bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross‐species models of human melanoma
Authors: van der Weyden Louise , Patton E Elizabeth , Wood Geoffrey A , Foote Alastair K , Brenn Thomas , Arends Mark J , Adams David J
Published: September 2015

Although transformation of melanocytes to melanoma is rare, the rapid growth, systemic spread, as well as the chemoresistance of melanoma present significant challenges for patient care. Here we review animal models of melanoma, including murine, canine, equine, and zebrafish models, and detail the immense contribution these models have made to our knowledge of human melanoma development, and to melanocyte biology. We also highlight the opportunities for cross‐species comparative genomic studies of melanoma to identify the key molecular events that drive this complex disease. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Setting occupational standards for insulin‐treated diabetes at sea, on land and in the air
Authors: Shaw Ken
Published: September 2015

Diabetes, particularly treatment with insulin, has proved a longstanding and frustrating barrier to employment in certain occupations where public safety has been deemed to be potentially at risk. Historically, health and safety issues within the work environment have dictated employment policy, precluding people with diabetes who would otherwise be entirely capable of undertaking required responsible and skilled activities. Such considerations have been especially evident for professional occupations involving both commercial and public transport on land, by sea and in the air. This situation is changing. With the combination of individualised diabetes management and implementation of the Disability Discrimination Act, it is no longer appropriate to apply a ‘blanket ban’ restriction to employment irrespective of circumstances.

The UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA), the Driving and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) and the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) have each accepted the principle that insulin‐treated diabetes should no longer be an absolute contraindication to occupational employment, but to be potentially permissable subject to strict, robust individual assessment. Each transport agency has established regulatory standards and operational protocols appropriate for their respective domains with a prime emphasis on minimising hypoglycaemia risk. Ensuring public safety remains paramount, but, with these protocol surveillance and assessment processes in place, it has proved possible for individuals with insulin‐treated diabetes to achieve fitness certification and gain employment previously excluded to them. Over the last few years, despite having diabetes and being treated with insulin, many merchant seafarers, drivers of heavy goods vehicles and commercial airline pilots have successfully achieved fitness accreditation to work safely and reliably within these special occupational situations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.
Excellent Roff/Ron ratio and short programming time in Cu/Al2O3‐based conductive‐bridging RAM under low‐current (10 μA) operation
Authors: Belmonte Attilio , Fantini Andrea , Redolfi Augusto , Houssa Michel , Jurczak Malgorzata , Goux Ludovic
Published: September 2015

In this work, we prove that, for a current regime of 10 μA and using industry‐relevant programming pulse‐width, Cu/Al2O3‐based conductive‐bridging RAM (CBRAM) cells ensure reliably larger memory window (MW) than state‐of‐the‐art oxygen‐vacancy‐based RRAM (OxRRAM) cells. Due to the intrinsically stochastic nature of the switching mechanism, the Ron and Roff values can be widely distributed, especially in a low‐current regime, drastically reducing the overall memory window. For this reason, in this study we adopt a statistical approach, focusing on the tails of the distributions. Using a program‐verify method we show that the larger median MW in CBRAM allows to program a MW ≥×10 using ×10 shorter programming time with respect to OxRRAM. Moreover, we show that, in order to ensure a MW >×10 after a fixed retention time, the programming time needs to be several decades larger for OxRRAM than for CBRAM.
Development of multilayer corn starch‐based food packaging structures containing β‐carotene by means of the electro‐hydrodynamic processing
Authors: Fabra María José , López‐Rubio Amparo , Sentandreu Enrique , Lagaron Jose María
Published: September 2015

An antioxidant multilayer structure based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPCS) was developed by means of the electrohydrodynamic process of electrospinning. Firstly, the effect of adding electrospun outer layers made of polycaprolactone (PCL) on the microstructure and barrier properties of a thermoplastic corn starch (TPCS) film was evaluated. Secondly, β‐carotene was encapsulated into PCL matrices by means of the electrospinning technique and these hybrid structures were directly electrospun as coating layers onto both sides of a TPCS based film, thus giving rise to an antioxidant multilayer packaging structure. The influence of β‐carotene on the structural, antioxidant, barrier and optical properties of the developed multilayer systems were studied. Barrier properties of the TPCS based films were improved by the addition of the electrospun coatings. However, β‐carotene addition did not improve barrier properties as compared to their counterparts prepared without the active compound, although both permeability values remained up to 75% lower than those obtained for the pure TPCS. On the other hand, the stability of the β‐carotene was studied using colour assays and the antioxidant activity after the film‐forming process. Results showed that the stability of the β‐carotene was greatly affected by the annealing step (used to improve the adhesion between layers) even when it was encapsulated into the electrospun PCL layer.
World‐class expertise: a developmental model
Authors: Kaufman Scott Barry , Duckworth Angela L.
Published: September 2015

The field of psychology has done a remarkable job discovering the ways people differ from one another in their abilities and talents, but has long neglected the diverse ways people can unleash those capacities. There is no plausible mechanism by which our genes directly encode skills like how to dribble a basketball, play the violin, or solve an algebraic equation. We are not born knowing how to write a sonnet or flip an omelet. On the contrary, all human expertise—even at the far‐right tail of the distribution—depends on experience and training. A more accurate understanding of the development of high achievement should inspire people to push beyond their perceived and often self‐imposed limits to reach heights they never would have imagined possible. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1365. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1365

