bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon nanofiber modified with osmium based redox polymer for glucose sensing
Authors: Mugweru Amos , Mahmud Reaz , Ghosh Kartik , Wanekaya Adam
Published: November 2017

Electrochemical detection of glucose was performed on carbon nanofibers containing an osmium based redox polymer and using glucose oxidase enzyme. Redox polymer assembled on the nanofibers provided a more stable support that preserved enzyme activity and promoted the electrical communication to the glassy carbon electrode. The morphologies, structures, and electrochemical behavior of the redox polymer modified nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and voltammetry. The glucose oxidase showed excellent communication with redox polymer as observed with the increased activity toward glucose. Both cyclic voltammetry and amperometry showed a linear response with glucose concentration.  The linear range for glucose determination was from 1 to 12 mM with a relatively high sensitivity of 0.20±0.01 μA mM−1 for glucose oxidase in carbon nanofibers and 0.10±0.01 μA mM−1 without carbon nanofibers. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) for glucose oxidase with carbon nanofibers was 0.99 mM. On the other hand, the Km value for the glucose oxidase without the nanofibers was 4.90 mM.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Anthocyanins from Red Rose Petals and New Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Total Monomeric Anthocyanins
Authors: Özgür Mahmure Üstün , Çimen Emrah
Published: November 2017

In this study, four extraction technologies for the extraction of anthocyanins (Acyns) from red rose petals (RRPs) were investigated and compared, including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), reflux extraction, Soxhlet extraction, and marinated extraction. UAE was the most suitable for the extraction of Acyns from RRPs because of its high extraction efficiency and short extraction time. The results showed that the best conditions for UAE are an extraction solution of ethanol–0.1 N HCl (80 + 20, v/v), a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:40 g/mL, a temperature of 30°C, and an extraction time of 15 min performed three times. Using such conditions, 320.4 mg Acyns/100 g RRPs was extracted. UAE was followed by two new difference spectrophotometric (DS) methods, which were developed for the fast and simple determination of Acyns in RRPs. Under the optimum experimental conditions, a linear response was observed for Acyns in the range of 12.5–62.5 μg/mL for the two proposed methods, with correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9988 to 0.9995. The mean recovery values of Acyns for the DS methods were in the range of 99.8–101.5%, and the RSD was 0.5%. The respective LOD and the LOQ values were 1.4 and 4.8 for DS1 and 1.1 and 3.6 μg/mL for DS2. The stability of Acyns was also studied.
PRATIQUES SOIGNANTES EN SANTÉ MENTALE JEUNESSE AUPRÈS DES FAMILLES RÉFUGIÉES : RÉPÉTITION TRAUMATIQUE ET RECONSTRUCTION DU LIEN SOCIAL
Authors: Vachon Mélanie , Caldairou-Bessette Prudence , Rousseau Cécile
Published: November 2017

Cette étude de cas multiples poursuit l’objectif de mieux comprendre les soins de santé mentale offerts aux familles réfugiées. Des données qualitatives ont été recueillies auprès de 8 familles et de leurs intervenants. Notre analyse révèle deux dynamiques dans l’expérience de soins. D’une part, des soins adaptés et coordonnés pourraient contribuer à la reconstruction du filet social autour de la famille et de l’enfant, auparavant détruit par la violence collective. Cependant, une certaine violence institutionnelle pourrait répéter les ruptures traumatiques chez l’enfant réfugié. Les résultats sont interprétés à partir des cadres complémentaires de l’ethnopsychiatrie et de la souffrance sociale.
EXISTER, APPARTENIR ET TRANSMETTRE : ARTCIRQ COMME ESPACE DE MIEUX-ÊTRE POUR LES JEUNES INUITS D’IGOOLIK
Authors: Lemaire Andréanne , Vachon Mélanie , Fraser Sarah
Published: November 2017

Les exemples liés à l’utilisation de l’art comme moyen d’expression et de transformation foisonnent chez les autochtones. Toutefois, nous en connaissons peu sur ce qui se produit en termes de transformations via l’art et la créativité du point de vue de l’expérience des jeunes eux-mêmes. Cette étude, s’insérant dans un devis ethnographique, porte un regard phénoménologique sur un collectif de cirque (Artcirq) dans une communauté inuit et vise à mieux comprendre le vécu des jeunes qui y participent. Nos données de recherche incluent à la fois des entrevues avec les jeunes inuit impliqués dans Artcirq, des notes et observations de terrain et des entretiens complémentaires avec divers acteurs de la communauté. Nos analyses nous amènent à décrire trois dimensions centrales à l’expérience des jeunes, relativement à Artcirq comme espace : 1) où reconnaître et développer ses forces ; 2) où se lier et appartenir et 3) où vivre sa culture inuit et la transmettre. Les implications potentiellement thérapeutiques de tels espaces communautaires au service du mieux-être des jeunes inuit sont évoquées en discussion.
URBAN PLANNING IN LIBYA – EVOLUTION, LEVELS, PROBLEMS
Authors: Hadoud Abousa
Published: November 2017

