bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutionalizing research capacity strengthening in LMICs: A systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Vicente-Crespo Marta , Agunbiade Ojo , Eyers John , Thorogood Margaret , Fonn Sharon
Published: September 2020

Background: Evidence on effective strategies to ensure sustainability of research capacity strengthening interventions in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) institutions is lacking. This systematic review identified publications describing research capacity building programs and noted their effect, their contexts, and the mechanisms, processes and social actors employed in them.

Methods: We searched online databases for the period 2011-2018. Inclusion criteria were that the publications 1) described the intervention; 2) were implemented in LMICs; 3) were based in, or relevant to, university staff or post docs; 4) aimed to improve research capacity; 5) aimed to effect change at the institutional level. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full text in consecutive rounds, a third resolved disagreements. Two people extracted the data of each full text using a data extraction tool covering data relevant to our question.

Results: In total 4052 citations were identified and 19 papers were included, which referred to 14 interventions. Only three interventions mentioned using a conceptual framework to develop their approach and none described using a theory of change to assess outcomes. The most frequent inputs described were some method of formal training, promotion of a research-conducive environment and establishment of research support systems. A range of outcomes were reported, most frequently an increased number of publications and proportion of staff with PhDs. When factors of success were discussed, this was attributed to a rigorous approach to implementation, adequate funding, and local buy-in. Those who mentioned sustainability linked it to availability of funds and local buy-in. The lack of a common lexicon and a framework against which to report outcomes made comparison between initiatives difficult.

Conclusions: The reduced number of interventions that met the inclusion criteria suggests that programs should be well-described, evaluated systematically, and findings published so that the research capacity strengthening community can extract important lessons.
Predicting the evolution and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal
Authors: Pais Ricardo J. , Taveira Nuno
Published: September 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic that has been affecting Portugal since 2 March 2020. The Portuguese government has been making efforts to contradict the exponential growth through lockdown, social distancing and the usage of masks. However, these measures have been implemented without controlling the compliance degree and how much is necessary to achieve an effective control. To address this issue, we developed a mathematical model to estimate the strength of Government-Imposed Measures (GIM) and predict the impact of the degree of compliance on the number of infected cases and peak of infection. We estimate the peak to be around 650 thousand infected cases with 53 thousand requiring hospital care by the beginning of May if no measures were taken. The model shows that the population compliance of the GIM was gradual between   30% to 75%, contributing to a significant reduction on the infection peak and mortality. Importantly, our simulations show that the infection burden could have been further reduced if the population followed the GIM immediately after their release on 18 March.
Case Report: Ramipril and microscopic colitis; a necessary tool of cardiologists can rarely be devastating for patients
Authors: Hasan Saad , Ur Rahman Haseeb , Hutchison Stephen
Published: September 2020

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors could lead to severe diarrhoea related to microscopic colitis. Few of such cases have been reported before and this serious problem, from a widely used class of drugs in hypertension and heart failure, needs to be more recognised. We describe the case of collagenous colitis related to ramipril use in the following case report.

A 74-year-old farmer who had a history of triple vessel coronary artery disease was admitted to district general hospital with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. He had known alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis with chronic diarrhoea as a complication, which was managed with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. However, he developed severe worsening of diarrhoea causing bowel incontinence and nocturnal symptoms during his admission to hospital. The explosive and watery nature of diarrhoea with urgency was so troublesome that it delayed coronary revascularisation and lead him to have significant psychological distress and low mood while nocturnal bowel motions meant he was unable to sleep. He was compliant with his pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy during this period. Infective causes were ruled out by stool microbiology examination and coeliac disease by oesophagogastroscopy and biopsy. It was noticed that he was recently prescribed ramipril that was later stopped as a possible diarrhoea trigger. Diarrhoea started settling immediately and resolved to his baseline within a week. A colonoscopy was performed in the meantime and biopsies demonstrated microscopic colitis (MC). He did not tolerate budesonide well so was stopped. However, a follow-up colonoscopy with biopsy in two months showed resolution of MC.
Memorial da Terra. Tentaram nos enterrar, mas não sabiam que éramos sementes.
Authors: Do Nascimento Hugo Gomes
Published: September 2020

Memorial da Terra é um projeto de investigação permanente que busca propor desde os lugares da arte, miradas críticas a cerca das dinâmicas territóriais na Amazônia - os modelos de ocupação e exploração, as violências estruturais, os modos de representação, os processos de identificação, desvios e silenciamentos. Trabalho de inventari_ação sempre inacabado, pode assumir diferentes formas ao se tornar público. Em Tentaram nos enterrar mas não sabiam que éramos sementes, ao relacionar imagens documentais - produzidas ou coletadas durante percursos artivistas pela região - a fotografias orgânicas - copiadas através de emulsões fotosensíveis provenientes da natureza local - de vítimas de conflitos pela terra, o que se busca é construir esse espaço narrativo no qual memórias dissidentes são lembradas e fortalecidas, e toda uma trajetória coletiva de luta dos povos tradicionais da Amazônia é homenageada. Esperança Vive! Este trabalho é também dedicado a Arthur Leandro Maroja - Tatá Kinamboji - mestre de toda uma geração de artistas combativos do norte
Há aqui uma terra devastada
Authors: Sá Alexandre
Published: September 2020

editorial
How widely has ANTT been adopted in NHS hospitals and community care organisations in England and Scotland?
Authors: Rowley Stephen , Clare Simon
Published: September 2020

