bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anosognosia in Alzheimer’s disease: The role of impairment levels in assessment of insight across domains
Authors: LEICHT HANNA , BERWIG MARTIN , GERTZ HERMANN-JOSEF
Published: March 2010

Impaired insight for deficits (anosognosia) is common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it has not yet been determined clearly (a) whether different methods for assessing insight are comparable, and (b) whether anosognosia affects different domains to different degrees (domain-specificity). Impaired insight was investigated in 32 patients with AD, who were each accompanied by a caregiver. Anosognosia was assessed by a global clinical rating, questionnaire discrepancies (patientvs.caregiver) covering different domains, and performance discrepancies (self-assessmentvs.performance) based on four neuropsychological tests which were compared with those of a healthy control sample. The results of clinical rating and questionnaire discrepancies were closely correlated, but performance discrepancies showed no association with the other methods. Anosognosia was present in the majority of the sample, and occurred across domains. The domains corresponding to core deficits in AD (recent memory, activities of daily living) appeared especially prone to anosognosia. However, results do not suggest that anosognosia itself is domain-specific. Rather, it appears that insight may be invariant, while differences in patient-caregiver discrepancies arise largely from different degrees of deficit across domains. (JINS, 2010,16, 463–473.)
Is the behavior rating inventory of executive function more strongly associated with measures of impairment or executive function?
Authors: MCAULEY TARA , CHEN SHIRLEY , GOOS LISA , SCHACHAR RUSSELL , CROSBIE JENNIFER
Published: March 2010

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) is commonly used in the assessment of children and adolescents presenting with a wide range of concerns. It is unclear, however, whether the questionnaire is more closely related to general measures of behavioral disruption and impairment or to specific measures of executive function. In the present study, associations between the Behavioral Regulation Index and Metacognition Index of the BRIEF and cognitive, behavioral, and academic measures were examined in a sample of clinic-referred youth (n= 60) and healthy youth (n= 37) 6–15 years of age. Measures included ratings of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms in youth, ratings of how well youth functioned in their everyday environments, youth’s scores on measures of reading and math, and youth’s scores on measures of inhibition, performance monitoring, and working memory. Although both BRIEF indices were strongly related to parent and teacher ratings of behavioral disruption and impairment, neither was associated with youth’s scores on the performance-based tasks of executive function. These findings support the use of the BRIEF as a clinical tool for assessing a broad range of concerns, but raise questions about the relation of the BRIEF to performance-based tasks that are commonly used to assess executive function. (JINS, 2010,16, 495–505.)
Verbal learning differences in chronic mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: GEARY ELIZABETH K. , KRAUS MARILYN F. , PLISKIN NEIL H. , LITTLE DEBORAH M.
Published: March 2010

Following mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), a percentage of individuals report chronic memory and attention difficulties. Traditional neuropsychological assessments often fail to find evidence for such complaints. We hypothesized that mild TBI patients may, in fact, experience subtle cognitive deficits that reflect diminished initial acquisition that can be explained by changes in cerebral white matter microstructure. In the data presented here, a sample of nonlitigating and gainfully employed mild TBI patients demonstrated statistically significant differences from age and education matched control participants in performance on the first trial of a verbal learning task. Performance on this trial was associated with reduced fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus and the superior longitudinal fasciculus providing an anatomical correlate for the cognitive findings. Mild TBI patients were not impaired relative to control participants on total learning or memory composite variables. Performance on the first learning trial was not related to any psychological variables including mood. We concluded that patients with mild TBI demonstrate diminished verbal learning that is not often interpreted in standard neuropsychological assessment. (JINS, 2010,16, 506–516.)
The common objects memory test (COMT): A simple test with cross-cultural applicability
Authors: KEMPLER DANIEL , TENG EVELYN L. , TAUSSIG MARIBEL , DICK MALCOLM B.
Published: March 2010

The Common Objects Memory Test (COMT) was developed to assess age-related memory impairments in individuals with a range of educational, language and cultural backgrounds. The COMT is a list-learning protocol that uses photographs of common objects to bypass difficulties posed by written words for individuals who are illiterate or have limited education. Preliminary data are presented for 336 healthy adults and 90 patients with dementia. Their age ranged from 54 to 99 years, education ranged from 0 to 22 years, and they were from five culturally and linguistically distinct populations: Caucasian and African-American English speakers, and native Chinese, Spanish, and Vietnamese speakers. Performance on the COMT was influenced by age, but little influenced by education, and un-influenced by gender or ethnic background. Among 11 neuropsychological tests, the recall scores from the COMT best distinguished healthy individuals from patients with dementia, underscoring its clinical utility for ethnically diverse populations. (JINS, 2010, 16, 537–545.)
Rates of symptom reporting following traumatic brain injury
Authors: DIKMEN SUREYYA , MACHAMER JOAN , FANN JESSE R. , TEMKIN NANCY R.
Published: March 2010

