bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unbiased high-throughput characterization of mussel transcriptomic responses to sublethal concentrations of the biotoxin okadaic acid
Authors: Suarez-Ulloa Victoria , Fernandez-Tajes Juan , Aguiar-Pulido Vanessa , Prego-Faraldo M. Veronica , Florez-Barros Fernanda , Sexto-Iglesias Alexia , Mendez Josefina , Eirin-Lopez Jose M.
Published: November 2015

Background.Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) responsible for Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) represent a major threat for human consumers of shellfish. The biotoxin Okadaic Acid (OA), a well-known phosphatase inhibitor and tumor promoter, is the primary cause of acute DSP intoxications. Although several studies have described the molecular effects of high OA concentrations on sentinel organisms (e.g., bivalve molluscs), the effect of prolonged exposures to low (sublethal) OA concentrations is still unknown. In order to fill this gap, this work combines Next-Generation sequencing and custom-made microarray technologies to develop an unbiased characterization of the transcriptomic response of mussels during early stages of a DSP bloom.

Methods.Mussel specimens were exposed to a HAB episode simulating an early stage DSP bloom (200 cells/L of the dinoflagellateProrocentrum limafor 24 h). The unbiased characterization of the transcriptomic responses triggered by OA was carried out using two complementary methods of cDNA library preparation: normalized and Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH). Libraries were sequenced and read datasets were mapped to Gene Ontology and KEGG databases. A custom-made oligonucleotide microarray was developed based on these data, completing the expression analysis of digestive gland and gill tissues.

Results.Our findings show that exposure to sublethal concentrations of OA is enough to induce gene expression modifications in the musselMytilus. Transcriptomic analyses revealed an increase in proteasomal activity, molecular transport, cell cycle regulation, energy production and immune activity in mussels. Oppositely, a number of transcripts hypothesized to be responsive to OA (notably the Serine/Threonine phosphatases PP1 and PP2A) failed to show substantial modifications. Both digestive gland and gill tissues responded similarly to OA, although expression modifications were more dramatic in the former, supporting the choice of this tissue for future biomonitoring studies.

Discussion.Exposure to OA concentrations within legal limits for safe consumption of shellfish is enough to disrupt important cellular processes in mussels, eliciting sharp transcriptional changes as a result. By combining the study of cDNA libraries and a custom-made OA-specific microarray, our work provides a comprehensive characterization of the OA-specific transcriptome, improving the accuracy of the analysis of expresion profiles compared to single-replicated RNA-seq methods. The combination of our data with related studies helps understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying molecular responses to DSP episodes in marine organisms, providing useful information to develop a new generation of tools for the monitoring of OA pollution.
Contribution of alluvial groundwater to the outflow of mountainous catchments
Authors: Käser Daniel , Hunkeler Daniel
Published: November 2015

Alluvial aquifers in mountainous regions cover typically a limited area. Their contribution to catchment storage and outflow is rarely isolated; alluvial groundwater discharge under gauging stations is generally assumed negligible; and hydrological models tend to lump alluvial storage with other units. The role of alluvial aquifers remains therefore unclear: can they contribute significantly to outflow when they cover a few percent of catchment area? Should they be considered a dynamic storage unit or merely a transmission zone? We address these issues based on the continuous monitoring of groundwater discharge, river discharge (one year), and aquifer storage (6 months) in the 6 km2 alluvial system of a 194 km2 catchment. River and groundwater outflow were measured jointly through “coupled gauging stations.” The contribution of alluvial groundwater to outflow was highest at the outlet of a subcatchment (52 km2), where subsurface discharge amounted to 15% of mean annual outflow, and 85% of outflow during the last week of a drought. In this period, alluvial‐aquifer depletion supported 75% of the subcatchment outflow and 35% of catchment outflow—thus 3% of the entire catchment supported a third of the outflow. Storage fluctuations occurred predominantly in the aquifer's upstream part, where heads varied over 6 m. Not only does this section act as a significant water source, but storage recovers also rapidly at the onset of precipitation. Storage dynamics were best conceptualized along the valley axis, rather than across the more conventional riparian‐channel transect. Overall the contribution of alluvial aquifers to catchment outflow deserves more attention.
A new application of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation approach to boundary condition uncertainty
Authors: Wang Qiang , Mu Mu
Published: November 2015

The conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) approach was mainly used to investigate the effects of the uncertainties in initial condition and model parameters on model results. This study presents a new application of the CNOP approach to the investigation of the effects of boundary condition uncertainty. Specifically, we first give the general formulation of the CNOP approach for uncertainties of initial and boundary conditions and model parameters. The method is then applied to analyze the effects of nutrient perturbations at the bottom boundary of the water column on the modeled deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) using an ocean ecosystem model. The results show that nutrient perturbations at the bottom boundary have significant impacts on the modeled DCM. Interestingly, the approach also reveals that nonlinear processes play important roles in the evolution of phytoplankton perturbations caused by nutrient perturbations at the bottom boundary. This implies that the CNOP approach is useful for investigating the effects of boundary condition uncertainty.
Seasonal variability of nutrient concentrations in the Mediterranean Sea: Contribution of Bio‐Argo floats
Authors: Pasqueron de Fommervault Orens , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio , Mangin Antoine , Serra Romain , Migon Christophe , Claustre Hervé , Lavigne Héloïse , Ribera d'Alcalà Maurizio , Prieur Louis , Taillandier Vincent , Schmechtig Catherine , Poteau Antoine , Leymarie Edouard , Dufour Aurélie , Besson Florent , Obolensky Grigor
Published: November 2015

