bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Release as the Initial Presentation of Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
Authors: Jayadeep Sneha , Nandakrishna B. , Vidyasagar Sudha , Varma Muralidhar , Khan Mohammed Fahad , Pai Kanthilatha
Published: September 2020

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH) is a condition defined by the unsuppressed release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland or nonpituitary sources or its continued action on vasopressin receptors. Of the many causes of SIADH, an important one includes tumours that secrete ADH. We describe a rare case of a patient with colonic adenocarcinoma presenting initially as SIADH. A 60-year-old man presented with confusion and vomiting. Over the previous month he had fatigue and loss of weight. Baseline investigations showed a low serum sodium level of 108mmol/l. He was euvolaemic on examination and fulfilled the criteria for SIADH. Further evaluation and imaging tests revealed that the patient had adenocarcinoma of the colon. It is remarkable that our patient did not present with any of the cardinal symptoms/signs suggestive of colorectal carcinoma including haematochezia, change in bowel habits or iron-deficiency anaemia. Initial therapy with hypertonic saline, fluid restriction and salt diet for management of SIADH was unsuccessful. Tolvaptan was added to the treatment regimen and the patient improved dramatically. Oncology consultation was initiated, and chemotherapy for the carcinoma was planned.
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Update
Authors: Hu May Khei , Mathur Abhinav , Dempsey Owen J
Published: September 2020

Sarcoidosis remains difficult to diagnose, assess and treat. The last decade has brought significant diagnostic and therapeutic advances in the field of sarcoidosis including endobronchial ultrasound, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and biologics. In this article we use clinical vignettes to discuss commonly encountered cases to illustrate and explain the application of these, and other advances.
Rcpe Medical Trainees’ Annual Conference 2020: The On-Call Handbook
Authors: Lynch Ruairi
Published: September 2020

The Medical Trainees’ annual conference was held on 31 January 2020 at ATC venue in Manchester
Trends in eastern China agricultural fire emissions derived from a combination of geostationary (Himawari) and polar (VIIRS) orbiter fire radiative power products
Authors: Zhang Tianran , de Jong Mark C. , Wooster Martin J. , Xu Weidong , Wang Lili
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Open burning of agricultural crop residues is widespread across eastern
China, and during certain post-harvest periods this activity is believed to
significantly influence air quality. However, the exact contribution of crop
residue burning to major air quality exceedances and air quality episodes
has proven difficult to quantify. Whilst highly successful in many regions,
in areas dominated by agricultural burning, MODIS-based (MODIS: Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer) fire emissions
inventories such as the Global
Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) and Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) are suspected of significantly
underestimating the magnitude of biomass burning emissions due to the
typically very small, but highly numerous, fires involved that are quite
easily missed by coarser-spatial-resolution remote sensing observations. To
address this issue, we use twice-daily fire radiative power (FRP)
observations from the “small-fire-optimised” VIIRS-IM FRP product and
combine them with fire diurnal cycle information taken from the geostationary
Himawari-8 satellite. Using this we generate a unique high-spatio-temporal-resolution agricultural burning inventory for eastern China for the years
2012–2015, designed to fully take into account small fires well below the
MODIS burned area or active fire detection limit, focusing on dry matter
burned (DMB) and emissions of CO2, CO, PM2.5, and black carbon. We
calculate DMB totals 100 % to 400 % higher than reported by the GFAS and
GFED4.1s, and we quantify interesting spatial and temporal patterns previously
un-noted. Wheat residue burning, primarily occurring in May–June, is
responsible for more than half of the annual crop residue burning emissions
of all species, whilst a secondary peak in autumn (September–October) is associated
with rice and corn residue burning. We further identify a new winter
(November–December) burning season, hypothesised to be caused by delays in burning
driven by the stronger implementation of residue burning bans during the
autumn post-harvest season. Whilst our emissions estimates are far higher
than those of other satellite-based emissions inventories for the region,
they are lower than estimates made using traditional “crop-yield-based
approaches” (CYBAs) by a factor of between 2 and 5. We believe that this is
at least in part caused by outdated and overly high burning ratios being
used in the CYBA, leading to the overestimation of DMB. Therefore,
we conclude that satellite remote sensing approaches which adequately
detect the presence of agricultural fires are a far better approach to
agricultural fire emission estimation.
Attribution of ground-level ozone to anthropogenic and natural sources of nitrogen oxides and reactive carbon in a global chemical transport model
Authors: Butler Tim , Lupascu Aurelia , Nalam Aditya
Published: September 2020

