bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on optimization algorithm of distribution network reconstruction based on cuckoo search-particle swarm optimization
Authors: Chen Jin , Li Bing , Miao Gang , Fang Gang , Xu Long
Published: December 2020

As the distribution network environment becomes more complex, improving the optimization effect and running time is the key to distribution network reconfiguration. In this paper, firstly, the minimum branch power loss is used as the evaluation index of the result, and the hybrid algorithm of PSO algorithm and CS algorithm is selected as the optimization method of the reconstruction problem. Secondly, the mathematical model of the distribution network introduced by DG is simplified, and the static distribution network weight is used. It is a simplified way of power flow solving by introducing DG into the distribution network model. Based on the CS-PSO algorithm, the optimization calculation of the distribution network reconfiguration with DG is carried out. Finally, a calculation example proves the rationality and effectiveness of the method.
Medium and Long-term Sales Forecast of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCV) Based on System Dynamics and Discrete Selection Model
Authors: Shao Liqing , Li Xudong , Wu Shouxi
Published: December 2020

Developing hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is an important direction for the transformation and upgrading of automobile industry, but its current development is not clear yet. This paper uses a discrete selection model and a system dynamics model to analyze the key factors affecting the sales of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and analyze the vehicle purchasing behavior of consumers. The medium and long-term sales volume of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is predicted in various typical scenarios. The forecast results show that the government subsidies and changes in the number of hydrogen refueling stations have a great influence on the medium and long-term sales of hydrogen fuel cells. The energy prices and the breakthrough in the core technologies of key components also have a certain influence on future sales.
Discussion on the Position and Function of Statistical Methods in Modern Economics
Authors: Liu Yulu
Published: December 2020

With the improvement of people’s living standards, the structure of society has gradually become more complex, and modern economics is even more unpredictable. No matter how the economic situation in China and internationally changes, we must adhere to the method of viewing problems through the perspective of modern economics. Skilled use of statistical methods in modern economics. Now, in view of the use of modern economic statistical methods in China, this paper analyzes the important position and significant role of statistical methods, and gradually strengthens the important position of statistical methods in China’s economic development.
Group Competition and Personality in an Experimental Public Goods Game
Authors: Zhang Junyang
Published: December 2020

Based on an experiment in Japan in 2008, this paper explores a new dimension of thinking. This paper introduces a variant form of public goods game, that is, ten participants compete for awards. It uses experimentation to consider behavioral and personality aspects, enabling us to explore new areas. In terms of behavior, awareness within and between groups is effective rather than a climate of non cooperation. In the aspect of personality, this paper studies the game from four aspects: preference for competition, preference for risk, enthusiasm for profit and trust in others. In a word, in a collective: the more people think about themselves, the less cooperative they are, and in most cases, they will not make profits; the more people who consider the collective, the more likely they are to cooperate, and in most cases, the higher their profits.
Effects of reciprocal hybridization on cadmium accumulation in F1 hybrids of Solanum diphyllum and Solanum nigrum
Authors: Liao Renyan , Ma LingYu
Published: December 2020

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of reciprocal hybridization on cadmium (Cd) accumulation in F1 hybrid of Solanum diphyllum and Solanum nigrum by Cd treatment (the final soil Cd concentration was 10 mg/kg). The results showed that the Cd content of F1 hybrid was between the parents. In stems, leaves and shoots, the Cd content of DN (S. diphyllum male × S. nigrum female) and ND (S. nigrum male × S. diphyllum female) F1 hybrid increased by 14.09% and 17.34%, 8.08% and 11.14%, 9.5% and 12.04% respectively compared with S. nigrum, and decreased by 13.34% and 10.87%, 6.52% and 3.88%, 7.44% and 5.0% respectively compared with S. diphyllum, with no significant difference in roots. Therefore, the accumulation ability of Cd in F1 hybrids was improved to a certain extent compared to S. nigrum, but decreased to a certain extent compared to S. diphyllum.
Effects of reciprocal hybridization on physiological characteristics in F1 hybrids of Solanum nigrum and Solanum diphyllum under cadmium stress
Authors: Liao Renyan , Chen Qian
Published: December 2020

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of cross-hybridization on biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble protein content of Solanum nigrum and Solanum diphyllum. The results showed that under cadmium (Cd) stress, the plant biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble protein content of hybrid ND (S. nigrum male × S. diphyllum female) and DN (S. diphyllum male × S. nigrum female) were all higher than those of S. nigrum. S. diphyllum was optimal, and hybrid ND was superior to hybrid DN. The POD activity of S. nigrum was higher than that of S. diphyllum, and the POD activity of hybrid ND and DN was significantly higher than that of parent.
Advances in research on the pathogenesis of depression based on signaling pathways
Authors: Chen Linbo
Published: December 2020

