bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Should we worry about belief?
Authors: Streeter Joseph
Published: March 2019

Suspicion of the concept of belief is now widely held among anthropologists. To determine whether this suspicion is justified, we must understand what belief is. Yet the question of how we are to reach an understanding of belief has not received much attention among anthropologists, who tend to assume that they know what belief-ascriptions entail whenever they criticize the use of the concept. But is this assumption warranted? This paper addresses this question by going back to a central text in the history of anthropological debate about belief, Rodney Needham’s Belief, Language, and Experience. It focuses particularly on Needham’s use of the later philosophy of Wittgenstein, arguing that Needham systematically misunderstands Wittgenstein’s work and misses the challenge that Wittgenstein poses to his own guiding assumptions about psychological concepts. The author argues that the failure of Needham’s critique of belief has broader implications. Although recent critics of belief are not motivated by Needham’s concerns, their understanding of belief-ascriptions, and so of the nature of belief, is continuous in important respects with the understanding that structures Needham’s work. If this is really a misunderstanding of belief, as Wittgenstein’s discussions of the concept suggest, then it follows that their criticisms are no more compelling than Needham’s. More specifically, it suggests that, like Needham, they are not really talking about belief at all. The author develops this argument with a discussion of the critiques of belief in the work of Joel Robbins and of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro and Martin Holbraad.
Full disclosure demands an update of financial conflicts
Authors: Turpin David L
Published: March 2019

Full disclosure of interests is essential for orthodontic research to be open and transparent.
Challenges and opportunities facing contemporary orthognathic surgery
Authors: Naini Farhad B , Gill Daljit S
Published: March 2019

Here, we provide a brief overview of the challenges, innovations and potential opportunities facing contemporary management of individuals requiring orthognathic care.
Publication pattern, study design, authors and countries involved in orthodontic RCTs – a bibliometric MEDLINE survey over the past 50 years
Authors: Bondemark Lars
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to investigate the number and proportions, study design, journal publications, authors and countries involved in orthodontic randomised controlled trials (RCTs) over the past 50 years.

Method:

A MEDLINE database search (Entrez PubMed, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ) was performed in November 2018 for RCT publications from 1 January 1968 to 31 December 2017. All orthodontic publications, clinical trials (CTs) or RCTs were selected. For each year from 1968 to 2017, the total number of orthodontic publications and total number of CTs and RCTs were computed. Following this, study design, journal publications, authors and countries involved in orthodontic RCTs were noted.

Results:

The RCTs accounted for 0.1% of all orthodontic publications in the 1970s and 1980s, and, following this, the proportion of RCTs was increased and amounted to 2.7% over the past decade (2008-2017). The majority of RCTs were of single centre design (93.4%) and in 88.3% a parallel-arm design was performed. The United States and United Kingdom endorsed 16.9% and 15.5% of the RCTs, followed by Turkey (11.1%), Brazil (7.0%), Sweden (6.6%), China (5.6%), Italy (5.4%), and Germany (4.1%). Of all RCTs, 74.2% were published in 20 orthodontic journals and 25.8% in 81 non-orthodontic journals. The American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Angle Orthodontist, European Journal of Orthodontics and Journal of Orthodontics contributed to 60.2% of all the RCTs.

Conclusion:

The considerable increase in orthodontic RCTs over the past 50 years implies an increased scientific impact of orthodontic literature.
How consumer involvement influences consumption-elicited emotions and satisfaction
Authors: Calvo-Porral Cristina , Ruiz-Vega Agustín , Lévy-Mangin Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2019

There is scarce research on the relationship between the level of consumer involvement and consumption-elicited emotions. So, we address the following questions: What is the influence of consumer involvement on consumption-elicited emotions?; Are positive emotions prevailing in highly involved consumers?; and Are negative emotions more dominant in low-involved consumers?. For this purpose, three different levels of consumer involvement have been considered—low ( n = 228), medium ( n = 493), and high ( n = 601). A Manova test was developed to analyze the relationship between consumption emotions and the level of consumer involvement. The results suggest that consumers should surpass an involvement threshold to develop a negative emotional appraisal and provoke negative affect. Similarly, our findings indicate that medium-involved consumers experience higher unpleasant emotions.
Virtual reality in lighting research: Comparing physical and virtual lighting environments
Authors: Chen Y , Cui Z , Hao L
Published: March 2019

In the study of lighting, as the construction of a physical test room is costly and time-consuming, researchers have been actively looking for alternative media to present physical environments. Virtual reality, photo and video are the most commonly used approaches in the lighting community, and they have all been used by researchers around the world. Most such studies have been conducted without discussing what gives the subjects a better sense of realism, presence, etc., and which type of media is closer to the ideal, the physical lighting environment. In this paper, we aim to select the optimal alternative media that can present physical lighting environments. We compare a human’s subjective feeling towards a physical lighting environment and three alternative reproduction technologies, namely, virtual reality reproduction, video reproduction and photographic reproduction. We also discuss the feasibility of using virtual reality in representing lighting environments. The selection of the most optimal media is based on the perceptual attributes of lighted space, and the findings are only related to these criteria. The main results of this study are the following:

(a) The order of the overall presentation-ability of the media is physical space > virtual reality reproductions > video reproductions > photo reproductions.

