bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RIPK3 activation promotes DAXX‐dependent neuronal necroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
Authors: Bai Qingqing , Wang Shuoyang , Rao Dongmei , Zhou Zhiming , Wang Jianfei , Wang Qi , Qin Yu , Chu Zhaohu , Zhao Shoucai , Yu Dijing , Xu Yang
Published: August 2023

Background

Necroptosis induced by receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is engaged in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) pathology. In this study, we explored the impact of RIPK3 activation on neuronal necroptosis and the mechanism of the death domain‐associated protein (DAXX)‐mediated nuclear necroptosis pathway after ICH.

Methods

Potential molecules linked to the progression of ICH were discovered using RNA sequencing. The level of DAXX was assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR, ELISA, and western blotting. DAXX localization was determined by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays. The RIPK3 inhibitor GSK872 and DAXX knockdown with shRNA‐DAXX were used to examine the nuclear necroptosis pathway associated with ICH. Neurobehavioral deficit assessments were performed.

Results

DAXX was increased in patients and mice after ICH. In an ICH mouse model, shRNA‐DAXX reduced brain water content and alleviated neurologic impairments. GSK872 administration reduced the expression of DAXX. shRNA‐DAXX inhibited the expression of p‐MLKL. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays showed that RIPK3 and AIF translocated into the nucleus and then bound with nuclear DAXX.

Conclusions

RIPK3 revitalization promoted neuronal necroptosis in ICH mice, partially through the DAXX signaling pathway. RIPK3 and AIF interacted with nuclear DAXX to aggravate ICH injury.
Multiple foci of dilated vessels as a new predictor of metachronous esophageal cancer
Authors: Kawakami Yushi , Ishihara Ryu , Matsuno Kenshi , Waki Kotaro , Shichijo Satoki , Yoshii Shunsuke , Kanesaka Takashi , Yamamoto Sachiko , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Michida Tomoki , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Prediction of the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by endoscopic findings without iodine staining, which is irritating to the esophagus, would be beneficial. In a previous retrospective study, we found that multiple foci of dilated vascular areas (MDV) of the esophageal mucosa, seen in narrow‐band imaging (NBI)/blue laser imaging (BLI), are associated with iodine‐unstained lesions and, thus, may be a predictor of esophageal SCC. This prospective study aimed to investigate the association between MDV and metachronous esophageal SCC.

Methods

Patients with a history of endoscopic resection for esophageal SCC were included in the study. First, evaluation of the MDV using NBI or BLI was conducted during the initial endoscopy. The patients were then monitored for metachronous esophageal SCC by endoscopic surveillance. The association between the number of MDV and incidence of metachronous esophageal SCC was investigated.

Results

From February 2018 to May 2019, 206 patients were enrolled and 201 patients were included in the analysis. Patients were followed up until October 2022. The median (interquartile range) endoscopic follow‐up period was 1260 (1105–1348) days. The incidence of metachronous esophageal SCC at 2 years was 7.1% in patients with MDV ≤4 and 13.9% in patients with MDV ≥5 (P < 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, MDV was an independent predictor of metachronous esophageal SCC, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.37 (1.06–5.31).

Conclusion

Multiple foci of dilated vascular area is a useful predictor for stratifying the risk of metachronous esophageal SCC.
DE&I Progress Requires More than Passion
Authors: Bantom Jessica
Published: August 2023

The most critical factor to consider is that the lives and outcomes of historically excluded people depend on DE&I work being done effectively.

Three short years ago it seemed we were on the road to more inclusive and equitable spaces at work and school. What happened? And what can we change to really make it happen?
On the relationship between financial inclusion and bank performance
Authors: Sha'ban Mais , Girardone Claudia , Sarkisyan Anna , Arun Thankom
Published: August 2023

This study examines the relationship between various financial inclusion measures and banks' performance across multiple countries with varying institutional, regulatory and income levels. To construct an aggregate bank performance index, we employ principal component analysis, which utilises a set of critical indicators summarised by the CAMEL rating system, including banks' solvency, asset quality, efficiency, profitability and liquidity. Our primary findings indicate that different measures of financial inclusion exhibit varying associations with bank performance. Specifically, there is a trade‐off between bank performance and credit deepening, especially in high‐income nations. Conversely, in low‐income nations, higher financial inclusion, measured by deposits to GDP, number of deposits, and number of borrowers, does not affect bank performance adversely. Banks in low‐income nations could achieve significant gains by improving financial access and enhancing regulatory environments.
Ultrasonographic technique and appearance of presumptively normal clinically relevant lymph nodes in horses
Authors: Gremillet Bérengère , Vandersmissen Maxime , Dancot Michaël , Evrard Laurence , Charles Alexandre , Busoni Valeria
Published: August 2023

Background

Lymph nodes are routinely assessed ultrasonographically in humans and small animals. The ultrasonographic assessment of equine lymph nodes has only been sporadically reported.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to establish anatomical landmarks, ultrasonographic technique and normal ultrasonographic appearance of clinically relevant equine lymph nodes difficult to assess by palpation and to provide a useful reference for equine practitioners.

Study design

This was prospective observational study.

