bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VACCINE INJURY COMPENSATION MECHANISM FOR ADVERSE EVENTS CAUSED BY COVID-19 VACCINES IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Mustaffa Nurul Masirah , MOKHTAR FAHIRAH SYALIZA , Mohamad Ariff Akmalia , ABDUL MANAP NAZURA , Abd Wahid Mohd Effendy
Published: January 2024

Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) or vaccine injury is an issue of great concern in many nations, including Malaysia. This issue has long attracted the public's interest, but the emergence of COVID-19 disease has triggered greater interest as nations engaged in mass vaccination programs for their citizens. This is further exacerbated by the growing dissatisfaction with the traditional tort litigation system which necessitates exploring alternative ways to deal with vaccine injury cases. While the vaccine injury compensation program (VICP) has been implemented in several countries to compensate affected individuals following vaccination, not all VICP can cater to public health emergencies, especially regarding vaccine COVID-19. Malaysia, for example, has a similar program known as Special Financial Assistance Vaccine (SFA), which allows individuals to receive financial assistance if they suffer from AEFI COVID-19. Thus, this paper is intended to review and analyse the VICP in Southeast Asian countries and its implementation in Malaysia. This qualitative research was based on document review and comparative methodologies by exploring the VICP in Southeast Asia and similar mechanism in Malaysia to enrich the subject matter of the vaccine COVID-19 liability. The finding shows that the VICP program seems to be a great alternative in dealing with vaccine injury cases, especially in addressing the growing dissatisfaction with the traditional tort litigation system. Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand has its own VICP for affected individuals with COVID-19 vaccines  while Myanmar, Cambodia, Timor-Leste, Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines is under COVID-19 vaccine injury compensation scheme by COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) offered in 92 low- and middle-income nations.
COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE: ACEH TRADITIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE SDGS LOCAL WISDOM OF ACEHNESE COASTAL COMMUNITIES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Mardhiah Nellis , Muhammad Zikri , Saputra Jumadil , Triayanto Triayanto , Marefanda Nodi
Published: January 2024

Dynamic village institutions and adaptive village culture are in accordance with the local wisdom of coastal communities on Simeulue Island to realize the development of SDGs based on local wisdom which is the right strategy in government organizations to fulfil public services. Targets and development carried out with the strength of the social values ​​of coastal communities that have been determined with the provisions of public policy, namely Qanun Number 10 of 2008 concerning customary institutions in Aceh. The explanation in the Qanun is that customary institutions can adjust village institutions and culture that are adaptive in managing rice fields by the Keujreun Blang customary institution. Methods This research was carried out using a descriptive approach and qualitative analysis. The data sources of this research consist of primary and secondary data, interview data collection techniques and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction and data presentation as well as data verification in drawing conclusions according to the results of the research objectives. The result of the research is that with the implementation of customary institution policies, Keujruen Blang handles cases according to their duties and functions as rice field management to improve welfare. Thus, the village government in the Aceh region requires an interactive participatory approach by the village government to coastal communities to grow sustainable village development goals. Specifically, the development targets have realized the solidarity value of planning the development of rice plants in rice fields simultaneously, but the supervision inherent as an embodiment of sustainable development policies is still weak, not controlled by a directed mechanism in accordance with public policy provisions. The realization of participatory village development requires a method of implementing targeted policies guided by standard mechanisms and operational procedures that are integrated with binding government regulations in accordance with an adaptive culture in accordance with the local wisdom of coastal communities on the island of Simeulue Aceh.
Predictors of Persecutory Ideation: Impact of Hell Anxiety and Demonic Struggle among 100 level Accounting Students of Nasarawa State University Keffi
Authors: Tobechi Uzoigwe , Monday Akawu
Published: January 2024

Religion has been linked to mental health over the years, but its connection to persecutory ideation remains unclear. In this study, Nassarawa State University students' persecutory ideation is examined in relation to religious characteristics as predictors. A cross-sectional survey design was used in the study. In the study, a sample of 162 individuals was chosen at random from the student body. Both the independent and dependent variables were measured with three standardized tools. The use of multiple regression analysis was used to formulate and test two hypotheses. However, the researchers discovered that students' thoughts of being persecuted were jointly and significantly predicted by both hell anxiety and demonic conflict (F = 4.598, p=0.013, R2 = 0.105, r=0.325). Individually, that demonic struggle had significant contributions to the prediction of persecutory ideation. (R2= 0.342, t=2.844; P < 0.05). Hell, anxiety did not significantly predict persecutory ideation. (R2= -0.043, t=-0.360; P > 0.05). These findings recommended that religious authorities consider. minimizing satanic and hell themes in their sermon and focusing on angels, heaven, forgiveness, and other positive concepts that promote a favorable perspective of God, thereby improving the mental health of its congregation. Additionally, psycho-spiritual therapy on the guidance of one's life by good supernatural beings like angels may assist in lessening religiously insured persecutory thinking
Exploration of Dynamics of Corporate Performance and Corporate Governance
Authors: Saebah Nur , Merthayasa Alit , Azzahra Adelia , Rahayu Riska
Published: January 2024

