bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objective evaluation of the Global Environmental Multiscale Model (GEM) with precipitation and temperature for Iran
Authors: Mohammadlou Mohammad , Bahremand Abdolreza , Princz Daniel , Kinar Nicholas , Haghnegahdar Amin , Razavi Saman
Published: May 2022

The Global Environmental Multiscale Model (GEM) is currently in operational use for data assimilation and forecasting at 25–15 km scales; regional 10 km scales over North America; and 2.5 km scales over Canada. To evaluate the GEM model for forecasting applications in Iran, global daily temperature and precipitation outputs of GEM at a 25 km scale were compared to data sets from hydrometeorological stations and the De Martonne climate classification method was used to demarcate climate zones for comparisons. GEM model outputs were compared to observations in each of these zones. The results show good agreement between GEM outputs and measured daily temperatures with Kling‐Gupta efficiencies of 0.76 for the arid, 0.71 for the semiarid, and 0.78 for the humid regions. There is also an agreement between GEM outputs and measured annual precipitation with differences of 50% for the arid, 36% for the semiarid, and 15% for the humid region. There is a ~13% systematic difference between the elevation of stations and the average elevation of corresponding GEM grid cells; differences in elevation associated with forcing data sets can be potentially corrected using environmental lapse rates. Compared with hydrometeorological data sets, the GEM model precipitation outputs are less accurate than temperature outputs, and this may influence the accuracy of potential Iranian forecasting operations utilizing GEM. The results of this study provide an understanding of the operation and limitations of the GEM model for climate change and hydro‐climatological studies.
Parent report of child behaviour: Findings from the Flint Registry cohort
Authors: Jones Nicole , Dannis Jacqueline , O'Connell Lauren , LaChance Jenny , LeWinn Kaja , Hanna‐Attisha Mona
Published: May 2022

Background

Children in Flint, Michigan, have multiple risk factors for behavioural challenges, including exposure to lead during the Flint water crisis. However, their behavioural health status is largely unknown. Robust data from the Flint Registry can help understand the burden of behavioural outcomes and inform the allocation of resources.

Objectives

This population‐level evaluation of Flint children's behavioural outcomes aims to answer the question: What is the burden of parent‐reported child behaviour problems in Flint Registry enrolled children?

Methods

This cross‐sectional study describes parent‐reported behavioural outcomes of children 2–17 years old who enrolled in the Flint Registry between December 2018 and December 2020. Parents/guardians completed behavioural assessments including the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC‐3) Parent Rating Scale and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF2) Screening Parent Form. Demographics of enrolees were compared with census data. Composite BASC‐3 T scores were compared with national norms. Distributions for clinically relevant categories of BASC‐3 and BRIEF2 scores were examined across age and sex groups.

Results

Of the 3579 children included in this study (mean age 9.73 ± 3.96 years), about half were female and 79.7% were eligible for free or reduced‐price lunch. Almost half of the children were reported to have clinically concerning scores on the BASC‐3 Parent Rating Scale (44.7%) and the BRIEF2 Screening Parent Form (46.7%). Across most age and sex groupings, the reported adaptive skills were relatively low and behaviour symptoms relatively high.

Conclusions

Results reveal a substantial burden of parent‐reported behavioural problems in Flint Registry children. This is clinically significant and indicates that a large number of children may require comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and potential medical and/or educational services. Recognising the potential for long‐term manifestations of childhood exposures to environmental hazards, longitudinal surveillance is critical to continue to identify and support participants.
Decisions and mechanisms of intergroup bias in children's third‐party punishment
Authors: Gonzalez‐Gadea María Luz , Dominguez Antonella , Petroni Agustin
Published: May 2022

Children tend to punish norm transgressions, even when they are mere external observers—a phenomenon known as Third‐Party Punishment (TPP). This behavior is influenced by intergroup bias, as children unevenly punish ingroup and outgroup members. Here, we explored the influence of intergroup bias in TPP decisions in children between six and 11 years of age (N = 124) using costly versus non‐costly decisions while measuring response times as a proxy of the mechanisms underlying intergroup bias in TPP. Our results showed that children exhibited two types of intergroup biases: (i) an ingroup policing bias, as they preferentially punished selfish behavior from ingroup members, and (ii) an ingroup protectionism bias, as they were more willing to punish selfishness directed at ingroup members than outgroup members. We observed different developmental trajectories and mechanisms associated with these biases. First, while ingroup protectionism was present in all children, ingroup policing decreases with age and it was absent in children between 10 and 11 years of age. Second, both intergroup biases were associated with deliberative/conflictive processes. These results shed light on the mechanisms that underlie the development of intergroup bias in TPP decisions.
Advanced abdominal pregnancy: challenges, update and review of current management
Authors: McDougall Anna , Morin Amelie , Kuzmich Tatsiana , Odejinmi Funlayo
Published: May 2022

Key content

Although extremely rare, advanced abdominal pregnancy (AAP) is associated with considerable maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. However, when diagnosed early and managed appropriately, it is possible to have successful outcomes.

There are no specific criteria to diagnose AAP and it may be missed on ultrasound. Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for evaluating placental implantation and preoperative planning.