Methods

Medial retropharyngeal, cranial and caudal deep cervical, and caecal lymph nodes were visualised using transcutaneous ultrasonography in 19 clinically healthy horses, and lymph nodes of the iliosacral lymphocentre were visualised using transrectal ultrasonography in nine horses with no metabolic or infectious disorders. Anatomical landmarks, size and echogenicity were recorded.

Results

A total of 268 lymph nodes were visualised and measured in 25 horses. Lymph nodes were ovoid with regular contour and homogeneous parenchyma, hypoechoic to isoechoic to the surrounding tissue. The visualised lymph nodes of the sacroiliac lymphocentre were the smallest (mean ± standard deviation: 2.4 ± 0.9 × 5.9 ± 1.8 mm), and the largest were the caudal deep cervical lymph nodes (mean ± standard deviation: 5.1 ± 1.9 × 10.9 ± 5.6 mm). The short‐to‐long‐axis ratio varied from 0.44 to 0.60 among the lymph nodes examined.

Main limitations

Normality of lymph nodes was not confirmed by histopathology.

Conclusions

This study describes the ultrasonographic technique, anatomical landmarks and appearance of presumptively normal medial retropharyngeal, cranial and caudal deep cervical, caecal lymph nodes and caudal lymph nodes of the iliosacral lymphocentre.
Evaluating significant features in context‐aware multimodal emotion recognition with XAI methods
Authors: Khalane Aaishwarya , Makwana Rikesh , Shaikh Talal , Ullah Abrar
Published: August 2023

Expert systems are being extensively used to make critical decisions involving emotional analysis in affective computing. The evolution of deep learning algorithms has improved the potential for extracting value from multimodal emotional data. However, these black‐box algorithms do not often explain the heuristics behind processing the input features for achieving certain outputs. This study focuses on the risks of using black‐box deep learning models for critical tasks, such as emotion recognition, and describes how human understandable interpretations of the workings of these models are extremely important. This study utilizes one of the largest multimodal datasets available–CMU‐MOSEI. Many researchers have used the pre‐extracted features provided by the CMU Multimodal SDK with black‐box deep learning models making it difficult to interpret the contribution of its individual features. This study describes the implications of significant features from various modalities (audio, video, text) identified using XAI in Multimodal Emotion Recognition. It describes the process of curating reduced feature models by using the Gradient SHAP XAI method. These reduced models with highly contributing features achieve comparable and at times even better results compared to their corresponding all‐feature models as well as the baseline model GraphMFN. This study reveals that carefully selecting significant features for a model can help filter out irrelevant features, and attenuate the noise or bias caused by them, leading to an improved performance efficiency of the expert systems by making them transparent, easily interpretable, and trustworthy.
Improve the application of reinforcement learning and multi‐modal information in music sentiment analysis
Authors: Yang Qi , Liu Songhu , Gong Tianzhuo
Published: August 2023

In order to improve the effect of music sentiment analysis, this paper proposes a music sentiment classification method based on lyrics and comments. This method combines lyrics and comment texts to mine richer sentiment information, and comprehensively considers the influence of the word frequency, sentiment strength and part of speech of sentiment words on sentiment classification when constructing sentiment vectors. Moreover, it matches the lyrics of the music and the substantive words in the comment with the emotional dictionary to obtain the emotional category and emotional weight of each substantive word, and calculates the statistical value of each emotional category. In addition, this paper combines reinforcement learning and multi‐modal information technology to construct a music emotion research model.
Researching what we practice—The paradigm of systemic family research: Part 2
Authors: Whittaker Kristoffer , Stokkebekk Jan , Lorås Lennart , Tilden Terje
Published: August 2023

This is the second of two articles focusing on ideological and philosophical preferences for relating to and conducting research in the field of systemic couple and family therapy (CFT). To emphasize the need for the field of systemic CFT to be based on the best available knowledge, in the first article, we argue the benefits of applying the principles of evidence‐based practice, and in the current article, we present the rationale behind the contents of a program for systemic family therapy research that safeguards methodological multiplicity. The need for multi‐methodological systemic research is also recognized on the basis of the authors' self‐reflexive accounts of overcoming barriers to learning skills and deepening their understanding of quantitative methods. We thus argue that trans‐methodological reflexivity is necessary and we argue a preference for methodological multiplicity that includes statistical competency as regards the interdependence of observations (i.e., nonindependence), and we further argue that these are crucial components of a systemic research program.
Developmental coordination disorder: What can we learn from RI mice using motor learning tasks and QTL analysis
Authors: Gill Kamaldeep , Rajan Jeffy Rajan Soundara , Chow Eric , Ashbrook David G. , Williams Robert W. , Zwicker Jill G. , Goldowitz Daniel
Published: August 2023

