bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Drug Delivery Strategies to Design Orally Dissolving
Formulations to Target Tuberculosis: A Futuristic Review
Authors: Chowrasia Pinky , Singh Mohini , Jana Bani Kumar , Bora Pankaj Lochan , Mahato Ranjit Kumar , Kharbithai Rikynjai , Gogoi Niva Rani , Sarkar Tumpa , Pal Paulami , Mazumder Bhaskar
Published: February 2024

All the standard anti-tubercular drugs, well established as standard therapy, are preferentially
available in formulations compliant with the young adult population. However, their use
in the paediatric and geriatric populations is confronted with issues, such as a high likelihood of
incorrect dose administration due to practices like dosage form fracture and splitting. This may
lead to drug resistance due to misuse and in-accurate dosage administration, the most dreaded and
difficult-to-treat stage of tuberculosis.

:

Poor patient compliance and adherence are major issues with the conventional line of therapy.
This burden may be more significant in resource-constrained settings, necessitating the creation
of simple formulations that are both geriatric and child-friendly. An extensive literature survey
has been conducted in this study using databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research Gate,
with a focus on specific research works on oro-dispersible films, tablets, and wafer technology
loaded with anti-tuberculosis drugs from 2022 to 2010.

:

Mouth dissolving formulation technology is a very novel approach in the arena of tuberculosis
therapy. This may pave the way for future researchers to develop different mouth dissolving formulations
to treat both pulmonary and extra-tuberculosis. This review paper has summarized all
the formulation approaches alongside the present state of the art in tuberculosis therapy using
mouth dissolving formulations.
Development of Phytoconstituents from Spathodea campanulata Flowers as
Potential Antimalarial Agents
Authors: Geevarghese Abin V. , Emimmal Maida E.S. , Elizabeth Ida C.V. , Krishnan Poovarasan , Sumathi Sarulatha M. , Perumal Thirumal
Published: February 2024

Background:

Considering the majority of pharmaceutical firms focus on using herbal
remedies as an alternative source of essential components, herbal remedies are extremely significant
to pharmacological researchers. Spathodea campanulata is one of the members of the Bignoniaceae
family. It is popular for its curative properties

Aim:

This research aimed to assess the possibility of bioactive elements and antioxidant impacts of
the methanol fraction of Spathodea campanulata flowers.

Objectives:

The objective of this research was to assess the achievable bioactive elements and antioxidant impacts of the methanol fraction of Spathodea campanulata flowers.

Methods:

GC-MS was adopted to identify the phytoconstituents present in the extract. In the present
study, we utilized computational modelling with the Schrödinger Maestro 11.2 edition to make benefit of interactions among 42 bio-active components and anti-malarial targets (1LDG and 2ANL).

Results:

In the methanol extract of the Spathodea campanulata flowers, phytochemical research revealed the presence of terpenoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, and flavonoids. Forty-two
phytoconstituents, notably methyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 1,2-
ethanediol monobenzoate, were determined through GC-MS analysis. Docking analysis of 42 bioactive compounds demonstrated that 1,2-ethanediol mono benzoate, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, and methyl.beta.-d-galactopyranoside had higher G-Scores with 1LDG and 2ANL.

Conclusion:

In this work, multiple phytoconstituents discovered in a methanol extract of the S. campanulata flower were determined. As a result of this research, four phytoconstituents from the flower
extracts may be created as an exciting new therapy for malaria.
The Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Gardenoside on Inflammatory
Injury via the INS/NF-κB Pathway in a T2DM Zebrafish Model
Authors: Liu Ping , Hou Mirong , He Jiawei , Zhou Jie , Wang Anna , Huo Chunjiang , Zhong Qiuhui , Zhang Jiaheng , Cheng Shaowu
Published: February 2024

Objective:

This study utilized the zebrafish model to investigate the therapeutic effects of gardenoside on inflammatory damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through the
INS/NF-κB pathway.

Methods:

The study employed 7-8-month-old AB strain zebrafish and induced T2DM models by
continuous exposure to a 2% glucose solution for 14 days. Control, model, gardenoside low-,
medium-, and high-dose groups (2.5 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L), and a metformin group were established. Parameters such as zebrafish body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, and behavioral
analyses were monitored. Fructosamine levels were measured using ELISA, while real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was employed to assess the relative expression levels of
INS, IRS, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-6 genes. Intestinal histological examination was conducted to
observe inflammation levels.

Results:

Compared to the control group, the model group exhibited significantly increased blood
glucose levels, weight gain, and fructosamine content. High-speed locomotion time increased,
while low-speed locomotion time decreased. Relative expression levels of INS, NF-κB, IL-1β,
and IL-6 genes were elevated (P < 0.0001), whereas IRS relative expression levels decreased (P
E0.001). In comparison to the model group, the gardenoside and metformin groups demonstrated reduced blood glucose levels and no significant change in body weight. The gardenoside low
and medium dose groups, as well as the metformin group, showed reduced high-speed locomotion time and increased low-speed locomotion time. The relative expression levels of INS, NFκB, IL-1β, and IL-6 genes in the gardenoside and metformin groups decreased (P < 0.01 or P <
0.0001), while IRS relative expression levels increased (P < 0.001 or P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Gardenoside may suppress inflammatory responses, alleviate insulin resistance, and
ameliorate diabetes-related inflammatory symptoms, potentially through the regulation of the
INS/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Hybrid Electric Cycle with Two Stoke Engine Based Two Wheel Terrain
Vehicle
Authors: Kandasamy Prabaakaran , Esakkiappan Kaliappan , Govindan Ajai , Nanthivaraman Bharathraj , Rajendran Ranjith , Selvaraj Jaisiva
Published: February 2024

