bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food Communication and its Related Sentiment in Local and Organic Food Videos on YouTube
Authors: Vargas Meza Xanat , Yamanaka Toshimasa
Published: May 2020

Background

Local and organic foods have shown increased importance and market size in recent years. However, attitudes, sentiment, and habits related to such foods in the context of video social networks have not been thoroughly researched. Given that such media have become some of the most important venues of internet traffic, it is relevant to investigate how sustainable food is communicated through such video social networks.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the diffusion paths of local and organic foods on YouTube, providing a review of trends, coincidences, and differences among video discourses.

Methods

A combined methodology involving webometric, framing, semantic, and sentiment analyses was employed.

Results

We reported the results for the following two groups: organic and local organic videos. Although the content of 923 videos mostly included the “Good Mother” (organic and local organic: 282/808, 34.9% and 311/866, 35.9%, respectively), “Natural Goodness” (220/808, 27.2% and 253/866, 29.2%), and “Undermining of Foundations” (153/808, 18.9% and 180/866, 20.7%) frames, organic videos were more framed in terms of “Frankenstein” food (organic and local organic: 68/808, 8.4% and 27/866, 3.1%, respectively), with genetically modified organisms being a frequent topic among the comments. Organic videos (N=448) were better connected in terms of network metrics than local organic videos (N=475), which were slightly more framed regarding “Responsibility” (organic and local organic: 42/808, 5.1% and 57/866, 6.5%, respectively) and expressed more positive sentiment (M ranks for organic and local organic were 521.2 and 564.54, respectively, Z=2.15, P=.03).

Conclusions

The results suggest that viewers considered sustainable food as part of a complex system and in a positive light and that food framed as artificial and dangerous sometimes functions as a counterpoint to promote organic food.
Decentralized, Community-Based Hepatitis C Point-of-Care Testing and Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment for People Who Inject Drugs and the General Population in Myanmar: Protocol for a Feasibility Study
Authors: Draper Bridget Louise , Pedrana Alisa , Howell Jessica , Yee Win Lei , Htay Hla , Aung Khin Sanda , Shilton Sonjelle , Kyi Khin Pyone , Naing Win , Hellard Margaret
Published: May 2020

Background

The advent of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and point-of-care (POC) testing platforms for hepatitis C allow for the decentralization of care to primary care settings. In many countries, access to DAAs is generally limited to tertiary hospitals, with limited published research documenting decentralized models of care in low-and middle-income settings.

Objective

This study aims to assess the feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of decentralized community-based POC testing and DAA therapy for hepatitis C among people who inject drugs and the general population in Yangon, Myanmar.

Methods

Rapid diagnostic tests for anti-hepatitis C antibodies were carried out on-site and, if reactive, were followed by POC GeneXpert hepatitis C RNA polymerase chain reaction tests. External laboratory blood tests to exclude other major health issues were undertaken. Results were given to participants at their next appointment, with the participants commencing DAA therapy that day if a specialist review was not required. Standard clinical data were collected, and the participants completed behavioral questionnaires. The primary outcome measures are the proportion of participants receiving GeneXpert hepatitis C RNA test, the proportion of participants commencing DAA therapy, the proportion of participants completing DAA therapy, and the proportion of participants achieving sustained virological response 12 weeks after completing DAA therapy.

Results

Recruitment was completed on September 30, 2019. Monitoring visits and treatment outcome visits are scheduled to continue until June 2020.

Conclusions

This feasibility study in Myanmar contributes to the evidence gap for community-based hepatitis C care in low- and middle-income settings. Evidence from this study will inform the scale-up of hepatitis C treatment programs in Myanmar and globally.
Associations Between Commercial App Use and Physical Activity: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Petersen Jasmine Maria , Kemps Eva , Lewis Lucy K , Prichard Ivanka
Published: May 2020

Background

In today’s society, commercial physical activity apps (eg, Fitbit and Strava) are ubiquitous and hold considerable potential to increase physical activity behavior. Many commercial physical activity apps incorporate social components, in particular app-specific communities (allowing users to interact with other app users) or the capacity to connect to existing social networking platforms (eg, Facebook or Instagram). There is a growing need to gain greater insights into whether commercial physical activity apps and specific components of these apps (social components) are beneficial in facilitating physical activity.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the relationship between the use of commercial physical activity apps and engagement in physical activity. The social components of commercial physical activity apps (app-specific communities and existing social networking platforms) were also explored. This involved isolating specific features (eg, sharing, providing, and receiving encouragement, comparisons, and competitions) of app-specific communities and existing social networking platforms that were most valuable in facilitating physical activity.

Methods

A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted. Participants were 1432 adults (mean age 34.1 years, 1256/1432, 88.00% female) who completed measures assessing physical activity, the use of commercial physical activity apps, and engagement with app-specific communities and existing social networking platforms.

