bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction Time Overrun Related Risks as a Determinant of Completion of Public Private Partnership Projects in Kenya. Case Study of Sondu Miriu Hydropower Project
Authors: Oyieyo Pamela Akinyi , Rambo Charles M. , Ndiritu Ann
Published: October 2020

In development projects especially those of construction in nature, working within the time schedules is paramount and normally an issue of conflict. Emergence of Public Private Partnership to remedy delays in project has not been that perfect but provides a platform for risk sharing between stakeholders. This study borrowed on contingency theory to investigate the extent to which time overrun related risks impact on project delivery through PPP models. In the null, the hypothesis that time overrun related risks do not have an influence on project delivery was tested using entire management team of the completed construction project sampled randomly to give 71 participants. Questionnaires and interview schedules were applied to obtain research data. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used in analysis where regression analysis was used to determine variable effects. The null hypothesis was tested at 95% confidence level and found that there was a strong negative correlation between the variables, r (38) = -0.975 (p<.05) which implies that construction time overrun related risks significantly influence project delivery. Thus, the null hypothesis was rejected. The study recommends that stakeholders in PPPs should come together at initial stages to ensure that project drawings are made and approved in time to facilitate speedy execution of the overall project and avoid unnecessary design changes by involving all stakeholders to reduce time overrun.
An Estimation of the Impact of Financial Intermediation on the Economic Growth of Ghana; With Emphasis on the Private Sector
Authors: Yeboah Asiamah
Published: October 2020

It is an undeniable and acceptable fact that all economic agents namely; individuals, corporations and governments require money to meet their specific needs which may differ from one economic agent to another. The monetary activities of these economic agents which have to be financed by someone else exert an overall effect on the entire economy. The challenge here, therefore, is about the availability of banks’ credit and its allocation to the various economic agents as well as the economic results they deliver to Ghana’s economy. Thus, the basic issue which the study sought to dwell on is ‘how commercial banks’ credit allocated to the private sector impacts on the growth of the entire economy of Ghana’. The study conducted is exploratory in nature and the approach was purely quantitative making use of secondary data relating to financial intermediation and economic growth spanning from 1993 to 2018. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting data and its source. To estimate the parameters in the econometric model stated in the study using times series data, Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to co-integration developed by Pesaran et al. was employed. Overall, the empirical evidence obtained indicates that there is a negative long-run relationship between domestic banks credit to the private sector and Ghana’s economic growth, though statistically insignificant at 5% significance level. In the short-run however, the negative relationship between the two variables is statistically significant at the same significance level.
Estimation of Aquifer Protective Capacity, Soil Corrosivity and Dar-Zarrouk Parameters in Kaura Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Olaniyan Isaac O.
Published: October 2020

This study presents an estimation of aquifer protective capacity, soil corrosivity and Dar-Zarrouk parameters for Kaura area of Kaduna State in northern Nigeria. Electrical resistivity sounding data and borehole pumping test data obtained from 20 locations within the LGA were obtained and used for this study. The geoelectric data exhibited curve types generally consisting of H, HA, KH or K-A-H types from which five-layer lithology were delineated across the entire study area. Well yield varies from 16 – 400 litres/min, pumping rate ranges from 16 to 140 l/min, drawdown varies from 1 – 22m, while specific capacity ranged from 1 – 95 litres/min. The aquifer protective capacity characterization was based on values of longitudinal unit conductance of the overburden, and 35% of the locations showed good protective capacity, while the remaining 65% exhibited moderate protective capacity. From the soil corrosivity evaluation, the upper soil layers were classified as moderately corrosive at one location, four locations were marked as slightly corrosive, while the remaining locations were found to be practically non-corrosive. Based on thicknesses and resistivities of the overburden layers, Dar-Zarrouk parameters were determined. The reflection coefficient ranged from 0.29 to 0.92, resistivity contrast occurred between 0.35 to 25.38, while the coefficient of anisotropy ranged from 0.70 to 3.84 with mean value of 1.57. Values above 1.0 are generally considered high and they occurred more toward the western part of the area than the middle and eastern parts. Both the longitudinal unit conductance map and coefficient of anisotropy map were generated for the area.
The Physical Properties and Geochemical of Clay from the Bestari Jaya, Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia for Potential Usage
Authors: Umor M. R. , Hussin A. , Muda N.
Published: October 2020

The study emphasis on physical properties and geochemical of the clays from Bestari Jaya area to determine its suitability for any commercial application. Nine samples collected from six boreholes as representative of white and dark clay in the study area. All samples examined through the optical properties test and physical properties such as moisture, specific gravity, Atterberg limit and particle size distributions. The geochemical and mineralogical conducted using XRF and XRD analysis. The clays from Bestari Jaya considered of having variation in the brightness from medium to high brightness as shown by Delta L value (51.32-73.49%). The moisture content ranges between 34.50-81.03%. The plasticity index (PI) and plasticity limit (PL) values found in ranges of 18-32% with an average of 22.22%, and 32-46% with an average of 37.11% respectively. The plasticity limit and index reveals that the Bestari Jaya clays can be classify as kaolinite clays that are suitable for pottery and brick making. The specific gravity ranges between 2.49 – 2.70 with an average of 2.61. The average value is similar to the value of pure china clay (2.6). The SiO2 content in Bestari Jaya clays is between 37.49 – 69.96 wt% and Al2O3 is between 18.92 – 33.02 wt%. While the L.O.I values are between 8.71-16.04%. Kaolinite as the dominant mineral phases in all clay samples with composition ranges from 65-97.7% and an average of 73.12%. Apart of that, quartz in ranges of 5.3 – 20.6%, identified in almost all samples. Muscovite, hematite and magnetite occur as accessory minerals. Referring to standard and result obtained on representative sample, the Bestari Jaya clays potentially used in the production of smaller tiles for unexclusive pedestrian traffic. The presence of significance amount of heavy metals makes it unsuitable to use in the pharmaceutical or paper industry.
Impact of Infection Control Training Program in Improving the Quality of Healthcare
Authors: Alqahtani Aeshah N. , Almaghrabi Rana H. , Albaadani Mohammed M. , Almossa Khalid
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of various training programs and guidelines on improving the healthcare quality and patient. The training programs that we have explained in this study are related to Hand Hygiene compliance, Improving clinical outcomes and reducing financial burden and Preventing healthcare associated infection, This study Applied to many health institutions and healthcare employees in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, It is from this analysis that improve quality of healthcare through control training program, IPC training program improve hand hygiene compliance and reduces the HAIs prevalence, improves patient outcomes and reduces healthcare costs, training of all the persons involved in primary healthcare may fill the IPC gaps.
Empowerment of Love for Jane Austen’s Females: A Case of Creativity in Familiarity
Authors: Alhasan Assia , Omar Noritah
Published: October 2020

