bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public procurement for innovation and civil preparedness: a policy-practice gap
Authors: Storsjö Isabell Therese , Kachali Hlekiwe
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to give a deeper understanding of public procurement for innovation and civil preparedness. The paper focuses on how the policy goals of innovation and preparedness are implemented in procurement practice, and explores the issues that affect innovation- and preparedness-oriented procurement.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is exploratory and based on empirical data from semi-structured interviews with 92 informants in the healthcare, energy and water services sectors in Finland. Interview data were analysed using a coding template, and further categorised to answer the research questions.

Findings

The study brings to light how procurers perceive the different but overlapping policy goals of innovation and preparedness, and whether and how the policy goals are turned into outcomes in the procurement process.

Research limitations/implications

The data were collected from case sectors in Finland. However, considering the adoption of European Union legislation, some of the findings are generalisable in other sectors, organisations and countries.

Practical implications

The paper highlights aspects that can aid procurers, suppliers and policy-makers in understanding how public procurement can be an instrument linking innovation and civil preparedness.

Social implications

It cannot be overemphasised that populations are exposed to more and, arguably, greater hazards. Public authorities can use innovative solutions and processes in meeting multiple objectives such as everyday societal needs as well as civil preparedness and planning.

Originality/value

Such research, purposely sampling case sectors providing critical services, has not been undertaken before in Finland. This work provides valuable information for organisations involved in public procurement, innovation and civil preparedness.
Are the factors affecting satisfaction and actual purchase the same? Comparisons between unplanned and planned purchase
Authors: Yang Sujin , Lee Yun Jung
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the antecedents of actual purchase behavior vs satisfaction at the point of purchase and the antecedents of actual unplanned vs planned purchase behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

By using both survey and actual purchase data from a total of 3,300 shoppers of a Korean fast fashion brand, the multivariate regression analysis and two separate logistic regression analyses were compared to respond to the research questions.

Findings

The noticeable point of the findings is that the factors influencing the level of satisfaction and the probability to purchase were different. As common factors for both actual purchase and satisfaction, value for money, and affordable price are the first things that the practitioners have to keep in mind when developing a strategy for fast fashion stores. However, unplanned shoppers, who are over half of buyers, are negatively influenced by the affordable prices in their buying decisions.

Practical implications

The results of this study have implications for the retailers, especially those selling fast fashion products in South Korea.

Originality/value

The current study has merit because of its use of secondary data collected by a large marketing research company on Korean domestic fast fashion brand. In particular, the combination of the large sample survey data collected right after shopping and the actual receipt of purchase has its unique value.
Wetting properties of Nd:YAG laser treated copper by SAC solders
Authors: Hlinka József , Berczeli Miklós , Buza Gábor , Weltsch Zoltán
Published: April 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the effect of surface treatment on the wettability between copper and a lead-free solder paste. The industrial applications of laser technologies are increasing constantly. A specific laser treatment can modify the surface energy of copper and affect the wetting properties.

Design/methodology/approach

The surfaces of copper plates were treated using an Nd:YAG laser with varying laser powers. After laser surface treatment, wetting experiments were performed between the copper plates and SAC305 lead-free solder paste. The effect of laser treatment on copper surface was analysed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Findings

The experimental results showed that the wetting contact angles changed with the variation in laser power. Furthermore, it means that the surface energy of copper plates was changed by the laser treatment. The results demonstrated that the contact angles also changed when a different soldering paste was used.

Originality/value

Previous laser surface treatment can be a possible way to optimize the wettability between solders and substrates and to increase the quality of the soldered joints.
Effect of nano-Cu addition on microstructure evolution of Sn0.7Ag0.5Cu-BiNi/Cu solder joint
Authors: Ban Gaofang , Sun Fenglian , Liu Yang , Cong Shaonan
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the fabrication of SnAgCu (SAC) nanocomposites solder and study the effect of Cu nanopowders (nano-Cu) addition on the microstructure evolution of resultant nanocomposite solder after reflow and thermal aging.

Design/methodology/approach

Mechanical mixing is used in this work to incorporate nanoparticles into the solder and produce more homogeneous mixture. Standard metallographic procedures are applied for microstructural analysis of solder joints.

Findings

It is found that nano-Cu doped into Sn0.7Ag0.5Cu-BiNi solder has no appreciable influence on melting temperature of the composite solder. The addition of Cu nanoparticles refines the microstructure of bulk solder and suppresses the growth of interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) layers. However, interfacial IMC grain size increases slightly after 1.0 per cent nano-Cu added.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates a method of nano-composite solder paste preparation by means of mechanical mixing and a comparison study of the microstructure evolution of composite solder with the basic SAC solder.
How fields vary
Authors: Krause Monika
Published: April 2017