This research explores the dynamics of corporate performance and governance in the context of globalization and fierce business competition. With a focus on the Spanish tourism sector and evaluating corporate governance in Latin America, the study uses a mixed approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis. The study aimed to understand the relationship between corporate performance and corporate governance by exploring the differences between family and non-family businesses. The research provides insight into how ownership, management, and governance practices can affect corporate performance through literature studies, return on capital analysis, and corporate governance evaluations. The results show that family businesses have unique dynamics involving emotional involvement and creativity, while good corporate governance is concerned with consistency of return on capital. Implications include a better understanding for organizational leaders in making investment decisions and sustainable business strategies. This research makes theoretical and practical contributions to understanding performance dynamics and corporate governance in global and local business contexts.
Model Latihan Teknik Renang Gaya Bebas pada Atlet Pemula di Klub Embun Pagi Jakarta Timur
Authors: Fatchur Rohim  , Asrori Yudha Prawira  , Desy Tya Maya Ningrum  , Faridatul’ Ala
Published: January 2024

Renang gaya bebas merupakan suatu gerakan yang dilakukan dengan ayunan kaki, putaran tangan, dan pernafasan. Ciri khas gaya bebas adalah posisi tubuh sejajar di permukaan air dalam satu garis lurus. Penelitian model latihan teknik renang gaya bebas yang dilakukan dengan rancangan atau produk yang dapat dipakai untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah konkret dalam proses latihan, model yang digunakan dalam bahan ajar ini adalah ADDIE model. Subjek coba pada tahap penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga ahli. Berdasarkan penelitian yang sudah dilakukan dengan pembuatan produk model latihan teknik khususnya renang gaya bebas yang sudah layak di uji cobakan. Dengan hasil data yang diberikan kepada validator cabang olahraga renang yang dinyatakan sudah efektif dalam penggunaan proses latihan renang gaya bebas pada atlet pemula Klub Embun Pagi Jakarta Timur.
Bureaucratic Legal Consciousness: Perception of the Right to Access to Information of Public Importance in Public Authorities in Serbia
Authors: Bezbradica Anja
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the legal consciousness of public officials who decide on the right to access information of public importance in authorities of the Republic of Serbia (authorized persons). The empirical small-scale study presented here aims to determine the characteristics of authorized persons’ consciousness concerning this rights. Therefore, a qualitative research design was chosen. Through in-depth semi-structured interviews with ten authorized persons from various public authorities, an attempt was made to answer the question: what are the public officials’ subjective perceptions of the right to information? Since the presented research does not belong to the legal effectiveness studies, these subjective perceptions were not compared with the statutory or doctrinal definition of the right to information. The aim was to examine whether there is a single, unique “bureaucratic narrative” or these public officials differ in how they perceive this right. Based on the data obtained from the interviews, we established four legal narratives about the right to information.
Globalno grabljenje zemljišta i novi ekstraktivizam: Postsocijalistička perspektiva
Authors: Petrović Mina
Published: January 2024

U radu se neoekstraktivizam kao sadašnja faza u razvoju kapitalizma analitički povezuje sa fenomenom grabljenja/zgrtanja (grabbing) zemljišta, koji se odnosi na direktne strane investicije u manje razvijene zemlje, usmerene ka pribavljanju zemljišta radi eskploatacije ruda i minerala, produkcije biogoriva i hrane. U prvom delu radu izlažu se relevantna kritička tumačenja procesa grabljenja zemljišta i neoekstraktivizma, i otvara pitanje da li uočena teritorijalizacija borbi protiv navedenih procesa doprinosi porastu njihovog mobilizacijskog potencijala ili populističkih podvajanja. U drugom delu rada skreće se pažnja na izloženost evropskih postsocijalističkih zemalja grabljenju zemljišta i neoekstraktivizmu, uključujući iskustvo Srbije, i ukazuje da je to još relativno zapostavljena istraživačka tema u sociologiji.
Odgovor države na zloupotrebu vatrenog oružja u porodičnom kontekstu u Srbiji: Politike, efekti i izazovi
Authors: Ćopić Sanja , Dokmanović Mirjana
Published: January 2024

Posedovanje vatrenog oružja, bilo da je ono u legalnom ili nelegalnom posedu, predstavlja faktor rizika za nasilje u porodici, posebno za teže oblike nasilja, uključujući femicid. Rad ima za cilj da ukaže na rodnu dimenziju zloupotrebe vatrenog oružja u porodično-partnerskom kontekstu i neophodnost međusobnog usaglašavanja pozitivnih propisa i politika u cilju efikasnijeg suzbijanja i sprečavanja nasilja u porodici zloupotrebom vatrenog oružja. Rad se zasniva na triangulaciji podataka prikupljenih iz različitih izvora, uključujući dosadašnja istraživanja, podatke koje beleže i evidentiraju državni organi u vezi sa zloupotrebom vatrenog oružja u porodično-partnerskom kontekstu, pozitivnopravne propise i javne politike relevantne za suzbijanje i reagovanje u slučaju nasilja u porodičnom i partnerskom kontekstu upotrebom vatrenog oružja. Istraživanja pokazuju da prisustvo vatrenog oružja povećava za pet do devet puta rizik od smrtnog ishoda u slučajevima porodičnog nasilja. Većina žrtava porodičnih ubistava zloupotrebom vatrenog oružja su žene. One su u najvećem broju slučajeva žrtve svojih partnera. I pored toga što je država unapredila pravni i strateški okvir za sprečavanje nasilja u porodici, broj slučajeva oružanog nasilja u porodičnom kontekstu ostaje stabilan. Takođe, broj žena ubijenih u porodično-partnerskom kontekstu na godišnjem nivou u Srbiji je na sličnom nivou, bez većih oscilacija. Sve to upućuje na zaključak da je neophodno unaprediti delotvornost regulative i politika u ovoj oblasti.
Demokratska psihijatrija u Italiji kao ideja i pokret
Authors: Gojković Teodora
Published: January 2024

