bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positron Lifetime Calculation for Plastic Deformed Nanocrystalline Copper
Authors: Zhou Kai , Zhang Ting
Published: March 2017

Positron lifetime calculation has been performed on a computer-generated nanocrystalline copper with a mean grain size of 9.1 nm during its deformation. For the undeformed and deformed nanocrystalline copper, calculated positron lifetimes are around 157 ps which come from the positron annihilation in the free volume in grain boundaries. Due to the grain-boundary deformation mechanism, no vacancies or vacancy clusters will be induced in grains during the plastic deformation of the nanocrystalline copper, which is different to the deformation of the conventional polycrystal. From this point of view, in-situ positron annihilation measurements can provide important experimental information on the deformation mechanism of nanocrystalline metals.
Comparative Study of Time-Dependent PAES and XPS on a Ni/Pd Surface
Authors: Zimnik Samantha , Piochacz Christian , Vohburger Sebastian , Hugenschmidt Christoph
Published: March 2017

We report on time-dependent Positron annihilation induced Auger Electron Spectroscopy (PAES) study on 0.5 monolayers (ML) Ni on polycrystalline Pd accompanied by complementary X-ray induced Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The normalized PAES spectra showed a significant decrease in the Ni intensity and an increase in the Pd intensity as a function of time. To rule out varying influence on the elements e.g. from surface contaminates due to the residual gas, a time-dependent XPS analysis was performed on pure Ni and Pd as well as to analyze the main contaminants C and O. The O fraction was found to be constant within the measurement time and the time constants for C significantly differ from those of Ni and Pd in the PAES data. Consequently, it was concluded that the PAES data show a superposition of C contamination and structural changes at the surface of Ni/Pd.
Investigation of Hydrogen Sorption-Desorption Processes at Gas-Phase Hydrogenation and Defects Formation in Titanium by Means of Electron-Positron Annihilation Techniques
Authors: Murashkina Tatyana , Laptev Roman S. , Kudiiarov Viktor N. , Gvozdyakov Dmitriy V. , Babihina Maria N.
Published: March 2017

The results of hydrogen sorption and desorption processes investigation at commercially pure titanium alloy during hydrogenation at gas atmosphere are shown in this article. Titanium alloy hydrogenation at temperatures 350, 450 и 550 °С leads to δ-hydrides formation in samples’ volume. Hydrogen sorption rates were calculated on the linear parts of sorption curves and equal to 0.15·10-4 wt%/s at 350 °C, 0.86·10-4 wt%/s at 450 °C, 1.55·10-4 wt%/s at 550 °C. Phase transition in titanium-hydrogen system during thermally stimulated hydrogen desorption investigation by the means of short-wave diffraction of synchrotron radiation shows hydrides dissociation until 520-530 °C. Then α→β transition takes place until 690-720 °C and at this temperatures the phase transformation ends and additional hydrogen desorption peak appears in thermally stimulated hydrogen desorption curve. Defect structure at different hydrogen concentration investigation by the means of electron-positron annihilation techniques shows that hydrogen penetration into titanium leads to crystal lattice expansion. It initiates vacancy-type defects formation which reacts with hydrogen and forms defect-hydrogen complexes.
Parameter-Free Gradient Correction for Positron States in Oxides
Authors: Kuriplach Jan , Barbiellini Bernardo
Published: March 2017

Recently, the theory of gradient-corrected electron-positron correlations in solids was improved and extended in order to avoid the adjustable, empirical parameter α which is now part of theory and a smooth function of the electron density.This new, parameter-free approach is applied to selected oxides in order to discuss their interstitial space morphology reflected by the positron charge distribution. In addition, the positron lifetime and affinity are calculated using a highly precise computational method. An attempt is made to correlate these quantities with the volume of the reduced formula unit.The results for some oxides - such as Li-ion battery cathode materials and high temperature superconductors - are discussed in detail and prospects for future experiments are given.
First-Principles Calculation of Defect Formation and Positron Annihilation States in Bi2Te3
Authors: Zhao Bin , Zhou Bo , Li Chong Yang , Qi Ning , Chen Zhi Quan
Published: March 2017

Defect formation energy in Bi2Te3 thermoelectric material was calculated using a first principles approach based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT). For vacancy-type defect, the Te1 vacancy (VTe1) is the most stable defect with low formation energy in both Bi-rich and Te-rich conditions, which indicates that the Te1 vacancies have higher probability to be formed. For antisite defects, the formation energy of BiTe1 is much lower than that of BiTe2 in Bi-rich condition, while in Te-rich condition it is beneficial for TeBi with lower formation energy. Positron wave function distribution and positron lifetimes of different annihilation states in Bi2Te3 were also calculated using the atomic superposition (ATSUP) method. The positron bulk lifetime in Bi2Te3 is about 231 ps, and for the neutral vacancy-type defects without relaxation, the positron lifetimes of VBi, VTe1 and VTe2 are 275 ps, 295 ps and 269 ps, respectively.
First-Principles Study on Positron States at Li-Adsorbed Al(100) Surfaces: Effect of Electron-Positron Correlation
Authors: Hagiwara Satoshi , Suzuki Yasumitsu , Watanabe Kazuyuki
Published: March 2017

