bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Seismic Response of Steel Frame–Core Wall Structure with Basement Considering Soil–Structure Interaction Effects
Authors: Yang Fujian , Zhao Haonan , Ma Tianchang , Bao Yi , Cao Kai , Li Xiaoshuang
Published: November 2024

In recent years, numerous studies highlighted the crucial role of the soil–structure interaction (SSI) in the seismic performance of basement structures. However, there remains a limited understanding of how this interaction affects buildings with basement structures under varying site conditions. Based on the three-dimensional (3D) numerical analysis method, the influence of the SSI on the seismic response of high-rise steel frame–core wall (SFCW) structures situated on shallow-box foundations were investigated in this study. To further investigate the effects of the SSI and site conditions, three types of soil profiles—soft, medium, and hard—were considered, along with a fixed-foundation model. The results were compared in terms of the maximum lateral displacement, inter-story drift ratio (IDR), acceleration amplification coefficient, and tensile damage for the SFCW structure under different site conditions, with both fixed-base and shallow-box foundation configurations. The findings highlight that the site conditions significantly affected the seismic performance of the SFCW structure, particularly in the soft soil, which increased the lateral deflection and inter-story drift. Moreover, compared with non-pulse-like ground motion, pulse-like ground motion resulted in a higher acceleration amplification coefficient and greater structural response in the SFCW structure. The RC core wall–basement slab junction was a critical region of stress concentration that exhibited a high sensitivity to the site conditions. Additionally, the maximum IDRs showed a more significant variation at incidence angles between 20 and 30 degrees, with a more pronounced effect at a seismic input intensity of 0.3 g than at 0.2 g.
Primitive Resectable Small Bowel Cancer Clinical–Pathological Analysis: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in a General Surgery Unit
Authors: Obleagă Cosmin Vasile , Streba Costin Teodor , Mirea Cecil Sorin , Vîlcea Ionică Daniel , Florescu Dan Nicolae , Ciorbagiu Mihai Călin , Turcu Tudor , Florescu Mirela Marinela , Șerbănescu Mircea Sebastian , Mehedințeanu Alina-Maria , Vere Cristin Constantin
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Small bowel cancer is very rare; although the incidence of adenocarcinoma and other anatomopathological forms has increased recently, the diagnosis and treatment of this disease are still debatable because of the clinical heterogeneity and the absence of studies including a large number of patients. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study over 10 years in which we analyzed the clinical, imaging, and anatomopathological data of 46 patients hospitalized in a surgery clinic and diagnosed with small bowel cancer (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). Results: After clinical assessment of these patients, including complications (occlusion, bleeding, and perforation), the CT scan established the diagnosis in over 90% of the cases of the complicated form of the disease. Surgery has a curative role in localized cancers; tumor location, local invasion, the presence of locoregional lymph nodes, and the number of multiple tumors influence the type of surgery. The conventional pathological exam was completed via immunohistochemical staining. Adjuvant oncological treatment was performed after surgery (according to the guidelines); in patients with exceptional histopathological forms, the therapy was personalized. Conclusions: Most small bowel cancers were diagnosed with complications (occlusion and bleeding); the tumor type, location, and presence of multiple bowel cancers significantly influenced its management. Independently of the surgical resection (R0/R1 or R2), the prognosis of the disease depends on the tumor aggressivity, location (single/multiple), and locoregional node invasion.
Characterization of Some Plant Extracts, Piperine, and Piperic Acid and Their Anti-Obesity and Anti-Acne Effects Through the In Vitro Inhibition of Pancreatic and Bacterial Lipases
Authors: Sayari Adel , Mahfoudhi Amira , Alghamdi Othman A. , Hmida-Sayari Aida
Published: November 2024

Medicinal and culinary plants are identified as natural sources of antioxidants, bioactive molecules, and enzyme inhibitors, which are widely used for their nutritional and medicinal virtues. In attempts to identify natural extracts and molecules for overcoming obesity and acne issues, plant extracts of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), sage (Salvia officinalis), and ginger (Zingiber officinale) were prepared using solvents of different polarities. On the other hand, piperine was extracted from Piper nigrum with an extraction yield of 3.25 ± 0.12%. The piperic acid was obtained after the alkaline hydrolysis of piperine with a conversion rate of 97.2%. The ethanolic extract of ginger presented the highest radical scavenging activity with an IC50 = 17.3 ± 1.42 μg/mL, followed by the ethyl acetate extract of sage (IC50 = 20.16 ± 0.57 μg/mL). However, the ethyl acetate extract of ginger (IC50 = 27.87 μg/mL) presented the highest antioxidant activity with the β-Carotene-linoleic acid assay. Furthermore, only the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of sage, piperine, and piperic acid presented antibacterial activity against the B. subtilis strain. Using inhibition method A, 1 mg/mL ethyl acetate or ethanol extract of sage inhibited 94% or 79% of the chicken pancreatic lipase (CPL) activity, respectively. However, only 500 µg/mL of the same extracts or pure piperic acid completely inhibited the Staphylococcus xylosus lipase (SXL). Indeed, an IC50 of 54 ± 0.48 µg/mL and 68 ± 0.67 µg/mL were obtained with piperic acid and the sage ethyl acetate extract, respectively. Moreover, complete inhibition of SXL was obtained with piperic acid or ethanol extract of ginger, using inhibition method C, confirming the slight hydrophobic character of the inhibitors. Our results suggest that piperic acid and the studied ethanol/ethyl acetate extracts could play an important role as potent anti-obesity and anti-acne agents.
Optimizing Fe-N-C Electrocatalysts for PEMFCs: Influence of Constituents and Pyrolysis on Properties and Performance
Authors: Maniatis Ilias , Charalampopoulos Georgios , Paloukis Fotios , Daletou Maria K.
Published: November 2024

