bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menyimak Peserta Didik dengan Menggunakan Model Discovery Learning pada Tingkat Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Syarifah Rahmayani  , Sila Angraini  , Gusmaneli Gusmaneli
Published: October 2024

Listening skills are very influential on learning success. Successful learning can run well if students are able to capture messages or information related to the teaching material presented by educators or from reading material. Listening as a learning process is carried out in an integrated manner and receives the same attention as other language skills. However, in reality, most of the listening lessons delivered by educators in elementary schools in particular are still often ignored. In the learning process, educators use learning media, namely less innovative learning media in the form of pictures contained in theme books. Educators still use theme books and worksheets as learning resources and media without any other learning media that can attract students' attention. However, the use of this learning media does not attract students' attention and interest in learning because learning seems boring for students. As a result, many students lack concentration in learning and students are less active in the learning process. Therefore, the author uses the Discovery learning method, which is expected to foster concentration and attract students' attention so that students' listening skills can improve as expected.
Memutus Rantai Domestic Violence Melalui Kesetaraan Gender dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam
Authors: Laila Puspita Anggraeni  , Syahidin Syahidin
Published: October 2024

The massive patriarchal culture in society, misunderstanding of religion and unequal power in the family have resulted in high rates of domestic violence in Indonesia, where women are often the victims of violence. This violence often leads to divorce, while the wife is always the loser. This article discusses the importance of gender equality in Islamic family law as an effort to break the chain of domestic violence and achieve the goal of a harmonious marriage. This article uses the library research method by collecting literature related to domestic violence and family law in Indonesia. The analysis is conducted using the normative-inductive method with a gender justice approach, focusing on the position of men and women in the marriage relationship. In the discussion, this article reviews domestic violence, the forms of violence that occur, as well as the causes of domestic violence elaboration of family regulations in Muslim countries. Efforts to eliminate domestic violence and create harmonious families require the implementation of gender equality in family law. This is key to ensuring the well-being and protection of all family members, as well as to achieving the essence of the purpose of marriage in Islam.
Pengaruh Media Sosial Dalam Penghayatan Nilai Ketuhanan
Authors: Rahmi Siregar
Published: October 2024

Social media plays an important role in shaping the realization of noble values ​​in society. Accessibility of information and communication through social media platforms facilitates wider and faster dissemination of religious teachings and values. This research aims to analyze the influence of social media on the appreciation of divine values. This research method uses a library method. The data collection technique used is the collection of literature data related to the influence of social media on the appreciation of divine values. The data obtained can be used to find out and increase understanding of individuals and society regarding the influence of social media on the appreciation of divine values.
Analisis Hakikat Keterampilan Menulis Lanjutan Pada Kelas Tinggi
Authors: Juni Sahla Nasution  , Ainun Mardiah  , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa  , Trisna Pratiwi Hasibuan  , Yuli Deliyanti
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research is to find the problems of advanced writing skills of upper elementary school students, and provide solutions. The research method used is a literature review. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there are two factors that cause students' difficulties in writing at a high level, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include students' weak motor skills, weak visual memory, low students' interest and motivation to learn, and finally students' study habits in class and at home. Meanwhile, external factors include lack of attention from parents towards students, an atmosphere at home that is less supportive, environmental conditions and finally the influence of social media. The lack of writing skills in elementary school students may also be caused by the less than optimal use of innovative learning methods. One way to optimize the writing learning process and increase students' writing motivation is to increase students' interest in writing through interesting learning models and learning media.
Pengaruh Model Contextual Teaching and Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa pada Tema 5 Subtema 3 Kelas III SDN Batang-Batang Daya II
Authors: Isro Riskiyanto  , Agung Setyawan
Published: October 2024

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the Effect of Contextual Teaching And Learning Model on Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes on Theme 5 Subtheme 3 Class III SDN Batang-Batang Daya II. This research is a quantitative study that uses the experimental method, with a Pre-Experimental design using the One-Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design. Data collection was carried out using the sampling method from the population. The number of students sampled was 21 students. Data was collected through giving Pre-Test and Post-Test questions. The results showed that the application of the Contextual Teaching and learning (CTL) learning model had a significant impact on student learning outcomes. The significance level of the results of the Paired sample T-Test test shows a value of 0.000, this indicates that there is a significant difference found in the effect. Based on the testing criteria if the Sig. (2-tailed) <0.05 (0.000<0.05) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that there is a significant influence in the application of the Contextual Teaching And Learning Model on Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes on Theme 5 Subtheme 3 Class III SDN Batang-Batang Daya II.
Robótica Industrial: Una Visión General y Exploración Práctica
Authors: Salazar Guilcamaigua Maxwell Arbey , Portero Donoso Paola Alexandra
Published: October 2024

