bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Biomass Allocation and Root Distribution of Halogeton glomeratus under Different Rainfall Conditions
Authors: Li Hai Feng , Zeng Fan Jiang , Gui Dong Wei , Liu Zhen , An Gui Xiang , Zhang Li Gang , Song Cong , Gao Huan Huan
Published: June 2012

Water is the limited factor in arid and semi-arid regions. Precipitation, as the sole source of water replenishment in arid area, plays an important role in sustaining the desert ecosystem. With the trend of global warming, precipitation is increasing in arid region recently, especially in the extremely arid region at the south rim of Tarim Basin. Halogeton glomeratus (Bieb.) C. A.Mey is the key species of Gobi desert at the south rim of Tarim Basin, which use the scarce and irregular rainfall for survival in greatest possible. There was little research on characteristics of H. glomeratus involving biomass allocation and root distribution under different rainfall conditions in extremely arid regionsItalic text. Our objective was to study the response for H. glomeratus to the global precipitation change. Artificial controlling water supply was conducted at three levels in experimental fields in Cele Gobi desert. Additionally, the natural precipitation control plot was analyzed for comparison. Frequent harvests were used to determine the response of biomass allocation and root distribution of H. glomeratus during a growing season under extreme rainfall conditions. Biomass of H. glomeratus increased as rainfall increased in the prophase of the growing season, but decreased in the later half phase of the growing season. Biomass allocation showed no significant difference among the treatments. However, H. glomeratus with higher level of rainfall allocates more biomass to roots. H. glomeratus adapts to the lower water condition by means of modulating roots distribution with deeper vertical main root and extent horizontal lateral roots.
Response of Ecological Services Value to Land Use Change in the Shiyang River Basin: A Case Study in Wuwei Region
Authors: Shi Pei Ji , Zhang Xue Bin , Luo Jun , Zhang Xue Min
Published: June 2012

Based on the detailed survey of land use change in Shiyang river basin, referencing Costanza, and Xie et al’ research results of the value of ecosystem services, this article probed the variation of land use and value of ecosystem service in Wuwei region. The results are: from 1997 to 2006, the area of woodland, construction land and garden land are increasing, while farmland, grassland, water and unused land are continuing to decrease. Land-use intensity is gradually increasing, the land use pattern towards to a centralized style. The values of ecosystem services are overall upward, and change faster than ever. The main part of the value of ecosystem service is constituted by the value of grassland, woodland and farmland. So it’s important to control the expansion of urban construction, strength the protection of the water, restore and enhance regional ecosystem services in the future.
Study on Evaluation Methods for Biodegradability and Biotoxicity of Industrial Effluents
Authors: Xu De Gang , Li Ju Feng , Li Yu Zhong
Published: June 2012

The industrial effluents produced in petrochemical production contain kinds of pollutants and fluctuate wildly, also lead sewage plant to be impacted frequently. It is significant to develop a method that warms the effluents quality early, efficiently and accurately. As a result, it can make the biochemical devices run and manage smoothly. Based on the extreme sensitivity of Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) and Dehydrogenase Activity (DHA) to the abnormal effluents and toxicants, this study proposed a comprehensive assessment method of biodegradability and biotoxicity with Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate (SOUR) and Specific Dehydrogenase Activity (SDHA). And it also discussed the biodegradability and biotoxicity of the industrial effluents with different pH and toxicant by detecting OUR, SOUR and DHA. The results showed that, these three indexes were extremely sensitive and accurate to the effluents quality change. And the maximum concentrations of phenol, formaldehyde and carbinol that the microorganisms can allow in the industrial effluents were 350mg/L, 70mg/L and 170 mg/L. When the sewage plant was functioning normally, SOUR and SDHA fluctuations were 3.0~7.0 and 1.0~4.0 respectively. Therefore, they have important application value and prospect to early warming in the effluents quality.
Study on Ecological Environment Compensation Mechanism about Mineral Resources Development in Western China
Authors: Tang Min An , Sun Bao Ling , Xu Huan Yan
Published: June 2012

This paper firstly introduces the important position of western mineral resources in China and the important role of mining development for economic development in western region and China, and then lists the ecological environment impact caused by mining action and analyzes the necessity of ecological compensation mechanism. Finally it discusses the key issues about ecological compensation policy, and presents some relevant recommendations about construction of eco-compensation mechanism.
The Carbon Storage of Forest Debris among Different Land-Use Types in North Subtropical Areas in China
Authors: Li Zheng Cai , Wang Bin , Wu Ya Chong , Geri Le Tu , Yang Xiao Sheng
Published: June 2012

This study considered organic carbon storage in fine forest debris( extensively managed bamboo > masson pine > natural secondary forest > shrubs > intensively managed bamboo > agricultural cropped land. Organic carbon of fine forest debris was mainly stored in the leaves, followed by the branches, and then the decomposed debris, while the percentage of the amount in the dead herb was less than 10％. In addition, (2)the underground carbon storage in fine debris, of which the amount in different vegetation types was similar, accounted for more than 50％ of the total carbon storage. Meanwhile, as to the coarse debris, underground carbon storage in both bamboo stands was higher (P Chinese fir > masson pine > natural secondary forest> intensively managed bamboo > shrubs > agricultural cropped land.
The Response of the Free-Living Nematodes Species and Quantity to Grazing Intensity of Meadow Grassland
Authors: Hai Tang , Qi Du Ji Ya
Published: June 2012

