bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALKBH5 involves in osteosarcoma tumor progression by mediating Notch signaling
Authors: Chen Dagui , Zhao Jiebing , Tian Hao , Shang Fusheng , Feng Jianjun
Published: January 2023

ALKBH5 is the major demethylase of ribonuclease m6A and exerts these multiple biological functions in cancer. In this study, we mainly explore the use of ALKBH5 in the development and progression of osteosarcoma and elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms by which it functions. Relative to human osteoblast cell lines (NHOst), we detected ALKBH5 expression in osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS, U2OS, and MG‐63) by RT‐PCR and western blot. By overexpression and knockout of ALKBH5 gene, to observe the effect of ALKBH5 on apoptosis, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of osteosarcoma cells, as well as the effect of Notch signaling pathway. We found that ALKBH5 was significantly higher in osteosarcoma cell lines than in osteoblastic cell lines. In addition, ALKBH5 overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, and simultaneously activated Notch signaling pathway and up‐regulated E‐cadherin protein. Knockout of ALKBH5 inhibited these effects in osteosarcoma cells. It was also found that up‐regulation of ALKBH5 could promote the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. ALKBH5 can be involved in osteosarcoma development through Notch signaling pathway regulation. ALKBH5 is therefore expected to be a new target in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Biological, surface, and wetting behavior of bio‐surfactants tank‐mixed with trifloxysulfuron‐sodium on Sorghum halepense
Authors: Aliverdi Akbar
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

There is a public interest in developing bio‐surfactants due to their low toxicity and high biodegradation potential. However, their biological, surface, and behavior to use with agrochemicals has not been investigated.

RESULTS

Critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) for the synthetic surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS), the bio‐surfactant rhamnolipid (RL), and the bio‐surfactant surfactin (SF) were 1200, 50, and 50 mg L−1, respectively. Based on the ability of the surfactants to reduce the surface tension of trifloxysulfuron‐sodium spray solution at 0.25 to 1× CMC, they are ranked SF > RL > DOSS, while at 1.5 to 4× CMC, they are ranked SF = RL > DOSS. Without surfactant, trifloxysulfuron‐sodium at 10.04 g ha−1 reduced johnsongrass growth up to 50% (ED50). At best, SF at 1 to 4× CMC halved ED50. Unlike DOSS, which increased ED50 (12.89 g ha−1) due to a phytotoxic effect, SF and RL at 4× CMC decreased ED50 (5.19 and 6.50 g ha−1, respectively) without a phytotoxic effect. A 5‐μl droplet containing SF dried faster due to greater spread on the leaf surface than other surfactants. Although the wetted area of the leaf with the droplet containing RL was wider than that of DOSS, it took longer to dry. This observation contradicts the previous theory.

CONCLUSION

In terms of dosage, safety, and efficacy, the RL and SF were comparable to DOSS in other tank‐mix with trifloxysulfuron‐sodium. It seems that RL also works as a humectant, while SF likely works as a wax solubilisant. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Corrosion Protection Evaluation of Copper Coated with a Block Copolymer and Block Coploymer/Carbon Black Nanoparticles in 3 wt% NaCl Solution
Authors: Masmoudi Fatma , Jedidi Ilyes , Amor Yasser Ben , Masmoudi Mohamed
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a successful preparation of SEBS (a copolymer polystyrene‐block‐poly (ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene) and SEBS‐CB (SEBS‐Carbon Black nanoparticles) coatings on a copper surface following a well‐defined immersion protocol. Such coatings′ protection capacity was tested in a 3 wt% NaCl medium using potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance techniques (EIS). The electrochemical measurements indicate that SEBS and SEBS‐CB are cathodic‐type inhibitors mainly hindering the diffusion of oxygen molecules toward the copper substrate. It also indicates the decrease in chloride ion attack on the coated copper layer. Not only that, but it also affirms the decrease in
‘s transport to the bulk solution, resulting in our sample being further protected at more positive potential. Cu‐SEBS‐CB electrodes showed a slight improvement in corrosion protection compared to Cu‐SEBS electrodes. π‐π stacking was associated with improving the performance of these coatings. The keys functions of incorporating CB are improving the electrode conductivity and having a denser and more compact coating than that without CB. The order of inhibition efficiency obtained by potentiodynamic polarization is in good agreement with the results achieved by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Also, the inhibition efficiency of Cu‐SEBS and Cu‐SEBS‐CB increases with increasing the ratio of SEBS. Adsorption of SEBS and SEBS‐CB on copper surface follows the Langmuir isotherm.
Effects of Mesogenic Cycloaliphatic Units on the Microstructure and Properties of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polyesters
Authors: Choi Eun‐Ji , Lee So‐Jeong , Jeong Young Gyu
Published: January 2023

