bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colorless, transparent, and shape memory polyurethane networks with high strength and recyclability
Authors: Ma Xiaojuan , Yue Huimin , Huang Miaoming , Huang Gaoshang , Yao Chenxin , Wu Yaohui , He Suqin , Liu Hao , Liu Wentao , Zhu Chengshen
Published: October 2023

The traditional thermoset polyurethanes (PUs) can be recycled through the dynamic carbamate bonds under specific conditions. However, there is limited research on the structural evolution and property changes of these PUs before and after recycling. Herein, we designed and fabricated a thermoset polyurethane network (PCU) using polyhexamethylene carbonate diol (PHMC‐diol) as soft segments, and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and glycerol (GLY) as hard segments. Through careful formulation design, the PCU demonstrated colorless transparency (with up to 86% transmission), shape memory properties, and reprocessing capabilities, all achieved without introducing other dynamic covalent bonds. Furthermore, the PCU exhibited excellent mechanical properties, boasting a tensile strength of 59.2 ± 3.7 MPa and the elongation at break of 674.8 ± 37.3%. Of particular interest, the PCU samples displayed solid‐state plasticity and impressive shape memory performance, with shape fixity and recovery ratios exceeding 90%. Leveraging the combination of solid‐state plasticity and shape memory, the PCU samples demonstrated the ability to achieve arbitrary shape manipulations. Upon recycling, it was observed that the cross‐linking density of the PCU samples decreased, resulting in the formation of byproducts and subsequently leading to a reduction in tensile strength. Nonetheless, the PCU samples prepared in this study exhibit potential as thermadapt shape memory and recyclable materials.
Terahertz Probing of Anisotropic Conductivity and Morphology of CuMnAs Epitaxial Thin Films
Authors: Kubaščík Peter , Farkaš Andrej , Olejník Kamil , Troha Tinkara , Hývl Matěj , Krizek Filip , Joshi Deep Chandra , Ostatnický Tomáš , Jechumtál Jiří , Surýnek Miloš , Schmoranzerová Eva , Campion Richard P. , Zázvorka Jakub , Novák Vít , Kužel Petr , Jungwirth Tomáš , Němec Petr , Nádvorník Lukáš
Published: October 2023

Antiferromagnetic CuMnAs thin films have attracted attention since the discovery of the manipulation of their magnetic structure via electrical, optical, and terahertz pulses, enabling convenient approaches for switching between magnetoresistive states of the film for information storage. However, the magnetic structure and, thus, the efficiency of the manipulation can be affected by the film morphology and growth defects. In this study, the properties of CuMnAs thin films are investigated by probing the asymmetrical growth‐related uniaxial anisotropy of electric conductivity by contact‐free terahertz transmission spectroscopy. It is shown that the terahertz measurements conveniently detect the conductivity anisotropy that is consistent with conventional DC Hall‐bar measurements. Moreover, the terahertz technique allows for considerably finer determination of anisotropy axes, and it is less sensitive to the local film degradation. Thanks to the averaging over a large detection area, the THz probing also allows an analysis of strongly non‐uniform thin films. Using scanning electron and near‐field terahertz microscopies, the observed anisotropic conductivity of CuMnAs is related to the elongation and orientation of growth defects, which both originate in the anisotropic growth of the films. In addition, control over the morphology of defects is demonstrated by using vicinal substrates.
Neural sensitivity to facial identity and facial expression discrimination in adults with autism
Authors: Van der Donck Stephanie , Hendriks Michelle , Vos Silke , Op de Beeck Hans , Boets Bart
Published: October 2023

The fluent processing of faces can be challenging for autistic individuals. Here, we assessed the neural sensitivity to rapid changes in subtle facial cues in 23 autistic men and 23 age and IQ matched non‐autistic (NA) controls using frequency‐tagging electroencephalography (EEG). In oddball paradigms examining the automatic and implicit discrimination of facial identity and facial expression, base rate images were presented at 6 Hz, periodically interleaved every fifth image with an oddball image (i.e. 1.2 Hz oddball frequency). These distinctive frequency tags for base rate and oddball stimuli allowed direct and objective quantification of the neural discrimination responses. We found no large differences in the neural sensitivity of participants in both groups, not for facial identity discrimination, nor for facial expression discrimination. Both groups also showed a clear face‐inversion effect, with reduced brain responses for inverted versus upright faces. Furthermore, sad faces generally elicited significantly lower neural amplitudes than angry, fearful and happy faces. The only minor group difference is the larger involvement of high‐level right‐hemisphere visual areas in NA men for facial expression processing. These findings are discussed from a developmental perspective, as they strikingly contrast with robust face processing deficits observed in autistic children using identical EEG paradigms.
Evaluation of the effect of designed PLGA‐arctiin nanoparticles modified with folic acid and chitosan on colon cancer cells
Authors: Alhadidi Mohammed Hussein Ajel , Tabrizi Masoud Homayouni , Ghobeh Maryam
Published: October 2023

