bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis Octyl P-Methoxycinnamate as Sunblock by Transesterification Reaction with the Starting Material Ethyl P- Methoxycinnamate
Authors: Suzana Suzana , Irawati Nunuk , Budiati Tutuk
Published: February 2018

Synthesis octyl p-methoxycinnamate substance as sunblock, has been done by transesterification reaction. The starting material of the reaction was ethyl p-methoxycinnamate isolated from Kaempferia galanga L.The transesterification reaction was carried out by reacting  ethyl p-methoxycinnamate with octanol. The product was identified by UV-VIS,Infra Red and Mass Spectroscopy. The result of measurements on erythemic %T at various concentrations demonstrate that octyl p-methoxycinnamate is applicable as a sunblock compound.Keywords: octyl p-methoxycinnamate, transesterification, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, sunblock
Antiproliferative Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ciplukan Herbs (Physalis angulata L.) on 7,12-Dimethylbenz[A]Nthracene-Induced Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis
Authors: Monikawati Ameilinda , Farida Sofa , Putri Laras Widawaty , Ikhtiarsyah Yurista Gilang , Meiyanto Edy
Published: February 2018

Physalis angulata L. is an annual herb widely used as popular medicine for the treatment of cancer. Physalis angulata L. ethanolic extract (PEE) has been demonstrated to have strong cytotoxic activity against breast cancer, inhibited cancer cell’s proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of PEE as a cancer chemopreventive agent on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]nthracene (DMBA)-induced rats mammary. The antiproliferative activity was characterized by monitoring the histopatology representation and expression of cell proliferation on DMBA-induced mammary rats that were treated with PEE against control groups. The histopatology representation were analyzed by Haematoksilin Eosin (HE) staining method, while proliferative activity was detected by AgNOR method. The HE staining results showed significant differences in cells morphology of treatment groups compared to the control groups. Thus results suggest that PEE was able to repair morphology of cells undergoing carcinogenesis. AgNOR method showed decreasing occurrence of black dots between treatment and control groups. Thus, we conclude that PEE has an antiproliferative activity on DMBA-induced rat mammary. Therefore, the ethanolic extract of Physalis angulata herbs is a potential chemopreventive agent on cancer. Further study on its molecular mechanism needs to be explored.Keywords: Physalis angulata, breast cancer, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]nthracene, carcinogenesis, antiproliferative
The Enhancement Quality of Squalene as a Marine Chemopreventive Agent and Vitamin A Level In The Shark Liver Oil at The Territorial Ocean of Cilacap
Authors: Nurfauzi Yuhansyah , Kurniawan Wahyu , Tusrianto Tusrianto
Published: February 2018

Recently, shark liver oil is developed as mainstay product for the Cilacap fishermen proceed to be traditional supplemental foods and health product that contains squalene and Vitamin A. Squalen is one of marine natural products has demonstrated proliferative activity in animal cancer studies and may have some radioprotective effects. This observation is aimed to enhance and improve squalene acquirement quality organolepthically. This observation uses experimental observation design. Shark liver in the bottle will be proceed by the tool that specially designed to produce shark liver oil. Its result is analyzed quantitatively to gain the squalene and vitamin A level. The comparison of squalene level that has been produced in this observation is approximately from 141 to 191 higher than standard squalene product in the market. The vitamin A level in this observation is approximately 3,6 higher than shark liver oil product in the market without processing by the observation tool. The technology in the observation uses heating principle from perfect black tool that causes it more constantly hot and causes oil flow out from shark liver organ. The oil in the bowl of the tool was filtered by zeolit, so that the unpleasant or fishy smell of the oil will decrease if compared with traditional production process.Keywords : Squalene, vitamin A, Shark liver oil, Cilacap
Combination of Leunca Herb Ethanolic Extract and Doxorubicin Suppresses HeLa Cells’ Growth
Authors: Sarmoko Sarmoko , Putri Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas , Puspitasari Endah , Anindyajati Anindyajati , Meiyanto Edy
Published: February 2018

Leunca (Solanum nigrum L.)ethanolic extractshowedcytotoxic activity on several cancer cell lines (HepG2, HT-29) and showed anti-proliferative activityon MCF-7 cells. Its application as a combinationagent in chemotherapy will increase the effectivity and reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy. We predict that application of combinatorial chemotherapy in cancer treatment will be more effective and less toxic compared to single treatment. Our research aims to investigate the cytotoxic activitiy of leunca herbs ethanolic extract alone and in combination with doxorubicin on HeLa cell line. MTT assay was conducted to measure the growth inhibitory effect of leunca herbs ethanolic extract and combinatorial treatments. Leunca herb ethanolic extract (5, 50, 250 μg/ml) increased the cytotoxic effect of  doxorubicin compared to doxorubicin alone. The strongest cytotoxic activity resulted from the combination of 250 μg/ml leunca herbs ethanolic extract and 250 nM doxorubicin. Based on our results, leunca herbs ethanolic extract is a potential chemopreventive agent, while its molecular mechanism needs to be explored.Keywords : Leunca herbs ethanolic extract, doxorubicin, HeLa, MTT assay
The Safety of Areca Seed Ethanolic Extract as Potential Chemopreventive Agent is Proven by Acute Toxicity Test
Authors: Handayani Sri , Jenie Riris Istighfari , Susidarti Ratna Asmah
Published: February 2018

