bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Annealing in Potassium Chromate: A Comparison of Chromium-51 Annealing Kinetics in Neutron Irradiated and in 51Cr(III)-doped Potassium Chromate
Authors: Collins C. H. , Collins K. E , Ghoos Y. F. , Apers D. J.
Published: June 2015

Close quantitative similarity is observed between the kinetics of thermal annealing of chromium-51 in neutron irradiated, inactive-Cr(III)-doped potassium Chromate and in 51Cr(III)-doped potassium Chromate when both types of crystals have received similar levels of radiation damage. This similarity suggests that the same annealing mechanism might he operating in both kinds of crystals. Several possible oxidative annealing mechanisms for potassium Chromate are discussed.
Über den 36Cl- und 82Br- Isotopenaustausch in festen Co- und Rh-dihalobis-(äthylendiamin)- halogeniden und den Einfluß von Röntgen- und γ-Strahlen
Authors: Schmidt G. B. , Rössler K.
Published: June 2015

Der 36Cl- bzw. 82Br-Isotopenaustausch zwischen kovalent- und ionisch-gebundenen Halogenatomen wurde in kristallinem cis- und trans-[Co(en)2Cl2] Cl und trans- [Co(en)2 Br2] Br zwischen 100 und 170 °C untersucht, sowie im trans-[Rh(en)2 Cl2]Cl zwischen 170 und 300 °C. Die Aktivierungsenergien dieser Austauschreaktionen wurden zu 30-34 kcal/mol ermittelt.

Durch eine Vorbestrahlung mit Röntgen- oder 60Co-γ-Strahlen steigt die Geschwindigkeit des Isotopenaustausches im festen trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl mit der Dosis stark an. Röntgenbremsstrahlung ist wirksamer als 60Co-γ-Strahlen. Der Austausch dürfte nach einem Sprungmechanismus an Fehlstellen im Gitter erfolgen.
Tipi da commedia? Personaggi e trame nel Corpus Lysiacum
Authors: Colla Elena
Published: June 2015

Modern scholars have sometimes noticed in the Lysianic speeches some affinities with characters and plots of the (New) Comedy. Through a survey of the corpus, this paper resumes the critical data, adds some new elements of similarity, not only with Comedy, but generally with literature and suggests that Lysias usually worked in this way. If so, it could be preferable to suppose that the logographer took the cue not from comedy, but from everyday life; secondarily, that he sketched characters and plots starting from the particular (his client) to the general; finally, that these artistic elements were useful to jury's persuasion and not added to a following publication.
Rhétorique biblique, rhétorique de l'énigme
Authors: Meynet Roland
Published: June 2015

The aim of classical rhetoric is to convince and persuade. Being essentially enigmatic, biblical rhetoric invites the reader to reflect by himself to find the solution, respecting his freedom, his dignity and responsibility.
Development and validation of a bi-directional allele-specific PCR tool for differentiation in nurseries of dura, tenera and pisifera oil palms
Authors: Reyes Paola A. , Ochoa Juan Camilo , Montoya Carmenza , Daza Edison , Ayala Ivan M. , Romero Hernán Mauricio
Published: June 2015

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruits are classified by shell thickness into three types: dura, pisifera, and tenera, the last one being the product of a dura × pisifera cross. The palm oil industry relies on the use of high-yield tenera plant material for production; however, it is usually generated with female infertile pisifera, so early identification of this trait is very important to oil production and breeding programs. Recently, the mapping and sequencing of the SHELL gene, which is responsible for endocarp formation in oil palms, made it possible to identify two mutations (type SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism) that affect its function and that are useful to developing molecular markers for predicting shell thickness. The aim of this study was to standardize PCR-based methodologies in order to detect the SNP observed in codon 30 and validate it under our E. guineensis biological collections. We achieved the differentiation of SHELL alleles with both allele specific PCR and CAPS with the restriction enzyme HindIII in homozygous and heterozygous plants that contained the described mutation, and the prediction was correlated with the phenotype observed in oil palm fruits. These methodologies facilitated the discrimination of plants by fruit type in nursery and pre-nursery stages 24 months before production started, thereby reducing the time and area used in oil palm breeding programs.
Perception of change in living conditions and diet among rural Latino immigrants
Authors: Hermosa Maroly , Tineo María , Aranda Yesid , Posada Germán
Published: June 2015

Thirteen percent of the total population of the United States (US) is composed of immigrants. Mexicans accounted for about three-quarters of the increase in the Hispanic population from 2000 to 2010. The social and economic problems facing this population in their countries of origin are fueling migration to the US, in search of new opportunities. The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the changes in living conditions (housing, health, education) and the dietary intake (ex - ante and ex - post) of the Latino immigrant population that emigrated from rural areas in Mexico. The participants were attendees of the Purdue Extension Learning Network of Clinton County, who filled out a questionnaire with open and closed questions. The results evidenced the perception of improved quality of life variables related to housing, access to utilities and education, and a change with a tendency for increases in their consumption of fast food, processed food and soda, generating negative effects in terms of an increase in being overweight and obesity, and particularly a lowered consumption of products from their traditional diet.
Percepção dos Consumidores Relativamente à Carne de Bovino: cenários de escolha a partir de grupos de discussão
Authors: Viegas Inês , Santos José Manuel Lima , Fontes Magda Aguiar
Published: June 2015

