bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preferences among real estate journals: perceptions vs reality
Authors: Boshoff Douw Gert Brand , Parker David
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the real estate journal ranking by comparing journal performance statistics to researcher preferences.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on a survey of members of the International Real Estate Society and sister societies with comparison to impact statistics for real estate journals which are analysed using data from Google Scholar.

Findings

The findings show a high correlation between researcher preferences and the empirical results, supporting the findings of previous research in this area. However, while most previous studies were conducted on high-impact US journals only, these are still found to be amongst the highest ranked overall even with inclusion of other international journals. There are, however, some differences found, such as the perception of researchers on electronic vs hard copy journals, which were found to be moving more towards the former.

Practical implications

The results provide a ranking of various real estate journals, especially with regard to other international journals not included in the previous studies that are dominated by high-impact US journals, providing a guideline on where to publish. The paper also shows the methodology used in order to determine how the journals are ranked, which could be applied to other journals not included in this study in order for researchers to make informed decisions concerning publication choices.

Originality/value

This paper extends the research on this topic by analysing the preferences and statistics of a broader international sample of journals and compares researcher preferences to empirical analysis.
No carbon “bet hedging” in pine seedlings under prolonged summer drought and elevated CO2
Authors: Bachofen Christoph , Moser Barbara , Hoch Günter , Ghazoul Jaboury , Wohlgemuth Thomas
Published: July 2017

More frequent drought episodes are expected to cause higher mortality in isohydric tree species such as pines, because individuals close their stomata early during drought in order to maintain constant needle water potentials. It has been suggested that trees delay the ensuing carbon starvation by actively storing carbon at the expense of growth (“bet hedging”). Because such a strategy is only adaptive in drought‐prone regions, we hypothesise that the degree of carbon “bet hedging” should differ between ecotypes.

We repeatedly measured the allocation of biomass, starch and soluble sugars to needles, stem and roots in seedlings of nine populations of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra along a gradient from Central Europe to the Mediterranean. During two consecutive growing seasons, seedlings grown from seed were exposed to factorial combinations of 4 months of drought (D1, D2) and ambient/elevated CO2 (aCO2/eCO2).

Drought‐stressed pine seedlings did neither increase starch concentrations, nor change biomass production or experience lower mortality under eCO2 compared to aCO2. By the end of D2, seedlings from drier origin had accumulated more starch but at the same time also more biomass than seedlings from wetter origin.

Surprisingly, seedlings acclimatised to dry conditions after D1 so that mortality dropped to zero and drought effects on needle starch (P. sylvestris) and overall starch (P. nigra), respectively, disappeared after D2.

Synthesis. The absence of a trade‐off between carbon storage (starch) and growth (biomass), and the patterns of mortality observed in seedlings growing under combined drought and eCO2 do not support the theory of carbon “bet hedging” in isohydric Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra. Results suggest that reduced growth and acclimatisation minimised seedling mortality in the second year. Acclimatisation might thus enable pine seedlings to resist a moderate increase in summer drought frequency expected in the future.
‘Homework’ and transnational adoption screening in Spain: the co‐production of home and family
Authors: Leinaweaver Jessaca B. , Marre Diana , Frekko Susan E.
Published: July 2017

We use the transnational adoption screening process as a lens for examining the co‐production of the home and the family in Spain. We propose the term ‘homework’ to describe the efforts of adoption applicants toperforman appropriate home and thus receive approval to adopt. The transnational adoption screening process is a key site of state‐individual interaction for communicating a set of classed, gendered norms. Through that process, participants ratify the authority of professionals to distinguish between adequate and inadequate ways to live. As such, our analysis demonstrates how moral authority is ascribed to material objects, as we document the strong link between ‘appropriate’ housing and growing families as an explanatory factor for the demographic effects of economic crises.
Y‐chromosome and mtDNA variation confirms independent domestications and directional hybridization in South American camelids
Authors: Marín J. C. , Romero K. , Rivera R. , Johnson W. E. , González B. A.
Published: July 2017

Investigations of genetic diversity and domestication in South American camelids (SAC) have relied on autosomal microsatellite and maternally‐inherited mitochondrial data. We present the first integrated analysis of domestic and wild SAC combining male and female sex‐specific markers (male specific Y‐chromosome and female‐specific mtDNA sequence variation) to assess: (i) hypotheses about the origin of domestic camelids, (ii) directionality of introgression among domestic and/or wild taxa as evidence of hybridization and (iii) currently recognized subspecies patterns. Three male‐specific Y‐chromosome markers and control region sequences of mitochondrial DNA are studied here. Although no sequence variation was found inSRYandZFY, there were seven variable sites inDBYgenerating five haplotypes on the Y‐chromosome. The haplotype network showed clear separation between haplogroups of guanaco–llama and vicuña–alpaca, indicating two genetically distinct patrilineages with near absence of shared haplotypes between guanacos and vicuñas. Although we document some examples of directional hybridization, the patterns strongly support the hypothesis that llama (Lama glama) is derived from guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) from vicuña (Vicugna vicugna). Within male guanacos we identified a haplogroup formed by three haplotypes with different geographical distributions, the northernmost of which (Peru and northern Chile) was also observed in llamas, supporting the commonly held hypothesis that llamas were domesticated from the northernmost populations of guanacos (L. g. cacilensis). Southern guanacos shared the other two haplotypes. A second haplogroup, consisting of two haplotypes, was mostly present in vicuñas and alpacas. However, Y‐chromosome variation did not distinguish the two subspecies of vicuñas.
Factors associated with attrition rate in a supportive care service for substance using pregnant women in Brazil
Authors: Avilla Rosa Marina , Surjan Juliana , de Fátima Ratto Padin Maria , Canfield Martha , Laranjeira Ronaldo Ramos , Mitsuhiro SandroSendin
Published: July 2017

