bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Infrared based Real-Time Monitoring System of Bees Activities: The Integration of STEM and Enviromental Education
Authors: Almira A , Raffiudin R , Nurhiman A , Maddu A , Rustami E , Priawandiputra W , Sumaryada T I
Published: July 2024

Global climate change has a devastating impact on human life, including the agricultural sector. It is urgent that the environmental education must be taught as early as possible to the younger generation. Bees that play a crucial role in pollination are vulnerable to the environmental change. Observation and detection of the bee’s activity are crucial to inform us the possible occurrence of a Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) phenomenon, in which the population of bees drops significantly due to many external factors. A real-time monitoring system of bee’s activities based on infrared sensor and Internet of Things (IoT) platform has been designed as a STEM project for undergraduate students. This instrument can monitor the in-and-out activity of bees remotely using internet and website’s interface. In four days of observation, the average activity of bees leaving the hive per minute showed an increasing pattern from 1.00 to 2.00 PM. The result indicates a healthy population of bees and no clear sign of CCD occurred in the area. Other phenomena such as the heat-balling behavior which arises during the observation which also enrich student knowledge about animal behaviour.
Comparison of K-Means and K-Medoids Algorithms for Clustering of Potential Flood-Prone Areas in Bengkulu Province
Authors: Ishak S I , Sitanggang I S , Widodo T
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the likelihood of flooding in Bengkulu Province, an area prone to flood events. Key factors such as heavy rainfall, mountainous terrain, changes in land use, insufficient drainage infrastructure, and the impact of climate change contribute significantly to the occurrence of floods in this region. Utilizing Quantum GIS, this study incorporates rainfall data and river distances from district centers to analyze the potential flood susceptibility of different areas. Employing clustering techniques, specifically K-means and K-medoids, the research identifies areas at higher risk of flooding. The findings indicate that employing K-means with five clusters yields superior outcomes, while K-medoids with two clusters also provide valuable insights. By leveraging Geographic Information Systems (GIS), flood-prone areas can be effectively mapped, enhancing the comprehension and mitigation of flood risks. Recommendations stemming from this study include prioritizing common and pertinent factors related to flood disasters, enhancing website user experience through UI/UX enhancements, and improving online accessibility measures.
Time Series Clustering Analysis Using Dynamic Time Warping Technique of Daily Rainfall in Bengkulu Province
Authors: Fransiska H , Agustina D , Setyorini D , Sumartajaya I M , Kurnia A
Published: July 2024

Climate change is an important issue. The Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency indicates that the state of climate change is critical. Climate change, such as high rainfall, can hurt people’s daily lives, causing floods, landslides, and other disasters. As a result, this researcher will use the time series clustering approach to analyze the mapping of rainfall in Bengkulu Province using data from 2001-2020. This work uses Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Euclidean to determine the similarity. The best is DTW. The results obtained show that in Bengkulu province, there are 2 clusters. The members of Cluster 1 have one rain station, and Cluster 2 has 14 rain stations. Cluster 1 is included in the low rainfall category. Cluster 2 is a cluster with a high rainfall category.
Flexural Strength of Ceiling Results from Plastic Waste Conversion
Authors: Adinugraha G A , Yuwono A S , Putra H
Published: July 2024

The high development of construction is a factor in accelerating municipal solid waste. The large volume of plastic waste threatens natural ecosystems and human health. Plastic recycling can reduce the negative impact. This study aims to test the performance of a plastic waste melting device, convert plastic waste into a ceiling, and test the quality of plastic ceilings. Plastic waste is converted into ceiling by melting the plastic waste and then printing it on the ceiling mold. The plastic ceiling is tested to measure the material strength and compare it with conventional ceilings. The performance test of plastic melter showed good performance because the device reached the melting temperature of the plastic, which is 160 °C within 4 hours. The process of converting plastic waste into ceilings aims to reduce plastic waste. Density and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) tests were carried out to determine the quality of the ceiling. The density of plastic ceilings has a value of 0.87 g/cm3. The MOR value for plastic ceilings has a value that is not much different from ceiling materials on the market, which is 3 N/mm2. Therefore, plastic ceilings can be an alternative to reduce the distribution of plastic waste.
Initiative Collaboration Tool of Early Warning Systems for Early Action to Mitigate Flood Disaster Impacts in Indonesia
Authors: Perdinan  , Adi R F , Rosya A , Lestari L , Harianto T , Aprilia S , Basit R A , Prihansyah R , Putra A R , Aminingrum  , Jannah N
Published: July 2024

