bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of disordered eating in elite male and female soccer players
Authors: Abbott Will , Brett Adam , Brownlee Thomas E. , Hammond Kelly M. , Harper Liam D. , Naughton Robert J. , Anderson Liam , Munson Edward H. , Sharkey Jack V. , Randell Rebecca K. , Clifford Tom
Published: February 2020

Purpose

To examine the prevalence of disordered eating (DE) in elite male and female soccer players and the influence of perfectionism.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional design, elite male (n = 137) and female (n = 70) soccer players and non-athlete controls (n = 179) completed the clinical perfectionism questionnaire (CPQ-12) and the eating attitudes test (EAT-26) to assess perfectionism and DE risk, respectively.

Results

Male soccer players had higher EAT-26 scores than controls (10.4 ± 9.9 vs. 6.8 ± 6.7; P = 0.001), but there were no differences in the prevalence of clinical levels of DE (EAT-26 score ≥ 20) (15 vs. 5%, respectively; X2 = 0.079) The proportion of females with DE risk was higher in controls [EAT-26: 13.9 ± 11.6 (25% of population)] than female players [EAT-26: 10.0 ± 9.0% (11% of population)] (X2 = 0.001). With linear regression, perfectionism explained 20% of the variation in DE risk in males (P = 0.001); in females, athletic status (player vs. control) and perfectionism were significant predictors of DE risk, explaining 21% of the variation (P = 0.001). Male reserve team players had higher EAT-26 (+ 3.5) and perfectionism (+ 2.7) scores than first-team players (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the prevalence of DE risk between the male and female soccer players (X2 = 0.595).

Conclusions

The prevalence of DE risk was not different in elite male and female soccer players; in fact, the prevalence was greatest in non-athlete female controls. Perfectionism is a significant predictor of DE risk in males and females.

Level of evidence

III, case–control study.
Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Mental Healthcare in Canada for Black Youth: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fante-Coleman Tiyondah , Jackson-Best Fatimah
Published: February 2020

There is evidence to suggest that Black children and youth in Canada face disproportionate challenges in accessing mental healthcare. Thus, the objective of this scoping review was to map current literature on the barriers and facilitators to care for Black youth in Canada. Both academic articles and gray literature published between January 2005 until May 2019 were reviewed. Six databases were searched for relevant academic articles: CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Social Science Citation Index, and Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts. Gray literature was sourced from community recommendations and Google. Thirty-three (33) sources met the inclusion criteria. Data were coded and analyzed using a thematic analysis framework. Barriers to care for Black youth were identified and occurred at multiple levels of society including systemic (i.e., wait times, poor access to practitioners, geographical challenges and financial barriers to care), practitioner-related (i.e., racism and discrimination from providers, the inability to provide culturally competent care and a lack of organizational support) and personal and community-related barriers (i.e., internalized stigma and stigma from community). Support from family and friends, as well as a good relationship with providers, were noted as facilitators. The findings of this review suggest that Black children and youth face many barriers to accessing the Canadian mental healthcare system despite its purported universality. An increase in funding, expansion of the universal healthcare system to include mental health, and concerted effort on delivering culturally competent care are requisite to facilitate access to care for this population. Further research should focus on Black youth, be rooted in community-based research, and explore intersecting identities in the context of mental illness.
Thames meets the Enisei: Captain Joseph Wiggins’s expedition to the Kara Sea and Enisei, 1876–1877
Authors: Goncharov Alexander E. , Orel Irina V.
Published: February 2020

In 1876, Captain Joseph Wiggins reached the mouth of the Enisei River aboard his screw schooner Thames. This was the second expedition that approached this river from the sea in almost 150 years. The voyage paved a path for British commercial shipping in the Kara Sea, which saw its greatest intensity in the concluding decade of the 19th century. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Wiggins stubbornly continued staging expeditions even after repeated failures. His devotedness to the idea of establishing a sea highway to Siberia inspired others. This circumstance makes him a key figure in polar history. Regardless of the commercial nature of his expeditions, Wiggins was not an entrepreneur. Neither was he an accomplished polar explorer. In fact, we find in him the last of the merchant adventurers, the heir to Hugh Willoughby and Richard Chancellor. This article focuses on Wiggins’s expedition of 1876–1877 to the Enisei River, which has not yet become an object of special attention in literature, and discusses the development and exploitation of the Kara Sea Route in connection with it.
Increased pupil dilation to happy faces in children with hyperactive/impulsive symptoms of ADHD
Authors: Kleberg Johan Lundin , Frick Matilda A. , Brocki Karin C.
Published: February 2020

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with disrupted emotional processes including impaired regulation of approach behavior and positive affect, irritability, and anger. Enhanced reactivity to emotional cues may be an underlying process. Pupil dilation is an indirect index of arousal, modulated by the autonomic nervous system and activity in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system. In the current study, pupil dilation was recorded while 8- to 12- year old children (n= 71, 26 with a diagnosis of ADHD and 45 typically developing), viewed images of emotional faces. Parent-rated hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were uniquely linked to higher pupil dilation to happy, but not fearful, angry, or neutral faces. This was not explained by comorbid externalizing symptoms. Together, these results suggest that hyperactive/impulsive symptoms are associated with hyperresponsiveness to approach-related emotional cues across a wide range of symptom severity.
Biogeochemical Connectivity Between Freshwater Ecosystems beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and the Sub‐Ice Marine Environment
Authors: Vick‐Majors Trista J. , Michaud Alexander B. , Skidmore Mark L. , Turetta Clara , Barbante Carlo , Christner Brent C. , Dore John E. , Christianson Knut , Mitchell Andrew C. , Achberger Amanda M. , Mikucki Jill A. , Priscu John C.
Published: February 2020

