bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of increasing motor end‐plate innervation on smile activation in acute and early facial palsy
Authors: Pannuto Lucia , Khajuria Ankur , Kannan R. Y.
Published: August 2024

While it has been over half a century since primary cross‐facial nerve grafting was first described for facial reanimation, the outcome of this procedure, remains inconsistent and provide lesser smile excursion when compared to the likes of the masseteric nerve. However, the latter itself has limitations in terms of the lack of spontaneity and resting tone. While combinations have been attempted more proximally, we ask the question as to whether more distal nerve transfers with vascularized nerve grafts are a better option. In a retrospective review of clinical practice at our institute, 16 consecutive patients had single, double, and finally triple distal nerve transfers, close to the target facial muscle to reinnervate the motor endplates directly, over a 6‐year period (2018–23). All patients had the onset of facial palsy within 18 months. Statistical analysis of the comparison between three sub‐cohorts was performed using student's t‐test and one‐way ANOVA, respectively. Qualitatively, masseteric neurotization of a single facial nerve branch translated into smile improvement in 50% of cases, as opposed to all cases of double‐ and triple‐neurotization of the smile muscles. In terms of upper lip elevation, single neurotization showed improvement in 25% of cases, double‐neurotization in 40% of cases and triple‐neurotization in 100% of cases. Upper lip elevation was also significantly better in those who had a vascularized cross‐facial nerve graft (Student's t‐test <0.05). In summary, increasing neural input to the motor endplates of smile muscles can significantly improve smile activation, in acute flaccid facial palsies.
Enhancing food access in a comprehensive cancer center area of influence through local partner capacity building
Authors: Loomba Preena , Raber Margaret R. , Aquino Mayra , Rincon Nikki , Rumfield Lori , Basen‐Engquist Karen M. , Rechis Ruth
Published: August 2024

Background

Food insecurity, an economic and social condition of limited food access, is associated with poor diet quality—a risk factor for several common cancers. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center supports healthy food access through community‐led evidence translation by actively partnering with community‐based organizations (CBOs). These partnerships aim to enhance the capacity of food assistance CBOs to effectively implement evidence‐based food insecurity mitigation programs in the cancer center's area of influence.

Methods

This case study aims to describe the cancer center's model for local food access capacity building and detail operationalization in the context of a whole‐community cancer prevention effort (Be Well Baytown) in Baytown, Texas.

Results

Elements central to the capacity building model include (i) assessment of baseline needs and capacity, (ii) empowering a community champion within a relevant CBO, (iii) mapping inter‐sectoral community partnerships, collaborations, and linkages, and (iv) leveraging systems, connections, and resources to provide an enabling environment for overall food access systems growth. Through this process, Be Well Baytown enhanced the capacity of a local food pantry leading to increases in total reach, pounds of food distributed, and number of food distribution events in collaboration with intersectoral partners from 2018 to 2023.

Conclusion

This case study highlights the model's implementation as a co‐benefit community partnership strategy to maximize the impact of food security programs integrated with comprehensive cancer center prevention efforts.
Advancing transculturally informed, humanistic therapeutic practice for refugees and asylum seekers presenting with embodied trauma
Authors: O'Brien Charlotte , Charura Divine
Published: August 2024

Introduction

A record of 122.6 million people have sought refuge and asylum across the globe in 2024, exacerbated by emergencies in Ukraine, Sudan, Afghanistan and by the Israel–Hamas war. This number is set to rise to over 130 million people in refugee situations in 59 countries this year alone. With refugees suffering from higher rates of mental health difficulties than the general population, there is an urgent need to provide an expedient, socially just, transculturally informed pathway into humanistic psychological care services for these individuals. The objectives of this study were to explore how therapeutic practitioners are working effectively with displaced individuals presenting with embodied trauma, their experiences of transcultural approaches to therapeutic work and the impact of working alongside psychopharmacological medications in this commonly overprescribed client group.

Method

A qualitative semi‐structured interview was operationalised with 12 therapeutic practitioners who have worked with displaced individuals, utilising reflexive thematic analysis of the data.

Results

Findings highlight a critical need for an updated transculturally informed, humanistic, person‐centred pathway of care for each displaced individual.

Discussion

This study offers facilitators and challenges to using a humanistic, transculturally updated assessment, formulation, treatment plan, and routine outcome measures for embodied trauma. It also considers the importance of working with a client's cultural context of origin, language, universally understood emotions, cultural strengths, preferences for therapy and use of a psychopharmacological review within a holistic constellation of care.
Research Progress on Plant‐Derived Cardenolides (2010–2023)
Authors: He Yi‐Lin , Yang Hong‐Ying , Zhang Lei , Gong Zheng , Li Guo‐Li , Gao Kun
Published: August 2024