The goal of this qualitative study is to explore unfamiliar concepts presented in familiar contexts in Austen’s Pride and Prejudice (1813) and Mansfield Park (1814). Also, it intends to examine Austen’s creativity in unfamiliar concepts such as women’s freedom of choice and education from a feminist perspective. This study is significant for shedding light on the empowerment of love decision, females’ self-awareness and women’s voice presented in conventional systems. In addition, it will help feminists to figure out the feminism issues reflected in Austen’s work. Further, this study addresses the question of unfamiliar concepts in Austen’s familiar contexts and identify the impact of decision making on women’s equality. The researcher uses textual analysis to discuss main themes and address research questions. The findings of the study show that Austen best novels preached out women’s emancipation of so-called marriage-market. Also, the result indicates that women of her time postulated love in marriage for achieving self- recognition and self-esteem through creative technique of familiarizing unfamiliar concepts. Therefore, it introduces new thread to Austen studies by examining how Austen familiarized her readers unconsciously with modern concepts at the late 18th century in societal and cultural respects. This study recommends that further investigations be conducted in this regard.
From Feminization of Fiction to Feminine Metafiction in Gaskell’s Wives and Daughters and Woolf’s Orlando
Authors: HAMZA REGUIG MOURO Wassila
Published: October 2020

Feminism developed and widened its scope to different disciplines such as literature, history, and sociology. It is associated with various other schools and theories like Marxism and poststructuralism, as well. In the field of literature, feminist literary criticism managed to throw away the dust that cumulated on women’s writing and succeeded in raising interest in those forgotten female artists. Some critics in the field of feminism claim that there are no separate spheres, masculine and feminine, whereas others have opted for post-feminist thinking. Some women writers used metafiction to write literary criticism. Therefore, how do Gaskell and Woolf implement metafiction in their stories? Accordingly, this work aims at shedding light on Wives and Daughters by Gaskell and Orlando by Woolf to tackle metafiction from a feminist perspective. Examples from both novels about intertextuality, narration, and other aspects, that are part of metafiction, will be provided to illustrate how and where metafiction is used.
Narrative Control or Aesthetic Ideal: Cognitive Narrative Reading of Milan Kundera’s Life Is Elsewhere
Authors: Mechraoui Sara
Published: October 2020

This study, which is inspired by Cognitive Poetics, aims to test the feasibility of its basic methods on the analysis of Milan Kundera’s novel Life Is Elsewhere (1973). Kundera’s style seems at first plain, but greater importance was given to his philosophical and psychological treatment of subjects than the narratological world that he creates. He brilliantly mixes many narrative techniques to expose his existential and aesthetic ideals. The aesthetic value of the novel studied under the cognitive stylistic approach in this study sought answers to the following question. How can Life Is Elsewhere (1973) be read from a cognitive linguistic perspective? The findings confirmed the relevance of the cognitive poetic approach to the narrow reading of Milan Kundera’s works. Life Is Elsewhere (1973) is a merit of narrative control in that the author allows the reader to live the life story of a young poet, to appreciate his ups and downs, at the same time, read his philosophical ideas about life and his artistic control of the novel. Though a cognitively inspired approach might seem odd at the thematic level, for a purely hermeneutic researcher, the level at which both author and reader would exchange meaning from the text is catered for in the rich textual world of the novel. The latter sustains the universality of the works and confirms the suitability of the cognitive poetic framework to any piece of literature.
MANAGEMENT DECISION ALGORITHM IN ENERGY SYSTEM OF ENTERPRISE
Authors: Ustyugov Nikita , Protalinskiy Oleg Miroslavovich
Published: October 2020

The article presents the research objective to develop and test an algorithm for choosing a managerial decision in the energy system. There have been described the managerial deci-sions made in the organization when consuming electrical energy. The system was decomposed into subsystems with the allocation of the applied optimal organizational and technical control actions. The models of subsystems with the subsequent aggregation into a single structure of the model of the energy system are presented. There has been proposed an algorithm for determining the optimal managerial decision in the energy system, which checks the decisions taking into account the given criterion and limitations. The problem of power consumption management is formulated taking into account the minimization of financial costs, and its solution is found within the limits of one subsystem. Experimental studies have been carried out that have shown practical applicability and financial savings obtained due to the application of the developed algorithm, which indicates the possibility of further use of the research results in the energy systems of enterprises of the Russian Federation and abroad.
Gender and Age Differences in Social Anxiety as Measured by the Croatian Version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale on a Representative Sample of the Population of the Republic of Croatia
Authors:   Hendal d. o. o., Zagreb, Stamac Ozanic Marija , Kamenov Zeljka ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: October 2020

The main purpose of this study was to examine gender and age differences in social anxiety and the metric characteristics of the Croatian version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (1). The study was conducted on a representative sample of 1000 citizens of the Republic of Croatia using Hendal’s online research panel. The results show that the fear subscale explains 52.1% of the variance for fear and the avoidance subscale explains 47.5% for avoidance. Four of the same factors were obtained on both scales; matching in 20 of the 24 statements, and three factors could be called by the same name as the factors from the original Liebowitz scale. The results of all seven proposed questionnaire measures indicate a statistically significantly higher score for women compared with men and for younger people compared with the elderly, with average effect sizes for overall results, and a proportion of socially anxious participants (14.4%) that was similar to the literature data. In conclusion, the scale can be considered adequate and applicable in further research.
Application of Music Therapy in Promoting Maternal Attachment and Self-perceived Parental Competence in Mothers at Risk
Authors:   Centre for Autism Osijek, Osijek, Hojsak Marina , Katusic Ana ,   Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: October 2020