This study examines rates of reporting of new or worse post-traumatic symptoms for patients with a broad range of injury severity at 1 month and 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI), as compared with those whose injury spared the head, and assesses variables related to symptom reporting at 1 year post-injury. Seven hundred thirty two TBI subjects and 120 general trauma comparison (TC) subjects provided new or worse symptom information at 1 month and/or 1 year post-injury. Symptom reporting at 1 year post-injury was compared in subgroups based on basic demographics, preexisting conditions, and severity of brain injury. The TBI group reported significantly more symptoms at 1 month and 1 year after injury than TCs (each p < .001). Although symptom endorsement declined from 1 month to 1 year, 53% of people with TBI and 24% of TC continued to report 3 or more symptoms at 1 year post-injury. Symptom reporting in the TBI group was significantly related to age, gender, preinjury alcohol abuse, pre-injury psychiatric history, and severity of TBI. Symptom reporting is common following a traumatic injury and continues to be experienced by a substantial number of TBI subjects of all severity levels at 1 year post-injury. (JINS, 2010, 16, 401–411.)
Comparative analysis of two FFQ
Authors: Keogh Jennifer B , Lange Kylie , Syrette Julie
Published: March 2010

Objective

To examine the utility of a shorter FFQ compared with a longer FFQ, both of which are commonly used in Australia.

Design

Comparative study.

Setting

Community setting.

Subjects

One hundred and fifty-nine men (mean 55 (sem 7) years) screened for participation in an intervention study completed both the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation FFQ and the Cancer Council of Victoria FFQ. Agreement between both questionnaires was assessed according to Bland–Altman plots and limits of agreement (LOA) and ordinary least products regression to test for the presence of fixed and proportional bias.

Results

There was good relative agreement between the methods for energy and macronutrients (Pearson’s correlation coefficients: energy r = 0·7, protein r = 0·6, fat r = 0·8, carbohydrate r = 0·7, alcohol r = 0·8; P < 0·01). Mean group-level agreement for the majority of nutrients (70 %) fell between 80 % and 110 %. According to the criteria used (maximum LOA was 50–200 % and no significant proportional bias), there was acceptable agreement between the FFQ for energy and total saturated and monounsaturated fat, but not for protein, carbohydrate and fibre. Micronutrients that did not meet the agreement criteria including calcium, iron, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin and folate. When the data were analysed according to quintiles, the majority of subjects were either in exactly the same quintile or within one quintile for most nutrients, and 1–2 % were grossly misclassified by three or four quintiles.

Conclusions

We conclude that there is sufficient agreement between the instruments for group-level comparisons in men, but they are not interchangeable for estimation of individual intakes.
Dietary patterns and risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case–control study
Authors: Hajizadeh Bahareh , Rashidkhani Bahram , Rad Anahita H , Moasheri Seyed M , Saboori Hojjatollah
Published: March 2010

Objective

We conducted a hospital-based, case–control study to examine the association between dietary patterns and the risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Iran.

Design

A total of forty-seven patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and ninety-six controls underwent face-to-face interviews. Factor analysis was used to detect dietary patterns. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95 % CI.

Results

We defined two major dietary patterns in this population: ‘healthy diet’ (high in vegetables, nuts, fruits, low-fat dairy and fish) and ‘western diet’ (high in solid oil, sugar, sweets, tea, eggs, pickles and processed meat). Both healthy and western pattern scores were divided into two categories (based on medians). Higher healthy pattern scores were significantly associated with decreased risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (high: second median v. low: first median, OR = 0·17, 95 % CI 0·19, 0·98). An increased risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma was observed with the western pattern (high: second median v. low: first median, OR = 10·13, 95 % CI 8·45, 43·68).

Conclusions

The results of the present study suggested that diet might be associated with oesophageal carcinoma.
Failing to Adapt: Institutional Barriers to RCOs Engagement in Transformation of Social Welfare
Authors: Phillimore Jenny , Goodson Lisa
Published: March 2010

Britain has entered a new era of super-diversity and many regions of the UK are experiencing the arrival of new communities. Refugee Community Organisations (RCOs) have developed following the arrival of new asylum seeking and refugee communities, and have been charged with the role of supporting the integration of these newcomers. However, there is much evidence to suggest that they are functioning only with individuals rather than working with institutions to transform systems and ensure welfare provision is adapted to account for diverse needs. This paper looks at the role of RCOs in attempting transformation and, using data collected through survey, interviews, and participatory action research, examines the extent to which RCOs are able to engage with the public and wider voluntary sector, to ensure that refugees' welfare needs can be met. It finds that in addition to the much-researched functional barriers to transformation, there are major institutional barriers to engagement. Institutions have failed to adapt their systems to enable representation of new communities instead expecting RCOs to build their own capacity to communicate. The paper ends by offering some ideas around resourcing RCOs to be represented and developing the capacity of institutions to adapt to new diversity.
Hot Tea, Dry Toast and the Responsibilisation of Homeless People
Authors: Whiteford Martin
Published: March 2010

