bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DESENSITIZERS AND THEIR COMBINATIONS WITH ER, CR: YSGG LASER ON DENTIN TUBULES, AND SHEAR BOND STRENGTH TO DENTIN
Authors: BULUT EYÜBOĞLU Güneş , SERİN KALAY Tuğba
Published: March 2022

AIM: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effectiveness of Sodium Fluoride, Propolis and Er,Cr:YSGG laser alone and in combination with laser applications on dentin tubules by SEM and to examine the effects of these applications on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a universal adhesive to dentin.
METHODS: Dentin samples obtained by removing the buccal enamel of 72 caries-free permanent, mandibular third molars were randomly divided into six groups (n:12): Control, Sodium Fluoride (Enamelast, Ultradent), Propolis (Fanus Propolis), Er,Cr:YSGG Laser (Biolase, Waterlase), Enamelast-Er,Cr:YSGG Laser, Propolis-Er,Cr:YSGG Laser. While the agents were applied to the dentin surfaces in the agents alone groups, laser was applied after the agent applications in the combination groups. No application was performed to the control group. After storing the samples in artificial saliva for 14 days, Clearfil Tri-S Bond Universal (Kuraray) and composite resin (Estelite Sigma Quick, Tokuyama) were applied to their surfaces. SBS tests were conducted using the Universal Tensile-Compression Test System (Instron 3382, USA). The tubule plugging efficiencies of the agents were examined on two dentin samples from each group by SEM. One-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) was performed for statistical analysis of the data. For p<0.05, the results were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found in any comparison between all the test groups (p>0.05). In SEM examinations, occluded dentinal tubules were observed more frequently in the groups where the applications were performed in combination with laser, compared to the application of the agents alone. In the propolis group too, the tubules were usually closed, as well as open dentin tubules.
CONCLUSIONS: Although combination applications of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser with Sodium Fluoride and Propolis showed greater dentin tubule plugging efficiency, these applications did not have a negative effect on the SBS of Clearfil Tri-S Bond Universal compared to the control group. The changes caused by the laser application on the dentin surface and the content of adhesive system may have prevented the SBS from being adversely affected.
Relationship Between Operator Experience And In Vitro Microleakage of Different Composite Materials in Class II Restorations
Authors: MURRJA Esin , HERGÜNER SİSO Şeyda , AYDEMİR Merve , ÖZTÜRK Hatice Nihal
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of operator experience on microleakage in class II restorations performing by different restorative materials.
Material and Method: 2 cavities of 4x4x3mm dimensions were carried out on the mesial and distal surfaces of 20 molar teeth by one operator. The teeth were randomly assigned to two groups according to the operator’s skill: student group and expert group. It was divided into subgroups as specialist bulk-fill composite: Group 1A, student bulk-fill composite: Group 2A, specialist micro-hybrid composite: Group 1B, student micro-hybrid composite: Group 2B, Prime bond nt, a total-etch adhesive system, is used in all restorations. Each operator restored the mesial cavities with the bulk technique using a bulk-fill composite (Tetric-N-Ceram-Bulk) and the distal cavities with the layering technique using a micro-hybrid composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE). After 24 hour of water storage and thermocycling the marginal microleage was evaluted using dye penetration technique and data were analyzed.
Results: When the restorative materials were evaluated without considering the applying operator, and when the scores of the operator who applied the restorations were evaluated without considering the restorative materials used, no statistically significant difference was found between them (p>0.05).When the occlusal and gingival leakage scores of Group 2A were evaluated, more gingival leakage was observed than occlusal (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the in-group occlusal and gingival leak scores of the other groups (p>0,05).
Conclusion: There was no difference between the expert and the student in terms of microleakage values.
THE EVALUATION OF Streptococcus Mutans COLONIZATION IN PRIVATE SCHOOL NURSERY-KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN's TOOTHBRUSH AT DIYARBAKIR REGION
Authors: TOPTANCI İsmet Rezani , ÇEKEN TOPTANCI Bircan , ÇELEPKOLU Tahsin , ERTEN BUCAKTEPE Pakize Gamze
Published: March 2022

