bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marketing arquivístico: uma análise curricular do curso de graduação em arquivologia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Authors: Almeida Jobson Louis Santos de , Silva Helane Cibeyl Albuquerque da , Freire Gustavo Henrique de Araújo
Published: April 2016

Abordagem teórica a partir de um estudo de caso. Busca compreender a real necessidade de se aplicar os conceitos e técnicas de Marketing na área da Arquivologia. Pretende-se identificar o grau de relevância que é dado para a disciplina de Marketing nas pesquisas e estudos arquivísticos, possibilitando, portanto, a construção de um referencial teórico que auxilie na compreensão e aceitação por parte de pesquisadores e profissionais da inserção do Marketing como disciplina necessária na formação profissional dos arquivistas. Utiliza o método hipotético–dedutivo, aplicando-se a técnica de observação indireta (pesquisa documental e bibliográfica). Analisa o Projeto Político-Pedagógico do Curso de Graduação em Arquivologia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, e os periódicos científicos de maior destaque na área de Ciência da Informação. Foram realizadas consultas a profissionais e docentes que trabalham com questões arquivísticas contemporâneas. Após análise dos dados coletados, a pesquisa resultou na comprovação do argumento de que com a aplicação das técnicas de marketing pelo profissional arquivista, a unidade de informação (arquivo), passa a ser mais reconhecida como elemento indispensável à exeqüibilidade das funções administrativas. Para tanto, faz-se necessário que este (o profissional), esteja freqüentemente atualizado com as novas técnicas arquivísticas desenvolvidas em âmbito acadêmico, possibilitando a oferta de serviços de qualidade. O marketing pode se tornar uma ferramenta estratégica de vantagem competitiva para este profissional de potencial ainda desconhecido pelo mercado.AbstractTheoretical approach starting from a case study. This work tries to understand the real need of applying the Marketing concepts and techniques in the field of Archivology. Seeks to identify the degree of relevance that is attributed to the Marketing discipline in researches concerning archival studies, allowing the construction of a theoretical framework to help the understanding and acceptance of Marketing as a discipline required to the formation of professional archivists. In this research it is applied the technique of indirect observation (documentary and bibliographic research), and it is analyzed the Political and Pedagogical Project (PPP) of the undergraduate course in Archivology of the Federal University of Paraíba. Prestigious scientific journals in the area of Information Science are also used. It is demonstrated the argument that with the use of marketing techniques by the professional archivist, an information unit (archive) becomes recognized as an indispensable element for the practice of management tasks. Indicates that the professional archivist needs to be updated with the archival techniques developed in academic environment, enabling the offer of quality services. Concludes that Marketing can become a strategic tool for competitive advantage for the professional archivist.
ESTUDOS GEOMORFOLÓGICOS EM ÁREA DE MINERAÇÃO EM PORTUGAL: CARTOGRAFIA GEOMORFOLÓGICA PARA ANÁLISE DO IMPACTO ANTRÓPICO SOBRE O RELEVO
Authors: Paschoal Letícia Giuliana , Ramos Anabela Martins , Cunha Lúcio José Sobral da , Cunha Cenira Maria Lupinacci da
Published: April 2016

O mapeamento geomorfológico de detalhe fornece informações que permitem realizar uma análise minuciosa dos elementos que compõem o relevo, sejam esses elementos naturais ou derivados da ação antrópica. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de cartografia geomorfológica de detalhe aplicada à análise do relevo em área afetada pela atividade de mineração em território português. A proposta baseia-se na adaptação das orientações da escola francesa de geomorfologia, a qual fundamenta diversos mapeamentos geomorfológicos desenvolvidos pelo Centro de Estudos de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território (CEGOT) da Universidade de Coimbra, em Portugal, e também norteia os mapeamentos geomorfológicos desenvolvidos no Laboratório de Geomorfologia (LAGEO) da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Rio Claro, Brasil. Para tanto, uma área de estudo em território português foi selecionada, por se apresentar impactada por unidades extrativas de calcário, areia e argila. O mapeamento geomorfológico geral de uma área de 177 km2, situada a Sul de Coimbra, na escala 1:25.000, foi realizado com o intuito de reconhecimento das formas e processos que ali operam. Com base nesse mapeamento, dois setores afetados pela atividade de mineiração foram identificados e mapeados na escala de detalhe de 1:10.000 para os anos de 1958, 1995 e 2013. As modificações sobre a superfície e sub-superfície terrestre causada pelo ser humano em áreas de mineração implicaram na alteração nas dimensões de elementos passíveis de serem mensurados. A comparação desses valores permitiu apontar a existência de alterações antrópicas nos locais destinados às atividades mineiras. Como resultado, realizou-se uma avaliação da potencialidade da aplicação desta técnica na obtenção de parâmetros geoindicadores alusivos às formas, materiais e processos geomorfológicos, identificados por meio da quantificação de dados.
VARIAÇÃO ESPACIAL DO INTEMPERISMO NA BACIA DO RIO TURVO, MÉDIO VALE DO RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL (RJ) – SUBSÍDIOS AO ENTENDIMENTO DO BALANÇO DE DENUDAÇÃO QUÍMICA E MECÂNICA
Authors: Riccioni de Melos Aline , Ferreira Beserra Suellen , Erthal Santelli Ricardo , Coelho Netto Ana Luiza , Mendes Julio Cesar
Published: April 2016

