bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergence of Multispinterface and Antiferromagnetic Molecular Exchange Bias via Molecular Stacking on a Ferromagnetic Film
Authors: Jo Junhyeon , Byun Jinho , Lee Jaebyeong , Choe Daeseong , Oh Inseon , Park Jungmin , Jin Mi‐Jin , Lee Jaekwang , Yoo Jung‐Woo
Published: January 2020

Heterointerfaces may exhibit unexpected physical properties distinct from intrinsic properties of component materials. In particular, metal–organic interfaces can drive unique interfacial spin moments, which are often called molecular spinterface. Here, van der Waals stacking of molecular layers may lead to variations in the intra/interlayer exchange coupling resulting in multiple ground states, which is highly desired for multifunctional magnetic devices. In this report, the emergence of molecular multispinterface of paramagnetic cobalt‐octaethyl‐porphyrin (CoOEP) layers in a Fe/CoOEP heterostructure is demonstrated through the interfacial layer and a successive antiferromagnetic molecular spin chain. The disentangled interfacial ferromagnetic spins lead to multiple magnetic ground states and behave as additional spin‐dependent scattering centers, as evidenced through the magnetotransport study. In addition, the antiferromagnetic molecule spin chain derives tunable exchange bias, which signifies the dominance of the antiferromagnetic interfacial interaction. Theoretical calculations demonstrate spin configurations of the molecular chain and the antiferromagnetic interfacial coupling through oxygen intermediaries. The development of the molecular multispinterface and controllable exchange bias therein will provide a promising route for the active control of multivalued data processing at the nanoscale.
Layered‐Perovskite Nanowires with Long‐Range Orientational Order for Ultrasensitive Photodetectors
Authors: Zhao Yingjie , Qiu Yuchen , Gao Hanfei , Feng Jiangang , Chen Gaosong , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen
Published: January 2020

2D layered metal‐halide perovskites combine efficient exciton radiative recombination in crystal interior with long‐distance free‐carrier conduction at layer edges, which are promising candidates for realizing high‐performance photovoltaic, light‐emission and photodetection devices. The anisotropic electrical conductivity in layered perovskites imposes an additional requirement of orientational control for enabling favorable charge transport. However, rational fabrication of single‐crystalline nanostructures with pure crystallographic orientation is still elusive. Herein, large‐scale pure (101)‐orientated 2D‐perovskite single‐crystalline nanowire arrays are realized by combining solvent engineering with the capillary‐bridge lithography technique. Ordered nucleation at liquid–air interface and unidirectional growth along the dewetting direction are demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and grazing‐incidence X‐ray scattering in discrete capillary bridges. In consideration of crystal interior exhibiting high resistance arising from the serial insulating organic barriers and ultrafast dissociation of excitons to generate long‐lived free carriers at layer edges, ultrasensitive photodetectors are demonstrated with average responsivity exceeding 1.1 × 104 A W−1 and detectivity exceeding 9.1 × 1015 Jones.
Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?
Authors: Schweicher Guillaume , Garbay Guillaume , Jouclas Rémy , Vibert François , Devaux Félix , Geerts Yves H.
Published: January 2020

The field of organic electronics has been prolific in the last couple of years, leading to the design and synthesis of several molecular semiconductors presenting a mobility in excess of 10 cm2V−1s−1. However, it is also started to recently falter, as a result of doubtful mobility extractions and reduced industrial interest. This critical review addresses the community of chemists and materials scientists to share with it a critical analysis of the best performing molecular semiconductors and of the inherent charge transport physics that takes place in them. The goal is to inspire chemists and materials scientists and to give them hope that the field of molecular semiconductors for logic operations is not engaged into a dead end. To the contrary, it offers plenty of research opportunities in materials chemistry.
Ambient Air Stability of Hybrid Perovskite Thin‐Film Transistors by Ambient Air Processing
Authors: Mativenga Mallory , Ji Jeoungmin , Hoang Nhu Thi to , Haque Farjana
Published: January 2020

Despite the widespread research on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, the ambient air instability and ion migration‐induced hysteresis in the current–voltage characteristics of their devices remain unsolved. Here, it is shown that stable ambient air operation of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) thin‐film transistors can be achieved by solution processing of the MAPbI3 film in ambient air via solvent engineering. N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), mixed with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and hydroiodic acid (HI), is found to be the most suitable solvent for one‐step deposition in ambient air. While the HI promotes homogeneous nucleation, the low boiling point of DMF and the high vapor pressure and strong Lewis base property of DMSO lead to fast crystallization and consequent large grain size. The oxygen in air passivates grain boundary defects, thereby improving lateral conduction and minimizing grain boundary defect‐mediated ion migration. This approach paves the way for the simple fabrication of hybrid perovskites by eliminating the need for well‐controlled inert environments and provides a solution for the problem of ambient air stability in perovskite devices.
GaSe/MoS2 Heterostructure with Ohmic‐Contact Electrodes for Fast, Broadband Photoresponse, and Self‐Driven Photodetectors
Authors: He Zhenbei , Guo Junxiong , Li Shangdong , Lei Zhicheng , Lin Lin , Ke Yizhen , Jie Wenjing , Gong Tianxun , Lin Yuan , Cheng Tiedong , Huang Wen , Zhang Xiaosheng
Published: January 2020

