bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of phosphorus in the seasonal deoxygenation of the East China Sea shelf
Authors: Laurent Arnaud , Zhang Haiyan , Fennel Katja
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The Changjiang is the largest river in Asia and the main terrestrial source of freshwater and nutrients to the East China Sea (ECS). Nutrient concentrations have long been increasing in the Changjiang, especially after 1960 with urbanization, the development of industrial animal production, and fertilizer application in agriculture, resulting in coastal eutrophication and recurring summer hypoxia. The supply of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) exceeds that of phosphorus (P) relative to the Redfield ratio. This results in seasonal P limitation in the Changjiang plume. P limitation and its effects on primary production, respiration and hypoxia in the ECS have not been studied systematically yet although such knowledge is needed to understand bloom dynamics in the region, to assess the consequences of altered nutrient loads, and to implement nutrient reduction strategies that mitigate hypoxia. Using a coupled physical-biogeochemical model of the ECS that was run with and without P limitation, we quantify the distribution and effects of P limitation. The model shows that P limitation develops eastward of the Changjiang Estuary and on the Yangtze Bank but rarely southward along the Zhejiang coast. P limitation modifies oxygen sinks over a large area of the shelf by partly relocating primary production and respiration offshore, away from the locations prone to hypoxia near the Changjiang Estuary. This relocation drastically reduces sediment oxygen consumption nearshore and dilutes the riverine-driven primary production and respiration over a large area offshore. Our results suggest that the hypoxic zone would be 48 % larger in its horizontal extent, on average, if P limitation was not occurring. Results are summarized in a conceptual model of P limitation on the ECS shelf. Then we carried out nutrient reduction simulations which indicate that, despite the effect of P limitation on hypoxia, reducing only P inputs as a nutrient reduction strategy would not be effective. A dual N+P nutrient reduction strategy would best mitigate hypoxia. The model results suggest that decreasing the size of the hypoxic zone by 50 % and 80 % would require reductions in N+P load of 28 % and 44 %, respectively.
North Pacific Deep Water Formation Termination over the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation
Authors: de Graaf Friso , Ford Heather , Burls Natalie
Published: July 2022

Modern ocean circulation is driven by formation of deep waters in the North Atlantic and Southern Oceans. Despite the cold temperatures at high latitudes, the North Pacific exhibits no modern deep-water formation, due to the strong halocline in the subpolar North Pacific Ocean. However, modelling results suggest the halocline was weak during the Pliocene, allowing the formation of North Pacific Deep Water (NPDW). Here we compare the oxygen isotopes from benthic foraminifera at two sites in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, ODP Sites 1208 (3346 m) and 1209 (2387 m) to understand how NPDW varied over the Plio-Pleistocene (3.3 to 2.6 Ma). While in the modern the water that occupies the deep Pacific is homogenous, during the Pliocene there was a ~0.5 per mill gradient at times between sites 1208 and 1209, with, surprisingly, more positive δ18O values observed at the shallower 1209. The disparity in oxygen isotopes suggests different water masses over the two sites over the Plio-Pleistocene. Oxygen isotopes of foraminifera record temperature and the δ18O of seawater which loosely correlates with salinity in the modern surface oceans, with more positive δ18O values generally representing more saline, colder, and therefore more dense waters. High latitude processes like sea ice formation could result in a decoupling of salinity from δ18O of seawater. We suggest that the divergences in oxygen isotopes are the result of Site 1208 being bathed in southern-sourced waters, while Site 1209 is bathed in deep waters formed in the North Pacific. Modelling results suggest NPDW is a warm, saline water mass. That the divergence in δ18O values between the two sites is not constant throughout this period suggests that the strength of NPDW export may have fluctuated over this interval. Future work includes Mg/Ca analyses at Site 1209 to compare with the existing record at 1208 to examine the temperature and δ18O of seawater differences between these sites.
Large-scale features of the tropical atmospheric circulation changes during the mid-Pliocene: results from the PlioMIP2
Authors: Zhang Ke , Sun Yong , Zhang Xu
Published: July 2022

The mid-Pliocene (Plio; 3Ma) which has been proved to be one of the most similar paleoclimate periods for the future climate. In this study, we conduct dynamic analysis on the large-scale features of tropical Hadley and Walker cells changes by examining the PlioMIP2 simulations. It was shown that a generally weakening of Hadley circulation strength (especially for the Northern Hadley cell) and widening of Hadley cells edges are captured by most of PlioMIP2 models. In addition, the Walker cell over the Pacific Ocean in responses to mid-Pliocene warming shows a significant westward shift compared to the pre-industrial conditions. Nevertheless, our analysis also shows evident inter-model spread of the Hadley and Walker cells changes.
Isotopic Fingerprints of Early Pliocene-like Sea Surface Temperature Gradients
Authors: Knapp Scott , Burls Natalie , Dee Sylvia , Feng Ran , Feakins Sarah , Bhattacharya Tripti
Published: July 2022