Early experience of emotional communication contributes to the attachment between mother and infant and has an impact on the child’s neurological, social, and emotional development. By applying music therapy activities aimed at parent-child interaction, it is possible to create experiences in which the mother and child share the rhythm, tempo, melody, and pitch of their voices, what are all intrinsic elements of the early attachment process. The aim of this paper was to explore the possibility of applying music therapy in promoting maternal attachment and self-perceived parental competence in mothers at risk. The study was conducted on a sample of three mothers and their infants who were enrolled in a music therapy program once a week for 10 weeks. Before and after conducting music therapy, the mothers completed the Maternal Postnatal Affection Scale and the Parental Sense of Competence Scale. The obtained results indicate the positive outcomes of music therapy in enhancing maternal attachment in mothers at risk as well as the level of selfperceived competence in parental role. Music therapy intervention can be integrated as a therapeutic approach aimed at enhancing attachment in the mother-infant dyad and at fostering parental competence in mothers at-risk.
ANALISIS PROSPEK DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA JASA SYARIAH
Authors: Siregar Lia Vebrina , Rokan Mustopa Kamal , Harahap Isnaini
Published: October 2020

AbstractPublic awareness to run shari'ah in life gives laundry entrepreneurs opportunity to open a syariah-based laundry service business. Islamic laundry service businesses have very good prospects if they use a strategy that is in line with the company. This study aims to see how the prospects and strategies carried out by Shari'ah-based laundry services in Medan. The method used in this study is a SWOT analysis. After conducting research, the Shari'a-based laundry service business has very good prospects in terms of increasing turnover, increasing the number of consumers and broad market share. Shari'ah laundry service business has the prospect of developing, therefore one of the strategies that can be done is to open a branch of the company in order to improve service, and also improve the quality and trust of consumers. Keyword : Shari’ah Laundry, Strategy, SWOT Analysis Abstrak            Kesadaran masyarakat untuk menjalankan syari’ah dalam kehidupan memberi peluang kepada pengusaha laundry untuk membuka usaha jasa laundry berbasis syari’ah. Usaha jasa laundry syariah memiliki prospek yang sangat baik jika menggunakan strategi yang sesuai dengan perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana prospek dan strategi yang dilakukan usaha jasa laundry berbasis syari’ah di kota Medan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis SWOT. Setelah dilakukan penelitian, usaha jasa laundry berbasis syari’ah memiliki prospek yang sangat baik baik dilihat dari segi peningkatan omzet, peningkatan jumlah konsumen dan pangsa pasar yang luas. Perusahaan jasa laundry syari’ah memiliki prospek untuk berkembang, untuk itu salah satu strategi yang dapat dilakukan adalah membuka cabang perusahaan dalam rangka meningkatkan pelayanan, dan juga meningkatkan kualitas dan kepercayaan konsumen.Kata Kunci : Laundry syari’ah, Prospek, SWOT
KESADARAN KONSUMEN MENGGUNAKAN KOSMETIK HALAL SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP BRAND HOLISTIC
Authors: Hasibuan Sri Wahyuni , Nasution M Yasir , Siregar Saparuddin
Published: October 2020

AbstractIndonesia as a supplier of halal cosmetics is inferior to other halal cosmetics providers. This is due to the disintegration of functional, emotional, and spiritual aspects of cosmetics, which can result in low consumer awareness. This research is an explanatory research using variance-based SEM approach. The results showed that consumer awareness of using halal cosmetics is due to knowledge, beliefs, experience, and information about cosmetics. Consumer awareness of using halal cosmetics has a positive and significant effect on brand holism. This awareness is due to the integration of the brand holistic elements in cosmetics, namely (1) it does not conflict with the principle of trust; (2) beautiful and healthy; (3) using natural ingredients; (4) care for the environment and reject exploitation; (5) free of animal fat; (6) clean manufacturing process; (7) strict supervision of label / logo certification; (8) does not cause dependency; (9) provide peace of mind, body and soul; (10) exposure according to reality; (11) and can be used various human backgrounds. So it is recommended for cosmetics companies to be able to strengthen their brands and be able to compete in the global market, it is very important to integrate all these elements in their brands. Keywords: Awareness, Halal Cosmetics, Brand Holistic Abstrak Indonesia sebagai pemasok kosmetik halal kalah dengan negara penyedia kosmetik halal lainnya. Hal ini disebabkan terjadinya disintegrasi antara aspek fungsional, emosional, dan spiritual pada kosmetik, yang dapat mengakibatkan rendahnya kesadaran konsumen.. Penelitian ini termasuk explanatory research dengan menggunakan penedekatan SEM berbasis variance. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran konsumen menggunakan kosmetik halal disebabkan karena pengetahuan, keyakinan, pengalaman, dan informasi tentang kosmetik tersebut. Kesadaran konsumen menggunakan kosmetik halal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap brand holistic. Kesadaran ini disebabkan terintegrasinya unsur-unsur brand holistic pada kosmetik tersebut, yaitu (1) tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip kepercayaan; (2) indah dan sehat; (3) menggunakan bahan-bahan alami; (4) peduli lingkungan dan menolak eksploitasi; (5) bebas dari lemak hewani; (6) proses pembuatan yang bersih; (7) pengawasan yang ketat terhadap sertifikasi label/logo; (8) tidak menyebabkan ketergantungan; (9) memberikan ketenangan akal pikiran, jiwa dan raga; (10) pemaparan yang sesuai dengan kenyataan; (11) dan dapat digunakan berbagai latar belakang manusia. Maka disarankan bagi perusahaan kosmetik agar dapat memperkokoh brandnya dan dapat bersaing pada pasar global, sangat penting mengintegrasikan semua unsur ini pada mereknya. Kata Kunci: Kesadaran, Kosmetik Halal, Brand Holistic
Formación de la competencia comunicativa intercultural en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras
Authors: Iakovleva Svetlana
Published: October 2020

