bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of process parameters on the roughness and tensile behavior of parts manufactured by the metals LPBF process
Authors: Correa‐Gómez Erasmo , Castro‐Espinosa Homero , Caballero‐Ruiz Alberto , García‐López Erika , Ruiz‐Huerta Leopoldo
Published: May 2024

The laser powder bed fusion process for metals (LPBF‐M) results in the development of stochastic surface features that significantly influence the interactions between parts and their surrounding environment, as well as their mechanical properties. The process parameters influence the surface quality, which is quantified by the surface roughness. Therefore, customizing the surface roughness during the build process can significantly contribute to obtaining ready‐to‐use parts, reducing the need for extensive surface posttreatments. This paper utilizes theoretical estimations of melt pool depth under iso‐linear energy density, iso‐power, and iso‐temperature manufacturing process parameter conditions. These estimations are then compared with experimental evaluations of surface roughness and tensile strength in upright‐built specimens to extract the trends in terms of the input energy versus roughness, and the input energy versus tensile behavior. The results show that iso‐energy values yield similar roughnesses due to the consistent expected melt pool depth. Moreover, an increase in melt pool depth generates higher surface roughness, while smaller melt pool dimensions result in improved roughness. Additionally, a comparison between the melt pool size and tensile test performance reveals a detrimental impact on the tensile strength for specimens estimated to have smaller melt pool depths.
Synthesis, characterization, physicochemical, and electrical properties of natural (bio) nanofluids
Authors: Awua J. T. , Ibrahim J. S. , Krishnan Suseel Jai , Edeoja A. O. , Kuhe A. , Sharifpur M. , Murshed S. M. S.
Published: May 2024

Energy conservation and sustainability to reduce the dependence on conventional sources have resulted in modified or advanced process practices. One such is the use of nanofluids for enhanced energy efficiency. However, such practices must not be at the cost of environmental hazards. The current study emphasizes bio‐based nanofluids formulated at five different volumetric concentrations (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0%) using Flamboyant (Royal Poinciana) tree bark nanoparticles with ethylene glycol as base fluid. The nanoparticles synthesized by cost‐effective extensive ball milling technique were spherical in shape. Analyzing the nanofluid with TEM confirms the particles as evenly distributed with an average diameter of 26 nm. Elemental analysis shows that the bio powder contains oxides of Calcium and Silicon. The pH, electrical conductivity, and viscosity of the prepared flamboyant tree bark‐ethylene glycol (FTB‐EG) nanofluid were quantified between 20 and 70°C. Although the properties enhanced with increase in concentration, the viscosity and pH decreased with temperature rise, while the electrical conductivity behaved contradictory. The maximum and minimum values of the properties were attributed to 1.0% and 0.2% concentrations, respectively. The correlations were proposed and the deviation between the measured and correlation data was less than 10%.
Boosting large‐scale construction project risk management: Application of the impact of building information modeling, knowledge management, and sustainable practices for optimal productivity
Authors: Tabejamaat Sajad , Ahmadi Hassan , Barmayehvar Behnod
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the relationship between Building Information Modeling (BIM) and knowledge management in large‐scale construction projects, emphasizing risk management, and increasing productivity. This study aims to identify the most important and impactful aspects of modern management techniques in the large‐scale construction sector to improve construction quality; focusing on cost reduction, energy conservation, and pollution reduction during construction. Employing a validated questionnaire from experts and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the research prioritizes key factors, elucidating the pivotal role of BIM in understanding project geometry, efficient documentation, design flexibility, and reduced project delays. Ascertained through data analysis employing the pairwise comparisons method of the AHP analysis method, the compatibility of all comparisons and matrices arising from the decision‐making process of experts was below 0.1. The results establish BIM's technical capabilities, economic considerations, and pollution reduction as paramount, contributing significantly to improve large‐scale construction project risk management. The prioritization of the main criteria reveals their significance in the following order: BIM technical capabilities (0.281), BIM economic capabilities (0.231), pollution reduction (0.228), knowledge management capabilities (0.096), BIM time capabilities (0.090), and human resources management capabilities (0.074). BIM can improve risk management for large‐scale construction projects by: using the BIM model to understand the geometry and features of large‐scale construction projects; digitizing and organizing contract documents, project data, plans, work instructions, roles and responsibilities, cost, time, and energy analysis, and other project‐related documents for efficient project management; decreased duplication and project delays; reducing the need for on‐site personnel during implementation and CO2 emissions reduction. According to the results of the BIM model utilization to better understand the geometry and characteristics of large‐scale construction projects, the item was identified as the most significant and influential among the main components.
Ecotoxicological Assessment of Microplastics and Cellulose Particles in the Galápagos Islands and Galápagos Penguin Food Web
Authors: McMullen Karly , Calle Paola , Alvarado-Cadena Omar , Kowal Matthew D. , Espinoza Eduardo , Domínguez Gustavo A. , Tirapé Ana , Vargas Félix Hérnán , Grant Edward , Hunt Brian P. V. , Pakhomov Evgeny A. , Alava Juan José
Published: May 2024