In 2013, as part of the French NAOS (Novel Argo Oceanic observing System) program, five profiling floats equipped with nitrate sensors (SUNA‐V2) together with CTD and bio‐optical sensors were deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. At present day, more than 500 profiles of physical and biological parameters were acquired, and significantly increased the number of available nitrate data in the Mediterranean Sea. Results obtained from floats confirm the general view of the basin, and the well‐known west‐to‐east gradient of oligotrophy. At seasonal scale, the north western Mediterranean displays a clear temperate pattern sustained by both deep winter mixed layer and shallow nitracline. The other sampled areas follow a subtropical regime (nitracline depth and mixed layer depth are generally decoupled). Float data also permit to highlight the major contribution of high‐frequency processes in controlling the nitrate supply during winter in the north western Mediterranean Sea and in altering the nitrate stock in subsurface in the eastern basin.
An Assessment of the Role of Fiber Coating and Suspending Fluid on the Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes onto Glass Fibers for Multiscale Composites
Authors: Ku‐Herrera J. J. , May‐Pat A. , Avilés F.
Published: November 2015

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were ultrasonically deposited onto glass fibers by using either distilled water or a hydrolyzed silane. The role of the fiber coating (sizing) was investigated by depositing MWCNTs onto glass fibers with and without sizing. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between the MWCNT‐modified fibers and a vinyl ester matrix was analyzed by the microbond test. Increased electrical conductivity and surface roughness was achieved upon MWCNT deposition on the fibers. The use of a silane as suspending fluid renders moderate benefits with respect to distilled water, and its role is more critical in improving the IFSS between the MWCNT‐modified fibers and the matrix.
Preparation of Engineered Salmonella Typhimurium‐Driven Hyaluronic‐Acid‐Based Microbeads with Both Chemotactic and Biological Targeting Towards Breast Cancer Cells for Enhanced Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Uthaman Saji , Zheng Shaohui , Han Jiwon , Choi Young Jin , Cho Sunghoon , Nguyen Van Du , Park Jong‐Oh , Park Seung‐Hwan , Min Jung‐Joon , Park Sukho , Park In‐Kyu
Published: November 2015

In this study, a new type of targeted bacteriobots is prepared and investigated as a therapeutic strategy against solid tumors. Maleimide‐functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA) polymer is synthesized and cross‐linked with four‐arm‐thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG‐SH) to form HA microbeads with diameter of 8 μm through the Michael‐type addition. Docetaxel (DTX)‐loaded nanoparticles are encapsulated in HA–PEG microbeads and sustained in vitro drug‐release pattern of the DTX from the HA–PEG microbeads is observed for up to 96 h. Dual‐targeted bacteriobots are prepared using CD 44 receptor‐targeted HA microbeads synthesized via microfluidics, followed by the attachment of the flagellar bacterium Salmonella typhimurium, which have been genetically engineered for tumor targeting, onto the surface of the HA microbeads by the specific interaction between streptavidin on the HA beads and biotin on the bacteria. After the attachment of bacteria, the bacteriobots show an average velocity of 0.72 μm s−1 and high chemotactic migration velocity of 0.43 μm s−1 towards 4T1 cells lysates. CD 44 receptor‐specific cellular uptake is verified through flow cytometry analysis and confocal imaging, demonstrating enhanced intracellular uptake in CD 44 receptor positive tumor cells compared to normal cells. Therefore, the present study suggests that these bacteriobots have dual‐tumor‐targeting abilities displaying their potential for targeted anticancer therapy.
Wafer‐Scale Selective‐Area Deposition of Nanoscale Metal Oxide Features Using Vapor Saturation into Patterned Poly(methyl methacrylate) Templates
Authors: Dandley Erinn C. , Lemaire Paul C. , Zhu Zhongwei , Yoon Alex , Sheet Lubab , Parsons Gregory N.
Published: November 2015

Patterned, chemically reactive poly(methyl)methacrylate can act as a chemical “sponge” via Lewis acid/base adduct formation with metal‐organic reactants commonly used in atomic layer deposition. Extended reactant exposures saturate the reactant within the polymer, and subsequent oxidation removes the polymer and converts the saturated reactant to a metal oxide film that precisely mimics the lateral dimensions of the original polymer. Resulting oxide thickness scales with the starting polymer thickness. Regions without polymer are coated with less than 1 nm of metal oxide. Repeatable nanoscale features are formed simultaneously and uniformly across a 150 mm diameter silicon wafer.
Tuning the Optoelectronic Properties of ZnO:Al by Addition of Silica for Light Trapping in High‐Efficiency Crystalline Si Solar Cells
Authors: Dabirian Ali , Martin de Nicolas Silvia , Niesen Bjoern , Hessler‐Wyser Aïcha , De Wolf Stefaan , Morales‐Masis Monica , Ballif Christophe
Published: November 2015

