bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic modulation of the processing of unpredicted technical errors by the posterior cingulate and the default mode network
Authors: Wang Zhiyan , Becker Markus , Kondla Gregor , Gimpel Henner , Beer Anton L. , Greenlee Mark W.
Published: June 2024

The pervasive use of information technologies (IT) has tremendously benefited our daily lives. However, unpredicted technical breakdowns and errors can lead to the experience of stress, which has been termed technostress. It remains poorly understood how people dynamically respond to unpredicted system runtime errors occurring while interacting with the IT systems on a behavioral and neuronal level. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying such processes, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which 15 young adults solved arithmetic problems of three difficulty levels (easy, medium and hard) while two types of system runtime errors (problem errors and feedback errors) occurred in an unexpected manner. The problem error condition consisted of apparently defective displays of the arithmetic problem and the feedback error condition involved erroneous feedback. We found that the problem errors positively influenced participants’ problem-solving performance at the high difficulty level (i.e., hard tasks) at the initial stage of the session, while feedback errors disturbed their performance. These dynamic behavioral changes are mainly associated with brain activation changes in the posterior cingulate and the default mode network, including the posterior cingulate cortex, the mPFC, the retrosplenial cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus. Our study illustrates the regulatory role of the posterior cingulate in coping with unpredicted errors as well as with dynamic changes in the environment.
Citrate and low-dose heparin combined anticoagulation in pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Zhu Desheng , He Jie , Xiao Zhenghui , Zhou Xiong , Zhang Xinping
Published: June 2024

There remains no optimal anticoagulation protocol for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in pediatric patients with elevated D-dimer levels. We aimed to assess the effects of different anticoagulation strategies on the risk of CRRT filter clotting in these patients. Pediatric patients undergoing CRRT were retrospectively grouped based on pre-CRRT D-dimer levels and anticoagulant: D-RCA group (normal D-dimer, RCA only, n = 22), D+ RCA group (elevated D-dimer, RCA only, n = 50), and D+ RCA+ systemic heparin anticoagulation (SHA) group (elevated D-dimer, RCA combined with SHA, n = 55). The risk of filter clotting and incidence of bleeding were compared among the groups. Among the groups, the D+ RCA+ SHA group had the longest filter lifespan; further, the incidence of bleeding was not increased by concurrent use of low-dose heparin for anticoagulation. Moreover, concurrent heparin anticoagulation was associated with a decreased risk of filter clotting. Contrastingly, high pre-CRRT hemoglobin and D-dimer levels and post-filter ionized calcium level > 0.4 mmol/L were associated with an increased risk of filter clotting. RCA combined with low-dose heparin anticoagulation could reduce the risk of filter clotting and prolong filter lifespan without increasing the risk of bleeding in patients with elevated D-dimer levels undergoing CRRT.
Antifeedant, antifungal and nematicidal compounds from the endophyte Stemphylium solani isolated from wormwood
Authors: Diaz Carmen E. , Andres Maria Fe , Lacret Rodney , Cabrera Raimundo , Gimenez Cristina , Kaushik Nutan , Gonzalez-Coloma Azucena
Published: June 2024

The continuous search for natural product-based biopesticides from fungi isolated from untapped sources is an effective tool. In this study, we studied a pre-selected fungal endophyte, isolate Aa22, from the medicinal plant Artemisia absinthium, along with the antifungal, insect antifeedant and nematicidal compounds present in the extract. The endophyte Aa22 was identified as Stemphylium solani by molecular analysis. The antifungal activity was tested by broth microdilution against Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme and Botrytis cinerea, the insect antifeedant by choice bioassays against Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae and Rhopalosiphum padi and the in vitro mortality against the root-knot nematode Meloiydogyne javanica. The structures of bioactive compounds were determined on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The ethyl acetate extract obtained from the solid rice fermentation showed mycelial growth inhibition of fungal pathogens (EC50 0.08–0.31 mg/mL), was antifeedant to M. persicae (99%) and nematicidal (68% mortality). A bioguided fractionation led to the isolation of the new compound stempholone A (1), and the known stempholone B (2) and stemphol (3). These compounds exhibited antifeedant (EC50 0.50 mg/mL), antifungal (EC50 0.02–0.43 mg/L) and nematicidal (MLD 0.5 mg/mL) activities. The extract activities can be explained by 3 (antifungal), 1–3 (antifeedant) and 1 (nematicidal). Phytotoxicity tests on Lolium perenne and Lactuca sativa showed that the extract and 1 increased L. sativa root growth (121–130%) and 1 reduced L. perenne growth (48–49%). These results highlight the potential of the endophytic fungi Aa22 as biotechnological source of natural product-based biopesticides.
Reduced expression of cathepsin F predicts poor prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xin , Chen Huayan , Huang Dong , Guan Guixian , Ma Xiaoli , Cai Weiming , Liao Jing , Guan Tangming
Published: June 2024