Introduction::

Hybrid bicycles combine the features of road bikes and mountain bikes,
offering a versatile and practical mode of transportation. The focus of the hybrid bicycle project is
on energy conservation. Designed with a lightweight frame, comfortable seating, and efficient
wheels, these bikes provide riders with speed, control, and flexibility on various terrains. Their
adaptability, ease of use, and low maintenance requirements contribute to their growing popularity.

Method::

The hybrid bicycles in this project include a 250 W brushless motor, a lead-acid battery,
a controller, and a 110 cc internal combustion engine commonly used in motorcycles and scooters.
The engine operates on the principle of internal combustion, delivering optimal performance in a
compact and lightweight package. The BLDC motor, known for its efficiency and reliability, utilizes
permanent magnets to generate magnetic fields, eliminating the need for brushes and commutators.
Lead-acid batteries, widely used in various applications, store and release electrical energy
effectively. Controllers play a crucial role in managing electric motor operations, regulating
speed, torque, and direction of rotation.

Results::

Hybrid bicycles offer a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to cars for commuting.
The paper explores hybrid bicycles' design, advantages, and potential impact on the environment
and public health, aiming to encourage their adoption for daily commutes and recreational activities.
The Speed range about 40-45 km/hr with 2.688 hrs of effective battery

Conclusion::

It also discusses the potential for advancements in battery-powered electric hybrid
bikes to enhance their appeal and impact. Ultimately, hybrid bicycles have the potential to reduce
traffic congestion and decrease air pollution.
Employment of Synchronized Chaotic SHA256 Random Number Generators along with their Application in the Field of Image Encryption
Authors: Muddineni Raveendra , Kundu Krishanu , Saravanakumar U. , Dheeraj Pedapalli Saam Prasanth
Published: February 2024

Background:

Current work is associated with the deployment of synchronized chaotic
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA256) random number generators along with their application in image
encryption.

Methods:

This study aimed to design a perfect communication system to encrypt and decrypt the
images via image processing. We introduced a new sliding mode scheme for master-slave fourdimensional
(4D) Lorenz-Stenflo systems to deal with the synchronization problem. Then, a new
synchronized dynamic secure hash algorithm (SHA-256) was implemented to generate the dynamic
random numbers.

Results:

An image encryption and decryption mechanism was implemented by using synchronized
chaotic master-slave systems corresponding to the generated hash values. Here, the master
systems were used for encryption, and the slave systems were responsible for the decryption
mechanism. The complete design of this paper was implemented in a Python environment.

Conclusion:

The demonstration of simulation results includes the state responses, strange attractors,
and synchronization error responses of master-slave chaotic systems with appropriate
switching functions and control input.

conclusion:

An image encryption and decryption mechanism has been implemented by using synchronized chaotic master-slave systems corresponding to the generated hash values

other:

The complete design of this paper has been implemented on python environment
Electric Vehicle Battery State of Charge and Charging Station Distance Estimation Using IoT
Authors: Raghavendran C.R. , Kaliappan E. , Kandasamy Prabaakaran
Published: February 2024

Background:

The global transition to green energy and the rapid development of Electric
Vehicle (EV) technology, along with falling component costs, have fueled the growing popularity
of electric vehicles. To support the widespread adoption of EVs, an efficient and userfriendly
charging infrastructure is crucial.

Objective:

This work aims to propose a comprehensive EV charging system that addresses the rising
demand for charging stations, streamlines the charging process, and empowers EV drivers with essential
information. The primary focus is on an economical and effective booking system, enabling
users to locate nearby charging stations and make informed choices about their charging preferences

Methods:

We suggest developing a EVs Charging Finder App, serving as a central platform for
EV users to find nearby charging stations. The app will provide vital details, including ratings,
reviews, available time slots, charging duration estimates, and more. Users can also contribute
new charging station data, fostering app growth. Additionally, an alert system will notify users
when nearby charging slots become available, enhancing convenience for EV drivers.

Results:

The EVs Charging Finder App is anticipated to significantly enhance the accessibility
and convenience of EV charging. Users can effortlessly locate charging stations, assess quality
through reviews and ratings, and plan charging sessions based on real-time availability. The battery
voltage of 45.2 V is a critical parameter for monitoring the health and performance of the battery,
influencing the accuracy of state of charge (SoC) estimations and potentially impacting the
efficiency of the electric vehicle. The 47.7 km driven is a key factor in assessing energy consumption
and vehicle efficiency, which can affect the remaining state of charge in the battery. The battery's
state of charge (SOC) is at 85%, indicating a relatively high charge level. Knowing that the
charging station is available is crucial for planning charging activities, allowing users to proceed
without concerns about station availability. The booking time at 10:00 AM is essential for efficiently
managing charging infrastructure, especially in scenarios with high demand for charging
services. These data points collectively contribute to optimizing the charging experience and ensuring
the effective utilization of electric vehicle resources.

