bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Surgical Site Infection and Factors Associated among Cesarean Deliveries in Selected Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Lijaemiro Hana , Berhe Lemlem Semarya , Tesfaye Deressa Jembere
Published: February 2020

Background. One-third to two-thirds of operated patients in low-income countries acquire surgical site infection, which is nine times higher when compared to high-resource countries. Identifying the incidence and risk factors that contribute to surgical site infection following cesarean delivery is a step ahead for preventing and reducing the problem. Nonetheless, the distribution of the problem in Addis Ababa, where the rate of cesarean delivery is relatively high compared to other parts of the country, is under investigation. Objective. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of surgical site infection among cesarean deliveries and factors associated with it in selected governmental hospitals found in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2019. Method. A hospital-based prospective cohort study design was employed to follow 175 women, who gave birth by cesarean delivery in selected government hospitals in Addis Ababa, from March 11 to April 9, 2019. Convenience sampling method was used to select study units from the randomly selected hospitals. Descriptive statistics were run for determining the rate of cesarean delivery surgical site infection. Presence and degree of association between outcome and independent variables were computed through bivariate logistic regression analysis and factors that had p<0.2 significance level in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were considered in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Result. From 166 participants who completed 30-day follow-up, 25 (15%) of the participants developed surgical site infection. Age, gestational age, duration of operation, and ≥5 vaginal examinations showed a significant association with the outcome variable with AOR (95% CI) of ((AOR = 1.504, 95% CI: (1.170 – 1.933, p=0.001))), ((AOR = 0.019, 95% CI: (0.001 – 0.291, p=0.004))), ((AOR = 1.108, 95% CI: (1.025 – 1.197, p=0.009))), and ((AOR = 13.076, 95% CI: (1.018 – 168.002, p=0.048))), respectively. Conclusion and recommendation. Surgical site infection rate is higher and certain associations lost due to small sample size. Further interventional studies with vast sample size are recommended.
Raman Spectroscopy Reveals That Biochemical Composition of Breast Microcalcifications Correlates with Histopathologic Features
Authors: Vanna Renzo , Morasso Carlo , Marcinnò Beatrice , Piccotti Francesca , Torti Emanuele , Altamura Davide , Albasini Sara , Agozzino Manuela , Villani Laura , Sorrentino Luca , Bunk Oliver , Leporati Francesco , Giannini Cinzia , Corsi Fabio
Published: February 2020

Breast microcalcifications are a common mammographic finding. Microcalcifications are considered suspicious signs of breast cancer and a breast biopsy is required, however, cancer is diagnosed in only a few patients. Reducing unnecessary biopsies and rapid characterization of breast microcalcifications are unmet clinical needs. In this study, 473 microcalcifications detected on breast biopsy specimens from 56 patients were characterized entirely by Raman mapping and confirmed by X-ray scattering. Microcalcifications from malignant samples were generally more homogeneous, more crystalline, and characterized by a less substituted crystal lattice compared with benign samples. There were significant differences in Raman features corresponding to the phosphate and carbonate bands between the benign and malignant groups. In addition to the heterogeneous composition, the presence of whitlockite specifically emerged as marker of benignity in benign microcalcifications. The whole Raman signature of each microcalcification was then used to build a classification model that distinguishes microcalcifications according to their overall biochemical composition. After validation, microcalcifications found in benign and malignant samples were correctly recognized with 93.5% sensitivity and 80.6% specificity. Finally, microcalcifications identified in malignant biopsies, but located outside the lesion, reported malignant features in 65% of in situ and 98% of invasive cancer cases, respectively, suggesting that the local microenvironment influences microcalcification features. This study confirms that the composition and structural features of microcalcifications correlate with breast pathology and indicates new diagnostic potentialities based on microcalcifications assessment.

Significance:

Raman spectroscopy could be a quick and accurate diagnostic tool to precisely characterize and distinguish benign from malignant breast microcalcifications detected on mammography.
Resection of Second, Third, and Fourth Branchial Cleft Anomalies with Recurrent or Repeated Neck Infection Using the Selective Neck Dissection Technique
Authors: Ning Yudong , Li Chao , Wang Xu , Zhu Guiquan , Cai Yongcong , Jang Jian , Sun Ronghao , Liu Dinrong , Sheng JianFeng
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To explore the applied value of the selective neck dissection to treat second, third, and fourth branchial cleft anomalies with recurrent or repeated neck infections. Method: We made a retrospective study about 29 patients with the second, third, and fourth branchial cleft anomalies with recurrent or repeated neck infections who were treated by surgery from 2002 to 2018 in Sichuan Province Cancer Hospital. According to the characteristics of branchial cleft anomaly on embryology and anatomy, different types of selective neck dissection were chosen to remove pathological scar tissue or inflammatory tissue en bloc. Result: Of 29 cases, 28 had primary healing, and 1 had local infection, healing after dressing change for a long time. In 1 case, branchial cleft anomalies adhered to the internal jugular vein, which was ruptured and sutured. During the follow-up time of 12∼195 months with an average of 91.76 months, there were no recurrent cases. Conclusion: The selective neck dissection technique is safe and effective in the treatment of branchial cleft anomalies with recurrent or repeated neck infection.
Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy of 5-Fluorouracil for Patients with Unresectable Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer Refractory to Standard Systemic Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Sato Yozo , Inaba Yoshitaka , Aramaki Takeshi , Sone Miyuki , Morita Yoshitaka , Nishiofuku Hideyuki , Tanaka Toshihiro , Miyazaki Masaya , Matsueda Kiyoshi , Arai Yasuaki
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is a feasible treatment for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) with unresectable liver metastases. Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess HAIC of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in patients with unresectable liver metastases from CRC refractory to standard systemic chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 137 patients (85 men, 52 women; median age, 62 years; with KRAS mutation, n = 57) were recruited from seven institutions from September 2008 to December 2015. These patients were refractory to systemic chemotherapy including three cytotoxic agents (fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan) with two molecular-targeted agents (bevacizumab and epidermal growth factor receptor antibody [cetuximab or panitumumab]). All patients underwent HAIC of continuous 5FU for unresectable liver metastases. Overall survival time, time to treatment failure, objective response rate, disease control rate, and incidence of adverse events to HAIC were assessed retrospectively. Results: The median overall survival time was 4.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0–5.7 months), whereas time to treatment failure was 2.4 months (95% CI, 2.0–2.8 months). The objective overall response rate and disease control rate were 12.4 and 64%, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed in 2.9% of the patients (hyperbilirubinemia in 2, liver abscess in 1, and myelosuppression in 1). Conclusions: There were few incidences of severe adverse events to HAIC of 5FU for liver metastases from CRC refractory to standard systemic chemotherapy. Therefore, it might present as a treatment option as last-line chemotherapy.
Chromosome Painting Does Not Support a Sex Chromosome Turnover in Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: Lisachov Artem P. , Giovannotti Massimo , Pereira Jorge C. , Andreyushkova Daria A. , Romanenko Svetlana A. , Ferguson-Smith Malcolm A. , Borodin Pavel M. , Trifonov Vladimir A.
Published: February 2020

Reptiles show a remarkable diversity of sex determination mechanisms and sex chromosome systems, derived from different autosomal pairs. The origin of the ZW sex chromosomes of Lacerta agilis, a widespread Eurasian lizard species, is a matter of discussion: is it a small macrochromosome from the 11-18 group common to all lacertids, or does this species have a unique ZW pair derived from the large chromosome 5? Using independent molecular cytogenetic methods, we investigated the karyotype of L. agilis exigua from Siberia, Russia, to identify the sex chromosomes. FISH with a flow-sorted chromosome painting probe derived from L. strigata and specific to chromosomes 13, 14, and Z confirmed that the Z chromosome of L. agilis is a small macrochromosome, the same as in L. strigata. FISH with the telomeric probe showed an extensive accumulation of the telomere-like repeat in the W chromosome in agreement with previous studies, excluding the possibility that the lineages of L. agilis studied in different works could have different sex chromosome systems due to a putative intra-species polymorphism. Our results reinforce the idea of the stability of the sex chromosomes and lack of evidence for sex-chromosome turnovers in known species of Lacertidae.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials, Contrasting the Safety Profile between Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Placebo in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Saha Sumanta , Saha Sujata
Published: February 2020

Background: This study aims to contrast the side effects of treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and placebo in insulin-treated adult type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Methods: Double-blinded randomized controlled trials that compare the above outcome were searched in electronic databases. Next, the risk of bias in eligible studies was assessed, and comparable outcomes were compared by a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Seven eligible papers comprising about 3,900 participants were studied. All trials suffered from an unclear risk of detection bias and performance bias. In comparison with the placebo group, the risk of genital infection (RR = 3.22, p < 0.001, 95% CI 2.31–4.49, I2 = 0%) and diabetic ketoacidosis (RR = 2.66, p = 0.002, 95% CI 1.45–4.89, I2 = 0%) was higher in the SGLT2i-treated group. Conclusion: SGLT2i treatment increased the risk of genital infection and diabetic ketoacidosis in adult insulin-treated T1DM patients.
Construção do Nordeste no telejornalismo: um estudo do Jornal Hoje
Authors: Silva Sarah Dantas do Rego , Massuchin Michele Goulart
Published: February 2020

Este artigo traz uma análise sobre como a região Nordeste é enquadrada e representada pelo Jornal Hoje (JH), da Rede Globo. De acordo com a literatura, por muito tempo a região foi caracterizada por diversos estereótipos construídos socialmente e reforçados pelos meios de comunicação. Deste modo, para cumprir com os objetivos propostos e verificar se essa construção a respeito do Nordeste se repete, esta pesquisa utiliza-se da análise de conteúdo, quantitativo e qualitativo. Foram analisadas 75 edições, quantificando 157 matérias sobre ou com menções à região, nos meses de fevereiro, junho e setembro de 2018 de todo o conteúdo do JH. Os principais resultados mostram que há representatividade e visibilidade restrita e a presença de alguns dos estereótipos abordados previamente na literatura acerca do Nordeste, no JH.
O médico e o jornalista: discursos repetidos para construir corpos ativos
Authors: Bertolini Jeferson
Published: February 2020

Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre o discurso em favor da vida em programa de TV sobre saúde e bem-estar. A questão é analisada sob a ótica do biopoder (técnica de poder que busca produzir corpos economicamente ativos). O objetivo do estudo é mostrar que apresentadores e repórteres desses programas amplificam o efeito do biopoder, porque a mensagem relativa ao corpo ativo é, primeiro, dita pelos médicos, operadores do biopoder; e, depois, repetida pelos comunicadores, que costumam ter respaldo popular. A pesquisa articula análise de conteúdo e observação participante. Conclui-se que, ao assumir como seu o discurso médico, o jornalista amplifica o poder da mensagem biopolítica e acaba por colaborar com o projeto do biopoder de construir corpos economicamente ativos.
Papéis discursivos para mulher: uma análise dos casos da revista Veja e do discurso presidencial brasileiro
Authors: Ponsoni Samuel , Costa Júlia Lourenço
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste texto é fazer uma análise teórico-comparativa entre estereótipos de mulher contidos em dois discursos diferentes: 1) a reportagem produzida pela revista Veja acerca de Marcela Temer, em abril de 2016; 2) o pronunciamento de Michel Temer na ocasião do Dia Internacional da Mulher, em março de 2017. Buscamos compreender efeitos de sentido ideológicos que aliam e complementam esses discursos. Partimos do arcabouço teórico da análise do discurso de matriz francesa, relacionando duas noções-conceito – a de pré-construído e a articulação de discursos transversos – aos estereótipos mobilizados, a fim de refletir como os dois discursos, dados em tempos distintos, formam essa correlação discursiva.
O posicionamento do Facebook para a promoção dos Direitos Humanos
Authors: Gomes Alana Carolina , Calonego Renata , Andrelo Roseane
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o posicionamento estratégico on-line das organizações perante a promoção dos direitos humanos por meio da cultura de paz. Para tanto, tem como objeto de estudo a fanpage oficial do Facebook no Brasil. Como metodologia, utilizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica, buscando aprofundamentos em temáticas relacionadas à comunicação das organizações, cultura de paz e direitos humanos. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa da fanpage, de setembro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018 e de janeiro a junho de 2019, permitindo a produção de um estudo comparativo, a partir de categorias pautadas em indicadores da cultura de paz e de direitos humanos. Verificou-se que os posicionamentos organizacionais possibilitam uma via promissora para a promoção dos direitos humanos.
Identidade e Relações Interculturais em Guarani: a viagem como estratégia narrativa
Authors: Lusvarghi Luiza Cristina
Published: February 2020

Este artigo pretende contextualizar os conceitos de interculturalismo, transculturalismo e transnacionalismo em sua representação no cinema, por meio da análise do filme Guaraní, em que Atílio, um velho pescador paraguaio de uma comunidade Guarani, vive às margens do rio Paraná com suas filhas e uma neta, Iara, que ele cria como se fosse um garoto. A notícia de que Helena, mãe de Iara, que deixou seu povoado para tentar a sorte na Argentina, está grávida de um varão, faz que ele decida ir até Buenos Aires para convencer a filha a ter seu bebê na terra onde nasceu. Em seu longo trajeto, que se inicia em seu velho barco e termina na estrada de carona, ele leva consigo a neta, Iara. O filme adota uma abordagem semidocumental para narrar os conflitos entre a preservação de tradições indígenas sob um contexto de economia globalizada que cada vez mais sufoca antigas formas de produção, a partir da perspectiva de Atílio, que já não consegue encontrar seu lugar nesta nova realidade, e da jovem protagonista, que consegue transitar entre os dois mundos, mas tem medo de assumir sua vida adulta e ter de deixar suas origens para trás.
Ciência, jornalismo e saúde: a judicialização em pauta
Authors: Mega Helena , Silva André Chaves de Melo
Published: February 2020

Este artigo busca entender de que modo o jornalismo contribui para o debate sobre a judicialização da saúde no Brasil. A análise parte da cobertura jornalística feita pela Folha de S.Paulo (Folha) e O Estado de S. Paulo (Estadão) entre julho e dezembro de 2016. O levantamento mostrou um conjunto de publicações presentes em editorias variadas dentro dos jornais. O destaque é para a Folha, que apresentou maior diversidade de formatos e abordagens. O conteúdo das pautas revelou que ambos os veículos estiveram atentos às discussões sobre a judicialização da saúde no Supremo Tribunal Federal e ao posicionamento de diferentes especialistas sobre a questão, com uma defesa frequente da autoridade emitida pelas entidades científicas brasileiras.
Comparison of Transfemoral Versus Transradial Secondary Access in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Junquera Lucía , Urena Marina , Latib Azeem , Muñoz-Garcia Antonio , Nombela-Franco Luis , Faurie Benjamin , Veiga-Fernandez Gabriela , Alperi Alberto , Serra Vicenç , Regueiro Ander , Fischer Quentin , Himbert Dominique , Mangieri Antonio , Colombo Antonio , Muñoz-García Erika , Vera-Urquiza Rafael , Jiménez-Quevedo Pilar , de la Torre Jose Maria , Pascual Isaac , Garcia del Blanco Bruno , Sabaté Manel , Mohammadi Siamak , Freitas-Ferraz Afonso B. , Guimarães Leonardo , Couture Thomas , Côté Melanie , Rodés-Cabau Josep
Published: February 2020

Background:

Transfemoral approach has been commonly used as secondary access in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Scarce data exist on the use and potential clinical benefits of the transradial approach as secondary access during TAVR procedures. The objective of the study is to determine the occurrence of vascular complications (VC) and clinical outcomes according to secondary access (transfemoral versus transradial) in patients undergoing TAVR.

