bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability and factor analysis of morphological and productive characteristics of species of the genus Amaranthus
Authors: Vujacic Vesna
Published: July 2008

Ten genotypes of amaranth were being studied for three years. Morphological and productive characteristics - plant height, foliage per plant, average foliage length, average foliage width, mass per plant, and seed mass per plant were the subject of this research. Variability of these traits was analyzed and classification of the genotypes by the method of major components was conducted. Variability within a specific trait was significant. In case of the plant height it ranged between 93.18 cm (genotype 9 - A. cruentus) and 160.78 cm (genotype 1 - A mantegazzianus); foliage per plant raged between 12.89 (genotype 10 - A cruentus) and 23.46 (genotype I - A mantegazzianus); average foliage length varied from 14.77 cm (genotype 9 - A cruentus) to 26.72 cm (genotype 1 - A mantegazzianus); average foliage width ranged between 6.30 cm (genotype 9 - A cruentus) and 14.46 cm (genotype 1 - A mantegazzianus); foliage mass per plant ranged between 94.05 g (genotype 3 - A molleros) and 246.81 g (genotype 1 - A mantegazzianus). Seed mass per plant varied from 45.56 g (genotype 3 - A molleros) to 67.55 g (genotype I - A mantegazzianus). The major components method, i.e. factor analysis indicated that the characteristics such as: plant height, average foliage length and average foliage width, had a significant factor loading with the first factor. These traits are of a crucial importance for genotype variability. Foliage number and foliage mass were significantly correlated with the second factor, meaning that they were of a minor importance for the genotype variability. Such results offer guidance with respect to the plant modeling, i.e. indicate how to proceed with the breeding program of this species.
Chromosome changes in cattle on the farms in Serbia
Authors: Kosarcic Slavica , Kovacs A. , Kosarcic D. , Suvajdzic Ljiljana , Kovacevic Mira , Kapetanov M. , Milanov Dubravka , Zivkov-Balos Milica
Published: July 2008

In the paper we presented five-year investigations of numeric and structural changes in cattle karyotype on five farms and two centers for reproduction in Serbia. There were 371 breeding animals (215 male and 156 female), out of which 267 Holstein Friesian breed (193 male and 74 female), 62 Simmental (17 male and 45 female) and 42 Grey Steppe breed (5 male and 37 female). Cultivating of lymphocytes and karyotype analyses, according to the international standards for karyotypization of domestic animals, were applied. The aim of the investigation was to test genetic material on chromosome level of animals introduced into reproduction. The following changes were discovered in the karyotype: 6 animals of Holstein-Friesian breed were with chimeras 2n=60XX/XY and there was one Robertson's translocation in Simmental breed. Structural changes as breakage and a ring were discovered in two animals of Holstein-Friesian and Simmental breed raised in the area of bombing in Serbia. The animals of Grey Steppe breed had normal karyotype. There is a total of 9 animals with changes (2.42%), while 362 were with normal karyotype, total 97.57%. According to the results, it may be concluded that cytogenetical attestation of the breeding animals will have to be continued for the purpose of protecting the genofond on cattle farms.
Pomological and technological characteristics of collected selections of cherry plum Prunus cerasifera Erhr.
Authors: Miletic Rade , Zikic Mihajlo , Mitic Nevena , Nikolic Radomirka
Published: July 2008

A plantation collection containing 32 genotypes selected from spontaneous populations of cherry plum Prunus cerasifera Erhr. was set up in the region of the Eastern Serbian town of Svrljig. The fruit trees budded from Prunus cerasifera seedlings and were planted at 5x4 m spacing on a mild slope of south-western aspect. This study shows the most important characteristics of the 19 selections in the collection, and the average results recorded in the 2000-2003 period. The most significant characteristics of the trees, their productivity, and fruit and stone characteristics are presented. The average coarseness of fruits, i.e. their length, width and thickness, measured 25.0x 24.4x25.0 mm, while stone coarseness was 14.4x10.3x3.6 mm. The average fruit weight was 12.1 g (24.3-4.8 g), and stone weight 0.85 g (2.2-0.3 g). Depending on fruit and stone weight, the mesocarp content was 93% (96.3-90.3%). Taking into consideration the possibility of fruit exploitation for the production of biologically high-quality food, the mesocarp chemical composition was thoroughly examined. The fruits were found to have increased contents of total acids, achieving an average of 3.09% (3.44-2.60%), which was the initial objective of this selection. Total solids content was 13.5% (16.2-10.3%), total soluble solids 12.5% (14.5-9.5%) and total sugars 6.00% (11.45-3.14%). Considering these characteristics, the selections that were singled out deserve more attention in terms of preserving their biodiversity, forming a gene bank and commercial cultivation.
Combining abilities of inheriting first pod height of some French bean lines -Phaseolus vulgaris L.-
Authors: Zdravkovic Milan , Zdravkovic Jasmina , Stankovic Ljiljana , Pavlovic Nenad
Published: July 2008

