bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFORMATION AND MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURES CONTAINED IN THE NATURAL LANGUAGE WORD DOMAINS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Authors: Ho Nguyen Cat
Published: October 2021

The study stands on the standpoint that there exist relationships between real-world structures and their provided information in reality. Such relationships are essential because the natural language plays a specifically vital and crucial role in, e.g., capturing, conveying information, and accumulating knowledge containing useful high-level information. Consequently, it must contain certain semantics structures, including linguistic (L-) variables’ semantic structures, which are fundamental, similar to the math variables’ structures. In this context, the fact that the (L-) variables’ word domains can be formalized as algebraic semantics-based structures in an axiomatic manner, called hedge algebras (HAs,)  is still a novel event and essential for developing computational methods to simulate the human capabilities in problem-solving based on the so-called natural language-based formalism. Hedge algebras were founded in 1990. Since then, HA-formalism has been significantly developed and applied to solve several application problems in many distinct fields, such as fuzzy control, data classification and regression, robotics, L-time series forecasting, and L-data summarization. The study gives a survey to summarize specific distinguishing fundamental features of HA-formalism, its applicability in problem-solving, and its performance.
USING COMBINATORIAL MAPS FOR ALGORITHMS ON GRAPHS
Authors: Cori Robert
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to come back to a data structure representation of graph by permutations. This originated in the years 1960-1970 by contributions due to J. Edmonds [7], A. Jacques [11], W. Tutte [22] in order to consider the embedding of a graph in a surface as a combinatorial object. Some algebraic developments where suggested in [4] and [12]. It was also used for implementation in different situation, like planarity testing by H. de Fraysseix and P. Rosenstiehl [6], computer vision by G. Damiand  and A. Dupas [5] or formal proofs by G. Gonthier [9].
DERIVED TERMS WITHOUT DERIVATION A SHIFTED PERSPECTIVE ON THE DERIVED-TERM AUTOMATON
Authors: Lombardy Sylvain , Sakarovitch Jacques
Published: October 2021

We present here a construction for the derived term automaton (aka partial derivative, or Antimirov, automaton) of a rational (or regular) expression based on a sole induction on the depth of the expression and without making reference to an operation of derivation of the expression. It is particularly well-suited to the case of weighted rational expressions.
El combate a la corrupción como prioridad ciudadana para la acción gubernamental: el caso de Chile, 2000-2019
Authors: Krstulovic Mariángeles Cifuentes , Navia Patricio
Published: October 2021

Resumen Después de una discusión teórica sobre qué explica la percepción de corrupción y la importancia que le da la gente a que el combate a la corrupción sea una prioridad para la acción gubernamental, planteamos 4 hipótesis que testeamos en Chile, una democracia con baja percepción de corrupción, pero con varios escándalos de corrupción en años recientes. Usamos 43 encuestas (N = 63.768) nacionales del Centro de Estudios Públicos (CEP) entre 2000 y 2019 para estimar modelos logísticos binarios. La probabilidad de mencionar a la corrupción por sobre otros asuntos como prioridad para la acción gubernamental es menor entre los que aprueban al presidente, mayor entre los que más consumen medios de comunicación para informarse políticamente, menor en los primeros años y mayor en los últimos años de cada gobierno, y menor en personas que consideran que la delincuencia, el empleo y otros temas sociales debieran ser prioridad para el gobierno.
Factores asociados a las preferencias alimentarias de los niños
Authors: Anaya García Sugey Elena , Álvarez Gallego Mónica María
Published: October 2021

Objetivo. Presentar una revisión bibliográfica de la influencia de las familias y la escuela sobre las preferencias alimentarias de los niños. Su objetivo es comprender aquellos factores asociados a las preferencias alimentarias infantiles. Metodología. Se hizo análisis de información de investigaciones realizadas en el tema con el fin de indagar cómo estamos ante la prevención de la malnutrición en los niños y el fomento de hábitos alimenticios saludables. Resultados. La familia es determinante en la formación de las preferencias alimentarias de los niños, pero también lo es en la aparición de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. El entorno educativo es fundamental en la promoción de hábitos alimentarios saludables. Conclusiones. En la consolidación de hábitos alimentarios durante la niñez, además de considerar la influencia de la familia y la escuela, deben tenerse en cuenta asuntos como la inapetencia, la neofobia alimenticia y la construcción de la personalidad.
Le traitement lexicographique de la préposition sprzed dans les dictionnaires polonais-français
Authors: UCHEREK Witold
Published: October 2021

