bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical incident exposure among custody and noncustody correctional workers: Prevalence and impact of violent exposure to work‐related trauma
Authors: Jaegers Lisa A. , El Ghaziri Mazen , Katz Ian M. , Ellison Jared M. , Vaughn Michael G. , Cherniack Martin G.
Published: April 2022

Background

Correctional workers are at high risk for exposure to trauma, both as direct violence and as threats to their safety and well‐being. The distress associated with these critical incidents (CIs) affects mental and physical health. Current tools are limited for detecting CIs in this workforce and are therefore insufficient for addressing correctional worker trauma.

Methods

Community prison employees (N = 105) self‐reported CIs using the adapted Correctional Worker Critical Incident Survey (CWCIS). We examined: (1) prevalence of CIs and occurrences, (2) differences in exposures to CIs by custody and noncustody staff, and (3) differences in job satisfaction, posttraumatic stress (PTSD), lower back disease, and health behaviors, such as missed work and sleep.

Results

CIs occurred among most staff (59%) and more often for custody staff as compared to noncustody staff. CIs most often experienced were coworker injury, exposure to disease, and badly beaten adults (frequency 10−50). For the 1−9 frequency category, the most described events were: seeing someone dying, life threatened, and coworker injury. PTSD was identified in 44% of staff, and those who experienced CIs reported lower job satisfaction, greater feelings of PTSD, and more work absences than those not experiencing CIs (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

CIs and PTSD are prevalent among custody and noncustody correctional workers; and job dissatisfaction, PTSD, and work absence are significantly worse for those who experienced CIs. The CWCIS detected CIs; future study is needed to inform trauma prevention, reduction, and rehabilitation interventions specific to correctional work.
To drum or not to drum: Selectivity in tree buttress drumming by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Nimba Mountains, Guinea
Authors: Fitzgerald Maegan , Willems Erik P. , Gaspard Soumah Aly , Matsuzawa Tetsuro , Koops Kathelijne
Published: April 2022

Chimpanzees live in fission‐fusion social organizations, which means that party size, composition, and spatial distribution are constantly in flux. Moreover, chimpanzees use a remarkably extensive repertoire of vocal and nonvocal forms of communication, thought to help convey information in such a socially and spatially dynamic setting. One proposed form of nonvocal communication in chimpanzees is buttress drumming, in which an individual hits a tree buttress with its hands and/or feet, thereby producing a low‐frequency acoustic signal. It is often presumed that this behavior functions to communicate over long distances and is, therefore, goal‐oriented. If so, we would expect chimpanzees to exhibit selectivity in the choice of trees and buttresses used in buttress drumming. Selectivity is a key attribute of many other goal‐directed chimpanzee behaviors, such as nut‐cracking and ant dipping. Here, we investigate whether chimpanzees at the Seringbara study site in the Nimba Mountains, Guinea, West Africa, show selectivity in their buttress drumming behavior. Our results indicate that Seringbara chimpanzees are more likely to use larger trees and select buttresses that are thinner and have a greater surface area. These findings imply that tree buttress drumming is not a random act, but rather goal‐oriented and requires knowledge of suitable trees and buttresses. Our results also point to long‐distance communication as a probable function of buttress drumming based on selectivity for buttress characteristics likely to impact sound propagation. This study provides a foundation for further assessing the cognitive underpinnings and functions of buttress drumming in wild chimpanzees.
Comparison between midazolam and propofol in acute phase for ventilated patients with sepsis: a post‐hoc analysis of the DESIRE trial
Authors: Miyagawa Noriko , Kawazoe Yu , Sato Tetsuya , Kushimoto Shigeki , Miyamoto Kyohei , Ohta Yoshinori , Morimoto Takeshi , Yamamura Hitoshi ,   DESIRE Trial Investigators
Published: April 2022

Aim

There are few assessments of sedatives during the acute phase under sedation protocols for patients with sepsis. We aimed to compare the influence of different sedation strategies using midazolam and propofol under light sedation on clinical outcomes of ventilated patients with sepsis.

Methods

This study was a post‐hoc analysis of data from the dexmedetomidine for sepsis in the ICU Randomized Evaluation (DESIRE) trial. Patients were divided into propofol and midazolam groups based on continuously used drug, and sedation control between groups compared on day three. We assessed the incidence of delirium, length of ICU stay, number of ventilator‐free days within the first 28 days, and mortality after 28 days.

Results

The midazolam and propofol groups consisted of 51 and 66 patients, respectively. Both groups had similar characteristics, except for age and emergency surgery. The number of well‐controlled sedation patients in the propofol group on day three was significantly higher than that in the midazolam group (odds ratio [OR] 3.9, 95% CI [1.30, 11.7]). The incidence of daily coma and delirium within the initial week was different between groups and increased with midazolam administration (P = 0.0138). The number of Confusion Assessment Method for ICU‐positive patients was significantly higher in the midazolam group than in the propofol group (OR 5.71, 95% CI [2.30, 14.2]).