Field theorists have long insisted that research needs to pay attention to the particular properties of each field studied. But while much field‐theoretical research is comparative, either explicitly or implicitly, scholars have only begun to develop the language for describing the dimensions along which fields can be similar to and different from each other. In this context, this paper articulates an agenda for the analysis of variable properties of fields. It discusses variation in the degree but also in the kind of field autonomy. It discusses different dimensions of variation in field structure: fields can be more or less contested, and more or less hierarchical. The structure of symbolic oppositions in a field may take different forms. Lastly, it analyses the dimensions of variation highlighted by research on fields on the sub‐ and transnational scale. Post‐national analysis allows us to ask how fields relate to fields of the same kind on different scales, and how fields relate to fields on the same scale in other national contexts. It allows us to ask about the role resources from other scales play in structuring symbolic oppositions within fields. A more fine‐tuned vocabulary for field variation can help us better describe particular fields and it is a precondition for generating hypotheses about the conditions under which we can expect to observe fields with specified characteristics.
Human resource management innovation in health care: the institutionalisation of new support roles
Authors: Kessler Ian , Heron Paul , Spilsbury Karen
Published: April 2017

This article draws upon the notion of an ‘HRM innovation’ to explore the development of two new work roles in different health‐care settings. Arguing that the establishment of a new work role represents a distinctive form of HRM innovation, the article elaborates on and refines an influential theoretical model on how and why such roles become institutionalised. Principally, based on interview data from key actors actively engaged with the new roles, the article elaborates by focusing on underdeveloped features of this theoretical model, identifying a range of micro‐processes underpinning the emergence and acceptance of the new work roles. In refining, the article highlights the fragility of new work roles, the contribution of key actors to their development and the interaction between workplace, organisation and system‐level processes in their emergence and acceptance.
HRM and innovation: a multi‐level organisational learning perspective
Authors: Lin Cai‐Hui (Veronica) , Sanders Karin
Published: April 2017

Drawing on the 4I organisational learning framework, this article develops a model to explain the multi‐level and cross‐level relationships between HRM practices and innovation. Individual‐, team‐ and organisational‐level learning stocks are theorised to explain how HRM practices affect innovation at a given level. Feed‐forward and feedback learning flows explain how cross‐level effects of HRM practices on innovation take place. In addition, we propose that HRM practices fostering individual‐, team‐ and organisational‐level learning should form a coherent system to facilitate the emergence of innovation. The article is concluded with discussions on its contributions and potential future research directions.
The role of HRM in facilitating team ambidexterity
Authors: Jørgensen Frances , Becker Karen
Published: April 2017

Although the role of HRM in supporting ambidexterity has been loosely conceptualised, little is known about how HRM contributes to exploitative and explorative activities in practice. Further, whereas research has linked HRM to innovation broadly at individual and organisational levels, there has been minimal focus on how HRM supports innovation in teams. Using qualitative case studies in two software development firms, we examine how different approaches to HRM support different types of ambidexterity in teams. The findings demonstrate that there is no one best way for HRM to facilitate team ambidexterity, but it is critical to align the HRM practices with the team context. Additionally, our findings suggest that while an integrated HRM system that exploits synergies between HRM practices can encourage ambidexterity for some organisations, an approach aimed at emphasising the independent effects of a few key HRM practices may be an effective alternative for others.
Computed tomography and clinical features associated with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in stage I/II lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zou Jiawei , Lv Tangfeng , Zhu Suhua , Lu Zhenfeng , Shen Qin , Xia Leilei , Wu Jie , Song Yong , Liu Hongbing
Published: April 2017

Background

The relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation status, preoperative computed tomography (CT), and clinical features in patients with small peripheral lung adenocarcinoma (<3 cm) was investigated.

Methods

We included 209 patients who underwent surgical resection for stage I or II lung adenocarcinoma at Nanjing General Hospital between December 2010 and May 2016. 171 cases of patients underwent a pretreatment chest CT. Eleven different CT descriptors were assessed. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for the prediction of EGFR mutation. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the logistic regression model.

Results

EGFR mutation was determined in 126 patients (60.3%) and appeared more frequently in women (
P
 = 0.025), never‐smokers (
P
 < 0.001), and patients with a carcinoembryonic antigen level <2.6 ng/ml (
P
 = 0.045). Papillary predominant adenocarcinomas (
P
 = 0.014), intermediate/low pathologic grade tumors (
P
 = 0.003), tumors in the upper lobe (
P
 = 0.028), and showing ground‐glass opacity (GGO) or mixed GGO on CT (
P
 = 0.039) also more frequently harbored EGFR mutations. GGO on CT, acinar or papillary predominant adenocarcinoma, and non‐smoker were identified in multivariable analyses as significantly independent risk factors. The multiple logistic regression model showed high predictive power for identifying EGFR mutations. The CT features were similar between the L858R and 19 deletion mutations.

