bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ФОРМУВАННЯ У ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТІ 227 «ТЕРАПІЯ ТА РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЯ» РОЗУМІННЯ СПЕЦИФІКИ ПІДХОДІВ ДО РОБОТИ З ОСОБАМИ ІЗ ПОСТТРАВМАТИЧНИМ СТРЕСОВИМ РОЗЛАДОМ
Authors: Андрійчук О. Я. , Степаненко В. В. , Петришин Л. Й. , Степаненко В. І. , Федчишин Н. О. , Гриньків Н. І.
Published: April 2024

Анотація. У статті окреслено основні аспекти формування у здобувачів вищої освіти спеціальності 227 «Терапія та реабілітація» розуміння різних підходів роботи фахівців з особами із посттравматичним стресовим розладом. Зазначено, що це передбачає наявність цілісного, багатовимірного, міжпредметного уявлення про сутність посттравматичного стресового розладу, його механізми та наслідки, а також розуміння меж власної компетентності і компетентності колег, які можуть бути залучені до складу мультидисциплінарної команди в процесі роботи з особами із посттравматичним стресовим розладом або надавати допомогу самостійно відповідно до потреб пацієнта/клієнта.

Визначено підходи фахівців різних спеціальностей, що застосовуються в межах основних напрямів роботи з особами із посттравматичним стресовим розладом. Звернено увагу, що профілактичний напрям базується на методологічних підходах гігієни як науки і в його основі лежить принцип підвищення резильєнтності особистості. В межах лікувального напряму роботи з особами із посттравматичним стресовим розладом висвітлено фармакологічний та психотерапевтичний підходи, спрямовані на обмеження дії стрес-чинника та зменшення рівня стрес-реакції. З’ясовано, що в основі реабілітаційного напряму лежить концепція ліквідації психосоціальних наслідків дезадаптації пацієнтів. Зазначено, що співпраця фахівців, залучених до роботи з особами із посттравматичним стресовим розладом, повинна базуватися на біопсихосоціальній моделі, системному, компетентнісному, інтегрованому і мультидисциплінарному підходах. Розуміння фахівцями меж і специфіки як власної діяльності, так і діяльності колег у процесі роботи з особами із посттравматичним стресовим розладом забезпечує ефективний розподіл обов’язків, де кожен із фахівців несе відповідальність за свою частину роботи.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ І МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ У МАЙБУТНІХ ДЕРМАТОЛОГІВ
Authors: Паласюк Г. Б. , Шкільна М. І. , Грицишин Л. Є. , Смаглій З. В.
Published: April 2024

Анотація. У статті здійснено комплексне дослідження проблеми формування термінологічної компетентності майбутніх дерматологів. Підкреслено важливе значення фахової термінології для медичної науки. Розкрито актуальність формування навичок грамотного формулювання діагнозу і стандартизації його написання латинською мовою для майбутнього лікаря-дерматолога. У процесі дослідження охарактеризовано структуру клінічних термінів із компонентами “cutis” і “derma”. На основі структурно-семантичної специфіки відібраних термінів сформовано чотири лексико-семантичні групи. Обґрунтовано, що у номенклатурі дерматології часто використовуються афіксальні способи термінотворення. Проаналізовано значення термінів, утворених суфіксальним способом. Наголошено, що розуміння етимології дерматологічних клінічних термінів сприяє кращому їх запам’ятовуванню і використанню у практичній діяльності. Проаналізовано методи навчальної діяльності, які сприяють формуванню термінологічної компетентності майбутнього дерматолога.
Стан проблем телереабілітації пацієнток із раком молочної залози та формування вимог до сучасних телереабілітаційних систем
Authors: Семікопна Т. В. , Сивак О. В. , Sayko O. Y. , Соловйова В.С. , Каширіна О.В. , Владимиров О.А.
Published: April 2024

У статті проаналізовано міжнародний досвід використання методів і засобів телереабілітації онкологічних пацієнтів із раком молочної залози. На основі виконаного аналізу сформовано комплекс методичних вимог до створення сучасних інформаційно-технологічних засобів телереабілітації та їх застосування.
ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ: СТВОРЕННЯ СТАНДАРТІВ І МЕХАНІЗМІВ СЕРТИФІКАЦІЇ
Authors: Мінцер О. П. , Ганинець П. П. , Сарканич О. В. , Жовнір В. А. , Вембер Є. В.
Published: April 2024