El artículo trata del problema de la formación de la competencia comunicativa intercultural (CCI) en clases de lenguas extranjeras a nivel superior en México. Se analizan el objeto y los objetivos de estudio, se formula la definición del concepto de CCI, se describen sus componentes, así como los aspectos cognitivo, pragmático y pedagógico y los principios para formar la CCI. Se señalan las sugerencias para seleccionar los contenidos de materiales didácticos, en especial, de unidades léxicas, y la metodología de mini entrenamientos en clases de lenguas extranjeras (LE). La implementación de los ejercicios elaborados para desarrollar la producción oral y escrita en LE desde la perspectiva del enfoque comunicativo será de utilidad para los profesores de LE a nivel superior.
A Prática como lócus de Produção de Saberes: vozes de professores sobre formação inicial e práticas escolares cotidianas
Authors: Oliveira Sonia Maria Soares de , Araújo Fátima Maria Leitão , Silva Carlos Diogo Mendonça da
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo é um excerto de uma pesquisa mais ampla, na qual investigamos os saberes e práticas de professores da educação básica. A escrita foca a prática docente, entendendo-a como lócus importante de produção e ressignificação de saberes. Analisamos a complexidade dos saberes da prática professoral e como o cotidiano forja tais saberes. Neste sentido, as reflexões que trazemos nesta escrita, vão ao encontro da perspectiva que vê a docência como uma prática profissional situada, sendo o professor um sujeito ativo e que ressignifica e intervém nos fazeres de sua profissão. Por meio de depoimentos de professores de História do ensino médio público da cidade de Maranguape, no estado do Ceará, foi possível aferir que o fazer diário do ofício docente constitui lócus de formação incontestável para a definição da identidade profissional docente, revelando as lacunas deixadas pela formação inicial, mostrando, assim, o caráter formador da prática do ato de ensinar.
Formulasi dan Uji Sifat Fisik Sediaan Lulur Krim dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) serta Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidannya
Authors: Hakim Zainur Rahman , Meliana Dewi , Utami Pri Iswati
Published: October 2020

Ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai konsentrasi hambat 50 (IC50) sebesar 14,48 µg/mL.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan aktivitas antioksidan dari lulur krim ekstrak etanol daun sirsak. Serbuk kering daun sirsak diekstraksi dengan etanol 70% kemudian dibuat formula lulur krim dengan konsentrasi 1,4%, 2,8%, dan 4,2% lalu dilakukan uji sifat fisiknya. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lulur krim ekstrak daun sirsak pada semua konsentrasi memenuhi semua persyaratan uji sifat fisik sediaan topikal yang baik. Hal ini meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, viskositas, pH, daya sebar dan daya lekat. Nilai IC50 lulur krim ekstrak etanol daun sirsak dengan konsentrasi 1,4%; 2,8%; dan 4,2% adalah 30,72; 26,82; dan 24,03 µg/mL. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sediaan lulur krim ekstrak daun sirsak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan atau penangkapan radikal bebas dengan kategori sangat aktif.
“Maybe English first and then Balinese and Bahasa Indonesia”: A case of language shift, attrition, and preference
Authors: Bonafix Siana Linda , Manara Christine
Published: October 2020

This small-scale qualitative study aims to explore the participants’ view of languages acquired, learned, and used in their family in an Indonesian context. The two participants were Indonesians who came from multilingual and mixed-cultural family background. The study explores three research questions: 1) What are the languages acquired (by the participants’ family members), co-existed, and/or shift in the family of the two speakers? 2) What factors affect the dynamicity of these languages? 3) How do the participants perceive their self-identity? The qualitative data were collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed to be analyzed using thematic analysis. The study detects local language shift to Indonesian from one generation to the next in the participants’ family. The data also shows several factors for valorizing particular languages than the others. These factors include socioeconomic factor, education, frequency of contact, areas of upbringing (rural or urban) and attitude towards the language. The study also reveals that both participants identify their self-identity based on the place where they were born and grew up instead of their linguistic identity.
Promoting students’ critical thinking through reading strategy instruction in a reading class
Authors: Rani K.R. Vinitha
Published: October 2020

This study examined the application of Reading Strategy Instruction (RSI) in a reading class to promote the critical thinking skills of the second language learners. It aims to find out (1) the critical thinking elements in the questions formulated by the participants before the application of RSI, and (2) the critical thinking elements found in the (a) three selected questions, (b) answers, and (c) reflections written by the participants after the application of RSI. This study included sixteen grade 11 participants of a bilingual school in Jakarta, aged between 16 to 18 years old. The participants underwent two stages (1) before the application of RSI, and (2) after the application of RSI. The RSI applied in this study was a modification of Rothstein & Santana’s (2014) “Question Formulation Technique” and Alder’s (2001) comprehension strategies in answering questions. The collected data were analysed by using the modified critical thinking indicators proposed by Mason (1991) and Henri (1992). The results of the study revealed that applying RSI in the reading class was beneficial in promoting the participants’ critical thinking skills. RSI helped the participants to (i) think differently, (ii) use prior background knowledge, (iii) question the facts given in the text, (iv) identify the issues given in the text, (v) give valid solutions to the problem, (vi) connect themselves with the text and the world, and (vii) justify their arguments using valid examples.
PERAN MEDIASI PENGUNGKAPAN LINGKUNGAN PADA PENGARUH KINERJA LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: DAROMES Fransiskus Eduardus
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of environmental performance on firm value both directly and through environmental disclosure. Population used is the whole company listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2014-2018. Number of samples are 10 firms each year, were selected by purposive sampling method and using secondary data, i.e. the annual report, PROPER and sustainability report. The analytical methods used are path analysis and hypotesis mediation analysed by using sobel test. Statistical test shows that environmental performance has positive and significant effect on environmental disclosure. Environmental performance and environmental disclosure have positive and significant effect on firm value. This research also shows environmental disclosure mediates the effect of environmental performance on firm value
HUBUNGAN STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN DAN KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI PADA BADAN USAHA SEKTOR INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2011 – 2013
Authors: Setiawan Yan Christianto
Published: October 2020