Indonesia is an archipelagic country whose rainfall extremes that can lead to flood events. The Indonesian government initiated the development of the disaster prevention dashboard coordinated by the National Disaster Management Agency that can be accessed at https://dashboardpencegahan.bnpb.go.id/. The dashboard is an online media-based platform that coordinates the flood hazard early warning systems issued by various ministries and/or institutions in Indonesia. The Dashboard provides warnings on possible flood areas covering the sub-district level with a prediction period of two days nationally. Hazard information is generated based on the impact-based forecast analysis from the BMKG-Signature of the Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics, named in Bahasa Indonesia Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, and dan Geofisika (BMKG), and threshold analysis using the river basin approach of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, named in Bahasa Indonesia Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR). The Dashboard offers the related parties to assist in preparedness and mobilization resources. This idea supports the translation of early warning to early action (EWEA), thereby contributing to disaster risk reduction. The goal is to prevent or minimize the casualties and economic impacts of disaster events. The initiative dashboard will also promote the optimal utilization of Early Warning Systems to raise awareness and endorse public participation in emergencies and disaster preparedness. The dashboard development provides insights and lessons on the aspects that contribute to the effectiveness of EWEA related to disaster risk reduction, namely, 1) the required period of prediction (lead time) and accuracy, 2) proper methods for dissemination, and 3) designed plans and actions.
The Production of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel by Non-Catalytic Methods
Authors: Yunitasari B , Susila I W , Arsana I M , Drastiawati N S
Published: July 2024

The escalating demand for sustainable and eco-friendly energy sources has intensified the exploration of alternative fuels, among which biodiesel stands out as a promising candidate. This research delves into the synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) through a non-catalytic transesterification process. WCO, abundant and inexpensive, serves as a viable feedstock, contributing to both environmental sustainability and economic feasibility. The non-catalytic transesterification method, chosen for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, involves the reaction of WCO with methanol in the absence of a catalyst. The process parameters, including temperature and methanol-to-oil ratio, are systematically optimized to enhance biodiesel yield and quality. The research was carried out with varying molar ratios of 160, 170, and 180 for the comparison of methanol and used cooking oil. The method used in this research is a non-catalytic batch system method that entails a transesterification reaction, WCO is reacted with methanol to produce biodiesel. 200 mL of WCO into the BCR (Bubble Column Reactor), then set the temperature on heater one to 70 °C, heater two to 170 °C, and heater three to 150 °C. Additionally, the study evaluates the physicochemical characteristics of the produced biodiesel, encompassing parameters like kinematic viscosity, density, and cetane number, to ensure compliance with the standard to the Decree of the Director General of EBTKE No. 195.K/EK.05/DJE/2022 to determine the characteristics of biodiesel. The test results showed that the highest biodiesel yield from used cooking oil was obtained at a molar ratio of 160, 51%. Characteristic testing shows that variations in molar ratios of 160, 170, and 180 for density (at a temperature of 40 °C), kinematic viscosity (at a temperature of 40 °C), and cetane number have met the specified requirements
Optimizing UAV Routes: An Implementation and Evaluation of Ant-Colony Optimization Algorithm on Crazyflie Quadcopter for Solving the Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Priandana K , Khairi F , Wulandari  , Hardhienata M K D , Atman M W S
Published: July 2024

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) involves optimizing a route to find the most efficient path. In agricultural scenarios, a practical example of TSP arises when Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are required to traverse multiple locations (nodes) to execute specific tasks such as monitoring or fertilization. One of the algorithms employed for solving TSP is Ant-Colony Optimization (ACO). The ACO algorithm operates by utilizing the “ants” as the virtual agents exploring the potential routes and storing the information in memory to determine the optimal route. This research aims to address the TSP problem using the ACO algorithm and subsequently apply it to the Crazyflie quadcopter. The developed ACO algorithm is designed to identify the most efficient route, guiding the UAV along the obtained path. Test results demonstrate the successful navigation of the Crazyflie quadcopter to the specified points, with mean error of 0.02 meters, 0.02 meters, and 0.01 meters on the x-, y- and z-axes respectively.
Sunda Strait Tsunami’s Impact on SDGs. A Change in The Welfare of The Tsunami Survivor’s Family
Authors: Sunarti E , Fithriyah A F , Novyanti W , Meliano I , Pratama C
Published: July 2024

The devastating Sunda Strait Tsunami of December 2018 has had lasting effects on the lives of affected families. The aims of this research are: (1) analyze the long-term recovery of the affected families in terms of poverty status, food security, and family welfare, and (2) analyze the variables within two distinct family groups, namely refugees and non-refugees. This study tracked changes over four intervals post-tsunami to monitor the progress of recovery. A total of 120 families, divided into refugee and non-refugee categories, participated in the study. Within 20 months post-tsunami, family economic downturn only saw a 40 percent recovery from pre-tsunami levels. Initially, there was a rapid increase in poverty status within the first three months post-tsunami, followed by a gradual decline. Despite this, families persisted in employing food coping strategies as an indicator of food security, albeit with decreasing intensity over time. Across three post-tsunami periods, subjective family welfare did not significantly differ between refugee and non-refugee groups, yet refugee families exhibited notably lower objective welfare compared to non-refugee families. This research underscores the pivotal role of family resilience in effectively integrating disaster risk reduction efforts into Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Poverty reduction strategy in the conservation region: Learning from Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia
Authors: Widiono S , Wahyuni E S , Kolopaking L M , Satria A
Published: July 2024