Urban planning in Libya in general effectively contributed to preparation of comprehensive and the public plans for all Libyan cities. especially after the issuance of Law No. (5) of 1969, concerning the planning of cities and villages, three key schemes have been developed in three stages starting from the first phase for years 1968 to 1988, and the second stage years from 1988 to 2000, and the third stage years 2000 to 2025. Goal of such schemes is to make a balance between the natural increase of population and urban mass, in order to achieve urban development and environment and preserve of the environment and urban environment from degradation and the spread of degraded areas in Libyan cities. But a number of problems disrupted the planning, and have had effects on the urban development in Libya.
GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURAL IDENTITY
Authors: Gajić Mirjana , Vujadinović Snežana , Popović Srđa
Published: November 2017

This paper aims to analyze an important phenomenon of our world, namely the contradictory relationship between globalization and cultural identity. Globalization is a multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses not only economic components but also cultural, ideological, political and other. Globalization in its archaic forms goes back to ancient history and roots linked to the emergence and spread of human society. The modern form reached in the second half of the 20th  century, and the intensity and the culmination of the 80s and early 90s of the 20th  century (the global  age, postindustrial and postmodern age). Globalization is a complex process that integrates a number of factors whose interaction of globally achieved thanks to the expansion of knowledge, technologies and information across national borders. Impacts encourage globalization manifested in a series of changes in economic, political, social and especially cultural sphere, which is the subject of this paper. The concept of global values, commonly identified with the values of Western culture (americanization, westernization), and the effects of globalization is manifested through its effect   on the national cultural forms. In literature and discussions amount to be different points of view the relation between globalization and culture, but the essence of the conflict based on opposing theses that reflect the "dual character" of cultural globalization. The first is a proponent of the negative impact of globalization on homogeneous national and local culture, while the other prefers diversity of cultural content, expressed through the cosmopolitan culture that does not negate the sense of national belonging. The authors in this paper analyze different interpretations of a complex relationship between culture and globalization and to emphasize the positive and negative effects arising from the relationships and connections between the global and the local.
The effect of perinatal brain injury on dopaminergic function and hippocampal volume in adult life
Authors: Froudist-Walsh Sean , Bloomfield Michael AP , Veronese Mattia , Kroll Jasmin , Karolis Vyacheslav R , Jauhar Sameer , Bonoldi Ilaria , McGuire Philip K , Kapur Shitij , Murray Robin M , Nosarti Chiara , Howes Oliver
Published: November 2017

Perinatal brain injuries, including hippocampal lesions, cause lasting changes in dopamine function in rodents, but it is not known if this occurs in humans. We compared adults who were born very preterm with perinatal brain injury to those born very preterm without perinatal brain injury, and age-matched controls born at full term using [18F]-DOPA PET and structural MRI. Dopamine synthesis capacity was reduced in the perinatal brain injury group relative to those without brain injury (Cohen’s d = 1.36, p=0.02) and the control group (Cohen’s d = 1.07, p=0.01). Hippocampal volume was reduced in the perinatal brain injury group relative to controls (Cohen’s d = 1.17, p=0.01) and was positively correlated with striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (r = 0.344, p=0.03). This is the first evidence in humans linking neonatal hippocampal injury to adult dopamine dysfunction, and provides a potential mechanism linking early life risk factors to adult mental illness.
A new genus of horse from Pleistocene North America
Authors: Heintzman Peter D , Zazula Grant D , MacPhee Ross DE , Scott Eric , Cahill James A , McHorse Brianna K , Kapp Joshua D , Stiller Mathias , Wooller Matthew J , Orlando Ludovic , Southon John , Froese Duane G , Shapiro Beth
Published: November 2017

The extinct ‘New World stilt-legged’, or NWSL, equids constitute a perplexing group of Pleistocene horses endemic to North America. Their slender distal limb bones resemble those of Asiatic asses, such as the Persian onager. Previous palaeogenetic studies, however, have suggested a closer relationship to caballine horses than to Asiatic asses. Here, we report complete mitochondrial and partial nuclear genomes from NWSL equids from across their geographic range. Although multiple NWSL equid species have been named, our palaeogenomic and morphometric analyses support the idea that there was only a single species of middle to late Pleistocene NWSL equid, and demonstrate that it falls outside of crown group Equus. We therefore propose a new genus, Haringtonhippus, for the sole species H. francisci. Our combined genomic and phenomic approach to resolving the systematics of extinct megafauna will allow for an improved understanding of the full extent of the terminal Pleistocene extinction event.
Sobre la “procedencia legal” en la constitución de los derechos de aprovechamiento de aguas
Authors: Jaeger Cousiño Pablo
Published: November 2017

En virtud de lo establecido en los artículos 22 y 141 inciso final del Código de Aguas, la Dirección General de Aguas debe constituir derechos de aprovechamiento en fuentes naturales y en obras estatales de desarrollo del recurso, cumpliéndose los siguientes requisitos
Vamos almoçar? Um estudo da relação hospitalidade, qualidade em serviços e marketing de experiência na satisfação dos clientes de restaurantes
Authors: Stefanini Claudio José , Alves Carlos Alberto , Marques Roseane Barcellos
Published: November 2017