Osnovni cilj ovog rada je da, na osnovu analize sekundarnih izvora, pruži osvrt na nastanak i razvoj specifične misli i pokreta u Italiji, koji se zalagao za dekonstrukciju i reformisanje tradicionalne psihijatrije i njene prakse šezdesetih i sedamdesetih godina prošlog veka. Demokratski psihijatri u Italiji su demokratizaciju psihijatrije shvatali kao proces deinstitucionalizacije psihijatrijske moći i „depsihijatrizacije“ u teoriji i u praksi, što se odnosi na preispitivanje klasifikacija, dijagnoza i tehnicizama kojima se psihijatri služe. Zahvaljujući njihovom političkom zalaganju, Zakonom o psihijatriji (Zakon 180) iz 1978. godine zabranjena je izgradnja novih psihijatrijskih bolnica, sprečena transformacija tadašnjih psihijatrijskih bolnica u profilisana odeljenja opštih bolnica, smanjen je broj kreveta na psihijatrijskim odeljenjima u opštim bolnicama i uvedeni su rigorozniji kriterijumi prinudne hospitalizacije, što je, posledično, dovelo do njenog potpunog ukidanja. Psihijatrijske ustanove azilarnog tipa i dalje su gotovo u potpunosti iskorenjene u Italiji, dok je izglasavanje Zakona 180 Italiju, istorijski gledano, učinilo prvom zemljom sa tako progresivnim zakonom u psihijatriji, čije varijante su deceniju kasnije prihvaćene i u drugim evropskim zemljama (Nemačka, Grčka, Mađarska, itd). Premda je reforma psihijatrije u Italiji dovela do humanizacije psihijatrijskog tretmana i izmeštanja psihijatrije u društvenu zajednicu, prednosti i nedostatke tekovina demokratske psihijatrije u Italiji, u kontekstu savremenog globalno-kapitalističkog društva, trebalo bi empirijski ispitati, čemu bi ovaj rad mogao da posluži kao smernica.
Media Portrayals of Prison Life and Criminal Justice: A Narrative Literature Review on Shaping Public Perceptions and Policy Implications
Authors: Milićević Milena , Drndarević Nikola
Published: January 2024

The media plays a powerful role in shaping public perceptions of prisons, prisoners, and the criminal justice system, which are often negative and influenced by various factors, emphasising the importance of critically assessing these portrayals for a more nuanced understanding. This narrative review summarises and analyses existing literature on diverse depictions of prison life across different media. A comprehensive literature search resulted in 33 studies covering the years 1993–2023. Using content analysis, four themes exploring prison portrayals and public perceptions were identified: 1) discrepancies between media and reality of prison experiences; 2) specificities of public perceptions, including media representations; 3) media influence on public attitudes and beliefs regarding incarceration, rehabilitation, and punitive measures within the criminal justice system; and 4) impact on criminal justice policies and policy reforms. In conclusion, media representations of prisons, prisoners, and the criminal justice system significantly impact public attitudes by often sensationalising and perpetuating negative stereotypes, which, in turn, influences legal processes and policymakers’ decisions, underscoring the need for more balanced depictions to foster informed discussions and challenge biases.
Uslovi života i porodični kontakti u zatvoru: Ključni faktori za kvalitet zatvorskog života osuđenika u Srbiji
Authors: Alexandra Marić Tiana , Kamenović Hristina
Published: January 2024

Istraživanje analizira generalno zadovoljstvo kvalitetom zatvorskog života dve grupe osuđenika u Srbiji: osuđenih lica koja su prvi put u zatvoru i lica sa penološkim recidivom (H1), kao i doprinos uslova života u zatvoru i kontakta sa porodicom, pretpostavljajući da kontakt sa porodicom u većoj meri doprinosi zadovoljstvu kvalitetom zatvorskog života osuđenika u Srbiji od uslova života u zatvoru (H2). Glavni cilj istraživanja je ispitivanje značaja uslova života u zatvorima Srbije i održavanja porodičnih veza osuđenika, imajući u vidu da su ove osnovne potrebe ključne za postizanje zadovoljavajućeg kvaliteta zatvorskog života, kao i za podržavanje uspešnih procesa rehabilitacije i kasnije socijalne reintegracije. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 670 ispitanika iz pet kazneno-popravnih ustanova Srbije. Primenjen je upitnik Merenje kvaliteta zatvorskog života (MQPL), a hipoteze testirane t-testom za nezavisne uzorke (H1) i standardnom višestrukom linearnom regresijom (H2). Dodatnim analizama je pojedinačno istražena povezanost ostalih MQPL dimenzija sa zadovoljstvom zatvorskim životom. Analiza nije rezultirala statistički značajnim razlikama u generalnom zadovoljstvu kvalitetom zatvorskog života između osuđenih lica koja su prvi put u zatvoru i lica sa penološkim recidivom, što opovrgava H1. Rezultati višestruke regresije ukazuju na statističku značajnost modela (F(2, 603) = 247.88, p < .001), pri čemu je individualni doprinos Uslova života u zatvoru dosta veći kada se oduzme procenat varijanse koji objašnjava Kontakt sa porodicom nego u obrnutom slučaju, što opovrgava H2. Analize pojedinačnih MQPL dimenzija pokazuju da slično objašnjavaju procenat varijanse kriterijuma, uz izuzetak dimenzije Bezbednost koja individualno objašnjava najmanji procenat (R2 = .29, F(4, 576) = 57.45, p < .001). Tumačeni u kontesktu prethodnih istraživanja, rezultati ukazuju na značaj uslova života u zatvorskom kontekstu. Ovakav nalaz upotpunjuju iskazi ispitanika koji jasno opisuju nehumane uslove u kojima žive. Date su preporuke za unapređenje samog instrumenta i identifikovane teme za buduća istraživanja u cilju sprovođenja praktičnih politika koje bi obezbedile poboljšanje kvaliteta života osuđenika, a ne samo preživljavanje kazne.
Tretman osuđenih na kaznu zatvora: Teorijska i empirijska razmatranja
Authors: Simović Milica
Published: January 2024

