bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical Mechanism Design and Strategic Choice of China’s Industry Green Transformation: Base on the Perspective of Game Theory
Authors: Chen Chaofan , Wang Yun
Published: November 2015

Nowadays, green economy has become the trend of world, and an industrial revolution as the core of green development has emerged. China’s industry experiences 30 years development, the resources and environment problems highlight increasingly, so it needs to transform into green development. However, both academic and practice do not have perfect practical mechanism of green transformation, and is also lack of strategic support system. Given this, Firstly, the paper researches the interactive relationship among main bodies in china’s industry green transformation by using the game theory; Secondly, on basis of the game results, focusing on different bodies’ main responsibilities and interests, we design the practical industry green transformation mechanism which taking the government as leading body, the industry circle & industrial enterprises & public as executing body, and the financial institution & transaction center & scientific research institute etc. as supporting body; Finally, in order to establish the policy framework, we propose “six in one” strategic choice of industry green transformation from government, region, industry, enterprise, society and individual’s view.
Influential Factors on Analytical Methods in External Audit
Authors: Khansalar Ehsan , Dasht-Bayaz Mahmoud Lari , Zarei Javad
Published: November 2015

In 1394, a research was conducted to detect the influential factors on using analytical methods in external audit. Results of research hypothesis examination revealed that analytical procedures were used effectively during implementation steps of external audit and needed initial information including industry indices, budget, standard costing, firm size, accounting systems, effective internal controls, audit managers work history and his(her) coworkers, educational level of audit manager and his(her) coworkers, industry, familiarity with statistical-analytical procedures and institution size influence on using analytical procedures. However among factors mentioned above only firm size, accounting systems and effective internal controls are crucial factors which influence on using analytical procedures.
The Relationship between Health and Schooling: What's New?
Authors: Grossman Michael
Published: November 2015

Many studies suggest that years of formal schooling completed is the most important correlate of good health.  There is much less consensus as to whether this correlation reflects causality from more schooling to better health.  The relationship may be traced in part to reverse causality and may also reflect “omitted third variables” that cause health and schooling to vary in the same direction.  The past five years (2010-2014) have witnessed the development of a large literature focusing on the issue just raised.  I deal with that literature and what can be learned from it in this paper. Published: Online October 2015. In print December 2015.
Chronic High-Fat Feeding Affects the Mesenchymal Cell Population Expanded From Adipose Tissue but Not Cardiac Atria
Authors: Perbellini Filippo , Gomes Renata S.M. , Vieira Silvia , Buchanan Dougal , Malandraki-Miller Sophia , Bruyneel Arne A.N. , Sousa Fialho Maria da Luz , Ball Vicky , Clarke Kieran , Faggian Giuseppe , Carr Carolyn A.
Published: October 2015

Mesenchymal stem cells offer a promising approach to the treatment of myocardial infarction and prevention of heart failure. However, in the clinic, cells will be isolated from patients who may be suffering from comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes, which are known to adversely affect progenitor cells. Here we determined the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on mesenchymal stem cells from cardiac and adipose tissues. Mice were fed a HFD for 4 months, after which cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) were cultured from atrial tissue and adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (ADMSCs) were isolated from epididymal fat depots. HFD raised body weight, fasted plasma glucose, lactate, and insulin. Ventricle and liver tissue of HFD-fed mice showed protein changes associated with an early type 2 diabetic phenotype. At early passages, more ADMSCs were obtained from HFD-fed mice than from chow-fed mice, whereas CDC number was not affected by HFD. Migratory and clonogenic capacity and release of vascular endothelial growth factor did not differ between cells from HFD- and chow-fed animals. CDCs from chow-fed and HFD-fed mice showed no differences in surface marker expression, whereas ADMSCs from HFD-fed mice contained more cells positive for CD105, DDR2, and CD45, suggesting a high component of endothelial, fibroblast, and hematopoietic cells. Both Noggin and transforming growth factor β-supplemented medium induced an early stage of differentiation in CDCs toward the cardiomyocyte phenotype. Thus, although chronic high-fat feeding increased the number of fibroblasts and hematopoietic cells within the ADMSC population, it left cardiac progenitor cells largely unaffected.

Significance

Mesenchymal cells are a promising candidate cell source for restoring lost tissue and thereby preventing heart failure. In the clinic, cells are isolated from patients who may be suffering from comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes. This study examined the effect of a high-fat diet on mesenchymal cells from cardiac and adipose tissues. It was demonstrated that a high-fat diet did not affect cardiac progenitor cells but increased the number of fibroblasts and hematopoietic cells within the adipose-derived mesenchymal cell population.
Management of Lower Lid Entropion by Adjustable Sutures: Sam's Procedure
Authors: Irfan Sameera , Iqbal Haris
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

There are many surgical techniques to correct involutional entropion, but they lead to either overcorrection or recurrence. A new surgical technique is described here that takes care of both of these problems.