Background:

To the detriment of patient safety, the important clinical competency of aseptic technique has been notoriously variable in practice, and described ambiguously in the literature, internationally. From a UK perspective, attempts have been made to improve patient safety by reducing variability and improving education and practice through standardisation. The Welsh Government mandated Aseptic Non Touch Technique (ANTT®) as a specific national standard in 2015. All healthcare organisations in England are required by the Health and Social Care Act 2008 to have a single standard aseptic technique, demonstrable by the clinical governance indicators of education, training, competency assessment and compliance audit. In Scotland, an education-based initiative was launched by NHS Education for Scotland in 2012. To review the impact of these and other initiatives on the current status of aseptic technique, all NHS trusts in England and NHS health boards in Scotland were assessed under the Freedom of Information procedure.

Findings:

93% of NHS trusts in England use a single standard for aseptic technique. In 88% of these trusts the single standard was stipulated as being ANTT. In Scotland, 62% of NHS acute and community care hospitals within health boards use a single standard. In 56% of these, the single standard was ANTT. When including those that use ANTT in combination with other techniques ANTT usage is 73%.

Conclusion:

These data demonstrate significant progress in standardising aseptic technique education, assessment and governance, and confirms ANTT as the de facto aseptic technique used in NHS trusts in England and health boards in Scotland.
Comparison of Lysimeter-Derived Crop Coefficients for Legacy and Modern Drought-Tolerant Maize Hybrids in the Texas High Plains
Authors: Marek Gary W. , Marek Thomas H. , Evett Steven R. , Bell Jourdan M. , Colaizzi Paul D. , Brauer David K. , Howell Terry A.
Published: September 2020

Highlights

Daily maximum crop coefficient (Kc) values were similar for legacy hybrids and a modern drought-tolerant (DT) hybrid.

Later planting dates for a DT hybrid resulted in average season lengths ~25 days shorter than those of legacy hybrids.

Results illustrated the effects of environment, planting date, interannual variation in temperature, and the importance of climate-specific Kc functions.

DT hybrids may be more effective at reproductive growth during periods of heat stress in semi-arid environments, although additional data are needed to support this conclusion.

Abstract. Corn (Zea mays L.) is a major irrigated crop grown in the Southern High Plains including the Texas Panhandle. Irrigation from the Ogallala Aquifer is required to sustain profitable corn production in the region by supplementing inadequate and erratic rainfall. Effective irrigation scheduling works to extend limited groundwater resources by avoiding water losses associated with runoff and/or percolation below the root zone. The use of crop coefficient (Kc) and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) values to estimate daily crop water use (ETc) remains an effective scheduling tool that can complement other irrigation scheduling approaches. Both Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO-56) piecewise and curvilinear Kc values for corn are found in the literature. However, advances in corn genetics have led to questions about the applicability of Kc values developed using legacy corn hybrids to irrigation of modern drought-tolerant (DT) hybrids. Lysimeter-derived Kc values for legacy corn hybrids grown in large weighing lysimeter fields at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory at Bushland, Texas, were compared with those derived from a modern DT corn hybrid recently grown in the same fields. Results indicated that although midseason daily Kc values were similar for all hybrids, average season length was ~25 days shorter for the modern DT hybrid, characterized by a shortened initial growth period followed by more rapid increase of Kc during the development period. However, plots of Kc over thermal time illustrated that the differences in season length were likely attributable to later planting dates associated with the DT corn hybrids. Average seasonal water use was 730 and 811 mm for the legacy and modern DT hybrids, respectively (three years each), with corresponding average yields of 1.2 and 1.4 kg ha-1. Results suggest that published Kc and Kcb values developed with legacy corn hybrids remain largely applicable to modern DT corn hybrids when used with accurate estimates of effective canopy-based growth stages and climate-specific Kc functions. Keywords: Crop coefficients, Drought-tolerant, Evapotranspiration, Maize, Weighing lysimeters.
Challenges and Opportunities for Education in Irrigation Engineering
Authors: Porter Dana O. , Irmak Suat , Lamm Freddie , Marek Thomas , Rein Bradley
Published: September 2020

Declining enrollments in a declining number of university degree programs in irrigation engineering are generating concern about the future of irrigation engineering expertise.

Technical degree and certificate programs offer options for professionals in irrigation careers, especially those in landscape irrigation careers requiring licensure.

Extension programs are evolving to include more on-demand internet-based and social media-based information delivery, as audiences have become more accustomed to these platforms.

Addressing workforce and expertise needs in irrigation engineering is critically important, and it will involve equipping future professionals to address national and international challenges in agriculture.