Propósito justificado do tema: O setor de bares e restaurantes da cidade de São Paulo é a região do país com a maior concentração de estabelecimentos, emprega cerca de 780.000 pessoas e o faturamento em 2015 foi superior a R$ 30bi. A hospitalidade, a qualidade no serviço e a experiência no momento do consumo do produto estão intimamente ligados a satisfação e sua consequência fidelização, portanto inicialmente por estes aspectos o estudo se justifica. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da hospitalidade, qualidade em serviços e do marketing de experiência na percepção de satisfação entre os clientes de restaurantes frequentados para almoçar em horário comercial da cidade de São Paulo e a respectiva lealdade destes clientes. Metodologia/Design: A pesquisa é caracterizada como quantitativa descritiva, foi utilizado um questionário em escala Likert de sete pontos, para a coleta de dados utilizou-se a ferramenta formulários da plataforma Googledocs e o período de coleta dos dados foi nos meses de março e abril de 2017, a amostra foi não probabilística formada por 269 respondentes e a técnica multivariada de dados Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (SEM) para análise. Resultados: Verificou-se que a amostra foi predominantemente feminina, com idade superior a 30 anos que gasta entre R$ 30,00 e R$ 50,00 por dia e com alta escolaridade. Salienta-se que apesar dos resultados empíricos positivos da pesquisa estes não devem ser generalizados, pois sua amostra caracteriza um público específico da cidade de São Paulo. Originalidade: Este estudo adiciona novos insights a literatura sobre comportamento do consumidor especificamente nas áreas de hospitalidade e marketing de experiência em um setor representativo tanto por faturamento quanto por número de colaboradores da maior metrópole brasileira.
Eclogitization of the Subducted Oceanic Crust and Its Implications for the Mechanism of Slow Earthquakes
Authors: Wang Xinyang , Zhao Dapeng , Suzuki Haruhiko , Li Jiabiao , Ruan Aiguo
Published: November 2017

The generating mechanism and process of slow earthquakes can help us to better understand the seismogenic process and the petrological evolution of the subduction system, but they are still not very clear. In this work we present robust P and S wave tomography and Poisson's ratio images of the subducting Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Kii peninsula in Southwest Japan. Our results clearly reveal the spatial extent and variation of a low‐velocity and high Poisson's ratio layer which is interpreted as the remnant of the subducted oceanic crust. The low‐velocity layer disappears at depths >50 km, which is attributed to crustal eclogitization and consumption of fluids. The crustal eclogitization and destruction of the impermeable seal play a key role in the generation of slow earthquakes. The Moho depth of the overlying plate is an important factor affecting the depth range of slow earthquakes in warm subduction zones due to the transition of interface permeability from low to high there. The possible mechanism of the deep slow earthquakes is the dehydrated oceanic crustal rupture and shear slip at the transition zone in response to the crustal eclogitization and the temporal stress/strain field. A potential cause of the slow event gap existing beneath easternmost Shikoku and the Kii channel is the premature rupture of the subducted oceanic crust due to the large tensional force.
Toward Customized Extracellular Niche Engineering: Progress in Cell‐Entrapment Technologies
Authors: Thomas Dilip , O'Brien Timothy , Pandit Abhay
Published: December 2017

The primary aim in tissue engineering is to repair, replace, and regenerate dysfunctional tissues to restore homeostasis. Cell delivery for repair and regeneration is gaining impetus with our understanding of constructing tissue‐like environments. However, the perpetual challenge is to identify innovative materials or re‐engineer natural materials to model cell‐specific tissue‐like 3D modules, which can seamlessly integrate and restore functions of the target organ. To devise an optimal functional microenvironment, it is essential to define how simple is complex enough to trigger tissue regeneration or restore cellular function. Here, the purposeful transition of cell immobilization from a cytoprotection point of view to that of a cell‐instructive approach is examined, with advances in the understanding of cell–material interactions in a 3D context, and with a view to further application of the knowledge for the development of newer and complex hierarchical tissue assemblies for better examination of cell behavior and offering customized cell‐based therapies for tissue engineering.
Charge Density and Band Offsets at Heterovalent Semiconductor Interfaces
Authors: Tung Raymond T. , Kronik Leeor
Published: December 2017

The well‐known insensitivity of the band offset (BO) of isovalent heterojunctions with the zincblende structure to the orientation, abruptness, and atomic structure of the interface was recently shown to be attributable to a localness in the dependence of charge density on the atomic structure. In contrast, a sharp dependence of the BO on interface specifics has been observed at heterovalent heterojunctions. Here, detailed analyses of the relationship between the BO, interface structure, and charge distribution have been carried out for many lattice‐matched heterovalent interfaces between zincblende and diamond structure semiconductors. From thermodynamic considerations, three types of neutral interfaces were investigated, each with equal densities of donor‐ and acceptor‐like heterovalent bonds, constructible in all orientations. Distinctively different, yet approximately orientation‐independent, valence BOs were found. The equilibrium charge density of the heterovalent interface could be recreated with the charge densities of bulk semiconductors and oligo‐cells. Because charge transfer between heterovalent bonds is identifiable with that for dopants in semiconductor and its effect accountable by linear response, a combination of neutral polyhedra theory, previously developed for isovalent heterojunctions, and dielectric screening theory was found to explain BO trends throughout, allowing a strategy that facilitates adjustment in the BO of all isovalent heterojunctions.
The role of TMPRSS6 and HFE variants in iron deficiency anemia in celiac disease
Authors: De Falco Luigia , Tortora Raffaella , Imperatore Nicola , Bruno Mariasole , Capasso Mario , Girelli Domenico , Castagna Annalisa , Caporaso Nicola , Iolascon Achille , Rispo Antonio
Published: December 2017

