bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic Reticulum morphological regulation by RTN4/NOGO modulates neuronal regeneration by curbing luminal transport
Authors: Konno Tasuku , Parutto Pierre , Bailey David M. D. , Davì Valentina , Crapart Cécile , Awadelkareem Mosab Ali , Hockings Colin , Brown Aidan , Xiang Katherine M. , Agrawal Anamika , Chambers Joseph E. , Werp Molly Vander , Koning Katherine , Metzakopian Emmanouil , Westrate Laura , Koslover Elena , Avezov Edward
Published: May 2021

Cell and tissue functions rely on an elaborate intracellular transport system responsible for distributing bioactive molecules with high spatiotemporal accuracy. The tubular network of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) constitutes a system for the delivery of luminal solutes it stores, including Ca2+, across the cell periphery. The physical nature and factors underlying the ER’s functioning as a fluidics system are unclear. Using an improved ER transport visualisation methodology combined with optogenetic Ca2+ dynamics imaging, we observed that ER luminal transport is modulated by natural ER tubule narrowing and dilation, directly proportional to the amount of an ER membrane morphogen, Reticulon 4 (RTN4). Consequently, the ER morphoregulatory effect of RTN4 defines ER’s capacity for peripheral Ca2+ delivery and thus controls axonogenesis. Excess RTN4 limited ER luminal transport, Ca2+ release and iPSC-derived cortical neurons’ axonal extension, while RTN4 elimination reversed the effects.

Intracellular transport through the lumen of the ER network is modulated through narrowing/dilation of ER tubules by a membrane morphogen – RTN4, a process controlling axonogenesis by limiting the delivery of ER-stored Ca2+.
Molecular and cellular architecture of the larval sensory organ in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Teeling Callum , Gilbert Eleanor , Pedersen Siffreya , Chrismas Nathan , Modepalli Vengamanaidu
Published: May 2021

The apical pole of eumetazoan ciliated larvae acts as a neurosensory structure and is principally composed of sensory-secretory cells. Cnidarians like the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis are the only non-bilaterian group to evolve ciliated larvae with a neural integrated sensory organ that is likely homologous to bilaterians. Here, we uncovered the molecular signature of the larval sensory organ in Nematostella by generating a transcriptome of the apical tissue. We characterised the cellular identity of the apical domain by integrating larval single-cell data with the apical transcriptome and further validated this through in-situ hybridisation. We discovered that the apical domain comprises a minimum of 6 distinct cell types, including apical cells, neurons, peripheral flask-shaped gland/secretory cells, and undifferentiated cells. By profiling the spatial expression of neuronal genes, we showed that the apical region has a unique neuronal signature distinct from the rest of the body. By combining the planula cilia proteome with the apical transcriptome data, we revealed the sheer complexity of the non-motile apical tuft. Overall, we present comprehensive spatial/molecular data on the Nematostella larval sensory organ and open new directions for elucidating the functional role of the apical organ and larval nervous system.
Cis-regulatory divergence underpins the evolution of C3-C4 intermediate photosynthesis in Moricandia
Authors: Lin Meng-Ying , Schlüter Urte , Stich Benjamin , Weber Andreas P.M.
Published: May 2021

Altered transcript abundances and cell specific gene expression patterns that are caused by regulatory divergence play an important role in the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. How these altered gene expression patterns are achieved and whether they are driven by cis- or trans-regulatory changes is mostly unknown. To address this question, we investigated the regulatory divergence between C3 and C3-C4 intermediates, using allele specific gene expression (ASE) analyses of Moricandia arvensis (C3-C4), M. moricandioides (C3) and their interspecific F1 hybrids. ASE analysis on SNP-level showed similar relative proportions of regulatory effects among hybrids: 36% and 6% of SNPs were controlled by cis-only and trans-only changes, respectively. GO terms associated with metabolic processes and the positioning of chloroplast in cells were abundant in transcripts with cis-SNPs shared by all studied hybrids. Transcripts with cis-specificity expressed bias toward the allele from the C3-C4 intermediate genotype. Additionally, ASE evaluated on transcript-level indicated that ∼27% of transcripts show signals of ASE in Moricandia hybrids. Promoter-GUS assays on selected genes revealed altered spatial gene expression patterns, which likely result from regulatory divergence in their promoter regions. Assessing ASE in Moricandia interspecific hybrids contributes to the understanding of early evolutionary steps towards C4 photosynthesis and highlights the impact and importance of altered transcriptional regulations in this process.
Neuropsychological evidence of multi-domain network hubs in the human thalamus
Authors: Hwang Kai , Shine James M. , Bruss Joel , Tranel Daniel , Boes Aaron D.
Published: May 2021