Materials and Methods:

In a prospective study done at an oculoplastic unit, 25 consecutive cases of involutional entropion with no remarkable horizontal lid laxity were included. There were 16 primary cases and 9 recurrent. The mean age of patients was 67.5 ± 7.4 years (SD) with a range of 56–78 years. All were operated by a single surgeon (S.I.) using the procedure described here. They were followed up at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 1 year postoperatively. The position of the lower lid was recorded at each visit. Under local anesthetic infiltration, skin incision was made 4 mm below the lash line, extending from the lower punctum to the lateral canthus. The orbicularis muscle was split; the inferior orbital septum was divided to expose the lower lid retractor complex. It was opposed to the lower border of the tarsal plate by two 6–0 Vicryl sutures tied in slipknots which were kept outside the skin wound. The skin was closed with a continuous Vicryl suture. The next morning, if any overcorrection was noted, the knots were opened, the patient was asked to look up, and the lid was gently massaged upwards; this loosened the sutures and the overcorrection was undone. The sutures were tied and the ends cut short.

Results:

Of 25 cases, 9 (36%) needed loosening of sutures to correct slight overcorrection. On repeat follow-up, none of the patients developed recurrence or overcorrection.

Conclusions:

This is a simple technique that is easy to learn and avoids recurrence and overcorrection.
Periorbital Fat Grafting and its Effect on Upper Eyelid Height
Authors: Joseph Jeffrey M. , Lissauer Boaz J. , Kornstein Andrew N.
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Recently there has been an evolving paradigm shift toward the treatment of facial volume loss either alone or in conjunction with more traditional modalities. Although volume augmentation is commonly used in rejuvenation of the upper orbital sulcus and brow, the effect on the upper eyelid has not yet been documented. This article describes one clinician's experience (A.N.K.) with autologous fat grafting to the upper orbital sulcus and the effect on upper eyelid position.

Materials and Methods:

After a detailed clinical evaluation of the periorbital region including overall facial aging, brow position, and eyelid laxity, 7 patients underwent autologous fat transfer to the periorbital region. Comparison of photos taken before and after the procedure showed a clear increase in the upper eyelid height.

Results:

All 7 patients described in this study demonstrated objective increase in upper lid height after periorbital autologous fat transfer, ranging from 0.41 mm to 2.08 mm, with a mean of 1.00 mm.

Discussion:

Periocular volume augmentation and its effect on lower eyelid position have been described previously. An attempt to alter upper eyelid height with volume augmentation directly to the upper eyelid has also been described recently. However, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of volume augmentation to the periorbital region affecting upper eyelid position in this manner. The clinical application of this observational data is not yet clear. However, the potential exists for extension of this modality to upper eyelid malposition such as ptosis.
Melanin Light Absorption as the Necessary but Not Sufficient Condition for Photoepilation: Miniaturization and Eclipse Phenomena
Authors: Kruglikov Ilja L.
Published: November 2015

Some contradictions within the field of photoepilation can be resolved by taking into account that the light sensitivity of hair follicles (HF) is connected with their mesenchymal remodelling, which takes place at the distal end of the growing HF. Interruption of these remodelling processes can cause the formation of micro-scars beneath the HFs, which is typical for androgenic alopecia and can explain such photoepilation phenomena as miniaturization of HF and eclipse. Since remodelling processes do not take place during the whole anagen phase of HF development, this must be reflected in the intra-anagen variability of the HF light sensitivity. Such variability must strongly restrict the “room for more gains” in the photoepilation influencing the optimal treatment strategy.
Calf Augmentation: A Single Institution Review of over 200 Cases
Authors: Chugay Paul N. , Chugay Nikolas V.
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Over the past several decades, there has been increased interest in creating a fuller-appearing and more well-defined calf region. The primary method for augmentation is use of a semirigid silicone prosthesis as it produces reliable results and an aesthetically pleasing calf contour.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective review of patient charts was performed to identify patients who had undergone calf augmentation from 2007 through 2011. The charts were reviewed for patient satisfaction, size of implant, and observed complications.

Results:

A total of 202 calf augmentations were performed over the 5 years studied. The overall satisfaction rate was 92.1% (186/202). Patients who were unsatisfied with the procedure were primarily dissatisfied with the amount of augmentation achieved or by hypertrophic scarring.

Conclusions:

Calf augmentation is a procedure that can nicely enhance the physique in a reliable fashion. The overall satisfaction rate is excellent as long as care is taken to ensure that the right implant is chosen to meet the patient's expectations, that meticulous attention is paid to dissection of the pocket to minimize implant migration, and that a layered closure is used to minimize hypertrophic scarring.
Use of Topical Antibacterial and Steroid Ophthalmic Ointment after Transconjunctival Lower-Lid Blepharoplasty for Prevention of Chemosis
Authors: Patel Riddhi , Geroulis Anthony
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

The transconjunctival approach for lower-lid blepharoplasty has gained increased attention because lower complication rates have been reported than for the transcutaneous approach. However, chemosis, or conjuncti-val edema, may still occur in patients postoperatively. Our study aims to review the rates of postoperative chemosis, and analyze how use of a topical antibiotic- and steroid-containing ophthalmic ointment affects those rates.