Highly transparent electrodes with a well‐tuned refractive index are essential for a wide range of optoelectronic devices, such as light emitting diodes and solar cells. Here, it is shown that the transparency of ZnO:Al can be improved and its refractive index can be reduced simultaneously by the addition of SiO2 into the layer. It is found that for low SiO2 concentrations, Si quenches oxygen vacancies and improves the layer transparency. At higher SiO2 concentrations a highly transparent amorphous compound of ZnxSiyO:Al forms, with a refractive index that scales down with the relative Si/Zn ratio. These layers are tested in Si heterojunction solar cells by inserting them between Si and the metallic rear contact of such devices. A consistent improvement is found in the cell short‐circuit current density and external quantum efficiency with increasing Si incorporation. Our findings establish a general strategy to tune the optical properties of transparent conductive oxides for improved light management in solar cells.
A Mild Lewis‐Acid‐Catalyzed Method for Head‐to‐Tail Dimerization or Cyclization of tert‐Alcohols
Authors: Ramulu Bokka Venkat , Mahendar Lodi , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: November 2015

A mild and practical method is developed for the efficient synthesis of (1,1‐dimethyl‐3‐phenylbut‐3‐enyl)benzenes and indanes promoted by Lewis acid, starting from tert‐benzyl alcohols. The reaction is temperature dependent and furnished the products with excellent regioselectivity. In the case of simple dimerization, Markovnikov head‐to‐tail coupling took place. On the other hand, reaction at elevated temperatures gave indanes through subsequent Friedel–Crafts cycloalkylation. Significantly, even electron‐rich aromatic systems were compatible for the formation of indanes, which would not be feasible by earlier reports, thus, revealing the advantage of the mild nature of the present protocol.
Dyad of pain and depression in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Cox Daniel R. , Ashby Shaelene , DeConde Adam S. , Mace Jess C. , Orlandi Richard R. , Smith Timothy L. , Alt Jeremiah A.
Published: November 2015

Background

Pain and depression often coexist as comorbidities in patients with chronic disease and exert a major impact on quality of life (QOL). Little is known about the relationship between pain and depression in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Our objective was to investigate this relationship and to analyze the effect of pain and depression on QOL in CRS.

Methods

Patients with CRS were prospectively recruited as part of an observational cohort study. A total of 70 participants provided pain scores using both the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI‐SF) and the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ). Patients at risk for depression were identified using the Patient Health Questionnaire–2 (PHQ‐2). CRS‐specific QOL was determined using the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22).

Results

Significant positive correlations were found between depression scores and all pain measures (R = 0.475 to 0.644, p < 0.001). Patients with a PHQ‐2 score ≥1 had significantly higher scores on all reported pain measures. Significant positive correlations were found between all pain measures, the total SNOT‐22 score, and 3 SNOT‐22 subdomains (sleep, psychological dysfunction, and ear/facial symptoms; R = 0.323 to 0.608, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Adult patients with CRS at risk for depression experience more pain and have overall worse disease‐specific QOL. Further research investigating the complex interactions between depression and pain and the role it plays in CRS disease‐specific QOL is warranted.
Tranexamic acid–associated seizures: Causes and treatment
Authors: Lecker Irene , Wang Dian‐Shi , Whissell Paul D. , Avramescu Sinziana , Mazer C. David , Orser Beverley A.
Published: November 2015

Antifibrinolytic drugs are routinely used worldwide to reduce the bleeding that results from a wide range of hemorrhagic conditions. The most commonly used antifibrinolytic drug, tranexamic acid, is associated with an increased incidence of postoperative seizures. The reported increase in the frequency of seizures is alarming, as these events are associated with adverse neurological outcomes, longer hospital stays, and increased in‐hospital mortality. However, many clinicians are unaware that tranexamic acid causes seizures. The goal of this review is to summarize the incidence, risk factors, and clinical features of these seizures. This review also highlights several clinical and preclinical studies that offer mechanistic insights into the potential causes of and treatments for tranexamic acid–associated seizures. This review will aid the medical community by increasing awareness about tranexamic acid–associated seizures and by translating scientific findings into therapeutic interventions for patients. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:18–26
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Supramolecular Muscle‐Like Fibers
Authors: Goujon Antoine , Du Guangyan , Moulin Emilie , Fuks Gad , Maaloum Mounir , Buhler Eric , Giuseppone Nicolas
Published: November 2015

An acid–base switchable [c2]daisy chain rotaxane terminated with two 2,6‐diacetylamino pyridine units has been self‐assembled with a bis(uracil) linker. The complementary hydrogen‐bond recognition patterns, together with lateral van der Waals aggregations, result in the hierarchical formation of unidimensional supramolecular polymers associated in bundles of muscle‐like fibers. Microscopic and scattering techniques reveal that the mesoscopic structure of these bundles depends on the extended or contracted states that the rotaxanes show within individual polymer chains. The observed local dynamics span over several length scales because of a combination of supramolecular and mechanical bonds. This work illustrates the possibility to modify the hierarchical mesoscopic structuring of large polymeric systems by the integrated actuation of individual molecular machines.
Synthesis of (±)‐Lasubine II Using N‐Methoxyamines
Authors: Yokoyama Takashi , Fukami Yutaro , Sato Takaaki , Chida Noritaka
Published: November 2015

The synthesis of (±)‐lasubine II has been achieved through a three‐component allylation capitalizing on the unique properties of N‐methoxyamines. This reaction enabled the installation of all the carbon atoms of lasubine II in a single operation. The N‐methoxy group was efficiently used for the subsequent nitrone formation. A single‐step cyclization of isoxazolidines or N‐methoxyamines to form functionalized piperidine rings was also developed.
Mesoscale modeling for the rapid movement of monsoonal isochrones
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Krishnamurti T. N.
Published: November 2015

