bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of programme testimonials on registrations for an online cognitive behaviour therapy intervention: a randomised trial
Authors: Healey Benjamin J , Griffiths Kathleen M , Bennett Kylie
Published: September 2017

Objective

Suboptimal visit-to-registration rates limit the reach and potential impact of online health interventions. In this study, we examined whether testimonials presented during a new-user registration process could increase the uptake rates of MoodGYM, an open-access automated intervention designed to reduce the symptoms of depression.

Methods

We conducted a three-armed parallel randomised controlled trial on the MoodGYM website involving variations of the first page of the registration process. Spontaneous visitors saw either the current pre-registration content, the current content supplemented by a first-person past user testimonial or the current content accompanied by a testimonial from a third-party health professional. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of visitors seeing each version who completed registration.

Results

A total of 14,267 visits were recorded across the three conditions. The past user, health professional and control condition registration rates were 45.6%, 45.5% and 45.5% respectively, indicating that there was no effect of registration content on registration rate. ( p > 0.05)

Conclusions

There may be limited use for testimonials in well-established interventions that have programme benefits clearly stated and presented in other forms. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that testimonial effects might be moderated by positioning or other elements within the registration flow or by visitor source. Further research is required to examine these factors and, more broadly, assess whether modifications to other aspects of the registration process can improve visit-to-registration rates.
Clinically Significant Thromboembolic Disease in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Incidence and Risk Factors in 737 Patients
Authors: Kim Han Jo , Iyer Sravisht , Diebo Basel G. , Kelly Michael P. , Sciubba Daniel , Schwab Frank , Lafage Virginie , Mundis Gregory M. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Smith Justin S. , Hart Robert , Burton Douglas , Bess Shay , Klineberg Eric O. ,   The International Spine Study Group (ISSG)
Published: September 2017

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives:

Describe the rate and risk factors for venous thromboembolic events (VTEs; defined as deep venous thrombosis [DVT] and/or pulmonary embolism [PE]) in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.

Methods:

ASD patients with VTE were identified in a prospective, multicenter database. Complications, revision, and mortality rate were examined. Patient demographics, operative details, and radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared with a non-VTE group. Multivariate binary regression model was used to identify predictors of VTE.

Results:

A total of 737 patients were identified, 32 (4.3%) had VTE (DVT = 14; PE = 18). At baseline, VTE patients were less likely to be employed in jobs requiring physical labor (59.4% vs 79.7%, P < .01) and more likely to have osteoporosis (29% vs 15.1%, P = .037) and liver disease (6.5% vs 1.4%, P = .027). Patients with VTE had a larger preoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA; 93 mm vs 55 mm, P < .01) and underwent larger SVA corrections. VTE was associated with a combined anterior/posterior approach (45% vs 25%, P = .028). VTE patients had a longer hospital stay (10 vs 7 days, P < .05) and higher mortality rate (6.3% vs 0.7%, P < .01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated osteoporosis, lack of physical labor, and increased SVA correction were independent predictors of VTE ( r2 = .11, area under the curve = 0.74, P < .05).

Conclusions:

The incidence of VTE in ASD is 4.3% with a DVT rate of 1.9% and PE rate of 2.4%. Osteoporosis, lack of physical labor, and increased SVA correction were independent predictors of VTE. Patients with VTE had a higher mortality rate compared with non-VTE patients.
Smoking Is an Independent Risk Factor of Reoperation Due to Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Andersen Stina Brogård , Smith Elisabeth Corydon , Støttrup Christian , Carreon Leah Y. , Andersen Mikkel O.
Published: September 2017

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives:

The purpose of the present study is to determine if age, gender, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI) are significant risk factors of symptomatic recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rLDH) leading to reoperation.

Methods:

A cohort of 1378 consecutive patients who underwent discectomy for LDH from June 2010 to January 2015 at our institution were included. Patients who underwent reoperation due to rLDH prior to August 2015 were identified. Data on reoperations, age, gender, smoking status, and BMI were collected from our database. A comparison of age, gender, smoking status, and BMI was made between the controls (non-rLDH) and the cases (rLDH group). Binary logistic regression was performed to determine whether age, gender, smoking status, and BMI were independent risk factors for rLDH.

Results:

Patients in the non-rLDH group (48.2 years) were older than the rLDH group (44.7 years; P = .013). Gender distribution (54.8% vs 48.5% males; P = .222) and BMI (26.6 vs 26.6; P = .458) were similar between the 2 groups. A significantly higher prevalence of smokers was found in the rLDH group (33.1% vs 51.5%; P < .001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that smoking was an independent risk factor of rLDH (odds ratio = 2.12; 95% confidence interval = 1.39-3.15; P < .001).