Abstract. We perform a source attribution for tropospheric and ground-level ozone using a novel technique
that accounts separately for the contributions of the two chemically distinct
emitted precursors (reactive carbon and oxides of nitrogen) to the
chemical production of ozone in the troposphere.
By tagging anthropogenic emissions of these precursors according to the geographical region
from which they are emitted, we determine source–receptor relationships for ground-level ozone.
Our methodology reproduces earlier results obtained via other techniques for ozone
source attribution, and it also delivers additional information about the modelled processes
responsible for the intercontinental transport of ozone, which is especially strong during
the spring months.
The current generation of chemical transport models used to support international negotiations
aimed at reducing the intercontinental transport of ozone shows especially strong inter-model
differences in simulated springtime ozone.
Current models also simulate a large range of different responses of surface ozone to methane, which is one of the
major precursors of ground-level ozone.
Using our novel source attribution technique, we show that emissions of NOx (oxides of nitrogen)
from international shipping over the high seas
play a disproportionately strong role in our model system regarding the hemispheric-scale response of surface ozone
to changes in methane, as well as to the springtime maximum in intercontinental transport of ozone
and its precursors.
We recommend a renewed focus on the improvement of the representation of the chemistry
of ship NOx emissions in current-generation models.
We demonstrate the utility of ozone source attribution as a powerful model diagnostic tool and
recommend that similar source attribution techniques become a standard part of future
model intercomparison studies.
Feasibility of reconstructing the basin–scale sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide from sparse in situ observations over the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Guizhi , Shen Samuel S. P. , Chen Yao , Bai Yan , Qin Huan , Chen Baoshan , Guo Xianghui , Dai Minhan
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) data with high spatial-temporal resolution are important in studying the global carbon cycle and assessing the oceanic carbon uptake capacity. However, the observed sea surface pCO2 data are usually limited in spatial and temporal coverage, especially in marginal seas. This study provides an approach to reconstruct the complete sea surface pCO2 field in the South China Sea (SCS) with a grid resolution of 0.5º × 0.5º over the period of 2000–2017 using both remote-sensing derived pCO2 and observed pCO2. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) were computed from the remote sensing derived pCO2. Then, a multilinear regression was applied to the observed pCO2 as the response variable with the EOFs as the explanatory variables. EOF1 explains the general spatial pattern of pCO2 in the SCS. EOF2 shows the pattern influenced by the Pearl River plume on the northern shelf and slope. EOF3 is consistent with the pattern influenced by coastal upwelling along the north coast of the SCS. The reconstructions always agree with observations. When pCO2 observations cover a sufficiently large area, the reconstructed fields successfully display a pattern of relatively high pCO2 in the mid-and-southern basin. The rate of sea surface pCO2 increase in the SCS is 2.383 μatm per year based on the spatial average of the reconstructed pCO2 over the period of 2000–2017. All the data for this paper are openly and freely available at PANGAEA under the link https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.921210 (Wang et al., 2020).
Nueva Comunicología Latinoamericana y Giro Decolonial. Continuidades y rupturas
Authors: Sierra-Caballero Francisco , Maldonado Claudio , Del Valle Carlos
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo propone avanzar en la configuración de una nueva Comunicología Latinoamericana a partir del relevamiento de la teoría crítica de la mediación social, el encuentro con la cultura académica emancipadora y antagonista de la Escuela Latinoamericana de Comunicación (ELACOM) y los fundamentos que ofrece el Giro Decolonial para repensar la Economía Política del Conocimiento. La apuesta por la decolonialidad del saber-poder informativo plantea el reto de reformular las bases del paradigma dominante de la ciencia comunicacional por medio de un “diálogo de saberes” con las matrices culturales y epistémicas que hoy emergen desde el paradigma amerindio.
Chaparro Escudero, M.; Gabilondo, V.; Espinar Medina, L. (coord.): Transparencia mediática, oligopolios y democracia. ¿Quién nos cuenta el cuento? Indicadores de rentabilidad social y políticas en radio y televisión: América Latina y Europa mediterránea.
Authors: Salazar Torres Amanda
Published: September 2020

Reseña del libro de Chaparro Escudero, M.; Gabilondo, V.; Espinar Medina, L. (coord.): Transparencia mediática, oligopolios y democracia. ¿Quién nos cuenta el cuento? Indicadores de rentabilidad social y políticas en radio y televisión: América Latina y Europa mediterránea. Comunicación Social Ediciones y Publicaciones, 2019, 235 pp.
La contribución de Wenceslao Castañares a los estudios de C. S. Peirce
Authors: Barrena Sara , Nubiola Jaime
Published: September 2020

Este texto describe la producción científica del profesor Wenceslao Castañares incidiendo en su contribución al conocimiento de la obra de Charles Sanders Peirce. Wenceslao Castañares —por delante y por encima de cualquier otro— fue la persona clave para el descubrimiento del pensamiento de Peirce en el mundo hispánico. No solo logró que se le llegara a conocer, sino que contribuyó decisivamente a la comprensión de la obra peirceana y al desarrollo de las cuestiones que el pensamiento de Peirce planteaba en muy diversas áreas. Los autores revisan el perfil humano, las aportaciones esenciales y valoran en detalle la importancia del legado de este profesor.
De Peirce en Castañares: Paideia y Agapismo
Authors: Abril Gonzalo
Published: September 2020

Texto en homenaje a la figura y a la obra de Wenceslao castañares, en el que se reflexiona con profundidad sobre los conceptos y las actitudes del profesor citado, señalando cómo su ejercicio de la docencia y la investigación era acorde con algunos de los más fecundos ideales de Charles Peirce, en los que se unía muy estrechamente la teoría y la praxis de la comunicación y el conocimiento.
An overlapping community detection algorithm based on local community and information flow expansion (LCFE) in weighted directed networks
Authors: Ghazanfari Mehdi , Mohebiju Erfan
Published: September 2020