In this study, we designed nanoparticles (NPs) based on polylactic acid glycolic acid modified with chitosan and folic acid to optimize the anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of arctiin (ARC), and we measured its effects on cancer cells, including colon cancer. NPs were synthesized using the W1/O/W2 double‐emulsion solvent evaporation method. Physicochemical characteristics of synthesized NPs (ARC‐PCF‐NPs), including average particle size, dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), field emission scanning electron microscope figures, and encapsulation efficiency (EE), were evaluated. 2,2′‐Azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods were carried out to determine the antioxidant properties of NPs. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide assay was performed to investigate cytotoxicity effects on cancer cells and normal fibroblasts. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was also performed on inflammatory and antioxidant genes. The obtained results indicated that the synthesized NPs have a size of 100 nm, a DPI of 0.36, a ZP of 26.30 mV, and EE was calculated at about 87.5%. The antioxidant influence of ARC‐PCF‐NPs was confirmed by inhibiting ABTS and DPPH free radicals and ferrous reduction in the FRAP method. Moreover, the reduction of inflammatory and antioxidant genes confirmed the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties of NPs. These results indicate the modification of the surface of NPs in order to increase the bioavailability, stability, and effectiveness of medicinal compounds in therapeutic applications.
Metabolism of testosterone and progesterone by cytochrome P450 2C19 allelic variants
Authors: Takeji Shiori , Okada Mai , Hayashi Shu , Kanamaru Kengo , Uno Yuichi , Imaishi Hiromasa , Uno Tomohide
Published: October 2023

CYP2C19 is a member of the human microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP). Significant variation in CYP2C19 levels and activity can be attributed to polymorphisms in this gene. Wildtype CYP2C19 and 13 mutants (CYP2C19.1B, CYP2C19.5A, CYP2C19.5B, CYP2C19.6, CYP2C19.8, CYP2C19.9, CYP2C19.10, CYP2C19.11, CYP2C19.13, CYP2C19.16, CYP2C19.19, CYP2C19.23, CYP2C19.30, and CYP2C19.33) were coexpressed with NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase in Escherichia coli. Hydroxylase activity toward testosterone and progesterone was also examined. Ten CYP2C19 variants showed Soret peaks (450 nm) typical of P450 in the reduced CO‐difference spectra. CYP2C19.11 and CYP2C19.23 showed higher testosterone 11α, 16α‐/17‐ and progesterone 6β‐,21‐,16α‐/17α‐hydroxylase activities than CYP2C19.1B. CYP2C19.6, CYP2C19.16, CYP2C19.19, and CYP2C19.30 showed lower activity than CYP2C19.1B. CYP2C19.9, CYP2C19.10. CYP2C19.13, and CYP2C19.33 showed different hydroxylation activities than CYP2C19.1B. These results indicated that CYP2C19 variants have very different substrate specificities for testosterone and progesterone.
Coherent lives: Making sense of adoptees’ experiences in education through narrative identity
Authors: Brown Andrew , Shelton Katherine
Published: October 2023

Children adopted from care become part of a hidden, but no less vulnerable, group in the education system and may be overlooked for allocation of additional support and guidance. Adoption is a relatively unique experience and adds layers of complexity, difference and vulnerability to young people's lives that are poorly understood and under‐researched. Adopted adolescents face significant challenges in social, emotional and behavioural aspects of school life. An attainment gap persists throughout their educational career. Adoptees are strikingly absent from many conversations regarding care‐experienced young people yet their needs and challenges are comparable with those of their peers remaining in the care system. Assumptions are made about adoptees’ opportunity and capacity to recover, concealing challenges faced in adjusting to adoptive life, including education. The impact of adoptees’ early experiences could lead to complex identity formation processes during adolescence, with potential implications for education experience and performance. This paper explores the potential of applying a narrative adoptive identity perspective to answer questions about how adopted children and young people experience school as an adopted person, i.e. how does their lived experience as an adopted member of a school community impact on their engagement with school, schoolwork and peer networks? The concept of ‘communicative openness’ is used to illustrate the vital role the school community plays in enabling adopted children to transition into and thrive in school. Taking a narrative adoptive identity approach may enable teachers to better meet adoptees’ specific learning and teaching needs as dictated by their unique experiences and enhance opportunities for better educational progress.
Life detection in a universe of false positives
Authors: Smith Harrison B. , Mathis Cole
Published: October 2023

Astrobiology aims to determine the distribution and diversity of life in the universe. But as the word “biosignature” suggests, what will be detected is not life itself, but an observation implicating living systems. Our limited access to other worlds suggests this observation is more likely to reflect out‐of‐equilibrium gasses than a writhing octopus. Yet, anything short of a writhing octopus will raise skepticism about what has been detected. Resolving that skepticism requires a theory to delineate processes due to life and those due to abiotic mechanisms. This poses an existential question for life detection: How do astrobiologists plan to detect life on exoplanets via features shared between non‐living and living systems? We argue that you cannot without an underlying theory of life. We illustrate this by analyzing the hypothetical detection of an “Earth 2.0” exoplanet. Without a theory of life, we argue the community should focus on identifying unambiguous features of life via four areas: examining life on Earth, building life in the lab, probing the solar system, and searching for technosignatures. Ultimately, we ask, what exactly do astrobiologists hope to learn by searching for life?
Expression and application of aflatoxin degrading enzyme gene in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Li Li , Mei Mengning , Wang Jun , Huang Jiang , Zong Xuyan , Wang Xiangyu
Published: October 2023

