bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WAVELET ANALYSIS AND NEURAL NETWORK CLASSIFIERS TO DETECT MID-SAGITTAL SECTIONS FOR NUCHAL TRANSLUCENCY MEASUREMENT
Authors: Sciortino Giuseppa , Orlandi Emanuela , Valenti Cesare , Tegolo Domenico
Published: April 2016

We propose a methodology to support the physician in the automatic identification of mid-sagittal sections of the fetus in ultrasound videos acquired during the first trimester of pregnancy. A good mid-sagittal section is a key requirement to make the correct measurement of nuchal translucency which is one of the main marker for screening of chromosomal defects such as trisomy 13, 18 and 21. NT measurement is beyond the scope of this article. The proposed methodology is mainly based on wavelet analysis and neural network classifiers to detect the jawbone and on radial symmetry analysis to detect the choroid plexus. Those steps allow to identify the frames which represent correct mid-sagittal sections to be processed. The performance of the proposed methodology was analyzed on 3000 random frames uniformly extracted from 10 real clinical ultrasound videos. With respect to a ground-truth provided by an expert physician, we obtained a true positive, a true negative and a balanced accuracy equal to 87.26%, 94.98% and 91.12% respectively.
Combined Therapy With Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Ciprofloxacin Against Acute Urogenital Organ Damage in Rat Sepsis Syndrome Induced by Intrapelvic Injection of Cecal Bacteria
Authors: Sung Pei-Hsun , Chiang Hsin-Ju , Chen Chih-Hung , Chen Yi-Ling , Huang Tien-Hung , Zhen Yen-Yi , Chang Meng-Wei , Liu Chu-Feng , Chung Sheng-Ying , Chen Yung-Lung , Chai Han-Tan , Sun Cheuk-Kwan , Yip Hon-Kan
Published: April 2016

We hypothesized that combined treatment with autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) and ciprofloxacin is superior to ciprofloxacin only in reducing sepsis-induced urogenital organ damage and mortality in rat sepsis syndrome (SS) caused by intrapelvic injection of cecal bacteria (1.0 × 104 cells per milliliter; total, 5.0 ml). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 60) equally divided into group 1 (sham-control), group 2 (SS), group 3 (SS-ADMSC [5.0 × 105 intravenously at 0.5, 6, and 18 hours after sepsis induction]), group 4 (SS-ciprofloxacin [3.0 mg/kg, b.i.d.] for 5 days), and group 5 (SS-ADMSC-ciprofloxacin) were sacrificed by day 5. Mortality rate and creatinine level were highest in group 2 and lowest in group 1 and significantly higher in groups 3 and 4 than those in group 5, but there was no difference between groups 3 and 4 (all p < .005). The kidney injury score, inflammatory biomarker expressions at protein (tumor necrosis factor-1α, nuclear factor-κB, matrix metallopeptidase-9, regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted, interleukin-1β) and cellular (CD14+, migratory inhibitor factor positive, CD68+) levels in kidneys and urinary bladder were lowest in group 1 and highest in group 2, higher in group 4 than in groups 3 and 5, and higher in group 3 than in group 5 (all p < .001). Protein expressions of apoptosis (Bax, cleaved caspase 3 and poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, p21 protein [Cdc42/Rac]-activated kinase 2) and oxidative stress (oxidized protein, NADPH oxidase (NOX)-1, NOX-2) in these organs showed an identical pattern compared with that of inflammation in all groups (all p < .001). In conclusion, ADMSC-assisted ciprofloxacin therapy offered an additional benefit by reducing acute urogenital organ damage in rat.

Significance

Autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-assisted ciprofloxacin therapy offered an additional benefit by reducing acute urogenital organ damage in rats.
Establishment and Characterization of Primary Human Ovarian Cancer Stem Cell Line (CD44+ve)
Authors: Amoura   Abouelnaga  , Ghada   A.   Mutawa  , Hassan   Abdelghaffar  , Mohamed   Sobh  , Sahar Hamed  , Shaker A. Mousa
Published: April 2016

Ovarian cancer is ranked as the 7th most lethal cancer worldwide with 239,000 new cases annually. The mortality rate is high because most ovarian tumors are diagnosed at advanced stages and are resistant to chemotherapy and thus incurable due to the lack of effective early detection of ovarian tumors. There is a small sub-population of ovarian tumor cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into different cancer cell types, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which might be responsible for cancer relapse. The CD44+ phenotype in ovarian tumor cells elucidates cancer initiating cell-like properties of promoting differentiation, metastasis, and chemotherapy-resistance. Increased expression of genes previously associated with CSCs promotes regenerative capacity by promoting stem cell function that can drive cancer relapse and metastasis. In this study we present a method to isolate the primary epithelial ovarian cancer cells from human solid tumor and establish CD44+ve primary ovarian cancer stem cell (OCSCCD44+ve) line using magnetic microbeads. Also we evaluated the expression of stemness genes Nanog, Sox2, Oct4, and Nestin by real-time qPCR analysis. Thequantitative analysis by real-time qPCRshows that OCSCCD44+ve overexpressed the embryonic stem cell marker genes Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, and Nestin when compared with ovarian cancer cells OCCCD44-ve as positive control and ovarian cells as negative control. We demonstrate that CD44 in malignant ovarian tumors is a critical molecule that exhibits cancer stem cell properties that enhance tumorigenicity and cancer metastasis. Our results provide a better understanding of ovarian CSCs, which is important for future in vivo studies with subsequent target therapy for preclinical studies.
Turismo cinematográfico y desarrollo económico local. El Festival de Cine de Huelva
Authors: Flores Ruiz David
Published: April 2016

Analizamos la importancia del fomento del turismo y del desarrollo local a partir de la industria del cine, prestando especial atención al impacto económico local que genera la organización de festivales de cine. Se analiza el caso del Festival Iberoamericano de Cine de Huelva y se concluye que los beneficios económicos de organizar este evento supera a los costes, tal y como se apunta en la bibliografía consultada.
Sex differences in cerebellar synaptic transmission and sex-specific responses to autism-linked Gabrb3 mutations in mice
Authors: Mercer Audrey A , Palarz Kristin J , Tabatadze Nino , Woolley Catherine S , Raman Indira M
Published: April 2016

Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei (CbN) transmit cerebellar signals to premotor areas. The cerebellum expresses several autism-linked genes, including GABRB3, which encodes GABAA receptor β3 subunits and is among the maternal alleles deleted in Angelman syndrome. We tested how this Gabrb3 m-/p+ mutation affects CbN physiology in mice, separating responses of males and females. Wild-type mice showed sex differences in synaptic excitation, inhibition, and intrinsic properties. Relative to females, CbN cells of males had smaller synaptically evoked mGluR1/5-dependent currents, slower Purkinje-mediated IPSCs, and lower spontaneous firing rates, but rotarod performances were indistinguishable. In mutant CbN cells, IPSC kinetics were unchanged, but mutant males, unlike females, showed enlarged mGluR1/5 responses and accelerated spontaneous firing. These changes appear compensatory, since mutant males but not females performed indistinguishably from wild-type siblings on the rotarod task. Thus, sex differences in cerebellar physiology produce similar behavioral output, but provide distinct baselines for responses to mutations.
The molecular basis for ANE syndrome revealed by the large ribosomal subunit processome interactome
Authors: McCann Kathleen L , Teramoto Takamasa , Zhang Jun , Tanaka Hall Traci M , Baserga Susan J
Published: April 2016

ANE syndrome is a ribosomopathy caused by a mutation in an RNA recognition motif of RBM28, a nucleolar protein conserved to yeast (Nop4). While patients with ANE syndrome have fewer mature ribosomes, it is unclear how this mutation disrupts ribosome assembly. Here we use yeast as a model system and show that the mutation confers growth and pre-rRNA processing defects. Recently, we found that Nop4 is a hub protein in the nucleolar large subunit (LSU) processome interactome. Here we demonstrate that the ANE syndrome mutation disrupts Nop4’s hub function by abrogating several of Nop4’s protein-protein interactions. Circular dichroism and NMR demonstrate that the ANE syndrome mutation in RRM3 of human RBM28 disrupts domain folding. We conclude that the ANE syndrome mutation generates defective protein folding which abrogates protein-protein interactions and causes faulty pre-LSU rRNA processing, thus revealing one aspect of the molecular basis of this human disease.
Growth of semipolar

high-indium-content InGaN quantum wells using InGaN tilting layer on Si(001)
Authors: Kushimoto Maki , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi
Published: April 2016

Low-toxity high-In-content InGaN is an attractive option for short-distance communications through plastic optical fibers because its performance is only slightly affected by temperature. However, its fabrication on the c-plane is impaired by In droplets and V pits, which form at low-growth temperature. On the other hand, unlike the c-plane,

InGaN relaxes with tilting. Therefore, in this study, we first grew a high-In-content InGaN single layer, and then we fabricated an InGaN tilting layer between

InGaN-based multiple quantum wells (MQWs) and GaN stripes/(001)Si. The emission wavelength increased with the InGaN tilting layer’s growth time because the strain was relaxed by misfit dislocations at the heterointerface. This layer also extended the emission peak of InGaN/GaN MQWs and increased the photoluminescence intensity with respect to that of a single-layered InGaN. Therefore, the InGaN tilting layer is effective for growing high-In-content

InGaN MQWs.
Preflow trimethylaluminum treatment effect on GaN growth on SiC with an ultrathin interlayer
Authors: Sun Zheng , Nagamatsu Kentaro , Olsson Marc , Song Peifeng , Deki Manato , Nitta Shugo , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi
Published: April 2016

Previously, we reported a growth method for GaN on SiC by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. By using a preflow trimethylaluminum treatment, the poor wetting problem of gallium on the SiC surface was alleviated, resulting in a 1.2-µm-thick crack-free GaN grown on an on-axis 6H-SiC(0001) substrate via an ultrathin AlGaN interlayer. In this study, the impact of the preflow trimethylaluminum treatment time is investigated to understand why a crack-free epilayer was realized. To demonstrate the electrical performance of devices formed by our technique, GaN/SiC vertical Schottky barrier diodes were fabricated and compared with GaN/AlN/SiC and GaN/GaN vertical Schottky barrier diodes. Compared with diodes including a high-resistance AlN interlayer, the series resistance of GaN/SiC Schottky barrier diodes incorporating the ultrathin interlayer with 5 s of TMAl treatment showed a marked reduction from 4.0 × 107 to 2.0 × 10−1 Ω·cm2. The ultrathin interlayer growth technique is expected to be applied in future GaN/SiC hybrid high-power and high-frequency devices.
Effect of high-temperature annealing for single-Ni-layer gate in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors
Authors: Nanjo Takuma , Imai Akifumi , Kurahashi Kenichiro , Matsuda Takashi , Suita Muneyoshi , Yagyu Eiji
Published: April 2016

AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with Schottky gate contacts are strong candidates for high-power applications with high-frequency operation. The existence of interfacial traps between Schottky gate contacts and an AlGaN surface is one of the issues causing relatively high gate leakage current in these HEMTs. High-temperature gate annealing, which reduces the density of traps owing to the interfacial reaction between Schottky gate contacts and an AlGaN surface, was investigated using a single-Ni-layer gate structure to prevent the alloying of conventional stacked metal layers such as Ni/Au and Pt/Au. As a result, a strong gate annealing temperature dependence of Schottky characteristics was observed and this dependence also caused drain current collapse. In addition, it was confirmed that 700 °C is the optimal gate annealing temperature for improving both the Schottky characteristics and drain current collapse. These results are attributed to the change in the density of interfacial trap states.
Comparison of subthreshold swing in SrTiO3-based all-solid-state electric-double-layer transistors with Li4SiO4 or Y-stabilized-ZrO2 solid electrolyte
Authors: Tsuchiya Takashi , Ochi Masanori , Higuchi Tohru , Terabe Kazuya
Published: April 2016