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Motor Skill and Performance
Genetic Counselors’ Perspectives and Practices Regarding Expanded Carrier Screening after Initial Clinical Availability
Authors: Lazarin Gabriel A. , Detweiler Stacey , Nazareth Shivani B. , Ashkinadze Elena
Published: September 2015

Expanded carrier screening (ECS), introduced in 2009, identifies carriers for dozens or hundreds of recessive diseases. At the time of its introduction into clinical use, perspectives of the genetic counseling community regarding ECS were unknown. We conducted a survey in early 2012 of GCs and report the results here. They represent a snapshot of opinions and usage at that time, providing a baseline for comparison as the technology continues to evolve and as usage increases. The survey assessed personal perspectives, opinions on clinical implementation and clinical utilization of ECS. The sample included 337 GCs of varying clinical fields, of whom 150 reported practicing in reproductive settings. Our findings demonstrate that, at the time, GCs indicated general agreement with ECS as a concept – for example, most GCs agreed that carrier screening should address diseases outside of current guidelines and also indicated personal interest in electing ECS. There were also disagreements or concerns expressed regarding appropriate pre‐ and post‐test counseling (e.g., the content and delivery mode of adequate informed consent) and practical implementation (e.g., the amount of time available for follow‐up care). This was the first quantitative study of a large number of GCs and it revealed initial overall support for ECS among the GC profession. The authors plan to re‐administer a similar survey, which may reveal changes in opinions and/or utilization over time. A follow up survey would also allow further exploration of questions uncovered by these data.
A CLOSED-FORM SOLUTION FOR THE HEALTH CAPITAL MODEL
Authors: Strulik Holger
Published: September 2015

This paper provides a closed-form solution for the health capital model of health demand. The results are exploited in order to prove analytically the comparative dynamics of the model. Results are derived for the so-called pure investment model, the pure consumption model and a combination of both types of models. Given the plausible assumptions that (i) health declines with age and that (ii) the health capital stock at death is lower than the health capital stock needed for eternal life, it is shown that the optimal solution implies eternal life.
Collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training improves body composition and increases muscle strength in elderly sarcopenic men: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zdzieblik Denise , Oesser Steffen , Baumstark Manfred W. , Gollhofer Albert , König Daniel
Published: September 2015

Protein supplementation in combination with resistance training may increase muscle mass and muscle strength in elderly subjects. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of post-exercise protein supplementation with collagen peptidesv.placebo on muscle mass and muscle function following resistance training in elderly subjects with sarcopenia. A total of fifty-three male subjects (72·2 (sd4·68) years) with sarcopenia (class I or II) completed this randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. All the participants underwent a 12-week guided resistance training programme (three sessions per week) and were supplemented with either collagen peptides (treatment group (TG)) (15 g/d) or silica as placebo (placebo group (PG)). Fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and bone mass (BM) were measured before and after the intervention using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Isokinetic quadriceps strength (IQS) of the right leg was determined and sensory motor control (SMC) was investigated by a standardised one-leg stabilisation test. Following the training programme, all the subjects showed significantly higher (P<0·01) levels for FFM, BM, IQS and SMC with significantly lower (P<0·01) levels for FM. The effect was significantly more pronounced in subjects receiving collagen peptides: FFM (TG +4·2 (sd2·31) kg/PG +2·9 (sd1·84) kg;P<0·05); IQS (TG +16·5 (sd12·9) Nm/PG +7·3 (sd13·2) Nm;P<0·05); and FM (TG –5·4 (sd3·17) kg/PG –3·5 (sd2·16) kg;P<0·05). Our data demonstrate that compared with placebo, collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training further improved body composition by increasing FFM, muscle strength and the loss in FM.
RECONSTRUCTING THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF DISABILITY IN ANTIQUITY: A CASE STUDY FROM ROMAN EGYPT
Authors: Draycott Jane
Published: September 2015

Over the last thirty years, the development of disability studies as an academic discipline has in turn ensured that interest in disability in historical periods has steadily increased. Initially, scholars presented an overwhelmingly negative view of disability in antiquity, proceeding under the assumption that babies born displaying visible signs of deformity or disability were subjected either to infanticide or exposure, and that individuals who were subsequently identified as suffering from a deformity or disability, or developed either one later in life, were ostracized and unable to make any meaningful contribution to society. It is only over the last decade that this reductive approach has been gradually discredited, and the understanding of disability in antiquity has become increasingly nuanced. To date, one monograph has been published on deformity and disability in the Graeco-Roman world, one monograph on disability in the Greek world and one on disability in the Roman world, and one edited volume on disability in antiquity and another on disability in the Roman world. These have been complemented by investigations into disability in Judaism, Christianity and the Bible.
Interaction between plant density and nitrogen management strategy in improving maize grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency on the North China Plain
Authors: YAN P. , ZHANG Q. , SHUAI X. F. , PAN J. X. , ZHANG W. J. , SHI J. F. , WANG M. , CHEN X. P. , CUI Z. L.
Published: September 2015

