bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children’s Rhetoric in an Era of (Im)Migration: Examining Critical Literacies Using a Cultural Rhetorics Orientation in the Elementary Classroom
Authors: Brownell Cassie J.
Published: June 2023

There is a particular urgency in this political moment to understand children’s experiences with current events. Drawing from data generated following the 2016 presidential election, this paper focuses on three racially and linguistically diverse children’s persuasive compositions. Within a critical literacies writing unit focused on (im)migrant experiences, children called on legislators to act on the Republican administration’s policies. Building on the understanding that all literacies are political and that teaching and learning are value-laden tasks, the author engaged a cultural rhetorics orientation—grounded in the understanding of texts, bodies, materials, and ideas as interconnected aspects of communication—for data generation and analysis. The findings highlight how children strategically employed rhetoric to persuade. They used logos, pathos, and ethos, as well as story, a central tool for meaning-making and building practices in the world. Ultimately, this study demonstrates how children, when properly supported, can agentively participate in critical literacies and act on real-world politics. Through the stories of young children, this study emphasizes what children have to tell adults and what a cultural rhetorics orientation, through its emphasis on story, enables literacies researchers and educators to understand about children’s composing.
Regulated and Nonregulated Writing: A Qualitative Study of University Custodians’ Workplace Literacy Practices
Authors: Marotta Calley
Published: June 2023

Writing studies scholars have long examined how race- and class-based hierarchies shape teachers’ and students’ experiences of writing in US universities. But universities are also workplaces that profit from a racialized writing economy in which laborers of color () underpin writing production. Drawing from a yearlong qualitative case study that examines the writing practices of university custodial workers, this article addresses the following research questions: What kinds of writing do university custodial workers use and practice? What are the conditions for their writing? And what do these practices and conditions tell us about writing in race- and class-stratified workplaces, including educational institutions? Using critical race (; ; ; ; ; ; ) approaches to literacy sponsorship (), and observations and interviews with university custodians, this article discusses two main findings: (1) labor conditions restrict participants’ writing as a part of race and class hierarchies; and (2) the participants employ writing practices that run under the radar of institutional restrictions to serve their own purposes. This study’s findings have implications for workplace writing scholarship and higher education policy, because they expand definitions of and purposes for workplace writing in institutions of education.
Generating New Narratives: Examining Youths’ Multiliteracies Practices in Youth Participatory Action Research
Authors: Marciano Joanne E. , Vellanki Vivek
Published: June 2023

This paper examines the multiliteracies practices () of 20 high school students who participated in a weeklong summer research institute at the start of a 6-month-long community-based youth participatory action research (YPAR) initiative. Data analyzed included 20 digital multimodal compositions produced by youths, individual interviews with youths, and observations of youths’ participation in the YPAR initiative. Data analysis utilized theories of multiliteracies practices () and culturally sustaining pedagogies () enacted across contexts of YPAR (). Findings contribute new insights about students’ multiliteracies practices in YPAR in two ways. First, we examine how learning about research methods shifted students’ understandings of research and the role their experiences could play in YPAR. Second, we examine how students’ digital literacies practices () supported them in generating new narratives about their community in digital multimodal compositions. Finally, we consider how insights gained from our examination may support educators in developing and enacting culturally sustaining () learning contexts that build with students’ multiliteracies practices as strengths while challenging persistent educational inequities.
“Swirling a Million Feelings into One”: Working-Through Critical and Affective Responses to the Holocaust through Comics
Authors: Simon Rob , Gallagher Ben , Walkland Ty
Published: June 2023

Drawing on perspectives from cultural studies, affect theory, and critical literacy, this article explores comics made by three eighth-grade students in response to Art Spiegelman’s Holocaust memoir Maus. Students’ comics were developed through participatory research alongside their classroom teacher, a research team, and teacher candidates from a local university. These three students, Stella, Maisie, and Naomi, reacted strongly to the content of Maus and the comics medium, and raised questions around identity, representation, and the legibility of their often-intense emotional responses. We trace their affective engagements to explore how comic-making allowed students to represent feelings that are often difficult to make visible in school spaces. Our analysis highlights how affective critical literacy orients teaching and research toward working-through rather than resolving complicated emotions, allowing educators to recognize unanswered questions as forms of critical engagement.
Walls, Bridges, Borders, Papers: Civic Literacy in the Borderlands
Authors: Durán Leah , Aguilera Michelle
Published: June 2023

