bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The meaningful (elderly dancing) body – intertwined, border-crossing and at home
Authors: Almqvist Cecilia Ferm , Björkman Lotta , Lundberg-Bouquelon Petra
Published: February 2023

Having the possibility to experience meaning in artistic settings is a human right. However, several studies show that structures and norms may prevent human beings from participating in artistic and cultural activities. Moreover, it is not given that all forms of participation offer meaningful experiences, something which puts a great responsibility upon organizers of artistic events. The current study is based in a project where elderly people were given the chance to participate in processes of development and performance of collaborative contemporary dance. The specific aim of the study was to describe and analyse the phenomenon of the meaningful body based on a phenomenological approach. To get access to the dancers’ lived experiences, six participants were interviewed. The transcribed interviews were analysed in a phenomenological manner. The analysis resulted in three themes, which together describe the phenomenon of the lived body, namely: the intertwined body, the border-crossing body, and the body feeling at home. The themes are related to phenomenological philosophy regarding aging, awareness, existence, and aesthetic experience, as well as to art education situations and societal norms.
Keywords: elderly dancers, meaningful body, phenomenology, intertwinement, border-crossing, joy
Webpage photo: Anders Larsson
The effects of acute hydrogen peroxide exposure on respiratory cilia motility and viability
Authors: Francis Richard
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 has seen the propagation of alternative remedies to treat respiratory disease, such as nebulization of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). As H2O2 has known cytotoxicity, it was hypothesised that H2O2 inhalation would negatively impact respiratory cilia function. To test this hypothesis, mouse tracheal samples were incubated with different H2O2 concentrations (0.1–1%) then cilia motility, cilia generated flow, and cell death was assessed 0–120 min following H2O2 treatment. 0.1–0.2% H2O2 caused immediate depression of cilia motility and complete cessation of cilia generated flow. Higher H2O2 concentrations (≥0.5%) caused immediate complete cessation of cilia motility and cilia generated flow. Cilia motility and flow was restored 30 min after 0.1% H2O2 treatment. Cilia motility and flow remained depressed 120 min after 0.2–0.5% H2O2 treatment. No recovery was seen 120 min after treatment with ≥1% H2O2. Live/dead staining revealed that H2O2 treatment caused preferential cell death of ciliated respiratory epithelia over non-ciliated epithelia, with 1% H2O2 causing 35.3 ± 7.0% of the ciliated epithelia cells to die 120 min following initial treatment. This study shows that H2O2 treatment significantly impacts respiratory cilia motility and cilia generated flow, characterised by a significant impairment in cilia motility even at low concentrations, the complete cessation of cilia motility at higher doses, and a significant cytotoxic effect on ciliated respiratory epithelial cells by promoting cell death. While this data needs further study using in vivo models, it suggests that extreme care should be taken when considering treating respiratory diseases with nebulised H2O2.
PrismEXP: gene annotation prediction from stratified gene-gene co-expression matrices
Authors: Lachmann Alexander , Rizzo Kaeli A. , Bartal Alon , Jeon Minji , Clarke Daniel J. B. , Ma’ayan Avi
Published: February 2023

Background

Gene-gene co-expression correlations measured by mRNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) can be used to predict gene annotations based on the co-variance structure within these data. In our prior work, we showed that uniformly aligned RNA-seq co-expression data from thousands of diverse studies is highly predictive of both gene annotations and protein-protein interactions. However, the performance of the predictions varies depending on whether the gene annotations and interactions are cell type and tissue specific or agnostic. Tissue and cell type-specific gene-gene co-expression data can be useful for making more accurate predictions because many genes perform their functions in unique ways in different cellular contexts. However, identifying the optimal tissues and cell types to partition the global gene-gene co-expression matrix is challenging.

Results

Here we introduce and validate an approach called PRediction of gene Insights from Stratified Mammalian gene co-EXPression (PrismEXP) for improved gene annotation predictions based on RNA-seq gene-gene co-expression data. Using uniformly aligned data from ARCHS4, we apply PrismEXP to predict a wide variety of gene annotations including pathway membership, Gene Ontology terms, as well as human and mouse phenotypes. Predictions made with PrismEXP outperform predictions made with the global cross-tissue co-expression correlation matrix approach on all tested domains, and training using one annotation domain can be used to predict annotations in other domains.

Conclusions

By demonstrating the utility of PrismEXP predictions in multiple use cases we show how PrismEXP can be used to enhance unsupervised machine learning methods to better understand the roles of understudied genes and proteins. To make PrismEXP accessible, it is provided via a user-friendly web interface, a Python package, and an Appyter. AVAILABILITY. The PrismEXP web-based application, with pre-computed PrismEXP predictions, is available from: https://maayanlab.cloud/prismexp; PrismEXP is also available as an Appyter: https://appyters.maayanlab.cloud/PrismEXP/; and as Python package: https://github.com/maayanlab/prismexp.
Nipah Virus: A Threatening Outbreak
Authors: Askari Majd Raafat Al- , Menezes Godfred Antony , Omran Hayian H , Ejaz Abdullah , Ejaz Haris , Hameed Siddiqua Shakul
Published: February 2023