In this study, three aflatoxin degrading enzyme genes, tv‐adtz, arm‐adtz and cu‐adtz, were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. The protein expression of the enzyme solution was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the results showed that specific protein bands were detected and the target genes were successfully integrated into Pichia pastoris. The enzyme activities and detoxification efficiency of TV‐ADTZ, Arm‐ADTZ and Cu‐ADTZ crude enzyme solutions were detected, and the highest enzyme activities were up to 3.57, 4.30, and 2.41 U mL−1, and the highest degradation rates were up to 45.58%, 60.0% and 34.21%, respectively. Arm‐ADTZ with the best degradation effect was selected and designed for detoxification application experiments to test its detoxification efficiency of AFB1 in aqueous phase and in the process of moldy ground corn and preparation of DDGS, respectively, and the degradation rates reached 78.94%, 56.48%, and 24.31% after 24 h of reaction, respectively. Thus, it can be seen that the aflatoxin‐degrading enzyme gene was successfully integrated into Pichia pastoris and secreted for expression, and the expressed product could effectively degrade AFB1.
A low‐cost cure for CUREs: An undergraduate microbiology course engaging students in authentic research using publicly available datasets
Authors: Avramovska Ognenka , Rokop Megan E.
Published: October 2023

Undergraduate research experiences are key to preparing STEM students for a range of careers and graduate programs, and to impacting retention in STEM. Providing undergraduate research experiences can be challenging for institutions due to the high cost associated with equipment and reagents, lab space, and research mentors. In this study, we present an upper‐level microbiology seminar course that does not require these resources, as each student chooses and performs their own research project using data obtained from publicly available datasets. The faculty member provides hands‐on instruction and regular feedback to mentor the cohort of students through all stages of their research projects, from honing a research question, to choosing a dataset, to data analysis and visualization. Students build science communication skills through each writing a scientific paper, and creating and presenting a scientific poster. These papers and presentations, along with results from student pre‐ and post‐surveys, demonstrate that students built research and communication skills, while also building their confidence and interest in science careers. To access this research experience, students only need to register for this course; no application or selection is required, and no prior research experience is expected. The use of publicly available data makes this course a low‐cost way to integrate authentic research projects into the college curriculum, and can be adapted to courses in any discipline. Such “low‐cost CUREs” (course‐based undergraduate research experiences) can be used to build capacity for undergraduate research experiences that are so crucial to preparing students for opportunities in and beyond college.
Integrated UHPLC–QE/MS, transcriptomics and network pharmacology reveal the mechanisms via which Liang‐Yan‐Yi‐Zhen‐San promotes the browning of white adipose tissue
Authors: Yao Dong , Xing Bo , Li Xiang , Xu Zi‐Hua , Liu Qian , Liu Xin , Wu Qiong , Cui Ya‐Ling , Fan Ying , Zhao Qing‐Chun
Published: October 2023

We have previously shown that Liang‐Yan‐Yi‐Zhen‐San (LYYZS), an ancient Chinese herbal formula, can promote the browning of white adipose tissue. In this study, we sought to determine which active ingredients of LYYZS mediated its effects on the browning of white adipose tissue. Employing ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–Q‐Exactive HF mass spectrometry, a total of 52 LYYZS ingredients were identified. On this basis, 1,560 ingredient‐related targets of LYYZS were screened using the HERB databases. Meanwhile, RNA sequencing analysis of the inguinal white adipose tissue of mice produced a total of 3148 genes that were significantly differentially expressed following LYYZS treatment and differentially expressed genes regarded as browning‐related targets. Through the network pharmacological analysis, a total of 136 intersection targets were obtained and an ingredient–target–pathway network was established. According to network pharmacology analysis, 10 ingredients containing trans‐cinnamaldehyde, genistein, daidzein, calycosin, arginine, coumarin, oleic acid, isoleucine, palmitic acid and tyrosine were regarded as active ingredients of browning of white adipose tissue. Integrated evaluation using chemical analysis, transcriptomics and network pharmacology provides an efficient strategy for discovering the active ingredients involved in how LYYZS promotes the browning of white adipose tissue.
Cognitive control impairment in ax‐continuous performance test in patients with schizophrenia: A pilot EEG study
Authors: Li Bing , Liu Chao‐meng , Wang Li‐na , Jin Wen‐qing , Pan Wei‐gang , Wang Wen , Ren Yan‐ping , Ma Xin , Tang Yi‐lang
Published: October 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cognitive control impairment in patients with schizophrenia (SPs) using electroencephalogram (EEG).