Regional development in the Lebong Regency faced limited land constraints because 61.8% of the area was designated for forest land use. Using secondary data analysis, this study aimed to describe the poverty profile and identify poverty reduction programs in the Lebong conservation region. This study found that the poverty rate in Lebong was still much lower than that in Bengkulu Province, but still higher than the national poverty rate. People in poverty were generally poorly educated and worked as owners and sharecroppers/farm laborers in the agricultural sector. They had a higher share of food consumption and weak access to adequate water and latrines. Most of them have not been covered by social protection programmes. Poverty reduction programs have been directed at tackling multidimensional poverty, starting from aspects of consumption poverty and other dimensions, such as health, education, and access to basic infrastructure. Poverty reduction focuses on improving quality and competitive human resources, strengthening infrastructure to support economic development and basic services, transforming governance, and accelerating poverty alleviation. This study recommends that poverty reduction programs be conducted in a coordinated manner in an integrated action plan under the Regional Poverty Reduction Coordination Team. This study also supports social forestry schemes for villages around protected forest areas to improve productive land access.
Sustainable supply chain management practices in the Agri-palm industry: A comprehensive impact assessment of the Indofood Agribusiness CPO Division.
Authors: Armah K D , Biney M , Agbolosoo J A
Published: July 2024

This study examines the responsible resource orchestration across product lifecycles management practices in the Agri-palm Industry, with a particular focus on Indofood Agri-palm business in Indonesia. The key goals are to identify and analyse Indofood Agri-palm business’s present sustainable supply chain management practices, as well as determine the potential influence of sustainability practices on overall supply chain performance. Supply Chain Operation Reference theoretical framework was used to map the sustainability of the supply chain processes and operations in the Agri-palm industry. The study examined current supply chain management practices and identified gaps in ideal sustainability standards by employing the Analytic Hierarch Process model. The findings from the study showed significant improvement in sustainability practices over the years. The Indofood Agri-palm business put more effort in sustainable innovation practices such as environmentally aware solutions and practices. Also, there was a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from estate and palm oil mill operations. Additionally, there study identified no traces of child labour along the supply chain of the Indofood Agri-palm industry. This was a result of a robust labour policy which eliminates all forms of child labour across the supply chain. The study recommends the integration and putting more effort into other alternatives that could offer a rounded approach towards fostering sustainability, resilience and innovation. Finally, Indofood-Agri palm business should engage more in afforestation projects outside its jurisdiction as part of its corporate social responsibility to contribute to greenhouse gas reduction in Indonesia as a whole.
The Co-Adaptation between Customary Community, State, and Market in Managing Marine Resources: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Satria A , Kinseng R A , Mony A , Sangadji M , Helmi A
Published: July 2024

Globally, various traditional marine resources management practices exist. On Buano Island, Indonesia, the community employs a traditional system for marine resources management, known as ”sasi”. Currently, the Sasi system on Buano Island contends with external influences from both the state and the market. This research explores the co-adaptation dynamics between the traditional sasi system and the market, investigating how they preserve ecological and cultural values. Additionally, it scrutinizes the co-adaptation between sasi and contemporary marine conservation initiatives led by the state, examining how these conservation areas contribute to economic and cultural values. The findings indicate that the Sasi system can integrate with the market, particularly through the implementation of a contractual system between buyers and the customary authority known as ’Soa’. Moreover, the Sasi system demonstrates adaptability to the state-established marine conservation framework. The resilience of the Sasi system is influenced by its ability to effectively address challenges and capitalize on opportunities during the co-adaptation process with both market and state forces.
Exploring sago potential in Meranti Islands Regency: A comprehensive analysis for sustainable bioethanol production in Indonesia
Authors: Kartika N D , Indrasti N S , Karlinasari L , Tjahjono A E
Published: July 2024

The increase in population impacts the high demand for gasoline, and Indonesia still relies on imports to meet this need. Using fossil fuels has been associated with increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which contribute to climate change and air pollution. By 2030, the Indonesian government has pledged to decrease GHG emissions by 29% through its efforts and up to 41% with the international community’s support. The bioethanol program has again gained attention following the issuance of Presidential Regulation No. 40 of 2023 on accelerating national sugar self-sufficiency and using bioethanol as a biofuel. Bioethanol is produced by the fermentation of sugars from carbohydrate sources using microorganisms. Sago, a carbohydrate-producing plant, is underutilized and has significant potential for bioethanol development as a raw material. Land cover mapping in the Meranti Islands Regency as the biggest sago producer in Indonesia, had 83,164.82 hectares availability of sago land with the potential for extracted starch to yield 8 tons/ha or approximately 4.7 kilolitres of ethanol per hectare using an environmentally friendly dry extraction system of pre-treatment. Thus, sago plants have the potential to serve as raw materials and a source of energy for sustainable bioethanol production, support Indonesia’s bioethanol program, and mitigate GHG emissions.
Distributing and Mapping Museums Effective Routes: A Particle Swarm Optimization Approach (Bandung Municipality Case)
Authors: Safriana L , Nurhayati  , Widiyani  , Suharjito D
Published: July 2024