Management depends on the gestational age at diagnosis, with consideration of termination, preterm delivery and conservative management until further fetal maturation.

Multidisciplinary preoperative planning is paramount for optimal outcome. Delivery is recommended in a tertiary centre with access to interventional radiology.

Management of the placenta depends on the degree of penetration and the organ in which it embeds. Where the risk of removal increases the risk of maternal morbidity, it may be left in situ.

Learning objectives

To outline the classification of AAP.

To understand the diagnostic challenges and the role of imaging in preoperative assessment.

To describe the different management options and associated ethical issues.

Ethical issues

There is no established guidance for the diagnosis and management of AAP.

AAP requires careful evaluation when deciding whether to terminate the pregnancy or provide expectant management.

Informed consent requires acknowledgement of the considerable risks.
Genetic analysis of resistance to bean leaf crumple virus identifies a candidate LRR‐RLK gene
Authors: Ariza‐Suarez Daniel , Keller Beat , Spescha Anna , Aparicio Johan Steven , Mayor Victor , Portilla‐Benavides Ana Elizabeth , Buendia Hector Fabio , Bueno Juan Miguel , Studer Bruno , Raatz Bodo
Published: May 2022

Bean leaf crumple virus (BLCrV) is a novel begomovirus (family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus) infecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), threatening bean production in Latin America. Genetic resistance is required to ensure yield stability and reduce the use of insecticides, yet the available resistance sources are limited. In this study, three common bean populations containing a total of 558 genotypes were evaluated in different yield and BLCrV resistance trials under natural infection in the field. A genome‐wide association study identified the locus BLC7.1 on chromosome Pv07 at 3.31 Mbp, explaining 8 to 16% of the phenotypic variation for BLCrV resistance. In comparison, whole‐genome regression models explained 51 to 78% of the variation and identified the same region on Pv07 to confer resistance. The most significantly associated markers were located within the gene model Phvul.007G040400, which encodes a leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase subfamily III member and is likely to be involved in the innate immune response against the virus. The allelic diversity within this gene revealed five different haplotype groups, one of which was significantly associated with BLCrV resistance. As the same genome region was previously reported to be associated with resistance against other geminiviruses affecting common bean, our study highlights the role of previous breeding efforts for virus resistance in the accumulation of positive alleles against newly emerging viruses. In addition, we provide novel diagnostic single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers for marker‐assisted selection to exploit BLC7.1 for breeding against geminivirus diseases in one of the most important food crops worldwide.
CT can identify characteristic features of hypaxial muscle abscesses in dogs due to presumed migrating vegetal foreign material as well as additional changes along the migratory tract in other anatomic regions
Authors: Hennessey Erin , Cassel Nicky , Nuth Ellie , Biller David
Published: May 2022

Hypaxial muscle abscess is an important differential in dogs presenting for abdominal or back pain, lameness, and nonspecific signs like fever, lethargy, and hyporexia. It can occur concurrently with intrathoracic disease such as pyothorax secondary to migrating vegetal foreign material. Twelve dogs that underwent CT of the lumbar spine or abdomen and had a diagnosed hypaxial abscess on surgical and/or microbiological examination were included in this retrospective, descriptive case series. Computed tomography findings and findings from other imaging modalities employed were described. Eleven dogs were hunting breeds. Clinical signs included lethargy, fever, increased respiratory effort, and abdominal or back pain. Radiography and/or ultrasonography were employed during preliminary work up at clinician discretion and respectively revealed changes consistent with osteomyelitis in the cranial lumbar vertebrae and heterogenous, hypoechoic areas in the hypaxial musculature consistent with abscesses. Computed tomography findings included enlargement of hypaxial muscles with well‐defined fluid attenuating noncontrast enhancing areas with a contrast‐enhancing rim consistent with abscesses, periosteal reaction and lysis of vertebrae, and retroperitoneal effusion. Four of the 12 cases in this series had material identified and removed at surgery. The other eight cases were presumed to be the same disease process based on compatible signalment, imaging findings, and microbiological results. Migrating vegetal foreign bodies are a common problem at the authors’ institution. Computed tomography provided expedient, thorough visualization of the relevant hypaxial lesions for diagnostic and surgical planning purposes and also characterized intrathoracic components of this disease.
Echolocation click discrimination for three killer whale ecotypes in the Northeastern Pacific
Authors: Leu Amanda A. , Hildebrand John A. , Rice Ally , Baumann-Pickering Simone , Frasier Kaitlin E.
Published: May 2022

Three killer whale ecotypes are found in the Northeastern Pacific: residents, transients, and offshores. These ecotypes can be discriminated in passive acoustic data based on distinct pulsed call repertoires. Killer whale acoustic encounters for which ecotypes were assigned based on pulsed call matching were used to characterize the ecotype-specific echolocation clicks. Recordings were made using seafloor-mounted sensors at shallow (∼120 m) and deep (∼1400 m) monitoring locations off the coast of Washington state. All ecotypes' echolocation clicks were characterized by energy peaks between 12 and 19 kHz, however, resident clicks featured sub peaks at 13.7 and 18.8 kHz, while offshore clicks had a single peak at 14.3 kHz. Transient clicks were rare and were characterized by lower peak frequencies (12.8 kHz). Modal inter-click intervals (ICIs) were consistent but indistinguishable for resident and offshore killer whale encounters at the shallow site (0.21–0.22 s). Offshore ICIs were longer and more variable at the deep site, and no modal ICI was apparent for the transient ecotype. Resident and offshore killer whale ecotype may be identified and distinguished in large passive acoustic datasets based on properties of their echolocation clicks, however, transient echolocation may be unsuitable in isolation as a cue for monitoring applications.
Unleashing the Power of Athlete Leadership Groups: Strategies Perceived to Leverage the Potential of Shared Leadership in Professional Football Teams
Authors: Haddad Gina , O’Connor Donna , Burns Kellie
Published: May 2022