Microplastic pollution threatens some of the world's most iconic locations for marine biodiversity, including the remote Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Using the Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) as a sentinel species, the present study assessed microplastics and suspected anthropogenic cellulose concentrations in surface seawater and zooplankton near Santa Cruz and Galápagos penguin colonies (Floreana, Isabela, Santiago), as well as in penguin potential prey (anchovies, mullets, milkfish) and penguin scat. On average, 0.40 ± 0.32 microplastics L−1 were found in surface seawater (<10 μm; n = 63 L), while 0.003, 0.27, and 5.12 microplastics individual−1 were found in zooplankton (n = 3372), anchovies (n = 11), and mullets (n = 6), respectively. The highest concentration (27 microplastics individual−1) was observed in a single milkfish. Calculations based on microplastics per gram of prey, in a potential diet composition scenario, suggest that the Galápagos penguin may consume 2881 to 9602 microplastics daily from prey. Despite this, no microplastics or cellulose were identified in 3.40 g of guano collected from two penguins. Our study confirms microplastic exposure in the pelagic food web and endangered penguin species within the UNESCO World Heritage site Galápagos Islands, which can be used to inform regional and international policies to mitigate plastic pollution and conserve biodiversity in the global ocean. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1442–1457. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Tissue-Specific Distribution and Maternal Transfer of Persistent Organic Halogenated Pollutants in Frogs
Authors: Guan Ke-Lan , Luo Xiao-Jun , Zhu Chu-Hong , Chen Xi , Chen Peng-Peng , Guo Jian , Hu Ke-Qi , Zeng Yan-Hong , Mai Bi-Xian
Published: May 2024

Persistent organic pollutants pose a great threat to amphibian populations, but information on the bioaccumulation of contaminants in amphibians remains scarce. To examine the tissue distribution and maternal transfer of organic halogenated pollutants (OHPs) in frogs, seven types of tissues from black-spotted frog (muscle, liver, kidney, stomach, intestine, heart, and egg) were collected from an e-waste–polluted area in South China. Among the seven frog tissues, median total OHP concentrations of 2.3 to 9.7 μg/g lipid weight were found (in 31 polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB] individuals and 15 polybrominated diphenyl ether [PBDE], dechlorane plus [syn-DP and anti-DP], bexabromobenzene [HBB], polybrominated biphenyl] PBB153 and -209], and decabromodiphenyl ethane [DBDPE] individuals). Sex-specific differences in contaminant concentration and compound compositions were observed among the frog tissues, and eggs had a significantly higher contaminant burden on the whole body of female frogs. In addition, a significant sex difference in the concentration ratios of other tissues to the liver was observed in most tissues except for muscle. These results suggest that egg production may involve the mobilization of other maternal tissues besides muscle, which resulted in the sex-specific distribution. Different parental tissues had similar maternal transfer mechanisms; factors other than lipophilicity (e.g., molecular size and proteinophilic characteristics) could influence the maternal transfer of OHPs in frogs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1557–1568. © 2024 SETAC
Taste and its receptors in human physiology: A comprehensive look
Authors: Li Chao , Li Yaxin , Sun Qing , Abdurehim Aliya , Xu Jiawen , Xie Junbo , Zhang Yanqing
Published: May 2024

Increasing evidence shows that food has significance beyond traditional perception (providing nutrition and energy) in maintaining normal life activities. It is indicated that the sense of taste plays a crucial part in regulating human life activities. Taste is one of the basic physiological sensations in mammals, and it is the fundamental guarantee for them to perceive, select, and ingest nutrients in order to survive. With the advances in electrophysiology, molecular biology, and structural biology, studies on the intracellular and extracellular transduction mechanisms of taste have made great progress and gradually revealed the indispensable role of taste receptors in the regulation and maintenance of normal physiological activities. Up to now, how food regulates life activities through the taste pathway remains unclear. Thus, this review comprehensively and systematically summarizes the current study about the sense of taste, the function of taste receptors, the taste–structure relationship of gustatory molecules, the cross‐talking between distinctive tastes, and the role of the gut–organ axis in the realization of taste. Moreover, we also provide forward‐looking perspectives on taste research to afford a scientific basis for revealing the scientific connotation of taste receptors regulating body health.
Improving patient outcomes following vital sign monitoring protocol failure: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Seitz‐Rasmussen H. E. Sebastian , Føns‐Sønderskov Morten , Kodal Anne‐Marie , Bestle Morten H.
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

Vital sign monitoring needs to be timely and correct to recognize deteriorating patients early and trigger the relevant clinical response. The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate compliance specifically toward the regional vital sign monitoring protocol the so called early warning score protocol (EWS‐protocol) 72 h before a medical emergency team response (MET‐response) and thereby illuminate whether poor compliance translates into a worse patient outcome.

Methods

It was investigated all eligible patients that underwent MET responses during the calendar year 2019. The inclusion criteria encompassed somatic patients above 18 years of age admitted to the hospital and detailed evaluations of the medical records of the included patients were conducted.