The progresses of fast moving 2013 monsoonal isochrones were simulated with WRF model at 25 km and compared with slower moving isochrones of 2014. A large number of sensitivity experiments were performed by enhancing of soil moisture, stratiform rain up to 25%, their combination and reducing soil temperature by 12%, over 5 grid points to the north of the isochrones over a relatively dry soil layer. The modified soil parameters and startiform rain ahead of isochrones enhances the population of the buoyant elements, divergent flows of the local Hadley circulation normal to the isochrones; resulting in a fast movement of the isochrones.
Incorporation of FcRn‐mediated disposition model to describe the population pharmacokinetics of therapeutic monoclonal IgG antibody in clinical patients
Authors: Ng Chee M.
Published: November 2015

Purpose. The two‐compartment linear model used to describe the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (TMAbs) offered little biological insight to antibody disposition in humans. The purpose of this study is to develop a semi‐mechanistic FcRn‐mediated IgG disposition model to describe the population PK of TMAbs in clinical patients. Methods. A standard two‐compartment linear PK model from a previously published population PK model of pertuzumab was used to simulate intensive PK data of 100 subjects for model development. Two different semi‐mechanistic FcRn‐mediated IgG disposition models were developed and First Order Conditional Estimation (FOCE) with the interaction method in NONMEM was used to obtain the final model estimates. The performances of these models were then compared with the two‐compartment linear PK model used to simulate the data for model development. Results. A semi‐mechanistic FcRn‐mediated IgG disposition model consisting of a peripheral tissue compartment and FcRn‐containing endosomes in the central compartment best describes the simulated pertuzumab population PK data. This developed semi‐mechanistic population PK model had the same number of model parameters, produced very similar concentration–time profiles but provided additional biological insight to the FcRn‐mediated IgG disposition in human subjects compared with the standard linear two‐compartment linear PK model. Conclusion. This first reported semi‐mechanistic model may serve as an important model framework for developing future population PK models of TMAbs in clinical patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multimerized HIV‐gp41‐derived peptides as fusion inhibitors and vaccines
Authors: Nomura Wataru , Mizuguchi Takaaki , Tamamura Hirokazu
Published: November 2015

To date, several antigens based on the amino‐terminal leucine/isoleucine heptad repeat (NHR) region of an HIV‐1 envelope protein gp41 and fusion inhibitors based on the carboxy‐terminal leucine/isoleucine heptad repeat (CHR) region of gp41 have been reported. We have developed a synthetic antigen targeting the membrane‐fusion mechanism of HIV‐1. This uses a template designed with C3‐symmetric linkers and mimics the trimeric form of the NHR‐derived peptide N36. The antiserum obtained by immunization of the N36 trimeric antigen binds preferentially to the N36 trimer and blocks HIV‐1 infection effectively, compared with the antiserum obtained by immunization of the N36 monomer. Using another template designed with different C3‐symmetric linkers, we have also developed a synthetic peptide mimicking the trimeric form of the CHR‐derived peptide C34, with ∼100 times the inhibitory activity against the HIV‐1 fusion mechanism than that of the monomer C34 peptide. A dimeric derivative of C34 has potent inhibitory activity at almost the same levels as this C34 trimer mimic, suggesting that presence of a dimeric form of C34 is structurally critical for fusion inhibitors. As examples of rising mid‐size drugs, this review describes an effective strategy for the design of HIV vaccines and fusion inhibitors based on a relationship with the native structure of proteins involved in HIV fusion mechanisms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 622–628, 2016.
A New Na+‐Dependent RNA‐Cleaving DNAzyme with over 1000‐fold Rate Acceleration by Ethanol
Authors: Zhou Wenhu , Saran Runjhun , Chen Qingyun , Ding Jinsong , Liu Juewen
Published: November 2015

Enzymes working in organic solvents are important for analytical chemistry, catalysis, and mechanistic studies. Although a few protein enzymes are highly active in organic solvents, little is known regarding nucleic acid‐based enzymes. Herein, we report the first RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme, named EtNa, that works optimally in concentrated organic solvents containing only monovalent Na+. The EtNa DNAzyme has a rate of 2.0 h−1 in 54 % ethanol (with 120 mm NaCl and no divalent metal ions), and a Kd of 21 mm Na+. It retains activity even in 72 % ethanol as well as in DMSO. With 4 mm Na+, the rate in 54 % ethanol is >1000‐fold higher than that in water. We also demonstrated the use of EtNa to measuring the ethanol content in alcoholic drinks. In total, this DNAzyme has three unique features: divalent metal independent activity, Na+ selectivity among monovalent metals, and acceleration by organic solvents.
Efficacy and safety of routine thrombus aspiration in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mastoris Ioannis , Giustino Gennaro , Sartori Samantha , Baber Usman , Mehran Roxana , Kini Annapoorna S. , Sharma Samin K. , Dangas George D.
Published: November 2015

Background

Randomized clinical trials evaluating the role of thrombus aspiration (TA) in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have yielded contrasting results. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of TA in STEMI is unclear.

Objective

We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TA during PPCI for STEMI compared with conventional PPCI alone.

Methods

We included study‐level data from 25 randomized, controlled trials, involving 21,733 patients with STEMI and PPCI. The primary efficacy endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) according to study definitions; the primary safety endpoint was stroke.

