bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpretação sistêmica e a possibilidade de recuperação judicial para as sociedades em comum
Authors: Costa Juliana Hinterlang dos Santos , Kempfer Marlene
Published: May 2016

A Sociedade em Comum foi introduzida na legislação brasileira a partir do Código Civil de 2002 em seus artigos 986 a 990. Em período anterior ela era analisada sob a denominação sociedade irregular ou sociedade e fato. A primeira se caracterizava por haver contrato escrito, mas, este não havia sido levado a registro perante o órgão competente e a segunda quando não havia o contrato social.  Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a figura da Sociedade em Comum, no atual ordenamento jurídico, a partir da interpretação majoritária que não reconhece o direito à recuperação judicial. Aponta-se que esta interpretação desconsidera: i) princípios que regem a ordem jurídica e o subsistema econômico;  e,  ii) que a legislação atual permite a sua responsabilização diante de deveres jurídicos nas esferas trabalhista, tributária, concorrencial e consumerista. Sob estes principais argumentos é que têm destaque a interpretação sistemática para defender o direito à recuperação judicial ou extrajudicial. Assim, efetiva-se a segurança jurídica material.
Ética ocupacional sustentável numa sociedade glogalizada
Authors: Flores Nilton Cesar , TERRIBILE DANIELE REGINA
Published: May 2016

A temática meio ambiente de trabalho reproduz as complexidades dos riscos no mundo globalizado. No imbricar da inter-relação deste movimento de globalização da economia e da reestruturação produtiva que se desencadeia uma série de consequências sociais. Ao passo que a globalização e o surgimento de novas tecnologias beneficiaram o homem, em contrapartida, deram-se à custa de uma margem de descaso e negligência à integridade dos envolvidos no processo. Assim, surge a necessidade de novas abordagens do Direito. Para tanto, o estudo supera a teoria da ecologia rasa e parte da compreensão da teoria da ecologia profunda, sem que esta perca sua essência, propondo-se uma análise focada no elemento homem dentro da teia da vida, indicando um novo princípio norteador: por uma ética ocupacional sustentável.
Direito fundamental à liberdade de pesquisa genética e à proteção de dados pessoais: os princípios da prevenção e da precaução como garantia do direito à vida privada
Authors: Ruaro Regina Linden
Published: May 2016

O artigo analisa os direitos fundamentais de liberdade de pesquisa e da proteção de dados pessoais no campo da genética humana, propõe a aplicação dos princípios da precaução de da prevenção. Avalia a legislação brasileira na matéria objeto da pesquisa como medida de garantia à privacidade dos dados pessoais e das informações colhidas na investigação científica, situação que se agrava no meio no mundo digital e virtual por ser este um espaço praticamente de rápido desenvolvimento. Enfoca a limitação de direitos fundamentais, partindo da concepção de que não são absolutos. Propõe a aplicação dos princípios da precaução e da prevenção no meio ambiente virtual. Adotou-se os métodos dedutivo e dialético, tendo-se como premissa maior os direitos fundamentais relacionados e previstos na legislação brasileira; o método dialético foi empregado porque a questão é objeto de constante debate sendo necessário o confronto de correntes doutrinárias e a normativa brasileira.
O décimo aniversário da emenda 45 e a posição hierárquica dos tratados de direitos humanos
Authors: Silva Caíque Tomaz Leite da , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Sindona de
Published: May 2016

No dia 8 de dezembro de 2004, as Mesas da Câmara dos Deputados e do Senado Federal promulgaram a Emenda Constitucional 45, que realizou uma grande reforma no poder judiciário. O texto propõe uma releitura daquela Emenda por ocasião da celebração de seu decênio, repristinando o debate sobre a hierarquia constitucional dos tratados de direitos humanos no ordenamento do jurídico pátrio, através da análise dos parágrafos do art. 5º da Constituição e dos interesses dos constituintes reformadores que introduziram-nos na Carta Política.
O instituto da repercussão geral no recurso extraordinário e o novo código de processo civil
Authors: Esteves João Luiz Martins , Santana Lucas Ferreira
Published: May 2016

O presente trabalho consiste em um estudo sobre o Recurso Extraordinário e o requisito de admissibilidade da Repercussão Geral. Concentra-se na análise da condição de Repercussão Geral como requisito intrínseco de admissibilidade do Recurso Extraordinário. Aprecia-se a natureza jurídica do requisito recursal, bem como se compara a recente ferramenta com os parâmetros estabelecidos anteriormente pela legislação, com um breve histórico da Arguição de Relevância. Busca-se a compreensão dos elementos considerados para a configuração da Repercussão Geral na legislação infraconstitucional, especificamente nas disposições do artigo 1029 e seguintes do Novo Código de Processo Civil. Finalmente, analisa-se a figura do Amicus Curiae, o procedimento de apreciação do requisito da Repercussão Geral e as principais alterações que o novo Código de Processo Civil trará ao Instituto. 
Kelsen e a teoria da interpretação Humpty Dumpty
Authors: Gouveia Samuel Moreira
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo pretende tirar as consequências do desenvolvimento teórico dos conceitos da teoria kelseniana, tomando como foco a relação entre “validade” e “interpretação”, para observar a motivação do porque este tipo de crítica leva à consideração necessária da existência de uma pluralidade de atores jurídicos. Toma o redimensionamento realizado por Michel Troper como paradigma daquele desenvolvimento teórico que tem como ponto de partida a resposta insatisfatória dada pela hierarquia piramidal a qual a teoria kelseniana se baseia. Por fim, coteja as diversas teorias face à impossibilidade de existência de uma “língua autônoma”, na forma descrita por Wittgenstein nas Investigações Filosóficas.
Constituição de 1988 e Ordem Econômica Brasileira
Authors: Fonseca Isadora De Souza
Published: May 2016

