bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial Results and Diurnal Variations Measured by a New Microwave Stratospheric ClO Instrument at Mauna Kea
Authors: Nedoluha Gerald E. , Gomez R. Michael , Boyd Ian , Neal Helen , Parrish Alan , Connor Brian , Mooney Thomas , Siskind David E. , Sagawa Hideo , Santee Michelle
Published: September 2020

We present the first year of ClO and O3 measurements from a new 278 GHz Chlorine monOxide Experiment (ChlOE) microwave instrument on Mauna Kea. We make use of comparisons with the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) O3 measurements to recalibrate the ground‐based instrument and find that the recalibrated ground‐based O3 retrievals remain stable relative to MLS throughout the year. The MLS measurements provide daily daytime (~1330 local solar time) and nighttime (~0200 local solar time) ClO retrievals, and we find that the monthly ChlOE ClO retrievals show mixing ratios slightly smaller than those from MLS in the vicinity of Mauna Kea, with daytime values near the peak ~6–8% lower at 30–45 km for the average of the 12 months in this study. The nighttime monthly ClO values are almost all within ±0.03 ppbv over most of this altitude range, with very little overall bias. We have also made detailed hourly diurnal O3 comparisons with a multiyear analysis of previous retrievals from the much stronger 110 GHz O3 emission line being measured by our instrument at Mauna Loa and find that the hour‐to‐hour differences are within ±2% at 40 km, which indicates that the overall calibration of the ChlOE instrument is stable relative to time of day. We show hourly diurnal variations of ClO and compare these to 2010 measurements from the Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder and to a model.
Estimation of Tsunami Characteristics from Deposits: Inverse Modeling Using a Deep‐Learning Neural Network
Authors: Mitra Rimali , Naruse Hajime , Abe Tomoya
Published: September 2020

Tsunami deposits provide information for estimating the magnitude and flow conditions of paleotsunamis, and inverse models have potential for reconstructing hydraulic conditions of tsunamis from their deposits. The majority of the previously proposed models are based on oversimplified assumptions and possess some limitations. We present a new inverse model based on the FITTNUSS model, which incorporates nonuniform and unsteady transport of suspended sediment and turbulent mixing. The present model uses a deep neural network (DNN) for the inversion method. In this method, forward model calculations are repeated for random initial flow conditions (e.g., maximum inundation length, flow velocity, maximum flow depth, and sediment concentration) to produce artificial training data sets of depositional characteristics such as thickness and grain‐size distribution. The DNN was then trained to establish a general inverse model based on artificial data sets derived from the forward model. Tests conducted using independent artificial data sets indicated that this trained DNN can reconstruct the original flow conditions from the characteristics of the deposits. Finally, the model was applied to a data set of 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami deposits. The predicted results of flow conditions were verified by the observational records at Sendai plain. Jackknife resampling was applied to estimate the precision of the result. The estimated results of the flow velocity and maximum flow depth were approximately 5.4 ± 0.1 m/s and 4.1 ± 0.2 m, respectively, after the uncertainty analysis. The DNN shows promise for reconstruction of tsunami characteristics from its deposits, which would help in estimating the hydraulic conditions of paleotsunamis.
Association between the microbiomes of tonsil and saliva samples isolated from pediatric patients subjected to tonsillectomy for the treatment of tonsillar hyperplasia
Authors: Choi Da Hyeon , Park Jiwon , Choi Ju Kwang , Lee Kyeong Eun , Lee Won Hee , Yang Jinho , Lee Ju Yeon , Park Yoon Jeong , Oh Chan , Won Ho-Ryun , Koo Bon Seok , Chang Jae Won , Park Yoon Shin
Published: September 2020

Oral microbes have the capacity to spread throughout the gastrointestinal system and are strongly associated with multiple diseases. Given that tonsils are located between the oral cavity and the laryngopharynx at the gateway of the alimentary and respiratory tracts, tonsillar tissue may also be affected by microbiota from both the oral cavity (saliva) and the alimentary tract. Here, we analyzed the distribution and association of the microbial communities in the saliva and tonsils of Korean children subjected to tonsillectomy because of tonsil hyperplasia (n = 29). The microbiome profiles of saliva and tonsils were established via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Based on the alpha diversity indices, the microbial communities of the two groups showed high similarities. According to Spearman’s ranking correlation analysis, the distribution ofTreponema, the causative bacterium of periodontitis, in saliva and tonsils was found to have a significant positive correlation. Two representative microbes,Prevotellain saliva andAlloprevotellain tonsils, were negatively correlated, whileTreponema 2showed a strong positive correlation between saliva and tonsils. Taken together, strong similarities in the microbial communities of the tonsils and saliva are evident in terms of diversity and composition. The saliva microbiome is expected to significantly affect the tonsil microbiome. Furthermore, we suggest that our study creates an opportunity for tonsillar microbiome research to facilitate the development of novel microbiome-based therapeutic strategies.
Heterochromatin: an epigenetic point of view in aging
Authors: Lee Jong-Hyuk , Kim Edward W. , Croteau Deborah L. , Bohr Vilhelm A.
Published: September 2020

Aging is an inevitable process of life. Defined by progressive physiological and functional loss of tissues and organs, aging increases the risk of mortality for the organism. The aging process is affected by various factors, including genetic and epigenetic ones. Here, we review the chromatin-specific epigenetic changes that occur during normal (chronological) aging and in premature aging diseases. Taking advantage of the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, we will also discuss possible lifespan expansion strategies through epigenetic modulation, which was considered irreversible until recently.
Amphiphilic silver nanoclusters show active nano–bio interaction with compelling antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Chen Yongjiu , Ren Liting , Sun Lingxiao , Bai Xuan , Zhuang Guoqiang , Cao Bin , Hu Guoqing , Zheng Nanfeng , Liu Sijin
Published: September 2020