(b) In terms of subjective rating, virtual reality lighting environments are rated closest to the physical lighting environments, and the order of the approximate coefficient of the media is physical space (1) > VR reproductions (0.886) > video reproductions (0.752) > photo reproductions (0.679).

(c) Virtual reality can present lighting attributes of open/close, diffuse/glaring, bright/dim and noisy/quiet consistent with the physical environment.

(d) Human subjects are most satisfied with VR reproductions.
Management of Unusual Proximal Radial Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Umana Luke , Peshkepija Andi , Yee Elliot J. , Liao Jane , Donde Nick , Motaganahalli Raghu
Published: March 2019

Distal upper extremity arterial aneurysms are rare with only a few case reports and small retrospective studies described. Most aneurysms are secondary to trauma making idiopathic aneurysms an especially rare disease process. An 83-year-old male presented with a painful pulsatile mass that was confirmed with ultrasound and computed tomography angiogram as a 2.0 × 1.5 cm radial artery aneurysm. He had successful aneurysm resection and primary repair. Histopathology confirmed a true aneurysm. This case report demonstrates successful excision and repair of this rare pathology. This case is been reported more for its rarity than complexity of the treatment.
The role of staple fiber length on the performance of carded, hydroentangled nonwovens produced with splittable fibers
Authors: Tabor Jordan , Wust Carl , Pourdeyhimi Behnam
Published: March 2019

Carding is a common web-forming process used for staple fibers in the nonwovens industry. Carded webs can be produced with bicomponent staple fibers designed to split into fine fibers. Splittable bicomponent fibers offer benefits such as increased surface area, improved hand, decreased pore size, improved cover, and enhanced strength. Splittable bicomponent fibers within carded webs can be split and bonded utilizing high-pressure water jets during the hydroentangling process. Staple fibers may be produced in many different lengths. However, the effect of staple fiber length on the nonwoven carding process and structure–property relationships of carded, hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics composed of splittable bicomponent fibers is not well understood. During this research, polyester/polyethylene 16-segmented pie, bicomponent fibers with lengths ranging from 2.54 to 15.24 cm were produced, carded and bonded by hydroentangling. All fiber lengths used during this research were successfully carded, and no significant challenges were observed during carding. Fabric performance was evaluated with air permeability and burst strength testing. Data sets were statistically evaluated with one-way and two-way analysis of variance to determine whether fiber length significantly affected fabric structure and properties. In general, the solid volume fraction and air permeability of the samples were affected by fiber length. However, fiber length did not strongly affect the burst strength of hydroentangled fabrics.
Multistate Comparison of Cost, Trends, and Complications in Open Versus Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Williamson Emilie R. C. , Vasquez Montes Dennis , Melamed Eitan
Published: March 2019

Background: Surgical carpal tunnel release is performed by either open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) or endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR). The purpose of this study was to assess differences in intraoperative and postoperative complications, trends, and costs between OCTR and ECTR. Methods: State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Databases (SASD) files for California, Florida, and New Jersey were queried for patients who underwent OCTR and ECTR between 2000 and 2014. Patient demographics, comorbidities, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and cost were compared between OCTR and ECTR. The frequency of each procedure was used to formulate trends in OCTR and ECTR. Results: A total of 571 403 patients were included in this study. Sex was significantly different by a small percentage (OCTR = 64.8% female, ECTR = 65.4% female). A higher proportion of Hispanic patients underwent ECTR ( P < .001). The patients who underwent OCTR had a greater comorbidity burden in terms of diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis ( P < .001). None of the aforementioned complication rates were statistically significant between the 2 procedures. Endoscopic carpal tunnel release was significantly more costly by almost $2000. Open carpal tunnel release has remained stable over the years studied, whereas ECTR increased 3-fold. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate no significant differences between OCTR and ECTR regarding intraoperative and postoperative complications and patient outcomes. Endoscopic carpal tunnel release was found to be significantly more costly.
Cerebral foreign body reaction due to hydrophilic polymer embolization following aneurysm treatment by pipeline flow diversion device
Authors: Geisbush Thomas Rand , Marks Michael P , Heit Jeremy J
Published: March 2019