Materials and Methods:

The charts of 100 patients who underwent transconjunctival lower-lid blepharoplasties by one surgeon were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The rate of postoperative chemosis was compared between patients who had routine postoperative administration of topical antibiotic and steroid ophthalmic ointment and those who had not.

Results:

Of the patients received postoperative steroid and antibiotic ophthalmic ointment, 29% developed postoperative chemosis, compared with 30% of patients who did not receive the treatment. Concurrent upper-lid blepharoplasty increased the rate of postoperative chemosis across all patients (OR 3.0; P= .017).

Conclusions:

Although many surgeons routinely use ophthalmic solutions and ointments with antibiotics and/or steroids after a transconjunctival approach, very little data support this practice. Our study demonstrates that there is no significant difference in the rate of postoperative chemosis when such agents are used routinely after transconjunctival lower-lid blepharoplasty.
Evaluation of Cryolipolysis for Subcutaneous Fat Reduction
Authors: Kotlus Brett S. , Mok Charles
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Cold-induced adipocyte injury or “cryolipolysis” is a noninvasive means of subcutaneous fat reduction. We review a series of 192 cryolipolysis treatments in 59 patients.

Materials and Methods:

Ultrasound measurements were used to determine the change in subcutaneous thickness before treatment and 2 months after treatment.

Results:

An average thickness reduction of 25.2% was seen after a single treatment.

Conclusions:

We conclude that cryolipolysis is an effective method of noninvasive body contouring.
Skin and Subcutaneous Temperature Monitoring in Women during Laser-Assisted Liposculpture
Authors: Burke Robert H.
Published: November 2015

Controlled subdermal dual wavelength energy (1064/1320) was applied in women treated for lipodysmorphia. Monitored surface and subdermal temperatures were analyzed and compared to desired thermal end points. A previously reported subdermal temperature monitor was used to measure subdermal temperature at the point of laser energy output. The treatment end point of ease of cannula insertion was used as an end point rather than fixed energy and temperature. Statistical analysis revealed significant skin and subdermal temperature differences at the completion of treatment. Subdermal temperature monitoring is recommended to minimize and avoid thermal skin damage. The empirical end point of tissue resistance and ease of cannula insertion used in this study (versus temperature elevation) may lead to a safer, more predictable laser-assisted lipolysis procedure.
Role of Tisseel Fibrin Sealant on Postoperative Seroma and Hematoma Rates in Rhytidectomy Patients
Authors: Hearne Jennifer , Kennedy Brent , Diepenbrock Ryan
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Rhytidectomy has become a popular procedure for the surgical treatment of the aging face and facial rhytids. Advances in autogenous, allogenic, xenographic, and synthetic sealant and hemostatic agents, working on multiple locations of the clotting cascade, are used by various specialties. Tisseel, a fibrin sealant (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Westlake Village, Calif), can be categorized as a hemostat and sealant agent. In the rhytidectomy literature, the use of the allogenic product Tisseel has been reported to lead to superior results with fewer complications when compared with traditional suturing techniques and meticulous intraoperative hemostasis. The ability of this fibrin sealant to reduce the rate of postoperative fluid collections, such as hematoma and seroma, is currently under investigation.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Patients from 2 medical centers were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 served as the control, in which biplane rhytidectomy procedures were completed with no fibrin sealant. In group 2, the experimental group, the fibrin sealant agent was used during the rhytidectomy procedures. In the experimental group, all patients underwent a biplane rhytidectomy procedure with 2 mL of fibrin sealant applied directly under the surgical flap to the subcutaneous surfaces. The effect of each treatment on the postoperative rate of formation of seromas and hematomas was assessed and recorded within a 3-day period after the surgery.

Results:

The difference in the rate of postoperative seroma or hematoma development in the control group versus the experimental group was not found to be statistically significant.

Conclusions:

The use of fibrin sealant can complement good surgical hemostatic technique, but the material cannot be relied on to reduce postoperative rates of hematomas and seromas after rhytidectomy procedures.
The Management of Filler Nodules
Authors: Amore Roberto , Rauso Raffaele , Dayan Steven , Curinga Giuseppe
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Nonpermanent fillers are currently some of the most widely used treatments in medical aesthetics. Notwithstanding safety approval by the competent authorities, adverse effects can occur and have a tendency to be underestimated. Nodules are a particularly alarming event and not uncommon. Through the evaluation of articles in the literature and personal/professional practice, this study aims to provide guidelines for the prevention and therapeutic algorithm regarding the management of the nodules.

Materials and Methods:

We assessed 458 articles found in the literature and 1954 treatments performed over 36 months on 357 patients with 34 different devices.

Results:

The nodular lesions occurred in 2.6% of the cases, with a highly variable percentage depending on the device used. The main factors associated with these lesions were the type of device used, sun exposure, and weight loss. The occurrence of the nodules was doubled: in 45% of cases with acute inflammation and in 55% of cases with hardening of the implant. The therapeutic protocol used has significantly reduced the extent and duration of nodular lesions, ameliorating the prognosis.