Abstract. Irrigation continues to be economically important in the U.S. and internationally, yet there is concern about future accessibility to appropriate expertise and the engineering preparation of irrigation professionals for both public and private sectors. Recent and impending retirements of academic and industry leaders, losses of some important academic programs (curricula/degree programs, research, and extension) in irrigation engineering, and reduced numbers of students threaten to significantly limit irrigation engineering capacity, especially in agricultural irrigation. Some of the challenges can be met through opportunities afforded by development of distance education programs; expansion of multi-state, multi-agency, multi-university collaborations; and increasing public-private partnerships, as well as through vigorous recruitment efforts. Recruitment can be strengthened by improving the competitiveness of salaries to be commensurate with other engineering disciplines, and by demonstrating and better explaining the abilities of the irrigation engineering profession to meet future challenges related to food, fiber, fuel, and ecosystem demands of a rapidly growing global population. While access to irrigation engineering expertise, especially domestic expertise, has declined, the need for such technical support and information for practitioners has not decreased. In fact, in many cases, technical advancements from public and industry developments have greatly outpaced the capacity for applied research and extension programs to robustly evaluate technologies and deliver objective, science-based recommendations. Growing knowledge gaps and time lags have exacerbated restlessness among some audiences, increasing the opportunities for promotion of unsubstantiated claims for some products that remain unchallenged, and further confusing appropriate selection from a growing array of available technologies. Keywords: Continuing education, Distance education, Extension, Irrigation engineering, Public-private partnerships, Technical support.
Surface Irrigation in the Lower Mississippi River Basin: Trends and Innovations
Authors: Reba Michele L. , Massey Joseph H.
Published: September 2020

Highlights

Between 1950 and 2017, there was a 12-fold increase in irrigated area in Arkansas and a doubling in Louisiana.

Groundwater provides over 90% of the irrigation water applied to the 4 Mha of cropland in the LMRB.

Ongoing efforts to address aquifer declines have been multi-faceted and include those of producers, public (local, state, and federal) institutions, and private organizations.

Irrigation water management innovations include precision grading, reduced-flood or no-flood rice irrigation, pump automation, computerized hole selection, flowmeter requirements, and permit-based water use limitations.

Abstract. The Lower Mississippi River Basin (LMRB) is an agricultural region of national and international significance. The basin relies heavily on the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer to provide over 90% of the irrigation water applied to over four million hectares of cropland, with Arkansas using approximately 70% of the water and Mississippi and Missouri using approximately 15% each. Surface methods predominate, especially furrow irrigation using plastic lay-flat tubing in corn, cotton, peanut, and soybean and flood methods in rice. Irrigation extent has steadily increased by approximately 2% per year, such that irrigation withdrawals, combined with the region’s geology, have led to considerable aquifer declines in portions of Arkansas and Mississippi. Attempts to address these declines have been multi-faceted and include innovations in crop management and source water management, and programs in water resources management. Crop management innovations are focused on soybean and rice production and include precision grading, reduced-flood or no-flood rice irrigation, pump automation, and computerized hole selection. Adoption of these practices remains heavily reliant on field demonstrations and extension outreach. Source water management innovations include on-farm reservoirs, managed aquifer recharge, and regional-scale river diversions. Due to the concerted efforts of producers participating in regional and state programs, progress has been made in making surface irrigation more efficient and less reliant on groundwater. However, aquifer decline remains a challenge to the LMRB’s economy, ecology, and culture. Keywords: Aquifer decline, Irrigation, Lower Mississippi River Basin, Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, Surface water.
Designing a wideband dielectric polygonal directional beam antenna
using the ray inserting method
Authors: Taskhiri Mohammad Mahdi , Fakhte Saeed
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the design of a wideband polygonal directional beam
antenna based on the ray inserting method. The wideband characteristic
of the directional beam antenna is achieved thanks to the use of
inhomogeneous dielectric material. Also, unlike most previous works,
the present design can be implemented with the isotropic and above
unity refractive index materials, consequently simplifying its
fabrication process. The finite difference time domain scheme is used
to evaluate the directional beam antenna.
Measurement of supersonic jet screech with focused laser differential interferometry
Authors: Price Theron J. , Gragston Mark , Schmisseur John D. , Kreth Phillip A.
Published: September 2020

Focused laser differential interferometry (FLDI) is used to measure a well-characterized, 17 kHz screech tone emitted from an underexpanded Mach 1.5 jet. Measurements are made at numerous spatial locations in and around the jet flow-field, where intrusive diagnostics would otherwise influence the flow-field. Results from FLDI measurements are shown to agree with measurements from microphones and analyses of high-speed schlieren. The agreement is used to demonstrate FLDI is a valid and accurate technique for measuring screech tones in jet flow-fields, and furthermore that FLDI can be used to measure jet screech at various spatial locations around the jet, and notably inside of the jet, where microphones and other intrusive diagnostics cannot be used effectively.
Spatially modulated snapshot imaging polarimeter using two Savart polariscopes
Authors: Bo Jian , Xing Wenhe , Gu Yunting , Yan Changxiang , Wang Xiaodong , Ju Xueping
Published: September 2020

