bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NSAID Enteropathy: A Review of the Disease Entity and Its Distinction from Crohn’s Enteropathy
Authors: Raju Smita Esther , Singh Rajvinder , Raju Mahima
Published: July 2019

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced enteropathy is an increasingly recognized entity. Patients of older age and those suffering from conditions such as arthritis requiring long term NSAIDs are thought to be at greater risk. Introduction of enteroscopic techniques has greatly improved understanding of NSAID-related small intestinal injury. Complementary high-resolution cross-sectional imaging techniques aid in initial evaluation and for exclusion of alternative etiology. Erosions, superficial ulcerations, and short segment strictures are the most commonly described findings. The diagnosis of the condition lies in obtaining relevant history in addition to a high degree of suspicion during investigation of anemia, obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, small bowel obstruction, and protein losing enteropathy. Herein, the authors present a review of pathogenesis and imaging findings of NSAID enteropathy with particular emphasis on distinction from Crohn’s enteropathy.
Radioanatomical Study of the Pedicle of the Superficial Circumflex Iliac Perforator Flap
Authors: Gentileschi Stefano , Servillo Maria , De Bonis Francesca , Albanese Roberta , Pino Valentina , Mangialardi Maria Lucia , Valente Iacopo , Garganese Giorgia , Scambia Giovanni , Salgarello Marzia , Cina Alessandro
Published: July 2019

Background The superficial circumflex iliac perforator (SCIP) flap has many ideal features, such as fast dissection, possibility to harvest thin, pliable, wide skin island, and concealed donor site scar. In spite of these features, its use was limited because of the wide anatomical variation of the pedicle, which is relatively shorter and has a smaller caliber than other more popular perforator flaps. Several names were given to the branches and perforators in the literature, thus adding confusion to the understanding of its anatomy.

Methods We performed a surgical and a radioanatomical study of the SCIP pedicles analyzing high-resolution contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of 95 groins, with particular attention to the deep branch (DB) of the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA). Twenty-three of these patients were also studied by detecting the surgical anatomy during SCIP flap harvest. We employed a system of coordinates based on the line between pubic tubercle (PT) and anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to describe the position of the perforator of the DB.

Results We found a 100% correlation between surgical and radiological findings. The length of the DB from the origin to the point in which its perforator pierced the sartorius fascia ranged from 1.6 to 6.5 cm, mean = 3.62 ± 0.92 cm. The distance between the origin of the DB and the inguinal ligament ranged from 1.1 to 7.5 cm, mean = 2.8 ± 1 cm. The perforator of the DB could be found in 91% of the cases within a box of 4 cm × 3 cm drawn caudally to the line joining the PT with the ASIS. This vessel can show a vertical or horizontal course in the subcutaneous layer.

Conclusion Our findings confirm other previous studies and add new information about the position and the course of the perforator of the DB of the SCIA. Important features of the SCIP pedicles can be investigated by the color Doppler ultrasound and CT scan.
Considerations for Timing of Defect Reconstruction in Cutaneous Melanoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Namin Arya W. , Cornell Georgeanne E. , Smith Emily H. , Zitsch Robert P.
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study is to identify the incidence and characteristics of cases with positive margins on wide local excision for cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck (CMHN) and therefore provide a potential basis for selectively delaying reconstruction pending final histological clearance of melanoma. A systematic review of English language articles was performed on studies retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science. Original investigations published between July 1999 and June 2018 reporting on margin status of CMHN wide local excision specimens were included in the review. The incidence of positive margins after definitive resection for cutaneous melanoma in the literature ranges from 6 to 20.9%. The incidence is higher in cases of advanced patient age, diagnosis by shave biopsy, lentigo maligna melanoma subtype, desmoplastic subtype, tumor thickness, and ulceration. Delayed reconstruction remains the most oncologically sound decision, allowing for interpretation of margin status on paraffin-embedded tissue sections. However, resection and the resultant defect closure in a single stage is more expedient and potentially a more efficient use of resources. The risk–benefit ratio of immediate versus delayed reconstruction must be considered for each case. The incidence of positive margins is higher in cases of advanced patient age, diagnosis by shave biopsy, lentigo maligna melanoma subtype, desmoplastic subtype, increasing tumor thickness, and the presence of ulceration; delayed reconstruction should be strongly considered in these cases.
Space and time resolved measurement of surface magnetic field in high intensity short pulse laser matter interactions
Authors: Forestier-Colleoni Pierre , Batani Dimitri , Burgy Frédéric , Del Sorbo Dario , Froustey Fanny , Hulin Sébastien , d'Humières Emmanuel , Jakubowska Katarzyna , Merzeau Laurent , Mishchik Konstantin , Papp Daniel , Santos João Jorge
Published: July 2019