Background and Objectives

Retaining substance using women in antenatal care remains a major challenge. This study explored factors associated with attrition rate among women with substance use problems attending a supportive care service during pregnancy and soon after the birth of the infant.

Methods

Records of 166 women's antenatal consultations were analyzed.

Results

Attrition rate was high (75/166, 45.2%), and was associated with women having no schooling/primary schooling only, no family contact, having child(ren), crack‐cocaine use, poly drug use, and substance use problems by the expected child's father.

Discussion and Conclusions

Attrition may be the outcome of socio‐demographic, family, individual, and substance use issues not fully addressed in prenatal interventions.

Scientific Significance

Identification of who are at risk for dropping out affords services with an opportunity to prevent its occurrence. (Am J Addict 2017;26:676–679)
Fetal megacystis: Institutional experience and outcomes
Authors: Taghavi Kiarash , Sharpe Caitlin , Stringer Mark D. , Zuccollo Jane , Marlow Jay
Published: July 2017

Background

Fetal megacystis is a sonographic feature that may be indicative of several underlying pathologies. Despite advances in diagnosis and management, the overall prognosis of affected fetuses remains poor and about 50% of such pregnancies are terminated.

Aims

To define the frequency, management, survival and renal outcomes of fetal megacystis over nine years at Wellington Hospital, New Zealand.

Materials and Methods

A nine‐year retrospective review of fetuses with an antenatal diagnosis of megacystis was undertaken.

Results

Sixteen cases were identified (nine live births, five terminations and two perinatal deaths). This gives an observed frequency of one per 940 fetuses scanned. Two‐thirds of the live births have survived and been followed for a mean of 5.3 years. None have required renal dialysis or transplantation to date.

Conclusions

The current series contributes to our knowledge of fetal megacystis and helps to inform antenatal counselling. Improved prognostic criteria are urgently required to accurately differentiate between fetuses with favourable versus poor outcomes.
The Impact of Corporate Governance Quality on Earnings Management: Evidence from European Companies Cross‐listed in the US
Authors: Bajra Ujkan , Cadez Simon
Published: July 2017

The study reported herein examines the impact of two central corporate governance mechanisms (internal audit function quality and board of directors’ quality) on the incidence of earnings management. Unlike most prior studies in the area, focused mainly on US firms, this study looks at European firms that are cross‐listed in the US and covers a long time span – before and after major changes were implemented in corporate governance policies (Sarbanes‐Oxley Act in the US and the 8th Company Law Directive in the European Union). Using novel and comprehensive measurement approaches for internal audit function quality and board of directors’ quality, we find that both mechanisms have a negative direct effect on the incidence of earnings management, while their interactive effect is positive. A longitudinal analysis of both mechanisms also reveals that internal audit function quality and the quality of boards of directors have increased significantly since the policy changes.
Application of International Financial Reporting Standards in the Transition Economy of Serbia
Authors: Obradović Vladimir , Čupić Milan , Dimitrijević Dragomir
Published: July 2017

This paper explores the attitudes of the preparers of financial statements in the emerging economy of Serbia towards International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Our research shows that preparers are mainly satisfied with the quality of IFRS and the environment for IFRS application in Serbia and that they generally support the process of global convergence of financial reporting standards. Nevertheless, we find that there is a need to improve the environment for IFRS application in Serbia, and we identify areas that financial reporting regulators in emerging economies should address when attempting to improve the environment for IFRS application. Our research also shows that perceived IFRS quality is dependent on the preparer's experience in applying IFRS and his or her perceptions of the environment in which IFRS are applied. Perceived IFRS quality and attitudes towards the compatibility between IFRS and the environment for application of IFRS affect the level of support for the global convergence of financial reporting standards.
Amygdala and hippocampus volumes are differently affected by childhood trauma in patients with bipolar disorders and healthy controls
Authors: Janiri Delfina , Sani Gabriele , Rossi Pietro De , Piras Fabrizio , Iorio Mariangela , Banaj Nerisa , Giuseppin Giulia , Spinazzola Edoardo , Maggiora Matteo , Ambrosi Elisa , Simonetti Alessio , Spalletta Gianfranco
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Volumetric studies on deep gray matter structures in bipolar disorder (BP) have reported contrasting results. Childhood trauma, a relevant environmental stressor for BP, could account for the variability of the results, modulating differences in the amygdala and hippocampus in patients with BP compared with healthy controls (HC). Our study aimed to test this hypothesis.