Pada tahun 2002, McKinsey & Co melakukan survei yang hasilnya menyatakan bahwa investor cenderung menghindari perusahaan dengan predikat buruk dalam corporate governance. Laporan Keuangan adalah salah satu instrumen yang penting dalam mewujudkan good corporate governance. Kualitas laporan keuangan dapat dilihat melalui karakteristik-karakteristik yang dianut oleh laporan keuangan tersebut. Salah satu dari karakteristik – karakteristik tersebut adalah konservatisme akuntansi. Konservatisme sebagai sebuah fasilitas yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dari kontrak antara principal dengan agent, tentu sangat dipengaruhi besarnya oleh siapa dan berapa banyak pemilik (principal) dari perusahaan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan struktur kepemilikan dan konservatisme akuntansi. Dalam penelitian ini, populasi yang digunakan adalah seluruh badan usaha yang bergerak di sektor industri manufaktur dan terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2011 - 2013. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive / judgement. Pengujian ini menggunakan teknik regresi fixed effect dengan struktur data panel. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat hubungan positif antara pemegang saham terbesar maupun pemegang saham pengendali dan konservatisme akuntansi (2) terdapat hubungan positif antara keluarga sebagai pemegang saham terbesar maupun sebagai pemegang saham pengendali dan konservatisme akuntansi (3) tidak terdapat hubungan antara non keluarga sebagai pemegang saham terbesar dan konservatisme akuntansi, namun terdapat hubungan negatif ketika non keluarga menjadi pemegang saham pengendali dan konservatisme akuntansi (4) kehadiran blockholder tidak berhubungan signifikan untuk mengurangi preferensi dari pemegang saham terbesar dan konservatisme akuntansi pada keseluruhan sampel maupun sub sampel non keluarga, namun terdapat hubungan negatif pada sub sampel ketika keluarga menjadi pemegang saham terbesar.

Kata kunci : konservatisme, tata kelola perusahaan, struktur kepemilikan
Linguistic and social constraints on the variable palatalization of alveolar stops by derived [i] in a variety of Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Gutierres Athany , Battisti Elisa
Published: October 2020

In this paper we analyze the variable regressive palatalization of /t, d/ in a variety of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) in contact with Italian dialects. We follow Coetzee’s (2016) assumptions regarding the distinctive effects of grammatical and non-grammatical factors on the grammar. The aim of the study is to test such claims with Noisy-HG (BOERSMA; PATER, 2008; COETZEE, 2012; 2016; COETZEE; KAWAHARA, 2013). Palatalization in BP affects /t, d/ and it is triggered by a following underived /i/ (t/i/jolo ‘brick’, d/i/nheiro ‘money’) or derived [i] from /e/ in unstressed word positions (t/e/atro ® t[i]atro ‘theater’, nád/e/ga ® nád[i]ga ‘buttock’). We focus on palatalization triggered by derived [i]. Besides tokens of non-palatalized consonant plus non-raised vowel ([te]atro, ná[de]ga) and of palatalized consonant plus raised vowel ([ʧi]atro, ná[ʤi]ga), the data set comprises tokens of non-palatalized consonant plus raised vowel ([ti]atro, ná[di]ga), an innovation of the analysis regarding prior studies (BATTISTI; DORNELLES FILHO, 2010; GUTIERRES; BATTISTI; DORNELLES FILHO, 2018). The data were extracted from sociolinguistic interviews by Battisti et al. (2007). The linguistic constraints interacting in the grammar of palatalization come from Battisti and Dornelles Filho (2010). The analysis demonstrates that a non-grammatical factor as ‘place of residence’ works as a scaling factor on faithfulness constraints, moving their weights up or down and so affecting the variable raising of /e/, a process that feeds palatalization.
Delayed acute subdural hematoma treated with endoscopic procedure: A case report
Authors: Kuge Atsushi , Kondo Rei , Mitobe Yuta , Yamaki Tetsu , Sato Shinji , Saito Shinjiro , Sonoda Yukihiko
Published: October 2020

Background:

Delayed acute subdural hematoma (DASDH) is defined as late onset ASDH with the absence of any abnormal radiological and clinical findings at initial examination. Moreover, this entity is very rare in traumatic brain injury and its mechanism is still unclear. Recently, endoscopic surgery for ASDH has also been performed. In this case, we describe some considerations of the mechanism of DASDH and review previous literature and usefulness of endoscopic surgical procedure for ASDH.

Case Description:

A 73-year-old man fell at night, and visited a former medical institution by himself. No abnormal neurological finding was detected. Head computed tomography (CT) detected no abnormal finding. He was diagnosed minor head injury and was hospitalized at midnight and discharged after brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) next day. Brain MRI also detected no abnormal findings. Three days later, he visited our hospital himself, because of the severe headache. Neurologically, he had a mild consciousness disturbance and head CT revealed left ASDH. We performed endoscopic evacuation of hematoma under local anesthesia. Then, the clot was evacuated under the endoscopic procedure through dilated burr hole and pulsatile bleeding from the cortical artery was observed, which was considered to be the source of the ASDH. The patient’s consciousness disturbance was improved immediately after surgery and he discharged without neurological deficit.

Conclusion:

We revealed the source of bleeding of DASDH under endoscopic procedure and described hypothesis and speculation of its cause in our case. DASDH is rare entity, so we need further experiences and more considerations.
Poésie intégrée aux arts visuels: une étude de cas sur la créativité / Integrating Poetry to Visual Arts: a Creativity Case-Study
Authors: Robichaud Lise
Published: October 2020

Résumé : Cette étude exploratoire vise à réfléchir sur la créativité en examinant la place de la poésie dans une pratique artistique en arts visuels. Trois stratégies de développement de la créativité y sont présentées et on souligne l’importance de faire place à la rêverie pour créer.  De genre autobiographique, l’auteure analyse plusieurs de ses productions artistiques réalisées dans le cadre de symposiums, de résidence d’artiste et d’exposition. Il en ressort des pistes d’intégration de la poésie aux arts visuels qui pourraient s’avérer pertinentes pour le  domaine de l’éducation.Mots-clés: Arts visuels; créativité; éducation artistique; poésie.Abstract: This exploratory research is meant as a reflection on creativity by studying the role of poetry within the practice of visual arts. It describes three creativity development strategies and stresses the importance of mind-wandering and imagination in the creative process.  Adopting an autobiographic style, the author analyses several of her artworks created in residency and for exhibits.  It proposes ways of integrating poetry to visual arts, which could be relevant in education.Keywords: Visual Arts; Creativity; Art Education; Poetry.
Faith, Hope & Love: Postscript on Interprofessional Processes for Innovating Generation / Foi, espoir et amour : postscript sur les processus interprofessionnels de génération novatrice
Authors: Sameshima Pauline , Wiebe Sean
Published: October 2020

