bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and engineering of graphene nanostructures as independent solar-driven photocatalysts for emerging applications in the field of energy and environment
Authors: Samriti  , Manisha  , Chen Zhangsen , Sun Shuhui , Prakash Jai
Published: January 2022

Graphene and its derivatives are used as metal-free photocatalysts because of their fascinating optoelectronic properties which can further be improved by chemical doping for advanced functional applications in the field of energy and environment.
The features of the crystal structure of the layered series hydrates of uridine-5′-monophosphate salts (UMPNax·yH2O)
Authors: Yang Pengpeng , Dai Kun , Lin Chenguang , Jiao Pengfei , Zou Fengxia , Zhao Gulin , Ying Hanjie
Published: January 2022

There are five novel hydrates of uridine-5′-monophosphate salts (UMPNax·yH2O, x = 0–2). The novel crystals present a typical layered sandwich packing architecture that the UMP molecular layers alternate with water molecular layers.
An imidazoacridine-based TADF material as an effective organic photosensitizer for visible-light-promoted [2 + 2] cycloaddition
Authors: Sauvé Ethan R. , Mayder Don M. , Kamal Saeid , Oderinde Martins S. , Hudson Zachary M.
Published: January 2022

This work describes the performance of imidazoacridine-based TADF materials for visible-light mediated triplet–triplet EnT photocatalysis.
Practical synthesis of 3-aryl anthranils via an electrophilic aromatic substitution strategy
Authors: Gao Yang , Yang Simin , She Minwei , Nie Jianhong , Huo Yanping , Chen Qian , Li Xianwei , Hu Xiao-Qiang
Published: January 2022

A practical route for the synthesis of valuable 3-aryl anthranils from readily available anthranils and simple arenes has been achieved through an electrophilic substitution and rearomatization sequence by employing Tf2O as an effective activator.
Versatile methods for improving the mechanical properties of fullerene and non-fullerene bulk heterojunction layers to enable stretchable organic solar cells
Authors: Dauzon Emilie , Sallenave Xavier , Plesse Cedric , Goubard Fabrice , Amassian Aram , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: January 2022

A cross-linker and an elastomer are used to increase the mechanical compliance of the active layer in organic solar cells based on fullerene and non-fullerene acceptors without compromising their performance.
Developing crosslinkers specific for epimerization domain in NRPS initiation modules to evaluate mechanism
Authors: Kim Woojoo E. , Ishikawa Fumihiro , Re Rebecca N. , Suzuki Takehiro , Dohmae Naoshi , Kakeya Hideaki , Tanabe Genzoh , Burkart Michael D.
Published: January 2022

Epimerization (E) domain mechanism in initiaion modules of NRPSs studied using pantetheine analog crosslinking probes containing sulfonyl warheads that target domain's catalytic residues (His and Glu).
Photoelectron spectra of water and simple aqueous solutions at extreme conditions
Authors: Ye Zifan , Zhang Cunzhi , Galli Giulia
Published: January 2022

We present calculations of the photoelectron spectra of water and a simple solution of NaCl under pressure at conditions relevant to the Earth’s interior (11 GPa and 1000 K).
Highly stretchable, self-healable, and self-adhesive ionogels with efficient antibacterial performances for a highly sensitive wearable strain sensor
Authors: Wang Haibo , Xu Junhuai , Li Kaijun , Dong Yi , Du Zongliang , Wang Shuang
Published: January 2022

Gel-based strain sensors with multi-functional outstanding properties have gained considerable attention.
Perceptions About Writing by Adults With Moderate or Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Dinnes Carly R. , Hux Karen
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

Writing challenges can cause ongoing distress and limit resumption of pre-injury activities following traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, little TBI research or clinical practice addresses written communication. Understanding the writing perceptions and experiences of adults engaged in intensive, inpatient rehabilitation following hospital discharge for TBI is an initial step in addressing this situation.

Method:

Transcendental phenomenology served to structure this qualitative research. Six adults between 2 and 6 months post-TBI participated in a common experience of writing about a personal memorable event. Standardized test scores and symptom ratings provided descriptive information about participants. Additionally, participants completed the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory and NASA Task Load Index and engaged in semistructured interviews to describe writing perceptions and experiences.

Results:

Data analysis revealed themes and subthemes about writing perceptions, challenges, and support strategies. Participants varied in their perceptions of post-injury writing changes. Test results revealed areas of challenge for all participants, but only half reported awareness of writing changes. Those aware of changes differed from other participants regarding word retrieval, memory, and concentration as well as overall effort expended, frustration, and performance quality. Although all participants relied on writing supports, only one had adjusted multiple writing strategies following injury.

Conclusions:

Some adults with TBI are aware of writing changes while receiving posthospital, inpatient rehabilitation services, but others deny such changes. This differs from reports concerning later recovery stages, perhaps because few functional writing opportunities arise during rehabilitation. Application of compensatory strategies specific to post-injury writing challenges is unlikely while awareness remains limited.
Retrospective Case–Control Study of Communication and Motor Abilities in 143 Children With Suspected Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Effect of Concomitant Diagnosis
Authors: Iuzzini-Seigel Jenya , Delaney Amy L. , Kent Ray D.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

This study sought to determine if children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) plus another major diagnosis (CAS+) are equivalent in communication and motor profiles to those with a primary diagnosis of CAS and no indication or report of any other diagnosis (CAS-Primary).