This article reports findings from a qualitative study in a third-grade classroom in the Southwest in the wake of Donald Trump’s campaign and inauguration. In response to students’ concerns about Trump’s rhetoric around immigration and border-wall construction, the teacher provided curricular space for students to study immigration policy and write letters to their congressional representative expressing their positions. Drawing on field notes, interviews, and student writing, this study asks, (a) What sources of knowledge did students draw on in their talk and writing? and (b) How did students respond to such curricular design? Analysis suggests that students drew on border thinking () and politicized funds of knowledge (), positioned themselves as change agents, and developed and displayed knowledge of academic genres and conventions.
What Works for Me: Maximizing YouTube Creations with Minimum Difficulty
Authors: Winger Amy
Published: June 2023

YouTube video innovations should be more widely developed and implemented because they uniquely meet the needs of today’s diverse learners.
Feature: A Critical Time for Reform: Empowering Interventions in a Precarious Landscape
Authors: Warnke Anthony , Higgins Kirsten
Published: June 2023

This article defines a principled, critical orientation towards reform initiatives based on two instructors’ experiences as well as interviews with two-year college instructors across the country.
Feature: Finding Freedom at the Composition Threshold: Learning from the Experiences of Dual Enrollment Teachers
Authors: McWain Katie
Published: June 2023

This article presents findings from a multisite case study of dual enrollment instructors and administrators in high school–college partnerships, identifying key challenges to teachers’ academic freedom while also exploring the possibilities presented by their liminal institutional positionality
Feature: Conclusion to Literature
Authors: Corrigan Paul T.
Published: June 2023

By reconceiving the introductory general education literature course as “Conclusion to Literature,” foregrounding the ends of reading literature—its human significance—we may not only make a difference in students’ lives but also forestall the end of literary studies.
What Works for Me: Profile Writing: A Connection between Nursing and First-Year Composition
Authors: Burke Heather
Published: June 2023

Profile writing enables nursing students to draw a connection between first-year composition and nursing through the genre’s emphasis on descriptive details and understanding the individual.
Instructional Note: Let’s Talk about Grades
Authors: Miller Amy F.
Published: June 2023

Waiting until the one-on-one conference to return graded papers allows me to ensure students learn how to read and interpret feedback as a tool for growth.
Feature: Where Theory and Praxis Collide: Supporting Student-Led Writing Center Research at Two-Year Colleges
Authors: Giaimo Genie
Published: June 2023

This article demonstrates the important role that student researchers play in developing two-year college writing center assessment. As part of a tutoring practicum assignment, students from Bristol Community College co-designed a survey that assessed the perceptions of students who do and do not utilize a writing center at their mid-sized community college. Students collected 865 responses between 2014 and 2015. This article provides a road map to developing student-led RAD research through a two-year college writing center and its attendant course; it also shares positive pedagogical and programmatic outcomes from the project.
Feature: Renewing the Promise at Open Access Institutions: Frameworks for Engaging Locally Responsive Writing Instruction
Authors: Jory Justin M.
Published: June 2023

This essay shows how one English department used open educational resources and threshold theory to engage locally responsive writing instruction and increase access at a community college.
Instructional Note: The Second Essay That Analyzes the First Essay: Reflecting and Revising in a Writing Classroom
Authors: Lee Grayson Mara
Published: June 2023

This instructional note describes the potential of an analytical essay assignment to encourage writerly self-reflection and meaningful revision in the two-year college writing classroom.
Feature: Access and Stratification: One City, Two Dual Enrollment Programs
Authors: Ratliff Clancy , Smith Daniel A.
Published: June 2023

This article analyzes and reflects on dual enrollment programs at a two-year college and a four-year research university in the same city and branches into a critique of dual enrollment and an argument for the need for inter-institutional collaboration toward goals of student access and opportunity.
Feature: Updating Information about Technical and Professional Communication at Two-Year Colleges
Authors: Bivens Kristin Marie , Elliott Timothy J. , Karl Henrik Wiberg Gustav
Published: June 2023

In this original research article, we report findings locating technical and professional communication (TPC) courses and programs from 1,235 not-for-profit two-year colleges (2YCs); argue for an updated 2YC TPC research agenda at 2YCs; and provide concrete steps for increasing 2YC faculty inclusion in the field of TPC through conference attendance, service, and membership in national TPC organizations.
Instructional Note: Rethinking Class Introductions
Authors: Fisch Audrey A.
Published: June 2023

This instructional note explores how I used interviews, peer introductions, and video introductions to build confidence and a supportive learning community among composition students on the first day of class.
Feature: The Teaching Zone: Square Pegs in Round Holes
Authors: Hogue Smith Cheryl
Published: June 2023

This article explores six years of student data to discover why students who appear not to have read a lengthy book are able to execute a successful paper designed around that text.
Feature: Lexical Analysis of Reflection Texts in First-Year Composition
Authors: Moore Miriam
Published: June 2023

