bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat stress effects on farrowing rate in sows: Genetic parameter estimation using within-line and crossbred models1
Authors: Bloemhof S. , Kause A. , Knol E. F. , Van Arendonk J.A.M. , Misztal I.
Published: January 2012

The pork supply chain values steady and undisturbed piglet production. Fertilization and maintaining gestation in warm and hot climates is a challenge that can be potentially improved by selection. The objective of this study was to estimate 1) genetic variation for farrowing rate of sows in 2 dam lines and their reciprocal cross; 2) genetic variation for farrowing rate heat tolerance, which can be defined as the random regression slope of farrowing rate against increasing temperature at day of insemination, and the genetic correlation between farrowing rate and heat tolerance; 3) genetic correlation between farrowing rate in purebreds and crossbreds; and 4) genetic correlation between heat tolerance in purebreds and crossbreds. The estimates were based on 93,969 first insemination records per cycle from 24,456 sows inseminated between January 2003 and July 2008. These sows originated from a Dutch purebred Yorkshire dam line (D), an International purebred Large White dam line (ILW), and from their reciprocal crosses (RC) raised in Spain and Portugal. Within-line and crossbred models were used for variance component estimation. Heritability estimates for farrowing rate were 0.06, 0.07, and 0.02 using within-line models for D, ILW, and RC, respectively, and 0.07, 0.07, and 0.10 using the crossbred model, respectively. For farrowing rate, purebred-crossbred genetic correlations were 0.57 between D and RC and 0.50 between ILW and RC. When including heat tolerance in the within-line model, heritability estimates for farrowing rate were 0.05, 0.08, and 0.03 for D, ILW, and RC, respectively. Heritability for heat tolerance at 29.3°C was 0.04, 0.02, and 0.05 for D, ILW, and RC, respectively. Genetic correlations between farrowing rate and heat tolerance tended to be negative in crossbreds and ILW-line sows, implying selection for increased levels of production traits, such as growth and reproductive output, is likely to increase environmental sensitivity. This study shows that genetic selection for farrowing rate and heat tolerance is possible. However, when this selection is based solely on purebred information, the expected genetic progress on farrowing rate and heat tolerance in crossbreds (commercial animals) would be inconsequential.
Science Aspirations, Capital, and Family Habitus
Authors: Archer Louise , DeWitt Jennifer , Osborne Jonathan , Dillon Justin , Willis Beatrice , Wong Billy
Published: January 2012

Low participation rates in the study of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) post-16 are a matter of international concern. Existing evidence suggests children’s science aspirations are largely formed within the critical 10 to 14 age period. This article reports on survey data from over 9,000 elementary school children in England (age 10/11) and qualitative data from 160 semi-structured interviews (92 children aged 10/11 and 78 parents), collected as part of an ongoing 5-year longitudinal study in the United Kingdom tracking children from 10 to 14. Drawing on the conceptual framework of Bourdieu, the article explores how the interplay of family habitus and capital can make science aspirations more “thinkable” for some (notably middle-class) children than others. It is argued that while family habitus is not deterministic (there is no straightforward alignment between family habitus, capital, and a child’s science aspirations), social inequalities in the distribution of capital and differentially classed family habitus combine to produce uneven (classed, racialized) patterns in children’s science aspirations and potential future participation.
Designing a transcriptome next‐generation sequencing project for a nonmodel plant species1
Authors: Strickler Susan R. , Bombarely Aureliano , Mueller Lukas A.
Published: January 2012

The application of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to transcriptomics, commonly called RNA‐seq, allows the nearly complete characterization of transcriptomic events occurring in a specific tissue. It has proven particularly useful in nonmodel species, which often lack the resources available for sequenced organisms. Mainly, RNA‐seq does not require a reference genome to gain useful transcriptomic information. In this review, the application of RNA‐seq to nonmodel plant species will be addressed. Important experimental considerations from presequencing issues to postsequencing analysis, including sample and platform selection, and useful bioinformatics tools for assembly and data analysis, are covered. Methods of assembling RNA‐seq data and analyses commonly performed with RNA‐seq data, including single nucleotide polymorphism detection and analysis of differential expression, are explored. In addition, studies that have used RNA‐seq to elucidate nonmodel plant transcriptomics are highlighted.
Development of 15 novel microsatellite markers from cellulose synthase genes in Populus tomentosa (Salicaceae)
Authors: Du Qing‐Zhang , Zhang De‐Qiang , Li Bai‐Lian
Published: January 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers from cellulose synthase genes were developed for the Chinese white poplar, Populus tomentosa, to investigate the genetic diversity of wild germplasm resources and to further identify favorable alleles significantly associated with wood cellulose content.

• Methods and Results: Fifteen microsatellite markers were developed in P. tomentosa by deep sequencing of cellulose synthase genes. Polymorphisms were evaluated in 460 individuals from three climatic regions of P. tomentosa, and all 15 markers revealed polymorphic variation. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to nine with an average of 4.3; the observed and expected heterozygosity per locus varied from 0.029 to 0.962 and from 0.051 to 0.713, respectively.

