bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The AtGenExpress hormone and chemical treatment data set: experimental design, data evaluation, model data analysis and data access
Authors: Goda Hideki , Sasaki Eriko , Akiyama Kenji , Maruyama‐Nakashita Akiko , Nakabayashi Kazumi , Li Weiqiang , Ogawa Mikihiro , Yamauchi Yukika , Preston Jeremy , Aoki Ko , Kiba Takatoshi , Takatsuto Suguru , Fujioka Shozo , Asami Tadao , Nakano Takeshi , Kato Hisashi , Mizuno Takeshi , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Nambara Eiji , Kamiya Yuji , Takahashi Hideki , Hirai Masami Yokota , Sakurai Tetsuya , Shinozaki Kazuo , Saito Kazuki , Yoshida Shigeo , Shimada Yukihisa
Published: May 2008

We analyzed global gene expression in Arabidopsis in response to various hormones and in related experiments as part of the AtGenExpress project. The experimental agents included seven basic phytohormones (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, brassinosteroid, abscisic acid, jasmonate and ethylene) and their inhibitors. In addition, gene expression was investigated in hormone‐related mutants and during seed germination and sulfate starvation. Hormone‐inducible genes were identified from the hormone response data. The effects of each hormone and the relevance of the gene lists were verified by comparing expression profiles for the hormone treatments and related experiments using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. This approach was also used to analyze the relationships among expression profiles for hormone responses and those included in the AtGenExpress stress‐response data set. The expected correlations were observed, indicating that this approach is useful to monitor the hormonal status in the stress‐related samples. Global interactions among hormones‐inducible genes were analyzed in a pairwise fashion, and several known and novel hormone interactions were detected. Genome‐wide transcriptional gene‐to‐gene correlations, analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), indicated that our data set is useful for identification of clusters of co‐expressed genes, and to predict the functions of unknown genes, even if a gene’s function is not directly related to the experiments included in AtGenExpress. Our data are available online from AtGenExpressJapan; the results of genome‐wide HCA are available from PRIMe. The data set presented here will be a versatile resource for future hormone studies, and constitutes a reference for genome‐wide gene expression in Arabidopsis.
What do patients really want? Patients’ preferences for treatment for angina
Authors: Bowling Ann , Culliford Lucy , Smith David , Rowe Gene , Reeves Barnaby C.
Published: May 2008

Objective  To measure preferences for angina treatments among patients admitted from accident and emergency with acute coronary syndrome.

Background  Evidence suggests variability in treatment allocations amongst certain socio‐demographic groups (e.g. related to age and sex), although it is unclear whether this reflects patient choice, as research on patients’ treatment preferences is sparse. Given current policy emphasis on ‘patient choice’, providers need to anticipate patients’ preferences to plan appropriate and acceptable health services.

Design  Self‐administered questionnaire survey.

Setting  In‐patients in a UK hospital.

Participants  A convenience sample of 53 newly admitted patients with acute coronary syndrome. Exclusion criteria were: a previous cardiologist consultation (including previous revascularization); a clinical judgement of too ill to participate; post‐admission death; non‐cardiac reasons for chest pain.

Main outcome measures  Patients’ preferences for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG); angioplasty; and two medication alternatives.

Results  Angioplasty was the preferred treatment (for 80% of respondents), and CABG was second (most preferred by 19%, but second most preferred for 60%). The two least preferred (and least acceptable) treatments were medications. The majority of patients (83%) would ‘choose treatment based on the extent of benefits’ and ‘accept any treatment, no matter how extreme, to return to health’. There were some differences in preference related to age (>70 years preferred medication to a greater degree than <70 years) and sex (males preferred CABG surgery more than females).

Conclusions  There was general preference for procedural interventions over medication, but most patients would accept any treatment, however extreme, to return to former health. There was some evidence of differences in preferences related to age and sex. Furthermore, most patients preferred to have some input into treatment choice (e.g. nearly half wanted to share decision responsibility with their doctor), with only 4% preferring to leave the decision entirely to their doctor. Given these findings, and past findings that suggest there may be variability in treatment allocation according to certain socio‐demographic factors, this study suggests a need to develop and use preference measures, and makes a step towards this.
Exploring patient perceptions of larval therapy as a potential treatment for venous leg ulceration
Authors: Spilsbury Karen , Cullum Nicky , Dumville Jo , O’Meara Susan , Petherick Emily , Thompson Carl
Published: May 2008

Objectives  To explore patient preferences and acceptability of two forms of larval therapy (‘bagged’ and ‘loose’).

Background  Larval therapy is frequently used to treat patients with leg ulcers. However, patient preferences and acceptability of larval therapy when compared with other treatments is not established.

Design  A survey of patient preferences between larvae and standard therapy (hydrogel) using randomized allocation of two questionnaires (‘bagged’ or ‘loose’ questionnaire). The questionnaire contained closed and open‐response questions and was administered by a nurse researcher. Open responses enabled exploration of patients’ preferences and the acceptability of larval therapy when compared with a standard treatment. Qualitative data were analysed for thematic content.

Setting and participants  Thirty‐five participants, aged 18 years and above, with at least one venous leg ulcer were recruited from a UK Hospital Vascular Outpatients Clinic.

