bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuidados em saúde entre portadores de diabetes mellitus autorreferido no Brasil, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013
Authors: Malta Deborah Carvalho , Iser Betine Pinto Moehlecke , Chueiri Patricia Sampaio , Stopa Sheila Rizzato , Szwarcwald Celia Landmann , Schmidt Maria Inês , Duncan Bruce Bartholow
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Objetivo: Descrever medidas do cuidado assistencial destinadas ao paciente com diabetes mellitus autorreferido no Brasil. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde(2013), estudo transversal de base populacional, referentes ao cuidado em saúde com o diabetes mellitus autorreferido, quanto ao uso de serviços de saúde e acesso a medicamentos. Resultados: A prevalência de diabetes mellitus autorreferido foi de 6,2%, e 11,5% da população nunca fez uma glicemia na vida. Dos adultos que referiram diabetes mellitus , 80,2% tomaram medicamentos nas duas semanas anteriores à entrevista, 57,4% usaram o Programa Farmácia Popular, 73,2% receberam assistência médica e 47,1% realizaram o atendimento nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Em 65,2%, o médico que atendeu na última consulta era o mesmo das consultas anteriores, 95,3% dos pacientes conseguiram realizar os exames complementares solicitados e 83,3% conseguiram fazer as consultas com o médico especialista. A avaliação de pés e olhos foi relatada por 35,6 e 29,1% dos portadores de diabetes mellitus , respectivamente. Relataram internação hospitalar por causa do diabetes ou de alguma complicação 13,4% dos adultos, e outros 7,0% relataram limitações nas atividades diárias. Em geral, mulheres, assim como a população mais idosa, de maior escolaridade, brancos e residentes nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, tiveram maior prevalência da doença e maior acesso aos serviços, medicamentos e consultas. Discussão: Os cuidados aos portadores de diabetes foram recebidos de forma adequada, na maioria dos casos, o que é essencial para manter a qualidade de vida dos pacientes e prevenir desfechos mais graves.
Frequência do uso de narguilé em adultos e sua distribuição conforme características sociodemográficas, moradia urbana ou rural e unidades federativas: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), 2013
Authors: Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Wehrmeister Fernando César , Horta Bernardo Lessa , Szwarcwald Celia Landmann , Vieira Maria Lucia , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência do uso de narguilé na população adulta brasileira de 18 a 59 anos. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional utilizando a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), de 2013. Amostragem compreendeu três estágios: setor censitário, domicílio e indivíduo. A frequência e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) do desfecho "frequência do uso de narguilé", dentre aqueles que relataram uso de tabaco, foi descrita conforme variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, zona urbana ou rural do país e macrorregiões; ainda foi investigada a frequência do uso do narguilé conforme idade e escolaridade; todas as análises foram ponderadas. Resultados: Dos 60.225 adultos entrevistados, 15% relataram uso de qualquer produto do tabaco, sendo a frequência do uso de narguilé dentre esses de 1,2% (IC95% 0,8 - 1,6), maior no sexo masculino, nos de cor branca, faixa etária mais jovem, com escolaridade média à alta e moradores da área urbana e da região sul e centro-oeste; entre aqueles que experimentaram narguilé, 50% o utilizaram esporadicamente, 12,8% mensalmente, 27,3% semanalmente e 6,8% diariamente. Conclusões: A relevância dos achados deve-se ao fato de que este é o primeiro estudo de representatividade nacional que avaliou a frequência do uso do narguilé em adultos no país; os resultados apontam para a necessidade de implementar sua fiscalização, assim como vem ocorrendo em relação ao tabaco.
Recomendações e práticas dos comportamentos saudáveis entre indivíduos com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial e diabetes no Brasil: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), 2013
Authors: Szwarcwald Celia Landmann , Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges de , Damacena Giseli Nogueira , Almeida Wanessa da Silva de , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Stopa Sheila Rizzato , Vieira Maria Lúcia França Pontes , Pereira Cimar Azeredo
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar as recomendações relacionadas aos comportamentos saudáveis e a adoção das práticas recomendadas entre indivíduos hipertensos e diabéticos. Métodos: Foram analisadas recomendações relacionadas aos comportamentos saudáveis segundo local do último atendimento (atenção básica; outros estabelecimentos públicos; estabelecimentos do setor privado). Os efeitos de ter um diagnóstico de hipertensão ou diabetes sobre a adoção das práticas recomendadas foram analisados por modelos de regressão logística multivariada, usando sexo, idade, e grau de escolaridade como variáveis de controle, e os seguintes desfechos: uso atual de produtos de tabaco; prática regular de atividade física no lazer; consumo recomendado de hortaliças e frutas; percepção de baixo consumo de sal; consumo frequente de doces; consumo excessivo de álcool. Resultados: Aproximadamente, 88% dos hipertensos receberam recomendações de ter uma alimentação saudável, 91% de ingerir menos sal, 83% de praticar atividade física regular, e 76% de não fumar. Entre os diabéticos, todas as recomendações relacionadas à alimentação foram muito frequentes, 95% para o hábito de ter uma alimentação com frutas e hortaliças. O efeito de ter um diagnóstico de hipertensão foi significativo para o não uso de produtos de tabaco e percepção de baixo consumo de sal. O diagnóstico de diabetes influenciou principalmente o hábito de não consumir doces frequentemente. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que os hipertensos e diabéticos dão prioridade a não usar hábitos nocivos à saúde do que adotar práticas que lhe trarão benefícios. É preciso promover não só os efeitos adversos dos hábitos nocivos, mas também os benefícios dos comportamentos saudáveis para o envelhecimento com qualidade.
Prevalência de diagnóstico médico de asma em adultos brasileiros: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013
Authors: Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Wehrmeister Fernando César , Horta Bernardo , Szwarcwald Celia Landmann , Vieira Maria Lucia , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: March 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de diagnóstico médico de asma na população adulta brasileira (≥ 18 anos). Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), de 2013; processo amostral por conglomerado com três estágios de seleção: setor censitário, domicílio e indivíduo. Calculou-se a prevalência e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) do desfecho "diagnóstico médico de asma" relatado pelo entrevistado e sua distribuição conforme variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, macrorregiões e zona urbana ou rural do país. Ainda foi investigado o manejo da asma naqueles que responderam afirmativamente sobre o diagnóstico médico; as análises foram ponderadas. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 60.202 adultos. A prevalência do diagnóstico médico de asma foi de 4,4% (IC95% 4,1 - 4,7), maior no sexo feminino, nos de cor branca, com maior escolaridade e moradores na região Sul; entre aqueles com diagnóstico médico, observou-se percentual elevado (38,2%) de crises de asma nos últimos 12 meses, com cerca de 80% usando medicação e 15% com limitação severa às atividades diárias. Conclusões: Apesar da estabilidade da prevalência da asma comparada a estudos anteriores no país, ainda são necessárias políticas para melhor manejo da doença.
Estudo de validação das equações de Tanaka e de Kawasaki para estimar a excreção diária de sódio através da coleta da urina casual
Authors: Mill José Geraldo , Rodrigues Sérgio Lamêgo , Baldo Marcelo Perim , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Szwarcwald Celia Landmann
Published: March 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: Validar as fórmulas de Tanaka e Kawasaki para cálculo do consumo de sal pela relação sódio/creatinina na urina casual. Métodos: Foram estudados 272 adultos (20 - 69 anos, 52,6% de mulheres) com coleta urinária de 24 h e duas coletas casuais no mesmo dia (em jejum - casual 1 - e fora do jejum - casual 2). Antropometria, pressão arterial e coleta de sangue foram obtidos no mesmo dia. A concordância entre o consumo de sal estimado pela urina de 24 h e pela urina casual foi feita por Pearson (r) e Bland & Altman. Resultados: O consumo médio de sal medido pela urina de 24 h foi de 10,4 ± 5,3 g/dia. A correlação entre a excreção de sódio na urina de 24 h e a estimada pela urina casual 1 ou 2, respectivamente, foi apenas moderada, tanto por Tanaka (r = 0,51 e r = 0,55; p < 0,001) como por Kawasaki (r = 0,52 e r = 0,54; p < 0,001). Observa-se subestimação crescente dos valores estimados em relação ao medido com o aumento do consumo de sal pela fórmula de Tanaka e, ao contrário, superestimação ao usar a fórmula de Kawasaki. As fórmulas estimam adequadamente o consumo diário de sal (diferença entre sal medido e estimado de, no máximo, 1 g/dia) somente com consumo entre 9 - 12 g/dia (Tanaka) e 12 - 18 g/dia (Kawasaki). Conclusão: A coleta de urina casual estima adequadamente o consumo de sal apenas nos indivíduos próximos à média populacional.
3D virtual planning in orthognathic surgery and CAD/CAM surgical splints generation in one patient with craniofacial microsomia: a case report
Authors: Vale Francisco , Scherzberg Jessica , Cavaleiro João , Sanz David , Caramelo Francisco , Maló Luísa , Marcelino João Pedro
Published: March 2016