AIM: Disinfection of the toothbrush is an essential parameter for oral hygiene. As a result, especially children can not clean their toothbrushes sufficiently after brushing their teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accumulation level of Streptococcus mutans colonization at private school nursery-kindergarten children's toothbrushes and evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine solution in four weeks for disinfection.
METHODS: This study was approved by the local ethics committee. Two hundred thirty-four private school nursery-kindergarten children were selected for this study, who's aged between 24-72 months. These selected children for this study did not have any dental, antibiotic, antimycotic treatment in the last three months. Before the study, a survey was conducted about parents' education, employment, the income. A pediatric dentist made an oral examination of these children, dental caries, fillings, and missing teeth were determined. Children were divided into two groups; toothbrushes, toothpaste, and practical solutions distilled water and %0,12 chlorhexidine gluconate solution was given in a bottle for four weeks. In addition, the toothbrushes of children were collected every week. After incubation, Streptococcus mutans colonization was evaluated under stereomicroscope. All the collected data were statistically evaluated.
RESULTS: The DMF-T scores were statistically significant when evaluated with parents' education and income (p<0,05), but there was no statistical relationship between parents' employment and DMF-T scores (p0,05). Streptococcus mutans colony reduction at the Chlorhexidine group was statistically significant (p<0,05).
CONCLUSION: From the first brushing, toothbrushes can be contaminated with bacteria. If the toothbrushes are not clean sufficiently, the bacteria taken from the oral environment have a chance to form a colony on the toothbrushes with the effect of moisture. In addition, Streptococcus Mutans is a bacteria that can stay on toothbrushes and cause re-infection. This study shows that toothbrush disinfection is essential to prevent bacteria from re-infection and contamination of oral flora.
THE EFFECTS OF 3D MODELING ON PLANNING OF MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY: A Preliminary CBCT STUDY
Authors: ULUSOY Ali Canberk , ŞENER Elif , ÖZDEN YÜCE Meltem , ÖZER Mehmet Asım , KARAMAN Anıl , GÖKMEN Figen , BOYACIOĞLU Hayal , GÜNERİ Pelin
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Objectives: The aim is to evaluate the contribution of 3D modeling data to the planning of the maxillofacial surgery and to determine the indications of 3D modeling.
Materials and Methods: In this preliminary study, CBCT images of 2 patients with the Kodak 9000 3D (Kodak Carestream Health, Trophy, France) system were used. The segmentation procedures of the pathologies were performed manually, and was followed by the construction of the 3D models. A questionnaire was prepared by consensus of the research team, including the parameters which are critical in preoperative maxillofacial surgery planning. Five oral and maxillofacial surgeons independently evaluated both the traditional CBCT data and 3D model assisted data under the same viewing conditions. The extent of their decision change was scored using a 2 point Likert scale. Conventional (pre 3D model) versus 3D model assisted data (post 3D model) scores were analyzed. Pair-wise comparisons were completed using Fisher’s exact test (P < 0.05). Kappa was used to measure inter-observer agreement.
Results: In both of the evaluation sessions (pre and post 3D model), operation time, defect size and complication risk factors showed the highest variation for both patients. The difference between the decision change proportions for the variables of pre and post 3D model sessions were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Except 2 observers with excellent agreement for both evaluations (p=0.036), the agreement rates were fair without statistical significance.
Conclusions: The results confirmed that personalized 3D modeling constructed by CBCT data may lead to changes in surgical treatment planning protocol of complex cases.
Staining susceptibility of dental composite resins with various nano-filler technologies
Authors: SACHDEVA Sakshi , DAS Subhashish , MİDDAY Aasadur , THOMAS Manuel , MADHYASTHA Prashanthi
Published: March 2022

Background: Discoloration of dental composite restoration is a common problem that usually results in refurbishing or replacement or even removal of the restoration. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of polished composite resin material with different filler technologies. Methodology: Three composites were studied; Filtek™ Z350 XT (3M, ESPE, St. Paul, USA) [Group-I] that has nano-cluster filler particles, Brilliant EverGlow™ (Coltene/Whaledent® AG, Altstatten, Switzerland) [Group-II] which consists of submicron barium glass fillers and pre-polymerized fillers and Ceram.X® Sphere TEC™ (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) [Group-III] with advanced granulated filler technology composite. Twenty standardized composite discs were prepared with each composite resin, and it was polished with Sof-Lex disks (3M, ESPE, St. Paul, USA). The baseline color was then recorded using a spectrophotometer (X-Rite PANTONE® iPro-2, Michigan). Eight samples from each group were then subdivided and immersed into freshly prepared solutions of turmeric, coffee, and four samples into distilled water for a total period of 3 hours/day for 30 days. Following this, the color was again recorded. Statistical analysis: The change in color (ΔE) was calculated, and the data obtained were subjected to Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney test. Results: A significant difference was seen between the staining characteristics of Group-III and Group-I (p<0.05). The mean color change in the values was highest in Ceram.X that was clinically unacceptable (ΔE>3.3). Conclusion: Though all composites revealed color changes after their immersion into the staining solutions, the amount of stain varied based on their constituents and filler characteristics.
Validation of the association of the cystic duct fibrosis score with surgical difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Moon Hyung Hwan , Jo Ji Hoon , Choi Young Il , Shin Dong Hoon
Published: March 2022