Findings  Majority of participants stated that they would consider larval therapy, irrespective of method of containment. Acceptance of therapy was influenced by length of time with (or recurrence of) ulceration, experiences of other treatments, social contact in hospitals and the experiences of others. Visual imagery was a key influence among participants who would refuse larval therapy. Refusal was mostly among older women (aged 70 years or above).

Conclusions  Eliciting patient preferences and increasing patient involvement in treatment decisions is an important part of quality improvement and improved health outcomes. These findings have relevance for practitioners offering larval therapy as a treatment option and for the feasibility of clinical trials.
Selection on multiple QTL with control of gene diversity and inbreeding for long‐term benefit
Authors: Li Y. , Kadarmideen H. N. , Dekkers J. C. M.
Published: May 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop and investigate selection strategies that aim at maximizing long‐term genetic response while conserving gene diversity and controlling inbreeding in populations of limited effective size, assuming complete knowledge of all genes affecting a quantitative trait. Three selection strategies were proposed to select on 100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) and compared with truncation selection on breeding value. Alternative selection strategies aimed at maximizing the average breeding value of parents with a penalty on (1) the number of unfavourable QTL genotypes among parents (OS‐I), (2) the negative of the logarithm of the frequency of the favourable allele at each QTL among parents (OS‐II), and (3) the average pedigree relationship among parents (OS‐III). When all QTL and their effects were known, the strategies examined were able to obtain extra long‐term responses, conserve QTL diversity and reduce inbreeding, compared with truncation selection. Strategy OS‐II was the most effective in conserving QTL diversity and OS‐III in reducing inbreeding. By changing the magnitude of the penalties applied, the impact on long‐term response, inbreeding and diversity can be controlled. Extra long‐term responses over truncation selection of OS‐I and OS‐II were even greater when effects of QTL were estimated rather than assumed known, indicating the applicability of results to practical strategies for marker‐assisted selection. Extra responses are expected to be reduced for larger population sizes.
Genetic variation at the alpha‐1‐fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene in Asian wild boar and Chinese and Western commercial pig breeds
Authors: Bao W.B. , Wu S.L. , Musa H.H. , Zhu G.Q. , Chen G.H.
Published: May 2008

Escherichia coli F18 bacteria producing enterotoxins and/or shigatoxin (ETEC/STEC) are main pathogens that cause oedema disease and postweaning diarrhoea in piglets, and alpha‐1‐fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene has been identified as a candidate gene for controlling the expression of ETEC F18 receptor. The genetic variations at nucleotide position 307 in open reading frame of FUT1 gene in one wild boar breed and 20 western commercial and Chinese native pig breeds were investigated by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results showed that the genetic polymorphisms of the FUT1 locus were only detected in western pig breeds and the Chinese Taihu (including Meishan pig, Fengjing pig and Erhualian pig), Huai and Lingao pig breeds; only Duroc and Pietrain possessed the resistant AA genotype, while the wild boar and other Chinese pig breeds only presented the susceptible genotype GG. The results indicated that Chinese native pig breeds lack genetic factors providing resistance to ETEC F18 bacteria. The resistant allele to ETEC F18 might originate from European wild boar. It was inferred that oedema and postweaning diarrhoea caused by ETEC F18 have close relationship with the growth rate, which can explain why on the contrary Chinese native pig breeds have stronger resistance to oedema and postweaning diarrhoea in piglets compared with western pig breeds.
Influence of visual and olfactory cues on field trapping of the pollen beetle, Astylus atromaculatus (Col.: Melyridae)
Authors: Van den Berg J. , Torto B. , Pickett J. A. , Smart L. E. , Wadhams L. J. , Woodcock C. M.
Published: May 2008

Field trapping experiments investigated the response of the pollen beetle Astylus atromaculatus to visual and olfactory cues during a 3‐year period, 1999–2001. The visual preference of the pollen beetle was determined using yellow, white, blue, green and red water traps. The yellow trap was most attractive, capturing 56% of the total beetles trapped, with 30% caught by the blue and white traps, while 14% was caught by the red and green traps. The response of the beetle to olfactory cues was then evaluated by using the yellow water trap with three antennally active components identified in the volatiles of sorghum panicles by coupled gas chromatography (GC)–electroantennographic detection and GC–mass spectrometry. These components were 2‐phenylethanol, benzyl alcohol and linalool. There were no significant colour × chemical compound interactions and traps baited with 2‐phenylethanol captured significantly more beetles than unbaited traps, irrespective of trap colour, demonstrating the effectiveness of olfactory cues in trapping the pollen beetle. Traps baited with 2‐phenylethanol were more attractive than and caught more beetles than traps baited with linalool. 2‐Phenylethanol had the greatest effect on the relatively unattractive blue trap, confirming the importance of olfactory cues mediating A. atromaculatus attraction.
Candida endocarditis: role of new antifungal agents
Authors: Talarmin J. P. , Boutoille D. , Tattevin P. , Abgueguen P. , Ansart S. , Roblot F. , Raffi F.
Published: May 2008

