bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible Role of Myoglobin in Regulating Calpain-1 Activity in Postmortem Beef Muscle
Authors: Cooper J. V. , Suman S. , Callahan Z. D. , Kerns K. C. , Zigo M. , Sutovsky P. , Lonergan S. M. , Lorenzen C.
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesPrevious research revealed a relationship between meat color and beef tenderness and indicated that myoglobin can inhibit calpain-1 in solution. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which myoglobin and beef color are associated with calpain activity and beef tenderness.Materials and MethodsBeef Longissimus dorsi samples from the left side of Holstein beef carcasses (n = 21) were collected immediately post exsanguination on the processing floor for 0 h analyses. Muscle temperature and pH was measured at 0, 24, and 48 h postmortem. After USDA quality and yield grade determination, steaks (n = 6) were removed from the right side of each carcass (n = 21) at 48 h for analyses at 48 and 336 h postmortem. Color (L*, a*, and b* values), surface myoglobin redox forms, metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA), total myoglobin concentrations, slice shear force (SSF), Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) were measured. Calpain-1 concentrations and autolysis were determined via Western blot at 0, 48, and 336 h.ResultsDecline in muscle pH was 6.4, 5.8, and 5.6 at 0, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Shear force values at 48 h were 73.19 N for WBSF and 384.21 N for SSF and at 336 h were 48.75 N for WBSF and 260.47 N for SSF. Myoglobin reducing activity at 336 h was positively correlated to WBSF at 48 h and negatively correlated to calpain-1 concentration at 0 h (P < 0.05; Table 9). Color measurements of L* and b* at 48 h were moderately correlated with WBSF at 336 h (P < 0.05; Table 9). The b* measurement at 336 h showed a moderate relationship to calpain-1 concentration at 0 h (P < 0.05; Table 9).ConclusionModerate correlations between color and tenderness measurements taken at 48 h with those taken at 336 h were discovered indicating that myoglobin may impact calpain-1 in vivo.Table 9Correlations (P-values) between selected color and tenderness measurements (n = 21)
Impact of Sampling and Storage Techniques on Beef Muscle Measurements During Aging
Authors: Diss M. , Keller W. , Carlin K.
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThis objective was to determine if variations in beef sampling techniques utilized by meat researchers have a significant impact on beef muscle measurements during aging.Materials and MethodsTen beef short loins (IMPS 180) were purchased from a commercial packing plant within 48 h of slaughter. Loins were transported to the NDSU Meat Science laboratory where they were mapped into four sections from most anterior (1) to most posterior (4). Within sections, two, 40-g samples were removed; one sample was vacuum packaged (SMALL-VAC) and the other sample was stored in a wire-closure sealed bag (SMALL-BAG). The remaining whole short loin was vacuum packaged. All samples and whole short loins were stored at 4°C for 10 d. At 10 d, the short loins were sampled again where one, 40-g sample was removed from each mapped section (WHOLE-VAC). Purge loss was measured by weighing each sample prior to packaging treatment and at the end of the 10-d aging period; percentage change in weight was calculated. Troponin-T degradation was determined by western blot. Briefly, protein was extracted in an SDS-phosphate buffer, separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, and transferred to PVDF membranes. Western analysis was done using an anti-troponin-T antibody (clone JLT 12), and immunoreactive bands (Band 1 = doublet ∼42 to 45 kDa; Band 2 = doublet ∼ 36 to 38 kDa, Band 3 = 30 kDa) were analyzed for differences in density. Sarcomere length was determined using HeNe laser diffraction. Thinly sliced samples (∼50 to 100 mg) were placed in a sucrose-phosphate buffer and subjected to beadmill homogenization. A drop of the homogenate was placed on a glass slide, diffraction patterns were measured, and sarcomere length was calculated. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were assessed using a colorimetric assay. Analysis was conducted using Proc Mixed procedure of SAS where storage type, section location, and their interaction were used as fixed effects.ResultsThere was a storage type by section interaction (P = 0.017) that occurred with purge loss. SMALL-VAC samples released more purge than SMALL-BAG from the more posterior samples. Troponin-T Band 1 tended to be less (P = 0.07) in WHOLE-VAC samples compared with SMALL-VAC and SMALL-BAG. There was a storage type by section interaction (P = 0.02) where the most posterior SMALL-BAG samples had greater Band 2. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.25) in Band 3 between treatments. There was no difference (P = 0.29) in sarcomere length due storage type. However, there was a difference (P = 0.01) in sarcomere length between sections, where the shortest sarcomeres were in the center of the strip loin and longest sarcomeres on either end. There was a storage type by section interaction (P = 0.02) for TBARS where concentration was greatest in the most posterior portion of SMALL-BAG compared with WHOLE-VAC.ConclusionCollection of smaller samples for aging studies may not be representative of samples aged in a whole primal cut and may influence research outcomes.