Resenha-resumo do capítulo 01, denominado "Estado e Economia", da obra A Ordem Econômica na Constituição Federal de 1998 (13° Ed., Malheiros, São Paulo: 2008), de Eros Roberto Grau.
Intervenção do Estado na economia através da lei anticorrupção 12.846/2013
Authors: De Abreu Natália Martins
Published: May 2016

O presente trabalho trata-se de resumo sobre o livro Lei Anticorrupção: origens, comentários e análise da legislação correlata e traz em seu texto considerações dos autores a respeito das inovações, críticas e benefícios trazidos por este importante instrumento normativo para o momento que o Brasil atravessa com a crise política e empresarial advinda do instituto da corrupçào. Menciona-se aidna algumas peculiaridades da lei bem como mecanismos para o combate da corrupção realizada pelas empresas.
O Cartório Digital na Sociedade da Informação
Authors: Andrade Henrique Dos Santos , Barbosa Marco Antonio
Published: May 2016

Analisam-se legislatração, estrutura e competência dos cartórios e da ICP-Brasil, abordando-se temas relativos à registros públicos, conceitos de informática, a exemplo de assinatura e certificação digital, enfantizando-se o cuidado que se deve ter na conversão da forma e disponibilidade das informações submetivas à registro público, na Sociedade da Informação.
A favor das relações econômico-negociais: o princípio do favor negotii no Código Civil.
Authors: Silvestre Gilberto Fachetti , Neto Francisco Viera Lima
Published: May 2016

Procura caracterizar o princípio da conservação dos atos jurídicos como orientação axiológica da teoria do negócio jurídico, tratando as nulidades como uma exceção no direito das relações econômicas. Para tanto, busca inter-relacionar a conservação com os princípios gerais do Código Civil (socialidade, eticidade e operabilidade) e com os princípios institucionais da relação obrigatória (autonomia privada, boa-fé e função social). Trata-se de uma oportunidade de questionar se realmente o negócio jurídico, como categoria jurídica, é um conceito em crise.
As lacunas constitucionais e o Direito como integridade: análise de um caso concreto
Authors: Lacerda Bruno Amaro , Müller Juliana Martins de Sá
Published: May 2016

Este artigo discute a possibilidade de reconhecimento de lacunas constitucionais a partir de uma visão do Direito como integridade. A proposta é pensar a relação entre lacunas e integridade a partir de uma controvérsia jurídica bastante conhecida, a referente à viabilidade constitucional das uniões estáveis entre pessoas do mesmo sexo, reconhecidas pelo STF na ação direta de inconstitucionalidade nº 4277. O intuito é mostrar que as decisões proferidas, incluindo a do STF e as de outros Tribunais que o precederam no exame da questão, foram erroneamente justificadas com o recurso à ideia de preenchimento de uma lacuna, escapando assim aos limites de uma argumentação judicialmente adequada.
Função social e solidária da empresa na dinâmica da sociedade de consumo
Authors: Santiago Mariana Ribeiro , Campello Livia Gaigher Bósio
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo visa analisar a evolução do comércio no direito brasileiro, no contexto das transformações do Estado moderno, que repercutem diretamente em matéria de função social. Nesse intuito, partimos das patologias do consumo na sociedade moderna, atravessando as diferentes implicações nas questões sociais, culminando com o estudo da evolução da ideia de empresa, de instrumento do liberalismo e do individualismo, atravessando as diferentes limitações jurídicas que lhe foram impostas. Em conclusão, verificamos que o papel da empresa deve ser ampliada, no contexto da sociedade de consumo, para auxiliar no combate ao consumismo e da alienação individual.
Responsabilidade contratual e cláusula geral de redução da indenização à luz da teoria contemporânea do inadimplemento
Authors: Amaral Ana Cláudia Corrêa Zuin Mattos do , Ponteli Nathalia Nunes
Published: May 2016

A responsabilidade civil assume especial relevância na sociedade atual, ao surgir como instrumento apto a restabelecer o equilíbrio social diante de danos causados pela inobservância de dever geral de cautela ou pelo inadimplemento contratual. Objetivando proporcionar amplo ressarcimento, foram desenvolvidos mecanismos que flexibilizam a verificação dos pressupostos da responsabilidade e ampliam a proteção à vítima. Todavia, a redução equitativa da indenização, prevista no parágrafo único do artigo 944 do Código Civil, atua como limitador à reparação integral do dano, quando houver desproporção entre este e a culpa do lesante. Este trabalho analisa se, diante da teoria contemporânea do inadimplemento contratual - que reconhece a ocorrência da culpa pelo mero descumprimento voluntário do pactuado entre os contratantes – será aplicável o mencionado dispositivo às hipóteses de responsabilidade contratual e, sendo cabível, quais os limites a serem observados.
A livre circulação de trabalhadores e a não discriminação ao migrante na União Europeia: digressões acerca da fraternidade e do reconhecimento nas relações de trabalho
Authors: Coimbra Rodrigo , Wittckind Ellara Valentini
Published: May 2016

