Clinical and Diagnostic Criteria for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Clinical Observation
Authors:   Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, Burd S.G. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Lebedeva A.V. ,   Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   Research Institute of Health Care Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow City Health Department, Moscow, Russia, Rubleva Yu.V. ,   Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, Efimenko A.P. ,   Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, Bokitko T.A. ,   Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, Pantina N.V. ,   Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, Yurchenko A.V. ,   Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, Bogomazova M.A. ,   Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, Kovaleva I.I. ,   Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, Alekseeva G.A. ,   Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2025

Subject, theme, purpose of the work: one of the most common prion diseases in humans is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). According to the literature, the prevalence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the world is 1-2 cases per 1 million population, however, interest in this disease is steadily growing. There is currently no effective treatment for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The purpose of the work is to highlight the clinical and diagnostic criteria of this rare prion disease to increase awareness among doctors, early detection, search for new diagnostic methods, prevention options and treatment of this disease.
Method or methodology of the work: literature review of clinical and diagnostic criteria of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, including foreign sources and clinical guidelines. The article presents an analysis of our own clinical observation of a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with a characteristic symptom complex, interpretation of examination results (MRI, EEG) and justification of the diagnosis.
Results of the work: systematization of clinical and diagnostic criteria of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with adaptation for use in routine clinical practice.
Scope of application of the results: clinical practice of a neurologist, psychiatrist, therapist, resuscitator, functional diagnostics doctor and radiologist.
Conclusions: prion encephalopathies, due to their rare occurrence and insufficient awareness of doctors, are often hidden under the guise of various neurodegenerative, vascular, autoimmune, infectious and mental diseases. Timely verification of the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease allows to exclude potentially curable neurodegenerative diseases, determine the tactics of patient management and prognosis. Currently, diagnostic criteria have been developed that allow to assume the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a patient with rapidly progressing dementia, based on the clinical picture, MRI and EEG data, without the use of rare specific diagnostic methods. This article presents a description of our own observation of a patient with probable Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.