Sagledavanjem postojeće kriminološke literature može se uvideti značajan napor ka proučavanju različitih oblika tretmana osuđenika, koji ukoliko se na adekvatan način sprovode mogu doprineti njihovoj resocijalizaciji i ponovnom uključenju u tokove svako-dnevnog života. S obzirom na zastupljenost raznovrsnih gledišta, autor se u radu osvrće na ključna pitanja koja odlikuju tretman, predstavljajući predloge i tehnike usmerene u cilju njegovog poboljšanja, razvijene od strane istraživača. Koliko je zaista potreban adekvatan oblik tretmana, kakav uticaj sa sobom nosi i sa kojim poteškoćama se susreće, pitanja su koja predstavljaju srž rada, ali i studije sprovedene u kazneno-popravnom zavodu u Sremskoj Mitrovici, oktobra 2022. godine, nad 218 osuđenika razvrstanih u zatvorena i poluotvorena odeljenja zavoda. Studiju je odlikovao anamnestički pristup, a kao glavni instrument prikupljanja podataka pojavljuje se anonimna anketa na osnovu upitnika putem kojih je ispitana uloga tretmanskih oblika u reintegraciji osuđenika, kroz sagledavanje stavova samih osuđenika o njihovom doprinosu i uključenosti službenika tretmana u njihovo sprovođenje. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo i uzorak od dvadeset jednog službenika tretmana, pri čemu je akcenat stavljen i na sagledavanje postojeće perspektive tretmana iz ugla zaposlenih službenika. Prikazana je zastupljenost nekoliko glavnih oblika tretmana i njihova korelacija sa promenom grupa u odeljenjima zavoda, kao i povezanost između motivacije za reintegracijom i odvijanjem postavljenih tretmana. Analiza upitnika službenika tretmana dokazala je njihovu obučenost i posvećenost, a uputila na sagledavanje glavnih poteškoća sa kojima se susreću tokom odvijanja tretmana.
Tretman zavisnosti osuđenih lica od psihoaktivnih supstanci u zatvoru
Authors: Nikolov Jelena
Published: January 2024

Problem istraživanja: Tretman zavisnosti osuđenih lica od psihoaktivnih supstanci obuhvata različite intervencije, od terapijskih alternativa zatvaranju, tretmana u zatvorima i zatvorske programe reintegracije. Iako se mnogo naučne pažnje posvećuje programima za tretman zavisnosti u zajednici, znatno manje istraživanja posvećeno je programima u zatvorima. Osuđena lica koja nisu podvrgnuta tretmanu zavisnosti imaju veći rizik od smrtnosti nakon puštanja iz zatvora, ponovljenog vršenja krivičnih dela, niže stope zaposlenosti, probleme sa stanovanjem i loše fizičko zdravlje. Cilj: Rad je sproveden sa ciljem da se sveobuhvatno prikažu teorijska i empirijska uporišta pri proučavanju tretmana zavisnosti osuđenih lica od psihoaktivnih supstanci u zatvoru, njihovih karakteristika, motiva i drugih faktora koji održavaju zloupotrebu psihoaktivnih supstanci u zatvoru, kao i nastojanja u vezi sa unapređenjem tretmana, ali i prikaz rezultata istraživanja i podataka o prevalenci. Metode: Istraživanje se bazira na kritičkom pregledu literature. Primenjena je teorijska analiza i sinteza empirijskih nalaza. Diskusija: Analizirani rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je prevalencija zloupotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci u zatvorima visoka, od 2% do 63%. Ukoliko se zavisničko ponašanje ne leči, visoka je verovatnoća da će se osuđeni vratiti kriminalnim ponašanjima. Neki od najefikasnijih metoda tretmana osuđenih lica zavisnih od psihoaktivnih supstanci su kognitivno-bihejvioralna terapija i terapijska zajednica. Zaključak: Pregledom empirijskih istraživanja i teorijskih modela ustanovljeno je da je potrebno posvetiti veću pažnju povećanju kvalitetu nege i kreiranju podržavajućih sistema, od ulaska osuđenih lica u zatvor do njihovog otpusta i prihvata u zajednicu. Preporuka je da svim novim osuđenih licima koji zloupotrebljavaju psihoaktivne supstance treba pružiti simptomatsko lečenje i tretman.
Značaj socijalnog preduzetništva za radnu integraciju osuđenih lica
Authors: Mihajlović Aleksandar
Published: January 2024