Despite the relative high frequency of Candida bloodstream infection, Candida endocarditis is a rare entity. We report seven cases, which occurred during a period of 1 year in western France. Six cases were because of Candida albicans, and one pacemaker endocarditis was because of Candida parapsilosis. All patients were men and presented risk factors for candidaemia. Of the six patients with valvular involvement, five received caspofungin and two had surgical valve replacement. Three patients treated with caspofungin antifungal therapy without valve replacement were cured from endocarditis. Antifungal and surgical strategies are discussed, in particular, the possible role of new antifungal therapies and long‐term suppression therapy without surgery. One patient died in the acute phase of endocarditis, three patients died of causes unrelated to infective endocarditis and three patients had a favourable outcome.
Glans penis and prepuce colonisation of yeast fungi in a paediatric population: pre‐ and postcircumcision results
Authors: Aridogan I. A. , Ilkit Macit , Izol Volkan , Ates Aylin , Demirhindi Hakan
Published: May 2008

The members of the genera Candida and Malassezia comprise opportunistic yeast with a natural habitat on the skin of humans and warm‐blooded animals. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of these yeast fungi in samples from the glans penis and prepuce 3–5 min prior to circumcision and after 1‐month follow‐up by mycological examination. A total of 77 children aged between 0.01 and 13.0 years (mean age 5.8 ± 3.4) were included in the study. Impression preparations were made on modified Dixon and Leeming‐Notman agars without cycloheximide. The isolates were identified by morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics. The frequency of yeast colonisation was found to be significantly decreased from 11.7% to 1.3% following circumcision (P = 0.008). The glans penis and prepuce were colonised with especially Candida albicans (50%) followed by Malassezia furfur (40%) and Malassezia sympodialis (10%). This study highlighted the potential medical benefits of circumcision as a significant factor decreasing the colonisation rate of yeast fungi. We suggest that circumcision, rather than age, plays an important part in the reduction of yeast fungi in genitalia.
Rhino‐cerebral zygomycosis resistant to antimycotic treatment: a case report
Authors: Vyzantiadis Timoleon‐Achilleas , Kioumi Anna , Papadakis Emmanouil , Braimi Margarita , Dermitzakis Emmanouil , Tsitouridis Ioannis , Antoniadis Antonios
Published: May 2008

We report a fatal case of a rhino‐cerebral zygomycosis, caused by Rhizopus arrhizus (oryzae). The patient was suffering from idiopathic thrombopenic purpura, diagnosed 1 year earlier. He was already treated with methylprednisolone 5 months prior to his admission to the hospital for a loss of vision and pain in the left eye as well as left orbital cellulitis. After an initial empirical treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics and voriconazole (infection of unknown origin), the patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin as soon as a positive fungal culture revealed a zygomycete. Unfortunately, the mould was resistant to amphotericin B (MIC: 16 μg ml−1) and probably to posaconazole (MIC: 4 μg ml−1), which was co‐administrated a few days later.
Antifungal susceptibility and genotypes of Candida albicans strains from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Liu X. P. , Fan S. R. , Bai F. Y. , Li J. , Liao Q. P.
Published: May 2008

Studies of the genetic diversity of Candida albicans strains and the correlation between the antifungal susceptibility and gene diversity of C. albicans were carried out and the results were found to be inconsistent. To investigate antifungal susceptibility and genotypes of C. albicans strains from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), the genotypes of C. albicans in patients with VVC were studied using a recently developed polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) of CAI microsatellite method and antifungal susceptibility was tested using E‐test methods. Twenty‐six genotypes were identified from 89 strains of C. albicans isolated from patients with VVC. Candida albicans isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, flucytosine, ketoconazole and fluconazole. The dominant genotypes (A, B, C, D) account for 69.7% (62/89) of C. albicans. The resistant rate of C. albicans genotype B to itraconazole (ITR) and that of C. albicans non‐genotype B strains were 66.7% (14/21) and 4.4% (3/68) respectively at P < 0.05. We concluded that C. albicans genotype B from patients with VVC was more resistant to ITR.
Phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal DNA‐containing bacterioplankton genome fragments from a 4000 m vertical profile in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Pham Vinh D. , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. , Palden Tsultrim , DeLong Edward F.
Published: May 2008

High‐throughput identification of rRNA gene‐containing clones in large insert metagenomic libraries is difficult, because of the high background of host ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and rRNA genes. To address this challenge, a membrane hybridization method was developed to identify all bacterial small subunit rRNA‐containing fosmid clones of microbial community DNA from seven different depths in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Out of 101,376 clones screened, 751 rDNA‐containing clones were identified that grouped in ∼60 different clades. Several rare sequences only remotely related to known groups were detected, including a Wolbachia‐related sequence containing a putative intron or intervening sequence, as well as seven sequences from Order Myxococcales not previously detected in pelagic habitats. Stratified, depth‐specific population structure was evident within both cultured and uncultured lineages. Conversely, some eurybathyal members of the genera Alcanivorax and Rhizobium shared identical small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences that were distributed from surface waters to the 4000 m depth. Comparison with similar analyses in Monterey Bay microbial communities revealed previously recognized, as well as some distinctive, depth‐stratified partitioning that distinguished coastal from open ocean bacterioplankton populations. While some bias was evident in fosmid clone recovery in a few particular lineages, the overall phylogenetic group recovery and distributions were consistent with previous studies, as well as with direct shotgun sequence data from the same source DNA.
Gender‐specific care of diabetes mellitus: particular considerations in the management of diabetic women
Authors: Auryan Szalat , Itamar Raz
Published: May 2008