Abstract: Universities Canada, Canada Council, and numerous sources urge the development of creativity and innovation capacity by leveraging broad interdisciplinary approaches, collaboration, and partnerships and networking; however, the relational mechanics of working together on interdisciplinary teams and in combinatory partnerships remain equivocal. Drawing on health care practices of interprofessional education, the authors present three tenets, a currere of team collaboration. They offer eight collaboratively created ekphrastic poems written for a curated international touring printmakers’ art exhibition and use their poetry writing process as a generative learning strategy and example for explaining how to frame a path to authentic collaboration.Keywords: Interdisciplinary research; Poetic inquiry; Ekphrasis; Collaborative research; Interprofessional education; Currere. Résumé : Universités Canada, le Conseil des arts du Canada et plusieurs sources prônent le développement de la créativité et de la capacité d’innovation par le biais de vastes approches interdisciplinaires, de la collaboration, de partenariats et de réseautage. Mais la mécanique relationnelle de la collaboration au sein d’équipes interdisciplinaires et de partenariats combinatoires demeure équivoque. S’inspirant de pratiques d’éducation interprofessionnelle dans le domaine de la santé, les auteurs proposent trois principes fondamentaux et un examen réflexif du travail en équipe. Ils présentent huit poèmes ekphrasiques écrits en collaboration en vue d’une exposition internationale itinérante de graveurs et proposent ce procédé d’écriture de poèmes comme stratégie d’apprentissage générative. Ils utilisent ce processus pour expliquer la façon d’accéder à une véritable collaboration.Mots-clés : recherche interdisciplinaire, questionnement poétique, ekphrasis, recherche concertée, éducation interprofessionnelle, examen réflexif.
Art Education and Development of the Poetic Voice / Éducation artistique et développement de la voie poétique
Authors: Ruebsaat Gisela , McLeod Heather
Published: October 2020

Editorial / L'éditorial
Awareness about the effect of stress on muscles among undergraduate students
Authors: Shifa Jawahar Ali  , Gayatri Devi R  , Gifrina Jayaraj
Published: October 2020

Stress affects the body in many ways and causes various damages to the body. Some of the effects include headache, heart problems, fatigue, reduced memory, asthma and insomnia. When the body is stressed, muscles tense up as a reflex action to protect the body against injury. Chronic stress will cause the muscles in the body to be in a state of constant and leads to stiffness of muscles. This causes muscle pain. The aim of this study is to analyze the awareness level about the effect of stress on muscles in undergraduate students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate students to evaluate the awareness about the effect of stress on muscles. The study population in the study are undergraduate students with a sample size of 100. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions and was shared to undergraduate students using the online survey platform. The results were obtained and statistically analyzed through SPSS software. 82% of the participants said that they had experienced muscle pain, and the remaining 18% have not experienced muscle pain. 40% of the participants get headaches when stressed, 30% do not, and the other 30% sometimes get headaches when stressed. From the results obtained, we can conclude that a moderate level of awareness is seen in undergraduate students about the effect of stress on muscles. More awareness is required among students.
Association of Age, Tooth related and Gender distribution in patients undergoing Prefabricated Metal Post
Authors: Vaishnavi Sivakali Subramanian  , Pradeep S  , Aravind Kumar S
Published: October 2020

A root canal treatment will have a loss of coronal and radicular tooth structure. This will affect the anchorage of the teeth. Therefore, post- retained crowns are indicated to prevent fracture. The study aims to associate age, tooth-related and gender distribution in patients undergoing prefabricated metal post after root canal treatment. The details of the 86,000 patient records were reviewed and analysed from DIAS (dental information archiving system), out of which 451 case records of the patients who underwent prefabricated posts after root canal treatment were retrieved. The collected data were cross-verified and compiled together in an excel sheet. Compiled data were statistically analysed with the help of SPSS software (23.0). In this study, we can contemplate that there is a significant association between age and type of teeth underwent prefabricated metal posts, l8-30 yrs of age group patients had more posts after root canal treatment compared with other age groups (p<0.05). On comparing the gender to the type of teeth which had posted after root canal treatment, female patients had more number of posts compared to male patients. There is a significant difference seen (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of the study, maxillary premolars are predominantly used prefabricated metal post in females. Mandibular molars are commonly treated among male patients and maximum metal post are given after root canal treatment in less than 40 years of age as the masticatory forces are more, so to support the remaining tooth structure rigid posts are required after root canal treatment.
对建筑工程造价控制的存在问题及对策分析
Authors: 王 平
Published: October 2020

中国的基建越来越完善，建筑业迅速发展，而工程造价的管理一直是行业内较为被人们关注的问题，因为其是一个动态的管理过程，也是工程中每个环节所花费的费用都需要精准的核算。无论是预算、核算、估算还是施工的结算，在这个动态的过程中都需要做好审核，在工程的造价中要做好管理工作。由于影响工程造价的因素很多，可能会有外部的政策变动影响工程的造价问题，需要了解多领域的专业知识。在未来的建筑工程造价管理的发展前景中，需要多培养一些建筑业和财会业的专业人才。
水泥粉磨系统生产工艺技术的管理
Authors: 钟 玻
Published: October 2020

水泥粉磨系统包括众多工艺环节，对各个工艺环节的具体实施进行分析与讨论，对工艺环节的问题发现有积极的作用。在发现问题的基础上强调工艺技术的管理，有效的解决工艺存在的具体问题，这对于水泥粉磨系统的具体生产有突出的现实价值。简单来讲，水泥粉磨系统生产工艺技术的管理研究与讨论对于工艺技术问题解决和生产进步有突出的现实价值，所以论文针对相关内容进行分析，旨在为实践提供帮助与指导。
浅谈水闸工程中操作机电设备的注意事项
Authors: 李 兴德
Published: October 2020