Magnetic fields produced by the interaction of intense laser beams on the surface of flat solid targets have been characterized. Laser probe polarimetry diagnosed the spatial and temporal evolution of the magnetic field by measuring the changes in the probe beam polarization due to Cotton-Mouton and Faraday effects at different times with respect to a pump laser pulse. The results show that 1 ps after the interaction of the pump laser with the target, a magnetic field of the order of a few MG is already present over a region ≈150 μm in diameter centered around the interaction spot. From the spatial and temporal evolutions of the magnetic field, we infer information on the resistivity of the material, showing evidence of a strongly magnetized resistivity.
Spatially resolved solid-phase temperature characterization in a sillimanite tube furnace using a broadband two-color ratio pyrometry
Authors: Deep Sneh , Jagadeesh Gopalan
Published: July 2019

Tube furnaces are heating devices used for the synthesis of inorganic and organic compounds. It is essential to predict the spatially resolved temperature of solid substances placed inside tube furnaces in contact with its walls for a fixed steady temperature of the furnace walls. This enables efficient study of transport phenomena and control of the fabrication process in the furnace. In this work, the two-color ratio pyrometry (TCRP) using a digital single lens reflex camera has been used for the temperature characterization of a stainless steel metal sheet placed at the center of a 1000 mm long tube furnace. Temperature was measured for furnace walls set between 1000 K and 1426 K. The TCRP technique accounted for intensity from the heated target over the broadband visible region. The camera was calibrated and tested for signal linearity in its color channels for a fixed source illumination. The technique yields a mean sheet temperature of 979.5 K ± ∼24% (attributed to camera noise and uncertainties in gray level intensity, calibration lamp output, and monochromator and photodetector efficiency) and 1391 K ± 6.7% for a furnace wall temperature of 1000 K and 1426 K, respectively. Experiments showed that the effect of distance between the target and the camera on temperature measurement was negligible. Emission spectroscopy in the vis-near-infrared region (650–1100 nm) was also performed to predict sheet temperature. It yields results within 4.5% of TCRP at low furnace temperature but deviates by about 8.6% for temperatures above 1150 K, most likely due to experimental errors in spectroscopy. Analytical heat balance on the sheet, IR imaging, and numerical simulations yield temperatures within 5% of TCRP. This work shows that the TCRP technique can be used for spatially resolved temperature measurements of metals in tube furnaces and can readily be extended to ceramics or other class of solid materials whose emissivity can be shown to be invariant with wavelength in the visible region.
Measurement of the temperature dependence of lattice deformations in silicon using Raman microscopy
Authors: Herold S. , Acker J.
Published: July 2019

The effect of heating and cooling in the range of 25–900 °C on the lattice deformations of diamond wire-sawn polycrystalline and scratched monocrystalline silicon surfaces was studied in detail using Raman microscopy. Mechanically treated silicon surfaces contain tensile or compressive strained silicon with varying deformation strength and areas with high-pressure silicon phases and amorphous silicon. It is shown that compressive deformed silicon relaxes after heating the sample to 600 °C, while tensile deformed silicon only relaxes after multiple heating and cooling cycles. Raman measurements during the heating and after the cooling phases reveal the individual thermal expansion and relaxation behavior of the deformed silicon states. Compressive deformed silicon relaxes during the heating phase, while tensile deformed silicon relaxes during the cooling phase. It is, therefore, possible to separately relax certain deformation states using thermal annealing without changing the topography of the surface.
Research on pulse compression energy extraction technology based on X-band energy storage switching method
Authors: Jiang Zili , Ning Hui , Jiang Tao , Xiong Zhengfeng , Liu Yingjun
Published: July 2019

A high power microwave source based on energy storage switching pulse compression technology can produce a high power microwave pulse with good repeatability and frequency stability for a long time and has a good development prospect. In order to improve the power gain, this paper studies the working characteristics of the energy extraction structure of the X-band energy storage switching pulse compression device. The theoretical analysis results show that the impedance mismatch exists in the traditional energy extraction structure after the pulse compression is transferred to the energy extraction stage and the energy extraction efficiency is not high, which results in the power gain limitation. Therefore, through theoretical calculation and simulation, an improved scheme based on output inductance diaphragm is proposed in this paper. The scheme has high power capacity and can achieve impedance matching without changing the resonant frequency of the energy storage cavity, so as to improve the power gain of the pulse compression device. The high power experimental results show that the power gain of the pulse compression device can be increased from 6.24 times to 7.22 times and the energy extraction efficiency can be increased by 17.5% by placing 17 mm slot spacing inductance diaphragm at 45 mm of the H-T arm of the waveguide, which verifies the feasibility of the improved scheme.
Evidence for a narrow band gap phase in 1T′ WS2 nanosheet
Authors: Pierucci Debora , Zribi Jihene , Livache Clément , Gréboval Charlie , Silly Mathieu G. , Chaste Julien , Patriarche Gilles , Montarnal Damien , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Ouerghi Abdelkarim , Mahler Benoit
Published: July 2019