Estudos desenvolvidos na bacia do rio Turvo, no médio vale do rio Paraíba do Sul, instiga o aprofundamento da investigação sobre a evolução do relevo, pois ela apresenta feições geomorfológicas distintas em suas duas sub-bacias principais. Enquanto na sub-bacia do rio Turvo são encontradas inúmeras depressões fechadas em divisores de drenagem a sub-bacia do rio das Pedras apresenta menor frequência destas feições, sugerindo funcionamentos distintos nas suas duas principais sub-bacias. Diante deste quadro, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a natureza e a magnitude das variações espaciais do balanço de denudação química e mecânica entre as sub-bacias do rio das Pedras e Turvo. Para tanto, foi feita uma varredura hidroquímica das águas superficiais, assim como análises mineralógicas, texturais e químicas de perfis de intemperismo e rochas. A hidroquímica apontou maiores concentrações de todos os elementos determinados na sub-bacia do rio das Pedras, sugerindo maior disponibilidade desses elementos nos perfis de intemperismo, assim como a existência de perfis menos espessos, que possibilitam  a chegada de água à frente de intemperismo. As taxas de intemperismo indicam perfis altamente intemperizados em ambas sub-bacias (Chemical Index of Alteration>75), todavia aponta a presença de perfis mais alterados na sub-bacia do rio Turvo. Logo, é possível concluir que os processos de denudação química dominam a evolução da sub-bacia do rio Turvo, enquanto os processos de denudação mecânica são mais atuantes na sub-bacia do rio das Pedras, apesar de apresentarem menor magnitude do que na bacia do rio Bananal, localizada na margem oposta do rio Paraíba do Sul
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DAS NASCENTES NA DESNUDAÇÃO GEOQUÍMICA: BORDA OESTE DA SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO MERIDIONAL (MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL)
Authors: Felippe Miguel Fernandes , Magalhães Jr Antônio Pereira
Published: April 2016

Processos geoquímicos estão associados ao intemperismo e à desnudação em ambientes úmidos. Perdas geoquímicas em bacias hidrográficas e sistemas fluviais já foram estudadas em várias partes do mundo, comprovando a sua efetividade. Todavia, o papel das nascentes de cursos d’água na desnudação geoquímica é praticamente desconhecido. Esse artigo investiga a contribuição das nascentes para as perdas geoquímicas, estudando dois casos na borda oeste da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional.  Os resultados mostram que a origem hidrogeológica e a dinâmica hidrogeomorfológica das nascentes são os principais fatores controladores da sua contribuição para a desnudação geoquímica. Assim, enquanto algumas nascentes em rochas quarzíticas apresentaram perda geoquímica inferior a 10,0 kg/y, uma das nascentes carbonáticas superou 45.000,0 kg/y (valor comparável a canais de maiores ordens). Portanto, o papel das nascentes para a desnudação geoquímica e, consequentemente, para a evolução da paisagem é mais significativo e complexo do que se pressupunha.
CARTOGRAFIA GEOLÓGICA E GEOMORFOLÓGICA DE CROSTAS LATERÍTICAS NA PORÇÃO NORTE DO ESTADO DE RONDÔNIA
Authors: Herrera Isabel Leonor Iza Echeverria , Silva Filho Eliomar Pereira da , Iza Edgar Romeo Herrera de Figueiredo , Coimbra Horbe Adriana Maria
Published: April 2016

A cartografia geológica e geomorfológica na Amazônia é pouco detalhada, comumente apresenta descrições superficiais e subestimam significativamente as áreas lateríticas. Nesse sentido, no intuito de contribuir para o detalhamento da cartografia na porção norte de Rondônia, recorreu-se a estudos para estabelecer a relação entre a formação de lateritos e os aspectos geomorfológicos. Imagens SRTM, mapas geomorfológicos e geológicos foram integrados e correlacionados para identificar áreas de crostas lateríticas e suas feições geomorfológicas associadas. Na área de estudo, as crostas lateríticas ocorrem associadas a platôs com altitudes entre 120 e 150 m e entre 180 e 204 m, todas com declividades inferiores a 2% e densidade de drenagem muito baixa. Ocupam aproximadamente 264 km2 representando 6,55% da área de estudo e geram desníveis locais de até 30 m de altura, especialmente na margem direita do rio Madeira. As crostas lateríticas têm espessuras de até 6 m, são ferruginosas, constituídas principalmente por hematita, goethita, quartzo, raramente caulinita e gibbsita, e apresentam estrutura colunar e textura pisolítica/nodular. A avaliação e posterior integração das imagens identificação de novas áreas de ocorrência de crostas lateríticas. Essa integração orientou e facilitou sobremaneira os trabalhos de campo, permitiu a ampliação das áreas de ocorrência de crostas lateríticas e o consequente refinamento dos mapas existentes.
El nuevo régimen de entrada, libre circulación y residencia de ciudadanos comunitarios y “asimilados”
Authors: Ortega Giménez Alfonso
Published: April 2016