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology that affects one in 20 children. There is an indication that DCD has an underlying genetic component due to its high heritability. Therefore, we explored the use of a recombinant inbred family of mice known as the BXD panel to understand the genetic basis of complex traits (i.e., motor learning) through identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The overall aim of this study was to utilize the QTL approach to evaluate the genome‐to‐phenome correlation in BXD strains of mice in order to better understand the human presentation of DCD. Results of this current study confirm differences in motor learning in selected BXD strains and strains with altered cerebellar volume. Five strains – BXD15, BXD27, BXD28, BXD75, and BXD86 – exhibited the most DCD‐like phenotype when compared with other BXD strains of interest. Results indicate that BXD15 and BXD75 struggled primarily with gross motor skills, BXD28 primarily had difficulties with fine motor skills, and BXD27 and BXD86 strains struggled with both fine and gross motor skills. The functional roles of genes within significant QTLs were assessed in relation to DCD‐like behavior. Only Rab3a (Ras‐related protein Rab‐3A) emerged as a high likelihood candidate gene for the horizontal ladder rung task. This gene is associated with brain and skeletal muscle development, but lacked nonsynonymous polymorphisms. This study along with Gill et al. (same issue) is the first studies to specifically examine the genetic linkage of DCD using BXD strains of mice.
A distinctive latitudinal trend of nitrogen isotope signature across urban forests in eastern China
Authors: Xia Nan , Du Enzai , Tang Yang , Guo Hongbo
Published: August 2023

Rapid urbanization has greatly altered nitrogen (N) cycling from regional to global scales. Compared to natural forests, urban forests receive much more external N inputs with distinctive abundances of stable N isotope (δ15N). However, the large‐scale pattern of soil δ15N and its imprint on plant δ15N remain less well understood in urban forests. By collecting topsoil (0–20 cm) and leaf samples from urban forest patches in nine large cities across a north–south transect in eastern China, we analyzed the latitudinal trends of topsoil C:N ratio and δ15N as well as the correlations between tree leaf δ15N and topsoil δ15N. We further explored the spatial variation of topsoil δ15N explained by corresponding climatic, edaphic, vegetation‐associated, and anthropogenic drivers. Our results showed a significant increase of topsoil C:N ratio towards higher latitudes, suggesting lower N availability at higher latitudes. Topsoil δ15N also increased significantly at higher latitudes, being opposite to the latitudinal trend of soil N availability. The latitudinal trend of topsoil δ15N was mainly explained by mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and atmospheric deposition of both ammonium and nitrate. Consequently, tree leaf δ15N showed significant positive correlations with topsoil δ15N across all sampled plant species and functional types. Our findings reveal a distinctive latitudinal trend of δ15N in urban forests and highlight an important role of anthropogenic N sources in shaping the large‐scale pattern of urban forest 15N signature.
Newman and Quasi‐Fideism: A Reply to Duncan Pritchard
Authors: Aquino Frederick D. , Gage Logan Paul
Published: August 2023

Abstract: In recent years, Duncan Pritchard has developed a position in religious epistemology called quasi‐fideism that he claims traces back to John Henry Newman's treatment of the rationality of religious belief. In this paper, we give three reasons to think that Pritchard's reading of Newman as a quasi‐fideist is mistaken. First, Newman's parity argument does not claim that religious and non‐religious beliefs are on a par because both are groundless; instead, for Newman, they are on a par because both often stem from implicit rather than explicit reasoning. Second, pace Pritchard, Newman's distinction between simple and complex assent does not map onto the Wittgensteinian distinction between groundless hinge commitments and beliefs that flow from these hinges. For Newman, simple and complex assent differ in terms of the believer's level of awareness of their grounds. Third, and finally, Newman does not reject Locke's evidentialism in toto. Instead, he argues that certitude is not restricted to beliefs stemming from intuition and demonstration but often rightly includes probabilistically supported (or fallibly evidenced) beliefs.
Birds and people: from conflict to coexistence
Authors: McMahon Barry J. , Arroyo Beatriz , Bunnefeld Nils , Carrete Martina , Daunt Francis , Young Juliette C.
Published: August 2023

Negative interactions between humans and animals are becoming increasingly frequent, as wild habitats shrink and human presence and activities expand throughout the world. Conflicts between people over conservation are one of the outcomes of this increased interaction, with severe consequences for both wildlife and people. Globally, conflicts can arise across diverse ecosystems, species and circumstances. Even if most attention in wildlife‐related conflicts has been on mammals, birds are also often at the centre of such conflicts, but conflict research is still not explicitly present in ornithological literature. Examples of such conflicts include those related to birds and agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and public health interests. Conflicts are often more complex than initial assessments might suggest, involving ecological, economic, cultural, social and political elements. Reflecting the complexity of these issues and their increasing relevance to bird conservation, a British Ornithologists' Union conference was organized in November 2021 that aimed to highlight examples of conflicts that exist between people over birds and their conservation. Building on this conference, we provide here a review of key themes relating to the understanding of conflicts, including the importance of conflict perceptions, the collaboration between multiple disciplines and the different types of knowledge needed to better understand conflicts. We then consider the management of bird conservation conflicts, including the key issues of dealing with uncertainty, the role of technical solutions and the importance of collaboration and building trust, illustrating each theme with real‐world examples. Finally, we outline potential future conflicts around bird conservation and how best to address them proactively.
Design, characterization, and incorporation of geopolymer binders in refractory ceramic compositions
Authors: Bezerra Breno Parente , Morelli Márcio Raymundo , Luz Ana Paula
Published: August 2023