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising alternative technologies with applications in stationary power systems, vehicles, and portable electronics due to their low temperature operation, fast start-up, and environmental advantages. However, the high cost of platinum-based catalysts, in particular for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of the cathode side, prevents their widespread incorporation. Fe-N-C electrocatalysts have emerged as viable alternatives to platinum. In this study, different precursor components were investigated for the way that they affect the pyrolysis process, which is crucial for tailoring the final catalyst properties. In particular, carbon allotropes such as carbon Vulcan, Ketjenblack, and carbon nanotubes were selected for their unique structures and properties. In addition, various sources of iron (FeCl2, FeCl3, and K[Fe(SCN)4]) were evaluated. The influence of the pyrolysis atmosphere on the resulting Fe-N-C catalyst structures was also assessed. Through an integrated structure and surface chemistry analyses, as well as electrochemical tests with rotating disk electrode experiments in acidic media, the ORR performance and stability of these catalysts were defined. By examining the relationships between carbon sources and iron precursors, this research provides valuable information for the optimization of Fe-N-C catalysts in fuel cell applications.
Regulatory Mechanism of Protein Crotonylation and Its Relationship with Cancer
Authors: Yang Siyi , Fan Xinyi , Yu Wei
Published: November 2024

Crotonylation is a recently discovered protein acyl modification that shares many enzymes with acetylation. However, it possesses a distinct regulatory mechanism and biological function due to its unique crotonyl structure. Since the discovery of crotonylation in 2011, numerous crotonylation sites have been identified in both histones and other proteins. In recent studies, crotonylation was found to play a role in various diseases and biological processes. This paper reviews the initial discovery and regulatory mechanisms of crotonylation, including various writer, reader, and eraser proteins. Finally, we emphasize the relationship of dysregulated protein crotonylation with eight common malignancies, including cervical, prostate, liver, and lung cancer, providing new potential therapeutic targets.
Initial WNT/β-Catenin or BMP Activation Modulates Inflammatory Response of Mesodermal Progenitors Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Suzdaltseva Yulia , Selezneva Anastasia , Sergeev Nikita , Kiselev Sergey L.
Published: November 2024

Wound healing in adults largely depends on the functional state of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Human fetal tissues at the early stages of development are known to heal quickly with a full-quality restoration of the original structure. The differences in the molecular mechanisms that determine the functional activity of mesodermal cells in fetuses and adults remain virtually unknown. Using two independent human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, we examined the effects of the initial WNT and BMP activation on the differentiation of iPSCs via mesodermal progenitors into MSCs and highlighted the functions of these cells that are altered by the proinflammatory microenvironment. The WNT-induced mesoderm commitment of the iPSCs enhanced the expression of paraxial mesoderm (PM)-specific markers, while the BMP4-primed iPSCs exhibited increased levels of lateral mesoderm (LM)-specific genes. The inflammatory status and migration rate of the isogenic iPSC-derived mesoderm cells were assessed via gene expression analysis and scratch assay under the receptor-dependent activation of the proinflammatory IFN-γ or TNF-α signaling pathway. Reduced IDO1 and ICAM1 expression levels were detected in the WNT- and BMP-induced MSC progenitors compared to the isogenic MSCs in response to stimulation with IFN-γ and TNF-α. The WNT- and BMP-induced MSC progenitors exhibited a higher migration rate than isogenic MSCs upon IFN-γ exposure. The established isogenic cellular model will provide new opportunities to elucidate the mechanisms of regeneration and novel therapeutics for wound healing.
Investigating the Routes to Produce Cellulose Fibers from Agro-Waste: An Upcycling Process
Authors: Plakantonaki Sofia , Kiskira Kyriaki , Zacharopoulos Nikolaos , Belessi Vassiliki , Sfyroera Emmanouela , Priniotakis Georgios , Athanasekou Chrysoula
Published: November 2024

