bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of axiomatic design theory to automotive body assembly in the sustainable manufacturing context
Authors: Flowers Michael , Cheng Kai
Published: February 2012

This paper presents an application of an axiomatic design theory-based analytical approach to autobody components assembly in the sustainable manufacturing context. The adjoining edges of autobody and closure steel sheet panels are machined via a computer-controlled laser cutting process. Following the hierarchies of the bill of materials designed in the CATIA V5 environment, the autobody components are assembled manually using the novel τ-stoss technology. The preliminary data obtained from the comparative analysis of the reported LS-DYNA crash simulation of 2 and 3 mm thick τ-stoss technology-based steel front rails shows that a high number of τ-stoss technology-based secondary beams present a preventive material failure at the integration joints. A series of experimental test drives of the τ-stoss technology assembled automobile validated the robustness of the design system and reliability of the τ-stoss technology.
A torque-based nonlinear predictive control approach of automotive powertrain by iterative optimization
Authors: He Lin , Li Liang , Yu Liangyao , Mao Enrong , Song Jian
Published: February 2012

A torque-based nonlinear predictive control approach is developed to manipulate the automotive powertrain in this paper. This approach consists of three components, i.e. torque demand control, nonlinear predictive controller and torque load estimation. A control scheme of torque demand with proportional–derivative (PD) compensator is proposed to meet the torque requirement of drivers. Based on a mean value model of the internal combustion (IC) engine, a torque-based nonlinear predictive controller is designed by use of iterative optimization. A proportional–integral (PI) observer is employed to estimate the torque load of the powertrain. Through experimental validation, it can be concluded that the torque-based nonlinear predictive control approach is a significant candidate for the automotive powertrain to implement dynamic torque control.
Optimal control of dry clutch engagement based on the driver’s starting intentions
Authors: Lu Tongli , Dai Feng , Zhang Jianwu , Wu Mingxiang
Published: February 2012

This paper explores the association between the driver’s starting intentions and control of dry clutch engagement during the vehicle launch in order to develop an intelligent automated mechanical transmission system. The optimal engagement laws are deduced by finding a compromise between the friction loss, the shock intensity, the engine torque and the engine angular acceleration, based upon the extremum value theorem. The optimal parameters of clutch engagement are adjusted for the value of the shock intensity. The driver’s starting intentions, which can be divided into three patterns, namely fast starting, medium-speed starting and slow starting, are associated with optimal control of clutch engagement according to fuzzy control theory. It is demonstrated that optimal control of dry clutch engagement can reflect the driver’s starting intentions correctly. The obtained optimal accelerator opening has more advantages than the actual accelerator opening, which can be adopted as the ideal input of the vehicle with an intelligent automated mechanical transmission system.
Administration of fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, attenuates disease in lupus-prone NZB/W F1 female mice
Authors: Stirzaker RA , Biswas PS , Gupta S , Song L , Bhagat G , Pernis AB
Published: February 2012

Accumulating evidence from murine studies suggests that the RhoA/ROCK pathway plays an important role in the development of autoimmune disorders. We previously demonstrated that ROCK inhibition ameliorates disease in MRL/lpr mice, a spontaneous model of lupus. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of the ROCK inhibitor fasudil in a distinct model of lupus, NZB/W F1 female mice, to assess the broad applicability of ROCK inhibition for the treatment of lupus. NZB/W F1 female mice were administered fasudil continuously in their drinking water starting at 18 or 24 weeks of age up until 44 weeks of age, or remained untreated. Fasudil treatment significantly improved survival and decreased proteinuria, particularly when treatment was started at 18 weeks. There was also a significant decrease in serum anti-dsDNA autoantibody production, glomerular IgG and C3 deposition, and glomerulonephritis. Analysis of the splenic lymphocyte compartment revealed reduced effector/memory CD4+ T cell and plasma cell numbers in fasudil treated mice while the frequency of other B cell and T cell subsets was unchanged. These results thus indicate that fasudil can ameliorate disease in NZB/W F1 female mice, suggesting that ROCK inhibition might be broadly effective for the treatment of lupus.
Association of Sociodemographic Factors With Depression in Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Ali Faridah Amir , Zuberi Rukhsana W.
Published: February 2012

Introduction. Women suffer disproportionately from depression, which has a high prevalence in developing countries. Sociodemographic factors are associated with depression, some of which may be modifiable and lead to better outcomes for depression among women. Objectives. To determine sociodemographic factors associated with depression among women of reproductive age in Karachi. Methods. A case control study was conducted on 376 women in 2 hospitals in Karachi. Patients were diagnosed by psychiatrists and family physicians by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) criteria and SRQ20. Results. The odds for women with depression being married for >5 years, being abused by in-laws, spending ≤3 hours per day with their spouses, and being just satisfied or not satisfied with their married life was more than that for controls. Conclusion. The authors’ findings highlight the important modifiable risk factors for depression, which if addressed will help decrease the burden of depression among women.
Hospital Health Care Workers’ Understanding of and Attitudes Toward Pandemic Influenza in Beijing
Authors: Seale Holly , Wang Quanyi , Yang Peng , Dwyer Dominic E , Zhang Yi , Wang Xiaoli , Li Xinyou , MacIntyre C. Raina
Published: February 2012