We report the synthesis and structure‐property relationship of new thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters (TLCPs) with different mesogenic cycloaliphatic unit content in the mainchain. For this purpose, a series of TLCPs composed of three different repeating units based on 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA, 75.0 mol%), 2‐hydroxy‐6‐naphthoic acid (HNA, 25.0–15.0 mol%), and terephthalic acid/1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol (TPA/CHDM, 0.0–10.0 mol%) were synthesized via two‐step bulk polymerization. The structure, thermal and mechanical properties of the TLCPs were investigated by considering the effects of size and content of TPA/CHDM‐derived repeating units, in comparison to HNA‐based repeating units. Infrared spectroscopic data showed that TPA/CHDM‐derived repeating units were successfully incorporated into HBA/HNA‐based TLCPs. The polarized optical and electron microscopic images revealed the existence of thermotropic liquid crystalline features and associated fibrillar structures for all TLCPs. The melting temperatures of the TLCPs decreased with increasing the TPA/CHDM‐based repeating units, whereas the glass transition temperature increased, which is due to the trade‐off effect of the segmental mobility restriction in the amorphous phase and the destruction of the thermotropic liquid crystalline phase by the introduction of TPA/CHDM‐derived repeating units in the TLCP mainchain. In addition, the maximum elastic storage modulus was attained for the TLCP with 2.5 mol% TPA/CHDM‐derived repeating units.
Catalytic Steam Reforming of Ethanol to Produce Hydrogen: Modern and Efficient Catalyst Modification Strategies
Authors: El‐Salamony Radwa A.
Published: January 2023

Hydrogen is regarded as one of the most promising renewable energy that carriers with a high heating value for replacing fossil fuels and meeting clean energy requirements. Steam reforming has shown considerable promises in the creation of hydrogen. Many studies on catalytic steam reforming of ethanol have been published. Hence, developing efficient and stable catalysts capable of producing large H2 yields and ethanol conversion is a crucial step. Nickel is an essential industrial catalyst because it enhances hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions by promoting the scission of C−C bonds. Many studies have been conducted by employing noble metal‐based catalysts to reduce coke deposition and enhance metal stability against sintering since they are known to successfully break the C−C bond, resulting in less carbonaceous deposits and hence more stable catalysts. To avoid carbon production, alkaline promoters, and bimetallic heterogeneous catalysts are commonly utilized in catalysis. However, because huge amounts of by‐product CO2 produced by SRE courses are usually regarded as the primary cause of hydrogen purity degradation, it is recommended to remove CO2 in‐situ to achieve high hydrogen production.
Influence on Rheology and Microstructure of Nanosilica and Modified Polycarboxylate in Water‐Glass‐Activated Fly Ash/Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Geopolymers
Authors: Vanitha N. , Revathi T. , Jeyalakshmi R.
Published: January 2023

This study establishes the effect of nano silica (NS) in the alkali activator on the behaviour of rheology and microstructure of Alkali activated material. The rheological behaviour of the Fly ash (FA)‐Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) (4 : 1) activated using water glass of Ms 1.1 (SiO2/Na2O), with nano silica (NS), Modified Poly carboxylate (MPC) was studied and the link between the composition and fundamental behaviour are reported. A total of 12 mortar mixtures were cast by varying the dose of NS from 0–3 %, and MPC 0–2.5 % and their fresh properties were obtained from the slump, setting time and flow value. The compressive strengths of mortars showed an increasing trend from 40 to 55 MPa with NS addition from 0–2.5 wt% at an optimal dose of 1 % MPC. The suspensions with and without NS fit well with Herschel‐Bulkley model, in the hysteresis cycle. The incorporation of NS at a threshold value below 2 % leads to a drastic change in viscosity with increasing time at a constant shear rate, implying. a thixotropy with yield‐type behaviour that are associated with the rebuilding of the flocculated structure with time. The nucleating effect of NS progressively improved the strength of the mix, due to the formation of compact gel microstructure which was confirmed by SEM micrograph with fewer pores. NS improves CSH gel and gelatinous silica phase in the matrix as is evident from the formation of the SiQ4 structural unit as it is absent in control. The poly (Sialate) structural unit in geopolymer ascertained from 29Si, 27Al MAS NMR chemical shift corresponds to Alq3(3Si) with the absence of remnant Al(IV) peak of Fly ash in NS (2.%) activated samples.
Acid‐Catalysed Cyclization ofo‐Aminobenzamide withα‐Oxodithioesters: A Divergent and Regioselective Synthesis of Quinazolinones and 1,3‐Benzothiazinones
Authors: Kiran Kuppalli R. , Swaroop Toreshettahally R. , Preetham Ramesh , Georghiou Paris E. , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Sadashiva Maralinganadoddi P.
Published: January 2023

Acid catalysed cyclization ofo‐aminobenzamide andα‐oxodithioesters in a highly regioselective fashion to give 2‐aroylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and 2‐aroyl‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]thiazin‐4‐ones by switching the reaction medium from DMF to acetic acid. Further, the generality of the stabilised protocols was tested with various functionalities. The range of yields for the quinazolinones and 1,3‐thiazinone are 57–67 % and 70–81 %, respectively. Probable mechanisms for the formation of the two series of products are proposed from control experiments.
(Diacetoxyiodo)benzene Mediated Oxidative Conversion of Erlenmeyer Azlactones to 2‐Substituted Oxazolines Under Basic Conditions: Synthesis of 4‐Methoxy‐2‐phenyl‐5‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydrooxazole‐4‐carboxylate
Authors: Shinde Rameshwar S. , Narnawre Aditya R. , Walke Prashik M. , Karade Nandkishor N.
Published: January 2023

One‐pot two stage oxidative transformation of Erlenmeyer azlactones to diversely substituted oxazoline derivatives have been accomplished using treatment with sodium methoxide followed by the reaction with trivalent iodine reagent such as (diacetoxyiodo)benzene as oxidant. The mild reaction conditions, metal‐free oxidative conversion, readily accessible starting materials and operational convenience are the important features of the methodology.
Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Novel Formazan Analogs Incorporated Fluorene Moiety
Authors: El Guesmi Nizar
Published: January 2023

