bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Krowa w tradycyjnej kulturze duchowej Polesia Brzeskiego (2)
Authors: Shved Inna
Published: January 2022

W artykule podjęto rozważania na temat stosunku chłopów do krów, podstaw i mechanizmów jego semiotyzacji oraz mitopoetycznej interpretacji wizerunków krowy (cielaka) w różnych typach i gatunkach tradycyjnej białoruskiej kultury duchowej. Autorka analizuje materiał folklorystyczny i etnograficzny zarejestrowany w latach 1990–2018 na Polesiu Brzeskim. Wykazano, że powstały na gruncie motywacji mitologicznej „kod krowy-byka” obejmuje rozległy obszar zjawisk kultury duchowej i materialnej chłopów, przedmiotów związanych z życiem chłopskim, i jest odnotowywany w terminologii związanej z rytuałami, a także w obrzędowych i nieobrzędowych tekstach folklorystycznych
Tocqueville and Religion: Some New Perspectives
Authors: Schleifer James T.
Published: January 2022

Tocqueville’s major ideas about religion appear very early in his American journey notes and remain by and large unchanged during the nine years when he was writing the Democracy. As early as the end of June 1831, after less than two months in the New World, his travel diaries and letters home refer to nearly all of the key themes relating to religion which would later appear in the 1835 and 1840 portions of his book.
Estimation of typological delineation of emotional-dynamic pattern in practically healthy ukrainian women without and taking into account somatotype
Authors: Andriievskyi I. I. , Maievskyi О. Ye. , Stepanenko R. L. , Nesteruk V. P. , Gunas I. V.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. The level of subjective control may vary in different regions depending on social and economic living conditions, moral attitudes and level of education of the population. Circumstances such as age, gender and constitutional variability in the locus of control cannot be ruled out (although there is very little research on this issue). The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative study of the typological delineation of the emotional-dynamic pattern in practically healthy Ukrainian women without and taking into account the somatotype. Primary anthropo-somatotypological and personality indicators of practically healthy Ukrainian women aged 21 to 35 of different somatotypes were selected from the database of materials of the research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. Determination of the components of internality by J. Rotter in the modification of E. F. Bazhin, S. O. Golinkina and O. M. Etkind included the definition (sten): indicator of the scale of general internality of the level of subjective control, indicators of the level of subjective control in the industry achievements, failures, family relationships, educational (professional) relationships, interpersonal relationships, health and disease. Statistical processing of the results was performed in the license package “Statistica 5.5” using non-parametric evaluation methods. The reliability of the difference between the values between the independent quantitative values was determined using the U-Mann-Whitney test. There was a lower level of general internality and subjective control in the field of achievement in mesomorphic women compared to women without taking into account somatotype and women of other somatotypes. According to the scale of internality in the field of failures in women without taking into account somatotype, endo-mesomorphs and representatives of the middle intermediate somatotype, the most developed sense of control over negative situations and the tendency to blame themselves for trouble compared to mesomorphic women. It is characteristic that in the sphere of family relations this image emerges especially clearly in mesomorphic women; they consider their partner, not themselves, to be more responsible for the events of family life. Women of intermediate somatotype compared to women without somatotype and women mesomorphs and ectomorphs have a higher level of internality in the field of interpersonal relationships. The level of subjective health and disease control in endo-mesomorphic women is significantly lower than in ectomorphic women. Thus, the level and various parameters of subjective control can be used as personal markers of the studied somatotype, which will create optimal and most individualized recommendations for psychological support, adaptation and coping strategies.
Asymmetric dimethylarginine – a marker of repeated cardiovascular events in patients with comorbid pathology
Authors: Feldman D. A.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. Today, diseases of the cardiovascular system retain their leading position among the incidence in the world. The presence of comorbid pathology in the form of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly complicates the course of these diseases, worsening its prognosis. The aim of the study: to analyze the prognostic value of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a marker of recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction with type 2 diabetes for 6 months of follow-up. 120 patients were examined: group 1 – patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=70), group 2 - patients with isolated AMI (n=50). The control group included 20 practically healthy individuals. All patients underwent general clinical and instrumental examinations, on the first day of AMI the level of ADMA was determined using a commercial test system "Human Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine ELISA". Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using the software package StatSoft Inc, USA – "Statistica 6.0". The analysis of the average level of ADMA showed a significantly higher value of this indicator in patients with AMI in combination with type 2 DM than in patients without concomitant type 2 DM 2.57 times (1.57±0.11 μmol / l and 0.61±0.06 μmol / l, respectively), (p<0,05. ADMA level >1,72 μmol / l in patients with AMI in combination with type 2 DM and >0,69 μmol / l in patients with AMI without concomitant type 2 DM was identified as a predictor of recurrent acute myocardial infarction within 6 months of follow-up. Thus, the level of ADMA was higher in the presence of comorbid pathology in the form of type 2 DM in patients with AMI, reflecting endothelial dysfunction combining disease. It is advisable to further study this indicator of endothelial dysfunction as a predictor of the adverse course of AMI in combination with concomitant type 2 DM.
Impact of Ecotourism on Local Community’s Participation in Coastal Resource Management: Case of Palaui Island Protected Landscape and Seascape (PIPLS) in Northern Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Ballad Emma , Morooka Yoshinori , Shinbo Teruyuki
Published: January 2022

The establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) managed by the community has been a popular tool for coastal and resource management in the Philippines. As the MPAs limit the use of the resources, the eco-biological components of the marine environment have been preserved and maintained, which opened opportunities for ecotourism activities. Thus, ecotourism has been developed as one way of gaining economic benefits from the coastal and marine resources while conserving biodiversity and restoring critical habitats by shifting resource exploitation from an extractive to a non-extractive usage. This study was conducted using household surveys and key informant interviews to investigate whether ecotourism's development affects the local community's participation and support on MPA management using the case of Palaui Island Protected Landscape and Seascape (PIPLS) in northern Luzon, Philippines. The respondents recognized the impacts of ecotourism on their family welfare, fishing activities, and involvement in MPA management. In particular, ecotourism development strengthens local communities' support for coastal resource management, especially if it provides enough sources of income. The results of this study could provide information to resource managers and policymakers on crafting sustainable ecotourism and alternative livelihood policies in MPAs, taking into account its possible impacts on the coastal fishing communities.
How Filipino Fishers Use Traditional Knowledge in Identifying Species of Juvenile Mangrove Crabs for Grow-out Culture
Authors: Orario Hilarie , Cai Qiuting , Chua Janella Kristine , Magpayo Evanae Schon , Po Aliexandra Heart , Sanchez Jennifer , Perez Karen Camille , Solis Kenneth Jay , Ngo Courtney Anne , VinceCruz-Abeledo Chona Camille
Published: January 2022

Mangrove crab growers in the Philippines still rely on wild-caught late instar to early juvenile mangrove crablets, as supplies from hatcheries are limited. Any batch of crablets caught from the wild is a mix of the three native species under the genus Scylla. Scylla species have different growth rates. Since grow-out culture depends heavily on species' growth, growers should be able to distinguish the species as early as the juvenile stage, which is taxonomically difficult. This study was done to consolidate low-cost traditional identification techniques for juvenile Scylla from fishers of the Philippines for future validation. Focused group discussions were done in fishing communities from Bataan, Pangasinan, and Cagayan on the island of Luzon. The study was continued through online surveys, as travel was restricted due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Results indicate that 70.58% of respondents identify the species of crabs by looking at their claws and 55.88% observe the color of the crabs. Almost half, or 41.17% of respondents, consider the width and size of the carapace. Unique methods in certain Philippine regions include observation of the behavior patterns, carapace texture, rate of weight gain, and seasonality. Validation of the traditional practices identified in this study would result in a reliable "at-a-glance" method of identifying juvenile Scylla in the Philippines, which would shorten the culture period, improve production gains, and manage local populations.
High-Percentage of Early Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma is Unidentified on Abdominal CT Obtained for Unrelated Diagnosis
Authors:   A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri, USA, Leonard Talayna , Lemme Robert , Kral Cati , Santiago Briana , Elberts Chris , Dewald Stephanie , McGonagill Patrick , Waclawski Paul , Bay Curt , J Koo Phillip , Papesh Megan , Goldinger Stephen , Kodibagkar Vikram , Dragovich Tomislov , Choti Michael , Wang Hongzhi , Kundranda Madappa , C Chang John
Published: January 2022

Objective: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the best survival when detected early with 5-year survival near 40% for small, resectable PDAC. We evaluate the undiagnosed PDAC imaging features on routine CT and their impact on resectability. Methods: 76 of the screened 134 CTs from 1/1/2012 to 12/31/2018 using our tumor registry were obtained prior to PDAC diagnosis for other indications at least one month before presentation. Each cross-sectional study was reviewed for features of early PDAC: pancreatic mass, pancreatic ductal dilatation, perivascular/peripancreatic soft-tissue infiltration, omental lesions/ascites, and lymphadenopathy. When such features were detectible by the reviewing radiologists, the original CT readings were classified as concordant/discrepant. Descriptive statistics are reported for discrepant reads, tumor resectability, and tumor size. Results: Of the 76 cases from 46 unique subjects (30 male/16 female), 25 CTs (33%) had undetected PDAC imaging features: masses (15/19 unreported), ductal dilatation (16/20 unreported), and peripancreatic/perivascular soft-tissue infiltration (20/36 unreported). 63% of early PDAC features were not identified initially. One year before clinical diagnosis, 75-80% of the PDAC cases were resectable; at < 6 months before clinical diagnosis, only 29% were resectable. Conclusion: Improving early detection of key PDAC features on routine CT examinations can potentially improve patient outcomes.
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Nipah Virus Infection and Its Prevention
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing, Mamata College of Nursing, Telangana, India, Chittaluri Vanitha
Published: January 2022