Abstract. To study of meadow grassland soil free lifing nematodes types and quantities under the grazing intensity, the results show that we captured 13 species free lifing nematodes in different grazing area.With the increase of the grazing intensity the total number of Free life nematodes gradually reduce, among them Bacterial feeding nematode and Omnivorous predator nematode gradually reduced with the increase of nematode grazing intensity and the Fungal-feeding nematodes quantities gradually increased . the number of the Bacterial feeding nematode and Fungal-feeding nematodes gradually decrease with the deepening of the soil layer under the different grazing intensity and Omnivorous predator nematodegradually increased
The Time-Delayed Correlation Analysis of the Several Factors which Affect “0801 Blizzard” Based on the Cross Wavelet and Wavelet Coherence Transform Methods
Authors: Hong Mei , Zhang Ren , Qian Long Xia , Ge Jing Jing
Published: June 2012

We think the " 0801 blizzard " is not only caused by La Nina events, but also caused by the combined effect of multiple factors just as "combination of abnormity" .So firstly in this paper, the mutative character of several primary affecting factors are elementarily analyzed. Then based on the cross wavelet and wavelet coherence transform methods, these factors how to affect rain and snow disasters is found in time-delayed characteristics and the correlation between them is confirmed, to further explain the partial reason of the “0801 blizzard”.
Advantages of Perennial Crop on Conservation of Agroecological Environment
Authors: Zhang Yan Ming , Tian Chao , Jiang Lu Ming , Li Yong Peng , Xiao Zhi Min , Li Ji Lin
Published: June 2012

Of human activities, agriculture is perhaps the most disruptive to the functioning of ecosystems around the world. As agriculture's impact on the Earth has been amplified by industrial farming, the agroecological environment is worsening. By developing perennial crops, however, would help deal with the multiple issues involving agroecological environmental conservation and economic benefits in a world of shrinking resources. It can provide multiple ecosystem services essential for sustainable production more effectively than production systems based on annual crops, such as reducing soil erosion, minimizing nutrient leaching, sequestering more C in soils, building better pest tolerance and providing continuous habitat for wildlife. This paper presents advantages of perennial crop system in agroecological benefits, introduces the important role of perennial crop at the development of sustainable agriculture, and prospects the significant utilization of perennial crop on conservation of agroecological environment.
Effect of Limited Irrigation on Growth and Water Use of Jatropha curcas L.
Authors: Yang Qi Liang , Liu Ke Nan , Liu Xiao Gang , Wang Ming Ke
Published: June 2012

A pot-grown experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of limited irrigation on growth, storage water amount of every organ and water use of Jatropha curcas L.seedlings. Four watering treatments were designed in the study, i.e. (W1: 0.3θf，W2: 0.5θf，W3: 0.7θf，W4: 0.9θf，θf is the field capacity). Results show that Jatropha curcas L.seedlings has the higher resistance ability to drought-stress, it can survival in lower soil moisture (0.3θf) , and has certain growth potential. Dry mass of every organ in plant shows that shoot＞branch and master rod＞leaf＞root＞petiole. Storage water capability of unit dry mass for every organ in plant shows that petiole＞branch and master rod or shoot＞leaf＞root. Compared to W4 treatments, W2 reduced irrigation water by 27.1%, mean leaf area of Jatropha curcas L.seedlings for W2 reduced by 25.8%, but root-shoot ratio increased by 6.1%, meanwhile, mean storage water capability of unit root, lateral branch and master rod, leaf, shoot and total plant dry mass of Jatropha curcas L.seedlings for W2 increased by 15.4%，1.3%，7.4%，0.6% and 1.8%, respectively. But mean root, shoot and total plant dry mass accumulation of Jatropha curcas L.seedlings for W2 only reduced by 11.4%、17.7%、15.8%, respectively, therefore, irrigation water use efficiency and total water use efficiency of Jatropha curcas L.seedlings for W2 increased by 15.5%，14.9%, respectively. It is clear that W2 treatment not only increased water use efficiency, but increased regulation storage water capability, thus W2 treatment’s Jatropha curcas L.seedlings improved water regulation and controlled water balance capability and resistance ability to drought-stress.
Study on Effect of Drought Based on Time Series on Grassland Vegetation in Eastern Inner Mongolia
Authors: Liu Gui Xiang , Yi Zhuo , Yu Feng Ming , Jiang Chun Long
Published: June 2012