Results

Overall, 53.14% (761/1432) of the sample reported engaging with a commercial physical activity app. The most commonly used apps were Fitbit (171/761, 22.5%), Strava (130/761, 17.1%), and Garmin (102/761, 13.4%). The use of physical activity apps was significantly associated with physical activity. Notably, the use of app-specific communities and existing social networking platforms facilitated significantly greater engagement in physical activity. The features of app-specific communities that were most beneficial in promoting engagement in physical activity were providing encouragement to a partner, receiving encouragement from close friends and family, and engaging in competitions with members of public app-specific communities. In relation to existing social networking platforms, sharing physical activity posts predicted engagement in physical activity.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that app-specific communities and existing social networking platforms are components of apps that are fundamental in facilitating physical activity. They further suggest that commercial physical activity apps afford high population level reach and hold great potential to promote engagement in physical activity, an important public health consideration.
Data Integration in the Brazilian Public Health System for Tuberculosis: Use of the Semantic Web to Establish Interoperability
Authors: Pellison Felipe Carvalho , Rijo Rui Pedro Charters Lopes , Lima Vinicius Costa , Crepaldi Nathalia Yukie , Bernardi Filipe Andrade , Galliez Rafael Mello , Kritski Afrânio , Abhishek Kumar , Alves Domingos
Published: May 2020

Background

Interoperability of health information systems is a challenge due to the heterogeneity of existing systems at both the technological and semantic levels of their data. The lack of existing data about interoperability disrupts intra-unit and inter-unit medical operations as well as creates challenges in conducting studies on existing data. The goal is to exchange data while providing the same meaning for data from different sources.

Objective

To find ways to solve this challenge, this research paper proposes an interoperability solution for the tuberculosis treatment and follow-up scenario in Brazil using Semantic Web technology supported by an ontology.

Methods

The entities of the ontology were allocated under the definitions of Basic Formal Ontology. Brazilian tuberculosis applications were tagged with entities from the resulting ontology.

Results

An interoperability layer was developed to retrieve data with the same meaning and in a structured way enabling semantic and functional interoperability.

Conclusions

Health professionals could use the data gathered from several data sources to enhance the effectiveness of their actions and decisions, as shown in a practical use case to integrate tuberculosis data in the State of São Paulo.
Construct Validity of a Serious Game for Laparoscopic Skills Training: Validation Study
Authors: IJgosse Wouter , van Goor Harry , Rosman Camiel , Luursema Jan-Maarten
Published: May 2020

Background

Surgical residents underutilize opportunities for traditional laparoscopic simulation training. Serious gaming may increase residents’ motivation to practice laparoscopic skills. However, little is known about the effectiveness of serious gaming for laparoscopic skills training.

Objective

The aim of this study was to establish construct validity for the laparoscopic serious game Underground.

Methods

All study participants completed 2 levels of Underground. Performance for 2 novel variables (time and error) was compared between novices (n=65, prior experience <10 laparoscopic procedures), intermediates (n=26, prior experience 10-100 laparoscopic procedures), and experts (n=20, prior experience >100 laparoscopic procedures) using analysis of covariance. We corrected for gender and video game experience.

Results

Controlling for gender and video game experience, the effects of prior laparoscopic experience on the time variable differed significantly (F2,106=4.77, P=.01). Both experts and intermediates outperformed novices in terms of task completion speed; experts did not outperform intermediates. A similar trend was seen for the rate of gameplay errors. Both gender (F1,106=14.42, P<.001 in favor of men) and prior video game experience (F1,106=5.20, P=.03 in favor of experienced gamers) modulated the time variable.

Conclusions

We established construct validity for the laparoscopic serious game Underground. Serious gaming may aid laparoscopic skills development. Previous gaming experience and gender also influenced Underground performance. The in-game performance metrics were not suitable for statistical evaluation. To unlock the full potential of serious gaming for training, a more formal approach to performance metric development is needed.
Challenges and Benefits of an Internet-Based Intervention With a Peer Support Component for Older Adults With Depression: Qualitative Analysis of Textual Data
Authors: Chen Annie T , Slattery Krystal , Tomasino Kathryn N , Rubanovich Caryn Kseniya , Bardsley Leland R , Mohr David C
Published: May 2020

Background

Technological interventions provide many opportunities for improving the health and quality of life of older adults. However, interaction with new technologies can also cause frustration. Although these themes have been explored in extant research, much remains to be learned with regard to how the challenges of aging and technology use and the experiences of participating in a social and learning environment are interrelated.

Objective

This study aimed to perform a qualitative analysis of data collected from MoodTech, a pilot study of an internet-based intervention with a peer support component for older adults with symptoms of depression, to better understand the participants’ experience of using technological interventions, including the challenges and benefits that they experienced over the course of these interventions.