Coaches of professional sports teams frequently adopt athlete leadership groups in their quest to gain a competitive advantage. Although the benefits of shared leadership approaches are well established, the sharing of leadership with athletes is never straightforward with little in the way of guidelines to assist coaches with this process. The current study provides insight into the strategies perceived to leverage the strengths of this shared leadership approach in professional football teams. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 coaches and 14 athlete-leaders from 17 professional teams, across four football leagues. An inductive thematic analysis generated five high-order themes: (a) player-owned team values and behaviors linked to accountability, (b) player-driven values-based athlete leadership group selection, (c) authentic and appropriate empowerment, (d) strong intrateam relationships, and (e) expert facilitation and dedicated leadership development support. Results illustrate teams are more likely to realize the potential of athlete leadership groups when coaches pay careful attention to the preparedness, social identity-based group influence processes, expert facilitation, and ongoing leadership development support required for shared leadership. Findings suggest that establishing high levels of trust and progressively and authentically empowering athlete-leaders within clearly defined parameters based on a mutually agreed behavioral framework may mitigate risks commonly associated with player empowerment-based leadership models.
The Relationship Between Usual Daily Physical Activity With Serum Markers Related to Bone Metabolism and Demographic Characteristics in Postmenopausal Women Aged 50–65 Years
Authors: Azimi-Shomali Saeedollah , Farshbaf-Khalili Azizeh , Eslamian Fariba , Dolatkhah Neda , Ghassab-Abdollahi Nafiseh
Published: May 2022

Background: Bone turnover markers can predict subsequent changes in bone status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between usual daily physical activity (PA) with bone markers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years in Tabriz-Iran in 2018. The women were recruited by a simple random method. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess PA. The laboratory tests of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus were also used to examine bone function. Results: The education, income, employment status, sun exposure, and history of exercise were significantly correlated with PA. Among reproductive characteristics, only menopausal age showed a significant relationship with total PA levels (r = .285, P = .048). None of the anthropometric indices showed a statistically significant relationship with total PA. Serum calcium (r = −.242) and phosphorus (r = −.045) levels showed negative and inverse relationships with total PA. The intensity of this association was statistically significant only for the calcium (β = −0.108, 95% confidence interval, −0.117 to 0.098; P = .023). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (r = .007) and alkaline phosphatase (r = .046) were directly and positively but nonsignificantly correlated to the intensity of total PA. Conclusion: Usual daily physical activity with any levels has no effect on bone markers except for calcium. Despite of the beneficial effects of PA, our findings showed that usual daily physical activity without increasing total PA cannot affect bone health. For maximal effects of PA on bone health, it seems that a degree of intensity, continuity, and regularity of PA programs should be considered to stimulate bone formation.
Ultrafast water permeation through nanochannels with a densely fluorous interior surface
Authors: Itoh Yoshimitsu , Chen Shuo , Hirahara Ryota , Konda Takeshi , Aoki Tsubasa , Ueda Takumi , Shimada Ichio , Cannon James J. , Shao Cheng , Shiomi Junichiro , Tabata Kazuhito V. , Noji Hiroyuki , Sato Kohei , Aida Takuzo
Published: May 2022

Ultrafast water permeation in aquaporins is promoted by their hydrophobic interior surface. Polytetrafluoroethylene has a dense fluorine surface, leading to its strong water repellence. We report a series of fluorous oligoamide nanorings with interior diameters ranging from 0.9 to 1.9 nanometers. These nanorings undergo supramolecular polymerization in phospholipid bilayer membranes to form fluorous nanochannels, the interior walls of which are densely covered with fluorine atoms. The nanochannel with the smallest diameter exhibits a water permeation flux that is two orders of magnitude greater than those of aquaporins and carbon nanotubes. The proposed nanochannel exhibits negligible chloride ion (Cl
–
) permeability caused by a powerful electrostatic barrier provided by the electrostatically negative fluorous interior surface. Thus, this nanochannel is expected to show nearly perfect salt reflectance for desalination.
Islatravir Has a High Barrier to Resistance and Exhibits a Differentiated Resistance Profile from Approved Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
Authors: Diamond Tracy L. , Ngo Winnie , Xu Min , Goh Shih Lin , Rodriguez Silveria , Lai Ming-Tain , Asante-Appiah Ernest , Grobler Jay A.
Published: May 2022

