bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revealing the Ionization Properties of the Magellanic Stream Using Optical Emission
Authors: Barger K. A. , Madsen G. J. , Fox A. J. , Wakker B. P. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Nidever D. , Haffner L. M. , Antwi-Danso Jacqueline , Hernandez Michael , Lehner N. , Hill A. S. , Curzons A. , Tepper-García T.
Published: December 2017

The Magellanic Stream, a gaseous tail that trails behind the Magellanic Clouds, could replenish the Milky Way (MW) with a tremendous amount of gas if it reaches the Galactic disk before it evaporates into the halo. To determine how the Magellanic Stream’s properties change along its length, we have conducted an observational study of the Hα emission, along with other optical warm ionized gas tracers, toward 39 sight lines. Using the Wisconsin Hα Mapper telescope, we detect Hα emission brighter than 30–50 mR in 26 of our 39 sight lines. This Hα emission extends over

away from the H i emission. By comparing

and

, we find that regions with

are 16%–67% ionized. Most of the

along the Magellanic Stream are much higher than expected if the primary ionization source is photoionization from Magellanic Clouds, the MW, and the extragalactic background. We find that the additional contribution from self ionization through a “shock cascade” that results as the Stream plows through the halo might be sufficient to reproduce the underlying level of Hα emission along the Stream. In the sparsely sampled region below the South Galactic Pole, there exists a subset of sight lines with uncharacteristically bright emission, which suggest that gas is being ionized further by an additional source that could be a linked to energetic processes associated with the Galactic center.
Electron-capture Isotopes Could Constrain Cosmic-Ray Propagation Models
Authors: Benyamin David , Shaviv Nir J. , Piran Tsvi
Published: December 2017

Electron capture (EC) isotopes are known to provide constraints on the low-energy behavior of cosmic rays (CRs), such as reacceleration. Here, we study the EC isotopes within the framework of the dynamic spiral-arms CR propagation model in which most of the CR sources reside in the galactic spiral arms. The model was previously used to explain the B/C and sub-Fe/Fe ratios. We show that the known inconsistency between the 49Ti/49V and 51V/51Cr ratios remains also in the spiral-arms model. On the other hand, unlike the general wisdom that says the isotope ratios depend primarily on reacceleration, we find here that the ratio also depends on the halo size (Z
h) and, in spiral-arms models, also on the time since the last spiral-arm passage (

). Namely, EC isotopes can, in principle, provide interesting constraints on the diffusion geometry. However, with the present uncertainties in the lab measurements of both the electron attachment rate and the fragmentation cross sections, no meaningful constraint can be placed.
Observations of the Coronal Mass Ejection with a Complex Acceleration Profile
Authors: Reva A. A. , Kirichenko A. S. , Ulyanov A. S. , Kuzin S. V.
Published: December 2017

We study the coronal mass ejection (CME) with a complex acceleration profile. The event occurred on 2009 April 23. It had an impulsive acceleration phase, an impulsive deceleration phase, and a second impulsive acceleration phase. During its evolution, the CME showed signatures of different acceleration mechanisms: kink instability, prominence drainage, flare reconnection, and a CME–CME collision. The special feature of the observations is the usage of the TESIS EUV telescope. The instrument could image the solar corona in the Fe 171 Å line up to a distance of 2 

from the center of the Sun. This allows us to trace the CME up to the LASCO/C2 field of view without losing the CME from sight. The onset of the CME was caused by kink instability. The mass drainage occurred after the kink instability. The mass drainage played only an auxiliary role: it decreased the CME mass, which helped to accelerate the CME. The first impulsive acceleration phase was caused by the flare reconnection. We observed the two-ribbon flare and an increase of the soft X-ray flux during the first impulsive acceleration phase. The impulsive deceleration and the second impulsive acceleration phases were caused by the CME–CME collision. The studied event shows that CMEs are complex phenomena that cannot be explained with only one acceleration mechanism. We should seek a combination of different mechanisms that accelerate CMEs at different stages of their evolution.
iPTF 16asu: A Luminous, Rapidly Evolving, and High-velocity Supernova
Authors: Whitesides L. , Lunnan R. , Kasliwal M. M. , Perley D. A. , Corsi A. , Cenko S. B. , Blagorodnova N. , Cao Y. , Cook D. O. , Doran G. B. , Frederiks D. D. , Fremling C. , Hurley K. , Karamehmetoglu E. , Kulkarni S. R. , Leloudas G. , Masci F. , Nugent P. E. , Ritter A. , Rubin A. , Savchenko V. , Sollerman J. , Svinkin D. S. , Taddia F. , Vreeswijk P. , Wozniak P.
Published: December 2017