Methods

A total of 17 SPs and 17 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. We measured the EEG activity, whereas they performed the AX‐continuous performance test which consisted of the preparatory phase and the response phase. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used for cognitive function, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used for clinical symptom assessment. A univariate linear regression model was used to explore the relationships among behavioral index, event‐related potentials (ERPs), rhythmic oscillation power, and score of MCCB and PANSS.

Results

A significant difference was found in response accuracy and reaction time (RT) during the preparatory phase between patients and HCs (p < .05). During the response phase, the SPs exhibited longer RT than the HCs (p < .05). Analysis of the ERPs revealed that the amplitude of P3a on BX clues was significantly smaller in SPs than in HCs (p < .05). Additionally, the midline frontal theta power of neural oscillation was significantly lower in the SPs than in NCs both during the preparatory and response phases. The accuracies on BX clues (r = .694, p = .002) and d'context (r = .698, p = .002) were positively correlated with MCCB scores.

Conclusion

The present study revealed that patients with schizophrenia have deficits both in proactive and reactive cognitive control, with a greater reliance on reactive control during conflict resolution. The neural mechanisms of the cognitive control impairment may involve the inability to engage additional neural resources for proactive control, and a reduction in frontal midline theta power during both proactive and reactive control. The severity of proactive control impairment is positively correlated with an increased tendency to rely on reactive control.
Aberrant spontaneous static and dynamic amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations in cerebral small vessel disease with or without mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Zhang Xulian , Wang Zhigang , Zheng Darui , Cao Xuan , Qi Wenzhang , Yuan Qianqian , Zhang Da , Liang Xuhong , Ruan Yiming , Zhang Shaojun , Tang Weijie , Huang Qingling , Xue Chen
Published: October 2023

Background

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is considered an age‐related degenerative neurological disorder and the most common risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). The amplitude of fluctuation of low frequency (ALFF) can detect altered intrinsic brain activity in CSVD. This study explored the static and dynamic ALFFs in the early stage of CSVD with (CSVD‐M) or without (CSVD‐W) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in these patients and how these changes contribute to cognitive deterioration.

Methods

Thirty consecutive CSVD cases and 18 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. All the participants underwent a 3D magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo (MPRAGE) sequence to obtain structural T1‐weighted images. Simultaneous multislice imaging 5(SMS5) was used for resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI), and Data Processing and Analysis of Brain Imaging software helped determine static ALFF (sALFF). The dynamic ALFF (dALFF) was calculated using the sliding window method of DynamicBC software. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and two‐sample t‐test were used to evaluate the sALFF and temporal variability of dALFF among the three groups. The subjects were rated on a broad standard neuropsychological scale. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between sALFF and dALFF variability and cognition (Bonferroni correction, statistical threshold set at p < .05).

Results

Compared with HCs, the CSVD‐M group indicated decreased sALFF values in the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL) and the left inferior Parietal Lobule (IPL), with increased sALFF values in the right SFG. For dALFF analysis, the CSVD‐W group had significant dALFF variability in the right fusiform gyrus compared with HC. Moreover, the postcentral gyrus (PoCG) was significantly high in the CSVD‐W group. While in the CSVD‐M group, the bilateral paracentral lobules (PL) revealed significantly elevated dALFF variability and low dALFF variability in the left CPL and right IPL compared with HCs. The CSVD‐M group had high dALFF variability in the bilateral PL but low dALFF variability in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and right PoCG compared with the CSVD‐W group. The partial correlation analysis indicated that dALFF variability in the left MTG was positively associated with EM (r = 0.713, p = .002) in CSVD‐W and CSVD‐M groups. In the groups with CSVD‐M and HC, altered dALFF variability in the bilateral PL was negatively correlated with EM (r = −0.560, p = .002).

Conclusion

There were significant changes in sALFF and dALFF variability in CSVD patients. Abnormal spontaneous static and dynamic ALFFs may provide new insights into cognitive dysfunction in CSVD with MCI and may be valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis.
Reactive oxygen species targeted biomaterials for spinal cord injury therapy
Authors: Zuo Yanming , Ying Yibo , Huang Zhiyang , Shen Jiamen , Li Xiaokun , Wang Zhouguang
Published: October 2023

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) often cause individuals to suffer from painful illnesses and debilitating disabilities. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in injured tissues hampers treatment effectiveness. Unfortunately, there is presently no established clinical remedy for addressing SCI, particularly the injuries related to ROS. However, the materials science and technology field has made remarkable progress, resulting in the development of a wide range of biomaterials with unique properties for regulating ROS. This review aims to summarize the latest advancements in ROS‐targeted biomaterials designed specifically for the treatment of SCIs. Key scientific challenges in the evolution of ROS‐targeted neuroprotection strategies are also discussed. We anticipate that this comprehensive summary will be valuable to new researchers and highlight specific future avenues of research, contributing to the further advancement of ROS‐targeted biomaterials for SCI treatment.
Next‐generation agents for fluorescence‐guided glioblastoma surgery
Authors: Chirizzi Cristina , Pellegatta Serena , Gori Alessandro , Falco Jacopo , Rubiu Emanuele , Acerbi Francesco , Bombelli Francesca Baldelli
Published: October 2023