During a pandemic, health care workers (HCWs) will be essential to the health system response. This pre-pandemic study aimed to extend previous research by assessing the views, and intended behaviors of hospital HCWs in Beijing, China, regarding pandemic influenza. We undertook a cross-sectional investigation of a sample of HCWs from 24 hospitals in Beijing, China in January 2009. The main outcome measures were intentions regarding work attendance and quarantine, antiviral use and perceived preparation. Our study found that most HCWs perceived pandemic influenza to be very serious but very few were able to correctly define it. 74% (n=1406) of respondents accepted the risk of getting pandemic influenza as part of their job and 71% (n=1350) felt that they have the necessary knowledge to provide patient care during it. We identified two issues that could undermine the best of pandemic plans – the first, a low level of confidence in antivirals as an effective intervention; secondly, a high proportion of staff potentially engaging in inappropriate working behaviors
Residential Environmental Risk Factors for Childhood Asthma Prevalence in Metropolitan and Semirural Cities in Korea
Authors: Hwang Gyu-Seok , Choi Jae-Wook , Yoo Young , Choung Ji-Tae , Yoon Chung-Sik
Published: February 2012

To identify the association between residential environmental risk factors and the prevalence of childhood asthma, the authors surveyed the prevalence of asthma, the residential environmental risk factors of 1819 elementary school students, and air pollution in metropolitan (Seongbuk), and semirural (Andong) areas. Although there was no significant difference in the prevalence of self-reported asthma (SA) between the 2 geographic areas (12.8% vs 13.6%), the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma (PDA) in Andong (15.0%) was significantly higher than that in Seongbuk (6.8%). After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression suggested that there were significant differences in size of the house (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.82), medical insurance (aOR = 2.59), and number of residents in the household (aOR = 1.54) between the SA and non-SA groups. There was a significant difference in the area of residence (aOR = 2.12) between the PDA and non-PDA groups. In conclusion, residential environmental risk factors and the area of residence affect the prevalence of childhood asthma.
Preparedness Against an Influenza Pandemic of the Frontline Health Facilities in Southern Thailand
Authors: Prateepko Tapanan , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi
Published: February 2012

Preparedness at the frontline health level is essential for early detection, response, and prevention of the spread of an influenza pandemic in a community. This study aimed to assess and document patterns of basic preparedness for a threat of an influenza pandemic of the frontline health facilities in southern Thailand. A cross-sectional assessment was conducted among health centers. Key staffs were asked to complete a checklist consisting of facility access plan, surveillance, infection control, risk communication and health information dissemination, and health alert network and information technology. Results showed that the frontline health facilities were not well prepared for the threat in the early stages of a pandemic. Using cluster analysis, 6 variation patterns of preparedness were identified, with infection control being the weakest. Grassroots healthcare should be encouraged and supported to increase capacities in preparedness against influenza pandemics. Periodical monitoring by higher levels is needed.
Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Aggressive Driving Behaviors of 3-Wheeler Taxi Drivers in Sri Lanka
Authors: Akalanka Ediriweera Chintana , Fujiwara Takeo , Desapriya Ediriweera , Peiris Dinithi C. , Scime Giulia
Published: February 2012

Little is known about the nature and scope of aggressive driving in developing countries. The objective of this study is to specifically examine the sociodemographic factors associated with aggressive driving behavior among 3-wheeler taxi drivers in Sri Lanka. Convenience samples of 3-wheeler taxi drivers from Rathnapura, Ahaliyagoda, Sri Lanka were surveyed from June to August 2006. Analyses included bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Drivers with less than high school education were 3.5 times more likely to drive aggressively (odds ratio [OR] = 3.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 11.1). Single drivers were 9 times more likely to run red lights (OR = 8.74; 95% CI = 2.18, 35.0), and being single was a major risk factor for drunk driving (OR = 4.80; 95% CI = 1.23, 18.7). Furthermore, high school completers were 4 times more likely to bribe a policeman (OR = 4.27; 95% CI = 1.23, 14.9) when caught violating the road rules. Aggressive driving and risk-taking behavior are amenable to policy initiatives, and preventive programs targeted at key groups could be used to improve road safety in Sri Lanka. This study demonstrates that aggressive driving behavior is associated with sociodemographic factors, including the level of education, marital status, and other socioeconomic factors. Hence, economic factors should be addressed to find solutions to traffic-related issues. It will be the government’s and policy makers’ responsibility to try and understand the economic factors behind risky road behavior and bribe-taking behavior prior to legislating or enforcing new laws.
Healthy Life Expectancy in the Context of Population Health and Ageing in India
Authors: Lau Robin S. , Johnson Shanthi , Kamalanabhan T. J.
Published: February 2012