Hubs in the human brain support behaviors that arise from brain network interactions. Previous studies have identified hub regions in the human thalamus that are connected with multiple functional networks. However, the behavioral significance of thalamic hubs has yet to be established. Our framework predicts that thalamic subregions with strong hub properties are broadly involved in functions across multiple cognitive domains. To test this prediction, we studied human patients with focal thalamic lesions in conjunction with network analyses of the human thalamocortical functional connectome. In support of our prediction, lesions to thalamic subregions with stronger hub properties were associated with widespread deficits in executive, language, and memory functions, whereas lesions to thalamic subregions with weaker hub properties were associated with more limited deficits. These results highlight how a large-scale network model can broaden our understanding of thalamic function for human cognition.
The job rotation scheduling problem considering human cognitive effects: an integrated approach
Authors: Ayough Ashkan , Farhadi Farbod , Zandieh Mostafa
Published: May 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to unfold the role that job rotation plays in a lean cell. Unlike many studies, the authors consider heterogeneous operators with dynamic performance factor that is impacted by the assignment and scheduling decisions. The purpose is to derive an understanding of the underlying effects of job rotations on performance metrics in a lean cell. The authors use an optimization framework and an experimental design methodology for sensitivity analysis of the input parameters.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is an integration of three stages. The authors propose a set-based optimization model that considers human behavior parameters. They also solve the problem with two meta-heuristic algorithms and an efficient local search algorithm. Further, the authors run a post-optimality analysis by conducting a design of experiments using the response surface methodology (RSM).

Findings

The results of the optimization model reveal that the job rotation schedules and the human cognitive metrics influence the performance of the lean cell. The results of the sensitivity analysis further show that the objective function and the job rotation frequencies are highly sensitive to the other input parameters. Based on the findings from the RSM, the authors derive general rules for the job rotations in a lean cell given the ranges in other input variables.

Originality/value

The authors integrate the job rotation scheduling model with human behavioral and cognitive parameters and formulate the problem in a lean cell for the first time in the literature. In addition, they use the RSM for the first time in this context and offer a post-optimality analysis that reveals important information about the impact of the job rotations on the performance of operators and the entire working cell.
Dynamic capabilities: interrelations and distinct effects on performance in low and high competitive intensity environments
Authors: Markovich Amiram , Efrat Kalanit , Raban Daphne R.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

This study aims to augment the understanding of dynamic capabilities (DCs) by exploring the interrelations among the DC categories (sensing, seizing, reconfiguring) and the distinct impact of each DC on firm performance under low and high levels of competitive intensity.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis is based on a cross-sectional survey of 139 managers in Israel. The data were collected through Web-based questionnaires using the Qualtrics software. A two-stage data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

The findings indicate that DCs follow a sequence in which sensing drives seizing, which, in turn, enhances reconfiguring. The effects of sensing are mainly manifested through its direct impact on seizing, with no evidence for an impact of sensing on company performance. Moreover, under low competitive intensity, only seizing appears to impact performance, while under high competitive intensity, reconfiguring joins seizing in improving firm performance.

Originality/value

The study's findings advance the debate on the direct vs sequential nature of DCs by indicating an internal DC sequence. Our research also advocates for a crucial role of sensing in enhancing DCs, regardless of the level of competitive intensity. Furthermore, this research expands the understanding of the consequences of DCs and enables the prioritization of DC categories under low and high competitive intensity.
Towards economic sustainability: how higher education can support the business operations of emerging clothing manufacturing micro enterprises
Authors: Strydom Mariette , Kempen Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the business operations of informal clothing manufacturing micro enterprises (CMMEs) and identifies ways to support owners to achieve economic sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach applying a case study design was used to study the business operations of 13 informal CMME owners at a business incubation hub (IH).

Findings

The study found that emerging CMME owners need ongoing generic business and fashion-related field-specific support particular to their business. Such support can be offered through the collaboration between higher education (HE) institutions and business IHs.

Social implications

Starting a clothing manufacturing business offers women in Africa the opportunity to improve both their personal and community well-being contributing to three sustainable development goals, namely, to end poverty, gender equality and empowering women, as well as sustainable consumption and production patterns. Partnering with existing business IHs, HE can influence skills-specific training that may contribute to the economic sustainability of emerging entrepreneurs and reduce poverty.

Originality/value

The study proposes in-house apparel apprenticeships to ensure the economic sustainability of the CMME, contributing to apparel entrepreneurship literature and fashion-based entrepreneurship education.
Show you the money – firms investing in worker safety have better financial performance: insights from a mapping review
Authors: Sousa Saymon Ricardo de Oliveira , Melchior Cristiane , Da Silva Wesley Vieira , Zanini Roselaine Ruviaro , Su Zhaohui , da Veiga Claudimar Pereira
Published: May 2021

Purpose

This study aims to (1) investigate the association between companies' investment in occupational safety and their financial performance and (2) discuss the importance of occupational safety to overall performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Occupational safety is often considered to be a practice that can yield suboptimal return on investment. However, it is not known whether this belief is substantiated by evidence. A mapping review of the eligible research literature (N = 36) regarding firms' investment in occupational safety and their financial performance, published between 1945 and2018, was carried out in the Web of Science database.