The agriculture and agri-food sectors produce substantial amounts of plant-based waste. This waste presents an identifiable research opportunity to develop methods for effectively eliminating and managing it in order to promote zero-waste and circular economies. Plant-based waste and by-products are acknowledged as valuable sources of bioactive compounds, including cellulose fibers. Direct application of these fibers in non-food sectors such as textiles can reduce the environmental impact of secondary raw materials. This review aims to provide an overview of novel concepts and modern technologies for efficiently utilizing plant-based waste and by-products from the agricultural and agro-industrial sectors to extract fibers for a variety of final applications, including the fashion industry. Two major routes are identified to produce cellulose fibers: the extraction and purification of natural cellulose fibers and the extraction and purification of cellulose pulp that is further processed into manmade cellulosic fibers. Scalability of experimental results at the laboratory or pilot level is a major barrier, so it is critical to develop closed-loop processes, apply standardization protocols, and conduct life cycle assessments and techno-economic analyses to facilitate large-scale implementation.
Humidity Sensing Using Polymers: A Critical Review of Current Technologies and Emerging Trends
Authors: Qian Jintian , Tan Ruiqin , Feng Mingxia , Shen Wenfeng , Lv Dawu , Song Weijie
Published: November 2024

In the post-pandemic era, human demand for a healthy lifestyle and a smart society has surged, leading to vibrant growth in the field of flexible electronic sensor technology for health monitoring. Flexible polymer humidity sensors are not only capable of the real-time monitoring of human respiration and skin moisture information but also serve as a non-contact human–machine interaction method. In addition, the development of moist-electric generation technology is expected to break free from the traditional reliance of flexible electronic devices on power equipment, which is of significant importance for the miniaturization, reliability, and environmentally friendly development of flexible devices. Currently, flexible polymer humidity sensors are playing a significant role in the field of wearable electronic devices and thus have attracted considerable attention. This review begins by introducing the structural types and working principles of various humidity sensors, including the types of capacitive, impedance/resistive, frequency-based, fiber optic, and voltage-based sensors. It mainly focuses on the latest research advancements in flexible polymer humidity sensors, particularly in the modification of humidity-sensitive materials, sensor fabrication, and hygrosensitivity mechanisms. Studies on material composites including different types of polymers, polymers combined with porous nanostructured materials, polymers combined with metal oxides, and two-dimensional materials are reviewed, along with a comparative summary of the fabrication and performance mechanisms of related devices. This paper concludes with a discussion on the current challenges and opportunities faced by flexible polymer humidity sensors, providing new research perspectives for their future development.
Metal–Organic Framework-Derived CeO2/Gold Nanospheres in a Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Uric Acid Quantification in Milk
Authors: Ognjanović Miloš , Marković Milena , Girman Vladimír , Nikolić Vladimir , Vranješ-Đurić Sanja , Stanković Dalibor M. , Petković Branka B.
Published: November 2024

In this work, CeBTC (a cerium(III) 1,3,5-benzene-tricarboxylate), was used as a precursor for obtaining CeO2 nanoparticles (nanoceria) with better sensor performances than CeO2 nanoparticles synthesized by the solvothermal method. Metal–organic framework-derived nanoceria (MOFdNC) were functionalized with spheric gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to further improve non-enzymatic electrode material for highly sensitive detection of prominent biocompound uric acid (UA) at this modified carbon paste electrode (MOFdNC/AuNPs&CPE). X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were used for morphological structure characterization of the obtained nanostructures. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, both in an [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox system and uric acid standard solutions, were used for the characterization of material electrocatalytic performances, the selection of optimal electrode modifier, and the estimation of nature and kinetic parameters of the electrode process. Square-wave voltammetry (SWV) was chosen, and the optimal parameters of technique and experimental conditions were established for determining uric acid over MOFdNC/AuNPs&CPE. Together with the development of the sensor, the detection procedure was optimized with the following analytical parameters: linear operating ranges of 0.05 to 1 µM and 1 to 50 µM and a detection limit of 0.011 µM, with outstanding repeatability, reproducibility, and stability of the sensor surface. Anti-interference experiments yielded a stable and nearly unchanged current response with negligible or no change in peak potential. After minor sample pretreatment, the proposed electrode was successfully applied for the quantification of UA in milk.
Caring Under Pressure: Investigating Parental Attitudes in Mother–Child Chronic Illness Dynamics
Authors: Celik Melda , Altinel Acoglu Esma , Aydin Beril , Isiyel Emel , Yalcin Siddika Songul
Published: November 2024

