bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONDITIONS OF SKIN AND INTESTINE MICROBIOTES IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS
Authors: Yemchenko Ya.O. , Ishcheikin K.E. , Kaidashev I.P. , Morokhovets G.Yu.
Published: April 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic recurrent skin disease that affects about 2% of the world's population. Despite the fact that psoriasis is one of the most common immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases, its exact driving factor remains unclear. In recent years, numerous scientific studies have detected significant dysbacteriosis of the skin and intestines in patients with psoriasis. Recent advances have highlighted the crucial role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases as well as its impact on the efficacy of therapeutic agents. This literature review examines the microbiota of the skin and intestines and their role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In psoriasis-affected skin, a significant decrease in alpha-beta diversity of the microbiome was observed. Changes in the intestinal microbiome in psoriasis are similar to those observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Changes in the microbiome associated with psoriasis can induce an inflammatory response by activating the cytokines IL-23, IL-17 and IL-22, as well as modulating gamma-interferon and inhibiting the production of T-regulatory cells. This leads to the uncontrolled growth of keratinocytes. Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system are important for establishing and maintaining host homeostasis. Modification of the composition of the microbiota can lead to a shift in the activation of the immune system and eventually to the development of inflammatory diseases. Disorders in the regulation of skin microbiota may become a new therapeutic target in patients with psoriasis, and the restoration of symbiosis may increase the effectiveness of existing treatments. Thus, the human microbiota plays a key role in various aspects of the disease, from its pathogenesis to response to treatment.
Traumatic Spinal Injury among Patients with Spinal Injuries Admitted to the Spine Unit of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Paudel Krishna Prasad , Panta Sunil , Thapa Shrawan Kumar , Thapa Sushil
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Traumatic spinal injury is a major source of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The number of spinal injuries is growing annually but epidemiological and demographic features may be different in different regions. This study aims to find out the prevalence of traumatic spinal injury among patients with spinal injuries admitted to the spine unit of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study was done on a total of 102 traumatic spinal injury patients admitted to the spine unit of a tertiary care centre from 1st June, 2019 to 31st May, 2021 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 077/78-09). Demographic details, mode of injury, morphology, patterns of fractures, neurological level, and management methods in the hospital were recorded. Convenience sampling was done. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science version 24.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentages for binary data.
Results: Among 130 spinal injury patients, the prevalence of traumatic spinal injury was found to be 102 (78.46%) (71.39-85.53 at 95% Confidence Interval). The most common mode of spinal injury was due to falls in 80 (78.43%) cases.
Conclusions: The prevalence of traumatic spinal injury was higher when compared to the other studies done in similar settings.
Positive Bacterial Culture among Lower Respiratory Tract Specimens of Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khadka Shusila , Barakoti Achut , Adhikari Ram Prasad , Khanal Laxmi Kant , Sapkota Jyotshna
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infection accounts for a great burden of disease worldwide. The problem has further increased due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. This study was done to find out prevalence of positive bacterial culture among lower respiratory tract specimens of patients in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology in a tertiary care centre from May, 2021 to October, 2021. Ethical approval was received from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 045-077/078). A total of 635 specimens were collected by convenience sampling. The specimens were cultured as per standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2020) guidelines. Microsoft Excel was used for data entry and analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion.
Results: Among the 635 lower respiratory specimens, 112 (17.63%) (111.97 to 112.03 at 95% Confidence Interval) showed positive bacterial culture. Klebsiella pneumoniae 44 (37.93%) was the commonest isolate followed by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii complex 34 (29.31%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of positive bacterial culture among lower respiratory specimens was lower when compared to other studies done in similar settings.
Hypertension among Current Cigarette Smokers Visiting Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rai Chandra Kala , Kafle Rita , Makaju Sarbada
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Hypertension is a common physical condition with high blood pressure for a prolonged period. Long risk factors like age, overweight, high dietary salt intake, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and term hypertension might lead to various cardiovascular diseases. The normal blood pressure, systolic, is 90-119 mm Hg and diastolic 60-79 mm Hg. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of hypertension among current cigarette smokers patients in an outpatient department of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done on 385 outpatient department patients in a tertiary care centre from September, 2021 to February, 2022. The sample was collected by a convenience after approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 0505202105). Outpatient department patients who had past history of smoking cigarette>100 cigarettes and who is still smoking were included in the study. Data were analysed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Science software version 16.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data and mean and standard deviation for continuous data.
Results: Among 385 patients, 209 (54.28%) (47.64-60.92 at 95% Confidence Interval) were hypertensive patients. One hundred fifty-six (40.51%) males and 53 (13.76%) females were hypertensive.
Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension was higher when compared to other studies done in similar settings.
Епістемічні зобов’язання та епістемічний резерв
Authors: Козаченко Надія Павлівна
Published: April 2022

