bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of Technological Damage of Building Constructions by Regulation of Deformations
Authors: Korobko Oksana , Vyrovoy Valeriy M. , Zakorchemny Yuryi , Kushnir Oleksiy
Published: August 2019

Deformations are actively involved in the structural organization of a construction at different levels of heterogeneities. Regulation of the development of deformation allows initiating structures with a given set of initial cracks and inner surfaces of partition. Integral damage of material determines the level of mechanical and deformative properties of products. It is possible to create certain conditions for manifestation of deformations by changing geometric parameters of the characteristic subsystem of the structural levels of a construction-system.
The Dynamic Problem of Torsion by a Rigid Shaft of a Nonhomogeneous Half-Space
Authors: Denysenko Viktoriia , Kovalova Iryna , Lazarieva Dina
Published: August 2019

An axisymmetric contact problem concerning the torsion of a circular shaft of an orthotropic-nonhomogeneous half-space is considered. By means of the technique of integral transformations of Laplace and Hankel, with the subsequent application of the orthogonal polynomial method, an approximate solution in the transformant space is constructed. Also was performed reverse transformation. Calculated formulas for the angle of rotation of the shaft and the tangential stress acting on the contact area are obtained. Numerical calculations for certain types of heterogeneity have been performed. Comparison of the obtained results with the previously known results is made.
Features of Impact of Ellipsoid Solid Bodies with Moving Surfaces
Authors: Kondrashchenko Valery Ivanovich , Titov Sergey Petrovich , Kovrevsky Artur Petrovich , Adilkhodjaev Anvar Ishanovich
Published: August 2019

The article presents the results of research in the field of impact of solid bodies withmoving surfaces. Equations are obtained that allow us to determine the kinematic characteristics ofmotion of solid bodies (post-impact angular and linear speeds of the center of mass, impact impulseapplied to a solid body) in the form of a circle and an ellipse after their impact with a moving surfacefor two modes of impact — with and without slippage. The obtained equations for determining thelimiting value of friction coefficient make it possible to establish the mode of impact of solid bodieswith moving surfaces — with and without slippage. The graphical dependences of the post-impactkinematic characteristics of a solid body on the angle of incidence during impact of an elliptical solidbody with moving surfaces are presented.
The Influence of the Deformation Nonlinearity on Stress Concentration in Cylindrical Shells with Holes under Torsion
Authors: Kolodiazhnyi А. , Mednikova Margarita
Published: August 2019

Circular cylindrical shells, application of which is widely widespread in a space-rocket technique and aircraft building, often have cutouts on the surface on structural and technological terms. The feature of the stress-strain state, when a circular hole is introduced into the shell, is the appearance of stress concentration zones, in which stress can be increased in many times. The linear static analysis often used for determination of maximal stresses in such elements of constructions does not reflect character of stresses change with increasing of the external loading. The results of Finite-Elements nonlinear static analysis of the stresses concentration caused by the hole presence depending on the size of torsion moment increasing from zero to the maximal values are presented in this article. The parametric analysis for the wide range of shells lengths and hole radii is carried out, at which different combinations the dependences of stresses concentration factor (SCF) on the value of torsion moment on all range of loading are defined. It is shown that the stresses fields, unlike the linear model of deformation, transform in the loading process. SCF obtained by taking into account the geometrical nonlinearity of deformation depends not only on the geometrical parameters of the considered sample, but also on the level of loading. There are two types of behavior of SCF dependence on the loading level and on the structure parameters. The SCF increases continuously in the first half of loading range. In the second half in case of the small holes the monotonous growth proceeds to the maximal values, and for the large holes ‒ SCF can fall at load increasing, and sometimes has the repeated areas of intensive growth in the pre-ultimate state.
Activation Receptor–Dependent IFN-γ Production by NK Cells Is Controlled by Transcription, Translation, and the Proteasome
Authors: Piersma Sytse J. , Pak-Wittel Melissa A. , Lin Andrea , Plougastel-Douglas Beatrice , Yokoyama Wayne M.
Published: August 2019

NK cells can recognize target cells such as virus-infected and tumor cells through integration of activation and inhibitory receptors. Recognition by NK cells can lead to direct lysis of the target cell and production of the signature cytokine IFN-γ. However, it is unclear whether stimulation through activation receptors alone is sufficient for IFN-γ production. In this study, we show that NK activation receptor engagement requires additional signals for optimal IFN-γ production, which could be provided by IFN-β or IL-12. Stimulation of murine NK cells with soluble Abs directed against NK1.1, Ly49H, Ly49D, or NKp46 required additional stimulation with cytokines, indicating that a range of activation receptors with distinct adaptor molecules require additional stimulation for IFN-γ production. The requirement for multiple signals extends to stimulation with primary m157-transgenic target cells, which triggers the activation receptor Ly49H, suggesting that NK cells do require multiple signals for IFN-γ production in the context of target cell recognition. Using quantitative PCR and RNA flow cytometry, we found that cytokines, not activating ligands, act on NK cells to express Ifng transcripts. Ly49H engagement is required for IFN-γ translational initiation. Results using inhibitors suggest that the proteasome–ubiquitin–IKK–TPL2–MNK1 axis was required during activation receptor engagement. Thus, this study indicates that activation receptor–dependent IFN-γ production is regulated on the transcriptional and translational levels.
Ebed-Melech’s protest to King Zedekiah as a model of modern protest movement (Jr 38:1–17)
Authors: Adamo David T.
Published: August 2019

