bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actividad eléctrica cerebral: métodos de registro y análisis y sus implicaciones en la organización funcional del cerebro
Authors:   Instituto de Neurociencias. Universidad de Guadalajara, México., Rivera-Tello Sergio , Huerta-Chávez Vladimir , Ramos-Loyo Julieta
Published: January 2023

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive technique that allows the evaluation of brain electrical activity. It has beenadvantageous over the years to assess the brain ́s functional organization in healthy populations and those with variouspathologies. This review aims to provide a general overview of the EEG, including the neurophysiological origin of brainelectrical activity, the component frequency bands, and the analysis methods commonly applied in research. There is still a lotto know about the meaning of the changes generated in the different brain rhythms related to age during informationprocessing, as well as their alterations in specific pathologies.
Evaluación remota de la recuperación de la vegetación afectada por incendios forestales
Authors:   Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Centro Altos de Jalisco, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México., Flores-Garnica José Germán , Flores-Rodríguez Ana Graciela , Rivera-Leyva Refugio Ramón ,   Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Mococha, Yucatán, México., Arellano-Martin Fernando ,   Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Bacalar, Quintana Roo, México., Ursúa-Guerrero Francisco E. ,   EPSUS, Ortiz-Moreno Felipe Ángel Omar ,   Reserva de la Biósfera de Sian Ka´an. Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas., Gutierrez-Carbonell David
Published: January 2023

Forest fires alter ecosystem processes and interactions. However, not all fires are the same, some are more severe than others,their impact on the vegetation varying according to the degree of severity. Therefore, it is important to have information thatallows sizing these impacts and supports the implementation of management strategies. However, monitoring the impact of fireis not an easy task, much less monitoring the response of the ecosystem over the years. Accordingly, the objective of this workwas to implement satellite technology to monitor the dynamics of forest cover recovery in areas impacted by forest fires, inorder to direct ecosystem restoration strategies. For this, the difference (before and after the fire) of the normalized burningratio (dNBR) was defined to determine the severity of a fire that occurred in the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve in 2019.Subsequently, the dynamic of ecosystem recovery was evaluated, through the analysis of a series of images, using thefollowing indexes: a) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); b) Normalized burn ratio (NBR); c) NormalizedThermal Burnup Ratio (NBRT); d) Burned Area Index (BAI). A change in the reflectance value was observed in the burnedarea after the fire, which was restored over time. However, although the values show a recovery of the vegetation, in the fieldthe ecosystem is made up of different species from those that were present before the fire, therefore, by means of the spectralsignature of the vegetation, an image was generated showing the difference in the density of vegetation, which favors theunderstanding of the effects of fire and helps define priority areas to direct restoration actions.
Árboles y arbustos del Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA) de la Universidad de Guadalajara
Authors:   Departamento de Botánica y Zoología. Universidad de Guadalajara. Jalisco, México., Reynoso Dueñas Jesús Jacqueline , Hernández López Leticia , Harker Mollie , Rodríguez Alcántar Olivia , Cedano Maldonado Martha , Villaseñor Ibarra Luis , Arias García José Armando
Published: January 2023

An inventory of trees and shrubs in CUCBA was updated based on the work of one of the authors. For this purpose, tours werecarried out in the facilities of the University Center and thus validate the presence of the previously listed species. Thenomenclature of the taxa, their origin, and information on the presence of mistletoe and the risk status were added. A list of 214species of trees and shrubs in 148 genera of 61 families is presented. Of these, the five most diverse represent 32% of the totaland Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Pinaceae stand out. The number of species added to the previous work are 95 and 51 that nolonger exist were eliminated. Sheets with photographs of some representative species are presented. Of the total species, 156are trees and 58 are shrubs, so far, the largest number of tree species recorded in the entire University Network. Regarding theorigin of the trees and shrubs, 133 are native to Mexico and the rest are introduced. Of the 133 native taxa, 97 are trees, whichalso represents the largest number of native tree species on the Network. The contribution of the Didactic Botanical Garden ofthe Institute of Botany stands out for hosting a considerable number of these native species and contributing to teaching as avaluable teaching tool. CUCBA is home to emblematic and economically important species. The percentage of species infectedby mistletoes is 15%. In terms of conservation, 16 taxa are in some risk category of the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, on theIUCN Red List of threatened species 93 are registered, although only 22 present greater risk and 71 are registered in thecategory of Low Concern. In Appendix II of CITES 10 species are listed.
Why do some fish grow faster than others?
Authors: Goodrich Harriet , Clark Timothy
Published: January 2023

All animals must acquire food to grow, but there is a vast diversity in how different species and even different individuals approach and achieve this task. Individuals within a species appear to fall along a bold-shy continuum, whereby some fish acquire food aggressively and with seemingly high risk, while others appear more submissive and opportunistic. Greater food consumption generally results in faster growth, but only if the energy acquired through food is more than enough to compensate for heightened metabolism associated with a more active lifestyle. Fast-growing phenotypes also tend to have elevated baseline metabolism – at least when food is plentiful – which may be linked with gut morphology and digestive efficiency. The net energy gained from a meal (as calculated from the specific dynamic action (SDA) coefficient) is optimised with larger meal sizes, but the digestion of large meals can erode the aerobic metabolic scope available for other critical activities such as predator avoidance, perhaps at an interindividual level. Thus, complex interactions between an individual’s genes and environment are likely to regulate the growth phenotype. This review compiles available knowledge to shed light on the question: Why do some fish grow faster than others? We discuss the elaborate interrelationships between behaviour, physiology and the gut microbiome with a goal to better understand what drives intraspecific differences in growth performance.
EDWARD HOOPER, GREGORY CREWDSON ve DAVID FINCHER’İN GÖRSEL KURGULARINDA METİNLERARASILIK BAĞLAMI
Authors: GERGİN Atay
Published: January 2023