Los robots industriales móviles tienen la capacidad de moverse dentro de su entorno, facilitando diversas tareas industriales y reduciendo el riesgo para los trabajadores en la realización de tareas complejas. Sin embargo, para que estos robots puedan operar de manera eficiente y segura, es necesario que cuenten con una inteligencia avanzada, superando las limitaciones actuales de los robots industriales, que se centran en tareas repetitivas y monótonas. Aunque los robots móviles son actualmente utilizados principalmente en logística, su potencial impacto se extiende a otras áreas como la medicina, la exploración y el mantenimiento. No obstante, la seguridad es un desafío crucial, ya que estos robots operan en gran medida sin supervisión directa, lo que plantea riesgos significativos. Este artículo analiza las aplicaciones actuales y futuras de los robots industriales móviles, su clasificación en función de las tareas que realizan, y destaca la importancia de la seguridad en su implementación.
Economic Performance of Nasser Gholi Ardalan (Representative of Sanandaj in the Fourteenth to Sixteenth Terms of the National Consultative Assembly)
Authors: Zolfaghari Saeed , Shafei Kaivan , Sheikhahmadi Seyed Mohammad , Ghorban Kiani Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Nasser Gholi Ardalan was one of the representatives of Sanandaj in the National Consultative Assembly during its fourteenth to sixteenth terms. His economic performance in the Assembly experienced ups and downs. Some of his economic actions were marked by moderate policies and leniency, while in other instances, his economic and financial actions left diverse impacts on the Assembly, leading to various transformations. The issue addressed in this study is the examination and evaluation of Nasser Gholi Ardalan's economic plans and programs, which has been conducted descriptively and analytically based on the minutes of the National Consultative Assembly, archival sources, and historical data. According to the findings of this study, Nasser Gholi Ardalan was one of the most active representatives in economic discussions, both at the national and regional levels, during the fourteenth to the end of the sixteenth terms of the National Consultative Assembly. His involvement spanned areas such as the annual and current government budgets, currency issuance, taxation, and more. He was attentive to economic issues and the people's problems and did not hesitate to criticize and caution the government when necessary.
Lecithin’s antioxidant properties protect against cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive toxicity and infertility in male rats
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Radhi Zahraa Hayder , Gatea Fouad Kadhim ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: October 2024

Background: Infertility is a prevalent problem that affects 15% of couples globally. Male infertility, which accounts for half of all cases, can be caused by several factors, including aging, drug use, genetic problems, and exposure to environmental toxins. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a commonly utilized immunosuppressant and anticancer medication that can induce oxidative stress and harm the reproductive system of men. The beneficial effects of antioxidants in mitigating the CP-induced reproductive toxicities are well-documented. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of lecithin (as an antioxidant) against the CP-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Methodology: Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: (i) the negative control group (that received sterile water via the intragastric route for 13 consecutive days), (ii) the positive control group (that received sterile water via the intragastric route for 5 days and, subsequently, a single, intraperitoneal dose of CP on day 6, followed by sterile water via the intragastric route for the next 7 consecutive days), and (iii) the lecithin-treated group (that received lecithin via the intragastric route for 5 days and, subsequently, a single, intraperitoneal dose of CP on day 6, followed by lecithin via the intragastric route for the next 7 consecutive days). Results: Lecithin treatment improved sperm parameters, plasmatic testosterone levels, and glutathione peroxidase, thereby preventing histopathological alterations in the rat testes. Conclusion: Lecithin demonstrated its potential protective effects against reproductive impairments and oxidative stress in the CP-treated rat group, and might prove promising for use in clinical practice as a protective agent against chemotherapy-induced male reproductive toxicity and infertility.
KICHIK GURUHLARDAGI NIZOLI VAZIYATLARNI BOSHQARISHNING PSIXOLOGIK ASPEKTLARI
Authors: Normo‘minov Shodiyorbek
Published: October 2024

This article provides information about the concept of a conflict situation, definitions, management of conflict situations in small groups, etc. It also discusses the key characteristics needed for effective conflict resolution and resolution.
ESTABILIDADE EM CIRURGIA ORTOGNÁTICA COM ABORDAGEM DE BENEFÍCIO ANTECIPADO: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Santana Natália Gonçalves , Machado Matheus Santos , Cabral Kaisa Emanuele , Silva Sara Gomes da , Santos Nathalia , Moita Daniela Neres , Alberto Jéssica Altissimo Gontijo , Rodrigues Gislane da Silva , Leite Jorge Henrique Oliveira
Published: October 2024

