bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How People with Hearing Disabilities Deal with Collective vs. Private Emergencies
Authors: Tannenbaum-Baruch Carolina , Aharonson-Daniel Limor , Feder-Bubis Paula
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

People with hearing disabilities (PwHDs) often do not receive the warnings sent out to the general community during emergencies. Our goal was to identify the obstacles preventing PwHDs from accessing vital information in routine circumstances and during general emergencies.

Method:

This study was conducted from November 2018 through July 2020. We used a mixed-methods approach. The qualitative portion consisted of a standardized, open-ended interview with 19 PwHDs from various socio-economic backgrounds, religions, areas of residence and levels of hearing disability about coping with emergency situations in Israel. Grounded theory was used for analysis of the findings. The quantitative portion consisted of a cross-sectional survey of 288 PwHDs focused on perceptions of their self-efficacy in dealing with emergencies, methods of communication and accessibility of services. Using the Qualtrics survey platform with Israel sign language videoclips that included subtitles in straightforward Hebrew increased the participation. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS ver.23.

Results:

Most respondents explained that their responses differed depending on whether the emergency is collective or personal.

1. Collective emergencies: Events such as earthquakes or wars that affect everyone. Most solutions provided to the general population are not accessible to or suitable for PwHDs.

2. Private emergencies: PwHDs often encounter personal emergencies such as difficulty asking for help on the street, the inability to contact call centers or the difficulty in obtaining accessible information from organizations.

Conclusion:

The distinction between types of emergencies requires the development of different resources for dealing with routine issues and public emergencies. The latter affect PwHDs less than private emergencies. Standards of accessibility must be established for places providing services both during the day and at night, such as emergency rooms, telephone service centers, clinics, etc. These standards are the basis that which will allow for PWHDs to communicate independently.
Impact of Virtual Disaster Collaboration Exercises on Disaster Leadership at Hospitals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sultan Mohammed , Khorram-Manesh Amir , Carlström Eric , Berlin Johan , Sørensen Jarle Løwe
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

This study measured the impact of virtual three-level collaboration (3LC) exercises on participants’ perceived levels of collaboration, learning, and utility (CLU) at hospitals in the southern region of Saudi Arabia. Our 3LC exercise is a tabletop training tool used to facilitate disaster education and document CLU. This model enables the practitioner to acquire new knowledge and promotes active learning.

Method:

An English version of the CLU scale, the validated Swedish survey tool, was applied to 100 health-care managers or leaders in various positions at both the operational and tactical levels after conducting the 3LC exercises.

Results:

The results show that most participants strongly agreed that the exercises focused on collaboration (r2 = 0.767) and that they had acquired new knowledge during the exercises. There was a statistically significant association between participation in the collaboration exercises and perceived learning (r2 = 0.793), as well as between perceived learning and utility (r2 = 0.811).

Conclusion:

This study confirms the feasibility of three level collaboration exercises conducted virtually. Our work also demonstrates that learning depends on collaboration practices and that collaboration exercises before crises can help to build qualities that people can apply in daily life. Collaboration elements exercised in this study contributed to perceived learning. There was a strong covariation between participation in the participants’ collaboration exercises and perceived learning and utility. The virtual three-level collaboration exercises were well received by the participants and achieved an acceptable collaboration, learning, and utility score. Although exercises were conducted virtually, they were well received by the participants and achieved a value M = 4.4 CLU score, which opens up new dimensions in collaboration simulation exercises, at least from an organizational perspective, in a world with an increasing number of disasters and public health emergencies.
Overview of Medical Countermeasures (MCM) for the Treatment of Monkeypox in United States (US) Children During the 2022 Multinational Monkeypox Response
Authors: Godfred-Cato Shana , Kimball Anne , Yu Yon , Pao Leah Zilversmit , Yu Patrician , Fehrenbach Nicole
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

During the 2022 Multinational Monkeypox Response, cases of Monkeypox illness reported in children and adolescents in the US were rare. Early in the response, little was known about MCM safety and efficacy for treating monkeypox in children and adolescents. As cases in children and adolescents increased, knowledge about safety and efficacy evolved.

Method:

Cases of monkeypox in children <18 years of age across the US were reported to CDC. MCM consultations from clinical and regulatory affairs subject matter experts supported clinician administration and management of antiviral and immunoglobulin treatment. Data from the first pediatric cases were collected to help answer some of these questions on the use of MCM in pediatric populations.

Results:

Across the US, 116 cases of monkeypox in children <18 years of age have been verified through October 2022. Of these cases, 41 occurred in patients twelve years of age or less, with 75 cases in adolescents 13-17 years of age. Ten percent of patients were hospitalized, none required ICU care and no deaths occurred. Children were most commonly hospitalized due to young age, rash near or including the eye, secondary bacterial infections, or pain management. At least eleven patients with confirmed orthopoxvirus were treated with tecovirimat and two with Vaccinia Immune Globulin. Those who received MCM recovered and tolerated treatments well with one patient stopping treatment secondary to development of a drug rash.

