bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When does selection favor learning from the old? Social Learning in age-structured populations
Authors: Deffner Dominik , McElreath Richard
Published: November 2020

Culture and demography jointly facilitate flexible human adaptation, yet it still remains unclear how social learning operates in populations with age structure. Here, we present a mathematical model of the evolution of social learning in a population with different age classes. We investigate how demographic processes affect the adaptive value of culture, cultural adaptation and population growth, and identify the conditions that favor learning from older vs. younger individuals. We find that, even with age structure, social learning can evolve without increasing population fitness, i.e., ``Rogers' paradox'' still holds. However, a process of demographic filtering, together with cultural transmission, can generate cumulative improvements in adaptation levels. We further show that older age classes have higher proportions of adaptive behavior when the environment is stable and adaptive behavior is hard to acquire but important to survival. Through individual-based simulations comparing temporal and spatial variability in the environment, we find a ``copy-the-old''-strategy only evolves when social learning is erroneous and the opposite ``copy-the-young''-strategy can function as a compromise between individual and social information use. Our results reveal that age structure substantially changes how culture evolves and provide principled empirical expectations about age-biased social learning and the role of demography in cultural adaptation.
upaya meningkatkan pencegahan keselamatan kerja dan penyakit akibat kerja perawat di rumah sakit
Authors: Hutabarat Muvidah Rahmah Aulia
Published: November 2020

Rumah sakit merupakan salah satu tempat kerja yang memiliki tenaga kerja yang banyak dengan tingkat resiko yang tinggi terkena penyakit akibat kerja ataupun kecelakaan kerja. Oleh karena itu rumah sakit waib untuk melakukan pencegahan yaitu dengan menerapkan program kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja di rumah sakit. Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja merupakan salah satu bentuk nyata dalam menciptakan tempat kerja yang aman, lingkungan yang sehat dan terbebas dari penyakit akibat kerja ataupun kecelakaan kerja. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan jumlah informan penelitian berjumlah 7 (tujuh) orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai bulan Juli 2019. Hasil: Program K3RS yang telah dilaksanakan adalah program pengembangan kebijakan K3RS, pembudayaan perilaku K3RS, pengembangan SDM K3RS, pelayanan kesehatan kerja, pelayanan keselamatan kerja, pemantauan kesehatan lingkungan kerja, pengembangan pedoman, petunjuk teknis dan SOP, pengembangan program pemeliharaan pengelolaan limbah padat, cair dan gas, pengelolaan jasa, bahan beracun berbahaya dan barang berbahaya, pengumpulan data, pengolahan dan pelaporan K3RS, review program tahunan, sedangkan yang belum maksimal dilaksanakan adalah program pengembangan manajemen tanggap darurat. Kesimpulan: Pelaksanaan Program K3RS sudah berjalan namun belum maksimal dilaksanakan. Saran: Rumah sakit perlu menambahkan sarana prasarana tanggap darurat kebakaran seperti hydrant, alarm kebakaran, detektor asap dan alat pemadam api ototmatis (sprinkler).
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah untuk Memotivasi Siswa
Authors: Yendra Revanda
Published: November 2020

paragraf pertama essay Lingkungan memiliki peran yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan. Pembelajaran materi lingkungan mengarah pada pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan lingkungan sebagai sumber belajar. Lingkungan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber belajar, dengan mengaitkan antara materi yang diajarkan dengan situasi dunia nyata, diharapkan mampu membuat hubungan antara pengetahuan yang dimiliki dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Materi Lingkungan Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia merupakan materi yang sangat penting dan saling berkaitan, sebab dengan memiliki pemahaman yang baik tentang materi lingkungan terutama dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia maka seorang pelajar akan memiliki kepekaan dan kepedulian terhadap lingkungannya,terutama lingkungan kelas dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia.
HUBUNGAN KEBIJAKAN K3 DENGAN KEPERAWATAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Febriyanti Kiki Dwi
Published: November 2020

Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) merupakan suatu upaya perlindungan kepada tenaga kerja dan orang lain yang memasuki tempat kerja terhadap bahaya dari akibat kecelakaan kerja. Tujuan K3 adalah mencegah, megurangi, bahkan menihilkan resiko penyakit dan kecelakaan akibat kerja (KAK) serta meningkatkan derajat kesehatan para pekerja sehingga produktivitas kerja meningkat. Dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan, upaya kesehatan kerja ditunjukkan untuk melindungi pekerja agar hidup sehat dan terbebas dari gangguan kesehatan serta pengaruh buruk yang diakibatkan oleh pekerjaan sehingga sudah seharusnya pihak pengelola RS menerapkan upaya-upaya K3 di RS. K3 termasuk sebagai salah satu standar pelayanan yang dinilai di dalam akreditasi RS, disamping standar pelayanan lainnya.
Seismic Fragility Analysis of a Coupled Tank-Piping System based on Artificial Ground Motions and Surrogate Modeling
Authors: Abbiati Giuseppe , Broccardo Marco , di Filippo Rocco , Stojadinovic Bozidar , Bursi Oreste S.
Published: November 2020