Background: The presence of chronic illnesses in both a mother and a child poses a significant challenge for mothers in managing these conditions, yet how maternal attitudes adapt to dual illness remains poorly understood. This study aims to explore parenting styles in families dealing with mother–child chronic illnesses. Methods: Mothers of children aged 2–6 were recruited from three pediatric clinics and categorized based on the health status of both the mother and the child. Data collection included case files and the Parental Attitude Scale (PAS), which assessed democratic, authoritarian, overprotective, and permissive attitudes. The interaction between mother–child health status and higher levels of parental subscales was analyzed using the chi-square test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then performed to evaluate this interaction, controlling for confounding baseline characteristics. Results: In total, 878 mother–child pairs were included. Mothers exhibited varying attitudes based on education, employment, and the child’s age. Chronic illness in both mother and child and only the child having an illness were significantly associated with higher overprotective scores (p < 0.001). The percentage of mothers with high permissive scores was higher when only the mother had an illness and when both were healthy, compared to the case of both mother and child having an illness (p = 0.018). After adjusting for confounding factors, having a sick child showed a 1.6-fold increase in the likelihood of a high overprotective score, and both the mother and child having an illness showed a 2.94-fold increase. Similarly, after adjusting for the same confounding factors, the likelihood of a high permissive score was 2.56 times lower when both were ill compared to when both were healthy. Conclusions: This study reveals that when a child is affected by a chronic illness—whether or not the mother is also ill—mothers tend to exhibit higher levels of overprotection and lower levels of permissiveness, while their levels of authoritarianism and democratic attitudes in parenting remain relatively stable.
Utilization and Evaluation of Ethics Consultation Services in Neonatal Intensive Care
Authors: Göbert Pia , Blanckenburg Pia von , Maier Rolf F. , Seifart Carola
Published: November 2024

Background: The opportunities of perinatal medicine have improved, but this has also been accompanied by increasing ethical challenges. Clinical ethics consultation services (CEC) could support medical teams facing these. However, nothing is currently known about the availability, utilization and evaluation of CEC in German neonatology units. Methods: This study was designed as a national, descriptive, mixed quantitative–qualitative questionnaire study. The head physicians of the pediatric departments and the heads (medical and nursing) of the corresponding neonatal intensive care units of the 213 German perinatal centers were asked to participate. Results: Ninety percent of the respondents (responding rate 24.4–38.0%) stated that CEC are established and available. However, utilization is rather low [rarely N = 40 (54.1%), never N = 12, (16.2%), occasionally N = 19 (25.7%)], although it was rated as very helpful. There was a significant correlation between utilization and perceived general usefulness (r = 0.224, p = 0.033) and support (r = 0.41, p < 0.001); whereas evaluations differed significantly between professional groups (t = −2.298, p = 0.23, Cohen’s d = 0.42). Conclusions: The contradiction between the low utilization despite positive evaluations could be related to perceived hurdles. These and the different perceptions within the professional groups give rise to the consideration of whether alternative approaches, e.g., liaison services, would be preferable in neonatology.
Exploring the Effects of Greenhouse Gases and Particulate Emissions on Quality of Life: A Country-Level Empirical Study
Authors: Zhang Dongli , Raghupathi Wullianallur , Raghupathi Viju
Published: November 2024

This study explores the relationship between greenhouse gases (GHGs) and particulate emissions and quality of life. The aim is to understand how emissions affect quality of life globally—across countries, regions, and the global population. Statistical methods were used to examine the impact of various emissions’ indicators on different aspects of quality of life. The study highlights the urgent need for climate change action and encourages policymakers to take strategic steps. Climate change adversely affects numerous aspects of daily life, leading to significant consequences that must be addressed through policy changes and global governance recommendations. Key findings include that higher CO2 and methane emissions and air pollution negatively impact quality of life. CO2 emissions are positively associated with electricity while air pollution is positively associated with GDP and negatively with unemployment. Air pollution has an adverse effect on all three aspects of the children’s welfare dimension of quality of life. These results provide timely and convincing insights for policy- and decision-making aimed at mitigating the impact of emissions on quality of life.
Clinical Bioenergetics: Understanding the Interplay Between Energy Metabolism and Human Health
Authors: Ostojic Sergej M.
Published: November 2024

Mitochondrial energy deficits have emerged as a critical factor in various clinical conditions, including inherited metabolic disorders, intoxications, cardiometabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer [...]
Effect of the Activator Type on the Microstructure and Properties of the Vanadizing Layer on the Surface of GCr15 Steel
Authors: Meng Lingyao , Jiang Depeng , Pang Ningning , Li Ming , Shang Jian
Published: November 2024

This research aims to replace the activator NH4Cl in a vanadizing agent and reduce air pollution and harm to the human body. This study adopts powder pack cementation to prepare the vanadizing layer on the surface of GCr15 steel, focusing on the influence of the activator types (NH4Cl, CuCl, CuCl+Cr powder, and CuCl+Ni powder) on the structure and properties of the vanadizing layer on the surface of GCr15 steel. The results show that the vanadizing layer is prepared on the surface of GCr15 steel with different activators and that they are closely bonded to the matrix. The main phase composition of the vanadizing layer is VCx, and it has a preferred orientation on the (111) crystal surface. When the type of activator is NH4Cl, the prepared vanadizing layer has a lower friction factor. When the activator type is CuCl+Cr powder, the prepared vanadizing layer has less inclusions, the thickness of the vanadizing layer is the highest at 10.87 μm, and the hardness is the highest at 2331.7HV. Considering the thickness of the layer, the hardness, and the wear resistance, the best performance of the vanadizing layer was obtained when the activators were CuCl+Cr powder.
Serrated Flow Behavior in Commercial 5019 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Dryzek Ewa , Wróbel Mirosław , Dymek Stanisław , Kopyściański Mateusz , Uliasz Piotr , Wokurka Piotr
Published: November 2024