Areca (Areca catechu L.) seeds ethanolic extract (AE) exhibits antiproliferative activity and induces apoptosis on T47D and MCF-7 cells. This study aimed to verify AE safety using acute toxicity test to support its development as chemopreventive agent. Male Sprague Dawley Rat (Rattus norvegicus) age 8 weeks divided into five groups, one group of control treated with 0.5% CMC-Na only and four groups for treatment. Single dose in oral administration was done to test animal with various dose of AE starts from lowest dose to highest dose expected toxic to all of test animal (0.1; 0.72; 5.36 and 10 gram/kgBW). Observation was done during 24 hours and continued for 14 days. The observation criteria were toxic symptoms, appearance and mechanism of toxic effect and pathology of vital organ. Histopathology analysis of some vital organs was done with Haematoxyllin&Eosin (H&E) staining. Toxic effect did not appear either on treatment groups or control group. Treatment of single dose of areca ethanolic extract, even in highest dose, did not cause the death of the animals. Therefore, observation extended to 14 days and terminated by necroption of the animals. All of groups did not show histopathological alterations in microscopic observation. Category of the potential toxicity of AE is practically non-toxic, ie 10 g/kgBW. The result shows the safety of areca seed ethanolic extract which is important for its development as chemopreventive agent.Keywords: Areca catechu, acute toxicity, rat
Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Heartwood Ethanolic Extract Shows Activity as Doxorubicin Co-chemotherapeutic Agent by Apoptotis Induction on T47D Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Nurzijah Ika , Putri Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas , Rivanti Erlina , Meiyanto Edy
Published: February 2018

Doxorubicin, primary chemoteurapeutic agent used for breast cancer treatment, is known to have various side effects included multi drug resistance (MDR) phenomenon. Therefore, exploration of co-chemotherapeutic agent is important to be conducted in order to prevent MDR. Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) which contains active compounds brazilin and brazilein, is proven to have activity as anticancer. The aim of this study is to determine the potency of Caesalpinia sappan L. ethanolic extract (CEE) as co-chemotherapeutic agent of doxorubicin and its mechanism through apoptosis induction on T47D breast cancer cells. Caesalpinia sappan L. heartwood powder was macerated with ethanol 70%. The cytotoxic effect of CEE alone and its combination with doxorubicin was analyzed using MTT assay. Apoptosis assay was done by flowcytometry-annexin V method. CEE showed cytotoxic activity on T47D cells with IC50 value of 35 µg/ml, while combinatorial test showed that all of combination doses of CEE and doxorubicin gave synergistic effect. Flowcytometry-annexin V assay proved that treatment of CEE induced apoptosis of doxorubicin. Based on these results, we conclude that Caesalpinia sappan L. heartwood ethanolic extract is potential to be developed as co-chemotherapeutic agent of doxorubicin.Keywords : Caesalpinia sappan L., doxorubicin, apoptosis, T47D cells
Cost Analysis of Cancer Side Effects Therapy in Cancer Patients in Rumah Sakit Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto
Authors: Pradana Febrian , Purwonugroho Tunggul Adi , Ekowati Heny
Published: February 2018

Cancer is the leading cause of death in Indonesia. Generally, cancer therapy use chemotherapy, radiation, surgery or combination of those. Various side effects caused by cancer therapy make the use of additional drugs. This leads to an increase in total cost incurred to cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to describe the treatment of cancer therapy’s side effects as well as the average cost of side effects treatment, and its percentage in the total cost of cancer patients in Rumah Sakit Margono Soekarjo. This research was a descriptive study with retrospective data by total sampling method obtained from patients’ medical and receipts records of five most common cancers (breast, nasopharynx, Non Hodgkins Lhympoma (NHL), ovarian, and cervix) during January-December 2010. The average cost of patient’s side effects treatment was calculated by the average cost of side effects compared to the average total direct costs incurred to cancer patients. The samples was obtained from the population of 2261 patients who met the inclusion criteria, that are 73 patients consist of 62 female patients and 11 male patients. The most common side effects of cancer therapy were nausea and vomiting (59.80%), nausea-vomiting, anemia, and pain (16.44%), and nausea-vomiting and anemia (15.07%). The most used therapy was vitamin B complex followed by histamine-2 inhibitor. The average cost of side effects for breast cancer was Rp 1,715,373 (8.73%), nasopharynx was Rp 1,149,049 (6.98 %); NHL was Rp 360,778 (1.97 %); ovary was Rp 911,118 (3.61 %) and cervical was Rp 1,416,027 (8.87 %). The results indicated that the hospital needs to pay more attention on nausea-vomiting effect of chemotherapy, and also cervical cancer side effects therapy as the most costly.Keywords: Cost Analysis, Cancer, Side Effects, Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital
Bilateral Simultaneous Testicular Torsion in a Newborn: Report of a Case
Authors: Pogorelić Zenon , Jukić Miro , Škrabić Veselin , Mrklić Ivana , Fridl Vidas Vesna , Jurić Ivo , Furlan Dubravko
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Testicular torsion is a urological emergency. If not recognized in time, this condition may result in ischaemic injury and loss of testis. Simultaneous bilateral neonatal testicular torsion is extremely rare and is usually misdiagnosed. Case report: We report a case of a male newborn, who presented with bilateral scrotal swelling and redness of the scrotum. Doppler ultrasound supported the diagnosis of bilateral testicular torsion, with an absent blood flow signal on the right side and a weak signal on the left side. Testicular exploration through scrotal incision was performed and bilateral testicular torsion was found. Right testis was grossly gangrenous, and right orchiectomy was performed. Left testicle was dark but showed recovery after detorsion with some bleeding from incised tunica albugenia. Fixation of the left testicle was performed. At six month follow-up, the left testis showed signs of atrophy and hormonal assay showed very low testosterone and elevated LH and FSH, suggesting hypogonadism. Conclusions: Management of neonatal testicular torsion is a matter of controversy. Testicular torsion results into acute ischemia and urgent surgical exploration is the key point of management. Although the possibility of salvaging the involved testicles is usually very low it is hard to justify a passive approach to a bilateral torsion resulting in such a devastating condition as anorchia.
Rare Abdominal Wall Malformation: Case Report of Umbilical Cord Hernia
Authors: Gliha Andro , Car Andrija , Višnjić Stjepan , Župančić Božidar , Kondza Karmen , Petracic Ivan
Published: February 2018

