bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«СИЯНИЕ И ЗАКАТ ОРИФЛАММЫ»: ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МОНАРХИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕОЛОГИИ И ПОНЯТИЯ «ОБЩЕГО БЛАГА» ВО ФРАНЦИИ XIII-XV ВЕКОВ, "Средние века"
Authors: Цатурова Сусанна Карленовна
Published: November 2018

Статья посвящена судьбе орифламмы, военного знамени французских королей XII-XV вв., имевшего сакральный характер. Детально исследуются поводы, оправдывавшие использование орифламмы, начиная с первого упоминания «знамени св. Дионисия» в 1124 г. вплоть до последнего эпизода его поднятия в 1465 г. Фиксируемые в статье изменения этих поводов свидетельствуют о процессе становления публично-правовых полномочий монарха и о перипетиях диалога власти и общества в формулировании понятия «общего блага».
КЛАСТЕРНАЯ САМООРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ИНТЕРМЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ: ДВУХСЛОЙНЫЕ КВАЗИСФЕРИЧЕСКИЕ НАНОКЛАСТЕРЫ-ПРЕКУРСОРЫ K69 И K26 В КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЕ LiNaBa (cF488), "Физика и химия стекла"
Authors: Шевченко В. Я. , Блатов В.А. , Илюшин Г.Д.
Published: November 2018

С помощью компьютерных методов (пакет программ ToposPro) осуществлен геометрический и топологический анализ кристаллической структуры ин- терметаллида LiNaBa (cF488, a = 27.335 А, V =20424 A, _F-43m). Метод анализа основан на определении химического состава и строения кластера-прекурсора интерметаллида и построении базисной 3D сетки структуры в виде графа, узлы которого соответствуют положению их центров тяжести. Методом полного разложения 3D фактор-графа кристаллической структуры на кластерные подструктуры установлены два типа каркас-образующих нанокластеров: K69 состава 1@16@52 и K26 состава 0@4@22 с точечной симметрией g = -43m. Реконструирован симметрийный и топологический код процессов самосборки 3D структур из нанокластеров-прекурсоров в виде: первичная цепь -= микрослой -= микрокаркас. В качестве спейсеров, занимающих пустоты в 3D каркасе из нанокластеров K69 и K26, установлены кластеры Ba, Na(Na) и Na.
СИНТЕЗ И ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА НАНОПОРОШКОВ И КЕРАМИКИ В СИСТЕМЕ CeO-GdO, "Физика и химия стекла"
Authors: Симоненко Т. Л. , Калинина М.В. , Симоненко Н. П. , Симоненко Е.П. , Хамова Т.В. , Шилова О.А.
Published: November 2018

Методом совместного осаждения гидроксидов металлов с элементами криотехнологии были синтезированы нанопорошки состава (СeO)(GdO) (x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10) со средним размером ОКР 10-14 нм, площадью удельной поверхности 70-81 м/г. На их основе получены керамические наноразмерные материалы (ОКР 64-71 нм). Установлена зависимость фазового состава, микроструктуры и электротранспортных свойств полученных образцов от содержания Cd0. В системе Ce0-0d0 наибольшей ионной проводимостью с числом переноса ионов t = 0.74 (700 °C) обладает твердый раствор состава (Ce0)9(Gd0). Показано, что данная керамика по своим физико-химическим характеристикам может быть использована в качестве твердого электролита среднетемпературных топливных элементов.
КАТАЛИЗ В СИНТЕЗЕ S,N-ГЕТЕРОЦИКЛОВ И O,N-, S,N и O,S,N-МАКРОГЕТЕРОЦИКЛОВ, "Журнал органической химии"
Authors: Рахимова Е.Б. , Озден И. В. , Ибрагимов А.Г.
Published: November 2018

В обзоре систематизированы и обобщены данные по синтезу шести-, семи-, восьмичленных S,N-гетероциклов и O,N-, S,N- и O,S,N-макрогетероциклов в условиях катализа
ОКИСЛЕНИЕ АДАМАНТАНА С ПОМОЩЬЮ H2O2-CF3COCF3I.5H2O В ПРИСУТСТВИИ VO(acac)2, "Журнал органической химии"
Authors: Кислицина К.С. , Щаднева Н.А. , Хуснутдинов Р.И.
Published: November 2018

Система пероксид водорода-гексафторацетона сесквигидрат активно окисляет адамантан в присутствии VO(acac)2 с образованием в трет-бутиловом спирте адамантан-1-ола (64%), а в смеси уксусная кислота-пиридин - адамантан-2-она (76%).
СИНТЕЗ 3,3',5,5'-ТЕТРА-трет-БУТИЛ-4,4'-СТИЛЬБЕНХИНОНА И ЕГО КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ЖИДКОФАЗНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ СУЛЬФИДОВ, "Журнал органической химии"
Authors: Хоанг Х.И. , Ахмадуллин Р.М. , Ахмадуллина Ф. Ю. , Закиров Р. К. , Ахмадуллина А.Г. , Газизов А. С.
Published: November 2018

При окислении 2,6-ди-трет-бутил-4-метилфенола H2O2 в присутствии KI получен 3,3',5,5'-тетра- трет-бутил-4,4'-стильбенхинон, который более эффективно катализирует жидкофазное окисление Na2S кислородом, нежели 3,3',5,5'-тетра-трет-бутил-4,4'-дифенохинон.
НОВАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ СИНТЕЗА 3,4-ДИГИДРОПИРИМИДО[1,2-a]БЕНЗИМИДАЗОЛ-2(1H)-ОНОВ, "Журнал органической химии"
Authors: Харанеко А. О.
Published: November 2018