This paper, based on the long sequence meteorological data and the MODIS remote sensing data, calculates the every-ten-day NDVI index and SPI index of the grassland vegetation in the Eastern Inner Mongolia between 2006 and 2010. It applies the SPI index to indicate the degree of drought and the NDVI index to represent the growth status of the grassland vegetation. This paper analyzes the relationship between the NDVI index and the SPI index by the Time Series Spectrum Analysis Method, leading to the conclusion that the vegetations are sensitive to the drought in the green-turning and yellowing period, but relatively not that sensitive in the budding and maturation period, and that, the vegetations in meadow grassland, typical grassland and desert grassland vary in the responses to the drought.
Estimation of Individual Tree Parameters Using Small-Footprint LiDAR with Different Density in a Coniferous Forest
Authors: He Qi Sheng , Li Na
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the effects of different LiDAR point density on individual tree parameters including tree height and crown diameter were investigated for the coniferous tree species in the Qilian Mountain area within Gansu province, western China. 10 different density data were acquired in field survey area, with the minimum density of 0.234 points/m2 and the maximum density of 0.6941 points/m2 for per flight. By summing up the different flight data, the different density LIDAR data from 0.234 points/m2 to 5.226 points/m2 for extracting tree height and crown diameter can be analyzed. The result showed that the number of extraction points and the extraction accuracy of tree height and crown width arrived at relative high level in point density of about 2.5 points per m2. When the point density increased, the increased extraction points and the extraction accuracy of tree height and crown width became slow. It means that about 2.5 points per m2 of LiDAR data density may provide relative high accurate individual tree parameters estimation.
Response of Reed Canary Grass to Salt Stress during Seed Germination and Vegetative Stage
Authors: Cong Li Li , Zhang Xin Quan , Li Yong Xiang , Cheng Kai Kai , Zhang Yun Wei
Published: June 2012

The aim of this experiment was to determine the responses of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) to salt stress during germination and vegetative growth. Therefore, effects of salinity (0, 50, 100,150, 200,250mMNaCl) on germination, changes in the percentage of germination, abnormal seedling and un-germinated seeds of two germplasms (Zxy06p-2449 and Zxy06p-2653) during germination under stress were determined. Moreover, during vegetative growth(40d old plants), changes in superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase (CAT), electrolyte leakage were also investigated after salt treatment for 5,10 and 15d. Salt stress decreased the germination percentage. Few seeds germinated at 200mMNaCl, abnormal seedlings and un-germinated seeds increased signiﬁcantly under the higher salt concentration. During vegetative growth, increased activities of SOD, in 50,100 and 150mMNaCl treated-plants may help to avoid oxidative damage. Differential responses of antioxidant enzymes to salt stress during germination and vegetative growth suggested different antioxidant metabolism in reed canary grass. From the results obtained in present study, it can be suggested that reed canary grass is a moderately salt-tolerant specie with considerable germplasm differences. Zxy06p-2449 and Zxy06p-2653 will not be survive in long-term (>15d) salt treatment under 150mMNaCl, especially Zxy06p-2653 which shown more sensitive under higher salt concentrations
Effects of Re-Used Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Temperature and Sunflower’s Emergence
Authors: Shi Jian Guo , Liu Jing Hui , Zhao Bao Ping , Jia Li Xin , Chen Qin , Acharya Surya N. , Yan Ya Fei , Rong Xiao Ping
Published: June 2012

Aiming at reducing agricultural pollution caused by plastic film, the study compared with new plastic film mulching and bare field, to investigating the effects of re-used plastic film mulching on soil temperatures, seed emergence and all seedlings period were studied in Hetao area, China. The results showed that, (1) compared with bare field, the soil temperature of re-used film mulching increased 1.3~4.0 °C and 0.7~1.8 °C separately in the highest and lowest temperature stage. The soil average temperature of upper soil layer (0~20 cm) increased 1.7~2.1°C, and 1.3~2.0 °C lower than new film mulching. (2) Compared with bare field, Daily maximum and minimum temperatures of re-used film mulching were postponed about 1 hour, similar as new film mulching. (3) During emergence stage (7 days after sowing), accumulated temperature of re-used film mulching was 21.6°Cand 23.8 °C higher than that of bare field in depth of 5 cm and 10 cm. Compared with new film mulching, it was 12.4 °Cand 10.0 °C lower in depth of 5 cm and 10 cm. (4) Mulching with re-used film could effectively shorten seed germination for 1-2 days and shorten all seedlings period for 2-3 days compared with bare field, and no difference with new film mulching.
AgCl Loaded Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride as Visible Light Photocatalyst
Authors: Zhao Chen , Yang Si Yuan , Liu Zuo Tao , Fang Yue Ping
Published: June 2012

A novel photocatalyst, AgCl loaded mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4) in which silver chloride nanoparticles were introduced into the mesopores carbon nitride, was prepared by a dip-coating procedure. The as-prepared photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometry. The novel photocatalyst manifested a better photocatalytic activity than that of pure mpg-C3N4 for degradation of methyl orange.
Vertical Migration Comparison of Scenedesmus and Microcystis
Authors: Huang Yu Ling , Zhang Ping , Zhu Chun , Zhou Zhao Hong
Published: June 2012