• Conclusions: These polymorphic markers will potentially be useful for genetic mapping and in molecular breeding for improvement of wood fiber traits in Populus.
Next‐generation sequencing applications for wheat crop improvement
Authors: Berkman Paul J. , Lai Kaitao , Lorenc Michał T. , Edwards David
Published: January 2012

• Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum; Poaceae) is a crop plant of great importance. It provides nearly 20% of the world's daily food supply measured by calorie intake, similar to that provided by rice. The yield of wheat has doubled over the last 40 years due to a combination of advanced agronomic practice and improved germplasm through selective breeding. More recently, yield growth has been less dramatic, and a significant improvement in wheat production will be required if demand from the growing human population is to be met.

• Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are revolutionizing biology and can be applied to address critical issues in plant biology. Technologies can produce draft sequences of genomes with a significant reduction to the cost and timeframe of traditional technologies. In addition, NGS technologies can be used to assess gene structure and expression, and importantly, to identify heritable genome variation underlying important agronomic traits.

• This review provides an overview of the wheat genome and NGS technologies, details some of the problems in applying NGS technology to wheat, and describes how NGS technologies are starting to impact wheat crop improvement.
Nuclear microsatellite loci for Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae), a model species to study plant adaptation to heavy metals
Authors: Godé Cécile , Decombeix Isabelle , Kostecka Alicja , Wasowicz Pawel , Pauwels Maxime , Courseaux Adeline , Saumitou‐Laprade Pierre
Published: January 2012

• Premise of the study: Arabidopsis halleri is a model species to study the adaptation of plants to soils contaminated by zinc, cadmium, and lead. To provide a neutral genetic background with which adaptive genetic markers could be compared, we developed highly polymorphic neutral microsatellite markers.

• Methods and Results: Using a microsatellite‐enriched library method, we identified 120 microsatellite loci for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analysis, of which eight primer pairs were developed in a single multiplex for population genetic studies. Analyses were performed on 508 individuals from 26 populations. All loci were polymorphic with six to 23 alleles per locus. Genetic diversity varied between 0.56 and 0.76.

• Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the value of these eight microsatellite markers to investigate neutral population genetic structure in A. halleri. To increase the resolution of population genetic analyses, we suggest adding them to the 11 markers previously developed independently.
Targeted sequence capture as a powerful tool for evolutionary analysis1
Authors: Grover Corrinne E. , Salmon Armel , Wendel Jonathan F.
Published: January 2012

Next‐generation sequencing technologies (NGS) have revolutionized biological research by significantly increasing data generation while simultaneously decreasing the time to data output. For many ecologists and evolutionary biologists, the research opportunities afforded by NGS are substantial; even for taxa lacking genomic resources, large‐scale genome‐level questions can now be addressed, opening up many new avenues of research. While rapid and massive sequencing afforded by NGS increases the scope and scale of many research objectives, whole genome sequencing is often unwarranted and unnecessarily complex for specific research questions. Recently developed targeted sequence enrichment, coupled with NGS, represents a beneficial strategy for enhancing data generation to answer questions in ecology and evolutionary biology. This marriage of technologies offers researchers a simple method to isolate and analyze a few to hundreds, or even thousands, of genes or genomic regions from few to many samples in a relatively efficient and effective manner. These strategies can be applied to questions at both the infra‐ and interspecific levels, including those involving parentage, gene flow, divergence, phylogenetics, reticulate evolution, and many more. Here we provide a brief overview of targeted sequence enrichment, and emphasize the power of this technology to increase our ability to address a wide range of questions of interest to ecologists and evolutionary biologists, particularly for those working with taxa for which few genomic resources are available.
Genome‐wide mapping of transcription factor binding reveals developmental process integration and a fresh look at evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Yant Levi
Published: January 2012

How does evolution forge adaptive responses? Are many changes required or few? Just how complex are the transcriptional networks that control development? Diverse questions like these are being newly addressed by next‐generation sequencing‐based techniques. Facilitating a mechanistic understanding, these approaches reveal the direct in vivo interactions between transcription factors and their physical targets, combined with genome‐scale readouts to comprehensively map adaptive gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Here I focus on pioneering work from the last 3 years that has leveraged these data to investigate diverse aspects of GRN circuitry controlling the reproductive transition in plants. These approaches have revealed surprising new functions for long‐investigated key players in developmental programs and laid bare the basis for pleiotropy in many others, suggesting widespread process integration at the transcriptional level. Evolutionary questions begged by the recent deluge of GRN mapping data are being assessed anew, both by emerging work outside Arabidopsis thaliana and novel analyses within. These studies have swiftly exposed the distinctive power and adaptability of genome‐wide GRN mapping and illustrate that this unique data type holds tremendous promise for plant biology.
Next‐generation sequencing and genome evolution in allopolyploids
Authors: Buggs Richard J. A. , Renny‐Byfield Simon , Chester Michael , Jordon‐Thaden Ingrid E. , Viccini Lyderson Facio , Chamala Srikar , Leitch Andrew R. , Schnable Patrick S. , Barbazuk W. Bradley , Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E.
Published: January 2012

•Premise of the study: Hybridization and polyploidization (allopolyploidy) are ubiquitous in the evolution of plants, but tracing the origins and subsequent evolution of the constituent genomes of allopolyploids has been challenging. Genome doubling greatly complicates genetic analyses, and this has long hindered investigation in that most allopolyploid species are “nonmodel” organisms. However, recent advances in sequencing and genomics technologies now provide unprecedented opportunities to analyze numerous genetic markers in multiple individuals in any organism.

