bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of two-axis translation stage control system based on STC8A8K64S4A12
Authors: Shi Jiashun , Chen Jin , Qi Wen , Shen Huizhong
Published: February 2020

Based on STC8A8K64S4A12 microcontroller and LabVIEW[1] software, the two-axis translation stage control system is designed. The two-axis translation stage is applied to a plane plotter, and the two rails are placed at right angles to form a horizontal motion mechanism. The two-axis controller consists of STC8A8K64S4A12 microcontroller control board and TMC5160 stepper motor driver[2], which realizes independent control of the two-axis translation stage. At the same time, PC software is designed, which can be connected to the two-axis controller through network interface or serial communication interface. The two-axis translation stage is controlled by a PC or a laptop. Repeated test experiments were carried out on the system. The experimental results show that the system has high reliability and control precision, and the horizontal displacement control accuracy is 0.01 mm.
Design of a CMOS Two-stage Fully Differential Operation Amplifier
Authors: Qiao Haotian
Published: February 2020

Based on SMIC 0.18um CMOS process model, the operation amplifier designed in the thesis is simulated in the simulation software Cadence. In the regular environment, it has DC gain of 107dB, unity gain bandwidth of 57.48MHz, phase margin of 64.83° and output amplitude more than 3 V.
Review of Lithium Battery Equalization Control Methods
Authors: Song Dawei , Shi Fengdong , Liu Wei
Published: February 2020

The high performance of power battery pack is used in the field of electric vehicles widely. With the continuous improvement of the cruising range, the energy imbalance of the power battery has become a limiting factor. This paper analyses and introduces the power battery equalization circuit. According to different circuit topologies, they are divided into two categories: Energy dissipative and non-energy dissipative. We Focused on the analysis of the working principle, advantages and disadvantages of the non-capacity dissipative equalization structure. Finally, this work summarizes the application and development direction of the power battery equalization control in recent years.
Modular Multi-terminal Flexible DC Micro-grid and Its Hierarchical Control Method
Authors: Liu Xiangli , Meng Fanbin , Song Wenzhuo , Guo Furan , Yu Xiaoying
Published: February 2020

In the traditional DC micro-grid, the structure is complex, the control is difficult and there is no fixed networking mode. Thus the construction of micro-grid is expensive and the output is slow. In this paper, a hierarchical control method of modular multi-terminal flexible DC micro-grid is proposed, which simplifies the structure and control method of DC micro-grid and is beneficial to the construction of micro-grid. The structure of flexible multi-terminal DC micro-grid and the modularized method of network construction are discussed. The feasibility of the study is confirmed by a specific example of DC micro-grid. On the basis of the above research, the hierarchical control method of DC micro-grid, the specific control method and control logic in each layer are determined. PSCAD/EMTDC simulation is established to verify the effectiveness of the proposed theory and control method.
The wear characteristics of wet clutches in the DSG vehicle in a 10km driving cycle
Authors: Jikai Liu , Jie Chen
Published: February 2020

In order to investigate the wear characteristics of wet clutches in the DSG vehicle during shift process, this paper presents a dynamic analytical model and an experimental test of wet friction pair for simulation and analysis. A detailed dynamic model is established firstly to calculate the dynamic load of the clutches during the shift process. The wet friction pair experiment is conducted to explore the wear behaviours under different conditions. Then, the wear coefficient is deduced. The experimental results indicate that, when the temperature is constant, the slipping speed has little influence on the wear coefficient, while the contact pressure is on the contrary. Then, an empirical formula is obtained to describe the relationship between the wear coefficient and the contact pressure. Based on the simulation results, the wear amount of the clutches fixed on the input shaft is about 0.8mg, while for clutches on the middle shaft, it is only 0.2mg within a 10km driving cycle.
Multiclass Fruit Packing System Based on Computer Vision
Authors: Lin Zenan , Shao Juanjuan , Zhang Xinzheng , Deng Xinyue , Zheng Tian
Published: February 2020

The traditional human-based fruit packing method is inefficient and costly. In response to the requirement of packing multiple fruits automatically in the present market, a multiclass fruit packing system based on computer vision is designed. Firstly, the image acquisition module captures images and passes them to the recognition module, which converts the RGB space of the image to the HSV color space and extracts the H and S components. Secondly, by using the morphological method to process the target areas, the class, size and position of the fruit are calculated. Finally, in the fruit packing control module, the manipulator automatically grasps different kinds of fruits into the different packing boxes according to the recognition results. The experimental results show that the accuracy of recognition is 93.73 %, the average recognition time of each image is 0.0402s. The accuracy of packing is 95.67% and the injury rate of fruit is 1.67%, which lay the foundation for fully automatic production of fruit.
Design of A Planetary Gear Mechanism of A Seven-speed Automatic Transmission Based on the Lever Method
Authors: Fan Yi
Published: February 2020