Досліджено питання створення міжнародних стандартів медичної освіти та акредитації освітніх закладів. Підкреслюється думка, що незважаючи на запропоновані переваги глобальної гармонізації освітніх програм в охороні здоров'я, включаючи мобільність лікарів і підвищення якості медичної допомоги шляхом упровадження новітніх інформаційних технологій (ІТ), проблеми та непередбачені наслідки потребують більш ретельного вивчення. Це стосується в першу чергу реалізації глобальних освітніх програм та їхній зв'язок із місцевим контекстом влади та культури. Дослідження полягало у вивченні поточного стану та динаміки якості медичної освіти, визначенні національних пріоритетів безперервної медичної освіти, розвиток якої відбувається під впливом сучасних світових трендів, враховуючи глобальні стандарти Всесвітньої федерації медичної освіти (WFME) й Європейські стандарти забезпечення якості вищої освіти, а також акредитації медичної освіти. З'ясовано, що швидкий розвиток ІТ і глобалізаційні процеси значно вплинули на розвиток медичної освіти як в Україні, так і в усьому світі, зумовили зміну парадигми про ціннісні орієнтири безперервного професійного розвитку лікарів.
Стандартизація медичної освіти є важливою умовою для забезпечення академічної мобільності здо-бувачів вищої освіти, професійної мобільності лікарів і викладачів, інших спеціалістів у галузі охорони здоров'я; спрямована на поліпшення якості медичної освіти, сприяє прозорості зовнішнього оцінювання діяльності закладів медичної освіти. Глобальні стандарти WFME для поліпшення якості медичної освіти й Європейські стандарти та рекомендації про забезпечення якості у вищій освіти визначено в якості інструментів акредитації у медичній освіті. Глокалізація стандартів медичної акредитації має проводитися таким чином, щоб привести практику акредитації у відповідність до глобальних стандартів, забезпечуючи при цьому адекватний облік місцевих цінностей і соціальних потреб. Україною також визначено національні пріоритети розвитку медичної освіти на найближче десятиріччя. Технології застосування акредитаційних механізмів і стандартів медичної освіти, хоча і збільшуються, не є універсальним. Запропоновано модульний принцип упровадження стандартів та акредитаційних механізмів, що включають базисний глобальний рівень стандартів, локальних методик і модуль нових інформаційних технологій. Перспективи подальших досліджень автори вбачають у визначенні умов для запровадження внутрішніх стандартів і формування культури якості у медичних університетах.
Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Afterload in Patients Undergoing Mitral Transcatheter Edge‐to‐Edge Repair
Authors: Bou Chaaya Rody G. , Hatab Taha , Samimi Sahar , Qamar Fatima , Kharsa Chloe , Aoun Joe , Faza Nadeen , Little Stephen H. , Atkins Marvin D. , Reardon Michael J. , Kleiman Neal S. , Nagueh Sherif F. , Zoghbi William A. , Guha Ashrith , Zaid Syed , Goel Sachin S.
Published: April 2024

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) are associated with adverse outcomes after mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair. We aim to study the prognostic value of invasively measured right ventricular afterload in patients undergoing mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair.

Methods and Results

We identified patients who underwent right heart catheterization ≤1 month before transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair. The end points were all‐cause mortality and a composite of mortality and heart failure hospitalization at 2 years. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve–derived threshold of 0.6 for pulmonary effective arterial elastance ([Ea], pulmonary artery systolic pressure/stroke volume), patients were stratified into 3 profiles based on PH severity (low elastance [HE]: Ea <0.6/mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP)) <35; High Elastance with No/Mild PH (HE−): Ea ≥0.6/mPAP <35; and HE with Moderate/Severe PH (HE+): Ea ≥0.6/mPAP ≥35) and MR pathogenesis (Primary MR [PMR])/low elastance, PMR/HE, and secondary MR). The association between this classification and clinical outcomes was examined using Cox regression. Among 114 patients included, 50.9% had PMR. Mean±SD age was 74.7±10.6 years. Patients with Ea ≥0.6 were more likely to have diabetes, atrial fibrillation, New York Heart Association III/IV status, and secondary MR (all
P
<0.05). Overall, 2‐year cumulative survival was 71.1% and was lower in patients with secondary MR and mPAP ≥35. Compared with patients with low elastance, cumulative 2‐year event‐free survival was significantly lower in HE− and HE+ patients (85.5% versus 50.4% versus 41.0%, respectively,
P
=0.001). Also, cumulative 2‐year event‐free survival was significantly higher in patients with PMR/low elastance when compared with PMR/HE and patients with secondary mitral regurgitation (85.5% versus 55.5% versus 46.1%, respectively,
P
=0.005).

Conclusions

Assessment of the preprocedural cardiopulmonary profile based on mPAP, MR pathogenesis, and Ea guides patient selection by identifying hemodynamic features that indicate likely benefit from mitral‐transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair in PH or lack thereof.
Icograda: The International Council of Graphic Design Associations 1963-2013
Authors: Dias Dora Souza
Published: April 2024

This article follows the International Council of Graphic Design Associations throughout its first 50 years of activities. Initially shaped from Western European perspectives on graphic design, which included the pursuit of universal standards and favoritism towards designers from certain countries, the Council's quest for recognition led its change towards a more inclusive and diverse path. This article concludes by acknowledging the changes the Council went through throughout the years and the nature of its work, along with remarks about the potential contributions of its archive to graphic design history, with valuable documentation on its membership from 1963 to 2003.
Design Semiotics and the Economy of Surplus-Enjoyment
Authors: Beckett Stephen
Published: April 2024