This study examines life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy (HLE) in India longitudinally over the period 2007 to 2020, providing projections into the future. Specifically, the Indian Healthy Life Expectancy Projection model was developed based on epidemiological data (mortality, disability rates) obtained from the World Health Organization and the Government of India. The current model contributed to 4 key findings: decreases in mortality but not in all age and gender groups; increasing disability in the Indian population over time; increase in LE and HLE into the future in all age and gender groups; and the largest gains in LE and HLE are in the older age bands starting from the 70+ age band in women and 65+ age band in men. This study sheds some light on the population health measures needed to improve the understanding of the determinants of health for the efficient allocation of resources and to inform policy in the planning of health and social services.
Joint Prevalence and Control of Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertension in Thailand
Authors: Khonputsa Panrasri , Veerman J. Lennert , Vos Theo , Aekplakorn Wichai , Bertram Melanie , Abbott-Klafter Jesse , Hogan Margaret C , Lim Stephen S
Published: February 2012

The prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertension were estimated for Thailand using data from a recent, nationally representative health examination survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with diagnosis, treatment, and control. In all, 14% of men and 17% of women had hypercholesterolemia, 23% and 21% had hypertension, and 5% and 6%, respectively, had both. A large proportion of individuals with these risk factors is neither diagnosed nor treated, let alone adequately controlled; 30% of people with hypertension had been diagnosed and 24% treated, and 9% had their blood pressure controlled. The figures for hypercholesterolemia were 13%, 9%, and 6%, respectively. Those for both risk factors combined were below 15% and did not differ by sex, urbanicity, age, or marital status. Among men, education correlated with diagnosis and treatment odds. There is great scope for improved prevention of cardiovascular disease in Thailand.
Balancing local and global security leitmotifs: Counter-terrorism and the spectacle of sporting mega-events
Authors: Fussey Pete , Coaffee Jon
Published: February 2012

This article considers the transferability of sporting mega-event strategies across time and place. In doing so, it presents a number of arguments highlighting the progressive global standardization of sporting mega-event counter-terrorism strategies comprising continually reproduced security leitmotifs. Such orthodoxies are drawn from a range of experiences at both sporting and non-sporting mega-events. By contrast to these globalized models, the terrorist threats they seek to counter are almost always rooted in diverse local settings. This convergence of sporting mega-event counter-terrorism strategies does not simply represent an uncritical imposition of an external framework of security, however. Instead, this article identifies and interrogates how sporting mega-event security planning is also tempered by a range of localized processes, including vernacular cultures of security and the scale of extant security infrastructures.
Alteration in Mean Platelet Volume and Platicrit Values in Patients With Cancer That Developed Thrombosis
Authors: Mutlu Hasan , Artış Tarık A. , Erden Abdülsamet , Akca Zeki
Published: February 2012

Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator of thrombocyte volume and tendency to thrombosis can be mentioned in case of MPV elevation. Cancers are one of the important groups of thrombotic diseases. In the present study, MPV value was scrutinized in patients with cancer that developed thrombosis. Totally 43 patients followed in Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, in who thromboembolus has been developed, were prospectively recruited in the study. Thrombocyte, MPV, and platicrit (PCT) values were recorded at the time of cancer diagnosis and thrombosis development. Frequency analysis, crosstabs, and paired samples t test were used. Analyses showed that MPV values at the time of thrombosis development were significantly low as compared to those at the time of cancer diagnosis ( P = .041). Thrombocyte count and PCT values were also low but not significant. The result of the present study is likely to show that thrombocytes have ignorable effect on thrombosis development in patients with cancer.
Evaluation of Circuit and AV Fistula Clotting and Detection of Anti-PF4/Heparin Complex Antibodies in Hemodialysis Patients Suspected of Having Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Matsuo Takefumi , Wanaka Keiko , Walenga Jeanine M.
Published: February 2012

A retrospective study was performed to elucidate the characteristics of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in newly treated hemodialysis (HD) patients who essentially required anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UFH). Seventy-eight patients suspected of having HIT within 3 months of starting HD with UFH were selected for this study. Their platelet counts were routinely followed, and anti-PF4/heparin complex antibodies (HIT antibodies) were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) until the titer became negative. The characteristics of thrombocytopenia were a platelet count of ≤150 × 109/L and/or decrease of ≥30% and as caused by the intermittent use (3 times/a week) of UFH during HD. Fifty-five patients showed unexpected clotting in the extracorporeal circuit and/or arteriovenous fistula (AVF) thrombosis, while 23 patients had neither of these complications. The patients were classified into HD-related and non-HD-related thrombus groups. The impact of various combinations of the 3 clinical factors (thrombocytopenia, timing, and HD-related thrombus) and the results of ELISA as a laboratory factor were examined. A combination of 2 platelet factors (thrombocytopenia and timing) and ELISA positivity did not reveal the presence of HIT, while a combination of the 3 clinical factors and a positive ELISA improved the accuracy of HIT diagnosis. The findings on the 4-factor combination were supported by high rates of seroconversion in a serotonin release assay. Combining appropriate clinical factors and a positive ELISA may lead to the proper management of HD patients suspected of having HIT. In conclusion, while HD patients showed a drop of ≤150 × 109/L or ≥30% on days 7 to 30, unexpected clotting in the circuit and/or AVF thrombosis was considered as a sign of HIT development.
The Language(s) of Failure? Unequal Access to Journalism Education and Training at a Former Whites-Only Afrikaans University in South Africa
Authors: Botma Gabriël J.
Published: February 2012