In the past 30 years, the all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality rates for women with diabetes mellitus (DM), in contrast to men, have not declined. Furthermore, the difference between all‐cause mortality rates in women with DM and those without DM has more than doubled. This urgently needs addressing. This review will analyse published medical literature relating to the specific management of DM in women and try to identify areas where gender affects care. We have identified specific gender differences in the pathophysiology of glucose homeostasis disorder, diabetes‐related complications and any female gender‐specific features of women with diabetes, such as contraception and the menopause. These gender‐specific features of DM may offer a route to improved care for women and new therapeutic possibilities.
Comparison of twice‐daily injections of biphasic insulin lispro and basal‐bolus therapy: glycaemic control and quality‐of‐life of insulin‐naïve type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Masuda H. , Sakamoto M. , Irie J. , Kitaoka A. , Shiono K. , Inoue G. , Atsuda K. , Yamada S.
Published: May 2008

Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate twice‐daily injections of biphasic insulin lispro vs. basal–bolus (BB) therapy with regard to quality‐of‐life (QOL) and glycaemic control in insulin‐naïve type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods:  Twenty‐eight patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to receive either twice‐daily 50/50 premixed insulin lispro (Mix50 group) or BB (NPH insulin at bedtime and preprandial insulin lispro) therapy (BB group) for 12 weeks. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), 1,5‐anhydroglucitol (1,5‐AG), blood plasma glucose level, body mass index (BMI), daily total insulin dosage and insulin therapy–related QOL (ITR‐QOL) were studied.

Results:  ITR‐QOL was significantly better in the Mix50 than in the BB group (103.1 ± 9.8 vs. 90.6 ± 19.4; p < 0.05). HbA1c improved in both groups (from 11.1 ± 2.1 to 6.9 ± 1.0% with Mix50 vs. from 11.0 ± 2.3 to 6.6 ± 0.8% with BB therapy).

Conclusion:  These results might suggest that twice‐daily injections of premixed rapid‐acting insulin analogue therapy could achieve good glycaemic control and better QOL compared with BB therapy in insulin‐naïve type 2 diabetes.
Increase in high molecular weight adiponectin by bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss
Authors: Linscheid P. , Christ‐Crain M. , Stoeckli R. , Reusch C. E. , Lutz T. A. , Müller B. , Keller U.
Published: May 2008

Aim:  To determine the changes in adiponectin multimers upon marked weight loss.

Methods:  Plasma samples were obtained preoperatively and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery from 12 obese subjects undergoing weight loss–inducing bariatric surgery. Seven non‐operated obese subjects served as controls. Plasma levels of adiponectin multimers were determined by protease digestion and Enzyme‐Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) detection. In addition, adiponectin multimers were assessed by western blotting.

Results:  In patients with weight loss after surgery but not in controls, total adiponectin and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin steadily increased during the observation period. Twenty‐four months after surgery, the increase in total and HMW adiponectin was 2.2 ± 0.46 and 1.4 ± 0.3 μg/ml, respectively. In contrast, plasma concentrations of middle and low molecular weight adiponectin remained unchanged.

Conclusions:  The increase in plasma adiponectin levels observed 24 months after bariatric surgery depended on continuous weight loss and was completely attributable to the HMW complex.
Production of polyhydroxybutyrate in switchgrass, a value‐added co‐product in an important lignocellulosic biomass crop
Authors: Somleva Maria N. , Snell Kristi D. , Beaulieu Julie J. , Peoples Oliver P. , Garrison Bradley R. , Patterson Nii A.
Published: May 2008

Polyhydroxyalkanoate bio‐based plastics made from renewable resources can reduce petroleum consumption and decrease plastic waste disposal issues as they are inherently biodegradable in soil, compost and marine environments. In this paper, the successful engineering of the biomass crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) for the synthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is reported. Polymer production was monitored in more than 400 primary transformants grown under in vitro and glasshouse conditions. Plants containing up to 3.72% dry weight of PHB in leaf tissues and 1.23% dry weight of PHB in whole tillers were obtained. Results from the analysis of the polymer distribution at the cellular and whole plant levels are presented, and target areas for the improvement of PHB production are highlighted. Polymer accumulation was also analysed in the T1 generation obtained from controlled crosses of transgenic plants. This study presents the first successful expression of a functional multigene pathway in switchgrass, and demonstrates that this high‐yielding biomass crop is amenable to the complex metabolic engineering strategies necessary to produce high‐value biomaterials with lignocellulose‐derived biofuels.
Down‐regulated expression of plant‐specific glycoepitopes in alfalfa
Authors: Sourrouille Christophe , Marquet‐Blouin Estelle , D’Aoust Marc‐André , Kiefer‐Meyer Marie‐Christine , Seveno Martial , Pagny‐Salehabadi Sophie , Bardor Muriel , Durambur Gaelle , Lerouge Patrice , Vezina Louis , Gomord Véronique
Published: May 2008