This article extends the remit of Saussurean semiotics from design criticism to design theory. It does this by invoking concepts from the work of psychoanalytic theorist Jacques Lacan. It begins by exploring the role of the signifier in Lacan's theory of language and connects it to concepts of subjectivity, desire, and surplus-enjoyment. This leads to the hypothesis that the essence of design is the production of surplus-enjoyment—a hypothesis at odds with the notion that design exists to meet human needs. The article concludes by showing how semiotic theory by way of Lacan can be used to explore the cultural, subjective, and social dimensions of the design artifact in new and productive ways. The work is intended to be accessible even to readers who are unfamiliar with Lacan's work.
The Evolution of Apolline divination in Asia Minor: The Architecture of Claros and its Cognitive Inputs
Authors: Frigerio Giulia
Published: April 2024

This article investigates the agency of the architecture of the Temple of Apollo at Claros and its cognitive impact on the ritual of divination. In the comparison with Delphi, Claros represents a peculiar example of how architecture evolved to suit and shape at the same time the ritual it was hosting. The paper starts with the analysis of the exteriors of the building, highlighting the choice of the Doric style dictated by the desire of being associated to Delphi. A further analysis of the internal layout gives the author a chance of describing the cognitive inputs that the peculiar structure sent to the ancient mind. Specifically, the paper studies how the narrow tunnels made of black marble that turned seven times and the underground cave like adyton created a situation of sensory confusion in the mind of the seekers and the oracle that found themselves prone to detect agencies in the surrounding space and specifically to identify the agent with Apollo.
Trade Sanctions against Russia and their WTO Consistency: Focusing on Justification under National Security Exceptions
Authors: Kawashima Fujio
Published: April 2024

In the wake of Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, around 40 countries/economies, including G7 members, responded to impose a wide range of economic, including trade-related, sanctions on Russia. The question immediately arises as to whether such sanctions violate the WTO agreements or are justified under the relevant national security exceptions. After introducing the material facts of the economic sanctions against Russia as well as the development of WTO jurisprudence on national security exceptions – particularly Article XXI(b)(iii) of the GATT –, this article goes on to analyse the WTO consistency of these trade sanctions against Russia, on a country-by-country and a measure-by-measure basis. From the standpoint of the “war or other emergency in international relations” and “its essential security interests” requirements, countries are categorised according to their geographic proximity and relationship (e.g., military alliances, customs unions, etc) to the belligerents, while measures are categorised by their nature and aim from the standpoint of the “necessary to protect” requirement.
Cretafrica orapensis: a new genus and species of Mycetoporinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from lacustrine deposits at Orapa Diamond Mine, Botswana
Authors: Mnguni Sandiso , McKay Ian James , Badenhorst Shaw
Published: April 2024

A new genus and species of staphylinid beetle, Cretafrica orapensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. is described using a single well-preserved impression fossil from an Upper Cretaceous fossil insect deposit, the Orapa Diamond Mine in Botswana. Cretafrica is placed in the extant subfamily Mycetoporinae based on its general habitus, typical sublimuloid medium-to-large body form, elongated head, visible ridge on ventral side of head under eyes, antennomeres increasing in length and width apically, scutellum with basal carina that is distinctly divided medially, elevated area along suture of the elytra, and presumably large metacoxae, and tapering abdomen. It differs from other Mycetoporinae by its triangular head and elytra with broadly rounded apico-lateral margins. A possible preservation distortion illustrates brush-like or fork-like mouthparts. The fossil insect may have been found in forest litter or fresh and rotting mushrooms at Orapa. It confirms the widespread distribution of mycetoporines with phytophagous or mycophagous lifestyles during the mid-Cretaceous. Moreover, like other described fossil staphylinids, the fossil portrays morphological stasis dating back to the Cretaceous. It further confirms the proposed punctuated equilibrium pattern of evolution.
Boldness, Caution, Avoidance: Recent Cases Against the UK Before the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Graham Lewis
Published: April 2024

Strasbourg has faced considerable hostility from United Kingdom (UK) authorities in recent years. But what has been the response of the European Court of Human Rights? Has this criticism resulted in capitulation, backlash, or business as usual? This article offers an empirical assessment of all applications against the UK dealt with by the European Court of Human Rights since 2020. It considers the available quantitative data and broad numbers relating to relevant cases in this period, before examining the substance of its judgments and decisions in greater depth. It describes the areas in which Strasbourg’s approach has been bold, and those areas in which its output is characterised by caution or even avoidance. The picture which emerges is therefore not a straightforward one. However, one notable and important change which emerges from the data seems to be the speed with which applications against the UK are dealt with.
First record from Europe of the Asian bamboo-feeding leafhopper Trifida bilobata Ohara, 2014 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)
Authors: POGGI FRANCESCO , SANNA FRANCESCO , CASIRAGHI ALICE , ŠĆIBAN MARKO , KUNZ GERNOT
Published: April 2024

The Asian bamboo-feeding leafhopper Trifida bilobata Ohara, 2014 from Japan, is recorded for the first time in several European countries (Spain, Switzerland, Italy, Austria and Serbia). Morphology and ecology of the collected specimens in Europe are presented.
‘The mysteries of the nerves in a starving body’
Authors: Reynolds Susan
Published: April 2024