A livre circulação de trabalhadores é uma das liberdades instituídas pela União Europeia em seus Tratados e defendida pelas suas instituições, jurídicas e administrativas. Um dos diferenciais desse Direito é que sua produção não é realizada por imposição Estatal como tradicionalmente ocorre com as normas jurídicas. Nesse contexto, é importante esta abordagem a respeito da liberdade de circulação de trabalhadores e da não discriminação ao trabalhador migrante, na União Europeia, normas aplicáveis e decisões do Tribunal de Justiça, a fim de se verificar de que forma a fraternidade e o reconhecimento contribuem para a efetivação desses direitos, conforme estudos de Habermas, Honneth e outros.
Uma análise econômica da alienação fiduciária em garantia dos bens imóveis
Authors: Pontes Ted Luiz Rocha , Caminha Uinie
Published: May 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar sob o enfoque do direito e economia o instituto jurídico da alienação fiduciária em garantia de bens imóveis, instituído no ordenamento pátrio pela Lei Federal de nº. 9.514/1997, comparando-o com a garantia real imobiliária dada pela Hipoteca, usando-se uma análise econômica dos institutos. Verificou-se a existência de dados que demonstram a redução da taxa de inadimplência do crédito concedido e garantido pelo instituto da alienação fiduciária, bem como o aumento da segurança jurídica na execução da garantia, em comparação com as dificuldades verificadas para a execução da garantia hipotecária, demonstrando uma eficiência econômica. 
Responsabilidade civil do estado por dano decorrente do planejamento
Authors: Torres Glaucia Cardoso Teixeira
Published: May 2016

Resenha sobre o artigo "O devido processo legal e a responsabilidade do Estado por dano decorrente do planejamento" de Lúcia Valle Figueiredo (FIGUEIREDO, Lúcia Valle. O devido processo legal e a responsabilidade do Estado por dano decorrente do planejamento. Revista Diálogo Jurídico. Bahia, n. 13, abr./maio. 2002).
A reestruturação da dívida pública argentina face ao direito de imunidade do estado estrangeiro
Authors: Caetano Fernanda Araújo Kallás e , Júnior Bruno Wanderley
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo analisa a questão das imunidades de jurisdição e de execução do Estado argentino em solo estrangeiro à luz das recentes decisões dos tribunais norte-americanos sobre a reestruturação da dívida pública argentina contraída durante a crise de 2001. Apesar da maioria dos credores terem concordado com a proposta de negociação, uma minoria composta por fundos especulativos que não aceitou negociar a dívida interpôs uma ação nos Estados Unidos visando obter o pagamento integral do débito. A questão que se coloca é a de saber até que ponto o Estado argentino poderia ser acionado em solo estrangeiro, além de averiguar quais seriam as condições para que se processasse a eventual execução de uma sentença condenatória fora do território da Argentina.
Crimes informáticos: possibilidades de construção de um modelo normativo de governança do ciberespaço
Authors: Fortes Vinícius Borges , Boff Salete Oro
Published: May 2016

Uma das marcas da evolução da humanidade se reflete na capacidade de transmitir informações. Junto a isso, o desenvolvimento tecnológico na área da informação e comunicação, facilitou o acesso ao conhecimento, nos mais diversos pontos do planeta. O ciberespaço, oferece novas e diferentes possibilidades de futuro, trazendo significativos desafios para o direito. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa investiga as contribuições apresentadas nos Relatórios e Resoluções da Seção Direito Penal Parte Geral, preparatória ao XIX Congresso Internacional de Direito Penal da AIDP – Associação Internacional de Direito Penal, que assinalam os principais pontos de convergência e divergência para a construção de um modelo normativo de governança e tutela penal do ciberespaço, a partir do mapeamento crítico. Assim, o trabalho tem como objetivos observar e mapear a interação legislativa no tocante ao tema dos crimes informáticos; e observar e mapear os resultados dos referidos relatórios e resoluções. O método utilizado no presente trabalho foi o dedutivo e a técnica da pesquisa bibliográfica.
Ambiguity Tolerance and Perceptual Learning Styles of Chinese EFL Learners
Authors: Li Haishan , He Qingshun
Published: May 2016

Ambiguity tolerance and perceptual learning styles are the two influential elements showing individual differences in EFL learning. This research is intended to explore the relationship between Chinese EFL learners’ ambiguity tolerance and their preferred perceptual learning styles. The findings include (1) the learners are sensitive to English ambiguities and are more reliable on the tactile and kinesthetic learning styles than on visual and auditory styles, (2) most Chinese EFL learners have more than one learning style preferences, (3) significant gender difference exists in ambiguity tolerance, but not in perceptual learning style preferences, and (4) the four perceptual learning styles are significantly correlated with ambiguity tolerance and the auditory learning style would exert more influence on ambiguity tolerance than the visual, tactile and kinesthetic learning styles.
Cohesive Devices in Written Discourse: A Discourse Analysis of a Student’s Essay Writing
Authors: Bahaziq Afnan
Published: May 2016