Епістемічні зобов’язання суб’єкта можуть бути змодельовані за допомогою так званої "незворотної ревізії" і епістемічного резерву.
Динамічний поворот в сучасній епістемічній логіці
Authors: Козаченко Надія Павлівна
Published: April 2022

Основною особливістю динамічного повороту в епістемічній логіці має бути постановка понять комунікації та інформування в центр логічного дослідження, а основною метою динамічної епістемічної логіки має бути розкриття принципів взаємодії суб'єктів комунікації та опис цих принципів в термінах знання, дії, навчання, помилкових вчинків та інших соціальних дій. Відтак, епістемічна логіка має одночасно вивчати всі основні види інформування: умовиводи, спостереження та комунікацію, а також форми їх взаємозв'язку, що проявляються при плануванні, обговоренні та прийнятті рішень.
Интеллект без сознания
Authors: Козаченко Надія Павлівна
Published: April 2022

Интеллект, как инструмент оперирования с информацией, отличается от сознания, которое воспринимает и осознает свои действия. Более того, именно такой «бессознательный» интеллект и будет максимально приближенным к сильной модели ИИ. Но при этом, его возникновение и внедрение порождает массу вопросов.
Творча активність майбутніх учителів як важливий показник їх професіоналізму
Authors: Білоус О. С.
Published: April 2022

У статті розглядається проблема формування творчої активності майбутніх вчителів як показника їх професіоналізму у процесі навчання предметам музичного циклу, розкривається сутність поняття творча активність і зміст творчих завдань у ході формуючого експерименту, показана позитивна динаміка рівня творчої активності сполучена з виявленням потреби студентів в особистісно-професійному зростанні В статье рассматривается проблема формирования творческой активности будущих учителей как показателя их профессионализма в процессе обучения предметам музыкального цикла, раскрывается сущность понятия творческая активность и содержание творческих заданий в ходе формирующего эксперимента, показана позитивная динамика уровня творческой активности сочетающаяся с выявлением потребности студентов в личностно-профессиональном росте.
Формування креативності вчителя музики
Authors: Білоус О. С.
Published: April 2022

У статті розглядається проблема формування креативності вчителя музики засобом особистісної спрямованості занять у вищій школі як одного з чинників його професійно-творчої самореалізації.
Креативність як показник готовності майбутніх учителів до професійної діяльності
Authors: Білоус О. С.
Published: April 2022

У статті розглядається проблема формування креативності вчителя музики засобом особистісної спрямованості занять у вищій школі як одного з чинників його професійно-творчої самореалізації.
Професійна компетентність майбутнього вчителя як основа його професійної діяльності
Authors: Білоус О. С.
Published: April 2022

У статті розглядаються різні підходи до визначення поняття "професійна компетентність", ознаки компетентного педагога та ключові компоненти професійної компетентності.
Імідж педагога як основа його професійної діяльності
Authors: Білоус О. С.
Published: April 2022

В статті розглядається проблема формування іміджу педагога ВУЗу як однієї з основ його професійної діяльності. Розкриваються структурні компоненти іміджу педагога, його основні складові та роль іміджевого впливу на студентів.
Формування професіоналізму майбутніх педагогів у сучасному освітньому середовищі
Authors: Білоус О. С.
Published: April 2022

В статті розглядається проблема формування професіоналізму педагога ВНЗу як однієї з основ його професійної діяльності.
Педагогічний менеджмент як наука управління навчальними закладами
Authors: Білоус О. С.
Published: April 2022

В статті розглядається проблема використання педагогічного менеджменту як науки управління навчальними закладами, розкривається поняття «педагогічний менеджмент», його принципи, закономірності та основні функції. Обґрунтовуються теоретико-методологічні основи функціонування та підвищення ефективності управління вищими навчальними закладами України в сучасних умовах.
Технологічний підхід до формування готовності вчителя до інноваційної діяльності
Authors: Волощук І. А.
Published: April 2022

У статті розкривається сутність технологічного підходу та його можливості в формуванні готовності вчителя до інноваційної діяльності.
Методичні рекомендації щодо проведення педагогічної практики студентів IV-V курсів
Authors: Кондрашова Л. В. , Білоус О. С. , Бешевець Л. В.
Published: April 2022

В системі професійної підготовки вчительських кадрів важлива роль належить педагогічній практиці. Вона поєднує теоретичні знання майбутніх вчителів з їх роботою в навчально-виховному закладі, озброює студентів первинним досвідом педагогічної діяльності.
Формування дидактичної культури майбутнього викладача вищої школи
Authors: Білоус О. С.
Published: April 2022

