bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diferensiasi Produk Sebagai Asesmen Alternatif Bagi Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Misnawati Misnawati , Hayyi Abdul , Muslihatun Muslihatun , Mukhlisin Lalu , Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , Murcahyanto Hary
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penggunaan diferensiasi produk sebagai asesmen alternatif bagi siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan desain pretest-posttest control group, di mana dua kelompok siswa diberikan perlakuan berbeda dalam pembelajaran, yaitu kelompok kontrol yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional dan kelompok eksperimen yang mengalami pembelajaran dengan diferensiasi produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan diferensiasi produk dalam asesmen mampu meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi Bahasa Indonesia secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa diferensiasi produk dapat menjadi alternatif asesmen yang efektif dalam meningkatkan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia bagi siswa.

 

Kata Kunci: Asesmen alternatif, Diferensiasi produk, Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving pada Pembelajaran Fisika Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau
Authors: Arini Wahyu , Ariani Tri , Mustika Merry
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar peserta siswa setelah implementasi model pembelajaran problem solving serta aktivitas guru dan siswa selama proses pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah pre eksperiment design, bentuk pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini semua siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau yang berjumlah 141 dengan sampel penelitian kelas XI MIPA 4 yang berjumlah 34 siswa. Prosedur penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari 3 tahapan, yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan tahapan akhir penelitian. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu berupa tes. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis mengunakan uji-t pada taraf signifikan = 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh implementasi model pembelajaran problem solving terhadap hasil belajar siswa. implementasi model pembelajaran problem solving berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas guru dan siswa di SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau yang terlihat lebih aktif dalam mengikuti proses belajar mengajar.

 

Kata Kunci: Peningkatan, Problem Solving, dan Hasil Belajar
Варіативність показників тиреотропного гормону в клінічній практиці
Authors: Bolgov M.Y. , Omelchuk O.V. , Komisarenko I.I.
Published: January 2024

Визначення тиреотропного гормону гіпофіза (ТТГ) є одним із найбільш поширених аналізів у світі. У статті розглядається варіабельність рівня ТТГ в крові та її причини в контексті надійності оцінки цього показника. Також обговорюється визначення терміну субклінічного гіпотиреозу, а саме того рівню ТТГ, який повинен бути приводом до призначення тироксину. Більшість авторів на сьогодні вважають, що, в загальному випадку, при первинному виявленні гіпотиреозу, призначення тироксину здебільшого потрібно лише при ТТГ >10 мОд/л. Мета дослідження – виявити ступінь розбіжностей між двома вимірюваннями ТТГ з інтервалом не більше 7 діб. Матеріалом дослідження послужили результати неодноразових вимірювань ТТГ (із розмірністю мОд/л) у пацієнтів, за період 2000-2023 рр. Всього таких пар вимірювань ТТГ (із проміжком не більше ніж тиждень) було знайдено в електронному реєстрі 316. Також було проаналізовано випадки, де проміжок між вимірюваннями складав 6, 5, 4 та 3 доби. При цьому пар вимірювань із проміжком у 3 доби виявилось 104. Результати та обговорення. Більшість випадків знаходиться в межах розбіжності значень ТТГ до 10 мОд/л, але значна кількість різниць значень двох вимірювань ТТГ є більшою за 10 мОд/л, та навіть може сягати понад 100 мОд/л. Встановлено відсутність залежності від проміжку часу між двома вимірюваннями, віком пацієнта, а також відсутність кореляції різниці вимірювань ТТГ від року вимірювання (2000-2023). Вважаємо, що розбіжності у вимірюваннях ТТГ за декілька днів наперед за все виникають внаслідок наявності циркадних ритмів, імпульсного характеру секреції та впливу зовнішніх факторів (різниці в часі забору, наявності сніданку і т.ін.). Висновки. Вперше виявлений результат ТТГ поза межами норми не повинен бути підставою для встановлення діагнозу гіпотиреозу та призначення лікування, окрім випадків, коли він цілком відповідає клінічним ознакам та термінове призначення лікування необхідно для покращення стану хворого. При наявності невідповідності результату ТТГ та клінічної картини бажана перевірка в різних лабораторіях, визначення вільних трийодтироніну та тироксину. У будь-яких клінічних випадках, не слід намагатися підтримувати ТТГ у вузьких межах лічених одиниць, бо фактичні коливання при вимірюванні частіше за все є більшими, що робить такі намагання марними.
Стеатотична хвороба печінки, пов’язана з метаболічною дисфункцією ендокринного генезу
Authors: Radchenko O.M. , Urbanovych A.M. , Komarytsya O.Y. , Syaska L.V. , Borovets M.O.
Published: January 2024