Cardenolides are a class of steroidal glycoside compounds that are mainly distributed in plants, have significant physiological activity in the heart, and have been used clinically for over 200 years. To provide a reference for further research and development of these compounds, the phytochemical and biological properties of natural cardenolides (295 compounds in total) isolated between 2010 and 2023 from 17 families and hundreds of species belonging to 70–80 genera were reviewed. In vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that antitumor, antibacterial, and antiviral activities are the most commonly reported pharmacological properties of cardenolides. Antitumor activities have been thoroughly studied to understand their structure‐activity relationships, revealing numerous potential anticancer molecules that lay the theoretical foundation for further development of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and the creation of new drugs.
Significance of diabetes mellitus status in patients undergoing percutaneous left main coronary artery intervention
Authors: Roumeliotis Anastasios , Siasos Gerasimos , Dangas George , Power David , Sartori Samantha , Vavouranakis Manolis , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Leone Pier Pasquale , Vogel Birgit , Cao Davide , Oliva Angelo , Oikonomou Evangelos , Smith Kenneth F. , Sweeny Joseph , Krishnan Prakash , Kini Annapoorna , Sharma Samin , Mehran Roxana
Published: August 2024

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a modifiable risk factor for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Treatment with insulin correlates with advanced disease and has been associated with excess cardiovascular risk, but evidence on outcomes of patients with insulin‐treated DM (ITDM) undergoing left main percutaneous coronary intervention (LMPCI) remains scarce.

Aims

The aim of the presented study is to evluate the risk attributable to DM and ITDM in patients undergoing LMPCI.

Methods

We included 869 patients undergoing PCI for unprotected LMCAD. The cohort was divided into three subgroups based on diabetic status: No DM, ITDM, and Non‐ITDM. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as a composite of death, spontaneous myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke at 1 year. Results were adjusted for clinically relevant baseline characteristics.

Results

Amongst participants, 58.7% had no DM, 25.9% non‐ITDM, and 15.4% ITDM. Diabetics were younger and more likely to be female. They also exhibited higher body mass index as well as prevalence of comorbidities, including hypertension, anemia, and chronic kidney disease. The number of bifurcation lesions and stents used was similar between groups. At 1 year, when compared to no DM, ITDM (25.4% vs. 10.0%, p < 0.01) but not non‐ITDM (10.8% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.94) demonstrated higher MACCE. This finding was driven by increased risk of MI. Mortality was 8.4%, 7.8%, and 17.2% for no DM, Non‐ITDM, and ITDM, respectively. Results remained unchanged after adjustment.

Conclusions

In a rather contemporary patient population undergoing PCI for LMCAD, ITDM but not non‐ITDM was associated with higher risk of 1‐year MACCE, primarily driven by MI.
Ingestion of several rubber gloves: A case report on Pica syndrome
Authors: Winterland Sarah , Schmidt Jeremy , Nordhoff Dennis , Barthlen Winfried , Hamelmann Eckard , Gaus Sebastian
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

After ingestion rubber gloves harden and can produce dangerous complications. Therefore the choice of treatment is of utmost importance. Aside from a surgical approach, endoscopy should also be considered as a treatment option on a case‐to‐case basis or if not applicable as a useful diagnostic tool.
Research Progress on the Pitch‐Based Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yukun , Lin Xiongchao , Xi Wenshuai , Gao Hongfeng , Wang Caihong , Liu Di , Wang Yonggang
Published: August 2024

This paper conducts a comprehensive review of the modification approaches for sodium‐ion anode materials fabricated using pitch‐based carbon. The current status of pitch‐based carbon preparation of anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) by heteroatom doping, morphology construction, and composite materials is introduced. The effects of different modification methods of pitch‐based carbon on their sodium storage performance were analyzed and compared. A variety of pitch‐based carbon modification mechanisms are also elucidated. From a microscopic perspective, the characteristics of pitch‐based carbon applied to the anode of SIBs are expounded, which has a certain guiding significance for the rational design of the microstructure of pitch‐based sodium‐ion battery anode materials. The commercial application of pitch‐based sodium‐ion battery anode materials relies on a simple and effective modification process.
Crystallography Reveals Metal‐Triggered Restructuring of β‐Hairpins
Authors: Thuc Dang Viet , Engineer Aryan , McElheny Dan , Drena Alexander , Telser Joshua , Tomczak Kyle , Nguyen Andy I.
Published: August 2024

Metal binding to β‐sheets occurs in many metalloproteins and is also implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. De novo designed metallo‐β‐sheets have been pursued as models and mimics of these proteins. However, no crystal structures of canonical β‐sheet metallopeptides have yet been obtained, in stark contrast to many examples for ɑ‐helical metallopeptides, leading to a poor understanding for their chemistry. To address this, we have engineered tryptophan zippers, stable 12‐residue β‐sheet peptides, to bind Cu(II) ions and obtained crystal structures through single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD). We find that metal binding triggers several unexpected supramolecular assemblies that demonstrate the range of higher‐order structures available to metallo‐β‐sheets. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of crystallography in elucidating the rich structural landscape of metallo‐β‐sheet peptides.
Heterometallic‐Organic Cages with Customized Cavities: Constructed by Bottom‐Up Step‐Wise Coordination‐Driven Self‐Assembly
Authors: Li Kaixiu , Liu Mingliang , Li Zhengguang , Chen Mingzhao , Wang Jun , Yuan Jie , Jiang Zhilong , Li Yiming , Wang Pingshan , Liu Die
Published: August 2024