Thomas Mann described the Norwegian author Knut Hamsun (1859-1952) as ‘a descendant of Fyodor Dostoevsky and Friedrich Nietzsche’ in a festschrift compiled for Hamsun’s 70th birthday, featuring articles by Heinrich Mann, Musil, Schoenberg, Hesse, Gorky, Masaryk and Gide. However, Hamsun’s reputation subsequently declined so much that on his eightieth birthday he received tributes only from Goebbels, Alfred Rosenberg and Hitler. Although Hamsun won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1920, his controversial political views overshadowed his literary reputation, and the influence of Nietzsche on his later work has received more attention than that of Dostoevsky. Examination of his novels and correspondence, however, reveals the considerable importance of Dostoevsky in Hamsun’s literary development. Hamsun felt that contemporary fiction was only concerned with psychology as a serviceable element within a specific plot. He contrasted this with the unpredictability of Dostoevsky’s characters, which he saw as true to his own experience of subsisting through menial jobs, and planned to make the basis of his own writings. Despite visiting Russia and the Caucasus, Hamsun never mastered Russian, and read Dostoevsky only in translations. This essay examines those works available to Norwegian readers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, and the evidence in Hamsun’s novels and plays of their impact on his creative life. While overviewing the reception of Russian literature in both Sweden and Norway in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, I focus on three of Hamsun’s novels, Sult (Hunger: 1890), Mysterier (Mysteries; 1892) and Pan (1894), analysing the influence of Dostoevsky on Hamsun’s portrayal of poverty, hunger and their effects on his protagonists’ behaviour, and on his treatment of religious and existential themes. I also note the reciprocal process by which Hamsun’s works were translated into Russian, achieved considerable popularity, and had a strong influence on Gorky.
Translation from Russian in the Melting Pot of Japanese Literature
Authors: Cockerill Hiroko
Published: April 2024

Futabatei Shimei was the first significant translator from Russian into Japanese. In his two debut translations, Ivan Turgenev’s ‘The Tryst’ (‘Aibiki’) and ‘A Chance Encounter’ (‘Meguriai’), both published in 1888, he reproduced the preterite by employing ‘-ta’ verb endings. In 1914, Nakamura Hakuyō published a translation of Fedor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment, in which he meticulously reproduced almost all the third-person pronouns using ‘kare (he)’ and ‘kanojo (she)’. Natsume Soseki, in later works such as Grass on the Wayside (Michikusa, 1915) and Light and Darkness (Meian, 1916), masterfully employed both the preterite (‘-ta’ verb endings) and third-person pronouns, duplicating their use in European languages. However, neither ‘-ta’ verb endings nor third-person pronouns were widely adopted in the modern Japanese novel. The use of ‘-ta’ verb endings expressing the past tense, and of the Japanese third-person pronouns kare and kanojo, temporarily became the norm in translations, but recently the frequency of third-person pronouns has started to decline rapidly. This chapter examines how past tense forms and third-person pronouns have been used in translations from Russian into Japanese; and studies the impact of translations from Russian on the Japanese literary language.
Translation of Russian Literature in North and South Vietnam during 1955-75
Authors: Nguyen Trang
Published: April 2024

1955-1975, the decades of the Vietnam War, was a unique period in Vietnamese history: the nation was divided into South and North, under two different political regimes. North Vietnam built Socialism while the Republic of Vietnam was formed in the South with American support. Thus the translation of Russian literature in each region was dominated by differing political discourse and cultural contexts. In North Vietnam, translators trained in the Soviet Union helped to connect Russian and Vietnamese literature. In the South, intellectuals influenced by Western ideology introduced Russian literature. I argue that North Vietnam and South Vietnam rewrote Russian literary history in ways that are closely tied to the two political discourses of the two regions, forming a translation polysystem.
Pale Fire of the Revolution
Authors: Belousova Anastasia , Méndez Santiago E.
Published: April 2024

This chapter aims to explore the failed intercultural dialogue between Russian and Colombian literature, identifying the factors that contributed to its failure. While Russian literature had a considerable presence in Latin America, it aroused little interest among Colombian translators and writers until the last decades of the twentieth century. The lack of an adequate social environment, both formal and informal, resulting from the specificity of the Colombian cultural situation and the country’s unique relationship with Russia during the Cold War, was a major factor in this superficial reception of Russian literature in Colombia. However, the Soviet international educational project and generalized processes of globalization gradually increased direct engagement with Russian literature, including the number of translations. The chapter offers a first outline of the history of translation and reception of Russian literature in Colombia. It reviews the cultural situation in Colombia and analyzes examples of Russian literature’s reception in the twentieth century (Ramón Vinyes, Los Nuevos group, Luis Tejada, León de Greiff, and Gabriel García Márquez); it also summarizes the history of the Colombian-Soviet Cultural Institute, its publications and related cultural activities, and examines the work of Colombian translators of Russian literature.
The Effects of Pulmonary Risk Factors and Combination Thoracic Osseous Fractures on Mortality and Outcomes of Surgical Stabilization of Rib Fractures
Authors: Tullington Jessica E. , Brown Laura R. , Flippin J. Alford , Fu Chih-Yuan , Patel Jasmine , Bokhari Faran
Published: April 2024

Background

Rib fixation for traumatic rib fractures is advocated to decrease morbidity and mortality in select patient populations. We intended to investigate the effect of combination osseous thoracic injuries on mortality with the hypothesis that combination injuries will worsen overall mortality and that SSRF will improve outcomes in combination injuries and in high-risk patients.