We investigated the role of HFE C282Y, H63D, and TMPRSS6 A736V variants in the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in celiac disease (CD) patients, at diagnosis and after 1 year of gluten‐free diet (GFD). Demographic and clinical features were prospectively recorded for all CD patients between 2013 and 2017. C282Y, H63D, and A736V variants were evaluated for CD patients and controls. Finally, 505 consecutive CD patients and 539 age‐matched control subjects were enrolled. At diagnosis, 229 CD subjects had IDA (45.3%), with a subgroup of anemic patients (45.4%) presented persistent IDA at follow‐up. C282Y allele frequency was significantly increased in CD compared with controls (1.1% vs 0.2%, P = .001), whereas H63D and A736V allele frequencies were similar among patients and controls (P = .92 and .84, respectively). At diagnosis, C282Y variant in anemic CD patients was significantly increased compared to nonanemic group (2% and 0.5%, P = .04). At follow‐up, A736V was significantly increased in IDA persistent than in IDA not persistent (57.7% vs 35.2%, P < .0001). CD patients with H63D mutation showed higher Hb, MCV, serum iron, and ferritin levels than subjects without HFE mutations. Decreased hepcidin values were observed in anemic compared to nonanemic subjects at follow‐up (1.22 ± 1.14 vs 2.08 ± 2.15, P < .001). This study suggests a protective role of HFE in IDA CD patients and confirms the role of TMPRSS6 in predicting oral iron response modulating hepcidin action on iron absorption. Iron supplementation therapeutic management in CD could depend on TMPRSS6 genotype that could predict persistent IDA despite iron supplementation and GFD.
Cohort‐based income gradients in obesity among U.S. adults
Authors: Heo Jongho , Beck Audrey N. , Lin Shih‐Fan , Marcelli Enrico , Lindsay Suzanne , Karl Finch Brian
Published: November 2017

Objectives

No studies have focused on socioeconomic disparities in obesity within and between cohorts. Our objectives were to examine income gradients in obesity between birth‐cohorts (inter‐cohort variations) and within each birth‐cohort (intra‐cohort variations) by gender and race/ethnicity.

Methods

Our sample includes 56,820 white and black adults from pooled, cross‐sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1971–2012). We fit a series of logistic hierarchical Age‐Period‐Cohort models to control for the effects of age and period, simultaneously. Predicted probabilities of obesity by poverty‐to‐income ratio were estimated and graphed for 5‐year cohort groups from 1901–1990. We also stratified this relationship for four gender and racial/ethnic subgroups.

Results

Obesity disparities due to income were weaker for post‐World War I and II generations, specifically the mid‐1920s and the mid‐1940s to 1950s cohorts, than for other cohorts. In contrast, we found greater income gradients in obesity among cohorts from the 1930s to mid‐1940s and mid‐1960s to 1970s. Moreover, obesity disparities due to income across cohorts vary markedly by gender and race/ethnicity. White women with higher income consistently exhibited a lower likelihood of obesity than those with lower income since early 1900s cohorts; whereas, black men with higher income exhibited higher risks of obesity than those with lower income in most cohorts.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that strategies that address race and/or gender inequalities in obesity should be cognizant of significant historical factors that may be unique to cohorts. Period‐based approaches that ignore life‐course experiences captured in significant cohort‐based experiences may limit the utility of policies and interventions.
Influence of weight concerns on breastfeeding: Evidence from the Norwegian mother and child cohort study
Authors: Han Seung‐Yong , Brewis Alexandra A.
Published: November 2017

Objectives

High body mass index (BMI) often predicts truncated breastfeeding, although why is unclear. We test a proposed mediating role of body concerns on breastfeeding initiation and child's age at weaning using longitudinal data for 55,522 mothers from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).

Methods

A linear regression‐based mediation analysis with bootstrapping estimates the indirect effects of BMI on breastfeeding decisions (ever‐initiation of breastfeeding, child's age at weaning, and duration of any breastfeeding beyond six months) through the variables of concern around prepregnancy weight and weight gains due to pregnancy.

Results

Contrary to prediction, Norwegian mothers with greater prepregnancy weight concerns had a higher likelihood of initiating breastfeeding. Concerns about weight gain during pregnancy, however, predicted earlier weaning. This relationship was the same for higher and lower BMI mothers.