Разработан новый препаративный метод синтеза 3,4-дигидропиримидо[1,2-a]бензимидазол-2(1H)- онов, основанный на реакции внутримолекулярной термической гетероциклизации 3-[2-(сульфанил- алкил)- и 2-(сульфанилбензил)-1H-бензимидазол-1-ил]пропангидразидов и 3-[2-(бензилсульфанил)- 1H-бензимидазол-1-ил]пропанамида.
СИНТЕЗ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ЦИАНОЭТИЛЬНЫХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ ФУЗИДОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ, "Журнал органической химии"
Authors: Салимова Е.В. , Мамаев А.Г. , Третьякова Е.В. , Куковинец О.С. , Мавзютов А.Р. , Швец К.Ю. , Парфенова Л.В.
Published: November 2018

Реакция 3,11-дигидрокси- и 3,11 -диоксотритерпеноидов фузиданового ряда с акрилонитрилом в присутствии щелочи и катализатора межфазного переноса в 1,4-диоксане протекает с образованием моно-, бисцианоэтокси- и цианоэтилпроизводных. Из 3,11-диоксоаналога получено 2,2-дизамещенное производное - продукт присоединения двух цианоэтильных групп в -положение к 3-оксофункции. Соединения подвергнуты скринингу на антибактериальную и противогрибковую активность.
КВАНТОВО-ХИМИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ РЕАКЦИЙ ДИМЕТИЛКАРБОНАТА С МЕТИЛАМИНОМ, ПРОТЕКАЮЩИХ ПО МЕХАНИЗМУ ПРИСОЕДИНЕНИЯ-ОТЩЕПЛЕНИЯ, "Журнал органической химии"
Authors: Самуилов А.Я. , Алекбаев Д.Р. , Самуилов Я.Д.
Published: November 2018

Квантово-химическими методами wB97XD/6-311++G(df,p), M06/6-311++G(df,p) и PBE0/6-311++G(df,p) исследованы механизм и термодинамические параметры активации и реакций некаталитического и автокаталитического взаимодействия диметилкарбоната с метиламином, протекающих по механизму присоединения-отщепления. Стадия образования интермедиата с тетракоординированным атомом углерода определяет скорость реакции. Механизм присоединения-отщепления более предпочтителен по сравнению с механизмом S2 при автокатализе, обусловленном повышенными донорно-акцепторными и кислотно-основными свойствами комплексов аминов с ассоциатами спирта по сравнению с аминами.
МЕТОД СИНТЕЗА 1-АЛКИЛ-5-АМИНО-1,2,4-ТРИАЗОЛОВ, ОСНОВАННЫЙ НА РЕАКЦИЯХ НУКЛЕОФИЛЬНОГО ЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ И ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ, "Журнал органической химии"
Authors: Толстяков В.В.
Published: November 2018

Показана возможность получения 1-алкил-5-амино-1Н-1,2,4-триазолов из 3,5-дибром-1Н-1,2,4- триазола. Синтезы осуществлены через реакцию алкилирования 3,5-дибром-1Н-1,2,4-триазола с последующей трансформацией боковых функциональных групп гетероцикла в реакциях нуклеофильного замещения, восстановления и гидродебромирования.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МНОГОЛЕТНИЕ КОЛЕБАНИЯ УРОВНЯ ЛАДОЖСКОГО ОЗЕРА И ВОЗМОЖНАЯ ПРИЧИНА ЛАДОЖСКОЙ ТРАНСГРЕССИИ ПОЗДНЕГО ГОЛОЦЕНА, "Известия Русского географического общества"
Authors: Большиянов Д.Ю.
Published: November 2018

18-летние (2001-2018) наблюдения за уровнем воды на водомерном посту в северо-западной части Ладожского озера, сравнение хода уровня и балансовых характеристик (поверхностные приток и сток) привели к выводу о том, что многолетний ход уровня Ладожского озера в значительной мере определяется подземным притоком вод, имеющим периодичность в 5-7 лет. Сейсмоакустические исследования дна озера выявили структуры, по которым происходит разгрузка вод в озеро. Изучение низких аккумулятивных террас озера привели к выводу о современных амплитудах хода уровня воды в озере до 4 м. В прошлом, когда Ладожское озеро не имело стока по р. Неве, колебания уровня воды были более значительные, что вызывало повышенное стояние уровня (до 21 м над ур. м.) во время ладожских трансгрессий в конце голоцена.
СОЗДАНИЕ ПОДЗЕМНОГО ЭКСКУРСИОННОГО МАРШРУТА В РУСКЕАЛЬСКОМ ПРИРОДНОМ ПАРКЕ, "Известия Русского географического общества"
Authors: ЛЯХНИЦКИЙ Ю.С.
Published: November 2018

Статья посвящена созданию подземных экскурсионных маршрутов на примере «Горного парка Рускеала» (Республика Карелия). В 2009 г. карельский геолог и краевед И. В. Борисов показал автору «Рускеальский провал», который произвел сильное впечатление и побудил автора к исследованию. В 2011 г. было проведено комплексное обследование Рускеальского горного парка. В работах принимала участие большая группа спелеологов РГО. Полученные материалы были представлены заказчику - компании «Колмас Карелия» в виде подробного отчета. В 2012 г. по договору с «Колмас Карелия» Ю. С. Ляхницким и Ю. П. Коренным был составлен проект обустройства подземного пространства для проведения экскурсий. Проект основывался на результатах обследования и предусматривал оборудование двух штолен и крупного наполовину затопленного зала, выработанных при добыче мрамора, для проведения экскурсий. В дальнейшем сделано несколько необходимых дополнений к проекту, так как при разборе завалов выявились не известные ранее особенности. Кроме того, проводился контроль выполнения работ и осуществлялась методическая помощь при их выполнении. В конце 2016 г. обустройство маршрута было завершено и в 2017 г. он начал действовать. В настоящее время по своим эстетическим, познавательным, историко-культурным особенностям подземный маршрут Рускеальского горного парка является одним из лучших в Европе.
О ПРИЧИНАХ И СЛЕДСТВИЯХ НОВЫХ ПРИРОДООХРАННЫХ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ НА БАЙКАЛЬСКОЙ ПРИРОДНОЙ ТЕРРИТОРИИ, "Известия Русского географического общества"
Authors: Тулохонов А.К.
Published: November 2018

