bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NIE-based SME brand building in foreign markets: an exploratory study
Authors: Chung Jae-Eun , Jin Byoungho , Jeong So Won , Yang Heesoon
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the branding strategies of SMEs from NIEs, juxtaposing the different strategies used to specifically target developed and developing countries with regard to brand-building approach, type and number of brands and degree of standardization.

Design/methodology/approach

A case-study approach is used. In-depth interviews are conducted with 10 Korean consumer-goods SMEs exporting their own in-house brands.

Findings

Clear differences emerge between the strategies of SMEs entering developed countries and those entering developing countries, particularly regarding brand identity development, use of foreign sales subsidiaries and number and types of brands used. The authors find an interaction effect between product characteristics and host market levels of economic development, both of which influenced the degree of product standardization.

Originality/value

This study is the first attempt to uncover the branding strategies of NIE consumer-goods SMEs. The findings contribute to the field by extending our understanding of branding strategies used by consumer-goods SMEs from NIEs, thereby providing useful insight for other NIE enterprises when establishing branding strategies aimed at foreign markets.
A QoS-based approach for cloud-service matchmaking, selection and composition using the Semantic Web
Authors: Modi Kirit J. , Garg Sanjay
Published: March 2019

Purpose

Cloud computing provides a dynamic, heterogeneous and elastic environment by offering accessible ‘cloud services’ to end-users. The tasks involved in making cloud services available, such as matchmaking, selection and composition, are essential and closely related to each other. Integration of these tasks is critical for optimal composition and performance of the cloud service platform. More efficient solutions could be developed by considering cloud service tasks collectively, but the research and academic community have so far only considered these tasks individually. The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated QoS-based approach for cloud service matchmaking, selection and composition using the Semantic Web.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors propose a new approach using the Semantic Web and quality of service (QoS) model to perform cloud service matchmaking, selection and composition, to fulfil the requirements of an end user. In the Semantic Web, the authors develop cloud ontologies to provide semantic descriptions to the service provider and requester, so as to automate the cloud service tasks. This paper considers QoS parameters, such as availability, throughput, response time and cost, for quality assurance and enhanced user satisfaction.

Findings

This paper focus on the development of an integrated framework and approach for cloud service life cycle phases, such as discovery, selection and composition using QoS, to enhance user satisfaction and the Semantic Web, to achieve automation. To evaluate performance and usefulness, this paper uses a scenario based on a Healthcare Decision-Making System (HDMS). Results derived through the experiment prove that the proposed prototype performs well for the defined set of cloud-services tasks.

Originality/value

As a novel concept, our proposed integrated framework and approach for cloud service matchmaking, selection and composition based on the Semantic Web and QoS characterisitcs (availability, response time, throughput and cost), as part of the service level agreement (SLA) will help the end user to match, select and filter cloud services and integrate cloud-service providers into a multi-cloud environment.
Re‐visiting safe uncertainty: six perspectives for clinical practice and the assessment of risk
Authors: Mason Barry
Published: March 2019

This clinical paper brings together five of the author’s ideas since the original paper introducing the notion of safe uncertainty was published. Together with Cecchin’s (1987) use of curiosity these ideas are: a commitment to experimenting with difference; the taking of relational risks; a question related to family of origin scripts in coping with adversity; authoritative doubt; and the development of a culture of contribution. Clinical examples are given to aid practice and the assessment of risk.
Diagnostic dissonance and negotiations of biomedicalisation: mental health practitioners’ resistance to theDSMtechnology and diagnostic standardisation
Authors: Nelson Amber D.
Published: March 2019

Previous research demonstrates that biomedicalisation and diagnostic processes are intertwined in American mental health care, but few studies examine practitioners’ negotiations. This study examines how Mental Health Practitioners (MHPs) negotiate the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), diagnosis, standardisation and biomedicalisation‐in‐practice. Feminist grounded theory analysis of 42 semi‐structured interviews with licensed adolescentMHPs reveals accounts of discursive, everyday resistance to theDSMtechnology and standardisation, which I regard as key aspects of biomedicalisation. Findings demonstrateMHPs seemingly practice what I term diagnostic dissonance: a deep conflict between their professional theoretical orientations and the biomedical model legitimated in theDSMtechnology and insurers’ diagnostic standardisation.MHPs enact dissonance by undermining theDSM, working around standardisation and by coding the social. Coding the social refers to the employment of V‐codes – illegitimate secondary diagnoses – which convey social and relational conditions of mental distress.MHPs’ contestations of theDSMand standardisation are responses to a healthcare infrastructure that decontextualises mental health. Practitioner resistance to biomedicalisation‐in‐diagnosis is important because the biomedicalisation of mental health takes focus away from the social and relational conditions and solutions to individual and community health and illness.
On the body of the consumer: performance‐seeking with wearables and health and fitness apps
Authors: Hardey Mariann (Maz)
Published: March 2019