Objective: In this case report, the feasibility and precision of tridimensional (3D) virtual planning in one patient with craniofacial microsomia is tested using Nemoceph 3D-OS software (Software Nemotec SL, Madrid, Spain) to predict postoperative outcomes on hard tissue and produce CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) surgical splints. Methods: The clinical protocol consists of 3D data acquisition of the craniofacial complex by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and surface scanning of the plaster dental casts. The ''virtual patient'' created underwent virtual surgery and a simulation of postoperative results on hard tissues. Surgical splints were manufactured using CAD/CAM technology in order to transfer the virtual surgical plan to the operating room. Intraoperatively, both CAD/CAM and conventional surgical splints are comparable. A second set of 3D images was obtained after surgery to acquire linear measurements and compare them with measurements obtained when predicting postoperative results virtually. Results: It was found a high similarity between both types of surgical splints with equal fitting on the dental arches. The linear measurements presented some discrepancies between the actual surgical outcomes and the predicted results from the 3D virtual simulation, but caution must be taken in the analysis of these results due to several variables. Conclusions: The reported case confirms the clinical feasibility of the described computer-assisted orthognathic surgical protocol. Further progress in the development of technologies for 3D image acquisition and improvements on software programs to simulate postoperative changes on soft tissue are required.
Class II, Division 1 Angle malocclusion with severe proclination of maxillary incisors
Authors: Montanha Kátia
Published: March 2016