Conclusion:

Data on the safety and efficacy of MCM for monkeypox are limited in pediatric populations. As of November 3, 2022, most cases of monkeypox in the pediatric population in the 2022 monkeypox outbreak were mild and self-limited. Patients who received MCM recovered and tolerated treatments without serious adverse events. These findings can inform clinicians and public health providers about the clinical features of monkeypox in children and provide information about MCM treatment options.
Hazmat and Hate: Planning and Response for Special Operations Teams to a Neo-Nazi Public Demonstration
Authors: Abo Benjamin , Slish John
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

October 18, 2017 an unfortunately popular white supremacist brought hate and thousands of protesters to the University of Florida in Gainesville, FL just months after the violent domestic terrorist attacks in Charlottesville, VA. The threats, violent possibilities, and intense planning undertaken by law enforcement and fire-rescue were hugely successful.

Method:

Multi-faceted planning from law enforcement, to crowd control, to medical emergency response, to fire suppression, to hazardous material detection and response, to rescue task forces, to extreme sides to protesting... all proved hugely successful.

Results:

While there was still violence, complex plans of violence among protests were successfully thwarted.

Conclusion:

The coordination between Gainesville Fire Rescue, Gainesville Police Department, Alachua County Sheriff's Office, Florida Highway Patrol, the University of Florida and more was hugely successful and something to be proud of despite such hatred and violence projected while also protecting the first amendment.
Development and Validation of the Parental Expectations Scale (PES)	in Parents From Romania
Authors: Dănilă Ingrid , Balazsi Robert , Tăut Diana , Băban Adriana , Foran Heather
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Social cognitive models of parenting consider the role of unrealistic parental expectations (UE) regarding children’s abilities and behaviors as antecedents to the occurrence of child abuse. However, existing self-report measures of UE yield inconsistent results, often failing to differentiate aggressive and non-aggressive parents, raising questions about their validity and utility in understanding maladaptive parenting. To address these concerns, we developed and tested a new measure of parental UE in two samples of parents. The first sample ( N = 179) was used to test the initial structure of the scale, while the second sample ( N = 249) was used to replicate the structure and examine the concurrent validity, criterion validity, and internal consistency of the new measure. The final scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency, criterion, and concurrent validity. More unrealistic expectations predicted unique variance in parental negative behavior after controlling for other related variables. The current study provides preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the Parental Expectations Scale (PES), discussing its utility in the clinical assessment of parents at risk for child abuse and in tailoring parenting interventions.
Dimensionality, Factorial Invariance, and Cross-Cultural Differential	Item Functioning of the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) in Italian, Romanian, and UK	Samples
Authors: Fino Emanuele , Popușoi Simona A. , Holman Andrei C. , Iliceto Paolo , Heym Nadja
Published: June 2023

Abstract: The present research tested the dimensionality and cross-cultural differential item functioning of the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4; Paulhus et al., 2021 ) in samples of university students (total N = 804) from Italy ( N = 268), Romania ( N = 313), and the United Kingdom ( N = 223), respectively. Multidimensional Item Response Theory was used to model the data and ordinal logistic regression for differential item functioning analyses. The results showed that a four-factor model was the best fit for the data. However, the model showed metric non-invariance between the three samples, as well as non-negligible differential item functioning for several items in each of the four factors, in line with findings from previous research on cultural differences in antagonistic traits. Implications for theory and research are discussed.
Measuring Rape Empathy Among University Men in Vietnam
Authors: Bergenfeld Irina , Minh Tran Hung , Yount Kathryn M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Background: Empathy for rape victims is a correlate of sexual aggression and a target of interventions to reduce sexual violence on university campuses. Methods: We administered 17 adapted items from the Rape Empathy Scale to 793 first-year male undergraduates in Hanoi, Vietnam, in September 2020 and March-May 2020. Exploratory/confirmatory factor analysis (EFA/CFA) assessed factor structure and multiple group confirmatory factor analysis assessed measurement equivalence across those reporting different frequencies of sexually violent behavior and over time. Results: The final unidimensional, 10-item scale demonstrated equivalence across groups and over time. Correlations of the scale with rape myths and knowledge of the legality and harm of sexual violence suggested discriminant validity. Latent victim empathy was lower among participants who reported any recent sexually violent behavior. Conclusions: The adapted, validated Rape Empathy Scale-10 provides a useful tool for measuring rape empathy in sexual violence prevention interventions in Southeast Asia.
Polarimetric Decomposition and Machine Learning‐Based Classification of L‐ and S‐Band Airborne SAR (LS‐ASAR) Data
Authors: Verma Shatakshi , Kumar Shashi , Dsouza Hamish
Published: June 2023

The polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data sets have been widely exploited for land use land cover (LULC) classification due to their sensitivity to the structural and dielectric properties of the imaging target. In this study, the potential of fully polarimetric L‐ and S‐band Airborne SAR (LS‐ASAR) data sets were explored for the machine‐learning‐based classification of Urban, Vegetation, Waterbody, and Open Ground. This work was done by utilizing dual‐frequency L‐ and S‐band airborne data of Santa Barbara, California, USA, acquired under the Airborne SAR (LS ASAR) campaign, a precursor airborne mission to the space‐borne NASA‐ISRO (NISAR) mission. The LS‐ASAR polarimetric information was utilized for LULC classification using the SVM classifier. The roll‐invariant Barnes, and eigenvalue/eigenvector‐based Cloude and H/A/Alpha decomposition were implemented to retrieve the scattering parameters. The backscatter response of classes was studied, and separability analysis was done to reduce the misclassification error between six class pairs‐ Vegetation—Urban, Vegetation—Waterbody, Vegetation—Open Ground, Urban—Waterbody, Urban—Open Ground, and Water—Open Ground. The decomposition models failed to achieve the desirable separability index for all six class pairs; consequently, the classification of Barnes, Cloude, H/A/Alpha decomposition showed misclassification between vegetation‐urban class, and waterbody‐open ground class for both L‐ and S‐band data sets. The effort was made toward improving the classification accuracy by integrating the roll‐invariant and eigenvalue‐eigenvector scattering parameters of the multifrequency L‐ and S‐band data set. This method presented the desirable separability index for all class‐pair; eventually highest classification accuracy was achieved i.e. 93.35% ( = 0.91) by significantly reducing the misclassification error between class pairs.
Water Balance Shifts Induced by Multiyear Drought Within the Budyko Framework
Authors: Liu Qiang , Yang Yuting , Liang Liqiao , Yan Denghua , Wang Xuan , Sun Tao , Li Chunhui
Published: June 2023

Climate change intensification can induce unprecedented alterations to global hydrological cycling. This study employed the Budyko framework to assess water balance shifts induced by resultant multiyear drought events, selecting 1,258 among 3,347 globally distributed catchments. Here, the precipitation (P) deficit was used to identify long‐term drought, while the Budyko framework was used to explore the impact of long‐term drought on changes in streamflow (Q). Additionally, this study developed a novel method (the trigonometric function decomposition method (TFD method)) to analyze Q change induced by climate and catchment properties changes. Results showed that: (a) long‐term drought has caused catchment property parameter (n) increase (i.e., n is 2.14 and 2.33 during non‐drought period and drought period in 1,258 catchments, respectively), which will alter P partitioning into E and Q; (b) sensitivity analysis presented n is most sensitive to changes in aridity index, while effective rooting depth (Ze) contributed larger magnitude in variability of n; (c) a reduction in the magnitude of Q decreased under a reduction in climatic aridity, which were primarily controlled by climate changes (average value, 80.83%), while asymmetrical effects of Q reduction were induced by catchment property changes and suggested Q reduction were weakened in arid and humid regions, while strengthened in semi‐arid and sub‐humid regions. Together, these factors all indicated that multiyear drought events can significantly alter Q, while the hydrological response to drought events was characterized by complex mechanisms. Clarifying the hydrological response to multiyear drought events will help us better understand how climate change affects water resources.
Impact Evaluation of Water Infrastructure Investments: Methods, Challenges and Demonstration From a Large‐Scale Urban Improvement in Jordan
Authors: Jeuland Marc , Orgill‐Meyer Jennifer , Morgan Seth , Hudner Daniel , Pucilowski Mateusz , Wyatt Alan , Shafei Mohammed , Cajka James , Albert Jeff
Published: June 2023

Impact evaluation (IE) of large infrastructure presents numerous challenges, and investments in urban piped water and sanitation are no exception. Here we present methods for more systematic assessment of the implications of such interventions, discussing tradeoffs between validity, relevance and practicality that arise from alternative approaches. Then, to more clearly illustrate the many issues that typically arise in such IEs, we draw on an example application in Zarqa, Jordan, where the Millennium Challenge Corporation invested about US$275 million to upgrade and extend piped water and sewer networks, as well as increase the capacity of the country's largest wastewater treatment plant. The theory of change for the intervention took a systems view of impacts: the project aimed to improve water supply to urban areas while maintaining flows to irrigators through enhanced wastewater reuse. The case adds valuable evidence on the impacts of large infrastructure investments and illustrates well the challenges of capturing spillovers, mitigating study contamination, maintaining statistical power, and determining overall welfare effects, in situations involving diverse market and nonmarket impacts. These limitations notwithstanding, the application highlights the high value of conducting IEs, and why applied researchers should not give up on pragmatic and interdisciplinary collaborations to evaluation in the face of complex interventions.
Fast and Efficient Analysis of Receiving Antennas Enclosed by Variable‐Thickness Radome
Authors: Ke Haiwen , Wang Pengyuan , Li Ji , He Mang
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the full‐wave volume‐surface integral equation (VSIE), the modified surface integration (MSI) method, and the ray‐tracing process are combined to efficiently analyze the electromagnetic performance of receiving antennas enclosed by radome with variable thickness. The mutual interactions between the antenna and the radome are considered by coupling the VSIE and MSI in a nested iterative manner, in which the VSIE is applied to model the complex antenna with composite conductor‐dielectric structure, while the MSI method is used to deal with the large‐size dielectric radome. To improve modeling accuracy of the MSI method for multilayered radome with variable thickness, the ray‐tracing technique is incorporated to calculate the angles of incidence and refraction at each interface and the local thickness of the dielectric wall for each sampling ray and then the local transmission matrix. Numerical results illustrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Recent advances in the role of miRNAs in post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zhu Ziyu , Huang Xuekang , Du Mengran , Wu Chenrui , Fu Jiayuanyuan , Tan Weilin , Wu Biying , Zhang Jie , Liao Z. B.
Published: June 2023

