bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of chloroplast protease AtDeg5 leads to changes in chronological progression of ontogenetic stages, leaf morphology and chloroplast ultrastructure in Arabidopsis
Authors: Baranek Małgorzata , Wyka Tomasz P. , Jackowski Grzegorz
Published: March 2015

The chloroplast protein AtDeg5 is a serine-type protease peripherally attached to thylakoid membrane at its lumenal side. Since reliable data regarding the role of AtDeg5 in controlling the course of growth and developmental processes are extremely limited, two independent T-DNA insertional lines with different extent of AtDeg5 reduction were prepared and ontogenesis stage-based analysis performed. Both mutant lines displayed a compensatory overaccumulation of AtDeg8. The repression of AtDeg5 protease altered a range of phenotypic features in at least one of the mutants, with the most prominent being changes in chronological progression of development and growth of individual rosette leaves, flower production and silique ripening as well as in the area of fully expanded leaves and chloroplast ultrastructure. By analyzing the results of parallel-mutant screening we conclude that AtDeg8 overdose may rescue 23% of AtDeg5 deficiency with regard to some AtDeg5-controlled traits; alternatively AtDeg5 may have catalytic sites in excess so that these traits might remain unaltered when AtDeg5 pool is reduced by 23%. For some other AtDeg5-dependent traits the absence of excessive amount of AtDeg5 catalytic sites, lack of AtDeg5 dosage effect and inability of AtDeg8 to compensate deficiency or absence of AtDeg5 occurred.
Moc v dialogickém vyučování
Authors: Šeďová Klára
Published: March 2015

Cílem této studie je prozkoumat mocenské vztahy mezi učitelem a žáky v kontextu tzv. dialogického vyučování, to znamená takového typu výuky, v němž je stimulována aktivní účast žáků na výukové komunikaci. Článek na datech z výzkumu zaměřeného na zavádění dialogických postupů do vyučování humanitních předmětů na druhém stupni základní školy ukazuje, že v dialogickém vyučování dochází k cirkulaci moci mezi učitelem a žáky. To znamená, že nastavení vzájemných vztahů mezi učiteli a žáky umožňuje funkční přelévání moci mezi oběma stranami. V příspěvku jsou dále identifikovány dílčí elementy cirkulace moci, jimiž jsou snížení dominance učitele a dosažení shody na definici situace mezi učitelem a žáky.
„Knowledge is power“: Studium MBA v perspektivě Bourdieuho teorie kapitálů
Authors: Dvořáčková Jana
Published: March 2015

Cílem této empirické studie, která vychází z ročního etnografického výzkumu na soukromé vysoké škole, je analyzovat, jaký význam má studijní program MBA v reprodukci sociálních diferencí. V první části je představeno teoretické pozadí studie, jímž jsou Bourdieuho koncepty kulturního, ekonomického, symbolického a sociálního kapitálu a jeho pojetí mechanismu sociální reprodukce skrze školské instituce. Druhá část příspěvku přibližuje klíčové rysy soukromé vysoké školy, kde se výzkum realizoval. Třetí část je věnována analýze manifestních cílů MBA programu, jímž je posílit kulturní a ekonomický kapitál studujících – rozvíjet jejich znalosti, kariérní perspektivy i úspěchy v podnikání. Vedle toho se zabývá MBA studiem coby zdrojem symbolického i sociálního kapitálu. Jak text ukazuje, MBA program je vedle prostředku získávání znalostí a dovedností současně prostorem konverze ekonomického kapitálu do kapitálu symbolického a sociálního. Ty následně zvyšují objem ekonomického kapitálu studujících, čímž dále upevňují jejich sociální pozici.
Smart‐Water City Project Aims for Big Results
Authors: Aussieker Amy , Ball Joe
Published: March 2015

By engaging diverse groups through advanced technologies, a Charlotte, N.C., project seeks to realize lasting environmental and economic benefits. The Envision Charlotte smart‐cities demonstration project assembled a consortium of public and private interests with a shared vision to reduce water and energy usage.
Geração de biogás através de digestão anaeróbia utilizando substrato suíno e bovino
Authors: Konrad Odorico , Schmeier Nara Paula , Anater Andrieta Terezinha , Casaril Camila , Lumi Marluce
Published: March 2015

O desenvolvimento e a implantação de alternativas tecnológicas visando à geração de energia a custo reduzidopara o segmento rural podem gerar impactos positivos. Uma das alternativas tecnológicas mais promissorasdiz respeito ao aproveitamento da biomassa para geração de energia, que pode ser realizado pormeio da biodigestão anaeróbia, produzindo biogás e biofertilizante e possibilitando menores índices decontaminação decorrente da disposição inadequada dos dejetos. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar, emescala laboratorial, a geração de biogás e metano utilizando substrato suíno de diferentes fases de produção(Unidade Produtora de Leitões - UPL, Creche - UC e Terminação - UT), ou substrato bovino misturado a substratosuíno de diferentes fases de produção (UPL, UC e UT). Concluiu-se que o teste em que ocorreu adiçãode substrato bovino elevou consideravelmente a geração de biogás e metano, principalmente da UnidadeProdutora de Leitões.
Detecting the progression of ocean acidification from the saturation state of CaCO3 in the subtropical South Pacific
Authors: Murata Akihiko , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Kumamoto Yuichiro , Sasaki Ken‐ichi
Published: March 2015

