bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As dinâmicas da Pós-graduação em Santa Catarina: evolução e perspectivas (1969 - 2018)
Authors: Trevisol Joviles Vitório , Bastiani Sherlon Cristina de , Brasil André
Published: May 2020

A pós-graduação cresceu de forma exponencial nas últimas décadas no Brasil. Entre 1998 e 2018, o Sistema Nacional de Pós-Graduação (SNPG) cresceu 188% e o número de matrículas em mestrados e doutorados, 289%. No ano de 2017 foram titulados 21.393 doutores e 61.147 mestres, inclusive já superando uma das metas do Plano Nacional de Educação para 2024, que previa a titulação de 60 mil mestres por ano. Tal expansão ocorreu em todo o país, fato que torna relevantes os estudos para compreender as dinâmicas, as especificidades e as variações entre as regiões, estados da federação e segmentos das instituições que ofertam os programas (públicas e privadas). Com isso em mente, o presente artigo analisa a expansão da pós-graduação brasileira tomando como referência um estado da federação: Santa Catarina (SC). A escolha deve-se, entre outras razões, ao fato de o Estado ocupar a sétima posição nacional quanto ao número de programas de pós-graduação (PPG) e também quanto ao número de cursos de graduação presenciais. Além disso, SC expandiu a sua pós-graduação nos anos recentes, impulsionada pelas dinâmicas da interiorização da educação superior. Assim, o presente estudo foi desenvolvido por meio do uso de procedimentos e técnicas quantitativas e qualitativas, cabendo destaque para a sistematização e análise dos dados disponíveis na Plataforma Sucupira e no GeoCapes. O artigo demonstra, entre outros aspectos, que a pós-graduação catarinense cresceu mais do que a média nacional, totalizando 326% de 1998 a 2018, mas que tal PG existe em apenas 17 das 94 IES existentes no estado. Da mesma forma, inversamente ao que ocorre com a graduação, os mestrados e doutorados são majoritariamente ofertados pelo segmento público, que concentra cerca de 70% das matrículas (53% nas IES públicas federais e 16,6% pela única IES estadual). Enfim, a presente pesquisa mapeou a pós-graduação catarinense, incluindo suas conquistas e limitações, de forma que seja possível tanto obter uma compreensão abrangente dos resultados de políticas públicas de educação e pesquisa do passado, quanto também inspirar iniciativas futuras.
Estudos sobre a avaliação do Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil à luz das múltiplas abordagens teórico-metodológicas
Authors: Lima Wandilson Alisson Silva , Mendes Vera Lúcia Peixoto Santos
Published: May 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo central descrever as perspectivas dos estudos sobre a avaliação do Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES) à luz das múltiplas abordagens teórico-metodológicas. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados, que totalizaram 73 trabalhos lidos na íntegra, dos quais 28 foram considerados para discussão. Na análise documental, foram explorados os relatórios de Gestão do MEC dos últimos 10 anos. Os achados demonstram que as formas avaliativas do Programa são voltadas geralmente para a realidade local de alguma Instituição específica. Os estudos analisados justificam que inexistem pesquisas de avaliação o sob o enfoque de múltiplas abordagens teórico-metodológicas que contribuam para avaliar nacionalmente o PNAES. É possível afirmar a necessidade de desenvolver, validar, aplicar e difundir pesquisas pluralistas de avaliação com vistas à verificação da implementação do Programa.
A expansão das Universidades Federais e os seus efeitos de curto prazo sobre os Indicadores Municipais
Authors: Casqueiro Mayara Lima , Irffi Guilherme , Silva Cristiano da Costa da
Published: May 2020

Diante do quadro de expansão da rede de educação superior, este estudo se propõe a analisar o impacto da expansão das Universidades Federais sobre o desenvolvimento local dos municípios brasileiros, baseado em indicadores econômicos, sociais e de mercado de trabalho. Além disso, busca-se identificar os fatores que influenciaram os municípios a serem contemplados com um campus da Universidade. Para isso, emprega-se o método de pareamento com escore de propensão com objetivo de construir um grupo de controle que mais se assemelha ao grupo de tratamento. E, para estimar os efeitos, após o pareamento, são utilizados os estimadores de Diferenças em Diferenças e de Efeito Fixo. Os resultados indicam que municípios que possuem campus universitário particular, população superior a 50 mil habitantes e com maior relevância econômica (importância do PIB) na sua microrregião são fatores (ou características) que influenciaram na escolha dos municípios beneficiados com a política de expansão. Já em relação aos efeitos da expansão sobre os indicadores, observa-se que a criação de novos campi reduz o percentual de pobres nos municípios, em média, em 1,5 p.p. Além disso, há evidência (fraca) de que a política aumenta a renda per capita, o percentual de ocupados com nível superior e com nível médio. Contudo, vale ressaltar que talvez seja necessário maior período de tempo para que os efeitos da política de expansão causem impactos significativos sobre a economia.
Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi Crataegus L. Taksonlarının Bazı Morfolojik ve Biyokimyasal Özellikleri
Authors: ÇINAR Nurtaç , UYSAL BAYER Fatma , AYAS Fırat , YEĞİN Arzu , ÖTEN Mehmet
Published: May 2020