Although subglacial aquatic environments are widespread beneath the Antarctic ice sheet, subglacial biogeochemistry is not well understood, and the contribution of subglacial water to coastal ocean carbon and nutrient cycling remains poorly constrained. The Whillans Subglacial Lake (SLW) ecosystem is upstream from West Antarctica's Gould‐Siple Coast ~800 m beneath the surface of the Whillans Ice Stream. SLW hosts an active microbial ecosystem and is part of an active hydrological system that drains into the marine cavity beneath the adjacent Ross Ice Shelf. Here we examine sources and sinks for organic matter in the lake and estimate the freshwater carbon and nutrient delivery from discharges into the coastal embayment. Fluorescence‐based characterization of dissolved organic matter revealed microbially driven differences between sediment pore waters and lake water, with an increasing contribution from relict humic‐like dissolved organic matter with sediment depth. Mass balance calculations indicated that the pool of dissolved organic carbon in the SLW water column could be produced in 4.8 to 11.9 yr, which is a time frame similar to that of the lakes’ fill‐drain cycle. Based on these estimates, subglacial lake water discharged at the Siple Coast could supply an average of 5,400% more than the heterotrophic carbon demand within Siple Coast embayments (6.5% for the entire Ross Ice Shelf cavity). Our results suggest that subglacial discharge represents a heretofore unappreciated source of microbially processed dissolved organic carbon and other nutrients to the Southern Ocean.
Semantic concept schema of the linear mixed model of experimental observations
Authors: Ćwiek-Kupczyńska Hanna , Filipiak Katarzyna , Markiewicz Augustyn , Rocca-Serra Philippe , Gonzalez-Beltran Alejandra N. , Sansone Susanna-Assunta , Millet Emilie J. , van Eeuwijk Fred , Ławrynowicz Agnieszka , Krajewski Paweł
Published: February 2020

In the information age, smart data modelling and data management can be carried out to address the wealth of data produced in scientific experiments. In this paper, we propose a semantic model for the statistical analysis of datasets by linear mixed models. We tie together disparate statistical concepts in an interdisciplinary context through the application of ontologies, in particular the Statistics Ontology (STATO), to produce FAIR data summaries. We hope to improve the general understanding of statistical modelling and thus contribute to a better description of the statistical conclusions from data analysis, allowing their efficient exploration and automated processing.
A micropatterned conductive electrospun nanofiber mesh combined with electrical stimulation for synergistically enhancing differentiation of rat neural stem cells
Authors: Yan Huanhuan , Wang Yu , Li Linlong , Zhou Xiaosong , Shi Xincui , Wei Yen , Zhang Peibiao
Published: February 2020

The micropatterned conductive nanofiber mesh combined with ES effectively facilitates the differentiation of NSCs into neuron and suppresses the formation of astrocytes.
Authorisation, attack detection and avoidance framework for IoT devices
Authors: Sudhakaran Pradeep , Malathy Chidambaranathan
Published: February 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) involve large volumes of data generated from the interactions between devices and people, and security is a main alarm in IoT. Most of the anomaly detection techniques in IoT use supervised machine learning technique which involve huge overhead and high false positives. It is observed that severity of attack response was not considered. In this study, the authors propose to develop an authorisation, attack detection and avoidance framework for IoT devices. Initially, traffic collection agent continuously gathers packet level and flow level information for a given time interval. Then detection agent (DA) first checks the collected information with the attack rules table. If any matching attack pattern is found, it informs the attack type to response agent (RA). On the other hand, if no matching pattern is found, then the classification agent applies multi‐class support vector machine algorithm. Once the RA obtains the attack type from DA, then it estimates the severity of attack by computing the attack frequency over different time windows and appropriate action will be performed. Experimental results show that the proposed framework reduces 13% of unauthorised access and 19% false positive rate thereby increasing the detection accuracy by 0.6% and throughput.
Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Q-Marker with One Single Reference in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch
Authors: Dong Xin , Zheng Fangyuan , Liu Xin , Zhang Lianju , Hu Rongqin , Wang Lingcheng , Hao Xiaoyun , Xue Peifeng
Published: February 2020