The development of cement‐free refractories has gained attention in recent years. Geopolymers (GP) are cold‐setting binders that may be applied in the manufacturing of such ceramics. However, a systemic comparison between calcium aluminate cement (CAC) and GP‐bonded formulations is still necessary to understand the strengths and limitations of these novel binders. In this study, three GP were designed and characterized, and the most promising composition was incorporated into an alumina refractory. A corresponding CAC‐containing formulation was also evaluated as a reference material. The physico‐mechanical properties of the prepared ceramics were analyzed after heat treatments ranging from 40–1250°C. Among the designed GP, the sodium‐containing binder showed the best performance, although its addition to alumina refractory resulted in cured samples with low mechanical strength. However, with the progression of liquid formation, sintering, and densification during firing at 1100–1250°C, the GP‐bonded refractory displayed enhanced flexural strength, surpassing the performance of the CAC‐containing composition.
Synthesis of α‐MnO2, β‐C2S, and α‐MnO2/β‐C2S nanocomposite for effective removal of phosphate from water
Authors: Rathore Roshni , Waghmare Aakash , Rai Sarita , Chandra Vimlesh
Published: August 2023

A novel α‐manganese dioxide/β‐dicalcium silicate (α‐MnO2/β‐C2S) nanocomposite was synthesized for adsorption of phosphate ions from water to inhibit eutrophication. The adsorption rate constants (k2) of α‐MnO2/β‐C2S nanocomposite are higher than those of bare α‐MnO2 and β‐C2S revealing an increased adsorption rate in composite materials. The higher adsorption capacity of nanocomposites results from relatively larger pores. The phosphate sorption process obeys the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model well and is likely governed by chemisorption. The equilibrium removal capacities of α‐MnO2, β‐C2S, and α‐MnO2/β‐C2S nanocomposite were found to be 25, 34.48, and 52.63 mg/g, respectively, which are very close to experimental values. Adsorption of PO43− onto adsorbents could be favorably described by the Langmuir model. D‐R isotherm model fitting showed physical adsorption by β‐C2S and α‐MnO2/β‐C2S nanocomposites and chemisorption on α‐MnO2. The maximum adsorption capacities (qm) of the adsorbents calculated from the Langmuir model were 28.58, 44.03, and 63.65 mg/g α‐MnO2, β‐C2S, and α‐MnO2/β‐C2S nanocomposites respectively. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process occurs spontaneously with an exothermic nature and a decrease in randomness. The presence of coexisting Cl− anions decreases the adsorption capacity.
The effects of obesity on longitudinal ventricular and atrial strain in a rural population of Spanish children and adolescents, evaluated by a new strain software
Authors: Aristizábal‐Duque Cristhian H. , Fernández Cabeza Juan , Blancas Sánchez Isabel María , Delgado Ortega Mónica , Aparicio‐Martinez Pilar , Romero Saldaña Manuel , Fonseca del Pozo Francisco Javier , Álvarez‐Ossorio Manuel Pan , Ruíz Ortiz Martín , Mesa Rubio María Dolores
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives

Research on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and strain values in children and adolescents is limited. Our aim was to analyse the relationship between BMI and strain values of both ventricles and left atrium in children and adolescents.

Methods

Both ventricles and left atrial strain values were compared among different BMI categories in children and adolescents from a town in the South of Spain.

Results

Of the 198 subjects, aged 6–17 years, 53% were of normal weight, 26% were overweight and 21% had obesity. Lower absolute values of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (25.9 ± 2.0% vs. 26.9 ± 2.2%, p = 0.002) and right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (29.5 ± 4.2% vs. 30.8 ± 4.5%, p = 0.04) were found in subjects with obesity and overweight versus subjects with normal weight. A lower right ventricular four‐chamber longitudinal strain was also observed in males with obesity and overweight (24.8 ± 3.3% vs. 26.4 ± 3.6%, p = 0.03). Statistically significant negative correlations of BMI were found for all ventricular, but not atrial, strain values in univariate analysis. This association turned non‐significant for right ventricular four‐chamber longitudinal strain in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Utilizing this new strain software, children and adolescents with high BMI were associated with significantly lower values for left and right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain, without impact in left atrial strain.
Knowledge, attitude, and sources of information towards burn first aid among people referred to a burn centre in the north of Iran
Authors: Tolouei Mohammad , Pirooz Amir , Ashoobi Mohammad Taghi , Davoudpour Ravak , Zarei Reza , Sadeghi Mahsa , Mehdipour Fatemeh , Bagheri Toolaroud Parissa
Published: August 2023