Understanding the physiological mechanisms of biomass accumulation and partitioning in the grain, and the nitrogen (N) uptake associated with different plant densities and N management strategies, is essential for achieving both high yield and N use efficiency (NUE) in maize plants. A field experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014, using five rates of N application and three plant densities (6·0, 7·5 and 9·0 plants/m2) in Quzhou County on the North China Plain (NCP). The objective was to evaluate whether higher plant density can produce more biomass allocated to the grain to achieve higher grain yield and to determine the optimal N management strategies for different plant densities. The highest grain yield and NUE were achieved in the 7·5 plants/m2 treatment; both the sub-optimal (6·0 plants/m2) and supra-optimal (9·0 plants/m2) plant densities resulted in diminished yield and NUE. Compared to 6·0 plants/m2, the 7·5 plants/m2 treatment displayed higher biomass accumulation during the grain-filling period and also exhibited more biomass allocated to kernels with similar total biomass accumulation compared with the 9·0 plants/m2 treatment, which contributed to its higher grain yield. The N uptake in the 7·5 plants/m2 treatment was similar to that in the 9·0 plants/m2 treatment up to pre-silking. However, the post-silking N uptake of the 7·5 plants/m2 treatment was 66·4 kg/ha, which was 29·1% higher than that of the 9·0 plants/m2 treatment. Furthermore, the highest maize grain yield was achieved in the 0·7 × optimal N rate (ONR × 0·7), ONR and ONR × 1·3 treatments for 6·0, 7·5 and 9·0 plants/m2, respectively, which suggests that different N management strategies are needed for different plant densities. In conclusion, selecting a planting density of 7·5 plants/m2 with an in-season root zone N management is a potentially effective strategy for achieving high grain yield and high NUE for maize production on the NCP.
Is liberal bias universal? An international perspective on social psychologists
Authors: Bilewicz Michal , Cichocka Aleksandra , Górska Paulina , Szabó Zsolt Péter
Published: September 2015

Based on our comparison of political orientation and research interests of social psychologists in capitalist Western countries versus post-Communist Eastern European countries, we suggest that Duarte and colleagues' claim of liberal bias in the field seems American-centric. We propose an alternative account of political biases which focuses on the academic tendency to explain attitudes of lower status groups.
Is pre-discharge echocardiography indicated for asymptomatic neonates with a heart murmur? A retrospective analysis
Authors: Al-Ammouri Iyad , Ayoub Fares , Dababneh Rima
Published: September 2015

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a murmur detected on routine pre-discharge examination of asymptomatic newborn children in the first 48 hours of life warrants further investigation with echocardiography.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of all echocardiography studies of neonates born at Jordan University Hospital between August, 2007 and June, 2014. Findings on physical examination as well as the indication of the echocardiographic studies were reviewed. We included asymptomatic neonates for whom echocardiographic studies were carried out due to the sole indication of a heart murmur on routine pre-discharge neonatal physical examination.

Results

Of 309 asymptomatic newborns with murmurs on pre-discharge examination, echocardiography revealed 68 (22%) cases of CHD, with 18 (6%) designated as significant heart disease with anticipated intervention during infancy or childhood. The most common abnormality was ventricular septal defect occurring in 36 cases. Critical heart diseases detected included hypoplastic left heart syndrome in two and aortic valve stenosis in four newborns.

Conclusions

Although most asymptomatic neonates with heart murmurs have normal hearts, a small percentage may have significant heart disease. The decision to refer an asymptomatic newborn with a murmur for echocardiography before discharge from the hospital remains controversial and must be supported by other evidence such as murmur characteristics and local trends in parental compliance with follow-up well-baby visits.
Lu Receives the 2015 James R. Holton Junior Scientist Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: September 2015

Chunsong Lu will receive the 2015 James R. Holton Junior Scientist Award at the 2015 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, to be held 14–18 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes "outstanding research contributions by a junior atmospheric scientist within three years of his or her Ph.D."
Magnetic crystals and helical liquids in alkaline-earth fermionic gases
Authors: Barbarino Simone , Taddia Luca , Rossini Davide , Mazza Leonardo , Fazio Rosario
Published: September 2015

The joint action of a magnetic field and of interactions is crucial for the appearance of exotic quantum phenomena, such as the quantum Hall effect. Owing to their rich nuclear structure, equivalent to an additional synthetic dimension, one-dimensional alkaline-earth(-like) fermionic gases with synthetic gauge potential and atomic contact repulsion may display similar related properties. Here we show the existence and the features of a hierarchy of fractional insulating and conducting states by means of analytical and numerical methods. We demonstrate that the gapped states are characterized by density and magnetic order emerging solely for gases with effective nuclear spin "Equation missing" larger than 1/2, whereas the gapless phases can support helical modes. We finally argue that these states are related to an unconventional fractional quantum Hall effect in the thin-torus limit and that their properties can be studied in state-of-the-art laboratories.
Identification of a plastidial phenylalanine exporter that influences flux distribution through the phenylalanine biosynthetic network
Authors: Widhalm Joshua R. , Gutensohn Michael , Yoo Heejin , Adebesin Funmilayo , Qian Yichun , Guo Longyun , Jaini Rohit , Lynch Joseph H. , McCoy Rachel M. , Shreve Jacob T. , Thimmapuram Jyothi , Rhodes David , Morgan John A. , Dudareva Natalia
Published: September 2015