The umbilical cord hernia is the rarest form of abdominal wall malformations, anatomically completely different from gastroschisis and omphalocele. It occurs due to the permanent physiological evisceration of abdominal organs into umbilical celom and persistence of a patent umbilical ring. The umbilical cord hernia is often mistaken for omphalocele and called “small omphalocele”. Here we present a case of a female newborn with umbilical cord hernia treated in our Hospital. After preoperative examinations surgery was done on the second day of life. The abdominal wall was closed without tension. The aim of this article is to present the importance of the proper diagnose of these three entities and to stimulate academic community for the answer, is this umbilical cord hernia or small omphalocele.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE REFUGEE CRISIS FOR TURKISH-GERMAN RELATIONS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE CRITICAL EBBS AND FLOWS IN THE BILATERAL DIALOGUE
Authors: Turhan Ebru
Published: February 2018

This article analyses the implications of the refugee crisis for the scope and key features of the relationship between Turkey and Germany and defines the critical ebbs and flows that Turkish-German bilateral dialogue has experienced during the crisis era. In doing so, it also evaluates the challenges and opportunities that have emerged for both parties from efforts for enhanced collaboration on finding a common solution to migrants’ entering into the EU irregularly. The article first provides an overview of the evolution of the refugee crisis, its transformation into a crisis of the EU and the roles played by Turkey and Germany in its evolution and prospective management. It then evaluates in three successive eras the changes and continuities in the Turkish-German dialogue: a) Contemporary Turkish-German dialogue until the emergence of a “European” refugee crisis; b) Bilateral relations throughout the crisis ahead of the announcement of the “EU-Turkey Statement”, widely known as the EU-Turkey “refugee deal”; and c) Turkish-German relations after the initiation of the deal. In the final part some concluding remarks are made concerning the future of Turkish-German relations and the future of the EU-Turkey “deal” by taking into account the findings of the previous parts of this article.
TÜRKİYE’DE İŞSİZLİĞİN MEKÂNSAL ANALİZİ
Authors: ARAL Neşe , AYTAÇ Mustafa
Published: February 2018

İşsizlik, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde
de en temel sorunlardan biridir. İşsizlik oranlarının bölgesel düzeyde önemli
farklılıklar göstermesi ayrı bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Bölgelerarasındaki farklılıklar mekânsal analiz yöntemleriyle incelenebilir.
Gerçek hayat ilişkilerini açıklarken konum etkilerini de dikkate alan mekânsal
analiz yöntemleri, son yıllarda istatistiksel analizlerde sıklıkla kullanılmaya
başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin illerine ait işsizlik oranları
için bölgesel ayrışmaları incelemek ve işsizlik oranını etkileyen dinamikleri
belirlemektir. Bu doğrultuda, işsizliğin bölgesel farklılıkları mekânsal analiz
yöntemleriyle ortaya konduktan sonra işsizlikle ilintili değişkenler ele
alınmak suretiyle bu dinamiklerin işsizlik üzerindeki etkileri belirlenmeye
çalışılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, Türkiye’de illerin işsizlik oranları arasında
önemli derecede mekânsal bağımlılık olduğunu göstermektedir. İşsizlik oranı
yüksek olan illerin ve işsizlik oranı düşük olan illerin kümelenme eğiliminde
olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, kadınların işgücüne katılımının işsizlik üzerinde
anlamlı negatif etkisi, eğitim düzeyinin ve genç nüfus oranının ise işsizlik
üzerinde anlamlı pozitif etkisi olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra işsizlik
oranlarının işsizliği açıklamada kullanılan değişkenler dışında komşu
bölgelerin işsizlik oranlarından da etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir.
FUTBOL TAKIMLARININ SAHA İÇERİSİNDEKİ BAŞARILARININ HİSSE SENEDİ GETİRİLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: Ektik Doğuş
Published: February 2018

Dünyanın en çok ilgi gören sporlarından
biri olan futbol, günümüzde eğlence ve spor amaçlarından fazla ekonomik yönüyle
göze çarpmaktadır. Futbol bu ilgi sayesinde artık bir endüstriye dönmüş,
rekabet şartları kulüpleri sportif başarıları ile birlikte ekonomik başarılarda
bulunmaya zorlamıştır. Halka açılan kulüpler için rekabet saha içi karşılaşmalarda
kalmamış, ekonomik yönden borsada da aktif hale gelmiştir.