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) studies, it is difficult to choose evaluation markers for the strict quality control of herbs. A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with metabolomics for simultaneous quantitative analysis of quality markers (Q-markers) in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch was established, which could not only ensure the quality and batch-to-batch consistency of TCMs, but also achieve a quantitative analysis of multi-components by the single reference standard. Based on the construction of chromatographic profiles by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-Q-Exactive/MS methods, different multivariate analyses were employed. Seven quantitative indices were selected as the Q-markers, and a reliable quantification method was established. The quantitative method was acceptable with good linearity with correlation coefficients >0.9993 and satisfactory repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 0.05%), precision (RSD < 0.24%), reproducibility (RSD < 0.97%), stability (RSD < 2.52%) and recoveries (96.96%—98.52%, RSD < 3.24%), and no significant differences were observed between the external standard method and the new method as determined by calculating standard method difference. Overall, the study suggests that the simultaneous quantitative analysis of main Q-marker in G. uralensis Fisch with one single marker can be considered good quality criteria for performing quality control of G. uralensis Fisch.
Development of Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease in Patients With Lung Cancer on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Fujita Kohei , Yamamoto Yuki , Kanai Osamu , Okamura Misato , Nakatani Koichi , Mio Tadashi
Published: February 2020

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), while ameliorating lung cancer, can cause infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, in addition to immune-related noninfectious complications. In the clinical setting, the efficacy of ICIs to treat mycobacterial infection remains controversial. We report 3 cases of acute Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease during immunotherapy with ICIs.
Why are tropical conifers disadvantaged in fertile soils? Comparison of Podocarpus guatemalensis with an angiosperm pioneer, Ficus insipida
Authors: Palma Ana C , Winter Klaus , Aranda Jorge , Dalling James W , Cheesman Alexander W , Turner Benjamin L , Cernusak Lucas A
Published: February 2020

Conifers are, for the most part, competitively excluded from tropical rainforests by angiosperms. Where they do occur, conifers often occupy sites that are relatively infertile. To gain insight into the physiological mechanisms by which angiosperms outcompete conifers in more productive sites, we grew seedlings of a tropical conifer (Podocarpus guatemalensis Standley) and an angiosperm pioneer (Ficus insipida Willd.) with and without added nutrients, supplied in the form of a slow-release fertilizer. At the conclusion of the experiment, the dry mass of P. guatemalensis seedlings in fertilized soil was approximately twofold larger than that of seedlings in unfertilized soil; on the other hand, the dry mass of F. insipida seedlings in fertilized soil was ~20-fold larger than seedlings in unfertilized soil. The higher relative growth rate of F. insipida was associated with a larger leaf area ratio and a higher photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area. Higher overall photosynthetic rates in F. insipida were associated with an approximately fivefold larger stomatal conductance than in P. guatemalensis. We surmise that a higher whole-plant hydraulic conductance in the vessel bearing angiosperm F. insipida enabled higher leaf area ratio and higher stomatal conductance per unit leaf area than in the tracheid bearing P. guatemalensis, which enabled F. insipida to capitalize on increased photosynthetic capacity driven by higher nitrogen availability in fertilized soil.
Melanopsin-dependent direct photic effects are equal to clock-driven effects in shaping the nychthemeral sleep-wake cycle
Authors: Hubbard Jeffrey , Frisk Mio Kobayashi , Ruppert Elisabeth , Tsai Jessica W. , Fuchs Fanny , Robin-Choteau Ludivine , Husse Jana , Calvel Laurent , Eichele Gregor , Franken Paul , Bourgin Patrice
Published: February 2020

Nychthemeral sleep-wake cycles (SWc) are known to be generated by the circadian clock in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), entrained to the light-dark cycle. Light also exerts direct acute effects on sleep and waking. However, under longer photic exposure such as the 24-hour day, the precise significance of sustained direct light effects (SDLE) and circuitry involved have been neither clarified nor quantified, as disentangling them from circadian influence is difficult. Recording sleep in mice lacking a circadian pacemaker and/or melanopsin-based phototransduction, we uncovered, contrary to prevailing assumptions, that circadian-driven input shapes only half of SWc, with SDLE being equally important. SDLE were primarily mediated (>80%) through melanopsin, of which half were relayed through SCN, independent of clock function. These findings were used for a model that predicted SWc under simulated jet-lag, and revealed SDLE as a crucial mechanism influencing behavior, and should be considered for circadian/sleep disorder management and societal lighting optimization.
Normative vs. patient-specific brain connectivity in Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Wang Qiang , Akram Harith , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Gonzalez-Escamilla Gabriel , Sheth Sameer A. , Groppa Sergiu , Vanegas-Arroyave Nora , Zrinzo Ludvic , Li Ningfei , Kühn Andrea , Horn Andreas
Published: February 2020

Brain connectivity profiles seeding from deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes have emerged as informative tools to estimate outcome variability across DBS patients. Given the limitations of acquiring and processing patient-specific diffusion-weighted imaging data, most studies have employed normative atlases of the human connectome. To date, it remains unclear whether patient-specific connectivity information would strengthen the accuracy of such analyses. Here, we compared similarities and differences between patient-specific, disease-matched and normative structural connectivity data and retrospective estimation of clinical improvement that they may generate.

Data from 33 patients suffering from Parkinson’s Disease who underwent surgery at three different centers were retrospectively collected. Stimulation-dependent connectivity profiles seeding from active contacts were estimated using three modalities, namely either patient-specific diffusion-MRI data, disease-matched or normative group connectome data (acquired in healthy young subjects). Based on these profiles, models of optimal connectivity were constructed and used to retrospectively estimate the clinical improvement in out of sample data.