Protrusion of maxillary incisors is a common complaint among patients seeking orthodontic treatment. This report addresses the correction of Class II Angle malocclusion with excessively bucally proclined maxillary incisors, in an adolescent female patient, through the use of extraoral and fixed appliances. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as part of the requirements for obtaining the title of certified by the BBO.
Resolviendo conflictos regulatorios mediante la incorporación de estándares privados: retos y oportunidades
Authors: Castellanos Guillermo Rodrigo Corredor
Published: March 2016

Resumen El cumplimiento de estándares internacionales establecidos en los Acuerdos Medioambientales Multilaterales (AMMAs) se ha convertido en parte de las estrategias de imagen de las Empresas Multinacionales (EMNs). A través de la difusión publicitaria del cumplimiento de tales estándares, estas empresas transmiten al consumidor un aparente compromiso con la transparencia y la sostenibilidad en sus prácticas a lo largo de su cadena de valor. ¿En qué medida estas estrategias de las EMNs pueden socavar la capacidad del Estado para regular, de manera independiente, actividades relacionadas con la protección del medio ambiente o el respeto a los derechos fundamentales? Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar la influencia que las EMNs pueden tener en la capacidad regulatoria del Estado. Para tal efecto, se toma como punto de partida, la crisis actual de dos conceptos fundamentales en el Derecho Internacional Público: la soberanía y el principio de libre determinación, los cuales son analizados en el contexto de la dificultad para definir un estándar regulatorio en materia de consulta previa para la obtención del consentimiento fundamentado previo para el acceso a los recursos naturales. De esta manera, el artículo presenta una discusión sobre posibles vías para validar la aplicación de estándares privados o códigos de conducta voluntarios como una forma de resolver los impasses regulatorios que enfrentan los países en desarrollo al tiempo que los propone como medio para evitar controversias en materia de inversión que puedan surgir como consecuencia del mencionado déficit regulatorio. Las conclusiones abogan por un enfoque más cosmopolita de la gobernanza global, como único medio de lograr el cumplimiento de los objetivos y principios perseguidos en los AMMAs.
Revisão bibliográfica sobre acidentes com crianças
Authors: Souza Luiza Jane Eyre Xavier de , Barroso Maria Grasiela Teixeira
Published: March 2016

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo consistiu em apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica dos acidentes com crianças. Utilizaram-se as pesquisas documental e bibliográfica como metodologia. Os dados evidenciam que o acidente com criança é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública na Inglaterra. Nos Estados Unidos aconteceram, em 1989, cerca de 2.700 mortes como resultado de acidentes em crianças abaixo de 11 anos. No Brasil, também registram-se elevados índices de atendimentos envolvendo os acidentes domésticos e, em Fortaleza, no Ceará, esses casos também são identificados. Conclui-se que os acidentes com crianças são alarmantes e merecem atenção específica com uma abordagem preventiva.
Contaminação química: respostas das instituições responsáveis e ações das populações atingidas no Brasil e em Portugal
Authors: Fernandes Lúcia de Oliveira , Nunes João Arriscado , Porto Marcelo Firpo de Souza
Published: March 2016

Resumo A contaminação química gera poluição ambiental e problemas de saúde, entre outros impactos diretos e indiretos. O artigo aborda dois contextos parti culares de contaminação em dois países: Brasil e Portugal. Cidade dos Meninos, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, área rural onde houve atividade industrial no passado, sendo atualmente uma área contami nada. Estarreja, uma cidade no centro de Portugal, onde se localiza um polo químico em atividade que apresenta contaminação passada no meio ambiente por diversas substâncias tóxicas e impactos pre sentes de sua atividade. Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre áreas contaminadas e as respostas (e ausência de respostas) das instituições responsá veis pelo controle e/ou minimização dos efeitos da contaminação ambiental e humana nos níveis local, regional e nacional, e de quem vive os problemas no seu lugar de habitação e/ou trabalho. A análise assentou numa abordagem integrada relacionando os processos que costumam ser atribuídos aos domí nios do "meio ambiente", da "saúde", do "social", do "económico", do "político" e da "justiça", mantendo atenção às especificidades de cada caso e contexto.
Narrativas indígenas sobre suicídio no Alto Rio Negro, Brasil: tecendo sentidos
Authors: Souza Maximiliano Loiola Ponte de
Published: March 2016

Resumo Taxas de mortalidade por suicídio mais elevadas são recorrentemente encontradas em indígenas quando comparadas a populações circunvizinhas, inclusive em São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, município brasileiro com maior percentual de autodeclarados indígenas. Entender como o suicídio é representado em contextos indígenas específicos é uma dimensão qualitativa, pouco explorada e relevante. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar sete narrativas sobre sui cídio de um kumu (curandeiro tradicional) da mais populosa comunidade indígena de São Gabriel da Cachoeira. No processo analítico-interpretativo realizou-se uma dupla hermenêutica, ou seja, inter pretar a interpretação do narrador, buscando apoio na literatura etnográfica clássica e contemporânea, nas teorias sobre o processo de construção da pessoa e do parentesco no contexto ameríndio. A análise das narrativas permitiu reconstruir o suicídio como um fenômeno associado a conflitos que se ancoram pro fundamente em aspectos socioculturais e históricos dos povos indígenas daquela região, que remetem a tensões intergeracionais, de gênero e no campo do parentesco. O gerenciamento desses conflitos parece estar comprometido, já que estratégias tradicionais parecem perder a eficácia simbólica e outras não fo ram adequadamente encontradas para substituí-las. O consumo de álcool, embora seja um elemento im portante para compreensão do suicídio, não deveria ser tomado como elemento explicativo central, mas, sobretudo como um catalisador desses conflitos.
A construção social dos corpos periféricos
Authors: Fernandes Luís , Barbosa Raquel
Published: March 2016

