bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-nucleus RNA velocity reveals critical synaptic and cell-cycle dysregulations in neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Adewale Quadri , Khan Ahmed F. , Bennett David A. , Iturria-Medina Yasser
Published: March 2024

Typical differential single-nucleus gene expression (snRNA-seq) analyses in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) provide fixed snapshots of cellular alterations, making the accurate detection of temporal cell changes challenging. To characterize the dynamic cellular and transcriptomic differences in AD neuropathology, we apply the novel concept of RNA velocity to the study of single-nucleus RNA from the cortex of 60 subjects with varied levels of AD pathology. RNA velocity captures the rate of change of gene expression by comparing intronic and exonic sequence counts. We performed differential analyses to find the significant genes driving both cell type-specific RNA velocity and expression differences in AD, extensively compared these two transcriptomic metrics, and clarified their associations with multiple neuropathologic traits. The results were cross-validated in an independent dataset. Comparison of AD pathology-associated RNA velocity with parallel gene expression differences reveals sets of genes and molecular pathways that underlie the dynamic and static regimes of cell type-specific dysregulations underlying the disease. Differential RNA velocity and its linked progressive neuropathology point to significant dysregulations in synaptic organization and cell development across cell types. Notably, most of the genes underlying this synaptic dysregulation showed increased RNA velocity in AD subjects compared to controls. Accelerated cell changes were also observed in the AD subjects, suggesting that the precocious depletion of precursor cell pools might be associated with neurodegeneration. Overall, this study uncovers active molecular drivers of the spatiotemporal alterations in AD and offers novel insights towards gene- and cell-centric therapeutic strategies accounting for dynamic cell perturbations and synaptic disruptions.
IgG from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p)-atopic individuals modulates non-atopic thymic B cell phenotype (alfa-4/beta-7) and cytokine production (IFN-γ, IL-9, and IL-10) with direct membrane interaction
Authors: de-Apoena Reche Daniela Terra , Machado Nicolle Rakanidis , Fagundes Beatriz Oliveira , Bergamasco Isabella Siuffi , de Sousa Thamires Rodrigues , do Nascimento Lais Alves , Cunha Fernando Roberto Machado , de-Oliveira Marilia Garcia , da-Ressureição Sgnotto Fábio , França Carolina Nunes , Victor Jefferson Russo
Published: March 2024

Studies about thymic B cells are scarce in the literature, but it was suggested that they can exert modulatory and regulatory functions on the immune system. Thymic B cells can play some role in regulating the most frequent allergic background worldwide, the atopy induced by the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p). Here, we aimed to evaluate if the polyclonal IgG repertoire produced by Der p-atopic individuals can influence the homing and cytokine profile of human thymic B derived from non-atopic children aged less than seven days. With this purpose, we produced polyclonal IgG formulations and cultivated human thymocytes in their presence. We also assessed IgG subclasses and the direct interaction of IgG with thymic B cell membranes. Our results could demonstrate that Der p-atopic IgG could not reduce the expression of α4β7 homing molecule as observed in response to the other IgG formulations and could reduce the frequency of IFN-γ- and IL-9-producing thymic B cells compared to the mock condition. Der p-atopic IgG could also induce thymic IL-10-producing B cells compared to control conditions. The IgG derived from Der p-atopic individuals failed to diminish the population of IL-13-producing thymic B cells, unlike the reduction observed with other IgG formulations when compared to the mock condition. All IgG formulations had similar levels of IgG subclasses and directly interacted with thymic B cell membranes. Finally, we performed experiments using peripheral non-atopic B cells where IgG effects were not observed. In conclusion, our observation demonstrates that IgG induced in allergic individuals can modulate non-atopic thymic B cells, potentially generating thymic B cells prone to allergy development, which seems to not occur in mature B cells.
Application of machine learning for identification of heterotic groups in sunflower through combined approach of phenotyping, genotyping and protein profiling
Authors: Ibrar Danish , Khan Shahbaz , Raza Mudassar , Nawaz Muhammad , Hasnain Zuhair , Kashif Muhammad , Rais Afroz , Gul Safia , Ahmad Rafiq , Gaafar Abdel-Rhman Z.
Published: March 2024

Application of machine learning in plant breeding is a recent concept, that has to be optimized for precise utilization in the breeding program of high yielding crop plants. Identification and efficient utilization of heterotic grouping pattern aided with machine learning approaches is of utmost importance in hybrid cultivar breeding as it can save time and resources required to breed a new plant hybrid/variety. In the present study, 109 genotypes of sunflower were investigated at morphological, biochemical (SDS-PAGE) and molecular levels (through micro-satellites (SSR) markers) for heterotic grouping. All the three datasets were combined, scaled, and subjected to unsupervised machine learning algorithms, i.e., Hierarchical clustering, K-means clustering and hybrid clustering algorithm (hierarchical + K-means) for assessment of efficiency and resolution power of these algorithms in practical plant breeding for heterotic grouping identification. Following the application of machine learning unsupervised clustering approach, two major groups were identified in the studied sunflower germplasm, and further classification revealed six smaller classes in each major group through hierarchical and hybrid clustering approach. Due to high resolution, obtained in hierarchical clustering, classification achieved through this algorithm was further used for selection of potential parents. One genotype from each smaller group was selected based on the maximum seed yield potential and hybridized in a line  ×  tester mating design producing 36 F1 cross combinations. These F1s along with their parents were studied in open field conditions for validating the efficacy of identified heterotic groups in sunflowers genetic material under study. Data for 11 agronomic and qualitative traits were recorded. These 36 F1 combinations were tested for their combining ability (General/Specific), heterosis, genotypic and phenotypic correlation and path analysis. Results suggested that F1 hybrids performed better for all the traits under investigation than their respective parents. Findings of the study validated the use of machine learning approaches in practical plant breeding; however, more accurate and robust clustering algorithms need to be developed to handle the data noisiness of open field experiments.
Pan-cancer evaluation of regulated cell death to predict overall survival and immune checkpoint inhibitor response
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhu Yongwei , Liu Hongyi , Zhang Yihao , Liu Hongwei , Adegboro Abraham Ayodeji , Dang Ruiyue , Dai Luohuan , Wanggou Siyi , Li Xuejun
Published: March 2024

