bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPRENDRE EN LISANT AU PRIMAIRE EN RECOURANT À DES TEXTES INFORMATIFS ILLUSTRÉS : ÉTUDE EXPLORATOIRE
Authors: Cartier Sylvie C. , Martel Virginie , Arseneault Julie , Mourad Éliane
Published: June 2018

Une situation de lecture essentielle à la réussite de l’élève dans toutes disciplines est l’apprentissage par la lecture (APL). Afin de soutenir leurs élèves en ce sens, des enseignants d’une école urbaine en milieu défavorisé ont développé de manière collaborative une approche type de situation d’APL qu’ils adaptent selon leurs groupes et selon la discipline enseignée. La présente étude a pour objectif d’explorer la relation entre la situation d’APL, conçue par ces enseignants de 3ecycle, comprenant les tâches à réaliser et les documents de lecture proposés, et les réponses des élèves aux diverses tâches. Les principaux résultats montrent que peu des tâches proposées demandent réellement de lire et que la source d’information principale demeure textuelle. Conséquemment, le recours à l’image comme support informatif reste encore marginal et la planification de tâches d’APL, de même que le choix des textes, reste un défi majeur à relever dans la planification d’une situation d’APL au primaire.
APPROCHE SYSTÉMIQUE TRANSDISCIPLINAIRE DE L’AGOANTAGONISME ET DU DILEMME DES PRISONNIERS À PARTIR D’UN CORPUS DE BANDES DESSINÉES
Authors: Bricage Pierre
Published: June 2018

Le « dilemme des prisonniers » est une situation où deux acteurs ont intérêt à coopérer, mais chacun peut trahir l’autre. Si l’un coopère et l’autre trahit, le coopérateur est pénalisé, le traître récompensé. Si les deux trahissent, le résultat leur est moins favorable que s’ils avaient coopéré. Itéré plusieurs fois de suite, le jeu autorise chaque protagoniste à user de représailles envers l’autre ; il est utilisé pour modéliser des phénomènes en politique, en biologie et en psychologie. On montre, à l’aide d’une méthode graphique, que « trahir ou coopérer, punir la traîtrise », sont les situations qui font l’intérêt du scénario d’une bande dessinée! La méthodologie retenue détermine les stratégies des protagonistes, quelles variantes sont rencontrées d’une série à une autre, et comment émergent les situations nouvelles. Cette méthodologie ouvre aux jeux d’économie expérimentale (équilibre de Nash, optimum de Pareto) et à l’écriture d’un scénario, et permet d’intégrer l’analyse scientifique, systémique, transdisciplinaire, d’un document de littératie illustrée, dans un parcours pédagogique pluridisciplinaire, voire pluri-niveaux de formation.
UNE APPROCHE PAR LA MUSIQUE POUR DÉVELOPPER DES COMPÉTENCES DE LECTEUR
Authors: Le Meur Morgane
Published: June 2018

Les élèves contemporains rencontrent de plus en plus de difficultés à lire. Ils délaissent souvent cette activité au profit d’autres plus ludiques. Il est désormais plus fréquent de les voir avec des écouteurs sur les oreilles lorsqu’ils attendent quelque part qu’avec un livre. Pourtant, musique et littérature sont deux arts qui ont connu des liens tout au long de l’histoire. Ces liens sont le reflet d’un matériau commun, qui est la voix. Or nous constatons que cette voix est porteuse d’un message qui semble mieux passer à travers la musique pour la jeunesse actuelle. C’est pourquoi nous avons imaginé une approche où la musique serait un levier pour aider les élèves à construire différentes compétences de lecteur. Pour construire cette expérience, nous nous appuierons sur l’adaptation en disque du roman Black Bazar d’Alain Mabanckou. Ce travail consiste à lire et étudier la voix de la musique et à la comparer à la lecture d’extraits du roman. Les élèves seront amenés à prêter une attention particulière au texte entendu, puis à s’inscrire dans une démarche d’analyse quant à la lecture des textes (les chansons et les extraits de roman). Enfin, nous essaierons de comprendre comment cette double lecture enrichit les sensibilités littéraire et musicale.
EFFEUILLER LA CHANSON
Authors: Dufays Jean-Louis
Published: June 2018

Parce qu’elle allie texte, son et image, la chanson, genre multimodal par excellence, se prête idéalement à une étude intersémiotique en classe de français. Pour permettre aux enseignants d’aller dans ce sens, un dispositif intéressant consiste à envisager successivement les trois strates à propos d’une même chanson. Le texte d’abord : les élèves sont invités à y repérer tour à tour (a) la prosodie, le rythme, les refrains, (b) les sons, les rimes, (c) les registres de langue, (d) le ton, le mode d’énonciation, (e) les actes de langage, (f) la structure narrative interne, (g) la relation externe qui est établie avec l’auditeur virtuel. La bande son ensuite : il s’agit ici d’étudier (a) l’instrumentation, (b) la voix, et (c) la scansion du texte. Le clip vidéo enfin, c’est-à-dire (a) la diégèse, l’histoire racontée par le clip, (b) les procédés de la narration visuelle, et (c) les rapports qui relient ces deux niveaux. Au départ d’un exemple utilisé comme fil rouge (une chanson de Maurane), cet article montre que cette démarche permet aux élèves de considérer chaque strate pour elle-même – tant en réception qu’en production –, sans être parasités par des éléments relevant des autres strates.
LECTURE DE TEXTES LATINS ET MITIC FONT BON MÉNAGE : QUELQUES CONSIDÉRATIONS SUR L’ENSEIGNEMENT DU LATIN EN SUISSE ROMANDE
Authors: Kolde Antje
Published: June 2018

Le Plan d’études romand, qui concerne l’école obligatoire et qui est entré en vigueur dans les cantons de Suisse francophone en 2011, insiste davantage que les plans d’études antérieurs sur la lecture de textes latins, que ce soit en langue originale ou en traduction, et sur le recours aux médias, images et technologies de l’information et de la communication (MITIC).