Lexical analysis with concordancing software offers faculty a simple tool for analyzing reflective texts in first-year composition courses.
Feature: Seeking Teacher-Scholar-Activists: A Thematic Analysis of Postsecondary Literacy Practitioner Professional Identity in Practice
Authors: Suh Emily K. , Owens Sam
Published: June 2023

This article is the first of a two-part thematic analysis of interviews reporting on the professional identity enactment of developmental literacy practitioners; we argue for intentional, explicit inclusion of developmental literacy disciplinary perspectives as essential for further expanding the two-year college English community of practice.
Instructional Note: The Heroic Investigator: Modeling a Film and Television Motif for Information Literacy
Authors: Lawrance Miller Benjamin , Shahar Jed
Published: June 2023

This article describes a research assignment for first-year composition students that combines film and television motif analysis and role-playing, thus creating an opportunity for students to write critiques of contemporary institutions.
Feature: Critiquing the Normative Discourse Circulated by Two-Year College Writing Center Websites through Critical Disability Studies and Technical and Professional Communication
Authors: Bennett Kristin C.
Published: June 2023

In this article, I examine how the language circulated by two-year college writing center websites impacts discursive understandings of disability and offer recommendations for more accessible documentation practices grounded in critical disability studies and technical and professional communication theory.
Feature: Developmental Education and the Teacher-Scholar-Activist: An Invitation
Authors: Suh Emily K. , Sullivan Patrick , McGee Barrie , Owens Sam
Published: June 2023

In response to growing neoliberal pressures and austerity measures, two-year English teacher-scholars have embraced Sullivan’s call to activism, but this work is made challenging as aspiring teacher-scholar-activists struggle to balance activism with the other heavy demands of their professional practice. After expanding teacher-scholar-activism as a theoretical framework, we explore activism through cross-case analysis of three developmental literacy professionals’ actions, mindsets, and training. We then provide a pragmatic how-to manual for aspiring teacher-scholar-activists.
Instructional Note: Drawing to Read: Students Using Creative Approaches to Access Complex Texts in First-Year Writing
Authors: Gabay Esther M.
Published: June 2023

The Instructional Note provides a multistage drawing-to-read activity that is intended to support students’ development of process-oriented, active, engaged, and mindful reading habits.
Feature: Teaching Reading as Raciolinguistic Justice: (Re)Centering Reading Strategies for Antiracist Reading
Authors: Suh Emily K.
Published: June 2023

Antiracist education practices have gained increasing attention. Oftentimes, however, descriptions of this work fail to explicate the role of reading skills in students’ critical engagement with diverse texts. I explore the potential of metacognitive reading strategy instruction as a form of foundational literacy skills development for engaging in antiracist reading. Drawing from my experiences as a female of color and a coordinator and instructor of integrated reading and writing, I expand upon the concept of raciolinguistically just reading instruction, describing how students can document their application of multiple foundational reading strategies through the meta-strategy of annotation and other metacognitive practices. In particular, I focus on how students’ annotations can reflect their work in making text-based connections. Such annotation practice enacts a culturally sustaining pedagogy that amplifies student voices and their role as knowledge producers. I conclude by considering the larger role of decentering the instructor to foster students’ antiracist reading.
Feature: Teaching toward Reading Transfer in Open-Access Contexts: Framing Strategic Reading as a Transferable Skill
Authors: Hilberg Jaclyn
Published: June 2023

This article synthesizes the literature on writing transfer and findings from several key studies of reading in two-year colleges to outline a set of pedagogical practices that instructors can use to promote reading transfer through explicit attention to “strategic reading.”
Student Voices: What’s Next in Writing Must Be What Was in Writing
Authors: Linda Rief
Published: June 2023