Accurately synthesizing coordination‐driven metal‐organic cages with customized shape and cavity remains a great challenge for chemists. In this work, a bottom‐up step‐wise coordination‐driven self‐assembly approach was put forward. Employing this strategy, three terpyridyl heterometallic‐organic truncated tetrahedral cages with different sizes and cavity were precisely synthesized. Firstly, the coordination of tripodal organic ligands with Ru2+ afforded dendritic metal‐organic ligands L1‐L3. Then the Ru building blocks complexed with Fe2+ and shrunk to form the desired heterometallic‐organic cages (C1‐C3). These discrete heterometallic‐organic supramolecular cages were fully characterized and displayed the large and open cavities varied from 7205 Å3 to 9384 Å3. Notably, these cages could not be directly constructed by single‐step assembly process using initial organic ligands or dimeric metal‐organic ligands, indicative of the irreplaceability of a bottom‐up step‐wise assembly strategy for size‐customized architectures. This work paves a new way for precisely constructing metal‐organic cages with well‐defined cavities.
Gewinnung von Fettsäuremethylestern aus industriellem Kaffeesatz mittels eines In‐situ‐Prozesses
Authors: Grän‐Heedfeld Jürgen , Kraft Axel , Fastabend Anna , Kahl Fabian
Published: August 2024

In Kaffeesatz enthaltenes Kaffeeöl weist einen nennenswerten Anteil an ungesättigten Fettsäuren auf. In einem vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderten Projekt wurde Kaffeesatz aus der industriellen Herstellung von Instant‐Kaffee für die Nutzung in der stoffverarbeitenden Industrie untersucht, wobei die Isolierung, Funktionalisierung und Nutzung der ungesättigten Fettsäuren einen Schwerpunkt darstellte. Durch einen In‐situ‐Prozess der Ver‐ und Umesterung wurden die im Kaffeesatz enthaltenen Fettsäuren in Form von Fettsäuremethylestern zugänglich gemacht.
The Investigation of Hsp90C‐Terminal Inhibitors Containing Amide Bioisosteres
Authors: Amatya Eva , Subramanian Chitra , Long Reagan , McNamara Kelli , Cohen Mark S. , Blagg Brian S. J.
Published: August 2024

Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) is responsible for the proper folding and maturation of ~400 client protein substrates, many of which are directly associated with the ten hallmarks of cancer. Hsp90 is a great target for cancer therapy including melanoma, since Hsp90 inhibition can disrupt multiple oncogenic pathways simultaneously. In this study, we report the synthesis and anti‐proliferative activity manifested by a series of Hsp90 C‐terminal inhibitors against mutant BRAF and wild‐type BRAF melanoma cells. Furthermore, we explored structure‐activity relationships (SAR) for the amide moiety of 6 (B1), a novel Hsp90C‐terminal inhibitor via introduction of amide bioisosteres. Compound 6 displayed an IC50 of 1.01 μM, 0.782 μM, 0.607 μM and 1.413 μM against SKMel173, SKMel103, SKMel19 and A375 cells, respectively.
Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Material for Photocatalytic H₂ Evolution: Electron Shuttling between Photoresponsive Nanocomposite and Co(II) Redox Mediator
Authors: Augustin Ashil , Santhosh Yesupatham Manova , Shenoy Sulakshana , Dhileepan M. D. , Neppolian Bernaurdshaw , Sekar Karthikeyan
Published: August 2024

In this report, a conductive polymer encapsulated metal oxide photocatalyst is developed through a straightforward insitu synthesis method wherein, polythiophene is incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles which imparts enhanced visible‐light absorption to the samples and significantly improves the efficiency of charge transfer resulting due to the vacancy defects and high conductivity, ultimately leading to exceptional performance in H2 production. Significantly, the rate of H2 production was enhanced even further through the deposition of simple redox mediator. The introduction of Co2+ facilitates the transfer of photogenerated holes from the valence band by its conversion from +2 to +3 oxidation state which further enables the oxidation mechanism. The recombination rate of excitons has been significantly reduced due to the efficient transfer of photogenerated holes and the rate of photocatalytic H2 production is improved. Interestingly, the valence states and local atomic structure of the Ti species in the synthesized sample were ascertained through the utilization of Ti K‐edge XANES and EXAFS analysis, which validated the energy position.
Channel equalization through pre‐denoising using a hybrid multiscale decomposition in an impulsive noise environment
Authors: Wilson Annet Mary , Panigrahi Trilochan , Mishra Bishnu Prasad , Sabat Samrat L
Published: August 2024

In wireless communication, impulsive noise often degrades channel quality, which poses challenges for equalizers. Although robust equalization methods offer some effectiveness, the occurrence of impulsive noise after training significantly impacts the symbol error rate (SER). To mitigate this issue, we propose a method that involves denoising the received signal using robust wavelet decomposition before equalization. This approach combines the discrete wavelet transform with median and morphological filters to reduce impulsive noise. A pre‐impulsive noise detection mechanism triggers denoising only when impulsive noise is detected. We evaluate the SER performance of the proposed technique using simulations of a 16‐QAM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with kernel interpolation‐based frequency domain equalization (FDE) in a Rayleigh fading channel with impulsive noise. Results show that our approach achieves SER levels comparable to conventional methods in Gaussian noise scenarios, demonstrating its effectiveness in challenging wireless communication environments. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique in non‐Gaussian noise gives the SER on par with the FDE in a Gaussian noise environment.
Mobility‐compatible cache controlled cluster networking protocol
Authors: Sunhare Priyank , Chattopadhyay Manju K.
Published: August 2024