Findings

By dispelling myths regarding return on investment associated with occupational safety, the findings of this study underscore financial gains firms can obtain by promoting occupational safety measures in their organizations.

Originality/value

These issues are important because they can help policymakers understand the pressures companies face in terms of occupational safety and financial performance sustainability.
Freeports: Innovative trading hubs or centres for money laundering and tax evasion?
Authors: Gilmour Paul Michael
Published: May 2021

Purpose

This study aims to provide a critical overview of freeports’ trading operations and consider to what extent they may present a money-laundering and tax-evasion risk.

Design/methodology/approach

This study reviews the literature surrounding freeports and offers an up-to-date narrative of their potential money-laundering and tax-evasion activities. The paper relies on secondary data from published sources referencing peer-reviewed papers and “grey-literature” material relating to freeports, offshore finance and anti-money laundering control.

Findings

This study demonstrates the attractive trading advantages offered by freeports to enable enterprise and innovation. However, the study reveals that the secretive offshore space in which freeports operate also helps to obscure beneficial ownership and illicit trade-based practices that frustrate authorities’ efforts to trace laundered monies and recover government taxes. Despite freeports’ trade offerings, stronger regulation is needed to prevent them from being abused for money-laundering and tax-evasion purposes.

Originality/value

This study provides an important insight into the money-laundering and tax-evasion risks presented by freeports and, in doing so, advances the contemporary debate on illicit activities occurring through offshore jurisdictions.
An analysis of the forfeiture regime under the anti-money laundering law
Authors: A. Rahman Aspalella
Published: May 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the forfeiture regime under the Malaysian anti-money laundering law. Apart from discussing the relevant provisions, several court cases also were examined to identify the problems which arise in the implementation of such a powerful forfeiture regime.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper mainly relies on statutes and court cases as its primary sources of information. It is supported by secondary data to justify the analysis. This paper also used analytical descriptive approach to analyze relevant forfeiture provisions from statutes and to examine current court cases regarding the implementation of the forfeiture regime.

Findings

The Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act (AMLATFPUAA) provides comprehensive procedures for the forfeiture of criminal proceeds. Any limitations of the previous statutory legislations have been addressed, and more importantly, the AMLATFPUAA introduces more powerful and innovative measures that can facilitate the recovery of illegal proceeds from money laundering and any other serious crimes. The AMLATFPUAA also provides avenue for the bona fide third parties to contest the forfeiture order. However, it appears that such right is not easy to be enforced.

Originality/value

This paper provides an analysis of the forfeiture regime under Malaysian anti-money laundering laws. It is hoped that the content of this paper can provide some insight into this particular area for enforcement authorities, practitioners, academics, policymakers and legal advisers not only in Malaysia but also elsewhere. The findings of this paper also expose any weakness or lacunae in the aspects of application and implementation of the forfeiture regime. Thus, more effective and workable legal solution especially on the issue of civil forfeiture of criminal assets could be considered for further accomplishment.
To be or not to be equal: the impact of pride on brands associated with dissociative out-groups
Authors: Lu Yue , Wang Zhanqing , Yang Defeng , Kakuda Nakaya
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Brands are increasingly reflecting social values, and many brands have begun to embrace equality and inclusivity as a marketing strategy. Accordingly, consumers are increasingly being exposed to brands associated with different social groups. This paper aims to examine how consumers who have experienced pride respond to brands associated with dissociative out-groups.

Design/methodology/approach

Four studies were conducted. Study 1 tested the basic effect of how the experience of different facets of pride affects consumers’ brand attitudes toward a brand associated with a dissociative out-group. Studies 2 and 3 examined the underlying mechanism of consumers’ psychological endorsement of egalitarianism using both mediation and moderation approaches. Study 4 derived implications of our findings for marketers.

Findings

The results show that consumers respond differently to a brand associated with a dissociative out-group based on the facets of pride they experience. When consumers experience authentic (vs hubristic) pride, they exhibit a more favorable attitude toward the brand associated with the dissociative out-group. This is because authentic (vs hubristic) pride increases consumers’ psychological endorsement of egalitarianism, which enhances consumers’ brand attitudes toward the brand associated with the dissociative out-group.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that brand managers should think about ways to elicit consumers’ authentic pride to minimize the potential backlash from consumers when promoting equality and inclusivity in their brand communications, particularly when such communications contain cues of dissociative out-groups.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the branding literature by identifying pride as an important determinant that can help brands overcome the negative impact of dissociative out-groups on consumers’ brand reactions, enriches the literature on pride by documenting a novel effect of the two facets of pride on consumer behavior and extends the literature of egalitarianism by demonstrating pride as a driver of consumers’ psychological endorsement of egalitarianism.
Personal information management on social media from the perspective of platform support: a text analysis based on the Chinese social media platform policy
Authors: Zhou Wenhong , Dai Linxu , Zhang Yujie , Wen Chuanling
Published: May 2021

Purpose

In this study, specific measures adopted by the social media platforms in China supporting personal information management are investigated via surveys targeting such platforms. The purpose of this paper is to find out how social media platforms understand information management, and from which aspects and through what specific methods they provide support for information management, which contributes to understanding the issues and strategies associated with personal information management on social media.