Progression of ocean acidification in the subtropical South Pacific was investigated by using high‐quality data from trans‐Pacific zonal section at 17°S (World Ocean Circulation Experiment section P21) collected in 1994 and 2009. During this 15 year period, the CaCO3 saturation state of seawater with respect to calcite (Ωcal) and aragonite (Ωarg) in the upper water column (<400 dbar) decreased at rates of 0.037 a−1 and 0.025 a−1, respectively, east of 145°W longitude; these rates are among the fastest in the world's oceans. In contrast, at longitudes 170°E–145°W, Ωcal and Ωarg decreased relatively slowly, at 0.008 a−1 and 0.005 a−1, respectively. The Ωarg saturation horizon occurred at a depth of about 1200 dbar at the westernmost end of the section and shoaled eastward to about 20 dbar. From 1994 to 2009, it migrated upward at a rate of 5.2 dbar a−1 west of 145°W. Decomposition of the temporal changes of Ω (ΔΩ) showed that the accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean accounted for more than half of ΔΩ. The more rapid rate of decline of Ω in the eastern section was attributable to a relatively large contribution of organic matter remineralization, whereas the slower rate in the central section was attributed to a decrease of anthropogenic CO2 uptake caused by rising water temperatures. An important finding of this study was that acidification of the upper water column was enhanced by processes related to the oxygen minimum zone in the eastern subtropical South Pacific Ocean.
Intermediate‐term forecasting of aftershocks from an early aftershock sequence: Bayesian and ensemble forecasting approaches
Authors: Omi Takahiro , Ogata Yosihiko , Hirata Yoshito , Aihara Kazuyuki
Published: March 2015

Because aftershock occurrences can cause significant seismic risks for a considerable time after the main shock, prospective forecasting of the intermediate‐term aftershock activity as soon as possible is important. The epidemic‐type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model with the maximum likelihood estimate effectively reproduces general aftershock activity including secondary or higher‐order aftershocks and can be employed for the forecasting. However, because we cannot always expect the accurate parameter estimation from incomplete early aftershock data where many events are missing, such forecasting using only a single estimated parameter set (plug‐in forecasting) can frequently perform poorly. Therefore, we here propose Bayesian forecasting that combines the forecasts by the ETAS model with various probable parameter sets given the data. By conducting forecasting tests of 1 month period aftershocks based on the first 1 day data after the main shock as an example of the early intermediate‐term forecasting, we show that the Bayesian forecasting performs better than the plug‐in forecasting on average in terms of the log‐likelihood score. Furthermore, to improve forecasting of large aftershocks, we apply a nonparametric (NP) model using magnitude data during the learning period and compare its forecasting performance with that of the Gutenberg‐Richter (G‐R) formula. We show that the NP forecast performs better than the G‐R formula in some cases but worse in other cases. Therefore, robust forecasting can be obtained by employing an ensemble forecast that combines the two complementary forecasts. Our proposed method is useful for a stable unbiased intermediate‐term assessment of aftershock probabilities.
Structural controls on the emission of magmatic carbon dioxide gas, Long Valley Caldera, USA
Authors: Lucic Gregor , Stix John , Wing Boswell
Published: March 2015

We present a degassing study of Long Valley Caldera that explores the structural controls upon emissions of magmatic carbon dioxide gas. A total of 223 soil gas samples were collected and analyzed for stable carbon isotopes using a field‐portable cavity ring‐down spectrometer. This novel technique is flexible, accurate, and provides sampling feedback on a daily basis. Sampling sites included major and minor volcanic centers, regional throughgoing faults, caldera‐related structures, zones of elevated seismicity, and zones of past and present hydrothermal activity. The classification of soil gases based on their δ13C and CO2 values reveals a mixing relationship among three end‐members: atmospheric, biogenic, and magmatic. Signatures dominated by biogenic contributions (~4 vol %, −24‰) are found on the caldera floor, the interior of the resurgent dome, and areas associated with the Hilton Creek and Hartley Springs fault systems. With the introduction of the magmatic component (~100 vol %, −4.5‰), samples acquire mixing and hydrothermal signatures and are spatially associated with the central caldera and Mammoth Mountain. In particular, they are concentrated along the southern margin of the resurgent dome where the interplay between resurgence‐related reverse faulting and a bend in the regional fault system has created a highly permeable fracture network, suitable for the formation of shallow hydrothermal systems. This contrasts with the south moat, where despite elevated seismicity, a thick sedimentary cover has formed an impermeable cap, inhibiting the ascent of fluids and gases to the surface.
Low‐Temperature, Nontoxic Water‐Induced Metal‐Oxide Thin Films and Their Application in Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Liu Guoxia , Liu Ao , Zhu Huihui , Shin Byoungchul , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Wang Yiqian , Shan Fukai
Published: March 2015

Here, a simple, nontoxic, and inexpensive “water‐inducement” technique for the fabrication of oxide thin films at low annealing temperatures is reported. For water‐induced (WI) precursor solution, the solvent is composed of water without additional organic additives and catalysts. The thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the annealing temperature can be lowered by prolonging the annealing time. A systematic study is carried out to reveal the annealing condition dependence on the performance of the thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The WI indium‐zinc oxide (IZO) TFT integrated on SiO2 dielectric, annealed at 300 °C for 2 h, exhibits a saturation mobility of 3.35 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on‐to‐off current ratio of ≈108. Interestingly, through prolonging the annealing time to 4 h, the electrical parameters of IZO TFTs annealed at 230 °C are comparable with the TFTs annealed at 300 °C. Finally, fully WI IZO TFT based on YOx dielectric is integrated and investigated. This TFT device can be regarded as “green electronics” in a true sense, because no organic‐related additives are used during the whole device fabrication process. The as‐fabricated IZO/YOx TFT exhibits excellent electron transport characteristics with low operating voltage (≈1.5 V), small subthreshold swing voltage of 65 mV dec−1 and the mobility in excess of 25 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Blended Nanoparticle System Based on Miscible Structurally Similar Polymers: A Safe, Simple, Targeted, and Surprisingly High Efficiency Vehicle for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Tao Wei , Zhang Jinxie , Zeng Xiaowei , Liu Danny , Liu Gan , Zhu Xi , Liu Yanlan , Yu Qingtong , Huang Laiqiang , Mei Lin
Published: March 2015