Nas economias desenvolvidas, a segurança dos alimentos, o bem-estar animal e o ambiente têm vindo a assumir relevância nas preocupações dos consumidores. Procurámos saber, através da metodologia dos grupos de discussão (focus groups) realizados em duas cidades de Portugal, Lisboa e Porto, as preocupações e perceções dos consumidores relativamente a estes atributos, os quais são essencialmente acreditados. Este conhecimento é fundamental para a aplicação posterior de métodos de preferências declaradas. Foi ainda possível obter, com base em exercícios de seleção entre carnes diferenciadas, e através de um modelo logit, intervalos de preços passíveis de serem utilizados posteriormente na definição de cenários em experiências de escolha (método de preferências declaradas).
Descrição de três novas espécies do gênero Melittomma (Coleoptera: Lymexylidae) da região neotropical e considerações sobre Melittomma brasiliense (Castelnau, 1832)
Authors: FONSECA Cláudio Ruy Vasconcelos da , VIEIRA Maria de Fátima
Published: June 2015

Estudo taxonômico das espécies neotropicais de Melittomma é apresentado, enfatizando as espécies distribuídas no território brasileiro. Discute-se brevemente os caracteres diagnósticos de M. brasiliense com dados de sua distribuição geográfica; descrições e ilustrações de três novas espécies, Melittomma nana sp.n. distribuída pela região Neotropical, Μ. brunnea sp.n. da Amazônia Central e M. panamensis sp.n. do Panamá, são apresentadas.
Variações morfológicas do Labelo de Catasetum barbatum (Lindl.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae)
Authors: da ROCHA Antônio Elielson Sousa , da SILVA João Batista Fernandes
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho apresenta as variações morfológicas no labelo da flor de Catasetum barbatum (Lindl.) Lindl. em material oriundo de comunidades naturais na Amazônia legal e no Brasil Central. Foram reconhecidas 16 variações em 4 habitats diferentes, provavelmente relacionadas com mudanças nas características ecológicas do meio. São apresentadas ainda distribuição geográfica e ilustrações das variações do labelo.
Socio-economic and cultural factors associated with smoking prevalence among workers in the National Health System in Belo Horizonte
Authors: Barbosa Luiz Fábio Machado , Machado Carla Jorge
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors related to smoking among health workers of the National Health System in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study based on a survey conducted between September 2008 and January 2009 with a stratified sample. Data on sociodemographic, health, employment, and work characteristics were analyzed. Poisson regression models with robust variance and estimation of unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios were used to establish associations at a 5% significance level for inclusion in the final model. RESULTS: In 1,759 questionnaires analyzed, in which the question related to smoking was answered, the overall prevalence of smoking was 15.7%. Reasonable relationship between requirements and available resources remained negatively correlated to smoking in the final model (PR = 0.75; 95%CI 0.58 - 0.96). The variables that remained positively associated with smoking were being male (PR = 1.75; 95%CI 1.36 - 2.25) and the following positions: community health workers (PR = 2.98; 95%CI 1.76 - 5.05), professionals involved in monitoring (PR = 3.86; 95%CI 1.63 - 5.01), administrative and other general services workers (PR = 2.47; 95%CI 1.51 - 4.05); technical mid-level workers (PR = 2.23; 95%CI 1.31 - 3.78), including nurses and practical nurses (PR = 2.07; 95%CI 1.18 - 3.64). CONCLUSION: Specific occupational subgroups were identified and should be prioritized in smoking cessation and prevention programs.
Correspondence between overweight and socioeconomic and demographic indicators in the adult Brazilian population
Authors: Silva Vladimir Schuindt da , Souza Israel , Silva Diego Augusto Santos , Petroski Edio Luiz , Fonseca Maria de Jesus Mendes da
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE: To verify the correlation between overweight and socioeconomic and demographic indicators among Brazilian adults, using data from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey from 2008/2009. METHODS: We analyzed the joint relationships between overweight and socioeconomic and demographic indicators in the Brazilian adult population (99,532,672 individuals), through the multiple correspondence analysis technique. RESULTS: The featured profile of the Brazilian adult population with regard to overweight was correlated with ages from 30 years of the most developed and economically social geographic regions of Brazil; however between genders, the correlation was in the opposite direction in the variables income, education, and subjective issues about life conditions related to food and nutrition security. CONCLUSION: By the joint relationship between overweight and selected demographic and socioeconomic indicators, the urgency of the development of strategies and/or preventive public health programs of health problems with overweight in the Brazilian adult population is suggested.
Les mécanismes de coordination de pactes d’actionnaires dans la finance solidaire
Authors: Terrisse Pascale Chateau
Published: June 2015

Cet article étudie le pacte d’actionnaires dans deux organisations de capital-risque solidaire, comme un outil qui gère la relation entre les fonds et les entreprises financées par les fonds. Les résultats montrent que la rationalité altruiste induit des mécanismes de convergence des intérêts entre fonds et cibles fondés sur la confiance alors que la rationalité économique mobilise des moyens de coordination préconisés par la théorie de l’agence. Cet article contribue à mieux comprendre les mécanismes de coordination des pactes d’actionnaires en les détaillant et en les liant aux rationalités présentes dans les organisations. Il permet enfin, de mettre en avant les moyens de coordination solidaires, issus de la rationalité altruiste.
« Pour Piketty » Une nouvelle pensée des Lumières pour les sciences humaines et de gestion
Authors: Jardat Rémi
Published: June 2015