В статті розглядається проблема формування дидактичної культури майбутніх викладачів. Визначено сутність дидактичної культури майбутнього викладача як компонента професійно-педагогічної культури, її зміст і структуру.
Організація креативної діяльності студентів у процесі навчання в педагогічному університеті
Authors: Білоус О. С.
Published: April 2022

У статті науково обґрунтовано організацію креативної діяльності студентів у процесі їх навчання у вищій школі. Мета статті – показати, що позитивна динаміка організації креативної діяльності студентів у процесі навчання в педагогічному університеті сполучена з виявленням потреби в особистісно-професійному зростанні, нестандартному виконанні навчальних завдань, стійкому інтересі студентів до саморозвитку, самовдосконалення й професійного самоствердження. Автор подає теоретичний аналіз, виокремлює основні характеристики креативності. За результатами аналізу представлено мотиви дій, що спонукають особистість до креативної діяльності задля необхідності реалізувати своє «Я». Розроблено систему креативних завдань, що забезпечують реалізацію креативної діяльності студентів вищої школи.
Ділова гра як метод інтенсифікації навчальної діяльності
Authors: Білоус О. С. , Ізмайлова К. В.
Published: April 2022

Представлено сутність, принципи, мету і завдання ділової гри. Обґрунтовано використання ігрових методів навчання як одного із сучасних методів активізації навчальної роботи студентів, підвищення ступеня засвоєння матеріалу, інтенсифікації всього навчального процесу.
FORMATION OF MECHANISM OF MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF HOTEL ECONOMY
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, ILNITSKA-GYKAVCHUK GALINA
Published: April 2022

Successful operation of the enterprise is practically impossible without innovations that allow to attract new consumers, improve product quality, competitiveness. The article considers the essence and main types of innovations in the hotel industry. Prerequisites for the introduction of innovations in the hospitality industry are: increasing competition; increasing consumer requirements; growing demand for goods and services; the desire of enterprises to increase market share, attract new customers, improve the image, technological processes of providing services, reduce costs and more. Obstacles to the introduction of innovations are identified: high cost of investment, lack of financial resources, unwillingness of management staff to innovate, high risk, lack of experience. Organizational and economic mechanism of management of innovative activity of hotel industry is a system of principles, functions, methods, tools, strategies, and also normative-legal maintenance which purpose is effective carrying out of innovative policy of the enterprise for improvement of its competitiveness in the market and quality of services. The structure of this mechanism is revealed. The principles of innovation management in the hotel industry are defined: assessment of innovation efficiency, continuity, complexity, sustainability, security, system, compliance with the needs of stakeholders. Methods of innovation management are given: economic incentives, socio-psychological and organizational-legal. The following instruments are defined: laws, regulations, loans, taxes, tax benefits, state and regional programs, plans, financing, rent, franchising and others. Each company chooses its innovation strategy depending on its capabilities. Innovative strategies of hotel management are revealed.
REFLECTION OF THE BANK’S CREDIT ACTIVITIES IN ACCOUNTING
Authors: Klymenko Kateryna , Belozertsev VASYL , Kharakoz LILIYA ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
Published: April 2022

In the conditions of market economy development the money and money capital markets, the main subjects of which are banks, are of particular importance. First of all, credit institutions are intermediaries in the implementation of settlements between economic entities of market relations. In this regard, the organization of an effective system of accounting for credit activities is one of the urgent tasks of any banking institution, the quality of the solution of which significantly depends on the successful operation of the bank. The article identifies the theoretical features of the reflection of the bank’s lending activities in accounting, analyzes the modern methodology of accounting for credit operations of the bank. An economic and legal analysis of the regulatory framework for lending to a banking institution was conducted. The principles of reflecting the main credit operations of the bank are studied. The organization of effective reflection of the bank’s credit activity, first of all, depends on the principles used by the banking institution in accounting. In particular, such as: prudence, accounting stability, transaction dates, division of reporting periods, valuation of assets and liabilities, separate reflection of assets and liabilities. Accounting for credit activities of the bank refers to the accounting of interest and commission income; accounting for the face value of the loan and changes in the principal amount of debt. Paying attention to the current state of accounting for credit operations, society will require much more information about their activities to restore confidence in banking institutions. This can be achieved through the developed recommendations for improving the method of accounting for credit activities of banks, namely: the introduction of methods for accounting for deferred debt on credit operations, indicating in the Chart of Accounts of banks of Ukraine accounts for deferred debt depending on the date of its occurrence.
IMPROVEMENT OF CORPORATE PLANNING PROCESS IN CURRENT CONDITIONS
Authors:   Rauf Ablyazov East European University, PANASENKO Larisa
Published: April 2022