Multidrug resistance represents a growing threat to human beings, and alternative antimicrobial regimens to conventional antibiotic paradigms are being extensively searched to fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB). Although the antimicrobial potency of silver nanomaterials (AgNMs) has been previously elaborated, their efficacy against MDRB still remains to be strengthened. Here, our data revealed that small-sized silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) are superior to conventional silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as robust antimicrobials against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The core structure and surface ligands of AgNCs are crucial for the outstanding antibacterial activity of AgNCs. On the one hand, due to the presence of amphiphilic ligands, AgNCs are relatively prone to associate with the cell membrane and partake in endocytosis with targeted bacterial cells. Molecular dynamics simulations also corroborated this finding. On the other hand, the nanocluster structure of AgNCs led to strong peroxidase-like activity associated with massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to their overall bactericidal potency. These outstanding features of AgNCs result in elevated bacterial killing efficacy by impairing the cell wall/membrane, promoting oxidative stress and attenuating pivotal cellular processes, e.g., ATP synthesis. Notably, AgNCs manifested great efficacy in treating P. aeruginosa-generated pneumonia in mice and increased the survival of infected animals, as well as exhibited excellent biocompatibility. Taken together, the results of this study pinpoint the great promise of AgNCs as new alternative therapeutics against MDR P. aeruginosa.
Geometric pinning and antimixing in scaffolded lipid vesicles
Authors: Rinaldin Melissa , Fonda Piermarco , Giomi Luca , Kraft Daniela J.
Published: September 2020

Previous studies on the phase behaviour of multicomponent lipid bilayers found an intricate interplay between membrane geometry and its composition, but a fundamental understanding of curvature-induced effects remains elusive. Thanks to a combination of experiments on lipid vesicles supported by colloidal scaffolds and theoretical work, we demonstrate that the local geometry and global chemical composition of the bilayer determine both the spatial arrangement and the amount of mixing of the lipids. In the mixed phase, a strong geometrical anisotropy can give rise to an antimixed state, where the lipids are mixed, but their relative concentration varies across the membrane. After phase separation, the bilayer organizes in multiple lipid domains, whose location is pinned in specific regions, depending on the substrate curvature and the bending rigidity of the lipid domains. Our results provide critical insights into the phase separation of cellular membranes and, more generally, two-dimensional fluids on curved substrates.
Spin-orbit quantum impurity in a topological magnet
Authors: Yin Jia-Xin , Shumiya Nana , Jiang Yuxiao , Zhou Huibin , Macam Gennevieve , Sura Hano Omar Mohammad , Zhang Songtian S. , Cheng Zi-Jia , Guguchia Zurab , Li Yangmu , Wang Qi , Litskevich Maksim , Belopolski Ilya , Yang Xian P. , Cochran Tyler A. , Chang Guoqing , Zhang Qi , Huang Zhi-Quan , Chuang Feng-Chuan , Lin Hsin , Lei Hechang , Andersen Brian M. , Wang Ziqiang , Jia Shuang , Hasan M. Zahid
Published: September 2020

Quantum states induced by single-atomic impurities are at the frontier of physics and material science. While such states have been reported in high-temperature superconductors and dilute magnetic semiconductors, they are unexplored in topological magnets which can feature spin-orbit tunability. Here we use spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) to study the engineered quantum impurity in a topological magnet Co3Sn2S2. We find that each substituted In impurity introduces a striking localized bound state. Our systematic magnetization-polarized probe reveals that this bound state is spin-down polarized, in lock with a negative orbital magnetization. Moreover, the magnetic bound states of neighboring impurities interact to form quantized orbitals, exhibiting an intriguing spin-orbit splitting, analogous to the splitting of the topological fermion line. Our work collectively demonstrates the strong spin-orbit effect of the single-atomic impurity at the quantum level, suggesting that a nonmagnetic impurity can introduce spin-orbit coupled magnetic resonance in topological magnets.
Mitochondrial CaMKII causes adverse metabolic reprogramming and dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Luczak Elizabeth D. , Wu Yuejin , Granger Jonathan M. , Joiner Mei-ling A. , Wilson Nicholas R. , Gupta Ashish , Umapathi Priya , Murphy Kevin R. , Reyes Gaido Oscar E. , Sabet Amin , Corradini Eleonora , Tseng Wen-Wei , Wang Yibin , Heck Albert J. R. , Wei An-Chi , Weiss Robert G. , Anderson Mark E.
Published: September 2020

Despite the clear association between myocardial injury, heart failure and depressed myocardial energetics, little is known about upstream signals responsible for remodeling myocardial metabolism after pathological stress. Here, we report increased mitochondrial calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) activation and left ventricular dilation in mice one week after myocardial infarction (MI) surgery. By contrast, mice with genetic mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition are protected from left ventricular dilation and dysfunction after MI. Mice with myocardial and mitochondrial CaMKII overexpression (mtCaMKII) have severe dilated cardiomyopathy and decreased ATP that causes elevated cytoplasmic resting (diastolic) Ca2+ concentration and reduced mechanical performance. We map a metabolic pathway that rescues disease phenotypes in mtCaMKII mice, providing insights into physiological and pathological metabolic consequences of CaMKII signaling in mitochondria. Our findings suggest myocardial dilation, a disease phenotype lacking specific therapies, can be prevented by targeted replacement of mitochondrial creatine kinase or mitochondrial-targeted CaMKII inhibition.
A direct coupled electrochemical system for capture and conversion of CO2 from oceanwater
Authors: Digdaya Ibadillah A. , Sullivan Ian , Lin Meng , Han Lihao , Cheng Wen-Hui , Atwater Harry A. , Xiang Chengxiang
Published: September 2020