A novel blended nanoparticle (NP) system for the delivery of anticancer drugs and its surprisingly high efficacy for cancer chemotherapy by blending a targeting polymer folic acid‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (FA‐PEG‐b‐PLGA) and a miscible structurally similar polymer D‐α‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate‐poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (TPGS‐PLGA) is reported. This blended NP system can be achieved through a simple and effective nanoprecipitation technique, and possesses unique properties: i) improved long‐term compatibility brought by PEG‐based polymers; ii) reduced multidrug resistance mediated by P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) in tumor cells and increased bioavailability of anticancer drugs by incorporation of TPGS; iii) the regulation of controlled release through polymer ratios and active targeting by FA. Both in vitro cell experiments and in vivo antitumor assays demonstrated the reported blended NP system can achieve the best therapeutic efficiency in an extremely safe, simple and highly efficient process for cancer therapy. Moreover, this NP system is highly efficient in forming NPs with multiple functions, without repeated chemical modification of polymers, which is sometimes complex, inefficient and high cost. Therefore, the development of this novel blended NP concept is extremely meaningful for the application of pharmaceutical nanotechnology in recent studies.
Structure, Synthesis, and Applications of TiO2 Nanobelts
Authors: Zhao Zhenhuan , Tian Jian , Sang Yuanhua , Cabot Andreu , Liu Hong
Published: March 2015

TiO2 semiconductor nanobelts have unique structural and functional properties, which lead to great potential in many fields, including photovoltaics, photocatalysis, energy storage, gas sensors, biosensors, and even biomaterials. A review of synthetic methods, properties, surface modification, and applications of TiO2 nanobelts is presented here. The structural features and basic properties of TiO2 nanobelts are systematically discussed, with the many applications of TiO2 nanobelts in the fields of photocatalysis, solar cells, gas sensors, biosensors, and lithium‐ion batteries then introduced. Research efforts that aim to overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of TiO2 nanobelts are also highlighted. These efforts are focused on the rational design and modification of TiO2 nanobelts by doping with heteroatoms and/or forming surface heterostructures, to improve their desirable properties. Subsequently, the various types of surface heterostructures obtained by coupling TiO2 nanobelts with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, chalcogenides, and conducting polymers are described. Further, the charge separation and electron transfer at the interfaces of these heterostructures are also discussed. These properties are related to improved sensitivity and selectivity for specific gases and biomolecules, as well as enhanced UV and visible light photocatalytic properties. The progress in developments of near‐infrared‐active photocatalysts based on TiO2 nanobelts is also highlighted. Finally, an outline of important directions of future research into the synthesis, modification, and applications of this unique material is given.
Evaluation of bone marrow reticulin in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia treated with eltrombopag: Data from the EXTEND study
Authors: Brynes Russell K. , Orazi Attilio , Theodore Dickens , Burgess Paul , Bailey Christine K. , Thein Maung M. , Bakshi Kalpana K.
Published: March 2015

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists, which raise platelet counts in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia, may be associated with increases in bone marrow (BM) reticulin. Patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia participating in the Eltrombopag Extended Dosing (EXTEND) study underwent BM biopsies to identify clinically relevant BM fibrosis‐related increases. Specimens were centrally reviewed by 2 hematopathologists. Two hundred thirty‐two biopsy specimens were collected from 117 patients treated for ≤5.5 years. Moderate to marked reticulin fibrosis was found in 2 patients. After withdrawing from the study, the biopsy of 1 patient reverted to normal. There were no other pathologic changes identified among on‐treatment specimens, and no pattern of abnormal reticulin deposition associated with eltrombopag treatment was evident. Am. J. Hematol. 90:598–601, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV) enzyme replacement therapy in patients with Gaucher disease: Long‐term data from phase III clinical trials
Authors: Hughes Derralynn A. , Gonzalez Derlis E. , Lukina Elena A. , Mehta Atul , Kabra Madhulika , Elstein Deborah , Kisinovsky Isaac , Giraldo Pilar , Bavdekar Ashish , Hangartner Thomas N. , Wang Nan , Crombez Eric , Zimran Ari
Published: March 2015

Type 1 Gaucher disease is an inherited lysosomal enzyme deficiency with variable age of symptom onset. Common presenting signs include thrombocytopenia, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, bone abnormalities, and, additionally in children, growth failure. Fifty‐seven patients aged 3–62 years at the baseline of two phase III trials for velaglucerase alfa treatment were enrolled in the single extension study. In the extension, they received every‐other‐week velaglucerase alfa intravenous infusions for 1.2–4.8 years at 60 U/kg, although 10 patients experienced dose reduction. No patient experienced a drug‐related serious adverse event or withdrew due to an adverse event. One patient died following a convulsion that was reported as unrelated to the study drug. Only one patient tested positive for anti‐velaglucerase alfa antibodies. Combining the experience of the initial phase III trials and the extension study, significant improvements were observed in the first 24 months from baseline in hematology variables, organ volumes, plasma biomarkers, and, in adults, the lumbar spine bone mineral density Z‐score. Improvements were maintained over longer‐term treatment. Velaglucerase alfa had a good long‐term safety and tolerability profile, and patients continued to respond clinically, which is consistent with the results of the extension study to the phase I/II trial of velaglucerase alfa. EudraCT number 2008‐001965‐27; www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00635427. Am. J. Hematol. 90:584–591, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Degradable polyurethane foams based on disaccharides
Authors: Savelyev Yuri , Markovskaya Lyudmila , Savelyeva Olga , Akhranovich Elena , Parkhomenko Natalia , Travinskaya Tamara
Published: March 2015

