bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Prolonged Overdose Sorbitol and Aspartame Administration on Serum Lipid Profile: Experimental Finding
Authors: Raid M.H. Al-Salih  , Ruaa. K. Abbas
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Prolonged Overdose Sorbitol and AspartameAdministration on serum Lipid Profile levels in female Rats. Blood samples were obtained from (18) adultfemale rats that treated with (100 mg/day) of sorbitol and (18) rats that treated with of Aspartame for 30 days,as well as (18) healthy rats that were given (Normal Saline) for 30 days as a control group. They dividedinto three groups as the following: Sor Group:- Included eighteen female rats that treated with (100 g/day)of sorbitol, Asp Group:- Included eighteen female rats that treated with (100 g/day) of Aspartame controlGroup:- Included (18) healthy rats that was given (Normal Saline) for 30 days. Results: the results in thisstudy showed no significantly different (p?0.05) in (TC), (TG), (HDL), (LDL), (VLDL) levels in the treatedgroup with Asp in comparison with control group while serum (TG) and (vLDL) showed significant increase(p?0.05) in treated group with Sor in comparison with control group, also the study reveals significantincrease (p?0.05) in serum (TG) and (vLDL) in treated group with Sor in comparison with treated groupwith Asp while there were no significant different (p?0.05) in serum (TC), (HDL), levels in the group thattreated with Sor in comparison with group treated with Asp and control group. In conclusion: The use ofoverdoses than permissible of sorbitol and aspartame for a prolonged period leads to disturbance of lipidprofile levels, but it is statistically imperceptible.
Critical Assessment of Three Decades of Breast Cancer Research in Yemen: Systematic Review
Authors: Redhwan Ahmed Al-Naggar  , Lutfi A.S. Al-Maktari  , Hisham Alshaikhli  , Julie Trafford  , Bahaa Saleh  , Salah Ibrahim Mossfer
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aim of this review is to critically assess three decades (1989 to 2019) of breast cancerresearch in Yemen and to identify the gaps in, and need for, breast cancer research in Yemen.Methodology: A search was performed in Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, Google Scholar and Ovidto identify articles on breast cancer research in Yemen that were published in the last three decades. Thearticles were selected and reviewed by experts in this field, based on clinical relevance and future researchimplications.Results: This review comprised 19,031 participants, extracted from 27 articles that were included andanalyzed. Breast cancer patients in Yemen were commonly diagnosed at an early age of 50 years or younger.Overall, awareness of breast cancer among Yemeni women was very poor. Some studies reported that a lowrate of only 11%-17.4% of Yemeni women practiced breast screen examination. Only 1.6% of the Yemeniwomen had been screened by a mammogram test. The highest performed surgery was a modified radicalmastectomy (N=211). The highest cases of breast cancer were reported in Hadramout (N=956) and the mostcommon histological subtype was invasive ductal carcinoma (N=2695).Conclusions: Yemen is characterised by three decades of scattered, fragmented and poor quality breastcancer research. Therefore, there is a need to establish a breast cancer research center in Yemen to researchall aspects of breast cancer in Yemen, and to build bridges for collaborations in breast cancer researchglobally.
Occupational Status and Educational Stage as a Valuable Factors Affecting Knowledge and Perception Level of Indonesian Tuberculosis Patient
Authors: Ricky Indra Alfaray  , Nur Mujaddidah Mochtar  , Rahmat Sayyid Zharfan  , Mohammad Subkhan
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Indonesia has the second highest prevalence for Tuberculosis (TB) cases, with approximatelytwo-thirds of the patients undiagnosed. Some research had investigated several aspects supporting TBnew case finding a program, such as knowledge and perception while factors that affect those aspects e.g.,occupational status and educational stage have not been much researched yet in Indonesia.Objective: This study aimed to identify the level of knowledge and perception regarding tuberculosis andtheir correlation with occupational status and educational stage.Method: An observational analytic study with the cross-sectional design conducted. A total of 51 pulmonaryTB outpatients were collected and interviewed. A questionnaire was designed to obtain comprehensiveinformation about the variables studied which consists of patient’s demographic status (age, gender,occupational status, and educational stage), along with patient knowledge and perception regardingtuberculosis. Parameters of patient understanding and perception classified as good or low based on averagescore.Results: The result was analyzed using Coefficient Lambda revealing a significant correlation betweenoccupational status with a level of perception (r = 0.421, p = 0.025), while no significant correlation for thelevel of knowledge (p = 0.000). Spearman analysis found significant correlation between last educationalstage with level of education (r = 0.569, p = 0.000), while no significant correlation for level of perception(r = 0.200, p = 0.159).Conclusion: Occupational status is an essential factor for enhancing the knowledge level of TB patient, andlast educational stage is a valuable factor for intensifying level of perception of TB patient. These results willprovide information for government along with healthcare workers to enhance effective health promotionprogram regarding knowledge and perception for tuberculosis.
Family Based Rehabilitation: Pressing Priority for Rehabilitative Needs of Chronic Patients in COVID Times
Authors: Rishabh Sharan  , Anu Arora
Published: March 2021