Resumo Este artigo desenvolve o seu argumento em torno da forma como lidamos socialmente com corpora lidades que se afastam da centralidade corpórea, entendida aqui como o resultado da valorização de determinados aspetos do corpo, que passam a ser tomados como modelo do que este deve ser. Come çando por situar o corpo como objeto privilegiado para a comunicação entre o biológico, o individual e o sociocultural, esclarece os conceitos que servirão à nossa análise: corporalidade, centralidade corpórea, símbolo natural e incorporação. Interroga o porquê da ascensão do corpo nas sociedades do hiperindi vidualismo contemporâneo e procura evidenciar processos sociais em curso que produzem normas sobre o que o corpo deve ser, e que metaforizamos com as imagens dos corpos na marquesa, na pas serelle e no podium. Propõe-se em seguida a noção de corpo periférico como aquele do qual emanam signos desvalorizados pelos padrões constituintes da centralidade corpórea. Exemplificamos com as deformidades físicas e com a obesidade, analisando a partir delas como pode o corpo constituir-se como fonte de estigma e locus de sofrimento psicológico nos processos interativos correntes. O percurso que aqui empreendemos é suscetível de fornecer elementos para as seguintes questões analíticas que atravessam todo o texto: que processos conduzem um determinado objeto social a tornar-se central ou, pelo contrário, a ser deslocado para a periferia? Como construímos socialmente o periférico? Que consequências pode ter nas vivências psicológicas e na vida social daqueles que são olhados como corpos periféricos?
Biotecnologias de baixa complexidade e aspectos cotidianos do “cuidado”: a triagem neonatal e a detecção da doença falciforme no Brasil
Authors: Calvo-González Elena
Published: March 2016

Resumo O artigo discute a relação entre a aplicação de tecnologias médicas de baixa complexidade e as diversas noções de “cuidado” envolvidas no processo de detecção neonatal da doença falciforme. São analisadas quatro histórias sobre pacientes e suas famílias da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, coletadas durante trabalho de campo etnográfico, escolhidas por condensar vários aspectos sobre a experiência daqueles que convivem com essa doença. Nessas histórias é desvendada a presença de diversos aspectos do que Mol chamou de “lógica do cuidado”, mostrando como a aplicação da tecnologia diagnóstica insere-se em fluxos de “vida” que invocam outros âmbitos da experiência com a biomedicina, relações de família e comunidade.
Contextual determinants of induced abortion: a panel analysis
Authors: Llorente-Marrón Mar , Díaz-Fernández Montserrat , Méndez-Rodríguez Paz
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Analyze the contextual and individual characteristics that explain the differences in the induced abortion rate, temporally and territorially. METHODS We conducted an econometric analysis with panel data of the influence of public investment in health and per capita income on induced abortion as well as a measurement of the effect of social and economic factors related to the labor market and reproduction: female employment, immigration, adolescent fertility and marriage rate. The empirical exercise was conducted with a sample of 22 countries in Europe for the 2001-2009 period. RESULTS The great territorial variability of induced abortion was the result of contextual and individual socioeconomic factors. Higher levels of national income and investments in public health reduce its incidence. The following sociodemographic characteristics were also significant regressors of induced abortion: female employment, civil status, migration, and adolescent fertility. CONCLUSIONS Induced abortion responds to sociodemographic patterns, in which the characteristics of each country are essential. The individual and contextual socioeconomic inequalities impact significantly on its incidence. Further research on the relationship between economic growth, labor market, institutions and social norms is required to better understand its transnational variability and to reduce its incidence.
Maternal mental health and nutritional status of six-month-old infants
Authors: Hassan Bruna Kulik , Werneck Guilherme Loureiro , Hasselmann Maria Helena
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze if maternal mental health is associated with infant nutritional status at six month of age. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 228 six-month-old infants who used primary health care units of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. Mean weight-for-length and mean weight-for-age were expressed in z-scores considering the 2006 World Health Organization reference curves. Maternal mental health was measured by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. The following cutoff points were used: ≥ 3 for common mental disorders, ≥ 5 for more severe mental disorders, and ≥ 9 for depression. The statistical analysis employed adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of common mental disorders, more severe mental disorders and depression was 39.9%, 23.7%, and 8.3%, respectively. Children of women with more severe mental disorders had, on average, a weight-for-length 0.37 z-scores lower than children of women without this health harm (p = 0.026). We also observed that the weight-for-length indicator of children of depressed mothers was, on average, 0.67 z-scores lower than that of children of nondepressed women (p = 0.010). Maternal depression was associated with lower mean values of weight-for-age z-scores (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Maternal mental health is positively related to the inadequacy of the nutritional status of infants at six months.
An Investigation into EFL Learners’ Perception towards L2 Pragmatic Instruction
Authors: Kim Hyekyeng
Published: March 2016