The catastrophic consequences of recent NaTech events triggered by earthquakes highlighted the inadequacy of standard approaches to seismic risk assessment of chemical process plants. To date, the risk assessment of such facilities mainly relies on historical data and focuses on uncoupled process components. As a consequence, the dynamic interaction between process equipment is neglected. In response to this gap, researchers started a progressive integration of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) risk assessment framework. However, a few limitations still prevent a systematic implementation of this framework to chemical process plants. The most significant are: i) the computational cost of system-level simulations accounting for coupling between process equipment; ii) the experimental cost for component-level model validation; iii) a reduced number of hazard-consistent site-specific ground motion records for time history analyses.In response to these challenges, this paper proposes a recently developed uncertainty quantification-based framework to perform seismic fragility assessments of chemical process plants. The framework employs three key elements: i) a stochastic ground-motion model to supplement scarcity of real records; ii) surrogate modeling to reduce the computational cost of system-level simulations; iii) a component-level model validation based on cost-effective hybrid simulation tests. In order to demonstrate the potential of the framework, two fragility functions are computed for a pipe elbow of a coupled tank-piping system.
Age group differences in learning-related activity reflect task stage, not learning stage
Authors: Merenstein Jenna , Petok Jessica R. , Bennett Ilana J.
Published: November 2020

Healthy aging is accompanied by declines in the ability to learn associations between events, even when their relationship cannot be described. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have attributed these implicit associative learning (IAL) deficits to differential engagement of the hippocampus and basal ganglia in older relative to younger adults in early and late stages of the task, respectively. However, these task stages have been confounded with age group differences in learning performance that emerge later and to a lesser degree in older adults. To disentangle the effects of task stage from learning stage (i.e., when there is significant evidence of learning) on age group differences in the neural substrates of IAL, we acquired fMRI data while 28 younger (20.8 ± 2.3 years) and 22 older (73.6 ± 6.8 years) healthy adults completed the Triplets Learning Task, in which the location of two cues predicted the location of a target with high (HF) or low (LF) frequency. When matched for task stage, results revealed worse learning performance and increased IAL-related activity in the hippocampus during the early stage and in the globus pallidum during the late stage in older relative to younger adults. However, when matched for learning stage, there were no significant age group differences in learning performance or IAL-related activity. Thus, although learning emerges later for older adults, they are engaging similar brain regions as younger adults when learning the associations, suggesting that previous reports of age group differences reflect effects of age on task stage, but not learning stage.
A symbolic annotation of vowel sounds for emerging readers
Authors: Donnelly Patrick M. , Gijbels Liesbeth , Larson Kevin , Matskewich Tanya , Linnerud Paul , Kuhl Patricia K. , Yeatman Jason D.
Published: November 2020

Research on educational technologies for reading instruction is disproportionate to the myriad applications in the marketplace. Here we assess a web-based reading tool, Sound it Out, that assists struggling readers in decoding by annotating vowels with small icons indicating the associate phoneme. Created as a collaboration between researchers and technology developers, the phonemic-image cue was designed to scaffold letter-sound correspondence. Study 1 examined whether Sound it Out provides an immediate benefit to reading performance in thirty struggling readers (ages 8-10) randomly assigned to counterbalanced groups in a single-session. Results showed that, without a period of practice, children were not able to capitalize on the cues for improved text reading. Study 2 utilized a repeated measures randomized controlled trial design to determine if an extended practice period (1 month) produced gains and whether a caregiver supervised practice (“dyadic reading”) enhanced benefits. Seventy-six struggling readers (ages 7-13) were randomly assigned to two intervention groups (independent and dyadic reading) and one control group. Results showed significant, dose-response benefits to decoding accuracy and passage reading accuracy for the combined intervention groups in comparison to controls. Moreover, supervised dyadic reading enhanced the effect of practice. These results highlight the potential for an evidenced-based supplemental learning technology to support both independent and shared reading for struggling readers.
Quantitative Portrayal of the Re-Interviewees from the Deconversion Study
Authors: Streib Heinz , Keller Barbara
Published: November 2020

The main part of this book consists of case studies that are based on repeated faith development interviews (FDI) and their evaluation using methods such as content analysis and narrative analysis. But the case studies also take into account perspectives on religious development resulting from the structural evaluation of the FDIs and consider also the quantitative profile of the re-interviewees as reflected in their questionnaire answers at both times of interviewing. This chapter aims at quantitatively profiling the sample of re-interviewees in order to profile the case studies that are presented in later chapters of this book.
Should we keep some distance from distancing? Regulatory and post-regulatory effects of emotion downregulation.
Authors: Diers Kersten , Dörfel Denise , Gärtner Anne , Schönfeld Sabine , Walter Henrik , Strobel Alexander , Brocke Burkhard
Published: November 2020

