bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Entrepreneurial Opportunity Gap for Women With Disabilities in a Globalized World
Authors: Alasa Victor Mafone , Chitiyo Jonathan , Pietrantoni Zachary
Published: January 2022

The challenge before both the general and special education teacher in the 21st century is that of enhancing the engagement and full participation of all learners, irrespective of their disabilities, in societal functionalities, thereby building inclusive communities for global citizenship. This attainable ideal will be possible as people, especially women with disabilities, are accorded the opportunities to thrive, compete, and achieve their dreams in a world where the odds are stacked against persons with disabilities, especially in developing countries. This chapter explores the idea of equalizing opportunities for women with disabilities through the vehicle of entrepreneurship education. It delves into discourse on the intersectionality of gender, entrepreneurship, and disabilities, including the challenges, possibilities, new thinking, and the imperatives for gender-inclusiveness in entrepreneurial education in a globalized society. It emphasizes this training dimension to guarantee women this population's independence, empowerment, survival, and profitable and engaged living.
Curriculum-Supporting Global Competence-Related Learning Based on PISA 2018
Authors: Mäntyneva Mikko
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines curriculum supporting global competence and different perspectives included in the OECD's PISA 2018 Global Competence large-scale assessment. The nine perspectives of global competence covered were students' interest in learning about other cultures, awareness of global issues, attitudes toward immigrants, respect for people from other cultures, ability to understand the perspectives of others, self-efficacy in the context of global competence, sense of agency regarding global issues, awareness of intercultural communication, and cognitive adaptability. The responses of 180,114 students from the 26 OECD countries that completed the PISA 2018 global competence section were included as a sample. The empirical results indicate that the more curriculum covers global competence-related topics, the better it predicts different perspectives of global competence. The tested hypotheses revealed a significant relationship between curriculum supporting global competence and each studied perspective of global competence.
Breathing Life Into Marketing Scholarship Through Creativity Learning and Teaching
Authors: Mahmoud Ali B. , Grigoriou Nicholas , Ball Joan
Published: January 2022

Both employers and higher education institutes acknowledge creativity as a critical skill that all marketing graduates need to be equipped with when entering the job market. Creativity needs to exist within the marketing curriculum and be regarded as an integral part of the academic programmes offered at business schools. Whilst scholarly attempts have been made to find ways of incorporating creativity within the formal training at universities, many scholars acknowledge that creativity in marketing education has received little attention from researchers. This chapter highlights the importance of creative thinking for marketing and reviews the literature to provide a synthesis of the leading models for learning and teaching creativity in marketing modules.
Using Digital Technologies to Improve the Efficiency of Discussion Environments for Economics Students During COVID-19
Authors: Sabirov Askadula , Ismagambetova Fariza Aituganovna , Yurchenko Alexander Leonidovich
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to studying the impact of digital technologies on providing an efficient educational discussion environment against the background of isolation and social distancing caused by COVID-19 preventive measures. The course structuring allowed fostering a better understanding of educational activities. The use of popular online communication tools positively influenced educational communication effectiveness. The conscious attitude to training facilitated the formation of a corporate culture of engagement in the learning environment. Thematic and consulting support provided by academic assistants allowed forming a sense of confidence. The implementation of the concept of business gamification provoked an increase in students’ interest in practical training and entailed greater participation in learning. The relevance of the creative work topic enabled students to express their own view on professional activity and reinforced the desire for using the gained knowledge and experience in practice.
Compressive Strength of Zirconia-Toughened Alumina (ZTA) Foam with CaCO3 and CeO2 Addition via Polymeric Sponge Replication Technique
Authors: Rejab Nik Akmar , Jamaludin Abdul Rashid , Abdullah Norazharuddin Shah , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: January 2022

The effects of CaCO3 and CeO2 additions on structural, microstructural and mechanical properties of zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) foams were investigated. The foams were fabricated via the sponge replication technique and sintered for 4 hours. The CaCO3 decomposition and elongated hibonite grains produced micropores. The compressive strength for both ZTA foams after adding CaCO3 and CeO2 was higher than the rest of the foams, respectively. The addition of CeO2 triggered larger yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) grains, which significantly improved the compressive strength of ZTA.
A rare case of acute scrotum presenting as intraoperative surprise
Authors: Menon Balachandra , Sahai Atul , Nair Vipin Venugopal , Singh Rajiv
Published: January 2022

No abstract available
3D printing: can it make surgery more accessible?
Authors: Liew Amos Nepacina , Anat Grad Dip Surg , Ng Ying Kin Sean , Khoo Jeremy F.
Published: January 2022

The advancement of 3-Dimensional (3D) printing technology has made the design and production of items increasingly ubiquitous amongst the public. This technology is increasingly being used widely in various medical fields. With its increasing cost efficiency and accessibility, it is the author's perspective that 3D technology can improve accessibility to surgical procedures in low- and medium-income countries (LMIC) by providing proceduralists with the basic equipment required to perform routine operations.
Laparoscopic spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Indrajith A. B. U. , Darmapala A. D. , Kanchana W. G. P. , Karunasagara D. D. , Jayasingharachchi T. , Pinto V. , Galketiya K. B.
Published: January 2022