Capture and conversion of CO2 from oceanwater can lead to net-negative emissions and can provide carbon source for synthetic fuels and chemical feedstocks at the gigaton per year scale. Here, we report a direct coupled, proof-of-concept electrochemical system that uses a bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED) cell and a vapor-fed CO2 reduction (CO2R) cell to capture and convert CO2 from oceanwater. The BPMED cell replaces the commonly used water-splitting reaction with one-electron, reversible redox couples at the electrodes and demonstrates the ability to capture CO2 at an electrochemical energy consumption of 155.4 kJ mol−1 or 0.98 kWh kg−1 of CO2 and a CO2 capture efficiency of 71%. The direct coupled, vapor-fed CO2R cell yields a total Faradaic efficiency of up to 95% for electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO. The proof-of-concept system provides a unique technological pathway for CO2 capture and conversion from oceanwater with only electrochemical processes.
Changing local recombination patterns in Arabidopsis by CRISPR/Cas mediated chromosome engineering
Authors: Schmidt Carla , Fransz Paul , Rönspies Michelle , Dreissig Steven , Fuchs Jörg , Heckmann Stefan , Houben Andreas , Puchta Holger
Published: September 2020

Chromosomal inversions are recurrent rearrangements that occur between different plant isolates or cultivars. Such inversions may underlie reproductive isolation in evolution and represent a major obstacle for classical breeding as no crossovers can be observed between inverted sequences on homologous chromosomes. The heterochromatic knob (hk4S) on chromosome 4 is the most well-known inversion of Arabidopsis. If a knob carrying accession such as Col-0 is crossed with a knob-less accession such as Ler-1, crossovers cannot be recovered within the inverted region. Our work shows that by egg-cell specific expression of the Cas9 nuclease from Staphylococcus aureus, a targeted reversal of the 1.1 Mb long hk4S-inversion can be achieved. By crossing Col-0 harbouring the rearranged chromosome 4 with Ler-1, meiotic crossovers can be restored into a region with previously no detectable genetic exchange. The strategy of somatic chromosome engineering for breaking genetic linkage has huge potential for application in plant breeding.
The residual stress in as-built Laser Powder Bed Fusion IN718 alloy as a consequence of the scanning strategy induced microstructure
Authors: Serrano-Munoz Itziar , Mishurova Tatiana , Thiede Tobias , Sprengel Maximilian , Kromm Arne , Nadammal Naresh , Nolze Gert , Saliwan-Neumann Romeo , Evans Alexander , Bruno Giovanni
Published: September 2020

The effect of two types of scanning strategies on the grain structure and build-up of Residual Stress (RS) has been investigated in an as-built IN718 alloy produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). The RS state has been investigated by X-ray diffraction techniques. The microstructural characterization was performed principally by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), where the application of a post-measurement refinement technique enables small misorientations (< 2°) to be resolved. Kernel average misorientation (KAM) distributions indicate that preferably oriented columnar grains contain higher levels of misorientation, when compared to elongated grains with lower texture. The KAM distributions combined with X-ray diffraction stress maps infer that the increased misorientation is induced via plastic deformation driven by the thermal stresses, acting to self-relieve stress. The possibility of obtaining lower RS states in the build direction as a consequence of the influence of the microstructure should be considered when envisaging scanning strategies aimed at the mitigation of RS.
Development of a nomogram using fundus photography to predict glaucoma progression in patients showing disc hemorrhage
Authors: Kim Sangah , Park Chan Keum , Kim Eun Woo , Lee Sang Yeop , Seong Gong Je , Kim Chan Yun , Bae Hyoung Won
Published: September 2020

To develop a nomogram to predict the progression of glaucoma by fundus photography in patients with disc hemorrhage. Retrospective review of the medical records of patients with disc hemorrhage, which was detected during follow up with open angle glaucoma, from January 2010 to March 2018. Patients were divided into glaucoma progression (n = 52) or non-progression (n = 38) groups. We assessed proximal location and morphology of disc hemorrhage; relationship to retinal nerve fiber layer defects with disc hemorrhage; and angular extent of disc hemorrhage, between groups using fundus photography. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to select prognostic factors, and we constructed a nomogram to predict glaucoma progression. The number of disc hemorrhage at the border of retinal nerve fiber layer defects (P = 0.001) and peripapillary disc hemorrhage (P = 0.008) were significantly higher in the progression group. We used angular extent; location of disc hemorrhage with retinal nerve fiber layer defects; and proximal location of disc hemorrhage to construct the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the nomogram was 0.847. We created the nomogram using fundus photography in patients showing disc hemorrhage as a novel and accurate screening method to predict glaucoma progression and aid clinicians to decide on the best treatment plan.
A global biophysical typology of mangroves and its relevance for ecosystem structure and deforestation
Authors: Worthington Thomas A. , zu Ermgassen Philine S. E. , Friess Daniel A. , Krauss Ken W. , Lovelock Catherine E. , Thorley Julia , Tingey Rick , Woodroffe Colin D. , Bunting Pete , Cormier Nicole , Lagomasino David , Lucas Richard , Murray Nicholas J. , Sutherland William J. , Spalding Mark
Published: September 2020