First pod height is an important trait, especially for snap bean since it enables the mechanical harvesting. Cultivars with low first pod height may be cut, damaged or not harvested by mechanical harvesting. In our investigation six different snap bean genotypes were used for examination of the first pod height and diallel analysis. The result was obtained by using method 2 model 1 GRIFFING (1956) for analysis of combining abilities. The mode of inheritance was different, as the results showed - from intermediate to super dominance, for both generations (F1 and F2). Analysis of combining abilities showed both influence of additive and dominant gene effects. Combination Sumadinka x Zora is suitable for further breeding for first pod height.
The effect of a high selection intensity on the change of maize yield components' additive variance
Authors: Deletic Nebojsa , Stojkovic Slavisa , Djuric Vladan , Gudzic Slavisa , Biberdzic Milan
Published: July 2008

A set of 31 SSD lines from ZP-Syn-1 Co and 37 from ZP-Syn-1 C3 maize population was studied in this paper. After line selection and seed multiplication in 2000, the trials were carried out in 2001-2002. at Krusevac and Zemun Polje, in RCB design. After three cycles of recurrent selection we observed a significant decrease of homozygous progenies' means of root and stalk lodged plants percent, plant and ear height, but also of row number per ear. The means of grain number per ear and 1000 grain mass were increased, and the differences in ear length and grain yield were not significant. After three cycles, a significant narrowing of additive variance happened for root and stalk lodged plant percent, ear length, and row number per ear, but this narrowing was not significant for the other traits. We also found significant values of narrow-sense heretability.
Analysis of natural isolates of Lactobacilli resistant to bacteriocin nisin
Authors: Strahinic Ivana , Begovic Jelena , Fira Djordje , Ostojic Mihailo , Topisirovic Ljubisa
Published: July 2008

The collection of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was made by isolation of microorganisms from fermented products traditionally manufactured in different geographical regions (high mountains, river valleys, seaside, etc). Among collected LAB, 51 isolates were identified as Lactobacillus sp. Results showed that all isolated lactobacilli were mesophilic strains, since they grew at 15?C and 30?C but not at 45?C. Testing the ability of isolated lactobacilli to grow in the presence of nisin revealed that Lactobacillus sp. isolates designed BGCGK4, BGHN40, BGBUK2-8, BGBUK2-7 and BGBUK2-16 were resistant to nisin. Determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for nisin revealed that the most resistant isolate was Lactobacillus sp. BGCGK4. Isolate BGBUK2-16, determined as Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, produces bacteriocin, named Bac217 and showed a resistance to 8000 IU/ml of nisin. Plasmid curing of BGBUK2-16 resulted in derivatives BGBUK2-16/K2 and BGBUK2-16/K4. Derivative BGBUK2-16/K2 retained resistance to Bac217 and nisin, but lost the ability to synthesise Bac217. Derivative BGBUK2-16/K4 lost concomitantly the resistance to both Bac217 and nisin.
A novel parameter in comet assay measurements
Authors: Kirilova Milena , Ivanov Rumen , Miloshev George
Published: July 2008

Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) or Comet assay is a very sensitive method for assessing damages in DNA on a single cell level. It has found many applications in fields where genotoxic activity could be an issue. In environmental monitoring, health care, food industry Comet assay is used with increasing popularity. For verifying the results obtained by this method many parameters could be monitored. To that end several software packages exist. In the conditions that we are suggesting one more parameter could be measured - comet shape. We argue that this parameter could be an advantage of the Comet Assay when the way of DNA damaging needs to be predicted.
Pomological characteristics of superior selections of European filbert -C. avellana L.- and Turkish hazel -C. colurna L.-
Authors: Miletic Rade , Zikic Mihajlo , Mitic Nevena , Nikolic Radomirka
Published: July 2008

Eight selections of European filbert and Turkish hazel each were singled out for their prominent characteristics in an examination in Eastern Serbia over the 1998-2003 period. Coarseness, form and weight of nuts and kernels, as well as kernel chemical content, were analysed. Yielding potential was investigated as a proportion of nuts in filbert and hazel inflorescences. Average nut coarseness of the C. avellana L. selections was 18.0x14.7x12.6 mm, and of C. colurnaL. 16.3xl4.0x 11.0 mm, while average kernel coarseness was 13.3x9.1x7.6 mm and 13.9x 9.7x 6.5 mm, respectively. Nut weight of the former was 1.01-1.80 g, and of the latter 1.00-1.75 g, while kernel weight ranged 0.30-0.79 g, and 0.31-0.65 g, respectively. The respective kernel contents were 27.9-46.2%, and 30.7-40.8 %. The occurrence of shriveled nuts was minimal, appearing in six selections of C. avellana (0.8-3.1%), and five selections of C. colurna (1.4-5.7%). The pest Balaninus nucum was observed in only three selections of C. colurna L., ranging from 1.0 to 1.6 %. Oil content in the nuts of the selected C. avellana L. trees was 44.6-49.9 %, and 48.6-54.4 % in those of C. colurna L. Crude proteins amounted to 12.3-10.8 % and 11.7-10.4 %, and mineral matter content to 2.8-2.4% and 2.6-2.0 %, respectively. The selections of European filbert were found to have 4-6 nuts to an inflorescence. Predominating were two (29.4 %), one (26.7 %) and three (24.5 %) nuts to a single inflorescence. C. colurna L. inflorescences were found to contain 8-13 nuts. Most inflorescences had five (26.6 %), four (21.5 %) and six nuts (20.3 %). Selections 1, 5, 6 and 3 of C. avel-lana were found to be especially outstanding regarding most parameters, as well as selections 7, 3, 2 and 8 of C. colurna L.
Inheritance of some morphological traits in hybridization of grapevine cultivars Drenak crveni and Afuz-ali
Authors: Beslic Zoran , Todic Slavica , Rakonjac Vera
Published: July 2008