Design/methodology/approach

The dimensions and specific contents of the current platform support provided for information management are clearly defined by performing qualitative text analysis based on the content obtained from 11 platform policies published by five representative Chinese social media platforms.

Findings

How social media platforms support personal information management on creation, collection, utilisation, sharing, storage, protection, removal and modification is identified. By analysing the status quo of support provided by the Chinese social media platform, some issues are proposed for discussion. Improved normative management is required to address the coexistence of multivalued information and management risks. However, the user rights are limited because the platform policies tend to be more focused on the perspective of the social media platform. Furthermore, the platform policy contents regarding information management are incomplete, and the applicability of these policies should be improved.

Originality/value

This study seeks to contribute to personal information management on social media from the perspective of platform support. The perspective from the platforms as the service providers supporting information management also helps identify information management challenges and potential strategies. Furthermore, combining with the personal information management perspective, this study provides a background understanding of information management under a social collaborative framework for platforms, authorities, users and memory institutions.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-06-2020-0249
A boom‐or‐bust approach—The ‘Glass Cannon’ hypothesis in host microbiomes
Authors: Antwis Rachael
Published: May 2021

In Focus: Dunphy, CM, Vollmer, SV, Gouhier, TC. (2021) Host–microbial systems as glass cannons: Explaining microbiome stability in corals exposed to extrinsic perturbations. Journal of Animal Ecology, 90, 1044–1057. The importance of symbiotic microbial communities for the functioning of animal hosts is now well‐documented; however, the interactions between host microbiomes and stress are less well‐understood. Dunphy et al. used a common garden experiment to show that host–microbiomes vary in their resilience across different coral species. The authors then used mathematical modelling to provide novel evidence that species with microbiomes that are regulated by host processes are robust to perturbation from stressors, but that robustness comes at a higher cost to the host. Conversely, species with microbiomes that are regulated by microbial processes are generally much more resilient and cheaper to support, but when disrupted by external stressors, the communities break down entirely—these latter species are termed ‘glass cannons’. This novel hypothesis has important implications for how host microbiomes function in a rapidly changing world that exposes animal hosts to multiple biotic and abiotic perturbations.
The Role of FDI Motives in the Link between Institutional Distance and Subsidiary Ownership Choice by Emerging Market Multinational Enterprises
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhou Nan , Park Seung Ho , Khan Zaheer , Meyer Martin
Published: May 2021

This study advances the limited generalizability of previous studies that have focused on developed market multinational enterprises and explores the link between institutional distance and ownership choice of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). Such studies in the EMNE context have been rare, and we provide key theoretical explanations for EMNEs’ distinct foreign direct investment motives to act as important contingencies in the link between institutional distance and EMNEs’ ownership choices. Analyses of longitudinal data of Chinese firms’ internationalization from 2001 to 2017 reveal that the higher the institutional distance, the lower the level of EMNE subsidiary ownership control with market‐seeking motives; while the higher the institutional distance, the higher the level of EMNE subsidiary ownership control with knowledge‐seeking motives.
Phenotyping pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Papageorghiou Aris T
Published: May 2021

Deputy Editor‐in‐Chief, Dr Aris T. Papageorghiou, discusses the latest thinking in women's health and highlights articles from this issue in an audio podcast available at: https://soundcloud.com/bjog/june-editors-choice-2021.
Cash‐for‐Information Whistleblower Programs: Effects on Whistleblowing and Consequences for Whistleblowers
Authors: DEY AIYESHA , HEESE JONAS , PÉREZ‐CAVAZOS GERARDO
Published: May 2021

