bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meiotic crossovers revealed by differential visualization of homologous chromosomes using enhanced haplotype oligo‐painting in cucumber
Authors: Zhao Qinzheng , Xiong Zhenhui , Cheng Chunyan , Wang Yuhui , Feng Xianbo , Yu Xiaqing , Lou Qunfeng , Chen Jinfeng
Published: December 2024

The interaction dynamics of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, such as recognition, pairing, synapsis, recombination, and segregation are vital for species fertility and genetic diversity within populations. Meiotic crossover (CO), a prominent feature of meiosis, ensures the faithful segregation of homologous chromosomes and enriches genetic diversity within a population. Nevertheless, visually distinguishing homologous chromosomes and COs remains an intractable challenge in cytological studies, particularly in non‐model or plants with small genomes, limiting insights into meiotic dynamics. In the present study, we developed a robust and reliable enhanced haplotype oligo‐painting (EHOP) technique to image small amounts of oligos, enabling visual discrimination of homologous chromosomes. Using EHOP developed based on sequence polymorphisms and reconstructed oligonucleotides, we visually distinguished parental and most recombinant chromosomes in cucumber F1 hybrids and F2 populations. Results from EHOP revealed that meiotic CO events preferentially occur in the 30–60% intervals of chromosome arms with lower sequence polymorphisms and significant recombination bias exists between cultivated and ancestral chromosomes. Due to the occupation of extensive heterochromatin occupancy, it is not yet possible to precisely identify the meiotic COs present in the central portion of chr2 and chr4. Notably, CO accessibility was universally detected in the cytological centromere region in F2 populations, a feature rarely observed in crops with large genomes. EHOP demonstrated exceptional performance in distinguishing homologous chromosomes and holds significant potential for broad application in studying homologous chromosome interactions.
Formation of Apoplastic Barriers to Radial O₂ Loss in Rice Roots: Effects of Low‐O₂ and High‐Fe Conditions, and the Roles of Suberin, Glycerol Esters, and Iron Plaques
Authors: Jiménez Juan de la Cruz , Suresh Kiran , Zeisler‐Diehl Viktoria , Oi Takao , Takahisa Hirakawa  , Takahashi Hirokazu , Schreiber Lukas , Nakazono Mikio
Published: December 2024

Lack of O2 and high concentrations of iron (Fe) are common in flooded soils where Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is cultivated. We tested the hypothesis that growing in stagnant or high Fe conditions might induce the formation of apoplastic barriers in roots with different properties and chemical compositions. We measured radial O2 loss (ROL) from intact roots, the chemical composition of roots and the formation of root iron plaques in Fe‐sensitive and Fe‐tolerant rice genotypes grown in aerated, deoxygenated stagnant solutions or in aerated solutions containing high concentrations of Fe. Roots of plants grown in stagnant conditions developed tight barriers to ROL, while those grown in high Fe conditions developed only partial barriers. Chemical analysis of enzymatically isolated sclerenchyma/exodermal root cells indicated that roots grown in stagnant conditions showed increased amounts of suberin and glycerol esters. In contrast, roots in high Fe conditions showed an increase in suberization along with formation of iron plaques covering the roots. In high Fe conditions, exodermal suberization and the formation of partial ROL barriers were not influenced by the genotype's tolerance to Fe. The amount of O2 diffused from roots is influenced by the various layers that impede O2 diffusion. Specifically, increased amounts of glycerol esters in the suberized exodermis provide the greater resistance to ROL.
Pemphigus Vulgaris With Esophageal Involvement in an Atopic Child Successfully Treated With Dupilumab
Authors: Yun Sonora , Jenkins Blair A. , Scollan Margaret E. , Defelice Amy R. , Leiferman Kristin M. , Milner Joshua D. , Lauren Christine T.
Published: December 2024

We report the case of a 3‐year‐old boy who was diagnosed with childhood pemphigus vulgaris having developed oral lesions, gastrointestinal symptoms with esophageal involvement, and failure to thrive. He had a markedly increased total serum IgE level and peripheral blood eosinophilia. The pemphigus was recalcitrant to conventional therapies and, based on the coexisting characteristics of Th2 immune deviation, he was treated with dupilumab and has had sustained clinical improvement since starting treatment. The case illustrates the importance of recognizing pemphigus vulgaris in childhood, considerations for dupilumab therapy, and a potential pathophysiological links between pemphigus autoantibodies in early life, Th2 inflammation, and atopic disorder.
Live Attenuated Vaccine Administration in Children Treated With Methotrexate or Dupilumab
Authors: Hughes Julia R. , Mehrmal Sino , Habib Sana , Williams Howard L. , Siegfried Elaine C.
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

A wholesale recommendation against use of live virus vaccines in patients treated with any medication classified as an immunosuppressant has been based on global theoretical concerns rather than clinical outcomes for specific drugs.

Methods

A retrospective search of electronic medical records identified patients seen by the Allergy and/or Dermatology services between 2017 and 2023 at a pediatric tertiary center who received a live attenuated vaccine during the 6 week interval prior to the first prescription for methotrexate or dupilumab until 6 weeks after the last prescription for either medication. Individual charts of identified patients were manually reviewed for evidence of adverse events.