España, en los últimos tiempos, se ha aproximado a los porcentajes de población extranjera de los demás Estados miembros de la Unión Europea (UE). La adhesión de España a las Comunidades Europeas como Estado miembro de pleno derecho, mientras no se logre algún tipo de normativa armonizada de origen comunitario, le obliga a fijar el régimen jurídico aplicable a los nacionales comunitarios en nuestro territorio. Desde ese momento, España -en los últimos tiempo, país receptor de ciudadanos comunitarios-, se ha ocupado de fijar las formalidades administrativas para el ejercicio de los derechos de entrada, salida y permanencia en España por parte de los ciudadanos de sus Estados miembros para la realización de actividades por cuenta ajena, o por cuenta propia.
Human Rights Arrangement on Indonesian Law
Authors: Sardol S Masribut
Published: April 2016

Article 1 paragraph (3) of the Constitution of 1945 (UUD 1945) stated that Indonesia is a Rule of Law. One feature of the Rule of Law is the existence of human rights in the state administration. Indonesia, since independence on August 17, 1945 has asserted the defense of human rights as stated in the opening clause and in the torso of the 1945 Constitution Article 27-34. In the era of reform, on the Government of President Habibie, the President and the Parliament ratified the UN convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading human dignity into Law number 5 of 1998. Then the MPR also publishes the statutes of MPR No. XVII/MPR/1998 on Human Rights, which was followed up with the appearance of Law No. 39 of 1999 on human rights. In accordance with the law in Indonesia based on the sort of Law No. 12 of 2011, the actual products that have been issued by the Government (the MPR, DPR and President) that follow up the substance of Human Rights in the Constitution with established Assembly and the law is already correct. But when the MPR then does the second amendment to the Constitution on August 18, 2000 by adding a special article chapters and contains about Human Rights (as mentioned in Chapter X-A section 28 A-J), have made the complexity hierarchy of law in Indonesia because it is not in accordance with the substance of article 7 of Law No. 12 of 2011.
Outer Children Marriages Status After Constitutional Court Decision No: 46/PUU-VII/2010
Authors: Purwaningsih Sri Budi
Published: April 2016

The decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia No.46/PUU-VIII / 2010 dated 17 February 2012, granted the judicial review of Article 43 (1) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage by deciding that the article should read "Children who are born outside of marriage just had a civil relationship with her mother and her mother's family as well as with men as a father who can be proved based on science and technology and / or evidence, has blood ties according to law, including a civil relationship with his father's family". This Indonesian Constitutional Court's decision bring Juridical consequence that illegitimate children not only have a legal relationship with her mother, but also has a legal relationship with the father (biological) and his father's family, as long as it is proven with science and technology. The Constitutional Court's decision is a starting point in the legal protection of illegitimate children, namely the "right alignment" between the illegitimate child with the legitimate son. Illegitimate children have the rights to demand their civil rights toward their father (biological) as the same rights obtained by the legitimate son. How To Cite: Purwaningsih, S. (2014). Outer Children Marriages Status After Constitutional Court Decision No: 46/PUU-VII/2010. Rechtsidee, 1(1), 119-130. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v1i1.99
Sales with Privately Made Deed Over The Object Under Hak Tanggungan Based on The Authorization to Sell in Banking Practice
Authors: Purwaningsih Sri Budi
Published: April 2016

The extension of credit contain a risk that must be covered by the bank, because the credit is given now and pay later. To minimize the risk of loans, the bank will ask the debtor to provide collateral as a source of repayment of the debt if the debtor default or breach of the contract. According to Article 1131 Civil Code (KUH Perdata), all assets of a debtor, either moving or fixed objects, both existing and new will exist in the future, a guarantee for all debts of the engagement. This means that by itself or in order to pass laws providing collateral by a debtor to any creditor for all debtor's property. Sales with Privately Made Deed over the object in the hak tanggungan banking practices may be more effective and efficient both in terms of time and costs for the settlement of non-performing loans. But in practice, occurs some offense prescribed procedure leading to doubts about the legality aspect of sales with privately made deed over the object under hak tanggungan based on the authorization to sell in banking practice. How To Cite: Purwaningsih, S. (2014). Sales with Privately Made Deed Over The Object Under Hak Tanggungan Based on The Authorization to Sell in Banking Practice. Rechtsidee, 1(2), 191-204. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v1i2.100
The Independence of Notary in The Civil Partnership of Notary
Authors: Agustin Adha Dia
Published: April 2016

The continued development of business in Indonesia, would make the greater role of the notary. The number of notaries and needed in each region in Indonesia gets greater. This rapid development, then coupled with the new policy. Previously, Peraturan Jabatan Notaris(PJN) prohibited Perserikatan, but since the establishment of Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN) has changed otherwise. Notary possible to make associations in a Civil Partnership. Even Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM RI Nomor: M.HH.01.AH.02.12 Tahun 2010 tentang Persyaratan Menjalankan Jabatan Notaris Dalam Bentuk Perserikatan Perdata described the formation of the implementing regulations of the Civil Partnership. Is it true that Civil Partnership would make science benefit for junior notary and will facilitate the work of a Notary Or it would make large colonies notary who compete each other, so that the function of a notary public is no longer as state officials, but it called the company deed. This journal examines the Civil Partnership in Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata and would review the principle of the independence of the notary as set forth in Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris. How To Cite: Agustin, A. (2014). The Independence of Notary in The Civil Partnership of Notary. Rechtsidee, 1(2), 131-146. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v1i2.102
Labour Rights Protection of Foreign Workers After Enactment of Law Number 6 of 2012 in Sidoarjo Regency
Authors: Phahlevy Rifqi Ridlo , Multazam Mochammad Tanzil , Mediawati Noor Fatimah
Published: April 2016