Methods:

This was a multicenter study including 4949 patients who underwent TAVR (mean age, 81±8 years, mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, 4.9 [3.3–7.5]). Transfemoral and transradial approaches were used as secondary access in 4016 (81.1%) and 933 (18.9%) patients, respectively. The 30-day clinical events (vascular and bleeding complications, stroke, acute kidney injury, and mortality) were evaluated and defined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria. Clinical outcomes were analyzed according to the secondary access (transfemoral versus transradial) in the overall population and in a propensity score-matched population involving 2978 transfemoral and 928 transradial patients.

Results:

Related-access VC occurred in 834 (16.9%) patients (major VC, 5.7%) and were related to the secondary access in 172 (3.5%) patients (major VC, 1.3%). The rate of VC related to the secondary access was higher in the transfemoral group (VC, 4.1% versus 0.9%,
P
<0.001; major VC, 1.6% versus 0%,
P
<0.001). In the propensity score-matched population, VC related to the secondary access remained higher in the transfemoral group (4.7% versus 0.9%,
P
<0.001; major VC, 1.8% versus 0%,
P
<0.001), which also exhibited a higher rate of major/life-threatening bleeding events (1.0% versus 0%,
P
<0.001). Significant differences between secondary access groups were observed regarding the rates of 30-day stroke (transfemoral: 3.1%, transradial: 1.6%;
P
=0.043), acute kidney injury (transfemoral: 9.9%, transradial: 5.7%;
P
<0.001), and mortality (transfemoral: 4.0%, transradial: 2.4%,
P
=0.047).

Conclusions:

The use of transradial approach as secondary access in TAVR procedures was associated with a significant reduction in vascular and bleeding complications and improved 30-day outcomes. Future randomized studies are warranted.
Effect of Hyperoxia on Myocardial Oxygenation and Function in Patients With Stable Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Guensch Dominik P. , Fischer Kady , Yamaji Kyohei , Luescher Silvia , Ueki Yasushi , Jung Bernd , Erdoes Gabor , Gräni Christoph , von Tengg‐Kobligk Hendrik , Räber Lorenz , Eberle Balthasar
Published: February 2020

Background

The impact of hyperoxia, that is, supraphysiological arterial partial pressure of O
2
, on myocardial oxygen balance and function in stable multivessel coronary artery disease (
CAD
) is poorly understood. In this observational study, we assessed myocardial effects of inhalational hyperoxia in patients with
CAD
using a comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance exam.

Methods and Results

Twenty‐five patients with stable
CAD
underwent a contrast‐free cardiovascular magnetic resonance exam in the interval between their index coronary angiography and subsequent revascularization. The cardiovascular magnetic resonance exam involved T1 and T2 mapping for tissue characterization (fibrosis, edema) as well as function imaging, from which strain analysis was derived, and oxygenation‐sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. The latter modalities were both acquired at room air and after breathing pure O
2
by face mask at 10 L/min for 5 minutes. In 14 of the 25
CAD
patients (56%), hyperoxia induced poststenotic myocardial deoxygenation with a subsequent oxygenation discordance across the myocardium. Extent of deoxygenation was correlated to degree of stenosis (
r
=−0.434,
P
=0.033). Hyperoxia‐associated poststenotic deoxygenation was accompanied by ipsiregional reduction of diastolic strain rate (1.39±0.57 versus 1.18±0.65;
P
=0.045) and systolic radial velocity (37.40±17.22 versus 32.88±13.58;
P
=0.038). Increased T2, as well as lower cardiac index, and defined abnormal strain parameters on room air were predictive for hyperoxia‐induced abnormalities (
P
<0.05). Furthermore, in patients with prolonged native T1 (>1220 ms), hyperoxia reduced ejection fraction and peak strain.

Conclusions

Patients with
CAD
and pre‐existent myocardial injury who respond to hyperoxic challenge with strain abnormalities appear susceptible for hyperoxia‐induced regional deoxygenation and deterioration of myocardial function.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02233634.
Sex Differences in Circulating Soluble Urokinase‐Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) Levels and Adverse Outcomes in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mehta Anurag , Desai Shivang R. , Ko Yi‐An , Liu Chang , Dhindsa Devinder S. , Nayak Aditi , Hooda Ananya , Martini Mohamed A. , Ejaz Kiran , Sperling Laurence S. , Reiser Jochen , Hayek Salim S. , Quyyumi Arshed A.
Published: February 2020

Background

Women have higher circulating levels of soluble urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), and elevated suPAR is associated with cardiovascular risk. The independent association of sex with suPAR and the impact of sex on its association with cardiovascular risk are unknown.