Contributing to critical digital health research and the sociology of health consumption, this study investigates the phenomenon of self‐tracking and interpretation of consumer data via wearable technology and mobile fitness software applications (apps). It critically analyses qualitative data collected from members of running communities in the UK who are heavy users of apps and wearables. The study seeks to understand the meaning and practise of long‐term use of apps and wearables targeted at consumers interested in tracking fitness, and the collection of personal health information over time. The paper offers an interpretative perspective on runners as performance‐seeking fitness consumers engaged in long‐term self‐management of health. These consumers are driven by a profound motivation to visualise and embody a long‐term state of fitness. Participants were also hyper‐aware of advertising and promotional methods used to engage consumers. The findings raise concerns about the validity of personal fitness data, and how its collection promises improved personal health while visually promoting sought‐after fit bodies. Further research is required to understand the transformative impact of fitness‐tracking and how individuals negotiate personal classifications of health.
Fog in the Gateway: Brownlie v Four Seasons Holdings Inc
Authors: Crampin Joseph
Published: March 2019

In Brownlie v Four Seasons Holdings Inc, the UK Supreme Court for the first time addressed the meaning of ‘damage’ in the gateway for jurisdiction in tort cases under paragraph 3.1(9)(a) of Practice Direction 6B of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998. The issue has proven controversial with a number of first instance decisions asserting an expansive jurisdiction in such cases, departing from the traditional approach. In the event the Court decided the case on other grounds, but the extensive discussion of the issue (on which the Court was divided 3‐2) illustrates the stark divergence of opinion on the proper scope of and approach to the English courts’ adjudicatory authority. This note criticises the views advanced by the majority for endorsing the more expansive interpretation on the grounds that it fails to take account of the legislative history and applies an incomplete conception of justice in justifying its position.
Justice, Legitimacy and the Authority of Legislation within the European Union
Authors: van den Brink Martijn
Published: March 2019

What are we to make of the authority of legislation within the EU? EU lawyers have questioned the significance of legislative decision‐making within the EU. This article challenges these views and argues that the EU legislature must enjoy adequate freedom to shape EU law with the general interest in mind. Institutional accounts that seek to curtail the authority of legislation tend to rest upon ‘content‐dependent’ conceptions of political legitimacy, according to which the legitimacy of a decision depends on its moral qualities. Such conceptions overlook reasonable disagreements on justice and rest upon an overly optimistic (pessimistic) view of the Court (the legislature). The article argues for a content‐independent conception of legitimacy, following which the benefits of legislative decision‐making are more easily understood. The authority of legislation deserves wider recognition among EU lawyers for reasons of political legitimacy and because the EU legislature is better positioned to decide in the general interest.
So Long, Farewell, Auf Wiedersehen, Adieu: Brexit and the Charter of Fundamental Rights
Authors: Barnard Catherine
Published: March 2019

The UK's relationship with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union can at best be described as strained, at worst, actively hostile. The Charter was, for the UK, an unwanted child, unloved at birth, grudgingly tolerated during life, and willingly surrendered at the death of the UK's membership of the EU. This article charts the UK's approach to the Charter from its inception to its demise in the EU (Withdrawal) Act 2018. It considers, in particular, the UK's so‐called opt out from the Charter in Protocol 30 and the confusion that has been generated as a result. It then argues that the Charter will have a legacy effect in the UK, primarily through the renaissance of the general principles of law.
REE Tetrad Effect as a Powerful Indicator of Formation Conditions of Karst Bauxites: A Case Study of the Shahindezh Deposit, NW Iran
Authors: ABEDINI Ali , REZAEI AZIZI Mansour , CALAGARI Ali Asghar
Published: March 2019

Study of the concentration of major, trace, and rare earth elements (REE) in the Shahindezh karst bauxite deposit, northwestern Iran clarifies the relationship of the tetrad effect with geochemical parameters in the bauxite ores. The existence of irregular curves in the chondrite‐normalized REE patterns as well as non‐CHARAC behavior of geochemically isovalent pairs (Y/Ho) are related to the tetrad effect. The meaningful positive correlation between the sizes of the calculated T3 tetrad effect and some geochemical factors such as Y/Ho, ΣREE, La/Y, (La/Yb)N, and (LREE/HREE)N as well as some major oxides‐based parameters like Al2O3 + LOI/SiO2 + Fe2O3, Al2O3/Fe2O3, Al2O3 + LOI, IOL, and SiO2 + Fe2O3 indicate that the studied bauxite horizon was likely deposited by different (acidic and/or alkalic) solutions at different stages. The lower part of the studied horizon with a thickness of ∼4.7 m displays alkali characteristics whereas the upper parts of the horizon with a thickness of ∼5.3 m are characterized by more acidic conditions. These results are fully supported by the co‐occurrence of convex‐concave tetrad effect curves in the chondrite‐normalized REE patterns. Therefore, the tetrad effect phenomenon used in this study has proved to be a good and reliable geochemical proxy to assess the conditions of the depositional environment in the Shahindezh bauxite ores.
Imaging‐Based Characterization of Perthite in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation Tight Sandstone of the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: DU Shuheng , SHI Guoxin , YUE Xinjian , KOU Gen , ZHOU Bo , SHI Yongmin
Published: March 2019

