bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 knowledge, attitude and awareness among preclinical and clinical dental students: An online-based cross-sectional survey
Authors:   Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia., Ali Saqib , Tauqir Saman ,   Department of Physiology, Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan., Alam Beenish Fatima ,   Department of Oral Biology, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan., Farooqi Faraz ,   Department of Dental Education College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam, Saudi Arabia., Khan Asim Mustafa ,   Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia., Khabeer Abdul ,   Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the understanding and perception of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the undergraduate preclinical and clinical dental students within Pakistan. Material and Methods: An online survey was developed by the researchers and conducted amongst the undergraduate students at various dental colleges of Pakistan. A pretested questionnaire was used and distributed using social media platforms. The questionnaire consisted of demographics, health status, perception related to general hygiene, understanding and learning attitudes of dental students. Knowledge scores and the attitude responses were compared with the demographics using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and chi-square, as appropriate. Results: A total of 800 undergraduate dental students responded to the survey, out of which 304(38%) were males and 496(62%) were female students. Students in pre-clinical years were 600(75%), while 200(25%) students were in the clinical years. The knowledge of clinical students regarding COVID-19 was statistically higher (4.71/6), compared to the students in pre-clinical years (4.49/6) (p=0.004). Both groups showed adequate knowledge regarding the route of transmission, symptoms and origin of COVID-19, and COVID-19 being a threat to life. Clinical students did not want to re-use the face mask (75%), compared to the preclinical students (68%) (p-0.048). Students in clinical years reported more awareness regarding the recommended hand washing technique during COVID-19 (p-<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that dental students in clinical years have adequate knowledge regarding the COVID-19 as compared to the preclinical students. The study identifies all areas where preclinical and clinical students lack basic knowledge. This should be compensated by arranging different webinars and online courses to increase the understanding of both clinical and preclinical students during the pandemic.
Immediate Autogenous Extracted Tooth as a Grafting Material For Fresh Socket Preservation: a Systematic Review.
Authors:   RUDN University, Moscow, Russia., Khabadze Zurab , Mordanov Oleg ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russia., Dashtieva Marina ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russia., Todua Ia ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russia., Generalova Julia ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russia., Nedashkovsky Artemy ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russia., Sheroziia Meri ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russia., Adbulkerimova Saida ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russia., Bakaev Yusup ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the use of extracted autogenous teeth for socket preservation after tooth extraction. Material and Methods: Cochrane, Scopus, and PubMed databases search was conducted to identify human clinical studies reporting the clinical, radiographic and/or histological outcomes of socket preservation techniques with autogenous extracted tooth Only studies published in English language in the last 10 years were included in the study. Results: In total, 82 articles were identified. Five articles were included in the review. They included 58 teeth that were prepared as a graft for socket preservation. The grafts derived from autogenous teeth were presented in three forms: particles, blocks and powder. The mean bone loss ranged from 0.28 mm to 0.41mm in height and 0.15 mm in width.Conclusion: Immediate autogenous extracted tooth as a grafting material for fresh socket preservation is promising for future daily clinical practice. More clinical comparative studies are needed.
Can bulk-fill resin restorations be an alternative to resin-modified glass ionomer cement restorations in primary molars of toddlers? A randomized clinical trial protocol.
Authors:   Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil., Novaes Isabela Coelho , Clementino Luna Chagas ,   Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil., Ferreira Fernanda Morais ,   Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil., Lenzi Tathiane ,   Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil., Paschoal Marco Aurélio ,   Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil., Paiva Saul Martins ,   Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil., Freire-Maia Fernanda Bartolomeo ,   Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil., Martins-Júnior Paulo Antônio ,   Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Published: January 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to elaborate a randomized clinical trial protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of class I restorations in resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and bulk-fill resin in primary molars with untreated early childhood caries in toddlers. Material and Methods: A total of 59 toddlers up to 36 months old with at least two primary molar teeth with untreated dental caries of single surface on different sides of the mouth will be selected at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry at Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil. Teeth with untreated dental caries in the left and right sides of each patient’s mouth will be randomly distributed into 2 groups: Group 1 (Control): encapsulated RMGIC restoration with Riva light cure (SDI, Florida, USA) and Group 2 (Test): Filtek bulk-fill composite resin restoration (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, USA) with universal single bond adhesive system (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, USA). A single trained dentist will perform all restorative procedures. The restorations will be evaluated after 1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months by two trained and calibrated examiners. Cost-efficacy analysis will be carried out. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Log-rank test, Cox regression, Poisson regression analysis, Mann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis will be performed to analyze data. Conclusion: The protocol will make it possible to determine the most efficacy material for the restoration of cavities in cavities in primary molars of toddlers.