Methods and Results

Plasma suPAR was measured using ELISA in 2 cohorts of 666 asymptomatic individuals (49 years, 65% women) and 4184 patients with coronary artery disease (63 years, 37% women). Independent association of sex with suPAR was studied using linear regression models adjusted for demographics, risk factors, and visceral adiposity in asymptomatic participants. Impact of sex on association of suPAR with all‐cause mortality was studied in patients with coronary artery disease using multivariable‐adjusted Cox models. Sex‐specific suPAR cutoffs for predicting all‐cause mortality were calculated. Asymptomatic women had 10% higher suPAR compared with men after adjusting for confounders, and visceral adiposity partly accounted for this association. Over a median follow‐up of 5.2 years, 795 deaths were recorded in patients with coronary artery disease. Log
2
‐transformed suPAR was independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio per 1‐SD 1.72, 95% CI 1.60–1.85) and an interaction with sex was noted (
P
=0.005). Association of suPAR with mortality was slightly weaker in women (hazard ratio 1.61, 95% CI 1.41–1.83) compared with men (hazard ratio 1.83, 95% CI 1.67–2.00). However, using sex‐specific suPAR cut‐offs (4392 pg/mL for women and 3187 pg/mL for men), a similar mortality incidence was observed for both sexes (38.5% and 35.5%, respectively,
P
=0.3).

Conclusions

Women have 10% higher plasma suPAR levels compared with men. Elevated sex‐specific plasma suPAR levels are equally predictive of risk of adverse events in both sexes.
The (Im)Possibility of Empathy in SIGNA's Half the Suffering
Authors: Schütz Theresa , Piggott Jessi
Published: February 2020

SIGNA's performance installation Half the Suffering takes up the currently virulent debate on whether empathy is a panacea for society's woes. Inviting visitors to spend a night in a 12-hour empathy workshop, the performance critiques the history of theatre qua empathy machine, while questioning the altruistic impulse to share someone's pain.
Digital Diaspora
Authors: Dubinsky Itamar
Published: February 2020

This article examines the cyberactivism of Eritrean asylum seekers in Israel. It adopts the concept of digital diasporas to probe the role that the Internet plays for members of the community. Based on interviews with Eritrean asylum seekers in Israel, content analysis of Eritrean websites and other online platforms, as well as government and third-sector reports, the article discusses the potential and limitations of the Internet in promoting the struggle of members of the Eritrean diaspora against dictatorship in their homeland, and in enabling them to deal with hardships in their host country. The research reveals three main uses of the Internet by members of the community: social-cultural uses, consumption of news, and anti-government activism. These uses enable the Eritrean diaspora in Israel to create a political sphere that cannot exist outside the web, maintain the cohesiveness of the community, make informed decisions concerning their future, and preserve individual identities.
The shapes of verbal paradigms in Kiranti languages
Authors: Lahaussois Aimée
Published: February 2020

The Kiranti languages of Eastern Nepal have polypersonal indexation, with two arguments encoded in verb agreement markers. In contemporary descriptions of Kiranti languages (from 1975 on), the tables presenting transitive verb paradigms are arranged according to the same layout, in a matrix format with the different person/number combinations for the agent argument represented in the vertical axis and the patient argument person/number combinations in the horizontal axis. In earlier grammars, however, a number of different formats for representing the combination of two arguments was used. In this article, I shall present the different paradigm formats found in a sampling of grammars of Kiranti languages from 1857 to the present day, with a view to tracing the origins of the current layout, and, in cases where significantly different layouts are encountered, attempting to retrace the model which may have influenced the presentation of the data
Lysimachia porcatisepala, a new species of Lysimachia (Primulaceae) from Chongqing, China

Authors: YI SIRONG
Published: February 2020

Lysimachia porcatisepala (Primulaceae), a new species is s described and illustrated from Chongqing, China. Morphologically, this new species is similar to L. huangsangensis in calyx lobes with crested veins on the abaxial side, but differs from the latter by the whole plant having sparsely white pubescent, stems erect, corymbose inflorescence with 2–10 flowers, calyx lobes with dense light purple marks outside and glabrous inside, and corolla lobes narrowly ovate and the apex obtuse.
Smart Surveillance System Using Computer Vision and Internet of Things
Authors: Hemaanand M. , Sanjay Kumar V. , Karthika R.
Published: February 2020

With the evolution of technology ensuring people for their safety and security all around the time constantly is a big challenge. We propose an advanced technique based on deep learning and artificial intelligence platform that can monitor the people, their homes and their surroundings
providing them a quantifiable increase in security. We have surveillance cameras in our homes for video capture as well as security purposes. Our proposed technique is to detect and classify as well as inform the user if there is any breach in security of the classified object using the cameras
by implementing deep learning techniques and the technology of internet of things. It can serve as a perimeter monitoring and intruder alert system in smart surveillance environment. This paper provides a well-defined structure for live stream data analysis. It overcomes the challenge of static
closed circuit cameras television as it serves as a motion based tracking system and monitors events in real time to ensure activities are limited to specific persons within authorized areas. It has the advantage of creating multiple bounding boxes to track down the objects which could be
any living or non-living thing based on the trained modules. The trespasser or intruder can be efficiently detected using the CCTV camera surveillance which is being supported by the real-time object classifier algorithm at the intermediate module. The proposed method is mainly supported by
the real time object detection and classification which is implemented using Mobile Net and Single shot detector.
Development of Smart Home Using Gesture Recognition for Elderly and Disabled
Authors: Purushothaman Amritha , Palaniswamy Suja
Published: February 2020