The use of flow diverting stents for wide based, intracranial aneurysms has become an invaluable treatment option. While intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke from dislodged atherosclerotic emboli are common adverse events, the potential for delayed granulomatous inflammation from possible hydrophilic polymer emboli is rarely recognized. We present a unique case in which visible chipping of the pusher wire for stent placement was observed, followed by clinical and radiographic evidence suggestive of a delayed foreign body reaction to intracranial hydrophilic polymer emboli. A 55-year-old woman underwent placement of a Pipeline embolization device for a left-sided, broad-based aneurysm at the base of the internal carotid artery and posterior communicating artery. Two months later she developed right-sided focal neurological deficits. Imaging showed ipsilateral focal edema and enhancing lesions with contrast. Although not confirmed with biopsy and histopathology, clinical and radiographic evidence suggests that this patient probably experienced a delayed foreign body reaction to hydrophilic polymer emboli from compromised procedural equipment during flow diverting stent placement. Although previously described, this is the first instance to our knowledge in whichvisible chipping of the pusher wire was observed on a Pipeline embolization device.
A dynamic adaptive particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm for different constrained engineering design optimization problems
Authors: Zhu Hao , Hu Yumei , Zhu Weidong
Published: March 2019

A dynamic adaptive particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm is presented to solve constrained engineering optimization problems. A dynamic adaptive inertia factor is introduced in the basic particle swarm optimization algorithm to balance the convergence rate and global optima search ability by adaptively adjusting searching velocity during search process. Genetic algorithm–related operators including a selection operator with time-varying selection probability, crossover operator, and n-point random mutation operator are incorporated in the particle swarm optimization algorithm to further exploit optimal solutions generated by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. These operators are used to diversify the swarm and prevent premature convergence. Tests on nine constrained mechanical engineering design optimization problems with different kinds of objective functions, constraints, and design variables in nature demonstrate the superiority of the dynamic adaptive particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm against several other meta-heuristic algorithms in terms of solution quality, robustness, and convergence rate in most cases.
Disturbance and uncertainty estimator-based cascaded position-current controller for active magnetic bearing system
Authors: Wang Yao-Nan , Hai Tran Minh
Published: March 2019

This article presents a robust control method; all of the unknown disturbances and uncertainty values will be rejected. Suspension of active magnetic bearing system is aimed to figure out that the proposed control method is implementable for highly nonlinear unstable system. First, system state is described by dynamic model, with unknown lump of uncertainty value. Subsequently, the cascade control with inner and outer loops is defined by sliding mode control based on disturbance and uncertainty estimator. The outer control loop is used to force the system state converge on the predefined surface, while inner control loop is used to control the current of electrical part of the system. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed control method is good at tracking trajectory.
Design and sample size considerations for Alzheimer’s disease prevention trials using multistate models
Authors: Brookmeyer Ron , Abdalla Nada
Published: March 2019

Background/Aims

Clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease have been aimed primarily at persons who have cognitive symptoms at enrollment. However, researchers are now recognizing that the pathophysiological process of Alzheimer’s disease begins years, if not decades, prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Successful intervention may require intervening early in the disease process. Critical issues arise in designing clinical trials for primary and secondary prevention of Alzheimer’s disease including determination of sample sizes and follow-up duration. We address a number of these issues through application of a unifying multistate model for the preclinical course of Alzheimer’s disease. A multistate model allows us to specify at which points during the long disease process the intervention exerts its effects.

Methods

We used a nonhomogeneous Markov multistate model for the progression of Alzheimer’s disease through preclinical disease states defined by biomarkers, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease dementia. We used transition probabilities based on several published cohort studies. Sample size methods were developed that account for factors including the initial preclinical disease state of trial participants, the primary endpoint, age-dependent transition and mortality rates and specifications of which transition rates are the targets of the intervention.

Results

We find that Alzheimer’s disease prevention trials with a clinical primary endpoint of mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease dementia will require sample sizes of the order many thousands of individuals with at least 5 years of follow-up, which is larger than most Alzheimer’s disease therapeutic trials conducted to date. The reasons for the large trial sizes include the long and variable preclinical period that spans decades, high rates of attrition among elderly populations due to mortality and losses to follow-up and potential selection effects, whereby healthier subjects enroll in prevention trials. A web application is available to perform sample size calculations using the methods reported here.