While 1T′ phase-pure MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = Se, Te) have recently been reported to be superconductors, Weyl semimetals, or quantum spin Hall insulators, the electronic properties of phase-pure 1T′-WS2 samples are still lacking thorough investigation. Here, we report the study of single-layer 1T′-WS2 nanosheets prepared from lithium exfoliation of WS2. We confirmed the composition and structure of single layer 1T′-WS2 flakes using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The distorted octahedral structure related to the 1T′ phase with a 2a × 2a superstructure is evidenced using STEM. Photoemission and electronic measurements uncover the presence of a narrow bandgap (>120 meV) in the 1T′-WS2 nanosheets, which is completely different from semiconducting bulk or single-layer 1H-WS2. The material is found to be ambipolar with a p-type nature. At low temperatures, a slow photoresponse is also observed.
Thermally stimulated current spectroscopy of traps in CVD grown monolayer MoS2
Authors: Deb Swarup , Chakrabarti Poulab , Chakraborti Himadri , Das Gupta Kantimay , Dhar Subhabrata
Published: July 2019

We have investigated defects in large area monolayer MoS2 films using thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy. Films are grown on c-sapphire substrates using a microcavity based chemical vapor deposition technique. A theoretical framework to analyze TSC data for a two dimensional semiconductor has been developed. The study reveals the existence of two traps with average activation energies of 670 and 850 meV. The density of these traps shows an increase followed by saturation as the sample goes through repeated thermal cycles in vacuum. Interestingly, the density returns to its initial level when the sample is exposed to the ambient condition for a sufficiently long time, suggesting that these defects are passivated by certain adsorbate groups/molecules in the ambient condition. It has been found that annealing in a sulfur environment substantially reduces the concentration of these traps. This indicates that the traps must be related to sulfur deficiency related defects.
Magneto-optical effects on the properties of the photonic spin Hall effect owing to the defect mode in photonic crystals with plasma
Authors: Liu Y. L. , Chen W. C. , Guo B.
Published: July 2019

In this study, we have demonstrated a multi-layered structure to examine how the magneto-optical effects affect the behavior of the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE). The Faraday and Voigt effects are taken into account. The multi-layered structure is one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PC) with a defective plasma layer. The properties of the PSHE in both symmetric and asymmetric defective PCs are explored. The numerical results show that the applied magnetic field and the geometries of the structures have significantly changed the characteristics of the PSHE. The transverse displacements of the H-polarization can be easily enhanced by more than ten times, while the transverse displacement of the V-polarization can be easily suppressed by a few percent based the manipulating of the external magnetic field. Moreover, the magneto-optical effects can change the optimal incident angle for the assessment of the peak transverse displacements of the PSHE. In addition, the numerical results also show that the plasma frequency, defective plasma thickness, and the geometry of the structure have greatly influenced the behavior of the PSHE. The parameter dependencies of theses effects are also calculated and discussed.
Improving precision of Mach-Zehnder interferometer with compensation employing weak measurement
Authors: Fang Chen , Huang Jing-Zheng , Li Hongjing , Li Yanjia , Zeng Guihua
Published: July 2019

Imperfections and environmental disturbances will unavoidably cause undesired deviations and bias in the output of devices deployed in the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. In particular, for a feedback scheme, the inevitable imperfections of the optical phase controller severely limit the final measurement precision. In this letter, we propose an approach making use of the well-known weak measurement technique for control operation in order to conquer the imperfections. In consequence, the practical measurement precision can be effectively improved. Interestingly, the improvement, which can be intense with a proper weak measurement, follows a small weak value instead of the common large one. In addition, a proof-of principle experiment is demonstrated to verify the effects of the proposed approach. We anticipate that our approach can be widely extended to many fields requiring high accuracy control.
Fe-intercalated few layers reduced graphene oxide: A unique material for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Miah Milon , Mondal Tapas Kumar , Bhattacharya Shatabda , Saha Shyamal K.
Published: July 2019

Although intensive research has been carried out on composite materials containing transition metal (TM) oxides and graphene for supercapacitor application, the field remains totally unexplored to intercalate TM atoms in few layer reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to design high performance supercapacitors. The major advantages are the enhancement in porosity and formation of trap states at the Fe sites for better charge storage capacity. Therefore, in the present work, Fe-intercalated few layer rGO samples are synthesized to enhance the interlayer separation from 0.34 to ∼1 nm. The enhancement of interlayer separation is characterized by x-ray diffraction, which shows a single peak at a 2θ value of 8.7°, indicating the layered type material with an interlayer separation of 1 nm. Large enhancement in specific capacitance to about 896 F/g and a high energy density of 31 W h/kg is observed in this highly porous material. All these results of enhancement in specific capacitance and energy density are explained on the basis of trap states created at the Fe sites and large enhancement in porosity due to Fe intercalation. Cyclic stability to about 85% after 8000 cycles is also verified. Quantitative evaluation of trap states and modification of charge transport are observed. Due to trap centers, a high value of dielectric permittivity is achieved.
Drop deposition affected by electrowetting in direct ink writing process
Authors: Löwe J.-M. , Plog J. , Jiang Y. , Pan Y. , Yarin A. L.
Published: July 2019

Direct ink writing (DIW) is a three-dimensional printing process that fabricates objects by depositing a functional ink on a substrate in a layer-by-layer way, for a wide range of applications including flexible electronics, scaffolds, biostructures, and so on. In DIW, adhesion between inks of different materials, and between the ink and the substrate, remains to be a challenge. In the context of the DIW process, the present work aims at determining the influence of the electric field on the adhesion of several commonly used and commercially available inks to different materials including glass, Kapton tape, ceramics, and other hydrophobic surfaces. The electric field is applied after or during different stages of the printing process, and the results are compared to reference specimens. The blister test is employed to measure the adhesion energy, which characterizes the bond between different materials. The main goal is to determine the enhancement of adhesion between different materials by means of the electric field and thus the improvement of the quality of printed items.
Monitoring hydrodynamic effects in helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet by resonance broadening emission line
Authors: Iseni S. , Pichard C. , Khacef A.
Published: July 2019

An atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) producing guided ionization waves (IWs) in helium (He) is investigated by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) with regard to hydrodynamics, i.e., helium-air mixing and buoyancy force. A noninvasive method based on the analysis of the resonant broadening line profile is introduced to diagnose the action of the IW on the He laminar flow. The total force acting upon the gas flow [summarizing the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) force and the buoyancy force (fb)] is investigated experimentally. Quantitative results are in agreement with the published data obtained by numerical modeling. Furthermore, the low content of the air fraction diffusing into the He flow can be determined from the resonant broadening line profile. The latter is of high interest in biomedical and agriculture applications as well as material surface and liquid activation.
Thermochemistry of Guanine Tautomers Re-Examined by Means of High-Level CCSD(T) Composite Ab Initio Methods
Authors: Karton Amir
Published: July 2019

We obtained accurate gas-phase tautomerization energies for a set of 14 guanine tautomers by means of high-level thermochemical procedures approximating the CCSD(T) energy at the complete basis set (CBS) limit. For the five low-lying tautomers, we use the computationally demanding W1-F12 composite method for obtaining the tautomerization energies. The relative W1-F12 tautomerization enthalpies at 298K are: 0.00 (1), 2.37 (2), 2.63 (3), 4.03 (3′), and 14.31 (4) kJmol−1. Thus, as many as four tautomers are found within a small energy window of less than 1.0kcalmol−1 (1kcalmol−1=4.184kJmol−1). We use these highly accurate W1-F12 tautomerization energies to evaluate the performance of a wide range of lower-level composite ab initio procedures. The Gn composite procedures (G4, G4(MP2), G4(MP2)-6X, G3, G3B3, G3(MP2), and G3(MP2)B3) predict that the enol tautomer (3) is more stable than the keto tautomer (2) by amounts ranging from 0.36 (G4) to 1.28 (G3(MP2)) kJmol−1. We also find that an approximated CCSD(T)/CBS energy calculated as HF/jul-cc-pV{D,T}Z+CCSD/jul-cc-pVTZ+(T)/jul-cc-pVDZ results in a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of merely 0.11kJmol−1 relative to the W1-F12 reference values. We use this approximated CCSD(T)/CBS method to obtain the tautomerization energies of 14 guanine tautomers. The relative tautomerization enthalpies at 298K are: 0.00 (1), 2.20 (2), 2.51 (3), 4.06 (3′), 14.30 (4), 25.65 (5), 43.78 (4′), 53.50 (6′), 61.58 (6), 77.37 (7), 82.52 (8′), 86.02 (9), 100.70 (10), and 121.01 (8) kJmol−1. Using these tautomerization enthalpies, we evaluate the performance of standard and composite methods for the entire set of 14 guanine tautomers. The best-performing procedures emerge as (RMSDs are given in parentheses): G4(MP2)-6X (0.51), CCSD(T)+ΔMP2/CBS (0.52), and G4(MP2) (0.64kJmol−1). The worst performers are CCSD(T)/AVDZ (1.05), CBS-QB3 (1.24), and CBS-APNO (1.38kJmol−1).
Intrinsically motivated collective motion
Authors: Charlesworth Henry J. , Turner Matthew S.
Published: July 2019

Significance

Our study invokes a low-level principle that we believe might motivate animal behavior in general and collective motion in particular—the principle that an agent seeks to increase the number of states that it is able to encounter in the future. This principle should confer evolutionary fitness for rather general reasons that we discuss. We report how the collective motion that emerges from this principle is similar to that seen in animal systems. In particular, coalignment, cohesion, and collision avoidance all emerge naturally, even though none of these are encoded in the principle itself. In this sense, our work proposes a low-level origin for the emergence of collective motion in animal systems.
Opening TRPP2 (
PKD2L1
) requires the transfer of gating charges
Authors: Ng Leo C. T. , Vien Thuy N. , Yarov-Yarovoy Vladimir , DeCaen Paul G.
Published: July 2019

Significance

Dysfunction of polycystin TRP channels (TRPPs) is associated with polycystic kidney disease (PKD), but their biophysical and structural regulation is poorly understood. We report that TRPP2 voltage sensor activation is required to open the conducting pore, regardless of polymodal stimuli. Each of the 4 voltage sensor domains delivers at least 1 gating charge prior to TRPP2 channel opening while forming state-dependent cation–π interactions. Since these interacting positions are conserved among voltage-gated ion channels, we propose that this canonical gating mechanism was preserved during TRPP2 evolution. Our results provide a structural framework for understanding the regulation of TRPP2 in cilia and plasma membranes.
Asymmetric division yields progeny cells with distinct modes of regulating cell cycle-dependent chromosome methylation
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , Wang Jiarui , Herrmann Jonathan , Moerner W. E. , Shapiro Lucy
Published: July 2019

