bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Travel burden and dentist bypass among dentally insured children
Authors: McKernan Susan C , Pooley Mark J , Momany Elizabeth T , Kuthy Raymond A
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES: Using administrative data from Iowa Medicaid and a large private dental insurer, we compared distance to the nearest primary care dentist for children ages 6-15 in 2012. Additionally, we examined rates of provider bypass in both populations as an indicator of spatial accessibility to dental care.

METHODS: We calculated measures of travel burden, including distance to the nearest primary care dentist and distance to current primary care dentist. Distance outcomes and rates of bypass, traveling beyond the nearest dentist for care, were compared by insurance type.

RESULTS: We found that Medicaid-enrolled children lived farther from the nearest dentist and farther from their current dentist than privately insured children. However, rates of bypass were higher among the privately insured population. These results were consistent among urban and rural residents; additionally, both rural populations demonstrated greater travel distances than urban dwellers.

CONCLUSIONS: Travel burden was greater among Medicaid-enrolled children. Lower rates of bypass, in conjunction with lower rates of dental utilization in this population, may indicate a distance threshold beyond which dental care becomes unattainable.
Explaining Tax Non-Compliance from a Neo-Institutionalist Perspective: Some Lessons from a Public Opinion Survey in Turkey
Authors: KAYAOGLU Aysegul , WILLIAMS Colin C.
Published: January 2020

Conventionally, those engaging in tax non-compliance are explained as rational economic actors doing so when the benefits outweigh the costs. However, many individuals are still compliant to their tax regimes even when the pay-off from tax evasion is greater than the costs. The result is the emergence of a social actor perspective that gives primacy to tax morale when explaining tax non-compliance. Through the lens of neo-institutionalist theory, this approach argues that citizens behave in ways that reflect the normative, cultural-cognitive and regulatory rules of their institutional environments. To test this theory, we have analyzed a representative micro survey of 2,528 citizens in Turkey. The finding we have obtained in this paper using an econometric analysis is that high tax morale is significantly more likely when there is trust in government (the normative dimension), feeling of belonging to the nation (the cultural-cognitive dimension) and perceptions of the risk and severity of punishment (regulatory-instrumental dimension). It displays the importance of the tax morale approach when explaining and tackling tax non-compliance in Turkey.
BRIC-3 Ülkelerinde Finansal Krizler ve Öncü Göstergeleri
Authors: ALPDOĞAN Hilal , AKAL Mustafa
Published: January 2020

KLR (1998) yöntemi kullanılarak 1990-2016 döneminde Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan ve Çin’de yaşanan finansal kriz tarihleri tespit edilmiştir. Literatürle desteklenen kriz tarihlerinin başlangıcından önceki 24 aylık kriz penceresinde sinyal veren on beş temel ekonomik gösterge incelenmiş ve gürültü sinyal oranı dikkate alınarak üç ülke için başarılı kriz tahmincileri belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen kriz tahmincileriyle ülkelerin içsel dinamikleri ve krizlerin ekonomiyi etkileme kanalları hakkında önemli bilgilere ulaşılmıştır. Brezilya, Rusya ve Çin’in ortak öncü göstergeleri ihracat, ithalat ve net borçluluk olarak bulunmuştur.
Copy test protocol with moved step another one v1
Authors: Kramchenkov Andrew
Published: January 2020

In CRISPR-mediated genome editing, guide RNAs (gRNAs) serve to target the Cas9 nuclease to an intended target genomic locus. Many gRNAs are not efficient in facilitating Cas9-mediated cleavage by introduction of double-strand breaks. Therefore, after designing possible gRNA sequences via web-based tools, it is critical to assess their cleavage efficiency at the target locus and identify the most efficient gRNA(s) in vitro before deploying in binary plasmids for genome editing in planta.
Nested Gibson Assembly v1
Authors: Garza Erin , A Bielinski Vincent
Published: January 2020

This method can be used to increase the efficiency of Gibson Assemblies containing many pieces and/or difficult to assemble DNA fragments.
One-pot native barcoding of amplicons v1
Authors: Quick Josh
Published: January 2020

This is a ‘one-pot ligation’ protocol for Oxford Nanopore native barcoded ligation libraries using shearing.
The molecular neuropathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis v1
Authors: Elliott Elizabeth , M Gregory Jenna , R Mehta Arpan , Chandran Siddharthan , Smith. Colin
Published: January 2020

A significant body of neuropathological research examining the molecular heterogeneity across ALS phenotypes exists and an up to date formal review of these studies is now required. Through conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing ALS human neuropathology literature we aim to outline the current pathological molecular profile of ALS. A search will be conducted without language or publication date restrictions across three databases; 1. PubMed, 2. MEDLINE, 3. EMBASE. Studies comparing human ALS or ALS-FTD brain and/or spinal cord samples to controls will be selected. The primary outcome measure will be molecular species quantification followed by an assessment of study heterogeneity as a secondary outcome measure. The Systematic Review Facility online screening tool (app.syrf.org.uk) will be used by two independent authors to screen the titles and abstracts based on predefined criteria. Data will be extracted by one reviewer and an assessment of study quality will be conducted against the CAMARADES’ study quality checklist (adapted). Additional study quality assessment and data extraction will be carried out by an independent reviewer for 10% of the selected studies. Where appropriate, standardised mean differences (SMD) will be used to describe outcome measures to enable inter-study comparison. Advances in transcriptional profiling technology have generated a variety of high throughput platforms, ranging from microarray gene chips with a specific range of oligonucleotide probes through to sequencing at a whole genome level. Human pathological studies to date have revolutionised our understanding of the ALS disease aetiology. Here we aim to review the outcomes of these studies across the field as a whole and to consider the impact of methodological heterogeneity on the results presented.
UPAYA PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN PESISIR DALAM NOVEL TANJUNG KEMARAU KARYA ROYYAN JULIAN
Authors: Apriliadi Frans , Efendi Anwar
Published: January 2020