Influence of Utilizing Breast Meat Afflicted with Woody Breast Myopathy on Sausage Textural Properties
Authors: Rigdon M. , Stelzleni A. M. , Bowker B. , Zhuang H. , Pringle T. D. , Thippareddi H.
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesWoody breast (WB) myopathy reduces the utility and value of breast meat for the broiler industry. It is hypothesized that WB meat may be included in comminuted products to increase utility and ultimately add value to the broiler industry. Information on the textural and quality characteristics that WB inclusion has on further processed products is limited in the literature. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of sausage made with WB meat of varying degrees of severity.Materials and MethodsFor each of three replications, broiler breast meat (normal, moderate WB, and severe WB) and chicken abdominal fat were obtained from a commercial poultry processor. Breast meat was coarse ground (19-mm) and combined with fat (targeting 15%) to produce 10-kg batches representing 25, 50, and 100% moderate WB meat, 25, 50, 100% severe WB meat, and a 100% normal control. The batches were then re-ground (4.8-mm), mixed for 1 min with 1.5% salt, and stuffed into 35-mm natural casings. Links were placed in individual bags, cooked to 70°C in a water-bath, and allowed to cool to room temperature before hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness were evaluated using texture profile analysis. Individual sausage links were weighed before and after cooking and cook loss was calculated. Data were analyzed using SAS version 9.3 with a fixed effects design with replication as a random effect.ResultsSausage hardness tended to be softer (P = 0.06) as WB inclusion rate and severity increased. Cohesiveness and springiness values were similar between treatments (P = 0.53, P = 0.95, respectively). Gumminess decreased (P < 0.05) as severity and inclusion of WB increased indicating a lack of bind, which was further supported by the decline in chewiness (P < 0.05). The raw 25% moderate WB and 50% severe WB sausage links were similar in lightness values (L*) to the normal sausage links. In cooked sausage, 25% and 50% inclusion of WB meat regardless of severity were similar in lightness values (L*) compared to the 100% normal formulations.ConclusionWith no difference in cook loss (P = 0.08), the data presented indicates that moderate and severe WB meat can be included in the formulation of linked sausages to increase utility and value of broiler WB meat.
Effect of Different Antimicrobial Applications on Color Stability of Ground Pork
Authors: Garnica H. D. , Miller M. F. , Vargas D. A. , English A. R. , Hanlon K. E. , Brashears M. M.
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to evaluate color changes during dark storage of ground pork following application with one of three different antimicrobial interventions to pork trim.Materials and MethodsTreatments included a control (no antimicrobial), lactic acid (LA; 3%), PAA+Titon [sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate (pH 1.3) combined with peracetic acid (350 ppm)], PAA+Acetic [peracetic acid (400 ppm) with 2% acetic acid]. Four 22.7-kg batches of pork trim were treated with one intervention, ground [coarse (3/16’’) followed by a fine (1/8”) grind] and packaged in 454-g rollstock vacuum packaging (n = 40/treatment). After random assignment to an aging time (0, 7, 14, 21, or 28 d), product was held under dark storage at 2–4°C. On each storage day, samples (n = 8/treatment) were opened and L*, a*, and b* values were taken using a HunterLab Miniscan XE spectrophotometer at 0 min, 10 min, and 20 min for bloom color analysis, with hue angle [arctangent (b*/a*)] and chroma [ (a* + b*)1/2 ] calculated from a* and b* values. For pH, 5 g of sample and 90 mL of distillated water were homogenized and analyzed with a bench top pH probe. Finally, fat, moisture, and protein percentage were determined using a FOSS FoodScan. Statistical analysis was conducted using the GLM procedure of SAS with a means separation using the Tukey adjustment and significance set at P < 0.05.ResultsProximate analysis of the ground pork in this study showed 20.04 ± 1.13% for fat, 61.15 ± 1.11% for moisture, and 16.83 ± 0.39% for protein content. For initial pork color, at 0 min, LA had greater L* values compared to PAA+Titon at 0d, 7d and 14d (P < 0.05), but no treatment differences were detected in L* values at 21d and 28d (P > 0.05). After 10 min of bloom time, PAA+Titon maintained the highest chroma value throughout all aging days (P < 0.05) demonstrating the most color intensity. At 21d PAA+Titon increased blooming properties through 20min (P < 0.05), based on a*, while control samples had no bloom development (P > 0.05). At 21d and 28d aging LA hue angle was highest (P < 0.05) indicating more potential metmyoglobin discoloration. PAA+Titon presented the highest pH values compared to all the other treatments for each day during the storage period except for Day 14, while LA presented lower values compared to all the other treatments for each day (P < 0.05).ConclusionAs an organic acid application on pork trim prior to grinding, PAA+Titon demonstrates positive effects on color of ground pork based on color and pH values, after post-grinding storage.
Fate of Salmonella ssp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter ssp., During Fermentation and Drying of Duck Salami