Yaygın olarak ‘alıçlar’ ismiyle bilinen Crataegus L. cinsi, birçok üyesi süs bitkisi ve gıda ürünü olarak kullanılan Rosaceae Juss familyasının bir üyesi olup, yaprak döken dikenli ağaç ve çalılardan oluşmaktadır. Cinse ait taksonlar meyve ağacı ve peyzaj amaçlı kullanıma ek olarak tıbbi amaçla da kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Antalya- Isparta ve Burdur illerinde doğal yayılış gösteren Crataegus taksonları, doğada bolluk ve gençleşme durumları, lokasyon özellikleri, standart toprak analizleri, bazı morfolojik ve biyokimyasal ölçüm sonuçları; çiçek çapı (mm) ve kümedeki sayısı (adet), yaprak eni (mm), boyu (mm) ve rengi (L, a, b, c, H°), meyve eni (mm), boyu (mm), rengi (L, a, b, c, H°), ağırlığı (g), suda çözünen kuru madde (%), pH, toplam asitlik (%), nem (%), kül (%), tohum sayısı (adet) ve tohum ağırlığı (g) değerleri belirlenmiştir. Doğada bolluk bakımından C. monogyna var. monogyna Jacq ve C. orentalis subsp. orientalis Pall. Ex M. Bieb. (Sarı meyveli), gençleşme bakımından ise C. azarolus L. taksonları ön plana çıkmıştır. Ölçüm ve analiz sonuçları taksonlar ve genotipler bazında değişiklikler göstermiş, meyve büyüklüğü C. orentalis subsp. orientalis Pall. Ex M. Bieb. ve C. azarolus var. azarolus L. taksonlarında daha iri bulunmuştur. Crataegus taksonlarının daha etkin değerlendirilmesi ile sürdürülebilir şekilde korunmasının mümkün olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Diabetus Mellituslu Bireylerin Tamamlayıcı ve Alternatif Tedavi Kullanma Durumları
Authors: GÜVEN Şefika Dilek
Published: May 2020

Amaç: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu araştırma Diabetus Mellitus (DM)’lu hastaların Tamamlayıcı Alternatif Tedavi (TAT) kullanma durumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma dahiliye polikliniğine başvuran DM’lu hastalarla yapıldı. Araştırma örneklemini 01 Ocak 2013-01 Şubat 2013 tarihleri arasında İç Anadolu Bölgesinde bir Devlet Hastanesi dahiliye polikliniğine başvuran 152 DM tanısı olan hasta oluşturdu. Verilerin toplanmasında anket formu kullanıldı. Veriler Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 paket programı ile sayı-yüzde ve ki-kare testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmada DM’lu hastaların %27.6’sının TAT kullandığı, %20.4’sinin kullandığı TAT yönteminin diyet desteği olduğu, % 78.5’inin kan şekeri ölçümlerinde kan şekerinin düştüğünü gözlemlediği, cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, eğitim durumu, doğum yeri, gelir durumu, meslek, ikamet yeri, aile tipi ve DM dışında kronik hastalık bulunma durumu ile TAT kullanma durumu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunmamıştır(p>0.05).
Sonuç: DM’lu hastalar TAT yöntemi kullanmaktadır. Hastaların TAT konusunda bilgilendirilmesi, sağlık personeline TAT yöntemleri konusunda hizmet içi eğitimler verilmesi, bunun yanı sıra kullanılan TAT yöntemlerinin kan glikoz düzeyi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla ileri araştırmalar yapılması önerilebilir.
Essential nuances of translation English proper names in the process of learning a foreign language
Authors: Pertsevaya Ekaterina A.
Published: May 2020

The research is relevant because it is related to the practical aspects of teaching a foreign language to non-linguistic. The change of the words meaning is one of the most common problems, since it requires not only the understanding of the semantic meaning of the word in the mother tongue but the language studied. The English language seems difficult to learn precisely because its lexical units have some similarities with the words of the Russian language, and as the result, are translated incorrectly. Particular attention is paid to the problem of translating lexical units, especially, [roper names, which are found largely in translated scientific and technical texts, reflecting the latest trends in the research: articles, monographs, manuals. The purpose of the study is to provide students with ready-made and effective versions of the correct methods for translating proper names from English into Russian. To do this, the article highlights the most frequently and successfully used options. All lexical units of this group are divided into three subgroups: proper names (including existing names and surnames), geographical names and company names. The most effective version of the translation into Russian the meaning of these words is the following translation techniques: search for existing equivalents, transcription and transliteration. In real practice, combination of these techniques in the target language is required and its full equivalence with the text in the original language. The practical application of the research results is possible when teaching various aspects of the English language to students of various specialties.
Organization of creative activities of students: aims, methodology, outcomes
Authors: Trischenko Dmitry A.
Published: May 2020

