bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Career orientations of medical students: A Q-methodology study
Authors: Gennissen Lokke , Stegers-Jager Karen , van Exel Job , Fluit Lia , de Graaf Jacqueline , de Hoog Matthijs
Published: May 2021

Introduction

In pursuing optimal health care, an adequate medical workforce is crucial. However, many countries are struggling with a misalignment of students’ specialty preferences and societal needs regarding the future medical workforce. In order to bridge this gap, it is relevant to gain a better understanding of the medical career choice processes. We explored career orientations among medical students in the Netherlands and their implications for future career choices.

Methods

We used Q-methodology, a hybrid qualitative–quantitative method, to explore career orientations of medical students. Medical students from two universities in the Netherlands, varying in year of progression of medical school, ranked 62 statements with regard to importance for their future career choice. Participants explained their ranking in an interview and completed a questionnaire regarding demographics. Using by-person factor analysis we identified groups of individuals with similar orientations.

Results

Twenty-four students participated in this study, resulting in three distinct orientations towards future careers: a first career orientation that highly values lifelong self-development; a second that values work-life balance, and a third that was more concerned with achievement and recognition of their work.

Conclusion

Medical students’ career orientations differed in the importance of challenge, work-life balance, and need for recognition. This knowledge can help to design interventions to shift career choices of medical students closer towards future needs in society. Offering career coaching to students that challenges them to explore and prioritise their values, needs and motivations, for example using the materials form this study as a tool, and stimulates them to consider specialties accordingly, could be a promising strategy for guiding students to more long-term satisfying careers.
Comprehensive influence of topological location and neighbor information on identifying influential nodes in complex networks
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Yang Qing , Liu Meizhen , Ma Xiaojian
Published: May 2021

Identifying the influential nodes of complex networks is now seen as essential for optimizing the network structure or efficiently disseminating information through networks. Most of the available methods determine the spreading capability of nodes based on their topological locations or the neighbor information, the degree of node is usually used to denote the neighbor information, and the k-shell is used to denote the locations of nodes, However, k-shell does not provide enough information about the topological connections and position information of the nodes. In this work, a new hybrid method is proposed to identify highly influential spreaders by not only considering the topological location of the node but also the neighbor information. The percentage of triangle structures is employed to measure both the connections among the neighbor nodes and the location of nodes, the contact distance is also taken into consideration to distinguish the interaction influence by different step neighbors. The comparison between our proposed method and some well-known centralities indicates that the proposed measure is more highly correlated with the real spreading process, Furthermore, another comprehensive experiment shows that the top nodes removed according to the proposed method are relatively quick to destroy the network than other compared semi-local measures. Our results may provide further insights into identifying influential individuals according to the structure of the networks.
Real-life clinical sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test in symptomatic patients
Authors: Kortela Elisa , Kirjavainen Vesa , Ahava Maarit J. , Jokiranta Suvi T. , But Anna , Lindahl Anna , Jääskeläinen Anu E. , Jääskeläinen Annemarjut J. , Järvinen Asko , Jokela Pia , Kallio-Kokko Hannimari , Loginov Raisa , Mannonen Laura , Ruotsalainen Eeva , Sironen Tarja , Vapalahti Olli , Lappalainen Maija , Kreivi Hanna-Riikka , Jarva Hanna , Kurkela Satu , Kekäläinen Eliisa
Published: May 2021

Background

Understanding the false negative rates of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing is pivotal for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic and it has implications for patient management. Our aim was to determine the real-life clinical sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR.

Methods

This population-based retrospective study was conducted in March–April 2020 in the Helsinki Capital Region, Finland. Adults who were clinically suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection and underwent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, with sufficient data in their medical records for grading of clinical suspicion were eligible. In addition to examining the first RT-PCR test of repeat-tested individuals, we also used high clinical suspicion for COVID-19 as the reference standard for calculating the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR.

Results

All 1,194 inpatients (mean [SD] age, 63.2 [18.3] years; 45.2% women) admitted to COVID-19 cohort wards during the study period were included. The outpatient cohort of 1,814 individuals (mean [SD] age, 45.4 [17.2] years; 69.1% women) was sampled from epidemiological line lists by systematic quasi-random sampling. The sensitivity (95% CI) for laboratory confirmed cases (repeat-tested patients) was 85.7% (81.5–89.1%) inpatients; 95.5% (92.2–97.5%) outpatients, 89.9% (88.2–92.1%) all. When also patients that were graded as high suspicion but never tested positive were included in the denominator, the sensitivity (95% CI) was: 67.5% (62.9–71.9%) inpatients; 34.9% (31.4–38.5%) outpatients; 47.3% (44.4–50.3%) all.

