bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accumulation mechanism of metabolites markers identified by machine learning between Qingyuan and Xiushui counties in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua
Authors: Gong Qiqi , Yu Jianfeng , Guo Zhicheng , Fu Ke , Xu Yi , Zou Hui , Li Cong , Si Jinping , Cai Shengguan , Chen Donghong , Han Zhigang
Published: October 2023

Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (P. cyrtonema) is well known for its high medicinal value due to a wide variety of secondary metabolites. Nonetheless, the unclearness persists regarding the distribution and buildup processes of these metabolites across various regions. Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, a grand total of 482 metabolites were detected and identified in this research. Cluster analysis showed distinct metabolite profiles between Qingyuan County and Xiushui County. The identification of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lignans, between the two regions was performed using support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest (RF) machine learning techniques. Subsequently, the process of comparative transcriptomics and weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) uncovered genes associated with flavonoids such as CHI, UGT1, UGT2, ERF, as well as phenylpropane-related genes UGT3 and NAC. In addition, by comparing transcriptomes, four genes (PcOMT10/11/12/13) were selected as differentially expressed. Their impact on metabolic fluxes of the phenolpropane pathway was confirmed using a transient expression system in tobacco. The findings enhanced our comprehension of the variation in accumulation of secondary metabolites mediated by phenylpropanoids across various locations, and offered valuable genetic assets for the synthesis of bioactive compounds.
Tumor-to-Stroma CD8 + T Cells Ratio combined with Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: An Innovative Approach to Predicting Lymph Node Metastases of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Guo Shuangshuang , Chen Peiyu , Yang Yang , Wei Wenfei , Pan YuHua , Zen Fanke , Fan Liangsheng , Wang Wei
Published: October 2023

Purpose
Precise identification of lymph node metastases is vital for the management of cervical cancer. However, the existing diagnostic methods for lymph node metastases have certain drawbacks. In this study, we aim to explore the expression of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-to-stroma CD8+ T cells ratio (CD8+ T cells T:S ratio) and its association with lymph node metastases of cervical cancer.
Methods
110 cervical cancer tissues and 39 biopsy tissues from patients were investigated immunocytochemically for the expression of CAFs and CD8+ T cells. The statistical correlation analysis was carried out using the SPSS system.
Results
A strong and statistically significant negative correlation (r=-0.690; P<0.001) was observed between CAF density and CD8+ T cells T:S ratio. Not only were CAFs density and CD8+ T cells T:S ratio correlated with lymph node metastases respectively (P < 0.001), but the combination of them also significantly correlated with lymph node metastases (P < 0.001). Then, we constructed the combined diagnosis model ( Logit (P) =-4.446 + 0.300×CAFs + 0.752×CD8+ T cells T:S Ratio) of cervical cancer lymph node metastases. ROC curves analysis showed that the ROC curves areas for CAFs, CD8+ T cells T:S ratio, and a combination of both are 0.879, 0.747, and 0.951. Then, the prediction model was verified by biopsy specimens and consistent results were obtained.
Conclusions
The combination of CAF density and CD8+ T cells T:S ratio has a significant predictive value for lymph node metastases in patients with cervical cancer.
Clinical characteristics and survival analysis of HER2 negative breast cancer: AR and negative PD-L1 predict worse pathological complete response rate
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqi , Yang Ciqiu , Chen Yitian , Zhang Junsheng , Li Peiyong , Huang Na , Chen Yilin , Liang Minting , Lv Weiming , Yuan Zhongyu , Li Jie , Wang Kun
Published: October 2023

Background: HER2-low breast cancer has the potential to emerge as a distinct subtype. Several studies have compared differences between HER2-low and HER2-0 breast cancers, but consensus conclusions have not been reached. Furthermore, a biomarker for predicting pathological complete response (pCR) rates in patients with HER2-low breast cancer remains to be discovered.
Method: We collected data of 777 patients from three centers (the Cancer Center of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, the Oncology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University and the Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center), stratifying them into HER2-low and HER2-0 groups. We compared differences in survival and pCR rates between the two groups and investigated potential biomarkers that could serve as reliable predictors of pCR.
Results: The study found higher pCR rates in HER2-0 breast cancers compared to HER2-low tumors (289 patients [30.1%] vs 475 patients [18.1%], p<0.0001). Survival analysis did not show significant advantage for HER2-low tumors over HER2-0 breast cancers. Binary logistic analysis revealed that androgen receptor (AR) expression predicts worse pCR rates in both the overall patient cohort and the HER2-0 breast cancer patient cohort (overall patients: OR: 0.479, 95%CI: (0.250, 0.917), p=0.026; HER2-0 patients: OR: 0.267, 95%CI: (0.080, 0.892), p=0.032). In contrast, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) predicts favorable pCR rates in the overall patient cohort (OR: 3.199, 95%CI: (1.020, 10.037), p=0.046).
Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to classify HER2-low breast cancer as a new subtype. Our study revealed that AR expression, along with negative PD-L1 expression, contributes to poorer pCR outcomes.
The significance of MAPK signaling pathway in the diagnosis and subtype classification of intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Liu Yong , Liu Fei , Chen Xueyan , Chen Jingwen , Zhou Daqian , Mei Yongliang , song Chao , Cheng Kang , Guo Daru , Wei Zhangchao , Liu Zongchao
Published: October 2023

