bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro inhibition of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas efflux pump by Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University of Makurdi, Nigeria, Oloche Jeremiah John , Oluremi Bolaji Bosede , Koya Temiloluwa Oyindamola
Published: September 2021

Global health is under constant threat due to antimicrobial drug resistance. Bacterial Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are of importance because of their antibiotics resistance. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of extracts of Xylopia aethiopica (XA) on multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas isolates. Fresh samples of XA leaf, stem bark and roots were collected from the botanical garden, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Dried and pulverized samples were extracted with methanol and partitioned into n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was performed by standard methods. Antimicrobial activity and synergistic interaction were determined using microdilution and checkerboard broth dilution methods, respectively. The results revealed that crude methanol extracts of XA leaf, stem bark and root significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the growth of all tested MDR Pseudomonas isolates at 10 mg/mL. At 1 mg/mL, the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf, and dichloromethane fraction of the roots produced clear zones of inhibition of 12 – 20 mm, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1 µg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. The modulation factor (MF) of ciprofloxacin, dichloromethane fraction of XA roots and ethyl acetate fraction of XA leaf were 4, 8, and 4 on MDR isolates E01006, OAU058 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, respectively. In all tested isolates, but not E01006 and E01024, the fractional MICs of ciprofloxacin/ethylacetate fraction of XA leaf extract combination was not significantly different (p>0.05) compared with ciprofloxacin/verapamil combination. In conclusion, the root and leaf fractions Xylopia aethiopica that demonstrated antimicrobial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa and synergised with ciprofloxacin have the potential to rejuvenate the antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin in MDR P. aeruginosa.
Jubilación Bienestar asociado a la jubilación en docentes universitarios de Latinoamérica
Authors:   Universidad Central del Ecuador, García Pazmiño Mercedes Angélica , Gamboa Proaño Marco ,   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quimbita Nelson Marcelo ,   Municipio del Distrito Metropolitano del Quito, Centeno María José ,   Universidad Central del Ecuador
Published: September 2021

Retirement is a social process, an administrative imposition based on age and years worked; this population becomes a vulnerable group due to the deterioration of the physical and mental faculties characteristic of the evolutionary cycle; therefore, retirement has an impact on public health. The present study focused its attention on the community of retired university professors from the public university of Ecuador and aimed to analyze the psychological well-being associated with retirement. Descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational, non-experimental study. The Psychological Well-being Scale and the MOS Social Support Questionnaire were applied. The results characterized the socio-demographic profile of 725 retired teachers in the 2012-2017 period. According to their condition, they have an average age of 67 years; 45% live with their partner and the rest with other relatives. A high degree of psychological well-being was determined, highlighting the positive relationships with other dimensions, domain of the environment; unlike life purpose that reflected a low grade. Likewise, a high index of social support was demonstrated. The correlation matrix debuted a high correlation between the dimensions of the variables. Keywords: psychological well-being, retirement, university teachers, social support.
NOSE TO BRAIN DELIVERY: ROLE OF VIRAL AND NON-VIRAL VECTORS FOR NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER
Authors: Musale Shubham , Giram Prabhanjan ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Unitech Society’s Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune - 411 018, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2021

Nose to brain delivery is an alternative and efficient way of delivery of drugs, protein, peptides, DNA, RNA, and plasmids for improved therapeutics in the treatment of neurological disorders. Nanotechnology enables the use of nanocarriers, such as polymer, lipid, and metal-based for delivery of an active agent to targeted site selectively and minimise other systemic side effects. Viral vectors like herpes simplex, adenovirus, and lentivirus are also used for the delivery of genes to the brain with improved transfection efficiency and transduction process. Metal-based nanomaterials such as gold and super magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, used for theranostic application for brain-related nose to brain delivery, has proven several advantages and are discussed together with their limitations, in this review in detail.
What Are Good Muscle Endpoints for Translational Studies?
Authors: Rittweger Jörn
Published: September 2021

What Are Good Muscle Endpoints for Translational Studies?

Jörn Rittweger()1,2

1Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
2Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

© The Author

 
Abstract
Muscles matter to our health because of their size, their involvement in energy metabolism and their relevance for locomotion. Adequate selection of good endpoints is crucial for successfully designing translational studies. At least eight different muscle functions matter to health, namely the mechanical functions of exerting force, velocity, power, elastic storage and braking power, the two metabolic functions of substrate uptake (e.g. carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids) and substrate provision (e.g. lactate and amino acids) and secretory functions. However, specific endpoint tests have been validated for muscle force and power only. Walking speed and grip strength demonstrate good predictive value for hard clinical endpoints, such as disability, loss of autonomy and death. Vertical jump power also has good ecological validity and construct validity, and it depicts excellent test-retest reliability, which is an important advantage with regard to the study of power. Assessment of muscle mass, e.g. by magnetic resonance imaging, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance, should be considered as an important secondary endpoint to enhance construct validity. Further secondary endpoints should be included wherever they are likely to enhance the plausibility of the study outcome and assessment of test-retest reliability at baseline is always recommended. Well-established methods exist for three relevant muscular endpoints, namely power, strength and muscle mass, and these endpoints lend themselves to utilization in clinical studies. However, such validated methods lack a number of additional muscle functions that are scientifically only emerging. This applies foremost to the metabolic function of muscles but also to its role in storage and dissipation of mechanical energy.
Exercise, Pharmaceutical Therapies and Type 2 Diabetes: Looking beyond Glycemic Control to Whole Body Health and Function
Authors: Yates Thomas , Henson Joseph , Sargeant Jack , King James A , Ahmad Ehtasham , Zaccardi Francesco , Davies Melanie J
Published: September 2021