Results

Four hundred and twenty‐nine MET‐responses were included in the final analysis. EWS‐protocol failure was observed for more than half the patients within all the time frames assessed. Thirty‐day mortality was significantly higher for patients subject to EWS protocol failure in the timeframes 24−16, 16−8, 8−0 h before MET response. Adjusting for admission length, age, and gender, patients subject to EWS‐protocol failure had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.3 for mortality in the time frames 72−48, 24−16, 16−8, and 8−0 h before the MET‐response, respectively. The adjusted OR for ICU‐admission was 1.7, and 1.6 for patients subject to EWS‐protocol failure in the time frames 16−8 and 8−0 h before MET‐response, respectively.

Conclusion

According to all the data analysis in this article, there is evidence that compliance toward the NEWS‐protocol is poor. EWS‐protocol failure is associated with a significant higher mortality and ICU‐admission rate.
Molecular detection of Class 1, 2, and 3 integrons in hypervirulent and classic Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Farajzadeh Sheikh Ahmad , Abdi Marjan , Farshadzadeh Zahra
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

The “hypervirulent” variant of Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is an emerging pathogen that cause life‐threatening infection. The present study was conducted to identify the prevalence of hvKp and to investigate the presence class 1, 2, and 3 integrons in these isolates.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted at three teaching hospitals, Ahvaz, South‐west of Iran, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. Samples were collected from inpatients and included only the first samples collected from each patient. K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from different specimens using biochemical test and confirmed by targeting 16S–23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer. HvKp isolates were recovered using string test and were further characterized by detection virulence‐associated genes (rmpA, iucA, and magA). Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates were determined using the disc diffusion method. Isolates were screened for presence the integron genes (intI, intII, and intIII) and repetitive element sequence‐based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed to determine strain relatedness. SPSS version 22 was used for the data analysis.

Results

Seventy‐one (77%) of isolates showed multidrug‐resistant (MDR) phenotype. HvKP accounted for 14% (13/92) of cKp isolated from blood (46%) and urinary tract infection (38%), and the great majority of them (61.5%; 8/13) exhibited MDR phenotype. Using the PCR assay, 29 of 92 isolates (31.5%) were found to have positive results for the presence of IntI. Three of the IntI‐positive strains were hvKP. Class 2 integron was present in 8/92 cKp isolates. Integron Class 2 was found to coexist with Class 1 integron in 3/8 isolates. All integron‐positive isolates (IntI and/or IntII) were resistant to at least three different classes of antibiotics and showed MDR phenotype. No Class 3 integrons were detected among the isolates.

Conclusion

The results of our study revealed that considering the role of integrons in facilitating the acquisition and dissemination of resistance genes among bacteria, monitoring the emergence of hvKp, emphasizing on the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance, can prevent from the spread of carbapenemase‐producing hvKp strains.
Post‐diagnosis adiposity and colorectal cancer prognosis: A Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Becerra‐Tomás Nerea , Markozannes Georgios , Cariolou Margarita , Balducci Katia , Vieira Rita , Kiss Sonia , Aune Dagfinn , Greenwood Darren C. , Dossus Laure , Copson Ellen , Renehan Andrew G. , Bours Martijn , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Hudson Melissa M. , May Anne M. , Odedina Folakemi T. , Skinner Roderick , Steindorf Karen , Tjønneland Anne , Velikova Galina , Baskin Monica L. , Chowdhury Rajiv , Hill Lynette , Lewis Sarah J. , Seidell Jaap , Weijenberg Matty P. , Krebs John , Cross Amanda J. , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Chan Doris S. M.
Published: May 2024

The adiposity influence on colorectal cancer prognosis remains poorly characterised. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis on post‐diagnosis adiposity measures (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, weight) or their changes and colorectal cancer outcomes. PubMed and Embase were searched through 28 February 2022. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted when at least three studies had sufficient information. The quality of evidence was interpreted and graded by the Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) independent Expert Committee on Cancer Survivorship and Expert Panel. We reviewed 124 observational studies (85 publications). Meta‐analyses were possible for BMI and all‐cause mortality, colorectal cancer‐specific mortality, and cancer recurrence/disease‐free survival. Non‐linear meta‐analysis indicated a reverse J‐shaped association between BMI and colorectal cancer outcomes (nadir at BMI 28 kg/m2). The highest risk, relative to the nadir, was observed at both ends of the BMI distribution (18 and 38 kg/m2), namely 60% and 23% higher risk for all‐cause mortality; 95% and 26% for colorectal cancer‐specific mortality; and 37% and 24% for cancer recurrence/disease‐free survival, respectively. The higher risk with low BMI was attenuated in secondary analyses of RCTs (compared to cohort studies), among studies with longer follow‐up, and in women suggesting potential methodological limitations and/or altered physiological state. Descriptively synthesised studies on other adiposity‐outcome associations of interest were limited in number and methodological quality. All the associations were graded as limited (likelihood of causality: no conclusion) due to potential methodological limitations (reverse causation, confounding, selection bias). Additional well‐designed observational studies and interventional trials are needed to provide further clarification.
Relationships between emotion regulation strategies and executive functions in adolescence: Exploring the effects of discrete emotions and age
Authors: Fombouchet Yoann , Lannegrand Lyda , Lucenet Joanna
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Emotion regulation (ER) develops during adolescence and contributes to psychosocial adjustment. Individual differences in the development of ER strategies may be related to cognitive processes responsible for managing goal‐directed behaviors, namely executive functions (EFs). This study examined (1) examined how difficulties in specific EFs (i.e., inhibition, flexibility and working memory) predict the use of ER strategies (i.e., reappraisal, distraction, expressive suppression, rumination, support‐seeking) in an emotion‐specific approach and (2) investigated these links across three different age groups (corresponding to early, middle and late adolescence), considering the nonlinear evolution of the relationships between EF and ER strategies during adolescence.