Cette étude analyse 16 articles lexicographiques consacrés à la préposition sprzed relevés dans des dictionnaires généraux polonais-français de toutes les tailles, publiés après 1960. L’examen de ces articles montre que leur contenu informatif en matière d’équivalence est non seulement trop pauvre, mais parfois aussi non conforme à la réalité linguistique, notamment parce que l’usage fait que l’aire d’emploi de de devant, équivalent littéral de sprzed pris dans son emploi spatial, est très limitée. Aucun ouvrage ne permet de choisir un équivalent approprié en fonction du contexte. L’analyse de l’aire d’emploi de différents équivalents, au fil du texte, permet d’en dresser un inventaire pertinent et de mieux cerner leurs conditions d’utilisation.
Automedicação em idosos da Atenção Básica
Authors: Silva Thalita Cristinny Araujo , Júnior Francisco das Chagas Candeira Mendes , Silva Jefferson Carlos Araujo , Carvalho Jeane de Sousa , Ribeiro Mara Dayanne Alves , Biângulo Fernando Barcellar
Published: October 2021

OBJETIVO: Descrever a prática da automedicação em idosos atendidos na Atenção Básica. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório realizado com idosos adscritos na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) Mutirão do município de Cocal, Piauí. Foram incluídos idosos com autonomia física e funcional. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário contendo dados sociodemográfico e dados relacionados à prática da automedicação. A análise se deu pela estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: Um total de 35 idosos integraram a amostra, com média de idade 70 (± 6,6) anos e predominância do sexo feminino (65,7%). Verificou-se que 80% dos participantes referiram fazer uso de medicações de maneira regular, 62,8% não receberam informações sobre os perigos da automedicação, 68,6%toma remédios sem prescrição médica e 48,6% usa medicação indicada por vizinho/amigo/parente. Quadros álgicos seguido da gripe/resfriado foram os motivos mais comuns da automedicação. A orientação farmacêutica (74,3%) e ter resolvido o problema de saúde antes da consulta médica (68,6%) estão entre as causas que favoreceram a referida pratica. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados sugerem que a automedicação entre os idosos é comum, principalmente em quadros álgicos e resfriados, e que a dificuldade de acesso à consulta médica, orientação farmacêutica e o desconhecimento dos perigos predispõem a esta prática.
Situações e repercussões da violência doméstica na saúde das mulheres
Authors: De Moraes Nogueira Chanelle , Stein Backes Dirce , Gema Santini Costenaro Regina , Araujo Londero Carolina , Teixeira de Souza Martha Helena
Published: October 2021

OBJETIVO: Compreender as situações e repercussões de violência doméstica na saúde das mulheres abrigadas em uma casa de passagem. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória de caráter qualitativa realizada durante novembro e dezembro de 2020. Fizeram parte do estudo oito mulheres que se encontravam na casa de passagem, durante o período de coleta dos dados. Entrevistas individuais em sala reservadas, guiadas por roteiro semiestruturado com questões norteadoras foi a técnica utilizada para a obtenção dos dados, que foram registrados, organizados e posteriormente categorizados por temas. RESULTADOS: Da análise dos dados, emergiram duas categorias, construídas a partir de respostas das entrevistas, sendo: a violência que se repete e as relações entre violência e saúde. A primeira categoria diz respeito ao modo como as mulheres vivenciaram violências em diferentes trajetórias de vida. Já a segunda, refere-se a como essas situações interferem em aspectos relacionados à sua saúde. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O estudo revelou, por meio das falas, que há medo na busca de ajuda devido à falta de informações.
S1. A modified method for blood culture direct testing using 2% SDS detergent and heat. v1
Authors: Wenrich Kendra
Published: October 2021

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) can accurately identify bloodstream pathogens directly from positive blood culture bottles without the need to wait for agar plate growth. In this study, 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergent was assessed to determine its benefit in the removal of interfering cellular components for testing on the Bruker Microflex LT MALDI-TOF MS instrument with the Biotyper® CA system. Additionally, the use of a heat-drying step was evaluated for performance improvement over conventional air-drying of samples on the MALDI steel target plate. The modified method with 2% SDS outperformed the in-house protocol in overall success with percentage scores of 91% and 55% ( respectively). The data results support the potential of applying a simple lysing step to an existing in-house extraction method and the use of modified drying methods. The modified techniques evaluated in this study proved beneficial for identifying most blood culture pathogens encountered in the clinical laboratory, and they can allow for reduced turnaround times and more appropriate antibiotic treatments.
Ditransitive Constructions in Zaza Language
Authors: ARSLAN İlyas
Published: October 2021

Languages group verbs in different ways. Because of the ergative feature of Zazaki, it plays a big role whether the verbs are transitive or intransitive. Zaza Language introduces some pronouns to distinguish double-transitive verbs from transitive and intransitive verbs. In some linguistic works, the terms transitive and ergative are used synonymously. This article aims to scrutinize ditransitive constructions in the Zaza language, which has some interesting syntactic elements in these structures. They are mostly pronouns in combination with directions. Several pronouns replace indirect object. On the one hand, the goal of this study is to find out the functions of these pronouns. The semantic content of these pronouns decides which pronouns may appear in a specific position. They can appear with or without directions. Only the pronouns such as cı can alone replace a NP, the other ones need a direction for this replacing. On the other hand, this study discusses the morphosyntactic and semantic realizations in ditransitive constructions. While these pronouns do not syntactically follow the same word order, they can semantically be classified into two groups.
Subjectivities in curricular practices in Mathematics in Youth and Adult Education
Authors: Freitas Adriano Vargas , Andrade Eliane Lopes Werneck de , Xavier Francisco Josimar Ricardo
Published: October 2021