No abstract available
Is the climate emergency editorial relevant to surgeons?
Authors: Fernando Jayaindra
Published: January 2022

No abstract available
Retraction of Gossypiboma presenting as a non-healing post-operative wound: an atypical presentation of a rare surgical complication
Authors: Editor in Chief .
Published: January 2022

No abstract available
Microfluidic Squeezing Enables MHC Class I Antigen Presentation by Diverse Immune Cells to Elicit CD8+ T Cell Responses with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Booty Matthew G , Hlavaty Kelan A , Stockmann Adam , Ozay Emrah Ilker , Smith Carolyne , Tian Lina , How Edylle , Subramanya Disha , Venkitaraman Anita , Yee Christian , Pryor Olivia , Volk Kelly , Blagovic Katarina , Vicente-Suarez Ildefonso , Yarar Defne , Myint Melissa , Merino Amy , Chow Jonathan , Abdeljawad Tarek , An Harry , Liu Sophia , Mao Shirley , Heimann Megan , Talarico LeeAnn , Jacques Miye K , Chong Eritza , Pomerance Lucas , Gonzalez John T , von Andrian Ulrich H , Jensen Klavs F , Langer Robert , Knoetgen Hendrik , Trumpfheller Christine , Umaña Pablo , Bernstein Howard , Sharei Armon , Loughhead Scott M
Published: January 2022

CD8+ T cell responses are the foundation of the recent clinical success of immunotherapy in oncologic indications. Although checkpoint inhibitors have enhanced the activity of existing CD8+ T cell responses, therapeutic approaches to generate Ag-specific CD8+ T cell responses have had limited success. Here, we demonstrate that cytosolic delivery of Ag through microfluidic squeezing enables MHC class I presentation to CD8+ T cells by diverse cell types. In murine dendritic cells (DCs), squeezed DCs were ∼1000-fold more potent at eliciting CD8+ T cell responses than DCs cross-presenting the same amount of protein Ag. The approach also enabled engineering of less conventional APCs, such as T cells, for effective priming of CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Mixtures of immune cells, such as murine splenocytes, also elicited CD8+ T cell responses in vivo when squeezed with Ag. We demonstrate that squeezing enables effective MHC class I presentation by human DCs, T cells, B cells, and PBMCs and that, in clinical scale formats, the system can squeeze up to 2 billion cells per minute. Using the human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) murine model, TC-1, we demonstrate that squeezed B cells, T cells, and unfractionated splenocytes elicit antitumor immunity and correlate with an influx of HPV-specific CD8+ T cells such that >80% of CD8s in the tumor were HPV specific. Together, these findings demonstrate the potential of cytosolic Ag delivery to drive robust CD8+ T cell responses and illustrate the potential for an autologous cell-based vaccine with minimal turnaround time for patients.
Efficacy of respiratory tele-rehabilitation in COPD patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ora Josuel , Prendi Emanuela , Attinà Maria Laura , Cazzola Mario , Calzetta Luigino , Rogliani Paola
Published: January 2022

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a proven and effective intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The recent pandemic has raised interest on new services, such as telerehabilitation (Tele-R). The aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of Tele-R in COPD on: 1) exercise capacity evaluated by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT); 2) dyspnea (modified Medical Research Council – mMRC); 3) COPD control (the COPD assessment test - CAT). The analysis compared Tele-R versus no rehabilitation and Tele-R versus center-based rehabilitation. This meta-analysis was undertaken according to PRISMA recommendations. This pair-wise meta-analysis included data obtained from studies that enrolled 758 COPD patients. The tele-R compared to no rehabilitation improved the 6MWT distance of 48 m (CI: 24, 72; p<0.001) and the mMRC of -1.02U (CI: -1.49, -0.59; p<0.001), and the CAT of -5.74U (CI: -7.42, -0.407; p<0.001). The tele-R compared to center-based rehabilitation showed no difference on 6MWT distance (p=0.563), mMRC (p=0.911), and CAT (p=0.85). In COPD patients, Tele-R is effective in improving exercise tolerance and patient-reported outcomes and it seems to be a valid alternative to center-based rehabilitation, but more studies are needed to better understand how to select the right patients and which kind of Tele-R is more appropriate.
Association between Variability of Metabolic Risk Factors and Cardiometabolic Outcomes
Authors: Park Min Jeong , Choi Kyung Mook
Published: January 2022