Scenedesmus and Microcystis usually present in nutrients-enriched freshwater, adapt to the environmental conditions by vertical migration and lead to eutrophication and algal bloom, which results in deteriorated water quality and damaged aquatic ecosystem. The vertical migrations of Scenedesmus and Microcystis with three kinds of light sources were observed in columns. The concentration of chlorophyll a was analyzed to indicate the vertical migration of the algae. The results showed that the extinction coefficients’ rang for Scenedesmus was lower than that for Microcystis, which was due to the algal self shading resulted by the lower concentration of chlorophyll a. Under different illumination, Scenedesmus cells sank down to the bottom due to the gravity and thus were taken away by the samplings, whereas, Microcystis cells floated significantly in the columns all the time. The Stokes’ Law showed that under light sources of I2 and I3 and without light source, the sedimentation coefficients for Scenedesmus were higher than those for Microcystis, while under light source of I1, the sedimentation coefficient was lower than that for Microcystis. The different cell structures lead to different vertical migrating processes: Microcystis keeps balance between buoyancy and gravity using gas-ﬁlled structures, whereas, Scenedesmus suspend through clothing a large number of bristles with a complex structure around cells, resulting high viscous forces to help to reducing sinking rates.
Fault Enhancement Method of Seismic Data
Authors: Feng Lei , Li Guang Ming
Published: June 2012

With the deepening of the degree of oil exploitation, investigation of geological structure is particularly important, especially those faults that have an important impact on the exploration and development of oil. However, seismic data is affected by various kinds of factors in the progress of data acquisition, which reduces SNR and interfere with the accuracy of geological structure interpretation. This paper based on image processing provides fault enhancement medthod. It can reduce random factors impact and depicte fault more clearly. This method combine anisotropy and orientation information of image, then use generalized Kuwahara filter to enhance fault. This technique has a most important value in seismic fault interpretation.
Water Inrush Prediction in DongShan Coal Mine Based on GIS and Multi-Source Information
Authors: Shi Xiu Wei , Feng Yan Jun , Liu Xian
Published: June 2012

Water inrush in coal mine could be considered as one of the major threats to the security of miners. Thus, it is necessary to forecast the risk of water inrush to ensure the safety of mine production. The mechanism of water inrush and the related factors, such as geological structures, mining pressure, water pressure and water resisting layer are analyzed. The water inrush prediction model was proposed and applied to DongShan coal mine based on GIS and multi-information. Compared with the water inrush status of DongShan coal mine, the results obtained from the water inrush prediction model are satisfied.
Research of Experiment Teaching Contents Reconstruction of Remote Sensing Technology Course
Authors: Xi Wu Jun , Peng Yan Mei , Yang Yun Yuan , Luo Ren Zhi , Lin Yan
Published: June 2012

According to experiment teaching contents system of remote sensing technology course, the advantage and disadvantage of existing remote sensing experiment textbooks, students' feedback on study and aim of resources environment and the management of urban and rural planning specialty, the paper reconstructed a new experiment teaching contents of remote sensing technology course. The new contents included remote sensing image visual interpretation and mapping, remote sensing image computer interpretation and mapping. The number of experiment was seven, class hours were eighteen. The main feature was good pertinence and applicability, the course used recent remote sensing image in the region continuously in the most experiments, it could make the scattered experiment contents become coherent, then enhance students' professional skill and improve learning effect.
Spatial Pattern Analysis of Geohazards and Human Activities in Bailong River Basin
Authors: Zhang Jia Jing , Yue Dong Xia , Wang Yu Qiong , Du Jun , Guo Jian Jun , Ma Jin Hui , Meng Xing Min
Published: June 2012

China is a country at serious risk from geohazards. With the development of the social economy, the effects of climate change and increment of human activity, the ecological environment has deteriorated. Due to the frequent occurrence of geohazards, not only has the safety of human lives been threatened, but regional sustainable development has also been greatly influence. This paper mainly aims at analyzing correlation and spatial pattern between human activities and geohazards in the Bailong River Basin. Results showed that the correlation coefficient between the settlements and landslide sites is 0.361; meanwhile, the correlation coefficient between settlements and debris flows reaches 0.620. Besides, the spatial distributions of the per-unit-area biocapacity and geohazard sites (landslides and debris flows) are very similar, and the correlation coefficient between total biocapacity and two types of geohazard is respectively 0.217 and 0.562. All results above showed that the greater the density of human activities in this region, the more disasters occurred. The studies indicated a significant correlation, and showed that human activity is the most important influential factor inducing geohazards. We explore the mechanism factors of natural disaster, which have a great significance for disaster management and sustainable socio-economic development.
A MSPA-Based Approach of Urban Green Space System Planning
Authors: Chang Qing , Qiu Yao , Li Xue , Wu Jian Sheng
Published: June 2012

Urban green spaces are considered as the life support system in a city, if systematically planned, developed, and maintained, they may provide various ecosystem services in a sustainable way. By integrating the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and the green infrastructure (GI) network based on GIS, this study provided an urban green space planning method to guide urban sustainable spatial development and land use decisions in the Longgang District of Shenzhen in China. The approach has a robust performance in identifying the vital hubs and linkages in the urban green space system. It is hoped that this plan model based on MSPA, the function connectivity of urban green spaces could be farther strengthened so that some key zones in landscape pattern could be protected in the future development.
China’s Habitability of Human Settlements
Authors: Lin Wen Qi , Ma Ming Fei , Yu Ting
Published: June 2012