Conclusion

In this very large sample, body image affects some breastfeeding decisions. However, this effect is independent of mother's body size.
Die Wasserstoffentwicklungsreaktion in alkalischer Lösung: Von der Theorie und Einkristallmodellen zu praktischen Elektrokatalysatoren
Authors: Zheng Yao , Jiao Yan , Vasileff Anthony , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: December 2017

Die Wasserstoffentwicklungsreaktion (hydrogen evolution reaction, HER) ist ein grundlegender Vorgang in der Elektrokatalyse und spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Energieumwandlung zur Entwicklung von wasserstoffbasierten Energiequellen. Die recht langsame Geschwindigkeit der HER unter alkalischen Bedingungen hemmte jedoch die Fortschritte bei Wasserspaltungsverfahren zur Produktion von hochreinem Wasserstoff. Anders als bei der gut dokumentierten sauren HER sind die mechanistischen Aspekte der alkalischen HER noch zu klären. Wir legen eine kritische Bewertung der alkalischen HER‐Elektrokatalyse vor, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Zusammenhangs zwischen der grundlegenden Oberflächenelektrochemie an Einkristallmodellen und dem abgeleiteten molekularen Designprinzip für reale Elektrokatalysatoren. Indem wir einige typische Beispiele für theoretische Berechnungen, Oberflächencharakterisierungen und elektrochemische Experimente vorstellen, möchten wir einige wichtige anhaltende Diskussionen thematisieren, um zu einem besseren Verständnis der alkalischen HER auf atomarer Ebene beizutragen.
FHBC, a Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene–Fluorene Hybrid: A Platform for Highly Soluble, Easily Functionalizable HBCs with an Expanded Graphitic Core
Authors: Navale Tushar S. , Ivanov Maxim V. , Hossain Mohammad M. , Rathore Rajendra
Published: December 2017

Materials based upon hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) show significant promise in a variety of photovoltaic applications. There remains the need, however, for a soluble, versatile, HBC‐based platform, which can be tailored by incorporation of electroactive groups or groups that can prompt self‐assembly. The synthesis of a HBC–fluorene hybrid is presented that contains an expanded graphitic core that is highly soluble, resists aggregation, and can be readily functionalized at its vertices. This new HBC platform can be tailored to incorporate six electroactive groups at its vertices, as exemplified by a facile synthesis of a representative hexaaryl derivative of FHBC. Synthesis of new FHBC derivatives, containing electroactive functional groups that can allow controlled self‐assembly, may serve as potential long‐range charge‐transfer materials for photovoltaic applications.
Highly effective organometallic‐mediated radical polymerization of vinyl acetate using alumina‐supported Co(acac)2 catalyst: A case study of adsorption and polymerization
Authors: Semsarzadeh Mohammad Ali , Sabzevari Alireza
Published: December 2017

An alumina support system for cobalt(II) acetylacetonate (Co(acac)2) catalyst was studied for the cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) of vinyl acetate (VAc). We report a simple but efficient technique to produce this supported catalysts through the adsorption of Co(acac)2 on the surface of alumina particles. Moreover, kinetic and thermodynamic study of Co(acac)2 adsorption on the alumina support were conducted and the influence of effective parameters were investigated. It was found that using alumina‐supported Co(acac)2 for radical polymerization of VAc yields polymers with controlled molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution, and high purity. For the alumina‐supported CMRP, changing the polymerization mechanism and domination of termination pathway compared to degenerate transfer pathway resulted in a 2.5 times increase in polymerization rate (kap) and a drop in induction time while maintaining a good control of the VAc polymerization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46057.
Differential expression of a fructose receptor gene in honey bee workers according to age and behavioral role
Authors: Takada Tomoyuki , Sasaki Taiyo , Sato Ryoichi , Kikuta Shingo , Inoue Maki N.
Published: December 2017

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers contribute to the maintenance of colonies in various ways. The primary functions of workers are divided into two types depending on age: young workers (nurses) primarily engage in such behaviors as cleaning and food handling within the hive, whereas older workers (foragers) acquire floral nutrients beyond the colony. Concomitant with this age‐dependent change in activity, physiological changes occur in the tissues and organs of workers. Nurses supply younger larvae with honey containing high levels of glucose and supply older larvae with honey containing high levels of fructose. Given that nurses must determine both the concentration and type of sugar used in honey, gustatory receptors (Gr) expressed in the chemosensory organs likely play a role in distinguishing between sugars. Glucose is recognized by Gr1 in honey bees (AmGr1); however, it remains unclear which Gr are responsible for fructose recognition. This study aimed to identify fructose receptors in honey bees and reported that AmGr3, when transiently expressed in Xenopus oocytes, responded only to fructose, and to no other sugars. We analyzed expression levels of AmGr3 to identify which tissues and organs of workers are involved in fructose recognition and determined that expression of AmGr3 was particularly high in the antennae and legs of nurses. Our results suggest that nurses use their antennae and legs to recognize fructose, and that AmGr3 functions as an accurate nutrient sensor used to maintain food quality in honey bee hives.
Sub‐threshold charm and strangeness production at GSI/FAIR energies
Authors: Bleicher M. , Steinheimer J.
Published: December 2017

Collisions of heavy ions allow the exploration of the properties and dynamics of strongly interacting matter in the laboratory. Especially, the production of particles below their threshold energy in elementary reactions allows gaining new information on the production mechanisms in nuclear matter. Here we explore the production of multi‐strange hadrons and of charmed hadrons in the GSI/FAIR energy regime, that is at bombarding energies in the GeV region.
Exploring PTDH–P450BM3 Variants for the Synthesis of Drug Metabolites
Authors: Beyer Nina , Kulig Justyna K. , Fraaije Marco W. , Hayes Martin A. , Janssen Dick B.
Published: November 2017