The existing six-speed automatic transmission of Toyota AB60E has the shortcomings of large number of transmission actuators and complicated structure. The paper first uses the lever method to analyze the lever diagram of each gear of the transmission. And then, based on the six-speed automatic transmission of Toyota AB60E, a new seven-speed automatic transmission is designed. The lever method is used to analyze the speed of each component of the newly designed one and the relative speed of its shift actuators and planetary gears. Finally, the external torque of the device and the internal torque of each component are calculated. The results show that, with the same structure parameters of the planetary row, the number of shift actuators of the new transmission decreases to 6 and the gears increase to 7. The transmission ratio between gears is closer, and the overall performance is better than that of the transmission of AB60E. The automatic transmission of planetary gears can be designed quickly by the lever method, and the kinematics and dynamics analysis can be carried out.
On-line Monitoring System for Dielectric Loss of Capacitive Bushing Considering Harmonic Effects
Authors: Mao Ting , Niu Zheng , Mu Ka , Ma JiXian , Wang YongQiang , Fang Sen
Published: February 2020

The existence of harmonic waves may cause some errors during measurement of dielectric loss, thus hindering accurate evaluation of insulation. By taking the influence caused by harmonic waves into consideration, this article introduces an approach which may achieve higher accuracy in the calculation of dielectric loss. Calculation results show that harmonic components and orders of harmonic waves may have big impact on dielectric loss. This article also develops a dielectric loss on-line monitoring system based on bus, which can fulfill tasks including signal conditioning, data acquisition and conversion, upper computer communication and data transmission. This system uses A/D conversion controlled by industrial computer to implement remote communication and synchronous sampling of harmonic waves and is able to able to improve accuracy of dielectric loss under the influence of high order harmonics, therefore, make accurate on-line evaluation of equipment’s insulative conditions.
Research on Design of Asynchronous Motor Flux Observer Considering Iron Loss
Authors: Li Yaoheng , Gai Jiangtao , Zhou Guangming , Han Zhengda
Published: February 2020

With the increasing importance of energy conservation emission reduction, the research about how to improve the operating efficiency of asynchronous motor has become a hot topic in the field of high-performance transmission. Among many efficiency optimization algorithms, the control method based on loss model (LMC) is widely concerned because of its clear physical meaning and fast optimization speed. The core of LMC is to ensure that the instruction of optimized flux can be accurately controlled which can realize the complete decoupling of the torque and flux in the FOC. Based on the model of asynchronous motor considering iron loss, the paper deduces the flux expression of asynchronous motor and proposes an improved flux observer. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified by simulation and experiment.
Research on Equipment Optimization Configuration Method of Distributed Integrated Energy System Considering Reliability
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Chang , Li Xuxia , Wang Yao , Liang Yan , Hu Yingying , Li Jia , Liu Hongli , Zheng Xiaoming
Published: February 2020

In order to meet the requirements of economy and reliability, based on the traditional optimization method of equipment allocation only aiming at the optimization of economy, this paper selects two points of integrated demand response and distributed integrated energy system reliability evaluation to participate in the construction of DIES equipment optimization configuration model.
The acceleration effect of different stress conditions on the accelerated life test of LED driver
Authors: Liang Jinhua , Xu Haiping , Gong Chen , Mu Yajie
Published: February 2020

LED driver is the key component of LED lighting system, the damage of the driver will cause the failure of the whole lamp, but there is no specific test method for accelerated life test of LED driver at the system level. In order to study the acceleration effect of different stress conditions, research on the principle of LED driver, select different stress application conditions according to different electrical topology. In order to ensure that the stress does not affect the normal operation of the driver, and the failure mode or failure mechanism will not be changed, it is necessary to carry out the limit stress test before designing the test scheme. The results show that the acceleration effect is significant under the condition of constant temperature humidity or constant temperature humidity voltage compound stress, moreover, the acceleration effect is not obvious under the condition of single constant temperature or constant humidity temperature cyclic stress. The accelerated life model of LED driver is established, and the linear fitting is carried out by Weibull distribution and least square method, the variable parameters in the model are derived from the experimental data, and the accelerated life test method will be further studied.
Design of Intelligent Monitoring System for Knee Joint
Authors: Zhao Zhongjin , Que Dashun , Jiang Dinglin , Shi Guozheng
Published: February 2020

Combined with physical modelling, motion capture and microprocessor technology, a human knee joint intelligent monitoring system based on nine-axis attitude angle sensor WT901 is developed. The overall design of the system and its hardware and software design are completed. The system adopts STM32 to improve the practicability of the system, use App to enhance the human-computer interaction capability. The results of the system tests indicate that the system realized accurate measurement of knee-bending angle and pressure. In addition, the system can also warn of sports posture errors and knee fatigue, and it is wearable and has low energy consumption.
Trajectory Tracking Control for Double-steering Automated Guided Vehicle Based on Model Predictive Control
Authors: Qi Jiahui , Wu Yaohua
Published: February 2020