This study aims to explain the environmental conservation efforts of coastal areas in the Tanjung Kemarau novel by Royyan Julian with ecocriticism perspective. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative by using data tabulation and researchers themselves as instruments. The data obtained were tested for content validity and reliability and then were analyzed based on four stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that efforts to conserve the coastal environment were classified into two: the mitigation of environmental damage and the anticipated environmental damage. First, efforts to conserve the environment through mitigation was conducted by stopping the use of trawl nets. Second, environmental conservation efforts through anticipation is conducted by refusing the shifting of the mangrove forest function, back to nature, the myth, beliefs in the myth, and the sea quotation ceremony. Based on the discussion conducted showed that the Tanjung Kemarau novel establish the importance of safe guarding the environment based on cultural identity based on the values of local wisdom.
PRAKTIKALITAS MATERI AJAR BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA PADA TINGKAT PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Tiarina Yuli , Syarif Hermawati , Jufrizal Jufrizal , Rozimela Yenni
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan praktikalitas materi ajar Basic English Grammar Berbasis Multimedia Interaktif yang telah dikembangkan dan dapat diakses melalui http://thetiarina.com/e-tiarina/. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dengan melibatkan 3 orang mahasiswa untuk uji individu dan 27 orang mahasiswa untuk uji kelompok kecil. Temuan penelitian ini adalah (1) berdasarkan uji individu, kualitas desain pembelajaran dan tampilan visual Materi Ajar Basic Grammar tergolong baik (85,47 dan 83,33, dan; (2) berdasarkan uji kelompok kecil, kualitas desain pembelajaran dan tampilan visual draft Materi Ajar Basic Grammar juga tergolong baik (84,26 dan 87,85), materi ajar ini mudah digunakan (81,64) dan organisasi materi ajar ini mudah dipahami (80,35).
MODERN TRENDS OF AIR PURIFICATION USING SKYSCRAPERS
Authors: ZHDANOVA Irina V. , KUZNETSOVA Anna A. , KALINKINA Nadezhda A.
Published: January 2020

The article highlights the problem of air pollution in large cities. Sources of pollution and the most common pollutants have been identified. Examples of leading countries with the dirtiest air are given. The estimated indicators for the risks of disease and mortality are considered. The main factors causing air pollution have been identified. Ways to solve this problem using modern technologies are proposed. Analyzed are modern facilities in which innovative methods of combating air pollution are applied, and their implementation in real and conceptual design. The conclusion is drawn on the need for an integrated approach to this topic, uniting the efforts of all countries.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Medya Platformlarındaki Politik Mesajlara Tepkileri; Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda Yapılan Kantitatif Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÖZGÜR Ömer Faruk
Published: January 2020

Sosyal medya yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin ortaya çıkmasıyla hayatımıza girmiştir ve özellikle gençlerin sanal dünyalarının özü haline geldiği genel kabul görmektedir. Çeşitli araştırmalar, gençlerin gittikçe artan bir şekilde kendini tanıtmak, kişilerarası iletişim kurmak, günlük olaylardan haberdar olmak ve fikirlerini ifade etmek için yoğun olarak sosyal medya platformlarını kullandığını göstermektedir. Çalışmanın Amacı: Bu araştırma üniversite öğrencilerinin internet ve sosyal medya kullanım alışkanlıklarını ortaya koymayı ve bu bağlamda sosyal medya platformlarında dolaşan siyasi paylaşımlara yaklaşımlarını araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu’ndan 420 öğrenciden oluşan bir örneklem çalışmaya dâhil edilmiş ve bu grupla yüz yüze anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma kapsamında kantitatif araştırma tekniklerinden yüz yüze anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma %98 güven düzeyi ve %5 hata payı ile yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmanın ana bulgularından biri, internetin gençlerin günlük yaşamlarında, ilk sırada sosyal medya platformları kullanımı amacı ile (%46) sonra araştırma amacı ile (% 19,4), sosyal etkileşimde bulunma veya birbirleriyle iletişim kurma amacı ile (% 10,2) kullanılan önemli bir araç olduğu sonucudur. Siyasal iletişim ve sosyal medya bağlamında, öğrenciler politik mesajlara mesafeli görünmelerine rağmen, bunun yanında öğrencilerin gözünde sosyal medya platformları siyasal iletişim açısından önemli bir araç olarak görülmektedir. Sosyal medya platformlarında genç yetişkinlerin yarısından fazlası, özellikle siyasî paylaşımlara yorum yapmak ve onlarla etkileşimde bulunmak yerine siyasetçilerin takipçileri konumunda bulunmaktadırlar. Her ne kadar araştırmanın bulguları tüm üniversite öğrencileri için genelleştirilemese de bu pilot çalışma gençlerin sosyal medya platformlarında politik mesajlara tepkilerini anlama konusunda anlamlı veriler sağlama potansiyeline sahiptir.
The Stop-Loss Start-Gain Strategy Modification With Tilt Deadband Research
Authors: Zubov S.A.
Published: January 2020