SrTiO3 (STO)-based all-solid-state electric-double-layer transistors (EDLTs) with a Li4SiO4 (LSO) lithium ion conductor (i.e., electrolyte) or Y-stabilized-ZrO2 (YSZ) proton conductor were fabricated. While the LSO device showed significant drain current enhancement at room temperature, the YSZ device needed high temperature to achieve comparable drain current enhancement due to the difference in ionic conductivity between the two electrolytes. Subthreshold swing (S), which is a parameter used to evaluate the steepness of drain current enhancement in field-effect transistors (FETs), was calculated to be 66 and 227 mV/dec, respectively, for LSO and YSZ EDLTs. The 66 mV/dec is very close to the theoretical limit (60 mV/dec) for conventional FETs, indicating that LSO is more suitable for STO-based EDLTs and that the type of solid electrolyte used greatly affects EDLT switching characteristics.
Inhibición parcial de dos genes que codifican para proteínas spliceosomales en Giardia intestinalis
Authors: Gómez Vanessa , Wasserman Moisés
Published: April 2016

Introducción. Giardia intestinalis es un organismo tempranamente divergente en el que recientemente se demostró la presencia de intrones. La maquinaria responsable de la remoción de intrones en eucariotes superiores es el spliceosoma, conformado por 5 ribonucleoproteínas. Cada una tiene un ARN pequeño nuclear, un set de 7 proteínas Sm (B, D1, D2, D3, E, F y G) y varias proteínas específicas. En G. intestinalis, se han identificado los genes de algunas proteínas del spliceosoma por bioinformática. Aunque se asume que el spliceosoma es el responsable del splicing en el parásito, su caracterización bioquímica no ha sido realizada.

Objetivo. Inhibir dos genes que codifican para proteínas del spliceosoma de G. intestinalis con el fin de determinar si esta inhibición afecta el crecimiento o la enquistación del parásito.

Materiales y métodos. Se clonaron en un vector específico para G. intestinalis secuencias antisentido de los genes que codifican para las proteínas spliceosomales SmB y SmD3 del parásito. Posteriormente se transfectó G. intestinalis con los vectores recombinantes y se seleccionaron aquellos parásitos que lo incorporaron. Se confirmó la disminución del mensajero por PCR en tiempo real y se evaluó el crecimiento y la enquistación en parásitos silvestres y transfectados.

Resultados. Se observó una disminución del 40% y 70% en el mARN de SmB y SmD3, respectivamente. El crecimiento y la enquistación no se vieron afectados en estos parásitos.

Conclusión. La disminución de SmB y SmD3 no afectan el parásito, indicando que el spliceosoma sigue siendo funcional o que el splicing no es una función vital del parásito.
Factores de riesgo para bacteriemia adquirida en el hospital por Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistente a carbapenémicos en un hospital colombiano
Authors: Valderrama Sandra Liliana , González Pedro Felipe , Caro María Alejandra , Ardila Natalia , Ariza Beatriz , Gil Fabián , Álvarez Carlos
Published: April 2016

Introducción. Las bacteriemias por Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes a carbapenémicos son un problema de salud pública por la limitación de opciones terapéuticas disponibles, el aumento en la estancia hospitalaria, los costos y el riesgo aumentado de mortalidad.

Objetivo. Evaluar los factores de riesgo de presentación de bacteriemia por P. aeruginosa resistente a carbapenémicos adquirida en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2008 y junio de 2014.

Materiales y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles. Los pacientes caso presentaban bacteriemia por P. aeruginosa resistente a carbapenémicos y los controles eran sensibles a este grupo de antibióticos. Fueron medidas variables como uso de meropenem, ertapenem, inmunosupresión, neoplasia. Se describió la mortalidad y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria.

Resultados. Se evaluaron 168 pacientes, 42 casos y 126 controles. En el modelo multivariado se encontraron como factores de riesgo relacionadas con bacteriemia por P. aeruginosa resistente a carbapenémicos adquirida en el hospital: uso de nutrición parenteral OR 8,28, (IC 95%: 2,56 – 26,79; P: 0), uso de meropenem OR 1,15 (IC 95%: 1,03-1,28; P: 0,01) y uso de ciprofloxacina OR 81,99 (IC 95%: 1,14 – 5884; P=0,043)

Conclusión. Para el control de la emergencia de P. aeruginosa resistente a carbapenémicos se deben fortalecer los programas de control de antimicrobianos, promoviendo el uso prudente de carbapenemicos y quinolonas; adicionalmente se debe vigilar el uso adecuado de la nutrición parenteral.
Tratamiento exitoso de linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica y coagulación intravascular diseminada secundarios a histoplasmosis en un paciente con VIH/sida
Authors: Nieto John Fredy , Gómez Sandra Milena , Moncada Diana Carolina , Serna Lina Maria , Hidrón Alicia Inés
Published: April 2016

La linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica es un síndrome poco frecuente que resulta de una activación no controlada de los macrófagos y linfocitos, donde se produce un compromiso multiorgánico que es potencialmente fatal sin el tratamiento oportuno. Puede ser de causa hereditaria o secundaria a procesos infecciosos, neoplásicos o autoinmunes. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con VIH/sida que desarrolló linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica más coagulación intravascular diseminada asociados a histoplasmosis y que fue exitosamente tratado con anfotericina B, esteroides y soporte dialítico transitorio. 
Infección orofacial por Conidiobolus coronatus reporte de caso
Authors: Moncada Diana Carolina , Montes Melisa , Molina Verónica , Velásquez Jorge Byron , Gómez Carlos Ignacio
Published: April 2016

La entomoftoromicosis es un tipo de micosis subcutánea, a ella pertenecen la basidiobolomicosis y la conidiobolomicosis; ésta última es causada por Conidiobolus coronatus, un hongo saprobio que habita el suelo de países tropicales. Característicamente ésta micosis genera afección rinofacial y compromete los tejidos blandos de la cara, senos paranasales y orofarínge, con una potencial capacidad de deformar el rostro en personas sin inmunodeficiencia aparente. Tiene un curso crónico con tendencia a la formación de granulomas vistos en la histología.

Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 28 años, agricultor, con un cuadro clínico de 6 meses de evolución de tumefacción rinofacial, obstrucción nasal y escurrimiento posterior, a quién se le realizó el diagnóstico de conidiobolomicosis por medio de cultivo de tejido después de múltiples biopsias del área facial.

Recibió tratamiento antifúngico con anfotericina B y posteriomente con itraconazol con dramática mejoría sin requerir tratamiento quirúrgico; el tratamiento con itraconazol se extendió por un año y al final de éste no hubo evidencia de recaída.

Dada la baja frecuencia de esta enfermedad no hay una estrategia de tratamiento establecida, sin embargo el uso de azoles como itraconazol viene en ascenso en los diferentes reportes de caso con o sin tratamiento quirúrgico adyuvante. Este reporte de caso se une a la experiencia clínica en Colombia acerca de esta micosis infrecuente y además describe la respuesta clínica y terapéutica a largo plazo.
Positive 14-3-3 and tau proteins in a sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease case and a brief perspective of prion diseases in Colombia
Authors: Escandón-Vargas Kevin , Zorrilla-Vaca Andrés , Corral-Prado Raúl Heli
Published: April 2016

Las enfermedades priónicas son desordenes neurodegenerativos raros que ocurren mundialmente y afectan tanto humanos como animales. En el presente artículo, reportamos un caso de diagnóstico confirmado de enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob esporádica. Además del examen neuropatológico, las proteínas 14-3-3 y tau fueron herramientas valiosas que apoyaron el diagnóstico. También presentamos una breve perspectiva de las enfermedades priónicas reportadas en Colombia a la fecha. Aunque la incidencia de las enfermedades priónicas es desconocida en Colombia, nuestra búsqueda en la literatura reveló que un caso de tembladera (scrapie) en 1981 y 29 casos esporádicos de Creutzfeldt-Jakob han sido documentados y publicados en nuestro país.
Prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-T. cruzi en mujeres edad fértil en Socotá, Boyacá, 2014
Authors: Monroy Ángela Liliana , Pedraza Adriana María , Prada Carlos Fernando
Published: April 2016

Introducción. La enfermedad de Chagas es una parasitosis causada por el protozoo Trypanosoma cruzi. Esta afección presenta factores de riesgo epidemiológicos asociados con condiciones socioeconómicas, siendo actualmente un importante problema de salud pública. Su presencia se informa en regiones endémicas con una altura inferior a los 2.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar.

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-T. cruzi y los posibles factores asociados a esta condición en mujeres del municipio de Socotá, Boyacá.

Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, en una población de mujeres en edad fértil del municipio de Socotá, Boyacá. Las muestras fueron analizadas con la prueba de ELISA en micropocillo Chagas IgG +IgM y la prueba serológica de hemaglutinación indirecta (HAI). Se consideraron como confirmados aquellos casos que tenían Elisa y HAI positivo. Se realizó un análisis univariado y una asociación estadística de variables.

Resultados. Se halló una prevalencia confirmada del 1,4% (2/138) en este municipio. Se encontró como factores asociados la tenencia de animales en la casa y el contacto con el vector pero sin significancia estadística.

Conclusiones. A partir de los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio, se sugiere una búsqueda activa de casos de la enfermedad de Chagas en zonas no endémicas en Colombia que posean los factores de riesgo para la adquisición de la enfermedad, aun cuando las condiciones climáticas y la altura sobre el nivel del mar varían con respecto a lo descrito en la literatura.
Production of recombinant proteins from Plasmodium falciparum in Escherichia coli
Authors: Guerra Ángela Patricia , Calvo Eliana Patricia , Wasserman Moisés , Chaparro-Olaya Jacqueline
Published: April 2016

Introducción. La producción de proteínas recombinantes es fundamental para el estudio funcional de proteínas de Plasmodium falciparum. Sin embargo, las proteínas recombinantes de P. falciparum están entre las más difíciles de expresar y cuando lo hacen usualmente se agregan dentro de cuerpos de inclusión insolubles.

Objetivo. Evaluar la producción de cuatro proteínas de P. falciparum, usando como sistema de expresión dos cepas de Escherichia coli genéticamente modificadas para favorecer la producción de proteínas heterólogas y establecer una reserva de proteínas recombinantes puras y solubles y producir anticuerpos policlonales a partir de ellas.

Materiales y métodos. Las proteínas recombinantes, las cuales correspondían a secuencias parciales de PfMyoA (Miosina-A) y PfGAP50 (proteína-asociada a glideosoma-50 kDa) y a las secuencias completas de PfMTIP (proteína de interacción con Miosina-A) y PfGAP45 (proteína asociada a glideosoma-45 kDa), fueron expresadas como proteínas de fusión con GST y luego purificadas y usadas para producir anticuerpos policlonales en ratón.

Resultados. La expresión de las proteínas recombinantes fue mucho más eficiente en la cepa BL21-CodonPlus (la cual expresa tRNAs escasos en las bacterias silvestres), que en la cepa BL21-pG-KJE8. En contraste, aunque la cepa BL21-pG-KJE sobreexpresa chaperonas, no redujo la formación de cuerpos de inclusión. Conclusión. El uso de cepas de E. coli genéticamente modificadas fue fundamental para alcanzar altos niveles de expresión de las cuatro proteínas recombinantes evaluadas y permitió obtener dos de ellas en forma soluble. La estrategia utilizada permitió expresar cuatro proteínas recombinantes de P. falciparum en cantidad suficiente para inmunizar ratones y producir anticuerpos policlonales, y además conservar proteína pura y soluble de dos de ellas, para ensayos futuros.
The macroevolution of size and complexity in insect male genitalia
Authors: Rudoy Andrey , Ribera Ignacio
Published: April 2016