Generally, there are three types of protest, namely prophetic, political and sacramental protests. The prophetic protest has to do with various prophets protesting against nations, kings and policies of the government. Political protests have to do with various groups of people protesting against government policies of oppression. Protest by a group of people of certain faith against the evil that is perpetrated by governments or other authorities is known as sacramental protest. This article is about an individual called Ebed-Melech who protested against the wicked act of King Zedekiah and his princes. The article discusses how Ebed-Melech’s protest, just as the prophetic, political and sacramental protest, can become a model for modern protests all over the world. This article insists that Ebed-Melech’s courage, concern for justice, love, kindness and compassion makes him suitable to be a model for prophetic, political and sacramental protests in the modern world. The Ebed-Melech protest is an example of individual responsibility in the modern world that is filled with injustice.
Diuretic activity of ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa (Linn.) leaf in normal male Wistar rats
Authors: Yakubu Musa T. , Oyagoke Adenike M , Quadri Luqman A. , Agboola Anthonia O. , Oloyede Hussein O.B.
Published: August 2019

Background: Ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa leaf (EEMJL) has been used in the folk medicine of Nigeria as diuretics without any scientific evidence.Aim: Ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa leaf at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight was investigated for diuretic activity in male Wistar rats.Setting: Fresh leaf of M. jalapa was collected from a farmland at the Alanamu area in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, authenticated and processed for the study.Methods: Thirty male rats (231.50 g ± 13.51 g) were assigned into five groups (A–E) of six rats each. Rats in group A (control) received 1.0 mL of physiological saline (the vehicle). Animals in groups B (positive control), C, D and E received 1.0 mL equivalent to 100 mg/kg body weight of furosemide, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of EEMJL, respectively. All administrations were done by oral gavage. The animals were monitored for indicators of diuresis for 5 h using standard methods.Results: Ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa leaf dose-dependently increased (p < 0.05) urine volume, urine concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl− and decreased (p < 0.05) the body weight of the animals. Ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa leaf increased the urine pH, saliuretic activity, saliuretic index, Na+ index, K+ index, Cl− index, diuretic action (diuretic index), kaliuretic index, Lipschitz value and percentage saline load excreted, whereas the latency of urination, natriuretic index, carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity and carbonic anhydrase inhibition index were decreased. The EEMJL treatment-related changes in these parameters were essentially similar to those of the furosemide-treated animals.Conclusion: This study has thus validated diuretic activity of M. jalapa leaf with the 600 mg/kg body weight of EEMJL being the most effective.
The programme of clinical experience and evaluation employed at the University of Cape Town
Authors: Futter M. J.
Published: August 2019

This paper provides a brief description of the system of clinical evaluation used at the University of Cape Town. It gives the objectives of the clinical programme and the method of clinical supervision employed to achieve them. Some general problems of evaluation are discussed.
National Executive Committee Report
Authors: Liggins C. A.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available
Readability of HIV/AIDS Information Manuals in Ghana
Authors: Gyasi William Kodom
Published: August 2019

This paper examined the readability of some medical information documents for HIV/AIDS patients in Ghana. The SMOG readability formula was used to determine the reading levels of the documents which were obtained through convenience sampling technique. One sample Ttest was used to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in the readability of the sampled HIV/AIDS literature compared to a standard 8th grade recommended for public documents. The bootstrapping technique was employed in this evaluation to ensure robust estimates of significant or p-value, standard errors and the confident intervals. The study revealed that the leaflets were generally difficult to comprehend when compared to the standard readability score of public reading materials. The study concluded that it is prudent such documents are written in plane language in order that the target readers would benefit from the information carried by these documents.Key Words: readability, healthcare, HIV/AIDS, SMOG, patients, leaflets
Traduction et Intertextualite
Authors: Ezeafulukwe Olivia
Published: August 2019