Socijalno preduzetništvo kao inovativni oblik poslovanja koji u sebi objedinjuje tržišne principe funkcionisanja, kao i posebnu društvenu ulogu u cilju prevazilaženja određenih životnih poteškoća sa kojima se susreću pripadnici različitih osetljivih društvenih grupa, po prvi put je dobilo svoje normativno uporište u Republici Srbiji donošenjem Zakona o socijalnom preduzetništvu. Predmet ovog rada jeste socijalno preduzetništvo u kontekstu radne integracije osuđenih lica, a cilj ovog istraživanja jeste da ukaže do koje mere ovaj novi zakonski okvir može da bude primenjen i kao svojevrstan oblik postpenalne pomoći u Republici Srbiji. Zakon o izvršenju krivičnih sankcija i Zakon o izvršenju vanzavodskih sankcija i mera predviđaju da postpenalna pomoć nakon izlaska osuđenog lica iz zatvora obuhvata i podršku vezanu za integraciju na tržište rada, ali bez detalja na koji način bi se to konkretno ostvarilo. Stoga, socijalno preduzetništvo nakon donošenja Zakona 2022. godine u Republici Srbiji treba iskoristiti kao svojevrstan oblik radne integracije osuđenih lica. Dodatno uočavanje ove perspektive socijalnog preduzetništva odgovarajućim dokumentom javne politike bi doprinelo boljem planiranju i kreiranju mera u cilju postizanja željenih rezultata (smanjenje stope recidivizma), kao i praćenju efektivnosti i efikasnosti primene usvojenih pravnih rešenja iz novog propisa.
Izvršenje kazne „kućnog zatvora“: Problemi u praksi
Authors: Brovet Tamara
Published: January 2024

Kazna zatvora sa izdržavanjem u prostorijama u kojima osuđeni stanuje (tzv. „kućni zatvor“) se javlja kao jedna od najzastupljenijih alternativnih krivičnih sankcija u praksi domaćih sudova, naročito nakon poslednjih izmena Krivičnog zakonika kojima je značajno smanjena mogućnost izricanja uslovne osude. Specifičnost ove sankcije se ogleda u samom izvršenju kazne zatvora, jer ona ne predstavlja posebnu sankciju već različit način izvršenja kazne zatvora, koja se ne izdržava u zavodu za izvršenje kazne zatvora već u prostorijama u kojima osuđeni stanuje, što je po pravilu povoljnije za osuđeno lice. Međutim, „kućni zatvor“, iako predstavlja oblik izvršenja kazne zatvora, u mnogome se razlikuje od „klasičnog zatvora“ i zbog svojih karakteristika jeste sui generis vid lišenja slobode. Iako ovakav specifičan način izvršenja kazne zatvora koji se s obzirom na svoje karakteristike svrstava u alternativnu krivičnu sankciju ima brojne prednosti, u praksi se javljaju i značajni problemi prilikom realizacije „kućnog zatvora“, naročito prilikom započinjanja izvršenja, koje zakonodavac nije precizno regulisao, zbog čega često dolazi do nemogućnosti da se uopšte započne sa izvršenjem. Takođe, treba ukazati i na smanjenu mogućnost praćenja resocijalizacije učinioca prilikom izvršenja „kućnog zatvora“ u odnosu na klasičnu kaznu zatvora koju osuđeni izdržava u penalnim uslovima, tačnije u specijalizovanoj ustanovi za izvršenje kazne zatvora. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na uočene probleme prilikom izvršenja ove vanzavodske krivične sankcije u praksi sudova, te da pruži moguća rešenja problema koji nastaju prilikom realizacije kazne „kućnog zatvora“.
Research on the Relationship Between Military Personnel's Engagement in Social media and Job Performance and organizational Climate - A Case Study of complaint Facebook Fan Pages
Authors: Chang Chung-Wei , Tseng Shih-Hsien , Lee Ming-Yen
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The study investigates the impact of social media engagement, using complaints on Facebook fan pages as an example, on the job performance of military personnel. The mediating effect of organizational climate is also examined. The study focuses on personnel from various army units, with a sample size of 336. The validity of the questionnaire is verified through factor analysis, followed by the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) to validate the overall path and model fit. The findings reveal that social media engagement has a positive and significant influence on organizational climate and job performance, with a mediating effect. The study proposes a partial mediation model, suggesting that military management does not need to excessively monitor fan page content. Instead, creating transparent and legitimate channels, interacting with unit members, and addressing problems and needs can enhance individual job performance and task effectiveness.