Conclusions:

Work reported in the literature and through personal experience supports the spectrum of etiologies and a multifactorial pathogenesis: granulomatous reactions occur as a reaction to a foreign body caused by endogenous and exogenous factors. The course of treatment should correspond to the type of onset. The treatment for acute inflammation should be based on fluoroquinolones, oral prednisolone, hyaluronidase, and intralesional lincomycin. Hardening of the implant should be treated with 5-fluorouracil, hyaluronidase, suction, and drainage. Although the etiology is not recognized and pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet well understood, clinical evidence guides treatment. The guidelines for the prevention and treatment proposed by this study can be of great help to the practitioner for the management of adverse events.
Total Face Rejuvenation: Simultaneous 3-Plane Surgical Approach Combined with Ablative Laser Resurfacing
Authors: Chen Achih H. , Becker Adam M.
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Among the public, the gold standard in facial rejuvenation surgery is often thought of as face-lift surgery or rhytidectomy; however, a lifting and tightening procedure more optimally treats the jawline and neck by smoothing the jowls and addressing the submental waddle. In the middle third of the face, a lifting or tightening procedure may result in widening and flattening of the mid-face, producing an unnatural, pulled appearance. Volume restoration in the mid-face region often creates a more natural-appearing rejuvenation by reversing the deflation of the facial middle third that has occurred over time. While rhytidectomy and volume restoration create excellent results, the aging of the facial skin through extrinsic factors such as sun exposure or tobacco use remains untreated. Consequently, for a more complete facial rejuvenation, ablative laser resurfacing may be added to address fine facial lines and pigment irregularities to smooth the overlying skin texture. More complete facial rejuvenation may be achieved through combined rhytidectomy, mid-face volume restoration, and full-face ablative laser resurfacing performed concomitantly. Although there seem to be inherent risks of simultaneous laser resurfacing and rhytidectomy, previous studies have demonstrated the safety in these combined procedures. To achieve a more complete facial rejuvenation, a third plane of surgical dissection may be performed to restore mid-face volume through a subperiosteal approach; however, the inherent risks of laser resurfacing in patients undergoing a triplanar procedure, including subcutaneous, sub–superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and subperiosteal dissection have not been previously established in the literature. The objective is to evaluate the safety of combined extended-SMAS rhytidectomy, mid-face implant placement, and full-face erbium:YAG resurfacing.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective review of patients undergoing combined extended-SMAS rhytidectomy, mid-face augmentation, and full-face erbium:YAG laser resurfacing by a single surgeon was conducted. Demographic data, surgical complications, and associated factors were recorded.

Results:

Twenty-one patients were identified. All were female and aged from 58 to 71 years. There were no cases of flap necrosis or slough. There was 1 case of hematoma that resolved with conservative management. One patient with a history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass had an implant infection. She was found to have malabsorption of her antibiotics, which immediately resolved once her antibiotics were crushed. Epithelization occurred within 10 days, and all patients were able to wear makeup after 10 days. It is important to note that none of these complications are felt to be the result of combining the procedures.

Conclusions:

Simultaneous extended-SMAS rhytidectomy, mid-face augmentation, and full-face erbium:YAG resurfacing is a safe and effective strategy in providing facial rejuvenation.
Transient Sixth Nerve Palsy and Mydriasis following a Temporal Sculptra Aesthetic (Poly-(L)-Lactic Acid) Injection: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Abugo Usiwoma , Rostami Soheila
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Intraocular side effects of Sculptra Aesthetic (poly-(L)-lactic acid) (PLLA) (Dermik, Bridgewater, NJ, a subsidiary of Aventis Pharmaceuticals International Inc), dermal filler have been rare. The authors seek to describe the first case of a transient sixth nerve palsy and mydriasis secondary to extraorbital PLLA filler injection and to present hypotheses explaining the complications.

Materials and Methods:

A case report is presented that details a complication suffered by 1 patient during a temporal PLLA injection. A thorough review of the literature was performed. The literature was evaluated with respect to the number of patients, complications, and outcomes secondary to PLLA injections.

Results:

In the literature, there were 3 reported cases of ocular symptoms following a PLLA injection. The findings ranged from posterior ciliary artery occlusion to orbital infarction and blindness. In our case, we propose that the PLLA accessed the orbit by leakage through the temporal orbit due to the mechanism of injection combined with an increased porosity secondary to osteopenia.

Conclusions:

A large majority of the patients who seek a cosmetic result that can be gained by fillers are postmenopausal women. This population is characteristically affected by osteopenia and osteoporosis. For patients similar to ours, with osteopenia or osteoporosis, extra care must be taken when injecting the temporal area secondary to its various areas of susceptibility caused by decreased density. Because of the increased use of PLLA as a dermal filler, it would be prudent to include an eye exam as part of the pretreatment and posttreatment care plan.
Horta na escola: uma forma didática de trabalhar a sustentabilidade
Authors: Cunha Vanessa Tainara da , Costa Andrezza Grasielly , Cunha Emanoela Magna da , Cunha Valeria Tatiany da , Oliveira Ludimilla Carvalho Serafim de , Macedo Isaac Rodrigo da Costa
Published: October 2015