Despite strenuous efforts to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by improving cardiometabolic risk factors, such as glucose and cholesterol levels, and blood pressure, there is still residual risk even in patients reaching treatment targets. Recently, researchers have begun to focus on the variability of metabolic variables to remove residual risks. Several clinical trials and cohort studies have reported a relationship between the variability of metabolic parameters and CVDs. Herein, we review the literature regarding the effect of metabolic factor variability and CVD risk, and describe possible mechanisms and potential treatment perspectives for reducing cardiometabolic risk factor variability.
Axillary temperature measurements based on smart wearable thermometers in South Korean children: comparison with tympanic temperature measurements
Authors: Choi Younglee , Ahn Hye Young
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This study explored the validity of a new type of thermometer and parent satisfaction with the new device. This 24-hour continuous monitoring smart wearable wireless thermometer (TempTraq®) uses a very small semiconductor sensor with a thin patch-like shape.Methods: We obtained 397 sets of TempTraq® axillary temperatures and tympanic temperatures from 44 pediatric patients. Agreement between the axillary and tympanic measurements, as well as the validity of the TempTraq® axillary temperatures, were evaluated. Satisfaction surveys were completed by 41 caregivers after the measurements.Results: The TempTraq® axillary temperatures demonstrated a strong positive correlation with the tympanic temperatures. The Bland-Altman plot and analysis of TempTraq® axillary temperatures and tympanic temperatures showed that the mean difference was +0.45 ℃, the 95% limits of agreement were -0.57 to +1.46 ℃. Based on a tympanic temperature of 38 ℃, the results of validity of fever detection were sensitivity 0.85 and specificity 0.86. Satisfaction scores for TempTraq® temperature measurement were all > 4 points (satisfactory).Conclusion: TempTraq® smart axillary temperature measurement is an appropriate method for measuring children's temperatures since it was highly correlated to tympanic temperatures, had a reliable level of sensitivity and specificity, and could be used safely and conveniently.
Influence of parenting role sharing, parenting stress, and happiness on warm parenting behavior in mothers of children aged 6 years: an analysis using data from the seventh panel study on Korean children
Authors: Bang Kyung-Sook , Jang Sang-Youn
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among parenting role sharing, parenting stress, happiness, and parenting behavior of mothers with 6-year-old children.Methods: This study used data from the seventh Panel Study of Korean Children, which began collecting longitudinal data on a sample of newborn households nationwide in 2008 and will continue yearly until 2027. The participants were 1,560 mothers of children aged 6 years. We conducted statistical analyses using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.Results: The mean age of the mothers was 36.8±3.7 years. The mothers' perceived parenting role sharing (r=.07, p=.007), parenting stress (r=-.54, p<.001), and happiness (r=.38, p<.001) were significantly correlated with warm parenting behavior. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that parenting stress (β=-.47, p<.001), happiness (β=.15, p<.001), and parenting role sharing (β=.11, p<.001) were significant predictors for warm parenting behavior by mothers.Conclusion: It is essential to reduce mothers' stress and increase their positive emotions (happiness). Fathers should actively share parenting roles in raising children to enhance mothers' warm parenting behavior.
Sero – Prevalence of Rubella Virus Igm among Pregnant Women Attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulkadir S. , Kutama R.M. , Aminu A.
Published: January 2022

The 96 well micro-titer plate was first secured in the holder, a data sheet with sample identification was prepared, leaving one well for blank, one hundred micro- liter of negative control was added to the next 3 wells, then 100μL of positive control to the following 2 wells. One hundred micro - liter of the sample diluents was added into each of the test wells which were followed by adding 10μL of specimen into each of the wells containing sample diluents. 300 pregnant women screened for the rubella IgM antibody, a total of 12(4.0%) were positive, in the young adults category of 15-24 years 88 pregnant women were screened with 5(1.7%) testing positive. One hundred and forty four were within 25-34 age group with 4(1.3%) seropositive. Three (1.0%) 0f the 68 women in 34-44 age group were positive. The highest prevalence was found in the young adult’s category of 15-24 age groups. The research provided an evidence of relatively low prevalence and a high percentage of susceptible population which is an evidence that many in the population are susceptible to rubella virus infection. The findings of an immune response in first trimester of pregnancy indicates 90% chances of passage to the feotus with serious complications. There is need for awareness creation on rubella virus and congenital rubella syndrome with increase in disease surveillance nationwide. With high level of susceptible population coupled with no immunization policy on rubella in the country underscores the need for initiating organized routine screening and vaccination among healthcare workers, children, adolescents and women of child bearing age as well as ascertaining the potency of vaccines prior to recommendation for vaccination.

Keywords: Sero – Prevalence, Rubella Virus, Pregnant Women
Analgesic Activity of Methanol Leaf Extract of Tamarindus Indica Plant in Mice and Rats
Authors: Highab Salisu Muhammad , Raji Ismaila , Abubakar Abdulhakim , Hassan Fatima Ismail
Published: January 2022

Tamarindus indica has several folkloric uses in the treatment of various ailments. This study evaluated the analgesic activity of methanol leaf extract of Tamarindus indica (MLETI) in mice and Wistar rats. Acute toxicity studies were conducted using both the modified method of Lorke and OECD 425 guidelines. The analgesic activity was tested using acetic acid-induced writhing test, hot plate and formalin-induced hind-paw licking. Glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugars, steroids and terpenoids were identified from the MLETI following phytochemical analysis. The LD50 was above 5000 mg/kg in both species. Compared to controls, the MLETI (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) produced significant (p<0.001) dose-dependent reductions (33.6%, 35.5% and 47.2%) in acetic acid-induced writhes in the treated mice. MLETI also produced significant (p<0.005) analgesic effect with the hot plate-induced pain and significantly (p<0.001) inhibited formalin-induced paw-licking response in test rats compared to controls. This was higher in the second phase compared to the early phase at all the tested doses. The methanol leaf extract of Tamarindus indica possesses analgesic activity. It also contained glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugars, steroids and terpenoids, some/all of which may be responsible for the observed centrally and peripherally mediated analgesic activities.