Authors: Watson S. , Ostiguy N. , Cutter C. N. , Campbel J. A.
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesCreating artisanal, dry salami products is an increasing trend for charcuterie companies in the United States. These raw, ready-to-eat products are required by USDA-FSIS to have a scientifically valid HACCP system addressing relevant biological hazards. To our knowledge, no literature exists for the validation (at least a 5 Log10 reduction of pathogens per FSIS) of salami products containing duck. Therefore, an experiment was designed to validate the safety of duck salami. The objectives of this study were to validate the safety of fermented and dried duck salami and to investigate if a duck salami manufacturing processes could achieve a 5 LOG10 (CFU/g) reduction of Salmonella ssp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter ssp.Materials and MethodsDuck trim and pork belly (70% duck trim, 30% pork belly) were placed in a mixed culture bath approximating three liters. The culture bath was made by growing individually and then combining three strains each of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, two strains of Campylobacter jejuni, and one strain of Campylobacter coli. After inoculation, meat was air dried (30 min @ 23°C), tumbled with one liter of 2.5% BeefxideÒantimicrobial treatment (lactic and citric acid and hydrogen peroxide), and placed in a walk-in cooler (2–4°C) overnight. After inoculation and antimicrobial treatment (∼24 h), the meat was ground (6mm grinding plate) and seasoned with salt (2.5%), cure (NaNO3 & NaNO2), spices, and starter culture. The ground duck-pork mixture was stuffed into 55mm collagen casings, fermented for 48 h (23°C, 95% rH), and dried (12°C, 75% rH) to ∼45% weight loss (approx. 5 wk). Salamis were then vacuum packaged and stored at 23°C (approx. 4 wk). Three independent replications were conducted, and pathogen concentrations, pH, and water activity (aw) were analyzed at Days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, and weekly until Day 66 during each replication. Critical parameters for production included a final pH less than 5.3 and final aw less than 0.90.ResultsA 5 LOG10(CFU/g) reduction was achieved for all three pathogens. Salmonella achieved a 5.47 LOG10(CFU/g) (p < 0.0001) reduction by Day 38, Listeria monocytogenes achieved a 5.20 LOG10(CFU/g) (p < 0.0001) reduction by Day 59, and Campylobacter achieved a 6.85 LOG10(CFU/g) (p < 0.0001) reduction by Day 45. Final reductions of 7.03 (p < 0.0001), 5.90 (p < 0.0001), and 7.19 (p < 0.0001) LOG10(CFU/g) were achieved for Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter spp., respectively. During the entire fermentation and drying process, populations of each species never increased by more than 1 LOG10 (CFU/cm2). A final pH of 5.11 and a final aw of 0.81 were also achieved.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that the parameters used to ferment and dry this product are able to achieve a 5 LOG10 (CFU/g) reduction of each pathogen to validate the safe production of duck salami.
Comparing Honduran and United States Consumers’ Sensory Perceptions of Honduran and U.S. Beef Loin Steaks
Authors: Bueso M. E. , Garmyn Andrea , O'Quinn Travis , Brooks J. C. , Brashears Mindy M. , Miller M. F.
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to compare the eating quality characteristics of beef from the United States and Honduras and to assess the willingness of Honduran and U.S. consumers to pay for these products. All U.S. sourced strip loins from grain-finished cattle, aged 21 d, were selected to equally represent USDA Select (SEL; n = 6) and upper 2/3 (Top) Choice (TC; n = 6) quality grades. Additionally, strip loins (n = 6) from Honduran grass-finished (HGRASS) cattle and grain-finished (HGRAIN) cattle (n = 6) were collected from a commercial abattoir in Siguatepeque, Honduras and aged 21 d. Samples were evaluated on 8-point hedonic scales for flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall liking by 240 consumers in each country. Consumers indicated if each trait was acceptable, and willingness to pay for each sample was rated in U.S. dollars (or the Honduran Lempiras equivalent): $0, 3, 6, and 10 per 0.45 kg. Chemical composition and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) were also determined. The TC had greater (P < 0.05) fat percentage than SEL and HGRASS, but did not differ (P > 0.05) from HGRAIN. The HGRAIN had greater WBSF values than TC and SEL, which did not differ (P > 0.05); however, HGRASS was similar (P > 0.05) to all other treatments. The TC had greater tenderness and flavor liking scores (P < 0.05) than all other treatments, followed by SEL, HGRASS, and HGRAIN, with a significant difference between each treatment. Honduran consumers assigned greater ratings for tenderness and flavor liking when compared to U.S. consumers. The lowest rated treatment in both countries was Honduran grain-finished followed by Honduran grass-finished. Consumers in Honduras were willing to pay more for samples when compared to U.S. consumers. Consumers were also willing to pay a premium for products with greater palatability, regardless of the country of origin.
Prohibition of Censorship as a Guarantee of Freedom of Mass Media in Russia and Germany
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Privalov S.A.
Published: July 2021