The evolution of insect male genitalia has received much attention, but there is still a lack of data on the macroevolutionary origin of its extraordinary variation. We used a calibrated molecular phylogeny of 71 of the 150 known species of the beetle genusLimnebiusto study the evolution of the size and complexity of the male genitalia in its two subgenera,Bilimneus, with small species with simple genitalia, andLimnebiuss.str., with a much larger variation in size and complexity. We reconstructed ancestral values of complexity (perimeter and fractal dimension of the aedeagus) and genital and body size with Bayesian methods. Complexity evolved more in agreement with a Brownian model, although with evidence of weak directional selection to a decrease or increase in complexity in the two subgenera respectively, as measured with an excess of branches with negative or positive change. On the contrary, aedeagus size, the variable with the highest rates of evolution, had a lower phylogenetic signal, without significant differences between the two subgenera in the average change of the individual branches of the tree. Aedeagus size also had a lower correlation with time and no evidence of directional selection. Rather than to directional selection, it thus seems that the higher diversity of the male genitalia inLimnebiuss.str. is mostly due to the larger variance of the phenotypic change in the individual branches of the tree for all measured variables.
Effects of Task Interruption and Background Speech on Word Processed Writing
Authors: Keus van de Poll Marijke , Sörqvist Patrik
Published: April 2016

Task interruptions and background speech, both part of the everyday situation in office environments, impair cognitive performance. The current experiments explored the combined effects of background speech and task interruptions on word processed writing—arguably, a task representative of office work. Participants wrote stories, in silence or in the presence of background speech (monologues, halfalogues and dialogues), and were occasionally interrupted by a secondary task. Writing speed was comparably low during the immediate period after the interruption (Experiments 1 and 2); it took 10–15 s to regain full writing speed. Background speech had only a small effect on performance (Experiment 1), but a dialogue was more disruptive than a halfalogue (Experiment 2). Background speech did not add to the cost caused by task interruptions. However, subjective measures suggested that speech, just as interruptions, contributed to perceived workload. The findings are discussed in view of attentional capture and interference‐by‐process mechanisms.© 2016 The Authors. Applied Cognitive Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A de novo interstitial deletion of 7q31.2q31.31 identified in a girl with developmental delay and hearing loss
Authors: Zhao Jianhua , Noon Sarah E. , Krantz Ian D. , Wu Yaning
Published: April 2016

We report on a 4‐year‐old female who presented with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and a concern for developmental delay. A genome‐wide SNP array analysis was performed and revealed a de novo 3.2 Mb interstitial deletion of chromosome 7q31.2q31.31. This region contains thirteen protein‐encoding genes. It is unknown whether haploinsufficiency of any of these genes is responsible for the clinical features of our patient. We reviewed, the clinical phenotype of a previously published 7q31.3 deletion patient and 18 additional patients with overlapping 7q31 deletions listed in the DECIPHER database. The most consistent feature in these patients and our proband is delayed speech and language development. Hearing loss is presented both in our proband and the published 7q31.3 patient. Our study suggests that a small region on chromosome 7q31.3 encompassing four genes, CFTR, CTTNBP2, NAA38, and ANKRD7, may represent a new locus for congenital hearing loss and/or speech development. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel magnetic nano‐palladium Schiff base complex: application in cross‐coupling reactions
Authors: Aghayee Millad , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Keypour Hassan , Yarie Meysam , Mohammadi Leila
Published: April 2016

A novel and task‐specific nano‐magnetic Schiff base ligand with phosphate spacer using 2‐aminoethyl dihydrogen phosphate instead of usual coating agents, i.e. tetraethoxysilane and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane, for coating of nano‐magnetic Fe3O4 is introduced. The nano‐magnetic Schiff base ligand with phosphate spacer as a novel catalyst was synthesized and fully characterized using infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry, vibrating sample magnetometry, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The resulting task‐specific nano‐magnetic Schiff base ligand with phosphate spacer was successfully employed as a magnetite Pd nanoparticle‐supported catalyst for Sonogashira and Mizoroki–Heck C–C coupling reactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the synthesis and applications of magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4@O2PO2(CH2)2NH2 as a suitable spacer for the preparation of a designable Schiff base ligand and its corresponding Pd complex. So the present work can open up a new and promising insight in the course of rational design, synthesis and applications of various task‐specific magnetic nanoparticle complexes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formulation of a novel soybean protein‐based wood adhesive with desired water resistance and technological applicability
Authors: Fan Bo , Zhang LeiPeng , Gao ZhenHua , Zhang Yuehong , Shi Junyou , Li Jianzhang
Published: April 2016

A novel soybean protein‐based wood adhesive with good bond strength, excellent water resistance, and the desired technological applicability was formulated by combining thermal alkali degradation, thermal acid treatment, and crosslinking. The characterization results indicated that thermal alkali degradation could effectively improve the technological applicability, thermal acid treatment could positively improve the water resistance, and appropriate crosslinking modification could significantly enhance the bond strength and water resistance of the soybean protein adhesive. The crosslinker species, crosslinker level, and ratio of thermal alkali‐degraded soybean protein (DSP) to thermal acid‐treated soybean protein (TSP) had important effects on the primary properties of the soybean protein adhesives. The modified polyamide aqueous solution was the most preferable crosslinker because of its low viscosity, good crosslinking efficiency, and excellent miscibility with soybean protein solution. The optimal soybean protein adhesive that was formulated from 20 wt % modified polyamide as the crosslinker and a DSP/TSP ratio of 1:3 had a solid content of more than 35 wt %, suitable viscosity (∼2180 mPa s), a long work life (>16 h), good dry bond strength (2.94 MPa), and 28 h of boiling–dry–boiling cycled wet strength (1.29 MPa) that met the required values for structural use according to JIS K6806‐2003 commercial standards. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43586.
Influence of support layer and PDMS coating conditions on composite membrane performance for ethanol/water separation by pervaporation
Authors: Naik Parimal V , Bernstein Roy , Vankelecom Ivo F. J
Published: April 2016