Keyword: Analgesic, Fabaceae, mice, Tamarindus indica, Wistar rats
Pharmacognostic and Antibacterial Effect of Citrullus lanatus Leaves against Selected Respiratory Tract Pathogens
Authors: Wapa S.L. , Haruna H. , Namadina M.M.
Published: January 2022

Bacterial species have been reported to develop resistance to antibiotics commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infections. Therefore, the need to search for natural products for the remedy of this problem cannot be overemphasized. The extraction of Citrullus lanatus leaves was carried out using cold maceration extraction method. Chemomicroscopical and phytochemical analysis were carried out using the standard methods. Agar well diffusion, agar dilution and spread plate methods were employed to determine the zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and rate of kill respectively. Chemomicroscopical evaluation revealed the presence of cellulose, tannins, starch, lignin, calcium oxalate, suberin, aleurone grain and mucilage with the exception of calcium carbonate. Phytochemical screening of Citrullus lanatus revealed the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoid as secondary metabolites. The antibacterial activity  result indicated that S. aureus showed higher zone of inhibition (20 mm and 24 mm) followed by K.pneumoniae (18 mm and 22 mm) and P. aeruginosa (18 mm and 20 mm) at a concentration of 250 mg/ml in aqueous and methanol extract respectively. The two extracts showed broad spectrum of activity and moderate M.I.C and M.B.C values ranging from 15.625 mg/ml – 31.25 mg/ml respectively. LD50 of both extracts was above 5000 mg/kg and did not cause mortality in all the tested rats. The results of this investigation may be useful for deriving doses that are safe for human consumption medicinally.. This study has justified the traditional use of Citrullus lanatus leaf extract in the treatment of respiratory tract infection caused by bacteria.

Keywords: Agar well diffusion, Chemomicroscopical, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration, phytochemical, Citrullus lanatus
Health Risk Effect of Heavy Metals from Pesticides in Vegetables and Soils: A Review
Authors: Jibrin M , Abdulhameed A , Nayaya A.J , Ezra A. G
Published: January 2022

Vegetables are vital to the human diet, and in particular provide the well-known nutrients to maintain normal physiological functions. The prolonged application of large amount of pesticides has resulted in heavy metal accumulation in vegetable farms. Exposure to heavy metals by the consumption of contaminated vegetables and its toxicity is a serious concern. This article reviews the effect of pesticides, heavy metals, heavy metals in vegetables, heavy metals in soil and transfer of heavy metals from soil to plants. However, a limited number of studies were found in the data base that examined the reduction of nutrients in vegetables due to heavy metal contamination. The heavy metals were found in leafy and fruit vegetables in different regions of the world and levels were above permissible limits in most of the vegetables. Specific study to human toxicity due to the contamination of heavy metals may be conducted. Furthermore, strategy and policy should be devised to control the heavy metals in vegetables, and those vegetables that are hyper-accumulators of heavy metals should be identified for awareness purposes.

Keywords: Vegetables, Heavy metals, Permissible limit, Toxicity, Contamination and Hyper-accumulators
Effective residual life of bendiocarb insecticide on sprayed surfaces
Authors: Abate Alemayehu , Getu Emana , Wale Melaku , Hadis Mamuye , Mekonen Wubegzier
Published: January 2022

Effective residual life of insecticides on sprayed surfaces determines the number of spraying cycles required to cover malaria transmission season. However, residual efficacy of insecticides varies with spray surface type. This study assessed effective residual life of bendiocarb on cow dung plastered and mud plastered wall surface types of human dwellings against An. arabiensis.  Wall cone bioassays were carried out following the WHO (World Health Organization) standard operating procedures. Percentage mortality was calculated according to WHO bioassay protocol and Poisson regression model was fitted to show the association of mosquito mortality with explanatory variables using SAS (SAS Institute Inc. 2016. SAS® 9.4 Language Reference: Concepts, Sixth Edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.). Efficacy of bendiocarb against An. arabiensis was 100% for the first 35 days on both cow dung and mud wall surface types. However, its efficacy deteriorated earlier on non-plastered wall surfaces after 35 days. The relationship between mosquito mortality and explanatory variables was: Mortality =3.637542, Sprayed = + 0.282841, Plastering= - 0.0094612 35-Days after spray, - 0.600159 65-Days after spray. Because coefficients for cone position were not significant, they were excluded from the regression equation. Generally, the effective residual life of bendiocarb on mud plastered wall surface was too short to cover malaria transmission season. Therefore, alternative insecticide with longer residual effective life is required in areas having more than two months of malaria transmission season.
Niveau de contamination et risques sanitaires liés à la consommation des produits maraîchers à Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Yapo Rachelle Ida , Ohou-Yao Marie Jeanne , Ligban Raymond , Kouame Parfait , Mambo Véronique , Bonfoh Bassirou
Published: January 2022