We study the effect of financial incentives on whistleblowing and the consequences for whistleblowers under the cash‐for‐information program of the False Claims Act (FCA). Exploiting appeals‐court decisions that increase financial incentives for whistleblowing, we find that greater incentives increase the number of lawsuits filed with the regulator, the regulator's investigation length, the percentage of intervened lawsuits, and the percentage of settled lawsuits. Using information from lawsuits, a professional networking site, and background checks for up to 1,168 whistleblowers, we find that whistleblowers’ long‐term annual income decreases by approximately 8.6% or $6,500 but do not find evidence of social costs. In comparison, whistleblowers can expect to receive approximately $140,000 for blowing the whistle. Overall, our results suggest that the FCA cash‐for‐information program helps expose corporate misconduct and helps compensate whistleblowers for their income loss.
Salmonella in eggs: From shopping to consumption—A review providing an evidence‐based analysis of risk factors
Authors: Cardoso Maria João , Nicolau Anca Ioana , Borda Daniela , Nielsen Line , Maia Rui Leandro , Møretrø Trond , Ferreira Vânia , Knøchel Susanne , Langsrud Solveig , Teixeira Paula
Published: May 2021

Nontyphoidal salmonellae are among the most prevalent foodborne pathogens causing gastrointestinal infections worldwide. A high number of cases and outbreaks of salmonellosis are associated with the consumption of eggs and egg products, and several of these occur at the household level. The aim of the current study is to critically evaluate the current status of knowledge on Salmonella in eggs from a consumer's perspective, analyzing the hazard occurrence and the good practices that should be applied to reduce salmonellosis risk. Following a HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) based approach, some steps along the food journey were identified as Critical Consumer Handling (CCH)—steps in which consumers, through their behavior or choice, can significantly reduce the level of Salmonella in eggs and egg products. From shopping/collecting to consumption, each of these steps is discussed in this review to provide an evidence‐based overview of risk factors of human salmonellosis related to egg consumption. The main message to consumers is to choose Salmonella‐free eggs (those that some official entity or producer guarantees that does not contain Salmonella), when available, especially for dishes that are not fully heat treated. Second, as guaranteed Salmonella‐free eggs are only available in a few countries, refrigerated storage from the point of collection and proper cooking will significantly reduce the risk of salmonellosis. This will require a revision of the actual recommendations/regulations, as not all ensure that eggs are maintained at temperatures that prevent growth of Salmonella from collection until the time of purchasing.
‘I'm not in GP pain, I'm in hospital pain’: Qualitative study regarding patient decision‐making factors in seeking care in the emergency department with non‐specific low back pain
Authors: Saggers Annabel , Wand Benedict M , Bulsara Caroline , Truter Piers
Published: May 2021

Objective

To investigate factors contributing to the decision for a working age adult experiencing non‐specific low back pain (NSLBP) to seek care at an Australian metropolitan tertiary ED.

Methods

Participants triaged with NSLBP were recruited from one metropolitan tertiary Australian ED. We employed a qualitative descriptive methodology using semi‐structured interviews to collect data. The short‐form Orebro musculoskeletal pain screening questionnaire was administered pre‐interview and used to inform discussion of psychosocial factors in the interview.

Results

Patient perception and interpretation of their low back pain symptoms was the most important participant decision‐making factor. This was part of the care‐seeking decision for all participants. Convenience of care accessed in the ED was also important with many participants aiming to avoid multiple appointments in primary care settings while in pain or attending ED because it was close to home. Participants expected high‐quality care in the ED and often did not identify an alternative in primary care they believed could provide an equivalent standard of care. Few participants were advised to attend ED by a GP or physiotherapist, but when given, this advice was a critical factor.

Conclusions

Patient beliefs about NSLBP are important drivers of ED care seeking. Evidence‐based guidelines recommend screening for red flags and then addressing pain and disability through engagement with patient concerns and providing a management plan/pathway. In the ED setting, addressing the anxieties of these patients and re‐interpreting the significance of their pain may be a path to providing time efficient high‐value care.
Efficacy and safety of biophenol‐rich nutraceuticals in adults with inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases or irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Giang Joanna , Lan Xiao , Crichton Megan , Marx Wolfgang , Marshall Skye
Published: May 2021

Aim

Biophenol‐rich nutraceuticals may be an adjuvant treatment for Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of biophenol‐rich nutraceutical supplementation on CD, UC, SUDD, and IBS on gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), quality of life (QoL), inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and adverse events compared to usual care or placebo.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and CENTRAL were searched for randomised controlled trials until 27 April 2020. Outcomes were GIS, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, QoL, and adverse events. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE were used to appraise studies. Data were pooled using Revman.

Results

Twenty‐three trials in CD, UC, and IBS patients were included. Compared with placebo, biophenol‐rich nutraceuticals improved GIS (SMD: 0.43 [95%CI: 0.22, 0.63]; GRADE: very low) in UC, CD, and IBS participants. In UC and CD participants, biophenol‐rich nutraceuticals improved CRP by 1.6 mg/L [95%CI:0.08, 3.11; GRADE: low], malondialdehyde by 1 mmol/L [95%CI:0.55, 1.38; GRADE: low]; but only resveratrol improved QoL (SMD: −0.84 [95%CI: −1.24, −0.44; GRADE: high). Resveratrol (for UC and CD participants) and peppermint oil (for IBS participants) had greater certainty in the evidence for improving GIS and QoL (GRADE: moderate to high). There was no effect on adverse events (P > .05).

