bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bazylika Grobu Pańskiego i powstanie kompleksu Haram al-Sharif w Jerozolimie
Authors: Paczkowski Mieczysław Celestyn
Published: September 2021

W IV wieku Jerozolima stała się miastem chrześcijańskim. Cesarz Konstantyn zbudował wspaniały kompleks Grobu Pańskiego. Na tamto miejsce zostały przeniesione wszystkie prerogatywy dawnej świątyni żydowskiej. Po zniszczeniach dokonanych przez Persów (614 r.), patriarcha Modest tylko w części mógł odbudować i odnowić tę wspaniałą świątynię. Jej opis przekazał nam Arkulf, który oglądał w 670 r. pozostałości struktur z poprzedniego okresu. W 638 r. święte miasto zostało zajęte przez kalifa Omara. W ten sposób rozpoczęła się sakralizacja Jerozolimy w tradycji islamskiej. Dla muzułmanów Jerozolima była pierwszą qibla, czyli wyznaczała kierunek modlitwy. To także miasto, do którego Mahomet odbył swoją cudowną, nocną podróż. Z tego powodu Jerozolima stała się trzecim świętym miejscem islamu, po Mekce i Medynie. Kalif Abd al-Malek (685-705) wzniósł w Jerozolimie muzułmańskie sanktuarium, rywalizujące z Mekką. Podobieństwo planu architektonicznego Haram al-Sharif i kompleksu konstantyńskiego bazyliki Grobu Pańskiego jest ewidentne. Przede wszystkim chodzi o oś, na której wzniesiono Kopułę Skały i meczet Al-Aksa. Te budowle były niejako przeciwstawione Anastazis i Martyrium konstantyńskiemu. Pod względem architektonicznym meczet Kopuły Skały jest budowlą o charakterze memoriału, tak jak rotunda Anastazis. Z kolei meczet al Aksa i Martyrium to miejsca zgromadzeń i sprawowania kultu.
ANÁLISIS DE PRÁCTICAS PERFORMATIVAS Y FARMACOPORNOGRÁFICAS EN LOS RELATOS AUTOBIOGRÁFICOS DE UN SUJETO/CUERPO EN MUTACIÓN.
Authors: Mancilla Ivaca Nastassja
Published: September 2021

Se analiza en el contexto de la sociedad heteronormativa chilena, desde los postulados de Judith Butler (2007) y Beatriz Preciado (2008), las prácticas performativas y farmacopornográficas en los relatos autobiográficos publicados a modo de diario de vida online de una mujer transexual. Se propone que, las prácticas analizadas son respuestas a procesos de subjetivación de un sujeto/cuerpo en mutación.
RITUALES DE MACHI Y SUBVERSIONES DE GÉNERO EN LA POESÍA MAPUCHE ACTUAL.
Authors: Spindola Cardenas Jorge
Published: September 2021

Este artículo indaga desde la diferencia cultural otras ontologías de sexo y género que cuestionan las dicotomías binarias excluyentes de la modernidad eurocentrada, para ello se analizan poemas de Adriana Paredes Pinda (2005), poeta y machi (chamán) del pueblo mapuche-williche, en el sur de Chile. La autora pone en juego prácticas corporales y cognitivas basadas en principios duales y complementarios, propias de un ethos mapuche, que resisten el sistema heteronormativo de género binario excluyente (Judith Butler, 1998; Beatriz Preciado, 2011), liberando producciones de subjetividad (Felix Guattari, 1996) in-validadas históricamente por diversos dispositivos de saber-poder (Foucault, 1998) de la modernidad colonial.
Tools, techniques and sources: searching major bibliographic databases
Authors: Matt Holland , Michelle Dutton , Steve Glover
Published: September 2021

This three-part module covers the tools and techniques of searching and sources for research in paramedicine. Part I covers basic search tools and techniques that are widely used in bibliographic databases such as MEDLINE and CINAHL. Part II looks at sources of research and provides you with an approach to searching that are most likely to lead to a successful outcome for your search. Part III takes you through sources of research you might consider after you have searched established sources. There is guidance on how to approach sources critically to avoid junk or predatory publications.
Pharma distribution challenges after the pandemic
Authors: Timmer Paul
Published: September 2021

Paul Timmer explains how end-to-end supply chain visibility and reverse logistics is helping pharmaceutical companies to reduce wastage and support global strategies for more equitable distribution
Detection of biodiversity local centers and gradients of change of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) in East Asia
Authors: GRICHANOV IGOR , CHURSINA MARIYA , WANG MENGQING
Published: September 2021