Cet article vise à aider les managers comme les chercheurs en gestion à prendre la juste mesure scientifique et sociétale du désormais célèbre travail de Piketty. Il confronte les critiques francophones actuelles à une lecture approfondie du « sytème » Piketty, et propose les premières leçons pour les sciences de gestion. Enfin, le positionnement de Thomas Piketty par rapport au marxisme est spécifié et argumenté sur des bases scientifiques et épistémologiques.
Impacts of Rice-Prawn Farming System on Farm Productivity, Food Security and Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Khulna District
Authors: Barmon Basanta Kumar
Published: June 2015

The present study was undertaken to assess the impacts of rice-prawn gher (RPG) system on farm productivity, food security and poverty reduction in Bangladesh. In this study, farm survey data, extracted from a comprehensive questionnaire from two study villages viz. Bilpabla (RPG farming) and Chanchra (year-round modern varietyYRMV) located in Khulna and Jessore district, respectively were analyzed deliberately. This study consists of a random selection of ninety farmers from Bilpabla Village and one-hundred farmers from Chanchra. The study indicates that RPG farming system has significant impacts on farm productivity. On an average, yield of modern variety (MV) was reasonably higher in RPG farming system than that of YRMV farming system. In addition, the households engaged in RPG farming system (Bilpabla Village) have simultaneously generated more household income and per capita income (more than twice), relative to YRMV farming system (Chanchra Village). Moreover, the households of Bilpabla are superior to those households residing in Chanchra in terms of physical, social and economic access (purchasing power) which permits them to acquire and consume well-balanced food as well as sufficient calorie intake. Therefore, the RPG farming system had significant impacts on food security and poverty reduction.The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 126-136
INCIDENCE OF ASCARIASIS IN CALVES REARED UNDER RURAL CONDITION
Authors: Islam KBMS , Shil NK , Islam MT , Das SK
Published: June 2015

Faecal examination of 189 randomly selected rural calves in 12 villages of Rajoir upazila under Madaripur district of both sexes aged between < 3 months to 1 year old with or without the signs of gastroenteritis during three months periods from June to August 2003 revealed that 64.5 % calves were infected with Toxocara vitulorum. Significantly (p < 0.01) higher incidence of ascariasis was found in cross bred calves (64.28% - 75.67%) than in indigenous calves (46.66%). Age-wise analysis indicated that ascariasis was significantly (p < 0.01) prevalent in calves upto 3 months (81.35%) of age following by 3 to 6 months (70.58%) in comparison to > 6 to 12 months (41.93%) of age. Incidence of T. vitulorum infection was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in male calves (73.24%) than in female (57.92%). All the calves infected with ascariasis were diarrhoeic (100%), with pale mucous membrane (71.31%), rough body coat (74.59%) and emaciation (65.57%). Cachexia (19.67%) and erected hair (4.91%) were also recorded as clinical signs. Normal temperature was found in 95.08% calves while subnormal temperature recorded in 4.91% calves infected with T. vitulorum.
IN VIVO INVESTIGATION OF BOVINE CUTANEOUS PAPILLOMATOSIS WITH HOMEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS
Authors: Hossain MG , Haider MG , Khan MR , Chowdhury EH , Hossain MM
Published: June 2015

This investigation was carried out to determine the effects of thuza and antim crud (Homeopathic preparations) on bovine cutaneous papillomatosis/wart. Nine calves of one to two and a half years age and of both sexes affected with cutaneous papillomatosis were randomly divided into three equal groups (group I, group II and group III) for this experiment from March 2002 to February 2003. Each calf of group I was first administered with 15 globules sulphur with a potency of 200-power once orally. This was followed after 7 days with 50M (M = 1000-power) thuza at the dose rate of 10 globules twice daily orally for a period of three weeks. The calves of group II were administered with sulphur and antim crud at the same dose, potency, route and duration, respectively and the calves of group III were kept as untreated control. Papilloma tissues were collected prior to treatment and at the sixth week of treatment and they were subjected to histopathological examination. Thuza and antim crud with concurrent use of sulphur were found effective in curing bovine cutaneous papillomatosis with a rate of 66.66% (4/6). Little or no reduction in size of the papillomas was observed within the first two weeks of treatment in both the treated groups (group I and group II). Thereafter, miniature size sessile and pedunculated papillomas started drying with the gradual reduction in size that fell leaving hairless areas at the end of fourth week. By the eighth week there was complete cure of papillomas. One calf of each treated groups (group I and group II) affected with large papillomas (5 X 7 cm) were not completely cured. Microscopic examination of regressive papillomas at sixth week of treatment showed cellular necrosis. Growth recurrence was not observed within one month of recovery. In the untreated control group (group III), the number and size of papillomas increased. Therefore, this line of treatment may be practiced for the treatment of bovine papillomatosis.
Learning study i gymnasial yrkesutbildning – En fallstudie från ett hantverksprogram
Authors: Von Schantz Lundgren Ina , Lundgren Mats , Svensson Victoria
Published: June 2015