Для сохранения экосистемы оз. Байкал принят федеральный закон «Об охране озера Байкал» и многочисленные государственные директивы об ограничении хозяйственной деятельности на Байкальской природной территории. Однако экологическая ситуация в регионе продолжает ухудшаться. С точки зрения автора, политика запретов и отчуждения местного населения от прав на природопользование не может быть эффективной. Для примера анализируется постановление правительства о запрете на промышленный лов омуля, который принят без необходимого научного обоснования всех факторов, влияющих на экосистему озера, и оценки социально-экономических последствий для местного населения. Отмечается, что сокращение нерестового стада омуля более всего связано с общей аридизацией климата во Внутренней Азии и снижением водности основных притоков Байкала. Предлагается изменить методику учета омуля и места промышленного лова. Особое внимание необходимо уделить вопросам занятости местного населения, которое должно быть заинтересовано в рациональном использовании природных богатств родного края.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НОВОГО СУДОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ПАССИВНОГО ОПТИЧЕСКОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРИМЕСЕЙ В ПРИБРЕЖНЫХ ВОДАХ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Гончаренко И.В. , Ростовцева В. В. , Коновалов Б.В.
Published: November 2018

Оценка экологического состояния прибрежных вод или вод внутренних морей требует оперативного получения подробных данных об акватории. Разработанный нами новый трехканальный пассивный оптический комплекс для экологического мониторинга морских акваторий позволяет получать спектры коэффициента яркости моря с борта движущегося судна. Для обработки результатов измерений с целью получения данных о концентрации имеющихся в воде естественных примесей используется оригинальный метод решения обратной задачи, основанный на учете особенностей спектра поглощения света чистой водой, - метод водной адсорбционной ступеньки. Комплекс для экологического мониторинга морских акваторий совместно с программой метода водной адсорбционной ступеньки был использован для изучения зон смешения различных типов вод в Черном море. Производя измерения с пространственным разрешением 3 метра с борта движущегося судна, он позволил получить подробную картину распределения примесей по двум исследуемым акваториям прибрежных районов Черного моря различной трофности. Данные дистанционного зондирования были верифицированы результатами измерений, полученными на станциях.
КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЯ ХЛОРОФИЛЛА-А В ЧЕРНОМ МОРЕ: СРАВНЕНИЕ СПУТНИКОВЫХ АЛГОРИТМОВ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Суслин В.В. , Чурилова Т.Я. , Ли М. Е. , Мончева С. , Финенко З.З.
Published: November 2018

Для Черного моря проведено сравнение трех алгоритмов, стандартного NASA, Института океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН и Морского гидрофизического института РАН, восстановления концентрации хлорофилла-а (С) по данным спутниковых измерений в видимом диапазоне спектра на основе доступных измерений in situ за период с 1997 по 2015 гг. Результаты сравнения для трех спутниковых сканеров SeaWiFS, MODIS- Aqua и MODIS-Terra показали: 1) стандартный продукт NASA завышает С во всем его диапазоне изменчивости в Чёрном море, причём величина относительной ошибки составляет около 300 %; 2) продукт Института океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова РАН аппроксимируется в логарифмических осях {С^/n situ), С(алгоритм)} прямой, которая имеет такой же наклон, как и аналогичная аппроксимация стандартного продукта NASA, но, благодаря сдвигу в диапазоне С от 0.2 до 0.9 мг-м, лучше соответствует наблюдениям в терминах относительной ошибки (~80 %); 3) продукт Морского гидрофизического института дает наименьшую относительную ошибку (~40 %), но обладает высокой чувствительностью к качеству спектрального коэффициента моря (R^), т. е. к отношению R в двух спектральных каналах из диапазона 480-560 нм.
Protein Corona Liposomes Achieve Efficient Oral Insulin Delivery by Overcoming Mucus and Epithelial Barriers
Authors: Wang Aohua , Yang Tiantian , Fan Weiwei , Yang Yiwei , Zhu Quanlei , Guo Shiyan , Zhu Chunliu , Yuan Yongchun , Zhang Tao , Gan Yong
Published: November 2018

Oral delivery of peptide/protein drugs has attracted worldwide attention due to its good patient compliance and convenience of administration. Orally administered nanocarriers always encounter the rigorous defenses of the gastrointestinal tract, which mainly consist of mucus and epithelium barriers. However, diametrically opposite surface properties of nanocarriers are required for good mucus penetration and high epithelial uptake. Here, bovine serum albumin (BSA) is adsorbed to cationic liposomes (CLs) to form protein corona liposomes (PcCLs). The aim of using PcCLs is to conquer the mucus and epithelium barriers, eventually improving the oral bioavailability of insulin. Investigations using in vitro and in vivo experiments show that the uptake amounts and transepithelial permeability of PcCLs are 3.24‐ and 7.91‐fold higher than that of free insulin, respectively. Further study of the behavior of PcCLs implies that BSA corona can be shed from PcCLs as they cross the mucus layer, which results in the exposure of CLs to improve the transepithelial transport. Intrajejunal administration of PcCLs in type I diabetic rats produces a remarkable hypoglycemic effect and increases the oral bioavailability up to 11.9%. All of these results imply that PcCLs may provide a new insight into the method for oral insulin delivery by overcoming the multiple barriers.
Enabling High and Stable Electrocatalytic Activity of Iron‐Based Perovskite Oxides for Water Splitting by Combined Bulk Doping and Morphology Designing
Authors: Dai Jie , Zhu Yinlong , Zhong Yijun , Miao Jie , Lin Bowen , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: November 2018

The catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are crucial for water splitting technology, and perovskite oxides have received tremendous attention as promising candidates due to the compositional flexibility and rich properties. Here, reported is the successful deployment of cost‐effective iron‐based perovskites into efficient water splitting catalysts with both high activity and stability by combined bulk and morphology tuning strategy. Through constructing 3D ordered macroporous (3DOM) structure of LaFeO3 perovskite, approximately twofold and approximately fourfold enhancement in activity for OER and HER, respectively were realized together with much improved OER durability. By a small amount of cobalt doping, both catalytic activity and stability were further improved with activity comparing favorably to or even outperforming Co‐/Ni‐rich perovskite catalysts. Enhanced performance is correlated with optimized Fe/O species, high surface area, and good charge/mass transport.
Repeatable Room Temperature Negative Differential Resistance in AlN/GaN Resonant Tunneling Diodes Grown on Sapphire
Authors: Wang Ding , Su Juan , Chen Zhaoying , Wang Tao , Yang Liuyun , Sheng Bowen , Lin Shaojun , Rong Xin , Wang Ping , Shi Xiangyang , Tan Wei , Zhang Jian , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo , Liu Yinong , Wang Xinqiang
Published: November 2018

Resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) are candidates for high power terahertz oscillators, and form the basis for understanding the quantum confinement and vertical transport in quantum structures such as quantum cascade lasers and quantum cascade detectors. In this work, repeatable negative differential resistance (NDR) is achieved in AlN/GaN RTDs grown on sapphire substrate by plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy. Two reproducible NDR regions sequentially following two preresonance replicas are demonstrated at room temperature. A current region exhibiting negative correlation with temperature and oscillation‐like features is first identified under reverse bias, which is interpreted as a combined contribution of weak resonant tunneling channels through different bound states in the well. The revealed peak‐to‐valley current ratio ranges from 1.1 to 1.8, and peak current density ranges from 5 to 164 kA cm−2. Using an analytic model, resonant tunneling transports in both bias directions are quantitatively characterized and show good agreements with experiment results, demonstrating the capability of accurate quantum transport control using III‐nitride grown on sapphire substrate. The findings will promote the implementation of low cost III‐nitride monolithic microwave circuits and resonant tunneling structures based on sapphire, SiC, and even silicon substrates.
Improved Hole Injection into Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Using A Black Phosphorus Interlayer
Authors: Ricciardulli Antonio Gaetano , Yang Sheng , Kotadiya Naresh B. , Wetzelaer Gert‐Jan A. H. , Feng Xinliang , Blom Paul W. M.
Published: November 2018

The light‐output and efficiency of perovskite based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is limited by hole injection and high leakage current, generated by a high hole injection barrier and poor perovskite morphology, respectively. Here, a feasible strategy is reported to overcome both constraints by introducing 2D black phosphorus (BP) as hole injection layer in the PeLED stack. A continuous film composed of high‐quality, ultrathin, and large BP sheets on top of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate simultaneously improves the hole injection and morphology of the green‐emitting inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite. Inclusion of the BP enhances the external quantum efficiency of CsPbBr3 based PeLEDs from 0.7% to 2.8%.
High Thermoelectric Performance in Polycrystalline SnSe Via Dual‐Doping with Ag/Na and Nanostructuring With Ag8SnSe6
Authors: Luo Yubo , Cai Songting , Hua Xia , Chen Haijie , Liang Qinghua , Du Chengfeng , Zheng Yun , Shen Junhua , Xu Jianwei , Wolverton Chris , Dravid Vinayak P. , Yan Qingyu , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: November 2018

Single crystalline SnSe is one of the most intriguing new thermoelectric materials but the thermoelectric performance of polycrystalline SnSe seems to lag significantly compared to that of a single crystal. Here an effective strategy for enhancing the thermoelectric performance of p‐type polycrystalline SnSe by Ag/Na dual‐doping and Ag8SnSe6 (STSe) nanoprecipitates is reported. The Ag/Na dual‐doping leads to a two orders of magnitude increase in carrier concentration and a convergence of valence bands (VBM1 and VBM5), which in turn results in sharp enhancement of electrical conductivities and high Seebeck coefficients in the Ag/Na dual‐doped samples. Additionally, the SnSe matrix becomes nanostructured with dispersed nanoprecipitates of the compound Ag8SnSe6, which further strengthens the scattering of phonons. Specifically, ≈20% reduction in the already ultralow lattice thermal conductivity is realized for the Sn0.99Na0.01Se–STSe sample at 773 K compared to the thermal conductivity of pure SnSe. Consequently, a peak thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of 1.33 at 773 K with a high average ZT (ZTave) value of 0.91 (423–823 K) is achieved for the Sn0.99Na0.01Se–STSe sample.
Patterns of olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis identified by hierarchical cluster analysis and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Morse Justin C. , Shilts Meghan H. , Ely Kim A. , Li Ping , Sheng Quanhu , Huang Li‐Ching , Wannemuehler Todd J. , Chowdhury Naweed I. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Das Suman R. , Turner Justin H.
Published: November 2018

Background

Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We previously identified several cytokines potentially linked to smell loss, potentially supporting an inflammatory etiology for CRS‐associated olfactory dysfunction. In the current study we sought to validate patterns of olfactory dysfunction in CRS using hierarchical cluster analysis, machine learning algorithms, and multivariate regression.