The dolichopodid fauna of continental Chinese and Russian regions belonging to the East Palaearctic have been selected for a comparative diversity investigation. We gathered information about 654 species of long-legged flies in the studied areas. Regarding the total species number, Primorsky Kray and Republic of Sakha in Russia, Henan and Shaanxi in China, as well as Mongolia are the top five regions, each with more than 100 species known. Cluster analysis of the dolichopodid genera composition allows us to divide all studied territories into two groups: Group A is mixed, since it includes both the Russian regions and the Chinese provinces; Group B includes only Russian regions. Generally, the mathematical analysis of the dolichopodid species supports the uniqueness of Primorsky Kray as the biodiversity center in East Asian Palaearctic. A decrease in the number of known species and biodiversity indices is observed northward, southward and westward of Primorsky Kray. One more possible center is located closely to the Oriental provinces of China (Henan and Shaanxi provinces).
L'expansió del regadiu al Pirineu. El canal de l'Olla i Segalers, a Alàs i la Seu d'Urgell (1817-1818)
Authors: Obiols Perearnau Lluís
Published: September 2021

La plana de l’Urgellet, centrada per la ciutat de la Seu d’Urgell, és una remarcable extensió de terra de conreu enmig del Pirineu, a l’aiguabarreig dels rius Segre i Valira. La seva producció agrària havia estat condicionada històricament per la meteorologia fins que, a partir del final del segle xviii, la xarxa de petits recs documentats des de l’edat mitjana es va ampliar i complementar amb grans canals de regadiu. Les disposicions legals van afavorir aquesta dinàmica, a través de la qual, durant tot el segle xix, gran part de la plana va ser convertida en irrigable gràcies a la construcció de nombrosos canals, entre els quals destaca el de l’Olla i Segalers, els anys 1817 i 1818.
Famílies pageses, elits rurals i remença a Catalunya. El cas de Mollet del Vallès
Authors: Vilaginés Segura Jaume
Published: September 2021

A partir de l’acta de la reunió dels pagesos remences de Mollet, Gallecs i Parets de l’any 1448 es pot fer una anàlisi del paper de les famílies pageses remences de Mollet en la vida de la localitat abans i després de la trobada. Els pagesos més preeminents de Mollet estaven sotmesos al domini senyorial del bisbe de Mollet des de segles abans, com queda constatat en capbreus dels segles xii i xiii. Les famílies remences que trobem en la reunió de 1448 van formar part del grup de nissagues locals que van controlar el poder a Mollet, van assumir un protagonisme destacat en la formació de l’entitat municipal i van dirigir les institucions locals més enllà de la Sentència Arbitral de Guadalupe.
La sequera de 1817 a Catalunya. Abast i conseqüències socials en un context de postguerra
Authors: Moruno Moyano Carlos
Published: September 2021

El present article pretén aprofundir en l’estudi del Sexenni Absolutista (1814-1820) a Catalunya i analitzar la sequera que hi va haver en aquest període a partir d’un conjunt de fonts documentals i una abundant bibliografia en gran part provinent de la climatologia històrica. Mitjançant l’estudi d’algunes de les principals ciutats de Catalunya —com Barcelona, Tarragona i Girona— es presenta un període d’eucaristia de pluges que les mateixes fonts defineixen com el més greu des del 1788. També s’analitza la gestió de les autoritats davant la falta d’aigua i l’arribada a les ciutats d’importants grups de camperols que van abandonar les seves terres i hi van anar en busca de beneficència. Aquest va ser el cas de la regió de l’Urgell, que, com veurem, va ser una de les més castigades durant aquest període, en el qual es van succeir sequeres i males collites que van acabar desencadenant una crisi de subsistència que tingué importants expressions al llarg de l’any 1817.
Bubble optics: upward emerging ray paths
Authors: Selmke Markus , Lock James A.
Published: September 2021

Light scattered by floating bubbles is a fascinating everyday phenomenon and a relevant issue for climate science and remote sensing. Here, we discuss light scattering in the upward hemisphere in the geometrical optics (GO) approximation for plane wave incidence with various inclinations on isolated floating bubbles of various sizes, using numerical and analytical caustic theory methods. We identify and discuss the relevant ray paths and explain the caustic evolution observed on a screen placed close to and above a large bubble.
Spectral reduction model for an echelle spectrometer based on a digital micromirror device and photomultiplier
Authors: Li Yingchao , Jiang Wenyu , Li Chunsheng , Ma Zhenyu , Yang Yuqing , Tian Di
Published: September 2021

For an echelle spectrometer based on a digital micromirror device and photomultiplier, a lens group is placed in front of the digital micromirror device and used to converge the two-dimensional spectrum and correct aberration. The matching spectral reduction model is deduced by establishing the mathematical models of the imaging mirror and lens group. According to the known wavelength and corresponding coordinates, the refractive index of the prism is fitted, and the spectrum is divided into three parts to calibrate. Experimental results of a mercury lamp show that the maximum deviations of

x

and

y

coordinates are 3.4 pixels and 2.3 pixels in the corrected spectral reduction model. The deviations are in the range of the errors permitted, which means the extraction of order and wavelength satisfy the requirement of the spectrometer.
Isotope selective three-step photoionization of 176Yb
Authors: Suryanarayana M. V. , Sankari M.
Published: September 2021

Atomic vapor laser isotope separation of

176

Y
b

has been investigated through the density matrix analysis of laser–atom interactions in a three-step photoionization process. For the first time, to our knowledge, the method has been applied for both odd and even isotopes of Yb. The effects of peak power densities of the lasers, bandwidth of the excitation lasers, angular divergence, and number density of the atoms on the degree of enrichment have been studied. Peak power densities of the first, second, and third excitation lasers of 20, 20, and