Methods

Patients with rib fractures were identified from the Trauma Quality Improvement Project registry from 2019. Patients were then divided into rib fracture(s) alone or in combination with sternal, thoracic vertebra, or scapula fracture. Patients were also categorized into those with COPD and smokers. Patients with AIS >3 outside of thorax were excluded. Patients were subcategorized into those who had rib fixation verse nonoperative management for all subgroups. Analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of rib fixation.

Results

A total of 111,066 patients were included for analysis. The overall mortality was 1.4%. Patients with COPD had over double the mortality risk, with an overall mortality of 3.4%. Combination injuries did not appear to increase mortality. SSRF did not decrease mortality; however, the number of patients in this group was too small to complete statistical analysis. The overall complication rate was 0.43%. There was a trend towards an increase in extrapulmonary complications in the group that underwent surgical fixation.

Discussion

Mortality from rib fractures with concomitant osseous thoracic fracture appears to be low. However, mortality is increased in patients with COPD regardless of rib fracture pattern. The number of patients who underwent SSRF was too small to make a statistical comparison.
Hierarchical nanoengineered emulsion with robust adhesion enables superior self-cleaning cotton fabrics
Authors: Han Jinchun , Du Mingjuan , Huang Yong , Fu Shaoju , Yu Jianyong , Li Zhaoling , Ding Bin
Published: April 2024

Self-cleaning treatment is of vital importance for the practical application of functional cotton fabrics. However, developing highly efficient, eco-friendly, and durable hydrophobic and oleophobic treatment agents still remains a great challenge. Herein, inspired by the design of the inorganic–organic nanonetwork, we successfully synthesized a novel core–shell structured emulsion of nano-SiO2/fluorine-silicon polyacrylate through semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. The introduction of long-chain alkyl methacrylate octadecyl ester within the shell phase results in a more organized arrangement of fluorine atoms on the surface of cotton fabrics, leading to a rapid reduction in the surface free energy of latex film. The sample is optimized with 20 wt% dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate and 1 wt% SiO2. The nanoengineered emulsion exhibits strong adhesion and effectively transforms the hydrophilic cotton fabrics into hydrophobic (143.2°) and oleophobic (121.6°) materials. Besides, the self-cleaning characteristic can withstand 25 laundering cycles and 800 abrasion cycles with enhanced robustness. This work opens up a pathway to develop effective, green but long-lasting amphiphobic agents for functional fabrics and sustainable textiles.
Partial loss-of-effectiveness tolerant control of four-motor synchronous driving servo system based on current observer
Authors: Lv Runze , Song Runsheng , Wang Baofang , Cai Mingjie
Published: April 2024

In this paper, fault-tolerant control (FTC) of a four-motor servo system in the presence of an actuator partial loss of effectiveness (PLOE) is studied. First, a current observer is designed to observe the effectiveness factor and current of each motor to determine the motor’s working status. Second, to reduce the computational burden in the process of backstepping design, the command filter is used for handling the computational complexity. In the design process, the speed synchronisation and torque balance signals are designed to ensure that each motor can still maintain high synchronisation performance after the fault occurs. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed FTC method is proved and verified through simulations, and the system can accurately track the desired angular position on the premise of ensuring synchronisation performance even in the presence of the fault.
Assessing emerging causes of mitral regurgitation: atrial functional mitral regurgitation
Authors: Nappi Francesco
Published: April 2024

Functional or secondary mitral regurgitation is linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. From a mechanical perspective, secondary mitral regurgitation occurs due to an imbalance between the forces that tether the mitral leaflets and those that close them. This results in incomplete coaptation. Most commonly, functional mitral regurgitation, which occurs in both ischaemic and non-ischaemic disease states, is usually caused by dysfunction and changes in the left ventricle. Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) is a disease state that has been more recently recognized. It occurs when mitral annular enlargement is associated with left atrial dilatation, preserving left ventricular geometry and function. AFMR is typically seen in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation or heart failure who have a conserved ejection fraction. Published reports and ongoing investigations vary in how they define AFMR. This publication examines the pathophysiology of AFMR and highlights the importance of having a common working standard for the definition of AFMR to ensure consistency in the data reported and to drive forward the much needed research into the outcomes and treatment strategies in this area. Several studies have reported that restrictive annuloplasty and transcatheter edge-to-edge repair can reduce mitral regurgitation and improve symptoms. This narrative review will explore the pathophysiology, echocardiographic diagnosis and treatment of AFMR.
Outcome-Reporting Bias in Special Education Intervention Research Using Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Group Designs: A Conceptual Replication
Authors: Talbott Elizabeth , Maggin Daniel M. , Chua Meveryn , Ashley Lauren , Chen Xiaohong , Chin Philippa A. , Curry Mary Kate
Published: April 2024