All three modalities resulted in highly similar optimal connectivity profiles that could largely reproduce findings from prior research based on a novel multi-center cohort. Connectivity estimates seeding from electrodes when using either patient-specific or normative connectomes correlated significantly to primary motor cortex (R = 0.57, p = 0.001, R=0.73, p=0.001), supplementary motor area (R = 0.40, p = 0.005, R = 0.43, p = 0.003), pre-supplementary motor area (R = 0.33, p = 0.022, R = 0.33, p = 0.031), but not to more frontal regions such as the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (R = 0.21, p = 0.17, R = 0.18, p = 0.17).

However, in a data-driven approach that estimated optimal whole-brain connectivity profiles, out-of-sample estimation of clinical improvements were made and ranged within a similar magnitude when applying either of the three modalities (R = 0.43 at p = 0.001 for patient-specific connectivity; R = 0.25, p = 0.048 for the age- and disease-matched group connectome; R = 0.31 at p = 0.028 for healthy-/young connectome).

Conclusions

The use of patient-specific connectivity and normative connectomes lead to identical main conclusions about which brain areas are associated with clinical improvement. Still, although results were not significantly different, they hint at the fact that patient-specific connectivity may bear the potential of estimating slightly more variance when compared to group connectomes. Our findings further support the role of DBS electrode connectivity profiles as a promising method to guide surgical targeting and DBS programming.
Transmission potential of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) onboard the Diamond Princess Cruises Ship, 2020
Authors: Mizumoto Kenji , Chowell Gerardo
Published: February 2020

An outbreak of COVID-19 developed aboard the Princess Cruises Ship during January-February 2020. Using mathematical modeling and time-series incidence data describing the trajectory of the outbreak among passengers and crew members, we characterize how the transmission potential varied over the course of the outbreak. Our estimate of the mean reproduction number in the confined setting reached values as high as ∼11, which is higher than mean estimates reported from community-level transmission dynamics in China and Singapore (approximate range: 1.1-7). Our findings suggest that Rt decreased substantially compared to values during the early phase after the Japanese government implemented an enhanced quarantine control. Most recent estimates of Rt reached values largely below the epidemic threshold, indicating that a secondary outbreak of the novel coronavirus was unlikely to occur aboard the Diamond Princess Ship.
Association of social isolation, loneliness, and genetic risk with incidence of dementia: UK Biobank cohort study
Authors: Elovainio Marko , Lahti Jari , Pirinen Matti , Pulkki-Råback Laura , Malmberg Anni , Lipsanen Jari , Virtanen Marianna , Kivimäki Mika , Hakulinen Christian
Published: February 2020

Objective

To examine the associations of social isolation and loneliness with incident dementia by level of genetic risk.

Design

Prospective population-based cohort study.

Setting and participants

155 074 men and women (mean age 64.1, SD 2.9 years) from the UK Biobank Study, recruited between 2006 and 2010.

Main exposures

Self-reported social isolation and loneliness, and polygenic risk score for Alzheimer’s disease with low (lowest quintile), intermediate (quintiles 2 to 4), and high (highest quintile) risk categories.

Main outcome

Incident all-cause dementia ascertained using electronic health records.

Results

Overall, 8.6% of participants reported that they were socially isolated and 5.5% were lonely. During a mean follow-up of 8.8 years (1.36 million person-years), 1444 (0.9% of the total sample) were diagnosed with dementia. Social isolation, but not loneliness, was associated with increased risk of dementia (hazard ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.38 to 1.90). Of the participants who were socially isolated and had high genetic risk, 4.2% (2.9% to 5.5%) were estimated to develop dementia compared with 3.1% (2.7% to 3.5%) in participants who were not socially isolated but had high genetic risk. The corresponding estimated incidence in the socially isolated and not isolated were 3.9% (3.1% to 4.6%) and 2.5% (2.2% to 2.6%) in participants with intermediate genetic risk.

Conclusion

Socially isolated individuals are at increased risk of dementia at all levels of genetic risk.

What is already known on this topic

Social isolation and loneliness have been associated with increased risk of dementia

It is not known whether this risk is modified or confounded by genetic risk of dementia

What this study adds

This is the first study to show that social isolation is associated with increased risk of dementia across the spectrum of genetic risk

Loneliness, although considered as a significant risk for multiple health problems, seems to be associated with dementia only when combined with high genetic risk
Religiosity and mental wellbeing among members of majority and minority religions: findings from Understanding Society, The UK Household Longitudinal Study
Authors: Aksoy Ozan , Bann David , Fluharty Meg E , Nandi Alita
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To examine the associations between religious affiliation, religious service attendance, subjective religious beliefs and mental wellbeing among the religiously unaffiliated, Christians, Muslims, and members of other minority religions in the UK using a longitudinal design.

Methods

We used data from four waves (2009–2013) of the UK Understanding Society, a longitudinal household panel survey with over 70,000 individuals in 30,000 households which included 4,000 households from an Ethnic Minority Boost sample. We adjusted for potential confounders (including ethnicity, socioeconomic factors and personality) and accounted for household fixed effects that absorb unobserved confounding factors operating at the household level. Outcomes were the Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).