A cirurgia ortognática é a intervenção cirúrgica de escolha para tratamento das deformidades dentoesqueléticas. Com o desenvolvimento dos softwares de planejamento virtual e aprimoramento da técnica cirúrgica, novas técnicas surgiram, como a abordagem do benefício antecipado (BA), que consiste na realização da fase operatória antes do término do tratamento ortodôntico. A estabilidade musculoesquelética pós-operatória da abordagem convencional é reconhecida, com fortes evidências científicas sobre os tipos de fixação e variações das osteotomias. Objetivo: A partir desse contexto, surge a necessidade de entender quais situações o emprego do BA proporciona estabilidade adequada no pós-operatório. Métodos: A revisão sistemática foi realizada conforme a declaração PRISMA (PAGE et al., 2020), por meio das bases de dados eletrônicas Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane e Virtual Health Library (VHL). Parâmetros de análise como tipo de abordagem cirúrgica e padrão de avaliação da instabilidade tiveram variação, tornando impossível a realização de uma meta-análise. Resultados: Na presente revisão, 46,66% das pesquisas revelam que ambas as abordagens apresentam estabilidade semelhante no pós-operatório; 13,33% mostram que o benefício antecipado teve maior estabilidade e 40% obteve que a abordagem convencional foi mais estável. Conclusão: o tema carece de estudos relevantes para a avaliação assertiva, no entanto, as evidências atuais se mostram promissoras nos pacientes Classe III, ao apresentarem estabilidade semelhante aos casos realizados com abordagem convencional. Grande parte dos pesquisadores apontaram a execução da ortodontia o ponto mais difícil da abordagem, necessitando de profissionais com vasta experiência para uma correta execução e manejo do tratamento.
EFEITO DA CASTRAÇÃO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE NEOPLASIAS MAMÁRIAS EM CADELAS – REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors:   Letícia Signori de Castro, Souza Sarah Queiroz de
Published: October 2024

Breast neoplasia is considered the second most common neoplasm. Affects domestic animals, with the main diagnosis being in female dog, which can affect females aged between approximately 7 and 12 years, however it can also be seen in young animals, and then even related to the sexual and hormonal integrity of the bitch. Breast tumors can manifest in different ways and stages, which varies according to the type of tumor (neoplastic or not), affected cell and degree of aggressiveness, where generally 68.4% of breast tumors diagnosed in dogs are malignant. The aim of this work is to review the effects of ovariohysterectomy performed in domestic females in what is said respect to the development of breast neoplasms, aiming to bridge the processes pathophysiological 1 involved, such as particularities of the estrous cycle in bitches, administration of contraceptives, environmental and endogenous factors of the animal itself, corresponding age and predisposed breeds, clarifying the importance of procedure for both the prevention of breast cancer in bitches, as well as other illnesses.
EFEITOS DA FISIOTERAPIA AQUÁTICA NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DOS PACIENTES IDOSOS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors:   Felipe Éden Souza de Oliveira, Oliveira Felipe Éden Souza de , Carvalho Ana Maria Cardoso , Sousa Ramily Leocádio de , Maia Karla Rebeca de Oliveira , Corrêa Rosileide da Silva
Published: October 2024

Aquatic physiotherapy is extremely necessary in the rehabilitation of patients due to its physical properties and physiological effects of water. It aims to investigate the effects of aquatic physiotherapy on the quality of life of elderly patients. An integrative review study, published between 2015 and 2024, selected through the Medline/PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases, found 250 articles, 10 of which met the previously established inclusion criteria. Aquatic physiotherapy has been shown to contribute significantly to the quality of life of elderly patients, providing relaxed sleep, improved mobility and increased confidence in daily activities.
ALTERNATIVAS NÃO INVASIVAS NO MANEJO DO GRANULOMA CENTRAL DE CÉLULAS GIGANTES DOS MAXILARES: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Cândido Giovanni Luccas Almeida , Sodré Thiago Marcelino , Carvalho Lidylara Lacerda Araújo , Carvalho Larissa Betânia Lacerda Araújo de , Rosa Rayza de Almeida , Dias Yasmin de Jesus , Santos Mayana Almeida Araújo dos , Beliche Kalidy Souza , Lambert Alejandro Marco Bravo , Ferreira Camila Ribeiro
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the jaws is described as an uncommon intraosseous lesion that can exhibit different clinical and imaging characteristics. It can present in an aggressive or non-aggressive manner. When aggressive, the lesion is typically expansive, painful, and associated with bone tissue destruction. The standard treatment is surgical removal, but the choice of the ideal therapeutic approach depends on factors such as the patient’s age, lesion behavior, and its extent. Objective: To explore the main conservative treatment options for the management of Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the jaws. Methods: This is a narrative literature review based on research in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, conducted between July and August 2024, using DeCS/MeSH descriptors in English, “calcitonin” OR “interferon” OR “denosumab” AND “central granuloma of giant cells in jaws” AND “central giant-cell lesion” OR “corticosteroids injections” AND “intralesional triamcinolone.” Literature Review: The drug class used for the treatment of Central Giant Cell Granuloma is corticosteroids, which show high rates of therapeutic success, followed by calcitonin, denosumab, and interferon. However, despite promising results, additional clinical trials are necessary to establish the true efficacy of these treatments. Conclusion: All non-invasive treatment modalities have been shown to be effective in reducing or achieving complete regression of Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the jaws, either alone or in combination. However, there are limitations, such as the risk of adverse effects and the limited number of published studies to date.
Sinergi Orang Tua dan Guru dalam Mengoptimalkan Perkembangan Musikal Anak
Authors: Fauziyyah Nida Ghaida , Sukmayadi Yudi
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji peran orang tua dan guru dalam pendidikan musik anak, dengan latar belakang bahwa kolaborasi antara kedua pihak ini sangat penting untuk mendukung perkembangan musikal anak secara optimal. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memahami bagaimana dukungan emosional dan finansial dari orang tua, serta bimbingan teknis dan teoritis dari guru, memengaruhi keberhasilan anak dalam belajar musik. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur dari berbagai studi yang relevan dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan orang tua dan pengajaran guru yang efektif saling melengkapi, menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang kondusif bagi anak. Kolaborasi yang baik antara orang tua dan guru tidak hanya meningkatkan keterampilan musikal anak, tetapi juga memperkuat motivasi, kepercayaan diri, dan kesejahteraan emosional mereka. Kesimpulannya, kolaborasi yang efektif antara orang tua dan guru adalah kunci untuk mengoptimalkan potensi musikal anak, dengan rekomendasi untuk mengembangkan program-program yang mendorong partisipasi aktif orang tua dan memperbaiki komunikasi antara kedua belah pihak.
Current Research on Cardiac Tumors and Their Treatment
Authors: Memes Mucho
Published: October 2024