The variability and mode of inheritance of young shoot tip, leaf, grape and berry morphological characteristics were investigated in F1 generation obtained by crossing of Drenak crveni and Afuz-ali. Based on seedlings description, considering investigated characteristics, grouping was done by applying O.I.V. method. The conclusions about inheritance of characteristics were obtained based on results of Hi2 test. The consider able variability was expressed in hybrid population. For properties of leaf characteristics (largeness, shape, dividity, and incisions), exception from typical monogenic ratio was determined. The monohybrid inheritance was determined in density of leaf hairs and downs. The monohybrid mode of inheritance was not confirmed in grape characteristics (largeness, compactness and stem length) and berry characteristics (largeness, shape and taste), while skin color is monogenic property.
Assessment of components of genetic variance of mass 1000 seeds in sunflower -Heuanthus annuus L.-
Authors: Marinkovic Radovan , Marjanovic-Jeromela Ana
Published: July 2008

Ten F1 hybrids obtained by crossing five sunflower inbred lines were used to analyze the impact of genes with additive and dominant effects and their interactions on the inheritance of mass 1000 seeds. The linkage among the expected progeny means was tested using the scaling tests method (Mather, 1949), while the estimates of gene effects and mode of inheritance were made by generation mean analysis (Mather and Jinks, 1982). The additive-dominant model was not proved adequate for all crosses in both years of study. It was adequate in crosses C1, C2, C3 and C5 in the first year and in crosses C3, C8, C9 and C10 in the second year of study. Besides the main gene effects (additive and dominant), epistatic gene effects were also of large importance in the inheritance of this trait. Duplicate epistasis between dominant decreasers was found in C1, C4, C5, C6 and C8 in the first year and in crosses C4, C9 and C10 in the second year of study. Complementary epistasis between dominant decreasers was found in cross C10 in the first year and duplicate epistasis between dominant increasers in cross C5 in the second year of study.
In vitro assessment of wheat tolerance to drought
Authors: Galovic Vladislava , Kotaranin Zorana , Dencic Srbislav
Published: July 2008

Analyzed in this paper were the in vitro effects of drought stress in 13 genotypes of winter wheat, one genotype of spring wheat, and three Triticale genotypes of different geographic origin. Callus tissue was induced from immature zygotic embryos (10-15 days after pollination) on a modified MS nutrient medium. After two weeks, callus tissue was transplanted onto the same medium enriched with 5% high-molecular polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), which was used as the stress agent to produce the effect of drought chemically. A control group of calluses was grown on an identical medium but without PEG. After four weeks of growing calluses on these mediums, we assessed callus mass survival ability of the genotypes before the transplantation as well as percentage reduction of callus fresh weight after the transplantation onto the nutrient medium with 5% PEG. Statistically significant differences were found among the genotypes in their response to the induced stress. The best survival ability before the transplantation was found in the genotype Mexicol20 (83%), while the lowest was recorded in Slavija (11.3%). Culture growing under stress conditions significantly reduced callus fresh weight in all of the genotypes. The lowest decrease of the callus mass relative to control was recorded in Rozofskaja (14.4%) and the highest in Miranovska (58.4%), indicating the genotypes' tolerance levels towards drought stress.
The inheritance of plant height in winter wheat -Triticum aestivum L.-
Authors: Zecevic Veselinka , Knezevic Desimir , Micanovic Danica , Pavlovic Milanko , Urosevic Dusan
Published: July 2008

Four winter wheat varieties (Srbijanka, Partizanka, KG-56 and PKB-111) have been selected for diallel crossing in other to study the mode of inheritance, gene effect and genetic variance components for the plant height in F2 generation. Sixty plants of parents and F2 generation were used for analysis. The mode of inheritance was done on the basis of the significance of components of genetic variance and the regression analysis. The inheritance of plant height in the most crossing combinations was superdominance. The combining ability analysis was found to be highly significant, which means both additive and non-additive type of gene actions. The best general combining ability manifested KG-56 variety, and the best specific combining ability have shown hybrids KG-56 x PKB-111, Srbijanka x PKB-111 and Partizanka x KG-56. The genetic variance components, average degree of dominance and regression line indicated superdominance in the inheritance of plant height. The dominant alleles frequency was higher than recessive alleles frequency, which confirmed the ratio of dominant/recessive alleles.
Correlative relation of yield and fruit quality with some phenological phases in peach
Authors: Rakonjac Vera
Published: July 2008