Results

Compared with Christians and the nonreligious, Muslims and members of other minority religions reported significantly lower mental wellbeing, indicated by higher SWEMWBS and lower GHQ scores. These differences were only partially accounted for by confounding factors, by ethnicity and by the mediators we examined. Amongst those with religious affiliations (Christians, Muslims, and others), higher religious service attendance was associated with higher SWEMWBS; amongst those with no religious affiliation, there was no association. Higher religious service attendance is associated with lower GHQ scores amongst those with and without religious affiliations. The subjective importance of religion was not associated with SWEMWBS yet was associated with higher GHQ scores.

Conclusions

Religious service attendance as opposed to the subjective importance of religion appears to have positive effects on mental wellbeing outcomes. This suggests that the positive effects of religion on mental health operate through social channels. Findings point to the potential benefit of secular alternatives to religious service attendance to improve population-wide mental wellbeing.
Early individual and family predictors of weight trajectories from early childhood to adolescence: results from the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: dos Santos Constança Soares , Picoito João , Nunes Carla , Loureiro Isabel
Published: February 2020

Background

Early infancy and childhood are critical periods in the establishment of lifelong weight trajectories. Parents and early family environment have a strong effect on children’s health behaviors that track into adolescence, influencing lifelong risk of obesity.

Objective

We aimed to identify developmental trajectories of body mass index (BMI) from early childhood to adolescence and to assess their early individual and family predictors.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study and included 17,166 children. Weight trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modeling based on age- and gender-specific BMI Z-scores, followed by a bias-adjusted regression analysis.

Results

We found four BMI trajectories: Weight Loss (69%), Early Weight Gain (24%), Early Obesity (3.7%), and Late Weight Gain (3.3%). Weight trajectories were mainly settled by early adolescence. Lack of sleep and eating routines, low emotional self-regulation, child-parent conflict, and low child-parent closeness in early childhood were significantly associated with unhealthy weight trajectories, alongside poverty, low maternal education, maternal obesity, and prematurity.

Conclusions

Unhealthy BMI trajectories were defined in early and middle-childhood, and disproportionally affected children from disadvantaged families. This study further points out that household routines, self-regulation, and child-parent relationships are possible areas for family-based obesity prevention interventions.
Estimation of country-level basic reproductive ratios for novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) using synthetic contact matrices
Authors: Hilton Joe , Keeling Matt J.
Published: February 2020

The outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has the potential for global spread, infecting large numbers in all countries. In this case, estimating the country-specific basic reproductive ratio is a vital first step in public-health planning. The basic reproductive ratio (R0) is determined by both the nature of pathogen and the network of contacts through which the disease can spread - with this network determined by socio-demographics including age-structure and household composition. Here we focus on the age-structured transmission within the population, using data from China to inform age-dependent susceptibility and synthetic age-mixing matrices to inform the contact network. This allows us to determine the country-specific basic reproductive ratio as a multiplicative scaling of the value from China. We predict that R0 will be highest across Eastern Europe and Japan, and lowest across Africa, Central America and South-Western Asia. This pattern is largely driven by the ratio of children to older adults in each country and the observed propensity of clinical cases in the elderly.
Tongue thickness measured by ultrasonography is associated with tongue pressure in the Japanese elderly
Authors: Nakamori Masahiro , Imamura Eiji , Fukuta Masako , Tachiyama Keisuke , Kamimura Teppei , Hayashi Yuki , Matsushima Hayato , Ogawa Kanami , Nishino Masami , Hirata Akiko , Mizoue Tatsuya , Wakabayashi Shinichi
Published: February 2020

The term “oral frailty” reflects the fact that oral health is associated with physical frailty and mortality. Tongue thickness measurement is one of the evaluations for swallowing function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between tongue thickness and tongue pressure in the Japanese elderly. We evaluated 254 elderly patients; all the participants underwent tongue ultrasonography and tongue pressure measurement. To determine tongue thickness, we measured the vertical distance from the surface of the mylohyoid muscle to the tongue dorsum using ultrasonography. Result analyses revealed that tongue thickness was linearly associated with tongue pressure in both sexes. In male participants, dyslipidemia, lower leg circumference, and tongue pressure were independently significantly associated with tongue thickness. In female participants, body mass index and tongue pressure were independently significantly associated with tongue thickness. Tongue thickness was significantly decreased by age for both men and women. The optimal cutoff for tongue thickness to predict the tongue pressure of < 20 kPa was 41.3 mm in males, and 39.3 mm in females. In the Japanese elderly, tongue thickness using ultrasonography is associated with tongue pressure. Tongue thickness and tongue pressure, which are sensitive markers for oral frailty, decrease in aging. The tongue ultrasonography provides a less invasive technique for determining tongue thickness and related aspiration risks for elderly patients.
Rapid specialization of counter defenses enables two-spotted spider mite to adapt to novel plant hosts
Authors: Salehipourshirazi Golnaz , Bruinsma Kristie , Ratlamwala Huzefa , Dixit Sameer , Arbona Vicent , Widemann Emilie , Milojevic Maja , Jin Pengyu , Bensoussan Nicolas , Gómez-Cadenas Aurelio , Zhurov Vladimir , Grbic Miodrag , Grbic Vojislava
Published: February 2020