We present a spatially modulated snapshot imaging polarimeter using two Savart polariscopes (SMSIPTS). Not only can it avoid alignment angle errors and additional phase errors of a half-wave plate (HWP), it can also avoid changing the HWP frequently when we want the target polarization state at different wavelengths and can increase some channel bandwidth to improve image quality, compared with a spatially modulated snapshot imaging polarimeter (SMSIP). The alignment angle error and additional phase errors of SMSIP and the optical layout and principle of SMSIPTS are derived first. The full Stokes polarization images can be obtained by processing the interferogram. Based on SMSIPTS, we determine the filtering method by simulation. We proved the feasibility of SMSIPTS, and the effect of SMSIPTS and SMSIP on reconstruction is compared by simulation. Last, we experimentally verified the feasibility of the theory of SMSIPTS.
Role of pH level on the morphology and growth rate of myelin figures
Authors: Allah Panahi Marzieh , Tahmasebi Zahra , Abbasian Vahid , Amiri Mohammad , Moradi Ali-Reza
Published: September 2020

The myelin figure (MF) is one of the basic structures of lipids, and the study of their formation and the effect of various parameters on their growth is useful in understanding several biological processes. In this paper, we address the influence of the pH degree of the surrounding medium on MF dynamics. We introduce a tunable shearing digital holographic microscopy arrangement to obtain quantitative and volumetric information about the complex growth of MFs. Our results show that (1) the time evolution of relative length and volume changes of MFs follows a power-law, (2) the acidity facilitates the growth rate, and (3) the acidic environment causes the formation of thicker MFs.
Generation and control of phase-locked Bessel beams with a persistent noninterfering region
Authors: Rodnova Zhanna , Saule Tobias , Sadlon Richard , McManus Edward , May Nicholas , Yu Xiaoming , Shahbazmohamadi Sina , Trallero-Herrero Carlos A.
Published: September 2020

We present, to the best of our knowledge, a novel method for the
generation of multiple Bessel-like (Bessel–Gauss) beams with tilted
wavefronts whose optical phases can be controlled independently. In
the far field multiple field-free regions develop that are persistent
to interference effects and the optical phase. The extent of these
field-free regions can be controlled through the tilt angle of the
wavefront with a theoretical maximum resolution of 0.1 mrad.
Experimentally we employ a spatial light modulator, a lens, and an
axicon, each suitable for narrow-band (continuous-wave) and broadband
operation. Because of the simplicity in the optical elements, the
number of noninterfering Bessel-like beams can be scaled on demand for
applications that require multiple sources for coherent imaging or
multiple intense beams over a controllable region with the added
benefit of a field-free region for detection. Here, for reasons of
clarity, we characterized two beams.
Narrow-band asymmetric transmission based on the dark mode of Fano resonance on symmetric trimeric metasurfaces
Authors: Fu Tao , Liu Fei , An Yinbing , Li Qi , Xiao Gong-li , Sun Tang-you , Li Hai-ou
Published: September 2020

Asymmetric transmission (AT) is useful for polarization manipulation. We report narrowband AT that utilizes a triple-layered symmetric trimeric metasurface with near-field coupling of the dark mode of the Fano resonance. The coupling strength of the dark mode was tuned by using a mid-layer to break the dim AT between two slit layers. The peak transmission of linearly polarized waves and percentage bandwidth reached 0.7719 and 1.26% (numerical simulations) and 0.49 and 1.9% (experiments), respectively. Coupled-mode theory and field patterns are utilized to explain the underlying physical mechanisms of the mid-layer assisted field coupling. These results are useful for Fano-resonance-based devices.
20 kHz dual-plane stereo-PIV measurements on a swirling flame using a two-legged burst-mode laser
Authors: Yang Zifeng , Wang Sirui , Zheng Jianyi , Li Lei , Liu Xunchen , Gao Yi , Qi Fei
Published: September 2020

Dual-plane stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) is capable of
quantifying the flow field in terms of three-component (3C) flow
vectors and 3C vorticity vectors simultaneously. Here, we present a
test rig to carry out the 20 kHz dual-plane stereo PIV measurements on
a premixed swirling flame by using a two-legged burst-mode laser.
Other than the traditional methods employing the laser polarization
direction and the two-color separation methods, two same-color laser
sheets with a 100 ns delay were adopted to separate the imaging
processes for the two pairs of cameras using the image straddling
method. Each laser sheet with the same wavelength of 532 nm has a
pulse cyclic frequency of 20 kHz within each burst generated by the
high-repetition-rate burst-mode laser. 3C velocity vectors of a
swirling flame were obtained based on the sequential particle images
for each laser sheet. In spite of non-perfect simultaneous flow
measurements on the two spatially separated laser sheets, the velocity
error caused by the 100 ns delay on top of a 50 μs duration, which was
used for the velocity vector calculation, is negligible. This
short-delay separation method significantly simplifies the
experimental setup for dual-plane stereo PIV measurements, especially
for low-speed flows.
On-chip metalenses based on one-dimensional gradient trench in the broadband visible
Authors: Yang Rui , Shi Yangyang , Dai Chenjie , Wan Chengwei , Wan Shuai , Li Zhongyang
Published: September 2020