Results

The search identified 313 pediatric patients treated with dupilumab and/or methotrexate during the 7‐year interval. Five of these patients received the combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine while on dupilumab and 4 while on methotrexate. Manual chart review was without evidence of adverse events for up to 6 months after immunization.

Conclusions

This retrospective search identified a small number of pediatric patients immunized with the live attenuated MMRV vaccine during concomitant treatment with dupilumab or methotrexate. No associated adverse events were identified. Further investigation is needed to establish the safety and efficacy of live vaccines in patients treated with these immunomodulating agents.
Benefits of the Topical JAK Inhibitor Delgocitinib in a Patient With Pediatric Localized Scleroderma
Authors: Yamamoto Mayuko , Nakajima Kimiko , Matsuda Mayuko , Takahashi Aya , Nakai Kozo
Published: December 2024

This is the first report of pediatric linear scleroderma successfully treated with the topical Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor delgocitinib. JAK inhibitors targeting the JAK/STAT pathway have been used to treat various immune‐mediated diseases. In both in vitro and in vivo, JAK inhibitors also block the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β‐mediated effects that contribute to skin sclerosis. In the present case, the histological findings of inflammation and fibrosis were considered as conditions that would benefit from the anti‐inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of the JAK inhibitor, delgocitinib.
Ocular safety of 222‐nm far‐ultraviolet‐c full‐room germicidal irradiation: A 36‐month clinical observation
Authors: Sugihara Kazunobu , Kaidzu Sachiko , Sasaki Masahiro , Ichioka Sho , Sano Ichiya , Hara Katsunori , Tanito Masaki
Published: December 2024

The ocular safety of 222‐nm far‐ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) irradiation, widely recognized for its germicidal properties, was evaluated in a clinical setting to assess its long‐term health effects on the human eye. This prospective observational study involved a 36‐month follow‐up of physicians working in an ophthalmic examination room equipped with 222‐nm UV‐C lamps. Initially, a 12‐month observation showed no signs of acute or chronic ocular damage. To further substantiate these findings, the study period was extended to 36 months, during which four participants underwent regular ocular examinations, including assessments of visual acuity, refractive error, and corneal endothelial cell density. The irradiation dose was meticulously controlled to remain within the previous threshold limit of 22 mJ/cm2 over an 8‐h period, as advised by the ACGIH prior to 2022. Results indicated no significant changes in these parameters, suggesting no clinically significant ocular hazards associated with prolonged exposure to 222‐nm UV‐C irradiation under real‐world conditions. Additionally, no delayed side effects, such as pterygium, keratopathies, or cataracts, were observed. Our study supports the safe use of 222‐nm UV‐C for microbial disinfection in occupied environments and provides a robust foundation for updated safety guidelines.
Alternaria brown spot: An emerging problem on annonaceous orchards in northeast Brazil
Authors: Veloso Josiene Silva , do Nascimento Everton Rodrigues Cavalcanti , Duarte Ingrid Gomes , dos Santos Vieira Willie Anderson , Silva Adriano Márcio Freire , de Queiroz Balbino Valdir , Doyle Vinson Patrick , Câmara Marcos Paz Saraiva
Published: December 2024

Alternaria brown spot is a leaf disease of annonaceous plants recently assigned to Alternaria alternata, a species in section Alternaria. Given the diversity in Alternaria section Alternaria and the economic importance of annonaceous plants for Brazilian fruit producers, we sought to identify the aetiological agents of Alternaria brown spot in Brazil and evaluate their aggressiveness and host associations. In addition, we compared different methods of species delimitation within section Alternaria. According to several species delimitation methods, the causal agents of Alternaria brown spot in Brazil were assigned A. alternata (clades 2 and 5), A. longipes‐like (A. gossypina and Alternaria sp. [LM 353]), A. tomato‐like (Alternaria sp. [LM 281; LM 295; LM 267], Alternaria sp. [LM 269; LM 294; LM 306] and Alternaria sp. [LM 272]), A. jacinthicola and a new species, A. annonacearum. All lineages were pathogenic to sugar apple and soursop, though less aggressive on the latter, irrespective of the host from which they were isolated. This study brings information that may help both researchers and fruit producers to distinguish Alternaria brown spot from other fungal diseases on annonaceous plants and ultimately develop better management approaches.
Lower limb strength and depression: a national cross‐sectional study of an elderly population in China
Authors: Cai Taoyang , Ge‐Zhang Shangjie , Liu Yanru
Published: December 2024

Background

The relationship between lower limb strength and depression in the elderly remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate this relationship using representative samples from China.

Methods

A total of 3421 elderly people aged 60 and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. Five Times Sit‐to‐Stand (5TSTS) test was used to group the strength of lower limbs, and subjects’ demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviour and health index were evaluated. After adjusting the related variables, the relationship between lower limb strength and depression was determined by logistic regression model, and whether the relationship between lower limb strength and depression was related to different ages was further studied.

Results

There were 1222 (35.7%) participants suffering from depression. Higher lower limb strength was associated with a lower likelihood of depression. Compared to the weakest group (Q1), those with stronger lower limb strength had significantly lower adjusted odds ratio (OR) for depression: OR ranged from 0.722 (95% CI: 0.589–0.886) to 0.446 (95% CI: 0.359–0.553). The relationship between lower limb strength and depression varied by age.