Significance

The temporal control of DNA methylation by the CcrM DNA methyltransferase mediates cell cycle progression in the asymmetrically dividing bacterium
Caulobacter crescentus
. Limiting the presence of CcrM to a specific time in the cell cycle is achieved through temporally controlled transcription and Lon-mediated proteolysis. We discovered that a chromosomal DNA-based platform stimulates CcrM proteolysis by Lon. Upon cell division, CcrM is completely degraded by Lon in progeny swarmer cells. In progeny stalked cells, which initiate DNA replication immediately upon division, CcrM proteolysis is incomplete and the remaining enzyme is sequestered away from DNA at the cell pole. Thus, the cell ensures that once DNA replication starts, chromosomal DNA cannot serve as a substrate for remethylation until chromosome replication is complete.
Structural characterization of an activin class ternary receptor complex reveals a third paradigm for receptor specificity
Authors: Goebel Erich J. , Corpina Richard A. , Hinck Cynthia S. , Czepnik Magdalena , Castonguay Roselyne , Grenha Rosa , Boisvert Angela , Miklossy Gabriella , Fullerton Paul T. , Matzuk Martin M. , Idone Vincent J. , Economides Aris N. , Kumar Ravindra , Hinck Andrew P. , Thompson Thomas B.
Published: July 2019

TGFβ family ligands, which include the TGFβs, BMPs, and activins, signal by forming a ternary complex with type I and type II receptors. For TGFβs and BMPs, structures of ternary complexes have revealed differences in receptor assembly. However, structural information for how activins assemble a ternary receptor complex is lacking. We report the structure of an activin class member, GDF11, in complex with the type II receptor ActRIIB and the type I receptor Alk5. The structure reveals that receptor positioning is similar to the BMP class, with no interreceptor contacts; however, the type I receptor interactions are shifted toward the ligand fingertips and away from the dimer interface. Mutational analysis shows that ligand type I specificity is derived from differences in the fingertips of the ligands that interact with an extended loop specific to Alk4 and Alk5. The study also reveals differences for how TGFβ and GDF11 bind to the same type I receptor, Alk5. For GDF11, additional contacts at the fingertip region substitute for the interreceptor interactions that are seen for TGFβ, indicating that Alk5 binding to GDF11 is more dependent on direct contacts. In support, we show that a single residue of Alk5 (Phe
84
), when mutated, abolishes GDF11 signaling, but has little impact on TGFβ signaling. The structure of GDF11/ActRIIB/Alk5 shows that, across the TGFβ family, different mechanisms regulate type I receptor binding and specificity, providing a molecular explanation for how the activin class accommodates low-affinity type I interactions without the requirement of cooperative receptor interactions.
Language dominance does not always predict cross-linguistic interactions in bilingual speech production
Authors: Amengual Mark , Simonet Miquel
Published: July 2019

The present study describes the results of two experiments that analyze the effects of language dominance on Catalan/Spanish bilingual speech production. We examined the acoustics of the Catalan [a]~[ə] alternation (a phonological process induced by lexical stress) and of the Catalan mid vowel contrasts /e/-/ɛ/ and /o/-/ɔ/ (two phonemic contrasts) in the speech of Catalan- vs. Spanish-dominant early Catalan/Spanish bilinguals from Majorca (Spain). The results indicate that, contrary to the analysis of the Catalan mid vowels, stressed and unstressed Spanish and Catalan /a/ yielded no significant difference as a function of language dominance. These findings suggest that unstressed vowel reduction, a phonological process, may be relatively easier to acquire than phonemic contrasts with a low functional load (/e/-/ɛ/, /o/-/ɔ/), perhaps because its predictability and high frequency may attract attention and/or relieve cognitive resources, which could be conducive to phonological learning. These findings demonstrate that language dominance effects in the production of phonemic contrasts, widely researched in the literature on early bilingualism, do not guarantee the same effects on the implementation of phonological processes.
Narrative stories, institutional rules, and the politics of pension policy in Canada and the United States
Authors: Béland Daniel
Published: July 2019

Deborah Stone’s Policy Paradox stresses the role of narrative stories in the construction of policy problems. This article takes a critical look at the Policy Paradox and at the claim that paying close attention to narratives is essential to the analysis of policy change. Drawing on recent scholarship on the role of ideas in public policy, the article shows that the analysis of narratives is part of a broader intellectual project associated with the ideational turn in policy analysis. The article explains how the analysis of narrative stories should take institutional factors into account, which can shape policy decisions. To illustrate these theoretical claims, the article analyzes the debate over public pension reform in the United States and Canada during the last 25 years. More specifically, the article compares the reform of the Canada Pension Plan during the mid-1990s and the failed push to privatize US Social Security during the Bill Clinton and the George W. Bush presidencies. The analysis stresses that, while narrative stories shape problem definition, institutional legacies influence policy adoption.
Regular changes in foot strike pattern during prolonged downhill running do not influence neuromuscular, energetics, or biomechanical parameters
Authors: Vernillo Gianluca , Aguiar Matheus , Savoldelli Aldo , Martinez Aaron , Giandolini Marlene , Horvais Nicolas , Edwards W. Brent , Millet Guillaume Y.
Published: July 2019