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a human aging disease related mainly to inflammation, cellular senescence, RNA/DNA methylation, and ECM. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is engaged in multiple biological functions by phosphorylating specific serine and threonine residues on target proteins through phosphorylation cascade effects, but the role and specific mechanisms of the MAPK signaling pathway in IDD are still unclear. We obtained 20 MAPK-related differential genes by differential analysis of GSE124272 and GSE150408 derived from the GEO database. To investigate the biological function of this differential gene in humans, we also performed GO and KEGG analyses. We applied PPI networks, LASSO analysis, the RF algorithm, and the SVM-RFE algorithm to identify core MAPK-related genes. We eventually obtained four hub MAPK-related genes, namely KRAS, JUN, and RAP1B, and constructed the ROC curves separately to evaluate the precision of the hub genes. To forecast the prevalence of IDD, a nomogram model was created on our four hub MAPK genes of choice. Based on these 4 hub genes, we classified IDD patients into two MAP clusters by applying the consensus clustering method and identified 1916 DEGs by analyzing the differences between the two clusters. Then, using the same method, we identified two gene clusters based on these DEGs. We used a PCA algorithm to determine the MAPK score for each sample, and in the end, we discovered that MAPK cluster A and gene cluster A had higher scores. We displayed the differing expression levels of four hub MAPK-related genes across the two clusters and their relationship with immune cell infiltration to highlight the distinctions between clusters A and B. In summary, four hub MAPK signaling pathway-related genes, KRAS, JUN, RAP1B, and TNF, could be applied to the diagnosis and subtype classification of IDD and benefit the prevention and treatment of IDD.
Efficient and Sustainable Synthesis of Graphene via Liquid-phase Pulsed Laser Ablation (LP-PLA)
Authors: Abdullah Nor Hapishah , Hamidon Mohd Nizar , Ismail Ismayadi , Bakri Azwan , Hafizi Mohd Ikmal , Mustaffa Muhammad Syazwan , Nabilah Farah
Published: October 2023

Graphene, a 2D hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms, has emerged as a promising material with unparalleled properties. However, prevalent synthesis techniques often impose environmental, temporal, or scalability challenges. In this research, we reported an approach to graphene synthesis using Liquid-phase Pulsed Laser Ablation (LP-PLA) of five diverse carbon-based targets, namely commercial pencil grades (6B and 8B), flexible graphite (FG), commercial graphite rod (GR), and biochar (BC). Our methodology offers a greener, swifter alternative, leveraging minimal chemical precursors, rapid production, and tunable synthesis parameters. Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy consistently revealed the transition from graphite to graphene structures. Specifically, broadened XRD peaks around 2θ = 26.5° and the manifestation of the D, G, and 2D bands in the Raman spectra serve as unequivocal markers of this transition. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) images further validated the layered graphene formations, particularly prominent in 6B, 8B, FG, and GR samples. Collectively, our findings illuminate the potential of LP-PLA as an efficient, eco-friendly avenue for graphene synthesis, emphasizing its versatility across varied graphite sources and laser parameters. This research thus delineates a significant stride towards addressing the contemporary challenges in graphene synthesis and sets the stage for its broader, sustainable applications.
Closed vs. Open Forests: A Comparative study of Soil Properties and Microbial Biomass in Central India's Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Singh Samyak , Dixit Bhavana , Singh Ashish , Chandrakar Shishir , Tamrakar Aakriti
Published: October 2023