The prohibition of censorship as a fundamental legal guarantee of constitutional freedom of the media in Russia and Germany is considered. The author carries out a comparative analysis of the understanding of the essence of censorship in domestic and German constitutional law, as well as the features of state-legal regulation of relevant social relations arising from such an understanding.
Auditing in a Family-Centered Higher Education Institution: The German Experience of Implementation
Authors:   University of Applied Sciences – Public Administration and Finance, Ludwigsburg, Maier Susanne
Published: July 2021

The family-friendly university audit (“audit familiengerechte hochschule”) is studied. The audit is available to German universities in order to support a familyfriendly working environment. Practices of an auditor coordinating several workshops for rectorate, HR department and functionaries, as well as representatives of all university groups are considered. The experience of the auditing at the University of Applied Sciences – Public Administration and Finance, Ludwigsburg is analyzed.
Ensuring the Representative Function of Regional Parliaments and Representative Bodies of Local Self-Government
Authors:   State University of Management, Lipchanskaya M.A.
Published: July 2021

Analysis of the representative functions provision by regional parliaments and representative bodies of local selfgovernment at the present stage is presented. The legislation of the subjects of the Russian Federation is analyzed for the consolidation and reflection of the representative function. Opinions are expressed on possible changes in the order of formation and activity of representative bodies at the regional and municipal levels in order to more fully and effectively implement the function of representation.
Methodology of Sociological Instrumentation in Modern Cultural Studies (Problem Statement)
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Yarskaya V.N. , Bozhok N.S. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov
Published: July 2021

The instrumentalism of sociology in the system of cultural studies as a scientific method on the example of the development of the culture of reconstructivism is considered. Cultural studies are presented as a direction accumulating the instrumental experience of sociology. Interdisciplinarity as a principle of scientific methodology assimilates the experience of various intellectual movements, problematization of the value content and social functions of culture, its diverse phenomena. The new possibilities of developing the culturological concept of temporalism are revealed.
Labile sex chromosomes and a novel candidate sex-determination gene in the Australian freshwater fish family Percichthyidae
Authors: Pavlova Alexandra , Harrisson Katherine , Turakulov Rustam , Lee Yin Peng , Ingram Brett , Gilligan Dean , Sunnucks Paul , Gan Han Ming
Published: July 2021

Sex-specific ecology has management implications, but rapid
sex-chromosome turnover in fishes hinders development of markers to sex
monomorphic species. Here, we use annotated genomes and
reduced-representation sequencing data for two Australian percichthyids,
the Macquarie perch Macquaria australasica and the golden perch M.
ambigua, and whole genome resequencing data for 50 Macquarie perch of
each sex, to detect sex-linked loci, identify a candidate
sex-determining gene and develop an affordable sexing assay. In-silico
pool-seq tests of 1,492,004 Macquarie perch SNP loci revealed that a
275-Kb scaffold, containing the transcription factor SOX1b gene, was
enriched for gametologous loci. Within this scaffold, 22 loci were
sex-linked in a predominantly XY system, with females being homozygous
at all 22, and males being heterozygous at two or more. Seven
XY-gametologous loci were within a 146-bp region. Being
~38 Kb upstream of SOX1b, it might act as an enhancer
controlling SOX1b transcription in the bipotential gonad that drives
gonad differentiation. A PCR-RFLP sexing assay, targeting one of the
Y-linked SNPs, tested in 66 known-sex Macquarie perch and two
individuals of each sex of three confamilial species, and amplicon
sequencing of 400 bp encompassing the 146-bp region, revealed that the
few sex-linked positions differ between species and between Macquarie
perch populations. This indicates sex-chromosome lability in
Percichthyidae, also supported by non-homologous scaffolds containing
sex-linked loci for Macquarie- and golden perches. The resources
developed here will facilitate genomic research in Percichthyidae.
Sex-linked markers will be useful for determining genetic sex in some
populations and studying sex chromosome turnover.
The role of high-dose steroid therapy in Covid-19 pneumonia
Authors: Ozturk Ayperi , Ergur Figen Ozturk , Kavurgacı Suna , Şener Melahat Uzel , Yıldız Murat
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Today, whereas hypoxemia and respiratory failure is the
major challenging problem in the course of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, to
control the disease at a mild-moderate stage or to stop the inflammation
by recognizing the cytokine storm early should be the most prominent
goal. We aimed to reveal the clinical efficacy and safety of short-term
high-dose corticosteroids in severe COVID-19. Material and Methods: This
retrospective observational study consisted of 54 patients who were
given high-dose steroid (HDS (>250 mg/day
methylprednisolone, 3 days.). Low-dose steroid (LDS) therapy
(dexamethasone 8 mg ) was applied to all patients. HDS group was
reviewed in terms of decreasing hospital mortality and preventing
fibrosis development in follow-up. Results: During the observation
period, out of 317 severe COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized, HDS and LDS
were administered to 54 and 216 patients, respectively. Higher body mass
index, younger age, more oxygen need of patients at admission, and more
need for advanced oxygen therapy during hospitalization were found in
the HDS group (p<0.001). Furthermore, 18.5% of patients in
the HDS group had need transfer to the intensive care unit whereas it
was 3.8% in LDS (p<0.001). Additionally, the mortality rate
was determined higher in the HDS group (25. 9% vs 9.9%,
p<0.001). The HDS group had lower saturated O2 [IQR, 85%
(76-89), p <0.001], and higher ferritin at admission. It was
found that HDS was given simultaneously with the increased ferritin with
deepening lymphopenia on the third and fifth days. There was no
difference in fibrosis development between HDS patients receive and not
(15.4% vs 26.2%, p=0.11) Conclusion: The use of HDS in hospitalized
COVID-19 patients remains unclear. Along with this, our study
demonstrated the use of high-dose corticosteroids might not be
associated with a lower mortality rate among hospitalized severe
COVID-19 patients.
The programme for professional development of chemistry teachers’ assessment competency
Authors: Tomasevic Biljana , Trivic Dragica , Milanovic Vesna , Ralevic Lidija
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of the programme for professional development of chemistry teachers on their competencies for conducting formative and summative assessment in chemistry teaching. The programme participants were 30 chemistry teachers from primary and secondary schools. Data were collected using a questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of the programme implementation. The programme included four workshops with the same structure: the introduction, group work and the discussion of the results obtained through group work. The workshops focused on: i) the assessment as a support for chemistry learning; ii) the harmonization of teaching and learning activities, formative and summative assessment, feedback from formative assessment and the criteria used to evaluate students in summative assessment; iii) the evaluation of the validity of tasks used for formative and summative assessment according to the curricula aims and the educational standards; iv) designing tasks for monitoring students? progress towards certain educational standards. Teachers? responses show the impact of the programme for the development of their competencies for assessment, particularly regarding formative and summative assessment and designing various kinds of assessment in accordance with the achievement standards.
Improvement of the minimum detectable activity of a free release monitor for small articles
Authors: Pohuliai Serhii , Krainukovs Igors
Published: July 2021