Exercise, Pharmaceutical Therapies and Type 2 Diabetes: Looking beyond Glycemic Control to Whole Body Health and Function

Thomas Yates()1,2, Joseph Henson1,2, Jack Sargeant1,2, James A King2,4, Ehtasham Ahmad1, Francesco Zaccardi1,3 and Melanie J Davies1,2 

1Diabetes Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
2NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Center, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, UK
3Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
4National Center for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK

© The Authors

 
Abstract
Exercise is a powerful therapy for improving glycemic control and increasing cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is a dearth of evidence investigating interactions or synergies between exercise and most pharmaceutical therapies. This is important as exercise is rarely prescribed in isolation of other background medications used to manage T2DM. Therefore understanding which exercise and drug combinations optimize or blunt responses is crucial. This narrative review discusses advances in weight loss management in diabetes and highlights research opportunities and challenges for combining exercise therapies with newer generations of glucose-lowering therapies with weight loss effects, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is). We discuss the role of exercise in preserving lean mass and increasing physical function along with other potential areas of synergy. We conclude that until the evidence base investigating areas of interaction or synergy between exercise and other glucose-lowering or weight loss therapies is developed, exercise will remain a generic rather than a tailored therapy in the management of T2DM.
Post-secondary Transition Services and the Role of the Occupational Therapist
Authors: Barlow Kate
Published: September 2021

Post-secondary transition services are federally mandated, yet there are great differences in implementation. The purpose of this study was to explore the current practices in post-secondary transition services and to understand how occupational therapists are involved in transition services. Public school administrators from 11 school districts were interviewed, all of whom work in transition services. Triangulation of data, member and stakeholder checks were all completed for validation and to ensure trustworthiness. Analysis of the interviews revealed four assertions: a) Districts use a variety of personnel as the transition coordinator b) Transition assessments need to be continuous and more comprehensive c) More training is needed for the entire transition process d) Occupational therapists are underutilized in transition services From these assertions, one global theme emerged: There is a need for increased training on the overall process to deliver best practice transition services, including timeline, assessments, agency involvement, and training for parents and staff. This study also discussed the importance of parent involvement for student success. Future research is recommended on the implementation of the pre-employment transition services and the process of evaluating students throughout their transition years.
Penerapan Tindakan Keperawatan Berbasis Penelitian Akupresur P6 Dan Edukasi Perawat Terhadap Kejadian Mual Dan Muntah Pasien Kanker Yang Menjalani Kemoterapi
Authors: Supartha I Gd. Nym Ardi , Waluyo Agung , Yona Sri
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang: Penatalaksanaan medis kanker dapat dibedakan menjadi dua antara lain kuratif dan perawatan paliatif. Penatalaksanaan medis kuratif erat kaitannya dengan pemberian chemotherapy, radiasi, dan obat hormonal. Sedangkan perawatan paliatif cenderung diartikan sebagai tindakan yang dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien kanker. Akupresur adalah tidakan penekatan pada titik-titik strategis tubuh dengan menggunakan atau tanpa alat bantu. Salah satu titik akupresur yang dipercaya dapat mengatasi mual muntah pasca kemoterapi adalah titik Pericardium 6 (P6), yaitu titik yang terletak pada pangkal pergelangan tangan bagian dalam. Tujuan: mengatasi mual muntah akibat kemoterapi. Metode: penerapan akupresur P6 dan edukasi perawat. Hasil: Penerapan EBN penggunaan gelang akupresur P6 (Sea-BandÒ) dan edukasi perawat untuk mencegah mual muntah akibat kemoterapi dilakukan selama 5 (lima) hari terhadap 12 (dua belas) pasien kanker di lantai 4 dan 8 gedung A, RSCM. penerapan EBN gelang akupresur P6 dan edukasi perawat mengalami puncak mual muntah pada hari ke-2 dan ke-3 post kemoterapi. Pada evaluasi hari ke-5 terdapat 5 (lima) pasien yang mengalami mual muntah ringan. Kesimpulan: Penerapan EBN akupresur titik P6 dengan menggunakan gelang akupresur Sea-BandÒ mudah diterapkan, aman dan efektif dalam menurunkan keluhan mual muntah pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi.
Hubungan Dukungan Suami Dengan Kunjungan Antenatal Care (Anc) Pada Ibu Hamil Di Kabupaten Tabanan
Authors: Friska Armynia Subratha Hesteria , Manik Kartiningsih Ni Wayan
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang dan tujuan: Kehamilan adalah suatu krisis maturitas yang dapat menimbulkan stres. Tingginya cakupan K1 dan K4 tentunya sangat didukung oleh peran keluarga, dukungan keluarga salah satunya adalah dukungan suami. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan dukungan suami dengan kunjungan antenatal care (ANC) pada ibu hamil di Bidan Praktek Mandiri Ny.MD Desa Cau, Kecamatan Marga, Kabupaten Tabanan.

Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah servei analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2014. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah  total sampling dengan jumlah sebanyak 50 orang. Teknik analisa data menggunakan chi square test.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sebagian besar responden di BPM”MD” Desa Cau Kecamatan Marga Kabupaten Tabanan  kurang mendapatkan dukungan suami. Sebagian besar responden di BPM”MD” Desa Cau Kecamatan Marga Tabanan  sesuai standar kunjungan ANC. Ada hubungan yang signifikan dukungan suami dengan kunjungan ANC pada ibu hamil  di BPM” MD” Desa Cau Kecamatan Marga Tabanan.

Simpulan: Responden di BPM”MD” Desa Cau Kecamatan Marga Kabupaten Tabanan kurang mendapatkan dukungan suami sebanyak 26 responden (52%).
Penggunaan Alat Kesehatan Bermotif (Stiker) Terhadap Tingkat Kooperatif Anak Usia Prasekolah Selama Anamnesis Di IGD RSAD TK. II Udayana Denpasar
Authors: Susila I Made Dwie Pradnya
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Anamnesa merupakan salah satu proses pengkajian untuk mengetahui keluhan yang dialami oleh anak dengan  melihat data subyektif dan obyektif dari pasien. Kebutuhan rasa nyaman diperlukan untuk membuat anak menjadi kooperatif selama prosedur anamnesa berlangsung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui tingkat kooperatif anak selama proses anamnesa tanpa menggunakan alat kesehatan yang bermotif (stiker) dan menggunakan alat kesehatan yang bermotif (stiker) di IGD RSAD Tk. II Udayana Denpasar. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi experiment dengan post test only non equivalent control group design. Sampel dari penelitian ini yaitu pasien yang berobat di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RS Tk. II Udayana Denpasar yang berjumlah 20 orang dimana 10 orang masuk dalam kelompok intervensi dan 10 orang masuk dalam kelompok kontrol yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik non probability sampling yaitu purposive sampling.

Hasil: Dari hasil penelitian penggunaan alat kesehatan bermotif (stiker) kepada anak usia pra sekolah yang sedang dilakukan anamnesa di IGD RSAD Tk. II Udayana Denpasar diperoleh data anak yang awalnya tidak kooperatif saat belum diberikan intervensi menjadi lebih kooperatif setelah diberikan intervensi penggunaan alat kesehatan bermotif. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol anak tetap tidak kooperatif.

Simpulan: Anak yang awalnya tidak kooperatif saat belum diberikan intervensi menjadi lebih kooperatif setelah diberikan intervensi penggunaan alat kesehatan bermotif.
Penerapan Teknik Menyusui Bayi Pada Ibu Post Partum Di BPM Ernita Pekanbaru Tahun 2017
Authors: Hayati Susani
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Air Susu Ibu (ASI) sebagai makanan alamiah terbaik, mempererat interaksi dan ikatan kasih sayang antara ibu dan bayi melalui kontak langsung. Kegagalan proses menyusui terbanyak pada posisi menyusui dan langkah-langkah menyusui. Penelitian Muliawati tahun 2011 menunjukkan menyusui dengan teknik yang benar mayoritas kategori kurang sebesar 54%. Di Indonesia, cakupan pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada bayi masih di bawah target yang seharusnya mencapai 80%, tahun 2013 hanya sebesar 54,3%. Sedangkan cakupan pemberian ASI Eksklusif tahun 2014 di Riau sebesar 52,4%. Studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan di BPM Ernita terdapat 5 kesalahan dalam teknik menyusui yang benar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan teknik menyusui bayi oleh ibu post partum.

Metode: Jenis penelitian menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif observasional. Populasi adalah semua ibu bersalin yang ditentukan dengan teknik sampling jenuh berjumlah 30 orang dan diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling. Instrument penelitian menggunakan lembar observasional dan ceklist, analisa data univariat.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden yang melakukan penerapan teknik menyusui yaitu tidak baik sebanyak 23 orang (76,7 %) dan penerapan ciri-ciri bayi puas menyusu adalah tidak baik sebanyak 20 orang (66,7%).