The health care sector is currently facing twin burden, the impact of coexisting diseases as well as thepandemic of corona virus. The importance of commencing Neuro rehabilitation as early as possible is nowwell appreciated and accepted with adequate supporting evidence. However, it is also a fact that proper& prompt rehabilitation services are often deficient in majority of developing countries. With the everincreasing burden of those affected with the highly infectious disease COVID-19, venturing to PhysiotherapyOPD for routine rehab care is not at all safe for the already vulnerable clients.At this point of time, family members can function as an extension of health care system by co-ordinatingand contributing by participation, in the rehabilitation as directed by the therapist via telemedicine. Remotedelivery of Physiotherapy through guided family-based approach is an ideal model to support on-goingPhysiotherapist’s services during this period, especially in the most vulnerable clients.
Spectral Database of Pharmaceutical Common Excipients and Paracetamol API Using ASD Field Spec 4 Spectrordiometer
Authors: Rohit S. Gupta  , Ratnadeep R. Deshmukh  , Akshay V. Kshirsagar
Published: March 2021

Adulteration in pharmaceutical products is common all over the world particularly in pharmaceutical oraldosage forms like tablets, gelatin capsules. According to previous studies there were many techniquesare available to recognize counterfeit medicines. Near Infrared Spectroscopic techniques is widely usedin this area due to its numerous advantages. In this work, we used ASD Field Spec4 Spectroradiometerhaving broad spectral range (350-2500 nanometer) and its supporting software’s to create Spectral libraryof pharmaceutical common drug Paracetamol and some basic excipients used in pharmaceutical industryas formulation process of tablets and capsules and finally also showed the absorption bands of ParacetamolAPI and Excipients.
A Comparative Study about Knowledge, Attitude, Practice of Antibiotic Use and Perceptions of the Possible Causes of Resistance between Final Year Undergraduate Students and Postgraduate Pharmacy Students
Authors: Ruaa Natiq Yahya  , Muntazar Mohammed Wasmi
Published: March 2021

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a problem leading to difficulty in treating microbial infections thatmay occur due to many causes. For the important pharmacist role as a reference for the information and theability to access to medications, they are vital members in lowering the development of antibiotic resistance,and also they support the proper use and control of antibioticsmisuse. Our goal is comparing the knowledge,attitude, practice of undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students and their perceptions about thecausing factors of antibiotic resistance in Iraq.Method: A cross sectional study was conducted involving the final year bachelor and postgraduate (masterand Philosophical doctor) students from different private and public pharmacy universities in Iraq. Anadjusted questionnaire was administrated to 233 students electronically and the results obtained wereanalyzed by using SPSS 20 for Windows Descriptive. A significant difference was found in the knowledgeof antibiotic between undergraduate and postgraduate(Master and Philosophical doctor) students (Meanknowledge score5.32 versus 5.92 respectively, p<0.001).Attitude data also showed a higher positive attitudeof postgraduate students according to antibiotic use and resistance when compared to undergraduatestudents (Mean attitude score: 2.97 versus 2.92 respectively, p<0.05). Significant difference was observed inpractices of the comparative students groups regarding to the frequency of self- medication, reason, sourcesof antibiotic use and in terms of disease condition where they used(p<0.05) . Continuous mutation and genechanges of micro-organism taken the higher percentages answere d yes for the undergraduate students whilethe limited restrictions on antibiotic usage taken the higher percentages answere d yes for the postgraduatestudents (89.1% and 98.5%respectively).Conclusion: We can conclude from data of our study that there is a significant difference in the knowledge,attitude, practice of antibiotic use and perceptions of the possible causes of resistance between postgraduate(master and Philosophical doctor) and undergraduate (fifth year bachelor) pharmacy students when assessingthe use of antibiotic and related resistance. This will help to determine the educational requirements forpharmacy students in colleges of Iraq for better understanding and dealing with the antibiotic resistanceproblem in the future
Social and Legal Aspects of Eutanasia Regulation: International Experience
Authors: Sergij S. Vitvitskiy  , Oleksandr N. Kurakin  , Pavlo S. Pokataev  , Oleksii M. Skriabin  , Dmytro B. Sanakoiev
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The basic human right is the right to life, along with the issue of the right to die. Euthanasia,as the right to die, is an urgent problem, the solution of which takes place on the border of medical scienceand jurisprudence.The Aim: Analyze the international experience of social and legal regulation of euthanasia.Materials and Method: To achieve the set goal, research method such as a comparative law method,theoretical analysis, system-analytical method and a method of conclusions systematization were applied isnot prohibited, but it is not legalized in Germany, Spain, France, Albania, Israel.Conclusions: Analyzing the current international experience of euthanasia legal regulation, it stands tomention that even with the prohibition of euthanasia, there are some gaps in the legislation, whichcreate thepossibility of passive euthanasia legal use by means of terminating life sustaining measures. It is importantto enshrine the rules clearly regulating euthanasia in international law, otherwise this issue will be latent, andin the countries where there are legal gaps, excessive use of euthanasia will take place.
Health Monitoring Systems for Pregnant Women: Challenges and Issues
Authors: S. Veena  , D. John Aravindhar
Published: March 2021