In order to solve the trajectory tracking control problem of double-steering automated guided vehicle (AGV), considering various constraints in practical work, a trajectory tracking controller based on model predictive control is designed. Firstly, the kinematic model of double-steering AGV is established. Then, a trajectory tracking model based on model predictive control is designed to achieve fast and accurate tracking performance. Finally, the influence of the predicted time-domain length on the system performance is analyzed by simulation, and the simulation experiment is compared with that of the AGV based on the proportional integral differential trajectory tracking controller. The experiment result shows that the model predictive controller can meet all kinds of constraints in actual work, and complete the tracking of the continuous high curvature target path efficiently and accurately in real-time with high robustness.
Research on IEEE 1588 Clock Synchronization Error Correction Algorithm Based on Kalman Filter
Authors: Ju Rongbin , Wang Rongmao , Yu Peng , Chen Rong , Wang Shunjiang , Wang Guangfu
Published: February 2020

In order to reduce the influence of network transmission jitter error on IEEE1588 time synchronization protocol and improve the accuracy of network timing, this paper studies the principle of IEEE1588 protocol. Then the Kalman smoothing filter correction algorithm is proposed. Firstly, according to the transmission mode of IEEE 1588 message, several factors affecting the synchronization accuracy are analyzed, and the noise model is introduced. The synchronization error is compensated by Kalman filter algorithm. Finally, the simulation comparison proves that this algorithm can greatly improve the accuracy of network pairs.
Research on Battery Charging and Discharging Control Strategy Based on AGC Scheduling
Authors: Wei Guangyu , Wang Qiang , Hou Li
Published: February 2020

In this paper, a battery charging and discharging method for AGC scheduling is described. For the practical consideration of the northern region, due to the lack of abundant hydropower resources, it is greatly affected by the temperature in winter and can only be used as a fine-tuning function, so the hydropower effect during the heating period in winter is not considered. Thermal power and battery energy storage devices are established to participate in the AGC scheduling system. The system state is mainly divided into four control states: conventional power supply control state, battery discharge state, battery charging state, and clean energy control state. The working area is judged on the premise that all new energy is connected to the network, and the limit control strategy is used. The lower limit of output of thermal power unit and the limit of capacity of battery unit are critical conditions. Thermal power is the main power and battery is the auxiliary power stability.
Optical system design of blackboard light
Authors: He Xiaoyang , Zhang Yini , Shao Li , Zou Nianyu , Li Xiangfeng , Hao Bin , Wang Chuanxi , Liu Yujun , Yu Ling
Published: February 2020

In order to solve the problem of insufficient illumination uniformity of the blackboard, this paper provides a design method of the optical system that can achieve uniform illumination of the blackboard. The energy conservation law is used to make the optical system form uniform illumination on the target surface at a specific position. After simulation, the results show that the optical system can make the illumination uniformity of the blackboard reach 0.84.
Research on parameter adaptive control for MEES
Authors: Zheng Xiaoming , Wang Ai , Li Xuxia , Zheng Yuming , Gu Zhihong
Published: February 2020

The Mechanical elastic energy storage (MEES) is a new type of physical energy storage. The energy storage medium is large-scale planar vortex spring (LSPVS), and the energy storage form is mechanical elastic potential energy. Multiple groups of LSPVS are fixed in a single energy storage box, and multiple energy storage boxes are connected in series to form a linked energy storage box group as the energy storage unit of MEES. In the process of energy storage, the torque and inertia of LSPVS change simultaneously. The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), as the driving device, is required to realize the fast response of torque change and effectively suppress the disturbance of inertia. In this paper, firstly, the mathematical model of linked energy storage box group is established. Secondly, combining with the direct torque control (DTC) model of PMSM and the backstepping control algorithm, the adaptive parameters of torque and inertia control strategy is designed. Finally, the experimental verification shows that the control strategy proposed in this paper has faster torque response and the disturbance of inertia is suppressed simultaneously, so as the energy storage process of MEES can be carried out smoothly and efficiently.
Ballistic target intake feature extraction algorithm based on phase recovery
Authors: Shuai Chen , Cunqian Feng , Xuguang Xu
Published: February 2020

The movement is the main form of movement of the space ballistic target, and the recognition of the inmoving characteristic is the basis for judging the target attribute. By analyzing the echo phase form of a single intake scattering point, a phase recovery algorithm restores the phase change of narrow-band radar echo signal. The recovered phase is analyzed spectrally, so as to estimate the spin and velocity of the target. The simulation results prove the validity of the algorithm and have good robustness.
A Fast Method for Image Matching and Registration Based on SIFT Algorithm and Image Pyramid
Authors: Guo Chuang , Jia Fangxiu , Tang Wei , Huang Pan
Published: February 2020