Conclusion

In patients with sepsis required mechanical ventilation, sedation with midazolam based on a light sedation protocol may be associated with inappropriate sedation during the acute phase, with increased coma and delirium as compared to propofol.
Quantum Version of the k‐NN Classifier Based on a Quantum Sorting Algorithm
Authors: Quezada L. F. , Sun Guo‐Hua , Dong Shi‐Hai
Published: April 2022

In this work a quantum sorting algorithm with adaptable requirements of memory and circuit depth is introduced, and is used to develop a new quantum version of the classical machine learning algorithm known as k‐nearest neighbors (k‐NN). Both the efficiency and performance of this new quantum version of the k‐NN algorithm are compared to those of the classical k‐NN and another quantum version proposed by Schuld et al. Results show that the efficiency of both quantum algorithms is similar to each other and superior to that of the classical algorithm. On the other hand, the performance of the proposed quantum k‐NN algorithm is superior to the one proposed by Schuld et al. and similar to that of the classical k‐NN.
Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Under Visible Light Enabled by a Particulate Conjugated Polymer Loaded with Palladium and Iridium**
Authors: Bai Yang , Li Chao , Liu Lunjie , Yamaguchi Yuichi , Bahri Mounib , Yang Haofan , Gardner Adrian , Zwijnenburg Martijn A. , Browning Nigel D. , Cowan Alexander J. , Kudo Akihiko , Cooper Andrew I. , Sprick Reiner Sebastian
Published: April 2022

Polymer photocatalysts have received growing attention in recent years for photocatalytic hydrogen production from water. Most studies report hydrogen production with sacrificial electron donors, which is unsuitable for large‐scale hydrogen energy production. Here we show that the palladium/iridium oxide‐loaded homopolymer of dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone (P10) facilitates overall water splitting to produce stoichiometric amounts of H2 and O2 for an extended period (>60 hours) after the system stabilized. These results demonstrate that conjugated polymers can act as single component photocatalytic systems for overall water splitting when loaded with suitable co‐catalysts, albeit currently with low activities. Transient spectroscopy shows that the IrO2 co‐catalyst plays an important role in the generation of the charge separated state required for water splitting, with evidence for fast hole transfer to the co‐catalyst.
Ionic Liquid Stabilizes Olefin Facilitated Transport Membranes Against Reduction
Authors: Park Sejoon , Morales‐Collazo Oscar , Freeman Benny , Brennecke Joan F.
Published: April 2022

Separation of olefins from their paraffin analogs relies on energy‐intensive cryogenic distillation. Facilitated transport‐based membranes that reversibly and selectively bind olefins, but not paraffins, could save considerable amounts of energy. However, the chemical instability of the silver ion olefin‐binding carriers in such membranes has been a longstanding roadblock for this approach. We discovered long‐term carrier stability against extended exposure to hydrogen, a common contaminant in such streams. Based on UV/Vis absorption and Raman spectroscopy, along with XRD analysis results, certain ionic liquids solubilize silver ions, and anion aggregates surrounding the silver ion carriers greatly attenuate their reduction by hydrogen. Here, we report the stability of olefin/paraffin separation properties under continuous exposure to high pressure hydrogen, which addresses a critical technical roadblock in membrane‐based olefin/paraffin separation.
Dynamic Covalent Self‐Assembly of Chloride‐ and Ion‐Pair‐Templated Cryptates
Authors: Hollstein Selina , Shyshov Oleksandr , Hanževački Marko , Zhao Jie , Rudolf Tamara , Jäger Christof M. , von Delius Max
Published: April 2022

While supramolecular hosts capable of binding and transporting anions and ion pairs are now widely available, self‐assembled architectures are still rare, even though they offer an inherent mechanism for the release of the guest ion(s). In this work, we report the dynamic covalent self‐assembly of tripodal, urea‐based anion cryptates that are held together by two orthoester bridgeheads. These hosts exhibit affinity for anions such as Cl−, Br−or I−in the moderate range that is typically advantageous for applications in membrane transport. In unprecedented experiments, we were able to dissociate the Cs⋅Cl ion pair by simultaneously assembling suitably sized orthoester hosts around the Cs+and the Cl−ion.
Ferroelectric Polymer Drives Performance Enhancement of Non‐fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Jiawei , Huang Bin , Li Wenhao , Zhang Lifu , Jeong Sang Young , Huang Shaorong , Zhang Shijing , Wu Feiyan , Xu Xiaoli , Zou Guifu , Woo Han Young , Chen Yiwang , Chen Lie
Published: April 2022

Enhancing the built‐in electric field to promote charge dynamitic process is of great significance to boost the performance of the non‐fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs), which has rarely been concerned. In this work, we introduced a cheap ferroelectric polymer as an additive into the active layers of non‐fullerene OSCs to improve the device performance. An additional and permanent electrical field was produced by the polarization of the ferroelectric dipoles, which can substantially enhance the built‐in electric field. The promoted exciton separation, significantly accelerated charge transport, reduced the charge recombination, as well as the optimized film morphology were observed in the device, leading to a significantly improved performance of the PVDF‐modified OSCs with various active layers, such as PM6 : Y6, PM6 : BTP‐eC9, PM6 : IT‐4F and PTB7‐Th : Y6. Especially, a record efficiency of 17.72 % for PM6 : Y6‐based OSC and an outstanding efficiency of 18.17 % for PM6 : BTP‐eC9‐based OSC were achieved.
Total Synthesis of Starfish Cyclic Steroid Glycosides
Authors: Zhu Dapeng , Geng Mingyu , Yu Biao
Published: April 2022