Conclusion

Sample sizes based on multistate models can account for the points in the disease process when interventions exert their effects and may lead to more accurate sample size determinations. We will need innovative strategies to help design Alzheimer’s disease prevention trials with feasible sample size requirements and durations of follow-up.
Dancing with the D-man: Exploring reflexive practices of relational leadership in ballet and ice hockey
Authors: Ryömä Arto , Satama Suvi
Published: March 2019

This paper explores relational leadership as a reflexive activity that comprises the subtle interplay between the verbal and bodily acts of people at work. Although the existing literature on collective leadership acknowledges various qualities of relational leadership, the latter’s deeply reflexive nature has remained underexplored. By drawing on ethnographic research material from the two controversial; yet, surprisingly similar contexts of ballet and ice hockey, we set out to explore the fine-grained dynamics of the reflexive practices of relational leadership in greater detail. Based on our findings, we argue that relational leadership builds on a bundle of verbal and embodied reflexive practices, entwined with offstage and onstage power dynamics in the workplace. Consequently, our study calls for a more nuanced and bodily appreciative understanding of relational leadership in organisation studies in general.
A cross-sectional study to describe and explore factors associated with measles immunisation and recording among cases linked to an outbreak, South West England, 2016
Authors: McLaughlin Joanna C , Verlander Neville Q , Yates Julie , Beck Charles R
Published: March 2019

Following an outbreak of measles across South West England in 2016, the multi-agency outbreak control team suggested that immunisation history records collected for the health protection response may not be reliable. We undertook a cross-sectional study to compare measles immunisation records collected from outbreak cases on the case management system HPZone by the Health Protection Team with the full primary care record.

A total of 122 cases were reported. We identified 86.9% cases were not fully immunised and 5.7% had an unknown immunisation status. There were 14 cases whose primary care records did not match HPZone and 18 cases where primary care records were available and immunisation status was not documented in HPZone. Complex, non-linear associations were found between age and socioeconomic deprivation status of each case and having an incorrect HPZone record. Cases who resided in postcode areas of greater socioeconomic deprivation had statistically significantly higher odds of having been fully immunised. Only 13.3% of partially or unimmunised cases received an MMR immunisation following their onset of measles infection.

Collecting immunisation status from the full primary care record during acute management of measles cases may support improvements in control and prevention of further cases.
A cost analysis of active surveillance culture in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Kitano Taito , Takagi Kumiko , Arai Ikuyo , Yasuhara Hajime , Ebisu Reiko , Ohgitani Ayako , Kitagawa Daisuke , Oka Miyako , Masuo Kazue , Minowa Hideki
Published: March 2019

Active surveillance culture (ASC) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) has been implemented to monitor horizontal transmission and choose appropriate antimicrobials when neonates experience late-onset infections (LOIs). To perform a cost analysis of ASC in the NICU, we evaluated data from a NICU ward in a Japanese community hospital. This was a retrospective study of neonates admitted to the NICU of Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara City, Japan, from April 2012 to May 2017. We implemented biweekly ASC (nasal, stool and umbilical cultures) during this period. We assessed the detection rate for methicillin-sensitive and -resistant S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA) in each culture and reviewed the cases of LOI. Among the 785 cases, MSSA and MRSA were detected in 158 and 75 cases, respectively. Nasal culture was the most sensitive method for detecting MSSA and MRSA. Three cases benefitted from changing the empiric treatment based on previous ASC results, with an annual cost of ¥808,331 (£5773.80 or $7282.30) for ASC. The total cost per one benefited case during the study period was calculated as ¥1,392,126 (£9943.80 or $12,541.70). The total cost per benefited case in risk factor targeted ASC, nasal culture targeted ASC and MRSA-targeted ASC was ¥1,332,264 (£9516.20 or $12,002.30), ¥692,222 (£4944.40 or $6236.20) and ¥858,547 (£6132.50 or $7734.70), respectively. Considering the frequency of S. aureus detection and the cost of each culture, our ASC was modified to use only nasal cultures. This study suggests that the cost performance of ASC should be evaluated with consideration of the characteristics of each NICU.
Hand hygiene expectations in radiography: A critical evaluation of the opportunities for and barriers to compliance
Authors: Jeanes Annette , Henderson Fiona , Drey Nick , Gould Dinah
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

Good hand hygiene practices reduce the risk of transmission of infection in healthcare. In common with other areas of healthcare, infection control knowledge and practice in radiography has potential for improvement. Regular hand hygiene compliance (HHC) monitoring indicated poor compliance in radiology which did not accurately reflect practice in one organisation. Using a quality improvement cycle, the process and context of work undertaken in radiology were examined in order to improve the validity and utility of HHC monitoring data collection process in the department.

Methods:

Following examination of the evidence base and with agreement from the radiology team, the chest X-ray process was observed and actions notated. This was then scored using the organisation and the World Health Organization five moments of hand hygiene tool. An alternative risk-based scoring system was developed.

Results:

The HHC score of 22% was obtained using standard measurements. Achievement of 100% compliance would require the radiographer to clean their hands nine times for each X-ray. The sequence of taking a chest X-ray was examined and two points in the process were identified as key points at which hand cleaning should take place to reduce the risk of transmission of infection.