The Pliocene epoch offers insights into future climate change, with near-modern atmospheric pCO2 and global mean surface temperature estimated to be 3-4°C above pre-industrial. The discrepancy in the hydrological response seen between simulations of future global warming and early Pliocene simulations is hypothesized to result from reduced SST gradients in the early Pliocene. However, the interpretation of Pliocene SST proxies is still debated, generating uncertainty about the reduced gradient scenario. One avenue toward reducing uncertainty in Pliocene warming patterns is to establish the degree of dynamical consistency between Pliocene SST reconstructions and hydrological cycle reconstructions. To this end, hydrological cycle reconstructions are needed in regions where water isotopic signals are predicted to be uniquely sensitive to Pliocene SST gradient changes. Here, we seek to identify these regions using an isotope-enabled GCM, iCAM5, to model the distribution of water isotopes in precipitation in response to four climatological SST and sea-ice fields representing modern, abrupt 4xCO­­2, late Pliocene and early Pliocene climates. We identify two regions with distinct precipitation isotope fingerprints resulting from early Pliocene SST gradients. The first region, the Indo-Pacific warm pool, is characterized by isotopic enrichment due to weakened convection and a reduced amount effect. The second region, the Sahel, is characterized by isotopic depletion due to more intense and widespread precipitation. A model-proxy comparison with available precipitation proxies in Africa provides promising initial results. However, additional proxy reconstructions are needed in both target regions to provide robust tests of dynamical consistency with current early Pliocene SST reconstructions.
Mid-Pliocene not a good analog for future warm climate when regarding atmospheric dynamics in Northern Hemisphere winter 
Authors: Oldeman Arthur , Baatsen Michiel , von der Heydt Anna , van Delden Aarnout , Dijkstra Henk
Published: July 2022

The Pliocene is often considered the ‘best analog’ for near future climate (e.g. Burke et al, 2018). This notion is mainly based on similar atmospheric CO2 concentration and surface temperatures. However, a ‘best’ analog does not necessarily imply a good analog. We therefore pose the question; to what extent can we treat the mid-Pliocene climate as an analog for a warm future?

We focus on atmospheric dynamics and variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter, for two main reasons: 1. Climate projections are not agreeing on the changes in atmospheric variability we can expect in the future, and 2. The mid-Pliocene exhibits the largest geographical differences to the present-day in the Northern Hemisphere, compared to the Southern Hemisphere. We use the results of simulations from a global coupled climate model, CCSM4-Utrecht, that is a part of PlioMIP2. From a pre-industrial reference simulation (E280), we consider a CO2 doubling experiment at 560ppm (E560), and a mid-Pliocene boundary conditions experiment at 280ppm (Eoi280).

We consider the mean sea-level pressure using 200 years of January-mean data. In response to the mid-Pliocene boundary conditions, we find a large increase in the mean along with a decrease standard deviation over the North Pacific Ocean. This is accompanied with a weakened subtropical jet over the western North Pacific, as well as increased occurrence of a split jet condition over the eastern North Pacific. We connect all these findings to a reduction in the potential vorticity gradient over the western North Pacific. This causes the jet to weaken over the western North Pacific and allows a regime shift towards more anticyclonic wave breaking in the eastern North Pacific. We do not see tendencies towards similar behavior in the CO2 doubling experiment. This suggests that the mid-Pliocene is not a good analog for a warm future climate when considering Northern hemisphere winter atmospheric dynamics.
Orbital scale variability and evolution of the Indian Monsoon during the Pliocene: new data from the Andaman Sea
Authors: Gan Jinrong , Littler Kate , Anand Pallavi , J. Leng Melanie , M. Robinson Marci
Published: July 2022

The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is a critical component of the overarching Asian monsoon system, which dominates seasonal rainfall patterns over the region. The underlying mechanisms controlling monsoon variability include internal forcings (e.g., ice volume, ocean circulation) and external forcings (e.g., solar insolation), operating over a range of time scales from tectonic to decadal. While there is now considerable data from regions dominated by the SE Asian monsoon, there remains a significant data gap for the regions affected by the Indian monsoon, particularly prior to the late Pleistocene. Many unknowns remain regarding the response of ISM to past changes in global climate, such as during the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation in the late Pliocene (~2.5–3.5 Ma). Key questions centre on the role of external vs. internal forcing at controlling both long-term and orbital-scale monsoon variability, and whether wind and rainfall responses were coupled during these transitions. 
Here, we present a high resolution (~4 kyr), benthic oxygen isotope age model spanning from ~2.4 to 4.0 Ma for IODP Site U1448 in the Andaman Sea. This record allows us to interrogate (X-ray fluorescence) bulk elemental data from the same core to reconstruct past ISM behaviour across this enigmatic interval. Trends in elemental ratios representing terrestrial runoff and marine productivity (linked to ISM strength) show both long-term evolution in response to changing boundary conditions, and the influence of orbital forcing. Additionally, high resolution benthic carbon isotope data allows us to track changes in both water mass and marine productivity associated with orbital-scale variability in this region. Comparison of this data with comparable data from IODP Site U1445 in the NW Bay of Bengal allow us to examine spatial and temporal trends in ISM strength during the Pliocene, and identify changing loci of dominant precipitation across this region with time.
Constraining the amplitude of Antarctic Ice Sheet change during warm intervals of the Pliocene 
Authors: Gasson Edward , Lear Carrie , Sparkes Amy , Halberstadt Ruthie , DeConto Rob , Trevers Matt , Payne Tony , Pollard David
Published: July 2022