Change in forest cover and forest loss greatly impact the physicochemical and microbiological properties of the soil. Mixed Sal forests have a significant impact on soil qualities, favourably affecting the amount of organic matter, the availability of nutrients, and the pH levels. So therefore, our hypothesis was to check the status, seasonal variations and vertical distribution of soil physiochemical and microbial soil properties under closed mixed sal forest (no human activities) and open mixed sal forest (human interferences). The data revealed that closed mixed sal forest were higher (p < 0.05) in soil moisture (41.5%), clay particles (36.5%), soil organic carbon (28.6%), available nitrogen (5%), available phosphorus (25%), available potassium (12%) and SOC stocks (23.5%), respectively over open mixed sal forest. Soil organic carbon stock (SOC stock) ranged 5.7 to 24.5 Mg ha− 1. Closed mixed sal forest had 43% higher SOC stock in the surface soil (D1:0-20cm)), 22–60% in subsurface to deeper soil profile (D2:20-40cm-D5:80-100cm). The SMBC content ranged 12.0 to 591µg C g− 1 irrespective of forest type and seasons. Closed mixed sal forest had 60% higher (p < 0.05) SMBC in D1 than the open mixed sal forest while it reduced with depth and 17.1 to 56.7% higher SMBC in the subsurface to bottom most soil profile (D2-D5). The SMBC content was higher in the Monsoon period ranged 48.2 to 591µg C g− 1 in closed mixed sal forest and 44.8 to 326.4 µg C g− 1 in open mixed sal forest. The SMBC reduced 24.2 to 45.1% in the post monsoon period while the reduction was more intense in the pre monsoon period (48.1 to 68.2%) compared to the monsoon period under the closed mixed sal forest. Similarly, the decline was more intense in the open mixed sal forest, where SMBC declined 12.1 to 54% in the post monsoon and 56.1 to 76.2% in pre monsoon period compared to the monsoon period. So, therefore, we conclude here that the study shows that human interferences in the mixed sal forests often leads to the loss of forest cover and may also have significant negative impact on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of soil, ultimately reducing soil fertility.
Enhancing Operative Documentation of Emergency Laparotomy: A Systematic Review and Development of a Synoptic Reporting Template
Authors: Elamin Aiman , Walker Emma , Sugrue Michael , Khalid Syed Yousaf , Stephens Ian , Lloyd Angus
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Currently operative reports are narrative, often hand-written making interpretation difficult and potentially omitting key steps of the procedure. This study undertook a systematic review to determine current availability of synoptic operative reporting and develop a synoptic operative record template for emergency laparotomy (EL).
Methods:
A PROSPERO registered study from January 1st, 2012, to December 31st, 2022, was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in February 2023. Keywords included: emergency laparotomy AND operation notes OR operative notes OR documentation OR report OR proforma OR narrative OR synoptic OR digital OR audio-visual. Studies of paediatric or pregnant patients as well as systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, editorial comments, and letters were excluded. A synoptic operative record was designed to include key standards in documentation as suggested by the Colleges of Surgeons.
Results:
The literature search produced 4,687 articles and no relevant published articles were found. A detailed synoptic template was developed, including 111 fields related to patient demographics, operative findings, intervention, and documentation of key variables associated with patient outcomes. 11 were text boxes, two related to digital audio-visual uploads and three facilitating digital scoring/grading of findings.
Conclusion:
This systematic review identified a limited number of publications reporting synoptic operative reporting and none relating to emergency laparotomy. The novel operative template provides a platform for clear documentation of the surgery performed during emergency laparotomy, potentially facilitating data analysis, resident training, and research and in turn leading to a better understanding of patient outcomes.
An Evaluation Method for Interpretable Models in Sound Recognition
Authors: Lu Ning , Guan Donghai , Yuan Weiwei
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the application scope of artificial intelligence voice recognition has been expanding rapidly. Investigating the interpretability of sound recognition and enhancing the effectiveness of sound interpretation hold significant importance for both theoretical research and practical applications. However, there is currently a lack of an effective method to assess the interpretability of sound explanations. Therefore, this paper introduces an evaluation method called AI-SCORE, which focuses on interpretable models for sound recognition. AI-SCORE processes the features of sound spectrograms based on their interpretability importance and then re-predicts to calculate the model's positive and negative feature correlations. Based on this, we examine the impact of different feature extraction methods, various neural network models, and parameter settings during the interpretation on interpretation performance. Experiments show that under the ResNet network model, the model trained using mel spectrogram as a feature extraction method achieves the best interpretation performance. Additionally, appropriate iterative precision can further enhance the interpretation effect during the interpretation process.
The Effect of Matrine and Glycyrrhizic Acid on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Zhilong , Wu Wenyi , Li Qiannan , Du Fangfang , Wang Xuebing , Yang Mingfan , Zhang Hongying
Published: October 2023

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is endemic worldwide, seriously affecting development of the pig industry, but vaccine strategies have limited protective effects against PRRSV transmission. The aim of this study was to identify potential anti-PRRSV drugs. We examined the cytotoxicity of seven compounds formulated by the mass ratio between glycyrrhizic acid and matrine and their inhibition rate against PRRSV in vitro. The results showed that the seven compounds all had direct killing and therapeutic effects on PRRSV, and the compounds inhibited PRRSV replication in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Then, the compound with the best anti-PRRSV effect was selected for subsequent in vivo experiments. Pigs were divided into a control group and a medication group to conduct the in vivo evaluation. The results showed that pigs treated with the 4:1 compound had 100% morbidity after PRRSV challenge, and the mortality rate reached 75% on the 8th day of the challenge. These results suggest that this compound has no practical anti-PRRSV effect in vivo and can instead accelerate the death of infected pigs. Next, we further analyzed the semiprotective pigs obtained from the vaccine through the compound to determine whether the compound can synergize with the vaccine in vivo. The results indicated that pigs treated with the compound had higher mortality and more severe clinical reactions after PRRSV infection (p < 0.05). The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α) were significantly upregulated in the compound-treated pigs compared to the positive control group (p < 0.05), and there was no synergistic enhancement with the live attenuated PRRSV vaccine (p < 0.05). The compound enhanced the inflammatory response, prompted the body to produce excessive inflammatory cytokines and caused body damage, preventing the therapeutic effect from being produced. In conclusion, the present study revealed that effectiveness in vitro does not mean that it is effective in vivo in developing anti-PRRSV drugs. Our finding showed that, in order to find the effective anti-PRRSV drugs, comprehensive drug screening is required, at least with solid anti-inflammatory ability in vitro and in vivo. Our study may help the development of new anti-PRRSV drugs.
Efficient production of guanosine in Escherichia coli by combinatorial metabolic engineering
Authors: Zhang Kun , Qin Mengxing , Hou Yu , Zhang Wenwen , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Hailei
Published: October 2023