A former whites-only South African university’s journalism department employs a dual-medium language policy in which Afrikaans and English alternate in classrooms, and students may use either. Admissions processes include a test of linguistic ability (general/cultural knowledge and writing skills). Citing Bourdieu, this article disputes the validity of the test’s score as an indication of a student’s linguistic ability (part of his/her “cultural capital”); in fact, students’ biographical profile form part of their “habitus.” First, levels and composition of cultural capital of different “racial” groups of students show how the way the test determines linguistic ability structures student performances. Second, statistical findings are discussed with reference to the profile and assessments practices of department staff members. Such practical changes could improve selection of black students, but this article also suggests reconsidering the dual-medium language policy.
Thermoforming carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites
Authors: McCool R , Murphy A , Wilson R , Jiang Z , Price M , Butterfield J , Hornsby P
Published: February 2012

The use of carbon fibre composites is growing in many sectors but their use remains stronger in very high value industries such as aerospace where the demands of the application more easily justify the high energy input needed and the corresponding costs incurred. This energy and cost input is returned through gains over the whole life of the product, with for example, longer maintenance intervals for an aircraft and lower fuel burn. Thermoplastic composites however have a different energy and cost profile compared to traditional thermosets with notable differences in recyclability, but this profile is not well quantified or documented. This study considers the key process control parameters and identifies an optimal window for processing, along with the effect this has on the final characteristics of the manufactured parts. Interactions between parameters and corresponding sensitivities are extracted from the results.
On paternal subjectivity: a qualitative longitudinal and psychosocial case analysis of men’s classed positions and transitions to first-time fatherhood
Authors: Coltart Carrie , Henwood Karen
Published: February 2012

Using Timescapes ‘Men as Fathers’ (MAF) project data, qualitative longitudinal (QL) and psychosocial case study approaches are showcased for studying the making of paternal subjectivity in and through time. The accounts of two men from self-defined ‘working’ and ‘middle-class’ backgrounds are explored, focusing on how their lines of flight as paternal subjects are shaped by tensions between a push towards new subjectivities and the pull of old discourses. The men’s vexed intergenerational inheritance of classed versions of masculinity is shown to be an energizing force which, in dynamic relationship to other social and discursive forces, produces shifting investments in motherly and affectionate models of fathering. Adopting QL and psychosocial lenses, and foregrounding the importance of men’s intergenerational experiences, positions and transitions as paternal subjects, provides insights into the broad sociocultural transformations in masculinity and fatherhood threading through the dynamics of individual lives.
Elevated serum angiotensin converting enzyme levels as a reflection of bone marrow renin–angiotensin system activation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Albayrak Murat , Celebi Harika , Albayrak Aynur , Sayilir Abdurrahim , Yesil Yusuf , Balcik Ozlem Sahin , Yokus Osman , Celik Tugrul
Published: February 2012

Introduction: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a circulating enzyme that participates in the body’s renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and is localized on the endothelial cell surface in the lung and other vascular beds. It catalyses the conversion of decapeptide angiotensin I to octapeptide angiotensin II. In the present study, we aimed to analyse the possible relationship between the levels of ACE in the context of RAS in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 25 MM patients (13 males, 12 females; median age 66 years, range 47–88) and 20 healthy controls. The clinical features of MM patients including demographics and laboratory findings were summarized. Serum ACE levels were measured by using commercially available kits.

Results: The serum ACE levels of MM patients and controls were 32.60±20.26 and 15.35±6.47 respectively. Serum ACE levels were significantly higher in MM patients compared with control groups ( p<0.001).

Conclusions: Being an important component of RAS, circulating ACE might be associated with clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. Identification of the pathobiological activity of the local RAS in MM would enlighten the biologic basis and clinical management of haematologic disorders.
Aortocaval Fistula Formation due to Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Kotsikoris Ioannis , Papas Theofanis T. , Papanas Nikolaos , Maras Dimitrios , Andrikopoulou Maria , Bessias Nikolaos , Kotsiou Stamatia , Maltezos Efstratios
Published: February 2012

This study reports on the frequency and management of aortocaval fistulas (ACFs) in our department between 1998 and 2009. Overall frequency of ACFs among ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms was 5.5%. Patients presented with low back pain (92.8%), abdominal tenderness (78.6%), hemorrhagic shock (28.6%), congestive heart failure (21.4%), dyspnea (42.8%), and palpitations (57.1%). The most reliable clinical sign was the presence of palpable pulsating abdominal mass (92.8%). Other clinical findings included increased central venous pressure (21.4%), lower extremity edema (71.4%), hematuria (21.4%), and scrotal edema (14.3%). Diagnosis was established preoperatively in 85.7% and intraoperatively in 14.3% of cases. Surgery was successful in promptly improving clinical signs and symptoms. Mortality rate was 7.1%. After a mean follow-up of 18.5 months, all surviving patients remained free from complications. In conclusion, ACFs represent a life-threatening emergency for vascular surgeons but can be successfully managed.
The Midterm Experience of Tapered Stent Grafts in the Endovascular Management of Iliac Artery Aneurysms With Unfavorable Anatomy
Authors: Aldin Zaid , Kashef Elika , Jenkins Michael , Gibbs Richard , Wolfe John , Hamady Mohamad
Published: February 2012