The conversion of a series of pharmaceutical compounds was examined with three variants of cytochrome P450BM3 fused to phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH) to enable cofactor recycling. Conditions for enzyme production were optimized, and the purified PTDH–P450BM3 variants were tested against 32 commercial drugs by using rapid UPLC–MS analysis. The sets of mutations (R47L/F87V/L188Q and R47L/F87V/L188Q/E267V/G415S) improved conversion for all compounds, and a variety of products were detected. Product analysis showed that reaction types included C‐hydroxylation, N‐oxidation, demethylation, and aromatization. Interestingly, enzymatic aromatization could occur independent of the addition of reducing coenzyme. These results identified new conversions catalyzed by P450BM3 variants and showed that a small set of mutations in the oxygenase domain could broaden both substrate range and reaction type.
Template‐Assisted Electrospinning of Bubbled Carbon Nanofibers as Binder‐Free Electrodes for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Arthi , Sahatiya Parikshit , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: December 2017

Comparing the performance of recently reported electrospun carbon nanofiber (CNF)‐based supercapacitors, which use binders, we are reporting a binder‐free high‐performance supercapacitor based on porous bubbled surface carbon nanofibers (BCNFs). BCNFs have been synthesized by using a KIT‐6 silica template‐assisted electrospinning process, and they exhibit a high discharge specific capacitance of 287 F g−1 (79.7 mAh g−1). Brunauer−Emmett−Teller and FESEM analyses reveal that BCNFs have a large accessible surface area (593 m2 g−1) and well‐developed pore structures, leading to a high specific capacitance value. Furthermore, a BCNF supercapacitor exhibits good cyclic stability with improved capacity retention in aqueous electrolyte. The use of electrospinning and a hard template method for the synthesis avoids the use of aggressive materials and complicated activations, thereby making it an industry‐compatible process for large‐scale production. The present study, demonstrating the successful synthesis of BCNFs, is a major step ahead in the direction of developing new materials for binder‐free supercapacitors, which hold enormous potential for high‐performance energy storage devices.
Integrating spatial, morphological, and textural information for improved cell type differentiation using Raman microscopy
Authors: Krauß Sascha D. , Yosef Hesham K. , Lechtonen Tatjana , Jütte Hendrik , Tannapfel Andrea , Käfferlein Heiko U. , Brüning Thomas , Roghmann Florian , Noldus Joachim , El‐Mashtoly Samir F. , Gerwert Klaus , Mosig Axel
Published: November 2017

Raman microscopy is a well‐established tool for distinguishing different cell types in cell biological or cytopathological applications, since it can provide maps that show the specific distribution of biochemical components in the cell, with high lateral and spatial resolution. Currently, established data analysis approaches for differentiating cells of different types mostly rely on conventional chemometrics approaches, which tend to not systematically utilise the advantages provided by Raman microscopic data sets. To address this, we propose 2 approaches that explicitly exploit the large number of spectra as well as the morphological and textural information that are available in Raman microscopic data sets. Spatial bagging as our first approach is based on a statistical analysis of majority vote over classification results obtained from individual pixel spectra. Based on the Condorcet's Jury Theorem, this approach raises the accuracy of a relatively weak classifier for individual spectra to nearly perfect accuracy at the level of characterising whole cells. Our second approach extracts morphological and textural (morpho‐textural) features from Raman microscopic images to differentiate cell types. While using few wavenumbers of the Raman spectrum only, our results indicate on a quantitative basis that Raman microscopic images carry more morphological and textural information than haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images as the current gold standard in cytopathology. Our 2 approaches promise improved protocols for the fast acquisition of Raman imaging data, for instance, for the morphological analysis of coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy microscopic imaging data or for improving the accuracy of fibre optical probe systems by resampling spectra and utilising spatial bagging.
Fluid‐structure interaction of a pulsatile flow with an aortic valve model: A combined experimental and numerical study
Authors: Sigüenza Julien , Pott Desiree , Mendez Simon , Sonntag Simon J. , Kaufmann Tim A.S. , Steinseifer Ulrich , Nicoud Franck
Published: November 2017

The complex fluid‐structure interaction problem associated with the flow of blood through a heart valve with flexible leaflets is investigated both experimentally and numerically. In the experimental test rig, a pulse duplicator generates a pulsatile flow through a biomimetic rigid aortic root where a model of aortic valve with polymer flexible leaflets is implanted. High‐speed recordings of the leaflets motion and particle image velocimetry measurements were performed together to investigate the valve kinematics and the dynamics of the flow. Large eddy simulations of the same configuration, based on a variant of the immersed boundary method, are also presented. A massively parallel unstructured finite‐volume flow solver is coupled with a finite‐element solid mechanics solver to predict the fluid‐structure interaction between the unsteady flow and the valve. Detailed analysis of the dynamics of opening and closure of the valve are conducted, showing a good quantitative agreement between the experiment and the simulation regarding the global behavior, in spite of some differences regarding the individual dynamics of the valve leaflets. A multicycle analysis (over more than 20 cycles) enables to characterize the generation of turbulence downstream of the valve, showing similar flow features between the experiment and the simulation. The flow transitions to turbulence after peak systole, when the flow starts to decelerate. Fluctuations are observed in the wake of the valve, with maximum amplitude observed at the commissure side of the aorta. Overall, a very promising experiment‐vs‐simulation comparison is shown, demonstrating the potential of the numerical method.
Preconditioned augmented Lagrangian formulation for nearly incompressible cardiac mechanics
Authors: Campos Joventino Oliveira , dos Santos Rodrigo Weber , Sundnes Joakim , Rocha Bernardo Martins
Published: November 2017