Limitations

This cross‐sectional study cannot establish causality. Additionally, depression assessment relied on self‐reports, which may introduce bias. Future longitudinal studies should consider other psychological and social factors to comprehensively understand the determinants of depression in the elderly.

Conclusion

There is a correlation between lower limb strength and depression, that is, the incidence of depressive symptoms in the elderly with better lower limb strength is lower, and this significant correlation has been proved in both sexes and almost all age groups.
Gastritis over Gastrisus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Xanthopygina): Resolving a major taxonomic impediment with phylogenomics
Authors: Brunke Adam J. , Chatzimanolis Stylianos
Published: December 2024

With 334 species, the subtribe Xanthopygina forms a diverse and ecologically dominant component of the Neotropical beetle fauna, ranging from the southern United States south to Argentina. Species can be abundant in a variety of microhabitats and are frequently encountered in tropical forests. Although a number of morphologically distinct genera are now well defined and identifiable, the subtribe still suffers from several poorly defined genera with relatively generalized morphology. The worst of these is the genus Gastrisus Sharp, which has never had a morphological definition per se and has, over time, accumulated many morphologically disparate species. This nebulous concept of Gastrisus has further made it difficult to generically assign and describe new species. Here we assembled a phylogenomic dataset using anchored hybrid enrichment across a broad sample of Xanthopygina, including nearly all described genera, a representation of morphological variation within Gastrisus and a number of undescribed taxa we were unable to assign to a genus. Both maximum likelihood and coalescent analyses converged on a well resolved and stable topology for the subtribe, which will serve as a critical framework for continued taxonomic progress in Xanthopygina. Nine major lineages were identified, most congruent with previous work. The limits of Gastrisus were successfully identified, and the monophyletic core of the genus was recovered as sister to a redefined Nausicotus Sharp, which included Torobus syn. n. Several large species of Gastrisus were resolved as a clade of the Xanthopygus group and are here placed in Drepanagrios gen. n. An additional six new genera were discovered but will be described and treated in detail in future papers. In addition to Gastrisus, Phanolinus Sharp, Xenopygus Bernhauer, Phanolinopsis Scheerpeltz and Ocyolinus Sharp were recovered as paraphyletic, resulting in Elecatopselaphus syn. n. (=Phanolinus), the re‐validation of Leptodiastemus Bernhauer stat. ressur. and the redefinition of Xenopygus, Phanolinopsis and Ocyolinus. We propose Phanolinus scheerpeltzi nom. n. as a replacement name for Phanolinus peruvianus (Scheerpeltz 1972, nec Bernhauer 1917) (previously Elecatopselaphus).
A fast and accurate approximation of power-law adaptation for auditory computational models
Authors: Guest Daniel R. , Carney Laurel H.
Published: December 2024

Power-law adaptation is a form of neural adaptation that has been recently implemented in a popular model of the mammalian auditory nerve to explain responses to modulated sound and adaptation over long time scales. However, the high computational cost of power-law adaptation, especially for longer simulations, means it must be approximated to be practically usable. Here, a straightforward scheme to approximate power-law adaptation is presented, demonstrating that the approximation improves on an existing approximation provided in the literature. Code that implements the new approximation is provided.
Minimum Overnight Interstitial Glucose Concentration in Professional Cyclists During Two Consecutive Annual Training Camps: The Limited Impact of Daily Exercise Energy Expenditure
Authors: Zignoli Andrea , Martinez-Gonzalez Borja , Skroce Kristina , Lipman David J. , Zisser Howard C. , Giorgi Andrea
Published: December 2024

This observational study investigated the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in a team of professional cyclists without diabetes during two consecutive annual training camps. The goal of the study was twofold: to present the aggregated CGM metrics such as day/overnight CGM average (DAYAVG/OVNAVG) for this group of professional cyclists and to study the association between exercise energy expenditure (megajoules per day), carbohydrate intake (grams), and minimum overnight CGM values (millimoles per liter). Linear mixed models were employed in the analysis. Data were available for 26 cyclists (22 participated in both training camps). CGM levels reported (DAYAVG = 6.37 ± 0.54 mmol/L and OVNAVG = 5.30 ± 0.52 mmol/L), are not typically seen in healthy individuals not engaged in intensive exercise routines. Results showed that minimum overnight CGM values significantly fluctuated throughout the training camp, but a statistically significant association between exercise energy expenditure (p = .0839) or carbohydrate intake (p = .059) and minimum overnight CGM values could not be detected. This research contributes to the literature on CGM use in professional athletes and underscores the need for further studies to fully understand the benefits and limitations of CGM to guide sports performance.
Internacionalización, amor relacional y crítica decolonial: dialogando para la transformación de la academia y la educación física
Authors: Castro-García Marina , Moreno Doña Alberto , Barquero-Ruiz Carmen
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Profundizar en posibles respuestas a la cuestión: “¿podría el amor relacional ser la base de la internacionalización académica?” Metodología: Autoestudio colaborativo. Los datos generados desde marzo de 2022, a través de correos electrónicos, diarios reflexivos, notas de campo, encuentros virtuales, narrativas y notas autobiográficas, se analizaron mediante un análisis narrativo y un análisis temático reflexivo. Hallazgos: Se generaron tres temas: “Comunidad de vida, comunidad de cuidado(s)”, “Aprendizaje(s): con-mover mente, cuerpo, espíritu y corazón” y “Generación de conocimiento(s) con sentido(s)”. Cada tema se presenta y discute con el fin de comprender cómo el amor relacional puede ser la base de la internacionalización académica. Conclusiones: Se concluye que otras maneras de vivir, entender y construir la academia se constituyen en procesos educativos gratificantes, beneficiosos y necesarios si es que pensamos la institución universitaria, y en concreto la educación física, desde la justicia social, la descolonización del conocimiento y la democracia institucional.
Absolute signal of stimulated Raman scattering microscopy: A quantum electrodynamics treatment
Authors: Min Wei , Gao Xin
Published: December 2024