As one of the basic studies of sustainable development, China’s habitability of human settlements research indicates that in China, the regions that have no constraint for habitation take up 7.28% while no serious constraint areas account for 8.72%. These two most suitable types for habitation only reach 16%of the total territory. The regions that are difficult for high-density habitation take up 20.05%, and unsuitable for high-density habitation compose 24.21%. If taking population distribution into consideration, nearly half of the population live in the regions without constraint or without serious constraint, and 37% population reside in the areas which are difficult for high-density habitation.
A Comparison Study of the Basic Service Facility of Urban and Rural Eco-Community in Taiwan
Authors: Chuang Hui Wen , Lin Hsien Te
Published: June 2012

For a community, to be ecological is the way forward to sustainability, and the first step is to avoid unnecessary trips for daily activities. Realizing the required service function of a community can provide the directions and contents to the community and the one in charged for improving the convenience of life, while allowing residents to reach those facilities by walking or biking, thus achieving the ecological goal of energy conservation. This study adopts the Delphi technique to screen the most important and basic service items of the service function for the urban and rural eco-communities, which are supposed to be accessible and easily reached. Furthermore, the study utilizes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to get different weights of these service items for two kinds of communities. Results show that the facilities of daily life are the most basic and important category of the service function for both kinds of communities; elementary school and senior day care service is the most significant item that urban and rural eco-community must have, respectively.
Study on Optical Nonlinearities of the Excited-State Proton Transfer Organic Molecule３-Hydroxyflavone
Authors: Guo Yang Xue , Kong Xiang Hong , Zhang Gui Lan
Published: June 2012

3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF) is a kind of organic molecule with excited state proton transfer (EFPT) effect, and is a good performance nonlinear optical material. In this paper, the nonlinear refractive index and two-proton absorption coefficient of 3-HF were measured by using z-scan technique with ps pulsed laser at 355nm and 532nm respectively. In the experiment, we observed that the two-proton absorption coefficient was decreased as the incident intensity was increased.
Fabrication Porous Ag/BiVO4 Film for Efficient Degradation of Phenol under Visible Light
Authors: Li Xi Qiang , Zhang Xiu Fang , Dong Xiao Li , Ma Chun , Zhang Xin Xin , Ma Hong Chao
Published: June 2012

Porous BiVO4 film was fabricated by templating procedure with polystyrene (PS) balls as the template. Ag particles were loaded on the porous BiVO4 film by photoreduction technique. SEM revealed there were many pores in the film and Ag particles were successfully loaded on the porous BiVO4 film. XRD analysis indicated that the chemical state of Ag particles was metallic Ag. The experiment of photocatalytic degradation of phenol showed that the degradation rate on porous Ag/BiVO4 film was 4.74 times as much as that on the BiVO4 film. The enhanced photocatalytic performance was firstly attributed to the rapid transfer of the photogenerated electrons from BiVO4 to Ag, which could increase the charge carrier separation, limit their recombination, and enhance the photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, porosity of the photocatalyst may enhance diffusion process and decrease diffusion resistance of the reactants throughout the channels in the photocatalyst, and thus improves the surface reactions.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of ZnO/Zn Composites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Ma Hong Chao , Yuan Shi Yong , Fu Ying Huan , Dong Xiao Li , Zhang Xiu Fang , Ma Chun , Zhang Xin Xin
Published: June 2012

ZnO/Zn composites photocatalysts were prepared by hydrothermal method using Zn powder as raw material, and the morphology, structure, and photocatalytic performance of composites were investigated. The results showed that the ZnO nanoparticles were produced at the surface of Zn metal powder during hydrothermal process. The thickness of ZnO outer layer (internal metal-semiconductor interfaces) can be controlled by varying hydrothermal treatment time. The resulting ZnO/Zn composites exhibit significantly higher photocatalytic activity than that of pure ZnO for degradation of anthraquinone dye (reactive brilliant blue KN-R) aqueous solution under ultraviolet light irradiation. The enhancement of photocatalytic performance of ZnO/Zn composites can be attributed to the formation of internal metal-semiconductor interfaces. The designed fabrication procedure is simple, feasible, and universal for a series of oxide/metal with controlled microstructure and improved performances.
Lake Water Treatment Using Polyurethane-Polyvinylidene Fluoride Hollow Fiber Blend Membrane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride Hollow Fiber Membrane in a Coagulation-Microfiltration Process
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhao Bin , Ma Shu Ling , Zhang Hong Wei , Yang Qin
Published: June 2012