Emotion regulation is an indispensable part of mental health and adaptive behavior. Research into emotion regulation processes has largely focused on the concurrent effects of volitional emotion regulation. However, there is scarce evidence considering post-regulatory effects with regard to neural mechanisms and emotional experiences. Therefore, we compared concurrent effects of cognitive emotion regulation with effects at different (immediate, short- and long-term) time intervals. In an fMRI study with N=46 (N=30 at re-exposure) young healthy adults, we compared neuronal responses to negative and neutral pictures while participants had to distance themselves from or to actively permit emotions in response to these pictures. We investigated the temporal dynamics of activation changes related to regulation in cognitive control brain networks as well as in the amygdala during stimulation (concurrent effects, timepoint 1) and post-stimulation (immediate, timepoint 2), as well as during re-exposure with the same pictures after short (10 minutes, timepoint 3) and long (1 week, timepoint 4) time intervals. At timepoint 1, negative pictures (versus neutral pictures) elicited a strong response in regions of affective processing, including the amygdala. Distancing (as compared to permit) led to a decrease of this response, and to an increase of activation in the right middle frontal and inferior parietal cortex. We observed an interaction effect of time (stimulation vs. post-stimulation) and regulation (distance vs. permit), indicating a partial reversal of regulation effects during the post-stimulation phase (timepoint 2). Similarly, after 10 minutes (timepoint 3) and after 1 week (timepoint 4), activation in the amygdala was higher during pictures that participants were previously instructed to distance from as compared to permit. These results show that the temporal dynamics are highly variable both within experimental trials and across brain regions. This can even take the form of paradoxical aftereffects at immediate and persistent effects at prolonged time scales.
Leaving Religion: Deconversion
Authors: Streib Heinz
Published: November 2020

Religious change was an important theme in the psychology of religion from its beginning with a focus on conversion, but with the emergence of new religious movements and the recent growth of religious unaffiliation, religious exiting and deconversion received growing attention. This review evaluates recent progress in deconversion research by the inclusion of key psychological constructs, such as personality, values, attachment, prosociality, well-being, religious socialization and development, and by an engagement in longitudinal investigation. The Outlook calls for exploring more psychological constructs, focusing decisively on longitudinal assessment, accounting for cultural and religious differences, and keeping the balance and complementarity between nomothetic and idiothetic approaches in order to account for the varieties of biographical changes that are denoted by ‘deconversion.’
Procrastination in Blended Learning The Role of General Self-efficacy, and Active and Passive Procrastination
Authors: Sanecka Elżbieta
Published: November 2020

Despite the growing empirical interest in academic procrastination in the distance learning, there are only limited studies on the determinants of this phenomenon in the blended learning programmes. The present study investigates the relationships between general self-efficacy, two types of procrastination (active and passive procrastination), and the behavioural tendency to postpone learning activities in a blended learning university course using Moodle platform. Results indicate that passive procrastination is strongly positively associated with procrastination in blended learning, while perceived self-efficacy and active procrastination are unrelated to the self-reported task delays during the blended learning course. In addition, the negative link between the reported number of previous completed blended-learning courses and procrastination in blended learning is observed. Practical and theoretical implications of these findings for a blended learning environment are discussed.
O biegunie – językoznawczo (rozważania w kontekście tytułu powieści Olgi Tokarczuk Bieguni)
Authors: Maciołek Marcin
Published: November 2020

The paper contains a historical linguistic analysis of the noun biegun. It was prompted by the inflectional form of the plural nominative bieguni, the title of one of Olga Tokarczuk’s novels, a form unusual from the point of view of the contemporary Polish grammatical system. Tokarczuk used the form ending in -i, typical of masculine personal nouns, while the word biegun is commonly known to be used nowadays only in meanings that do not refer to people. This is why the paper attempts to gain insight into the semantics of the lexeme biegun in the history of the Polish language. The research carried out made it possible to determine that the examined unit used to function in many personal meanings in the past, meanings that would eventually become obsolete with the gradual lexicalization of the word biegun and in relation the appearance of its derivational synonyms in the Polish language. Tokarczuk thus revived some of the old meanings of the word biegun referring to people, and at the same time brought out new, metaphorical meanings embedded in it in potentia – thus delexicalizing the examined unit.
La participación estudiantil como proceso de inclusión educativa
Authors: Valdés René , Manghi Dominique , Godoy Gerardo
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los procesos de participación estudiantil en función de la valoración de los estudiantes en el espacio escolar. Mediante un enfoque etnográfico, se aplicó una técnica participativa a estudiantes de seis escuelas chilenas. Los resultados señalan que estos demandan una mayor participación en los espacios escolares. Desean participar dentro y fuera de la escuela y reinventar las prácticas educativas más tradicionales. Su propósito sería desarrollarse personalmente, mejorar la experiencia escolar y tomar decisiones. Además, valoran en forma positiva la capacidad e integridad de sus pares y de manera negativa la de los adultos.
Intervención educativa tras el terremoto 2017: comprendiendo procesos identitarios en mujeres rurales
Authors: Ramírez Varela Pilar
Published: November 2020