In this article The stop-loss start-gain strategy modification with tilt deadband is studied. The top line of this band is tilted. During the research mathematical model with discrete pricing process was examined. The increments of this process have a normal distribution with a constant nonzero mean and constant dispersion. The article considers the distribution of the number of intersections of a nonrectilinear strip by a discrete Gaussian walk. Formulas that allow to specify the distribution of the number of intersections of the strip in the directions “bottomup” and “top-down” were deduced. An algorithm was developed to calculate the number of these intersections and evaluate the conditional probability of the transition. In addition, the dependence of the average hedger losses while using this strategy on the slope coefficient of the upper boundary of the dead band and the band width was considered. Using the Monte Carlo simulation, an algorithm was developed to find the optimal width and slope of the strip. During the numerical experiments, the dependence was revealed and the optimal slope coefficient was determined for the given parameters. Experimental work confirmed the correctness of the proposed algorithms and proved the effectiveness of this modification in comparison with the use of a strategy with a straight strip.
A personagem negra no teatro português: uma revisão de literatura / The Black Character in Portuguese Theater: A Literature Review
Authors: Almeida Samira Pinto
Published: January 2020

Resumo: O artigo pretende abordar, de forma panorâmica, o modo como a personagem negra aparece em textos dramáticos portugueses – circunscrevendo a função e as características dela nas peças –, tendo, para tanto, como base teórica a confrontação dos estudos realizados por Tinhorão (1988), Pascal (2000), Pimentel (2013) e Zekri (2017). O objetivo é lançar um olhar crítico sobre as representações históricas estereotipadas (construídas, sobretudo, por autores brancos) da identidade negra no teatro português desde o século XVI até os dias atuais, bem como apontar os desafios da nova geração de artistas que se afirma negro-descendente na criação de imagens positivas dessa identidade e na reivindicação de espaços democráticos, dentro e fora do palco, que contemplem a diversidade racial.Palavras-chave: dramaturgia; teatro português; personagem negra.Abstract: The paper intends to approach, in a panoramic prism, the way the black character appears in Portuguese dramatic texts – circumscribing his/her function and characteristics in the plays –, having as a theoretical basis the confrontation of the studies carried out by Tinhorão (1988), Pascal (2000), Pimentel (2013) and Zekri (2017). The objective is to take a critical look at the stereotypical historical representations (mainly built by white authors) of black identity in Portuguese theater from the 16th century to the present day, as well as pointing out the challenges of the new generation of self-declared black descendants artists in creating positive images of this identity and in claiming democratic spaces, on and off the stage, that contemplate racial diversity.Keywords: dramaturgy; Portuguese theater; black character.
BESSE, Maria Graciete. O duplo fulgor do tempo. Évora: Editorial Licorne, 2019. 182 p.
Authors: Brito Glória De
Published: January 2020

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“Ante um caderno, tentei dizer tudo isso”: a (re)escritura poética da música em Jorge de Sena e Luís Quintais / “In Front of a Notebook, I Tried to Say All This”: The Poetic (Re)Writing of Music in Jorge de Sena and Luís Quintais
Authors: Ricarte Patrícia Chanely Silva
Published: January 2020

Resumo: Arte de música, livro de poemas publicado por Jorge Sena em 1968, e Depois da música, coletânea poética lançada por Luís Quintais em 2013, merecem um cotejo aproximativo pelo fato de ambos nos incitarem à reflexão em torno do profícuo diálogo estabelecido na modernidade entre a poesia e a arte musical. Desenvolvo, neste artigo, alguns apontamentos acerca do processo de (re)escritura da obra musical, desempenhado pelos dois poetas a partir da experiência de audição, que, tanto em um quanto em outro, é concebida em seu caráter eminentemente estético, reflexivo e criativo, destacando-se, nesse contexto, os aspectos da historicidade e da crise da poesia em nossa época.Palavras-chave: Jorge de Sena; Luís Quintais; poesia portuguesa; música.Abstract: Arte de música, a book of poems published by Jorge Sena in 1968, and Depois da música, a poetic collection released by Luís Quintais in 2013, deserves a close commentary because they both incite us to reflect on the fruitful dialogue between modernity poetry and the musical art. Developed in this article, some notes about the process of (re)writing of musical works, performed by two poets from the experience of listening, which, in both, is conceived in its eminently aesthetic, reflective and creative character, highlighting, in this context, the aspects of the historicity and the crisis of poetry in our time.Keywords: Jorge de Sena; Luís Quintais; modern and contemporary Portuguese poetry; music.
Nota de Apresentação
Authors: Pereira Patrícia Resende , Souza Raquel Dos Santos Madanêlo , Menezes Roberto Bezerra de , Ornellas Sandro Santos
Published: January 2020