Despite a major effort to constrain peak sea level during the mid-Pliocene warm period, uncertainties remain large. This interval is of interest because of the analogous CO2 concentration to present day and because of the potential retreat of a large portion of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The usefulness of this period to constrain ice sheet model physics is limited by these large uncertainties on peak sea level. Here we discuss efforts to produce a new record of the amplitude of sea level change from interglacial to glacial periods during the early and mid-Pliocene, which have lower uncertainties than peak sea level. We combine this effort with new climate and ice sheet model simulations of the glacial to interglacial cycle for ice sheets in both hemispheres. We discuss how this work will constrain the magnitude of Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat during warm intervals of the mid-Pliocene and how we use these constraints to discriminate between different ice sheet model physics.
The imaginary eruption – volcanic activity through kids' eyes
Authors: Todesco Micol , Ercolani Emanuela , Brasini Flaminia , Modonesi Delia , Pessina Vera , Nave Rosella , Camassi Romano
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Strategies of risk mitigation become effective when citizens facing hazardous phenomena adopt rational behaviours that contribute to the lowering of the risk. This is more likely to occur when endangered communities share a widespread understanding of natural phenomena and their impacts. To reach this goal, educational and outreach materials are often organised around the descriptions of the natural process and its effects. Unfortunately, however, receiving correct information does not automatically grant the adoption of safe behaviours. Our teaching efforts may fail because of pre-existing biases, beliefs, and misconceptions. The identification of these biases is important to plan effective educational campaigns capable of providing the concepts that are needed to actually inform citizens' choices about natural hazards. In this work, we present the results of an unconventional workshop on
volcanic risk that we proposed to primary and secondary schools (aged 6–13) in Italy. The workshop is meant to explore the mental models that kids and youngsters have about volcanic eruptions, and it takes the form of a creative exercise. We asked the pupils to write and illustrate a story in four frames, describing the onset and outcome of an imaginary eruption. All stories were then presented to the class and always provided useful hints to spark discussion about volcanic processes and hazards. As a whole, the collected stories provide a multifaceted description of volcanic eruptions and their potential impacts as imagined by the kids. A careful analysis of this material provided several insights useful to improve future outreach material and educational plans. The workshop is simple to reproduce, even remotely, and could easily be extended to different types of hazards. While very simple to organise, this approach grants the secure engagement of most participants and offers a very different perspective on pupils'
understanding of natural phenomena.
The pseudo-global-warming (PGW) approach: Methodology, software package PGW4ERA5 v1.1, validation and sensitivity analyses
Authors: Brogli Roman , Heim Christoph , Sørland Silje Lund , Schär Christoph
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The term pseudo-global warming (PGW) refers to a simulation strategy in regional climate modeling. The strategy consists of directly imposing large-scale changes in the climate system on a control regional climate simulation (usually representing current conditions) by modifying the boundary conditions. This differs from the traditional dynamic downscaling technique where output from a global climate model (GCM) is used to drive regional climate models (RCM). The PGW climate changes are usually derived from a transient global climate model (GCM) simulation. The PGW approach offers several benefits such as lowering computational requirements, flexibility in the simulation design, and avoiding biases from global climate models. Yet, implementing a PGW simulation is non-trivial and care must be taken not to deteriorate the physics of the regional climate model when modifying the boundary conditions. To simplify the preparation of PGW simulations, we present a detailed description of the methodology and provide the companion software PGW4ERA5 facilitating the preparation of PGW simulations. In describing the methodology, particular attention is devoted to the adjustment of the pressure and geopotential fields. Such an adjustment is required when ensuring consistency between thermodynamical (temperature and humidity) changes on the one hand, and dynamical changes on the other hand. It is demonstrated that this adjustment is important in the extratropics, and highly essential in tropical and sub-tropical regions. We show that climate projections of PGW simulations prepared using the presented methodology are closely comparable to traditional dynamic downscaling for most climatological variables.
A physically interpretable data-driven surrogate model for wake steering
Authors: Sengers Balthazar Arnoldus Maria , Zech Matthias , Jacobs Pim , Steinfeld Gerald , Kühn Martin
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Wake steering models for control purposes are typically based on analytical wake descriptions tuned to match experimental or numerical data. This study explores whether a data-driven surrogate model with a high degree of physical interpretation can accurately describe the redirected wake.
A linear model trained with large-eddy-simulation data estimates wake parameters such as deficit, center location and curliness from measurable inflow and turbine variables. These wake parameters are then used to generate vertical cross-sections of the wake at desired downstream locations. In a validation considering eight boundary layers ranging from neutral to stable conditions, the far wake's trajectory, curl and available power are accurately estimated. A significant improvement in accuracy is shown in a benchmark study against two analytical wake models, especially under derated operating conditions and stable atmospheric stratifications. Even though the results are not directly generalizable to all atmospheric conditions, locations or turbine types, the outcome of this study is encouraging.
Deficiencia del piruvato deshidrogenasa: con más fenotipos de los que creemos
Authors: García Martín Divahia , Martínez Córdoba Natalia , Espinosa García Eugenia
Published: July 2022