A series of novel formazan analogs4 a–e, having MeO, Me, Cl, NO2atpara/meta‐position in 1‐phenyl ring was synthesized by treatment of 9‐fluorenone hydrazone2with a series of the hydrazonoyl chlorides3 a–e. The molecular structure elucidation of all newly synthesized formazans was achieved by using elemental analyses as well as spectroscopic tools. The substituent and solvatochromic effects of formazan derivatives in seventeen solvents with different chemical and physical properties were investigated by absorption spectroscopy. A small band shift is obtained in the absorption maxima as a function of solvent, displaying a less sensitivity of compounds4 a–eto solvent polarity. A noticeable variation in the absorption maxima (λmax) values was observed by modifying the electronic characteristic and positions of the substituents. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties were adressed by cyclic voltammetry measurements, and the influence of electron‐donating and withdrawing nature of the substituents on electrochemical properties of formazan derivatives has been studied. In addition, computational studies on the formazan structures were performed using B3LYP functional in DFT method at the 6‐31G(d,p) basis set, and the energy values related to their frontier orbitals (HOMO,LUMO) were estimated. A variety of reactivity descriptors, namely, ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), hardness (η), softness (S), chemical potential (μ), electronegativity (χ) and electrophilicity index (ω) have been determinedviaenergies values of HOMO and LUMO. The experimental data and theoretical results showed a good correlation.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed α‐ and Vicinal Bis‐Addition of P(O)H Compounds to Alkynoates
Authors: Il'in Anton V. , Khayarov Khasan R. , Anisimova Kristina S. , Islamov Daut R. , Kuchaev Evgenii S.
Published: January 2023

The efficient route to phosphine‐catalyzed preparation of α‐phosphoryl acrylates and vicinal bis‐phosphoryl propanoates was developed. The products of diarylphosphine oxide monoaddition and dibenzyl‐H‐phosphonate vicinal bis‐addition to ethylphenylpropiolate were obtained by using previously data on the reactivity and prototropic tautomerism of various classes of P(O)H compounds. In previous works devoted to the phosphine‐catalyzed addition of P(O)H compounds to this activated alkyne, the use of secondary phosphine oxides gave only vicinal bisphosphine oxides, while the addition of H‐phosphonates led only to α‐products. On the basis of this work and our previous studies, a series of the reactivity increase of P(O)H compounds in the phosphine‐catalyzed β‐addition reaction can be assumed: (AlkO)2P(O)H≤Ph(EtO)P(O)H<(BnO)2P(O)H<(m‐(CH3)2C6H3)2P(O)H<p‐Tol2P(O)H<Ph2P(O)H. The α‐umpolung addition is less dependent on nature of P(O)H compounds. The increased reactivity of Ph2P(O)H can be used for the introduction of several groups at once: phosphonate and phosphine oxide at the multiple bond of alkyne with or without the isolation of the α‐addition intermediate.
Synthesis of Amide Derivatives as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibiting Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Kannekanti Praveen kumar , Nukala Satheesh Kumar , Bangaru Mallikarjuna , Sirassu Narsimha , Manchal Ravinder , Thirukovela Narasimha Swamy
Published: January 2023

Herein, we synthesized some new imidazole‐tetrazole‐amide hybrids (7 a–o) and investigated their antiproliferative activity on three human cancer cell lines like HEPG2, A549 and MCF‐7. Generally, most of them displayed more activity on A549 than other two cell lines. Specifically, compounds N‐(3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(5‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)acetamide (7 b) and N‐(4‐chloro‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(5‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)acetamide (7 m) had almost similar potency on A549, while, they had significant activity on MCF‐7 in comparison to the standard drug Combretastatin A‐4 (CA‐4). Besides, compounds 4‐(2‐(5‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)acetyl)benzonitrile (7 j) and N‐(3,5‐dichlorophenyl)‐2‐(5‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)acetamide (7 k) showed most promising activity against A549 as compared to the CA‐4. The uppermost activity against A549 found for the compounds 7 j and 7 m have IC50 values 1.09 and 1.26 μM respectively. The ability of potent compounds 7 b, 7 j, 7 k and 7 m to inhibit the tubulin polymerization was then studied and found that compounds 7 b and 7 m exhibited promising potency in comparison to the CA‐4. Further, molecular docking studies of compounds 7 b, 7 j, 7 k and 7 m into the tubulin's colchicine‐binding site revealed the possible interactions with tubulin. Finally, in silico ADMET studies revealed that compounds 7 b, 7 j, 7 k and 7 m showed high GI absorption and followed rules of Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan and Muegge without any deviation. Further anticancer mechanism studies are under progress.
Comparative Photocatalytic Activity and Total Organic Carbon Removal Efficiency of TiO2 And ZnO for Reactive Black 5 Photodegradation
Authors: Çiçek Özkan Betül , Selen Veyis , Gülyüz Feyza , Dursun Gülbeyi
Published: January 2023