New functional elastic polyurethane foams (PUF) degradable under environmental abiotic and biotic factors, retaining all the inherent properties of the conventional foams were synthesized using isocyanate precursors based on disaccharides (DS): lactose, maltose and saccharose. It was shown by the model reactions of monosaccharide glucose, and DS lactose and saccharose, with phenylisocyanate that both the primary and secondary hydroxyls of the carbohydrates reacted to form urethanes. The main properties of DS‐based foams (PUF/DS) were found to be similar to PUF foam (matrix) prepared with conventional polyols. However, the new PUF/DS were found to undergo enhanced acid/alkaline hydrolysis and degradation compared with PUF matrix when incubated in soil. Mass losses of incubated PUF/DSs significantly exceeded the actual carbohydrate content 28.6%, and in 12 months reached 39.58 (PUF‐4), 53.31(PUF‐8), and 47.25 (PUF‐12). In contrast, under the same conditions PUF matrix lost only 2–2.5%, confirming that incorporation of natural compounds into the polymer chain impacted the degradation processes. PUF/DS were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, ebullioscopy, and exclusion chromatography (molecular masses and molecular mass distribution of the oligomeric model), physical and mechanical tests (density, tensile strength, relative elongation, moisture absorption, vapor permeability), morphology, and degradation in the soil. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42131.
N‐(2‐(Piperazin‐1‐yl)phenyl)arylamide Derivatives as β‐Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitors: Simple Synthesis by Ugi Four‐Component Reaction and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Edraki Najmeh , Firuzi Omidreza , Fatahi Yousef , Mahdavi Mohammad , Asadi Mehdi , Emami Saeed , Divsalar Kouros , Miri Ramin , Iraji Aida , Khoshneviszadeh Mehdi , Firoozpour Loghman , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: March 2015

A novel series of N‐(2‐(piperazin‐1‐yl)phenyl)aryl carboxamide derivatives were simply synthesized by Ugi‐multicomponent reaction as β‐secretase (BACE1) inhibitors. The BACE1 inhibitory activity of the synthesized compounds was examined using a Forester resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based assay. Among the tested compounds, the N‐(5‐bromo‐2‐(4‐phenylpiperazine‐1‐yl)phenyl)thiophene‐carboxamide derivative 14 containing the N‐cyclohexyl indole acetamide moiety showed superior BACE1 inhibition at 10 and 40 µM. The results of the molecular docking study indicated that compound 14 establishes favorable hydrogen bonding interactions with the catalytic amino acid residues Asp228 and Thr72 and could be well accommodated in the flap region and P2 and P′2 pockets of the BACE1 active site.
The impact of extratropics‐arctic‐seesaw of perturbation potential energy on surface air temperature in boreal winters
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Zhanggui , Li Jianping , Zheng Fei
Published: March 2015

Seesaw pattern of the perturbation potential energy in the extratropics and the Arctic (defined as PEAS) is observed. The PEAS is closely related to the Arctic Oscillation, kinetic energy and zonal wind in the middle‐ and high‐latitude. The PEAS may influence atmospheric circulation via northern migration of anomalous Ferrel cell, accompanying by suppressed subtropical jet stream and enhanced polar jet stream. Anomalous warm conditions associated with the PEAS are observed in high‐latitude of Eurasia, whereas cold anomalies are presented in Greenland, northeast Africa and southwest China, which is mainly attributed to the horizontal temperature advection.
Evaluation of the association of zoonotic Ljungan virus with perinatal deaths and fetal malformation
Authors: Zheng Lili , Wang Fang , Huang Jing , Xin Hong
Published: March 2015

More and more epidemiologic and experimental data support the notion that Ljungan virus (LV), originally isolated from some rodent populations in Sweden, Denmark, and the United States, plays an important role in stillbirth and fetal malformation. Mouse dams infected with LV may result in uterine resorption and perinatal deaths that may cross generations, and their offspring may suffer high rates of malformations including cranial, brain, and limb malformations. In humans, researches founded that LV infection is related to malformation, intrauterine fetal death, and even central nervous system malformation. Although molecularly characterized, little is known about the biophysical nature of LV. Consequently, the role of LV infections in sudden infant death syndrome is still confusing, and the mechanism of how LV infections cause diseases is not clear. More research is clearly necessary to explore the mechanisms of LV infection in human and animal diseases to bring improvement to the clinical outcomes. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 105:81–85, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel colorimetric fluoride sensor based on a semi‐rigid chromophore controlled by hydrogen bonding
Authors: Li Jiling , Xu Xiaoyong , Shao Xusheng , Li Zhong
Published: March 2015

A novel semi‐rigid latent chromophore E1, containing an amide subunit activated by an adjacent semi‐rigid intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding (IHB) unit, was designed for the detection of fluoride ion by the ‘naked‐eye’ in CH3CN. Comparative studies on structural analogs (E2, E3, and E4) provided significant insight into the structural and functional role of the amide N–H and IHB segment in the selective recognition of fluoride ions. The deprotonation of the amide N–H followed by the enhancement of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) induced the colorimetric detection of E1 for fluoride ion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Educational awareness of biotechnology issues among undergraduate students at the united arab emirates university
Authors: AbuQamar Synan , Alshannag Qasim , Sartawi Abdelaziz , Iratni Rabah
Published: March 2015