Із гормоноцентричною теорією патогенезу, що асоціюється з метаболічною дисфункцією стеатотичної хвороби печінки (МДСХП), пов’язують не тільки ожиріння/надвага та цукровий діабет 2-го типу, а й гіпотиреоз (ГТ), синдром полікістозних яєчників (СПКЯ), гіпогонадизм та дефіцит гормону росту. МДСХП, що асоціюється з ГТ, синдромом полікістозних яєчників, гіпогонадизмом та дефіцитом гормону росту має специфічні механізми прогресування, що зумовлюють погіршення метаболічного фону; вона швидко прогресує до цирозу, що вимагає уваги лікарів. Зміна стилю життя та замісна терапія гормонами зменшують ліпідну інфільтрацію печінки (крім дефіциту гормону росту). Водночас відомості про МДСХП неоднозначні, що зумовило доцільність нашого дослідження. Мета роботи: охарактеризувати особливості МДСХП при ГТ та пояснити їхні провідні механізми. Матеріал і методи. 36 обстежених пацієнтів з артеріальною гіпертензією (АГ), компенсованим ГТ та надвагою/ожирінням (медіана віку – 56,0 років, 33 жінки) склали основну (пацієнти з МДСХП, n=23) та контрольну (пацієнти з інтактною печінкою, n=13) групи. Обстеження проводили за стандартними протоколами з додатковим визначенням лептину. Дані опрацьовані статистично, подані як медіана [нижній квартиль; верхній квартиль], вірогідність визначена за Манном-Уітні, кореляції – за Кендаллом; поріг вірогідності – р<0,05. Результати. У 23 пацієнтів із ГТ та АГ була наявна ендокринна МДСХП, що проявлялось істотним збільшенням правої частки печінки та діаметру портальної вени, більшими морфофункціональними характеристикамиожиріння, гіршим тиреоїд-гормональним профілем та гіперлептинемією в 19 осіб. Висновки. Крім цукрового діабету та ожиріння, МДСХП асоціюється з ГТ, СПКЯ, гіпогонадизмом та дефіцитом гормону росту, коли вона виникає за гормонозалежними механізмами та швидко прогресує, що погіршує перебіг ендокринної патології. У пацієнтів із ГТ МДСХП супроводжувалась гіршими характеристиками ожиріння, тиреоїд-гормонального профілю та гіперлептинемією.
Effects of COVID 19 on Electrocardiographic Parameters
Authors: Yanık Hüseyin , Yaman Selma , Değirmenci Evren
Published: January 2024

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) started in 2019 and became a pandemic by infecting many people all over the world. It is known that COVID-19 affects the heart as well as the respiratory system, and the changes it causes on the electrical activity of the heart are among the common research topics of recent studies. The electrical activity of the heart is measured by Electrocardiography (ECG). While some ECG devices give the ECG signal directly as numeric vector format, others draw the signal on paper or give results as an image. ECG images drawn on paper are usually only visually examined by the doctor, and detailed analysis is mostly attempted with low-accuracy machine learning methods. In this study, a new approach that converts ECG images drawn on paper into signals is proposed. The proposed approach was used to convert the ECG images recorded from COVID-19 and healthy people in an open source ECG image database into signals, and the obtained ECG signals were analysed in detail with signal processing methods and compared statistically between COVID-19 and healthy group and with similar studies in the literature. Results showed that, ECG characteristics were significantly changed with the COVID-19.
Detect People's Faces and Protect Them by Providing High Privacy Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Haider AbdAlkreem Mauj , Sadoon Salman Ruaa , Khiled Al-Jibory Farah
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Facial privacy is essential in our time due to the violations that occur due to the proliferation of social media and people's primary dependence on it. Facial features can be exploited to identify, track, or other matters without obtaining prior consent. This is increasingly important due to the increasing use of facial recognition technologies. Protecting the face and privacy is a challenging task, as the entire world is very widely connected through social networking sites in an uncensored manner, especially in countries with no electronic governance or oversight. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide systems or research that focuses on the issue of facial privacy. In this paper, a system for providing privacy for people was proposed using the WIDER FACE data set, considered the most important among the data sets. The system aims to provide privacy for people by determining the destination that must be preserved and provided with privacy through three technical. The approach goes through several steps: The processing process of the image is achieved by enhancement of the images that are input in the training stage and then dividing the data into a test and training set, and the training stage through the YOLOv6 algorithm (looks only once), and privacy operations including encryption, decryption, mask and blurring in the test part of the data, and conducting an external test for personal photo. The final results of the proposed system were as follows: accuracy = 0.98 in training and 0.96 in testing.
ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ПРИНЦИПІВ УНІВЕРСАЛЬНОГО ДИЗАЙНУ В ОРГАНІЗАЦІЮ ЖИТЛОВОГО ПРОСТОРУ ОСІБ З ІНВАЛІДНІСТЮ
Authors: БАНДУРІНА Катерина
Published: January 2024

У статті розглядається питання необхідності впровадження принципів універсального дизайну в організацію житлового простору осіб з інвалідністю. Конвенція ООН про права людей з інвалідністю визначає необхідність забезпечення особам з інвалідністю доступності фізичного, соціального, економічного та культурного оточення, охорони здоров'я та освіти, а також інформації та зв’язку, що може сприяти створенню для них можливості повною мірою користуватися всіма правами людини та основоположними свободами. Держава має створити для людей з інвалідністю можливість вести незалежний та повноцінний спосіб життя, тобто вжити конкретних заходів для усунення будь-яких перешкод, що утруднюють або унеможливлюють доступ до споруд, транспорту, а також до інших об’єктів і послуг (школи, житлові будинки, медичні установи, аптеки, магазини та робочі місця) для людей з інвалідністю.