Islatravir (ISL) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor (NRTTI) that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcription by blocking reverse transcriptase (RT) translocation on the primer:template. ISL is being developed for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
A Novel Small RNA, DsrO, in Deinococcus radiodurans Promotes Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase (
msrA
) Expression for Oxidative Stress Adaptation
Authors: Chen Yun , Zhao Mingming , Lv Mengli , Lin Min , Wang Jin , Zuo Kaijing
Published: May 2022

The repair of oxidized proteins is an indispensable function allowing the extremophile
D. radiodurans
to grow in adverse environments. Msr proteins and various oxidoreductases can reduce oxidized Cys and Met amino acid residues of damaged proteins to recover protein function.
Rb-E2F-HDAC Repressor Complexes Control Interferon-Induced Repression of Adenovirus To Promote Persistent Infection
Authors: Snaider Sydney , Zheng Yueting , Hearing Patrick
Published: May 2022

Adenoviruses are ubiquitous viruses infecting more than 90% of the human population. HAdVs cause persistent infections that may lead to serious complications in immunocompromised patients.
Pathobiology of an NS1-Truncated H3N2 Swine Influenza Virus Strain in Pigs
Authors: Vandoorn Elien , Stadejek Wojciech , Parys Anna , Chepkwony Sharon , Chiers Koen , Van Reeth Kristien
Published: May 2022

Swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) with a truncated NS1del126 protein were strongly attenuated in previous laboratory-based safety studies and therefore approved for use as LAIVs for swine in the United States. In the field, however, the LAIV strains were detected in diagnostic samples and could regain a wild-type NS1 via reassortment with endemic swIAVs.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Paenibacillus
sp. Strain L3-i20, Isolated from Soil in Japan
Authors: Morita Daichi , Yamano Yoshi , Sugimoto Sachiko , Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Kuroda Teruo
Published: May 2022

This study describes the draft genome sequence of
Paenibacillus
sp. strain L3-i20, obtained from an assembly of long reads and subsequently polished using short reads. The draft genome comprises a 5,308,756-bp chromosome with a GC content of 41.6% and no plasmids.
Draft Genome Sequence of Campylobacter jejuni ST-508 Strain Shizu21005, Isolated from an Asymptomatic Food Handler in Japan, 2021
Authors: Ogawa Aya , Nagaoka Hiromi , Asakura Hiroshi
Published: May 2022

Here, we report a draft genome sequence of
Campylobacter jejuni
strain Shizu21005, isolated from a food handler with no symptoms in Japan on March 2021. Its genome size was 1,656,785 bp, with 2 rRNAs, 35 tRNAs, and a coverage of 330×.
Complete Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 365, a Soil Bacterium of Agricultural and Industrial Importance
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Ujor Victor C.
Published: May 2022

We report the complete genome sequence of
Paenibacillus polymyxa
DSM 365. The genome consists of a 5,788,318-bp chromosome, with a GC content of 45.48%. Annotation of the genome revealed a total of 5,246 genes (average length, 943 bp). Gene function analysis indicated the ability to fix nitrogen (N
2
) and to produce value-added chemicals.
Genome Sequence of Campylobacter Strain 19-13652, Isolated from Breeding Pheasants
Authors: Peruzzo Arianna , Losasso Carmen , Di Castri Adriana , Drigo Ilenia , Bano Luca , Orsini Massimiliano
Published: May 2022

We report the whole-genome sequence of a
Campylobacter
strain that was isolated from breeding pheasants presenting “bulgy eyes” in Italy. Traditional molecular typing methods did not return any reliable result. Whole-genome sequencing and sequence comparison with known genomes did not meet the criteria for assignment to an existing species.
Genomic Features of High-Level Gentamicin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Strain LREF-1 from India
Authors: Mudaliar Yogesh , Ahmed Afrah Shenaz , K.P. Nehaa , Raj Marquess , J. Meera , Elangovan Elavarashi , Perumal Kumar
Published: May 2022

Enterococcus faecalis
strain LREF-1 was isolated from a urine sample from India; it belongs to sequence type 28 (ST28), which is associated with nosocomial infections. The strain carries genes for resistance to multiple antibiotics and resistance to various drug classes, including tetracycline, erythromycin, and high-level gentamicin, along with virulence factors.
Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Intragenus Variability in Rhizobacterial Associations with
Brassica rapa
Growth
Authors: Klasek Scott A. , Brock Marcus T. , Calder W. John , Morrison Hilary G. , Weinig Cynthia , Maïgnien Lois
Published: May 2022

The rhizosphere, the zone of soil surrounding plant roots, is a hot spot for microbial activity, hosting bacteria capable of promoting plant growth in ways like increasing nutrient availability or fighting plant pathogens. This microbial system is highly diverse and most bacteria are unculturable, so to identify specific bacteria associated with plant growth, we used culture-independent community DNA sequencing combined with machine learning techniques.
Temporal Dynamics of the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome and its Relationship with Childhood Asthma Exacerbation
Authors: Hou Jinpao , Song Yuping , Leung Agnes Sze Yin , Tang Man Fung , Shi Mai , Wang Evy Yiwei , Tsun Joseph Gar Shun , Chan Renee Wan Yi , Wong Gary Wing Kin , Tsui Stephen Kwok-Wing , Leung Ting Fan
Published: May 2022