Abnormalities in the extracellular matrix (ECM) play important roles in the regulation and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The cysteine cathepsin is one of the major proteases involved in ECM remodeling and has been shown to be aberrantly expressed in multiple cancer types. However, the clinical significance and biological function of distinct cysteine cathepsins in ccRCC remain poorly understood. In this study, several bioinformatics databases, including UALCAN, TIMER, GEPIA and the Human Protein Atlas datasets, were used to analyze the expression and prognostic value of different cysteine cathepsin family members in ccRCC. We found that the expression level of CTSF was downregulated in tumor tissues and closely related to the poor survival of ccRCC patients. Further in vitro experiments suggested that CTSF overexpression suppressed the proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells. Moreover, the expression of CTSF was shown to be associated with several immune-infiltrating cells and immunomodulators in ccRCC. These results indicated that CTSF might be a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker in ccRCC.
Development of DNA aptamers targeting B7H3 by hybrid-SELEX: an alternative to antibodies for immuno-assays
Authors: Maradani Bhavani Shankar , Parameswaran Sowmya , Subramanian Krishnakumar
Published: June 2024

Antibodies have been extensively used in numerous applications within proteomics-based technologies, requiring high sensitivity, specificity, a broad dynamic range for detection, and precise, reproducible quantification. Seeking alternatives to antibodies due to several inherent limitations of antibodies is an area of active research of tremendous importance. Recently, aptamers have been receiving increasing attention, because they not only have all of the advantages of antibodies, but also have unique advantages, such as thermal stability, low cost, and unlimited applications. Aptamers are gaining importance in immunological studies and can potentially replace antibodies in immunoassays. B7H3, an immunoregulatory protein belonging to the B7 family, is an attractive and promising target due to its overexpression in several tumor tissues while exhibiting limited expression in normal tissues. This study employed hybrid-SELEX with next-generation sequencing to select ssDNA aptamers specifically binding to the B7H3 protein. These aptamers demonstrated versatility across various assays, including flow cytometry, dot-blot, and immunohistochemistry. Effective performance in sandwich dot-blot assays and western blot analysis suggests their potential for diagnostic applications and demonstrates their adaptability and cost-effectiveness in diverse protein detection techniques.
Satellite-based analysis of top of atmosphere shortwave radiative forcing trend induced by biomass burning aerosols over South-Eastern Atlantic
Authors: Jouan Caroline , Myhre Gunnar
Published: June 2024

This study investigates long-term changes in the shortwave direct aerosol radiative effect (DARE) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) induced by biomass burning aerosol (BBA) transported from southern Africa to the south-eastern Atlantic (SEA) stratocumulus region during extended fire seasons. The evolution since 2002 of aerosol, cloud properties, and TOA shortwave outgoing radiation from advanced passive satellite sensors are presented, as well as the observational trend in clear-sky DAREclrand the retrieval trend in all-sky DAREall. Supplemented by chemical transport model simulations, we estimate that DAREclrhas become more negative (−0.09 ± 0.06 W m−2yr−1) due to increased aerosol presence in SEA. Meanwhile, DAREallhas become more positive ( + 0.04 ± 0.15 W m−2yr−1) due to aerosols in cloudy sky regions. This study reveals satellite capabilities in capturing complex BBA-cloud-solar radiation interactions for accurate radiative forcing estimates and projections.
Genome-wide association and expression quantitative trait loci in cattle reveals common genes regulating mammalian fertility
Authors: Forutan Mehrnush , Engle Bailey N. , Chamberlain Amanda J. , Ross Elizabeth M. , Nguyen Loan T. , D’Occhio Michael J. , Snr Alf Collins , Kho Elise A. , Fordyce Geoffry , Speight Shannon , Goddard Michael E. , Hayes Ben J.
Published: June 2024

Most genetic variants associated with fertility in mammals fall in non-coding regions of the genome and it is unclear how these variants affect fertility. Here we use genome-wide association summary statistics for Heifer puberty (pubertal or not at 600 days) from 27,707 Bos indicus, Bos taurus and crossbred cattle; multi-trait GWAS signals from 2119 indicine cattle for four fertility traits, including days to calving, age at first calving, pregnancy status, and foetus age in weeks (assessed by rectal palpation of the foetus); and expression quantitative trait locus for whole blood from 489 indicine cattle, to identify 87 putatively functional genes affecting cattle fertility. Our analysis reveals a significant overlap between the set of cattle and previously reported human fertility-related genes, impling the existence of a shared pool of genes that regulate fertility in mammals. These findings are crucial for developing approaches to improve fertility in cattle and potentially other mammals.
Neural network approach to quasiparticle dispersions in doped antiferromagnets
Authors: Lange Hannah , Döschl Fabian , Carrasquilla Juan , Bohrdt Annabelle
Published: June 2024

Numerically simulating large, spinful, fermionic systems is of great interest in condensed matter physics. However, the exponential growth of the Hilbert space dimension with system size renders exact quantum state parameterizations impractical. Owing to their representative power, neural networks often allow to overcome this exponential scaling. Here, we investigate the ability of neural quantum states (NQS) to represent the bosonic and fermionict − Jmodel – the high interaction limit of the Hubbard model – on various 1D and 2D lattices. Using autoregressive, tensorized recurrent neural networks (RNNs), we study ground state representations upon hole doping the half-filled system. Additionally, we propose a method to calculate quasiparticle dispersions, applicable to any network architecture or lattice geometry, and allowing to infer the low-energy physics from NQS. By analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the RNN ansatz we shed light on the challenges and promises of NQS for simulating bosonic and fermionic systems.
Hydrogels for next generation neural interfaces
Authors: Cheng Simin , Zhu Ruiqi , Xu Xiaomin
Published: June 2024