This work investigated the element distribution of perthite from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation tight sandstone in the Ordos Basin of northern China by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). FE‐SEM results indicate significant differences in the morphology of Na‐rich feldspar when K‐rich feldspar is the main component of the perthite. EDS results show that different types of perthite have clearly defined differences on different element indexes. Additionally, indexes such as average‐weight‐K (K‐rich)/Na (Na‐rich), maximum‐weight‐K (Na‐rich)/Na (Na‐rich) and average‐atomic‐K (K‐rich)/Na(Na‐rich) might be the most effective ones to identify perthite types. Perthite is divided into six main types, i.e., perthite with thick parallel stripe distribution, with thin parallel stripe distribution, with lumpy stripe distribution, with dendritic stripe distribution, with encircling stripe distribution, and with mixed stripe distribution.
Last Deglacial Soft–Sediment Deformation at Shawan on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and Implications for Deformation Processes and Seismic Magnitudes
Authors: ZHONG Ning , JIANG Hanchao , LI Haibing , XU Hongyan , SHI Wei , ZHANG Siqi , WEI Xiaotong
Published: March 2019

The eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is characterized by frequent earthquakes; however, research of paleo–earthquakes in the area has been limited, owing to the alpine topography and strong erosion. Detailed investigations of soft–sediment deformation (SSD) structures are valuable for understanding the trigger mechanisms, deformation processes, and the magnitudes of earthquakes that generate such structures, and help us to understand tectonic activity in the region. To assess tectonic activity during the late Quaternary, we studied a well–exposed sequence of Shawan lacustrine sediments, 7.0 m thick, near Lake Diexi in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. Deformation is recorded by both ductile structures (load casts, flame structures, pseudonodules, ball–and–pillow structures, and liquefied convolute structures) and brittle structures (liquefied breccia, and microfaults). Taking into account the geodynamic setting of the area and its known tectonic activity, these SSD structures can be interpreted in terms of seismic shocks. The types and forms of the structures, the maximum liquefaction distances, and the thicknesses of the horizons with SSD structures in the Shawan section indicate that they record six strong earthquakes of magnitude 6–7 and one with magnitude >7. A recent study showed that the Songpinggou fault is the seismogenic structure of the 1933 Ms7.5 Diexi earthquake. The Shawan section is located close to the junction of the Songpinggou and Minjiang faults, and records seven earthquakes with magnitudes of ∼7. We infer, therefore, that the SSD structures in the Shawan section document deglacial activity along the Songpinggou fault.
microRNA involvement in the regulation of survivin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Ebrahimiyan Hamidreza , Rezaei Nima , Vojdanian Mahdi , Aslani Saeed , Jamshidi Ahmadreza , Mahmoudi Mahdi
Published: March 2019

Aim

Impaired regulation of immune tolerance results in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Survivin is an anti‐apoptotic protein and can induce cellular mitosis. In the current study, we assessed the transcript level of total survivin (survivin‐TS) and its three major variants and evaluated the expression level of important micro RNAs (miRNAs) involved in survivin expression regulation in RA patients.

Method

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 50 healthy controls and 50 RA‐active patients. RNA extraction was performed and then single‐strand complementary DNA was synthesized. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression level of survivin‐TS and its variants with effective miRNAs in PBMCs.

Results

Overexpression of survivin‐2B (fold change = 1.57, P = 0.005), survivn‐ΔEx3 (fold change = 1.93, P = 0.009) and downregulation of survivin‐WT (fold change = 0.64, P = 0.0002) were found in PBMCs of patients, while messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of survivin‐TS had no significant difference between RA patients and controls. Expression levels of miR‐335‐5p, miR‐485‐5p, miR‐16‐5p, miR‐150‐5p, miR‐34a‐5p, and miR‐203a‐3p were significantly increased in PBMCs from patients compared with healthy controls. In a correlation study, dysregulation of these miRNAs were not correlated with mRNA expression level of survivin.

Conclusion

While survivin‐TS was not differently expressed in RA patients, its variants had altered expression. Although miRNAs were aberrantly expressed in PBMCs from RA subjects, they did not regulate survivin‐TS. miRNAs might be involved in RA pathogenesis, but not through controlling survivin.
Retracted: A multicentre randomised controlled trial of the effect of intra‐operative dexmedetomidine on cognitive decline after surgery
Authors: Cheng X.‐Q. , Mei B. , Zuo Y.‐M. , Wu H. , Peng X.‐H. , Zhao Q. , Liu X.‐S. , Gu E. ,   POCD Study Group
Published: March 2019