Metasurfaces are composed of flat, ultrathin subwavelength nanoantennas with strong capability in manipulating light propagation by modulations on its phase, amplitude, and polarization. For instance, the invention of two-dimensional (2D) metalenses has enabled light focusing and imaging in three-dimensional (3D) free space with miniaturized thickness and device size at a planar surface. However, such inherent form of 2D arrays and focusing functionality at 3D optical free-space limits the degree of freedom for light propagation and manipulation along a 2D planar surface and eventually the possibility of on-chip photonic system integration. Here, we theoretically study and demonstrate a new type of planar on-chip metalens, which enables light focusing and strong localization at a 2D surface. The planar on-chip architecture design is based on the one-dimensional (1D) length or width gradient trench metalens (GTM), which could yield the elaborately engineered phase shift for propagating light within the on-chip waveguide at the visible wavelength of 500 nm. By generating 1D phase arrangement at the nanoscale, a miniature on-chip metalens with

∼

3

×

0.5

µ

m

dimension could achieve light focusing on a 2D waveguide surface with the flexibility to design scalable focal lengths and ultra-high numerical aperture of up to

∼

0.99

. Additionally, GTM metalens designs could also exhibit overlapped high depth-of-focus, which consequently could behave as achromatic-like lensing at the selected focal plane. Furthermore, we manifest that the focusing functionality can also be subject to dynamically tuning and switching on-and-off with TE/TM polarization change or waveguide index alteration. We believe this new form of on-chip 1D metalens holds potential applications including on-chip light manipulation functionality of focusing and diverging, optical on-chip sensing, next-generation on-chip optical communication, signal processing as well as imaging devices, etc.
Revealing the intrinsic nonlinear optical response of a single MoS2 nanosheet in a suspension based on spatial self-phase modulation
Authors: Xiao Si , Ma Ying , He Yilin , Wang Yiduo , Xin Hao , Fan Qi , Zhang Jingdi , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Yu , He Jun , Wang Yingwei
Published: September 2020

The reorientation of 2D materials caused by nonlocal electron coherence is the formation mechanism of 2D material spatial self-phase modulation under laser irradiation, which is widely known as the “wind-chime” model. Here, we present a method that provides strong evidence for the reorientation of 2D-material-induced spatial self-phase modulation. The traditional “wind-chime” model was modified by taking into account the attenuation, i.e., damping of the incident light beam in the direction of the optical path. Accordingly, we can extract the nonlinear refractive index of a single

MoS

2

nanosheet, instead of simply obtaining the index from an equivalent

MoS

2

film that was constructed by all nanosheets. Our approach introduces a universal and accurate method to extract intrinsic nonlinear optical parameters from 2D material systems.
Cavity engineering of two-dimensional perovskites and inherent light-matter interaction
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Zhong Yangguang , Yang Fan , Cao Qinxuan , Du Wenna , Shi Jianwei , Liu Xinfeng
Published: September 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites are hybrid layered materials in which the inorganic lattice of an octahedron is sandwiched by organic layers. They behave as a quantum-well structure exhibiting large exciton binding energy and high emission efficiency, which is excellent for photonic applications. Hence, the cavity modulation and cavity devices of 2D perovskites are widely investigated. In this review, we summarize the rich photophysics, synthetic methods of different cavity structures, and the cavity-based applications of 2D perovskites. We highlight the strong exciton–photon coupling and photonic lasing obtained in different cavity structures. In addition, functional optoelectronic devices using cavity structures of 2D perovskites are also reviewed.
Reducing the mode-mismatch noises in atom–light interactions via optimization of the temporal waveform
Authors: Feng Xiaotian , Yu Zhifei , Chen Bing , Chen Shuying , Wu Yuan , Fan Donghui , Yuan Chun-Hua , Chen L. Q. , Ou Z. Y. , Zhang Weiping
Published: September 2020

Atom–light interface is at the core of quantum metrology and quantum information science. Associated noises during interaction processes are always inevitable and adverse. In this paper, we perform the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in a hot

Rb

87

vapor cell and demonstrate the reduction of related noises originated from mode mismatch via optimizing the temporal waveform of the input seed. By using the seed with the optimized mode, the intensity fluctuation of the signal field generated in atom–light interaction is decreased by 4.3 dB. Furthermore, the fluctuation of the intensity difference between the signal and atomic spin wave is reduced by 3.1 dB. Such a temporal mode-cleaning method can be applied to improve the precision of atom interferometry using SRS and should be helpful for quantum information processing based on an atom–light correlated system.
Generation of multi-channel chaotic signals with time delay signature concealment and ultrafast photonic decision making based on a globally-coupled semiconductor laser network
Authors: Han Yanan , Xiang Shuiying , Wang Yang , Ma Yuanting , Wang Bo , Wen Aijun , Hao Yue
Published: September 2020