Cardiac tumors, while rare, pose significant challenges within the field of cardiology. These tumors, which can be either primary or secondary, have unique diagnostic and therapeutic considerations due to their location in the heart. This paper provides an overview of the current state of research on cardiac tumors, emphasizing the advancements in diagnostic techniques and the evolving approaches to treatment.
Enhancing Electrical Generator Efficiency through Advanced Technologies Flotation Magnets, Sealed Vacuums, and Liquid Hydrogen Cooling.
Authors: Garfoo Alan Peter
Published: October 2024

In the scientific endeavour to enhance the efficiency of modern electrical generators, three innovative technologies: flotation magnets, sealed vacuums, and liquid hydrogen-cooled electrical energy transfer wires offer electrical engineers promising solutions to the classical problems of entropic energy loss. These three technologies aim to reduce friction at moving components points of contact, reduce or negate air resistance to moving turbines, and achieve a state of near-zero electrical resistance in the wires which transfer this energy to storage devices. This paper explores how potentially these advanced electrical engineering techniques can be integrated into the current design and operation of electrical turbine generators, with the scope of potentially revolutionising their output performance and entropic energy efficiency.
Exploring Quantized Massless Photonic Wave-Particle Duality, Inertial Mass Resistance to Motion, and the Speed of Light as Representations of a Higher Dimensional Hyperspace Axis within Subspace Field Unification
Authors: Garfoot Alan Peter
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the potentially interlinked, multidimensional nature of three fundamental qualities of reality. First, wave-particle duality is examined as an intrinsic extension of the fundamental two-dimensional electromagnetic wavelength, which permeates into a three-dimensional quantum manifestation of photonic particles. Second, the speed of light is considered as a limiting factor imposed by a multidimensional hyperspatial subspace ether grid, where the tensile locality restricts light's travel. Third, the movement of mass-carrying particles through this subspace ether grid is analyzed as being responsible for inertial resistance—specifically, resistance to changes in motion, including acceleration, deceleration, and changes in relative velocity.This paper then postulates that the massless motion of photonic energy packets at the speed of light, and the inertial resistance of mass-carrying hadronic particles to changes in relative motion, are opposite dimensional aspects of a unified subspace field theory. These aspects, though seemingly distinct, are proposed to occupy opposing sides of the same intersecting hyperspatial axis, within a higher-dimensional etheric reality.
TRANSFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL NA GESTÃO DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL
Authors: Alexsandra Vieira Coutinho Eva , Jardim Pardini Daniel , Tolentino Renata de Sousa da Silva
Published: October 2024

As organizações públicas incorporam a transformação digital para melhorar o relacionamento e a prestação dos serviços públicos à população. A transformação digital é um processo contínuo, que exige esforços de gerenciamento, de aplicação, de busca e de criação de conhecimento, assim como, de recursos tecnológicos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o processo de transformação digital com a implantação de sistema de prontuário eletrônico do paciente na Secretaria de Saúde do município de Contagem. Para tanto, utilizou-se pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem metodológica qualitativa, com o procedimento de estudo de caso. A pesquisa permitiu mapear o processo transformação digital com implantação de sistema de prontuário eletrônico de paciente com as fases de definição do projeto, prontidão tecnológica, requisitos do sistema, capacitação dos profissionais e a implantação. A pesquisa verificou vários problemas no processo de transformação digital, dentre eles, problemas ligados à gestão, às definições do projeto, às especificações de requisitos, às resistências dos profissionais, à estrutura tecnológica e a interoperabilidade entre os sistemas.
DETECÇÃO E CONTAGEM AUTOMÁTICAS DE BACILOS ÁLCOOL ÁCIDO RESISTENTES PARA O DIAGNÓSTICO DA TUBERCULOSE
Authors: Gomide João Victor Boechat , Augusto Cláudio José , Leal Élida Aparecida , Tarabal Júnia Pessoa , Barroso Nauhara Vieira de Castro , Soares Marco Antônio Calijorne , Lima Bruno Pereira
Published: October 2024