In her final column for Voices from the Middle, Rief discusses the current state of writing instruction and wonders whether students are learning the realities of writing.
Mutfak ve Yemekhane Çalışanlarının Hijyen Kurallarına Uyumu ve Ellerinden Alınan Kültürlerin Mikrobiyolojik Açıdan İncelenmesi
Authors: GÜNAL Ahmet Murat , SEYLAM KÜŞÜMLER Aylin
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışma, İstanbul Tuzla ilçesinde bulunan bir vakıf üniversitesinin mutfak ve yemekhanelerinde çalışan, doğrudan yemek üretimine katılan personelin el hijyenlerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür. Araştırma süresince kurumda çalışmakta olan 15 personelin ellerinden 6 aylık aralıklarla toplamda 3 defa örnek alınmıştır. Toplanan 90 numune mikrobiyolojik açıdan değerlendirilmiş ve numunelerde E. coli ve diğer koliform grubu bakteriler ile S. aureus bakterisinin varlığı araştırılmıştır. Yapılan mikrobiyolojik değerlendirmeler sonucunda numunelerin hiçbirinde E. coli bakterisi tespit edilmemiştir. Koliform bakteriler ve S. aureus için ortalama değerler sırasıyla 3,6 ve 6,8 kob/cm2 olarak bulunmuştur. Koliform bakteriler numunelerin %40’ında izole edilirken, bu oran S. aureus bakterisi için %95,6 olarak bulunmuştur. Numunelerin tamamı E. coli bakterisi açısından uygun bulunurken, %8,9’u koliform grubu bakteriler açısından ve %95,6’sı S. aureus bakterisi açısından uygun bulunmamıştır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda görevli personelin tuvalet kullanımı ve çiğ besinlere temas sonrasında el yıkama alışkanlığının olduğu fakat ağız, burun, kulak ve saçlı deri gibi organlar ile cansız yüzeylere temas sonrası bu alışkanlığın olmadığı düşünülmüştür. Belirli aralıklarla el yıkama alışkanlığının kazandırılmasının önemi fark edilmiştir. Besin kaynaklı enfeksiyon ve intoksikasyonlardan korunmak için en önemli faktör olan personelin hijyen eğitimlerine tabi tutulması ve bu eğitimlerin sonuçlarının sıklıkla değerlendirilmesi gerekliliği görülmüştür.
Reproductive Performance and Management of Three Breeds of Cattle under Major Constraints in Extensive Management
Authors: Dauda Ayuba , Okon Bassey , Joseph Henry Affiong , Dauda Nggada Jibrin
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The reproductive performance and management of three cattle breeds under extensive management study was investigated due to a lack of baseline data for animal husbandry practices and planning breeding programs in the study area. This study evaluated the productive and reproductive performance, feed resources, feed management, and major constraints of three breeds of cattle (White Fulani, Sokoto Gudali, and Red Bororo) production under an extensive system in Northern Nigeria.
Materials and methods: A structured questionnaire survey and group discussion were used for collecting data. 60 farmers with 30 years of experience in cattle farming were selected to administer the questionnaire. Each breed (White Fulani, Sokoto Gudali, and Red Bororo) was grown by 20 farmers.
Results: The results indicated that 70% of the farmers agreed with the first service at the age of 2.3-3 years in the three breeds. The first calving at the age of 3.3-4 years was 40% for White Fulani farmers, while 80% for Sokoto Gudali and Red Bororo farmers respectively. The calving interval in the range of 1-2 years was adequately observed in all three breeds. The age of 13-15 years was reported as the female reproductive period in this study. The total number of calves produced per cow's lifetime in the present study was estimated at 8-11 for White Fulani and Sokoto Gudali, and 4-7 for Red Bororo. Feed resources and management of three breeds of cattle under extensive management indicated that natural pasture was the most common source of feed for cattle in the rainy season. Besides, natural pasture, tree leaves, and shrubs were used as cattle feed in the dry season. The main cattle production constraints reported by the farmers included feed and water in the study area. However, the breeds could survive and produce under these major constraints.
Conclusion: Alleviating these constraints could improve the productivity of White Fulani, Sokoto Gudali, and Red Bororo in their natural environment.
Radiographic Evaluation of Bone Healing Following Oral Administration of Bone Broth and Quail Eggs on Experimentally Drilled Femoral Bone Defect in Rabbits
Authors: Oviawe Ekaete Ime , Fadasan Samuel Tanko , Lawal Maruf , Suleiman Mohammed Hadi , Abdullahi Bada Abdulaziz
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Radiography can monitor bone healing to detect delayed healing, non-union, and mal-union early. This study aimed to monitor bone healing, following oral administration of quail eggs and bone broth (BB) on a bone defect in the rabbit model.
Materials and methods: A total of 24 adult white New Zealand rabbits were used in the study. They were divided into four six groups before creating a 3.5 mm bone defect. The first group received a daily oral dose of BB, the second group a daily oral dose of quail egg (QE), and the third group received a daily oral dose combination of BB and quail eggs (BQE). At the same time, the fourth group was given an oral daily dose of distilled water (CN) for 12 weeks. Radiographs were taken at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks postoperative. An experienced radiologist blinded to the groupings scored the radiographs on a scale of 0-4 based on mineral opacity.
Results: At week 6, the BB and BQE groups differed significantly from the QE and CN groups. There was a significant difference between the treatments and the control group at weeks 8 and 10. The complete healing of BB and BQE groups occurred before week 10. The healing of two rabbits in the QE group was done before week 10 although the others completed healing before week 12. The CN group did not heal even after week 12.
Conclusion: Using radiography, Monitoring the bone healing rate was done successfully. The BQE group showed the fastest healing, followed by BB, and QE groups.
Body satisfaction and Depression Symptoms among Children with Precocious Puberty in Baghdad City
Authors: Hussein Adraa , Ma`ala Eqbal
Published: June 2023