40
,

000

W

/

c
m

2

, respectively, and full angle divergence of the atomic beam of 120° were found to be optimum for the isotope separation of

176

Y
b

. The effects of resonant charge exchange collisions and atomic number densities on the degree of enrichment and production rates have also been studied. It has also been observed that the atomic number densities in the laser–atom interaction region should be limited to

1

×

1

0

12

a
t
o
m
s

/

c
m

3

to obtain

∼

90

%

degree of enrichment of the

176

Y
b

isotope. At higher number densities of

1

×

1

0

13

a
t
o
m
s

/

c
m

3

, the degree of enrichment decreases to 43.9%. The optimum range of bandwidths of excitation lasers is found be 90–120 MHz. At optimum conditions, the computed production rate of 22 mg/h is in good agreement with the previously reported value of 20 mg/h.
Infective prey leads to a partial role reversal in a predator-prey interaction
Authors: Kaitala Veijo , Koivu-Jolma Mikko , Laakso Jouni
Published: September 2021

An infective prey has the potential to infect, kill and consume its predator. Such a prey-predator relationship fundamentally differs from the predator-prey interaction because the prey can directly profit from the predator as a growth resource. Here we present a population dynamics model of partial role reversal in the predator-prey interaction of two species, the bottom dwelling marine deposit feeder sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and an important food source for the sea cucumber but potentially infective bacterium Vibrio splendidus. We analyse the effects of different parameters, e.g. infectivity and grazing rate, on the population sizes. We show that relative population sizes of the sea cucumber and V. Splendidus may switch with increasing infectivity. We also show that in the partial role reversal interaction the infective prey may benefit from the presence of the predator such that the population size may exceed the value of the carrying capacity of the prey in the absence of the predator. We also analysed the conditions for species extinction. The extinction of the prey, V. splendidus, may occur when its growth rate is low, or in the absence of infectivity. The extinction of the predator, A. japonicus, may follow if either the infectivity of the prey is high or a moderately infective prey is abundant. We conclude that partial role reversal is an undervalued subject in predator-prey studies.
Unprotected water sources and low latrine coverage are contributing factors to persistent hotspots for schistosomiasis in western Kenya
Authors: Musuva Rosemary M. , Odiere Maurice R. , Mwinzi Pauline N. M. , Omondi Isaiah O. , Rawago Fredrick O. , Matendechero Sultani H. , Kittur Nupur , Campbell Carl H. , Colley Daniel G.
Published: September 2021

Background

Evidence indicates that whereas repeated rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) programs have reduced schistosomiasis prevalence to appreciable levels in some communities referred to here as responding villages (R). However, prevalence has remained high or less than anticipated in other areas referred to here as persistent hotspot villages (PHS). Using a cross-sectional quantitative approach, this study investigated the factors associated with sustained high Schistosoma mansoni prevalence in some villages despite repeated high annual treatment coverage in western Kenya.

Method

Water contact sites selected based on observation of points where people consistently go to collect water, wash clothes, bathe, swim or play (young children), wash cars and harvest sand were mapped using hand-held smart phones on the Commcare platform. Quantitative cross-sectional surveys on behavioral characteristics were conducted using interviewer-based semi-structured questionnaires administered to assess water usage/contact patterns and open defecation. Questionnaires were administered to 15 households per village, 50 pupils per school and 1 head teacher per school. One stool and urine sample was collected from 50 school children aged 9–12 year old and 50 adults from both responding (R) and persistent hotspot (PHS) villages. Stool was analyzed by the Kato-Katz method for eggs of S. mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths. Urine samples were tested using the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test for detection of S. mansoni antigen.

Results

There was higher latrine coverage in R (n = 6) relative to PHS villages (n = 6) with only 33% of schools in the PHS villages meeting the WHO threshold for boy: latrine coverage ratio versus 83.3% in R, while no villages met the girl: latrine ratio requirement. A higher proportion of individuals accessed unprotected water sources for both bathing and drinking (68.5% for children and 89% for adults) in PHS relative to R villages. In addition, frequency of accessing water sources was higher in PHS villages, with swimming being the most frequent activity. As expected based upon selection criteria, both prevalence and intensity of S. mansoni were higher in the PHS relative to R villages (prevalence: 43.7% vs 20.2%; P < 0.001; intensity: 73.8 ± 200.6 vs 22.2 ± 96.0, P < 0.0001), respectively.