This article sets out to critically explore the expanding and contested vocabulary of ‘responsible citizenship’ as it relates to homeless people in a small market town in rural Dorset. Taking as its reference point the controversial decision to introduce a payment system for hot food at a day-centre for rough sleepers, I offer a concrete illustration of how the desire to cultivate ‘active’ and ‘responsible’ citizens is experienced and perceived by people who are affected by homelessness and other dimensions of ‘deep’ social exclusion. My concern here is to show that the logic of ‘responsibilisation’, which I suggest aims to ensure that difficult and troublesome individuals are made to accept prevailing social norms, draws its sustenance from a more fundamental concern with refashioning the meaning of contemporary citizenship. In so doing, I focus on the particular problems with this approach, using an alternative approach that argues that the problems and vulnerabilities associated with entrenched and chronic homelessness remain a significant obstacle to social inclusion and meaningful participation in community life.
Introduction: Interrogating Harm and Abuse: A Lifespan Approach
Authors: Bowes Alison , Daniel Brigid
Published: March 2010

At any time any person faces a possibility of suffering harm from another, and the broad criminal justice framework aims to provide a general level of protection from such harms to the whole population. However, possibilities of abuse, exploitation or neglect are conceptualised as more likely for certain people. These include those in intimate partner relationships, or those whose level of dependency on others is greater as a result of life stage or impairment. Specific legal and policy measures aim to address potential harm in such situations, and are proliferating.
Harm and Resilience among Prostituted Teens: Broadening our Understanding of Victimisation and Survival
Authors: Williams Linda M.
Published: March 2010

Based on qualitative research completed in the United States on pathways into and out of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC), this article focuses on themes of harm, resilience and survival-focused coping by prostituted teens and makes recommendations for policy and practice. The research on which it is based takes a life-course perspective on pathways into and out of CSEC. Analyses of the narratives of homeless, runaway and sexually victimised (prostituted and trafficked) teens suggest the need for a more nuanced understanding of both harm and survival that has important implications for practice and policy communities responding to human trafficking within and across borders.
Age, Ethnicity and Equalities: Synthesising Policy and Practice Messages from Two Recent Studies of Elder Abuse in the UK
Authors: Manthorpe Jill , Bowes Alison
Published: March 2010

Two recent studies of elder abuse in the UK are located in current policy contexts of adult safeguarding. After describing the studies, the discussion draws out their central messages and identifies the challenges that the studies present to recent policy debates and innovations. These relate to the need to properly integrate both wider older people's issues and issues of racism and ethnicity within developments in adult safeguarding policy as well as social care services as the personalisation agenda advances.
Abusive Interactions: Research in Locked Wards for People with Dementia
Authors: Kelly Fiona
Published: March 2010

This paper reports on a study in which unique access to three locked psycho-geriatric wards of a hospital allowed ethnographic exploration into everyday social worlds of fourteen people with dementia. Findings indicate abusive practice in the wards and show that participants in receipt of such practice responded with self-defence and resistance, but ultimately were defeated. In a development of Sabat's (2001) Selfs 1–3 framework, I identify how abusive practice arose due to staffs' inability to recognise different aspects of patients' self. Recommendations for practice include integrating a developed Selfs 1–3 framework into staff training and evaluating its impact on practice.
Impact of airborne Doppler wind lidar profiles on numerical simulations of a tropical cyclone
Authors: Pu Zhaoxia , Zhang Lei , Emmitt G. David
Published: March 2010

During the THORPEX Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (TPARC) field experiment in 2008, an airborne Doppler wind lidar (DWL) was onboard the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory's P‐3 research flight. It was the first time the DWL was used for a tropical cyclone mission. This paper presents the first results demonstrating the impact of airborne DWL measurements on the numerical simulation of Typhoon Nuri (2008) in its formation phase. With an advanced research version of the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model and its data assimilation systems, numerical results show the DWL data have a positive impact on numerical simulations of Typhoon Nuri in terms of its formation, track and intensity. Dropsondes released in the areas where the DWL was operating show good agreement for measured winds. Compared with the three‐dimensional variational method, a four‐dimensional variational data assimilation system is deemed to be more promising for assimilating the DWL data.
Changes in equatorial atmospheric zonal circulations in recent decades
Authors: Yu Bin , Zwiers Francis W.
Published: March 2010

The equatorial zonal circulation is characterized by the atmospheric mass flux, and is calculated using the NCEP‐NCAR and ERA‐40 reanalysis products. A speed‐up of the equatorial circulations over the Atlantic and Indian oceans is found in recent decades in both reanalyses, in conjunction with a slow‐down of the Pacific Walker circulation. These changes in the equatorial circulations are consistent with changes in dynamically related heating in the tropics, and with observed changes in precipitation.
Mantle helium reveals Southern Ocean hydrothermal venting
Authors: Winckler Gisela , Newton Robert , Schlosser Peter , Crone Timothy J.
Published: March 2010

Hydrothermal venting along the global mid‐ocean ridge system plays a major role in cycling elements and energy between the Earth's interior and surface. We use the distribution of helium isotopes along an oceanic transect at 67°S to identify previously unobserved hydrothermal activity in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Combining the geochemical information provided by the helium isotope anomaly with independent hydrographic information from the Southern Ocean, we trace the source of the hydrothermal input to the Pacific Antarctic Ridge south of 55°S, one of the major global mid‐ocean ridge systems, which has until now been a ‘blank spot’ on the global map of hydrothermal venting. We identify three complete ridge segments, a portion of a fourth segment and two isolated locations on the Pacific Antarctic Ridge between 145°W and 175°W (representing ∼540 km of ridge in total) as the potential source of the newly observed plume.
Role of deep soil moisture in modulating climate in the Amazon rainforest
Authors: Harper Anna B. , Denning A. Scott , Baker Ian T. , Branson Mark D. , Prihodko Lara , Randall David A.
Published: March 2010