Depression is an affective disorder that endangers human health, and its main clinical feature is significant and persistent depression. The pathological mechanism of depression is complex and has not been fully elucidated so far. In recent years, with the further study of molecular biology techniques, depression is closely related with mood regulation, cognitive function, function changes of specific protein and abnormal cell signal transduction pathways in the brain, causing cell dysfunction, which affects the brain nerve cells apoptosis regeneration mechanism of trigger depressive symptoms. By referring to and sorting out relevant literatures, this paper comprehensively described the research progress of the signal transduction mechanism of cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and calmodulin kinase (CaMK) in depression, so as to provide reference for explaining the pathogenesis of depression and developing treatment plans.
Effect of Ce-modified Fe/ZSM-5 zeolite for selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia
Authors: Li Chenxi , Meng Fanwei , Ye Qing
Published: December 2020

A series of xCe-Fe/ZSM-5 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5 wt%) samples were prepared by the impregnation method, and the catalytic activity was evaluated by the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH3-SCR). The physicochemical properties of prepared samples were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunner-Emmet-Teller (BET) measurement, hydrogen temperatureprogrammed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ammonia temperatureprogrammed desorption (NH3-TPD) and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS). XRD and BET results demonstrated that Ce and Fe species were uniform dispersed on the surface of the ZSM-5 zeolite and the micropore structure of ZSM-5 was still maintained. H2-TPR analysis indicated that the doping of Ce created more isolated Ce4+ and Fe3+ on the surface of catalysts, and the abundant Ce4+ and Fe3+ could enhance the reduction ability of catalysts. XPS analysis suggested that the doping of Ce could generate more oxygen vacancies, thereby increasing the number of chemisorption oxygen. According to the in-situ DRIFTS and NH3-TPD results, Ce species provided more acidic sites, which is beneficial to the NH3 adsorption ability of ZSM-5 zeolite. Additionally, the abundant chemisorption oxygen, medium and strong Brønsted acid sites, excellent NH3 adsorption ability and outstanding reduction property are beneficial to the NH3-SCR reaction. Among all prepared samples, the 0.25Ce-Fe/ZSM-5 sample possessed the widest reaction temperature window and the best catalytic performance (NO conversion over 98% at 350-450 °C), which was associated with the abundant acid sites and remarkable adsorption ability of NH3, outstanding redox ability and abundant chemisorption oxygen after the doping of Ce.
Effect of temperature and NH4+-N influent concentration on the nitrogen removal effect of luffa cylindrical sponge carrier sequencing batch biofilm reactor
Authors: Li Yafeng , Wu Jianbo , Bai Yuemeng , Feng Ning
Published: December 2020

In order to improve the efficiency of biological nitrogen removal, the experiment used the luffa cylindrical sponge carrier sequencing batch biofilm reactor to treat domestic sewage, and it studied the temperature on the removal effect of TN in the sewage in the reactor and the changes of various types of nitrogen. The results showed that the TN treatment rate of the luffa cylindrical sponge carrier SBBR reached the peak at 30 °C, the removal rate was 82.25%, indicating that the luffa cylindrical sponge carrier SBBR is very suitable for the removal of nitrogen from domestic sewage.
Research Progress of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Cancer diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Sun ZhenBang , Chen XiuHong , Zhao LiHui
Published: December 2020

Because of its high incidence rate and difficult to treature, tumor has long been a hot topic in modern medical research. The traditional cancer therapy is still based on surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Although the medical technology has been optimized and innovated, it is constantly improved and tends to be mature. However, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have great side effects on human body, and the damage to normal tissues can not be underestimated, which brings great pain to patients.The development of new methods of tumor treatment has become a hot spot in the field of anti-tumor. In this paper, the diagnostic and therapeutic methods of graphene and its derivatives were reviewed.
Cancer Stem Cell as Target of CAR-T Cell Therapy
Authors: Li Xinran
Published: December 2020

Chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR-T) therapy has been studied intensively these years and is considered a promising cancer treatment. So far, Food and Drug Administration has approved 2 CAR-T cell therapy for patients with refractory leukemia and the result is positive. However, CAR-T cell therapy is still facing several challenges, including antigen escape, which will diminish the efficacy of treatment and lead to relapse. This review investigates the potential of cancer stem cell (CSC), a small group of cancer cells that contribute to tumorigenesis, metastasis, therapy resistance and relapse, as the target of CAR-T cell therapy, focusing on representative CSC surface markers: CD123, CD133 and CD44. Evidence indicates that CAR-T cell therapy directed by CSC surface markers is effective and feasible. Therefore, CSC targeted CAR-T cell therapy is a prospective treatment for cancer.
Exploiting epigenomic and sequence-based features for predicting enhancer-promoter interactions
Authors: Zhou Jianguo , Liu Renyang , Wu Zifeng , Zhang Jintao , Liu Junhui
Published: December 2020

How to discriminate distal regulatory elements to a gene target is challenging in understanding gene regulation and illustrating causes of complex diseases. Among known distal regulatory elements, enhancers interact with a target gene’s promoter to regulate its expression. Although the emergence of many machine learning approaches has been able to predict enhancer-promoter interactions (EPIs), global and precise prediction of EPIs at the genomic level still requires further exploration.In this paper, we develop an integrated EPIs prediction method, called EpPredictor with improved performance. By using various features of histone modifications, transcription factor binding sites, and DNA sequences among the human genome, a robust supervised machine learning algorithm, named LightGBM, is introduced to predict enhancer-promoter interactions (EPIs). Among six different cell lines, our method effectively predicts the enhancer-promoter interactions (EPIs) and achieves better performance in F1-score and AUC compared to other methods, such as TargetFinder and PEP.
Mechanism, Diagnosis, Medication, Care Guidance, and Health Promotion in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yue Dong
Published: December 2020