The photocatalytic performance of TiO2 and ZnO was comparatively studied for photocatalytic degradation of reactive black 5 (RB5) under artificial UVC irradiation. The effect of initial solution pH, catalyst concentration, initial RB5 concentration, purging oxygen rate, stirring rate, and process temperature on the degradation process by TiO2 and ZnO was investigated. In addition, total organic carbon (TOC) analysis has been employed for each parameter to detect the presence of organic intermediates and the photodegradation performance of catalysts simultaneously with the photocatalytic degradation process. The RB5 photodegradation was more rapid in the aqueous medium by TiO2 under UVC irradiation compared to the catalysis by ZnO. On the other hand, the slower photocatalysis by ZnO resulted in generating more organic intermediates. The structural and morphological analyses of photocatalysts TiO2 and ZnO were performed using XRD and FE‐SEM techniques. The UV‐vis spectroscopy measurements supported that the TiO2 demonstrated evidently better photocatalytic activity than ZnO for RB5 degradation.
Synthesis of a Coal Fly Ash‐Based NaP Zeolite Using the Microwave‐Ultrasonic Assisted Method: Preparation, Growth Mechanism, and Kinetics
Authors: Liu Yixuan , Zhou Tengteng , Chen Xingxing , Li Hua , Xu Xiuli , Dou Jinxiao , Yu Jianglong
Published: January 2023

Fly ash was used as the raw material to prepare coal fly ash‐based NaP zeolite using the microwave‐ultrasonic‐hydrothermal method. The obtained NaP zeolite has a completed crystal structure, regular surface morphology, uniform particle size (about 1.6 um), large specific surface area (48.85 m2/g) and good thermal stability. Under microwave and ultrasonic external fields, the coal fly ash‐based NaP zeolite crystals grow in an S‐shape, achieving single crystal growth and uniform crystal growth size. The activation energy of NaP zeolite crystal growth Ea is 2.08 kJ/mol, the pre‐exponential factor A is 85.63.
Carrier‐Free ATP‐Activated Nanoparticles for Combined Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy under Near‐Infrared Light
Authors: Su Zehou , Xi Dongmei , Chen Yingchao , Wang Ran , Zeng Xiaolong , Xiong Tao , Xia Xiang , Rong Xiang , Liu Ting , Liu Wenkai , Du Jianjun , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun , Sun Wen
Published: January 2023

The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy (chemo‐photodynamic therapy) for enhancing cancer therapeutic efficiency has attracted tremendous attention in the recent years. However, limitations, such as low local concentration, non‐suitable treatment light source, and uncontrollable release of therapeutic agents, result in reduced combined treatment efficacy. This study considered adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is highly upregulated in tumor cells, as a biomarker and developed ingenious ATP‐activated nanoparticles (CDNPs) that are directly self‐assembled from near‐infrared photosensitizer (Cy‐I) and amphiphilic Cd(II) complex (DPA‐Cd). After selective entry into tumor cells, the positively charged CDNPs would escape from lysosomes and be disintegrated by the high ATP concentration in the cytoplasm. The released Cy‐I is capable of producing single oxygen (1O2) for PDT with 808 nm irradiation and DPA‐Cd can concurrently function for chemotherapy. Irradiation with 808 nm light can lead to tumor ablation in tumor‐bearing mice after intravenous injection of CDNPs. This carrier‐free nanoparticle offers a new platform for chemo‐photodynamic therapy.
Revealing the Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Controllably Doped Donor‐Acceptor Copolymer: The Impact of Regioregularity
Authors: Zhang Yingyao , Deng Longhui , Cho Yongjoon , Lee Jungho , Shibayama Naoyuki , Zhang Zilong , Wang Can , Hu Zhenyu , Wang Jing , Wu Feiyan , Chen Lie , Du Yitian , Ren Fangbin , Yang Changduk , Gao Peng
Published: January 2023

Albeit considerable attention to the fast‐developing organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials due to their flexibility and non‐toxic features, it is still challenging to design an OTE polymer with superior thermoelectric properties. In this work, two “isomorphic” donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers are studied as the semiconductor in OTE devices, revealing for the first time the internal mechanism of regioregularity on thermoelectric performances in D–A type polymers. A higher molecular structure regularity can lead to higher crystalline order and mobility, higher doping efficiency, order of energy state, and thermoelectric (TE) performance. As a result, the regioregular P2F exhibits a maximum power factor (PF) of up to 113.27 µW m−1 K−2, more than three times that of the regiorandom PRF (35.35 µW m−1 K−2). However, the regular backbone also implies lower miscibility with a dopant, negatively affecting TE performance. Therefore, the trade‐off between doping efficiency and miscibility plays a vital role in OTE materials, and this work sheds light on the molecular design strategy of OTE polymers with state‐of‐the‐art performances.
Supramolecular Photonic Hydrogel for High‐Sensitivity Alkaline Phosphatase Detection via Synergistic Driving Force
Authors: Lu Dengfeng , Qin Meng , Zhao Yonghang , Li Hongxiang , Luo Longbo , Ding Chunmei , Cheng Pei , Su Meng , Li Huiying , Song Yanlin , Li Jianshu
Published: January 2023

