bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic markers in sheep breeding
Authors: Goncharenko G. M. , Khamiruev T. N. , Dashinimaev S. M. , Khoroshilova T. S. , Halina O. L. , Soloshenko V. A. , Ermolaev V. I. , Kochnev N. N.
Published: January 2024

The priority direction in developing domestic sheep breeding is the creation of new and improved breeding forms that combine high meat and wool productivity rates with good adaptive qualities to breeding conditions. In Russia, 404.2 thousand heads of coarse-wool sheep breeds and 21.2 thousand heads of semi-coarse-wool sheep are concentrated on breeding farms. Compared to 2000, the number of breeding animals increased by 5.0 times, while the yield of lambs for slaughter per 100 breeding queens increased by 5.7 times. One way to increase the selection and breeding work with breeds is to search and use genetic markers of productivity and vitality.

   The work aimed to summarise and analyse information about the genetic polymorphism of genes associated with traits of productivity and disease resistance in different breeds of sheep.

   The results of studies of polymorphic variants of genes related to the growth energy of young animals, wool quality and meat productivity in sheep are presented. The calpastatin (CAST) gene is described, which is associated with meat productivity and tenderness of meat the KRT (keratins) gene - with wool productivity and wool quality, the growth hormone gene GH and the differential growth factor gene GDF9 - with the regulation of growth and development, reproductive qualities and meat production, sheep productivity. In most studies, the predominant genotype in all breeds is CASTMM. The frequency of genotypes for the KRT and GH genes in breeds of different directions of productivity varies significantly. The relationship of genotypes CAST, GН, and GDF9 with economically valuable traits is described, making it possible to consider their genetic markers.
Interspecific features of copper accumulation and variability in the skeletal muscle of farm animals
Authors: Zayko O. A. , Konovalova T. V. , Korotkevich O. S. , Petukhov V. L. , Sebezhko O. I. , Glushchenko E. E.
Published: January 2024

The results of a study of copper levels in the skeletal muscles of cattle, sheep, pigs and yaks, carried out on clinically healthy animals raised in the Siberian region, are presented. The living conditions of the animals corresponded to the standard ones depending on the species. Elemental analysis of muscle tissue samples was performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectral analysis. Data processing was done using Microsoft Office Excel and the R programming language in the data analysis environment RStudio version 2023.03.1 (RStudio, PBC). In most cases, the distribution did not correspond to normal, and the variances were not homogeneous. Based on the average value and median, a descending ranked series of copper content in tissue was established: cattle < yaks < sheep < pigs, in numerical terms based on the median: 1.57: 1.29: 1.02: 1.0. The medians for copper in cattle, yaks, sheep and pigs were 1.40; 1.15; 0.024; 0.91; 0.89 mg/kg, respectively, reference intervals are 0.40–2.13, 0.30–2.16, 0.39–1.43 and 0.28–1.47 mg/kg. The most significant range of variability,based on the standard deviation and the ratio of extreme variants, is characteristic of cattle. Based on the Kruskal-Walli’s test, muscle copper accumulation differed significantly between species (H = 18.277, df = 3, p < 0.001). Pairwise comparison showed significant differences in the pairs “cattle – pigs”, “cattle – sheep” and “pigs – yaks”. Two clusters were identified based on the similarity of copper accumulation: cattle - yaks and sheep - pigs. The results can serve as an approximate physiological norm for the concentration of copper in the skeletal muscles of animals of different species and confirm the genotype’s influence on the organism’s cumulative abilities.
Influence of adsorbent on the productive qualities of Ross 308 parent flock chickens
Authors: Kishnyaykina E. A. , Zhuchaev K. V. , Knyazeva Yu. V. , Soloshenko V. A. , Ermolaev V. I.
Published: January 2024

The research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Mustala adsorbent in feeding chickens of the parent flock of the Ross 308 cross. The work was carried out at an enterprise for raising a broiler parent flock. A control and experimental group of hens of the parent flock of the Ross 308 cross were formed at the age of 40 weeks (in the control group - 9303 heads, in the experimental group - 9278) with floor housing. The birds in the experimental group were fed Mustal adsorbent at a dose of 1.5 kg/t of feed; the drug was not included in the diet of the birds in the control group. During the growing period, the leading zootechnical indicators were determined: gross harvest, hatching harvest, number of commercial chickens, and safety, which were calculated according to generally accepted methods in poultry farming. It was found that the birds of the experimental group exceeded the control group in terms of the gross number of eggs and the yield of hatching eggs by 0.24 and 0.20 %, respectively. Mustala adsorbent made it possible to increase the yield of commercial chickens by 0.8 % and increase safety in the experimental group by 0.02 %. Profit from product sales in the experimental group is 2.21 % higher than in the control group.
Influence of protein supplement in the diets of larvae Hermetia illucens on protein accumulation and bio- mass growth
Authors: Kuznetsova K. G. , Mechtaeva E. V. , Meshcheryakov A. A. , Zhuravleva A. Z. , Chernov A. D. , Kotova G. P. , Sitnov V. Yu. , Ryabukhin D. S.
Published: January 2024

With the enormous increase in food and agricultural residues, there is a need to find new ways to dispose of the waste. One of the promising technologies is the bioconversion of organic waste by Hermetia illucens larvae or Black Soldier fly (BSF) larvae. BSF larvae can transform low-value raw materials into protein-and fat-rich entomological biomass, which can be used as raw material to produce feed for livestock, poultry, and aquaculture. To improve this technology and increase bioconversion efficiency, research into the selection of optimal feed rations for BSF larvae is necessary.