Method:

This retrospective case–control study included a chart review of 143 children who were suspected of having CAS at Children's Hospital-Wisconsin between 1998 and 2004. Participants were between 30 and 127 months old and included 107 males. Participants were assigned to the suspected CAS-Primary group (
n
= 114) if they had characteristics of CAS but no other major diagnosis (e.g., galactosemia) and to the CAS+ group (
n
= 29) if a comorbid diagnosis was present. Groups were compared across demographic, communication, and motor characteristics.

Results:

Children with CAS+ evidenced more severe motor profiles than those with CAS-Primary, χ
2
= (1,
n
= 122) = 4.952,
p
= .026, and a small-to-medium effect size (Ф = .201). On average, communication profiles also tended to be more severe among those with CAS+ wherein receptive language was poorer and phonemic inventories were smaller than those with CAS-Primary.

Conclusions:

These retrospective data suggest that comorbid diagnosis may play an important role in communication and motor development in children with suspected CAS. These exploratory findings should motivate future prospective studies that consider the role of concomitant diagnoses in symptom profile and response to treatment in children with CAS.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19026365
A transformer fault diagnosis method based on hybrid improved grey wolf optimization and least squares‐support vector machine
Authors: Wu Yuhan , Sun Xianbo , Dai Baofu , Yang Pengfei , Wang Zhihao
Published: January 2022

In recent years, support vector machine has been widely used in the field of transformer fault diagnosis, but its fault diagnosis performance is still to be improved. A power transformer fault diagnosis model based on hybrid improved grey wolf optimization optimized least squares‐support vector machine will be proposed as an attempt to improve the efficiency and accuracy of its fault diagnosis performance. First, the hybrid improvement method will be introduced with a view to solving the three problems that grey wolf optimization is troubled with, that is, premature convergence, slow convergence, and low population diversity. Then, six benchmark functions and Wilcoxon rank sum test are used to test hybrid improved grey wolf optimization and the other optimization algorithms, and the results show that hybrid improved grey wolf optimization has better optimization performance and significance. Finally, dissolved gas analysis data will be used for example simulation which will be further examined from three aspects in order to testify the fault diagnosis performance of the proposed method. The results show that the validity of the proposed method is much higher than that of the other models. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed method can greatly improve the performance of transformer fault diagnosis, and has great practical significance in engineering.
Steady state non-Newtonian flow with strain rate dependent viscosity in thin tube structure with no slip boundary condition
Authors: Panasenko Grigory , Pileckas Konstantin , Vernescu Bogdan
Published: January 2022

The steady state non-Newtonian flow, with strain rate dependent viscosity in a thin tube structure, with no slip boundary condition, is considered. Applying the Banach fixed point theorem we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution. An asymptotic approximation is constructed and justified by an error estimate.
South-hemispheric marine aerosol Hg and S isotope compositions reveal different oxidation pathways
Authors: Au Yang David , Chen Jiubin , Zheng Wang , Zhang Yanxu , Shi Guitao , Sonke Jeroen E. , Cartigny Pierre , Cai Hongming , Yuan Wei , Liu Liangzhi , Gai Pengxue , Liu Congqiang
Published: January 2022

Particle-bound mercury (PBM) records the oxidation of elemental mercury, of which the main oxidation pathways (Br/Cl/OH/O3) remain unclear, especially in the Southern-Hemisphere. Here, we present latitudinal covariations of Hg and S-isotopic anomalies in cross-hemispheric marine aerosols that evidence an equator-to-poleward transition of Hg oxidants from OH/O3 in tropics to Br/Cl in polar regions highlighting thus the presence of distinct oxidation processes producing PBM. The correlations between Hg, S and O-isotopic compositions measured in PBM, sulfates and nitrates respectively within the aerosols highlight the implication of common oxidants in their formations at different latitudes. Our results open a new window to better quantify the present-day atmospheric Hg, S and N budgets and to evaluate the influences of aerosols on climate and ecosystems once the isotopic fractionations associated to each process have been determined.
Challenges of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with cancer
Authors: Jia Siyue , Zhu Wenbo , Jiang Hudachuan , Zhu Fengcai
Published: January 2022

Patients with cancer are at increased risk of SARA-CoV-2 infection or developing severe COVID-19 cases due to the malignancy or immunosuppressive therapy, but they are generally excluded from the target population for COVID-19 vaccination. In general, inactivated vaccines are safe and immunogenic for patients with cancer, but live attenuated vaccines are not recommended. The study suggested that the safety of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in cancer patients is similar to that in healthy people, but the immunogenicity is slightly weaker, and a booster dose may be needed. This paper aims to summarize the results of COVID-19 vaccine clinical studies conducted in cancer patients worldwide and the relevant guidelines released by authorities, so as to provide evidence for promoting COVID-19 vaccination for cancer patients.
Synthesis and deformation mechanics of gradient nanostructured materials
Authors: Lu Lei , Pan Qingsong
Published: January 2022