Starfishes have evolved with a special type of secondary metabolites, namely starfish saponins, to ward off various predators and parasites; among them, the starfish cyclic steroid glycosides stand out structurally, featuring a unique 16‐membered ring formed by bridging the steroidal C3 and C6 with a trisaccharide. The rigid cyclic scaffold and the congested and vulnerable steroid‐sugar etherate linkage present an unprecedented synthetic challenge. Here we report a collective total synthesis of the major starfish cyclic steroid glycosides, namely luzonicosides A (1) and D (2) and sepositoside A (3), with an innovative approach, which entails a de novo construction of the ether‐linked hexopyranosyl units, use of olefinic pyranoses as sugar precursors, and a decisive ring‐closing glycosylation under the mild gold(I)‐catalyzed conditions.
Polyoxometalate‐Surfactant Assemblies: Responsiveness to Orthogonal Stimuli
Authors: Xia Zhiqin , Lin Chang‐Gen , Yang Yang , Wang Yongkang , Wu Zhanpeng , Song Yu‐Fei , Russell Thomas P. , Shi Shaowei
Published: April 2022

Integrating different types of supramolecular interactions opens the possibility to generate nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) at the liquid–liquid interface that are responsive to multiple stimuli. Here we develop a covalently modified polyoxometalate/β‐cyclodextrin (POM/β‐CD) organic–inorganic hybrid, consisting of a negatively charged POM cluster with β‐CD host groups. The POM/β‐CD hybrid can be dispersed in water and interacts at a water/oil interface with ligands dissolved in an oil phase through electrostatic or host–guest interactions, thereby generating POM‐surfactants (POMSs) having pH, redox, and guest‐competitive responsiveness, respectively. By taking advantage of the jamming of POMSs at the interface, a reconfigurable all‐liquid system could be produced that is responsive to orthogonal changes in the external environment.
Synthesis of Giant Dendritic Polyphenylenes with 366 and 546 Carbon Atoms and Their High‐vacuum Electrospray Deposition
Authors: Hou Ian Cheng‐Yi , Hinaut Antoine , Scherb Sebastian , Meyer Ernst , Narita Akimitsu , Müllen Klaus
Published: April 2022

Dendritic polyphenylenes (PPs) can serve as precursors of nanographenes (NGs) if their structures represent 2D projections without overlapping benzene rings. Here, we report the synthesis of two giant dendritic PPs fulfilling this criteria with 366 and 546 carbon atoms by applying a “layer‐by‐layer” extension strategy. Although our initial attempts on their cyclodehydrogenation toward the corresponding NGs in solution were unsuccessful, we achieved their deposition on metal substrates under ultrahigh vacuum through the electrospray technique. Scanning probe microscopy imaging provides valuable information on the possible thermally induced partial planarization of such giant dendritic PPs on a metal surface.
Herausforderungen für ein Lebenszyklusmanagement für Bauwerke der Verkehrsinfrastruktur – Ergebnisse von leitfadengeführten Experteninterviews
Authors: Hindersmann Iris , Staub Stefan
Published: April 2022

Die Erhaltung der Verkehrsinfrastruktur in Deutschland ist häufig durch ein reaktives Vorgehen geprägt. Im Rahmen von Experteninterviews mit Vertretern der Verkehrsträger Schiene, Straße und Wasserstraße wurde über das aktuelle Vorgehen in Bezug auf die Erhaltung der Verkehrsinfrastrukturbauwerke sowie Herausforderungen gesprochen. Dabei stand die Einbettung der Erhaltungsstrategie in ein Lebenszyklusmanagement im Fokus. Das Prozess‐, Betriebs‐ und Deutungswissen der Experten half dabei, umfassende Informationen zusammenzutragen. Im Ergebnis konnte die Verknüpfung sowohl zwischen Forschung und Praxis als auch zwischen den einzelnen Verkehrsträgern intensiviert und die Grundlagen zur Einführung eines Lebenszyklusmanagements zusammengetragen werden.
Validierung von daten‐ und modellbasierten Methoden zur Schadenslokalisierung
Authors: Hübler Clemens , Hofmeister Benedikt , Wernitz Stefan , Rolfes Raimund
Published: April 2022

Ingenieurbauwerke zeichnen sich u. a. durch ihre Individualität und ihre Langlebigkeit aus. Daher spielt die messtechnische Überwachung von Ingenieurbauwerken eine entscheidende Rolle. Mithilfe von Methoden der Strukturüberwachung können Veränderungen oder Schäden frühzeitig detektiert, lokalisiert und ggf. sogar quantifiziert werden. In Kombination mit einer numerischen Modellbildung können darüber hinaus Digitale Zwillinge erschaffen werden. Digitale Zwillinge bilden Bauwerke über ihr gesamtes Leben ab und können somit helfen, sowohl den Entwurf als auch den Betrieb zu optimieren. Eine Herausforderung bei der Entwicklung von Methoden der Strukturüberwachung ist deren Validierung im Zusammenhang mit realen Anwendungen. In diesem Beitrag wird daher eine Teststruktur vorgestellt, die explizit zur Validierung von Methoden der Strukturüberwachung entwickelt wurde. Die Messdaten der Struktur stehen für Forschungs‐ und Industrieanwendungen frei zur Verfügung. Zwei unterschiedliche Methoden (daten‐ und modellbasiert) zur Schadenslokalisation werden vorgestellt, verglichen und validiert.
Monotonicity conditions for avoiding counterintuitive decisions in basket trials
Authors: Baumann Lukas , Krisam Johannes , Kieser Meinhard
Published: April 2022