La rencontre avec la littérature latine se trouve grandement facilitée par les MITIC. De fait, en mettant à disposition des élèves tant des aides lexicales et morphologiques que des adaptations de textes latins dans d’autres formes d’expression plus familières tels que films, bandes audios, bandes dessinées ou oeuvres d’art, ou encore en leur permettant d’en créer, les MITIC rapprochent les textes latins des élèves, favorisant leur compréhension générale et leur contextualisation.

Outre quelques réflexions théoriques, cette contribution se propose essentiellement de présenter quelques sites et portails liés à l’Antiquité, tout comme de montrer quelques dispositifs didactiques alliant l’étude conjointe de textes latins et de films, de bandes audios, de bandes dessinées et d’oeuvres d’art constituant des adaptations desdits textes.
L’ALBUM DOCUMENTAIRE : QUELLE CONSTRUCTION DE L’INFORMATION ENTRE TEXTE ET IMAGE ?
Authors: Leclaire-Halté Anne
Published: June 2018

Les albums documentaires font partie du secteur éditorial de la littérature de jeunesse. Très peu d’études leur sont aujourd’hui consacrées, alors même que les collections évoluent en même temps que les savoirs et la médiation livresque entre ces derniers et le jeune lecteur. Ouvrages multimodaux, composites (Bautier, Crinon, Delarue-Breton et Marin 2012), se différenciant parfois peu de la production fictionnelle, ils nécessitent des compétences de lecture liées à leur particularité plurisémiotique (ils peuvent mêler textes, photos, images, schémas…). L’article qui suit s’appuie sur la comparaison de deux doubles pages d’albums documentaires pour préciser, dans une perspective à la fois sémiotique et cognitive, la façon dont se joue la complémentarité du texte et de l’image dans la construction de l’information par le lecteur, tant au niveau global de l’organisation de la double page (entre titre, éléments textuels et iconiques) qu’à un niveau plus local (traitement du rapport générique/particulier, degré d’intersection variable entre texte et image, complémentarité texte/image dans l’informativité).
COMÉDIE CLASSIQUE, DRAME ROMANTIQUE : LA BD MODE D’EMPLOI
Authors: Fourtanier Marie-José
Published: June 2018

Cette communication se propose de présenter diverses modalités de lecture de deux pièces canoniques du répertoire théâtral, mais aussi des programmes scolaires français, L’Avare de Molière (souvent étudié au collège) et Ruy Blas de Victor Hugo (plutôt au lycée) par le truchement de deux adaptations du plasticien J.-P. Lihou en bande dessinée.

Au-delà de l’étude conjointe de ces oeuvres littéraires et de leur transposition en bande dessinée permettant de comparer les modes d’expression respectifs de ces deux formes artistiques et les spécificités de chaque système narratif, je me demanderai si la bande dessinée à elle seule ne constitue pas une oeuvre « spectaculaire » à part entière, texte et représentation étant doublement assumés par le dessin et la mise en page.
DÉVELOPPER CONJOINTEMENT LA COMPÉTENCE MULTIMODALE ET LES COMPÉTENCES SÉMIOTIQUES SPÉCIFIQUES À L’AIDE D’UN DISPOSITIF ASSOCIANT LA LITTÉRATURE, LES SÉRIES TÉLÉVISÉES ET LA BANDE DESSINÉE
Authors: Vrydaghs David
Published: June 2018

Le développement d’une littératie multimodale s’est accompagné de l’essor de réflexions didactiques soulignant l’importance de la compétence multimodale comme compétence capable d’améliorer la lecture littéraire et les compétences sémiotiques propres à chaque média abordé. On cherchera à montrer l’intérêt d’une telle combinaison à partir d’un dispositif associant des multitextes en apparence très différents (soit une oeuvre littéraire, une bande dessinée et un extrait de série télévisée consacrés à des personnages, des histoires et des univers distincts). Celui-ci a été élaboré dans le cadre d’une activité de formation continuée d’enseignants de français du secondaire (Belgique). Il a été testé et co-construit par les enseignants. Les résultats de cette expérimentation tendent à confirmer l’importance de la compétence multimodale pour le développement de compétences propres à la lecture littéraire.
Bertrand Russell : pour une philosophie de l’action en temps de guerre
Authors: Mercier Andrea
Published: June 2018

Cet article aborde l’influence de la Première Guerre mondiale sur la vie philosophique de Bertrand Russell, qui s’insurgea implacablement contre la violence et repensa les conditions nécessaires à une paix durable. La philosophie politique qui en découle, consignée dans les Principes de reconstruction sociale (PRS), est de plusieurs façons une « pensée de l’action » ; elle prend pour objet le domaine de l’activité humaine, mais répond également au besoin criant d’une pensée utile pour agir en temps de crise. Cette pensée est aussi le mode d’action propre du philosophe, donc son plus grand pouvoir sur l’ordre des choses dans le monde.
L’examen critique des gages spéciaux : révélations autour de ces techniques d’appropriation directe de la valeur
Authors: Benadiba Aurore
Published: June 2018