Background: The level of surgical difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy might be predictable based on preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings indicative of cholecystitis severity. Several scales for laparoscopic cholecystectomy have been developed, but most are complex, unverified, and not widely adopted. This study evaluated the association of the cystic duct fibrosis score (range, 0–3) with surgical difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: Between July 2018 and November 2018, 163 laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases were retrospectively reviewed at a single center. Patients’ demographics, preoperative laboratory data, operation time, complications, hospital stay, and cholecystitis severity grade were investigated. We also evaluated the associations of the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 and the Parkland grading scale with the cystic fibrosis score. Results: The cystic duct fibrosis score was associated with preoperative white blood cells (p<0.001), preoperative platelet count (p=0.046), preoperative total bilirubin (p<0.004), preoperative C-reactive protein (p<0.001), operation time (p<0.001), cystic duct ligation time (p=0.002), estimated blood loss (p<0.001), postoperative complication (p=0.004), open conversion (p<0.001), and common bile duct injury (p=0.010). The cystic duct fibrosis score was also correlated with the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 and the Parkland grading scale (p<0.001). The cystic duct ligation time predicted the cystic duct fibrosis score and the Parkland grading scale, but not the Tokyo Guidelines 2018.Conclusion: As a simple indicator of cholecystitis severity, the cystic duct fibrosis score can predict the surgical difficulty and outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Boosting targeted genome editing using the hei-tag
Authors: Thumberger Thomas , Tavhelidse-Suck Tinatini , Gutierrez-Triana Jose Arturo , Cornean Alex , Medert Rebekka , Welz Bettina , Freichel Marc , Wittbrodt Joachim
Published: March 2022

Precise, targeted genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9 is key for basic research and translational approaches in model and non-model systems. While active in all species tested so far, editing efficiencies still leave room for improvement. The bacterial Cas9 needs to be efficiently shuttled into the nucleus as attempted by fusion with nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Additional peptide tags such as FLAG- or myc-tags are usually added for immediate detection or straightforward purification. Immediate activity is usually granted by administration of preassembled protein/RNA complexes. We present the ‘hei-tag (high efficiency-tag)’ which boosts the activity of CRISPR/Cas genome editing tools already when supplied as mRNA. The addition of the hei-tag, a myc-tag coupled to an optimized NLS via a flexible linker, to Cas9 or a C-to-T (cytosine-to-thymine) base editor dramatically enhances the respective targeting efficiency. This results in an increase in bi-allelic editing, yet reduction of allele variance, indicating an immediate activity even at early developmental stages. The hei-tag boost is active in model systems ranging from fish to mammals, including tissue culture applications. The simple addition of the hei-tag allows to instantly upgrade existing and potentially highly adapted systems as well as to establish novel highly efficient tools immediately applicable at the mRNA level.
A video summarization framework based on activity attention modeling using deep features for smart campus surveillance system
Authors: Muhammad Wasim , Ahmed Imran , Ahmad Jamil , Nawaz Muhammad , Alabdulkreem Eatedal , Ghadi Yazeed
Published: March 2022

Like other business domains, digital monitoring has now become an integral part of almost every academic institution. These surveillance systems cover all the routine activities happening on the campus while producing a massive volume of video data. Selection and searching the desired video segment in such a vast video repository is highly time-consuming. Effective video summarization methods are thus needed for fast navigation and retrieval of video content. This paper introduces a keyframe extraction method to summarize academic activities to produce a short representation of the target video while preserving all the essential activities present in the original video. First, we perform fine-grain activity recognition using a realistic Campus Activities Dataset (CAD) by modeling activity attention scores using a deep CNN model. In the second phase, we use the generated attention scores for each activity category to extract significant video frames. Finally, we evaluate the inter-frame similarity index used to reduce the number of redundant frames and extract only the representative keyframes. The proposed framework is tested on different videos, and the experimental results show the performance of the proposed summarization process.
Research progress of aldehyde oxidases in plants
Authors: Wu Jun , Kamanga Blair Moses , Zhang Wenying , Xu Yanhao , Xu Le
Published: March 2022

Plant aldehyde oxidases (AOs) are multi-functional enzymes, and they could oxidize abscisic aldehyde into ABA (abscisic acid) or indole acetaldehyde into IAA (indoleacetic acid) as the last step, respectively. AOs can be divided into four groups based on their biochemical and physiological functions. In this review, we summarized the recent studies about AOs in plants including the motif information, biochemical, and physiological functions. Besides their role in phytohormones biosynthesis and stress response, AOs could also involve in reactive oxygen species homeostasis, aldehyde detoxification and stress tolerance.
Crop damage by vertebrates in Latin America: current knowledge and potential future management directions
Authors: Cuesta Hermira Adrián Alejandro , Michalski Fernanda
Published: March 2022

Background

Crop farming contributes to one of the most extensive land use activities in the world, and cropland areas continue to rise. Many vertebrate species feed on crops, which has caused an increase in human-wildlife conflicts in croplands. Crop-feeding damages the economy of local communities and causes retaliation against the responsible vertebrates in several forms, including lethal practices such as hunting and poisoning. Lethal control may cause the local extirpation of some species, affecting ecological processes and patterns. Therefore, it is necessary to find non-lethal alternatives that can protect both local economies and wildlife. Research has been conducted in Africa and Asia, focusing on elephants and primates, and the effectiveness of some non-lethal alternatives, such as chili-based repellents and beehives, is being investigated. However, there has been very little research on this topic in Central and South America. The goal of this review is to assess the current knowledge on crop damage by vertebrates in Central and South America and indicate future research directions.