The present study investigated EFL students’ perception toward the pragmatic instruction provided as a part of regular English curricula. A total of 52 university students from various majors participated in the study. The treatment was given for nine weeks during the regular class hours in terms of four speech acts, compliments, apologies, requests, and refusals, with the goal of enhancing the learners’ pragmatic awareness as well as pragmatic competence. A questionnaire and the learners’ reflection journals were adopted as data collection instruments, and an eclectic design was adopted to analyze their perception. Both the intermediate and low groups showed positive perception in terms of the four major categories—interest, usefulness, importance, and motivation, yet more than half of the learners from the low group found that learning L2 pragmatics was difficult due to the complexity and length of some of the sentence patterns of formulaic expressions. Further, there were significant differences between subjects regarding the category of difficulty for each speech act. Nevertheless, the learners expressed that pragmatic instruction facilitated their communication skills, enhanced their pragmatic awareness on intercultural differences, as well as instilled confidence in English interactions. These findings imply learners’ motivation and needs for learning L2 pragmatic features.
Sri Aurobindo’s Yogic Discovery of the ‘One Original Language’ of Mankind: A Linguistic Exploration
Authors: Kumar Nikhil
Published: March 2016

On a very high plane of yogic consciousness Sri Aurobindo discovers the existence of the ‘one original language’ of mankind. Such ‘one original language’ of mankind, he says, is based on certain eternal types of sound. It exists on the summit of spiritual consciousness, ‘Overmind Consciousness’ he terms it. It comes to be intelligible to the matter-oriented intellectual mind of linguistic world since Noam Chomsky finds mind at the centre of language, mind which is free from the ‘stimulus control’. Further, Ferdinand de Saussure’s linguistic vision of the existence of the basic structure of language gives an unmistakable indication of the linguistic base of the one original language, and, therefore, requires us to make a linguistic exploration to materialise this vision of the ‘one original language’ of mankind.
The Effect of Input-based and Output-based Instruction on EFL Learners' Autonomy in Writing
Authors: Salimi Asghar , Shams Kiana
Published: March 2016

The current research investigates the comparative effects of input-based and output-based task-induced activities on EFL learners' autonomy in writing. 35 learners were homogenized out of 70 Pre-intermediate EFL learners. The methodology was that at first session, a task of writing - similar to the writing tasks in their book- was given to all the participants in both experimental groups of input-based and output-based. During six treatment sessions some vocabularies related to the writing task is taught to the students. In input-based group the words are just taught and given to learners without asking them to use these words during the process of learning the lessons, but in the output-based group the teacher asks the students to produce the meaning of the words or try to use these vocabularies. At the seventh session, the same task is given to both groups as the post-test to see whether input and output-based instruction has positive effect on the results of their writing production. The writings are assessed in terms of measurements, fluency, accuracy and complexity. The data are analyzed using paired T-test. The paper concludes that output-based task-induced activities were more effective in improving learners' autonomy in Writing.
The Relationship between Critical Thinking Ability of Iranian English Translation Students and Their Translation Ability
Authors: Azin Nooshin , Tabrizi Hossein Heidari
Published: March 2016

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between critical thinking and translation ability of Iranian English translation students. Moreover, the difference between critical thinking skills of males and females was explored. The participants of this study were 86 Iranian senior English translation students of Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr branch. For gathering data two kinds of instruments were used: a critical thinking questionnaire (The Persian version of CCTST- form B) and English to Persian translation test. The findings revealed no significant difference between critical thinking abilities of females and males. Thus it can be concluded that gender has no role in critical thinking abilities of the Iranian EFL learners.  Furthermore, the results of this study indicated that learners with more critical abilities were more successful in translation performance. These findings highlight the importance of teaching thinking skills to our learners and Integrating problem solving activities that need critical thinking in our teaching and learning process.
Preparing for a Postmethod Pedagogy: A Transformative Approach to Curriculum Development
Authors: Naeini Arash V. , Shakouri Nima
Published: March 2016

The three parameters of postmethod pedagogy proposed by Kumaravadivelu (2001), particularly a pedagogy of possibility, are in line with and drew on the works of such critical pedagogists as Giroux (1988) whose idea of transformative intellectuals viewed it rightful for every individual teacher and learner to actively participate in the process of learning with their entire social, economic and political experiences; and even make reformations to the direction of pedagogy based on their understanding. However, curriculum development, as an integral part of pedagogy, may inhibit this transformative and dynamic learning by restricting teachers to set and prefabricated materials and guidelines. Nonetheless, teachers play a pivotal role in the realization of this transformative process since they are the executive recipients of curricula. This paper is an attempt to shed light on a transformative approach to curriculum development and holds, a transformative approach to curriculum development requires teachers to have a hand in curriculum development when they are invited by the curriculum to act so; and adapt or transform the curriculum when they are constrained by it.
Enhancing Listening Fluency through Well-beaten Path Approach
Authors: Ghaniabady Saeed , Hashemi Hamid Reza
Published: March 2016