Methods

CRS patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery were administered the Smell Identification Test (SIT) preoperatively. Mucus was collected from the middle meatus using an absorbent polyurethane sponge and 17 inflammatory mediators were assessed using a multiplexed flow‐cytometric bead assay. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to characterize inflammatory patterns and their association with SIT scores. The random forest approach was used to identify cytokines predictive of olfactory function.

Results

One hundred ten patients were enrolled in the study. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified 5 distinct CRS clusters with statistically significant differences in SIT scores observed between individual clusters (p < 0.001). A majority of anosmic patients were found in a single cluster, which was additionally characterized by nasal polyposis (100%) and a high incidence of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (50%) and aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) (33%). A random forest approach identified a strong association between olfaction and the cytokines interleukin (IL)‐5 and IL‐13. Multivariate modeling identified AERD, computed tomography (CT) score, and IL‐2 as the variables most predictive of olfactory function.

Conclusion

Olfactory dysfunction is associated with specific CRS endotypes characterized by severe nasal polyposis, tissue eosinophilia, and AERD. Mucus IL‐2 levels, CT score, and AERD were independently associated with smell loss.
Synthesis and Characteristics of Organic Red‐Emissive Materials Based on Phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole
Authors: Liu Chaoyi , Li Jinyu , Man Xiaxia , Liu Hui , Sun Xiaoyi , Liu Futong , Lu Ping
Published: November 2018

Red emission is one of the three primary colors that are essential for the realization of full‐color displays and solid‐state lightings. A high solid‐state efficiency is a crucial factor for the applications in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, two new donor‐acceptor‐donor type phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole (PIM)‐based derivatives, (2Z,2′Z)‐2,2′‐(1,4‐phenylene)bis(3‐(4‐(1‐phenyl‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazol‐2‐yl)phenyl)acrylonitrile) (PIDSB) and 2,3‐bis(4′‐(1‐phenyl‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)fumaronitrile (PIDPh), are designed and synthesized. Both of them possess high thermal stabilities. PIDPh shows typical characteristics of aggregation‐induced emission enhancement, while PIDSB displays an aggregation‐caused quenching effect. They both exhibit significant red‐shifted emissions compared with PIM owing to intramolecular charge transfer. In the film state, the emission peaks of PIDSB and PIDPh are located at 538 nm and 605 nm with high photoluminescent quantum yields of 63.82 % and 41.26 %, respectively. The non‐doped OLED using PIDPh as the active layer shows the maximum external quantum efficiency of 2.06 % with a very low efficiency roll‐off, and exhibits the electroluminescent peak at 640 nm with a Commission Internationale de l′Éclairage coordinate of (0.617,0.396), meeting well the criteria of red OLEDs.
Autism is a prenatal disorder: Evidence from late gestation brain overgrowth
Authors: Bonnet‐Brilhault Fréderique , Rajerison Toky A. , Paillet Christian , Guimard‐Brunault Marie , Saby Agathe , Ponson Laura , Tripi Gabriele , Malvy Joëlle , Roux Sylvie
Published: November 2018

This retrospective study aimed to specify the critical period for atypical brain development in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using prenatal and postnatal head growth parameters. The sample consisted of 80 Caucasian, unrelated, idiopathic patients with ASD born after 1995. Fetal ultrasound parameters (head circumference [HC], abdominal circumference, and femur length) were obtained during the second and third trimesters of gestation. HC at birth and postnatal parameters at 12 and 24 months of age were also collected. Head overgrowth, assessed by HC, was highlighted during the second (20–26 weeks of amenorrhea) and third (28–36 weeks of amenorrhea) trimesters. Normal growth of body fetal parameters indicated that head overgrowth was not because of overall body overgrowth. Moreover, postnatal results replicated previously and reported head overgrowth. A critical time window for atypical brain development in autism is hypothesized to begin from the 22nd week of amenorrhea. This period is critical for cortical lamination and glial activation. A pathophysiological cascade is suggested with interactions between candidate genes and environmental factors. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1635–1642. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

It is now widely acknowledged in the scientific community, that autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Recent evidence from animal and pathological studies has implicated the in utero period. However, the precise time of onset of abnormal brain development remains unknown. This retrospective study reports novel findings, identifying an atypical head growth trajectory in children with autism, during the in utero period (after the 22nd week of amenorrhea). In the same children, postnatal head overgrowth was also observed. Late gestation is identified as a critical period for atypical brain development underlying autism symptoms.
Improving surgical outcomes through benchmarking
Authors: Staiger R D , Schwandt H , Puhan M A , Clavien P-A
Published: November 2018

Benchmarking is a popular quality-improvement tool in economic practice. Its basic principle consists of identifying the best (the benchmark), then comparing with the best, and learning from the best. In healthcare, the concept of benchmarking or establishing benchmarks has been less specific, where comparisons often do not target the best, but the average results. The goal, however, remains improvement in patient outcome. This article outlines the application of benchmarking and proposes a standard approach of benchmark determination in surgery, including the establishment of best achievable real-world postoperative outcomes. Parameters used for this purpose must be reproducible, objective and universal. A systematic approach for determining benchmarks enables self-assessment of surgical outcome and facilitates the detection of areas for improvement. The intention of benchmarking is to stimulate surgeons' genuine endeavour for perfection, rather than to judge centre or surgeon performance.
The neurological phenotype of developmental motor patterns during early childhood
Authors: Kuiper Marieke J. , Brandsma Rick , Lunsing Roelineke J. , Eggink Hendriekje , ter Horst Hendrik J. , Bos Arend F. , Sival Deborah A.
Published: November 2018

Introduction

During early childhood, typical human motor behavior reveals a gradual transition from automatic motor patterns to acquired motor skills, by the continuous interplay between nature and nurture. During the wiring and shaping of the underlying motor networks, insight into the neurological phenotype of developmental motor patterns is incomplete. In healthy, typically developing children (0–3 years of age), we therefore aimed to investigate the neurological phenotype of developmental motor patterns.