It is important for all pregnant women throughout their gestational period to be able to access information,services and care by having direct communication with their doctors or their healthcare provider or theirrelatives. With the proliferation of mobile devices and the internet it has become very easy to get access tosuch information in a quick and efficient manner. There are also several awareness programs which teachabout the right kind of physical activity and food to be followed by such pregnant women. Having accessto such information helps these women identify and prevent any pregnancy related complications or riskswhich could lead to issues such as still-birth, pre term labor etc. Women who do not use this informationwisely are likely to be putting their lives as well as the lives of their babies at risk. The main objective ofthis paper is to analyse various compound reasons pregnancy related issues and the technologies availableto solve such issues.
Comparative Study between Alvarado Scoring System and Ohmann Score as a Diagnostic Tool for Acute Appendicitis at two Teaching Centers Study in Baghdad City
Authors: Saddam Ali Abbas  , Haider I. Alneime  , Baidaa Najm Obeed
Published: March 2021

Background: Acute Appendicitis first characterized as a surgical entity in 1886 by pathologist Reginald Fitz,appendicitis is now the most common abdominal emergency and appendectomy is the non-elective surgerymost frequently performed by general surgeons. More than 250,000 cases are diagnosed and intervenedannually in the United States. It occurs less frequently in men than in women, with a lifetime risk of 8.6%and 6.7% respectively. Acute appendicitis occurs infrequently in very young children as well as in olderadults. Having its peak incidence in patients between the end of the second decade and the third decade oflife. Showing an inverse relationship between incidence and mortality, its prevalence was less than 1% in thegeneral population and increases to 4-8% in older adults.Aim of the Study: To assess Alvarado scoring system as a diagnostic tool for acute appendicitisMethod: A prospective cross-sectional study carried at Al-Yarmouk Teaching hospital and BaghdadTeaching hospital in the period from the first of Jan 2020 to end of July 2020, in which 190 patients fromboth genders were enrolled, and their ages ranged from 12-68 years.Conclusion: Alvarado score was better than Ohmann score in diagnosis of the patients with acute.
Progression and Free Progression Survival Indices in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Sadik A. Abdullah  , Waseem F. Al-Tameemi  , Ghassan A.A. Al-Shamma
Published: March 2021

The main feature in multiple myeloma is osteolysis and, hence, bone turnover markers have got the at mostcare in different studies on this disease. The present paper would stress on the calculation of free progressionsurvival indices using some of these markers .Sixty-five MM (males=41, females=24) patients distributed to different hematologycenters in Iraq wereenrolled in this study. Their age range was 39-81 years, they were distributed all on three stages of thediseaseaccording to the international staging system (ISS) : Group A – Stage I (n=21 patients, age mean57.14±12.25 years), Group B – Stage II (n=22 patients, age mean of 56.45±11.33 years), and Group C-StageIII (n=22 patients, age mean 60.59±11.55 years). Blood samples were taken from each patient just priorto starting the chemotherapy for the measurement of blood hemoglobin (Hb), serum Creatinine, Calcium,?2 Microglubulin, Osteocalcin (OC), total and Beta C-terminal telopeptide (CTX, BCTX), Parathyroidhormone (PTH), Syndecan-1 (CD138), and both kappa & lambda free light chain (FLC?, FLC?).There was no significant association between age, sex, body weight and residency with disease staging orprogression. From the bone markers studied only CTX and BCTX were significantly associated with thedisease progression and showing varying free progression patient survival times with CTX and BCTX atdifferent concentrations.The comparison between the results of the newly diagnosed and long-standing patients revealed that onlytotal FLC, FLC?, FLC? and CD138 were significantly higher in the long-standing patients. Their sensitivityand specificity values were varying among these markers.
Evaluation of Load Deflection, Surface Roughness and Frictional Forces of Aesthetic Niti Arch Wires
Authors: Sami K. Al-Joubori
Published: March 2021

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study is that NiTi esthetic arch wires are preferred to match estheticbraces; but the presence of coating layer is greatly affect friction during sliding mechanics.The aims of this study were to evaluate the load deflection and the influence of surface roughness with thecoating material types on the frictional force of coated nickel titanium wires.Method: The sample of this study consisted of 90 segments of uncoated and coated Nickle titanium archwires for three tests (friction test, roughness test and loading force test) 45 segment for each test involvingtwo wire dimensions (0.016 × 0.022 and 0.019 × 0.025 inches). The static frictional force was measuredthrough pulling the wires through a set of ceramic brackets by the universal testing machine while, thesurface topography of wires were assessed by using Atomic force microscope (AFM) and load deflectiontest also measured. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s posthoc significance difference tests. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05.Results: The frictional forces of gold wires is lesser than both control(uncoated) niti wire and epoxy coatedwire for both wire dimention (0.016×0.022 and 0.019×0.025) inch. Surface roughness of coated arch wiresis higher than control wires for both wire dimentions. Load deflection force of control wire is a higher thancoated wires for (0.016×0.022) inches wire dimension.Conclusion: The gold plated wires had lower frictional force than both (control and epoxy coated wires).Surface roughness of coated arch wires was higher than control(uncoated)arch wire. Load deflection forceof coated wires was lesser than control wires.
Nurse’s Clinical Skill Utilisation: An Opinion from Public Health Institutions
Authors: Santosh Mahindrakar  , Mansingh Jat  , Besty Ann Varghese
Published: March 2021