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Analisis Motilitas Spermatozoa Sapi Aceh Setelah Pembekuan dalam Berbagai Konsentrasi Andromed®
Authors: Mukhlis Mukhlis , Dasrul Dasrul , Sugito Sugito
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi pengencer AdroMed® terhadap kualitas semen sapi aceh setelah proses pembekuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 kelompok perlakuan pengenceran AndroMed®. Kelompok A1: AndroMed® 10% (5 ml AndroMed® + 45 ml Aquadestilata), A2: AndroMed® 15% (7,5 ml AndroMed® + 42,5 ml Aquadestilata), A3: AndroMed® 20%(10 ml AndroMed® + 40 ml Aquadestilata) dan A4: AndroMed® 25% (12,5 ml AndroMed® + 37,5 ml Aquadestilata). Masing-masing kelompok diulangi sebanyak 6 kali. Variabel yang di amati pada penelitian ini adalah Motilitas spermatozoa yang diamati tiap kelompok setelah pembekuan yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan analysis of variance (ANOVA) pola satu arah yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncant. Rata-rata persentase motilitas spermatozoa pada kelompok A1, A2, A3 dan A4 secara berturut-turut adalah 30,69±3,68%, 39,79±2,44%, 45,22±3,17% dan 42,42±4,24%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi pengencer AndroMed® berpengaruh secara nyata (P0,05) terhadap persentase motilitas spermatozoa sapi aceh. Persentase motilitas spermatozoa pada kelompok A1 tidak berbeda secara nyata dengan A2, dan keduanya berbeda secara nyata (P0,05) dibandingkan dengan kelompok A3dan A4. Konsentrasi AndroMed® 20% lebih baik dari pada 10%, 15% dan 25% dalam mempertahankan motilitas spermatozoa sapi aceh setelah pembekuan. (Analysis of Aceh Cattle spermatozoa motility after freezing using Andromed® with different concentration)ABSTRACT. The study aims to determine the effect of diluent concentration of AndroMed® against the motility of aceh cattle spermatozoa following freezing process. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatment groups. Group 1 used diluent 15%; AndroMed®, Grroup 2 diluent 15%; Group 3 with AndroMed® 20%; and, Group 4 with AndroMed® 25%. Each group was repeated 6 times. Motility of spermatozoa assessed which each group observed after freezing.The motility data obtained were analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncant test. The average percentage of motility after freezing were found in the group A1, A2, A3 and A4 respectively are 30,69 ± 3,68%, 39,79± 2,44%, 45,22± 3,17%, and 42,42± 4,24%. Statistical analysis showed that the concentration of diluent AndroMed® significantly affected (P0.05) the motility of aceh cattle spermatozoa. There is no significant difference of sperm motility percentage, between A2 with A1 treatment but  both are significantly different (P0.05) compared to group A3. AndroMed® concentration affects the motility of aceh cattle spermatozoa after freezing. The treatment of 20% AndroMed® concentration were improved the quality of aceh cattle spermatozoa following freezing compared to those with AndroMed® 10%, 15%, and 25%.
Pengaruh Perendaman Dengan Filtrat Abu Jerami Padi (FAJP) Terhadap Lignin Dan Serat Kasar Tongkol Jagung
Authors: Hernaman Iman , Ayuningsih Budi , Ramdani Diky , Islami Romy Zamhir Al
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAK. Potensi tongkol jagung sebagai pakan ruminansia sangat besar, namun dibatasi penggunaannya karena kadar ligninnya yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan mengetahui hubungan antara kandungan lignin dan serat kasar tongkol jagung yang direndam dengan berbagai konsentrasi filtrat abu jerami padi (FAJP). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat macam perendaman, yaitu R1 = Tongkol jagung dengan hidrolisis FAJP konsentrasi 5%, R2 = Tongkol jagung dengan hidrolisis FAJP konsentrasi 10%, R3 = Tongkol jagung dengan hidrolisis FAJP konsentrasi 15%, R4 = Tongkol jagung dengan hidrolisis FAJP konsentrasi 20%. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa FAJP berpengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan kadar lignin dan serat kasar pada tongkol jagung (p0,05). Hubungan antara perlakuan dengan kadar lignin membentuk persamaan regresi Y = 9,29 -0,172X dengan R2 =0,92, sedangan antara serat kasar dan lignin memiliki hubungan yang sangat erat dengan nilai r =0,85. Perendaman tongkol jagung dengan FAJP 20% menghasilkan persentase lignin dan serat kasar yang paling rendah yaitu 5,88dan 32,03 %.Kesimpulan, penggunaan FSJP dengan konsentrasi 20% merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik.(The effect of soaked by rice straw ash filtrate on lignin and crude fiber content of corn cob)ABSTRACT. Utilization of corncobs as a ruminant feed is highly potential but its high lignin content may limit its use. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of soaking in the water containing different concentration of rice straws ash filtrate (RSAF) on lignin and crude fiber contents of corncob. A completely randomized design was employed to compare 5 different treatments: R1 = corncob with RSAF hydrolysis 5%, R2 = corncob with RSAF hydrolysis 10%, R3 = corncob with RSAF hydrolysis 15%, and R4 = corncob with RSAF hydrolysis 20%. Each treatment was repeatedfour times (n=4). The result showed that RSAF had a significant effect (P0.05) in reducing lignin and crude fiber contents. The relationship between treatment and lignin content followed a regression equation: Y = 9.29 -0.172X with R2 =0.92, while crude fiber and lignin had a close relationship with r =0.85. Soaking corncobs with RSAF as much as 20% resulted the lowest lignin and crude fiber contents which were 5.88 and 32.03% respectively. It concluded that utilization of RSAF 20% was the best treatment.
Pertumbuhan, Produksi dan Kandungan Nutrisi Hijauan Unggul pada Tingkat Naungan yang Berbeda
Authors: Nurhayu Andi , Saenab Andi
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan spesies hijauan pakan unggul yang toleran terhadap naungan agar dapat dikembangkan pada lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Gowa Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Balitbangtan Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian menggunakan 5 spesies hijauan unggul yaitu Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato, Paspalum atratum, Setaria sphacelata, Brachiaria brizantha, dan Panicum maximum pada tiga tingkat naungan yaitu 0%, 50% dan 65%. Setiap spesies hijauan ditanam di bawah naungan berukuran 2 x 1,5 m2 dengan tiga ulangan dalam rancangan petak terbagi. Peubah yang diukur yaitu laju pertumbuhan relatif, luas daun spesifik, laju asimilasi bersih, produksi kumulatif, dan kandungan nutrisi (protein, NDF dan ADF). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato dan Panicum maximum memiliki laju pertumbuhan relatif yang lebih tinggi pada berbagai tingkat naungan dan nilai laju asimilasi bersih tinggi meskipun ternaungi hingga 65%, namun nilai rata-rata luas daun spesifik (LDS) paling rendah dibanding hijauan lainnya. Simpulan spesies Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato merupakan hijauan unggul yang paling toleran terhadap naungan dibanding keempat spesies hijauan lainnya.  (Growth, production, and content of superior forage nutrients at different shade levels) ABSTRACT The research aimed to obtain superior` forage species that are tolerant to shade so they can be developed on oil palm plantations. The research was carried out in the Gowa experimental garden of the Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPPT) South Sulawesi. This study used 5 superior forage species namely Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato, Paspalum atratum, Setaria sphacelata, Brachiaria brizantha, Panicum maximum and three shading levels of 0%, 50% and 65%. Each forage species is planted in a 2 x 1.5 m2 shade with three replications in a divided plot design. The variables measured are relative growth rates, specific leaf area, net assimilation rate, cumulative production, and nutrient content (protein, NDF and ADF). The results obtained showed that Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato and Panicum maximum have a higher relative growth rate at various shade levels and the value of the net assimilation rate is high even though it is shaded by 65%, but the average specific leaf area value is the lowest compared to other forages. The conclusion is Brachiaria hybrid species. Mulato is a superior forage that is most tolerant to shade compared to the other four forage species.
Das particularidades de tradução das versões ibéricas de Merlin e da sua suite
Authors: Ailenii Simona
Published: January 2020