Methods

In 32 healthy, typically developing children (0–3 years), we video‐recorded spontaneous motor behavior, general movements (GMs), and standardized motor tasks. We classified the motor patterns by: (a) the traditional neurodevelopmental approach, by Gestalt perception and (b) the classical neurological approach, by the clinical phenotypic determination of movement disorder features. We associated outcomes by Cramer's V.

Results

Developmental motor patterns revealed (a) choreatic‐like features (≤3 months; associated with fidgety GMs (r = 0.732) and startles (r = 0.687)), (b) myoclonic‐like features (≤3 months; associated with fidgety GMs (r = 0.878) and startles (r = 0.808)), (c) dystonic‐like features (0–3 years; associated with asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (r = 0.641) and voluntary movements (r = 0.517)), and (d) ataxic‐like features (>3 months; associated with voluntary movements (r = 0.928)).

Conclusions

In healthy infants and toddlers (0–3 years), typical developmental motor patterns reveal choreatic‐, myoclonic‐, dystonic‐ and ataxic‐like features. The transient character of these neurological phenotypes is placed in perspective of the physiological shaping of the underlying motor centers. Neurological phenotypic insight into developmental motor patterns can contribute to adequate discrimination between ontogenetic and initiating pathological movement features and to adequate interpretation of therapeutic interactions.
Validation of the preoperative controlling nutritional status score as an independent predictor in a large Chinese cohort of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Xu Hang , Tan Ping , Jin Xi , Ai Jianzhong , Lin Tianhai , Lei Haoran , Yang Lu , Wei Qiang
Published: November 2018

Background

Pretreatment controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score is a novel index which was used to predict outcomes in cancer patients. We aim to explore the prognostic significance of CONUT score in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).

Patients and methods

A total of 662 UTUC patients between 2004 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into three groups based on CONUT score (Normal: 0‐1; Light: 2‐4; Moderate/severe: 5‐12). Associations of CONUT score with oncological outcomes were analyzed using Logistic and Cox regression analysis. Harrell concordance index was used to assess the predictive accuracy of the multivariate models. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to tumor grade and stage.

Results

The median follow‐up duration was 41 months. Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that high CONUT score was independently associated with high‐grade disease, high pT stage, lymphovascular invasion, sessile carcinoma, variant histology, and positive surgical margins (each P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CONUT score 5‐12 was an independent factor for worse cancer‐specific survival (CSS, hazard ratio [HR]:2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55‐3.68, P < 0.0001), disease recurrence‐free‐survival (RFS, HR: 1.80, 95% CI 1.24‐2.60, P = 0.002), and overall survival (OS, HR: 2.26, 95% CI 1.53‐3.34, P < 0.0001). The estimated c‐index of the multivariate models for CSS, RFS, and OS increased from 0.755, 0.715 and 0.745 to 0.772, 0.723, and 0.756 when CONUT score supplemented. Subgroup analyses showed that especially in patients with high‐grade carcinoma and advanced stage (≥pT3), higher CONUT score predicts decreased CSS, RFS, and OS (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Preoperative CONUT score is a negative independent prognostic indicator for both pathologic and survival outcomes in UTUC, especially in those with high‐grade carcinoma and advanced stage. Adding this parameter into our clinical prediction model is appropriate so as to improve its predictive accuracy.
A rare case of hepatosplenic gamma‐delta T‐cell lymphoma and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Brandt Philip H. , Rahmat Leena T. , Ali Syed S.
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical Message

Hepatosplenic gamma‐delta T‐cell lymphoma with concurrent hemophogocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare but well‐recognized clinical scenario, associated with a grim prognosis. Clinicians must be aware of this aggressive type of lymphoma so that a prompt diagnosis can be made with timely initiation of systemic therapy and referral for bone marrow transplant.
Value for the calorie?—Corporate social responsibility and benchmarking analysis of calorie efficiency in food retailing
Authors: Jensen Jørgen Dejgård , Sommer Iben , Hansen Gitte Laub
Published: November 2018

The potential role of food retailing as a determinant for the growth in obesity prevalence has been the subject of a number of studies in the literature. This paper develops and demonstrates a corporate social responsibility evaluation tool—calorie efficiency—to benchmark a specific retail chain's corporate sustainability performance in promoting healthier food choice at the consumers, based on household panel shopping data for five food categories. The studied retail chain has performed slightly better than its closest competitors for four of the five product categories, when adjusted for changes in the retailers' customer population. The results demonstrate the importance of adjusting for changes in customer population when undertaking such benchmarking—especially when the food retail sector undergoes substantial structural developments. The developed framework can rather straightforwardly be transferred to other domains, such as business activities' impacts on climate change or the environment.
Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of vitreous specimens does not contribute to diagnosis of lymphoma without supporting morphologic features
Authors: Cantu Colby A. , Green Cynthia L. , Cummings Thomas J. , Liu Beiyu , Dash Rajesh C.
Published: November 2018

Background

Diagnostic vitrectomy with flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCI) is being increasingly used as part of screening for diagnostically challenging cases. We aim to evaluate the utility of combined cytopathology and FCI in diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy. We also aim to evaluate cytologic features that could potentially predict FCI outcomes. This study provides clearer indications for use of FCI in diagnostic vitrectomy.

Methods

A case series of diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy specimens from 2010 to 2016 from a single institution was retrospectively evaluated. Associations between cytologic features and FCI were analyzed statistically.