Conclusions:

Cleaning hands frequently to achieve compliance expectations in this short low-risk process is neither feasible nor beneficial. A pragmatic risk-based approach to hand hygiene expectations in predictable procedures such as taking a chest X-ray reduces ambiguity and potentially increases compliance.
Third-party access in district heating: Lithuanian case analysis
Authors: Korsakaite Diana , Bieksa Darius , Bieksiene Egle
Published: March 2019

Transition from monopoly to competition-based markets is widely recognized processes around the globe when it comes to achieving efficient electricity and gas trade thus presenting direct benefits to the final energy consumers. But when talking about smaller infrastructures like district heating (DH) market is still viewed as a natural monopoly. This article presents Lithuanian case to open up existing municipal infrastructure to third-party access in order to complete fuel switch in DH generation faster and to increase efficiency of the entire system through competitive pressure. The article presents the set of circumstances in DH sector back in 2010; focuses on regulatory framework, which was developed and introduced through two phases in Lithuania; and formulates impacts of the reorganization of DH sector from vertically integrated monopoly to single buyer model for de-monopolized generation.
Stigma-Based Rejection Experiences Affect Trust in Others
Authors: Zhang Ming , Barreto Manuela , Doyle David
Published: March 2019

Rejection experiences are likely to influence individuals’ subsequent feelings about others and their behavior in social interactions. The present study specifically examined whether stigma-based rejection leads to decreased trust in others, compared to rejections that are not stigma based. Trust was assessed behaviorally with an online task where the interaction partner was preprogrammed. Participants showed less trust after stigma-based rejection than after a nonstigma-based rejection. This research provides the first experimental evidence that stigma-based rejection uniquely influences trust in others.
Bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus) in an adult cat
Authors: Saraiva Luís HG , Andrade Maria C , Moreira Matheus VL , Oliveira Letícia B , Santos Ágna F , Ferreira Raquel S , Santos Willian HM , Ecco Roselene
Published: March 2019

Case summary

An adult cat presented with neurological signs and marked icterus. Clinical pathology tests detected increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels, as well as alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin above the normal reference intervals. Ultrasonography showed hepatomegaly and a dilated gall bladder. Following these results, the cat was referred for a cholecystectomy owing to a clinical suspicion of obstructive cholecystitis. The animal died in the postoperative period and was referred for necropsy. Grossly, the animal had marked icterus. On the cortical surface and in the brain parenchyma there were marked yellowish areas. The liver was diffusely reddish-orange, enlarged and the capsular surface was slightly irregular. The gall bladder was absent. At its anatomical site and surrounding the common hepatic duct, a whitish nodular neoplasia of 2.0 cm was found. Microscopically, a cholangioma was diagnosed in the region of the common hepatic duct. In the white matter of the cerebellar vermis, there was axonal degeneration associated with gliosis. In the Purkinje neuron layer there was slight multifocal necrosis. Some neurons contained amorphous and brownish pigment (bilirubin) in the cytoplasm. Clinical and pathological findings indicated hepatic and post-hepatic icterus from obstructive cholangioma, resulting in kernicterus.

Relevance and novel information

Kernicterus is a neurological disorder that is rarely diagnosed in animals, especially in adults. This report provides evidence that kernicterus can occur in adult cats, secondary to increased unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin concentrations.
School Counselor Roles and Opportunities in Promoting EcoWellness: Integrating Nature Connection in K–12 Settings
Authors: Reese Ryan F. , Webster Lindsay C. , Biles Kathy
Published: March 2019

Nature positively impacts holistic wellness and K–12 student learning, although this phenomenon has largely been unstudied in school counseling. School counselors are in a unique position to champion nature connection in school communities to promote holistic wellness and positive learning outcomes. This article introduces EcoWellness as a framework for strategically infusing nature throughout the comprehensive school counseling program. We discuss strategies for school counseling practice and implications for school counselor preparation and research.
Votes on Twitter: Assessing Candidate Preferences and Topics of Discussion During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election
Authors: Fang Anjie , Habel Philip , Ounis Iadh , MacDonald Craig
Published: March 2019

Social media offers scholars new and innovative ways of understanding public opinion, including citizens’ prospective votes in elections and referenda. We classify social media users’ preferences over the two U.S. presidential candidates in the 2016 election using Twitter data and explore the topics of conversation among proClinton and proTrump supporters. We take advantage of hashtags that signaled users’ vote preferences to train our machine learning model which employs a novel classifier—a Topic-Based Naive Bayes model—that we demonstrate improves on existing classifiers. Our findings demonstrate that we are able to classify users with a high degree of accuracy and precision. We further explore the similarities and divergences among what proClinton and proTrump users discussed on Twitter.
Exploratory Factor Analysis of Technological Justice: An Evidence From the Higher Education Sector in Oman
Authors: Hazzi Osama A. , Hammami Samir M.
Published: March 2019