Structurally‐colored photonic hydrogels which are fabricated by introducing hydrogels into thin films or photonic crystal structures are promising candidates for biosensing. Generally, the design of photonic hydrogel biosensors is based on the sensor‐analyte interactions induced charge variation within the hydrogel matrix, or chemically grafting binding sites onto the polymer chains, to achieve significant volume change and color variation of the photonic hydrogel. However, relatively low anti‐interference capability or complicated synthesis hinder the facile and low‐cost fabrication of high‐performance photonic hydrogel biosensors. Here, a facilely prepared supramolecular photonic hydrogel biosensor is developed for high‐sensitivity detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is an extensively considered clinical biomarker for a variety of diseases. Responding to ALP results in the broken supramolecular crosslinking and thus increased lattice distancing of the photonic hydrogel driven by synergistic repulsive force between nanoparticles embedded in photonic crystal structure and osmotic swelling pressure. The biosensor shows sensitivity of 7.3 nm spectral shift per mU mL−1 ALP, with detection limit of 0.52 mU mL−1. High‐accuracy colorimetric detection can be realized via a smartphone, promoting point‐of‐care sensing and timely diagnosis of related pathological conditions.
Controllable Preparation of 2D V2O5 Peroxidase‐Mimetic Nanozyme to Develop Portable Paper‐Based Analytical Device for Intelligent Pesticide Assay
Authors: Li Haiyin , Zhao Suixin , Wang Zhixin , Li Feng
Published: January 2023

Given severe harmfulness of pesticides, unique characteristics of peroxidase‐mimetic nanozymes, and favorable prospects of paper‐based analytical devices (PADs), it is highly desirable to construct a nanozyme‐based PAD for intelligent analysis of pesticide without enzyme/aptamer/antibody and interference of O2. Herein, 2D nanosheet‐like V2O5 (2D‐VONz) with exclusive peroxidase‐mimetic activity is controllably prepared under the optimal reactants concentration and reaction temperature. Experimental characterizations demonstrate that 2D‐VONz exhibits high affinity and catalytic rate, and catalytic oxidation is dependent on •OH yielded from the decomposition of H2O2 catalyzed by 2D‐VONz, and the catalytic performance is relevant to π–π stacking force‐controlled surface zeta potential of 2D‐VONz changed by substrates, giving a comprehensive understand of the inherent mechanism. Interestingly, 2D‐VONz activity is inhibited by pesticide glyphosate (Gly), and then is exploited to develop a PAD, on which, Gly declines 2D‐VONz activity to prevent it from catalyzing the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine, contributing to rapid, naked‐eye, and portable analysis of pesticide using a smartphone. The current strategy on preparing exclusive peroxidase‐mimetic 2D nanozyme, investigating catalytic mechanism, developing nanozyme‐based PAD, and achieving direct pesticide sensing will set up new avenues to improve the analytical performance, strengthen the practicability, and broaden the application scope of nanozymes.
Biomimetic Nanobomb for Synergistic Therapy with Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Liu Shuang , Zhang Tianshu , Li Shanshan , Wu Qingyuan , Wang Kexin , Xu Xican , Lu MingZhu , Shao Rongguang , Zhao Wuli , Liu Huiyu
Published: January 2023

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a type of cell with self‐renewal, unlimited proliferation, and insensitivity to common physical and chemical factors, are the key to cancer metastasis, recurrence, and chemo‐resistance. Available CSCs inhibition strategies are mainly based on small molecule drugs, yet are limited by their off‐target toxicity. The link between CSCs and non‐CSCs interconversion is difficult to sever. In this work, a nanotherapeutic strategy based on MnOx‐loaded polydopamine (MnOx/PDA) nanobombs with chemodynamic, photodynamic, photothermal and biodegradation properties to inhibit CSCs and non‐CSCs concurrently is reported. The MnOx/PDA nanobombs can directly disrupt the microenvironment and tumorigenic capacity of CSCs by generating hyperthermia, oxidative stress and alleviating hypoxia. The markers of CSCs are subsequently downregulated, leading to the clearance of CSCs. Meanwhile, the synergistic therapy mediated by MnOx/PDA nanobombs can directly ablate the bulk tumor cells, thus cutting off the supply of CSCs transformation. For tumor targeting, MnOx/PDA is coated with macrophage membrane. The final tumor inhibition rate of the synergistic therapy is 70.8% in colorectal cancer (CRC) model. Taken together, the present work may open up the exploration of nanomaterial‐based synergistic therapy for the simultaneous elimination of therapeutically resistant CSCs and non‐CSCs.
Quasi‐Homogeneous and Hierarchical Electronic Textiles with Porosity‐Hydrophilicity Dual‐Gradient for Unidirectional Sweat Transport, Electrophysiological Monitoring, and Body‐Temperature Visualization
Authors: Dong Jiancheng , Peng Yidong , Wang Dan , Li Le , Zhang Chao , Lai Feili , He Guanjie , Zhao Xu , Yan Xiu‐Ping , Ma Piming , Hofkens Johan , Huang Yunpeng , Liu Tianxi
Published: January 2023

On‐skin electronics based on impermeable elastomers and stacking structures often suffer from inferior sweat‐repelling capabilities and severe mechanical mismatch between sub‐layers employed, which significantly impedes their lengthy wearing comfort and functionality. Herein, inspired by the transpiration system of vascular plants and the water diode phenomenon, a hierarchical nonwoven electronic textile (E‐textile) with multi‐branching microfibers and robust interlayer adhesion is rationally developed. The layer‐by‐layer electro‐airflow spinning method and selective oxygen plasma treatment are utilized to yield a porosity‐hydrophilicity dual‐gradient. The resulting E‐textile shows unidirectional, nonreversible, and anti‐gravity water transporting performance even upon large‐scale stretching (250%), excellent mechanical matching between sub‐layers, as well as a reversible color‐switching ability to visualize body temperature. More importantly, the conducting and skin‐conformal E‐textile demonstrates accurate and stable detecting capability for biomechanical and bioelectrical signals when applied as an on‐skin bioelectrode, including different human activities, electrocardiography, electromyogram, and electrodermal activity signals. Further, the E‐textile can be efficiently implemented in human‐machine interfaces to build a gesture‐controlled dustbin and a smart acousto‐optic alarm. Hence, this hierarchically‐designed E‐textile with integrated functionalities offers a practical and innovative method for designing comfortable and daily applicable on‐skin electronics.
NiO/Ni Heterojunction on N‐Doped Hollow Carbon Sphere with Balanced Dielectric Loss for Efficient Microwave Absorption
Authors: Li Bei , Ma Ziqian , Zhang Xiao , Xu Jia , Chen Yujin , Zhang Xitian , Zhu Chunling
Published: January 2023