Conclusions

Combined CT and clinical features may be helpful for determining the presence of EGFR mutations in patients with small peripheral lung adenocarcinoma, particularly in patients where mutational profiling is not available or possible.
(Re‐)Locating the Local and National in the Global: Multi‐Scalar Political Alignment in Transnational European Dockworker Union Campaigns
Authors: Fox‐Hodess Katy
Published: April 2017

Labour activists have called for greater international co‐ordination among trade unions in response to the assault on organized labour by global capital, but such co‐ordination faces many hurdles. Under what conditions can unions overcome those barriers and co‐ordinate effectively to achieve campaign goals? I examine this question through a comparison of European‐level international solidarity with Portuguese, Greek and English affiliates of the International Dockworkers Council involved in labour disputes. The divergent outcomes of otherwise similar cases reveal the critical role of politics and strategy at different scales and sites of union organization in determining the successful exercise of labour internationalism.
Transbody against virus core protein potently inhibits hepadnavirus replication in vivo: evidence from a duck model of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Li Yiping , Liu Zhengwen , Hui Lingyun , Liu Xi , Feng Ai , Wang Wei , Zhang Lin , Li Na , Zhou Guoqing , Wang Quanli , Han Qunying , Lv Yi , Wang Quanying , Yang Guangxiao , Wang Yawen
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose

The therapeutic management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections remains challenging, and novel antiviral strategies are urgently required. The HBV transbody, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against human HBcAg coupled with the trans‐activator of transcription protein transduction domain (TAT PTD), was previously shown to possess cell‐penetrating ability and potent antiviral activity in vitro. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of the HBcMAb‐TAT PTD conjugate in vivo in a duck model of HBV.

Experimental Approach

Female Peking ducks were injected i.p. with 0.03‐0.3 mg·kg−1·day−1 of the DHBV transbody (DHBcMAb‐TAT PTD conjugate) for 30 days. Serum DHBV DNA levels and liver DHBV DNA and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) loads were determined at scheduled time points. Immunohistological examination of DHBcAg in the duck liver was also performed.

Key Results

The DHBV transbody significantly reduced the serum and liver DHBV DNA levels at doses of 0.1 and 0.3 mg·kg−1·day−1 and liver cccDNA levels at a dose of 0.3 mg·kg−1·day−1 after 30 days of treatment. The suppressive effects of the DHBV transbody at 0.3 mg·kg−1·day−1 on the serum and liver DHBV DNA and liver cccDNA levels remained significant, even at 15 days after treatment cessation. Similarly, immunohistochemistry of liver sections revealed decreased DHBcAg levels within hepatocytes 15 days after treatment termination.

Conclusions and Implications

The DHBV transbody inhibits DHBV replication and possesses potent anti‐DHBV activities in vivo. The cell‐permeable antibody against the virus core antigen may be developed as a novel treatment for patients with hepadnavirus infections.
The role of NMDA receptor‐dependent activity of noradrenergic neurons in attention, impulsivity and exploratory behaviors
Authors: Cieślak P. E. , Llamosas N. , Kos T. , Ugedo L. , Jastrzębska K. , Torrecilla M. , Rodriguez Parkitna J.
Published: April 2017

Activity of the brain's noradrenergic (NA) neurons plays a major role in cognitive processes, including the ability to adapt behavior to changing environmental circumstances. Here, we used the NR1DbhCre transgenic mouse strain to test how NMDA receptor‐dependent activity of NA neurons influenced performance in tasks requiring sustained attention, attentional shifting and a trade‐off between exploration and exploitation. We found that the loss of NMDA receptors caused irregularity in activity of NA cells in the locus coeruleus and increased the number of neurons with spontaneous burst firing. On a behavioral level, this was associated with increased impulsivity in the go/no‐go task and facilitated attention shifts in the attentional set‐shifting task. Mutation effects were also observed in the two‐armed bandit task, in which mutant mice were generally more likely to employ an exploitative rather than exploratory decision‐making strategy. At the same time, the mutation had no appreciable effects on locomotor activity or anxiety‐like behavior in the open field. Taken together, these data show that NMDA receptor‐dependent activity of brain's NA neurons influences behavioral flexibility.
The PD‐1 expressing immune phenotype of T cell exhaustion is prominent in the ‘immunoreactive’ microenvironment of colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Prall Friedrich , Hühns Maja
Published: April 2017

Aims

This study was designed to test programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) expression of T cells, the hallmark of T cell exhaustion, in different ‘immune‐classes’ of colorectal carcinoma microenvironments as delineated by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis.

Methods and results

A tissue microarray was made with punches from the invasive margins of 40 microsatellite‐unstable and 34 microsatellite‐stable colorectal carcinomas. Immune cells were phenotyped by CD8, granzyme B, CD4, FoxP3, CD68, S‐100, PD‐1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) immunohistochemistry; tumour area per tissue spot was quantified by cytokeratin (CK)18 immunohistochemistry. For each tissue spot, intra‐epithelial immune cells were counted and densities of the various immune cells were calculated. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis with these data yielded a group of ‘anergic/immune‐naive’ microenvironments (47.3%), a group of ‘intermediates’ (27.0%) and a group of ‘immunoreactives’ (25.7%) in which PD‐1 expressing T cells were prominent. Sixteen of 19 tissue spots representing immunoreactive microenvironments derived from microsatellite‐unstable tumours and three were from microsatellite‐stable tumours. Further phenotyping of intra‐epithelial T cells by sequential immunohistochemistry showed frequent granzyme B/CD8 co‐expression, whereas PD‐1/CD8 co‐expression was more variable. Using receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, assignment to immune classes was seen to be feasible with good sensitivity and specificity by CD8 counts only.