Glioblastoma is a fast‐growing and aggressive form of brain cancer. Even with maximal treatment, patients show a low median survival and are often subjected to a high recurrence incidence. The currently available treatments require multimodal management, including maximal safe surgical resection, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. Because of the infiltrative glioblastoma nature, intraoperative differentiation of cancer tissue from normal brain parenchyma is very challenging, and this accounts for the low rate of complete tumor resection. For these reasons, clinicians have increasingly used various intraoperative adjuncts to improve surgical results, such as fluorescent agents. However, most of the existing fluorophores show several limitations such as poor selectivity, photostability, photosensitization and high costs. This could limit their application to successfully improve glioblastoma resection. In the present perspective, we highlight the possibility to develop next‐generation fluorescent tools able to more selectively label cancer cells during surgical resection.
Efficacy and safety of pegfilgrastim biosimilar MD‐110 in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy: Single‐arm phase III
Authors: Takano Toshimi , Ito Mitsuya , Kadoya Takayuki , Osako Tomofumi , Aruga Tomoyuki , Masuda Norikazu , Miyaki Toshiko , Niikura Naoki , Shimizu Daisuke , Yokoyama Yuichi , Watanabe Manabu , Tomomitsu Masato , Aogi Kenjiro
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Pegfilgrastim is indicated to decrease the incidence of chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia. It is the first granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor approved for prophylactic use regardless of carcinoma type and is marketed in Japan as G‐LASTA (Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). MD‐110 is a biosimilar of pegfilgrastim. This phase III, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study investigated the efficacy and safety of MD‐110 in early‐stage breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant myelosuppressive chemotherapy.

Methods

A total of 101 patients received the study drug. Each patient received docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 (TC) for four cycles on day 1 of each cycle. MD‐110 (3.6 mg) was administered subcutaneously on day 2 of each cycle. The primary efficacy endpoint was the duration of severe neutropenia during cycle 1 (days with absolute neutrophil count < 500/mm3). The safety endpoints were adverse events and the presence of antidrug antibodies.

Results

The mean (SD) duration of severe neutropenia for MD‐110 was 0.2 (0.4) days. The upper limit of the two‐sided 95% confidence interval for the mean duration of severe neutropenia was 0.2 days, below the predefined threshold of 3.0 days. The incidence of febrile neutropenia, the secondary efficacy endpoint, was 6.9% (7/101). Adverse events, occurring in more than 50% of patients, were alopecia, constipation, and malaise, which are common side effects of TC chemotherapy. Antidrug antibodies were negative in all patients.

Conclusion

MD‐110 was effective against chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia. No additional safety concern, compared with the originator, was observed in patients with breast cancer receiving TC chemotherapy.(JapicCTI‐205230).
Object elicitation: A compassionate and culturally informed method for psychotherapy research
Authors: O'Brien Charlotte , Charura Divine
Published: October 2023

This study provides an innovative, compassionate and culturally informed method for psychotherapy research, using object elicitation with 13 participants from vulnerable groups. It examines the positive impact it has on building the research alliance, enhanced depth of sharing within qualitative research interviews and emic ways of knowing through the engagement with a culturally relevant, tangible, internalised or transitional object brought by vulnerable participants from diverse cultural contexts of origin. Results showcase how a creative and compassionate research method can promote a culturally informed research alliance with vulnerable participants, helping to build trust, rapport and relational depth; encourage elicitation of experiences; and empower emic and subjugated voices. The implications of this study make the case for the inclusion of object elicitation as a creative and compassionate method in qualitative research with traumatised and vulnerable individuals, which should be used as part of a culturally informed approach to psychotherapy research.
Consider SPPO guidance concerning photos, videos
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: October 2023

A photo or a video of a student can be an education record subject to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act.
Supreme Court decision concerning religious accommodations deserves attention
Authors: Porter Michael
Published: October 2023

The last few days of the U.S. Supreme Court term usually include headliner cases, and this year was no different with the affirmative action admissions cases and the Court's decision permitting a web‐designer to limit wedding services based on religious beliefs. Relatively speaking, the Court's decision on a religious accommodations case, Groff v. DeJoy, Postmaster General, S. Ct. Case 22‐174, June 29, 2023, flew under the radar. And while religious accommodations issues don’t arise frequently in athletics, when they do, athletics administrators must be thoughtful and work with legal counsel to evaluate legal obligations. Moreover, recent Supreme Court decisions concerning other religious freedoms have raised the profile of religious and associated rights, which will probably result in religious accommodations and religious freedom issues becoming more frequent throughout college campuses.
Tap into benefits of building connections
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: October 2023