Research has suggested that a high variability in foot strike pattern during downhill running is associated with lower neuromuscular fatigue of the plantar flexors (PF). Given the popularity of trail running, we designed an intervention study to investigate whether a strategy with regular changes in foot strike pattern during downhill running could reduce the extent of fatigue on neuromuscular, energetics and biomechanical parameters as well as increase an uphill time‐to‐exhaustion trial (TTE) performance. Fourteen experienced trail runners completed two interventional conditions (separated by 15 days) in a pseudo‐randomised and counter‐balanced order that consisted of 2.5‐h of treadmill graded running with (switch condition) or without (control condition) a change between fore‐ and rear‐foot strike pattern every 30 s during the downhill sections. Pre and Post, neuromuscular tests were performed to assess PF central and peripheral fatigue. Energy cost of running was assessed using an indirect calorimetry system and biomechanical gait parameters were acquired with an instrumented treadmill. TTE was performed after both the graded running conditions. There were not significant condition × time interactions (p ≥ .085) for any of the variables considered, and TTE was not different between the two conditions (p = .755). A deliberate strategy to alternate between foot strike patterns did not reduce the extent of fatigue during prolonged graded running. We suggest that it is not the ability to switch between foot strike patterns that minimises fatigue; rather the ability to adapt foot strike pattern to the terrain and therefore a better running technique.
Assessment of the force‐velocity relationship during vertical jumps: influence of the starting position, analysis procedures and number of loads
Authors: Janicijevic Danica , Knezevic Olivera M. , Mirkov Dragan M. , Pérez‐Castilla Alejandro , Petrovic Milos , Samozino Pierre , Garcia‐Ramos Amador
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to compare the reliability and magnitude of the force‐velocity (F‐V) relationship parameters between the squat jumps performed from the 90° (SJ90) and self‐preferred knee angle (SJpref). A secondary aim was to explore the effect of the analysis procedure (force platform [FP] and Samozino's [SAM] method) and the number of loads tested (three‐ and two‐point methods) on the F‐V relationships. Twelve men were tested in two sessions during the SJ90 and SJpref. Two identical blocks of jumps were performed in each session against three external loads. The F‐V relationship parameters (maximum force, maximum velocity, F‐V slope and maximum power) were determined at each block through the FP and SAM procedures using the data collected under three (three‐point method) or only the two most distant loads (two‐point method). The average coefficient of variation (CV) of the four F‐V parameters revealed a higher reliability for the SJ90 compared to the SJpref (5.86% vs. 7.55%; CVratio = 1.29) with more pronounced differences using the FP (CVratio = 1.43) than the SAM procedure (CVratio = 1.14), and higher reliability for the SAM compared to the FP (6.14% vs. 7.27%; CVratio = 1.18). The SJpref and SAM procedures provided comparable or higher magnitude of the F‐V relationship parameters than the SJ90 and FP, respectively. The three‐ and two‐point methods revealed a comparable reliability and trivial differences in the magnitude of the F‐V relationship parameters. The routine testing procedure of the F‐V relationship could be simplified using the SJpref, the SAM procedure and the two‐point method.
The participation in organised sport doubles the odds of meeting physical activity recommendations in 7–12‐year‐old children
Authors: Mooses Kerli , Kull Merike
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the contributing role of organised sport participation to daily physical activity (PA) and to describe the PA during training. Children aged 7–12 wore the accelerometer for 1 week. Children with activity data for a minimum of 5 days were included in the analysis (n = 492). Evenson cut‐points were used to extract PA data for whole day and training sessions. Compliance with PA recommendations was assessed with two methods – weekly average and daily data. More than half (52.5%) of the children participated in an organised sport at least once a week. Participation in organised sport three or more times a week increased the odds of meeting PA recommendations (average method: OR = 4.02, 95% CI: 1.98–8.19, p < 0.001, days method: OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.35–5.88, p = 0.006). On average, children acquired 23.3 ± 15.3 min of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) during trainings, while boys accrued more MVPA minutes compared to girls (β = 5.2, 95% CI: 2.4–8.0) and the training time MVPA decreased with age (β = −1.0, 95% CI: −1.9 to −0.1), respectively. Each additional MVPA minute during training increased daily MVPA by 1.3 min (95% CI: 1.1–1.5). On days with training children accumulated 24.9 (95% CI: 21.8–28.0) more MVPA minutes compared to days without training. In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of organised sport in supporting the PA levels of children. However, participation in the organised sport only is not sufficient to meet PA recommendations, and therefore, PA should be supported throughout the day.
Mechanical stress impairs pheromone signaling via Pkc1-mediated regulation of the MAPK scaffold Ste5
Authors: van Drogen Frank , Mishra Ranjan , Rudolf Fabian , Walczak Michal J. , Lee Sung Sik , Reiter Wolfgang , Hegemann Björn , Pelet Serge , Dohnal Ilse , Binolfi Andres , Yudina Zinaida , Selenko Philipp , Wider Gerhard , Ammerer Gustav , Peter Matthias
Published: July 2019