Wide-field surveys are discovering a growing number of rare transients whose physical origin is not yet well understood. Here we present optical and UV data and analysis of intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) 16asu, a luminous, rapidly evolving, high-velocity, stripped-envelope supernova (SN). With a rest-frame rise time of just four days and a peak absolute magnitude of

mag, the light curve of iPTF 16asu is faster and more luminous than that of previous rapid transients. The spectra of iPTF 16asu show a featureless blue continuum near peak that develops into an SN Ic-BL spectrum on the decline. We show that while the late-time light curve could plausibly be powered by 56Ni decay, the early emission requires a different energy source. Nondetections in the X-ray and radio strongly constrain the energy coupled to relativistic ejecta to be at most comparable to the class of low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We suggest that the early emission may have been powered by either a rapidly spinning-down magnetar or by shock breakout in an extended envelope of a very energetic explosion. In either scenario a central engine is required, making iPTF 16asu an intriguing transition object between superluminous SNe, SNe Ic-BL, and low-luminosity GRBs.
Mechanism of Atomic Hydrogen Addition Reactions on np-ASW
Authors: He Jiao , Emtiaz Shahnewaj M. , Vidali Gianfranco
Published: December 2017

Hydrogen, being the most abundant element, is the driver of many if not most reactions occurring on interstellar dust grains. In hydrogen atom addition reactions, the rate is usually determined by the surface kinetics of the hydrogen atom instead of the other reaction partner. Three mechanisms exist to explain hydrogen addition reactions on surfaces: Langmuir–Hinshelwood, Eley–Rideal, and hot-atom. In gas-grain models, the mechanism that is assumed greatly affects the simulation results. In this work, we quantify the temperature dependence of the rates of atomic hydrogen addition reactions by studying the reaction of H+O3

O2+OH on the surface of a film of non-porous amorphous solid water (np-ASW) in the temperature range from 10 to 50 K. The reaction rate is found to be temperature independent. This disagrees with the results of simulations with a network of rate equations that assume Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism through either thermal diffusion or tunneling diffusion; the reaction rates assuming such a mechanism possesses a strong temperature dependence, either explicitly or implicitly, that is not seen experimentally. We suggest that the Eley–Rideal and/or hot-atom mechanism play a key role in hydrogen atom addition reactions, and should be included in gas-grain models. We also suggest that our newly developed time-resolved reactive scattering can be utilized to measure the chemical desorption efficiency in grain surface reactions.
Neutron Production in Solar Flares by Reactions of Accelerated 3He
Authors: Murphy R. J. , Kozlovsky B.
Published: December 2017

Previously, we showed that 3He is enhanced in the ion population accelerated in large solar flares, with a 3He/4He ratio of >0.1; i.e., several orders of magnitude larger than the accepted coronal value. We also showed that when 3He is enhanced, its nuclear reactions with elements of the solar atmosphere can significantly impact both positron production (and the subsequent positron-annihilation line) and the gamma-ray de-excitation-line spectrum. Both the 2.223 MeV neutron-capture line and escaping neutrons are important additional flare observables. Neutron production from reactions of 3He with heavy elements of the solar atmosphere are not currently included in our neutron-production code, and the reliable and consistent analysis of all available solar-flare data requires that neutron-production calculations include these reactions. We evaluate the neutron-production cross sections for these reactions and include them in the code. We then explore how the neutron observables (the escaping-neutron yield and spectrum and the flux of the neutron-capture line) are affected by 3He reactions. We find that neutron production by accelerated 3He reactions with heavy elements is similar to that by accelerated 4He and so will be significant only for accelerated 3He/4He ratios greater than 1.
On a Small-scale EUV Wave: The Driving Mechanism and the Associated Oscillating Filament
Authors: Shen Yuandeng , Liu Yu , Tian Zhanjun , Qu Zhining
Published: December 2017

We present observations of a small-scale extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave that was associated with a mini-filament eruption and a GOES B1.9 micro-flare in the quiet-Sun region. The initiation of the event was due to the photospheric magnetic emergence and cancellation in the eruption source region, which first caused the ejection of a small plasma ejecta, then the ejecta impacted a nearby mini-filament and thereby led to the filament’s eruption and the associated flare. During the filament eruption, an EUV wave at a speed of

182
–
317

km

s

−
1

was formed ahead of an expanding coronal loop, which propagated faster than the expanding loop and showed obvious deceleration and reflection during the propagation. In addition, the EUV wave further resulted in the transverse oscillation of a remote filament whose period and damping time are 15 and 60 minutes, respectively. Based on the observational results, we propose that the small-scale EUV wave should be a fast-mode magnetosonic wave that was driven by the expanding coronal loop. Moreover, with the application of filament seismology, it is estimated that the radial magnetic field strength is about 7 Gauss. The observations also suggest that small-scale EUV waves associated with miniature solar eruptions share similar driving mechanisms and observational characteristics with their large-scale counterparts.
Detection of Two TeV Shell-type Remnants at GeV Energies with FERMI LAT: HESS J1731-347 and SN 1006
Authors: Condon B. , Lemoine-Goumard M. , Acero F. , Katagiri H.
Published: December 2017

We report the first high-significance GeV γ-ray detections of supernova remnants HESS J1731−347 and SN 1006, both of which have been previously detected by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes above 1 TeV. Using 8 years of Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data at energies between 1 GeV and 2 TeV, we detect emission at the position of HESS J1731−347 with a significance of 

and a spectral index of

. The hardness of the index and the good connection with the TeV spectrum of HESS J1731−347 support an association between the two sources. We also confirm the detection of SN 1006 at

with a spectral index of

. The northeast (NE) and southwest (SW) limbs of SN 1006 were also fit separately, resulting in the detection of the NE region (