Due to its valuable benefits and potential risks, there is a progressing debate among opponents and proponents of biotechnology in recent decades. Previous studies have shown that lack of knowledge about biotechnology remains the concern about genetically modified organisms/food (GMO/GMF). This study assessed levels of educational awareness perceptions and attitudes of United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) students towards biotechnology. An electronic survey including literacy, environmental, social, and economic domains associated with biotechnology was administered to obtain data from undergraduate students in different colleges of the university. Responses from students (n = 1,104) were gathered and statistically analyzed. Results indicated that educational awareness in biotechnology literacy and environmental domains were significantly different according to the enrolled college and the academic achievement of the student. In general, a poor overall performance of our students' understanding was concluded. Aware groups most likely accepted accurate biotechnology information delivered by reliable sources from internet or lectures; they grasped their knowledge from surrounding people as a secondary source. Since UAEU students have several concept misunderstandings of biotechnology and its ethics, our results suggest that awareness plays a crucial role in forming a “clear‐cut” opinion about this technology. Because education can shape public attitudes toward biotechnology, priorities on university curricula and teaching strategies should be extensively given, and therefore, improve in respect to this topic. Ultimately, this promotes the students' perception in understanding the new technology. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(4):283–293, 2015.
The role of ghrelin on apoptosis, cell proliferation and oxidant‐antioxidant system in the liver of neonatal diabetic rats
Authors: Koyuturk Meral , Sacan Ozlem , Karabulut Sezin , Turk Neslihan , Bolkent Sehnaz , Yanardag Refiye , Bolkent Sema
Published: March 2015

Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone which stimulates appetite and regulates glucose metabolism and adipogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ghrelin has protective effects in the liver of streptozocin (STZ) diabetic rats or not. Wistar‐type neonatal rats were divided into four groups: I. Controls, II. Ghrelin administrated controls, III. STZ‐diabetic rats, and IV. Ghrelin administrated diabetic rats. On the second day after birth, 100 mg/kg STZ was administered intraperitoneally in a single dose to induce diabetes in rats. 100 µg/kg/day ghrelin was administrated to rats subcutaneously for 4 weeks. Ghrelin administration improved histopathologic changes in STZ‐diabetic liver. Obestatin immunoreactivity has been shown in livers of neonatal rats. The immunoreactivity of obestatin increased in diabetic rats and a decline was observed in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats. Caspase 8 and 3 immunoreactivities increased in diabetic rats; however, ghrelin administration differently affected caspases 8 and 3 immunoreactivities. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivities decreased in diabetic rats and in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats. Serum alanine (P < 0.05) and aspartate transaminase (P < 0.0001) and serum alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.0001) activities were decreased in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats compared to the diabetic rats. Gamma glutamyl transferase activity (P < 0.001) decreased in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats compared to the diabetic rats. The response of antioxidants including glutathione levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were altered in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats. Our findings indicate that ghrelin administration affects hepatic functions in neonatal diabetic rats and might be considered as a therapeutic agent.
Answer the call: Let's make 2015 the year of magical thinking in CTOPCI
Authors: Heuser Richard R.
Published: March 2015

Key Points

Prevalence of chronic total occlusions (CTO's) is as high as 50% in angiographic series

Patients are helped with successful recanalization of CTO's

In spite of current improved success rates in CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), only 10–12% of CTO's are currently attempted
Strategy for a Scale‐up Correlation in a Dissolved Air Flotation Chamber
Authors: de Souza Vasconcelos Robson , da S. Henauth Rosangela Cristine , de Moura Alex Elton , dos Santos Valdemir Alexandre , Asfora Sarubbo Leonie
Published: March 2015

Beginning with a laboratory‐scale physical model, a scale‐up correlation for a pilot unit project was determined based on the analysis of dynamic similarity correlations involving the predominant phenomena of a dissolved air flotation (DAF) chamber. The implantation costs of pilot units require special strategies due to the lack of correlations of this type, as novel flotation methods have been considered strictly from an economic standpoint. With the aid of computational fluid dynamics and videos of microbubble and floc flow, inertia and gravity were identified as the predominant phenomena in a DAF chamber. The strategy described herein is simple and reduces the likelihood of future risks in scale‐up investments.
ChemInform Abstract: Transport Properties of the SnBi2Te4—PbBi2Te4 Solid Solution.
Authors: Pan Lin , Li Jing , Berardan David , Dragoe Nita
Published: March 2015

The Sn1‐xPbxBi2Te4 solid solution is characterized by XRD, Hall, Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: MnTaO2N: Polar LiNbO3‐Type Oxynitride with a Helical Spin Order.
Authors: Kageyama Hiroshi , et al. et al.
Published: March 2015

The polar and magnetic MnTaO2N is prepared by high‐pressure synthesis using stoichiometric amounts of TaON and MnO (Pt cell in cubic anvil press, 6 GPa, 1400 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Ho—Ni—Ge System: Isothermal Section and New Rare‐Earth Nickel Germanides.
Authors: Morozkin A. V. , Knotko A. V. , Yapaskurt V. O. , Yuan Fang , Mozharivskyj Y. , Pani M. , Provino A. , Manfrinetti P.
Published: March 2015

The title system is characterized at 1070 K and up to about 60 at.% Ho by XRD, microprobe analyses and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphate Enriched Polyoxometalate Based Ionic Salts for Proton Conduction.
Authors: Dey Chandan , Kundu Tanay , Aiyappa Harshitha Barike , Banerjee Rahul
Published: March 2015