Peri‐operative dexmedetomidine can reduce rates of delirium immediately after surgery. We aimed to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine on cognition up to six postoperative months and its association with changes in serum concentrations of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor on the third and seventh postoperative days. We randomly allocated 535 patients aged 65 years or more undergoing scheduled gastro‐intestinal laparotomy to: intra‐operative dexmedetomidine, 0.5 μg.kg−1 bolus followed by 0.4 μg.kg−1.hr−1 infusion (n = 269), or placebo (n = 266). Dexmedetomidine reduced the rate of cognitive impairment: on the third postoperative day, 40/269 vs. 65/266, p = 0.006; on the seventh postoperative day, 31/269 vs. 49/266, p = 0.03 and at one postoperative month, 42/250 vs. 61/248, p = 0.04. Cognitive impairment at seven postoperative days was associated with changes in brain‐derived neurotrophic factor concentrations on the third and seventh postoperative days; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.63, p < 0.001 and 0.58, p = 0.016, respectively. Intra‐operative dexmedetomidine reduced cognitive decline up to one postoperative month in elderly patients undergoing scheduled laparotomy, which was associated with changes in serum brain‐derived neurotrophic factor.
Confidence intervals centred on bootstrap smoothed estimators
Authors: Kabaila Paul , Wijethunga Christeen
Published: March 2019

Bootstrap smoothed (bagged) parameter estimators have been proposed as an improvement on estimators found after preliminary data‐based model selection. A result of Efron in 2014 is a very convenient and widely applicable formula for a delta method approximation to the standard deviation of the bootstrap smoothed estimator. This approximation provides an easily computed guide to the accuracy of this estimator. In addition, Efron considered a confidence interval centred on the bootstrap smoothed estimator, with width proportional to the estimate of this approximation to the standard deviation. We evaluate this confidence interval in the scenario of two nested linear regression models, the full model and a simpler model, and a preliminary test of the null hypothesis that the simpler model is correct. We derive computationally convenient expressions for the ideal bootstrap smoothed estimator and the coverage probability and expected length of this confidence interval. In terms of coverage probability, this confidence interval outperforms the post‐model‐selection confidence interval with the same nominal coverage and based on the same preliminary test. We also compare the performance of the confidence interval centred on the bootstrap smoothed estimator, in terms of expected length, to the usual confidence interval, with the same minimum coverage probability, based on the full model.
Communicating Science Effectively: When an Optimised Video Communication Enhances Comprehension, Pleasantness, and People’s Interest in Knowing More About Scientific Findings
Authors: Putortì Eufemia S. , Sciara Simona , Larocca Norman U. , Crippa Massimo P. , Pantaleo Giuseppe
Published: March 2019

In two experiments (N = 160) we predicted and found that an optimised video science communication was more effective than either a press release science communication (Experiment 1) and a non‐optimised video science communication (Experiment 2) in promoting (a) a better comprehension of the communication, (b) a higher perceived pleasantness, and (c) a stronger manifest interest in learning more about its findings, as reflected in participants’ explicit requests to receive supplemental material on the communicated and analogous findings. The results were consistent across experiments. They were also not influenced by the content type of the communication. Implications for communication professionals and future research in the field of media, social influence, education, and applied social psychology are discussed.
Prenatal use of medications for gastroesophageal reflux disease and early childhood fracture risk
Authors: Wolfe Heather L. , Wolfe Jared A. , Ranjit Anju , Banaag Amanda , Pérez Koehlmoos Tracey , Witkop Catherine T.
Published: March 2019

Background

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common condition in pregnancy and is often managed with medications. Specific medications have been linked to osteoporosis and fragility fracture in older adults. This study assessed whether maternal use of antireflux medications is associated with early childhood fracture.

Methods

TRICARE beneficiaries during pregnancy were retrospectively identified using the Military Health System Data Repository and pharmacy data. Mother and infant data were linked; children with continuous enrollment for the first 5 years of life were included. Differences in the children’s fracture risk were analyzed through multivariate analysis, adjusting for region, rank, and military branch of service.

Results

A total of 378 150 patients comprised the final cohort with 3.3% (n = 12 479) prescribed antireflux medications during pregnancy. A significant decrease in fracture rate was found among children of women who were prescribed antireflux medications during pregnancy compared with those who were not (0.8% vs 1.2%, RR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.58‐0.85). There was no difference in fracture risk between histamine type 2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors. A significantly increased fracture incidence was seen in pregnancies with multiple gestations (RR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.04‐1.85). There was no identified difference in fracture risk for women with gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm or low birthweight, chronic hypertension, induction, or breech presentation when compared to women without these conditions.

Conclusions

We found no increase in early childhood fracture risk with maternal antireflux medication use. This suggests that prenatal exposure to antireflux medications does not affect fetal bones to a clinically significant extent.
Using automatic image processing to analyze visual artifacts created by students in scientific argumentation
Authors: Pei Bo , Xing Wanli , Lee Hee‐Sun
Published: March 2019