Conclusions

The clinical sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing was only moderate at best. The relatively high false negative rates of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing need to be accounted for in clinical decision making, epidemiological interpretations, and when using RT-PCR as a reference for other tests.
Multi-stakeholder perspective of courier service quality in B2C e-commerce
Authors: Gulc Aleksandra
Published: May 2021

Under conditions of the rapidly developing e-commerce sector especially during pandemic, ensuring high quality of courier service is essential both for clients, as well as courier companies. However, the literature lacks research linking the perspective of clients and organization in the context of courier service quality. The study aims to identify the factors determining courier service quality, their functions and interrelationships in business-to-customer (B2C) e-commerce. The main effect of research is the relational model, which is an original and complex approach to courier service quality considering the multi-stakeholder perspective of an online shop, a courier company and an e-customer. Apart from scientific contribution, the model can be used into managerial practice to formulate the recommendations for e-commerce and courier service sector. The research process involved using the quantitative method (electronic surveys conducted among e-shops and e-clients) and the qualitative method (in-depth-interviews carried out among courier enterprises). Finally, based on the empirical research results, the structural analysis was used to develop the model. As a result, the following groups of factors were distinguished that determine the quality of courier services: crucial, determinant, result, autonomous and external factors.
Modelling the cost effectiveness of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk stratification strategies in the community setting
Authors: Congly Stephen E. , Shaheen Abdel Aziz , Swain Mark G.
Published: May 2021

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent worldwide. Identifying high-risk patients is critical to best utilize limited health care resources. We established a community-based care pathway using 2D ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) to identify high risk patients with NAFLD. Our objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of various non-invasive strategies to correctly identify high-risk patients.

Methods

A decision-analytic model was created using a payer’s perspective for a hypothetical patient with NAFLD. FIB-4 [≥1.3], NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) [≥-1.455], SWE [≥8 kPa], transient elastography (TE) [≥8 kPa], and sequential strategies with FIB-4 or NFS followed by either SWE or TE were compared to identify patients with either significant (≥F2) or advanced fibrosis (≥F3). Model inputs were obtained from local data and published literature. The cost/correct diagnosis of advanced NAFLD was obtained and univariate sensitivity analysis was performed.

Results

For ≥F2 fibrosis, FIB-4/SWE cost $148.75/correct diagnosis while SWE cost $276.42/correct diagnosis, identifying 84% of patients correctly. For ≥F3 fibrosis, using FIB-4/SWE correctly identified 92% of diagnoses and dominated all other strategies. The ranking of strategies was unchanged when stratified by normal or abnormal ALT. For ≥F3 fibrosis, the cost/correct diagnosis was less in the normal ALT group.

Conclusions

SWE based strategies were the most cost effective for diagnosing ≥F2 fibrosis. For ≥F3 fibrosis, FIB-4 followed by SWE was the most effective and least costly strategy. Further evaluation of the timing of repeating non-invasive strategies are required to enhance the cost-effective management of NAFLD.
Thoracolumbar interfascial plane block for postoperative analgesia in spine surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Yu , Bi Yaodan , Ma Jun , Liu Bin
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) block has been discussed widely in spine surgery. The aim of our study is to evaluate analgesic efficacy and safety of TLIP block in spine surgery.

Method

We performed a quantitative systematic review. Randomized controlled trials that compared TLIP block to non-block care or wound infiltration for patients undergoing spine surgery and took the pain or morphine consumption as a primary or secondary outcome were included. The primary outcome was cumulative opioid consumption during 0-24-hour. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain intensity, rescue analgesia requirement, and adverse events.

Result

9 randomized controlled trials with 539 patients were included for analysis. Compared with non-block care, TLIP block was effective to decrease the opioid consumption (WMD -16.00; 95%CI -19.19, -12.81; p<0.001; I2= 71.6%) for the first 24 hours after the surgery. TLIP block significantly reduced postoperative pain intensity at rest or movement at various time points compared with non-block care, and reduced rescue analgesia requirement ((RR 0.47; 95%CI 0.30, 0.74; p = 0.001; I2= 0.0%) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR 0.58; 95%CI 0.39, 0.86; p = 0.006; I2= 25.1%). Besides, TLIP block is superior to wound infiltration in terms of opioid consumption (WMD -17.23, 95%CI -21.62, -12.86; p<0.001; I2= 63.8%), and the postoperative pain intensity at rest was comparable between TLIP block and wound infiltration.

Conclusion

TLIP block improved analgesic efficacy in spine surgery compared with non-block care. Furthermore, current literature supported the TLIP block was superior to wound infiltration in terms of opioid consumption.
Risk factors for acute kidney injury and mortality in high risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Serraino Giuseppe Filiberto , Provenzano Michele , Jiritano Federica , Michael Ashour , Ielapi Nicola , Mastroroberto Pasquale , Andreucci Michele , Serra Raffaele
Published: May 2021

Background

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) represents a clinical condition with poor prognosis. The incidence of AKI in hospitalized patients was about 22–57%. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery (CS) are particularly exposed to AKI because of the related oxidative stress, inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion damage. Hence, the risk profile of patients undergoing CS who develop AKI and who are consequently at increased mortality risk deserves further investigation.