Methods

We assessed 105 outpatients, diagnosed with bipolar disorder type I (BP‐I) or bipolar disorder type II (BP‐II) according to DSM‐IV‐TR criteria, and 113 HC subjects. History of childhood trauma was obtained using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging was performed on all subjects and volumes of the amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen, and thalamus were measured using FreeSurfer.

Results

Patients with BP showed a global reduction of deep gray matter volumes compared to HCs. However, childhood trauma modulated the impact of the diagnosis specifically on the amygdala and hippocampus. Childhood trauma was associated with bilateral decreased volumes in HCs and increased volumes in patients with BP.

Conclusions

The results suggest that childhood trauma may have a different effect in health and disease on volumes of gray matter in the amygdala and hippocampus, which are brain areas specifically involved in response to stress and emotion processing.
Phenotypical characteristics of postpartum psychosis: A clinical cohort study
Authors: Kamperman Astrid M , Veldman‐Hoek Marian J , Wesseloo Richard , Robertson Blackmore Emma , Bergink Veerle
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Postpartum psychosis (PP) is known for its clear onset but its phenotype has never been clearly described in a cohort. The aim of this study was to describe PP symptomatology, and to identify subgroups of patients based on symptom profiles.

Methods

We prospectively assessed a wide range of symptoms in cases of PP in a cohort of women (N=130) admitted to the Mother‐Baby inpatient unit. Using a person‐centered analytic approach, we distinguished mutually exclusive subgroups of women. Subgroups were related to demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results

The most prevalent symptoms of PP were irritability (73%), abnormal thought content (72%), and anxiety (71%). Suicidal and infanticidal ideation was present in 19% and 8% of patients, respectively. Delusions and hallucinations often had a negative content. Latent class analysis revealed three symptom profiles, a manic (34%), depressive (41%) and atypical (25%) profile, respectively. The manic profile is characterized by manic symptoms and agitation, the depressive profile by depressive and anxiety symptoms, and the atypical profile by disturbance of consciousness and disorientation. In women with a depressive profile, treatment was started 2 weeks later (P=.049), and more often voluntarily, than in manic and atypical women (P=.037).

Conclusions

We distinguished subgroups of PP patients with a manic, depressive, and atypical profile. Disturbance of consciousness, disorientation, and depersonalization/derealization were less prevalent than previously suggested in the literature. Instead, the depressive profile was the most prevalent, but the depressive profile can easily remain undetected, which could lead to treatment delay and risk of suicide/infanticide. Within the manic profile, irritability was highly prevalent and occurred more often than elevated mood.
Nilotinib dose‐optimization in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase: final results from ENESTxtnd
Authors: Hughes Timothy P. , Munhoz Eduardo , Aurelio Salvino Marco , Ong Tee Chuan , Elhaddad Alaa , Shortt Jake , Quach Hang , Pavlovsky Carolina , Louw Vernon J. , Shih Lee‐Yung , Turkina Anna G. , Meillon Luis , Jin Yu , Acharya Sandip , Dalal Darshan , Lipton Jeffrey H.
Published: July 2017

The Evaluating Nilotinib Efficacy and Safety in Clinical Trials–Extending Molecular Responses (ENESTxtnd) study was conducted to evaluate the kinetics of molecular response to nilotinib in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase and the impact of novel dose‐optimization strategies on patient outcomes. The ENESTxtnd protocol allowed nilotinib dose escalation (from 300 to 400 mg twice daily) in the case of suboptimal response or treatment failure as well as dose re‐escalation for patients with nilotinib dose reductions due to adverse events. Among 421 patients enrolled in ENESTxtnd, 70·8% (95% confidence interval, 66·2–75·1%) achieved major molecular response (BCR‐ABL1 ≤ 0·1% on the International Scale) by 12 months (primary endpoint). By 24 months, 81·0% of patients achieved major molecular response, including 63·6% (56 of 88) of those with dose escalations for lack of efficacy and 74·3% (55 of 74) of those with dose reductions due to adverse events (including 43 of 54 patients with successful re‐escalation). The safety profile of nilotinib was consistent with prior studies. The most common non‐haematological adverse events were headache, rash, and nausea; cardiovascular events were reported in 4·5% of patients (grade 3/4, 3·1%). The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01254188).
Adult attachment, hostile conflict, and relationship adjustment among couples facing multiple sclerosis
Authors: Crangle Cassandra J. , Hart Tae L.
Published: July 2017

Objective

Couples facing multiple sclerosis (MS) report significantly elevated rates of relationship distress, yet the effects of attachment have never been examined in this population. We examined whether hostile conflict mediated the dyadic effects of attachment on relationship adjustment in couples facing MS and whether these associations were moderated by gender or role. We also explored whether dyadic adjustment mediated the relationship between attachment and hostile conflict.

Design

The study was cross‐sectional and included 103 couples in which one partner had been diagnosed with MS.

Methods

Participants completed the Experiences in Close Relationships‐Revised, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and Aversive Interactions Scale, as well as demographic variables. We used the actor–partner interdependence model for data analysis.