La traduction et l’intertextualité sont des termes liés au texte qui ont beaucoup retenu l'attention au cours des dix dernières années. Ces deux termes étant toujours mentionnés ensemble, la confusion quant à leur démarcation est devenue monnaie courante, justifiant la tentative de la chercheuse à tenter de tracer une ligne de démarcation entre les deux termes, malgré le chevauchement des fonctions imminentes dans les deux. Dans cette tentative, des efforts ont été déployés pour expliquer clairement les deux termes, faisant ressortir leurs formes et leurs fonctions. Afin d'élucider la source de la confusion qui existe dans la compréhension des deux termes, la chercheuse s'est efforcée de faire ressortir les aspects qui se s’entrelacent dans leur pratique. Au cours de la recherche, il était découvert que l’intertextualité et la traduction sont deux faces d’une même pièce, se complétant de manière complémentaire, chaque partie ayant besoin de l’autre pour fonctionner. Translation and intertextuality are text related terms that have received much attention over the last ten years. These two terms have been mentioned together severally that confusion as to their demarcation has become rife hence an attempt by the researcher to draw a line between the two terms, despite the overlapping of functions imminent in both. In this attempt, effort has been made to clearly explain the two terms bringing out their forms and functions. To elucidate the source of the confusion existing in the understanding of the two terms, the researcher has made efforts to bring out the overlapping aspects of their practice. It was discovered in the course of the research that both intertextuality and translation are two sides of the same coin, each side complimenting the other and each needing the other to function.
Tanure Ojaide and Youth Empowerment in the Niger Delta: The Inkle Loom Design Paradigm
Authors: Ajiginni Margaret , Otu Oyeh Oko
Published: August 2019