   This study aims to analyze the effect of high-protein experimental diets fortified with fish meal (FM) on protein and fat accumulation in larvae, entomological biomass growth, and larvae’s growth rate in achieving the pre-pupal stage.

   As part of the experiment, dieting wheat bran with different fish meal contents (5 %, 15 %, 30 %) was modelled, and a diet consisting of wheat bran was used as the control diet (CD). Larvae were also reared on a standard diet, chicken feed (CF), for comparison. The results indicate that larvae reared on CF observed the maximum entomological biomass growth rate. The highest protein content in larvae was found when insects were raised on high-protein diets with fish meal at 15 % and 30 % and was 53.31 ± 0.67 % and 54.33 ± 1.02 % in dry matter, respectively. The highest fat content was found on the control diet fed without protein supplement – CD (41.57 ± 1.75 %). The larval development rate on the modelled diets was assessed on the last day of the experiment by the number of pre-pupae. The highest number of pre-pupae was obtained on FM 15 % and FM 30 % and was 13.38 ± 3.42 % and 11.52 ± 3.87 %, respectively. The highest feed conversion BER (Bioconversion Efficiency Rate) was 33.29 ± 3.54 % at CF. Proteins and carbohydrates are the most significant nutrients when modelling feed rations.
Quality and safety of a plant growth stimulant obtained from poultry by-products
Authors: Miroshnikov P. N. , Zhuchaev K. V. , Sorokoletov O. N. , Korobov V. A. , Evsyukova V. V.
Published: January 2024

Poultry farming is one of the most efficiently developing agricultural industries thanks to the high level of technology and automation of enterprises. However, the intensive pace of development in poultry farming leads to several problems; one of the most important among them is the need to dispose of poultry waste. Large poultry farms can produce up to 100 thousand tons of manure annually, which belongs to the 3rd class of environmental hazards. Recycling manure allows enterprises to avoid penalties and receive additional economic benefits from selling organic fertilisers. Mechanochemical methods are one of the most accessible and effective ways to process livestock waste. Their essence lies in using chemical reagents for disinfection and processing raw materials.

   The object of the study was a new drug with the properties of a growth stimulant, antidepressant, and antistressant obtained by mechanochemical processing of dry bird manure in an acidic environment.

   The safety parameters were analysed in two accredited laboratories: agrochemical and veterinary. The agrochemical laboratory studied such indicators as the mass fraction of dry and organic matter, the activity of hydrogen ions (pH), the mass fraction of nutrients, the content of toxic elements and the presence of radionuclides. The veterinary laboratory analyses included such groups of indicators as parasitic cleanliness, sanitary-bacteriological, and sanitary-parasitological indicators. It has been shown that the leading indicators of the quality and safety of the drug in the working solution meet the requirements for organic fertilisers. For the medication to work effectively, when preparing a working solution, the consumer must strictly follow the instructions and observe safety precautions when working with a substance with a low pH level.
Recreational potential of forest park territories of the city of Volgograd
Authors: Kalmykova E. V. , Peredrienko A. I.
Published: January 2024

The issue of landscaping is especially relevant in regions with a hot, arid climate, such as the Volgograd region. In Volgograd, green spaces do not fulfil their functions sufficiently. Improving the landscape, increasing the diversity of the range of trees and shrubs, as well as the types of landscaping plantings and the combination of various forms in them, the solution of these issues is an essential task in the development of landscape gardening in sparse forested regions. The woody vegetation of the city is in a weakened state due to the age of the plants and the climatic and environmental conditions of Volgograd. The use of green spaces in recreational areas should meet the needs of citizens and exclude their damage. To preserve and further develop recreational areas and forest plantations in urban areas, assessing the recreational potential of green spaces in the study area is necessary. An improved methodology for evaluating the recreational potential is used for the assessment.