We investigated positron states at Li-adsorbed Al(100) surfaces using \textit{ab-initio} two-component density functional theory. The results thus obtained by using semi-local electron-positron (e-p) correlation functionals with the generalized gradient approximation well reproduce the experimental results, showing that reliable e-p correlation functionals are needed to properly describe the various properties of positron surface state.
CDBTools - Evaluate Positron Annihilation Coincidence Doppler Broadening Spectrum
Authors: Petriska Martin , Sabelová Veronika , Slugeň Vladimir
Published: March 2017

CDBTools is a lightweight and easy to use application designed to provide you with an analysis tool for coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) of the positron annihilation energy spectrum files. This application enables you to analyze the CDB and ratio curves, plots as well as graphs representing the evolution of the orbital electron momentum spectrum. The CDB extraction is provided by selectable filters applied at the diagonal line of the input matrix. To achieve CDB ratio curves with minimal error caused by 511keV peak shift, spectrum curves are recalculated by penalized regression spline.
Study of Position-Sensitive PMTs as Gamma Cameras for 2D-ACAR
Authors: Ceeh Hubert , Engels Ralf , Wesolek Christian , Weber Josef Andreas , Hugenschmidt Christoph
Published: March 2017

We report on an assessment of the position resolving Hamamatsu-R3292 series photo-multiplier tubes with respect to their use for Angular Correlation of Annihilation Radiation (2D-ACAR) spectroscopy. The PMTs were coupled with a segmented scintillator and mounted at the Munich 2D-ACAR spectrometer. A series of measurements were performed in order to determine the energy and position resolution as well as the efficiency of the setup. Although a position resolution of ΔxFWHM=1.98 mm was achieved, further improvements are needed.
Flow Stress Modelling and Microstructure Development during Deformation of Metallic Materials
Authors: Kreyca Johannes , Kozeschnik Ernst
Published: March 2017

A constant strain hardening rate is characteristic for large strain deformation at low temperatures and often observed during wire drawing. This stage of deformation, in the following referred to as stage IV, is determined by the microstructural evolution of dislocation cells. At elevated temperatures, rapid stress saturation is typically reached and no stage IV behavior is observed. This behavior is modelled in the present work, following the concept of state-parameter based plasticity, evolving dislocation density and subgrain formation as functions of strain rate, strain and temperature. It is demonstrated that the temperature dependence of state parameters at different deformation stages is closely related. The present model is compared to a series of compression tests carried out on a Gleeble 1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. EBSD micrographs of the same material reveal the microstructural evolution during plastic deformation. It is shown experimentally that the transition from cell forming behavior to subgrain formation correlates well with the disappearance of stage IV and the overall change in the dominant mechanism for overcoming obstacles. In combination with thermally activated yield stress prediction, this model, recently implemented in the software package MatCalc, offers a powerful tool for flow-curve simulation.
Influence of Cold Working on Mechanical Properties of Al-SiC Composites
Authors: Szczepanik Stefan , Nikiel Piotr , Bednarczyk Piotr
Published: March 2017

The main objective of this research was a study the simultaneous influence of cold working and particle reinforcement on mechanical properties of Al. The model composites were fabricated by cold pressing RAl1 aluminium and 5% and 10% SiC powders and hot extrusion with ratio 3.8 in isothermal conditions at 480°C with 90° die angle to 18 mm diameter. Some specimens were then cold drawn with linear velocity 1 m/min to 16% area reduction, and one specimen in 3 passes to 51% reduction in area. Mechanical properties of the near fully dense composites were determined by axial compression, bend tests and hardness measurement and their microstructures examined, showing near homogenous distribution of SiC particles in the aluminium matrix. The increase in Young’s modulus was from 67 to 74 GPa and to 82 GPa for 5% and 10% reinforcement, respectively. Drawing increased average yield strength from 70 to 100 MPa for Al, and from 74 to 110 MPa and from 80 to 115 MPa, for 5 and 10% reinforcement, respectively. The results indicate that there is a significant increase in E, in accord with the law of mixtures, through incorporation of SiC and a synergistic effect of SiC and plastic deformation during drawing on strength. An attempt is made to identify the various contributions to overall strengthening of Al by considering also Al-8.8Cu-6.3%Si-0.7Mg alloy. It appears that alloying and age-hardening have the greatest effect, but that contributions from hot, warm and cold working are not insignificant. As powder metallurgy processing is an important fabrication method, their incorporation into the processing schedule merits consideration.
On the life of rhinos: Written into the simple stars
Authors: Maritz Patricia G.
Published: March 2017

No abstract available.
The impact of coaching on the emotional and social intelligence competencies of leaders
Authors: Dippenaar Marlene , Schaap Pieter
Published: March 2017