Survey methodology

We reviewed the available scientific literature reporting crop damage by vertebrates in Central and South America, and the Caribbean, published between 1980 and 2020, through systematic searches on Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We analyzed the temporal and geographical distributions of the studies, the crops and vertebrate species these studies considered, the crop protection techniques used, and their effectiveness.

Results

We retrieved only 113 studies on crop damage by vertebrates in Latin America, but there was an increasing trend in the number of studies published over time. Most of the studies were conducted in Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, and Costa Rica. Four orders of mammals (Rodentia, Carnivora, Artiodactyla, and Primates) and four orders of birds (Passeriformes, Columbiformes, Psittaciformes, and Anseriformes) were the most common groups of crop-feeding vertebrates. The most prominent crop was corn, which was featured in 49% of the studies. Other notable crops include rice, sorghum, and sugarcane. The most reported method for protecting crops was lethal control through hunting or poisoning. Non-lethal techniques were found to be less prevalent. Less than half of the studies that mentioned the use of protection techniques indicated their effectiveness, and only 10 studies evaluated it by performing scientific experiments and reporting their results.

Conclusions

Central and South America is still underrepresented in research on vertebrate crop-feeding. There is a need for experimentation-based robust research to find crop protection techniques that minimize harm to vertebrates while effectively reducing damage to crops. While this is being studied, habitat loss and fragmentation need to be halted to prevent the native vertebrates from turning to crops for food.
Prevalence and Socio-demographic Determinants of Low Birth Weight NewbornsA Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Singh Ritu , Tayade Surekha , Gangane Neha , Chaudhary Neha
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Birth weight is not only strongly associated with foetal and neonatal mortality but also with stunted growth. Low Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in childhood, obesity and diabetes in adulthood. Despite all measures taken, the prevalence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) is not significantly decreasing in Southeast Asia (from 33% in 2000 to 27 % in 2015 according to United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 2019 data). And added to the surprise in UNICEF data from countries for LBW, from A-Z data, (A-Z data is data of LBW countries whose name starts from letter A to letter Z in alphabetical order) India was not included, because data from India was partial. Aim: To determine whether maternal socio-demographic factors determine LBW in newborns. Materials and Methods: A prospective hospital-based observational study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, M.S, Maharashtra India, among 500 consecutive, consenting pregnant women from December 2017 to November 2019. Socio-demographic parameters and neonate birth weight were recorded. Statistical analysis was done by inferential statistics using Chi-square test and z-test with significance value considered at <0.05. Results: Among the total 500 subjects 162 (32.4%) had LBW and 338 Normal Birth Weight (NBW). By using Chi-square test, statistically significant difference was found in parity, socioeconomic condition, mother’s education, area of residence of both the LBW and NBW groups (χ2 =6.49, p=0.039; χ2 =51.32, p=0.0004; χ2 =12.95, p=0.012; χ2 =5.66, p=0.017), respectively. (significant at p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of LBW babies was 32.4%. Rural areas, low socio-economic condition, education, were significant determinants of LBW. As the parity increases birth weight increases
O CONSTRUCTO TEÓRICO DE REUVEN FEUERSTEIN: ASPECTOS SOBRE A MODIFICABILIDADE COGNITIVA ESTRUTURAL E A EXPERIÊNCIA DE APRENDIZAGEM MEDIADA
Authors: Almeida Willa Nayana Corrêa , Malheiro João Manoel da Silva
Published: March 2022

Esta investigação apresenta alguns aspectos teórico-conceituais das ideias de Reuven Feuerstein, explorando as concepções, definições e características da Modificabilidade Cognitiva Estrutural (MCE) e da Experiência de Aprendizagem Mediada (EAM). Assumimos uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa na perspectiva da pesquisa bibliográfica. A base teórica de Feuerstein consiste na MCE, que se baseia na crença da plasticidade e modificabilidade da cognição, assumindo que a inteligência humana é modificável. Esse conceito depende da EAM, a qual pressupõe a mediação da aprendizagem como sendo um tipo de interação intencional e planejada do professor que age entre as fontes externas de estímulo e o aluno. Assim, a aprendizagem humana é possibilitada por meio da ação de um mediador, que busca provocar modificações cognitivas nos estudantes.
Determinants of Maize Yields among Small-Scale Farmers in Mbinga District, Tanzania
Authors: Utonga Dickson
Published: March 2022