•Methods: Here we review the application of next‐generation sequencing technologies to the study of three aspects of allopolyploid genome evolution: duplicated gene loss and expression in two recently formed Tragopogon allopolyploids, intergenomic interactions and chromosomal evolution in Tragopogon miscellus, and repetitive DNA evolution in Nicotiana allopolyploids.

•Key results: For the first time, we can explore on a genomic scale the evolutionary processes that are ongoing in natural allopolyploids and not be restricted to well‐studied crops and genetic models.

•Conclusions: These approaches can be easily and inexpensively applied to many other plant species—making any evolutionarily provocative system a new “model” system.
An Adaptive and Cost-Effective Data Transmission Framework Using MMS Technology for Client-Server Application
Authors: Setyono Andik , Alam Md. Jahangir , Eswaran C.
Published: January 2012

Limitation of message size of the MMS technology is one of the important factors which make this technology less attractive. This limitation restricts the system developers in developing new mobile applications using MMS technology. This research attempts to improve the capacity of the maximum message size by implementing compression, splitting and cropping techniques for MMS application on the mobile phone devices. This paper presents the architecture to enhance the multimedia capabilities of the MMS technology and also the implementation details for developing client-server system applications. The modified MMS technology can be used to develop practical client-server applications.
Exploring Accessibility Scenarios for 2020 in Relation with Future ICT Trends on Assistive Technology and Accessibility
Authors: Kouroupetroglou Christos , Tektonidis Dimitris , Koumpis Adamantios , Ignatiadis Ioannis
Published: January 2012

In this paper we are going to present a set of 5 future scenarios that were developed within the eAccessibility2020 study. The study aims to explore and analyse the referred relationships between the emerging ICT landscape, in the societal and economic context and the development and provision of assistive technologies (AT) and e-Accessibility, within a perspective of 10 years. The scenarios were developed after an initial trend analysis that the study team conducted based on data gathering. The scenarios were developed based on a methodology which defined a set of guides for scenario development and a set of visions for the future of eAccessibility.
Interactive Prototypes to Foster Pedagogical Activities for Mobile Collaborative Learning Environment (MCLE)
Authors: Razaque Abdul , Elleithy Khaled
Published: January 2012

Deployment of new emerging technologies have attracted and motivated a great deal of attention from researchers and scientist in various disciplines to develop and design the learning management systems, virtual learning environments and conference systems with support of MCL for education and other organizations. This technological revolution of connecting large numbers of potential learners through mobile telephony creates new challenges for developing the new architectures for education and business. Some of the MCL paradigms are proposed and implemented in various fields such as university, corporate, health and military but they lack completeness. This paper introduces new server and client side interactive prototypes with support of various working components, which help the users in obtaining the contents from server to meet the pedagogical requirements. This paper also proposes and integrates the features of content-server with cache-server to provide the faster delivery of contents for MCL. Furthermore, the paper proposes and implements some features of a novel "group application" to support asynchronous and synchronous and multimodal features to facilitate the students for MCL. Finally, the paper validates the features of interactive architecture and applications. This contribution will encourage and motivate the students to pursue their education again because the students will be able to get the course contents at anytime and anywhere.
IL-22 Mediates Host Defense against an Intestinal Intracellular Parasite in the Absence of IFN-γ at the Cost of Th17-Driven Immunopathology
Authors: Stange Jörg , Hepworth Matthew R. , Rausch Sebastian , Zajic Lara , Kühl Anja A. , Uyttenhove Catherine , Renauld Jean-Christophe , Hartmann Susanne , Lucius Richard
Published: January 2012

The roles of Th1 and Th17 responses as mediators of host protection and pathology in the intestine are the subjects of intense research. In this study, we investigated a model of intestinal inflammation driven by the intracellular apicomplexan parasite Eimeria falciformis. Although IFN-γ was the predominant cytokine during E. falciformis infection in wild-type mice, it was found to be dispensable for host defense and the development of intestinal inflammation. E. falciformis-infected IFN-γR−/− and IFN-γ−/− mice developed dramatically exacerbated body weight loss and intestinal pathology, but they surprisingly harbored fewer parasites. This was associated with a striking increase in parasite-specific IL-17A and IL-22 production in the mesenteric lymph nodes and intestine. CD4+ T cells were found to be the source of IL-17A and IL-22, which drove the recruitment of neutrophils and increased tissue expression of anti-microbial peptides (RegIIIβ, RegIIIγ) and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Concurrent neutralization of IL-17A and IL-22 in E. falciformis-infected IFN-γR−/− mice resulted in a reduction in infection-induced body weight loss and inflammation and significantly increased parasite shedding. In contrast, neutralization of IL-22 alone was sufficient to increase parasite burden, but it had no effect on body weight loss. Treatment of an E. falciformis-infected intestinal epithelial cell line with IFN-γ, IL-17A, or IL-22 significantly reduced parasite development in vitro. Taken together, to our knowledge these data demonstrate for the first time an antiparasite effect of IL-22 during an intestinal infection, and they suggest that IL-17A and IL-22 have redundant roles in driving intestinal pathology in the absence of IFN-γ signaling.
Structural Elucidation of the Mechanistic Basis of Degeneracy in the Primary Humoral Response
Authors: Khan Tarique , Salunke Dinakar M.
Published: January 2012