Background: The curriculum practices, especially those related to Mathematics, developed in EJA, can exert a strong influence on the students' sentiment of self-efficacy and, in turn, influence the cognitive processing of mathematical knowledge. Objective: To investigate which meanings of curricular practices in Mathematics are subjectived by EJA teachers. Design: Narratives of 5 teachers who work at EJA, whose data collection was through interviews.  Environmente and participants: The research took place in a rural municipal public school located in a city in the interior of Ceará. Data collection and analysis: Textual Discursive Analysis. Results: The curricular practices developed in EJA, especially those related to mathematics, can exert a strong influence on the student's sentiment of self-efficacy and influence their cognitive processing of mathematical knowledge. The moments of collective pedagogical planning and training influence the selection of curriculum content and teaching materials, guiding the construction of the teachers' curricular practices, influencing the construction of their subjectivities, in a permanent relationship between subjects who interact and confront each other from different ways for their pedagogical work, including the support they seek from their peers. Conclusions: Thinking about the subjectivities of the actors involved in EJA should mean turning the attention to the teaching and learning processes, which encompass a range of diversities of social groups with very different cultures, expectations, ages and interests, meaning greater attention to production and implementation of appropriate curricula and teaching for these groups of students, considering their cultures, experiences and previous experiences.
THE INSTITUTE OF COUNSELOR IN THE DOMESTIC SYSTEM OF PUBLIC SERVICE: THE STATE AND PROBLEMS OF LEGAL FIXING
Authors: Pronevych O.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to understanding the specifics of the social mission and the state of legal consolidation of the administrative legal personality of councilors in public authorities and local governments. It is emphasized that the problem of selection of candidates for the positions of advisers to the heads of public authorities is the subject of lively discussion, as a rather controversial collective image of the adviser has formed in the public consciousness. This is due to his belonging to officials who hold a particularly responsible position and perform official duties in the presence of a high level of corruption risks. It is established that the commitment of candidates for advisers is carried out in the context of providing scientific support for the formation and implementation of public policy, implementation of best management practices, finding optimal management and legal algorithms for resolving conflicts, improving the quality of management decisions. The urgent need to improve the domestic service legislation by adopting a special law on patronage service in order to unify the legal framework for the organization and operation of patronage services. First of all, it is necessary to normatively enshrine the right of specific public authorities to establish a patronage service, to provide an exhaustive list of patronage service positions for each of these bodies, to provide the right of equal access to patronage service, to introduce a single mechanism for selection and appointment of patronage service employees. professional achievements and personal business qualities, to differentiate their powers depending on the specifics of public authority of individual officials, which create patronage services. There is also a need to specify the functions, main tasks and powers of advisers to heads of public authorities, articulation of basic qualification requirements for candidates for advisers, clear definition of legal bases of interaction of advisers with career civil servants and communication with civil society institutions, articulation of moral and ethical imperatives. official activity of advisers. Keywords: public service, patronage service, adviser in state authorities and local self-government bodies, staff adviser, advisor on a voluntary basis.
History of controlled trials in medicine: real priorities are little-known. Report 2. From early experiments to the present day: without alternation and randomization
Authors: Koterov A. N. , Tikhonova O. A. , Ushenkova L. N. , Biryukov A. P.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the three-report review is the historical development of clinical trials, controlled trials (CT) and randomized controlled trials (RCT), and the inclusion of these approaches in health-related disciplines (Medicine and Epidemiology). Report 2 provides a description of the wellknown James Lind Library (JLL), as well as a formed database of sources on the theme. JLL was internationalized, although most of the papers belong to authors from the UK. Many studies on the history of CT and RCT are reflected in JLL publications, but remain unclaimed without changing on common milestones and priorities. Besides, the formed base of sources included 9 studies not reflected in the JLL, of which three are principled. Six of them are given in Report 2.

Half of historical milestones on the theme (168 in total) belong to the United Kingdom, 23% to the United States, and 4% to the Italy. The remaining 19 countries, ancient, medieval and modern, contribute 0.6–4% (Russia – 1.2% by the 20th century). The earliest source on the history of CT is J.P. Bull’s dissertation (1951). The formed database as of July 2020 contained more than 260 publications, and only 9 of them were Russian (2005–2018). The base includes 7 western dissertations on the history of CT.