Guanosine is a purine nucleoside that is widely used as a raw material for food additives and pharmaceutical products. However, the lack of strains with efficiently producing guanosine greatly limited industrial application. We attempted to efficiently produce guanosinein Escherichia coli using systematic metabolic engineering. First, we overexpressed the purine synthesis pathway from Bacillus subtilis and the prs gene, and deleted three genes involved in guanosinecatabolism to increase guanosine accumulation. Subsequently, we attenuated purA expression and eliminated feedback inhibition. Then, we modified the metabolic flux of the glycolysis and Entner-Doudoroff pathways and performed redox cofactors rebalancing. Finally, transporter engineering further increased the guanosine titre to 123.6 mg/L. After 72 h of the fed-batch fermentation in shake-flask, the guanosine titre achieved 145.2 mg/L. Our results reveal that the guanosinesynthesis pathway was successfully optimized by combinatorial metabolic engineering, which could be applicable to the efficient synthesis of other nucleoside products.
Postoperative distress and influencing factors in patients with pancreatobiliary cancer
Authors: JUN So Young , PARK Joon Seong , KIM Hyung Sun
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the distress levels using a distress thermometer (DT) and the factors associated with distress in postoperative patients with pancreatobiliary cancer.
Methods
This study retrospectively investigated 155 patients who underwent surgery for pancreatobiliary cancer between December 1, 2019 and September 30, 2021. DT and problem list were used to measure the distress. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.
Results
Among the 155 patients, 16.8% were in the mild-distress group (n = 26) and 83.2% were in the moderate-to-severe distress group (n = 129). The average DT score was 6.21; the average score for the mild-distress group was 2.46 and that for the moderate-to-severe distress group was 6.97. There were more patients in the moderate-to-severe distress group than in the mild-distress group who responded that they had problems of “sadness” (χ2 = 4.538, p < 0.05), “indigestion” (χ2 = 10.128, p < 0.001), “eating” (χ2 = 6.147, p < 0.013), and “getting around” (χ2 = 4.275, p < 0.039). The risk of severe distress was assessed in all patients. Occupation status (odds ratio [OR] = 0.342, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.133–0.879, p = 0.026) and indigestion (OR = 5.897, 95% CI = 1.647–21.111, p = 0.006) were independent risk factors for the presence of severe distress.
Conclusion
Patients with pancreatobiliary cancer demonstrated elevated levels of psychological distress. This should alert healthcare providers to be vigilant when evaluating patients for distress and providing appropriate referrals. Patients with pancreatobiliary cancer who are unemployed or have indigestion should be targeted for distress screening and management.
Continuity of inner-outer factorization and cross sections from invariant subspaces to inner functions
Authors: Xin Yue , Hou Bingzhe
Published: October 2023

Let $H^{\infty}$ be the Banach algebra of bounded analytic functions on the unit open disc $\mathbb{D}$ equipped with the supremum norm. As well known, inner functions play an important role in the study of bounded analytic functions. In this paper, we are interested in the study of inner functions. Following by the canonical inner-outer factorization decomposition, define $Q_{inn}$ and $Q_{out}$ the maps from $H^{\infty}$ to $\mathfrak{I}$ the set of inner functions and $\mathfrak{F}$ the set of outer functions, respectively. In this paper, we study the $H^{2}$-norm continuity and $H^{\infty}$-norm discontinuity of $Q_{inn}$ and $Q_{out}$ on some subsets of $H^{\infty}$. On the other hand, the Beurling theorem connects invariant subspaces of the multiplication operator $M_z$ and inner functions. We show the nonexistence of continuous cross section from some certain invariant subspaces to inner functions in the supremum norm. The continuity problem of $Q_{inn}$ and $Q_{out}$ on $\textrm{Hol}(\overline{\mathbb{D}})$, the set of all analytic functions in the closed unit disk, are also considered.
MSC Classification: Primary 30J05 , 30J10; Secondary 15A60 , 15B05
Sex and disease severity-based analysis of steroid hormones in ME/CFS
Authors: Pipper Cornelia , Bliem Linda , León Luis , Mennickent Daniela , Bodner Claudia , Guzmán-Gutierrez Enrique , Stingl Michael , Untersmayr-Elsenhuber Eva , Wagner Bernhard , Bertinat Romina , Sepúlveda Nuno , Westermeier Francisco
Published: October 2023