Cells continuously adapt cellular processes by integrating external and internal signals. In yeast, multiple stress signals regulate pheromone signaling to prevent mating under unfavorable conditions. However, the underlying crosstalk mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that mechanical stress activates Pkc1, which prevents lysis of pheromone-treated cells by inhibiting polarized growth. In vitro Pkc1 phosphorylates conserved residues within the RING-H2 domains of the scaffold proteins Far1 and Ste5, which are also phosphorylated in vivo. Interestingly, Pkc1 triggers dispersal of Ste5 from mating projections upon mechanically induced stress and during cell–cell fusion, leading to inhibition of the MAPK Fus3. Indeed, RING phosphorylation interferes with Ste5 membrane association by preventing binding to the receptor-linked Gβγ protein. Cells expressing nonphosphorylatable Ste5 undergo increased lysis upon mechanical stress and exhibit defects in cell–cell fusion during mating, which is exacerbated by simultaneous expression of nonphosphorylatable Far1. These results uncover a mechanical stress–triggered crosstalk mechanism modulating pheromone signaling, polarized growth, and cell–cell fusion during mating.
Evolution of cooperation in synergistically evolving dynamic interdependent networks: fundamental advantages of coordinated network evolution
Authors: Yang Zhihu , Yu Changbin , Kim Jonghyuk , Li Zhi , Wang Long
Published: July 2019

Real networks are not only multi-layered yet also dynamic. The role of coordinated network evolution regarding dynamic multi-layer networks where both network and strategy evolution simultaneously show diverse interdependence by layers remains poorly addressed. Here, we propose a general and simple coevolution framework to analyze how coordination of different dynamical processes affects strategy propagation in synergistically evolving interdependent networks. The strategic feedback constitutes the main driving force of network evolution yet the inherent cross-layer self-optimization functions as its compensation. We show that these two ingredients often catalyze a better performance of network evolution in propagating cooperation. Coordinated network evolution may be a double-edged sword to cooperation and the network-adapting rate plays a crucial role in flipping its double-sided effect. It often economizes the cost and time consumption for driving the system to the full cooperation phase. Importantly, strongly coupled slow-tuned networks can outperform weakly coupled fast-regulated networks in solving social dilemmas, highlighting the fundamental advantages of coordinated network evolution and the importance of synergistic effect of dynamical processes in upholding human cooperation in multiplex networks.
A New Method for Abbreviation Prediction via CNN-BLSTM-CRF
Authors: Zheng Jianyu , Xiao Xinge , Wang Bihua , Zhu Yun , Yang Lijiao
Published: July 2019

It is a crucial problem to process abbreviation in the field of natural language processing. The most commonly used way to cope with this problem is to construct the reference database by predicting the abbreviation through its fully expanded form. Previous work on abbreviation prediction mostly rely on traditional machine learning algorithms, which inevitably requires a large number of manual annotations or expert knowledge to establish a feature system. In this paper, a neural network model based on CNN-BLSTM-CRF is proposed, which can predict Chinese abbreviations better without relying too much on the feature system: Firstly, convolutional neural network extracts phrase and Chinese character information from the fully expanded form, and then BLSTM-CRF deep network is constructed to annotate the fully expanded form, so as to extract its corresponding abbreviation form. The experimental results show that the method in this paper can perform better than the state-of-art method in traditional machine learning, and the results provide a reference for abbreviation research and the construction of resource repository.
Discrete Fireworks Algorithm for Welding Robot Path Planning
Authors: Zhou Xinyu , Zhao Qingjie , Zhang Dongxu
Published: July 2019

Welding robots are widely used in manufacturing industries, and reasonable welding path planning is an important issue in production efficiency. Welding robot path planning aims to arrange the sequence of weld joints and find the optimal welding path for the robot, which is essentially a combinatorial optimization problem. With the development of artificial intelligence, swarm intelligence algorithms shed new light on this problem. Fireworks algorithm (FWA) is a newly proposed swarm intelligence algorithm, simulating the process of fireworks explosion producing sparks to find the optimal solution. It has shown excellent performance in continuous optimization problems. In this paper, a discrete fireworks algorithm (DFWA), is proposed to solve the welding robot path planning problem. We introduce some operations to the framework of traditional FWA. In DFWA, 2-opt local search and crossover operator are applied on the explosion sparks. A new way of fireworks quality judgment is designed. Mutation operator is implemented for the generation of Gaussian sparks, and the selection strategy is improved. Simulation experiments have been made to verify our method and compare its performance with other current swarm intelligence algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs well with good convergence, stability and accuracy. It is effective for welding robot path planning.
Biologically Inspired Low Energy Clustering for Large Scale Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhou Jie , Xu Mengying , Lu Yi
Published: July 2019