The object of the Report 2 study was CT as such, without any attempts at randomization or even quasi-randomization by alternate allocation. The most comprehensive thematic table on non-randomized CTs has been compiled, including studies from the Chinese emperor Shen Nung (2373 BC) and the prophet Daniel (6th century BC), to BCG vaccination for children of Canadian Indians (1941–1949). PubMed search on ‘non-randomized controlled trial’ was made. For the period of 1990–2020 years, 303 publications were found (up to 32 papers in 2020). Compared to RCT, the number of such studies is small (estimated at 0.08%), but it is important to have an appropriate conjuncture in the modern period. Along with the fact that most of the drugs and therapies currently in use are developed without RCT, the revealed ‘immortality’ of CT, even without quasi-randomization, can have social significance, removing complexes and embarrassment in cases where neither RCT nor even quasi-RCT is possible, but social and public needs require the immediate receipt of at least an approximate answer to hot questions of public health (for example, in 2020).
A Competency Model for a Specialist in Medical and Psychological Work in the Field of Road Safety
Authors: Bedina I.A. , Burtsev A.A. , Kochetova T.V.
Published: October 2021

This article is aimed at highlighting the problem of training practicing psychologists for medical and psychological work on the prevention, prevention of accidents and road traffic accidents, as well as a system for assessing suitability for driving a vehicle in the Russian Federation. The analysis of international experience in the development of educational and professional standards within the framework of the model of medical and psychological support for safe mobility is presented. The content of the activities of specialists in the field of traffic psychology is considered, the role of interaction with specialists in the field of transport medicine and transport pedagogy is emphasized. The issues related to the problem of replicating foreign models of training specialists in the field of road safety for modern Russian realities are touched upon. The results of the initial stage of development of the competence model of specialists (based on the Federal State Educational Standard) in the direction of preparation 44.04.02 "Psychological and pedagogical education" of the master's program "Traffic Psychology" are presented.
Molecular mechanisms of antiatherogenic drugs action
Authors: Lizunov Aleksey V. , Bychkov Evgenii R.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this review is the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism, their disorders leading to atherosclerosis, and the influence of modern antiatherogenic and antihyperlipidemic agents on atherogenic mechanisms. At the beginning of the review, a general description of atherosclerosis as pathology, its main characteristics and factors is given. The question of the complexity of the treatment of atherosclerosis and the problems arising in connection with the complexity is considered. Current models of the nature of atherosclerotic lesions are described. Next, we consider modern anti-atherosclerotic drugs used in clinical practice. Their nomenclature is given. Their basic biochemical mechanisms and the nature of their action are analyzed. Their negative effects and side effects are also considered. Then, the molecular and genetic mechanisms associated with atherosclerosis are analyzed in detail. The genes associated with lipid metabolism and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, their expression and regulation are considered. The question of the influence of known anti-atherosclerotic agents on their expression is also covered. A group of azole drugs and their effect on lipid metabolism are considered in the context of the search for new anti-atherogenic drugs. The final part of the review examines the relevance of the search for new anti-atherosclerotic agents and methods for modeling dyslipidemia as a model of conditions that correlate with anti-atherosclerotic vascular lesions. It was concluded that the search for antiatherogenic drugs among imidazole derivatives is promising.
The role of N-cholinoreceptors in somatovisceral intersystemic interactions in early rat ontogenesis
Authors: Sizonov Vladimir A. , Dmitrieva Ludmila E. , Kuznetsov Sergey V.
Published: October 2021

Interaction of slow-wave rhythmic components of cardiac, respiratory and motor activities was analyzed in non-narcotized of newborn 1-day-old (P1) and 16-day-old (P16) Wistar rat pups under normal and impaired cholinergic regulation. Functional activity of these three systems is rhythmic, and coordination of their functioning is an important element of the mechanism of adaptive rearrangements under changing factors of the external and internal environment. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine (eserine) was used to increase the level of endogenous acetylcholine and enhance cholinergic effects. To reveal the role of N-cholinoreceptors in intersystemic somatovisceral interactions (ISI), we performed blockade of this receptor type with benzohexonium. Administration of physostigmine leads to the development of a number of pathological reactions and a decrease in the level of ISI in all ranges of modulating rhythms in rats of both ages. ISI in younger rats appear to be more resistant to changes in the level of cholinergic activation. Blockade of N-cholinoreceptors causes inhibition of ISI at P1 and partially to their potentialization at P16. The activation of cholinoreactive structures, which occurred against the background of cholinoreceptors blockade, reduces the pathological effects of physostigmine in animals of both ages, but at the same time leads to an attenuation of ISI. This weakening is more pronounced in 16-day old rats, which may indicate the formation of the definitive level of cholinergic regulation in the first weeks of postnatal ontogenesis.
The Vape Debate
Authors:   , Demery Nina , McHugh Michelle
Published: October 2021