Creative activities of both students of Master’s and Bachelor’s degree programs refers increasingly to scientific creativeness although it is stated that training on Bachelor’s degree program is based on competence and practical-oriented approach carried out towards preparing professional workers required at the labor market rather than researchers. The government’s fostering actions promoting student creative contests are focused on identifying and supporting young talents primarily through all- Russian student Olympiads, which have recently been the most popular statesponsored form of competitions. Nevertheless, within the frames of the Russian educational system students’ creative contests are useful and productive not only to identify and support a limited amount of young talents but to improve the quality of training for much greater number of students. Therefore, the aim of this research is to substantiate that the forms of student creative contests would be more responsive to professional specifics of Bachelor training and perform an increasing range of functions: generating of enthusiasm for learning, developing competition skills and abilities to evaluate the competence level. Moreover, the governmental educational policies should be built upon previously established organizational forms of such contests. It is distinguished that the “Olympic movement” has definite drawbacks, which was evidently proved by the results of the Olympiad conducted for bachelor students of “Advertising and Public Relations” training area. Some all-Russian creative contests for students of media communications, design and adjacent specialties were briefly reviewed. The analysis of almost ten years of the author’s experience of creative activities organization of the students of “Advertising and Public Relations” training area studying at Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law allows to examine motivation, the forms of student association work, the outcomes of the student participation in various creative contests and to address such issues as the possibility of using contests’ outcomes as an assessment measure for a competence level. The author states the fairness of such evaluation approach. Additionally, the main and the supporting effects of the association’s activities are discovered and the basic methodological approaches to this form of student creativeness promotion are defined. The student creative association, which goal is to participate in all-Russian contests of professional skills is able to face a wide range of educational challenges. Furthermore, the logic of the practically-oriented approach suggests that the initiative in organization of creative contests should belong not to universities but to non-for-profit professional associations.
Coping behavior in diadic relations for partners with normative and disturbed development
Authors: Shipova Natalya S.
Published: May 2020

The study of the category of persons with impaired health is currently not sufficiently complete from a scientific point of view, but very significant from a social point of view. The article presents the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the coping behavior of individual and group subjects, namely dyads of partners of different health status: couples, including a partner with normative and impaired development; couples including both partners with developmental disabilities; couples consisting of normatively developing partners. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the system of coping efforts in the dyad of partners in close relationships. The presence of a disease in one or both partners in a dyad is understood by us as stress, moreover, chronic, since we consider the status of disability in adults. At the same time, stress has the characteristics of both external and internal. Following foreign scientists, we believe that the disease represents general stress and is accompanied by specific functions, since the focus is on the physical illness of one partner, which adds dynamics to dyadic stress and the process of overcoming. We made an attempt to systematize the situation of the joint efforts of partners in tandem with impaired health. An analysis was made of the severity of individual and dyadic coping strategies in pairs of different groups, and a picture was analyzed of the correlation of the studied parameters with aspects of the quality of life, adaptation and cohesion of dyads, as well as the presence of health problems. A regression analysis of the impact of disability status on the complex of indicators studied was carried out. Thus, the specificity of coping behavior in dyads with different health status of partners is highlighted.
Main qualities of test in language testing and assessment terminology systems in English, Russian and Spanish languages
Authors: Bondareva Ekaterina V. , Polshina Yulia A. , Sorokina Valeria A.
Published: May 2020

The existing demand for developing and unifying the terminology of language and assessment is precipitated both by the overall public interest in learning foreign languages, requiring a standardized system of evaluating the learning outcomes, and globalization and integration of educational institutions, as well as intensification of professional contacts among the experts of the field. English is one of the most popular foreign languages in the world, thus, many language testing terms are originally English as well, and later are borrowed by other languages. However, as it frequently happens with borrowings, modification and even distortion of the term meaning are expected, hindering the terminology standardization and even interfering with effective communication. This study is aimed at describing the changes in English terms of testing and assessment (namely, the ones referring to the properties of a test as a skill evaluation tool) after their transfer into Russian and Spanish. Translation and comparative analyses of seven English, Russian and Spanish terms, describing properties of a test, were used to reveal the discrepancies in their form and meaning. The study showed that original and borrowed terms display certain differences due to using various translation methods for their transition from the source language into a target one along with certain inconsistencies in their semantic structures and contextual usage. It is suggested that these discrepancies stem from insufficient knowledge of lan guage testing experts about the term meaning and usage, and such inconsistencies might complicate developing standardized tasks for language assessment. The issue deserves further indepth study.
Wooden alphabet sign language as a way to interact and teach children
Authors: Kaukina Olga V. , Lavrichenko Gelena A.
Published: May 2020

Today, inclusive education is being actively implemented in the process of teaching children with disabilities. One of the principles of inclusive education is the human right to communicate, the right to be unique, which reflect the ability to accelerate socialization through sign language. The paper deals with inclusive education in Europe and Russia. Definitions of inclusive education, sign language, and alphabet are given. A historical review of the education of children with hearing disabilities in different countries of Europe and Russia was conducted. This paper also highlights the results of studies in the field of inclusion, which were carried out by various scientific researchers and teachers. Based on the research of various scientists, the authors propose a model of the wooden sign alphabet as a visual didactic guide in the course of practical activities for better memorization of both the written and sign alphabet for children with disabilities. The goal of this project is to achieve a smooth transition from the study of sign language to the written alphabet.
Realization of Yanus Korchak ideas in the scientific works of students of pedagogical universities
Authors: Kochemasova Lyubov A.
Published: May 2020