Overcoming the mechanical disparities between implantable neural electrodes and biological tissue is crucial in mitigating immune responses, reducing shear motion, and ensuring durable functionality. Emerging hydrogel-based neural interfaces, with their volumetric capacitance, customizable conductivity, and tissue-mimicking mechanical properties, offer a more efficient, less detrimental, and chronically stable alternative to their rigid counterparts. Here, we provide an overview of the exceptional advantages of hydrogels for the development of next-generation neural interfaces and highlight recent advancements that are transforming the field.
Slab buckling as a driver for rapid oscillations in Indian plate motion and subduction rate
Authors: van der Wiel Erik , Pokorný Jakub , Čížková Hana , Spakman Wim , van den Berg Arie P. , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J.
Published: June 2024

Plate tectonics is primarily driven by the constant gravitational pull of slabs where oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at subduction zones. Under stable plate boundary configurations, changes in plate motion are then thought to occur gradually. Surprisingly, recent high-resolution Indian plate reconstructions revealed rapid (2–3 Million-year) plate velocity oscillations of ±50 %. We show, through numerical experiments, that the buckling of slabs in the mantle transition zone causes such oscillations. This buckling results from the deceleration of slabs as they sink into the lower mantle. The amplitude and period of buckling-associated oscillations depend on average subduction velocity and the available space in the mantle transition zone. The oscillations also affect the upper plate which may explain enigmatic observations of episodic deformation and fluid flow in subduction-related orogens. We infer that the slab pull that drives plate tectonics is generated in just the top few hundred kilometers of the mantle.
Whole body physiology model to simulate respiratory depression of fentanyl and associated naloxone reversal
Authors: Baird Austin , White Steven A. , Das Rishi , Tatum Nathan , Bisgaard Erika K.
Published: June 2024

Background

Opioid use in the United States and abroad is an endemic part of society with yearly increases in overdose rates and deaths. In response, the use of the safe and effective reversal agent, naloxone, is being fielded and used by emergency medical technicians at a greater rate. There is evidence that repeated dosing of a naloxone nasal spray is becoming more common. Despite this we lack repeated dosing guidelines as a function of the amount of opiate the patient has taken.

Methods

To measure repeat dosing guidelines, we construct a whole-body model of the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of an opiate, fentanyl on respiratory depression. We then construct a model of nasal deposition and administration of naloxone to investigate repeat dosing requirements for large overdose scenarios. We run a single patient through multiple goal directed resuscitation protocols and measure total naloxone administered.

Results

Here we show that naloxone is highly effective at reversing the respiratory symptoms of the patient and recommend dosing requirements as a function of the fentanyl amount administered. We show that for increasing doses of fentanyl, naloxone requirements also increase. The rescue dose displays a nonlinear response to the initial opioid dose. This nonlinear response is largely logistic with three distinct phases: onset, rapid acceleration, and a plateau period for doses above 1.2 mg.

Conclusions

This paper investigates the total naloxone dose needed to properly reverse respiratory depression associated with fentanyl overdose. We show that the current guidelines for a rescue dose may be much lower than required.
Distinct brain morphometry patterns revealed by deep learning improve prediction of post-stroke aphasia severity
Authors: Teghipco Alex , Newman-Norlund Roger , Fridriksson Julius , Rorden Christopher , Bonilha Leonardo
Published: June 2024

Background

Emerging evidence suggests that post-stroke aphasia severity depends on the integrity of the brain beyond the lesion. While measures of lesion anatomy and brain integrity combine synergistically to explain aphasic symptoms, substantial interindividual variability remains unaccounted. One explanatory factor may be the spatial distribution of morphometry beyond the lesion (e.g., atrophy), including not just specific brain areas, but distinct three-dimensional patterns.

Methods

Here, we test whether deep learning with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on whole brain morphometry (i.e., segmented tissue volumes) and lesion anatomy better predicts chronic stroke individuals with severe aphasia (N = 231) than classical machine learning (Support Vector Machines; SVMs), evaluating whether encoding spatial dependencies identifies uniquely predictive patterns.

Results

CNNs achieve higher balanced accuracy and F1 scores, even when SVMs are nonlinear or integrate linear or nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Parity only occurs when SVMs access features learned by CNNs. Saliency maps demonstrate that CNNs leverage distributed morphometry patterns, whereas SVMs focus on the area around the lesion. Ensemble clustering of CNN saliencies reveals distinct morphometry patterns unrelated to lesion size, consistent across individuals, and which implicate unique networks associated with different cognitive processes as measured by the wider neuroimaging literature. Individualized predictions depend on both ipsilateral and contralateral features outside the lesion.

Conclusions

Three-dimensional network distributions of morphometry are directly associated with aphasia severity, underscoring the potential for CNNs to improve outcome prognostication from neuroimaging data, and highlighting the prospective benefits of interrogating spatial dependence at different scales in multivariate feature space.
A N-doped carbon substrate makes the Ru–Co alloy an efficient electrocatalyst for pH-universal seawater splitting
Authors: Xiong Kang-Yi , Shen Le-Wei , Wang Yong , Liu Yu , Hu Ming-Xia , Ying Jie , Xiao Yu-Xuan , Shen Ling , Tian Ge , Yang Xiao-Yu
Published: June 2024

The N-doped nanocage electrocatalyst Ru0.4Co–CN-300 has been engineered. The N-doped carbon cage structure and surface reconstruction of this catalyst are critical factors underlying its enhanced electrocatalytic performance.
Conformational adaptation and large amplitude motions of 1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol with two water molecules: a rotational spectroscopic and ab initio investigation
Authors: Carlson Colton D. , Ma Jiarui , Al-Jabiri Mohamad H. , Insausti Aran , Xu Yunjie
Published: June 2024