The crucial and contested concept of the endonym/exonym divide
Authors: Jordan Peter
Published: January 2022

Paul Woodman has called it the “great toponymic divide”, but the endonym/exonym distinction is not a concept confined solely to toponymy, it can be transferred to all name categories, where the name used by insiders may differ from the name used by outsiders, e.g., to ethnonyms, anthro ponyms, names of institutions, where we frequently meet, for instance nicknames and derogative designa- tions used by outsiders. But there is no doubt that this divide has its focus on toponymy, since it corresponds there to two basic human attitudes: (1) to the distinction between ‛mine’ and ‛yours’, ‛ours’ and ‛theirs’, and (2) to territoriality, the desire to own a place, which appears at all levels of the construction of human community  — from the level of the family up to that of nations. Thus, it has always a political, social, and juridical meaning and is frequently a reason for dispute and conflict. However, even after long and intensive discussions, e.g., in the UNGEGN Working Group of Exonyms, to date we can still see rather divergent approaches to this divide. There is the linguistic approach regarding the endonym and the exonym rather as poles of a continuum, with various intermediary stages. Alternatively, there is the cultural-geographical approach that accepts no other criteria than the spatial relation between the name-using community and the geographical feature denoted by the name. The article elaborates on these items, mainly on the basis of the discussions and publications of the UNGEGN Working Group on Exonyms since 2002.
Relacja na ty w świetle tekstów z Narodowego Korpusu Języka Polskiego
Authors: Kawamoto Yumeko
Published: January 2022

Artykuł przedstawia analizę tekstów korpusowych opisujących relację na ty w polskim społeczeństwie. Materiał badawczy stanowi ponad 600 tekstów z hasłem na ty oraz per ty zaczerpniętych z Narodowego Korpusu Języka Polskiego, które pozwalają zobrazować ogólny zarys relacji na ty. Zaprezentowana analiza pokazuje, że w relacji na ty istnieje jedna lub więcej z trzech więzi między rozmówcami: więź dla korzyści, więź dla swobody oraz więź uczuciowa. Więź dla korzyści łączy interlokutorów w realizowaniu wspólnego celu i taką relację na ty czasami można obserwować w środowisku politycznym. Niektóre teksty pokazały, że w dążeniu do swobody w interakcji również rodzi się więź łącząca osoby przechodzące na ty, a więź uczuciowa może dotyczyć rodziny czy długo znających się rozmówców. Przejście na ty można traktować jako akt potwierdzający istnienie jednej lub kilku z wyżej wymienionych więzi, nie zawsze jest on jednak równoznaczny z pozwoleniem na przekroczenie granicy prywatności. Wyniki analizy dowiodły również, że wyznaczniki społeczne takie jak wiek, hierarchia czy płeć mogą spowodować poczucie skrępowania przy przejściu na ty. Zasygnalizowane przez niniejszą analizę elementy stanowią istotną bazę do dalszych badań przedmiotu.