Science classes should support students' development of scientific argumentation. While previous studies have analyzed argumentative texts, they have overlooked the ways in which other types of representations, including images, affect the production of such texts. In addition, studies into the use of visual images in science education have offered mostly qualitative analyses. To fill these gaps in the research, this study used techniques of automated image processing to extract relevant information from student‐generated visual artifacts. Specifically, it used a series of image‐processing algorithms to automatically extract and quantify features of images created by students to serve as evidence in support of scientific arguments. Using various statistical analyses, we identified the relationships between the extracted features and the students' performance levels in constructing scientific arguments. The results revealed that the presence of water in a student's image correlated significantly with that student's claim and explanation scores and that the amount of water present in a student's image correlated significantly with that student's claim score, but not with their explanation score. These results indicate that automatic image processing can successfully identify image features that affect students' performance in scientific argumentation. Using this analysis as an example, we discuss implications for incorporating automated image processing into further research into scientific argumentation and the development of automated feedback.
The atypical RhoU/Wrch1 Rho GTPase controls cell proliferation and apoptosis in the gut epithelium
Authors: Slaymi Chaker , Vignal Emmanuel , Crès Gaëlle , Roux Pierre , Blangy Anne , Raynaud Peggy , Fort Philippe
Published: March 2019

Background

The mammalian gut epithelium displays among the highest rates of self‐renewal, with a turnover time of less than 5 days. Renewal involves concerted proliferation at the bottom of the crypt, migration and differentiation along the crypt‐villus axis and anoïkis/shedding in the luminal epithelium. Renewal is controlled by interplay between signalling pathways, among which canonical and non‐canonical Wnt signals play prominent roles. Overall 92% of colon tumours show increased canonical Wnt signalling resulting from mutations, established as major driver steps towards carcinogenesis.

Results

Here, we examined the physiological role of RhoU/Wrch1 in gut homeostasis. RhoU is an atypical Rho GTPase related to Cdc42/Rac1 and identified as a transcriptional target of non‐canonical Wnt signalling. We found that RHOU expression is reduced in human colorectal tumour samples. We show that RhoU is mainly expressed in the differentiated compartment of the gut epithelium. Rhou specific invalidation in the mouse gut elicits cell hyperplasia and is associated in the colon with a highly disorganized luminal epithelium. Hyperplasia affects all cell types in the small intestine and colon and has a higher impact on goblet cells. Hyperplasia is associated with a reduction of apoptosis and an increased proliferation. RhoU knockdown in human DLD‐1 colon cancer cells also elicits a higher growth index and reduces cell apoptosis. Last, loss of RhoU function in the mouse gut epithelium or in DLD‐1 cells increases RhoA activity and the level of phosphorylated Myosin Light Chain‐2, which may functionally link RhoU activity to apoptosis.

Conclusion

RhoU is mostly expressed in the differentiated compartment of the gut. It plays a role in homeostasis as its specific invalidation elicits hyperplasia of all cell types. This mainly results from a reduction of apoptosis, through actomyosin‐dependent mechanisms.

Significance

RhoU negatively controls cell growth in the intestinal epithelium. Since its expression is sensitive to non‐canonical Wnt signals and is reduced in colorectal tumours, downregulating RhoU may thus have an instrumental role in tumour progression.
The dangers of religious nationalism: Lessons from Srebrenica
Authors: Herzfeld Noreen
Published: March 2019

What are the consequences of the politicization of religious myths and symbols for religious communities? The ethnic cleansing that culminated in the massacre of Srebrenica was promoted to the Serbian population, both in Serbia proper and in Bosnia, through the use of religious mythology and symbols. In Bosnia, religious language lost its meaning, religious observance remained low and it became difficult for religious leaders to join together to address community issues. We see a similar use of religious language and symbolism today in the U.S., particularly from evangelical leaders justifying the current president and his jingoistic actions. We can look to the conflict in Bosnia as a warning to the U.S. not to link religion and nationalism.
Populism and religion: On the politics of fear
Authors: Palaver Wolfgang
Published: March 2019

Our societies of fear go along with an increase of populist movements in politics. This article explains the basics of populism and shows how easily it joins highly likely political friend‐enemy patterns. Anthropologically, we have to deal with parochial altruism undergirded by a static type of religion. A further step deals with the relationship between politics and fear by referring to terror management theory and its insight into the relationship between mortality and fear. The concluding part addresses ways out of fear and in what way a dynamic type of religion helps to avoid scapegoating and political enmity.
How public theologies can better address fascism, nationalism, and our impatience with God's reign
Authors: Larson Duane
Published: March 2019

This article considers the problems of fascism and nationalism today, particularly in the United States, and summarizes definitions of public theology that would be adequate to the current situation. Then three non‐theologians are consulted as resources for public theology: diplomat Madeleine Albright, philosopher Martha Nussbaum, and journalist Chris Hedges. I close with synthetic conclusions, including comment on the necessity of prayer, about the desired character of public theologies today.
How globalisation impacted Israel and India differently in the 1990s
Authors: Cohen Erez
Published: March 2019

In both Israel and India the globalisation process of the 1990s led to the development of advanced domestic industry. This article sketches the socioeconomic impact of this development in the two countries. The analysis suggests that the unique comparative advantage of each of these countries underlies the differences in the form of development and its social impact. Where the relative advantage consisted of innovativeness (Israel), globalisation led to development of an advanced industry focusing on research and development centres and local start‐up companies. In contrast, where the relative advantage consisted of low labour costs (India), globalisation resulted in the development of an advanced industrial sector focusing on manufacturing and service centres.
Efficacy of echocardiography during spontaneous breathing trial with low‐level pressure support for predicting weaning failure among medical critically ill patients
Authors: Tongyoo Surat , Thomrongpairoj Preecha , Permpikul Chairat
Published: March 2019

Background

Echocardiography was reported to be a good predictor of weaning failure when using T‐piece method, but information about its efficacy in a pressure support setting is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of echocardiography during spontaneous breathing trial with low‐level pressure support for predicting weaning failure among medical critically ill patients.