Enactment of Law No. 6 of 2012 on the Ratification of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, is a manifestation of the government's efforts in human rights, and also the Indonesian government protection measures against the presence of migrant workers in overseas. However, with the passing of this Law, the Government also has an obligation to protect the Foreign Workers who are in Indonesia, to protect their rights as contained in the convention. Sidoarjo Regency is one of the districts with a population of Foreign Workers pretty much in East Java, so Sidoarjo considered to represent ideal conditions most of the local government in Indonesia in terms of a form of protection against TKA after the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2012. This normative law research was supported by primary data sourced from the Social Service Workers at Sidoarjo Regency. Based on research that has been done, founded the lack of regulations Sidoarjo district that specifically regulates the protection of the rights of foreign workers.
Strategy to Arrange Gender Responsive Budget in ex Besuki Residency
Authors: Adiwinarto Sulistio , Nusanto Baktiawan
Published: April 2016

This study aims to determine the participation of women in development planning meeting, knowing the form of gender responsive policies, identifying the cause of the gender responsive policy problem, and strategy formulation of the budget in ex Besuki Residency such as Jember, Bondowoso, Situbondo, and Banyuwangi which still not responsive to the needs of women. In the first year, this study intends to identify the process of formulation, implementation, and evaluation of the local budget in Ex Besuki residency conducted by the respective local governments. Based on the research in the first year, researchers will formulate development strategies in the formulation of gender-responsive policies. The method of research is quantitative descriptive study, study documentation, primary and secondary data analysis, interviews and focus group discussions. In the second year of the study are expected to form a strategy and policy formulation concept of gender responsive budgeting through a combination previously existing concepts, adapted to the results of the first year of study at the study site. How To Cite: Adiwinarto, S., & Nusanto, B. (2015). Strategy to Arrange Gender Responsive Budget in ex Besuki Residency. Rechtsidee, 2(1), 65-78. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v2i1.5
Dispute Settlement Patterns on The Village Chief Election at Bondowoso Regency
Authors: Fauziyah Fauziyah , Praptianingsih Sri
Published: April 2016

Village elections (Pilkades) is a direct election procedure and mirrors implementation of democratic life in Indonesia. Article 37 and 38 of the regency Regional Regulation No. 7 of 2006 states that if the Pilkades process turns dispute, the dispute does not stop the next stage. The regency government normatively based on Article 37 guarantees the completion stage of the elections until the inauguration phase and form a team of supervisors who communicate with those who feel aggrieved to get agreement dispute resolution. Until this research is done, there is only one case submitted to the District Court, but then the plaintiffs draw their lawsuit. Dispute settlement pattern research was conducted through interviews and providing information to the bureaucrats and the judiciary in the area of dispute. The involvement of these parties is important that the results of this activity followed up by an independent institution in Pilkades dispute resolution with consideration of existing regional regulations. How To Cite: Fauziyah, F., & Praptianingsih, S. (2015). Dispute Settlement Patterns on The Village Chief Election at Bondowoso Regency. Rechtsidee, 2(1), 11-20. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v2i1.8
The Importance of Employment Contract for Umsida Quality Employees Improvement
Authors: Mediawati Noor Fatimah , Phahlevy Rifqi Ridlo
Published: April 2016

The absence of employment contracts in UMSIDA recognized cause some problems. Especially in improving the performance of employees. Issues a little more disturbing harmonious labor relations between employees and UMSIDA. In the terminology of the Labour Act, employment contract terms it is known as the Employment Agreement. Where the existence of labor agreement / contract employment is expected to harmonize the working relationship with the employer in accordance with the applicable rules. The existence of employment contracts is also a legal instrument which according to researchers ought to be put forward in efforts to increase the qualifications and competence of employees. By contract it will also avoid things that are not desirable in an employment relationship, because each party will always carry out their rights and responsibilities are aligned and balanced. Tranquility in the work and the guarantee of legal protection are expected to improve employee performance especially towards quality UMSIDA 2020. So this study explored further the urgency employment contract once its design. How To Cite: Mediawati, N., & Phahlevy, R. (2015). The Importance of Employment Contract for Umsida Quality Employees Improvement. Rechtsidee, 2(2), 141-156. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v2i2.106
The Use of Improvisations Technique to Improve the Speaking Ability of EFL Students
Authors: Fauzan Umar
Published: April 2016