The author addresses the pedagogical heritage of the outstanding humanist educator of the twentieth century - Janusz Korczak. The article attempts to comprehend the basic conceptual ideas of Janusz Korczak from the perspective of modern requirements for the methodology of new education by attracting students to independent scientific creativity. The pedagogy of Janusz Korczak and its methodology are characterized in the context of the popularization and continuity of the ideas of humanism in1 Lyubov A. Kochemasova, Cand. Ped. Sci., Associate Professor of Pedagogy and Sociology Department.modern education. The article presents the priority areas of the competition for the implementation of the ideas of the humanist pedagogue about the self-worth of childhood, which determined the importance of the child’s right to respect, the special attention is paid to the set of rights of the child, ensuring its full development, allowing students to reveal the main provisions of the pedagogical concept and the modern context of pedagogy of Janusz Korczak. The positions of leading scientific researchers (R.A. Valeeva, I.D. Demakova, M. Kaminsk, A. Levin, I. Neverli, M. Mikhalak, etc.) are examined which develop the ideas of the teacher, analyze the problems of the theory and practice of education in the pedagogical concept of Janusz Korczak. The practical significance of the research lies in the direction of its results in improving the scientific creativity of students through the implementation of the ideas of Janusz Korczak in the international competition of research and creative works of students "In the world of wise thoughts of domestic and foreign scientists and teachers." The practical significance of the research lies in the direction of its results in enhancing students ’scientific creativity by implementing the pedagogical ideas of Janusz Korczak in the international competition of students’ research and creative works “In the world of wise thoughts of domestic and foreign academic teachers”. The presented research results can be used in higher educational institutions of Russia to solve the problems of increasing the research activities of students by reading the new pedagogical heritage of Janusz Korczak. The article will be interesting to students of educational institutions of higher education (undergraduate, graduate level), representatives of higher education, graduate students
Comparative characteristics of doctoral education at universities of Russia and Belarus
Authors: Kushaeva Elmira R. , Kremneva Elena G.
Published: May 2020

Doctoral education in Russia and post-Soviet countries aims at training researchers for different spheres of national economies, including science, education, and industry. The paper presents comparative characteristics of doctoral education in Russia and Belarus, using the examples of two universities, Kazan National Research Technological University and Polotsk State University. The paper compares the forms and contents of doctoral education, the problems faced, and prospects of cooperation between the universities. In conclusion, the authors summarize similarities and differences in doctoral education, and their influence on the overall results of training. The authors show prospects to improve doctoral education as a whole.
Cognitive Features in Autistic Children without Intellectual Disability
Authors: Ivanova M.M. , Borodina L.G.
Published: May 2020

22 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and 26 neurotypic children from 7 to 10 years old took part in the study of cognitive features of autistic children without intellectual disabilities. Instruments aimed at studying of cognitive functions in primary school children and free form narrative used in the research. Found that in children with ASD, some cognitive features significantly more pronounced than in neurotypical peers: lack of targeting, diverseness of thinking with a distortion of the generalization process, concreteness of thinking. The scores obtained in children with ASD were mainly within the mean values, while in the group of neurotypic children, for the most part, they were within high values. Revealed that children with ASD more often than neurotypic peers demonstrate a combination of specific thinking and some features that considered as characteristic of a schizophrenic pathopsychological complex of symptoms.
Siyasal İletişim Kampanya Aracı Olarak Video İçerik Paylaşım Ağı YouTube: 23 Haziran 2019 İstanbul Yerel Seçimi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: DOĞU ÖZTÜRK İlknur , ZEYBEK Burcu
Published: May 2020