We report our experience and the midterm results of a modern technique for endovascular management of isolated iliac artery aneurysms (IAAs) with unfavorable neck anatomy, which involves the inversion of an iliac leg of a Zenith stent graft. Patients who underwent endovascular IAA repair from 2002 to 2010 were reviewed. A total of 12 patients, with a mean age of 77.6 years, underwent endovascular repair of 13 IAAs. Mean size of the aneurysms was 54.6 mm (range 34-133 mm). Mean proximal neck diameter was 18 mm (range 15-22 mm). In 7 patients, the length of the proximal neck was <15 mm (10-14 mm). Only 1 patient developed thrombosis of the stent graft immediately after the operation. Patients were followed up for a mean of 31.5 months (range 18-72 months). Our midterm results demonstrate the durability of this technique in the management of iliac aneurysms with unfavorable anatomy.
Application of Bioengineering Modalities in Vascular Research: Evaluating the Clinical Gain
Authors: Georgakarakos Efstratios , Georgiadis George S. , Xenakis Antonios , Kapoulas Konstantinos C. , Lazarides Miltos K. , Tsangaris Adamantios S. , Ioannou Christos V.
Published: February 2012

Using knowledge gained from bioengineering studies, current vascular research focuses on the delineation of the natural history and risk assessment of clinical vascular entities with significant morbidity and mortality, making the development of new, more accurate predictive criteria a great challenge. Additionally, conclusions derived from computational simulation studies have enabled the improvement and modification of many biotechnology products that are used routinely in the treatment of vascular diseases. This review highlights the promising role of the bioengineering applications in the vascular field.
Natural convection flow of a non-Newtonian nanofluid between two vertical flat plates
Authors: Domairry Davood , Sheikholeslami Mohsen , Ashorynejad Hamid Reza , Gorla Rama Subba Reddy , Khani Mostafa
Published: February 2012

In this research, natural convection of a non-Newtonian copper-water nanofluid between two infinite parallel vertical flat plates is investigated. The basic partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations which are solved analytically using the differential transformation method. The results obtained using the differential transformation method and those from a numerical method are in good agreement which demonstrates the ability of the differential transformation method to solve such problems. It is shown that as the nanoparticle volume fraction increases, the momentum boundary layer thickness increases, whereas the thermal boundary layer thickness decreases.
Mixed convective boundary layer flow over a vertical wedge embedded in a porous medium saturated with a nanofluid: entire regime
Authors: Gorla Rama Subba Reddy , Kumari Mahesh
Published: February 2012

A boundary layer analysis is presented for the mixed convection past a vertical wedge in a porous medium saturated with a nanofluid. The entire regime of the mixed convection is included since the mixed convection parameter of ξ varies from zero (pure free convection) to one (pure forced convection). The transformed non-linear system of equations is solved by using an implicit infinite difference method. Numerical results for friction factor, surface heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate have been presented for parametric variations of the buoyancy ratio parameter Nr, Brownian motion parameter Nb, thermophoresis parameter Nt and Lewis number Le. The dependency of the friction factor, surface heat transfer rate (Nusselt number) and mass transfer rate (Sherwood number) on these parameters has been discussed. The results indicate that as Nr and Nt increase, the heat transfer rate (Nusselt number) and mass transfer rate (Sherwood number) decrease. As Nb increases, the surface mass transfer rates increase whereas the surface heat transfer rate decreases. As Le increases, the heat transfer rate decreases whereas the mass transfer rate increases. As the wedge angle increases, the heat and mass transfer rates increase.
The extracellular release of DNA and HMGB1 from Jurkat T cells during in vitro necrotic cell death
Authors: Beyer Christian , Stearns Nancy A , Giessl Adreas , Distler Jörg HW , Schett Georg , Pisetsky David S
Published: February 2012

In innate immunity, dead and dying cells release internal constituents that can serve as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or alarmins. This release occurs more abundantly during necrosis than apoptosis and may account for the differences in the immunologic properties of these death forms. To elucidate DAMP release in necrosis, we compared the levels of two nuclear molecules (DNA and HMGB1, a non-histone protein with alarmin activity) in media following necrosis of Jurkat T cells by freeze-thawing, ethanol, heat or hydrogen peroxide treatment. In our experiments, DNA release was measured by fluorimetry with the dye PicoGreen, while HMGB1 was measured by Western blotting. As the results of our study show, each form of necrosis is associated with a distinct pattern of DNA and HMGB1 release with respect to kinetics and amounts. Of these, freeze-thawing produced the highest and most rapid increase in HMGB1 and DNA levels, although the released DNA was subject to nuclease digestion; in addition, freeze-thawing led to the production of particles measured by flow cytometry. Together, these results indicate that experimental necrosis leads to diverse patterns of nuclear molecule release which could affect their immunologic activity.
Music Perception of Cochlear Implant Recipients With Implications for Music Instruction
Authors: Hsiao Feilin , Gfeller Kate
Published: February 2012