Görsel sanat disiplinlerinde; eserlerinin görsel kompozisyon kurgusunun anlatım örüntüsünü oluşturma ve anlamlandırılma süreçlerinde, kültürel birikimin ve de bu birikimle eserler arasında kurulan köprülerin son derece önemli bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Öyle ki; eserin veya anlatının temel estetik yöneliminin ve duygusunun hem oluşturulması hem de anlamlandırılması bu anlamdaki zihinsel ilişkilere/ etkileşimlere bağlıdır. Bu bakışla, çalışmanın odağında bulunan metinlerarasılık kavramının içeriği; bu türden kültürel köprülerin kurulabilmesi ve de anlaşılabilmesi süreçlerindeki yeri ve önemi açısından ve de ilişkili bağlamlarla birlikte değerlendirilecektir. Sonrasında, kavrama dair yapılacak değerlendirmelerin verileri ışığında ve metinlerarasılık bağlamının görsel ilişkilerini örnekleme konusundaki verilere yatkınlıkları nedeniyle seçilen sanatçılar; Edward Hopper (Ressam), Gregory Crewdson (Fotoğraf Sanatçısı) ve David Ficher (Sinematograf) ve bazı eserleri incelenecektir. Çözümleme bölümünde de bu sanatçıların bazı eserleri yine metinlerarasılık ilişkileri bakımından, karşılaştırılmalı olarak değerlendirilecektir. Çalışmanın amacı; bu eserlerdeki metinlerarası ilişkilerin sanat üretim ve anlamlandırma süreçlerindeki algı boyutlarını ve de yaratacağı faydalar anlamındaki potansiyeli vurgulayarak bir değerlendirme yapmaktır.
MASAL VE ESTETİK YAPI: KIBRIS TÜRK MASALI ESTETİK ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KARABACAK Havva Esra , ÖZNUR Şevket , PİRO Aslı
Published: January 2023

Masallar, yapılan çalışmalarda birer kültür taşıyıcısı, kültür öğesi olarak vurgulanmaktadır. Tüm masalların iç yapısında kendiliğinden oluşan bir estetik yapısı vardır. Çalışmanın amacı, edebiyatın estetikle olan ilişkisini ve masallarda estetik algının değişimini ortaya koymaya çalışmaktır. Estetik değerler ve edebi metin estetik özelliklerin tanımlanması ve bu doğrultuda bir masal okunurken, anlatılırken hangi estetik değerler nasıl dikkate alınmalıdır? Sorusunun cevabı aranarak estetik ile masal ilişkisi üzerinde durmaktır. Estetik değerler farklı yaklaşımlarla incelenerek masala hangi açılardan bakılması gerektiği hususunda değerlendirmeler yapılacaktır. Estetik değerlerle, güzelle ve iyi olanla edebi bir metnin örtüşmesi sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Yöntem olarak, sanat ve estetiğin birbiri ile olan ilişkisi anlatıldıktan sonra sanat ve estetik ayrı ayrı anlatılmış, estetik değerler üzerinde çalışma ve uygulamaya ağırlık verilmiştir. Sanat, estetik ve estetik değerlerin geçmişten günümüze kadar yapılan tanımları üzerinde durularak masalla ilişkisi irdelenmiştir. Estetiğin temel kavramları masal üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Estetiğine öznel bir yaklaşımla, bir sanat eserinden ya da bir tabiat manzarasından haz duyulmasının masala ve masaldaki kişilere nasıl yansıdığı üzerinde durulmuştur. Bir sanat eserini değerlendirmek, ondan zevk duymak ancak belirli kişilere özgüdür. Bu eylemleri yapmak için insanın belirli bir bilgi birikimine sahip olması gerekir. Estetiğin temel öğesi beğenme yargısıdır. İnsanlar hiçbir pratik amaç gözetmeden, yalnızca hayranlık duygusuyla doğayı seyrettikleri gibi masal okurken de bu durum ön plana çıkar. Çocuğun görme, duyma, duyumsama, düş kurma, düşünme ve sezme yetilerinin harekete geçmesi, hayalde canlanan resimlere bakması, kendilerince yeni masallar oluşturabilmesi, çocuğun renkli ve hareketli dünyasına resmin anlatım diliyle girmesini sağlar, buradan hareketle masalların içerisindeki yaratıcı unsurların ortaya çıkarılmasıyla çocukların dil gelişimlerini destekleyen unsurlara dikkat çekilecektir.
Design and Implementation of Real-time Fault Location Experimental System for Teaching and Training University Students
Authors: Minh Khoa Ngo , Duc Tung Doan
Published: January 2023