In this paper, a fast image registration algorithm based on SIFT is proposed, which is slow in extracting feature points from high-resolution images. In this paper, the original image is transformed into an image pyramid to obtain a sub-sampled image with a lower resolution. At the same time, the Laplace image pyramid is obtained. Feature points of the sub-sampled image are extracted through SIFT algorithm, and then they are fused with the original image to obtain feature points of the original image. Experimental results show that the algorithm can quickly find the feature points and obviously improve the computational efficiency.
Application Analysis of Single Chip Microcomputer Technology in Electric Drive Control System
Authors: Li Tao , Yang Hua , Wen Sirui
Published: February 2020

With the continuous development of information technology, the performance of the entire electrical traditional system is gradually optimized. Among them, the single-chip technology as an important part of the electrical traditional system determines the operation quality of the entire traditional system. Based on past work experience, this paper summarizes the basic overview of single-chip technology. This paper is analyzing the application in software system, the improvement of the whole device performance algorithm, the application in the system header file, the application in the control system, the practical application. The six aspects of precautions and application examples are discussed in the application of single-chip technology in electric drive control system.
Welding scheme design of wheat harvester chassis frame based on welding robot
Authors: Xu Shuqiang , Cao Shukun , Gao Kuizeng , Cao Wenlong
Published: February 2020

In recent years, the welding technology is more and more widely used in agricultural machinery. The traditional manual welding can not meet the market competition. The chassis frame of wheat harvester is a large-scale structure composed of many kinds of welding parts. At present, the agricultural machinery production enterprises adopt the way of manual welding. Aiming at the problems of manual welding quality of the wheat harvester chassis frame is difficult to guarantee, low production efficiency and high labor intensity, this paper designs an automatic welding scheme for the wheat harvester chassis frame.
Application Analysis of Magnetorheological Technology in Hydraulic Transmission and Control
Authors: Wei-wei Dong
Published: February 2020

This paper mainly explores the application of magnetorheological (MR) technology in hydraulic transmission and control. Starting with the overview of MR fluid (MRF), the effect, composition and working principle of MRF are analyzed. On this basis, the application measures of MR technology are studied from three aspects of MR pilot valve, MR servo valve and MR proportional valve, with a view to providing reference for relevant workers.
Medium and Long-term Load Intelligent Forecasting Method Based on the Comprehensive and Multiple Early Warning Indicators
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Zheng , Li Xuxia , Wang Zhigang , Liu Renhui , Tong Xing
Published: February 2020

Medium and long-term load forecast takes the annual and monthly as the main time series, and regards the power demand indicators (such as the monthly power amount, monthly electrical power and so on) as the forecast content, thus being of great significance for reasonably formulating the power system planning, arranging the mid-term operation plan of the power system, reducing operation cost and improving power supply reliability. On the basis of the early warning analysis of power demand, this paper makes some attempts in combining early warning and forecasting work, and proposes a kind of medium and long-term load forecasting method integrating several early warning indicators. The method integrates multiple internal and external factors in the system such as the early warning leading industry and economic factor, uses the principle of minimum information loss to comprehensively utilize multiple early warning information under the unified scale, and can give probabilistic and accurate prediction results. The method has a clear physical background and economic meaning, and it is a new exploration of the medium and long-term load forecasting mechanism.
Sparse MIMO linear array imaging based on Localized Low-rank Promoting algorithm
Authors: Qiao Chen , Ningning Tong , Wei Wei , Chong Yan
Published: February 2020

In order to improve the image quality of (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO) sparse linear array, this paper deeply explored the block sparse characteristics of imaging targets. By introducing LLP algorithm, firstly, the elements of echo signal are divided into 4-length blocks, and each block matrix is transformed into 2-2-size matrix. By using a logarithmic determinant function which has the ability to promote the block-sparsity and local smoothness simultaneously, the low rank of these 2 × 2 matrices is improved. Finally, the iterative weighting method can efficiently reconstruct the objective image by iteratively minimizing a surrogate function of the original objective function. Simulation results show that the proposed method can get higher quality target image than the traditional algorithm.
A HED-optimized Automatic Detection and Tracking Algorithm for Marine Moving Targets based on YOLO V3
Authors: Wang Zhengye , Zhou Yongbin
Published: February 2020

Target detection technology is one of the core technologies of modern military information technology research. It has important theoretical research and application value in the fields of military such as intelligence collection, key area monitoring and weapon guidance. At present, the traditional maritime target recognition method has poor timeliness, low precision, and poor self-processing capability. This paper proposes an autonomous detection and tracking algorithm for marine moving targets based on YOLO V3 algorithm optimized by HED. The method realizes the autonomous detection and tracking of marine moving targets through the optimization of YOLO V3 deep learning network and HED edge detection algorithm. This method has two advantages: (1) fast and accurate detection of maritime targets through the YOLO V3 deep learning network; (2) detection of target edges by HED edge detection algorithm to achieve the target and background segmentation, improving the accuracy of detection.
New Energy Output Forecasting Method Considering Multi-zone Numerical Weather Forecast and Error Identification
Authors: Hu Yingying , Wang Ai , Li Xuxia , Wang Zhigang
Published: February 2020