Ripening time of peach cultivars that are grown up in our country is extended over a time period of almost four months. In addition to that, one of more important objectives of the peach breeding is creation of the cultivars having either very early or very late ripening time. Our so far experience is that the peach cultivars which ripening time is in the extremes is of lower fruit quality. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine relationship and the nature of the dependence between flowering time or ripening time from one side and yield, yield components (initial and final fruit set, fruit weight and stone weight) and chemical composition of fruit (content of total dry matter, content of soluble solids, content of total, invert and reduced sugar and content of total acid) on the other side. Twenty peach cultivars each having a different ripening time were using as material. The relationship between characteristics was determined on the basis of values of genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients. Genetic and phenotypic coefficients of correlation were calculated based on the results of monofactorial analysis of covariance where the years considered as replications. It was confirmed that flowering time was positive genetic and phenotypic correlated with initial fruit set and with final fruit set. The existence of significant genetic and phenotypic correlation between ripening time and fruit weight, between ripening time and dry matter content and between ripening time and soluble solid content represented difficulty in creation of new peach cultivars of early ripening time and improved fruit quality .
Determination of polymorphism of microsatellite primers in hexaploid wheat
Authors: Galovic Vladislava , Dencic Srbislav , Jelovac Drazen
Published: July 2008

The objective of this paper was to examine the functionality of two microsatellite primers as their polymorphism levels were determined for select Novi Sad wheat genotypes. Chosen as representatives of Gater-sleben wheat microsatellites (GWM) were two sets of microsatellite primers, GWM 165 and GWM539, which had been described according to RODER et al. (1998a; 1998b). Twenty five wheat genotypes from the World Collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad were used in the study. Genomic DNA was isolated from the plant materials using a modification of the PLASCHKE et al. (1995) method. PCR amplification of the desired fragments was carried out in a volume of 30 ul (Eppendorf thermocycler) according to RODER et al. (1998b). The PAGE conditions were implemented according to GALOV1C et al. (2004). The GWM539 set, with six different alleles, showed a higher level of polymorphism than GWM165, in which three different alleles were detected for the locus concerned.
Genetical polymorphism of acc synthase and ACC oxidase in Apple selections bred in Cacak
Authors: Maric Sladjana , Boskovic Radovan , Tesovic Zarko , Lukic Milan
Published: July 2008

The work on breeding new apple cultivars, of improved quality and longer storage life has been going on for a long time at the Fruit and Grape Research Centre in Cacak. As a result nine promising apple selections, that show the range of fruit storage capability (J/l/7, J/l/20, J/2/12, J/2/14, J/ll/31, J/54/53/59, J/60/7/63, Sumatovka 1 O.P. and Sumatovka 2 O.P.), were singled out. Fruit ripening is genetically programmed, complex physiological process with the important role of plant hormone ethylene. Allelic polymorphism of the genes encoding ACC synthase and ACC oxidase, enzymes on ethylene biosynthetic pathway, was studied in promising apple selections and compared to their storage life. Polymorphism was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR method) and restriction analysis with 6 restriction enzymes. Two alleles of the gene encoding ACC synthase (ACS1-1 and ACS1-2), three alleles of the ACC oxidase gene (a, b and n) were identified and a positive test for early seedling selection, the fruits of which will be characterized by long storage life, was indicated.
Genetic characterization of early maturing maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) obtained by protein and RAPD markers
Authors: Bauer Iva , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana , Filipovic Milomir , Konstantinov Kosana
Published: July 2008

Knowledge of maize germplasm genetic diversity is important for planning breeding programmes, germplasm conservation per se etc. Genetic variability of maize hybrids grown in the fields is also very important because genetic uniformity implies risks of genetic vulnerability to stress factors and can cause great losts in yield. Early maturing maize hybrids are characterized by shorter vegetation period and they are grown in areas with shorter vegetation season. Because of different climatic conditions in these areas lines and hybrids are developed with different features in respect to drought resistance and disease resistance. The objective of our study was to characterize set of early maturing maize hybrids with protein and RAPD markers and to compare this clasification with their pedigree information. RAPD markers gave significantly higher rate of polymorphism than protein markers. Better corelation was found among pedigree information and protein markers.
Heterosis for seed yield and yield components in sunflower
Authors: Hladni Nada , Skoric Dragan , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija
Published: July 2008

The development of new high-yielding and stable sunflower hybrids based on interspecific hybridization requires information on the heterotic effects for agronomically important traits in the F, generation. Heterotic effects for seed yield, plant height and head diameter were studied in interspecific sunflower hybrids developed by the line x tester method. The female inbred lines were developed by interspecific hybridization, while the male restorer inbreds with good combining abilities were used as testers in the form of fertility restorers. F, hybrids were obtained by crossing each tester with each female inbred. The inbred lines and their F, hybrids differed significantly in their mean values of the traits under study. Heterosis values for seed yield per plant were positive and highly significant relative to both the parental mean (98.4-274.1%) and the better parent (54.8-223.2%). Significantly less heterosis was recorded in the case of plant height relative to parental mean (19.0-66.0%) and better parent (-3.9-51.6%). With head diameter, the heterotic effect ranged from 19.0 to 55.6% (parental mean) and from 7.8 to 36.6% (better parent). The results of this study may be used for the development of new high-yielding and stable sunflower hybrids based on interspecific hybridization.
The analysis of gene effect in the inheritance of kernel number per spike in barley hybrid
Authors: Madic Milomirka , Paunovic Aleksandar , Djurovic Dragan , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija , Knezevic Desimir
Published: July 2008