Mangrove forests provide many ecosystem services but are among the world’s most threatened ecosystems. Mangroves vary substantially according to their geomorphic and sedimentary setting; while several conceptual frameworks describe these settings, their spatial distribution has not been quantified. Here, we present a new global mangrove biophysical typology and show that, based on their 2016 extent, 40.5% (54,972 km2) of mangrove systems were deltaic, 27.5% (37,411 km2) were estuarine and 21.0% (28,493 km2) were open coast, with lagoonal mangroves the least abundant (11.0%, 14,993 km2). Mangroves were also classified based on their sedimentary setting, with carbonate mangroves being less abundant than terrigenous, representing just 9.6% of global coverage. Our typology provides a basis for future research to incorporate geomorphic and sedimentary setting in analyses. We present two examples of such applications. Firstly, based on change in extent between 1996 and 2016, we show while all types exhibited considerable declines in area, losses of lagoonal mangroves (− 6.9%) were nearly twice that of other types. Secondly, we quantify differences in aboveground biomass between mangroves of different types, with it being significantly lower in lagoonal mangroves. Overall, our biophysical typology provides a baseline for assessing restoration potential and for quantifying mangrove ecosystem service provision.
Maximizing CRISPR/Cas9 phenotype penetrance applying predictive modeling of editing outcomes in Xenopus and zebrafish embryos
Authors: Naert Thomas , Tulkens Dieter , Edwards Nicole A. , Carron Marjolein , Shaidani Nikko-Ideen , Wlizla Marcin , Boel Annekatrien , Demuynck Suzan , Horb Marko E. , Coucke Paul , Willaert Andy , Zorn Aaron M. , Vleminckx Kris
Published: September 2020

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has revolutionized functional genomics in vertebrates. However, CRISPR/Cas9 edited F0 animals too often demonstrate variable phenotypic penetrance due to the mosaic nature of editing outcomes after double strand break (DSB) repair. Even with high efficiency levels of genome editing, phenotypes may be obscured by proportional presence of in-frame mutations that still produce functional protein. Recently, studies in cell culture systems have shown that the nature of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutations can be dependent on local sequence context and can be predicted by computational methods. Here, we demonstrate that similar approaches can be used to forecast CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing outcomes in Xenopus tropicalis, Xenopus laevis, and zebrafish. We show that a publicly available neural network previously trained in mouse embryonic stem cell cultures (InDelphi-mESC) is able to accurately predict CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing outcomes in early vertebrate embryos. Our observations can have direct implications for experiment design, allowing the selection of guide RNAs with predicted repair outcome signatures enriched towards frameshift mutations, allowing maximization of CRISPR/Cas9 phenotype penetrance in the F0 generation.
3D-bioprinted all-inclusive bioanalytical platforms for cell studies
Authors: Mazrouei Roya , Velasco Vanessa , Esfandyarpour Rahim
Published: September 2020

Innovative drug screening platforms should improve the discovery of novel and personalized cancer treatment. Common models such as animals and 2D cell cultures lack the proper recapitulation of organ structure and environment. Thus, a new generation of platforms must consist of cell models that accurately mimic the cells’ microenvironment, along with flexibly prototyped cell handling structures that represent the human environment. Here, we adapted the 3D-bioprinting technology to develop multiple all-inclusive high throughputs and customized organ-on-a-chip-like platforms along with printed 3D-cell structures. Such platforms are potentially capable of performing 3D cell model analysis and cell-therapeutic response studies. We illustrated spherical and rectangular geometries of bio-printed 3D human colon cancer cell constructs. We also demonstrated the utility of directly 3D-bioprinting and rapidly prototyping of PDMS-based microfluidic cell handling arrays in different geometries. Besides, we successfully monitored the post-viability of the 3D-cell constructs for seven days. Furthermore, to mimic the human environment more closely, we integrated a 3D-bioprinted perfused drug screening microfluidics platform. Platform’s channels subject cell constructs to physiological fluid flow, while its concave well array hold and perfused 3D-cell constructs. The bio-applicability of PDMS-based arrays was also demonstrated by performing cancer cell-therapeutic response studies.
Fabrication and characterization of up-converting β-NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+@NaYF4 core–shell nanoparticles for temperature sensing applications
Authors: Giang Lam Thi Kieu , Trejgis Karolina , Marciniak Lukasz , Vu Nguyen , Minh Le Quoc
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the use of soft template method to synthesize core and core–shell up-converting nanoparticles usefull for temperature sensing applications. Based on the stock solutions of core β-NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles and involving soft template method without any additional process of surface functionalization, it is possible to directly design the core–shell β-NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+@NaYF4 nanoparticles, which can be perfectly dispersed in cyclohexane and surfactants like oleic acid (OA), triethanolamine (TEA) or Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The morphological, crystalline and elemental characteristics of samples were investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Selected Area Electron Diffraction patterns and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) measurements. The results showed that the synthesized NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+@NaYF4 core–shell nanoparticles have roughly spherical shape, pure hexagonal β phase with core size of about 35 ± 5 nm and shell thickness of about 40 ± 5 nm. It has been shown that the coating of the β-NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ core with NaYF4 shell layer enables to enhance the green upconversion (UC) emission intensities in respect to red one. Under 976 nm excitation, the synthesized β-NaYF4:2%Er3+,19%Yb3+@NaYF4 core–shell nanoparticles revealed three strong emission bands at 520 nm, 545 nm and 650 nm corresponding to 2H11/2, 4S3/2 and 4F9/2 to 4I15/2 transitions of Er3+ ions with the lifetimes of 215, 193 and 474 µs, respectively. The calculated CIE chromaticity coordinates proved that the emission colour of core–shell nanoparticles was changed from red into yellowish green upon increasing the power density of the 976 nm laser from 0.73 to 9.95 W/cm2. The calculated slopes indicated that in the β-NaYF4:2%Er3+,19%Yb3+@NaYF4 core–shell nanoparticles, two-photon and three-photon UC processes took place simultaneously. Although the former one is similar as in the case of β-NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ bare core nanoparticles, the latter one, three-photon UC process for green emission occurs, due to cross relaxation processes of two Er3+ ions only within nanoparticles with core–shell architecture. Moreover, the energy difference between the 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 levels and associated constant of NaYF4@NaYF4 host lattice were determined and they reached ~ 813 cm−1 and 14.27 (r2 = 0.998), respectively. In order to investigate the suitability of nanoparticles for optical temperature sensing, the emission spectra were measured in a wide temperature range from 158 to 298 K. An exceptionally high value of relative sensitivity was obtained at 158 K and it amounted to 4.25% K−1. Further temperature increase resulted in gradual decrease of relative sensitivity, however, it maintained a high value > 1% K−1 in the entire analyzed temperature range.
Combining microextraction methods with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy towards more selective and sensitive analyte detection by plasmonic metal nanoparticles
Authors: Majeed Shereen A.
Published: September 2020