In recent years, new energy has achieved rapid development in the whole world. However, with the gradual increase in the installed capacity of new energy, because of the uncertainty and volatility of new energy output, new energy has brought many impacts and challenges to the operation of the power system. In order to guarantee the safe and stable operation of the power system, the power system has to provide sufficient flexibility to cope with the volatility and uncertainty of the new energy output. Improving the prediction error accuracy of new energy output can effectively reduce the uncertainty of new energy output, so as to reduce the demand for power system flexibility, reduce the operating cost, and improve the system operation reliability. This paper utilizes the data mining technology to establish the prediction error identification module. Based on the data feature extracted from the wind power prediction input data, the potential abnormal wind power prediction error can be identified, and the original wind power output prediction result can be corrected, so as to improve the predication accuracy of the wind power generation. At the same time, in the prediction and identification process, the wind speed prediction data and historical wind power output data of neighbouring regional wind farms will also be utilized to improve the prediction accuracy of wind farm output in this region. The predicated time scale is 12 hours ahead of time, and the predicted result is the wind power output of the next 12 hours (a predicted resolution of 1 hour, and a total of 12 predicted values).
Design of a testing system for dynamic arming time of clock mechanism in fuze safety system
Authors: Wei Yawei , Li Haojie
Published: February 2020

In view of the fact that the specific time of arming can not be obtained when testing the arming of fuze safety system at home and abroad at present, and there are some problems such as cost and repeatability, a testing system based on the dynamic arming time of fuze safety system is proposed. In this system, the mechanical signal is transformed into electrical signal by micro switch, laser and photodiode, and the millisecond level accurate timing of dynamic arming time of fuze safety system is realized. Through the design of start, timing, stop modules and display modules, the calculation and display functions of the actual arming time of fuse components after dynamic simulation are completed. The test and data analysis show that the measurement accuracy of the test system is high and the error is small, which meets the accuracy requirements.
Intelligent Recommendation System Based on Image Processing
Authors: Lin Qi
Published: February 2020

Recommendations for images are the core tasks of many website recommendation systems. This paper develops a relatively complete image recommendation system based on the relative data analysis of the hotel website. In this paper, the image processing methods such as computer vision in the field of deep learning are applied to the information processing classification of the image of the hotel website. The image recommendation system established in this paper is more targeted than the recommendation system of some previous websites. This paper evaluates the aesthetics of NIMA images of the photos of the houses, and uses the show and tell model to describe the image and text, and finally according to the star rating and user preferences. Use collaborative filtering algorithms for house listings and recommendations. The accuracy of the recommendation is greatly improved, and the quality of the service selected by the user can be effectively guaranteed.
Retraction: Functional Substitution of an Indirect Pathway for tRNA Glutaminylation with a Direct Pathway by T. thermophiles GlnRS (IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.
276 012012)
Authors: Tarigan I L , Wang C C
Published: February 2020

This paper was retracted at the authors request on 6 February 2020. The author admits they have used data and materials in this paper without authorisation, reference or acknowledgement. IOP Publishing has followed the COPE guidelines in investigating and publishing this retraction.

Retraction published: 6 February 2020
Integration of the Lineament Study in the Karaha-Bodas Geothermal Field, West Java
Authors: Danakusumah Grandy , Suryantini
Published: February 2020

The Karaha-Bodas geothermal field is classified as a hydrothermal volcanic system. This field is characterized by the emergence of manifestations in the form of hot springs, solfatara, steamy soil, and mud pools. The manifestations are spread in the northern part of Karaha and south of Telaga Bodas. Based on the characteristics of the manifestations that appear in Karaha and Telaga Bodas, there are allegations that the Karaha Bodas geothermal system is divided into two systems. The distribution of the Karaha Bodas geothermal system can be estimated through geological studies. In this case, the method used is the integration of the lineament study. A lineament study was carried out applying hillshade from four angles, namely 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°. The results of the lineament will be mapped into structural lineament density anomalies or Fault Fracture Density (FFD). FFD analysis is then integrated with volcano stratigraphy, gravity anomalies, and MT resistivity. Based on the results of the integration, the Karaha-Bodas geothermal system is estimated to be two systems that are different from the high lineament structure density zone in Karaha.
Revealing Geothermal Potential Areas with Remote Sensing Analysis for Surface Temperature and Lineament Density: Case Study in South Bajawa, NTT, Indonesia
Authors: Mardiati Dani , Setianto Agung , Harijoko Agung
Published: February 2020