Introducción: El complejo piruvato deshidrogenasa (PDC) es un complejo multienzimático encargado de catalizar la descarboxilación oxidativa de piruvato a acetil CoA. Un defecto en cualquiera de sus componentes puede interferir con la producción de energía a nivel celular; dentro de estos trastornos se encuentra el déficit de piruvato deshidrogenasa (PDH) caracterizado por signos clínicos neurológicos y sistémicos de gravedad variable destacándose la acidosis láctica, deterioro neurológico y neuromuscular progresivo.
Objetivo: Describir el caso de una paciente escolar con dismorfología cráneofacial característica, retraso del neurodesarrollo y episodios de descompensación metabólica por infecciones, con mutación en el gen PDHX, manejada con dieta cetogénica, tiamina, ácido lipóico y carnitina.
Resultados: Los hallazgos que permitieron enfocar el diagnóstico se encuentra elevación de lactato en plasma y LCR asociado a acidosis metabólica persistente con acentuación de surcos corticales hiperintensidades en región gangliobasal bilateral y en núcleos lenticulares en resonancia cerebral, con espectroscopía por resonancia magnética que muestra pico negativo de lactato. Confirmando el diagnóstico con exoma de 6000 genes donde se encuentra variante patogénica en homocigosis en el gen PDHX posición c.1426C>T.
Conclusiones: La deficiencia de PDH debe ser considerada en casos de retraso del neurodesarrollo asociado a episodios intermitentes de deterioro neurológico y elevación de lactato sanguineo y en la espectroscopia por resonancia magnética cerebral. A diferencia de los afectados por otros subtipos, los pacientes con déficit de la proteína de unión E3 a menudo sobreviven la infancia e incluso la edad adulta debido a la existencia de cierto ensamblaje del complejo piruvato deshidrogenasa. El diagnóstico precoz abre la posibilidad de iniciar manejo de soporte, brindar asesoría genética a los padres además de pronóstico y medidas de soporte temprano.
Prevalencia de la lactancia materna exclusiva durante el con-finamiento secundario a la pandemia por COVID-19 en lac-tantes nacidos en la Clínica Santa Bárbara, durante el periodo de abril a junio del 2020
Authors: Contreras Mora Elizabeth , Núñez Carrera Roberto , Erazo Carlos
Published: July 2022

Introducción: La lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) disminuye la morbimortalidad en niños lactantes. La prevalencia de LME en Ecuador es de 58.4%. No existe información disponible de cómo las restricciones aplicadas por la pandemia por COVID-19 han impactado en los hábitos de LME, por lo que este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de LME durante el periodo de confinamiento y sus factores asociados.

Métodos: El presente estudio longitudinal, fue realizado en la clínica “Santa Bárbara” de Quito-Ecuador, de abril a junio del 2020, con una muestra no probabilística de madres de lactantes de niños sanos. Se describe la edad, estado civil, instrucción, actividad laboral, controles prenatales, tipo de parto, prácticas perinatales, control del niño sano, consejería prenatal- postnatal y LME. La asociación se presenta como odds ratio.

Resultados: 114 participantes con LME del 54.4% (62 madres). La consejería prenatal fue un factor protector OR 0.458 (IC 95% 0.216 -0.97) P = 0.045 para la presencia de LME. El uso de sucedáneos de leche materna al alta fue un factor de riesgo para la pérdida de LME, OR 2.46 (IC 95% 1.12-5.42) P=0.025. Los problemas médicos del lactante fueron un factor de riesgo para la pérdida de LME, OR 5.92 (IC 95% 2.62-13.37) P<0.0001.

Conclusiones: Existe mayor abandono de la LME, a pesar del mayor tiempo de contacto entre madre e hijo. El abandono se produce dentro del primer mes de vida en el 65.3% de los casos y se asocia al uso de sucedáneos de leche materna en el momento del alta del recién nacido. Hay una asociación entre problemas médicos del lactante y abandono de LME.
Determinantes de la supervivencia neonatal entre los neonatos fallecidos entre 2014 a 2017 en Ecuador
Authors: Aguilar Molina Andrea Elizabeth , Rivera Guerra Silvana Soledad , Dueñas Espín Ivan Guillermo
Published: July 2022

Introducción: La mortalidad neonatal es un indicador en salud pública. En Ecuador la tasa defunción neonatal es 6 por cada 1 000 nacidos vivos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar los principales determinantes de mortalidad neonatal en los neonatos fallecidos entre los años 2014 a 2017 en el Ecuador.