Community detection has gained much attention during the past few decades. So many algorithms have been developed to tackle this problem. In previous related works the weight of the edges and directionality were not considered at the same time in the models. Considering weights and directionality makes the models more realistic and prevents the loss of information in the network. In this article, we propose an overlapping community detection algorithm for networks with weighted and directed edges. We used the concept of information flows among the vertices i.e. the more flows exist in a community, the stronger the community. We implemented the concept of flow using weighted closed flows starting from a given node and ending to the same node. By using the mentioned assumption we developed a new modularity measure called weighted flow modularity (WFM) based on M function modularity. In addition, we developed an overlapping score criteria which considers overlap in vertices and edges at the same time and is much faster in the terms of run time. We compared the community detection results in terms of accuracy and running time with Order statistics local optimization method (OSLOM) on 74 LFR benchmark networks using normalized mutual information score. We also implemented the community detection process using LCFE on real world datasets and evaluated the community detection results using EQ measure. The experimental analysis results show that the LCFE is more accurate in most cases and is competitive in other cases with OSLOM.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as metastases at unexpected sites: Report of two cases
Authors: Thomas Renu , Manuel Elezabeth
Published: September 2020

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common form of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). It is generally confined to the neck with or without spread to regional lymph nodes. Distant metastases is rare, if occurs, it usually involves lung and bone. Additional locations have only been sporadically reported and were identified during the course of follow-up, subsequently to a thyroid surgery. Distant metastases as the initial presentation of PTC is a rare event. We, herein, report two cases of PTC presenting initially as metastases at unusual sites and discuss the importance of meticulous histopathological and immunohistochemical examination in such situations. Our aim is to increase awareness of the unique possibility of PTC presenting as metastatic deposits at unexpected sites.
A Machine Learning-Based Computational System Proposal Aiming at Higher Education Dropout Prediction
Authors: Nicoletti Maria do Carmo , Oliveira Osvaldo Luiz de
Published: September 2020

In the literature related to higher education, the concept of dropout has been approached from several perspectives and, over the years, its definition has been influenced by the use of diversified semantic interpretations. In a general higher education environment dropout can be broadly characterized as the act of a student engaged in a course leaving the educational institution without finishing the course. This paper describes the proposal of the architecture of a computational system, PDE (Predicting Dropout Events), based on machine learning (ML) algorithms and specifically designed for predicting dropout events in a higher level educational environment. PDE’s main subsystem implements a group of instance-based learning (IBL) algorithms which, taking into account a particular university-course environment, and based on log files containing descriptions of previous dropouts events, is capable to predict when a student already engaged in the course, is prone to dropout, so preventive measures could be quickly implemented.
The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on the Unemployment Rate in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkofahi Kolthoom
Published: September 2020

A substantial number of recent studies were devoted to investigating the effects of Foreign direct investment (FDI) on different economic variables. Although the connection between growth and investments is widely acknowledged, the connection between FDI and the unemployment rate is not easy to determine. Taking into consideration the dispute over the true effect of FDI on the host country’s economic performance, the study’s main purpose is to take advantage of the dispute and study the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the unemployment rate (U) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Using Ordinary Least Square Model (OLS), the study takes the unemployment rate as a dependent variable, and FDI and Output as two explanatory variables over the period of 2005-2018. The study supports our assumption that the inflows of the FDI and the total output negatively and significantly affect the unemployment rate in the KSA; the inflows of the FDI creates more job opportunities and will reduce the unemployment rate in KSA. Our recommendation is that the KSA government should implement more policies to attract more inflows of “Quality FDI” to attain the maximum goals and to decrease the total unemployment rate.
Fluorescein diacetate and rapid molecular testing for the early identification of rifampicin resistance in Mali
Authors: Diarra B. , Decroo T. , Somboro A. , Coulibaly G. , Tolofoudie M. , Kone M. , Degoga B. , Diallo F. , Togo A. C. G. , Sanogo M. , Sarro Y. S. , Cisse A. B. , Kodio O. , Baya B. , Kone A. , Maiga M. , Dao S. , Maiga I. I. , Murphy R. L. , Siddiqui S. , Toloba Y. , Konate B. , Diakite M. , Doumbia S. , Van Deun A. , Rigouts L. , Diallo S. , de Jong B. C.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Non-conversion on auramine smear microscopy indicates a lack of treatment response, possibly associated with initial rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB). However, dead bacteria still stain positive and may be detected. Fluorescein diacetate smear microscopy
(FDA) shows live mycobacteria only. Therefore, we studied the potential of 2-month (2M) FDA for the identification of initial RR-TB.METHODS: Between 2015 and 2018, we enrolled new smear-positive pulmonary TB patients from five local centres in Bamako, Mali. After baseline screening,
sputum samples were collected at 1M, 2M, 5M and 18M. We used rpoB sequencing to identify initial RR-TB.RESULTS: Of 1359 patients enrolled, 1019 (75%) had rpoB sequencing results. Twenty-six (2.6%, 95%CI: 1.7–3.7) had mutations conferring rifampicin resistance.
Most frequent rpoB mutations were located at the codons Asp435Val (42.4%) and Ser450Leu (34.7%). Among patients with initial RR-TB, 72.2% were FDA-negative at 2M (P = 0.2). The positive and negative predictive value of 5M FDA for culture-based failure was respectively 20.0% and
94.7%.CONCLUSION: FDA did not identify the majority of patients with initial RR-TB or culture-based failure. As the full spectrum of mutations identified on sequencing was identified using Xpert, our data support its rapid universal implementation in Mali.
Roditeljske srednjoškolske aspiracije za djecu iz perspektive učenika pri kraju osnovnog obrazovanja
Authors: Ristić Dedić Zrinka , Jokić Boris
Published: September 2020