In this letter, the vertically‐stacked GaSe/MoS2 heterostructures with indium tin oxide (ITO) and Ni/Au as contact electrodes are successfully fabricated, respectively. The GaSe/MoS2 heterostructure exhibits a broadband photoresponse covering the range of visible to near‐infrared spectra at room temperature without external bias voltage. When ITO serves as contact electrodes, a high rectification ratio, i.e., 1.5 × 104 at VDS = ±1 V, and an excellent photoelectric performance, i.e., responsivity of ≈0.67 A W‐1, specific detectivity of ≈2.3 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W‐1 and external quantum efficiency of ≈160% at the wavelength of 520 nm is achieved. Moreover, the GaSe/MoS2 heterostructure with Ohmic‐contact ITO electrodes demonstrates a faster response time of 155 µs, which is 4 times faster than the GaSe/MoS2 heterostructure with Ni/Au electrodes and about 300 times faster than previous reports. These results reveal the presence of an abrupt p–n junction between GaSe and MoS2 and significant role of electrode‐contact mode in determining the photoelectric properties of GaSe/MoS2 heterostructure.
Electrospun Fibrous PVDF‐TrFe Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering, Differentiation, and Maturation
Authors: Adadi Nofar , Yadid Moran , Gal Idan , Asulin Masha , Feiner Ron , Edri Reuven , Dvir Tal
Published: January 2020

Cardiac tissue engineering aims to create cardiac tissue constructs that recapitulate the structure and function of the native heart. This approach has been widely used for creating myocardial implants for regenerative medicine, and more recently, for developing in vitro cardiotoxicity screening assays. However, once the engineered myocardial tissues are implanted or subjected to pharmacological stimuli, their performance should be monitored. Currently, there is no biomaterial that promotes functional tissues assembly while providing real‐time information about their function, in situ. In this study, the piezoelectric phenomenon is sought to be exploited, to measure the contractions generated by engineered cardiac tissues. A poly‐(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐based electrospun fiber scaffold is developed, and it is hypothesized that the contractions of cardiomyocytes in the scaffold will induce mechanical deformations, which will result in measurable electric voltage. The PVDF scaffolds are characterized and optimized for supporting formation of aligned, functional, cardiac tissues. The scaffolds' function is then validated as sensors for tissue contraction and it is demonstrated that they can sense contractions of tissues constructed from as few as 5 × 105 cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that human induced pluripotent stem cells can be directly seeded and differentiated to cardiomyocytes, and then mature over the course of 40 days on the PVDF fiber scaffolds.
Waveguide‐Integrated Broadband Spectrometer Based on Tailored Disorder
Authors: Hartmann Wladick , Varytis Paris , Gehring Helge , Walter Nicolai , Beutel Fabian , Busch Kurt , Pernice Wolfram
Published: January 2020

Compact, on‐chip spectrometers exploiting tailored disorder for broadband light scattering enable high‐resolution signal analysis while maintaining a small device footprint. Due to multiple scattering events of light in the disordered medium, the effective path length of the device is significantly enhanced. Here, on‐chip spectrometers are realized for visible and near‐infrared wavelengths by combining an efficient broadband fiber‐to‐chip coupling approach with a scattering area in a broadband transparent silicon nitride waveguiding structure. Air holes etched into a structured silicon nitride slab terminated with multiple waveguides enable multipath light scattering in a diffusive regime. Spectral‐to‐spatial mapping is performed by determining the transmission matrix at the waveguide outputs, which is then used to reconstruct the probe signals. Direct comparison with theoretical analyses shows that such devices can be used for high‐resolution spectroscopy from the visible up to the telecom wavelength regime.
Systematic generation of alternative production schedules
Authors: Lee Hojae , Gupta Dhruv , Maravelias Christos T.
Published: January 2020

We propose a systematic approach for generating alternative production schedules to address two challenges in implementing optimization‐based scheduling techniques in industrial settings: (a) the limited scope of the scheduling models due to modeling simplifications, and (b) the consideration of shop‐floor nervousness. We first introduce metrics to quantify specific characteristics of a schedule (e.g., number of batches and degree of nervousness). Next, we favor, at different degrees, such characteristics in each alternative schedule, by penalizing the metrics in the objective function. Through illustrative instances, we show that multiple alternative schedules, including schedules with desired properties can readily be generated.
Controlling Single Molecule Conductance by a Locally Induced Chemical Reaction on Individual Thiophene Units
Authors: Michnowicz Tomasz , Borca Bogdana , Pétuya Rémi , Schendel Verena , Pristl Marcel , Pentegov Ivan , Kraft Ulrike , Klauk Hagen , Wahl Peter , Mutombo Pingo , Jelínek Pavel , Arnau Andrés , Schlickum Uta , Kern Klaus
Published: January 2020

Among the prerequisites for the progress of single‐molecule‐based electronic devices are a better understanding of the electronic properties at the individual molecular level and the development of methods to tune the charge transport through molecular junctions. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is an ideal tool not only for the characterization, but also for the manipulation of single atoms and molecules on surfaces. The conductance through a single molecule can be measured by contacting the molecule with atomic precision and forming a molecular bridge between the metallic STM tip electrode and the metallic surface electrode. The parameters affecting the conductance are mainly related to their electronic structure and to the coupling to the metallic electrodes. Here, the experimental and theoretical analyses are focused on single tetracenothiophene molecules and demonstrate that an in situ‐induced direct desulfurization reaction of the thiophene moiety strongly improves the molecular anchoring by forming covalent bonds between molecular carbon and copper surface atoms. This bond formation leads to an increase of the conductance by about 50 % compared to the initial state.
Enantioselective Construction of Axially Chiral Amino Sulfide Vinyl Arenes by Chiral Sulfide‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Carbothiolation of Alkynes
Authors: Liang Yaoyu , Ji Jieying , Zhang Xiaoyan , Jiang Quanbin , Luo Jie , Zhao Xiaodan
Published: January 2020