Bandung Municipality, located in West Java Province from Indonesia country, is a historic city known for being a centre of creativity and for its many old buildings. The entity came into being on September 25, 1810, and has a lengthy historical background, cultural assets, and notable architectural structures. Bandung Municipality has emerged as a prominent urban centre in the West Java area. According to the official 2021 release from the Bandung Municipality Government, twenty-one functioning museums are registered and located around the city. Given its substantial magnitude, museum tourism has significant potential for development. It can serve as a city’s distinctive identity, influencing many sectors such as the economy, society, tourism and environment. Every museum has its dynamics, varying attributes, and management approaches. A museum’s existence may significantly enhance and stimulate urban tourism growth in Bandung Municipality, a city renowned for its innovative enterprises. Hence, to maximize this potential, a thorough study is essential to accurately depict the possible existence of these 21 museums within urban tourism (based on the official Bandung Municipality government released 2021). In this research, urban tourism focuses on travelling and finding effective museum routes, which impacts cost saving, carbon reduction, and arranging an itinerary journey for travel tour operators. Effective route planning is crucial for traveling between 21 museums in various areas. One method to enhance the best efficiency travel routes with an algorithm based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methodology. It Utilizes and improves the most efficient routes, decreases carbon emissions, and cuts down on travel expenses. Ultimately, it provides more financial benefits for tourists, tour operators, museum management, and the citizens of Bandung Municipality.
Local wisdom technology, management of water and land resources, as an effort to anticipate and mitigate climate change
Authors: Mayasari V , Haribowo R , Siswoyo H
Published: July 2024

The climate change that has occurred many impacts in the form of hydrometeorological disasters in Indonesia. This research was carried out by collecting literature studies according to the topic to be researched, in this case climate change. Then the data obtained was analyzed by categorizing the impact of climate change by looking at the occurrence of hydrometeorological disasters over the last ten years. After that, the impact on water resources and also the impact on land resources are categorized. From this categorization, an approach is then carried out for adaptation and mitigation activities for climate change that occurs. Efforts to adapt to climate change can be carried out by creating various superior varieties that are adaptive to climate change, implementing water resource technology, and applying land resource management. Mitigation to climate change can be carried out by using low emission rice varieties, early planting shift, sustainable peatland management, environmentally friendly plantation management, using a one-way water system with conservation blocks. Simple technologies sourced from local wisdom include surjan system land planning, local wisdom land management in Panglipuran Village Bali, the use of galam wood or bamboo cerucuks arranged as retaining walls.
Distribution of moon crab Matuta victor (Fabricius, 1781) from the western and eastern of Java coastline and the characteristic of COI mitochondria among the locations
Authors: Syuhada N I , Farajallah A , Mashar A
Published: July 2024

The high activity in coastal regions contributes to the abundance of coastal biota such as Matuta victor. This crab is a supporting organism in aquatic ecosystems, playing an important role in food webs. It provides ecosystem services that enhance ecosystem productivity, including improved fishery products with economic value. This research aims to report the distribution of M. victor and to analyses the characteristic of COI mitochondria. Collection of specimens was carried out in Carita (n=7), Ujung Kulon (n=2), Bomo (n=3), and Muncar (n=1). The specimens were analyzed using COI mitochondria fragments. Based on carapace size, the male M. victor had a carapace length (CL) and and carapace width (CW) with range of 16.56-40.94 mm and 26.08-63.11 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, females had carapace size with CL 17.44-33.79 mm and CW of 24.01-54.54 mm. A total of 814 bp sequence data was obtained. Based on genetic distance and phylogenetic analysis, specimens of M. victor from the western and eastern of the Java coastline had genetic similarity. This result suggests that gene flow occurs between locations. It can be concluded that the M. victor in these locations may have the same ancestor and provided distribution patterns of this species.
Antibacterial activity assay of marine fungal extract Aspergillus terreus (WB 1-2) against Escherichia coli cause of Colibacillosis disease
Authors: Kurnia A D , Suharti S , Tarman K
Published: July 2024

Colibacillosis is an infectious disease caused by Escherichia coli in ruminants and poultry. Marine fungi contain bioactive and antibacterial compounds. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of extracts of endophytic marine fungal isolates associated with mangrove Aspergillus terreus (WB 1-2) to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacteria E. coli. The research was carried out using several stages of fungal cultivation, extraction of active compounds, and in vitro tests of antibacterial activity. Extraction was performed by the maceration method using ethyl acetate and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. Testing of antibacterial activity using the paper disc diffusion method. The measured parameter was the magnitude of the inhibitory diameter formed around the disc paper. The concentrations of the samples used were 0.5, 1, and 2 mg. Ethyl acetate (sample solvent) was used as a negative control, and chloramphenicol was used as a positive control. The results showed that extract of Aspergillus terreus (WB 1-2) showed the highest inhibition zone at a 2 mg/µL concentration of 17.60±5.35 mm was categorised as strong and had bacteriocidal activity.
The Application of Kebar Grass (Biophytum umbraculum) Extract for Enhancing the Growth and Survival of Male Broodstock Catfish (Clarias sp.)
Authors: Lutfi L , Sudrajat A O , Widanarni W , Boediono A , Carman O , Wahjuningrum D
Published: July 2024