A horta didática na escola vem ganhando espaço no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de alunos acerca das questões ambientais. Dessa forma, no Centro Regional de Educação Especial de Mossoró/RN – CREE-MOS, buscou-se mostra o valor da horta orgânica no âmbito escolar e sua contribuição educacional no processo ensino sobre as gestões ambientais, bem como falar da importância de se ter mais formações nas escolas. No CREE-MOS constatou que o quadro de professore é formado, em sua maior maioria, por pessoas do gênero masculino. No que diz respeito ao envolvimento dos alunos em hortas didáticas, 42% dos entrevistados afirmaram que é possível envolve-os através de aulas práticas e outros 32% expuseram que o mais provável seria através da alimentação dos alunos, entre outras práticas. A coleta de dados foi realizada no mês de julho a agosto 2013, com o acompanhamento de registro fotográfico. Durante a coleta de dados aplicou-se dois questionários, um antes da formação e o outro após a formação. A análise dos dados foi feita no Microsoft® Excel versão 2013 e transformado em gráficos para melhor apresentação e entendimento da situação. Dessa forma conclui-se que a forma de ensino através da horta didática é fundamental no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos, levando em consideração que a mesma trabalha os princípios de meio ambiente e sustentabilidade, como também que a formação de professores sobre as questões ambientais é primordial para o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Uso da água e caracterização ambiental de pisciculturas familiares do noroeste do Tocantins
Authors: Torati Lucas Simon , Silva Adriano Prysthon da , Rodrigues Ana Paula Oeda , Lima Adriana Ferreira , Maciel Patricia Oliveira , Pedroza Filho Manoel Xavier , Ummus Marta Eichemberger
Published: October 2015

O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar o uso da água e os aspectos ambientais de sete pisciculturas familiares ao longo de um ciclo produtivo de Tambatinga, na região Noroeste do estado do Tocantins. Seis dessas pisciculturas realizaram a produção em viveiros escavados, enquanto apenas uma utilizou uma represa de maior porte para uso de tanque-rede. Considerando o clima da região, todas as pisciculturas apresentam um período anual de seca, quando a água disponível para o cultivo se esgota pela ausência de chuva e pela característica intermitente dos rios da região. Duas pisciculturas não estavam instaladas em área de proteção permanente, mas utilizam água de afloramentos em regiões baixas não muito próximas a córregos e rios. Observou-se que parte desses viveiros escavados foi construída originalmente para dessedentação de gado e outros animais, e ganharam uso na piscicultura graças ao recente crescimento e estruturação dessa atividade no estado. Observou-se que apenas duas pisciculturas liberam efluentes do sistema de engorda dos peixes, mas em índices baixos devido ao sistema de manejo de água empregado. Durante 30 semanas acompanhou-se a variação nos seguintes parâmetros de qualidade da água: amônia, nitrito, pH, alcalinidade, gás carbônico e transparência. Em nenhuma delas os índices de amônia e nitrito foram superiores ao limite estabelecido pela legislação para a liberação de efluentes. Também em nenhuma piscicultura foi constatado o uso químicos para controle de doenças, uma prática usual da aquicultura.
Evaluation of a Fatigue Self-Management Program for People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mulligan Hilda , Wilkinson Amanda , Barclay Amelia , Whiting Hayley , Heynike Christelle , Snowdon Jessie
Published: November 2015

Background: Fatigue is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). The program “Minimise Fatigue, Maximise Life: Creating Balance with Multiple Sclerosis” (MFML) was created in New Zealand because of the lack of a fatigue management program for people with MS in that country. This program aims to empower individuals with MS to manage their own symptoms of fatigue. The objective of this study was to evaluate the MFML fatigue self-management program.

Methods: Self-report questionnaires were used to measure impact of fatigue (5-item Modified Fatigue Impact Scale), self-efficacy (MS Self-efficacy Scale), and quality of life (12-item Short Form Health Status Survey [SF-12]) 1 month before (T1), at commencement of (T2) (to investigate the stability of questionnaire scores before the intervention), and at the end of (T3) the 6-week group-based program. Increased self-efficacy and quality of life scores and a decrease in reported impact of fatigue were the anticipated primary outcomes, with participants acting as their own controls.

Results: Twenty-five women (aged 37–63 years) participated. Stability of scores for all the questionnaires was evidenced between T1 and T2. After the intervention (T3), scores showed a significant improvement in self-efficacy and impact of fatigue, with large effect sizes, but no change in either the physical or mental component summary of the SF-12.