Conclusions

Biophenol‐rich nutraceuticals may be an effective and safe adjuvant treatment for the management of CD, UC, and IBS; with higher certainty of evidence for resveratrol for UC and CD and peppermint oil for IBS.
COVID‐19: vaccine’s progress
Authors: Brüssow Harald
Published: May 2021

Under the pressure of the COVID‐19 pandemic, vaccines were developed and rolled out into mass vaccination campaigns at incredible speed. What normally takes a decade was worked out within a year. Vaccines were produced along many different platforms ranging from inactivated whole virus vaccines over adenovirus‐vectored vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines and nanoparticles to mRNA vaccines. Several vaccines went through preclinical testing and completed successful phase 1 to phase 3 clinical trials. The first evaluations of national vaccination campaigns document astonishing high levels of protection against disease. The present article summarizes the published reports leading to these striking achievements with vaccines based on different concepts.
Electronic nursing care plans through the use of NANDA, NOC, and NIC taxonomies in community setting: A descriptive study in northern Italy
Authors: Aleandri Marianna , Scalorbi Sandra , Pirazzini Maria Cristina
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To carry on a descriptive analysis of nursing standardized language through the use of a software within outpatient facilities in northern Italy, organized according to the Chronic Care Model (CCM) and called Community Health Centers (CHC).

Methods

A descriptive design was adopted for the study. NANDA‐I, NOC, and NIC taxonomies have been used to analyze care plans pulled from the software. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed.

Findings

The average of nursing diagnosis correctly identified with respect to the nursing assessment is 83.7% (SD 29.9%). Class 4 diagnoses from Domains 4 have been identified as the most prevalent (22.4%), followed by risk for unstable blood glucose level 00179 (16.4%) and risk for overweight 00234 (13%). The main nursing outcomes were vital signs 0802 (22.5%), blood glucose level 2300 (16%), and weight loss behavior 1627 (11%). The most prevalent nursing interventions are wound care 3660 (27%), medication administration: intramuscular 2313 (19%), and health education 5510 (14%). The analysis shows ability in identifying nursing diagnoses, but a larger variability with outcomes and interventions. The study highlights the nursing role within CHC and identifies the main areas of expertise in chronic disease management: prevention and health education.

Conclusions

Nurses’ role is fundamental for chronic disease management within CHC; NANDA‐I taxonomy helps to analyze care plans.

Implications for nursing practice

‐ A taxonomy such as NANDA‐I represents a valid opportunity to make more visible how much nursing skills affect the achievement of a higher level of health in chronic patients.

‐ This study is useful in the further training of outpatient nurses who works in CHC.

‐ The study represents the starting point for future research to deepen the development of a standardized nursing language in outpatient facilities.
How PARO can help older people in elderly care facilities: A systematic review of RCT
Authors: Wang Xinxia , Shen Jun , Chen Qiu
Published: May 2021

Purpose

This review aims to systematically evaluate the effects of Paro on older adults and provide a stronger basis for the rational application of Paro in aged care facilities.

Methods

Articles published between January 2003 and January 2020 via five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Chinese database SinoMed) were searched. The Cochrane collaboration tool for randomized controlled trials was used to assess the quality of all included studies.

Results

Nine articles were included in this systematic review. All articles were summarized according to three themes: quality of life, and biopsychological conditions, and drug usage.

Conclusions

The review demonstrated that interaction with Paro can be beneficial for improving quality of life (QOL), biopsychological conditions, and reducing psychotropic and pain medical usage. Since the differences of the study design and low to moderate quality of these studies, however, we should be cautious to make positive comments on the role of Paro.

Implications of nursing practice

The implications of Paro in aged care facilities have positive effects on nursing outcomes. This review helps caregivers understand the advantages and disadvantages of care robots, and promotes the integration of intelligent technology and manual services in nursing practice.
Fluid balance‐adjusted creatinine in diagnosing acute kidney injury in the critically ill
Authors: Törnblom Sanna , Wiersema Renske , Prowle John R. , Haapio Mikko , Pettilä Ville , Vaara Suvi T.
Published: May 2021

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often diagnosed based on plasma creatinine (Cr) only. Adjustment of Cr for cumulative fluid balance due to potential dilution of Cr and subsequently missed Cr‐based diagnosis of AKI has been suggested, albeit the physiological rationale for these adjustments is questionable. Furthermore, whether these adjustments lead to a different incidence of AKI when used in conjunction with urine output (UO) criteria is unknown.

Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of the Finnish Acute Kidney Injury study. Hourly UO and daily plasma Cr were measured during the first 5 days of intensive care unit admission. Cr values were adjusted following the previously used formula and combined with the UO criteria. Resulting incidences and mortality rates were compared with the results based on unadjusted values.