Methods

We employed an inductive qualitative analysis method based on grounded theory methodology and interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyze participant textual data. These textual data were of 3 main types: (1) assignments in which participants challenged their negative thoughts, (2) status updates, and (3) comments in the peer support component of the intervention.

Results

We have presented the results through 3 main themes: (1) the challenges of aging as seen through the participants’ comments, (2) the difficulties experienced by the participants in using MoodTech, and (3) the benefits they derived from participating.

Conclusions

This paper offers several contributions concerning study participants’ experiences with internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) interventions with a peer support component and design considerations for developing complex technological interventions that support the challenges participants experience due to aging and cognitive difficulties. First, technical issues encountered by older adults within the context of the intervention can interact with and exacerbate the insecurities they experience in life, and it is important to consider how intervention components might be designed to mitigate these issues. Second, peer support can be employed as a mechanism to facilitate communication, support, and collaborative problem solving among participants in an intervention. The insights from this paper can inform the design of iCBT interventions for older adults.
Effect of BMI and Perceived Importance of Health on the Health Behavior of College Students: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hsu Wan-Chen , Chiang Chia-Hsun
Published: May 2020

Background

Both body mass index (BMI) and the perceived importance of health have received a lot of attention, but few studies have fully investigated the interaction of their effects on health behaviors.

Objective

This study investigates the effects of BMI and the perceived importance of health on health behaviors (patterns of eating, sleeping, and exercising) among college students in Taiwan.

Methods

A survey was conducted with 334 students to assess their perception of the importance of health (using indicators) and their health behavior (using the Health Behaviors Scale). Respondent BMI was calculated from self-reported body weight and height. Descriptive statistical analysis, independent t test analysis, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and one-way ANOVA were conducted.

Results

The results showed a significant difference between genders in health behaviors among college students (eating: t332=2.17, P=.03; exercise: t332=5.57, P<.001; sleep: t332=2.58, P=.01). Moreover, there was an interaction between BMI and perception (of the importance of health) for exercise behaviors (F2,328=3.50, P=.03), but not for eating behaviors (F2,328=0.12, P=.89) or sleep behaviors (F2,328=1.64, P=.20).

Conclusions

This study establishes, for the first time, the interaction of BMI and the perceived importance of health on health behaviors. The perception of health was found to have a significant effect on exercise behaviors. Thus, the perception of health plays a significant role in the exercise behaviors of college students in Taiwan. This finding provides researchers, policy makers, and practitioners with evidence, and consequently, opportunities for focusing on preventive actions. The findings suggest that increasing the importance of health in the perception of college students, should be the focus of efforts to help students exercise more regularly.
Automated and Interviewer-Administered Mobile Phone Surveys in Burkina Faso: Sociodemographic Differences Among Female Mobile Phone Survey Respondents and Nonrespondents
Authors: Greenleaf Abigail R , Gadiaga Aliou , Choi Yoonjoung , Guiella Georges , Turke Shani , Battle Noelle , Ahmed Saifuddin , Moreau Caroline
Published: May 2020

Background

The remarkable growth of cell phone ownership in low- and middle-income countries has generated significant interest in using cell phones for conducting surveys through computer-assisted telephone interviews, live interviewer-administered surveys, or automated surveys (ie, interactive voice response).

Objective

This study aimed to compare, by mode, the sociodemographic characteristics of cell phone owners who completed a follow-up phone survey with those who did not complete the survey.

Methods

The study was based on a nationally representative sample of women aged 15 to 49 years who reported cell phone ownership during a household survey in Burkina Faso in 2016. Female cell phone owners were randomized to participate in a computer-assisted telephone interview or hybrid interactive voice response follow-up phone survey 11 months after baseline interviews. Completion of the phone survey was defined as participants responding to more than 50% of questions in the phone survey. We investigated sociodemographic characteristics associated with cell phone survey completion using multivariable logistic regression models, stratifying the analysis by survey mode and by directly comparing computer-assisted telephone interview and hybrid interactive voice response respondents.

Results

A total of 1766 women were called for the phone survey between November 5 and 17, 2017. In both the computer-assisted telephone interview and hybrid interactive voice response samples, women in urban communities and women with secondary education or higher were more likely to complete the survey than their rural and less-educated counterparts. Compared directly, women who completed the hybrid interactive voice response survey had higher odds of having a secondary education than those who completed computer-assisted telephone interviews (odds ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.6).

Conclusions

In Burkina Faso, computer-assisted telephone interviews are the preferred method of conducting cell phone surveys owing to less sample distortion and a higher response rate compared with a hybrid interactive voice response survey.
Mobile Personal Health Care System for Noninvasive, Pervasive, and Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Mena Luis J , Félix Vanessa G , Ostos Rodolfo , González Armando J , Martínez-Peláez Rafael , Melgarejo Jesus D , Maestre Gladys E
Published: May 2020

Background

Smartphone-based blood pressure (BP) monitoring using photoplethysmography (PPG) technology has emerged as a promising approach to empower users with self-monitoring for effective diagnosis and control of hypertension.