Aim: A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding nipah virus infection and its prevention among 3rd years nursing, students Khammam, Telangana. Objective: Objectives were to describe the socio demographic variables, to assess the pre- test levels of knowledge and attitude scores, to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on levels of knowledge and attitude scores, to find out the association between the post- test levels of knowledge and attitude scores of 3rd year Nursing students, with their selected socio demographic variables. Methodology: Quantitative evaluative research approach was used for this study. The study was conducted at Mamata School and college of nursing, Khammam, Telangana. The sample comprised of 50, 3rd year nursing students and sample was selected by random sampling technique. The data was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Results: The results revealed that Knowledge mean for pretest and post-test were 11.14 and 18.26 respectively. The standard deviation for pre-test and post-test were 0.41 and 2.06 respectively. The mean difference was 1.65 Hence the calculated ‘t’ value 12.53 is greater than table value 3.35. It indicates structured teaching programme was effective at p<0.05 level. Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the respondents had moderately adequate knowledge before educational intervention and majority of them increase that is adequate knowledge after educational intervention. There is a significant difference between pretest and post- test knowledge levels and attitude scores, which indicates that there is a need to conduct educational programmes to improve their knowledge regarding Nipah virus infection and its prevention.
A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Intra Uterine Growth Retardation and its Prevention Among Antenatal Mothers in Rural and Urban Areas
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing, Mamata College of Nursing, Telangana, India, Chittaluri Vanitha
Published: January 2022

Intra Uterine Growth Retardation is an important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The present study was undertaken to compare the knowledge and attitude regarding intra uterine growth retardation and its prevention among antenatal mothers in rural and urban areas Khammam, Telangana. The objectives of the study were to describe the levels of knowledge and attitude, to compare the levels of Knowledge and attitude in rural and urban areas, to find out the association between knowledge and attitude scores with their selected socio-demographic variables. A quantitative survey approach and comparative descriptive design was used for this study. The sample for current study is antenatal mothers who were residing at Raghunadhapalem rural area and Ballepalli urban area, Khammam. The sample size was 100((50 rural+50 urban) and the sample was selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data was collected by using structure interview schedule. The Findings revealed that the knowledge means of antenatal mothers in rural and urban areas were 14.10 and 16.68 respectively. Standard deviations were 3.29 and 3.3 respectively. The ‘t’ calculated value was 3.89 which is significant at 0.05. The attitude means of antenatal mothers in rural and urban areas were 36.08 and 36.02 respectively. Standard deviations were 2.15 and 2.48 respectively. The ‘t’ calculated value was 0.12 which is significant at 0.05. The study concluded that the level of knowledge is low in rural area by comparing with urban area. There is an increased need for awareness program regarding intra uterine growth retardation and its prevention in selected setting in order to promote the health of the fetus and the mother.
Préoccupations et besoins d’aide psychologiques chez les femmes à risque génétique de cancer du sein ou de l’ovaire : une étude prospective observationnelle en Allemagne, Espagne et France
Authors: Brédart A. , Kop J.-L. , De Pauw A. , Cano A. , Dick J. , Stoppa-Lyonnet D. , Dolbeault S.
Published: January 2022

Objectifs et contexte : L’arrivée des tests de panel de gènes a augmenté la complexité de la communication en consultation d’oncogénétique. Une attention quant à l’impact de cette communication sur les préoccupations et les besoins d’aide psychologique s’avère d’autant plus indispensable. Cette étude vise à en quantifier le type et l’ampleur, avant et après la communication du résultat de test génétique, chez des femmes s’adressant à la consultation d’oncogénétique pour réaliser un test de susceptibilité au cancer du sein ou de l’ovaire en Allemagne, Espagne et France.

Participants et mesures : Parmi les 752 personnes invitées consécutivement à participer à cette étude, 646 (86 %) ― dont 510 (68 %) atteintes d’un cancer du sein―ont répondu à un questionnaire (PAHC (Psychosocial Aspects of Hereditary Cancer)) portant d’une part sur les préoccupations spécifiques à la démarche en oncogénétique et d’autre part sur leurs besoins d’aide psychologique ; questionnaire proposé après la consultation initiale d’oncogénétique initiale (T1) et, pour 460 (61 %) d’entre elles, deux mois après la communication du résultat du test (T2).

Résultats : Soixante-dix-neuf (17,2 %), 19 (4,1 %), 259 (56,3 %), 44 (9,6 %), 59 (12,8 %) femmes ont reçu respectivement les résultats suivants : un variant pathogène sur BRCA1/2 ou sur autre gène à risque élevé ou modéré, un résultat négatif non informatif, un résultat négatif vrai, ou la présence d’un variant dont la signification clinique est incertaine (VUS). Le type de préoccupations et les besoins d’aide psychologique se sont révélés variables selon les pays. Cependant, globalement, les préoccupations les plus fréquentes (> 70 %) étaient relatives à la perte d’un proche familial par cancer, et les moins fréquentes (< 5 %) relatives au soutien des proches. La plupart de ces préoccupations persistent deux mois plus tard, à la suite du résultat de test génétique. En revanche, le besoin d’aide psychologique a globalement diminué sur le plan statistique, excepté, selon le pays, pour les préoccupations familiales/sociales, les difficultés émotionnelles ou les aspects pratiques.