Nipah Virus (NiV) first identified in Malaysia in 1998, was found to be a highly pathogenic re-emerging paramyxovirus able to produce febrile encephalitis and respiratory sickness for which there are no vaccinations or approved therapies present. Pteropus species bats act as the main natural reservoir. NiV comes under level-4 in biosafety and most commonly spreads through Pteropus fruit bat saliva or excrement, or through close contact with intermediate hosts such as pigs. This virus is predominantly common in Southeast Asia and is considered one of the deadliest viruses in the world with the highest mortality rates. Different strains of the virus were found to display different epidemiological and clinical features. In order to contain outbreaks, quick diagnosis and infection control measures are needed. For diagnosis and surveillance, varieties of serological and molecular diagnostic approaches have been developed. Here, the authors review the current concepts in NiV genome, structure, replication, epidemiology, different viral strains, pathogenesis, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, vaccines and prevention in human beings.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacovigilance among Ayurveda Doctors Practicing in Wardha, Maharashtra, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sirsikar Ishita , Rathi Bharat , Rathi Renu , Deshpande Amol
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) significantly, cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. As a result, proper ADR monitoring is required. Considering the consequence of this area, the Ministry of AYUSH has introduced a Pharmacovigilance programme for Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy (ASU&H) drugs. Every Ayurveda Practitioner’s (AP) immense responsibility is to detect and report ADR. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Pharmacovigilance among AP in Wardha, Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a Government Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra during March to May 2022. Total 38 Ayurveda Doctors of Wardha city having Bachelor of Ayurvadic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS), MD degree, either working in private clinics and hospitals or as medical officers were enrolled in the study. A validated questionnaire was prepared on Google form, circulated through WhatsApp to the doctors, and asked them to fill and submit it within seven days. The collected data were analysed using MS Excel 2007 and expressed in percentages (%). Results: Thirty (78.94%) male, and 08 (21.05%) female doctors possessing BAMS degrees (68.42%) and postgraduate degrees (37.57%), with practice experience between 5 to 30 years participated in the study. Present study revealed that 32 (84.21%) of the BAMS doctors from Wardha city believed that Ayurveda drugs do not cause ADRs, and only 06 (21.05%) have encountered ADRs in their practice, of which only 02 (5.26%) reported an ADR. Conclusion: The present study revealed that AP are well aware about ADR but lacking in the knowledge of its reporting. There is a strong need to organise sensitisation and awareness programmes to implement the pharmocovigilance effectively.
Effect of Different Growing Environments of Pigeonpea Cultivars on Population Dynamics of Clavigralla gibbosa and its Relationship with Microclimate
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Niwas Ram , Sharma Kartik , Bhagat Rakshit
Published: February 2023

The field experiment was carried out at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during Kharif season 2017-18 to study the influence of different growing environments on Clavigralla gibbosa population dynamics and its relationship with microclimate of pigeonpea cultivars. The results revealed that the egg masses and adult population of C. gibbosa were first recorded during the 38th SMW and continued until crop harvesting in all cultivars and D1 (First fortnight of May), and D2 (First fortnight of June) sown crops, whereas it was observed during the 40th SMW and 39th SMW in the D3 (Second fortnight of June) sown crop, respectively. Mean number of egg masses of C. gibbosa (0.15 egg masses/plant) and population of adults (1.24 adults/plant) recorded highest under D1 sown crop, whereas, among cultivars, it was found higher (0.15 egg masses/plant) and (1.18 adults/plant) under cultivar Paras. The nymphal population of C. gibbosa initially noticed during 38th SMW in Manak cultivar sown on D1 and D2, while, in cultivars Paras and UPAS-120, it was noticed during 39th SMW and in D3 sown crop on 40th SMW. Among different date of sowings, higher nymphal population (0.22 nymphs/plant) was found in D1 sown crop while among different cultivars, it was highest (0.21 nymphs/plant) on cultivar Manak. Non-significant negative correlation was obtained between egg masses laid by C. gibbosa and temperature while non-significant positive correlation was obtained with relative humidity in cultivar Manak. In cultivar Paras, non-significant positive correlation with temperature while non-significant negative correlation with relative humidity. In cultivar UPAS-120, non-significant positive correlation was found with both temperature and relative humidity. Significant negative correlation was obtained between nymphal population of C. gibbosa and temperature while relative humidity showed significant positive correlation with tur pod bug nymphal population in all three cultivars. Adult population of C. gibbosa showed significant positive correlation with temperature while non-significant negative correlation with relative humidity in all cultivars. A negative linear relationship was found between temperature and nymphal population of C. gibbosa while relative humidity showed positive linear relationship on all the three varities i.e., Manak, Paras and UPAS-120 explaining the variability up to 65 and 49 per cent, 58 and 59 per cent and 53 and 55 per cent, respectively.
Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia: A Review of Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: Elendu Chukwuka , Anaughe Ejiro A. , Bassey Blessing N. , Ibhiedu Jennifer O. , Ibhiedu Amos O. , Egbunu Emmanuel O. , Okabekwa Olisa S. , Abdi Mohamed Abdirahman , Koroyin Mercy O. , Umeh David E. , Oguine Chibuike A. , Okafor Geraldine C. , Okongko Anietienteabasi O.
Published: February 2023