The emerging gradient nanostructured metals and alloys containing spatially graded structural components with large variations in length scale and/or mechanical properties exhibit unprecedented mechanical performance. This perspective delineates the basic structural features of gradient nanostructures, i.e. structural components and spatial gradients, as well as related synthesis methods, excellent tensile properties and novel deformation mechanisms. The challenges and prospect for the development of gradient nanostructured materials in the future are also addressed.
Cystatin C Concentration During the First Three Postnatal Days in
Healthy Term Newborns
Authors: Mikulic Vinka , Rogic Dunja , Mikulic Ivanka , Jerkovic Raguz Marjana , Brzica Jerko , Pandza Topic Maja , Ljubić Kristina , Tomic Vajdana
Published: January 2022

Objective Cystatin C (Cys-C) concentration has not been examined
sufficiently among healthy newborn population, particularly in terms of
reference values. This study aimed to establish gender-, postnatal age- and
birth weight-specific Cys-C concentration for healthy term newborns. Its
objective was also to examine if there were any differences between our measured
concentration and the reference interval established by the CALIPER study.

Methods Serum samples from a total of 90 healthy term newborns were used
to determine Cys-C concentration. Cys-C was measured within first three days of
birth using particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) on the Architect
plus ci8200 analyzer.

Results Median concentration of the Cys-C was 2.05 mg/L.
There were no statistically significant differences in Cys-C concentration
regarding gender (p=0.779), birth weight (p=0.505), postnatal
age (p=0.512) or Apgar score (p=0.799). The value of the 2.5th
and 97.5th percentile for Cys-C concentrations for girls was
0.93–3.15 mg/L and for boys it was
1.5–3.36 mg/L.

Conclusion Cys-C concentration in healthy term newborns does not depend on
gender, birth weight, postnatal age, or Apgar score. Our measured concentration
range of CyS-C in healthy newborns turned out to be slightly wider than the
interval determined in the CALIPER study.
Lessons Learned from OpenNotes Learning Mode and Subsequent Implementation across a Pediatric Health System
Authors: Murugan Avinash , Gooding Holly , Greenbaum Jordan , Boudreaux Jeanne , Blanco Reena , Swerlick Arin , Sauer Cary , Liu Steven , Bhatia Amina , Carter Alexis , Burris Meredith M. , Becker Lauren , Abney Lashandra , O'Brien Sharon , Webb Shane , Popkin Melissa , Williams Herb , Jennings Desiree , Orenstein Evan W.
Published: January 2022

Background The 21st Century Cures Act has accelerated adoption of OpenNotes, providing new opportunities for patient and family engagement in their care. However, these regulations present new challenges, particularly for pediatric health systems aiming to improve information sharing while minimizing risks associated with adolescent confidentiality and safety.

Objective Describe lessons learned preparing for OpenNotes across a pediatric health system during a 4-month trial period (referred to as “Learning Mode”) in which clinical notes were not shared by default but decision support was present describing the upcoming change and physicians could request feedback on complex cases from a multidisciplinary team.

Methods During Learning Mode (December 3, 2020–March 9, 2021), implementation included (1) educational text at the top of commonly used note types indicating that notes would soon be shared and providing guidance, (2) a new confidential note type, and (3) a mechanism for physicians to elicit feedback from a multidisciplinary OpenNotes working group for complex cases with questions related to OpenNotes. The working group reviewed lessons learned from this period, as well as implementation of OpenNotes from March 10, 2021 to June 30, 2021.

Results During Learning Mode, 779 confidential notes were written across the system. The working group provided feedback on 14 complex cases and also reviewed 7 randomly selected confidential notes. The proportion of physician notes shared with patients increased from 1.3% to 88.4% after default sharing of notes to the patient portal. Key lessons learned included (1) sensitive information was often present in autopopulated elements, differential diagnoses, and supervising physician note attestations; and (2) incorrect reasons were often selected by clinicians for withholding notes but this accuracy improved with new designs.

Conclusion While OpenNotes provides an unprecedented opportunity to engage pediatric patients and their families, targeted education and electronic health record designs are needed to mitigate potential harms of inappropriate disclosures.
Role orientation and organizational strategy among policy professionals in civil society
Authors: Mellquist Joanna
Published: January 2022

How does hiring of policy professionals, to do the policy work of civil society organizations, impact the organizations that hire them? Policy professionals constitute a growing group of actors who populate many interest groups, working with advocacy and influencing public policy. As a group they comprise various types of professionals, displaying different backgrounds, identities and motivations. By analyzing individual policy professionals, asking questions about their identity and motivation to work with advocacy, and then through ethnographical observations following their work, this article contributes to the understanding of how policy professionals’ backgrounds and professional identities are connected to organizational strategies and the process of professionalization. In so doing, it sheds new light on the dynamics of policy production and what professionalization of politics looks like in civil society. The article proposes a categorization of policy professionals’ role orientations in civil society as policy scholars, policy lobbyists, policy communicators and policy activists. This conceptualization is of analytical value, because the balance between these categories affects dynamics within organizations and the work they do in relation to advocacy and policy, in tandem with their legitimacy.
The role of H–H interactions and impurities on the structure and energetics of H/Pd(111)
Authors: Thürmer K. , Bartelt N. C. , Whaley J. A. , McDaniel A. H. , El Gabaly F.
Published: January 2022