The fault location problem is one of the most important issues in power system operation and control. To obtain an experimental system for teaching and training electrical engineering students, this paper performed a study to design and implement a real-time fault location laboratory-scale model from practical hardware components. The impedance-based fault location method is embedded in the system to determine the distance to fault in the transmission line. Furthermore, the monitoring and controlling program is designed by the Matlab App Designer – A new professional app to create the graphical user interface and use the integrated editor quickly. Several fault types including three-phase fault, phase-to-phase fault, phase-to-ground fault are created to evaluate the performance of the fault location experimental system. The real-time measurement results which are acquired and observed on the user guide interface of the program confirm the effectiveness of the experimental system; therefore, the system can be considered a powerful tool for electrical engineering students.
Cross-Layer Model of Dynamic Distribution of Radio Resources and Data Flow Service in LTE Networks
Authors: Amirsaidov Ulugbek , Qodirov Azamat
Published: January 2023

In this article, the results of the development of a mathematical model for the time-frequency resource allocation of the uplink channel and flow service in LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks are given. The proposed model is aimed at ensuring the maximum performance of the radio channel and the guaranteed quality of service for data flows of wireless network users. A comparative analysis of the proposed model with the existing methods of the time-frequency resource allocation of the LTE technology is carried out in terms of ensuring the overall performance of the uplink and allocating the required transmission rate to user stations while maintaining the quality of service. It is shown that the proposed model of dynamic distribution of radio resources and servicing of data streams increases the overall performance of the uplink compared to the Round Robin and Proportional Fair methods, by 1.42 and 1.23 times, respectively.
Measuring Financial Health Analysis Using Risk-Based Bank Rating (RRBR) Ratios: Evidence from Syariah Bank Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) For Periods Of 2018-2020.
Authors: Wirayogi Agung , Sudrajad Oktofa Yudha , Daryanto Wiwiek Mardawiyah
Published: January 2023

This study provides an assessment of the healthiness of the Sharia Bank in Indonesia and analyse the results. We used three of four of the Sharia Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) as a sample and used the risk-based bank rating (RBBR) methodology by measuring the risk profile condition, profitability (earnings), capital, and good corporate governance (GCG). Data were collected quarterly from the 3rd quarter of 2018 until the 4th quarter of 2020 of PT Bank BRI Syariah Tbk (BRIS), which has been merged into PT Bank Syariah Indonesia, PT Bank Tabungan Pensiunan Nasional Syariah Tbk (BTPS), and PT Bank Panin Dubai Syariah Tbk (PNBS). The result shows that non-performing loan (NPL) is healthy, while the loan to debt ratio (LDR) is quite healthy. The GCG result indicates that the companies achieved well. While the profitability and capital that were measured through return on asset (ROA), net interest margin (NIM), cost of operating income (BOPO), and capital adequacy ratio (CAR) are in very healthy condition. This study provides useful insight into measuring Sharia Banks in Indonesia by using the risk-based bank rating (RBBR) methodology.
Challenges in Implementing and Sustaining Community College Organizational Change for Student Success
Authors: Miller Jennifer , Harrington Christine
Published: January 2023

Community colleges are challenged with creating and sustaining student success organizational change. Institutional-level student success reform efforts are needed to combat the unacceptably low student completion rates, but colleges often struggle to initiate and maintain organizational reforms. After many years of reform efforts, researchers have provided theories for whole college organizational change, in particular guided pathways, that shows great promise in helping community colleges realize student success and completion gains while targeting and reducing racial equity gaps. A literature review focused on determining the internal reasons why institutions struggle to create and sustain organizational change was conducted. Contextual challenges, awareness and motivation, and change management process challenges within the institutions were several of the key causes identified. Within contextual challenges, organizational structures including college policies, practices, and governance, as well as leadership and funding challenges were cited as barriers to organizational change for student success. A lack of awareness of the need for or how change by faculty, staff, and administrators, along with a lack of motivation or resistance to the change can also create significant roadblocks for colleges. Change management process challenges within the institution including a lack of professional development for leaders in change management strategies was also cited as a significant challenge to developing and sustaining an effective organizational change effort. Knowing these challenges can lead to informed approaches that college leaders, faculty, and staff take to implement, hopefully helping institutions sustain change reform at scale over the long-term and ultimately benefit the overall goal of increased student success and completion.
Antioxidative and Antidiabetic Properties of Skunk Vine (Paederia Foetida L.)
Authors: Ghosh TK , Husna T , Meraj ZA , Nazran A
Published: January 2023

This experiment was executed at the research field of Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh during 2019 to 2020. In this study, methanolic extract of different plant parts was used for observing the antioxidant properties such as total phenolic, flavonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanins content in Skunk vine (P. foetida). Results showed that, the total phenolic were more or less similar in leaf (357.62 μg/g) and stem (349.42 μg/g) and that were significantly higher than that of root extract (233.56 μg/g). The highest amount of flavonoid content (602.71 μg/g) was recorded in leaf extract and the content was more or less similar in stem (493.16 μg/g) and root extracts (501.86 μg/g). Maximum amount of anthocyanin content was recorded in leaf (42.04 μg/g) that was identical with that of stem extract (39.68 μg/g) and statistically the lowest amount in root extract (27.44 μg/g). The fresh leaf extracts contained higher carotenoid content (41.96 mg/g) than stem (25.58 mg/g). Total antioxidant activity in respect to percentage of DPPH ((2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging efficiency, leaf extract showed 63.78% inhibition efficiency which were significantly higher than that of stem (45.75%) and root (24.19%). α- glucosidase activity was greatly inhibited (59.13%) by leaf extract at the concentration level of 1.5 mg/mL which was better than that of stem (45.60%). Inhibition of α-amylase activity was recorded up to 46.23 and 42.57% by leaf and stem extracts, respectively which were statistically similar. The present study suggests that medicinal plant Skunk vine (P. foetida) has both antioxidative and antidiabetic properties which would be the good source for producing safe natural drugs.