Methods

The sample was composed of 1076 adolescents aged from 12 to 19 years old who completed questionnaires on EF difficulties (i.e., inhibition, flexibility, and working memory) and ER strategies (i.e., distraction, reappraisal, expressive suppression, social support‐seeking, and rumination).

Results

Results showed various complex relationships between EFs and ER. Flexibility issues were related to rumination at all ages, while inhibition and flexibility difficulties were negatively linked to reappraisal in mid‐ to late adolescence. Many relationships were emotion‐ and age‐dependent.

Conclusions

These findings support the link between cognitive and emotional regulatory processes. Its complex evolution during adolescence opens a new avenue for future research.
Prediction of Pediatric Pharmacokinetics for CYP3A4 Metabolized Drugs: Comparison of the Performance of Two Hepatic Ontogeny Within a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model
Authors: Codaccioni Marc , Southall Rosalind L. , Dinh Jean , Johnson Trevor N.
Published: May 2024

The rapid growth in the use of pediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, particularly for regulatory applications, has focused emphasis on model verification and ensuring system parameters are robust, including how these change with age. Uncertainty remains regarding the ontogeny of some enzymes and transporters, in this study 2 published ontogeny profiles for hepatic CYP3A4 were compared. Clinical pharmacokinetic data on 4 intravenously administered CYP3A4 substrates (alfentanil, fentanyl, midazolam, and sildenafil) used across the pediatric age range was collected from the literature. The PBPK models were verified in the adult population and then used to compare the Salem and a modified Upreti ontogeny profiles for CYP3A4 in terms of parent drug clearance and area under the curve from birth onward. Overall, the modified Upreti ontogeny profile resulted in 15 out of 17 age‐related predictions within 2‐fold and 12 out of 17 predictions within 1.5‐fold ranges of observed values, for the Salem ontogeny these values were 12 out of 17 and 8 out of 17, respectively. The Upreti ontogeny profile performed better than Salem, average fold error and absolute average fold error were 1.14 and 1.35 compared to 1.56 and 1.90, respectively.

Identifying the optimal CYP3A4 ontogeny is important for regulatory use of PBPK especially given the number of drugs cleared by this enzyme. This study broadens the evidence from previous studies that Upreti is more favorable than Salem, but further work is needed especially in the neonatal and early infant age range.
Experiences of oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis use among heterosexual men accessing sexual and reproductive health services in South Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Cholo Fatima Abegail , Dada Siphokazi , Martin Catherine Elizabeth , Mullick Saiqa
Published: May 2024

Introduction

South African men face a substantial burden of HIV and are less likely to test for HIV and initiate antiretroviral therapy if tested positive and more likely to die from AIDS‐related causes than women. In addition to condoms and circumcision, guidelines provide for the use of daily oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as an HIV prevention intervention for any men who recognize their need and request PrEP. However, heterosexual men have not been a focus of PrEP programmes, and since its introduction, there is limited literature on PrEP use among men in South Africa. This study explores the experiences, motivators and barriers to oral PrEP use among heterosexual men accessing primary healthcare services in South Africa.

Methods

This study forms part of a mixed‐methods implementation science study aimed at generating evidence for oral PrEP introduction and conducted in primary healthcare clinics in South Africa since 2018. Men aged ≥15 years who initiated oral PrEP and enrolled in a parent cohort study were purposefully invited to participate in an in‐depth interview (IDI). Between March 2020 and May 2022, 30 men participated in IDIs exploring their motivators for PrEP use, and experiences with accessing health services. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.

Results

The final analysis included 28 heterosexual men (18–56 years old). Motivations to initiate PrEP included fear of acquiring HIV, self‐perceived vulnerability to HIV and mistrust in relationships; health systems factors which motivated PrEP use included the influence of healthcare providers, educational materials and mobile services. Perceived reduction in HIV vulnerability and changing proximity to partners were reasons for PrEP discontinuation. Side effects, daily‐pill burden and stigma were noted as challenges to PrEP use. Health system barriers to PrEP use included limited PrEP availability, school and work demands, and inconsistent mobile clinic schedules.

Conclusions

Our study reports on the experiences of heterosexual men accessing oral PrEP in real‐world settings and contributes to the limited literature among this population. We highlight multiple levels which could be strengthened to improve men's PrEP use, including individual support, education among partners and communities, and addressing health system barriers to access.
Notched P‐wave on digital electrocardiogram predicts the recurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients who have undergone catheter ablation
Authors: Okuyama Takafumi , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Kario Kazuomi
Published: May 2024

Background

A notched P‐wave is associated with the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the association between a notched P‐wave and AF recurrence in patients who have undergone a catheter ablation for AF is unclear.