Raman signals of analytes can be enhanced on the surface of noble nanoparticles by generating SERS signals, which can be further enhanced using microextraction (ME) techniques.
Fluorescent and colorimetric determination of glutathione based on the inner filter effect between silica nanoparticle–gold nanocluster nanocomposites and oxidized 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine
Authors: Zhang Guoyan , Xiang Meihao , Kong Rong-Mei , Qu Fengli
Published: September 2020

A novel and convenient oxTMB/MSN–AuNC based nanoplatform was constructed for the sensitive fluorescent and colorimetric determination of GSH.
Optimized DNA-based biosensor for monitoringLeishmania infantumin human plasma samples using biomacromolecular interaction: a novel platform for infectious disease diagnosis
Authors: Farshchi Fatemeh , Saadati Arezoo , Hasanzadeh Mohammad
Published: September 2020

Leishmaniaparasite identification is very important in clinical studies of leishmaniasis and its diagnosis.
The stable cycling of a high-capacity Bi anode enabled by an in situ-generated Li3PO4 transition layer in a sulfide-based all-solid-state battery
Authors: Li Qin , Cao Yi , Yin Geping , Gao Yunzhi
Published: September 2020

A low-potential Bi anode with long-term cycling stability protected by a Li3PO4 transition layer has been achieved in all-solid-state batteries containing a sulfide-based electrolyte.
Perturbation of liquid droplets of P-granule protein LAF-1 by the antimicrobial peptide LL-III
Authors: Oliva Rosario , Mukherjee Sanjib K. , Fetahaj Zamira , Möbitz Simone , Winter Roland
Published: September 2020

Protein/RNA droplet formation by liquid–liquid phase separation has emerged as a key mechanism for cellular organization. We show that binding of antimicrobial peptides such as LL-III can lead to loss of droplet function.
Enhanced cis- and enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrene catalysed by cytochrome P450BM3 using decoy molecules
Authors: Suzuki Kazuto , Shisaka Yuma , Stanfield Joshua Kyle , Watanabe Yoshihito , Shoji Osami
Published: September 2020

Stereoselectivity of cyclopropanation of styrene catalysed by cytochrome P450BM3 is enhanced in the presence of decoy molecules.
Dimetalla-heterocyclic carbenes: the interconversion of chalcocarbonyl and carbido ligands
Authors: Barnett Harrison J. , Hill Anthony F.
Published: September 2020

Different classes of dirhodium μ-carbido complexes cleave CS2 to afford mono- and bi-nuclear CS complexes, the CSe analogues of which are also described.
An experimentally validated neural-network potential energy surface for H-atom on free-standing graphene in full dimensionality
Authors: Wille Sebastian , Jiang Hongyan , Bünermann Oliver , Wodtke Alec M. , Behler Jörg , Kandratsenka Alexander
Published: September 2020

We present a first principles-quality neural-network potential energy surface describing interactions for a hydrogen atom with free-standing graphene.
On the structure and electronic properties of Fe2V0.8W0.2Al thin films
Authors: Alleno E. , Berche A. , Crivello J.-C. , Diack-Rasselio A. , Jund P.
Published: September 2020

Disordered (bcc – A2) Fe2V0.8W0.2Al is not a semi-metal but a ferromagnetic metal at 0 K, displaying a small Seebeck coefficient at 400 K (<30 μV K−1).
Decoupling the deactivation mechanisms of a cobalt Fischer–Tropsch catalyst operated at high conversion and ‘simulated’ high conversion
Authors: Tucker Chelsea Lyn , Claeys Michael , van Steen Eric
Published: September 2020

In situ magnetometer study shows that high conversions facilitate sintering, reversible Co(ii)O and irreversible CoAl2O4 formation within cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch systems.
A quantitative empirical directing group scale for selectivity in iridium-catalysed hydrogen isotope exchange reactions
Authors: Timofeeva Daria S. , Lindsay David M. , Kerr William J. , Nelson David J.
Published: September 2020