A systematic study was performed on the combination of support properties and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating conditions for the lab‐scale preparation of a defect‐free, thin film composite membrane for organophilic pervaporation. Support layers having comparable surface porosities were prepared from three polymers with different chemical composition (PVDF, PSF, PI). Their exact role on the deposition of the PDMS coating (i.e., wetting and intrusion) and the final membrane performance (i.e., effect on mass transfer of the permeants) was studied. The crosslinking behavior of dilute PDMS solutions was studied by viscosity measurements to optimize the coating layer thickness, support intrusion and wetting. It was found essential to pre‐crosslink the PDMS solution for a certain time prior to the coating. Dip time for coating the PDMS solution on the supports was varied by using automated dip coating machine. The performance of the synthesized membranes was tested in the separation of ethanol/water mixtures by pervaporation. Both flux and selectivity of the membranes were clearly influenced by the support layer. Resistance of the support layers increased by increasing the polymer concentration in the casting solutions of the supports. Increasing the dip time of the PDMS coating solution led to increased selectivity of the composite membranes. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis of the composite membranes showed that this leads to a minor increase in the thickness of the PDMS top layer. Top layer thickness increased linearly with the square root of the dip time (t0.5) at a constant withdrawal speed of the support. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43670.
Estimation of train dwell time at short stops based on track occupation event data: A study at a Dutch railway station
Authors: Li Dewei , Daamen Winnie , Goverde Rob M. P.
Published: April 2016

Train dwell time is one of the most unpredictable components of railway operations, mainly because of the varying volumes of alighting and boarding passengers. However, for reliable estimations of train running times and route conflicts on main lines, it is necessary to obtain accurate estimations of dwell times at the intermediate stops on the main line, the so‐called short stops. This is a great challenge for a more reliable, efficient and robust train operation. Previous research has shown that the dwell time is highly dependent on the number of boarding and alighting passengers. However, these numbers are usually not available in real time. This paper discusses the possibility of a dwell time estimation model at short stops without passenger demand information by means of a statistical analysis of track occupation data from the Netherlands. The analysis showed that the dwell times are best estimated for peak and off‐peak hours separately. The peak‐hour dwell times are estimated using a linear regression model of train length, dwell times at previous stops and dwell times of the preceding trains. The off‐peak‐hour dwell times are estimated using a non‐parametric regression model, in particular, the k‐nearest neighbor model. There are two major advantages of the proposed estimation models. First, the models do not need passenger flow data, which is usually impossible to obtain in real time in practice. Second, detailed parameters of rolling stock configuration and platform layout are not required, which makes the model more generic and eases implementation. A case study at Dutch railway stations shows that the estimation accuracy is 85.8%–88.5% during peak hours and 80.1% during off‐peak hours, which is relatively high. We conclude that the estimation of dwell times at short stop stations without passenger data is possible. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the Chemical Molar Ratio on the Copper Nanoparticles: Controlled‐Surfactants, ‐Reducing Agents, and ‐Precursors
Authors: Kim Chang‐Wan , Jeong Hakyung , Noh Youngwook , Lee Dongjin , Lee Chongmu , Jin Changhyun
Published: April 2016

Various metallic copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were successfully synthesized through solution‐phase transport chemical reaction with controlled parameter molar ratio: polyvinylpyrrolidone surfactants, sodium hypophosphite reducing agents, and copper sulfate precursors. Scanning electron and transmission electron micrographs revealed the sizes, distributions, and aggregation of the CuNPs obtained with varying molar ratio of synthesis parameters in an ethylene glycol solvent. Moreover, X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of face‐centered cubic microstructures and reduction products of copper ion. The nucleation and growth of CuNPs varied with the extent of chemical reaction. The origins of the differently produced sizes and distributions of the CuNPs were considered.
HuR‐regulated lncRNA NEAT1 stability in tumorigenesis and progression of ovarian cancer
Authors: Chai Yiqing , Liu Jie , Zhang Zhikun , Liu Liwei
Published: April 2016

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as pivotal regulators in governing fundamental biological processes, as well as in tumorigenesis. The nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) is one of the most highly regulated lncRNAs in recent genomic datasets, however, its biological role and regulatory mechanism in ovarian cancer (OC) development and progression are poorly defined. In this study, we identified that NEAT1 was up‐regulated in OC patients and cell lines, and its expression was associated with the FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of NEAT1_1 in OVCAR‐3 cell lines promoted cell proliferation and invasion, whereas knockdown of NEAT1_1 did the opposite. Furthermore, NEAT1_1 was stabilized by an RNA‐binding protein HuR, but suppressed by miR‐124‐3p in OC cells. Accordingly, the increased HuR mRNA and decreased miR‐124‐3p levels were observed in OC patients. These results suggested that lncRNA NEAT1, whose expression was collaboratively controlled by HuR and miR‐124‐3p, could regulate ovarian carcinogenesis and may serve as a potential target for antineoplastic therapies.
ChemInform Abstract: EPR EXAMINATION OF IRON(III) COPRECIPITATED WITH SOME RARE EARTH OXIDES
Authors: SARASWAT I. P. , VAJPEI A. C. , GARG V. K. , SOOTHA G. D. , GUPTA S. K.
Published: April 2016

X‐Band‐EPR‐Spektren von Fe(III)‐Ionen in La‐, Pr‐ und Nd‐oxid‐Gittem (Darstellung durch gemeinsame Fällung aus wäßrigen Lösungen von 3 Gew.‐% Fe(III) und 97 Gew.‐% La(III) mit NH3 und Wärmebehandlung des Niederschlags (600°C, 24 h)) werden bei 80 K aufgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: LOW‐POWER‐PULSED CARBON DIOXIDE‐LASER‐INDUCED CHEMISTRY OF SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE‐SENSITIZED DIBORANE. EVIDENCE FOR THERMAL STEERING
Authors: RILEY C. , SHATAS R.
Published: April 2016

Die SFG‐sensibilisierte (BH)n‐Bildung durch Bestrahlung von BzHö , die auf 2 getrennten Wegen stattfindet, von denen einer relativ schnell abläuft, wird mit Hilfe eines mechanisch zerhackten oder elektrisch gepulsten Lasers untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: CLUSTERING REACTIONS OF THE PROTONATED NITROGEN N2H+ WITH HYDROGEN MOLECULE IN THE GAS PHASE
Authors: HIRAOKA K.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktionen A werden in einem Massenspektrometer mit gepulstem Elektronenstrahl und Hochdruckionenquelle untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF COPPER SULFIDES IN AQUEOUS AMMONIA. I. FORMATION OF SULFUR
Authors: FILMER A. O. , PARKER A. J. , WADLEY L. G. B.
Published: April 2016