The research area is located in the Southern part of Bajawa, Ngada District, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This area has a geothermal potential and unique geological setting where many cinder cones are extending along NNW-SSE. A geothermal area usually indicated by surface manifestations that reach to the surface through geological structures. The initial stage to find out the existence of a geological structure that represented by surface lineament, and surface manifestations can be identified using satellite imagery to facilitate the exploration process in the field. The relationship between them is important to find out the potential geothermal area. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between geological lineament density and geothermal manifestations at the southern part of Bajawa based on the integration of ASTER imagery, DEM and Satellite Gravity anomalies. ASTER that consist of Visible-Near Infrared (VNIR), Shortwave Infrared (SWIR), Emissivity, and Surface Kinetic Temperature are used to identify surface geothermal manifestations. DEM imagery is used for lineament density analysis. While the satellite gravity anomalies are used to support the interpretation of geological structure in the study area. Field checking is conducted to ensure the results of images interpretation. The result of imagery analysis shows that geothermal manifestations are distributed at Nage and Mataloko areas indicated by surface kinetic temperature anomalies that reached 37.75°C and 37.85°C degrees, and rock alteration includes silicate clay minerals and quartz. High-density anomalies (>3km/km2) of geological lineament also located at Nage and Mataloko areas. Also, the analysis of Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) from satellite gravity anomalies shows that low gravity anomalies range from 0 to 0,5 mGal are found in Nage and Mataloko areas indicate the existence of geological structure in this area. The field check shows the same result where there is surface manifestation such as hot springs, fumarole, boiling mud pools, sulfur deposits, and altered rock are found at Mataloko and Nage area. The results of the interpretation of lineament density and the distribution of surface manifestations at the study area concluded that the relationship between the two is linear.
Field Verifications of Geological Structures Related to SAR Detected Lineaments
Authors: Army Edo K , Saepuloh Asep
Published: February 2020

Identifying geological structures is a crucial step in geological field mapping. One common technique to interpret geological structures is using lineament analyses on the satellite imagery. The usual encounters is many lineaments do not concordance to the geological structures. Overcoming the problem, we used dual orbit Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images to obtain lineaments related to geological structures at ground level. In this paper, we presented the sensitivity of the lineaments detection method visually and automatically using Yamaguchi and modified Segment Tracing Algorithm (mSTA) methods, respectively. The Yamaguchi method is a visual lineament detection using an optimum image-scale and resolution. The method was used to detect lineaments based on visual limitation of the interpreter. On the contrary, the mSTA method is an automatic lineament detection utilizing SAR backscattering intensity images in opposite Line of Sight (LOS). Accordingly, we compared the effectiveness between the visual and automatic detection methods in detecting the faults and joints correctly at ground surface. The verification of detected lineaments at the field was then performed and analyzed to obtain comparison of the effectiveness between two lineaments detection methods. The direction of joints at EKA-01 were oblique 45 degrees to Yamaguchi method, and 25 degrees to mSTA method. Besides, the direction of faults and joints at EKA-10 were oblique 5 degrees to Yamaguchi method, and 2 degrees to mSTA method. mSTA method has smaller offset angle to field measurements than Yamaguchi method, indicating that the automatic is more effective and representative to detect lineaments related to geological structures than visual method.
Application of Numerical Simulation to Update Conceptual Model and Resource Assessment of Songa-Wayaua Geothermal Field
Authors: Hasbi Hikmatyar Ghassan Fariz , Hamdani Muhamad Ridwan , Prasetyo Agung Budi Tri , Agung Reynaldi Khrisna W , Lampuasa Muhammad Jiehan , Sutopo  , Pratama Heru Berian , Prabata Todheus Welly
Published: February 2020

A study of Songa-Wayaua geothermal field using TOUGH2 reservoir simulation was conducted. This study shows the workflow to update the Songa-Wayaua conceptual model based on geosciences data, and to assess its potential resource. Since this field still a green field, the model still has so many uncertainties because lack of the actual well data. The numerical simulation of Songa-Wayaua geothermal field has been developed and it showed a proper alignment with geosciences data but still requires validation from well data. This is the first numerical model of Songa-Wayaua geothermal field. The model provides additional insights which have been used to review and update the conceptual model. The conceptual model of Songa-Wayaua geothermal field has been successfully updated. The main updated points of the conceptual model were the location of the heat source to be beneath the Mt. Pele, adding the flow fluid pattern as outflow and upflow location, and adding iso-temperature distribution. By using the heat stored method with probabilistic approach (Monte Carlo Simulation), the resource calculation approximately 30 MWe.
Preliminary Study of Membrane Technology to Resolve Silica Scaling to Enhance Geothermal Binary Power Plant
Authors: Wardana Agung Reynaldi Khrisna , Nandaliarasyad Naufal , Maulana Dimas Taha
Published: February 2020

Large amount of hot brines produced by liquid-dominated geothermal field should lead to utilization of binary power plant in order to increase the installed capacity. However, binary power plant system extract energy from the hot brine that could increased the possibility of silica scaling either at the surface or at the reservoir because of the temperature decrease. Methods such as acidizing, water jetting, or alkaline injection has been proven could solve or prevent the occurrence of silica scaling. Still, those methods have their own limitation to solve silica scaling problem, such as economical or technological issues. Therefore we assume that physical separation methods such as sedimentation and filtration should be done to decreased the silica scaling problems. Membrane technology seems could filled the spot, because by using membrane technology the silica content in thermal fluid could be separated completely and decreased silica scaling potential. At the end of the process, the concentration of silica could be decreased by large number. Although the silica scaling problem might not be solved completely, but the decreased potential of silica scaling still could be achieved and lead to increased installed capacity since silica scaling tend to limitate the production of thermal fluid.
Response Surface Method Using Box-Behnken Design for Probabilistic Resource Assessment: A Case Study in Atadei Geothermal Field, Indonesia
Authors: Supijo Marchel Christian , Pratama Heru Berian , Sutopo
Published: February 2020