This paper presents results of the development of a small-sized free release monitor designed for the release of materials, various hand tools, equipment and instruments of nuclear enterprises and laboratories staff that weight up to 50 kg, from radiation control. To increase the registration sensitivity of controlled radionuclides, 12 scintillation units based on a 3"x3" sized NaI (Tl) crystal were used as gamma-radiation detectors. Volume of the measuring chamber of the monitor amounted to 200 L, the chosen thickness of the low-back ground shielding was 50 mm. The values of the minimum detect able activity of the designed monitor for the point sources 123I, 131I, 99mTc, 18F were better than 100 Bq with measurement time not exceeding 60 seconds.
The ability to experience mixed emotions in children aged 5 to 10 years
Authors: Spasic-Snele Miljana , Guberinic Mila
Published: July 2021

The main aim of this study was to examine children?s ability to verbally report experiencing allocentric mixed emotions in 60 children aged 5 to 10 years from three age groups ? preschool, second and fourth grade. Five short video-clips from the animated movie ?Dumbo?, in which the protagonist experiences mixed emotions, were used as a stimulus in the study, followed by an interview with the children, while their parents completed the Empathy Quotient questionnaire to assess the child?s empathy. The results showed a developmental progression in children?s ability to experience mixed emotions ? the fourth-grade students were shown to be more successful compared to the two younger groups. Age was a statistically significant predictor of experiencing mixed emotions, whereas empathy was not. Gender differences in experiencing mixed emotions were not found, but there was a difference in the dynamics of the development of this ability between the genders. Findings were interpreted from a developmental-cognitive perspective, according to which the ability to integrate opposite valence emotions, as two conceptually different representation sets, develops with age.
Fuel cell thermal management system based on microbial fuel cell 3-D multi-phase flow numerical model
Authors: Liu Jia , Huang Jin , Hu Jinzhi
Published: July 2021

The paper tests the changes in the pH value of the anolyte and catholyte. The
3-D multi-phase 3-D multi-current conductivity values analyze the
electricity generation process and energy utilization of the microbial fuel
cell (AMFC) and provide a theory for improving the AMFC following the
performance. The test results show that with the operation of AMFC, the pH
value of the anolyte and the 3-D multi-flow conductivity show a downward
trend, the pH value of the catholyte and the 3-D multi-flow conductivity
show an upward trend, and the ratio of the pH value of the catholyte the pH
value of the anolyte is about 0.30-0.50 higher, and the average 3-D
multi-current conductivity of the anolyte and catholyte does not change
much. When AMFC operates stably, the internal ohmic resistance is 29.69 ?,
the limiting current is 2.69 mA, the maximum output power is about 0.8 mW,
and the corre?sponding internal resistance is about 95.72 ?. The mass
transmission of potassium ferricyanide is the limiting factor of limiting
current. Numerical analysis of 3-D multi-phase flow found that other
microorganisms consume 91.1% of the glucose in AMFC anolyte, and only 8.9%
of the glucose is used for power generation. The 88.5% of the energy of the
glucose used for power generation is converted into other forms of energy,
only 11.5% of the energy is converted into electricity.
Learning Analytics and Technology through Teaching
Authors: Kaufman Matthew , Yuthas Kristi
Published: July 2021

Data analytics problems, methods and software are changing rapidly. Learning how to learn new technologies might be the most important skill for students to develop in an analytics course. We present a pedagogical framework that promotes self-regulated learning and metacognition and three student-driven assignments that can be used in accounting analytics and other courses that incorporate technology. The assignment can be used by faculty who do not have training in analytics. The assignments adopt a learn-through-teaching approach that helps students: (1) define a conceptual or technical knowledge gap; (2) identify resources available for filling that gap; (3) work independently to acquire the desired knowledge; (4) break knowledge into components and arrange in a logical sequence; and (5) reinforce knowledge by presenting to others in an accessible manner. These assignments equip students with confidence and capabilities that will enable them to keep up with advances in technology.
Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Risk of Retinal Vein Occlusion Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Min-Kyung , Kim Bongsung , Han Kyungdo , Lee Jae-Hyuk , Kim Minhee , Kim Mee Kyoung , Baek Ki-Hyun , Song Ki-Ho , Kwon Hyuk-Sang , Roh Young-Jung
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

To assess the association between use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) using data from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used an active comparator, new user design, and nationwide data from 2014 to 2017. Based on a 1:1 propensity score match, we included 47,369 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors and 47,369 users of other glucose-lowering drugs (oGLDs). In the matched sample, we used the Cox proportional hazards model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for developing RVO. Based on the main outcome, exploratory subgroup analyses were undertaken.