Türkiye’de Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü,
Galatasaray Spor Kulübü, Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü ve Trabzonspor Kulübü’nün
hisseleri borsada işlem görmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, hisseleri borsada işlem
gören futbol kulüplerinin müsabaka sonuçlarının, kulüplerin hisse senedi
getirisine etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmanın uygulama bölümünde dört futbol
takımının karşılaşma sonuçlarının, kulüplerin hisse senedi getirilerine etkisi
GARCH analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; Fenerbahçe Spor
Kulübü taraftarlarının, yatırımlarını duygusal olarak futbol takımı
performansına göre değiştirdikleri yorumunu yapmak mümkündür. Galatasaray Spor
Kulübü mağlubiyetinin taraftarlarını üzerek taraftarlarının hisselerini elden
çıkartmalarına yol açtığı söylenebilir. Trabzonspor Kulübü taraftarlarının
futbol takımının olumlu ve olumsuz performansında yatırımlarını geri çekmesinin
sebebinin futbol takımının lig sıralamasında geri planda kalması olduğu
düşünülmektedir.
Performance and thermal decomposition analysis of foaming agent NPL-10 for use in heavy oil recovery by steam injection
Authors: Zhao Fa-Jun , Wang Yun-Long , Song Jun , Ma Hai-Cheng , Liu Hao-Liang
Published: February 2018

Foaming agents, despite holding potential in steam injection technology for heavy oil recovery, are still poorly investigated. In this work, we analyzed the performance of the foaming agent NPL-10 in terms of foam height and half-life under various conditions of temperature, pH, salinity, and oil content by orthogonal experiments. The best conditions of use for NPL-10 among those tested are T=220°C, pH 7, salinity 10000 mg·L–1 and oil content 10 g·L–1. Thermal decomposition of NPL-10 was also studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. NPL-10 decomposes above 220°C, and decomposition is a two-step process. The kinetic triplet (activation energy, kinetic function and pre-exponential factor) and the corresponding rate law were calculated for each step. Steps 1 and 2 follow kinetics of different order (n = 2 and ½, respectively). These findings provide some criteria for the selection of foaming agents for oil recovery by steam injection.
The cup product of Brooks quasimorphisms
Authors: Bucher Michelle , Monod Nicolas
Published: February 2018

We prove the vanishing of the cup product of the bounded cohomology classes associated to any two Brooks quasimorphisms on the free group. This is a consequence of the vanishing of the square of a universal class for tree automorphism groups.
Structural and Functional Properties of Slowly Digestible Starch from Chinese Chestnut
Authors: Wen Xiaoyu , Zhao Yuan , Regenstein Joe M. , Wang Fengjun
Published: February 2018

The structural and functional properties of slowly digestible starch (SDS) modified using pullulanase and prepared from chestnut starch were studied. The modified chestnut starches had 41.9 % SDS, which was higher than native chestnut starches (6.51 %) and cooked chestnut starches (18.6 %). The hydrolysis rate of the modified starches was 74.1 %. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the modified starch granules had a large surface area with signs of cracks and dents, and the cross-sections showed hollow internal structures. X-ray diffraction indicated that the crystallisation of the starch changed from the Cb-type to the V-type, although it retained a few C-type characteristics. Compared with native chestnut starch, the modified starches have a higher gelatinisation temperature using differential scanning calorimetry; and the texture profile analysis hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, and gumminess of modified starch gels decreased significantly, while adhesiveness increased. When debranched using pullulanase there was a decreased solubility, swelling power, and freeze-thaw stability of the modified starches. These findings suggest that pullulanase modification changed the in vitro digestibility and crystalline structure of the modified starches.
TGV-based multiplicative noise removal approach: Models and algorithms
Authors: Gao Yiming , Yang Xiaoping
Published: February 2018

Total variation (TV) based models have been used widely in
multiplicative denoising problem. However, these models are always
accompanied by an unsatisfactory effect named staircase due to the
property of BV space. In this paper, we present two high-order
variational models based on total generalized variation (TGV) for
two kinds of multiplicative noises. The proposed models reduce the
staircase while preserving the edges. In the meantime we develop an
efficient algorithm which is called Prediction-Correction proximal
alternative direction method of multipliers (PADMM) to solve our
models. Moreover, we show the convergence of our algorithm under
certain conditions. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our
high-order models outperform the classical TV-based models in PSNR
and SSIM values.
Crystal structure of cesium beryllophosphate, Be3Cs2P4O14
Authors: Fang Wang , Yigang Chen
Published: February 2018