L’usage non maîtrisé des pesticides a des effets sur la qualité des denrées alimentaires et la santé de la population. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’exposition chimique associée à la consommation des produits maraîchers du département de Korhogo. A cet effet, des résidus de pesticides ont été extraits des produits maraîchers (Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa, Capsicum sp, Solanum lycopersicum et Phaseolus lunatus) par la méthode QuEchERS et analysés par un chromatographe en phase gazeuse couplé à un spectromètre de masse afin d’estimer les apports journaliers en pesticides et le quotient de danger pour les consommateurs. Ces analyses ont permis de détecter huit (08) pesticides à savoir le chlorpyriphos éthyle, le cyhalotrine, le cypermethrine, l’ortho-phenylphenol, le parathion, le spirodiclofen, le thiamethoxam et le zoxamid dans les produits maraîchers avec des concentrations qui variaient entre 0,43 μg/kg et 7,64 μg/kg. Les apports journaliers en pesticides fluctuaient entre 7,44.10-6 μg/kg de poids corporel/jour et 1173.10-6 μg/kg de poids corporel/jour, et le quotient de danger était compris entre 0,015.10-6 et 156,6.10-6 pour la consommation de ces produits maraîchers. Dans l’ensemble, le niveau de risque a été jugé acceptable pour l'homme car le quotient de danger était inférieur à 1.

The uncontrolled use of pesticide has effects on foodstuffs quality and population’s health. The main of this study was to assess exposure level of vegetable’s consumers in Korhogo department. Also, pesticide residues were extracted from vegetable’s samples (Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa, Capsicum sp, Solanum lycopersicum and Phaseolus lunatus) using QuEchERS method and analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Eight (08) pesticides (chlorpyrifos ethyl, cyhalotrine, cypermethrin, ortho-phenylphenol, parathion, spirodiclofen, thiamethoxam and zoxamid) were detected in vegetable products with concentrations ranged from 0.43 μg/kg to 7.64 μg/kg. Estimated daily intakes of pesticide residues ranged from 7.4×10-6 μg/kg body weight/day to 4350.6×10-6 μg/kg body weight/day, and the hazard index ranged between 0.015×10-6 et 156.6×10-6 for these food commodities. Overall, the level of risk was considered acceptable for humans because the hazard quotient was below 1.
Evaluation de la contamination des éléments traces métalliques dans les sédiments de la rivière N’zi, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Ouattara Ahbeauriet Ahmed , Sangare Naminata , N’goran Koffi Pierre dit Adama , Yao Koffi Marcellin , Trokourey Albert , Diaco Thomas
Published: January 2022

Les éléments traces métalliques s’accumulent dans les systèmes aquatiques et peuvent dégrader la qualité des eaux et présenter une menace pour la santé humaine et la faune. Cependant peu d’étude existe sur la concentration totale des métaux dans les cours d’eau ivoiriens impactées par les activités agricoles. Pour contribuer à la mise en place d’une base de données, nous avons étudié la distribution et le niveau de contamination du Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni et Zn dans les eaux et les sédiments de la rivière N’zi. La concentration des éléments traces métalliques (Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni et Zn) ont été mesurées dans les sédiments de la rivière N’zi pour évaluer le niveau de pollution. Le degré et les sources de contamination ont été déterminés par le calcul des indices de pollution métallique : facteur de contamination (FC), indice de géoaccumulation (Igeo), facteur d’enrichissement (FE) indice global de pollution (PLI). Les valeurs de Igeo pour le Cd et le Cu ont été supérieures à 0 et les valeurs de FC pour le Cd, Cu et le Hg ont été supérieures à 1 dans la station de Moofoué, ce qui suggère que les sédiments de Moofoué sont modérément contaminés par ces éléments. Les valeurs de PLI ont montré que tous les sédiments sont non pollués. Les valeurs de FE pour le cuivre ont excédé 1,5 ce qui dénote une origine anthropique pour le Cd et le Cu.

Traces metal elements accumulate in aquatic systems and can degrade water quality and pose a threat to human health and wildlife. However, few studies exist on the total concentration of metals in ivorian rivers impacted by agricultural activities. To help set up a database, we studied the distribution and level of contamination of Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni and Zn in the waters and sediments of the N’zi River. The concentrations of the trace metals (Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured for the surface sediments of the N’zi River, Côte d’Ivoire, to evaluate the level of contamination. Sediment pollution assessment was carried out using contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF). The Igeo value for Cd and Cu were > 0 and the CF values for Cd, Cu and Hg were > 1 in sediments of the Moofoué station, which denotes a moderate contamination in these metals. The PLI indicated that all stations were no polluted. The EF value for Cd and Cu were >1.5 in the sediments, suggesting anthropogenic impact on the metal levels in the river. The concentrations of Cd and Cu are likely to result in harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms which are expected to occur frequently based on the comparison with sediment quality guidelines.
Effets de la consommation de petites doses de cacao sur les pressions artérielles selon leurs valeurs de base, chez des noirs africains
Authors: Siransy-Balayssac Edwige , Ouattara Soualiho , Boka Joël Michée , Wodje Mouchia Hermance , Kondo Aya Liliane , Yapo Paule-Denise , Zoh Marc Hugues , Dah Cyrille Serges , Bogui Pascal
Published: January 2022