Objective: to evaluate body image and depression symptoms of children with precocious puberty, and find out association between children`s sociodemographic characteristics and their body image and depression signs. Methodology: A cross sectional study, sample of (80) child from both gender, > 7 years were included due to their ability to express their own feeling, diagnosed with precocious puberty, attending out-patient endocrine clinics at pediatric hospitals in Baghdad city. Data collected, during the period from May to November 2018. Consent form has taken from children and their guardians to participate in study. Child body image scale (CBIS) was used to evaluate children body satisfaction (1) and Mood and feeling questionnaire (M&FQ) to evaluate children degree of depression symptoms (2), the approved has taken from the ownership directly. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data by applying descriptive analysis (percentages, frequencies and mean) as well as inferential analysis (T-test). Results: the finding shows that most children with precocious puberty experience body dissatisfaction, more than half of children experience depression signs, school achievement shows significant association with their depression signs. Recommendation: the study recommend to emphasis on psychosocial assessment during routine physical examination, in addition to provide psychological support for those children especially girls
Evaluation of Nursing Performance Concerning Nasogastric Tube in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at al-Batool Teaching Hospital in Baqubah City
Authors: Nayef Aqeel , Neamah Mahdi
Published: June 2023

Objectives: The study aim to evaluate nursing performance during nasogastric tube feeding in neonatal intensive care unit. Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at al–Batool Teaching Hospital, for the purpose of evaluate of quality of nursing performance for premature baby during nasogastric tube feeding in neonatal intensive care unit. The study consumed the period from 4th of December 2017 to the 24nd of April 2018, Non-probability purposive sample of (25) nurses working in the neonatal intensive care unit. The data were collected through the use of Observational instrument which consist of socio-demographic characteristics, quality of nursing care. Results: The study shows that the majority of participants was female with age (20-29) years with diploma and more half was married with somewhat sufficient of monthly income, years of experience in nursing and neonatal intensive care unit were, quality of care before, during, and after at fair level Recommendations: Advanced video programs, specific meetings, programs, workshops, training activities and seminars, and Booklet are should be provided for nurses on how to use global standards to placement of the nasogastric feeding tube in NICU. And it's recommended to provide the necessary advanced supplies and equipment for nasogastric feeding tube procedure.
Article Effectiveness of Instruction Program on Caregiver Knowledge concerning Emergency Care for Geriatrics at Geriatric Home in Baghdad City.
Authors: Ibrahim Ali , Hassan Huda
Published: June 2023

Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the information of caregivers concerned emergency care for the elderly and to identify the relationship between caregiver information and their educational level, years of service and training courses. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Geriatric Care Home in Baghdad City (the governmental and private geriatric care home ) for the period from October, 14th , 2018 to March, 20th , 2019 to find the effectiveness of the instructional program on caregivers knowledge about emergency care for the elderly.. A purposive sample (non-probability) was consisting of (30) males and females caregivers, the sample was selected from geriatric care home in Baghdad city .To implement the program an instrument was used to collect caregiver’ data which consist of two parts: The first part concerns demographic information for caregivers. and the second part involves two domains involving (48) items concerning caregiver knowledge about physiological changes and health problems and their knowledge about emergency care for older persons .The instrument was authenticated by through a panel of ten expert. The researcher used SPSS version 20 to analyze the data, and applying the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: The results of the pre-test for caregivers in a government and private geriatric care home revealed that caregivers 'knowledge about physiological changes and health problems as well as emergency care was moderate , while post-test results showed that caregivers' knowledge about physiological changes and health problems as well as emergency care had improved to high level because of the positive impact of the instruction program. The study founded that there was correlation between the effectiveness of the instruction program on caregiver knowledge, and the demographic information including gender , age, social status, monthly income and race . The result of study retreaded that there were a significant relationship between the effectiveness of the instruction program and the caregiver years of experience, the educational level, the training courses and the occurrence of emergencies at P≤0.05. Recommendation: The study recommends to increase the training courses inside and outside Iraq for caregiver and encouraged them to use safety measures to avoid the injury of elderly persons.
Impact of Factors upon Children’ Weight Status of age one to Five years old at Primary Health Care Centers in AL Samawah City
Authors: Talib Abrar , Abdulwahd Hala
Published: June 2023