It is axiomatic that listening skill is the primary channel to the process of language acquisition. To foster this skill, a wide array of approaches and methods has been offered, one of which is the often-neglected well-beaten approach. The current study is an attempt to provide glimpse into the possible effect of employing well-beaten path approach on developing learners’ listening fluency. To achieve such intent, 60 EFL learners were randomly selected and assigned to two groups. Before assigning them, they sat for a pre-test to ensure their homogeneity. For one group the well-beaten path approach was applied in that the same listening test was repeated three times and for the other group the test was run only once. The findings signified that using a well-beaten approach noticeably leads learners to outperform their listening fluency. The study results might significantly contribute to the more optimal teaching of listening skill.
An Analysis of ‘Closure’ and ‘Equilibrium’ in Mathew Quick’s The Silver Linings Playbook in the Light of Gestalt Psychology
Authors: Taghizadeh Ali , Moradi Moein
Published: March 2016

The present paper moves in the line of cognitive literary studies. Its project is to interpret Mathew Quick’s The Silver Linings Playbook in the light of the theories of Gestalt psychology. Quick portrays a pair of mentally unbalanced protagonists suffering from the loss of their partners. Analyzing the psychological aftermaths which befall these figures afterwards, this paper attempts to highlight some facts through Gestalt therapy. As such, this paper tries to show the role of ‘Closure’ in the psychological imbalance of Quick’s characters, arguing that in their search for ‘Equilibrium’ they pass through a phase of neurotic problems. Deciphering part of the novel’s message as such, this paper elaborates upon the life of some mentally damaged guys who come to help each other in order to pass normal and healthy lives.
Avaliação da eficiência da estação de tratamento de águas residuárias de uma lavanderia de jeans
Authors: Zagonel Jéssica Talita
Published: March 2016

No presente trabalho avaliou-se o tratamento das águas residuárias adotado numa lavanderia industrial, situada no Meio Oeste Catarinense. Os objetivos deste, consistiram em analisar a eficiência da estação, comparando os resultados finais como os padrões de emissões permitidos pela CONAMA 430/2011 e a LEI Nº 14.675/2009 (SC). Para isto foram empregados métodos de: caracterização das águas residuárias bruta e tratada; caracterização e determinação da vazão do corpo hídrico receptor. Sendo assim, a vazão média do corpo hídrico 0,033 m³.s-1. Este exibiu teores médios de OD 8,28 mg.L-1, DBO 123,01 mg.L-1, DQO (não expressiva), SST 18,56 mg.L-1, turbidez 0,939 NTU, fósforo 9,27 mg.L-1, surfactantes 0,83 mg.L-1 e pH 6,64. Nas águas residuárias bruta, os teores médios aferidos foram: DBO 206,90 mg.L-1; DQO 689,65 mg.L-1; SST 1,50 mg.L-1; SS 488,40 mL.L-1; fósforo 367,32 mg.L-1; surfactantes 2,12 mg.L-1; pH 6,56; OD 2,18 mg.L-1 e turbidez 6,15 NTU; Já para as águas residuárias tratadas: DBO 116,1 mg.L-1; DQO 121,37 mg.L-1; SST 0,00 mg.L-1; SS 5,00 e 21,50 mL.L-1 (dias 22 e 29/09); fósforo 23,60 mg.L-1; surfactantes 0,387 mg.L-1; pH 5,70; OD 6,04 mg.L-1 e turbidez 0,352 NTU. Com relação a eficiência da estação de tratamento, esta apresentou remoção de DBO < 40%, presença de SST, em algumas amostras, e ausência de SS. O pH, em algumas análises, ficou abaixo de 6,00. A remoção média de fósforo e surfactantes foi de 80% e 83,13% respectivamente. Diante destes resultados e segundo o que preconiza as legislações citadas, a estação avaliada possui eficiência de 57%.
Composição florística e faunística de quintais agroflorestais da agricultura familiar no nordeste paraense
Authors: Quaresma A. P. , Almeida R. H. C. , Oliveira C. M. , Kato O. R.
Published: March 2016

Os quintais agroflorestais são comuns entre os agricultores familiares da Amazônia, sendo sistemas de uso da terra sustentáveis desenvolvidos a partir dos saberes tradicionais. Além de ter como principal finalidade a promoção da segurança alimentar, são espaços de socialização e lazer para os agricultores e, podem contribuir para a composição de sua renda pela venda do excedente da produção. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar a diversidade dos quintais, a partir da composição de flora e fauna. A pesquisa estudou 37 quintais agroflorestais em cinco comunidades em Igarapé-Açu e Marapanim, nordeste paraense, usando técnicas de observação direta em campo, aplicação de questionários semiestruturados, notas etnográficas e turnê guiada nos quintais agroflorestais. Foram 107 espécies vegetais identificadas e 12 animais. Estes dados revelam que há uma quantidade maior de espécies comparativamente a outros estudos, o que se pode inferir grande conhecimento tradicional empregado na constituição e diversificação desses sistemas de uso da terra no local de estudo, considerando, o baixo nível tecnológico e força de trabalho familiar empregados. Assim, esses espaços característicos das paisagens rurais dos agricultores familiares do nordeste paraense correspondem elementos fundamentais dos seus agroecossistemas, gerando produção e garantindo a reprodução das famílias.