Internationella tester av elevers kunskapsresultat har bidragit till att kraftigt öka intresset för hur elevers studieprestationer kan förbättras. En samstämmig forskning placerar lärares undervisning högt upp på listan av faktorer som är betydelsefulla för att förbättra elevers lärande. En metod som visat sig användbar för att utveckla lärares undervisningsförmåga är learning study som framför allt använts av lärare som undervisar elever i lägre åldrar. Vi visar i den här artikeln, med stöd av en fallstudie, att det även är möjligt att framgångsrikt använda learning study-metoden för att utveckla lärare i gymnasieskolans yrkesutbildning och deras förmåga att undervisa där ämnesinnehållet ofta avser tyst yrkeskunskap och icke-kognitiva förmågor.
Maintenance or change - an analytical tool for studies of the Work-Integrated Learning in teacher education
Authors: Dimenäs Jörgen , Norlund Anita
Published: June 2015

In Sweden, as in many other countries, work-integrated learning is an emphasized part of teacher education. In parallel with this emphasis, the conflict often emerging in students’ meeting with the profession is well known from previous research. In spite there seem to be few analytical tools for capturing the characteristics of work-integrated learning. The aim of this article is to construct, operationalize and try out an analytical tool to be used in connection with studies of the character of work-integrated learning. For the construction of the tool we rely on the conceptual pair of horizontal and vertical discourse, collected from Basil Bernstein’s theoretical frame. The horizontal discourse connects to an informal, everyday context whereas the vertical discourse is formal and school-oriented. In the article we divide these concepts into certain aspects related to work-integrated learning. We also turn to empirical material where student teachers were interviewed about their experiences, mainly from tutorial guidance. Our conclusion is that the analytical tool could serve as a useful instrument for analyzing such phenomena.
X-Linked Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Cardiospecific Phenotype of Dystrophinopathy
Authors: Nakamura Akinori
Published: June 2015

X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy (XLDCM) is a distinct phenotype of dystrophinopathy characterized by preferential cardiac involvement without any overt skeletal myopathy. XLDCM is caused by mutations of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene and results in lethal heart failure in individuals between 10 and 20 years. Patients with Becker muscular dystrophy, an allelic disorder, have a milder phenotype of skeletal muscle involvement compared to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and sometimes present with dilated cardiomyopathy. The precise relationship between mutations in the DMD gene and cardiomyopathy remain unclear. However, some hypothetical mechanisms are being considered to be associated with the presence of some several dystrophin isoforms, certain reported mutations, and an unknown dystrophin-related pathophysiological mechanism. Recent therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the severe dystrophinopathy phenotype, appears promising, but the presence of XLDCM highlights the importance of focusing on cardiomyopathy while elucidating the pathomechanism and developing treatment.
Alternative Labeling Programs and Purchasing Behavior toward Organic Foods: The Case of the Participatory Guarantee Systems in Brazil
Authors: Sacchi Giovanna , Caputo Vincenzina , Nayga Rodolfo
Published: June 2015

Regulatory standards and certification models are essential tools guaranteeing the authenticity of organic products. In particular, third-party certification is useful to consumers since it provides guarantees regarding production processes and food quality. In an attempt to cope with the costs and bureaucratic procedures related to the adoption of such certification, groups of small producers have begun to rely upon alternative quality assurance systems such as Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS). This study contextualizes and analyzes the PGS scheme and describes the Brazilian Rede Ecovida de Agroecologia network. We then investigate the effect of various factors on Brazilian consumers’ purchasing behavior for organic products guaranteed by PGS. The results show that employed and older consumers who live in rural and suburban areas are more likely to buy organic PGS products.
L'eau dans le désert du paléodelta de l'Ili (Sud du Lac Balkash, Kazakhstan) : bilan d'une reconnaissance géomorphologique et apport de la télédétection (Waterpresence in the Ili river paleodelta desert (South of the Balkhash Lake) during the upper pleistocene and the holocene : a survey based on satellite and geomorphological data)
Authors: Coque Brigitte , Debaine F. , Hazemann Joëlle
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Le désert au sud du lac Balkhash et plus particulièrement, dans un premier temps, le paléodelta de l'Ili font l'objet d'une analyse des changements paléoenvironnementaux du Pleistocene supérieur et de l'Holocène, ainsi que d'une prospection et d'une étude des sites archéologiques. Les recherches sont fondées sur les données du terrain et celles fournies par l'imagerie satellitale. En résultat de cette reconnaissance géomorphologique, les variations dans l'espace et dans le temps de la présence d'eau dans ce désert avec au moins trois localisations successives du delta de l'Ili sont mises en évidence.
Ras-el-Aïn (Syrie N) et le problème des sources karstiques artésiennes aux marges ou à l'intérieur des domaines arides (Ras-el-Ain (N Syria) and the problem of the artesian karst springs at the border or inside of the arid areas)
Authors: Nicod Jean
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The springs-lakes, head of the Khabur (Ras-el-Aïn, Djezireh) are regarded as one of the great karst springs of the world (mean discharge : 38,6 m3.s-1). The recharge area spread widely in the north side, in the turkish territory, up to the basalt massiv of the Karacali dag. The groundwater discharge supply the springs mainly from two superimposed aquifers of eocene limestones, and miocene evaporites and limestones ; many solution collapses are noted (Burdon and Safadi, 1962). In Saudi Arabia, the AI Hofuf springs, in the El Hasa oasis, belong to similar compound aquifers.