Conclusion

Unprotected water sources and low latrine coverage are contributing factors to PHS for schistosomiasis in western Kenya. Efforts to increase provision of potable water and improvement in latrine infrastructure is recommended to augment control efforts in the PHS areas.
5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine induces apoptosis and inhibits tumour growth in vivo of FaDu cells, a specific HPVnegative HNSCC cell line
Authors: Miari Reem , Azzam Naiel , Bar-Shalom Rinat , Fares Fuad
Published: September 2021

Head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, resulting in over 600,000 new diagnoses annually. Traditionally, HNCC has been related to tobacco and alcohol exposure; however, over the past decade, a growing number of head and neck cancers are attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-AzaD) was demonstrated as an effective chemotherapeutic agent for acute myelogenous leukaemia. Preclinical data revealed that 5-aza inhibits growth and increases cell death of HPV(+) cancer cells. These effects are associated with reduced expression of HPV genes, stabilization of TP53, and activation of TP53-dependent apoptosis. The aim of the present study is to test the effect of 5-AzaD on growth of human squamous cell carcinoma (FaDu), a HPV(-) and p53 mutated cells, in vitro and in vivo. The effect of 5-AzaD on cell viability, cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis was tested in vitro. The effect of 5-AzaD on tumour growth in vivo was tested using xenograft mice inoculated with FaDu cells. The results indicated that 5-AzaD reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in FaDu cells in vitro. In vivo studies revealed that 5-AzaD suppresses the growth of tumours in xenograft mice inoculated with FaDu cells through inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. These findings may emphasis that 5-AzaD is effective in treatment of HPV(-) HNSCC tumours through TP53 independent pathway. Future studies are needed in order to clarify the molecular mechanism of action of 5-AzaD in HPV(-) cancer cells.
COVID-19 mortality with regard to healthcare services availability, health risks, and socio-spatial factors at department level in France: A spatial cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Tchicaya Anastase , Lorentz Nathalie , Leduc Kristell , de Lanchy Gaetan
Published: September 2021

Background

The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and quickly spread to the rest of the world. This study aimed to analyse the associations between the COVID-19 mortality rate in hospitals, the availability of health services, and socio-spatial and health risk factors at department level.

Methods and findings

This spatial cross-sectional study used cumulative mortality data due to the COVID-19 pandemic in hospitals until 30 November 2020 as a main outcome, across 96 departments of mainland France. Data concerning health services, health risk factors, and socio-spatial factors were used as independent variables. Independently, we performed negative binomial, spatial and geographically weighted regression models. Our results revealed substantial geographic disparities. The spatial exploratory analysis showed a global positive spatial autocorrelation in each wave indicating a spatial dependence of the COVID-19 deaths across departments. In first wave about 75% of COVID-19 deaths were concentrated in departments of five regions compared to a total of 13 regions. The COVID-19 mortality rate was associated with the physicians density, and not the number of resuscitation beds. Socio-spatial factors were only associated with the COVID-19 mortality rate in first wave compared to wave 2. For example, the COVID-19 mortality rate increased by 35.69% for departments densely populated. Health risk factors were associated with the COVID-19 mortality rate depending on each wave. This study had inherent limitations to the ecological analysis as ecological bias risks and lack of individual data.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has spread more rapidly and takes more severe forms in environments where there is already a high level of vulnerability due to social and health factors. This study showed a different dissemination pattern of COVID-19 mortality between the two waves: a spatial non-stationarity followed by a spatial stationarity in the relationships between the COVID-19 mortality rate and its potential drivers.
Polygenetic risk scores do not add predictive power to clinical models for response to anti-TNFα therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Karmi Naomi , Bangma Amber , Spekhorst Lieke M. , van Dullemen Hendrik M. , Visschedijk Marijn C. , Dijkstra Gerard , Weersma Rinse K. , Voskuil Michiel D. , Festen Eleonora A. M.
Published: September 2021

Background

Anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) therapy is widely used in the management of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, up to a third of patients do not respond to induction therapy and another third of patients lose response over time. To aid patient stratification, polygenetic risk scores have been identified as predictors of response to anti-TNFα therapy. We aimed to replicate the association between polygenetic risk scores and response to anti-TNFα therapy in an independent cohort of patients, to establish its clinical validity.

Materials and methods

Primary non-response, primary response, durable response and loss of response to anti-TNFα therapy was retrospectively assessed for each patient using stringent definitions. Genome wide genotyping was performed and previously described polygenetic risk scores for primary non-response and durable response were calculated. We compared polygenetic risk scores between patients with primary response and primary non-response, and between patients with durable response and loss of response, using separate analyses for CD and UC.

Results

Out of 334 patients with CD, 15 (4%) patients met criteria for primary non-response, 221 (66%) for primary response, 115 (34%) for durable response and 35 (10%) for loss of response. Out of 112 patients with UC, 12 (11%) met criteria for primary non-response, 68 (61%) for primary response, 19 (17%) for durable response and 20 (18%) for loss of response. No significant differences in polygenetic risk scores were found between primary non-responders and primary responders, and between durable responders and loss of responders.