Tanure Ogaide is a socially conscious poet. Due to his sensitivity, social commitment, and political engagement, his poetry delineates ecological spoliation, political marginalization, economic dispossession and the denigration of Niger Delta people. In addition to this role of the poet as a social critic, he proffers solutions to the problems that plague his society, especially his native Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Hence, this interdisciplinary paper examines the poet’s warning against laziness and senseless violence and the need for the youths to attain economic empowerment and financial independence through individual creativity, talent and skill. It pays particular attention to the poet’s portraiture of the loom and the significance of clothes and clothing materials, using inkle weaving as a creative art that can promote wealth and job creation, thereby minimizing poverty, discontent, unrest and violence in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Inkle weaving is an ancient hand manipulative art. Inkle looms equipment is for weaving strips or bands of warp-faced fabric. The loom, like Navajo back-strap and inkle are portable, accessible and are used to produce fascinating strong bands such as guitar and camera straps, colorful shoelaces, belts, fashion accessories and to aesthetically enhance clothing. However, fragmented knowledge of its production process is known in most tertiary institutions and in medium scale textile industries. The experimental research method has been adopted and it is essential to promote weaving efficiency, economic empowerment and self-reliance amongst Niger Delta youths. This study holds that knowledge of inkle weaving technique will provide substitute woven fabrics for art practitioners; encourage creativity and innovation, and entrepreneurship practice. It will also solve socioeconomic challenges and manpower needs by building youths into responsible citizens with skills in handling inkle tools, materials and equipment for an improved indigenous textile industry.Key Words: inkle loom, youth empowerment, Niger Delta, strip, warp faced, warp, weft, shuttle, heddle
Kinetics of the OH + NO2 reaction: rate coefficients (217–333 K, 16–1200 mbar) and fall-off parameters for N2 and O2 bath gases
Authors: Amedro Damien , Bunkan Arne J. C. , Berasategui Matias , Crowley John N.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The radical terminating, termolecular reaction between OH and NO2
exerts great influence on the NOy∕NOx ratio and O3 formation in the atmosphere. Evaluation panels (IUPAC and NASA) recommend rate coefficients for this reaction that disagree by as much as a factor of 1.6 at low temperature and pressure. In this work, the title reaction was studied by pulsed laser photolysis and laser-induced fluorescence over the pressure range 16–1200 mbar and temperature range 217–333 K in N2 bath gas, with experiments at 295 K (67–333 mbar) for O2. In situ measurement of NO2 using two optical absorption set-ups enabled generation of highly precise,
accurate rate coefficients in the fall-off pressure range, appropriate for
atmospheric conditions. We found, in agreement with previous work, that O2 bath gas has a lower collision efficiency than N2 with a relative collision efficiency to N2 of 0.74. Using the Troe-type formulation for termolecular reactions we present a new set of parameters with k0(N2) = 2.6×10-30 cm6 molecule−2 s−1, k0(O2) = 2.0×10-30 cm6 molecule−2 s−1, m=3.6, k∞=6.3×10-11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, and Fc=0.39 and compare our results to previous studies in
N2 and O2 bath gases.
XCO2 observations using satellite measurements with moderate spectral resolution: Investigation using GOSAT and OCO-2 measurements
Authors: Wu Lianghai , aan de Brugh Joost , Meijer Yasjka , Sierk Bernd , Hasekamp Otto , Butz Andre , Landgraf Jochen
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In light of the proposed space segment of Europe's future CO2 monitoring system, we investigate the spectral resolution of the CO2 spectrometer, which measures Earthshine radiance in the three relevant spectral bands at 0.76, 1.61 and 2.06 μm. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) mission covers these bands with fine spectral resolution but limited spatial coverage, which hampers the monitoring of localized anthropogenic CO2 emission. The future European CO2 monitoring constellation, currently undergoing feasibility studies at the European Space Agency (ESA), is targeting a moderate spectral resolution of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.3–0.55 nm in the three spectral bands with high signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio. This spectral and radiometric sizing is deemed to be favorable for large-swath imaging of point-sources of CO2 emission. To assess this choice, we use real and synthetic OCO-2 satellite observations, which we spectrally degrade to the envisaged lower spectral resolution. We evaluate the corresponding CO2 retrieval accuracy by taking the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) observations as reference. Here, a lower spectral resolution enhances the scatter error of the retrieved CO2 column mixing ratio (XCO2) but has little effect on the station-to-station variation of the biases. We show that the scatter error gradually increases when decreasing spectral resolution. Part of the scatter error increase can be attributed to the retrieval noise error which can be compensated by a future instrument with improved SNR. Moreover, we consider the effect of the reduced spectral resolution on the capability to capture regional XCO2 variations and XCO2 plumes from selected OCO-2 orbits. The investigation using measurements from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and synthetic measurements confirms our finding and indicates that one major source of uncertainties regarding CO2 retrieval is the insufficient information on aerosol properties that can be inferred from the observations. We hence recommend the implementation of simultaneous, co-located measurements that have larger information content on aerosols with an auxiliary instrument in the future European observing system.
Impact of local gravity wave forcing in the lower stratosphere on the polar vortex stability: Effect of longitudinal displacement
Authors: Samtleben Nadja , Kuchař Aleš , Šácha Petr , Pišoft Petr , Jacobi Christoph
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The effects of gravity wave (GW) breaking hotspots in the lower stratosphere, especially the role of their longitudinal distribution, are evaluated through a sensitivity study by using a simplified middle atmosphere circulation model. For the position of the local GW hotspot, we first selected a fixed latitude range between 37.5 and 62.5° N and a longitude range from 112.5 to 168.75° E, as well as an altitude range between 18 and 30 km. This confined GW hotspot was then shifted in longitude by 45° steps, so that we created 8 artificial GW hotspots in total. Strongly depending on the location of the respective GW hotspot with regard to the phase of the stationary planetary wave of wavenumber 1 (SPW 1) generated in the model, the local GW forcing may interfere constructively or destructively with the modeled SPW 1. GW hotspots, which are located in North America near the Rocky Mountains lead to an increase of the SPW 1 amplitude and EP flux, while hotspots located near the Caucasus, the Himalayas or the Scandinavian region lead to a decrease of these parameters. Thus, the polar vortex is less (Caucasus and Himalayan hotspots) or more weakened (Rocky Mountains hotspot) by the prevailing SPW activity. Because the local GW forcing generally suppresses wave propagation at midlatitudes, the SPWs 1 are propagating into the polar region, where the refractive index turned to positive values for the majority of the artificial GW hotspots. An additional source of SPW 1 may be local instabilities indicated by the reversal in the meridional potential vorticity gradient in the polar region in connection with a positive EP divergence. In most cases, the SPWs 1 are breaking in the polar region and maintain the deceleration and thus, the weakening of the polar vortex. While the SPWs 1 that form when the GW hotspots are located above North America propagate through the polar region into the middle atmosphere, the SPWs 1 in the remaining GW hotspot simulations were not able to propagate further upwards because of a negative refractive index above the positive refractive index anomaly in the polar region. GW hotspots, which are located near the Himalayas influence the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region because of possible local instabilities in the lower mesosphere generating additional SPWs 1, which propagate upwards into the mesosphere.
Theoretical uncertainties for global satellite-derived burned area estimates
Authors: Brennan James , Gómez-Dans Jose L. , Disney Mathias , Lewis Philip
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Quantitative information on the error properties of global satellite-derived burned area (BA) products is essential for evaluating the quality of these products, e.g. against modelled BA estimates. We estimate theoretical uncertainties for three widely used global satellite-derived BA products using a multiplicative triple collocation error model. The approach provides spatially unique uncertainties at 1∘ for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6 burned area product (MCD64), the MODIS Collection 5.1 (MCD45) product, and the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative Fire product version 5.0 (FireCCI50) for 2001–2013. The uncertainties on mean global burned area for three products are 3.76±0.15×106 km2 for MCD64, 3.70±0.17×106 km2 for FireCCI50, and 3.31±0.18×106 km2 for MCD45. These correspond to relative uncertainties of 4 %–5.5 % and also indicate previous uncertainty estimates to be underestimated. Relative uncertainties are 8 %–10 % in Africa and Australia, for example, and larger in regions with less annual burned area. The method provides uncertainties that are likely to be more consistent with modelling and data analysis studies due to their spatially explicit properties. These properties are also intended to allow spatially explicit validation of current burned area products.
Simulation of Extreme Heatwaves with Empirical Importance Sampling
Authors: Yiou Pascal , Jézéquel Aglaé
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Simulating ensembles of extreme events is a necessary task to evaluate their probability distribution and analyse their meteorological properties. Algorithms of importance sampling have provided a way to simulate trajectories of dynamical systems (like climate models) that yield extreme behavior, like heatwaves. Such algorithms also give access to the return periods of such events. We present an adaptation based on circulation analogues of importance sampling to provide a data-based algorithm that simulates extreme events like heatwaves in a realistic way. This algorithm is a modification of a stochastic weather generator, which gives more weight to trajectories with higher temperatures. This presentation outlines the methodology on European heatwaves and illustrates the spatial and temporal properties of simulations.
Simulating Coupled Surface-Subsurface Flows with ParFlow v3.5.0: Capabilities, applications, and ongoing developmentof an open-source, massively parallel, integrated hydrologic model
Authors: Kuffour Benjamin N. O. , Engdahl Nicholas B. , Woodward Carol S. , Condon Laura E. , Kollet Stefan , Maxwell Reed M.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Surface and subsurface flow constitute a naturally linked hydrologic continuum that has not traditionally been simulated in an integrated fashion. Recognizing the interactions between these systems has encouraged the development of integrated hydrologic models (IHMs) capable of treating surface and subsurface systems as a single integrated resource. IHMs is dynamically evolving with improvement in technology and the extent of their current capabilities are often only known to the developers and not general users. This article provides an overview of the core functionality, capability, applications, and ongoing development of one open-source IHM, ParFlow. ParFlow is a parallel, integrated, hydrologic model that simulates surface and subsurface flows. ParFlow solves Richards’ equation for three-dimensional variably saturated groundwater flow and the two-dimensional kinematic wave approximation of the shallow water equations for overland flow. The model employs a conservative centered finite difference scheme and a conservative finite volume method for subsurface flow and transport, respectively. ParFlow uses multigrid preconditioned Krylov and Newton-Krylov methods to solve the linear and nonlinear systems within each time step of the flow simulations. The code has demonstrated very efficient parallel solution capabilities. ParFlow has been coupled to geochemical reaction, land surface (e.g. Common Land Model), and atmospheric models to study the interactions among the subsurface, land surface, and the atmosphere systems across different spatial scales. This overview focuses on the current capabilities of the code, the core simulation engine, and the primary couplings of the subsurface model to other codes, taking a high-level perspective.
Snow processes in mountain forests: Interception modeling for coarse-scale applications
Authors: Helbig Nora , Moeser David , Teich Michaela , Vincent Laure , Lejeune Yves , Sicart Jean-Emmanuel , Monnet Jean-Matthieu
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Snow interception by forest canopy drives the spatial heterogeneity of subcanopy snow accumulation leading to significant differences between forested and non-forested areas at a variety of scales. Snow intercepted by forest canopy can also drastically change the surface albedo. As such, accuratelly modelling snow interception is of importance for various model applications such as hydrological, weather and climate predictions. Due to difficulties in direct measurements of snow interception, previous empirical snow interception models were developed at just the point scale. The lack of spatially extensive data sets has hindered validation of snow interception models in different snow climates, forest types and at various spatial scales and has reduced accurate representation of snow interception in coarse-scale models. We present two novel models for the spatial mean and one for the standard deviation of snow interception derived from an extensive snow interception data set collected in a spruce forest in the Swiss Alps. Besides open area snow fall, subgrid model input parameters include the standard deviation of the DSM (digital surface models) and the sky view factor, both of which can be easily pre-computed. Validation of both models was performed with snow interception data sets acquired in geographically different locations under disparate weather conditions. Snow interception data sets from the Rocky Mountains, U.S. and the French Alps compared well to modelled snow interception with a NRMSE for the spatial mean of lower equal ≤ 10 % and NRMSE of the standard deviation of lower equal ≤ 13 %. Our results suggest that the proposed snow interception models can be applied in coarse land surface model grid cells provided that a sufficiently fine-scale DSM of the forest is available to derive subgrid forest parameters.
Summary and synthesis of Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN) research in the interior of western Canada – Part 1: Projected climate and meteorology
Authors: Stewart Ronald E. , Szeto Kit K. , Bonsal Barrie R. , Hanesiak John M. , Kochtubajda Bohdan , Li Yanping , Thériault Julie M. , DeBeer Chris M. , Tam Benita Y. , Li Zhenhua , Liu Zhuo , Bruneau Jennifer A. , Duplessis Patrick , Marinier Sébastien , Matte Dominic
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The interior of western Canada, up to and including the Arctic,
has experienced rapid change in its climate, hydrology, cryosphere, and
ecosystems, and this is expected to continue. Although there is general
consensus that warming will occur in the future, many critical issues
remain. In this first of two articles, attention is placed on
atmospheric-related issues that range from large scales down to individual
precipitation events. Each of these is considered in terms of expected
change organized by season and utilizing mainly “business-as-usual” climate
scenario information. Large-scale atmospheric circulations affecting this
region are projected to shift differently in each season, with conditions
that are conducive to the development of hydroclimate extremes in the domain
becoming substantially more intense and frequent after the mid-century. When
coupled with warming temperatures, changes in the large-scale atmospheric
drivers lead to enhancements of numerous water-related and
temperature-related extremes. These include winter snowstorms, freezing
rain, drought, forest fires, as well as atmospheric forcing of spring floods,
although not necessarily summer convection. Collective insights of these
atmospheric findings are summarized in a consistent, connected physical
framework.
The impact of lightning and radar reflectivity factor data assimilation on the very short-term rainfall forecasts of RAMS@ISAC: application to two case studies in Italy
Authors: Federico Stefano , Torcasio Rosa Claudia , Avolio Elenio , Caumont Olivier , Montopoli Mario , Baldini Luca , Vulpiani Gianfranco , Dietrich Stefano
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In this paper, we study the impact of lightning and radar reflectivity
factor data assimilation on the precipitation VSF (very short-term forecast,
3 h in this study) for two severe weather events that occurred in Italy.
The first case refers to a moderate and localized rainfall over central
Italy that occurred on 16 September 2017. The second case occurred on 9 and 10 September 2017 and was very intense and caused damages in several geographical areas, especially in Livorno (Tuscany) where nine people died. The first case study was missed by several operational forecasts, including
that performed by the model used in this paper, while the Livorno case was
partially predicted by operational models. We use the RAMS@ISAC model (Regional Atmospheric Modelling System at
Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of the Italian National
Research Council), whose 3D-Var extension to the assimilation of radar
reflectivity factor is shown in this paper for the first time. Results for the two cases show that the assimilation of lightning and radar
reflectivity factor, especially when used together, have a significant and
positive impact on the precipitation forecast. For specific time intervals,
the data assimilation is of practical importance for civil protection
purposes because it changes a missed forecast of intense precipitation (≥40 mm in 3 h) to a correct one. While there is an improvement of the rainfall VSF thanks to the lightning
and radar reflectivity factor data assimilation, its usefulness is partially
reduced by the increase in false alarms, especially when both datasets
are assimilated.
Implementation of the Blade Element Momentum Model on a Polar Grid and its Aeroelastic Load Impact
Authors: Madsen Helge Aagaard , Larsen Torben Juul , Pirrung Georg Raimund , Li Ang , Zahle Frederik
Published: August 2019