Stereotyp księdza „typowego” i „prawdziwego” w świetle danych ankietowych
Authors: Morawska Iwona , Karwatowska Małgorzata
Published: January 2022

W artykule omówiono wyniki badań sondażowych nad stereotypem księdza „typowego” i „prawdziwego”, jaki udało się zrekonstruować na podstawie wypowiedzi studentów. Badanie o charakterze diagnostycznym przeprowadzono na Wydziale Humanistycznym Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. Analizę zebranego materiału ankietowego inspirowały założenia dwóch orientacji badawczych – psycho- socjokulturowej i etnokognitywistycznej. Dowiodła ona m.in., że w przypadku „typowego” reprezentanta grupy respondenci wskazywali cechy księdza znanego im albo osobiście, albo z różnego rodzaju przekazów, nie tylko medialnych – dlatego wizerunek duchownego nosi wyraźne zabarwienie ambiwalentne: prezentujące zarówno pozytywne, jak i negatywne nastawienie do obiektu. Natomiast w odniesieniu do reprezentanta „prawdziwego” wymieniali wyłącznie przymioty wartościowane in plus, w wyniku czego kreowali obraz księdza takiego, jakim on według młodzieży studiującej być powinien – stąd w ich stwierdzeniach znalazły się elementy idealizacji i myślenia życzeniowego. Okazało się, że studenci postrzegają księdza przede wszystkim w dwóch funkcjach: (1) podstawowej, niejako naturalnej, czyli związanej z wykonywaniem posługi względem Kościoła i dlatego kojarzonej z pozytywnie waloryzowa- nymi doświadczeniami i wartościami, takimi jak: zaufanie, duchowość, pobożność, bezkompromisowość, prawda; (2) „służebnej” wobec wiernych, którzy oczekują od duchownego cech daleko wykraczających poza typowo ludzkie, a zmierzających niemal w stronę bóstwa. Zebrany materiał dowiódł dość słabej ekspozycji funkcji podstawowej. Przyczyny tego należy upatrywać w oczywistości tej funkcji – z punktu widzenia semantyki rzeczownika ksiądz. Ponadto ankietowani nie tyle charakteryzowali księdza realnego, ile kreowali jego własny obraz, własne wyobrażenia o księdzu takim, jakiego chcieliby mieć (jakim powinien być), a zatem posługa względem Kościoła schodziła na plan dalszy. Obraz księdza odtwarzany na podstawie wypowiedzi studentów lubelskich potwierdził, że w jednym stereotypie mogą spotkać się cechy zarówno pozytywne, jak i negatywne. Oceny emocjonalne, aczkolwiek wtórne wobec waloru poznawczego, są jednak bardzo istotne, ponieważ ujawniają uwarunkowania kulturowo-subiektywne. Ksiądz jest zatem dla respondentów i religijny, pobożny i chciwy, wyrachowany.
Multidisciplinary Study of Burnt Deposits at Surungur, Fergana Valley, Southern Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Dedov I. E. , Kulakova E. P. , Shashkov M. V. , Zhdanov A. A. , Parkhomchuk E. V. , Chargynov T. , Shnaider S. V.
Published: January 2022

Burnt deposits are an important source of information on ancient lifestyles, providing the possibility of reconstructing the size, intensity of use, and functions of fi replaces at prehistoric settlements, and to assess fuel sources. We outline the results of a multidisciplinary study of fi replaces and their contexts at Surungur—a stratifi ed site in the Fergana Valley, in southern Kyrgyzstan. Sixteen samples from ash lenses and intermediate deposits were studied by rock-magnetism, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and X-ray fl uorescence (XRF). The rock-magnetic analysis suggests that the origin of all samples from ash lenses was anthropogenic. Types of fuel were reconstructed. At the initial stage (Early Holocene), the encompassing deposits likely resulted from short-term occupation, and fuel consisted of wood and grass/ dung. In the Middle Holocene, occupation became more long-term, as evidenced by maximal heating temperatures and high concentration of fi replaces. During the Late Holocene, habitation intensity on the platform under the stone ledge remained the same, but heating was less intense. Wood and grass/dung were used as fuel at all stages, suggesting that wood was available in the region throughout the Holocene.
Urbanization of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia and the Far East (20th to Early 21st Centuries)
Authors: Nikolaev V. V. , Oktyabrskaya I. V.
Published: January 2022

This article integrates studies relating to the history of urban communities of Siberian and Far Eastern indigenous peoples. A multidisciplinary approach to urbanization processes is used; their stages, rates, causes, and principal characteristics are analyzed. The database consists of our own fi eld fi ndings, published results of sociological studies, and those of All-Union and All-Russian population censuses. Three stages of urbanization affecting indigenous Siberians are described, and their factors and mechanisms are evaluated. The process is characterized by intense migration of indigenous peoples to the towns and cities during the recent period, accompanied by large-scale industrial development, and the transition of aboriginal societies from the traditional to the modern lifestyle. The urbanization, however, has not been completed, because of the underdeveloped urban infrastructure and the fact that many indigenous peoples to the cities had retained their rural traditions. The sa lient characteristic of the urbanization of indigenous peoples in the macroregion is that it was asynchronous, and that its sh ort intense phase, whereby the indigenous peoples mostly moved to nearby towns and urbanized villages in the 1960s–1970s, did not extend to all indigenous communities. Urbanization was incomplete in terms of both quality and quantity, and the integration of indigenous peoples into the urban space has engendered serious problems. According to the All-Russian population census of 2010, only fi ve indigenous peoples of Siberia and the Far East had completed the urbanization process: Kereks, Mansi, Nivkhs, Uilta and Shors. Currently, most indigenous peoples are medium-urbanized. The lowest level of urbanization is among the Soyots, Siberian Tatars, Telengits, Tofalars, Tubalars, Chelkans, Chulyms, and Tozhu Tuvans. We conclude that urbanization among the indigenous peoples is a long, diffi cult, and contradictory process, which, in modern Siberia, triggers many ethnocultural and ethno-social transformations of regional multiethnic communities.