Maize plays a significant role in food security strategies in the world. It is the world’s most important food crop to majority of communities since it provides cheap source of essential calories as compared to other sources of protein foods. It has the potential of being grown in a variety of agro-ecological zones with varied yields per hectare. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the determinants of maize yields among small-scale farmers in Mbinga district, Ruvuma region, Tanzania. This cross-sectional study employed a multistage sampling method to select 120 farmers in the study area. Semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews were used for data collection. The data was analysed by descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis (double-log model). The results indicate that farm size, amount of seed, fertilizer and labour were the significant determinants of maize yields among small-scale farmers in the district. The study recommends that; the government should ensure access to quality and affordable inputs to farmers by employing effective price control mechanisms on fertilisers and improved seeds which are imperative in improving the yields. Farmers should be capacitated on accessing affordable loans through financial inclusion programs and expand market access that can be reliable through the formation of farmers’ associations. Farmers should be exposed to better farming techniques such as the rational application of inputs through effective provision extension services.
Behavioral Response of Some Migratory birds and Gangetic Dolphins to COVID-19 Induced Lockdown: A Case Study in the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary (VGDS), Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
Authors: Choudhary D. N. , Chintapalli B. , Rohitashwa R.
Published: March 2022

Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary (VGDS), Bhagalpur, Bihar is the only protected area in India for the endangered Gangetic Dolphins ( Platanista gangetica gangetica ). Besides, this sanctuary has been an important roosting, nesting and foraging ground for a large number of resident and migratory birds for the last many years. Birds are the Bio-indicators and play a major role to maintain the ecological balance being an important member of the different food chains. The imposition of complete lockdown in the country and abroad in 2020 and 2021 due to COVID-19 like pandemic severely affected the life of a human as well animals both. Many alterations were seen in the environmental parameters such as in the quality of air, water and land due to complete lockdown resulting in unusual and uncommon bevaviors in birds and other wildlife. The present investigation was carried out to study the behavioral responses of some migratory birds and Gangetic Dolphins to CoVID -19 induced lockdown in the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary (VGDS), Bhagalpur, Bihar. Many migratory birds were recorded just after lockdown even in the month of last week of May ( normal departure time is last week of March to the first week of April ) in 2020 and 2021. These birds were showing their prolonged stay in the sanctuary area in comparison to previous years. Detectability of Gangetic Dolphins was also observed significantly higher in comparison to other days. Gharials were sighted in both the years in 2020 and 2021 after a decade or more. All these uncommon behavioral changes as recorded in some migratory birds, Gangetic Dolphins and other aquatic fauna during and just after lockdown may be due to sudden and unexpected changes in the weather and climate or due to less human interferences and complete ban on fishing activity due to complete lockdown in the country and abroad. This study will be useful and informative for the birders, wild lifers and academicians too and may be a part of further research in the future.
Fish Community Structure in River Ossiomo, Niger Delta, Nigeria in Relation to Some Selected Environmental Variables
Authors: Omovoh Gift O. , Arimoro Francis O. , Anyanwale Adesola V. , Egwim Evans C. , Omovoh Blessing O. , Chukwuemeka Victoria I. , Zakari Suleiman , Edegbene Augustine O.
Published: March 2022

In the past decade, it has been reported that water quality of rivers are deteriorating increasingly. In this study we examined the state of River Ossiomo to assess the current health of the river for a period of 24 months from April 2019 to March 2020, then July 2020 to May 2021 in three well marked out stations. The study was to determine the relationship between environmental variables and fish species assemblage in the river. From the results of the physico-chemical variables, the mean values of pollution indicating physico-chemical variables such as sulphate (1.26+0.32mg/l) and total suspended solids (TSS) (5.53+1.89mg/l) were higher in station 2. On the other hand, pH (5.94+0.48), DO (8.64+1.57mg/l), turbidity (7.48+7.63NTU), TDS (29.64+14.65mg/l) and phosphate (0.43+0.31mg/l) mean values were highest in station 1. Conductivity (70.87+26.42µS/cm) and nitrate (0.49+0.34mg/l) mean values were highest in station 3. Further, dissolved oxygen (DO) was higher in station 1, the reference station. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), we performed for the physico-chemical variables revealed that temperature, conductivity, DO, total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, TSS, sulphate, phosphate and nitrate were significantly different among the three stations sampled (P<0.05), while pH, BOD and turbidity were not significant among the three stations sampled (P>0.05). The result of the principal component analysis showed that conductivity was positively associated with station 3, and temperature, TDS and alkalinity were negatively associated with stations 1 and 2. A total of 2,324 fish individuals belonging to 29 taxa were recorded in the entire study period. Station 1 harbours more fish species (1018), followed by station 2 (809), and we recorded the lowest number of fish individuals in station 3 (497). Auchenoglanis occidentalis was the most preponderant fish species probably occasioned by its level of adaptation to prevailing environmental conditions in the study river. The least abundant fish species was Synodontis eupterus.The canonical correspondence analysis we used in visualizing the relationship between fish species and physico-chemical variables showed that fish taxa such as Distichodus brevipinni, Cteropoma kinsleyae, Tilapia zillii, Malapterarus electricus, Mormyrus engystoma, and Synodontis  nigita that were positively associated with pollution indicating physico-chemical variables were suggested as indicators for monitoring riverine health in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. We recommend that more detailed studies should be carried out in River Ossiomo to confirm this result. However, this study serves as a baseline study in the present study area.
Minerals That Make Up the Montmorillonite Group
Authors: Abdikadirovich Khandamov Davron , Rihsiyevna Djumaniyazova Malokhat , Qizi Tursunova Dilnozakhon Isroiljon
Published: March 2022