Results

There were significant actor and partner effects of greater anxious attachment and worse dyadic adjustment. Actor and partner effects of anxious attachment were significantly mediated by greater hostile conflict. Gender significantly moderated the effects between avoidant attachment and dyadic adjustment. The actor effect was significant for males and females; the partner effect was only significant for females. The actor effect for females but not males was significantly mediated by greater hostile conflict. Role was not a significant moderator. Exploratory analyses also showed that dyadic adjustment mediated the relationship between anxious and avoidant attachment and hostile conflict.

Conclusions

Findings highlight the important effects of attachment on relationship adjustment in MS couples. Both hostile conflict and dyadic adjustment appear to be mechanisms through which insecure attachment has a detrimental effect.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Despite higher‐than‐normal rates of marital distress and separation/divorce, the effects of attachment on relationship adjustment among couples facing multiple sclerosis have never been examined. Prior studies within healthy populations have supported within‐person and cross‐dyadic associations between attachment and relationship adjustment; however, they have failed to use dyadic analyses. Hostile conflict has been associated with both insecure attachment and relationship adjustment and therefore may be an important mediator to help understand these relationships.

What does this study add?

Women were more negatively affected by their partner's avoidant attachment then men.

Hostile conflict mediated the effects of anxious attachment on dyadic adjustment for individuals and across dyads.

Hostile conflict accounted for the individual effect of avoidant attachment on dyadic adjustment for women.
Increased matrix stiffness promotes tumor progression of residual hepatocellular carcinoma after insufficient heat treatment
Authors: Zhang Rui , Ma Min , Dong Gang , Yao Rong‐Rong , Li Jing‐Huan , Zheng Qiong‐Dan , Dong Yin‐Ying , Ma Hui , Gao Dong‐Mei , Cui Jie‐Feng , Ren Zheng‐Gang , Chen Rong‐Xin
Published: July 2017

Aggravated behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) will occur after inadequate thermal ablation. However, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we assessed whether the increased matrix stiffness after thermal ablation could promote the progression of residual HCC. Heat‐treated residual HCC cells were cultured on tailorable 3D gel with different matrix stiffness, simulating the changed physical environment after thermal ablation, and then the mechanical alterations of matrix stiffness on cell phenotypes were explored. Increased stiffness was found to significantly promote the proliferation of the heat‐treated residual HCC cells when the cells were cultured on stiffer versus soft supports, which was associated with stiffness‐dependent regulation of ERK phosphorylation. Heat‐exposed HCC cells cultured on stiffer supports showed enhanced motility. More importantly, vitamin K1 reduced stiffness‐dependent residual HCC cell proliferation by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation and suppressed the in vivo tumor growth, which was further enhanced by combining with sorafenib. Increased matrix stiffness promotes the progression of heat‐treated residual HCC cells, proposing a new mechanism of an altered biomechanical environment after thermal ablation accelerates HCC development. Vitamin K1 plus sorafenib can reverse this protumor effect.
Long‐term health outcomes of adults with McCune‐Albright syndrome
Authors: Wong Sze Choong , Zacharin Margaret
Published: July 2017

Context

McCune‐Albright syndrome (MAS) is associated with numerous health problems. Comprehensive long‐term health problems of adults with MAS are less well defined in the literature.

Objective

Our objective is to report comprehensive health outcomes of adults with MAS (>18 years).

Design

Retrospective case note review of 16 adults with MAS managed by one clinician. Results expressed as median (range).

Results

The study included 16 adults (seven males) with MAS. Median current age is 29 years (20, 46). Twelve of 16 had craniofacial fibrous dysplasia with five of 12 (42%) with progressive facial asymmetry. Growth hormone excess was observed in six of 16 (38%) and T3‐toxicosis in five of 16 (31.3%). Six of the seven men (86%) had abnormalities on testicular ultrasound with one man exhibiting marked atrophy of germ and sertoli cells with reduction in spermatogenesis. Six of the 16 (38%) had cardiorespiratory complications including high output cardiac failure (n,3), hypertension (n,2) and one man with congestive cardiac failure and restrictive lung disease. Six of eight (66%) who had screening endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal polyps show increasing numbers of polyps, with benign histology to date. One woman with a previous history of early puberty presented with early aggressive breast carcinoma, which was positive for GNAS. Two patients had GNAS‐positive muscle myomas. Platelet dysfunction with bleeding tendency responsive to platelet transfusion during surgery was seen in four.

Conclusion

A range of complex health problems is encountered in adults with MAS. These have important implications for transition of patients with MAS and adult care. Long‐term cancer risk is currently unknown but requires careful follow‐up.
Children reading spoken words: interactions between vocabulary and orthographic expectancy
Authors: Wegener Signy , Wang Hua‐Chen , de Lissa Peter , Robidoux Serje , Nation Kate , Castles Anne
Published: July 2017