Optimal management of burns begins with first aid from the first hours of injury. Adequate knowledge of how to perform first aid for burns can reduce the consequences of injury. Therefore, this study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude, and sources of information assessment towards burn First aid among people referred to a burn centre in the north of Iran. A questionnaire‐based survey was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, and sources of information towards burn first aid among people referred to a burn centre in the north of Iran in 2023. In this survey, a convenience sampling method was adopted. The variables consisted of four items on socio‐demographic information, 15 items on knowledge, ten items on attitude, and one item on sources of information related to burn First aid. A total of 371 individuals responded to the survey. The mean age of participants was 31.90 ± 8.49 years old. The mean score of the total knowledge of the participants in the research was 6.04 ± 3.05. There was a statistically significant relationship between the variables of age, sex, marital status, place of residence, level of education, and history of receiving first aid training with the participants' knowledge level. The average score of the total attitude of the participants was 44.08 ± 3.88. Out of 371 participants, 214 people (57.7%) had an average attitude, and 157 people (42.3%) had a good attitude towards burn first aid. There was a statistically significant relationship between place of residence, level of education, and history of receiving first aid training with the participants' attitudes in the research. In addition, the level of knowledge had a statistically significant relationship with the participants' attitude level in the research (p‐value <0.001). The majority of participants have limited knowledge of burn first aid. This lack of knowledge could lead to severe consequences. Therefore, healthcare organizations should review and promote consistent guidelines for burn first aid to tackle and minimize the effect of this grave injury.
Endomyocardial substrate of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Authors: Reithmann Christopher , Kling Theresia , Metani Manjola , Klingel Karin , Ulbrich Michael
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Delayed enhancement‐magnetic resonance imaging (DE‐MRI) has demonstrated that nonischemic cardiomyopathy is mainly characterized by intramural or epicardial fibrosis whereas global endomyocardial fibrosis suggests cardiac involvement in autoimmune rheumatic diseases or amyloidosis. Conduction disorders and sudden cardiac death are important manifestations of autoimmune rheumatic diseases with cardiac involvement but the substrates of ventricular arrhythmias in autoimmune rheumatic diseases have not been fully elucidated.

Methods and Results

20 patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases presenting with ventricular tachycardia (VT) (n = 11) or frequent ventricular extrasystoles (n = 9) underwent DE‐MRI and/or endocardial electroanatomical mapping of the left ventricle (LV). Ten patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases underwent VT ablation. Global endomyocardial fibrosis without myocardial thickening and unrelated to coronary territories was detected by DE‐MRI or electroanatomical voltage mapping in 9 of 20 patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In the other patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, limited regions of predominantly epicardial (n = 4) and intramyocardial (n = 5) fibrosis or only minimal fibrosis (n = 2) were found using DE‐MRI. Endocardial low‐amplitude diastolic potentials and pre‐systolic Purkinje or fascicular potentials, mostly within fibrotic areas, were identified as the targets of successful VT ablation in 7 of 10 patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Conclusion

Global endomyocardial fibrosis can be a tool to diagnose severe cardiac involvement in autoimmune rheumatic diseases and may serve as the substrate of ventricular arrhythmias in a substantial part of patients.
miR‐3133 inhibits gastrointestinal cancer progression through activation of Hippo and p53 signalling pathways via multi‐targets
Authors: Zhou Ling , Guo Hui , Liao Quan , Zou Jianping , Le Yi , Fang Ziling , Xiong Jianping , Huang Shanshan , Deng Jun , Xiang Xiaojun
Published: August 2023

Background

Malignant cell growth and chemoresistance, the main obstacles in treating gastrointestinal cancer (GIC), rely on the Hippo and p53 signalling pathways. However, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of these pathways remain complex and poorly understood.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot and RT‐qPCR were used to analyse the expression of RNF146, miR‐3133 and key components of Hippo and p53 pathway. CCK‐8, colony formation, drug sensitivity assays and murine xenograft models were used to investigate the effect of RNF146 and miR‐3133 in GIC. Further exploration of the upstream regulatory mechanism was performed using bioinformatics analysis, dual‐luciferase reporter gene, immunoprecipitation assays and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP).

Results

Clinical samples, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that RNF146 exerts oncogenic effects in GIC by regulating the Hippo pathway. Bioinformatics analysis identified a novel miRNA, miR‐3133, as an upstream regulatory factor of RNF146. fluorescence in situ hybridization and RT‐qPCR assays revealed that miR‐3133 was less expressed in gastrointestinal tumour tissues and was associated with adverse pathological features. Functional assays and animal models showed that miR‐3133 promoted the proliferation and chemotherapy sensitivity of GIC cells. miR‐3133 affected YAP1 protein expression by targeting RNF146, AGK and CUL4A, thus activating the Hippo pathway. miR‐3133 inhibited p53 protein degradation and extended p53's half‐life by targeting USP15, SPIN1. BSP experiments confirmed that miR‐3133 promoter methylation is an important reason for its low expression.

Conclusion

miR‐3133 inhibits GIC progression by activating the Hippo and p53 signalling pathways via multi‐targets, including RNF146, thereby providing prognostic factors and valuable potential therapeutic targets for GIC.
Cas9‐targeted Nanopore sequencing rapidly elucidates the transposition preferences and DNA methylation profiles of mobile elements in plants
Authors: Merkulov Pavel , Gvaramiya Sofya , Dudnikov Maxim , Komakhin Roman , Omarov Murad , Kocheshkova Alina , Konstantinov Zakhar , Soloviev Alexander , Karlov Gennady , Divashuk Mikhail , Kirov Ilya
Published: August 2023