Objective

This study aimed to develop a mobile personal health care system for noninvasive, pervasive, and continuous estimation of BP level and variability, which is user friendly for elderly people.

Methods

The proposed approach was integrated by a self-designed cuffless, calibration-free, wireless, and wearable PPG-only sensor and a native purposely designed smartphone app using multilayer perceptron machine learning techniques from raw signals. We performed a development and usability study with three older adults (mean age 61.3 years, SD 1.5 years; 66% women) to test the usability and accuracy of the smartphone-based BP monitor.

Results

The employed artificial neural network model had good average accuracy (>90%) and very strong correlation (>0.90) (P<.001) for predicting the reference BP values of our validation sample (n=150). Bland-Altman plots showed that most of the errors for BP prediction were less than 10 mmHg. However, according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation and British Hypertension Society standards, only diastolic blood pressure prediction met the clinically accepted accuracy thresholds.

Conclusions

With further development and validation, the proposed system could provide a cost-effective strategy to improve the quality and coverage of health care, particularly in rural zones, areas lacking physicians, and areas with solitary elderly populations.
Technical Metrics Used to Evaluate Health Care Chatbots: Scoping Review
Authors: Abd-Alrazaq Alaa , Safi Zeineb , Alajlani Mohannad , Warren Jim , Househ Mowafa , Denecke Kerstin
Published: May 2020

Background

Dialog agents (chatbots) have a long history of application in health care, where they have been used for tasks such as supporting patient self-management and providing counseling. Their use is expected to grow with increasing demands on health systems and improving artificial intelligence (AI) capability. Approaches to the evaluation of health care chatbots, however, appear to be diverse and haphazard, resulting in a potential barrier to the advancement of the field.

Objective

This study aims to identify the technical (nonclinical) metrics used by previous studies to evaluate health care chatbots.

Methods

Studies were identified by searching 7 bibliographic databases (eg, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) in addition to conducting backward and forward reference list checking of the included studies and relevant reviews. The studies were independently selected by two reviewers who then extracted data from the included studies. Extracted data were synthesized narratively by grouping the identified metrics into categories based on the aspect of chatbots that the metrics evaluated.

Results

Of the 1498 citations retrieved, 65 studies were included in this review. Chatbots were evaluated using 27 technical metrics, which were related to chatbots as a whole (eg, usability, classifier performance, speed), response generation (eg, comprehensibility, realism, repetitiveness), response understanding (eg, chatbot understanding as assessed by users, word error rate, concept error rate), and esthetics (eg, appearance of the virtual agent, background color, and content).

Conclusions

The technical metrics of health chatbot studies were diverse, with survey designs and global usability metrics dominating. The lack of standardization and paucity of objective measures make it difficult to compare the performance of health chatbots and could inhibit advancement of the field. We suggest that researchers more frequently include metrics computed from conversation logs. In addition, we recommend the development of a framework of technical metrics with recommendations for specific circumstances for their inclusion in chatbot studies.
Mental Health, Risk Factors, and Social Media Use During the COVID-19 Epidemic and Cordon Sanitaire Among the Community and Health Professionals in Wuhan, China: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Ni Michael Y , Yang Lin , Leung Candi M C , Li Na , Yao Xiaoxin I , Wang Yishan , Leung Gabriel M , Cowling Benjamin J , Liao Qiuyan
Published: May 2020

Background

The mental health consequences of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, community-wide interventions, and social media use during a pandemic are unclear. The first and most draconian interventions have been implemented in Wuhan, China, and these countermeasures have been increasingly deployed by countries around the world.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine risk factors, including the use of social media, for probable anxiety and depression in the community and among health professionals in the epicenter, Wuhan, China.

Methods

We conducted an online survey via WeChat, the most widely used social media platform in China, which was administered to 1577 community-based adults and 214 health professionals in Wuhan. Probable anxiety and probable depression were assessed by the validated Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (cutoff ≥3) and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (cutoff ≥3), respectively. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with probable anxiety and probable depression.

Results

Of the 1577 community-based adults, about one-fifth of respondents reported probable anxiety (n=376, 23.84%, 95% CI 21.8-26.0) and probable depression (n=303, 19.21%, 95% CI 17.3-21.2). Similarly, of the 214 health professionals, about one-fifth of surveyed health professionals reported probable anxiety (n=47, 22.0%, 95% CI 16.6-28.1) or probable depression (n=41, 19.2%, 95% CI 14.1-25.1). Around one-third of community-based adults and health professionals spent ≥2 hours daily on COVID-19 news via social media. Close contact with individuals with COVID-19 and spending ≥2 hours daily on COVID-19 news via social media were associated with probable anxiety and depression in community-based adults. Social support was associated with less probable anxiety and depression in both health professionals and community-based adults.