Les premières modifications intervenues en 2008, notamment celles instaurant une première série de dispositions tels les articles 2714.1 à 2714.9 et 2759 dans le Code civil du Québec, ont amorcé la dématérialisation des valeurs mobilières dans le domaine du gage. Le nouveau concept de la maîtrise des valeurs mobilières et des titres intermédiés côtoie celui d’une dépossession matérielle caractérisée par la remise matérielle du titre représentant des créances et prévue par les articles 2702 et 2709 C.c.Q. Ainsi, la maîtrise des valeurs mobilières et des titres intermédiés, obtenue au moyen notamment de l’inscription en compte du nom du nouveau titulaire du gage, de la conclusion d’un contrat de maîtrise ou non, figure parmi les nouvelles manières permettant d’atteindre cette dématérialisation du contrat de gage de nature spéciale. Le calque du régime américain de l’article 9 de l’Uniform Commercial Code a permis d’importer la notion de contrôle (control) sur des actifs déposés en compte dans la législation québécoise. Récemment, au moyen d’une nouvelle série de dispositions civilistes prévues par les articles 2713.1 à 2713.9 C.c.Q., le législateur a admis à nouveau le gage par maîtrise sur certaines créances dites pécuniaires, c’est-à-dire sur toute créance déposée sur un compte obligeant le débiteur à rembourser, à rendre ou à restituer une somme d’argent ou encore à effectuer un tout autre paiement ayant pour objet une somme d’argent (art. 2713.1 et 2713.4 C.c.Q.). Ce gage par maîtrise met en place notamment un mécanisme simplifié de compensation au moyen de nouvelles règles dérogatoires au gage. Il vise aussi d’autres applications possibles utilisant, par exemple, les comptes clients d’une entreprise, les sommes d’argent déposées au sein d’un compte en fidéicommis, le dépôt entre locataire et locateur. Il suscite aussi de nombreuses inquiétudes quant à la sécurité des transactions à l’égard des tiers. Plus important encore, ces nouveaux gages spéciaux par maîtrise revisitent à la fois les notions classiques de sûreté mobilière et de propriété pour en faire notamment des techniques de garantie d’appropriation de la valeur.
Les biens et l’immatérialité en droit civil et en common law
Authors: Emerich Yaëll
Published: June 2018

La théorie civiliste est traditionnellement attachée à une conception matérialiste de la propriété, ayant pour objet les choses ou les biens corporels ; la common law, quant à elle, étant davantage ouverte sur l’immatériel. Si une partie de la doctrine civiliste continue de considérer que la propriété dans un sens technique porte uniquement sur des biens corporels, qui ont une existence physique, le droit civil québécois semble aujourd’hui admettre que les biens incorporels sont des objets de propriété, aux côtés des biens corporels ou matériels. L’objectif de l’auteure est de montrer que, en dépit d’une opposition classique des traditions juridiques civilistes et de common law quant à la reconnaissance des biens immatériels, il existe un rapprochement de ces traditions dans leur conception du bien et de ses critères, ainsi qu’une tendance, tant en droit civil qu’en common law, à reconnaître dans le domaine de la propriété une variété de choses autres que des objets matériels, à travers la prise en considération des biens incorporels. Devant la montée en puissance de l’immatériel, il convient de s’interroger pour savoir ce qui est commun dans la notion de biens incorporels et ce qui est pluriel ou distinct dans le régime des biens incorporels. La thèse soutenue par l’auteure est qu’il s’agit moins d’une pluralité selon les traditions juridiques que d’une diversité selon les types de biens et qu’il est possible de trouver certains traits communs dans la notion de biens incorporels et dans les règles qui leur sont applicables dans les deux traditions. Dans les deux cas, ces traits communs les rapprochent de la notion et du régime juridique des biens corporels.
La réalisation forcée des propriétés intellectuelles en droit français
Authors: Hugon Christine
Published: June 2018

Si, a priori, aucun obstacle théorique ne s’oppose à ce que les propriétés intellectuelles puissent, comme l’ensemble des droits incorporels appartenant au débiteur, être l’objet d’une saisie, la pratique révèle que ces saisies sont rares. La réticence des professionnels du droit à mettre en oeuvre une procédure d’exécution forcée sur ce type de biens étonne en raison de la valeur attachée à certains d’entre eux. Il convient alors de s’interroger sur les raisons de ce désintérêt. L’examen des textes laisse voir une législation très lacunaire, mais il apparaît que ce quasi-vide réglementaire doit pouvoir être aisément contourné en raisonnant, comme le suggère explicitement le Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, par analogie avec la saisie des droits d’associé. Se pose ensuite la question de savoir si la nécessaire prise en considération de la spécificité des biens saisis, expressément mentionnée par ce code, ne vient pas compliquer à l’excès la réalisation forcée des propriétés intellectuelles.
The involvement of human endogenous retroviruses K (HERV-K) in aging processes via induction of inflammation
Authors: Ochirov Chingis
Published: June 2018

This detailed analysis provides an insight into aging processes in the human organism. The developmental program that controls the regulation of gene expression through epigenetic modifications leads to cellular senescence in the latter life. This epigenetic development system uses endogenous retroviruses and other retrotransposons as control elements that regulate gene expression through non-coding RNAs. Interaction with sex hormones causes activation of human endogenous retroviruses K (HERV-K) inducing a prolonged innate immune response and therefore chronic inflammation leading to complex changes in the signaling pathways inside the cell and thus contributes to age-associated phenotype in the form of tissue deterioration and may cause a spontaneous transition of tissues to cancer state.
Elevated end systolic function in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Pirttimäki Tiina , Laakso Hanne , Sierra Alejandra , Cunningham Caitlin , Liimatainen Timo , Gröhn Olli , DeRuisseau Lara
Published: June 2018