Sustained ventricular tachycardia is a ventricular rhythm greater than 100 bpm usually lasting more than 30 seconds. It manifests with a broad QRS tachyarrhythmia which has a similar QRS configuration. This happens from one beat to another, showing a similar chain of ventricular depolarization for every beat. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia has its origin from a stable focus. However, in conditions like structural cardiac disease, the substrate is the place that has patchy replacement fibrosis because of infarction which may originate functional reentry or anatomical pathways. Symptoms of VT rely on the underlying heart function, and rate of arrhythmia. The prognosis depends on the existing heart disease and the first treatment always follows advanced cardiac life support.
Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used against Infertility in the Nyong and So’o Division (Cameroon) and Pro-fertilizing Activities of Mammea africana (Clusiaceae) Aqueous Extract Rats
Authors: Sandrine Mengue Ngadena Yolande , Liliane Foutse Yimta , Bico Zang Christian , Emmanuel Owona Pascal , Lohik Mbolang Nguegan , Claude Bilanda Danielle , Michel Noubom , Jonas Kouamouo , Pierre Kamtchouing , Désiré Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul
Published: February 2023

Background: World-renowned as primary healthcare, traditional medicine often represents the only therapeutic resource for many communities with very low incomes, although it shows valuable benefits. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the medicinal plants used to treat infertility in the Nyong & So’o Division (Cameroon) and the effect of Mammea africana, the most commonly used medicinal plant extract, on reproductive parameters in female rats.

Methods: First, a transversal and analytic investigation using semi-structured interviews was conducted on a sample of 22 traditional healers. Secondly, two pharmacological assays were carried out to evaluate M. africana aqueous extract activities in 8-10-week-old female Wistar rats. During 14 days, non-ovariectomized (Novx) mice were given distilled water (DW) at 10 mL/kg and M. africana extract at 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg. In the end, cervical smears were realized, animals were sacrificed, and extract activities were evaluated on reproductive parameters. The estrogenic activities of M. africana extract were assessed on estrogenic-dependent tissues per os in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats in the second assay. They received respectively distilled water (DW), estradiol valerate (E2V) at 1 mg/kg, and the extract at the aforesaid doses, and 3 groups were co-treated with E2V (0.75 mg/kg) and the extract. A sham-operated group received DW

Results: Ethnobotanical investigation revealed that 20 species of plant belonging to 13 different families are used to treat infertility. Mammea africana was the most used plant and its extract at 80 mg/kg aqueous extract induced a significant increase (p <0.001) of FSH, LH, and estradiol in Novx rats compared to control. Furthermore, the extract induced the maturation of ovarian follicles. M. africana extract exhibited also estrogenic activities in Ovx rats. Indeed, M. africana aqueous extract induced the formation of stratum corneum in the vagina of Ovx rats. E2V activities at 0.75 mg/kg were maximized by M. africana extract.

Conclusion: To sum up, many species are used in the Nyong & So’o Division to manage reproductive failure. Among them, Mammea africana is the most commonly used and possesses estrogenic-like activities.
Recent Updates in the Management of HIV Infection
Authors: A. P. Ravinandan , Biju Reya Merin , Mustafa G. Mohammed , Vishwas Hunsur Nagendra
Published: February 2023

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a lethal disease caused by the dreaded pathogen, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Fortunately, antiretroviral therapy (ART) distinctly reduces plasma viral load from the blood and thus mitigates HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. Further, ART also markedly reduces the risk of HIV transmission to sexual partners and infants. Consequently, antiretroviral therapy has converted HIV infection into a manageable chronic condition, with the expectation of life approaching that for people without HIV. However, lack of adherence to treatment results in the development of drug resistance as well as quickens disease development. Therefore, conditions that encourage adherence should be maximized before and after the commencement of antiretroviral therapy. Adverse effects, drug abuse, depression, socioeconomic status, low level of literacy, less social support, and interruptible access to medications are some of the reasons for poor adherence. Frequent monitoring, adequate counselling, and proper social protection help to improve treatment adherence.
“The unconscious is a shy beast: don’t pounce!”
Authors: O'Connor John , Nicholls David A. , Thorpe Mark , Woodard Wiremu
Published: February 2023

Psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, and Jungian analytical psychology, it could be argued, have as their centrepiece the encounter with the other, both within and without, and the attempt to bring an understanding mind to these others. In this we grapple, encounter, and receive the often-disturbing forces of the unconscious mind, including the implicit early relational experiences which in combination with our biological, and arguably spiritual, template, form the mind into the subjectivity that we experience as the self. But what if the very systems of thought which we utilise to inform our understanding of, and attempt to guide our encounter with, the unconscious, are themselves manifestations of a cultural unconscious, discourses which actually fabricate our very subjectivity as therapist and patient, thus constituting the very subjectivity which, by contrast, psychoanalysis and Jungian psychology, suggest is innate and a priori of discourse? This paper explores these complex tensions and how they may inform the construction of psychotherapy in Aotearoa New Zealand. The paper concludes with an exploration of the possible clinical implications of these ideas, including consideration of some clinical vignettes.
Time to Abolish Metrics That Sustain Systemic Racism in Kidney Allocation
Authors: Gill John S. , Kelly Burnett , Tonelli Marcello
Published: February 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) in its current form is not fit to guide kidney allocation because it devalues organ donation by Black donors based on a weak association between donor race and kidney transplant failure.
Association of Cardiovascular Health With Life Expectancy Free of Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, Cancer, and Dementia in UK Adults
Authors: Wang Xuan , Ma Hao , Li Xiang , Heianza Yoriko , Manson JoAnn E. , Franco Oscar H. , Qi Lu
Published: February 2023

Importance

The average life expectancy has increased substantially in the past few decades in most industrialized countries; however, not all of the increased life expectancy is being spent in optimal health, especially among individuals with low socioeconomic status.