We propose and demonstrate experimentally and numerically a network of three globally coupled semiconductor lasers (SLs) that generate triple-channel chaotic signals with time delayed signature (TDS) concealment. The effects of the coupling strength and bias current on the concealment of the TDS are investigated. The generated chaotic signals are further applied to reinforcement learning, and a parallel scheme is proposed to solve the multiarmed bandit (MAB) problem. The influences of mutual correlation between signals from different channels, the sampling interval of signals, and the TDS concealment on the performance of decision making are analyzed. Comparisons between the proposed scheme and two existing schemes show that, with a simplified algorithm, the proposed scheme can perform as well as the previous schemes or even better. Moreover, we also consider the robustness of decision making performance against a dynamically changing environment and verify the scalability for MAB problems with different sizes. This proposed globally coupled SL network for a multi-channel chaotic source is simple in structure and easy to implement. The attempt to solve the MAB problem in parallel can provide potential values in the realm of the application of ultrafast photonics intelligence.
Educação Infantil e formação inicial de professores: o jogo pedagógico na organização do ensino
Authors: Binsfeld Carine Daiana , Lopes Anemari Roesler Luersen Vieira
Published: September 2020

Este artigo discute parte de uma investigação desenvolvida no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, tendo por objetivo identificar aprendizagens de futuras professoras na organização do ensino de matemática na Educação Infantil, tomando o jogo pedagógico, como orientador das ações propostas. Compreende-se a Educação Infantil como um espaço de aprendizagens que proporciona à criança crescer, desenvolver-se e produzir cultura, pelas experiências com o conhecimento científico e, nesta investigação em especial, com o conhecimento matemático. A partir de tal compreensão, o embasamento teórico deste trabalho está respaldado pelos pressupostos da Teoria Histórico-Cultural, da Teoria da Atividade, da Atividade Orientadora de Ensino e do jogo como atividade principal da criança. Como procedimento metodológico organizou-se um experimento formativo com 15 encontros para estudos, discussões e desenvolvimento de situações desencadeadoras de aprendizagem em uma turma de Educação Infantil com crianças a partir de 5 anos. Quando futuros professores têm possibilidade de estudar, planejar e avaliar situações de aprendizagem, produzindo um modo geral de planejar pelo jogo como a atividade que melhor permite à criança vivenciar e experienciar os conhecimentos científicos, em especial de matemática, estão aprendendo sobre a responsabilidade social de ser professor de Educação Infantil. Isto está intrinsecamente relacionado com a função social do trabalho do professor, no que se refere à aprendizagem dos aspectos metodológicos da organização do ensino e, em especial, ao planejamento.
(Des)encontros da extensão universitária com a educação popular na Universidade Federal de São Carlos
Authors: Cunha Ana Luiza Salgado , Montrone Aida Victoria Garcia , Costa Glauber Barros Alves
Published: September 2020

Este artigo objetiva descrever e compreender experiências extensionistas e seus (des)encontros com a Educação Popular numa Universidade pública, sob a ótica de coordenadoras(es) de projetos extensionistas. Constituiu-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo-descritivo, para a qual utilizamos revisão documental e bibliográfica e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Dialogamos com coordenadoras(es) por meio de entrevistas analisadas pela Análise de Conteúdo.  Um dos mais expressivos resultados obtidos foi a constatação de que experiência na Extensão Universitária pode promover espaços formativos na Universidade.  Ainda, os resultados apontam uma complexidade de definições de Extensão, resultado do processo histórico-social e indicam a Educação Popular como práxis educativa que legitima saberes do povo. Foi possível apreender processos educativos consolidados nas práxis extensionistas, como a busca por outras concepções de mundo, de saber e de viver, bem como a resistência dentro de uma lógica universitária dominante, problematizando para que(m) serve a Universidade.
Experiências sobre Imunização e o Papel da Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Souza Priscilla Azevedo , Gandra Beatriz , Chaves Ana Cláudia Cardozo
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma análise das experiências de imunização submetidas ao Prêmio APS Forte apontando seus desafios e praticas na condução de uma das mais relevantes e consolidadas intervenções em saúde pública no Brasil.
Carta ao editor
Authors: Bicalho Jaime Sampaio , Crosara Karla Tonelli Bicalho , Bicalho Rafael de Faria , de Oliveira Silvano Barbosa
Published: September 2020

Inicialmente, gostaríamos de agradecer o espaço cedido pela Revista Clínica de Ortodontia Dental Press, na pessoa de seu Editor Chefe, Marcio Rodrigues de Almeida, para que pudéssemos apresentar a nossa avaliação crítica à metodologia empregada no artigo publicado no volume 18, número 6, da mencionada revista, intitulado “Efeitos inesperados dos contensores 3x3 modificados no desencadeamento da vestibularização e recessão gengival nos incisivos inferiores”, bem como às conclusões que foram relatadas nesse trabalho.
O Pequeno Gigante
Authors: Janson Marcos
Published: September 2020