Conclusion:

The proposed EVs Charging Finder App offers a practical and efficient solution to
address the surging demand for charging stations. By providing comprehensive information and
real-time alerts, this system aims to make EV charging more accessible, user-friendly, and environmentally
sustainable.
Uncertainty Prediction of Offshore Wind Power based on Outlier Processing, Data Noise Reduction and the Deep Learning Method
Authors: Yu Zhen , Yang Yinguo , Lu Qiuyu , Wu Shuangxi , Zhu Yu
Published: February 2024

Background:

Accurate prediction of offshore wind power is the basis for promoting
the safe and economic operation of offshore wind farms.

Objective:

This paper proposes an uncertainty prediction learning model based on outlier processing,
synchronous wavelet denoising and attention mechanism optimization to achieve accurate
prediction of offshore wind power.

Methods:

Firstly, the isolated forest is adopted to filter the outliers of offshore wind power data
and delete the error data caused by equipment or humans. Secondly, a syn-chrosqueezing wavelet
neural network (SWT) is applied to denoise historical wind power data, improve data quality, and
lay a foundation for accurate prediction. Next, the offshore wind power prediction method based
on IP-SO-LSTM-Attention is constructed to realize offshore wind power prediction, in which the
attention mechanism is applied to focus on the influence of important features on the output of
offshore wind power, and the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to find
the best network structure of LSTM-Attention to optimize the prediction effect. After predicting
the point prediction results based on the SWT-IPSO-LSTM-Attention model, this paper sets
MAPE, RMSE, MAE and other indicators to evaluate the prediction effect.

Results:

The prediction error MAPE of the proposed model is 4.12%. It is 63.21% higher than
the benchmark model (SWT-BP) and 56.35% higher than the benchmark model (SWT-LSTM).

Conclusion:

Based on the point prediction results, this paper uses KDE (Gaussian) prediction results
to calculate the out-put curve under different confidence levels and provides decisionmaking
reference information for accurate decision-making.
Nanosensors from Logistics and Supply Chain Perspective: A Literature Review
Authors: Tunc Ilknur , Akyuz Goknur Arzu
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Nanosensors are one of the most recent technologies obtained from the
nanoworld. They have enhanced properties with potential applications in a wide spectrum of sectors.
They exhibit exceptional properties in temperature monitoring, hazardous gas and vapor detection,
humidity detection, as well as pathogens, toxins, and chemical contaminant detection. Among various
nanosensor applications, one of the most recent usages of nanosensor technology is in logistics
and supply chain management (SCM).

Aim:

This study aims at investigating the potential of nanosensor technology from logistics & SCM
perspective, and specifically questions how can this technology contribute to food supply chains.

Method:

A systematic comprehensive literature review was conducted with the keywords: nanosensors
& logistics, nanosensors & supply chain, nanosensors & smart packaging, and nanosensors &
food logistics for the date range 2001-2022, covering a broad set of references. Findings revealed
that nanosensors have significant potential in providing smart packaging, and improving traceability
and visibility across all the logistics and SCM processes including end-to-end transportation and
storage activities.

Result:

Hybrids of different types of nanosensors with the existing material identification systems
provide new levels of traceability and visibility in SCM, enabling accurate tracking of a variety of
parameters. The study has shown that the intersection of nanotechnology and logistics & SCM domains
is still immature.

Conclusion:

This intersection is especially critical for food supply chains for meeting their special
traceability requirements, and for serving food safety and organic food traceability across all stages
of logistics.
Scientific Writing – ChatGPT Versus Real-time Output: Addressing
Academician’s Concern
Authors: Anwar Firoz , Hosawi Salman Bakr I. , Al-Abbasi Fahad A. , Asar Turky Omar
Published: February 2024

Background:

The advent of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) model, has introduced
new challenges in educational practices, particularly in the realm of scientific writing at higher
educational institutions. The AI is trained on extensive datasets to generate scientific texts. Many
professors and academicians express concerns about the inclusion of AI chatbots in project execution,
interpretation, and writing within specialized subject curricula at the undergraduate and master’s
levels.

Methods:

To address these concerns, we employed the ChatGPT tool by posing a specific query
“Gynecomastia and the risk of non-specific lung disease, along with associated risk factors for workers
in the petrochemical industry”. We conducted a comparison between responses generated by
ChatGPT and real-time output from master’s students, examining document-to-document variation
on different dates.

Results and Discussion:

The AI chatbot failed to identify potential risk factors, in contrast to the
student response, which highlighted alteration in neutrophil levels, lung architecture, high IgE, elevated
CO2 levels, etc. The two responses did not align in terms of context understanding, language
nuances (words and phrases), and knowledge limitations (real-time access to information, creativity,
and originality of the query). A plagiarism check using the iThenticate software reported similarity
indices of 11% and 14%, respectively, in document-to-document analyses. The concerns raised by
academicians are not unfounded, and the apprehension regarding students utilizing ChatGPT in the
future revolves around ethical considerations, the potential for plagiarism, and the absence of laws
governing the use of AI in medical or scientific writing.