Objective

To quantify the associations between levels of cardiovascular health (CVH), estimated by the American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) metrics, with life expectancy free of major chronic disease, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, cancer, and dementia, in UK adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included 135 199 adults in the UK Biobank study who were initially free of major chronic disease and had complete data on LE8 metrics. Data analyses were performed in August 2022.

Exposures

Cardiovascular health levels, as estimated by LE8 score. The LE8 score, which consists of 8 components: (1) diet, (2) physical activity, (3) tobacco/nicotine exposure, (4) sleep, (5) body mass index, (6) non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (7) blood glucose, and (8) blood pressure. The CVH level was evaluated at baseline and categorized into low (LE8 score <50), moderate (LE8 score ≥50 but <80), and high (LE8 score ≥80) levels.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the life expectancy free of 4 major chronic diseases (CVD, diabetes, cancer, and dementia).

Results

Of the 135 199 adults (44.7% men; mean [SD] age, 55.4 [7.9] years) included in the study, a total of 4712, 48 955, and 6748 men had low, moderate, and high CVH levels, respectively, and the corresponding numbers for women were 3661, 52 192, and 18 931. At age 50 years, the estimated disease-free years were 21.5 (95% CI, 21.0-22.0), 25.5 (95% CI, 25.4-25.6), and 28.4 (95% CI, 27.8-29.0) for men with low, moderate, and high CVH levels, respectively; the corresponding estimated disease-free years at age 50 years for women were 24.2 (95% CI, 23.5-24.8), 30.5 (95% CI, 30.4-30.6), and 33.6 (95% CI, 33.1-34.0). Equivalently, men with moderate or high CVH levels lived on average 4.0 (95% CI, 3.4-4.5) or 6.9 (95% CI, 6.1-7.7) longer years free of chronic disease, respectively, at age 50 years, compared with men with low CVH levels. The corresponding longer years lived free of disease for women were 6.3 (95% CI, 5.6-7.0) or 9.4 (95% CI, 8.5-10.2). For participants with high CVH level, there was not a statistically significant difference in disease-free life expectancy between participants with low and other socioeconomic status.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, a high level of CVH, evaluated using the LE8 metrics, was associated with longer life expectancy free of major chronic diseases and may contribute to narrowing socioeconomic health inequalities in both men and women.
Modern Neurology Training Is Failing Outpatients
Authors: Klebanoff Louise M. , Safdieh Joseph E.
Published: February 2023

This Viewpoint describes the pressure on neurology residents to pursue subspecialty training in a fellowship program even though the need for general neurologists is sizable and increasing.
Therapeutic radiation beam output and energy variation across clinics, technologies, and time
Authors: Zaini Mehran Miron , Fagerstrom Jessica M. , Marshall Edward I. , Hedrick Kathryn M. , Zaks Daniel , Tran Hung , Fitzgerald Trevor M.
Published: February 2023

Over the past several decades, a medical physics service group covering 35 clinical sites has provided routine monthly output and energy quality assurance for over 75 linear accelerators. Based on the geographical spread of these clinics and the large number of physicists involved in data acquisition, a systematic calibration procedure was established to ensure uniformity. A consistent measurement geometry and data collection technique is used across all machines for every calendar month, using a standardized set of acrylic slabs. Charge readings in acrylic phantoms are linked to AAPM's TG‐51 formalism via a parameter denoted kacrylic, used to convert raw charge readings to machine output values. Statistical analyses of energy ratios and kacrylic values are presented. Employing the kacrylic concept with a uniform measurement geometry of similar acrylic blocks was found to be a reproducible and simple way of referencing a calibration completed in water under reference conditions and comparing to other machines, with the ability to alert physicists of outliers.
A Review of X‐Ray Imaging at the BAMline(BESSY II)
Authors: Markötter Henning , Müller Bernd Randolf , Kupsch Andreas , Evsevleev Sergei , Arlt Tobias , Ulbricht Alexander , Dayani Shahabeddin , Bruno Giovanni
Published: February 2023