Polyurethane-polyvinylidene fluoride (PU-PVDF) hollow fiber blend membrane prepared by melting, spinning and drawing processes was used to treat lake water in a submerged coagulation-microfiltration (SCMF) process. This novel membrane is characterized by its elastic pore size increase with the pressure increase; therefore, the backwashing step could effectively remove the depositions stuck in membrane pores. Compared to the system using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane, the membrane anti-fouling ability was stronger in the system using PU-PVDF blend membrane, and the transmembrane pressure increased more slowly at a fixed permeate flux. Organic matters were removed comparably for both membranes during the first 3 h treatment, but those with benzene ring structures were susceptibly restricted by PU-PVDF blend membrane as the filtration went on. The turbidity removal was stable in the PU-PVDF system with an average of 97%, and was slightly higher than that in the PVDF system. The outstanding anti-fouling ability and excellent pollutant removal performance make the PU-PVDF hollow fiber blend membrane a better candidate for the SCMF process.
Photocatalytic Performance of Activated Carbon Fibers (ACFs) Supported La-S/TiO2 Photocatalyst
Authors: He Min Hua , Xia Hui Li
Published: June 2012

Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) supported La-S/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst was successfully prepared by coating-calcining method. The surface morphology, microstructure and optic properties of the sample were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The characteristic results confirmed that La-S/TiO2 powders were deposited on activated carbon fiber homogeneously, and the micrographic structure and surface properties of ACFs had not been damaged by the deposition process and calcination at high temperatures. Furthermore, anatase-form TiO2 was uniquely developed even as calcination temperatures reached 700°C. Experiments indicated that the ACFs supported La-S/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst calcined at 450°C for 2h showed higher photocatalytic activity in photodegradation of phenol aqueous solution than La-S/TiO2 powder catalyst. The improvement may be explained in terms of synergetic effect on the stronger adsorption ability of ACFs and efficient photocatalytic performance of La-S/TiO2.
Structure Evaluation and Microbial Biomass Determining of Biological Activated Carbon
Authors: Zhu Meng Fu , You Xiu Dong , Su Hong Bo , Deng Cheng , Chen Ping , Zhu Lu , Yuan Ying Hai
Published: June 2012

To investigate the microorganisms growth process and biostability of biological activated carbon by manual preparation, the microorganisms growth process were observed by the photos of optics and electronic microscope, and the microbial biomass was determined by phospholipids (Lipid-P) analysis. The bell bug, rotifer and eelworm were observed by the photos of optics and electronic microscope. The zoogloea size of the foster biological active carbon was big, the configuration was tight. The quantity of zoogloea on the top of BAC column was more than that on the below. The Lipid-P biomass of BAC on the top and below were 16nmolP/cm3 and 6.2nmolP/cm3 respectively, as same as that was the number of E. Coli cells were 1.6×109cfu/cm3 and 6.2×108cfu/cm3 respectively in 60-days. The Lipid-P biomass decreased to 90 days. The biological activated carbon was obtained by manual culture.
Simulation Research of the Suppressing Performance of Mist to Pool Fire in Room with Blocks
Authors: Yang Zhi Qing , Chen Shun Huai , Zhu Xiao Jun
Published: June 2012

With the numeric simulation technology, it has been analyzed that mist fire fighting performance to pool fire in room with blocks. It also be analyzed that some influence factors to mist fire fighting performance, such as mist characteristic, sprinkle lay, blocks etc. The results of this paper can be used for the design of mist system.
Concentration Level of Heavy Metals in Wheat Grains and the Health Risk Assessment to Local Inhabitants from Baiyin, Gansu, China
Authors: Dai Xin Peng , Feng Lei , Ma Xin Wang , Zhang Ying Mei
Published: June 2012

In the present study, concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) in soil and wheat grains of the agricultural areas around Baiyin, a non-ferrous metals mining and smelting base, were detected. Meanwhile, the potential health risk of the heavy metals to adult males, adult females and children was estimated using non-carcinogenic health risk assessment model: Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI). The results showed that only the level of Cd in all soil samples exceeded the permissible limit of the environmental quality standard for soil, and its average level surpassed the standard value by 4 times. In wheat grains, the levels of Pb and Cd were 50 times and 8 times of the limited values of hygienic standard for grain respectively, while Cu and Zn concentrations did not surpass the standard value. The potential health risk due to single heavy metal for all the three investigated populations followed the sequence of HQPb＞HQCd＞HQCu＞HQZn＞1 (assumed the local inhabitants wholly food on wheats), suggesting that each of the four heavy metals were making negative effect on population health, of which the situation of Pb and Cd should be paid more attention due to their significant adverse effect. The total potential health risk due to the four heavy metals followed the sequence of HIchildren＞HImales＞HIfemales＞1 (assumed that the health risk due to the four heavy metals is additive), suggesting that the heavy metals were producing adverse effect on population health, and were especially hazardous for children. According to the research results, the government is suggested to strictly control the quality of irrigation water and remove the heavy metals from agricultural soil in order to ensure the safety of foodcrop production and local inhabitants.
A Survey of Paragenetic and Associated Resources in Lignite of China
Authors: Fu Xue Hai , Liang Wen Qing , Zhao Xin Sheng , Tian Ji Jun
Published: June 2012

Lignite is abundant in natural resource in china, and its production increases year by year. However, the accompanying resources in lignite have not been used effectively and comprehensively such as lignite wax, humic acid and coalbed methane (CBM), etc. We analyzed distribution and characteristics of lignite wax, humic acid and CBM in our country, and estimated its resources in the lignite main distribution area. To be specific, total resource extent of lignite wax is approximate 33.21×108t; humic acid is 623.09×108t and that of CBM is about 14000×108m3.
Study on Proportioning Test of Coal Solid Waste Paste Filling Material
Authors: Zhang Xin Guo , Bai Ji Wen , Wang Heng , Jiang Ning
Published: June 2012