Background: Nurses are the backbone of health care systems worldwide. In India the assessment of existingknowledge of nursing workforce and the utilization of skills is not evaluated and properly used to ensuregood quality in health care.Method: Using the Delphi technique a survey was developed and sent to nurses. Self- rating method (on alikert scale) were used in order to operationalize the personal skills.Results: Almost half (48%) of the participants have a Bachelor degree. Out of this 27.2% qualified for ahigher education (e.g. Master in related subject). Most nurses (56% in sample were females) are permanentemployed working as staff nurse or nursing officers in the public sector. Among the participants 20% havesufficient teaching experience between 1 to 3 years. Self-rating of skills was high in almost all topics.Conclusion: Having attained higher education most of the participants remain working as staff nurses.The good self-rating of participants underlines their ability to take over much higher positions andresponsibilities. Moreover, teaching experience is hardly acknowledged by institutions since teaching staffis usually recruited from outside. The study suggests that a majority of the population has an interest to workin rural area .Better work conditions are needed in order to gain workforce in this areas.Skills should effectively utilized in areas of administration, management, research and education, with aproper distribution to rural and urban areas in order to ensure a good health care system in India.
Pattern of Suicidal Deaths in Belagavi: Retrospective Study
Authors: Saraswathi N  , Keshava H.B  , Ashok Kumarshetty
Published: March 2021

A retrospective study was undertaken over a period of 3 years to find out pattern of suicidal deaths inBelagavi. Autopsied at BIMS Hospital, a referral District hospital catering to the needs of public within aradius of 150 km. Out of 2200 autopsies conducted, 670 were suicidal deaths.The commonest age group of victims were 21-40 yrs. Males predominated females in the ratio of 3:1.Maximum number of victims belonged to rural area. Majority of the victims were married. Common mode ofsuicide was poisoning. Maximum victims were brought dead. Maximum numbers of victims were farmers.Depression was the commonest cause for suicide.
The Effectiveness of Crocodile Oil Extract Ointment on the Treatment of Burns in Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Sarce Makaba  , Rosmin M. Tingginehe  , Yacob Ruru
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the crocodile oil extract ointment in thetreatment of burns in mice (Mus musculus). The research found that the ointment of crocodile oil extracthas an effect in the healing of burns in mice (Mus musculus), with the best concentration of 30% of thecrocodile oil extract ointment dose. Moreover, the ointment met the standard on the basis of organolepticand homogeneity tests. The ointment of crocodile oil extract with concentrations of 30% and 50% has thehealing activity degree II-A burns in mice (Mus musculus). The best percentage of reductions in averageburns in mice was the ointment with a concentration of 30%. Further study needs to be done in the healingof wound in human skin
The Association of Gene Expression and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (rs 6152 SNP) in Androgen Receptor Gene with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA) in Iraqi Women
Authors: Shireen Hamid Farhan  , Ismail A. Abdul-Hassan
Published: March 2021

The proposal target was determining the gene expression and single nucleotide polymorphism of Androgenreceptor gene (rs6152 G>T) in blood sample of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) Iraqi females. Fiftyfemales (n=50) with RSA consulted Al-Elwiya teaching hospital from February to June 2019 and apparentlyhealthy fertile control (n=50) were enrolled. DNA and RNA were extracted from leucocytes to detrimentthe SNP and gene expression which were carried out by (RT-q PCR). The results showed non -significantdifference (p>0.05) in the mean of threshold cycle(?Ct) of androgen receptor gene between female with RSAand control. Assessing the 2???Ct in female with RSA, non -significant decreased expression of folding inandrogen receptor m RNA compared with control. The genotypes and allele frequencies in the two groupsshowed significant decrease in the heterozygous (GA) and mutant (AA) genotype frequencies in female withRSA, the frequency of wild (GG) genotype is increased in female with RSA. In conclusion, expression ofandrogen receptor gene didn’t affect in female with RSA, the mutant genotype may play as protective SNPagainst RSA.
Estimation of Stature from Nasal Dimensions
Authors: Shruthi Sugavanam  , Magendran Chandran
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to estimate stature from nasal measurements in South Indian population.The study was done using standard measuring apparatus measuring tape and vernier calipers including bothmales and females.Regression formula and correlation was derived between nasal dimensions and stature. In thisstudy, regression formula is derived with three variables generalized for both males and females, S=118.005+6.804NL+4.003NW+0.254NH ? 9.70100. Linear Regression equation for males and females havebeen derived separately with each of the nasal parameters. In conclusion nasal measurements can be aneffective tool in estimating stature.
Stringent Road Safety Laws; Need of the Hour to Stop the Homicides on Indian Roads: A Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Sudeep Kumar S  , Vishwanathan Iyer
Published: March 2021