Results

In total, 2044 critically ill patients were analyzed. The mean difference between the adjusted and unadjusted Cr of all 7279 observations was 5 (±15) µmol/L. Using adjusted Cr in combination with UO and renal replacement therapy criteria resulted in the diagnosis of 19 (1%) additional AKI patients. The absolute difference in the incidence was 0.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3%‐1.6%). Mortality rates were not significantly different between the reclassified AKI patients using the full set of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria.

Conclusion

Fluid balance‐adjusted Cr resulted in little change in AKI incidence, and only minor differences in mortality between patients who changed category after adjustment and those who did not. Using adjusted Cr values to diagnose AKI does not seem worthwhile in critically ill patients.
Effects of advanced maternal age and acute prenatal alcohol exposure on mouse offspring growth and craniofacial phenotype
Authors: Draghici Diana , Barr Kevin , Hardy Daniel B. , Allman Brian L. , Willmore Katherine E.
Published: May 2021

Background

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in developmental defects that include growth restriction, craniofacial anomalies, and cognitive behavioral deficits, though the presence and severity of these adverse outcomes can vary dramatically among exposed individuals. Preclinical animal models have demonstrated that the dose and timing of PAE account for much, but not all, of this phenotypic variation, suggesting that additional factors mitigate the effects of PAE. Here, we used a mouse model to investigate whether maternal age modulates the effects of PAE on the severity and variation in offspring growth and craniofacial outcomes.

Methods

Nulliparous C57BL/6N dams received either an intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (EtOH) or vehicle solution on gestational day 7.5. Dams were divided into four groups: (1) EtOH‐treated young dams (6 to 10 weeks); (2) control young dams; (3) EtOH‐treated old dams (6 to 7 months); and (4) old control dams. Neonate offspring growth restriction was measured through body mass and organ‐to‐body mass ratios, while skeletal craniofacial features were imaged using micro‐CT and analyzed for size, shape, and variation.

Results

PAE and advanced maternal age each increased the risk of low birthweight and growth restriction in offspring, but these factors in combination changed the nature of the growth restriction. Similarly, both PAE and advanced maternal age individually caused changes to craniofacial morphology such as smaller skull size, dysmorphic skull shape, and greater skull shape variation and asymmetry. Interestingly, while the combination of PAE and advanced maternal age did not affect mean skull shape or size, it significantly increased the variation and asymmetry of those measures.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that maternal age modulates the effects of PAE, but that the effects of this combination on offspring outcomes are more complex than simply scaling the effects of either factor.
Investigating differences in population recovery rates of two sympatrically nesting sea turtle species
Authors: Omeyer L. C. M. , Stokes K. L. , Beton D. , Çiçek B. A. , Davey S. , Fuller W. J. , Godley B. J. , Sherley R. B. , Snape R. T. E. , Broderick A. C.
Published: May 2021

Estimating life‐history traits and understanding their variation underpins the management of long‐lived, migratory animals, while knowledge of recovery dynamics can inform the management of conservation‐dependent species. Using a combination of nest counts and individual‐based life‐history data collected since 1993, we explore the drivers underlying contrasting population recovery rates of sympatrically nesting loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles in North Cyprus. We found that nest counts of loggerhead and green turtles from 28 beaches across the island increased by 46% and 162%, respectively over the past 27 years. A Bayesian state‐space model revealed that, at our individual‐based monitoring site, nesting of green turtles increased annually at four times the rate of that of loggerhead turtles. Furthermore, we found that loggerhead turtles nesting at the individual‐based monitoring site had stable reproductive parameters and average adult survival for the species and are the smallest breeding adults globally. Based on results from multiple matrix model scenarios, we propose that higher mortality rates of individuals in all age classes (likely driven by differences in life history and interaction with fisheries), rather than low reproductive output, are impeding the recovery of this species. While the increase in green turtles is encouraging, the Mediterranean population is estimated to have around 3,400 adults and is restricted to the Eastern Basin. The recovery of loggerhead turtles is likely to be compromised until mortality rates in the region are adequately quantified and mitigated. As survival of immature individuals is a powerful driver for sea turtle population numbers, additional efforts should target management at pelagic and neritic foraging areas. Understanding threats faced by immature life stages is crucial to accurately parameterise population models and to target conservation actions for long‐lived marine vertebrates.
Converting rangelands to reserves: Small mammal and reptile responses 24 years after domestic livestock grazing removal
Authors: Neilly Heather , Ward Michelle , Cale Peter
Published: May 2021