Be3Cs2P4O14, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 15.0612(3) Å, b = 11.0386(2) Å, c = 15.5316(3) Å, V = 2582.19(8) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0229, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0594, T = 293(2) K.
Elemental Profile of Heavy Metals in Garden cress, Coriander, Lettuce and Spinach, Commonly Cultivated in Kahrizak, South of Tehran- Iran
Authors: Souri Mohammad Kazem , Alipanahi Neda , Hatamian Mansoure , Ahmadi Mohammad , Tesfamariam Tsehaye
Published: February 2018

Heavy metal accumulation in vegetable tissues often poses a great risk for human health. In the present study, accumulation of heavy metal in green leafy vegetable crops of coriander, garden cress, lettuce and spinach were evaluated under waste water irrigation in fields located in Kahrizak, on the southern edge of the metropolitan city of Tehran, Iran. Atomic absorption spectrophotometery was used for determination of heavy metal concentrations in leaf tissue. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in soil and irrigation water were significantly high than allowable levels. Analysis of plant leaf tissue showed that spinach and garden cress accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to coriander and lettuce plants. Central leaves of lettuce showed the lowest heavy metal concentration compared to outer leaves or leaves of other vegetable crops, and can be the safer product for fresh consumption. The results indicate that the vegetables produced in the region are not suitable for fresh consumption and the agricultural activities should change towards ornamental or industrial crops production.
The validity of pain intensity measures: what do the NRS, VAS, VRS, and FPS-R measure?
Authors: Thong Ivan S. K. , Jensen Mark P. , Miró Jordi , Tan Gabriel
Published: February 2018

Background and aims:

The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), and Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) are valid measures of pain intensity. However, ratings on these measures may be influenced by factors other than pain intensity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of non-pain intensity factors on the pain intensity scales.

Methods:

We administered measures of pain intensity (NRS, VAS, VRS, FPS-R), pain unpleasantness, catastrophizing, depressive symptoms, and pain interference to 101 individuals with chronic lower back or knee pain. Correlation analyses examined the associations among the pain intensity scales, and regression analyses evaluated the contributions of the non-pain intensity factors (depressive symptoms, and pain unpleasantness, catastrophizing, and interference) to the VAS, VRS, and FPS-R ratings, while controlling for NRS, age, and gender.

Results:

Although the NRS, VAS, VRS, FPR-S, scales were strongly associated with one another, supporting their validity as measures of pain intensity, regression analyses showed that the VRS also reflected pain interference, the FPS-R also reflected pain unpleasantness, and the VAS was not associated with any of the additional non-pain intensity factors when controlling for NRS, age, and gender.

Conclusions:

The VAS appears to be most similar to the NRS and less influenced by non-pain intensity factors than the VRS or FPS-R. Although the VRS and FPS-R ratings both reflect pain intensity, they also contain additional information about pain interference and pain unpleasantness, respectively. These findings should be kept in mind when selecting pain measures and interpreting the results of research studies using these scales.

Implications:

The influence of pain interference and pain unpleasantness on VRS and FPS-R, respectively should be kept in mind when selecting pain measures and interpreting the results of research studies using these scales.
Regulation Through Litigation — Collective Redress in Need of a New Balance Between Individual Rights and Regulatory Objectives in Europe
Authors: Haar Brigitte
Published: February 2018

The EU Collective Redress Recommendation has invited Member States to introduce collective redress mechanisms by July 26, 2015. The claim of the well-known reservations concerns the potentially abusive litigation and potential settlement of not well-founded claims resulting from controversial funding of cases by means of contingency fees and from “opt-out” class action procedures.

The Article posits that apart from that claim, at bottom there may be some danger that the European Commission and private interest-groups may try to pursue the enforcement of their regulatory agendas in this way at the expense of individual claimants’ interests. However, in contrast to the situation in the United States, the need to complement regulatory enforcement by collective action may not appear as strong because of the relatively strict regulatory control and enforcement, which may explain EU Member States’ longstanding reluctance to adopt collective proceedings due to their concern for plaintiffs’ individual rights. Therefore, a comparative analysis is carried out to see to what extent individual rights as opposed to regulatory goals are taken into account in the different newly revised systems in place across Europe.

As an interim result, the Dutch settlement procedure for mass damage claims, the English Group Litigation Order and the German test case procedure turn out to be relatively well-suited to dealing with mass damage claims. At the same time, none of them can quite reach an optimal balance between individual rights and regulatory goals and therefore each of them is subject to criticism. That is why the further question is raised as to how far these procedures could complement each other, thus contributing to the enforcement of individual rights without overregulating markets in Europe.
Towards Collaborative Governance of European Remedial and Procedural Law?
Authors: Cafaggi Fabrizio
Published: February 2018

This Article examines consumer law enforcement in the EU. It shows how the effectiveness of collective and individual redress is intrinsically linked to the interplay between administrative and judicial enforcement and alternative dispute resolution (ADR). It addresses the trends and the contradictions of EU enforcement policies and their impact on national systems by looking at the role of general principles and fundamental rights, in particular Article 47 of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFR). It concludes with policy recommendations concerning how the various consumer enforcement mechanisms should be coordinated at the EU and national level to ensure comprehensive and effective protection in compliance with fundamental rights.
The Regime Politics Origins of Class Action Regulation
Authors: Barroilhet Agustín
Published: February 2018