Clays containing materials of regular structure are the most common inorganic sorbents for water purification in nature. Sorbents belonging to the type of expandable structural stratum minerals include montmorillonite and vermiculite, which form the basis of bentonite clays. Bentonites are clays which compose mainly of minerals belonging to the group of montmorillonite and sometimes called stonesoap. Navbahor alkaline bentonite deposit is located in Navbahr district of Navoi region of Uzbekistan Republic. The current proven reserves of the deposit are more than 7142.6 thousand tons. Montmorillonite is mainly the most effective adsorbent for various compounds and water purification. The surface area of montmorillonite is 450 m2/g, and vermiculite is 450-500 m2/g [1].
Research on Decision-Making of Low-Carbon and Closed-Loop Supply Chain Recovery Model Considering Government Subsidies
Authors: Maoting Jiang
Published: March 2022

Considering the low-carbon and closed-loop supply chain composed of manufacturers and retailers, this paper constructs four game models in which manufacturers non-participate/participate in cooperative recovery under government subsidies. They analyze the impact of government subsidies on wholesale price, retail price, recovery rate and member profit under different recovery situations, and solve the optimal recovery decision and government subsidy decision. The research shows that: (1) the recovery rate is negatively correlated with the wholesale price, and positively correlated with government subsidies, consumers' low-carbon preference and low-carbon level. (2) Government subsidies play a positive role in the recovery decision-making of closed-loop supply chain members. When the government provides the same subsidy price to the recovery subject, manufacturers prefer to entrust retailers for recovery, and manufacturers' participation in cooperative recovery mode is conducive to improving the product recovery rate of closed-loop supply chain. (3) When the government subsidized price is lower, the manufacturer's task sharing and cooperative recovery is more beneficial to its own recovery rate and profit; On the contrary, cost sharing and cooperative recovery are more beneficial to their own recovery rate and profits.
LC-MS, GC-MS and Hematological Profile of Mucuna pruriens Extracts in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Albino Rat
Authors: Chukwu E. C. , Osuocha K. U. , Musa B. , Njoku J. C.
Published: March 2022

Mucuna pruriens also known as velvet beans is an annual climbing shrub that has been claimed traditionally to possess anti anemic potentials.  The present study evaluated bioactive constituents and hematological profile of Mucuna pruriens seed and leaf extracts on alloxan induced diabetic male albino rat using standard analytical method. Result of LC-MS investigation on the seed shows the presence of Hydroxystreptozolin ( Oxazolidene) and Dihydrocapsaicin (Meltoxyphe.nol) while the leaf reveals the presence of four(4) bioactive compound: Furocoumurine acid, Epioxylubianin, Acetyllaustoinid and Quassin. The GC-MS studies on Mucuna pruriens seed indicates the presence of twelve bioactive compound. 2-methyl-z,z-3,13-octadecadienol cis-13-octadecadienoic acid, methylester hexadecanoic acid, methylester pentadecanoic acid, 9,12,octadecadienoic               acid (z, z)-methylester, 11-octadenoic acid, methylester q-octadecenoic acid, Octadecanamide-            N-(2-hydroxyethyl) dodecanamide,N-(2-hydroxyethyl), urea,triethyl-Ethanamine, N, N-dimethyl (phenylmethoxy), 13-Hexyloxacyclotridec carbonitrile,3,5bis[C2dimethylamino]ethylthio, 12-octadecadienoic acid(z, z)-cis-13-octadecenoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoicacid(z,z)-2-hydroxy-1(Hydroxymethyl) ethylester, cyclopentadecanane,2-hydroxy-9,12-octadeadienol,LE, etc while GC-MS analysis of the leaf reveals the presence of twenty bioactive compounds such as Nonyl alcohol, 3-Undecene, 1-Dodecene etc. Findings from this study indicates significant improvement on the hematological indices in treated groups relative to untreated. The restorative hematological efficacy of Mucuna pruriens extract is indicative of its traditional relevance in medicinal and therapeutic applications and hence may justify its local claims as having anti-anemic functionality.
Evaluation the Genetic Variability and Association Analysis of Soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill for Some Physiological Parameters
Authors: Soni Monika , Shrivastava M. K. , Singh Yogendra , Sharma Stuti , K. Amrate Pawan , Banerjee Jhilick
Published: March 2022