The mechanistic basis for efficient combating of the infinite range of foreign Ags by the limited repertoire of naive Abs expressed on primary B cell surfaces during their first encounter was addressed through elegantly designed crystallographic analyses. Resolution of the discrepancy arising from the limited number of possible germline Ab receptors on primary B cells for recognizing the unlimited pool of possible Ags has been attempted by invoking the degenerate recognition potential of the germline Abs. Structural analyses of germline mAb BBE6.12H3 in an Ag-free state, as well as bound to four different peptide Ags, established the correlation of its degenerate specificity with conformational versatility of the paratope. Six distinct paratope topologies observed for a single germline mAb provided a quantitative description of the primary Ag recognition repertoire at the tertiary structural level. Each of the four different peptide Ags was bound specifically to a distinct conformation of the paratope, which was also different from that of the Ag-free states of the same germline mAb. A minimal conserved motif in the pristine Ag-combining site essential for multispecificity and Ag binding-mediated change in the elbow angle of Fab was also discernible. It is proposed that the generation of a primary Ab repertoire involves large, yet finite, germline Ab clones, each capable of adopting discrete conformations, which in turn exhibit diverse binding modes.
OX40 Ligand and Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Expression on Inflammatory Dendritic Cells Regulates CD4 T Cell Cytokine Production in the Lung during Viral Disease
Authors: Wythe Sarah E. , Dodd Jonathan S. , Openshaw Peter J. , Schwarze Jürgen
Published: January 2012

CD4 Th differentiation is influenced by costimulatory molecules expressed on conventional dendritic cells (DCs) in regional lymph nodes and results in specific patterns of cytokine production. However, the function of costimulatory molecules on inflammatory (CD11b+) DCs in the lung during recall responses is not fully understood, but it is important for development of novel interventions to limit immunopathological responses to infection. Using a mouse model in which vaccination with vaccinia virus vectors expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (rVVF) or attachment protein (rVVG) leads to type 1- or type 2-biased cytokine responses, respectively, upon RSV challenge, we found expression of CD40 and OX40 ligand (OX40L) on lung inflammatory DCs was higher in rVVF-primed mice than in rVVG-primed mice early after RSV challenge, whereas the reverse was observed later in the response. Conversely, programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) was higher in rVVG-primed mice throughout. Inflammatory DCs isolated at the resolution of inflammation revealed that OX40L on type 1-biased DCs promoted IL-5, whereas OX40L on type 2-biased DCs enhanced IFN-γ production by Ag-reactive Th cells. In contrast, PD-L2 promoted IFN-γ production, irrespective of conditions, suppressing IL-5 only if expressed on type 1-biased DCs. Thus, OX40L and PD-L2 expressed on DCs differentially regulate cytokine production during recall responses in the lung. Manipulation of these costimulatory pathways may provide a novel approach to controlling pulmonary inflammatory responses.
Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor – A Report of Two Cases with Histopathology Correlation
Authors: Baskaran Pavitra , Misra Satyaranjan , Kumar M. Sathya , Mithra R.
Published: January 2012

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an uncommon, hamartomatous, benign, epithelial lesion of odontogenic origin that was first described by Driebaldt in 1907, as a pseudo-adenoameloblastoma. The current World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of odontogenic tumors defines AOT as being composed of the odontogenic epithelium in a variety of histoarchitectural patterns, embedded in mature connective tissue stroma, and characterized by slow, but progressive growth. The current article reports two cases with different presentations; first in a young female patient and the second in a middle-aged male patient. The importance of biopsy, which is the gold standard for diagnosis, and its use in planning of the treatment is discussed.
Gardner's Syndrome
Authors: Panjwani Sapna , Bagewadi Anjana , Keluskar Vaishali , Arora Saurabh
Published: January 2012