Abstract. We show that the up-scaling of wind turbines from rotor diameters of 15–20 m to presently large rotors of 150–200 m has changed the requirements for the aerodynamic Blade Element Momentum (BEM) models in the aeroelastic codes. This is because the typical scales in the inflow turbulence are now comparable with the rotor diameter of the large turbines. Therefore the spectrum of the incoming turbulence relative to the rotating blade has increased energy content on 1P, 2P, ..., nP and the annular mean induction approach in a classical BEM implementation might no longer be a good approximation for large rotors. We present a complete BEM implementation on a polar grid that models the induction response to the considerable 1P, 2P, ..., nP inflow variations, including models for yawed inflow, dynamic inflow and radial induction. At each time step in an aeroelastic simulation the induction derived from a local BEM approach is updated at all the stationary grid points covering the swept area so the model can be characterized as an engineering actuator disc (AD) solution. The induction at each grid point varies slowly in time due to the dynamic inflow filter but the rotating blade now samples the induction field; as a result the induction seen from the blade is highly unsteady and has a spectrum with distinct 1P, 2P, ..., nP peaks. The load impact mechanism from this unsteady induction is analyzed and it is found that the load impact strongly depends on the turbine design and operating conditions. For operation at low to medium thrust coefficients (conventional turbines at above rated wind speed or low induction turbines in the whole operating range) it is found that the grid BEM gives typically 8–10 % lower 1 Hz fatigue loads than the classical annular mean BEM approach. At high thrust coefficients the grid BEM can give slightly increased fatigue loads. In the paper the implementation of the grid based BEM is described in detail and finally several validation cases are presented.
Editorial
Authors: Costa Flaviano
Published: August 2019