RESULTS

During a follow-up of 2.57 years, the incidence rate of RVO was 2.19 and 1.79 per 1,000 person-years in patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors and oGLDs, respectively. The new use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of RVO compared with oGLD use (HR 1.264 [95% CI 1.056, 1.513]). In the subgroup analyses, a significant interaction with SGLT2 inhibitors was observed for age and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); the HR for RVO was higher in patients aged ≥60 years and those with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 than in others.

CONCLUSIONS

In a matched cohort study, we found that SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a significantly increased risk of RVO. Older patients and those with chronic kidney disease were at higher risk for RVO.
Racial, Rural, and Regional Disparities in Diabetes-Related Lower-Extremity Amputation Rates, 2009–2017
Authors: Akinlotan Marvellous A. , Primm Kristin , Bolin Jane N. , Ferdinand Cheres Abdelle L. , Lee JuSung , Callaghan Timothy , Ferdinand Alva O.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

To examine the racial/ethnic, rural-urban, and regional variations in the trends of diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations (LEAs) among hospitalized U.S. adults from 2009 to 2017.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) (2009–2017) to identify trends in LEA rates among those primarily hospitalized for diabetes in the U.S. We conducted multivariable logistic regressions to identify individuals at risk for LEA based on race/ethnicity, census region location (North, Midwest, South, and West), and rurality of residence.

RESULTS

From 2009 to 2017, the rates of minor LEAs increased across all racial/ethnic, rural/urban, and census region categories. The increase in minor LEAs was driven by Native Americans (annual percent change [APC] 7.1%, P < 0.001) and Asians/Pacific Islanders (APC 7.8%, P < 0.001). Residents of non-core (APC 5.4%, P < 0.001) and large central metropolitan areas (APC 5.5%, P < 0.001) experienced the highest increases over time in minor LEA rates. Among Whites and residents of the Midwest and non-core and small metropolitan areas there was a significant increase in major LEAs. Regression findings showed that Native Americans and Hispanics were more likely to have a minor or major LEA compared with Whites. The odds of a major LEA increased with rurality and was also higher among residents of the South than among those of the Northeast. A steep decline in major–to–minor amputation ratios was observed, especially among Native Americans.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite increased risk of diabetes-related lower-limb amputations in underserved groups, our findings are promising when the major–to–minor amputation ratio is considered.
Increasing Vitamin B12 Screening Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Long-Term Metformin Therapy
Authors: Jr. Elijah P. Mays,
Published: July 2021

The setting for this project was a free clinic
that serves an underserved and underprivileged community in the southeastern
United States. The patient population is 80% Hispanic and 20% African American
and Caucasian. The clinic also serves the community by doubling as a food bank
and clothing center. Clinician staffing at the clinic included three physicians,
two family nurse practitioners (FNPs), one physician assistant (PA), and a
mixture of nurse practitioner (NP) and PA students. The students rotated through
the clinic for one semester or multiple semesters as they progressed through
their graduate program’s plan of study.
Comparative Evaluation of Translation Memory (TM) and Machine Translation (MT) Systems in Translation between Arabic and English
Authors:   ,   Swansea University, Ben Milad Khaled Mamer
Published: July 2021

In general, advances in translation technology tools have enhanced translation quality significantly. Unfortunately, however, it seems that this is not the case for all language pairs. A concern arises when the users of translation tools want to work between different language families such as Arabic and English. The main problems facing Arabic<>English translation tools lie in Arabic’s characteristic free word order, richness of word inflection – including orthographic ambiguity – and optionality of diacritics, in addition to a lack of data resources. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of translation memory (TM) and machine translation (MT) systems in translating between Arabic and English.The research evaluates the two systems based on specific criteria relating to needs and expected results. The first part of the thesis evaluates the performance of a set of well-known TM systems when retrieving a segment of text that includes an Arabic linguistic feature. As it is widely known that TM matching metrics are based solely on the use of edit distance string measurements, it was expected that the aforementioned issues would lead to a low match percentage. The second part of the thesis evaluates multiple MT systems that use the mainstream neural machine translation (NMT) approach to translation quality. Due to a lack of training data resources and its rich morphology, it was anticipated that Arabic features would reduce the translation quality of this corpus-based approach. The systems’ output was evaluated using both automatic evaluation metrics including BLEU and hLEPOR, and TAUS human quality ranking criteria for adequacy and fluency.The study employed a black-box testing methodology to experimentally examine the TM systems through a test suite instrument and also to translate Arabic English sentences to collect the MT systems’ output. A translation threshold was used to evaluate the fuzzy matches of TM systems, while an online survey was used to collect participants’ responses to the quality of MT system’s output. The experiments’ input of both systems was extracted from Arabic<>English corpora, which was examined by means of quantitative data analysis. The results show that, when retrieving translations, the current TM matching metrics are unable to recognise Arabic features and score them appropriately. In terms of automatic translation, MT produced good results for adequacy, especially when translating from Arabic to English, but the systems’ output appeared to need post-editing for fluency. Moreover, when retrievingfrom Arabic, it was found that short sentences were handled much better by MT than by TM. The findings may be given as recommendations to software developers.
NATURAL INFECTION OF Tobacco mosaic virus ON BUTTERNUT SQUASH IN BALI, INDONESIA
Authors: Listihani Listihani , Selangga Dewa Gede Wiryangga , Sutrawati Mimi
Published: July 2021