Methods

We enrolled 100 subjects who underwent catheter ablation for AF (paroxysmal AF: 60 cases; persistent AF: 40 cases). Twelve‐lead electrocardiography (ECG) was conducted, and the peak‐to‐peak distance in the M shape was calculated automatically using a 12‐lead ECG analysis system. A notched P‐wave was defined as a P‐wave with an M‐shape and a peak‐to‐peak distance of ≥20 ms in lead II. We compared the recurrence of AF in the patients with notched P‐wave and the others.

Results

The mean follow‐up period was 12 ± 8 months, and a recurrence of AF was observed in 28 patients. The recurrence of AF in the notched P‐wave group was significantly higher than that in the controls (log rank 5.14, p = .023). A notched P‐wave was a significant predictor of the recurrence of AF after adjustment for age, gender, history of heart failure, history of catheter ablation, persistent AF, use of antiarrhythmic drugs, and the left atrial volume index (hazard ratio 2.470, 95% confidence interval 1.065–5.728, p = .035).

Conclusions

Automatically identified notched P‐waves with peak‐to‐peak distance ≥20 ms were associated with AF recurrence in patients who had undergone catheter ablation.
A strategy to enhance soil quality and soil organic carbon stock in abandoned lands: Pasture regeneration through shrub clearing
Authors: Cortijos‐López Melani , Sánchez‐Navarrete Pedro , de la Parra‐Muñoz Inés , Lasanta Teodoro , Nadal‐Romero Estela
Published: May 2024

Farmland abandonment in Mediterranean mid‐mountain areas can lead to the degradation or recovery of soil properties. Typically, after abandonment, fields are covered with shrubs, which hinders livestock grazing and constitutes high wildfire risk. To avoid these negative effects, shrubs are cleared in selected areas. The main objective of this study is to evaluate whether shrub clearing can improve soil quality and enhance carbon sequestration. A case study was conducted in the Leza Valley (La Rioja, Spain), examining five different land uses/management practices in both acid and alkaline soil environments. These included shrubland (control), three shrub clearing sites (managed <5, 15, and 25 years ago), and control pasture (reference). Soil replicates at different depths (0–40 cm) were collected, and physico‐chemical properties were analysed. A theoretical map of potential shrub clearing areas was created, and the potential to accumulate carbon was evaluated. Results showed that shrub clearing increases soil organic carbon and nitrogen, specially in 25‐year clearings. The increases were greater and significant on alkaline environments. The cartographical analysis reveals that 3388 ha can be still cleared in the Leza Valley, which could increase soil organic carbon accumulation by up to 31.6% in 25‐year period. We propose shrub‐clearing as a strategy for enhancing carbon sequestration in Mediterranean mountain areas.
Effective treatment of corticosteroid‐induced facial erythema using fractional radiofrequency microneedling
Authors: Huang Xiaowen , Zheng Siqi , Chen Pingjiao , Zhu Menghua , Guo Jia , Li Qian , Zeng Kang , He Sijin
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To investigate the efficacy of Fractional Radiofrequency Microneedling (FRM) in treating corticosteroid‐induced facial erythema.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted involving eight patients diagnosed as corticosteroid‐induced facial erythema. Each patient underwent a single session of FRM. Evaluative measures included Clinician's Erythema Assessment (CEA), Patient's Self‐Assessment (PSA), assessment of telangiectasia severity, procedure‐associated pain (10‐point scale), patient satisfaction (3‐point scale) and secondary outcomes.

Results

The study found a 75% success rate and 100% effectiveness rate in alleviating erythema symptoms. CEA and PSA scores decreased by 67.7% and 78.1%, respectively. No cases of erythema rebound were recorded during the 3‐month follow‐up period.

Conclusions

FRM demonstrated effectiveness and safety in treating facial erythema, offering promising advancement in dermatologic therapeutics.
Design of Reversible Adhesives by Using a Triple Function of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wanghofer Florian , Kriehuber Matthias , Reisinger David , Floh Florian , Wolfahrt Markus , Schlögl Sandra
Published: May 2024