In the genesis and working of these very large artesian hydrosystems, are debated the part of the neotectonic stress, the paleoclimatic stages and the hyperkarstic chemical processes.
Osteolytic Lesion of the Tibial Diaphysis After Cementless TKA
Authors: Vernon Brian A. , Bollinger Alexander J. , Garvin Kevin L. , McGarry Sean V.
Published: June 2015

Biomaterial wear debris is a known contributing factor in aseptic loosening of total joint prostheses, particularly when cementless tibial trays are used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Local inflammatory response can lead to osteolysis and aseptic loosening of implants. The resulting lesions require careful clinical evaluation. This article presents a case of a 76-year old man with a remote history of prostate cancer and cigarette smoking who presented with acute onset left knee and tibia pain 15 years after TKA. Radiographs showed an osteolytic lesion in the distal tibial diaphysis and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic lesion with evidence concerning for pathologic mid-shaft fracture. Biopsy of the lesion confirmed a foreign body reaction and revision TKA was performed. The patient was seen at 3-year follow-up without complication. The existing literature presents cases reporting osteolytic lesions of the distal femur and proximal tibial metaphysis due to polyethylene wear debris and foreign body reaction following TKA. We are unaware of case reports involving osteolysis of this etiology extending into the distal tibial diaphysis. We conclude that polyethylene wear debris with foreign body reaction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an osteolytic lesion extending into the tibial diaphysis following TKA.
Long-term Visual Function and Patient Satisfaction After Bilateral Implantation and Combination of Two Similar Multifocal IOLs
Authors: Mastropasqua Rodolfo , Pedrotti Emilio , Passilongo Mattia , Parisi Graziella , Marchesoni Ivan , Marchini Giorgio
Published: June 2015

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the visual outcome, spectacle independence, and patient satisfaction after implantation of two Acrysof ReSTOR (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) intraocular lenses (IOLs) with different addition power or their combination in both eyes.

METHODS:

One hundred twenty eyes of 60 patients with bilateral multifocal IOL implantation were divided into three groups of 20 consecutive patients each: the SV25T0 (the T0 group), the SN6AD1 (the D1 group), or a combination of both the SN6AD1 and SV25T0 (the combined group). Patients were observed 18 months postoperatively for visual acuity (40, 50, and 60 cm, and 4 m), defocus curves (range: +1.0 to −4.0 diopters), and contrast sensitivity. Quality of vision, patient satisfaction, and spectacle independence were evaluated by the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument-42 questionnaire.

RESULTS:

The D1 group achieved better results for near vision (
P
< .01), whereas the T0 group achieved better intermediate vision (
P
= .01). The combined group showed a wider range of spectacle independence at all distances evaluated (
P
< .05). The contrast sensitivity was similar within the groups. The incidence of glare was lower for the T0 group (
P
= .054). The combined group had better results in terms of expectation (
P
= .021) and activity limitation (
P
= .003).

CONCLUSION:

Although the bilateral implantation of the same multifocal IOL can maximize the vision for near or intermediate distances, the combination of these IOLs in both eyes can increase the range of spectacle independence without compromising the contrast sensitivity and quality of vision.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(5):308–314.]
Nanocomposite TiAlBN Coatings as a Corrosion Protection Layer for AZ91 Mg Alloy Substrate in NaCl
Authors: Zulkifli M.R. , Zaimi Muhammad , Mohd Juoi Jariah , Mahamud Zainab
Published: June 2015

Magnesium alloys create increasing interest in structural application where weight reduction is vast concern. However, one of magnesium drawback in various applications is low corrosion resistance. In general, a hard coating can be applied on metal to combat such a problem. AlN and TiN coatings are most widely utilized in manufacturing area i.e for structural application due to its high hardness, high chemical stability, and excellent adhesion to substrates. Most recent, TiAlBN coating catch many attentions due to its superior properties than other most studied hard coating. The incorporation of aluminium in the cubic face centered TiN structure on Ti sites leads to deformation and strengthening of the crystal structure of the coating together. Moreover, incorporation of BN in this coating should improve and enhanced the corrosion resistance of Mg alloy. Therefore, in this study, TiAlBN coating have been chosen to be deposited on Mg alloy using reactive magnetron sputtering together with AlN and TiN coatings for comparison study. During depositions, target power, working pressure and bias voltage are optimized for each coating. Analysis on the effect of AlN, TiN and TiAlBN coatings on Mg alloy substrate include thickness measurement and microstructure by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Coatings phase were analysed using glancing angle X-ray diffraction analysis (GAXRD) and corrosion properties were evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization in NaCl solution. TiAlBN shows better performance of corrosion protection with the least corrosion rate (penetration rate = 0.20 mm/yr; mass loss rate=0.97g/m2d) in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution although having the lowest coating thickness (412 nm).
Effect of Mould Pressure and Substitution of Quartz by Rice Husk Ash on the Bulk Density and Compressive Strength of Porcelain Body
Authors: Hassan Uman , Noh Mohamad Zaky , Ahmad Zainal A.
Published: June 2015