Objective: The study aim is to identify factors that may contribute to children’s weight status variations. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study is carried out has been conducted at the AL- Samawah city in Primary Health Care Centers for the purpose of the screening children’s weight status of Age One to five Years Old. This study is started from December 16th 2018 to February 14th 2019. A(non propriety) purposive sample comprised of (20) primary health centers (10 main and 10 sub) are selected of 500 children who visit the primary health care center during the period for the purpose of the study; Data was collected through using a questionnaire designed and developed for the purpose of the study . It consists of two main parts: Part I. Mother Demographic Characteristics, Medical and Surgical History during Pregnancy, Obstetric History and Mothers Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation. . Part II: Childes Demographic Characteristics, Medical and Surgical History, Immunization, and Child Nutrition. Data collected by the researcher from children’s families through interview and filling a questionnaire format, while the section of anthropometric measurements carried out by the researcher after measuring weight and height doing Body Mass Index calculation Validity of the study instrument was determined through a panel of experts and reliability of the instrument was determined. The analysis of the data used was descriptive statistics and statistical inferential. Recommendations: The ministry of health can develop and implement effective strategies for the detection and treatment of malnutrition among children.
Determination of the Cardiac Patients Knowledge toward Using Anticoagulant Medications at Missan Governorate Hospitals
Authors: Khafel Mohannd , Yousif Haleema
Published: June 2023

Objective- the study aim to determine the cardiac patient knowledge about anticoagulant medications using and its relationship with demographic data(age. gender. level of education. occupational). Methodology- A descriptive study(quasi-experimental)design was carried out to determine cardiac patient knowledge consider to using anticoagulant medications . Starting from(1th Jun 2017 to5th October 2018).To achieve the objectives of the study, a non-probability sample (a purposive sample) consisted of random sample comprised of (30) patients were taken anticoagulant medications ..The measurement of patient knowledge were collected through the use of questionnaire which is related to patient knowledge toward using the anticoagulant medications. The questionnaire was interview with cardiac patients who were attended coronary care unit at Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital, and Missan Center of Cardiac Disease and in the Medical Consulting after obtaining agreement from the patients throughout using arabic version of questionnaire. The researcher conducted private meeting with each patient who spends about 25-30 minute to respond to the interview which were developed for the purpose of the study. Instrument validity was determined through content validity, by a panel of experts. Reliability of the instrument was determined through the use of Cronbach Alfa which was (0.85) which are strong acceptable for acute myocardial infarction patients'. Analysis of data was performed through the application of descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) and inferential statistics (t-test and one way analysis of variance) . Result. when we using mean of score the study showed that low level of knowledge for some items and moderate level of knowledge to other items when ( Low 0.0-0.33) (Moderate 0.34-0.76) (0.67-1.0High).and the result study showed no significant differences between cardiac patient knowledge and demographic data (age, gender ,level of education, occupational) . Recommendation-The researchers recommend the implementation of continuous education programs for cardiac patient about using anticoagulant drugs
Nurses' Knowledge toward Care of Unconscious Adult Patients at Teaching Hospitals in Al-Hilla City
Authors: Kheder Nael , Mohammed Widad
Published: June 2023

Objective: The study aims to evaluate nurses' knowledge toward care of unconscious adult patients and identify the relationship between nurses’ knowledge toward care of unconscious adult patient and their demographic characteristics of age, gender, Marital Status, level of qualification and years of experience. Methodology: A descriptive study (quantitative design) was carried out by using quasi experimental design to study nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices toward care of unconscious adult patients at teaching hospitals in Al-Hilla City from September 2018 up to June 2019. A purposively sample has been chosen in which included 60 nurses who work in ICUs within two hospitals (Imam Al-Sadiq teaching hospital and Al-Hilla general teaching hospital). The sample has been collected by using the tool that involves four parts. The first part is demographical data for a study sample which consists of 10 items, the second part is multiple choice questions related to nurses' knowledge which consists of 32 items, The tool has been validated by 11 experts, all of them have experience more than 10 years, a reliability is determined by Crohn Bach correlation where r= 0.92 . The analyzed data have been stated during using of descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, mean of scores, Standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Coefficient alpha correlation and ANOVA). Results: The study showed that the majority of the participants in the study were males aged between 20-29 years of bachelor's degree in nursing. More than half of them were single and had years of experience in hospital and in intensive care unit (1-5) years, and half of the participants were doing their work in the morning and evening, within 24 hours, and the majority did not participate in training sessions on the intensive care unit. The study also showed that nurses' knowledge toward care of unconscious adult patients was enough. Recommendations: Advanced video programs, specific meetings, programs, workshops, training activities and seminars, and Booklet are should be provided for nurses on how to care of unconscious adult patients to increase their knowledge, it's recommended to the Ministry of Health to provide the necessary advanced supplies and equipment for use in intensive care units (ICUs) and It is recommended for future studies conduction.
Effectiveness of Post-Abortion Family Planning Counseling Program on Nurses and Midwives' Practices in Middle Euphrates Maternity Hospitals
Authors: Seger Hadeel , Abbas Iqbal
Published: June 2023