Simpulan: Diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan untuk dapat memberikan edukasi tidak hanya fokus kepada pengetahuan saja tetapi penerapan langsung teknik menyusui yang benar.
Semi-rigid behaviour of stainless steel beam-to-column bolted connections
Authors:   School of Engineering, Deakin University, Ashraf Mahmud , Jobaer Hasan Mohammad ,   School of Engineering and IT, University of New South Wales, Al-Deen Safat ,   School of Engineering and IT, University of New South Wales
Published: September 2021

Stainless steel is increasingly used in structural applications but there is still significant lack of experimental evidence on the moment-rotation (M-) behaviour of moment resisting beam-to-column connections. The current paper presents experimental test results obtained from full scale tests conducted on three widely used connection types i.e., double web angle (DWA), top seat angle (TSA) and top seat with double web angle (TS-DWA) connection. Considered beam, column and angle sections were fabricated using austenitic stainless steel plates and M20 high strength bolts were used for connection assembly. M- curves for all connections were carefully recorded and were used to determine initial stiffness (Ki) and moment capacity (M20mrad) for each of the connections. Eurocode 3 guidelines were used to check the classification i.e., whether or not the connections were semi-rigid in nature. Although the considered DWA connection failed to achieve partial-strength, both TSA and TS-DWA connections showed obvious semi-rigid nature despite the connection capacities were limited by bolts. In addition, extensive ductility of stainless steel ensured that all three connection types achieved a minimum connection rotation of 30 mrad, which is specified by FEMA as a requirement for earthquake design of ordinary moment frames.
A review of mechanical behavior of structural laminated bamboo lumber
Authors:   College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Dauletbek Assima ,   Joint International Research Laboratory for Bio‑composite Building Materials and Structures, Nanjing Forestry University, Li Haitao ,   College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University,   Joint International Research Laboratory for Bio‑composite Building Materials and Structures, Nanjing Forestry University, Xiong Zhenhua ,   Ganzhou Sentai bamboo company LTD, Lorenzo Rodolfo ,   University College London
Published: September 2021

The transition of the construction sector to sustainable development mostly depends on the environmental friendliness of building materials. This, in turn, calls for the development of new, strong, and sustainable materials that would be a worthy alternative for traditional materials, including wood. Over the past decade, laminated bamboo lumber (LBL) has received much attention from engineers, practitioners, and scientists for its attractive mechanical properties, comparable to and in some cases superior to hard and softwood. Moreover, the sustainability of LBL is characterized by its high carbon sequestration, fast time to harvest, high yield, and low energy consumption for processing. However, the behavior of LBL is not yet fully understood, which in turn affects the low awareness and application of the material by practitioners and engineers around the world. Since LBL has a promising future, this article will contribute to a better understanding of its mechanical properties and a more accurate design, taking into account the influencing factors. This article discusses the mechanical properties of three types of structural LBL, namely beams, columns, and sheathing panels. The previous works of researchers on the mechanical properties of structural LBL were reviewed, and thus the most common failure modes, the causes of the destruction of structural elements, and the factors that affect their behavior were discussed and described. This work will serve as a reference for current practitioners and future research.
Abundance of Macrozoobenthos in the Seagrass Field Ecosystem in Cemara Besar Island, Karimunjawa Islands
Authors: Azizah Ria , Darmawan Bagus , Nur Taufiq SPJ
Published: September 2021

Seagrass has several important ecological functions which protected some species of invertebrates such as crustaceans, bivalves, gastropods, echinoderms, and other marine organism. Seagrass have ecological processes, where any interaction of several biotic and environment components. One of the biotic components associated with seagrass is macrozoobenthos. This study aims to determine the type and abundance of macrozoobenthos, the value of ecological index and covering percentage of seagrass at Cemara Besar Island, Karimunjawa. This study was conducted at Cemara Besar Island, Karimunjawa. The method used in this study was survey method with descriptive data analysis. Measurement of seagrass and macrozoobenthos using transect quadrant size of 1 x 1 meter. Macrozoobenthos living on the surface susbtrat (epifauna) was taken directly, while macrozoobenthos living within the substrate (infauna) using a corer was inserted into the substrate to a depth of 25cm. After conducting the samples were treated, the sediment sample sieved using benthos filter with a pore diameter of 1 mm and put macrozoobenthos into a sample bottle which has been given a 4% formalin solution and dye rose bengal, then identification of macrozoobenthos using a microscope and magnifying glass. Macrozoobenthos samples were analyzed using the calculation of abundance, the diversity index, the evenness index and the domination index. The result show that, in seagrass ecosystems in Cemara Besar Island Karimunjawa was found 4 classes macrozoobenthos consisting of Bivalve 3 species, Polychaeta 5 speseies, Echinoidea 4 species, and Gastropoda 25 species. The value of abundance in marine protection zone ranging from 6.32 to 8.42 ind/dm3 and the value of abundance in utilization zone marine ranging from 6.85 to 7.37 ind/dm3. The value of diversity index in the marine protection zone ranging from 1.42 to 2.57 are included in the category of low to moderate, while in the Marine Utility Zone ranging from 3.26 to 3.47 are included in the high category. The value of evenness index in the marine protection zone (E = 0.61 to 0.74) and utility zone (E = 0.77 to 0.82) were included in the high category (E > 0.6) in the second zone. The value of domination index in the marine protection zone (C = 0.20 - 0.48) and utility zone (C = 0.13 - 0.17) indicates that there are not macrozoobenthos species dominates. The Percentage cover of seagrass in marine protection zone from 68.75 to 76.04%, while the percentage cover of seagrass in utility zone ranging from 59.38 to 65.63%.
Back Matter
Authors: Pringgenies Delianis
Published: September 2021