Neste trabalho propõe-se uma análise comparatista entre as versões da estória de Merlin da Península Ibérica. Devido a algumas particularidades textuais, as versões conhecidas até hoje foram situadas em ramos distintos do stemma codicum da obra. Os instrumentos da nossa análise são os textos derivados do processo de tradução, o galego-português (ms. 2434, BC) e os espanhóis (Salamanca, 1469; Burgos, 1498; Sevilha, 1535), em paralelo com os correspondentes franceses (ed. A. Micha, ed. O. Sommer, ed. G. Paris & J. Ulrich, ed. G. Roussineau). Dado o carácter fragmentário materialmente e/ou textualmente tanto nas versões francesas, como nas ibéricas, esta análise basear-se-á somente nas narrativas comuns. Observar-se-ão, assim, algumas peculiaridades textuais resultantes do acto de tradução, no sentido de estudar as técnicas de tradução utilizadas e as circunstâncias que as determinam, tendo, ao mesmo tempo, em mente os parâmetros da distância temporal que separam os testemunhos e/ou os meios de transmissão (manuscrita, por um lado, e impressa, por outro).
A fegyelemindex körbejárása
Authors: Paksi Borbála , Széll Krisztián , Fehérvári Anikó
Published: January 2020

Az oktatási rendszer feladata – a tudásátadás mellett – az értékek, viselkedési minták átadása. A kulturális reprodukció funkciójának gyakorlása révén az oktatási rendszer részt vesz a társadalmi integráció biztosításában. E tekintetben – más társadalmi alrendszerekhez képest – az oktatási rendszer kiemelt jelentőséggel bír, egyrészt az értékek, gondolkodásmódok elsajátítása, alakítása, másrészt a problémás magatartások kialakulása szempontjából érzékeny fejlődési periódusban lévő populáció nagyarányú elérése révén. Az iskolában megjelenő normarendszer, az ahhoz való alkalmazkodás mértéke kapcsolatban áll az iskola eredményességével is.A tanulmány célja a problémás magatartás- és viselkedési formák, illetve az azokra vonatkozó pedagógusi percepciók szervezeti meghatározottságának empirikus vizsgálata. Elemzésünk fókuszában az évente ismétlődő Országos kompetenciamérés (OKM) keretében gyűjtött, a különböző problémás magatartás- és viselkedésformák tekintetében az iskolai telephely vezetőjének percepcióit kifejező elemi adatok alapján többlépcsős matematikai eljárással létrehozott mutató, a fegyelemindex áll. Emellett a cikk – a fegyelemindex alapjául szolgáló szubjektív adatok tényalapúságának, illetve az indexképzés mechanizmusának elemzésével – a fegyelemindex érvényességével kapcsolatos kérdéseket is felvet.Elemzéseink azt mutatják, hogy a vizsgált informális szervezeti jellemzők nincsenek összefüggésben a fegyelemindex nagyságával. A szervezeti jellemzőkkel várt összefüggés a fegyelemindex éves ingadozásának kiküszöbölésével sem jelenik meg. A fegyelemindex érvényességének vizsgálata céljából végzett elemzéseink azt jelzik, hogy ugyan a telephelyvezetői percepciók nem függetlenek a diákok körében előforduló magatartásoktól, azt döntően más, eddig még feltáratlan mechanizmusok befolyásolják.
Computer-aided design of low-thust rocket engines using the domain-specific knowledge database and CAE / CAD systems
Authors: Ryzhkov V. V. , Morozov I. I. , Lapshin E. A.
Published: January 2020