Results

The mean weighted follow‐up time across studies was 8.2 months. Compared with conventional PPCI, TA was associated with significant lower risk for MACE [relative risk (RR): 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83–1.00; P = 0.042). However, this benefit in MACE was counterbalanced by a significant increase in the risk for stroke (RR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.11–2.25; P = 0.011). There were no differences in the risk of myocardial infarction (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.78–1.12; P = 0.486), target vessel revascularization (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.82–1.04; P = 0.2), and definite or probable stent thrombosis (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.66–1.07; P = 0.148). TA was associated with an ostensible lower risk for all‐cause mortality, which did not reach statistical significance (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78–1.00; P = 0.059).

Conclusions

Compared with conventional PPCI for STEMI, adjunctive TA reduces the risk of subsequent MACE. However, the benefit in MACE is counterbalanced by an increased risk in stroke. Considering the above potential risks and benefits, TA should be considered in selected patients lesions rather than routinely. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitral valve‐in‐valve with the lotus mechanically expanding platform
Authors: Feldman Ted , Reardon Michael J.
Published: November 2015

Key Points

Disadvantages of existing balloon expandable or self‐expanding transcatheter platforms for mitral valve‐in‐valve include the potential for malposition during deployment and for LV outflow tract obstruction

Controlled mechanical valve expansion, the option to reposition, and stable hemodynamics throughout the procedure make the LOTUS valve an attractive option for mitral valve‐in‐valve

Correct sizing remains a critical aspect of all trancatheter valve implant procedures, including valve‐in‐valve implants
Tuning the Electrochemistry of Free‐Base Porphyrins in Acidic Nonaqueous Media: Influence of Solvent, Supporting Electrolyte, and Ring Substituents
Authors: Cui Yan , Zeng Lihan , Fang Yuanyuan , Zhu Jialiang , Devillers Charles H. , Lucas Dominique , Desbois Nicolas , Gros Claude P. , Kadish Karl M.
Published: November 2015

A detailed study of reduction potentials, electroreduction mechanisms, and acid–base chemistry was carried out on two series of free‐base porphyrins in nonaqueous media. The first series is represented by four β‐pyrrole‐substituted tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) derivatives, two of which are planar and two of which are nonplanar in their nonprotonated form. The second comprises porphyrins with 0–4 meso‐phenyl groups on the macrocycle. Equilibrium constants for the conversion of each neutral porphyrin to its diprotic [H4P]2+ form were determined and the electrochemistry was then elucidated as a function of: 1) type of nonaqueous solvent, 2) anion of supporting electrolyte, 3) porphyrin ring substituents, and 4) concentration of acid added to solution. Spectroelectrochemistry was used to characterize absorption spectra of each electroreduced species and, when combined with results of the above studies, significantly improves our ability to tune redox reactivity of these types of compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural/Physical Properties of U3Fe2Ge7: A Single‐Crystal Study.
Authors: Henriques Margarida S. , Gorbunov Denis I. , Waerenborgh Joao C. , Pasturel Mathieu , Andreev Alexander V. , Dusek Michal , Skourski Yurii , Havela Ladislav , Goncalves Antonio P.
Published: November 2015

Single crystals of U3Fe2Ge7 are grown from an equimolar mixture of the elements in a tin flux (graphite crucible in evacuated silica tubes, 1273 K, 2 d; cooling to 573 K with a rate of 5 K/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Investigation of Phase Equilibria in Cu—Ge—Ti System.
Authors: Xie Z. Y. , Lv K. L. , Liu H. S. , Cai G. M. , Jin Z. P.
Published: November 2015

Arc melting of the elements followed by annealing (923 K, 10 d or 1073 K, 60 d) is used in combination with electron probe microscopy and powder XRD to evaluate the phase relations in isothermal sections of the Cu—Ge—Ti ternary system (20 and 15 three‐phase regions at 923 and 1073 K, respectively).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Rare‐Earth Metal(III) Bromide ortho‐Oxidotungstates(VI) with the Formula REBr[WO4] (RE: Y, Gd—Yb).
Authors: Schustereit Tanja , Schleid Thomas , Hartenbach Ingo
Published: November 2015

Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of Ln2O3 (Ln: Y, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) or Tb and Tb4O7, LnBr3, and WO3 (silica ampules, 850—1030 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Titanocene(III) Chloride Mediated Radical‐Induced Opening of Monosubstituted Epoxy Acetates for the Synthesis of Primary Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Chakraborty P. , Mandal S. K. , Roy S. C.
Published: November 2015

Primary allylic alcohols (II) are simply and efficiently synthesized from monosubstituted epoxy acetates (I) by title reaction via acetate elimination.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Cyanation of Indoles and Electron‐Rich Arenes Using DMF as a Single Surrogate.
Authors: Zhang Lianpeng , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: November 2015

Cyanation of indoles and 6‐azaindoles by DMF yields the corresponding 3‐cyano derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Robust Bifunctional Aluminium—Salen Catalysts for the Preparation of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides.
Authors: Rulev Yuri A , Gugkaeva Zalina , Maleev Victor I , North Michael , Belokon Yuri N
Published: November 2015

The title reaction applies only to terminal epoxides and the catalysts can be recovered and reused for 3 catalytic cycles without significant loss of the catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Formylation of Amines with Carbon Dioxide and Diphenylsilane Catalyzed by Chelating bis(tzNHC) Rhodium Complexes.
Authors: Nguyen Thanh V. Q. , Yoo Woo‐Jin , Kobayashi Shu
Published: November 2015

The shown rhodium complex (TZNHC) is the best catalyst for the reductive formylation reaction of amines with CO2 and Ph2SiH2.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Formal anti‐Carbopalladation/Heck Reaction: Facile Domino Access to Carbo‐ and Heterooligocyclic Dienes.
Authors: Pawliczek Martin , Milde Bastian , Jones Peter G. , Werz Daniel B.
Published: November 2015