This Article highlights that when procedural rules are legislated and there is substantial coordination between the executive and legislative branches, procedures with potential structural impact are weighted against alternative means of policymaking and implementation. This makes many Continental law countries, parliamentary countries, and countries governed by solid national majorities with substantial control over elected branches, and in general places where power is less fragmented, less likely to encourage American-style class actions. This is manifested in legislative choices of a private enforcement regime for class actions, which, when allowed, is designed to be subordinate to or to piggyback on the enforcement of preexisting bureaucracies. The theory is illustrated with the enactment of class actions in Chile, which is a civil law country that has experimented with class actions since 2004.
Genomic Predictions and Genome-Wide Association Study of Resistance AgainstPiscirickettsia salmonisin Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Using ddRAD Sequencing
Authors: Barría Agustín , Christensen Kris A , Yoshida Grazyella M , Correa Katharina , Jedlicki Ana , Lhorente Jean P , Davidson William S , Yáñez José M
Published: February 2018

Piscirickettsia salmonis is one of the main infectious diseases affecting coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) farming, and current treatments have been ineffective for the control of this disease. Genetic improvement for P. salmonis resistance has been proposed as a feasible alternative for the control of this infectious disease in farmed fish. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) strategies allow genotyping of hundreds of individuals with thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which can be used to perform genome wide association studies (GWAS) and predict genetic values using genome-wide information. We used double-digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to dissect the genetic architecture of resistance against P. salmonis in a farmed coho salmon population and to identify molecular markers associated with the trait. We also evaluated genomic selection (GS) models in order to determine the potential to accelerate the genetic improvement of this trait by means of using genome-wide molecular information. A total of 764 individuals from 33 full-sib families (17 highly resistant and 16 highly susceptible) were experimentally challenged against P. salmonis and their genotypes were assayed using ddRAD sequencing. A total of 9,389 SNPs markers were identified in the population. These markers were used to test genomic selection models and compare different GWAS methodologies for resistance measured as day of death (DD) and binary survival (BIN). Genomic selection models showed higher accuracies than the traditional pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP) method, for both DD and BIN. The models showed an improvement of up to 95% and 155% respectively over PBLUP. One SNP related with B-cell development was identified as a potential functional candidate associated with resistance to P. salmonis defined as DD.
Self-Assembled Growth of Tail-Like Cluster Composed of Flower-Shaped ZnO Microwires by Chemical Vapor Deposition Method
Authors: Qingyi Wang  , Yu Qiu  , Jiming Bian  , Bing Li  , ShanChun Zhang  , Jiacheng Luo
Published: February 2018

A self-assembled ZnO tail-like cluster (TC) had been successfully synthesized by a simple chemical vapor deposition method. Scanning electron microscopy observations show that ZnO TC is composed of bushy ZnO microwires with flower-shaped cross sections. Long and narrow furrows can be clearly observed on the surface of the ZnO TC. A possible growth model is proposed to discuss the formation mechanism. The analytical result indicates that the flower-shaped ZnO microwires are formed by the lateral coalescence of ZnO wires at high temperature. The room temperature PL spectrum shows a prominent UV emission band around 380 nm, and no green emission is found, implying that the unique flower-shaped ZnO microwires have high optical quality. This controlled growth of ZnO TC may have implication for potential applications in novel optoelectronic micro/nanodevices in the near future.
Las normas internacionales de información financiera y la toma de decisiones financieras en las empresas
Authors: Janampa Gómez Glady Guissela
Published: February 2018

El trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo facilitar la toma de decisiones financieras mediante la aplicación correcta de las normas internacionales de información financiera en las empresas. La investigación ha sido de enfoque cualitativo, de alcance descriptivo y correlacional, diseño no experimental de corte transversal, una población de 135 empresas, la muestra probabilística ha sido de 100 sujetos de estudio, las técnicas utilizadas han sido la encuesta y la recopilación documental, los datos han sido procesados con el programa SPSS. Se llegó a la siguiente conclusión general: La adopción de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF), incide en gran medida en la toma de decisiones financieras de las empresas; mediante el reconocimiento de las transacciones, la medición de las transacciones, el registro de las transacciones y la presentación razonable de las transacciones empresariales.
Inversión en exploración y explotación en hidrocarburos y recaudación del impuesto a la renta en Perú
Authors: Oscanoa Ponce Bill Frank
Published: February 2018

La investigación permitió establecer la relación entre las inversiones en exploración y explotación en hidrocarburos y la recaudación del Impuesto a la Renta en el Perú durante el periodo 2000-2016. A partir de dicho objetivo, se realizó un análisis descriptivo sobre la relación entre las variables y un análisis inferencial: el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y la regresión lineal simple. Siendo así, se obtuvieron como principales resultados que existe una relación entre las inversiones en exploración y explotación en Hidrocarburos y la recaudación del Impuesto a la Renta, y que el grado de dicha relación es fuerte. Además, se constató que el sentido de la relación es positiva y estadísticamente significativa. De este modo, se concluyó que a mayores niveles de inversión en exploración y explotación en hidrocarburos mayores niveles de recaudación del Impuesto a la Renta. Es así que, se recomienda al Estado peruano en un contexto de crisis sectorial a establecer un Plan de Inversiones para que consecuentemente obtenga un nivel adecuado de recaudación del Impuesto a la Renta por el sector de hidrocarburos.
El modelo credit scoring como alternativa de evaluación crediticia en Agrobanco
Authors: Calderón Romero Lizardo
Published: February 2018