Compared with other plant expression systems used for pharmaceutical protein production, alfalfa offers the advantage of very homogeneous N‐glycosylation. Therefore, this plant was selected for further attempts at glycoengineering. Two main approaches were developed in order to humanize N‐glycosylation in alfalfa. The first was a knock‐down of two plant‐specific N‐glycan maturation enzymes, β1,2‐xylosyltransferase and α1,3‐fucosyltransferases, using sense, antisense and RNA interference strategies. In a second approach, with the ultimate goal of rebuilding the whole human sialylation pathway, human β1,4‐galactosyltransferase was expressed in alfalfa in a native form or in fusion with a targeting domain from N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, a glycosyltransferase located in the early Golgi apparatus in Nicotiana tabacum. Both knock‐down and knock‐in strategies strongly, but not completely, inhibited the biosynthesis of α1,3‐fucose‐ and β1,2‐xylose‐containing glycoepitopes in transgenic alfalfa. However, recombinant human β1,4‐galactosyltransferase activity in transgenic alfalfa completely prevented the accumulation of the Lewis a glycoepitope on complex N‐glycans.
Trade Liberalisation and Economic Growth
Authors: Kneller Richard , Morgan C. W. , Kanchanahatakij Sunti
Published: May 2008

There has been a long‐held belief that there is an association between economic growth and increased levels of international trade. However, more recent work has questioned this hypothesis and the re‐opening of the debate has identified two key areas of contention. One is the extent to which the effects of openness are conditional on factors omitted from the core regression relationship and hence how the hypothesis is tested. The other is the meaning and measurement of openness and liberalisation. This paper addresses both these areas by exploring the nature of heterogeneity in growth performance among liberalising countries using a difference‐in‐difference approach. The results show that, while in aggregate there appears to be a positive but small impact of trade liberalisation on growth, this masks a huge range of responses. Empirical analysis of this heterogeneity shows that a one‐size‐fits‐all policy is not necessarily the most effective, and suggests a case‐by‐case approach is more appropriate.
Does Trade Expansion Still Promote Employment in Korea?
Authors: Nam Chong‐Hyun
Published: May 2008

According to the Heckscher–Ohlin–Samuelson (HOS) model, trade can be an important source of job gains for developing economies, but, conversely, result in job losses for developed economies. Empirical research to date, however, has provided mixed results regarding the direction and size of the employment effects for both developing and developed economies. This paper attempts to evaluate the employment implications of trade for Korea over the 1975–2000 period. Korea merits attention because it has successfully transformed itself from a developing to a semi‐developed economy during this period. Empirical results show that trade has indeed played an important role in enhancing job opportunities in Korea throughout this period, but its role as a job creator has diminished since 1985, suggesting that such a role could soon end, or even reverse.
Does Wage Rank Affect Employees’ Well‐being?
Authors: BROWN GORDON D. A. , GARDNER JONATHAN , OSWALD ANDREW J. , QIAN JING
Published: May 2008

How do workers make wage comparisons? Both an experimental study and an analysis of 16,000 British employees are reported. Satisfaction and well‐being levels are shown to depend on more than simple relative pay. They depend upon the ordinal rank of an individual's wage within a comparison group. “Rank” itself thus seems to matter to human beings. Moreover, consistent with psychological theory, quits in a workplace are correlated with pay distribution skewness.
Workplace Innovations and Employee Outcomes: Evidence from Finland
Authors: KALMI PANU , KAUHANEN ANTTI
Published: May 2008

In the recent literature on workplace innovations, two competing views stand out. One strand of literature emphasizes positive outcomes for employees in the form of increased discretion, improved job security, and enhanced job satisfaction. In turn, critics argue that workplace innovations lead to increased job intensity and mental strain, and compromise job security. We address these issues by using a representative data set on individual employees from Finland. Our results indicate that workplace innovations are mainly associated with beneficial outcomes for employees. They are consistent with the view that institutional features of the Finnish labor market may mediate the outcomes.
Improved Metrics for Workplace Dispute Resolution Procedures: Efficiency, Equity, and Voice
Authors: BUDD JOHN W. , COLVIN ALEXANDER J. S.
Published: May 2008

Many debates surround systems for resolving workplace disputes. In the United States, traditional unionized grievance procedures, emerging nonunion dispute resolution systems, and the court‐based system for resolving employment law disputes have all been criticized. What is missing from these debates are rich metrics beyond speed and satisfaction for comparing and evaluating dispute resolution systems. In this paper, we develop efficiency, equity, and voice as these standards. Unionized, nonunion, and employment law procedures are then qualitatively evaluated against these three metrics.
Prevalence of Secondary Chronic Headaches in a Population-Based Sample of 30-44-Year-Old Persons. The Akershus Study of Chronic Headache
Authors: Aaseth K , Grande RB , Kvárner KJ , Gulbrandsen P , Lundqvist C , Russell MB
Published: May 2008