Indian roads are deemed to be the most dangerous, considering the number of annual fatalities, whichtouched 151,113 in the year 2019, the highest in the world. Causes ranging from poorly designed roads,tardy enforcement of traffic rules, delay in giving medical assistance, ill equipped hospitals, refusal oftreatment by hospitals, all contribute to this unenviable predicament. A lax regulatory environment withminor penalties, has accentuated the crisis. Having held the pivotal position amongst 199 countries, there isa dire need for concrete action by Government. While 2,211,439 road accidents in the US in the year 2016took away 37,461 lives,a relatively lower number of 480,652 accidents snuffed out 150,785 lives in India.Creating comparable safety levels could take decades for a developing country. But with the country’s shareconstituting about 11% of road accident casualties worldwide and the estimated social cost hovering around$58 billion, the problem begs for an immediate fix. Tightening regulations would be a practical solution forboth short and long-term gains. Enough deterrents need to be put in rules governing road safety; the MotorVehicles Act to ensure defensive driving. This paper examines how certain loopholes need to be plugged inthe new Motor Vehicles Act 2019 to achieve the higher goal of road safety
Study in Correlation between Senile Cataract and Serum 25-Hydroxyl Vitamin D Insufficiency
Authors: Sujata Charel  , Janki Brahmbhat  , Robin Jain  , Nirathya Anisha P  , Niklank Mehta
Published: March 2021

Background: Study in correlation between Senile cataract and Serum 25-Hydroxyl Vitamin D Insufficiency.Mean Value of vitamin -D less than 10ng/ml seen in group-1 which show severe deficiency. Mean Levelof vitamin-D in group-2 15-24 ng/ml which show mild to moderate deficiency. There was a statisticallysignificant difference in both groups.(p value-<0.03)Method: 25 OH D level were examined in 300 patients who had cataract and 280 normal patients of bothsex were examined using the technology name as chemiluminescent micro particle immunoassay (CMIA).Conclusion: In normal patients have below the reference levels while a severe insufficiency of 25-OH Dlevels in cataract patients. These shows the role of 25-OH D deficiency in senilecataract patients.
Mitigating the Impact of COVID-19 Through Technological Interventions is India Legally Equipped: Aarogya App Case Study
Authors: Sukhpreet Kaur  , Seerat Gill  , Namita Bhardwaj  , Rajinder Kaur
Published: March 2021

Tremendous utilisation of technology during lockdown and quarantine for COVD-19 pandemic has beenobserved. The health care agencies are making best possible efforts to fight the pandemic. The phoneapplications for tracing proximity to people to identify infection hotspots and possible transmission is alsogaining popularity. Various countries have launched apps which can be installed in smartphone for contacttracing. Indian government has also launched Aarogya Setu app. The launch of this app fueled alot ofdiscussion as compliance with patient privacy and human rightsissues. This app constantly monitors GPSlocation of an individual which is considered as an invasion of privacy by legal experts. Although AarogyaSetu app has many in built privacy features to protect sensitive data. In 2017 Supreme Court held privacyto be constitutionally protected right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. The same was followedby introduction of Personal Data Protection Bill in Parliament in year 2018 and again in 2019. However, itstill remains in the form of bill only. Further, in Puttaswammy Judgement Supreme Court allowed states tocollect data for certain legitimate purpose where there is state or public interest. COVID-19 has definitelyaccelerated the need to have stronger data protection legislation in India to protect patient privacy. Strongerdata protection law will only add to the legitimate, efficient and careful processing of important data whichis required to fight against the pandemic.
The Role of Sharing Peer Group Intervention on Nutritional Anemia Prevention to Children at Bayang Public Elementary School in Makassar City
Authors: Sumardi Sudarman  , Anto J. Hadi  , Jusman Usman
Published: March 2021

The prevalence of nutritional anemia is one of elementary shool-aged children’s nutritional problems andbrings an impact on students’ learning achievements. This study aimed to analyze the role of sharing peergroup intervention on nutritional anemia prevention to elementary school-aged children. The research designused was quasi-experiment with control group design. Population and samples of students from IV and Vclasses were 54 and the students were chosen through purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed withpaired test. Results showed that there were increment scores in cognitive aspect after sharing peer groupmethod was applied as research intervention (M=24.07; SD=11.851). The value was greater than cognitivescores increment after counseling method applied as research intervention (M=14.81; SD=8.931) with pvalue=0.002 less than significance value (p<0,05). It shows that there is increase of average increment torespondent’s cognitive scores. Average increment affective scores of respondents after sharing peer group(M=25.55; SD=15.275) was conducted is greater than counseling method (M=15.92; SD=14.212) with pvalue=0.020 less than significance value (p<0.05). It means that there is increase of average incrementto respondent’s affective scores. Average increment psychomotor scores of respondents after sharing peergroup (M=22.22; SD=11.208) was conducted is greater than counseling method (M=15.18; SD=11.559) withp value=0.027 less than significance value (p<0.05). It means that there is increase of average increment torespondent’s psychomotor scores. It is expected to shool practitioners to continue the counseling and sharingpeer group to students in order to maintain healthy food consumption pattern with sustainable and properway so that students can avoid nutritional anemia cases.
The Relationship between theImplementation of Nutrition Conscious Families (KADARZI) and the Toddler Nutrition Status: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sumarlan Juari  , Nirwan Kiming  , Anto J. Hadi
Published: March 2021