The hard X‐ray beamline BAMlineat BESSY II (Berlin, Germany) has now been in service for 20 years. Several improvements have been implemented in this time, and this review provides an overview of the imaging methods available at the BAMline. Besides classic full‐field synchrotron X‐ray computed tomography (SXCT), also absorption edge CT, synchrotron X‐ray refraction radiography (SXRR), and synchrotron X‐ray refraction tomography (SXRCT) are used for imaging. Moreover, virtually any of those techniques are currently coupled in situ or operando with ancillary equipment such as load rigs, furnaces, or potentiostats. Each of the available techniques is explained and both the current and the potential usage are described with corresponding examples. The potential use is manifold, the examples cover organic materials, composite materials, energy‐related materials, biological samples, and materials related to additive manufacturing. The article includes published examples as well as some unpublished applications.
Direct Ink Writing 3D Printing of Graphene/Al2O3 Composite Ceramics with Gradient Mechanics
Authors: Fan Jiang , Guan Ruihua , Ou Kangtai , Fu Qiang , Liu Qingxiao , Li Dian-sen , Zheng Hengyu , Sun Youyi
Published: February 2023

A new graphene (G)/Al2O3 composite ceramic with tunable mechanics is prepared by direct ink writing (DIW) 3D‐printing technology. It is found that the bending strength, fracture toughness, and hardness all increase with increasing in content of G. The bending strength, fracture toughness, and hardness of G/Al2O3 composite ceramic (4.0 wt‰) are improved to be 45.0%, 40.6%, and 21.9% comparing to Al2O3 ceramic, respectively. The result is attributed to good reinforcement of G and inhibition of Al2O3 phase growth by G. Furthermore, the gear wheel with gradient mechanics is also designed and fabricated by the DIW 3D‐printing technology from various G/Al2O3 composite gels. It exhibits excellent wear resistance and low generation of heat during rotational friction. Herein, a new method is provided to fabricate G‐based ceramics with gradient structure and mechanics for various applications.
High Hardness and High Toughness WC–Fe–Ni‐Cemented Carbides Prepared by Hot Oscillating Pressing
Authors: Gao Yang , Deng Sheng-Qiang , Yang Fang , Sun De-Jian , Gao Ka , An Li-Nan
Published: February 2023

WC–Fe–Ni‐cemented carbides are prepared by hot oscillating pressing (HOP) and hot pressing (HP). Compared with the sample prepared by applying HP, the sample prepared by HOP shows higher density, lower carbide contiguity, more uniform distribution of binder phase, and finer WC grains. The average grain size of the HOP sample is 0.54 μm, where that of the HP sample is 0.67 μm. Moreover, the content of W in the binder phase is higher in the HOP sample than in the HP sample. The HOP sample exhibits a hardness of 2080 MPa and a fracture toughness of 15.95 MPa.m1/2, which are not only higher than those of the HP sample, but also higher than those of the WC–10Co alloys reported previously. The improvement in the mechanical properties is likely due to that the oscillatory pressure enhanced the flow of the liquid binder phase as well as influenced dissolution and re‐precipitation during densification process. Herein, it is indicated that HOP is an effective technique for the preparation of cemented carbides having high hardness and high toughness.
Positive Effect of Periodic Micropatterns on Compression Ring Friction
Authors: Michelberger Björn , Schell Frederic , Jaitner Dirk , Götze Andreas , Leupolt Beate , Wetzel Franz-Josef , Leson Andreas , Lasagni Andrés F.
Published: February 2023

Internal combustion engines are increasingly regulated in regard to efficiency and environmental impact, which requires advanced optimization strategies of engine components. The contact between the top ring and the cylinder liner is critical to the efficiency of an internal combustion engine. As shown in a previous study, an amorphous carbon coating can greatly improve the friction properties of piston rings. This work expands on these results by fabricating laser‐interference‐induced microchannels on the coating perpendicular to the direction of movement with a mean depth of 0.97 and 3.13 μm spatial period to further optimize the tribology. Fired single‐cylinder engine measurements of the microtextured rings show a significant reduction in mean piston assembly friction of 5% for operation points that are relevant for urban transportation and up to 10% for specific operation points. Subsequent multibody elastohydrodynamic simulations prove that measured friction changes result from the compression ring microtexture. In particular, the microtexture increases the hydrodynamic pressure, reduces hydrodynamic losses, and leads to 20% lowered compression ring losses for an entire combustion cycle of the investigated operation point. In the future, such tribological concepts can be deployed in internal combustion engines that are powered by sustainable hydrogen or methanol.
Low‐Temperature Solidifiable Liquid Metal with Ultrahigh Thermal Conductivity Enabled by Spontaneous Phase Transition for Electronics’ Safety and Long‐Life Cooling
Authors: Zheng Zenghuang , Wei Song , Yang Yiren , Zhang Dan , Yang Daoguo , Li Wangyun , Guo Jingdong
Published: February 2023