Conclusions : Dans notre étude portant sur des femmes issues de trois pays européens s’adressant à la consultation oncogénétique en vue de réaliser un test de susceptibilité au cancer du sein ou de l’ovaire, la plupart des préoccupations liées à la situation génétique persistent deux mois après la communication du résultat de test, et les besoins d’aide psychologique se manifestent surtout dans le champ des relations et des émotions.
Correlation between HbA1C Serum Level and Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shakeri Saeed , Mohammadloo Husein Beik , Arabzadeh Laleh , Gholami Garaei Ali Reza
Published: January 2022

Introduction: To study association between the serum level HbA1C and severity of sexual dysfunction and compare sexual function in Diabetic and nondiabetic women. Methods: A total of 240 diabetic women aged 20-60 years old take part in this study which we selected 120 patients with exclusion criteria such as lack of psychosomatic disorder and compared with 120 healthy nondiabetic women. These two groups were matched by age and other parameters. The demographic and medical history data were extracted by 2 questionnaires. Physical exam was done for all subjects and finally female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire was filled for them. Check of HbA1C was made with Ion exchange, column chromatography. Results: Eighty eight persent of diabetic women and 72% of nondiabetic women had one or more problem in domains. There isnâ€™t remarkable correlation between HbA1C <12% and FSF score, but in HbA1C >12%, FSF score decrease clearly (P<0.004)Severity of FSD in under weight or normal BMI diabetic women is less than overweight or obese diabetic women (P<0/036). There is a significant negative relation between educational and emotional level with FSD (P<0/001). Type of DM and FSD hasnâ€™t any relation Conclusion: The prevalence of FSD in Iranian women is more than world researches. That is an important neglected problem with in women and physicians. [GMJ. 2012;1(1):13-19]
Comparative Study of the Bionator and Multi. P Appliances in the Treatment of Class II Malocclusion: a Cephalometric Study
Authors: Oshagh Morteza , Memarpour Mahtab , Zarif Najafi Hooman , Heidary Somayeh
Published: January 2022

Background: Functional appliances such as Bionator have been used to treat Class II malocclusion. The purpose of this study was to compare the skeletal, dental and soft tissue effects of Bionator appliances with Multi-P (a newly developed appliance) in the treatment of Class II malocclusion.

Subjects and methods: 45 class II children were chosen and randomly assigned to either the Bionator or Multi-P treatment group. After excluding 13 patients from the study, 21 patients in Bionator and 11 patients in Multi-P group have participated in the study. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed at the beginning (To) and at the end of treatment (T1) to evaluate the changes in both groups. The paired t.test and Levenâ€™s test were enrolled for statistical analysis.

Results: Reduction of ANB angle was detected in both treatment groups. The Bionator group underwent insignificant greater mandibular advancement as measured by the SNB angle. (p= 0.737) The mandibular plane angle increased insignificantly in both groups. (p> 0.05) The inclination of upper incisors decreased significantly in Multi-P group. (p= 0.042)

Conclusion: Both appliances are effective therapeutic means for class II treatment associated with mandibular deficiency and may lead to normalization of the dentoskeletal parameters at the end of the treatment.
Neurological Manifestations of Celiac Disease
Authors: Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil , Bagheri Fereshte , Pishva Ehsan , Malekzadeh Reza , Karimi Ali Asghar , Borhani Haghighi Afshin
Published: January 2022

Celiac disease (CD) is a rare malabsorption syndrome mainly occurring in childhood which is now recognized as the most common food intolerance disease in the world. CD is associated with a wide spectrum of extra intestinal manifestations. Neurological involvements of CD were first attributed to malabsorption due to changes in the mucosal architecture of the small intestine. Neurological manifestations were more frequent in middle-aged adults, but were rare in children. The most common central nervous system manifestations include cerebellar malfunctions, seizures, dementia, multiple sclerosis like presentations, motor neuron diseases, headaches, movement disorders, and neuro-psychiatric presentations. On the other hand, the peripheral nervous system involvement includes different types of peripheral neuropathies and muscular involvements. In this study, we embarked on a short review to go through the neurological presentations and problems of CD.
Frequency of Major Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with HIV in Health Care Centers of Rafsanjan and Kerman in 2012
Authors: Bidaki Reza , Bagheripoor Hossein , Khaje Karimaddini. Zahiraaddin , Purrashidi Boshrabadi. Ahmad , Sayyadi Anar Ahmad Reza , Hosseinpoor Sara , Salehi Shahrbabaki Mohammad Hossein , Shafee Mahdy , Sabouri Ghanad Masoud , Ryahi Ali
Published: January 2022

Background: Psychiatric disorders are common in HIV-infected patients and for sure have direct impact on both prevention and management of diseases in these patients. In this research, the prevalence of major psychiatric disorders including mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders in HIV-infected patients of Rafsanjan and Kerman health care centers were determined.

Materials and Methods: Eighty three HIV-infected patients were interviewed by a psychiatrist in above-mentioned health centers and their information was registered through a standard CIDI questionnaire (version 2.1) and was statistically analyzed.

Results: In this study, Out of 83 participants, 71 cases (85.5%) were males and 12 (14.5%) were females. Their age range was from 21 to 62 years old. Sixty-nine cases (83.1%) were diagnosed with at least one major psychiatric disorder and 14 cases (16.9%) with none. Among the HIV-infected patients, 54 cases (65.1%) suffered from a mood disorder, 21 (25.3%) had psychotic and 41 (49.4%) had anxiety disorders.