The cluster networking protocols are the roots that embed intelligent decision‐making and enhance the lifespan of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Wireless sensors with limited capabilities face several challenges due to the heterogeneous application environments. Especially, the mobility‐incorporated sensors in most situations trouble the cluster network's robustness. Many cluster networking protocols have been presented in the past to enhance the network lifespan and data delivery ratio. However, they lack a dedicated and efficient mechanism for mobility assistance, an adequate cluster management process and cluster head selection criteria. To overcome these issues and for the uniform energy load distribution, we propose a mobility‐compatible cache controlled cluster networking protocol (MC‐CCCNP) in this paper. It is an energy‐efficient cluster networking protocol that supports sensor movement. Network resource management and routing are controlled distributively by an optimal number of cache nodes. It defines a new strategy for cache node deployment based on neighbour density as well as a weight formula for cluster head selection and cluster formation based on the residual energy, the distance to the base station and the node velocity. It also includes techniques for detaching and reconnecting a mobile node to an appropriate cluster cache if it crosses the cluster boundary. We simulate and compare the performance of our protocol with the centralised energy‐efficient clustering routing, energy‐efficient mobility‐based cluster head selection protocol and dual tier cluster‐based routing protocols over different network configurations with varying mobility, scalability and heterogeneity. The MC‐CCCNP showed remarkable improvements in energy utilisation uniformity and energy consumption. With the improved network lifespan, it also maintains a higher data throughput rate of 95% or more in almost all network configurations.
A flexible and interpretable spatial covariance model for data on graphs
Authors: Christensen Michael F. , Hoff Peter D.
Published: August 2024

Spatial models for areal data are often constructed such that all pairs of adjacent regions are assumed to have near‐identical spatial autocorrelation. In practice, data can exhibit dependence structures more complicated than can be represented under this assumption. In this article, we develop a new model for spatially correlated data observed on graphs, which can flexibly represented many types of spatial dependence patterns while retaining aspects of the original graph geometry. Our method implies an embedding of the graph into Euclidean space wherein covariance can be modeled using traditional covariance functions, such as those from the Matérn family. We parameterize our model using a class of graph metrics compatible with such covariance functions, and which characterize distance in terms of network flow, a property useful for understanding proximity in many ecological settings. By estimating the parameters underlying these metrics, we recover the “intrinsic distances” between graph nodes, which assist in the interpretation of the estimated covariance and allow us to better understand the relationship between the observed process and spatial domain. We compare our model to existing methods for spatially dependent graph data, primarily conditional autoregressive models and their variants, and illustrate advantages of our method over traditional approaches. We fit our model to bird abundance data for several species in North Carolina, and show how it provides insight into the interactions between species‐specific spatial distributions and geography.
Achieving fairness in the food system
Authors: Onyeaka Helen , Duan Keru , Miri Taghi , Pang Gu , Shiu Eric , Pokhilenko Irina , Ögtem‐Young Özlem , Jabbour Liza , Miles Kathryn , Khan Amil , Foyer Christine H. , Frew Emma , Fu Lin , Osifowora Bisola
Published: August 2024

The challenge of feeding an additional 2 billion people by 2050 is one of the most pressing issues of our generation. The required changes in the current food system must be achieved while reducing the negative environmental impacts of current farming practices on our climate and biodiversity and avoiding deforestation. This formidable challenge must be overcome in a projected climate that is more variable and where extreme weather events are increasingly common. While the green revolution, agricultural land expansion and agrotechnological innovations have significantly increased crop productivity over the last 50 years, the gains in the yields of most major crops have reached a plateau. Moreover, global hunger remains at a record high. Climate change‐associated changes in weather patterns have decreased the yields of major crops. Further land expansion is impossible without severe trade‐offs with biodiversity and climate change mitigation. Wars and pandemics are currently severely disrupting the global agri‐food system, increasing prices and exacerbating food insecurity, with the world's poorest suffering the most. The climate change–social instability nexus will continue to cause additional stress to the agri‐food system. Here, we consider the inequities in the current food system, highlighting the weak interconnection among research, policy and societal action that is hindering mitigation and adaptation efforts. We argue that improved interconnections among research, policy, governance and societal action will unlock the potential to achieve food security while supporting climate change mitigation targets. Our analysis includes specific strategies such as strengthening small‐scale farmers, promoting fair trade practices and reducing food waste to achieve these goals.
A study on degradation and CO2 capture performance of aqueous amino acid salts for direct air capture applications
Authors: Kiani Ali , Conway Will , Abdellah Mohamed H. , Puxty Graeme , Minor Ann‐Joelle , Kluivers Gerard , Bennett Robert , Feron Paul
Published: August 2024

We have previously proposed amino acid salts solutions as potential absorption liquids for direct air capture (DAC) of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, little is known about their relevant CO2 solubilities, CO2 mass transfer rates, and susceptibility to oxidative and thermal degradation under conditions relevant to DAC. We report here on the overall solubility of CO2 and CO2 mass transfer rates into a series of amino acid salts solutions. Additionally, the robustness of various amino acid salt solutions to thermal and oxidative degradation has been assessed.