Floristic and faunal composition homegardens of family farming in northeast Pará
Abstract: The homegardens are common among family farmers in the Amazon, and sustainable land use systems developed from traditional knowledge. Besides having as main purpose the promotion of food security, they are spaces for socialization and recreation for farmers and can contribute to the composition of its income from the sale of production surplus. The aim of this study was to identify the diversity of yards from the flora and fauna composition. The research studied 37 homegardens in five communities in Igarapé-Açu and Marapanim, northeast Pará, using direct observation techniques in the field, application of semi-structured questionnaires, ethnographic notes and guided tour in homegardens. Were identified 107 plant species and 12 animals. These data show that there is a greater number of species compared to other studies, which can be inferred large traditional knowledge used in the creation and diversification of these land use systems in the study site, considering the low technological level and family labor employees. Thus, these characteristic spaces of the countryside of family farmers in northeast Pará match key elements of their agricultural ecosystems, generating production and ensuring the reproduction of families.
Operations Strategy: A Broader View Of Threading The Vision To The Customer
Authors: Burian Philip E. , Maffei III Francis Skip
Published: March 2016

In todays turbulent business environment, providing services, products, and solutions that meet customer needs and demands is a major challenge for all businesses. To be more competitive, companies are placing greater emphasis on lowering costs, improving quality, and reducing product cycle-time. Many different approaches, frameworks, and models are being used to guide businesses in their endeavors to move to the next level of productivity and excellence. This paper proposes an integrated framework that can assist business executives in evaluating and integrating their organizations in order to improve their operational profile.
Influence Of Corporate Social Responsibility On Hotel Demand
Authors: Sevilla-Sevilla Claudia , Reina-Paz Maria Dolores , Rodriguez-Oromendia Ainhoa
Published: March 2016

The embrace of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by the Spanish hospitality industry is still in the early stages. Few hotel companies publish sustainability reports, although the number of tourism and distribution channel organizations (tour operators, online travel agencies, etc.) incorporating specific aspects of CSR is growing each year. In this paper, the authors analyze whether CSR has a direct effect on end-consumer demand in Spain, identifying those aspects that customers evaluate positively.
A Statistic Analysis Of Romanian Seaside Hydro Tourism
Authors: Mirela Secara
Published: March 2016

Tourism represents one of the ways of spending spare time for rest, recreation, treatment and entertainment, and the specific aspect of Constanta County economy is touristic and spa capitalization of Romanian seaside. In order to analyze hydro tourism on Romanian seaside we have used statistic indicators within tourism as well as statistic methods such as chronological series, interdependent statistic series, regression and statistic correlation. The major objective of this research is to raise the bid of hydro tourism on the Romanian seaside, and at the same time to elaborate a complex statistic study on the seaside hydro tourism activity level with a view to evince the issues to be solved for hydro tourism development and re-establishment at the Black Sea area.
Students Perception Of Homework Assignments And What Influences Their Ideas
Authors: Letterman Denise
Published: March 2016

Authors have researched the effects of homework, but few studies have delved into the idea of students attitude towards homework. Consequently, students perception of homework, the principal participants, remains largely unknown. Students experience in homework that started as early as elementary school has influenced their ideas of homework. Trying to get students to complete their homework is one of the most frequent and frustrating behavior problems for educators. The purpose of this study is to understand students perception of homework assignments and identify factors that influenced their ideas. The participants for this research project were 180 undergraduate students enrolled in select Principles of Finance and Corporate Finance classes (encompassing three semesters and nine classes) at Robert Morris University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Results of the study summarize students opinions of homework assignments while in high school, college, and for the specific course in which the questionnaire was administered. Tests of significance revealed seven (of the nine classes) significant differences between the actual number of times homework was handed in and the pre-conceived number of times students estimated homework assignments would be completed on time.
An Exploration Of The Impact Of Online Delivery In Prerequisite Courses On CIS Majors Course Sequence
Authors: Pence Norman , Fustos Janos , Haga Wayne , Marold Kathryn , Mawhinney Charles H. , Moreno Abel A. , Morrell Joseph S. , Morris Gerard J.
Published: March 2016

On-line courses have become an important component of the delivery of courses in all areas of education. The validity of online delivery is challenged if Web students perform poorly in subsequent major courses. This paper investigates the level of success, failure, potential, and limitation of on-line delivery in the CIS area at MSCD. The result of this research will provide a framework for developing a methodology for this kind of study, allowing academic institutions to evaluate the success and utility of online courses.
Action Learning: A New Teaching Tool For Undergraduate Business Education
Authors: Rosenstein Alvin , Gupta Rakesh , Ashley Allan
Published: March 2016

Action Learning can be a powerful tool to build understanding of theoretical principles. Unlike classroom teaching, it can also enhance integration and synthesis of the functional disciplines by presenting students with actual, real-world problems.
The Lillie Mae: A Capital Investment Project In Riverboat Restoration
Authors: Coldwell Colene L. , Delaney Charles J. , Rose John T.
Published: March 2016