Conclusion:

While AI integration in the curriculum is feasible, it should be approached with a clear
acknowledgement of its limitations and benefits. Emphasizing the importance of critical thinking and
original work is crucial for students engaging with AI tools, addressing concerns related to ethics,
plagiarism, and potential copyright infringement in medical or scientific writings.
Advances and Issues in Biomaterials for Coronary Stenting
Authors: Nuge Tamrin , Liu Xiaoling , Lokanathan Yogeswaran , Hoque Md Enamul
Published: February 2024

Polymer-based biomaterials are a material of choice for many surgeons due
to their availability and durability. Many types are available on the market, but the
search for improved properties and to cater to technology demands, such as 3D
Printing, continues. Polyamide, used as an alternative in craniofacial reconstruction,
has become a subject of interest recently. This chapter explores the physical and
mechanical properties of polyamide composites fabricated via injection moulding and
3D printing techniques, along with their biocompatibility. With promising physical,
mechanical, and biocompatibility properties, polyamide composites are expected to
emerge as an alternative biomaterial for craniofacial reconstruction soon.
Cellulose Nanocrystals-Based Hydrogels for Drug Delivery
Authors: Wan Ishak Wan Hafizi , Ahmad Ishak
Published: February 2024

Recently, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have gained attention from
researchers around the world due to their favourable properties such as low cost, nontoxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and as small, strong hydrophilic materials,
which render them favourable candidates for the preparation of hydrogels. The
incorporation of CNC within a hydrogel matrix enables the hydrogel to sustain its
shape during swelling-deswelling. Besides absorbing and retaining large amounts of
water, hydrogels also respond to specific external environmental factors, such as
temperature, pH, the presence of ions, and concentration, making them appealing to be
engineered for drug delivery applications. In addition, CNCs also confer high
mechanical strength and thermal stability to the hydrogels, which expand their potential
in biomedical applications. This chapter focuses on the synthesis of nano cellulosebased hydrogels for drug delivery applications, including the extraction of CNC from
various sources, fabrication of hydrogels using chemical and radiation crosslinking, the
chemical, physical, and ‘smart’ properties of the hydrogels, and their application in
controlled drug delivery.
Recent Bio-Based Material Strategies to Regenerate Periodontal Tissue in Clinical Setting
Authors: Amila Hafiyyah Osa , Kusumo Widagdo Anton , Syaify Ahmad , Ardhani Retno
Published: February 2024

Periodontitis draws much attention because of its escalating burden on the
healthcare economy in both developed and developing countries. For decades,
periodontitis has been acknowledged as the most common oral disease worldwide and
mostly found in the productive age. The inflammation in periodontal tissue destructs
periodontal complex structures: periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
Hence, its therapy is directed to interrupt disease progression and restore damaged
tissue. The regenerative approach has been recognized by the periodontal association,
and it has been integrated in their clinical practice guidelines for treating periodontitis.
Various regenerative therapies have been introduced to dental clinics, which provide a
wide range of treatment services. The regenerative approach is selected based on the
consideration involving the interest of patients and clinicians. However, in its
development, regulatory, public, and manufacturer concerns must also be taken into
account. This paper exclusively discusses bio-functional materials used in dental clinics
to regenerate periodontal defects. The brief evaluation describes recent periodontal
regenerative materials available in clinics and clinician’s expectations of future
therapies.
A clinical comparative study of Patolakaturohinyadi Kashaya and Trayantyadi Kashaya in Koshtashakhashrita Kamala w.s.r. to Hepatocellular Jaundice
Authors: Akshata  , I.S. Mathapati  , G.S. Dharmannavar
Published: February 2024

In our Samhita, Kamala Vyadhi is briefly described. Kamala is a Pittaja Nanatmaja Vyadhi as well as Raktapradoshaja Vyadhi. Charaka has considered Kamala as advanced stage of Pandu Roga. Sushruta and Vagbhata has considered Kamala as a separate disease and Sushruta also told it is due to further complications of Pandu Roga, Kamala can be compared with Jaundice (Hepatocellular Jaundice) in contemporary science. Contemporary science has limitations in treating Kamala Vyadhi but Ayurvedic literature clearly explained pathology and treatment of Kamala Vyadhi in detail.
Literary review of Marma Chikitsa
Authors: Archana Singh  , Sunil Kumar Joshi  , Radhaballabh Sati
Published: February 2024

Ayurveda, the ancient science of holistic medicine and well-being, has been meticulously passed down through generations by Indian sages. Among the invaluable aspects of Ayurveda bestowed upon us by these revered Acharyas is the Marma science. Although not highly advanced in the context of modern science, Marma science emphasizes crucial points on the body surface known as Marmas. The occurrence of an injury at these vital points can potentially lead to disability, dysfunction, or even the termination of life. Intriguingly, Marmas serve as pivotal junctures where the entire spectrum of our physical and mental energy can be intentionally heightened, diminished, or redirected, facilitating transformative effects through the judicious application of Marma techniques. Considered as specialized pranic switches within the body, stimulating Marma points can lead to the balanced flow of Prana (life force) in different body parts, thereby yielding the desired therapeutic benefits. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Marmas, offering a general description and highlighting the utility of Marma Chikitsa in promoting overall well-being.
A bird’s eye view on the concept of Nityasamshleshitha Dosha
Authors: Rashmi B.M.
Published: February 2024