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most serious and prevalent medical conditions, manifested by memory loss and daily activity dysfunction. Many established hypotheses regarding AD, such as Aβ peptide aggregation and tau tanglements, have provided a fundamental basis. Despite the progress, AD still possesses irreversibility, and the current treatments generated towards AD only aimed to slow down progression. Therefore, further studies on AD mechanism, diagnosis, medication, care guidance, health care and health promotion are constantly conducted for enhancement and advancement. This review article briefly demonstrates long-established facts and sums up the recent discoveries on AD.
Impacts of a lower limb exoskeleton robot on anxious stroke patients
Authors: Zhang Jiyu , Yao Jiajia , Wang Tian , Zhao Qingyu , Qi Qi
Published: December 2020

To explore the intervention effect of exoskeleton robot training on anxiety of stroke patients. Methods 24 stroke patients with hemiplegia were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 12 cases in each group. Moreover, the robot group took the walking training with UGO 210, a lower limb exoskeleton walking rehabilitation, once per day, 30 minutes per time, a total of 20 times of treatment. Before the trial and at the end of the trial cycle, patients’ emotions were assessed using the Self-rating Anxiety scale (SAS), and the efficacy of the two groups was compared. Results: The scores of anxiety scale decreased in both groups (P <0.05), and there was no difference between the two groups (P <0.05). Conclusion: The use of exoskeleton robot can improve the anxiety of stroke patients, but there is no difference compared with the conventional walking training.
Research on the promotion path of network live broadcast to the sales of agricultural products
Authors: Chen Junjin , Wang Lin , Bu Le
Published: December 2020

Affected by the epidemic situation and driven by the new economic model, the influence of live broadcast has been expanding. The most significant feature of live selling of agricultural products is direct marketing in production areas, which prevents middlemen from making price differences. Through the analysis of the mode, type and content of the network live broadcast of agricultural products, the corresponding problems are summarized by means of case analysis and questionnaire survey. According to the characteristics of network live broadcast and agricultural products, this paper puts forward the corresponding marketing strategies, explores the way to improve the sales of agricultural products by using the live broadcast platform, and at the same time, it has a certain reference for Rural Revitalization.
Microfluidic Organ Chip for In Vitro Model of Blood Glucose Monitoring and Regulation
Authors: Wu Yingqiang , Wu Guo , Fu Pengcheng , Hu Meng
Published: December 2020

This study is based on our iGEM (international genetically engineered machine) 2019 competition project in which an in vitro model was established to simulate the human monitoring and regulation of blood glucose level using the “liver-on-a-chip” and a genetically engineered bacterium capable of producing proinsulin efficiently. The microfluidic device is able to accommodate cellular chassis loaded with biological parts for diabetic treatment. In addition, electrochemical biosensors were designed to detect the differential glucose concentration from the both chambers of the organ chip. The model can test different chemicals and organs, when the components in the channels and cells are altered. We have thus accomplished an in vitro model of how the proinsulin generated by engineered bacteria works on liver cells. In the near future, our research paradigm will be shifted to bacterial implantation in the human intestines to replace pancreas for the automatic secretion of insulin for diabetic patients.
Research on Observation Method of Building Displacement Based on Special Environment
Authors: Zhang Zipan , Wang Lei , Li Wenpeng , Zhu Pengpeng , Cui Hengle
Published: December 2020

In some building construction, due to the influence of many factors such as site environment, geological conditions, construction design plan. the construction site environment is complicated and the construction process is staggered. For deformation monitoring under such conditions, a single, conventional monitoring method (baseline method, direction intersection method, corner measurement, etc.) may be difficult to carry out. If according to the characteristics of the project, several monitoring methods are used for comprehensive monitoring. It can better solve the difficult problem of on-site monitoring, and can significantly improve operation efficiency. This paper takes construction monitoring as an example to discuss the research of building displacement observation method under special environment.
Molekulare und funktionale Abklärung hereditärer Schwerhörigkeiten am Beispiel des SLC26A4-Gens
Authors: Roesch Sebastian , Bernardinelli Emanuele , Wortmann Saskia , Mayr Johannes A. , Bader Ingrid , Schweighofer-Zwink Gregor , Rasp Gerd , Dossena Silvia
Published: December 2020

Die in den vergangenen Jahren zunehmende Verfügbarkeit molekularer Untersuchungstechniken führt zu einer steigenden Anzahl diagnostizierter genetischer Varianten im Genom untersuchter Patienten. Am Beispiel der hereditären Innenohrschwerhörigkeit wird bei Betrachtung der Vielzahl publizierter Berichte über die mögliche Beteiligung einzelner Gene an der Pathogenese deutlich, welche Herausforderungen die Zunahme molekularer Informationen für die Interpretation mit sich bringt.