The theoretical views of Ukrainian scholars on corporate planning and one of the key concepts – the planning process – are considered in the article. The necessity of planning for the enterprise in modern crisis conditions is substantiated. Despite the large number of publications on corporate planning, the concept of “planning process” is not fully defined by Ukrainian scholars. It does not have a clear structure and lacks clear sequence of stages. Interpretation of the concept of corporate planning is not adapted to modern crisis conditions. When applying the “planning process” the potential of economic and mathematical methods and possible automation is not realized. Views on the planning process and their shortcomings are highlighted, and on their basis, the definition of the corporate planning process is formed. The definition of the corporate planning process is adjusted taking into account the functional approach to enterprise management. The stages of the enterprise planning process are highlighted. It is proposed to apply economic and mathematical methods at the last stage, namely linear regression. It is recommended to select the factors that affect the planning of enterprise profits and accordingly calculate the value of their regression. Thus, the factors whose parameters have the greatest value of regression can be used in the implementation of planned tasks of the enterprise to ensure the company’s profit. Selection of factors and calculation of the value of their regression can significantly improve the planning process and allow design an algorithm for specialized software.
MEASURES TO PROMOTE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE EPIDEMIC RISKS CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Teodorovych Larysa
Published: April 2022

Currently, in Ukraine there is significant change in the rate of implementation of the measures to support the tourism sector that jeopardize the competitiveness of the industry in the global market. The problems and the possible measures for tourism in Ukraine in conditions of an epidemic risks were revealed in the article. In particular, it is emphasized, now, during the stagnation of the area, the sphere of tourism in Ukraine is better than in most countries, because the international and domestic travel significantly exceed incoming flows. The tourism-related economy in Ukraine depends largely on domestic tourism, as well as the domestic component of inbound tourism. Except for the coronavirus pandemic there are a number of inhibitory factors of the development of tourism in Ukraine, including: lack of adequate support from public authorities; ineffective management and outdated legal framework; lack of proper infrastructure; illegal activity of subjects of tourist activity of the branch (in particular, activity without licenses of certificates); poor quality of road surface; pollution of recreational areas, etc. Support for the development of tourism in Ukraine at both central and local levels should be in cooperation with the specialists of the tourism business, taking into account the risks and preferences of tourists. Depending on how the world events related to the COVID-19 pandemic develop, following the recommendations developed by the UNWTO Crisis Committee, it is necessary to gradually implement the measures set out in the document “Roadmap for Competitive Tourism Development in Ukraine”, as well as to implement monitoring and adapting accordingly to possible changes in world tourism. This will restart the tourism industry, reduce the negative effects of the coronary pandemic crisis, as well as create a basis for increasing the competitiveness of Ukraine in the international tourism market.
Women Participation and Empowerment in the Cooperative Organisations in South Africa
Authors: Mahlaba S.N , Ige K. D. , Tshabalala N. G.
Published: April 2022

Abstract Development agencies, non-government organisations (NGOs), and government organisations around the world aim to advance women in all spheres of their lives. Cooperatives have been recognised as an imperative mechanism to increase capital initiatives and development within disadvantaged communities. This study examined the role of cooperatives in empowering women to throw some light on how active participation and membership in cooperatives can empower women to improve their skills, social needs, and ambitions to eliminate poverty and create jobs. Survey research was employed in the study. One hundred and ten (110) members responded to a questionnaire to decipher respondents’ perceptions of the level of participation, empowerment, capacitation and perceived benefits. The findings of the study demonstrated that capacitation, empowerment and participation influence change on the benefits of membership in a cooperative as they provide an affirmative impact on development and individual growth. However, the study also revealed that women lack skills and training, sound management, and continuous government support. The study, therefore, recommended continual support from the government and the private sector by providing financial support, training and workshops for women in cooperatives to empower themselves and contribute considerably to job development and poverty reduction in local and regional areas.
Girls’ Rights to Education in Chadereka Muzarabani District, Zimbabwe: A perspective on Sustainable Development Goal Number 5
Authors: Kasimba R. , Nyoni P.
Published: April 2022