The objective of the study was to implement the improvisations technique to improve the student’s speaking ability. In conducting the research, there were two components expected to be improved, they were improving the students’ speaking score and increasing the quality of classroom atmosphere of teaching speaking. This study employed the collaborative classroom action research and it was done in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four stages: (1) planning, (2) action, (3) observation, and (4) reflection. There were five meetings in each cycle; four meetings for the implementation of improvisations in the teaching of speaking and one meeting for conducting speaking test. The instruments used to collect the data were: (1) observation checklist, (2) field-note, (3) a score sheet, and (4) a questionnaire. The result of the research showed that the criteria of success had been reached. There were two aspects determined as the success criteria of the implementation of improvisations in the teaching of speaking; score improvement and classroom atmosphere. The result of speaking test presented that the students had made some progress, the average scores raised from 2.72 in the pre-test, 3.09 in cycle 1 and 3.76 in cycle 2. These scores indicated an increasing ability from being ‘fair’ to being ‘good’. The classroom atmosphere were also increasing positively; the students were actively involved in the teaching and learning process, indicated by 64% participated in cycle 1 and 73.79% participated in cycle 2. The students were also highly motivated in joining the teaching learning process. They cooperated, asked, responded, and expressed spontaneously.
Curriculum of EFL Teacher Education and Indonesian Qualification Framework: A Blip of the Future Direction
Authors: Susilo Susilo
Published: April 2016

Indonesian Qualification Framework (IQF) is a description of qualification levels for all Indonesian learning outcomes or certificate statements in Indonesian schooling from year 9 to higher education. The IQF holds a legal endorsement in the form of Presidential Decree no. 8/2012. This IQF will specify equivalencies between Indonesian and foreign qualifications, thus improving Indonesia’s international competitiveness and making the country more open to global trade. As a consequence, the structures of curriculum in all Indonesian educations should base on this document. Defined as the expanding circle countries in Kachru’s concentric circles, Indonesia needs English language teacher education with appropriate structures of curriculum relevant to the global world and 21st century learning. This article intends to describe the IQF, the 21st Century learning, and the upcoming structure of the EL Teacher education Curriculum in Indonesia. More specifically, this article aims at analyzing: 1) how Indonesian Teachers should develop their curriculum according to the IQF descriptors; 2) how macro-social factors in SLA such as global and national status of L2, boundaries and identities, or institutional forces and constraints should be considered in the development of the curriculum structures of English language teacher education; and 3) how the 21st century trends should be blended in the curriculum.
The influence of alkyl polyglucosides (and highly ethoxylated alcohol boosters) on the phase behavior of a water/toluene/technical alkyl polyethoxylate microemulsion system
Authors: Ilic Marija , Haegel Franz-Hubert , Pavelkic Vesna , Zlatanovic Dragan , Nikolic-Mandic Snezana , Lolic Aleksandar , Nedic Zoran
Published: April 2016

The influence of additives (alkyl polyglucoside, Glucopon 600 CS UP and
alcohol ethoxylate C18E100) on the behavior of the water/toluene/Lutensol ON
50 (technical oxoalcohol, i-C10E5) microemulsion system as a function of
temperature and composition has been investigated. The phase behavior of the
microemulsions was determined by vertical sections through the Gibbs phase
prism (fish-like phase diagrams). Alkyl polyglucoside shifts the one phase
region to lower temperatures compared with water/toluene/Lutensol ON 50
mixtures. This is contrary to the expectation, considering the extreme
hydrophilic nature of the sugar headgroup. The addition of hydrophilic
alcohol ethoxylate (C18E100) to the water/toluene/Lutensol ON 50 system
increases the solubilization capacity of the surfactant, even if the
co-surfactant is used in small quantities, and shifts the one-phase region to
higher temperature by a few degrees Celsius.
Dross-free submerged laser cutting of AZ31 Mg alloy for biodegradable stents
Authors: Demir Ali Gökhan , Previtali Barbara
Published: April 2016

Submerged cutting of AZ31 Mg alloy was studied with ns-pulsed green fiber laser and three different submersion liquids, namely, water, alcohol-water solution, and paraffin based oil. Compared to conventional laser cutting with coaxial process gas, differences due to optical, chemical, and mechanical effects were identified. An analytical solution was introduced to assess the fluence decay due to beam enlargement and absorption in the submersion liquid. The chemical reactions between the Mg alloy and submersion liquid were defined, and weight loss due to chemical effects was studied in static immersion tests. The mechanical instability related to liquid breakdown was studied to reveal the threshold levels for the liquids. The interaction of these mechanisms was studied within process. The results showed dross-free cutting is achievable by submerging the Mg alloy in 0.5 mm alcohol-water solution, which shows a processing condition that enables chemical dissolution of dross without excessive fluence loss or liquid instability. The cut quality of the optimized conditions was comparable to fs-pulsed laser cutting of the same material.
Migration-related tuberculosis: epidemiology and characteristics of tuberculosis cases originating outside the European Union and European Economic Area, 2007 to 2013
Authors: Ködmön Csaba , Zucs Phillip , van der Werf Marieke J.
Published: April 2016