Conclusions: Despite the small sample size, this study showed an organized approach to the management of fatigue for people living with MS, and its outcomes demonstrated benefits for participants.
A Complete and the Most Liberal Semantics for Converging OR Gateways in Sound Processes
Authors: Prinz Thomas , Amme Wolfram
Published: November 2015

Although the semantics of converging OR gateways (also known as OR-joins) in business processes is far from trivial, they are frequently used. In this paper, we describe a general definition for soundness of processes guaranteeing the absence of deadlocks and no lack of synchronization for each possible OR-join semantics. Then, we derive a criterion — completeness — to evaluate existing approaches of OR-join semantics. As a result, no currently existing OR-join semantics is complete; therefore, there are actually correct processes being not successfully executable. For that, we provide our own approach based on a traditional relation of compiler construction; and we show that this approach is complete and can be called the most liberal possible.
The diagnostic and prognostic importance of oxidative stress biomarkers and acute phase proteins in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in camels
Authors: El-Deeb Wael M. , Buczinski Sébastien
Published: November 2015

The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic importance of oxidative stress biomarkers and acute phase proteins in urinary tract infection (UTI) in camels. We describe the clinical, bacteriological and biochemical findings in 89 camels. Blood and urine samples from diseased (n= 74) and control camels (n= 15) were submitted to laboratory investigations. The urine analysis revealed high number of RBCS and pus cells. The concentrations of serum and erythrocytic malondialdehyde (sMDA & eMDA), Haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), Ceruloplasmin (Cp), fibrinogen (Fb), albumin, globulin and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were higher in diseased camels when compared to healthy ones. Catalase, super oxide dismutase and glutathione levels were lower in diseased camels when compared with control group. Forty one of 74 camels with UTI were successfully treated. The levels of malondialdehyde, catalase, super oxide dismutase, glutathione, Hp, SAA, Fb, total protein, globulin and IL-6 were associated with the odds of treatment failure. The MDA showed a great sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) in predicting treatment failure (Se 85%/Sp 100%) as well as the SAA (Se 92%/Sp 87%) and globulin levels (Se 85%/Sp 100%) when using the cutoffs that maximizes the sum of Se + Sp. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that two models had a high accuracy to predict failure with the first model including sex, sMDA and Hp as covariates (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.92) and a second model using sex, SAA and Hp (AUC = 0.89). Conclusively, the oxidative stress biomarkers and acute phase proteins could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in camel UTI management. Efforts should be forced to investigate such biomarkers in other species with UTI.
Kisspeptin receptor agonist (FTM080) increased plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone in anestrous ewes
Authors: Whitlock Brian K. , Daniel Joseph A. , Amelse Lisa L. , Tanco Valeria M. , Chameroy Kelly A. , Schrick F. Neal
Published: November 2015

Kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) agonists with increased half-life and similar efficacy to kisspeptinin vitromay provide beneficial applications in breeding management of many species. However, many of these agonists have not been testedin vivo. These studies were designed to test and compare the effects of a KISS1R agonist (FTM080) and kisspeptin on luteinizing hormone (LH)in vivo. In experiment 1 (pilot study), sheep were treated with FTM080 (500 pmol/kg BW) or sterile water (VEH) intravenosuly. Blood was collected every 15 min before (1 h) and after (1 h) treatment. In experiment 2, sheep were treated with KP-10 (human Metastin 45-54; 500 pmol/kg BW), one of three dosages of FTM080 (500 (FTM080:500), 2500 (FTM080:2500), or 5000 (FTM080:5000) pmol/kg BW), or VEH intravenously. Blood was collected every 15 min before (1 h) and after (4 h) treatment. In experiment 1, FTM080:500 increased (P< 0.05) plasma LH concentrations when compared to VEH. The area under the curve (AUC) of LH following FTM080:500 treatment was also increased (P< 0.05). In experiment 2, plasma LH concentrations increased (P< 0.05) following treatment with KP-10 and FTM080:5000 when compared to VEH and FTM080:500. The AUC of LH following KP-10 was greater than (P< 0.05) all other treatments and the AUC of LH following FTM080:5000 was greater than (P< 0.05) all treatments except KP-10. These data provide evidence to suggest that FTM080 stimulates the gonadotropic axis of ruminantsin vivo. Any increased half-life and comparable efficacy of FTM080 to KP-10in vitrodoes not appear to translate toin vivoin sheep.
Variation in species diversity and functional traits of sponge communities near human populations in Bocas del Toro, Panama
Authors: Easson Cole G. , Matterson Kenan O. , Freeman Christopher J. , Archer Stephanie K. , Thacker Robert W.
Published: November 2015

Recent studies have renewed interest in sponge ecology by emphasizing the functional importance of sponges in a broad array of ecosystem services. Many critically important habitats occupied by sponges face chronic stressors that might lead to alterations in their diversity, relatedness, and functional attributes. We addressed whether proximity to human activity might be a significant factor in structuring sponge community composition, as well as potential functional roles, by monitoring sponge diversity and abundance at two structurally similar sites that vary in distance to areas of high coastal development in Bocas Del Toro, Panama. We surveyed sponge communities at each site using belt transects and differences between two sites were compared using the following variables: (1) sponge species richness, Shannon diversity, and inverse Simpson’s diversity; (2) phylogenetic diversity; (3) taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity; (4) trait diversity and dissimilarity; and (5) phylogenetic and trait patterns in community structure. We observed significantly higher sponge diversity at Punta Caracol, the site most distant from human development (∼5 km). Although phylogenetic diversity was lower at Saigon Bay, the site adjacent to a large village including many houses, businesses, and an airport, the sites did not exhibit significantly different patterns of phylogenetic relatedness in species composition. However, each site had a distinct taxonomic and phylogenetic composition (beta diversity). In addition, the sponge community at Saigon included a higher relative abundance of sponges with high microbial abundance and high chlorophyllaconcentration, whereas the community at Punta Caracol had a more even distribution of these traits, yielding a significant difference in functional trait diversity between sites. These results suggest that lower diversity and potentially altered community function might be associated with proximity to human populations. This study highlights the importance of evaluating functional traits and phylogenetic diversity in addition to common diversity metrics when assessing potential environmental impacts on benthic communities.
NmF2 enhancement during ionospheric F2 region nighttime: A statistical analysis based on COSMIC observations during the 2007–2009 solar minimum
Authors: Chen Yiding , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Wan Weixing , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2015