Conclusion: The current study showed that major psychiatric disorders were more common in HIV-infected patients in comparison to normal communities, so on-time diagnosis and therapy and proper management of these problems could be truly a promising step in global control of HIV in this part of Iran.
Correlation of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of Children Younger than 12 Years Old with History of Preterm Birth
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein , Qasemzadeh Mohammad Javad , Pirnia Seyed Ali , Mohebi Siamak , Ebrahimi Seyede Matin , Ebrahimi Hannan , Jangholi Ehsan , Gharehbeglou Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Intelligence is the ability of using the different powers and effective behaviors or adapting to new situations or diagnosing conditions and qualities of the environment. It seems that a considerable damage to the brain as a result of premature birth in the last weeks of pregnancy in the maturational - structuring process of the brain can be correlated with Intelligent Quotient (IQ). Due to the high incidence of preterm birth and its associated disorders and its impact on the society and according to a few studies in this field, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the association between IQ and preterm birth.

Materials and Methods: This cohort study was performed on 303 children of school age. All subjects randomly allocated to cohort groups (n=147) or controls (n=156) with or without any history of preterm birth, respectively. In this study, in addition to demographic characteristics such as age, sex, gestational age at the delivery and parentsâ€™ educational levels, the standard Raven test was used by trained interviewers to measure the IQ in children. Then data were analyzed by Statistical software SPSS version 16.0 by central statistical indicators of independent T tests and Chi-square test. Significant difference was set at P<0.05.

Results: The mean IQ of the children in the study, obtained the score of 99.75Â±9.26 regarding which the independent T-test results showed no significant difference between two groups. In this study, no significant relationship was found between age and gestational age and IQ (P=0.499 and P=0.255, respectively). But this study showed a significant positive correlation between IQ and weight and head circumference at birth (r=0.179, P=0.002 and r=0.299, P=<0.001, respectively).

Conclusion: Unlike results of a few previous studies on this issue, no significant differences were found between the two groups. It is recommended that future studies to be done on broader populations, and behavioral and psychological dimensions should be considered.
The Predictive Value of Endometrial Thickness in Endometrial Pathologies in Premenopausal Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Darabi Roksana , Mohit Mitra , Mohammadkhani Hengameh , Mohammadyari Fathemeh , Yadollah-Damavandi Soheila
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common complains in women of any age seeking gynecologic health care and needs early diagnosis and proper management due to its impacts on the quality of life. This study was conducted to investigate the cut-off value of endometrial thickness (ET) by trans-vaginal ultra-sonography (TVUS) and evaluate its accuracy in the diagnosis of the endometrial abnormalities in premenopausal women with AUB.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive Â study, 64 married women between 35-50 years old were evaluated due to AUB during 2011-2012; TVUS and fractional curettage were done. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of the ET were calculated in different cut-off values.

Results: The pathological evaluations of the biopsies were normal in 37 (57.8%) patients and were abnormal in 27 (42.2%) patients, 19 endometrial polyps, 6 hyperplastic lesions and 2 endometrial cancers. ET=4 mm had 100% sensitivity, 100% NPV, 10% specificity and 28% PPV in the detection of endometrial abnormalities. ET<10 mm had a proper sensitivity (67%-100%) and NPV (78.6%-100%) but specificity was low (%10-%44). ET=10 mm with sensitivity=63%, specificity=60%, NPV=65.8% and PPV=48.2% was introduced as the cut-off point with the best area under curve (LR+=2.22 LR- =0.77).

Conclusion: Although an ET<10 mm was less likely to be associated with an endometrial abnormality, the low PPV of ET and low area under ROC curve shows sonography has high false positivity in premenopausal women. ETâ‰¤4 mm was more reliable and could reduce unnecessary biopsies.
Hakim Imad al-Din Mahmud ibn-Mas'ud Shirazi (1515-1592), a Physician and Social Pathologist of Safavid Era
Authors: Dalfardi Behnam , Golshani Seyyed Alireza , Motahari Ezzat Sadat , Hesampour Mehdi Dehghan , Ansari Mahsa , Yarmohammadi Hassan
Published: January 2022

The Safavid era (1501â€“1736 AD) was the threshold of spreading security and welfare in the Iranian society. The era provided the chance for the talented to set steps for advancement. One of the characters in the history of Persian medicine who achieved successes in the shadow of the existing peace and security during the Safavid Empire was Hakim Imad al-Din Mahmud Shirazi. While he was ministered in the court of Shah Tahmasb Safavi (King Tahmasb), he enjoyed the patronage of Dar al-Shifa Razavi (Razavi health care service) in Mashhad. He managed to leave a legacy of valuable essay and complications resulting from the abundant experiences he gained through the journey to India. The present paper is a study about Hakim Imad al-Din's life and his essays.
Deep Vein Thrombosis, Demographic Characteristics and Risk Factors in Iran
Authors: Jafarian Kerman Scott Reza , Hajsadeghi Shokoufeh , Joodat Rashin , Hejratie Maral , Vaferi Helen , Farsi Negin , Masoumi Khatereh , Joorgholami Mehrdad
Published: January 2022

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can be an ethnicity related disease and an important health issue for health-care systems. Thus, domestic recognition of risk factors and disease characteristics seem to be inevitable. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology, basic characteristics, and risk factors in patients with DVT.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all patients with primary or final diagnosis of DVT, confirmed by Doppler ultrasound in a 5-year period were included. Demographic data and prognosis were extracted from medical files. To evaluate the outcome of the patients after discharge, a phone-call follow-up was performed for all available patients.