Roditeljske srednjoškolske aspiracije su ambicije i ciljevi koje roditelji imaju za svoju djecu u vezi s obrazovanjem na srednjoškolskoj razini. U hrvatskom kontekstu dosad nisu bile istraživane iako značajno pridonose učeničkim aspiracijama i školskom uspjehu, a prediktor su i pokazatelja uključenosti roditelja u obrazovanje djece. Cilj je ovog rada istražiti prirodu i odrednice roditeljskih srednjoškolskih aspiracija iz perspektive učenika te opisati obrasce komunikacije i interakcije roditelja i djece vezano uz aspiracije i prijelaz iz osnovne u srednju školu. Roditeljske srednjoškolske aspiracije ispitane su iz perspektive učenika istraživanjem miješanog modela, koje je uključivalo upitničko ispitivanje s 1 031 učenikom 8. razreda zagrebačkih osnovnih škola te provedbu polustrukturiranih razgovora s 29 učenika na kraju prvog polugodišta 8. razreda. Kvantitativna istraživačka dionica pokazuje da su značajni prediktori roditeljskih srednjoškolskih aspiracija očekivani školski uspjeh učenika i obrazovni status roditelja, dok učinak spola učenika nije značajan. Kvalitativna istraživačka dionica upućuje na podudarnost učeničkih i roditeljskih aspiracija te na znatnu uključenost roditelja u proces odabira srednjoškolskih opcija. U obiteljima različitoga obrazovnog statusa roditelja utvrđeni su ponešto različiti komunikacijski i interakcijski obrasci vezano uz srednjoškolske aspiracije i odabir srednje škole, koji se vežu uz razlike u vrednovanju gimnazijskog i strukovnog obrazovanja u tim obiteljima.
Doprinosi li dnevno vrijeme korištenja medija predviđanju obrazovnih aspiracija učenika na završetku osnovne škole
Authors: Kuterovac Jagodić Gordana
Published: September 2020

Znatan dio dana adolescenti provode koristeći se suvremenim i tradicionalnim medijima i time su izloženi djelovanju tehnološkoga ekološkog podsustava koji prema razvojnoj teoriji ekoloških sustava može utjecati na različite aspekte njihova razvoja, uključujući i razvoj obrazovnih aspiracija. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi koliko vremena dnevno učenici osmog razreda osnovne škole provode na društvenim mrežama, videoigrama i u gledanju filmova, serija i videouradaka te utvrditi pridonose li te varijable, zajedno s individualnim varijablama roda i školskog uspjeha, obiteljskim varijablama roditeljskog obrazovanja, podrške i očekivanja te obrazovnim i medijskim resursima u kućanstvu, predviđanju učeničkih aspiracija prema gimnazijama ili strukovnim školama. Provjereno je i postoje li razlike u vremenu korištenja medija s obzirom na radni dan ili vikend, rod i obrazovne aspiracije. U istraživanju je sudjelovao 828 učenika osmog razreda zagrebačkih osnovnih škola. Sudionici su imali između 14 i 15 godina, a među njima je bilo 46.4% djevojčica. Podatci su prikupljeni od učenika upitnicima primijenjenima u školskom okružju. Uz različite medije adolescenti sa strukovnim aspiracijama provode u prosjeku 3 do 6 sati dnevno, a adolescenti s gimnazijskim aspiracijama otprilike 1.5 do 3 sata dnevno. Uz školski uspjeh, spol, socioekonomske i varijable percipirane roditeljske podrške i očekivanja, dnevno vrijeme korištenja medija pokazalo se značajnim ali slabim prediktorom obrazovnih aspiracija učenika na završetku osnovne škole. Više vremena dnevno provedeno u igranju videoigara i gledanju filmova, serija i videa predviđa aspiraciju prema strukovnom obrazovanju učenica i učenika, dok više vremena provedeno na društvenim mrežama predviđa aspiraciju prema strukovnim školama samo kod učenica
TV-Duelle und Landtagswahlen: Ein wirkungsvolles Instrument der Wahlkampfkommunikation?
Authors: Waldvogel Thomas
Published: September 2020