We conducted a conceptual replication of Pigott et al.’s study of outcome-reporting bias, wherein they compared intervention outcomes reported in unpublished education dissertations with corresponding published versions. For our replication, we identified a sample of 40 special education dissertations with matched journal publications and found that statistically significant intervention outcomes from dissertations were 1.48 times more likely to be published compared with nonsignificant outcomes. Significant moderators of this effect included type of intervention outcome (academic), type of research design (randomized controlled trial), participant race (with samples greater than or equal to 50% non-White), and type of disability/exceptionality (high incidence). We found that few dissertation authors published their work, providing further evidence for the much-needed inclusion of dissertations in systematic reviews.
Growing a provincial patient and family engagement network to optimize kidney care
Authors: Chiu Helen Hoi-Lun , Lee Brenda Ken San , Bennett Laura Lee , Spensley John Randy , Dear William Walker , Koo Winphia , Saunders Sushila Marie , Freeborn Gloria Teresa
Published: April 2024

Patient and family engagement is crucial for a responsive health system and improves patient outcomes. However, few practical resources for purposeful engagement are available to health leaders. Over the past five years, BC Renal, the provincial kidney care network in British Columbia, developed, operationalized, and implemented a framework to enable meaningful patient and family engagement. An advisory committee, comprising patient partners and representatives from health authorities and the community, directs the outreach, resource development, and evaluation of patient and family engagement at BC Renal. Here, we describe how our network-wide patient engagement strategy was developed and expanded upon, and the progress so far. A 2022 survey reports that 95% were satisfied with the engagement opportunities, and narrative feedback suggests network members continue to adopt practical ways to collaborate more effectively. Health leaders, patient partners, and others continue to align operational and strategic activities to advance culture change in kidney care provincially.
Mobility Device Use and Frailty Progression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mobility Limitations
Authors: Chau Amanda , Kim Dae H. , Sison Stephanie Denise M. , Shi Sandra M.
Published: April 2024

Objective: Examine the association between mobility device use and changes in a frailty index (FI) over one year in community-dwelling older adults with mobility limitations. Methods: Analyses utilized 2015–2016 data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study community-dwelling older adults ( n = 3934). We calculated a validated 40-item deficit accumulation frailty index (FI) in 2015 and 2016 and compared one year change in FI in older adults with/without canes or walkers using multivariable logistic regression. Analyses were repeated with stratification by baseline frailty. Results: Device use was not associated with worsening frailty in the overall cohort, but was associated with worsening frailty in non-frail individuals when stratified by baseline frailty. Discussion: Device use does not worsen frailty in individuals who are frail at baseline. Device users who were not frail at baseline experienced worsening frailty suggesting additional contributing factors to their frailty aside from mobility limitations.
Multiobjective optimization of laser welding parameters for P92 steel based on MFO/MOEAD-Kriging
Authors: Yan Bo , Guo Yonghuan , Fan Xiying , Zhao Jinyue , Lu Xiangning , Zhang Xinran , Ma Lihang
Published: April 2024

P92 steel is used in steam equipment of thermal power plants and nuclear power plants. It needs to withstand high temperature and high pressure during service, so high-quality welds are required. Laser welding can easily obtain good weld quality and reduce the probability of coarse grains and welding defects in the heat-affected zone. Post-weld deformation, residual stress, and weld hardness are important indexes for evaluating weld quality, which largely depends on the combination of laser welding process parameters. The multiobjective optimization methods of moth-flame optimization (MFO) and multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition under the Kriging model were compared in this research. It was found that the MFO algorithm has a faster optimization speed and better overall effect. The Optimal Latin hypercube sampling method was used to design the simulation test. The welding seam-forming process was simulated by the SYSWELD software. The Kriging model was used to make the nonlinear relationship between the process parameters and the weld quality indexes significant. A new data set was designed to evaluate the accuracy of the model. On this basis, the efficiency of the combination of process parameters optimized by the two algorithms was compared. The simulation and experimental results were in good agreement with the multiobjective optimization results of the MFO. In the experimental verification, the optimized weld quality was analyzed from the aspects of microstructure and mechanical properties. The results showed that the multiobjective optimization method quickly and effectively reduces the probability of weld quality defects in actual welding, thereby improving weld quality. This multiobjective optimization method provides valuable research ideas for engineering research and development to effectively shorten its development cycle.
Technophobia and ICT usage among Librarians in higher educational institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Busayo Isaac Oluwadare , Adekoya Clement Ola , Fasae Joseph Kehinde
Published: April 2024