Conclusions:

Neither age, BMI, nor gender had any statistical significant association with the risk of rLDH. Smoking was associated with higher risk of reoperation due to rLDH.
“…like because you are a grownup, you do not need help”: Experiences of Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care among Youth with Perinatal HIV Infection, Their Caregivers, and Health Care Providers in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Pinzón-Iregui María C. , Ibanez Gladys , Beck-Sagué Consuelo , Halpern Mina , Mendoza Rosa M.
Published: September 2017

With the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide, youth with perinatal HIV infection are increasingly surviving childhood and transitioning to adult care. Although a normal life span is anticipated posttransition, successful transition to adult HIV care has proven difficult, with worse outcomes posttransition than in pediatric and adult care. This study is a qualitative analysis of data from 4 focus groups of pre- and posttransition patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers in the Dominican Republic at an institution that provides comprehensive treatment including ART for HIV-infected persons of all ages. All groups discussed the problems and challenges that patients, caregivers, and providers experience while living the transition process and beyond. Five major themes emerged: the trauma of transition itself, ART adherence, experience and impact of stigma, social supports and barriers, and recommendations for improving outcomes. Participants’ insights offered approaches for a versatile structured transition process.
Elastic-wave evaluation of downhole hydraulic fracturing: Modeling and field applications
Authors: Su Yuan-Da , Li Zhen , Xu Song , Zhuang Chun-Xi , Tang Xiao-Ming
Published: September 2017

We numerically simulate elastic-wave propagation along a fluid-filled borehole with a hydraulically fractured formation. The numerical model is based on the results of hydraulic fracturing on laboratory specimens. Two typical models are simulated: a main fracture crossing the borehole and a fracture network extending from the borehole. In addition, both models contain small, secondary fractures surrounding the borehole. Our result indicates that wave propagation in the main-fracture model is characterized by significant S-wave anisotropy for polarization along and normal to the fracture orientation, with the magnitude of anisotropy depending on the fracture aperture and filling material. In contrast, no significant anisotropy is observed for the fracture network model. In both models, wave propagation is significantly affected by small-fracture-induced near-borehole velocity variation. Our modeling results provide a theoretical foundation for evaluating hydraulic fracturing using the borehole acoustic logging. The hydraulic fracture-induced S-wave anisotropy can be evaluated with the cross-dipole S-wave logging, and the fracturing-induced velocity change can be detected by acoustic traveltime tomography. We used field data examples to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of using the borehole acoustic techniques for hydraulic fracturing evaluation.
Predictors, help-seeking behaviour and treatment coverage for
depression in adults in Sehore district, India
Authors: Shidhaye Rahul , Lyngdoh Tanica , Murhar Vaibhav , Samudre Sandesh , Krafft Thomas
Published: September 2017

Background

National Mental Health Survey found that in India, the point prevalence
of major depressive disorder (MDD) was 2.7% and the treatment gap was
85.2%, whereas in Madhya Pradesh the point prevalence of MDD was 1.4% and
the treatment gap was 80%.

Aims

To describe the baseline prevalence of depression among adults,
association of various demographic and socioeconomic variables with
depression and estimation of contact coverage for the same.

Method

Population-based cross-sectional survey of 3220 adults in Sehore district
of Madhya Pradesh, India. The outcome of interest was a probable
diagnosis of depression that was measured using the Patient Health
Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the proportion of individuals with depression
(PHQ-9>9) who sought care for the same. The data were analysed using
simple and multiple log-linear regression.

Results

Low educational attainment, unemployment and indebtedness were associated
with both moderate/severe depression (PHQ-9 score >9) and severe
depression only (PHQ-9 score >14), whereas age, caste and marital
status were associated with only moderate or severe depression. Religion,
type of house, land ownership and amount of loan taken were not
associated with either moderate/severe or only severe depression. The
contact coverage for moderate/severe depression was 13.08% (95% CI
10.2–16.63).

Conclusions

There is an urgent need to bridge the treatment gap by targeting
individuals with social vulnerabilities and integrating evidence-based
interventions in primary care.
The TEAM Approach to Improving Oncology Outcomes by Incorporating Palliative Care in Practice
Authors: Bakitas Marie A. , El-Jawahri Areej , Farquhar Morag , Ferrell Betty , Grudzen Corita , Higginson Irene , Temel Jennifer S. , Zimmermann Camilla , Smith Thomas J.
Published: September 2017

Palliative care (PC) concurrent with usual oncology care is now the standard of care that is recommended for any patient with advanced cancer to begin within 8 weeks of diagnosis on the basis of evidence-driven national clinical practice guidelines; however, there are not enough interdisciplinary palliative care teams to provide such care. How and what can an oncology office incorporate into usual care, borrowing the tools used in PC randomized clinical trials (RCTs), to improve care for patients and their caregivers? We reviewed the multiple RCTs for common practical elements and identified methods and techniques that oncologists can use to deliver some parts of concurrent interdisciplinary PC. We recommend the standardized assessment of patient-reported outcomes, including the evaluation of symptoms with such tools as the Edmonton or Memorial Symptom Assessment Scales, spirituality with the FICA Spiritual History Tool or similar questions, and psychosocial distress with the Distress Thermometer. All patients should be assessed for how they prefer to receive information, their current understanding of their situation, and if they have considered some advance care planning. Approximately 1 hour of additional time with the patient is required each month. If the oncologist does not have established ties with spiritual care and social work, he or she should establish these relationships for counseling as required. Caregivers should be asked about coping and support needs. Oncologists can adapt PC techniques to achieve results that are similar to those in the RCTs of PC plus usual care compared with usual care alone. This is comparable to using data from RCTs of trastuzamab or placebo, adopting what was used in the RCTs without modification or dilution.
Timing of adrenal regression controlled by synergistic interaction between Sf1 SUMOylation and Dax1
Authors: Xing Yewei , Morohashi Ken-ichirou , Ingraham Holly A. , Hammer Gary D.
Published: September 2017

The nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 (Sf1, Nr5a1, Ad4bp) is crucial for formation, development and function of steroidogenic tissues. A fetal adrenal enhancer (FAdE) in the Sf1 gene was previously identified to direct Sf1 expression exclusively in the fetal adrenal cortex and is bound by both Sf1 and Dax1. Here, we have examined the function of Sf1 SUMOylation and its interaction with Dax1 on FAdE function. A diffused prolonged pattern of FAdE expression and delayed regression of the postnatal fetal cortex (X-zone) were detected in both the SUMOylation-deficient-Sf12KR/2KR and Dax1 knockout mouse lines, with FAdE expression/activity retained in the postnatal 20αHSD-positive postnatal X-zone cells. In vitro studies indicated that Sf1 SUMOylation, although not directly influencing DNA binding, actually increased binding of Dax1 to Sf1 to further enhance transcriptional repression of FAdE. Taken together, these studies define a crucial repressor function of Sf1 SUMOylation and Dax1 in the physiological cessation of FAdE-mediated Sf1 expression and the resultant regression of the postnatal fetal cortex (X-zone).
The monoplastidic bottleneck in algae and plant evolution
Authors: de Vries Jan , Gould Sven B.
Published: September 2017

Plastids in plants and algae evolved from the endosymbiotic integration of a cyanobacterium by a heterotrophic eukaryote. New plastids can only emerge through fission; thus, the synchronization of bacterial division with the cell cycle of the eukaryotic host was vital to the origin of phototrophic eukaryotes. Most of the sampled algae house a single plastid per cell and basal-branching relatives of polyplastidic lineages are all monoplastidic, as are some non-vascular plants during certain stages of their life cycle. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular components necessary for plastid division, including those of the peptidoglycan wall (of which remnants were recently identified in moss), in a wide range of phototrophic eukaryotes. Our comparison of the phenotype of 131 species harbouring plastids of either primary or secondary origin uncovers that one prerequisite for an algae or plant to house multiple plastids per nucleus appears to be the loss of the bacterial genes minD and minE from the plastid genome. The presence of a single plastid whose division is coupled to host cytokinesis was a prerequisite of plastid emergence. An escape from such a monoplastidic bottleneck succeeded rarely and appears to be coupled to the evolution of additional layers of control over plastid division and a complex morphology. The existence of a quality control checkpoint of plastid transmission remains to be demonstrated and is tied to understanding the monoplastidic bottleneck.
A simple method to measure CLOCK-BMAL1 DNA binding activity in tissue and cell extracts
Authors: Gillessen Maud , Kwak Pieter Bas , Tamayo Alfred
Published: September 2017

The proteins CLOCK and BMAL1 form a heterodimeric transcription factor essential to circadian rhythms in mammals.  Daily rhythms of CLOCK-BMAL1 DNA binding activity are known to oscillate with target gene expression in vivo. Here we present a highly sensitive assay that recapitulates native CLOCK-BMAL1 DNA binding rhythms from crude tissue extracts, which we call the Clock Protein-DNA Binding Assay (CPDBA). This method can detect less than 2-fold differences in DNA binding activity, and can deliver results in two hours or less using 10 microliters (~10 micrograms) or less of crude extract, while requiring neither specialized equipment nor expensive probes. To demonstrate the sensitivity and versatility of this assay, we show that enzymatic removal of phosphate groups from proteins in tissue extracts or pharmacological inhibition of casein kinase I in cell culture increased CLOCK-BMAL1 DNA binding activity by ~1.5 to ~2 fold, as measured by the CPDBA. In addition, we show that the CPDBA can measure CLOCK-BMAL1 binding to reconstituted chromatin. The CPDBA is a sensitive, fast, efficient and versatile probe of clock function.
Impact of stress and work-family conflict on the mental well-being of physicians: mediation by job and career satisfaction
Authors: Aggarwal-Gupta Meenakshi , Vatharkar Poonam
Published: September 2017

The mental well-being (MWB) of physicians is important both for patients and for the physicians themselves, positively influencing their health and patient care. The current study was undertaken to clarify the impact of perceived stress (PS) and work–family conflict on the MWB of physicians. Two satisfaction-related variables, namely job satisfaction (JS) and career satisfaction (CS), were expected to mediate between these variables. Data were collected through a survey of 102 physicians. The results show strong correlations between all study variables. Job satisfaction and CS completely mediated the link between PS and MWB. These results highlight the importance of JS and CS in ensuring the MWB of physicians. If physicians feel satisfied and empowered, then PS will not impact their MWB. Directions for future research are discussed at the end of the paper. Organisations must enact measures to enhance the satisfaction levels of physicians by providing a supportive environment, opportunities for career growth, and diversity of work.
Evaluation of patient information leaflets for non-invasive prenatal testing for Down's syndrome
Authors: Daley Rebecca , Hill Melissa , Lewis Celine
Published: September 2017

Aims

To validate an evidence-based patient information leaflet (PIL) to support women considering non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for Down's syndrome.