Resource assessment in geothermal green-fields will most likely encounter some difficulties due to the limited initial data and directly impact the accuracy of the estimated resources. Proper electricity potential based on resource assessment affects the development scenario in order to determine optimum capacity to be installed. Therefore, this paper applied the response surface method approach using three-level Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to the TOUGH2 numerical model of Atadei geothermal green-field to generate probabilistic resource assessment results. This study aimed to perform the Response Surface Method (RSM) using Box-Behnken design for probabilistic resource assessment in Atadei geothermal green-field. A Box-Behnken design was used to build 27 experiments and investigated four parameters (permeability, porosity, liquid saturation, and feed zone location) at three levels (minimum, most likely, and maximum). The results from multiple model runs were used to create a polynomial function (proxy equation) and then applied to Monte Carlo simulation to generate a probabilistic distribution of the potential power output. This method had been successfully estimated a more robust electricity potential covering the entire range of possible values of important reservoir parameters. The probabilistic electricity potential using Monte Carlo based on Response Surface Method for 30 years production for P10, P50, and P90 are 11.7 MW, 18.2 MW, and 25.6 MW respectively.
Real-time detection of hepatitis B surface antigen using a hybrid graphene-gold nanoparticle biosensor
Authors: Walters F , Rozhko S , Buckley D , Ahmadi E D , Ali M , Tehrani Z , Mitchell J , Burwell G , Liu Y , Kazakova O , Guy O J
Published: February 2020

A hybrid biosensor based on a graphene resistor functionalized with self-assembled Graphene-AuNPs (Gold Nanoparticles) is demonstrated for the real-time detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The hybrid biosensor consists of a ssDNA sequence attached to a graphene resistor device via π–π stacking interactions in combination with a ssDNA functionalized AuNP. The ssDNA has complementary sequences which through hybridization, yield the graphene-AuNP hybrid biosensor. Real-time 2-point resistance measurements, performed using varying concentrations of HBsAg, show a linear dependence of resistance change against the logarithm of HBsAg concentration (log[HBsAg]). A limit of detection of 50 pg ml−1 was observed. Moreover, the hybrid biosensor platform has potential to be applied to any biomarker of interest.
3 UTI Diagnosis and Management in the Over 65s According to Public Health England Guidelines
Authors: Brice H G T , Doherty N , Biss C , Quigley T
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTI) becomes increasingly difficult with age. Dipsticks are unreliable and with the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria increasing to 17% in females over 75 even urine culture results can be unreliable. Public Health England (PHE) released new guidelines in November 2018 with criteria for diagnosing UTIs in the over 65s.

Methods

Identify patients over 65 who are diagnosed with a UTI in Solihull acute medical unit. Collect data on presenting symptoms, dipstick and culture results and antibiotic use. Aim to improve guideline adherence and decrease dipstick use through education of medical and nursing staff via presentations and posters.

Results

Prior to the educational intervention guideline adherence when diagnosing UTIs in over 65s was 55%. This rose to 82% following the educational intervention. Dipstick usage decreased from 49% to 28% following the intervention. Dipsticks were shown to be unreliable as 21.6% of dipstick positive urine samples sent for culture had a normal (0-80) white cell count in the laboratory, whilst 43.8% of dipstick negative urine samples sent for culture had a raised white cell count in the laboratory. On retrospective analysis 16.1% of patients treated for a UTI appeared to have had an asymptomatic bacteriuria. Co-amoxiclav was initially used for 51% of patients however there was resistance to Co-amoxiclav in 31% of samples where an organism was cultured.

Conclusions

The educational intervention was able to increase PHE guideline adherence for diagnosing UTIs in the over 65s. There was also a decrease in the use of dipsticks which were shown to be unreliable in this age group. Prescribers remained reliant on broad-spectrum antibiotics with Co-Amoxiclav being most commonly used. This is likely to be ineffective in a significant number of patients given the common resistance seen in urine culture sensitivities.
4 Effects on Hospital Admissions from the Completion of Good Quality Treatment Escalation Plans in Care Homes
Authors: Courtney E , Pollock L , Gagg C , Stevenson H , Male S
Published: February 2020

Topic

Some care home residents are admitted to hospital when they either do not wish for admission or will not benefit from admission. Meeting residents and their next of kin to explore the person’s goals and priorities can facilitate the completion of a good quality Treatment Escalation Plan (TEP).