Простими методами можна вирішити багато проблем не тільки в районах міст, що знову забудовуються, але і при реконструкції або модернізації житлової забудови та її окремих об'єктів. Ідеї розробляються на основі передових зарубіжних та вітчизняних стандартів, пропозицій та побажань багатьох людей з інвалідністю.
ФІЗИЧНА ТЕРАПІЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ ПІСЛЯ АМПУТАЦІЙ
Authors: ОДИНЕЦЬ Тетяна , БЄЛОВ Євген , ВАНЮК Олександр
Published: January 2024

Реабілітація військовослужбовців внаслідок військових конфліктів чи травматичних подій є актуальним та важливим завданням галузі охорони здоров'я. На жаль, внаслідок активних бойових дій аналогічна ситуація наразі відбувається в Україні і щодня збільшується кількість поранених військових та цивільних громадян, які потребують належної допомоги з боку різних фахівців мультидисциплінарної команди. Мета дослідження: теоретично обґрунтувати особливості фізичної терапії військовослужбовців після ампутацій. Методи дослідження. В роботі були застосовані методи теоретичного рівня дослідження: аналіз, порівняння, індукція, дедукція, систематизація та узагальнення науково-методичної літератури. Результати роботи. Загальнонауковий підхід до фізичної реабілітації військових з ампутаціями базується на впровадженні інноваційних методик, залученні мультидисциплінарних команд фахівців та постійному моніторингу результатів для постійного вдосконалення програм реабілітації. Підготовка пацієнта до протезування починається тільки після зняття швів, з особливою увагою до формування кукси. Кукса повинна мати правильну форму, бути безболісною, забезпечувати стабільну підтримку і бути досить міцною, щоб витримувати навантаження. Спочатку рухливість відновлюється в збережених суглобах ампутованої кінцівки. При зниженні болю і підвищенні рухливості в цих суглобах в терапію включаються вправи для м'язів кукси. Висновки. Фізична терапія військових з ампутаціями представляє собою складний і багатоплановий процес, спрямований на відновлення фізичної функціональності, психологічного комфорту та соціальної інтеграції учасників бойових дій, які стали жертвами втрати кінцівок. Цей процес базується на принципах індивідуалізації, комплексності та поетапності. Вчасне застосування фізичної терапії зможе значно пришвидшити процес повернення військовослужбовців до повноцінного життя.
МОНІТОРИНГ СТАНУ ФІЗИЧНОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ (2016-2023 РР.)
Authors: МОЗОЛЕВ Олександр
Published: January 2024

В статті аналізуються зміни показників стану фізичного здоров’я студентської молоді у період 2016-2023 років. Загальна кількість досліджуваних (n=688). Мета – провести порівняльний аналіз результатів моніторингу стану фізичного здоров’я студентів Хмельницької гуманітарно-педагогічної академії після двох років дистанційного навчання. Методи дослідження включали: аналіз наукових та методичних джерел; опитування; анкетування; педагогічне спостереження; методи дослідження показників антропометричного, функціонального та морфофункціонального стану здоров’я студентів; порівняльний аналіз; методи математичної статистики. Результати дослідження показали, що за два роки дистанційного навчання з фізичного виховання відбулись зміни антропометричних, функціональних та морфофункціональних показників стану здоров’я студентів. Вони вказують на появу зайвої ваги, погіршення показників роботи серцево-судинної та дихальної системи, зниження рівня працездатності студентської молоді. За період дії дистанційного навчання з фізичного виховання вдвічі прискорились негативні тенденції погіршення показників стану фізичного здоров’я студентів. Висновки. Впроваджені технології дистанційного навчання з фізичного виховання студентів дозволяли лише частково вирішити проблеми компенсації низької рухової активності молоді. Недостатній рівень рухової активності студентів та ведення ними малорухливого способу життя негативно вплинув на загальний стан їх фізичного здоров’я. Найефективнішим засобом підвищення показників стану здоров’я студентської молоді є цілеспрямовані, особистісно значущі, систематичні заняття фізичними вправами.
Confluences at The Boundary between Public and Private Property
Authors: Dinu Catalina Georgeta
Published: January 2024