A series of [NiMo12O30(PO4)8]n‐ (Ni‐POM) anion and organic cation based ionic composites are prepared under hydrothermal conditions using an EtOH solution of (MoO3)12·H3PO4, conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Li2NaBP2O8 and LiNa2B5P2O14.
Authors: Hasegawa Toru , Yamane Hisanori
Published: March 2015

Single crystals of Li2NaBP2O8 (I) and LiNa2B5P2O14 (II) are prepared by calcination in air of a 1:2:1:2 molar mixture of Li2CO3, Na2CO3, H3BO3, and NH4H2PO4 (Pt plate heater, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis(indole) Alkaloids from Arundo donax: The Ynindole Diels—Alder Reaction, Conformational Chirality, and Absolute Stereochemistry.
Authors: Chen Jingjin , Ferreira Andrew J. , Beaudry Christopher M.
Published: March 2015

The synthesis of Arundo donax alkaloids such as (III) is developed based on the first Diels—Alder reaction of the ynindole functional group.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Approach to Arylated Furans, Pyrroles, and Thiophenes.
Authors: Zheng Qingwei , Hua Ruimao , Jiang Jianhua , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2015

Title compounds are prepared from 1,4‐diaryl‐1,3‐butadiynes (I) by reaction with H2O, primary amines (III) or Na2S, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free, Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis: Transformation of Arylmethyl Bromides to Alcohols and Aldehydes
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Hongni , Liu Li , Sun Jiangtao
Published: March 2015

using Eosin Y as an efficient promoter
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of α′‐Hydroxydienones.
Authors: Tata Rama Rao , Hampton Carissa S. , Altenhofer Erich F. , Topinka Michael , Ying Weijiang , Gao Xuefeng , Harmata Michael
Published: March 2015

Oxidation of readily prepared allenols with PCC affords α′‐hydroxydienones rather than simple oxidation products.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Oxidation of Sulfides with H2O2 Catalyzed by a Pre‐Formed Manganese Complex.
Authors: Dai Wen , Li Guosong , Wang Lianyue , Chen Bo , Shang Sensen , Lv Ying , Gao Shuang
Published: March 2015

This highly enantioselective asymmetric oxidation can also be applied to the synthesis of esomeprazole, which is a chiral proton pump inhibitor.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methylamines under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Blondiaux Enguerrand , Pouessel Jacky , Cantat Thibault
Published: March 2015

Using Verkade′s superbase (VBM) as catalyst, a number of secondary and primary amines can be methylated and dimethylated with CO2/9‐BBN dimer even in the presence of some reducible groups or groups prone to methylation.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC Catalyzed Trimethylsilylation of Terminal Alkynes and Indoles with Ruppert′s Reagent under Solvent Free Conditions.
Authors: Arde Panjab , Reddy Virsinha , Vijaya Anand Ramasamy
Published: March 2015

High yields of the products (III), (V), (VII), low catalyst loading, less reaction time, and simple workup are the prominent features of the introduced methodology.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H Arylation of Heterocycle Embedded Thiophene/Furan with Aryl Boronic Acid/Ester.
Authors: Srinivasan R. , Senthil Kumaran R. , Nagarajan N. S.
Published: March 2015

The reaction proceeds with high C‐5 regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Linear‐Selective Hydroarylation of Unactivated Terminal and Internal Olefins with Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Arenes.
Authors: Bair Joseph S. , Schramm York , Sergeev Alexey G. , Clot Eric , Eisenstein Odile , Hartwig John F.
Published: March 2015

The products are contaminated with 1‐3% of the corresponding branched adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Trifluoromethylthiolation of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes.
Authors: Zhang Ke , Liu Jian‐Bo , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: March 2015

Application of allylic aromatic substrates to this mild reaction protocol yields the products in low yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One Pot and Selective Intermolecular Aryl‐ and Heteroaryl‐trifluoromethylation of Alkenes by Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Carboni Aude , Dagousset Guillaume , Magnier Emmanuel , Masson Geraldine
Published: March 2015

The transformation of internal as well as terminal alkenes proceeds with high regioselectivity and low to moderate E/Z‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Aryl Cyclopentene Scaffolds by Heck‐Matsuda Desymmetrization of 3‐Cyclopentenol.
Authors: Angnes Ricardo A. , Oliveira Juliana M. , Oliveira Caio C. , Martins Nelson C. , Correia Carlos Roque D.
Published: March 2015

The hydroxy group of 3‐cyclopentenol (I) acts as a directing group in the coupling reactions with arenediazonium salts (II) and is responsible for the cis‐configuration of the 4‐arylcyclopentenols (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Fulvenes: [3 + 2] Annulation of Ethyl α‐Chlorocyclopropaneformates with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Zhu Yuequan , Zhang Min , Yuan Hongling , Gong Yuefa
Published: March 2015

This method is suitable for the synthesis of a variety of fulvene derivatives, though not all 1,3‐dicarbonyl substrates yield the desired product, e.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryl C—H Olefination with Unactivated, Aliphatic Alkenes.
Authors: Deb Arghya , Bag Sukdev , Kancherla Rajesh , Maiti Debabrata
Published: March 2015

This Pd‐catalyzed, chelation‐assisted C‐H olefination between unactivated, aliphatic olefins and phenylacetic acid substrates reveals a broad substrate scope, which is enabled by a bidendate directing group together with the use of the racemic binaphthyl ligand to enhance the catalytic activity of the Pd(II) species.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes for Enantioselective Catalysis.
Authors: Henderson Alexander S. , Bower John F. , Galan M. Carmen
Published: March 2015

A series of carbohydrate‐based imidazolium and imidazolinium ligands is prepared and incorporated into Rh(I) complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallacrown Ether Catalysts Containing Phosphine‐Phosphite Polyether Ligands for Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation — Enhancements in Activity and Enantioselectivity.
Authors: Song Feng‐Tao , Ouyang Guang‐Hui , Li Yong , He Yan‐Mei , Fan Qing‐Hua
Published: March 2015