Editorial
Relatório Anual de Gestão
Authors: Costa Flaviano
Published: August 2019

Relatório Anual de Gestão
Evaluation on simulation training for midwifery science trainers in Windhoek, Namibia
Authors: Nghitanwa Emma Maano , Endjala Tuwilika , Hatupopi Saara Kerthu
Published: August 2019

Simulation training refines skills needed to correct mistakes by allowing trainees to fine tune their skills.  To improve the knowledge and skills of the midwifery educators, a simulation training has been organised for them so that they are able to provide simulation to the students. This was in part necessitated by the understanding/observation that students tend to be less anxious at the clinical practice after they had simulation training. A quantitative, cross-sectional study design was employed. Data was collected with structured self-administered questionnaires among 10 midwifery trainers who attended a simulation training workshop. This workshop was conducted by trainers from Cardiff University under the Phoenix project in June 2016. Due to the limited number of trained educators, census sampling method was used and data was analysed using SPSS version 25. The study results indicated that most midwifery educators are female within middle age category. Most participants have attended simulation training before and have been conducting simulation to students. Furthermore, most participants indicated that they were satisfied with the training and that they gained knowledge and skills on simulation that they can utilize during student training. The researchers recommend further research on evaluation of knowledge and skills such as evaluating participants on simulating procedures.
Experience of nurse practitioners transitioning into independent practice: A qualitative study
Authors: Twine Nicole , Cesario Sandra
Published: August 2019