É incrível como a ancoragem esquelética mudou completamente a nossa especialidade. A introdução dos mini-implantes no Brasil, em larga escala, iniciou-se em meados do ano 2000, e a nossa prática nunca mais foi a mesma. Antes de sua incorporação, obtínhamos, assim como hoje, excelentes resultados nos casos convencionais, embora com muito mais esforço, mas foi na Ortodontia pré-protética e nas novas possibilidades de controle vertical dos dentes que os parafusos se mostraram essenciais, indispensáveis, e provocaram as maiores mudanças de paradigmas. No caso aqui apresentado, notamos como o uso de um único parafuso fez toda a diferença — por isso o nome “O Pequeno Gigante”. Além da mecânica em si, existem muitos outros aspectos conceituais que podem ser explorados. Vamos em frente.
Tratamento compensatório da Classe III – Ortodontia Lingual e ancoragem esquelética: relato de caso
Authors: Fonseca Júnior Guaracy Lyra da , Cardoso Randerson Menezes , Eto Luiz Fernando , Pedrini Rômulo D ́Ávila , Lima Neto Ney Tavares , Santos Luciana Karla de Morais , Ramacciato Juliana Cama
Published: September 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Os dispositivos temporários de ancoragem esquelética extra-alveolar (DTAEA) representam uma grande inovação na Ortodontia, podendo proporcionar uma boa ancoragem ortodôntica na prática clínica, necessitando de pouca cooperação dos pacientes. Esses dispositivos têm tamanho reduzido, alta resistência, fácil instalação e possibilitam movimentações em massa das arcadas dentárias, apresentando grandes vantagens para a ancoragem ortodôntica. OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a intervenção compensatória ortodôntica em um paciente com 27 anos de idade, que apresenta má oclusão de Classe III esquelética, com uso de DTAEA associado a elástico intermaxilar noturno. RESULTADOS: Os problemas oclusais foram corrigidos em treze meses de tratamento com o auxílio de mini-implantes parassuturais na região posterior do palato e adaptação de barra versátil de ancoragem esquelética para protração da arcada dentária superior. CONCLUSÃO: A abordagem ortodôntica com a utilização dos DTAEA associados ao elástico intermaxilar noturno mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento da má oclusão de Classe III esquelética, tornando-se um valioso recurso no tratamento de casos clínicos semelhantes.
Una revisión de plataformas robóticas para el sector de la construcción
Authors: Becerra Yeyson
Published: September 2020

Este artículo presenta una revisión de plataformas robóticas para el sector de la construcción; enfocándose en aquellas que fabrican piezas o módulos con geometrías complejas en entornos fuera del área de construcción; sistemas retroalimentados para entornos cambiantes y algoritmos de planificación de rutas utilizados para el posicionamiento del efector final; y por último, robots que realizan tareas pesadas o repetitivas para el beneficio del ser humano. Además, el artículo también presenta una serie de ventajas y desafíos que tienen los robots en el sector de la construcción para los años venideros.
El Occidente islámico en la obra de al-Muqaddasī
Authors: Patarnello Claudia
Published: September 2020

En el presente artículo se hará una aproximación a la obra geográfica de al-Muqaddasī (380/990), Kitāb aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm (La mejor división para el conocimiento de las provincias). Su concepción geográfica y su metodología sistemática lo convierten en uno de los mejores representantes de la literatura geográfica del siglo X. Aunque su obra abarca la geografía del imperio controlado por los musulmanes (mamlaka), el trabajo se centrará exclusivamente en Occidente islámico, del que al-Muqaddasī ofrece una visión muy interesante, tanto por su origen oriental como por las fuentes utilizadas (no viajó a al-Andalus y es poco probable que lo hiciera al Mágreb, lo cual no resta objetividad a su trabajo). Como cultivador del género de al-masālik wa-l-mamālik (Los caminos y los reinos), se ocupó de los topónimos y rutas principales occidentales, los cuales detalla exhaustivamente en su obra. Pero su labor de especialista fue más allá, interesándose por aspectos propios de la geografía física y humana. Por esta razón, en su obra ofrece muchos detalles sobre las poblaciones de las zonas descritas (costumbres, tipos de comida, vestimenta, religión etc...), aportando un testimonio único y preciso de gran valor para todos los interesados el Occidente islámico medieval.
La prensa como fuente para el estudio de la historia de la educación en España durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y la Restauración
Authors: Ramón Salinas Jorge
Published: September 2020

En el presente artículo se reflexiona acerca del uso de la hemerografía como fuente para el estudio de la historia de la educación española, tanto en un aspecto general como en lo relacionado con las didácticas específicas (humanísticas, científicas, sociales, y artísticas) durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y los comienzos del siglo XX, abarcando también el periodo de la Restauración. En primer lugar, se expone el interés de este lapso temporal en el devenir histórico de la educación española y su relación con las publicaciones periódicas para, posteriormente, analizar su potencial informativo, discriminando entre las publicaciones periódicas generalistas y las especializadas. En última instancia se incide en la necesidad de abordar el uso de la hemerografía como fuente de investigación desde la interdisciplinariedad, siendo esencial una importante formación humanística y en Ciencias Sociales de aquellos investigadores que se sirvan de ella. Así mismo, tras exponer la situación actual de los repositorios digitales de prensa histórica y el aumento gradual de sus fondos, así como la facilidad en el acceso a las publicaciones periódicas propiciadas por las nuevas tecnologías, se plantean, para el periodo aludido, una serie de pautas procedimentales. Estas configuran una propuesta metodológica orientada a la adecuada utilización de la hemerografía histórica como fuente que nos permita desplegar todo su potencial informativo, aportando nuevos datos que propicien una mejor aproximación a la historia de la educación española.
La depuración del magisterio primario en la ciudad de Segovia (1936-1939)
Authors: Sonlleva Velasco Miriam , Sanz Simón Carlos
Published: September 2020