Both local and large‐scale processes affect the Amazon hydrologic cycle. We investigate the impact of deep soils on the atmosphere through local feedbacks. The Simple Biosphere model, version 3 (SiB3), is coupled to a single column model. Historically, land surface schemes parameterize soil moisture stress based on shallow soils and incorrectly capture seasonal cycles in the Amazon. Following observations, SiB3 is updated to allow deep roots to access soil moisture at depth. The new (“Unstressed”) version of SiB3 has a stronger hydrologic cycle, with increased evapotranspiration and moisture export during the dry season. The boundary layer responds through changes in its depth, relative humidity, and turbulent kinetic energy, and these changes feed back to influence wet season onset and intensity. Differences in atmospheric latent heating could affect circulation in a global model. The results have important consequences for modeling the Amazon hydrologic cycle and climate in global climate models.
Sprite initiation altitude measured by triangulation
Authors: Stenbaek‐Nielsen H. C. , Haaland R. , McHarg M. G. , Hensley B. A. , Kanmae T.
Published: March 2010

High time resolution (10,000 frames per second) images of sprites combined with multistation concurrent video recordings have provided data for triangulation of the altitude of the initial sprite onset. The high‐speed images were obtained from the Langmuir Laboratory, New Mexico, during summer campaigns in 2007 and 2008 with video observations from sites at Portales, New Mexico, and Las Vegas, New Mexico. Sprites start with one or more downward‐propagating streamer heads. The triangulated onset altitudes of this initial downward streamer vary between 66 and 89 km. In some sprites the downward streamers are followed a little later by upward‐propagating streamers. The upward streamers start from a lower altitude and existing luminous sprite structures and their triangulated altitudes vary from 64 to 78 km. The downward streamers create C sprite characteristics, while the upward streamers form the broad diffuse tops of carrot sprites. In the sprites analyzed the higher onset altitudes for the downward‐propagating initial streamers were associated with C sprites and the lower with carrot sprites, but our larger data set indicates that this is not generally the case. It appears that the dominant sprite types vary from year to year, indicating that some longer‐lasting environmental parameter, such as mesospheric conductivity and composition or thunderstorm cloud dynamics, may play an important role in determining the types of sprites observed.
Accommodation of volume changes in phase transition zones: Macroscopic scale
Authors: Krien Y. , Fleitout L.
Published: March 2010

The volume changes associated with a phase transition need to be accommodated by creep. Otherwise, a pressure anomaly impeding the transformation is induced. Phase changes in mantle flows are therefore delayed by this process, which occurs not only on a microscopic scale but also, as shown in the present paper, on a macroscopic (i.e., kilometric) scale. The mechanism is illustrated first with the help of a simple analytical “pipe flow” model. The broadening and average deflection of the phase transition vary with the vertical velocity of the flow V, the viscosity in the zone of phase transition η, the density jump Δρ, and the pressure interval over which the phase change occurs Δ P. They are characterized by a nondimensional number: α = (4/3)ηgV (Δρ/ΔP2). For small α, the deflection of the phase transition is equal to α times the width of the transition loop. A numerical, one‐dimensional stationary model is then used to quantify how the flow is hampered by mass anomalies associated with the phase transition deflections. The response functions for harmonic loads in a self‐gravitating mantle are computed. Transition deflection is shown to have a significant influence in the case of a thin and viscous discontinuity. Conversely, it may be negligible if the material within transition zones is weakened. In an estimate where we link the viscosity in the transition zone to the level of deviatoric stress, we show that sizable (≈7 km) deflections of the 670 km discontinuity can be expected as a consequence of these macroscopic volume changes associated with phase transformations.
Savage‐Hutter model for avalanche dynamics in inclined channels: Analytical solutions
Authors: Zahibo Narcisse , Pelinovsky Efim , Talipova Tatiana , Nikolkina Irina
Published: March 2010

The Savage‐Hutter model is applied to describe gravity driven shallow water flows in inclined channels of parabolic‐like shapes modeling avalanches moving in mountain valleys or landslide motions in underwater canyons. The Coulomb (sliding) friction term is included in the model. Several analytical solutions describing the nonlinear dynamics of avalanches are obtained: the nonlinear deformed (Riemann) wave, the dam break problem, self‐similar solutions and others. Some of them extend the known solution for an inclined plate (one‐dimensional geometry). The cross‐section shape of the inclined channels significantly influences the speed of avalanche propagation and characteristic time of dynamical processes. Obtained analytical solutions can be used to test numerical models and to give insights into the structure of avalanche flow and to highlight basic mechanisms of avalanche dynamics.
An altimetry‐based gravest empirical mode south of Africa: 2. Dynamic nature of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current fronts
Authors: Swart Sebastiaan , Speich Sabrina
Published: March 2010