La baisse des pressions artérielles augmente avec la quantité de flavanols dans le cacao consommé. Or, le goût amer du cacao rend cette consommation difficile. Le but du travail a été de déterminer les effets de la consommation de petites doses de cacao selon les niveaux des pressions artérielles de sujets noirs africains. Au total, 56 noirs africains, masculins, âgés de 18 à 30 ans, ont été randomisés en 32 consommateurs de 2 g de poudre à 100% de cacao par jour et 24 témoins. Les pressions artérielles systolique (PAS) et diastolique (PAD) ont été mesurées à jeun, à J1 (sans cacao), J8, J15 et J22. Leurs variations entre J1 et les autres jours ont été comparées entre les sous-groupes d’un même groupe établis selon le niveau des PAS (<110 mmHg et ≥100 mmHg) et PAD (<75 mmHg et ≥75 mmHg) à J1. A la 1ère semaine (J8), les variations négatives (baisse) de la PAS des consommateurs ayant à J1 une PAS ≥110 mmHg ont été significativement différentes de celles des autres consommateurs (-5,5±6,2 mmHg versus 0,4±5,0 mmHg, p=0,01). Chez le sujet jeune noir africain, les petites doses de cacao favorisent une baisse plus importante des PAS les plus élevées.

The decrease in blood pressure increases with the amount of flavanols in the cocoa consumed. However, the bitter taste of cocoa makes it difficult to consume. The aim of the work was to determine the effects of small doses of cocoa intake on the blood pressure levels among black Africans. A total of 56 black African men aged 18-30, were randomized to 32 consumers of 2 g of 100% cocoa powder per day and 24 controls. The systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) arterial pressures were measured on an empty stomach, on D1 (without cocoa), D8, D15, and D22. Their variations between D1 and the other days were compared between the subgroups of a group established according to the level of SBP (<110 mmHg and ≥100 mmHg) and DBP (<75 mmHg and ≥75 mmHg) on D1. At the 1st week (D8), the negative variations (decrease) in SBP of consumers with a SBP ≥110 mmHg on D1 were significantly different from those of other consumers (-5.5±6.2 mmHg versus 0.4±5.0 mmHg, p=0.01). In young black Africans, small doses of cocoa promote a greater drop in the highest SBP.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices about rabies prevention and control: A community survey in five health districts of Burkina Faso
Authors: Savadogo Madi , Kanyala Estelle , Traoré Adèle Kam , Dahourou Laibané Dieudonné , Guigma Hyacinthe Victor , Ouandaogo Sandaogo Hamidou , Ouedraogo Abdoul Salam , Bazimo Grégorie Hermann , Savadogo Joseph , Alambedji Rianatou Bada , Tarnagda Zékiba
Published: January 2022

Rabies is a deadly viral disease that affects humans and animals. It is transmitted by rabid animals, through bite, scratch or licking. Almost 99% of human cases are caused by dogs. In Burkina Faso, nearly 5,000 bites cases are recorded annually. This cross-sectional investigation was conducted with the objective of assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of people regarding rabies and preventive measures in five health districts, Burkina Faso. Using a structured questionnaire, the survey was conducted in households to capture data on participants’ knowledge, attitudes and practices of rabies control. Through a house-to-house approach, the questionnaire was administrated to 320 household members. The results indicated that 36.9% of the participants had high level knowledge of rabies, 80% perceived it as a fatal disease, 76.4% of participant’s reported attitudes were negative and 58.9% of them reported uncorrect practices. The knowledge level of rabies was significantly associated with health district, area of household location, participant’s age, their level of education, previous history with rabies and information channels used by household (p<0.05). However, the health district, the area of household location, the level of education and the knowledge level had significant association with attitudes of participants with regard to rabies (p<0.05). Concerning health behaviours, health district of respondents and their previous history with rabies showed significant association with practices regarding bite cases management (p<0.05). In addition, people health seeking behaviors were significantly associated with their levels of knowledge regarding rabies, their perceptions and attitudes towards the disease (p<0.05). National rabies control stakeholders should address the knowledge gaps through mass awareness campaigns providing key information regarding the risks of contamination and the recommended practices to prevent avoidable deaths.
Evaluation of hydrocarbon potential of shale outcrops in the flanks of Anambra Basin
Authors: Ikhane P.R. , Atewolara O.C. , Coker J.O. , Alaka A.O. , Oyebolu O.O.
Published: January 2022