Genetic adaptation, occurring over a long evolutionary time, enables host-specialized herbivores to develop novel resistance traits and to efficiently counteract the defenses of a narrow range of host plants. In contrast, physiological acclimation, leading to the suppression and/or detoxification of host defenses is hypothesized to enable broad-generalists to shift between plant hosts. However, the host adaptation mechanisms used by generalists composed of host-adapted populations are not known.Tetranychus urticaeis an extreme generalist herbivore whose individual populations perform well only on a subset of potential hosts. We combined experimental evolution,Arabidopsisgenetics, mite reverse genetics, and pharmacological approaches to examine mite host adaptation upon the shift of a bean-adapted population toArabidopsis thaliana. We showed that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are required for mite adaptation toArabidopsis. We identified activities of two tiers of P450s: general xenobiotic-responsive P450s that have a limited contribution to mite adaptation toArabidopsisand adaptation-associated P450s that efficiently counteractArabidopsisdefenses. In ≈25 generations of mite selection onArabidopsisplants, mites evolved highly efficient detoxification-based adaptation, characteristic of specialist herbivores. This demonstrates that specialization to plant resistance traits can occur within the ecological timescale, enabling the two-spotted spider mite to shift to novel plant hosts.
Cost of crime in Ukraine: an empirical analysis
Authors: Smetanina Nataliia Volodumurivna , Kulyk Kateryna Dmitryevna
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the cost of crime as understood in Ukrainian and foreign criminology, investigating both the direct and indirect damage caused by crime, its social consequences and Ukrainians’ attitudes toward its costs.

Design/methodology/approach

From January 2018 to May 2019, data were gathered using an online questionnaire from 717 respondents between 14 and 65 years of age residing in all regions of Ukraine.

Findings

Results suggest a high level of concern among Ukrainian citizens regarding security and crime. Latent criminality, crime rates and mistrust of law enforcement are high in Ukraine. It was found that the total cost of crime to the respondents (losses from crimes) reached UAH2m, and 69.3 per cent reported fear of becoming a victim of crime, with 26.2 per cent indicating that they had already been victims.

Practical implications

The knowledge of the cost of crime obtained in this study is vital for understanding crime in Ukraine. The results could be effectively leveraged to develop effective and cost-efficient means of combating crime. They could also be used to forecast crime rates, and thus, optimize future responses to the challenges of crime.

Originality/value

This is the first comprehensive study of the cost of crime in Ukraine and it indicates both the tangible and intangible costs of the damage it inflicts. Notwithstanding the country-specific case-study context, the results could inform discussions and decisions at a broader international scale, subject to the usual caveats.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Testing Validity and Reliability of University Transformation Practices as Perceived by University Staff
Authors: Miiro Farooq
Published: February 2020

This empirical study was a cross-sectional survey examining the four subdimensions of university transformation among the six universities in the central region of Uganda. Questionnaires were distributed to 820 volunteers randomly chosen from the university staff and the data generated was subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. The essence was due to the fact that structural equation modelling requires a big number of sample size to measure the validity and reliability of the hypothesized measurement model of university transformation construct.  The findings exhibited that the data was fit and appropriate for predicting the four subdimensions of university transformation construct. In addition, the findings reflected a relationship between the four subdimensions of university transformation construct. Implying that when university transformation practices are put into consideration universities would be able to achieve their strategic development and transformation. The study concluded by exhibiting the foundation on which future studies can base to extend the understanding and emphasis on the four subdimensions used in measuring university transformation.
Pola Kajian Hari Kiamat: Sorotan 30 Tahun Literatur Secara Sistematik (1988-2018) (Research on Judgment Day: 30th Years Systematic Literature Review (1988-2018)
Authors: Mohd Nathir Khairul Asyraf , Othman Mohd Sukki , Mustapha Nik Farhan , Wan Sulong Wan Muhammad
Published: February 2020

Research on Judgment Day is a form of tauhīd development of faith and belief in the existence of the Judgment Day. In the past 30 years (1988-2018), there are 23 studies that have been done in different dimensions by focusing on the signs and secrets of the Judgment day. The study was produced either in the form of material collections, debates in book, qualify for academic degrees and articles published in seminars or journal papers. The purpose of this study is to highlight the development of the Judgment Day study through several different dimensions. Hence, this qualitative study will review the literature of Judgment Day by using the document analysis method and based on the mathematical table "Systematic Literature Review (SLR)" and Atlas.ti 8 software. This systematic analysis focuses on background study, research objective, research design and findings of the study. The findings show that the Judgment Day has been split into three themes, namely the study of the Qur'an and the hadith, the study of Arabic grammar and the new exploratory study which is students' understanding of Judgment Day. Of the three themes, there are 12 sub-themes that have been released.
Genomic evidence for two phylogenetic species and long-term population bottlenecks in red pandas
Authors: Hu Yibo , Thapa Arjun , Fan Huizhong , Ma Tianxiao , Wu Qi , Ma Shuai , Zhang Dongling , Wang Bing , Li Min , Yan Li , Wei Fuwen
Published: February 2020