Ayurveda is a time-tested science of life, which is a treasure of knowledge, explains about the homeostasis of Dosha, Dhatu and Malas in our body. Diseases are as old as life, Disease is very old nothing has changed, it is we who changed. They are nothing but the permutation and combination of the various components of the body in vitiated state. Roganidana is the prime subject that reveals the complete process of the disease in the given patient and then the medicine is decided. The word Nityasamshleshita Dosha is used synonymous with the word Leena Dosha. Leena Dosha is a unique concept explained in Ayurveda, which plays a pivotal role in the manifestation of the disease. We find this concept explained in scattered references of Ayurveda literature explained by our Bruhatrayees. Leena Dosha Avastha is considered as a latent phase of the disease, and if the physician understands this concept in a right time, physician can easily treat the disease properly without a failure in treatment approach. This present article is intended to introduce the synonymous word to Leena Dosha as per the new syllabus of Roganidana (framed by NCISM) and to highlight the Ayurvedic aspect of Nityasamshleshita Dosha Avastha in an elaborated form.
An Ayurvedic management on Shushkakshipaka (dry eye syndrome) - A Case Report
Authors: Amol Bansode  , Vijay G. Dhakate
Published: February 2024

Background: Shalakya Tantra is one of the eight branches of Ayurveda, which also includes ophthalmology. Shushkakshipaka (dry eye syndrome) is one of the diseases, involving all parts of eye (Sarvagata Netra Roga) characterized by Gharsha (gritty feeling), Toda (pricking type of pain), Kunita (photophobia), Avila Darshana (blurred vision), Daha (burning sensation) and Raktaraji (congestion in the eye). All these symptoms are like the symptoms of dry eye syndrome. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the effect of Triphala Ghrita Tarpana (therapeutic procedure done on the eye) in the management of Shushkakshipaka. Materials and Methods: A 26yr male patient having symptoms of Shushkakshipaka were selected OPD of Shalakyatantra department, Government Ayurved college, Nagpur. Clinical signs and symptoms were given suitable scores according to their severity, and assessment was based on the relief in these symptoms after the treatment. Patients of dry eye syndrome were allocated for Tarpana Kriyakalp was given for 7 consecutive days in afternoon with follow up after 15 days for 2 months. Results: Marked Relief in symptoms like Gharsha (74%), Avila Darshana (65%), Upadeha (80%), Daha (72%), Kunita (78%), Toda (59%) and Raktaraji (83%) was obtained after Triphala Ghrita Tarpana. Conclusion: Remarkable result observed after Triphala Ghrita Tarpana in the form of improvement in all the chief complaints of Shushkakshipaka and provides long lasting relief to the patient.
Ayurvedic approach in the functional improvement of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - A Case Report
Authors: Anjana Sujith  , Lohith B A  , Muralidhar P. Pujar  , Ashvini Kumar M
Published: February 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an auto immune disease in which organs and cells undergo damage mediated by tissue-binding autoantibodies and immune complex.[1]. 90% of patients are women of child-bearing years are affected with this disease. According to Ayurveda, the signs and symptoms can be included under the purview of Vataraktha. Case summary: A 43-year-old female patient approached with chief complaints of pain over bilateral elbow joints, shoulder joints and low back pain, burning sensation over toes for 8 years associated with febrile attacks, coated tongue, mouth ulcer, dryness of mouth aggravated since 2 months. The Ayurvedic diagnosis was made as Vataraktha on the basis of signs and symptoms. The patient was given Sadyovirechana (Purgation therapy), Basti therapy (enema) along with other external procedures and internal medications. Significant improvement was observed after the treatment in terms of VAS Score and other subjective parameters. This case study shows that Ayurvedic treatment is helpful in the functional improvement of SLE and helps in improving the quality of life.
Ayurvedic management of Prameha - A Single Case Study
Authors: Sreeraj P.  , Veeraj P. Hegde
Published: February 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is one of the global problems of the present day and it is gaining more attention. It is expected to continue as a major health problem and leads to serious complications. India is one of the top 5 countries with the highest prevalence of DM. The IDF Diabetes Atlas (2021) reports that 10.5% of the adult population (20-79 years) has diabetes, with almost half unaware that they are living with the condition. By 2045, IDF projections show that 1 in 8 adults, approximately 783 million, will be living with diabetes, an increase of 46%.[1] The signs and symptoms of diabetes can be correlated to Prameha of Ayurveda. The management of Prameha is mentioned in Ayurveda as preventive and curative aspects. Ayurveda has recommended an appropriate use of Oushadha Yogas along with proper Pathya (wholesome) Ahara, and Viharas. On the same principles a patient was treated at OPD basis, this case report analyses the same. A male patient, aged 45 years, diagnosed case of Prameha 5 years back presented with dryness in the mouth, increased frequency of micturition, Excessive thirst, weakness of the body, and burning sensation at the sole. The treatment planned was use of Shamana Oushadhis along with proper Pathya (wholesome) Ahara, and Vihara for three months. After three months of treatments results were compared. There was a marked reduction in signs and symptoms like burning sensation, numbness, excessive thirst, and increased micturition.
Physiological effect of Bhastrika Pranayama on Cardio-Pulmonary variables among healthy individuals - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Babbychand Bash  , Archana K.  , Anupritha A Shetty  , Joychand Singh  , Geetarani Devi
Published: February 2024