Understanding hydrogen incorporation into palladium requires detailed knowledge of surface and subsurface structure and atomic interactions as surface hydrogen is being embedded. Using density functional theory (DFT), we examine the energies of hydrogen layers of varying coverage adsorbed on Pd(111). We find that H–H and H–Pd interactions promote the formation of the well-known 3×3 phases but also favor an unreported (3 × 3) phase at high H coverages for which we present experimental evidence. We relate the stability of isolated H vacancies of the (3 × 3) phase to the need of H2 molecules to access bare Pd before they can dissociate. Following higher hydrogen dosage, we observe initial steps of hydride formation, starting with small clusters of subsurface hydrogen. The interaction between H and Pd is complicated by the persistent presence of carbon at the surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments show that trace amounts of carbon, emerging from the Pd bulk despite many surface cleaning cycles, become mobile enough to repopulate the C-depleted surface at temperatures above 200 K. When exposed to hydrogen, these surface carbon atoms react to form benzene, as evidenced by scanning tunneling microscopy observations interpreted with DFT.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of droplet impacting on the superhydrophobic surface with a suspended octagonal prism
Authors: Gu Zhengkai , Shang Yuhe , Li Dong , Ai Fanbiao , Zhou Hao , Yuan Peng
Published: January 2022

The contact time of a droplet impacting on a superhydrophobic substrate is demonstrated to be reduced via adding a macro-wire or a rectangular ridge, which is achieved by triggering the asymmetric feature during the spreading/retraction processes. Here, we use the lattice Boltzmann method to study the droplet impacting dynamics on a superhydrophobic surface with a suspended octagonal prism. We reveal that the asymmetric retraction of the impacting droplet strongly depends on the combined effect of Weber number and the suspended height. The falling droplet is split into two sub-droplets and shows growing asymmetry with increasing Weber number on the surface, during which the contact time reduces because the asymmetry results in an uncompleted retraction process only perpendicular to the prism of the sub-droplets. The study also shows that the prism suspension height remarkably affects the droplet dynamic behavior. A non-bouncing region is found at h/D0 (h is the prism height, and D0 is the initial diameter of droplet) in the range of 0.3–0.8 where the split droplets merge again and wrap the prism so that the attenuation in upward and transverse velocity is unable to tear up the liquid bridge beneath the prism. The prism height larger than ∼0.75 is shown to have limited influence on the contact time variation. Our study shows that at high We = 103.3, the ratio of prism height to the droplet diameter h/D0 is 0.2 or larger than 0.75 and the contact time significantly reduces by ∼59% compared to the flat surface.
Membrane potential sensing: Material design and method development for single particle optical electrophysiology
Authors: Roy Debjit , Shapira Zehavit , Weiss Shimon
Published: January 2022

We review the development of “single” nanoparticle-based inorganic and organic voltage sensors, which can eventually become a viable tool for “non-genetic optogenetics.” The voltage sensing is accomplished with optical imaging at the fast temporal response and high spatial resolutions in a large field of view. Inorganic voltage nanosensors utilize the Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) to sense local electric fields. Engineered nanoparticles achieve substantial single-particle voltage sensitivity (∼2% Δλ spectral Stark shift up to ∼30% ΔF/F per 160 mV) at room temperature due to enhanced charge separation. A dedicated home-built fluorescence microscope records spectrally resolved images to measure the QCSE induced spectral shift at the single-particle level. Biomaterial based surface ligands are designed and developed based on theoretical simulations. The hybrid nanobiomaterials satisfy anisotropic facet-selective coating, enabling effective compartmentalization beyond non-specific staining. Self-spiking- and patched-HEK293 cells and cortical neurons, when stained with hybrid nanobiomaterials, show clear photoluminescence intensity changes in response to membrane potential (MP) changes. Organic voltage nanosensors based on polystyrene beads and nanodisk technology utilize Fluorescence (Förster) Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) to sense local electric fields. Voltage sensing FRET pairs achieve voltage sensitivity up to ∼35% ΔF/F per 120 mV in cultures. Non-invasive MP recording from individual targeted sites (synapses and spines) with nanodisks has been realized. However, both of these QCSE- and FRET-based voltage nanosensors yet need to reach the milestone of recording individual action potentials from individual targeted sites.
Rotranslational dynamics of confined water. II. Spectroscopic evidence of confinement effects on the far-infrared spectra of water isotopologues in argon and krypton matrices
Authors: Putaud T. , Wespiser C. , Bertin M. , Fillion J.-H. , Kalugina Y. , Jeseck P. , Milpanis A. , Philippe L. , Soulard P. , Tremblay B. , Tuloup C. , Ayotte P. , Michaut X.
Published: January 2022