RHA has become an important competitive material for preparation of silicon compounds due to high surface area, high grade of amorphous form silica and fine particle sizes. The effect of mould pressure (MP) and substitution of quartz by RHA on bulk density and compressive strength of porcelain body is investigated. RHA is used as a substitute for quartz with different replacement levels (0 wt% - 25 wt%). The samples are pressed into pellets at a mould pressure of 31 MPa, 61 MPa, 91 MPa and 121 MPa. All the pellets are sintered at the temperature of 1200 °C for 2 hours soaking time and at a heating rate of 5 °C per minute. The bulk density and compressive strength are measured at the highest value of 2.42 g/cm3 and 39 MPa for the sample pressed at 91 MPa with the substitution of 20 wt% RHA. The improvement in the properties could be attributed to the sharp changes in the microstructural features as a result of an increase in mullite and glassy phase simultaneously.
Effect of Surfactant on the Thermal Behavior of Cerate-Zirconate Ceramic Powder Prepared by Modified Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Mazlan N.A. , Osman Nafisah , Yaakob M.H. , Jani A.M.Md
Published: June 2015

BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O2.95 (BCZY10) ceramic powder was synthesized by a modified sol-gel method using metal nitrate salt as pre-cursors. The sample was prepared using three different types of surfactants namely polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and cetyltrimetylammonium bromide (CTAB). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was used to analyze the thermal decomposition of the dried (T=325 °C) and calcined (T=1100 °C) powder. Standard sample prepared without surfactant is denoted as A1 while the sample that prepared using PEG, SDS and CTAB as surfactant was denoted as A2, A3, and A4 respectively. TGA results indicate that all the samples were almost completely decomposed at ~800 °C except for A2. It showed the lowest thermal decomposition temperature Ttd=739 °C. The highest total weight loss ~94.7% is shown by sample A4 than others. The sample with the presence of surfactant exhibits faster reaction rate for the first decomposition stage which is t = 8 min, 11 min, and 13 min for sample A2, A3, and A4 respectively compared to A1 (t = 18 min). The A2 sample shows faster reaction rate indicates that BCZY10 compound might be formed earlier faster due to the long carbon chain posses by PEG surfactant. The higher number of carbon chain present in the surfactant may accelerate the combustion process and the formation of metal oxide compounds. FTIR spectra illustrated that the carbonate residue still remained in all the samples even after calcined at 1100 oC. This result indicates that the used of surfactant does not give a significant effect on preventing the formation of BaCO3. However, the intensity of metal-oxygen band at ~450 cm-1 become stronger indicates that the formation of BCZY10 compound was being enhanced.
Effect of Corn Starch and Potato Starch as the Pore Forming Agent to the Structure of Porous Cordierite
Authors: Mohamad Hasmaliza , Lim Yu Min
Published: June 2015

Porous cordierite is an advanced ceramic which is popular for its interesting properties such as excellent thermal stability, high refractoriness and low dielectric constant. In this study, samples have been prepared by the mixture of aluminium nitrate nonahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), ethanol and nitric acid through sol-gel route. Corn and potato starch were used as pore forming agent. The amount of pore forming agent added was varied according to their weight percent (5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt% and 20wt%). The solution was then dried in oven at 90°C before sintered at 1350°C. Particle size analyzer was used to characterize the properties of pore forming agents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were done on the produced samples. XRD results proved that all the samples produced were pure α-cordierite without the presence of other impurity or pore forming agent. From SEM results, samples using potato starch as the pore forming agent have pore size larger than corn starch due to the larger particle size of potato starch. Majority of the samples show interconnectivity among pores. The pore shape produced by potato starch is in prolate shape whereas for corn starch is in polyhedral shape.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes – Graphene Mixture as a Dye Monolayer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Muda M.R. , Mat Isa Siti Salwa , Hasan A.F. , Ramli Muhammad Mahyiddin
Published: June 2015

The suspension of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was produced by acid functionalization process. After that, the reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) suspension was added into SWCNTs suspension in order to produce a solution of SWCNTs-Graphene mixture. The solution of SWCNTs-Graphene mixture was then deposited onto titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer as a dye monolayer in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device using drop – casting methods. Beforehand, the TiO2 layer was cured with two different temperatures which was 450°C and 550°C. The electrical properties of the device, including the response and efficiency, were studied and compared with different curing temperatures.
Nanocrystal TiO2 Engulfed SiO2-Barium Hexaferrite for Enhanced Electrons Mobility and Solar Harvesting Potential
Authors: Abd Aziz Azrina , Ibrahim Shaliza , Saravanan Pichiah
Published: June 2015