Competition hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) experiments are used to construct quantitative directing group scales for two catalysts; these can be used to predict the outcomes of HIE reactions of substrates with multiple directing groups.
Biodegradation kinetics testing of two hydrophobic UVCBs – potential for substrate toxicity supports testing at low concentrations
Authors: Hammershøj Rikke , Sjøholm Karina K. , Birch Heidi , Brandt Kristian K. , Mayer Philipp
Published: September 2020

This study assesses the impact of test concentration and potential mixture toxicity on biodegradation kinetics for individual constituents in two UVCB substances, diesel oil and lavender oil.
Investigating the calcium binding characteristics of black bean protein hydrolysate
Authors: Wang Man , Zheng Zhaojun , Liu Chunhuan , Sun Hong , Liu Yuanfa
Published: September 2020

Ficin hydrolysate of black bean protein exhibited strong calcium binding capacity, which was further optimized by RSM, and the hydrolysate bound with calcium ions mainly via carboxyl oxygen atoms and amino nitrogen atoms.
Integration of paper microfluidic sensors into contact lenses for tear fluid analysis
Authors: Moreddu Rosalia , Elsherif Mohamed , Adams Hadie , Moschou Despina , Cordeiro Maria F. , Wolffsohn James S. , Vigolo Daniele , Butt Haider , Cooper Jonathan M. , Yetisen Ali K.
Published: September 2020

Paper microfluidic sensors were integrated into laser-inscribed contact lenses to provide an in situ platform for tear analysis with smartphone readouts.
Seleno-l-methionine suppresses copper-enhanced zinc-induced neuronal cell deathviainduction of glutathione peroxidase
Authors: Nakano Yukari , Shimoda Mikako , Okudomi Saki , Kawaraya Sayuri , Kawahara Masahiro , Tanaka Ken-ichiro
Published: September 2020

Excessive zinc ion (Zn2+) release is induced in pathological situations and causes neuronal cell death. Previously, we have reported that copper ions (Cu2+) markedly exacerbated Zn2+-induced neuronal cell death by potentiating oxidative stress, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, and the activation of the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. In contrast, selenium (Se), an essential trace element, and amino acids containing selenium (such as seleno-l-methionine) have been reported to inhibit stress-induced neuronal cell death and oxidative stress. Thus, we investigated the effect of seleno-l-methionine on Cu2+/Zn2+-induced neuronal cell death in GT1–7 cells. Seleno-l-methionine treatment clearly restored the Cu2+/Zn2+-induced decrease in the viable cell number and attenuated the Cu2+/Zn2+-induced cytotoxicity. Accordingly, the levels of ER stress-related factors (especially, CHOP and GADD34) and of phosphorylated JNK increased upon CuCl2 and ZnCl2 co-treatment, whereas pre-treatment with seleno-l-methionine significantly suppressed these upregulations. Analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as upstream factors of these pathways revealed that Cu2+/Zn2+-induced ROS production was clearly suppressed by seleno-l-methionine treatment. Finally, we found that seleno-l-methionine induced the antioxidative protein, glutathione peroxidase. Taken together, our findings suggest that seleno-l-methionine suppresses Cu2+/Zn2+-induced neuronal cell death and oxidative stress via induction of glutathione peroxidase. Thus, we think that seleno-l-methionine may help prevent refractory neurological diseases.
Iodoferrocene as a partner inN-arylation of amides
Authors: Kadari Lingaswamy , Erb William , Roisnel Thierry , Radha Krishna Palakodety , Mongin Florence
Published: September 2020

A general copper-promoted amidation of iodoferrocene is described toward original scaffolds that can be further functionalized by cross-coupling reactions.
A hybrid transition metal nanocrystal-embedded graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet system as a superior oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Niu Wen-Jun , He Jin-Zhong , Wang Ya-Ping , Sun Qiao-Qiao , Liu Wen-Wu , Zhang Lu-Yin , Liu Mao-Cheng , Liu Ming-Jin , Chueh Yu-Lun
Published: September 2020

A general solid-phase pyrolysis method was developed to synthesize the hybrid transition metals nanocrystals-embedded graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (M-CNNs) as highly efficient oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs).
Isolated flat bands and physics of mixed dimensions in a 2D covalent organic framework
Authors: Wang Juefan , Quek Su Ying
Published: September 2020

Rational design of 2D-COFs results in an isolated flat band, and quasi-1D and quasi-0D physics in a single 2D system.
Anion–cation synergistic metal-free catalytic oxidative homocoupling of benzylamines by triazolium iodide salts
Authors: Byrne Joseph P. , Albrecht Martin
Published: September 2020

Triazolium iodides are excellent catalysts for the oxidative coupling of benzylamines due to a synergistic cation/anion effect, with iodide acting as I−/I2 redox manifold and the triazolium cation facilitating the iodine reduction and concomitant substrate oxidation.
Functionalization of polyisoprene and polystyrene via reactive processing using azidoformate grafting agents, and its application to the synthesis of dioxaborolane-based polyisoprene vitrimers
Authors: Breuillac Antoine , Caffy Florent , Vialon Thomas , Nicolaÿ Renaud
Published: September 2020

Azidoformates carrying dioxaborolane functions were used to functionalize PI and PS, and to prepare PI vitrimers by reactive processing.
Synthesis of fluorinated polyethylene of different topologies via insertion polymerization with semifluorinated acrylates
Authors: Li Gen , Xu Guoyong , Ge You , Dai Shengyu
Published: September 2020