CO2 absorption rates into the amino acid salts solutions were observed to be in the same order of magnitude as aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA), with sarcosinate and lysinate solutions providing the fastest and slowest CO2 mass transfer rates at 25°C, respectively. Degradation data revealed that all amino acid salt solutions investigated in this study displayed elevated rates of thermal degradation at both 120 and 150°C relative to MEA. The opposite trend was observed with respect to oxidative degradation where all amino acid salt solutions showed a greater resistance to oxidative degradation than that observed for MEA under the conditions investigated here. Considering the degradation, CO2 absorption capacity, and CO2 mass transfer rate data, we propose the potassium salts of proline and sarcosine as the most promising amino acid salts (of those considered here) for further evaluation in DAC processes. Overall, this study provides valuable insight into the suitability of various amino acid salt solutions as absorption liquid for DAC. © 2024 The Author(s). Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The superposition of Cretaceous mineralization events leading to the formation of the large Baiyinnuoer Pb–Zn deposit in NE China
Authors: Wang Ruiliang , Wang Jie , Zhao Yuling , Zeng Qingdong , Wang Xiaowei , Yang Jinzhong , Guo Yunpeng , Yu Bing , Wu Jinjian
Published: August 2024

The Baiyinnuoer Pb–Zn deposit, estimated at 26.57 million metric tonnes (Mt) with grades of 1.77% Pb and 5.21% Zn, is situated in the southern Great Xing'an Range (SGXR) of northeast China. The deposit comprises southern and northern ore belts. The southern belt primarily contains skarn ore bodies (32% of reserves) associated with Triassic granodiorite, while the northern belt is dominated by skarn ore bodies (30% of reserves) related to Triassic diorite porphyry. In addition to Triassic skarn‐type mineralization, the deposit also exhibits Early Cretaceous mineralization. This includes vein‐type occurrences (36% of reserves) within volcanic tuff and syenite porphyry, alongside a small amount of skarn ore bodies (2% of reserves) related to syenite porphyry. LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb dating of intrusive rocks and garnets was conducted to investigate the timing and genesis of these mineralization events, revealing two distinct stages of skarn‐type mineralization. The first stage, associated with Early Triassic granitoids, dates to 254.6 ± 1.4–241.7 ± 2.7 Ma, while the second stage is closely associated with Early Cretaceous syenite porphyry, constrained to 135.4 ± 1.1–135.2 ± 1.6 Ma. Garnet U–Pb dating in the syenite porphyry‐related skarn yielded an age of 134.9 ± 4.7 Ma; however, due to low U content, reliable dating of garnets associated with Early Triassic granitoid‐related skarn was not feasible. Micro‐thermometry and Laser Raman analyses of fluid inclusions within vein‐type ore bodies highlighted distinct differences between vein‐type mineralization and Early Triassic skarn‐type mineralization. Additionally, in situ sulfur isotope analyses of sphalerite from both Early Triassic and Early Cretaceous ore bodies indicate a magmatic origin for sulfur in both stages. Through comprehensive geological, geochronological, in situ sulfur isotope and fluid inclusion studies, the Baiyinnuoer Pb–Zn deposit is conclusively identified as a large deposit characterized by two distinct periods of mineralization (Early Triassic and Early Cretaceous), akin to several other significant polymetallic deposits in NE China.
Geological characteristics and ore‐forming conditions of the Tasikmadu porphyry Cu–Au prospect in Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Idrus Arifudin , Kaneko Genki , Takahashi Ryohei , Aldan Finlan Adhitya , Rahmalia Trifatama , Sato Hinako
Published: August 2024