In addition to proteins, L-phenylalanine is a versatile precursor for thousands of plant metabolites. Production of phenylalanine-derived compounds is a complex multi-compartmental process using phenylalanine synthesized predominantly in plastids as precursor. The transporter(s) exporting phenylalanine from plastids, however, remains unknown. Here, a gene encoding a Petunia hybrida plastidial cationic amino-acid transporter (PhpCAT) functioning in plastidial phenylalanine export is identified based on homology to an Escherichia coli phenylalanine transporter and co-expression with phenylalanine metabolic genes. Radiolabel transport assays show that PhpCAT exports all three aromatic amino acids. PhpCAT downregulation and overexpression result in decreased and increased levels, respectively, of phenylalanine-derived volatiles, as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine and their biosynthetic intermediates. Metabolic flux analysis reveals that flux through the plastidial phenylalanine biosynthetic pathway is reduced in PhpCAT RNAi lines, suggesting that the rate of phenylalanine export from plastids contributes to regulating flux through the aromatic amino-acid network.
Outbred genome sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in butterflies
Authors: Li Xueyan , Fan Dingding , Zhang Wei , Liu Guichun , Zhang Lu , Zhao Li , Fang Xiaodong , Chen Lei , Dong Yang , Chen Yuan , Ding Yun , Zhao Ruoping , Feng Mingji , Zhu Yabing , Feng Yue , Jiang Xuanting , Zhu Deying , Xiang Hui , Feng Xikan , Li Shuaicheng , Wang Jun , Zhang Guojie , Kronforst Marcus R. , Wang Wen
Published: September 2015

Butterflies are exceptionally diverse but their potential as an experimental system has been limited by the difficulty of deciphering heterozygous genomes and a lack of genetic manipulation technology. Here we use a hybrid assembly approach to construct high-quality reference genomes for Papilio xuthus (contig and scaffold N50: 492 kb, 3.4 Mb) and Papilio machaon (contig and scaffold N50: 81 kb, 1.15 Mb), highly heterozygous species that differ in host plant affiliations, and adult and larval colour patterns. Integrating comparative genomics and analyses of gene expression yields multiple insights into butterfly evolution, including potential roles of specific genes in recent diversification. To functionally test gene function, we develop an efficient (up to 92.5%) CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing method that yields obvious phenotypes with three genes, Abdominal-B, ebony and frizzled. Our results provide valuable genomic and technological resources for butterflies and unlock their potential as a genetic model system.
Increased COUP-TFII expression in adult hearts induces mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in heart failure
Authors: Wu San-Pin , Kao Chung-Yang , Wang Leiming , Creighton Chad J. , Yang Jin , Donti Taraka R. , Harmancey Romain , Vasquez Hernan G. , Graham Brett H. , Bellen Hugo J. , Taegtmeyer Heinrich , Chang Ching-Pin , Tsai Ming-Jer , Tsai Sophia Y.
Published: September 2015

Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic remodelling are pivotal in the development of cardiomyopathy. Here, we show that myocardial COUP-TFII overexpression causes heart failure in mice, suggesting a causal effect of elevated COUP-TFII levels on development of dilated cardiomyopathy. COUP-TFII represses genes critical for mitochondrial electron transport chain enzyme activity, oxidative stress detoxification and mitochondrial dynamics, resulting in increased levels of reactive oxygen species and lower rates of oxygen consumption in mitochondria. COUP-TFII also suppresses the metabolic regulator PGC-1 network and decreases the expression of key glucose and lipid utilization genes, leading to a reduction in both glucose and oleate oxidation in the hearts. These data suggest that COUP-TFII affects mitochondrial function, impairs metabolic remodelling and has a key role in dilated cardiomyopathy. Last, COUP-TFII haploinsufficiency attenuates the progression of cardiac dilation and improves survival in a calcineurin transgenic mouse model, indicating that COUP-TFII may serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Disparate ultrafast dynamics of itinerant and localized magnetic moments in gadolinium metal
Authors: Frietsch B. , Bowlan J. , Carley R. , Teichmann M. , Wienholdt S. , Hinzke D. , Nowak U. , Carva K. , Oppeneer P. M. , Weinelt M.
Published: September 2015

The Heisenberg–Dirac intra-atomic exchange coupling is responsible for the formation of the atomic spin moment and thus the strongest interaction in magnetism. Therefore, it is generally assumed that intra-atomic exchange leads to a quasi-instantaneous aligning process in the magnetic moment dynamics of spins in separate, on-site atomic orbitals. Following ultrashort optical excitation of gadolinium metal, we concurrently record in photoemission the 4f magnetic linear dichroism and 5d exchange splitting. Their dynamics differ by one order of magnitude, with decay constants of 14 versus 0.8 ps, respectively. Spin dynamics simulations based on an orbital-resolved Heisenberg Hamiltonian combined with first-principles calculations explain the particular dynamics of 5d and 4f spin moments well, and corroborate that the 5d exchange splitting traces closely the 5d spin-moment dynamics. Thus gadolinium shows disparate dynamics of the localized 4f and the itinerant 5d spin moments, demonstrating a breakdown of their intra-atomic exchange alignment on a picosecond timescale.
Suppressing Nitrite-oxidizing Bacteria Growth to Achieve Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater via Anammox Using Intermittent Aeration with Low Dissolved Oxygen
Authors: Ma Bin , Bao Peng , Wei Yan , Zhu Guibing , Yuan Zhiguo , Peng Yongzhen
Published: September 2015