The present research studies the effects of kebar grass extract on the growth and enhancement reproduction of male broodstock catfish. Employing three distinct methods of administration ethanol extract injection, the simplicia method, and traditional extraction this research assesses their impact on the test fish development and survival. The results indicate that the ethanol extract injection method is most effective, yielding the highest body weight gain (520±3.06 g) and the greatest specific growth rate (0.73±0.07% per day). Additionally, this method also recorded the lowest feed conversion ratio (2.58±0.34). Across all methods utilizing kebar grass extract, a 100±0.00% survival rate was observed. The study also monitored water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (4.1 - 6.2 ppm), temperature (26.8 - 27.8 °C), pH (4.4 - 6.8), alkalinity (102.70 - 157.31 mg/L), ammonia (1.400 - 2.989 mg.L−1), and nitrite (0.3 - 0.7 mg.L−1), which were maintained within suitable ranges for catfish cultivation.
Ethnographic and plant utilization: A case study of the Penguluh Tribe, Jambi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Marpaung S S M , Rahmila Y I , Has D H , Setiawan T , Nugroho S P A
Published: July 2024

The Penguluh Tribe is a local community in the Bukit Bulan Karst mountain area in Limun District, Sarolangun Regency, especially in the Limun River basin. Four villages comprise the Penguluh Tribe: Napal Melintang, Meribung, Mersip, and Temalang. Muslim members constitute the majority of the Penguluh Tribe. While the general language of the Penguluh community is Jambi Malay, the Jambi dialect of Padang is utilized in daily life. Agricultural livelihoods, gardening, gold panning, and forest and non-timber products. The knowledge system of the Penguluh Tribe is characterized by the discovery of artefacts (ancient writing or drawings) in Kandang Kerbau Cave, Air Lului Cave, Kasai Cave, Sekdes Cave, Lumut Cave, Limau Kape Cave and Gunsiu Cave. Primary data about the utilization of food and medicinal plants were acquired via snowball sampling techniques and in-depth interviews with informants concerning the varieties of food and medicinal plants employed by the Penguluh Tribe. Village communities still use traditional methods to treat various diseases, such as durian (Durio zibethinus), the leaves used as a potion to treat fever, and the fruit, which is also used as food.
The prospects for the use of drone technology in the avian ecology research in Indonesia
Authors: Mardiastuti A , Mulyani Y A
Published: July 2024

Drone technology has been expanding very fast in forestry and wildlife management, mainly for studying land-use, resource inventory, and wildlife population. The aim of the paper was to explore the prospects for the use of drones for studying wild birds in the tropical country of Indonesia. An intensive comparative literature study was performed, and a trial of behavioral study on a waterbird species was conducted. Drones for studying wild birds have been intensively used in the United States-Canada, Europe, and Australia. Common research topics were population study (especially at the difficult-to-reach habitat such as in Alaska, vast wetlands), monitoring (mainly breeding stages) and habitat selection. Large-sized birds nesting at the open area were excellent research objects. In Indonesia, very few trial research has been conducted, with waterbirds as target. Trial field study on the milky stork breeding behavior suggested that small drones can be used successfully. Challenges in the tropics were mostly weather condition (i.e., strong wind and heavy rain). The prospects to use drone for avian research in Indonesia is promising, although so far only targeted the large birds having a visible open nests such as waterbirds and raptors. Further research is needed to include many other bird groups.
Study of Binahong Leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Potency as an Herbal Feed Additive for Lactating Dairy Animals
Authors: Yolanda D E , Alfitra A F , Apriliana T W , Evvyernie D , Rohaeni E S , Bakrie B , Priyatno T P , Ahmad S N , Affif U
Published: July 2024

This study aims to investigate the potential of binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) as an herbal feed additive to address subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy animals. The extracted leaves were collected through a 95% ethanol maceration process, and the phytochemical content was subsequently analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and UV-visible spectrophotometry. Furthermore, the antibacterial potential was tested with extract concentrations ranging from 5% to 30% using the zone of inhibition method against bacteria causing subclinical mastitis, such as Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The data were analyzed descriptively. The research findings indicate that binahong leaves extract contains polyphenols and saponins, supported by quantitative results, namely, 6.11 mg total phenols, 71.80 mg total flavonoids, 2.22% total saponins, 3.81% total tannins, and 233.33 μg/mL antioxidants. In 10-15% extract concentration, an average inhibition zone of approximately 10 mm was achieved. It can be concluded that binahong leaf extract at concentrations of 10-15%, containing high levels of flavonoids and antioxidants, has strong potential as an herbal feed additive to address subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy animals.
Substitution potential of black soldier fly larvae meal (Hermetia illucens) for meat bone meal in IPB-D1 chicken diets
Authors: Nahrowi  , Sabrina D N , Mutia R , Dharmajati K
Published: July 2024