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a common cause of premature death amongst epilepsy patients. It is hypothesized to result from cardiorespiratory dysfunction, but the exact aetiology is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if functional cardiovascular alterations were present in rats with chronic epileptic behaviour. Naive control rats were compared to a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy that was induced using a repeated low-dose kainic acid (KA) protocol. The results indicate that end-systolic volume was significantly (p=0.01) higher in the epileptic group whilst end-diastolic volume did not reach significance (p=0.08). Ejection fraction, stroke volume, cardiac output, heart rate, body weight and heart size were also measured and appeared similar between groups. These initial data support the use cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) to investigate cardiovascular changes across disease development of epilepsy-like behaviour, which may offer insight into understanding SUDEP.
Shade-induced nuclear localization of PIF7 is regulated by phosphorylation and 14-3-3 proteins in Arabidopsis
Authors: Huang Xu , Zhang Qian , Jiang Yupei , Yang Chuanwei , Wang Qianyue , Li Lin
Published: June 2018

Shade avoidance syndrome enables shaded plants to grow and compete effectively against their neighbors. In Arabidopsis, the shade-induced de-phosphorylation of the transcription factor PIF7 (PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 7) is the key event linking light perception to stem elongation. However, the mechanism through which phosphorylation regulates the activity of PIF7 is unclear. Here, we show that shade light induces the de-phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of PIF7. Phosphorylation-resistant site mutations in PIF7 result in increased nuclear localization and shade-induced gene expression, and consequently augment hypocotyl elongation. PIF7 interacts with 14-3-3 proteins. Blocking the interaction between PIF7 and 14-3-3 proteins or reducing the expression of 14-3-3 proteins accelerates shade-induced nuclear localization and de-phosphorylation of PIF7, and enhances the shade phenotype. By contrast, the 14-3-3 overexpressing line displays an attenuated shade phenotype. These studies demonstrate a phosphorylation-dependent translocation of PIF7 when plants are in shade and a novel mechanism involving 14-3-3 proteins, mediated by the retention of PIF7 in the cytoplasm that suppresses the shade response.
Distinguishing cartoon subgenres based on a multicultural contemporary corpus
Authors: Pedrazzini Ana , Scheuer Nora
Published: June 2018

A literature review reveals the lack of empirical and theoretical work dedicated to systematically grasping the diversity of cartoons. Most studies have focused on political and/or editorial cartoons and have neglected other subgenres, which however are gaining space in many forms of media—such as gag cartoons. Taking genre discursive studies as a starting point, this paper is aimed at distinguishing cartoon subgenres considering their modal, thematic, pragmatic and rhetorical features. The corpus is composed of 85 cartoons (51 multimodal and 34 solely visual) from 22 countries. This corpus was obtained by means of a questionnaire distributed over 2012-2016 in which cartoonists were asked to choose a cartoon that represented their style and to justify their choice. A combination of both qualitative and multivariate statistical techniques was applied. Results allowed us to distinguish four cartoon subgenres based mostly on thematic and pragmatic features: Daily political; Timeless political; Daily media, arts and sports; and Playful cartoons. From a rhetorical standpoint, Timeless political cartoons showed the highest semiotic density (8-12 resources per cartoon), Daily political cartoons an intermediate density (5-7 resources per cartoon) and Playful cartoons the lowest semiotic density (2-4 resources). This contrast might indicate a difference in the cognitive challenge posed to readers, with a major cognitive effort demanded by political cartoons (Timeless and Daily), in addition to the necessary awareness of current affairs. In line with previous research, metaphor appeared as a characteristic resource in political cartoons followed by irony, sarcasm and allusion. Modal analyses showed that political cartoons relied more on the verbal mode to build their messages than the other subgenres.
Biodegradation of Crystal Violet dye by bacteria isolated from textile industry effluents
Authors: Roy Dipankar Chandra , Biswas Sudhangshu Kumar , Saha Ananda Kumar , Sikdar Biswanath , Rahman Mizanur , Roy Apurba Kumar , Prodhan Zakaria Hossain , Tang Swee-Seong
Published: June 2018

Industrial effluent containing textile dyes is regarded as a major environmental concern in the present world. Crystal Violet is one of the vital textile dyes of the triphenylmethane group; it is widely used in textile industry and known for its mutagenic and mitotic poisoning nature. Bioremediation, especially through bacteria, is becoming an emerging and important sector in effluent treatment. This study aimed to isolate and identify Crystal Violet degrading bacteria from industrial effluents with potential use in bioremediation. The decolorizing activity of the bacteria was measured using a photo electric colorimeter after aerobic incubation in different time intervals of the isolates. Environmental parameters such as pH, temperature, initial dye concentration and inoculum size were optimized using mineral salt medium containing different concentration of Crystal Violet dye. Complete decolorizing efficiency was observed in a mineral salt medium containing up to 150 mg/l of Crystal Violet dye by 10% (v/v) inoculums ofEnterobactersp. CV–S1 tested under 72 h of shaking incubation at temperature 35 °C and pH 6.5. Newly identified bacteriaEnterobactersp. CV–S1, confirmed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, was found as a potential bioremediation biocatalyst in the aerobic degradation/de-colorization of Crystal Violet dye. The efficiency of degrading triphenylmethane dye by this isolate, minus the supply of extra carbon or nitrogen sources in the media, highlights the significance of larger-scale treatment of textile effluent.
Effect of human recreation on bird anti-predatory response
Authors: Bötsch Yves , Gugelmann Selina , Tablado Zulima , Jenni Lukas
Published: June 2018