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(1): 1-12, March 2021
Performance of Mango Gerplasm in Patuakhali Condition
Authors: Talukder MMR , Mahmud E , Karim MR , Akhtar N , Islam MN
Published: January 2023

A study was conducted for four consecutive years from 2014 to 2917 at the Regional Horticultural Research Station (RHRS), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Lebukhali, Patuakhali. Six mango varieties, viz. BARI Aam-1, BARI Aam-2, BARI Aam-3, BARI Aam-4, BARI Aam-5, BARI Aam-8 developed by BARI and six popular cultivars Khirshapat, Langra, Mallika, Gopalbhog, Fazli and Pahutan were evaluation for their performance. The germplasm were planted in 2010. All the cultivars bloomed in 1st to 3rd week of February. Harvesting time ranged from 2nd week of May to 1st week of July and Gopalbhog and BARI Aam-4 were earlier while Fazli was late season cultivar. In the last year of study (2017), maximum number of fruits per plant was recorded 259 in BARI Aam-3 and minimum 11 in BARI Aam-1. Individual maximum fruit weight was 663.09g in BARI Aam-4 in 2016. Average, individual fruit weight ranged from 553.92 to 183.13g where Fazli was the maximum followed by 465.94g in BARI Aam-4. Minimum individual fruit weight was measured in BARI Aam-3. Total Soluble Solids percent (TSS%) ranged from 16.83 to 21 66% and BARI Aam-3 was maximum and BARI Aam- 2 was minimum. Number of fruits per plant, individual fruit and sweetness (TSS%) of variety/and cultivar fluctuated in different year although the trend of results in the succeeding years was consistent.

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(1): 13-22, March 2021
Fertilizer Management of Gypsophila (Gypsophila Paniculata)
Authors: Quddus MA , Ara KA , Siddiky MA , Hussain MJ , Sharifuzzaman SM
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the research field of Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Gazipur under AEZ-28 during Rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to determine the suitable combination of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) for improving growth and cut flower bunch yield of gypsophila. There were 15 treatment combinations comprising four levels of nitrogen (0, 70, 100 and 130 kg ha-1), four levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1), four levels of potassium (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) and four levels of sulphur (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1) along with a blanket dose of Zn3B1.5 kg ha-1 and cow dung 5 t ha-1. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The combination of N100P40K60S20 kg ha-1 produced significantly higher cut flower bunch yield. The said treatment produced the maximum mean cut flower bunch yield of 185010 nos. ha-1 which was 76.9% higher over control (N0P0K0S0). The maximum number of branches per plant (7.12 nos.) and maximum opened flower per plant (60.2 nos.) were recorded from the treatment combination of N100P40K60S20 kg ha-1. Cost and return analysis indicated maximum net return and highest benefit cost ratio (1.91) was estimated from the same treatment. The results suggest that combined application of 100-40-60-20 kg ha-1 of N-P-K-S including 3 kg Zn ha-1, 1.5 kg B ha-1 and 5 t ha-1 cowdung can improve the growth and cut flower bunch yield of gypsophila. From the regression analysis, the optimum treatment combination was calculated as N91.8P44.0K80.7S18.7 kg ha-1 for experimental area. Therefore, the optimum combination package N91.8P44.0K80.7S18.7 kg ha-1 along with the blanket dose of Zn3B1.5 kg ha-1 and 5 t cowdung ha-1 may be recommended for gypsophila cut flower cultivation in Gazipur area.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(1): 23-34, March 2021
Feasibility of Growing Selected Vegetables in Hanging Sac With Different Levels of Manure
Authors: Sultana R , Dash PK , Das S , Mannan MA , Gomasta J
Published: January 2023

Vegetable production in the waterlogged condition is the main challenge in Southwest Bangladesh and to address the problem the present investigation was undertaken to determine the prospect and profitability of hanging sack vegetable cultivation in the waterlogged condition under various levels of organic matter. The investigation comprised three of vegetables such as Brinjal, Tomato, and Okra in hanging sacs under three soil and organic matter combinations at Germplasm Center of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University Bangladesh from November 2018 to March 2019. Three soil+cowdung combinations were T0= 100% soil, T1= 50% soil+50% cowdung, T2= 75% soil+ 25% cowdung, T3=25% soil+ 75% cowdung replicated seven times to produce the less erroneous results. Brinjal in the hanging sac had significantly better biological yield (28.92 t/ha), net return (451,000Tk./ha)and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) (2.08)over okra or tomato when the sac was filled with 75% cowdung + 25% soil. The higher price plus advanced yield contributed to enhancing the profitability of brinjal. These results will inform decision-making about cropping system modification that can be adopted by vegetable growers of Southwest Bangladesh to considerably reduce fallow waterlogged areas and enhanced vegetable production in waterlogged conditions.