Reversible adhesives are crucial for a circular economy of composites as they play a key role for rework, repair, and recycling of adhesively bonded components. Herein, electrically debondable adhesives are prepared by introducing ionic liquids in dynamic thiol–epoxy networks. The function of the ionic liquid in the networks is threefold as it accelerates the curing reaction between thiol and epoxy monomers, facilitates electrical debonding, and catalyzes thermoactivated transesterification reactions, required for rebonding at elevated temperature. A library of 1,3‐dibutylimidazolium‐based ionic liquids with varying anions is synthetized and it is found that 1,3‐dibutyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium dicyanamide (DiButIm─N(CN)2) is superior in accelerating bond‐exchange reactions between hydroxy and ester moieties at elevated temperature. Thus, a thiol–epoxy resin containing 20 wt% of DiButIm─N(CN)2 is used to impregnate glass fiber mats yielding adhesive connections for aluminum substrates with 10.2 MPa pull‐off strength. The adhesive connections are successfully debonded at the metal–adhesive interface by applying 120 V. The samples are then rebonded via the thermoactivated change in the networks’ viscoelastic properties and ≈80% (8.1 MPa) of their original bond strength can be regained. By providing a simple strategy to synthetize reversible adhesives, this approach paves a way toward improved recyclability and repairability of adhesively bonded structures.
Improving Conversations about Parkinson's Dementia
Authors: Dobreva Ivelina , Thomas Joanne , Marr Anne , O’Connell Ruairiadh , Roche Moïse , Hannaway Naomi , Dore Charlotte , Rose Sian , Liu Ken , Bhome Rohan , Baldwin‐Jones Sion , Roberts Janet , Archibald Neil , Alston Duncan , Amar Khaled , Edwards Emma , Foley Jennifer A. , Haunton Victoria J. , Henderson Emily J. , Jha Ashwani , Lindop Fiona , Magee Cathy , Massey Luke , Ruiz‐Mendoza Eladia , Mohamed Biju , Patterson Katherine , Ramaswamy Bhanu , Schrag Anette , Silverdale Monty , Suárez‐González Aida , Subramanian Indu , Foltynie Tom , Williams‐Gray Caroline H. , Yarnall Alison J. , Carroll Camille , Bale Claire , Hugill Cassandra , Weil Rimona S.
Published: May 2024

Background

People with Parkinson's disease (PD) have an increased risk of dementia, yet patients and clinicians frequently avoid talking about it due to associated stigma, and the perception that “nothing can be done about it”. However, open conversations about PD dementia may allow people with the condition to access treatment and support, and may increase participation in research aimed at understanding PD dementia.

Objectives

To co‐produce information resources for patients and healthcare professionals to improve conversations about PD dementia.

Methods

We worked with people with PD, engagement experts, artists, and a PD charity to open up these conversations. 34 participants (16 PD; 6 PD dementia; 1 Parkinsonism, 11 caregivers) attended creative workshops to examine fears about PD dementia and develop information resources. 25 PD experts contributed to the resources.

Results

While most people with PD (70%) and caregivers (81%) shared worries about cognitive changes prior to the workshops, only 38% and 30%, respectively, had raised these concerns with a healthcare professional. 91% of people with PD and 73% of caregivers agreed that PD clinicians should ask about cognitive changes routinely through direct questions and perform cognitive tests at clinic appointments. We used insights from the creative workshops, and input from a network of PD experts to co‐develop two open‐access resources: one for people with PD and their families, and one for healthcare professionals.

Conclusion

Using artistic and creative workshops, co‐learning and striving for diverse voices, we co‐produced relevant resources for a wider audience to improve conversations about PD dementia.
Design and simulation of solid‐core octagonal photonic crystal fiber for terahertz wave propagation
Authors: Singh Gurmeet , Sharma Shubham , Kumar Ajeet
Published: May 2024

A solid‐core (SC) octagonal photonic crystal fiber (O‐PCF) designed for operation in the terahertz regime aims to enhance its performance. The effective material loss, confinement loss, effective mode area, and nonlinear coefficient have been investigated and compared for two different media: silica glass and Teflon. The terahertz frequency range from 0.7 to 3.0 THz has been utilized to analyze all the results using a full‐vectorial finite element method, with COMSOL Multiphysics software employed for the simulations. With a suitable selection of parameters, the proposed SC O‐PCF demonstrates the potential to minimize losses and increase the effective mode area of the fundamental mode.
Novel input impedance analysis of differential feed microstrip antennas using the bi‐characteristic‐impedance transmission line (BCITL) model
Authors: Lertsakwimarn Kittima , Phaebua Kittisak , Torrungrueng Danai
Published: May 2024

This letter presents a novel analysis of the input impedances of differential feed microstrip antennas using the bi‐characteristic‐impedance transmission line (BCITL) model instead of the conventional two‐port parameters. The expressions of associated input impedances using the novel BCITL model are found to be simple, compact, and robust with better physical insights. In addition, measured results are also provided to validate the accuracy of the BCITL model.
Dose averaged linear energy transfer optimization for large sacral chordomas in carbon ion therapy
Authors: Schafasand Mansure , Resch Andreas Franz , Nachankar Ankita , Góra Joanna , Martino Giovanna , Traneus Erik , Glimelius Lars , Georg Dietmar , Fossati Piero , Carlino Antonio , Stock Markus
Published: May 2024

Background

Carbon ion beams are well accepted as densely ionizing radiation with a high linear energy transfer (LET). However, the current clinical practice does not fully exploit the highest possible dose‐averaged LET (LETd) and, consequently, the biological potential in the target. This aspect becomes worse in larger tumors for which inferior clinical outcomes and corresponding lower LETd was reported.

Purpose

The vicinity to critical organs in general and the inferior overall survival reported for larger sacral chordomas treated with carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT), makes the treatment of such tumors challenging. In this work it was aimed to increase the LETd in large volume tumors while maintaining the relative biological effectiveness (RBE)‐weighted dose, utilizing the LETd optimization functions of a commercial treatment planning system (TPS).