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of post-abortion family planning counseling program on nurses and midwives' practices and to predict the variables which may effect on their practices Methodology: A quasi experimental study was conducted from 23th April 2017 to 14th March 2018 in three governorates in Middle Euphrates of Iraq: (Holy Karbala, Al - Najef Al Ashraf and Babylon) on nurses and midwives who work at maternity hospitals. Systematic random sampling was used to select 122 nurses and midwives, (60) of them for study group and (62) for control group. A checklist is an instrument that evaluate the practices which included 50 items. Validity of content was determined through reviewing it by (16) experts and reliability of tool was determined through a pilot study. descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of study revealed that there were high statistical differences in nurses and midwives' practices between study and control groups at posttest, while there were no differences between both groups at pretest. Variables: (age, educational level, social status and years of experiences) were not effect on their practices. Recommendations: Establishing teaching and training courses concerning post abortion family planning counseling for all nurses and midwives who work at maternity hospitals in middle Euphrates
Evaluation of Students’ Communication Skills and Academic Performance in the University of Baghdad
Authors: Jasim Basima , Khalifa Mohammed
Published: June 2023

Objective(s): To evaluate students’ communication skills and their academic performance; to compare between the students relative to communication skills and their academic performance in the University of Baghdad and to identify the relationship between students’ communication skills, academic performance and their socio-demographic characteristics of age, gender, grade and socioeconomic status. Methodology: A descriptive design, using the evaluation approach, is carried through the present study to evaluate colleges’ students’ communication skills and their academic performance in the University of Baghdad for the period of January 7th 2019 to August 28th 2019. A non-probability, purposive sample, of (80) university students, is selected. Two questionnaires are utilized; the first iscontained of (15) items that measure the students’ communication skills and the second is comprised of (14) items that measure the students’ academic performance. Reliability and validity of the questionnaires are determined through pilot study. Data are collected through the use of study instruments and the structured interview technique as means for data collection. Data are analyzed through the application of the descriptive data analysis approach which includes frequency, percent and total scores and ranges and inferential statistical data analysis of approach of Multiple Linear Regression. Results: The study indicates that most of the students have fair level of Communication Skills (69%) and fair level of academic performance (67%). Students’ communication skills is influenced by their age and education stage and students’ academic performance is affected by their socioeconomic status. Recommendations: The study recommends that college students should be very well aware of the importance of communication skills and academic performance. Colleges’ curriculum should contain at least one course about communication skills and academic performance. Further research can be conducted on the same topic with wide-range sample size.
Effectiveness of an Educational Program in Enhancing Nurses’ Knowledge about Occupational Health Hazards
Authors: Hamad Zaid , Qassim, Wessam
Published: June 2023

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of an Educational Program in Enhancing Nurse’s Knowledge about Occupational Health Hazards at Medical City Hospitals in Baghdad City.

Methodology: The present study employed a quasi-experimental design held at Medical City Hospitals in Baghdad City. A non-probability sample (convenience sample) consisted of (60) nurse. Data were collected by using a self-report questionnaire which consisted of six parts (a) socio-demographic characteristics (b) physical hazards knowledge (c) chemical hazards knowledge (d) biological hazards knowledge (e) psychological hazards knowledge and (f) mechanical hazards knowledge. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) for windows Version 24.

Results: There were statistically significant differences in nurses’ knowledge about occupational health hazards (physical hazards, chemical hazards, biological hazards, psychological hazards, and mechanical hazards) in the study group through posttest I, posttest II.

conclusion: The occupational health hazards-based health education program was influential in enhancing nurses’ knowledge related to occupational health hazards.

Recommendations: The researcher recommended the need to develop and carry out special educational programs for nurses to enhance their knowledge regarding occupational health hazards.
Effectiveness of Education Program on Secondary School Teachers Psycho-Social Changes with Menopause in Baghdad City
Authors: Fawzi Ishraq , Ali Rabea
Published: June 2023

Objective: To assess the effect of education program on psychological and social changes of secondary school teachers with menopause.

Method: A quasi-experimental design is carried out with the application of a pre- post –test for menopause secondary school teacher's bio-psychosocial changes. Non-probability sample consists of (60 female teachers) (40) teachers from Al- Rusafa first Education Directorate secondary schools, and (20) teachers from Al- Karkh third Education Directorate secondary schools. The sample was exposed to pretest, educational program, and posttest. Data were collected through the utilization of the study instrument (the questionnaire) and application of bio-psychosocial education program on secondary school teachers with menopause from the period (2nd September 2018 through 24th February 2019). Content validity of the program obtained by panel of (14) experts. the  reliability of the instruments  is obtained through the (test &retest ). Data are  analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis approach.