Public property is characterized by an exorbitant legal regime, derogating from common law, as it is exercised over goods in the public domain of the state or administrative-territorial units, in order to protect the general interest. Often, however, in practice, situations are encountered in which the border between public property and private property is subject to misunderstandings between the public authorities representing the state or administrative-territorial units, on the one hand, and private property owners, on the other hand. We will analyse such situations, especially that of expropriation de facto, but also the situation in which there is a wrong application of the legislation on the reconstitution of the right of ownership in the matter of the land fund and in which there are overlaps regarding the same land, between the subject of civil law and the holder of the public property right.
The Workforce Field Challenges in the Light of the New Developments of AI
Authors: Matefi Roxana
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence and its development continue to be hot topics nowadays due to the continuous challenges that they involve. While many are fascinated by AI’s accelerated pace of development and embrace the new technologies wholeheartedly, others seem to be more resistant and reluctant and tend to concentrate mainly on its disadvantages. This article deals with the challenges faced by the European workforce field in the context of the increasing developments of AI.
Roman Law as a Fundament of Modern Civil Law
Authors: Murzea Cristinel Ioan
Published: January 2024

Roman lawmakers and legal advisers have created a system meant to organize social and economic relations in a market economy created by the Roman state, which, because of its great territorial conquests becomes the most powerful state of the Antiquity spread throughout three continents. Roman law was a priceless thesaurus of universal civilization, as it represented the conceptual structure that would later become the basis of all future institutions, principles, and regulations of legal systems. In the modern age, along with the coding activity, Roman law was a theoretical and practical guide for all future regulations.
ChatGPT & Copyright: Key Legal and Moral Implications
Authors: Zia-Ul-Haq Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Chat-GPT being Generative AI, is known for its writing potential. ChatGPT's capabilities to generate text, answer questions, and engage in meaningful conversations are growing exponentially, offering immense potential for both personal and business applications. This transformation is impacting society, raising concerns about copyrights of AI-generated content. Authors and platforms should adopt practices that transparently acknowledge the contributions of both humans and AI. It will help ensure that the produced content is consistent with moral guidelines. Major risks posed by ChatGPT, their legal and ethical implications, findings, and tentative solutions are shared in this research.
Promotion of Human Rights in Albania in Light of its Perspective of Integration into the European Union
Authors: Tiri E. , Aliaj E.
Published: January 2024

Albania, like other countries in the region, has been aspiring to join the EU for two decades. In different periods of the last 20 years, it has taken steps back and forth along the process towards membership. Therefore, in this context, the present paper will analyze the Albanian perspective, with a focus on the promotion of human rights standards in light of its integration into the European Union. This paper aims to comprehend the evolution of Albania about human rights in light of the EU integration perspective and demonstrate that Albania has yet a very long road ahead to become part of the European Union.
An open source platform addressing structural stability risk assessment in historical centres
Authors: Carlucci Renzo , Maniatakis Charilaos , Fayad Philip , Di Iorio Andrea , Sketakis Nikolaus , Spyrakos Costantine , Saroglou Haris , Di Iorio Alessio , Paraskeuas Alexandros , Papadopoulos Nikos
Published: January 2024

The management of stability risk assessment in historical centres in a project that aims to design and develop an open platform where blocks of buildings and large structures may be represented in damage maps before the event occurs, addressing damage forecasts for seismic movements impacting on the structural stability of the CH. The structural stability is calculated using a Matlab code developed at the National Technical University of Athens, translated to an open source programming language (Python)using the software tool GeoPandas to enable operations that would normally require spatial database software (PostGIS). Furthermore, the use of open source technologies like QGIS desktop software will provide open and free access to view and contribute in the future.
MOvEIT: a Proof of Concept of a Road Graph for Late Antique Egypt
Authors: Bogdani Julian
Published: January 2024

In the context of the fruitful collaboration between PAThs, an ERC-funded project, and LAD, the Laboratory for Digital Archaeology at Sapienza University of Rome, an experimental attempt to link between them places being described by the Archaeological Atlas of Coptic Literature developed into a road graph for Late Antique Egypt.Desktop GIS software has been used to build and update the graph by following different sources and methodologies, and the resulting data have been published online as open access (https://paths-erc.eu/moveit/ ). A single-page application was built and is available to provide a graphical user interface to access the data and use the graph to calculate directions from one place to another. The project is opened and shared with the broad community of scholars for further development.
Senescence Targeting Methods Impact Alzheimer’s Disease Features in 3xTg Mice
Authors: Ng Pei Y. , Zhang Cheng , Li Hu , Baker Darren J.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Cellular senescence has been associated with neurodegenerative disease and clearance of senescent cells using genetic or pharmaceutical strategies (senolytics) has demonstrated beneficial effects in mouse models investigating individual disease etiologies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it has remained unclear if senescent cell clearance in a mouse model exhibiting both plaque and tau pathologies modifies the disease state (3xTg).

Objective:

To investigate the effects of senescent cell clearance in the 3xTg mouse model.

Methods:

3xTg mice were treated with senolytics (ABT263 (navitoclax; NAVI), a combination of dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q)), or subjected to transgene-mediated removal of p16-expressing cells (via INK-ATTAC).