With one million species threatened with extinction and more than a third of terrestrial Earth now devoted to crop or livestock production, many conservation organisations are acquiring land, destocking and converting them to national parks or conservation reserves. When pastoral properties are acquired, destocking is often the first management action. Species responses to destocking are varied and largely associated with changes in ground vegetation complexity. However, studies over short timeframes may fail to capture the often slow and episodic recovery post‐destocking, particularly in arid and semi‐arid ecosystems. In this study, we examined the response of small mammals and reptiles between 6 and 24 years since destocking in mallee (Eucalytpussp.) andCasuarinavegetation communities in semi‐arid Australia. As casuarina sites were closer to water than mallee, they were subject to higher domestic livestock grazing intensity, and higher grazing pressure from invasive goats and native kangaroos after livestock were removed. We related faunal abundance and diversity to time‐since‐destocking, fractional cover, rainfall and temperature and described compositional dynamics. We found that the vegetation types had distinct fauna communities and unique recovery trajectories. In mallee, reptile abundance and diversity increased with time‐since‐destocking but did not change in casuarina. Small mammal response to time‐since‐destocking was non‐linear and strongly influenced by rainfall. Overall, the mallee community showed signs of recovery, but recovery was less evident in the more degraded casuarina. We highlight that destocking ex‐pastoral properties is rarely a restoration ‘quick‐fix’ and land managers must deal with a complex legacy of impacts, when converting pastoral land to conservation reserves.
Potential biomarkers of infertility associated with microbiome imbalances
Authors: Azpiroz Maria Agustina , Orguilia Lucila , Palacio Maria Ines , Malpartida Alejandro , Mayol Soledad , Mor Gil , Gutiérrez Gabriela
Published: May 2021

Problem

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between vaginal/rectal microbiome disbalances and miRNA expression with infertility.

Method of study

Observational, exploratory, preliminary study. A total of 287 multiple IVF failure infertile patients were recruited. Twenty fertile women, not IVF failure, were recruited as the control group. Swab samples were collected from the vagina and rectum. Microbial composition by NGS and miRNA expression by real‐time PCR of vaginal and rectal samples was measured. Immunometabolic markers from blood (insulin, vitamin D, LDL‐cholesterol, ANA, TPO, Tg, and ASCA antibodies) and saliva (sIgA) were analyzed.

Result(s)

Infertile patients showed a lower bacterial richness and increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio at rectal level and an increased Lactobacillus brevis/Lactobacillus iners ratio in vaginal samples regarding the fertile group. In the same rectal swab samples, we found that miR‐21‐5p, which is associated with tight junction disruption and yeast overgrowth, is upregulated and that miR‐155‐5p, which is associated with inflammation, is overexpressed in the unexplained infertile group (*p < .05). These deregulated miRNAs were also upregulated in the vaginal samples from the same patients (*p < .05).

Conclusion

miRNAs could be potential biomarkers of the inflammatory impact of microbiome disbalances in unexplained infertile women.
Distinction between peanut allergy and tolerance by characterization of B cell receptor repertoires
Authors: Ehlers Anna M. , den Hartog Jager Constance F. , Knulst André C. , Otten Henny G.
Published: May 2021

Background

Specific IgE against a peanut 2S albumin (Ara h 2 or 6) is the best predictor of clinically relevant peanut sensitization. However, sIgE levels of peanut allergic and those of peanut sensitized but tolerant patients partly overlap, highlighting the need for improved diagnostics to prevent incorrect diagnosis and consequently unnecessary food restrictions. Thus, we sought to explore differences in V(D)J gene transcripts coding for peanut 2S albumin‐specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from allergic and sensitized but tolerant donors.

Methods

2S albumin‐binding B‐cells were single‐cell sorted from peripheral blood of peanut allergic (n=6) and tolerant (n=6) donors sensitized to Ara h2 and/or 6 (≥ 0.1 kU/l) and non‐atopic controls (n=5). h 2 and/or 6 (≥ 0.1 kU/l). Corresponding h heavy and light chain gene transcripts were heterologously expressed as mAbs and tested for specificity to native Ara h2 and 6. HCDR3 sequence motifs were identified by Levenshtein distances and hierarchically clustering.

Results

The frequency of 2S albumin‐binding B cells was increased in allergic (median: 0.01%) compared to tolerant (median: 0.006%) and non‐atopic donors (median: 0.0015%, p = 0.008). The majority of mAbs (74%, 29/39) bound specifically to Ara h 2 and/or 6. Non‐specific mAbs (9/10) were mainly derived from non‐atopic controls. In allergic donors, 89% of heavy chain gene transcripts consisted of VH3 family genes, compared with only 54% in sensitized but tolerant and 63% of non‐atopic donors. Additionally, certain HCDR3 sequence motifs were associated with allergy (n = 4) or tolerance (n = 3) upon hierarchical clustering of their Levenshtein distances.

Conclusions

Peanut allergy is associated with dominant VH3 family gene usage and certain public antibody sequences (HCDR3 motifs).