Conclusions

The internet could be harnessed for telemedicine and restoring daily routines, yet caution is warranted toward spending excessive time searching for COVID-19 news on social media given the infodemic and emotional contagion through online social networks. Online platforms may be used to monitor the toll of the pandemic on mental health.
Estimation of the Probability of Reinfection With COVID-19 by the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed-Undetectable-Susceptible Model
Authors: Victor Okhuese Alexander
Published: May 2020

Background

With the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction test used to detect the presence of the virus in the human host, the worldwide health community has been able to record a large number of the recovered population.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the probability of reinfection in the recovered class and the model equations, which exhibits the disease-free equilibrium state for the coronavirus disease.

Methods

The model differential equation was evaluated for the disease-free equilibrium for the case of reinfection as well as the existence and stability criteria for the disease, using the model proportions. This evaluation shows that the criteria for a local or worldwide asymptotic stability with a basic reproductive number (R0=0) were satisfied. Hence, there is a chance of no secondary reinfections from the recovered population, as the rate of incidence of the recovered population vanishes (ie, B=0).

Results

With a total of about 900,000 infected cases worldwide, numerical simulations for this study were carried out to complement the analytical results and investigate the effect that the implementation of quarantine and observation procedures has on the projection of further virus spread.

Conclusions

As shown by the results, the proportion of the infected population, in the absence of a curative vaccination, will continue to grow worldwide; meanwhile, the recovery rate will continue slowly, which means that the ratio of infection rate to recovery rate will determine the death rate that is recorded. Most significant for this study is the rate of reinfection by the recovered population, which will decline to zero over time as the virus is cleared clinically from the system of the recovered class.
Exploring the Usage Intentions of Wearable Medical Devices: A Demonstration Study
(Preprint)
Authors: Chang Chiao-Chen
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

In the face of an aging society, an immediate and preventive medical system urgently needs to be established, and the application of wearable devices is essential. However, the application of smart medical care in Taiwan is still not widespread, and few studies have explored the related issues of wearable medical device usage. Thus, determining the success of a wearable medical device mainly depends on the degree of user adoption and use.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence the intention to use wearable medical devices.

METHODS

This study applied the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to build a comprehensive model that explains intentions to use wearable medical devices.

RESULTS

The research findings showed that health consciousness and trust were the strongest predictors of intentions to use wearable medical devices.

CONCLUSIONS

The results reveal the magnitudes of the impacts of the variables in a well-accepted revised UTAUT model in the context of the medical industry, particularly in the setting of wearable medical devices. Several important implications for academics and industry decision-makers can be formulated from these results.
Role of machine learning algorithms in timely prediction of the infectious outbreak: COVID-19 (Preprint)
Authors: Qazi Atika , Naseer Khulla , Qazi Javaria , Abo Muhammad
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Well-timed forecast of infectious outbreaks using time-series data can help in proper planning of public health measures. If the forecasts are generated from machine learning algorithms, they can be used to manage resources where most needed. Here we present a support vector machine (SVM) model using epidemiological data provided by Johns Hopkins University Centre for Systems Science and Engineering (JHU CCSE), world health organization (WHO), Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to predict upcoming data before official declaration by WHO. Our study conducted on the time series data available from 22nd January till 10th March 2020 reveals that COVID-19 was spreading at an alarming rate and progressing towards a pandemic. If machine learning algorithms are used to predict the dynamics of an infectious outbreak future strategies can help in better management. Besides exploratory data analysis (EDA) highlights the importance of quarantine measures taken at the onset of this endemic by China and world leadership in containing the initial COVID-19 transmission. Nevertheless, when quarantine measures were relaxed due to extreme scrutiny a sharp upsurge was seen in COVID-19 transmission. The initial insight that confirmed COVID-19 cases are increasing as these got the highest number of effects for our selected dataset from 22nd January-10th March 2020 i.e. 126,344 (64%). The recovered cases are 68289 (34%) and the death rate is around 2%. The model presented here is flexible and can include uncertainty about outbreak dynamics and can be a significant tool for combating future outbreaks.
Research on Covid-19 Pandemic and Social Security
Authors: Luming Zhao
Published: May 2020

Public health security is one of the important areas of social security. When the author drew up this thesis, the novel coronavirus pneumonia broke out in the Wuhan area, wreaking havoc on the entire land of China. Macroscopically speaking, the damage caused by the epidemic situation to social security is not only in public health, but also has a profound impact on public opinion, economic production and so on. In this paper, the author will analyze the damage on social security caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in three aspects: physical damage, social economic loss, and public opinion turbulence, furthermore, discussing its countermeasures.
espejo y la máscara: dos versiones de Alexander Selkirk en Jorge Luis Borges y William Cowper
Authors: Linares González Gabriel
Published: May 2020