Migrants arriving from high tuberculosis (TB)-incidence countries may pose a significant challenge to TB control programmes in the host country. TB surveillance data for 2007–2013 submitted to the European Surveillance System were analysed. Notified TB cases were stratified by origin and reporting country. The contribution of migrant TB cases to the TB epidemiology in EU/EEA countries was analysed. Migrant TB cases accounted for 17.4% (n = 92,039) of all TB cases reported in the EU/EEA in 2007–2013, continuously increasing from 13.6% in 2007 to 21.8% in 2013. Of 91,925 migrant cases with known country of origin, 29.3% were from the Eastern Mediterranean, 23.0% from south-east Asia, 21.4% from Africa, 13.4% from the World Health Organization European Region (excluding EU/EEA), and 12.9% from other regions. Of 46,499 migrant cases with known drug-susceptibility test results, 2.9% had multidrug-resistant TB, mainly (51.7%) originating from the European Region. The increasing contribution of TB in migrants from outside the EU/EEA to the TB burden in the EU/EEA is mainly due to a decrease in native TB cases. Especially in countries with a high proportion of TB cases in non-EU/EEA migrants, targeted prevention and control initiatives may be needed to progress towards TB elimination.
Aqueous Extracts from Tunisian Diplotaxis: Phenol Content, Antioxidant and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activities, and Impact of Exposure to Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids
Authors: Bahloul Nada , Bellili Sana , Aazza Smail , Chérif Ameur , Faleiro Maria , Antunes Maria , Miguel Maria , Mnif Wissem
Published: April 2016

Antioxidants have been considered essential for preventing cell damage by scavenging deleterious free radicals. The consumption of antioxidant-rich plants is associated with a reduced risk of some chronic diseases. This study evaluates the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities of aqueous extracts obtained from different parts of Diplotaxis simplex and Diplotaxis harra from Tunisia. The study also aimed to investigate the action of simulated gastrointestinal juice on antioxidant activities of both extracts. The total phenolic, flavone and flavonol, and flavanone and dihydroflavonol contents were determined by Folin–Ciocalteau, aluminum chloride and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine colorimetric methods, respectively. The metal ion chelating activity, acetylcholinesterase inhibition capacity, and free radical scavenging potential of the extracts towards ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), hydroxyl, superoxide and nitric oxide were also evaluated. The action of simulated gastro-intestinal fluids on the flavone and flavonol content and total antioxidant activity of the flower extracts was surveyed. Extracts from the seeds and flowers of D. simplex and D. harra displayed the highest amounts of phenols (2691.7 and 2694.5 mg Caffeic Acid Equivalent (CAE)/100 mg; 3433.4 and 2647.2 mg CAE/100 mg, respectively) and flavonols/flavones (2144.4 and 2061.1 mg Rutin Equivalent (RE)/100 g; 1922.6 and 1461.1 mg RE/100 g, respectively). The flower and seed extracts exhibited the highest rates of antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. A decrease in the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity was observed after extract exposure to simulated saliva. Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities were noted to depend on plant species and plant parts. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion is useful in assessing the bio-accessibility of compounds with biological activities from food. The simulated gastrointestinal fluids influenced the flavonoid concentration and antioxidant activity.
Maintenance as a Guarantee for Roofing Performance in Buildings with Heritage Value
Authors: Fernandes Rocha Patrícia , Calejo Rodrigues Rui
Published: April 2016

This paper is the result of the research conducted at the University of Porto and follows up on the Ph.D. thesis developed by the second author, which deals with the issue of the non-inclusion of maintenance at the time of architectural design, and of support instruments for the project author to help him in this endeavor. This work is intended to apply a guiding methodology to the design process that includes building maintenance benchmarked by the service behavior with regard to pitched roofs. The development of a decision support model enabled to obtain a maintainability index (MI) to be identified and results from the combination of two indicators: the importance indicator (Iid) and the easiness indicator (Eid). The results achieved enable the project author to have a support tool for making decisions that affect the building behavior in service as well the act of the preservation of heritage value.
Estimating the Probability of Vegetation to Be Groundwater Dependent Based on the Evaluation of Tree Models
Authors: Pérez Hoyos Isabel , Krakauer Nir , Khanbilvardi Reza
Published: April 2016

Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) are increasingly threatened by humans’ rising demand for water resources. Consequently, it is imperative to identify the location of GDEs to protect them. This paper develops a methodology to identify the probability of an ecosystem to be groundwater dependent. Probabilities are obtained by modeling the relationship between the known locations of GDEs and factors influencing groundwater dependence, namely water table depth and climatic aridity index. Probabilities are derived for the state of Nevada, USA, using modeled water table depth and aridity index values obtained from the Global Aridity database. The model selected results from the performance comparison of classification trees (CT) and random forests (RF). Based on a threshold-independent accuracy measure, RF has a better ability to generate probability estimates. Considering a threshold that minimizes the misclassification rate for each model, RF also proves to be more accurate. Regarding training accuracy, performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are higher for RF. For the test set, higher values of accuracy and kappa for CT highlight the fact that these measures are greatly affected by low prevalence. As shown for RF, the choice of the cutoff probability value has important consequences on model accuracy and the overall proportion of locations where GDEs are found.
The Haze Nightmare Following the Economic Boom in China: Dilemma and Tradeoffs
Authors: Sun Jian , Wang Jinniu , Wei Yanqiang , Li Yurui , Liu Miao
Published: April 2016