Serrated flow effects are visible on a metal surface even after coating. Thus, they are undesirable to manufacturers and product users. To meet the expectations of the industry, research on the conditions for serrated flow occurrence in 5019 aluminum alloy was carried out and the results were collected in the current paper. Thus, the influence of the alloy initial microstructure due to different tempers as well as plastic deformation conditions, i.e., strain rate and temperature, on the alloy stress–strain behavior was determined. Two tempers were considered: the as-fabricated F-temper and the W-temper (i.e., quenched in water after annealing at 500 °C). The synergic influence of these tempers and their tensile test conditions on the serration behavior of the stress–strain curves, i.e., the stress drop and reloading time, were also determined and categorized. Structural and X-ray diffraction studies rationalized the stress–strain characteristics according to dynamic strain aging models with positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy providing insight into the role of lattice defects (i.e., dislocations and vacancies). The map of the serrated flow domain allowed us to obtain the activation energy of the onset of the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect equal to 56 kJ/mol. It is close to the activation energy for the pipe diffusion mechanism, obtained by applying the model formulated originally for Type B stress serration.
Artificial Neural Network Model to Predict the Exportation of Traditional Products of Colombia
Authors: Gómez Andrea C. , Bejarano Lilian A. , Espitia Helbert E.
Published: November 2024

This article develops the design, training, and validation of a computational model to predict the exportation of traditional Colombian products using artificial neural networks. This work aims to obtain a model using a single multilayer neural network. The number of historical input data (delays), the number of layers, and the number of neurons were considered for the neural network design. In this way, an experimental design of 64 configurations of the neural network was performed. The main arduousness addressed in this work is the significant difference (in tons) in the values of the considered products. The results show the effect that occurs due to the different range values, and one of the proposals made allows this limitation to be handled appropriately. In summary, this work seeks to provide essential information for formulating a model for efficient and practical application.
Magnetization Plateaus by the Field-Induced Partitioning of Spin Lattices
Authors: Whangbo Myung-Hwan , Koo Hyun-Joo , Kremer Reinhard K. , Vasiliev Alexander N.
Published: November 2024

To search for a conceptual picture describing the magnetization plateau phenomenon, we surveyed the crystal structures and the spin lattices of those magnets exhibiting plateaus in their magnetization vs. magnetic field curves by probing the three questions: (a) why only certain magnets exhibit magnetization plateaus, (b) why there occur several different types of magnetization plateaus, and (c) what controls the widths of magnetization plateaus. We show that the answers to these questions lie in how the magnets under field absorb Zeeman energy, hence changing their magnetic structures. The magnetic structure of a magnet insulator is commonly described in terms of its spin lattice, which requires the determination of the spin exchanges’ nonnegligible strengths between the magnetic ions. Our work strongly suggests that a magnet under the magnetic field partitions its spin lattice into antiferromagnetic (AFM) or ferrimagnetic fragments by breaking its weak magnetic bonds. Our supposition of the field-induced partitioning of spin lattices into magnetic fragments is supported by the anisotropic magnetization plateaus of Ising magnets and by the highly anisotropic width of the 1/3-magnetization plateau in azurite. The answers to the three questions (a)–(c) emerge naturally by analyzing how these fragments are formed under the magnetic field.
Ergonomics in Bicycle Saddle Design: Application of TRIZ Innovation System Method with IPA-Kano Model Validation
Authors: Yao Kai-Chao , Chang Ya-Nan , Chen Li-Yun , Li Kuo-Yi , Xu Jing-Ran , Ho Wei-Sho , Huang Wei-Lun , Chung Cheng-Yang , Chen Yao-Ting
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the innovative design of a bicycle saddle by incorporating sustainable ergonomics, universal design principles, and systematic innovation methods. Initially, the literature related to bicycle saddle design and its impact on the human body during riding was analyzed. The TRIZ contradiction matrix was then used to identify relevant invention principles, which served as references for the innovative design of the bicycle saddle. Biomechanics and the human–machine system analysis within human factors engineering were applied to ensure the innovative design is ergonomic and user-friendly. The design features a horizontally expandable and foldable bicycle saddle, enhancing its adaptability and sustainability. Universal design principles were applied to make the innovative design more accessible to the general public, and the prototype was simulated using Inventor drawing software. The research results include: (1) An innovative bicycle saddle design with horizontal expansion and folding functions is proposed. This design divides the saddle into three components, enabling the left and right parts to expand or retract based on user preferences. (2) A bicycle backrest design featuring vertical adjustability is introduced. It incorporates a quick-release adjustment mechanism at the junction of the backrest and saddle, allowing users to freely adjust the backrest height. (3) A quick-operation bicycle saddle design is presented, utilizing quick-release screws to facilitate the swift operation of the horizontal expansion and folding mechanisms. This validation method confirmed that the innovative design meets both sustainable ergonomic standards and user expectations. The systematic innovation approach used in this study can serve as a valuable reference for future research and design applications.
Bone Mineral Density, C-Terminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen, and Osteocalcin as Monitoring Parameters of Bone Remodeling in CML Patients Undergoing Imatinib Therapy: A Basic Science and Clinical Review
Authors: Indarwulan Nurita , Savitri Merlyna , Ashariati Ami , Bintoro Siprianus Ugroseno Yudho , Diansyah Muhammad Noor , Amrita Putu Niken Ayu , Romadhon Pradana Zaky
Published: November 2024