Background: The development of the emotional intelligence of leaders has become an exceptionally popular enterprise. However, the empirical research conducted by practitioners to date does not provide convincing evidence of the effectiveness of emotional intelligence development interventions. Robust and informative research on the effectiveness of coaching to develop the emotional intelligence of leaders is lacking.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine, describe and evaluate the impact of a theoretically substantiated coaching intervention on the emotional and social intelligence competencies of leaders in a financial services company.Setting: The setting of the study is a financial services company in South Africa.Methods: A mixed method approach using a quantitative and qualitative research design was considered appropriate. The quantitative research method consisted of a quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent pre- and post test control group to measure the impact of the coaching intervention on a sample of 30 leaders. The Bar-On EQ-i scale was selected as a reliable and valid measure of emotional and social intelligence competencies. Wilcoxon’s statistic was calculated to determine the statistical significance of score differences between the experimental (N = 30) and control (N = 30) groups. The qualitative research method was comprised of semi-structured interviews with six of the leaders and their supervisors.Results: The statistical results indicated that coaching significantly impacted the emotional and social intelligence competencies of leaders in terms of their overall emotional quotient (EQ), intrapersonal competency, interpersonal skills, stress management, self-regard and empathy. The semi-structured interviews provided rich descriptive themes and evaluations that corroborated the quantitative findings.Conclusion: This research provided convincing empirical evidence of the positive impact of a long-term, spaced and goal-focused coaching intervention on the emotional and social intelligence competencies of leaders in a financial services institution. The finding suggests that a theoretically well substantiated coaching intervention and a robust empirical study can be effective in demonstrating the impact of coaching on the emotional and social intelligence competencies of leaders. However, the implications of the limitations pointed out in this study could have influenced the findings, and future research aimed at improving relevant research models should take these into account.
Uniform scaling limits for ergodic measures
Authors: Fraser Jonathan M. , Pollicott Mark
Published: March 2017

We provide an elementary proof that ergodic measures on one-sided shift spaces are ‘uniformly scaling’ in the following sense: at almost every point the scenery distributions weakly converge to a common distribution on the space of measures. Moreover, we show how the limiting distribution can be expressed in terms of, and derived from, a 'reverse Jacobian’ function associated with the corresponding measure on the space of left infinite sequences. Finally we specialise to the setting of Gibbs measures, discuss some statistical properties, and prove a Central Limit Theorem for ergodic Markov measures.
Логарифм модуля голоморфной функции как миноранта для субгармонической функции. II. Комплексная плоскость
Authors: Baiguskarov Timur Yulaevich , Khabibullin Bulat Nurmievich , Khasanova Albina V
Published: March 2017

Пусть $u\not\equiv-\infty$ - субгармоническая функция на
комплексной плоскости. Устанавливаются необходимые и/или
достаточные условия существования ненулевой целой функции $f$,
для которой модуль произведения каждой ее $k$-й производной,
$k=0,1,…$, на любой многочлен $p$ не больше функции $Ce^u$
на всей комплексной плоскости, где $C$ - постоянная, зависящая
от $k$ и $p$. Полученные результаты существенно усиливают
и развивают ряд результатов Ларса Хeрмандера 1997 г.
Библиография: 11 названий.
О спектральной абсциссе и логарифмической норме
Authors: Perov Anatoliy Ivanovich , Kostrub Irina Dmitrievna
Published: March 2017

В статье излагаются как известные, так и новые свойства
спектральной абсциссы и логарифмической нормы.
В дополнение к известным формулам для нормы матрицы и
ее логарифмической нормы в кубической, октаэдрической,
сферической нормах доказываются различные оценки
для указанных величин в произвольной гeльдеровой норме.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Еще о вложении пространства Соболева для предельного показателя
Authors: Besov Oleg Vladimirovich
Published: March 2017

Устанавливается вложение пространств Соболева $W_p^s(\mathbb{R}^n)$
в пространство локально суммируемых функций нулевой гладкости
типа пространств Лизоркина. Этот результат распространяется
на случай вложения пространств Соболева на нерегулярных областях
$n$-мерного евклидова пространства. Формулировка теоремы зависит
от геометрических параметров области определения функций.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Отсутствие решений некоторых нелинейных неравенств, содержащих нецелые степени оператора Лапласа
Authors: Salieva Olga Alekseevna
Published: March 2017

Получены результаты об отсутствии нетривиальных неотрицательных
решений для нескольких классов нелинейных неравенств в частных
производных, содержащих нецелые степени оператора Лапласа.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Связь распределения Ферми-Дирака с лингвостатистическими распределениями
Authors: Maslov Victor Pavlovich
Published: March 2017