Water molecules trapped in rare gas matrices exhibit conspicuous shifts in their far-infrared (FIR), rotranslational spectral features compared with the corresponding transitions observed in the gas phase. These confinement-induced perturbations have been related not only to the quantization of translational motion but also to the coupling between the orientational and positional degrees of freedom: the rotation–translation coupling (RTC). As the propensity displayed by the nuclear spin isomers (NSI) of water to undergo interconversion in confinement is intimately related to how its nuclear spin degrees of freedom are coupled with those for intra- and intermolecular motions, confinement-induced RTC should also strongly impact the NSI interconversion mechanisms and rates. Insight into the rotranslational dynamics for H216O, H217O, and H218O, confined in argon and krypton matrices, is provided here based on the evolution of rotranslational spectra induced by NSI interconversion while a definitive assignment is provided from the transition energies and intensities calculated using the confined rotor model [Paper I, Wespiser et al., J. Chem. Phys. 156, 074304 (2021)]. In order to build a complete rotranslational energy diagram of confined water, which is fundamental to understand the NSI interconversion rates, the energy difference between the ground ortho and para rotranslational states is derived from the temperature dependence of the intensity ratio of mid-infrared lines emerging from these states. These investigations should provide deeper insight of the factors that control NSI interconversion of water isotopologues under extreme confinement.
Identification of free-stream and boundary layer correlating events in free-stream turbulence-induced transition
Authors: Verdoya J. , Dellacasagrande M. , Barsi D. , Lengani D. , Simoni D.
Published: January 2022

Boundary layer receptivity to free-stream disturbances plays a crucial role in forming coherent structures, whose breakup drives the laminar to turbulent flow transition. In the present work, an extended proper orthogonal decomposition (E-POD) procedure is applied to particle image velocimetry (PIV) data to identify correlating events between the free-stream velocity field and transitional boundary layers for flow configurations typical of low-pressure turbine blades. Data collected in two wall-parallel planes were ordered along the homogeneous spanwise coordinate so that the dominant POD coefficients provide the most energetic spanwise wavelengths in the free-stream and the near-wall regions. Then, the cross-correlation matrix of the POD spanwise coefficients computed independently in both measuring planes directly identifies the free-stream scales showing the highest degree of correlation with the boundary layer structures. Low-order reconstructions of the original PIV data show that the most correlating events are directly linked to the formation and the successive breakup process of streaky structures. Otherwise, larger-scale structures which are not involved in the transition process are filtered out. Interestingly, free-stream disturbances appear as organized wave packets with significant elongation in the streamwise direction when the velocity fields are reconstructed considering only the most correlating modes. The effect due to the Reynolds numbers, the pressure gradient, and the free-stream turbulence variation on the free-stream modes affecting the formation of coherent structures in the boundary layer is discussed in the paper.
Regular interior solutions to the solution of Kerr which satisfy the weak and the strong energy conditions
Authors: Kyriakopoulos E.
Published: January 2022

The line element of a class of solutions that match the solution of Kerr on an oblate spheroid if the two functions F(r) and H(r) on which it depends satisfy certain matching conditions is presented. The non-vanishing components of the Ricci tensor Rμν, the Ricci scalar R, the second order curvature invariant K, the eigenvalues of the Ricci tensor, the energy density μ, the tangential pressure P⊥, and the quantity μ + P⊥ are calculated. A function F(r) is given for which R and K and therefore the solutions are regular. The function H(r) should be such that the solution it gives satisfies at least the Weak Energy Conditions (WEC). Several H(r) are given explicitly for which the resulting solutions satisfy the WEC and also the strong energy conditions, and the graphs of their μ, P⊥, and μ + P⊥ for certain values of their parameters are presented. It is shown that all solutions of the class are anisotropic fluid solutions and that there are no perfect fluid solutions in the class.
Dynamic density functional theory for the charging of electric double layer capacitors
Authors: Ma Ke , Janssen Mathijs , Lian Cheng , van Roij René
Published: January 2022

We consider the charging of a model capacitor comprised of two planar electrodes and an electrolyte. Upon switching on a voltage difference, electric double layers build up in this setup, which we characterize with a classical dynamic density functional theory (DDFT) that accounts for electrostatic correlations and for molecular excluded volume of finite-sized ions and solvent molecules. Our DDFT predicts the electrode charge Q(t) to form exponentially with two timescales: at early times, the system relaxes on the RC time, namely, λDL/[D(2 + σ/λD)], with λD being the Debye length, L being the electrode separation, σ being the ion diameter, and D being the ionic diffusivity. Contrasting an earlier DDFT study, this early-time response does not depend on the applied potential. At late times, the capacitor relaxes with a relaxation time proportional to the diffusion time L2/D.
Ecdysone exerts biphasic control of regenerative signaling, coordinating the completion of regeneration with developmental progression
Authors: Karanja Faith , Sahu Subhshri , Weintraub Sara , Bhandari Rajan , Jaszczak Rebecca , Sitt Jason , Halme Adrian
Published: January 2022