Objective: The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and describe the role transition of new Nurse Practitioners (NPs) following participation in an internship program with simulated learning to better understand the barriers and facilitators of achieving an autonomous role as an NP.Methods: In a large academic research medical center in Houston, Texas, purposive sampling was used to recruit a sample of 14 acute care NPs who had recently participated in a pre-graduate internship program. Demographic data were collected and in-depth, one-on-one interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Colaizzi’s process for phenomenological data analysis was used.Results: Four themes emerged from the analysis of the interviews: Putting on My NP Shoes, which described the participants’ statements about progression in their new role; We’re Only as Good as We Train, which described the participants’ statements about how NPs are trained to practice compared with other professionals; My Internship Prepared Me, which described how additional education and exposure to an internship program prepared the participants for entry into practice; and Relationships Provided Success, which described the participants’ statements about building collaborative relationships with physicians and staff that impacted their transition.Conclusions: The findings from this phenomenological study will provide knowledge to develop or adapt educational programs for NPs and to further develop internship or postgraduate residency programs for advance practice nurses.
Proximity and Density of Alcohol Outlets as a Risk Factor of Alcohol Abuse Amongst the Youth: A Case Study of a Border Town in Northern Region of Namibia
Authors: Hasheela Miriam Winnie , Makhubele Jabulani Calvin , Ananias Janetta Agnes , Matlakala Frans Koketso , Mafa Prudence , Chiwalo Beatrice Namoonga , Rapholo Selelo Frank , Freeman Rachel Johanna , Svinurai Anesu , Ilonga Hamuse Tiberia Ndanyakuwa
Published: August 2019

The proximity and density of alcohol outlets are positively associated with drinking patterns and increase in alcohol consumption resulting in deviant behaviors such as excessive drinking, risky sexual behaviors, violent and crime in communities. This study was aimed at identifying and assessing the proximity, density of alcohol outlets as a risk factor to potential behavioral influence amongst the youth in a border town in the northern region of Namibia. The study was qualitative in nature and used ethnographic design in order to describe the proximity and density of alcohol outlets. Data was collected through unobtrusive observation method and analyzed by means of content analysis. The researchers used field notes to capture data observed. Eco-systems theory was used as a theoretical framework for this study. The study found out that there were quite a number of shebeens in close proximity of educational establishments, churches, public roads and residential areas which contribute to easy accessibility of alcohol by youth in and out of school. Various themes emerged from the study such as closeness of alcohol outlets to schools and churches and residential areas, mushrooming of shebeens, children and youth spending time at shebeens and Drunkenness. The study concluded that the closeness of alcohol establishments to residential areas, churches and schools influence drinking behaviors of people residing in these areas. Equally important, the more alcohol outlets in the environment, the higher the alcohol consumption which results in deviant behaviors and excessive drinking.
Metas brasileiras no Acordo de Paris: reflexões sobre o papel das universidades
Authors: Pinsky Vanessa Cuzziol , Gomes Clandia Maffini , Kruglianskas Isak
Published: August 2019

Objetivo do estudo: discutir o papel das universidades no apoio à implementação das metas brasileiras no Acordo de Paris, por meio de sua Contribuição Nacionalmente Determinada (NDC na sigla em inglês).Metodologia: abordagem exploratória e descritiva, baseada na análise de 13 depoimentos de especialistas.Originalidade: o governo, unilateralmente, não conseguirá implementar ações de mitigação em diversos setores para atingir as metas de sua NDC. A academia apresenta considerável potencial de contribuição para o desenvolvimento de uma economia de baixo carbono no país, por meio de inovações tecnológicas, e iniciativas que contribuam com a governança de um sistema complexo como as mudanças climáticas. Recomendações são propostas nesse artigo para que as universidades liderem pelo exemplo, por meio de uma agenda de pesquisa propositiva e alinhada com as metas brasileiras de mitigação até 2030.Principais resultados: a falta de integração da agenda de pesquisa das universidades com as demandas do governo e do setor privado é apontado por especialistas como o principal entrave para o avanço da ciência.Conclusão: o papel das universidades, especialmente as públicas, deve ter como foco uma agenda integrada de ensino e pesquisa multidisciplinar, que considere os desafios e as necessidades do governo e da sociedade para o fomento de uma nova economia de baixo carbono, pautada no desenvolvimento econômico e social, no qual o crescimento econômico não seja atrelado ao uso insustentável dos recursos naturais. Isso demanda inovações tecnológicas disruptivas, governança, arranjos institucionais de implementação e capacitação.Palavras-chave: Mudanças climáticas. Governança do clima. Política climática. Mitigação. Acordo de Paris. NDC.
Electrodeposition of the Sb2Se3 thin films on various substrates from the tartaric electrolyte
Authors: Majidzade Vusala Asim , Aliyev Akif Shikhan , Guliyev Parvin Haydar , Babanly Dunya Mahammad
Published: August 2019