There is an established association between children's oral vocabulary and their word reading but its basis is not well understood. Here, we present evidence from eye movements for a novel mechanism underlying this association. Two groups of 18 Grade 4 children received oral vocabulary training on one set of 16 novel words (e.g., ‘nesh’, ‘coib’), but no training on another set. The words were assigned spellings that were either predictable from phonology (e.g., nesh) or unpredictable (e.g., koyb). These were subsequently shown in print, embedded in sentences. Reading times were shorter for orally familiar than unfamiliar items, and for words with predictable than unpredictable spellings but, importantly, there was an interaction between the two: children demonstrated a larger benefit of oral familiarity for predictable than for unpredictable items. These findings indicate that children form initial orthographic expectations about spoken words before first seeing them in print. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/jvpJwpKMM3E.
Peak alpha frequency is a neural marker of cognitive function across the autism spectrum
Authors: Dickinson Abigail , DiStefano Charlotte , Senturk Damla , Jeste Shafali Spurling
Published: July 2017

Cognitive function varies substantially and serves as a key predictor of outcome and response to intervention in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet we know little about the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie cognitive function in children with ASD. The dynamics of neuronal oscillations in the alpha range (6–12 Hz) are associated with cognition in typical development. Peak alpha frequency is also highly sensitive to developmental changes in neural networks, which underlie cognitive function, and therefore, it holds promise as a developmentally sensitive neural marker of cognitive function in ASD. Here, we measured peak alpha band frequency under a task‐free condition in a heterogeneous sample of children with ASD (N = 59) and age‐matched typically developing (TD) children (N = 38). At a group level, peak alpha frequency was decreased in ASD compared to TD children. Moreover, within the ASD group, peak alpha frequency correlated strongly with non‐verbal cognition. As peak alpha frequency reflects the integrity of neural networks, our results suggest that deviations in network development may underlie cognitive function in individuals with ASD. By shedding light on the neurobiological correlates of cognitive function in ASD, our findings lay the groundwork for considering peak alpha frequency as a useful biomarker of cognitive function within this population which, in turn, will facilitate investigations of early markers of cognitive impairment and predictors of outcome in high risk infants.
Na+/K+‐ATPase coupled to endothelin receptor type B stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration via lactate signalling
Authors: Tu Nguyen H. , Katano Tayo , Matsumura Shinji , Funatsu Nobuo , Pham Vuong Minh , Fujisawa Jun‐ichi , Ito Seiji
Published: July 2017

We have recently demonstrated that endothelin (ET) is functionally coupled to Nax, a Na+ concentration‐sensitive Na+ channel for lactate release via ET receptor type B (ETBR) and is involved in peripheral nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve transection–regeneration mouse model. Nax is known to interact directly with Na+/K+‐ATPase, leading to lactate production in the brain. To investigate the role of Na+/K+‐ATPase in peripheral nerve regeneration, in this study, we applied ouabain, a Na+/K+‐ATPase inhibitor, to the cut site for 4 weeks with an osmotic pump. While functional recovery and nerve reinnervation to the toe started at 5 weeks after axotomy and were completed by 7 weeks, ouabain delayed them by 2 weeks. The delay by ouabain was improved by lactate, and its effect was blocked by α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxy‐cinnamic acid (CIN), a broad monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor. In primary cultures of dorsal root ganglia, neurite outgrowth of neurons and lactate release into the culture medium was inhibited by ouabain. Conversely, lactate enhanced the neurite outgrowth, which was blocked by CIN, but not by AR‐C155858, a MCT1/2‐selective inhibitor. ET‐1 and ET‐3 increased neurite outgrowth of neurons, which was attenuated by an ETBR antagonist, ouabain and 2 protein kinase C inhibitors. Taken together with the finding that ETBR was expressed in Schwann cells, these results demonstrate that ET enhanced neurite outgrowth of neurons mediated by Na+/K+‐ATPase via ETBR in Schwann cells. This study suggests that Na+/K+‐ATPase coupled to the ET‐ETBR system plays a critical role in peripheral nerve regeneration via lactate signalling.
‘As One Does’: Understanding Heidegger's Account of das Man
Authors: McKinney Tucker
Published: July 2017

Abstract: Heidegger describes Dasein as subject to a constant pressure to bring its intentional performances into agreement with those of its peers and thence with a generic description of ‘what one [das Man] does’, called Dasein's conformism. I argue that extant accounts of this pressure, which appeal to the essential social embeddedness of intentional performance, fail to account for both the scope and modal force of the demand to act as one does. I propose that we can better understand the role of das Man in Heidegger's account of intentional agency by exploiting a structural similarity between ‘Dasein’ and the familiar notion of epistemic capacity, or a power of knowledge. The result is an account that locates the source of das Man's authority not in our social nature but in our shared aspiration to ontological understanding.
High cycle fatigue mechanisms of aluminum self‐piercing riveted joints
Authors: Moraes J.F.C. , Rao H.M. , Jordon J.B. , Barkey M.E.
Published: July 2017

