety and potential benefits from administration of nandrolone to patients in the recovery phase from critical illness weakness.MethodsIn this phase 2 randomized controlled trial, adult critically ill patients admitted for longer than 7 days with significant weakness, received nandrolone ((males 200 mg, females 100 mg) or placebo weekly, up to a total of three doses. Primary outcome measures were improvement in grip strength, medical research council (MRC) muscle strength sum score, and functional activity level (Chelsea critical care assessment tool (CPAx)).Results22 patients were enrolled between September 2017 and May 2019. No significant adverse events were detected. Median grip strength change was non-significantly greater in the nandrolone group (left hand (9.9 vs 4.4, p = 0.190), right (5.8 vs 3.0, p = 0.343)). The discharge CPAx and ICU mobility scores scores were higher in the nandrolone group, although there was no difference in the change in CPAx score (16.4 vs 17.2, p = 0.865). There were no changes in ultrasound detected muscle thickness between groups.ConclusionsIn patients with prolonged critical illness, nandrolone appears to be safe but a larger study, potentially combined with resistance exercise, is needed to definitively address the potential benefits.Trial registration: ANZCTR registration number : ACTRN12616000835448. Registered 27/6/2016.https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370920