En 1963, Jorge Luis Borges publicó un soneto titulado “Robinson Crusoe”. Posteriormente, cambió el nombre de su composición a “Alexander Selkirk”. El presente artículo explica dicho cambio como un intento por parte de Borges por subvertir la figura icónica del náufrago emprendedor, representada no sólo por Crusoe sino por los recuentos contemporáneos del Selkirk histórico, una de las inspiraciones de Defoe. Por otro lado, se compara el poema de Borges con una de sus posibles fuentes, un texto del poeta de finales del siglo XVIII, William Cowper. Ambos poemas están escritos en una primera persona cuya voz poética se identifica con Selkirk, por lo que pueden ser estudiados como monólogos dramáticos.
Analisis Tingkat Ketercapaian Angka Partisipasi Sekolah Di Papua (Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Merauke)
Authors: Maharani Kiki , Effendi Moh. Mahfud , Nurjaman Asep
Published: May 2020

Abstract: School participation is integrally an effort to achieve quality education quality. This study aims to obtain information about (1) factors that influence the level of achievement and school participation rates, constraints in increasing enrollment rates. (2) the role of regional autonomy in improving the quality of education services. The approach used is a type of qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used in the form of interviews and documents and observation. The results showed that (1) Factors influencing the low number of school participation in Merauke Regency were access to education that was difficult to reach in remote areas, limited availability of teacher numbers and uneven distribution, teacher welfare that was still lacking, educational facilities that were not yet adequate in remote areas, the level of public education, and the slow attention of the government. (2) The role of regional autonomy in improving the quality of education services has not been maximized. The principle of justice, efficiency, transparency, and public accountability in efforts to improve and improve the quality and quantity of education becomes the responsibility and concern of all parties, both the government, regional governments, and the community.Keywords: Participation Rates, Level of Achievement, Education Abstrak: Partisipasi sekolah secara integral menjadi usaha dalam mencapai mutu pendidikan yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang (1) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat ketercapaian dan angka partisipasi sekolah, kendala dalam peningkatan angka partisipasi. (2) peran otonomi daerah dalam peningkatan mutu pelayanan pendidikan. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu jenis pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa wawancara dan dokumen serta observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya angka partisipasi sekolah di Kabupaten Merauke yaitu akses pendidikan yang sulit dijangkau pada daerah terpencil, ketersediaan jumlah tenaga guru yang terbatas dan distribusinya kurang merata, kesejahteraan guru yang masih kurang, fasilitas pendidikan yang belum memadai di daerah terpencil, tingkat pendidikan masyarakat, serta lambannya perhatian dari pemerintah. (2) Peran otonomi daerah dalam peningkatan mutu pelayanan pendidikan belum maksimal. Prinsip keadilan, efisiensi, transparansi, dan akuntabilitas publik dalam upaya perbaikan dan peningkatan kualitas serta kuantitas pendidikan menjadi tanggung jawab dan perhatian bersama seluruh pihak, baik pemerintah, pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat.Kata kunci: Angka Partisipasi, Tingkat Ketercapaian, Pendidikan
Analisis Peran Guru Tidak Tetap (GTT) Sebagai Guru Kelas Dan Operator Sekolah Di Kecamatan Sanankulon
Authors: Sari Andareka Murih Aditya , Rahardjanto Abdulkadir
Published: May 2020

Abstract: The increasing quality of education in Indonesia until now is inseparable from the role of non-government employees teacher. Non-government employees' teacher is referred to as non-permanent teachers (GTT) in addition to being educators who play roles as operators in improving the quality of education in schools. This study aims to describe the role of non-permanent teachers as classroom teachers and school operators including 1) the role of non-permanent teachers as classroom teachers 2) the role of non-permanent teachers as school operators 3) school principals' policy in facing the role of non-permanent teachers who have roles double as a classroom teacher and school operator. In this study, researchers used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Test the validity of data by extending the time of attendance and source triangulation. The results of the study showed that 1) non-permanent teachers in carrying out their role as classroom teachers cannot run optimally because they are often left behind to carry out their duties as school operators who leave the class at any time. 2) non-permanent teachers in carrying out their roles as operators have multiple tasks, namely as diasporic operators and BOS operators. 3) Principal policies that appoint non-permanent teachers as class teachers and school operators have an impact on the learning process in the classroom.Keywords: Temporary Teacher, School Operator, Principal Policy Abstrak: Membaiknya kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia sampai dengan sekarang tidak terlepas dari peran guru non PNS. Guru non PNS disebut sebagai guru tidak tetap (GTT) selain sebagai pendidik berperan sebagai operator dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang peran guru tidak tetap sebagai guru kelas dan operator sekolah diantaranya: 1) peran guru tidak tetap sebagai guru kelas 2) peran guru tidak tetap sebagai operator sekolah 3) kebijakan kepala sekolah dalam menghadapi peran guru tidak tetap yang memiliki peran ganda sebagai guru kelas dan operator sekolah. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data dengan memperpanjang waktu kehadiran dan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) guru tidak tetap dalam menjalankan peran sebagai guru kelas tidak dapat berjalan secara maksimal karena sering di tinggalkan untuk melaksanakan tugasnya sebagai operator sekolah yang sewaktu-waktu meninggalkan kelas. 2)guru tidak tetap dalam menjalankan peran sebagai operator memiliki tugas ganda yaitu sebagai operator dapodik dan operator BOS. 3) Kebijakan kepala sekolah yang mengangkat guru tidak tetap menjadi guru kelas dan operator sekolah berdampak terhadap proses pembelajaran di kelas.Kata kunci: Guru Tidak Tetap, Operator Sekolah, Kebijakan Kepala Sekolah
Nadzieja i własna skuteczność w procesie odstąpienia od przestępczości
Authors: Biel Krzysztof
Published: May 2020