Metodología: Es presente estudio es un análisis de base de datos nacional del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos del Ecuador-INEC y del Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador, que registra la mortalidad de neonatos fallecidos entre los años 2014 y 2017. Se evaluaron las variables prenatales, natales, posnatales y sociodemográficas y su asociación con la mortalidad, medida en días de supervivencia. Se estimó los cocientes de riesgo de muerte neonatal ajustados (Hazard Ratio [HR]) mediante modelos de riesgos proporcionales de Cox y regresión de Cox ponderada por probabilidad inversa.

Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio 2 893 recién nacidos, 1 380 (48%) fueron de sexo femenino; edad gestacional mediana (P25 a P75) al nacer: 31 (27 a 36) semanas. La mediana del tiempo de supervivencia en días de vida fue significativamente mayor por cada aumento en la puntuación de Apgar a los 5 minutos: 0.2 días para ≤ 4 puntos, 2 días para 5 puntos 2.9 días para 6 puntos, 3.1 días para 7 puntos, 3.8 días para 8 puntos, 4.4 días para 9 puntos y 5.5 días para 10 puntos. Después de ajustar por variables prenatales, natales, posnatales y sociodemográficas, el HR fue 32% (IC 95%: 27% a 37%) más alto por cada disminución en el Apgar de dos a tres puntos (P < 0.01).

Conclusiones: La valoración de APGAR a los 5 minutos predice la supervivencia de los neonatos, los mayores valores se asocian con más supervivencia. Los factores que incrementan el riesgo de mortalidad son la edad materna adolescente y añosa, la edad gestacional prematuro extremo, el peso bajo extremo, la presencia de malformaciones y asfixia neonatal. Los factores sociodemográficos fueron los nacimientos en instituciones de primer nivel y los neonatos nacidos en la zona 3 del Ecuador (Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Chimborazo y Pastaza).
On ways to protect the rights of the parties to the contract: Based on the Supreme Court of Ukraine practice
Authors: Zozuliak Olha , Banasevych Iryna , Оliinyk Oksana , Gryshko Uliana
Published: July 2022

The article considers ways to protect the rights of the parties to a contract in resolving their disputes based on the application of the Supreme Court of Ukraine practice. The institution for the protection of civil rights is inextricably linked with the institution for the exercise of civil rights since a clear civil turnover implies not only the recognition of certain civil rights for subjects but also ensuring their reliable legal protection. For that reason, the relevance of the research lies in the fact that the conclusions and proposals will considerably improve the effectiveness of human rights activities and the quality of providing legal assistance to subjects of civil law relations. Considering the above, the purpose of the study is to analyse the doctrinal and regulatory aspects of ways to protect the rights of the parties to the contract during resolving their disputes and determine the main trends in the practice of the Supreme Court of Ukraine on this problem. The main methods used in the study of ways to protect the rights of the parties to the contract are observation, empirical description, and experiment. The main results of the study are the construction of national civil law on the pandect system by separating the general and special parts to determine the correct application in judicial practice of general and special provisions of the Code, which regulate certain legal institutions.
Application of forms of alternative dispute resolution in Ukraine
Authors: Zarosylo Volodymyr , Kaplya Oleksandr , Muraviov Kyrylo , Myniuk Dmytro
Published: July 2022

Resolving legal conflicts is one of the main tasks of any state. This function is in most cases entrusted to the judiciary, but as experience shows, the court alone cannot ensure the effective functioning of the legal dispute resolution system. For every democratic state, the availability of an alternative is important, and the subject of law must be able to choose the ways of resolving legal disputes. Today in the world there are such alternative ways of resolving disputes as: arbitration, mediation, consultation, negotiations, intersession, conciliation procedure and others. The purpose of the article is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of alternative dispute resolution methods. The article analyzes the literature on this topic, and also presents the features of alternative ways of dispute resolution, which allows us to identify their advantages and disadvantages as a legal procedure. The existence in most countries of the world of alternative dispute resolution is to some extent positive for the parties to the conflict, because dispute resolution through arbitration, mediation, negotiation, consultation and other alternative dispute resolution allows to resolve it without state intervention and they can be solved much faster. Alternative dispute resolution can to some extent be a source of savings money for the state, as they exist independently and do not require funds to provide them from the state, while in Ukraine the system of commercial courts annually requires a fairly large cost of maintaining such courts
Conditions for conclusion an agreement in criminal proceedings with the participation of the victim’s representative
Authors: Zavydniak Volodymyr , Mular Galina , Chasova Tetiana , Sopilko Iryna , Mudrolyubova Nataliya
Published: July 2022