This review of the literature presents a systematic analysis of the capabilities and limitations of cochlear implant (CI) recipients with regard to music perception. Specifically, it (a) analyzes individual components of music (e.g., rhythm, timbre, and pitch) as they interface with the technical characteristics of CIs and the perceptual abilities of the recipients and (b) describes accommodations for music instruction that support successful participation of children with CIs. This article consolidates research studies from various disciplines (audiology, hearing science, speech–language pathology, CIs, and music therapy) to provide practical recommendations for educators in fostering the musical growth of children with CIs.
Caspase-8 is essential for maintaining chromosomal stability and suppressing B-cell lymphomagenesis
Authors: Hakem Anne , El Ghamrasni Samah , Maire Georges , Lemmers Benedicte , Karaskova Jana , Jurisicova Andrea , Sanchez Otto , Squire Jeremy , Hakem Razqallah
Published: February 2012

In addition to its proapoptotic function, caspase-8 is also important for several other processes, including suppressing necroptosis, cell migration, and immune cell survival. In the present study, we report that the loss of caspase-8 in B lymphocytes leads to B-cell malignancies and that the risk for these tumors is further enhanced in the absence of p53. We also report that deficiency of caspase-8 results in impaired cytokinesis and that casp8−/− lymphomas display remarkably elevated levels of chromosomal aberrations. Our data support an important role for caspase-8 in the maintenance of genomic integrity and highlight its tumor-suppressive function.
Microsatellite allele dose and configuration establishment (MADCE): an integrated approach for genetic studies in allopolyploids
Authors: van Dijk Thijs , Noordijk Yolanda , Dubos Tiphaine , Bink Marco CAM , Meulenbroek Bert J , Visser Richard GF , van de Weg Eric
Published: February 2012

Background

Genetic studies in allopolyploid plants are challenging because of the presence of similar sub-genomes, which leads to multiple alleles and complex segregation ratios. In this study, we describe a novel method for establishing the exact dose and configuration of microsatellite alleles for any accession of an allopolyploid plant species. The method, named Microsatellite Allele Dose and Configuration Establishment (MADCE), can be applied to mapping populations and pedigreed (breeding) germplasm in allopolyploids.

Results

Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the power and robustness of the MADCE method. In the mapping case, five microsatellites were analysed. These microsatellites amplified 35 different alleles based on size. Using MADCE, we uncovered 30 highly informative segregating alleles. A conventional approach would have yielded only 19 fully informative and six partially informative alleles. Of the ten alleles that were present in all progeny (and thereby ignored or considered homozygous when using conventional approaches), six were found to segregate by dosage when analysed with MADCE. Moreover, the full allelic configuration of the mapping parents could be established, including null alleles, homozygous loci, and alleles that were present on multiple homoeologues. In the second case, 21 pedigreed cultivars were analysed using MADCE, resulting in the establishment of the full allelic configuration for all 21 cultivars and a tracing of allele flow over multiple generations.

Conclusions

The procedure described in this study (MADCE) enhances the efficiency and information content of mapping studies in allopolyploids. More importantly, it is the first technique to allow the determination of the full allelic configuration in pedigreed breeding germplasm from allopolyploid plants. This enables pedigree-based marker-trait association studies the use of algorithms developed for diploid crops, and it may increase the effectiveness of LD-based association studies. The MADCE method therefore enables researchers to tackle many of the genotyping problems that arise when performing mapping, pedigree, and association studies in allopolyploids. We discuss the merits of MADCE in comparison to other marker systems in polyploids, including SNPs, and how MADCE could aid in the development of SNP markers in allopolyploids.
Fostered and left behind alleles in peanut: interspecific QTL mapping reveals footprints of domestication and useful natural variation for breeding
Authors: Fonceka Daniel , Tossim Hodo-Abalo , Rivallan Ronan , Vignes Hélène , Faye Issa , Ndoye Ousmane , Moretzsohn Márcio C , Bertioli David J , Glaszmann Jean-Christophe , Courtois Brigitte , Rami Jean-François
Published: February 2012

Background

Polyploidy can result in genetic bottlenecks, especially for species of monophyletic origin. Cultivated peanut is an allotetraploid harbouring limited genetic diversity, likely resulting from the combined effects of its single origin and domestication. Peanut wild relatives represent an important source of novel alleles that could be used to broaden the genetic basis of the cultigen. Using an advanced backcross population developed with a synthetic amphidiploid as donor of wild alleles, under two water regimes, we conducted a detailed QTL study for several traits involved in peanut productivity and adaptation as well as domestication.