Abstract The study unearthed embedded factors that hinder Muzarabani District from achieving gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls by 2030. Main research focus is how far has Zimbabwe’s rural areas such as the Chadereka community achieved gender equality and empowerment of women and girls with respect to the 2030 target. The research further explores reasons why there is a high number of girls of school-going age outside the school system. A human rights-based approach guided the study’s arguments. The research utilised a case study design while a thematic analysis was used for data analysis. A qualitative methodology was employed while key informant interviews, focus group discussions and observations were used to collect data with purposive sampling being adopted in the selection of respondents. A total of 20 participants were chosen and they included; three men (a villager, a chief and a village head); five girls; five women; two officials from the DA’s office who consisted of the DA and an official dealing with women, children and disability, and development; two officials from local NGOs, a school head and two female teachers. The study found that women in Chadereka were still in a perpetual state of domination by their male counterparts due to persistent gender stereotypes, school setting related challenges and climatic variances that impacted on the education and ultimate emancipation of the girl child.
The dangerous coexistence of type 1 diabetes and eating disorders: a call for action
Authors: Dalle Grave Riccardo
Published: April 2022

Eating disorders are more common among adolescents with type 1 diabetes than in the general peer-group population. This coexistence is often associated with poor glycaemic control and an increased risk of developing severe medical complications. In turn, type 1 diabetes may contribute to the maintenance of eating-disorder psychopathology, and in some cases hinder its treatment. Unfortunately, eating disorders are often not detected by health professionals involved in the management of type 1 diabetes, with negative repercussions on the outcomes of the respective conditions. The increase in the incidence of eating disorders among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, likely also in people with type 1 diabetes, highlights the need to allocate resources for training health professionals involved in the management of type 1 diabetes to detect the early signs of eating disorders with the help of new, specific screening tools. It is also necessary to improve the rapid referral of patients to clinical services that implement the evidence-based treatments recommended for eating disorders, which must work in close contact with the diabetes team. Finally, future research should focus on better identifying the factors that increase the risk of eating disorders in people with type 1 diabetes to prevent the onset of this dangerous, and often undetected, comorbidity.
Use of Cognitive Testing, Questionnaires, and Plasma Biomarkers to Quantify Cognitive Impairment in an Aging Pet Dog Population
Authors: Fefer Gilad , Panek Wojciech K. , Khan Michael Z. , Singer Matthew , Westermeyer Hans D. , Mowat Freya M. , Murdoch David M. , Case Beth , Olby Natasha J. , Gruen Margaret E.
Published: April 2022

Background: Aging dogs may suffer from canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS), a condition in which cognitive decline is associated with amyloid pathology and cortical atrophy. Presumptive diagnosis is made through physical examination, exclusion of systemic/metabolic conditions, and completion of screening questionnaires by owners. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether cognitive function could be quantified in aging pet dogs, and to correlate cognitive testing with validated questionnaires and plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) concentration. Methods: Thirty-nine dogs from fifteen breeds were recruited (9.3 to 15.3 years). Owners completed the Canine Dementia Scale (CADES) and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating scale (CCDR). Executive control and social cues were tested, and pNfL was measured with single molecule array assay. Comparisons were made between cognitive testing scores, CADES, CCDR scores, and pNfL. Results: CADES scoring classified five dogs as severe CCDS, six as moderate, ten as mild, and eighteen as normal. CCDR identified seven dogs at risk of CCDS and thirty-two as normal. Cognitive testing was possible in the majority of dogs, although severely affected dogs were unable to learn tasks. CADES score correlated with sustained attention duration (r = –0.47, p = 0.002), inhibitory control (r = –0.51, p = 0.002), detour (r = –0.43, p = 0.001), and pNfL (r = 0.41, p = 0.025). Concentration of pNfL correlated with inhibitory control (r = –0.7, p≤0.001). The CCDR scale correlated with performance on inhibitory control (r = –0.46, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a multi-dimensional approach using a combination of questionnaires, specific cognitive tests, and pNfL concentration can be used to quantify cognitive decline in aging pet dogs.
Appropriateness of Applying Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Cutoffs from Alzheimer’s Disease to Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Weinshel Sarah , Irwin David J. , Zhang Panpan , Weintraub Daniel , Shaw Leslie M. , Siderowf Andrew , Xie Sharon X.
Published: April 2022