) and the non-detection of the SW region. The significance of different spectral components for the two limbs is

, providing first indications of an asymmetry in the GeV γ-ray emission.
Jet Precession Driven by a Supermassive Black Hole Binary System in the BL Lac Object PG 1553+113
Authors: Caproni Anderson , Abraham Zulema , Motter Juliana Cristina , Monteiro Hektor
Published: December 2017

The recent discovery of a roughly simultaneous periodic variability in the light curves of the BL Lac object PG 1553+113 at several electromagnetic bands represents the first case of such odd behavior reported in the literature. Motivated by this, we analyzed 15 GHz interferometric maps of the parsec-scale radio jet of PG 1553+113 to verify the presence of a possible counterpart of this periodic variability. We used the Cross-entropy statistical technique to obtain the structural parameters of the Gaussian components present in the radio maps of this source. We kinematically identified seven jet components formed coincidentally with flare-like features seen in the γ-ray light curve. From the derived jet component positions in the sky plane and their kinematics (ejection epochs, proper motions, and sky position angles), we modeled their temporal changes in terms of a relativistic jet that is steadily precessing in time. Our results indicate a precession period in the observer’s reference frame of 2.24 ± 0.03 years, compatible with the periodicity detected in the light curves of PG 1553+113. However, the maxima of the jet Doppler boosting factor are systematically delayed relative to the peaks of the main γ-ray flares. We propose two scenarios that could explain this delay, both based on the existence of a supermassive black hole binary system in PG 1553+113. We estimated the characteristics of this putative binary system that also would be responsible for driving the inferred jet precession.
Standardized spider (Arachnida, Araneae) inventory of Hankoniemi, Finland
Authors: Cardoso Pedro , Heikkinen Lea , Jalkanen Joel , Kohonen Minna , Leponiemi Matti , Mattila Laura , Ollonen Joni , Ranki Jukka-Pekka , Virolainen Anni , Zhou Xuan , Pajunen Timo
Published: December 2017

During a field course on spider taxonomy and ecology at the University of Helsinki, the authors had the opportunity to sample four plots with a dual objective of both teaching on field methods, spider identification and behaviour and uncovering the spider diversity patterns found in the southern coastal forests of Hankoniemi, Finland. As an ultimate goal, this field course intended to contribute to a global project that intends to uncover spider diversity patterns worldwide. With that purpose, a set of standardised methods and procedures was followed that allow the comparability of obtained data with numerous other projects being conducted across all continents.

A total of 104 species and 1997 adults was collected. Of these, 41 species (39%) were Linyphiidae and 13 (12%) Theridiidae. All other families had 6 or less species represented. Linyphiidae were also dominant in terms of adult individuals captured, with 1015 (51%), followed by 428 (21%) Lycosidae, 158 (8%) Tetragnathidae and 145 (7%) Theridiidae. All other families had less than 100 individuals. The most abundant species were Neriene peltata, Alopecosa taeniata, Piratula hygrophila and Dismodicus elevatus, all with more than 100 individuals. All sites had between 56 and 62 species and between 445 and 569 individuals.
Choroidal Thickness Change in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Eliwa Tamer F. , Hegazy Omnia S. , Mahmoud Safaa S. , Almaamon Tarek
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in diabetic macular edema (DME) and its relationships.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

One hundred and six eyes were included in this prospective, nonrandomized case control study. They were divided into 37 cases of healthy, normal subjects and 69 cases of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with DME. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was done for all cases and analyzed to measure SFCT and central foveal thickness (CFT).

RESULTS:

The SFCT was significantly thinner in the DME group (193.4 μm) than in the control group (282.6 μm) (
P
= .001). In the DME group, SFCT was significantly related to CFT and vision (
P
< .05). The cutoff point for the relationship between SFCT and vision was 228 μm below the point at which vision is affected.

CONCLUSIONS:

DME is associated with a significant decrease in SFCT. SFCT is directly related to vision and foveal thickness, but it is inversely correlated to age.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:970–977.]
Failed Pneumatic Retinopexy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair in Ocular Albinism: Clues to the Role of Melanin in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Pump Function
Authors: Felfeli Tina , Mandelcorn Mark S. , Yan Peng , Jeffery Glen , Mandelcorn Efrem D.
Published: December 2017

The authors report the first case, to their knowledge, of failed pneumatic retinopexy (PR) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair in a patient with ocular albinism (OA). The failure of PR to spontaneously resolve the subretinal fluid and reattach the retina in this case is suggestive of a deficiency in subretinal fluid reabsorption by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). These findings suggest that in cases of RRD in OA, primary PR should be avoided since this procedure relies on an adequately functioning RPE pump to reabsorb subretinal fluid prior to laser retinopexy. The use of primary vitrectomy or scleral buckling with cryopexy may constitute a more effective strategy for RRD in OA.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:1016–1020.]
Cartography of interaction fields in and around Brussels: commuting, moves and telephone calls
Authors: Adam Arnaud , Delvenne Jean-Charles , Thomas Isabelle
Published: December 2017