Die Oxidation von CuS oder Cu2S in ammoniakalischer wäßriger Lösung verläuft unter geeigneten Reaktionsbedingungen unter Bildung großer Anteile an elementarem S. Das Molverhältnis NH3/lösliches Cu muß > 10:1 sein, die Lösung muß nahe pH 10.3 gepuffert sein ( ;z.B. mit (NH4)2SO4),die Temp. muß unter 40°C liegen und der O2‐Partialdruck sollte so hoch wie praktikabel liegen.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL‐RARE GAS INTERACTION. A NEW BOND?
Authors: DEMUYNCK J. , KOCHANSKI E. , VEILLARD A.
Published: April 2016

Die Wechselwirkung zwischen den Pentacarbonylen M(CO)5 (M: Cr und Mo) und Edelgasatomen X (X: Ar, Kr, Xe) wurde mittels ab‐initio‐Berechnungen an dem SCF‐ und Dispersionsenergie‐Niveau untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: AQUEOUS SOLUTION EQUILIBRIUMS INVOLVING THE LIGAND 2,2,4‐TRIMETHYL‐1,5,9‐TRIAZACYCLODODECANE AND NICKEL(II), COPPER(II), AND ZINC(II)
Authors: RENFREW R. W. , JAMISON R. S. , WEATHERBURN D. C.
Published: April 2016

Die zwischen dem Titelliganden L′ und Ni(II), Cu(II) und Zn(II) in wäßriger Lösunggebildeten Komplexe (I)‐(IV) werden potentiometrisch und spektrophotometrisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: BILIRUBIN ACIDITY. TITRIMETRIC AND CARBON‐13 NMR STUDIES
Authors: HANSEN P. E. , THIESSEN H. , BRODERSEN R.
Published: April 2016

Bei der acidimetrischen indirekten Titration in überschüssiger NaOH‐Lösung verbraucht Bilirubin IX‐oz Zwei Äquivalente NaOH zur Neutralisation der beiden Carboxylgruppen (pK 7).
ChemInform Abstract: ARYLCYCLOPROPANE PHOTOCHEMISTRY. SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON THE PHOTOCHEMICAL CYCLOPROPYLCARBINYL‐HOMOALLYL REARRANGEMENT OF 2‐ARYLCYCLOPROPYLCARBINYL ACETATES
Authors: HIXSON S. S. , GERE J. A. , FRANKE L. A.
Published: April 2016

Bestrahlung der substituierten Acetate (Ia) und (Ic) bzw. der Ester (Ib) und (Id) in Acetonitril führt [außer für X: m‐OMe] zu den entsprechenden homoallylischen Verbindungen (II), während bei der Bestrahlung von (Ic) und (Id) in Methanol zusätzlich die Methylether (IIIc) und (IIId) als prim. Photoprodukte gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: MATRIX ISOLATION OF A TRIPLET BIRADICAL FROM A CARBENE PRECURSOR
Authors: PLATZ M. S.
Published: April 2016

Die Photolyse der durch HgO‐Oxidation des entsprechenden Naphthaldehyd‐Hydrazons leicht zugänglichen Diazoverbindung (I) in Perfluorbenzol bei 77 Kliefert das Titelradikal (III) (ESR‐Spektrum).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGIC DISTRIBUTION OF MERCAPTO DERIVATIVES OF PALMITIC ACID
Authors: LIVNI E. , DAVIS M. A. , WARNER V. D.
Published: April 2016

Die Palmitinsäure (II) und Dicarbonsäure (VI), deren Herstellung im Formelschema beschrieben ist, sowie 2‐Mercaptopalmitinsäure werden auf ihre Verteilung in Ratten als 35S‐markierte Verbindungen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVITY IN THE ENE REACTION OF HEXAFLUOROTHIOACETONE. THE PREPARATION OF ALLYLIC SULFIDES
Authors: INOUYE Y. , BURTON D. J.
Published: April 2016

Die Olefine (I) reagieren mit Hexafluorthioaceton (II) in einer En‐Reaktion zu den Allylsulfiden (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SMALL RINGS. PART 31. TRIMETHYLENECYCLOBUTANE
Authors: MARTIN H.‐D. , MAYER B.
Published: April 2016

Aus a,a‐Dibrom‐glutarsäureester erhält man mit Cyanessigsäureester nach Hydrolyse glatt die Cyclobutantricarbonsäure (Ia), aus der das Tris‐säurechlorid (Ib), weiter das Amid (Ic) und das Tris‐dimethylaminomethylcyclobutan (Id) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS. XV. NEW AROMATIC NITROGEN MUSTARDS ABLE TO BE COUPLED WITH PROTEINS
Authors: NICULESCU‐DUVAZ I. , TOMA A. , ROTARU M. , IONESCU D. , BARACU I. , BOTEZ G. , TARNAUCEANU E. , DOBRE V.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Anilinen (I) werden mit Ethylenoxid (II) die Bis‐ β‐hydroxyethylaniline (III) erhalten, die mit SOCl2 oder PCl3 zu den Bis‐β‐chlorethylanilinen (IV) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXY‐ AND AMINO‐SUBSTITUTED BENZOHYDROXAMIC ACIDS: INHIBITION OF RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY
Authors: VAN'T RIET B. , WAMPLER G. L. , ELFORD H. L.
Published: April 2016

Aus (I) erhält man in alkalischem Medium mit Hydroxylamin und in Gegenwart von Natriumsulfit, das eine Oxidation des Benzoats verhindert, die Hydroxamate (II) und nach Ansäuern die Hydroxamsäuren (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF INDANOL AND NAPHTHOL DERIVATIVES OF EXPECTED BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: REGAILA H. A. A.
Published: April 2016