   The research objects are the recreational areas of Volgograd: Komsomolsky Garden, the Square of Valor and Glory, and the Arboretum of the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

   The total recreational territory in the City of Volgograd is 31%. According to the recreational assessment, the Komsomolsky Garden and the Square of Valor and Glory belong to the first class of the landscape. According to the assessment of the recreational potential of plantings, the Komsomolsky Garden and the Square of Valor and Glory also belong to the first class of recreational value. The greenhouse of the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences belongs to the third class, according to the recreational assessment, of the landscape and to the second class of the recreational potential of plantings.
People’s commissars of agriculture of the RSFSR in the era of the new eco- nomic policy (1921-1928)
Authors: Donchenko A. S. , Papkov S. A. , Rudoy E. V.
Published: January 2024

The article analyses deep agrarian transformations in Russia in the early 1920s. With the participation of the People’s Commissariat of Agriculture and its people’s commissars - V. G. Yakovenko and A. P. Smirnova. An explanation is given for revising the Bolshevik model of Russian development in 1921, expressed in the transition to the NEP as a policy of partial “retreat to state capitalism.” Economic priorities and the main elements of the new agricultural policy are noted: allowing trade and financial freedom for peasants, restoring money circulation, diversity of forms of land use in the countryside, renting land, and using hired labour while maintaining a state monopoly on land. In the context of the ongoing transformations, the participation of the People’s Commissars of Agriculture and their role and influence in restoring Russian agriculture in the search for effective ways to develop the industry is considered. The most important facts of the personal biography of the People’s Commissars are reproduced. Against the backdrop of the consistent implementation of NEP in agriculture, there are also relapses from the Civil War era in the form of the final destruction of large landowner farms. Despite this, on the eve of the completion of the restoration process and the victory of the collectivisation course, the People’s Commissariat of Agriculture supported state support for individual solid farms and their cooperation. It advocated the exclusion of administrative measures concerning the peasantry.
Biologization of potato cultivation technology in Western Siberia
Authors: Maslennikova V. S. , Tsvetkova V. P. , Nesterenko V. A.
Published: January 2024

As a result of studies conducted in 2014–2017. based on the agro-complex “Giant’s Gardens”, it was established that the biological product Fitop 8.67 had a fungicidal effect on Rhizoctonia while simultaneously having a growth-stimulating effect and increasing potato productivity in the conditions of the Novosibirsk region. The drug Fitop 8.67 helps to increase the biometric indicators of the early ripening potato variety Rosara, such as plant height (1.9 times), number of stems (1.6 times), and weight of 1 plant (1.2 times), compared to the control. At the same time, the drug helped reduce the prevalence of rhizoctoniosis during the growing season. The biological effectiveness of the medication at week 4 was 65.6 %. At week 6 – 83.8, and at week 10 – 80.5 %. Pre-planting treatment of potato tubers with the biological preparation Fitop 8.67 positively affected the crop’s formation. Under the influence of the microbiological complex, there was an increase in the proportion of tubers of the large fraction and a decrease in the small fraction. The average increase in yield over four years was 6.63 t/ha. The prevalence of rhizoctoniosis on tubers of the new crop in the experimental version decreased from 24.55 to 15.5 % in 2014, from 55.3 to 1.55 in 2015, from 62.0 to 15.6 in 2016 and from 40.67 to 4.1% in 2017. In this regard, we can recommend the use of the biological product Fitop 8.67 at a concentration of 1x106 CFU/ml for pre-planting treatment of tubers as a stimulant growth with fungicidal properties, to increase productivity, as well as to reduce the chemical load on the agrocenosis of the potato field.
Carbon reserves on the soils of the Dmitrievsky village council of the Ufa district of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Mirsayapov R. R. , Asylbaev I. G.
Published: January 2024

The research was carried out within the framework of the state task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation “Program for the creation and operation of a carbon landfill in the Republic of Bashkortostan “Eurasian carbon landfill” for 2022-2023 (Publication number: FEUR-2022-0001). Carbon deposition in the soil is an essential function arising from the interaction of ecological processes. Human activity influencing these processes leads to dehumidification or, conversely, deposition of soil carbon. The article presents the materials of the analysis of literary sources on the subject of carbon farming, as well as the content of organic matter in the soils of agricultural lands of the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the conditions of a carbon landfill in the Ufa district (Russian Federation).

   This study aims to analyse carbon reserves in the humus-accumulative soil horizon of a carbon landfill on agricultural lands in the Dmitrievsky Village Council of the Ufa district of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

   An agrochemical analysis of the accumulation of soil organic matter was carried out, and the capacity of the humus horizon of the soils of this site was determined. Carbon reserves in the studied soils were determined according to the methodology for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and uptake [Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia No. 371 dated 05/27/2022, Guidelines for Quantifying the volume of greenhouse gas uptake]. The carbon content in the organic matter of soils is assumed to equal 58%. The conversion to the stock of soil carbon was carried out, considering the density of the soil composition. The degree of saturation of the soils of the studied sites, including the carbon landfill, is calculated. The reserves of organic carbon under individual varieties of soils in the humus-accumulative horizon - 4616360 tons were estimated.
Copyright Protection for Works Created by AI Technology under the EU Law and Vietnamese Law
Authors: Le Thi Minh
Published: January 2024