En este artículo se presentan los avances de una investigación e intervención educativa cuyo objetivo es la comprensión de los procesos identitarios en las mujeres de una comunidad rural apoyada después del terremoto de 2017. Durante más de dos años se trabajó con mujeres que aceptaron integrarse a un grupo de apoyo. En las sesiones quincenales se plantearon situaciones lúdicas y reflexivas que fueron haciendo que las participantes se reconocieran desde su valor personal, compartieran las experiencias de sus historias particulares y de su cotidianidad, se vincularan entre ellas para tomar decisiones y construir nuevas experiencias que, a su vez, fueron favoreciendo nuevas formas de identidad individual y colectiva.
Redes sociales, empatía y solidaridad ciudadana en jóvenes universitarios. Ciudad de México 2017
Authors: Arbesú García María Isabel , Piña Osorio Juan Manuel
Published: November 2020

Este documento presenta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue indagar las distintas formas de participación emprendidas por los jóvenes después del terremoto de 2017 en la Ciudad de México y comprender las razones que los motivaron. El diseño del estudio fue cualitativo y exploratorio, y la técnica consistió en un cuestionario en línea con preguntas abiertas. El referente empírico se constituyó de 41 jóvenes universitarios. Los datos se examinaron por medio de un análisis temático inductivo. Los resultados indican que los jóvenes emplearon su habilidad en el uso de redes sociales para comunicarse con amigos, compañeros e, incluso, con desconocidos con el objeto de informarse e informar en qué zonas de la ciudad requerían ayuda. La empatía y la solidaridad les brindó la posibilidad de ponerse en el lugar de las personas damnificadas y realizar múltiples acciones para ayudar a quienes se encontraban en desgracia.
La formación de capacidades en las comunidades eclesiales de base en una colonia de la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara
Authors: Salguero Antelo José Humberto
Published: November 2020

Con el apoyo de la hermenéutica analógica, este artículo recupera los diferenciales pedagógicos de las prácticas que, con un enfoque pastoral, se realizaron en las comunidades eclesiales de base en una colonia de la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara en los años 1973-1995, periodo en el que surgieron diversas luchas reivindicativas tanto por el reclamo de servicios básicos del lugar como por cobros injustos derivados de la venta de los predios habitados por familias provenientes del entorno rural. De estas luchas, así como de diversas acciones de estas comunidades, se derivaron algunos diferenciales pedagógicos que tienen como significación la formación de capacidades.
Stress and Coping Strategies among Management and Science University Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: AAN Redhwan , AR Sami , AJ Karim , R Chan , MI Zaleha
Published: November 2020

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the associated factors related to causes of stress and coping strategies among university students. Materials and Methods: As a focus group discussion, it was universal sampling, conducted among 39 of Medical Science and Biomedicine students on their second semester from Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Malaysia. Three issues were discussed: firstly, how they define the stress; secondly, what the most important causes of stress in their life are; and thirdly, how they cope with stress. Verbal consent was obtained from all participants. Due to the small sample size, the data was analyzed manually. Results: Total of participants were 39 students, their age ranged from 21 to 26 years. Seventeen (43.6%) of the students were 21 years old and the majority were female 31 (79.5%). The most important causes of stress reported by the students were financial, lack of sleep, and family problems. In terms of coping with stress, the students were able to describe a variety of strategies to cope with their stressful situations. These included counseling services, doing meditation, sharing of problems, getting adequate sleep, and going out with friends. Conclusion: Most of the students defined stress as “a mental condition”. Lack of sleep, financial, and family problems were the most causes of stress among students. The students were able to identify some strategies to cope with stress.
Glycaemic Control, Lipid Profile, Blood Pressure and Body Weight Status Among Diabetics in Rural Malaysia
Authors: AS Hazizi , Y Zaitun , M Kandiah , SP Chan
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Diabetes is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The management of blood glucose, dyslipidaemia and other modifiable risk factor, is a key element in the multifactorial approach to prevent complications of type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the level of glycaemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure and body weight status among type 2 diabetics in rural Malaysia. A total of 237 diabetic subjects participated in this study. Physical examination was carried out, including measurements of height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to determine the glucose level and lipid profile. Results: About 70% of the subjects had a high body mass index (BMI), equal to or above 25 kg/ m2. More than 60% of the subjects had systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg. Mean fasting blood glucose was 9.84±4.54 mmol/L. Mean total cholesterol was 5.18±1.35 mmol/L. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglyceride (TG) and glucose levels were higher in male than in female, but not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) was higher in females than males (p<0.05). Mean HDLC was below 1.0 mmol/L in all subjects. Conclusion: Glycaemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure and body weight status were not satisfactory and may increase the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications among these subjects. Appropriate intervention programs should be implemented for better diabetes control among rural subjects.
Gastrointestinal Involvement in Henoch Schonlein Purpura : A Case Report
Authors: CM Siti Kamariah , Y Rohaizan
Published: November 2020