Swart et al. (2010) applied altimetry data to the gravest empirical mode south of Africa to yield a 16 year time series of temperature and salinity sections. In this study we use these thermohaline sections to derive weekly estimates of heat content (HC) and salt content (SC) at the GoodHope meridional transect of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). These estimates compare favorably to observed data. The resulting 16 year time series of HC and SC estimates are used to explain the subsurface thermohaline variability at each ACC front and frontal zone. The variability at the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) is principally driven by the presence of Agulhas Rings, which occur in this region approximately 2.7 times per annum and are responsible for the longest and highest scales of observed variability. The variability of the SAZ is responsible for over 50% and 60% of the total ACC HC and SC variability, respectively. Poleward of the SAZ, the variability is largely determined by the influence of the local topography on the fronts of the region and can be explained by the conservation of potential vorticity. Wavelet analysis is conducted on the time series of meridionally integrated HC and SC in each ACC front and frontal zone, revealing a consistent seasonal mode that becomes more dominant toward the southern limit of the ACC. The lower‐frequency signals are compared with two dominant modes of variability in the Southern Ocean. The Southern Annular Mode correlates well with the HC and SC anomaly estimates at the Antarctic Polar Front, while the Southern Oscillation Index appears to have connections to the variability found in the very southern domains of the ACC.
Lipopolysaccharide interaction is decisive for the activity of the antimicrobial peptide NK-2 againstEscherichia coliandProteus mirabilis
Authors: Hammer Malte U. , Brauser Annemarie , Olak Claudia , Brezesinski Gerald , Goldmann Torsten , Gutsmann Thomas , Andrä Jörg
Published: March 2010

Phosphatidylglycerol is a widely used mimetic to study the effects of AMPs (antimicrobial peptides) on the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. However, the antibacterial activities of novel NK-2-derived AMPs could not be sufficiently explained by using this simple model system. Since the LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-containing outer membrane is the first barrier of Gram-negative bacteria, in the present study we investigated interactions of NK-2 and a shortened variant with viable Escherichia coli WBB01 and Proteus mirabilis R45, and with model membranes composed of LPS isolated from these two strains. Differences in net charge and charge distribution of the two LPS have been proposed to be responsible for the differential sensitivity of the respective bacteria to other AMPs. As imaged by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and AFM (atomic force microscopy), NK-2-mediated killing of these bacteria was corroborated by structural alterations of the outer and inner membranes, the release of E. coli cytoplasma, and the formation of unique fibrous structures inside P. mirabilis, suggesting distinct and novel intracellular targets. NK-2 bound to and intercalated into LPS bilayers, and eventually induced the formation of transient heterogeneous lesions in planar lipid bilayers. However, the discriminative activity of NK-2 against the two bacterial strains was independent of membrane intercalation and lesion formation, which both were indistinguishable for the two LPS. Instead, differences in activity originated from the LPS-binding step, which could be demonstrated by NK-2 attachment to intact bacteria, and to solid-supported LPS bilayers on a surface acoustic wave biosensor.
Cell cycle distribution, cellular viability and mRNA expression of hGCase‐gene‐transfected cells in dairy goat
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Li , Wan Yong‐Jie , Wang Zi‐Yu , Qi Wei‐Wei , Zhou Zheng‐Rong , Huang Rong , Wang Feng
Published: March 2010

Nuclear transfer using transgenic donor cells is an efficient way of generating transgenic goats, wherein the preparation of competent transgenic donor cells is the pivotal upstream step. We have measured the efficiency of transfection with a plasmid containing hGCase (human lysosomal acid β‐glucosidase) gene into goat FFC (fetal‐derived fibroblast cells), MEC (mammary epithelial cells) and AEFC (adult ear skin‐derived fibroblast cells), and the characteristics of cell cycle, apoptosis and chromosome abnormalities after transfection. The expression of genes involved in imprinting [IGF2 (insulin‐like growth factor 2), IGF2R (IGF2 receptor)], apoptosis (Bax), stress (heat‐shock protein, Hsp70.1), cellular connections [Cx43 (connexin 43)] and DNA methylation [DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1)] in transgenic fetal cells has been investigated. The hGCase transgene was successfully detected in the transfected cell lines, and chromosomal stability remained similar in FFC and transgenic FFC (70.9 compared with 66.8%), whereas a smaller percentage (P<0.05) of cells at G0/G1in the transgenic FFC, MEC and AEFC (T‐FFC, T‐MEC and T‐AEFC), and higher percentage (P<0.05) of apoptotic cells in T‐FFC than the non‐transfected controls were detected by flow cytometric analysis. Among the genes tested, the relative expressions of IGF2, IGF2R and transcripts of Cx43 were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T‐FFC compared with non‐transfected FFC. These novel findings on gene expression in transgenic fetal cells may have certain implications in the biopharming industry and in our understanding the low efficiency of transgenic cloning.
Review on high current 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance sources (invited)
Authors: Gammino S. , Celona L. , Ciavola G. , Maimone F. , Mascali D.
Published: March 2010