The enantioselective construction of axially chiral compounds by electrophilic carbothiolation of alkynes is disclosed for the first time. This enantioselective transformation is enabled by the use of a Ts‐protected bifunctional sulfide catalyst and Ms‐protected ortho‐alkynylaryl amines (Ts=tosyl; Ms=mesyl). Both electrophilic arylthiolating and electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolating reagents are suitable for this reaction. The obtained products of axially chiral vinyl–aryl amino sulfides can be easily converted into biaryl amino sulfides, biaryl amino sulfoxides, biaryl amines, vinyl–aryl amines, and other valuable difunctionalized compounds.
Biomedizinische Anwendungen von Calixarenen: Stand der Wissenschaft und Perspektiven
Authors: Pan Yu‐Chen , Hu Xin‐Yue , Guo Dong‐Sheng
Published: January 2020

Calixarene (CAs) stellen die dritte Generation supramolekularer Wirtsstrukturen dar und sind eine der am häufigsten untersuchten makrocyclischen Gerüststrukturen. Sie bieten aufgrund ihrer einfachen Modifikation (fast) unbegrenzte Möglichkeiten, um große Molekülbibliotheken als Materialbasis für vielfältige biomedizinische Anwendungen zu etablieren. Darüber hinaus beteiligen sich CAs und ihre Derivate an verschiedenen nichtkovalenten Interaktionen zur einfachen Erkennung von Gaststrukturen, einschließlich bioaktiver Moleküle, und sind auch wichtige Bausteine für die Herstellung supramolekularer Architekturen. Im Hinblick auf ihre molekularen Erkennungs‐ und Selbstorganisationseigenschaften werden CAs in großem Umfang in der Biosensorik, dem Bioimaging und im Wirkstoff‐/Gentransport eingesetzt. Weiterhin weisen einige CA‐Derivate biologische Aktivitäten auf und können daher als neue Therapeutika eingesetzt werden. Wir fassen hier die vielfältigen biomedizinischen Anwendungen von CAs zusammen, einschließlich der In‐vitro‐Diagnostik (Biosensorik), In‐vivo‐Diagnostik (Bioimaging) und Therapie.
Extended architectures constructed of thiourea‐modified SBA‐15 nanoreactor: A versatile new support for the fabrication of palladium pre‐catalyst
Authors: Alamgholiloo Hassan , Rostamnia Sadegh , Noroozi Pesyan Nader
Published: January 2020

We designed and synthesized a novel catalyst consisting of ordered mesoporous silica (SBA‐15) functionalized with bis(thiourea) (BTU) linker. The regular and unique pore channels of BTU‐SBA‐15 ensure proper control of the size and homogeneous distribution of palladium nanoparticles. The physiochemical properties of the hybrid Pd@BTU‐SBA‐15 pre‐catalyst were investigated using various techniques. The proposed catalyst is found to be very active, reusable, stable and scalable, and has excellent reactivity and selectivity for Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions under very mild and sustainable reaction conditions.
Cellulose stabilized Fe3O4and carboxylate‐imidazole and Co‐based MOF growth as an exceptional catalyst for the Knoevenagel reaction
Authors: Zare Elham , Rafiee Zahra
Published: January 2020

In this study, Fe3O4nanoparticles were functionalized with cellulose, and then hybridized with cobalt (II)‐based metal‐organic framework (Co‐MOF) containing carboxylate and imidazole functionalities. FTIR, XRD, FE‐SEM, TEM, BET, EDX, VSM and STA analyses were used to characterize the synthesized samples. The resultant Fe3O4/cellulose/Co‐MOF nanocomposite was applied efficiently as a powerful and economic heterogeneous catalyst in the condensation of a variety of different aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile under solvent‐free conditions at room temperature for 10 min and offered the corresponding coupling products in high yields. The catalyst could be straightforwardly separated by a magnet from the reaction mixture and reused without a noteworthy drop in catalytic activity at least five times. The use of Fe3O4/cellulose/Co‐MOF catalyst outcomes under mild reaction conditions in very short reaction time, outstanding catalytic activity, high recyclability and an easy work‐up process for Knoevenagel condensation.
Online estimation for catalyst activity of acetylene hydrogenation reactor
Authors: Xie Fu‐Ming , Xu Feng , Liang Zhi‐Shan , Luo Xiong‐Lin
Published: January 2020