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(1): 35-42, March 2021
Effect of Soil Moisture Level on Yield and Nutrient Balance Sheet of Black Cumin
Authors: Yousuf MN , Karim AJMS , Solaiman ARM , Islam MS , Zakaria M
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during rabi season of 2016-17 to evaluate the effects of soil moisture levels on black cumin (BARI Kalozira-1). The study site belongs to Shallow Red-Brown Terrace Soil of Salna series under AEZ-28 (Madhupur Tract). The experiment was set up in randomized complete block design with three replications, comprised five treatments assoil moisture levels: irrigation at 90%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 50% field capacity. The required number and amount of irrigation were 11 and 113.1mm, 8 and 108.1mm, 6 and 104.2mm, 4 and 99.4mm and 0 and 22.4mm in irrigation at 90%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 50% field capacity, respectively. The maximum seed yield (1243.0 kg ha-1) was recorded under the highest moisture regime in irrigation at 90% field capacity of soil moisture. The minimum yield (165.5 kg ha-1) was noted at 50% field capacity (where no irrigation was required). Net nutrient balance of N, K and S showed negative balance but P was positive. The maximum water use efficiency (10.51 kg ha-1 mm-1) for yield was noted with irrigation at 90% field capacity, which may be recommended for black cumin cultivation in the study area. The cost-benefit analyses also indicate that the maximum net income (Tk. 123503.00) of black cumin cultivation has been achieved by maintaining the highest soil moisture through irrigating the crop at 90% of field capacity.

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(1): 43-61, March 2021
Screening of Betelvine Cultivars Against Sclerotium Rolfsii Causing Foot and Root Rot Disease
Authors: Rahman MH , Islam MR , Aminuzzaman FM , Patwary MMA , Nasim MFA
Published: January 2023

Thirteen betelvine cultivars (PB 001 to PB 013) collected from different locations of Bangladesh showed remarkable variations in disease reaction to foot and root rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. The lowest incubation period 8 days was required for the cultivars PB 005 (BARI line), PB 006 (Misti pan), PB 009 (BARI Pan-1) and PB 010 (Bangla pan) and the highest incubation period 22 days was required for the cultivars PB 001 (Laldingi pan) and PB 013 (Gayasur pan) for appearance of 1st disease symptoms. The disease incidence ranged 8.33 to 100% at 30 days after inoculation. The lowest disease incidence was recorded in PB 001 (Laldingi pan), while the highest disease incidence was recorded from PB 002, PB 003 (Chalitaguti pan), PB 004 (Sanchi pan), PB 005, PB 006 (Misti pan), PB 007, PB 008, PB 009 (BARI Pan-1), PB 010 (Bangla pan) and PB 012 (Bhabna pan) followed by PB 011 (Jhal pan) and PB 013 (Gayasur pan). Based on incidence of foot and root rot on those cultivars, PB 001 (Laldingi) was graded as resistant, PB 011 (Jhal pan) and PB 013 (Gayasur pan) as moderately susceptible and rest of the cultivars as susceptible.

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(1): 63-69, March 2021
Effect of Different Mulches and Planting Beds On Growth and Yield of Bitter Gourd in Coastal Saline Soils
Authors: Haque MA , Hussain MI , Hoque MF
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was carried out in coastal saline soils of Bangladesh in 2018, 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the effect of different kinds of mulches and planting beds to reduce salt accumulation in the soil and to increase the yield of bitter gourd. The experiment was laid out in a factional randomized complete block design having two kinds of mulches: viz. rice straw mulch and polythene mulch along with no mulch control and three kinds of planting beds: viz. convex bed, flat bed and concave bed. The polythene mulch treatment had highest fruit yield of 21.86, 27.20 and 20.49 t ha-1, respectively followed by rice straw mulch and no mulch control treatment in 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Polythene mulch reduced electrical conductivity of soil by 31% and soil sodium content by 42% compared to no mulch treatment. Polythene mulch also increased soil temperature and gravimetric soil moisture content which promoted plant growth. The convex bed method produced highest mean fruit yield of 18.37, 20.06 and 15.18 t ha-1 followed by the flat bed and concave bed method in the year 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Combined use of polythene mulch and convex bed planting could provide greatest benefit to the farmers. The polythene mulch along with convex bed planting is therefore, recommended to get higher yield of bitter gourd and to reduce detrimental effect of salt on crop in coastal saline soils.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(1): 71-87, March 2021
Performance of Leafy Vegetables Intercropped With Brinjal
Authors: Tasmima T , Kaisar MO , Razzak MA , Khan MAH
Published: January 2023