Gardner's syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease and is a subtype of familial adenomatous polyposis. It is characterized by adenomatous intestinal polyps, multiple osteomas in the skull, maxillae, mandible, and multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous masses (epidermoids and desmoid). Intestinal polyps, if not treated, have 100% chance of becoming malignant. We report a case of a 25-year-old female patient with Gardner's syndrome, with clinical manifestations including impacted supernumerary teeth, odontomes, sebaceous cyst on the scalp, and osteomas. It is important for the general dental practitioners to be aware of the clinical and radiological characteristics of Gardner's syndrome.
Características do professor de enfermagem efetivo: revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Friedlander Maria Romana
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTObjective: to provide the answers to the following questions: Which are the objectives of the studies published in the last 6 years, in relation to the necessary characteristics to "good" teacher (or effective, or competent, or of success) under the students point of view and under the own teachers point of view? Which are the methodological proceedings used in these studies? Which are the found results? Method: systematic revision of the international literature. Results: it was analyzed 5 studies and it verified that the necessary attributes to a good teacher are classified by personnel relationship domain, professional competence, personality features, ability to teach and ability to evaluate.  Conclusion: it can’t be concluded which of these domains is the most important one, under the point of view of the student or respondent teacher. It was concluded also, that there are need of new studies. Descriptors: effective teacher; nursing; education.  RESUMOObjetivo: dar respostas às seguintes questões: quais os objetivos dos estudos, publicados nos últimos 6 anos, em relação às características necessárias ao professor efetivo sob o ponto de vista dos estudantes e sob o ponto de vista dos próprios docentes? Quais os procedimentos metodológicos usados nesses estudos? Quais os resultados encontrados? Método: revisão sistemática de literatura internacional. Resultados: analisaram-se cinco trabalhos e verificou-se que os atributos necessários ao bom professor podem ser categorizados nos domínios relacionamento interpessoal, competência profissional, traços de personalidade, habilidade para ensinar e habilidade para avaliar. Conclusão: não se pode concluir qual destes domínios é o mais importante seja sob o ponto de vista do estudante seja do professor respondente. Concluiu-se, também, de que há necessidade de novos estudos. Descritores: professor efetivo; enfermagem; educação.RESUMENObjetivo: se intentó obtener las respuestas a las seguientes cuestiones: ¿Quáles son los objetivos de los estudios publicados en los últimos 6 años, en relación a las características necesarias al “buen” (u efectivo, u competente, u de suceso) profesor sobre el punto de vista de los estudiantes y sobre el punto de vista de los próprios docentes? ¿Cuáles son los procedimentos metodológicos utilizados en eses estudios? ¿Cuál es el resultado encontrado? Método: revisión sistemática de la literatura internacional. Resultados: fueran revisados 5 trabajos e se há verificado que los atributos necesarios al buen profesor pueden ser categorizados en los domínios del relacionamento inter personal, competência profesional, trazos de personalidad, habilidad para enseñar y habilidad para avaliar. Conclusão: no se puede concluír cuál de eses domínios es el más importante sea sobre el punto de vista del estudiante sea del profesor respondente. Se há concluído también, que es necesário haber nuevos estudios. Descritores: profesor efectivo; enfermería; educación.
Câncer de mama: levantamento bibliográfico da produção científica brasileira de 2001 a 2008
Authors: Viana Carla Daniele Mota Rêgo , Pereira Maria Lúcia Duarte , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Alexandre Solange Gurgel
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTObjective: to quantify the Brazilian scientific production from 2001 to 2008. Method: we used as sources the articles published in the database of Scielo from 2001 to 2008. The data were treated statistically, placed in a database in Microsoft Excel, then. Categorized and thus divided into tables which show the number of journal articles and in accordance with its themes. Results: from the analysis of the data, found a shortfall in the scientific production on this topic in the field of nursing and the need for more research. Conclusion: you can point out, indeed, the need for Brazilian on the subject, conducted by professional nursing since it seems that he has not been significantly explored in this area. Descriptors: breast cancer; mastectomy; nursing.RESUMOObjetivo: realizar levantamento das produções científicas brasileiras sobre câncer de mama no período de 2001 a 2008. Método: estudo retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, em que foram realizadas buscas em base de dados da Scielo dos últimos seis anos (2001 a 2008), considerando-se dois unitermos, individualmente e de forma cruzada: “câncer de mama” e/ou “mastectomia”. A coleta de dados secundários foi realizada no período de abril a junho de 2008 com uso de um formulário. Após a coleta, realizou-se a leitura criteriosa dos títulos e resumos do material. Em seguida, os mesmos foram codificados, categorizados e quantificados com o uso do Programa Excel do Windows Explorer versão XP, com a apresentação dos dados em tabelas e figuras os quais foram analisados com base na literatura pertinente ao tema. Resultados: a partir da análise dos dados, constatamos um déficit nas produções científicas sobre essa temática na área da enfermagem e a necessidade de mais pesquisas. Conclusão: pode-se apontar, ainda, para a necessidade da realização de pesquisas brasileiras sobre o tema, realizadas por profissionais de enfermagem uma vez que parece que ele não vem sendo significativamente explorado neste âmbito. Descritores: Câncer de mama; Mastectomia; Enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: cuantificar la producción científica brasileña en el período comprendido entre 2001 y 2008. Método: se utilizaron como fuentes los artículos publicados en la base de datos de Scielo entre 2001 y 2008. Los datos fueron tratados estadísticamente, colocados en una base de datos en Microsoft Excel, entonces. Clasificados y, por tanto, dividida en cuadros que muestran el número de artículos de revistas y de conformidad con sus temas. Resultados: del análisis de los datos, encontraron un déficit en la producción científica sobre este tema en el ámbito de la enfermería y la necesidad de más investigación. Conclusión: se puede señalar, de hecho, la necesidad de Brasil sobre el tema, realizado por profesionales de enfermería, ya que parece que no ha sido explorado en esta área. Descriptores: cáncer de mama; mastectomía; enfermería.
Cuidados de enfermagem no pós-operatório de pacientes com trauma buco-maxilo-facial: revisão de literatura
Authors: Gomide Ana Carolina Micheletti , Pereira Hoberdan Oliveira , Buchholz Ícaro , Martins Vera Lúcia Vieira
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the main nursing care for patients with oral & maxillofacial trauma. Methodology: this study is a review of literature. The search was in the National library of medicine (PubMed) and in the Virtual health library (BVS), in the year 2007, using articles of the period 2000 to 2007. Results: were identified nursing care through the development of actions, attitudes and behaviors based on scientific knowledge, experience and critical thinking, performed to and with patients, to promote, maintain and/or recover their dignity and whole human. Conclusion: with the conduct of nursing care promotes an improvement in quality of life of patients with facial trauma, helping them in their physical rehabilitation, functional, aesthetic, social and emotional. Descriptors: facial injuries; nursing care; post-operative care.RESUMOObjetivo: identificar os principais cuidados de enfermagem no atendimento a pacientes acometidos por trauma buco maxilo facial. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Foi realizada uma pesquisa digital nas bases de dados da National library of medicine (PubMed) e Biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS), no ano de 2007, utilizando-se artigos do período 2000 a 2007. Resultados: foram identificados cuidados de enfermagem através do desenvolvimento de ações, atitudes e comportamentos com base em conhecimento científicos, experiências e pensamento crítico, realizados para e com o paciente, no sentido de promover, manter e/ou recuperar sua dignidade e totalidade humana. Conclusão: com a realização de cuidados de enfermagem promove-se uma melhoria na qualidade de vida dos pacientes com trauma facial, contribuindo em sua reabilitação física, funcional, estética, social e emocional. Descritores: traumatismos faciais; cuidados de enfermagem; cuidados pós-operatório.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar los principales cuidados de enfermería en el cuidado de pacientes con traumatismo buco maxilo facial. Metodologia: este estudio es una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se hizo una búsqueda en el Biblioteca nacional de medicina (PubMed)  y en la base de datos de la Biblioteca virtual en salud (BVS), en el año 2007, utilizando los artículos del período 2000 a 2007. Resultados: cuidados de enfermería fueron identificados a través de desarrollo de las acciones, actitudes y comportamientos basados en el conocimiento científico, la experiencia y el pensamiento crítico, y para con el paciente, para promover, mantener y/o recuperar su dignidad y todos los humanos. Conclusión: con la realización de cuidados de enfermería se promueve una mejora en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con trauma facial, y que les ayude en su rehabilitación física, funcional, estético, social y emocional. Descriptores: traumatismos faciales; atención de enfermería; atención post-operatorio.
Time evolution of the PSD in crystallization operations: An analytical solution based on Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Cogoni Giuseppe , Grosso Massimiliano , Baratti Roberto , Romagnoli Jose A.
Published: January 2012