Natural infection of Tobacco mosaic virus on butternut squash in Bali, Indonesia. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was a newly emerging virus infecting cucumbers in Indonesia since 2017. The mosaic disease caused by TMV potentially caused yield loss cucumber in Java. In 2019, mosaic symptoms were observed in butternut squash plants in Bali and molecular detection using universal primer of Tobamovirus indicated the presence of TMV infection. Further research was conducted to determine molecular characteristics of TMV on butternut squash plants in Bali. Specific DNA bands of Tobamovirus were amplified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method, followed by DNA sequencing. The DNA were successfully amplified from CP Tobamovirus using universal primers from several butternut squash samples, i.e. Denpasar, Gianyar, Buleleng, and Karangasem Districts. The homology analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of TMV among isolates from Denpasar, Gianyar, Buleleng, and Karangasem Districts was ranged between 95.6 – 97.7% and 98.1 – 99.4%, respectively. This indicated that low genetic diversity of TMV among Bali isolates. The highest homology of corresponding sequences of TMV isolates from Denpasar, Gianyar, Buleleng, and Karangasem Districts was closely related to TMV Kediri-Indonesia isolate on cucumber plant. Correspondingly, the phylogenetic analysis showed that TMV Bali isolates were categorized into same cluster with Kediri-Indonesia isolates. This was the first report of TMV on butternut squash in Indonesia.
Ensino superior e a formação de professores
Authors: Costa Antonio de Pádua Oliveira , Torres Juliana Rezende
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar como o Ensino Superior, especificamente os cursos de licenciaturas e de Pedagogia, tornaram-se uma das exigências para a atuação de professores no Brasil. Tomamos como referenciais teóricos os estudos produzidos por Tanuri (2000), Nóvoa (1991), Rhomanelli (1987), Villela (2007), Saviani (2009), Hebling (2013), entre outros. Adotamos como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa em Educação a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental. A partir dos estudos analisados, foi possível compreender como o Ensino Superior tornou-se a formação mínima para a atuação de professores no Brasil, especialmente a partir da Reforma do Ensino Superior de 1968 e da LDB de 1971. Contudo, essas reformas impactaram consideravelmente nessa formação, atribuindo uma tendência tecnicista, mercadológica, fragmentada e voltada, de maneira geral, para a proletarização dos professores.
El reto profesional para los contadores públicos ante las innovaciones sociales
Authors: Changmarín Reyes Carlos Antonio
Published: July 2021

En la investigación cualitativa que dio origen a este escrito se estudió la actuación del contador público desde el año 1951 hasta la fecha, para conocer los principales retos del profesional contable frente al manejo de los datos y las nuevas tecnologías, así como el devenir de la profesión en el tiempo. Para tal efecto, se consultaron autores de bases de datos arbitradas. Se puede afirmar de ello que los retos han sido muchos, y que todos los inventos tecnológicos han contribuido como herramientas para mejorar el ejercicio de este profesional —en beneficio de la empresa—; ello le ha conferido un rol principal en el manejo de sistemas actuales como blockchain y big data, entre otros. Se afirma con esto que la profesión de contador público cuenta con un gran futuro, siempre y cuando se mantenga en un riguroso programa de actualización.
Percepción sobre la adopción del Régimen Simple de tributación en minimercados de la Localidad de Suba en Bogotá
Authors: Neuque Rico Deisy Jacqueline , Peralta Borray Diego Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Esta investigación se desarrolló con el propósito de explorar las percepciones sobre la adopción del RST en Colombia, por parte de los minimercados en el barrio Villa María en la Localidad de Suba, de la ciudad de Bogotá. A través de un estudio de caso con seis subunidades de análisis, se abordaron 8 categorías (Divulgación, Simplicidad, Tarifas, Presión Fiscal, Crecimiento Económico, Flujo de Caja, Formalidad y Evasión de Impuestos). Se concluye que, para los casos analizados, no se perciben las ventajas de acogerse al RST, las creencias sobre la corrupción e ineficiencia del Estado, la fragilidad financiera de los negocios, el desconocimiento de las ventajas tributarias y la imposibilidad de acceder a ella hace inviable su implementación.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA KOMIK BERBASIS PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PADA MATERI PENGUKURAN WAKTU
Authors: Baharuddin Baharuddin , Halimah Andi , Nurjannah Ika , Suharti Suharti , Sriyanti A.
Published: July 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengembangan media komik berbasis pendekatan saintifik yang memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan Research and Development yang mengacu pada model pengembangan ADDIE. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba terbatas yang dilakukan pada kelas V SDN 250 Bulu Kabupaten Soppeng, diperoleh bahwa: (1) hasil validasi media komik adalah 4,01 pada kategori valid, (2) hasil kepraktisan media komik adalah 95% dan berada pada kategori sangat positif, dan (3) hasil keefektifan karena telah memenuhi tiga kriteria yaitu kemampuan guru saat mengelola pembelajaran 4,7 (kategori sangat baik), persentase aktivitas peserta didik 86,1% (kategori sangat baik) dan persentase ketuntasan belajar peserta didik berkategori tinggi serta mencapai ketuntasan klasikal yaitu 100%. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam tahap uji coba terbatas yang dilaksanakan, media komik berbasis pendekatan saintifik pada materi pengukuran telah memenuhi kriteria kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan. Media komik berbasis pendekatan saintifik dapat digunakan dalam proses belajar mengajar di sekolah dasar, tampilan yang menarik membuat aktivitas peserta didik semakin baik dan meningkatkan ketuntasan hasil belajar matematika.AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the level of validity, effectiveness, and practicality of the developing comic media based on the scientific approach. The method used was Research and Development with ADDIE model. Based on the results of the limited test conducted at the fifth-grade students of SDN 250 Bulu in Soppeng Regency, it was found that: (1) the validation result of comic media was 4.01 in the valid category, (2) the practicality result of comic media was 95% which was in the very positive category, and (3) the results of the effectiveness had fulfilled three criteria, namely the teacher’s ability to manage learning was 4.7 (very good category), students’ activities were 86.1% (very good category) and the students’ learning completeness was categorized high and achieving 100% of classical completeness. Therefore, it could be concluded that in the limited test stage, comic media based on the scientific approach to the measurement material had fulfilled the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Comic media based on the scientific approach can be used in the teaching and learning process in elementary schools because attractive media makes the students’ activities better and improves their mathematics learning outcomes.
Reviewing Local Revenue Capacity in Indonesia
Authors: Kartika Metasari
Published: July 2021