The suitable source for the production of intense beams for high power accelerators must obey to the request of high brightness, stability, and reliability. The 2.45 GHz off-resonance microwave discharge sources are the ideal device to generate the requested beams, as they produce multimilliampere beams of protons, deuterons, and monocharged ions, remaining stable for several weeks without maintenance. A description of different technical designs will be given, analyzing their strength, and weakness, with regard to the extraction system and low energy beam transport line, as the presence of beam halo is detrimental for the accelerator.
Ion production from solid state laser ion sources
Authors: Gottwald T. , Havener C. , Lassen J. , Liu Y. , Mattolat C. , Raeder S. , Rothe S. , Wendt K.
Published: March 2010

Laser ion sources based on resonant excitation and ionization of atoms are well-established tools for selective and efficient production of radioactive ion beams. Recent developments are focused on the use of the state-of-the-art all solid-state laser systems. To date, 35 elements of the periodic table are available from laser ion sources based on tunable Ti:sapphire lasers. Recent progress in this field regarding the establishment of suitable optical excitation schemes for Ti:sapphire lasers are reported.
rf improvements for Spallation Neutron Source H− ion source
Authors: Kang Y. W. , Fuja R. , Goulding R. H. , Hardek T. , Lee S.-W. , McCarthy M. P. , Piller M. C. , Shin K. , Stockli M. P. , Welton R. F.
Published: March 2010

The Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is ramping up the accelerated proton beam power to 1.4 MW and just reached 1 MW. The rf-driven multicusp ion source that originates from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has been delivering ∼38 mA H− beam in the linac at 60 Hz, 0.9 ms. To improve availability, a rf-driven external antenna multicusp ion source with a water-cooled ceramic aluminum nitride (AlN) plasma chamber is developed. Computer modeling and simulations have been made to analyze and optimize the rf performance of the new ion source. Operational statistics and test runs with up to 56 mA medium energy beam transport beam current identify the 2 MHz rf system as a limiting factor in the system availability and beam production. Plasma ignition system is under development by using a separate 13 MHz system. To improve the availability of the rf power system with easier maintenance, we tested a 70 kV isolation transformer for the 80 kW, 6% duty cycle 2 MHz amplifier to power the ion source from a grounded solid-state amplifier.
Fine-structure characteristics in the emittance images of a strongly focusing He+ beam
Authors: Sasao M. , Kobuchi T. , Kisaki M. , Takahashi H. , Okamoto A. , Kitajima S. , Kaneko O. , Tsumori K. , Shinto K. , Wada M.
Published: March 2010

The phase space distribution of a strongly focused He+ ion beam source equipped with concave multiaperture electrodes was measured using a pepper-pot plate and a Kapton foil. The substructure of 301 merging He beamlets was clearly observed on a footprint of pepper-pot hole at the beam waist, where the beam density was 500 mA/cm2. The position and the width of each beamlet substructure show the effect of interference of beamlets with surrounding one.
GISELE: A resonant ionization laser ion source for the production of radioactive ions at GANIL
Authors: Lecesne N. , Alvès-Condé R. , Coterreau E. , De Oliveira F. , Dubois M. , Flambard J. L. , Franberg H. , Gottwald T. , Jardin P. , Lassen J. , Le Blanc F. , Leroy R. , Mattolat C. , Olivier A. , Pacquet J. Y. , Pichard A. , Rothe S. , Saint-Laurent M. G. , Wendt K.
Published: March 2010

SPIRAL2 is the new project under construction at GANIL to produce radioactive ion beams and in particular neutron rich ion beams. For the past 10 yr SPIRAL1 at GANIL has been delivering accelerated radioactive ion beams of gases. Both facilities now need to extend the range of radioactive ion beams produced to condensable elements. For that purpose, a resonant ionization laser ion source, funded by the French Research National Agency, is under development at GANIL, in collaboration with IPN Orsay, University of Mainz (Germany) and TRIUMF, Vancouver (Canada). A description of this project called GISELE (GANIL Ion Source using Electron Laser Excitation) is presented.
Computer simulations for rf design of a Spallation Neutron Source external antenna H− ion source
Authors: Lee S. W. , Goulding R. H. , Kang Y. W. , Shin K. , Welton R. F.
Published: March 2010

Electromagnetic modeling of the multicusp external antenna H− ion source for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) has been performed in order to optimize high-power performance. During development of the SNS external antenna ion source, antenna failures due to high voltage and multicusp magnet holder rf heating concerns under stressful operating conditions led to rf characteristics analysis. In rf simulations, the plasma was modeled as an equivalent lossy metal by defining conductivity as σ. Insulation designs along with material selections such as ferrite and Teflon could be included in the computer simulations to compare antenna gap potentials, surface power dissipations, and input impedance at the operating frequencies, 2 and 13.56 MHz. Further modeling and design improvements are outlined in the conclusion.
Plasma ion dynamics and beam formation in electron cyclotron resonance ion sources
Authors: Mascali D. , Neri L. , Gammino S. , Celona L. , Ciavola G. , Gambino N. , Miracoli R. , Chikin S.
Published: March 2010