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is one of the most commonly found types of myeloproliferative neoplasms, characterized by increased proliferation of granulocytic cells without losing their differentiation ability. Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), can be effectively used as therapy for CML. However, Imatinib can affect bone turnover thus having clinical implications on the bones of CML patients undergoing long-term Imatinib therapy. However, parameters that can accurately describe the bone condition in CML patients receiving Imatinib still need further study. A combination of imaging techniques such as bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover activity markers such as C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) and osteocalcin has the potential to be used as monitoring parameters for bone density abnormalities in CML patients receiving Imatinib. Objectives: This article explains the rationale for using BMD, CTX-1, and osteocalcin as monitoring parameters of bone remodeling in CML patients receiving Imatinib. Results: First, the physiological process of bone turnover will be explained. Then, we describe the role of tyrosine kinase in bone metabolism. Next, the impact of Imatinib on BMD, CTX-1, and osteocalcin will be explained. Conclusion: The assessment of bone health of CML patients on Imatinib should include both BMD tests and bone turnover marker assays such as CTX-1 and osteocalcin.
Association Between the rs13306703 and rs8192288 Variants of the SOD3 Gene and Breast Cancer and an In Silico Analysis of the Variants’ Impact
Authors: Gallegos-Arreola Martha Patricia , Garibaldi-Ríos Asbiel Felipe , Magaña-Torres María Teresa , Figuera Luis E. , Gómez-Meda Belinda Claudia , Zúñiga-González Guillermo Moisés , Puebla-Pérez Ana María , Carrillo-Dávila Irving Alejandro , Rosales-Reynoso Mónica Alejandra , Dávalos-Rodríguez Ingrid Patricia , Delgado-Saucedo Jorge I. , López-Monroy Marco Uriel
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This study investigated the association between the rs13306703 and rs8192288 variants of the superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) gene and breast cancer (BC) in the Mexican population, conducting both genetic and in silico analyses. Methods: 357 healthy women and 386 BC patients were studied using TaqMan assays, qPCR, and RFLP-PCR. Results: The TT genotype and a recessive pattern of these variants were risk factors for BC (p < 0.05). Specifically, the TT genotype of rs13306703 was associated with metastatic lymph nodes, tumor progression (III–IV), luminal A, nonresponse to chemotherapy, and ki-67 ≥ 20% with diabetes mellitus (DM). Meanwhile, the GT genotype of rs8192288 was associated with menopause, luminal A, tumor progression (III–IV), ki-67 ≥ 20%, and a positive estrogen receptor with nonresponse to chemotherapy. Additionally, the TT genotype combined with DM was identified as a BC risk factor (p < 0.05). The TT haplotype was also found to be a risk factor for BC. In silico analysis suggested that these variants might influence SOD3 regulation by affecting transcription factors and active enhancer sites. Conclusions: The rs13306703 and rs8192288 variants of the SOD3 gene were associated with an increased risk of BC and may alter SOD3 regulation through effects on transcription factors, active enhancers, and transcription start sites, with modified motifs in breast epithelium cells.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases: From Basic Concepts to Future Prospective
Authors: Nevoit Ganna , Jarusevicius Gediminas , Potyazhenko Maksim , Mintser Ozar , Bumblyte Inga Arune , Vainoras Alfonsas
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a very important medical problem. The key role of mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) in the occurrence and progression of NCDs has been proven. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of MD itself in many NCDs has not yet been clarified, which makes it one of the most serious medical problems in the modern world, according to many scientists. Methods: An extensive research in the literature was implemented in order to elucidate the role of MD and NCDs’ risk factors in the pathogenesis of NCDs. Results: The authors propose to take a broader look at the problem of the pathogenesis of NCDs. It is important to understand exactly how NCD risk factors lead to MD. The review is structured in such a way as to answer this question. Based on a systematic analysis of scientific data, a theoretical concept of modern views on the occurrence of MD under the influence of risk factors for the occurrence of NCDs is presented. This was done in order to update MD issues in clinical medicine. MD and NCDs progress throughout a patient’s life. Based on this, the review raised the question of the existence of an NCDs continuum. Conclusions: MD is a universal mechanism that causes organ dysfunction and comorbidity of NCDs. Prevention of MD involves diagnosing and eliminating the factors that cause it. Mitochondria are an important therapeutic target.
Impact of Adverse Weather and Image Distortions on Vision-Based UAV Detection: A Performance Evaluation of Deep Learning Models
Authors: Munir Adnan , Siddiqui Abdul Jabbar , Anwar Saeed , El-Maleh Aiman , Khan Ayaz H. , Rehman Aqsa
Published: November 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection in real-time is a challenging task despite the advances in computer vision and deep learning techniques. The increasing use of UAVs in numerous applications has generated worries about possible risks and misuse. Although vision-based UAV detection methods have been proposed in recent years, a standing open challenge and overlooked issue is that of adverse weather. This work is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to investigate the impact of adverse weather conditions and image distortions on vision-based UAV detection methods. To achieve this, a custom training dataset was curated with images containing a variety of UAVs in diverse complex backgrounds. In addition, this work develops a first-of-its-kind dataset, to the best of our knowledge, with UAV-containing images affected by adverse conditions. Based on the proposed datasets, a comprehensive benchmarking study is conducted to evaluate the impact of adverse weather and image distortions on the performance of popular object detection methods such as YOLOv5, YOLOv8, Faster-RCNN, RetinaNet, and YOLO-NAS. The experimental results reveal the weaknesses of the studied models and the performance degradation due to adverse weather, highlighting avenues for future improvement. The results show that even the best UAV detection model’s performance degrades in mean average precision (mAP) by −50.62 points in torrential rain conditions, by −52.40 points in high noise conditions, and by −77.0 points in high motion blur conditions. To increase the selected models’ resilience, we propose and evaluate a strategy to enhance the training of the selected models by introducing weather effects in the training images. For example, the YOLOv5 model with the proposed enhancement strategy gained +35.4, +39.3, and +44.9 points higher mAP in severe rain, noise, and motion blur conditions respectively. The findings presented in this work highlight the advantages of considering adverse weather conditions during model training and underscore the significance of data enrichment for improving model generalization. The work also accentuates the need for further research into advanced techniques and architectures to ensure more reliable UAV detection under extreme weather conditions and image distortions.
Mapping Invasive Species Pedicularis and Background Grassland Using UAV and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Zhao Jin , Li Kaihui , Zhang Jiarong , Liu Yanyan , Li Xuan
Published: November 2024