Wildlife perceive humans as predators, and therefore normally flushes. Flight initiation distance (FID) is the distance a human can approach an animal at a steady pace until it flushes. Recently, several studies showed differences in within-species FID according to human presence by comparing urban and rural habitats, with urban birds showing reduced FIDs. However, urban and rural habitats also differ in structure, which might affect FID. Therefore, in order to understand the real effect of human presence, we investigated whether differences in FID are also present in natural habitats (forests), differing only in the intensity of human use for recreation. We found that human frequentation had a distinct effect on bird escape responses, with shorter FIDs in forests more-heavily frequented by humans than in forests rarely visited by humans. Whether this finding is driven by non-random spatial distribution of personalities (shy vs. bold) or phenotypic plasticity (habituation to humans) cannot be assessed with our data. Studies relying on FIDs should also incorporate human recreation intensity, as this affects the measurements strongly.
Psychological, pharmacological, and combined treatments for binge eating disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ghaderi Ata , Odeberg Jenny , Gustafsson Sanna , Råstam Maria , Brolund Agneta , Pettersson Agneta , Parling Thomas
Published: June 2018

Objective

To systematically review the efficacy of psychological, pharmacological, and combined treatments for binge eating disorder (BED).

Method

Systematic search and meta-analysis.

Results

We found 45 unique studies with low/medium risk of bias, and moderate support for the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and CBT guided self-help (with moderate quality of evidence), and modest support for interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), and lisdexamfetamine (with low quality of evidence) in the treatment of adults with BED in terms of cessation of or reduction in the frequency of binge eating. The results on weight loss were disappointing. Only lisdexamfetamine showed a very modest effect on weight loss (low quality of evidence). While there is limited support for the long-term effect of psychological treatments, we have currently no data to ascertain the long-term effect of drug treatments. Some undesired side effects are more common in drug treatment compared to placebo, while the side effects of psychological treatments are unknown. Direct comparisons between pharmaceutical and psychological treatments are lacking as well as data to generalize these results to adolescents.

Conclusion

We found moderate support for the efficacy of CBT and guided self-help for the treatment of BED. However, IPT, SSRI, and lisdexamfetamine received only modest support in terms of cessation of or reduction in the frequency of binge eating. The lack of long-term follow-ups is alarming, especially with regard to medication. Long-term follow-ups, standardized assessments including measures of quality of life, and the study of underrepresented populations should be a priority for future research.
Model of a community‐based care environmental system for “aging in place” – A case study from a historical port town in Japan
Authors: Nishino Tatsuya , Nakatani Shizuno
Published: June 2018

One of the major factors causing elderly people to move from their own homes is the frailty associated with aging. Japan has been developing its social welfare system since 1989 and introduced “the Integrated Community Care System” in 2013. A unique feature of the system is the desire to promote “local welfare” that provides support based on public care and informal support. Our previous study clarified the actual condition of a reciprocal complementary division of roles between welfare facilities and informal support services for the elderly. This paper clarifies the changes in the local living support environment caused by the aging of previously independent persons and proposes an enhanced local living support model. A survey and on‐site observations were performed to record the behaviors and support provided for 3 people. The paper's conclusions are as follows: (1) Environmental transitions while 4 years were observed for previously independent persons, such as institutionalization and a shift of facilities. (2) Because of these transitions, the roles of informal supporting organizations were observed to decrease. (3) There are 2 types of elements that indicate a turning point in environmental transitions, which are private elements, such as hospitalization, and environmental elements, such as the limitations of self‐help caregivers and local informal supporters. (4) For promoting the effective use of independent and spontaneous local informal support, care managers (formal caregivers) are needed to seamlessly connect this local informal support and formal care and to network them into the lives of individual elderly human beings. The result of this integration would be that formal care and local informal support would be synchronized and would complement each other. (5) However, there is a limitation to local informal support, and from a mid‐long‐term point of view, it is necessary to help these local informal supporters. (6) To not break the continuity of the local living environment during the elderly individual's environmental transition time, appropriate communication regarding the turning points is important.
A Chemically Doped Naphthalenediimide‐Bithiazole Polymer for n‐Type Organic Thermoelectrics
Authors: Wang Suhao , Sun Hengda , Erdmann Tim , Wang Gang , Fazzi Daniele , Lappan Uwe , Puttisong Yuttapoom , Chen Zhihua , Berggren Magnus , Crispin Xavier , Kiriy Anton , Voit Brigitte , Marks Tobin J. , Fabiano Simone , Facchetti Antonio
Published: June 2018

The synthesis of a novel naphthalenediimide (NDI)‐bithiazole (Tz2)‐based polymer [P(NDI2OD‐Tz2)] is reported, and structural, thin‐film morphological, as well as charge transport and thermoelectric properties are compared to the parent and widely investigated NDI‐bithiophene (T2) polymer [P(NDI2OD‐T2)]. Since the steric repulsions in Tz2 are far lower than in T2, P(NDI2OD‐Tz2) exhibits a more planar and rigid backbone, enhancing π–π chain stacking and intermolecular interactions. In addition, the electron‐deficient nature of Tz2 enhances the polymer electron affinity, thus reducing the polymer donor–acceptor character. When n‐doped with amines, P(NDI2OD‐Tz2) achieves electrical conductivity (≈0.1 S cm−1) and a power factor (1.5 µW m−1 K−2) far greater than those of P(NDI2OD‐T2) (0.003 S cm−1 and 0.012 µW m−1 K−2, respectively). These results demonstrate that planarized NDI‐based polymers with reduced donor–acceptor character can achieve substantial electrical conductivity and thermoelectric response.
Tailoring SOFC Electrode Microstructures for Improved Performance
Authors: Connor Paul A. , Yue Xiangling , Savaniu Cristian D. , Price Robert , Triantafyllou Georgios , Cassidy Mark , Kerherve Gwilherm , Payne David J. , Maher Robert C. , Cohen Lesley F. , Tomov Rumen I. , Glowacki Bartek A. , Kumar Ramachandran Vasant , Irvine John T. S.
Published: June 2018