Using conventional relational data (residential migrations, commutes to and from the workplace) and less conventional relational data (mobile telephony calls), the space in and around the Brussels-Capital Region is partitioned into groups of closely inter-related places using a mathematical community detection method. The partitions obtained lead to strong spatial structures, while neither the distance nor the characteristics of the places are taken into account in this method. This article illustrates how large databases (big data) and their specific methods provide new opportunities for urban analyses (delimitation of urban borders, formalisation of intra-urban structures), and remind us here that no structure may be interpreted without a thorough understanding of data, the tools used and regional and urban theories.
(Des)caminhos na condução do professor que ensina matemática nos anos iniciais a partir do PNAIC
Authors: Pozzobon Marta Cristina Cezar , Oliveira Cláudio José , Nehring Cátia Maria
Published: December 2017

O artigo problematiza a constituição da docência para ensinar matemática nos anos iniciais, a partir de uma política de governo, o Pacto Nacional para Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC). Para as discussões teóricas, tomam-se os estudos foucaultianos, principalmente os conceitos de discurso, jogos de verdade e governo (condução das condutas). O material considerado constitui-se dos Cadernos de Alfabetização Matemática do PNAIC, abrangendo o Caderno 1 – Organização do Trabalho Pedagógico. A partir desse material, os seguintes grupos de análise foram evidenciados: ‘encaminhamentos ao professor na orientação dos alunos, das atividades de sala de aula e dos registros’; ‘orientações pedagógicas a partir das experiências dos alunos’; e ‘consideração das brincadeiras, do brincar e do uso do material manipulável para ensinar matemática’. Ao se examinarem as orientações/prescrições propostas no caderno do PNAIC, pontua-se que, como tantos outros manuais da ‘boa formação’, reafirmam dizeres e fazeres que o professor que ensina matemática deveria seguir para atingir seus objetivos.
Raça e gênero na educação básica: pesquisando ‘com’ crianças
Authors: Guizzo Bianca Salazar , Zubaran Maria Angélica , Beck Dinah Quesada
Published: December 2017

Os principais objetivos deste artigo são discutir e problematizar como determinadas representações étnico-raciais e de gênero são construídas e reiteradas cotidianamente no ambiente da educação básica. Esta análise se vincula às teorizações produzidas pelos Estudos Culturais em Educação, a partir de situações cotidianas no ambiente escolar e de excertos de entrevistas aplicadas, ao longo de um ano de trabalho de campo, com crianças da educação infantil de uma escola pública municipal e com crianças do ensino fundamental de uma escola privada, ambas localizadas no Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que, desde a infância, alunos (as) da educação básica incorporam e disseminam representações ‘estereotipadas’ relativas aos pertencimentos étnico-raciais e de gênero. De modo particular, foi possível observar que os sujeitos que não se enquadravam em características fenotípicas consideradas ideais eram representados negativamente e discriminados. No entanto, o estudo mostrou também a importância de pedagogias que questionam e deslocam as representações de raça e de gênero dominantes, a partir da perspectiva de uma educação antirracista.
Gustave Monod e a renovação do ensino secundário francês
Authors: Dallabrida Norberto , Araújo Elisabete Maria de
Published: December 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender as classes nouvelles, idealizadas pelo educador Gustave Monod e colocadas em marcha no sistema de ensino francês no imediato pós-Segunda Guerra. Para tanto, inicialmente explora a trajetória de Gustave Monod, destacando a sua vinculação à perspectiva pedagógica do Movimento da Escola Nova e a sua participação em organizações políticas de cunho pacifista e antifascista. O foco da análise é colocado sobre a participação decisiva de Monod na criação das classes nouvelles na rede pública de ensino da França, bem como na instituição do Centre International d’Études Pédagogiques (CIEP), na cidade de Sèvres, um espaço transnacional de intercâmbio de experiências de renovação educacional. Para nortear a pesquisa, utilizaram-se as noções de circulação e de apropriação cunhadas pelo historiador Roger Chartier e um corpus empírico formado por artigos e livros de autores franceses e brasileiros. A relevância do presente trabalho deve-se ao fato de que vários brasileiros realizaram estágio no CIEP na década de 1950 e apropriaram-se da experiência das classes nouvelles para produzir o modelo das classes secundárias experimentais que renovou o ensino secundário brasileiro.
Intestinal Inflammation-Mediated Clearance of Amebic Parasites Is Dependent on IFN-γ
Authors: Shimokawa Chikako , Senba Masachika , Kobayashi Seiki , Kikuchi Mihoko , Obi Seiji , Olia Alex , Hamano Shinjiro , Hisaeda Hajime
Published: December 2017