Conclusion

A subset of colorectal carcinoma microenvironments is distinguished from the rest by an immune cell composition suggestive of active host anti‐tumour immune defence, but this appears to be antagonized by a brisk undercurrent of T cell exhaustion. This observation may have implications for selecting colorectal carcinoma patients for immune checkpoint therapy.
Characterization of three new HLA Class I Alleles in Spanish Caucasians, HLA‐A*02:620, HLA‐B*27:150 and HLA‐B*07:05:01:02
Authors: Balas A. , Planelles D. , Montesinos P. , Solano C. , Vicario J. L.
Published: April 2017

Three new HLA class I alleles, HLA‐A*02:620, HLA‐B*27:150 and HLA‐B*07:05:01:02, were described in the Spanish Caucasoid population.
Cellular and extracellular miRNAs are blood‐compartment‐specific diagnostic targets in sepsis
Authors: Reithmair Marlene , Buschmann Dominik , Märte Melanie , Kirchner Benedikt , Hagl Daniel , Kaufmann Ines , Pfob Martina , Chouker Alexander , Steinlein Ortrud K. , Pfaffl Michael W. , Schelling Gustav
Published: April 2017

Septic shock is a common medical condition with a mortality approaching 50% where early diagnosis and treatment are of particular importance for patient survival. Novel biomarkers that serve as prompt indicators of sepsis are urgently needed. High‐throughput technologies assessing circulating microRNAs represent an important tool for biomarker identification, but the blood‐compartment specificity of these miRNAs has not yet been investigated. We characterized miRNA profiles from serum exosomes, total serum and blood cells (leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets) of sepsis patients by next‐generation sequencing and RT‐qPCR (n = 3 × 22) and established differences in miRNA expression between blood compartments. In silico analysis was used to identify compartment‐specific signalling functions of differentially regulated miRNAs in sepsis‐relevant pathways. In septic shock, a total of 77 and 103 miRNAs were down‐ and up‐regulated, respectively. A majority of these regulated miRNAs (14 in serum, 32 in exosomes and 73 in blood cells) had not been previously associated with sepsis. We found a distinctly compartment‐specific regulation of miRNAs between sepsis patients and healthy volunteers. Blood cellular miR‐199b‐5p was identified as a potential early indicator for sepsis and septic shock. miR‐125b‐5p and miR‐26b‐5p were uniquely regulated in exosomes and serum, respectively, while one miRNA (miR‐27b‐3p) was present in all three compartments. The expression of sepsis‐associated miRNAs is compartment‐specific. Exosome‐derived miRNAs contribute significant information regarding sepsis diagnosis and survival prediction and could serve as newly identified targets for the development of novel sepsis biomarkers.
p53 regulates ERK1/2/CREB cascade via a novel SASH1/MAP2K2 crosstalk to induce hyperpigmentation
Authors: Zhou Ding'an , Kuang Zhongshu , Zeng Xing , Wang Ke , Ma Jiangshu , Luo Huangchao , Chen Mei , Li Yan , Zeng Jiawei , Li Shu , Luan Fujun , He Yong , Dai Hongying , Liu Beizhong , Li Hui , He Lin , Xing Qinghe
Published: April 2017

We previously reported that three point mutations in SASH1 and mutated SASH1 promote melanocyte migration in dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) and a novel p53/POMC/Gαs/SASH1 autoregulatory positive feedback loop is regulated by SASH1 mutations to induce pathological hyperpigmentation phenotype. However, the underlying mechanism of molecular regulation to cause this hyperpigmentation disorder still remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism undergirding hyperpigmentation in the dyschromatosis disorder. Our results revealed that SASH1 binds with MAP2K2 and is induced by p53‐POMC‐MC1R signal cascade to enhance the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 and CREB. Moreover, increase in phosphorylated ERK1/2 and CREB levels and melanogenesis‐specific molecules is induced by mutated SASH1 alleles. Together, our results suggest that a novel SASH1/MAP2K2 crosstalk connects ERK1/2/CREB cascade with p53‐POMC‐MC1R cascade to cause hyperpigmentation phenotype of DUH.
Predicting Concentrations of Ultrafine Particles and Volatile Organic Compounds Resulting from Desktop 3D Printer Operation and the Impact of Potential Control Strategies
Authors: Azimi Parham , Fazli Torkan , Stephens Brent
Published: April 2017