Este artigo apresenta a pesquisa em andamento para o desenvolvimento de um sistema automático de detecção e contagem de bacilos resistentes ao álcool ácido (BAAR), para o diagnóstico da tuberculose (TB), com suas etapas de desenvolvimento e testes realizados, bem como a metodologia que está sendo adotada. A primeira versão do software foi apoiada por técnicas de visão computacional e processamento digital de imagens, para segmentar e detectar bacilos. Em uma evolução posterior, o aprendizado de máquina e o aprendizado profundo foram adotados para realizar a detecção. Para isso, foi construído um banco de imagens e estão sendo testadas as configurações do novo método de análise.
A LEI GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS (LGPD) SOB A ÓTICA DA COMPLEXIDADE
Authors: Da Cruz Coelho Fernando , Arantes de Carvalho Adriane Maria
Published: October 2024

No contexto da chamada sociedade de controle e do capitalismo de vigilância emergem legislações que regulamentam a proteção e a privacidade de dados pessoais. O objetivo do artigo é investigar as contribuições da teoria da complexidade para a compreensão dos desafios associados ao contexto de aplicação da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD), cuja vigência é muito recente no Brasil. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica fundamentada com base em uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Foi possível refletir sobre os desafios lançados pelo pensamento complexo relativos a como reunir os diferentes elementos, atores e acontecimentos, como lidar com as incertezas e como realçar o desafio lógico. Os resultados parciais sugerem ser possível avançar no estabelecimento de uma representação inteligível do sistema complexo relacionado ao contexto de aplicação da LGPD que possa contribuir para a descrição dos comportamentos e das transformações plausíveis, sem cair em uma lógica simplificadora.
Impacto Da Pandemia De Covid-19 Na Saúde Mental E Hipertensão Em Adolescentes: Uma Revisão Da Literatura
Authors: QUEIROZ Danilo Bonfim de
Published: October 2024

A pandemia de COVID-19 provocou mudanças significativas nas esferas social, econômica e de saúde global, com um impacto notável na saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes. O isolamento social, o fechamento de escolas e as alterações na rotina diária foram fatores que contribuíram para um aumento no surgimento de transtornos mentais, como ansiedade e depressão, nesta faixa etária. Simultaneamente, a hipertensão, antes considerada predominantemente uma condição de adultos, começou a emergir como uma preocupação de saúde relevante entre adolescentes. A intersecção entre saúde mental comprometida e hipertensão pós-COVID é uma área emergente de investigação que requer uma análise detalhada. Este estudo visa explorar a relação entre saúde mental e hipertensão em adolescentes no período pós-pandemia de COVID-19. Focar-se-á em estudos epidemiológicos observacionais, descritivos e analíticos com delineamentos transversais ou de coorte, publicados entre 2020 e 2023, excluindo estudos de intervenção, adolescentes gestantes, revisões e indivíduos já hipertensos. Os objetivos específicos incluem avaliar a prevalência de transtornos mentais e a incidência de hipertensão entre adolescentes durante e após a pandemia, identificar fatores de risco associados à coexistência dessas condições e propor estratégias de intervenção que integrem a saúde mental e a saúde cardiovascular. A relevância deste estudo reside na necessidade urgente de entender os efeitos a longo prazo da pandemia na saúde dos adolescentes, visando identificar comorbidades e desenvolver intervenções eficazes e integradas. A pesquisa será conduzida através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, utilizando bases de dados como PubMed e descritores relevantes, com seleção e avaliação crítica dos estudos por pares revisores. A análise dos dados será realizada de maneira sistemática e transparente, documentando quaisquer desvios metodológicos. Os resultados esperados contribuirão para o desenvolvimento de políticas e práticas de saúde mais eficazes e integradas, promovendo o bem-estar dos adolescentes em um cenário pós-pandêmico
Neural mechanisms of credit assignment for delayed outcomes during contingent learning
Authors: Witkowski Phillip P , Rondot Lindsay , Kurth-Nelson Zeb , Garvert Mona M , Dolan Raymond J , Behrens Timothy EJ , Boorman Erie D
Published: October 2024

Adaptive behavior in complex environments critically relies on the ability to appropriately link specific choices or actions to their outcomes. However, the neural mechanisms that support the ability to credit only those past choices believed to have caused the observed outcomes remain unclear. Here, we leverage multivariate pattern analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and an adaptive learning task to shed light on the underlying neural mechanisms of such specific credit assignment. We find that the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) and hippocampus (HC) code for the causal choice identity when credit needs to be assigned for choices that are separated from outcomes by a long delay, even when this delayed transition is punctuated by interim decisions. Further, we show when interim decisions must be made, learning is additionally supported by lateral frontopolar cortex (FPl). Our results indicate that FPl holds previous causal choices in a “pending” state until a relevant outcome is observed, and the fidelity of these representations predicts the fidelity of subsequent causal choice representations in lOFC and HC during credit assignment. Together, these results highlight the importance of the timely reinstatement of specific causes in lOFC and HC in learning choice-outcome relationships when delays and choices intervene, a critical component of real-world learning and decision making.
T-follicular helper cells are epigenetically poised to transdifferentiate into T-regulatory type-1 cells
Authors: Garnica Josep , Solé Patricia , Yamanouchi Jun , Moro Joel , Mondal Debajyoti , Fándos Cesar , Serra Pau , Santamaria Pere
Published: October 2024