This study investigated technophobia and ICT usage among librarians in higher educational institutions in Nigeria. The study adapted the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale Form C (CARS-C), Computer Thoughts Survey Form C (CTS-C), and General Attitudes Towards Computers Scale Form C (GATCS-C) developed by Rosen et al.. A questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. It was found that while a high extent of technophobia and a low extent of ICT skills were found among the older librarians, the reverse was the case with younger librarians. The study also found a significant difference in the extent of technophobia between older and younger librarians based on the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale, the Computer Thoughts Survey, and the General Attitudes Towards Computers Scale. It was recommended that the librarians should attend ICT training to acquire more ICT skills.
Developing and Sustaining Future Workforces: Focusing on Work and Learning
Authors: Morris Linda E.
Published: April 2024

During CONFINTEA VII’s Panel 4: “Preparing adults for the future of work” and throughout the conference, participants grappled with crafting a transformative agenda, where adult learning and education (ALE) prepares adults for future workplaces, education is viewed as an individual right and a common good, and sustainable development is a global imperative. CONFINTEA VII presentations and dialogue ( https://www.uil.unesco.org/en/seventh-international-conference-adult-education ) underscore challenges faced and factors impacting society and shaping work, for example, digital transformation, industry 4.0, transition to a green economy and the constant need to acquire new skills. This article conveys conferees’ shared perspectives on emerging strategies, policies, and practices to support transformation and sustainable development, implications for practice, and collaborative action. Among recurring themes: (a) emerging technologies generating dynamic future workplaces, (b) abundant new opportunities for work and growth, (c) intensifying emphasis on access, inclusion, and tackling global problems, and (d) workplaces harnessed as learning places where learning to learn and continuous learning skills are de rigueur.
Design of metadevices based on isotropic materials for eigenfrequency recovery in lightened structures
Authors: Albanesi Alejandro E , Álvarez-Hostos Juan C , Fachinotti Víctor D , Volpe Nahuel J
Published: April 2024

This work presents a novel approach for the design of metadevices conceived to recover a prescribed set of the natural eigenfrequencies of a structure lightened by machining arbitrary shape holes, using classical topology optimization (TO) techniques. This TO metadevice design (TOMD) is performed by minimizing the error of an eigenfrequency recovery task, using the finite element method (FEM) as an analysis tool, ensuring manufacturability via the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) approach with Heaviside filtering to reduce intermediate-density areas. The spatial variation of mechanical properties derives from the macroscopically distinguishable dual material distribution obtained from the TOMD problem. The methodology was first tested on lightened thin steel plates and then extended to a real-world 3D mechanical component with additional mechanical performance testing. In all cases, the optimized metadevice yielded lower error in recovering eigenfrequencies compared to the lightened component without the metadevice. Furthermore, the metadevice generally achieved further mass reduction, demonstrating its potential for lightweight design while restoring its original eigenfrequencies.
Cultural persistence and the ‘herbal medicine paradox’: Evidence from European data
Authors: Costa-Font Joan , Sato Azusa
Published: April 2024

The use of herbal or traditional medicines has survived the proliferation of modern medicine. The phenomenon has been labeled as the ‘herbal medicines paradox’ (HMP). We study whether such HMP hypothesis can be explained by the persistence of attitudes across cultural boundaries. We undertake a secondary analysis of individual-level migration data to test the persistence of the use of herbal medicines in relation to norms in the person’s country of birth (or home country). We study the association between attitudes towards herbal medicine treatments of both first ( N = 3630) and second-generation ( N = 1618) immigrants in 30 European countries, and the average attitudes of their sending country origins. We find robust evidence of an association that is stronger for the second-generation migrants. We document a stronger effect among maternal than paternal lineages, as well as significant heterogeneity based on migrants’ country of origin. Our estimates are robust to different sample analysis. Our estimates are consistent with a cultural explanation for the HMP.
Weight misperception and weight-related behaviors in non-Hispanic Black youth
Authors: Fenton Tienna , Bastida Elena
Published: April 2024

Current literature is conflicting regarding whether accurate weight perception encourages healthy weight-related behaviors. This study examined the prevalence of weight misperception and explored associations between weight misperception and weight-related behaviors among 353 Black adolescents in Broward County, Florida. Overall, 44.8% of participants misperceived their weight, with boys more often misperceiving their weight than girls (52.2% vs 40.2%). Students who misperceived their weight were more likely to try to lose weight but less likely to be adequately physically active. Adolescents who underestimated their weight were less likely to be physically active and excessively play video or computer games or use a computer. There was no association between weight misperception and daily physical education attendance or excessive television watching. Weight misperception appears to be a risk factor for obesity in adolescents, as weight misperception was associated with lower engagement in physical activity.
Do clinical guidelines support person-centred care for women affected by dementia: A content analysis
Authors: Gengeswaran Nevetda , Brandwood Alec , Anderson Natalie N , Ramlakhan Jessica U , Gagliardi Anna R
Published: April 2024

Background

Dementia disproportionately affects women including persons living with dementia and caregivers. Person-centered care, rather than disease-focused, is recommended to improve care for affected persons including caregivers. General practitioners play a central role in dementia care but find it challenging due to inadequate training. The study aimed to assess if and how dementia guidelines provide clinicians with guidance on person-centred care for women affected by dementia.