A study examining the fatigue failure mechanism of self‐piercing riveted (SPR) joints between aluminum alloy 6111‐T4 and 5754‐O is presented in this paper. In particular, the high‐cycle fatigue behavior of the SPR joints in the lap‐shear configuration is characterized. Experimental fatigue testing revealed that failure of SPR joints occurred because of cracks propagating through the sheet thickness at locations away from the rivet. In‐depth postmortem analysis showed that significant fretting wear occurred at the location of the fatigue crack initiation. Energy dispersive X‐ray of the fretting debris revealed the presence of aluminum oxide that is consistent with fretting initiated fatigue damage. High‐fidelity finite element analysis of the SPR process revealed high surface contact pressure at the location of fretting‐initiated fatigue determined by postmortem analysis of failed coupons. Furthermore, fatigue modeling predictions of the number of cycles to failure based on linear elastic fracture mechanics supports the conclusion that fretting‐initiated fatigue occurred at regions of high surface contact pressure and not at locations of nominal high‐stress concentration at the rivet.
Understanding the effects of topography on skin moisturization measurement via two‐dimensional capacitance imaging
Authors: Crowther J. M.
Published: July 2017

Objective

Methods which assess skin moisturization based on changes in its electrical properties are widely used in both cosmetic and medical research industries. However, the devices themselves often give results which are significantly different to each other. Recently two‐dimensional imaging moisturization systems have become commercially available, which have the capability to provide a more detailed assessment of what is contributing to measured skin moisturization. Presented here is a new in vitro method for preparing textured model test substrates for use with these devices, and results of their use to provide a clearer insight into the devices operation.

Methods

A variety of different textured model test substrates were measured using a commercially available skin moisturization measurement device, the Epsilon. The response of the Epsilon was also tested against conventional skin moisturization devices.

Results

Surface morphology of model test substrates was found to have a significant influence on the measurement of its electrical properties with both the conventional and two‐dimensional skin moisturization measurement devices. Through modification of the areas of the image being assessed for the two‐dimensional moisturization mapping device, the parts of the model test substrate in contact with the device were indentified and analysed separately to areas not in contact with the sensor. This provided a more robust assessment of the electrical properties of substrate itself, rather than being influenced by texture like the conventional skin moisturization measurement devices.

Conclusions

While the two‐dimensional moisturization mapping systems can be used like a conventional electrical skin measurement device giving a simple overall reading of skin moisturization for the test area, their true value over existing electrical measures comes from its ability to isolate the skin itself from areas which are not in contact with the sensor.
Novel amino acid‐based surfactant for silicone emulsification and its application in hair care products: a promising alternative to quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants
Authors: Fujii M. , Inoue M. , Fukami T.
Published: July 2017

Objective

Quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants (ACSs) and N‐[3‐alkyl(12,14)oxy‐2‐hydroxypropyl]‐l‐arginine hydrochloride (N‐AOHPA) were used to emulsify silicone. The potential of the resulting emulsions in hair conditioning products was investigated.

Methods

The emulsions were prepared using a homogenizer and/or high‐pressure homogenizer. ACSs and N‐AOHPA were used as silicone emulsifiers. The stability of the emulsions was evaluated by measuring particle sizes, creaming fractions, polydispersity indexes and zeta potentials. Moreover, the N‐AOHPA‐stabilized emulsion was compared with the ACS‐stabilized emulsion to evaluate the adsorption amount of silicone on healthy and bleached hair surfaces and the inhibitory effects on amino acid dissolution from bleached hair. The adsorption site of the N‐AOHPA‐stabilized emulsion was observed using a scanning electron microscope.

Results

For all surfactants, the silicone emulsions prepared using the high‐pressure homogenizer were more stable than those prepared using the homogenizer. When N‐AOHPA was used as the surfactant, the silicone emulsion was especially stable. Furthermore, the d50 value of the N‐AOHPA‐stabilized emulsion was smaller than that of the ACS‐stabilized emulsion. The adsorption behaviour of the silicone droplets in the different emulsions varied depending on the nature of the surfactant and the preparation method. The amount of ACS‐stabilized silicone adsorbed on healthy hair was higher than that adsorbed on bleached hair, especially when the emulsion was prepared using the homogenizer. In contrast, the amount of N‐AOHPA‐stabilized silicone adsorbed on bleached hair was high, and no differences were observed between the N‐AOHPA‐stabilized emulsions prepared using the homogenizer and high‐pressure homogenizer. The emulsified droplets, especially the N‐AOHPA‐stabilized droplets prepared using the high‐pressure homogenizer, prevented amino acid dissolution from bleached hair. It was concluded that the silicone droplet adsorption site affected the dissolution process because the small N‐AOHPA‐stabilized droplets adsorbed at cuticle edges.

Conclusion

This study shows that N‐AOHPA has good potential for use as an emulsifier in products used for improving the condition of damaged hair.
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) provides survival factors to EBV+ diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) lines and modulates cytokine induced specific chemotaxis in EBV+ DLBCL
Authors: Wu Liang , Ehlin‐Henriksson Barbro , Zhou Xiaoying , Zhu Hong , Ernberg Ingemar , Kis Lorand L. , Klein George
Published: July 2017