In electron cyclotron resonance ion sources it has been demonstrated that plasma heating may be improved by means of different microwave to plasma coupling mechanisms, including the “frequency tuning” and the “two frequency heating.” These techniques affect evidently the electron dynamics, but the relationship with the ion dynamics has not been investigated in details up to now. Here we will try to outline these relations: through the study of ion dynamics we may try to understand how to optimize the electron cyclotron resonance ion sources brightness. A simple model of the ion confinement and beam formation will be presented, based on particle-in-cell and single particle simulations.
Control system for the Spallation Neutron Source H− source test facility Allison scanner
Authors: Long C. D. , Stockli M. P. , Gorlov T. V. , Han B. , Murray S. N. , Pennisi T. R.
Published: March 2010

Spallation Neutron Source is currently in progress of a multiyear plan to ramp ion beam power to the initial design power of 1.4 MW. Key to reaching this goal is understanding and improving the operation of the H− ion source. An Allison scanner was installed on the ion source in the test facility to support this improvement. This paper will discuss the hardware and the software control system of the installed Allison scanner. The hardware for the system consists of several parts. The heart of the system is the scanner head, complete with associated bias plates, slits, and signal detector. There are two analog controlled high voltage power supplies to bias the plates in the head, and a motor with associated controller to position the head in the beam. A multifunction data acquisition card reads the signals from the signal detector, as well as supplies the analog voltage control for the power supplies. To synchronize data acquisition with the source, the same timing signal that is used to trigger the source itself is used to trigger data acquisition. Finally, there is an industrial personal computer to control the rest of the hardware. Control software was developed using National Instruments LABVIEW, and consists of two parts: a data acquisition program to control the hardware and a stand alone application for offline user data analysis.
Characteristics of 80 keV positive ion source for Large Helical Device
Authors: Nakano H. , Osakabe M. , Tsumori K. , Sato M. , Shibuya M. , Ikeda K. , Nagaoka K. , Kaneko O. , Asano E. , Kondo T. , Komada S. , Takeiri Y.
Published: March 2010

An additional beamline, BL5, equipped with four positive ion sources will be installed on Large Helical Device (LHD) in 2010. The performance of an ion source which generates 80 keV deuterium and 60 keV hydrogen beams was investigated. The structure of the ion source is based on that of a BL4 ion source on LHD. The main differences between the ion sources for the BL4 and BL5 are the acceleration voltages and the materials of plasma electrodes: copper and molybdenum, respectively. The molybdenum plasma electrode for BL5 has better performance than the copper plasma electrode of BL4. The integrated performance of the ion source for BL5 reached a value equivalent to ∼58 A in the beam current of hydrogen positive ion at 60 keV in the beam energy.
Beamlet characteristics in the accelerator with multislot grounded grid
Authors: Tsumori K. , Osakabe M. , Takeiri Y. , Kaneko O. , Nagaoka K. , Ikeda K. , Nakano H. , Oka Y. , Shibuya M. , Asano E. , Komada S. , Kondo T. , Sato M.
Published: March 2010

Characteristics of multibeamlets are investigated by means of beamlet monitoring technique. The beamlets are extracted from an accelerator with multislot grounded grid and the profiles are observed as infrared images of temperature distributions on a cold isostatic pressed graphite plate exposed by H-beamlets. The optimal horizontal and vertical divergence angles of single beamlet are estimated at 4.1 and 6.1 mrad, respectively.
Drift distance survey in direct plasma injection scheme for high current beam production
Authors: Kanesue T. , Okamura M. , Kondo K. , Tamura J. , Kashiwagi H. , Zhang Z.
Published: March 2010

In a laser ion source, plasma drift distance is one of the most important design parameters. Ion current density and beam pulse width are defined by plasma drift distance between a laser target and beam extraction position. In direct plasma injection scheme, which uses a laser ion source and a radio frequency quadrupole linac, we can apply relatively higher electric field at beam extraction due to the unique shape of a positively biased electrode. However, when we aim at very high current acceleration such as several tens of milliamperes, we observed mismatched beam extraction conditions. We tested three different ion current at ion extraction region by changing plasma drift distance to study better extraction condition. In this experiment, C6+ beam was accelerated. We confirmed that matching condition can be improved by controlling plasma drift distance.
The continued development of the Spallation Neutron Source external antenna H− ion source
Authors: Welton R. F. , Carmichael J. , Desai N. J. , Fuga R. , Goulding R. H. , Han B. , Kang Y. , Lee S. W. , Murray S. N. , Pennisi T. , Potter K. G. , Santana M. , Stockli M. P.
Published: March 2010

The U.S. Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based, pulsed neutron-scattering facility, currently in the process of ramping up neutron production. In order to ensure that the SNS will meet its operational commitments as well as provide for future facility upgrades with high reliability, we are developing a rf-driven, H− ion source based on a water-cooled, ceramic aluminum nitride (AlN) plasma chamber. To date, early versions of this source have delivered up to 42 mA to the SNS front end and unanalyzed beam currents up to ∼100 mA (60 Hz, 1 ms) to the ion source test stand. This source was operated on the SNS accelerator from February to April 2009 and produced ∼35 mA (beam current required by the ramp up plan) with availability of ∼97%. During this run several ion source failures identified reliability issues, which must be addressed before the source re-enters production: plasma ignition, antenna lifetime, magnet cooling, and cooling jacket integrity. This report discusses these issues, details proposed engineering solutions, and notes progress to date.
Particle simulation for direct plasma injection in a radio frequency quadrupole matching section
Authors: Tamura J. , Hattori T. , Hayashizaki N. , Ishibashi T. , Kanesue T. , Kashiwagi H. , Kondo K. , Okamura M.
Published: March 2010