Back Matter
Habitat Preferences of PokeA (Batissa violacea var. celebensis von Martens, 1897) Basic on Substrat Characterisation in Pohara River Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Bahtiar Bahtiar , Purnama Muh. Fajar
Published: September 2021

This research is motivated by the lack of information about the habitat preferences of pokea clams in Pohara River, Southeast Sulawesi. This study aims to determine the density, distribution pattern and habitat preferences of pokea clams in the Pohara River, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was conducted for 6 months (April-September 2011). Sampling of pokea, water quality, and sediment texture was carried out in the Pohara River and analyzed at the FPIK UHO Laboratory. The density and distribution of pokea were calculated using a standard formula and analyzed using Mann Whitney and Chi Square respectively, while the habitat preferences based on different substrate textures were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) in the Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP). The results showed that the density of pokea clams ranged from 117±96.78-816±594.84 ind/m2 which was distributed in cluster over the entire cross-section of the river. Pokea clams were found in all substrate textures from gravel to clay. The habitat preference of pokea clams indicated by the highest density was found in the clay texture. Pokea clams relatively do not like the habitat of coarse sand and gravel texture which is characterized by pokea population with the lowest density
Identification of Molluscan Animal Image in Two-Dimensional Print Media
Authors: Mujiono Nova , Alfiah Alfiah , Prihandini Riena , Santoso Pramono Hery
Published: September 2021

Humans have known mollusks for a long time. The diverse and unique shell shapes are interesting to draw. The easiest medium to describe the shape of a mollusk is in two dimensions. This study aims to identify various images of mollusks in two-dimensional print media such as cloth, paper and plates. Based on the 10 sources of photos analyzed, 56 species of mollusks from 38 families were identified. The Gastropod class dominates with 45 species from 31 families, followed by Bivalves with 7 species from 5 families, then Cephalopods with 4 species from 2 families. Some of the problems found are the shape and proportion of images that different with specimens, some inverted or cropped images, different direction of rotation of the shells with specimens, and different colour patterns with specimens. Biological and distributional aspects of several families will be discussed briefly in this paper.
Classification of Echocardiogram View using A Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ornstein Hannah , Adam Dan
Published: September 2021

The standard views in echocardiography capture distinct slices of the heart which can be used to assess cardiac function. Determining the view of a given echocardiogram is the first step for analysis. To automate this step, a deep network of the ResNet-18 architecture was used to classify between six standard views. The network parameters were pre-trained with the ImageNet database and prediction quality was assessed with a visualization tool known as gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM). The network was able to distinguish between three parasternal short axis views and three apical views to ~99\% accuracy. 10-fold cross validation showed a 97\%-98\% accuracy for the apical view subcategories (which included apical two-, three-, and four- chamber views). Grad-CAM images of these views highlighted features that were similar to those used by experts in manual classification. Parasternal short axis subcategories (which included apex level, mitral valve level, and papillary muscle level) had accuracies of 54\%-73\%. Grad-CAM images illustrate that the network classifies most parasternal short axis views as belonging to the papillary muscle level. Likely more images and incorporating time-dependent features would increase the parasternal short axis view accuracy. Overall, a convolutional neural network can be used to reliably classify echocardiogram views.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hip Fracture Surgery Care in the United States From 2006 to 2015: A Nationwide Trends Study
Authors: Amen Troy B. , Varady Nathan H. , Shannon Evan M. , Chopra Ahab , Rajaee Sean , Chen Antonia F.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Racial and ethnic disparities in the surgical treatment of hip fractures have been previously reported, demonstrating delayed time to surgery and worse perioperative outcomes for minority patients. However, data are lacking on how these disparities have trended over time and whether national efforts have succeeded in reducing them. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal trends in racial and ethnic disparities in perioperative metrics for patients undergoing hip fracture surgery in the United States from 2006 to 2015.

Methods:

The National Inpatient Sample was queried for White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients who underwent hip fracture surgery between 2006 and 2015. Perioperative metrics, including delayed time to surgery (≥2 calendar days from admission to surgical intervention), length of stay (LOS), total inpatient complications, and mortality, were trended over time. Changes in racial and ethnic disparities were assessed using linear and logistic regression models.

Results:

During the study period, there were persistent disparities in delayed time to surgery for White versus Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients (eg, White versus Black: 30.1% versus 39.7% in 2006 and 22% versus 28.8% in 2015, P

trend

> 0.05 for all). Although disparities in total LOS remained consistent for White versus Black patients (P

trend

= 0.97), these disparities improved for White versus Hispanic and Asian patients (eg, White versus Hispanic: 4.8 days versus 5.3 in 2006 and 4.1 days versus 4.4 in 2015, P

trend
< 0.05 for both).