Evidence on the dynamic changes of NPM in asthmatic patients remains limited. Here, we present that asthmatic NPMs deviating from a healthy status still showed resilience after disturbance.
Rapid Identification of Bacillus anthracis
In Silico
and On-Site Using Novel Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Authors: Lyu Yufei , Wang Dongshu , Yuan Lu , Feng Erling , Zhu Li , Pan Chao , Guo Yan , Liu Xiankai , Wang Hengliang
Published: May 2022

Bacillus anthracis
is the etiologic agent of anthrax, a fatal disease and a potential biothreat. A specific, accurate, and rapid method is urgently required for the identification of
B. anthracis
. We demonstrate the potential of using eight novel SNPs for the rapid and accurate detection of
B. anthracis
via
in silico
and laboratory-based testing methods. Our findings have important implications for public health responses to disease outbreaks and bioterrorism threats.
Correlation between South China and India and development of double rift systems in the South China–India Duo during late Neoproterozoic time
Authors: Liu Bingbing , Peng Touping , Fan Weiming , Zhao Guochun , Gao Jianfeng , Dong Xiaohan , Peng Shili , Wu Limin , Peng Bingxia
Published: May 2022

South China, India, and their derivative blocks preserve many similar magmatic and sedimentary records related to the tectonic transition from Rodinia to Gondwana. They provide crucial insights into not only the paleogeographic correlation between them but also the geodynamic mechanism for such a transition. Our new results, combined with published data from these blocks, reveal that South China remained linked with India at least from ca. 830 Ma to ca. 510 Ma and formed the South China–India Duo, which is located at the western margin of Rodinia. The identical magmatism and sedimentation reflect that double late Neoproterozoic rift systems in the South China–India Duo developed owing to the rollback of subducting oceanic slab beneath them. For example, an intracontinental rift developed along the Jiangnan–Aravalli–Delhi fold belt, which separated the Yangtze-Marwar block from the Cathaysia-Bundelkhand block. Another intra-arc rift developed contemporaneously along the northern and western margins of the Yangtze block, through the Marwar terrane of western India, and then into the Seychelles and Madagascar terranes. Such an intra-arc rift is the most feasible explanation for the common development of coeval arclike and extension-related magmatic rocks and extensional sedimentary sequences on the western margin of the South China–India Duo, in Seychelles and Madagascar, and even at other subduction zones. South China was finally separated from Indian Gondwana at ca. 510 Ma due to the opening of the Proto-Tethys Ocean.
Permeability of subducted oceanic crust revealed by eclogite-facies vugs
Authors: Angiboust Samuel , Raimondo Tom
Published: May 2022

We report the finding of rare eclogite-facies vugs forming millimeter- to centimeter-sized pockets in meta-ophiolites from the western European Alps. Euhedral garnet crystals covering the vug walls display oscillatory chemical zoning for a wide range of major and trace elements, including Cr, Mn, and rare earth elements. Thermodynamic modeling revealed that closed-system fluid production through the breakdown of prograde glaucophane, lawsonite, and chlorite between 505 °C and 525 °C can successfully explain porosity creation of ~4% and the mineralogical properties of the vugs. Available geologic and geochronologic constraints indicate that the eclogitization of the downgoing mafic crust spanned a window of at least 1 m.y. These observations can only be explained by the presence of extremely low permeability values (<10−22 m2) to keep the fluid confined at the meter scale within vugs on such time scales. Our field-based report of eclogite porosity provides the first in situ confirmation of previous experimental data and geophysical estimates on active margins. A substantial amount of fluid trapped in this porosity may be carried deeper than expected into Earth's mantle, with implications for volatile recycling budgets.
Mechanical characterization of Al7075 reinforced with borosilicate powder
Authors: Ayyandurai M. , Mohan B.
Published: May 2022

Our study examined a novel composite material for marine applications. The matrix for the composite was aluminium alloy 7075 (Al7075), the properties of which include good durability, specific strength, and hardness. We investigated the mechanical properties and behaviour of the alloy matrix when combined with borosilicate powder as reinforcement. The composite was prepared by stir casting the Al7075 with specific weight percentages of nano-borosilicate. The performance of the composite was evaluated via analysis of the microstructure (SEM) and mechanical behaviour. The results from our Vickers microhardness tests showed that increasing the levels of nano-borosilicate from 2 to 8 volume percent increased the hardness of the composite.
A dispersive analysis of $$\varvec{\eta '\rightarrow \pi ^+\pi ^-\gamma }$$ and $$\varvec{\eta '\rightarrow \ell ^+\ell ^-\gamma }$$
Authors: Holz Simon , Hanhart Christoph , Hoferichter Martin , Kubis Bastian
Published: May 2022

We present a dispersive representation of the $$\eta '$$

η
′

transition form factor that allows one to account, in a consistent way, for the effects of $$\rho $$
ρ
–$$\omega $$
ω
mixing in both the isoscalar and the isovector contributions. Using this formalism, we analyze recent data on $$\eta '\rightarrow \pi ^+\pi ^-\gamma $$