Smart home has gained popularity not only as a luxury but also due to the numerous advantages. It is especially useful for senior citizens and children with disabilities. In this work, home automation is achieved using gesture for controlling appliances. Gesture recognition is an area
in which lot of research and innovations are blooming. This paper discusses the development of a wearable device which captures hand gestures. The wearable device uses accelerometer and gyroscopes to sense and capture tilting, rotation and acceleration of the hand movement. Four different
hand gestures are captured using this wearable device and machine learning algorithm namely Support Vector Machine has been used for classification of gestures to control ON/OFF of appliances.
Evaluation of a recombinant bacillus calmette-guérin vaccine expressing P39-L7/L12 of Brucella melitensis: An immunization strategy against brucellosis in BALB/c mice
Authors: Zhou Yumei , Zheng Yuanqiang , Chen Yajing , Li Yajing , Sun Xiaoying , Huo Yujuan , Shi Yanchun
Published: February 2020

Brucellosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by bacteria from the genus Brucella. It has a serious global economic impact, and poses a threat to public health. Ideally, vaccines should exhibit a safe profile as well as enhanced protective efficacy. However, there are no licensed
vaccines available for humans against brucellosis. In this study, for the first time, a recombinant BCG (rBCG) vaccine expressing the P39-L7/12 fusion protein of Brucella melitensis against brucellosis was constructed. The rBCG vaccine elicited strong antigen-specific humoral and T cell-mediated
immunity in vivo. The rBCG vaccine also induced a significant level of protection following challenge with a virulent strain of B. melitensis M28 in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, the protection level induced by the rBCG vaccine was significantly higher than that induced by BCG. Collectively, these
results suggested that rBCG vaccine acted as a suitable vaccine candidate and a new strategy against human brucellosis.
From Diagnosis to Treatment of Pediatric Tuberculosis: Ten Years Experience in a Single Institution
Authors: Mete Yesil Ayse , Yalcin Ebru , Ademhan Turhal Dilber , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Dogru Deniz , Ozcelik Ugur , Kiper Nural
Published: February 2020

Aim and Objectives. To describe the patient characteristics, clinical-epidemiologic-microbiologic profile, and treatment outcomes, and to draw attention to tuberculosis (TB) in Turkey. Methods. A retrospective, descriptive study was undertaken of 93 children aged 0 to 18 years who were admitted to Hacettepe University Pediatric Pulmonology Department for treatment from January 2005 to December 2015. Review of hospital records was performed for all children diagnosed as having TB. Results. Pulmonary TB was detected in 51.6% of the patients, extrapulmonary involvement in 33.3%, and pulmonary TB with extrapulmonary involvement in 15.1%. The history of contact with an adult with TB was found in 29% of cases. The most common extrapulmonary TB was TB lymphadenitis. The most common symptom was cough followed by fever and night sweats. One fifth of the patients had normal physical examinations at the time of diagnosis. One fifth (20.4%) of the patients had culture, 17.2% had polymerase chain reaction, and 15% had acid-resistant bacillus positivity. In 21.4% of patients with culture growth, at least one anti-TB drug resistance was found. The mean duration of treatment of patients treated according to the national guideline was 8.6 months (range = 6-36 months). Recovery was seen in 91.4% of patients. Conclusion. The most important way to prevent childhood TB is to fight adult TB through early diagnosis and effective treatment. The presence of contact history must direct us to search for TB. While evaluating children with persisted nonspecific symptoms, TB must be kept in mind even if physical examinations are normal.
The Role of Methodological Choices in the Effects of Experimental Exposure to Simulated Natural Landscapes on Human Health and Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Browning Matthew H. E. M. , Saeidi-Rizi Fatemeh , McAnirlin Olivia , Yoon Hyunseo , Pei Yue
Published: February 2020

We review the methods and findings of experiments that have examined the effects of exposure to simulated natural landscapes on human health and cognitive performance. Keyword searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science resulted in the inclusion of 175 experiments in 148 research articles. that were published/in press by December 31, 2018. We report how often landscape features and human factors are controlled for within these experiments, thereby—for the first time—recording specifically what elements of “nature” and the built/social environment are used when testing the benefits of green space and blue space exposure. We also document all the simulation methods that are used (e.g., duration, number of exposures, senses engaged, and devices used). Next, to determine what methodological decisions influence study findings, we compare positive versus mixed/null or negative findings across 14 potential moderators. Only study quality and outcome measure influence findings; experiments without control groups or randomized treatments reported more positive findings than expected. Experiments studying perceived restoration also reported more positive findings than expected—remarkably, 95% of such experiments reported simulated nature was indeed restorative. We discuss the possibility that these findings may indicate publication bias in favor of overreporting the salutory impacts of natural landscapes. We conclude our review with a synthesis of best practices for future research studies.
Ecobehavioral Assessment of Paraeducator Behaviors That Support Engagement of Students With Disabilities
Authors: Mason Rose A. , Wills Howard P. , Irvin Dwight , Jia Fan , Kamps Debra M.
Published: February 2020