В статье с математической точки зрения рассматриваются аналогии между языком и многочастичными системами в термодинамике.
Делается попытка введения математического аппарата и технических средств статистической физики в лингвистические описания. В частности, к лингвистическим объектам применяются понятия числа степеней свободы, бозе-конденсата, фазового перехода и др.
На основе статистического анализа словаря и лингвостатистических распределений выдвигается гипотеза о фазовом переходе первого рода от семиотической системы высших животных к естественному языку.
Показано, что число слов, имеющих частоту 1 в частотном словаре, равно числу единиц в статистике Ферми-Дирака, а высокая частота встречаемости служебных слов соответствует большому числу частиц в бозе-конденсате при наличии щели в спектре для числа степеней свободы меньше двух.
Высказываемые соображения иллюстрируются языковыми примерами.
Библиография: 26 названий.
Observed versus simulated mountain waves over Scandinavia – improvement of vertical winds, energy and momentum fluxes by enhanced model resolution?
Authors: Wagner Johannes , Dörnbrack Andreas , Rapp Markus , Gisinger Sonja , Ehard Benedikt , Bramberger Martina , Witschas Benjamin , Chouza Fernando , Rahm Stephan , Mallaun Christian , Baumgarten Gerd , Hoor Peter
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Two mountain wave events, which occurred over northern Scandinavia in December 2013 are analysed by means of airborne observations and global and mesoscale numerical simulations with horizontal mesh sizes of 16, 7.2, 2.4 and 0.8 km. During both events westerly cross-mountain flow induced upward-propagating mountain waves with different wave characteristics due to differing atmospheric background conditions. While wave breaking occurred at altitudes between 25 and 30 km during the first event due to weak stratospheric winds, waves propagated to altitudes above 30 km and interfacial waves formed in the troposphere at a stratospheric intrusion layer during the second event. Global and mesoscale simulations with 16 and 7.2 km grid sizes were not able to simulate the amplitudes and wavelengths of the mountain waves correctly due to unresolved mountain peaks. In simulations with 2.4 and 0.8 km horizontal resolution, mountain waves with horizontal wavelengths larger than 15 km were resolved, but exhibited too small amplitudes and too high energy and momentum fluxes. Simulated fluxes could be reduced by either increasing the vertical model grid resolution or by enhancing turbulent diffusion in the model, which is comparable to an improved representation of small-scale nonlinear wave effects.
Effects of ultraviolet radiation on photosynthetic performance and N2 fixation in
Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS 101
Authors: Cai Xiaoni , Hutchins David A. , Fu Feixue , Gao Kunshan
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Biological effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR; 280–400 nm) on marine primary producers are of general concern, as oceanic carbon fixers that contribute to the marine biological CO2 pump are being exposed to increasing UV irradiance due to global change and ozone depletion. We investigated the effects of UV-B (280–320 nm) and UV-A (320–400 nm) on the biogeochemically-critical filamentous marine N2-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium (strain IMS101) using a solar simulator as well as under natural solar radiation. Short exposure to UV-B, UV-A, or integrated total UVR significantly reduced the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) and photosynthetic carbon and N2 fixation rates. Cells acclimated to low light were more sensitive to UV exposure compared to high-light grown ones, which had more UV absorbing compounds, most likely mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). After acclimation under natural sunlight, the specific growth rate was lower (by up to 44 %), MAAs content was higher, and average trichome length was shorter (by up to 22 %) in the full spectrum of solar radiation with UVR, than under a photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) alone treatment (400–700 nm). These results suggest that prior shipboard experiments in UV-opaque containers may have substantially overestimated in-situ nitrogen fixation rates by Trichodesmium, and that natural and anthropogenic elevation of UV radiation intensity could significantly inhibit this vital source of new nitrogen to the current and future oligotrophic oceans.
Effects of mud supply on large-scale estuary morphology and development over centuries to millennia
Authors: Braat Lisanne , van Kessel Thijs , Leuven Jasper R. F. W. , Kleinhans Maarten G.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Alluvial river estuaries consist largely of sand but are typically flanked by mud flats and salt marshes. The analogy with meandering rivers, that are kept narrower than braided rivers by cohesive floodplain formation, raises the question how large-scale estuarine morphology and late Holocene development of estuaries are affected by cohesive sediment. In this study we combine sand and mud transport processes and study their interaction effects on morphologically modelled estuaires on centennial to millennial time-scales. The numerical modelling package Delft3D was applied in 2DH starting from an idealised convergent estuary. The mixed sediment was modelled with an active layer and storage module with fluxes predicted by the Partheniades-Krone relations for mud, and Engelund-Hansen for sand. The model was subjected to a range of idealised boundary conditions of tidal range, river discharge, waves and mud input. The model results show that mud is predominantly stored in mudflats on the side of the estuary. Marine mud supply only influences the mouth of the estuary whereas fluvial mud is distributed along the whole estuary. Coastal waves stir up mud and remove the tendency to form muddy coastlines and the formation of mudflats in the downstream part of the estuary. Widening continues in estuaries with only sand while mud supply leads to a narrower constant width and reduced channel and bar dynamics. This self-confinement eventually leads to a dynamic equilibrium where lateral channel migration and mud flat expansion are on average balanced. However, for higher mud concentrations, higher discharge and low tidal amplitude the estuary narrows and fills to become a tidal delta.
The blueprint of the Amphiesmenoptera – Tarachoptera, a new order of insects from Burmese amber (Insecta, Amphiesmenoptera)
Authors: Mey Wolfram , Wichard Wilfried , Müller Patrick , Wang Bo
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Based on a total of 14 inclusions from Burmese amber the new insect order Tarachoptera is established. The family Tarachocelidae previously described from Burmese amber and then placed in Amphiesmenoptera incertae sedis is assigned to this new order. The genus Kinitocelis gen. nov. is established to accommodate three new fossil species: K. hennigi spec. nov., K. divisinotata spec. nov. and K. brevicostata spec. nov. The new genus differs from Tarachocelis gen. nov. by the absence of androconial scales on the wings and the loss of Cu2 in the forewings. The species are described in detail and the critical characters are illustrated by line drawings and photos. Both males and females were described. The species can be distinguished by traits in the wing venation. The new order Tarachoptera is placed in the superorder Amphiesmenoptera based on the presence of seven amphiesmenopteran apomorphies and nine tarachopteran apomorphies. Apomorphic characters of Trichoptera and Lepidoptera could not be disclosed, which suggests an independent origin and evolution from an amphiesmenopteran ancestor which was not the ancestor of the Trichoptera-Lepidoptera clade. The species of Tarachoptera are tiny insects with a wing span of 2.3–4.5 mm but highly specialized according to their aberrant morphology. Aspects of the presumed life history of the adults were deduced from some of the derived morphological traits that could be interpreted as adaptations to a highly structured micro-environment.
Regional estimation of Curie-point depths and succeeding geothermal parameters from recently acquired high-resolution aeromagnetic data of the entire Bida Basin, north-central Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo Levi I. , Sunday Abayomi J.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. A regional estimation of Curie-point depths (CPDs) and succeeding geothermal gradients and subsurface crustal heat flow has been carried out from the spectral centroid analysis of the recently acquired high-resolution aeromagnetic (HRAM) data of the entire Bida Basin in north-central Nigeria. The HRAM data were divided into 28 overlapping blocks, and each block was analysed to obtain depths to the top, centroid, and bottom of the magnetic sources. The depth values were then used to assess the CPD, geothermal gradient, and subsurface crustal heat flow in the basin. The result shows that the CPD varies between 15.57 and 29.62km with an average of 21.65km, the geothermal gradient varies between 19.58 and 37.25°Ckm−1 with an average of 27.25°Ckm−1, and the crustal heat flow varies between 48.41 and 93.12mWm−2 with an average of 68.80mWm−2. Geodynamic processes are mainly controlled by the thermal structure of the Earth's crust; therefore this study is important for appraisal of the geo-processes, rheology, and understanding of the heat flow variations in the Bida Basin, north-central Nigeria.
Observationally constrained surface mass balance of Larsen C Ice
Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Kuipers Munneke Peter , McGrath Daniel , Medley Brooke , Luckman Adrian , Bevan Suzanne , Kulessa Bernd , Jansen Daniela , Booth Adam , Smeets Paul , Hubbard Bryn , Ashmore David , Van den Broeke Michiel , Sevestre Heidi , Steffen Konrad , Shepherd Andrew , Gourmelen Noel
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Combining several geophysical techniques, we reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of surface mass balance (SMB) over Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS), Antarctic Peninsula. Continuous time series of snow height at five locations allow for multi-year estimates of seasonal and annual SMB over LCIS. There is high interannual variability, with an SMB of 395 ± 61 to 413 ± 42 mm w.e. y−1 in the north and a larger SMB of up to 496 ± 50 mm w.e. y−1 farther south. This difference between north and south is corroborated by winter snow accumulation derived from an airborne radar survey from 2009, which showed an average snow thickness of 0.95 m north of 76° S, and 1.12 m south of 78°. Analysis of ground-penetrating radar from several field campaigns allows for a longer-term perspective of spatial SMB: a particularly strong and coherent reflection horizon below 25–44 m w.e. of ice and firn is observed in radargrams collected across the shelf. We propose that this horizon was formed in a single melt season over the ice shelf. Combining ground and airborne radar with SMB output from a regional climate model confirms that SMB increases from north to south, overprinted by a gradient of increasing SMB to the west. Previous observations show a strong decrease in firn air content toward the west, which we attribute to spatial patterns of melt, refreezing, and densification, rather than SMB.
Effects of Chinese Sport Tourists’ Perceptions toward Service Quality in Jeju Island
Authors: Zeng Shiheng , Chun Sung-Bum , Chiu Weisheng , Park Chanmin , Lee Chul Won
Published: March 2017