The rapid spread of invasive plants presents significant challenges for the management of grasslands. Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer a promising solution for fast and efficient monitoring, although the optimal methodologies require further refinement. The objective of this research was to establish a rapid, repeatable, and cost-effective computer-assisted method for extracting Pedicularis kansuensis (P. kansuensis), an invasive plant species. To achieve this goal, an investigation was conducted into how different backgrounds (swamp meadow, alpine steppe, land cover) impact the detection of plant invaders in the Bayanbuluk grassland in Xinjiang using Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) with three feature combinations: spectral band, vegetation index (VI), and spectral band + VI. The results indicate that all three feature combinations achieved an overall accuracy ranging from 0.77 to 0.95. Among the three models, XGBoost demonstrates the highest accuracy, followed by Random Forest (RF), while Support Vector Machine (SVM) exhibits the lowest accuracy. The most significant feature bands for the three field plots, as well as the invasive species and land cover, were concentrated at 750 nm, 550 nm, and 660 nm. It was found that the green band proved to be the most influential for improving invasive plant extraction while the red edge 750 nm band ranked highest for overall classification accuracy among these feature combinations. The results demonstrate that P. kansuensis is highly distinguishable from co-occurring native grass species, with accuracies ranging from 0.9 to 1, except for SVM with six spectral bands, indicating high spectral variability between its flowers and those of co-occurring native background species.
Determinants of the Blue Economy Growth in the Era of Sustainability: A Case Study of Indonesia
Authors: Marwa Taufiq , Muizzuddin  , Bashir Abdul , Andaiyani Sri , Cahyadi Afriyadi
Published: November 2024

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent a fundamental global commitment to addressing a wide range of socio-economic and environmental challenges. A key component of these goals is the commitment to ocean sustainability, encapsulated in the concept of the blue economy. The blue economy, emerging in an era characterized by intricate dynamics and openness to transformation, is influenced by various determinants. This study utilizes panel data analysis and the pooled least squares method to investigate the factors influencing the share of the blue economy in the archipelagic provinces of Indonesia from 2012 to 2021. With its vast maritime territory and numerous islands, Indonesia provides a highly relevant context for examining these dynamics. The empirical results indicate that information and communication technology (ICT), fisheries capture, and aquaculture production positively impact the blue economy’s share. Conversely, trade openness and electricity consumption exhibit a negative relationship with the blue economy’s share. Moreover, the analysis reveals that investment does not have a significant effect on the blue economy’s share. These findings underscore the critical importance of developing robust infrastructure and implementing stringent regulatory oversight on fishery product trade to enhance sustainable growth within the blue economy framework.
Monitoring Metacognitive Strategies Use During Interaction Collaborative Groups
Authors: Sáiz-Manzanares María Consuelo , Martin Caroline , González-Díez Irene , Jiménez Eguizábal Alfredo , Calvo Rodríguez Alberto , Vázquez Carmen Varela , Almeida Leandro S. , Velasco Saiz Rut
Published: November 2024