This study aims to expand on a deeper understanding of the relationship between rapid economic development and ensuing air pollution in China. The database includes the gross domestic product (GDP), the value added of a secondary industry, the per capita GDP (PGDP), greenhouse gases emissions, and PM2.5 concentrations. The results indicate that China’s PGDP has continued to rise over the past decade, and the rate of PGDP slowed down from 1980 to 2004 (slope = 5672.81, R2 = 0.99, p < 0.001) but was significantly lower than that from the year 2004 to 2013 (slope = 46,911.08, R2 > 0.99, p < 0.001). Unfortunately, we found that total coal consumption, annual steel production, and SO2 emission had been continually growing as the overall economy expands at temporal scale, with the coefficient of determinations greater than 0.98 (p < 0.001). Considering the spatial pattern aspect, we also found a significant relationship between GDP and greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, severe air pollution has negatively impacted the environment and human health, particularly in some highlighted regions. The variation explained by both total SO2 emission and total smoke and dust emission were 33% (p < 0.001) and 24% (p < 0.01) for the rate of total pertussis at temporal scale, respectively. Furthermore, at the spatial scale, pulmonary tuberculosis rates and pertussis mainly occurred in area with serious air pollution (economically developed region). It can be summarized that the extensive mode of economic growth has brought a number of serious environment and human health problems. Thus, a new policy framework has been proposed to meet the goals of maintaining a healthy economy without harming natural environment, which may prove integral, especially when coupled with long-term national strategic development plans.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome after Liver Transplant
Authors: Gitto Stefano , Villa Erica
Published: April 2016

Liver transplant is the unique curative therapy for patients with acute liver failure or end-stage liver disease, with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. Increase of body weight, onset of insulin resistance and drug-induced alterations of metabolism are reported in liver transplant recipients. In this context, post-transplant diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and arterial hypertension can be often diagnosed. Multifactorial illnesses occurring in the post-transplant period represent significant causes of morbidity and mortality. This is especially true for metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis are hepatic manifestations of metabolic syndrome and after liver transplant both recurrent and de novo steatosis can be found. Usually, post-transplant steatosis shows an indolent outcome with few cases of fibrosis progression. However, in the post-transplant setting, both metabolic syndrome and steatosis might play a key role in the stratification of morbidity and mortality risk, being commonly associated with cardiovascular disease. The single components of metabolic syndrome can be treated with targeted drugs while lifestyle intervention is the only reasonable therapeutic approach for transplant patients with non-alcoholic steatosis or steatohepatitis.
Bacterial Expression and Kinetic Analysis of Carboxylesterase 001D from Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Li Yongqiang , Liu Jianwei , Lu Mei , Ma Zhiqing , Cai Chongling , Wang Yonghong , Zhang Xing
Published: April 2016

Carboxylesterasesare an important class of detoxification enzymes involved in insecticide resistance in insects. A subgroup of Helicoverpa armigera esterases, known as Clade 001, was implicated in organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticide resistance due to their overabundance in resistant strains. In this work, a novel carboxylesterasegene 001D of H. armigera from China was cloned, which has an open reading frame of 1665 nucleotides encoding 554 amino acid residues. We used a series of fusion proteins to successfully express carboxylesterase 001D in Escherichia coli. Three different fusion proteins were generated and tested. The enzyme kinetic assay towards 1-naphthyl acetate showed all three purified fusion proteins are active with a Kcat between 0.35 and 2.29 s−1, and a Km between 7.61 and 19.72 μM. The HPLC assay showed all three purified fusion proteins had low but measurable hydrolase activity towards β-cypermethrin and fenvalerate insecticides (specific activities ranging from 0.13 to 0.67 μM·min−1·(μM−1·protein)). The enzyme was stable up to 40 °C and at pH 6.0–11.0. The results imply that carboxylesterase 001D is involved in detoxification, and this moderate insecticide hydrolysis may suggest that overexpression of the gene to enhance insecticide sequestration is necessary to allow carboxylesterases to confer resistance to these insecticides in H. armigera.
Wnt9A Induction Linked to Suppression of Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation
Authors: Ali Irshad , Medegan Bani , Braun Donald
Published: April 2016

Most studies of Wnt signaling in malignant tissues have focused on the canonical Wnt pathway (CWP) due to its role in stimulating cellular proliferation. The role of the non-canonical Wnt pathway (NCWP) in tissues with dysregulated Wnt signaling is not fully understood. Understanding NCWP’s role is important since these opposing pathways act in concert to maintain homeostasis in healthy tissues. Our preliminary studies demonstrated that LiCl inhibited proliferation of primary cells derived from colorectal cancer (CRC). Since LiCl stimulates cell proliferation in normal tissues and NCWP suppresses it, the present study was designed to investigate the impact of NCWP components in LiCl-mediated effects. LiCl-mediated inhibition of CRC cell proliferation (p < 0.001) and increased apoptosis (p < 0.01) coincided with 23-fold increase (p < 0.025) in the expression of the NCWP ligand, Wnt9A. LiCl also suppressed β-catenin mRNA (p < 0.03), total β-catenin protein (p < 0.025) and the active form of β-catenin. LiCl-mediated inhibition of CRC cell proliferation was partially reversed by IWP-2, and Wnt9A antibody. Recombinant Wnt9A protein emulated LiCl effects by suppressing β-catenin protein (p < 0.001), inhibiting proliferation (p < 0.001) and increasing apoptosis (p < 0.03). This is the first study to demonstrate induction of a NCWP ligand, Wnt9A as part of a mechanism for LiCl-mediated suppression of CRC cell proliferation.
Composite Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Tozzi Gianluca , De Mori Arianna , Oliveira Antero , Roldo Marta
Published: April 2016