Purpose:This study proposed a research model to examine the effect of the service quality of the sport tourism industry on Chinese tourists’ satisfaction and future intention and subjective well-being in Jeju Island. Methodology:Data were recruited from 349 Chinese tourists, who participated in sport activities in Jeju Island. Findings:The findings indicate the physical environment quality and outcome quality have positive influences on tourist satisfaction. Tourist satisfaction significantly and positively influenced tourists’ future behavioral intentions and subjective well-being. All Chinese respondents positively evaluated the service quality in Jeju Island. Value:This study contributes to the understanding of the sports tourism industry targeting Chinese tourists in Jeju Island.
Leveraging Social Media for Development in Organisations
Authors: Sundaram Ajith
Published: March 2017

Marketers must never underestimate an online buyer. If they are assuming that mere marketing efforts from their side will influence a buyer, then they are being uncalculated and ignorant. Potential customers are not isolated people who are glued to their computer systems confused as to what product to buy. Instead they are tech-savvy, socially active, smart buyers who make a detailed analysis about the product they intend to buy online. Therefore, marketers need to re-design their online marketing strategies to suit to the needs of the buyer. The marketing approach should focus on social influence marketing as well.
Program and Performance Budgeting System in Public Sector Organizations: An Analytical Study in Saudi Arabian Context
Authors: Alain Alaa Mohama Malo , Melegy Magdy Melegy Abdul Hakim
Published: March 2017