In a basket trial, a new treatment is tested in different subgroups, called the baskets. In oncology, the baskets usually comprise patients with different primary tumor sites but a common biomarker. Most basket trials are uncontrolled phase II trials and investigate a binary endpoint such as tumor response. To combine the data of baskets that show a similar response to the treatment, many basket trial designs use Bayesian borrowing methods. This increases the power compared to a basketwise analysis. However, it can lead to posterior probabilities that are not monotonically increasing in the number of responses. We show that, as a consequence, two types of counterintuitive decisions can arise—one that occurs within a single trial and one that occurs when the results are compared between different trials. We propose two monotonicity conditions for the inference in basket trials. Using a design recently proposed by Fujikawa and colleagues, we investigate the case of a single‐stage basket trial with equal sample sizes in all baskets and show that, as the number of baskets increases, these conditions are violated for a wide range of different borrowing strengths. We show that in the investigated scenarios pruning baskets can help to ensure that the monotonicity conditions hold and investigate how this affects type I error rate and power.
Whole‐cell biosynthesis of cytarabine by an unnecessary protein‐reduced Escherichia coli that coexpresses purine and uracil phosphorylase
Authors: Ping Li , Ruxian Jing , Mengping Zhou , Pei Jia , Zhuoya Li , Guosheng Liu , Zhenyu Wang , Hailei Wang
Published: April 2022

Currently, whole‐cell catalysts face challenges due to the complexity of reaction systems, although they have a cost advantage over pure enzymes. In this study, cytarabine was synthesized by purified purine phosphorylase 1 (PNP1) and uracil phosphorylase (UP), and the conversion of cytarabine from adenine arabinoside reached 72.3 ± 4.3%. However, the synthesis was unsuccessful by whole‐cell catalysis due to interference from unnecessary proteins (UNPs) in cells. Thus, we carried out a large‐scale gene editing involving 377 genes in the genome of Escherichia coli to reduce the negative effect of UNPs on substrate conversion and cytarabine production. Finally, the PNP1 and UP activities of the obtained mutant were increased significantly compared with the parental strain, and more importantly, the conversion rate of cytarabine by whole‐cell catalysis reached 67.4 ± 2.5%. The lack of 148 proteins and downregulation of 783 proteins caused by gene editing were equivalent to partial purification of the enzymes within cells, and thus, we provided inspiration to solve the problem caused by UNP interference, which is ubiquitous in the field of whole‐cell catalysis.
Abnormal functional connectivity of the striatum in first‐episode drug‐naive early‐onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Zhang Yan , Peng Yue , Song Yichen , Zhou Youqi , Zhang Sen , Yang Ge , Yang Yongfeng , Li Wenqiang , Yue Weihua , Lv Luxian , Zhang Dai
Published: April 2022

Abnormal brain network connectivity is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The striatum, consisting of the caudate and putamen, is the major treatment target for antipsychotics, the primary treatments for schizophrenia; however, there are few studies on the functional connectivity (FC) of striatum in drug‐naive early‐onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients. We examined the FC values of the caudate nucleus and putamen with whole brain by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI) and the associations with indices of clinical severity. Patients demonstrated abnormal FC between subregions of the putamen and both the visual network (left middle occipital gyrus) and default mode network (bilateral anterior cingulate, left superior frontal, and right middle frontal gyri). Furthermore, FC between dorsorostral putamen and left superior frontal gyrus correlated with both positive symptom subscore and total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). These findings demonstrate abnormal FC between the striatum and other brain areas even in the early stages of schizophrenia, supporting neurodevelopmental disruption in disease etiology and expression.
Assessment of corn stover pretreated with shock and alkali using methane‐arrested anaerobic digestion
Authors: Olokede Opeyemi , Hsu Shen‐chun , Ju Huang , Helms Elise , Broyles Aidan , Holtzapple Mark
Published: April 2022

Corn stover, an underutilized agricultural residue, is a promising lignocellulosic feedstock for producing biofuels. To fully utilize it, pretreatment is needed. Typically, pretreatments are rapidly assessed using extracellular enzymes that release sugars from cellulose and hemicellulose. In contrast, this study uses methane‐arrested anaerobic digestion (MAAD) to assess pretreatments. Although time consuming, MAAD is a more accurate assessment technique when lignocellulose is employed in the carboxylate platform, a promising approach that utilizes nearly all biomass components. Using recommended pretreatment conditions identified from a previous study, three corn stover pretreatments were compared using MAAD: (1) shock‐only, (2) NaOH‐only, and (3) shock + NaOH. Air‐dried sewage sludge was used as nutrient source. At 100 g/L initial substrate concentration, compared to untreated corn stover, shock‐only decreased conversion (amount of biomass digested) by 14%, NaOH‐only increased conversion by 82%, and shock + NaOH increased conversion by 104%. Using batch MAAD data, the continuum particle distribution model simulated four‐stage countercurrent fermentation. At an industrial non‐acid volatile solids (NAVS) concentration of 300 g/Lliq, for both NaOH‐only and shock + NaOH, the model predicts total carboxylic acid concentration of about 58 g/L and conversion of about 0.85 g NAVSdigested/g NAVSfed at liquid retention time of 35 days and volatile solid loading rate of 4 g/(Lliq⋅day). At this long solid residence time, shock is not necessary; however, with short solid residence times, shock acts synergistically to aid NaOH pretreatment. Shock treatment offers a way to reduce pretreatment costs without sacrificing pretreatment efficacy.
Association between preoperative serum Cystatin‐C levels and postsurgical oncological prognosis in patients with PRCC: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lu Shiyang , Li Shijie
Published: April 2022

Objective

Cystatin‐C (Cys‐C) is a predictor of several malignancies. However, whether Cys‐C levels predict prognosis in patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between Cys‐C and clinical outcomes in patients with PRCC.