Methods

We designed a retrospective study examining consecutive patients undergoing any type of open-heart surgery from January to December 2018. Patients with a history of AKI were excluded. AKI was diagnosed according to KDIGO criteria. Univariate associations between clinical variables and AKI were tested using logistic regression analysis. Variable thresholds maximizing the association with AKI were measured with the Youden index. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess predictors of AKI through backward selection. Mortality risk factors were assessed through the Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

We studied 158 patients (mean age 51.2±9.7 years) of which 74.7% were males. Types of procedures performed were: isolated coronary artery bypass (CABG, 50.6%), valve (28.5%), aortic (3.2%) and combined (17.7%) surgery. Overall, incidence of AKI was 34.2%. At multivariable analysis, young age (p = 0.016), low blood glucose levels (p = 0.028), estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (p = 0.007), pH (p = 0.008), type of intervention (p = 0.031), prolonged extracorporeal circulation (ECC, p = 0.028) and cross-clamp (p = 0.021) times were associated with AKI. The threshold for detecting AKI were 91 and 51 minutes for ECC and cross-clamp times, respectively. At survival analysis, the presence of AKI, prolonged ECC and cross-clamp times, and low blood glucose levels forecasted mortality.

Conclusions

AKI is common among CS patients and associates with shortened life-expectancy. Several pre-operative and intra-operative predictors are associated with AKI and future mortality. Future studies, aiming at improving prognosis in high-risk patients, by a stricter control of these factors, are awaited.
Mercedes (La gitana, 1892, de Salvador Rueda): Fregoncita cervantina en un cortijo andaluz
Authors: Flores Eva
Published: May 2021

A finales del siglo XIX, Salvador Rueda concede el protagonismo de una novela a una mujer gitana que ni es pordiosera, ni bailaora ni adivina; es criada en un cortijo andaluz. Y es de raigambre cervantina: en Mercedes —La gitana (1892)— parecen fundirse dos Costanzas cervantinas (La ilustre fregona; La gitanilla), pero si ninguna de las Costanzas es lo que parece, Mercedes, no parece lo que es. Ilustre fregona decimonónica, pues, que no obstante carece de esa elaboración psicológica necesaria para haber hecho frente a la tópica representación de los gitanos —que, ya en su época, era una tradición literaria bien asentada—. En la novela, por otra parte, falta un personaje deconstructor interior —representado en La ilustre fregona por Argüello y la Gallega— que le sirviera de contrapunto. Rueda, en fin, y a pesar de su brillante planteamiento, no atina a mostrar —como enseñara Cervantes— «con propiedad » su «desatino».
La prosa crítica de Agustín Miranda Junco en su contexto vanguardista
Authors: Martín Fumero José Manuel
Published: May 2021

En la crítica insular de vanguardia, Agustín Miranda Junco fue uno de los partícipes de lo que, con acierto, Andrés Sánchez Robayna ha llamado escritura paralela. Así, el artículo crítico, breve, conciso, se convierte en una suerte de esbozo creativo que da continuidad al espíritu que generó la obra (literaria, pictórica, cinematográfica) que se comenta. En este artículo planteamos un análisis, a partir de una selección significativa de artículos, de la práctica de este tipo de crítica, en su contexto, de Agustín Miranda Junco.
Escrito en el aire... para seguir pisando suelo. Cartas inéditas de Ferrari a Rafael Alberti (1963-1965)
Authors: Riquelme Pomares Jesucristo
Published: May 2021

El artista plástico argentino León Ferrari y el escritor Rafael Alberti se conocieron, en 1959, durante el exilio americano del poeta español. Desde 1962 Ferrari ilustró composiciones literarias de Alberti: en 1964 publican el libro conjunto Escrito en el aire. Ambos artistas mantuvieron una fluida correspondencia de fina amistad. Publicamos cinco cartas inéditas, dirigidas por Ferrari a Alberti, entre 1963 y 1965, en las que el argentino comenta varios asuntos de interés creativo del arte contemporáneo: la elaboración de obras pictóricas, montajes e instalaciones y los asuntos polémicos que las inspiran: la denuncia política y social. Ferrari se enfrenta con vehemencia a la guerra de Vietnam, a la Iglesia católica enajenante, reaccionaria y cómplice de injusticias y desequilibrios económicos que se perpetúan y al poder inicuo y capitalista.
Íñiguez Egido, Alain: Luces y sombras en la narrativa de la victoria: Madrid, de Corte a cheka de Agustín de Foxá
Authors: Guerra Gallardo Miguel
Published: May 2021

Reseña de: Íñiguez Egido, Alain: Luces y sombras en la narrativa de la victoria: Madrid, de Corte a cheka de Agustín de Foxá. Madrid: Guillermo Escolar Editor (Biblioteca crítica de la Guerra Civil), 2020, ISBN: 978-84-18093-35-7, 127 págs.
İSKENDER PAŞA’NIN SARAYBOSNA’DAKİ ZAVİYE VAKFI’NIN FİNANSAL DURUM TABLOSU (1807-1821)
Authors: ARSLANBOĞA Kadir
Published: May 2021