The key technical challenges that fuel cell developers need to address are performance, durability, and cost. All three need to be achieved in parallel; however, there are often competitive tensions, e.g., performance is achieved at the expense of durability. Stability and resistance to degradation under prolonged operation are key parameters. There is considerable interest in developing new cathodes that are better able to function at lower temperature to facilitate low cost manufacture. For anodes, the ability of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) to better utilize commonly available fuels at high efficiency, avoid coking and sulfur poisoning or resistance to oxidation at high utilization are all key. Optimizing a new electrode material requires considerable process development. The use of solution techniques to impregnate an already optimized electrode skeleton, offers a fast and efficient way to evaluate new electrode materials. It can also offer low cost routes to manufacture novel structures and to fine tune already known structures. Here impregnation methodologies are discussed, spectral and surface characterization are considered, and the recent efforts to optimize both cathode and anode functionalities are reviewed. Finally recent exemplifications are reviewed and future challenges and opportunities for the impregnation approach in SOFCs are explored.
High‐Performance Thickness Insensitive Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability
Authors: Chen Jiehuan , Zuo Lijian , Zhang Yingzhu , Lian Xiaomei , Fu Weifei , Yan Jielin , Li Jun , Wu Gang , Li Chang‐Zhi , Chen Hongzheng
Published: June 2018

High‐performance perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) with absorber layer thickness insensitive features are important for practical fabrication, however these features are difficult to be realized. There are very few reports of the fabrication of polycrystalline PVSCs with power conversion efficienies (PCE) insensitive to film thickness beyond 600 nm. The main reason lies in more serious recombination of the thick perovskite layer compared to the thin layer. Herein, this challenge is addressed by a simple hot casting method to formulate high‐quality perovskite film with enlarged grain size, high carrier mobility, and reduced defects. It is found that increasing the temperature to 70 °C can dramatically increase the film thickness and enlarge the perovskite crystal, therefore boost the efficiency from ≈16% to ≈19%. Notably, a record PCE of 19.54% is achieved with 850 nm thick perovskite film, which is among the highest efficiency for thick‐film PVSCs. The PCE remains steady around 19% when modifying the perovskite layer from 700 to 1150 nm. Moreover, these thick‐film PVSCs show good stability with 80% of its initial efficiency after 30 d in air with a humidity of 50%. Overall, this simple yet effective method has a great potential in the mass manufacture of PVSCs.
Hydride‐Enhanced CO2 Methanation: Water‐Stable BaTiO2.4H0.6 as a New Support
Authors: Tang Ya , Kobayashi Yoji , Tassel Cédric , Yamamoto Takafumi , Kageyama Hiroshi
Published: June 2018

Catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to CH4 provides a promising approach to producing natural gas, and reducing the emissions of global CO2. However, the efficiency of catalytic CO2 methanation is limited by slow kinetics at low temperatures. This study first demonstrates that an air‐ and water‐stable perovskite oxyhydride BaTiO2.4H0.6 could function as an active support material for Ni‐, Ru‐based catalysts for CO2 methanation at 300–350 °C, a relatively lower temperature. With the oxyhydride support, the activity for Ni and Ru increases by a factor of 2–7 when compared to the BaTiO3 oxide support. Kinetic analysis shows reduced H2 poisoning probably due to spillover, implying that the activity change is due to the kinetics being influenced by hydride. Furthermore, the oxyhydride‐supported Ni catalyst is also durable with its catalytic performance preserved for at least 10 h under a humid environment at elevated temperatures. It is anticipated that these perovskite oxyhydrides will shed new light on the design of high‐efficiency metal‐based catalysts for water‐involved catalytic reactions.
Improvement of Photovoltaic Performance of Polymer Solar Cells by Rational Molecular Optimization of Organic Molecule Acceptors
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Yao Jia , Angunawela Indunil , Sun Chenkai , Xue Lingwei , Liebman‐Pelaez Alexander , Zhu Chenhui , Yang Chunhe , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Ade Harald , Li Yongfang
Published: June 2018

Two n‐type organic semiconductor (n‐OS) small molecules m‐ITIC‐2F and m‐ITIC‐4F with fluorinated 2‐(2,3‐dihydro‐3‐oxo‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)propanedinitrile (IC) terminal moieties are prepared, for the application as an acceptor in polymer solar cells (PSCs), to further improve the photovoltaic performance of the n‐OS acceptor 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene) indanone) ‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(3‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐sindaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]‐dithiophene (m‐ITIC). Compared to m‐ITIC, these two new acceptors show redshifted absorption, higher molecular packing order, and improved electron mobilities. The power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of the as‐cast PSCs with m‐ITIC‐2F or m‐ITIC‐4F as an acceptor and a low‐cost donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymer PTQ10 as a donor reach 11.57% and 11.64%, respectively, which are among the highest efficiency for the as‐cast PSCs so far. Furthermore, after thermal annealing treatment, improved molecular packing and enhanced phase separation are observed, and the higher PCE of 12.53% is achieved for both PSCs based on the two acceptors. The respective and unique advantage with the intrinsic high degree of order, molecular packing, and electron mobilities of these two acceptors will be suitable to match with different p‐type organic semiconductor donors for higher PCE values, which provide a great potential for the PSCs commercialization in the near future. These results indicate that rational molecular structure optimization is of great importance to further improve photovoltaic properties of the photovoltaic materials.
Stable Carbon–Selenium Bonds for Enhanced Performance in Tremella‐Like 2D Chalcogenide Battery Anode
Authors: Li Yu , Xu Yahong , Wang Zhaohua , Bai Ying , Zhang Kai , Dong Ruiqi , Gao Yaning , Ni Qiao , Wu Feng , Liu Yijin , Wu Chuan
Published: June 2018