The research aim is to determine the organic productivity and hydrocarbon potential of the exposed shale lithology along Uzebba road and Bawa hills near Auchi, Southwest Nigeria.Twenty two (22) shale samples were acquired from the study area; twelve (12) from the outcropping section along Uzebba road, and the remaining ten (10) samples obtained from Bawa hills. The samples were then subjected to organic geochemical analysis using Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Rock Eval Pyrolysis to evaluate the organic enrichment, organic quality and thermal maturity espectively.Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content of the twenty-two samples ranges from 3.42 – 4.88 wt. %, affirming a high organic enrichment. Shale samples from Uzebba segment and Bawa hills falls within the Type I and Type II Kerogen class respectively. The former is indicative of immature – sub mature organic matter with no hydrocarbon formation prospect whilst the latter exhibits great hydrocarbon (oil) generation potential Thermal maturation assessment for both samples apparently ranges from immature to mature organic matter. From the Rock-Eval pyrolysis result, all the twenty-two (22) samples were confirmed to be organically enriched. However, the type I kerogen of Bawa at favourable geothermal gradient can potentially serve as a suitable source rock for petroleum generation.
Ethno medicine “The uses of ‘Aju-Mbaise’ in post partum care
Authors: Ugiomoh I.G. , Mbalewe M.
Published: January 2022

A survey of the plants used in post partum care in Mbaise and its environs popularly known as Aju Mbaise was carried out. A series of unstructured interview was used to elicit information from about 36 participants made up of the old women and herbalists who dispense the wraps especially that are used in post-partum treatment. This work aimed at unraveling and documenting the plants that are found within the wrap for post-partum care and on the claim for its potency for treatment in parturition. The wrap is prepared from different plant parts which include leaves, flowers, fruits, twigs, barks, roots and even buds and administered as a decoction. At the end it was found that the wraps had plants drawn from 13 different families. These families include Acanthaceae, Menispermataceae, Ceasalpinoideae, Commelinaceae, Annonaceae, Convulvulaceae, Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Sapotaceae, Asparagaceae and Myrtaceae. The range of treatments include high blood pressure, detoxification, oedema, erectile dysfunction and most especially in post-partum treatment. The plants from these families are wrapped together in one pad. In conclusion ethno-botanical survey revealed that decoction of ‘Aju Mbaise’, enhances quick recovery after child birth.
A survey on global cyber-warfare and Nigerian’s cyber defensive strategy: A way forward
Authors: Usman S.D. , Junaidu S.B. , Obiniyi A.A. , Bagiwa M.B.
Published: January 2022

With two years having passed since the infamous cyber conflict between Estonia and Russia, on 08 May 2009 international society still lacks a coherent set of principles, rules, and norms governing state security and military operations in cyberspace. For parties committed to promoting the cause of peace and stability in a multipolar world, this is a troubling notion since history shows that the likelihood of a new arms race is high when disruptive technologies dramatically alter the means and methods of war. As more nations aspire to project national power in cyberspace, a new digital arms race appears to be imminent if not already upon us. Thus, there is a central question confronting international society and Nigeria in cyberspace: What steps can be taken both today and into the future to forestall a major arms race and interstate competition in cyberspace? In order to begin addressing this complex question from the perspective of the Euro-Atlantic Community, this paper discusses both the challenges and opportunities of regulating 21st century cyber warfare. The paper is divided into sections, which examine the evolution of the laws of armed conflict (LOAC) since the late 19th century, how the LOAC apply to cyber warfare as viewed primarily from a US perspective (since US scholars have dominated the international regime discourse thus far), and the historical facts on cyber warfare. The Nigerian roles in cyber defense strategy and what is needed to be done to meet up with a global regime for cyber warfare in respect of cyber defense are also highlighted. Global cyber strategies, threats/attacks, and types of cyber weapons d
Serologic evidence of exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Dengue Virus among patients attending diagnostic Laboratory, Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojetunde M M. , Alake M.O. , Olaniyan S.O. , Oyejobi G.K. , Olumade T.J. , Otuonye N.M. , Sule W.F.
Published: January 2022