Recent studies have shown that potentially hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ultrafine particles (UFPs) are emitted from many desktop three‐dimensional printer and filament combinations. We use recently published measurements of UFP and speciated VOC emission rates from a number of desktop 3D printers and filaments to predict the magnitudes of human exposures to airborne pollutants that would be expected in multiple locations within a typical small office environment. We also model the impacts of several control strategies for reducing occupational exposures. Results demonstrate that UFP and VOC concentrations within close or moderate proximity (i.e., within 3 and 3 to 18 meters, respectively) to some desktop 3D printer and filament combinations with the highest emissions can exceed recommended exposure levels (RELs) for some VOCs and typical indoor concentrations for both UFPs and VOCs. Concentrations of caprolactam within close proximity to a printer using some nylon‐based filaments are predicted to exceed both acute and chronic RELs set by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. UFP concentrations are predicted to reach as high as 80,000 particles per cubic centimeter in close proximity to the highest emitting printer and filament combinations. The printer and filament combinations with the lowest UFP and VOC emission rates are not expected to yield concentrations at levels of concern. The most effective control strategies for reducing both UFP and VOC concentrations included installing a high‐flow spot ventilation system and operating the printer in a sealed enclosure with high‐efficiency gas and particle filtration.
Nurses' Experiences With Patients Who Die From Failure to Rescue After Surgery
Authors: Bacon Cynthia Thornton
Published: April 2017

Purpose

To describe the lived experiences of hospital nurses caring for surgical patients who died from failure to rescue (FTR).

Design

A qualitative phenomenologic approach was used. Methods to ensure rigor and trustworthiness were incorporated into the design.

Methods

The investigator conducted one‐on‐one semistructured interviews with 14 nurses, and data were analyzed using Colaizzi's methods.

Findings

Six themes were identified: (a) the environment surrounding the FTR was unexpected; (b) FTR was unexpected but not preventable; (c) nurses were emotionally ill‐prepared for the FTR; (d) nurse outcomes are different in unexpected versus expected death; (e) nurses' roles as protectors are important; and (f) FTR effects future nursing practice.

Conclusions

Nurses' reactions after an FTR surgical death may be different when there is no identified nursing error contributing to the event. There may be key differences between deaths that are simply unexpected and those that involve FTR. The importance of mentoring junior nurses in protective surveillance skills is vital.

Clinical Relevance

Developing an understanding of nurses' experiences with FTR can assist nurse leaders to better support nurses who experience FTR deaths. Insight into the environment surrounding FTR deaths provides a foundation for future research aimed at improving patient safety and quality through an improved working environment for nurses.
Effectiveness of a Playground Intervention for Antisocial, Prosocial, and Physical Activity Behaviors
Authors: Mayfield Carlene A. , Child Stephanie , Weaver Robert G. , Zarrett Nicole , Beets Michael W. , Moore Justin B.
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

We examined the effectiveness of Peaceful Playgrounds™ (P2) to decrease antisocial behaviors (ASB) while increasing physical activity (PA) and prosocial behaviors (PSB) in elementary school children.

METHODS

A longitudinal, cluster‐randomized design was employed in 4 elementary school playgrounds where students (third to fifth) from 2 intervention and 2 control schools were observed during recess periods. The intervention included environmental changes (eg, marked surfaces) and student education. Data were collected using systematic observations of youth behavior and semistructured interviews conducted with key informants. Mixed‐effects regression models controlling for scans nested within days nested within schools estimated the interaction of measurement period and treatment condition on children's PA, PSB, and ASB. It was hypothesized that children in intervention, but not control schools, would demonstrate increased PA/PSB and decreased ASB.

RESULTS

Contrary to the hypotheses, intervention and control schools showed favorable changes for all dependent variables except for PSB, but 1 intervention and 1 control school drove these effects. Follow‐up interviews indicated variability in implementation and lack of adherence to the control condition.

CONCLUSIONS

P2 may promote increased PA during recess, but these results demonstrate the complexity of intervention implementation and the need for rigor when measuring intervention fidelity in real‐world settings.
Improving School Experiences for Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kise Saori S. , Hopkins Amanda , Burke Sandra
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) is one of the most common metabolic diseases in children worldwide and the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is growing. T1D is complicated to manage and adolescents with diabetes face unique, age‐specific challenges. The purpose of this article is to discuss ways in which schools can create a positive environment and improve the experiences and outcomes for adolescents with T1D.

METHODS

The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PubMed databases were searched and yielded a total of 27 articles that were used in this integrative literature review.

RESULTS

Common concerns identified by students with T1D and their parents included a lack of full‐time school nurses, lack of teacher knowledge of diabetes, lack of access to diabetes tools, lack of freedom to perform diabetes self‐care, lack of nutritional information in cafeterias, and lack of communication between parents and school personnel. Students who are unable to attend school on a daily basis may not be able to achieve their academic potential.

CONCLUSIONS

Implications for school health including specifics for school nurses, teachers, students, and school environment were identified.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Recumbent Adult Dairy Cows With or Without Spinal Cord Lesions
Authors: Achard D. , Francoz D. , Grimes C. , Desrochers A. , Nichols S. , Babkine M. , Fecteau G.
Published: April 2017

Background

Diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) lesions in recumbent dairy cattle (RDC) is challenging because neurologic examination is limited and medical imaging often is challenging or unrewarding. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is useful in the diagnosis of CNS disorders in cattle. However, its utility in identifying spinal cord lesions inRDCremains to be evaluated.