Computational modeling of the heart is a subject of substantial medical and scientific interest, which may contribute to increase the understanding of several phenomena associated with cardiac physiological and pathological states. Modeling the mechanics of the heart have led to considerable insights, but it still represents a complex and a demanding computational problem, especially in a strongly coupled electromechanical setting. Passive cardiac tissue is commonly modeled as hyperelastic and is characterized by quasi‐incompressible, orthotropic, and nonlinear material behavior. These factors are known to be very challenging for the numerical solution of the model. The near‐incompressibility is known to cause numerical issues such as the well‐known locking phenomenon and ill‐conditioning of the stiffness matrix. In this work, the augmented Lagrangian method is used to handle the nearly incompressible condition. This approach can potentially improve computational performance by reducing the condition number of the stiffness matrix and thereby improving the convergence of iterative solvers. We also improve the performance of iterative solvers by the use of an algebraic multigrid preconditioner. Numerical results of the augmented Lagrangian method combined with a preconditioned iterative solver for a cardiac mechanics benchmark suite are presented to show its improved performance.
The π‐Tetrel Bond and its Influence on Hydrogen Bonding and Proton Transfer
Authors: Wei Yuanxin , Li Qingzhong , Scheiner Steve
Published: December 2017

The positive region that lies above the plane of F2TO (T=C and Si) interacts with malondialdehyde (MDA), which contains an intramolecular H‐bond. The T atom of F2TO can lie either in the MDA molecular plane, forming a T⋅⋅⋅O tetrel bond, or F2TO can stack directly above MDA in a parallel arrangement. The former structure is more stable than the latter, and in either case, F2SiO engages in a much stronger interaction than does F2CO, reaching nearly 200 kJ mol−1. The π‐tetrel bond strengthens/weakens the MDA H‐bond when the bond is formed to the hydroxyl/carbonyl group of MDA, and causes an accompanying inhibition/promotion of proton transfer within this H‐bond; this effect is stronger for F2SiO. These same aspects can be tuned by substituents placed on any of the C atoms of MDA, although their effects are not fully correlated with the electron‐withdrawing or electron‐releasing properties of the substituent. A new type of π−π tetrel bond occurs when the π‐hole on the T atom of F2TO approaches the middle carbon atom of MDA from above, and a similar configuration is also found between F2TO and benzene. Evidence for extensive C⋅⋅⋅C π−π tetrel bonding in crystal materials is presented.
A new learning automata based approach for increasing utility of service providers
Authors: Morshedlou Hossein , Meybodi Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2017

Utility is an important factor for serviceproviders, and they try to increase their utilities through adopting different policies and strategies. Because of unpredictable failures in systems, there are many scenarios in which the failures may cause random losses for service providers. Loss sharing can decrease negative effects of unexpected random losses. Because of capabilities of learning automata in random and stochastic environments, in this paper, a new learning automaton based method is presented for loss sharing purpose. It is illustrated that the loss sharing can be useful for service providers and helps them to decrease negative effect of the random losses. The presented method can be used especially in collaborative environments such as federated clouds. Results of the conducted experiments show the usefulness of the presented approach to improve utility of service providers.
Synthesis and Characterization of Trinuclear [Ni2Ru] Complexes with Bridging Thiolate or Selenolate Donors for Electrocatalytic Proton Reduction
Authors: Gezer Gamze , Durán Jiménez Dinesh , Siegler Maxime A. , Bouwman Elisabeth
Published: December 2017

Two new trinuclear compounds [{Ni(xbSmS)}2Ru(phen)2](PF6)2 (1) and [{Ni(xbSmSe)}2Ru(phen)2](PF6)2 (2) were synthesized by the reaction of [Ni(xbSmS)] and [Ni(xbSmSe)], respectively, with cis‐[Ru(phen)2(Cl)2] [H2xbSmS = 1,2‐bis(4‐mercapto‐3,3‐dimethyl‐2‐thiabutyl)benzene; H2xbSmSe = 1,2‐bis(2‐thiabutyl‐3,3‐dimethyl‐4‐selenol)benzene; phen = phenanthroline]. The two [Ni2Ru] complexes were characterized by ESI‐MS, NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, and electrochemical techniques. X‐ray structure determinations showed that the trinuclear complex cations in 1 and 2 contain two square‐planar nickel centers bound in cis positions to the octahedral ruthenium ion by a bridging thiolate or selenolate donor atom. Electrocatalytic proton reduction occurs for both complexes in acetonitrile with the addition of varying amounts of acetic acid at a potential of –2.1 V vs. Fc+/Fc with faradaic yields of around 65 %.
Cation‐Directed Isomerization of the U28 Uranyl‐Peroxide Cluster
Authors: Oliveri Anna F. , Colla Christopher A. , Callahan Joseph R. , Bogard Gwendolyn , Qiu Jie , Dembowski Mateusz , Burns Peter C. , Casey William H.
Published: December 2017