Intestinal amebiasis is a major cause of diarrhea. However, research on host–amebae interactions has been hampered owing to a lack of appropriate animal models. Recently, a mouse model of intestinal amebiasis was established, and using it, we reported that Entamoeba moshkovskii colonized the intestine in a manner similar to that of the pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. In this study, we evaluated the protective mechanisms present against amebae using this model. CBA/J mice infected with E. histolytica had a persistent infection without apparent symptoms. In contrast, E. moshkovskii–infected mice rapidly expelled the ameba, which was associated with weight loss, diarrhea, and intestinal damage characterized by apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Expression of NKG2D on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and IFN-γ–producing cells in Peyer’s patches were significantly induced after infection with E. moshkovskii but not with E. histolytica. IFN-γ–deficient mice infected with E. moshkovskii showed no obvious symptoms. Notably, none of these mice expelled E. moshkovskii, indicating that IFN-γ is responsible not only for intestinal symptoms but also for the expulsion of amebae. Furthermore, apoptosis of IECs and expression of NKG2D on IELs observed in E. moshkovskii–infected mice did not occur in the absence of IFN-γ. In vivo blocking of NKG2D in mice infected with E. moshkovskii enabled ameba to survive longer and remarkably reduced apoptotic IECs. Our results clearly demonstrate a novel protective mechanism exerted by IFN-γ against intestinal amebae, including induction of cytotoxicity of IELs toward IECs.
Deficiency of the AIM2–ASC Signal Uncovers the STING-Driven Overreactive Response of Type I IFN and Reciprocal Depression of Protective IFN-γ Immunity in Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: Yan Shanshan , Shen Hongbo , Lian Qiaoshi , Jin Wenlong , Zhang Ronghua , Lin Xuan , Gu Wangpeng , Sun Xiaoyu , Meng Guangxun , Tian Zhigang , Chen Zheng W. , Sun Bing
Published: December 2017

The nucleic acids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be detected by intracellular DNA sensors, such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), which results in the release of type I IFN and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. However, whether cross-talk occurs between AIM2–IL-1β and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–type I IFN signaling upon M. tuberculosis infection in vivo is unclear. In this article, we demonstrate that mycobacterial infection of AIM2−/− mice reciprocally induces overreactive IFN-β and depressive IFN-γ responses, leading to higher infection burdens and more severe pathology. We also describe the underlying mechanism whereby activated apoptosis-associated speck-like protein interacts with a key adaptor, known as stimulator of IFN genes (STING), and inhibits the interaction between STING and downstream TANK-binding kinase 1 in bone marrow–derived macrophages and bone marrow–derived dendritic cells, consequently reducing the induction of type I IFN. Of note, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein expression is inversely correlated with IFN-β levels in PBMCs from tuberculosis patients. These data demonstrate that the AIM2–IL-1β signaling pathway negatively regulates the STING–type I IFN signaling pathway by impeding the association between STING and TANK-binding kinase 1, which protects the host from M. tuberculosis infection. This finding has potential clinical significance.
Carcinogenesis-relevant biological events in the pathophysiology of the efferocytosis phenomenon
Authors: Sarode Gargi Sachin , Sarode Sachin C. , Maniyar Nikunj , Sharma Nilesh Kumar , Patil Shankargouda
Published: December 2017

The effective removal of cells undergoing programmed cell death, which is referred to as efferocytosis, prevents the leakage of intracellular contents into the surrounding tissue, which could lead to tissue damage and inflammation. Efferocytosis involves a coordinated orchestration of multiple steps that lead to a swift, coherent and immunologically silent removal of dying cells. The release of wound healing cytokines, which resolve inflammation and enhance tissue repair, is an important feature of efferocytosis. However, in addition to the healing cytokines released during efferocytosis, the immunosuppressive action of cytokines promotes the tumor microenvironment, enhances the motility of cancer cells and promotes the evasion of antitumor immunity. The aim of the present review was to comprehensively discuss the efferocytosis phenomenon, the important players associated with this process and their role in cancer-related biological events.
Collegiate Athletic Trainers' Knowledge of the Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport
Authors: Kroshus Emily , DeFreese J. D. , Kerr Zachary Y.
Published: December 2017

Context: 

The female athlete triad (Triad) and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) specify the consequences of energy imbalance. Athletic trainers (ATs) are positioned to identify athletes who are fueling themselves inadequately and experiencing related health and performance consequences.

Objective: 

To assess the knowledge of collegiate ATs about the Triad and RED-S and to examine variability in related screening and referral behaviors among National Collegiate Athletic Association divisions.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

Collegiate athletic training departments.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Head ATs at National Collegiate Athletic Association member institutions (n = 285, response rate = 33%).

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

An electronic survey was administered. The number of Triad components that were correctly identified and screening and referral behaviors related to Triad components were measured.

Results: 

Nearly all respondents (98.61% [n = 281]) had heard of the Triad; a smaller proportion (32.98% [n = 94]) had heard of RED-S. On average, respondents correctly identified 2 components of the Triad. We observed differences by sex, with women correctly identifying more components than men (U = 12.426, P = .003). More than half (59.93% [n = 163]) indicated that athletes at their institutions were screened for eating disorders. Nearly three-quarters (70.55% [n = 115]) of respondents indicated that all female athletes at their institutions were screened annually for menstrual dysfunction. More comprehensive referral behaviors for athletes identified as experiencing menstrual dysfunction or a bone injury (eg, athlete referred to a nutritionist, dietitian, or counselor) occurred at Division I institutions than at Division II and III institutions.