Population genomics reveal two species in red pandas, correct their species boundaries, and reconstruct their evolutionary histories.
The role of Northeast Pacific meltwater events in deglacial climate change
Authors: Praetorius Summer K. , Condron Alan , Mix Alan C. , Walczak Maureen H. , McKay Jennifer L. , Du Jianghui
Published: February 2020

Deglacial meltwater input to the North Pacific contributed to abrupt Northern Hemisphere climate events.
Nitric oxide disrupts bacterial cytokinesis by poisoning purine metabolism
Authors: Jones-Carson Jessica , Yahashiri Atsushi , Kim Ju-Sim , Liu Lin , Fitzsimmons Liam F. , Weiss David S. , Vázquez-Torres Andrés
Published: February 2020

An inflammatory mediator interrupts early steps in bacterial cell division by inhibiting nucleoside triphosphate synthesis.
Biomathematical model for gyrotactic free-forced bioconvection with oxygen diffusion in near-wall transport within a porous medium fuel cell
Authors: Nima Nayema Islam , Ferdows M. , Anwar Bég O. , Kuharat S. , Alzahrani Faris
Published: February 2020

Bioconvection has shown significant promise for environmentally friendly, sustainable “green” fuel cell technologies. The improved design of such systems requires continuous refinements in biomathematical modeling in conjunction with laboratory and field testing. Motivated by exploring deeper the near-wall transport phenomena involved in bio-inspired fuel cells, in the present paper, we examine analytically and numerically the combined free-forced convective steady boundary layer flow from a solid vertical flat plate embedded in a Darcian porous medium containing gyrotactic microorganisms. Gyrotaxis is one of the many taxes exhibited in biological microscale transport, and other examples include magneto-taxis, photo-taxis, chemotaxis and geo-taxis (reflecting the response of microorganisms to magnetic field, light, chemical concentration or gravity, respectively). The bioconvection fuel cell also contains diffusing oxygen species which mimics the cathodic behavior in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) system. The vertical wall is maintained at iso-solutal (constant oxygen volume fraction and motile microorganism density) and iso-thermal conditions. Wall values of these quantities are sustained at higher values than the ambient temperature and concentration of oxygen and biological microorganism species. Similarity transformations are applied to render the governing partial differential equations for mass, momentum, energy, oxygen species and microorganism species density into a system of ordinary differential equations. The emerging eight order nonlinear coupled, ordinary differential boundary value problem features several important dimensionless control parameters, namely Lewis number (Le), buoyancy ratio parameter i.e. ratio of oxygen species buoyancy force to thermal buoyancy force (Nr), bioconvection Rayleigh number (Rb), bioconvection Lewis number (Lb), bioconvection Péclet number (Pe) and the mixed convection parameter ([Formula: see text] spanning the entire range of free and forced convection. The transformed nonlinear system of equations with boundary conditions is solved numerically by a finite difference method with central differencing, tridiagonal matrix manipulation and an iterative procedure. Computations are validated with the symbolic Maple 14.0 software. The influence of buoyancy and bioconvection parameters on the dimensionless temperature, velocity, oxygen concentration and motile microorganism density distribution, Nusselt, Sherwood and gradient of motile microorganism density are studied. The work clearly shows the benefit of utilizing biological organisms in fuel cell design and presents a logical biomathematical modeling framework for simulating such systems. In particular, the deployment of gyrotactic microorganisms is shown to stimulate improved transport characteristics in heat and momentum at the fuel cell wall.
Some properties of central kernel quotient of a group
Authors: Davoudirad Samaneh , Moghaddam Mohammad Reza R. , Rostamyari Mohammad Amin
Published: February 2020