In this paper the global features of NmF2 enhancement occurring during ionospheric F2 region nighttime (the period when the sunlight is occulted by the Earth in the altitudinal range of ionospheric F2 region) and lasting for more than 2 h were investigated based on Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) measurements during the 2007–2009 solar minimum. This nighttime enhancement of NmF2 mainly appears at the latitudes with dips larger than 45° in the winter hemisphere in solstice seasons. The magnitude of NmF2 enhancement reaches latitudinal maxima (minima) at the geomagnetic latitudes of about 40°–50° (60°–70°), with larger magnitudes in the northern winter hemisphere than in the southern winter hemisphere. The longitudinal variation of nighttime enhancement is also evident; especially the magnitude of NmF2 enhancement shows a significant longitudinal modulation in the southern winter hemisphere. The controlling factors of the spatial variations of NmF2 nighttime enhancement were analyzed. The longitudinal variation of NmF2 nighttime enhancement is suggested to be related to the longitudinal differences in background NmF2, thermospheric density, and interhemispheric plasma transport, and the latitudinal variation of NmF2 nighttime enhancement is possibly related to the latitudinal variations of geomagnetic inclination and the plasma storage in the topside ionosphere and the plasmasphere. The configuration of the geomagnetic field plays an important role in the longitudinal and latitudinal variations of NmF2 nighttime enhancement.
Low nanopore connectivity limits gas production in Barnett formation
Authors: Hu Qinhong , Ewing Robert P. , Rowe Harold D.
Published: October 2015

Gas‐producing wells in the Barnett Formation show a steep decline from initial production rates, even within the first year, and only 12–30% of the estimated gas in place is recovered. The underlying causes of these production constraints are not well understood. The rate‐limiting step in gas production is likely diffusive transport from matrix storage to the stimulated fracture network. Transport through a porous material such as shale is controlled by both geometry (e.g., pore size distribution) and topology (e.g., pore connectivity). Through an integrated experimental and theoretical approach, this work finds that the Barnett Formation has sparsely connected pores. Evidence of low pore connectivity includes the sparse and heterogeneous presence of trace levels of diffusing solutes beyond a few millimeters from a sample edge, the anomalous behavior of spontaneous water imbibition, the steep decline in edge‐accessible porosity observed in tracer concentrations following vacuum saturation, the low (about 0.2–0.4% by volume) level presence of Wood's metal alloy when injected at 600 MPa pressure, and high tortuosity from mercury injection capillary pressure. Results are consistent with an interpretation of pore connectivity based on percolation theory. Low pore connectivity of shale matrix limits its mass transfer interaction with the stimulated fracture network from hydraulic fracturing and serves as an important underlying cause for steep declines in gas production rates and a low overall recovery rate.
Seismic hydraulic fracture migration originated by successive deep magma pulses: The 2011–2013 seismic series associated to the volcanic activity of El Hierro Island
Authors: Díaz‐Moreno A. , Ibáñez J. M. , De Angelis S. , García‐Yeguas A. , Prudencio J. , Morales J. , Tuvè T. , García L.
Published: October 2015

In this manuscript we present a new interpretation of the seismic series that accompanied eruptive activity off the coast of El Hierro, Canary Islands, during 2011–2013. We estimated temporal variations of the Gutenberg‐Richter b value throughout the period of analysis, and performed high‐precision relocations of the preeruptive and syneruptive seismicity using a realistic 3‐D velocity model. Our results suggest that eruptive activity and the accompanying seismicity were caused by repeated injections of magma from the mantle into the lower crust. These magma pulses occurred within a small and well‐defined volume resulting in the emplacement of fresh magma along the crust‐mantle boundary underneath El Hierro. We analyzed the distribution of earthquake hypocenters in time and space in order to assess seismic diffusivity in the lower crust. Our results suggest that very high earthquake rates underneath El Hierro represent the response of a stable lower crust to stress perturbations with pulsatory character, linked to the injection of magma from the mantle. Magma input from depth caused large stress perturbations to propagate into the lower crust generating energetic seismic swarms. The absence of any preferential alignment in the spatial pattern of seismicity reinforces our hypothesis that stress perturbation and related seismicity, had diffusive character. We conclude that the temporal and spatial evolution of seismicity was neither tracking the path of magma migration nor it defines the boundaries of magma storage volumes such as a midcrustal sill. Our conceptual model considers pulsatory magma injection from the upper mantle and its propagation along the Moho. We suggest, within this framework, that the spatial and temporal distributions of earthquake hypocenters reflect hydraulic fracturing processes associated with stress propagation due to magma movement.
Downdip variations in seismic reflection character: Implications for fault structure and seismogenic behavior in the Alaska subduction zone
Authors: Li Jiyao , Shillington Donna J. , Bécel Anne , Nedimović Mladen R. , Webb Spahr C. , Saffer Demian M. , Keranen Katie M. , Kuehn Harold
Published: October 2015