İnternet teknolojisinden yararlanılarak
gelişen ve yeni medya ortamında kullanımına başvurulan sosyal ağlar, geleneksel
medyadan farklı özellikleriyle siyasal aktörlerin dikkatini çekmeye başlamış ve
mesajların iletilebileceği araçlar olarak kampanya araçları arasına dahil
olmuştur. Sosyal ağlar, iletilerin, çok kısa sürede dolaşıma girmesini
sağlaması, eşik bekçisi gerektirmeden seçmene erişebilmesi, mesajlarının içerik
üretimine katkıda bulunan ve aynı zamanda da tüketici olan kitleler tarafından
tartışılarak yorumlanmasıyla katılıma olanak sağlamaktadır. Katılım ortamı
yaratan  ağlardan YouTube, Dünyada ve Türkiye’de en popüler video
paylaşım platformu olarak,  siyasal parti
liderleri ve üyeleri tarafından seçmen kitleye erişmek ve desteklerini kazanmak
amaçlarıyla kullanılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda araştırma, 23 Haziran 2019
tarihinde tekrarlanan İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanlığı seçim kampanyası
kapsamında Cumhur İttifakı’nın adayı Binali Yıldırım ile Millet İttifakı adayı
Ekrem İmamoğlu’nun YouTube sosyal ağını kullanım pratiklerinin nasıl
gerçekleştiğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, siyasal iletişim alanında Youtube sosyal ağının ilk kez
ele alınacak olması nedeniyle önem taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda, öncelikle iki
adayın Youtube kanalları takip edilmeye başlanmış, araştırma örneklemi olarak seçilen
İstanbul seçiminin Yüksek Seçim Kurulu (YSK) tarafından iptal edildiği 6 Mayıs
ile seçimin tekrarlandığı 23 Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında paylaşılan toplam
209 video incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, hem video paylaşım sayısı hem de
etkileşim durumu açısından İmamoğlu’nun Youtube platformunu Yıldırım’dan aktif
kullandığı; paylaşım türüne göre ise Ekrem İmamoğlu’nun en yoğun paylaşımının canlı yayın kategorisinde ve Binali Yıldırım’ın da basın toplantısı türünde
gerçekleştirdiği anlaşılmıştır. Bu bulgu, sosyal ağların geleneksel medyanın
tek yönlü kullanımına benzer kullanımı eğilimi olarak yorumlanmıştır. Siyasal
reklamcılık türünde paylaşımların analizi sonucundaysa, İmamoğlu’nun geleceğe ve
geçmişe yönelik icraatlar türünde reklamlarından daha aktif bir kullanım ortaya koyduğu ve öneri stratejisini benimsediği; Yıldırım’ın ise siyasal geçmişi ve
deneyimine dikkat çekecek biçimde geçmiş icraatlara yönelik reklamları tercih ettiği
ve ağırlıklı olarak imaj yaratma stratejisinden yararlandığı anlaşılmıştır.
Self-reported adherence to pharmacotherapy in cancer patients
Authors: Mir Shakeel Ahmad , Bhat Mehraj Ud-Din , Shakeel Danish
Published: May 2020

Background: Medication adherence is a challenging issue. Non-adherence has been found to be associated with increased healthcare costs. Pharmacological anticancer therapies are increasingly shifting to oral medications. Oral therapy is more convenient and easier to administer but various issues are related to oral anticancer therapy, the prominent one being adherence.Methods: Single group, non-randomized, self-report study conducted from December, 2019 to February, 2020 in SKIMS Hospital, Kashmir. A novel medication adherence scale, General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) was used to assess the adherence.Results: The study population consists of 58.7% males and 41.3% females. 54.7% patients were illiterate and 45.3% patients were literate. 13.3% patients received one drug, 14.7% two drugs, 40.0% three drugs, and 32.0% received more than three drugs. 13.3% patients had poor, 9.3% low, 42.7% partial, 12.0% good and 22.7% high adherence. In low income group, 6.7% patients had poor, 6.7% low, 13.3% partial, 26.7% good and 46.7% high adherence. Among middle income group, 10.0% patients had poor, 10.0% low, 53.3% partial, 10.0% good and 16.7% high adherence. In high income group, 20.0% patients had poor, 10.0% low, 46.7% partial, 6.7% good and 16.7% high adherence.Conclusions: Most of the cancer patients were partially adherent to the prescribed medication. Various associated factors were gender, socio-economic status, literacy, and place of residence. Considerable variation in adherence was found in this study.
Study and management of type-2 diabetes mellitus in patients with hypertension at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Yadav B. V. Nagarjuna , Tasleem Shaik , Basha Shaik Zaheer , Kumar Vanipenta Vinay , Harsha Vardhini Vedururu Sai
Published: May 2020

Background: This study was aimed to study and management of hypertension in diabetic patients.Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in 160 diabetic hypertensive patients admitted in general medicine wards at Andhra Pradesh Vaidya Vidhana Parishad Hospital, (APVVP), Proddatur. Patients who signed informed consent form were only included in the study. All the data were recorded from patients’ case files and analyzed.Results: Of enrolled 160 patients, 86 (53.75%) were female and 74 (46.25%) were male and maximum number of the patients 32.5% were found in the age group of 60-69 years. Out of 160 admitted patients, (51) patients treated with metformin, glibenclamide and atenolol, (18) patients treated with metformin, glimiperide, and amlodipine, (6) patients treated with metformin and amlodipine, (28) patients treated with metformin, glimiperide and atenolol, (19) patients treated with metformin and atenolol, (17) patients treated with metformin, glibenclamide and amlodipine,(9) patients treated with metformin, glibenclamide and losartan, (5) patients treated with metformin and losartan, (7) patients treated with metformin, glimiperide, and losartan.Conclusions: There was less awareness among the patients regarding the control of type-2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension. Majority of diabetic patients noticed with hypertension and β adrenergic blockers remained first choice of drug for hypertension in diabetes. Calcium channel blockers were also prescribed to many patients and were successful to achieve target blood pressure. Among anti-diabetic drugs, biguanides were most frequently prescribed class of drugs. Metformin was the most prescribed drug and Sulphonyl urea were the next most prescribed class of drug.
Analysis of completeness of information in package inserts of Indian and foreign multinational pharmaceutical companies: an Indian perspective
Authors: . Vikas , Gupta Mahesh Chander
Published: May 2020