Gallium‐based liquid metals have displayed many advantages as a thermal interface material for high‐power electronic devices. However, due to their excellent rheological property, liquid metals do carry risks for electronic systems, including the possibility of short circuit or even failure. For this problem, a low‐temperature solidifiable liquid‐metal EGaInSn/Cu composite is proposed, and the matter state of this composite can transform from liquid to solid spontaneously even at room temperature. Subsequently, the liquid–solid transition behavior and phase composition evolution of liquid‐metal composites during solidification are investigated, and it is found that the solidifying reaction is triggered by the formation of CuGa2 intermetallic compounds and the precipitation of In3Sn solid solutions. Moreover, this study confirms that the obtained composite with only a 36% volume ratio of copper fillers can achieve an ultrahigh thermal conductivity of 86.7 W (m K)−1, which is far greater than that of other analogous liquid‐metal composites. More importantly, the mechanical and thermal properties of this material after solidification have always maintained steady in the thermal cycling test. It demonstrates that the low‐temperature solidifiable liquid metal can satisfy the needs of electronics’ safety and long‐life cooling application.
Infusible Thermoplastic Composites for Wind Turbine Blade Manufacturing: Fatigue Life of Thermoplastic Laminates under Ambient and Low‐Temperature Conditions
Authors: Cousins Dylan S. , Arwood Zach , Young Stephen , Hinkle Brandon , Snowberg David , Penumadu Dayakar , Stebner Aaron P.
Published: February 2023

Traditionally, thermoset resins such as polyesters (PE) and epoxies are used as the polymer matrix for construction of wind turbine blades. However, concern about their end‐of‐life treatment garners interest to use thermoplastics for increased recyclability. However, the high viscosity of molten thermoplastics inhibits their use in manufacturing wind turbine blades with injection or compression molding. A recently developed, infusible, reactive thermoplastic resin overcomes this technological barrier. Toward verifying that this recyclable resin is suitable for use in wind turbine blades, a dataset of R = 0.1 and R = 10 fatigue data for glass fiber–reinforced acrylic composites is provided and equal fatigue life to industry standard epoxy and unsaturated PE resin systems is demonstrated. Specifically, R = 0.1 fatigue data for acrylic composites at room temperature and −30 °C for verification of low‐temperature performance are tabulated. To elucidate failure mechanisms, in situ mechanical testing with X‐ray computed tomography demonstrates that damage accumulation occurs by crack propagation along the fiber–matrix interface under cyclic loading. Infrared (IR) thermography predicts failure points in composites specimens with porosity defects introduced from nonideal manufacturing processes. Furthermore, these manufacturing defects are shown to compromise the fatigue life of the acrylic laminates by an order of magnitude.
Achieving Excellent Strength–Ductility Combination by Austempering below Ms in 40CrNiMo Steels
Authors: Pan Haijun , Tao Wenyu , Liu Lin , Gao Hongmei
Published: February 2023

Herein, the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the 40CrNiMo steel treated by different austempering temperatures are investigated. With the decrease in austempering temperatures from 270 to 180 °C, the volume fraction of bainite decreases, and the martensite fraction increases. The austenite content is about 8% at 270 °C, and then increases over 12% at 240≈180 °C. The mean grain size decreases from 270 to 180 °C, which is related to the reason that the development of bainite/austenite interface is restricted for the martensite formation. The yield strength increases from 1153 to 1323 MPa by refinement hardening and dislocation hardening, and ultimate tensile strength increases from 1193 to 1731 MPa at from 270 to 180 °C. The elongation is about 13% at 210≈270 °C, and then decreases at 180 °C.
Perfluoro Macrocyclic Ether as an Ambifunctional Additive for High‐Performance SiO and Nickel 88%‐Based High‐Energy Li‐ion Battery
Authors: Oh Min‐Geun , Kwak Sehyun , An Kihun , Tran Yen Hai Thi , Kang Dong Guk , Park Seong Jun , Lim Guntae , Kim Koeun , Lee Yoon Sung , Song Seung‐Wan
Published: February 2023

State‐of‐the‐art lithium (Li)‐ion batteries employ silicon anode active material at a limited fraction while strongly relying on fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) electrolyte additive exceeding 10 wt.% to enable stable cycling. The swelling issue of silicon in the aspect of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) instability and a risk of safety hazards and high manufacturing cost due to FEC has motivated the authors to design a well‐working fluorinated additive substitute. High‐capacity cells employing nickel‐rich oxide cathode are pursued by operating at > 4.2 V versus Li/Li+, for which anodic stability of electrolyte is required. Herein, a highly effective new ambifunctional additive of icosafluoro‐15‐crown 5‐ether is proposed at a little fraction of 0.4 wt.% for the stabilized interfaces and reduced swelling of high capacity (3.5 mAh cm−2) 5 wt.% SiO‐graphite anode and LiNi0.88Co0.08Mn0.04O2 cathode. Utilizing together with a lowered fraction of FEC, reversible long 300 cycles at 4.35 V and 1 C (225 mA g−1) are achieved. Material characterization results reveal that such stabilization is derived from the surface passivation of both anode and cathode with perfluoro ether, LiF, and LixPFy species. The present study gives insight into electrolyte formulation design with lower cost and both‐side stabilization strategies for silicon and nickel‐rich active materials and their interfaces.
Electrocapacitive Deionization: Mechanisms, Electrodes, and Cell Designs
Authors: Sun Kaige , Tebyetekerwa Mike , Wang Chao , Wang Xianfen , Zhang Xiwang , Zhao Xiu Song
Published: February 2023