Regulated cell death (RCD) plays a pivotal role in various biological processes, including development, tissue homeostasis, and immune response. However, a comprehensive assessment of RCD status and its associated features at the pan-cancer level remains unexplored. Furthermore, despite significant advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), only a fraction of cancer patients currently benefit from treatments. Given the emerging evidence linking RCD and ICI efficacy, we hypothesize that the RCD status could serve as a promising biomarker for predicting the ICI response and overall survival (OS) in patients with malignant tumors. We defined the RCD levels as the RCD score, allowing us to delineate the RCD landscape across 30 cancer types, 29 normal tissues in bulk, and 2,573,921 cells from 82 scRNA-Seq datasets. By leveraging large-scale datasets, we aimed to establish the positive association of RCD with immunity and identify the RCD signature. Utilizing 7 machine-learning algorithms and 18 ICI cohorts, we developed an RCD signature (RCD.Sig) for predicting ICI response. Additionally, we employed 101 combinations of 10 machine-learning algorithms to construct a novel RCD survival-related signature (RCD.Sur.Sig) for predicting OS. Furthermore, we obtained CRISPR data to identify potential therapeutic targets. Our study presents an integrative framework for assessing RCD status and reveals a strong connection between RCD status and ICI effectiveness. Moreover, we establish two clinically applicable signatures and identify promising potential therapeutic targets for patients with tumors.
Uncovering microbiomes of the rice phyllosphere using long-read metagenomic sequencing
Authors: Masuda Sachiko , Gan Pamela , Kiguchi Yuya , Anda Mizue , Sasaki Kazuhiro , Shibata Arisa , Iwasaki Wataru , Suda Wataru , Shirasu Ken
Published: March 2024

The plant microbiome is crucial for plant growth, yet many important questions remain, such as the identification of specific bacterial species in plants, their genetic content, and location of these genes on chromosomes or plasmids. To gain insights into the genetic makeup of the rice-phyllosphere, we perform a metagenomic analysis using long-read sequences. Here, 1.8 Gb reads are assembled into 26,067 contigs including 142 circular sequences. Within these contigs, 669 complete 16S rRNA genes are clustered into 166 bacterial species, 121 of which show low identity (<97%) to defined sequences, suggesting novel species. The circular contigs contain novel chromosomes and a megaplasmid, and most of the smaller circular contigs are defined as novel plasmids or bacteriophages. One circular contig represents the complete chromosome of a difficult-to-culture bacterium Candidatus Saccharibacteria. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of long-read-based metagenomics for profiling microbial communities and discovering novel sequences in plant-microbiome studies.
A temporal control on the isotopic compositions of the Antarctic Peninsula arc
Authors: Bastias-Silva Joaquin , Burton-Johnson Alex , Chew David , Riley Teal , Jara Wuidad , Chiaradia Massimo
Published: March 2024

Radiogenic isotopic compositions of arc magmas are a key tool for studying active margin evolution. They have two isotopic end-members: melts formed mostly from juvenile asthenosphere and melts sourced from evolved continental crust/continental lithospheric mantle. Cordilleran-margins are typically more isotopically juvenile near the trench, and conversely, increasingly evolved landward. However, this model has not been tested on the ~1,500 km long Mesozoic-Cenozoic arc of the Antarctic Peninsula. Here we show that while geochemical compositions remain largely constant, radiogenic isotopes become increasingly juvenile with time. Unlike other continental arcs, there is no association between isotopic composition and spatial distribution. This is attributed to: (i) slow subduction of young oceanic lithosphere, resulting in narrowing of the arc and reduced capacity to incorporate continental crust into melts, and (ii) the Cenozoic decrease in convergence rate, which reduced the friction in the slab-overriding plate interface, allowing the arc melts to increasingly source from young juvenile asthenosphere.
Financial professionals and climate experts have diverging perspectives on climate action
Authors: Gsottbauer Elisabeth , Kirchler Michael , König-Kersting Christian
Published: March 2024

To address the climate crisis, it is necessary to transform the economy, with the finance industry taking a central role by implementing sustainable investment policies. This study aims to understand the motivations and preferences of its key players—financial professionals and climate experts. Here we use an incentivized experiment to measure the willingness to forgo payout to curb carbon emissions and a survey to elicit attitudes and beliefs toward the climate crisis. We provide suggestive evidence that financial professionals have a lower willingness to curb carbon emissions, are less concerned about climate change, and are less supportive of carbon taxes compared to climate experts. We report differences in motivations and priorities, with financial professionals emphasizing economic and reputational considerations and climate experts prioritizing ecological and social consequences of the crisis. Our findings highlight the importance of financial incentives and reputational concerns in motivating financial professionals to address the climate crisis. Pre-registration: The study was pre-registered on 14 April 2021. The pre-registration is available on OSF at https://osf.io/7q5du/.
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Wren Stephen A. C. , Szell Patrick M. J.
Published: March 2024