Due to a shortage of special education teachers and an increase in the number of students with disabilities, the use of paraeducators is common. Paraeducators frequently provide instruction, under the direction of a teacher, to support elementary students with disabilities in elementary school classrooms. However, if and how paraeducators implement foundational instructional strategies is largely unknown (e.g., opportunities to respond [OTR], praise). Likewise, how students with disabilities respond to paraeducators’ instructional behaviors is also unknown. With decades of evidence indicating that contextual factors (e.g., group size, activity type) influence interactions between educators and students, we relied on ecobehavioral assessment to measure paraeducators’ use of core instructional strategies and students’ response in the natural context. Our results indicated a correlation between higher rates of paraeducator-delivered OTRs and praise statements and increased student engagement. Of concern, paraeducators infrequently used core, evidence-based instructional approaches, and students often were not engaged. Findings suggest increased student engagement may depend on professional development efforts aimed at improving paraeducators’ implementation of these essential core strategies.
Students With Learning Disabilities in the Social Studies: A Meta-Analysis of Intervention Research
Authors: Ciullo Stephen , Collins Alyson , Wissinger Daniel R. , McKenna John William , Lo Yu-Ling , Osman David
Published: February 2020

This meta-analysis synthesized over 40 years of research ( k = 42 studies) in the social studies for students with learning disabilities. We analyzed the various mechanisms that researchers have used to improve outcomes in the social studies by conducting a subgroup investigation of interventions targeting the following instructional categories: (a) content acquisition, (b) general literacy in social studies, (c) alternative or digitized text, and (d) historical reasoning. The subgroup meta-analyses resulted in considerable variability across study and intervention components. Meta-analysis robust variance estimation procedures were used to aggregate standardized mean difference effect sizes of treatment and comparison groups. Implications for future research and suggestions for classroom instruction are provided.
Blaming the bureaucrat: does perceived blame risk influence inspectors’ enforcement style?
Authors: Klijn Erik Hans , Eshuis Jasper , Opperhuizen Alette , Boer Noortje de
Published: February 2020

Is there a relation between street-level bureaucrats’ enforcement style and their perception of the risk of getting blamed? This article answers this question on the basis of a survey ( n = 507) among inspectors of the Netherlands Food and Product Safety Authority. We included perceived media attention on their work as a factor that might influence street-level bureaucrats’ perception of blame risk and their enforcement style. Three dimensions of enforcement style were distinguished from earlier research: legal, facilitative and accommodative. We found that when inspectors perceive more blame risk, they employ a slightly less legal style and, instead, employ a more accommodative style. Thus, they act a little less formally and less coercively (i.e. legal) and take greater account of their peers’ opinions (i.e. accommodative). However, perceived media attention did not have a significant influence on enforcement style.

Points for practitioners

1. When inspectors perceive more blame risk, they tend to pay more attention to the opinion of peers (other inspectors, supervisors, etc.). 2. Blame risk does not lead to the use of a more formal inspection style. 3. Media attention does not play an important role in enhancing the blame risk perception of inspectors. 4. This media and blame risk is less important than often found in the case of politicians. This may be connected to the fact that the work of inspectors as street-level bureaucrats is less visible to the wider public (and the media).
Decline in Dental Fluorosis Severity during Adolescence: A Cohort Study
Authors: Curtis A.M. , Levy S.M. , Cavanaugh J.E. , Warren J.J. , Kolker J.L. , Weber-Gasparoni K.
Published: February 2020

Dental fluorosis occurs from overingestion of fluoride during tooth formation. However, there is little evidence in the literature on whether or how fluorosis prevalence and severity change over time after tooth eruption. Permanent dentition dental examinations were conducted at ages 9, 13, 17, and 23 as part of the Iowa Fluoride Study, which has followed a cohort from birth. Fluorosis was assessed using the Fluorosis Risk Index (FRI) and Russell’s criteria for differential diagnosis. Measures of fluorosis severity at the person and tooth level were calculated: second highest FRI score at the person level (the maximum FRI score for each tooth was determined and the tooth with the second highest maximum FRI score was used) and highest FRI score at the tooth level. At both the person and tooth levels, a decline in mild to moderate fluorosis severity was observed across adolescence and young adulthood. Across each pair of adjacent examinations at the person level, for participants with a baseline second highest FRI of 0, most participants stayed at 0 (82% to 91%). Many participants with a baseline second highest FRI of 1 had a follow-up score of 0 (47% to 54%), while about a third had a follow-up score of 1 (34% to 38%), and a lower percentage had an increase to a score of 2 (9% to 15%). For participants with baseline second highest FRI score of 2, between 25% and 44% of participants had follow-up FRI scores each of 0, 1, and 2. Similar patterns were observed at the tooth level. These results were consistent with most of the existing, limited literature. Overall, fluorosis severity, which was initially mild to moderate, tended to decline during adolescence and young adulthood. Additional study of how this trend affects esthetic perceptions of fluorosis is warranted.
Clinical forensic medicine in Eastern Denmark: Organisation and assessments
Authors: Jakobsen Lykke Schrøder , Jacobsen Christina , Lynnerup Niels , Steinmetz Jacob , Banner Jytte
Published: February 2020