Invited for the cover of this issue are Anna Oliveri from Southern Oregon University, USA, and co‐workers. The cover image shows the outer surface of a nanoscale U28 cage cluster.
Substituted, Fused, Tricyclic 6,7‐Dihydro‐1H,5H‐pyrido[1,2,3‐de]quinoxaline‐3‐amines by Isocyanide‐Abetted Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Azad Chandra S. , Narula Anudeep K.
Published: December 2017

A new method for the synthesis of substituted, fused, tricyclic 6,7‐dihydro‐1H,5H‐pyrido[1,2,3‐de]quinoxaline‐3‐amine derivatives from aldehydes, isocyanides, and 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolin‐8‐amine in the presence of scandium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate as the catalyst was developed. An inventive approach for the activation of the nitrilium ion with an in situ formed 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine‐stabilized imine synthon was also explored to enhance the yield of the desired, fused, tricyclic systems.
The geomorphic cell: a basis for studying connectivity
Authors: Poeppl Ronald E. , Parsons Anthony J.
Published: December 2017

Any attempt to measure connectivity within a system requires a set of entities to be defined that permit the connectivity among them to be quantified. Here we propose the geomorphic cell as such an entity. We provide a means to identify these cells, define a terminology for describing cell state, and identify the pathways of connections (connecteins) to and from cells. We conceptualize the geomorphic cell as being a three‐dimensional body of the geomorphosphere, which is delimited from neighbouring cells and neighbouring spheres by different types of boundary. Vertically, the upper boundary of a geomorphic cell is defined by the atmosphere, while the lower boundary is generally formed by the bedrock layer of the lithosphere. Laterally, geomorphic cells are delimited from neighbouring cells with a change in environmental characteristics that determine hydro‐geomorphic boundary conditions (e.g. geology, soils, topography and/or vegetation). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Channelization of a large Alpine river: what is left of its original morphodynamics?
Authors: Scorpio Vittoria , Zen Simone , Bertoldi Walter , Surian Nicola , Mastronunzio Marco , Dai Prá Elena , Zolezzi Guido , Comiti Francesco
Published: December 2017

The Adige River drains 12 200 km2 of the Eastern Alps and flows for 213 km within this mountain range. Similar to other large rivers in Central Europe, the Adige River was subject to massive channelization works during the 19th century. Thanks to the availability of several historical maps, this river represents a very valuable case study to document the extent to which the morphology of the river changed due to channelization and to understand how much is left of its original morphodynamics. The study was based on the analysis of seven sets of historical maps dating from 1803–1805 to 1915–1927, on geomorphological analysis, on the application of mathematical morphodynamic theories and on the application of bar and channel pattern prediction models. The study concerns 115 km of the main stem and 29 km of its tributaries. In the pre‐channelization conditions, the Adige River presented a prevalence of single‐thread channel planforms. Multi‐thread patterns developed only immediately downstream of the main confluences. During the 19th century, the Adige underwent considerable channel adjustment, consisting of channel narrowing, straightening, and reduction of bars and islands. Multi‐thread and single‐thread reaches evolved through different evolutionary trajectories, considering both the channel width and the bar/vegetation interaction. Bar and channel pattern predictors showed good correspondence with the observed patterns, including the development of multi‐thread morphologies downstream of the confluences. Application of the free‐bar predictor helped to interpret the strong reduction – almost complete loss – of exposed sediment bars after the channelization works, quantifying the riverbed inclination to form alternate bars. This morphological evolution can be observed in other Alpine rivers of similar size and similar massive channelization, therefore, a simplified conceptual model for large rivers subjected to channelization is proposed, showing that a relatively small difference in the engineered channel width may have a strong impact on the river dynamics, specifically on bar formation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functions of the multi‐interacting protein KIDINS220/ARMS in cancer and other pathologies
Authors: Raza Muhammad‐Zawwad , Allegrini Simone , Dumontet Charles , Jordheim Lars Petter
Published: November 2017

Development of an organ and subsequently the whole system from an embryo is a highly integrated process. Although there is evidence that different systems are interconnected during developmental stages, the molecular understanding of this relationship is either not known or only to a limited extent. Nervous system development, amongst all, is maybe the most crucial and complex process. It relies on the correct distribution of specific neuronal growth factors and hormones to the specific receptors. Among the plethora of proteins that are involved in downstream signalling of neuronal growth factors, we find the kinase‐D interacting substrate of 220 kDa (KIDINS220), also known as ankyrin‐rich repeat membrane spanning (ARMS) protein. KIDINS220 has been shown to play a substantial role in the nervous system and vascular system development as well as in neuronal survival and differentiation. It serves as a downstream regulator for many important neuronal and vascular growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the neurotrophin family, glutamate receptors and ephrin receptors. Moreover, activation and differentiation of B‐ and T‐cells, as well as tumour cell proliferation has also shown to be related to KIDINS220. This review comprehensively summarises the existing research data on this protein, with a particular interest in its role in cancer and in other pathologies.