机电设备是水利工程的一项重要组成内容，其运行情况关系到整个水利工程的安全与稳定。但目前，机电设备在运行中仍存在诸多问题。其中，水闸作为水利工程的重要组成部分，其机电设备更是需要引起我们的足够重视。
探讨 ITIL 的烟草企业信息化运维管理模式应用
Authors: 王 明杰
Published: October 2020

随着社会发展和信息技术的进步，企业中的每项工作都开始广泛地应用信息化系统。对于企业而言，需要重点考虑信息化系统运行是否正常、IT 运维服务及管理的应用是否有效等问题。论文主要运用 ITIL 管理思想，立足于烟草企业，通过对烟草企业信息化运维管理方式的积极探索，确保烟草企业运维管理合理有效，进而实现企业管理及信息化的深度融合。
注射用艾司奥美拉唑钠处方筛选研究
Authors: 左 沛东
Published: October 2020

艾司奥美拉唑钠为白色或类白色粉末；无臭；有引湿性。在水中极易溶解，在甲醇中易溶解，在乙醇中溶解。艾司奥美拉唑钠遇光易变色，在高湿、光照、氧化等条件下均不稳定。艾司奥美拉唑钠水溶液的稳定性对 pH 值有很强的依赖性，随 pH值的下降降解程度增加。参考原研公司耐信粉针处方组成，设计了几个不同组成的处方，考察螯合剂不同种类与用量，赋形剂对处方的影响，对药液中间体、冻干后的成品进行考察，并进行影响因素试验，最终确认的处方组成。
中晚期癌症患者实施中医护理临床路径后灵性健康促进的效果及提高灵性安适程度分析
Authors: 陈 华利
Published: October 2020

目的：分析中晚期癌症患者实施中医护理临床路径后灵性健康促进的效果及提高灵性安适程度。方法：选取我院中晚期癌症患者 90 例（2018 年 4 月至 2019 年 10 月），随机分为常规护理的对照组（45 例）与中医护理临床路径的观察组（45 例），观察患者灵性健康及疼痛情况。结果：与对照组相比，观察组 FACT-G 量表各维度评分高，FACIT-Sp 量表评分高，NRS评分低，P ＜ 0.05。结论：中医护理临床路径应用于中晚期癌症患者中，能促进患者灵性健康，减轻患者疼痛症状，提高灵性安适程度，值得借鉴。
一次性根管治疗术对急性牙髓炎的临床效果及对提高患者依从性分析
Authors: 郑 义
Published: October 2020

目的：探讨急性牙髓炎患者选用一次性根管治疗术的价值。方法：选 2019.02-2020.05 区间收治 64 例急性牙髓炎患者研究，均分为 2 组（随机信封法），对照组 32 例选用常规根管治疗术，观察组 32 例选用一次性根管治疗术，统计两组疼痛程度、临床总有效率、并发症率、临床指标。结果：观察组术后疼痛程度低于对照组，统计值 P ＜ 0.05。观察组临床总有效率（96.87%）高于对照组（81.25%），统计值 x2=4.0100，P ＜ 0.05。观察组并发症率（9.37%）低于对照组（31.25%），统计值 x2=4.7300，P ＜ 0.05。观察组 CRP、IL-6、TNF-α 低于对照组，依从性高于对照组，统计值 P ＜ 0.05。结论：将一次性根管治疗术应用在急性牙髓炎治疗中，可改善机体炎症水平，降低并发症率及疼痛程度，提高患者治疗依从性，值得借鉴。
阿奇霉素治疗小儿呼吸道疾病疗效观察
Authors: 王 继 , 宾 松涛
Published: October 2020

目的：主要对小儿呼吸道疾病实施阿奇霉素进行治疗，对其具体临床效果实施详细的分析。方法：选择 2018 年 12 月至 2019年 8 月在中国昆明市儿童医院进行诊断以及收治的 62 例患有呼吸道感染的患儿实施具体临床研究。把这些收治的 62 例患儿进行均匀以及随机的分组，分为实验组（患者为 31 例）以及对照组（患者为 31 例）。关于实验组的呼吸道感染患者实施阿奇霉素治疗，关于对照组当中呼吸道感染的儿童实施红霉素治疗。结果：观察组当中患者的治疗有效率要远远地高于对照组，不良反应的发生率和对照组相比较要低很多，症状改善花费的时间也要远远的短于对照组。结论：在对患有呼吸道疾病的患儿实施阿奇霉素治疗，可以使其疾病得到有效的控制，症状得到非常迅速的改善，安全性比较高，应用价值比较高的。
肺癌诊断的进展：分子生物学对支气管镜诊断的贡献
Authors: 王 东海 , 任 孟先 , 江 后洲 , 赵 友飞 , 刘 冬
Published: October 2020

近年来，基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学的重大进展改变了我们对肺癌发病机理的分子机制的理解，并正在彻底改变我们的诊断和治疗方法。虽然这些技术传统上被描述为对手术切除的肿瘤进行大体积活检，但重大的技术进步使它们可以应用于支气管镜下获得的较小样本，这通常是晚期肺癌唯一可用的样本。使用先进的分子技术进行组织学检查的手段包括：通过荧光原位杂交技术对非小细胞肺癌的早期诊断和筛查；通过新的免疫组织化学标记进行准确的组织学诊断以及靶向和常规化疗药物的预后和反应预测。分子生物学技术越来越多地应用于较小的活检标本，使其在晚期不可切除的非小细胞肺癌中的应用成为可能。
抗生素不合理应用常见现象分析及对策
Authors: 鲜 致远 , 魏 开
Published: October 2020

中国的社会经济以及科技水平一直在持续的提高，进而使医疗水平也得到了较大的提高。当前，中国的医疗卫生事业在发展以及进步的过程中，对抗生素的应用也变得越来越多。但是，纵观实际的治疗过程，发现存在非常多不合理的使用情况，特别是普通家庭对儿童使用时，最终造成不良反应事件的出现，对患者的身心健康造成严重的损害，严重影响患者的治愈率。论文主要对抗生素的不合理使用进行简单的分析，并对其提出针对性的措施，希望可以给大家带去一些启发。
腹腔镜下腹股沟疝修补术的临床应用与术式选择
Authors: 朱 培亭 , 靳 猛
Published: October 2020