In the ethylene industry, the high purity of the ethylene product depends on hydrogenation in acetylene hydrogenation reactor. Because the catalyst deactivation leads to the moving of the operating point, the operation scheme must be adjusted continually according to the catalyst activity. It is necessary to estimate the catalyst activity online. Based on the discrete dynamic model of the acetylene hydrogenation reactor, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to build the soft sensor for catalyst activity. Considering that EKF involves the large computation costs, we propose a method that estimates the parameters of the time‐varying deactivation kinetics model for the tradeoff of accuracy and complexity. The method is effective to reduce computation complexity of estimation, and simultaneously, the accuracy satisfies the process requirement.
High strength clean briquettes production from long‐flame coal fines by using polyvinyl alcohol and coal slime as binders
Authors: Liu Shoujun , Chang Zhiwei , Yang Song , Zhang Qian , Shangguan Ju , Du Wenguang , Ma Rui , Wang Zhao , Zhang Kaixia
Published: January 2020

High strength clean briquettes production by using recycling coal fines is of great realistic significance in saving coal resources and protecting the environment. Blends consisting of a long‐flame coal fines and coal slime (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as binders were used in the preparation of briquettes. To produce a qualified clean briquette with enough briquette strength, the effects of the binder content, briquetting pressure, and moisture content were systemically investigated. The results indicated that the briquettes prepared by using blended binder with 20 wt.% of CS and 1 wt.% of PVA showed better compressive strength (10.2 MPa) and drop strength (98.3%). CS with particle size less than 0.2 mm could fill in the gap between the coarse coal particles uniformly, thus reinforcing the embedded state and leading to a higher briquette strength. Moreover, the strength of the briquettes was also affected by the briquetting pressure and moisture content. At briquetting pressure of 60 kN and optimum moisture content of 14%, the highest briquette strength was achieved. The hydroxyl content of the briquettes by adding CS and PVA increased significantly. In this condition, a highly viscous network colloid was formed when the PVA and water were mixed together. When the briquettes were dried, the colloid could produce a dendritic structure, which was mechanically embedded between adjacent coal particles.
Potential impacts of non‐native fish on the threatened mahseer (Tor) species of the Indian Himalayan biodiversity hot spot
Authors: Gupta Nishikant , Everard Mark , Nautiyal Prakash , Kochhar Ishaan , Sivakumar Kuppusamy , Johnson Jeyaraj Antony , Borgohain Atul
Published: January 2020

Mahseer (Tor) fish species are critical components of locally adapted freshwater food webs across the Indian Himalayan biodiversity hotspot; however, multiple human stressors compounded by climate change have significantly depleted their populations over recent decades.

Mahseer species are now considered locally vulnerable or endangered in many regions. Hydropower projects in particular have fragmented populations, impairing genetic exchange, obstructing migratory paths, and changing the structure and functioning of riverine habitats, especially of formerly fast‐flowing rivers.

Worryingly, a literature survey and group discussions reveal that the increasing spread of non‐native fish species further compounds threats to mahseer and overall freshwater ecology. A better understanding of the current distribution, habitat requirement, and dispersal of non‐native fish is therefore essential to manage the growing threats to mahseer in the Indian Himalayan region.
Nontargeted urine metabolomics analysis of the protective and therapeutic effects of Citri Reticulatae Chachiensis Pericarpium on high‐fat feed‐induced hyperlipidemia in rats
Authors: Zeng Wei , Huang Ke‐Er , Luo Yan , Li Dong‐Xiao , Chen Wei , Yu Xiao‐Qing , Ke Xue‐Hong
Published: January 2020

In this study, we focused on studying the changes in urine metabolites in hyperlipidemic rats using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐fight mass spectrometry (UPLC–Q‐TOF/MS) and metabolomics, as well as the effect of Citri Reticulatae Chachiensis Pericarpium (CRCP) on hyperlipidemia. These urine samples were examined by UPLC–Q‐TOF/MS to obtain MS data. The MS data were analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares‐discriminant analysis to identify the differential metabolites. CRCP reduced the body weight and levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and abnormally decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in hyperlipidemic rats, which were significantly raised by a high‐fat diet. Twenty‐seven potential biomarkers were identified within the complex sample matrix of urine. Fourteen biomarkers increased in the hyperlipidemia rats compared with normal rats. Meanwhile, 13 biomarkers decreased. CRCP reversed abnormal changes in biomarkers, including 5‐l‐glutamyl‐taurine, 5‐aminopentanoic acid, cis‐4‐octenedioic acid and 2‐octenedioic acid. These biomarkers show that hyperlipidemia is related to the metabolic pathways of taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and arginine and proline metabolism. CRCP mainly prevents hyperlipidemia by intervening in these metabolic pathways.
Look there! The effect of perspective, attention, and instructions on how people understand recorded police encounters
Authors: Jones Kristyn A. , Crozier William E. , Strange Deryn
Published: January 2020

Now more than ever, body cameras, surveillance footage, dash‐cam footage, and bystanders with phones enable people to see for themselves officer and civilian behavior and determine the justifiability of officers' actions. This paper examines whether the camera perspective from which people watch police encounters influences the conclusions that people draw. Consistent with recent findings showing that body camera footage leads people to perceive officers' actions as less intentional (Turner, Caruso, Dilich, & Roese, 2019), our first study demonstrates that participants who watched body‐camera footage, compared with people who watched surveillance footage of the same encounter, perceived the officer's behavior as being more justified and made more lenient punishment decisions. In our second study, only one of the four police encounters that participants watched led participants to perceive the officer more favorably when they watched body‐camera footage compared with bystander footage. Our results demonstrate that some body‐camera footage—specifically videos that capture an officer using his or her body to apprehend a civilian—can lead to biased perceptions of police encounters that benefit the officer. Our findings suggest that this occurs because: (i) in body‐camera footage, the civilian is the more easily visible figure, thus making less salient the officer's role in the encounter; and (ii) the body camera—attached to an officer's uniform—is unable to adequately capture certain use of force movements that are important in determining an officer's intent.
Significance of bulky mass and residual tumor—Treated with or without consolidative radiotherapy—To the risk of relapse in DLBCL patients
Authors: Tokola Susanna , Kuitunen Hanne , Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen Taina , Kuittinen Outi
Published: January 2020