The present contribution is devoted to the electrochemical deposition of Sb2Se3 thin films from tartrate electrolyte. The study was conducted by potentiodynamic, potentiostatic and galvanostatic methods carried out under different conditions at Pt, Cu and Ni electrodes. The kinetics and mechanism of the electroreduction of antimony and selenite ions in the tartaric acid were studied separately for the electrochemical deposition. Comparison of the obtained polarization curves showed that co-deposition occurs between electroreduction potentials of antimony and selenium, indicating depolarization electrode effect for antimony ions. The influence of electrolyte compo­sition, pH, current density, temperature, etc. has been studied. On the basis of cyclic polarization, X-ray phase and SEM-EDX analyses, it is found that Sb-Se thin films are deposited on Pt and Ni electrodes, but not on Cu electrode. Black, uniform, crystalline and shiny films of the stoichiometric composition of Sb2Se3 compound are deposited on Pt and Ni electrodes within the 338-348 K temperature interval, pH 1.85, current density of 2.5-3.0 A/dm2, and annealing temperature of 703 K. Experiments were carried out using the optimal electrolyte composition containing 0.05 M SbOCl + 0.05 M H2SeO3 + 0.007 M C4H6O6.
Nowoczesne rozwiązania w naprawach dociepleń
Authors: Rejment Mariusz , Dziadosz Agnieszka
Published: August 2019

The article discusses selected defects
and damages of thermal insulation of
walls in the ETICS technology and indicates
modern material solutions (biocides, aerogels,
vacuum insulation) and structural solutions
(balcony connectors) eliminating the
above-mentioned defects and damages.
Reintegration, Hospitality and Hostility: Song-writing and Song-sharing in Criminal Justice
Authors: Urie Alison , McNeill Fergus , Frödén Lucy Cathcart , Collinson-Scott Jo , Thomas Phil Crockett , Escobar Oliver , Macleod Sandy , McKerracher Graeme
Published: August 2019

Distant Voices is an ongoing, interdisciplinary collaborative action research project, drawing on criminology, community development, politics, practice-led research and songwriting to explore crime, punishment and reintegration through creative conversations that aim to challenge and unsettle understandings of and approaches to rehabilitation and reintegration. In this paper, we discuss some of the thinking behind the project and we reflect on our experiences to date as a community of enquiry. Specifically, we explore the extent to which certain practices of hospitality that we have experienced in processes of collaborative songwriting and song-sharing might mediate and resist the ‘hostile environment’ that faces people leaving prison in many contemporary societies. Drawing on our experience, we argue that hospitality is often disruptive; that creating and sustaining hospitable environments is extremely challenging; and that to do so requires careful thought and planning, including in relation to problems created by the power dynamics intrinsic to criminal justice. The paper includes links to and discussion of one song written in the project – ‘An Open Door’ -- which engages with and illustrates these themes.
§ 217 StGB im Lichte des strafrechtlichen Rechtsgutskonzeptes
Authors: Britzke Sonja
Published: August 2019

Establishing § 217 StGB must be counted among those legislative projects that can be criticised for not referring to the legal interests that should be protected. The study shows that the implementation of § 217 StGB has missed the purpose of criminal law to protect legal interests in the sense of “ultima ratio” sanctions. Even if the provision is aimed at protecting legal rights such as life and human autonomy, the legislator has failed in this respect. Instead, the provision reflects the purpose of preventing a “suicide culture”. Following the doctrine of criminal law being limited to protecting legal interests, such an ethical purpose falls outside this scope.
However, it seems unlikely that the Constitutional Court will reject § 217 StGB as being unconstitutional. Therefore, the provision must be construed in a practical manner and in the light of its supra-individual purpose, i.e. preventing a “suicide culture”.
Consumers' Perceptions of Native Advertisements
Authors: Fischbach Sarah , Zarzosa Jennifer ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2019

With the rapid growth of native advertising, there has been an increased interest to address ethical concerns and deception online. To address this concern, we look at the consumer's ethical efficacy toward native ads and we compare native ads (such as in-feed and advertorial) to banner ads. Results confirm that consumers trust native ads more than banner ads. Moreover, we uncover that consumers ethical efficacy (i.e., confidence in ethical decision making) affects their intention to share native ads through eWOM. However, consumer individual differences influence intention to share content online and trust in the native ads. We study the moderating effects of salience, using the fashion context, and its influence on ad trust and willingness to share through eWOM. Recommendations for business professionals and academics are discussed and future research guidelines are addressed.