Novel polyEther podand ligands containing R‐BINOL and triphenylphosphine derived terminal oxygen substituents are developed and successfully applied as ligands for the asymmetric Rh‐catalyzed hydrogenation of α‐arylenamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reactions Involving Aryl Vinyl Ketones.
Authors: Kong Liman , Han Xiaoyu , Jiao Peng
Published: March 2015

The reaction proceeds with excellent endo‐selectivity and most often excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Oxidation of α‐(Alkylideneamino)nitriles to Imides by Molecular Oxygen under Mild Basic Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Yu , Pan Ling , Zou Yunjia , Xu Xianxiu , Liu Qun
Published: March 2015

The unique reactivity of α‐(alkylideneamino)nitriles toward molecular oxygen is firstly revealed.
ChemInform Abstract: I2‐Catalyzed Oxidative C(sp3)—H/S—H Coupling: Utilizing Alkanes and Mercaptans as the Nucleophiles.
Authors: Yuan Jiwen , Ma Xu , Yi Hong , Liu Chao , Lei Aiwen
Published: March 2015

An oxidative C(sp3)—H/S—H coupling of alkanes with mercaptans employing cheap and nontoxic I2 and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylpyridine to afford aryl alkyl sulfides in moderate to good yields is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel α‐Tosyloxylation of Ketones Catalyzed by the in situ Generated Hypoiodous Acid from Alkyl Iodide.
Authors: Zhang Bijun , Han Liuquan , Hu Jiantao , Yan Jie
Published: March 2015

Not only α‐tosyloxyketones, but also other α‐sulfonyloxyketones can be synthesized following this catalytic reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Unactivated Aryl Sulfides with Arylzinc Reagents under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Otsuka Shinya , Fujino Daishi , Murakami Kei , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: March 2015

The title coupling reaction tolerates various functional groups in both reactants.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of New P‐Chiral P,π‐Dihydrobenzooxaphosphole Hybrid Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis.
Authors: Sieber Joshua D. , et al. et al.
Published: March 2015

The title ligands (I) are successfully applied to the catalytic asymmetric addition of boronic acids to tosylimines to afford the corresponding amines with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu—Ni Bimetallic Reusable Catalyst for Synthesis of Propargylamines via Multicomponent Coupling Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Katkar Suyog V. , Jayaram R. V.
Published: March 2015

The catalyst used in this operationally simple procedure is magnetically recovered and reused in four additional cycles with consistent activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Base Mediated Synthesis of α‐Aminated Aroyl/Acetylnaphthalenes Through [4 + 2] Annulations.
Authors: Singh Surjeet , Althagafi Ismail , Yadav Pratik , Panwar Rahul , Kumar Abhinav , Pratap Ramendra
Published: March 2015

The reactions can be performed on a gram‐scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Conversion of Epoxides into Aziridines with N‐Arylphosphoramidates.
Authors: Minicone Fabrizio , Rogers Wendy J. , Green James F. J. , Khan Mommna , Smith Geoffrey M. T. , Bray Christopher D.
Published: March 2015

The method represents a concise atom economic improvement of existing procedures for such transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Reactions Initiated by Radical Addition of Tetrahydrofuran to β‐Bromonitrostyrenes.
Authors: Ge Xin , Hoang Kim Le Mai , Leow Min Li , Liu Xue‐Wei
Published: March 2015

An Ag‐catalyzed addition of THF radicals to title compounds (I) in the presence of air is described.
ChemInform Abstract: From (Phenylsulfanyl)cycloalkanecarbaldehydes to Optically Active Spirocyclic Tetrahydrofurans: Stereospecific Resolution of Symmetric Aldehydes Through (S)‐Proline‐Catalyzed Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Secci Francesco , Frongia Angelo , Rubanu Maria Grazia , Sechi Maria Laura , Sarais Giorgia , Arca Massimiliano , Piras Pier Paolo
Published: March 2015

L‐proline‐catalyzed aldol reaction can be used for the resolution of diastereomers (I) and (VII) yielding the aldol products with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Formation of 2‐Oxaspiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane‐6,3′‐indoline] Derivatives from Reaction of 3‐Phenacyalideneoxindole with Malononitrile or Ethyl Cyanoacetate.
Authors: Xie Ya‐Jing , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo
Published: March 2015

In contrast to the title reaction, reaction of phenacylideneoxindoles (X) with cyanoacetamide (XI) gives 4‐(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐yl)‐2‐oxopyrrolidines (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Novel Indole‐Based Chalcones (E)‐1‐(2‐Chloro‐1‐methyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐3‐arylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones.
Authors: Gao Wentao , Lan Shuai , Li Yang , Zhang Hong , Chang Mingqin
Published: March 2015

Novel indole‐based chalcones (III) (23 examples) are synthesized by the Claisen—Schmidt condensation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Directed Arene/Alkyne Annulation Reactions via Aerobic Copper Catalysis.
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Qian , Yu Huidong , Huang Yong
Published: March 2015

The reaction can be scaled‐up to gram scale, e.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiourea‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Indoles to Pyrones: Alkaloid Cores with Quaternary Carbons.
Authors: Yeung Charles S. , Ziegler Robert E. , Porco John A. Jr. , Jacobsen Eric N.
Published: March 2015

The products are isolated in form of their O‐mesylates or O‐tosylates.
ChemInform Abstract: Stabilization of Radicals by Imides. A Modular Stereoselective Approach to Protected Functional 1,2‐Diamines.
Authors: Han Songzhe , Zard Samir Z.
Published: March 2015