Achieving nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater using anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has the potential to make wastewater treatment energy-neutral or even energy-positive. The challenge is to suppress the growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). This study presents a promising method based on intermittent aeration with low dissolved oxygen to limit NOB growth, thereby providing an advantage to anammox bacteria to form a partnership with the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The results showed that NOB was successfully suppressed using that method, with the relative abundance of NOB maintained between 2.0–2.6%, based on Fluorescent in-situ Hybridization. Nitrogen could be effectively removed from domestic wastewater with anammox at a temperature above 20 °C, with an effluent total nitrogen (TN) concentration of 6.6 ± 2.7 mg/L, while the influent TN and soluble chemical oxygen demand were 62.6 ± 3.1 mg/L and 88.0 ± 8.1 mg/L, respectively.
Contribution and distribution of inorganic ions and organic compounds to the osmotic adjustment in Halostachys caspica response to salt stress
Authors: Zeng Youling , Li Ling , Yang Ruirui , Yi Xiaoya , Zhang Baohong
Published: September 2015

The mechanism by which plants cope with salt stress remains poorly understood. The goal of this study is to systematically investigate the contribution and distribution of inorganic ions and organic compounds to the osmotic adjustment (OA) in the halophyte species Halostachys caspica. The results indicate that 100–200 mM NaCl is optimal for plant growth; the water content and degree of succulence of the assimilating branches are higher in this treatment range than that in other treatments; parenchyma cells are more numerous with 100 mM NaCl treatment than they are in control. Inorganic ions (mainly Na+ and Cl-) may play a more important role than organic compounds in NaCl-induced OA and are the primary contributors in OA in H. caspica. The inorganic ions and organic solutes display a tissue-dependent distribution. Na+ and Cl− are accumulated in the reproductive organs and within assimilating branches, which may represent a mechanism for protecting plant growth by way of salt ion dilution and organ abscission. Additionally, OA via increased accumulation of organic substances also protected plant growth and development. This finding provides additional evidence for plant tolerance to salinity stress which can be used for breeding new cultivars for stress tolerance.
Conversations between self and self as Sigmund Freud—A virtual body ownership paradigm for self counselling
Authors: Osimo Sofia Adelaide , Pizarro Rodrigo , Spanlang Bernhard , Slater Mel
Published: September 2015

When people see a life-sized virtual body (VB) from first person perspective in virtual reality they are likely to have the perceptual illusion that it is their body. Additionally such virtual embodiment can lead to changes in perception, implicit attitudes and behaviour based on attributes of the VB. To date the changes that have been studied are as a result of being embodied in a body representative of particular social groups (e.g., children and other race). In our experiment participants alternately switched between a VB closely resembling themselves where they described a personal problem and a VB representing Dr Sigmund Freud, from which they offered themselves counselling. Here we show that when the counsellor resembles Freud participants improve their mood, compared to the counsellor being a self-representation. The improvement was greater when the Freud VB moved synchronously with the participant, compared to asynchronously. Synchronous VB movement was associated with a much stronger illusion of ownership over the Freud body. This suggests that this form of embodied perspective taking can lead to sufficient detachment from habitual ways of thinking about personal problems, so as to improve the outcome and demonstrates the power of virtual body ownership to effect cognitive changes.
The severity of initial acute kidney injury at admission of geriatric patients significantly correlates with subsequent in-hospital complications
Authors: Chao Chia-Ter , Tsai Hung-Bin , Wu Chia-Yi , Lin Yu-Feng , Hsu Nin-Chieh , Chen Jin-Shing , Hung Kuan-Yu
Published: September 2015

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher hospital mortality. However, the relationship between geriatric AKI and in-hospital complications is unclear. We prospectively enrolled elderly patients (≥65 years) from general medical wards of National Taiwan University Hospital, part of whom presented AKI at admission. We recorded subsequent in-hospital complications, including catastrophic events, incident gastrointestinal bleeding, hospital-associated infections and new-onset electrolyte imbalances. Regression analyses were utilized to assess the associations between in-hospital complications and the initial AKI severity. A total of 163 elderly were recruited, with 39% presenting AKI (stage 1: 52%, stage 2: 23%, stage 3: 25%). The incidence of any in-hospital complication was significantly higher in the AKI group than in the non-AKI group (91% vs. 68%, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analyses indicated that elderly patients presenting with AKI had significantly higher risk of developing any complication (Odds ratio [OR] = 3.51, p = 0.01) and new-onset electrolyte imbalance (OR = 7.1, p < 0.01) and a trend toward more hospital-associated infections (OR = 1.99, p = 0.08). The risk of developing complications increased with higher AKI stage. In summary, our results indicate that initial AKI at admission in geriatric patients significantly increased the risk of in-hospital complications.
3D TiO2@Ni(OH)2 Core-shell Arrays with Tunable Nanostructure for Hybrid Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Ke Qingqing , Zheng Minrui , Liu Huajun , Guan Cao , Mao Lu , Wang John
Published: September 2015