Significance

For most organisms, regenerative capacity varies at different stages of development. Changes in regenerative capacity often correlate with significant changes in systemic hormone signaling. Previous studies have independently demonstrated the positive and negative effects of systemic hormone signals on the regenerative activity of tissues. Here, we report that regenerating
Drosophila melanogaster
tissues produce a biphasic response to ecdysone steroid hormone levels. Below a certain threshold, ecdysone promotes regenerative activity in damaged imaginal discs. As development progresses, ecdysone levels increase above this threshold and suppress regeneration via the sequential expression of Broad transcription factor splice isoforms. Our findings describe how systemic hormone signals can direct regenerative activity to coordinate regeneration completion with developmental transitions.
LINEAGE: Label-free identification of endogenous informative single-cell mitochondrial RNA mutation for lineage analysis
Authors: Lin Li , Zhang Yufeng , Qian Weizhou , Liu Yao , Zhang Yingkun , Lin Fanghe , Liu Cenxi , Lu Guangxing , Sun Di , Guo Xiaoxu , Song YanLing , Song Jia , Yang Chaoyong , Li Jin
Published: January 2022

Significance

Lineage analysis is an important assay for developmental biology, cancer biology, etc. Traditional tools in this field are time consuming, technically challenging, and in demand of preexisting knowledge. By integrating exogenous barcodes into cells, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) can be used to conduct such tasks, but these assays required significant expertise in both wet- and dry-laboratory experiments. We developed a user-friendly algorithm to conduct cell-lineage inference solely based on endogenous markers of label-free scRNA-seq. This algorithm is able to identify lineage-informative mutations from a bunch of interfering mitochondrial RNA variants with high accuracy and efficiency. With this algorithm, we removed most of the technical hurdles of lineage analysis on scRNA-seq and will dramatically accelerate its application in biological research.
A corpus-based study of successive patterns of Chinese modals
Authors: Zhou Jiangping
Published: January 2022

Being different from previous researches which explore the possible multiple modal patterns in Mandarin Chinese basically with invented examples, this study examines the attested patterns of successive use of modals facilitated by two large Chinese corpora (Corpus of Center for Chinese Linguistics Peking University or CCL, and Beijing Language and Culture University Corpus Center or BCC) and the reasons underlying these patterns. The data reveal that combinations of Chinese modals of different types comply with the proximity to the predicate verb of the proposition. The exact sequential order is demonstrated as follows: dynamic modality precedes the predicate verb; deontic modality precedes dynamic modality; and epistemic modality precedes deontic and dynamic modalities. In addition, different modal auxiliaries of the same type also co-occur in a special sequence. From the perspective of subjectivity and objectivity, we argue that the underlying principle of this ordering is that the more subjective a modal auxiliary is, the more distant it will be from the predicate verb of the proposition and vice versa. For successive patterns of different modal auxiliaries within the same type, the concept of gradability is employed. Although modal auxiliaries of the same type might occur at the same distance to the predicate verb of the proposition, they could characterize different degrees of gradabilities. Modals with higher degree of gradability could precede those with lower degrees, whereas those with the same degree of gradability are capable of the successive co-occurrence in either way.
Vigorous physical activity: A potential ally in adolescent obesity management
Authors: Videira‐Silva Antonio , Manco Licínio , Sardinha Luis B. , Fonseca Helena
Published: January 2022

Individual variability may contribute to the modest and inconsistent results reported in obesity‐management interventions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of non‐modifiable as well as modifiable factors on body mass index (BMI) and body fat variance in adolescents with obesity followed in a clinical obesity‐management programme, in order to better understand individual variability. Non‐modifiable factors (i.e. socio‐economic status, pregnancy BMI, weight progression across pregnancy, BMI at time of delivery, way of delivery, birth weight, breastfeeding duration, age at overweight onset, overweight duration, and FTO rs9939609 polymorphism) and modifiable factors data (i.e. self‐determination level, self‐efficacy and perception of importance to lose weight, energy intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviours) from 63 adolescents (93.7% Caucasian, 55.6% girls), with a median age of 15.0 (2.5) years, and a median BMI z‐score of 2.88 (0.70), followed for 6 months were analyzed. BMI z‐score variance was predicted by vigorous physical activity (VPA) (F(1,57) = 4.55, p = .039), overweight duration (F(1,59) = 5.61, p = .022), way of delivery (F(2,58) = 6.55, p = .003) and self‐determination level (F(1,59) = 4.75, p = .034). VPA further predicted body fat mass (%) (F(1,57) = 9.99, p = .003) as well as trunk fat mass variance (F(1,57) = 8.94, p = .006). This study suggests that although both non‐modifiable and modifiable factors influence BMI and body fat variance to some extent, in adolescents with obesity, VPA (modifiable factor) stands out as the factor with the best association with both outcomes. VPA may be a potential ally in the success of clinical obesity management in adolescents, and so should be emphasised in this population.

Highlights

There is a huge individual variability within studies in response to adolescent obesity‐management interventions.

Both non‐modifiable and modifiable factors may influence body mass index (BMI) and body fat variance, influencing interventions’ outcomes.

The predictive value of both non‐modifiable and modifiable factors largely overlaps, making lighter the burden of the former and highlighting the value of lifestyle changes.