In diallel crossing, excluding reciprocal ones, five divergent genotypes of barley (Vada, Djerdap, NS-293, Jagodinac and Sladoran) were included with the mode of inheritance and gene effect studied using the regression analysis of variance and co-variance for the number of kernels per spike. The absence of inter-allele interaction established using the regression analysis VrWr and WrW resulted from the use of the mode selected. In the inheritance of the number of kernels per spike, the regression pointed at dominant gene effect as well as at the unevenly distributed dominant and recessive genes in the genotypes selected. While Jagodinac, Vada and NS-293 had the highest number of dominant, Djerdap and Sladoran had the highest one of the recessive genes for the number of kernels per spike. Therefore, in the two-rowed genotypes, the higher number of dominant genes was, the higher number of kernels per spike was, and conversely, the higher number of the recessive genes was, the lower number of kernels per spike was.
Prognostic value of clinical, genetic and cytogenetic findings in neuroblastoma patients from Serbia and Montenegro
Authors: Guc-Scekic Marija , Djurisic Marina , Djokic Dragan , Vujic Dragana , Milovic Ivan , Djuricic Slavisa , Radivojevic Danijela , Lalic Tanja , Djuric Milena
Published: July 2008

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent childhood solid tumor. The aim of this study was to report on the prognostic significance of clinical parameters (age and stage), genetic (Ip deletion and N-myc amplification - NMA) and cytogenetic results in 47 NB patients diagnosed at the Mother and Child Health Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic". Clinical factors evaluated in this study were age and clinical stage. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was best (73%) in the age group children less than 1 year, compared with the older children (15%). Stage IV patients had worst outcome (13%) than 'non-stage IV patients (47%). Genetic factors analyzed in this series of NB patients were: Ip deletion and NMA. 5-year OS was: 65% in the Ip deletion negative group and 13% in the Ip36 deletion positive group; 58% in the NMA negative and 19% in NMA positive group. Cytogenetic results showed that normal karyotype, near-diploidy, near-tetraploidy and homogeneously staining regions (hsr) and double minute chromosomes (dms), together with age over 1 year and stage IV were a very poor prognostic factors.
Genetic analysis of inheritance and mutual relationships among yield components, morphological-biological traits and yield of green mass of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
Authors: Vasiljevic Sanja , Ivanovic Mile , Mihailovic Vojislav , Mikic Aleksandar , Katic Slobodan , Milic Dragan , Surlan-Momirovic Gordana , Zivanovic Tomislav
Published: July 2008

Diallel crosses involving five divergent red clover genotypes (two varieties Junior and Diana, and three populations, Vlaska, BL-3 and M-11) were made at the Experiment Field of the Forage Crops Department of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. During the 2001-2002 period, progenies obtained in the crosses were tested for stem length, stem thickness, length of central lamina, yield of green mass per plant, start of flowering persistence and growth habit. The analysis of phenotypic variance showed that the additive gene action played the dominant role in the inheritance of stem length, yield of green mass per plant and growth habit. Partial dominance was the most frequent mode of inheritance. A larger contribution of dominant variance to total genotypic variance and low values of narrow sense heritability (hn2) were obtained for stem thickness (16.67% and 23.07% respectively). In both study years (2001-2002), using path coefficient analysis, we observed significant direct effects of stem length on green mass yield per plant (9.09*, and 6.23*, respectively).
Diallel analysis for seed yield and its component traits in Cuphea procumbens
Authors: Singh S.P. , Singh Meenakshi , Yadav H.K.
Published: July 2008

The Cuphea procumbens Orteg. is an important annual plant source of medium chain fatty acids. The present study was conducted to estimate different gene systems involved in the inheritance of important quantitative traits viz. plant height, branches/plant, fruits/plant, seeds/fruit and seed yield/plant in F1 and F2 generations following 6 parents half diallel. Diallel assumptions were fulfilled for all the characters. Wr - Vr graph and component analysis revealed the major influence of over dominance for all the traits except branches/plant in F1. The arrays scattered all along the regression line below limiting parabola in two groups, Dominance and recessive and was confirmed by standardized deviation graph. The ranking on the basis of breeding value (Yr) of the parents and per se performance was closely associated (r=0.83**). On the basis of ranking, parents 'NBC-01', 'NBC-25' and 'NBC-30' were found most promising and possessed more dominant alleles for most of the characters. Considering the gene action involved, the breeding plan was discussed.
Multivariate analysis and clustering of Cuphea procumbens inbred lines
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Singh S.P.
Published: July 2008