The main purpose for this study is to examine advocacy groups fighting the vaping epidemic through counter-marketing. These groups are utilizing social media, podcasts and video games to reach teens and parents, arming them with the tools to combat the tobacco industry's recycled advertising strategies used to addict millions of people each year. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight anti-vaping experts. Does counter- marketing contribute to the declines in youth vaping? Why has vape advertising not been banned in the media? Is JUUL's advertising suspension enough to atone for the misinformation already spread online? These are all questions the experts attempted to answer. The study finds that anti-vaping counter-marketing is essential to those who are tempted, those who are already addicted and the casual users who do not understand the dangers. There is no one way to counter-market but it is imperative that advocacy groups continue to follow media trends that the tobacco industry will no doubt use to addict the next generation.
What is "Normal"?
Authors:   , Hartman Alison Rose , Geller Pamela A
Published: October 2021

Maternal sleep disturbance is common during pregnancy. Some sleep disturbances that accompany pregnancy, such as increased sleep fragmentation due to pregnancy-related bodily discomfort, are normative. These normative sleep disturbances may be attributable to physical, hormonal, or psychological changes that occur during pregnancy. Other sleep problems that arise during this transitional time, however, may pose a risk for insomnia disorder, psychopathology such as depression and anxiety, and adverse pregnancy, maternal health, infant health, and birth outcomes. This important distinction between normative, expected sleep difficulties and non-normative, maladaptive sleep problems that may confer risk has yet to be defined amongst women who are pregnant. Furthermore, there is a paucity of research examining sleep continuity or sleep morbidities (disorders) amongst women who are intending to conceive, including those who are experiencing infertility and therefore are likely to be highly stressed. This research aimed to address these gaps by providing a comprehensive view of sleep continuity and sleep morbidities amongst women of reproductive age across childbearing status. The current study utilized a prospective cohort design to examine sleep continuity and sleep morbidities cross-sectionally amongst three groups of reproductive-aged nulliparous women: those who, at the time of enrollment, were 1) not currently intending to conceive, 2) currently intending to conceive (including those with infertility), and 3) currently in the first trimester of pregnancy. Participants self-reported demographic data, sleep continuity data, and sleep morbidity data utilizing an online questionnaire and daily sleep diaries. Results indicated that, across childbearing status, reproductive-aged women experienced more sleep disturbances than suggested by population norms. Compared to those who were not intending to conceive and those who were intending to conceive, pregnant women in the first trimester reported higher cumulative sleep morbidity. Specifically, pregnant women were found to be at increased risk for symptoms of insomnia disorder and restless legs syndrome compared to their peers. Pregnant women were more likely to report symptoms of early, middle, and late insomnia than their peers, resulting in increased daytime fatigue in this population. Finally, women with a perceived problem becoming pregnant, regardless of meeting clinical criteria for infertility or undergoing fertility treatment, experienced increased insomnia symptoms. This research has the potential to impact how providers characterize normal versus abnormal sleep amongst women of various childbearing statuses, and thereby may contribute to improved pregnancy and maternal/infant health outcomes.
The Advent of DTTV and the Liberalization of the TV Industry in Cote d'Ivoire
Authors:   , Fofana Makoya R. , McHugh Michelle
Published: October 2021

Cote d'Ivoire is a country located in West Africa. The media industry is still budding in this part of the world due to political turmoil, weak economy and a lack of corporate strategies. The country recently adopted two new laws that contributed to the development of the Ivorian TV and Cinema industry. The first law was the adoption of digital television (DTTV) which would bring a higher definition of picture and sound and the second one was the liberalization of the TV industry. The objective of this research is to study the current market despite the ongoing changes and find the necessary answers, explanations and solutions for this underdeveloped topic. A set of studies was conducted in order to answer four research questions that are sine qua non to the expansion of the audiovisual sector in Cote d'Ivoire. The first study was about the delay of the liberalization of the sector. The method chosen was an interview and four themes were identified namely the digital environment, the lack of governmental funding, the government's control of information, and the correlation between social media and television. The second study was about the willingness to acquire DTTV decoders. The method chosen was a survey and the researcher found out that the "45 or older". demographic is more willing to pay for DTTV decoders compared to the "18 to 45" demographic. The third study was about differentiation in the Ivorian market. LifeTV's Head of programs was interviewed, and information was recorded. Three themes were identified namely new legislations and the creation of LifeTV, licensing fees and costs, and the differentiation strategy used by LifeTV.
Attitudes Toward the Amish: Contact, Social Dominance, and Beliefs in Equality
Authors: Byers Bryan D. , McGuigan William , Jones James A.
Published: October 2021