Während in der empirischen Debattenforschung vielfältige Befunde für die vor der Bundestagswahl stattfindenden TV-Duelle vorliegen, fehlen Studien mit einer vergleichbaren Schärfe und Tiefe zu TV-Diskussionen zu Landtagswahlen weitestgehend. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht deshalb anhand von drei TV-Duellen zu den Landtagswahlen in Schleswig-Holstein, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Niedersachsen im Wahljahr 2017, inwieweit sich Befunde zu den weithin intensiv untersuchten Kanzlerduellen auch für TV-Debatten auf Landesebene validieren lassen. Hierzu nutzen wir Daten aus Feldstudien, die mit dem Debat-O-Meter erhoben wurden - einem virtualisierten Messinstrument zur Erfassung von Umfragedaten und Echtzeitreaktionen zu politischen TV-Debatten. Wir kommen zum Ergebnis, dass landespolitische TV-Duelle sehr differenziert von den Rezipienten wahrgenommen werden und es vor allem Angriffe, aber auch konkrete Selbstpräsentationen sind, die politische Voreinstellungen aktivieren und zu einer polarisierten Wahrnehmung der Kandidatenaussagen führen, wobei diese Prozesse wiederum von Duell zu Duell und Kandidat zu Kandidat variieren. Diese Variation gilt auch für die Wirkstruktur der Debattenrezeption, die sich auf die Probanden entfaltet. Unsere Strukturgleichungsmodelle folgen dabei im Wesentlichen dem aus Untersuchungen zu den Kanzlerduellen bekannten Muster. Sie belegen, dass die Rezeption eines TV-Duells signifikante Wirkungen auf die retrospektive Leistungsbewertung und Kandidatenpräferenz zeitigt und damit die landespolitische Urteils- und Einstellungsbildung wesentlich beeinflusst. Darüber hinaus können wir in der Analyse der Determinanten für die Direktwahl-Absicht darlegen, dass die Duellperformanz politische Verhaltensabsichten erklären kann. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass TV-Debatten wirkungsvolle Instrumente der landespolitischen Wahlkampfkommunikation sind und dass die Analyse von TV-Duellen auf Landesebene anschlussfähig an bestehende Befunde und Methoden im Forschungsbereich ist.
Die (un)vorbereitete Pandemie und die Grenzen der Preparedness Zur Biopolitik um COVID-19
Authors: Mezes Carolin , Opitz Sven
Published: September 2020

Der politische Umgang mit COVID-19 ist durch ein Paradox gekennzeichnet: Zwar gilt Preparedness seit gut 20 Jahren als das zentrale Paradigma im Bereich der Gesundheitssicherheit, dennoch scheint uns die Pandemie „unvorbereitet“ zu treffen. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt an diesem Paradox an, um zu untersuchen, was sich im Licht der aktuellen Krise über die Funktionsweise der Sicherheitsrationalität des „Vorbereitet-Seins“ aussagen lässt - über ihre Mechanismen, Versprechen und Bruchstellen. Wir zeigen, dass Preparedness auf dem Einsatz szenario-basierter Wissenstechniken beruht, anhand derer in der Vergangenheit Ereignisse imaginiert wurden, die dem COVID-19-Ausbruch durchaus ähneln. Zudem haben sich zuletzt evaluative Verfahren zur Durchsetzung von Preparedness etabliert. In beiden Fällen wurde insbesondere die Belastbarkeit der Gesundheitsinfrastrukturen als wesentliches Sicherheitsproblem angesehen. Dieser Infrastrukturalismus einer Biopolitik vitaler Systeme kennzeichnet auch die Maßnahmen zur Bewältigung der COVID-19-Pandemie. Wir arbeiten die Grenzen der Preparedness-Politik an zwei zentralen Aspekten des Ausbruchsmanagements in Deutschland heraus: der Strategie der „Abflachung der Kurve“ sowie dem Problem der mangelnden Bevorratung mit Schutzmasken. In beiden Fällen wird deutlich, dass die Sicherheitspraktik der Preparedness anfällig ist für eine Überformung durch andere Systemlogiken, dass die Vorbereitung während des SARS-CoV-2 Ausbruchs mittels Improvisation fortgesetzt werden muss und als technokratisches Projekt der Regierung über den Notfall andere Versorgungsstrategien nicht ersetzen kann.
Ist die EZB-Politik »voll normal«? Replik auf Jan Sparsam und Malte Flachmeyer
Authors: Steinhardt Paul
Published: September 2020

Jan Sparsam und Malte Flachmeyer erachten die EZB als Teil einer „politisch-ökonomischen Formation“, die sie mit Lukas Oberndorfer als „autoritären Wettbewerbsetatismus“ bezeichnen. Es kann kein Zweifel bestehen, dass die EZB inzwischen die Funktion einer Wirtschaftsregierung usurpiert hat, die mit demokratischen Grundsätzen nicht zu vereinbaren ist. Keineswegs richtig aber ist, dass die sogenannte unkonventionelle Geldpolitik als „Fortführung der Vorkrisenpolitik mit anderen Mitteln“ beschrieben werden kann. Sparsam und Flachmeyer entgeht der enorme Machtzuwachs der EZB, weil sie außer Acht lassen, dass die Anleihekäufe sich nicht quantitativ, sondern qualitativ von den für die Geldpolitik üblichen Offenmarktgeschäften unterscheiden. Sie sind in Wahrheit als fiskalpolitische Maßnahmen zu werten. Da sie das nicht berücksichtigen, unterschätzen sie einerseits die Dimension des demokratietheoretischen Problems der Anleihekäufe und überschätzen gleichzeitig die Möglichkeiten einer Reform der Euro-Zone.
Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa
Authors: Gebeye Berihun Adugna
Published: September 2020

This article examines the African experiment with federalism in light of classic federal theory with the objective of identifying and illuminating patterns of convergence and divergence and the consequences thereof. Classic federal theory offers explanations for the origin, formation, structures, and success and failure of federalism. This article, drawing from the experience of Nigeria, Ethiopia, and South Africa, reveals that while federalism in Africa shares the forms, structures, and discursive practices of classic federal theory, its normative articulations and institutional frameworks are animated by syncretic configurations. As a result, federalism transforms its purpose, fundamental elements, and operations in Africa. As federalism follows new pathways in Africa, this article shows how its system of operation and standards of assessment take a similar course. Against the central ethos of classic federal theory, federalism in Africa manages to operate and, to the extent possible, deliver its purpose mainly without liberal constitutionalism. This article argues that if federalism has to ensure the practice of constitutional democracy in Africa then democratic values, human rights, and constitutional considerations should animate its normative and institutional underpinnings as in classic federal theory.
From the Chair
Authors: Caro Susanne
Published: September 2020