A new formulation of the recent stochastic approach for the description of the particle‐size distribution (PSD) time evolution in antisolvent crystal‐growth processes is presented. In this new approach, the crystals size is modeled as a random variable driven by a Gompertz growth term and the corresponding Fokker‐Planck equation is carried out. This proposed formulation, allows an analytical solution to describe the time evolution of the PSD as a function of the model parameters. The analytical solution is obtained by exploiting the typical properties of linear partial differential equations with linear coefficients, and using the analogy with Kalman filter, in terms of the first two stochastic moments: mean and variance of the PSD. Furthermore, an alternative way for the parameters estimation based on the maximum likelihood estimation is also introduced. Validations against experimental data are provided for the NaCl‐water‐ethanol antisolvent crystallization system. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Self‐Assembled Gelators for Organic Electronics
Authors: Babu Sukumaran Santhosh , Prasanthkumar Seelam , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai
Published: January 2012

Nature excels at engineering materials by using the principles of chemical synthesis and molecular self‐assembly with the help of noncovalent forces. Learning from these phenomena, scientists have been able to create a variety of self‐assembled artificial materials of different size, shapes, and properties for wide ranging applications. An area of great interest in this regard is solvent‐assisted gel formation with functional organic molecules, thus leading to one‐dimensional fibers. Such fibers have improved electronic properties and are potential soft materials for organic electronic devices, particularly in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Described herein is how molecular self‐assembly, which was originally proposed as a simple laboratory curiosity, has helped the evolution of a variety of soft functional materials useful for advanced electronic devices such as organic field‐effect transistors and organic solar cells. Highlights on some of the recent developments are discussed.
Validity of extracellular water assessment with saliva samples using plasma as the reference biological fluid
Authors: Matias Catarina N. , Silva Analiza M. , Santos Diana A. , Gobbo Luis A. , Schoeller Dale A. , Sardinha Luís B.
Published: January 2012