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging water desalination technology for removing different ionic species from water, which is based on electric charge compensation by these charged species. CDI is becoming popular because it is more energy‐efficient and cost‐effective than other technologies, such as reverse osmosis and distillation, specifically in dealing with brackish water having low or moderate salt concentrations. Over the past decade, the CDI research field has witnessed significant advances in the used electrode materials, cell architectures, and associated mechanisms for desalination applications. This review article first discusses ion storage/removal mechanisms in carbon and Faradaic materials aided by advanced in situ analysis techniques and computations. It then summarizes research progress toward electrode materials in terms of structure, surface chemistry, and composition. More still, it discusses CDI cell architectures by highlighting their different cell design concepts. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are summarized to provide guidelines for future CDI research.
4D Printed Shape Memory Anastomosis Ring with Controllable Shape Transformation and Degradation
Authors: Peng Wenjun , Yin Jie , Zhang Xianming , Shi Yunpeng , Che Gang , Zhao Qian , Liu Jian
Published: February 2023

Biofragmentable anastomosis ring (BAR) is an ideal sutureless alternative for intestinal connection that is frequently demanded in colonic surgery. However, it is challenging to insert a bulky BAR into the soft and slippery intestine. Here 4D printing of an anastomosis ring with shape memory capability is presented via fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. The shape memory anastomosis ring can recover from a compressed shape that facilitates the insertion to the permanent shape for connection and supporting. Degradation kinetics is tuned by controlling the blending composition of polylactic acid and poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid), so that the device can be excreted after the intestine healing. The shape recovery temperature is adjusted to 50 °C that the human body can withstand for a while. Grid structure and hook lock are designed and printed to guarantee dimension reduction upon programming and stable connection after shape recovery, respectively. A conceptual anastomotic operation shows the advantages and prospects of shape transformation. The 4D printing strategy may promote intestinal anastomosis development and inspire more opportunities for minimally invasive medical surgery.
Symmetric and Excellent Scaling Behavior in Ultrathinn‐ andp‐Type Gate‐All‐Around InAs Nanowire Transistors
Authors: Li Qiuhui , Yang Chen , Xu Lin , Liu Shiqi , Fang Shibo , Xu Linqiang , Yang Jie , Ma Jiachen , Li Ying , Wu Baochun , Quhe Ruge , Tang Kechao , Lu Jing
Published: February 2023

Complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) field‐effect transistors (FETs) are the key component of a chip. Bulk indium arsenide (InAs) owns nearly 30 times higher electron mobilityµethan silicon but suffers from a much lower hole mobilityµh(µe/µh = 80), thus unsuited to CMOS application with a single material. Through the accurate ab initio quantum‐transport simulations, the performance gap between the NMOS and PMOS is significantly narrowed is predicted and even vanished in the sub‐2‐nm‐diameter gate‐all‐around (GAA) InAs nanowires (NW) FETs because the inversion of the light and heavy hole bands occurs when the diameter is shorter than 3 nm. It is further proposed several feasible strategies for further improving the performance symmetry in the GAA InAs NWFETs. Short‐channel effects are effectively depressed in the symmetricn‐ andp‐type GAA InAs NWFETs till the gate length is scaled down to 2 nm according to the standards of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. Therefore, the ultrasmall GAA InAs NWFETs possess tremendous prospects in CMOS integrated circuits.
Exceeding Theoretical Capacity in Exfoliated Ultrathin Manganese Ferrite Nanosheets via Galvanic Replacement‐Derived Self‐Hybridization for Fast Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kang Song Kyu , Kim Minho , Shin Hyun Ho , Yoon Wongeun , Lee Seungjun , Jang Daehee , Choi Junil , Park Gwan Hyeon , Park Jungsoo , Kim Won Bae
Published: February 2023

Mixed transition metal oxides are promising anodes to meet high‐performance energy storage materials; however, their widespread uses are restrained owing to limited theoretical capacity, restricted synthesis methods and templates, low conductivity, and extreme volume expansion. Here, Mn3‐xFexO4 nanosheets with interconnected conductive networks are synthesized via a novel self‐hybridization approach of a facile, galvanic replacement‐derived, tetraethyl orthosilicate‐assisted hydrothermal process. An exceptionally high reversible capacity of 1492.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 is achieved by producing Li‐rich phase through combined synergistic effects of amorphous phases with interface modification design for fully utilizing highly spin‐polarized surface capacitance. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that large surface area can effectively facilitate Li‐ion kinetics, and the formation of interconnected conductive networks improves the electrical conductivity and structural stability by alleviating volume expansion. This leads to a high rate capability of 412.3 mAh g−1 even at an extremely high current density of 10 A g−1 and stable cyclic stability with a capacity up to 921.9 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 500 cycles. This study can help to overcome theoretically limited electrochemical properties of conventional metal oxide materials, providing a new insight into the rational design with surface alteration to boost Li‐ion storage capacity.
Bioinspired Bimodal Mechanosensors with Real‐Time, Visualized Information Display for Intelligent Control
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyan , Liu Jize , Zhou Bo , Zhang Xinxing
Published: February 2023