In order to improve the budget system, a number of approaches and techniques have been adopted in public sector organizations such as Program and Performance Budgeting System (PPBS), Performance Based Budgeting System (PBBS) and Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB). The present study is an extension in the line of very few researches which had been conducted in developing countries in regard to implementation of “One Budgetary Approach” which is known as “Program and Performance Budgeting System PPBS”. The study concentrates its focus on the support which it may find in case of “budgetary format” is adopted by the “Public Sector Organizations” in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study explores several dimensions such as familiarity, acceptability and adoptability of PPBS, “degree of contribution of Accounting System followed by “public sector organizations” to adopt PPBS”, the benefits that might be realized and the obstacles that probably might be faced if this approach of budgeting is adopted by Public Sector Organizations” in Al-Kharj region. The study came up with the following main findings; there is a fair familiarity and understanding of PPBS by financial managers and accountants working in the “public sector organizations”, the accounting system followed by “public sector organizations” contributes to adopt PPBS successfully, there are certain benefits could be obtained while adopting PPBS by public sector organizations, and finally certain obstacles have been discovered which are standing as stumbling-stone to adopt PPBS in “public sector organizations” in Al-Kharj region effectively.
Financial Inclusion in Ethiopia
Authors: Baza Andualem Ufo , Rao K. Sambasiva
Published: March 2017

This paper analyzes the demand and supply side data to show the status of financial inclusion in Ethiopia. Using a set of survey instruments on demand side and data on supply side of financial inclusion, we first analyzed the demand side survey on account, saving, credit, payment, insurance and financial resilience as well as barriers to financial inclusion. Then, we determined and analyzed the supply side of the financial inclusion such as trends in the number of deposit accounts and loan accounts, branch per capita, branch density, ATMs per capita and ATMs density and the retail payment instruments penetration. The analysis of supply side study covered the data for the period from 2006 to 2015. We find that in Ethiopia 33.86 percent of adults has an account at formal financial institution in the year 2016. They use their account to keep money safe, send and receive payments, and to get credit services and foreign exchange services. Using the data on the supply side of financial inclusion in Ethiopia as of December 2015, we find that the branch per capita and branch density of 5.54 and 3.09 respectively. We find that barriers to financial inclusion such as lack of money, distance, fixed cost, and documentations are important obstacles in Ethiopia.
My Pocket Technology: Introducing a Mobile Assisted Inquiry Learning Environment (MAILE) to Promote Inquiries among Secondary Students
Authors: Leelamma Sreelekha , Indira Uma Devi
Published: March 2017

This paper introduces the Mobile Assisted Inquiry Learning Environment (MAILE), an Experimental Instructional Strategy (EIS) which employs an inquiry-based learning approach to guide secondary school students to learn environmental science in an engaging way supported by mobile phones. The students are situated in both the real world and the virtual world to extend their learning experiences. The effectiveness of this innovative approach is determined by comparing the learning effectiveness of an Experimental Group (EG) exposed to the experimental strategy and a Control Group (CG) taught the same content using the pedagogy prescribed by the state curriculum. The results show significant positive results in favor of the EG in multiple dimensions of cognitive learning prescribed by Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge, Comprehension and Application.
Views of Teachers Working in South-East Anatolia Region Regarding Current Problems in Education
Authors: Bagceci Birsen
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the current problems of the teachers working in the provinces of Southeastern Anatolia in Turkey and to list these problems according to their importance. Screening model is used in the study. One open-ended question was asked (identify seven problems related to the education system and order them according to their importance) to 270 teachers working in Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Kahramanmaraş, Mardin, Şırnak and Adıyaman (Southeastern provinces of Turkey). The collected data were analyzed using quantitative research method. Descriptive and chi-square analysis was conducted to create categories and to determine whether there is a significant difference between the gender, seniority and class-branch. Education problems were classified into six categories: Problems related with 1) School’s physical conditions; 2) Teachers; 3) Education system; 4) Educational management, inspection, planning and economy; 5) Education Programs and training; 6) Students-parents. There is no significant difference between these categories expressed by the teachers. There is also no significant difference among the first seven most expressed problems according to gender, class-branch, and teachers’ seniority.
Biorelevant dissolution of candesartan cilexetil
Authors: Gruberová Lucie , Kratochvil Bohumil
Published: March 2017

The choice of an appropriate medium for dissolution tests is an essential step during a dosage form development. The adequate design of dissolution testing enables forecasting in vivo behavior of drug formulation. Biorelevant media were developed for this purpose because dissolution media described in the International Pharmacopoeia are not thoroughly suitable. Therefore, we carried out solubility and dissolution tests in biorelevant media and we compared the results with data measured in compendial dissolution media. A shake-flask method and standard paddle apparatus were used. The concentration was measured by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. An oral solid dosage form with poorly soluble drug candesartan cilexetil was tested. Significant differences in the solubility and dissolution profiles of candesartan cilexetil were observed. The study offers the overview of compendial and biorelevant media simulating fasted state that can be analyzed by a spectrophotometric technique.
Biomembrane mimics and their roles in anti-bacterial drug discovery
Authors: Hu Xiaohui , Tam Kin
Published: March 2017

Cell membrane is at the frontline of the battle between pathogenic microbe and host. A thorough understanding of bacterial membrane is fundamental to tackle infection disease. Membrane mimetic provides a powerful tool for mechanistic interrogation of drug-membrane interaction. Herein, we summarized major features of bacterial and mammalian cell in context of antibacterial therapy. Much details were given to model membranes and their application in mechanistic studies. Current challenge in antibacterial therapy and perspective of membrane mimics in antibacterial drug discovery were also provided.
Use Process Control as the Basis for Efficient Chloramination
Authors: Malkov Vadim B.
Published: March 2017