Among modifiable factors, vigorous physical activity standouts as the factor with the best (negative) association with BMI and body fat variance.
Tricritical-point phase diagram in PrCu9Sn4
Authors: Meng Fanying , Ge Min , Wei Wensen , Rahman Azizur , Liu Wei , Wang Aina , Zhao Jun , Fan Jiyu , Ma Chunlan , Pi Li , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yuheng
Published: January 2022

Tricritical phenomenon appearing in multiple phases is a fundamental and attractive issue in condensed-matter physics. In this work, a field-modulated tricritical phenomenon is realized in single-crystal PrCu9Sn4. The magnetization under variable directions of field indicates strong magnetic anisotropy in PrCu9Sn4, which reveals ferromagnetic coupling for H//c. A paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic magnetic transition occurs with H//c at T
C = 11.7 K, which is evidenced to be of a first-ordered type. The systematical study of the critical behavior gives that β = 0.195(8), γ = 0.911(1), and δ = 0.0592(1) for H//c consistent with a tricritical mean-field model, which suggests a field-modulated tricritical phenomenon. A detailed H − T phase diagram around the tricritical point (TCP) is constructed for single-crystal PrCu9Sn4 for H//c, where ferromagnetic state, forced ferromagnetic phase and paramagnetic state meet at the TCP (H
tr = 799 kOe, T
tr = 11.3 K). The single-crystal PrCu9Sn4 supplies a platform to deep investigate the field-modulated magnetic couplings and tricritical phenomenon.
SERS activity of carbon nanotubes modified by silver nanoparticles with different particle sizes
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Lei , Zhang Jie , Luo Yuan , Ran Jia
Published: January 2022

A two-dimensional (2D) surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate is fabricated by decorating carbon nanotube (CNT) films with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) in different sizes, via simple and low-cost chemical reduction method and self-assembling method. The change of Raman and SERS activity of carbon nanotubes/Ag nanoparticles (CNTs/AgNPs) composites with varying size of AgNPs are investigated by using rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a probe molecule. Meanwhile, the scattering cross section of AgNPs and the distribution of electric field of CNTs/AgNPs composite are simulated through finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) wavelength is redshifted as the size of AgNPs increases, and the intensity of SERS and electric field increase with AgNPs size increasing. The experiment and simulation results show a Raman scattering enhancement factor (EF) of 108 for the hybrid substrate.
Experimental investigation on divertor tungsten sputtering with neon seeding in ELMy H-mode plasma in EAST tokamak
Authors: Ye Dawei , Ding Fang , Li Kedong , Hu Zhenhua , Zhang Ling , Chen Xiahua , Zhang Qing , Zhao Pingan , He Tao , Meng Lingyi , Ye Kaixuan , Zhong Fubin , Duan Yanmin , Ding Rui , Wang Liang , Xu Guosheng , Luo Guangnan , team EAST
Published: January 2022

Neon (Ne) seeding is used to cool the edge plasma by radiation to protect the divertor tungsten (W) target in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). The W sputtering in the outer divertor target with Ne seeding is assessed by the divertor visible spectroscopy system. It is observed that the W sputtering flux initially increases with Ne concentration in the divertor despite the decreasing plasma temperature. After reaching a maximum around 25 eV, the W sputtering rate starts to decrease, presenting a suppression effect. The effect on the divertor W sputtering flux and yield due to the competition between the increase of the Ne concentration and the decrease of the plasma temperature is discussed. The results show that enough Ne seeding is essential to effectively reduce the electron temperature and thus to suppress W sputtering. Moreover, ELM suppression is observed when Ne and W impurities enter the core plasma, which could be correlated to the enhanced turbulence transport in the pedestal.
Vacuum current-carrying tribological behavior of MoS2-Ti films with different conductivities
Authors: Pei Lu-Lu , Ju Peng-Fei , Ji Li , Li Hong-Xuan , Liu Xiao-Hong , Zhou Hui-Di , Chen Jian-Min
Published: January 2022

Current-carrying sliding is widely applied in aerospace equipment, but it is limited by the poor lubricity of the present materials and the unclear tribological mechanism. This study demonstrated the potential of MoS2-based materials with excellent lubricity as space sliding electrical contact materials by doping Ti to improve its conductivity. The tribological behavior of MoS2-Ti films under current-carrying sliding in vacuum was studied by establishing a simulation evaluating device. Moreover, the noncurrent-carrying sliding and static current-carrying experiments in vacuum were carried out for comparison to understand the tribological mechanism. In addition to mechanical wear, the current-induced arc erosion and thermal effect take important roles in accelerating the wear. Arc erosion is caused by the accumulation of electric charge, which is related to the conductivity of the film. While the current-thermal effect softens the film, causing strong adhesive wear, and good conductivity and the large contact area are beneficial for minimizing the thermal effect. So the moderate hardness and good conductivity of MoS2-Ti film contribute to its excellent current-carrying tribological behavior in vacuum, showing a significant advantage compared with the traditional ones.
Description of the properties of dark matter by deformed statistics
Authors: Maleki Mahnaz , Mohammadzadeh Hosein , Ebadi Zahra , Najafi Morteza Nattagh
Published: January 2022

We consider the condensate of q-deformed bosons as a model of dark matter. Our observations demonstrate that for all q values, the system condenses below a q-dependent critical temperature