Henoch-Schonlein purpura or anaphylactoid purpura is a systemic vasculitis of unknown cause that affects small vessels and mainly involves the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Gastrointestinal involvement occurs in more than half of patients and is thought to be related to edema and intramural haemorrhage. Radiologically the gastrointestinal findings are mainly those of bowel ischemia with “thumbprinting” and bowel wall oedema. Although this disease is usually treated conservatively, aggressive intervention is occasionally performed because of acute abdominal symptoms due to complications, such as perforation, intussusception and obstruction. This report illustrates a case of Henoch-Schonlein purpura with acute abdominal symptoms due to intussusception.
Induction Chemotherapy Docetaxel, Cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Stage IVA Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Sarah W.M. , Lee Sarah W.M. , Y. Wu Philip , C.Y. So Tommy , C. Lee K. , Y. Wong Edwin C. , H. Lam Jim P. , C.W. Choi Horace , Ng Wai Tong
Published: November 2020

Objectives: Two phase III studies using docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) followed by
concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) have reported survival benefit compared to CCRT. However, TPF
was used at 80% of the conventional dose in the Chinese study due to the concern of tolerability. We aim
to explore the tolerability of TPF using standard dose in Chinese patients with stage IVA (AJCC 8th edition)
nasopharyngeal carcinoma and report on its preliminary efficacy.
Methods: Consecutive patients treated with induction chemotherapy (IC) TPF followed by CCRT between
2017 and 2020 were reviewed. TPF regimen consisted of three cycles of Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 D1; Cisplatin
75 mg/m2 D1; 5-fluorouracil 750 mg/m2 D1-5 every 3 weeks; with G-CSF D7-11. Radiotherapy consisted
of 70 Gy in 35 fractions with concomitant cisplatin 100 mg/m2
every 3 weeks.
Results: 28 patients were identified. 92.8% patients completed three cycles of IC. 79% patients received
concomitant cisplatin of ≥ 200 mg/m2
. The most common grade 3 or 4 acute toxicity was diarrhea (25%).
Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in 10.7% of patients, of which only 3.6% resulted in febrile neutropenia.
Median follow-up was 2 years. The 2-year overall survival, locoregional failure-free survival and distant
failure-free survival were 100%, 96.4% and 91.3% respectively.
Conclusion: IC using standard dose TPF was well tolerated in Chinese patients with manageable toxicities
and allowed adequate delivery of subsequent concurrent cisplatin. Survival outcomes were encouraging and
unnecessary dose reduction of TPF should be avoided.
Chloropid flies of the genus Cadrema (Diptera: Chloropidae) of Thailand with description of a new species
Authors: Nartshuk E. P.
Published: November 2020

Chloropid flies of the genus Cadrema Walker occurring Thailand are reviewed. Cadrema thailandica sp. nov. is described. Cadrema minor guizhouensis Yang & Yang, 1990 is synonymized with the nominate subspecies. Variation in the shape and number of black marks on the scutum in both species is discussed and illustrated.
Révéler le sens du soin avec l’Appreciative Inquiry
Authors: Barralis J.-C. , Proust S.
Published: November 2020

L’Appreciative Inquiry, fondée sur ce qui fonctionne bien, sur les forces du sujet, du groupe ou du système, suscite par une méthode précise et rigoureuse une dynamique créatrice de sens. En facilitant un abord optimal de l’autre, elle permet de nourrir ces atouts et ces besoins essentiels aux soignants que sont l’empathie, la coopération et le partage, etc. Alors que les hôpitaux sont sous pression, et le soin sous tension, l’Appreciative Inquiry représente une démarche innovante de questionnement appréciatif pour faire émerger les facteurs de réussite, les ingrédients du succès, trop souvent abandonnés, et surtout le meilleur des soignants et des patients. Elle permet de (re)mettre le sens en action en facilitant l’attention sur ce qui fait vie et satisfaction pour les soignants, le sentiment de « bien soigner » notamment, précieux pas uniquement dans sa valeur esthétique ou éthique mais en tant que stimulant, protecteur de la santé au travail et d’une haute qualité des soins.
THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN AGRICULTURAL EVOLUTION AT THE TURN OF THE 19TH–20TH CENTURIES
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Deryugina I. V.
Published: November 2020