Resolving nutritional problems can be done from the time of pregnancy until the child is 5-year-old. Thepurpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the application of nutrition awareness familyprogram or Keluarga Sadar Gizi (KADARZI) at the household level with the toddler nutrition status. Thisstudy was an observational analytic study, with a cross sectional study research design. The sample consistedof 42 toddlers in Libukang Mandiri Village. Data collection was done by weigh and height measurementand nutrition level behavior questionnaire. The results of the research shows that the KADARZI componenthas a significant relationship. Itwas the consumption of various foods (p value = 0.006), weighing regularly(pvalue = 0.017). Meanwhile, the nutrition level component has no significant relationship, which wasiodized salt consumption (p value = 0.681), exclusive breast milk (p value = 0.066), and vitamin A nutritionsupplement (pvalue = 0.652). Furthermore, there is a significant relationship of KADARZI on a compositebasis with toddler nutrition status(p value = 0.044). The better the application of KADARZI at the householdlevel, the better the nutrition status of toddlers. It is expected that the mother and all family members shouldbehave well in maintaining nutrition level so that the family members always live healthy and have propernutritional intake.
Social Cognitive Intervention: Improving Coping Ability of Rural Adolescents with Educational Stress
Authors: T. Manirathinam  , A. Velayudhan  , Palanisamy V.
Published: March 2021

Educational Stress affects the both students’ mental health and physical health. Mounting demand of thesociety, and various academic requirements make some students to perceive education as stressful task.Particularly conditions of the students from the rural area are most vulnerable as they getlack of guidanceand academic related support from their family. Students usually perceive high educational stress when theythink that academic demands are unattainable or above their capacity. Objective of the current study is to findout the efficacy of social cognitive intervention in improving the coping ability of rural adolescent studentswith the educational stress. 100 students were selected as a sample from the rural area of Coimbatore district,Tamil Nadu by using purposive sampling method. Single group pre-test, post-test and follow up researchdesign were used. Statistics used include mean, SD, repeated measure ANOVA and post-hoc were used toanalyze the data. Results showed that rural adolescent students had gained their coping ability in educationalstress after the social cognitive intervention.
Utility of Spacing for Third Molar Teeth Along with its Eruption, for Determination of Age of an Individual: A Pilot Study
Authors: Taware A.A.  , Jadhav V.T.  , Tatiya H.S.  , Bandgar A.L  , Vaidya H.V  , Punpale S.B.  , Gavale P.S.
Published: March 2021

Background: Determination of individuality of person is one of the main objectives in any medico-legalexamination. Age of an individual is one of the key indicators to establish identity. Eruption of third molarteeth is used frequently by forensic experts all over the world for age determination. Spacing for third molaris another known phenomenon and few studies have been done so far to establish its use in age determination.However we did not find any study to seek combined use of spacing for third molar and eruption of all thirdmolar teeth, for age determination.Aims and Objectives: To establish utility of spacing for third molar along with eruption of third molarineach socket for determination of age; and to devise an equation by using these characteristics to determineage.Material and Methodology: Current study is descriptive observational type of a study, conducted on 201consenting individuals of age ranging from 17 to 22 years, after applying inclusion criteria. Oral examinationof individual was done and gathered information was later statistically analyzed using Microsoft excel.Results: Alinear regression equation– BJGMCFMT equation (Y = 0.149 x + 15.57) is devised for agedetermination, by using unique scoring system for parameters like spacing for third molar tooth and itseruption.Conclusion: Combined use of parameters like spacing for third molar and its eruption can be quantitativelyused for age determination with certain amount of accuracy and precision.
Association between Behavioural Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Caregiver Burden in a South Indian Rural Community
Authors: Thasleem S.K.  , Sharma R.  , Shaji K.S.
Published: March 2021

Background: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and caregiver burden are twomajor issues in dementia patients. This study was conducted to estimate the association of BPSD withcaregiver burden in patients with dementia living in a south Indian community.Method: In a cross-sectional study done in Thalikkulam village, Kerala, 71 elderly of minimum 60 yearsand living with a primary caregiver for minimum one year were first selected with purposive sampling andscreened with Brief Community Screening Instrument for Dementia. Then BPSD and caregiver burden weremeasured by Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire and Zarit Burden Interview respectively.Result: Statistical analysis revealed that all patients (100%) experienced at least one BPSD and apathy(76.1%), delusion (74.6%) and agitation (70.4%) were the most common BPSD reported. Majority (93%) ofcaregivers reported caregiver burden. Strong positive correlation (p>0.05) was found between BPSD scoresand caregiver burden scores.Conclusion: The study found that BPSD and caregiver burden is common among community dwellingpatients with dementia and have significant association with various socio demographic variables. Thisstudy recommends that while identifying dementia in community, health professionals need to focus onmanagement of BPSD and caregiver burden which can influence the outcome of dementia.
Wife’s Support, Access to Health Services, Availability of Competent Health Personnel and Infrastructure and Intention to Have a Vasectomy for Married Men
Authors: Tjahja Bintoro  , Bhisma Murti  , Suwarto
Published: March 2021