Hypothesis/Objectives

We hypothesized thatCSFanalysis would discriminate betweenRDCwith and without spinal cord lesions.

Animals

Twenty‐one RDC with spinal cord lesions (RDC+) and 19 without (RDC−) were evaluated.

Methods

Spinal cord lesions were confirmed at necropsy. Signalment, clinical findings, andCSFresults were compared retrospectively. Total nucleated cell count and differential, protein concentration, and red blood cell count inRDC+ andRDC− were compared.

Results

Neoplasia, trauma, and infectious processes were the most frequent spinal cord lesions identified. Cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations andTNCCwere significantly higher inRDC+ compared toRDC− (P= .0092 andP= .0103, respectively). Additionally,CSFprotein concentrations andTNCCinRDC− were lower than previously published reference ranges. Using an interpretation rule based onCSFprotein concentration andTNCC, it was possible to accurately identify 13RDCwith spinal cord lesions and 6RDCwithout lesions. It was not possible to determine spinal cord status in the remaining 18RDC.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is valuable in the evaluation of spinal cord status inRDC. The prognosis associated with these findings remains to be determined.
Thyroid Cysts in Cats: A Retrospective Study of 40 Cases
Authors: Miller M.L. , Peterson M.E. , Randolph J.F. , Broome M.R. , Norsworthy G.D. , Rishniw M.
Published: April 2017

Background

Thyroid cysts are rare in cats and poorly documented.

Objectives

To report distinguishing clinical features and treatment responses of cats with thyroid cysts.

Animals

Forty client‐owned cats.

Methods

Retrospective review of medical records for cats with thyroid cysts confirmed by scintigraphy, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, or necropsy at 4 referral centers between 2005 and 2016. Signalment, clinical findings, diagnostic testing, treatment, and outcome were recorded.

Results

Cats ranged in age from 8 to 20 years with no apparent breed or sex predilection. 37 of 40 (93%) cats were hyperthyroid (duration, 1–96 months). Clinical findings included palpable neck mass (40/40, 100%), weight loss (15/40, 38%), dysphagia (8/40, 20%), decreased appetite (5/40, 13%), and dyspnea (4/40, 10%). Cysts were classified as small (≤8 cm3) in 16 (40%) and large (>8 cm3) in 24 (60%) cats. Of 25 cats treated with radioiodine, hyperthyroidism resolved in 23 (92%), whereas thyroid cysts resolved in 12 (50%). Radioiodine treatment resolved small cysts in 8 of 13 (62%) cats and large cysts in 4 of 11 (36%) cats. Eight cats, including 2 euthyroid cats, underwent thyroid‐cystectomy; 3 with bilateral thyroid involvement were euthanized postoperatively for hypocalcemia. Excised cystic thyroid masses were identified as cystadenoma (4) and carcinoma (4).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Thyroid cysts are encountered in hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats with benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Radioiodine treatment alone inconsistently resolved thyroid cysts. Thyroid‐cystectomy could be considered in cats with unilateral thyroid disease or when symptomatic cysts persist despite successful radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Is three a crowd? Small group provision of a public good
Authors: Vicary Simon
Published: April 2017

Suppose a group of individuals within a large community trust one another sufficiently to be able to co‐ordinate their contributions to a public good. The alternative is to accept a Nash equilibrium. We show that under a wide range of reasonably plausible circumstances a relatively small group size (in many cases just three) suffices for this to be beneficial to group members.
Resemblance
Authors: Cowling Sam
Published: April 2017

Our ordinary judgments and our metaphysical theories share a common commitment to facts about resemblance. The nature of resemblance is, however, a matter of no small controversy. This essay examines some of the pressing questions that arise regarding the status and structure of resemblance. Among those to be discussed in what follows: what kinds of resemblance relations are there? Can resemblance be analyzed in terms of the sharing of properties? Is resemblance an objective or subjective matter? What, if any, resemblance facts are fundamental? How does resemblance relate to naturalness?
Relative expertise affects N170 during selective attention to superimposed face‐character images
Authors: Ip Chengteng , Wang Hailing , Fu Shimin
Published: April 2017

It remains unclear whether the N170 of ERPs reflects domain‐specific or domain‐general visual object processing. In this study, we used superimposed images of a face and a Chinese character such that participants' relative expertise for the two object types was either similar (Experiment 1 and 2) or different (Experiment 3). Experiment 1 showed that N170 amplitude was larger when participants attended to the character instead of the face of a face‐character combination. This result was unchanged in Experiment 2, in which task difficulty was selectively increased for the face component of the combined stimuli. Experiment 3 showed that, although this N170 enhancement for attending to characters relative to faces persisted for false characters with recognizable parts, it disappeared for unrecognizable characters. Therefore, N170 amplitude was significantly greater for Chinese characters than for faces presented within a combined image, independent of the relative task difficulty. This result strongly calls N170 face selectivity into question, demonstrating that, contrary to the expectations established by a domain‐specific account, N170 is modulated by expertise.
Short‐ and long‐term stability of alpha asymmetry in infants: Baseline and affective measures
Authors: Brooker Rebecca J. , Canen Mara J. , Davidson Richard J. , Hill Goldsmith H.
Published: April 2017