Discussion:

Racial and ethnic disparities were persistent in time to surgery and discharge disposition for hip fracture surgery between White and minority patients from 2006 to 2015 in the United States. These disparities particularly affected Black patients. Although there were encouraging signs of improving disparities in the LOS, these findings highlight the need for renewed orthopaedic initiatives and healthcare reform policies aimed at reducing perioperative disparities in orthopaedic trauma care.
Meten en weten
Authors: Campuzano N.A.
Published: September 2021

Meten en weten. Over het gebruik en de beoordeling door de rechtspraak van benchmarkproducten

In dit artikel gaat de auteur in op het gebruik van benchmarkproducten en de voordelen van benchmarks. Ook gaat hij in op de vraag in hoeverre de Nederlandse civiele rechter bij de beoordeling van de rechten en plichten van (markt)partijen ten aanzien van benchmarkproducten rekening houdt met de voordelen van benchmarks.
Blind date
Authors: Maters M.C. , Verkerk S.
Published: September 2021

Blind date. Over hoe je als contractspartij van een beleggingsinstelling niet voor verrassingen komt te staan bij de vraag op welk vermogen je vorderingen kunt verhalen

Met het oog op bescherming van beleggers tegen besmettingsrisico’s bepaalt de Wet op het financieel toezicht (Wft) in artikel 4:37j dat beleggingsinstellingen een afgescheiden vermogen hebben. Bij beleggingsfondsen wordt deze vermogensafscheiding mede bereikt doordat de juridische eigendom van de activa van het fonds wordt gehouden door een separaat opgerichte bewaarentiteit. Ook regelt artikel 4:37j Wft dat de afgescheiden vermogens van verschillende beleggingsinstellingen, of subfondsen daarvan, bij één rechtspersoon kunnen worden ondergebracht. In de praktijk leidt de regeling tot misverstanden over de tenaamstelling van bijvoorbeeld overeenkomsten. Dit artikel beoogt de praktijk enkele handvatten te bieden ter voorkoming van bedoelde misverstanden.
Los públicos de las escenas musicales migrantes: contribuciones para una sociología de la recepción
Authors: Facuse Muñoz Marisol Yazmín , Tham Testa Maximiliano Andrés
Published: September 2021