Conclusions

We could not replicate the previously reported association between polygenetic risk scores and response to anti-TNFα therapy in an independent cohort of patients with CD or UC. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to use polygenetic risk scores to predict response to anti-TNFα therapy in patients with IBD.
37 segundos (2020). La asfixia neonatal, el minuto de oro en la reanimación y la hipotermia terapéutica desde el prisma del cine
Authors: Moreno Zaconeta Carlos , Trindade Juliana , Beleza Thaiana
Published: September 2021

El artículo utiliza la película 37 segundos para llamar la atención en relación a un grave problema social que es la asfixia perinatal. Se aborda su prevención durante el acompañamiento prenatal, la importancia del minuto de oro en reanimación neonatal, la hipotermia como forma de prevención de secuela neurológica y el monitoreo con electroencefalograma para el diagnóstico de convulsiones.
Congenital hypopituitarism with monosomy of chromosome 18
Authors: Bolmasova A. V. , Melikyan M. A. , Gadzhieva Z. Sh. , Puchkova A. A. , Degtyareva A. V. , Peterkova V. A.
Published: September 2021

Congenital hypopituitarism is a rare disease. It can be caused by isolated inborn defects of the pituitary, gene mutations (PROP1, PIT1), and chromosomal abnormalities.Deletions of chromosome 18 (De Grouchy syndrome types 1 and 2) are a group of rare genetic diseases with a frequency of 1:50,000. Hypopituitarism in these syndromes is detected in from 13 to 56% of cases and depends on the size and location of the deleted segment.We have described a series of clinical cases of patients with congenital hypopituitarism due to deletions in chromosome 18. All children had a characteristic dysmorphic features and delayed mental and speech development. Within first months of life, patients developed muscular hypotension, dysphagia, and respiratory disorders. The patients had various congenital malformations in combination with hypopituitarism (isolated growth hormone deficiency and multiple pituitaryhormone deficiencies). In the neonatal period, there were the presence of hypoglycemia in combination with cholestasis.Hormone replacement therapy led to rapid relief of symptoms.Сhromosomal microarray analysis in 2 patients allowed us to identify exact location of deleted area and deleted genes and optimize further management for them.
Bradykinin and angiotensin-converting enzyme in serum of patients with diabetic retinopathy and the prognosis of diabetic macular edema development (pilot study)
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Chesnokova N. B. , Kost O. A. , Okhotsimskaya T. D. , Pavlenko T. A. , Beznos O. V. , Binevsky P. V. , Lisovskaya O. A.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a microvascular complication of diabetic retinopathy. One of the key roles in the pathogenesis of DME may belong to the components of rennin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems: bradykinin (Bk) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).PURPOSE. To determine the Bk and ACE concentration and ACE activity in serum of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to estimate the significance of these parameters for the early diagnostic and prognosis of DMO.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Serum was collected from the 2 groups of patients with II type diabetes. Group I (n=9) had DME, group II (n=27) had PDR without DME. Control group (n=14) consisted of adult volonteers without diabetes and ophthalmic diseases. Concentration of Bk and ACE was measured using ELISA kits, ACE activity was determined enzymatically with specific fluorogenic substrate.RESULTS. Concentration of Bk in serum of patients without DME did not differ from one in controls (12,00 (9,70; 12,40) pg/ml) while all patients with DME had Bk level of 14,69 (13,68; 16,78) pg/ml that was significantly higher (p<0,01). In patients without DME ACE concentration (88,60 (77,30; 97,45) ng/ml) and ACE activity (6,8 (5,1;7,1) nmol/min·ml) were higher than normal (p<0,01) while in the case of DME concentration of ACE increased (77,36 (70,24; 86,29 ng/ml, p<0,01) and activity remained normal. The Bk/ACE concentrations ratio decreased in patients without DME and increased in those having DME.CONCLUSION. Patients with DME have increased Bk concentration along with nearly normal ACE concentration that indicate predominance of Bk synthesis over its degradation that may lead to the DME development. The Bk/ACE ratio decrease in patients with uncomplicated PDR and increase significantly in ones with DME. It means that determination of Bk in serum of patients with PDR may be used for the prediction of DME development. The Bk/ACE concentrations ratio may be even more informative.
Review of clinical practice guidelines for hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Kovaleva E. V. , Eremkina A. K. , Krupinova J. A. , Mirnaya S. S. , Kim I. V. , Kuznetzov N. S. , Andreeva E. N. , Karonova T. L. , Kryukova I. V. , Mudunov A. M. , Sleptcov I. V. , Melnichenko G. A. , Mokrysheva N. G. , Dedov I I.
Published: September 2021