The present study was carried out to estimate the important genetic parameters, heritability, genetic advance correlation, and path coefficient analysis in fifty advanced breeding lines of soybean. Randomized Block design (RBD) with three replications was used to design this experiment at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, JNKVV, Jabalpur in 2020. Genotypes were evaluated for eight traits based on important physiological growth parameters such as leaf area index 1 (30 DAS), leaf area index 2 (45 DAS) leaf area index 3 (60 DAS), leaf area duration 1, (30-45 DAS), leaf area duration 2 (45-60 DAS), seed filling duration, harvest index, seed yield per plant. All statistical analysis was done in CRAN R package. ANOVA revealed a sufficient amount of variability was found among soybean genotypes for all traits assessed, which gives an opportunity to plant breeders for the enhancement of these traits. The value of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) is greater than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The high GCV and PCV were observed for leaf Area Index 1, leaf Area Index 3, leaf Area Duration 2, seed filling duration, harvest index and seed yield. High heritability (0.8) coupled with high genetic advance as percentage mean (66.4) were recorded for leaf area index 1 (30 DAS). It indicates that the trait is governed by additive gene action and directional selection for this trait would be more effective for desired genetic improvement. Correlation coefficient study indicated that Leaf area index 1, leaf area duration1 and harvest index showed a significant positive correlation with seed yield. Greater LAI of soybean genotypes would be enabled greater radiation absorption during the seed filling period. Harvest index showed a significant positive direct effect along with a positive correlation with seed yield, which can be considered as suitable selection criteria for the development of high-yielding soybean genotypes.
Impact of Sugar, Sugar Candy, Jaggery and Honey Levels on Physico-chemical Changes of Bourbon Rose Petal Jam at Ambient Storage
Authors: Jat Rajkumar , Mahawer L. N. , Bairwa H. L. , Pilania S. , Tak J. K. , Singh Hari
Published: March 2022

An experiment was carried out at Post Harvest Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur-313001, Rajasthan to analyze the physico-chemical changes during storage at ambient conditions. The bourbon rose petal jam ingredient combinations were studied at monthly intervals up to 90 days at ambient storage for physico-chemical parameters. Quality changes exhibited increasing trends for total soluble solids, acidity, total sugars, reducing sugars, NEB and a* value whereas declined trends were recorded for ascorbic acid, pH, non-reducing sugars, total anthocyanins, total phenolics content, L* and b* value throughout storage period. The bourbon rose petal jam treatment combination T3 - rose petal + sugar (1:1.25w/w) recorded higher level of total soluble solids (75 0B), pH (5.04), total sugars (63.34%), non-reducing sugars (55.10%) with minimum increase in percent titratable acidity (0.10% to 0.19%) and considerably retarded loss of total antocyanins and phenolics content throughout 90 days storage duration. However, reducing sugars (47.69%) was found higher in T6 - rose petal + honey (1:1.25w/w) and ascorbic acid content (13.47 mg 100 g-1) in treatment T2 - rose petal + sugar (1:1w/w) at 90 days of ambient storage. Considering the chemical constituents mentioned above, treatment combination T3 - rose petal + sugar (1:1.25w/w) was found best over rest of the treatments during storage.
Characterization of Vertisols in Semi-arid Tropical Region of Chinnapalem Village of Guntur District in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Raghu R. S. , Prasad P. R. K. , Ramana K. V. , Rao Ch. Sujani , Venkateswarlu B. , Rao V. Srinivasa , Naidu M. V. S.
Published: March 2022

Eight representative pedons were selected from the study area and the soil samples collected from each horizon in these  eight  pedons were analysed for physical properties viz., particle size analysis, soil density, water holding capacity, volume expansion, pore space, COLE and LOI; physico-chemical properties like pH, EC and organic carbon; electro-chemical characteristics such as CEC, exchangeable bases, base saturation and ESP and chemical properties such as available macronutrients (N, P2O5, K2O, and S) and micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn). The Pedons 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 exhibited an increasing trend in clay content with depth. However, no specific trend with depth was observed in the remaining pedons. Physical constants like water holding capacity, loss on ignition and volume expansion followed the trend of clay content. Bulk density showed an increasing trend with depth corresponding to decreasing organic carbon with depth in all the pedons. COLE values not followed any specific trend with depth in any of the pedons. The soils were neutral to moderately alkaline in reaction, non-saline to slightly saline in nature and low to medium in organic carbon. The CEC values were medium to high and exchange complex was dominated by Ca2+ followed by Mg2+, Na+ and K+. Soils were low to medium in available nitrogen, low to high in available phosphorous, high in potassium and deficient to sufficient in available sulphur. However, the soils were sufficient in DTPA extractable Cu, Fe and Mn and deficient to sufficient in DTPA extractable Zn.
The Influence of Finance on the Utilization of Obstetric Services among Woman in Rural Nigeria: A Review
Authors: George Boma Iweriso , Innocent Green Kinikanwo , Wegbom Anthony Ike
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world with greater concentration on rural areas. Underutilisation of obstetric is documented to be the major cause of the increasing high maternal mortality rate. Several factors are noted to influence rural women’s access to the use of obstetric services; however, finance appears to be the most important determinant. Hence, this review aims to explore the influences of finance on the utilisation of obstetric services among rural women in Nigeria.