Results

A total of 95 QTLs were mapped in the two water treatments. About half of the QTL positive effects were associated with alleles of the wild parent and several QTLs involved in yield components were specific to the water-limited treatment. QTLs detected for the same trait mapped to non-homeologous genomic regions, suggesting differential control in subgenomes as a consequence of polyploidization. The noteworthy clustering of QTLs for traits involved in seed and pod size and in plant and pod morphology suggests, as in many crops, that a small number of loci have contributed to peanut domestication.

Conclusion

In our study, we have identified QTLs that differentiated cultivated peanut from its wild relatives as well as wild alleles that contributed positive variation to several traits involved in peanut productivity and adaptation. These findings offer novel opportunities for peanut improvement using wild relatives.
Opposing function of MYBBP1A in proliferation and migration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Acuña Sanhueza Gustavo A , Faller Leonie , George Babitha , Koffler Jennifer , Misetic Vinko , Flechtenmacher Christa , Dyckhoff Gerhard , Plinkert Peter P , Angel Peter , Simon Christian , Hess Jochen
Published: February 2012

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide and mortality mostly results from loco-regional recurrence and metastasis. Despite its significance, our knowledge on molecular, cellular and environmental mechanisms that drive disease pathogenesis remains largely elusive, and there are limited therapeutic options, with only negligible clinical benefit.

Methods

We applied global gene expression profiling with samples derived from a recently established mouse model for oral cancer recurrence and identified a list of genes with differential expression between primary and recurrent tumors.

Results

One differentially expressed gene codes for Myb-binding protein 1a (MYBBP1A), which is known as a transcriptional co-regulator that physically interacts with nuclear transcription factors, such as NFκB and p53. We confirmed significantly reduced MYBBP1A protein levels on tissue sections of recurrent mouse tumors compared to primary tumors by immunohistochemistry, and found aberrant MYBBP1A protein levels also in tumor samples of HNSCC patients. Interestingly, silencing of MYBBP1A expression in murine SCC7 and in human HNSCC cell lines elicited increased migration but decreased cell growth.

Conclusion

We provide experimental evidence that MYBBP1A is an important molecular switch in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation versus migration in HNSCC and it will be a major challenge for the future to proof the concept whether regulation MYBBP1A expression and/or function could serve as a novel option for anti-cancer therapy.
Societal and individual burden of illness among fibromyalgia patients in France: Association between disease severity and OMERACT core domains
Authors: Perrot Serge , Schaefer Caroline , Knight Tyler , Hufstader Meghan , Chandran Arthi B , Zlateva Gergana
Published: February 2012

Background

Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) report widespread pain, fatigue, and other functional limitations. This study aimed to provide an assessment of the burden of illness associated with FM in France and its association with disease severity and core domains as defined by Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) for FM.

Methods

This cross-sectional, observational study recruited patients with a prior diagnosis of FM from 18 community-based physician offices in France. Patients completed questions about FM impact (Fibromyalgia-Impact Questionnaire [FIQ]), core symptoms (defined by OMERACT), health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), current overall health status (rated on a scale from 0 to 100), productivity, treatment satisfaction, and out-of-pocket expenses related to FM. Site staff recorded patients' treatment and health resource use based on medical record review. Costs were extrapolated from 4-week patient-reported data and 3-month clinical case report form data and calculated in 2008 Euros using a societal perspective. Tests of significance used the Kruskal-Wallis test or Fisher's Exact test where P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Eighty-eight patients (mean 55.2 y; female:male 74:14) were recruited. The majority of patients (84.1%) were prescribed medications for FM. Patients mainly described medications as a little/not at all effective (40.0%) or somewhat effective (52.9%). Current Overall Health rating was 52.9 (± 17.8) and FIQ total score was 54.8 (± 17.3). FIQ total score was used to define FM severity, and 17 patients scored 0- < 39 (mild FM), 33 patients 39- < 59 (moderate FM), and 38 scored 59-100 (severe FM). As FM severity level worsened, patients had poorer overall health status and perceived their prescription medications to be less effective. Average cost/FM patient was higher for severe (€10,087) vs. moderate (€6,633) or mild FM (€5,473); however, the difference was not significant.

Conclusions

In a sample of 88 patients with FM from France, we found that FM poses a substantial economic and human burden on patients and society. FM severity level was significantly associated with patients' health status and core symptom domains.
Sendai virus-based liposomes enable targeted cytosolic delivery of nanoparticles in brain tumor-derived cells
Authors: Dudu Veronica , Rotari Veronica , Vazquez Maribel
Published: February 2012

Background

Nanotechnology-based bioassays that detect the presence and/or absence of a combination of cell markers are increasingly used to identify stem or progenitor cells, assess cell heterogeneity, and evaluate tumor malignancy and/or chemoresistance. Delivery methods that enable nanoparticles to rapidly detect emerging, intracellular markers within cell clusters of biopsies will greatly aid in tumor characterization, analysis of functional state and development of treatment regimens.