This domino reaction gives access to polycyclic tri‐ and tetrasubstituted double bond systems which are not accessible by conventional Pd catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis and UV‐Visible Absorption Studies of Novel Tricyclic Heterocycle Tethered Xanthene‐1,8‐diones.
Authors: Yempala Thirumal , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Kantevari Srinivas
Published: November 2015

The title heterocycles are synthesized via condensation of aldehydes and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds using PPA‐SiO2 as recyclable catalyst under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Sulfa‐Michael Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Oxoesters Catalyzed by a Metal‐Templated Chiral Broensted Base.
Authors: Ding Xiaobing , Lin Huihua , Gong Lei , Meggers Eric
Published: November 2015

Substrate (II) is selected as the best educt for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Direct Oxidation of Aldehydes to Esters Using TCCA.
Authors: Gaspa Silvia , Porcheddu Andrea , De Luca Lidia
Published: November 2015

The reaction tolerates a broad range of substituted aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes as well as benzylic, heterobenzylic, and aliphatic alcohols which may be endowed with various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Selective Sulfenylation of Arene C—H Bonds Using N‐Arylthiobenzamides as Thiolation Reagent and Oxidant.
Authors: Zhang Xing‐Song , Li Guoxing , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Zhang Xiao‐Hong
Published: November 2015

Aryl sulfides and aryl disulfides are synthesized by palladium‐catalyzed direct sulfenylation of arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Atom‐Economic Route to Densely Functionalized Thiophenes via Base‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of 5‐Propargyl‐2H‐thiopyran‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Tang Chunlin , Qin Jian , Li Xingqi
Published: November 2015

This novel reaction procedure involves a tandem retro‐thio Michael addition, a propargyl isomerization and an intramolecular thio‐addition to allenes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Promoted Construction of Polysubstituted 2,3‐Dihydropyrroles from Chalcones and β‐Enamine Ketones (Esters).
Authors: Li Yujin , Xu Hui , Xing Mengming , Huang Fang , Jia Jianhong , Gao Jianrong
Published: November 2015

The convenient synthesis is performed under mild reaction conditions and provides a variety of polysubstituted 2,3‐dihydropyrroles in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal Free Highly Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Hindered 2‐Alkylindoles.
Authors: Shiri Morteza , Farajpour Behnaz , Bozorgpour‐Savadjani Zahra , Shintre Suhas A. , Koorbanally Neil A. , Kruger Hendrik G. , Notash Behrouz
Published: November 2015

Highly complex 3‐oxoindolin‐2‐ylidene derivatives are synthesized through a one‐pot procedure starting by Ugi four‐component reaction followed by an aerobic oxidation reaction under metal‐free conditions with excellent regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Direct Olefination of 2‐Oxindoles and Alkenes via Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC) in Air.
Authors: Huang Hong‐Yan , Wu Hong‐Ru , Wei Feng , Wang Dong , Liu Li
Published: November 2015

Starting from 3‐aryl or 3‐alkyl substituted 2‐oxindoles and numerous styrene derivatives, including 1,1‐ and 1,2‐disubstituted ones, the scalable reaction provides 3‐alkenyl‐2‐oxindoles in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Indole Derivatives via Three‐Component Domino Reaction Catalyzed by L‐Proline.
Authors: Fu Lei , Lin Wei , Huang Zhi‐Bin , Shi Da‐Qing
Published: November 2015

Two rings and four bonds are efficiently formed by an facile one‐pot procedure leading to the desired indole derivatives in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II) 8‐Quinolinolates: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Catalysis in the Synthesis of 2‐Oxazolines.
Authors: Anitha P. , Manikandan R. , Prakash G. , Pachiyappan B. , Viswanathamurthi P. , Malecki J. G.
Published: November 2015

New octahedral Ru(II) complexes are synthesized and applied as catalyst for the condensation of aromatic nitriles with ethanolamine under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine(III)‐Mediated Oxy‐Fluorination of Alkenyl Oximes: An Easy Path to Monofluoromethyl‐Substituted Isoxazolines.
Authors: Kong Weidong , Guo Quanping , Xu Zhaoqing , Wang Guoqiang , Jiang Xianxing , Wang Rui
Published: November 2015

The scalable procedure is applied to numerous aryl substituted alkenyl oximes, and the transformation of aliphatic alkenyl oximes as well as oximes with an internal alkene moiety is exemplified.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective C‐5 Sulfenylation of Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles with Thiols.
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Wang Shaohua , Jiang Yi , He Peiling , Zhang Qi , Cao Hua
Published: November 2015

Various heterocyclic substrates as well as alkyl and (het)aryl sulfides including disulfide (IV) are used in the preparation of the target compounds which are of interest in pharmaceutical chemistry and material science.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Novel Thiazol‐2‐ylidene‐amides Using Carbonylthiourea Building Blocks.
Authors: Saeedi Mina , Goli Fereshteh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Asadipour Ali , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: November 2015

Thiazolylideneamides are prepared by alkylation—cyclization reaction between thioureas and propargyl bromide in short reaction times and good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition Initiated by Zinc Oxide Semiconductor Nanoparticles.
Authors: Yetiskin Ozde , Dadashi‐Silab Sajjad , Khan Sher Bahadar , Asiri Abdullah Mohamed , Yagci Yusuf
Published: November 2015