Asymmetry in cortical activity was tested for short‐ and long‐term stability during the first year of life. Infants (N = 129) completed a total of four laboratory visits: two visits occurred about 1 week apart when infants were 6 months old, and two visits occurred about 1 week apart when infants were 12 months of age. At each laboratory visit, EEG readings were taken during five 1‐min, neutral baselines as well as during a negative and a positive emotion‐eliciting task. The stability of hemispheric asymmetry was assessed at midfrontal (F3/4, F7/8) and parietal (P3/4) electrode sites. Asymmetry in baseline and fear‐eliciting episodes showed moderate short‐term stability. Long‐term stability was apparent when assessments were composited at 6 months and 12 months. Frontal asymmetry was greater than parietal asymmetry for baseline recordings. There was minimal evidence for stability in asymmetry during positive emotion tasks. Results are discussed with regard to the collection and interpretation of alpha asymmetry measures during infancy.
Lymphatic invasion is a more significant prognostic factor than visceral pleural invasion in non‐small cell lung cancer with tumours of 3 cm or less
Authors: Moon Youngkyu , Park Jae Kil , Lee Kyo Young , Sung Sook Whan
Published: April 2017

Background and objective

Visceral pleural invasion is an upstaging factor that increases cancer staging from stage IA to IB for tumours of 3 cm or less. However, lymphatic invasion has not been associated with the tumour–node–metastasis (TNM) staging system. The purpose of this study was to compare visceral pleural invasion and lymphatic invasion as prognostic factors.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 353 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for stage I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours of 3 cm or less. Patients were divided into three groups and compared. Group A contained no invasions; group B contained visceral pleural invasion only and group C had lymphatic invasion only.

Results

Group A patients had stage IA, but group B patients had stage IB tumours. However, group C patients had stage IA tumours. The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival for the three groups was 86.2%, 71.5% and 48.0%, respectively. There was a significant difference in survival between groups A and C (P = 0.001).Survival was not different between groups A and B (P = 0.547). In a multivariate analysis conducted to determine risk factors for recurrence, lymphatic invasion was a significant independent risk factor for recurrence (hazard ratio = 2.570, P = 0.006). Pleural invasion was not a significant risk factor for recurrence.

Conclusion

Lymphatic invasion is a more significant prognostic factor than visceral pleural invasion in NSCLC of 3 cm or less.
Resilience Analysis of Countries under Disasters Based on Multisource Data
Authors: Zhang Nan , Huang Hong
Published: April 2017

Disasters occur almost daily in the world. Because emergencies frequently have no precedent, are highly uncertain, and can be very destructive, improving a country's resilience is an efficient way to reduce risk. In this article, we collected more than 20,000 historical data points from disasters from 207 countries to enable us to calculate the severity of disasters and the danger they pose to countries. In addition, 6 primary indices (disaster, personal attribute, infrastructure, economics, education, and occupation) including 38 secondary influencing factors are considered in analyzing the resilience of countries. Using these data, we obtained the danger, expected number of deaths, and resilience of all 207 countries. We found that a country covering a large area is more likely to have a low resilience score. Through sensitivity analysis of all secondary indices, we found that population density, frequency of disasters, and GDP are the three most critical factors affecting resilience. Based on broad‐spectrum resilience analysis of the different continents, Oceania and South America have the highest resilience, while Asia has the lowest. Over the past 50 years, the resilience of many countries has been improved sharply, especially in developing countries. Based on our results, we analyze the comprehensive resilience and provide some optimal suggestions to efficiently improve resilience.
Symmetries, Conservation Laws, and Noether's Theorem for Differential‐Difference Equations
Authors: Peng Linyu
Published: April 2017

This paper mainly contributes to the extension of Noether's theorem to differential‐difference equations. For this purpose, we first investigate the prolongation formula for continuous symmetries, which makes a characteristic representation possible. The relations of symmetries, conservation laws, and the Fréchet derivative are also investigated. For nonvariational equations, because Noether's theorem is now available, the self‐adjointness method is adapted to the computation of conservation laws for differential‐difference equations. Several differential‐difference equations are investigated as illustrative examples, including the Toda lattice and semidiscretizations of the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. In particular, the Volterra equation is taken as a running example.
Vessel Mapping for Dialysis Access Planning
Authors: Niyyar Vandana Dua , Wasse Haimanot
Published: April 2017

The population of patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States is progressively increasing, with hemodialysis (HD) as the major mode of renal replacement therapy. National guidelines recommend increasing the use of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) in both incident and prevalent hemodialysis patients. Pre‐operative vascular mapping prior to the surgical creation of an AVF is now considered standard of care and may be helpful in achieving these goals. This manuscript focuses on the advantages and limitations of the various imaging techniques currently available for vessel mapping including physical examination, ultrasonography, angiography (iodinated contrast vs. CO2), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), with specific suggestions for clinical use.
Angiography of Hemodialysis Fistulas and Grafts
Authors: Beathard Gerald A.
Published: April 2017