Keywords: Social Media Engagement, Organizational Climate, Job Performance.
The role of integrating technology in teaching numeric skills to children with visual impairment in Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Parveen Zahida , Naqvi Burhan Ahmad , Abbas Adeel , Zahid Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Visually impaired children face mathematics problems at the class level and have hurdles in learning basic numeric skills. This situation calls for action research to identify the effects of integration technology on teaching visually impaired children's basic numeric skills. This study has been conducted by integrating the technologies in teaching basic numeric skills to children with visual impairment through practical action research. The study population included visually impaired students at the Government Institute for Blind Gujranwala, District Gujranwala, Pakistan. Action research impacts technology integration in teaching children with visual impairment (CVI) basic numeric skills. The study was taken from practical action research in the institution where the researchers taught visually impaired students in the classroom. Seven visually impaired students were the participants in this research. Researchers implemented ten days of intervention planned to teach them different assistive technologies. Two instruments, a pre-test and a post-test, were used to collect the data. The study shows a qualitative difference among the students in learning basic numeric skills. The students faced many issues in solving basic numeric skills. The results also indicate that a lack of skills in mathematics subjects to use integration technologies is a big challenge for teachers.
The impact of leadership styles on employee performance in Hyderabad Electric Supply Company, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Sahito Asghar Ali , Khoso Masood Abass , Dharejo Nazia , Mahesar Hakim Ali , Nisa Noor Un
Published: January 2024

The research focused on leadership styles and employee performance conducted within HESCO, a Sindh-based energy distribution company in Pakistan. A convenience sampling approach was used for this study, involving 131 participants. The research methodology primarily utilised quantitative techniques, with a structured questionnaire as the data collection tool. A Likert scale assessed the impact of various leadership styles on employee performance. Data collected from the surveys were comprehensively analysed using the SPSS software. This analysis encompassed descriptive statistics, normality testing, and an assessment of reliability (Cronbach's Alpha). Among the leadership styles studied, the democratic approach had the most significant positive impact on employee performance. Subsequently, the laissez-faire and authoritarian leadership styles followed in terms of their effects on employee performance. The outcomes showed that authoritarian leadership is successful over the long run and can be problematic in many circumstances. Conversely, in situations where team members demonstrate high competence, motivation, and self-sufficiency, the laissez-faire leadership style can prove beneficial. Consequently, it has been established that leadership styles positively and substantially impact personnel performance.
Dynamics of Pakistan-US relations after US withdrawal from Afghanistan: challenges and prospects
Authors: Ullah Asad , Sulaiman Sadia , Bukhari Syed Adnan Ali Shah
Published: January 2024

Since the 1950s till February 2023, ties between Pakistan and the United States (US) have seen many highs and lows. The current dynamics of Pakistan-US relations after the US withdrawal from Afghanistan have posed myriad challenges and further complicated the relationship between the two countries. The withdrawal has impacted the dynamics of the relationship between Pakistan and the US, and the implications of this shift have far-reaching consequences for regional security and stability. The paper discusses those challenges and brings forth the prospects that will shape the future of the relationship after new developments, including security concerns, geo-economic, people-to-people ties, and climate change. The researchers put the study together by using a qualitative research design. The theoretical framework of research is based on using soft power, which suggests that Pakistan-US relations could be improved by prioritising diplomacy, trade, dialogue, and cooperation rather than relying on threats and coercion. Overcoming the historical animosity in the Pakistan-US relationship presents a significant challenge for both states. Engaging in sustained and constructive dialogue will require mutual trust, prudence, determination, and strong political will. The paper concludes by stressing the importance of cooperation over common issues, trust-building, and a geo-economic approach to the relationship.
Bridge maintenance parameters: a case study of railway bridges in Pakistan
Authors: Uddin Muhammad Ghiyas , Ali Muhammad , Ali Atif , Zubair Ashir
Published: January 2024

Ensuring railway bridges' safe and efficient operation is fundamental to infrastructure management. This study comprehensively analyses critical parameters in bridge maintenance, encompassing maintenance standards, regular inspections, funding, training, and technology adoption. Leveraging a Google survey administered to Pakistani railway bridge engineers and inspectors, the research provides insights into the existing maintenance landscape and avenues for enhancement. SPSS analysis was employed to scrutinise the survey data. Timely repairs, utilisation of high-quality materials, and the proactive replacement of damaged components emerge as pivotal factors underpinning effective bridge maintenance. However, the perceived suboptimal standard of maintenance for Pakistan Railways (PR) bridges necessitates substantial improvements. While current maintenance procedures exhibit moderate effectiveness, they warrant refinement. Overcoming the challenges of insufficient funding and inadequate training is paramount in bridge maintenance. Furthermore, harnessing technological advancements offers promise but demands specialised training and considerable investments. This study highlights the crucial significance of regular inspections, emphasising the urgency of increasing inspection frequencies in Pakistan. These findings are a foundation for developing more efficient and effective bridge maintenance programs, safeguarding the longevity and safety of railway bridges within the broader transportation framework.
Responsive design elements in traditional streets: a case study of Abbottabad, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Iftikhar , Khan Shakir Ullah , Shah Syed Ismail
Published: January 2024

The streets play an important role due to urbanisation in Pakistan by providing the open spaces to the communities to interact with each other.  This research examines how streets in Pakistani cities serve as public gathering places that encourage social interaction. Traditional street designs include social parameters such as interaction, congregating, and celebrating various occasions. This is one of their most fundamental characteristics of traditional streets. It seeks to comprehend the multiple scales of urban experience that can be used to observe, analyze, and categorize streets. A qualitative research methodology is used based on in-depth observations of the spatial and social factors that mould the streets and give them their dynamic urban qualities. The paper concludes that Pakistani cities have distinctive characteristics that reflect their cultural and traditional diversity and that the streets ought to transform to accommodate these characteristics and the local climate. According to the paper, which uses Abbottabad as a case study, streets should be designed at the micro-level, considering the sociocultural and experiential opportunities for users, including local community and visitors, as well as the practical requirements of connectivity and communication.
Statistical properties and different estimation methods of Inverse Unit Gompertz Distribution with applications on health data sets
Authors: Bashir Shakila , Tayyab Ammara , Mushtaq Nadia , Naqvi Itrat Batool , Vafaeva Khristina Maksudovna
Published: January 2024