Results: Three-hundred seventy-one DVT patients were included with 232/139 male to female ratio. The mean age was 55.72Â±20.01 years with significant difference between genders (p=0.006). Mean weight was 88.97Â±10.2 kg with no significant difference between genders (p=0.74). The most common affected veins were common femoral vein (257 cases, 69.2%), followed by Popliteal, iliac, axillary, and subclavian veins. No season preference was seen in DVT occurrence. One-year survival of the patients after discharge was 92.6% and two-year survival was 87.7%.

Conclusion: By knowing local information about this disease, health-care providers can give accurate warnings and suggestions to prevent the probable thrombosis chances. As Iran lacked information about DVT characteristics, this study can be an epidemiologic guide for health-care systems and an opening path for future studies.
Evaluation of the Defects of Removable Partial Denturesâ€™ (RPD) Frameworks Made in Prosthodontics Department Of Qazvin Dentistry School Regarding Retention, Stability, and Support
Authors: Haddad Mohammad Amin , Moosavi Sajad Mohammad Ebrahim , Aalai Shima
Published: January 2022

Background:Â The metalÂ frameworkÂ of a removable partial denture includes various parts and metal components that supply strength, retention, stability,Â and support of partial denture.Â The purpose of this study is assessing the quality of the frameworks made inÂ theÂ department of prosthodontics, Qazvin school ofÂ dentistry, regardingÂ their causes of malfunction,Â retention, stability,Â and support.

MaterialsÂ and Methods:Â Evaluation formsÂ of removable partial denture metal frameworksÂ for upper and lower jaws were separately designed. According to the forms, 39 frameworks were fitted and assessedÂ on encoded casts and after that in oral cavity.

Results:Â 11 males and 28 females (44Â±4.8 yearsÂ old) were recruited in the study; 17 frameworks belonged toÂ maxillaÂ andÂ 22 to mandible. In maxillary frameworks, 10 cases (58.8%) hadÂ goodretention, 6 (35.3%) had lowÂ and 1 (5.9%)Â had high retention. Moreover,Â 15 cases (88.2%) and 11Â cases (71.64%) showed good supportÂ andÂ stability, respectively, in all 3Â hypothetical axes.Â Inmandibular frameworks,Â retentions in 14 cases (63.3%) wereÂ good, in 7 (8.31%) wereÂ low andÂ in1 (4.6%)Â was high.Â Furthermore,Â 16 cases (72.7%) and 12 cases (54.5%) showed good supportandÂ stability,Â respectively, in all hypothetical axes.

Conclusion:Â TheÂ retention, stability and support ofÂ metal frameworks were approximatelyacceptable and appropriate.Â Most of the malfunctions and structural problems seem to be due to lack of experience and expertise. However, further studiesÂ and more training coursesÂ are needed toÂ enhance the quality of these frameworks.
The Retention and Fracture Resistance of Two All-ceramic Post and Core Systems in Anterior Endodontically Treated Teeth
Authors: Shafiee Zeinab , Rahmani Naeeme , Safari Anahita , Khaledi Amir Alireza
Published: January 2022

Background: In anterior endodontically treated teeth a better esthetic can be achieved by using all-ceramic post -core restorations instead of metal post systems. Maximum retention and fracture resistance of the post are the criteria upon which selection of a post system is based. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and retention of two all-ceramic post and core systems including IPS Empress 2 post-core system and IPS Empress 2 core connected to Zirconium Cosmopost, and comparing these features among the two groups

Material and methods:Â  Eighty extracted maxillary central incisors and canines were divided into two groups of 40 including IPS Empress 2 and zirconium Cosmopost. To evaluate retention, shear force was applied to the cement at the crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min; force was applied until the post was detached from the canal.Â  To measure the fracture resistance, the samples were loaded at 45-degrees to the horizon at the crosshead speed of 5 mm/min until fracture occurred.

Result: The mean fracture strength and standard deviation of zirconium Cosmopost and IPS Empress 2 were 302.10 N (69.922), 151.63 N (48.661), respectively. The difference between groups was significant statistically (P<0.001). The zirconium Cosmoposts had lower retention than IPS Empress2 dowel-core, but the difference between groups was insignificant (p =0.134).

Â  Conclusion:Â  Within the limitations of the study, it could be concluded that zirconium Cosmopost system may be a candidate for the restoration of anterior endodontically treated teeth, as the high fracture toughness and propitious esthetic feature.
White Coat Ceremony: a Medical Studentâ€™s Journey from Basic Sciences to Clinical Medicine
Authors: Ebrahimi Sedigheh
Published: January 2022

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Evaluation of Morphological Changes in Breast Cancer: Influence of Fractal Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mirmalek SeyedAbbas , Yarandi Niloofar sadat , Tafazoli Shadpour Mohammad , Saatian Minoo , Raeesi Homa , Jafargholi Rangraz Esmaieel , Salehi Masoud , Salimi Tabatabaee Seyed Alireza
Published: January 2022