Bulky and residual tumor are considered to increase the risk of relapse in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Radiotherapy is conventionally used to reduce the risk, but the evidence is controversial. We performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate the significance of bulky and residual tumor treated with or without radiotherapy in DLBCL patients. We analyzed 312 DLBCL patients treated from 2010‐2017 in Oulu University Hospital. A bulky tumor was detected in 123 patients and 55 of these patients (44.3%) received consolidative radiation therapy (RT) to the bulky tumor. Residual tumor meeting the required criteria was found in 138 (39.3%) patients, and 65 (45.5%) of these patients received consolidative RT to the site of residual tumor. iPET‐CT scans were performed in 102 patients. In multivariate analyses, bulky was an independent risk factor in limited stage patients in progression free survival (HR 6.43 [95%CI 1.609‐25.710]; P = .008) not related to International prognostic index (HR 1.35 [95% CI 0.256‐7.124]; P = .724) or age (HR 1.62 [95% CI 0.468‐5.638]; P = .445). This was not seen in advanced stage patients or in patients with residual tumor. Radiotherapy to the bulky or residual tumor was not able to improve the long‐term PFS of patients. In this study, it appears that performing iPET is the most convincing method in improving evaluation and in finding patients with increased risk of relapse. Evidently, patients with negative iPET will not benefit from including RT in the treatment after metabolic complete response (CR), and patients with primary refractory disease are most likely in the group of positive iPET.
ELF1‐mediated LUCAT1 promotes choroidal melanoma by modulating RBX1 expression
Authors: Wang Lina , Tang Dongrun , Wu Tong , Sun Fengyuan
Published: January 2020

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression and biological behaviors. However, the contribution of lncRNA LUCAT1 to choroidal melanoma (CM) remains unexplored. Here, we examined the expression of LUCAT1 in CM cells by qRT‐PCR and investigated its biological effects by cell counting kit‐8, EdU, TUNEL, transwell assays, and Western blot. Bioinformatics tools were applied to find RNA candidates for further study. Moreover, mechanistic experiments including RNA immunoprecipitation assay, pull‐down assay, and luciferase reporter assay confirmed the relation or interaction among the indicated molecules. Here, we reported ELF1 as the transcription activator of LUCAT1. Functionally, elevated expression of LUCAT1 positively regulated CM cell proliferation, metastasis, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process. In addition, we verified the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis of LUCAT1 and confirmed LUCAT1 modulates CM progression by modulating miR‐514a/b‐3p/RBX1 axis. Meanwhile, miR‐514a/b‐3p was suggested to repress CM progression, whereas RBX1 was unmasked to aggravate CM development. Of note, RBX1 overexpression rescued the inhibitory effect of LUCAT1 silence on the biological processes of CM cells. Altogether, this study unveiled the modulation axis ELF1/LUCAT1/miR‐514a/b‐3p/RBX1 and evidenced LUCAT1 as a promoter in CM for the first time, providing a novel insight into future treatment of CM.
Race, tumor location, and disease progression among low‐risk prostate cancer patients
Authors: Mygatt Justin G. , Cullen Jennifer , Streicher Samantha A. , Kuo Huai‐Ching , Chen Yongmei , Young Denise , Gesztes William , Williams Grant , Conti Galen , Porter Christopher , Stroup Sean P. , Rice Kevin R. , Rosner Inger L. , Burke Allen , Sesterhenn Isabell
Published: January 2020

Background

The relationship between race, prostate tumor location, and BCR‐free survival is inconclusive. This study examined the independent and joint roles of patient race and tumor location on biochemical recurrence‐free (BCR) survival.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among men with newly diagnosed, biopsy‐confirmed, NCCN‐defined low risk CaP who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center from 1996 to 2008. BCR‐free survival was modeled using Kaplan‐Meier estimation curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards (PH) analyses.

Results

There were 539 eligible patients with low‐risk CaP (25% African American, AA; 75% Caucasian American, CA). Median age at CaP diagnosis and post‐RP follow‐up time was 59.2 and 8.1 years, respectively. Kaplan‐Meier analyses showed no significant association between race (P = .52) or predominant tumor location (P = .98) on BCR‐free survival. In Cox PH multivariable analysis, neither race (HR = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.68‐2.02; P = .56) nor predominant tumor location (HR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.59‐2.15; P = .71) was an independent predictor of BCR‐free survival.