Methods

This prospective cohort study was conducted in adult respiratory failure patients that tolerated low pressure support weaning for 30 minutes. Echocardiogram was performed during pressure support ventilation before extubation. Weaning failure was defined as reintubation within 48 hours.

Results

Of the 52 included patients (mean age 65.9 ± 17.8 years), 14 experienced weaning failure. Severe pneumonia, metabolic acidosis, and septic shock were the leading causes of respiratory failure. Univariate analysis identified BMI > 24, peak A wave < 100 cm/s, E/Ea > 14, and inferior vena cava maximum diameter (IVCmax) > 17 mm as factors associated with reintubation. Multivariate analysis revealed E/Ea > 14 and IVCmax > 17 mm to be independent predictors of weaning failure.

Conclusion

Inferior vena cava maximum diameter > 17 and E/Ea ratio ≥ 14 independently predict weaning failure in patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function. This finding confirms that preload status of both ventricles plays a major role in weaning failure.
Clinical features and outcome of the patients with sinonasal tract diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in the pre‐rituximab and rituximab eras
Authors: Vähämurto Pauli , Mannisto Susanna , Pollari Marjukka , Karjalainen‐Lindsberg Marja‐Liisa , Mäkitie Antti A. , Leppä Sirpa
Published: March 2019

Purpose

Sinonasal tract diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (SNT‐DLBCL), a rare extranodal lymphoma, is not well characterized. We performed a population‐based study to determine cell‐of‐origin, clinical presentation and impact of rituximab (R) and central nervous system (CNS) directed chemotherapy on survival.

Patients and methods

Patients with SNT‐DLBCL were identified from pathology databases. Clinical information was collected and outcomes between different treatment modalities evaluated.

Results

Thirty‐two percent of the patients had germinal centre B‐cell phenotype. Forty‐six patients were treated with curative intent using CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) or CHOP‐like chemotherapy, 21 (46%) before and 25 (54%) in the R‐era. Additionally, 24 (52%) received CNS‐directed chemotherapy. Addition of R to chemotherapy reduced the risk of progression (RR = 0.368, 95% CI 0.138‐0.976, P = 0.045) and death (RR = 0.245, 95% CI 0.068‐0.883, P = 0.032), and translated into better survival (5‐year PFS, 67% vs 38%, P = 0.037; 5‐year OS, 81% vs 48%, P = 0.020). CNS‐directed chemotherapy reduced the risk of progression (RR = 0.404, 95% CI 0.159‐1.029, P = 0.057) and death (RR = 0.298, 95% CI 0.093‐0.950, P = 0.041), and translated into favorable survival (5‐year PFS, 67% vs 32%, P = 0.050; 5‐year OS 82% vs 43%, P = 0.030).

Conclusion

Patients with SNT‐DLBCL benefit from rituximab and CNS‐directed chemotherapy.
Systemic morphine administration causes gastric distention and hyperphagia in healthy horses
Authors: Tessier C. , Pitaud J.‐P. , Thorin C. , Touzot‐Jourde G.
Published: March 2019

Background

There are no data investigating the effect of systemic morphine on the size of the stomach or the food consumption in horses.

Objectives

To evaluate gastrointestinal side effects of morphine administered systemically in healthy horses by the means of clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations.

Study design

In vivo experiment.

Methods

On day 1 of the experiment, six healthy French Trotter mares were evaluated clinically and an abdominal ultrasonography was performed three times 4 h apart to record the size of the stomach, the number of contractions per minute of the duodenum, jejunum, caecum, left and right ventral colons. On Day 2, morphine was administered three times 4 h apart at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg i.v. and the same ultrasonographic examinations performed. On Day 3, only clinical and ultrasonographic examinations were performed as on Day 1. Amounts of hay and water ingested, frequency and weight of faeces were recorded throughout the study.

Results

Number of contractions of the duodenum, caecum, left and right ventral colons were significantly decreased after morphine administration. Size of the stomach was increased significantly with a cumulative effect of repeated doses of morphine. Hay (+0.4 kg/h, P<0.001) and water (+1.1 L/h, P<0.001) consumption were significantly increased.

Main limitations

The study was performed in healthy horses.