Over the past few decades, bone related disorders have constantly increased. Among all pathological conditions, osteoporosis is one of the most common and often leads to bone fractures. This is a massive burden and it affects an estimated 3 million people only in the UK. Furthermore, as the population ages, numbers are due to increase. In this context, novel biomaterials for bone fracture regeneration are constantly under development. Typically, these materials aim at favoring optimal bone integration in the scaffold, up to complete bone regeneration; this approach to regenerative medicine is also known as tissue engineering (TE). Hydrogels are among the most promising biomaterials in TE applications: they are very flexible materials that allow a number of different properties to be targeted for different applications, through appropriate chemical modifications. The present review will focus on the strategies that have been developed for formulating hydrogels with ideal properties for bone regeneration applications. In particular, aspects related to the improvement of hydrogels’ mechanical competence, controlled delivery of drugs and growth factors are treated in detail. It is hoped that this review can provide an exhaustive compendium of the main aspects in hydrogel related research and, therefore, stimulate future biomaterial development and applications.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the In-Plane Anisotropy of As-Rolled 7050 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Hu Huie , Wang Xinyun
Published: April 2016

Tensile tests were conducted on both as-quenched and over-aged 7050 aluminum alloy to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the in-plane anisotropy of as-rolled 7050 aluminum alloy. The results showed that the tensile direction has limited effect on mechanical properties of the as-quenched 7050 aluminum alloy. The in-plane anisotropy factors (IPA factor) of tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation in as-rolled 7050 aluminum alloy fluctuate in the vicinity of 5%. The anisotropy of the as-quenched 7050 aluminum alloy is mainly affected by the texture according to single crystal analysis based on the Schmid factor method. Besides, the IPA factor of the elongation in the over-aged 7050 aluminum alloy reaches 11.6%, illustrating that the anisotropy of the over-aged 7050 aluminum alloy is more prominent than that of the as-quenched. The occurrence of the anisotropy in the over-aged 7050 aluminum alloy is mainly attributed to the microstructures. which are characterized by visible precipitate free zones (PFZs) and coarse precipitates in (sub)grain boundaries.
Anti‐Inflammatory Effect of Quercetin on RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages Induced with Polyinosinic‐Polycytidylic Acid
Authors: Kim Young‐Jin , Park Wansu
Published: April 2016

Quercetin (3,3′,4′,5,6‐pentahydroxyflavone) is a well‐known antioxidant and a flavonol found in many fruits, leaves, and vegetables. Quercetin also has known anti‐inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide‐induced macrophages. However, the effects of quercetin on virus‐induced macrophages have not been fully reported. In this study, the anti‐inflammatory effect of quercetin on double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA)‐induced macrophages was examined. Quercetin at concentrations up to 50 μM significantly inhibited the production of NO, IL‐6, MCP‐1, IP‐10, RANTES, GM‐CSF, G‐CSF, TNF‐α, LIF, LIX, and VEGF as well as calcium release in dsRNA (50 μg/mL of polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid)‐induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages (p < 0.05). Quercetin at concentrations up to 50 μM also significantly inhibited mRNA expression of signal transducer and activated transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT3 in dsRNA‐induced RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). In conclusion, quercetin had alleviating effects on viral inflammation based on inhibition of NO, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in dsRNA‐induced macrophages via the calcium‐STAT pathway.
Wide Spectral Characteristics of Si Photonic Crystal Mach-Zehnder Modulator Fabricated by Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Process
Authors: Hinakura Yosuke , Terada Yosuke , Tamura Takuya , Baba Toshihiko
Published: April 2016

Optical modulators for optical interconnects require a small size, small voltage, high speed and wide working spectrum. For this purpose, we developed Si slow-light Mach-Zehnder modulators via a 180 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process. We employed 200 μm lattice-shifted photonic crystal waveguides with interleaved p-n junctions as phase shifters. The group index spectrum of slow light was almost flat at ng ≈ 20 but exhibited ±10% fluctuation over a wavelength bandwidth of 20 nm. The cutoff frequency measured in this bandwidth ranged from 15 to 20 GHz; thus, clear open eyes were observed in the 25 Gbps modulation. However, the fluctuation in ng was reflected in the extinction ratio and bit-error rate. For a stable error-free operation, a 1 dB margin is necessary in the extinction ratio. In addition, we constructed a device with varied values of ng and confirmed that the extinction ratio at this speed was enhanced by larger ng up to 60. However, this larger ng reduced the cutoff frequency because of increased phase mismatch between slow light and radio frequency signals. Therefore, ng available for 25 Gbps modulation is limited to up to 40 for the current device design.