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease characterized by decreased daily activity and persistent fatigue after physical and/or cognitive exertion. Although ME/CFS affects both sexes, there is a higher preponderance of cases in women. However, endocrinological studies focused on evaluating this sex-related disparity are limited. In this scenario, the aim of this study was to measure 9 circulating steroid hormones (SHs) divided into mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisone), androgens (androstenedione, testosterone), and progestins (progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone) in plasma samples from mild/moderate (ME/CFSmm; females, n=20; males, n=8), severely affected patients (ME/CFSsa; females, n=24; males, n=6), and healthy controls (HC, females, n=12; males, n=17) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). After correction for multiple testing, we observed that circulating levels of 11-deoxycortisol, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in females, and progesterone in males were significantly different between HC, ME/CFSmm and ME/CFSsa. Comparing two independent groups, we found that female ME/CFSsa had higher levels of 11-deoxycortisol (vs. HC and ME/CFSmm) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (vs. HC). In addition, female ME/CFSmm showed a significant increase in progesterone levels relative to HC. In contrast, we observed that male ME/CFSmm had lower circulating levels of cortisol and corticosterone, while progesterone levels were elevated compared to HC. In addition to these univariate analyses, our correlational and multivariate approaches identified differential associations between our study groups. Also, using two-component partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), we were able to discriminate ME/CFS from HC with an accuracy of 0.712 and 0.846 for females and males, respectively. In conclusion, our findings not only suggest the potential value of including SHs in future studies aimed at improving stratification in ME/CFS, but also provide new perspectives to explore the clinical relevance of these SH-related differences within specific patient subgroups.
Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of banxiaxiexin decoction in treating vascular dementia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Liang Shuzhi , Liu Leilei , Zu guoxiu , Liu Xijian , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2023

Background
The Banxiaxiexin decoction constitutes a prevalent Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulation employed for the therapeutic intervention of vascular dementia. Despite its routine clinical application, the underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate its pharmacological efficacy remain elusive. To address this lacuna, the present study employed a multi-pronged analytical approach involving network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.
Methods
Active phytochemical constituents and relevant pharmacological targets of Banxiaxiexin decoction were elucidated using data procured from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Targets germane to vascular dementia were aggregated from a comprehensive range of databases, including GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Drugbank, Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB), and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). A Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was constructed to isolate core targets. Subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were executed using METASCAPE. Tissue and organ-specific distribution of these targets were subsequently assessed. Molecular docking protocols were employed to evaluate the interactions between the identified potential targets and active constituents. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to further scrutinize the optimal core protein–compound complexes identified through molecular docking.
Results
A total of 133 active compounds and 64 putative targets of Banxiaxiexin decoction were identified. Topological analyses of the PPI network revealed a subset of 20 core targets. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses substantiated that Banxiaxiexin decoction modulates genes implicated in pathways associated with oncogenesis, lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, as well as Alzheimer's disease signaling pathways. Both molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations affirmed a robust binding affinity between the active compounds and the isolated targets.
Conclusions
The present study adeptly elucidates the active components, prospective targets, and putative pathways implicated in the therapeutic efficacy of Banxiaxiexin decoction for vascular dementia. The data presented herein offer a novel methodological framework for the future investigation of the molecular mechanisms by which Banxiaxiexin decoction exerts its therapeutic effects. Furthermore, the delineated active constituents may serve as a propitious reservoir for subsequent drug development endeavors targeting vascular dementia.
Typification of hydrogeological conditions in mineral deposits by system analysis method
Authors: Auzina L. I.
Published: October 2023

The paper presents a non-standard approach to the typification of mineral deposits in Eastern Siberia (Russia) according to hydrogeological conditions under insufficiency and unevenness of the initial information. The most rational way to solve this problem at initial research stages is to identify a number of easily determined indirect indicators that determine the selection of sites promising for drilling hydrogeological wells. The author uses the method of system analysis including two main stages of analysis and synthesis, which result in the typification of the objects under study in accordance with the assigned tasks. The developed methodology is used for various purposes: structural hydrogeological zoning of the Ilim-Lena plateau with associated main iron ore deposits of Eastern Siberia, typification of alluvial deposits of the Lena gold ore region according to the complexity degree of engineering hydrogeological conditions, identification of the sites with high water abundance in the oil and gas fields of Eastern Siberia.
Structural characteristics of the bovine leukemia virus genome: A mini review
Authors: Fomenko O. Yu.
Published: October 2023