Family planning (FP) including vasectomy has positive effects in terms of viable socio-economicdevelopment and in reducing maternal deaths. The percentage of married men who use condoms (3%) ishigher than the percentage who choose vasectomy (less than 1%). The study was conducted in the Madiuntown administration using a community-based cross-sectional study design. The town is found in East JavaProvince, Indonesia. The total sample of this study is 323 married man with fixed disease sampling. Age ofwife, wife’s support for vasectomy family planning, access to vasectomy family planning health servicesand availability of health resources and health infrastructure for vasectomy family planning relates to theselection of men to use vasectomy. In general, vasectomy is seen as one of the least preferred method offamily planning and is associated with fear and weakness.
Intentions to Use Vasectomy Contraception: Application of Theory Planned Behavior
Authors: Tjahja Bintoro  , Bhisma Murti  , Endang Sutisna  , Suwarto
Published: March 2021

In Indonesia, 8% of married men use a FP method, 3% use a modern FP method and 4% use a traditionalFP method/method. The percentage of married men who use condoms (3%) is higher than the percentagewho choose vasectomy (less than 1%). The study was conducted in the Madiun town administration usinga community-based cross-sectional study design. The town is found in East Java Province, Indonesia. Thetotal sample of this study is 323 married man with fixed disease sampling. The results showed that “attitude”(p=0.04) and “perceived behavioral control” (p=<0.01) are positive predictive factors of intention marriedman to chose vasectomy for contraception. This research has found the intention to limit the number ofchildren affected by attitudes. Married men who participated in this study had negative attitudes towardsvasectomy. In general, vasectomy is seen as one of the least preferred method of family planning and isassociated with fear and weakness.
Moral and Legal Update of Landmark Decision in Judicial Activism Perspective
Authors: Tri Laksmi Indreswari
Published: March 2021

The essence of the main duties of a judge is to receive, examine, try and decide cases submitted to court.In carrying out their duties, they often face concrete events that must be decided, while the existing lawsand regulations are not necessarily complete and clear. Therefore, judges in deciding cases can carry outrechtsvinding. Legal finding (rechtsvinding) is also an important component in landmark decisions becauseit is related to the breakthroughs made by judges in carrying out their duties. In the perspective of judicialactivism, rechtsvinding and landmark decisions are closely related because in practice they can significantlychange the existing norms in modern law.
Comparison of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Usage of Mobiles During Driving amongst Medical and Engineering Students Aged 18-21 Years in Bengaluru North
Authors: Udaya Shankar B.S.  , Tyagaraju M.R  , Sujatha P.L  , Shivakumar B.C.  , Disha S.N.  , Prerana Chaithra
Published: March 2021

WHO categorizes driver distraction like mobile usage as an important risk factor for road crash injuries, asdriver’s reaction time increases causing difficulty in: maintaining correct positions in their lanes, maintainingappropriate speeds and judging safe gaps in traffic.Descriptive study with objective of assessing knowledge, attitude and practices regarding mobile usagewhile driving amongst medical and engineering students aged 18-21 years was carried out using proformaafter taking consent.During driving, most of medical (61%, 79%) & engineering (60%, 69%) students called & receivedcalls; 55% & 60% knew it is distracted driving & only 43% & 46% always considered it as punishablerespectively. 42% & 30% read and 34% & 18% texted message; 53% & 26% used social media (WhatsApp,Facebook etc); most viewed maps/directions on their phone and felt that pedestrians using mobile are pronefor accidents. Although 87% & 88% would advice others, only 52% & 55% would restrain mobile usageduring driving respectively.This study suggest for improving on-ground situation through formal education to bring about moralresponsibility amongst youth and propose automatic electronic system in vehicles for early detection of thisglobally identified risk factor
Victimization and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder of Victims of Terrorism in Indonesia
Authors: Ufran  , Erlyn Indarti  , Adji Samekto
Published: March 2021