Background: A package insert (PI) should contain all the information required for safe and effective use of the medicine. The present study evaluated and compared the completeness of information in package inserts of Indian and foreign multinational pharmaceutical companies based in India.Methods: A total 150 PI’s consisting of 75 package inserts of Indian and foreign multinational pharmaceutical companies in India were collected and analyzed based on the criteria of Indian drugs and cosmetics rules, 1945 under section 6.2, 6.3 of schedule D, which consists of 25 parameters. Each criteria was scored for presence of information as ‘1’, absence as ‘0’. Total score was 25, score >20 was graded as ‘A’, 10-20 as ‘B’ and <10 as ‘C’. Data was expressed as numbers and percentage.Results: Total 150 PI evaluated included antimicrobials, antipsychotics etc. Out of all the PIs 26% belonged to grade A, 70% belonged to grade B and 4% belonged to grade C. Lack of information was found in both the categories of PIs. Foreign PIs performed better in comparison to Indian PIs as in grade A, 27 out of 41 PIs were foreign whereas 56 PI’s in grade B were Indian and 47 were foreign. Both categories of PI showed good information about active ingredient, dosage form, warnings, contraindications and lacked information about retail price and references etc.Conclusions: Both categories of PIs were deficient in completeness of information. The pharmaceutical companies, both national and foreign, must provide the information as per regulatory norms.
A cross sectional knowledge attitude practice study on therapeutic drug monitoring among health care professionals in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rajaduraivelpandian Poovizhi Bharathi , Udaykumar Padmaja
Published: May 2020

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is used to optimize drug’s therapeutic effect. Aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of TDM in health care professionals.Methods: This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Questionnaires were distributed to 610 nursing staff and 20 lab technicians. Questionnaires had queries on demography, knowledge, attitude and practice. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to analyse the data.Results: Among nurses, 7% had good, 60.9% had   fair and 32.2% had poor knowledge of TDM. Among lab technicians 18.2% had good and 81.8% had fair knowledge on TDM. 79.3% of nurses and all lab technicians had favourable attitude towards TDM. Weak positive correlation is seen between knowledge and attitude among nurses. 15.9% of nurses have sent request for TDM on phenytoin, sodium valproate, carbamazepine, methotrexate, lithium, clozapine, risperidone, tigecycline, vancomycin, gentamicin, digoxin and amiodarone. 100% lab technicians have estimated levels of methotrexate and lithium drug sample during the last one year.Conclusions: Though knowledge on indication and pharmacological basis of TDM is lacking among participants, their knowledge on sample collection and sample type is good. They have a positive attitude towards TDM. Nurses have requested TDM for only 12 drugs. TDM of only two drugs was done by lab technicians. Future training should focus on pharmacological basis, selection of appropriate drug candidate and indication for TDM service. TDM service should be made available in all tertiary care institutions.
Utilization trends of drugs in patients admitted with ischemic heart disease in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Roy Ayan , Biswal Sashi Bhushan , Patel Nayan Kumar , Hota Prajit Saswat , Rath Bhabagrahi
Published: May 2020

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) takes the highest toll of lives across the world as well as India. Prompt diagnosis and effective treatment is lifesaving. Drug utilization studies scrutinize the appropriateness of treatment and provide favourable feedbacks to strengthen clinical practices. Several other studies have reported underuse of four evidence-based medicines namely aspirin, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and statins in patients with CAD. Polypharmacy, injection overuse is some of the shortcomings. The objectives of this study was to describe treatment practices in terms of different disease spectrum and drug utilization (group-wise and individually) for inpatients with CAD using core prescription indicators by WHO.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 4-month duration was undertaken for patients with CAD admitted to cardiology indoor of a tertiary care hospital. A total no of 143 prescriptions was screened and analyzed.Results: Males (67.13%) were more in number than females (32.87%). Age group from (57-66) topped in frequency (61.05%) ahead of (67 to 76) group (38.46%). Average no of drugs per patient were 8.056±1.97 and 5.86±0.14 for cardiovascular drugs. Prescription in generics (45.49%), antibiotics (0.61%), fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) (0.52%) and injectables (28.47%) were noted. The most common categories of CAD were ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (69.23%) followed by chronic stable angina (17.48%). Antiplatelets (100%), hypolipidemics (99.3%), antianginals (60.14%), β-blockers (37.06%) and ACE-I/ARBs (27.97%) were utilized. Drugs from the national list of essential medicines were 66.49%.Conclusions: Among four evidence-based drugs, use of β-blockers and ACE-I/ARBs were inappropriately low. Polypharmacy and overuse of Injectable drugs are noted.
A prospective study on antibiotic prescribing pattern among in-patients of medicine department of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: S. Anulakshmi , Yadavalli Annapurna
Published: May 2020