We have been investigating direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS) for high-intensity heavy-ion beam acceleration. In the DPIS, laser-produced plasma is directly injected into a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac. To study the beam dynamics of the ion injection in the DPIS, we tracked particle motions in the RFQ matching section using three-dimensional particle-in-cell method. As a result of the numerical simulation, we found that the electrostatic field generated by the extraction electrode reduces the transmission efficiency. To avoid the radially defocusing force, the input beam into the RFQ has to be initially convergent. In the DPIS, further optimization of the plasma density is required for better matching.
The laser ion source trap for highest isobaric selectivity in online exotic isotope production
Authors: Schwellnus F. , Blaum K. , Catherall R. , Crepieux B. , Fedosseev V. , Gottwald T. , Kluge H.-J. , Marsh B. , Mattolat C. , Rothe S. , Stora T. , Wendt K.
Published: March 2010

The improvement in the performance of a conventional laser ion source in the laser ion source and trap (LIST) project is presented, which envisages installation of a repeller electrode and a linear Paul trap/ion guide structure. This approach promises highest isobaric purity and optimum temporal and spatial control of the radioactive ion beam produced at an online isotope separator facility. The functionality of the LIST was explored at the offline test separators of University of Mainz (UMz) and ISOLDE/CERN, using the UMz solid state laser system. Ionization efficiency and selectivity as well as time structure and transversal emittance of the produced ion beam was determined. Next step after complete characterization is the construction and installation of the radiation-hard final trap structure and its first online application.
Steady flow through a curved tube with wavy walls
Authors: Peterson Sean D.
Published: March 2010

The problem of fully developed steady flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid through a mildly curved tube with wavy walls of small amplitude-to-wavelength ratio around the tube circumference is solved via a perturbation solution. Dean’s original solution for tubes with circular cross-section is used as the foundation to solve the current regular perturbation problem. In general, the wavy walls are found to mitigate the effect of a given term in Dean’s expansion. For instance, the first order effect of the wavy walls is to reduce the strength of the secondary flow vortices and minimize the reduction of the volumetric flow rate caused by the curvature. A related effect is a general reduction in the average axial and circumferential wall shear stresses. The local wall shear stress, however, increases at the points of maximum incursion of the protrusions into the flow and decreases in the valleys between the protuberances. The general form of the solution for an arbitrary number of protuberances is presented to first order in the geometric perturbation and to fourth order in the Dean number.
Application of nanoimprinting technology to organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Chou Wei-Yang , Chang Ming-Hua , Cheng Horng-Long , Yu Shih-Po , Lee Yung-Chun , Chiu Cheng-Yu , Lee Chung-Yi , Shu Dun-Ying
Published: March 2010

The charge carrier transport efficiency and issues of patterning in organic semiconductors limit the potential range of microelectronic and optoelectronic applications of organic devices in nanoscale. We demonstrate high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a mobility of approximately 2.5 cm2/V s using nanogroove gate-dielectrics formed by nanoimprinting. The preferred flow of charge carriers in OFETs parallel to the nanogrooves yields a high mobility anisotropic ratio (above 220), providing a built-in autopattern organic semiconductor function with nanoscale resolution. This nanostructure embedded device has great potential for use in the manufacture and lithography-free patterning of organic semiconductor films in integrated circuits.
Significant growth-temperature dependence of ferromagnetic properties for Co2FeSi/Si(111) prepared by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Yamada S. , Hamaya K. , Yamamoto K. , Murakami T. , Mibu K. , Miyao M.
Published: March 2010

We study ferromagnetic properties of Heusler-alloy Co2FeSi epilayers grown on silicon (Si). The magnetic moment and in-plane magnetic anisotropy of the Co2FeSi/Si(111) epilayers vary significantly with the growth temperature (TG) even in the low-temperature region (TG≤200 °C). These features are induced by reaction phases formed at the interface between Co2FeSi and Si. At TG=100 °C, however, we can obtain both highly ordered L21 structures on Si and high-quality Co2FeSi/Si heterointerfaces at the same time. This fact will open a road to realize a Co-based half-metallic spin injector and detector for Si-based spintronic devices.
Dielectric cavity relativistic magnetron
Authors: Hashemi S. M. A.
Published: March 2010

An alteration in the structure of the A6 relativistic magnetron is proposed, which introduces an extra degree of freedom to its design and enhances many of its quality factors. This modification involves the partial filling of the cavities of the device with a low-loss dielectric material. The operation of a dielectric-filled A6 is simulated; the results indicate single-mode operation at the desired π mode and a substantially cleaner rf spectrum.
Excitation of coherent terahertz radiation by stimulated Raman scatterings
Authors: Liu Z. J. , He X. T. , Zheng C. Y. , Zhu Shao-ping , Cao L. H. , Wang Yugang
Published: March 2010

The excitation of terahertz radiation by stimulated Raman scattering is considered. Vlasov–Maxwell numerical simulations show that powerful terahertz radiation can be produced by cascade Raman scatterings.