Terror attacks result in prolonged traumatic effects on both victims and survivors. Previous studies haveanalyzed the effects of terror attacks on the psychological condition of post-traumatic stress disorder fromexposure to terrorist attacks. This article discusses victims of terrorism in Indonesia based on data from2008-2018. The use of data over the span of several years is important to determine the trend of victimizationso that a response can be made to reduce the suffering of victims. This perspective also includes counterterrorism efforts to minimize the suffering of victims directly or indirectly due to terrorism. The criminaljustice system can also reform paradigmatically, providing fulfillment of the rights of victims in accordancewith applicable legal norms.
A Clinical Study to Assess the Efficacy of Anterior Transarticular C1-C2 Screw Fixation for Stabilization of AtlantoAxial Instability
Authors: Varun kumar Agarwal  , Naveen Mahaur  , Praveen Garg  , R.K. Narula
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The upper cervical spine includes the atlas (C1) and Axis (C2). The anatomy of upper twovertebrae is unique from each other. Atlanto-axial articulation is the most unique, mobile segment of spine,which largely depends on ligamentous supports based on integrity of odontoid for its stability. Historically,atlanto-axial subluxation was treated by reduction and fusion of C1-C2 joint. However, High riding vertebralartery precludes the placement of posterior trans-articular screw, which is liable to injury during screwplacement. Socomputed tomography scans can be used to evaluate the risk of “high riding” vertebral arteryduring the management of atlanto-axial subluxation. Hence, anterior trans-articular screw fixation techniqueavoids the course of high riding vertebral artery.Material and Method: Nine patients underwent NCCT cervical spine with 3-D reconstruction and clinicalevaluation of pain was done by recording the VAS score done pre operatively and after surgery.Results: All surgical cohorts underwent anterior C1-C2 fixation with an average follow up for 24 months.All patients were assessed as per fixed protocol of our local hospital guidelines of orthopaedics department.Pain score was clinically evaluated by VAS score before and after surgery yielding 90% excellent result.Conclusion: Anterior Trans-articular C1-C2 screw fixation isa minimally invasive technique with less bloodloss, shorter skins car and faster post-operative recovery. It is an appropriate technique for stabilization ofAtlanto-Axial instabilities.
Clinical Study to Determine the Efficacy of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in Management of Osteoporotic Compression Fracture
Authors: Varun Kumar Agarwal  , Anant Agarwal  , Ashutosh kumar  , Praveen Garg  , T. Somashekarappa
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Back pain and spinal deformity are common presentation in majority of senile osteoporoticvertebral compression fracture. Vertebroplasty provides pain relief with correction of spinal deformity andleast period of hospital stay.Material and Method: Twenty patients underwent vertebroplasty and clinical evaluation of pain was doneby recording the VAS score done preoperatively and after surgery.Result: Percutaneous vertebroplasty with 1 year followup.VAS score 52% were excellent,14% good and34% fair result.Conclusion: Vertebroplasty is useful in management of vertebral compression fracture which are refractoryto conservative treatment & helps in early mobilization.
Primary Versus Delayed Wound Closure Technique in Infected Laparotomy Wounds
Authors: Vijoy Singh  , Devang Kalathiya  , Shashikant Shah
Published: March 2021

Background: Contaminated laparotomy wounds have garnered little attention with high incidence of woundinfections. Many techniques have been proposed for their management. The aim of this study is to comparethe infection rates of laparotomy wounds using primary closure vs delayed closure in cases of peritonitis.The purpose is to identify a better wound closure technique for their management.Method: This study included 105 patients, who were divided into two groups. Group A underwent primaryclosure and Group B underwent delayed closure, in which the wound was left open without suturing andsaline irrigation was given to be sutured once the wound is clean. The wound infection was assessed usingSouthampton scoring system.Results: A total of 54 patients, 30 (55.6%) males and 24 (44.4%) females were included. Group A, 27 patientswith 55.6% males and 44.4% females. In Group B, 27 patients with 55.5% males and 44.4% females. Themean age in A was 39.4 ± 11.8 while that in B was 37.02 ± 12.5. Group A had an infection .rate of 77.4%whereas Group B had infection rate of only 34%. The duration of hospital stay for Group B was 9.8 and forGroup A was 11.7.Conclusions: The delayed closure is an effective technique for wound closure in contaminated wounds, likeperforation. Peritonitis, as it reduces wound infection rates and hospital stay
Quality Circles in Hospital: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Vivin George  , Vijay Kumar Tadia
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Quality circle (QC) consists of people working in a common work area, coming togethervoluntarily to identify, analyze and solve various quality related problems within their area.Methodology: The exploratory study was done in a hospital in India that was part of large public sectororganisation that ran the program of QC across its institutions and also in its non-core areas like the hospitals.Primary data was collected from the staff working in the hospital that was part of quality circles.Results: Most of the QC members reported an improvement in terms of the Job satisfaction andaccomplishment that was measured on the 6 parameters. The perception of the Non-members about thegeneral organizational climate was on the lower side in comparison to the members ofthe QCs. The membersof the QC seemed to fare better than the Non- members.Discussion and Conclusion: If the top and middle management develop faith and conviction in the efficacyof the QC program, then rolling this out is not an issue at all. Most of the members were appreciative of thefact that program of this kind was great learning experience. There was a unanimous agreement on the factthat this activity should continue and be extended to the whole of the organization in the whole country.The findings suggested that the employees saw positive changes after becoming part of QCs in regard totheir personal growth and they also perceived positive changes in certain important organizational aspectswhich helped them to function effectively.The organizational climate seemed to have improved with QC as reflected in job satisfaction and sense ofaccomplishment between QC members and non-Members.