This case involves a proposed capital investment project.  It was written for use in an introductory business finance course to present students a capital budgeting scenario involving elements of both an expansion project and a replacement project that is more complex than the usual textbook problems.  It also provides students an exercise in the application of standard spreadsheet software to a common analytical problem in corporate finance, namely, a proposed capital expenditure.
The Natural Way To Learn: Learn Without Learning
Authors: Selman Victor , Selman Ruth Corey , Selman Jerry , Selman Elsie
Published: March 2016

Natural learning ways currently used to accelerate the velocity of learning are reviewed, including Selman’s MEDICASA model with his platoon system of participatory responses---all demonstrating innovative multi-sensory, multi-learning skills.  To augment persuasion and articulation ability of business school students, stand-up comedy is used (University of Chicago).  Song writing, storytelling and improvisation (Vanderbilt University-Owens Management), and for Shakespearean motivation for other management skills at the corporate executive level (Northrup Grumman).  Food “chow-down”, before and during classes, including pizzas, soyburgers and chocolate candy, for relaxation and memory stimulation and retention.  The aromatherapy path to soft learning, the path of music and subliminal sound--Mozart effect and silent sound--and other multi-sensory aids and teaching techniques to activate all the senses for learning---Key for three senses, but strive for five!  Other learning techniques include Selman’s Universal Method (SUM) of breaking large problems into manageable parts or patches.  His MEDICASA Model for developing models for multi-learning in various venues will be demonstrated. Another approach is to have abstract ideas in the sciences translated into physical learning aids, or robotic device, or toys--- where the kernel of the analogies can be retained for comprehending differing situations in the present, and for future metaphors.  Learning aids, toys, robotic devices and simulation techniques will be explored for state-of-the-art reinforcement of ideas and innovative concepts at this point in time.  When Al Gross (a.k.a. Phineas Thaddeus Veeblefetzer) passed away at the end of the last millennium, the gizmos he designed and had patented---just for the fun of it!-- like Dick Tracy’s two-way wrist radio, the walkie-talkie, and other wireless wonders still have a revered resting place in the heart of our fun memories.  Learning can be reinforced in many ways.  But learning without play is difficult, grim and boring presentations.  It may be the major failing of our educational system!
Determinants Of Students Performance In Intermediate Accounting
Authors: Waples Elaine , Darayseh Musa
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that may influence student performance in the first intermediate accounting class.  Regression analysis is used to examine the significance of four independent variables:  cumulative grade point average prior to enrolling in intermediate accounting, grade in the introductory financial accounting class, grade in the introductory managerial accounting class, and score on a diagnostic assessment used to measure general financial accounting knowledge.  Based on the results, several recommendations are offered to improve student performance.
The Implementation Of Knowledge Management System In Taiwans Higher Education
Authors: Yeh Yaying Mary Chou
Published: March 2016

Success in an increasingly competitive marketplace depends on the quality of knowledge that organizations apply to their key business processes. The concept of knowledge management (KM) is widely discussed in commercial applications. There are limited discussions as to how it applies to not-for-profit organizations and its relevant measurement issues. This paper examines the application of knowledge management systems (KMS) in a private college in Taiwan, who is facing administrative challenges and cutting-edge competition. The multi-perspective modeling approach is adopted. The college first defines vision in a SWOT analysis through faculty brainstorming sessions. Leadership is formed to ensure a culture of sharing. A knowledge road map then documents inventories of IC and core competence. After defining knowledge management strategies in academic and organizational perspective, the KM model describes steps and procedures for implementation. Finally, implications for other universities and colleges are discussed.
Addressing A Missing Link In Higher Education On-line Content Development: Toward A Tripartite Collaborative Model
Authors: Assogbavi Tov , Grzeda Maurice
Published: March 2016

Although more than a dozen methods for developing and offering courses through distance education have been utilized over the years, the offering of on-line courses through the “World Wide Web” is still in its infancy. The number of failures in managing such on-line offerings calls for substantial research to explore why some programs are successful while others fail.  A few years ago, dozens of business schools in the US were trying to position themselves in what was promised to be a lucrative market for on-line education and training.  While some institutions have successfully established internet-based programs, many others have scrapped their on-line projects.  Many reasons account for these failures.  Among these are misinterpretations of the market, problems faced by traditional schools, start-up costs, choice of development/delivery model and faculty skepticism.  While all these reasons have a great impact on the results of the first decade of on-line education experience, this paper focuses on what seems to be the major factor: finding the right on-line model.  The paper suggests that an on-line higher education model based on a partnership between the institution, the content experts and the e-learning technology providers is the most functional.  This model helps each partner clearly determine an appropriate role, increasing the likelihood of a successful outcome.
Promoting Student Academic Success: Paying Attention To Learning Environmental Factors
Authors: Li Nan
Published: March 2016

Achievement gaps become greater for schools with high-poverty and high-minority school population in the United States in recent years (Dillon, 2005; Lee & Slaughter-Defoe, 2004). The academic success of minority students is important because the nation cannot successfully compete in a global market when a considerable portion of its school population is under-educated. This study examines the academic success of African-American pre-service teachers. Analyzed qualitative data reveals that to promote academic success of minority students, nurturing successful personal factors through supportive learning environments is important. In the light of the study findings, suggestions are provided for teachers to assure student academic success.