The legislation of the European Union increasingly focuses on expanding the scope of works protected by intellectual property rights, including literary works, music, films, and phonograms. The breakthrough in artificial intelligence (AI) has contributed significantly to creating works of art with little or no human intervention. The article examines the current situation of EU copyright law and Vietnamese law regarding AI-generated works. The article concludes that EU law governs copyright for these works based on the extent of human contribution to the creation of the work. Meanwhile, Vietnamese law still needs to resolve the issue of intellectual property rights for works created by AI.
Gloss to the Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (Third Chamber) of 25 November 2021 in Case C‑488/20, Delfarma SP. Z o.o. v. Prezes Urzędu Rejestracji Produktów Leczniczych, Wyrobów Medycznych i Produktów Biobójczych
Authors: Mełgieś Katarzyna Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

Medicinal products are a special type of goods due to their importance for human health and life, and their trade is generally under the scope of Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 November 2001 on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use. The preamble to this act states that the essential aim of the rules governing the production, distribution and use of medicinal products must be to safeguard public health. Hence, in the above-mentioned directive, the rules related to the authorisation of medicinal products for marketing and pharmacovigilance are very important. At the same time, it should be noted that parallel import of medicinal products as a form of trade in an EU Member State in connection with their authorisation for marketing in another Member State, although it has a long tradition, has not had a clear normative pattern, and has not been subject to the scope of Directive 2001/83/EC. It is based on the achievements of the acquis communautaire developed in this area and the principle of free movement of goods (Article 34 TFEU) and its exceptions set out in Article 36 TFEU concerning the protection of human health and life. The commented judgment sets an example of one more verdict confirming the interpretation of Articles 34 and 36 TFEU, according to which national provisions of a Member State should be considered unacceptable, according to which the withdrawal of the marketing authorisation for the reference medicinal product in the country of import has the automatic effect of expiring the parallel import authorisation. At the same time, new circumstances affecting the safety of the medicinal product on the market were analysed to give the conclusion as declared in the sentence.
Variability assessment and trait relationships among confectionery sunflower inbreds
Authors: Kaur Balpreet , Kaila Vineeta
Published: January 2024

Fifty-eight sunflower inbreds were evaluated for seventeen morphological parameters during spring 2019 and 2020 to understand the relationships among different traits for facilitating the indirect selection of superior confectionery sunflower inbreds. For confectionery inbreds, seed length is an important trait for making selections since seed length exhibited a negative correlation with seed volume weight which is highly correlated with oil content. Thus inbreds having higher seed length had lower oil content which is a desirable trait for confectionery sunflowers. The investigation also helped in the identification of sunflower inbred EC734798 as superior for confectionery purposes based on principal component analysis and EC734792, EC734806, EC734808, EC734831, EC734866, EC734870 and EC734790 were identified as superior inbreds based on cluster analysis. Furthermore, inbreds EC734810, EC734816I, EC734817II, EC734837, and EC734867 can be utilized for improving seed length parameters among confectionery sunflowers.
Optimization of intense plant to plant spacing of soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merrill] for better productivity and quality seeds in the Western Himalayas
Authors: Naithani Pragya , Kumar Ajay , Bisht Priya , Shukla D. K. , Sharma R. K. , Meena Deepak Kumar
Published: January 2024

At the Pantnagar's Crop Research Centre, a field experiment was conducted during the 2019 Kharif season with the objective to establish the best plant-to-plant spacing for the PS 1092 and SL 958 soybean cultivars, which were developed especially for the western Himalayan region. The goal of the study was to determine how variable plant-to-plant spacing affected a variety of factors, including soybean production attributes, yield parameters, and quality metrics, particularly when ridge and furrow planting schemes were taken into consideration. The field experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, with four plant-to-plant spacing intervals (5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm) and two cultivars (PS 1092 and SL 958). Intense spacing treatments exhibited a discernible influence on soybean seed yield, stover yield, and total biological yield. The configuration of 45 cm × 10 cm spacing resulted in heightened productivity, showcasing maximal seed yield, stover yield, and total biological yield in comparison to alternative treatments. Furthermore, the stringent spacing regimens significantly impacted the quality parameters of soybeans. The protein content and oil content reached their zenith within plots featuring a plant-to-plant spacing of 10 cm. Intriguingly, no noteworthy differences surfaced in terms of productivity and quality parameters between the two soybean varieties. In summation, this study deduces that for achieving heightened productivity and superior quality of soybean varieties, PS 1092 and SL 958, in the Tarai conditions of the Western Himalayas, the recommended spacing of 45 cm × 10 cm holds promise.
Unveiling the hidden treasures: the vital contributions of Bhitarkanika mangrove in supporting local communities
Authors: Tripathy Pritam
Published: January 2024