We studied secondary chronic headaches (≥ 15 days/month for at least 3 months) in a random sample of 30 000 persons aged 30-44 years. They received a mailed questionnaire. Those with self-reported chronic headache within the last month and/or year were invited to an interview and examination by a neurological resident. The criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II) were applied. The questionnaire response rate was 71%, and the participation rate of the interview was 74%. Of the 633 participants, 298 had a secondary chronic headache. The 1-year prevalence of secondary chronic headache was 2.14%, i.e. chronic posttraumatic headache 0.21%, chronic headache attributed to whiplash injury 0.17%, post-craniotomy headache 0.02%, medication-overuse headache (MOH) 1.72%, cervicogenic headache 0.17%, headache attributed to chronic rhinosinusitis 0.33% and miscellaneous headaches 0.04%. The majority of those with ICHD-II-defined secondary chronic headache had MOH, while about one-third had other secondary headaches often in combination with MOH.
Tactile-Induced Ultrasonic Vocalization in the Rat: A Novel Assay to Assess Anti-Migraine Therapies in vivo
Authors: Martino G , Perkins MN
Published: May 2008

A pharmacological model of migraine is described using ultrasound vocalization (USV) of rats following central inflammation-induced sensitization to tactile stimulation. Central inflammation induced by intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased USV induced by an air current focused on the head and this was abolished by morphine and ketorolac, suggesting a nocice-ptive component. USV in naive rats were unaffected. Diazepam reduced USV in both inflamed and naive rats. The triptans, zolmitriptan and sumatriptan, both reduced USV in inflamed but not in naive rats, as did dihydroergotamine, and the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists αCGRP(8-37) and BIBN4096BS. The neurokinin-1 antagonist L-733-060 had no effect in either inflamed or naive rats when given after induction of inflammation, but when given with the LPS it prevented the augmentation of USV. This profile of activity of agents proven to be effective in the clinic suggests this model can be used to predict novel therapeutic agents for migraine.
Are Headache and Temporomandibular Disorders Related? A Blinded Study
Authors: Ballegaard V , Thede-Schmidt-Hansen P , Svensson P , Jensen R
Published: May 2008

To investigate overlaps between headache and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a clinical headache population and to describe the prevalence of TMD in headache patients, 99 patients referred to a specialized headache centre were diagnosed according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) and classified in headache groups according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition for headache diagnoses in a blinded design. The prevalence of TMD in the headache population was 56.1%. Psychosocial dysfunction caused by TMD pain was observed in 40.4%. No significant differences in TMD prevalence were revealed between headache groups, although TMD prevalence tended to be higher in patients with combined migraine and tension-type headache. Moderate to severe depression was experienced by 54.5% of patients. Patients with coexistent TMD had a significantly higher prevalence of depression—most markedly in patients with combined migraine and tension-type headache. Our studies indicate that a high proportion of headache patients have significant disability because of ongoing chronic TMD pain. The trend to a higher prevalence of TMD in patients with combined migraine and tension-type headache suggests that this could be a risk factor for TMD development. A need for screening procedures and treatment strategies concerning depression in headache patients with coexistent TMD is underlined by the overrepresentation of depression in this group. Our findings emphasize the importance of examination of the masticatory system in headache sufferers and underline the necessity of a multidimensional approach in chronic headache patients.
Flight-Associated Headaches—Prevalence and Characteristics
Authors: Potasman I , Rofe O , Weller B
Published: May 2008

Environmental factors in airplanes may precipitate headaches. We conducted a questionnaire-based study among consecutive travellers to determine the rate, severity and duration of flight-associated headaches (FAHA). Of the 906 eligible travellers (mean age 33.3 ± 13.8 years), 22.3% reported headaches at least once per month. FAHA occurred in 52 travellers (5.7%), of whom 34 were women ( P = 0.0023 vs. none FAHA). The duration of pain was 4.0 ± 10.2 h after takeoff and continued for 5.7 ± 14.2 h after landing. Migraine was diagnosed in 19.2% of those with FAHA. The magnitude of headache was 6 ± 2 (on a scale of 1-10). Among those who suffer from FAHA, 45.4% reported that their pain was unilateral, in contrast to 72.7% among those with ‘non-flight’ headaches ( P = 0.019). Nine travellers had headaches when descending to −400 m below sea level, and nine upon climbing to high altitude. This preliminary observation indicates that FAHA is not uncommon and should be further investigated.
Severe Attacks of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine, Childhood Epilepsy and ATP1A2 Mutation
Authors: Lebas A , Guyant-Maréchal L , Hannequin D , Riant F , Tournier-Lasserve E , Parain D
Published: May 2008

We studied four members of a family suffering from typical attacks of familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) caused by a new mutation, R548C, of ATP1A2 gene in exon 12. One individual had also childhood absence epilepsy and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). GTCS were followed by a severe attack of hemiplegic migraine at four times. Sodium valproate enabled control of both the epileptic seizures and the most severe FHM attacks. This association of FHM and epileptic seizures and their control with the same treatment suggest similar pathophysiological mechanisms.
Epidemiology of Fixed Unilateral Headaches
Authors: Leone M , Cecchini AP , Mea E , Tulio V , Bussone G
Published: May 2008

A fixed location unilateral headache suggests involvement of a precise nervous structure, and neuroimaging investigations are essential to seek to identify it. Nevertheless, side-locked primary headaches also occur, although they are rare. Side-locked primary headaches are more frequently found in the group of the short-lasting (≤ 4 hours) headaches but long-lasting headache forms may also present with the pain always on the same side, including migraine, tension-type headache, new daily persistent headache and cervicogenic headache. Future studies should address the issue whether patients with side-locked headache form differ from those with non-side-locked form both in terms of natural history and biological markers.