Discourse is essential in communicating thoughts and ideas. People around the world communicate their ideas through stretches of language. In order to understand any discourse, it must achieve cohesion. The purpose of this paper is to define and describe the cohesive devices based on the work of Halliday and Hasan (1976). It also aims to emphasize the necessity of using these devices by analyzing a Michigan English Language Assessment Battery (MELAB) sample examination of a student’s essay writing. The student’s writing shows clear evidence of cohesion and demonstrates the use of grammatical and lexical devices. It is noticed that the most grammatical devices used are reference and conjunction. On the contrary, there is little evidence of using lexical devices. Although the essay is somewhat cohesive, some areas still need improvement.
A Syntactic Account for the Power of Verbs within X-Phemism: A Corpus-Base Exploration
Authors: Al-Rawi Maather Mohammad , Al-Shurafa Nuha Suleiman Daoud
Published: May 2016

The main aim of this paper is to examine the syntactic status of a selected text-corpus focus, with a special focus on the verb within its Verb-Phrase. The major claim is that the power of the verb in its VP is loaded syntactically through which the speaker’s desire of the doublespeak within X-Phemism is achieved. In order to fulfill this claim, a corpus-based exploration is applied on the selected data produced in Standard English. The analysis is accounted for a conceptualization of grammar that is based on general syntactic constraints on a well-formedness. The syntactic conceptualization (Chomsky, 2000; Ouhalla, 2002) is selected in its broad sense, as the basic framework where it best captures the syntactic role played by the verb-predicate and its various arguments.
Health Status and Quality of Health Care Services of Congolese Refugees in Nakivale, Uganda
Authors: Andrew Amegovu K.
Published: May 2016

Physical and emotional wellness, as well as access to healthcare, are foundations for successful resettlement. Without feeling healthy, it is difficult to work, to go school, or take care of a family. Many factors can affect refugee health, including geographic origin and refugee camp conditions. Refugees may face a wide variety of acute or chronic health issues (Office of Refugee Resettlement, ORR Annual Report to Congress 2014; http://www.acf.hhs.gov). Resettlement of refugees in Uganda is usually supported by concerted efforts of UNHCR, Governments through the Office of the Prime Minister, OPM with support from host communities, local and international Non-Governmental Organizations. Due to resource constraints and local factors, immigrants are often subjected to poor living conditions which coupled with inadequacy inessential medical supplies might significantly affects quality of care and health service delivery and hence, rendering refugees to poor health status. This study was conducted from 2013-2014 to assess the determinants of health status of Congolese refugees living in Nakivale refugee settlement, in Isingiro district- South Western Uganda. A cross-sectional study design was used involving mixed techniques of both qualitative and quantitative KAP survey. The study focussed on Congolese refugee population in Nakivale Refugee settlement. 2401 key informants’ interviews and 8 focus group discussions respectively were conducted targeting service providers and beneficiaries/Congolese refugees in this case. The data was analysed using SPSS ver.20, 2011. Although majority (97%) of respondents sought medical services from established health facilities, findings confirm a high level of ill health prevalence among Congolese refugees in Nakivale camp, however, the difference in health services and perceived health status in camp versus the one in DRcongo is insignificant ( p=0.000) with respondents perceiving their health status as worse than when they were their own Country before the resettlement. Identified key challenges affecting access & uptake of available health services includes: language barrier; inadequate drugs; and the long distances to access health facilities. The health status of refugees could be improved by addressing the challenges related to language, drug supplies in addition to humanising conditions of shelter, providing appropriate waste disposal facilities while proving adequate food rations and clean & safe drinking water.
Brain Death: Do We Know Enough?
Authors: Valko Nancy ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: May 2016

Every year, people make decisions based on trust in the certainty of diagnoses of brain death. These decisions range from signing an organ donation card to withdrawing life support from a loved one. Two recent developments have revived concerns about medical standards for determining brain death. One is a recent study on variability in brain death policies in the United States; the other is the filing of a federal lawsuit to rescind the death certificate of Jahi McMath, a teenager who appears to have survived a 2013 declaration of brain death. The author examines these developments and asks whether trust in the certainty of brain-death determinations is currently warranted.
Exploring the Reasons Behind Parental Refusal of Vaccines
Authors: McKee Chephra , Bohannon Kristin
Published: May 2016

Parental refusal of vaccines is a growing a concern for the increased occurrence of vaccine preventable diseases in children. A number of studies have looked into the reasons that parents refuse, delay, or are hesitant to vaccinate their child(ren). These reasons vary widely between parents, but they can be encompassed in 4 overarching categories. The 4 categories are religious reasons, personal beliefs or philosophical reasons, safety concerns, and a desire for more information from healthcare providers. Parental concerns about vaccines in each category lead to a wide spectrum of decisions varying from parents completely refusing all vaccinations to only delaying vaccinations so that they are more spread out. A large subset of parents admits to having concerns and questions about childhood vaccinations. For this reason, it can be helpful for pharmacists and other healthcare providers to understand the cited reasons for hesitancy so they are better prepared to educate their patients' families. Education is a key player in equipping parents with the necessary information so that they can make responsible immunization decisions for their children.
Pharmacologic Treatment for Pediatric Gastroparesis: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Tillman Emma M. , Smetana Keaton S. , Bantu Likeselam , Buckley Merrion G.
Published: May 2016