Mangroves are salt-resistant vegetation that inhibit the muddy intertidal region of tropical and sub-tropical countries. Bhitarkanika Mangrove Sanctuary is one of the hotspots of Odisha state due to its wide range of biodiversity. Mangroves are always integral to the coastal livelihood by providing goods and services to the communities. The importance of mangroves gets neglected by sideling its provision of valuable resources and protection services against cyclones and storms. The present article studied the benefits provided by the Bhitarkanika Mangroves forests to the local communities and focuses on the sustainable conservation of resources for the future. Evidence-based suggestions are suitable for achieving the sustainability of local communities by adopting conservation measures.
Comparative variability studies for yield and fibre quality traits in F2 generations derived from single and double crosses in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L)
Authors: Nidagundi J. M. , K. Shiva  , Revanasiddayya  , Sudha Patil  , Rashmi S.  , Hanchinal S. G. , Ajayakumar M. Y.
Published: January 2024

Developing cotton cultivars with high yield and superior fibre quality is a major goal of any cotton breeding program. The present study emphasized on estimating and comparing genetic variability parameters in F2 generations derived from two double crosses and their four single crosses to isolate segregants with superior yield and fibre quality. Higher PCV and GCV (>20) with higher magnitude of variation were noticed for seed cotton yield per plant in single and double crosses but the magnitude of variability was found low in double crosses compared to single crosses indicating a higher degree of variability can be obtained in single crosses. Moderate to low PCV and GCV were found for GOT and LI. The moderate to high h2 (>60 %) with high GAM was noticed in double and single crosses for seed cotton yield per plant. For GOT and LI, moderate heritability (30-60 %) was noticed for single crosses while it was high for their double cross indicating that the population derived from the double cross has a higher ability to transmit the traits to its progenies. Except for micronaire values, the fibre quality traits recorded low to moderate levels of PCV, GCV, h2, and GAM in single and double crosses indicating that achieving the desired level of genetic improvement for them would be a painstaking effort in early segregating generations. However, selecting lines from these crosses for superior fibre quality will be rewarding in later advanced generations.
Improving food security in India through non-conventional plant breeding technologies
Authors: S. Mudhalvan  , Sanofer M. Robina , C. Dharshini  , A. Jeyashree  , A. Kavipriya  , P. Pandiyaraj
Published: January 2024

Previous reviews addressed that there will be 170 crore people on the earth by 2050 the rise in the average income in emerging India. Hence, it will be the greatest challenge to meet food demand future. Aside from urbanization and land degradation, climate change also additional pressure on the food supply. These problems must be fundamentally changed because of their complexity and self-reinforcing nature. Crop improvement through breeding has been the main strategy for reducing poverty and increasing the food supply in India. New, improved crop varieties need to be developed for farmers to use to enhance food security. The biotechnological and non-conventional accelerated plant breeding methods that are not reliant on genetic engineering or gene editing are the main subject of this review. We focus particularly on the viability of short-term implementation by national agricultural research systems in underdeveloped nations. We contend that delaying the implementation of technology that can speed up reproduction is economically ineffective and supports the swift adoption of accelerated breeding techniques in the public sector. We recommend the employment of a technique called Rapid Generation Advance (RGA) as the most practical strategy for speed breeding in the public sector after taking into account a wide variety of considerations, including the economics of accelerated breeding.
Assessment of in vitro anti-urolithiasis potential of Berberis aristata DC.
Authors: Ambwani Sonu , Goswami Rashmi , Fuloria Nandita , Tandon Roopali , Ambwani Tanuj Kumar
Published: January 2024

Urolithiasis is a highly prevalent and excruciating urological condition characterized by the accumulation of stones within the urinary system's walls. Kidney stones also referred to as nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, or ureterolithiasis, are classified based on their specific location within the urinary system. Traditional approaches to manage urolithiasis include allopathic medications, surgical interventions, and shockwave lithotripsy, all of which are associated with various side effects. Due to these associated drawbacks, increased focus on exploring natural medicine for both prevention and management of urolithiasis has taken momentum. Anti-urolithiatic activity encompasses the capacity of specific plants and their extracts to prevent or alleviate urolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones. Throughout various cultures, numerous plants have traditionally been employed as natural interventions to ward off or address kidney stones. One such potential herbal plant for the management of urolithiasis is Berberis aristata (Indian barberry or Tree Turmeric) which is known for its use in the management of urolithiasis in folk medicine. This plant is notably rich in alkaloids, with berberine being the primary alkaloid that contributes to its antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory effects. In the present in vitro study, aqueous root extract of Berberis aristata (BAE) at varying concentrations, was examined for its effectiveness in preventing the formation of calcium oxalate crystals when introduced alongside the extract. The results revealed the effectiveness of the extract in preventing crystallization, suggesting its potential utility in managing urinary stone formation. Nevertheless, further investigation is required, particularly in suitable animal models, to comprehensively assess the anti-urolithiatic activity of Berberis aristata.
Evaluation of maize germplasm for physio-morphological traits against fall armyworm
Authors: Gowda M. A. Prajwal , Sekhar J. C. , Soujanya P. L. , Yathish K. R. , Rahman S. J. , B. Mallaiah  , D. Akhilandeshwari
Published: January 2024