Tasikmadu is a newly discovered porphyry Cu–Au prospect in the eastern Sunda arc, Indonesia. This study aimed to elucidate salient diagnostic characteristics and ore‐forming conditions of the prospect. Fieldwork and various laboratory analyses for a suite of representative samples were performed for mineralogy, bulk‐geochemistry, mineral chemistry and ore fluid characterization. The study area is composed of three diorite porphyries, that is, fine‐grained, medium‐grained and coarse‐grained diorite porphyry, respectively. The intrusions are calc‐alkaline with a high Sr/Y value, which is similar to many ore‐bearing intrusions in the eastern Sunda arc. Ore mineralization occurs in quartz veins and veinlet stockwork, centred in the potassic zone, and dominated by chalcopyrite and bornite occurring in A and B veins, which cut earlier barren (EB) and M veins. The mineralization core has an average grade of 0.63 wt% Cu and 0.25 ppm Au, respectively. Outwardly, the potassic zone changes to the propylitic zone, which still bears copper in the quartz and pyrite veinlets, although the grade is low. Fluid inclusion microthermometry revealed that the A and B veins in the potassic zone formed at 464 and 390°C by hypersaline boiling fluids, respectively. The temperature temporally and spatially decreased, that is, in the propylitic zone, the quartz veinlets formed at 260–400°C. Hypogene mineralization that formed the A veins occurred at 1.5 km below the palaeosurface, indicating a relatively shallow depth as a porphyry deposit. Nevertheless, the δ34SCDT values of sulphides range from −2.0 to −0.1‰, inferring a magmatic origin. The Tasikmadu prospect shares some similarities compared with other porphyry deposits worldwide, but it also reveals unique characteristics that differ from others, for example, potassic‐altered rocks are only typified by secondary biotite without/rare secondary K‐feldspar reflecting the lack of magma contamination by continental crustal components. In addition, current surface geological features and shallow depth erosion level of the prospect may imply that the potential of Cu–Au mineralization underneath is still open to depth.
TMEM252 inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition and progression in papillary thyroid carcinoma by regulating Notch1 expression
Authors: Zhang Shuyong , Xie Rong , Wang Liuhuan , Fu Guoxue , Zhang Chenxi , Zhang Yang , Yu Jichun
Published: August 2024

Background

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for about 85% of thyroid cancer cases. Transmembrane protein 252 (TMEM252) is a gene encoding a transmembrane protein that has only been reported to be associated with triple‐negative breast cancer. Herein, we first elucidated the physiological roles and possible regulatory proteins of TMEM252 in PTC pathogenesis.

Methods

Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses were utilized to ascertain the relative TMEM252 expression in PTC and surrounding normal tissues. Functional investigations involved CCK‐8 viability assay, EdU incorporation assay for proliferation, transwell assays for migration and invasion, and an in vivo tumor development assessment to evaluate the TMEM252‐mediated regulation of tumor formation.

Results

Our results first revealed diminished TMEM252 transcript and protein expressions in PTC tissues and cell lines. TMEM252 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation through reducing p53, p21, and p16 expression. Conversely, TMEM252 depletion has opposite effects in PTC cells both in vivo. Additionally, the upregulation of TMEM252 demonstrated cell migration and invasion suppression by impeding the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process via inhibition of the Notch pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of TMEM252 suppressed tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusion

Our study elucidates that TMEM252 suppresses PTC progression by modulating the Notch pathway. These findings underscore TMEM252 is a potential therapeutic target in managing PTC.
Climate change and resilience of the Senegalese health system in the face of the floods in Keur Massar
Authors: Diallo Abdoulaye Moussa , Ridde Valery
Published: August 2024

This article is based on the observation that the affected populations perceive existing community‐based adaptation strategies to the health effects of floods differently. We explore the resilience of the local health system to climate change (CC) in Keur Massar (Senegal) using a monographic approach based on a qualitative survey of flooded households, health professionals, hygiene agents, community health actors, administrative and local authorities, agents from the Ministries of Health and Environment, and experts from the ecological and meteorological monitoring centre (n = 72). The effects of CC on health are modulated by financial, organisational, social and cultural factors. The effects of CC on health are modulated by traditionally praised by self‐centred health governance, which is often based on standardisation of problems and thus not sufficiently attuned to local contexts, especially the climate vulnerability index (CVI) of households and health structures. Despite the existence of programs to combat the consequences of CC, the notorious lack of exhaustive mapping of areas with a high CVI hinders the effective management of the health of the affected populations. A typology of forms of mobility in the context of flooding—ground floor to the upper floor, borrowing a room, renting a flat, seasonal residence—reveals inequalities in access to care as well as specific health needs management of vector‐borne diseases, discontinuity of maternal, newborn and child health care, and psychosocial assistance. The article outlines how a health territorialisation based on surveillance and response mechanisms can be co‐constructed and made sustainable in areas with a high CVI. Integrating this approach into national health policies allows for equity in health systems efficiently and sustainably.
Laparoscopic excision of a large 25 cm adnexal mass with ovarian preservation while minimizing spillage
Authors: Tariq Saboohi , Kumar Parijot , Salameh Fadi‐Tamas
Published: August 2024

Synopsis

The surgical video will guide through the step by step process involved in laparoscopic removal of large adnexal masses while minimizing spillage.
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts derived exosomal LINC01833 promotes the occurrence of non‐small cell lung cancer through miR‐335‐5p ‐VAPA axis
Authors: Chen Jie , Sun Jian‐jun , Ma Ya‐wen , Zhu Meng‐qin , Hu Jing , Lu Qi‐jue , Cai Zhi‐gang
Published: August 2024