This study measured prejudice toward the Amish among the non-Amish using the Attitude Toward Amish scale. A sample of university students in the state of Indiana (N = 107) responded to an online survey instrument that was designed to replicate a previous study on what factors predict prejudice toward the Amish. The findings support some but not all of the predictors of anti-Amish prejudice found in the prior study. This study also measured knowledge of anti-Amish abusive behavior carried out by nonAmish. It was discovered that, as contact with the Amish increased, the odds of a respondent either hearing about or directly knowing of such conduct increased. The full findings are discussed, along with study strengths and weaknesses, potential application of the findings, and future research.
Attitudes and Beliefs of COVID-19 and Vaccine Uptake among Amish Women
Authors: Thomas Melissa , Byler Iva , Marrero Kayla , Miller Janet , Donnermeyer Joseph F.
Published: October 2021

The Amish, a Christian religious group living in rural areas with distinct beliefs about remaining separate from the outside world, have communities in 31 states and four Canadian provinces with just over 600 settlements. Their access to health care and technology is often limited. Several studies have noted low vaccination rates for preventable diseases among the Amish, often due to lack of knowledge about efficacy and safety of vaccines. To gain an understanding of beliefs surrounding COVID-19 and attitudes toward vaccine uptake, we surveyed 863 Amish and Mennonite women throughout Ohio who participated in rural mobile health clinics between 2015 and 2019 at two time periods: before and after the 2020 election. We received 372 completed surveys, 252 of which were completed by respondents who identified themselves as Amish. While 100% of the Amish respondents had heard of COVID-19 and 90% reported knowing someone who had contracted the disease, a mere 1.7% (4) indicated a willingness to get vaccinated. In terms of COVID-19 diagnosis, post-election participants were two times more likely to report having a positive test than pre-election respondents (p = .011). Qualitative analyses revealed significant differences in keywords used to describe COVID-19. Post-election respondents were less likely to use words like "evil" and "bad" and associate COVID-19 with the flu. A notable shift in vaccine hesitancy among Amish participants centered on the perceived politicization of the pandemic and safety/efficacy of the vaccines. Public health efforts should center on raising awareness of the severity of COVID-19 and the benefits of vaccine uptake for distinctive subcultures like the Amish.
Editors' Introduction
Authors: Donnermeyer Joseph F. , Nolt Steven M.
Published: October 2021

No abstract available.
Ontology of designing of a contemporary field-specific university museum
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolev, Samara, Russia, Bogdanova N.V. , Borgest N.M. ,   Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolev, Samara, Russia,   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Control of Complex Systems RAS, Samara, Russia, Vlasov S.A. ,   Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolev, Samara, Russia, Glibotsky D.S. ,   Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolev, Samara, Russia
Published: October 2021

The work is devoted to the development of the concept of a contemporary field-specific museum on the example of the Museum of Aviation and Cosmonautics of Samara University. The rapid development of the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute, and later the Samara National Research University named after academician S.P.Korolev identified the need to improve not only the expositions of the museum, but also to propose a new concept of the museum, to greatly expand its role and significance in external relations, in education and in scientific activity. The design of the museum concept was based on the ontological approach. The analysis of the legal framework of museum activities in the Russian Federation is carried out, the views of philosophers and historians on the concept of the museum are presented, the practice of designing modern museums, and the features of specialized, and in particular, university museums are considered. The authors propose to include a virtual tour of the locations that previously independently existed at the university, and are used in the educational process. These are: a training aerodrome where the samples of aviation equipment are presented; Europe's largest Center for the History of Aircraft Engines, aircraft class and equipment class; Museum of the history of KuAI-SSAU. On the one hand, it is important to maintain continuity in the museum's expositions, and on the other hand, it is significant to offer innovative solutions that will be in demand by a potential consumer and the target audience. It is proposed to focus on the museum of the future, on the widespread use of information technologies, the presentation of new and future projects, on the expansion of the volume of thematic material through QR codes, which allow visitors to supplement audio and video materials. Equipping the museum with bilingual audio guides and basic inscriptions is an indisputable requirement for a modern museum. Cool and original lighting, moving models and exhibits, flying drones and flies, the use of virtual and augmented reality technologies, as well as a relaxation zone in the form of an aircraft cabin will make it possible to achieve the desired impression among visitors about the university of the future.
Social business in Ukraine: challenges and obstacles
Authors: Buchak Myroslava
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyze the current situation of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine and to define challenges and obstacles it faces during development. A multidimensional study of the phenomenon, the relevance of which is due to a change in the whole paradigm thinking about what business is, what responsibility they bear to society, and what impact they can have on the society around them.This article contributes to the literature on combining qualitative and quantitative methods of research on social business in Ukraine. The empirical part of the study was conducted through document analysis (a catalog of social enterprises), semistructured interviews, and a quantitative survey. The perception and understanding of phenomena by social entrepreneurs were clarified. The barriers to social business development were identified and typified by resource, financial, communicational, system, and the quarantine as specific challenges during COVID-19 time.There is no universal definition of “social enterprise”, even among those involved in social business. However, there is a common idea of the image of a social entrepreneur, the emphasis being mainly on intrinsic motivation and outstanding personal characteristics. Resource barriers include rooms/building, land, and materials. Financial barriers are the startup capital, chances to get loans, taxes, and rent. Communication barriers are in interaction with government agencies, investors, and employees search and selection. System barriers are connected to lack of a specific status in legislation and the registration form for social business, also rejection and misunderstanding of the phenomenon by society. Quarantine was named as a specific challenge, because it threatened both social and traditional business during a coronavirus pandemic.The development of social business creates the demand for training programs and for the events where experiences and ideas can be shared. Considering the differences between social and traditional business models, there is a need to develop an appropriate system for monitoring and performance evaluation.
Factors of Ukrainian men involving in men’s movements that support gender equality
Authors: Ohanesian Maryna , Martsenyuk Tamara
Published: October 2021