The most reliable chloramination control method is to monitor the target disinfectant, monochloramine, as well as free and total ammonia. Other water quality parameters, such as free chlorine, may serve an auxiliary role and provide valuable information for process and instrumentation troubleshooting.
Can Your Utility Handle an Emergency Main Replacement?
Authors: Waterhouse Keith B.
Published: March 2017

Replacing water mains usually involves extensive planning. However, the day may come when a water‐main‐break emergency requires your utility to take immediate action. Follow the steps here to be ready for that day.
CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis invalidates a putative cancer dependency targeted in on-going clinical trials
Authors: Lin Ann , Giuliano Christopher J , Sayles Nicole M , Sheltzer Jason M
Published: March 2017

The Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK) has been reported to be a genetic dependency in several cancer types. MELK RNAi and small-molecule inhibitors of MELK block the proliferation of various cancer cell lines, and MELK knockdown has been described as particularly effective against the highly-aggressive basal/triple-negative subtype of breast cancer. Based on these preclinical results, the MELK inhibitor OTS167 is currently being tested as a novel chemotherapy agent in several clinical trials. Here, we report that mutagenizing MELK with CRISPR/Cas9 has no effect on the fitness of basal breast cancer cell lines or cell lines from six other cancer types. Cells that harbor null mutations in MELK exhibit wild-type doubling times, cytokinesis, and anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, MELK-knockout lines remain sensitive to OTS167, suggesting that this drug blocks cell division through an off-target mechanism. In total, our results undermine the rationale for a series of current clinical trials and provide an experimental approach for the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in preclinical target validation that can be broadly applied.
Modulation of Escherichia coli serine acetyltransferase catalytic activity in the cysteine synthase complex
Authors: Benoni Roberto , De Bei Omar , Paredi Gianluca , Hayes Christopher S. , Franko Nina , Mozzarelli Andrea , Bettati Stefano , Campanini Barbara
Published: March 2017

In bacteria and plants, serine acetyltransferase (CysE) and O‐acetylserine sulfhydrylase‐A sulfhydrylase (CysK) collaborate to synthesize l‐Cys from l‐Ser. CysE and CysK bind one another with high affinity to form the cysteine synthase complex (CSC). We demonstrate that bacterial CysE is activated when bound to CysK. CysE activation results from the release of substrate inhibition, with the Ki for l‐Ser increasing from 4 mm for free CysE to 16 mm for the CSC. Feedback inhibition of CysE by l‐Cys is also relieved in the bacterial CSC. These findings suggest that the CysE active site is allosterically altered by CysK to alleviate substrate and feedback inhibition in the context of the CSC.
Novel immunoassays to detect methionine adenosyltransferase activity and quantify S‐adenosylmethionine
Authors: Hao Xiujuan , Zhou Min , Li Huijun , Angres Isaac A.
Published: March 2017

We present a novel real‐time immunoassay to measure methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity that integrates the MAT‐catalyzed reaction of Met and adenosine triphosphate to produce S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) and a highly sensitive immunoassay to specifically quantify SAM simultaneously. The cellular localization of SAM and S‐adenosylhomocysteine varies with cell proliferation status: in normal cells, they are found mostly in the cytoplasm, but localize to the nucleus in proliferating cells. MAT‐I/III activity is stimulated by Met, but inhibited by S‐nitrosoglutathione, and the methylation index (MI) increases after Met stimulation of L02 cells. Met and S‐nitrosoglutathione inhibit MAT‐II activity, and the MI decreases after Met stimulation of HepG2 cells. The method described provides a significant advancement in the field for the measurement of MAT activity under various conditions.
Structure‐dependent effects of amyloid‐β on long‐term memory in Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Ford Lenzie , Crossley Michael , Vadukul Devkee M. , Kemenes György , Serpell Louise C.
Published: March 2017

Amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides are implicated in the causation of memory loss, neuronal impairment, and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Our recent work revealed that Aβ 1–42 and Aβ 25–35 inhibit long‐term memory (LTM) recall in Lymnaea stagnalis (pond snail) in the absence of cell death. Here, we report the characterization of the active species prepared under different conditions, describe which Aβ species is present in brain tissue during the behavioral recall time point and relate the sequence and structure of the oligomeric species to the resulting neuronal properties and effect on LTM. Our results suggest that oligomers are the key toxic Aβ1–42 structures, which likely affect LTM through synaptic plasticity pathways, and that Aβ 1–42 and Aβ 25–35 cannot be used as interchangeable peptides.
Occurrence frequency and location of magnetic islands at the dayside magnetopause
Authors: Vines S. K. , Fuselier S. A. , Petrinec S. M. , Trattner K. J. , Allen R. C.
Published: March 2017