Methods

We searched for publicly available English-language guidelines on the overall management of dementia in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Guidelines International Network repository. We employed deductive and summative content analysis, and categorized person-centered care guideline content based on established frameworks, and conveyed our results using summary statistics, text, and tables.

Results

We reviewed 15 guidelines published from 2006 to 2020 in eight countries. Few (4, 23%) involved persons living with dementia or caregivers in guideline development. Regarding general person-centred care, guidelines mostly addressed the domains of exchange information (93%), share decisions (93%), enable self-management (93%) and address emotions (87%), while few offered content on manage uncertainty (33%) or foster a healing relationship (13%). Regarding dementia-specific person-centred care, most guidelines addressed intersectionality (tailoring care for diverse characteristics) (80%), but few included content on the domains of quality of life (67%), dignity (53%) or sex/gender issues (20%). Even when mentioned, the guidance was typically brief. We identified 32 general and 18 dementia-specific strategies to achieve person-centered care by compiling information from these guidelines.

Conclusions

This study identified inconsistent and insufficient guideline content on person-centred care for women with dementia. Compiled strategies for achieving person-centred care could be used by developers to enhance existing and future dementia guidelines; and inform the development of policies or programs, education, tools for clinicians, and quality improvement measures for evaluating dementia care. Future research is crucial for promoting person-centred dementia care for women living with dementia.
Vascular access route venture of the chronic hemodialysis patient: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Gibyeli Genek Dilek , Alp Alper , Uyar Gazezoğlu Okşan , Huddam Bülent
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to collect evidence to improve the arteriovenous fistula practice by investigating vascular access routes and by identifying the factors influencing the preferred types of vascular access routes for the first-time hemodialysis in our center.

Methods

We performed an epidemiological, prospective, cohort study. The study included 308 patients, who underwent hemodialysis for the first time between March 2023 and August 2023 in our hemodialysis center. We evaluated biochemical parameters, preferred vascular access routes for the first-time hemodialysis, planned/emergency hemodialysis status, the qualifications of the healthcare provider, who inserted the central venous catheter, if applicable, the presence of hypervolemia, anticoagulant use, nephrology follow-up findings, and in-hospital mortality in all patients and in those, who continued with chronic hemodialysis.

Results

The number of patients, who continued with chronic hemodialysis, was 167 (54.2%) and a temporary internal jugular central venous catheter was the most commonly preferred vascular access route for the first-time hemodialysis (47.3%). A central venous catheter was most commonly inserted by a nephrologist (53.7%) in chronic hemodialysis patients. Of the patients continuing with chronic hemodialysis, 45.5% were followed up in the nephrology outpatient clinic, 9.6% initiated hemodialysis on a planned basis, and 8.4% initiated hemodialysis with an arteriovenous fistula. A temporary internal jugular central venous catheter was commonly preferred when patients were followed up in the nephrology clinic and when the insertion was performed by a nephrologist; a transient femoral central venous catheter was commonly preferred in case of hypervolemia ( p < .001, p < .001, and p = .028, respectively). Age, gender, etiology, anticoagulant use, or biochemical test results did not act on the selection of the access site for the insertion of central venous catheter at the time of the first hemodialysis treatment. The access site for central venous catheter was not associated with in-hospital mortality ( p = .644). In the overall patient group, the in-hospital mortality was significantly low in patients followed up in the nephrology clinic ( p = .014).

Conclusion

The use of pre-emptive arteriovenous fistula for the first hemodialysis treatment occurs much less commonly than expected. Hemodialysis initiation rates with pre-emptive arteriovenous fistula lag behind nephrology outpatient follow-up rates.
Fostering scientific integrity and research ethics in a science-for-policy research organisation
Authors: Lövestam Göran , Bremer-Hoffmann Susanne , Jonkers Koen , van Nes Pieter
Published: April 2024

The Joint Research Centre (JRC) is the European Commission’s in-house science and knowledge service, employing a substantial staff of scientists devoted to conducting research to provide independent scientific advice for EU policy. Focussed on various research areas aligned with EU priorities, the JRC excels in delivering scientific evidence for policymaking and has published numerous science-for-policy reports and scientific articles. Drawing on a scientific integrity statement, surveys among JRC’s research staff, and thematic discussions with JRC’s research leaders, the JRC has developed a comprehensive Scientific Integrity and Research Ethics (SIRE) framework, including instruments, procedures, and guidelines to ensure high standards and independence in its research. Key components of the SIRE framework include a Scientific Integrity Officer, an Editorial Review Board, a Research Ethics Board, and guidelines for responsible conduct of research. This article provides an overview of the JRC’s SIRE framework and how it was developed, emphasising the importance of maintaining independence, integrity, and ethics in scientific research that supports EU policy. The article also discusses potential gaps in the framework and where additional efforts may be needed, comparing with the recent U.S. National Science and Technology Council report on Protecting the Integrity of Government Science.