Methods

A PIL was developed based on qualitative interviews and expert review. The PIL was evaluated by women offered NIPT for Down's syndrome as part of a research study. Questionnaires assessed usefulness, relevance, technicality and scope on a four point Likert scale. Qualitative interviews allowed a more in-depth exploration of views on the PIL.

Findings

The PIL was well received by women. Overall, they found it clear and easy to understand. Some women suggested the word heavy PIL could be enhanced through the addition of pictures, colour and altered line spacing.

Conclusions

The majority of women found the PIL useful when considering NIPT for Down's syndrome. The validated PIL could inform development of information resources for women during the future introduction of NIPT into the NHS Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme in the UK.
Inspiring Change: a report on acute non-invasive ventilation
Authors: Juniper MC , Ellis G , Protopapa KL , Smith NCE
Published: September 2017

The British Thoracic Society audit of non-invasive ventilation has shown that mortality rates are higher than expected and increasing. The National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death undertook a detailed analysis of data from 432 patients treated with acute non-invasive ventilation to identify how clinical aspects of non-invasive ventilation treatment could be improved. The study ‘Inspiring Change’ was published in July 2017. This review summarizes some of the important findings and associated recommendations that will improve treatment of patients and help to reduce mortality rates.
How to improve psychiatric services: a perspective from critical psychiatry
Authors: de Silva Prasanna
Published: September 2017

Concern has been expressed from both within and outwith psychiatry about the relative lack of improvement of mental health services. Critical psychiatry is an emerging school of thought, mainly the product of practicing clinicians, which could be useful in remedying this situation. This article outlines, for psychiatrists and doctors of other specialities, practices which could be improved, and the competencies required to achieve this, in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes.
The changing face of an epidemic: healthy old age with HIV
Authors: Nugent DB , Chowdhury M , Waters LJ
Published: September 2017

The demographics of the HIV epidemic in the UK have changed significantly. Owing to a steady rate of new diagnoses and improved survival, the population of individuals living with HIV continues to increase. HIV is now widely considered to be a chronic condition and HIV-positive individuals are expected to live into old age. Increasing rates of age-related comorbidities challenge HIV care providers to deliver durable viral suppression, ensure long-term adherence to antiretroviral treatment and promote wellbeing into old age. High rates of mental health disorders and social stigma continue to have a negative impact on the quality of life of people living with HIV. Models of care must adapt to this evolving epidemic.
What do doctors and nurses think about development of clinical leadership?
Authors: Lo David , Till Alex , McKimm Judy
Published: September 2017

Leadership development for health-care professionals is a priority within the NHS. Training is generally targeted at individual staff groups in isolation, even though contemporary leadership thinking recognizes the benefits of collaborative leadership between different clinical disciplines. Focussing on the attitudes and perceived training needs of undergraduate and qualified medical and nursing professionals, this article highlights the similarities and differences and will help to inform the design of existing and future leadership programmes.
Inspection: Preparing for Ofsted
Authors: David Anthony
Published: September 2017

With both of his schools having faced inspection last year, headteacher Anthony David will, in this three-part series, offer his advice on effectively handling the preparations, the inspection itself, and the aftermath. He begins with how to prepare for Ofsted…
Developing and retaining loyal aesthetic patients using a six-step process
Authors: Haycock Marcus
Published: September 2017

It is far easier to retain high-value patients than to attract new ones. So why do medical aesthetic practices tend to focus less on retention and more on recruitment strategies? Marcus Haycock shares some important steps clinic managers need to take to ensure they can retain their most valuable customers. He will also highlight how this leads to increased revenues and profitability in the long term
TXA for HEMS patients with suspected haemorrhage
Authors: Lawson Kristofer , Godfrey Phillip
Published: September 2017

Background:

Tranexamic Acid (TXA) has been shown by the CRASH-2 study to reduce the risk of death by bleeding. This evaluation assesses the use of TXA by the Great North Air Ambulance (GNAAS), and considers the individual patient outcomes in hospital, including the need for blood products and venous thromboembolism (VTE) rate.

Methods:

A service evaluation was performed with the analysis of patient outcome by the review of patient report forms over a 1-year period. Patients who received pre-hospital TXA were identified and further analysis of their outcomes was performed at the two receiving local major trauma centres.

Results:

106 patients received pre-hospital TXA, all within 3 hours. The majority (73%, n=77) had been involved in a road traffic collision. Thirty per cent (n=32) of patients also received a pre-hospital blood transfusion; 73% (n=58) were subsequently shown to have an injury severity score (ISS) ≥15, which traditionally defines major trauma. Six (6.3%) patients were later found to have a VTE (five pulmonary embolism and one deep-vein thrombosis) within 1 month of injury, although no patients died of VTE. Almost half of the patients received an in-hospital transfusion 45% (n= 45).