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is usually considered a psychiatric disorder upon emotional trauma. However, with the rising number of conflicts and traffic accidents around the world, the incidence of PTSD has skyrocketed along with traumatic brain injury (TBI), a complex neuropathological disease due to external physical force and is also the most common concurrent disease of PTSD. Recently, the overlap between PTSD and TBI is increasingly attracting attention, as it has the potential to stimulate the emergence of novel treatments for both conditions. Of note, treatments exploiting the microRNAs (miRNAs), a well-known class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have rapidly gained momentum in many nervous system disorders, given the miRNAs’ multitudinous and key regulatory role in various biological processes, including neural development and normal functioning of the nervous system. Currently, a wealth of studies has elucidated the similarities of PTSD and TBI in pathophysiology and symptoms; however, there is a dearth of discussion with respect to miRNAs in both PTSD and TBI. In this review, we summarize the recent available studies of miRNAs in PTSD and TBI and discuss and highlight promising miRNAs therapeutics for both conditions in the future.
Determination of the effect of abiotic stress on the oxidative potential of edible potato tubers
Authors: Wszelaczyńska Elżbieta , Pobereżny Jarosław , Gościnna Katarzyna , Szczepanek Małgorzata , Tomaszewska-Sowa Magdalena , Lemańczyk Grzegorz , Lisiecki Karol , Trawczyński Cezary , Boguszewska-Mańkowska Dominika , Pietraszko Milena
Published: June 2023

Stress factors occurring during the growing season and potato storage, can negatively affect the quality of tubers, including an increased tendency to enzymatic darkening. Abiotic stress due to water shortage is a major factor limiting agricultural production. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of cultivation technology based on the use of biostimulant, hydrogel and irrigation as well as storage on the propensity to darkening and the content of sugars and organic acids. The results show that genotypic and technological variability in interaction with growing season conditions had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the oxidative potential (OP) of potato tubers. The Denar cultivar, compared to the ‘Gardena’, was characterized by a lower tendency to enzymatic darkening. Application of biostimulant and hydrogel generally contributed to lowering the oxidative potential of the tested cultivars. The application of anti-stress agents had no effect on organic acid content. The long-term storage caused an increase in the content of total sugars (TS) (22%), reducing sugars (RS) (49%), chlorogenic acid (ACH) (11%), and loss of ascorbic acid (AA) (6%) in the tubers which contributed to an increase in the oxidative potential of potato tubers (16%). The correlation coefficients obtained (p < 0.05) confirm the dependence of OP on the concentration of organic acids.
Application of additional three-dimensional materials for education in pediatric anatomy
Authors: Youn Joong Kee , Park Han Sang , Ko Dayoung , Yang Hee-Beom , Kim Hyun-Young , Yoon Hyun Bae
Published: June 2023

We conducted this study to investigate the effects of additional education using 3D visualization (3DV) and 3D printing (3DP) after applying 2D images for anatomical education in normal pediatric structures and congenital anomalies. For the production of 3DV and 3DP of the anatomical structures, computed tomography (CT) images of the four topics (the normal upper/lower abdomen, choledochal cyst, and imperforate anus) were used. Anatomical self-education and tests were administered to a total of 15 third-year medical students with these modules. Following the tests, surveys were conducted in order to evaluate satisfaction from students. In all four topics, there were significant increases in the test results with additional education with 3DV after initial self-study with CT (P < 0.05). The difference in scores was highest for the imperforate anus when 3DV supplemented the self-education. In the survey on the teaching modules, the overall satisfaction scores for 3DV and 3DP were 4.3 and 4.0 out of 5, respectively. When 3DV was added to pediatric abdominal anatomical education, we found an enhancement in understanding of normal structures and congenital anomalies. We can expect the application of 3D materials to become more widely used in anatomical education in various fields.
Nerve conduction studies through landmark based recording and effects of hand length
Authors: Yaranagula Sai Deepak , Koduri Venkata Krishna Chaitanya , Babu P. Suresh , Veligonda Thriveni
Published: June 2023