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy (NQR) is a radio frequency–based technique applied to quadrupolar nuclei (spin I ≥ 1) which can be used to extract key information on the structure of pharmaceutical solids. NQR has the benefits of ease of data interpretation, applicability to crystalline and amorphous samples, and offering information on subtle interactions occurring in the structure. Despite its low sensitivity, 14N NQR has found applications in the field of pharmaceuticals to investigate polymorphism, tablet compaction, counterfeits, and crystal structures. In this chapter, we highlight the latest developments in NQR spectroscopy, with an emphasis on its applications to pharmaceutical research.
Magnetic Resonance Methods Applied to the Study and Development of Cell Cultures and Bioreactors for Biopharmaceutical Production
Authors: Grimes Mark I. , Mantle Michael D.
Published: March 2024

The use of therapeutic proteins is growing, with these accounting for half of the best-selling drugs in 2020. In light of this, the development of new analytical methods to ensure product quality in upstream bioprocessing is important, as well as maximising cell culture productivity. For this, the study of both cell cultures themselves and bioreactors is essential. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer advantages over other techniques. One unique advantage is that both techniques do not require the use of optically transparent samples for analysis; this means that potential uses are plenty, with little to no sample preparation required. NMR spectroscopy allows for the study of cell cultures in vivo, from which relevant data can be obtained in real time, as well as other key characteristics of the culture. MRI provides a facile route to the understanding of flow behaviour within operating bioreactors, as well as the ability to see regions of cell growth. In both cases, this information provides valuable insight to continually improve bioprocesses and bioreactors even further.
Applications of MRI to Study Controlled Drug Release Formulations: From Model Formulations Toward the Understanding of Drug Products Behavior
Authors: Kulinowski P. , DoroŻyŃski P.
Published: March 2024

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a flexible, multimodal technique with a plethora of imaging pulse sequences and their possible modifications. The goal of the chapter is to give researchers who work in the field of drug development, manufacturing, and formulation some hints concerning the applicability of MR imaging techniques to solve technological issues. Application of MR imaging (1) can give spatio-temporal characteristics of the controlled release formulations during hydration/dissolution; (2) can help to explain of mechanisms of matrix hydration and drug dissolution; (3) can explain sources of some dissolution profile features (e.g., variability and kinetics), including pharmacopoeial and non pharmacopoeial methods; and (4) can serve as an additional discriminatory test for in vitro dissolution studies. It is confirmed by presented examples of MR imaging applications in pharmaceutical technology—starting from basic studies focused on mechanisms of hydration and drug dissolution from simple model matrix systems to spatio-temporal characteristics of the more complex controlled release formulations, including commercial ones.
Connection of thermodynamics and kinetics in oxidation reactions catalyzed by transition metals and oxides
Authors: Broomhead William Thomas , Chin Ya-Huei (Cathy)
Published: March 2024

This chapter examines the oxidation reactions of alcohols and alkanes on transition metal or metal oxide surfaces. The diverse sets of reactions, including oxidative dehydrogenation, partial oxidation, reforming, and combustion, occur over temperature and oxygen chemical potential ranges spanned over many orders of magnitude, but they share similar active site requirements and mechanistic events—the oxygen chemical potentials dictate the thermodynamically stable states of the surfaces and type of reactive oxygen, on which catalytic turnovers occur via the general cycles of reductant and oxidant activation, kinetically coupled together. The chapter begins with an exploration on the thermodynamics of a bulk metal–O2 system and its application as a first approximation on the oxide phase and oxygen storage capacity, as well as the driving force in oxide redox reactions, the latter being graphically captured in an Ellingham diagram. Aside from bulk properties, the thermochemical properties of individual lattice oxygen atoms in dispersed metal oxides, such as their vacancy formation enthalpies, are expected to depend on their local coordination sphere. Through case studies, the chapter explores the general mechanistic trends, especially how the thermochemical properties of the reactive oxygen atoms, either as chemisorbed oxygen or lattice oxygen, mediate the catalytic conversion of alcohols and alkanes, through altering the active site structures and/or the character and activation free energy of the kinetically relevant C–H bond scission transition states.
Tracking moisture contents in the pollution layer on a composite insulator surface using hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors: Xia Changjie , Ren Ming , Liu Runyu , Tian Zhili , Song Meiyan , Dong Ming , Zhang Tao , Miao Jin
Published: March 2024

The application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology enables the construction of a visualization model for monitoring the dynamic moisture content (MC) in pollution layers under a high voltage field.
Ag–In–Zn–S alloyed nanocrystals as photocatalysts of controlled light-mediated radical polymerization
Authors: Kowalik Patrycja , Bujak Piotr , Penkala Mateusz , Iuliano Anna , Wielgus Ireneusz , Peret Karolina , Pron Adam
Published: March 2024

Cadmium-free quaternary Ag–In–Zn–S nanocrystals were applied as photocatalysts for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP).
Theoretical structural and spectroscopic characterization of peroxyacetic acid (CH3–CO–OOH): study of the far infrared region
Authors: Brahem Sinda , Missaoui Dorsaf , Yazidi Ounaies , Najar Faouzi , Senent María Luisa
Published: March 2024

Peroxyacetic acid, a non-rigid oxygenated organic molecule which acts in the atmosphere as a reservoir of HOX and ROX radicals, is studied using highly correlated ab initio methods with the aim of its spectroscopic characterization in the gas phase.
Microstructures of layered Ni-rich cathodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lu Jingyu , Xu Chao , Dose Wesley , Dey Sunita , Wang Xihao , Wu Yehui , Li Deping , Ci Lijie
Published: March 2024