2D cobalt selenide based on conversion reaction has attracted much attention due to its open layered structure and high specific capacity. However, effectively suppressing the fast capacity fade caused by the irreversible Se dissolution and serious volume change during the cycling process is still a challenge. Herein, the concentration of dispersion liquid under supercritical conditions is tuned to induce the CoSe crystal to grow along the graphene oxide (GO), and finally obtain the Tremella‐like CoSe–reduced GO (rGO) hybrid. The nature of epitaxial growth leads to the formation of stable CSe bonds, which maintain a favorable conductive connection between CoSe and rGO as well as enhance the mechanical strength of active materials to suppress Se dissolution and volume expansion during Na/Li intercalation and deintercalation. The unique microstructural merits of the hybrid result in superior sodium/lithium storage performance (400.8 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 100 cycles for sodium‐ion batteries and 769.6 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 500 cycles for lithium‐ion batteries). Moreover, the transmission X‐ray microscopy technique is first used to directly observe the Se segregation in cobalt selenide and it being suppressed by the CSe bonds.
Light‐Driven BiVO4–C Fuel Cell with Simultaneous Production of H2O2
Authors: Shi Xinjian , Zhang Yirui , Siahrostami Samira , Zheng Xiaolin
Published: June 2018

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems have been researched for decades due to their great promise to convert sunlight to fuels. The majority of the research on PEC has been using light to split water to hydrogen and oxygen, and its performance is limited by the need of additional bias. Another research direction on PEC using light, is to decompose organic materials while producing electricity. In this work, the authors report a new type of unassisted PEC system that uses light, water and oxygen to simultaneously produce electricity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on both the photoanode and cathode, which is essentially a light‐driven fuel cell with H2O2 as the main product at the two electrodes, meanwhile achieving a maximum power density of 0.194 mW cm‐2, an open circuit voltage of 0.61 V, and a short circuit current density of 1.09 mA cm‐2. The electricity output can be further used as a sign for cell function when accompanied by a detector such as a light‐emitting diode (LED) light or a multimeter. This is the first work that shows H2O2 two‐side generation with a strict key factors study of the system, with a clear demonstration of electricity output ability using low‐cost earth abundant materials on both sides, which represents an exciting new direction for PEC systems.
Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Dopant‐Free Inexpensive Small Molecule as the Hole‐Transporting Material
Authors: Li Yong , Scheel Kyle R. , Clevenger Robert G. , Shou Wan , Pan Heng , Kilway Kathleen V. , Peng Zhonghua
Published: June 2018

The hole transporting layer (HTL) plays an important role in realizing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In spite of intensive research efforts toward the development of HTL materials, low‐cost, dopant‐free hole transporting materials that lead to efficient and stable PSCs remain elusive. Herein, a simple polycyclic heteroaromatic hydrocarbon‐based small molecule, 2,5,9,12‐tetra(tert‐butyl)diacenaphtho[1,2‐b:1′,2′‐d]thiophenen, as an efficient HTL material in PSCs is presented. This molecule is easy to synthesize and inexpensive. It is hydrophobic and exhibits excellent film‐forming properties on perovskites. It has unusually high hole mobility and a desirable highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, making it an ideal HTL material. PSCs fabricated using both the n‐i‐p planar and mesoscopic architectures with this compound as the HTL show efficiencies as high as 15.59% and 18.17%, respectively, with minimal hysteresis and high long term stability under ambient conditions.
Microwave‐assisted sintering synthesis of greenish‐yellow emitting Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ phosphors
Authors: Lee Woo Cheol , Park Jin Young , Yang Hyun Kyoung , Kwak Minseok , Moon Byung Kee , Jang Ki‐Wan
Published: June 2018

Europium ion (Eu2+) doped Sr2SiO4 phosphors with greenish‐yellow emission were synthesized using microwave‐assisted sintering. The phase structure and photoluminescence (PL) properties of the obtained phosphor samples were investigated. The PL excitation spectra of the Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ phosphors exhibited a broad band in the range of 260 nm to 485 nm with a maximum at 361 nm attributed to the 5f‐4d allowed transition of the Eu2+ ions. Under an excitation at 361 nm, the Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ phosphor exhibited a greenish‐yellow emission peak at 541 nm with an International‐Commission‐on‐Illumination (CIE) chromaticity of (0.3064, 0.4772). The results suggest that the microwave‐assisted sintering method is promising for the synthesis of phosphors owing to the decreased sintering time without the use of additional reductive agents.
Nexus of public spending and gross domestic products (GDP) growth in the agricultural sector: Evidence from Nigerian and Malaysian agricultural sector (1976–2016)
Authors: Apata Temidayo , Awoniyi Olugbenga , Ogunjimi Sunday , Igbalajobi Olabisi
Published: June 2018