Conclusion:

TXA is a life-saving drug in the bleeding trauma patient, and within this study population, TXA was administered promptly and appropriately. A VTE incidence of 6.3% is in line with other literature, and there were no recorded deaths from VTE. TXA is available to pre-hospital clinicians across the UK, where the author believes its use should be encouraged.
Development of a framework for knowledge mobilisation and impact competencies
Authors: Bayley Julie Elizabeth , Phipps David , Batac Monica , Stevens Ed
Published: September 2017

For research to translate into impact, knowledge must be effectively mobilised beyond the academic domain. However, there is little consensus on the competencies (skills) required. This paper describes the development of a competency framework. Four existing knowledge broker frameworks were synthesised through a process of (1) extraction, (2) categorisation, (3) cleaning and (4) re-categorisation. A final set of 80 distinct, actively-phrased competencies in 11 categories was produced. This paper provides the first comprehensive framework for professional competences for impact beyond commercialisation. The potential applications, implications for competencies and associated competence alongside further research are discussed.
INFLUÊNCIA DO EQUIPAMENTO NA CINÉTICA DE CRISTALIZAÇÃO DO SORO CONCENTRADO
Authors: Simeão Moisés , Stephani Rodrigo , Tavares Guilherme Miranda , Carvalho Antônio Fernandes De , Schuck Pierre , Perrone Ítalo Tuler
Published: September 2017

O principal objetivo deste trabalho consistiu na determinação do efeito do tipo de cristalizador na eficiência da cristalização da lactose em soro de leite concentrado, utilizando dois equipamentos que dispõem de diferentes formas de agitação (tanque 1 – agitador central e tanque 2 – agitador periférico), mantendo as demais condições de cristalização constantes, como: taxa de resfriamento; temperatura; velocidade de agitação; tempo de cristalização e teor se sólidos solúveis por tratamento. A maior taxa de cristalização no soro concentrado foi obtida pelo emprego da agitação central [Tempo (min) = 0,1927 (% cristalização da lactose) + 21,681] e [Tempo (min) = -0,06 (ºBrix) + 51,233] sob a taxa de resfriamento de -0,34 ºC ± 0,05 ºC por minuto, durante a primeira hora e alcançando a temperatura de 25,8º ± 1,2 ºC após 4 horas. A agitação central promoveu as maiores taxas de cristalização em soro concentrado com 50 ºBrix, 55 ºBrix e 60 ºBrix. Observou-se que mudanças nas condições de cristalização do soro concentrado (em diferentes tanques) e no teor de sólidos solúveis implicam na obtenção de pós com diferentes propriedades de reidratação, de adesão e com teores distintos de lactose cristalizada, impactando na conservação durante o prazo de validade.
Pengembangan Alat Peraga Taktual Model Atom untuk Siswa Tunanetra Kelas VIII
Authors: Triningsih Wahyu , Winarti Winarti
Published: September 2017

The research purposes to (1) produce atomic model tactual props and material guidance of atomic model for blind student on eight grade, (2) know quality of atomic model tactual props and material guidance of atomic model for blind student on eight grade, (3) know student response toward atomic model tactual props and material guidance of atomic model for blind student on eight grade.This is a developmental research based on a procedural model. The development procedure is based on the development research procedure by Puslitjaknov Team that is adapted from Borg and Gallresearch procedure with development steps such as (1) doing product analysis that will be developed, (2) developing preliminary product, (3) experts validation and revision, (4) small scale field test and product revision, and (5) large scale field and final product. Collecting data technique by a non test research instruments are developed by such as validation sheet, appraisal sheet and student response. The analyzing data technique is done by changing the quantitative data into qualitative data.This research produced an atomic model tactual props and material guidance for blind student on eight grade. Based on the appraisal of media expert, material expert, teacher, atomic and students this prop has a very good quality.
Proses Pengembangan Tabel Periodik Unsur (TPU) Braille untuk Siswa Difabel Netra
Authors: Wardhani Nurma Setya , Suprihatiningrum Jamil
Published: September 2017