η
′

→

π
+

π
-

γ

to constrain the isovector part of the form factor, individually and in combination with data for the pion vector form factor, which suggests a tension in the $$\rho $$
ρ
–$$\omega $$
ω
mixing parameter. As a first application, we use our results, in combination with the most recent input for the isoscalar part of the form factor, to predict the corresponding spectrum of $$\eta '\rightarrow \ell ^+\ell ^-\gamma $$

η
′

→

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

γ

, in particular we find the slope parameter $$b_{\eta '}=1.455(24)\,\text {GeV}^{-2}$$

b

η
′

=
1.455

(
24
)

GeV

-
2

. With forthcoming data on the latter process, our results establish the necessary framework to improve the evaluation of the $$\eta '$$

η
′

-pole contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon using experimental input from both $$\eta '$$

η
′

decay channels.
Jet broadening in the opacity and twist expansions
Authors: Clayton Hannah , Sievert Matthew D. , Horowitz W. A.
Published: May 2022

We compute the in-medium jet broadening $$\langle p_\perp ^2\rangle $$

⟨

p
⊥
2

⟩

to leading order in energy in the opacity expansion. At leading order in $$\alpha _s$$

α
s

the elastic energy loss gives a jet broadening that grows with $$\ln E$$

ln
E

. The next-to-leading order in $$\alpha _s$$

α
s

result is a jet narrowing, due to destructive LPM interference effects, that grows with $$\ln ^2 E$$

ln
2

E

. We find that in the opacity expansion the jet broadening asymptotics are – unlike for the mean energy loss – extremely sensitive to the correct treatment of the finite kinematics of the problem; integrating over all emitted gluon transverse momenta leads to a prediction of jet broadening rather than narrowing. We compare the asymptotics from the opacity expansion to a recent twist-4 derivation of $$\langle p_\perp ^2\rangle $$

⟨

p
⊥
2

⟩

and find a qualitative disagreement: the twist-4 derivation predicts a jet broadening rather than a narrowing. Comparison with current jet measurements cannot distinguish between the broadening or narrowing predictions. We comment on the origin of the difference between the opacity expansion and twist-4 results.
Supersymmetric gradient flow in $$\mathcal{N}=1$$ SYM
Authors: Kadoh Daisuke , Ukita Naoya
Published: May 2022

The gradient flow equation is derived in four-dimensional $$\mathcal{N}=1$$

N
=
1

supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory in terms of the component field of the Wess–Zumino gauge. We show that the flow-time derivative and supersymmetry transformation that is naively extended to 4+1 dimensions by replacing the four-dimensional fields with the corresponding flowed fields commute with each other up to a gauge transformation. In this sense, the obtained flow is supersymmetric in the Wess–Zumino gauge. We also discuss more about the symmetry of the flow equation.
Kaniadakis holographic dark energy and cosmology
Authors: Drepanou Niki , Lymperis Andreas , Saridakis Emmanuel N. , Yesmakhanova Kuralay
Published: May 2022

We construct a holographic dark energy scenario based on Kaniadakis entropy, which is a generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy that arises from relativistic statistical theory and is characterized by a single parameter K which quantifies the deviations from standard expressions, and we use the future event horizon as the Infrared cutoff. We extract the differential equation that determines the evolution of the effective dark energy density parameter, and we provide analytical expressions for the corresponding equation-of-state and deceleration parameters. We show that the universe exhibits the standard thermal history, with the sequence of matter and dark-energy eras, while the transition to acceleration takes place at $$z\approx 0.6$$

z
≈
0.6

. Concerning the dark-energy equation-of-state parameter we show that it can have a rich behavior, being quintessence-like, phantom-like, or experience the phantom-divide crossing in the past or in the future. Finally, in the far future dark energy dominates completely, and the asymptotic value of its equation of state depends on the values of the two model parameters.
Recent Advances in Researches on Vehicle Scanning Method for Bridges
Authors: Wang Z. L. , Yang Judy P. , Shi K. , Xu H. , Qiu F. Q. , Yang Y. B.
Published: May 2022

The vehicle scanning method (VSM), an indirect approach for bridge measurement, has attracted intensive attention since it was proposed by Yang and co-workers in 2004. This method is featured by the fact that no vibration sensors need to be mounted on the bridge, but only one or few vibration sensors are required on the test vehicle. Such an idea has been verified by the field tests, and then quickly extended to construction of mode shapes, identification of damping ratios, and detection of damages for bridges, among others. Compared with the conventional direct method that relies fully on the vibration responses recorded by sensors equipped on the bridge, the advantage of the indirect method is obvious: mobility, economy, and efficiency. Over the years, a rapidly growing number of research works have been conducted along the lines of the VSM for bridge measurement. Particularly, extensive lab experiments and field tests have been carried out worldwide to implement the VSM, resulting in numerous new findings. Moreover, while the technique is still flourishing, it is nourished by inclusion of modern devices such as smartphones, vehicular networks, and cloud. In 2018, a review paper was compiled by two of the authors. To reflect the recent rapid growth of research in this area since then, there exists a need to make an expansion to include the huge number of newly published papers (274 papers in total). As an extension of the 2018 paper, this paper represents a state-of-the-art review of the related researches conducted worldwide. Comments and recommendations will be made at proper places, while concluding remarks including future research directions will be presented at the end of the paper.
Elastic-Plastic Finite Element New Method for Lower Bound Shakedown Analysis
Authors: Zou Zongyuan , Liu Doudou , Song Chunyan , Jin Miao , Guo Baofeng , Zhang Hongsheng
Published: May 2022