The main task of this article is to study the essence and purpose of the institute of criminal proceedings “conclusion of an agreement in criminal proceedings”, to reveal the application of this institute of criminal proceedings in practice, to determine its role in legal and social life and to study the conditions of conclusion of the above agreement for a peaceful resolution of the dispute between parties. Among the methods by which the problem of the given topic is studied it is possible to distinguish a dialectic method, comparative-legal, system method, historical-legal, formal-legal method,method of analysis and synthesis. The authors studied the experience of foreign countries in combating corruption and proposed to introduce international experience in the national legislation for successful experience of entering into agreements in criminal proceedings, as well as for the effectiveness of these agreements and maximum compliance with the rights of the parties of the disputes. The study describes the current state of legal acts regulating the conclusion of agreements, the concept of agreements in criminal proceedings and their types and the main reasons for the conclusion of agreements, the terms of the agreement between the parties to criminal proceedings as a wat for a peaceful resolution of disputes, the stages and elements of the conclusion of agreements. The participation of the victim in the process of concluding the agreement was also investigated. On the example of international experience of development and application of this institute the establishment of the institute and its further development, as well as the conditions of conclusion of the agreement in such states are investigated.
Online Sports Betting in Brazil and conflict solution clauses
Authors: Ferreira Daniel , Gromova Elizaveta , Farias Bianca , Giovannini Cristiane
Published: July 2022

Sports betting sites are now a reality in Brazil. According to Exame1 magazine, in 2018, it moved around 2 billion reais per year, and with the imminent regulation of Act n. 13.756 /2018, it should move approximately 8 billion reais annually. Online gambling will only reach the peak of its market, according to Rohan Miller,2 when consumers’ risk perception is reduced or neutralized. Questions such as who to look for if something goes wrong and which laws apply in the event of a conflict should be answered clearly by the betting sites’ Terms of Service (EULAs). Therefore, this article’s general objective will be to analyze the methods of conflict resolution included in the Terms of Use of the 9 (nine) main sports betting sites used by Brazilians, namely: 1. Bet365; 2. SportingBet; 3. Betboo; 4. Betway; 5. Rivalo. 6. 22Bet; 7. Betmotion; 8. Bumbet; 9. Bet9. As a specific objective, we will analyze the mediation and arbitration procedures as well as the statistics of two ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) service sites used by the betting sites: the e-Commerce Online Gaming Regulation and Assurance (e-Cogra - online mediation service ) and Independent Betting Adjudication Service (IBAS online arbitration service). Both legally based in England. We could realize that the Brazilian bettor, as a rule, does not read the terms of service and is unaware of the conflict resolution clause provided by the website. Besides, through data analysis from eCOGRA and IBSA, we can state that Brazilian gamblers who access ODR service providers are very rare both because they are unaware and because of linguistic difficulties. Also, the chances of success in resolving conflicts in favor of the consumer through mediation are greater than through online arbitration. In short, we can say that the model established by the UK Gambling Act and the Great Britain Gambling Commission is a model that guarantees the fundamental principles of both mediation and arbitration (impartiality, due process, and easy access). The fact that arbitration and mediation are not binding on bettors under any circumstances also guarantees the parties equal treatment.
¿Sesgo de género en los servicios sociales? Un análisis utilizando etnografía focalizada
Authors: Lucas-García Jezabel , Bayón-Calvo Siro , Gómez-García Rogelio
Published: July 2022

¿Se discrimina a las mujeres cuando acceden a los servicios sociales? Mediante una etnografía focalizada, este trabajo aborda esta cuestión analizando cómo las personas usuarias de servicios sociales se enfrentan a prejuicios de género, y describimos cómo los/as trabajadores/as sociales asimilan y reproducen estos constructos. Dado que el familiarismo es un rasgo definitorio de los estados de bienestar mediterráneos, es probable que aparezcan sesgos de género, evidenciados en las intervenciones directas con las trabajadoras sociales. Nos centramos en el caso de un centro de servicios sociales generales en el País Vasco, analizando 57 casos de hombres y mujeres vulnerables, prestando atención a las intervenciones sociales que reciben. El periodo de estudio coincide con un escenario de recesión económica en el que las políticas basadas en la austeridad han tenido un papel protagonista. Los resultados evidencian la ausencia de una perspectiva de género en un sistema que no se ha transformado lo suficiente para lograr la equidad de género. Se evidencia un sesgo de género en la intervención social en un número importante de los casos, ya que las intervenciones sociales reproducen la perpetuación de la división sexual del trabajo y no promueven mecanismos de corresponsabilidad.
Level of Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change Based on Rice Ecosystems
Authors: Kamaluddin Aptiaty , Hatidja St. , Marmin Hidayat , Mariana Lina
Published: July 2022