In recent years, Ukraine has received more attention to the issues of masculinity, the position of men and their participation in activism in support of gender equality. In Ukraine, there are several men’s organizations and initiatives that support the ideas of gender equality: dad schools, men against violence, HeforShe Ukraine and HeforShe Congresses, profeminist schools for men, national networks of male leaders against violence, an international union of courageous dads, etc. Feminist public activists appear to talk about the benefits of gender equality.
The men’s movement for gender equality in the world and in Ukraine is seen as focusing on either women’s rights or men’s rights. According to men’s movement researcher Michael Messner, institutional privileges and costs of masculinity are the aspects of the classification of male movements.
As a result of the analysis of six in-depth interviews with Ukrainian activists of men’s movements, Michael Messner’s ideas were illustrated with examples from Ukrainian society. Factors involving men in men’s movements for gender equality differ depending on the type of the men’s movement. Women’s rights movements were characterized by awareness of cases of discrimination against women and a corresponding sense of solidarity and compassion. Movements for men’s rights – by awareness of cases of discrimination against men in their own experience, a sense of the need to respond to the movement for women’s rights, and the situation of men’s movements in Ukraine, i.e. factors that directly affect men.
In addition, it has been found that there are common factors in involving men in women’s and men’s rights movements, such as the existence of a feminist movement, a sense of the need for change, and a desire to be involved in local or global change.
Expert interviews have found that the use of personal experience is the most effective way to influence the level of men’s involvement in men’s movements for gender equality, including in Ukraine. Attention to real cases of gender discrimination against women will be perceived more sincerely and openly than statistics. Attention to real cases of gender discrimination against women will be perceived more sincerely and openly than statistics. In addition, it is important to demonstrate the experience of men who understand the benefits of gender equality for men as well. They, according to experts, will be able to serve as examples for other men to follow.
Separately, experts noted the role of education in the desire to join the struggle of men for the idea of gender equality. Both non-formal education programs and formal education on equal rights and opportunities can be tools for introducing changes in men’s attitudes to discrimination.
FORMATION OF THE OPTOELECTRONIC SYSTEM DIRECTIONAL DIAGRAM USING FIBER-OPTIC CABLE
Authors: Santoniy V. I. , Lepikh Ya. I. , Yanko V. I. , Ivanchenko I. A. , Budiyanskaya L. M.
Published: October 2021

The method of forming directional diagrams (RD) with the possibility of controlling it in space is described. The method of forming of the object location detection zone of complex shape in the transmitter-receiver optical system with the help of fiber-optic cables (OIC) is substantiated and created. The problem of a circular field of view of a multi-channel optoelectronic system (ECO) creating, designed for advanced high-speed objects at short distance detection has been solved. According to the results of laboratory tests of the developed ECO model is established that in the working range of distances of a location of 0,5 ... 10,0 m reliable detection of the target high-speed and high-precision registration of object in all DS directions is reached.
VOCABULARY OF FOREIGN ORIGIN: PROBLEMS OF NORM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE
Authors: Gremalіuk T. V.
Published: October 2021

The article presents a multifaceted analysis of the dynamics of spelling and pronunciation of words of foreign origin in the Ukrainian literary language. The research expanded the range of knowledge about the phases of formation of the Ukrainian orthography, in particular, the part devoted to the orthography of foreign tokens and made it possible to explain the changes in the rules of spelling and pronunciation in diachrony. Linguistic and extralinguistic factors that influenced linguistic evolution are identified and the processes of normalization of borrowed vocabulary taking into account the historical context are highlighted. The views of Ukrainian linguists on the norms of spelling and pronunciation of words of foreign origin are generalized. It was stated that although there are few foreign words (approximately 10 percent), compared to other Ukrainian lexical collections, foreign words have provoked and are causing many discussions among linguists about their mastery of the Ukrainian literary language. After all, the legalization of the language norm, its written reflection and its organization in Ukraine is very difficult, which causes heterogeneity of spelling and pronunciation of words of foreign origin. Transformations in borrowed tokens over a long historical period are traced. A chronological description of all editions of the Ukrainian orthography is made and the most typical changes and establishments in the spelling and pronunciation of foreign words are systematized. It is proved that the lack of clearly formulated and formed rules for spelling borrowed words has led to variable spelling and pronunciation. After all, the phonetic system of the Ukrainian language can not fully reflect the peculiarities of the sound system of a foreign language, which indicates a complex process of stabilization of pronunciation and spelling norms of words of foreign origin in the Ukrainian literary language.
BORROWINGS FROM THE POLISH LANGUAGE IN THE BELARUSIAN SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Liubetskaya K. P.
Published: October 2021