Simulations of magnetic reconnection often predict the formation of magnetic islands forming and propagating out through the reconnection exhaust region. However, to date, only a few observations of magnetic islands at the Earth's magnetopause have been identified and analyzed. Crossings near reconnection sites at the dayside magnetopause by Cluster from 2001 to 2009 are examined in a systematic effort to determine the frequency and location of magnetic islands. Using the maximum magnetic shear model as a guide for the distance to the reconnection site, 47 magnetopause crossings within 3 RE of the predicted reconnection site are examined. The occurrence of island structures in the reconnection exhaust is investigated in the context of how the type of reconnection, antiparallel or component, affects the frequency of formation of the islands. For Cluster magnetopause crossings confirmed to be near reconnection sites, island signatures, primarily bidirectional streaming electrons in the magnetosheath boundary layer, are seen for approximately 85% of the crossings and are common features for both antiparallel and component reconnection.
Physical linkages between an offshore canyon and surf zone morphologic change
Authors: Hansen Jeff E. , Raubenheimer Britt , Elgar Steve , List Jeffrey H. , Lippmann Thomas C.
Published: March 2017

The causes of surf zone morphologic changes observed along a sandy beach onshore of a submarine canyon were investigated using field observations and a numerical model (Delft3D/SWAN). Numerically simulated morphologic changes using four different sediment transport formulae reproduce the temporal and spatial patterns of net cross‐shore integrated (between 0 and 6.5 m water depths) accretion and erosion observed in a ∼300 m alongshore region, a few hundred meters from the canyon head. The observations and simulations indicate that the accretion or erosion results from converging or diverging alongshore currents driven primarily by breaking waves and alongshore pressure gradients. The location of convergence or divergence depends on the direction of the offshore waves that refract over the canyon, suggesting that bathymetric features on the inner shelf can have first‐order effects on short‐term nearshore morphologic change.
Vitamin K Antagonists [BAT Value Documentation, 2012]
Authors: Nasterlack M.
Published: March 2017

The article contains sections titled:

Metabolism and Toxicokinetics

Absorption and distribution

Metabolism and elimination

Critical Toxicity

Exposure and Effects

Relationship between external and internal exposure

Relationship between internal exposure and effects

Selection of Indicators

Methods

Background Exposure

Evaluation

Interpretation
Evaluation of the truebeam machine performance check (MPC) geometric checks for daily IGRT geometric accuracy quality assurance
Authors: Barnes Michael P , Greer Peter B
Published: March 2017

Machine Performance Check (MPC) is an automated and integrated image‐based tool for verification of beam and geometric performance of the TrueBeam linac. The aims of the study were to evaluate the performance of the MPC geometric tests relevant to OBI/CBCT IGRT geometric accuracy. This included evaluation of the MPC isocenter and couch tests. Evaluation was performed by comparing MPC to QA tests performed routinely in the department over a 4‐month period. The MPC isocenter tests were compared against an in‐house developed Winston–Lutz test and the couch compared against routine mechanical QA type procedures. In all cases the results from the routine QA procedure was presented in a form directly comparable to MPC to allow a like‐to‐like comparison. The sensitivity of MPC was also tested by deliberately miscalibrating the appropriate linac parameter. The MPC isocenter size and MPC kV imager offset were found to agree with Winston–Lutz to within 0.2 mm and 0.22 mm, respectively. The MPC couch tests agreed with routine QA to within 0.12 mm and 0.15°. The MPC isocenter size and kV imager offset parameters were found to be affected by a change in beam focal spot position with the kV imager offset more sensitive. The MPC couch tests were all unaffected by an offset in the couch calibration but the three axes that utilized two point calibrations were sensitive to a miscalibration of the size in the span of the calibration. All MPC tests were unaffected by a deliberate misalignment of the MPC phantom and roll of the order of one degree.
Evaluation of Textural Effect on the Rollability of AZ31 Alloys by Wedge‐Shaped Sample Design
Authors: Xin Renlong , Wang Maoyin , Liu Zhe , Chen Xingpin , Huang Guangjie , Liu Qing
Published: March 2017

This paper aims to compare the textural effect on the rollability of Mg alloy sheets at different temperatures. Wedge‐shaped AZ31 alloy plates with two kinds of initial textures are designed and rolled at five different temperatures. Then, the rollability under different conditions can be evaluated by observing the development of edge‐cracks. The results show that the initial texture has little influence on the single‐pass rollability at low temperatures (100 and 150 °C), while the influence is significant for rolling above 150 °C. Schmid factor and in‐grain misorientation axis analyses revealed that the textural effect on the activation of prismatic glide accounted for the observed distinct rollability at elevated temperatures.
Influence of the Specimen Manufacturing Process on the Strength of Carbon‐Bonded Alumina (Al2O3–C)
Authors: Zielke Henry , Schmidt Anne , Abendroth Martin , Kuna Meinhard , Aneziris Christos G.
Published: March 2017

Open cell ceramic foam filters are used for metal melt filtration to reduce non‐metallic inclusions. A new generation of multifunctional filters made of carbon‐bonded alumina is investigated within the Collaborative Research Center CRC 920. These filters have to withstand high thermal and mechanical loads. Motivated by the problem of the filters integrity, a mechanical characterization of the bulk material is necessary. In the Ball On Three Balls Test (B3B) miniaturized disk‐shaped specimens are loaded with a spherically tipped punch until failure occurs. With the help of the measured load displacement curve the fracture stress is calculated and analyzed by means of WEIBULL distribution.