Under visible light irradiation, the nanoparticles cause formation of a Cu(I) catalyst which initiates the cycloaddition process.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Cysteine Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles (LCMNP): A Novel Magnetically Separable Organocatalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carbonitriles in Water.
Authors: Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali , Nourisefat Maryam , Panahi Farhad
Published: November 2015

A newly synthesized heterogeneous catalyst is efficiently applied for the three‐component one‐pot coupling reaction of indoles (I) and other nucleophiles (VII) with salicylaldehyde and malononitrile.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chromen[4,3‐b]pyrrolidines by Intramolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Azomethine Ylides: An Experimental and Computational Assessment of the Origin of Stereocontrol.
Authors: Costa Paulo R. R. , Sansano Jose M. , Cossio Unai , Barcellos Julio C. F. , Dias Ayres G. , Najera Carmen , Arrieta Ana , de Cozar Abel , Cossio Fernando P.
Published: November 2015

Reaction of the azomethine ylides, generated from aldehydes (I) or (XI) and α‐amino acids, under conditions A) and B) is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Fused and Substituted 2‐Aminopyridines from β‐Halo α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Gogoi Junali , Gogoi Pranjal , Goswami Limi , Boruah Romesh C.
Published: November 2015

The halogen substituent in the title reaction can be both Br and Cl, but the former gives the products with higher yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertion/Nucleophilic Attack by Indole C‐3/Desulfonylation in the Same Pot: A Direct Access to Indoloquinolines of Pharmacological Interest.
Authors: Prasad Bagineni , Nallapati Suresh Babu , Kolli Sunder Kumar , Sharma Atul Kumar , Yellanki Swapna , Medisetti Raghavender , Kulkarni Pushkar , Sripelly S. , Mukkanti K. , Pal Manojit
Published: November 2015

Several of the title compounds show promising cytotoxicities against cancer cells.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(2′‐Benzimidazolylmethyl)‐pyridinium Ylide in the One‐Pot Synthesis of Indolizine and Benzimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Belguedj Roumaissa , Bouacida Sofiane , Merazig Hocine , Belfaitah Ali , Bouraiou Abdelmalek
Published: November 2015

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of pyridinium ylide (I) with electron‐deficient alkynes affords indolizine derivatives (III) (4 examples), whereas similar reaction of (I) with maleate (IV) gives unexpectedly benzimidazopyridine derivative (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Naphtho[1′,2′:4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and Imidazo[5,1,2‐cd]indolizines Through Pd‐Catalyzed Cycloaromatization of 2‐Phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with Alkynes.
Authors: Li Peiyuan , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen
Published: November 2015

Molecular oxygen is found to be an efficient and clean oxidant in these Pd(II)‐catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Addition of Dialkylzinc to Aromatic Aldimines Mediated by Camphor‐Derived Chiral β‐Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Huang Wei‐Ming , Uang Biing‐Jiun
Published: November 2015

The title reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites from the Root of Machilus obovatifolia.
Authors: Lin Shan‐Yu , Ko Horng‐Huey , Lee Shiow‐Ju , Chang Hsun‐Shuo , Lin Chu‐Hung , Chen Ih‐Sheng
Published: November 2015

Four new lignans [epihenricine B (I), methylmachilusol D (IIa, III), and isofragransol A (IIb)] along with 23 known compounds are isolated from title roots.
ChemInform Abstract: Calorimetric Studies of Octacyanometalate‐Based Coordination Polymers Displaying Long‐Range Magnetic Order
Authors: Pelka Robert
Published: November 2015

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Nanoclusters: Size‐Controlled Synthesis and Size‐ Dependent Catalytic Activity
Authors: Lu Yizhong , Chen Wei
Published: November 2015

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High Performance Catalysts Prepared from Al—Cu—Fe Icosahedral Quasicrystal
Authors: Tsai An‐Pang , Tanabe Toyokazu , Kameoka Satoshi
Published: November 2015

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Desymmetrization on Both Ligands of Pentaphenylcyclopentadienylhydrotris(indazolyl) Borate Ruthenium(II) Complexes: Prototypes of Organometallic Molecular Gears and Motors
Authors: Stefak Roman , Sirven Agnes M. , Fukumoto Sayo , Nakagawa Hisako , Rapenne Gwenael
Published: November 2015

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Transition Metal Catalyzed Carbonylation of Alkynes, Arenes and Aryl Halides Using CO Surrogates
Authors: Gautam Prashant , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: November 2015

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Alkyl Halides
Authors: Yamamoto Arisa , Nishimura Yugo , Nishihara Yasushi
Published: November 2015

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Plant Volatilome in Greece: A Review on the Properties, Prospects, and Chemogeography
Authors: Kantsa Aphrodite , Sotiropoulou Stavroula , Vaitis Michail , Petanidou Theodora
Published: November 2015

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Insights into the Catalytic Mechanism of Synthetic Glutathione Peroxidase Mimetics
Authors: Bhowmick Debasish , Mugesh Govindasamy
Published: November 2015

Review: [47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review: Backbone N‐Modified Peptides: How to Meet the Challenge of Secondary Amine Acylation
Authors: Fernandez‐Llamazares Ana I. , Spengler Jan , Albericio Fernando
Published: November 2015

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Symmetric Pincer Ligands: Complexes and Applications in Catalysis
Authors: Asay Matthew , Morales‐Morales David
Published: November 2015