Barium hexaferrite embedded-silica-titania photocatalyst (TiO2-SiO2-BaFe12O19) was synthesized through sol-gel, liquid catalytic phase transformation and solid reaction routes. The magnetic photocatalyst was aimed to harvest the photoenergy from the sunlight, minimize the electron-holes recombination rate, improve the long lifetime charge-carriers transfer to maximize the photocatalytic activity and enhances the separation and reusability of it. The as-synthesized photocatalyst was characterized and the photocatalytic activity was evaluated for the reduction of 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) under direct sunlight. The presence of SiO2 interlayer in TiO2-SiO2-BaFe12O19 prevents the phase transformation of magnetic core. TiO2-SiO2-BaFe12O19 benefits the magnetic separation with appreciable magnitude of coercivity (5035.6 Oe) and saturation magnetization (18.8256E-3 emu/g), respectively. The ferrite ions from the magnetic core which dispersed into TiO2 matrix exhibited an evident shift of the absorption in the visible region. This was again confirmed with the reduced band gap energy of 1.90 eV. Furthermore, TiO2-SiO2-BaFe12O19 destructed 100% of 2, 4-DCP compound within 150 min under very bright sunlight with an average irradiance of 820.8 W/m2 (results not shown). The embedding of BaFe12O19 with a SiO2 layer onto TiO2 nanocrystals contributed for an excellent solar-light utilization and ease magnetic separation of the nanosized photocatalyst.
Crystallinity and Morphological of Cellulose Extraction from Elaeis guineensis Jacquin Frond
Authors: Muhammad Safwan M. , Ong Hui Lin , Akil Hazizan Md
Published: June 2015

The work described in this paper is the extraction of microcrystalline cellulose from Elaeis Guineensis Jacquin Frond using alkaline and bleaching treatment. Microcrystalline cellulose extracted has been characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Morphological investigation of fibers was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) where rod like fiber can be observed. Crystallinity of cellulose extracted was found higher than raw material.
A Comparative Study of Metal Oxides (CaO, CuO and CaO/CuO) Effects on the Morphology and Thermal Stability of PANI Nanofibers
Authors: Rahman Khan Mohammad Mizanur , Mahmood Wan Ahmad Kamil , Wee Yee Keat , binti Azizan Hanis
Published: June 2015

The comparison of the influence of CaO and CuO alone and combined CaO/CuO on the diameter, surface morphology and thermal stability of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers is reported. The possible incorporation of CaO and CuO in PANI was revealed by both fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis). It was found that the diameter of PANI nanofibers varied for the addition of CaO and CuO alone compared to their combined use. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that the addition of CaO, CuO and CaO/CuO consistently produce composite material in nanofibers structures. This nanofibers shows regular and uniform surface morphology and without secondary growth and agglomeration of the primary nanofibers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data showed better thermal stability for all composite materials as compared to PANI nanofibers.
Tensile and Flexural Strength of Untreated Napier Grass Fibre/Polyester Composites
Authors: Haameem J.A.M. , Abdul Majid M.S. , Afendi Mohd , Haslan Fadli M. , Helmi E.A. , Fahmi I.
Published: June 2015

This paper describes the experimental investigation of the tensile and flexural strength of untreated Napier grass fibre reinforced polyester composites. Napier grass fibres were extracted trough conventional water retting process and used as reinforcing materials in the polyester composite laminates. Tensile tests were then conducted for the composite specimens from the laminates at 25% fibre loading using the electronic extensometer setup to obtain the tensile properties. The results show significant differences in tensile strength between random short fibres laminates and random long fibrelaminates with the long fibres yield over 30 % higher in strength.Both the short and long fibre composites exhibits similar strength with short fibres having slightly higher flexural strength to long fibres The laminate also shows higher maximum strength compared to other commonly available natural fibre composites with almost 75 % improved in the maximum strength compared to the short kenaf fibre reinforced composites.
Fabrication and Characterization of Different Ca Content in Mg-Ca Composite Using Powder Metallurgy Technique
Authors: Syaza Nabilla M.S. , Zuraidawani C.D. , Derman Mohd Nazree B.
Published: June 2015

Magnesium (Mg) has a great potential to be used in various field of work since it is lightweight and has low density properties. However, its application is limited due to its poor properties for Mg has a relatively low strength. Improvement is made by mixing Mg with calcium (Ca) as composite element for it is lightweight and non-toxic. In this research, Mg is prepared with different weight percentage (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 wt. %) of Ca with pure Mg as reference prepared by powder metallurgy (PM) method to study the mechanical properties. Morphological analysis carried out by optical microscope shows increase grain refinement with the increase of calcium content in Mg-Ca composites. The phase transition upon addition of Ca is determined using XRD method detects formation of Mg2Ca. Range from 1.78 g/cm3 to 1.83 g/cm3, the density of each sample composite increase. While porosity profiles show inverse characteristics upon addition of Ca. Microhardness strengths also intensifies up to 193.20 MPa as more Ca content added in.
Influence of Alginate Concentration on the Diametral Tensile Strength of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Block
Authors: Ahmad Nurazreena , Ann Chew Zhu , Jaafar Mariatti
Published: June 2015

The influence of alginate concentration on the diametral tensile strength (DTS) of hydroxyapatite (HAp) block was investigated. Alginate solution with concentration of 1%, 3% and 5% was prepared through neutral extraction from cultivated sargassum polycystum brown seaweed obtained from Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia. Commercially available HAp powder was pressed uniaxially at 3 MPa to obtain the HAp block. The HAp block was then sintered at 900°C. The sintered HAp block was then immersed in alginate solution under vacuum condition for 24 hours. DTS value of the HAp block decreases with increasing alginate concentration. Porosity measurement increases with the increase in alginate concentration used. The decrease in the DTSvalue with increasing alginate concentration is due to the higher viscosity at higher alginate concentration and thus limited the amount of alginate being penetrate into the HAp block.
Comparative Study of Small Scale Soil Barrier Subjected to Air Blast Load by Using AUTODYN 2D and AUTODYN 3D
Authors: Jestin J. , Faisal Ali , Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi , Mohd Zaid Othman
Published: June 2015