Este artículo presenta un análisis de los públicos de las músicas migrantes latinoamericanas en Chile en el que se examinan los procesos de recepción y apropiación de estas obras y de los mundos culturales que subyacen en ellas. Basándonos en un enfoque cualitativo, buscamos comprender cómo estos públicos se relacionan con las escenas musicales migrantes, cómo las clasifican y resignifican y cómo las integran a otras redes de prácticas culturales asociadas (artísticas, festivas, rituales). A través de una perspectiva interdisciplinaria en que convergen sociología y musicología, se analizaron 43 entrevistas realizadas a públicos de eventos musicales celebrados en diversas comunas de Santiago de Chile. Los resultados nos mostraron que existe una diversidad de modelos interpretativos a partir de los cuales estos públicos se adhieren a estos mundos musicales, donde convergen componentes afectivos, ideológicos, sensoriales y cognitivos, con un carácter múltiple de la experiencia de la recepción.
The implementation of InlineXBRL in Polish listed companies
– early evidence
Authors: Gierczak Katarzyna , Kobiela-Pionnier Katarzyna
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The paper presents early evidence from GPW Main Market-listed companies on the implementation of the InlineXBRL format and the ESEF mandate.
Methodology/approach: Semi-structured, detailed interviews with GPW issuers are the basic research method used. Representatives of ten listed companies were interviewed. Results: The study indicates that InlineXBRL implementation is a challenge that involves significant human, time and financial resources. Moreover, it reveals that the only reason for XBRL implementation among Polish issuers is compliance with statutory requirements rather than other XBRL benefits. Ninety percent of respondents implemented the bolt-on approach, which enables fast compliance with statutory requirements; however, it does not support internal reporting and does not facilitate the financial reporting process. The study results are consistent with XBRL implementation evidence from American early adopters and confirm the thesis that an XBRL mandate is the main driver of XBRL dissemination.
Limitations: The relatively small research group (10 companies).
Originality/value: This study is the first in this field conducted in Poland, and this paper claims to be the first Polish one to name, structure and describe InlineXBRL implementa-tion options.
The challenges of the accounting system in universities in Poland after the enactment of the new Higher Education Act
Authors: Kalinowski Jacek
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The article’s purpose is to explain the accounting systems in Polish universities and the challenges that have arisen following 2019’s entry into force of the new Act on Higher education, considering the historical background and traditions of universities in Poland.
Methodology/approach: The author uses three research methods: literature analysis, direct observation, and analysis of source documents, such as statutes and the strategies of selected universities.
Findings: An overview is presented of the changes in Polish universities in the accounting system that followed the new regulations on higher education entry into force, i.e., from 01/10/2019. Having assessed the development level of this research area as preliminary, the author formulated several conclusions that may have practical implications in the future.
Practical implications: The content can be used in creating accounting systems in uni-versities while considering new challenges formulated in the strategies of these units, as well as challenges of a global nature – for instance, the digitalization of business processes or the shift of management awareness in academic communities. Moreover, it can serve as a base to create a set of desirable practices in complex accounting systems for universities.
Originality/Value: The article, being a general review of the accounting system used at universities, fills the research gap in the literature of this specific area. It can be an origi-nal contribution to the process of reforming universities in Poland, indicating potential threats based on the history of universities, followed by setting new challenges for these institutions.
The impairment of assets reporting in the COVID-19 pandemic – evidence from the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Authors: Lisicki Bartłomiej
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to verify how frequently issuers from the WSE issue current reports informing about the impairment of assets. The author believes that in the first months of the Covid-19 pandemic, one of the external premises for a decrease in the value of assets began to occur, i.e., market, economic or legal changes.
Methodology/approach: Content analysis of current reports was used. The analysis period was divided into two sub-periods, 2013–2018 and 2020, when it was likely there was an increase in the submission of the abovementioned reports by issuers. The results were verified using the ANOVA test.
Findings: Analyzing the issuers' reports in 2020, 77 cases were found where investors were informed about the impairment of assets. The number of current reports about the im-pairment of assets is much greater than in the period 2013–2018 (163 cases). The X2 statistic allowed us to indicate the statistical significance of the difference of the cases recorded in 2020 from the average values of the previous years.
Originality/value: This article discusses the issues of assets impairment during the eco-nomic downturn caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The increased frequency of reporting write-offs allows us to conclude that entities are afraid of the long-term effects of the pan-demic. Therefore, they decide to revise the recoverable amount of assets in line with the „prudent valuation” principle.
Effect of lactic acid bacteria and yeast supplementation on anti-nutritional factors and chemical composition of fermented total mixed ration containing cottonseed meal or rapeseed meal
Authors: Yusuf Hassan Ali , Piao Minyu , Ma Tao , Huo Ruiying , Tu Yan
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study aimed to determine the appropriate supplementation level of lactic acid bacteria (LAB; Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus clausii), yeast (Saccharomyces cariocanus and Wickerhamomyces anomalus) for degrading free gossypol and glucosinolate in the fermented total mixed ration (TMR) containing cottonseed meal (CSM) or rapeseed meal (RSM), to improve the utilization efficiency of these protein sources.Methods: For LAB, L. plantarum or B. clausii was inoculated at 1.0×108, 1.0×109, 1.0×1010, and 1.0×1011 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. For yeast, S. cariocanus or W. anomalus was inoculated at 5×106, 5×107, 5×108, and 5×109 CFU/kg DM, respectively. The TMR had 50% moisture and was incubated at 30°C for 48 h. After fermentation, the chemical compositions, and the contents of free gossypol and glucosinolate were determined.Results: The results showed that the concentration of free gossypol content was reduced (p<0.05), while that of the crude protein content was increased (p<0.05) in the TMR containing CSM inoculated by B. clausii (1×109 CFU/kg DM) or S. cariocanus (5×109 CFU/kg DM). Similarly, the content of glucosinolate was lowered (p<0.05) and the crude protein content was increased (p<0.05) in TMR containing RSM inoculated with B. clausii (1×1010 CFU/kg DM) or S. cariocanus (5×109 CFU/g DM).Conclusion: This study confirmed that inclusion of B. clausii with 1.0×109 or 1.0×1010 CFU/kg DM, or S. cariocanus (5×109 CFU/kg DM) to TMR containing CSM/RSM improved the nutritional value and decreased the contents of anti-nutritional factors.
Dietary encapsulated essential oil mixture influence on apparent nutrient digestibility, serum metabolic profile, lymphocyte histochemistry and intestinal morphology of laying hens
Authors: Arslan Cavit , Pirinç Abdurrahman , Eker Nizamettin , Sur Emrah , Ündağ İlknur , Kuşat Tansu
Published: September 2021

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a mixture of encapsulated essential oils (EOs) addition on nutrient digestion, serum biochemical parameters, peripheral blood alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) positive lymphocyte ratios and intestinal morphology in laying hens.Methods: A total of 320 laying hens of 48-wk-old were randomly allotted into 4 treatment groups with 10 replicates of 8 birds in each replicate. The birds were fed a basal diet (control) or the diet added with mixture of EOs (which consist of eugenol, nerolidol, piperine, thymol, linalool, and geraniol) at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for period of 84 days.Results: The addition of EOs at 100 or 200 mg/kg increased the dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestion as compared to control. The addition of all doses of EOs did not affect serum gamma glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and P but increased serum asparate aminotransferase (AST) concentration. The addition of 200 mg/kg EOs increased serum creatinine, while 100 mg/kg decreased Ca concentration. The addition of 100 and 200 mg/kg EOs generally improved ANAE and ACP-ase positive peripheral blood lymphocyte ratios and intestinal morphology.Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the addition of 100 or 200 mg/kg encapsulated EOs generally increased apparent nutrient digestion and serum AST concentration, improved ANAE and ACP-ase positive peripheral blood lymphocytes and intestinal morphology in laying hens.
Strafprozessrecht
Authors: Ostendorf Heribert , Brüning Janique
Published: September 2021