The paper presents approaches to computer-aided design of low-thrust thrust rocket engines using an extensive knowledge base that allows making basic technical decisions that determine the conceptual design of the engine, based on the developed algorithm of this process. The procedure of creating an electronic 3D-model of a low-thrust rocket engine fueled by gaseous oxygen-hydrogen in the environment of the graphical complex UNIGRAPHICS is described. 3D electronic models of the main elements of a rocket engine with a thrust of P=25N were obtained, with subsequent virtual assembly of all components, including the components comprised in the knowledge base, providing the development, among other things, of design documentation, creation of a production environment based on an electronic engine model, preparation for the product manufacturing and the manufacturing proper.
Optimal control of spacecraft motion in the vicinity of Eros 433 asteroid
Authors: Shornikov A. Yu.
Published: January 2020

The article describes an algorithm for optimizing controlled motion of a spacecraft equipped with low-thrust electric propulsion engines maneuvering in the vicinity of an object with an irregular gravitational field (asteroid Eros 433). A mathematical model of the objects gravitational potential and a model of spacecraft motion are presented. The Pontryagin maximum principle is used to get the time-optimal control program. The formulated boundary value problem is solved numerically by the modified Newton method. The described algorithm can be used to solve similar problems of low-thrust flight dynamics in the vicinity of objects with irregular gravitational fields.
Research of the influence of electron beam welding of titanium alloys on hydrogen distribution in the weld
Authors: Muravyev V. I. , Bakhmatov P. V. , Grigorev V. V. , Shakirova O. G. , Iskhakov S. A.
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the results of analyzing distribution of hydrogen in welded joints obtained by electron beam welding of titanium alloys VT20 and VT23. The distribution of hydrogen in the cross section of welded joints was measured in the area of the weld, in the heat-affected zone and in the base metal by means of spectral analysis using low-voltage pulse discharge on the spectrograph ISP-51. It was established that hydrogen peaks in fixed joints obtained by electron beam welding, unlike argon arc welding, are located not only in the heat-affected area, but also in the сentral part of the welded joint. Chemical analysis of fractures of fixed joints investigated with the aid of a scanning electron microscope Hitachi S-3400N showed that the pores in the welded joints made by electron beam welding occur due to the desorption of capillary-condensed contaminants located in the defects of the edge surface into the melt and due to selective grain boundary fusion because of insufficient temperature conditions of whole grain melting. It was found that emerging variations in hydrogen content, with formation of defects, are influenced by the temperature conditions of heating of the welded edges, the welding rate and the thickness of welded blanks.
The Sweet Sounds of Syntax: Music, Language, and the Investigation of Hierarchical Processing
Authors: Whitehorne Lee
Published: January 2020

Language and music are uniquely human faculties, defined by a level of sophistication found onlyin our species. The ability to productively combine contrastive units of sound, namely words inlanguage and notes in music, underlies much of the vast communicative and expressive capacities ofthese systems. Though the intrinsic rules of syntax in language and music differ in many regards,they both lead to the construction of complex hierarchies of interconnected, functional units. Muchresearch has examined the overlap, distinction, and general neuropsychological nature of syntaxin language and music but, in comparison to the psycholinguistic study of sentence processing,musical structure has been regarded at a coarse level of detail, especially in terms of hierarchicaldependencies. The current research synthesizes recent ideas from the fields of generative music theory,linguistic syntax, and neurolinguistics to outline a more detailed, hierarchy-based methodology forinvestigating the brain’s processing of structures in music.
DNA damage and repair in normal and neoplastic cells treated with adriamycin.
Authors: Anuszewska E L , Gruber B
Published: January 2020

Adriamycin (ADR), a common antineoplastic drug, was used to study DNA repair synthesis, cell cytotoxicity and DNA single strand breaks in normal human fibroblasts--CLV98 and human melanoma cells--ME18. No repair synthesis was observed in ME18 and CLV98 cells exposed to adriamycin in concentrations up to 10(-5) M. ME18 cells were less sensitive to ADR treatment than CLV98 cells. Adriamycin-induced DNA single strand breaks (at ADR concentration: 1 microgram/ml) were incompletely repaired in ME18 cells and unrepaired in CLV98 cells within 24 h after drug removal. Within 48 h strand breaks were completely repaired in both kinds of cells. No repair of single strand breaks was observed in ME18 and CLV98 cells after drug treatment in the concentration of 5 micrograms/ml.
Effect of disulfide and sulfhydryl reagents on abortive and productive elongation catalyzed by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
Authors: Radłowski M , Job D
Published: January 2020

The effect of disulfide and sulfhydryl reagents on the rate of abortive and productive elongation has been studied using Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme and poly[d(A-T)] as template. In the presence of UTP as a single substrate and UpA as a primer, the enzyme catalyzed efficiently the synthesis of the trinucleotide product UpApU. Incubation of RNA polymerase with 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol resulted in a 5-fold increase of the rate of UpApU synthesis. In contrast, incubation of the enzyme with 1 mM 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic) acid resulted in a 6-fold decrease of the rate of abortive elongation. Determination of the steady state kinetic constants associated with UpApU synthesis disclosed that the disulfide and sulfhydryl reagents mainly affected the rate of UpApU release from the ternary transcription complexes and therefore influenced the stability of such complexes.
Digoxigenin-labelled molecular probe for the simultaneous detection of three potato pathogens: potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), potato virus Y (PVY), and potato leafroll virus (PLRV).
Authors: Wełnicki M , Zekanowski C , Zagórski W
Published: January 2020