There have been a number of agents that have been tried for treatment of gastroparesis over the past 3 decades, with varying levels of success. Guidelines exist for the management of gastroparesis in adults; however, even though the cause of gastroparesis in children is similar to that in adults, no guidelines exist for treating pediatric gastroparesis as studies on the topic are limited. With what little information we have on pediatric gastroparesis, medications used in children's studies do not seem to demonstrate the same results as in adult patients with gastroparesis; thus, future studies of whether certain medications are effective for treating pediatric gastroparesis and at what dose still need to be conducted. Pharmacological treatment options for pediatric gastroparesis do not show a clear correlation of resolving or even maintaining gastroparesis-associated symptoms or disease state. This article reviews the available studies of drugs that have shown some efficacy, with an emphasis on pediatric studies.
Identification of Risk Factors for Elevated Neonatal Gentamicin Trough Concentrations
Authors: Gonzalez Jeffrey , Ahern John , Noyes Elizabeth , Corriveau Michele , Mercier Charles
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify neonatal and maternal characteristics that may be associated with elevated neonatal gentamicin trough concentrations despite application of a previously published gentamicin dosage strategy.

METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all neonates admitted to University of Vermont Medical Center (562-bed academic teaching hospital, Burlington, VT) receiving gentamicin between June 1, 2009, and August 31, 2013. A total of 205 neonates were included, with 41 cases and 164 controls.

RESULTS: Postmenstrual age (PMA, gestational age plus chronological age) and small-for–gestational age (SGA) status were independently associated with elevated neonatal gentamicin trough concentrations. No maternal risk factor evaluated remained significantly associated in the multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: The probability of an elevated gentamicin trough concentration increases with lower PMA and is further accentuated in neonates with SGA status. In contrast, the presence of maternal risk factors did not increase the likelihood of elevated gentamicin trough concentrations. Neonates with lower PMA and SGA status may require an individualized dosage and monitoring strategy.
Once Daily Dosing of Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole in Children With Perforated Appendicitis
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , Ally Saudia , Kelly Brian , Kays David , Thames Lisa
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare hospital length of stay and rate of infectious complications in children with perforated appendicitis based on the postoperative antibiotic administered.

METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of children with perforated appendicitis who underwent an appendectomy at a large academic medical center from 2008 to 2013. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay. The secondary outcomes were rates of abscess formation, wound infection, and 30-day readmissions.

RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-three patients were included. Sixty-six patients (53%) were administered ceftriaxone and metronidazole once daily; 57 (47%) were administered other antibiotic regimens, which consisted of single, double, or triple antibiotic therapy with a beta-lactam backbone. There was no difference between the groups in terms of postoperative length of stay (5.7 versus 5.8 days, p = 0.83), postoperative abscess rate (8% versus 4%, p = 0.57), postoperative wound infection rate (5% versus 2%, p = 0.73), and 30-day readmissions (3% versus 11%, p = 0.19).

CONCLUSIONS: While there was no statistically significant difierence in the outcomes evaluated, the rate of infectious complications was twofold higher in those given ceftriaxone and metronidazole than in others. A larger prospective randomized controlled trial is warranted to better understand the risks of using these agents.
Comparison of Intravenous Palivizumab and Standard of Care for Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Patients
Authors: Helmink Brady J. , Ragsdale Carolyn E. , Peterson Evan J. , Merkel Kathryn G.
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVES: Evidence suggests palivizumab may be beneficial for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in pediatric patients, although it is only approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for RSV prophylaxis. The objective of this study is to compare outcomes among pediatric patients with RSV infection who received intravenous palivizumab and standard of care versus standard of care alone.

METHODS: This is a retrospective, single-center cohort study conducted between November 2003 and October 2013. Pediatric patients with active RSV infection treated with intravenous (IV) palivizumab after initiation of mechanical ventilation were matched 1:1 to a control selected from ventilated patients who received standard of care. The primary end point evaluated the duration of mechanical ventilation between groups. Secondary end points included hospital length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, duration of respiratory support over baseline, time to RSV microbiologic cure, duration of antibiotic therapy, and in-hospital mortality.

RESULTS: A total of 22 patients with a median age of 3 months were included in the study. Patients in the treatment group received a median of 2 doses of IV palivizumab, with a mean dose of 14.2 mg/kg. All patients received bronchodilators and corticosteroids, with the exception of 1 patient in the control group, and only 1 treatment group patient received IV ribavirin. Duration of mechanical ventilation was longer in the treatment group (18.9 ± 9.5 vs. 14.3 ± 9.3 days; p = 0.26). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups for any of the secondary end points.

CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients who received IV palivizumab in addition to standard of care for treatment of RSV infection following initiation of mechanical ventilation experienced similar outcomes to those who received standard of care alone. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the potential benefit of IV palivizumab in addition to current standard of care.
Evaluation of Vancomycin Dosing in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: McDade Erin J. , Hewlett Jennifer L. , Moonnumakal Siby P. , Baker Carol J.
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVES: The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients' sputa is associated with a decline in pulmonary function and increased mortality. Vancomycin is the preferred treatment for MRSA pneumonia in children. No published studies have evaluated the vancomycin dose needed to achieve goal vancomycin trough concentrations (VTCs; 15–20 mg/L) in pediatric patients with CF. The primary objective is to determine whether a vancomycin dosage of 60 mg/kg/day achieves a goal VTC in pediatric CF patients. Secondary objectives include determining the average dosage required to reach a goal VTC and the impact of achieving a goal VTC on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and pulmonary function.