One of the challenging subjects in chemistry for students with visual impairment is the periodic table, known in bahasa Indonesia as SistemPeriodikUnsur ( SPU). The common method of teaching currently used for this subject is lecture, with occasional use of tactile demonstration where the teacher or lecturer describes the visual component by drawing the object on thestudent’s palm or back. In short, students with visual impairment learn the periodic tableby relying heavilyon their memory.Based on this teaching challenge, this developmental research undertakesthe development of a Braille version of the periodictable that will enable a blind student to properly learn chemistry. This Braille model is an accessible, tactual based learning tool that enables blind students to learn independently through experience.[Salah satu materi pembelajaran kimia yang termasuk sulit diajarkan kepada siswa difabel netra adalah materi Sistem Periodik Unsur (SPU). Guru menyampaikan materi SPU kepada siswa difabel netra dengan metode ceramah. Guru memperkenalkan berbagai unsur dalam susunan periodik dengan bercerita dan sesekali memberikan gambaran dengan rabaan pada tangan atau punggung. Oleh karena itu, siswa difabel netra hanya mengandalkan ingatan dalam mempelajari materi tersebut.Pengembangan TPU Braille untuk siswa difabel netra ini diharapkan dapat menjadi media bagi siswa difabel netra untuk belajar kimia dan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan siswa difabel netra akan media dan alat bantu. Pengembangan TPU Braille untuk siswa difabel netra memenuhi media yang assestive bagi siswa difabel netra yang bersifat taktual. Siswa difabel netra dapat belajar dengan pengalaman mereka sendiri dan tidak merasa diperlakukan berbeda diantara yang lain sehingga motivasi dalam belajar kimia siswa difabel netra dapat tumbuh meskipun dengan keterbatasan yang dimiliki.]
Pelayanan Publik dan Pemenuhan Hak Difabe: Studi tentang Layanan Pendidikan Inklusif Melalui Kasus Pemindahan Difabel dari Sekolah Reguler ke Sekolah Luar Biasa di Yogyakarta
Authors: Indriyany Ika Arinia
Published: September 2017

Indonesia’s constitution and legislation state that all Indonesiancitizens, including those with a disability, havea right to quality education. To meet this right, the government must ensure that every aspect of schooling and learning are accessible tostudentswith disabilities; however, this is not currentlythe case. Indeed, while inclusive education policy has been in place for years, its implementation is yet to be seen. For example, some children with disabilities are denied admission, while others continue to experience barriers to learning as schools are unable to meet their needs. The perception that disabled students belong only in special, segregated schools is still strongly held by the community, educational practitioners, and policy makers. As such, students with disabilities who register in inclusive schools are expected to meet certain qualifications. Should they fail to meet these requirements students are“returned” to special schools. Thispaper argues that such phenomenon demonstrates the government’s failure to meet its own mandateto ensure and protect the educational rights of persons with disabilities.[Pendidikan merupakan hak dasar bagi setiap warga negara Indonesia yang berada dalam usia wajib belajar, termasuk juga difabel (people with different ability). Negara idealnya mampu menyediakan layanan pendidikan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan difabel. Tidak hanya kebutuhan difabel yang harus diperhatikan tetapi juga bagaimana layanan pendidikan tersebut mampu menjamin hak-hak dari difabel dan yang terpenting adalah difabel mampu mengakses layanan pendidikan yang tersedia. Namun tidak jarang difabel mengalami kesulitan mengakses layanan pendidikan yang disediakan oleh negara dikarenakan kebutuhan mereka yang berbeda dengan non difabel. Akibatnya difabel banyak mengalami penolakan ketika ingin bersekolah di sekolah yang mereka inginkan, termasuk di sekolah reguler.Pemahaman yang berkembang adalah sekolah yang pantas bagi difabel hanyalah di sekolah luar biasa. Hal ini yang membuat difabel tak jarang di diskriminasi dalam dunia pendidikan. Kebijakan pendidikan inklusif yang awalnya didesain agar anak difabel dan non difabel mampu belajar bersama pun baik regulasi dan implementasinya masih jauh dari sempurna. Kebijakan pendidikan inklusif seharusnya dapat digunakan sebagai dasar kesetaraan pendidikan kenyataannya masih menerapkan syarat – syarat khusus agar difabel mampu diterima di sekolah reguler tersebut. Saat difabel tidak mampu lolos kualifikasi yang ditentukan maka dia tidak dapat diterima di sekolah inklusif tersebut dan dikembalikan ke sekolah luar biasa. Jika hal ini terjadi maka negara gagal menjamin pemenuhan hak pendidikan bagi difabel itu sendiri.]
Efficient synthesis of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles and their screening for antimicrobial activity
Authors: Shukla Kamlesh , Giri Bhoopander , Dwivede Rashmi
Published: September 2017

Now days, the development of safe, cost effective, reliable and eco-friendly processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles is an important aspect of nanotechnology. Among the various agents, plants show immense potential for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The bio-molecules found in plants induce reduction of Ag+ ions from silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); therefore, in the present work, the aqueous leaves extract of the plant was used as reducing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. We synthesized extracellular silver nanoparticles using extract of the leaves of four different medicinal plants which act as a reducing agent at room temperature. The characteristic color change was observed on addition of plant extract to the silver nitrate solution due to their specific properties (Surface Plasmon Resonance). UV-Vis spectroscopy was used for the characterization of the silver nanoparticles. Green synthesized nanoparticles are evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as two pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Curvularia lunata. The silver nanoparticles (SNPs) of selected plant parts have shown more toxicity towards bacterial species than that of the fungal species. Comparing with simple plant extracts, the SNPs exhibited greater antimicrobial efficacy and advantage over conventional antibiotics to which these microorganisms usually impart resistance.
Sirenomelia associated with hypoplastic left heart in a newborn
Authors: Turgut H , Ozdemir R , Gokce IK , Karakurt C , Karadag A
Published: September 2017