The last few months have been mentally and emotionally draining for many of us. The murder of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and too many others at the hands of police and the lynching of Ahmaud Arbery has rocked the nation. Protests for justice are met with more police violence.
Interview with Incoming GODORT Chair—Lynda Kellam
Authors: Kellam Lynda
Published: September 2020

Favorite spot in Ithaca, New YorkMy favorite spot is my second floor porch looking out over the Fall Creek neighborhood. It is just a great place for people watching. I also love Ithaca Falls and Six Mile Creek. So much natural beauty here.Favorite pastime/hobby I am a big music fan so I guess my hobby is listening to music and collecting records. And yes I still have CDs. :) But my real hobby should be finishing my PhD. At least that is what my advisor would say.
Tales from the Trenches—Part 3
Authors: Flash Kenya , Hallett Dominique
Published: September 2020

Here are more stories and tales as told by government information professionals as part of the “Who are ‘We the People’?” survey conducted by Kenya Flash and Dominique Hallett.
Kaboom! Volcano Hazards Mitigation as Government Information
Authors: Chiewphasa Ben
Published: September 2020

Preparation for an imminent volcanic eruption relies on strategic communication between experts and the general public, ongoing scientific research and monitoring, and government assistance. Should one falter, lives are at stake at the most critical moment, whether it involves inescapable pyroclastic flows or perhaps plane engine shutdown from volcanic ash. Throughout history, legislative concerns surrounding volcano hazards have been built around the notion of proactiveness, yet financial and resource support oftentimes reflect a tendency towards reactiveness. The following document examines the legislative evolution of volcano hazards mitigation that has extended its reach well into 2020. In addition, an overview of the United States Geological Survey’s Volcano Hazards will be followed by an evaluation of government databases for finding historic and current volcanic data and information.
Estresse e estratégias de coping utilizadas por residentes de enfermagem
Authors: Menegatti Mariana Sbeghen , Rossaneis Mariana Angela , Schneider Patrick , Silva Larissa Gutierrez de Carvalho , Costa Raquel Gvozd , Haddad Maria do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: investigar o nível de estresse de residentes de Enfermagem em unidades hospitalares e as estratégias de coping adotadas. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado com enfermeiros residentes com atuação em unidades hospitalares. A coleta de dados deu-se entre dezembro de 2018 e julho de 2019, aplicando-se questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica, instrumento de avaliação do estresse em estudantes de Enfermagem e instrumento de adaptação do Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus para o português. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se o programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 23. Resultados: participaram desta pesquisa 88 residentes de oito áreas diferentes. Na análise do estresse 56% tinham menos estresse e 44% mais estresse. Teve associação com mais estresse a variável sexo (p-valor=0,001). Os residentes apresentaram mais estresse nos domínios comunicação profissional e formação profissional. As estratégias de coping mais empregadas foram as de reavaliação positiva, aceitação de responsabilidade e suporte social. Verificou-se significativa associação entre mais estresse e estratégias de coping de confronto (p-valor=0,002), afastamento (p-valor=0,001), autocontrole (p-valor=0,040) e fuga e esquiva (p=0,019), quando ajustadas por sexo. Conclusão: os residentes apresentaram mais estresse relacionado a comunicação profissional e formação profissional e houve associação entre mais estresse e as estratégias de coping de confronto, afastamento, autocontrole e fuga e esquiva, ajustadas por sexo. Os achados sinalizam a necessidade de atenção das instituições formadoras e instigam à reflexão sobre o contexto de vida, os cenários de inserção e as vivências dos residentes.
A educação como prática da liberdade por meio do Teatro do Oprimido: novas aplicações educacionais
Authors: Silva Mádson Francisco da , Silva Maria de Fátima Gomes da
Published: September 2020