Shakedown analysis methods have been well developed to determine the shakedown limit load of structures under various repeated loading situations. However, to take the limited kinematic hardening, geometric effect, and deformation into account, further research is required. A new numerical method is proposed for the lower bound shakedown analysis that applies the extended static shakedown theorem for limited kinematic hardening. The new method determines the shakedown limit load with two kinds of elastic-plastic finite element (FE) analyses: (1) the elastic-plastic loading and unloading analysis is carried out using the hardening model with the actual material parameters and (2) the elastic-perfectly plastic model with ultimate stress as the yield stress is used for the limit analysis. An incremental FE technique for finite strain plasticity is utilized to take the geometric effect into account. Furthermore, the deformation of the structure is monitored by checking the calculated deformation parameters. The method is applied to a square plate with a small central hole subjected to cyclic tensile load. The corresponding physical shakedown experiment of the above square plate was conducted for verification. The numerical result shows a good agreement with the experimental result. The new method provides a valid method for the structural lower bound shakedown analysis taking into account limited kinematic hardening, geometric effect, and deformation.
𝒲(ξ)-Gorenstein objects in extriangulated categories
Authors: Liu Songsong , Wei Jiaqun
Published: May 2022

We fix a proper class of [Formula: see text]-triangles [Formula: see text] in an extriangulated category [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a class of objects in [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] and all [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study [Formula: see text]-Gorenstein objects, and use the relative homological methods to show that the stability of the Gorenstein category [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we give some equivalent characterizations of [Formula: see text]-Gorenstein objects and finite [Formula: see text]-(co)resolution dimensions for any object in [Formula: see text]. As an application, we consider the equivalent characterizations of [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]projective objects, [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]projective dimension and their duals.
Groups with the same character degrees as almost simple Suzuki groups
Authors: Alavi Seyed Hassan , Daneshkhah Ashraf , Zafarabad Yazdan Momeni
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite group and [Formula: see text] denote the set of complex irreducible character degrees of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we prove that if [Formula: see text] is a finite group and [Formula: see text] is an almost simple group with socle [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to [Formula: see text].
Congruence-simple semirings without nilpotent elements
Authors: Kepka Tomáš , Korbelář Miroslav , Landsmann Günter
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we provide a classification of congruence-simple semirings with a multiplicatively absorbing element and without nontrivial nilpotent elements.
The groups Aut and Out of the fundamental group of a closed Sol 3-manifold
Authors: Gonçalves Daciberg Lima , Martins Sérgio Tadao
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be the fundamental group of a closed [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]-manifold. We describe the groups [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We first consider the case where [Formula: see text] is the fundamental group of a torus bundle, and then the case where [Formula: see text] is the fundamental group of a closed [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]-manifold which is not a torus bundle. The groups are described in terms of some iterated semidirect products of well-known groups, where one exception is for [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text], in which case [Formula: see text] is described as an extension and a presentation is given.
Elementary construction of minimal free resolutions of the Specht ideals of shapes (n − 2,2) and (d,d,1)
Authors: Shibata Kosuke , Yanagawa Kohji
Published: May 2022

For a partition [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the ideal of [Formula: see text] generated by all Specht polynomials of shape [Formula: see text]. We assume that [Formula: see text]. Then [Formula: see text] is Gorenstein, and [Formula: see text] is a Cohen–Macaulay ring with a linear free resolution. In this paper, we construct minimal free resolutions of these rings. Zamaere et al. [Jack polynomials as fractional quantum Hall states and the Betti numbers of the [Formula: see text]-equals ideal, Commun. Math. Phys. 330 (2014) 415–434] already studied minimal free resolutions of [Formula: see text], which are also Cohen–Macaulay, using highly advanced technique of the representation theory. However, we only use the basic theory of Specht modules, and explicitly describe the differential maps.
An Agent-Based Model for the Impact of Price Limit Changes on Market Quality
Authors: Xiong Xiong , Liu Jinchi , Yang Zonghang , Han Jiatong
Published: May 2022

This paper constructs an artificial stock market, especially the description of Chinese stocks to form a benchmark model of this paper. Then, we examine the relationships between price limit changes and market quality in the Chinese stock market. We set up five boards in the model and adopt the current price limits of the A-share market. In terms of experimental design, this paper adjusts the price limit to explore the path of the reform of the price limit. We also cancel the price limit to explore the necessity of price limits in China’s A-share market. After simulations, the experimental results of this paper show that relaxing the price limit will improve market quality. When we adjust the price limit from 10% to 20%, market volatility increases slightly, market liquidity increases and market pricing efficiency improves. When we cancel the price limit, market volatility increases significantly, market liquidity increases and market pricing efficiency decreases significantly. Our study shows that it is necessary to implement the price limit policy in the Chinese market, and a moderate relaxation of the price range will improve the quality of the market.
Experimental and Numerical Crushing Analysis of a Novel Multibody Thin-Walled Circular Tube Under Axial Impact Loading
Authors: Mozafari Amirhosein , Azarandaz Pouya , Darijani Hossein , Shahsavari Hamid
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the energy absorption behavior of a novel multibody circular tube is investigated based on the experimental and numerical methods. To achieve the best design for the segments, the bell-end circular tubes, a multi-objective optimization technique was implemented using Python and MATLAB with four various objective functions such as absorbed energy, mass, peak crush force, and average crush force. Moreover, an arrangement of these bell-end tubes as a multibody structure would decrease the total length, obtain less capacity usage, and have better crashworthiness characteristics. The results elucidate an enormous decrease in the peak crush force and an increase in specific absorbed energy in comparison with the thin-walled circular tubes having the same mass. Finally, the energy absorption behavior of the optimal multibody circular tube was tested and compared to the obtained numerical results in single and double forms.
Modeling the impact of awareness programs on the transmission dynamics of dengue and optimal control
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Wan Hui , Sun Mengfeng
Published: May 2022