The microstructural degradation, stabilization, and characterization of layered Ni-rich cathodes for Li-ion batteries are comprehensively reviewed in this paper.
Structure and morphology of red pigments based on sepiolite
Authors: Carrillo I. , Atanes-Sánchez E. , Fernández-Martínez F.
Published: March 2024

Sulfur-based red pigments were prepared through the thermal treatment of sepiolite with S and Na2S·xH2O. Samples with [S/Na2S] = 0.5 and 1 molar ratios exhibited red colour due to the presence of [Sx/2]˙− chromophore groups, particularly S4 species.
Copper-catalysed electrophilic carboamination of terminal alkynes with benzyne looked at through the computational lens
Authors: Tobisch Sven
Published: March 2024

An in-depth mechanistic probe of the Cu-catalysed electrophilic carboamination of terminal alkynes with benzyne and an hydroxylamine ester provided a computationally verified mechanistic view, thus enabling further rational catalyst improvement.
Vascularized tissue on mesh-assisted platform (VT-MAP): a novel approach for diverse organoid size culture and tailored cancer drug response analysis
Authors: Lee Jungseub , Jung Sangmin , Hong Hye Kyoung , Jo Hyeonsu , Rhee Stephen , Jeong Ye-Lin , Ko Jihoon , Cho Yong Beom , Jeon Noo Li
Published: March 2024

VT-MAP, a novel in vitro platform, offers better physiological reflection through the vascularized organoid. This advancement supports drug assessment with deeper insights into cancer biology through correlation between morphology and drug effects.
Demonstration of tritium adsorption on graphene
Authors: Zeller Genrich , Díaz Barrero Desedea , Wiesen Paul , Niemes Simon , Tuchscherer Nancy , Aker Max , Leonhardt Artus M. W. , Demand Jannik , Valerius Kathrin , Bornschein Beate , Schlösser Magnus , Telle Helmut H.
Published: March 2024

Graphene on a SiO2 (90 nm)/Si (550 μm) substrate is tritiated via self-radiolysis of tritium gas. The T-atoms generated by the β-decay of molecular T2 lose their excess energy by collisions so that they can form sp3 C–T bonds, generating T-graphene.
Caged gold nanostars: a novel plasmonic nanoplatform with potential theranostic applications
Authors: Canning Aidan J. , Vo-Dinh Tuan
Published: March 2024

Here we introduce caged gold nanostars, a novel nanoplasmonic platform that integrates the tunable optical properties of gold nanostars with hollow, loadable core–shell structures.
Bifunctional Au–Sn-SiO2 catalysts promote the direct upgrading of glycerol to methyl lactate
Authors: Van der Verren Margot , Corrias Anna , Vykoukal Vit , Styskalik Ales , Aprile Carmela , Debecker Damien P.
Published: March 2024

Direct preparation of bifunctional catalysts featuring both dispersed Au nanoparticles and inserted Sn species, to catalyze effectively the cascade reaction of glycerol to methyl lactate; active site proximity ensures rapid substrate channeling and boosts selectivity and yield.
Pure elongation flow of an electrorheological fluid: insights on wall slip from electrorheology
Authors: Chaudhary Ishu , Kaushal Manish
Published: March 2024

We study the pure elongation flow behavior of an electrorheological fluid as a model soft-jammed system, wherein the extent of jamming is controlled by an externally applied electric-field. Additionally, this study offers general insight into how jamming affects slip dynamics.
Foldable chromium vanadate cathodes for high-performance aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Shi Peiqi , Huang Meng , Cui Lianmeng , Zhang Bomian , Zhang Lei , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang
Published: March 2024

A novel cathode material, CrV2.7O4.36·2.85H2O/CNT-rGO, composited with a CNT and rGO framework was developed. The flexible battery assembled with it still has stable electrochemical performance under different folding states.
Importance of DNA nanotechnology for DNA methyltransferases in biosensing assays
Authors: Huang Yuqi , Zhao Zixin , Yi Gang , Zhang Mingjun
Published: March 2024

We explore how DNA assembly, including 2D techniques, as well as 3D structures, enhances DNA methyltransferases detection. We highlight the benefits of these DNA nanostructure-based biosensing technologies for clinical use and examine the challenges of standardizing these methods.
Spatially resolved quantification of oxygen consumption rate in ex vivo lymph node slices
Authors: Anbaei Parastoo , Stevens Marissa G. , Ball Alexander G. , Bullock Timothy N. J. , Pompano Rebecca R.
Published: March 2024

A spatially resolved optical method was developed to measure oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in ex vivo tissue slices. This method revealed regional OCR variations and is a valuable tool for exploring tissue hypoxia dynamics and immune cell activity.
Optical tracking of the heterogeneous solvent diffusion dynamics and swelling kinetics of single polymer microspheres
Authors: Zhang Xia , Zhao Long , Gao Jia , Wang Wei , Wang Hui
Published: March 2024

The upper is a schematic of the swelling kinetics of a single representative PMMA microsphere in solvent at different reaction time nodes. The bottom shows the corresponding optical tracking of the extraction process of edge changes during the swelling of a single PMMA particle.
Maintenance-free antifouling polymeric membrane potentiometric sensors based on self-polishing coatings
Authors: Wang Xinyao , Liu Tonghao , Liang Rongning , Qin Wei
Published: March 2024