A molecular probe, p3POT, was constructed of PSTVd, PVY, PLRV cDNA fragments introduced into pUC18 vector. Sequencing of the inserts revealed that cloned fragments covered conservative parts of pathogenic genomes. Dot-blot hybridization of digoxigenin-labelled construct to crude extracts from plants infected with different potato viruses proved high sensitivity and specificity of the p3POT probe. This makes p3POT probe an useful tool for the routine testing, and selection of virus-free potatoes.
Functional aspects of the nuclear matrix.
Authors: Wanka F
Published: January 2020

A model is proposed of the way in which the unwinding of the chromosomal DNA loops is controlled during DNA replication. It is based on the observation of a permanent binding of replication origins to the nuclear matrix and of a transient attachment of replicating DNA regions to sites in the immediate neighbourhood. DNA unwinding is controlled while the replicating loops are reeled through the replication binding sites. Also a mechanism is proposed to explain how the once-per-cycle replication of individual replicons can be controlled. DNA synthesis is initiated at single-stranded loops exposed by tandemly repeated DNA sequences at the replication origins. The single-stranded loops turn into fully double-stranded DNA during replication, becoming inaccessible for a second initiation during the same cell cycle. The configuration competent for initiation is restored by specific protein-DNA rearrangements coupled to mitotic condensation of the matrix into chromosomal scaffolds and its reversal.
Autoantibodies against constituents of nuclear pore complexes in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis.
Authors: Wesierska-Gadek J , Hohenauer H , Hitchman E , Penner E
Published: January 2020

Sera obtained from patients with autoimmune liver disease were screened in indirect immunofluorescence microscopy for the presence of autoantibodies. Patients' sera, which strongly stained nuclei (ANA) with peripheral accentuation, were used for further experiments to define the corresponding antigen(s). Nuclei and nuclear subfractions were isolated from HeLaS3 cells and used as antigen source. Immunoblotting experiments were performed after separation of nuclear proteins by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Some ANA positive sera recognized the nuclear protein with molecular mass of approximately 200 kDa. Further analysis revealed that the patients' sera reacted with gp210, an integral protein of the nuclear pores. The incidence and clinical significance of these antibodies is discussed.
DNA-nuclear matrix interactions analyzed by cross-linking reactions in intact nuclei from avian liver.
Authors: Ferraro A , Eufemi M , Cervoni L , Altieri F , Turano C
Published: January 2020

To detect the interactions of DNA with the nuclear matrix proteins, DNA-protein cross-linkages were induced in intact nuclei from chicken liver by the use of cis-diammine dichloroplatinum. Methods have been devised for fast purification both of the proteins and of the DNA fragments involved in the cross-linked complexes. By Southern-Western blotting a number of matrix proteins isolated from the complexes have been shown to recognize specifically DNA sequences present in the cross-linked DNA fragments. This experimental approach not only allows to identify the nuclear matrix-DNA interactions existing in the nucleus before its disruption, but also provides a preparation of matrix proteins enriched in those species which are involved in such interactions and which can therefore be detected with high sensitivity.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteins associated with nuclear matrix in rat testis.
Authors: Quesada P , D'Erme M , Atorino L , Faraone-Mennella M R , Caiafa P , Farina B
Published: January 2020

We have previously demonstrated that a significant percentage of poly(ADPR) polymerase is present, as a tightly-bound form, at the third level of chromatin organisation defined by chromosomal loops and nuclear matrix. The present work is focused on the study of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteins present in these nuclear subfractions. It has been shown that, due to the action of poly(ADPR) polymerase, the ADP-ribose moiety of [14C]NAD is transferred to both loosely-bound and tightly-bound chromosomal proteins, which in consequence are modified by chain polymers of ADP-ribose of different lengths. Moreover, histone-like proteins seem to be ADP-ribosylated in chromosomal loops and nuclear matrix associated regions of DNA loops (MARS). A hypothesis can be put forward that the ADP-ribosylation system is functionally related to the nuclear processes, actively coordinated by the nuclear matrix.
Modification of the lipid component modulates nuclear matrix nucleolytic activity.
Authors: Lubocka J , Szopa J , Kozubek A
Published: January 2020

It was shown that lipid composition of plant nuclear matrix depends on procedure of its isolation. The matrix isolated with the use of lithium diiodosalicylate (LiS) differs in its lipid composition from the preparation isolated with the use of nonionic detergent (Triton X-100). It was also shown that the nucleolytic activity of the matrix is related to its lipid component. Matrix depleted in lipids loses half of its nucleolytic activity which is recovered after supplementation with previously extracted lipids. The extent of recovery of the nucleolytic activity is also dependent on the presence of residual DNA in matrix preparation. The recoveries of nucleolytic activities were higher in matrices not depleted in their DNA content.
Immunotherapy in gram-negative bacterial infections.
Authors: Lugowski C
Published: January 2020

Endotoxins are responsible for initiation of septic shock which increases the number of fatalities in Gram-negative bacteremia among hospital patients. The mortality from septic shock is still high despite recent developments in antibiotic therapy because antibiotics are unable to decrease the level of free lipopolysaccharide in the blood stream. Another approach to the treatment and prevention of septicaemia involves stimulation of an immune response against LPS. It was found that immunization with the core structures of endotoxin conjugated with proteins protected animals against infections and endotoxic shock. Anticonjugate sera are of great interest because they are directed against conserved parts of LPS and therefore could have cross-reactive and cross-protective properties with respect to many Gram-negative rods.
Incorporation of stilbazolium merocyanines into resting and stimulated mononuclear leukocytes.
Authors: Frackowiak D , Wiktorowicz K , Cofta J , Niedbalska M , Latosińska M
Published: January 2020