Methods

The medical records of 137 patients with PRCC who underwent surgery at our institution from January 2008 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Data were divided into two subgroups based on cutoff values and the relationship between the Cys‐C group and their clinical outcomes was assessed.

Results

By the last follow‐up, 62 patients had died of various causes, 53 of whom died from PRCC. Sixty patients suffered recurrence or metastasis during follow‐up. Based on the cutoff value, the patients were divided into two groups: low Cys‐C group (Cys‐C < 1.25 mg/L, n = 92) and high Cys‐C group (Cys‐C ≥ 1.25 mg/L, n = 45). Pathological classification and serum Cys‐C levels were shown to be independent prognostic factors affecting clinical outcomes, according to multivariate Cox regression analysis (p < 0.05). After adjusting the Cox proportional hazards model, the risk of death was elevated in the high Cys‐C group. The results of the area under the curve for time‐dependent receiver operating characteristics analysis indicated that Cys‐C is a stable and reliable prognostic biomarker for predicting survival in patients with PRCC. Forest plots, constructed to better reflect the comparison of hazard ratios between the two groups, confirmed that Cys‐C levels were significantly associated with worsening overall survival.

Conclusion

This study is the first to examine the relationship between preoperative serum Cys‐C levels and prognostic overall survival in patients with PRCC. Cys‐C may be a useful biomarker for preoperative screening of high‐risk patients who may require adjuvant therapy.
Testis‐specific hnRNP is expressed in colorectal cancer cells and accelerates cell growth mediating ZDHHC11 mRNA stabilization
Authors: Murakami Yuki , Konishi Hiroaki , Fujiya Mikihiro , Takahashi Keitaro , Ando Katsuyoshi , Ueno Nobuhiro , Kashima Shin , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Okumura Toshikatsu
Published: April 2022

Various heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) have been reported to be associated with cancer cell growth. However, it remains unclear whether hnRNP G‐T, which is specifically expressed in the testis, is expressed in tumor cells, and whether hnRNP G‐T expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is associated with tumor progression. We herein report that hnRNP G‐T promoted cancer cell growth and stabilized mRNA of ZDHHC11 in CRC. The cell growth was inhibited by transfection of siRNA of hnRNP G‐T in cancer cells, but not in non‐cancerous epithelial cells. The tumor promotive effect of hnRNP G‐T was confirmed in an HCT116 transplanted mouse model. RT‐PCR and western blotting indicated the augmentation of hnRNP G‐T in CRC in comparison to non‐cancerous cells. The downregulation of hnRNP G‐T inhibited cancer cell growth and promoted apoptosis in CRC. A transcriptome analysis combined with immunoprecipitation revealed that hnRNP G‐T stabilized 174 mRNAs, including ZDHHC11 mRNA. The cell growth was also suppressed by the transfection of siRNA of ZDHHC11 and the mRNA and the protein expression were decreased by the transfection of siRNA of hnRNP G‐T. These results suggested that hnRNP G‐T promotes the cell growth of CRC by regulating the mRNA of ZDHHC11. Therefore, hnRNP G‐T will be highlighted as an effective therapeutic target with less adverse effects in CRC therapy.
Tongue metastasis originated from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Aledavood Seyed Amir , Akbari Oryani Mahsa , Pishevar Feizabad Zohreh
Published: April 2022

The tongue is a rare site for metastasis. In this report, we present a woman with a history of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who suffered from two metastatic masses on the left side of her tongue 2 years after completion of definitive chemoradiation. The patient underwent chemotherapy and left hemi‐glossectomy.
Intravascular lymphoma masquerading as septic shock
Authors: Kato Hiroki , Miyazaki Shinichi , Yabu Kodai , Sawada Yumi , Kondo Yuki , Aoyama Tadashi , Nara Yoshiharu , Yano Motoyoshi
Published: April 2022

Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare type of extranodal lymphoma that selectively affects small blood vessels. We report a patient who presented with dyspnea and weight loss as well as refractory shock and multiple‐organ dysfunction. The postmortem revealed disseminated involvement of an IVL but no evidence of infection.
Pneumoscrotum secondary to pneumothorax: Clinical images
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba , Kasapato Tshisola Miji
Published: April 2022

This clinical image presents an unusual association of pneumoscrotum and pneumothorax in a trauma setting. Clinicians managing chest trauma patients need to be aware of such association. The etiology of pneumoscrotum must be clarified through history, physical examination, and investigations as necessary considering that its management targets the primary cause.
Eco‐conception of Highly Salt‐Tolerant Alkyl Ether Carboxylate Hydrotropes with a Glyceryl Spacer
Authors: Herbinski Aurélien , Illous Estelle , Métay Estelle , Ontiveros Jesus F. , Aubry Jean‐Marie , Lemaire Marc
Published: April 2022