The fall armyworm (FAW), scientific name Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), poses a significant challenge to farmers and agricultural systems due to its ability to adapt, reproduce rapidly, and develop resistance to pesticides. Hence, it is essential to adopt effective and feasible approaches to managing FAW. The present research aimed at identifying the physio-morphological traits in 22 diverse maize genotypes that influence resistance to FAW. Among the tested ones, moderately resistant genotypes had the highest trichome density (CML 71, CML 67, and CML 335), minimum leaf area, and leaf width (DMRE 63, CML 71, and CML 67). Moderately resistant genotypes, viz., CML 67 (0.14 mm), CML 71 (0.14 mm), CML 561 (0.14 mm), and DMRE 63 (0.14 mm), exhibited significantly higher leaf toughness. Furthermore, the lowest relative water content was recorded in moderately resistant genotypes (DMRE 63, CML 71, and CML 67). The maximum cob length was observed in the moderately resistant genotype, CML 71 (18.56 cm), followed by CML 67 (18.26 cm), which was on par. Among moderately resistant genotypes, CML 71 had the greatest cob width of 4.97 cm, followed by CML 67 (4.88 cm), CML 561 (4.66 cm), CML 335 (4.66 cm), and DMRE 63 (4.62 cm), and these were statistically comparable. Of the genotypes evaluated, the moderately resistant genotypes CML 71, CML 67, and DMRE 63 registered significantly higher yields of 135.04 g/plant, 120.65 g/plant, and 117.92 g/plant, respectively. This information on physio-morphological traits is helpful in breeding programs focusing on maize resistance to FAW.
Insect pollinator diversity and their foraging behaviour in Radish, Raphanus sativus L.
Authors: A. Divekar Pratap , Patel Sampat Kumar , Manimurugan C.  , Singh Vikas
Published: January 2024

Radish is a cross-pollinated crop and honey bees are essential for its pollination. In the present investigation, the diversity and abundance of insect pollinators and additionally their visitation rate and frequency were also studied during 2019 and 2020. The foraging observations were noted at 08:00–10:00 hours (early morning foraging activity), 10:00-12:00 hours (late morning foraging activity), 12:00-14:00 hours (noon foraging activity), and 14:00-16:00 hours (afternoon foraging activity). The results revealed that nine species of bees, five flies, three butterflies, and three wasps species visited the flowers of radish during the study period. Apis florea, Apis mellifera, and Apis dorsata were the dominant pollinator species with 132-201, 110-130, and 90-115 individuals, respectively during the study duration. The maximum foraging activity of the dominant pollinators was observed at 14:00 hrs followed by 12:00 hrs whereas the minimum foraging activity was recorded in the early morning hours at 08:00. The frequency of floral visitors varied greatly, with A. florea (14.50-15.80 visits/flower/5 min) being the most frequent, followed by A. mellifera (9.80-11.00 visits/flower/5 min) and A. dorsata (8.30–9.40 visits/flower/5 min) in both seasons. Similarly, A. florea had statistically higher visitation rate (26.93–27.40 flowers visited/min) followed by A. mellifera (15.93–16.00 flowers visited/min) and A. dorsata (12.62-15.13 flowers visited/min). The findings suggested that A. florea, A. mellifera, and A. dorsata may be efficient radish pollinators. Therefore, on a commercial scale, these three species can be effectively used to increase crop yields.
Grafting month and environmental condition influences on the success of softwood grafting in Cashew under Bastar region of Chhattisgarh
Authors: Dewangan Soumya , Ramteke Vikas , Sharma G. L. , Chandrakar Tejpal , Singh D. P. , Netam R. S. , Adiga J. D. , Panigrahi Hemant Kumar
Published: January 2024

An experiment was conducted at Horticulture Nursery, Shaheed Gundadhur College of Agriculture and Research Station, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh during 2021-22 to identify the suitable month for grafting under different environmental conditions in cashew. Grafting was performed in five different months i.e., June, July, August, September, and October and grafts are placed in three conditions i.e., open condition, shade net, and mist chamber. Thus, in total, there were 15 treatment combinations that were replicated thrice under a factorial randomized complete block design. Among the individual effect of the month of grafting, July recorded the least days taken to sprouting (15.50) whereas August recorded the highest graft success (88.33 %), shoot height (25.88 cm), graft height (44.10 cm), graft diameter (0.661 cm), number of leaves (7.43), leaf area (29.71 cm2), graft fresh weight (25.90 g), graft dry weight (7.71 g), root volume (7.17 cm3), root to shoot ratio (0.306) and graft survival (92.38 %). Among the environmental conditions, mist chamber showed superiority over open and shade net conditions. Among the interactions between the treatments, the minimum days taken to sprouting was recorded when grafting was done in July under a mist chamber (13.83). The highest graft survival was recorded in July grafting under mist chamber (100.00 %) whereas grafting in the month of August under the mist chamber recorded the highest graft success (95.00 %), shoot height (28.50 cm), graft height (48.63 cm), graft diameter (0.689 cm), number of leaves (9.54), leaf area (41.50 cm2), graft fresh weight (26.46 g), graft dry weight (7.98 g), root volume (8.03 cm3) and root to shoot ratio (0.343). It can be concluded that grafting in the month of August under the mist chamber could be followed for the commercial propagation of cashew under Bastar region of Chhattisgarh.
Corporate Criminal Accountability in Indonesia and Other Countries
Authors: Widijowati Rr. Dijan
Published: January 2024