15 C. procumbens inbred lines of different eco-geographical origin maintained at National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India were evaluated for seed yield and its 6 component traits to assess genetic divergence among them. The standardized mean values of different traits were subjected to principal component analysis and cluster analysis was performed based on two different clustering strategies i.e. UPGMA and Wards. Ward's method that showed relatively high cophenetic correlation coefficient and significant Wilk's Lambda was identified as the best clustering solution. The first four principal components (PC) with eigenvalues >1 contributed 91.56% of variability among the inbred. First PC was related with fruits/plant and branches/plant; second PC with yield/ plant, seeds/fruit and test weight third PC with plant height; and fourth PC with days to flowering. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters and cluster II was largest with 5 genotypes followed by clusters I, III and Clusters IV, V. Cluster IV exhibited highest mean for seed yield (14.77g) followed by cluster III (14.53g) and the former incorporated inbred lines, NBCP-53 and NBCP-58 that were highly divergent among themselves and from genotypes in other clusters. The inbred in cluster IV and cluster III with good amount of genetic divergence and superior agronomic traits were identified as promising inbred to develop superior recombinants with desirable agronomic traits.
Effect of multiple alleles on oxidative stability and germination of soybean seeds subsequent to the accelerated ageing test
Authors: Zilic Sladjana , Milivojevic Marija , Sobajic Sladjana , Maksimovic Milan
Published: July 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine changes of lipoxygenase activities, contents of antioxidants (tocopherol ?, ?-carotene and chlorophyll) fatty acids and soluble proteins, as well as, vigor in accelerated aged soybean seeds. The following soybean cultivars were used in the study: Williams 82, Goyou Kurakake and L93-7290. Subsequent to the accelerated ageing test (AAT), 23% of seeds of the cultivar Goyou Kurakake retained normal germination, while grain of the two remaining cultivars L93-7290 and Williams 82, completely lost germination ability. According to our results, the seeds of the cultivar Goyou Kurakake (the absence of lipoxygenases 2) is characterized by a significantly higher content of all observed antioxidants (tocopherol ? 2.7 mg 100g-1, ?-carotene 6.1 ?g g-1 chlorophyll 4.9 ?g g-1). The contents of (?-carotene and chlorophyll decreased after AAT in the seed of the cultivar Goyou Kurakake by 42.8% and 60.5%, respectively, while the content of tocopherol a remained the same. Furthermore, the tocopherol a content was not changed after AAT neither in the cultivar L93-7290 nor in the cultivar Williams 82. The content of ?-carotene after AAT remained the same in seeds of the cultivar Williams 82 while it decreased by 7.7% in the cultivar L93-7290. Since changes of the fatty acids content were not pronounced in the cultivar Goyou Kurakake after AAT it can be concluded that the antioxidative system had a crucial role in seeds protection against lipid peroxidation.
Components of variability and heritability of phenological phases in interspecies progenies of F1 generation in grapevine
Authors: Nikolic Dragan
Published: July 2008

In four interspecies crossing combinations of grapevine (Seedling 108 x Muscat Hamburg, Muscat Hamburg x Seedling 108, S.V. 18315 x Muscat Hamburg and Muscat Hamburg x S.V. 12375) during three years period, important phenological phases (bud burst, blooming time, veraison and ripening time) were examined. Based on results of analysis of variance, for all investigated characteristics, components of variability, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation and coefficient of heritability in a broader sense were calculated. Values of these parameters depended a lot on examined crossing combination. In majority of all investigated characteristics and almost for ail crossing combinations, genetic variability took the biggest part in total variability. Only for blooming time, in crossing combinations Seedling 108 x Muscat Hamburg and Muscat Hamburg x S.V. 12375, year variability participated the most in total variability. The lowest coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation were established for blooming time (4.01%; 4.86%), and the largest for veraison (36.43%; 38.81%). Considering examined crossing combination, coefficient of heritability was from 63.08% up to 70.76% for bud burst, from 60.61% up to 87.71% for blooming time, from 84.58% up to 88.14% for verasion and from 56.86% up to 89.29% for ripening time.
Application of molecular markers in bulk segragant analysis of yield in maize (Zea mays L) synthetic populations
Authors: Ignjatovic-Micic Dragana , Markovic Ksenija , Lazic-Jancic Vesna
Published: July 2008

Chromosome regions which carry potential QTLs for high grain yield in two synthetic maize populations - B73xMol7 and LlxMol7, were identified by bulk segregant analysis (BSA). Yield was evaluated on F2 testcross families in field trials using a Nested design. Based on yield data, p3 families with the corresponding highest and lowest testcross yields were selected for BSA. Genome analysis of F3 families was carried out with 58 RFLP markers. Allele frequency differences were detected at four RFLP loci n chromosomes 1, 2, 6 and 10 (B73xMol7), i.e. four RFLP loci on chromosomes 1, 2, 6 and 9 (LlxMo17). Only one region, at chromosome 6, was identified in both populations, but with two different RFLP markers. In B73xMol7 it was umc65 and in LlxMol7 umc2l RFLP marker. Bulk segregant analysis was shown to be a quick and informative method for identification of chromosome regions which determine high yield expression in maize, i.e. for identification of RFLP markers closely linked to potential genes involved in expression of the trait.
Molecular screening of domestic germplasm for allelic variants at the dwarfing gene Rht8 locus in wheat
Authors: Kobiljski Borislav , Dencic Srbislav , Pilipovic Jelena
Published: July 2008