Background: While cutoffs for abnormal levels of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ142), total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and the ratios of t-tau/Aβ142 and p-tau/Aβ142, have been established in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), biologically relevant cutoffs have not been studied extensively in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: Assess the suitability and diagnostic accuracy of established AD-derived CSF biomarker cutoffs in the PD population. Methods: Baseline and longitudinal data on CSF biomarkers, cognitive diagnoses, and PET amyloid imaging in 423 newly diagnosed patients with PD from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort were used to evaluate established AD biomarker cutoffs compared with optimal cutoffs derived from the PPMI cohort. Results: Using PET amyloid imaging as the gold standard for AD pathology, the optimal cutoff of Aβ142 was higher than the AD cutoff, the optimal cutoffs of t-tau/Aβ142 and p-tau/Aβ142 were lower than the AD cutoffs, and their confidence intervals (CIs) did not overlap with the AD cutoffs. Optimal cutoffs for t-tau and p-tau to predict cognitive impairment were significantly lower than the AD cutoffs, and their CIs did not overlap with the AD cutoffs. Conclusion: Optimal cutoffs for the PPMI cohort for Aβ142, t-tau/Aβ142, and p-tau/Aβ142 to predict amyloid-PET positivity and for t-tau and p-tau to predict cognitive impairment differ significantly from cutoffs derived from AD populations. The presence of additional pathologies such as alpha-synuclein in PD may lead to disease-specific CSF biomarker characteristics.
Greenhouse gas emissions in the food system: Current and alternative dietary scenarios
Authors: Bayram Hatice Merve , Ozturkcan S. Arda
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: There is a growing interest in diets due to the high contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to estimate the impact on GHGE of replacing the current diet with eight alternative diets, which would be associated with GHGE, to contribute to the discussion of how dietary changes affect the GHGE. METHODS: The latest National Nutrition and Health Survey was utilized to determine the nutrient composition of Turkey’s current diet, with eight dietary scenarios designed to meet the National Dietary Guidelines. RESULTS: The current diet had the highest GHGE with 3254.50 g CO2eq/person/day with beef, lamb, and cheese products accounting for the majority of emissions (18.61%, 17.15%, and 10.89%, respectively). The Model diet had a GHGE of 2994.18 g CO2eq/person/day, whereas vegetarian diets had the lowest (lacto-ovo vegetarian diet with 1944.95 g CO2eq/person/day and vegan diet with 1166.80 g CO2eq/person/day). Low energy efficiencies were associated with high diet-related GHGE levels. CONCLUSION: When evaluating future dietary guidelines for a sustainable diet, our study highlighted the need of integrating both health and environmental aspects. The present study found that dietary changes would significantly contribute to lowering GHGE. These findings will be beneficial in informing Turkey’s nutrition, agriculture, and public policymakers.
How to fund official statistics production to support statistical principles and ethics
Authors: Georgiou Andreas V
Published: April 2022