Sirenomelia, also known as “mermaid malformation/syndrome,” is a rare, serious congenital anomaly characterized by variable degrees of fusion of the lower limbs and associated with severe malformations of vertebral, genitourinary, cardiovascular system and single umbilical artery. The first pregnancy of a 25-year-old woman resulted in one twin born by Cesarian section at 32 weeks’ gestation, who was referred to our hospital with cyanosis, a congenital anomaly and respiratory distress. On physical examination, there was no urogenital region and anal fissure and gender was indeterminate. The arms were in adduction and wrist in flexion position with four fingers on the right hand and two fingers on the left hand. There was a single lower extremity with a webbed single foot and two toes consistent with sirenomelia type IV radiologically. Abdominal ultrasonography showed urogenital system agenesis and echocardiography detected hypoplastic left heart. However, the patient died 4 hours after birth. The other twin was followed for 1 week for nutrition and respiratory support and was then discharged without any problems.
Analysis of meiotic segregation patterns and interchromosomal effects in sperm from 13 robertsonian translocations
Authors: Wang B , Nie B , Tang D , Li R , Liu X , Song J , Wang W , Liu Z
Published: September 2017

The frequency of the Robertonian (ROB) translocation in newborn babies is approximately one in 1000. Robertsonian translocation is an unusual type of chromosome rearrangement caused by two particular chromosomes joining together. The aim of the study was to analyze the segregation of the ROB translocations in 13 male carriers, and to verify a possible inter-chromosomal effect (ICE) of the ROB translocation on chromosomes 18, X, and Y. Thirteen male patients were included in the study. Multicolor fluorescentin situhybridization (FISH) was used to analyze chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, 22, 18, X and Y in sperm. Among the heterozygous ROB translocation carriers, the frequency of normal/balanced spermatozoa resulting from alternate segregation varied between 70.4 and 85.2%. The frequency of unbalanced spermatozoa resulting from adjacent segregation varied between 14.8 and 29.6%. Increased frequencies of aneuploidy for a sex chromosome were found in 10 ROB translocation carriers (P2-P8, P10-P12). Increased frequencies of aneuploidy for chromosome 18 were found in10 ROB translocation carriers (P3-P9, P11-P13). In addition, increased frequencies of diploid were found in 11 ROB translocation carriers (P2-P9, P11-P13). Among the homozygous ROB translocation carriers, the rate of balanced spermatozoa was 99.7% and the frequency of unbalanced spermatozoa was 0.3%. However, the frequencies of aneuploidy for a sex chromosome and chromosome 18 were normal. Despite the high number of normal/balanced frequencies, there remained many unbalanced spermatozoa resulting from alternate segregation. The ROB translocation carriers may be at an increased risk for ICE. Robertsonian translocation homozygosity could be seen as a potential speciation in humans with 44 chromosomes.
X-autosome and X-Y translocations in female carriers: X-chromosome inactivation easily detectable by 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU)
Authors: Donat M , Louis A , Kreskowski K , Ziegler M , Weise A , Schreyer I , Liehr T
Published: September 2017

Here we report one new case each of an X-autosome translocation (maternally derived), and an X-Y-chromosome translocation. Besides characterizing the involved breakpoints and/or imbalances in detail by molecular cyto-genetics, also skewed X-chromosome inactivation was determined on single cell level using 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU). Thus, we confirmed that the recently suggested EdU approach can be simply adapted for routine diagnostic use. The latter is important, as only by knowing the real pattern of the skewed X-chromosome inactivation, correct interpretation of obtained results and subsequent reliable genetic counseling, can be done.
Factors Affecting Chinese Raters’ Rating of High-Stakes English Exam Essays
Authors: Jianlin Chen
Published: September 2017

This study consists of two questionnaire surveys conducted in two stages to investigate factors that high-stakes exam essay raters believe to affect their rating behavior. Raters were all university Chinese teachers of English majors. Seventy-three participants in stage one and 75 in stage two responded to the same questionnaire. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used in data analysis. Results showed that there were generally six broad factors interfering with the rating process: rating scale, rater training, rating supervision, rater characteristics, eye-catching text features and rating condition. The interaction of those factors reflected the tension between the constraints executed by the test institution and raters’ own knowledge and understanding of essay rating. This study may shed light on measures taken to improve essay rating quality.
Das plastische Rückenmark: funktionelle und strukturelle Plastizität bei der Chronifizierung von Schmerzen
Authors: Kuner Rohini
Published: September 2017