As per existing guidelines, the distance between stimulator and recording electrodes in nerve conduction studies (NCS) should be the same (fixed) in all the subjects, i.e., it should not be based on anatomical landmarks. However, there are no studies comparing fixed distance recordings with landmark based NCS. We postulated that hand length can influence the NCS parameters in fixed distance recordings and this can be nullified using landmark based recordings. To test this theory, we performed NCS in 48 normal subjects as per standard guidelines (standard protocol) and then compared it to NCS with ulnar styloid as the landmark (modified protocol). NCS were performed on median and ulnar nerves of the right upper limb. Three motor NCS parameters including distal latency, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes and nerve conduction velocities were measured. Sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes and conduction velocities were the two sensory parameters measured. On analysis, ulnar motor conduction velocity was the only parameter affected by hand length in both standard and modified protocols. Modified protocol did not have any additional advantage to the standard protocol advised by NDTF. We conclude that the NDTF guidelines are therefore reasonable when considering the effects of hand length. Possible reasons for this result including anatomical and anthropometric explanations are discussed.
Clinical and radiological efficacy of spino-pelvic fixation in the treatment of neuromuscular scoliosis
Authors: Yang Jae Hyuk , Kim Hong Jin , Chang Dong-Gune , Nam Yunjin , Park Gi Seul , Na Dong Gyoon , Suh Seung Woo
Published: June 2023

Pelvic fixation is performed to obtain proper coronal and sagittal alignment when the pelvic obliquity is more than 15º in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS). Since many NMS patients were wheelchair or bed-ridden status, there has been controversy on the effect of pelvic fixation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of pelvic fixation on correction of spinal deformity and quality of life (QoL) in NMS patients. A total of 77 NMS patients who underwent deformity correction were divided into three groups and retrospectively analyzed preoperatively, postoperatively, and at 2-year follow-up: pelvic fixation group (Group A, n = 16), fixed to S1 (Group B, n = 33), and fixed to L5 (Group C, n = 28). The correction rate of scoliosis was 60.0%, 58.0%, and 56.7% in groups A, B, and C, respectively, with no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The correction rate of pelvic obliquity was 61.3%, 42.8%, and 57.5% in respective groups A, B, and C, with no significance (P > 0.05). The correction loss of scoliosis and pelvic obliquity showed no statistical significance between three groups for 2-year follow-up (all Ps > 0.05). There were no significant differences regarding clinical outcomes and postoperative complications among the three groups (all Ps > 0.05). Therefore, pelvic fixation using iliac screws is not substantially influencing radiological and clinical outcomes in the patients with NMS.
Mechanisms of synergistic suppression of ALK-positive lung cancer cell growth by the combination of ALK and SHP2 inhibitors
Authors: Berry M. A. , Bland A. R. , Ashton J. C.
Published: June 2023

Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths. Alectinib is the first line of treatment for patients with ALK-positive lung cancer, but the survival rate beyond 2–3 years is low. Co-targeting secondary oncogenic drivers such as SHP2 is a potential strategy for improving drug efficacy. This is because SHP2 is expressed ubiquitously, but ALK expression is largely restricted to cancer cells. Thus, the combination of ALK and SHP2 inhibitors may provide a way to restrict synergistic cytotoxicity to cancer cells only, by reducing the dose of SHP2 inhibitors required for anticancer action and minimising SHP2-dependent systemic toxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the combination of a SHP2 inhibitor (SHP099) with alectinib would synergistically suppress the growth of ALK-positive lung cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that the drug combination significantly and synergistically decreased cell viability at relatively low concentrations in ALK-positive H3122 and H2228 cells, due to G1 cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis because of suppressed downstream RAS/MAPK signalling. The drug combination also induced the expression of mediators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, Bim and cleaved caspase-3, and modulated the expression of cell cycle mediators cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and phosphorylated CDK1.
Modelling ligand depletion for simultaneous affinity and binding site quantification on cells and tissue
Authors: Weber Judith , Djurberg Klara , Lundsten Salomonsson Sara , Kamprath Maria , Hoehne Aileen , Westin Hadis , Vergara Fernanda , Bondza Sina
Published: June 2023

The quantification of the number of targets in biological systems is an important parameter to assess the suitability of surface markers as targets for drugs, drug delivery and medical imaging. Likewise, quantifying the interaction with the target in terms of affinity and binding kinetics is essential during drug development. Commonly used approaches to quantify membrane antigens on live cells are based on manual saturation techniques that are labour-intensive, require careful calibration of the generated signal and do not quantify the binding rates. Here, we present how measuring interactions in real-time on live cells and tissue under ligand depletion conditions can be used to simultaneously quantify the kinetic binding parameters as well as the number of available binding sites in a biological system. Suitable assay design was explored with simulated data and feasibility of the method verified with experimental data for exemplary low molecular weight peptide and antibody radiotracers as well as fluorescent antibodies. In addition to revealing the number of accessible target sites and improving the accuracy of binding kinetics and affinities, the presented method does not require knowledge about the absolute signal generated per ligand molecule. This enables a simplified workflow for use with both radioligands and fluorescent binders.
Attention and schema violations of real world scenes differentially modulate time perception
Authors: Tachmatzidou Ourania , Vatakis Argiro
Published: June 2023