The amount together with the modalities of provision of funds and other resources to statistical offices create opportunities for pressure on statistical principles and ethics via various means of interference in official statistics and via the development of self-censorship. A shorter time distance between the provision of funds and statistical production leads to more risks for ethics. So does a shorter distance in terms of political involvement in the use of funds in statistical production. We make a proposal for a multiannual statistics office budget to be adopted by the legislature, with its implementation lagged by more years than in an electoral cycle, and for setting up a trust fund fed by predetermined transfers from the government and by a prespecified share of a tax. An annual lump sum allocation would be made from the trust fund to the statistics office by a law-provided committee of representatives of users reflecting official statistics’ global public good nature. Full financial autonomy would be given to the statistics office to use the resources provided. A set of additional specific conditions are discussed that ought to be provided for in national law to supplement and support the implementation of this proposal, including for safeguarding good financial management, efficiency and accountability in the use of resources.
The non-explicit observational method is reproducible and valid in the analysis of occupational biomechanical exposure of workers
Authors: Valentim Daniela Pereira , Freitas Carvalho Nathalia Nascimento , Lopes de Carvalho Talita , Paula de Souza Leticia , Padula Rosimeire Simprini
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: An analysis of workers’ exposure to biomechanical risk factors in the workplace with a high methodological quality allows for stronger evidence of the relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the measurement properties of non-explicit observational methods. METHODS: Psychometric study design that included 50 workers in an analysis of occupational tasks (n = 50 video tasks) using a non-explicit observational method, the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, and a workers’ self-report on their perception of their biomechanical occupational exposure. The reliability was tested by a non-explicit method and the REBA method. The validity of the non-explicit method was tested using the REBA method and the workers’ self-report, according to COSMIN guidelines. RESULTS: The intra- and inter-evaluator reliability of the non-explicit observational method ranged from moderate to strong (ICC2.1  = 0.45 to 0.87), and the agreement was acceptable (SEM = 0.60 to 2.79), expect for neck region. The REBA method showed intra-evaluator reliability to be moderate to excellent (ICC2.1  = 0.50 to 1.00), inter-evaluator reliability to be poor to strong (ICC2.1  = –0.17 to 0.83), and intra- and inter-evaluator agreement to be poor to moderate (SEM = 0.00 to 0.74). The concurrent validity between the non-explicit and REBA methods showed a strong positive correlation. CONCLUSION: The non-explicit observational method of biomechanical exposure analysis presented reproducible and valid measurement properties. Methods that present better measurement properties provide professionals with a better basis for analysis and assist in decision-making to reduce or eliminate risk exposure.
Risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among welders in the informal sector under resource constrained settings
Authors: Elvis Chiboyiwa , France Ncube , Patience Erick
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Welding tasks involve the use of awkward working postures and repetitive movements and therefore pose a risk for developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs). OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, severity and risk factors for WRMDs among welders in the informal sector. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 128 welders (33±10.5 years) were purposively selected from three urban centers in Zimbabwe. WRMDs were assessed using a Modified Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (MCMQ). The Quick Exposure Check (QEC) and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) were used for postural risk analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Analyses showed a high prevalence of pain in the lower back (78%), right shoulder (66%), left hand wrist (62%) and right hand wrist (61%). With regards to the severity of lower back pain, 4% reported low pain, 24% mild pain and 48% were severe cases of pain. Elevated grand REBA scores were significantly associated with self-reported in various body regions. Multinomial regression analyses showed that smoking, prolonged working hours and not engaging in physical activities were significant predictors for pain. High job satisfaction and taking adequate work-rest breaks were protective factors for WRMDs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of WRMDs among welders due to individual and work-related risk factors. Ergonomics education is required to address the risk factors for and progression of WRMDs among welders.
Anthropometric perspective to classroom furniture ergonomics and the need for standards in Nigerian schools
Authors: Fidelis Obinna P. , Ogunlade Babatunde
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Classroom furniture designs have been implicated in musculoskeletal disorders among school age persons due to high level mismatches between the furniture dimensions and users’ anthropometrics. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyze classroom furniture ergonomics at selected primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions in Nigeria and to understand if there are noticeable patterns in the match/mismatch. METHOD: Anthropometric measures relevant to furniture design were obtained from primary and secondary school children as well as from university undergraduates. The dimensions of classroom furniture available to the participants were also taken and an assessment of the suitability of the furniture was completed. RESULT: The ergonomic evaluation of the classroom furniture available to the study participants revealed enormous discrepancies between the furniture dimensions and the anthropometric measures of the users. In addition, a pattern was observed in the way the matches/mismatches occurred. The furniture dimensions that matched majority of the users tend to match across the three categories and those that did not match majority of the students, also followed the same pattern. CONCLUSION: The study presents remarkably high levels of mismatches between classroom furniture and users’ anthropometrics and therefore calls for a review of the policies for classroom furniture design in Nigeria, if at all any policy exists.
Working with patients and the mental health of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fadhel Fahmi H. , Alqahtani Mohammed M.J. , Arnout Boshra A.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and concern are among the most common problems facing healthcare workers (HCWs) during epidemic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictive factors of anxiety, fears, and psychological distress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An online survey method was used on a sample of 153 of HCWs; (110) frontline and (43) non-frontline HCWs. They answered on the Hamilton anxiety rating scale, the Kessler psychological distress scale (K10), and the COVID-19 Concerns Questionnaire. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that 47.05% of HCWs have a severe level of fear related to COVID-19, 43.13% have very severe anxiety, and 30.71% experience severe psychological distress. The differences between frontline and non-frontline HCWs, female and male HCWs, and HCWs working in medical clinics, on quarantine, or in another place were significant in the three scales. Predictive factors of anxiety, fear, and psychological distress include working on the front lines, being female, and being over 50 years old. Meanwhile, working in a workplace with COVID-19 patients predicted anxiety and psychological distress, but not fears associated with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: HCWs have a high prevalence of symptoms of mental disorders that may interfere with their work. These results may have therapeutic applications during pandemics.
Lost in Transition
Authors: Kim Miso , Cho Eunhae
Published: April 2022

This collaborative autoethnography (CAE) explores the lived experiences of two South Korean doctoral students’ transnational career transitions during 2019–2021. The purpose of the CAE is twofold: (a) to analyze international doctoral students’ development during the transition; and (b) to investigate negotiations of their intersectional identities. The data came from our biweekly multimodal narratives on our development (96 total) and biweekly meeting transcripts (48 total). We thematically analyzed (Braun & Clarke, 2006) the data first, found two themes, and reconstructed our two-ear narratives and visually represented them. The data analysis revealed that our major challenges during transition were to receive developmentally appropriate help (responsive mediation; Johnson & Golombek, 2016) and to build transnational, intersectional identities in a liminal space (Bhabha, 1994) between different geographical locations. Based on our two-year dialogue data, we offer suggestions for negotiating appropriate levels of mediation and reframing intersectional and liminal identities in a liberating way.
ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ СПАДКОЄМЦІВ ЗА БОРГАМИ СПАДКОДАВЦЯ ЗА ЗАКОНОДАВСТВОМ УКРАЇНИ ТА ІНОЗЕМНИХ ДЕРЖАВ
Authors: Михайлів М.
Published: April 2022