Proces odstąpienia od przestępczości sytuuje się między indywidualnymi wyborami człowieka a jego udziałem w szerszym życiu społecznym. Sukces zależy więc zarówno od czynników indywidualnych, jak i społecznych, które oddziałują na człowieka z zewnątrz. Wśród czynników subiektywnych coraz większą rolę odgrywa kategoria nadziei i własnej skuteczności. Badania wykazują, że osoby, u których zdiagnozowano wysoki poziom nadziei i własnej skuteczności, lepiej radzą sobie w sytuacjach trudnych i mają większe szanse na wyjście na prostą. Artykuł przedstawia badania przeprowadzone wśród 90 skazanych odbywających karę po raz pierwszy. Celem badań był pomiar poziomu nadziei i własnej skuteczności oraz wykazanie związku między zmiennymi. Połowa badanych osiągnęła wysoki poziom nadziei i własnej skuteczności, nadzieja zaś jest istotnym predyktorem własnej skuteczności.
Osoby z niepełnosprawnością w izolacji penitencjarnej – pozór a/i rzeczywistość
Authors: Sakowicz-Boboryko Agnieszka , Otapowicz Dorota , Wyrzykowska-Koda Dorota
Published: May 2020

W artykule podjęto próbę opisania wycinka rzeczywistości penitencjarnej osób z niepełnosprawnością dotyczącego podejmowanych wobec nich działań pomocowych. Istotę rozważań stanowi pytanie: jak człowiekowi „podwójnie” naznaczonemu społecznie – wskutek niepełnosprawności i izolacji więziennej – pomóc w odzyskaniu godności osobistej oraz zdolności do samodzielnego, na miarę jego możliwości i potrzeb, uczestnictwa w życiu społecznym. Przyjmując za podstawę rozważań holistyczny model niepełnosprawności, sytuację osadzonych w zakładach karnych rozpatrywano w perspektywie interakcyjnej, z uwzględnieniem działań ukierunkowanych bezpośrednio na osoby z niepełnosprawnością (działania terapeutyczne/ rehabilitacyjne) oraz ich środowisko fizyczne i społeczne (działania normalizacyjne). W wyniku analizy dostępnych źródeł (literatury przedmiotu, raportów i materiałów publicystycznych)wskazano na liczne mankamenty w organizacji i przebiegu działań pomocowych podejmowanych w jednostkach penitencjarnych na rzecz osadzonych z niepełnosprawnością, co w konsekwencji przekłada się na ich znikomą skuteczność.
From authoritarianism to emancipation. About the dangerous areas of relationship between the probation officer and the ward
Authors: Babicka-Wirkus Anna
Published: May 2020

In the article I discuss the problem of the specificity of the relationship between the probation officer and the ward. I analyze different pedagogical approaches and discuss their positive and negative aspects. I put forward a thesis that the most developmental relationships are those based on a critical and emancipatory approach. They are demanding for both parties to interaction and force them to engage. The main danger of relationships based on this approach is the risk of falling into the so-called equality traps due to the existence of a situation of equality between entities whose legally defined relationship is hierarchical.
Family probation in Poland – the dynamics of the intensity of tasks in the investigation and enforcement proceedings
Authors: Kozłowski Paweł
Published: May 2020

The article presents the dynamics of the number of tasks performed by probation officers in Poland in the last decade. The analysis of the number of tasks undertaken by court superintendents, both in cases after the issuance of a judgment and in duties performed before the issuance of a judgment, was made. On the basis of the analyses, conclusions concerning the number of tasks of court guardians in the period from 2009 to 2018 in Poland were presented. There were also presented postulates for changes, including legal changes, resulting from the practical aspect of the performance of tasks by superintendents in family and juvenile cases and in cases of persons obliged to treat alcohol dependence were also presented.
Diagnosing, planning and methodology of work of probation officers
Authors: Kwadrans Łukasz
Published: May 2020