An experiment was conducted during rabi and kharif season of 2018 - 2019 and 2019-2020, respectively at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Cumilla to find out the suitable crop combination of leafy vegetables with brinjal for increasing productivity and economic return through intercropping system. Five treatments viz. Brinjal + Red amaranth (T1), Brinjal + Leaf amaranth (T2), Brinjal + Patshak (T3), Brinjal + Spinach (T4) and Sole crop of brinjal (T5) were used in rabi season. In kharif season all the treatments were same except T4 where Indian spinach was used with brinjal instead of spinach. Results showed that yield and yield contributing characters of brinjal did not differ significantly due to different intercropping systems. Yield of brinjal was comparatively low in intercropping but total productivity increased due to additional yield of leafy vegetables. Increase of total productivity in terms of brinjal equivalent yield (BEY) was 2.03 to 25.68% (Rabi) and 2.36 to 22.29% (Kharif) and in intercrop combination compared to sole crop. All the intercropping combinations showed higher brinjal equivalent yield (BEY), gross return and benefit cost ratio (BCR) over sole crop. Among the intercropping combinations, Brinjal + Spinach (rabi) and Brinjal + Indian spinach (kharif-1) was the most feasible and profitable in respect of BEY (48.94 and 27.62 t/ha, respectively), gross return (Tk. 1223400 and 1105000/ha, respectively), gross margin (Tk.908823 and 782487/ha, respectively) and benefit cost ratio (3.88 and 3.42, respectively).
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(1): 89-97, March 2021
Relaying of Maize With Potato Under Maize-Fallow-T. Aman Cropping Pattern in Charland
Authors: Alam MJ , Mahmud AA , Islam MA , Molla MSH , Ali MA
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was conducted in the charland of the Jamuna river under Sundargonj upazilla (AEZ 3) of Gaibandha during 2017-18 and 2018-19. Two cropping systems were compared: Potato/Maize-T. Aman (relay cropping of maize with potato) and Maize-Fallow-T. Aman. The experiment was laidout in six dispersed replications maintaining randomized complete block design (RCB) design. The results revealed that the improved cropping pattern (Potato/Maize- T. Aman) produced the higher system rice equivalent yield (21.58 t ha-1) than the existing cropping pattern (11.61 t ha-1), that is almost double than the existing cropping pattern. Similarly, the production efficiency (PE) was 44% higher in the improved cropping pattern with a value of 70 kg ha-1 day-1 than the existing ones (48.5 kg ha-1 day-1). The land use efficiency (LUE) was also 29% more in the same cropping pattern (84.5%) compared to the farmers existing cropping pattern (65.5%). The profitability in terms of gross margin was almost double in the improved cropping pattern (Tk. 1,95,630) than the farmers’ existing cropping pattern (Tk. 1,00,750). Inclusion of Potato relay with the existing cropping increase the system productivity and MBCR (1.91) of the farmers in the char areas.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(1): 99-106, March 2021
Hedonic Price Analysis for Hog Plum Purchase Decision In Southern Part of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain A , Hoq MS , Mandal AK
Published: January 2023

The hog plum (Spondias mombin) is locally known as Amra is very popular fruit in Bangladesh. It is very delicious fruit and sources of Vitamin C. The purpose of this study is to identify the importance of the attributes of hog plum on its price. A total of 121 respondents were interviewed to identify the attributes of hog plum purchase decision using both OLS and robust regression models. Results show that quantity, whole fresh and blemish free are important attributes for hog plum purchase decision. Quantity, blemish free and traceability are significantly important attributes for low income consumer groups whereas quantity and whole fresh are significantly important attributes for high income consumer groups. The implication of the study is that proper hog plum farming system and its marketing activities design are necessary for making it a profitable business.

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(1): 107-116, March 2021
Prevailing Insects And Mite Pests Of Brinjal And Their Natural Enemies At Jashore In Bangladesh
Authors: Ghosh A , Biswas GC , Paul A , Tandra AB
Published: January 2023

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(1): 117-121, March 2021
Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) with Pre-existing Diabetes Mellitus: Comparison between Survived and Deceased Patients
Authors: Morshed Md Shahed , Mosabbir Abdullah Al , Hossain Mohammad Sorowar
Published: January 2023

Patients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) are at high risk of severe outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is limited data on these patients from South Asia, especially Bangladesh. Besides, comparative studies between survived and deceased patients with DM and COVID-19 are rare in literature. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients with pre-existing DM in a specialized COVID-19 hospital in Bangladesh. Data from hospital records were analyzed. Among 921 RT-PCR confirmed patients with COVID-19 admitted during the study period, 231 (~25%) patients had pre-existing DM. The overall mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality rate among patients with DM was 11.3% (26/231) and 46.2% (12/26), respectively. The median age of the deceased patients was slightly higher (63.5 vs. 59 years, p 0.21). The most common comorbidity in both groups was hypertension. The clinical features were not significantly different between survived and deceased. However, deceased patients had significantly lower blood oxygen level (85% vs. 93%, p <0.001), and higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (7.9 vs. 4.5, p 0.003) and serum ferritin levels (946.0 vs. 425.0 ng/mL, p 0.03). Glycemic status was poor in both groups. This study would help identify a subgroup of diabetic patients with COVID-19 who are at higher risk of in-hospital death requiring rigorous clinical management.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 39, Number 1, June 2022, pp 1-6
Carvacrol and Cinnamaldehyde as Next Generation Antimicrobial Agents against Foodborne Pathogens: Antibacterial Efficacy and Synergistic Interaction with Nisin
Authors: Mishu Israt Dilruba , Akter Tanzia , Akhter Marufa Zerin , Hoque Md Mahfuzul
Published: January 2023