METHODS: A retrospective review of pediatric patients with CF who received vancomycin was conducted.

RESULTS: A total of 90 vancomycin treatment courses were analyzed. Standard vancomycin dosing (60 mg/kg/day) achieved goal VTC in 11 courses (12.2%). The mean dosage required to achieve a goal VTC for all courses was 70.6 ± 16.7 mg/kg/day. Patients who achieved goal VTCs were more often older, weighed more, and had higher serum creatinine concentrations at therapy initiation. On average, a dosage of 70.6 mg/kg/day was required to achieve a goal VTC. Despite dosages up to 120 mg/kg/day, no significant changes in renal function occurred. Achieving a goal VTC had no significant impact on eGFR or pulmonary function during therapy.

CONCLUSIONS: Vancomycin dosing of 60 mg/kg/day does not reliably achieve a VTC of 15 to 20 mg/L in pediatric CF patients. Younger CF patients may require higher vancomycin doses.
Acute Kidney Injury in a Child Receiving Vancomycin and Piperacillin/Tazobactam
Authors: Ibach Bethany W. , Henry Emilie D. , Johnson Peter N.
Published: May 2016

Recent reports have described increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in adults receiving concomitant vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam, but few reports exist in children. We describe an 8-year-old girl who was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with respiratory distress secondary to pneumonia. She began treatment with vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam. She developed AKI, and piperacillin/tazobactam and vancomycin were discontinued. Following a furosemide infusion, her AKI resolved and serum creatinine returned to baseline. She later resumed piperacillin/tazobactam monotherapy for multidrug-resistant tracheitis with no evidence of AKI and was eventually discharged to a long-term care facility. The Naranjo probability scale supports a probable drug-related adverse event. Clinicians must be aware of the possibility of AKI with this combination and should monitor renal function and vancomycin concentrations vigilantly. Future prospective studies are needed to explore the incidence and clinical characteristics associated with AKI after this combination in children.
Communication Strategies for Empowering and Protecting Children
Authors: Bell Jennifer , Condren Michelle
Published: May 2016

Communication with children and adolescents is an area that requires special attention. It is our job as health care professionals to ensure that the information being relayed is provided at a level that can be understood, to ensure patient safety as well as keep a child or adolescent engaged in their own medical care and decision making. This article discusses the importance of communication with children, adolescents, and their caregivers. It focuses on the overall importance of health literacy in communicating health care information to both caregivers and their children. Included are points to consider when communicating at different developmental stages, as well as strategies to help establish rapport. Lastly, the importance of technology and how it can help facilitate communication with this population is introduced.
Bretons, Basques, and Inuit in Labrador and northern Newfoundland: The control of maritime resources in the 16th and 17th centuries
Authors: Pope Peter E.
Published: May 2016

Early Euro-Inuit contacts in Atlantic Canada raise a complex issue in the ethnohistory of resource exploitation. In the 16th century, Breton, Norman, and Basque crews developed a seasonal salt-cod fishery on the coasts of northern Newfoundland and southern Labrador, in about the same period that the Inuit moved southwards along the Labrador coast. The Basques also exploited the Strait of Belle Isle, between Newfoundland and Labrador, for shore-based whaling. Sometime before 1620, Europeans then appear to have withdrawn from Labrador until about 1680, when Canadian merchants based in Quebec began to exploit the Strait for salmon and seals, while French migratory crews edged northwards again from Newfoundland. European withdrawal from Labrador largely coincided with a long-running guerrilla war, waged by the Inuit against Breton and Basque fishermen exploiting Newfoundland’s Great Northern Peninsula. The chronological coincidence suggests that the movement of Inuit into southern Labrador by the end of the 16th century may well have motivated Europeans to avoid this coast through much of the 17th century. French attitudes to the Labrador Inuit can be contextualized by comparison with contemporary understandings of Euro-Inuit relations elsewhere. Inuit attitudes to Europeans are harder to assess but recognition of their struggle for access to resources is a step towards an appreciation of historical Inuit agency.
The Inuit archaeology of the Quebec Lower North Shore
Authors: Fitzhugh William W.
Published: May 2016

This paper summarizes a decade of archaeological research demonstrating evidence for periods of year-round Inuit occupation of the Quebec Lower North Shore in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Excavations at several winter villages replicate settlement patterns at sod house sites in central Labrador, including continuation of a traditional Inuit subsistence and domestic economy while incorporating European materials and artifacts. Finds at the Hare Harbour site on Petit Mécatina Island suggest active Inuit collaboration with a European (probably Basque) whaling and fishing station. The Hare Harbour site is a unique early instance of Inuit-European economic and social enterprise. In the early 1700s the Inuit occupation of the Quebec Lower North Shore came to an abrupt end due to economic competition and hostilities with European and Indian groups that forced Inuit to abandon the coast and retreat north to the core area of Inuit settlement on the central Labrador coast.
Identity markers: Interpreting sod-house occupation in Sandwich Bay, Labrador
Authors: Rankin Lisa K.
Published: May 2016