Nigeria and Malaysia are the same level in terms of economic growth in the 1960s; Malaysia has now progress in economic growth than Nigeria. The study examines public spending in Malaysia and Nigeria and specify lessons from Malaysian growth indices for Nigeria. Secondary data used was obtained from FAOSTAT and International data center from 1976 to 2016. Simple version of endogenous growth theory model was used. Random effects model results indicated that Nigeria public‐expenditure (PUEXP) and intervention variables were significant but negative, whereas enterprise‐development, drivers of development (DRIVERS), and Dummy for modest PUEXP access (D1t) were significant but positive. Similarly, three variables were significant and positive at difference rank of significance, also Dummies D1t and D2t (macroeconomic stability) were significant in Malaysia. PUEXP and gross domestic product growth has an inverse relationship in Nigeria and direct relationship in Malaysia. Malaysia over the four decades recorded modest PUEXP and witnessed macroeconomic stability among other growth indices; these are the growth indices Nigeria must learn from Malaysia.
A novel chemotherapeutic protocol for peritoneal metastasis and inhibition of relapse in drug resistant ovarian cancer
Authors: Sarkar Siddik , Malekshah Obeid M. , Nomani Alireza , Patel Niket , Hatefi Arash
Published: June 2018

The majority of ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed in late stages of the disease, in which the tumor cells have leaked into the peritoneum and are present as tumorspheres. These tumorspheres are rich in cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs), which are resistant to therapy and are a major source of relapse. The purpose of this research was to identify a safe therapeutic approach that could eradicate the peritoneal CSC‐rich tumorspheres and inhibit relapse. Highly metastatic ascitic cells (OVASC‐1) that are resistant to standard‐of‐care chemotherapy due to upregulation of MDR1 gene were obtained from a patient with ovarian carcinoma and recurrent disease. CSC‐rich tumorspheres were generated, characterized, and treated with different chemotherapeutics. The most effective drug combination that could eradicate tumorspheres at nanomolar levels despite upregulation of MDR1 gene was identified. Luciferase‐expressing OVASC‐1 cells were implanted in the peritoneum of nude mice and treated with the identified drug combination. The progression of disease, response to therapy and recurrence were studied by quantitative imaging. Toxicity to abdominal tissues was studied by histopathology. Mice implanted with intraperitoneal (IP) OVASC‐1 xenografts showed limited response to combination therapy with cisplatin/paclitaxel at the maximum tolerated dose. Despite overexpression of MDR1 on OVASC‐1 cells, mice treated with our combination IP low‐dose MMAE and SN‐38 chemotherapy showed complete response without relapse. No signs of toxicity to abdominal tissues were observed. While MMAE and SN‐38 are not administered as free drugs due to their high potency and potential for systemic toxicity, our low‐dose localized therapy approach effectively restricted the cytotoxic effects to the tumor cells in the peritoneum. Consequently, maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects was achieved. These remarkable results with IP low‐dose combination chemotherapy encourage investigation into its potential clinical application as either first‐line therapy or in cases of acquired resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel.
Ruling may impact negligence liability for violence involving students
Authors: Rooksby Jacob H.
Published: June 2018

The California Supreme Court issued a major decision in late March involving a public university's potential negligence liability for student‐on‐student injuries imparted during curricular activities.
Review commonalities of perpetrators of 2017 mass attacks
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2018

In 2017, 28 mass attacks, defined as those in which three or more people were harmed, occurred in public spaces in the United States. That comes from an analysis released by the United States Secret Service in March 2018. In those attacks, 147 people were killed and more than 700 were injured.
Combinatorial Synthesis of New Pyrimidine‐ and Purine‐β‐d‐Ribonucleoside Nucleolipids: Their Distribution Between Aqueous and Organic Phases and Their In Vitro Activity Against Human‐ and Rat Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro
Authors: Hammerbacher Katharina , Görtemaker Katharina , Knies Christine , Bender Eugenia , Bonaterra Gabriel A. , Rosemeyer Helmut , Kinscherf Ralf
Published: June 2018

Two series of nucleolipids, O‐2′,3′‐heptanylidene‐ as well as O‐2′,3′‐undecanylidene ketals of six β‐d‐ribonucleosides (type A) and partly N‐farnesyl derivatives thereof (type B) were prepared in a combinatorial manner. All novel compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and/or ESI mass spectrometry and by UV‐, 1H‐, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. Conformational parameters of the nucleosides and nucleolipids were calculated from various 3J(H,H), 3J(1H,13C), and 5J(F,H) coupling constants. For a drug profiling, the parent nucleosides and their lipophilic derivatives were studied with respect to their distribution (log P) between water and n‐octanol as well as water and cyclohexane. From these data, qualitative conclusions were drawn concerning their possible blood‐brain barrier passage efficiency. Moreover, nucleolipids were characterized by their molecular descriptor amphiphilic ratio (a.r.), which describes the balance between the hydrophilicity of the nucleoside headgroup and the lipophilicity of the lipid tail. All compounds were investigated in vitro with respect to their cytostatic/cytotoxic activity toward human glioblastoma (GOS 3) as well as rat malignant neuroectodermal BT4Ca cell lines in vitro. In order to differentiate between anticancer and side‐effects of the novel nucleolipids, they were also studied on their activity on differentiated human THP‐1 macrophages.
Phenol Catalytic Hydrogenation over Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Metal‐Organic Frameworks in the Aqueous Phase
Authors: Chen Hao , He Yulian , Pfefferle Lisa D. , Pu Weihua , Wu Yulong , Qi Suitao
Published: June 2018

The front cover artwork for issue 12/2018 is provided by Xi'an Jiaotong University and Tsinghua University (China). The image illustrates the different reaction barriers that must be overcome in the phenol hydrogenation to either cyclohexanol or cyclohexanone. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201800211.