Chronic antigenic stimulation can trigger the formation of IL-10-producing T-regulatory type 1 (TR1) cells
in vivo
. We have recently shown that T follicular helper (TFH) cells are precursors of TR1 cells and that the TFH-to-TR1 cell transdifferentiation process is characterized by the progressive loss and acquisition of opposing transcription factor gene expression programs that evolve through at least one transitional cell stage. Here, we use a broad range of bulk and single-cell transcriptional and epigenetic tools to investigate the epigenetic underpinnings of this process. At the single cell level, the TFH-to-TR1 cell transition is accompanied by both, downregulation of TFH cell-specific gene expression due to loss of chromatin accessibility, and upregulation of TR1 cell-specific genes linked to chromatin regions that remain accessible throughout the transdifferentiation process, with minimal generation of new open chromatin regions. By interrogating the epigenetic status of accessible TR1 genes on purified TFH and conventional T cells, we find that most of these genes, including
Il10
, are already poised for expression at the TFH cell stage. Whereas these genes are closed and hypermethylated in Tconv cells, they are accessible, hypomethylated and enriched for H3K27ac-marked and hypomethylated active enhancers in TFH cells. These enhancers are enriched for binding sites for the TFH and TR1-associated transcription factors TOX-2, IRF4 and c-MAF. Together, these data suggest that the TR1 gene expression program is genetically imprinted at the TFH cell stage.
Coupling of saccade plans to endogenous attention during urgent choices
Authors: Goldstein Allison T , Stanford Terrence R , Salinas Emilio
Published: October 2024

The neural mechanisms that willfully direct attention to specific locations in space are closely related to those for generating targeting eye movements (saccades). However, the degree to which the voluntary deployment of attention to a location necessarily activates a corresponding saccade plan remains unclear. One problem is that attention and saccades are both automatically driven by salient sensory events; another is that the underlying processes unfold within tens of milliseconds only. Here, we use an urgent task design to resolve the evolution of a visuomotor choice on a moment-by-moment basis while independently controlling the endogenous (goal-driven) and exogenous (salience-driven) contributions to performance. Human participants saw a peripheral cue and, depending on its color, either looked at it (prosaccade) or looked at a diametrically opposite, uninformative non-cue (antisaccade). By varying the luminance of the stimuli, the exogenous contributions could be cleanly dissociated from the endogenous process guiding the choice over time. According to the measured timecourses, generating a correct antisaccade requires about 30 ms more processing time than generating a correct prosaccade based on the same perceptual signal. The results indicate that saccade plans elaborated during fixation are biased toward the location where attention is endogenously deployed, but the coupling is weak and can be willfully overridden very rapidly.
A synthetic method to assay polycystin channel biophysics
Authors: Larmore Megan , Esarte Palomero Orhi , Kamat Neha P , DeCaen Paul G
Published: October 2024

Ion channels are biological transistors that control ionic flux across cell membranes to regulate electrical transmission and signal transduction. They are found in all biological membranes and their conductive state kinetics are frequently disrupted in human diseases. Organelle ion channels are among the most resistant to functional and pharmacological interrogation. Traditional channel protein reconstitution methods rely upon exogenous expression and/or purification from endogenous cellular sources which are frequently contaminated by resident ionophores. Here we describe a fully synthetic method to assay functional properties of polycystin channels that natively traffic to primary cilia and endoplasmic reticulum organelles. Using this method, we characterize their oligomeric assembly, membrane integration, orientation and conductance while comparing these results to their endogenous channel properties. Outcomes define a novel synthetic approach that can be applied broadly to investigate channels resistant to biophysical analysis and pharmacological characterization.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF PANCREATIC CALCULI, THE SEQUELAE OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: IV Anuroop , Mugilmathi BK , Menon Arya S , Reddy K Vasudeva , Kiran T. Udaya
Published: October 2024

Background: Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which may be acute or chronic. Chronic pancreatitis is characterised by epigastric pain, which is persistent and severe. Pancreatic calculi are sequelae of chronic pancreatitis, which causes pancreatic duct obstruction. In the present case, a 29-year-old female suffering from epigastric pain and burning sensation was diagnosed with pancreatic calculi and was treated with Ayurvedic treatment protocol. Results and discussion: At the end of the treatment, she had relief from symptoms. The prescribed medicines prevented further inflammation and had litholytic properties, as no evident calculi were noted in the reports.
IN VITRO PROLIFERATIVE EFFICACY OF AN INNOVATIVE NATURAL CALCIUM FORMULATION IN BONE AND MUSCLE CELLS
Authors: Mishra Baidyanath , Srivastava Ruchi , Singh Varun Kumar , . Gajender , Rajesh Apratim Sai , Reddy Yathapu Srinivasa , Kumar Dharmendra
Published: October 2024