After reaping and sharing the many positive benefits of being both a mentee and a mentor, Jenn Bell strongly encourages other college athletics administrators to follow suit. Getting involved with professional development programs will help to expand your network while also supporting your personal and professional growth and giving you opportunities to apply for grants, she noted.
Supporting foot interaction of reaction time training system
Authors: Zang Chenyu , Gai Wei , Li Haodong , Xing Chenzhi , Wang Wenfei , Li Dongli , Lv Gaorong , Yang Chenglei
Published: October 2023

Reaction time, the ability to detect, process and respond to stimuli, is one of the fundamental factors in human computer interaction, and is a key cognitive skill in clinical and healthy populations. Good reaction time allows us to respond to stimuli and situations with agility and efficiency. How to train and improve a person's reaction time has become an important research question. In this paper, we present a new training genre which combines the user‐centered personalized training objects generation with precise tracking of foot interaction.Virtual objects are created with respect to the user's features and historical training effectiveness, and are in motion. A foot tracking algorithm based on three‐Gaussian model is designed to support interaction with stepping on moving virtual objects. We present the design and implementation of the system, as well as user studies. Findings illustrate that the reaction time performances are significantly improved following of seven days of training based on foot interaction.
Brain cancer classification based on multistage ensemble generative adversarial network and convolutional neural network
Authors: Melekoodappattu Jayesh George , Kandambeth Puthiyapurayil Chaithanya , Vylala Anoop , Sahaya Dhas Anto
Published: October 2023

An advanced approach that capitalizes on the synergies between multimodal feature fusion and the dual‐path network is presented in this manuscript. Our proposed methodology harnesses a combination of potent techniques, merging the benefits of nonlinear mapping and expansive perception. The foundation of our methodology lies in leveraging well‐established pretrained models, namely EfficientNet‐B7, ResNet‐152, and a meticulously crafted custom convolutional neural network (CNN), to effectively extract salient features from the data. These models are combined in a two‐stage ensemble approach. We employ maximum variance unfolding (MVU) to select the most relevant attributes from the extracted features. In this study, we propose a hybrid approach that integrates a generative adversarial network and Neural Autoregressive Distribution Estimation (NADE‐K) with a CNN. The resulting two‐stage ensemble hybrid CNN model achieves an accuracy of 99.63%. The implementation of the two‐stage ensemble hybrid CNN with MVU demonstrates significant improvements in brain tumor classification.
A policy inventory and analysis of career and technical education (CTE) promise programs
Authors: Hyder Zachary J. , Collom Gresham D. , Yan Jackson
Published: October 2023

In this chapter, we explore statewide tuition‐free college programs which encourage students to earn Career and Technical Education (CTE) credentials. To map the current landscape of statewide Promise programs, we conducted a policy discourse analysis of all statewide Promise programs while focusing on policy features relevant to workforce training. We discuss the rationale for policymakers to entice students to participate in community college CTE programs, the sources of funding for these scholarships, and the unique features of the programs across the United States. We conclude our study by providing practical recommendations to increase student participation in free college programs.
Axonal sensory‐motor polyneuropathy in ankylosing spondylitis: A case report
Authors: Khalaji Amirreza , Kolahi Susan , Ghadakchi Leyla , Jafarpour Mehdi
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

In ankylosing spondylitis cases, axonal‐type sensory‐motor polyneuropathy is a rare manifestation and should be considered an underlying etiology in patients with unexplained neuropathy.

This case report discusses a 45‐year‐old male diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the axial skeleton and peripheral joints. The patient presented with polyneuropathy, characterized by tingling and numbness in the upper and lower limbs, which is an uncommon manifestation of AS. After undergoing various tests, including CT scans and EMG‐NCV, no secondary cause for the neuropathy was identified; AS was considered the etiology of the patient's axonal‐type sensory‐motor polyneuropathy.
PdCu Alloy Catalyst for Inhibition‐free, Low‐temperature CO Oxidation
Authors: Song Yuying , Svadlenak Scott , Bathena Tanmayi , Hazlett Melanie J. , Epling William S. , Goulas Konstantinos A. , Grabow Lars C.
Published: October 2023

Designing robust catalysts for low‐temperature oxidation is pertinent to the development of advanced combustion engines to meet increasingly stringent emissions limitations. Oxidation of CO, hydrocarbon, and NO pollutants over platinum‐group catalysts suffer from strong inhibition due to their competitive adsorption, while coinage metals are generally slow at activating O2. Through computational screening, we discovered a PdCu alloy catalyst that completely oxidizes CO below 150 °C without inhibition by NO, propylene or water. This is attributed primarily to geometric effects and the presence of CO bound to Pd sites within the Cu‐rich surface of the PdCu alloy. We demonstrate that the novel PdCu catalyst can be used in tandem with a PtPd catalyst to achieve sequential, inhibition‐free, complete oxidation of CO in a two‐bed system, while also achieving 50 % NO conversion below 120 °C. Moreover, neither water nor propylene adversely affect the low temperature CO oxidation activity.
Precise Construction of Cu‐Based Catalysts using Surface Molecular Modifiers for Electroreduction of CO2 to Multi‐Carbon Products
Authors: Zhang Tingting , He Jing , Xiang Xu
Published: October 2023