La depuración del magisterio durante la Guerra Civil ha sido objeto de interés para muchos historiadores, que han tratado de cuantificar este proceso depurador atendiendo a variables regionales y han dejado al margen los perfiles individuales de aquellos docentes que vivieron la purga. Profundizar en sus biografías es hoy una tarea necesaria para avanzar en esta línea de investigación. El objetivo de este artículo es conocer cómo se llevó a cabo el proceso depurador del magisterio en la ciudad de Segovia (1936-1939) atendiendo a variables biográficas y de género. A través del análisis de los cargos que les fueron imputados a los treinta y siete maestros y las maestras que trabajaban en las escuelas públicas de la capital y las sanciones que recibieron, llegaremos a conocer el perfil del magisterio segoviano en el franquismo. Partimos de una metodología histórico-educativa que se sustenta en tres fuentes fundamentales: los expedientes de depuración de los docentes, sus expedientes profesionales e información biográfica de cada uno de ellos recogida en diversos archivos segovianos. Los resultados revelan cómo un grupo de maestros y maestras con un espíritu renovador, que fueron reconocidos por la administración educativa por su labor al frente de las escuelas y por sus inquietudes pedagógicas antes de la guerra, sufrieron la separación del cargo y en algunos casos la muerte. Su destino fue distinto al de aquellos docentes que cumplieron con un modelo educativo tradicional y que fueron premiados tras la depuración por su incondicional apoyo a la patria y el catolicismo.
‘La ballata dell’amore cieco’: a case study on the use of songs in Italian language learning
Authors: Campisi Salvatore
Published: September 2020

The song ‘La ballata dell’amore cieco (o della vanità)’ (1966), by Italian singer-songwriter Fabrizio De André (1940-1999), offers students opportunities to practise their language skills, stimulate their cultural appreciation, and expand their knowledge of a musical and poetic form (the ballad), while reflecting on the close connection between poetry and dance. Moving from receptive to productive skills, from gist to detail, learning activities are staged over three sessions, where students examine the song’s musical features and lyrics and then produce their own ballads in writing. The paper first discusses the benefits and pitfalls of using songs as a tool to develop linguistic skills and raise cultural awareness. It then describes the learning opportunities offered by De André’s song and concludes with an evaluation of the effectiveness of these activities, examining the potential for further research.
Russian Nationalism and Ukraine
Authors: Laruelle Marlene
Published: September 2020

"Russia has openly questioned the legitimacy of the international system, claiming the right to a distinctive sovereignty that makes the protection of its cultural body abroad a moral duty." Second in a series on resurgent nationalism around the world.
Significado de la salud al vivir en una ciudad minera: estudio cualitativo en profesionales de salud
Authors: Muñoz Carmen , Rojas Alicia , Silencio Anghelo
Published: September 2020

Introducción: Las sustancias químicas son elementos altamente tóxicos por ingesta de humos metálicos. La Oroya es una ciudad minera que comprende un conjunto de fundiciones y refinerías, catalogada como la quinta más contaminada a nivel mundial, ocasionando efectos perjudiciales en la salud, sin embargo, existen profesionales de salud que trabajan en el hospital teniendo en cuenta que la contaminación deteriora su salud. El objetivo fue Identificar, analizar y comprender el significado qué tiene la salud en los profesionales del hospital al vivir en una ciudad minera. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, sustentado en el análisis de las Representaciones Sociales. Se seleccionó 13 profesionales de salud con un mínimo de 10 años laborando, divididos en foráneos y nativos arraigados. La técnica fue la entrevista en profundidad semiestructurada. Se aplicó una guía de preguntas norteadoras construidas mediante el universo de creencias. Se utilizó el ATLASti como software de análisis textual. Resultados: Se identificó la categoría: «Salud y bienestar» vinculada a dos sub categorías: Psicosocial objetivada en: Buenas relaciones interpersonales y tranquilidad de vida. Y Aspectos físicos la cual comprende: Prácticas saludables y problemas de salud. Conclusiones: El significado de la salud es enfrentar una nueva forma de vida desafiando la contaminación de una ciudad minera. Los foráneos presentan más problemas de salud que los nativos arraigados y no tienen una buena actividad física. Ambos grupos generan nuevas costumbres, motivados por el beneficio económico mantener buenas relaciones con los pacientes y compañeros de trabajo y la vocación de servicio profesional.
"Ciencia e investigación" cumple sus primeros diez años de vida
Authors: Quevedo Ganoza Fernando
Published: September 2020

Con este número, "Ciencia e Investigación" llega a su primera década de existencia. Fue el Maestro Juan de Dios Guevara, quien en 1997, cuando le encargamos la dirección del Comité Editorial de la "Revista de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica", sugirió crear una nueva publicación científica, para la que propuso el nombre de "Ciencia e Investigación", que se encargaría de editar artículos científicos, dejando la "Revista" para las informaciones académicas sobre la vida de la facultad y para incluir las cuestiones generales sobre nuestra profesión.