The advent of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has launched a rapidly growing field in chemical imaging with broad impact. Although the physical picture seems to be well understood from classical models, prediction of absolute SRS signals remains a challenge. Here, we present a quantum electrodynamics treatment of the newly introduced stimulated Raman cross section. The resulting formula for calculating the absolute SRS signal is simple and differs from the commonly used relations by only one factor. We demonstrate the utility of this formula in a broad range of crucial applications of SRS microscopy, including stimulated Raman enhancement factor (>10
8
times), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of typical imaging experiments, population saturation under high power excitation, and energy deposition during stimulated Raman photothermal microscopy. In particular, the theory predicts that SRS microscopy is almost always more sensitive than spontaneous Raman microscopy for chemical imaging.
Impact of dosing schedules on performance of rotavirus vaccines in Ghana
Authors: Asare Ernest O. , Al-Mamun Mohammad A. , Armah George E. , Lopman Benjamin A. , Pitzer Virginia E.
Published: December 2024

There is currently limited evidence regarding how the rotavirus vaccine dosing schedule might be adjusted to improve vaccine performance. We quantified the impact of the previously implemented 6/10-week Rotarix vaccine (RV1) in Ghana to the model-predicted impact for other vaccine dosing schedules across three hospitals and the entire country. Compared to no vaccination, the model-estimated median percentage reductions in rotavirus ranged from 28 to 85% and 12 to 71% among children <1 and <5 years old, respectively. The median predicted reductions in rotavirus for the whole country ranged from 57 to 66% among infants <1 year and 35 to 45% among children <5 years old. The 1/6/10- and 6/10/14-week schedules provided the best and comparable reductions in rotavirus compared to the original 6/10-week schedule. A third dose could prevent an additional 9 to 14% of deaths. An additional dose of RV1 might be an effective strategy to improve rotavirus vaccine impact, particularly in settings with low vaccine effectiveness.
Electrochemical imaging of neurotransmitter release with fast-scan voltammetric ion conductance microscopy
Authors: Wang Yunong , Rodriguez Cristobal , Alden Sasha E. , Choi Myung-hoon , Alanis Kristen , Srinivasan Rahul , Baker Lane A.
Published: December 2024

Understanding the dynamic spatial and temporal release of neurotransmitters can help resolve long-standing questions related to chemical modulation of neurological circuits. Dopamine modulates function in a range of physiological processes and is key to transmission in addiction and neurological disorders. Studies at subcellular scales promise to help develop a broader understanding of dopamine release, diffusion, and receptor activation and how these processes lead to functional outcomes. Electrochemical measurements of dopamine release at individual cells have proven especially informative. We describe incorporation of fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for detection of dopamine release with subcellular spatial resolution and millisecond time resolution. The platform is benchmarked with standard redox probes and then applied to imaging stimulated release from subcellular locations of a coculture of dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes. Voltammetry reveals heterogeneity in release based on time, location, and neuron identity. We believe that this platform ultimately offers a window to understanding neurotransmission in pathophysiological models of disease where cell-cell communication is key.
Light modulates glucose and lipid homeostasis via the sympathetic nervous system
Authors: Chen Xiangning , Lin Eugene , Haghighatian Mozhan M. , Shepard Logan Wallace , Hattar Samer , Kuruvilla Rejji , Zhao Haiqing
Published: December 2024

Light is an important environmental factor for vision and for diverse physiological and psychological functions. Light can also modulate glucose metabolism. Here, we show that in mice, light is critical for glucose and lipid homeostasis by regulating the sympathetic nervous system, independent of circadian disruption. Light deprivation from birth elicits insulin hypersecretion, glucagon hyposecretion, lower gluconeogenesis, and reduced lipolysis by 6 to 8 weeks in male, but not female, mice. These metabolic defects are consistent with blunted sympathetic activity, and indeed, sympathetic responses to a cold stimulus are substantially attenuated in dark-reared mice. Further, long-term dark rearing leads to body weight gain, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Notably, metabolic dysfunction can be partially alleviated by 5 weeks exposure to a regular light-dark cycle. These studies provide insight into circadian-independent mechanisms by which light directly influences whole-body physiology and better understanding of metabolic disorders linked to aberrant environmental light conditions.
Spatiotemporal characterization of water diffusion anomalies in saline solutions using machine learning force field
Authors: Yu Ji Woong , Kim Sebin , Ryu Jae Hyun , Lee Won Bo , Yoon Tae Jun
Published: December 2024