Results

Experiments utilized the Sendai virus to achievein vitro, cytosolic delivery of Quantum dots in cells cultured from Human brain tumors. Using fluorescence microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy,in vitroexperiments illustrated that these virus-based liposomes decreased the amount of non-specifically endocytosed nanoparticles by 50% in the Human glioblastoma and medulloblastoma samples studied. Significantly, virus-based liposome delivery also facilitated targeted binding of Quantum dots to cytosolic Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor within cultured cells, focal to the early detection and characterization of malignant brain tumors.

Conclusions

These findings are the first to utilize the Sendai virus to achieve cytosolic, targeted intracellular binding of Qdots within Human brain tumor cells. The results are significant to the continued applicability of nanoparticles used for the molecular labeling of cancer cells to determine tumor heterogeneity, grade, and chemotherapeutic resistivity.
Strong, conductive carbon nanotube fibers as efficient hole collectors
Authors: Jia Yi , Li Xiao , Li Peixu , Wang Kunlin , Cao Anyuan , Wei Jinquan , Zhu Hongwei , Wu Dehai
Published: February 2012

We present the photovoltaic properties of heterojunctions made from single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) fibers and n-type silicon wafers. The use of the opaque SWNT fiber allows photo-generated holes to transport along the axis direction of the fiber. The heterojunction solar cells show conversion efficiencies of up to 3.1% (actual) and 10.6% (nominal) at AM1.5 condition. In addition, the use of strong, environmentally benign carbon nanotube fibers provides excellent structural stability of the photovoltaic devices.
Expression analysis of LIM gene family in poplar, toward an updated phylogenetic classification
Authors: Arnaud Dominique , Déjardin Annabelle , Leplé Jean-Charles , Lesage-Descauses Marie-Claude , Boizot Nathalie , Villar Marc , Bénédetti Hélène , Pilate Gilles
Published: February 2012

Background

Plant LIM domain proteins may act as transcriptional activators of lignin biosynthesis and/or as actin binding and bundling proteins. PlantLIMgenes have evolved in phylogenetic subgroups differing in their expression profiles: in the whole plant or specifically in pollen. However, several poplarPtLIMgenes belong to uncharacterized monophyletic subgroups and the expression patterns of theLIMgene family in a woody plant have not been studied.

Findings

In this work, the expression pattern of the twelve duplicated poplarPtLIMgenes has been investigated by semi quantitative RT-PCR in different vegetative and reproductive tissues. As in other plant species, poplarPtLIMgenes were widely expressed in the tree or in particular tissues. Especially,PtXLIM1a, PtXLIM1bandPtWLIM1bgenes were preferentially expressed in the secondary xylem, suggesting a specific function in wood formation. Moreover, the expression of these genes and of thePtPLIM2agene was increased in tension wood. Western-blot analysis confirmed the preferential expression of PtXLIM1a protein during xylem differentiation and tension wood formation. Genes classified within the pollen specific PLIM2 and PLIM2-like subgroups were all strongly expressed in pollen but also in cottony hairs. Interestingly, pairs of duplicatedPtLIMgenes exhibited different expression patterns indicating subfunctionalisations in specific tissues.

Conclusions

The strong expression of severalLIMgenes in cottony hairs and germinating pollen, as well as in xylem fibers suggests an involvement of plant LIM domain proteins in the control of cell expansion. Comparisons of expression profiles of poplarLIMgenes with the published functions of closely related plantLIMgenes suggest conserved functions in the areas of lignin biosynthesis, pollen tube growth and mechanical stress response. Based on these results, we propose a novel nomenclature of poplar LIM domain proteins.
In-Silico screening of Pleconaril and its novel substituted derivatives with Neuraminidase of H1N1 Influenza strain
Authors: Hussain Basha Syed , Prasad R Nalini
Published: February 2012

Background

Neuraminidase (NA) is a prominent surface antigen of Influenza viruses, which helps in release of viruses from the host cells after replication. Anti influenza drugs such as Oseltamivir target a highly conserved active site of NA, which comprises of 8 functional residues (R118, D151, R152, R224, E276, R292, R371 and Y406) to restrict viral release from host cells, thus inhibiting its ability to cleave sialic acid residues on the cell membrane. Reports on the emergence of Oseltamivir resistant strains of H1N1 Influenza virus necessitated a search for alternative drug candidates. Pleconaril is a novel antiviral drug being developed by Schering-Plough to treat Picornaviridae infections, and is in its late clinical trials stage. Since, Pleconaril was designed to bind the highly conserved hydrophobic binding site on VP1 protein of Picorna viruses, the ability of Pleconaril and its novel substituted derivatives to bind highly conserved hydrophobic active site of H1N1 Neuraminidase, targeting which oseltamivir has been designed was investigated.

Result

310 novel substituted variants of Pleconaril were designed using Chemsketch software and docked into the highly conserved active site of NA using arguslab software. 198 out of 310 Pleconaril variants analyzed for docking with NA active site were proven effective, based on their free binding energy.

Conclusion

Pleconaril variants with F, Cl, Br, CH3, OH and aromatic ring substitutions were shown to be effective alternatives to Oseltamivir as anti influenza drugs.