This article examines interaction specifics of the Belarusian and Polish languages in scientific texts at the beginning of the 20th century. On the basis of scientific and educational, popular science texts and lexicographic materials, the characteristics of polonisms, their subject and thematic affiliation, as well as the peculiarities of their formal adaptation on the Belarusian linguistic basis are carried out. The work uses descriptive, contrastive and comparative historical methods, which were useful during the examination of polonisms in Belarusian language. The author establishes the dependence of the interacting nature of contacting languages on various intralingual and external factors, which predetermined the nature of the interlanguage relations of the Belarusian and Polish languages at the beginning of the 20th century. For all the lexical inequality of scientific texts, their linguistic unity was formed due to a common goal – the transmission of scientific information. In general, the analysis showed that when borrowings from the Polish language are used in the texts of Belarusian science, there is no consistency. Accordingly, it can be stated that the influence of the Polish language on the Belarusian scientific language is not characterized by depth, and the language of Belarusian science at the beginning of the 20th century was not oversaturated with polonisms. This was probably facilitated by the tendencies of the Belarusian linguistic and cultural revival, the dominant of which was primarily the orientation towards national identity and, accordingly, the limitation of foreign linguistic influences.
COMMUNICATIVE-PRAGMATIC POTENTIAL OF COMPLEX WORDS OF THE PANDEMIC PERIOD (ON THE MATERIAL OF UKRAINIAN NEWSPAPER TEXTS)
Authors: Popkova O. A.
Published: October 2021

The proposed article focuses on the emergence and renewal of the lexical composition of the modern Ukrainian language during the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, considers the process of emergence of new complex units, the dynamics of their semantics and their acquisition of new meanings; the appearance of new complex words related to the spread of coronavirus disease and its impact on the linguistic situation in modern newspaper discourse identified trends in their activation. The widespread spread of the disease is reflected not only in medicine and all social spheres, but also in the lexical structure of many languages, including Ukrainian. The purpose of our article is to consider the current changes in complex innovations in the Ukrainian newspaper discourse caused by the new social conditions of existence during the pandemic; to study the origin and functioning of the tokens Covid and coronavirus, to analyze the thematic range and the corresponding communicative and pragmatic potential of complex innovations related to the coverage of Covid-19. The object of the study is complex words represented in the texts of modern newspaper discourse during the pandemic of the coronavirus COVID-19. The subject of the study is the communicative and pragmatic features of complex words (based on Ukrainian newspaper texts), the spread of which is associated with the pandemic of the coronavirus COVID-19. It is established that the most common among the complex innovations in the newspaper discourse of this period are the tokens COVID-19, coronavirus, which became a source of widespread creation of new complex words from them. Chronologically, the article covers the period from early 2020 to the first half of 2021.
STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC ASPECTS OF METAPHOR IN THE POETIC DISCOURSE OF PETRO SOROKA
Authors: Shton O. P.
Published: October 2021

The article investigates the metaphorical space of poems collection «Frankincense of Autumn» by Ternopil artist, writer and literary critic Petro Soroka. The research subject is structural and semantic aspects of metaphorical constructions. The aim of the article is to determine structural and semantic features of metaphors in Petro Soroka’s poetic discourse. To achieve this, the author defines and specifies semantic and stylistic types of poetic metaphors; identifies image units structural features in the writer’s work. The analysis is based on descriptive method (selection and systematization of relevant material, observation of linguistic facts, their interpretation and generalization), semantic and stylistic method, contextual-interpretive method and also quantitative technique (to establish a frequency of different groups of metaphors). The study of Petro Soroka’s poetic discourse demonstrates complexity of associations that underlay individual authorial metaphors, and functioning of complex, extended metaphorical structures with authorial intellectualism. Poems present all of the semantic and stylistic types of metaphors. However, the factual material analysis indicates rareness of objectifiment and synesthetic metaphors. 87% of all metaphors are personifications, among which the most frequent are anthropomethaphors (79 %). Other personifications are zoometaphors (7 %), botanometaphors (13.5 %) and chimerometaphors (approximately 0.5 %). High number of anthropometaphors is caused by a person as a central image in Petro Soroka’s artistic world and focusing on feelings, emotions, experiences and inner state in general. Other lexical and phraseological features in the artist’s language world demand further research.