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and can induce functional polarization of tumor macrophages. This study aimed to explore the effect of CAFs‐derived exosome LINC01833 on the malignant biological behavior of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and its mechanism. Tumor tissues (n = 3) and adjacent noncancerous tissues (n = 3) were collected from patients with NSCLC, and fibroblasts (CAF, NF) were isolated from the two tissues. Expression of LINC01833/miR‐335‐5p/VAPA in NSCLC clinical tissues and cell lines was detected by RT‐qPCR. Exosomes of CAFs and NFs were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and M2 macrophage polarization were detected by MTT, transwell, wound‐healing assay, and flow cytometry assay, while western blot was used to verify the expression of M2 macrophage polarization‐related proteins. Tumor volume weight and M2 macrophage polarization were detected by tumor xenografts in nude mice. LINC01833 was highly expressed in NSCLC tumor tissues and cells. Knockdown of LINC01833 exosomes could significantly inhibit proliferation, migration, invasion of NSCLC cells, and M2 macrophage polarization of THP‐1 cells, while simultaneous knockdown of miR‐335‐5p on the above basis could reverse the effect of knockdown of LINC01833. In vivo experiments also indicated that knockdown of LINC01833 exosomes suppressed tumor growth and M2 macrophage polarization. CAF‐derived LINC01833 exosomes can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells and M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting miR‐335‐5p and regulating VAPA activity.
Improved biochemical and neurodevelopmental profiles with high‐dose hydroxocobalamin therapy in cobalamin C defect
Authors: Olivieri Giorgia , Greco Benedetta , Cairoli Sara , Catesini Giulio , Lepri Francesca Romana , Orazi Lorenzo , Mallardi Maria , Martinelli Diego , Ricci Daniela , Simeoli Raffaele , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo
Published: August 2024

Cobalamin C (Cbl‐C) defect causes methylmalonic acidemia, homocystinuria, intellectual disability and visual impairment, despite treatment adherence. While international guidelines recommend parenteral hydroxocobalamin (OH‐Cbl) as effective treatment, dose adjustments remain unclear. We assessed OH‐Cbl therapy impact on biochemical, neurocognitive and visual outcomes in early‐onset Cbl‐C patients treated with different OH‐Cbl doses over 3 years. Group A (n = 5), diagnosed via newborn screening (NBS), received high‐dose OH‐Cbl (median 0.55 mg/kg/day); Group B1 (n = 3), NBS‐diagnosed, received low‐dose OH‐Cbl (median 0.09 mg/kg/day); Group B2 (n = 12), diagnosed on clinical bases, received low‐dose OH‐Cbl (median 0.06 mg/kg/day). Biochemical analyses revealed better values of homocysteine, methionine and methylmalonic acid in Group A compared to Group B1 (p < 0.01, p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and B2 (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Neurodevelopmental assessment showed better outcome in Group A compared to low‐dose treated Groups B1 and B2, especially in Developmental Quotient, Hearing and Speech and Performance subscales without significant differences between Group B2 and Group B1. Maculopathy was detected in 100%, 66% and 83% of patients in the three groups, respectively. This study showed that “high‐dose” OH‐Cbl treatment in NBS‐diagnosed children with severe early‐onset Cbl‐C defect led to a significant improvement in the metabolic profile and in neurocognitive outcome, compared to age‐matched patients treated with a “low‐dose” regimen. Effects on maculopathy seem unaffected by OH‐Cbl dosage. Our findings, although observed in a limited number of patients, may contribute to improve the long‐term outcome of Cbl‐C patients.
Dynamic aspects of investigative interviewing high‐status fraud suspects
Authors: Hoekstra Manon R.
Published: August 2024

High‐status financial fraudsters can inflict significant financial and social damage on society. This study aims to provide insight into the dynamics during investigative interviews with such suspects. To this end, 409 half‐hour episodes of audio‐recorded investigative interviews with 28 high‐status suspects were analysed. Officers’ interview techniques are classified in four categories (rapport building; disclosure of potential evidence; adopting a challenging posture; authoritative signalling). Suspects' statements are classified into three categories (general disclosure; providing alternative explanations; uncertain statement behaviour). The dynamic relations between interviewers’ questions and suspects’ statements are studied, both within and across half‐hour episodes.
Ultrastructure of the extraordinary pedal gland in Asplanchna aff. herricki (Rotifera: Monogononta)
Authors: Hochberg Rick , Wallace Robert L. , Walsh Elizabeth J. , Araújo Thiago Q.
Published: August 2024

Rotifers possess complex morphologies despite their microscopic size and simple appearance. Part of this complexity is hidden in the structure of their organs, which may be cellular or syncytial. Surprisingly, organs that are cellular in one taxon can be syncytial in another. Pedal glands are widespread across Rotifera and function in substrate attachment and/or egg brooding. These glands are normally absent in Asplanchna, which lack feet and toes that function as outlets for pedal glandular secretions in other rotifers. Here, we describe the ultrastructure of a pedal gland that is singular and syncytial in Asplanchna aff. herricki, but is normally paired and cellular in all other rotifers. Asplanchna aff. herricki has a single large pedal gland that is active and secretory; it has a bipartite, binucleate, syncytial body and a cytosol filled with rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and several types of secretory vesicles. The most abundant vesicle type is large and contains a spherical electron‐dense secretion that appears to be produced through homotypic fusion of condensing vesicles produced by the Golgi. The vesicles appear to undergo a phase transition from condensed to decondensed along their pathway toward the gland lumen. Decondensation changes the contents to a mucin‐like matrix that is eventually exocytosed in a “kiss‐and‐run” fashion with the plasma membrane of the gland lumen. Exocytosed mucus enters the gland lumen and exits through an epithelial duct that is an extension of the syncytial integument. This results in mucus that extends from the rotifer as a long string as the animal swims through the water. The function of this mucus is unknown, but we speculate it may function in temporary attachment, prey capture, or floatation.
Image‐Generated Word‐of‐Mouth: A Catalyst for Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) Tourism?
Authors: Bakri Marlini , Richard James E. , Krisjanous Jayne
Published: August 2024