In last 7 years, researches revealed the presence of 16 allelic variants at the Xgwm 261 locus with 165, 174, 180, 192, 194, 196, 197, 198, 200, 201 202, 204, 205, 207, 210 and 215 base pairs, while nearly 90% of the worldwide wheat germplasm carry one of the alleles with 165bp, 174bp or 192bp. The results of microsatellite screening of 269 wheat varieties and advanced lines from Serbia and Montenegro showed clear selection pressure for the three main fragments at Rht8 locus, but also trend to expand allelic variability in the locus (in the most recent varieties and advanced lines) avoiding "adaptive uniformity" of the elite germplasm. The presence of 192bp allele as diagnostic of Rht8 has been confirmed as quite common in wheat genotypes from Serbia and Montenegro, but not at the rate it has been determined in earlier researches. Out of 269 registered wheat varieties and advanced lines 73.6% carry 192bp allele, 14.9% are with 174bp allele, 7% carry 165 fragment and 4.56% novel fragments around 200bp in length. This research revealed that from the beginning of the 1990s wheat breeding objectives in Serbia and Montenegro were partially focused towards novel alleles (different from 192bp) at Xgwm261 locus. Recently registered varieties from Novi Sad have either the 192bp fragment (Cipovka, Simfonija, Balada, Arija, Rapsodija Helena, Diva, Vila, Astra), 174bp fragment (Sofija, Dragana, Italija Francuska, Oda) or fragments around 200bp (Sonata, Kantata, Jefimija). In addition, two very promising advanced lines (NS 260/02 and NS 2-4629/1) and some excellent advanced lines frequently used as parents in hybridization (NS 20/96, NS 23/94, NS 85/97 and L152/89) also carry allele around 200bp in size.
Variability of plant height and harvest index of various wheat genotypes cultivated on chernozem and solonetz
Authors: Kapor Zoran , Petrovic Sofija , Dimitrijevic Miodrag
Published: July 2008

Solonetz is a type of halomorphic soil which is present on 80 000 ha in Vojvodina. Field experiments were conducted during 1999/2000 vegetation periods, involving eleven wheat genotypes cultivated on solonetz, location Kumane, and on chernozem, location Rimski Sancevi. The variability of plant height and harvest index on different soil types was investigated, as well as the correlation between these two yield parameters. The goal of this research was to establish the significance of various genotypes and soil type effects on plant height and harvest index, as well as the reaction of genotypes regarding different amelioration rates on solonetz.
Correlations among yield components in durum wheat
Authors: Gorjanovic Biljana , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija
Published: July 2008

The main reason that makes breeding for the main yield components difficult is that they are in negative correlation with each other. Numerous researchers have studied relations between yield and different yield components in order to find dependable selection criteria. The goal of this paper is to estimate the variability and correlations between yield components. The experiment was conducted on twelve durum wheat genotypes. Plant height was in both years positively correlated with number of spikelets per spike and negatively correlated with spike length. grain weight per spike. number of grains per spike and harvest index. Spike length was positively correlated with grain weight per spike and number of grains per spike. in both years and with harvest index only in the first year. while it was negatively correlated with number of spikelets per spike in the first year. Number of spikelets was in negative correlations with grain weight per spike and number of grains per spike in the first year and with harvest index in both years of investigations. Grain weight per spike was positively correlated with number of grain per spike and harvest index in both years. Number of grains per spike was in positive correlation with harvest index in both years of investigations.
In vitro answer of Bulgarian pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Rodeva Velichka , Grozeva Stanislava , Todorova Velichka
Published: July 2008

Callusogenesis and regeneration ability of cotyledon and hypocotyl explants from three Bulgarian pepper varieties in MS basal medium supplemented with l-3mg/l BAP. l.0mg/1 IAA and 0.5mg/l GA3 was studied. In the different variants of culture medium was registered high level of callusogenesis and organogenesis in both type of explants from the all varieties. The highest percentage of plant-regenerants is established in cotyledon explants (from 3.3 to 18.3) in variant 3 of the culture medium containing 3mg/l BA. In the process of micropropagation by stem explants of the same studied pepper varieties the addition of the vitamins C. B12. Casein hydrolysate and Ferulic acid had a stimulation effect on the plant growth in height and rooting. In result of anther cultivation from three pepper varieties and four breeding lines the highest percentage of embryo structure formation was registered in varieties Albena and Strjama (12.0 and 13.8 respectively). The Bulgarian peppers are recalcitrant and their in vitro answer is different depending from the explants type, genotype and the culture media composition.
Variability of physiological and growth characteristics of white willow (Salix alba L.) clones
Authors: Orlovic Sasa , Pajevic Slobodanka , Klasnja Bojana , Galic Zoran , Markovic Miroslav
Published: July 2008

The samples from field experiment on five clones of white willow (Salix alba L.) in the adult phase, was investigated as follows: net photosynthesis and dark respiration, content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids), number and size of stornata and elements of growth (tree diameters and heights). The aim of the research is to determine if there are any relations between these physiological characters and the elements of growth, i.e. if any of them can be utilized in the early selection for growth vigor. The results show that all the characters are characterized by low coefficients of variation, statistically highly significant differences and high coefficients of heritability in a broad sense. As for the net of photosynthesis, the number of stornata on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the leaf are in high correlation with the elements of growth, which indicates that they can be used in the early selection for growth vigor.
Androgenous ability of heterozygous wheat genotypes and cytological characteristics of green regenerants
Authors: Ljevnaic Branka , Kondic-Sipka Ankica , Kobiljski Borislav , Dencic Srbislav
Published: July 2008