Three dimensional hierarchical nanostructures have attracted great attention for electrochemical energy storage applications. In this work, self-supported TiO2@Ni(OH)2 core-shell nanowire arrays are prepared on carbon fiber paper via the combination of hydrothermal synthesis and chemical bath deposition. In this core-shell hybrid, the morphology and wall size of the interconnected nanoflake shell of Ni(OH)2 can be tuned through adjusting the concentration of ammonia solution. Heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent oriented crystal growth are identified to be the synthesis mechanism affecting the nanostructure of the shell material, which consequently determines the electrochemical performance in both energy storage and charge transfer. Superior capabilities of 264 mAhg−1 at 1 A g−1 and 178 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 are achieved with the core-shell hybrids of the optimized structure. The asymmetric supercapacitor prototype, comprising of TiO2@Ni(OH)2 as the anode and mesoporous carbons (MCs) as the cathode, is shown to exhibit superior electrochemical performance with high energy and power densities. The present work provides a clear illustration of the structure-property relationship in nanocrystal synthesis and offers a potential strategy to enhance the battery type Ni(OH)2 electrode in a hybrid supercapacitor device.
Systematic stereoscopic analyses for cloacal development: The origin of anorectal malformations
Authors: Matsumaru Daisuke , Murashima Aki , Fukushima Junichi , Senda Syuhei , Matsushita Shoko , Nakagata Naomi , Miyajima Masayasu , Yamada Gen
Published: September 2015

The division of the embryonic cloaca is the most essential event for the formation of digestive and urinary tracts. The defective development of the cloaca results in anorectal malformations (ARMs; 2–5 per 10,000 live births). However, the developmental and pathogenic mechanisms of ARMs are unclear. In the current study, we visualized the epithelia in the developing cloaca and nephric ducts (NDs). Systemic stereoscopic analyses revealed that the ND-cloaca connection sites shifted from the lateral-middle to dorsal-anterior part of the cloaca during cloacal division from E10.5 to E11.5 in mouse embryos. Genetic cell labeling analyses revealed that the cells in the ventral cloacal epithelium in the early stages rarely contributed to the dorsal part. Moreover, we revealed the possible morphogenetic movement of endodermal cells within the anterior part of the urogenital sinus and hindgut. These results provide the basis for understanding both cloacal development and the ARM pathogenesis.
The Double Jones Birefringence in Magneto-electric Medium
Authors: Mahmood Waqas , Zhao Qing
Published: September 2015

In this paper, the Maxwell’s equations for a tensorial magneto-electric (ME) medium are solved, which is an extension to the work on the uniaxial anisotropic nonmagnetic medium. The coefficients of the dielectric permittivity, magnetic permeability and of the magneto-electric effect are considered as tensors. The polarization is shown lying in the plane of two perpendicular independent vectors and the relationship for the transverse polarization is given. The propagation of an electromagnetic wave through a ME medium gives rise to double Jones birefringence. Besides, the condition for an independent phenomenon of D’yakonov surface wave in a magneto-isotropic but with magneto-electric medium is given, which is measurable experimentally when the incident angle is "Equation missing". Lastly, it is shown that the parameter for the magneto-electric effect plays a role in the damping of the wave.
Structural Evolution of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) in Anoxic Co2+ Solution: Interactional Performance and Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yalei , Chen Wen , Dai Chaomeng , Zhou Chuanlong , Zhou Xuefei
Published: September 2015

The structures of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles evolving during reactions and the reactions are influenced by the evolved structures. To understand the removal process in detail, it is important to investigate the relationships between the reactions and structural evolution. Using high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), typical evolved structures (sheet coprecipitation and cavity corrosion) of nZVI in anoxic Co2+ solutions were revealed. The system pH (pH measured in mixture), which controls the stability of coprecipitation and the nZVI corrosion rate, were found to be the determining factors of structural evolutions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that the formation and dissolution of sheet structure impacts on the ratio of Fe(0) on the nZVI surface and the surface Co2+ reduction. The cavity structure provides the possibility of Co migration from the surface to the bulk of nZVI, leading to continuous removal. Subacidity conditions could accelerate the evolution and improve the removal; the results of structurally controlled reactions further indicated that the removal was suspended by the sheet structure and enhanced by cavity structure. The results and discussion in this paper revealed the “structural influence” crucial for the full and dynamical understanding of nZVI reactions.
Large-scale phylogenetic analyses reveal multiple gains of actinorhizal nitrogen-fixing symbioses in angiosperms associated with climate change
Authors: Li Hong-Lei , Wang Wei , Mortimer Peter E. , Li Rui-Qi , Li De-Zhu , Hyde Kevin D. , Xu Jian-Chu , Soltis Douglas E. , Chen Zhi-Duan
Published: September 2015

Nitrogen is fundamental to all life forms and is also one of the most limiting of nutrients for plant growth. Several clades of angiosperms have developed symbiotic relationships with actinorhizal bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen and increase access to this nutrient. However, the evolutionary patterns of actinorhizal nitrogen-fixing symbioses remain unclear to date. Furthermore the underlying environmental pressures that led to the gain of symbiotic actinorhizal nitrogen fixation have never been investigated. Here, we present the most comprehensive genus-level phylogenetic analysis of the nitrogen-fixing angiosperms based on three plastid loci. We found that actinorhizal nitrogen-fixing species are distributed in nine distinct lineages. By dating the branching events, we determined that seven actinorhizal nitrogen-fixing lineages originated during the Late Cretaceous and two more emerged during the Eocene. We put forward a hypothesis that multiple gains of actinorhizal nitrogen-fixing symbioses in angiosperms may have been associated with increased global temperatures and high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide during these two time periods, as well as the availability of open habitats with high light conditions. Our nearly complete genus-level time-tree for the nitrogen-fixing clade is a significant advance in understanding the evolutionary and ecological background of this important symbiosis between plants and bacteria.
A hydrogel based nanosensor with an unprecedented broad sensitivity range for pH measurements in cellular compartments
Authors: Zhang M. , Søndergaard R. V. , Kumar E. K. P. , Henriksen J. R. , Cui D. , Hammershøj P. , Clausen M. H. , Andresen T. L.
Published: September 2015