The conformational dynamics of 1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol⋯water2 was explored with rotational spectroscopy and extensive theoretical modelling which reveal the interplay of several large amplitude motions including water tunnelling.
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on the health effects of chocolate enriched/fortified/supplemented with functional components
Authors: Frumuzachi Oleg , Babotă Mihai , Tanase Corneliu , Mocan Andrei
Published: June 2024

Bioactive enriched/fortified/supplemented chocolate.
Molding three-dimensional azopolymer microstructures with holographically structured light
Authors: Januariyasa I Komang , Reda Francesco , Borbone Fabio , Salvatore Marcella , Oscurato Stefano L.
Published: June 2024

Microstructures with diverse and individualized morphologies are achieved by computer generated holography to reconfigure azopolymer micropillars in three dimensions.
Enhanced antibacterial activity of a novel silver-based metal organic framework towards multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia
Authors: Hassan Payam B. , Mohammed Ameen Sameera Sh. , Mohammed Lana , Muhammed Ameen Sirwan M. , Omer Khalid M.
Published: June 2024

The growth and spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial species, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, pose a serious threat to human health and require the development of innovative antibacterial agents.
Ti3C2Tx-AuNP based paper substrates for label-free SERS detection of bacteria and multimodal antibacterials
Authors: Shi Boya , Jiang Li , Ma Ruikai , Zhao Weidan , Zheng Yekai , Pan Wangwei , Liu Mi , Jin Shangzhong , Zhou Yan
Published: June 2024

A multifunctional paper substrate for label-free, sensitive detection of bacteria and multi-therapeutic antibacterial for contact sterilization and photothermal and photodynamic therapies.
Real-time structural dynamics of the ultrafast solvation process around photo-excited aqueous halides
Authors: Markmann Verena , Pan Jaysree , Hansen Bianca L. , Haubro Morten L. , Nimmrich Amke , Lenzen Philipp , Levantino Matteo , Katayama Tetsuo , Adachi Shin-ichi , Gorski-Bilke Simone , Temps Friedrich , Dohn Asmus O. , Møller Klaus B. , Nielsen Martin M. , Haldrup Kristoffer
Published: June 2024

Time-resolved X-ray solution scattering with a 1-photon and 2-photon pump qualitatively confirms the ∼0.5 Å increase in the nearest-neighbour halide–oxygen distances of iodide and bromide solvated in water.
Mild ketyl radical generation and coupling with alkynes enabled by Cr catalysis: stereoselective access to E-exocyclic allyl alcohols
Authors: Luo Zheng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Zaiyang , Luo Meiming , Zeng Xiaoming
Published: June 2024

The mild generation of ketyl radicals and coupling with alkynes are enabled by cost-effective chromium catalysis. It provides a valuable strategy to form E-exocyclic allyl alcohols with high stereoselectivity and good functional group tolerance.
Lessons from natural molecular glue degraders
Authors: Cao Shiyun
Published: June 2024

Molecular glue (MG) degraders include plant hormones and therapeutic drugs and have become a hot topic in drug discovery. Unlike bivalent proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), monovalent MGs can trigger the degradation of non-ligandable proteins by enhancing their interaction with E3 ubiquitin ligases. Here, I analyze the characteristics of natural MG degraders, contrast them with synthetic ones, and provide a rationale for optimizing MGs. In natural MG-based degradation systems, a stable complex is only formed when all three partners (MG, E3 ligase, and substrate) are present, while the affinities between any two components are either weak or undetectable. After the substrate is degraded, the MG will dissociate from its receptor (E3 ligase) due to their low micromolar affinity. In contrast, synthetic MGs, such as immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and CR8, are potent inhibitors of their receptors by blocking the CRBN-native substrate interaction or by occupying the active site of CDK12. Inspired by nature, the affinities of IMiDs to CRBN can be reduced to make those compounds degraders without the E3-inhibitory activity, therefore, minimizing the interference with the physiological substrates of CRBN. Similarly, the CR8–CDK interaction can be weakened to uncouple the degrader function from the kinase inhibition. To mimic natural examples and reduce side effects, future development of MG degraders that lack the inhibitory activity should be considered.
CryoEM grid preparation: a closer look at advancements and impact of preparation mode and new approaches
Authors: Hirst Isobel J. , Thomas William J.R. , Davies Rhiannon A. , Muench Stephen P.
Published: June 2024

Sample preparation can present a significant hurdle within single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM), resulting in issues with reproducibility, data quality or an inability to visualise the sample. There are several factors which can influence this, including sample or buffer composition, grid type, route of sample preparation and interactions with the air–water interface (AWI). Here, we review some of the current routes for sample preparation and the associated challenges. We discuss a range of approaches for overcoming these challenges, such as minimising the grid preparation time, surfactants, grid type and biochemical approaches such as nanomagnetic beads. Finally, we discuss how a set of commercially available protein samples may serve as a benchmark suite for future technologies. This provides a route to compare techniques’ abilities not just to generate high-resolution structures but also to overcome the challenges traditionally associated with cryoEM. As the field continues to produce new approaches to sample preparation and we start to better understand the underlying principles behind the behaviour of proteins within a thin film and in response to different environments, especially grid composition, it is hoped that more universal solutions can be provided that make the intractable systems tractable, improve resolution and, importantly, speed up data collection and reduce the currently required dataset sizes.
Role of Yme1 in mitochondrial protein homeostasis: from regulation of protein import, OXPHOS function to lipid synthesis and mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Kan Kwan Ting , Wilcock Joel , Lu Hui
Published: June 2024