The paper explores the evolution of agriculture in Kazakhstan during its accession to the Russian Empire. At this time, two independent sectors were established in the uniform agricultural mechanism of Kazakhstan: The arable farming, which developed due to the colonization policy of the Russian government, and the livestock sector, based on the traditional cattle breeding, originating in Kazakh steppe. The focus of the research is specifically determined by the fact that the agrarian reforms in Kazakhstan in the 21st century are based on the coexistence of these two independent sectors in agriculture. The article thus looks at three main issues. Firstly, according to the sources of the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, the migration policy of the Russian government, initiating a vast territorial expansion of the Russian speaking population, and economic transformations in agriculture on Kazakhstan territory. Secondly, the transformation of the livestock sector in Kazakhstan is analyzed in historical retrospect. The author argues that the classic type of nomadic cattle breeding began to change from the turn of the 18th–19th centuries, but the most noticeable changes in the composition of the herd and the type of nomadism were observed from the beginning of the 20th century. Thirdly, the formation of the arable farming, the impetus for the development of which was given by Russian colonization, is studied. The beginning of arable farming among nomads in the Kazakh steppe dates to the beginning of the 19th century, but it was fully developed at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries due to the allotment of lands to peasants from Central Russia. Arable farming is most widespread in Akmola, Turgay, Semirechensk and Syr Darya regions. Thus, the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, considered in the paper, proved to be the beginning of the Kazakhstan agricultural split into two independent sectors: Arable farming and livestock farming. Simultaneously the ethnic factor came to the fore, manifested in the division of the spheres of activity, where autochthon population was engaged in nomadic cattle breeding, and Russian immigrants were mostly engaged in seminatural agriculture.
Ireland and our LGBT Community
Authors:   University of Limerick, Amanda Haynes , Jennifer Schweppe ,   University of Limerick
Published: November 2020

Basic figures: – A large majority of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that gay men and lesbians (88%), bisexual people (87%) and transgender people (85%) “should be free to live their own life as they wish”. – Women were significantly more likely than men to agree with the above statement in respect to every identity group. People aged 25-34 years were significantly more likely than the general population to disagree with the statement. – On average, respondents were comfortable having people with a minority sexual orientation or gender identity as neighbours. Responses were significantly more positive towards having lesbians (M=8.51), bisexual people (M=8.40) and gay men (M=8.38) as neighbours compared to transgender people (M=7.98). – High levels of empathy were expressed with crime victims across all identity categories. Respondents were similarly empathetic towards heterosexual couples (M= 9.01), lesbian couples (M=9.05) and transgender persons (M=8.86) who are physically assaulted on the street. However, gay couples (M= 8.55) attracted significantly less empathy than a lesbian couple in similar circumstances. – Respondents were significantly more likely to intervene on behalf of a victim with a disability (M=7.86), than on behalf of an LGBT victim (M=6.96), but significantly more likely to intervene on behalf of an LGBT victim than an Irish Traveller (M= 5.82). – Respondents reported similar willingness to intervene on behalf of a lesbian pushed and slapped on the street by a stranger (M=7.38) and a transgender person (M= 7.03) in the same situation. Respondents were significantly more unlikely to intervene on behalf of a gay man (M=6.63) or bisexual person (M= 6.89) compared to a lesbian. – A third of respondents (33%) disagreed that violence against lesbians, gay men, bisexual and transgender people is a “serious problem in my country”, but more than half (58%) agreed that hate crimes hurt more than equivalent, non-bias, crimes.
Morphological characteristics of hair cuticle of clinically healthy domestic cats and dogs
Authors:   Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, Ukraine, Tymoshenko O. P. , Snopenko O. S. ,   Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, Ukraine, Papeta G. A. ,   Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, Ukraine, Vikulina G. V. ,   Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, Ukraine, Borovkov S. B. ,   Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, Ukraine, Korenev M. I. ,   Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

It is known that the typical for animals of different species the nature of the serrations of the free edges of the scales of the hair cuticle, the density of their location and proximity to each other can determine the species of animal hair samples. The aim of the study was to establish the value of the cuticular index in clinically healthy domestic cats and dogs. The area of the outer surface of the scales of the hair cuticle, or cuticular index, was determined in 20 clinically healthy domestic cats and 18 dogs. Examination of the cuticle was performed using prints on a colorless lacquer, which was applied to a glass slide, pressing the hair to the paint layer. The imprint was examined under a microscope (enlargement ×400) and the cuticular index value was established in the root zone, in the thickest part of the hair shaft, expressed in μM2. It was found that in domestic cats and dogs without clinical signs of any pathology, the values of the cuticular index are in the range of 80-170 and 100-210 μM2accordingly. The value of the cuticular index in domestic cats 60-70 μM2 and in dogs 60-90 μM2in 100 % accidents does not meet in healthy animals. The obtained results can be used as a control during diagnostic activities for numerous variants of internal pathology of domestic cats and dogs, as additional diagnostic tests.
Determination of the level of freshness of snail meat according to the content of the enzyme reductase
Authors:   Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, Ukraine, Yatsenko І. V. , Zabarna I. V. ,   Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, Ukraine, Bogatko N. M. ,   Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Ukraine, Rodionova K. A. ,   Odessa State Agrarian University, Ukraine, Вusol L. V. ,   Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, Ukraine, Bogatіrova A. M. ,   Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, Ukraine, Tkachuk S. А. ,   Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Borodin Yu. M. ,   Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