For the first time, a novel strategy for fabrication of maintenance-free and contamination-free polymeric membrane potentiometric sensors is proposed.
Photo-induced tungsten-catalyzed cascade synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-1,3-dicarboxylate and its reaction mechanism
Authors: Wen Yongshun , Jin Hong-Xian , Qiu Yan-Hua , Zong Yingtong , Luo Wenjun , Chen Zhengwang , Yu Daohong
Published: March 2024

Tungsten-catalysed [3+2]-cycloaddition aromatization was developed. Mechanistic experiments revealed that the formation of an ion-pair intermediate is crucial for the cascade process. The cycloadduct acid was confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
Magnetostrictive-piezocatalytic CoFe2O4@UiO-66 nanohybrid and its potential for deep-seated tumor treatment
Authors: Yu Qian , Li Meiyu , Zhang Jiaojiao , Liu Hong , Zhang Long , Li Shun , Ge Dengfeng , Zhang Jianming
Published: March 2024

Driven by an AC-magnetic field, the CoFe2O4@UiO-66 nanohybrids with magnetostrictive-piezoelectric property showcase bright potential to efficiently kill cancer cells buried in thick tissues.
Coronenes with push–pull geometries from macrocycle-forming Perkin condensations
Authors: Soliman Luc , Ramassamy Elsa , Dujarric Katia , Naulet Guillaume , Dechambenoit Pierre , Bock Harald , Durola Fabien
Published: March 2024

The condensation of bifunctional phenanthrene with bifunctional benzene by Perkin reaction gives 1+1 conjugated macrocycles that can be photoplanarised to substituted coronenes.
A highly conductive and robust micrometre-sized SiO anode enabled by an in situ grown CNT network with a safe petroleum ether carbon source
Authors: Duan Xiaobo , Yu Jiaao , Liu Yancai , Lan Yanqiang , Zhou Jian , Lu Birou , Zan Lina , Fan Zimin , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2024

Inspired by the steel bars and gravel in concrete, an in situ grown carbon nanotube network was formed by CVD on micrometer-sized SiO. It makes the electrode structure more robust and reduces the electrode damage caused by volume expansion.
The physico-geometrical reaction pathway and kinetics of multistep thermal dehydration of calcium chloride dihydrate in a dry nitrogen stream
Authors: Kato Kazuki , Koga Nobuyoshi
Published: March 2024

Multistep thermal dehydration behavior of inorganic hydrates is regulated by the thermodynamic phase relationship between hydrates and the physico-geometrical kinetic constraints of the component reactions.
Reaction rate and thermal effects of hydrogen peroxide decomposition in microfluidic chips containing channel-type silver catalysts
Authors: Yang Yong , Ye Yinghua , Zhu Peng , Zhang Wei , Shen Ruiqi
Published: March 2024

A test device for the reaction performance of hydrogen peroxide reaction solution for catalytic decomposition in a microchannel silver catalytic bed.
Nonionic polymer and amino acid-assisted synthesis of ZSM-5 nanocrystals and their catalytic application in the alkylation of 2-methylnaphthalene
Authors: Zhan Junling , Wang Ying , He Tengfei , Sheng Luyang , Wu Banghao , Liu Qun , Jia Mingjun , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2024

ZSM-5 nanocrystals were synthesized by introducing l-lysine and polyvinylpyrrolidone, via a temperature-varying two-step crystallization method, which may have potential application in the catalytic alkylation of 2-methylnaphthalene with methanol.
A bioactive calcium silicate nanowire-containing hydrogel for organoid formation and functionalization
Authors: Ma Wenping , Zheng Yi , Yang Guangzhen , Zhang Hongjian , Lu Mingxia , Ma Hongshi , Wu Chengtie , Lu Hongxu
Published: March 2024

An optimized CS/GelMA composite hydrogel is designed for organoid development, which can be used as a substrate for supporting intestinal and liver organoid formation and functionalization.
Grinding and the anisotropic environment: influences on the diastereoselective formation of Group 15 allyl complexes
Authors: Wenger Lauren E. , Hanusa Timothy P.
Published: March 2024

Layered solids (AsI3, SbCl3) can serve as templates for diastereomer formation, and mechanochemical variables can shift their ratios.
Photoluminescence quantum yield of carbon dots: emission due to multiple centers versus excitonic emission
Authors: Dimitriev Oleg , Kysil Dmytro , Zaderko Alexander , Isaieva Oksana , Vasin Andrii , Piryatinski Yuri , Fahlman Mats , Nazarov Alexei
Published: March 2024

Photoluminescence quantum yield and solvatochromism of carbon dots greatly depend on their emission mechanism, either excitonic non-tunable with single-exponent decay or clustering-triggered tunable emission with multi-exponent decay.
Crystallization-induced emission from F-doped carbon dots
Authors: Guo Tingxuan , Yang Gaixia , Li Yan , Liu Can , Yang Fulin , Hou Defa , Sun Hao , Zheng Yunwu , Lin Xu , Liu Lanxiang
Published: March 2024

Herein, F-doped CDs with bright red SSF were synthesized by a solvothermal method using trifluoroethanol as the solvent and m-hydroxybenzaldehyde as the carbon source.
Layered titanium phosphate nanosheets with water in salt electrolyte toward high-voltage aqueous full lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Runduo , Deng Wenjun , Li Chang , Zhou Yi , Zhu Jinlin , Huang Chao , Xu Yushuang , Zou Wenxia , Li Rui
Published: March 2024