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common type of malignant lymphoma, accounts for 30% of adult non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) ‐positive DLBCL of the elderly is a newly recognized subtype that accounts for 8–10% of DLBCLs in Asian countries, but is less common in Western populations. Five DLBCL‐derived cell lines were employed to characterize patterns of EBV latent gene expression, as well as response to cytokines and chemotaxis. Interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐21 modified LMP1, EBNA1 and EBNA2 expression depending on cell phenotype and type of EBV latent programme (type I, II or III). These cytokines also affected CXCR4‐ or CCR7‐mediated chemotaxis in two of the cell lines, Farage (type III) and Val (type II). Further, we investigated the effect of EBV by using dominant‐negative EBV nuclear antigen 1(dnEBNA1) to eliminate EBV genomes. This resulted in decreased chemotaxis. By employing an alternative way to eliminate EBV genomes, Roscovitine, we show an increase of apoptosis in the EBV‐positive lines. These results show that EBV plays an important role in EBV‐positive DLBCL lines with regard to survival and chemotactic response. Our findings provide evidence for the impact of microenvironment on EBV‐carrying DLBCL cells and might have therapeutic implications.
Power struggles within the top management team: An empirical examination of follower reactions to subversive leadership
Authors: Gavin David J. , Gavin Joanne H. , Quick James Campbell
Published: July 2017

This study examined the response of an organization's members to subversive leadership and the undermining of the CEO. When the top‐management team is in conflict, there is a lack of leadership from the highest levels within the organization. The lack of leadership is likely to produce extraordinary stress throughout the firm, and become a health‐risk factor for the organization's members, especially the CEO. After exposure to this undermining, we hypothesize that organizational members will lose trust in the leadership and will have lower job satisfaction, as well a higher intent to leave the organization. The findings indicated that individuals, within the subversive‐leadership environment, have lower job satisfaction and higher intent‐to‐leave the organization. Furthermore, the individual's emotional intelligence level does mediate the relationship between trust in the leadership and job satisfaction, but does not mediate intent‐to‐leave.
Social Expectations and Workplace Challenges: Teaching Artists in Korean Schools
Authors: Paek Kyong‐Mi
Published: July 2017

Social interest in art integration for curriculum enrichment and innovation, particularly at the turn of the century, has promoted extensive institutional partnerships between cultural organisations and public schools in many countries. Stimulated by social demands for innovative educational practices, these institutional partnerships have increased the numbers of teaching artists sent to schools. These artists are expected to contribute to the development of students’ creative imaginations by providing learning opportunities beyond conventional classroom practices. However, the extent to which teaching artists are able to develop creatively within their socially expected roles remains unclear, especially considering the marginal status of the arts in formal education settings. A recent survey‐ and interview‐based study conducted by the present author in South Korea demonstrated that teaching artists in schools find the structured educational system often limits the scope of their classroom practice. This article reviews the teaching artists’ concerns and needs identified in the study context and discusses ways to support their professional development and expand the roles of institutions in improving the quality of their teaching practice. The discussion also examines historical and socio‐political factors that have influenced the persisting challenges of structural issues inherited in the Teaching Artists in Schools Program in South Korea to provide suggestions for more sustainable and instructive collaborations.
The experiences of staff who support people with intellectual disability on issues about death, dying and bereavement: A metasynthesis
Authors: Lord Ailsa J. , Field Stephen , Smith Ian C.
Published: July 2017

Background

Historically, people with intellectual disabilities have tended to be excluded from knowing about death, dying and bereavement. Staff in intellectual disability services can play a valuable role in improving understanding of these issues in those they support. This qualitative metasynthesis aimed to understand the experiences of staff supporting adults with intellectual disabilities with issues of death, dying and bereavement.

Method

Thirteen papers were identified following a systematic review of six databases.

Results

Three themes were developed following a lines‐of‐argument synthesis: (i) talking about death is hard: negotiating the uncertainty in death, dying and bereavement; (ii) the commitment to promoting a “good death”; and (iii) the grief behind the professional mask. “A cautious silence: The taboo of death” was an overarching theme.

Conclusions

A more open culture around issues of death, dying and bereavement in intellectual disability settings is essential and could be promoted through staff training and support.
Stereotype content and social distancing from employees with mental illness: The moderating roles of gender and social dominance orientation
Authors: Follmer Kayla B. , Jones Kisha S.
Published: July 2017

Mental illness is increasingly prevalent among employees, but little is known about how these individuals are perceived at work. Using the stereotype content model as a framework, we investigated warmth and competence stereotypes associated with employees with anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder. Employees with these disorders were perceived to be low in warmth and competence, and stereotypes about individuals with anxiety were relatively more positive than those with depression or bipolar. This study also proposed and tested the extent to which stereotypes predicted work‐related social distancing intentions. We found that two characteristics moderated this relationship: gender and social dominance orientation. We discuss practical and theoretical implications as they pertain to improving the experiences and well‐being of employees with mental illness.
Metformin ameliorates BSCB disruption by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and MMP‐9 expression but not direct TJ proteins expression regulation
Authors: Zhang Di , Tang Qian , Zheng Gang , Wang Chenggui , Zhou Yifei , Wu Yaosen , Xuan Jun , Tian Naifeng , Wang Xiangyang , Wu Yan , Xu Huazi , Zhang Xiaolei
Published: July 2017