Intervention

A pilot service was commenced in November 2018 to complete and review TEPs in the top ten admitting care homes to Musgrove Park Hospital. A small team of clinicians (1.5 full time equivalent) worked in the selected care homes completing and reviewing TEPs, with an aim to see 80% of residents. Clinicians met residents and their next of kin to discuss the person’s wishes. Completed TEPs were left in the care home, shared with GPs and uploaded to the IT system in the acute hospital. The number of Emergency Department (ED) attendances and inpatient admissions from care homes were recorded and compared to data from 2017/18.

Improvement

Over 5 months, 492 residents had TEPs reviewed or completed by the team; this was 76% of the total bed base of the selected care homes. Data were compared to the same period a year earlier. During the final two months of the pilot, attendances to ED from care homes with the intervention were reduced by 24%, whilst the control group saw an 8% decrease. In the same period, inpatient admissions from the intervention group were reduced by 35%, compared to an 11% decrease in the control care homes.

Discussion

Whilst there are too few data to provide conclusive evidence, early indications suggest that facilitating the discussion of good quality TEPs in care homes reduces attendances to ED and inpatient admissions. Further evaluation is required as the service continues. There were challenges to the implementation of the pilot; these included communication and engagement with GPs, in addition to access to GP IT systems.
7 Stop Falling Before it Starts: Increasing Access to Multifactorial Falls and Fracture Risk Assessment and Intervention for Older People At Risk of Falls or Early in Their Falls Career Via Proactive Case Finding
Authors: Turner J , Parry S W , Shaw F E
Published: February 2020

Background

Target population: patients from 6 (of 43) Newcastle upon Tyne General Practices, age 65 – 75, mild frailty on electronic frailty index, who had fallen or noticed a balance problem in the previous year.

Introduction

Usually multifactorial falls and fracture prevention services target frailer older people and intervention begins after a fall or fracture has occurred. There is limited provision of community-based strength and balance exercise.

Intervention

New service model ‘Stop Falling Before It Starts (SFBIS)’: proactive case finding by postal questionnaire; multifactorial falls and fracture risk assessment by specialist nurse; interventions recommended to General Practitioner (GP); community-based exercise offered to all, predominantly new 15 week ‘Steady On’ strength and balance classes suitable for fitter older people.

Methods

Data collection: patient characteristics, physical performance (Timed up and Go (TUG), 30 second sit to stand (STS)) before starting and on completion of Steady On classes, service process measures, patient and GP experience.

Results

157 patients assessed. 80 (51%) fallen in previous year. 9 (6%) history of syncope / pre-syncope. 18 (11%) orthostatic hypotension. 124 (79%) culprit medications. Recommendations: GP review of history 6 (4%) or medications 13 (8%); referral to secondary care falls service 1 (0.5%); optician assessment 58 (37%); DXA 13 (8%). 131 (83%) referred to Steady On; 119 (91%) attended first class, 61 (51%) completed classes. Mean initial TUG 11 seconds, mean improvement 3 seconds. Mean initial STS 11 repetitions, mean improvement 3 repetitions. Mean patient feedback score 14.6/15 (15 best). GP feedback positive.

Conclusions

SFBIS was effective in identifying the target population and engaging them in community-based strength and balance exercise classes. Meaningful improvements in physical performance were demonstrated. A smaller number of additional risk factors were identified. There was a high level of satisfaction from patients and GPs. Wider implementation would increase participation in evidence-based community exercise.
8 Improving Identification and Assessment of Urinary Incontinence in Older People
Authors: Memon G M Sanai , Imam A , Datta-Chaudhuri M , Robertson E , Frain C
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Urinary incontinence is very common in the older people and wrongly considered a normal part of aging. The prevalence of UI is 39.1% in people with frailty and 19.4% in those without (Veronese et al. European Geriatric Medicine, 2018, 9(5), 571–578). Despite the high prevalence of urinary incontinence, its detection and management remain suboptimal. A comprehensive multidisciplinary continence assessment is recommended to assess and manage urinary incontinence in older patients (NICE CG171).

Methods

Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycle audit was conducted to identify the practices for identification and assessment of urinary incontinence on a care of elderly ward. Data was collected on a structured proforma containing six standards prospectively. Following the results of first cycle, a strategy was developed and implemented.

Results

Strategy

Cycle 1 (35 patients) results were disseminated to the Divisional Safety and Quality Committee, ward teams, educational sessions held for multidisciplinary teams, involved Trust's continence advisor, displayed multidisciplinary teams prompt sheets, trialled new nursing documentation booklet, discussed continence status at daily board round and conducted audit cycle 2 (28 patients) after 4 months.

Conclusions

PDSA cycle audit with involvement of multidisciplinary teams, presentation to the Divisional Quality and Safety Committee combined with regular educational sessions and prompt about continence status at the daily board round led to better detection and improved management of urinary incontinence. We recommend other clinical teams to follow our strategy to improve the urinary incontinence care in older people without any additional resource.