Reportedly, in co-infection, dengue viral (DENV) replication negatively impacts human  immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Reports on this or on  people having dual HIV-1/DENV  are however, scarce in Nigeria, where both HIV-1 and DENV are endemic. As a preliminary  investigation in  southwest Nigeria, we hypothesized that a high proportion of individuals  presented for laboratory tests have serologic evidence of dual  HIV-1/DENV infection. This is a  cross-sectional Research Institute-based serologic study; patients attending a specific Clinical  Diagnostic Laboratory  in Lagos State were enrolled. Plasma samples (n=150) of consenting  asymptomatic patients were serially screened for evidence of  HIV-1 antibodies using  DETERMINETM and UNI-GOLDTM HIV-1/-2 rapid test kits. Only the samples (n=54) confirmed  HIV-1 reactive by the latter  (and some randomly selected non-reactive samples [n=37]) were  tested with ELISA kit for anti-DENV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Microsoft  Excel and  Statistical Package for the Social Sciences were used for statistical analysis. Some participants  had detectable HIV-1/DENV antibodies  with dual positivity rate of 16.5% [as group-specific  point-prevalence rate]. This was independently associated (p=0.04) with marital status as  participants who were neither single nor married (categorized as ‘others’) had more than 11  times (OR: 11.3) likelihood of being dual seropositive.  Mono-positivity of HIV-1 antibody  among the 91 participants tested for dual HIV-1/DENV seropositivity was 59.3%;  corresponding rate for DENV  antibody was 20.9%. As per mono-positivity rates, the likelihood of participants testing positive to HIV-1 antibody was more than 21 times (Odds ratio [OR]: 21.3) that of DENV antibody. In conclusion, 15 participants (16.5%) of this specific group had serologic evidence of dual HIV-1/DENV infection; this we considered low given the endemicity of Nigeria for both viruses. As a subpopulation with unusually high HIV-1 mono-positivity; thelow DENV mono-positivity might be responsible for the low dual HIV-1/DENV positivity.
Early mobilisation and rehabilitation in Swiss intensive care units: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Tomonaga Yuki , Menges Dominik , Yebyo Henock G. , Fumeaux Thierry , Heise Antje , Wesch Conrad , Schwenkglenks Matthias , Puhan Milo A.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are at high risk of developing physical, functional, cognitive, and mental impairments. Early mobilisation aims to improve patient outcomes and is increasingly considered the standard of care. This survey aimed to investigate the characteristics, current use and variations of early mobilisation and rehabilitation in Swiss ICUs. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among all ICU lead physicians, who provided data on their institutional characteristics, early mobilisation and rehabilitation practices, and their perceptions of the use and variation of early rehabilitation practices in Switzerland. RESULTS: The survey response rate was 44% (37/84). Among ICUs caring for adults (34/37), 26 were in the German-speaking region, five in the French-speaking region, and three in the Italian-speaking region. All ICUs regularly involved physiotherapy in the rehabilitation process and 50% reported having a specialised physiotherapy team. All ICUs reported performing early mobilisation, starting within the first 7 days after ICU admission. About half reported the use of a rehabilitation (45%) or early mobilisation protocol (50%). Regular, structured, interdisciplinary rounds or meetings of the ICU care team to discuss rehabilitation measures and goals for patients were stated to be held by 53%. The respondents stated that 82% of their patients received early mobilisation measures during their ICU stay. Most frequently provided mobilisation measures included passive range of motion (97%), passive chair position in bed (97%), active range of motion muscle activation and training (88%), active side to side turning (91%), sitting on the edge of the bed (94%), transfer from bed to a chair (97%), and ambulation (94%). The proportion of ICUs providing a specific early mobilisation measure, the proportion of patients receiving it, and the time dedicated to it varied across language regions, hospital types, ICU types, and ICU sizes. Almost one third of the ICU lead physicians considered early rehabilitation to be underused in their own ICU and about half considered it to be underused in Switzerland more generally. ICU lead physicians stressed lack of personnel, financial resources, and time as key causes for underuse. Moreover, they highlighted the importance of early and systematic or protocol-based rehabilitation and interprofessional approaches that are adaptive to the patients' rehabilitation needs and potential. CONCLUSION: This survey suggests that almost all ICUs in Switzerland practice some form of early mobilisation with the aim of early rehabilitation. However, the described approaches, as well as the reported use of early mobilisation measures were heterogenous across Swiss ICUs.
Z korespondencji naukowców: Stefan Morawski i Roman Ingarden
Authors: Czakon Dominika , Michna Natalia Anna , Sosnowski Leszek
Published: January 2022

From the Correspondence of Scientists: Stefan Morawski and Roman Ingarden The article is a scientific overview of the preserved correspondence of Stefan Morawski and Roman Witold Ingarden from 1961 to 1969. The 1960s were a period of important events and changes in both the lives of Ingarden and Morawski. In both cases, the background was the political situation in Poland, of which – in a certain sense – both philosophers became victims. Although their attitude and political commitment differed – Ingarden remained indifferent to politics, unlike Morawski, who belonged to the party – it turned out that both of them suffered harassment from state officials. In addition to discussing scientific issues, the letters of both philosophers contain a lot of information on current and important issues for them directly, and indirectly for the Polish scientific community of that time. Therefore, the article discusses publishing issues, organizational and scientific matters related to conference trips, and scientific issues related to the reviews of master’s, doctoral and postdoctoral dissertations. The historical background and private fate of both philosophers were also taken into account, which is not insignificant for their scientific work and mutual relations.
Role of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in Predicting Disease Severity in Covid -19
Authors: ASİF Khadija , ABBAS Farhat
Published: January 2022

Background: To evaluate the role of NLR as a prognostic indicator for severe COVID-19, due to its positive correlation with disease severity, easy accessibility and low cost.

Material and Methods: A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted in COVID-19 wards of two tertiary care hospitals of Faisalabad city, Pakistan, treating COVID-19 patients between May 2021 - July 2021. A predesigned proforma was filled to collect the data. SPSS 21 was used for the statistical analysis of this research.

Results: A record of 100 COVID-19 patients admitted between May 2021 - July 2021, fulfilling the inclusion criteria was included in the study. All patients were divided into two groups. The non-severe group included 37 patients while the severe group included 63 patients. The mean age of the study population was 56 years with male predominance (63%). Overall, 50% of patients in the non-severe group and 71% in the severe group had some co-existent comorbidity. Fever and cough were the most commonly reported symptoms in both groups while shortness of breath was more widely reported in the severe group (74.2%). The mean NLR in the non-severe group was 4 as compared to 12 in the severe group.

Conclusions: Higher neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with severe COVID -19 and can be used as an effective tool to predict the progression of the non-severe disease to severe disease.