Many studies suggested that fractals could be brought in any structural anarchy, such as cancers, for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation by quantifying it and expressing it in terms of fractal geometry. In this study, we aimed to evaluate pathologic grades or breast carcinomas by fractal analysis. This cross-sectional study was performed on 60 women with breast ductal carcinoma. From all the patients some photographs from the smears with pathological standard and with a digital camera were taken to analyze them by MATLAB software via Box-Counting method. The used analytical methods were ANOVA and T tests. There was a significant association between fractal count and the pathological grade (P<0.05). According to the findings of this study, fractal count was a prognostic indicator in breast cancer patients. However, we recommended performing further studies with higher sample size and in other types of cancers.
Root Parallelism of Canine and Second Premolar in Preadjusted and Standard Edgewise Systems: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sardarian Ahmadreza , Oshagh Morteza , Momeni Danaei Shahla , Khaksar Yasamin , Alipour Abbas , Roeinpeykar Mehdi
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims: One of the main goals of standard orthodontic treatment is having the roots of teeth adjacent to extraction sites parallel to each other. The purpose of this study was to compare standard edgewise and preadjusted straight wire (MBT) methods in achieving this goal.

Materials and Methods: For comparing root parallelism, 228 maxillary quadrants and 225 mandibular quadrants of 127 patients in whom 1st premolar had been extracted during orthodontic treatment plan were evaluated. On pre and post-treatment panoramic views long axis of canines and 2nd premolars of each quadrant were traced and the angulations between them were measured to assess root parallelism. For comparing mean value of angulations measured in post-treatmentviews between MBT and SEW method, independent T-test and for comparing root parallelism of canines and 2nd premolars Chi-square test was used.

Results: Evaluating root movement and root parallelism of maxillary and mandibular canines and 2nd premolars did not show any statistically significant difference between treatment groups. (P> 0.05)

Conclusion: There is no difference between 2 methods of MBT and standard edgewise in achieving favorable root parallelism of teeth adjacent to extraction site. If each of these methods is used properly good root parallelism can be achieved in most of the cases.
Introduction of HER-2 and a Short Review on Its Role in Prognosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Mirmalek Seyed Abbas , Elhamkani Fatemeh , Salimi Tabatabaee Seyed Alireza , Mahmoodzadeh Hossein , Parsa Yekta , Yadollah-Damavandi Soheila , Jangholi Ehsan
Published: January 2022

Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2 (HER-2) as a new prognostic and predictive factor has been believed as an essential measurement in breast carcinoma. About 280 articles were reviewed and 115 were referred in this review article on HER-2. HER-2 is an oncoprotein epidermal growth factor receptor produced by a so-called cell surface oncogene. Overexpression results in aggressive behavior, early metastasis to lymph nodes and distant areas, and poor prognosis in breast cancer. HER-2 seems to be a prognostic and predictive factor and must be considered in all breast cancer cases.
Frequency of Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures
Authors: Ashjazadeh Nahid , Kashani Kaveh , Sahraian Ali , Asadi-Pooya Ali Akbar
Published: January 2022

Background: Diagnosis of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) particularly in patients with epilepsy poses a challenge to physicians to care. This study is aimed at determining the frequency of depression and anxiety among Iranian patients with PNES. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with PNES and one hundred age-and-sex matching healthy controls were enrolled in this study from January 2010 to January 2011. Patients had at least one psychogenic non-epileptic seizure recorded during video-EEG monitoring in an epilepsy care unit of Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Demographic data were collected and Iranian validated versions of Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory-2 questionnaires were used. Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney U-test, Pearsonâ€™s chi-square test and independent T test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of 60 PNES patients, 37 (61.7%) were female and 23 (38.3%) were male (P=0.767) and mean of the patientsâ€™ age was 24.9 Â± 6.6 years (P=0.674). Among controls, 64 (64%) persons were female and 36 (36%) were male; mean age was 24.4 Â± 2.1 years. Forty two patients (70%) and 36 controls (36%) had moderate to severe depression (P=0.001). Thirty eight patients (63.4%) and 10 controls (10%) had medium to high levels of anxiety (P=0.001). Conclusion: Frequency of depression and anxiety among patients with PNES is much higher than general population. Prompt diagnosis of these two common coexisting psychiatric disorders may help physicians for better evaluation and appropriate management of PNES patients. [GMJ. 2014;3(4):202-6]
Illicit Drug Abuse in Drivers of Motor Vehicle Collisions
Authors: Roosta Sareh , Kalantari Meibodi Mohammad , Esfandyari Samira , Siyabi Vahid
Published: January 2022

Background: Motor vehicle Traffic injuries are indeed one of the most important worldwide health problems. Opioids can induce a depressant effect on the central nervous system which may increase the risk of traffic accidents. This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted in Marvdasht, Iran to investigate the presence of drugs in hospitalized non-fatally injured drivers of motor vehicles.

Materials and Methods: The cases were 500 drivers of motor vehicle, injured in the road traffic accident and referred to the emergency ward. The controls were 500 patients hospitalized in the same emergency department due to non-traumatic reasons. They were asked about the abuse of any substance during the 72 hours before their referral to the hospital. Urinary samples of patients with negative history of drug consumption were analyzed.