Imitating mechano‐sensing luminescence of organisms has long been envisaged to achieve dynamic and real‐time visualized information display, however, it remains challenging to recreate the skin‐like visual sensation functions in artificial sensors. Here, a bioinspired mechanosensor is presented with mechanoluminescent/triboelectric hierarchical structure that is capable of pressure perception and patterning display in real time. Interestingly, a facilitative effect of interfacial triboelectric field on luminescent output and pressure visualization was found. The developed mechanosensor shows self‐powered, bimodal, and real‐time patterning sensation behavior with a low force detection limit (0.082 N), high sensitivity (9.69 a.u. N−1), fast response (35 ms), and good reliability (5000 cycles). On this basis, an intelligent control system is further constructed via combining image machine learning approach. This study not only addresses the long‐lasting challenge of real‐time pressure visualized display, but also boosts the further development of untethered, small‐scale, and efficient intelligent systems.
Treatment with Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Nanovesicle‐Containing Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels Alleviates Osteoarthritis by Modulating Chondrogenesis and Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Pang Liying , Jin Hong , Lu Zhengmao , Xie Fangyuan , Shen Huaxing , Li Xinying , Zhang Xinyi , Jiang Xianghe , Wu Lili , Zhang Mengya , Zhang Tinglin , Zhai Yonghua , Zhang Yuanyuan , Guan Huilin , Su Jiacan , Li Meng , Gao Jie
Published: February 2023

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disorder that can severely affect joints, and new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Administration of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived exosomes is a promising therapeutic strategy in osteoarthritis treatment. However, the poor yield of exosomes is an obstacle to the use of this modality in the clinic. Herein, a promising strategy is developed to fabricate high‐yield exosome‐mimicking MSC‐derived nanovesicles (MSC‐NVs) with enhanced regenerative and anti‐inflammatory capabilities. MSC‐NVs are prepared using an extrusion approach and are found to increase chondrocyte and human bone marrow MSC differentiation, proliferation, and migration, in addition to inducing M2 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels loaded with MSC‐NVs (GelMA‐NVs) are formulated, which exhibit sustained release of MSC‐NVs and are shown to be biocompatible with excellent mechanical properties. In a mouse osteoarthritis model constructed by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), GelMA‐NVs effectively ameliorate osteoarthritis severity, reduce the secretion of catabolic factors, and enhance matrix synthesis. Furthermore, GelMA‐NVs induce M2 macrophage polarization and inflammatory response inhibition in vivo. The findings demonstrate that GelMA‐NVs hold promise for osteoarthritis treatment through modulation of chondrogenesis and macrophage polarization.
Self‐Adhesive Self‐Healing Thermochromic Ionogels for Smart Windows with Excellent Environmental and Mechanical Stability, Solar Modulation, and Antifogging Capabilities
Authors: Li Bing , Xu Fuchang , Guan Tingting , Li Yang , Sun Junqi
Published: February 2023

Current thermochromic materials used in smart windows still face challenges, such as poor mechanical and environmental stability, unsatisfactory solar modulation capacity, and low transparency. Herein, the first self‐adhesive self‐healing thermochromic ionogels with excellent mechanical and environmental stability, antifogging capability, transparency, and solar modulation capability by loading binary ionic liquids (ILs) into rational‐designed self‐healing poly(urethaneurea) with acylsemicarbazide (ASCZ) moieties that have reversible and multiple hydrogen bonds are reported and their feasibility as smart windows with reliability and long service life is demonstrated. The self‐healing thermochromic ionogels can switch between transparent and opaque without leakage or shrinkage, by the constrained reversible phase separation of ILs within the ionogels. The ionogels have the highest transparency and solar modulation capability among reported thermochromic materials and such excellent solar modulation capability can be well maintained after undergoing 1000 transitions, stretches, and bends, and storage at −30 °C, 60 °C, 90% RH, and vacuum environment for 2 months. The formation of high‐density hydrogen bonds among the ASCZ moieties contributes to the excellent mechanical strength of the ionogels and allows the thermochromic ionogels to spontaneously heal their damages and be fully recycled at room temperature without the loss of thermochromic capabilities.
THz Ultra‐Strong Light–Matter Coupling up to 200 K with Continuously‐Graded Parabolic Quantum Wells
Authors: Goulain Paul , Deimert Chris , Jeannin Mathieu , Pirotta Stefano , Pasek Wojciech Julian , Wasilewski Zbigniew , Colombelli Raffaele , Manceau Jean‐Michel
Published: February 2023

Continuously graded parabolic quantum wells with excellent optical performances are used to overcome the low‐frequency and thermal limitations of square quantum wells at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The formation of microcavity intersubband polaritons at frequencies as low as 1.8 THz is demonstrated, with a sustained ultra‐strong coupling regime up to a temperature of 200 K. Thanks to the excellent intersubband transition linewidth, polaritons present quality factors up to 17. It is additionally shown that the ultra‐strong coupling regime is preserved when the active region is embedded in sub‐wavelength resonators, with an estimated relative strength η = ΩR/ω0 = 0.12. This represents an important milestone for future studies of quantum vacuum radiation because such resonators can be optically modulated at ultrafast rates, possibly leading to the generation of non‐classical light via the dynamic Casimir effect. Finally, with an effective volume of , it is estimated that fewer than 3000 electrons per resonator are ultra‐strongly coupled to the quantized electromagnetic mode, proving it is also a promising approach to explore few‐electron polaritonic systems operating at relatively high temperatures.