Background And Objectives: Bhastrika Pranayama boosts airflow into the body, which produces heat both physically and subtly, igniting both the body's and mind's internal fires. This fast-breathing Pranayama increases energy, cleanses and regenerates the lungs, tones the diaphragm, heart, and abdominal muscles, improves circulation. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the physiological impact of Bhastrika Pranayama on healthy individuals using cardio-pulmonary variables. Materials and Methods: 110 healthy male and female participants between the ages of 18 and 25 were enrolled, and they were randomly divided into a control group and a Pranayama group. The parameters SpO2, SBP, DBP, HR, RR, and PEFR were noted for pre and post values for both groups were recorded. The parameters were measured using a peak flow metre, cardiac monitor, and pulse oximeter. The Pranayama group received Bhastrika Pranayama for 4 weeks whereas the control group received no intervention. Result: The Pranayama group showed a significant improvement in SpO2 (p≤0.05), RR (p≤0.05) and PEFR (p≤0.05) and a small reduction in SBP, DBP and HR. Whereas, no significant changes were observed in the control group. Discussion: Following 4-week of Bhastrika Pranayama shows improvement in PEFR, RR, and SpO2 while lowers HR, SBP, and DBP somewhat. The benefits of Bhastrika Pranayama in healthy people in terms of fitness-related health conditions, both in the short and long term, may also be revealed by future research.
A comparative study of Apamarga Kshara Lepa and Jaloukavacharana in the management of Dushta Vrana
Authors: Pouse Poulose  , K K Resmi , Manjunatha Bhatt
Published: February 2024

Wound healing is a challenge faced in the medical field since the time of Vedas. Though surgical debridement, chorion graft, etc. which are practiced in modern era gives effectiveness in treating non-healing ulcers, these procedures have certain limitations such as, limited centres and high cost of treatment. The present study is to compare the effect of Apamarga Kshara Lepa and Jaloukavacharana in the management of Dushta Vrana. The main aim of study is intended to evaluate the efficacy in healing the ulcer. The subjects reported at Outpatient department of Shalyatantra were allocated into two groups of 20 subjects each. The Group A patients received Apamarga Kshara Lepa as treatment and the Group B patients received Jalaukavacharana as treatment. The subjects were assessed by analysing their biochemical parameters, subjective and objective parameters. Marked improvements were noted in both groups.
Studi Perencanaan Sistem Jaringan Distribusi Air Bersih Desa Sawoo, Kecamatan Sawoo, Kabupaten Ponorogo
Authors: Lingga Lokananta , Dian Sisinggih  , Andre Primantyo H
Published: February 2024

Desa Sawoo, Kecamatan Sawoo, Kabupaten Ponorogo sering mengalami krisis air terutama pada saat musim kemarau sehingga masyarakat kekurangan pasokan air bersih untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk merencanakanan sistem distribusi air bersih dengan mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan air tanah sebagai sumber alternatif pemasok air menggunakan metode pendugaan geolistrik dan perencanaan sistem distribusi air bersih dengan bantuan software WaterCAD v8i. Hasil pendugaan geolistrik pada tiga titik duga di lokasi studi setelah diolah menggunakan program IPI2WIN dan Progress 3.0 menunjukan terdapat dua lapisan litologi yaitu endapan gampingan dan gampingan yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan nilai resistivitasnya. Potensi debit air tanah ditentukan melalui persamaan Darcy dan dihasilkan potensi debit air tanah total yaitu Q = 5.77 l/dt. Jaringan distribusi air bersih bersumber dari sumur bor dan direncanakan menggunakan pompa submersible, tandon, serta pipa berbahan PVC. Mengacu pada Permen PU No. 18/PRT/M/2007, hasil analisa berdasarkan aspek hidraulik sudah sesuai dengan standar kriteria yang ada dengan nilai kecepatan antara 0,1 – 0,67 m/s, nilai headloss gradient antara 0,037 –6,372 m/km dan nilai tekanan antara 1,26 – 7,97 atm. Rencana Anggaran Biaya (RAB) total yang dibutuhkan untuk pembangunan jaringan distribusi air bersih di Desa Sawoo senilai Rp 3.471.683.842.
Pain and Neurobiology
Authors: Varrassi Giustino Varrassi
Published: February 2024

EditorialPain and NeurobiologyVarrassi Giustino *Paolo Procacci Foundation, 00193 Roma, Italy; E-Mail: giuvarr@gmail.com* Correspondence: Varrassi Giustino; E-Mail: giuvarr@gmail.comSpecial Issue: Pain and NeurobiologyOBM Neurobiology2024, volume 8, issue 1doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401210Received: February 01, 2024Accepted: February 01, 2024Published: February 02, 2024
Effects of Lifestyle Interventions on Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Risk Factors Among Individuals at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Demissie Getu Debalkie , Birungi Josephine , Haregu Tilahun , Thirunavukkarasu Sathish , Oldenburg Brian
Published: February 2024

Background

Individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes are also at an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although there are separate trials examining the effects of lifestyle interventions on absolute CVD risk among people at high risk for type 2 diabetes, a comprehensive evidence synthesis of these trials is lacking.