Results:

Senolytic treatments consistently reduced microgliosis and ameliorated both amyloid and tau pathology in 3xTg mice. Using RNA sequencing, we found evidence that synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation were attenuated with treatment. These beneficial effects were not observed with short-term senolytic treatment in mice with more advanced disease.

Conclusions:

Overall, our results further corroborate the beneficial effects senescent cell clearance could have on AD and highlight the importance of early intervention for the treatment of this debilitating disease.
Computational methodology to support functional vision assessment in premature infants: A viability study
Authors: Maciel Ricardo Pires , Marchi Bruna Samantha , Silveira Henrique da Silva da , Rodovanski Giovana Pascoali , Al-Rob Aicha , Souza Rodrigo , Costa Marcelo Fernandes , Moran Cristiane Aparecida , Sobieranski Antonio Carlos
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Premature newborns have a higher risk of abnormal visual development and visual impairment. OBJECTIVE: To develop a computational methodology to help assess functional vision in premature infants by tracking iris distances. METHODS: This experimental study was carried out with children up to two years old. A pattern of image capture with the visual stimulus was proposed to evaluate visual functions of vertical and horizontal visual tracking, visual field, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and fixation. The participants’ visual responses were filmed to compose a dataset and develop a detection algorithm using the OpenCV library allied with FaceMesh for the detection and selection of the face, detection of specific facial points and tracking of the iris positions is done. A feasibility study was also conducted from the videos processed by the software. RESULTS: Forty-one children of different ages and diagnoses participated in the experimental study, forming a robust dataset. The software resulted in the tracking of iris positions during visual function evaluation stimuli. Furthermore, in the feasibility study, 8 children participated, divided into Pre-term and Term groups. There was no statistical difference in any visual variable analyzed in the comparison between groups. CONCLUSION: The computational methodology developed was able to track the distances traveled by the iris, and thus can be used to help assess visual function in children.
Transcranial random noise stimulation to augment hand function in individuals with moderate-to-severe stroke: A pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sethi Amit , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Santarnecchi Emiliano , Almalki Ghaleb , Krishnan Chandramouli
Published: January 2024

Background:

Interventions to recover upper extremity (UE) function after moderate-to-severe stroke are limited. Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is an emerging non-invasive technique to improve neuronal plasticity and may potentially augment functional outcomes when combined with existing interventions, such as functional electrical stimulation (FES).

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of combined tRNS and FES-facilitated task practice to improve UE impairment and function after moderate-to-severe stroke.

Methods:

Fourteen individuals with UE weakness were randomized into one of two groups: 1) tRNS with FES-facilitated task practice, or 2) sham-tRNS with FES-facilitated task practice. Both groups involved 18 intervention sessions (3 per week for 6 weeks). tRNS was delivered at 2 mA current between 100–500 Hz for the first 30 minutes of FES-facilitated task practice. We evaluated the number of sessions completed, adverse effects, participant satisfaction, and intervention fidelity between the two therapists. UE impairment (Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity, FMUE), function (Wolf Motor Function Test, WMFT), participation (Stroke Impact Scale hand score, SIS-H), and grip strength were assessed at baseline, within 1 week and 3 months after completing the intervention.

Results:

All participants completed the 18 intervention sessions. Participants reported minimal adverse effects (mild tingling in head). The two trained therapists demonstrated 93% adherence and 96% competency with the intervention protocol. FMUE and SIS-H improved significantly more in the tRNS group than in the sham-tRNS group at both timepoints ( p≤0.05), and the differences observed exceeded the clinically meaningful differences for these scores. The WMFT and paretic hand grip strength improved in both groups after the intervention ( p≤0.05), with no significant between group differences.

Conclusion:

Our findings show for the first time that combining tRNS and FES-facilitated task practice is a feasible and promising approach to improve UE impairment and function after moderate-to-severe stroke.
Re-Examination of Penrose’s and Kerr’s Singularities and the Origin of Protons in Astrophysical Jets
Authors: Šorli Amrit
Published: January 2024

Penrose’s model predicted that in the center of the black hole space-time curvature is infinite and consequently gravity force there is infinite. Kerr’s model predicted ring gravitational singularity inside a black hole. In 2014 NASA measured universal space has Euclidean shape. This means that stellar objects cannot curve universal space and that the space-time singularity model has no physical existence. In the center of black holes energy density of superfluid space is so low that the electromagnetic properties of space are changed. This causes electromagnetic forces between the nucleus and orbiting electrons to become unstable. In the center of a black hole, atoms are falling apart into elementary particles. Black holes are rejuvenating systems of the universe, they transform old matter into fresh energy in the form of elementary particles. Astrophysical jets are the outcome of this process.
Influence of Radiative Components and Meteorological Conditions on Simulation of Slope-Specific Heat Balance
Authors: Nishioka Mito , Yamashita Megumi , Saito Hirotaka
Published: January 2024