Conclusions

Systemic morphine administration causes gastrointestinal depression, gastric distention and hyperphagia in horses. Clinical and ultrasonographical examinations are valuable tools to identify side effects of morphine administration in horses. Further studies are needed to assess side effects and monitoring in clinically painful cases. Horses receiving systemic morphine administration should be closely monitored for signs of gastric distention and, specifically, the amount of food given while receiving treatment should be controlled to avoid complications.
AUDIT: AnomaloUs data Detection and Isolation approach for mobile healThcare systems
Authors: Ben Amor Lamia , Lahyani Imene , Jmaiel Mohamed
Published: March 2019

Mobile health care systems highly depend on collected physiological data through medical sensors to provide high‐quality care services. However, inaccurate physiological data from sensors pose a major challenge for health care providers when making decisions, whereas an erroneous decision can affect the user's life. We propose, in this paper, an anomalous data detection and isolation approach for mobile health care systems. Our approach, called AUDIT, detects inaccurate measurements in real time and distinguishes between faults or errors and health events. To do so, we propose reduced time and space complexities algorithms based on dimension reduction within the context of resource constraints. Furthermore, a decision algorithm is proposed while exploring the spatio‐temporal correlation between physiological attributes. First, we describe our approach. Then, we give its implementation details. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we show different experiments related to its detection performances and its time and space complexities.
TRANSLATING RELIGION: GERMAN WOMEN TRANSLATORS OF ROBERT BURNS'S ‘THE COTTER'S SATURDAY NIGHT’ IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Authors: Bodammer Eleoma
Published: March 2019

Translating Robert Burns's songs and ballads into German was a nineteenth‐century phenomenon; it is not widely known, however, that women translated Burns, as their work has received little critical attention. This article analyses Emilie von Berlepsch's (1802–4) and Emilie Fierlein's (1841) German translations of Burns's ‘The Cotter's Saturday Night’ (1785–6), and the original, in order to demonstrate that their personal religious sensitivities influenced their translation strategies in relation to the religious references in stanzas twelve – eighteen of Burns's poem. Furthermore, critics of ‘The Cotter's Saturday Night’ have overlooked the liturgical structure of the poem and also avoided examining its eschatological and apocalyptic themes, which were also problematic for the translators. The women translators were unwilling to allow Burns's image of God as avenging and wrathful, his patriarchs of the Old Testament as sinful and ruthless, and his apocalyptic references to John of Patmos's visions and the Book of Life to disrupt the rural idyll of the scene of family worship in the cottage. They made significant changes that emphasised the spiritual education of the heart and emotional worship, faith, prayer, and the theme of salvation.
‘DER TAG HÄNGT TOT ZWISCHEN HIMMEL UND ERDE’: ON THE THEME OF AMBIVALENCE IN ERNST BARLACH'S DER TOTE TAG
Authors: Crew Thomas
Published: March 2019

In keeping with a typical theme of Expressionism, Ernst Barlach's Der tote Tag centres on a generational conflict, in this case on that between mother and son. However, this conflict ultimately acts as a metaphor to express and explore existential issues. These issues do not merely apply to the son nor even to the condition of adolescence generally, but are universal in scope. Accordingly, I consider some of the key ideas of Carl Jung and Erich Neumann to articulate the archetypal dimensions of the play, whilst also making reference to Friedrich Nietzsche. I argue that the house in which the son grows up, the setting of the play, represents a form of labyrinth, in which the role of the Minotaur is played by the domineering mother. The fact that the son fails to leave the labyrinth, even when an exit presents itself, provides the stage for the discussion of ambivalence, which reveals itself as a fundamental part of the human constitution. The son finds himself torn between the safety and provision offered by the Mother, at the price of eternal immaturity, and the freedom and autonomy offered by the Father, with the attendant sense of risk, danger, and responsibility.
The effect of blood flow rate on dialysis recovery time in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: A prospective, parallel‐group, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Duggal Vishal , Hussein Wael F. , Reiterman Marc , Sun Sumi J. , Abra Graham E. , Schiller Brigitte
Published: March 2019

Introduction: A majority of patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on in‐center hemodialysis (HD) require several hours to recover from an HD session. Patients and caregivers identify fatigue as a high priority for improvement. However, evidence for practical interventions to improve recovery time from conventional in‐center HD is lacking. The effect of blood flow rate reduction on dialysis recovery time (DRT) is unknown.

Methods: Multicenter, single‐blinded, randomized, parallel‐design controlled trial of blood flow rate reduction vs. usual care. One‐hundred two patients with ESRD undergoing maintenance HD in 18 centers with baseline DRT of greater than 6 hours were included as subjects. The intervention was a blood flow rate reduction of 100 mL/min, to a minimum of 300 mL/min. The primary outcome was the between‐group difference in change in DRT. Secondary outcomes were changes in London Evaluation of Illness (LEVIL) survey responses from baseline.

Findings: Baseline median DRT was 720 (IQR 360–1013) minutes in controls and 720 (IQR 360–1106) minutes in the intervention group. DRT decreased in both groups. Mean change from baseline (95% confidence interval) at Week 4 in the study was −324 (−473, −175) minutes in the control group and −120 (−329, 90) minutes in the intervention group. The change from baseline was more profound in the control group (P = 0.05). Secondary outcomes of measures of quality of life reported on the LEVIL survey showed more improvement in patients’ feelings of general well‐being in the control group (P = 0.01). Differences between groups in pain, feeling washed out or drained, sleep quality, shortness of breath, and appetite were not statistically significant.