Results:  Results shows that all of studied items regarding psychological and social changes has a moderate mean scores and relative sufficiency evaluation before applying the educational program, except in sharing with the family social sub domain's items , which were assigned a low mean scores and relative sufficiency responses initially. In the other hand, most of studied items has a good improvements and  a proved high and moderate mean scores and relative sufficiency of evaluation after implementation of the educational program. As well as, comparisons significant related to pre- post periods , which registered a highly significant differences at P<0.01.

Recommendation: The study recommends an emphasis on health education program for women to increase their awareness about the importance of menopausal changes, and how to cope.
Effectiveness of Health Educational Program on Nurses’ Knowledge About Communication Skills with Children at Welfare Children Teaching Hospital in Baghdad City
Authors: Ali Ammar , Al-mosawi Khatam
Published: June 2023

Background: Therapeutic communication is the basis of interactive relationships among nursing team and their children: that affords opportunities to establish rapport, understand the client’s experience, formulate individualized or client interventions and optimize health care resources.

Objectives: The main aim of the study is to determine the Effectiveness of Education Program on Nurses’ Knowledge about Communication Skills with Children.

Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Children Welfare Teaching Hospitals from 7th, October 2018 to the 20th, May 2019. The program and instruments have been constructed by the researcher for the purpose of the study. A non- probability purposive sample of (39) nurses who work in Children Welfare Teaching hospitals were into study group consisted of (30) nurses who were exposed to an education program. The study instrument is composed of two parts: first part deals with the socio- demographic characteristics of the nurses, while the second part deals with the Knowledge test which consists of (35) items (multiple choices) questionnaires divided into (5) main dimensions related to nurse's knowledge about communication skills with children. Validity of the study instrument is determined through a panel of experts and reliability of the instrument was determined through (test – retest) method. The analysis of the data used is descriptive statistics and statistical inferential, in order to find the differences among the pre-test, post-test1 and post-test 2 in study group.

Results: The study findings indicate that there are highly significant differences between (pre and post-test1 and post-test2) in the study group regarding (nurse's knowledge about communication skills with children.

Recommendations: The researcher recommended specific training courses for nurses with exam to get the benefit and to have effect on the pediatric nurses knowledge, and pediatric nurses must have a continuous courses about communication skills with children.
Factors Affecting Bangladeshi Travelers’ Selection of Hotels
Authors:   Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, European University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Sukrana Bipasha , Haque Tanzina ,   Department of Business Administration, European University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Jui Farjana Islam ,   Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, European    University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Published: June 2023

Understanding the preferences and choices of travelers is essential for hoteliers and other tourism stakeholders as the hotel and tourism sectors in Bangladesh become more and more competitive day by day. The purpose of this study is to look at the key factors that influence hotel choice among Bangladeshi travelers. This study also seeks to offer insights into the particular requirements and expectations of Bangladeshi travelers by examining the elements that affect the hotel selection process. Considering these elements can help hoteliers and other tourism industry professionals tailor their services to the particular requirements and expectations of Bangladeshi travelers. The data for this research was collected through an online survey. A structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale is used and data were collected from 379 respondents, of which the valid response rate is 75.8%. The data have been analyzed using descriptive statistics. Research result highlights that ‘Staff Service Quality’, ‘Safety and Security’ and ‘Value for money’ are the three most influential factors in selecting a hotel.
The Relationship between Service Remediation, Perceived Fairness, Customer Satisfaction, and Repurchase Intention: A Case Study of Online Stores in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China
Authors:   Asia Metropolitan University, Malaysia., Qiang He Zhi
Published: June 2023

Based on the fairness theory, this paper takes perceived fairness as an intermediary variable to study the impact of online service recovery on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. In the research process, the service recovery is divided into three dimensions of material recovery, spiritual recovery and positive responsiveness, and the perceived fairness is divided into three dimensions of distributive fairness, procedure fairness and interaction fairness. The corresponding scales are designed for questionnaire survey and data analysis, it can explore the impact of perceived fairness as a mediating variable on service recovery and customer satisfaction; the impact of perceived fairness as a mediating variable on service recovery and repurchase intention; and the impact of customer satisfaction on repurchase intention. Finally, the following findings and conclusions are drawn: material recovery and spiritual recovery positively affect distributive, procedural and interactive fairness, while positive responsiveness has no significant impact on distributive fairness, and only positively affects procedural fairness and interactive fairness; distributive, procedural and interactive fairness are equally positively affects customer satisfaction, but has no significant effect on repurchase intention ; customer satisfaction positively affects repurchase intention. Based on the above conclusions, enterprises can increase their emphasis on service recovery, and at the same time pay attention to the fairness of service recovery, treat all consumers fairly, formulate a recovery plan that satisfies consumers for them to choose, increase customer satisfaction, and increase repurchases ratio, thereby improving corporate performance.