In the real world, object arrangement follows a number of rules. Some of the rules pertain to the spatial relations between objects and scenes (i.e., syntactic rules) and others about the contextual relations (i.e., semantic rules). Research has shown that violation of semantic rules influences interval timing with the duration of scenes containing such violations to be overestimated as compared to scenes with no violations. However, no study has yet investigated whether both semantic and syntactic violations can affect timing in the same way. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the effect of scene violations on timing is due to attentional or other cognitive accounts. Using an oddball paradigm and real-world scenes with or without semantic and syntactic violations, we conducted two experiments on whether time dilation will be obtained in the presence of any type of scene violation and the role of attention in any such effect. Our results from Experiment 1 showed that time dilation indeed occurred in the presence of syntactic violations, while time compression was observed for semantic violations. In Experiment 2, we further investigated whether these estimations were driven by attentional accounts, by utilizing a contrast manipulation of the target objects. The results showed that an increased contrast led to duration overestimation for both semantic and syntactic oddballs. Together, our results indicate that scene violations differentially affect timing due to violation processing differences and, moreover, their effect on timing seems to be sensitive to attentional manipulations such as target contrast.
Design and fabrication of a super-wideband transparent antenna implanted on a solar cell substrate
Authors: Rohaninezhad Mohammadreza , Jalali Asadabadi Meysam , Ghobadi Changiz , Nourinia Javad
Published: June 2023

In this study, an antenna with transparent super wideband CPW technology has been designed and built with the combination of solar panels for use in wireless communication equipment and systems that require mobile power. The transparency value of the antenna is 63.3%, which is an acceptable value for the optimal use of sunlight. The proposed antenna was designed and measured on a plexi-glass substrate with a dielectric constant of$${{\varvec{\upvarepsilon}}}_{{\varvec{r}}}=4.4$$εr=4.4and various thicknesses, the proposed antenna was designed and measured. The copper sheet has a high electrical conductivity and therefore it was selected for the antenna's radiating component as compared to earlier techniques that employed metal oxide. All simulations were done with CST microwave studio software and frequency domain solver. The results indicated that the antenna's operating frequency ranges from 2 to 32 GHz. The results of the computations indicated that the antenna's peak gain and peak efficiency are 8.1 dB and 90%, respectively. Various multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) performance parameters, including the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), average effective gain (MEG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and channel capacity loss (CCL), were analyzed to demonstrate the antenna's performance.
Transcriptomics-driven drug repositioning for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Adikusuma Wirawan , Zakaria Zainul Amiruddin , Irham Lalu Muhammad , Nopitasari Baiq Leny , Pradiningsih Anna , Firdayani Firdayani , Septama Abdi Wira , Chong Rockie
Published: June 2023

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common complication of diabetes and can lead to severe disability and even amputation. Despite advances in treatment, there is currently no cure for DFUs and available drugs for treatment are limited. This study aimed to identify new candidate drugs and repurpose existing drugs to treat DFUs based on transcriptomics analysis. A total of 31 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and used to prioritize the biological risk genes for DFUs. Further investigation using the database DGIdb revealed 12 druggable target genes among 50 biological DFU risk genes, corresponding to 31 drugs. Interestingly, we highlighted that two drugs (urokinase and lidocaine) are under clinical investigation for DFU and 29 drugs are potential candidates to be repurposed for DFU therapy. The top 5 potential biomarkers for DFU from our findings are IL6ST, CXCL9, IL1R1, CXCR2, and IL10. This study highlights IL1R1 as a highly promising biomarker for DFU due to its high systemic score in functional annotations, that can be targeted with an existing drug, Anakinra. Our study proposed that the integration of transcriptomic and bioinformatic-based approaches has the potential to drive drug repurposing for DFUs. Further research will further examine the mechanisms by which targeting IL1R1 can be used to treat DFU.
A croconic acid-derived narrow band gap conjugated microporous polymer
Authors: Enoch S. , Nipate Atul B. , Lakshmi Vellanki , Malakalapalli Rajeswara Rao
Published: June 2023

A croconic acid-integrated novel conjugated microporous polymer has been developed, which exhibits near-IR absorption (red edge ∼1350 nm), a narrow bandgap (<1 eV) and high electrical conductivity upon doping (0.1 S m−1).
Unlocking chloride sensing in the red at physiological pH with a fluorescent rhodopsin-based host
Authors: Phelps Shelby M. , Tutol Jasmine N. , Advani Deeya , Peng Weicheng , Dodani Sheel C.
Published: June 2023

We have engineered a rhodopsin-based ratiometric fluorescent biosensor for chloride that is membrane-bound, operates across a physiological pH regime, and has the farthest red single-photon excitation and emission profile to date.
Growth mechanism of metal halide perovskite single crystals in solution
Authors: Liao Mingquan , Xia Mengling , Xu Yinsheng , Lu Ping , Niu Guangda
Published: June 2023

The difference in the growth mechanism between MHP SCs in solution and traditional SCs synthesized by the melting method is specifically focused on, encompassing a discussion of the dissolution, nucleation, and growth processes.
MROX 2.0: a software tool to explore quantum heterostructures by combining X-ray reflectivity and diffraction
Authors: Magalhães S. , Cachim C. , Correia P. D. , Oliveira F. , Cerqueira F. , Sajkowski J. M. , Stachowicz M.
Published: June 2023