Conclusions

Neither race nor predominant tumor location was associated with adverse oncologic outcome.
Synthesis of Taxol and Docetaxel by Using 10‐Deacetyl‐7‐xylosyltaxanes
Authors: Xue Baoyu , Zhao Junhong , Fan Yange , Chen Shipeng , Li Wenfeng , Chen Jin , Li Zheng , Wang Hongxing , Kong Hongjun
Published: January 2020

A mixture of taxols was prepared from 10‐deacetyl‐7‐xylosyltaxanes by three‐step reactions: redox, acetylation, and deacetylation. The mixture was separated by column chromatography on silica gel to afford Taxol, Taxol B (Cephalomannine) and Taxol C. The mixture of Taxol B and Taxol C was converted to Docetaxel by Schwartz's reagent. The structures of Taxol and Docetaxel were characterized by HPLC, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and MS. This synthetic process has expanded the source of biomass for the chemical semi‐synthesis of Taxol and Docetaxel, reduced the production costs, and increased the biomass resource of taxanes.
Practical guide to prevention of contrast‐induced acute kidney injury after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Bugani Giulia , Ponticelli Francesco , Giannini Francesco , Gallo Francesco , Gaudenzi Eleonora , Laricchia Alessandra , Fisicaro Andrea , Cimaglia Paolo , Mangieri Antonio , Gardi Ilja , Colombo Antonio
Published: January 2020

Contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) represents a common but serious complication of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI)—and in general of all those examinations requiring iodinated contrast injection—which affects not only renal function but also long‐term prognosis. While several prophylactic approaches were designed in order to prevent CI‐AKI, most failed to demonstrate clear benefits in randomized trials, and their implementation is therefore discouraged in clinical practice. The most notorious examples include pre‐procedural bicarbonate or N‐acetylcysteine, and preprocedural withdrawal of ACE inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers. Those strategies that were instead demonstrated effective include the appropriate use of preprocedural hydration, reduction in contrast volume utilization, adoption of techniques for zero‐ or ultra‐low‐contrast procedures, and pharmacological treatments with statins. In this brief review, we summarize the main preventive strategies into brief and pragmatic recommendations designed to improve everyday clinical practice.
Impending hand compartment syndrome in an infant: is clinical evaluation enough to perform a fasciotomy?
Authors: Delniotis Ioannis , Gekas Christos , Leidinger Benedikt , Delniotis Alexandros , Galanis Nikiforos
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this case report is to raise awareness of the early diagnosis and treatment of compartment syndrome in children. Late diagnosis can lead to irreversible outcomes, including myonecrosis, neurologic injury, functional problems, and even amputation. In this age group, clinical judgment may be enough to proceed with fasciotomy.
Chan‐Lam‐type Azidation and One‐Pot CuAAC under CuI‐Zeolite Catalysis
Authors: Clerc Arnaud , Bénéteau Valérie , Pale Patrick , Chassaing Stefan
Published: January 2020

The copper(I)‐exchanged zeolite CuI‐USY proved to efficiently catalyze the direct azidation of arylboronic acids with sodium azide under simple and practical conditions, namely at room temperature under air with methanol as solvent and without any additive. This easy‐to‐prepare and cheap catalytic material has been demonstrated to be recyclable and the mild azidation conditions further showed good functional‐group tolerance, leading to a variety of substituted (hetero)aryl azides (18 examples). Interestingly, the azidation reaction has been successfully coupled to a CuAAC reaction, thus allowing access to triazoles from arylboronic acids via a one‐pot CuI‐catalyzed process.
Selective Oxyfunctionalisation Reactions Driven by Sulfite Oxidase‐Catalysed In Situ Generation of H2O2
Authors: van Schie Morten M. C. H. , Kaczmarek Alexander T. , Tieves Florian , Gomez de Santos Patricia , Paul Caroline E. , Arends Isabel W. C. E. , Alcalde Miguel , Schwarz Günter , Hollmann Frank
Published: January 2020

H2O2 can be accepted by several peroxygenases as a clean oxidant, able to supply both the necessary electrons and oxygen atom at the same time. The biocatalysts, in turn, are able to catalyse an array of interesting oxygen insertion reactions at enantio‐ and regio‐selectivities hard to attain with classical chemical methods. The sensitivity of most peroxygenases towards H2O2, however, requires this oxidant to be generated in situ. Here, we suggest the application of (modified) sulfite oxidases to couple the oxidation of sulfites to the reduction of oxygen. This enables us to use calcium sulfite, an industrial waste product from scrubbing flue gases, as an electron donor to reduce oxygen. This will supply the required peroxide in a controlled manner and enables us to perform these challenging reactions at the expense of simple salts.
Carbon Anchored Epitaxially Grown Nickel Cobalt‐Based Carbonate Hydroxide for Urea Electrooxidation Reaction with a High Activity and Durability
Authors: Khalafallah Diab , Ouyang Chong , Zhi Mingjia , Hong Zhanglian
Published: January 2020

Urea has shown a potential importance as a possible alternative hydrogen‐storage source for low‐temperature fuel cells. Besides, the electrooxidation of urea provides an efficient solution for the disposal of wastewater in the agricultural industry, but the state‐of‐the art urea electrocatalysis suffers from the associated sluggish kinetics. In this study, we fabricated unique vertically aligned nanorod arrays‐like carbon anchored nickel‐cobalt carbonate hydroxides (C−NiCo CHs) without agglomeration through a mass scale one‐step hydrothermal approach for electrocatalytic oxidation of urea in an alkaline environment. The composite affords a high specific surface area of 162.55 m2 g−1 with distinctive porous features, suggesting a large surface exposure and sufficient electrolyte accessibility during chemical reactions. The catalyst exhibits an outstanding electrocatalytic activity towards urea electrooxidation with a high current density and an outstanding durability benefiting from the tuned electric conductivity. Impressively, the hybrid shows a greatly improved catalytic performance at higher KOH moieties with a much‐enhanced peak current and a negatively shifted onset voltage, which can be interpreted by the intensive Ni activation processes caused by the densely formed OH− ions. These findings signify that the well‐developed nanoarchitecture of C−NiCo CHs hybrid could pave the way to rationally fabricate highly active electrocatalysts for urea electrocatalysis.
Catalytic Hydrogen Production from Methane Partial Oxidation: Mechanism and Kinetic Study
Authors: Osman Ahmed I.
Published: January 2020