Extracellular water (ECW) assessment is based on dilution techniques, commonly using blood sampling. However, plasma collection is an invasive procedure. We aimed to validate the use of saliva for ECW estimation by the bromide dilution technique using plasma as the reference method, in a sample of elite athletes. A total of 89 elite athletes with a mean age of 20.4 ± 4.4 years were evaluated. Baseline samples were collected before sodium bromide oral dose administration, and enriched samples were collected 3 h post‐dose administration. The bromide concentration was assessed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Comparison of means, concordance coefficient correlation (CCC), multiple regression and Bland–Altman analysis were performed. The ECW from saliva explained 91% of the variance in ECW by plasma with a standard error of estimation of 0.91 kg. The CCC between alternative and reference methods was 0.952. No significant trend was observed between the mean and difference of the methods, with limits of agreement ranging between −1.5 and 2.1 kg. These findings reveal that bromide dilution volume calculated from saliva samples is a valid noninvasive method for ECW assessment in elite athletes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the analysis of atomoxetine in human plasma and in vitro cellular samples
Authors: Appel David I. , Brinda Bryan , Markowitz John S. , Newcorn Jeffrey H. , Zhu Hao‐Jie
Published: January 2012

A simple, rapid and sensitive method for quantification of atomoxetine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was developed. This assay represents the first LC‐MS/MS quantification method for atomoxetine utilizing electrospray ionization. Deuterated atomoxetine (d3‐atomoxetine) was adopted as the internal standard. Direct protein precipitation was utilized for sample preparation. This method was validated for both human plasma and in vitro cellular samples. The lower limit of quantification was 3 ng/mL and 10 nm for human plasma and cellular samples, respectively. The calibration curves were linear within the ranges of 3–900 ng/mL and 10 nm to 10 µm for human plasma and cellular samples, respectively (r2 > 0.999). The intra‐ and inter‐day assay accuracy and precision were evaluated using quality control samples at three different concentrations in both human plasma and cellular lysate. Sample run stability, assay selectivity, matrix effect and recovery were also successfully demonstrated. The present assay is superior to previously published LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS methods in terms of sensitivity or the simplicity of sample preparation. This assay is applicable to the analysis of atomoxetine in both human plasma and in vitro cellular samples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective conjugate addition of ketones to nitroalkenes catalyzed by pyrrolidine‐sulfamides
Authors: Wang Jinjia , Lao Jinhua , Du Quansheng , Nie Shaozhen , Hu Zhipeng , Yan Ming
Published: January 2012

A series of chiral pyrrolidine‐sulfamides were prepared and examined as the catalysts for conjugate addition of ketones to nitroalkenes. Benzoic acid was identified as the most efficient additives for the transformation. Excellent enantioselectivities, diastereoselectivities, and yields were achieved for the reaction of cyclohexanone with β‐aryl nitroethylenes under solvent free conditions. β‐Isopropyl nitroethylene is also applicable and the product could be obtained with excellent enantioselectivity after extended reaction time. A comparison of the catalytic behaviors of pyrrolidine‐sulfamide organocatalysts with different side chains demonstrates that the enantioselectivity is mainly controlled by the chiral pyrrolidine unit and the additional chiral center at the side chain exerts neglectable effects. The H‐bonding interaction between the sulfamide and the nitro group is proposed to be crucial for the activation of the nitroalkene and the constitution of well‐organized transition state. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual stereoselection in the addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde by using highly structurally close ligands
Authors: Sánchez‐Carnerero Esther M. Márquez , Engel Tomás De Las Casas , Maroto Beatriz Lora , Cerero Santiago De La Moya
Published: January 2012

The screening of the catalytic activity in the diethylzinc reaction of a series of easily accessible (1S)‐ketopinic‐acid derived hydroxyamides, designed by key structure modifications of a parent highly active related bis(hydroxyamide), has allowed to find the first case of dual stereoselection in highly structurally close ligands of such interesting chemically sustainable typology. The found striking dual stereoselection is explained on the basis of empiric models for the acting zinc catalysts and involved controlling transition states, which are supported by additional specific experimental structure‐activity tests. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy Improves Vascular Dysfunction and Decreases Oxidative Stress in Patients With the Metabolic Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Oyama Jun‐ichi , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Maeda Toyoki , Ito Akira , Node Koichi , Makino Naoki
Published: January 2012

Background:

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are always exposed to intermittent hypoxia and reoxygenation. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and OSAS are also known to accelerate atherosclerosis, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Therefore, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy may have beneficial effects in patients with the MetS and OSAS.

Hypothesis:

This study in patients with the MetS and OSAS tested the validity of the hypothesis that chronic CPAP therapy improves factors involved in atherosclerosis, including impaired endothelial function.

Methods:

Thirty‐two patients (19 males and 13 females, mean age 54 ± 9 y) diagnosed with the MetS and OSAS were enrolled in the study and received CPAP therapy for 3 months. Vascular function was investigated by measuring forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to reactive hyperemia (RH) using venous occlusion strain‐gauge plethysmography. Biochemical markers were also measured before and after this procedure.