Conclusions: 

Continuing education for ATs about the Triad and RED-S may encourage a more comprehensive approach to referral and screening after a diagnosis of menstrual dysfunction or bone-stress injury. Using institutional opportunities, such as preparticipation screening, for identifying components of the Triad or RED-S and specifying protocols for referring athletes who screen positive for 1 of these components should also be explored.
The Organizational Climate in Collegiate Athletics: An Athletic Trainer's Perspective
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Eason Christianne M.
Published: December 2017

Context: 

An organizational climate is largely based on an employee's perceptions of the working conditions in which he or she engages regularly. A multifaceted concept, the organizational climate is often formed by perceptions of employee welfare, rewards, and support. Achieving work-life balance is also a part of the climate.

Objective: 

To learn collegiate athletic trainers' perceptions of organizational climate and specifically how it may pertain to their work-life balance.

Design: 

Phenomenologic study.

Setting: 

Collegiate practice setting.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Thirty athletic trainers working in the collegiate athletics setting took part in 1-on-1 phone interviews. The participants were 30.5 (interquartile range [IQR] = 7.75) years old and had been certified for 7 (IQR = 5) years and at their current position for 4 (IQR = 3) years.

Data Collection and Analysis: 

Participants completed a phone interview that followed a semistructured framework. All transcribed interviews were analyzed using a phenomenologic approach. Researcher triangulation, expert review, and data saturation were used to establish credibility.

Results: 

Athletic trainers working in the collegiate athletics setting who had positive perceptions of their work-life balance described their organizational climate as family friendly. Our participants' supervisors allowed for autonomy related to work scheduling, which provided opportunities for work-life balance. These athletic trainers believed that they worked in a climate that was collegial, which was helpful for work-life balance. In addition, the importance of placing family first was part of the climate.

Conclusions: 

The perceptions of our participants revealed a climate of family friendliness, supervisor support, and collegiality among staff members, which facilitated the positive climate for work-life balance. The mindset embraced the importance of family and recognized that work did not always have to supersede personal priorities.
Estruturação ofensiva no voleibol masculino de alto nível: análise em função da zona do ataque
Authors: Costa Gustavo De Conti Teixeira , Maia Mariana Pereira , Capuzzo Juliano , Evangelista Breno Ferreira de Britto , Freire Auro Barreiros , Nora Fernanda Grazielle da Silva Azevedo , Campos Mário Hebling , Ugrinowitsch Herbert
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n5p611 The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between variables of the game on the offensive structure from the zone in which attack is performed in high-level Men’s volleyball. The sample was composed by 12 teams, with the analysis of 142 games, which totalized 19,545 reception, set and attack actions. Data analyses were run with descriptive statistic and the qui-quadratic test for searching association between the variables. The results showed association between tempo of attack and attack effect, type of attack and attack zone and attack zone and tempo of attack and attack effect. It was concluded that Brazilian teams underuse backcourt attacks, and the offensive structure accomplished through the faster game, which is mainly important on attacks carried out in positions 2, 3 and 4. Furthermore, the reception quality proved to be the precursor factor in the construction of attack. It was also observed that there was no 1st tempo of attacks from the backcourt, indicating that it is necessary to change the type of game, specifically with the increment of the speed of sets conducted by the backcourt.
Soja: mercantilização e externalização no sudoeste paranaense
Authors: Bazotti Angelita , Paula Nilson Maciel de , Mielitz Netto Carlos Guilherme Adalberto
Published: December 2017

Segundo estabelece a teoria microeconômica o tamanho ótimo para produção de soja está situado em grandes áreas, nas quais, devido aos ganhos de escala, a eficiência no uso dos recursos e a produtividade por unidade de área chegam a seu ponto máximo. Daí a associação comumente aceita entre sojicultura e grandes produtores, em função da qual os pequenos produtores, devido à sua suposta inviabilidade econômica não deveriam se dedicar a essa atividade. No entanto, esse pressuposto não dá conta da persistência desses agricultores na sojicultura por gerações, o que requer explicações formuladas num campo mais amplo que o cálculo econômico. Tendo isso como desafio, este artigo tem o objetivo de explorar como o processo de mercantilização e externalização contribuem para explicar a permanência dos agricultores familiares nessa atividade. A base empírica para esta análise é a região Sudoeste Paranaense, caracterizada por ampla diversidade produtiva, acesso a políticas públicas e pela predominância da agricultura familiar.
A necessidade faz a oportunidade: software Neolo
Authors: Brandão Saulo Cunha de Serpa
Published: December 2017