The multifunctional potential of a transition and noble metal catalyst supported on either a single support or combined oxide support in the catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM) is reviewed. The close interaction and interfacial area between the metal, reducible oxide, and acidic support are highlighted, which are crucial for low‐temperature CPOM. The effects of the catalyst components and their preparation methods are considered. Their impact on the catalytic performance and stability on the CPOM reaction is evaluated. The two main mechanisms of CPOM, namely, direct partial oxidation and combustion and reforming reaction, are also covered along with the most recent kinetic studies. Finally, the deactivation of the CPOM catalysts is evaluated in terms of coke and carbon deposition along with CO poisoning.
A Comparative Study of Hydroxyapatite‐ and Alumina‐Based Catalysts in Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Rego de Vasconcelos Bruna , Pham Minh Doan , Martins Emmanuel , Germeau Alain , Sharrock Patrick , Nzihou Ange
Published: January 2020

The dry reforming of methane over hydroxyapatite‐ and alumina/magnesia (commercial Pural MG 30)‐supported nickel catalysts was investigated. The catalytic performance of the catalysts prepared with fresh supports highly depended on the basicity, the metal‐support interaction, and the metal particle size. Calcination of the supports at 1200 °C for 5 h made the catalysts less active because of specific surface area reduction and basicity destruction. However, this treatment allowed avoiding any further catalyst deactivation by thermal sintering and maintained excellent catalytic stability over 300 h of time‐on‐stream. These tests under simulated industrial conditions (high contact time and long time‐on‐stream) showed the competitiveness of the prepared catalysts in this important catalytic process.
π‐Extended Donor–Acceptor Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation
Authors: Galstyan Anzhela , Maurya Yogesh Kumar , Zhylitskaya Halina , Bae Youn Jue , Wu Yi‐Lin , Wasielewski Michael R. , Lis Tadeusz , Dobrindt Ulrich , Stępień Marcin
Published: January 2020

Free base, zinc and palladium π‐extended porphyrins containing fused naphthalenediamide units were employed as photosensitizers in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Their efficacy, assessed by photophysical and in vitro photobiological studies on Gram‐positive bacteria, was found to depend on metal coordination, showing a dramatic enhancement of photosensitizing activity for the palladium complex.
Seizures in patients with cancer
Authors: Gonzalez Castro L. Nicolas , Milligan Tracey A.
Published: January 2020

Seizures are common in patients with cancer and either result from brain lesions, paraneoplastic syndromes, and complications of cancer treatment or are provoked by systemic illness (metabolic derangements, infections). Evaluation should include a tailored history, neurologic examination, laboratory studies, neuroimaging, and electroencephalogram. In unprovoked seizures, antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment is required, and a nonenzyme‐inducing AED is preferred. Treatment of the underlying cancer with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy also can help reduce seizures. Benzodiazepines are useful in the treatment of both provoked seizures and breakthrough epileptic seizures and as first‐line treatment for status epilepticus. Counseling for safety is an important component in the care of a patient with cancer who has seizures. Good seizure management can be challenging but significantly improves the quality of life during all phases of care, including end‐of‐life care.
Breast cancer screening implications of risk modeling among female relatives of ATM and CHEK2 carriers
Authors: Weidner Anne E. , Liggin Mariel E. , Zuniga Brenda I. , Tezak Ann L. , Wiesner Georgia L. , Pal Tuya
Published: January 2020

Background

With the increasing use of multigene panel tests, pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants are identified more frequently in the moderate‐penetrance breast cancer genes ATM and CHEK2. Lifetime breast cancer risk among women with P/LP variants in these genes generally exceeds 20%, meeting the threshold at which high‐risk breast cancer screening through breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended.

Methods

Among a registry‐based sample of 56 ATM and 69 CHEK2 carriers, the authors sought to determine the percentage of relatives in whom a P/LP variant would impact breast cancer surveillance. Lifetime breast cancer risks for unaffected, female first‐degree and second‐degree relatives were estimated using the Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA).

Results

Among first‐degree relatives of ATM and CHEK2 carriers, only 22.6% and 14.9%, respectively, were found to have lifetime breast cancer risks of ≥20% based on family cancer history alone; however, when including the proband's P/LP variant in the model, these percentages increased significantly to 56.6% and 55.3%, respectively (P < .0001 and P < .0001, respectively). Similar increases in lifetime breast cancer risks were found among second‐degree relatives.