Objective

We will systematically synthesize the evidence on the effects of lifestyle interventions in reducing absolute CVD risk and CVD risk factors among people at high risk for type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We adhered to the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) statement in reporting the details of this protocol. Randomized controlled trials of diabetes prevention that examined the effects of lifestyle interventions for at least 6 months on absolute CVD risk and CVD risk factors among individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes will be eligible. We will systematically search the MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and Scopus databases and ClinicalTrials.gov using a mix of Medical Subject Headings and text words. Two authors will independently screen the abstract and title of the articles retrieved from the search, followed by full-text reviews using the inclusion and exclusion criteria and data extraction from the eligible studies. Article screening and data extraction will be performed in the Covidence software. The primary outcome will be the changes in absolute 10-year CVD risk, as estimated by risk prediction models. The secondary outcomes are the changes in CVD risk factors, including behavioral, clinical, biochemical, and psychosocial risk factors, and incidence of type 2 diabetes.

Results

An initial database search was conducted in July 2023. After screening 1935 articles identified through the database search, 42 articles were considered eligible for inclusion. It is anticipated that the study findings will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal by the end of 2024.

Conclusions

This study will provide up-to-date, systematically synthesized evidence on the effects of lifestyle interventions on absolute CVD risk and CVD risk factors among individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42023429869; https://tinyurl.com/59ajy7rw

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/53517
Assessing Depression and Anxiety in Elderly Brazilians: Transferability of AI Models Trained on a Non-Verbal Working Memory Task (Preprint)
Authors: Georgescu Alexandra Livia , Cummins Nicholas , Molimpakis Emilia , Giacomazzi Eduardo , Rodrigues Marczyk Joana , Goria Stefano
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Anxiety and depression represent prevalent yet frequently undetected mental health concerns within the elderly population. The challenge of identifying these conditions underscores the necessity for AI-driven, remotely available tools capable of screening and monitoring mental health symptoms. A critical criterion for such tools is their cultural adaptability to ensure effectiveness across diverse populations.

OBJECTIVE

The current study aims to illustrate the preliminary transferability of two established AI models designed for detecting depression and anxiety. The models were initially trained on data from a non-verbal working memory game (1- and 2-back) in the thymia dataset, encompassing over 6,000 participants from the United Kingdom, United States, Mexico, Spain, and Indonesia. We seek to validate the models’ performance by applying it to a new dataset comprising elderly Brazilian adults, thereby exploring its generalisability across different demographics and cultures.

METHODS

The 69 Brazilian participants aged 51-92 years old were recruited with the help of Laços Saúde, a company specialising in nurse-led, holistic home care. They received a link to the thymia dashboard every Monday and Thursday for 6 months. The dashboard had a set of activities assigned to them that would take 10-15 minutes to complete, among which a game with two levels of the n-back tasks. Two Random Forest models trained on data to classify depression and anxiety based on thresholds defined by PHQ-8 ≥ 10 and GAD-7 ≥ 10, respectively, were subsequently tested on the Laços Saúde patient cohort.

RESULTS

The depression classification model exhibited robust performance, achieving an AUC of 0.78, specificity of 0.69, and sensitivity of 0.72. The anxiety classification model showed an initial AUC of 0.63, with a specificity of 0.58 and sensitivity of 0.64. This performance surpasses a benchmark model using only age and gender, which had AUCs of 0.47 for PHQ-8 and 0.53 for GAD-7. Re-computing the AUC scores on a cross-sectional subset of the data (the first n-back game session), we found 0.79 for PHQ-8 and 0.76 for GAD-7.