En los últimos años el Perú atraviesa un fuerte crecimiento en el sector financiero, principalmente enfocado en el sector de los créditos, los cuales han permitido dinamizar la economía, lo cual no sucede para los créditos orientados al sector agropecuario por su nivel de riesgo, motivo por el cual el Estado peruano crea Agrobanco como una entidad enfocada al sector agropecuario por medio de la colocación de créditos agropecuarios. El objetivo de la investigación es desarrollar un modelo Credit Scoring que permita apoyar la evaluación inmediata del crédito agropecuario, debido a la deficiente y lenta de la misma por parte de Agrobanco. Asimismo la metodología utilizada se fundamenta en un modelo de Credit Scoring de carácter predictivo, que plantea un método de efectos marginales y la evaluación de toda la cartera de la entidad del periodo 2009 al 2015. Los resultados obtenidos en la investigación determinan que las variables independientes: tasa, periodo, garantía, edad, soltero, calificación normal y antigüedad, son significativamente estadísticas en la morosidad de los créditos otorgados, sin embargo las variables, monto, mujer y hectárea no son representativas. Las conclusiones de la investigación son que se cumple como determinantes socio económicas, estadísticamente, las variables: tasa, periodo, garantía, edad, soltero, califica normal y antigüedad.
Los factores regionales de innovación como parte del sistema económico europeo 2000 - 2010
Authors: Verástegui Huanca Lucio Leo
Published: February 2018

Este trabajo de investigación estudia los factores Regionales de Innovación Europeos dentro del entorno económico Europeo durante el periodo 2000 – 2010. Empleando una metodología novedosa y basada fundamentalmente en un robusto marco teórico y posterior trabajo empírico. La innovación dentro de una economía nacional es fundamental para el crecimiento económico y competitividad de las empresas, así como del Gobierno. En ese sentido, la teoría evolucionista acuña las bases de la innovación como un sistema interactivo basado fundamentalmente en la sinergia de los distintos componentes que lo conforman y, así mismo, determinan el esfuerzo innovador de cada sistema. En este estudio se delinea los componentes del Sistema Regional de Innovación de 191 regiones europeas a través del Análisis Factorial, a partir de una recopilación, tratamiento y análisis exhaustivo de indicadores relacionados a la Innovación. Este trabajo puede ser usado para dar pie a futuros análisis tanto de eficiencia, mejora potencial o simplemente generar estrategias públicas eficaces.
Strengthening the Connection of Medical Education to the Vision of Improving Child Health
Authors: Carraccio Carol
Published: February 2018

This is the text version of Dr Carol Caraccio’s acceptance speech upon receiving the 2017 Joseph W. St. Geme, Jr, Leadership Award.
Análise dos elementos culturais presentes em um livro didático para o ensino de língua inglesa para jovens
Authors: Zampieri Laura Braghini , Salomão Ana Cristina Biondo
Published: February 2018

Nowadays, a great part of English language teaching is based on textbooks, mainly those produced by large publishing companies and distributed worldwide. Bearing in mind that teachers constantly interact in the classroom with the way a textbook represents its view of culture, there should be a critical stance in its implementation. In this article, we analyze how culture is treated in a textbook for teenagers, Got it! Starter (2011), generally used for beginners in language schools, based on contemporary theoretical underpinnings of culture and interculturality in foreign language classrooms. The results indicate the need of critical analysis from the teacher on the cultural products and practices presented and of transgression strategies in the classroom in order to develop intercultural critical skills through reflection about the content, not thoughtless and passive acceptance.
A internacionalização no ifsul e a relevância da língua estrangeira para o desenvolvimento acadêmico e científico da instituição
Authors: Rio Marlon Machado Oliveira
Published: February 2018

Preparing students for the ongoing process of internationalization of Education is a complex task, since both technologies and teaching practices change, becoming increasingly global and less specific to a sole culture. An institution that previously delimited and carried out its research in its own must now establish relationships and seek partnerships with institutions of higher education for the preparation, execution and collection of research data. Due to this reality, the objective of this work, is to present a study about the Federal Institute in the South of Rio Grande do Sul - IFSUL, an  institution that has made countless efforts and has been in constant movement so that the internationalization process is established in a productive way. The work of IFSUL in projects of the federal government is analyzed, as well as the linguistic and pedagogical training of its teachers regarding the initiatives taken by the Institution in the global scenario. The internationalization process is investigated by the principles presented by Green (2005), and suggestions are made so that the constant work on this topic is more and more satisfactory.
Descrição dos níveis de desempenho em uma tarefa de leitura e escrita do exame Celpe-Bras
Authors: Sirianni Gabrielle Rodrigues , Schoffen Juliana Roquele
Published: February 2018