Conclusions

The results of the current study suggest that the majority of female first‐degree and second‐degree relatives of ATM and CHEK2 carriers do not qualify for breast MRI based on family cancer history alone. Therefore, testing for these genes, as well as awareness of positive moderate‐penetrance breast cancer gene results in the family, may impact MRI eligibility. These findings highlight the potential usefulness of and need for breast cancer risk models that incorporate moderate‐penetrance gene positivity to inform screening recommendations among at‐risk family members.
Engineering of the d‐Band Center of Perovskite Cobaltite for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Sun Yiqiang , Zhao Zihan , Wu Si , Li Wenjuan , Wu Bo , Liu Guangning , Chen Guozhu , Xu Bo , Kang Baotao , Li Yue , Li Cuncheng
Published: January 2020

Great efforts have been made to understand and upgrade the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, a series of V‐doped LaCoO3 (V‐LCO) OER electrocatalysts with optimized d‐band centers are fabricated. When utilized as an electrode for the OER, as‐formed LaCo0.8V0.2O3 (V‐LCO‐II) requires an overpotential of only 306 mV to drive a geometrical catalytic current density of 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, at a given overpotential of 350 mV, the OER current density of V‐LCO‐II is about 22 times that of pure LaCoO3 (LCO) nanoparticles. Tailoring of the d‐band center by V doping facilitates the adsorption of OER intermediates and promotes the formation of amorphous active species on the surface of LCO through the exchange interaction between high‐spin V4+ and low‐spin Co2+. This work may create new opportunities for developing other highly active OER catalysts through d‐band center engineering.
Electrolyte Imbalance Determination of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery by Potential‐Step Analysis of the Initial Charging
Authors: Beyer Kirstin , grosse Austing Jan , Satola Barbara , Di Nardo Timo , Zobel Marco , Agert Carsten
Published: January 2020

Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) suffer from capacity fades owing to side reactions and crossover effects through the membrane. These processes lead to a deviation of the optimal initial average oxidation state (AOS=+3.5) of vanadium species in both half‐cell electrolytes. To rebalance the electrolyte solutions, it is first necessary to determine the current AOS. In this study, a new method was developed that enables an accurate determination of the AOS. A potential‐step analysis was performed with mixed electrolyte solutions of both half‐cells during the initial charging. The potential was recorded with a simple open‐circuit voltage (OCV) cell, and the potential‐steps were analyzed. A correlation between the duration of the potential plateaus in the OCV and the amount of vanadium ions of a certain oxidation state in the half‐cell electrolytes was found and used to precisely determine the AOS with a maximum error of 3.6 %.
Prominent immune signatures of T cells are specifically associated with indolent B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders and predict prognosis
Authors: Yi Shuhua , Zhang Yu , Xiong Wenjie , Chen Weiwei , Hou Zhaohua , Yang Yang , Yan Yuting , Wei Yunbo , Cui Rui , Wang Huijun , Yu Zhen , Li Heng , Li Zengjun , Liu Wei , Lv Rui , Wang Tingyu , Ru Kun , Zou Dehui , Shu Minglei , Qiu Lugui , Yu Di
Published: January 2020

Objectives

T cells play an essential role in controlling the development of B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders (BLPDs), but the dysfunction of T cells in BLPDs largely remains elusive.

Methods

Using multiplexed flow cytometry, we quantified all major subsets of CD4+ helper T cells (Th) and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (Tc) in 94 BLPD patients and 66 healthy controls. Statistics was utilised to rank T‐cell signatures that distinguished BLPDs from healthy controls and differentially presented between indolent and aggressive categories.

Results

By comparing with healthy controls, we found that the indolent but not aggressive type of BLPDs demonstrated a high degree of T‐cell activation, showing the increase in type I helper T (Th1) cells and follicular B‐helper T (Tfh) cells, both of which strongly associated with the enhanced differentiation of exhaustion‐like effector cytotoxic CD8+ T cells expressing PD‐1 (Tc exhaustion‐like) in indolent BLPDs. Random forest modelling selected a module of T‐cell immune signatures best performing binary classification of all BLPD patients. This signature module was composed of low naïve Th cells and high Th1, Tfh and Tc exhaustion‐like cells which efficiently identified > 85% indolent cases and was, therefore, assigned as the Indolent Dominant Module of T‐cell immune signature. In indolent BLPD patients, a strong bias towards such signatures was found to associate with clinical characteristics of worse prognosis.

Conclusion

Our study identified a prominent signature of T‐cell dysregulation specifically for indolent BLPDs, suggesting Th1, Tfh and Tc exhaustion‐like cells represent potential prognostic biomarkers and targets for immunotherapies.
Multiple myeloma with CD138 changed from positive to negative: A case report
Authors: Yu Jianlin , Tan Liming , Wu Qiong , Rao Yanfei , Ao Jianyun , Yang Weiming , Zou Bei , Chen Juanjuan
Published: January 2020

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common malignant disease of the blood system, caused by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells that accumulate in bone marrow (BM). Here, we report a case of MM patient with CD138 marker changed from positive to negative.

Methods

BM and peripheral blood samples from a 48‐year‐old patient with MM were examined and analyzed by conventional morphology, flow cytometry, and immunodetection.

Results

Imaging examination and clinical manifestations fulfilled criteria for MM. On the first hospitalization, flow cytometry showed that the cells were CD138+/CD38+/CD19−/CD56+. However, on the fifth hospitalization, flow cytometry revealed that the cells were CD138−/CD38+/CD19−/CD56+.

Conclusions

MM is diagnosed on imaging and clinical manifestations, immunophenotype of flow cytometry is also an important method of diagnosing MM. However, the discovery of atypical immunophenotypes cannot prevent the diagnosis of MM, even provide a clue of disease progression.