Results

Ninety‐nine vitrectomy specimens (90 patients) were evaluated. Evaluation was diagnostic in 39 of 99 (39.4%) specimens. FCI was performed in 66 of 73 (90.4%) specimens collected for lymphoma indication, and 9 of those 66 FCIs (13.6%) demonstrated abnormal lymphocytes. FCI was performed in 10 of 26 (38.5%) specimens collected for non‐lymphomatous indications; all 10 FCIs failed to demonstrate lymphocyte abnormality. The absence of large lymphocytes frequently demonstrated negative FCI (negative predictive value = 97.7%), and was the sole cytologic feature significantly associated with a negative FCI result [OR, 14.0; 95% CI, 1.65‐635.6; P = .034].

Conclusions

Diagnostic vitrectomy with cytopathology evaluation is valuable, and concomitant FCI is useful to confirm intraocular lymphoma. However, the absence of large lymphocytes on cytologic examination is the single significant predictor of a negative FCI, and this finding should preclude the use of FCI.
The green city citizen: Exploring the ambiguities of sustainable lifestyles in Copenhagen
Authors: Winter Amanda K.
Published: November 2018

Sustainable lifestyles research to date reveals a need for empirical insight to how it is defined in practice within the context of societal change. This article attends to this gap by demonstrating how sustainable lifestyles are understood in one of the world's “greenest” cities: Copenhagen (DK). On the basis of ethnographic field research with local policy‐makers and sustainability‐oriented community groups, I found that a dominant theme reflects Copenhagen's green city policy goals, as it envisions a techno‐moral, energy‐efficient citizen. Three contradictions were evident in this imaginary: privilege (class), suburbanites (scale), and disincentivizing (measurement). I give examples of how this green city citizen imaginary is inserted in policy, which demonstrates a disjuncture between how sustainable lifestyles are understood in practice and theory. This study empirically contributes to the ambiguous concept of sustainable lifestyles, while shedding light on potential social tensions of technocentric green city policy.
Effectiveness of the European Society of Cardiology/Heart Failure Association website ‘heartfailurematters.org’ and an e‐health adjusted care pathway in patients with stable heart failure: results of the ‘e‐Vita HF’ randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wagenaar Kim P. , Broekhuizen Berna D.L. , Jaarsma Tiny , Kok Ilse , Mosterd Arend , Willems Frank F. , Linssen Gerard C.M. , Agema Willem R.P. , Anneveldt Sander , Lucas Carolien M.H.B. , Mannaerts Herman F.J. , Wajon Elly M.C.J. , Dickstein Kenneth , Cramer Maarten J. , Landman Marcel A.J. , Hoes Arno W. , Rutten Frans H.
Published: November 2018

Background

Efficient incorporation of e‐health in patients with heart failure (HF) may enhance health care efficiency and patient empowerment. We aimed to assess the effect on self‐care of (i) the European Society of Cardiology/Heart Failure Association website ‘heartfailurematters.org’ on top of usual care, and (ii) an e‐health adjusted care pathway leaving out ‘in person’ routine HF nurse consultations in stable HF patients.

Methods and results

In a three‐group parallel‐randomized trial in stable HF patients from nine Dutch outpatient clinics, we compared two interventions (
heartfailurematters.org website and an e‐health adjusted care pathway) to usual care. The primary outcome was self‐care measured with the European Heart Failure Self‐care Behaviour Scale. Secondary outcomes were health status, mortality, and hospitalizations. In total, 450 patients were included. The mean age was 66.8 ± 11.0 years, 74.2% were male, and 78.8% classified themselves as New York Heart Association I or II at baseline. After 3 months of follow‐up, the mean score on the self‐care scale was significantly higher in the groups using the website and the adjusted care pathway compared to usual care (73.5 vs. 70.8, 95% confidence interval 0.6–6.2; and 78.2 vs. 70.8, 95% confidence interval 3.8– 9.4, respectively). The effect attenuated, until no differences after 1 year between the groups. Quality of life showed a similar pattern. Other secondary outcomes did not clearly differ between the groups.

Conclusions

Both the heartfailurematters.org website and an e‐health adjusted care pathway improved self‐care in HF patients on the short term, but not on the long term. Continuous updating of e‐health facilities could be helpful to sustain effects.

Clinical Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01755988.
CD300 receptor family in viral infections
Authors: Vitallé Joana , Terrén Iñigo , Orrantia Ane , Zenarruzabeitia Olatz , Borrego Francisco
Published: November 2018

The CD300 molecules constitute an evolutionarily significant family of receptors that are expressed on myeloid and lymphoid cells, but also on other cell types, such as tuft cells. Many of the CD300 receptors have been shown to recognize lipids, e.g. phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Over the past couple of years, accumulating evidence has shown that this family of receptors is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Specifically, CD300 molecules participate in the mechanisms that viruses employ to develop immune evasion strategies and to infect host cells. The participation of CD300 molecules in viral infection includes both lipid dependent and independent mechanisms, as for example in infections with dengue virus (DENV) and murine norovirus (MNV), respectively. CD300 receptors are also involved in viral escape mechanisms, for instance inhibiting NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against infected cells. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly recognized that the expression of CD300 receptors is altered during viral diseases. Here, we review the involvement of human and murine CD300 molecules in viral binding and entry and in cellular responses to viruses, which highlights the potential of CD300 molecules in the search of new biomarkers for various stages of infection and therapeutic targets for the treatment of viral infections.
Early Cretaceous arc granitoids from the central Lhasa subterrane: Production of the northward subduction of Yarlung Zangbo Neo‐Tethyan Ocean?
Authors: Zheng Hao , Huang Qiang‐Tai , Cai Zhou‐Rong , Zhang Kai‐Jun , Liu Hui‐Chuan , Cheng Chen , Lu Li‐Juang , Yang Peng , Yu Sheng‐rui
Published: November 2018