Methods: We conducted a mixed method systematic review to identify the influence of finance on the utilization of obstetric services in rural Nigeria. Data were retrieved between January 2001 to July 2016 from CINAHL, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, ASSAI and ProQuest.

Results: Although, satisfaction with cost-of-service increases with the utilisation of obstetric services, it was not considered a hindrance to the utilisation of obstetric services. Poverty as a concept underpinned in finance was found to be the major reason women do not utilise obstetric services. However, most of the articles are not of high quality.

Conclusion: Finance influences the utilisation of obstetric services. Then, we recommend increased in empowerment of rural women to improve and secure its financial status. Furthermore, obstetric services should either be made free or at a very minimal cost, to increase obstetric service utilisation, hence reducing the high maternal morbidity and mortality.
Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Yognidra and Antioxidants on Semen Quality in Sub Fertile Male Patients Undergoing IVF Treatment at Wardha Region, India
Authors: Muley Pranjali Parikshit , Gajbe Ujwal L. , Muley Parikshit Ashok
Published: March 2022

Background: There are various reasons of infertility in male which can be managed with pharmacotherapy and psychological methods .Physiological and Psychological factors such as low self esteem, stigma, depression anxiety etc which leads to stress contribute to infertility related causes. Yoga (Asanas, Pranayama and Meditation) shows effects on improving psychological factors but no studies are conducted on yognidra related with male infertility. A comparison between yognidra and antioxidant will be efficient in improving quality of semen and can increase ART success rate and Pregnancy incidence by treating psychological and physiological factor.

Aim and Objectives: To study the effectiveness of yognidra and antioxidant on semen quality in subfertile male patients undergoing IVF cycles.

To sensitize all subfertile males about the study.

To assess the effect of yoganidra in subfertile males.

To assess the effect of antioxidant in subfertile males.

To compare and analyze the semen quality after giving both types of interventions

Methodology: 60 infertile patients visiting Infertility clinic Wardha test tube baby centre ,AVBRH, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha will participate in the study. Consent form will be signed by patient. The patients will be divided in to 2 groups of Group number 1 with (30 subjects) antioxidants and Group number 2 will be given (30 subjects) Yognidra. Comprehensive history of patient will be taken in the prescribed format and external genitalia will be clinically examined at Surgery OPD. Study the semen quality and divide according to WHO criteria .Assessment and comparison of semen quality of both the groups before and after intervention .Data of two groups will be analysed and compared.

Expected Results: The study shows a comparison between yognidra and antioxidant will be efficient in improving quality of semen and can increase ART success rate and Pregnancy incidence by treating psychological and physiological factor.

Conclusion: The current research study will help to understand and explore the utility of yognidra at Infertility clinics and assist practitioner to engage subfertile couples undergoing IVF treatment in the practice of these technique. This study will enhance the quality of support programmes and psychological research. Incorporating psychological intervention provided by yognidra will act as a complementary therapy during infertility treatment.
Computed Tomography Coronary Angiogram; updates Regarding Evidence, Clinical Applications, and Emerging Technologies: A Literature of Review
Authors: Alfawaz Mohammed , Alfawaz Dalal , Alfawaz Fawaz A.
Published: March 2022

Assessing of the coronary artery disease (CAD) especially coronary stenosis by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has shown a classic shift in the last decades. Recent advancements in cardiac CT have improved the quality of image and decreased exposure of patients to radiation. CCTA is a noninvasive technique for visualizing the anatomy of CAD. CCTA, in combination with newer techniques like plaque characterization, physiologic and functional evaluation, leads to accurate diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of any low to intermediate subjects for prevention.

Evidence strongly recommends the use of CCTA all over the stages of CAD, early from detecting of minute subclinical diseases up to the estimation of acute chest pain. Furthermore, CCTA can be used to noninvasively quantify plaque burden and identify high-risk plaque, which can help with diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This is especially important in the evaluation of CAD in immune-driven conditions with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease.

Furthermore, key findings from large cohort trials have contributed to a better understanding of cardiovascular disease risk as a function of overall coronary plaque burden and the morphological appearance of individual plaques. With the introduction of CT-derived fractional flow reserve, an anatomical and functional test will be established within a single modality. Recent research has been published that looks at the short-term impact of CT-derived fractional flow reserve on downstream care and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, machine learning is a concept that is increasingly being applied to diagnostic medicine. Emerging CCTA applications based on hemodynamic indices and plaque characterization may provide personalized risk assessment, influence disease detection, and guide therapy further.

This review provides an update on the evidence, clinical applications, and emerging technologies related to CCTA. We also discuss how CCTA could be used to characterize coronary atherosclerosis, stratify asymptomatic subjects' prognosis, and guide medical therapy.