CONCLUSIONS

This study successfully demonstrates the preliminary transferability of two AI models trained on a non-verbal working memory task, one for depression and the other for anxiety classification, to a novel demographic of elderly Brazilian adults.
Pachydermoperiostosis, complete form : A case report of rare occurrence. (Preprint)
Authors: Bhoite Ketki , Patadia Siddhi Rajesh , Mahajan Sunanda Arun
Published: February 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Pachydermoperiostosis is a rare genetic disorder featuring a triad of pachydermia, periostosis and digital clubbing. It is either caused by the mutations in the HPGD (AR inheritance) or SLCO2A1 gene (AD inheritance), resulting in elevated prostaglandins E2 levels. It can be classified on the basis of presence or absence of underlying cardiac, pulmonary or hepatic disease as primary or secondary. We hereby report a case of primary pachydermoperiostosis, a 31 years old male with the complete triad and associated hypothyroidism.
Hydroponic Trough Systems for Maximising Cucumber Production
Authors: Safvan Muhammed
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Hydroponics is a promising solution to address the increasing demand for food caused by limited arable land and a growing global population. This article focuses on the use of hydroponics in cucumber cultivation, specifically highlighting the adaptability of hydroponic trough system. It explains the design elements of the trough system in detail, including configuration, growing medium, nutrient solution, and support structures. The article emphasises the advantages of hydroponic trough systems in cucumber cultivation, such as precise nutrient dispensation, space efficiency, water conservation, and potential for automation. It discusses strategies for optimal cucumber production within these systems, including temperature control, pollination techniques, pruning, and pH monitoring. The article also addresses the challenges of insect and pest attacks, introducing common pests and presenting integrated pest management strategies for effective control. It explores diseases that can affect cucumber crops in hydroponic systems, such as powdery mildew, downy mildew, Pythium root rot, and Fusarium wilt. It discusses strategies to prevent these diseases, including preventive measures, disease-resistant cucumber varieties, cultural practices, and bio methods. By considering all these aspects, a comprehensive approach to disease management can be established. Overall, adopting hydroponic trough systems in cucumber cultivation offers a sustainable and efficient solution to traditional farming challenges. By incorporating preventive measures, disease-resistant cultivars, and organic remedies, farmers can ensure a thriving cucumber harvest and contribute to a productive and sustainable agricultural future.
Situating Interprofessional Education Curriculum within a Theoretical Framework for Productive Engaged Learning: Integrating Epistemology, Theory, and Competencies
Authors: Azzam Mohammad , Puvirajah Anton
Published: February 2024

Interprofessional education (IPE) has a longstanding presence in the health and social care (HASC) professions, by which its sustainable implementation in HASC professional education has the potential to effectively prepare HASC professional students for interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP). Implementation of IPE has increased over the last two decades with the emergence of a curriculum guided by constructivist epistemology and learning theories that emphasize demonstrating competence in practice. Nonetheless, since IPE first emerged in the early 1960s, most IPE initiatives have been sporadic and lacked guidance through theoretical underpinnings. This conceptual article first discusses why it is important to have theory drive HASC professional education. Next, it explores what is meant by curriculum, followed by a discussion on the importance of curriculum theory to HASC professional education processes. This article then illustrates the learning theories arising from behaviourist and constructivist epistemologies that inform curriculum theory in the HASC professions, with particular emphasis on how constructivist learning theories inform IPE. Lastly, the article proposes a theoretical framework for productive engaged learning through which IPE opportunities may be grounded, leading to student proficiency in interprofessional professional competencies (knowledge, skills, and dispositions), establishment of professional communities of practice, and eventual improvement of patient/client-oriented outcomes.
Combustion completeness and sample location determine wildfire ash leachate chemistry
Authors: Campbell Micheline , Treble Pauline C , McDonough Liza Kathleen , Naeher Sebastian , Baker Andy , Grierson Pauline F , Wong Henri , Andersen Martin S
Published: February 2024

Understanding past fire regimes and how they vary with climate, human
activity, and vegetation patterns is fundamental to the mitigation and
management of changing fire regimes as anthropogenic climate change
progresses. Ash-derived trace elements and pyrogenic biomarkers from
speleothems have recently been shown to record past fire activity in
speleothems from both Australia and North America. This calls for an
empirical study of ash geochemistry to aid the interpretation of
speleothem palaeofire proxy records. Here we present analyses of leached
ashes collected following fires in southwest and southeast Australia. We
include a suite of inorganic elemental data from the water-soluble
fraction of ash, as well as a selection of organic analytes (pyrogenic
lipid biomarkers). We also present elemental data from leachates of
soils collected from sites in southwest Australia. We demonstrate that
the water-soluble fraction of ash differs from the water-soluble
fraction of soils, with trace and minor element concentrations in ash
leachates varying with combustion completeness (burn severity) and
sample location. Changes in some lipid biomarker concentrations
extracted from ashes may reflect burn severity. Our results contribute
to building a process-based understanding of how speleothem geochemistry
may record fire frequency and severity, and suggest that more research
is needed to understand the transport pathways for the inclusion of
pyrogenic biomarkers in speleothems. Our results also demonstrate that
potential contaminant loads from ashes are much higher than from soils,
with implications for the management of karst catchments, which are a
critical water resource.
Time evolution of dehydration-induced stick-slip behaviors of simulated bassanite gouges
Authors: Shiraishi Rei , Kawabata Mikihiro , Muto Jun , Nagahama Hiroyuki , Sasaki Yuto , Iwasaki Masaaki
Published: February 2024

Pore fluid pressure generated by dehydration of hydrous minerals can
trigger deep and intermediate-depth earthquakes. To investigate its
effect on frictional behaviors, we conducted friction experiments on
simulated bassanite gouges and observed the stress drops and recurrence
intervals of stick-slip events decreased over time under 200 MPa and 110
°C. Microstructural observations indicates that gouges deformed under
room temperature shows the development of numerous shear bands including
Riedel shears. On the other hand, a sample deformed under 200 MPa and
110 °C had few Riedel shear planes, indicative of the elevated pore
fluid pressure suppressing the development of shear planes. We derived
time function of dehydration-driven pore fluid pressure evolution using
Avrami kinetics. Because of the mathematical similarity of Avrami
equation and the fractal geometry, our result shows that the
kinetics-driven pore fluid pressure evolution controlled the stick-slip
behaviors of the basanite gouges under dehydration.