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae present a promising and sustainable solution for high protein feed, given their rich nutrient profile and minimal environmental impact. This study examined the effects of substituting meat bone meal (MBM) with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM), both regular and defatted, on the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of IPB-D1 chickens. Three hundred IPB-D1 day-old chicks were randomly allocated to three treatment diets with 10 replications each; P1 = diet containing 5% MBM, P2 = diet containing 5% BSFLM, and P3 = diet containing 5% defatted BSFLM, reared for 11 weeks. Data of feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality were collected and analized using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test. The result indicated that 5% defatted BSFLM increased body weight gain and decreased FCR value compared to 5% MBM and 5% BSFLM diets, with no significant effect on performance except for feed intake. In conclusion, the defatted black soldier fly larvae meal can substitute meat bone meal in IPB-D1 chicken diets.
The effect of endophytic halotolerant bacteria inoculation in the development of soybean seedling under salinity stress
Authors: Handayani D P , Adityansah R , Sulastri  , Saryanah N A
Published: July 2024

Salinity stress affects more than 20% of the world’s agricultural area, which causes a decrease in productivity by increasing osmotic pressure, reducing water absorption, diminishing nodulation, and inhibiting soybean seed germination and seedling growth. Using symbiotic microbes is an effective biotechnique for improving salinity resilience in agriculture, especially for seedling development. This study aims to investigate the impact of halotolerant bacteria on plant growth and biochemical parameters of soybeans in saline environment. The experiment involved Devon 1 soybean variety and four endophytic halotolerant bacteria namely B0 (control), B3 (ACC-deaminase production bacteria), B4 (N2-fixing bacteria), and B5 (IAA production bacteria + Phosphate Solubilizing (PS) bacteria + ACC-deaminase production bacteria + N2-fixing bacteria). Hoagland solution was used as the germination medium, and NaCl was added at doses of 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 mM to create the salinity stress treatment. The results showed that halotolerant bacteria treatment of B3, B4, and B5 enhances the tolerance of Devon 1 soybean seeds to salinity stress and potential as PGP which is found to stimulate plant development and promote the growth of Devon 1 even under high salinity conditions of up to 80 mM.
Assessment Of Environmental Quality In Urban Schools Classrooms in Bekasi, Indonesia
Authors: Kusumaningtiar DA , Azteria V , Veronika E , Anggara TR
Published: July 2024

Environmental quality in urban schools is a major factor that can reduce the quality of life in cities. Although people’s exposure to environmental noise has become a global concern, most cities still experience noise levels that interfere with human activities. This aims to assess the impact of environmental noise in the vicinity of primary schools. Environmental quality measurements consist of noise, temperature, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and humidity measurements. Environmental quality measurements were conducted in 30 schools. Noise, CO, and CO2 measurements were taken in front of the school and temperature and humidity measurements were taken in the bathroom. The measurement results show that 100% of the noise level in the school is unqualified, the average CO2 concentration of the school is qualified, the average school temperature is still unqualified at above 90%, the average humidity level in the school is unqualified which is still above 50% while the CO concentration of 100% of the school is qualified. Recommendations to schools should pay attention to the level of humidity and temperature in the bathroom by providing better circulation.
Standardization of Phomopsis sp. extract and prediction of anti breast cancer activity from the main compound through molecular docking
Authors: Husnawati H , Kusmardi K , Andrianto D , Julistiono H , Mulyadi M , Setianingrum N , Artika I M , Hasan A E Z
Published: July 2024

Endophytic fungi isolated from Indonesian soursop (Annona muricata) leaves, which have the potential to treat breast cancer, have been successfully isolated since 2016. Identification based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene revealed that fungi close to Phomopsis sp. The fungi were stored, subcultured, and extracted with ethyl acetate for in vitro and in vivo studies. To be registered as a medicinal ingredient and meet the requirements of the Indonesian Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM, Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan), it is necessary to ensure the standardization, safety, and quality of the Phomopsis extract. The results showed that the Phomopsis extract met the BPOM requirements for organoleptic, water, and solvent content, microbial and heavy metal contamination, total aflatoxin, and metabolite content. Analysis of the Phomopsis extract content also showed that the compounds in the two production batches were stable, with the highest relative abundance of 7-hydroxycoumarin. In silico studies with molecular docking show that the affinity energy of 7-hydroxycoumarin docking with the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) has a lower negativity value than the comparison ligand (-6.7 and -6.8 kcal/mol).
On quantum states for angular position and angular momentum of light
Authors: Skagerstam Bo-Sture K , Rekdal Per K
Published: July 2024

In the present paper we construct a properly defined quantum state

ψ
(
θ
)

expressed in terms of elliptic Jacobi theta functions for the self-adjoint observables angular position θ and the corresponding angular momentum operator