There is ongoing debate as to the genesis of the Lhasa Terrane during the Mesozoic (northward subduction of Yanglu‐Zangbo Tethyan Ocean [YZTO] or southward subduction of Bangong–Nujiang Tethyan Ocean [BNTO]). In this paper, we report a dataset of geochronology, geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes for the Azhale granitoids in order to elucidate the dominant geodynamic processes of the central subterrane. These rocks are dated at 142.2 ± 1.0 and 136.6 ± 0.6 Ma by zircon LA–ICP–MS method, indicating that these rocks were contemporaneous. In situ zircon Hf isotopic analyses yielded εHf(t) values of −4.2 to −0.1. Geochemically, these samples mostly belong to calc‐alkaline series and show strong enrichments in large‐ion lithophile elements (LILE;e.g., Rb, Ba, and Th) and depletions in high‐field‐strength elements (HFSE;e.g., Nb and Ta), indicating the Azhale granitoids are typically I‐type granite. In terms of isotopic composition, these rocks also have low εNd(t) values (−6.51 to −6.80) and high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7078 to 0.7084) relative to melts derived from partial melting of ancient mafic lower crust. We considered that these rocks should be interpreted to have resulted from melting, assimilation, storage, and homogenization (MASH process) above subduction zones. In conclusion, combined with the published and our new data, we argued for the petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous arc‐related granitoids were due to the YZTO lithosphere subducted northward beneath the Lhasa Terrane.
Transcription factor MafB contributes to the activation of spinal microglia underlying neuropathic pain development
Authors: Tozaki‐Saitoh Hidetoshi , Masuda Junya , Kawada Ryu , Kojima Chinami , Yoneda Sosuke , Masuda Takahiro , Inoue Kazuhide , Tsuda Makoto
Published: November 2018

Microglia, which are pathological effectors and amplifiers in the central nervous system, undergo various forms of activation. A well‐studied microglial‐induced pathological paradigm, spinal microglial activation following peripheral nerve injury (PNI), is a key event for the development of neuropathic pain but the transcription factors contributing to microglial activation are less understood. Herein, we demonstrate that MafB, a dominant transcriptional regulator of mature microglia, is involved in the pathology of a mouse model of neuropathic pain. PNI caused a rapid and marked increase of MafB expression selectively in spinal microglia but not in neurons. We also found that the microRNA mir‐152 in the spinal cord which targets MafB expression decreased after PNI, and intrathecal administration of mir‐152 mimic suppressed the development of neuropathic pain. Reduced MafB expression using heterozygous Mafb deficient mice and by intrathecal administration of siRNA alleviated the development of PNI‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Furthermore, we found that intrathecal transfer of Mafb deficient microglia did not induce mechanical hypersensitivity and that conditional Mafb knockout mice did not develop neuropathic pain after PNI. We propose that MafB is a key mediator of the PNI‐induced phenotypic alteration of spinal microglia and neuropathic pain development.
Targeting the arginine metabolic brake enhances immunotherapy for leukaemia
Authors: Mussai Francis , Wheat Rachel , Sarrou Evgenia , Booth Sarah , Stavrou Victoria , Fultang Livingstone , Perry Tracey , Kearns Pamela , Cheng Paul , Keeshan Karen , Craddock Charles , De Santo Carmela
Published: November 2018

Therapeutic approaches which aim to target Acute Myeloid Leukaemia through enhancement of patients’ immune responses have demonstrated limited efficacy to date, despite encouraging preclinical data. Examination of AML patients treated with azacitidine (AZA) and vorinostat (VOR) in a Phase II trial, demonstrated an increase in the expression of Cancer‐Testis Antigens (MAGE, RAGE, LAGE, SSX2 and TRAG3) on blasts and that these can be recognised by circulating antigen‐specific T cells. Although the T cells have the potential to be activated by these unmasked antigens, the low arginine microenvironment created by AML blast Arginase II activity acts a metabolic brake leading to T cell exhaustion. T cells exhibit impaired proliferation, reduced IFN‐γ release and PD‐1 up‐regulation in response to antigen stimulation under low arginine conditions. Inhibition of arginine metabolism enhanced the proliferation and cytotoxicity of anti‐NY‐ESO T cells against AZA/VOR treated AML blasts, and can boost anti‐CD33 Chimeric Antigen Receptor‐T cell cytotoxicity. Therefore, measurement of plasma arginine concentrations in combination with therapeutic targeting of arginase activity in AML blasts could be a key adjunct to immunotherapy.
Bilateral vocal cord paralysis in a patient with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Zhou Guojun , Wu Min , Xia WeiSheng
Published: November 2018

A 65‐yr old female developed bilateral vocal cord paralysis following thoracoscopy and pulmonary resection. Surgery, which was performed using a thoracoscope and with lung separation techniques, proceeded without complication. She was transferred to the ICU after surgery and extubated on the third postoperative day when she complained of persistent severe hoarseness and dysphasia. She was subsequently diagnosed with myasthenia gravis and bilateral vocal cord paralysis due to bulbar muscle fatigue. Treatment was with prednisolone and pyridostigmine bromide. Oesophageal function recovered on the twenty‐second day and she regained her normal voice four weeks later. We describe this rare cause of postoperative hoarseness and discuss the causes.
Anaesthetic implications of Sotos syndrome
Authors: Ahmed Sohel , Elhadi Musab
Published: November 2018

We describe a case of Sotos syndrome in a 7‐year‐old girl presenting for a daycase procedure. The pathophysiology of the disease and its anaesthetic implications are discussed.