Understanding water behavior in salt solutions remains a notable challenge in computational chemistry. Conventional force fields have shown limitations in accurately representing water’s properties across different salt types (chaotropes and kosmotropes) and concentrations, demonstrating the need for better methods. Machine learning force field applications in computational chemistry, especially through deep potential molecular dynamics (DPMD), offer a promising alternative that closely aligns with the accuracy of first-principles methods. Our research used DPMD to study how salts affect water by comparing its results with ab initio molecular dynamics, SPC/Fw, AMOEBA, and MB-Pol models. We studied water’s behavior in salt solutions by examining its spatiotemporally correlated movement. Our findings showed that each model’s accuracy in depicting water’s behavior in salt solutions is strongly connected to spatiotemporal correlation. This study demonstrates both DPMD’s advanced abilities in studying water-salt interactions and contributes to our understanding of the basic mechanisms that control these interactions.
Molecularly tailorable metal oxide clusters ensured robust interfacial connection in inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Fengzhu , Zhao Chaowei , Li Yanxun , Zhang Zhen , Huang Xiaofeng , Zhang Yuefeng , Fang Jie , Bian Tieyuan , Zeng Zhiyuan , Yin Jun , Jen Alex K.-Y.
Published: December 2024

Interfacial recombination and ion migration between perovskite and electron-transporting materials have been the persisting challenges in further improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Here, we design a series of molecularly tailorable clusters as an interlayer that can simultaneously enhance the interaction with C
60
and perovskite. These clusters have precisely controlled structures, decent charge carrier mobility, considerable solubility, suitable energy levels, and functional ligands, which can help passivate perovskite surface defects, form a uniform capping net to immobilize C
60
, and build a robust coupling between perovskite and C
60
. The target inverted PVSCs achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.6% without the need for additional surface passivation. Crucially, the unencapsulated device displays excellent stability under light, heat, and bias, maintaining 98% of its initial PCE after 1500 hours of maximum power point tracking. These results show great promise in the development of advanced interfacial materials for highly efficient perovskite photovoltaics.
SRC kinase drives multidrug resistance induced by KRAS-G12C inhibition
Authors: Song Xinxin , Zhou Zhuan , Elmezayen Ammar , Wu Runliu , Yu Chunhua , Gao Boning , Minna John D. , Westover Kenneth D. , Zeh Herbert J. , Kroemer Guido , Heasley Lynn E. , Kang Rui , Tang Daolin
Published: December 2024

Direct targeting of the
KRAS-G12C
–mutant protein using covalent inhibitors (G12Ci) acts on human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, drug resistance is an emerging concern in this approach. Here, we show that MRTX849, a covalent inhibitor targeting the
KRAS-G12C
mutation, leads to the reactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in MRTX849-resistant NSCLC and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. A genome-wide CRISPR screen revealed that the adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter ABCC1 mediates MRTX849 resistance. Functional studies demonstrated that the transcription factor JUN drives ABCC1 expression, resulting in multidrug resistance. An unbiased drug screen identified the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib that potentiates MRTX849 efficacy by inhibiting SRC-dependent JUN activation, avoiding multidrug resistance and tumor suppression in vitro as well as in suitable preclinical mouse models and patient-derived organoids. SRC inhibitors (DGY-06-116, dasatinib, and bosutinib) also exhibit synergistic effects with MRTX849 in eliminating various tumor cell lines carrying
KRAS-G12C
mutations. Thus, SRC inhibitors amplify the therapeutic utility of G12Ci.
Rapid prediction of acute thrombosis via nanoengineered immunosensors with unsupervised clustering for multiple circulating biomarkers
Authors: Wang Kaidong , Wang Shaolei , Margolis Samuel , Cho Jae Min , Zhu Enbo , Dupuy Alexander , Yin Junyi , Park Seul-Ki , Magyar Clara E. , Adeyiga Oladunni B. , Jensen Kristin Schwab , Belperio John A. , Passam Freda , Zhao Peng , Hsiai Tzung K.
Published: December 2024

The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic underscores the need for rapid and accurate prediction of clinical thrombotic events. Here, we developed nanoengineered multichannel immunosensors for rapid detection of circulating biomarkers associated with thrombosis, including C-reactive protein (CRP), calprotectin, soluble platelet selectin (sP-selectin), and D-dimer. We fabricated the immunosensors using fiber laser engraving of carbon nanotubes and CO
2
laser cutting of microfluidic channels, along with the electrochemical deposition of gold nanoparticles to conjugate with biomarker-specific aptamers and antibody. Using unsupervised clustering based on four biomarker concentrations, we predicted thrombotic events in 49 of 53 patients. The four-biomarker combination yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.95, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity for acute thrombosis prediction compared to the AUC values for individual biomarkers: CRP (0.773), calprotectin (0.711), sP-selectin (0.683), and D-dimer (0.739). Thus, a nanoengineered multichannel platform with unsupervised clustering provides accurate and efficient methods for predicting thrombosis, guiding personalized medicine.
From synthetic vesicles to living cells: Anchoring conducting polymers to cell membrane
Authors: Biesmans Hanne , Farinotti Alex Bersellini , Abrahamsson Tobias , Arja Katriann , Lindholm Caroline , Strakosas Xenofon , Gerasimov Jennifer Y. , Simon Daniel T. , Svensson Camilla I. , Musumeci Chiara , Berggren Magnus
Published: December 2024