Neste trabalho disserto sobre uma pesquisa que venho desenvolvendo desde 2013 e que resultou na construção de um software para analisar diversos dados de textos. O programa conta com 12 funcionalidades, mas neste ensaio eu tratarei apenas das 4 mais complexas e inéditas em algoritmos para uso por pesquisadores sem experiência em computação.
Somatotipo, composição corporal e desempenho em ultramaratona
Authors: Belli Taisa , Meireles Cláudio Luiz de Souza , Costa Mônica De Oliveira , Ackermann Marco Aurélio , Gobatto Claudio Alexandre
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n2p127 This study aimed to characterize somatotype, analyze anthropometric indicators associated with body composition during the race and verify possible relationships with the performance of athletes in a 217-km ultramarathon. For this, ten male volunteers (42.8 ± 3.5 years; 171.4 ± 1.9 cm height, 70.7 ± 3.1 kg body mass; 15 ± 3 years of running exercise) performed a critical velocity (CV) test one week before the competition and were submitted to anthropometric measurements before, at 84 km of the race and at the end of the race. Volunteers finished the race in 46.8 ± 3.4 h (4.9 ± 0.4 km / h; 33.4 ± 1.8% CV). Mean values equivalent to somatotype components accounted for 3.4 ± 0.4 for endomorphy, 5.2 ± 0.4 for mesomorphy and 1.7 ± 0.3 for ectomorphy. Body mass, body mass index, fat-free mass and chest circumference decreased (P <0.05) after 84 and 217 km compared to baseline. Pre-race values of thigh skinfold thickness (R = 0.79) and waist circumference (R = 0.64) were significantly correlated (P <0.05) with final race time. Thus, we concluded that ultramarathoners had mean endo-mesomorph somatotype and reductions in both body mass and fat-free mass during and after the race. Furthermore, the results suggest that increased body fat deposits concentrated in the lower limbs and abdominal region may have a negative impact on the performance of the athletes in 217-km ultramarathon.
Efeitos da composição corporal na capacidade aeróbia de animais submetidos ao exercício de natação
Authors: Castoldi Robson Chacon , Coladello Leandro Fernandes , Koike Tatiana Emy , Ozaki Guilherme Akio Tamura , Magalhães Alan José Barbosa , Papoti Marcelo , Camargo Filho Regina Celi Trindade , Carmargo Filho José Carlos
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n2p136 The aim of this study was to verify the influence of body composition on the CAER of animals submitted to different types of physical training. Twenty-three Wistar rats were divided into groups according to the training protocol: control (CTLE); aerobic training (TAE); anaerobic training (TAN); and concurrent physical training (TCc). The critical load test (CC) was carried out for determining the anaerobic threshold at the beginning and end of the training period. TAE was composed of swimming exercise with intensity corresponding to 70% of the anaerobic threshold; TAN was composed of water jumps with overload of 50% of the body weight of each animal; and TCc was composed of a combination of aerobic and anaerobic protocols described above. After four weeks of training, the weight of epididymal adipose tissue and soleus, plantar and gastrocnemius muscles was collected and measured. Dispersion analysis was used to draw graphics and analysis of the simple linear regression model was performed to identify the influence of each variable on CAER. Body Fat demonstrated positive influence of 5% on the relationship with the Anaerobic Threshold. Soleus and gastrocnemius muscles showed negative influence of 13.1% and 37.0%, respectively. The plantaris muscle showed no influence on the Anaerobic Threshold. Body composition influenced the CAER of the animals analyzed. Moreover, it was verified that body fat favored floatability, while higher muscle mass impaired it.
Relationship Between Jumping Ability, Agility and Sprint Performance of Elite Young Basketball Players: A Field-Test Approach
Authors: Asadi Abbas
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n2p177 The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between sprint, agility and jump performance of elite young basketball players. Sixteen elite national level young male basketball players participated in this study. The jumping ability of each player was determined using countermovement jump (CMJ), and broad long jump (BLJ). The agility T test (TT) and Illinois agility test (IAT) were assessed to determine the agility, and 20-m sprint time was also measured to determine sprint performance. The results of Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis indicated moderate correlation between training age and IAT (r = -0.57; p = 0.021). Strong correlations were found between CMJ and BLJ (r = 0.71; p = 0.002), and between TT and IAT (r = 0.70; p = 0.002). Similarly, 20-m sprint time was strong correlated with CMJ (r = -0.61; p = 0.011), BLJ (r = -0.76; p = 0.001), TT (r = 0.77; p = 0.001), and IAT (r = 0.68; p = 0.003). In addition, CMJ was strongly correlated with TT (r = -0.60; p = 0.013), and IAT (r = -0.64; p = 0.007), and also strong correlation between BLJ with TT (r = -0.85; p = 0.001) and IAT (r = -0.76; p = 0.001). The findings of the present study indicated significant correlation between sprint and agility, jumping ability and sprint performance and between jumping ability and agility performance in basketball players. Therefore, the results suggest that sprint, agility and jumping ability share common physiological and biomechanical determinants.
Comparação entre dois modelos de treinamento sobre o gasto energético de repouso e a composição corporal de adolescentes com obesidade
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Affonso Parenti de , Rossi Fabrício Eduardo , Buonani Camila , Diniz Tiego Aparecido , Monteiro Paula Alves , Antunes Bárbara De Mello , Fernandes Rômulo Araújo , Freitas Júnior Ismael Forte