A high voltage aqueous full lithium-ion battery using novel Ti(HPO4)2·H2O as the anode material with excellent stability.
The fabrication of stretchable dual network P(HEMA-AM)/gelatin hydrogels as potential delivery carriers
Authors: Xu Ziqi , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Jiajun , Li Wen , Wang Fang
Published: March 2024

Self-adhesive and self-healing drug loaded P(HEMA-AM)/Gel hydrogels with dual networks were facilely fabricated via crosslinking with dynamic hydrogen bonds and metal–ligand interactions.
Sn-induced electronic structure engineering of NiFe LDH for stable and efficient oxygen evolution reaction and urea oxidation reaction
Authors: Zhang Xiaohe , Wu Xiaoqing , Du Xiaoqiang
Published: March 2024

It was found that the Sn-NiFe LDH/NF material exhibited superior oxygen evolution (overpotential of 260 mV@10 mA cm−2) and urea oxidation (potential of 1.35 V@10 mA cm−2) properties.
Boosting oxygen evolution reaction rates with mesoporous Fe-doped MoCo-phosphide nanosheets
Authors: Helal Gouda , Xu Zhenhang , Zuo Wei , Yu Yueying , Liu Jinyan , Su Hongping , Xu Jianxin , Li Houbin , Cheng Gongzhen , Zhao Pingping
Published: March 2024

In this study, we explord the catalytic activity of MoCoFephosphide nanosheets as highly active and stable catalysts for OER. Electrochemical analysis exhibits a low overpotential of 250 mV in (1 M KOH), achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a low Tafel slope of 43.38 mV dec−2.
Nonlinear optical and spectroscopic properties, thermal analysis, and hemolytic capacity evaluation of quinoline-1,3-benzodioxole chalcone
Authors: Polo-Cuadrado Efraín , Osorio Edison , Acosta-Quiroga Karen , Camargo-Ayala Paola Andrea , Brito Iván , Rodriguez Jany , Alderete Joel B. , Forero-Doria Oscar , Blanco-Acuña Edgard Fabián , Gutiérrez Margarita
Published: March 2024

This article details the synthesis, full characterization, optical properties, theoretical analysis, evaluation of nonlinear optical properties (NLO), and determination of the hemolytic capacity of quinoline-1,3-benzodioxole chalcone(5).
Mechanisms of manipulating valley splitting in MoTe2/MnS2 van der Waals heterostructure by electric field and strains
Authors: Liang Xiao , Liu Yiqun , Zhong Tianjun , Yang Ting , Li Jie , Luo Li , Dong Gao , Chen Yanhong , Luo Xuelian , Tang Tingting , Bi Lei
Published: March 2024

The valley splitting increases (decreases) with the increasing induced magnetic moments in MoTe2/MnS2 heterostructure by applying electric field (biaxial strains). The dominating mechanism is the competition of interlayer MPE and SOC of MoTe2.
Synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of nickel hydroxide nanosheets with phase transition to nickel oxide
Authors: Lee Minjeong , Jang Yeongeun , Yoon Gayoung , Lee Seonghwa , Ryu Gyeong Hee
Published: March 2024

Nickel hydroxide nanosheets are perfectly synthesized, are 3–6 nm thin and exhibit a curly and wrinkled morphology with increasing surfactant concentration. They demonstrate OER activity and are transformed into nickel oxides via heat treatment.
Counter-anion size engineering in polyfluorene-based cathode interlayers to enhance thickness independence
Authors: Bae Yurim , Kim Jeongsu , Park Sang Ah , Lim Haeryang , Lee Dae Hwan , Park Taiho , Choi Yelim
Published: March 2024

We synthesized a novel cathode interlayer material by replacing a Br anion with a TFSI anion. The increased anion size hindered the intermolecular interaction, allowing for the suppression of self-aggregation even on thick films.
Low-hysteresis and highly linear sensors based on environmentally stable, adhesive, and antibacterial hydrogels
Authors: Wei Chengmeng , Wang Yao , Liang Yongjie , Wu Jiaming , Li Feng , Luo Qiuxia , Lu Yewei , Liu Cuiwen , Zhang Ru , Lu Zhenpin , Xu Baiping , Qing Ning , Tang Liuyan
Published: March 2024

Ionic hydrogels (PVA-PA-E/M hydrogels) with high adhesive strength, good environmental stability, excellent antibacterial properties, and high conductivity. The hydrogel-based strain sensor exhibited low hysteresis and high linearity simultaneously.
Machine-learning assisted high-throughput discovery of solid-state electrolytes for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Xingyu , Wang Zhenbin , Yang Ji-Hui , Gong Xin-Gao
Published: March 2024

The integration of machine learning with high-throughput computation accelerates the precise prediction of novel battery materials.
Push–pull–pull interactions of 2D imide–imine-based covalent organic framework to promote charge separation in photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Mekhemer Islam M. A. , Elsenety Mohamed M. , Elewa Ahmed M. , Huynh Khanh Do Gia , Samy Maha Mohamed , Mohamed Mohamed Gamal , Dorrah Dalia M. , Hoang Dung Chau Kim , Musa Ahmed Fouad , Kuo Shiao-Wei , Chou Ho-Hsiu
Published: March 2024

This study demonstrated the synthesis of imide–imine based COFs, boosting the electrical conductivity in the network due to the presence of dual electron-acceptor centers. This makes them efficient for light-induced hydrogen evolution reactions.
Helical columnar phase of mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal polymers for efficient circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Liu Zui , Deng Fengyu , Fan Chunyan , Yuan Yongjie , Zhang Hailiang
Published: March 2024