Coupling biology with electronics is emerging as a transformative approach in developing advanced medical treatments, with examples ranging from implants for treating neurological disorders to biosensors for real-time monitoring of physiological parameters. The electrodes used for these purposes often face challenges such as signal degradation due to biofouling and limited biocompatibility, which can lead to inaccurate readings and tissue damage over time. Conducting organic polymers are a promising alternative because of their mechanical, chemical, and physical properties, which better match the ones of biological systems. They also can be synthesized in vivo to form bio-templated structures through biologically compatible manufacturing processes. Here, we report a method to achieve conductive polymer structures anchored to cell membranes, creating an intimate interface between the polymer electrode and single cells. We show that the polymer is nontoxic to cells and does not interfere with its activation, thereby making this process an interesting alternative to existing materials and electrode techniques.
MOGrip: Gripper for multiobject grasping in pick-and-place tasks using translational movements of fingers
Authors: Eom Jaemin , Yu Sung Yol , Kim Woongbae , Park Chunghoon , Lee Kristine Yoonseo , Cho Kyu-Jin
Published: December 2024

Humans use their dexterous fingers and adaptable palm in various multiobject grasping strategies to efficiently move multiple objects together in various situations. Advanced manipulation skills, such as finger-to-palm translation and palm-to-finger translation, enhance the dexterity in multiobject grasping. These translational movements allow the fingers to transfer the grasped objects to the palm for storage, enabling the fingers to freely perform various pick-and-place tasks while the palm stores multiple objects. However, conventional grippers, although able to handle multiple objects simultaneously, lack this integrated functionality, which combines the palm’s storage with the fingers’ precise placement. Here, we introduce a gripper for multiobject grasping that applies translational movements of fingertips to leverage the synergistic use of fingers and the palm for enhanced pick-and-place functionality. The proposed gripper consists of four fingers and an adaptive conveyor palm. The fingers sequentially grasp and transfer objects to the palm, where the objects are stored simultaneously, allowing the gripper to move multiple objects at once. Furthermore, by reversing this process, the fingers retrieve the stored objects and place them one by one in the desired position and orientation. A finger design for simple object translating and a palm design for simultaneous object storing were proposed and validated. In addition, the time efficiency and pick-and-place capabilities of the developed gripper were demonstrated. Our work shows the potential of finger translation to enhance functionality and broaden the applicability of multiobject grasping.
Black in Robotics: Improving community and equity in the field of robotics
Authors: Kennedy Monroe , Howard Ayanna
Published: December 2024

Black in Robotics, a nonprofit organization, has had recent success, but it is the ongoing community participation that will sustain its efforts.
ABCG1 orchestrates adipose tissue macrophage plasticity and insulin resistance in obesity by rewiring saturated fatty acid pools
Authors: Dahik Veronica D. , KC Pukar , Materne Clément , Reydellet Canelle , Lhomme Marie , Cruciani-Guglielmacci Céline , Denom Jessica , Bun Eric , Ponnaiah Maharajah , Deknuydt Florence , Frisdal Eric , Hardy Lise M. , Durand Hervé , Guillas Isabelle , Lesnik Philippe , Gudelj Ivan , Lauc Gordan , Guérin Maryse , Kontush Anatol , Soprani Antoine , Magnan Christophe , Diedisheim Marc , Bluteau Olivier , Venteclef Nicolas , Le Goff Wilfried
Published: December 2024

The mechanisms governing adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) metabolic adaptation during diet-induced obesity (DIO) are poorly understood. In obese adipose tissue, ATMs are exposed to lipid fluxes, which can influence the activation of specific inflammatory and metabolic programs and contribute to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders. In the present study, we demonstrate that the membrane ATP-binding cassette g1 (Abcg1) transporter controls the ATM functional response to fatty acids (FAs) carried by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, which are abundant in high-energy diets. Mice genetically lacking Abcg1 in the myeloid lineage presented an ameliorated inflammatory status in adipose tissue and reduced insulin resistance. Abcg1-deficient ATMs exhibited a less inflammatory phenotype accompanied by a low bioenergetic profile and modified FA metabolism. A closer look at the ATM lipidome revealed a shift in the handling of FA pools, including a redirection of saturated FAs from membrane phospholipids to lipid droplets, leading to a reduction in membrane rigidity and neutralization of proinflammatory FAs. ATMs from human individuals with obesity presented the same reciprocal relationship between
ABCG1
expression and this inflammatory and metabolic status. Abolition of this protective, anti-inflammatory phenotype in Abcg1-deficient ATMs was achieved through restoration of lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) activity, thus delineating the importance of the Abcg1/Lpl axis in controlling ATM metabolic inflammation. Overall, our study identifies the rewiring of FA pools by Abcg1 as a major pathway orchestrating ATM plasticity and insulin resistance in DIO.
Increased keratinocyte activity and PIEZO1 signaling contribute to paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity
Authors: Mikesell Alexander R. , Isaeva Elena , Schulte Marie L. , Menzel Anthony D. , Sriram Anvitha , Prahl Megan M. , Shin Seung Min , Sadler Katelyn E. , Yu Hongwei , Stucky Cheryl L.
Published: December 2024