L
=
−
i

d

/

d

θ

in units of

ℏ
=
1

. The quantum uncertainties Δθ and ΔL for the state are well-defined and are shown to give a lower value of the uncertainty product

Δ
θ
Δ
L

in contrast to the so called minimal uncertainty states as discussed in Franke-Arnold et al (2004 New J. Phys.
6 103-1-8). The mean value

⟨
L
⟩

of the state

ψ
(
θ
)

is not required to be an integer. In the case of any half-integer mean value

⟨
L
⟩

the state constructed exhibits a remarkable critical behavior with upper and lower bounds

Δ
θ
=

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Configurable lateral optical forces from twisted mixed-dimensional MoO3 homostructures
Authors: Yan Qizhi , Chen Runkun , Li Peining , Zhang Xinliang
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the concept of hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) has revolutionized the field of nanophotonic, enabling unprecedented control over light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. Here, we theoretically propose and study the lateral optical forces in twisted mixed-dimensional MoO3 homostructures. Assisted with the low-symmetry HPPs, we realize a lateral optical force exerted on the Au nanoparticles near the surface of mixed-dimensional MoO3 homostructures with a linear polarized incident light. By controlling the polarization state, incident angle of light and the twisted angle of MoO3, the amplitude and direction of the lateral optical forces can be tailored in the mid-infrared range. Our findings provide a new platform for engineering lateral optical forces to manipulate diverse objects in a flexible and efficient manner.
Hope and the Virtue of Creative Resolve
Authors: Hassoun Nicole
Published: July 2024

Vast swaths of humanity live in desperate poverty. Many suffer from oppression, terrible violence, and disease. Moreover, everyone remains incredibly vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic threats like climate change and pandemics. So, some may deny we should try to help people live minimally well because doing so seems hopeless. Others may worry that, in trying to help others, we will risk our own ability to live well enough. How we should respond to such apparent tragedy? This chapter argues that by cultivating a new virtue that I call creative resolve we can help many people live at least minimally good lives. This virtue requires us to try hard to come up with new ways of helping people live good (enough) lives. Although creative resolve does not appear on canonical lists of the virtues, it can help us overcome apparent tragedy and ensure that people everywhere flourish.
Jack Lindsay, Socialist Humanism, and the Communist Historical Novel
Authors: Connor John T
Published: July 2024

This chapter introduces Jack Lindsay as the major theorist and practitioner of the ‘revolutionary historical novel’ in Britain and another case study of the national turn. One of Britain’s most visible communist writers during the cultural Cold War, Lindsay first made his name through a cluster of initiatives in 1920s Sydney and London to propagate the art and opinions of his father, the Australian artist Norman Lindsay. This version of Australian modernism held national culture and identity in contempt, but as a Popular Front convert to communism and later champion of socialist realism, Lindsay had to revise his position. He became a leading proponent of ‘revolutionary nationhood’, privileging British traditions of democratic struggle and advancing a national-popular aesthetic. But his vision of the socialist horizon as a world without alienation kept faith with his earliest Australian investments, and these informed his contribution to the debates that in the late 1950s launched the British New Left.
Jacobean to Early Stuart
Authors: Verweij Sebastiaan
Published: July 2024

This chapter reviews the potential for impact of a Scottish poetics on early-Stuart English literary culture around the succession of James VI/I (1603). It identifies four sites of convergence: first, a Jacobean poetics shaped by the pre-1603 court cultures of James VI; second, a Scottish Protestant poetry; third, the emergence of newly fashioned identities for poets and writers (the ‘Scoto-Britains’); and fourth, the interchange of books and manuscripts across the border, which also saw some Scottish poets in English printed collections, and the appearance of English and Scottish poetry alongside each other in manuscript verse anthologies. Much traditional criticism of seventeenth-century English poetry ignores what cultural imports the newly crowned king may have brought with him, and so this chapter argues that there was in fact a dynamic relationship between aspects of Scottish and English poetry and poetics.
Poetry, Publishers, and Print
Authors: Depledge Emma
Published: July 2024

This chapter focuses on the three most prominent publishers in seventeenth-century London—Humphrey Moseley, Henry Herringman, and Jacob Tonson—to demonstrate how stationers helped to craft the canon of English poetry through what they published, the material forms in which it circulated, and also through what they chose not to publish. As illustrated through analysis of print editions of John Milton, John Dryden, and Katherine Philips, a book’s format, mis-en-page, typeface, paratexts, price, contents, paper, and the arrangement of poetic texts within it all shape meaning, access, and collection habits in important ways. Further, the chapter argues that texts and authors were not simply selected for publication on the basis of perceived commercial demand but also to correspond to the professional strategies and ambitions of individual publishers. Thus, in helping to canonise specific authors and poems, publishers often sought not simply to make money but also to shape their own reputation and legacy.
Poetic Miscellanies in Manuscript and Print
Authors: O’Callaghan Michelle
Published: July 2024