Fluorinated polyethylene with different topologies can be generated via insertion polymerization with various late-transition-metal catalysts.
A facile approach for preparing tadpole and barbell-shaped cyclic polymers through combining ATRP and atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC) reactions
Authors: Xue Xiaoqiang , Chen Yangjing , Liang Kang , Huang Wenyan , Yang Hongjun , Jiang Li , Jiang QiMin , Jiang Bibiao , Pu Hongting
Published: September 2020

A facile strategy was developed to prepare active tadpole-shaped cyclic polystyrene, which was then used to fabricate symmetrical barbell polystyrene.
All-organic, conductive and biodegradable yarns from core–shell nanofibers through electrospinning
Authors: Weerasinghe Vishakha T. , Dissanayake D. G. Kanchana , Perera W. Pamoda T. D. , Tissera Nadeeka D. , Wijesena Ruchira N. , Wanasekara Nandula D.
Published: September 2020

A nanofibrous yarn that changes the electrical resistance instantaneously with the strain for multiple stretch and recovery cycles.
Interface engineering for gain perovskite photodetectors with extremely high external quantum efficiency
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Huang Lixiang , Wang Yukun , Zhu Xinglin , Li Lei , Li Guoxin , Sun Wenhong
Published: September 2020

Efficient CH3NH3PbI3 photodetectors (PDs) with an extremely high gain of the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 140 000% within the ultraviolet region to the near infrared region (NIR) and an extremely high responsivity (R) under a low bias of −5 V were successfully fabricated.
Characterization and targeting ability evaluation of cell-penetrating peptide LyP-1 modified alginate-based nanoparticles
Authors: Zhong Zhirong , Cai Liang , Li Chunhong
Published: September 2020

Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) shows a powerful treatment effect on breast cancer.
Pharmacoinformatics approaches to identify potential hits against tetraacyldisaccharide 4′-kinase (LpxK) ofPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Damale Manoj G. , Pathan Shahebaaz K. , Patil Rajesh B. , Sangshetti Jaiprakash N.
Published: September 2020

Homology modeling, docking, pharmacophore based VS and molecular dynamics identified potential hits againstP. aeruginosaspecific LpxK.
Finger directed surface charges for local droplet motion
Authors: Li Ning , Yu Cunlong , Dong Zhichao , Jiang Lei
Published: September 2020

Water droplets are expected to be employed as animated soft matter to mimic the behaviours of both nonliving objects and small living organisms.
Interparticle attraction controls flow heterogeneity in calcite gels
Authors: Liberto Teresa , Le Merrer Marie , Manneville Sébastien , Barentin Catherine
Published: September 2020

Increasing interparticle attraction in calcite colloidal gels leads to flow heterogeneities including shear bands and temporal fluctuations.
The self-diffusion of polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSSO) dendrimers in diluted solutions and melts
Authors: Boldyrev Konstantin , Chernyak Alexander , Meshkov Ivan , Muzafarov Aziz , Tatarinova Elena , Vasil'ev Sergey
Published: September 2020

We investigate the temperature dependence of the self-diffusion coefficients of PMSSO dendrimers by PFG NMR in melts and diluted solutions to reveal the effect of the inner structure of these molecules on their translational dynamics.
Bio-inspired flow-driven chitosan chemical gardens
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Horváth Dezső , Tóth Ágota
Published: September 2020

A method producing synthetic gardens, and tubes with periodic wrinkling from chitosan hydrogels via controllable injection is introduced.
Novel approaches for highly selective, room-temperature gas sensors based on atomically dispersed non-precious metals
Authors: Tian Renbing , Wang Shiyan , Hu Xuefeng , Zheng Jian-Guo , Ji Peng , Lin Jun , Zhang Jing , Xu Mingjie , Bao Jun , Zuo Shouwei , Zhang Hui , Zhang Wei , Wang Jinlan , Yu Liandong
Published: September 2020

Atomically dispersed (AD) materials have incredible catalytic ability and offer atom economy with 100% metal utilization during catalytic reactions.
Nanocomposite hydrogel-based strain and pressure sensors: a review
Authors: Sun Xia , Yao Fanglian , Li Junjie
Published: September 2020

Design methods and applications of nanocomposite hydrogel-based strain and pressure sensors have been summarized and classified in this review.
Insight into the significant contribution of intrinsic carbon defects for the high-performance capacitive desalination of brackish water
Authors: Huo Silu , Song Xue , Zhao Yubo , Ni Wei , Wang Hao , Li Kexun
Published: September 2020

The abundant intrinsic carbon defects are corroborated to play crucial roles on the salt adsorption capacity and rate capability, which can provide additional exceptional electrical double-layer capacitance and facilitate the adsorption behaviour of ions.
Simple synthesis of multifunctional photosensitizers for mitochondrial and bacterial imaging and photodynamic anticancer and antibacterial therapy
Authors: Wu Ming-Yu , Liu Li , Zou Qian , Leung Jong-Kai , Wang Jia-Li , Chou Tsu Yu , Feng Shun
Published: September 2020

An isoquinolinium-based photosensitizer was developed for mitochondrial and bacterial imaging, and used in photodynamic anticancer and antibacterial therapy in a wound healing processin vivo.
Smart microneedle patches for rapid, and painless transdermal insulin delivery
Authors: Wang Yuanpeng , Wang Haozheng , Zhu X. X. , Guan Ying , Zhang Yongjun
Published: September 2020