This study proposes a technological dimension of organizational justice and empirically investigates how this dimension takes form in a measure of justice. The study conducted the work within the higher education sector in Oman and collected the data from nine universities and higher institutes of learning. Participants represent a range of academic ranks (including lecturers, assistant professors, associate professors, and full professors), and they have different teaching experiences; they come from a wide range of cultures; and their ages widely differ. The study used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of data from 416 survey respondents to test the dimensionality of organizational justice. It also used Cronbach’s alpha to check the reliability of the intended measure. The findings show an interpretable and distinct factor of what one might call “technological justice.” The study outcomes provide a better understanding of how employees perceive the fairness of using technological tools and its sustainability. This study can help organizations investigate the extent to which employees perceive their workplace to be technologically just. It can also help organizations reconsider their procedures and policies securing better justice in this domain. The current scholastic endeavor focuses on an area of research which has not received much attention when compared with that of research on other dimensions of organizational justice. This new domain would add some insights into the literature of organizational justice and enhance the knowledge of the dimensionality of justice.
Is Workplace Kin?
Authors: Gupta Deepak
Published: March 2019

When health care workers receive health care at their workplace, an ethical question arises if the workplace is considered kin.
An increase in the risk of excessive femoral anteversion for relatively younger age and types of femoral morphology in total hip arthroplasty with direct anterior approach
Authors: Watanabe Kenya , Mitsui Katsuhiro , Usuda Yu , Nemoto Kazuaki
Published: March 2019

Background:

Direct anterior approach (DAA) is known to diminish a dislocation risk and widely used for total hip arthroplasty (THA). On the other hand, anterior dislocation due to increasing stem anteversion and cup anteversion is an important complication.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 140 (male/female: 10/130) consecutive patients with 149 hips who had undergone primary THA in the period between 2011 and 2015 was conducted. Factors including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and primary diagnosis were examined. Radiographic parameters including the Dorr proximal femoral types, cortical thickness index (CTI), canal flare index (CFI), and canal to calcar index were measured. To investigate relationships of combined anteversion (CA) with other factors, a stepwise regression analysis was performed.

Results:

The mean age, BMI, and the follow-up period were 69.5 ± 10.3 years old, 23.4 ± 3.4 kg/m2, and 48.2 ± 13.6 months, respectively. The proximal femurs of the 149 hips were categorized as Dorr type A ( n = 33), type B ( n = 110), and type C ( n = 6). The mean CTI, CFI, and canal to calcar index were 0.56 ± 0.08, 4.15 ± 0.83, and 0.46 ± 0.09, respectively. The mean stem varus angle, radiographic inclination, and radiographic anteversion of the cup were 0.19 ± 1.63, 40.9 ± 6.0°, and 12.7 ± 3.5°, respectively. Stem anteversion measured by computed tomography (CT) axial image was 17.7 ± 12.0°. The mean radiographic inclination, radiographic anteversion (CTRA), and anatomical anteversion analyzed by Kyocera 3-D template were 40.8 ± 7.2°, 19.8 ± 6.6°, and 28.8 ± 10.0°, respectively. Mean CA defined as the sum of stem anteversion and CTRA was 37.5 ± 14.5°. To investigate relationships of CA with other factors, a stepwise regression analysis was performed and resulted in a model with age ( p < 0.001). In the same way, stem anteversion and CTRA were analyzed; only for the stem anteversion, the stepwise selection process resulted in a model with age ( p < 0.001) and the Dorr types ( p = 0.047).

Conclusion:

The risk of excessive femoral anteversion increases for relatively younger age and for types of femoral morphology according to the Dorr classification, moreover with an increase of CA in DAA-THA with cementless tapered-wedge stem.
The relationship between the clinical results and the remnant type following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a hamstring tendon
Authors: Yanagisawa Shinya , Kimura Masashi , Hagiwara Keiichi , Ogoshi Atsuko , Nakagawa Tomoyuki , Shiozawa Hiroyuki , Ohsawa Takashi , Chikuda Hirotaka
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlations among the preoperative and postoperative knee laxity, the clinical results, and the type of remnant tissue following the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods:

One hundred ninety-two patients (male, n = 101; female, n = 91; mean age, 27.1 years) with ACL-deficient knees who had undergone double-bundle reconstruction were included. The time between injury and surgery (TBIS) was 34.7 weeks (range, 1–504 weeks). The subjects were divided into four groups according to the Crain’s classifications and factors such as the age at surgery, gender, TBIS, side-to-side difference (SSD), Tegner activity score (TAS), and Lysholm score were compared.