Results:

Basal apnea‐hypopnea index was statistically correlated with FBF response to RH. The FBF response to RH was increased significantly after 3 months of CPAP therapy. A significant increase in plasma nitric oxide levels and a decrease in the levels of asymmetrical dimethylarginine, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, soluble Fas ligand, and soluble CD40 ligand were detected after CPAP therapy. The plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐8 also decreased significantly with CPAP therapy, whereas IL‐1β levels remained unchanged.

Conclusions:

Continuous positive airway pressure therapy has beneficial effects on vascular function and inflammatory and oxidative stress in patients with the MetS and OSAS.

The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Analyses of functional domains within the PF6 protein of the central apparatus reveal a role for PF6 sub‐complex members in regulating flagellar beat frequency
Authors: Goduti Daniel J. , Smith Elizabeth F.
Published: January 2012

Numerous studies have indicated that each of the seven projections associated with the central pair of microtubules plays a distinct role in regulating eukaryotic ciliary/flagellar motility. Mutants which lack specific projections have distinct motility phenotypes. For example, Chlamydomonas pf6 mutants lack the C1a projection and have twitchy, non‐beating flagella. The C1a projection is a complex of proteins including PF6, C1a‐86, C1a‐34, C1a‐32, C1a‐18, and calmodulin. To define functional domains within PF6 and to potentially assign functions to specific C1a components, we generated deletion constructs of the PF6 gene and tested for their ability to assemble and rescue motility upon transformation of mutant pf6 cells. Our results demonstrate that domains near the carboxyl‐terminus of PF6 are essential for motility and/or assembly of the projection. The amino terminal half of PF6 is not required for C1a assembly; however, this region is important for stability of the C1a‐34, C1a‐32, and C1a‐18 sub‐complex and wild‐type beat frequency. Analysis of double mutants lacking the amino terminus of PF6 and outer dynein arms reveal that C1a may play a role in modulating both inner and outer dynein arm activity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Novel 4‐Amino Bis‐pyridinium and Bis‐quinolinium Derivatives as Choline Kinase Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Activity against the Human Breast Cancer SKBR‐3 Cell Line
Authors: Gómez‐Pérez Verónica , McSorley Theresa , See Too Wei Cun , Konrad Manfred , Campos Joaquín M.
Published: January 2012

Choline kinase (ChoK) is the first enzyme in the CDP‐choline pathway that synthesizes phosphatidylcholine, the major phospholipid in eukaryotic cell membranes. Human ChoK has three isoforms: ChoKα1, α2, and β. Specific inhibition of ChoKα has been reported to selectively kill tumor cells. In this study, ten new symmetrical bis‐pyridinium and bis‐quinolinium derivatives were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit human ChoKα2. These compounds have electron‐releasing groups at position 4 of the pyridinium or quinolinium rings. 1,1′‐[(Butane‐1,3‐diylbis(benzene‐1,4‐diylmethylene)]bis[4‐(4‐bromo‐N‐methylanilino)pyridinium)] dibromide and 1,1′‐(biphenyl‐3,3′‐diylmethylene)bis[7‐chloro‐4‐(perhydroazepine‐1‐yl)quinolinium] dibromide were identified as highly potent ChoK inhibitors with IC50 values of 80 nM. Kinetic enzymatic assays indicated a mixed and predominantly competitive mechanism of inhibition for these compounds, which exhibited strong antiproliferative activity (EC50 1 μM) against the human breast cancer SKBR3 cell line.
A novel method for retinoic acid administration reveals differential and dose‐dependent downregulation of Fgf3 in the developing inner ear and anterior CNS
Authors: Cadot Stephanie , Frenz Dorothy , Maconochie Mark
Published: January 2012

Endogenous retinoic acid plays critical roles in normal vertebrate development, but can be teratogenic in excess. In mice, additional retinoic acid is administered by oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection. Here we evaluate a novel non‐invasive system for administering retinoic acid via chocolate/sugar pellets. We use this delivery system to examine the role of retinoic acid in regulating the expression of the fibroblast growth factor Fgf3, and find that the timing of retinoic acid treatment is critical for its effects on Fgf3 expression. Administration of increasing amounts of retinoic acid at 7.75 dpc leads to dose‐dependent downregulation of Fgf3 in the otocyst and changes in spatial expression in the hindbrain. Detailed analysis of the developing inner ear also reveals a lateralisation of Fgf3 expression with increasing retinoic acid dose that is dependent on timing of administration. We discuss how these data impact on current models of retinoic acid patterning of the otocyst. Developmental Dynamics 241:741–758, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Isoxazole Triflones
Authors: Kawai Hiroyuki , Sugita Yutaka , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio
Published: January 2012

The first practical synthesis of isoxazole triflones 3 (4‐trifluoromethanesulfonylisoxazoles, 4‐triflylisoxazoles) has been achieved by an operationally simple procedure consisting of the reaction between readily available α‐triflyl ketones 4 and imidoyl chlorides 5 in the presence of triethylamine. The present method provides the biologically attractive isoxazoles featuring a triflyl group at the 4‐position with a wide substrate scope in good to high yield in all cases.