Fields have uneven surfaces, such as ridges, and the shortwave radiation of fields differs depending on the orientation of the slope of the unevenness, resulting in variations in the distribution of moisture on the ground surface. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the heat and water balances spatially, taking into account the variation of the moisture distribution on the ground surface. Previously, one-dimensional simulations have been used to estimate the heat and water balance of non-sloping surfaces. To estimate the heat and water balance spatially while taking into account ground surface roughness, it is necessary to first estimate the heat and water balance of the ground surface on the basis of slope orientation. The purpose of this study was to clarify those factors, in addition to shortwave radiation, that affect the heat balance of a bare sloping surface at different orientations. To achieve this, the heat balance calculated using observational data of bare ground, including unevenness, was compared with the heat balance estimated by HYDRUS-1D simulation for each slope orientation. Additionally, the brightness index of RGB images was calculated and compared with the relative ground surface brightness and the estimated heat balance for each slope orientation. The estimated results at night and at sunrise/sunset were extremely small in comparison with the calculated results, and the heat balance simulation in the absence of shortwave radiation remained an issue. The relationship between ground surface brightness and ground conduction heat was completely different depending on slope direction, suggesting that ground surface heat transfer is affected substantially by factors other than shortwave radiation related to slope orientation. The findings indicate that it is necessary to examine the effects of heat transfer in detail to estimate the heat balance related to slope orientation.
Revisiting the binomial daptomycin and enterococci: ecological impact in a hospital in southeastern Spain of an antibiotic of last clinical resource
Authors: Fernández-Alonso J.A. , Pedrosa-Corral I. , Franco-Acosta A. , Expósito-Ruíz M. , Aznarte-Padial P. , Navarro-Marí J.M. , Gutiérrez-Fernández J.
Published: January 2024

Background: It analyzes the evolution of the susceptibility profile to different antibiotics, including daptomycin, of isolates of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis from urinary cultures, together with the consumption of this antibiotic and a systematic review.
Methods: Studies published before 2022 on the genetic profiles of resistance of infection-producing enterococci are reviewed, using the MEDLINE database. Urinary enterococci are described between 2012 and 2021. Information on daptomycin consumption was collected. Its relationship with non-susceptibility was analyzed, and whether the existence of this altered the susceptibility profiles to other antibiotics analyzed.
Results: There is a heterogeneous group of genes that are altered when non-susceptibility to daptomycin occurs, such as the LiaFSR and YycFGHIJ systems and the enzymes Cls and GdpD, mainly involved in the response to stress in the cell membrane and in the control of the concentration of phospholipids in the membrane. It is shown that, in the case of E. faecium, there is a positive correlation between the consumption of daptomycin and the increase in non-susceptible isolates, in the same way that non-susceptibility to daptomycin is associated with alterations in the susceptibility profile of the isolates for some antibiotics, both for E. faecium and for E. faecalis.
Conclusion: After the systematic review carried out, it is concluded that there are genes responsible for the lack of susceptibility to daptomycin. There is a positive correlation between the use of daptomycin and non-susceptibility, the greater the use, the greater the non-susceptibility to the antibiotic. Sensitivity profiles to other antibiotics are associated with non-susceptibility to daptomycin.
State primary standard of the unit of overpressure in the range of static pressure from 10 to 1600 MPa and in the range of impulse pressure
Authors: Gavrilkin S. M. , Borovkov V. M. , Aslanyan A. E. , Temnitskii I. N. , Fedorov A. O. , Yurov L. V. , Aslanyan E. G. , Shvydun V. V. , Shchipunov A. N.
Published: January 2024

The necessity and relevance of precision pulse pressure measurements in industry (high-speed technological processes) and transport (existing and new types of engines) is shown. The device, the principle of operation and the result of metrological studies of the State Primary Standard of the unit of overpressure in the range of static pressure from 10 to 1600 MPa and in the range of pulse pressure from 1 to 1200 MPa and the effective area of piston pairs of piston pressure gauges in the range from 0.05 to 1 cm2 GET 43-2022 are presented. The GET 43-2022 includes hydraulic and pneumatic installations, as well as an ultra-high pressure valve designed to compare installations from the GET 43-2022 composition working with different standard fl uids in the range of 250-1200 MPa. The reproduction range of the pulse pressure unit GET 43-2022 is 1-1200 MPa. The method of reproducing the pulse pressure unit in liquid and gas media using hydraulic and pneumatic installations is described. The metrological characteristics of GET 43-2022 are investigated, the budget of measurement uncertainty is calculated when reproducing the pulse pressure unit. The results obtained make it possible to meet the needs of the development of a fl eet of working standards for pulse pressure measuring instruments traceable to GET 43-2022.
Synthesis of MnO/SiO2/C composite being used as anode material for Li-ion batteries by sol-gel method
Authors:   Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Science, Tan Phat Vu ,   Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Anh Huynh Nguyen Khoa ,   Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Science; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Gia Phung Thinh ,   Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Science; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Van Nguyen Hoang ,   Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Science; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Van Tran Man ,   Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Science; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, My Loan Le Phung ,   Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Science; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: January 2024