Converting CO2 into valuable chemicals has been intensively explored in recent years. Benefited from the substantial cost reduction of renewable electricity, the electrochemical methods have been emerging as a potential means for CO2 capture and conversion. Recently, molecular tuning has been recognized as a powerful technique to modify catalyst's surface and verified effective in improving CO2RR performance. However, there are few comprehensive and insightful reviews on molecularly modified Cu‐based catalysts to precisely modulate the activity and selectivity of C2+ products in CO2 reduction. Herein, the development of CO2RR plausible reaction mechanisms is first introduced. The process and reaction pathways of the carbon‐carbon coupling are briefly discussed. Four main aspects of the molecular tuning strategy of the CO2RR are described as the first coordination layer, second coordination layer, outer layer, and confined effects. The understanding of the improved C2+ performance is demonstrated for molecularly modified Cu‐based catalysts. The challenges and perspectives in this field are addressed to further inspire the disclosure of the fundamental understanding in CO2RR, the system optimization, advanced in situ and operando techniques, and integration of CO2 capture and conversion technology with high activity and selectivity for durable applications.
DNA Mismatch Repair Assessment in Gastric and Colon Cancers Using Stochastic Microdisks
Authors: Stefan‐van Staden Raluca‐Ioana , Bratei Alexandru Adrian , Ilie‐Mihai Ruxandra‐Maria , Gheorghe Damaris‐Cristina , Tuchiu Bianca Maria
Published: October 2023

Two stochastic microdisks were designed and validated for the DNA mismatch repair assessment in gastric and colon cancers, through determining simultaneously the concentrations of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and of KRAS in whole blood, urine, saliva, and tumoral tissues. The active surface of the stochastic microdisks was composed of a thin layer of graphene paste decorated with nitrogen, boron, and sulfur and modified with inutec (SP) and with frutafit (FT), respectively. High sensitivities were recorded when the SP was used as modifier. All limits of determination were of fg mL−1 magnitude order. The paired student‐t‐test done at 99.00 % confidence level revealed that there are no significative differences between the results obtained using the two stochastic microdisks. Validation of the screening tests of whole blood, urine, saliva, and tumoral tissues was also done using the recovery tests when % recovery was higher than 87.00 %, with %RSD values lower than 1.00 %.
Metal Carbide Additives in Graphite‐Silicon Composites for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Piñuela‐Noval Juan , Fernández‐González Daniel , Brutti Sergio , Suárez Marta , Mazzei Franco , Navarra Maria Assunta , Verdeja Luis Felipe , Fernández Adolfo , Agostini Marco
Published: October 2023

The pathway for improving lithium‐ion batteries′ energy density strongly depends on finding materials with enhanced performance. Although great efforts have been done, on the anode‐side, graphite is still the best choice. In the last decade, silicon elements are attracting growing attention as anode since their use can theoretically increase specific capacity of the negative electrode side. However, as the electrochemical mechanism involves the alligation of a large amount of Li, the silicon electrode experiences huge volume changes (more than 300 % of its initial volume), leading to fractures and pulverizations of the electrode. Herein, we propose for the first time using Molybdenum and Chromium Carbides as additive to stabilize graphite/silicon composites. Spark plasma sintering technology is used to sinter the electrode powders. We demonstrated that the presence of molybdenum or chromium carbides promotes the performance of C/Si electrodes, improving the cycling stability compared to pristine graphite/silicon electrodes.
Polyfluoroalkyl Chain‐Based Assemblies for Biomimetic Catalysis
Authors: Liu Ning , Gao Ping , Lu Hai‐Yan , Fang Lei , Nicolas Julien , Ha‐Duong Tâp , Shen Jiang‐Shan
Published: October 2023

Amphiphobic fluoroalkyl chains are exploited for creating robust and diverse self‐assembled biomimetic catalysts. Long terminal perfluoroalkyl chains (CnF2n+1 with n=6, 8, and 10) linked with a short perhydroalkyl chains (CmH2m with m=2 and 3) were used to synthesize several 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (TACN) derivatives, CnF2n+1‐CmH2m‐TACN. In the presence of an equimolar amount of Zn2+ ions that coordinate the TACN moiety and drive the self‐assembly into micelle‐like aggregates, the critical aggregation concentration of polyfluorinated CnF2n+1‐CmH2m‐TACN⋅Zn2+ was lowered by ∼1 order of magnitude compared to the traditional perhyroalkyl counterpart with identical carbon number of alkyl chain. When 2’‐hydroxypropyl‐4‐nitrophenyl phosphate was used as the model phosphate substrate, polyfluorinated CnF2n+1‐CmH2m‐TACN⋅Zn2+ assemblies showed higher affinity and catalytic activity, compared to its perhyroalkyl chain‐based counterpart. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamic simulations have been introduced to explore the supramolecular assembly of polyfluoroalkyl chains in the presence of Zn2+ ions and to better understand their enhanced catalytic activity.
PROTOCOL: Medical‐financial partnerships for improving financial and health outcomes for lower‐income Americans: A systematic review
Authors: Birkenmaier Julie , Maynard Brandy , Shanks Hannah , Blumhagen Harly
Published: October 2023