Hollow carbon spheres are potential candidates for lightweight microwave absorbers. However, the skin effect of pure carbon‐based materials frequently induces a terrible impedance mismatching issue. Herein, small‐sized NiO/Ni particles with heterojunctions on the N‐doped hollow carbon spheres (NHCS@NiO/Ni) are constructed using SiO2 as a sacrificing template. The fabricated NHCS@NiO/Ni displayed excellent microwave absorbability with a minimum reflection loss of −44.04 dB with the matching thickness of 2 mm and a wider efficient absorption bandwidth of 4.38 GHz with the thickness of 1.7 mm, superior to most previously reported hollow absorbers. Experimental results demonstrated that the excellent microwave absorption property of the NHCS@NiO/Ni are attributed to balanced dielectric loss and optimized impedance matching characteristic due to the presence of NiO/Ni heterojunctions. Theoretical calculations suggested that the redistribution of charge at the interfaces and formation of dipoles induced by N dopants and defects are responsible for the enhanced conduction and polarization losses of NHCS@NiO/Ni. The simulations for the surface current and power loss densities reveal that the NHCS@NiO/Ni has‑ applicable attenuation ability toward microwave under the practical application scenario. This work paves an efficient way for the reasonable design of small‐sized particles with well‐defined heterojunctions on hollow nanostructures for high‐efficiency microwave absorption.
Pull‐out capacity prediction of sustainable cementitious composites with artificial intelligence and statistical methods
Authors: Unsalan Kevser , Balcikanli Bankir Muzeyyen , Cansiz Omer Faruk
Published: January 2023

Concrete is used with reinforcement in structures so adherence gains importance especially in fire scenarios. To contribute production of sustainable concrete, by‐products like granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, and silica fume were used, generally. In this study, to determine the elevated temperature resistance of by‐product‐added composites, samples were exposed to 250, 500, and 750°C and bonding behavior of composites was determined with pull‐out test. Moreover, prediction models were developed to estimate concrete‐reinforcement adherence values without experimentation and importantly before a fire. For the prediction models, considering the cross correlation, the mixture type, temperature, compressive strength, and flexural strength of concretes were selected as independent variables different from literature and pull‐out capacity (POC) as dependent variable. Artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were used for prediction models. As a statistical method, multiple linear regression was used. The performances of pull out prediction models were compared according to coefficient of correlation (R), mean square error (MSE), and mean percentage error (MPE). Among the statistical models, Quadratic and pure quadratic performance surpassed the ANFIS model, which is a combination of ANN and fuzzy techniques. The best performance was obtained in ANN model with 99.85%, 3.65 kg, 3.1% for R, MSE and MPE, respectively. Therefore, ANN can provide a new applicable model to effectively predict POC of by‐product‐added cementituous composites under fire effect.
Carbon reinforced concrete exposed to high temperatures
Authors: Holz Karoline , Curbach Manfred
Published: January 2023

The material behavior of carbon reinforced concrete exposed to high temperatures was examined in 118 tensile and 81 bond tests using two material combinations. This analysis served to determine resilient material values under temperature influence for current carbon reinforcements and to show starting points for further test series. In this article, the test specimens for the tensile and bond tests are described in detail as well as the used test setup. Special attention is given to the physical–chemical behavior of the impregnated material, which were analyzed namely with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, the results of the tensile and bond tests under different temperature exposures are presented and classified.
Canguilhem and the Logic of Life
Authors: Etxeberria Arantza , Wolfe Charles T.
Published: January 2023

We examine aspects of Canguilhem’s philosophy of biology, concerning the knowledge of life and its consequences on science and vitalism. His concept of life stems from the idea of a living individual endowed with creative subjectivity and norms, a Kantian view which “disconcerts logic.” In contrast, we examine two naturalistic perspectives in the 1970s exploring the logic of life (Jacob) and the logic of the living individual (Maturana and Varela). Canguilhem can be considered to be a precursor of the second view, but there are divergences; for example, unlike them, he does not dismiss vitalism, often referring to it in his work, and even at times describing himself as a vitalist. The reason may lie in their different views of science.
Introduction
Authors: Vujadinović Dragica , Fröhlich Mareike , Giegerich Thomas
Published: January 2023

The introduction provides an overview of the background of the textbook and explains its purpose as well as its expectations. The larger context for the need for gender-competent legal education is presented. In addition, the structure of the textbook and the chapters covered are briefly introduced.
Gender Equitable Taxation
Authors: Cedro Marco , Kristoffersson Eleonor , Aricha Teresa Pontón , Živković Lidija
Published: January 2023