Results:

The percentage of patients with ACL remnant pattern types 1, 2, 3, 4 was 19% (37 knees), 52% (101 knees), 9% (19 knees), and 18% (35 knees), respectively. The TBIS of the patients with Crain type 4 was significantly longer in comparison to the other groups ( p < 0.01). A significant difference was observed in the preoperative SSD of the Crain type 3 and Crain type 4 (6.2 ± 3.4 mm, 9.3 ± 3.6, respectively) groups. The TBIS in patients with Crain type 4 was significantly longer in comparison to the other groups ( p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the postoperative SSD, TAS, or Lysholm score.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that a Crain type 3 remnant was associated with a significantly lower preoperative SSD. In addition, the TBIS in patients with Crain type 4 was found to be significantly longer in comparison to the other groups.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case–control study.
Effectiveness of a Comprehensive 4-Week Course in HIV Medicine for Postgraduate Doctors at University of Nigeria: A Preservice Education Initiative
Authors: Nwandu Anthea , Claassen Cassidy Wayne , Riedel David James , Madubuko Theresa , Olutola Ayodotun , Onu Eugene , Onyekonwu Chinwe , Nwobi Emmanuel , Chukwuka Chinwe
Published: March 2019

There is a critical shortage of trained human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) providers in resource-limited settings. To strengthen preservice HIV training for postgraduate health care providers, University of Maryland’s Institute of Human Virology and Center for Clinical Care and Research Nigeria collaborated with University of Nigeria to plan and implement a comprehensive 4-week course in HIV medicine. The first course was piloted with 30 postgraduate doctors. Mean objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE), pretest, and posttest scores score were 51%, 53%, and 75%, respectively; follow-up examination at 6 months showed mean score of 74%. In multivariate regression analysis, pretest score was positively associated with posttest score (22.03, P < .001) and OSCE (0.29, P = .04), age negatively associated with pretest score (−0.94, P = .001), and female gender positively associated with OSCE score (6.15, P = .05). Six- and 18-month online surveys revealed trainees continued to apply knowledge and skills gained. North–south university collaborations to develop practicum-based preservice curricula offer a sustainable way to strengthen preservice evidence-based HIV medicine training with long-lasting retention of skills and knowledge.
YOUTH MARATHON TRAINING: INJURY EPIDEMIOLOGY & RISK FACTORS
Authors: Goldman Joshua , Beck Jennifer
Published: March 2019

Background

Youth participation in long distance running has increased yet little data exist about the injury patterns and safety of such activity. There are inherent training challenges in youth athletes that theoretically increase their risk of injury relative to their adult counterparts. These include their ongoing neuromuscular development and evolving gait, vulnerable growth open plates, increasing limb length that outpaces muscle growth, and reduced heat tolerance. Students Run LA (SRLA), now in its 30th year of operation, is a non-profit organization that mentors youth during an eight-month marathon training program. While there are many program benefits, little is known about the safety of distance running in adolescent athletes. This study sought to determine the types and rates of injuries in a subset of SRLA participants.

Methods & Study Design

From August 2017 - March 2018, weekly injury reports were digitally collected by volunteer coaches. Data collection included demographics, injury type, severity, acuity, time off and training mileage.

Results

50 high schools and 34 middle schools participated, representing 1930/2750 (70.2%) of total SRLA participants. Mean age was 15 (SD 1.9). 1922/1930 (99.6%) completed the marathon. 411 injuries occurred in 353/1930 (18%) runners during the training program. HS runners were more likely to be injured than MS runners (20.8% vs. 14.2%, p<0.001). There was no difference in injury rates between male and female runners (46.7% vs. 53.2%, p=0.153). 72% of injuries were acute, 16% were subacute, 3% chronic, and 9% unspecified. 60.1% of injuries were associated with time off with a mean time off of 4.8 days (SD 4.8). The most frequent sites of injury were the knee (33%), leg (19%), ankle (15%), and foot (14%). Overall, runners with injuries ran significantly more miles per week than uninjured runners (14.6 vs. 12 .0, p<0.001), a pattern that was consistent at the MS (14.1 vs. 11.6, p<0.001) and HS levels (15 vs. 12.1, p<0.001).

Conclusions

18% of youth marathon participants reported an injury over the course of an 8-month training program. The majority of injuries were acute. There was no significant difference in injury rates between males & females but HS runners were more likely to be injured than MS runners. 99.6% of study participants successfully completed the marathon, a higher completion rate than seen in adults.

Significance

This study represents one of the largest descriptions of injury prevalence in youth distance running. The results highlight an injury rate in youth runners comparable to adults during a marathon training program and a race completion rate that is higher than adults. These findings may lead to changes in the current Position Statement with regard to youth marathon participation.