Enzootic bovine leukemia is an infectious disease with a chronic course caused by an RNA‑containing virus of the genus Deltaretrovirus. Despite the implementation of various programs for the elimination of leukemia, the disease is still widespread on the planet and continues to cause significant economic damage. A large proportion of BLV‑infected cattle remain to be asymptomatic carriers of the virus, which complicates diagnosis and contributes to the spread of the disease in the herd. The structure of the BLV genome is generally typical of retroviruses. It consists of genes encoding structural proteins, viral enzymes and regulatory elements flanked on both sides by identical long terminal repeats. The enzyme and structural protein coding genes (gag, pro, pol, and env) play a crucial role in the life cycle of the virus, influencing its infectivity and virion production. The tax and rex regulatory genes regulate viral transcription, export of transcripts from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and disease progression. The increase in the number of copies of proviral DNA occurs mainly not due to the functioning of the virus reverse transcriptase, but because of clonal reproduction of the affected subpopulations of B‑cells, mainly CD5+ IgM+. This feature provides increased genetic stability of the BLV virus. These properties of the viral genome allow the development of a variety of PCR test systems. The widespread implementation of such systems enables the detection of carriers of the disease at early stages, which should contribute to the effective implementation of national programs to eradicate bovine leukemia.
The quality indicators of ice cream upon the enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose
Authors: Tvorogova A. A. , Shobanova T. V. , Gurskiy I. A. , Kazakova N. V.
Published: October 2023

Ice cream is a popular type of dairy foods containing up to 6% of lactose. In connection with the lactose intolerance by many consumers and the possibility of its crystallization during storage of finished products, there is a need for a decrease in the content of this nutrient in the composition of ice cream. The aim of the research was to study an effect of the lactose hydrolysis process in ice cream with the fat mass fraction of 15% and different mass fractions of dry skim milk residue on technologically significant and sensory properties of its quality. The main objects of the study were samples of ice cream subjected to lactose hydrolysis at the stage of mixture maturation. The fat mass fraction in the samples was 15%, mass fractions of dry skim milk residue were 7, 10, 12 and 15%. The composition of sugars was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, the dynamic viscosity of mixes and the consistency of ice cream by rheological methods and the dispersion of structural elements by microcopy. The effects of the mass fraction of dry skim milk residue and lactose hydrolysis on quality indicators of mixtures and ice cream were determined. As the mass fraction of dry skim milk residue rose from 7 to 15%, the residual content of lactose increased from 0.2 to 1.1%, while the dynamic viscosity of the mixture increased by 1.3 times. A decrease in the freezing point by 0.6–0.8 °C and an increase in melting resistance were also observed. The mass fraction of melt after 2 hours of holding decreased to 4.7–0.7%. Also, indicators of consistency (hardness, adhesiveness, adhesion force and rigidity) decreased by 1.1–1.7 times (upon a mass fraction of dry skim milk residue of 7 and 10%). The samples of ice cream subjected to lactose hydrolysis were characterized by a high dispersion of structural elements typical for a traditional product, and by improved texture and increased sensation of sweetness. The complex of investigations to study quality indicators of ice cream with the fat mass fraction of 15% showed that a change in the mass fraction of dry skim milk residue upon enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose results in formation of different structural-mechanical and sensory indicators that should be considered during the creation of assortment and development of formulations of low-lactose products.
Food security, food waste and food sharing: The conceptual analysis
Authors: Bakharev V. V. , Mityashin G. Yu. , Stepanova T. V.
Published: October 2023

Authors emphasize that food in the modern world is becoming less accessible due to the present global economic, geopolitical and climatic situation. At the same time a large share of food produced in the world goes to waste. It means that there is a need to implement tools that could provide people with access to food and reduce amount of food waste. Food sharing, a novel tool of collaborative food consumption, can be used to solve this problem. The paper introduces the concept of distributive food sharing and describes its different types. A description of the present state of distributive food sharing in Russia. We state that the environment for development of distributive food sharing in Russia is not favorable. The main conclusion of the article is the need to create conditions for the development of the concept of food sharing to provide those in need with food and minimize waste.
Exploring the potential of sprouted soybean and sesame hull to increase nutritional value of ice cream
Authors: El-Maksoud A. A. A. , Hesarinejad M. A. , Abedelmaksoud T. G.
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to produce nutritionally enhanced ice cream by adding sprouted soybean (SSB) and sesame hulls (SH) at different concentrations to partially replace skimmed milk powder (SMP). The physicochemical, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AOA), and sensory acceptability of ice cream fortified with SSB or SH were evaluated. The ice cream containing 15% SSB was found to have the best sensory characteristics and was most preferred by the taste panel. The addition of 15% SSB increased the protein and fiber content and improved melting resistance, while the addition of 15% SH resulted in a greater increase in dietary fiber but lower protein content and melting resistance. The highest overrun on the cost was obtained in the sample fortified with 25% SSB compared to the lowest in the sample fortified with 25% SH, but panelists generally did not like these samples in terms of taste-flavor. The study concluded that the addition of SSB and SH to replace SMP in ice cream can create a nutritious and low-cost product with similar physicochemical properties and acceptance to the control.
Comprehensive rehabilitation of preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Berezhanskaya S. B. , Afonin A. A. , Lebedenko A. A. , Vostrykh N. N. , Sozaeva D. I. , Kravchenko L. V. , Popova N. N.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. High incidence and great social significance of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children determines the search and development of new options for their rehabilitation.