Osmanlı Devleti’nde özel şahıslar ile bürokratların kurmuş olduğu vakıflar iktisadi ve sosyal açıdan birçok toplumsal görevi yerine getirmekteydi. Bürokratlar, özellikle de Balkanlar’da fetihten sonra bulundukları bölgenin idarecileri o şehrin kalkınması açısından gerek kendi gelirlerini gerekse de devletten kendilerine kuracakları vakıflar için tahsis edilen gelirleri toplum yararına adamışlardır. Fatih Sultan Mehmet ve II. Beyazıt dönemlerinin önemli eşhasından olan ve Vezir, Rumeli Beylerbeyliği ve Bosna Sancakbeyliği görevlerinde bulunan İskender Paşa da başta şehrin su ihtiyacının karşılanması olmak üzere Bosna’da vakıf kurmuştur. Nehirlerin sularını şehrin muhtelif bölgelerine yönlendirmiş, çeşmeler, köprü, Nakşibendi Tekkesi, imaret, misafirhane, kervansaray ve saray inşa ettirmiştir. İnşa edilen bu yapı ve müesseselerin faaliyetlerinin devamı içinde çiftlikler, bahçeler, yoncalıklar ve değirmenler vakfetmiştir. Vakıflar açısından tescil belgesi hüviyetindeki vakfiye ile evkaf muhasebe bilançoları önem arzetmektedir. İskender Paşa Vakfı’nın vakfiyesi günümüze ulaşamamıştır. Ancak vakıf muhasebesi olarak Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivinde 1807-1821 yılları arasındaki süreyi ihtiva eden bir arşiv defteri bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada bu arşiv defterinden elde edilen bilgiler ışığında vakfın finansal durumu incelenmiştir. Olağan süreçte vakfın gelirlerinin giderlerini karşıladığı, ancak 1815 yılında yaşanan nehir taşkınlarının vakfın inşa ettiği birimlere zarar verdiği anlaşılmaktadır. Yıkılan birimlerin yeniden inşası, vakfın devam eden yıllarda bir mali daralmaya gitmesine sebebiyet vermiştir.
Gestión del proceso posanalítico en los laboratorios clínicos según los requisitos de la norma ISO 15189:2012. Consideraciones sobre la gestión de muestras clínicas, aseguramiento de la calidad en el proceso posanalítico y gestión de la información del laboratorio
Authors: López Yeste Mª Liboria , Pons Mas Antonia R. , Guiñón Muñoz Leonor , Izquierdo Álvarez Silvia , Marqués García Fernando , Blanco Font Aurora , Pascual Gómez Natalia F. , Sánchez Gancedo Lorena , García Álvarez Ana , Bernabeu Andreu Francisco A. , Chueca Rodríguez Mª Patrocinio , Álvarez Domínguez Luisa
Published: May 2021

La norma ISO 15189:2012 exige una serie de requisitos en cuanto a la gestión de muestras clínicas, el aseguramiento de la calidad del proceso y la gestión de la información del laboratorio. Además, la entidad acreditadora, ENAC en España, tiene establecidas las condiciones para el uso de la marca en el informe de resultados del laboratorio acreditado. Las recomendaciones planteadas aplican a las actividades incluidas en el proceso posanalítico del laboratorio, así como al personal implicado. Se indican los criterios para que el laboratorio defina y documente el tiempo y las condiciones de retención de las muestras, para diseñar un control de calidad interno que verifique si las actividades posanalíticas alcanzan la calidad esperada, los requisitos que debe cumplir la gestión de la información y la necesidad de disponer de un plan de contingencia que asegure la comunicación de los resultados en todo momento. Asimismo, se describe el uso correcto de la marca de acreditación en los informes. Diversos gobiernos y sociedades científicas abogan por la obligatoriedad de la acreditación de los laboratorios clínicos. Siendo la norma ISO 15189 la más específica para demostrar su competencia técnica, es indispensable el conocimiento y la comprensión de sus requisitos para su correcta implantación.
Meromorphic solutions of the (2 + 1)- and the (3 + 1)-dimensional BLMP equations and the (2 + 1)-dimensional KMN equation
Authors: Dang Guoqiang
Published: May 2021

The complex method is systematic and powerful to build various kinds of exact meromorphic solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations on the complex plane

C

{\mathbb{C}}

. By using the complex method, abundant new exact meromorphic solutions to the

(

2
+
1

)

\left(2+1)

-dimensional and the

(

3
+
1

)

\left(3+1)

-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equations and the

(

2
+
1

)

\left(2+1)

-dimension Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar equation are investigated. Abundant new elliptic solutions, rational solutions and exponential solutions have been constructed.
Theoretical and experimental studies on the fabrication of cylindrical-electrode-assisted solution blowing spinning nanofibers
Authors: Zheng Wenxing , Shi Changwei , Hu Yabing , Wang Xinhou , Wang Yiheng
Published: May 2021

Cylindrical-electrode-assisted solution blowing spinning (CSBS) is a novel technique of fabricating nanofibers. In this paper, a combination of numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and experiment is used to study the influences of CSBS airflow field and electric field on the fabrication of CSBS nanofibers for the first time. The effects of air pressure and injection speed on the morphology of CSBS fiber are studied. The research results show that the increase in air pressure will increase the centerline velocity and the centerline turbulence intensity within the effective stretching distance of the airflow. The increase in centerline velocity will result in a decrease in the diameter of CSBS fibers. There is a negative correlation between jet diameter and surface charge density of CSBS jet. The increase in air pressure will increase the stretching of the jet by the air flow, which will make the jet more likely to become thinner again because of the charge repulsion. Increasing air pressure will reduce the porosity of the nonwoven. As the injection speed increases, the diameter of CSBS fiber increases, and the porosity of the nonwoven decreases first and then increases. This work provides theoretical and experimental bases for the controllable preparation of CSBS nanofibers.
Responding to Democratic Decay in South Asia: The ‘Federalism Constraint’ on Regional Emergency Powers in India
Authors: Vohra Kritika
Published: May 2021