Methods

Ten reference sequential boost carbon ion treatment plans, designed to mimic clinical plans for large sacral chordoma tumors, were generated. High dose clinical target volumes (CTV‐HD) larger than were considered as large targets. The total RBE‐weighted median dose prescription with the local effect model (LEM) was in 16 fractions (nine to low dose and seven to high dose planning target volume). No LETd optimization was performed in the reference plans, while LETd optimized plans used the minimum LETd (Lmin) optimization function in RayStation 2023B. Three different Lmin values were investigated and specified for the seven boost fractions: , and . To compare the LETd optimized against reference plans, LETd and RBE‐weighted dose based goals similar to and less strict than clinical ones were specified for the target. The goals for the organs at risk (OAR) remained unchanged. Robustness evaluation was studied for eight scenarios ( range uncertainty and setup uncertainty along the main three axes).

Results

The optimization method with resulted in an optimal LETd distribution with an average increase of (and ) in the CTV‐HD by () (and ()), without significant difference in the RBE‐weighted dose. By allowing over‐ and under‐dosage in the target, the (and ) can be increased by () (and ()), using the optimization parameters . The pass rate for the OAR goals in the LETd optimized plans was in the same level as the reference plans. LETd optimization lead to less robust plans compared to reference plans.

Conclusions

Compared to conventionally optimized treatment plans, the LETd in the target was increased while maintaining the RBE‐weighted dose using TPS LETd optimization functionalities. Regularly assessing RBE‐weighted dose robustness and acquiring more in‐room images remain crucial and inevitable aspects during treatment.
Gesetze des Himmels und des Wasserstoffs
Authors: Loos Andreas
Published: May 2024

Er ist begeistert von Physik, Mathematik, Theologie, Architektur, Geometrie und vor allem von der Numerologie, in deren Geiste ihm eine elegante Formel für das damals bekannte Wasserstoff‐Spektrum gelingt.
Registration of FloRun ‘T61’ peanut
Authors: Tillman B. L.
Published: May 2024

FloRun ‘T61’ (Reg. no. CV‐159, PI 700039) is a high‐oleic, runner market‐type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar developed by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, North Florida Research and Education Center, near Marianna, FL. It resulted from a cross between ‘Georiga‐06G’ and a University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station experimental line ‘UF12302’ and was tested under the experimental designation UF11 × 41‐HO1‐4‐1‐1 and was approved for release in 2021. FloRun ‘T61’ has a semi‐prostrate growth habit, with moderate vine size and a prominent center stem. The seed is smaller than seed of Georgia‐06G but larger than FloRun ‘331’ (67.3 g vs. 64.6 g; P < 0.0001). It yielded similarly to FloRun ‘331’ over the 4‐year period of 2017–2020 in three Florida locations (7862 kg ha−1 vs. 8068 kg ha−1), and its pod yield was slightly greater than Georgia‐06G during the 5‐year period of 2016–2020 (7680 kg ha−1 vs. 7273 kg ha−1; P = 0.0137). The total sound mature kernel grade of FloRun ‘T61’ was slightly greater than that of FloRun ‘331’ (78.6% vs. 77.7%, P < 0.025) but was similar to the total sound mature kernel grade of Georgia‐06G. FloRun ‘T61’ has high oleic oil chemistry composed of 77.1% oleic fatty acid versus 58.7% for Georgia‐06G in 2020 (P < 0.001) and 79.2% in 2021 compared with 65.7% for Georgia‐06G (P < 0.001). Over 5 years, the spotted wilt ratings of FloRun ‘T61’ (2.5) were less than for FloRun ‘331’ (4.8; P < 0.01). In summary, FloRun ‘T61’ combines excellent yield, grade, disease, and oil chemistry traits and should be beneficial to farmers and manufacturers of peanut foods.
Vision detection and path planning of mobile robots for rebar binding
Authors: Cheng Bin , Deng Lei
Published: May 2024

Focused on the problems of cumbersome operation, low efficiency, and high cost in the traditional manual rebar binding process, we propose a mobile robot vision detection and path‐planning method for rebar binding to realize automated rebar binding by combining deep learning and path‐planning technology. A MobileNetV3‐SSD rebar binding crosspoints recognition model is built based on TensorFlow deep learning framework, and a crosspoints localization method combining control factor α and feature projection curve is introduced to achieve the localization of unbound crosspoints. In addition, A back‐and‐forth path‐planning algorithm with priority constraints combined with dead zone escape algorithm based on improved A* is proposed to achieve complete coverage path planning of the working area and path transfer of the dead zone. In the field test of the robot prototype, the classification accuracy and localization accuracy reached 94.40% and 90.49%, and the robot was able to reach complete coverage path planning successfully. The experimental results show that the visual detection method can achieve fast, noncontact and intelligent recognition of rebar binding crosspoints, which has good robustness and application value. At the same time, the proposed path‐planning method has higher efficiency in the execution of robot complete coverage path planning, and meets the basic requirements of path planning for rebar binding process.
Identifying Current Collectors that Enable Light–Battery Interactions
Authors: Pujari Arvind , Kim Byung‐man , Greenham Neil C. , De Volder Michael
Published: May 2024