Among 63 consecutive chronic cluster headache patients seen by us from 1999 to 2007, 32 (51±) had side shift. We also found that the duration of the chronic condition was significantly longer in those with side shift than those without. The high frequency of side shift in chronic cluster headache should be considered when proposing surgical treatment for severe intractable forms of the disease.
Permeability of continental crust influenced by internal and external forcing
Authors: ROJSTACZER S. A. , INGEBRITSEN S. E. , HAYBA D. O.
Published: May 2008

The permeability of continental crust is so highly variable that it is often considered to defy systematic characterization. However, despite this variability, some order has been gleaned from globally compiled data. What accounts for the apparent coherence of mean permeability in the continental crust (and permeability–depth relations) on a very large scale? Here we argue that large‐scale crustal permeability adjusts to accommodate rates of internal and external forcing. In the deeper crust, internal forcing – fluxes induced by metamorphism, magmatism, and mantle degassing – is dominant, whereas in the shallow crust, external forcing – the vigor of the hydrologic cycle – is a primary control. Crustal petrologists have long recognized the likelihood of a causal relation between fluid flux and permeability in the deep, ductile crust, where fluid pressures are typically near‐lithostatic. It is less obvious that such a relation should pertain in the relatively cool, brittle upper crust, where near‐hydrostatic fluid pressures are the norm. We use first‐order calculations and numerical modeling to explore the hypothesis that upper‐crustal permeability is influenced by the magnitude of external fluid sources, much as lower‐crustal permeability is influenced by the magnitude of internal fluid sources. We compare model‐generated permeability structures with various observations of crustal permeability.
Adrenomedullin protects neurons against oxygen glucose deprivation stress in an autocrine and paracrine manner
Authors: Tixier Emmanuelle , Leconte Claire , Touzani Omar , Roussel Simon , Petit Edwige , Bernaudin Myriam
Published: May 2008

The understanding of mechanisms involved in ischaemic brain tolerance may provide new therapeutical targets for stroke. In vivo genomic studies revealed an up‐regulation of adrenomedullin expression by hypoxic pre‐conditioning. Furthermore, adrenomedullin reduced ischaemia‐induced brain damage in rodents. However, whether adrenomedullin is involved in hypoxic pre‐conditioning‐induced tolerance and whether adrenomedullin protects directly neurons against ischaemia remain unknown. Using a neuronal model of hypoxic pre‐conditioning and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD), we showed that 0.1% or 0.5% of O2 pre‐conditioning reduced the OGD‐induced neuronal death, whereas 1% or 2% of O2 pre‐treatment did not induce neuroprotection. Adrenomedullin expression increased following the hypoxic period, and following OGD only in pre‐conditioned (0.1% or 0.5% of O2) neurons. Adrenomedullin pre‐treatment and post‐treatment reduced the OGD‐induced neuronal death, partly through PI3kinase‐dependent pathway. However, adrenomedullin antagonism during hypoxic pre‐conditioning failed to inhibit the neuroprotection whereas adrenomedullin antagonism following OGD abolished the hypoxic pre‐conditioning‐induced neuroprotection. Finally, we showed that adrenomedullin is involved in neuroprotection induced by endothelial cells and microglia. In contrast, neuroprotection induced by astrocytes occurred through adrenomedullin‐independent mechanisms. Altogether, our results suggest that adrenomedullin is an effector of the hypoxic pre‐conditioning‐induced neuronal tolerance and a potent autocrine and paracrine neuroprotective factor during cerebral ischaemia.
EPR OF Mn2+ IMPURITIES IN CALCITE: A DETAILED STUDY PERTINENT TO MARBLE PROVENANCE DETERMINATION*
Authors: WEIHE H. , PILIGKOS S. , BARRA A.‐L. , LAURSEN I. , JOHNSEN O.
Published: May 2008

We demonstrate that the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of Mn2+ impurities in calcite, and therefore also in marble, may be accurately reproduced by a traditional spin Hamiltonian formalism. The success of such a treatment, however, very much depends on the spin Hamiltonian parameters having the correct signs as well as magnitudes. We present data that determine the sign of the axial anisotropy parameter and thereby facilitate future quantum mechanical characterizations of marble electron paramagnetic resonance spectra that supplement provenance determination.
Productivity Impacts of Veil Nets on UK Crangon Vessels
Authors: Innes James , Pascoe Sean
Published: May 2008

As with many shrimp fisheries, the North Sea brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) fishery has been characterised by by‐catch and discarding of juvenile fish species that are of value to other fleet segments. To offset this externality, the mandatory use of veil nets or separator panels was introduced in 2003 for all vessels using an aggregate beam length of more than 8 m. Sea trials prior to this date suggested that retained catch might be reduced by between 8% and 35%, depending on the area and season. These studies, however, do not consider the behavioural response by fishers to reduce this impact. In this study, the actual impact of the restrictions on the productivity of UK Crangon vessels was estimated using a production frontier approach. The ex post analysis suggests that a productivity decline of around 14% has been experienced by UK vessels adopting this gear.
Rheological Analysis of Concentrated Zirconia Pastes with Ethyl Cellulose for Screen Printing SOFC Electrolyte Films
Authors: Phair John W.
Published: May 2008