Recent work demonstrates that epidermal keratinocytes are critical for normal touch sensation. However, it is unknown whether keratinocytes contribute to touch-evoked pain and hypersensitivity after tissue injury. Here, we used a mouse model of paclitaxel treatment to determine the extent to which keratinocyte activity contributes to the severe neuropathic pain that accompanies chemotherapy. We found that keratinocyte inhibition by either optogenetic or chemogenetic methods largely alleviated paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity across acute and persistent time points from 2 days through 3 weeks. Furthermore, we found that paclitaxel exposure sensitized mouse and human keratinocytes to mechanical stimulation and enhanced currents of PIEZO1, a mechanosensitive channel highly expressed in keratinocytes. Deletion of PIEZO1 from keratinocytes alleviated paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice. These findings suggest that nonneuronal cutaneous cells contribute substantially to neuropathic pain and pave the way for the development of new pain relief strategies that target epidermal keratinocytes and PIEZO1.
ATP citrate lyase drives vascular remodeling in systemic and pulmonary vascular diseases through metabolic and epigenetic changes
Authors: Grobs Yann , Romanet Charlotte , Lemay Sarah-Eve , Bourgeois Alice , Voisine Pierre , Theberge Charlie , Sauvaget Melanie , Breuils-Bonnet Sandra , Martineau Sandra , El Kabbout Reem , Valasarajan Chanil , Chelladurai Prakash , Pelletier Andreanne , Mougin Manon , Dumais Elizabeth , Perron Jean , Flamand Nicolas , Potus François , Provencher Steeve , Pullamsetti Soni Savai , Boucherat Olivier , Bonnet Sebastien
Published: December 2024

ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), a crucial enzyme in de novo lipid synthesis and histone acetylation, plays a key role in regulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and survival. We found that human coronary and pulmonary artery tissues had up-regulated ACLY expression during vascular remodeling in coronary artery disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of ACLY in human primary cultured VSMCs isolated from the coronary arteries of patients with coronary artery diseases and from the distal pulmonary arteries of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension resulted in reduced cellular proliferation and migration and increased susceptibility to apoptosis. These cellular changes were linked to diminished glycolysis, reduced lipid synthesis, impairment in general control nonrepressed protein 5 (GCN5)–dependent histone acetylation and suppression of the transcription factor FOXM1. In vivo studies using a pharmacological inhibitor and VSMC-specific
Acly
knockout mice showed that ACLY inhibition alleviated vascular remodeling. ACLY inhibition alleviated remodeling in carotid injury and ligation models in rodents and attenuated pulmonary arterial hypertension in Sugen/hypoxia rat and mouse models. Moreover, ACLY inhibition showed improvements in vascular remodeling in human ex vivo models, which included cultured human coronary artery and saphenous vein rings as well as precision-cut lung slices. Our results propose ACLY as a novel therapeutic target for treating complex vascular diseases, offering promising avenues for future clinical intervention.
Timescales of pluton assembly and growth history of Colorado Plateau lithosphere: Geochronology (U-Pb, K-Ar, and Ar-Ar) and zircon Hf isotopic study of the Mount Hillers intrusive center (Henry Mountains, Utah, USA)
Authors: Paquette Jean-Louis , de Saint-Blanquat Michel , Delpech Guillaume , Horsman Eric , Gannoun Abdelmouhcine , Morgan Sven , Menand Thierry
Published: December 2024

We studied the age, history of emplacement, and source of the Mount Hillers intrusive center (Henry Mountains, Colorado Plateau, Utah, USA) with in situ U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic analysis of the same zircon grains. Inherited cores in all of the zircon grains analyzed allowed us to document the Proterozoic history of the lithosphere of the Colorado Plateau. In addition, K-Ar age dating of feldspars from microgranular matrix and 40Ar/39Ar age dating of hornblende phenocrysts enabled us to compare zircon crystallization and cooling ages. U-Pb data from zircon rims from all of the samples provided consistent ages with a mean value of 25.97 ± 0.11 Ma. Our field mapping and structural data show that the sample set is representative of the entire history of the Mount Hillers intrusive center emplacement. We propose that the 220 k.y. covered by the analytical uncertainties is the minimum duration of emplacement. On the other hand, the maximum duration of 640 k.y. is given by ±2SD of the sample population. The distinct magmatic pulses identified in the field display similar ages within the analytical uncertainties. Given these durations, the averaged vertical displacement rate during emplacement of the Mount Hillers intrusive center was ∼0.3−0.9 cm/yr. The average magmatic flux was between 0.5 km3/yr and 1.6.10−4 km3/yr at the scale of both the entire Mount Hillers intrusive center and individual satellite intrusions. The U-Pb ages of the zircon cores range between 2.16 Ga and 1.05 Ga, with a major frequency peak between 1.45 Ga and 1.3 Ga, and several minor peaks between 1.75 Ga and 1.6 Ga. The 1.8−1.7 Ga Yavapai province and 1.7−1.6 Ga Mazatzal province age signatures are present beneath this part of the Colorado Plateau. Lu-Hf analyses of most of the zircon rims are consistent with those of the cores and show a lower crustal mafic source derived from a 1.8−1.3 Ga depleted-mantle reservoir, which incorporated variable amounts of recycled continental crust over time from 1.5 Ga. Even if both sources were partly mixed, they can still be observed in the Oligocene rims that crystallized during emplacement of the Mount Hillers intrusive center. With this core-rim duality, the data tell two stories that may seem totally disconnected: that of the Proterozoic lithosphere and that of the Oligocene magmatism of the Colorado Plateau. But the U-Pb and Lu-Hf data clearly show that these two stories are coupled. Our data document a magmatic legacy spanning 1.5 b.y. Our work unequivocally shows how important it is to combine robust geochronology based on careful sampling with relative chronology deduced from field-based structural mapping to correctly evaluate the emplacement duration and possibly to temporally discriminate between the different pulses in a pluton.
Common metamorphic P-T-t history of metabasite and metapelite in the Danba Barrovian sequence (SW China): Implications for the Mesozoic tectono-thermal evolution of the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Zhen M.G. , Chen Yi-Chao , Zhang Hui C.G. , Wu Chun-Ming
Published: December 2024