Blood‐spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is a major process for the secondary injury of spinal cord injury (SCI) and is considered to be a therapeutic target for SCI. Previously, we demonstrated that metformin could improve functional recovery after SCI; however, the effect of metformin on BSCB is still unknown. In this study, we found that metformin could prevent the loss of tight junction (TJ) proteins at day 3 after SCI in vivo, but in vitro there was no significant difference of these proteins between control and metformin treatment in endothelial cells. This indicated that metformin‐induced BSCB protection might not be mediated by up‐regulating TJ proteins directly, but by inhibiting TJ proteins degradation. Thus, we investigated the role of metformin on MMP‐9 and neutrophils infiltration. Neutrophils infiltration is the major source of the enhanced MMP‐9 in SCI. Our results showed that metformin decreased MMP‐9 production and blocked neutrophils infiltration at day 1 after injury, which might be related to ICAM‐1 down‐regulation. Also, our in vitro study showed that metformin inhibited TNF‐α‐induced MMP‐9 up‐regulation in neutrophils, which might be mediated via an AMPK‐dependent pathway. Together, it illustrated that metformin prevented the breakdown of BSCB by inhibiting neutrophils infiltration and MMP‐9 production, but not by up‐regulating TJ proteins expression. Our study may help to better understand the working mechanism of metformin on SCI.
A positive feedback loop promotes HIF‐1α stability through miR‐210‐mediated suppression of RUNX3 in paraquat‐induced EMT
Authors: Zhu Yong , Wang Jinfeng , Meng Xiaoxiao , Xie Hui , Tan Jiuting , Guo Xinkun , Han Peng , Wang Ruilan
Published: July 2017

Irreversible pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat (PQ) poisoning is the major cause of death in patients with PQ poisoning. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is postulated to be one of the main mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we investigated the role of miR‐210 in PQ‐induced EMT and its relationship with hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). Western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation and other methods were used in this study. We found that miR‐210 expression was significantly increased after PQ poisoning, and it may be regulated by HIF‐1α. Overexpression of miR‐210 further increased the HIF‐1α protein level and promoted EMT. Moreover, miR‐210 knock‐down reduced the HIF‐1α protein level and decreased the degree of EMT. Runt‐related transcription factor‐3 (RUNX3), a direct target of miR‐210, was inhibited by miR‐210 in response to PQ poisoning. RUNX3 increased the hydroxylation ability of prolyl hydroxylase domain‐containing protein 2 (PHD2), a key enzyme that promotes HIF‐1α degradation. PHD2 immunoprecipitated with RUNX3 and its level changed similarly to that of RUNX3. The expression of the HIF‐1α protein was significantly reduced when RUNX3 was overexpressed. HIF‐1α protein levels were markedly increased when RUNX3 was silenced. Based on these results, a positive feedback loop may exist between miR‐210 and HIF‐1α. The mechanism may function through miR‐210‐mediated repression of RUNX3, which further decreases the hydroxylation activity of PHD2, enhances the stability of HIF‐1α, and promotes PQ‐induced EMT, aggravating the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. This study further elucidates the mechanism of PQ‐induced pulmonary fibrosis and may provide a new perspective for the future development of therapies.
2, 3, 7, 8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin promotes endothelial cell apoptosis through activation of EP3/p38MAPK/Bcl‐2 pathway
Authors: Yu Yu , Liu Qian , Guo Shumin , Zhang Qianqian , Tang Juan , Liu Guizhu , Kong Deping , Li Juanjuan , Yan Shuai , Wang Ruiguo , Wang Peilong , Su Xiaoou , Yu Ying
Published: July 2017

Endothelial injury or dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that 2, 3, 7, 8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) exposure increases morbidity and mortality from chronic cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. However, whether or how TCDD exposure causes endothelial injury or dysfunction remains largely unknown. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to different doses of TCDD, and cell apoptosis was examined. We found that TCDD treatment increased caspase 3 activity and apoptosis in HUVECs in a dose‐dependent manner,at doses from 10 to 40 nM. TCDD increased cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX)‐2 expression and its downstream prostaglandin (PG) production (mainly PGE2 and 6‐keto‐PGF1α) in HUVECs. Interestingly, inhibition of COX‐2, but not COX‐1, markedly attenuated TCDD‐triggered apoptosis in HUVECs. Pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing of the PGE2 receptor subtype 3 (EP3) suppressed the augmented apoptosis in TCDD‐treated HUVECs. Activation of the EP3 receptor enhanced p38 MAPK phosphorylation and decreased Bcl‐2 expression following TCDD treatment. Both p38 MAPK suppression and Bcl‐2 overexpression attenuated the apoptosis in TCDD‐treated HUVECs. TCDD increased EP3‐dependent Rho activity and subsequently promoted p38MAPK/Bcl‐2 pathway‐mediated apoptosis in HUVECs. In addition, TCDD promoted apoptosis in vascular endothelium and delayed re‐endothelialization after femoral artery injury in wild‐type (WT) mice, but not in EP3−/− mice. In summary, TCDD promotes endothelial apoptosis through the COX‐2/PGE2/EP3/p38MAPK/Bcl‐2 pathway. Given the cardiovascular hazard of a COX‐2 inhibitor, our findings indicate that the EP3 receptor and its downstream pathways may be potential targets for prevention of TCDD‐associated cardiovascular diseases.