A copolymerization strategy for preparing mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal polymers with stable and good circularly polarized luminescence was developed in this paper.
Compatibility of termination mechanisms in bacterial transcription with inference on eukaryotic models
Authors: Song Eunho , Han Sun , Hohng Sungchul , Kang Changwon
Published: March 2024

Transcription termination has evolved to proceed through diverse mechanisms. For several classes of terminators, multiple models have been debatably proposed. Recent single-molecule studies on bacterial terminators have resolved several long-standing controversies. First, termination mode or outcome is twofold rather than single. RNA is released alone before DNA or together with DNA from RNA polymerase (RNAP), i.e. with RNA release for termination, RNAP retains on or dissociates off DNA, respectively. The concomitant release, described in textbooks, results in one-step decomposition of transcription complexes, and this ‘decomposing termination’ prevails at ρ factor-dependent terminators. Contrastingly, the sequential release was recently discovered abundantly from RNA hairpin-dependent intrinsic terminations. RNA-only release allows RNAP to diffuse on DNA in both directions and recycle for reinitiation. This ‘recycling termination’ enables one-dimensional reinitiation, which would be more expeditious than three-dimensional reinitiation by RNAP dissociated at decomposing termination. Second, while both recycling and decomposing terminations occur at a hairpin-dependent terminator, four termination mechanisms compatibly operate at a ρ-dependent terminator with ρ in alternative modes and even intrinsically without ρ. RNA-bound catch-up ρ mediates recycling termination first and decomposing termination later, while RNAP-prebound stand-by ρ invokes only decomposing termination slowly. Without ρ, decomposing termination occurs slightly and sluggishly. These four mechanisms operate on distinct timescales, providing orderly fail-safes. The stand-by mechanism is benefited by terminational pause prolongation and modulated by accompanying riboswitches more greatly than the catch-up mechanisms. Conclusively, any mechanism alone is insufficient to perfect termination, and multiple mechanisms operate compatibly to achieve maximum possible efficiency under separate controls.
Dynamic estimation method for pulsar periods based on photon energy distribution folding and image template matching
Authors: Xie T. H. , Ma X. , Zhang W. J. , Li J. R. , Wang S. T. , Yang Z. N. , Cui P. L. , Ning X. L. , Fang J. C.
Published: March 2024

Aims. The accuracy of the pulsar period estimation directly affects the restoration effect of the signal profile. A more accurate pulsar profile will help improve the accuracy of pulsar delay estimation and thereby improve the performance of X-ray pulsar navigation. This paper proposes a pulsar period estimation method based on photon energy distribution folding and image template matching (PETM).

Methods. This method uses the probability distribution information of photon energy for weighted epoch folding. The one-dimensional (1D) profile information was converted into two-dimensional (2D) image information through reverse space-filling curve (SFC) encoding. Then, a feature matching was performed between the target structure and the template structure. At the same time, the criterion of Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to quantitatively evaluate the matching effect to estimate the optimal period.

Results. The simulation results show that the period estimation accuracy of the PETM method is significantly improved, as compared with the traditional χ2-test method. This work also analyzes the folding effect based on the photon energy distribution model and conducts simulation experiments and comparisons on influencing factors, such as noise interference and data quality. At the same time, we also specifically demonstrated the effectiveness of the PETM method for the glitch phenomenon (i.e., a sudden change in period) of pulsar periods. Finally, we also used China’s XPNAV-1 satellite to conduct experiments and analysis of the actual observation data of PSR B0531+21 pulsar within a fixed period of time. The results show that the period estimation accuracy of this method is 4.8190 ns, which is 50.23% higher than the traditional χ2-test method. The method proposed in this article has the advantages of high estimation accuracy, stable estimation performance, strong anti-interference ability, and excellent dynamic period estimation performance. Therefore, it can further improve the navigation performance of X-ray pulsars.
Discovery and timing of ten new millisecond pulsars in the globular cluster Terzan 5
Authors: Padmanabh P. V. , Ransom S. M. , Freire P. C. C. , Ridolfi A. , Taylor J. D. , Choza C. , Clark C. J. , Abbate F. , Bailes M. , Barr E. D. , Buchner S. , Burgay M. , DeCesar M. E. , Chen W. , Corongiu A. , Champion D. J. , Dutta A. , Geyer M. , Hessels J. W. T. , Kramer M. , Possenti A. , Stairs I. H. , Stappers B. W. , Venkatraman Krishnan V. , Vleeschower L. , Zhang L.
Published: March 2024