Documentary evidence suggests that Inuit were present in the Strait of Belle Isle by the late 16th century, yet the archaeological evidence for Inuit settlement in southern Labrador is sparse. Inuit sites are difficult to recognize south of Nunatsiavut, where 19th-century Inuit-Métis families and seasonal Newfoundland fishers occupied settlements that leave similar archaeological surface-traces. In 2009 a SSHRC-funded Community-University Research Alliance was initiated to examine Inuit history in southern Labrador. One of the primary goals of the research was to develop archaeological criteria to distinguish between these ethnically distinct settlements. This paper presents the results from several seasons of research in Sandwich Bay, Labrador. It uses data from community interviews, archaeological surveys, and excavations at four Inuit settlements, one Inuit-Métis house, and one Newfoundland fishery camp to help resolve the issue of site ethnicity for the area immediately south of Hamilton Inlet. Site location and house and site features are used to increase confidence in Inuit site classification and to provide strategies for targeted test-excavations elsewhere in southern Labrador and on the Quebec North Shore. The results of the research also allow for a better understanding of the nature and extent of Inuit occupation in Sandwich Bay.
“They have gone back to their country”: French landscapes and Inuit encounters in 18th century southern Labrador
Authors: Crompton Amanda
Published: May 2016

Although French and Basque fishing and whaling crews had been coming to southern Labrador since the early sixteenth century, colonization in a more permanent form would not begin until the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Emerging as an outgrowth of similar colonial efforts along Quebec’s Lower North Shore, colonization of Labrador was driven by Canadian interests and administered by colonial officials in Québec. However, the simple possession of Labrador landscapes was not equivalent to their successful exploitation. Detailed study of one land grant in Red Bay-St. Modet demonstrates how tenuous the possession of lands in Labrador could be, whether challenges came from French rivals or from Inuit raids. This article uses historical, cartographic, and archaeological evidence to discuss how the French established, contested, and used Labrador land concessions, and explores how Inuit reacted to the increasing encroachments of the French.
Labrador Inuit and their arrow shafts
Authors: Mitchell Greg
Published: May 2016

From the 16th to 18th centuries, Labrador Inuit seem to have valued softwoods (from coniferous tree boles) for the manufacture of arrows and darts used in hunting and warfare. Microscopic examination of Inuit arrow shafts from the Twin Island 3 site (EkBc-07) in Red Bay shows that balsam fir (Abies balsamea) was the preferred species for these purposes in the 16th century. Balsam fir is found in abundance in the inner bays of southern Labrador and was easily accessible to Inuit. However, archival sources indicate that by the 18th century Labrador Inuit desired another species of softwood for arrow and dart shafts, one that grew only on the island of Newfoundland. I propose that the sought-after species was one, or both, of the two pine species growing in central Newfoundland (Pinus strobusorPinus resinosa).Procurement of pine wood from Newfoundland would add another dimension to the established mobility and trading patterns of Inuit in southern Labrador. Conflicts with Europeans during the 16th through 18th centuries in the Strait of Belle Isle and the Petit Nord (on Newfoundland’s Great Northern Peninsula) may, in part, have been a result of the disruption in these travel and harvesting patterns. I suggest that iron products and wooden shallops (boats) from southern Labrador and northern Newfoundland were not the only “southern” commodities actively sought by Inuit during the early stages of European occupation; central Newfoundland’s pine wood was also important for manufacture of arrow shafts.
La reconstruction par association des problèmes publics
Authors: Amicelle1 Anthony
Published: May 2016

L’objectif du présent article est de revenir sur les conditions d’émergence du problème de l’argent sale dont la prise en charge a contribué à déstabiliser de façon inédite le principe du secret bancaire. Il s’agit ainsi de saisir la manière singulière dont « l’odeur de l’argent » a été promue et reconnue comme objet de préoccupation et de politique publique avec la criminalisation du blanchiment de capitaux aux États-Unis. En partant d’un sujet toujours marginal dans la production universitaire – la délinquance financière –, cet article vise à apporter une contribution originale à la riche tradition de recherche sur les « problèmes publics ». Il propose plus précisément de cerner empiriquement et de baliser conceptuellement ce qui est ici désigné sous l’expression de « processus de reconstruction par association des problèmes publics ».
Les victimes de la criminalité d’entreprise : le conflit ignoré
Authors: Vande Walle1 Gudrun
Published: May 2016

Cette contribution réfléchit à la manière la plus adéquate de résoudre les conflits résultant de la criminalité d’entreprise pour les victimes de cette criminalité. Les moyens dont disposent aujourd’hui les victimes en Europe pour résoudre la victimisation résultant de la criminalité d’entreprise sont étudiés. Ces opportunités ne semblent pas apporter de réponse satisfaisante en raison des caractéristiques propres à cette victimisation particulière. C’est pourquoi il semble important de favoriser des mécanismes réparateurs, ce qui oblige les acteurs prenant part au conflit de revenir aux fondements de celui-ci et aux attentes de toutes les parties, de favoriser la reconnaissance de la culpabilité et de négocier la résolution du conflit avec comme objectif premier de réparer le tort causé et de concilier les parties.
Le contrôle plurinormatif des gangs de rue
Authors: Velloso1 João
Published: May 2016