Acknowledgements

Orthopedic Institute for Children Students Run LA
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS RELATED TO RETURNING TO SPORT IN ADOLESCENTS FOLLOWING ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Armento Aubrey , Albright Jay , Skelton Anne , Gagliardi Alexia G. , Howell David R. , Daoud Ariel Kiyomi , Mayer Stephanie W.
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

“Return-to-sport” (RTS) criteria following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction lacks standardization. In addition to functional strength and knee joint stability, psychological factors may also affect readiness to RTS. The present study aimed to assess the association between perceived levels of social support and confidence in RTS among adolescent athletes prior to undergoing ACL reconstruction. We hypothesized that athletes who perceived higher levels of social support would have greater confidence in their ultimate ability to return to their previous level of play after ACL reconstruction.

Methods:

Fifty-three subjects completed two questionnaires prior to undergoing ACL reconstruction: the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and a psycho-vitality (PV) questionnaire. We performed a multiple linear regression to assess if MSPSS score was associated with confidence in returning to sport (PV score), while controlling for the independent effects of age and gender. Independent sample t-tests were also used to compare MSPSS scores between those who did and did not state that they had doubts in their ability to RTS and those who were and were not willing to settle for a less strenuous sporting activity than previously, based on the PV questionnaire responses.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 15.6±1.7 years (range 9-18 years) with 42% males. There was no significant association between MSPSS total score (mean= 6.22±0375, range= 4-7) and PV total score (mean= 13.8±3.0, range= 8-18; ß coefficient= -0.63, 95% CI= -1.77, 0.52, p = 0.28). Those who reported doubts in returning to sport did not significantly differ than those who reported no doubts (n=19) in MSPSS total score (6.07±0.82 vs. 6.30±0.70; p = 0.29; Cohen’s d= 0.31). Similarly, those who did and did not respond that they were willing to settle for a less strenuous sporting activity had similar MSPSS scores (6.14±0.81 vs. 6.47±0.45; p= 0.17; Cohen’s d= 0.44).

Conclusion:

Previous studies suggest that psychological factors play a role in successful RTS, yet the specifics of how this pertains to adolescent athletes remain unknown. The present study suggests that prior to ACL reconstruction, perceived social support does not significantly influence confidence in the ability to ultimately RTS following surgery and subsequent rehabilitation in young athletes. Future studies will aim to correlate these variables between pre-operative and actual RTS time points, as well as to investigate how other factors, such as motivation and self-esteem, are influenced by social support and affect ultimate RTS success.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES AMONG US HIGH SCHOOL SOCCER PLAYERS: AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY
Authors: Gupta Andrew , Pierpoint Lauren , Comstock Dawn , Saper Michael
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common among adolescent athletes, with soccer being the sport most frequently implicated in girls’ ACL injuries. The current literature on ACL injuries, while extensive, lacks a comprehensive study of ACL injuries in United States (US) high school soccer players. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of ACL injuries among US high school soccer players.

METHODS

ACL injury and athlete exposure (AE) data for US high school soccer players were obtained from the internet-based National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance System, High School RIO (Reporting Information Online) dataset collected from school years 2007-2008 through 2016-2017. Injury rates were calculated as the number of ACL injuries per 100,000 AEs. Subgroup differences were evaluated with rate ratios (RRs) or injury proportion ratios (IPRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). Subgroup differences were examined with independent t-tests. Comparisons of categorical data (i.e., mechanism of injury) were performed using Pearson’s?2 tests.

RESULTS

The number of ACL injuries reported to High School RIO corresponded to weighted national estimates of 41,205 (95% CI = 33,321 – 48,730) ACL injuries in boys’ soccer and 110,029 (95% CI = 95,349 – 124,709) in girls’ soccer during the study period. ACL injury rates were significantly higher in girls’ soccer (13.23 per 100,000 AEs) than boys’ soccer (4.35 per 100,000 AEs) (RR = 3.04, 95% CI = 2.35 – 3.98) and were significantly higher in competition compared to practice for both girls (RR = 14.77, 95% CI = 9.85 – 22.15) and boys (RR = 8.69, 95% CI = 5.01 – 15.08). A greater proportion of ACL injuries were due to player-player contact in boys (48.6%) compared to girls (30.1%) (IPR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.08 – 2.42). There was no statistical difference in the proportion of ACL injuries managed surgically in boys and girls (84% vs. 78%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

There are sex-based differences in mechanism of injury and ACL injury rate in high school soccer players. In addition, boys and girls showed higher rates of injury during competition. This study suggests several areas for targeted evidence-based ACL injury prevention strategies in US high school soccer players.