Results: From the drivers, 237 (47.4%) of the case group and 278 (55.6%) of the control group had positive-substance consumption. Opium was the common drug abused in the two groups. An eight fold increased risk of road accident was observed for drivers who had used tramadol (OR= 8.2, 95% CI 4.9-13.7, p<0.001). Two or more illicit drugs (poly drug abuse) were detected in 24% of the cases and 31.8% of the controls (50.6% and 57.2% of drug abusers, respectively). Just for tramadol, the prevalence was higher in cases than controls. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the high proportion of illicit drug abuse among Iranian drivers. More health education and policies are necessary to steadily decrease drug abuse in our society.
Critical Illness â€“ Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency
Authors: Moravej Hossein , Karamifar Hamdollah , Karamizadeh Zohreh , Amirhakimi Gholamhossein
Published: January 2022

In some acute critical illnesses, the function of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis can be impaired. This event is called "Critical Illness-Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency" (CIRCI). We conducted a study to determine which of the CIRCI patients need steroid therapy. This study was performed on patients who were admitted in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in Nemazee Hospital, affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

In first 24 hour of PICU admission, Serum cortisol levels were measured immediately before, 30 and 60 minutes after IV administration of 250 Î¼g of synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone (SynacthenÂ®).Their clinical conditions and paraclinical data were followed and recorded. Twenty four patients were enrolled in the study. Twelve patients (50%) had CIRCI. CIRCI was defined as Random Serum Cortisol (RSC)<10 Î¼g/dl or elevation of serum cortisol level after Synacthen administration below 9 Âµg/dl.The results of serum cortisol level usually were ready one day after blood sampling. Based on general condition, blood pressure and serum electrolyte levels, all CIRCI patients were improved when serum cortisol levels were determined. Therefore, steroid therapy was not started for them. Finally, all of the CIRCI patients improved and after a few days, all of them were discharged from the hospital with good conditions. Findings of our study showed that corticosteroid therapy is not needed as a routine treatment for CIRCI patients. This is in agreement with some other studies. but in contrast to some articles who recommended corticosteroid therapy for patients with CIRCI. There is lack of consensus about optimal approach to CIRCI in children, therefor; well-designed RCTs and systematic reviews are needed to determine proper treatment recommendations for these critically ill children before administration.
The Effect of Atorvastatin on Acute Pancreatitis in Rat: Biochemical and Pathological study
Authors: Yadollah-Damavandi Soheila , Ghorbani Maedeh , Chavoshi-Nejad Mehdi , Parsa Tina , Ershadi Sara , Saadat Eskandari Abolfazl , Berimipour Ahmad , Baghery Bidhendy Mohammad
Published: January 2022

AcuteÂ  pancreatitis (AP) is a common clinicalÂ  diseaseÂ  caused mainly by gallstone impactingÂ  the distal common bile-pancreatic duct and alcohol abuse, but other potential causes asÂ  EndoscopicÂ  retrograde cholangiopancreatographyÂ  (ERCP),Â  intra duct papillary mucinous tumor and hypercalcemia are claimed .Â  The incidence of AP has been increasing in recent years . Accordingly, AP is a multifactorial disease associated with tissue edema, acinar necrosis, hemorrhage and the release of digestive enzymes to the pancreatic interstitium and to the systemic circulation with increased cytokine production and release, which can ultimately lead to deleterious local and systemic effects . Previous evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of both AP and chronic pancreatitis can be associated with oxidative stress, regardless of the etiology of pancreatitis and is considered as a major pathogenic factor in AP .Â  In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the important mediators in the initiation and development of the disease which destroy the cellular membrane, releasing the digestive enzymes and cellular proteins into the pancreatic interstitium .
The Comparison of Two Method Effectiveness on Postmenopausal Hot Flash Therapy: Acupuncture versus Hormone Therapy
Authors: Mohammadyari Fatemeh , Seyedmehdi Sayed Ahmad , Mousavi Fatemeh , Tabatabaei Roozbeh
Published: January 2022

Background: Postmenopausal hot flash is a common disease amongst women with high prevalence of 75%. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is a well-known relief of symptoms which has disadvantages such as side effects and contraindication for certain types of hormone related diseases and breast or Estrogen related cancers. One of the alternatives is acupuncture which is an East Asian and more specifically Chinese method. In this study hormone therapy and acupuncture effectiveness have been compared in postmenopausal hot flash treatment. Materials and Methods: This study is aimed to initially diagnose vasomotor symptoms such as elevated body temperature, palpitation, headache and perspiration. Afterwards, assessment and finally comparing the efficacy of two methods for each symptom treatment have been carried out. In this clinical trial study, 20 climacteric female samples participated. Two study and control groups have been formed and each method efficacy has been evaluated on each of four major vasomotor symptoms. Results: For all postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms, acupuncture and HRT had similar notably high relief of symptoms effectively; namely in hot flash 90% and 85%, in palpitation 65% and 70%, in perspiration 77.77% and 81.25%, and in headache 50% and 81.3%, respectively. Although in all fields except hot flashes, HRT had slightly better success. Conclusion: This survey pointed out that acupuncture is as effective as hormone therapy in relief of symptoms hot flash for postmenopausal women. Further researches are needed to assess the clear side effects of acupuncture method. [GMJ.2015;4(2):83-89]