In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden anhand des Beispiels des SLC26A4-Gens und den damit verbundenen Formen einer hereditären Innenohrschwerhörigkeit die derzeit vorhandenen Möglichkeiten einer systematischen Abklärung und Interpretation dargestellt. Neben einer Beschreibung der physiologischen Funktion des resultierenden Pendrin-Proteins werden molekulare Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten zur Beurteilung der Funktion im Fall von nachgewiesenen Genvarianten erläutert. Die im Rahmen eines primär wissenschaftlichen Ansatzes resultierenden Ergebnisse auf molekularer Ebene dienen im klinischen Alltag der Interpretation hinsichtlich des kausalen Zusammenhangs zwischen einer nachgewiesenen Genvariante (Genotyp) und der Innenohrschwerhörigkeit (Phänotyp). Schließlich wird auf die mögliche Notwendigkeit einer weiteren interdisziplinären Abklärung, z. B. mithilfe einer Perchlorat-Testung der Schilddrüse, sowie therapeutische Möglichkeiten eingegangen.
Unusual, Radical Treatment of Type A Aortic Dissection: A Case Report
Authors: Benvenga Rossella M. , Bellino Michele , Mastrogiovanni Generoso , Triggiani Donato , Citro Rodolfo , Masiello Paolo , Galasso Gennaro , Piscione Federico , Iesu Severino
Published: December 2020

Type A aortic dissection, according to Stanford classification, is a surgical emergency with high morbidity and carries 56% of in-hospital mortality when surgical intervention is not performed. The surgical mortality at 30 days is 10 to 20%. The therapeutic goals are to replace the diseased ascending aorta and to treat or to monitor the distal aortic patent false lumen. When the dissection involves the aortic root and the architecture of aortic valve is normal, the surgical techniques used could be multiple: reinforce the aortic root and spare the native aortic valve or replace the aortic valve and the aortic root. The Florida sleeve technique has been developed to treat the aortic aneurysm, sparing the aortic valve in patients with connective tissue disease. Some case reports have described the use of this technique to treat an acute aortic dissection. In the following case, we present a single stage repair of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and proximal intrathoracic aorta in a patient with Type A aortic dissection through the contemporaneous use of two techniques: Florida sleeve and Vascutek “Thoraflex” hybrid prosthesis. The use of these two techniques allows the repair/replacement of the proximal intrathoracic aorta, the sparing of the native aortic valve, the employment of a hybrid prosthesis to replace the supraortic vessels, and the creation of a descending aortic landing zone for later, distal intervention.
Risk of Acute Kidney Injury after Intravenous Contrast Media Administration in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism: A Propensity-Matched Study
Authors: Elias Adi , Aronson Doron
Published: December 2020

Background Although computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the preferred diagnostic procedure in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE), some patients undergo ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) lung scan due to concern of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods The study used a cohort of 4,565 patients with suspected PE. Patients who received contrast during CTPA were compared with propensity score-matched unexposed control patients who underwent V/Q lung scanning. AKI was defined as ≥50% increase in serum creatinine during the first 72 hours after either CTPA or V/Q lung scan.

Results Classification and regression tree analysis demonstrated that baseline creatinine was the strongest determinant of the decision to use CTPA. Propensity-score matching yielded 969 patient pairs. There were 44 AKI events (4.5%) in patients exposed to contrast media (CM) and 33 events (3.4%) in patients not exposed to CM (risk difference: 1.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.6 to 2.9%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.39, 95% CI: 0.86–2.26; p = 0.18). Using different definitions for AKI and extending the time window for AKI diagnosis gave similar results. In a sensitivity analysis with the inverse probability weighting method, the OR for AKI in the CTPA versus V/Q scan was 1.14 (95% CI: 0.72–1.78; p = 0.58).

Conclusion Intravenous contrast material administration was not associated with an increased risk of AKI in patients with suspected PE. Given the diagnostic superiority of CTPA, these results are reassuring with regard to the use of CTPE in patients with suspected PE perceived to be at risk for AKI.
Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry Identifies Activated Factor IX-Induced molecular Changes in Activated Factor VIII
Authors: van Galen Josse , Freato Nadia , Przeradzka Małgorzata A. , Ebberink Eduard H.T.M. , Boon-Spijker Mariëtte , van der Zwaan Carmen , van den Biggelaar Maartje , Meijer Alexander B.
Published: December 2020

Hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) was employed to gain insight into the changes in factor VIII (FVIII) that occur upon its activation and assembly with activated factor IX (FIXa) on phospholipid membranes. HDX-MS analysis of thrombin-activated FVIII (FVIIIa) revealed a marked increase in deuterium incorporation of amino acid residues along the A1–A2 and A2–A3 interface. Rapid dissociation of the A2 domain from FVIIIa can explain this observation. In the presence of FIXa, enhanced deuterium incorporation at the interface of FVIIIa was similar to that of FVIII. This is compatible with the previous finding that FIXa contributes to A2 domain retention in FVIIIa. A2 domain region Leu631-Tyr637, which is not part of the interface between the A domains, also showed a marked increase in deuterium incorporation in FVIIIa compared with FVIII. Deuterium uptake of this region was decreased in the presence of FIXa beyond that observed in FVIII. This implies that FIXa alters the conformation or directly interacts with this region in FVIIIa. Replacement of Val634 in FVIII by alanine using site-directed mutagenesis almost completely impaired the ability of the activated cofactor to enhance the activity of FIXa. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that the rates of A2 domain dissociation from FVIIIa and FVIIIa-Val634Ala were indistinguishable. HDX-MS analysis showed, however, that FIXa was unable to retain the A2 domain in FVIIIa-Val634Ala. The combined results of this study suggest that the local structure of Leu631-Tyr637 is altered by FIXa and that this region contributes to the cofactor function of FVIII.
Arthroscopic Removal of an Intra-Articular Migrating Plant Awn Associated with Septic Shoulder Joint Arthritis in a Dog
Authors: Camarasa Juan J. , Travetti Olga , Vallefuoco Rosario
Published: December 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, advanced imaging findings and outcomes of arthroscopic treatment of a bacterial septic shoulder arthritis caused by the penetration of a migrating plant awn in a dog.

Case Report A 10-month-old, 11 kg, sexually intact male Cocker Spaniel was diagnosed with septic arthritis of the right scapulohumeral joint. Computed tomography revealed marked articular effusion and thickening of the capsule of the right shoulder joint. Ultrasound of the shoulder identified a bilinear hyperechoic structure located within the joint consistent with a plant (grass) awn. Arthroscopy was used for foreign body removal. Antibiotic treatment was prescribed according to bacteriologic sensitivity tests. Treatment was successful: the dog completely recovered and under high levels of activity showed neither clinical signs nor recurrence of lameness on follow-up at 6 and 24 weeks after surgery.

Conclusion Migrating plant awn can be the cause of septic arthritis in a dog. The combination of advanced imaging techniques and arthroscopy allowed accurate diagnosis, reduced the risk of surgical complications and shortened recovery time in this patient. Considering the benefits of minimally invasive techniques, arthroscopy represents an excellent option for the treatment of dogs with similar intra-articular foreign bodies.
Ruptured Aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva Causing Pulmonary Embolism: A Rare Association
Authors: Barroso Francisco V. C. , Takakura Isabela T. , Reis Ricardo C. , Valente Acrisio S. , Lima Neiberg A. , Gomes Camila R. F. , Justo Neto Júnior José , Sobrinho Carlos R. M. Rodrigues
Published: December 2020

Aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva are rare. Unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is usually asymptomatic and rarely presents as right ventricular outflow obstruction, myocardial infarction as a result of coronary artery compression, conduction disturbances, or endocarditis. They have only been reported as the presumed source of embolism in six cases. We report a patient with right sinus of Valsalva rupture to the right atrium and embolization of aneurysm contents to the pulmonary vasculature.
Fandom and identity construction: an analysis of Thai fans’ engagement with Twitter
Authors: Smutradontri Pitchapa , Gadavanij Savitri
Published: December 2020

In our digital era, fandom has become a social and cultural phenomenon, notably in Thailand. Fans are dedicated, and creating fan text (i.e., text production made by fans about their object of fandom) is one way of showing dedication and passion to the fan base. This article explores how Thai fans engage with fan text on popular social media platforms such as Twitter, and how fandom relates to identity construction among Thai fans who are online media users. The results from a selected sample comprising 100 fan tweets from four different sources, suggests five types of fan tweets, including: hypothetical interpretation, fan art, narrative concerning an anecdote regarding the source text, expression of personal opinions and feelings, and fan parody. Moreover, this article discusses fans’ shared lexicon called ‘fan talk,’ and how fans position themselves as relatives and friends of the source texts. This article further discusses the humorous nature and the transcultural elements found in fan tweets, especially the ‘Thai-ifize’ method that fans use in creating fan tweets.
High aspect ratio rectangular pixels may increase the resolution of X-ray telescopes
Authors: Ishimaru Matthew
Published: December 2020

Sensor geometry can be used to tune the properties of AC-biased high resistance transition edge sensors.
Turbulence induces interference in coherent light
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: December 2020

Optical correlation measurements catch interference in coherent light from a Young’s double-slit interferometer system.
Optimization of the pre-tension and separation distance for measurement of the dynamic elastic modulus and macromolecular orientation of a polypropylene monofilament via the sonic velocity method
Authors: Liu Fangyi , Liu Xin , Ai Wei , You Song , Wang Yunfei , Yang Hongjun , Bai Zikui , Liu Hongtao
Published: December 2020

Using a fiber orientation degree measurement instrument (i.e., a dynamic modulus tester), 28 groups of averaged sonic pulse travel times in a polypropylene monofilament were measured and recorded under five pre-tensions across eight separation distances. The zero-time (or delay time) T0, sonic velocity C, sonic modulus E, Hermans orientation factor F, and orientation angle θ were calculated via two- and multi-point methods. The good agreement observed between the scatter plots of calculated data and the regression lines shows that the multi-point method provides reliable, accurate determination of the sonic modulus (or the dynamic elastic modulus) and the orientation parameters. Surprisingly, the zero-time for sonic pulse propagation depends significantly on the separation distance in practice, although it does not in theory. For easy and rapid measurement or relative comparisons using the two-point method, the optimal range of pre-tension is 0.1 gf/den–0.2 gf/den, and the optimal separation distances are 200 mm and 400 mm. The two-point method is appropriate for industrial applications, while because of its greater accuracy, the multi-point method is preferred for scientific research.
Two-fluid discrete Boltzmann model for compressible flows: Based on ellipsoidal statistical Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook
Authors: Zhang Dejia , Xu Aiguo , Zhang Yudong , Li Yingjun
Published: December 2020