In order to excavate coal resourses which is under buildings, water bodies, railways and above confined water, a complete technology of new pumping paste comprehensive mechanization mining technique which is safety, high efficiency, high mining rate and environmental protection has been formed, the study on filling material is very important. In this thesis, the uniform experiment is used comprehensively on the proportioning test of mine solid waste such as coal gangue, fly ash etc. The results showed: (1) the collapsed slump of paste will increase obviously with the increase of the content of fly ash; (2) the paste stratified degree will decrease regularly with the increase of the content of fly ash; (3) the paste bleeding rate will reduce obviously with the increase of the content of fly ash; (4) the paste strength will increase gradually with the the increase of cementing material; (5) early strength agent can improve the early strength of filling test blocks to some extent, but the later strength growth is not obvious.
The Extraction of Potassium from Feldspar by Molten Salt Leaching Method with Composite Additives
Authors: Zhang Hao , Sun De Si , Bao Hong
Published: June 2012

Effects of ratios of feldspar to CaCl2 to NaCl, roasting temperature ,roasting time and particle size on the melting-out rate of potassium from feldspar was studied by roasting. Results showed that the highest melting-out rate of potassium reached at 95.35% under the ratio of 1.8:1.1:0.6 of feldspar to CaCl2 to NaCl, particle size 220mesh, roasting temperature 800°C, roasting time 1h.
Study on Scaling Formation Characteristics and Produced Liquid Properties in Oil-Wells of ASP Flooding
Authors: Gao Qing He , Wang Yi Can , Jiang Yu Mei
Published: June 2012

Strong base ASP flooding technology can improve oil recovery by 20%, but the lifting system exists serious scaling problems which cause pump detection period shorter. The main composition of the scale are organisms (heavy oil is in majority), carbonates and silicates. The content of each component is closely related to pH value. With high pH value, the main composition of the scale is silicate. With low pH value, the main composition of the scale is carbonate. The results of analysis of the relationship between scale composition, scaling position and depositional sequence showed that the content of silicate gradually increased from top to down in shaft while the carbonate decreased. In the process of scale deposition, carbonate scale emerged at first and then it provided attachment points and crystal nucleus for the silicate. The rough surface of carbonate scale increased the friction between the fluid and the wall, it promoted the formation of silicate. Statistically analyze the properties of pH value, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, silicon, polymer, viscosity, surfactant, fluid yield, water content in produced liquid and their influences on scaling in the injection-production period. Establish the prediction basis using the pH value as primary and ion content as supplement for the problems of mechanical production well scaling. In the period of carbonate scaling (pH10.5), the process slowed down. The coincidence rate was 93.9% after pilot tests. It provided a basis for taking corresponding measures to inhibit scale formation.
3D Modeling of Hydraulic Fracturing in Tight Gas Reservoirs by Using of FLAC3D and Validation through Comparison with FracPro
Authors: Zhou Lei , Guo Jian Chun
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the FDM-Program FLAC3D is used for the 3D simulation of fracture propagation on a field scale model, based on field data of a Rotliegend tight gas reservoir in North Germany. This reservoir was treated hydraulically by a massive fracturing. The results regarding the fracture propagation were compared with those in the semi-analytical P3D simulator FracPro. It was noticed that the original code FLAC3D was unsuitable for the applications of hydraulic fracture. In further investigations, our own developed algorithm with a moving boundary condition based on discontinuum mechanics was implemented in FLAC3D. The results showed a relatively good agreement with those of FracPro. The advantage of the new algorithm is above all that irregular fracture front can be realistically simulated, which in turn reflects the stress states in multi-layers and their different rock mechanical properties
A Study of a New Stage Cementing Tool and its Field Application
Authors: Nie Cui Ping , Liu Gui Xi , Lu Ping Fu
Published: June 2012

Stage cementing is usually applied in primary cementing in gas wells and long interval cementing. A stage tool that is free of drilling plug after cementing is a recently emerged new tool. Free of drilling of plug (DOP-free) after cementing can shorten well construction period, simplify well casing program, and then reduce rig time and drilling cost. It has the tendency to take place of conventional stage tool. But its operation reliability on DOP-free affects its extensive application in field application. In this paper, an innovative DOP-free stage cementing tool study and field application has been introduced in detail. Comparing to conventional stage tool, the specifical tool has not only operation and casing seal reliability as conventional, but also high reliability in DOP-free. Systematic tests and pilot field application indicated that it is also suitable for complicated hole cementing condition, and the DOP-free tool will substitute conventional stage tool next.
Air Foam Injection for EOR in Light Oil Reservoirs with High Heterogeneity
Authors: Chen Zhen Ya , Song He , Zhang Xin Ping
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we research the blocking effect of air foam, oxidation of oil-air foam and air foam enhanced recovery by experiments. The results show the more injected air foam, the stronger the sealing capacity, but increment trend changes slow. Beside, high-pressure, low-temperature can enhance the sealing capacity of the air foam. Temperature is the principal factor which can influence crude oil-air-foam oxidizing reaction. The reaction rate increases with increase of temperature. What is more, the rise of pressure can accelerate the oxidation response in a certain extent. The air-foam has the good oil displacement efficiency. In the heterogeneous reservoir, air foam injection can seal of high permeable zones, enhances sweep efficiency and is propitious to achieve the low temperature oxidation.
Development of Hydraulic Fracturing New Technique
Authors: Jia Suo Gang , Tian Yong
Published: June 2012