From Adam Smith’s 1776 classic “The Wealth of Nations” until modern times, the principle of fairness has remained one of the crucial principles on which tax systems are to be based. However, even modern tax and budgetary systems are far from being gender equitable. This chapter provides an analysis of the ways in which taxation, as well as the subsequent spending of resources collected therewith, influence gender equality within a household, at the workplace and within the broader economy. This analysis should enable the reader to utilise the gender equality principle as a framework for re-evaluating the applicable national and international sources of tax law, as well as public expenditure management on various levels of the government. This chapter will show why gender equality should become a priority for governments when creating their fiscal policy and executing their budgets.
Gender Equality Aspects of Public Law
Authors: Davinić Marko , Kristoffersson Eleonor , Marinković Tanasije
Published: January 2023

This chapter portrays the initial appearance of modern public law in late eighteen-century Europe as homocentric, and its gradual profiling, in the centuries to follow, across the globe, as gender-balanced. It also addresses the reforming force of the international instruments in achieving gender-balanced public law on a national level, as well as the inherent limits of those instruments due to the inevitable pluralism of public law approaches to gender equality in areas of reasonable disagreement. Furthermore, authors will analyse structural, institutional, and cultural factors that play a part in the underrepresentation of women at all worldwide governmental levels. However, they emphasise that electing more women in state institutions is only the first step. What is necessary is to ensure that women have a tangible impact on public policies. Thus, they conclude that empowering women is a multi-layered process that is much more complex than choosing an equal number of women in state institutions. Public law aspects on gender-based violence as well as anti-discrimination measures are also included in this chapter.
Protecting pollinators and our food supply: understanding and managing threats to pollinator health
Authors: Siviter H. , Fisher A. , Baer B. , Brown M. J. F. , Camargo I. F. , Cole J. , Le Conte Y. , Dorin B. , Evans J. D. , Farina W. , Fine J. , Fischer L. R. , Garratt M. P. D. , Giannini T. C. , Giray T. , Li-Byarlay H. , López-Uribe M. M. , Nieh J. C. , Przybyla K. , Raine N. E. , Ray A. M. , Singh G. , Spivak M. , Traynor K. , Kapheim K. M. , Harrison J. F.
Published: January 2023

Global pollinator declines threaten food production and natural ecosystems. The drivers of declines are complicated and driven by numerous factors such as pesticide use, loss of habitat, rising pathogens due to commercial bee keeping and climate change. Halting and reversing pollinator declines will require a multidisciplinary approach and international cooperation. Here, we summarize 20 presentations given in the symposium ‘Protecting pollinators and our food supply: Understanding and managing threats to pollinator health’ at the 19th Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects in San Diego, 2022. We then synthesize the key findings and discuss future research areas such as better understanding the impact of anthropogenic stressors on wild bees.
Think Differently We Must! An AI Manifesto for the Future
Authors: Dahlin Emma
Published: January 2023

There is a problematic tradition of dualistic and reductionist thinking in artificial intelligence (AI) research, which is evident in AI storytelling and imaginations as well as in public debates about AI. Dualistic thinking is based on the assumption of a fixed reality and a hierarchy of power, and it simplifies the complex relationships between humans and machines. This commentary piece argues that we need to work against the grain of such logics and instead develop a thinking that acknowledges AI–human interconnectedness and the complexity in such relations. To learn how to live better with AI in futures to come, the paper suggests an AI politics that turns to practices of serious attentiveness to help us re-imagine our machines and re-configure AI–human relations.
Laminar dynamics of deep projection neurons and mode of subplate formation are hallmarks of histogenetic subdivisions of the human cingulate cortex before onset of arealization
Authors: Junaković Alisa , Kopić Janja , Duque Alvaro , Rakic Pasko , Krsnik Željka , Kostović Ivica
Published: January 2023

The cingulate gyrus, as a prominent part of the human limbic lobe, is involved in the integration and regulation of complex emotional, executive, motivational, and cognitive functions, attributed to several functional regions along the anteroposterior axis. In contrast to increasing knowledge of cingulate function in the adult brain, our knowledge of cingulate development is based primarily on classical neuroembryological studies. We aimed to reveal the laminar and cellular development of the various cingulate regions during the critical period from 7.5 to 15 postconceptional weeks (PCW) before the formation of Brodmann type arealization, employing diverse molecular markers on serial histological sections of postmortem human fetal brains. The study was performed by analysis of: (1) deep projection neuron (DPN) markers laminar dynamics, (2) all transient laminar compartments, and (3) characteristic subplate (SP) formation-expansion phase. We found that DPN markers labeling an incipient cortical plate (CP) were the first sign of regional differentiation of the dorsal isocortical and ventral mesocortical belt. Remarkably, increased width of the fibrillar marginal zone (MZ) towards the limbus, in parallel with the narrowing of CP containing DPN, as well as the diminishment of subventricular zone (SVZ) were reliable landmarks of early mesocortical differentiation. Finally, the SP formation pattern was shown to be a crucial event in the isocortical cingulate portion, given that the mesocortical belt is characterized by an incomplete CP delamination and absence of SP expansion. In conclusion, laminar DPN markers dynamics, together with the SVZ size and mode of SP formation indicate regional belt-like cingulate cortex differentiation before the corpus callosum expansion and several months before Brodmann type arealization.
Characteristic differences in tropospheric delay between Nevada Geodetic Laboratory products and NWM ray-tracing
Authors: Ding Junsheng , Chen Junping , Wang Jungang , Zhang Yize
Published: January 2023