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disorder characterized by the absent or inappropriately decreased serum parathyroid hormone in the parathyroid glands, which is accompanied by impaired calcium-phosphorus metabolism.The main etiology of hypoparathyroidism remains damage or removal of the parathyroid glands during neck surgery. In view of the incidence of thyroid cancer, primary hyperparathyroidism and other pathologies of the neck organs, which radical treatment can lead to the parathyroid gland impairment, an increased number of patients with hypoparathyroidism is expected. Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism is the second most common form of the disease, usually occurring as part of type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism usually occurs in childhood and is characterized by a severe course of the disease, especially in the case of concomitant malabsorption syndrome.Chronic hypoparathyroidism of any etiology requires lifelong multicomponent therapy, as well as careful monitoring and an individual approach to choose the optimal treatment strategy. In the absence of adequate follow-up, the risks of long-term complications significantly increase, particularly in the renal, cardiovascular systems; in the soft tissues and in the brain, it could lead to visual disturbances; pathology of the musculoskeletal system with a decreased bone remodeling and a potential risk of fractures, as well as to the neurocognitive disorders and an impaired health-related quality of life.Timely diagnosis, rational medical therapy and management strategy may reduce the risks of short-term and long-term complications, frequency of hospitalizations and disability of patients, as well as improve the prognosis.This review covers the main issues of Russian guidelines for the management of chronic hypoparathyroidism, approved in 2021, including laboratory and instrumental evaluation, treatment approaches and follow-up. This guidelines also include the recommendations for special groups of patients: with acute hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism during pregnancy.
The clinical practice guidelines for primary hyperparathyroidism, short version
Authors: Mokrysheva N. G. , Eremkina A. K. , Mirnaya S. S. , Krupinova J. A. , Voronkova I. A. , Kim I. V. , Beltsevich D. G. , Kuznetzov N. S. , Pigarova E. A. , Rozhinskaya L. Ya. , Degtyarev M. V. , Egshatyan L. V. , Rumiantsev P. A. , Andreeva E. N. , Аntsiferov M. B. , Markina N. V. , Kryukova I. V. , Karonova T. L. , Lukyanov S. V. , Sleptcov I. V. , Chagai N. B. , Melnichenko G. A. , Dedov I. I.
Published: September 2021

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an endocrine disorder of parathyroid glands characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) with an upper normal or elevated blood calcium level. Classical PHPT refers to a symptomatic, multi-system disorder, wich can lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life, disability of patients, and even an increased risk of premature death. Hypercalcemia and the catabolic effect of PTH on various cells are considered as the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the PHPT associated complications. In the last two decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of PHPT, mainly due to the mild forms of the disease, primarily due to the routine calcium screening in North America, Western Europe and, Asia. High prevalence of the disease, as well as the variety of clinical manifestations, cause the attention of different specialists - physicians, rheumatologists, urologists, nephrologists, cardiologists and other doctors. This review cover the main issues of Russian guidelines for the management of PHPT, approved in 2020, including laboratory and instrumental methods, differential diagnosis, surgical and conservative approach, short-term and long-term follow-up. This guidelines also include the recommendations for special groups of patients with hereditary forms of PHPT, parathyroid carcinoma, PHPT during pregnancy.
Ionic liquids as capping agents of silver nanoparticles. Part II: Antimicrobial and cytotoxic study
Authors: Gholami Ahmad , Shams Mahdi Sedigh , Abbaszadegan Abbas , Nabavizadeh Mohammadreza
Published: September 2021

This study was performed to validate the previous antimicrobial and cytotoxic data on the influence of ionic liquids as coatings of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The antibacterial and cytotoxicity assessments were carried out against different microorganisms and a cancerous cell line. AgNPs with two different ionic-liquid coatings and hydrocarbon chains were synthesized and characterized. We tested the antibacterial activity of these NPs against Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans in planktonic forms and against Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli in biofilm forms. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was employed for toxicity evaluation. The antimicrobial activity of NPs with 12 carbons was significantly higher than those with 18 carbons. Furthermore, NPs with 12 carbons were also effective against bacterial biofilms. All of the NPs tested had good cell viability at different antimicrobial concentrations. The length of the hydrocarbon chain is an essential factor in determining the antimicrobial activity of ionic-liquid-coated AgNPs. The variation in ionic-liquid coatings was not as effective as other influencing factors. Evaluation of AgNPs using other alkyl chain lengths to find the optimal size is recommended.
EGFR binding Fc domain-drug conjugates: stable and highly potent cytotoxic molecules mediate selective cell killing
Authors: Jäger Sebastian , Dickgiesser Stephan , Tonillo Jason , Hecht Stefan , Kolmar Harald , Schröter Christian
Published: September 2021

The exposition of cancer cells to cytotoxic doses of payload is fundamental for the therapeutic efficacy of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) in solid cancers. To maximize payload exposure, tissue penetration can be increased by utilizing smaller-sized drug conjugates which distribute deeper into the tumor. Our group recently explored small human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeting Fc antigen binding fragments (Fcabs) for ADC applications in a feasibility study. Here, we expand this concept using epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting Fcabs for the generation of site-specific auristatin-based drug conjugates. In contrast to HER2-targeting Fcabs, we identified novel conjugation sites in the EGFR-targeting Fcab scaffold that allowed for higher DAR enzymatic conjugation. We demonstrate feasibility of resultant EGFR-targeting Fcab-drug conjugates that retain binding to half-life prolonging neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and EGFR and show high serum stability as well as target receptor mediated cell killing at sub-nanomolar concentrations. Our results emphasize the applicability of the Fcab format for the generation of drug conjugates designed for increased penetration of solid tumors and potential FcRn-driven antibody-like pharmacokinetics.
Proving properties of autonomous car manoeuvres in urban traffic
Authors: Schwammberger Maike
Published: September 2021