The recent technological advances in data gathering, embedded micro-devices and mobile networking has significantly advanced the applications of small-size and numerous tiny nodes. Large scale wireless sensor networks (LSWSNs) are intensively studied and used in the fields of traffic avoidance, intelligent family, medical diagnostic, environmental, multimedia surveillance, military affairs and so on. The recent success of emerging LSWSNs technology has encouraged researchers to develop new low energy clustering algorithm in this field. In LSWSNs, reducing communication energy consumption of sensor will not lead to maximize network lifetime for the total system. The low energy clustering is a typical NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. In this paper, an immune adaptive cuckoo search algorithm (IACSA) is given to reduce total energy consumption. We first design a fitness function to evaluate energy consumption of system. The IACSA is designed to improve the energy efficiency for LSWSNs. It has the advantages of immune generator that takes into account different benefits and adaptive operator to enhance the convergence rate. Simulations are conducted to show a comparison of IACSA with the shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA). Results show that the proposed IACSA has lower energy consumption compared to the SFLA, AFSA and PSO, which means that the proposed method reduces the energy consumption.
Optimization of Low Power Wireless Sensor Network Lifetime Using Improved Clone Elite Monkey Algorithm
Authors: Lu Yi , Zhou Jie , Xu Mengying
Published: July 2019

Recent advances in efficient software algorithms, electronics and networking technologies have promoted the development of low computational complexity, low-cost, low storage, and intelligent tiny nodes. Low power wireless sensor networks (LPWSNs) are composed of some sensing units with limited communications as well as sensing capabilities. LPWSNs are approaches in a good deal of domains such as traffic control, automated assistance for the elderly monitors and so on. Recently network lifetime optimization has been receiving a lot of attention for wide applications of LPWSNs. Achieving a longer network lifetime under the restricted power source has a large calculation difficulty, which can be regard as an NP-hard problem. An improved clone elite monkey algorithm (ICEMA) to determine the network lifetime optimization in LPWSNs is given. In this paper, in order to achieve maximum network lifetime with full coverage, we first build a system model to calculate a better network lifetime. It is designed to increment the lifetime of the nodes for LPWSNs. The ICEMA has many advantages by combining the clone strategy as well as elite strategy. The simulations verify the robust and efficiency of ICEMA when compared with strategies based on evolutionary algorithm (EA), particle swarm algorithm (PSO) and artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) under a LPWSNs conditions. The outcomes demonstrate that the proposed ICEMA can achieve a longer network lifetime than EA, PSO and AFSA while taking the same computational complexity.
Review Sentiment Orientation Analysis based on Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Yixuan , Xiong Hailing
Published: July 2019

The increase of network users has led to a large number of commentary languages on various network platforms. Traditional manual processing is time-consuming and labor-intensive. We need a mechanized way to process these commentary corpora and quickly uncover the emotional tendencies. A method of sentimental orientation analysis of comment text based on deep learning is proposed. First, we used GloVe model to train the word vector. Then, Give the different weight on word vector by using TF-IDF. Finally, the processed word vectors would be classificated by TextCNN. Experiments were carried out on the six categories of commodity review data crawled by Jingdong. This method can effectively identify the emotional tendency of the review text, which is more accurate than the traditional deep learning method.
Quasi-oppositional Multi-objective Antlion Optimizer Based on Differential Evolution
Authors: Yadong Wang , Quan Shi , Mingchang Song , Weixing Song
Published: July 2019

In order to solve the multi-objective problem, an improved quasi-oppositional multi-objective antlion optimization algorithm based on differential evolution (DEQOMALO) is proposed. This algorithm overcomes the defect that antlion algorithm is easy to fall into local optimum. On the one hand, this algorithm uses the idea of differential evolution to make full use of the information of the ant and the elite antlion to improve the position updating method of the original algorithm. On the other hand, the population is optimized by quasi-opposite learning strategy, and the original population and its quasi-opposite individuals are mixed and then selected as the new population, which greatly increases the diversity of the population. Finally, typical benchmarks are selected to compare the algorithm with the original antlion algorithm and other MALO algorithms with traditional evolution strategies. Experimental results show that both convergence and distribution of the improved algorithm are greatly improved. The proposed DEQOMALO algorithm has good adaptability and effectiveness in solving the two-objective optimization problem.
Facial-image based Age Estimation Using Imbalanced Datasets
Authors: Liu Yasi , Wang Tianzi , Zheng Limin , Yang Lu
Published: July 2019

Facial image based human age estimation is of great application significance. The public-available facial image datasets used for age estimation suffer greatly from the uneven distribution of images of different age groups, which may lead to the low estimation accuracy of the under-sampled age categories and limit the usage of the age estimation in certain applications. We propose a three-stage probability adjustment based CNN algorithm to solve the imbalanced distribution problem of the dataset. In particular, we construct an ENIN neural network structure by applying the Network in Network (NIN) structure to the traditional convolution neural network (CNN) and use the probability vector adjustment to improve the classification accuracy of the under-sampled age categories. Then, we filter out the images with high possibility of being misclassified after the probability vector adjustment and reset their categories by comparing cosine similarity and retraining the ensembled ENIN classifier. We also introduce a population-age-distribution based accuracy metric Accuracy-P to estimate the performance of the age estimation algorithm in real-world applications. Our experimental results confirm that our algorithm can effectively improve the overall estimation accuracy by significantly improving the accuracy of the under-sampled age groups while maintaining satisfactory accuracy for the other age groups.