The Mesozoic tectono-thermal evolution of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, SW China, recorded by metamorphic rocks commonly has been investigated using ubiquitous metapelite that characterizes Barrovian sequences. This study examined the metamorphic histories of both the metabasite slivers or lenses and the host metapelite in the Danba dome (eastern Tibetan Plateau, SW China). The metabasite is dominantly composed of amphibole + plagioclase + quartz + ilmenite ± garnet ± biotite ± titanite, with varied bulk-rock compositions. The peak metamorphic pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions (∼5.4−7.8 kbar/∼650−690 °C) of the metabasite and metapelite from the sillimanite zone are almost identical. Zircon U-Pb dating yielded peak metamorphic ages of ca. 192 Ma for the migmatite zone and ca. 188−176 Ma for the sillimanite zone, whereas cooling ages of ca. 169−159 Ma were recorded by most rocks. Combined with the temperatures obtained by Ti-in-zircon thermometry, a relatively slow cooling rate of ∼4.7 °C/m.y. was determined. Zircon ages are consistent for immediately adjacent metabasite and metapelite, and the monazite ages of one metapelite without metamorphic zircon growth also overlap the zircon ages of the neighboring metabasite. These results indicate that the metabasite and metapelite in the Danba dome shared a common metamorphic history. However, the diachronicity of peak metamorphism may imply differential burial of rocks in the Danba dome, that is, earlier burial in the northern part (migmatite zone in the metamorphic core) than in the southern part. The younger age tails (after ca. 160 Ma, particularly in the southern part of the Danba dome) may result from later disturbances related to episodic (ca. 149−148 Ma, ca. 139 Ma, and ca. 128 Ma) thermal activations in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Our data, combined with published data, indicate that the Danba dome and the Longmenshan Thrust Belt in the eastern Tibetan Plateau experienced common Mesozoic tectono-thermal evolution since the Late Triassic−Early Jurassic amphibolite-facies metamorphism.
Unique mercury isotopic signature of mercury-bearing hydrothermal systems in South China and its geological and environmental implications
Authors: Yang Bizheng , Yang Chenchen , Tian Zhendong , Deng Changzhou , Lehmann Bernd , Yin Runsheng
Published: December 2024

The giant South China low-temperature metallogenic domain (LTMD) hosts many low-temperature hydrothermal systems (e.g., the Youjiang Au-As-Sb-Hg ore deposits, Xiangzhong Sb-Au ore deposits, and Xiangqian Hg ore deposits), which provide ∼80% of the global Hg metal production. Here, we study the Hg isotopic composition of the Xiangqian Hg deposits and re-evaluate available data on the Youjiang Au-As-Sb-Hg deposits and Xiangzhong Sb-Au deposits. Cinnabar samples from eight Xiangqian Hg deposits display negative to near-zero Δ199Hg values, suggesting that their Hg is from two sources: (1) the asthenospheric mantle with near-zero Δ199Hg values, and (2) the Precambrian basement with negative Δ199Hg values. Such mixing is also observed in the Youjiang Au-As-Sb-Hg deposits and Xiangzhong Sb-Au deposits. Combining the ages of these deposits, we infer that plate subduction and collision during Caledonian, Indosinian, and Yanshanian tectonic-thermal events triggered lithospheric extension, asthenospheric upwelling, and basement remobilization within the South China craton, leading to the generation of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and metal-rich crustal fluids to form low-temperature hydrothermal systems in the LTMD. This work demonstrates that Hg-bearing low-temperature hydrothermal deposits in China have distinct δ202Hg-Δ199Hg patterns from those in Europe and North and South America, implying that Hg isotopes can be used for tracing the sources of Hg in the global market.
Flipped implantable collamer lens causing angle closure and creating a unique challenge for intraocular lens calculation
Authors: Cunha Bruna , Hipolito-Fernandes Diogo , Pita-Negrão José , Alves Nuno
Published: December 2024

Extreme myopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) poses challenges regarding future intraocular lens (IOL) power selection. A male patient in his 40s complained of progressive right eye (OD) diminished visual acuity. He had a history of myopic LASIK in both eyes (OU) 20 years before, and implantable collamer lens (ICL) implant in OU 8 years before. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/63OD (+2.00–4.00 ×80), with a posterior subcapsular cataract OD and intraocular pressure of 30 mm Hg. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography revealed an upside-down ICL. Lens explantation followed by cataract surgery was decided. The American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery IOL power calculator for prior myopic LASIK was used to determine the IOL power and a monofocal IOL was implanted. One month later, the distance BCVA was 20/32. The IOL power calculation and selection were particularly challenging given the extreme biometric data. In such cases, careful preoperative assessment is critical to achieve a successful result.