This work aims to describe the levels of performance verified in a reading-writing task applied to students of Celpe-Bras Preparatory course. We used one task and a corpus of 22 texts and we described the levels of student performance,transforming the general parameters of the exam into specific parameters for this task, and analyzing what each level presented in this task. The results of the study indicate that in more advanced levels there were no problems related tothe configuration of the interlocution and to the construction of the genre, and the selection and recontextualization of information in reading text were determinant in the difference between all the evaluated levels The analysis and thedescription of the levels of performance accomplished in this work contribute to foment the discussion of the differences between the levels evaluated in the Written Part of Celpe-Bras.
Professional training for ethical and comprehensive care of patients living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Moraes Emília Ellen Araújo , Silva Ingrid Cherie dos Santos , Freitas Ricardo Douglas Santos de , Júnior Antonio Medeiros , Vasconcelos Cipriano Maia de , Freitas Marise Reis de
Published: February 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: Caring for people living with HIV is complex and requires ethical and skilled professionals able to offer humanized and comprehensive care at the different levels of the health system. Objective: Determine whether the academic training of health professionals at a university in Northeastern Brazil develops the skills and competencies to care for people living with HIV. Methodology: This is a qualitative study, conducted in two stages: (1) documental analysis of curricular methods, contents and activities performed in Nursing, Medicine and Dentistry courses and (2) focus groups composed of undergraduates and professors from the three courses. Data analysis was conducted according to Bardin. Results: Documental analysis identified few curricular components in the three courses specifically related to HIV. Focus group analysis showed that the issue is superficially and sporadically addressed, with few hours spent on the subject and methodologies that do not satisfactorily develop the skills and competencies required to care for HIV-infected patients. Conclusion: The current training model for health professionals is limited to technical-scientific knowledge of HIV/AIDS, with little practical experience.
The Perils of Single-Site Genetic Testing for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes in the Era of Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Casasanta Nicole , Stark Elizabeth , McHenry Allison , Biagi Tara , Kaltman Rebecca
Published: February 2018

A challenge in counseling patients with a family history suggesting a hereditary cancer syndrome is deciding which genetic tests or panels to order. In this article, we discuss the identification of multiple familial mutations through genetic counseling and panel testing. For patients meeting National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria for clinical genetic testing, providers should consider expanded panels to provide a more complete assessment of one's genetic risk. The continued use of expanded panel testing in the clinical setting will help inform optimal management of cancer patients, as well as the management of their unaffected family members. The mutation discovered in this case was in the ATM gene. The clinical significance of the mutation, potential therapeutic targets, and proper clinical management are discussed.

Key Points

With single-site genetic testing, there is the potential to miss hereditary genetic syndromes that can be managed clinically. Between 4% and 6% of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes are caused by genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2. ATM is a DNA mismatch repair gene associated with double-stranded DNA break repair and cell cycle checkpoint arrest. The risk of developing female breast cancer by age 50 and by age 80 in ATM heterozygotes is 9% and 17%–52%, respectively.
Seismic performance of composite coupling beams with diagonal steel tubes
Authors: Jang Seok-Joon , Yun Hyun-Do
Published: February 2018

Reinforced-concrete (RC) coupled shear walls are an efficient earthquake-resistant system governed by the performance, especially ductility, of coupling beams connecting two or more RC walls. To enhance the performance of RC coupled walls, the coupling beams need very complicated details such as diagonal reinforcements. This paper provides the experimental results for rectangular steel tube reinforced composite coupling beams, which were tested to investigate the feasibility of introducing rectangular steel tubes as an alternative to diagonal bar groups confined by transverse reinforcement to improve constructability and save construction time. Three coupling beams with a span–depth ratio of 2·0 and specified compressive strength of 80 MPa were tested under cyclic loading. Test results showed that 80 MPa concrete and a non-shrink mortar-filled steel tube composite coupling beam exhibited stable behaviour up to a chord rotation of 3·5%. The non-shrink mortar-filled steel tubes replacing diagonal bar bundles improved the initial stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of composite coupling beams compared to the empty steel tubes. It is concluded that non-shrink mortar-filled steel tubes are a feasible option to replace diagonal bar groups confined by closely spaced hoops.
Detection of the rapid variability in the Q2237+0305 quasar
Authors:   Institute of Radio Astronomy of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Berdina L. A. , Tsvetkova V. S. ,   Institute of Astronomy of Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2018

Rapid intrinsic variability has been detected for the first time in the Einstein Cross QSO 2237+0305, a radio quiet flat spectrum quasar at z=1.7 that is quadruply lensed by a foreground galaxy at z=0.04. The observed short-period event at the time scale of several days and with amplitudes of about 0.1-0.2 mag can be traced in the light curves of the 2004 observing season for all macroimages and in all the three filters (V, R and I). The accuracy of the existing estimates of the time delays in Q2237+0305 is insufficient to either confirm or disprove the estimations of time delays based on the lens models of this system, especially taking into account the presence of strong microlensing events. The detected short-period variations in the Q2237+0305 light curves have made possible to obtain new estimates of the time delays, which are more accurate as compared to the earlier determinations by other authors.