Internationally, clinical forensic medicine (CFM) is diverse in content and conduct, and forensic medical methods are not always evidence based. The first step towards evidence-based practice is to achieve a thorough knowledge of international diversity, which necessitates that CFM practitioners provide information about their national practice. This paper’s aim is to describe the organisation of CFM in Denmark, exemplified by the set-up in Eastern Denmark, and the types of assessments performed. In Denmark, forensic medicine is a board-certified specialty under the health authorities, with mandatory qualifications. The Danish Accreditation Fund accredits the Departments of Forensic Medicine as inspection bodies, according to an international European standard that is approved by Danish Standards. Mainly at police request, forensic doctors perform examinations of both victims and suspected perpetrators of perilous crimes. The examinations’ purposes are documentation and assessment of the findings and collection of biological evidence. The clinical forensic examinations do not include any treatment or medical follow-up. Thus, the forensic doctors must be neutral, objective and impartial. The clinical forensic examinations provide documentation of findings and conclusions not otherwise available for the police investigation and legal aftermath. Moreover, the accredited, standardised protocols ensure that the Departments of Forensic Medicine meet their obligations as inspection bodies, thus ensuring public confidence in the departments’ services.
A Look Back: Teacher unions, quality, and professionalism, as seen in Kappan
Authors: Preston Teresa
Published: February 2020

The nature of the teaching profession has been a frequent topic in Phi Delta Kappan. Teresa Preston reviews what Kappan authors have written about the meaning of professionalism in teaching, how teacher unions and collective bargaining have contributed to perceptions of the profession, and how teacher quality has been defined.
First Person: The play is not the thing
Authors: Isaac Donna
Published: February 2020

Donna Isaac and her students were looking forward to a field trip to Minneapolis to see a theatrical production of some of the stories they were studying in class. But that changed when, on the day of the trip, a parade was scheduled to celebrate the Minnesota Twins’ recent World Series win. School was cancelled so students could attend the parade, but it was too late to cancel the trip. Students were disappointed to miss the celebration, and the crowds filled the streets the group was supposed to traverse. Despite the disastrous day, Isaac continues to believe field trips are worth it, even when they don’t go as planned.
On Leadership: Standardized testing: Making the best of it
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: February 2020

The Every Student Succeeds Act, passed by Congress in 2015, was meant to rein in the over-testing of public school students. Since then, however, standardized testing hasn’t eased up much, and it isn’t likely to go away anytime soon, notes PDK’s CEO Joshua P. Starr. As long as our schools are required to administer frequent tests, he argues, school system leaders should use the resulting data as best they can, letting it inform their interactions with community members, parents, educators, students, and colleagues in the central office.
Washington View: Education and presidential politics
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: February 2020

Education issues often get attention during presidential elections, even though education is primarily a state and local issue. Maria Ferguson looks at how the 2020 presidential campaigns have dealt with such education issues as the plight of teachers and the value of charter schools. In many instances, these issues have been controversial, but they don’t generally stay in the spotlight for the entire campaign season.
Indigenous Micropolitics of Reconciliation in Jimaín, Colombia
Authors: Santamaría Angela
Published: February 2020

The Colombian postconflict period requires titanic efforts on the part of the local government of the Arhuaco of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, caught between their own ancestral battles and the demands of central government institutions that may not even reach this region to administer justice and reintegration for territorial peace building. The reintegration of Arhuaco ex-combatants into their home communities has posed one of the greatest challenges. The interaction between Arhuaco justice and the Special Jurisdiction for Peace adopted in March 2017 is crucial for their effective reincorporation. Examination of the experiences of a group of Arhuaco authorities that has succeeded in building peace in a territory plagued by paramilitary and guerrilla violence, the military action of the Colombian government, and the entry of mega-projects into the region reveals the obstacles and the individual and collective development opportunities that have shaped those experiences.

El período posconflicto colombiano requiere esfuerzos titánicos por parte del gobierno local del Arhuaco de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, atrapado entre sus propias batallas ancestrales y las demandas de las instituciones del gobierno central que quizás ni siquiera lleguen a esta región para administrar justicia y reintegración para la construcción de la paz territorial. La reintegración de los excombatientes de Arhuaco en sus comunidades de origen ha planteado uno de los mayores desafíos. La interacción entre la justicia de Arhuaco y la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz adoptada en marzo de 2017 es crucial para su reincorporación efectiva. El examen de las experiencias de un grupo de autoridades de Arhuaco que ha logrado construir la paz en un territorio plagado de violencia paramilitar y guerrillera, la acción militar del gobierno colombiano y la entrada de megaproyectos en la región revela los obstáculos y las oportunidades individuales y colectivos de desarrollo que han dado forma a esas experiencias.