The text is an attempt to describe and diagnose the activities carried out by court superintendents in the area of methodology of their work on the basis of nationwide research. The team established by the Institute of Justice developed a questionnaire, conducted an empirical (file) survey on a sample of over 500 court cases, a dogmatic, statistical, comparative and comparative analysis and the results of the observation not participating in the scope specified in the report. The article is only a fragment of these studies concerning preparation for work, diagnosis, to go on to indicate the way of planning, evaluation and selection of methods of rehabilitation, educational or preventive work by family curators. The analysis shows that the individual case study method (casework) is not the dominant way of working with supervised persons, but one of the most popular methods, even if it is not directly characterized in the documentation. The basic method of influence is direct psychotechnics – most often identified with dialogue, conversation, persuasion, motivation, awarenessraising, persuasion or support, and above all, educational conversation. Control is one of the most common forms of influence. The study ends with the presentation of conclusions, recommendations, recommendations and methodological indications as well as proposals for systemic solutions concerning also the possibilities of raising professional competences.
Existem direitos de solidariedade? A tradição clássica e as propostas liberais
Authors: Massini-Correas Carlos Ignacio
Published: May 2020

RESUMONo presente trabalho, o autor começa explicando os vários significados do termo “solidariedade”, em especial no que se refere a fato social ou a uma atitude ou ação ética, fazendo referência somente ao aspecto ético da solidariedade. Após, estuda-se o fundamento da solidariedade ética, que se encontra na noção de bem comum, concebendo-se como uma perfeição em que participam aqueles que integram um todo relacional-prático. Logo se analisa o modo com que o pensamento liberal primeiramente debilitou e depois eliminou a noção de bem comum, centrando-se em bens meramente individuais e impossibilitando a justificação racional da solidariedade ética, seja concretando em direitos, virtudes, normas, deveres ou nas realidades remanescentes dessa índole. Nas conclusões, reivindica-se a vinculação necessária entre a solidariedade ética e a ideia de bem comum.PALAVRAS-CHAVESolidariedade. Ética. Bem comum. Liberalismo.ABSTRACTThe author begins by explaining the various meanings of the concept “solidarity”, especially those referring to a certain social fact or an ethical attitude or activity, taking the ethic expression of the solidarity. Then we proceed to study the foundation of ethical solidarity, if it is found in the notion of the common good, if it is conceived as a perfection of the participants that integrate a relational-practical whole. Then we analyzed the way in which liberal thought first has been weakened and then eliminated the notion of common good, focusing on merely individual goods and making impossible the rational justification of ethical solidarity. It is concretized in the rights, virtues, norms, duties, or the remaining realities of that nature. In conclusion, we will claim the necessary link between ethical solidarity and the idea of the common good.KEYWORDSSolidarity. Ethics. Common good. Liberalism.
Conciliar no Tribunal é possível? Uma análise da experiência do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Menezes Neto Elias Jacob de , Gomes Igor Da Silva
Published: May 2020

RESUMOA Resolução nº 125/2010 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça foi um marco importante para a criação de políticas públicas de resolução adequada dos conflitos, o que foi ampliado pela entrada em vigor do Código de Processo Civil de 2015. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo busca compreender a viabilidade das práticas conciliatórias no 2º grau de jurisdição. Para tanto, realiza, a partir da metodologia de estudo de caso, uma análise da experiência do TJRN, especificamente do seu Núcleo de Conciliação. Utiliza dados do próprio órgão sobre as audiências, limitando o escopo aos anos de 2016 e 2017. Procede, ainda, com análise doutrinária e legislativa, sendo o estudo de relevância para exteriorizar a efetividade (ou não) do método consensual de resolução de disputas. Conclui-se que o TJRN tem trazido resultados positivos, chegando, no ano de 2017, ao índice de êxito de 34% no Núcleo de Conciliação e 1,6% no Tribunal como um todo, números acima da média nacional.PALAVRAS-CHAVEConciliação. Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Norte. Políticas Públicas de Resolução de Conflitos. ABSTRACTThe CNJ’s (Brazilian National Council of Justice) Resolution nº 125/2010 was an important landmark for create public policies for the adequate resolution of conflicts, which was amplified after the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure of 2015. This research aims to understand if it’s possible to use conciliation in Courts of Appeal. In order to do so, it analyses data from conciliation sessions held at the TJRN/NC (Conciliation Chamber of the Courts of Appeal at the state of Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil) between 2016 and 2017. In addition, it analyses the current theoretical and legal framework on conflict resolution. It concludes that TJRN has been achieving positive results, reaching, in 2017, a successful rate of 34% at the TJRN/NC and of 1.6% on all Court levels, numbers above the national average.KEYWORDSConciliation. Court of Appeal of Rio Grande do Norte.