Continuous probability distributions are always helpful in lifetime data and health-related data sets. Various techniques exist to develop new probability distributions, adding new parameters and applying different transformations. Adding new parameters is not always good; rather, it can also have complex expressions for the function and properties. This research aimed to develop a model without adding new parameters, which will work more efficiently than the existing models. This study proposes a new probability density function by taking the inversion of a random variable whose probability density function is Unit Gompertz Distribution. The newly proposed distribution is called an Inverse Unit Gompertz Distribution (IUGD). Various properties include reliability/survivorship measures, odd function, elasticity, and Mills ratio. Different statistical properties such as moments, quantile function, and Lorenz and Bonferroni curves for IUGD are developed. Five estimation methods are discussed for unknown parameters of the IUGD, and simulations have been conducted. Finally, IUGD is applied to two real-life data sets, i.e., COVID-19 death rates in the Netherlands and the pain relief time of individuals who received analgesics experienced. IUGD is flexible compared to other competing densities. Moreover, the proposed density can be used for health-related data sets to take accurate precautions and treatments.
Enhancing reservoir computing for secure digital image encryption using finance model forecasting
Authors: Aoun Muhammad , Rehman Shafiq Ur , Javed Rawal
Published: January 2024

New research is changing the face of financial forecasting by combining reservoir computing with digital image encryption at a time when data security is of the utmost importance. This groundbreaking study combines digital image encryption with reservoir computing to suggest a novel method for financial forecasting. This creative method uses a reservoir network to encrypt digital photos securely, increasing their resistance to attacks and demonstrating the power of reservoir computing, a well-known machine learning concept. This approach significantly improves financial time series data forecasting accuracy and reliability using hyper-clusteratic models. When reservoir computing and hyper-chaotic models are tightly integrated, outcome is improved financial decision-making. Empirical tests have validated the technology's effectiveness and efficiency, showcasing its potential practical applications in financial forecasting and image encryption. The study examines numerical simulations in a dynamic reservoir framework that demonstrate encryption and decryption powers of reservoir computing, demonstrating its ability to comprehend input signals and generate answers that are desired. Critical phases include assessing the approach's effectiveness using metrics for encryption quality, attack resilience, and computing efficiency. Preparing picture representations for processing is also crucial. It is necessary to train the readout layer to translate reservoir states to encrypted picture pixels differently.
Dismissals for Cannabis Use: Determining Substantive Fairness
Authors: Newaj Kamalesh
Published: January 2024

Since the Constitutional Court’s legalisation of the use of cannabis in private, dismissals for workplace infractions arising from testing positive for cannabis are on the rise. Such dismissals have been justified by employers on the basis of zero-tolerance policies. The standpoint being endorsed by the courts is that as long as the employer can justify the need for a zero-tolerance approach, dismissal is the automatic default position for the breach of the workplace rule. While the law on the workplace implications for cannabis use is still in its infancy, there is a substantive body of law, applicable to cannabis use, on dismissals for alcohol use in which zero-tolerance policies are also applied. Surprisingly, these established principles in respect of alcohol use have not been engaged with by the courts in dealing with cannabis related infractions. This article seeks to evaluate the recent court decisions and to determine whether the legal principles that are developing accord with the legislative framework and judicial requirements in determining the substantive fairness of a dismissal.
(Im)mobility as Group Disadvantage: Are Vehicle Requirements in Candidate Attorney Recruitment Justifiable?
Authors: Rammila Davy
Published: January 2024

Nearly three decades since the fall of apartheid, South Africa, to a considerable extent, has not achieved the level of transformation desired in respect of the attorney’s profession. Efforts at encouraging or supporting diversity have not been helped by a recent trend which has transformed the entry requirements for the profession from those based on educational qualifications and equity to those based on [unequal] economic and social privilege. As the number of black graduates grew, recruiters increasingly required applicants for practical vocational training contracts to own, or at least have access to, motor vehicles as a minimum requirement for eligibility. This contribution evaluates the validity of these requirements within the existing employment law framework and establishes that socio-economic circumstances affecting ethnic majorities of South Africans operate against the imposition of such requirements. The contribution acknowledges the amended rules introduced by the Legal Practice Council in 2021 to address the issue. However, it argues that the enforcement mechanisms of the council have at times proven inadequate. It suggests that such shortcomings in enforcement emphasise the continued importance of labour law in resolving employment disputes within the profession. It concludes that vehicle requirements are incapable of justification under the available defence of the inherent requirement of the job in terms of the Employment Equity Act.
Case Notes: Restraint of Trade Clauses: Anything New from the Courts?
Authors: Botha Monray Marsellus
Published: January 2024

Restraint of trade agreements are not new. Recently the courts have been faced with deciding various challenging issues in this respect, such as whether a pandemic has an impact on the enforceability of a restraint, and whether a restraint of trade should be amended based on public policy which imports values of fairness, reasonableness, and justice. This note revisits the general principles governing restraint of trade agreements as a background to examining the latest trends in such cases.
Workers’ Social Security in South Africa: COIDA amended
Authors: Kahn George I B
Published: January 2024