A new coated microneedle patch, which allows not only painless but rapid transdermal insulin delivery, was designed.
Selection of the two enantiotropic polymorphs of diF-TES-ADT in solution sheared thin film transistors
Authors: Salzillo Tommaso , Montes Nieves , Pfattner Raphael , Mas-Torrent Marta
Published: September 2020

The modulation of the deposition speed in blends of diF-TES-ADT and polystyrene controls the formation of either the low-temperature or the high-temperature polymorph.
Statin-induced microRNAome alterations modulating inflammation pathways of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Lin Hung-Ju , Yu Sung-Liang , Su Ta-Chen , Hsu Hsiu-Ching , Chen Ming-Fong , Lee Yuan-Teh , Chien Kuo-Liong , Lu Tzu-Pin
Published: September 2020

Statins inhibit cholesterol biogenesis and modulate atheroma inflammation to reduce cardiovascular risks. Promoted by immune and non-immune cells, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) might be a biomarker suboptimal to assess inflammation status. Although it has been reported that statins modulated inflammation via microRNAs (miRNAs), evidence remains lacking on comprehensive profiling of statin-induced miRNAome alterations in immune cells. We recruited 19 hypercholesterolemic patients receiving 2 mg/day pitavastatin and 15 ones receiving 10 mg/day atorvastatin treatment for 12 weeks, and performed microarray-based profiling of 1733 human mature miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after statin treatment. Differentially expressed miRNAs were determined if their fold changes were >1.50 or <0.67, after validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The miRSystem and miTALOS platforms were utilized for pathway analysis. Of the 34 patients aged 63.7 ± 6.2 years, 27 were male and 19 were with coronary artery disease. We discovered that statins induced differential expressions of miR-483-5p, miR-4667-5p, miR-1244, and miR-3609, with qPCR-validated fold changes of 1.74 (95% confidence interval, 1.33–2.15), 1.61 (1.25–1.98), 1.61 (1.01–2.21), and 1.68 (1.19–2.17), respectively. The fold changes of the four miRNAs were not correlated with changes of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol or CRP, after sex, age, and statin type were adjusted. We also revealed that RhoA and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways might be regulated by the four miRNAs. Given our findings, miRNAs might be involved in statin-induced inflammation modulation in PBMCs, providing likelihood to assess and reduce inflammation in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
Modelling for risk and biosecurity related to forest health
Authors: Robinet Christelle , van den Dool Robbert , Collot Dorian , Douma Jacob C.
Published: September 2020

Modelling the invasion and emergence of forest pests and pathogens (PnPs) is necessary to quantify the risk levels for forest health and provide key information for policy makers. Here, we make a short review of the models used to quantify the invasion risk of exotic species and the emergence risk of native species. Regarding the invasion process, models tackle each invasion phase, e.g. pathway models to describe the risk of entry, species distribution models to describe potential establishment, and dispersal models to describe (human-assisted) spread. Concerning the emergence process, models tackle each process: spread or outbreak. Only a few spread models describe jointly dispersal, growth, and establishment capabilities of native species while some mechanistic models describe the population temporal dynamics and inference models describe the probability of outbreak. We also discuss the ways to quantify uncertainty and the role of machine learning. Overall, promising directions are to increase the models’ genericity by parameterization based on meta-analysis techniques to combine the effect of species traits and various environmental drivers. Further perspectives consist in considering the models’ interconnection, including the assessment of the economic impact and risk mitigation options, as well as the possibility of having multi-risks and the reduction in uncertainty by collecting larger fit-for-purpose datasets.
Electron-impact single ionization of Si+
Authors: Jonauskas Valdas
Published: September 2020

Electron-impact single ionization is studied in the Si+ ion by considering transitions among energy levels. The study includes excitation-autoionization (EA) and collisional ionization processes. The excitations are investigated up to shells with the principal quantum numbers n ≤ 10. It is shown that correlation effects included in the EA calculations play a crucial role in explaining measurements. The correlation effects diminish the EA cross sections by ∼30% compared to single-configuration calculations. However, the collisional ionization is not significantly affected by an extension of the basis of interacting configurations. Good agreement between the presented level-to-level distorted wave data and experimental measurements is found for the single ionization of the Si+ ion.
First detection of stacked X-ray emission from cosmic web filaments
Authors: Tanimura H. , Aghanim N. , Kolodzig A. , Douspis M. , Malavasi N.
Published: September 2020

We report the first statistical detection of X-ray emission from cosmic web filaments in ROSAT data. We selected 15 165 filaments at 0.2 <  z <  0.6 ranging from 30 Mpc to 100 Mpc in length, identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey survey. We stacked the X-ray count-rate maps from ROSAT around the filaments, excluding resolved galaxy groups and clusters above the mass of ∼3 × 1013 M⊙as well as the detected X-ray point sources from the ROSAT,Chandra, andXMM-Newtonobservations. The stacked signal results in the detection of the X-ray emission from the cosmic filaments at a significance of 4.2σin the energy band of 0.56−1.21 keV. The signal is interpreted, assuming the Astrophysical Plasma Emission Code model, as an emission from the hot gas in the filament-core regions with an average gas temperature of 0.9−0.6+1.0keV and a gas overdensity ofδ ∼ 30 at the center of the filaments. Furthermore, we show that stacking the SRG/eROSITA data for ∼2000 filaments only would lead to a ≳5σdetection of their X-ray signal, even with an average gas temperature as low as ∼0.3 keV.