This quadruple-labelled nanosensor has a broad sensitivity range from pH 1.4 to 7.0. It covers the full physiologically relevant range where especially the low pH range of some specialized cells can now be monitored.
Tubes or sheets: divergent aggregation pathways of an amphiphilic 2,7-substituted pyrene trimer
Authors: Vybornyi Mykhailo , Bur-Cecilio Hechevarria Yamileidi , Glauser Marlene , Rudnev Alexander V. , Häner Robert
Published: September 2015

The self-assembly of an amphiphilic 2,7-linked pyrene trimer in an aqueous environment into two morphologically related forms is described.
MicroRNA detection based on analyte triggered nanoparticle localization on a tetrahedral DNA modified electrode followed by hybridization chain reaction dual amplification
Authors: Miao Peng , Tang Yuguo , Yin Jian
Published: September 2015

A highly sensitive method to identify cellular microRNA was developed by coupling analyte triggered nanoparticle localization and hybridization chain reaction dual amplification.
Visible-light, photoredox catalyzed, oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids using a metal–organic framework containing tetrakis(carboxyphenyl)porphyrin groups
Authors: Toyao Takashi , Ueno Nana , Miyahara Kenta , Matsui Yasunori , Kim Tae-Ho , Horiuchi Yu , Ikeda Hiroshi , Matsuoka Masaya
Published: September 2015

A Zr-based metal–organic framework with tetrakis(carboxyphenyl)porphyrin groups catalyzes oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids as a photoredox catalyst.
The emergence of copper(i)-based dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Housecroft Catherine E. , Constable Edwin C.
Published: September 2015

The development of bis(diimine)copper(i) complexes as dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells is described. We assess the progress made in terms of light-harvesting and overall photoconversion efficiencies, and highlight areas that remain ripe for development and improvement, and the advantages of copper dyes over conventional ruthenium dyes.
Sensitivity of CO oxidation toward metal oxidation state in ceria-supported catalysts: an operando DRIFTS-MS study
Authors: Kaftan Andre , Kollhoff Fabian , Nguyen Thanh-Son , Piccolo Laurent , Laurin Mathias , Libuda Jörg
Published: September 2015

CeO2 and Rh/CeO2 show CO to CO2 conversion according to the input gas mixture, independent of the state of the catalyst powder. Pt/CeO2 demonstrates additional dependence on the initial state of the catalyst (oxygen coverage/oxidation state).
Effects of La-doping on charge separation behavior of ZnO:GaN for its enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhou Yansong , Chen Gang , Yu Yaoguang , Zhao Lichen , Yu Qilin , He Qiang
Published: September 2015

In this work, lanthanum (La) has been proven as an effective space charge layer modifier to promote efficient photogenerated charge carrier separation for ZnO:GaN solid solution photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic water-splitting performance.
Shaping up operando spectroscopy: Raman characterization of a working honeycomb monolith
Authors: Rasmussen S. B. , López-Medina R. , Portela R. , Mikolajska E. , Daturi M. , Ávila P. , Bañares M. A.
Published: September 2015

Anoperandoreactor cell for honeycombs to study the effect of conformation on structure–activity relationships by surface Raman spectroscopy and gas-phase analysis.
A novel carbazole-based gold(i) complex with interesting solid-state, multistimuli-responsive characteristics
Authors: Chen Zhao , Liang Jinhua , Nie Yuting , Xu Xuqingfeng , Yu Guang-Ao , Yin Jun , Liu Sheng Hua
Published: September 2015

A novel carbazole-based gold(ι) complex is reported. The luminogen exhibits significative solid-state reversible mechanochromism, dual-responsive thermochromism and sensitive thin-film vapochromism properties.
Structural study by solid-state71Ga NMR of thin film transistor precursors
Authors: Hammann Blake A. , Ma Zayd L. , Wentz Katherine M. , Kamunde-Devonish Maisha K. , Johnson Darren W. , Hayes Sophia E.
Published: September 2015

71Ga NMR yields lineshapes that reflect the different coordination environments in tridecameric “Ga13−xInx” hydroxo-aquoclusters, [Ga13−xInx(μ3-OH)6(μ2-OH)18(H2O)24]. Indium substitution is found only in the peripheral “outer” metal sites (shown in green).
Interplay between polymer chain conformation and nanoparticle assembly in model industrial silica/rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Bouty Adrien , Petitjean Laurent , Chatard Julien , Matmour Rachid , Degrandcourt Christophe , Schweins Ralf , Meneau Florian , Kwasńiewski Paweł , Boué François , Couty Marc , Jestin Jacques
Published: September 2015