New alkyl ether carboxylates with a glyceryl spacer instead of ethylene glycol units have been synthesised using environmentally friendly methodology. A cascade synthesis of acetalisation and hydrogenolysis was developed to obtain products containing an alkyl chain linked to a glycerol unit bearing a polar carboxylate head. These products were methylated by using trimethyl phosphate to observe the influence of a free or methoxylated alcohol on the physicochemical properties. Finally, saponification gave the carboxylate anionic group of the new hydrotropes. Studying the amphiphilicity, the tolerance to sodium and calcium ions, and the solubilising power of these bio‐based ionic/nonionic hydrotropes has shown that they exhibit significantly improved application properties compared to similar petro‐based hydrotropes.
A Single Bioinspired Hexameric Nickel Catechol–Alloxazine Catalyst Combines Metal and Radical Mechanisms for Alkene Hydrosilylation
Authors: Das Agnideep , Schleinitz Jules , Karmazin Lydia , Vincent Bruno , Le Breton Nolwenn , Rogez Guillaume , Guenet Aurélie , Choua Sylvie , Grimaud Laurence , Desage‐El Murr Marine
Published: April 2022

Mechanisms combining organic radicals and metallic intermediates hold strong potential in homogeneous catalysis. Such activation modes require careful optimization of two interconnected processes: one for the generation of radicals and one for their productive integration towards the final product. We report that a bioinspired polymetallic nickel complex can combine ligand‐ and metal‐centered reactivities to perform fast hydrosilylation of alkenes under mild conditions through an unusual dual radical‐ and metal‐based mechanism. This earth‐abundant polymetallic complex incorporating a catechol‐alloxazine motif as redox‐active ligand operates at low catalyst loading (0.25 mol%) and generates silyl radicals and a nickel‐hydride intermediate through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) step. Evidence of an isomerization sequence enabling terminal hydrosilylation of internal alkenes points towards the involvement of the nickel‐hydride species in chain walking. This single catalyst promotes a hybrid pathway by combining synergistically ligand and metal participation in both inner‐ and outer‐ sphere processes.
The Online Cancer Nutrition Misinformation: A framework of behavior change based on exposure to cancer nutrition misinformation
Authors: Warner Echo L. , Basen‐Engquist Karen M. , Badger Terry A. , Crane Tracy E. , Raber‐Ramsey Margaret
Published: April 2022

Background

Patients with cancer and caregivers increasingly use the internet to find health and lifestyle information, yet online recipes, diet, and nutrition content are unregulated and may be confusing or even misleading. We describe cancer‐related nutrition and meal planning information from Pinterest.

Methods

In June 2020, we searched Pinterest using “cancer recipe” and “recipe for cancer” at 3 times daily for 2 weeks. Duplicates were removed for a final sample of n = 103 pins. Each pin was coded for 58 variables including descriptives, cancer claims (eg, treatment, prevention, and cure), and nutrition claims (eg, “turmeric cures cancer”). We summarized each variable to describe the content of cancer nutrition claims on Pinterest and examined associations between claim types and contextual factors, including the use of academic citations, disclaimers, and personal anecdotes.

Results

Pinners had on average 116,767 followers (range, 0‐1.5 million). Almost half of content sites were for profit (48.5%) and 34% were selling a product. Health claims were common, with content that purported to prevent (41.8%), treat (27.2%), or cure (10.7%) cancer. Vague phrases such as “anti‐cancer,” “cancer‐fighting,” or “cancer‐busting” were also used. The inclusion of validity indicators including academic citations, disclaimers, and personal anecdotes varied significantly by the types of claims made. Together, these analyses informed the development of a conceptual framework of cancer‐related nutrition misinformation.

Conclusions

There are clear financial incentives for the promotion of cancer nutrition information online. More research is needed to understand how exposure to nutrition information can influence patient/caregiver behavior and downstream clinical and psychosocial outcomes.
Outcomes based on histopathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy in children with bilateral Wilms tumor: A prospective study (COG AREN0534)
Authors: Chintagumpala Murali M. , Perlman Elizabeth J. , Tornwall Brett , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Kim Yeonil , Hoffer Fredric A. , Kalapurakal John A. , Warwick Anne B. , Shamberger Robert C. , Khanna Geetika , Hamilton Thomas E. , Gow Kenneth W. , Paulino Arnold C. , Gratias Eric J. , Mullen Elizabeth A. , Geller James I. , Fernandez Conrad V. , Ritchey Michael L. , Grundy Paul E. , Dome Jeffrey S. , Ehrlich Peter F.
Published: April 2022

Background

An objective of the Children's Oncology Group AREN0534 Study was to improve the survival of patients with bilateral Wilms tumors (BWT) by using preoperative chemotherapy of limited duration and tailoring postoperative therapy based on histopathologic response. The authors report outcomes based on postoperative histopathologic responses.

Methods

Patients with BWT received treatment with vincristine, dactinomycin, and doxorubicin for 6 or 12 weeks followed by surgery. Postoperative therapy was prescribed based on the highest risk tumor according to the International Society of Pediatric Oncology classification and the Children's Oncology Group staging system.