Mitochondria are essential organelles of eukaryotic cells and thus mitochondrial proteome is under constant quality control and remodelling. Yme1 is a multi-functional protein and subunit of the homo-hexametric complex i-AAA proteinase. Yme1 plays vital roles in the regulation of mitochondrial protein homeostasis and mitochondrial plasticity, ranging from substrate degradation to the regulation of protein functions involved in mitochondrial protein biosynthesis, energy production, mitochondrial dynamics, and lipid biosynthesis and signalling. In this mini review, we focus on discussing the current understanding of the roles of Yme1 in mitochondrial protein import via TIM22 and TIM23 pathways, oxidative phosphorylation complex function, as well as mitochondrial lipid biosynthesis and signalling, as well as a brief discussion of the role of Yme1 in modulating mitochondrial dynamics.
Dynamic restoration electricity price optimization method to enhance the resilience of distribution networks with multiple‐microgrids
Authors: Wang Hongkun , Gao Yujie , Zhang Hong , Yan Dongmei , Li Hongwei
Published: June 2024

Resilience is one of the main features of smart distribution networks, and a microgrid (MG) access to the distribution network provides an effective way to improve resilience. MG and distribution network belong to different interests, so it is necessary that MGs and flexible resources are actively guided through price leverage. In this way, MGs take part in the post‐disaster restoration and enhance its resilience. Firstly, this paper proposes a dynamic restoration electricity price response mechanism after extreme disasters and constructs a power response model for loads and electric vehicles within the MGs. Secondly, the optimal scheduling model of the distribution network with multiple‐microgrids (MMG) is proposed to improve the restoration rate of critical loads (RRCL). Single microgrid achieves the largest microgrid revenue and restoration contribution, and MMG uses the power headroom index to optimize the dynamic restoration electricity price to achieve the smallest power purchase cost of distribution network. Finally, the optimal scheduling method for resilience enhancement of distribution networks with MMG considering dynamic restoration electricity price response mechanism is validated by dual microgrid access to an IEEE 33‐node distribution system. The simulation results show that the proposed optimization method effectively improves the RRCL of distribution network.
Cognitive dual coprime frequency diverse array MIMO radar network for target discrimination and main‐lobe interference mitigation
Authors: Khan Umair Hafeez , Basit Abdul , Khan Wasim , Khan Jadoon Muhammad Adeel , Baig Nauman Anwar
Published: June 2024

The authors propose a novel dual coprime frequency diverse array (FDA) multiple input multiple output (DCFDA‐MIMO) radar network design, empowered by cognitive capabilities, aimed at target discrimination and mitigation of interference present in the standalone radar systems. That is, the proposed DCFDA‐MIMO design capitalises on the complementary advantages of FDAs for target discrimination and coprime arrays for enhanced resolution, resulting in superior performance. Additionally, the proposed DCFDA‐MIMO network employs a 2D multiple signal classification algorithm to achieve high‐resolution target localisation. By incorporating cognitive techniques based on the action‐perception cycle, the proposed approach demonstrates notable improvements in multiple target detection and tracking accuracy with fewer number of antenna elements as compared to existing techniques. Furthermore, it enhances individual radar beamforming performance for interference suppression and true target detection without prior information.
Dossier : « La recherche au défi de la crise des temporalités » : Anticipation, prudence, remémoration. Trois attitudes temporelles dans le champ de la conservation en contexte de changements climatiques
Authors: Fauché Marine
Published: June 2024

Les modifications climatiques questionnent le sens et les modalités de la conservation de la biodiversité. À partir d’un matériau combinant entretiens avec des écologues, botanistes et gestionnaires d’espaces protégés de la région méditerranéenne française, et analyse de la littérature scientifique contemporaine en sciences de la conservation, cet article élabore trois attitudes temporelles, entendues comme manières de considérer les modifications climatiques en cours, et de privilégier une forme de temporalité soutenant l’action, dans le champ de la conservation, en explicitant pour chacune leurs positions épistémologiques et éthiques. Tandis que l’attitude d’anticipation prévoit les changements pour un horizon donné et agit en fonction des conséquences prévues, celle de prudence privilégie une temporalité itérative, d’ajustements perpétuels, alors que l’attitude de remémoration envisage les bouleversements contemporains par référence aux crises climatiques anciennes.
Der Nationale Kompetenzbasierte Lernzielkatalog 2.0 für das Fach
„Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin, Naturheilverfahren“. Konsentierte
Ergebnisse beteiligter Fachgesellschaften der AWMF
Authors: Mau Wilfried , Bethge Matthias , Liebl Max Emanuel
Published: June 2024

Hintergrund Im Rahmen der Weiterentwicklung des Nationalen
Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs (NKLM) zur Version 2.0 erfolgte auch eine
Überarbeitung der Lernziele im bisherigen Querschnittsfach „Rehabilitation,
Physikalische Medizin, Naturheilverfahren“. Da der NKLM grundsätzlich
fächerübergreifend angelegt ist, von verschiedenen Seiten aber eine
Fächerzuordnung notwendig schien, initiierten die Arbeitsgemeinschaft
wissenschaftlich-medizinischer Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) und der Medizinische
Fakultätentag einen Fächerzuordnungsprozess. Der Zuordnungsprozess für das Fach
„Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin, Naturheilverfahren“ (PRM-NHV; laut
Fächerliste des ersten Referentenentwurfes der geplanten Approbationsordnung aus
dem Jahr 2020) wird in dieser Arbeit dargestellt.