Corporations are established with different objectives and ways to achieve different goals, not only in ways that are permitted by law but also in ways that are prohibited by law. Today, corporations are frequently involved in various criminal acts or used as a means to commit criminal acts. Therefore, it is a fact that cannot be denied that the role of corporations is currently very important in people's lives. Corporations as perpetrators of criminal acts in terms of criminal liability need to be considered carefully. Because today's corporations are increasingly playing an important role in people's lives, especially in the economic sector, Business activities, or the business world in general, are the main basis for meeting the competitive needs of life. In the United States and the United Kingdom, they also regulate corporate criminal liability, so the problem that can be formulated is how corporate criminal responsibility is regulated in Indonesia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The research was carried out using a normative-juridical method using secondary data that was used as research material. The results of the study show that corporate criminal responsibility in Indonesia and other countries has agreements and differences, both in terms of regulation and the application of sanctions
Analysis of Narcotics Circulation in Riau Province; inherited and studied in the View of Criminology Integrative Theory
Authors: Rinaldi Kasmanto , Tutrianto Rio , Ahmad Muhamad Fazil bin , Zulherawan M.
Published: January 2024

The rise of narcotics smuggling in Indonesia is a complex issue that requires a comprehensive explanation. The use of integration theory, specifically the integration of Cultural Transmission and Differential Association, can provide a better understanding of the phenomenon of narcotics crime in urban areas. Cultural Transmission theory suggests that individuals learn their values, beliefs, and behaviors through the process of socialization within their culture. This theory highlights the role of family, peer groups, and the media in shaping an individual's attitudes and behaviors towards drugs. The theory argues that individuals who are exposed to drug use at an early age are more likely to engage in drug use themselves. On the other hand, Differential Association theory suggests that individuals learn deviant behaviors from their associations with others. The theory posits that individuals who associate with those who engage in deviant behavior, such as drug use, are more likely to adopt those behaviors themselves. By integrating these two theories, we can better understand the complex phenomenon of narcotics crime in Indonesia. The use of rat ports as entry points for illegal drugs can be explained by the influence of cultural transmission, where individuals are exposed to drug use through their socialization process. Furthermore, the use of these rat ports can also be explained by differential association, where individuals who associate with drug smugglers are more likely to engage in the smuggling of narcotics themselves. Overall, the integration of Cultural Transmission and Differential Association theory provides a more nuanced understanding of the complex phenomenon of narcotics crime in Indonesia. By considering the various factors that contribute to the rise of narcotics smuggling, we can develop more effective strategies to combat this issue.
The Complexity of Notarial Law in Indonesia: Application of the Concordance Principle
Authors: Abdillah Satrio , Ghapa Norhasliza , Makhtar Maheran
Published: January 2024

This research aims to examine the urgency of implementing the concordance principle in the complex practice of notarial practice in Indonesia. The research method uses a thematic analysis approach, which is carried out by carefully examining a number of previous research documents and other relevant sources of information. To facilitate in-depth analysis, this study used Nvivo 12 Plus data analysis software. This research reveals that the application of the concordance principle in notarial practice in Indonesia has a significant impact. This principle creates legal certainty, protects public interests, increases efficiency, and supports harmonization with international standards. This also helps prevent legal conflicts, improve notary professionalism, and establish a strong and fair notarial system. By integrating diverse legal sources, the concordance principle maintains the continuity of quality notarial practice in Indonesia while enabling the country to remain in harmony with the demands of the international community in the areas of law and human rights.
LEGAL POLICY TOWARDS GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN THE EASE OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES BASED ON LAW NO. 6 OF 2023 CONCERNING THE STIPULATION OF GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS IN LIEU OF LAW NO. 2 OF 2022 CONCERNING JOB CREATION TO BECOME LAW
Authors: Muin Fatkhul Muin
Published: January 2024

Legal instruments are legal policies that are the basis for efforts to create social justice for the community. Legal policy in the field of developing micro, small and medium enterprises after the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2023 Concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu Of Law No. 2 of 2022 Concerning Job Creation to Become Law is an instrument in the development of micro, small and medium enterprises. The number of micro businesses in Indonesia reaches 63,955,369, small businesses 193,959 and medium businesses 44,728. Therefore, it is necessary to develop policies for micro, small and medium enterprises based on the synergy of the central government and local governments on the basis of the division of affairs in order to facilitate the development of micro, small and medium enterprises through sustainable empowerment in the context of economic equality with a populist economic model as the foundation of state development. The legal policy on the Job Creation Regulation which regulates synergy on the basis of the division of affairs between the central government and regional governments, needs to be further stipulated in government regulations to facilitate the development of micro, small and medium enterprises. This study focuses on analyzing the state's legal policy towards micro, small and medium enterprises in order to facilitate and sustain them. This study uses a legal approach. 
The Legal Protection Policy for Partnerships in Socially Just, Digital-Based Land Transportation Businesses
Authors: Jumiati Agatha , Harun Harun , Absori Absori , Wardiono Kelik
Published: January 2024