У статті досліджено питання правового регулювання відповідальності спадкоємців за боргами спадкодавця за законодавством України та іноземних держав. Звертається увага на різні підходи в державах як до питань видів відповідальності спадкоємців за боргами спадкодавця, так і до питань процедури забезпечення вимог кредиторів спадкодавця. Виходячи із механізмів пред’явлення та задоволення вимог кредиторів, передбачених законодавством держав, запропоновано виділяти три групи держав: держави, в законодавстві яких передбачена можливість погашення вимог кредиторів лише після прийняття спадщини спадкоємцями шляхом пред’явлення вимог до спадкоємців у строки передбачені законодавством, але в межах вартості майна, одержаного у спадщину; держави, в законодавстві яких передбачена можливість погашення вимог кредиторів до прийняття та розподілу спадщини між спадкоємцями; держави, в законодавстві яких передбачена можливість погашення вимог кредиторів як до розподілу спадщини між спадкоємцями за рахунок всього спадкового майна, так і після такого розподілу між спадкоємцями в межах того спадкового майна, яке отримано спадкоємцем із спадщини. У статті закцентовано увагу на необхідності класифікації відповідальності спадкоємців, залежно від виду зобов’язань, які можуть бути покладені на них у зв’язку із прийняттям ними спадщини, на такі види: відповідальність спадкоємців у зв’язку із прийняттям спадщини за зобов’язаннями кредиторів спадкодавця; відповідальність спадкоємців у зв’язку із прийняттям спадщини за майнову шкоду (збитки), моральну шкоду, яка була завдана спадкодавцем за його життя; відповідальність спадкоємців у зв’язку із прийняттям спадщини перед відказоодержувачами; відповідальність спадкоємців у зв’язку із прийняттям спадщини за зобов’язаннями, пов’язаними із відшкодуванням витрат на охорону спадкового майна; відповідальність спадкоємців у зв’язку із прийняттям спадщини за зобов’язаннями, пов’язаними із вчиненням певних дій чи виконанням покладених на спадкоємця заповідачем умов; відповідальність спадкоємців у зв’язку із прийняттям спадщини за зобов’язаннями, пов’язаними із відшкодуванням витрат на утримання, догляд, лікування та поховання спадкодавця. Провівши аналіз законодавства іноземних держав запропоновано виокремити такі види витрат, що можуть покладатися на спадкоємців: витрати, які спадкоємці несуть у зв’язку із боргами спадкодавця; витрати пов’язані із процесом спадкування; витрати пов’язані із утриманням спадкового майна та непогашеними боргами щодо такого майна; витрати пов’язані із утриманням, доглядом, лікуванням спадкодавця за його життя та вчиненням дій щодо поховання спадкодавця.
Western Prairie Fringed Orchid Management, Ecology, and Decline
at Mormon Island
Authors: Caven Andrew
Published: April 2022

The western prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera praeclara Sheviak & M. L. Bowles; WPFO) was first detected in a vegetative state on
Mormon Island in 1978 and identification was confirmed following a mass flowering event in 1982. From a high count of ~60 plants
the WPFO slowly declined and has not been observed since 2000 despite flowering season surveys conducted in 15 of the last 20
years. We explore the natural history of the WPFO in the contexts of Mormon Island to establish potential causes for its apparent
disappearance and evaluate the possibility it persists in some capacity. Our investigation of secondary data suggests the Mormon
Island vegetation community remains relatively intact, including species associated with WPFO occurrence. Examination of the
ranges of known and potential WPFO pollinators suggests that Sphinx drupiferarum, Eumorpha achemon, and Hyles lineata were the
most likely pollinators at Mormon Island, and recent observations of these species indicate pollinator decline may not have been
a primary factor in WPFO disappearance locally. Research demonstrates individual WPFOs can occasionally live for decades, are
able to survive underground as rhizomes for periods of time, and often present above ground as just 1–3 leaves during the growing
season. Additionally, the seeds may persist in the soil for a substantial period of time. The WPFO appears to tolerate a reasonably
wide range of habitat conditions and management regimes but may require a relatively narrow range of circumstances to flower
en masse, including above average spring precipitation in subsequent years. Mass flowering events may also be stimulated by early
spring burns that precede above ground vegetative growth and subsequent rest during the growing season, but research is equivocal.
Though factors such as inbreeding depression and herbicide overspray could have potentially impacted the population, based
on local conditions we suggest the WPFO may persist on Mormon Island in a reduced capacity. We recommend the continuation of
growing season surveys and experimentation with multi-year management strategies that could stimulate growth and flowering.
Keywords: Western prairie fringed orchid, Platanthera praeclara, Management, Pollination, Ecology, Central Platte River Valley,
Sphingidae