The term ‘miscellany’ slowly and unevenly came into usage across the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in its modern sense to refer to a book compiled of literary compositions of various kinds and by multiple authors. Looking across early modern miscellanies, it is noticeable that there was no fixed formula or structure in either manuscript or print. Instead, miscellanies are distinguished by an instructive diversity of practice, whether in relation to organising principles, attribution of authorship, or skill. Manuscript verse miscellanies flourished alongside printed collections in the seventeenth century and were produced at universities, the Inns of Court, and in households, both elite and non-elite. Although the history of miscellany production is not evolutionary, progressing incrementally towards stability as a class of books, looking across the seventeenth century, it is possible to see shifts in how miscellanies are framed, the types of poetry they collect, practices of attribution, and how readerships are imagined.
Rhetoric and Figurative Language: Metaphor
Authors: Read Sophie
Published: July 2024

This chapter concerns the development of attitudes towards rhetoric in the seventeenth century, following its mixed fortunes in the face of ideological challenges from the political upheavals of the civil war and the new science. It sets out the educational and literary background, before turning to metaphor as a central rhetorical trope: there are detailed close readings showing how the figure of metaphor works logistically, and outlining some of the difficulties and anxieties surrounding its operation. The chapter then suggests some reasons for why figurative language and rhetoric more generally might have fallen out of favour in the later seventeenth century; it concludes by suggesting that, although formal rhetorical learning was in decline in this period, figurative language adapted and lived on in post-Restoration poetry.
Allusion
Authors: Green Mandy
Published: July 2024

Seventeenth-century poetry was steeped in allusion to the Bible, the Roman Augustan poets, especially Horace, Virgil, and Ovid, and increasingly to other poets writing in English and other European vernaculars. Such allusiveness proved a rich resource for poets whose readers belonged to a shared poetic tradition; their work could be extended and enriched by a strategy of deliberate allusion, enjoining the reader to uncover the significance of what lies beneath the surface meaning. At the centre of Milton’s Garden of Eden is Eve, glimpsed as both like and unlike Ovid’s Proserpine, but the defining quality of this pastoral paradise is the first couple’s love for one another. On a smaller scale, Marvell distils a different vision of paradisal delight in his solitary pastoral retreat, ‘The Garden’. In the seventeenth century, allusion created vibrant effects in the art of a miniaturist, as in an expansive canvas such as Milton’s epic poem, Paradise Lost.
Sonnet
Authors: Netzley Ryan
Published: July 2024

The sonnet in the seventeenth century becomes a disarticulated, stand-alone entity, in contradistinction to the sonnet sequences that dominate the 1590s. One result of that change is an enhanced obsession with the relationship between a poem and the social world it inhabits. In becoming an individual poem, as opposed to one in a series, the sonnet ceases to be an exercise in serial contemplation and becomes instead a distinct moment or act of deliberation. This chapter examines sonnets by eight authors and explores how this poetic form contributes to the notion of a literature that acts and has real effects in the social world—as opposed to a vision of self-contained, escapist aesthetics. These poems pose important challenges to literature’s pedagogical utility, and an understanding of poetics inherited from Sidney and Horace, as well as more modern accounts of poetry’s performative action.
Epigram
Authors: Coiro Ann Baynes
Published: July 2024

The epigram, an ancient form, is both fundamental to humanist education and shapes new ways of thinking in the seventeenth century. The epigram’s classical models, Martial and the Greek Anthology, arrange epigrams into networks. Martial arranges his epigrams in groups of about a hundred, conveying a self that interacts with and observes contemporary society. The Greek Anthology gathers thousands of strikingly heterogeneous epigrams, and this more expansive model of gathering rivals Martial’s or subsumes it during the seventeenth century. Emblems develop inscriptions into image, motto, and epigram. Visual and concrete, seventeenth-century epigrams abet new scientific thinking. Assembled in networks, they allow new political and philosophical speculation. Concise, witty, and often tightly rhymed, they shape English writing from the sonnet through the prose essay, from metaphysical poetry through the heroic couplet’s dominance. The seventeenth-century epigram is exemplified by eight paired poets: Donne and Jonson; Herbert and Crashaw; Herrick and Cavendish; Marvell and Milton.
Georgic
Authors: Lobis Seth
Published: July 2024

With roots in Hesiod’s Works and Days, Virgil’s Georgics, and the Bible, seventeenth-century English georgic was a diverse, flexible genre. Recognition of the diversity and flexibility of early modern English georgic has served to correct a long-standing literary-historical tendency to regard the genre as if it were buried in barren ground until its eighteenth-century efflorescence. A less rigidly imitative view of seventeenth-century georgic, one neither narrowly fixed on the Virgilian model nor disconnected from it, reveals a richly varied landscape of works markedly different in scope and style: vast and copious, like Michael Drayton’s Poly-Olbion; classically restrained, like Jonson’s estate poems; loco-reflective, like Denham’s Cooper’s Hill; exploratory and extravagant, like Marvell’s ‘Upon Appleton House’; stately and historical, like Dryden’s Annus Mirabilis; and universal and intimate, like Milton’s Paradise Lost.