Stimulated and resting mononuclear leukocytes were incubated with a stilbazolium merocyanine dye 1-(6'-hydroxyhexyl)-4-[(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5- dienylidene)ethylidene]-1,4-dihydropyridine and immobilized in isotropic and stretched polyvinyl alcohol film. Polarized absorption, fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra were collected and the anisotropy of absorption and emission were calculated. Analysis of the spectra pointed to: i. the occurrence of perturbation of the membrane structure by incubation with the dye, and ii. influence of the blood serum addition, during the process of incubation with the dye, on the efficiency of incorporation of merocyanine into the cells and the degree of the dye orientation in the membrane. A small fraction of the dye molecules introduced into resting cells was found oriented to a higher degree than a large fraction incorporated into stimulated cells. The incubation time longer than 15 min caused strong changes in the membrane structure both of the resting and stimulated cells.
The effect of endo- and exogenous melanin on Zn2+ and Co2+ elimination and distribution in mice.
Authors: Nogaj P , Buszman E , Swiatkowska L , Wilczok T
Published: January 2020

The content of endogenous melanin in white Balb c and black C-57 Bl. mice affected Zn2+ and Co2+ accumulation, elimination and distribution following intraperitoneal administration of these ions. Elimination of Co2+ ions was significantly greater in white mice than in black mice. Accumulation of Zn2+ was higher than that of Co2+ and did not depend on melanin content in mice. The same response was observed upon administration of exogenous melanin. Both ions accumulated mainly in spleen and heart irrespective of melanin content.
Beyond the Relief of Pain: Dentin Hypersensitivity and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Idon Paul Ikhodaro , Sotunde Olawale Akeem , Ogundare Temiloluwa Olawale
Published: January 2020

Pain is a constant symptom of dentin hypersensitivity (DH), which is a common condition that affects daily life and negatively affects the quality of life (QoL). Diagnosis and outcome measurements following the treatment of the disease require accurate pain assessment. The definition of pain underlies the complexity of its measurement as different factors modulate daily experience. The reproducibility of the prescribed stimuli for inducing DH pain clinically is difficult to achieve. This pain mevaasurement is made with unidimensional scales that are inadequate to capture the other dimensions of pain. The only specific QoL tool available for DH still requires testing in other populations and cultures. This article reviews the appropriateness of the current methods of DH pain assessment and the tools that consider the other pain dimensions. It also looks at its impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of people with DH. The findings will create interest and facilitate research in this field of DH pain measurement and management.
Evaluation of Dentin Adaptability of Fluoride Varnish as a Root Canal Sealer Using Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Omidi Salma , Ahadian Alireza , Hadidi Golnaz , Mousavi Seyed Jaber , Forghani Maryam
Published: January 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the dentin adaptability of a certain type of fluoride varnish, as a novel root canal sealer, in comparison with AH-Plus sealer.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four extracted single-rooted, single-canal human permanent teeth with straight and fully formed roots and no internal calcification, resorption or cracks, were selected and decoronated such that the remaining root length was 14 mm in all teeth. Root canals were prepared using the Mtwo rotary file system according to the manufacturer's instructions and filled with gutta-percha and either AH-Plus (n=12) or fluoride varnish (n=12) via the lateral compaction technique. Each root was then sectioned at 4 and 8 mm distances from the apex for evaluation under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The gap size between the sealer and dentin was measured. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and t-test with the significance level set at 0.05.
Results: The mean gap size was 14.407±1.402 µm and 8.342±0.694 µm in the roots obturated with AH-Plus and fluoride varnish sealers, respectively. The t-test revealed a statistically significant difference (P<0.001) in this regard between the two groups.
Conclusion: Fluoride varnish, as a root canal sealer, has a superior adaptation to dentinal canal walls compared to the AH-Plus sealer.
Knowledge and Attitude of Iranian Dentists Towards Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Ghoncheh Zahra , Panjnoush Mehrdad , Kaviani Hanieh , Kharazifard Mohamad Javad , Zahirnia Farzaneh
Published: January 2020

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of Iranian dentists towards cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A 20-item questionnaire was distributed among 410 Iranian dentistry graduates attending the 56th Congress of Iranian Dental Association held in Tehran, Iran. The questionnaire included items on demographic characteristics, namely full name, age, gender, work experience, type of current activity (individual or group), and the highest educational level. In addition, the questionnaire contained items on the knowledge and attitude of dentists. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical tests. Results: In this study, 49.3% and 22.4% of the subjects were male and female, respectively, 47.1% of whom used CBCT, while 49.8% did not. In detail, 72.2% of the dentists used the technique to evaluate the location of implants, whereas 19.7%, 3.2%, and 2.7% of the subjects applied it to localize the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), evaluate the location of implants and localize the IAN, and perform cephalometric analysis, respectively. The main causes of lack of prescription of CBCT entailed high cost (80%), high rate of patient absorbed dose (27.6%), insufficient number of CBCT centers (46.3%), and the long duration of the process (15.6%). Conclusion: CBCT is an advantageous imaging technique in dentistry. Considering the increased application of CBCT in dentistry, attending workshops could help train dentists to use the technique.