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The primary objectives of this review is to answer the following research questions using formal research studies: What is the extent and quality of MFP intervention research? What are the effects on financial outcomes of financial services embedded within healthcare settings? What are the effects on health‐related outcomes of financial services embedded within healthcare settings?
Tau: More than a microtubule‐binding protein in neurons
Authors: Alonso Alejandra del Carmen , El Idrissi Abdeslem , Candia Robert , Morozova Viktoriya , Kleiman Frida Esther
Published: October 2023

Tau protein was discovered as a microtubule‐associated protein nearly 50 years ago, and our understanding of tau has revolved around that role. Even with tau's rise to stardom as a central player in neurodegenerative disease, therapeutic efforts have largely been targeted toward cytoskeletal changes. While some studies hinted toward non‐cytoskeletal roles for tau, it is only fairly recently that these ideas have begun to receive considerable attention. Many new binding partners for tau have been identified, including DNA, RNA, RNA‐binding proteins, some receptors, and other tau molecules. The diversity of tau binding partners coupled with the discovery of tau other than axonal compartments such as nucleus, dendrites, and synapses have led to the proposal of novel functions for tau in roles such as nuclear stability, cell signaling, transcriptional processing, and protein synthesis. Tau self‐assembly in particular has made an impact, leading to the hypothesis that a prion‐like function of hyperphosphorylated tau is central to tauopathies. With tau emerging as a multifaceted protein that operates in many parts of the cell and with many molecular partners, the field of tau biology is primed for discoveries that can provide new perspectives on both the unique biochemistry of tau and the nature of devastating neurological diseases.
The discovery of tau protein
Authors: Kirschner Marc
Published: October 2023

In January of this year I received an unexpected request from George Bloom to contribute an historical perspective on “the discovery of tau protein,” an event that occurred roughly 50 years ago. My first thought was that it could not have been that long ago, as the memories of what was my first independent scientific discovery are still fresh in my mind today. But 50 years is half a century and, as I thought about the events, I realized how much the practice of science has changed.
Discovery of a Dual‐Target Inhibitor of CDK7 and HDAC1 That Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration in Colorectal Cancer**
Authors: Chen Yao , Zhang Shuangqian , Li Zhijia , Yin Bo , Liu Yi , Zhang Lan
Published: October 2023

Aberrant expression or dysfunction of cyclin‐dependent kinase 7(CDK7) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) are associated with the occurrence and progression of various cancers. In this study, we developed a series of dual‐target inhibitors by designing and synthesizing compounds that incorporate the pharmacophores of THZ2 and SAHA. The most potent dual‐target inhibitor displayed robust inhibitory activity against several types of cancer cells and demonstrated promising inhibitory effects on both CDK7 and HDAC1. After further mechanistic studies, it was discovered that this inhibitor effectively arrested HCT‐116 cells at the G2 phase and induced apoptosis. Additionally, it also significantly hindered the migration of HCT‐116 cells and exhibited notable anti‐tumor effects. These findings offer strong support for the development of dual‐target inhibitors of CDK7 and HDAC1 and provide a promising avenue for future cancer therapy.
Moving out of CF3‐Land: Synthesis, Receptor Affinity, and in silico Studies of NK1 Receptor Ligands Containing a Pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) Group
Authors: Witoszka Katarzyna , Matalińska Joanna , Misicka Aleksandra , Lipiński Piotr F. J.
Published: October 2023

The NK1 receptor (NK1R) is a molecular target for both approved and experimental drugs intended for a variety of conditions, including emesis, pain, and cancers. While contemplating modifications to the typical NK1R pharmacophore, we wondered whether the CF3 groups common for many NK1R ligands, could be replaced with some other moiety. Our attention was drawn by the SF5 group, and so we designed, synthesized, and tested ten novel SF5‐containing compounds for NK1R affinity. All analogues exhibit detectable NK1R binding, with the best of them, compound 5 a, (3‐bromo‐5‐(pentafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl)benzyl acetyl‐L‐tryptophanate) binding only slightly worse (IC50=34.3 nM) than the approved NK1R‐targeting drug, aprepitant (IC50=27.7 nM). Molecular docking provided structural explanation of SAR. According to our analysis, the SF5 group in our compounds occupies a position similar to that of one of the CF3 groups of aprepitant as found in the crystal structure. Additionally, we checked whether the docking scoring function or energies derived from Fragment Molecular Orbital quantum chemical calculations may be helpful in explaining and predicting the experimental receptor affinities for our analogues. Both these methods produce moderately good results. Overall, this is the first demonstration of the utility of the SF5 group in the design of NK1R ligands.