Der Bernsteinsäurehalbester (I) cyclisiert zum Bicyclus (II), der nach Hydrolyse die Hydroxycarbonsäure (III) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES WITH NITRILES, 52: REACTIVITY OF THE NEW CODIMER FROM MALONONITRILE, CYANOACETATE AND DIMER CYANOACETATE WITH BENZILS
Authors: THIERRICHTER B. , JUNEK H.
Published: April 2016

Kondensation der Benzile (I) mit den Cyancrotonsäurederivaten (II) gibt die Pyrroline (III), von denen sich (IIIa), (IIIb) und (IIId) mit NaOH oder besser in verdünnter Na‐alkoholatlösung zu den Pyrrolidinonen (IV) umlagem.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF 2,2,2‐TRIFLUORODIAZOETHANE WITH CARBON‐NITROGEN AND CARBON‐OXYGEN MULTIPLE BONDS
Authors: FIELDS R. , TOMLINSON J.
Published: April 2016

2,2 ,2‐Trifluorodiazoethan (I) reagiert mit den Trihalogenoacetonitrilen (II) zu den l ,2,3‐Triazolen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF 6‐ISOBUTYL‐α‐METHYL‐3‐PYRIDINEACETIC ACID
Authors: RYNBRANDT R. H. , TIFFANY B. D. , BALGOYEN D. P. , NISHIZAWA E. E. , MENDOZA A. R.
Published: April 2016

Das Nitril (I) wird über (II)‐(V) in das Epoxid (VI) umgewandelt, das aber nicht in die gewünschte Verbindung (VII) übergeführt werden kan Letztere ist dagegen ausgehend von (I) über den Enolether (X) zugänglich, der sich oxidativ in den Carbonsäureester (XI) umlagern läßt. Die Chlorcarbonsäure (XII) wird zur Verbindung (XIII) verestert und dechloriert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION WITH 6‐ACETYL‐3,5‐DIARYLCYCLOHEXEN‐1‐ONES SYNTHESIZED BY MICHAEL REACTION OF ACETYLACETONE WITH DICHLOROCHALCONES
Authors: SAMMOUR A. , ELZAWAHRY M. , ELHASHASH M. , NAGY A.
Published: April 2016

Das Chalcon (I) reagiert mit Ace‐′ tylaceton (II) in der Kälte zu dem Adduk‐t (III), während in der Hitze neben den Bisaddukten (V) die Cyclohexenone (IV) gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS AND MASS SPECTRA OF 4‐ARYL‐2,3,1‐BENZOXAZONES
Authors: FAHMY A. F. M. , ALY N. , ORABY M.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Aroylbenzoesäureaziden (I) werden mit Hydroxylamin die Benzoxazone (II) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROPHANES, 2. SYNTHESES ON ANSABRIDGES OF (2,5)‐PYRIDINOPHANES, I
Authors: REINSHAGEN H. , STUETZ A.
Published: April 2016

Die Funktionalisierung der Ansabrücke der Pyridinophane (I) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,6‐DIAZABICYCLO(4.4.4)TETRADECANE AND ITS OXIDIZED IONS
Authors: ALDER R. W. , SESSIONS R. B.
Published: April 2016

Die drei Oxidationszustände (IV), (V) und (III) der Titelverbindung werden isoliert, und ihre Eigenschaften und Strukturen werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PROPELLANES. I. 3,6,10,13‐TETRATHIA(4,5,11,12‐TRANS‐DICYCLOHEXANO)‐(6.6.1)PROPELLANE
Authors: JAMROZIK J.
Published: April 2016

Kondensation des Tetrabrommethylcyclopropans (I) mit dem trans‐ Dimercaptocyclohexan (II) führt zum neuen Propellan (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEM (PERHYDRO‐1,2,5,6‐DITHIADIAZOCINE‐4,7‐DIONE)
Authors: MAHMOOD A. A. , FAYADH J. M.
Published: April 2016

Mercaptoessigsäureester (I) reagiert mit Hydrazin (II) zu dem Diacylhydrazin (III), welches mit Dinitrofluorbenzol (IV) das Bisulfid (V) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF DIAZOACETIC ACID ESTERS WITH SILYL‐SUBSTITUTED ACETYLENES AND PREPARATION OF 1‐H‐ AND 1,2‐DI‐H‐CYCLOPROPENE‐3‐CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR ESTERS
Authors: DOLGII I. E. , OKONNISHNIKOVA G. P. , NEFEDOV O. M.
Published: April 2016

Läßt man auf Diazoessigsäure‐methylester (I) bei 100 ‐ 110°C den 8‐fachen Überschuß von Methyl‐trialkylsilyl‐acetylen (II) einwirken (Katalysator: Kupfer oder Kupfersulfat), so entstehen die 1‐Methyl‐2‐trialkylsilyl‐cyclopropen‐3‐carbonsäuremethylester (III) mit Ausbeuten bis 54%.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLO‐HYDROSILYLATION: A NOVEL ROUTE TO SILOXETANES AND SILANONES
Authors: LANE T. H. , FRYE C. L.
Published: April 2016

Die aus (III) erhaltenen Hydrosilylierungsprodukte (V) und (VII)‐(IX) lassen die intermediäre Entstehung des Silanons (VI) vermuten.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF DIISOPROPYL HYDROGEN DITHIOPHOSPHATE WITH CARBOXYLIC ACID NITRILES
Authors: PUDOVIK A. N. , CHERKASOV R. A. , ZIMIN M. G. , ZABIROV N. G.
Published: April 2016

Der Dithiophosphorsäure‐0,0‐diisopropylester (II) setzt sich mit den Nitrilen der Benzoesäure (Ia), Phenylessigsäure (Ib) bzw. Cyanessigsäureethylester (Ic) bei 20°C während 10 ‐ 15 Tagen über die Anlagerungsverbindungen (III), die N‐(O,O‐Diisopropyl‐thiophosphoryl)‐thioalkylamide (IV) und mehrere weitere Zwischenstufen und Umlagerungen zu den Thioalkylamiden (V) und Tetraisopropyl‐trithiopyrophosphat (VI) um.