As automated driving techniques are increasingly capturing the market, it is particularly important to consider vital functional properties of these systems. We present an overview of an approach that uses an abstract model to logically reason about properties of autonomous manoeuvres at intersections in urban traffic. The approach introduces automotive-controlling timed automata crossing controllers that use the traffic logic UMLSL (Urban Multi-lane Spatial Logic) to reason about traffic situations. Safety in the context of collision freedom is mathematically proven. Liveness (something good finally happens) and fairness (no queue-jumping) are examined and verified using a model-checking tool for timed automata, UPPAAL.
Normal subgroups in the group of column-finite infinite matrices
Authors: Hołubowski Waldemar , Maciaszczyk Martyna , Zurek Sebastian
Published: September 2021

The classical result, due to Jordan, Burnside, Dickson, says that every normal subgroup of

GL
⁢

(
n
,
K
)

\mathrm{GL}(n,K)

, where 𝐾 is a field and

n
≥
3

n\geq 3

, which is not contained in the center contains

SL
⁢

(
n
,
K
)

\mathrm{SL}(n,K)

.
Rosenberg described the normal subgroups of

GL
⁢

(
V
)

\mathrm{GL}(V)

, where 𝑉 is a vector space of any infinite cardinality dimension over a division ring.
However, when he considers subgroups of the direct product of the center and the group of linear transformations 𝑔 such that

g
-

id
V

g-\mathrm{id}_{V}

has finite-dimensional range, the proof is incomplete.
We fill this gap for countably dimensional 𝑉 giving description of the lattice of normal subgroups in the group of infinite column-finite matrices indexed by positive integers over any field.
Disinformation under a networked authoritarian state: Saudi trolls’ credibility attacks against Jamal Khashoggi
Authors: Al-Rawi Ahmed
Published: September 2021

This paper deals with a case study that provides unique and original insight into social media credibility attacks against the Saudi journalist and activist, Jamal Khashoggi. To get the data, I searched all the state-run tweets sent by Arab trolls (78,274,588 in total), and I used Cedar, Canada’s supercomputer, to extract all the videos and images associated with references to Khashoggi. In addition, I searched Twitter’s full data archive to cross-examine some of the hashtag campaigns that were launched the day Khashoggi disappeared and afterwards. Finally, I used CrowdTangle to understand whether some of these hashtags were also used on Facebook and Instagram. I present here evidence that just a few hours after Khashoggi’s disappearance in the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul, Saudi trolls started a coordinated disinformation campaign against him to frame him as a terrorist, foreign agent for Qatar and Turkey, liar.... etc. The trolls also emphasized that the whole story of his disappearance and killing is a fabrication or a staged play orchestrated by Turkey and Qatar. The campaign also targeted his fiancée, Hatice Cengiz, alleging she was a spy, while later they cast doubt about her claims. Some of these campaigns were launched a few months after Khashoggi’s death. Theoretically, I argue that state-run disinformation campaigns need to incorporate the dimension of intended effect. In this case study, the goal is to tarnish the reputation and credibility of Khashoggi, even after he died, in an attempt to discredit his claims and political cause, influence different audiences especially the Saudi public, and potentially reduce sympathy towards him.
Selective thinning to enhance soil biodiversity in artificial black pine stands - what happens to mushroom fruiting?
Authors: Salerni Elena , Barbato Debora , Cazau Cecilia , Gardin Lorenzo , Henson Gianni , Leonardi Pamela , Tomao Antonio , Perini Claudia
Published: September 2021

As a man-induced disturbance of forest ecosystems, thinning may affect biodiversity and other related ecological functions including fungal dynamics. In this context, a multidisciplinary EU-Life project was established in 2014 to evaluate the application of selective thinning in two Pinus nigra plantations areas of the Apennines (Monte Amiata and Pratomagno, Tuscany, Italy). Selective thinning had the aim to improve stands stability and growth rates, taking also into account the various components of soil biodiversity (flora, fungi, mesofauna, nematodes, microarthropods and bacteria). Here we present mushroom fruiting patterns previous to treatment in 2014 and the effect following the application of forest management (selective thinning and traditional thinning from below) in 2018. Boxplots were used to graphically represent intra and inter annual variations in species richness and abundance, while Principal Coordinates Analyses and multi-response permutation procedures based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix were applied to evaluate turnover in species composition before the management and after 4 years. A significant reduction of fungal richness and abundance after 4 years thinning impact was lacking in both study areas, testifying a certain degree of resistance and/or resilience of mushroom fruiting to forest management-related anthropogenic disturbance. Considering each study site separately, Monte Amiata and Pratomagno did not show one uniform trend but differed significantly in their response to management: while in Pratomagno relevant inter-annual differences were present only in a few cases, an underlining significant variation both for species richness and abundance was registered in Monte Amiata for all treatment types among years (inter-annual variation) but not within each year (intra-annual variation). Only in Pratomagno turnover in species composition in selective thinning differed somewhat from the traditional treatment in 2018, showing that a process is underlying but still potentially masked by other variables. Due to the nature of macrofungi, a longer study period (more than 4 years post treatment impact) as well as the application of a more intense forest management, could be necessary to highlight and disentangle any possible trends in fungal fruiting in artificial stands
Production of valuable oak wood in Europe
Authors: Spiecker Heinrich
Published: September 2021