To search and use of alternative sources of animal protein is an urgent problem in Ukraine. In this aspect, snail meat is interesting, due to its nutritional value. Meat contains protein, essential vitamins and amino acids for humans, and does not contain cholesterol and unhealthy fats. There is no a comprehensive system for monitoring the safety and quality of snail meat in the system of state control of Ukraine for compliance with food legislation. Consequently, the question of determination of its safety, including and the degree of freshness is an urgent task. The method of determination of the level of freshness of snail meat, according to the content of the enzyme reductase with 0,1 % aqueous solution of methylene blue, was developed. This authors` approach is proposed both a qualitative and quantitative method to determine the degree of freshness of snail meat, according to other methods its safety determination. It has an advantage against existing methods because the safety of snail meat could be determine in different technological processing at different storage times by qualitative indicators of bacterial contamination of meat, depending on the level of freshness. According to the results of this method, it is able to obtain quantitative indicators of bacterial contamination of freshness of snail meat with the aim to determine its level. It was carried out that in fresh snail meat there is a discoloration in the meat extract after thermostating during 2,5 hours or it does not discolor (there is a stable blue color) – up to 103 CFU/g. In snail meat of dubious freshness, the meat extract is discolored in period from 40 minutes up to 2,5 h (104-105 CFU/g); in stale snail meat, discoloration of the meat extract is achieved in 20–40 minutes (106 CFU/g and more). The developed method of determination the freshness of snail meat according to the content of the enzyme reductase with 0,1% aqueous solution of methylene blue can be used in production laboratories at producing capacity for production, processing, sale and storage of snail meat, as well as in state laboratories of the State Food and Consumer Services of Ukraine. In addition, obtained data could make the basis for the development of normative documents in the system of state control over the safety of snail meat in Ukraine.
Christian faith and economic development : a case study of some Christian workers in Ghana’s public sector in Kumasi
Authors:   Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Ghana, Selorme Gedzi Victor , Nti-Abankoro Ignatius ,   Spiritan University College, Ghana
Published: November 2020

This study assessed Christian faith in relation to economic development of Ghana using some Christian Workers in Ghana's public sector in Kumasi as a sampled case study. Sectors studied were the judicial service, the public education sector, the health and the police services. Christian faith used in the study referred to normative values that would inform activities of individual Christian workers in the public sector economy. Consequently, the framework of the study is obtained from New Institutional Economics that is employed for the analysis of the relationship between values and economic performance. The data came via unstructured individual and group interviews, supplemented by observation and related literature. The study has shown that apart from a few who actually translated their faith into productive lives, majority of Christians in the unit of analysis have participated one way or other in corrupt practices that to a large extent, undermined the economic development of Ghana.
The role of the female body in contesting and negotiating space in sports for women in rural and urban Zimbabwe
Authors:   University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, Bernard Mlambo Obert
Published: November 2020

This article examined attitudes, knowledge, behavior and practices of men and society on Gender bias in sports. The paper examined how the African female body was made into an object of contest between African patriarchy and the colonial system and also shows how the battle for the female body eventually extended into the sporting field. It also explored the postcolonial period and the effects on Zimbabwean society of the colonial ideals of the Victorian culture of morality. The study focused on school sports and the participation of the girl child in sports such as netball, volleyball and football. Reference was made to other sports but emphasis was given to where women were affected. It is in this case where reference to the senior women soccer team was made to provide a case study for purposes of illustration. Selected rural community and urban schools were served as case references for ethnographic accounts which provided the qualitative data used in the analysis. In terms of methodology and theoretical framework, the paper adopted the political economy of the female body as an analytical viewing point in order to examine the body of the girl child and of women in action on the sporting field in Zimbabwe. In this context, the female body is viewed as deeply contested and as a medium that functions as a site for the redirection, profusion and transvaluation of gender ideals. Using the concept of embodiment, involving demeanor, body shape and perceptions of the female body in its social context, the paper attempted to establish a connection between gender ideologies and embodied practice. The results of the study showed the prevalence of condescending attitudes towards girls and women participation in sports.
Die Neumitgliederwerbung von SPD und CDU im Vergleich
Authors: Jakobs Simon
Published: November 2020