A two-fluid Discrete Boltzmann Model (DBM) for compressible flows based on the ellipsoidal statistical Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook is presented. The model has a flexible Prandtl number or specific heat ratio. Mathematically, the model is composed of two coupled Discrete Boltzmann Equations (DBEs). Each DBE describes one component of the fluid. Physically, the model is equivalent to a macroscopic fluid model based on Navier–Stokes (NS) equations and supplemented by a coarse-grained model for thermodynamic non-equilibrium behaviors. To obtain a flexible Prandtl number, a coefficient is introduced in the ellipsoidal statistical distribution function to control the viscosity. To obtain a flexible specific heat ratio, a parameter is introduced in the energy kinetic moments to control the extra degree of freedom. For binary mixture, the correspondence between the macroscopic fluid model and the DBM may be several-to-one. Five typical benchmark tests are used to verify and validate the model. Some interesting non-equilibrium results, which are not available in the NS model or the single-fluid DBM, are presented.
Midtown splines: An optimal charge assignment for electrostatics calculations
Authors: Predescu Cristian , Bergdorf Michael , Shaw David E.
Published: December 2020

Transferring particle charges to and from a grid plays a central role in the particle–mesh algorithms widely used to evaluate the electrostatic energy in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The computational cost of this transfer process represents a substantial part of the overall time required for simulation and is primarily determined by the size of the support (the set of grid nodes at which the transfer function is evaluated). The accuracy of the resulting approximation depends on the form of the transfer function, of which several have been proposed, as well as the size and shape of its support. Here, we show how to derive the transfer function that yields maximal asymptotic accuracy for a given support in the limit of fine grid resolution, finding that all such functions are splines, and we determine these functions (which we refer to as midtown splines) for a variety of choices of support to find optimally efficient transfer functions at accuracy levels relevant to MD simulations. We describe midtown splines that achieve fourth- and sixth-order accuracy in the grid spacing while requiring a support size of 32 and 88 grid nodes, respectively, compared to the 64 and 216 nodes required by the most widely used transfer functions (B-splines). At accuracy levels typically used in MD simulations, the use of midtown splines thus cuts the time required for charge spreading by roughly a factor of two.
The Hubbard-U correction and optical properties of d metal oxide photocatalysts
Authors: Brown Joshua J. , Page Alister J.
Published: December 2020

We report a systematic investigation of individual and multisite Hubbard-U corrections for the electronic, structural, and optical properties of the metal titanate oxide d0 photocatalysts SrTiO3 and rutile/anatase TiO2. Accurate bandgaps for these materials can be reproduced with local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation exchange-correlation density functionals via a continuous series of empirically derived Ud and Up combinations, which are relatively insensitive to the choice of functional. On the other hand, lattice parameters are much more sensitive to the choice of Ud and Up, but in a systematic way that enables the Ud and Up corrections to be used to qualitatively gauge the extent of self-interaction error in the electron density. Modest Ud corrections (e.g., 4 eV–5 eV) yield the most reliable dielectric response functions for SrTiO3 and are comparable to the range of Ud values derived via linear response approaches. For r-TiO2 and a-TiO2, however, the Ud,p corrections that yield accurate bandgaps fail to accurately describe both the parallel and perpendicular components of the dielectric response function. Analysis of individual Ud and Up corrections on the optical properties of SrTiO3 suggests that the most consequential of the two individual corrections is Ud, as it predominately determines the accuracy of the dominant excitation from O-2p to the Ti-3d t2g/eg orbitals. Up, on the other hand, can be used to shift the entire optical response uniformly to higher frequencies. These results will assist high-throughput and machine learning approaches to screening photoactive materials based on d0 photocatalysts.
First-principles study on the electron and phonon transport properties of layered Bi2OX2 (X = S, Se)
Authors: Song Hong-Yue , Ge Xu-Jin , Lü Jing-Tao
Published: December 2020

The electron and phonon transport properties of layered bismuth oxychalcogenides Bi2OX2 (X = S, Se) are studied by combining density functional theory calculation with the Boltzmann transport theory. It is found that Bi2OS2 and Bi2OSe2 are semiconductors with direct bandgaps of 0.86 eV and 0.63 eV, respectively. A large Seebeck coefficient is found in both p- and n-doped Bi2OX2 (X = S, Se) at 300 K together with their low phonon thermal conductivity (κph). Through a detailed analysis of the phonon dispersion relation, relaxation time, and joint density of states, we find that the low frequency modes contribute dominantly to κph than the high frequency modes. Owing to the high Seebeck coefficient and the low κph, the largest figure of merit (ZT) value can reach 0.5 for the Bi2OX2. The results are useful for further tuning the thermoelectric properties of Bi2OX2 (X = S, Se).
Challenges, myths, and opportunities in hot carrier solar cells
Authors: Ferry D. K. , Goodnick S. M. , Whiteside V. R. , Sellers I. R.
Published: December 2020