The development of legal relations between drivers and online land transportation service application providers is becoming increasingly massive, especially when technological developments and digitalization make it easier to utilize digital-based land transportation services. This research aims to analyze and determine legal prescriptions or solutions to the problem of legal gaps in special regulations that discuss and serve as guidelines in implementing partnership legal relations between online transportation drivers and online land transportation service application providers in terms of the aspect of social justice. This research is normative legal research by prioritizing conceptual and statutory approaches. The research results confirm that the social justice aspect of the partnership legal relationship between drivers and online land transportation service application providers has not actually been fulfilled, which is due to the absence of special regulations regarding partnership relationships that can guarantee legal certainty and protection for online transportation service drivers. Legal protection policies for partnership legal relationships between drivers and online land transportation service application providers can be implemented by establishing regulations regarding special partnership relationships between drivers and online land transportation service application providers to fill the existing legal gaps.
Partnership Cooperation Agreement between Cooperatives and Private Companies to Improve the Economic Competitiveness of the Community in Pasir Jambu, Bandung, West Java
Authors: Azhar Siregar Hamdan
Published: January 2024

The partnership agreement between cooperatives and the private sector in Ciwidey Pasir Jambu, Bandung is very important to improve the competitiveness of cooperatives. In addition, the importance of the agreement is to create certainty of the legal relationship between the parties, therefore the law must be able to encourage the parties to work in order to improve the ability of cooperatives to compete, especially in Pasirjambu. The problems in this study are as follows, how to cooperate in partnership between cooperatives and private companies, what are the obstacles in partnerships between cooperatives and private companies in Pasirjambu. While its use in research is as a contribution to cooperatives and private companies in carrying out development, as well as a contribution to ideas for cooperatives and private companies to look for obstacles in partnerships, while the research method carried out, namely normative jurisprudence, considering that this research is legal research, while data, namely secondary, primary and tertiary data, also field data as support.  In increasing competitiveness in the form of partnerships without definite legal rules, the relationship between the two parties has regressed and uncertain. The implementation of partnerships, based on legal aspects that can provide justice, with the aim of empowering small businesses, cooperatives in national development, namely equal employment and business opportunities, income equality, growing and improving business capabilities, increasing competitiveness, increasing exports, equitable distribution of business ownership and strengthening the structure of the national economy. Through the national business partnership movement, all development actors together renew their determination to mobilize all potentials and strengths to accelerate the growth rate of a just Indonesian nation. Through this movement, the Indonesian nation is prepared to face the challenges and opportunities that open up in free trade
The Application Of Money Laundering Law Value-Based Justice To Wealth Obtained Offenders From The Proceeds Of Corruption
Authors: Ismaidar Ismaidar
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The act of money laundering is very dangerous both at the national and international levels because money laundering is a means for criminals to legalize the money from their crimes to eliminate traces. In addition, the nominal money laundered is usually extraordinary in amount, so it can affect national and even global financial balances. This research method is normative legal research, namely research that refers to legal norms contained in laws and regulations, libraries, legal norms that exist in society, and the data obtained, the type of research used qualitative research is carried out by examining literature materials in the field of law and legislation related to the problem The application of money laundering law based on the value of justice to the wealth of perpetrators of crimes obtained from the proceeds of corruption. The results of this study show that the scope of the law on money laundering towards the eradication of corruption aims to find out how to put the results of evidence on the case being examined, by how the evidence is used, and by how the judge must form his conviction before the court session. The application of money laundering law based on the value of justice to the proceeds of crime from corruption needs to be imposed on severe crimes to perpetrators of corruption crimes as a legal policy in accordance with the provisions of the applicable law. So that the community understands and considers the verdict to be as fair as it is. The law is expressly separated from morals and justice is not based on good or bad.
Fulfillment of the Rights of Children with Disabilities After Their Parents' Divorce
Authors: Choiriyah Ana Laela Fatikhatul , Imaduddin Muhammad , Anisah Inayatul , Amrullah M. Arief , Setyawan Fendi
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the fulfillment of the rights of children with disabilities after their parents' divorce, in fact children with disabilities in a harmonious family really need the special attention of their parents, so that when both parents divorce, it is necessary to protect and fulfill the rights of children with disabilities from both parents, but currently there are parents who lack self-acceptance of the birth of children with disabilities and make them both divorced, based on the above background regarding the fulfillment of the rights of children with disabilities after the divorce of parents it is interesting to study, this study uses an empirical juridical research methodology using several approaches, namely a qualitative approach, the results of This research is a future concept so that the fulfillment of the rights of children with disabilities is fulfilled after the divorce of their parents