We report the discovery of ten new pulsars in the globular cluster Terzan 5 as part of the Transients and Pulsars with MeerKAT (TRAPUM) Large Survey Project. We observed Terzan 5 atL-band (856–1712 MHz) with the MeerKAT radio telescope for four hours on two epochs, and performed acceleration searches of 45 out of 288 tied-array beams covering the core of the cluster. We obtained phase-connected timing solutions for all ten discoveries, covering nearly two decades of archival observations from the Green Bank Telescope for all but one. Highlights include PSR J1748−2446ao which is an eccentric (e = 0.32) wide-orbit (orbital periodPb = 57.55 d) system. We were able to measure the rate of advance of periastron (ω̇) for this system allowing us to determine a total mass of 3.17 ± 0.02 M⊙. With a minimum companion mass (Mc) of ∼0.8 M⊙, PSR J1748−2446ao is a candidate double neutron star (DNS) system. If confirmed to be a DNS, it would be the fastest spinning pulsar (P = 2.27 ms) and the longest orbital period measured for any known DNS system. PSR J1748−2446ap has the second highest eccentricity for any recycled pulsar (e ∼ 0.905) and for this system we can measure the total mass (1.997 ± 0.006 M⊙) and estimate the pulsar and companion masses, (1.700−0.045+0.015 M⊙and 0.294−0.014+0.046 M⊙, respectively). PSR J1748−2446ar is an eclipsing redback (minimumMc ∼ 0.34 M⊙) system whose properties confirm it to be the counterpart to a previously published source identified in radio and X-ray imaging. We were also able to detectω̇for PSR J1748−2446au leading to a total mass estimate of 1.82 ± 0.07 M⊙and indicating that the system is likely the result of Case A Roche lobe overflow. With these discoveries, the total number of confirmed pulsars in Terzan 5 is 49, the highest for any globular cluster so far. These discoveries further enhance the rich set of pulsars known in Terzan 5 and provide scope for a deeper understanding of binary stellar evolution, cluster dynamics and ensemble population studies.
Gas inflows from cloud to core scales in G332.83-0.55: Hierarchical hub-filament structures and tide-regulated gravitational collapse
Authors: Zhou J. W. , Dib S. , Juvela M. , Sanhueza P. , Wyrowski F. , Liu T. , Menten K. M.
Published: March 2024

The massive star-forming region G332.83-0.55 contains at least two levels of hub-filament structures. The hub-filament structures may form through the “gravitational focusing” process. High-resolution LAsMA and ALMA observations can directly trace the gas inflows from cloud to core scales. We investigated the effects of shear and tides from the protocluster on the surrounding local dense gas structures. Our results seem to deny the importance of shear and tides from the protocluster. However, for a gas structure, it bears the tidal interactions from all external material, not only the protocluster. To fully consider the tidal interactions, we derived the tide field according to the surface density distribution. Then, we used the average strength of the external tidal field of a structure to measure the total tidal interactions that are exerted on it. For comparison, we also adopted an original pixel-by-pixel computation to estimate the average tidal strength for each structure. Both methods give comparable results. After considering the total tidal interactions, for the scaling relation between the velocity dispersion σ, the effective radius R, and the column density N of all the structures, the slope of the σ − N * R relation changes from 0.20 ± 0.04 to 0.52 ± 0.03, close to 0.5 of the pure free-fall gravitational collapse, and the correlation also becomes stronger. Thus, the deformation due to the external tides can effectively slow down the pure free-fall gravitational collapse of gas structures. The external tide tries to tear up the structure, but the external pressure on the structure prevents this process. The counterbalance between the external tide and external pressure hinders the free-fall gravitational collapse of the structure, which can also cause the pure free-fall gravitational collapse to be slowed down. These mechanisms can be called “tide-regulated gravitational collapse”.
Influence of estradiol diropionate (EDP) on the body growing birds
Authors: Kholikov A.A. , Kuldoshev G.M. , Alibaev S.K. , Kamolov Z. , Ortikov J.
Published: March 2024

This scientific article outlines results of using the drug estradiol diropionate (EDP), The effect of the drug on the general condition, behavior, appetite, fatness, egg production, growth and development of birds was studied. Changes in all these directions manifest themselves differently depending on the dose and frequency of administration of the drug.
Effect of the use of a probiotic Innoprovet on the growth parameters of broiler chickens (Uzbekistan)
Authors: Nasimov Shuxrat , Mamatova Zamira , Sattorov Jamshid , Safarov Xurshid , Azimova Dilafruz
Published: March 2024

The article was aimed at the effectiveness of using the local probiotic to improve the productivity of broiler chickens. Testing the effect of the drug was carried out on day-old broiler chickens of the cross Ross- 308. 0.5 and 1.5 million of probiotic microorganisms were given with drinking water during the observation period in the first experiment, 100 and 200 million microbic bodies – in the second. The following indicators were taken into account: the safety of the livestock, the live weight of the chickens. According to the results of the experiments, the positive effect of the probiotic (profit 121%) on the productivity of broiler chickens in relation to the chickens of the control group was determined. A priority method of supplying probiotic was established, as well as a possible daily dose of probiotic for broiler chickens (200 million microbial bodies). The safety of the livestock in the groups that received antibiotics and probiotics was 102%, in relation to the control group (1 dead). The probiotic “Innoprovet” prepared by us is effective for increasing the productivity of broiler chickens; it is safe for health and can be used instead of antibiotics in poultry for the prevention of infections.
Studying of the biological characteristics of introduced rare citrus taxa in the humid subtropics of Russia as one of the elements of preserving and increasing plant biodiversity
Authors: Kuleshov Alexander , Kulyan Raisa
Published: March 2024

The study is devoted to the study of the biological characteristics of introduced citrus taxa. The study of the biological characteristics of plants in various soil-climatic zones is of great scientific and practical importance, and is an essential element in preserving and increasing biodiversity by new introduced plant species. As a result of the research, the forms C. maxima ‘Sambokan’, C. × meyeri, C. × limetta ‘Chontipico’ and C. × limonelloides were isolated, which can be recommended for creating plantings in open ground and cultivation structures with uncontrolled conditions in the humid subtropics of Russia. Taxa C. aurantifolia, C. aurantifolia ‘Foro’, C. × limonelloides, C. × meyeri, C. × myrtifolia, C. × latifolia, C. × bergamia, C. × limetta ‘Chontipico’, C. limon ‘Del Brasil’, C. × meyeri, C. medica var. sacrodactylus, distinguished by its decorative qualities, can be recommended as an extension crop in demonstration areas, as well as for the design of winter gardens, terraces and interiors in various rooms.