Large dimension branch free wood of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and sessile oak (Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) is highly valued, while small sized and low-quality oak timber generate little income. This paper describes how large dimensions of branch free wood can be produced by applying appropriate silvicultural measures. The results are based on measurements of oak trees in various regions in Germany and Denmark. Two management phases are distinguished: In phase 1 pruning is emphasized and at the beginning of phase 2 future crop trees are selected to promote diameter growth of these oak trees. The resulting guidelines provide a quantitative basis for objective-oriented oak management.
Low serum levels of bone turnover markers are associated with perirenal fat thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jia Xiaoxia , An Yaxin , Xu Yuechao , Yang Yuxian , Liu Chang , Zhao Dong , Ke Jing
Published: September 2021

Background

Obesity is known as a common risk factor for osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Perirenal fat, surrounding the kidneys, has been reported to be unique in anatomy and biological functions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between perirenal fat and bone metabolism in patients with T2DM.

Methods

A total of 234 patients with T2DM were recruited from September 2019 to December 2019 in the cross-sectional study. The biochemical parameters and bone turnover markers (BTMs) were determined in all participants. Perirenal fat thickness (PrFT) was performed by ultrasounds via a duplex Doppler apparatus. Associations between PrFT and bone metabolism index were determined via correlation analysis and regression models.

Results

The PrFT was significantly correlated with β-C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (β-CTX) (r = −0.14, P < 0.036), parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (r = −0.18, P ≤ 0.006), and 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) (r = −0.14, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the association of PrFT and β-CTX (β = −0.136, P = 0.042) was independent of other variables.

Conclusion

This study showed a negative and independent association between PrFT and β-CTX in subjects with T2DM, suggesting a possible role of PrFT in bone metabolism. Follow-up studies and further research are necessary to validate the associations and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Por uma ética do encontro
Authors: Souza José Neivaldo de
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é trazer uma reflexão considerando o encontro como um pressuposto fundamental na formação ética do cristão. Para tanto, é preciso diferenciar os conceitos “Pessoa” e “indivíduo” passo importante para pensar as relações do encontro. O “eu” enquanto pessoa, difere-se do indivíduo, na medida em que é capaz de se dividir e dialogar com o outro: Deus, si mesmo, semelhante e natureza. Como pensar uma ética que inclua o encontro como lugar do diálogo e da construção de uma sociedade mais justa e fraterna? Eis a pergunta que norteará este artigo. É preciso formar uma consciência cristã, mais crítica, em diálogo com a realidade individualista e egocêntrica na qual nos encontramos. O método utilizado considera a observação sobre as dificuldades do encontro; a orientação bíblico-teológica como luzes a iluminar o encontro e a busca de atitudes essenciais para o bom relacionamento e do bem-viver. São diversas as referências, porém procuramos aquelas mais ligadas ao pensamento personalista cristão e que tratam de abordar a pessoa como ser de encontro e diálogo.
Psychological and Pedagogical Components of the Readiness of Children with Hearing Impairments to Learn in the Context of Updated Content of Education
Authors: Sivinskiy Alexey M. , Sadykova Aigul K. , Kulambayeva Kambat K. , Zhamankarin Maxut M. , Kukubayeva Assiya H. , Kosherbayeva Aigerim N.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. А new model of education introduced in general education schools of the Republic of Kazakhstan, is characterized by a criterion system for assessing the student’s knowledge (involving the student, his self-esteem), stimulating the student’s activity in obtaining knowledge and communication skills. These processes can be challenging for children with hearing impairment. The issue of the psychological and pedagogical readiness of students with hearing impairments to switch to new curricula is examined in this study using the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Materials and Methods. Pursuant to the objectives of the study, the sample of children with hearing impairments, was formed without exclusion of children with concomitant impairments similar to the structure of this group present in overall population. In the general sample, which includes 138 children and adolescents 10–15 years old who were divided into four experimental and four control groups in accordance with their educational level, the emotional-volitional, intellectual and cognitive characteristics of deaf and hard-of-hearing children and their success in performing tasks in classic and updated programs were studied.
Results.In the children with hearing impairments, visual attention, hearing and speech memory, and conceptual thinking were reduced. The volitional regulation of complex actions and visual memory corresponded to the age norm. Children with hearing impairments performed the educational tasks less well, whereby they performed the tasks of the updated programs significantly more efficiently in comparison to classical tasks. Conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of the updated educational programs for teaching this group of children.
Discussion and Conclusion. Our psychological and pedagogical study of this problem reveals that children with hearing impairments perform better at some tasks compiled in accordance with updated educational programs, indicating their effectiveness for this category of students. At the same time, a decrease in the number of cognitive processes of students in correctional schools with hearing impairments compared to their peers is also shown, namely in visual attention, auditory-speech memory, and thinking with the development of volitional processes corresponding to age. It is necessary to take into account the level of development of these processes in the formation and implementation of training programs.