Results

Analyses were performed on data from 180 evaluable children. The 4‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 81% (95% CI, 74%‐87%) and 95% (95% CI, 91%‐99%), respectively. Seven patients who had completely necrotic tumors had a 4‐year EFS rate of 100%. Of 118 patients who had tumors with intermediate‐risk histopathology, the 4‐year EFS and OS rates were 82% (95% CI, 74%‐90%) and 97% (95% CI, 94%‐100%), respectively. Fourteen patients who had blastemal‐type tumors had 4‐year EFS and OS rates of 79% (95% CI, 56%‐100%) and 93% (95% CI, 79%‐100%), respectively. Eighteen patients who had diffuse anaplasia had 4‐year EFS and OS rates of 61% (95% CI, 35%‐88%) and 72% (95% CI, 47%‐97%), respectively; and the 4‐year EFS and OS rates of 7 patients who had focal anaplasia were 71% (95% CI, 38%‐100%) and 100%, respectively. There was no difference in the outcomes of patients who had different histopathologic subtypes within the intermediate‐risk group (P = .54).

Conclusions

A risk‐adapted treatment approach for BWT results in excellent outcomes. This approach was not successful in improving the outcome of patients who had diffuse anaplasia.
Compressive strength prediction of structural lightweight concrete by applying the recurrent neural network‐fractional order bat optimization algorithm
Authors: Khajehzadeh Mohammad
Published: April 2022

Neural networks methods produce an analysis in various fields. The Neural Network is frequently employed for developing statistical methods for nonlinear systems since, the Neural Networks use the simulation benefits of complicated behavior in several problems. In this study, the Recurrent Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network based on Fractional Order Bat Optimization Algorithm is utilized for predicting the compressive strength of Lightweight Concrete mixes in 3, 7, 14, and 28 days curing. Recurrent Neural Network has been used for having a comparison. The inputs to the network for the compressive strength are made of eight variables: sand, lightweight fine aggregate, water to cement ratio, silica fume utilized in solution, Lightweight course aggregate, silica fume utilized supplementary to cement, curing period, and superplasticizer. According to the results, the Recurrent Neural Network based on Fractional Order Bat Optimization Algorithm has predicted precise outcomes and trained so fast in comparison with RNN method.by considering the outcomes, the Neural Networks methods are satisfactory mechanisms to evaluate the LWC compressive strength. This can decrease the price and reduce the time of processes in these problems.
Which, who and when? Therapeutic processes in group cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders
Authors: Luong Hoang K. , Roberge Pasquale , Provencher Martin D. , Kilby Christopher J. , Drummond Sean P. A. , Norton Peter J.
Published: April 2022

The evidence for the effect of therapeutic alliance in group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders is unclear. Identifying whether the alliance–outcome relationship depends on (1) which components are assessed, (2) who is measuring the alliance and (3) when the alliance is measured will help to clarify the role of the client–therapist relationship in therapy. The present study explored the effects of alliance component (agreement vs. bond), rater perspective (client vs. therapist) and timing (early vs. late therapy) on the alliance–outcome relationship. Individuals with an anxiety disorder enrolled into transdiagnostic group CBT were studied, with n = 78 at early therapy and n = 57 at late therapy. Results showed that greater client‐rated agreement significantly predicted improved post‐treatment outcomes throughout the course of therapy, while stronger client‐rated bond in late therapy predicted reduced treatment gains. In contrast, therapist perceptions of agreement and bond were not associated with post‐treatment outcomes at any point in therapy. Client‐reported group cohesion also was not associated with additional variance in outcome after accounting for client‐rated alliance. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of prioritizing the client's perception of the client–therapist relationship in CBT for anxiety disorders, as well as distinguishing the effects of component, rater and timing in future process–outcome studies.
Characterization of Complex Drug Formulations Using Cryogenic Scanning Electron Microscopy (Cryo‐SEM)
Authors: Liang Jing , Koo Bonhye , Wu Yong , Manna Soumyarwit , Noble Jade M. , Patel Mehulkumar , Park Jin H. , Kozak Darby , Wang Yan , Zheng Jiwen
Published: April 2022

The physicochemical properties of complex drug formulations, including liposomes, suspensions, and emulsions, are important for understanding drug release mechanisms, quality control, and regulatory assessment. It is ideal to characterize these complex drug formulations in their native hydrated state. This article describes the characterization of complex drug formulations in a frozen‐hydrated state using cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo‐SEM). In comparison to other techniques, such as optical microscopy or room‐temperature scanning electron microscopy, cryo‐SEM combines the advantage of studying hydrated samples with high‐resolution imaging capability. Detailed information regarding cryo‐fixation, cryo‐fracture, freeze‐etching, sputter‐coating, and cryo‐SEM imaging is included in this article. A multivesicular liposomal complex drug formulation is used to illustrate the impact of different cryogenic sample preparation conditions. In addition to drug formulations, this approach can also be applied to biological samples (e.g., cells, bacteria) and soft‐matter samples (e.g., hydrogels). © Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Basic Protocol 1: Cryo‐fixation to preserve the native structure of samples using planchettes

Alternate Protocol: Cryo‐fixation to preserve the native structure of biological samples on sapphire disks

Basic Protocol 2: Sample preparation for cross‐sectional cryo‐SEM imaging

Basic Protocol 3: Cryo‐SEM imaging and microanalysis
Adults' narratives of positive and negative conflicts
Authors: Tamm Anni , Tõugu Pirko
Published: April 2022