This paper presents the blast loading of small scale soil barrier subjected to surface burst,analysed by using AUTODYN 2D and AUTODYN 3D.Results from the AUTODYN analyses are then compared with published experimental results. Good agreements with published experimental results are obtained for numerical analysis by using AUTODYN 3D for peak pressure at the front part of the barrier. In this case study, AUTODYN 2D numerical analyses provide higher pressure readingsat about 62% and 36% differences as compared with the published experimental results for pressure measurement at the middle front and back of soil barrier surface. The discrepancy of AUTODYN2D results was due to geometric dissimilarity from the actual experimental test. For complex geometries shape of barrier, that involves different shapes and configurations, three dimensional analyses are required to accurately predict the complex reflections and interactions associated with the propagation of the blast wave.
Traitement des gaz d'incinération par voie sèche : comparaison de deux absorbants à haute réactivité
Authors: Foutrel Gilles , Le Clerc Frédéric , Coquelet Philippe , Gambin Amandine , Françoisse Olivier
Published: June 2015

High reactive lime, similar to Spongiacal, and sodium bicarbonate performance for acid gas removal was compared in the Municipal Solid Waste lncinerator Rémival in Reims. Results show that:- Spongiacal can easily be handled in a unit designed to treat with sodium bicarbonate;- lime consumption is about 25% lower than sodium bicarbonate for the same acid gas removal;- the residus production is 10 to 15% higher with lime compared to sodium bicarbonate;- the most stringent norms ( 10 mg/Nm3 of HCl and 50 mg/Nm3 of SO2) can be reached with an overconsumption of 25%, compared to the current norms (respectively 50 mg/Nm3 of HCl and 300 mg/Nm3 of SO2).

Les performances en traitement des gaz acides d'une chaux hautement réactive, de type Spongiacal, et du bicarbonate de sodium ont été comparées dans l'usine d'incinération d'ordures ménagères (Uiom) Rémival de Reims. Les résultats mettent en évidence :- la facilité de mise en oeuvre de la chaux Spongiacal dans une installation conçue pour le traitement au bicarbonate de sodium ;- une réduction de consommation de chaux d'environ 25 % par rapport à celle du bicarbonate de sodium, pour un même abattement des gaz acides (HCl et SO2) ;- une production de résidus de 10 à 15 % supérieure avec la chaux par rapport au bicarbonate de sodium ;- la possibilité d'atteindre les normes d'émission les plus sévères ( 10 mg/Nm3 d'HCl et 50 mg/Nm3 de SO2) moyennant une surconsommation de l'ordre de 25 % par rapport aux normes actuelles (respectivement 50 mg/Nm3 d'HCl et 300 mg/Nm3 de SO2).
Caractérisation minéralogique, hydraulique et mécanique des Refiom: Influence de la composition des Refiom sur leurs propriétés
Authors: Braymand-Morel Sandrine , Clastres Pierre , Pellequer Alain
Published: June 2015

This paper presents first, a characterisation of the unhydrated material « MSWI Fly Ash », and a study of its hydraulicity and hardening. Then it approaches a study on the influence of the variation of MSWI Fly Ash composition on these properties. This second phase of the study is lead by using artificial ash and with the Statistical Design of Experiment Methodology. Elements of comprehension about observed phenomena are also presented in this paper.

Le travail présenté ici porte d'une part sur l'étude du matériau Refiom anhydre, de son hydraulicité et de son durcissement et d'autre part sur l'étude de l'influence de la variabilité de composition du Refiom sur ces caractéristiques. Cette deuxième phase de l'étude se fera grâce à la fabrication de Refiom artificiels et par la méthodologie des plans d'expériences. Nous apporterons également quelques éléments de compréhension aux phénomènes observés.
Comment évaluer les risques pour la santé ?
Authors: Keck Gérard
Published: June 2015

How to evaluate the risk for health of an industrial installation? The assessment of risk for health may be based on different and complementary methods:- quantitative risk evaluation using models of exposure and reference levels of pollutants concerning health effets- epidemiological studies on human populations- vegetal and animal bio-indicators.These approaches are discussed and compared in the frame of the recent french law on air quality.

La récente « loi sur l'air » de décembre 1996 et sa circulaire d'application du 17 février 1998 ont élargi le champ des études d'impact aux effets possibles sur la santé des polluants émis par une installation industrielle. Il est de ce fait nécessaire de disposer de méthodes et d'outils pour mener à bien de telles évaluations, exercice difficile et comportant d'importantes approximations et incertitudes. Les méthodes disponibles à l'heure actuelle peuvent être regroupées selon trois grandes catégories :- l'évaluation quantitative du risque sanitaire : partant des concentrations ou flux de polluants émis, elle estime à travers certains modèles les niveaux d'exposition des populations riveraines et les compare à des doses de référence.- les études épidémiologiques : elles prennent en compte dans les populations exposées à des degrés divers certains paramètres de santé en les comparant à une population témoin non exposée.- l'utilisation de certains « bio-indicateurs » ou organismes sentinelles, végétaux ou animaux. Ces approches ne sont pas exclusives l'une de l'autre mais peuvent être utilisées de manière complémentaire, ce qui est même souhaitable dans cette phase relativement « expérimentale ».