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p268 Different types of physical activity programs have been used with the purpose of improving body composition and increasing resting energy expenditure (REE) in obese adolescents. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two training models on REE and body composition in this population. The study included 20 obese male adolescents, who were randomly assigned to follow two training models: strength training (n=8, age=13,4±1.0) and functional training (n=12, age= 13.0±1.1). Body composition variables were estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. REE was assessed by indirect calorimetry using the QUARK-PFT equipment (COSMED, Rome, Italy). The training protocol consisted of 30 minutes of aerobic training followed by 30 minutes of strength training (ST) or functional training (FT), both with a duration of 20 weeks. There were no significant differences between the two training models with regard to body composition (fat mass, FT= -7.6±5.5% vs. ST= -8.9±6.2%; p=0.620), (lean body mass, FT= 9.0±5.3% vs. ST= 6.8±6.7%; p=0.431) and to REE (FT= 19.6±15.3% vs. ST= 10.7±24.5%; p=0.331). Moreover, lean body mass (p=0.01) and fat mass (0.01) had an influence on REE. No differences were observed between the two training models, but both were effective in improving body composition and increasing REE in obese adolescents. Furthermore, the present study showed the importance of systematic physical training, since lean body mass and fat mass contributed to the increase in REE after the training period.
O treinamento mental gera efeito positivo na ansiedade competitiva de jovens nadadores?
Authors: Fortes Leonardo De Sousa , Lira Hugo Augusto Alvares da Silva , Lima Raphaella Christine Ribeiro de , Almeida Sebastião Sousa , Ferreira Maria Elisa Caputo
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p353 The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of mental training on the competitive anxiety of young swimmers. The sample consisted of 35 swimmers aged 15 - 17 years (M = 15.93; SD = 0.98), randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (EG, n = 17) and control group (CG, n = 18). The study lasted eight weeks. Both groups performed the same physical/technical training planning. CG watched advertisement videos while EG performed mental training. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) was administered to all athletes before the start of the season and the last week of the “taper” mesocycle. The findings revealed that the “cognitive anxiety” and “somatic anxiety” subscale scores attenuated from pre-test to post-test in EG (p = 0.01) and remained stable in CG (p = 0.15). The results showed that the “self-confidence” subscale score increased from pre-test to post-test in EG (p = 0.01) and remained stable in CG (p = 0.26). Significant difference was found in “cognitive anxiety” (p = 0.01), “somatic anxiety” (p = 0.01) and “self-confidence” (p = 0.01) subscales across EG and CG after 8 weeks. It was concluded that mental training was effective in reducing anxiety (cognitive and somatic) and increasing the self-confidence of young swimmers.
Impacto dos motivos de adesão na regulação da motivação de atletas máster de natação na temporada
Authors: Moreira Caio Rosas , Nascimento Junior José Roberto Andrade do , Mizoguchi Marcus Vinicius , Oliveira Daniel Vicentini de , Vieira Lenamar Fiorese
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n4p429 There are several reasons that lead a person to start and stay in a sport. In this case, reasons have fundamental importance for athlete motivation, once the higher the motivation, the more constant the search for better performance and continuity in sport. This study investigated the impact of adhesion reasons to the practice on the motivation of master swimmers. Survey participants were 48 master swimming athletes over a year of competition. Data collection was conducted with the Diagnostic Instrument of Adhesion of Swimming Practice and Sport Motivation Scale. For data analysis, Shapiro-Wilk, Friedman, Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation and Uni/Multivariate Regression were conducted (p<0.05). Results showed that adhesion reasons throughout the season remained the same (Well-Being and Prevention); identification extrinsic motivation increased over the year (p<0.05). Social Recognition reason had significant impact (p<0.05) on the External Regulation extrinsic motivation over the season, whereas Challenge, Performance and Social Recognition had an effect (p<0.05) on the self-determined motivation during the sporting year. It was concluded that for master athletes, self-determination is influenced by pursuit of performance and social relationship from the middle to the end of the competitive year. In addition, external reasons are critical throughout the season, especially at the beginning of the competition year.
Prevalência de níveis suficientes de atividade física em adolescentes: comparação entre a medida obtida de um questionário simplificado e a de um detalhado
Authors: Farias Júnior José Cazuza de , Barbosa Arthur Oliveira , Mendes Jonathan Karl Feitosa , Mendonça Gerfeson
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n4p450 This study aimed was to compare the prevalence of sufficient levels of physical activity produced by a measure of the simplified questionnaire compared to a detailed questionnaire and analyze the concordances between these measures in adolescents. This is cross-sectional study with 2,859 adolescents high school students (57.8% female, 14-19 years old), from the city of João Pessoa (PB), Northeast, Brazil. Physical activity was measured by two questionnaires: a simplified instrument, containing a single question and a detailed questionnaire. Adolescents engaging in physical activity ≥300 minutes/week were classified as sufficiently physically active. Agreement between the two measures was evaluated by the Kappa statistic (k) and sensitivity and specificity measures using the results of the detailed questionnaire as reference. The prevalence of adequate levels of physical activity was lower in the simplified questionnaire (20.1%; 95%CI: 18.6-21.6) compared to the detailed questionnaire (50.2%; 95%CI: 48.4-52.7). Inter-questionnaire agreement was slight (almost all with k<0.30). Sensitivity of the simplified questionnaire was low (from 26.4%, 95%CI: 22.9-30.0; to 40.9%, 95%CI: 37.0-45.0), and specificity was high (from 92.3%, 95%CI: 86.9-96.0; to 94.3%, 95%CI: 92.0-96.1). The agreement between the prevalence of sufficient levels of physical activity measured by a simplified and detailed questionnaire was low. Simplified questionnaires should be used with caution because they can underestimate the prevalence of levels of physical activity in adolescents.