Fiscal capacity through Local Own-Source Revenuedescribes the region's ability to explore existing sources of income in the region. Data from BPS (2019) on the level of regional independence shows 11 provinces in the low category, 15 provinces in the low category, and eight provinces in the moderate category. Until now, no province in Indonesia has been included in the high category of regional independence. The novelty of this study, trying to revisit the issue of Local Own-Source Revenue in Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of per capita GDP variables, the value of the trade sector, and the value of the agricultural sector on Local Own-Source Revenuecapacity. Local Own-Source Revenue capacity is measured using the concept of tax capacity, namely Local Own-Source Revenuedivided by PDRB. The object of the study was 34 provinces in Indonesia during the period 2010-2019 (10 years). The research method uses an unbalanced regression panel with a fixed-effect model approach. The study results were that the per capita GDP had a positive and significant effect on Local Own-Source Revenue capacity. The trade sector had a positive and insignificant effect, and the agricultural sector had a significant negative impact on Local Own-Source Revenuecapacity. Therefore, the Provincial Government needs to continue to increase GDP per capita, issue regulations, and maintain regional conditions to support trade activities and approach the public to pay taxes, especially provincial taxes. The provincial government also needs to increase the downstream and industrialization of agricultural products to increase the capacity of Local Own-Source Revenue. Keywords: Local Own-Source Revenue; Tax Capacity
Nazhir's Professionalism in the Management of Cash Waqf and Community Economic Empowerment
Authors: Effendi M Rachmat , Rohmah Maulida Ira Siti
Published: July 2021

This research examines Nadzir's professionalism in managing cash waqf, to map the quality of waqf institutions in the management of cash waqf in transparency and accountability in accountability to stakeholders and Allah SWT. This research uses qualitative methods through observation, interviews, and document review. The results obtained show that several Nadzir waqf, such as the Pesantren Islam Al-Azhar Foundation, the Dompet Dhafa Foundation, the Daaruttauhid Foundation, and the Semai Sinergi Ummat Foundation (Waqf Pro99), have demonstrated the management of cash waqf in a professional, transparent and accountable manner. The financial management system uses the zakat accounting standard PSAK 109. The results of an independent public accountant audit show an unqualified opinion (SWO). On average, 90% of the business results are used by social activities and community empowerment through the Wakaf Integrated Farming (WIF)  program, which is focused on the field of sheep farming using the mudhorobah system. Theoretically, this research contributes to the scientific development of Islamic Institutional Management at the Faculty of Da'wah, and can be used as a reference for Nadzir waqf in managing cash waqf and waqf assets in general.
Determination of Internet Banking Customer Satisfaction - Study at SOE Bank in Indonesia
Authors: Murdifin Imaduddin , Nasir Munawir , Ashoer Muhammad , Syahnur Muh. Haerdiansyah
Published: July 2021

This study seeks to identify the role of perception of information technology, service quality, and trust on customer satisfaction of internet banking users in several State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) Banks in Indonesia. The study involved 228 respondents from BBRI, BMRI, and BBNI. The stages in data analysis involve the classical assumption, validity & reliability, and effect test using PLS-SEM. The results accept all hypotheses with positive and significant effects. This study finds that the optimal use and application of information technology systems can increase perceptions of internet banking use on customer satisfaction at SOE banks in Indonesia.