Materialien und Methoden Die AWMF lud ihre Mitgliedsgesellschaften ein,
sich an der Zuordnung von Lernzielen der Kapitel VI, VII und VIII des NKLM 2.0
zu den einzelnen Fächern zu beteiligen, zu denen sie nach eigener Einschätzung
einen Beitrag in der Lehre leisten. Für „PRM-NHV“ beteiligten sich
Vertreter*innen der DGRW, DGPRM, DGOU sowie der DGNHK. In einem strukturierten
Konsensprozess nach der DELPHI-Methodik erfolgten Auswahl und Konsentierung der
Lernziele. Anschließend erfolgte durch die AWMF eine Fächerempfehlung.

Ergebnisse Aus dem NKLM 2.0 wurden insgesamt 100 kompetenzbasierte
Lernziele der Kapitel VII und VIII für das Fach „PRM-NHV“ von den
Vertreter*innen der beteiligten Fachgesellschaften zur Darstellung auf der NKLM
2.0-Online-Plattform konsentiert.

Schlussfolgerungen Im Rahmen des grundlegend geplanten Reformprozesses des
Medizinstudiums und unter dem Dach der AWMF und des Medizinischen Fakultätentags
gelang die breite Konsentierung von Lernzielen des NKLM 2.0 für die
kompetenzbasierte Lehre im Fach „PRM-NHV“ durch die beteiligten
Fachgesellschaften. Damit wird eine für alle medizinischen Fakultäten wichtige
Orientierung sowohl für die Weiterentwicklung der Lehre im Querschnittsbereich
„Rehabilitation, Physikalische Medizin, Naturheilverfahren“ gemäß der seit
zwanzig Jahren gültigen 9. Revision der ÄApprO als auch für die Vorbereitung der
entsprechenden Fächer im Referentenentwurf der neuen ÄApprO gegeben.
Die Probleme der Hilfsmittelversorgung in der GKV und die Lösungen
des SGB IX
Authors: Dittmann René , Fuchs Harry
Published: June 2024

Die Versorgung mit Hilfsmitteln ist für die Teilhabe von Menschen mit
Behinderungen essenziell, führt allerdings regelmäßig zu Streitigkeiten –
insbesondere zwischen den Krankenkassen und ihren Versicherten. Die vielfältigen
Gründe dafür wurden zuletzt im Zusammenhang mit der Versorgung von Kindern und
Jugendlichen zusammengetragen. Welche Lösungen hierbei die Regelungen des SGB IX
liefern können, ist Gegenstand dieses Beitrags.
Zugangshürden zu psychosozialen Versorgungsangeboten Leipziger
Bürger*innen afghanischer und irakischer Staatsangehörigkeit
Authors: Koch Klara , Nesterko Yuriy , Schönenberg Kim Hella , Glaesmer Heide
Published: June 2024

Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war das Inanspruchnahmeverhalten von
Versorgungsangeboten im Bereich psychischer Gesundheit in Leipzig durch
Iraker*innen und Afghan*innen bei Vorliegen psychischer Belastungen zu
untersuchen und vor allem Zugangshürden in der Versorgung zu identifizieren.

Methodik Alle volljährigen, in Leipzig lebenden Personen mit irakischer
oder afghanischer Staatsangehörigkeit, die nicht in Deutschland geboren waren,
wurden kontaktiert. Es wurden verschiedene Instrumente (PHQ-9, GAD-7, SSS-8,
PCL-5/LEC-5) zur objektiven Erfassung psychischer Belastungen und ein Item zur
Erfassung subjektiver psychischer Belastung genutzt. Lag ein Behandlungsbedarf
vor, wurde die Inanspruchnahme von psychosozialen Versorgungsangeboten erfragt.
Wenn trotz des nachgewiesenen Bedarfs Hilfsangebote nicht in Anspruch genommen
worden waren, wurden mögliche Hürden erfragt.

Ergebnisse 51.4% der befragten Personen zeigten subjektiven und objektiven
Behandlungsbedarf, 38.2% dieser Personen mit Behandlungsbedarf nahmen keine
Hilfe in Anspruch. Häufige Gründe dafür waren, das Problem allein lösen zu
wollen oder das Problem nicht als sehr störend zu empfinden. Außerdem wurden
mangelndes Vertrauen in das Gesundheitssystem, sowie Angst vor Diskriminierung
und Stigmatisierung als Hürden benannt.

Diskussion Die Studie zeigt einen hohen Behandlungsbedarf in den
untersuchten Gruppen. Dies könnte auf die hohe Anzahl an traumatischen
Ereignissen, sowie Postmigrationsstressoren zurückzuführen sein. Mehr als die
Hälfte der Personen haben Hilfsangebote in Anspruch genommen. Eine längere
Aufenthaltsdauer in Deutschland und der durch die Krankenversicherungskarte
vereinfachte Zugang zum öffentlichen Gesundheitssystem könnten die
Inanspruchnahme gefördert haben. Hürden wie mangelndes Wissen und Vertrauen in
Bezug auf das deutsche Gesundheitssystem oder Angst vor Stigmatisierung und
Diskriminierung erschweren den Zugang zu Versorgung.