Concentrated zirconia pastes require optimization before they can be used in large‐scale screen‐printing processes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) manufacture. The present article investigates a series of terpineol‐based zirconia pastes stabilized with ethyl cellulose of varying concentrations by combined rheological methods. Small additions of ethyl cellulose (up to 0.50 vol%) resulted in a significant increase in the shear viscosity, shear stress, and network strength of the pastes. In comparison with the properties of the ink vehicles, the observed elastic response of the ink pastes on the initiation of flow was attributed to the interaction of ethyl cellulose with the zirconia particles. This interaction was confirmed to be bridging flocculation by rheological methods. Start‐up shear flow experiments assessed the elastic deformation of the pastes in greater detail. Application of transient network theory (TNT) to describe the properties of the pastes was confirmed by the linear dependence of the equilibrium shear modulus (G∞) with increasing ethyl cellulose concentration. TNT provides a basis for explaining the rheological effects of bridging polymers in network suspensions and assessing their interaction with other organic additives in high solids volume suspensions. This is a useful analysis for optimizing suspensions for screen‐printing SOFC components among other applications.
Gas‐Sensing Properties of Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Molten‐Salt Route
Authors: Darshane Sonali L. , Deshmukh Rupali G. , Suryavanshi Shankar S. , Mulla Imtiaz S.
Published: May 2008

Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles have been synthesized at 700°C using sodium chloride as a growth inhibitor. Single‐phase formation of spinel zinc ferrite having crystallite size in the range of 15–20 nm was observed by XRD and confirmed by TEM. In the present work, the gas‐sensing properties of these zinc ferrite nanoparticles toward ethanol, LPG, H2, NOx. SOx, and H2S have been studied. It was found that they exhibit excellent selective sensitivity toward 200 ppm of H2S at the operating temperature of 250°C, and thus this nanosized ferrite is expected to be useful in an industrial application as a potential H2S gas sensor.
Refiring Performance of Calcium Aluminoborosilicate‐Based Dielectrics
Authors: Choi Ik Jin , Park Jae Gwan , Cho Yong Soo
Published: May 2008

Two dielectric materials consisting of a zinc calcium aluminoborosilicate glass with either an Al2O3 or a CaTiO3 filler were selected to investigate the sensitivity of refirings at a fixed temperature of 850°C to the final physical and dielectric performance. The property changes with refirings depended on the type of filler material and the number of refirings. For example, crystallization of the unexpected ZnAl2O4 phase was found to progress further on increasing the number of refirings in the case of the Al2O3 filler sample. The five refirings of the sample resulted in a decrease of the dielectric constant from 8.46 to 8.06 at 1 MHz. The case of the CaTiO3 filler can be highlighted with the opposite increasing effect of the dielectric constant as the crystalline CaTiSiO5 phase evolved further with refirings.
Perfect Single‐Crystal Alumina Microspheres
Authors: Yang Weiyou , Wang Huatao , Cheng Xiaomin , Xie Zhipeng , An Linan
Published: May 2008

We report the synthesis of perfect single‐crystal Al2O3 microspheres via direct thermal decomposition of aluminum isopropoxide in air without any template or catalyst. The obtained microspheres were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and selective area electron diffraction. The results suggested that the formation of the spheres can be attributed to a transition from polycrystalline to single‐crystalline symmetry during high‐temperature annealing. The obtained microspheres could be useful for many applications such as lubricants and polishing mediums.
Determinants of Parents' Sideline‐Rage Emotions and Behaviors at Youth Soccer Games1
Authors: Goldstein Jay D. , Iso‐Ahola Seppo E.
Published: May 2008

The present research extended and tested a motivational model of anger and aggression, derived from self‐determination theory. It was hypothesized that control‐oriented parents would exhibit more ego defensiveness, feel more pressure, and thus report higher levels of sport parental anger and aggression. Conversely, autonomy‐oriented parents were predicted to experience less ego defensiveness, feel less pressure, and thus report lower levels of sport parent anger and aggression. Participants were 340 parents of youth soccer players (boys and girls ages 8–16). The majority of participants reported experiencing anger and responded with varying levels of aggression. The results provide strong support for the hypotheses and suggest that control orientation determines parents' ego defensiveness, which in turn leads to anger and aggressive spectator behavior.
Violence in Ideological and Non‐Ideological Groups: A Quantitative Analysis of Qualitative Data1
Authors: Mumford Michael D. , Bedell‐Avers Katrina E. , Hunter Samuel T. , Espejo Jazmine , Eubanks Dawn , Connelly Mary Shane
Published: May 2008

Multiple models have been proposed to account for violence among ideological groups. To identify critical variables contributing to violent behavior in these groups, violent ideological groups were compared to relevant comparison groups. A historically based content analysis was conducted to assess these groups with respect to a number of variables examining leader, group, organizational, and environmental attributes held to influence violence. Discriminant analyses revealed that violent ideological groups differed from comparison groups with respect to leader extremism, group righteousness, organizational indoctrination, and environmental conflict and disruption. Regression analyses revealed that these discriminant functions predicted a number of notable violent and ideological criteria. The implications of these findings for understanding the origins of violence in ideological groups are discussed.