Angiography of the dialysis access is an important procedure in dealing with dialysis arteriovenous access (AVA) dysfunction. It is an integral part and the initiating procedure for all the interventional procedures performed for the management and salvage of dialysis AVA. The performance of this procedure and normal dialysis access‐related anatomy including anatomical variants are discussed. In addition, pathology commonly encountered in association with the anatomy is reviewed.
Tactics for Teaching Evidence‐Based Practice: Enhancing Active Learning Strategies With a Large Class of Graduate EBP Research in Nursing Students
Authors: Vetter Mary Jo , Latimer Beth
Published: April 2017

This column shares the best evidence‐based strategies and innovative ideas on how to facilitate the learning and implementation of EBP principles and processes by clinicians as well as nursing and interprofessional students. Guidelines for submission are available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1741‐6787
Bulgarian teachers of the liberation age
Authors: Lovdjieva Maria K.
Published: April 2017

Browsing the biographies of the generation of Bulgarian teachers who lived and worked in the years around the liberation-bringing Russo-Turkish war (1877--1878), we see the clear outlines of the impediments blocking the education and development endeavors of the young Bulgarian state, which was way behind the times five centuries after it had been engulfed by the Ottoman empire and severed from European culture. In this article we review the activities of eleven Bulgarian teachers who lived and worked around the time of liberation from the Ottoman rule. Their life and activity along the borderline of two epochs strikes us with their self-sacrificial efforts to overcome the enormous backwardness of the Bulgarian nation. We point out their contribution in the spheres of education and science. The biographies of these Bulgarian teachers present a vivid picture of the times and would be an edifying subject to study and remember.
A modeling approach for cell growth based on enzyme kinetics
Authors: Dimitrov Stanko
Published: April 2017

The enzyme kinetics reaction scheme of single enzyme-sub-strate dynamics, originally proposed by V. Henri, is considered. The system of ODEs induced by the reaction scheme is compared to two approximate models, namely the Michaelis-Menten model and the model of exponential decay. Validity conditions for the Michaelis-Menten model are briefly reviewed. A case specific for ``superefficient enzymes'' is used as a setting for a comparison between the three models via computational experiments. The case study proves the importance of validating the applicability of the approximate model.A novel cell growth model is proposed and analyzed. The approach of model development is to make use of the original Henri enzyme kinetics law in the context of metabolic processes in living cells, namely cell growth. Two approximations corresponding to different cell growth phases are introduced in order to study the model analytically.
Regeneration of Initial Ensembles With Facies Analysis for Efficient History Matching
Authors: Kang Byeongcheol , Choe Jonggeun
Published: April 2017

Reservoir characterization is needed for estimating reservoir properties and forecasting production rates in a reliable manner. However, it is challenging to figure out reservoir properties of interest due to limited information. Therefore, well-designed reservoir models, which reflect characteristics of a true field, should be selected and fine-tuned. We propose a novel scheme of generating initial reservoir models by using static data and production history data available. We select representative reservoir models by projecting reservoir models onto a two-dimensional (2D) plane using principal component analysis (PCA) and calculating errors of production rates against observed data. These selected models, which will have similar geological properties with the reference, are used to regenerate models by perturbing along the boundary of the different facies. These regenerated models have all the different facies distributions but share principal characteristics based on the selected models. We compare cases using 400 ensemble members, 100 models with unbiased uniform sampling, and 100 regenerated models by the proposed method. We analyze two synthetic reservoirs with different permeability distributions: one is a typical heterogeneous reservoir and the other is a channel reservoir with a bimodal permeability distribution. Compared to the cases using all the 400 models with ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), the simulation time is dramatically reduced to 4.7%, while the prediction quality on oil and water productions is improved. Even in the more complex reservoir case, the proposed method shows great improvements with reduced uncertainties against the other cases.
Perceptions and effects of the acoustic environment in quiet residential areas
Authors: Rey Gozalo Guillermo , Barrigón Morillas Juan Miguel
Published: April 2017

Many cities have historical areas clearly distinguished from the rest because of the architecture, urban planning, and functionality. In many cases, these aspects give one the possibility of finding a characteristic acoustic environment and also developing quiet areas. Through an examination of sound levels and surveys, the perception of residents and passers-by concerning the acoustic environment of the old town of Cáceres and its relation with the characteristics of the urban environment were analysed. In addition, the perception and the effects of noise pollution of low intensity were studied. The results indicate that absence of daytime noise is the most influential environmental characteristic on the overall perception of the urban environment studied, even surpassing the feeling of security. The absence of daytime noise was also the most valued characteristic of the urban environment according to respondents. The most annoying noise source proved to be the road traffic. However, for similar levels of sound exposure, the percentages of people who were annoyed and whose sleep was disturbed were lower than those found in previous studies. Bells and birds, both soundmarks of the soundscape of this urban environment, were among the most annoying to passers-by.