Transposable element insertions (TEIs) are an important source of genomic innovation by contributing to plant adaptation, speciation, and the production of new varieties. The often large, complex plant genomes make identifying TEIs from short reads difficult and expensive. Moreover, rare somatic insertions that reflect mobilome dynamics are difficult to track using short reads. To address these challenges, we combined Cas9‐targeted Nanopore sequencing (CANS) with the novel pipeline NanoCasTE to trace both genetically inherited and somatic TEIs in plants. We performed CANS of the EVADÉ (EVD) retrotransposon in wild‐type Arabidopsis thaliana and rapidly obtained up to 40× sequence coverage. Analysis of hemizygous T‐DNA insertion sites and genetically inherited insertions of the EVD transposon in the ddm1 (decrease in DNA methylation 1) genome uncovered the crucial role of DNA methylation in shaping EVD insertion preference. We also investigated somatic transposition events of the ONSEN transposon family, finding that genes that are downregulated during heat stress are preferentially targeted by ONSENs. Finally, we detected hypomethylation of novel somatic insertions for two ONSENs. CANS and NanoCasTE are effective tools for detecting TEIs and exploring mobilome organization in plants in response to stress and in different genetic backgrounds, as well as screening T‐DNA insertion mutants and transgenic plants.
Unsettling the return: Alternative curation and counterarchives
Authors: Bigenho Michelle , Stobart Henry
Published: August 2023

In this article, we complicate the notion of sonic return in the context of postmillennial digital media technologies that have transformed how Indigenous people of the Bolivian Andes engage self‐reflectively with their own music and dance practices. We take a capacious approach to the notion of the archive and argue that these media interactions, where people make and circulate their own audiovisual materials, represent a space of counterarchival work. We consider our distinct and changing approaches to sound recordings in our respective fieldwork and highlight how media‐making agency has entered the hands of Indigenous actors. Notable here is a striking preference for the audiovisual over the solely audio, a preference that throws into relief the idea of the sound archive and its future. We point to alternative forms of audiovisual curation that may not be shaped to the ends foreign researchers might imagine, but that nevertheless might lead to more decolonized engagements of the future. We consider a video—created as part of a campaign for women's singing of Potosí to be legally recognized in heritage law—and explore how this seemingly outsider‐focused audiovisual production involved Indigenous people in its making, reception, and recursive recirculation. We approach these issues by drawing on our multidecade and cross‐disciplinary research trajectories in the Bolivian Andes and our more recent collaborative research on heritage lawmaking during the government of Evo Morales (2006–2019).
“RIPEnglish”: Race, class and ‘good English’ in India
Authors: Highet Katy
Published: August 2023

This article explores how metapragmatic discourses on “good” and “bad” English in India are mobilized in ways that allow actors to negotiate their status as English speakers. Adopting an intersectional framework that highlights the relationality of colonial, racialized, and classed claims to authority, the article shows how the co‐naturalization of language and race shapes assessments of competency and legitimacy and how this is mitigated through anti‐Blackness and appeals to class status. These judgments of “good” and “bad” English work to reassert and undermine racialized authority over the language and position actors within an imagined, global stratified community of speakers. This ambivalent positioning not only helps actors negotiate relational legitimacy as English speakers but also works strategically to benefit certain speakers and reproduce colonial, class, and racial orders.
Influences of flavonoid (quercetin) inclusion to corn‐soybean‐gluten meal‐based diet on broiler performance
Authors: Biswas Sarbani , Cho Sungbo , Ahn Je Min , Kim In Ho
Published: August 2023

Quercetin (a predominant flavonoid) is considered to have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. This trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of graded doses of quercetin (QS) on growth efficiency, nutrient retention, faecal score, footpad lesion score, tibia ash and meat quality. In a 32‐day feeding test, a total of 576 1‐day‐old Ross 308 broilers (male) were allocated arbitrarily with an average body weight of 41 ± 0.5 g. The trial had four dietary treatments with eight repetitions of 18 birds per pen and a basal diet incorporating 0%, 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% of QS. As the QS dosage increased, body weight gain tended to increase linearly on Days 9–21 (p = 0.069) and overall period (p = 0.079). Similarly, feed intake increased (p = 0.009) linearly with the increasing doses of QS on Days 9–21. Likewise, there was a linear improvement in dry matter (p = 0.002) and energy (p = 0.016) digestibility after QS administration. Moreover, the inclusion of QS supplement (0%–0.06%) linearly increased (p = 0.012) tibia ash in broilers. However, the faecal score and footpad lesion score showed no significant outcome (p > 0.05). By giving broilers a graded amount of QS, the relative organ weights of breast muscle (p = 0.009) and spleen (p = 0.006) improved linearly, meat colour lightness increased (p = 0.015), redness tended to improve (p = 0.065) linearly and drip loss decreased (p = 0.015) linearly. The inclusion of QS in the graded‐level diet led to improvements in growth efficiency, nutrient absorption, meat quality and tibia ash, which recommended it as a beneficial feed additive for the broiler.
Changes in diet and supplement use in dogs with cancer
Authors: Kramer Matthew L. , Larsen Jennifer A. , Kent Michael S.
Published: August 2023

Background

Many dog owners alter their dog's nutritional regimen after a diagnosis of cancer. There are limited data as to specific changes made and reasons behind these changes.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To collect updated and detailed data on changes made by owners to their dog's diet and supplements after a cancer diagnosis.