New software for the fitting of XRR measurements is developed. It is exemplified on 1 to 10 Si/Ge periods grown on Si template samples and on (001) substrates and one complex ZnO/Zn1−xMgxO superlattice grown on a m-ZnO substrate.
Selective capacitive removal of Pb2+ ion contaminants from drinking water via nickel foam/Mn2CoO4@tannic acid-Fe3+ electrodes
Authors: Tang Changbin , Yu Yongqi , Shi Yuzhu , Li Yanrong , Zhang Yujie , Xue Juanqin
Published: June 2023

The strong complexation between TA-Fe3+ and Pb2+ can selectively remove Pb2+ from complex water via an electrosorption process.
Theoretical screening of a graphyne-supported transition metal single-atom catalyst for the N2 reduction reaction
Authors: Li Min , Fang Qinglong , Zhao Xumei , Xia Caijuan , Wang Anxiang , Xie You , Ma Fei , She Jianmei , Deng Zhongxun
Published: June 2023

The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising technology for the synthesis of NH3 in an ambient environment.
Tunnel electroresistance effect in a two-dimensional organic ferroelectric tunnel junction
Authors: Han Huizhen , Zhang Xiaoli , Kang Lili , Zheng Xiaohong , Zhao Gaofeng
Published: June 2023

The mechanism behind the TER effect in organic SHLGA is based on the unique built-in electric field.
Increasing the photocatalytic degradation rate of a rGO/PVA nanocomposite decorated with ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Faeq Rana Ismael , Jaafar Safanah Sahib , Naji Amel Muhson , Mohammed Mustafa K. A. , Nief Olfat A.
Published: June 2023

To enhance the photocatalytic performance of rGO/PVA, ZnO nanoparticles were added to the rGO/PVA structure, and a triple rGO/PVA/ZnO nanocomposite was developed.
Fabrication of Schottky barrier diodes utilizing carboxylate bridged trinuclear mixed valence cobalt(iii/ii/iii) complexes of tetradentate N2O2donor reduced Schiff base ligands
Authors: Bhunia Sudip , Das Pubali , Banerjee Snehasis , Gomila Rosa M. , Drew Michael G. B. , Frontera Antonio , Ray Partha Pratim , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: June 2023

The band gaps in three new mixed valence trinuclear cobalt complexes in their solid state have been determined experimentally and also by DFT calculation. The complexes have been used to fabricate Schottky barrier diodes.
Sensitivity to Semantic Relationships in U.S. Monolingual English-Speaking Typical Talkers and Late Talkers
Authors: Curtis Philip R. , Estabrook Ryne , Roberts Megan Y. , Weisleder Adriana
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Late talkers (LTs) are a group of children who exhibit delays in language development without a known cause. Although a hallmark of LTs is a reduced expressive vocabulary, little is known about LTs' processing of semantic relations among words in their emerging vocabularies. This study uses an eye-tracking task to compare 2-year-old LTs' and typical talkers' (TTs') sensitivity to semantic relationships among early acquired words.

Method:

U.S. monolingual English-speaking LTs (
n
= 21) and TTs (
n
= 24) completed a looking-while-listening task in which they viewed two images on a screen (e.g., a shirt and a pizza), while they heard words that referred to one of the images (e.g.,
Look! Shirt!
; target-present condition) or a semantically related item (e.g.,
Look! Hat!
; target-absent condition). Children's eye movements (i.e., looks to the target) were monitored to assess their sensitivity to these semantic relationships.

Results:

Both LTs and TTs looked longer at the semantically related image than the unrelated image on target-absent trials, demonstrating sensitivity to the taxonomic relationships used in the experiment. There was no significant group difference between LTs and TTs. Both groups also looked more to the target in the target-present condition than in the target-absent condition.

Conclusions:

These results reveal that, despite possessing smaller expressive vocabularies, LTs have encoded semantic relationships in their receptive vocabularies and activate these during real-time language comprehension. This study furthers our understanding of LTs' emerging linguistic systems and language processing skills.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23303987
Code-Switching During Narratives by Bilingual Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Gross Megan C. , Castilla-Earls Anny
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

This study examined the frequency, direction, and structural characteristics of code-switching (CS) during narratives by Spanish–English bilingual children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD) to determine whether children with DLD exhibit unique features in their CS that may inform clinical decision-making.

Method:

Spanish–English bilingual children, aged 4;0–6;11 (years;months), with DLD (
n
= 33) and with typical language development (TLD;
n
= 33) participated in narrative retell and story generation tasks in Spanish and English. Instances of CS were classified as between utterance or within utterance; within-utterance CS was coded for type of grammatical structure. Children completed the morphosyntax subtests of the Bilingual English-Spanish Assessment to assist in identifying DLD and to index Spanish and English morphosyntactic proficiency.