T

c

q

. The critical temperature interestingly tends to infinity when q → 0, so that the q-deformed boson gas is always in the condensed phase in this limit irrespective to the temperature. We argue that this has remarkable outcomes, e.g. on the entropy of the system, and also the fraction of the particles in the ground state. Especially, by direct evaluation of the entropy of the system we reveal that it tends to zero at this limit for all temperatures, and also the fraction of particles in the ground state becomes unity. These observations prove the consistency of the model, put it in the list of appropriate candidates for dark matter.
The comparative analysis of the stress-strain state of the support of the escalator tunnel constructed in weak soils by the NATM
Authors: Radkevych Anatolii , Tiutkin Oleksii , Kuprii Volodymyr , Bielikova Sofiia
Published: January 2022

The construction of underground objects of the subway is always associated with building of structures connecting the surface. For subways, such structures are escalator tunnels. During the construction of the Dnipro Metro, these underground structures are built using a new technology that forms a multilayered support. This technology is the New Austrian tunneling method. A special feature of its application under the conditions of the Dnipro city is the existence of weak rocks in the upper part of the escalator tunnel. To ensure their stability, various special operational techniques are used that impact the rock massif. The basic techniques include artificial freezing, which was the dominant strengthening technology, and chemical strengthening (cementation), which is more consistent with the New Austrian tunneling method. To elucidate the effectiveness of the two strengthening techniques, a finite-element model of the Dnipro Metro escalator tunnel has been built. The numerical calculation of two variants for the strengthening of weak soils yielded results for a comparative analysis of the stress-strain state. The result of the comparative analysis is the conclusion of greater cementation efficiency when strengthening weak soils of the massif in which the escalator tunnel is constructed using New Austrian tunneling method.
The specific design of flooding monitoring of the Rozna I uranium mine, Czech Republic
Authors: Vokurka Michal , Jaroš Michal , Hummel Martin
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the issue of flooding the last uranium mine in Central Europe, where uranium ore was extracted until 2017. The situation is specific due to the form of two-stage flooding of the mine. The first stage of flooding was started at the beginning of 2021, and the whole process will be completed after reaching the 13th level. This situation makes it possible to support the forecasting of flooding in this locality and to refine the model of the second stage of flooding and the area of post-mining activities. The article proposes continuous monitoring of the level of mine water onset, namely in shafts R7S and R3. Measurements on the shafts spaced about 3 km apart will allow additional comparison of the measured data of the level increase rate due to the documented extracted free spaces of the deposit and systematic measurement of groundwater inflows into the deposit. Another comparative criterion will be the periodic mine water sampling for the measurement of physico-chemical parameters. It offers the possibility of extending monitoring with other options, such as continuous measurement of hydrochemical parameters using all-solid-state sensors designed for harsh mining conditions or the use of autonomous UNEXMIN underwater drones.
Monitoring of geotechnical facilities through DLT solution
Authors: Hristova Teodora , Mitev Ivan , Balev Veselin
Published: January 2022

The article states the objectives of geotechnical monitoring in an open cast mine and discusses the main measurement methods. Distributed ledger technology (DLT) is recommended for monitoring and sharing data on the condition of the mine slopes between private and public organizations. Private DLT implementation is chosen because confidential corporate data is shared. A conceptual model for communication among the Mining Company, the responsible institutions and regulatory authorities has been suggested. It has been established that there is a possibility of leakage of personal data according to the GDPR.
To the question of using of low-grade phosphate rock from Synycheno-Yaremivske field of the Iziumskyi district
Authors: Vetsner Yulana , Kazakov Valentyn , Doronina Vira , Avina Svitlana , Deineka Dmytro , Baturin Oleksii , Paleckiene Rasa
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the study of low-grade phosphorites of the Synycheno-Yaremivske deposit in the Iziumskyi district of the Kharkiv region. The possibility of enrichment of this ore by three methods is considered: mechanical, thermal and chemical, carried out in laboratory conditions. The qualitative and quantitative composition of phosphorite has been determined using X-ray fluorescence analysis and electron microscopy with an attachment for energy dispersive analysis. Both natural and enriched raw materials have been studied. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to concentrate this ore with a subsequent increase in the P2O5 content, despite the abnormally large amount of iron.
Improving the technology of using freon-steam turbines in mine power complexes
Authors: Kirsanov Mykhailo , Slobodiannykova Inna , Gupalo Olena
Published: January 2022

Mining power complexes can significantly reduce the cost of production of mining enterprises and increase their competitive position in the relevant market. To solve the urgent problem of further improving the operation of mine energy complexes, it is proposed to include in their composition installations for the useful use of energy from low-potential sources with a freon-steam turbine, which implement the thermodynamic Rankine cycle. The article considers the features of the organization of the Rankine cycle depending on the properties of freons. When choosing freons, the emphasis is placed on the use of strictly ozone-safe freons that meet modern requirements for normalizing the value of the global warming potential. The previously proposed method for calculating the thermodynamic parameters necessary for evaluating useful action’s coefficient of using specific freons in a useful energy recovery equipment has been improved. The calculation of the energy efficiency of the equipment with a freon-steam turbine for the selected options for the use of freons is performed. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the use of ozone-safe freons with low values of the global warming potential in installations for the utilization of energy from low-potential sources will improve the operation of mine energy complexes.