Aim. To analyse the patient outcomes of the most up-to-date treatment and rehabilitation complex (biofeedback, sensory integration, psychological and speech, physiotherapeutic effects) and the possibility of its widespread practical application for the rehabilitation of preschool children with ADHD.

Materials and methods. A total of 63 children (33 boys and 30 girls) aged 5–8 years were included in the prospective study. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I – 34 children aged 5 years – 5 years 11 months, 29 days with ADHD, and Group II – 29 children aged 6 years – 6 years 11 months, 29 days with ADHD. The follow-up period for each patient was 15 months. The children were examined by a neurologist, rehabilitation therapist, neuropsychologist, and speech pathologist with an assessment of active attention measures using the B. Bourdon scale for children of Group I and the Toulouse-Pieron scale (adapted by L.A. Yasyukova) for children of Group 2. Parents were surveyed and questioned using special questionnaires. Results. Before initiation of treatment, all children were diagnosed with active attention disorders of isolated (26.5 and 23.8%) and mixed (73.5 and 62.5%) nature in Groups I and II, respectively. After the rehabilitation activities complex was provided, a significant decrease in not only isolated, but also mixed attention disorders in children with ADHD was detected in both groups. Evaluation of electroencephalograms after the rehabilitation activities complex showed a decrease of theta power and an increase of low beta frequency power in 18.7% of children of Group I and in 16.2% of children of Group II, which indicated an improvement in neurodynamic functions and sufficient cognitive potential in that cohort of children.

Conclusion. Early start and prolonged use of the proposed rehabilitation complex will enhance learning ability and prevent school and social maladjustment of children with ADHD.
Modified Ventral Femoral Head and Neck Ostectomy: A Canine Cadaver Study
Authors: TRĘBACZ PIOTR , FRYMUS JAN , CZOPOWICZ MICHAŁ , JOŃSKA IZABELLA , LENGLING RAFAŁ , GALANTY MAREK
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and efficiency of performing modified ventral femoral head and neck ostectomy (mFHNO) after measuring the ideal femoral head and neck ostectomy angle (iFHNOA) on preoperative radiographs of the hip joints. Our modification of the FHNO consisted of removal of the femoral head and neck in stages. The study included cadavers of 10 adult large breed dogs (5 mongrel dogs, 4 German shepherds and 1 Gordon setter), 5 males and 5 females, weighing between 25 and 45 kg (36.2 ± 6.8 kg). There were 18 femoral head and neck ostectomies: 8 left and 10 right. The mean difference (d) between the achieved postoperative ostectomy angle and iFHNOA (± standard deviation) was 1.9° ± 7.8° (95% confidence interval: –4.6°; 8.4°) in the left limb and 0° ± 6.8° (95% confidence interval: –4.9°; 4.9°) in the right limb. Both mean d value were not statistically significantly different from 0° (p = 0.518 in the left limb and p = 0.999 in the right limb), which means that the ostectomy angles obtained by the modified method were performed nearly ideally in each case.
Strengthening the Institutional Independence of the Court in the System of European Integration Steps of Ukraine
Authors: Moskvych Lidiia
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of European standards of judicial independence. The subject of the study is the institution of court independence and specific measures to improve its legal support in Ukraine in accordance with European standards. The purpose of the article is to determine the following judicial reform measures aimed at institutional and legal harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with the standards of the European Union. The research uses dialectical, systematic analysis and synthesis, comparison and legal modeling methods of scientific knowledge. Acquiring the status of a candidate country in the EU obliges Ukraine to carry out a number of transformations of social and political institutions, and judicial reform is one of them. This will require systemic measures, and not just amendments to legislation aimed at harmonizing national legal norms with European standards. It is emphasized that despite the ongoing judicial reform, the goal of an effective court has not been achieved: the level of public trust in the court is still low. The author predicts that if only point changes in judicial legislation are started now, the result will be the same as during the previous steps of judicial reform. It is necessary to start with the construction of the foundation for an effective judicial system, which is the independence of the court. Analyzing the European standards of an independent court and the practices of the EU institutions regarding the assessment of the impact of various indicators on the general assessment of the assurance of court independence, taking into account the current and urgent problems of the judicial system of Ukraine, the author makes a number of proposals for improving domestic legislation and practice aimed at strengthening the independence of the court, which the author calls fundamental the value of a democratic state, a prerequisite for an effective judicial protection system.
Human Rights in Islamic Law and the Integration of Muslims in European Countries
Authors: Grynchak Alla , Grynchak Serhii
Published: October 2023