O artigo em questão resulta de uma pesquisa de mestrado intitulada “O Teatro do Oprimido e o Enfrentamento à Violência Escolar”, que teve como objetivo principal pesquisar a problemática da violência escolar no âmbito das práticas pedagógicas de professoras dos anos finais do ensino fundamental. Com relação à metodologia, optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, com ênfase na pesquisa-ação. Os dados foram coletados por meio de oficinas do Teatro do Oprimido (TO), com base nas ideias de Augusto Boal (2015, 2013), o que implicou novas práticas de ensino e de aprendizagem nas escolas investigadas. Complementarmente, também foram realizadas observações participantes e questionários. Para a análise dos dados, recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo temático categorial. Os resultados indicaram que as oficinas do TO possibilitaram às docentes participantes desta investigação novas formas de enfrentamento da violência escolar, com a participação dos estudantes, mediante uma educação como prática da liberdade. Concluiu-se, portanto, que este estudo serviu para despertar a consciência emancipadora das professoras e dos(as) estudantes, por meio das práticas vivenciadas nas escolas investigadas, e que o Teatro do Oprimido constitui um excelente recurso de enfrentamento à violência escolar e de valorização dos diversos saberes vividos e reinventados na vitalidade dos/as estudantes e de toda a comunidade escolar para se libertarem da opressão e se reencontrarem com sua essência humanizada, libertadora e emancipada nas lutas diárias. Fortaleceu‑se, neste estudo, a relevância de uma educação como prática da liberdade.
Formação Docente como ambiente de pensamento: projeto representacional e processos narrativos
Authors: Andrade Daniela Freire , Lisboa Costa Ângela Cristina
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho propõe uma análise psicossocial do processo formativo de profissionais da Educação Infantil orientada pela teoria das  presentações sociais. São privilegiadas as articulações entre representações sociais e processos narrativos, partindo-se do princípio que a narrativa atua tanto como construção sociocognitiva da realidade, quanto como qualidade paradigmática do espaço. A narrativa contribui para a constituição de um ambiente de pensamento no interior do qual são compartilhados novos conteúdos representacionais que delineiam determinado projeto representacional. Noções como obrigação do tipo contratual, confiança interpessoal e confiança epistêmica são analisadas como fatores que contribuem para o reconhecimento da legitimidade dos processos autorais dos participantes envolvidos e da sua configuração enquanto fórum permanente de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal. Apresenta-se análises sobre o caso do projeto de formação Cribiás, Crianças Sabidas e seu pressuposto: Educação Infantil como Espaço Narrativo. Foram realizadas observações e entrevistas com um grupo de 32 profissionais cuja análise de dados gerou núcleos de significações e eixos interpretativos. Os resultados revelam que o processo formativo potencializou o tensionamento do campo representacional e o compartilhamento de novos significados sobre a prática docente na Educação Infantil. O projeto representacional inscrito nas narrativas compartilhadas atuou na iminência de saberes construídos coletivamente.
Investigação da prática pedagógica: formação continuada nas narrativas e representações de profissionais da educação
Authors: Silva Geronasso Jociane Emídia , Ens Romilda Teodora , Trindade Rui
Published: September 2020

O artigo objetiva analisar as representações pelas narrativas de profissionais da educação da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Araucária, apresentadas em relatos de experiência e artigos publicados no Caderno Pedagógico 2017, pois esse documento compila os trabalhos finais do processo de formação dos profissionais da educação que participaram no município. Na primeira parte, trazemos uma reflexão sobre o processo de Investigação da Prática Pedagógica: projeto de formação continuada da Secretaria Municipal, a partir da descrição do curso oferecido aos profissionais da educação do município, tomando o processo de formação como uma das “constantes sociais”. Na segunda, traçamos os caminhos da pesquisa, a qual foi realizada por meio do tipo estado da arte. Na sequência, com base no aporte teórico da Teoria das Representações Sociais, a partir de Moscovici (2003), Jodelet (2001, 2005, 2007) e da análise dessas, examinamos pela relação as narrativas, apoiados em Jovchelovitch (2012), Teibel e Andrade (2017), a fim de interpretarmos as narrativas e representações dos 321 profissionais da educação participantes do curso de formação continuada sobre intervenção na prática pedagógica, que produziram 61 artigos e 63 relatos de experiência publicados no Caderno mencionado. Pela análise, inferimos que esse tipo de formação apresenta grande potencial para transformar a realidade em que os docentes atuam ao instaurar no espaço/tempo dessa formação um processo investigativo, reflexivo e interpretativo sobre as suas práticas pedagógicas.
Structural insights into human acid-sensing ion channel 1a inhibition by snake toxin mambalgin1
Authors: Sun Demeng , Liu Sanling , Li Siyu , Zhang Mengge , Yang Fan , Wen Ming , Shi Pan , Wang Tao , Pan Man , Chang Shenghai , Zhang Xing , Zhang Longhua , Tian Changlin , Liu Lei
Published: September 2020

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated cation channels that are involved in diverse neuronal processes including pain sensing. The peptide toxin Mambalgin1 (Mamba1) from black mamba snake venom can reversibly inhibit the conductance of ASICs, causing an analgesic effect. However, the detailed mechanism by which Mamba1 inhibits ASIC1s, especially how Mamba1 binding to the extracellular domain affects the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain of ASICs remains elusive. Here, we present single-particle cryo-EM structures of human ASIC1a (hASIC1a) and the hASIC1a-Mamba1 complex at resolutions of 3.56 and 3.90 Å, respectively. The structures revealed the inhibited conformation of hASIC1a upon Mamba1 binding. The combination of the structural and physiological data indicates that Mamba1 preferentially binds hASIC1a in a closed state and reduces the proton sensitivity of the channel, representing a closed-state trapping mechanism.
Competitive Balance: Information Disclosure and Discrimination in an Asymmetric Contest
Authors: Clark Derek , Kundu Tapas
Published: September 2020

We study a design problem for an effort-maximizing principal in a two-player contest with two dimensions of asymmetry. Players have different skill levels and an information gap exists, as only one player knows the skill difference. The principal has two policy instruments to redress the lack of competitive balance due to asymmetry; she can commit to an information-revealing mechanism, and she can discriminate one of the players by biasing his effort. We characterize the optimal level of discrimination to maximize aggregate effort, showing how this is in turn inextricably linked to the choice of information revelation. Applications are found in newcomer-incumbent situations in an internal labor market, sales-force management, and research contests.
Theoretical Determination of the Mass Radii of the Nucleons and Heavier Subatomic Particles
Authors: Udema Ikechukwu I.
Published: September 2020

Background: The literature contains numerous values of nucleon charge radii with greater interest in proton. The mean square negative radii are reported for the neutron, the scientific relevance notwithstanding. Only in very few instances was the mass radius of the nucleon investigated.