Introducing several new types of fracturing fluid which consist the low damage fracturing fluid (HPF), a new clean fracturing fluid (EFAS), alcohol radical fracturing fluid, summarizing several new technology such as floating prop pant fracturing technology, end sand strip controlling seam height fracturing technology, hydraulic injection layer fracturing technology and seam height controlled technology during fracturing, analyzing the corresponding fracturing Modification Techniques of different reservoir types. Developing the hydraulic fracturing technology for their oil fields based on the study at home and abroad is proposed.
Improvements of Superheated Steam Stimulation in Secondary Development of Heavy Oil Reservoir
Authors: Xu An Zhu , Wu Xiang Hong , Fan Zi Fei , Zhao Lun , Wang Cheng Gang
Published: June 2012

With superheated steam, there is no direct relationship between temperature and pressure, Therefore, at a particular pressure it is possible for superheated steam to exist at a wide range of temperatures higher than that of its saturated steam. The heat transfer coefficient is 1/150-1/250 as much as that of saturated steam during heat transferring, and it takes a relatively long time to cool, during which time the steam is releasing very little energy and transmitted long distances. The mechanisms of superheated steam stimulation are mainly pointed to the performance of crude oil viscosity reduced, flow environment improved, rock wettability changed, oil displacement efficiency improved. Physical simulation shows that oil displacement efficiency by superheated steam is 6-12% higher than that of saturated steam at the same temperature, and under the condition of carrying the same heat, superheated steam enlarged the heating radius by about 10m, oil steam ratio increased by 0.7. Superheated steam stimulation was put into Kazakstan’s heavy oil reservoir after two cycles of saturated steam stimulation. The average daily oil production was 2-4 times that of saturated steam stimulation, which improved heavy oil production effectively. The secondary heavy oil thermal recovery by superheated steam stimulation applied in marginal heavy oil reservoirs achieved satisfactory effect.
New Method of Layered Drilling Fluid Design to Overcome Wellbore Instability of Piedmont Structures
Authors: Hou Bing , Xie Shui Xiang , Chen Mian , Jiang Guan Cheng , Jin Yan , Liang Chuan
Published: June 2012

This paper will take the complex layer of the Qunkuqiake region of Tarim Basin as a research object in order to find the reasons of the borehole instability. The layered drilling fluid design technique is put forward firstly and a new drilling fluid technology to solve the problems of wall instability of the Qunkuqiake regions in Tarim Basin is developed.
On the Applicability of Gas Drilling Technology in Carboniferous System of Dzungaria Basin
Authors: Feng Guang Tong , Wang Rui He , Zhao Hong Shan , Wang Zong Gang
Published: June 2012

In carboniferous system of Dzungaria basin, the hard igneous rock greatly decreases the drilling velocity. Gas drilling is probably the only technology to overcome this problem. However, the applicability of gas drilling technology should be investigated first. It was studied by analyzing the rock strength both experimentally and theoretically. Stress status of many rock elements near well face was tested which showed a 2D compression status rather than 3D in conventional slurry drilling technology conditions. Therefore there was a horizontal stress for underground rocks, in a similar magnitude with upper burden pressure. The domination of the confining pressure, different with normal conditions, may mislead the selection of the failure criterion. We proved the correction of the Mohr-coulomb criterion as the most suitable failure criterion in gas drilling conditions. As a result, the applicability of gas drilling technology in Carboniferous system of Dzungaria basin was concluded.
Research and Exploration of High Energy Gas Fracturing Stimulation Integrated Technology in Chinese Shale Gas Reservoir
Authors: Wu Jin Jun , Liu Li Cai , Zhao Guo Hua , Chu Xiao San
Published: June 2012

The reserves of Chinese shale gas is very rich, but still haven’t ever formed a mature technology. According to Chinese shale gas reservoir characteristics, the development technology situation and the principle of high energy gas fracturing, the research and exploration of HEGF stimulation integrated technology which is suitable for the development of Chinese shale gas reservoir need to be carried out. Through a series of analysis and study, compositing high energy gas fracturing technology achievements, this paper discusses the research idea and feasibility of the integrated technology, formed by the liquid gunpowder fracturing technology, in-fracture deeply explosive fracturing technology in low permeability oil layers, composite perforating technology, the multi-pulse fracturing technology and the hydraulic fracturing, simultaneous fracturing ,which transforms shale gas reservoir and develops shale gas. Launching field application test is suggested, and studying the way to optimize the theory and design method of integrated technology, so as to promote the development of shale gas.