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Journey Towards Transition Metal‐Free Arylations
Authors: Roopan Selvaraj Mohana , Palaniraja Jeyakannu
Published: November 2015

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐NHC Complexes in Catalysis
Authors: Lazreg Faima , Nahra Fady , Cazin Catherine S. J.
Published: November 2015

Review: 294 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Chemical Factors in Steroid Bioconversion
Authors: Li Xiao‐jing , Wang Xiao‐Jie , Ji Yun‐zhe
Published: November 2015

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Excitonic Splittings in Molecular Dimers: Why Static ab initio Calculations Cannot Match Them
Authors: Ottiger Philipp , Koeppel Horst , Leutwyler Samuel
Published: November 2015

Review: 66 refs.
Solvent‐Switching Gelation and Orange–Red Emission of Ultrasmall Copper Nanoclusters
Authors: Liu Jinhua , Zhang Qiang Matthew , Feng Yong , Zhou Zhengyuan , Shih Kaimin
Published: November 2015

By tuning the Cu⋅⋅⋅Cu and hydrogen‐bonding interactions, the small cluster Cu3L can be selectively synthesized to develop a stable and highly fluorescent material, as confirmed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectroscopy. Further characterizations, including absorbance spectroscopy, XPS, and XRD demonstrate the formation of tiny Cu nanoclusters (NCs). In water, the as‐prepared Cu NCs can exhibit high orange fluorescence via solution evaporation to eliminate hydrogen‐bonding, and in dimethylformamide, a strong orange fluorescent gel is obtained by solvent induction to enhance the Cu⋅⋅⋅Cu and hydrogen‐bonding interactions. More importantly, the Cu NCs in their substantial form exhibit nonlinear optical properties upon two‐photon excitation. These results will shed light on Cu and related cluster applications in two‐photon biological imaging, optical power limiting, and solar energy conversion.
The Dilemma of Supporting Electrolytes for Electroorganic Synthesis: A Case Study on Kolbe Electrolysis
Authors: Stang Carolin , Harnisch Falk
Published: November 2015

Remarkably, coulombic efficiency (CE, about 50 % at 1 Farad equivalent), and product composition resulting from aqueous Kolbe electrolysis are independent of reactor temperature and initial pH value. Although numerous studies on Kolbe electrolysis are available, the interrelations of different reaction parameters (e.g., acid concentration, pH, and especially electrolytic conductivity) are not addressed. A systematic analysis based on cyclic voltammetry reveals that solely the electrolytic conductivity impacts the current–voltage behavior. When using supporting electrolytes, not only their concentration, but also the type is decisive. We show that higher concentrations of KNO3 result in reduced CE and thus in significant increase in electric energy demand per converted molecule, whereas Na2SO4 allows improved space–time yields. Pros and cons of adding supporting electrolytes are discussed in a final cost assessment.
Salt marsh surface survives true‐to‐scale simulated storm surges
Authors: Spencer T. , Möller I. , Rupprecht F. , Bouma T. J. , van Wesenbeeck B. K. , Kudella M. , Paul M. , Jensen K. , Wolters G. , Miranda‐Lange M. , Schimmels S.
Published: November 2015

A full‐scale controlled experiment was conducted on an excavated and re‐assembled coastal wetland surface, typical of floristically diverse northwest European saltmarsh. The experiment was undertaken with true‐to‐scale water depths and waves in a large wave flume, in order to assess the impact of storm surge conditions on marsh surface soils, initially with three different plant species and then when this marsh canopy had been mowed. The data presented suggests a high bio‐geomorphological resilience of salt marshes to vertical sediment removal, with less than 0.6 cm average vertical lowering in response to a sequence of simulated storm surge conditions. Both organic matter content and plant species exerted an important influence on both the variability and degree of soil surface stability, with surfaces covered by a flattened canopy of the salt marsh grass Puccinellia experiencing a lower and less variable elevation loss than those characterized by Elymus or Atriplex that exhibited considerable physical damage through stem folding and breakage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the Morphological Print of Bedload Transport
Authors: Recking Alain , Piton Guillaume , Vazquez‐Tarrio Daniel , Parker Gary
Published: November 2015

Bedload and river morphology interact in a strong feedback manner. Bedload conditions the development of river morphology along different space and time scales; however, by concentrating the flow in preferential paths, a given morphology controls bedload for a given discharge. As bedload is a non‐linear response of shear stress, local morphology is likely to have a strong impact on bedload prediction when the shear stress is averaged over the section, as is usually done.

This was investigated by comparing bedload measured in different bed morphologies (step‐pool, plane bed, riffle‐pool, braiding, and sand beds), with bedload measured in narrow flumes in the absence of any bed form, used here as a reference. The initial methodology consisted of fitting a bedload equation to the flume data. Secondly, the morphological signature of each river was studied as the distance to this referent equation.

It was concluded that each morphology affects bedload in a different way. For a given average grain shear stress, the larger the river, the larger the deviation from the flume transport. Narrow streams are those morphologies that behave more like flumes; this is particularly true with flat beds, whereas results deviate from flumes to a greater extent in step‐pools. The riffle‐pool's morphology impacts bedload at different levels depending on the degree of bar development, considered here through the ratio D84/D50 which is used as a proxy for the local bed patchiness and morphology. In braiding rivers morphological effects are important but difficult to assess because width is dependent on transport rate. Bed morphology was found to have negligible effects in sand bed rivers where the Shields stress is usually sufficiently high to minimize the non‐linearity effects when hydraulics is averaged over the section. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.