Calcium is an essential macronutrient with a critical role in structural, functional and metabolic processes, particularly bone and muscle systems. Although dietary intake typically meets calcium needs, uneven food habits, anti-nutrients and various pathophysiological conditions can lead to deficiencies. Addressing this gap, Dabur India Limited developed an Innovative Natural Calcium Formulation (INCF) featuring natural organic calcium, plant-derived vitamin D3 and lemon juice. Two dosage forms providing 250 mg and 500 mg of calcium were developed and tested for efficacy using in vitro proliferation of Chondrocyte (C20A4 - Bone) and Muscle (L6 rat skeletal) cells at noncytotoxic concentrations. Results showed chondrocyte proliferation of 9.9% - 24.4% and skeletal muscle proliferation of 10.94% - 28.46% compared to untreated control. These findings indicate the potential of INCF as an effective calcium supplement.
ASTHI SARA PURUSHA LAKSHANAS AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY: A STUDY AMONG YOUNG INDIAN ADULTS
Authors: Kuttikrishnan Meera , Varghese Elgeena
Published: October 2024

Sara (essence of all dhatus) is the purest or most vital part of dhatu (tissues), providing strength and stability to the body. Sarata of dhatu will get modified due to variations in food, habitat, season, lifestyle, etc. There is the effect of Sara and Asara condition of dhatu on physical and mental health. The present study aims to find out if there is any relationship between Asthi Sara Purusha Lakshanas and Bone mineral density. The Asthi Sara Questionnaire and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed the Asthi Sara and Bone mineral density, respectively. The result of the study indicates that a statistically significant association exists between the Asthi Sara categories and Bone mineral density. Furthermore, Asthi Sara scores were positively correlated with total Bone density and the T scores were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. By assessing Asthi Sara Purusha Lakshanas, we can understand the strength of Asthi dhatu. This study finding helps Ayurvedic physicians use the tool developed by the researchers to determine Asthi Sara cost-effectively.
AN IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTI-UROLITHIASIS POTENTIAL OF SIDDHA FORMULATION SAGALANOI CHOORANAM USING STRUVITE CRYSTAL GROWTH INHIBITION ASSAY
Authors: NA Bharathi , Kumari H Vetha Merlin , T Lakshmi Kantham , R Meena Kumari
Published: October 2024

Renal calculus is a rising concern, with a prevalence of 12% across the world and 12% in India, which is around 2 million people affected by Urolithiasis. The rise in the ratio has been correlated to genetic predisposition, working in high temperatures, high caffeine intake, lack of physical activity, and groundwater consumption. Yet the major risk factor is a diet that consists of excess animal proteins, which reduces urinary PH and citrate excretion, leading to the formation of Renal calculi. The main aim of this article is to evaluate the anti-urolithiatic potential of a polyherbal Siddha formulation Sagalanoi chooranam obtained from the classical Siddha text Brahmamuni Karukidai Soothiram 380. From the results, it was concluded that the drug has a high potential as an alternative for the management of renal calculus in Siddha. The ingredients efficiently manage renal calculus due to their potent anti-urolithiasis activity, diuretic and anti-inflammatory activity as cited in modern research articles and by mitigating azhal and Vata humour as mentioned in classical Siddha texts. The effect of Sagalanoi chooranam on struvite crystal growth inhibition assay through a significant reduction in the crystal size further validates the drug's efficiency in managing Renal calculus. In such a scenario, the Siddha drug Sagalanoi chooranam can be used as an individual drug or alongside Biomedicine in the management of Renal calculi.
Response of Types of Cuttings and IBA Concentration from First Sprout to Highest Sprouting and Rooting in Crossandra (Crossandra infundibuliformis L.)
Authors: Darekar Prajval M. , Malshe K. V. , Khanvilkar M. H. , Thorat S.B. , Thaware B.G.
Published: October 2024

The present investigation was conducted under Konkan Agro-climatic conditions at College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (India) during the kharif season (2023-2024). The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with twelve treatment combinations and three replications. Present investigation found that in types of stem cuttings treatment C1 :Softwood cuttings was found best with respect to minimum days to first sprout, days to highest sprouting , maximum number of new sprouts/cuttings, girth of sprout, length of new sprout, number of leaves, leaf area, survival(%), fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of shoot, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, number of roots, length of longest root, fresh weight of root, dry weight of root, shoot to root ratio. In different IBA concentration treatment H4 : IBA@2000ppm was found best with respect to minimum days to first sprout, days to highest sprouting , maximum number of new sprouts/cuttings, girth of sprout, length of new sprout, number of leaves, leaf area, survival(%), fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of shoot, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, number of roots, length of longest root, fresh weight of root, dry weight of root. In interaction effect treatment C1H4 (Softwood cuttings treated with IBA@2000 ppm) is found to be most effective among all other treatment combinations in terms of most of the parameters such as Sprouting percentage, Number of new sprouts/cuttings, Length of sprout/cuttings, Girth of new sprout, Number of leaves/cuttings, Leaf area, Survival percentage, Fresh weight of shoot, Relative Growth Rate, Fresh weight to dry weight of shoot ratio, Number of roots.
SOME ASPECTS OF ACTIONS TO RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL SECURITY THREATS AND CRISES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Tumalavičius Vladas , Kriviņš Anatolijs
Published: October 2024