Seismic reflection data collected offshore of Alaska Peninsula across the western edge of the Semidi segment show distinctive variations in reflection characteristics of the megathrust fault with depth, suggesting changes in structure that may relate to seismic behavior. From the trench to ~40 km landward, two parallel reflections are observed, which we interpret as the top and bottom of the subducted sediment section. From ~50 to 95 km from the trench, the plate interface appears as a thin (<400 ms) reflection band. Deeper and farther landward, the plate interface transitions to a thicker (1–1.5 s) package of reflections, where it appears to intersect the fore‐arc mantle wedge based on our preferred interpretation of the continental Moho. Synthetic waveform modeling suggests that the thin reflection band is best explained by a single ~100 to 250 m thick low‐velocity zone, whereas the thick reflection band requires a 3 to 5 km thick zone of thin layers. The thin reflection band is located at the center of the 1938 Mw 8.2 Semidi earthquake rupture zone that now experiences little interplate seismicity. The thick reflection band starts at the downdip edge of the rupture zone, correlates with a dipping band of seismicity, and projects to the location of tremor at greater depth. We interpret the thin reflection band as a compacted sediment layer and/or localized shear zone. The thick reflection band could be caused by a wide deformation zone with branching faults and/or fluid‐rich layers, representing a broad transition from stick‐slip sliding to slow slip and tremor.
Optical properties of melting first‐year Arctic sea ice
Authors: Light Bonnie , Perovich Donald K. , Webster Melinda A. , Polashenski Christopher , Dadic Ruzica
Published: October 2015

The albedo and transmittance of melting, first‐year Arctic sea ice were measured during two cruises of the Impacts of Climate on the Eco‐Systems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment (ICESCAPE) project during the summers of 2010 and 2011. Spectral measurements were made for both bare and ponded ice types at a total of 19 ice stations in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. These data, along with irradiance profiles taken within boreholes, laboratory measurements of the optical properties of core samples, ice physical property observations, and radiative transfer model simulations are employed to describe representative optical properties for melting first‐year Arctic sea ice. Ponded ice was found to transmit roughly 4.4 times more total energy into the ocean, relative to nearby bare ice. The ubiquitous surface‐scattering layer and drained layer present on bare, melting sea ice are responsible for its relatively high albedo and relatively low transmittance. Light transmittance through ponded ice depends on the physical thickness of the ice and the magnitude of the scattering coefficient in the ice interior. Bare ice reflects nearly three‐quarters of the incident sunlight, enhancing its resiliency to absorption by solar insolation. In contrast, ponded ice absorbs or transmits to the ocean more than three‐quarters of the incident sunlight. Characterization of the heat balance of a summertime ice cover is largely dictated by its pond coverage, and light transmittance through ponded ice shows strong contrast between first‐year and multiyear Arctic ice covers.
Sensitivity of MJO propagation to a robust positive Indian Ocean dipole event in the superparameterized CAM
Authors: Benedict James J. , Pritchard Michael S. , Collins William D.
Published: October 2015

The superparameterized Community Atmosphere Model (SPCAM) is used to investigate the impact and geographic sensitivity of positive Indian Ocean Dipole (+IOD) sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) on Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) propagation. The goal is to clarify potentially appreciable +IOD effects on MJO dynamics detected in prior studies by using a global model with explicit convection representation. Prescribed climatological October SSTs and variants of the SST distribution from October 2006, a +IOD event, force the model. Modest MJO convection weakening over the Maritime Continent occurs when either climatological SSTs, or +IOD SST anomalies restricted to the Indian Ocean, are applied. However, severe MJO weakening occurs when either +IOD SST anomalies are applied globally or restricted to the equatorial Pacific. MJO disruption is associated with time‐mean changes in the zonal wind profile and lower moist static energy (MSE) in subsiding air masses imported from the Subtropics by Rossby‐like gyres. On intraseasonal scales, MJO disruption arises from significantly smaller MSE accumulation, weaker meridional advective moistening, and overactive submonthly eddies that mix drier subtropical air into the path of MJO convection. These results (1) demonstrate that SPCAM reproduces observed time‐mean and intraseasonal changes during +IOD episodes, (2) reaffirm the role that submonthly eddies play in MJO propagation and show that such multiscale interactions are sensitive to interannual SST states, and (3) suggest that boreal fall +IOD SSTs local to the Indian Ocean have a significantly smaller impact on Maritime Continent MJO propagation compared to contemporaneous Pacific SST anomalies which, for October 2006, resemble El Niño‐like conditions.