In recent years, there has been an increased focus on studying light–battery interactions in the context of operando optical studies and integrated photoelectrochemical energy harvesting. However, there has been little insight into identifying suitable “light‐accepting” current collectors for this class of batteries. In this study, fluorine‐doped tin oxide, indium‐tin oxide, and silver nanowire‐graphene films are analyzed along with carbon paper, carbon nanotube paper, and stainless‐steel mesh as current collectors for optical batteries. They are categorized into two classes – transmissive and non‐transmissive, based on the orientation of the light–electrode interaction. Various methods to prepare the electrode are highlighted, including drop casting and the fabrication of free‐standing electrodes. The optical and electrical properties of these current collectors as well as their electrochemical stability are measured using linear sweep voltammetry against zinc and lithium anodes. Finally, the rate performance and long‐term cycling stability of lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) cathodes are measured against lithium anodes with these current collectors and their performance is compared. These results show which current collector to choose depends on the application and cell chemistry. These guidelines will assist in the design of future optical cells for in‐situ measurements and photoelectrochemical energy storage.
The Effects of B on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Zn–6Al–3Mg Alloy Coating
Authors: Chen Weiyu , Liu Ya , Tu Hao , Wu Changjun , Su Xuping , Wang Jianhua
Published: May 2024

Hot dip galvanized zinc‐aluminum‐magnesium steel plates are widely used in fields such as power communication, automotive manufacturing, and marine engineering due to their excellent corrosion resistance. The use of microalloying can further improve their corrosion resistance. The effects of B on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Zn–6Al–3Mg (ZAM) alloy coatings are systematically examined. Data indicates that the eutectic structure of the coating progressively refines as B content increases, concomitant with a reduction in the thickness of the Fe2Al5 inhibition layer owing to the augmented formation of an Al‐rich phase at the surface. When the addition of B reaches 0.12%, the microstructure of the alloy coating is minimized, and there is no further reduction in the thickness of the Fe2Al5 inhibition layer. Moreover, the presence of B diminishes the corrosion current density and bolsters corrosion resistance. Optimal corrosion performance, indicated by maximal density and uniformity of surface corrosion products and the lowest corrosion current density, is achieved at a B addition of 0.12%. The judicious selection of B content is pivotal for enhancing the microstructural and anti‐corrosive properties of ZAM alloy coatings. Therefore, adding 0.12% B to ZAM alloy can effectively improve the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the alloy coating.
Whole‐genome sequencing: is it appropriate in prenatal setting?
Authors: Wei J.‐X. , Li D.‐Z.
Published: May 2024

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Westenius et al. Click here to view the article.
High‐throughput sequencing in prenatal care: how to combine diagnostic performance and best practice?
Authors: Vivanti A. J. , Bouligand J. , Martinovic J. , Benachi A.
Published: May 2024

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Westenius et al. Click here to view the article.
A global systematic review and meta‐analysis on the babesiosis in dogs with special reference to Babesia canis
Authors: Abdoli Amir , Olfatifar Meysam , Badri Milad , Zaki Leila , Bijani Behzad , Pirestani Majid , Hatam‐Nahavandi Kareem , Eslahi Aida Vafae , Karanis Panagiotis
Published: May 2024

Background

Canine babesiosis is a clinically significant tick‐transmitted disease caused by several species of the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite Babesia, which result in a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild, transient infection to serious disease and even death.

Objectives

The current study aimed to estimate the global prevalence and associated risk factors of Babesia in dogs.

Methods

Multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant literature published from January 2000 up to December 2022. The statistical analyses were performed based on the R software (version 3.6) meta‐package.

Results

Out of 23,864 publications, 229 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of canine babesiosis was 0.120 (95% CI; 0.097–0.146). The highest pooled prevalence was found in Europe (0.207, 95% CI; 0.097–0.344). Among several species, Babesia canis was the most prevalent parasite (0.216, 95% CI; 0.056–0.441). The highest pooled prevalence of Babesia in dogs was observed in the summer season (0.097, 95% CI; 0.040–0.174).

Conclusions

Regular screening and appropriate control strategies are recommended for the prevention of transmission of tick‐borne disease transmission among dogs.
Forecasting Super Typhoon Saola and its effects on Hong Kong
Authors: Chan P. W. , He Y. H. , Lui Y. S.
Published: May 2024

Hong Kong was severely impacted by Super Typhoon Saola (2309), necessitating the issuance of the highest tropical cyclone warning signal. Saola skirted past the south‐southwest of Hong Kong, bringing hurricane force winds and significant storm surge. Saola had its closest approach to Hong Kong on 1 September 2023, posing a unique challenge in forecasting and early warning for the start of the new school term, where higher impact to traffic and public safety was anticipated. This paper covers the challenges on the forecasting aspect of the super typhoon.
Relevant aspects to be included in a national strategic plan for water services
Authors: Baptista Jaime Melo
Published: May 2024

Highlights

Governments bear the responsibility for shaping sustainable and inclusive public policies for water services.

A robust and comprehensive vision is crucial for water services, embodied in a holistic public policy.

A holistic approach must encompass institutional, legal, technical, economic, financial, and social dimensions.

Addressing both the current issues and the emerging challenges in the water sector is essential.

It is necessary to align national strategic plans for water services with the strategic plans of local water utilities.