Edwin Sutherland a été l’un des premiers à remettre en question l’association entre pauvreté et criminalité qui dominait le champ criminologique au début du xxe siècle. Il proposait non seulement que la criminologie étudie les crimes en col blanc (white-collar crimes), mais également que ces études renforcent sa théorie de l’association différentielle en tant que théorie générale, applicable à tous les types de comportements criminels. Dans cet article, nous poursuivons un objectif similaire, mais à propos du contrôle social : nous proposons de réfléchir aux formes les plus visibles de la délinquance, et plus particulièrement à la criminalité de rue, à partir de certaines études sur la réaction sociale à la délinquance des élites. Nous suggérons que la notion d’« illégalismes privilégiés » (Acosta, 1988) est appropriée pour analyser tous les illégalismes. En effet, à l’instar des crimes en col blanc, les crimes de rue sont aussi fréquemment administrés par les institutions juridiques de façon plurinormative, c’est-à-dire en s’appuyant sur différents systèmes normatifs au-delà et en plus de la justice criminelle (par exemple, le droit administratif, le droit civil, etc.). Dans les faits, cette technique a souvent pour effet de punir davantage les délinquants visés, surtout les étrangers.
Classes dominantes, classes délinquantes ?
Authors: Bérard Jean
Published: May 2016

L’article aborde la question de la délinquance des élites en déplaçant l’attention des travaux criminologiques vers les travaux des économistes et sociologues critiques, principalement français, qui portent sur les comportements des classes dominantes. La problématique porte sur les analyses formulées pour rendre compte de la crise actuelle en incriminant le comportement des classes dominantes. L’article étudie la mobilisation du vocabulaire de la déviance pour qualifier des comportements économiques et politiques de vol, d’extorsion et de violence. Il montre que ces dénonciations s’appuient sur des analyses de ces comportements comme un trait majeur des pratiques des classes dominantes contemporaines. En particulier, le renouveau de la sociologie critique s’appuie sur l’analyse du rapport singulier aux lois et aux normes des classes dominantes, en montrant qu’un de leurs traits distinctifs est de considérer ces règles comme fondamentales pour les autres, mais contournables par elles-mêmes. De telles analyses conduisent à des propositions politiques qui font usage de l’idée de sanction pénale. Mais l’article montre que ces usages sont pris dans des enjeux politiques plus larges et, en particulier, replacés dans le jeu des rapports de force entre les États, et entre les États et les détenteurs de capitaux qui échappent à leur contrôle.
Sondages Web, opinion publique et performance policière1
Authors: Boivin2 Rémi , Lam Rita
Published: May 2016

Les sondages d’opinion sont un des principaux moyens utilisés pour connaître les perceptions du public en matière de sécurité et de police. Plusieurs observateurs remettent toutefois en question la représentativité des répondants et la validité des informations recueillies. Le présent article aborde ces questions en analysant les réponses obtenues à la suite d’un sondage commandé par un service de police canadien. Deux échantillons aléatoires de participants ont répondu à un questionnaire similaire à l’aide d’une entrevue téléphonique (n = 403) ou d’un sondage autoadministré sur le Web (n = 474). Les résultats obtenus montrent que les réponses diffèrent selon le mode de collecte : les répondants au questionnaire Web ont offert des réponses moins favorables à la police et étaient plus susceptibles de sélectionner des réponses modérées. Les tailles d’effet obtenues semblent aussi indiquer que les répondants aux sondages téléphoniques sont plus susceptibles d’exagérer leur opinion en optant pour des réponses extrêmes, soit en début ou en fin de sélection, que de la modifier en sélectionnant des réponses contraires à leurs impressions. Ces résultats impliquent que les comparaisons temporelles pour un même service de police et les comparaisons entre organisations nécessitent une interprétation plus nuancée que celle qui est généralement offerte.
ERG signaling in prostate cancer is driven through PRMT5-dependent methylation of the Androgen Receptor
Authors: Mounir Zineb , Korn Joshua M , Westerling Thomas , Lin Fallon , Kirby Christina A , Schirle Markus , McAllister Gregg , Hoffman Greg , Ramadan Nadire , Hartung Anke , Feng Yan , Kipp David Randal , Quinn Christopher , Fodor Michelle , Baird Jason , Schoumacher Marie , Meyer Ronald , Deeds James , Buchwalter Gilles , Stams Travis , Keen Nicholas , Sellers William R , Brown Myles , Pagliarini Raymond A
Published: May 2016

The TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion is common in androgen receptor (AR) positive prostate cancers, yet its function remains poorly understood. From a screen for functionally relevant ERG interactors, we identify the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5. ERG recruits PRMT5 to AR-target genes, where PRMT5 methylates AR on arginine 761. This attenuates AR recruitment and transcription of genes expressed in differentiated prostate epithelium. The AR-inhibitory function of PRMT5 is restricted to TMPRSS2:ERG-positive prostate cancer cells. Mutation of this methylation site on AR results in a transcriptionally hyperactive AR, suggesting that the proliferative effects of ERG and PRMT5 are mediated through attenuating AR’s ability to induce genes normally involved in lineage differentiation. This provides a rationale for targeting PRMT5 in TMPRSS2:ERG positive prostate cancers. Moreover, methylation of AR at arginine 761 highlights a mechanism for how the ERG oncogene may coax AR towards inducing proliferation versus differentiation.