The question of the influence of nanoparticles (NPs) on chain dimensions in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) has been treated mainly through the fundamental way using theoretical or simulation tools and experiments on well-defined model PNCs. Here we present the first experimental study on the influence of NPs on the polymer chain conformation for PNCs designed to be as close as possible to industrial systems employed in the tire industry. PNCs are silica nanoparticles dispersed in a styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR) matrix whose NP dispersion can be managed by NP loading with interfacial coatings or coupling additives usually employed in the manufacturing mixing process. We associated specific chain (d) labeling, and the so-called zero average contrast (ZAC) method, with SANS, in situ SANS and SAXS/TEM experiments to extract the polymer chain scattering signal at rest for non-cross linked and under stretching for cross-linked PNCs. NP loading, individual clusters or connected networks, as well as the influence of the type, the quantity of interfacial agent and the influence of the elongation rate have been evaluated on the chain conformation and on its related deformation. We clearly distinguish the situations where the silica is perfectly matched from those with unperfected matching by direct comparison of SANS and SAXS structure factors. Whatever the silica matching situation, the additive type and quantity and the filler content, there is no significant change in the polymer dimension for NP loading up to 15% v/v within a range of 5%. One can see an extra scattering contribution at low Q, as often encountered, enhanced for non-perfect silica matching but also visible for perfect filler matching. This contribution can be qualitatively attributed to specific h or d chain adsorption on the NP surface inside the NP cluster that modifies the average scattering neutron contrast of the silica cluster. Under elongation, NPs act as additional cross-linking junctions preventing chain relaxation and giving a deformation of the chain with the NP closer to a theoretical phantom network prediction than a pure matrix.
From sugars to biodiesel using microalgae and yeast
Authors: Gomez Jose A. , Höffner Kai , Barton Paul I.
Published: September 2015

An efficient method of transforming sugars into lipids is presented based on the mathematical model of an algal/yeast raceway pond.
Assessment of the natural variability of B, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sr, Tl and Zn concentrations and isotopic compositions in leaves, needles and mushrooms using single sample digestion and two-column matrix separation
Authors: Rodushkin Ilia , Pallavicini Nicola , Engström Emma , Sörlin Dieke , Öhlander Björn , Ingri Johan , Baxter Douglas C.
Published: September 2015

Over 240 samples are analyzed for concentration and isotopic composition of eight elements.
Microfluidic device for DNA amplification of single cancer cells isolated from whole blood by self-seeding microwells
Authors: Yang Yoonsun , Rho Hoon Suk , Stevens Michiel , Tibbe Arjan G. J. , Gardeniers Han , Terstappen Leon W. M. M.
Published: September 2015

We developed a microfluidic device in which single cancer cells can be placed, lysed and their DNA amplified for further interrogation.
Practical isolation of polygodial from Tasmannia lanceolata: a viable scaffold for synthesis
Authors: Just Jeremy , Jordan Timothy B. , Paull Brett , Bissember Alex C. , Smith Jason A.
Published: September 2015

Polygodial, was efficiently extracted and isolated in gram-scale quantities (3.3% w/w) from Tasmannia lanceolata (Tasmanian native pepper) using a pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE) technique that utilises an unmodified household espresso machine.
The energetic viability of an unexpected skeletal rearrangement in cyclooctatin biosynthesis
Authors: Hong Young J. , Tantillo Dean J.
Published: September 2015

Results of density functional theory calculations on possible mechanisms for formation of the diterpenoid cyclooctatin are described.
Simultaneous determination of vasicine and its major metabolites in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to in vivo pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Liu Wei , He Dandan , Zhu Yudan , Cheng Xuemei , Xu Hao , Wang Yongli , Li Shuping , Jiang Bo , Wang Zhengtao , Wang Changhong
Published: September 2015

An UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously determinate vasicine and its main metabolites and applied to the pharmacokinetic study. In addition, the anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity of component in plasma was evaluatedin vitro.
ROS generation by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) induced by visible light showing antibacterial activity: comparison with graphene oxide (GO)
Authors: Dutta Taposhree , Sarkar Rudra , Pakhira Bholanath , Ghosh Subrata , Sarkar Ripon , Barui Ananya , Sarkar Sabyasachi
Published: September 2015

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible light in airviaa singlet oxygen–superoxide anion radical pathway that readily killsEnterobactersp.
Self-assembled Ni/NiO/RGO heterostructures for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhu Yachao , Chu Wei , Wang Ning , Lin Tao , Yang Wen , Wen Jie , Zhao X. S.
Published: September 2015

A hierarchically nanoscale Ni/NiO/RGO hybrid has been derived by a facile, green and self-assembled sol–gel way combined with thermal treatment in N2, giving a high performance super-capacitor with ultrahigh and stable specific capacitance.
Li3V2(PO4)3 particles embedded in porous N-doped carbon as high-rate and long-life cathode material for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Feifan , Zou Xiaoxin , Wang Kai-Xue , Liu Yipu , Zhang Feng , Wu Yuanyuan , Li Guo-Dong
Published: September 2015

The porous N-doped carbon stabilized Li3V2(PO4)3 particles are obtained by using a modified sol–gel method, and the composite exhibits a high discharge capacity of 114.7 mA h g−1 at 1 C in the voltage range of 3–4.3 V after 600 cycles.