In this work, we first propose a mathematical model to study the impact of awareness programs on dengue transmission. The basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] is derived. The existence and stability of equilibria are investigated. The uniform persistence is established when [Formula: see text] is larger than one. Our results suggest that awareness programs have significant impacts on dengue transmission dynamics although they cannot affect [Formula: see text]. When [Formula: see text] is less than one, awareness programs can shorten the prevailing time effectively. When [Formula: see text] is larger than one, awareness programs may destabilize the unique interior equilibrium and a stable periodic solution appears due to Hopf bifurcation. In particular, we find that the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation depends not only on the intensity of awareness programs but also on the level of [Formula: see text]. Besides, large fluctuations in the number of infected individuals caused by the stable periodic solution may bring pressure on limited medical resources. Therefore, different from intuitive ideas, blindly increasing the intensity of awareness programs is not necessarily conducive to control the transmission of dengue. The decision-making department should decide to adopt different publicity strategies according to the current level of [Formula: see text]. Finally, we consider the optimal control problem of the model and find the optimal control strategy corresponding to awareness programs by Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle. The results manifest that the optimal control strategy can effectively mitigate the transmission of dengue.
Stationary distribution and long-time behavior of COVID-19 model with stochastic effect
Authors: Gokila C. , Sambath M. , Balachandran K. , Ma Yong-Ki
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a dangerous pandemic and it spreads to many people in most of the world. In this paper, we propose a COVID-19 model with the assumption that it is affected by randomness. For positivity, we prove the global existence of positive solution and the system exhibits extinction under certain parametric restrictions. Moreover, we establish the stability region for the stochastic model under the behavior of stationary distribution. The stationary distribution gives the guarantee of the appearance of infection in the population. Besides that, we find the reproduction ratio [Formula: see text] for prevail and disappear of infection within the human population. From the graphical representation, we have validated the threshold conditions that define in our theoretical findings.
SpectraTr: A novel deep learning model for qualitative analysis of drug spectroscopy based on transformer structure
Authors: Fu Pengyou , Wen Yue , Zhang Yuke , Li Lingqiao , Feng Yanchun , Yin Lihui , Yang Huihua
Published: May 2022

The drug supervision methods based on near-infrared spectroscopy analysis are heavily dependent on the chemometrics model which characterizes the relationship between spectral data and drug categories. The preliminary application of convolution neural network in spectral analysis demonstrates excellent end-to-end prediction ability, but it is sensitive to the hyper-parameters of the network. The transformer is a deep-learning model based on self-attention mechanism that compares convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in predictive performance and has an easy-to-design model structure. Hence, a novel calibration model named SpectraTr, based on the transformer structure, is proposed and used for the qualitative analysis of drug spectrum. The experimental results of seven classes of drug and 18 classes of drug show that the proposed SpectraTr model can automatically extract features from a huge number of spectra, is not dependent on pre-processing algorithms, and is insensitive to model hyperparameters. When the ratio of the training set to test set is 8:2, the prediction accuracy of the SpectraTr model reaches 100% and 99.52%, respectively, which outperforms PLS_DA, SVM, SAE, and CNN. The model is also tested on a public drug data set, and achieved classification accuracy of 96.97% without pre-processing algorithm, which is 34.85%, 28.28%, 5.05%, and 2.73% higher than PLS_DA, SVM, SAE, and CNN, respectively. The research shows that the SpectraTr model performs exceptionally well in spectral analysis and is expected to be a novel deep calibration model after Autoencoder networks (AEs) and CNN.
Some remarks on the comparability of ideals in semirings
Authors: Behzadipour H. , Nasehpour P.
Published: May 2022

A semiring is uniserial if its ideals are totally ordered by inclusion. First, we show that a semiring [Formula: see text] is uniserial if and only if the matrix semiring [Formula: see text] is uniserial. As a generalization of valuation semirings, we also investigate those semirings whose prime ideals are linearly ordered by inclusion. For example, we prove that the prime ideals of a commutative semiring [Formula: see text] are linearly ordered if and only if for each [Formula: see text], there is a positive integer [Formula: see text] such that either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. Then, we introduce and characterize pseudo-valuation semidomains. It is shown that prime ideals of pseudo-valuation semidomains and also of the divided ones are linearly ordered.