Das Lehrbuch
vermittelt das examensrelevante Wissen im Strafprozessrecht für das Erste und Zweite Juristische Staatsexamen. Es stellt die Justizpraxis anhand von bedeutsamen Verfahren und unter Auswertung empirischer Daten dar. Kriminologische Erkenntnisse und die Rechtstatsachenforschung werden eingesetzt, um einen eigenen Rechtsstandpunkt zu entwickeln. Lösungsfälle und ein abschließendes Repetitorium unterstützen den Lernprozess. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Wandlung des klassischen Strafprozesses hin zu einem ökonomischen Strafprozess gelegt. Die 4. Auflage berücksichtigt zahlreiche gesetzliche Änderungen in der StPO wie die Änderungen im Beweisantragsrecht und zur notwendigen Verteidigung.
Das Lehrbuch wendet sich an Studierende sowie Referendarinnen und Referendare, an Richterinnen und Richter sowie Staatsanwältinnen und Staatsanwälte sowie an Fachfremde, etwa Schöffinnen und Schöffen, die sich in den Strafprozess einarbeiten wollen.
Die Ökonomisierung des Rechts
Authors: Elmauer Douglas
Published: September 2021

When Niklas Luhmann set out to develop a grand theory of society in the 1960s, he was aware that his 30 years of work would leave gaps to be filled by researchers in the future. This study is a contribution to systems theory, especially in relation to the tendencies of the economic system towards expansivity in both an ecological and evolutionary sense. It is a study of the economisation of the legal system in the extreme form of its systemic alienation.
Die gute fachliche Praxis
Authors: Pitschel Anthea Luisa
Published: September 2021

The author deals with the significance of agriculture in the context of the current environmental protection debate and recognises environmental protection as a question of fate for the coming decades.

She analyses whether the concept of good professional practice as a structural element of agri-environmental law is a suitable steering instrument in the field of tension between economic and ecological interests in agriculture and points out approaches for amendment.

The work is based on a holistic, interdisciplinary approach, in the context of which the underlying problem is grasped in the overall context of agri-environmental law and the administrative system, and is therefore not only of interest to legal scholars.
Wahlsystemreform in Deutschland
Authors: Matauschek Peggy
Published: September 2021

Is plurality or majority electoral reform a sensible option in Germany’s muddled electoral system debate? Yes, it is. Since Germany’s mixed-member proportional system fails to concentrate the party system in a sufficient way, Peggy Matauschek searches for a suitable alternative to the principle of proportional representation. She discusses the following options according to their contextual conditions: single-member plurality and majority electoral systems—like the alternative vote system—, parallel systems, proportional representation systems with a low district magnitude and majority bonus systems. In light of its balanced performance, the study advocates the introduction of a system with a majority bonus for a coalition.
Die Produkthaftung im Zeitalter des Internet of Things
Authors: Beierle Benedikt
Published: September 2021

The thesis deals with the liability issue of connected and intelligent products in the IoT for product liability. Product liability is currently facing challenges due to the risks of an increasingly digitized world. The thesis examines, on the basis of the liability requirements, whether the existing legal framework is suitable or legislative measures are needed to address the risks. One focus of the analysis is the question of whether the software used in the innovative products can be covered by the notion of product. In this respect, the thesis argues de lege lata for a new interpretation of the approach to corporeality. De lege ferenda, the cautious development of product liability is recommended.
„Heutiger Nachbar – gestriger Untertan“
Authors: von Mende Leyla
Published: September 2021

How did intellectual elites, who had acquired their position and formed their self-conception within the Ottoman Empire, deal with its loss and change? This question is discussed by looking at their representations of Southeast Europe in Ottoman and Turkish travel literature. The study analyses their attempts to continuously reposition themselves, their homeland and Southeast Europe in times of a shifting international balance of power. It also explores two mechanisms of processing the things observed – wonder and remembering. This approach allows us to reassess the importance of the lost region to the authors’ present and sheds new light on the transition from empire to republic.
Brazilian Caatinga: Phenolic Contents, Industrial and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Lúcia Cavalcanti de Amorim Elba , Cruz Patrícia , Veras Filho Jorge , Caio Silva Italo , Costa Uyara , Oliveira Jenifer , Santa Medeiros Maria , Diniz Marcelino , Machado Kivia , Caroline Xavier Ana
Published: September 2021

Phenolic compounds, mainly represented by flavonoids, tannins and coumarins, bioactive molecules with various applications, have antioxidant, photoprotective, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and even antitumor properties. The main mechanism of action of phenolic compounds is due to the transfer of electrons to free radicals, which leads to the interruption of oxidative reactions. The flora of the Brazilian caatinga is full of species with high concentrations of these compounds, which are possibilities for researching new pharmaceutical products and functional foods, and may even generate technological and economic impact, contributing directly or indirectly to the development of communities that are inserted in this context. This is extremely important, considering the large amount of ecotoxic residues resulting from the industrial chain, where it is necessary to use methods to reduce this impact on the environment, such as adsorption, oxidation, biotransformation, liquid–liquid partition and hybrid techniques. This shows the need to reuse this waste and even improve production processes in order to make the most of the content of these compounds with varied applications that sometimes end up being underused. This chapter brings some of the main species involved in this context, their contributions to health and possible applications at a technological, industrial and even sustainable level.