Discussion: Blood flow rate reduction did not improve DRT over usual care. Though more work needs to be done to address patient‐reported fatigue, a significant positive impact may not be achieved without substantial changes in dialysis prescription.
Enhanced bioaccessibility in vitro and bioavailability of Ginkgo biloba extract nanoparticles prepared by liquid anti‐solvent precipitation
Authors: Wang Lingling , Zhao Xiuhua , Yang Fengjian , Wu Weiwei , Liu Yanjie , Wang Li , Wang Lu , Wang Zijian
Published: March 2019

The ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) nanoparticles were successfully prepared by adopting the liquid anti‐solvent precipitation (LASP) method to enhance the antioxidant activity and oral bioavailability of GBE. Under the optimum preparation conditions, the particle size of GBE nanoparticles had reached 76.90 nm. Moreover, the antioxidant activity and intestinal transmittance of GBE nanoparticles were tested before and after the simulated in vitro digestion, which were both significantly higher than that of raw GBE. Significantly, the AUC(0→t) value of flavonoids and terpene lactones in GBE nanoparticles were 2.20 and 2.24 times of that in raw GBE, respectively. What cannot be ignored was that the residual amount of ethanol and n‐hexane meets the safety standards for food.
Downregulation of dystrophin expression in pupae of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci inhibits the emergence of adults
Authors: Bar L. , Czosnek H. , Sobol I. , Ghanim M. , Hariton Shalev A.
Published: March 2019

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a major pest to agriculture. Adults are able to fly for long distances and to colonize staple crops, herbs and ornamentals, and to vector viruses belonging to several important taxonomic groups. During their early development, whiteflies mature from eggs through several nymphal stages (instars I to IV) until adults emerge from pupae. We aim at reducing whitefly populations by inhibiting the emergence of adults from nymphs. Here we targeted dystrophin, a conserved protein essential for the development of the muscle system in humans, other animals and insects. We have exploited the fact that whitefly nymphs developing on tomato leaves feed from the plant phloem via their stylets. Thus, we delivered dystrophin‐silencing double‐stranded RNA to nymphs developing on leaves of tomato plantlets with their roots bathing in the silencing solution. Downregulation of dystrophin expression occurred mainly in pupae. Dystrophin silencing induced also the downregulation of the dystrophin‐associated protein genes actin and tropomyosin, and disrupted F‐actin. Most significantly, the treatment inhibited the emergence of adults from pupae, suggesting that targeting dystrophin may help to restrain whitefly populations. This study demonstrates for the first time the important role of dystrophin in the development of a major insect pest to agriculture.
“Not Fissures but Moments of Crises that Can Be Overcome”: Building a Relational Organizing Culture in Community Organizations and Trade Unions
Authors: Tapia Maite
Published: March 2019

Community organizations and trade unions rely to a certain extent on a committed membership to be effective. It can be difficult, however, to build solidarity when there are diverse members with competing interests and this can lead to internal conflicts. Based on participant observation and interviews, this article examines how membership organizations have been able to maintain an active grassroots base and overcome internal crises through the development of a relational organizing culture.
Community spread and late season increased incidence of oseltamivir‐resistant influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Norway 2016
Authors: Bragstad Karoline , Hungnes Olav , Litleskare Irene , Nyrerød Hans Christian , Dorenberg Dagny H. , Hauge Siri H.
Published: March 2019

Background

Antiviral resistance in Norwegian influenza viruses is rare. Only one A(H1N1)pdm09 virus from May 2015 had been found resistant to oseltamivir since the introduction of these viruses in 2009.

Objectives

Surveillance of antiviral resistance is part of the Norwegian surveillance system, to rapidly detect the development of antiviral‐resistant viruses and spread in the community. We describe the spread of oseltamivir‐resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in Norway in the 2016‐17 season, found as part of the routine surveillance.

Methods

Influenza H1N1 viruses were analysed for antiviral resistance by pyrosequencing, neuraminidase susceptibility assay and by Sanger sequencing of the HA and NA genes.

Results

During the 2015‐16 influenza season, 3% of all A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses screened for resistance in Norway were resistant to oseltamivir, possessing the H275Y substitution in the neuraminidase protein. In comparison, the overall frequency in Europe was 0.87%. Out of these, 37% (n = 10) were reported from Norway. Most cases in Norway were not related to antiviral treatment, and the cases were from several different locations of southern Norway. Genetic analysis revealed that resistant virus emerged independently on several occasions and that there was some spread of oseltamivir‐resistant influenza A(H1N1)6B.1 viruses in the community, characterised by a N370S substitution in the haemagglutinin and T48I in the neuraminidase.

Conclusions

Our findings emphasise the importance of antiviral resistance surveillance in the community, not only in immunocompromised patients or other patients undergoing antiviral treatment.