Schlussfolgerung Es sollten mehr Informationen über Versorgungsstrukturen
verbreitet, sowie mehr niedrigschwellige Angebote implementiert werden. Diese
sollten interdisziplinär organisiert sein und den Fokus auf eine kultur- und
rassismussensible Betreuung legen. Sie dürfen vor allem im Hinblick auf den
hohen Bedarf an psychosozialer Hilfe keinesfalls weiter beschränkt werden.
RhI-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions of 1,7-Enynes To Access Cage-Like Tricyclo[3.2.2.06,8]nonenes
Authors: Fan Jin-Bao , Shi Liyang , Deng Xu , Wang Qing , Zeng Yan , Cao Wei , Zeng Guangyao , Zhou Yingjun
Published: June 2024

Cage-like polycycles represent a class of structurally unique and biologically promising molecules, however, efficient approaches for their synthesis are rare. Herein, we disclose RhI-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions of 1,7-enynes containing a chelating group at the alkyne terminus, which afford unprecedented cage-like tricyclo[3.2.2.06,8]nonenes via a 7-endo-dig cyclization. This work not only provides a straightforward approach to these novel cage-like tricycles, but also unveils the under-explored π-acidic reactivity of the RhI catalyst aided by secondary chelation.
Early Clinical and Economic Outcomes for the VELYS Robotic-Assisted Solution Compared with Manual Instrumentation for Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Huang Philip , Cross Michael , Gupta Anshu , Intwala Dhara , Ruppenkamp Jill , Hoeffel Daniel
Published: June 2024

Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been developed to improve functional outcomes after TKA by increasing surgical precision of bone cuts and soft tissue balancing, thereby reducing outliers. The DePuy Synthes VELYS robotic-assisted solution (VRAS) is one of the latest entrants in the robotic TKA market. Currently, there is limited evidence investigating early patient and economic outcomes associated with the use of VRAS. The Premier Healthcare Database was analyzed to identify patients undergoing manual TKA with any implant system compared with a cohort of robotic-assisted TKAs using VRAS between September 1, 2021 and February 28, 2023. The primary outcome was all-cause and knee-related all-setting revisits within 90-day post-TKA. Secondary outcomes included number of inpatient revisits (readmission), operating room time, discharge status, and hospital costs. Baseline covariate differences between the two cohorts were balanced using fine stratification methodology and analyzed using generalized linear models. The cohorts included 866 VRAS and 128,643 manual TKAs that had 90-day follow-up data. The rates of both all-cause and knee-related all-setting follow-up visits (revisits) were significantly lower in the VRAS TKA cohort compared with the manual TKA cohort (13.86 vs. 17.19%; mean difference [MD]: −3.34 [95% confidence interval: −5.65 to −1.03] and 2.66 vs. 4.81%; MD: −2.15 [−3.23 to −1.08], respectively, p-value < 0.01) at 90-day follow-up. The incidence of knee-related inpatient readmission was also significantly lower (53%) for VRAS compared with manual TKA. There was no significant difference between total cost of care at 90-day follow-up between VRAS and manual TKA cases. On average, the operating room time was higher for VRAS compared with manual TKA (138 vs. 134 minutes). In addition, the discharge status and revision rates were similar between the cohorts. The use of VRAS for TKA is associated with lower follow-up visits and knee-related readmission rates in the first 90-day postoperatively. The total hospital cost was similar for both VRAS and manual TKA cohort while not accounting for the purchase of the robot.
Metal-Free Synthesis of Selanyl-Substituted Chromenones via Selanylation­/Cyclization of Alkynyl Aryl Ketones
Authors: Chen Yan-Yan , Xu Yan-Li , Gong Xi-Rui , Zhou Yi-Huan , Ren Mei-Lin
Published: June 2024

A variety of 2-substituted 3-selanyl-chromenones are readily prepared through a cascade selanylation/cyclization of alkynyl aryl ketones with sulfonoselenoates. This transformation is performed under metal-free conditions and does not require an additional oxidant. It also has the advantage of broad functional group tolerance and scalability.
Combined Direct and Indirect Revascularization for Adults with Moyamoya Disease: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Ayyad Ali , Al-Salihi Mohammed Maan , Ahmed Alaaeldin , Hajali Amro Al , Hammadi Firas , Horn Peter
Published: June 2024

Background Moyamoya vasculopathy is a rare neurological disease characterized by the progressive constriction of major intracranial vessels and secondary collateral formation. In the past decade, the popularity of combined bypass surgery has increased. They take advantage of the quick perfusion of direct bypass and collaterals ingrowth from indirect bypass.

Objective This study aimed to describe a single-center experience with surgical management of moyamoya disease (MMD) and moyamoya syndrome (MMS) over 7 years.

Materials and Methods In this retrospective medical records review, we enrolled patients diagnosed with MMD and MMS who were treated with combined surgical revascularization at the Hamad Medical Corporation center between 2015 and 2022. SPSS 26.0 was used to analyze the data.

Results A total of 20 patients were included, with 15% having MMS. The mean age was 37.4 ± 10.26 years, and 60% of them were males. The mean follow-up period was 13.6 months. The modified Rankin score was significantly decreased by 1.9 ± 2.1, p = 0.0001. Following surgery, no deficits were observed in 16 cases, whereas three were not improved, and one died. Following up on the stroke status, one patient developed a hemorrhagic stroke, and another showed right-side numbness. The postoperative status was substantially linked with the initial clinical presentation (p = 0.004).