This study aims to assess farmers' vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation to climate change based on rice ecosystems. The information on vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in rice ecosystems obtained is expected to be helpful and become input for local governments and other stakeholders in making policies to support agricultural activities in regions in Indonesia, especially in the rice ecosystem. This research was conducted for six months, from February to September 2021. The assessment of farmers' vulnerability to climate change in the rice ecosystem uses three elements of exposure: outcrop, sensitivity, and adaptability. The research sample was taken from the rice production center in Takalar Regency, namely North Polombangkeng District. The study results show that the rainy zone is divided into two climates. Only a tiny part of the rice ecosystem community stated that they did not know about climate change. The impacts of climate change that respondents feel include decreased production (food crops and plantations), crop failure (puso) due to drought, and the reduced show that is the most touched by the rice ecosystem community. The cumulative index of sensitivity in the North Polmbangkeng sub-district is different. The categories are rather low class, relatively low class, and medium-class due to each sensitivity indicator's various weights and scores. Based on the value of the cumulative index of vulnerability and adaptive capacity, the three study districts range from vulnerable to very vulnerable. Lassang Village has the highest vulnerability index value (fragile) compared to the other two study districts, so it needs immediate attention.
Legal Aspects The Use of Dashboard Cameras as an Effort to Develop Traffic Law
Authors: Buana Andika Prawira , Tjolleng Arfah , Aswari Aan
Published: July 2022

The development of the times and technology has an impact on traffic law and road transportation as infrastructure that is inseparable from everyday human life. The need for these infrastructure facilities will continue to increase along with the rapid growth of transportation vehicles. The potential for these developments certainly has a positive and negative impact on its implementation. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the urgency of using a dashboard camera and prove that the use of a dashboard camera is a development of traffic law. The method used in this study is an empirical legal research method. The results of this study indicate that the urgency of using a dashboard camera is a feature that must be installed on a vehicle because it has a good impact, including vehicle supervisors, recording events during the trip, as evidence and complementary documents for insurance claims and is a form of traffic law development.
Legal Politics of Sustainable Agricultural Empowerment in South Sulawesi for Community Welfare and Sustainable Development
Authors: Sinring Bahar , Prawira Buana Andika
Published: July 2022

Conventional agriculture is considered to have a negative impact in the form of degradation and a decrease in soil fertility, reducing soil moisture, damaging ecosystems in the surrounding environment, causing erosion, and causing severe problems with consumer health problems. This prompted the Provincial Government of Sulawesi to determine the answer through official state policies. The method used is normative-empirical with a conceptual approach and legislation, focusing on examining primary data obtained through interview techniques and secondary data consisting of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The data is classified and analyzed descriptively and exploratory. The results of the study show that the government in formulating policies is carried out by developing regional regulations on organic farming systems that contain norms, including first, planning and implementation; second, organic agricultural production facilities; third, organic farming; fourth, facilitating the marketing of organic farm products; fifth, certification, and labeling; sixth, awards; seventh, community participation; eighth, coaching; ninth, supervision; and tenth, supervision.
The Role of Virtual Communities on Consumer Purchase Decisions with Brand Equity as Mediating Variable
Authors: Rukaiyah St.
Published: July 2022

This study aims to analyze the relationship between virtual communities variabel on consumer purchase decision with brand equity as mediating vaiable. The sample in this study was selected with the  100 respondent with Snowball sampling and data colletion with survey. This study uses the PLS method. Next is a hypothesis to test whether there is a relationship between virtual communities, brand equity, and purchasing decisions at PT. Hadji Kalla  Toyota Makassar. The analytical tool used in this research is Partial Least Square (PLS). Research using WarpPLS 6.0 program. The result of this study state Virtual communities are established to significantly affect purchasing decisions; Virtual communities are proven to have a significant positive effect on brand equity; The Virtual Communities variable shows a solid and dominant influence on brand equity compared to other variables; This study has provided findings on the effect of Virtual Communities on purchasing decisions through brand equity. Virtual Communities will have a role in delivering information that can produce word of mouth and become a choice for prospective buyers to see reviews and the advantages of products. That can be a consideration for companies in developing their marketing strategies, especially in building customer loyalty to the brand.
The Serbian Shaw
Authors: Vlašković Ilić Biljana
Published: July 2022

This article provides a close reading of the Serbian Pygmalion in order to show whether the text (especially Eliza’s lines) has retained or lost some of its vitality in the translation by Borivoje Nedić, one of the finest Serbian translators. The analysis shows that although most of the techniques used by Nedić are appropriate, different translation solutions in specific cases would be more adequate in conveying the play’s main notion that language reveals one’s social class and shapes one’s identity.
On Translating Bernard Shaw’s Arms and the Man in Bulgarian
Authors: Tchaprazov Stoyan
Published: July 2022

Unlike many of Bernard Shaw’s more prominent plays, Arms and the Man, his only play with a Bulgarian connection, remained untranslated into Bulgarian for more than a century. In this article, the author highlights his and his co-translator’s experiences in translating the play into Bulgarian. The article focuses on the challenges of translating specific stylistic idiosyncrasies of the play, including cultural referents, unconventional syntax, and punctuation.
A Bibliography of Bernard Shaw’s Works in Japanese Translation in Memory of Masahiko Masumoto
Authors: Morikawa Hisashi , Oura Ryuichi
Published: July 2022