Background: Irrational prescription is a major contributor to the antimicrobial resistance. Tertiary care centres in a state are the centres of excellence where policies are framed. So, they have an important role in promoting rational antibiotic prescription.Methods: The study was conducted on in-patients of medicine ward in government medical college, Calicut, for a period of 2 months (January to February 2018), The data was collected from IP case records of patients. The parameters checked includes appropriateness of the antibiotic as, to whether it is according to our hospital antibiotic policy, whether de-escalation and change to oral drug was done, whether it is prescribed by generic name, is it given as fixed drug combination (FDC), is it from national list of essential medicine.Results: Among the 135-prescription analyzed, total 225 antibiotics were used. Cephalosporins (32%) were the most commonly used. Of this only 40% was given by generic prescription. 27% was FDCs. 55% was from national list of essential medicines and 69% of them were ‘WATCH’ drug according to WHO Antibiotic Policy. Regarding appropriateness of prescriptions around 56% included right drug, 93% had right dose and frequency, and 70% had right duration and 100% were given through right route.Conclusions: Strict adherence to hospital antibiotic policy and plan for effective teaching programs regarding antibiotic resistance and importance of rational prescription of antibiotics can improve the quality of antibiotic prescription and minimize antibiotic resistance.
Prospective study on the knowledge and practice of foot care among diabetic patients
Authors: Manjunath Meghana , T. Nandini
Published: May 2020

Background: The magnitude of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and the amputation rates due to DFUs are high in India. Proper diabetic foot care can minimize these rates. Although numerous such studies have been done, reinforcement of awareness to practice diabetic foot care is necessary to reduce the incidents of DFUs.Methods: 134 voluntary participants from SSMC, Tumkur and Karnataka Institute of Endocrinology and Research, Bangalore were included following ethical clearance. The patients were requested to fill the validated knowledge and practice questionnaire which were presented to them in their own language. Demographic details of the participants were also collected. The responses were recorded and statistically analyzed. A score of >70% was gauged as good, 50 to 70% as satisfactory and <50% as poor.Results: Of the 134 participants, 73.13% had good knowledge on foot care, 22.8% had good foot care practice and 73.13% had a satisfactory practice score. Patients with history of foot ulcer had a mean score (±SD) of 12.75 (±1.91) knowledge score and 47.75 (±6.05) practice score which is lower compared to those without history of ulcers, 13.86 (±2.37) and 55.40 (±6.88) respectively. Patients from urban and rural areas had about the same mean scores, 13.51 (±2.50), 54.98 (±6.83) and 13.30 (±2.60), 54.73 (±7.49) (knowledge, practice score) respectively.Conclusions: Foot care among diabetics is only satisfactory and has to be improved. Knowledge is the key to better practice so early diagnosis, repeated counselling, regular follow ups and good sugar control is necessary to reduce incidents of DFUs.
Drug utilization study of antipsychotics among schizophrenia patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Mogali Sahana M. , Kotinatot Basavaraj C.
Published: May 2020

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the drug utilization pattern of antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted over a period of one year. Demographic data and drug utilization pattern of antipsychotics was collected from the surveyed prescriptions. Using WHO prescribing indicators data was analysed. Results were expressed in percentage.Results: Out of 300 prescriptions analysed, males were 58% and females 42%. Majority of schizophrenia patients were in age group of 15 to 45 years 70.33%. Olanzapine 75% was most common antipsychotic drug prescribed followed by risperidone 10.7%. Haloperidol 9.6%, fluphenazine 3.7% and chlorpromazine 1% were the other antipsychotics prescribed. Atypical antipsychotics 85.7% were commonly prescribed than conventional ones 4.3%. Concomitant drugs prescribed were anticholinergics, antihistaminics, sedative-hypnotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antiulcer drugs and vitamin B complexes. Average number of drugs prescribed per prescription 3.26.Conclusions: Nowadays atypical antipsychotics are preferred over conventional ones because of their less side effects. Drug utilization study helps in rational usage of drugs important for patient care.
A comparison of efficacy and safety with add on therapy of pioglitazone in adult patients of psoriasis with and without metabolic syndrome
Authors: Gupta Mahesh Chander , Nayak Kartik , Aggarwal Kamal
Published: May 2020

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic disease involving skin with systemic manifestations whose etiology remains unknown. In recent times, an increased occurrence of metabolic syndrome has been seen in psoriatic patients and potential role of antihyperglycemic in such conditions is being evaluated.Methods: This was a prospective, controlled, randomized, open label comparative clinical study conducted on 51 psoriatic patients. The patients were divided into two groups with and without MS and both these groups were further randomised to receive either standard therapy alone (topical 0.05% betamethasone dipropionate applied twice daily) or therapy with pioglitazone 15 mg orally once daily as add on to standard treatment. The study was conducted over a period of 12 weeks and the primary efficacy outcome was assessed by a change in psoriasis area severity index (PASI). The secondary outcomes were achievement PASI 50/75 and change in parameters of metabolic syndrome (MS). Change in quality of life assessed using dermatological life quality index (DLQI). Results: Both the treatments significantly reduced the PASI score in psoriatic patients with and without MS, maximum being at 12 weeks. In patients with and without MS, pioglitazone caused a greater reduction in PASI score and DLQI score though it was found comparable to ST alone. Significant improvement in parameters of metabolic syndrome was observed in pioglitazone treated group.Conclusions: Pioglitazone given as add on therapy caused an additional improvement in clinical severity and QOL in both the group of psoriatic patients with and without metabolic syndrome. Role of pioglitazone needs to be further explored with higher recommended dose range (30 mg and 45 mg) to demonstrate the usefulness of this drug in psoriatic patients.
Study on drug utilization pattern and cost analysis among the psychiatric patients treated with various benzodiazepine derivatives
Authors: Govindasamy Dhivya , Ramanathan Gandhibabu , Siva Prasad Talari Venkata , Ganesan Gopalakrishnan
Published: May 2020