This research introduces and tests the concept of image‐generated word‐of‐mouth (iWOM), extending the scope of visual rhetoric and emotional contagion theories. Using collected paired data and PLS‐based structural equation modeling, this study examines the role of sojourners as adept visual influencers and of their images as critical marketing vehicles in VFR tourism. The findings demonstrate that sojourner iWOM influences the overall impression of receiving friends and relatives, a key mechanism that facilitates an intention to visit/engage in VFR tourism. Additionally, this study clarifies the intervening role of tie strength in the consumption of iWOM between two subgroups (friends/relatives), where tie strength is only found to strengthen the effectiveness of iWOM in shaping the perceptions and subsequently, visit intentions of the friends subgroup. Collectively, the findings provide initial insights into using online initiatives in marketing to target the difficult‐to‐reach VFR segment—a key segment in post‐crisis recovery.
Energy‐Efficient Integrated Photonic Topological Devices
Authors: Zhang Zijian , Liao Dashuang , Li Yuanzhen , Xie Xinrong , Yang Yumeng , Wang Kai , Dong Zhaozhen , Li Erping , Chen Hongsheng , Gao Fei
Published: August 2024

Topological photonics is revolutionizing the integrated electromagnetic devices, on account of the robust mode propagations immune to structural defects and sharp bends. Such robust modes have spawned attractive devices known as photonic topological waveguides (PTW), especially implemented on compact photonic‐crystal platforms. However, these exotic waveguides are challenging to be high‐efficiently interconnected with conventional integrated photonic devices. To tackle this challenge, a general energy‐efficient strategy for topological photonic structures is proposed. Such strategy is implemented onto three types of typical PTWs, which extract electromagnetic energy high efficiently from standard single‐mode rectangular waveguides. Moreover, the results of dual‐polarization valley PTW proves the polarization‐independence of their strategy. The measured near‐perfect excitation efficiencies are stable across the whole operational band of topological waveguides, thus verifying the frequency independence of this strategy. By utilizing this energy‐efficient strategy, an integrated topological high‐gain antenna, which achieves the peak directive gain of 20.25 dBi and half power beam width of 5.23° at 60 GHz, is realized. This strategy on energy‐efficient design is general to be applicable on other types of topological photonic platforms and paves the way for applications of topological electromagnetic devices.
Ultra‐Fast, Fine‐Resolution Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate Spectrometer
Authors: Liang Wei , Lin Zhongjin , Wang Yifei , Hu Junlie , Li Binneng , Lin Yanmei , Zhu Yuntao , Yu Siyuan , Cai Xinlun
Published: August 2024

Achieving rapid spectroscopic characterization is highly desirable for contactless, real‐time monitoring applications. However, it is challenging due to the trade‐off between short acquisition time and fine resolution. To address this challenge, a fully active scanning Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) using thin‐film lithium niobate (TFLN) photonics is proposed. This work theoretically reveals relations between acquisition time and resolution and finds that their trade‐off can be notably alleviated by employing Michelson interferometer architectures. The proposed device consists of two broadband edge couplers and a tunable Michelson interferometer which includes 1.02 m‐length equivalent waveguides. The fabricated waveguides can achieve a wafer‐scale optical propagation loss of 12 2.4 dB , which enables the device to maintain a low insertion loss with a 1.02 m‐length equivalent waveguide. The proposed device can achieve an acquisition time of 10 , a spectral resolution of 0.74 (i.e., 0.19 nm), and an operation wavelength range from 1260 to 1600 nm.
Ultrafast‐Laser‐Induced Nanostructures with Continuously Tunable Period on Au Surface for Photoluminescence Control in Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Chen Zhicheng , Jiang Lan , Sun Jingya , Wang Feifei , Yang Yang , Zhang Ruochen , Lin Gen
Published: August 2024

Nanostructures of noble metal offer an exciting opportunity to tune photoluminescence (PL) in 2D materials, which has shown promise for applications in plasmonic devices. However, an efficient, designable, residue‐free nanofabrication method remains challenging. Herein, a one‐step ultrafast laser nanofabrication method is performed in fabrication of laser induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) with continuously tunable periods over a wide range (from 439 to 2086 nm) on Au. The process of LIPSS imprinting is revealed at different time scales: periodical energy deposition within hundreds of femtoseconds, phase transition after 10 ps, and resolidification after 200 ps. Furthermore, the intensity and peak shift of PL in monolayer MoS2 (1L‐MoS2) can be tuned by LIPSS, 11‐fold enhancement resulting from nanoscale confinement of the incident laser and exciton‐trion localized interconversion emanating from hot electron transfer and tensile strain. The results are promising for 2D‐materials/metal heterostructures to applications in plasmonic devices and nanophotonic integrated circuits.