Androgenous and regeneration abilities of 8 heterozygous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were analyzed in anther culture. Cytological characteristics of green regenerants were also analyzed. Significant differences were found among the genotypes in their androgenous and regeneration abilities. The average androgenous capacity of all genotypes was 4.4% ranging from 0.7% (Prima/Hueguen) to 11.0% (NS173-98/NS164-98). The average callus yield was 8.7%. The genotype Banks/F53-70 produced the highest number of green plants (33 green plants), while the genotype Banks/Pobeda showed no green plant regeneration ability. The frequency of albino plants ranged between 0% (Banks/Rodna) and 5.3% (Anastasija/Radika). A total of 61 green and 61 albino plants were regenerated. The results of cytological analysis showed that, from the total number of regenerated green plants, 40.9% were haploids and 59.1% were spontaneous double haploids.
Directional asymmetry estimates developmental instability in plants: A case report in Plantago major L. leaves
Authors: Velickovic Miroslava , Jakovcev-Todorovic Dunja
Published: July 2008

In the present study, an additional approach was used to evaluate the potential effects of the industrial development on natural population of the common plantain (Plantago major L.), previously estimated using si2 as an index of fluctuation asymmetry (FA) together with the coefficient of variation (CV). In this study, directional asymmetry (DA), a form of asymmetry in bilaterally symmetric traits, was used in order to estimate its rule as a potential indicator of developmental instability in leaf traits. Obtained results shows significantly higher DA values for the vein distances within a leaf (VD) on environmentally stressed area than in the control site. Reporting significantly higher values of DA for VD on the environmentally stressed sample and a positive relationship between FA and CV values obtained for the same trait within the same site, in a previous study, the study corroborates the potential of DA as an indicator of developmental perturbations.
Grain filling parameters and yield components in wheat
Authors: Brdar Milka , Kobiljski Borislav , Balalic-Kraljevic Marija
Published: July 2008

Grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is influenced by number of grains per unit area and grain weight, which is result of grain filling duration and rate. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between grain filling parameters in 4 wheat genotypes of different earliness and yield components. Nonlinear regression estimated and observed parameters were analyzed. Rang of estimated parameters corresponds to rang of observed parameters. Stepwise MANOVA indicated that the final grain dry weight, rate and duration of grain filling were important parameters in differentiating among cultivars grain filling curves. The yield was positively correlated with number of grains/m2, grain weight and grain filling rate, and negatively correlated with grain filling duration. Correlation between grain weight and rate of grain filling was positive. Grain filling duration was negatively correlated with grain filling rate and number of grains/m2. The highest yield on three year average had medium late Mironovska 808, by the highest grain weight and grain filling rate and optimal number of grains/2 and grain filling duration.
Variability of in vitro culture response in wheat genotypes, genotype and environmental effects
Authors: Mitic Nevena , Dodig Dejan , Nikolic Radomirka
Published: July 2008

The tissue culture response (TCR) of immature embryos, evaluated according to callus formation, percentage of regenerative green-spotted calli and the number of plants per embryo, was investigated in 96 wheat genotypes of worldwide origins. Immature embryos were collected 12-15 DAP from field-grown plants during three successive years 2003, 2004 and 2005. Year 2003 was with high air temperatures and tropical days during a period of vegetation, while the environmental conditions were more favorable for plant growth in the next two years, 2004 and 2005. Embryos were cultured on standard MS medium containing 2 mg l-1 2, 4-D. In all genotypes calli were efficiently induced, ranging from 36.7 to 100% (2003), 68.4 to 100% (2004), and 94.3 to 100% (2005). The calli occasionally formed green spots, but frequencies markedly differed among genotypes that varied from 0 to 72.5% (2003), 0 to 97.9% (2004), and 0 to 94.0% (2005). Coefficient of variation was highest in term of percent of regenerative calli (66.7%) following by a number of plants per embryo (35.6%) and callus formation (5.1%). Components of phenotypic variance showed that factor year (71.4%) had the highest impact on expression of callus formation, genetic factor (47,1%) on percentage of regenerative green-spotted calli and interaction year/genotype (30.3%) on number of plants per embryo. The results indicated factor genotype as the most important for determining regeneration potential in wheat.
Cytogenetic study of hexaploid species Helianthus tuberosus and its F1 and BC1F1 hybrids with cultivated sunflower, H. annuus
Authors: Atlagic Jovanka , Terzic Sreten
Published: July 2008

Helianthus tuberosus is a potential source of resistance to many disease-provoking pathogens. Three accessions of H. tuberosus were used in this research and they were crossed with cultivated sunflower. Six F] and two BC1F1 hybrid combinations were obtained. Analysis of meiosis was performed using aceto-carmine method (GEORGIEVA-TODOROVA, 1976) and pollen viability was determined by staining method of ALEXANDER (1969). Meiosis was regular in cultivated sunflower and the pollen viability was high (96.8-98.9%). Low percent of irregularities was found in the meiosis of H. tuberosus. Pollen viability was high (97.2-98.7%). Chromosome pairing was mostly regular in F1 hybrids (34 bivalents), but some meiocytes contained 28-32 bivalents with uni- and quadrivalents present. The percent of meiocytes with fast chromosomes in metaphase was 24.6-87.2, with lagging chromosomes in anaphase I 10.5-81.0 and in telophase 25.0-33.3. Chromosome bridges were detected in 0-9.9% of meiocytes in anaphase. Pollen viability in F1 hybrids ranged from 27.0 to 47.9%. In BC1F1 hybrids number of bivalents was 16-25, univalent 2-18 and multivalent 0-1. Although a triploid set of chromosomes (51) was expected in BC1F1 hybrids, number of chromosomes was 45-57. Pollen viability varied from 0 to 54.3%.