The authors, in 2016, introduced the notion of central autocommutator subgroup of a group [Formula: see text] and proved some new results concerning the central kernel subgroup of [Formula: see text], which was introduced earlier by Haimo in [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we establish some results on central kernel quotient of [Formula: see text]. Finally, we introduce the concept of central autonilpotent (henceforth [Formula: see text]-nilpotent) groups and determine its relationship with the nilpotency of the subgroups of central automorphism of [Formula: see text].
(Invited) A Novel Single Wall Carbon Nanotube-Enhanced Biophysical Strategy for Integrated Imaging and Therapy in Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Sitharaman Balaji
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
(Invited) Phthalocyanine-Based Systems for Molecular Photovoltaics
Authors: Torres Tomas , Setaro F. , Suanzes J. A. , Anaya-Plaza E. , Hassanpour A. , Medel M. , Sanchez-Carballo M. , Ruiz-Ganivet C. , Cardinali F. , Urbani M.-R. , Ragoussi M. E. , Osati S. , Sánchez-Contreras L. E. , Trukhina O. , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
(Invited) Supramolecular Photoinduced Electron Transfer via Formation of π-Complexes
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
(Invited) Azadipyrromethene - Porphyrin - Fullerene Triad: Synthesis and Photoinduced Processes
Authors: D'Souza F. , Amin Anu , Zandler Melvin E. , El-Khouly Mohamed , Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Ordered Layers of TiO2 Nanotubes as Anode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Cottineau Thomas , Gross Pierre Alexandre , Pronkin Sergey , Keller Nicolas , Keller Valérie , Savinova Elena
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Oxygen Reduction on Thin-Film Transition Metal Carbides for Fuel Cells
Authors: Fahy Kieran F. , Burstein Gordon
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activities of CdS Nanoparticles by the Immobilization on Au Particles
Authors: Torimoto Tsukasa , Horibe Hiroki , Okazaki Ken-ichi , Ikeda Shigeru , Matsumura Michio
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Graphene Oxide Semiconductor Nanocomposites
Authors: Kamat Prashant V. , Lightcap Ian
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Terahertz and Infrared Dynamics in Graphene
Authors: Ren Lei , Zhang Qi , Booshehri Layla , Arikawa Takashi , Kono Junichiro
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Sonolytic Design of Graphene -Pt/Au Nanocomposites
Authors: Vinodgopal Kizhanipuram , Neppolian Bernaudshaw , Lightcap Ian , Grieser Franz , Ashokkumar Muthupandian , Kamat Prashant V.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Pt Nanocatalyst on Graphene Nanosheet for PEM Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Sun Shuhui , Zhang Gaixia , Meng Xiangbo , Geng Dongsheng , Li Ruying , Sun Andy Xueliang , Ye Siyu , Knights Shanna
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Role of Surface Oxide in Reactivity of III-V Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wood Brandon , Ogitsu Tadashi , Schwegler Eric
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Cu-Containing Oxygen Reduction Catalysts for Sustainability
Authors: Gewirth Andrew , Thorum Matthew , Tornow Claire
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemical and Microbial Properties of a Photosynthetic Bio-Cathode
Authors: Strycharz-Glaven Sarah , Tender Leonard , Glaven Richard
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Diffusion Coefficients and Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rate Constant in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Siraj Noureen , Grampp Günter , Landgraf Stephan
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
High Current Density Bioanodes Based on Linear Poly(ethylenimine) and Polymethylated Ferrocenes for Use in Biofuel Cells
Authors: Hickey David P. , Meredith Matthew , Kao Der-You , Schmidtke David W. , Glatzhofer Daniel T.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Development of Bioelectrocatalytic Multi-Component Films for Reduction of Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Kulesza Pawel J. , Dobrzeniecka Anna , Kowalewska Barbara , Gierwatowska Marta , Miecznikowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Investigation of Multicomponent Bioelectrocatalytic Films
Authors: Dobrzeniecka Anna , Zeradjanin Aleksandar , Masa Justus , Stroka Jadwiga , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Kulesza Pawel J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Enzyme Immobilized PPS-SWCNTs Composite Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing and Biofuel Cell Applications
Authors: S. Saleh Farhana , Okajima Takeyoshi , Mao L. , Ohsaka Takeo
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Molecular Modeling of Electrochemical Interfaces in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Malek Kourosh , Mashio Tetsuya , Eikerling Michael
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Tafel Slope Component Analysis of Fuel Cell Cathode Current-Potential Behavior
Authors: Tryk Donald A. , Lee Myoungseok , Uchida Makoto , Uchida Hiroyuki , Watanabe Masahiro
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Fluid Dynamics Study to Compare Four Different Flow-Field Geometries
Authors: Hidalgo Pimentel Pablo E. , Chapman Thomas , Orozco German
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Effects of Catalyst Composition on Properties of Co-PPy-TsOH/C toward Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Kong Hai-Chuan , Yuan Xianxia , Ding Xin-Long , Ma Zi-Feng
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Platinum Nanowire-Based Highly Active and Durable Electrocatalyst for PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Sun Shuhui , Zhang Gaixia , Li Ruying , Sun Andy Xueliang , Cai Mei
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Mechanistic Pathways in the Electrooxidation of Hydrazine on Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Sanabria-Chinchilla Jean , Asazawa Koichiro , Tanaka Hirohisa , Strasser Peter
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Highly Facile Electrochemical Oxidation of Methanol in Aqueous Bicarbonate at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Jiang Junhua , Aulich Ted
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Self-Sustained Electrochemical Promotion Catalysts for Heavy Hydrocarbon Reforming
Authors: Zhou Xiangyang , Liu Hongtan , Wang Zedong , Huang Hao
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Investigation of Water Evolution and Transport in a PEM Fuel Cell with Synchrotron Radiography
Authors: Lee Jongmin , Hinebaugh James , Bazylak Aimy
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Almost All Iron Lithium-Ion Battery Based on a Very Original Concept of Iron Conversion Electrode
Authors: Vidal Elodie , Lascaud Stephane , Bousquet Jean-Roger , Fournier Christian , Yrieix Bernard
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemical Properties and Structural Stabilities of Ramsdellite-Type Lithium Titanium Oxide Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Setiawati Elly , Minowa Hironobu , Hayashi Masahiko , Takahashi Masaya , Shodai Takahisa , Saito Keiichi
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemical Activity and Catalyst Utilization of Low Pt Electrode Prepared by Piezo-Electric Printer
Authors: Saha Madhu S. , Malevich Dzmitry , Halliop Ela , Pharoah Jon , Peppley Brant , Karan Kunal
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.