Foodborne infections cause substantial issues all around the world, hence food safety is a major public health concern. The goal of this research is to provide information to the scientific community on the possible application of two plant essential oil molecules, Carvacrol (CAR) and Cinnamaldehyde (CN), as next-generation antimicrobials in the fight against foodborne pathogens. CAR and CN demonstrated outstanding dose-dependent antibacterial efficacy against 10 foodborne pathogens. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were suitably inhibited by the drugs. Antimicrobial activity of 10% v/v CAR and CN was much higher than that of the conventional antibiotic azithromycin (15g/disc). The study discovered that CAR and CN have very low MIC values (0.08% to 0.31% v/v), indicating that the compounds are efficacious even at very low concentrations. Even at 0.16% concentration, combining CAR and CN with Nisin (a widely available natural preservative) exhibited substantial synergism, with inhibition zones ranging from 8.5- 12.38 mm, decreasing the dose required to produce sufficient antimicrobial action. The findings imply that CAR and CN combined with nisin can be used as a natural antibacterial agent to limit the growth of foodborne pathogens and as a natural food preservative.

Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 39, Number 1, June 2022, pp 7-14
Class 1 Integron gene harbouring multidrug resistant Pseudomonas isolates from clinical specimen
Authors: Deuri Pranab , Bhowmik Anindita , Ahsan Sunjukta
Published: January 2023

Gram-negative Pseudomonas spp. particularly P. aeruginosa is an important pathogen in hospitalized patients, contributing to the morbidity and mortality due to its multiple resistance mechanisms. The present study was undertaken to determine the characteristics of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from pus of patients admitted in a local diagnostic center, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 14 clinical isolates were obtained. Detailed biochemical tests, antibiotic resistance pattern and class 1 integron gene profiling were successfully performed. All isolates (100%) showed resistance against amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, ceftriaxone, kanamycin, nitrofurantoin and rifampicin. About 35% of the isolates (n=5) showed resistance against Amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, azithromycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, co-trimoxazole, ceftriaxone, imipenem, kanamycin, nitrofurantoin and rifampicin. Only 28.5% isolates (n=4) were sensitive to Imipenem. Plasmid was observed in none of the isolates, whereas 50% of the isolates carried Class 1 Integron gene. The presence of mobile genetic element is an added threat as this enables transfer of resistance genes to sensitive isolates. The findings of this study are significant from a public health viewpoint as therapeutic options become restricted.

Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 39, Number 1, June 2022, pp 15-19
Identification and Differentiation of Closely Related Members of Bacillus cereus Group by Multiplex PCR
Authors: Roy Sushmita , Saha Avirup , Khan Shafayet Imtiaze , Hasan Md Mahmud , Karim Muhammad Manjurul , Akhter Marufa Zerin , Hoq Md Mozammel , Khan Shakila Nargis
Published: January 2023

Highly similar genetic and phenotypic traits of at least eight bacterial species forming the ‘Bacillus cereus group’ create their precise identification and differentiation quite difficult. The present study explores the applicability of a previously suggested multiplex-PCR method for the accurate identification of the candidate Bacillus species. Out of the 257 Bacillus isolates collected from soil, 44 were identified as B. thuringiensis and 39 as B. cereus by chromogenic cultural method using Bacillus agar, although few of them shared similar colony characteristics. Identification by the multiplex PCR in a thermo cycler using 5 different sets of primer-pairs, however produced distinct amplification corresponding to the bacterial species. Four of those pairs, named BMSH, BCJH, BTJH and BASH were designed based on gyrB gene that produced amplicons of four different sizes: 604, 475, 299 and 253 bp and were specific for B. mycoides, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, and B. anthracis respectively. The remaining one of the sets was used as an internal control which was a universal primerpair, BCGSH, designed targeting a housekeeping gene, groEL that could produce an amplicon of 400 bp in polymerase chain reactions for all members of the B. cereus group, When probing the chromosomes extracted from 257 Bacillus isolates by multiplex PCR; 48, 39 and 5 were identified as B. thuringiensis, B. cereus, and B. anthracis respectively, however the rest of the isolates did not any amplification. Interestingly, the phylogenetic tree, constructed based on partial sequences of 16S rRNA genes of selected isolates including the reference strain of B. thuringiensis (HD-73, sotto) could not differentiate the species, instead posited those in a single cluster. The multiplex PCR, therefore, proved to be a sensitive and reliable method for the identification of the bacterial candidates of Bacillus cereus group than that of cultural and rRNA gene sequence analyses.

Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 39, Number 1, June 2022, pp 21-29
Metagenomic investigation of bacterial community of arsenic-prone area in the northwest region of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Khondaker Md Jaminur , Diba Farzana , Shuvo Md Sadikur Rahman , Siddique Mohammad Anwar , Hossain M Anwar , Sultana Munawar
Published: January 2023

Metagenomic analysis provides in-depth understanding of microbe mediated Arsenic (As) metabolism. The present study aims atmetagenomic analysis of the distribution, diversity, and abundance of bacteriome in arsenic affected groundwater and surrounding soils collected fromBogra district of Bangladesh. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from two groundwater samples BCW3 andBCW4 (As content10μgL-1 and 500 μgL-1, respectively), and two tube-well surrounding soil samples BSS1 and BCS5 (As content335 μgkg-1 and 492 μgkg-1),where As rich water flows off. Metagenomic analysis of six hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene resulted in a total of 788709 processed sequence reads and 5878 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Bacterial richness, abundance and diversity (alpha and beta) were higher in BCW4 (85 genera) than BCW3 (19 genera) whereas both soil samples exhibited almost similar richness and diversity. Predominant genera in BCW3 were Pseudomonas, Microbacterium, Achromobacterwhereas Acinetobacter, Thiothrix, Stenotrophomonas, Paracoccus, Dechloromonas dominated in BCW4. Soils were co-dominated with more than hundreds of genera with a high relative abundance of Bacillus, Rhodoplanesand Pseudomonas.Metagenomic investigation explored potentialarsenotrophicbacteriome. Exploring microbial community might help to understand the biogeochemistry of As affected groundwater and surrounding soil environment.

Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 39, Number 1, June 2022, pp 31-38
Behavioral, infrastructural and climate change Factors for Rising Diarrhea Episodes in Bangladesh
Authors: Bari Md Latiful , Emon Sharmin Zaman
Published: January 2023

More than 4.5 million people nationwide have experienced diarrhea in the country’s most recent outbreak, which began on March, 2022. About 70% to 80% of patients (of whom 23% had severe diarrhea or cholera) were hospitalized. Several factors were associated with the risk for diarrhea include; unhygienic and unsafe environment, age, low educational status of mothers, employment status, family size, income, poor handling of drinking water at household level, place of residence, unhygienic disposal method of feces and wastes, lack of personal hygiene and lack of access to sanitation facilities. In addition, etiology, influence of climate and geographical location, diagnosis capability, hygiene education, and infrastructure are strongly linked to the high frequency of diarrhea and play a crucial role in efficiently managing diarrhea. We observed that a significant proportion of people with diarrheal illnesses continue to seek care from unqualified healthcare practitioners since inaccessibility from professional healthcare providers. Dissemination of information on health education, increasing the supply of skilled healthcare providers, and low-cost and quality healthcare services may encourage more people to seek care from professional healthcare providers, thus may help reducing mortality in the country. In conclusion, the policy mechanisms to increase systems’ resilience, some engineering approaches include source, treatment, distribution, and point-of-use control measures could be implemented to manage microorganism proliferation in drinking water.

Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 39, Number 1, June 2022, pp 39-45
UV-VIS spectrophotometric-assisted chemometric calibration models for simultaneous determination of thiamine and pyridoxine vitamins in powdered infant formula
Authors: Kürşat Demirkaya Alper , Demirkaya Miloglu Fatma , Senol Onur
Published: January 2023

Thiamine and pyridoxine, which are hydrophilic B vitamins, are compounds that play an important role in many biochemical events for the health of infants and adults. Recently, because of the complexity of food and pharmaceutical composition, chemometric models are preferred to obtain relevant information from multivariate measured data. The aim of this study was to determine the simultaneous quantitative analysis of thiamine and pyridoxine in powdered infant formula and pharmaceutical formulations by the UV-visible spectrophotometric method coupled with chemometric calibration models (partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR)). These vitamins were extracted by addition of trichloroacetic acid (precipitation of proteins) after samples of powdered infant formula was dissolved in Milli-Q water. Factorial design was used to prepare the calibration (25 samples) and validation (8 samples) sets containing mixture of thiamine and pyridoxine within their linear range (2.5-25 μg/mL). Spectra of obtained mixtures and samples were recorded between wavelengths of 200-360 nm with the intervals Δλ=1 nm. In regression models created by using PLS and PCR algorithm, the results had acceptable recovery 98.14% for both compounds. These chemometric models predict the quantification of both, thiamine and pyridoxine in powdered infant formula samples via interpreting the UV-Vis spectrum. The average thiamine and pyridoxine contents of powdered infant formula samples were found to be 5.02±0.065 μg/g and 4.32±0.086 μg/g for PLS model and 4.98±0.078 μg/g and 4.03±0.091 μg/g for PCR model, respectively.
Sentidos Urbanos: Encuentro de Diseño Arquitectura y Arte 2018
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Cordero-Salcedo Manuela , Hermida-Palacios Carla ,   Universidad del Azuay
Published: January 2023

Entendiendo por espacio público, aquel que nos pertenece a todos los ciudadanos, y que se debería utilizar sin ningún tipo de “derecho de admisión”; que no solo se conforma por plazas, parques, vías, veredas, márgenes de ríos, sino también por edificios públicos para la administración, la educación y la cultura; aquellos que la ciudad genera para el servicio, la atención y el encuentro entre los ciudadanos. Es por ello que el diseño y el arte cobran vital importancia, como expresiones que configuran la ciudad, entre sus roles debe estar el de garantizar no solo la existencia sino la calidad del espacio público, calidad que en última instancia será la que genere seguridad y vitalidad. Sentidos Urbanos, se constituyó así, en un espacio académico para valorar la com- plejidad de los campos disciplinares del Diseño, el Arte y la Arquitectura en reflexiones y debates que permitan construir el sentido de nuestra práctica proyectual para el encuentro con los otros, en ese organismo vivo al que llamamos ciudad, y al que debemos pensarlo como un espacio más amigable para vivir, más sostenible, más justo y más equitativo. 81 páginas ISBN: 978-9942-778-72-7 e-ISBN: 978-9942-778-73-4