2020 marked the 14th consecutive year of democratic decline in the world, and South Asia has been no exception to this global phenomenon. This paper focuses on one particularly egregious onslaught on democracy in India. In August 2019, the Indian government stripped the former state of Jammu and Kashmir of its special status under the Constitution of India, and reorganized its territory into two union territories. The government’s use of its regional emergency powers provided the legal basis for operationalizing these changes. Their use in this manner raises the question of the proper scope of these powers, independently of whether the proclamation of the regional emergency was constitutionally valid. What, if any, are the substantive limitations that constrain the center’s exercise of regional emergency powers? This paper offers a partial response to this question. It relies on the basic structure doctrine to theorize a substantive limitation on their exercise and situates this limitation in the wider legal and historical landscape on regional emergency powers. Articulating it as the ‘Federalism Constraint’, the paper argues that, even when a validly proclaimed regional emergency is in force in a state, the center cannot exercise its regional emergency powers to effect a permanent change to the detriment of the state, as doing so would damage federalism, a basic feature of the Constitution. On this basis, the paper argues that the recent changes to the status of the former state of Jammu and Kashmir are unconstitutional.
Dynamic optimal network reconfiguration under photovoltaic generation and electric vehicle fleet load variability using self-adaptive butterfly optimization algorithm
Authors: Pandraju Thandava Krishna Sai , Janamala Varaprasad
Published: May 2021

Currently, electrical distribution networks (EDNs) have used modern technologies to operate and serve many types of consumers such as renewable energy, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and demand response programs. Due to the variability and unpredictability of these technologies, all these technologies have brought various challenges to the operation and control of EDNs. In this case, in order to operate effectively, it is inevitable that effective power redistribution is required in the entire network. In this paper, a multi-objective based dynamic optimal network reconfiguration (DONR) problem is formulated using power loss and voltage deviation index considering the hourly variation of load, photovoltaic (PV) power, and electric vehicle (EV) fleet load in the network. This paper introduces recently introduced meta-heuristic butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) and it’s improve variant of self-adaptive method (SABOA) for solving the DONR problem. The simulation study of IEEE 33-bus EDN under different conditions has proved the effectiveness of DONR, and its adoptability for real-time applications. In addition, by comparing different performance indicators (such as mean, standard deviation, variance, and average calculation time) of 50 independently run simulations, the efficiency of SABOA can be evaluated compared with other heuristic methods (HMs). Comparative studies show that SABOA is better than PSO, TLBO, CSA and FPA in the frequent occurrence of global optimal values.
Thai tonal confusion patterns in the production of L1 Chinese Zhuang students
Authors: Phonphanich Siriluck Hoonsringam
Published: May 2021

This paper examines Thai tonal confusion patterns in two sample groups of Chinese Zhuang Students with the research hypothesis that the experimental group who possess Zhuang language experience as native speakers (C+Z) would have better tonal performance in the process of assigning tone for each lexical word than the control group who have no experience of Zhuang (C−Z). The hypothesis focuses on the C+Z′ familiarity of tone split which is a common feature of the tonal system in Tai languages as their L1 positive transfer. The tone split patterns of their L1 and L2 were explored and contrasted in the comparative Gedney’s tone box. The C+Z and the C−Z were asked to pronounce 60 words of two wordlists, one of which contained Zhuang-Thai cognates to stimulate the familiarity of their L1 tone split pattern. The findings show that Thai tonal confusion patterns in the two groups present differently. The accuracy rate of the C+Z is significantly higher than that of the C−Z overall and especially in T3 and T5. Their confusion rate on the Zhuang-Thai cognate wordlist was not higher than the non-cognate wordlist. All of the aforementioned indicates the positive transfer of the L1 Zhuang in the students’ Thai L2 tonal acquisition.
Impact of inhalation aromatherapy with Damask Rose (Rosa damascena) on stress, anxiety and hemodynamic parameters of patients undergoing coronary angiography: a single blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bikmoradi Ali , Roshanaei Ghodratollah , Moradkhani Shirin , Fatahi Azad
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Coronary arteries angiography is used commonly for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. In spite of the low risk of coronary artery angiography method, it could lead to stress, anxiety and consequently hemodynamic changes in patients. This study aimed to assess the effects of inhalation aromatherapy with Rosa damascena on stress, anxiety, and hemodynamic parameters of patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Methods

A single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 98 patients in Besat Educational Hospital, Hamadan, Iran. Before coronary angiography, patients at aromatherapy group inhaled five drops of 40% Rosa damascena for 20 min and in the control group, patients inhaled distilled water. Stress, anxiety, and hemodynamic parameters were measured before and after the intervention using DASS-21 questionnaire and checklist.