In this study, MnO/SiO2/C material was synthesized by sol-gel method used as anode electrode for Li-ion battery. X-ray diffraction results (XRD) showed that the diffraction peak position about 18o, 19,5o, 36o, 45o và 67,5o (2q ) characteristic of commercial SiO2. The peak about 22 - 23o and 43 - 44o were indicating amorphous carbon which was decomposed organic components in argon enviroment. The positions at 35o, 41o and 59o were characteristic of MnO. Two obvious peaks at 1363 and 1595 cm-1 are specified as the D-band and the G-band of carbon, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy image (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) image showed spherical particles, about 15 - 50 nm, covered evenly on the surface. Amorphous carbon and MnO were mixed together to form blocks with different diameters from 1 - 8 um. The Li-ion coin cell were using MnO/SiO2/C anode material exhibited a high capacity of 800 mAh/g at current density of 1.0 A/g and stabilized after 100 cycles with the coulumbic efficiency > 98%. The capacity tends to increase in first 10 cycles, suitable for full – cell Li-ion assembly.
Microplastic pollution in clam (Meretrix Lyrata Sowerby, 1851) at Mekong Delta river, Vietnam
Authors:   University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Thị Gia Hằng Nguyễn , Thi Kim Do Nhi ,   Lam Son Junior High School – HCMC, Vietnam, Thuy Thanh Nguyen Mai Tran ,   University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Ba Thanh Thanh ,   University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Thi Anh Tran Dao ,   University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Xuan Le Thuyen ,   University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: January 2024

The problem of microplastic pollution (<5 mm) is becoming one of the biggest challenges facing countries. One of the problems is the export value of seafood products. Therefore, to assess the microplastic accumulation in clam (Meretrix lyrata), this study investigated the concentration of microplastics (MPs) in clam and their habitat in four clam culture beds (Tan Thanh, Ba Tri, Ganh Hao, and Ba Dong) in three consecutive months (from January to March 2020). The samples were analyzed by the method of oxidation of organic compounds and MPs flotation solution. The result showed that the concentrations of MPs in all three types of samples (seawater, surface sediment, and clam tissues respectively 36,66 ± 11.94 items 1 L- of seawater; 169.34 ± 42.01 items 1 kg- of soil; 13.79 ± 1.06 items individual- 10 g-, w.w) were markedly different between the four clam culture beds in three months (p-value <α = 0.05). Among which, the natural clam culture at Ganh Hao beach had the lowest concentration of MPs compared to Tan Thanh, Ba Dong, and Ba Tri cultured beds by households. Furthermore, the concentration of MPs in March was also the lowest compared to January and February. Hard plastic fibers were found the most (> 50%) compared to other types of plastic. The conclusion that microplastics have appeared everywhere in the environment and were found in the organism of clam, affecting the life of aquatic organisms.
Study on the morphological and physiological changes of the peltate glandular trichome development in holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) leaf
Authors:   Nong Lam University - Ho Chi Minh City, Xuan Phan Anh ,   University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thanh Tran Huong ,   University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Trang Bui Viet
Published: January 2024

The essential oil is a main product of Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.). It present mainly in the peltate glandular trichomes. Therefore, the morphological and physiological changes during the development of peltate glandular trichomes are of great interest. In this paper, the morphological changes of glandular trichomes, the relationship between glandular trichomes and leaf development, and the physiological changes during leaf development of Holy basil were analyzed. The Holy basil peltate glandular trichomes were formed at the early stage of leaf development (leaf primordia) and continuously renewed during leaf development. The development of peltate glandular trichomes of Holy basil included four main stages: initiation, shaping, secretory cavity formation and essential oils accumulation. The formation of peltate glandular trichomes started at the beginning of leaf rapid growth while the accumulation of essential oils occurred at the slow mature growth and strongly increased at the stationary growth phase. The intensity of photosynthesis and respiration of leaves increased strongly during the period of rapid growth. The activities of auxins and cytokinins in leaf were very high at the beginning of the rapid growth stage while gibberellin activity was high only at the end of the rapid growth stage. Treatment with 1 mg/L gibberellic acid increased the length of branch, area of leaf, and the content of the essential oil.
Some terpenoids from Ficus pumila
Authors:   Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Dieu Nguyen Lien Hoa , Nguyen Chi Ngoc ,   Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City
Published: January 2024