Results:

In analyses examining the contributions of both DLD status and Spanish and English proficiency, the only significant effect of DLD was on the tendency to engage in between-utterance CS; children with DLD were more likely than TLD peers to produce whole utterances in English during the Spanish narrative task. Within-utterance CS was related to lower morphosyntax scores in the target language, but there was no effect of DLD. Both groups exhibited noun insertions as the most frequent type of within-utterance CS. However, children with DLD tended to exhibit more determiner and verb insertions than TLD peers and increased use of “congruent lexicalization,” that is, CS utterances that integrate content and function words from both languages.

Conclusions:

These findings reinforce that use of CS, particularly within-utterance CS, is a typical bilingual behavior even during narrative samples collected in a single-language context. However, language difficulties associated with DLD may emerge in how children code-switch, including use of between-utterance CS and unique patterns during within-utterance CS. Therefore, analyzing CS patterns may contribute to a more complete profile of children's dual-language skills during assessment.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23479574
Disparities in Health Care Utilization Among Deaf and Hard of Hearing Adults
Authors: Gonzalez Valeria C. , Santiago Zulma Y. , Jacobs Molly , Ellis Charles
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

A substantial literature exists, documenting differences in access to quality health care among individuals of different racial/ethnic, residence, income, and disability groups. However, little attention has been given to disparate utilization among those who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences between individuals with and without hearing-related issues using a nationally representative survey of health care access outcomes to quantify the magnitude of these differences.

Method:

Using data from the 2021 Centers for Disease Control Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, we compared health care utilization between individuals who reported being DHH and those without hearing-related issues. Logistic regression models were used to explore differences in access to care between DHH and non-DHH individuals controlling for sociodemographic characteristics.

Results:

The total Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey sample consisted of 412,427 respondents. Among those were 36,532 (6.85%) who identified as DHH. Logistic models indicated that DHH adults were less likely to have a personal health care provider (odds ratio [
OR
] = 0.91, 95% CI [0.83–2.03]) and less likely to have received a routine checkup within the last 2 years (
OR
= 0.91, 95% CI [0.82–1.02]) but more likely to have forgone health care due to difficulty paying (
OR
= 1.90, 95% CI [1.71–2.06]) compared to those without hearing difficulties. Differences were robust to race, sex, and other demographic factors.

Conclusions:

Significant differences in health care utilization were observed between DHH and non-DHH individuals. This is concerning given that DHH adults have a higher prevalence of many chronic conditions that require clinical management. These results indicate that health care providers and systems must offer greater communication options to facilitate better health-related outcomes.
Optimized hybrid YOLOu‐Quasi‐ProtoPNet for insulators classification
Authors: Stefenon Stefano Frizzo , Singh Gurmail , Souza Bruno José , Freire Roberto Zanetti , Yow Kin‐Choong
Published: June 2023

To ensure the electrical power supply, inspections are frequently performed in the power grid. Nowadays, several inspections are conducted considering the use of aerial images since the grids might be in places that are difficult to access. The classification of the insulators' conditions recorded in inspections through computer vision is challenging, as object identification methods can have low performance because they are typically pre‐trained for a generalized task. Here, a hybrid method called YOLOu‐Quasi‐ProtoPNet is proposed for the detection and classification of failed insulators. This model is trained from scratch, using a personalized ultra‐large version of YOLOv5 for insulator detection and the optimized Quasi‐ProtoPNet model for classification. For the optimization of the Quasi‐ProtoPNet structure, the backbones VGG‐16, VGG‐19, ResNet‐34, ResNet‐152, DenseNet‐121, and DenseNet‐161 are evaluated. The F1‐score of 0.95165 was achieved using the proposed approach (based on DenseNet‐161) which outperforms models of the same class such as the Semi‐ProtoPNet, Ps‐ProtoPNet, Gen‐ProtoPNet, NP‐ProtoPNet, and the standard ProtoPNet for the classification task.
Coordinated multi‐agent hierarchical deep reinforcement learning to solve multi‐trip vehicle routing problems with soft time windows
Authors: Zhang Zixian , Qi Geqi , Guan Wei
Published: June 2023

Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a widespread problem in the transportation field, which challenges the intelligent level of vehicle decisions. Multi‐Trip Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (MTVRPTW), as a further evolved problem of VRP considering multiple departures from one depot and temporal constraint of visiting nodes, has developed into one of the critical issues in the scheduling of logistics, bus transit, railway, and aviation. Traditionally, MTVRPTW is solved by the heuristic algorithm, which is generally time‐consuming and of non‐steady results. Reinforcement learning (RL) and multi‐agent framework have become popular in solving VRP to get better performance. However, the lack of variant dimensions in searching space and knowledge exchange between agents inhibit the further improvement of algorithms. Therefore, a Coordinated Multi‐agent Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning (CMA‐HDRL) method is proposed in this study to enhance the overall solution quality and convergence rate by constructing a three‐layered structure (time, communication, and global layers), which is particularly designed to handle the state space explosion and improve the collaboration between agents. The results show that the proposed method can significantly outperform the general genetic algorithm (GA), RL, multi‐agent algorithm, and hierarchical algorithm, not only from the effectiveness on the cost consisting of travel time and penalty time but also from the operation robustness.