Hot carrier solar cells hold the promise of efficiency significantly greater than that predicted by the Shockley–Queisser limit. Consequently, there has been considerable effort to create cells that achieve this goal, but so far, this has not been realized. There are many reasons for this. Here, the principles of the concept will be discussed along with some myths that hinder the future development of such devices. Also, a new approach to the hot carrier solar cell is described along with some recent experimental results that support such an approach.
Linear isotherm regularities of solid sodium under pressure
Authors: Li Huaming , Ding Hao , Tian Yanting , Sun Yongli , Fang Shiwei
Published: December 2020

We propose several new regularities in solid sodium from the available experimental data and calculated thermodynamic properties along the isotherms with the equation of state (EOS) of the modified Holzapfel form. Z−1V2 is a linear function in terms of V2 with different intersection points for the isotherms at high temperatures within the considered pressure range, where Z and V are the compressibility factor and molar volume. The calculated isothermal bulk modulus BT and internal pressure Pint of solid sodium vary almost linearly with pressure. Both the calculated reduced isothermal bulk modulus B*=BTVRT and the parameter Zint=PintVRT from the modified Holzapfel EOS are observed to be linear with respect to V−2 with temperature T and gas constant R, which is verified by the derived analytical expression from the derived linear isothermal regularity EOS. In addition, analytical expressions of the thermodynamic properties of solid sodium are derived from the linear isothermal regularity EOS, such as internal energy, entropy, enthalpy, free energy, and heat capacity.
A high order spectral difference-based phase field lattice Boltzmann method for incompressible two-phase flows
Authors: Ma Chao , Wu Jie , Zhang Tongwei
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a high order spectral difference-based phase field lattice Boltzmann method (SD-PFLBM) is proposed for simulating incompressible two-phase flows. The spectral difference method (SDM) is used to discretize the convection term and the gradient term of the discrete Boltzmann equation for obtaining the flow field. Moreover, the SDM is also adopted to discretize the convection term and the high order partial derivative term of the Cahn–Hilliard equation for interface tracking. The proposed method can overcome the drawback of the standard LBM such as tie-up between the time step and the mesh spacing. Meanwhile, the present method still holds the locality of the standard LBM because each cell only needs its own information to complete the discretization. Numerical validations of the proposed method are implemented by simulating rigid-body rotation of Zalesak’s disk, layered Poiseuille flows, bubble deformation in shear flow, Rayleigh–Taylor instability, and bubble merging. More satisfactory interface shapes and flow properties can be achieved as compared with the published data in the literature. In addition, the convergence studies are also given, which prove that the current SD-PFLBM can achieve high order accuracy by increasing the order of cell local polynomials.
Buoyancy effects on turbulent displacement of viscoplastic fluids from strongly eccentric horizontal annuli
Authors: Bizhani M. , Frigaard I. A.
Published: December 2020

We present an experimental and numerical study of the turbulent displacement of viscoplastic fluids in a horizontal eccentric annulus. Several experiments where a weighted Newtonian fluid displaces a yield stress fluid under a turbulent flow condition are presented and discussed. These are also used to validate the turbulent displacement model that we use in this study. The model simulator is used to study the mechanisms by which buoyancy influences turbulent displacement in more detail and outside of the range of our experiments. Extreme cases where the generated wall shear stress of the displacing fluid is smaller than the yield stress of the displaced Carbopol are investigated. The results show that buoyancy is ineffective in countering the tendency of the fluid to disperse along the wide gap of the annulus. In both model and experiment, the outcome of the displacement appears to be controlled by the yield stress of the in situ fluid and the eccentricity of the annulus. For fully turbulent flows, the viscosity of the displaced fluid has a negligible effect, and having also negated buoyancy, there appears to be no mechanism to stabilize the turbulent displacement of a yield stress fluid in a severely eccentric horizontal annulus. For the underlying industrial process, this means that extreme caution should be used in designing turbulent flow displacements for horizontal wells. There are two solutions: (i) increase the flow rate to generate sufficient stresses (usually not possible due to pump and formation fracture pressure limits) and (ii) ensure a better centralized annulus (unpopular because of operational constraints).
Increasing the rate of the hydrogen evolution reaction in neutral water with protic buffer electrolytes
Authors: Clary Kayla E. , Karayilan Metin , McCleary-Petersen Keelee C. , Petersen Haley A. , Glass Richard S. , Pyun Jeffrey , Lichtenberger Dennis L.
Published: December 2020