The study aimed to find out which features of conflict contribute to making it a positive experience and which features lead to conflict being evaluated negatively. The sample included 65 adults who provided narratives of positive and negative conflicts. The narratives of positive and negative conflicts were similar in the context and topics: Adults most frequently narrated about conflicts at work and in close relationships that were about differences in values, relationship issues, and resources. The findings suggest that desirable outcomes contribute most strongly to conflicts being viewed positively. In narratives about negative conflicts, participants described undesirable outcomes, but also the conflict process and negative emotions. The behavior of the conflict parties and reaching a solution were the two specific features determining whether the conflict was viewed as positive or negative. The findings have practical implications for improving conflict resolution.
Integrated Cascade Process for the Catalytic Conversion of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to Furanic and TetrahydrofuranicDiethers as Potential Biofuels
Authors: Fulignati Sara , Antonetti Claudia , Tabanelli Tommaso , Cavani Fabrizio , Raspolli Galletti Anna Maria
Published: April 2022

The depletion of fossil resources is driving the research towards alternative renewable ones. Under this perspective, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) represents a key molecule deriving from biomass characterized by remarkable potential as platform chemical. In this work, for the first time, the hydrogenation of HMF in ethanol was selectively addressed towards 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) or 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (BHMTHF) by properly tuning the reaction conditions in the presence of the same commercial catalyst (Ru/C), reaching the highest yields of 80 and 93 mol%, respectively. These diols represent not only interesting monomers but strategic precursors for two scarcely investigated ethoxylated biofuels, 2,5‐bis(ethoxymethyl)furan (BEMF) and 2,5‐bis(ethoxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (BEMTHF). Therefore, the etherification with ethanol of pure BHMF and BHMTHF and of crude BHMF, as obtained from hydrogenation step, substrates scarcely investigated in the literature, was performed with several commercial heterogeneous acid catalysts. Among them, the zeolite HZSM‐5 (Si/Al=25) was the most promising system, achieving the highest BEMF yield of 74 mol%. In particular, for the first time, the synthesis of the fully hydrogenated diether BEMTHF was thoroughly studied, and a novel cascade process for the tailored conversion of HMF to the diethyl ethers BEMF and BEMTHF was proposed.
Harmonic analysis of VHF resonant converter based on equivalent nonlinear controlled model
Authors: Jiang Xinyi , Chen Yanfeng , Zhang Bo , Qiu Dongyuan , Xie Fan
Published: April 2022

Lifting operating frequency can effectively reduce the size of energy‐storage components and increase the power density of converters, thus the very high frequency (VHF) resonant converters can find wide applications in practice. In order to further study the characteristics of VHF converters, a modeling method is presented for solving the state variables. First, according to the analysis of a typical VHF converter's operating modes, a unified equivalent circuit is established, which contains nonlinear controlled current sources. Then the mathematical model of the equivalent circuit is derived and solved by using the equivalent small parameter (ESP) method. And the approximate analytical solutions of state variables can be finally obtained, which are composed of a DC component and various harmonics. It is shown that the obtained solutions are accurate enough as the results from the proposed method agree well with the simulations and experimental results. Furthermore, the approximate analytical expressions for harmonics of state variables can be used as a guide for circuit design and stability analysis of the converter.
Targeting transforming growth factor‐ß signalling for cancer prevention and intervention: Recent advances in developing small molecules of natural origin
Authors: Tewari Devesh , Priya Anu , Bishayee Anusha , Bishayee Anupam
Published: April 2022

Background

Cancer is the world's second leading cause of death, but a significant advancement in cancer treatment has been achieved within the last few decades. However, major adverse effects and drug resistance associated with standard chemotherapy have led towards targeted treatment options.

Objectives

Transforming growth factor‐ß (TGF‐ß) signalling plays a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, regeneration, and tissue homeostasis. The prime objective of this review is to decipher the role of TGF‐ß in oncogenesis and to evaluate the potential of various natural and synthetic agents to target this dysregulated pathway to confer cancer preventive and anticancer therapeutic effects.

Methods

Various authentic and scholarly databases were explored to search and obtain primary literature for this study. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) criteria was followed for the review.

Results

Here we provide a comprehensive and critical review of recent advances on our understanding of the effect of various bioactive natural molecules on the TGF‐ß signalling pathway to evaluate their full potential for cancer prevention and therapy.

Conclusion

Based on emerging evidence as presented in this work, TGF‐ß‐targeting bioactive compounds from natural sources can serve as potential therapeutic agents for prevention and treatment of various human malignancies.
Performance improvement of Routing Protocol for Low‐Power and Lossy Networks protocol in an Internet of Things‐based smart retail system
Authors: Nazaralipoorsoomali Mohammad , Asghari Parvaneh , Javadi Seyyed Hamid Haj Seyyed
Published: April 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology improvement has led to concepts such as smart retail and supply chain management systems. The main problem with IoT‐based smart retail and supply chain management systems is the need for a high‐speed network for responding quickly to many transactions within the network. If the network is not able to respond to all transactions quickly, it will not be possible to handle all requests in time. Also, the network must be stable and reliable to ensure that all requests are received and answered. And finally, they must have a very low power consumption metric to reduce costs. This paper suggests a Multi‐Sink Routing Protocol for Low‐Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) topology for network node placement to achieve network performance improvement. The proposed topology is modeled in a simulated environment using an Instant Contiki operating system by Cooja simulator and is evaluated regarding the different performance metrics including packet delivery ratio (PDR), power consumption, node participation, and control traffic overhead. Also, the network behavior is analyzed by the Wireshark tool. The results show achieving better performance and improving the level of confidence.