Animals

Responses were collected from a survey of dog owners who brought their dogs to the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital's Oncology Service for the first time after a cancer diagnosis. Dogs with recurrence or presenting for a second type of cancer were excluded.

Methods

Eligible owners were surveyed between December 2020 and March 2022. The survey contained 62 questions regarding diet, supplement use, and treats, and how these were altered after a cancer diagnosis. Responses were matched to medical record data.

Results

One hundred twenty‐eight surveys were retained for analysis, including 120 respondents that completed the survey. In response to a cancer diagnosis, 54.8% (95% CI; 45.7%‐63.8%) of owners altered diets or supplements or both. The most common informational resource for dog diets was veterinarians (53.9%). Usage of home‐prepared foods significantly increased after a cancer diagnosis (P = .03). There was no significant difference in commercial diet usage before or after a diagnosis (P = .25). Joint support products were the most common supplements given both before (37.4%) and after (35.0%) diagnosis.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Many dog owners alter their dog's nutritional intake after a cancer diagnosis. These owners should be provided information relating to commonly observed alterations, including home‐prepared foods and supplements.
Anthropological knowledge under redaction: Meditations on race, health, and aesthetics
Authors: Edu Ugo Felicia
Published: August 2023

Emerging from experimentations with form during our 2021 inaugural BFHSS Collaboratory, this article dabbles in redaction while examining logics of race and aesthetics embedded in how health is defined, measured, and depicted. I also examine logics structuring who is legible as a producer of knowledge, whose body is one from which knowledge is extracted, and who can be given access to population groups for study. Form in this article offers a reflection on the appropriateness of Blackness and pushes for a reconsideration of the relationship between form and function, appropriate claim‐making, article writing, and engagement with scholarship.
Rice chromatin protein OsHMGB1 is involved in phosphate homeostasis and plant growth by affecting chromatin accessibility
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Fei , Lu Hong , Lin Rongbin , Liu Jiaming , Liu Yu , Xu Jiming , Wu Yunrong , Wang Zhiye , Zhou Ming , Mo Xiaorong , Wu Zhongchang , Shou Huixia , Zheng Shaojian , Mao Chuanzao
Published: August 2023

Although phosphorus is one of the most important essential elements for plant growth and development, the epigenetic regulation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) signaling is poorly understood.

In this study, we investigated the biological function and mode of action of the high‐mobility‐group box 1 protein OsHMGB1 in rice (Oryza sativa), using molecular and genetic approaches.

We determined that OsHMGB1 expression is induced by Pi starvation and encodes a nucleus‐localized protein. Phenotypic analysis of Oshmgb1 mutant and OsHMGB1 overexpression transgenic plants showed that OsHMGB1 positively regulates Pi homeostasis and plant growth. Transcriptome deep sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing indicated that OsHMGB1 regulates the expression of a series of phosphate starvation–responsive (PSR) genes by binding to their promoters. Furthermore, an assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin followed by sequencing revealed that OsHMGB1 is involved in maintaining chromatin accessibility. Indeed, OsHMGB1 occupancy positively correlated with genome‐wide chromatin accessibility and gene expression levels.

Our results demonstrate that OsHMGB1 is a transcriptional facilitator that regulates the expression of a set of PSR genes to maintain Pi homeostasis in rice by increasing the chromatin accessibility, revealing a key epigenetic mechanism that fine‐tune plant acclimation responses to Pi‐limited environments.
Light induces an increasing release of benzyl nitrile against diurnal herbivore Ectropis grisescens Warren attack in tea (Camellia sinensis) plants
Authors: Qian Jiajia , Liao Yinyin , Jian Guotai , Jia Yongxia , Zeng Lanting , Gu Dachuan , Li Hanxiang , Yang Yuhua
Published: August 2023

Herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are critical compounds that directly or indirectly regulate the tritrophic interactions among herbivores, natural enemies and plants. The synthesis and release of HIPVs are regulated by many biotic and abiotic factors. However, the mechanism by which multiple factors synergistically affect HIPVs release remains unclear. Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is the object of this study because of its rich and varied volatile metabolites. In this study, benzyl nitrile was released from herbivore‐attacked tea plants more in the daytime than at night, which was consistent with the feeding behaviour of tea geometrid (Ectropis grisescens Warren) larvae. The Y‐tube olfactometer assay and insect resistance analysis revealed that benzyl nitrile can repel tea geometrid larvae and inhibit their growth. On the basis of enzyme activities in transiently transformed Nicotiana benthamiana plants, CsCYP79 was identified as a crucial regulator in the benzyl nitrile biosynthetic pathway. Light signalling‐related transcription factor CsPIF1‐like and the jasmonic acid (JA) signalling‐related transcription factor CsMYC2 serve as the activator of CsCYP79 under light and damage conditions. Our study revealed that light (abiotic factor) and herbivore‐induced damage (biotic stress) synergistically regulate the synthesis and release of benzyl nitrile to protect plants from diurnal herbivorous tea geometrid larvae.
Spatial outward FDI: Evidence from China's multinational firms
Authors: Xie Yiqing , Yu Xiaobo , Yu Zhihong , Zhou Yu
Published: August 2023