This study of the use of metacognitive strategies during learning interaction in collaborative groups is considered referential for understanding the development of such strategies. The use of metacognitive strategies is related to better learning outcomes. We monitored the interaction in five collaborative groups at three points in time (initial, intermediate and final). These groups consisted of undergraduate health science (n = 9) and biomedical engineering students (n = 10). The aims were the following: (1) To check whether there were significant differences in the use of metacognitive strategies between the groups of students monitored depending on the type of degree or the point in time measurement. (2) To test whether there were significant differences in students’ learning outcomes depending on whether or not they had participated in the interaction monitoring during collaborative interaction. (3) To test clustering without a pre-assignment variable against learning outcomes in collaborative groups. Significant differences were detected in the use of some of the metacognitive strategies of orientation, planning and elaboration in favor of the collaborative groups of the biomedical engineering students. Also, students who participated in monitoring collaborative groups in both clusters obtained better learning outcomes. Lastly, the assignment groups were exactly related to the collaboration groups with respect to the use of metacognitive strategies in the final measurement.
Middle-Level Teacher Development and Identity: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Andrews P. Gayle , Wright Alyson Leigh
Published: November 2024

Historically, the field of middle-level education has taken it as a given that teachers of young adolescents should be specially prepared to teach in the middle grades, developing a teacher identity that centers around responding to and advocating for the age group above an identity as a subject area teacher. Defined broadly as teachers’ dynamic conceptualizations of themselves as educators and their related roles, decisions, and actions, teacher professional identity has garnered considerable attention in the research literature as a potential source of leverage in multiple dimensions of schooling, preservice teacher education and in-service teachers’ professional learning, and teachers’ professional lives. Teacher identity at the middle level is ideally grounded in a deep commitment to helping young adolescents realize their power and possibilities. While the literature on teacher identity development is well-established in some educational contexts, studies specifically examining the potentially unique developmental trajectory of teacher identity among middle-level educators remain limited. To address this gap, we conducted a review of the literature to address the question: what does the research say about middle-level teacher development and identity? Our review identified 26 relevant sources on middle-level teacher development and identity, published from 2015 through the first half of 2024, and yielded key ideas within three themes: (a) the development of teacher identity, (b) the intersectionality of teacher identity, and (c) critical consciousness, agency, and teacher identity. This review identifies both progress and gaps in the current literature, recognizes potential future directions for research on middle-level teacher identity, and offers possible implications for preservice and in-service middle-level teacher education.
The Role of Critical Pedagogies in Early Childhood Education to Create Pathways into STEM for Racially Minoritized Communities
Authors: Alvidrez Mariana , Rivera Jessica , Diaz Marisol
Published: November 2024

This longitudinal study examines the long-term impact of critical pedagogy on the academic and social development of students from a marginalized Mexican American borderland community, with a specific focus on their trajectories in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. Drawing on in-depth interviews with three students who participated in a critical pedagogical approach during their formative elementary years, this case study explores how power, agency, and curiosity were cultivated in the classroom and how these elements influenced the students’ pursuit of higher education and careers in STEM ten years later. The findings reveal that an equitable distribution of power and the fostering of student agency through critical-based pedagogies empowered students to engage critically with their learning and to challenge systemic barriers. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of early curiosity in sustaining students’ interest in STEM, despite encountering obstacles in higher education environments dominated by market-driven influences. By situating this research within the broader context of critical pedagogy and its emphasis on social justice, the study underscores the transformative potential of education in shaping the futures of minoritized students in STEM disciplines.
Modeling Teachers’ Acceptance of Generative Artificial Intelligence Use in Higher Education: The Role of AI Literacy, Intelligent TPACK, and Perceived Trust
Authors: Al-Abdullatif Ahlam Mohammed
Published: November 2024

This study delves into the factors that drive teachers’ adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) technologies in higher education. Anchored by the technology acceptance model (TAM), the research expands its inquiry by integrating the constructs of intelligent technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), AI literacy, and perceived trust. Data were gathered from a sample of 237 university teachers through a structured questionnaire. The study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the relationships among the constructs. The results revealed that both AI literacy and perceived ease were the most influential factors affecting teachers’ acceptance of GenAI. Notably, intelligent TPACK and perceived trust were found to be pivotal mediators in this relationship. The findings underscore the importance of fostering AI literacy and adapting intelligent TPACK frameworks to better equip educators in the age of AI. Furthermore, there is a clear need for targeted professional development initiatives focusing on practical training that enhances AI literacy. These programs should provide hands-on experience with GenAI tools, boosting educators’ confidence and ability to integrate them into their teaching practices.