Methods: Theoretical and computational methods.

Objectives: The objectives of this research are to derive, based mainly on classical model, the equation of the radii of nucleons and other subatomic particles heavier than the nucleons and determine by calculation based on the equation the radii of such particles, and elucidate why results may be different from literature values.

Results and Discussion: The results showed expectedly that the mass radii of nucleons and heavier subatomic particles are longer than what seemed to be the preferred proton charge radius. The lengths of the calculated radii increase with increase in rest mass of the subatomic particles whose mass must be ³ the mass of any nucleon

Conclusion: The equation of the mass radius of any nucleon and heavier subatomic particles was derived. Expectedly, the radii differ on the basis of differences in masses of the particles. The difference in mass radii as calculated in this research and reported charge radii in the literature may be due to electron capture leading to greater number of elastic collision with resulting neutrons. Two particles of widely different mass possessing different charge must interact attractively or repulsively if they possess similar charges. Otherwise the deflection of beta–rays and similar particles in an electromagnetic field would be impossible.
Assessment of Scope and Efficiency of Off-Season Rice Straw Mushroom (Volvariella volvacea L.) Cultivation in Coastal Odisha
Authors: Mahapatra N. , Rahman F. H. , Mishra P. , Sahoo T. R. , Mishra S. N. , Sahoo P. K.
Published: September 2020

A field experiment was conducted in the farmers’ field in Ratanpur, Marshaghai block of Kendrapara district in Odisha, an adopted village of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kendrapara under the National Innovations in Climate-Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project with the objective of determining the productivity of rice straw mushroom in off-season (Month of November) under different cultivation systems. Keeping in view the need to develop more resilient technology for farmers to combat the current scenario of changing climate and market demands along with generation of additional income, the possibility of growing this tropical mushroom during winter month was tested. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 4 number of treatments and 6 replications with ten beds (blocks) taken in each replication. The treatments undertaken were as follows, T1- Rice straw mushroom cultivation in shade net, T2- Rice straw mushroom cultivation in poly house, T3- Rice straw mushroom cultivation in thatched roof and T4- Outdoor Rice straw mushroom cultivation. It was concluded from the findings that poly house system outperformed the other three cultivation systems i.e. shade net, thatched house and open situations in terms of yield maximization, gross and net return during the off-season (November). The poly house system produced 10.8 - 76.4% higher yield in comparison to other three systems with increased net returns and B:C ratio of 1.78 suggesting it to be the best cultivation system for off-season production of rice straw mushroom.
Clean Technologies for Obtaining Biocomposites of Brazilian Ginseng Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen: A Review
Authors: Oliveira Charlini Balastreri Dorta de , Sakai Otávio Akira
Published: September 2020

The Brazilian ginseng Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen belongs to the Amaranthaceae family and has as its main component β-ecdysone, a phytoecdysteroid, found in the roots, stem, flowers and leaves of the plant. In the last years sustainability and the environment concern were decisive for the emerging supercritical fluid extraction and pressurized fluid extraction technologies to obtain biocomposites from the plant. These extraction technologies use solvents (CO2, ethanol and water) and uses as controllable parameters pressure, flow, time and temperature. The combination of these factors generates atoxicity, no residue in the final extract and have a reduced energy cost and an excellent extraction yield. This work reviews the literature from 2007 to 2020 on the use of clean technology to obtain chemical biocomposites of interest in the areas of biology, agronomy, food and pharmaceutics. It is was concluded that the supercritical fluid extraction and pressurized liquid extraction extracts were very efficient in obtaining β-ecdysone, since both presents low energy consumption, uses environmentally correct solvents which reduces harmful effects on the environment. Finally, to choose the best technology for extraction of other biocomposites depends on the chemical compound of interest.
Comparative Assessment of Awareness and Knowledge of Impact of Energy Use Behaviour among Nigerian Higher Education Institutions Residence Students
Authors: E. A. Olanipekun , C. O. Iyiola
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to understand and compare residence students’ awareness and knowledge of the impacts of their reported energy use practices, and to explore their attitudes and reported behaviour regarding energy saving using data collected from three different higher institutions in Southwest, Nigeria namely Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic (RUGIPO), Owo and Adeyemi College of Education, (ACE), Ondo. The findings revealed that there is a significant difference between the three tertiary institutions regarding their level of awareness with RUGIPO having the highest and ACE having the lowest awareness level (F = 3.571, p = 0.002). The research also found that ACE exhibits the highest scores for almost all aspects of energy use behaviour. The correlation analysis shows a significant correlation between level of awareness and energy use behaviour (R =0.897**, p=0.001).The result shows no significant difference between the level of awareness and socio-demographic characteristics of respondents except gender in RUGIPO (F = 7.654, p = 0.007). The result shows no significant difference between the energy use behaviour and socio-demographic characteristics of respondents except age  = 23.407, p = 0.000) and academic qualification  = 28.232, p = 0.000) for turning off light when not needed.