Numerical weather models (NWMs) are important data sources for space geodetic techniques. Additionally, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provides many observations to continuously improve and enhance the NWM. Existing comparative analysis experiments on NWM tropospheric and GNSS tropospheric delays suffer from being conducted in highly specific regions with limited spatial coverage; furthermore, the length of time for the experiment is too short for analyzing seasonal characteristics, and the insufficient number of stations limits spatial density, making it difficult to obtain the equipment-dependent distribution characteristics. After strict quality control and data preprocessing, we have calculated and compared the bias and standard deviation of tropospheric delay for approximately 7000 selected Nevada Geodetic Laboratory (NGL) GNSS stations in 2020 with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) hourly ray-traced tropospheric delay for the same group of stations. Characterizations in time, space, and linkage to receivers and antennas reveal positive biases of approximately 4 mm in the NGL zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) relative to the NWM ZTD over most of the globe; moreover, there is a seasonal amplitude reaching 6 mm in the bias, and an antenna-related mean bias of approximately 1.6 mm in the NGL tropospheric delay. The obtained results can be used to provide a priori tropospheric delays with appropriate uncertainties; additionally, they can be applied to assess the suitability of using NWMs for real-time positioning solutions.
No strong association among epigenetic modifications by DNA methylation, telomere length, and physical fitness in biological aging
Authors: Seki Yasuhiro , Aczel Dora , Torma Ferenc , Jokai Matyas , Boros Anita , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Higuchi Mitsuru , Tanisawa Kumpei , Boldogh Istvan , Horvath Steve , Radak Zsolt
Published: January 2023

Cellular senescence is greatly accelerated by telomere shortening, and the steps forward in human aging are strongly influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors, whether DNA methylation (DNAm) is affected by exercise training, remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the relationships between physiological functions, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), vertical jump, working memory, telomere length (TL) assessed by RT-PCR, DNA methylation-based estimation of TL (DNAmTL), and DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging of master rowers (N = 146) and sedentary subjects (N = 95), aged between 37 and 85 years. It was found that the TL inversely correlated with chronological age. We could not detect an association between telomere length and VO2max, vertical jump, and working memory by RT-PCR method, while these physiological test results showed a correlation with DNAmTL. DNAmGrimAge and DNAmPhenoAge acceleration were inversely associated with telomere length assessed by both methods. It appears that there are no strong beneficial effects of exercise or physiological fitness on telomere shortening, however, the degree of DNA methylation is associated with telomere length.
Rekindling of de Broglie–Bohm Pilot Wave Theory in the Late Twentieth Century: A Personal Account
Authors: Dewdney Christopher
Published: January 2023

David Bohm published his “Suggested Interpretation of Quantum Theory in Terms of Hidden Variables” some twenty five years after Louis de Broglie first presented his similar Pilot Wave theory of quantum mechanics. In the following 30 years what became known as the de Broglie–Bohm approach to quantum theory was to a large extent ignored within the physics community. Even David Bohm himself became somewhat disillusioned with the lack of impact of his interpretation of quantum theory and he directed his interest elsewhere. But some 27 years after Bohm had published his interpretation of quantum theory, interest was rekindled in part by new, detailed calculations that demonstrated clearly and graphically, exactly how his interpretation explained quantum phenomena in terms of well defined individual particle trajectories. These computations encompassed two-slit interference, quantum tunnelling, neutron interferometry, Wheeler’s delayed choice experiment, orbital and intrinsic angular momentum, quantum measurement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen nonlocal correlations for orbital angular momentum, intrinsic angular momentum and correlated particle interferometry. Since then, the acceptance of the validity of de Broglie–Bohm theory has steadily grown, as has the interest in the consequences of the approach. For my contribution to the current celebratory volume I was asked to provide a personal review specifically of this novel work within its historical context of the last quarter of the twentieth century.
Differential aluminum tolerance and absorption characteristics in Pinus massoniana seedlings colonized with ectomycorrhizal fungi of Lactarius deliciosus and Pisolithus tinctorius
Authors: Gu Xirong , Jia Hao , Wang Xiaohe , Jiang Yanan , Li Jie , He Xinhua
Published: January 2023

Plant tolerance to aluminum (Al) toxicity can be enhanced by an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus through biological filtering or physical blockage. To understand the roles of ECM colonization in Al absorption with regard to Al tolerance, Pinus massoniana seedlings were inoculated with either Lactarius deliciosus (L.:Fr.) Gray isolate 2 or Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker et Couch isolate 715 and cultivated in an acid yellow soil with or without 1.0 mM Al3+ irrigation for 10 weeks. Biomass production, Al bioaccumulation and transport in seedlings colonized by the two ECM fungi were compared, and the three absorption kinetics (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion) models used to evaluate variances in root Al3+ absorption capacity. Results show that both fungi increased aboveground biomass and Al tolerance of P. massoniana seedlings, but L. deliciosus 2 was more effective than P. tinctorius 715. Lower Al absorption capacity, fewer available active sites and decreased affinity and boundary layer thickness for Al3+, and higher Al accumulation and translocation contributed to the increased Al tolerance in the ECM-inoculated seedlings. These results advance our understanding of the mechanisms and strategies in plant Al-tolerance conferred by ECM fungi and show that inoculation with L. deliciosus will better enhance Al tolerance in P. massoniana seedlings used for forest plantation and ecosystem restoration in acidic soils, particularly in Southwest China and similar soils worldwide.