Chronischer Schmerz stellt eine große Herausforderung für die Medizin und die Grundlagenforschung dar. Periphere und zentrale nozizeptive Netzwerke zeigen eine erhebliche Plastizität bei pathologischen Krankheitsbildern. Krankheitsbedingte Plastizität kann sowohl auf struktureller als auch auf funktioneller Ebene stattfinden. Diese Veränderungen betreffen individuelle Moleküle, Synapsen, zelluläre Funktion und die Netzwerkaktivität. Die funktionelle Plastizität an der ersten Synapse der Schmerzbahn im spinalen Hinterhorn ist gut belegt. Aktuelle Studien haben auch den Mechanismus, der dem strukturellen Umbau spinaler synaptischer Dorne zugrunde liegt, aufgedeckt. Dieser Übersichtsartikel konzentriert sich auf Plastizitätsphänomene im Rückenmark in Modellen des chronischen Schmerzes und diskutiert deren molekulare Determinanten, funktionale Relevanz und potenziellen Beitrag zu existierenden wie auch neuartigen therapeutischen Konzepten.
Ursache der Phantomschmerzen: Eine dynamische Netzwerkperspektive
Authors: Flor Herta , Andoh Jamila
Published: September 2017

Funktionelle und strukturelle Plastizität in neuronalen Schaltkreisen kann aktiv zu chronischen Schmerzsymptomen beitragen. Die Veränderungen des Zentralnervensystems, die einer Amputation folgen, sind besonders eindrückliche Beispiele der Plastizität des Gehirns. Solche plastischen Veränderungen resultieren aus der kombinierten sensomotorischen Deprivation und intensiven Verhaltensänderungen. Dies beinhaltet sowohl die Aufnahme von kompensatorischen motorischen Fähigkeiten als auch die Bewältigung einer chronischen Schmerzstörung (Phantomschmerz), der eine häufige Folge einer Amputation ist. In diesem Übersichtsartikel diskutieren wir die neusten Befunde zu funktionellen Veränderungen und Neuorganisation in nozizeptiven Bahnen und integrieren die Analysen aus Untersuchungen an Menschen auf mehreren Ebenen. Wir diskutieren wie funktionelle Veränderungen mit Schmerzsymptomen interagieren, nicht nur lokal im primär somatosensorischen Kortex, sondern auf der Netzwerkebene, in die sowohl spinale als auch zerebrale Regionen des nozizeptiven und Schmerznetzwerks eingebunden sind. Zusätzlich ist es wichtig festzustellen, dass Änderungen in der Funktion von neuronalen Netzwerken auch durch veränderten peripheren Input moduliert werden. Diese zentralen Netzwerke sind dynamisch und sind von verschiedenen psychologischen Faktoren wie Depression oder Angst, Lernprozessen, Prothesennutzung oder Nutzung des intakten Gliedes beeinflusst. Wir postulieren, dass zentrale und periphere Faktoren auf dynamische Weise interagieren und die Phantomerfahrung kreieren.
The plastic spinal cord: functional and structural plasticity in the transition from acute to chronic pain
Authors: Kuner Rohini
Published: September 2017

Chronic pain is a major health problem and a challenge to clinical practice and basic science. Various avenues in the somatosensory nociceptive pathway undergo extensive plasticity in pathological disease states. Disease-induced plasticity spans various levels of complexity, ranging from individual molecules, synapses, cellular function and network activity, and is characterized not only by functional changes, but also by structural reorganisation. Functional plasticity has been well-studied at the first synapse in the pain pathway in the spinal dorsal horn, and recent studies have also uncovered mechanisms underlying structural remodeling of spinal synaptic spines. This review will focus on plasticity phenomena in the spinal cord observed in chronic pain models and discuss their molecular determinants, functional relevance and potential towards contributing to existing as well as novel therapeutic concepts.
Origin of phantom limb pain: A dynamic network perspective
Authors: Flor Herta , Andoh Jamila
Published: September 2017

Functional and structural plasticity in neural circuits may actively contribute to chronic pain. Changes in the central nervous system following limb amputation are one of the most remarkable evidences of brain plasticity.Such plastic changes result from combined sensorimotor deprivation with intense behavioral changes, including both acquisition of compensatory motor skills and coping with a chronic pain condition (phantom limb pain), which is a common consequence after amputation. This review aims to discuss the latest insights on functional changes and reorganization in nociceptive pathways, integrating analyses in human patients across several scales. Importantly, we address how functional changes interrelate with pain symptoms, not only locally within the primary somatosensory cortex but at a network-level including both spinal and cerebral areas of the nociceptive and pain networks. In addition, changes in the function of neurons and neural networks related to altered peripheral input are dynamic and influenced by psychological factors such as learning, prosthesis usage or frequency of use of the intact limb as well as comorbidity with anxiety and depression. We propose that both central and peripheral factors interact in a dynamic manner and create the phantom pain experience.
On the Impact of Wind Feed-in and Interconnections on Electricity Price in Germany
Authors: Benhmad Francois , Percebois Jacques
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we explore carry out an empirical analysis for Germany, as a country with high penetration of wind energy, to investigate the interaction between the well-known merit-order effect, i.e., falling spot price levels as well as highly fluctuating spot prices and the European electricity grids inteconnections,i.e., market coupling.Our main empirical findings suggest that wind power in-feed decreases electricity spot price level but increases spot prices volatility. Furthermore, the relationship between wind power and spot electricity prices can be strongly impacted by European electricity grids interconnection which behaves like a safety valve lowering volatility and limiting the price decrease. Therefore, the impacts of wind generated electricity on electricity spot markets areless clearly pronounced in interconnected systems