The described protocol gives diastereoselective access to a broad scope of functionalized diamines (imidazol‐2‐one derivatives).
ChemInform Abstract: Triorganoindium Reagents in Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling with Iodoimidazoles: Synthesis of Neurodazine.
Authors: Perez‐Caaveiro Cristina , Perez Sestelo Jose , Martinez M. Montserrat , Sarandeses Luis A.
Published: March 2015

The cross‐coupling sequence is used for preparation of neurodazine (VI) and analogs.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Chiral Non‐racemic Nitrones to 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes: An Experimental and Computational Investigation.
Authors: Majer Roberta , Konechnaya Olga , Delso Ignacio , Tejero Tomas , Attanasi Orazio A. , Santeusanio Stefania , Merino Pedro
Published: March 2015

Cyclic nitrones (I), (IV), and (VI) give the products as single diastereomers under thermal conditions while nitrones (VIII) and (X) derived from D‐glyceraldehyde and D‐galactose give mixtures of diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)chloride: An Efficient Catalyst for Multicomponent Click Reaction for the Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles in Water at Room Temperature.
Authors: Purohit Vishal B. , Karad Sharad C. , Patel Kirit H. , Raval Dipak K.
Published: March 2015

The catalyst is recyclable and reusable at least 3 times.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Regioselective Synthesis of 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted 1,2,4‐Triazoles on the Basis of a Lithiation‐Trapping Sequence.
Authors: Mansueto Rosmara , Perna Filippo Maria , Salomone Antonio , Perrone Serena , Florio Saverio , Capriati Vito
Published: March 2015

An efficient regioselective mono‐functionalization of 3,5‐dimethyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles (I) is achieved by lithiation under optimized conditions and quenching with a variety of electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Reactions Involving the Branched C—N and C—C Cleavage of Enaminones Toward Pyridines Synthesis.
Authors: Wan Jie‐Ping , Zhou Youyi , Cao Shuo
Published: March 2015

The copper‐catalyzed cascade reaction of enaminones and ammonium chloride leads to the unprecedented synthesis of 4‐unsubstituted pyridines of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Chemical Approach: Microwave Assisted, Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Catalyzed, Convenient and Efficient C—C Bond Formation in the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Quinolines and Quinolinones.
Authors: Nawaz Khan Fazlur‐Rahman , et al. et al.
Published: March 2015

3‐Acetylquinolines and ‐quinolinones are condensed with (het)arylaldehydes to the corresponding quinoline‐(het)aryl and quinolinone‐(het)aryl enones (III), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted Dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐one under Metal‐Free Conditions in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Sun Bin , Yang Jun , Wang Jitao , Mao Pu , Yang Liangru , Mai Wenpeng
Published: March 2015

A facile synthesis of 3,4‐dihydroquinolone and related naphthyridone derivatives via a metal‐free radical tandem cyclization is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Imines in Water/Methanol Co‐Solvent System and Mechanistic Investigation by DFT Study.
Authors: Shende Vaishali S. , Shingote Savita K. , Deshpande Sudhindra H. , Kuriakose Nishamol , Vanka Kumar , Kelkar Ashutosh A.
Published: March 2015

1‐Substituted 6,7‐dimethoxy‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinolines (I) and (III) are used as substrates in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical and Electrocatalytic Cascade Cyclization of Salicylaldehyde with Three Molecules of Malononitrile: ′One‐Pot′ Simple and Efficient Way to the Chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridine Scaffold.
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Gorbunov Sergey V. , Vereshchagin Anatoly N. , Nasybullin Ruslan F. , Goloveshkin Alexander S. , Bushmarinov Ivan S. , Egorov Mikhail P.
Published: March 2015

All products are purified by washing with ice‐cold EtOH/Water (9:1).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Aerobic Oxidative C—H Amination of 2‐Aryl‐3‐(arylamino)quinazolinones: Synthesis of Fluorescent Indazolo[3,2‐b]quinazolinones.
Authors: Yang Weiguang , Chen Jiuxi , Huang Xiaobo , Ding Jinchang , Liu Miaochang , Wu Huayue
Published: March 2015

This catalytic reaction with oxygen as the terminal oxidant generates water as the only by‐product and provides a facile approach to indazoloquinazolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8‐Bromo‐7‐chloro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐c]pyrimidines, Their Ring Rearrangement to [1,5‐c] Analogues, and Further Diversification.
Authors: Tang Caifei , Wang Chao , Li Zhiming , Wang Quanrui
Published: March 2015

While 2‐unsubstituted pyrimidyl‐hydrazones (I) give directly the [1,5‐c] title compounds (II), 2‐methyl‐ or 2‐phenyl‐substituted substrates (III) or (VI) give the [4,3‐c] title compounds (IV) and (VII), which can be transformed into the [1,5‐c] analogues via Dimroth rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Reaction: Metal & Oxidant Free Direct C—H Aryloxylation and Hydride Free Formal Reductive N‐Benzylation of N‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Mahato Sujit , Haque Md Ashraful , Dwari Soumita , Jana Chandan K.
Published: March 2015

The reaction of hydroxy‐aryl aldehydes and ketones with cyclic amines yields either fused oxazines via C—H aryloxylation or arylmethylamines via formal reductive amination depending on stoichiometry and reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)—NHC‐Catalyzed Silylation of Allenes: Diastereoselective Three‐Component Coupling with Aldehydes.
Authors: Rae James , Hu Ya Chu , Procter David J.
Published: March 2015

The highly regioselective copper‐catalyzed reaction of aryl allenes with silylborane (II) affords vinyl silane building blocks.