目的：对腹股沟疝修的患者实施腹腔镜手术，对其临床应用进行简单的探讨。方法：选择 2018 年 10 月至 2019 年 10 月在我院进行诊断以及收治的 200 例患有腹股沟疝疾病的患者，将其分为对照组（患者为 100 例）以及观察组（患者为 100 例）。对照组的患者实施 TEP 治疗，观察组的患者实施 TAPP 治疗，关于两组患者的手术时间以及手术效果进行详细地比较。结果：通过手术治疗之后，观察组当中的患者取得了比较成功的治疗，成功率达到了 100%，对照组当中的患者成功治愈了 98 例，其中 1 例患者转为开腹手术进行治疗，1 例患者转为 TAPP 进行治疗，成功率为 98%。除此之外，关于患者的住院时间方面，对照组的住院时间和观察组相比较明显比较高。结论：TAPP 以及 TEP 在目前属于治疗腹股沟疝当中比较常用的手术方法。与 TAPP 相比较，TEP 具备的风险比较小，医疗机构在使用的过程中对其都比较重视。在具体选择的过程中，医务人员一定要对患者的具体差异进行考虑，以保障所选方法的合理化。
排兵布阵法在腔镜手术空间管理中的应用
Authors: 张 玉
Published: October 2020

目的：主要在腔镜手术空间管理中实施排兵布阵法，并对其具体应用进行简单的探讨。方法：选择在我院进行诊断以及治疗的 50 例需要实施腔镜手术的患者作为此次的研究对象，进行均匀以及随机的分组：对照组（25 例患者），对其实施比较常规的腔镜手术空间管理；观察组（患者为 25 例），对其实施比较常规的管理以及排兵布阵法管理等，对两组患者的效果以及满意度进行比较。结果：观察组在摆放姿势以及划皮等所花费的时间和对照组相比较是比较少的，并且对医疗队伍的满意程度也比较良好，要高于对照组，具备差异性，统计学意义非常明显。结论：对这些患者在实施常规管理的基础上加上排兵布阵法会花费较少的时间，并且获得较高的满意度，因此值得在后续的治疗中进行使用。
腹腔镜下胆囊切除术及并发症分析
Authors: 王 伟元 , 刘 涛
Published: October 2020

目的：主要针对腹腔镜下胆囊切除术之后出现的具体并发症进行探讨，并给出具体治疗方法。方法：选择 2018 年 1 月至2019 年 1 月在我院实施胆囊切除术的 70 例患有胆囊炎的患者，对其分为实验组（患者为 35 例）以及对照组（患者为 35 例）。对这些患者实施内镜下的具体胆囊切除术，关于实验组的患者实施多种方法进行治疗，降低并发症的出现；关于对照组的患者实施比较常规的方式进行治疗，对所有患者的病例报告实施回顾性的具体分析。结果：对两组腹腔镜下实施胆囊切除术的患者实施不同的治疗方法，并对其并发症以及结果实施分析以及比较。关于试验组当中的患者出现胆管损伤的人数为 2 例，由于手术问题造成的胆瘘患者为 1 例，手术当中出现大出血的患者为 1 例。关于对照组当中的患者出现胆管损伤的人数为 8 例，由于手术问题造成的胆瘘患者为 6 例，手术当中出现大出血的患者为 6 例，两组患者在并发症发生率方面存在差异性，具备统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。结论：在手术的过程中，一定要熟练相应的操作程序，保障手术技术规范化，具备比较扎实的手术技巧，这样才可以使术后的并发症发生率大大地降低。
中医药内服外用治疗膝骨性关节炎的研究进展
Authors: 豆 本朋 , 罗 宗键
Published: October 2020

中医药治疗膝关节骨性关节炎有着独特的优势。论文总结近 5 年中药内服、中医外治等治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的新进展，为中医药治疗提供更多思路与借鉴。
对单纯白内障手术治疗合并白内障的闭角型青光眼的疗效评价
Authors: 李 龙
Published: October 2020

合并白内障的闭角型青光眼致盲率较高，是近年来常见的临床眼部疾病之一。闭角型青光眼是指小梁网被周边巩膜堵塞，造成眼内部压力升高从而导致房水无法外流，形成了永久性粘连现象。造成闭角型青光眼的主要因素是由于眼球局部的解剖异常，现阶段对合并白内障的闭角型青光眼很多眼科医生采用单纯白内障手术进行治疗。通过科学合理的手术方案可以有效改善患者的视力，控制好眼内部压力。论文对单纯白内障手术治疗合并白内障的闭角型青光眼的治疗效果与治疗方式进行研究分析，选取近年来我院眼科收治的 100 例合并白内障的闭角型青光眼患者的临床治疗资料进行回顾性分析，对治疗方式以及治疗效果进行对比，并得出了有效结论。即通过单纯白内障手术或小梁切除术可以有效治疗合并白内障的闭角型青光眼，降低眼压，提高患者的实力。治疗效果好于白内障摘除合并人工晶状体植入术，且单纯白内障手术治疗的效果好，可以有效降低患者的医疗成本，恢复时间快，有效提高患者的生活质量，但是在进行治疗时要注意选择适应症。
三阴性乳腺癌的治疗进展
Authors: 张 伟 , 任 孟先 , 刘 冬 , 赵 友飞 , 周 飞
Published: October 2020

由于三阴性乳腺癌患者预后较差，所以论文总结近年来三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）综合治疗的研究进展，以提高对该病的认识和治疗水平。TNBC 因其治疗缺乏靶向受体，较其他分型的乳腺癌具有侵袭性强、复发转移早的特点，治疗方案目前仍为手术治疗为主，辅以化疗、放疗等的综合治疗。随着分子机制研究的不断深入，包括雄激素受体阳性的内分泌治疗、靶向药物治疗等为 TNBC 的治疗提供了一些新的想法。