Results

Data were analysed by SPSS 16 software using descriptive and inferential statistics such as paired t-test and non-parametric tests. There were significant differences in terms of stress and anxiety severity in patients at aromatherapy group (p=0.005) and control group (p=0.001). There were significant differences in terms of hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate (p=0.001), mean arterial pressure (p=0.001), systolic (p=0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001) and SpO2 (p=0.02).

Conclusions

Inhalation aromatherapy with Rosa damascena can significantly decrease stress and anxiety severity and improve hemodynamic parameters of patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Registry number

This study has registered with the number IRCT201702019759N8 at Iranian Registry Clinical Trial.
Influence of lime (CaO) on low temperature leaching of some types of bauxite from Guinea
Authors: Béavogui Marie Constance , Loginova Irina Viktorovna , Konaté Ahmed Amara , Condé Sékou Amadou
Published: May 2021

In Bayer process, low temperature treatment of bauxite generally applicable to gibbsite in the presence of a significant amount of boehmite (>3%), requires a temperature increase and the addition of an additive to improve the leaching conditions. This research is based on improvement of low temperature leaching conditions 108 °C and the addition of lime during the attack of some types of bauxite in Guinea. TRUhat is Low Mono Grade Bauxite (LMG), Standard Metal Grade (SMG) and Fria Bauxite (BF). The results of this study confirm an improvement in the extraction yields. Additionally, it shows an increase in yields of two points when the lime dosage is low, and between 0.5 and 3% of the bauxite weight. Based on the mineralogical and chemical composition findings, minerals contain of SMG bauxites are difficult to decompose while BF bauxites are easy to process. Sougueta limestone was used for testing. After calcination, we obtained CaO added at a rate of: 0.3; 0.5; 1; 3 and 6% of the bauxite weight to finally obtain the highest leaching efficiency compared to the leaching efficiency of bauxite without addition. The best leaching rate obtained for LMG, SMG and BF are respectively: 89.01, 87.15 and 89.74% for additions of 1, 0.5 and 3% CaO respectively.
Thermo-Oxidative Behavior of Four-Directional Carbon-Carbon Composites as Throat Inserts for Solid Propulsion Systems
Authors: Paul Jhon , Santhosh B. , Ananthapadmanabhan E. N. , Das P. K.
Published: May 2021

Carbon-carbon (C-C) composites are considered as one of the ideal materials of construction for high-temperature applications in rockets and dimensionally stable structures for satellites. Thermo-oxidative behavior of four-directional (4D) C-C composites makes it a candidate material for throat inserts of nozzles in solid propulsion systems. For the realization of throat inserts, although 4D C-C composites can be manufactured by different process methodologies, its selection is crucial, as the methodology dictates the material behavior to meet the functional requirements. In this study, high-density 4D C-C composites are manufactured through a unique combination of processes, which can meet the functional requirements. Thermostructural behavior of 4D C-C composites in an oxidative environment is studied, and critical insights on the performance of the material are established. The material behavior of 4D C-C composites is examined with respect to the operating environment. The phenomenon of ablation for 4D C-C composites is investigated through plasma arc jet testing. The ablation mechanism of the material and its constitutive behavior is proposed.
A pilot study of everolimus and radiation for neuroendocrine liver metastases
Authors: Myrehaug Sten , Chan David L , Rodriguez-Freixinos Victor , Chung Hans , Hallet Julie , Law Calvin , Patel Chirag , Milot Laurent , Hudson John , Chen Hanbo , Singh Simron
Published: May 2021

Liver metastases are common in patients with neuroendocrine tumours. For patients, management must balance disease control with consideration of toxicity, given limited treatment options. Everolimus has demonstrated effectiveness in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Given emerging data of a synergistic effect with radiation therapy, we evaluated combined everolimus and radiation for neuroendocrine liver metastases. This single-arm, single-centre prospective pilot study evaluated the safety and efficacy of combined everolimus and radiotherapy for well-differentiated neuroendocrine liver metastases. Patients with unresectable liver metastases received everolimus for 30 days, followed by concurrent everolimus and liver radiotherapy, then a further 14 days of everolimus. Tolerability was evaluated using the CTCAE v.4.03. Individual metastasis response rate and local control were measured by RECIST v1.1. Overall survival, progression-free survival and freedom from a change in systemic therapy were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Forty metastases were treated in 14 patients. No grade 3 or higher toxicities were identified in the concurrent treatment phase; one patient developed grade 3 toxicity in the post-radiation phase. Overall response rate was 38%. One- and 2-year local control were 97% and 71%. Median progression-free survival was 12 months. One- and 2-year overall survival were 100% and 92%. In conclusion, combined everolimus and radiation are well-tolerated for neuroendocrine liver metastases and are associated with excellent local control. The approach of selective local ablation of oligometastatic or oligoprogressive disease warrants further evaluation in this patient population.
Caracterización teológica de la cosmología de Platón en la apologética de Atenágoras de Atenas
Authors: Valencia Marín Estiven
Published: May 2021