Conclusion Combined direct and indirect surgical revascularization procedures have favorable outcomes in MMD and MMS patients. Additional rigorous, prospective, controlled, high-quality trials with large-sample are needed to support our results.
The global production pattern of the semiconductor industry: an empirical research based on trade network
Authors: Ou Suhua , Yang Qingshan , Liu Jian
Published: June 2024

Semiconductors are an important electronic component and play a central role in many industrial fields, whose production system is spread all over the world, involving trade in many raw materials, mechanical equipment, and finished products. Comprehending a broad global production picture of the semiconductor industry can be an arduous task. To tackle this complexity, the social network analysis method was used to capture the flows of products between economies in the semiconductor industrial chain. This study analyzed the evolution of the trade pattern of four key commodities in the semiconductor industrial chain, with a focus on identifying the status of major economies in the global semiconductor trade system. Additionally, the influencing factors of the formation of the trade networks were explored by using the Exponential Random Graph Model. The results showed that: (1) From 2001 to 2019, the import and export trade pattern of four key commodities in the semiconductor industrial chain has shown the characteristics of “rising in the east and decreasing in the west”, but the change range shows strong commodity heterogeneity, the change of the spatial pattern of integrated circuits trade is the most significant, and the integrated circuits trade proportion of Asian economies has increased hugely with more than 80%. (2) The trade connectivity of various commodities in the semiconductor industrial chain has increased, upstream support products with high technical requirements such as wafers and equipment have the lowest average degree and weak trade liquidity, and the average degree of trade network of packaging materials and integrated circuits is relatively high, with strong trade liquidity and closer and more prosperous trade connections. (3) From 2001 to 2019, the “core-periphery” system of global semiconductor industry trade has changed significantly, with the core circle undergoing obvious iterative reorganization. for example, China and Singapore have achieved status improvement to the core circle in the base materials trade network, while Malaysia has been squeezed into the semi-peripheral circle. (4) The formation of trade networks of various commodities in the semiconductor industrial chain was driven by three aspects: network self-organization, exogenous endowment attribute, and exogenous network embeddedness. Among them, the influence of the technological innovation level of economies on different commodity trade networks showed heterogeneous.
Exploring the potential of graphene fibers
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: June 2024

With rapidly improving properties, graphene fibers are becoming indispensable materials in a range of fields like the aerospace industry and biomedicine.
Weak magnetohydrodynamic turbulence theory revisited
Authors: Ziebell Luiz F. , Yoon Peter H. , Choe Gwangson
Published: June 2024

Two recent papers, P. H. Yoon and G. Choe, Phys. Plasmas 28, 082306 (2021) and Yoon et al., Phys. Plasmas 29, 112303 (2022), utilized in the derivation of the kinetic equation for the intensity of turbulent fluctuations the assumption that the wave spectra are isotropic, that is, the ensemble-averaged magnetic field tensorial fluctuation intensity is given by the isotropic diagonal form, ⟨δBiδBj⟩k=⟨δB2⟩kδij. However, it is more appropriate to describe the incompressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence involving shear Alfvénic waves by modeling the turbulence spectrum as being anisotropic. That is, the tensorial fluctuation intensity should be different in diagonal elements across and along the direction of the wave vector, ⟨δBiδBj⟩k=12 ⟨δB⊥2⟩k(δij−kikj/k2)+⟨δB∥2⟩k(kikj/k2). In the present paper, we thus reformulate the weak magnetohydrodynamic turbulence theory under the assumption of anisotropy and work out the form of nonlinear wave kinetic equation.
A novel mechanism for ramping bursts based on slow negative feedback in model respiratory neurons
Authors: John Sushmita R. , Phillips Ryan S. , Rubin Jonathan E.
Published: June 2024

Recordings from pre-Bötzinger complex neurons responsible for the inspiratory phase of the respiratory rhythm reveal a ramping burst pattern, starting around the time that the transition from expiration to inspiration begins, in which the spike rate gradually rises until a transition into a high-frequency burst occurs. The spike rate increase along the burst is accompanied by a gradual depolarization of the plateau potential that underlies the spikes. These effects may be functionally important for inducing the onset of inspiration and hence maintaining effective respiration; however, most mathematical models for inspiratory bursting do not capture this activity pattern. Here, we study how the modulation of spike height and afterhyperpolarization via the slow inactivation of an inward current can support various activity patterns including ramping bursts. We use dynamical systems methods designed for multiple timescale systems, such as bifurcation analysis based on timescale decomposition and averaging over fast oscillations, to generate an understanding of and predictions about the specific dynamic effects that lead to ramping bursts. We also analyze how transitions between ramping and other activity patterns may occur with parameter changes, which could be associated with experimental manipulations, environmental conditions, and/or development.
A low-energy MHz repetition rate short-pulse electron gun
Authors: Murray Andrew James , Rogers Joshua
Published: June 2024

An electron gun that can produce MHz repetition rates and nanosecond pulses is described. The gun uses a Pierce grid in combination with an anode to extract electrons from a tungsten filament cathode. The electrons emerging from the anode are accelerated and focused using two triple-aperture lenses to form a beam. By applying a high slew rate grid pulse that transitions through the extraction voltage region of the grid/anode combination, pulses of electrons are produced from the gun that have temporal widths less than 5 ns. The pulsed beams are produced at both the rising and falling edges of the driving pulse. The characteristics of the emerging electron beams have been determined using an (e, 2e) coincidence spectrometer, and examples where they are used for time of flight decay measurements are presented.