The European Union is taking action in various areas of security to improve its ability to respond to crises and increase its resilience to future challenges, so this article examines the evolution of crisis response actions of the European Union countries in the face of challenges and threats in a rapidly changing geopolitical environment in relation to European security. This, in turn, is reflected in the speed of decision-making by the competent associations of the European Union regarding legal regulation that corresponds to the current situation. The authors identify and analyze the main directions of action and response measures of member countries in the legal field. In this context, the authors pay special attention to the consideration of the European Union's security policy in relation to hybrid threats from neighboring states, ensuring cyber security, the use of modern information communication technologies, as well as mediation tools in the prevention of these threats. The authors analyze issues of cooperation between the European Union and the United Nations in the field of peacekeeping and military missions. The authors also touched on the specifics of lessons learned from addressing the consequences of crisis situations and the impact of the EU countries’ integrated approach to responding to crisis situations in the context of the past pandemic, as well as the impact of hybrid threats. The results of this study show that the relevant institutions of the European Union skillfully, promptly and effectively coordinate decision-making on response and management in crisis situations, and as part of improving the anti-crisis management strategy, taking measures to prevent the consequences of crisis situations in the EU area (hybrid threats, illegal migration, terrorism, organized crime, etc.)
Precipitation extremes in the dry and wet regions of China and their connections with the sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Qin Peihua , Xie Zhenghui
Published: June 2017

We investigated the connections between the precipitation extremes during 1953–2002 in the dry and wet regions of China and the sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP; including EI Niño–Southern Oscillation 1.2, 3, and 3.4 regions) based on two sets of observations, 17 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, and nine regional climate model (RCM) results, which were downscaled using the RCM RegCM4. The grid cells with the lowest 30% nonmissing precipitation extremes were identified as the dry region, and those with the highest 30% comprised the wet region. Compared with observed extreme indices, the CMIP5 ensemble could simulate the temporal averages and spatial patterns of extreme indices in the dry and wet regions, where the temporal averages of the indices based on RCMs matched better with those of the observed indices. In the dry region of China, the extreme precipitation indices had positive regression coefficients versus the SST of the ETP for all data sets, but the linear relationships of the extreme indices with the SST were more complex in the wet region. Finally, we investigated the variations of the correlations of precipitation extremes with the SST of ETP in multiple RCM results and CMIP5 models, respectively.
Nonlinear response of hail precipitation rate to environmental moisture content: A real case modeling study of an episodic midlatitude severe convective event
Authors: Li Mingxin , Zhang Fuqing , Zhang Qinghong , Harrington Jerry Y. , Kumjian Matthew R.
Published: June 2017

The dependence of hail production on initial moisture content in a simulated midlatitude episodic convective event occurred in northeast China on 10–11 June 2005 was investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a double‐moment microphysics scheme where both graupel and hail are considered. Three sensitivity experiments were performed by modifying the initial water vapor mixing ratio profile to 90% (“Q−10%”), 105% (“Q+5%”), and 110% (“Q+10%”) of the initial conditions used for the control simulation. It was found that increasing the initial water vapor content caused the hail and total precipitation rates to increase during the first 5 h. The precipitation response to increasing water vapor content was monotonic for this first episode; however, for the event's second episode, the hail precipitation rate responds to the initial water vapor profile nonlinearly, while the total precipitation rate responds mostly monotonically. In particular, simulation Q+5% achieves the largest hail production rate while simulation Q+10% has the largest total precipitation rate. In contrast, during the second episode simulation Q−10% has the strongest vertical motion, produces the most cloud ice and snow, but has the lowest hail production. Analysis shows that increasing the initial moisture content directly increases the precipitation during the first episode, which subsequently induces a stronger, longer‐lasting cold pool that limits the development of deep convection during the second episode.
Changing duration and spatial extent of midlatitude precipitation extremes across different climates
Authors: Dwyer J. G. , O'Gorman P. A.
Published: June 2017

Precipitation extremes intensify with climate warming in observations and simulations, but changes in their duration or spatial extent are not well understood. Here the duration and zonal length of midlatitude precipitation extremes are quantified in climate model simulations. Most comprehensive climate models project a decrease in duration over the 21st century, although the magnitude of the decrease with warming is less than 1% K−1 in the multimodel mean. An advective time scale based on the mean zonal wind is shown to be linked to the duration in terms of spatial distribution, intermodel differences, and response to climate change. In simulations with an idealized climate model, a stronger meridional temperature gradient decreases the duration despite increases in the zonal length, and this is explained using the thermal wind relation and the Rossby deformation radius. However, the response of the zonal length to increasing mean temperature requires further study.