Algunos elementos de la filosofía platónica establecidos en tratados apologéticos de muchos escritores cristianos entre los cuales se encuentra el ateniense Atenágoras y su conocida obra πρεσβεία περὶ χριστιανῶν, cuya versión del helenista y teólogo español Daniel Ruiz será el objeto de estudio en el presente texto, demuestran un especial interés por la exposición de la cosmología. Si bien esta temática hace las veces de un intento por demostrar racionalmente la trascendencia de lo divino y la seguida generación del universo por causa del designio y poder de Dios, no se trata de una exposición meticulosa de las ideas de filósofos que el mismo Atenágoras cita sino más bien de una exégesis cristiana acerca de Platón en la que pareciese que incurrieran tales escritores, al menos por ser este uno de los autores que abogan por la filosofía griega, para realizar una reflexión profunda sobre la fe.
Quality or Quantity? The Power of Expert Reviews in the Presence of Conflicting Aggregated Ratings
Authors: Naujoks Anna
Published: May 2021

Many consumers consult online reviews to evaluate services. Online review platforms present them with multiple cues by which to assess whether a review message is useful in their decision-making process. However, consumers are often faced with conflicting opinions from different information sources. By using the theoretical framework of dual-process theory and signaling theory, this paper examines the effect of majority and minority influences.It further investigates how expert reviewers are perceived, and the role played by the total number of available reviews. A 2 x 2 x 2 (review valence x expertise of conflicting review x number of reviews) scenario-based experiment is conducted. The results demonstrate that expert sources weaken the prominent influence of the majority, especially when majority size is small. The research contributes to existing literature by explaining how the simultaneous presence of majority and minority influences affects consumers’ decision-making process. Moreover, it examines the power of online expert reviewers.
Blockchain in Service Management and Service Research - Developing a Research Agenda and Managerial Implications
Authors: Büttgen Marion ,   al.
Published: May 2021

As blockchain technology is maturing to be confidently used in practice, its applications are becoming evident and, correspondingly, more blockchain research is being published, also extending to more domains than before. To date, scientific research in the field has predominantly focused on subject areas such as finance, computer science, and engineering, while the area of service management has largely neglected this topic. Therefore, we invited a group of renowned scholars from different academic fields to share their views on emerging topics regarding blockchain in service management and service research. Their individual commentaries and conceptual contributions refer to different theoretical and domain perspectives, including managerial implications for service companies as well as forward-looking suggestions for further research.
Preparation and application of a xylan-based antibacterial papermaking additive to protect against Escherichia coli bacteria
Authors: Xu Guibin , Luo Yuanchao , Song Tao , He Bei , Chang Minmin , Ren Junli
Published: May 2021

A xylan-based antimicrobial additive agent was prepared and studied for use in paper products against Escherichia coli bacteria. The derived cationic-xylan-grafted-guanidine polymer (CX-g-PHGH) was successfully synthesized by graft copolymerization of cationic-xylan with polyhexa-methylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGH) using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator. The obtained CX-g-PHGH had a maximum PHGH grafting ratio of 18.4% and efficiency of 58.4% and showed good viscosity and thermal stability. Furthermore, the paper samples prepared in this work were reinforced noticeably with the addition of CX-g-PHGH, after which exhibited improved mechanical properties. Compared to the reference paper without any of the xylan derivatives, the index of tensile, tear, burst, and folding endurance of the paper were increased by up to 20.1%, 25.3%, 30.2%, and 77.8%, respectively. Moreover, the prepared CX-g-PHGH paper exhibited efficient antimicrobial barrier properties against E. coli bacteria, by which many applications based on the new xylan derived additive agent obtained in this work could be found, especially in field of antimicrobial paper products against E. coli bacteria from contaminated food.
Experimental study on molding technology for a mixture of corn straw and cow manure
Authors: Wang Ruili , Yu Jin , Wang Tiejun , Wang Tieliang , Li Xiang
Published: May 2021

To improve the comprehensive utilization of planting and breeding waste resources, corn straw and cow manure were used as raw materials for exploring the molding process parameters for preparing agricultural fertilizers via compression after mixing. The pressure, compression speed, and holding time were the experimental factors, while the block drainage, compression ratio, and dimensional stability were used as evaluation indicators. This study analyzed the influence of various factors on the quality evaluation index of the formed blocks. The results show that the best factor ranges were as follows: a pressure of 15 kN to 24 kN, a compression speed of 200 mm/min to 400 mm/min, and a holding time of 30 s to 60 s. A ternary quadratic regression and rotating-combination test design was used to optimize the combination of forming parameters as well as performing test verification. The formed block yielded the following results: a block drainage of 6.29%, a compression ratio of 3.37, a dimensional stability of 86.5%, a pressure of 23.9 kN, a compression speed of 276 mm/min, and a holding time of 53.1 s. These results can provide a reference for the molding process and equipment development of corn straw and cow manure mixed fertilizer.
The Deinstitutionalization of Persons with Psychosocial Disabilities from the Perspective of Ecological Systems Theory
Authors: Genienė Rasa , Šumskienė Eglė , Gevorgianienė Violeta , Mataitytė-Diržienė Jurga
Published: May 2021