This paper studies the impacts of geographic proximity and investment connection on the outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) decisions by Chinese multinational firms, including both greenfield investment and cross‐border merger and acquisition. We model firms' OFDI expansion with the lagged spatial structure, and collect outward FDI data of 3479 Chinese multinational firms from 2002 to 2013 whose investment destination covers more than 160 countries. We find that the spatial expansion of firms' existing OFDI play an important role in shaping their future investment decisions. Firstly, firms tends to invest in destinations that are closer to China, and expand further into destinations that are geographically closer to their existing OFDI locations. This is the geographic network effect. Secondly, we also find that firms are more likely to invest in countries with more intense FDI from China, and extend their OFDI networks to destinations with stronger investment connections with their existing subsidiary locations. This is the investment network effect. We show that these two effects are robust to alternative investment and geographic network measures and further controls.
Age and origin of a Guadalupian tuff in the E'Xi rift basin in South China: Evidence for the Emeishan continental hotspot track?
Authors: Li Minglong , Qiu Liang , Zheng Deshun , Yan Dan‐Ping , Zhang Youjun , Yang Boyong , Yang Mingyin , Cai Zhiyong , Xu Keyuan , Huang Qiang , Tian Wangxue
Published: August 2023

Unlike oceanic hotspot tracks, continental hotspot tracks are difficult to recognise, although they can provide unique insights into crustal deformation and intraplate magmatism. Here, we present whole‐rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotope, and zircon U–Pb age and Hf isotope data for a tuff from the E'Xi rift basin in the South China Block. The zircons yielded a 206Pb/238U age of 267.0 ± 2.0 Ma, which coincides with the Roadian–Wordian boundary. The whole‐rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotope data for the tuff indicate it had a mixed mantle–crust source. The zircon trace element and εHf(t) (−6.32 to +7.06) data are also consistent with such a source. Based on the sedimentological and tectonic history, and the geochronology and geochemistry of the tuff, we propose the tuff erupted in a rift and records the hidden hotspot track of the Emeishan mantle plume beneath the northern SCB.
A socio‐historical analysis of English in Libya
Authors: Gherwash Ghada
Published: August 2023

Political instability has been a mainstay in Libya since the Italian occupation in 1911. In the intervening years, the shifting political landscape has had an undeniable influence on the presence of English in the country. In this paper, I argue that Libya presents an ideal case study for Kachru's Concentric Circles of English, where ‘linguistic ammunition’ (Kachru, 1986: 121) is used to manipulate and control the masses and spread anti‐Western sentiment in this expanding circle country. To provide a much‐needed socio‐historical context for a country whose English language and linguistic history remains understudied (Hillman et al., 2020), this paper touches on key events in Libya's political history that have influenced the status of English and language use; from the Italian colonization, to Qaddafi's decade‐long ban of English, to the 2011 Revolution, and beyond. This paper is divided into six sections: (1) critical approaches to language policy (Tollefson, 1991) and Foucault's governmentality approach (1991); (2) demographic and geographic description of Libya; (3) historical and political overview; (4) educational language policy and the development of the education system; (5) English language policy in Libya (the ban on use of English in 1986 following the 1969 coup that brought Qaddafi to power and the reintroduction of English in the mid‐1990s); and will conclude with (6) English language in post‐Qaddafi Libya. Understanding these key moments in Libyan political history will provide the context needed to understand how a generation of Libyans found themselves without the linguistic skills necessary to compete in the global economy.
Perfectoid Shimura varieties and the Calegari–Emerton conjectures
Authors: Hansen David , Johansson Christian
Published: August 2023

We prove many new cases of a conjecture of Calegari–Emerton describing the qualitative properties of completed cohomology. The heart of our argument is a careful inductive analysis of completed cohomology on the Borel–Serre boundary. As a key input to this induction, we prove a new perfectoidness result for towers of minimally compactified Shimura varieties, generalizing previous work of Scholze.
Characterizing the Effect of Sinusoidal Wall Amplitude on Turbulent Wall Jet Flow Parameters
Authors: Kumari Archana , Kumar Amitesh
Published: August 2023

The influence of wavy wall amplitude on the turbulent wall jet flow parameters has been investigated experimentally. For the present study, a sinusoidal wavy wall (y=A* sin(ωx)) has been used where “A=Amp/a” is the amplitude, which is normalized by the nozzle height “a.” The amplitude of the wavy wall is varied as 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6, and the results are compared with the results of plane wall jet. The constant temperature anemometer (CTA) has been used for the measurement of flow by using a transverse mechanism. The results for the mean velocity profile, turbulent intensity, and power spectral density are plotted at the crest and trough separately for more clear discussions. From the velocity profile, it is noticed that the formation of self-similar profile is delayed as the amplitude increases from 0.2 to 0.6, which means flow takes longer time to develop. There is an increase in the local maximum streamwise velocity Umax at crests for increasing amplitude. At the first crest, the rise in Umax is maximum, i.e., Umax is increased by 26%, 37%, and 60% for the amplitudes 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6, respectively, with respect to the plane wall case. In the near flow field, the turbulent intensity also becomes larger for the higher amplitude, which shows higher intermixing of fluid within the jet. This paper also produces the benchmark results which can be used for the validation of the numerical model dealing with the turbulent wall jet flowing over a wavy surface.