This contribution briefly outlines the history and background of workers’ compensation in South Africa, with a focus on its legal purpose and function. In doing so, the genesis of the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act (COIDA) during apartheid and its development into the constitutional era is considered. This includes an analysis of the latest Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Amendment Act (COIDAA) and a critique of the likely success, partial success and/or failure of the amendments to rectify some of the problems stemming from the legislation. It focuses on the elements of rehabilitation, rationalisation, restrictions, privatisation, constitutionalism, parity, decriminalisation, governance, and compliance as contained in the amendments.
Recurring Problem of Interpretation: Determining the Date of an ‘Ongoing’ Act or Omission
Authors: Makhura Molatelo , Phillips Jeremy , Gwebityala Amos
Published: January 2024

The Labour Relations Act 1995 (LRA) aims to achieve the effective and expeditious resolution of labour disputes. That the LRA prescribes time periods in which disputes must be referred bears this out. Despite this, certain disputes are referred well outside the prescribed time periods without consequence as they are characterised as ‘recurring and ongoing’ unfair act or omission disputes. Consequently, our courts have grappled with the question whether an act or omission can recur and, if so, under what circumstances. This article seeks to make sense of two recent, but ostensibly contradictory, Labour Appeal Court judgments, both of which addressed the allegation that the employees suffered recurring and ongoing unfair acts or omissions. We analyse what the legal position is, or at least ought to be, regarding the date on which an alleged ongoing act or omission occurs.
Adjudicating Layoffs and Short Time
Authors: Rycroft Alan
Published: January 2024

Disputes arising from the introduction of short time or layoffs face the difficulty of being framed incorrectly, often resulting in unsatisfactory arbitral awards or court judgments. Whether short time or a layoff is an unfair labour practice, or an unfair dismissal, or a unilateral change to terms and conditions depends on various factors. The principles from the relatively few reported cases are outlined for future adjudicators to consider. The content of an agreement for short time and layoff is suggested.
Case Notes: Compliance with a Fair Procedure? Rescued from Another Dimension to the LRA: Reflecting on Solidarity on behalf of Members v Barloworld Equipment Southern Africa & others (2022) 43 ILJ 1757 (CC)
Authors: le Roux Rochelle
Published: January 2024

Unfairness, as regulated by the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (LRA), assumes a distinction between substantive unfairness and procedural unfairness. It was always taken as a given that this divide was maintained in s 189A of the LRA which regulates large-scale operational requirements dismissals (retrenchments). Nonetheless, recent Labour Court jurisprudence proposed that s 189A(13) of the LRA introduced a further dimension to the LRA and specifically large-scale retrenchments, namely, compliance with a fair procedure (as something distinct from procedural fairness). This proposition was rejected by the Constitutional Court in Solidarity obo Members v Barloworld Equipment Southern Africa & others (2022) 43 ILJ 1757 (CC). Apart from exploring the Constitutional Court’s reasoning, this note revisits the distinction between procedural unfairness and substantive unfairness in the case of retrenchment and the difficulties presented by it, and further reflects on a number of collateral issues raised by this judgment — among others, the Labour Court’s jurisdiction regarding disclosure of information in the context of s 189A(13) of the LRA.
The Regulation of Educator Misconduct in Public Schools
Authors: de Villiers Cecile , Garbers Christoph
Published: January 2024

The individual educator and her or his conduct are of central importance to the delivery of a quality basic education. This calls for a clear and co-ordinated response to address and prevent inappropriate educator conduct. Three broad deficiencies in current education legislation are identified. First, legislation provides for two types of educator, two different employers and two different sets of rules applicable to educator conduct in the same workplace. Secondly, the rules regulating the conduct of departmental educators contain an inappropriate legislative distinction between and description of ‘serious misconduct’ and ‘misconduct’, an unnecessary range of sanctions between a final written warning and dismissal and deficiencies in procedure. Thirdly, despite a clear overlap between the responsibilities of the employers of educators and the professional body for education, there is inadequate alignment between their roles, while gaps remain. The analysis relies not only on the provisions of the legislation itself, but also statistics and arbitration awards emanating from the Education Labour Relations Council. We argue that education legislation fosters an inappropriate managerial response to educator misconduct and suggestions for improvement are made.
Workplaces and Bargaining Units: They Co-exist in Practice, but Can They Co-exist in Law?
Authors: Godfrey Shane , Le Roux Rochelle
Published: January 2024

The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (LRA) relies on the broad concept of ‘workplace’ as the basis for both the statutory assertion of organisational rights and its application of majoritarianism. Nonetheless, many recognition agreements continue to adopt ‘bargaining units’ as their reference point. However, when there is a dispute about organisational rights, the limited legislative recognition of bargaining units becomes evident and anomalous. This article, through an historical analysis of the concept of bargaining unit and a review of recent jurisprudence, highlights the disjuncture between a ‘workplace’ as defined in the LRA and ‘bargaining units’ as they exist in many recognition agreements in many workplaces. While arguing that the LRA provides scope for a more nuanced approached to the assertion of organisational rights, legislative amendments providing greater discretion to arbitrators to recognise the realities in the workplace are explored.