The deinstitutionalization of social care in Lithuania started in 2012 after the adoption of the strategic guidelines by the Ministry of Social Security and Labour. The goal of this reform was to improve the care conditions and introduce new community-based services for persons with disabilities. Almost ten years of the reform resulted in only five percent of persons with disabilities who moved to community settings, mainly group-living homes. The slow-motion of the reform, as well as the tensions in the communities, suggests the need for a thorough analysis of the process of deinstitutionalization and its improvement. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory is applied as a conceptual and methodological tool for understanding the roles of deinstitutionalization agents at different levels, including the Ministry of Social Security and Labour, municipalities, non-governmental organizations, social care institutions, and local communities. All of these agents are involved and diversely interact among themselves during the transformation process of the social care system. The ecological theory provides the necessary integrated approach to the analysis of the process of deinstitutionalization of the social care system at the micro-, meso-, exo-, and macro levels. Deinstitutionalization and the trajectories of its participants reveal resilient connections with different fields of the ecological system and show that different system components not only represent different systems but become microsystems themselves that affect all elements in the ecological system. The complexity of environmental systems constitutes the basis of ecological systems theory. It serves as a lens to guide the analysis of the transformation of a particular person’s life in the context of deinstitutionalization. Herewith, it is an appropriate tool for understanding the impact of deinstitutionalization on specific local communities.
ON THE LITHOFLUID AHD THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM IN GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY
Authors: NAUMKO Іhor
Published: May 2021

The researcher’s approaches to the term “fluid systems” as a prototype of the fluid medium of crystallization of minerals, naturally preserved relics – inclusions of fluids reflect the features of the fluid regime of mineralogenesis of rock-ore complexes are analyzed. It is emphasized that the term “fluid” characterizes the main property of the substance of the medium of mineralogenesis, the most important substance of the Earth’s crust, its highest mobility, the maximum disorder of structure, fluidity, and covers the liquid or gas state of the lightweight components (gas, aqueous solution), as well as the melt of magmatic (silicate, salt, carbonate) substance. Under the fluid regime, the author understands the physical and chemical nature, the spatial-temporal sequence of manifestation and the variability of the parametric characteristics of the fluids, that is, the entire set of physico-chemical and geological phenomena and processes that determine the regular (discrete, periodic, evolutionary) changes in aggregate state, PT-parameters and the composition of the fluid medium of crystallization of minerals and their identified (certain, specific) parageneses. Our long-term studies show that the physico-chemical system of the fluid medium of mineral-ore-narhtidgenesis should cover lithoid (rocky), fluid (genetic) and thermodynamic (temperature, pressure, concentration) components that determine the mass, heat and the energy exchange between the fluid and of its host rock. In view of this, we define this physico-chemical system as a “lithofluid and thermodynamic system” and we believe that this definition takes into account all known phenomena of generation, migration, differentiation and accumulation of fluids, in particular hydrocarbons (hydrocarbon-containing), in the lithosphere of the Earth. An example of such a lithofluid and thermodynamic system in the Earth’s bowels – the natural high-energy physicochemical reactor is the hydrocarbon-generating and mineral-ore-forming system of the deep abiogenic high-termobaric fluid.
MARMAROSH KLIPPEN BELT IN STRUCTURE OF UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS Article 2. Tectonic-magmatic position and views of the zone structure
Authors: YAREMOVYCH Mykhaylo
Published: May 2021

The paper describes the tectonic position of Marmarosh zone of rocks and determine its place in the structure of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Shown is the history of the study of igneous rocks. The comparative analysis of the views on the structure and position of the Marmarosh klippen belt in the structure of the Carpathians processed by the literature was carried out. At the end of the article the researchers compared views on the structure of Foreign Affairs, highlighted the main features of the geological structure and tectonic zoning area. Some similar features of rocks composed of Marmarosh klippen belt, namely formational, to a lesser extent, the morphology of the folded and dislocations with a break of continuity history of even-aged species of complexes the Marmarosh zone of rocks is considered as NW continuation of Marmarosh massif that was torn from its substratum in the tectonic evolution of the region. These tectonic elements of different times and different phases of folding, but the final phase of tectonogenesis was manifested are almost simultaneously during the Miocene. MKB is a special category of tectonic structures associated with faults, of considerable length and long stage of development, is so-called near-fracture or suture structures and delineates two different areas with sharply different geological development history, geodynamic conditions of formation, stratified formations, independent tectonic regime. The structure is characteristed by the set of formations – sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic. As a result of structural and tectonic studies the Marmarosh klippen belt is a consequence of Albian movements where appeared blocky dislocation and Post-Oligocene folding and formation of small intrusive bodies. Modern look of the band was formed in Oligocene time at neotectonic stage of development of the Carpathians. MKB is not correlated with any of the Carpathians area, although it has similarities with some elements, such as Marmarosh massif, but it different by a character of section and especially by peculiarity of the section of the Lower Cretaceous. One of the conditions for further study of Marmarosh klippen belt is integrated research, including the study of facies changes of the nature of the thickness, more mapping of folded and discontinuous structures, further development of stratigraphic scheme of the area, the analogy of even-aged sediments and similar genesis formations of adjorning the territories both on the – territory and abroad of Ukraine. In this comprehensive analysis the Marmarosh klippen belt may get a proper understanding of its nature and place in the structure of folded Carpathians.