Ficus pumila L. is a species of the plant family Moraceae, distributed mainly in the tropical and subtropical Asia. It is a creeping shrub, growing on walls, rocks, tree trunks, and is cultivated for shade or ornamental purposes. All the plant organs are used in folk medicine for the treatment of diseases such as pain, rheumatism, hematuria, chronic dysentery, hemorrhoids and osteoporosis. Terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, phenolic acids and coumarins are main classes of compounds found in this species, and exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and inhibit the growth of several cancer cell lines. In Vietnam, there have been not many reports on the chemical constituents of F. pumila. In this study, we report the results of isolation and structure determination of four compounds from the stems and roots of this species collected in Lam Dong Province. Extraction was carried out using a Soxhlet extractor with ethyl acetate as the solvent. Recovery of the solvent produced an ethyl acetate extract. Compound isolation was performed using column chromatography on silica gel. Chemical structures were determined by analysis of the NMR spectra and comparison of the spectral data with relevant literature values. Four terpenoids comprising two dinorsesquiterpenoids, (6S,9R)-vomifoliol (1) and (6S)-dehydrovomifoliol (2), a sesquiterpenoid, phaseic acid (3), and a triterpenoid, methyl (2α,3β)-2,3-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oate (4), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract. Among the compounds, 3 and 4 are reported here for the first time from this species.
Seismic interpretation and data management by using opendtect and qgis: case study in the North Sea, Netherlands
Authors:   University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Công Võ Hậu , Văn Anh Lê Cường ,   University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Văn Nguyễn Thuận ,   University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: January 2024

Seismic exploration method is one of the most important geophysical methods widely applied in the survey of deep geological structures. The seismic wave diagram is related to the acoustic impedance characteristics of the rock environment to help reflect the images of geological objects below. Effective management of the resulting data before and after seismic interpretation will help scientists have an overview in assessing geological objects to be studied. This management process is demonstrated by the need for information to be arranged in a unified manner and the need to quickly update and extract the resulting information. In this paper, our interest is in analyzing seismic data to highlight geological features including gas chimneys and geological fault systems in the North Sea region, the Netherlands. I will conduct two phases of analysis to serve the data management process. First, seismic properties such as entropy and homogeneity composition properties are applied to clarify the position of gas chimneys and geological faults in three-dimensional space. The second process is to extract the interpretation results of these two features into an open source geographic information system. As a result, each feature will be represented on a geographic map through their coordinate value along with images of the object's seismic properties.
A semi-automatic approach to biomedical semantic role corpus construction
Authors:   Faculty of Information Technology, University of Sciences, VNUHCM, Vietnam, Nguyên Hoài Đức Tuấn , Hoàng Văn Thức ,   Viettel Business Solutions Corporation, Vietnam, Phạm Hữu Sang ,   VietBanDo Solution CO.,LTD, Vietnam
Published: January 2024

A semi-automatic solution to build a biomedical semantic role corpus named PASBio+ was proposed. The corpus was annotated with a predicate argument structure, the important information that revealed the main content of a sentence. Because more than 86% of the arguments in the biomedical domain significantly differed from those in the general domain, this proposed corpus was labeled on top of 317 labeled sentences from PASBio, the argument frameset specifically designed for the Biomedical domain. From these sentences, the proposed semi-automatic solution additionally generated 87 sentences which were manually annotated by our experts. More instances were further generated by using the virtual example method, a powerful and flexible data augmentation technique that has been successfully applied in a wide range of tasks. Specifically, two sequential rules (the swap rule and the replace rule) were proposed to ensure that the biomedical knowledge was always kept correct. PASBio+ was also augmented by adding grammatical variants of the original sentences which kept the corpus having a wide coverage of diverse natural writing styles. In addition, from the very beginning, the PASBio's original sentence set was also enriched by an external text source which was an additional set of sentences selected from GREC biomedical corpus. As a result, a corpus with 2,500 fully labeled sentences with a uniform frequency distribution among predicates was obtained, thereby eliminating the problem of data sparsity and helping to restrict the overfitting in machine learning. The experimental results showed that when using the augmented corpus to train a semantic role labeling model, an increase in the F score by 52.2% or 22.5% were obtained compared to those trained by using the original PASBio corpus or a general domain one, respectively.
Study on indole adsorption of Zr-and Hf-based metal-organic frameworks for fluoride ion detection
Authors:   Faculty of Material science, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Ngoc Ha Thanh ,   Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam,   Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Published: January 2024

Zr- and Hf-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently garnered much attention especially for water purification such as removal of toxic organic compounds in fertilizers, pesticides, and metal ions. Moreover, these MOFs are candidates for biosensor materials due to their low toxicity, diverse properties, high surface area, active sites, and stability. In this research, Zr- and Hf-BDC materials were prepared by a solvothermal method and characterized by advanced techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scaning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption. The structural and property analysis results showed that Zr-BDC and Hf-BDC have high crystallinity, thermal stability over 500oC, and surface area according to the B.E.T equation from 950 to 1450 m2 g-1. These MOFs exhibited indole adsorption with capacities of over 150 mg g-1 and loading efficiency above 80%. The ability of the Zr-BDC and Hf-BDC to capture fluoride ions after indole encapsulation was demonstrated based on the fluorescence on and off mechanism of the indole signal compound. The indole carrier system showed an effective capture of fluoride ions at a concentration of 1000 ppm after 120 min. This study demonstrated the potential of porous materials carrying indole signaling compounds in the fabrication of sensors that capture fluoride ions in water and in biological environments.