Significance

Today, hydrogen (H
2
) is necessary for many major industrial processes, but unfortunately H
2
is produced mainly from steam reforming of fossil fuels. The future demand for hydrogen is increasing, as it provides a convenient means to store electrical energy from the growing deployment of clean and renewable energy sources, but current electrolysis methods for hydrogen production are comparatively inefficient and not amenable to large-scale implementation. Herein, we investigate a method to increase the rate of hydrogen production from neutral water by electrocatalysts that is facile and inexpensive, and yet can be large in effect. The method exploits a cationic proton donor functionality in the electrolyte, as demonstrated for both a unique water-soluble metallopolymer catalyst and a standard platinum catalyst.
A relevance-theoretic account of translating jokes with sexual innuendos inModern Familyinto Spanish
Authors: Díaz-Pérez Francisco Javier
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse jokes containing sexual innuendos in ambiguous utterances from the first two seasons ofModern Familyand their translation into Spanish using relevance theory. More often than not, the ambiguity and sexual innuendos are also reflected in the Spanish versions analysed. Hence, in all those cases, in relevance-theoretical terms, the cognitive effects intended in the source text (ST), including humorous ones, will also be accessible to target text (TT) viewers. It, therefore, follows that the pragmatic scenario is preserved in the TT, sometimes at the expense of a sacrifice in the semantic scenario. In audio-visual texts, ambiguity may also impact the visual channel. Although in some cases the visual component may render the translator’s task difficult, in others it may act as an aid to both the translator and TT viewer, contributing to the yielding of humorous effects.
Admonishing
Authors: Kádár Dániel Z. , House Juliane , Liu Fengguang , Song Yulong
Published: December 2020

This paper examines the pragmatic properties of what we define as a ritual act of ‘admonishing’. We argue that admonishing
represents a historically embedded realisation type of the speech act Suggest. We explore admonishing in ancient Chinese political and
governance texts dated before the 2nd century BC. The results of our analysis show that admonishing often not only affords but even triggers
paradoxical pragmatic behaviour. This paradox stems from the fact that, in many historical linguacultures like the ancient Chinese,
admonishing was directed at a recipient, most typically a ruler, who was more highly ranked than the admonisher himself. While this context
normally precluded threatening the recipient’s face, admonishing was realised in a ritual frame in which such a face threat was
deindividuated. In pragmatics, a research gap exists in the study of the historical act of admonishing, and so the current study fills a
knowledge gap.
Adsorption mechanism of the environmentally friendly insulating gas C5F10O and its main decomposition products on a Cu (1 1 1) surface
Authors: Zeng Fuping , Feng Xiaoxuan , Lei Zhicheng , Wu Siying , She Congdong , Miao Yulong , Zhang Shiling , Tang Ju
Published: December 2020

The perfluoroketone C5F10O, not only has good environmental compatibility, but also has excellent insulation properties and has the potential to replace SF6 in medium and low voltage switchgear. This paper focuses on the compatibility of C5F10O and its main decomposition products with the copper material inside the equipment and specifically constructs several adsorption models of C5F10O and its main decomposition products on a Cu (1 1 1) surface. The adsorption mechanism was studied from a system structure, electron density distribution and density of states perspective. The results showed that C5F10O mainly adsorbed chemically on the Cu surface through carbonyl oxygen atoms. Its maximum adsorption energy is −24.48 kcal mol−1, with electrons transferring from the copper surface to the adsorbed oxygen atom; and the adsorption energies of the main breakdown products CF4, C2F6, C3F8, C3F6, CF2O, C2F4O and CO2 with the surface are all less than −9.56 kcal mol−1. There is no obvious electron transfer between these decomposition gases and the copper surface, and thus, they belong to physical adsorption; while the adsorption energies of C3F6O, C2F4 and CO in the top, bridge and Hcc sites are respectively −9.661 kcal mol−1, −14.651 kcal mol−1 and −25.489 kcal mol−1, electrons on the copper surface transfer to the oxygen atom of C3F6O and carbon atoms of C2F4 and CO, forming stable chemical bonds, which belong to chemical adsorption. Through further analysis of the electron density of states, it is found that C5F10O and C3F6O bonded to the copper surface mainly by p orbitals on carbonyl oxygen atom and the pseudogaps are 3.2 eV and 2.5 eV. C2F4 and CO bonded to the copper surface by sp hybrid orbitals of carbon atoms, with a pseudogap of about 4 eV. Based on the above analysis, it can be seen that C5F10O and its main decomposition products C3F6O, C2F4 and CO have poor compatibility with metal copper.
Mechanical Characteristics of Geopolymer Mortar in Ambient Air and Immersion Curing
Authors: Sneha S S , Ramaswamy K P
Published: December 2020

Geopolymer concrete is an environmentally sound alternative to the conventional concrete, which could assist in reducing the carbon footprint that augments the process of global warming. The current work presents a comparative study on the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of geopolymer mortar mixes at activator modulus (SiO2/Na2O) of 1.25, 1.50 and 1.75 subjected to ambient air curing and immersion curing. The dynamic modulus of elasticity determined from the UPV results are analogized with the compressive strength. The study also aims at developing economic geopolymer mortar with acceptable mechanical properties. The three mixes considered for the study include geopolymer mortar with 100% slag, 50% slag and 50% fly ash and 50% red mud and 50% slag. The molarity of alkaline solution and sand-binder ratio is fixed as 8M and 1.50 respectively. The results indicate that the immersion cured specimens of the mix with 50% slag and 50% fly ash corresponding to the activator modulus 1.50 has satisfactory strength performance. The dynamic modulus of elasticity was found to be higher for the immersion cured specimens.