Background: The objective of the study was to assess drug utilization pattern and cost analysis among the psychiatric patients treated with various benzodiazepine derivatives.Methods: This observational study was conducted in department of psychiatric, RMMCH, Annamalai University. The study period was 6 months (November 2018 to April 2019). A total of 50 psychiatric patients were included.Results: A total 50 patients among them 64% (32) males and 36% (18) female, were included in the study. Most of the patient were between the age groups of 18-29 years (30%). The most common clinical condition treated with benzodiazepines were alcohol dependence syndrome/alcohol withdrawal syndrome/ alcohol related psychotic disorder (34%). The majority of patients were prescribed with clonazepam (66.67%). The defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 bed days of benzodiazepines were found to be 0.89. In this study the comparison of cost analysis for the drug used and it was found that lorazepam (122%) are most expensive followed by chlordiazepoxide (93.3%) and clonazepam (78.57%). The cheapest drug was nitrazepam (36.84%).Conclusions: The majority of the patient admitted in the psychiatric department were suffering from Alcohol depending syndrome/alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The most commonly prescribed benzodiazepine was clonazepam followed by lorazepam and least prescribed diazepam and nitrazepam based on defined daily dose concept.
Understanding and analysing competency based curriculum in pharmacology for developing syllabus and teaching schedules
Authors: Khilnani Gurudas , Khilnani Ajeet Kumar , Thaddanee Rekha
Published: May 2020

The competency based curriculum has already been implemented in phase-I (1st professional MBBS) and medical institutes, through curriculum committees, are gearing up for designing and developing curricular contents for phase-II training beginning from October, 2020. We have analysed curricular components as given in CBME documents with respect to distribution of contents and time allotted for cognitive and skill training and assessment. The objectives of this analysis are to understand distinctive features, identify elements required for organization of teaching sessions and facilitate preparation of teaching schedules. We segregated competencies according to corresponding system and domain of learning to distribute teaching hours. It was observed that 64 competencies in cognitive domain shall be covered in 80 hours assigned for lectures. The new curriculum has given importance to clinically relevant topics such as drug regulations, pharmaco-economics, pharmacology of eye and skin disorders, vaccines, national health programs (would require integration), environmental pollutants, food adulterants, stings and bites, and pharmacological considerations in geriatric and paediatric therapy. Ironically, antimicrobial agents and anti-fungals do not appear in the document as separate competencies. The 138 non-lecture hours can be divided into small group discussions (seminars) and  tutorials for 19 hours each and remaining 100 hours can be reserved for practicals (skill training). About 27% of time assigned for practical training shall be required for developing proficiency for certification in 4 competencies and 25 competencies in cognitive domain shall require integration.  Finally, steps are described to construct subject specific sessions giving one example each for a non-integrated and an integrated session.
Evaluation of lumbo-sacral epidural anaesthesia or analgesia with lidocaine-acepromazine combination in dogs undergoing cystotomy
Authors: Yakubu Abubakar S. , Ebenezer Abidoye O. , Abdulkareem Aisha A. , Adedokun David A. , Abubakar Adamu A. , Oviawe Ekaete I. , Abubakar Nura , Bodinga Hassan A.
Published: May 2020

Background: Epidural anaesthesia is one of the most frequently used regional anesthetic techniques recommended for surgical procedures caudal to the umbilicus in dogs. However, the use of lignocaine alone for epidural regional analgesia has been discovered to have shorter duration of analgesia and prolong onset of action, hence there is need to explore combinations of agents that will overcome this challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the anaesthetic/analgesic effect of cranial epidural anaesthesia in dogs undergoing cystotomy using Lignocaine in combination with acepromazine at the dose rates of 7 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg respectively.

Methods: Eight apparently healthy matured, male and female dogs were used for the experiment. The onset and duration of analgesia was determined. The pulse rates, respiratory rates, mean arterial blood pressure, rectal temperature, complete blood count and the oxygen saturation level were determined at baseline, intra operative and post-operative.  

Results: There were no significant differences in all the parameters measured before and after the epidural administration of the agents. The onset of anaesthesia was rapid and the duration of anaesthesia was sufficient enough for the procedure to be carried out. However, there was significant difference in PCV, Hb and total RBC count between the baseline and other timing intervals. There were no significant differences in leucocytic and cardiopulmonary parameters between the baseline and other timing intervals.

Conclusions: The epidural administration of lignocaine and acepromazine combination at the doses indicated can produced sufficient epidural anaesthesia with rapid onset for the purpose of cystotomy in dogs without major systemic influence on hemodynamic and cardiopulmonary changes.