This is a bibliography of Bernard Shaw’s works in Japanese translation. It was originally compiled by Masahiko Masumoto (1934–2006) and has been supplemented and updated by Ryuichi Oura. The list is preceded by an introduction that briefly traces a history of Shaw’s reception in Japan and outlines how Japanese translators have tried to solve some problems in translating Shaw, such as choosing suitable titles and transplanting dialects and swear words.
Bernard Shaw at the Brighton School of Art: A Lecture on “Art and Public Money”
Authors: Rodríguez Martín Gustavo A.
Published: July 2022

Bernard Shaw delivered a lecture on “Art and Public Money” in March 1907 at the annual prize-giving of the Brighton School of Art. This lecture remains one of the most popular sources for Shaw’s views on these subjects, especially because of his brilliant rhetoric and unmistakably Shavian style. The purpose of this article is to provide a critical edition of the text of the lecture, as reported by the Sussex Daily News and the Brighton Herald.
A Generalization of $p$-Adic Factorial
Authors: BELHADEF Rafik
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we establish a new approach of the p-adic analogue of Roman factorial, called p-adic Roman factorial. We define this new concept and demonstrate its properties and some properties of p-adic factorial.
A New Family of Odd Nakagami Exponential (NE-G) Distributions
Authors: PONGKİTİWİTOON Mathee , ABDULLAHİ İbrahim , JOB Obalowa
Published: July 2022

In this study, a new family of odd nakagami exponential (NE-G) distributions is introduced and investigated as a new generator of continuous distributions. Quantile, hazard rate function, moments, incomplete moments, order statistics, and entropies are only a few of the statistical features that are investigated. A unique model is presented and thoroughly examined. To estimate model parameters based on describing real-life data sets, the maximum likelihood method is applied. The bias and mean square error of maximum likelihood estimators are investigated using a comprehensive simulation exercise. Finally, the new family adaptability is demonstrated via application to real-world data sets.
Study on MRI evaluation of various etiologies of seizures
Authors: Shrikrishana Shriwastav Ashish , Sachan Ankur
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Epilepsy describes a condition in which a person has unprovoked, recurrent seizures due to a chronic, underlying process. Several studies have estimated the prevalence of epilepsy ranging from 5-30 persons per 1000 population. Most of the patients suffering from epilepsy have good control on seizures with the use of antiepileptic medications, however most of the patients with intractable epilepsy have seizures that are focal and can be potentially treated. Objectives of our study: The objective of our study to find out the role of MRI in evaluating the aetiologies of seizures in subjects with seizure disorder. Methodology: We included a total of 150 subjects after taking voluntary consent from the study subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed proforma was recorded which included subject’s socio demographic data, medical history, personal history, past-history, family history and general physical examination, blood pressure measurement, systemic examination etc. The points noted were duration of illness, type of seizures, and any associated illness. Detailed clinical and neurological examination were done to find out any neurological deficit. Based on the history and examination, a clinic etiological diagnosis was made. Follow up of subjects were done until the completion of treatment (maximum 6 months).
study on the role of epidural steroids in various spine problems
Authors: Parmar Suresh N , Rathva Madhusudan Dharamsas , Kalathiya Chirag Rameshbhai
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim: The majority of chronic pain patients suffer from pain emanating from the spine and adjacent structures. Spasticity has the potential to negatively influence quality of life (QOL) through restricting activities of daily living. Hence the aim of  present study were to study the efficacy of epidural steroid injection in pain control and to study the role of epidural steroid in reduction of spasticity in post traumatic spasticity in spinal cord injury patients. Materials & Methods: A total of 230 patients attending our hospital for a period of three years were evaluated and followed up. Of the total included patients, 200 patients were having either back pain, sciatica, neck pain with or without radiculopathy and 30 patients were having post traumatic spinal cord injury with spasticity. All the patients were assessed for spasticity according to modified Ashworth scale. All the patients were given epidural steroid at regular interval of 21 days at paraplegia clinic.
Management of fracture neck of femur in elderly patients with hemireplacement arthroplasty with austin moore prosthesis at tertiary care centre
Authors: Saini Ravindra Kumar , Lal Ratan , Kumar Amit , Mundotiya Pradeep Kumar
Published: July 2022

Background: The incidence of fracture neck of femur in younger patients is very low and is associated mainly with high-energy trauma. The medical cost of these injuries, in the elderly age group, is higher compared to younger age group due to associated co-morbidities leading to an increased in-hospital stay and increased duration of post op care. Therefore, the present study has been taken up to evaluate the outcome of management of elderly geriatric individuals with Austin Moore prosthesis and the role of the prosthesis in present day orthopedic care in country in patients with multiple comorbidities and those who are home ambulant with limited activities at a large Orthopaedic centre. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive study done on30 cases regarding intra-op complications and functional outcome in the elderly patients who have undergone hemiarthroplasty with Austin Moore prosthesis at Department of Orthopedics, Base Hospital Lucknow from July 2016 to Dec 2017 (18 months). Follow up of patients was done at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and at one year following surgery and earlier in case of any complication. Functional Outcome was noted in terms of Modified Harris hip score at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months.