Handelt es sich bei dem Mitgliederschwund deutscher Volksparteien um ein unaufhaltsames Niedergangsszenario oder um ein umkehrbares Phänomen? In einer ersten systematischen Untersuchung der Strategien der CDU und SPD bei der Anwerbung neuer Parteimitglieder zeigt Jakobs, dass es sich lohnt, in ein völlig neues Forschungsfeld vorzudringen. Die vergleichende Analyse macht deutlich, dass der Mitgliederverlust in deutschen Parteien zwar gestoppt werden kann, aber die weitere Professionalisierung der Parteimitglieder notwendig macht.
Pille Macht Diskurs
Authors: Hartmann Kris Vera
Published: November 2020

Wie hat sich die Anti-Baby-Pille in Deutschland von einer politisierten zu einer normalisierten Technik entwickelt? Die Autorin untersucht vielfältige historische Diskurse um die Pille in der BRD von 1958 bis 1989 und analysiert, wie die Pille als materielle Objektivation in gesellschaftliche Machtverhältnisse, Normierungsbestrebungen sowie Emanzipationsvorstellungen verstrickt war.
The diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for assessing hepatocellular carcinoma compared to histopathology; a retrospective single-center analysis of 119 patients1
Authors: Marschner C.A. , Zhang L. , Schwarze V. , Völckers W. , Froelich M.F. , von Münchhausen N. , Schnitzer M.L. , Geyer T. , Fabritius M.P. , Rübenthaler J. , Clevert D.-A.
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: HCC as the 6th most common tumor entity with the fourth highest mortality and an increasing prevalence especially due to today’s lifestyle acquires a high attention in the clinical setting. Beside CECT and CEMRI, CEUS depicts a dynamic, low-risk and radiation free imaging method that finds its use mainly in screening and active surveillance programs. PURPOSE: The aim of the retrospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of CEUS in correlation to pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2004 and 2018 a total number of 119 patients were included in this retrospective single-center study. Every patient underwent CEUS in addition to a native B-mode and Color-Doppler scan. After given informed consent SonoVue® (Bracco, Milan, Italy), a second-generation blood-pool agent, was used as contrast medium. Every examination was performed and interpreted by a single experienced radiologist (EFSUMB level 3). A low mechanical index (MI) of <0,2 was chosen to obtain a good imaging quality. RESULTS: All 119 included patients received CEUS followed by a liver biopsy for inter-modality comparison. In correlation to the pathology results, CEUS showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 96,6%, a specificity of 63,9%, a PPV of 86,7% and a NPV of 88,5% by detecting liver lesions suspicious for HCC. According to the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient (k = 0,659) CEUS shows a strong inter-modality agreement in comparison to the histopathological finding. CONCLUSION: With a high sensitivity and a strong cross-modality comparability to histopathology, the CEUS is highly effective in the detection of suspicious HCC lesions.
Using in-game shot trajectories to better understand defensive impact in the NBA
Authors: Daly-Grafstein Daniel , Bornn Luke
Published: November 2020

As 3-point shooting in the NBA continues to increase, the importance of perimeter defense has never been greater. Perimeter defenders are often evaluated by their ability to tightly contest shots, but how exactly does contesting a jump shot cause a decrease in expected shooting percentage, and can we use this insight to better assess perimeter defender ability? In this paper we analyze over 50,000 shot trajectories from the NBA to explain why, in terms of impact on shot trajectories, shooters tend to miss more when tightly contested. We present a variety of results derived from this shot trajectory data. Additionally, pairing trajectory data with features such as defender height, distance, and contest angle, we are able to evaluate not just perimeter defenders, but also shooters’ resilience to defensive pressure. Utilizing shot trajectories and corresponding modeled shot-make probabilities, we are able to create perimeter defensive metrics that are more accurate and less variable than traditional metrics like opponent field goal percentage.
The MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) and Mediterranean Diets are differently associated with psychosomatic complaints profile in adults: Results from SEPAHAN Cross-sectional study
Authors: Haghighatdoost Fahimeh , Feizi Awat , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Keshteli Ammar Hassanzadeh , Roohafza Hamidreza , Afshar Hamid , Adibi Peyman
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:

In spite of an obvious association between diet and mental health, there is only few report regarding the association between diet and psychosomatic complaints.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the association of the Mediterranean-DASH diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet with psychosomatic complaints profile in comparison with the Mediterranean diet (aMED).

METHODS:

In this cross-sectional study on 2818 Isfahanian adults, a validated dish-based food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intakes. Psychosomatic complaints profile was evaluated through a self-administered Persian validated questionnaire by using exploratory factor analysis.

RESULTS:

After controlling for potential confounders, individuals in the highest quintile of the MIND diet had lower risk for experiencing psychological (odds ratio (OR)  = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42, 0.86; P trend < 0.0001), and pharyngeal-respiratory (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.79; P = 0.002). The association for neuro-skeletal complaints was marginally significant (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.43, 1.03; P = 0.093). The aMED diet tended to lower gastrointestinal complaints (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.46, 1.01; P = 0.062).

CONCLUSION:

The MIND diet was inversely associated with different psychosomatic complaints risk, but no evidence of such an association for the MED diet was observed.