The steady growth of Muslim communities in European countries makes possible conflict situations due to the difference between Eastern and Western worldviews. The study of the European experience of finding possible ways to overcome intercultural crisis situations is relevant and expedient from the point of view of possible further implementation into national legislation. To achieve the goal, a set of methods was used: dialectical (for objectivity and comprehensive knowledge of the institution of human rights, taking into account various factors (in particular, religion), formal-legal method (for establishing the content of legal norms, analyzing the practice of their application), methods of analysis and synthesis (for the analysis of the constitutional legislation of foreign countries, which enshrines human rights and freedoms) and others. The comparative legal method was used as the leading one. The article compares Muslim and European approaches to the nature and content of human rights. The key characteristics of the legal status of a person, peculiar to Islamic law, are highlighted in the aspect of bringing such an understanding of human rights to the European environment. The constitutional-legal institution of human rights and freedoms in European states is based on the natural-law concept in the conditions of a liberal democracy and a secular state. Constitutional and legal norms on human rights in Muslim countries establish the inalienable influence of religion. The measures taken by the authorities of European countries are not effective enough. Only compromises, mutual respect for culture and preservation of religious foundations, and the use of primarily legal means of conflict resolution on both sides will help reduce tension and resolve disputes that arise between Muslims and European society. On the basis of the analysis and synthesis of constitutional and legal acts, scientific works, etc., possible ways of avoiding the problems of integration of Muslim minorities in Europe are suggested.
‘Basically, I’m gonna ask you a load of questions’ Cautioning exchanges in police interviews with adolescent suspects
Authors: Heini Annina
Published: October 2023

The police caution in England and Wales is a compulsory elementof every police interview that informs suspects of their right to silence andoutlines the concept of adverse inference. This research draws on authenticdata from interviews with 17- and 18-year-old suspects from two English policeforces, analysing how the cautioning exchanges are negotiated while consideringsuspects’ ages and legal statuses as children and adults, respectively. Taking aninductive approach rooted in conversation analysis, the findings reveal an overalltendency for interviewers to explain the caution directly after reciting it, therebyacting on a presumption of suspects’ non-comprehension. It is also consideredhow the (discursive) presence of appropriate adults in interviews with juvenilescan complicate the interactions. The study sheds light on the experiences of anunder-researched group of interviewees and discusses the implications of thesefindings on police practice and vulnerable persons’ access to justice.
A escuta de narrativas de violência doméstica em entrevistas de mediação familiar judicial
Authors: Pereira Maria de Lourdes , Gago Paulo Cortes , Oliveira Maria do Carmo Leite de
Published: October 2023

Telling their side of the story is a central practice for parties in me-diation sessions. The way third parties, often said neutral and impartial, listento these stories can have consequences within and beyond these interactions. Inthis paper, we examine narratives of violence produced in pre-mediation intervi-ews. The case involves a divorced couple disputing the custody of their children.Drawing upon studies in talk-in-interaction and narrative, we analyzed, how themediator deals with reports of domestic violence during the interaction and re-cord her observations about these violent events on a report that will be readby the judge in the case. We aim to contribute to the understanding of listeningby third parties in mediation. The results reveal the massive use of narrativeaccounts with implications for the custody decision. We observed also a lack ofparity in the ways that the mediator listen and deals with the reports producedby each of party
SYSTEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTENTION MODEL, FAMILY BACKGROUND, AND PRIOR ENTREPRENEURIAL EXPERIENCE ON STUDENTS’ ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia Surabaya, Suhermin Suhermin , Suryawirawan Okto Aditya ,   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia Surabaya, Bon Abdul Talib ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: October 2023

Countless businesses had to close permanently, and workers had to be laid off during Covid-19 pandemic, thus the emergence of entrepreneurs is crucial for Indonesia's economic recovery. This study aims to analyze further the extended systemic entrepreneurship intention model and its impact on students in Surabaya. Purposive sampling was used toward 205 students. Results were analyzed using partial least square through SmartPLS. Reciprocal relationships among all the antecedent variables of entrepreneurial intention were found to be positive and significant. Regarding the impact of the antecedent variables of entrepreneurial intention such as perceived convenience, risk tolerance, perceived feasibility and attitude, only perceived feasibility was found to have no effect on entrepreneurial intention. There are no differences in entrepreneurial intention among students with or without entrepreneurial family backgrounds. There are no differences in entrepreneurial intention among students with or without prior entrepreneurial experience. This study provides implication towards students’ entrepreneurial intention during covid-19 pandemic and the robustness of systemic entrepreneurship intention model in predicting it.