The Effectiveness of Lugol on the Increasing of Pregnancy Rate in Aceh Cow with Endometritis
Authors: Sutriana Amalia , Sayuti Arman , Panjaitan Budianto , TR Teuku Armansyah , Tunnisa Aisyah Fadillah , Melia Juli , Siregar Tongku Nizwan , Hafizuddin Hafizuddin , Aliza Dwinna
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of lugol on the increasing the pregnancy rate in repeat breeding (RB) Aceh cows due to endometritis. This study used six endometritis’s cows, aged 5-7 years, weighed 150-250 kg which were divided into two groups (n=3), KI and KII. The cows in group 1 (K1) were injected with 5 ml PGF2α, while the cows in group 2 (KII) were treated with 50 ml of 2% lugol intra-uterine and continued with an injection of 5 ml PGF2α after healing. The detection of estrus was performed twice a day following by artificial insemination (AI) about 10-16 hours after the onset of estrus. Determination of pregnancy was performed by ultrasonography (USG) on the 25th day after AI. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that all endometritis ’cows in KI and KII present estrous signs (100%). However, only one cow was recovered in K2, whereas in K1 did not. After AI, one pregnant cow was observed in KII (33.3%), while none of the pregnant cows was found in K1 (0.0%). It is concluded that the lugol treatment for endometritis’s Aceh cows can improve the pregnancy rate. (Efektivitas larutan lugol untuk meningkatkan persentase kebuntingan pada sapi Aceh yang mengalami endometritis) ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian larutan lugol terhadap peningkatan persentase kebuntingan sapi Aceh yang mengalami RB. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan enam ekor sapi Aceh betina dewasa, umur 5-7 tahun, bobot badan 150-250 kg, sudah pernah beranak, dan didiagnosis mengalami endometritis. Seluruh sapi dibagi menjadi dua kelompok (n=3). Pada kelompok 1 (K1), sapi endometritis diterapi dengan 50 ml lugol 2% secara intra uteri dan setelah sembuh dilanjutkan dengan penyuntikan 5 ml PGF2α. Sapi pada kelompok 2 (K2) hanya diinjeksi dengan 5 ml PGF2α. Deteksi berahi dilakukan sebanyak dua kali per hari dan inseminasi buatan (IB) dilakukan sekitar 10-16 jam setelah awal berahi. Pemeriksaan kebuntingan dilakukan dengan ultrasonografi (USG) pada hari ke-25 setelah IB. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dari masing-masing kelompok, hanya satu ekor sapi pada K2 yang dinyatakan sembuh yaitu sapi pada kelompok kedua. Persentase sapi yang menjadi estrus pada kedua kelompok masing-masing adalah 100%. Dari tiga ekor sapi yang diinseminasi pada masing-masing kelompok, hanya satu ekor sapi pada K2 (33,3%) yang menunjukkan hasil positif bunting sedangkan pada K1 tidak terdapat sapi yang menunjukkan hasil positif (0,0%). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian larutan lugol pada sapi Aceh yang mengalami endometritis dapat meningkatkan persentase kebuntingan sapi Aceh.
Ten Years of SOPHIA
Authors: Powers Gina , Stone Cynthia
Published: January 2022

In 2021, the Society of Practitioners of Health Impact Assessment (SOPHIA) celebrates its 10-year anniversary.  As part of the celebration, we asked founding SOPHIA members and key SOPHIA leaders to reflect on the organization’s formation in 2011, to share their thoughts on SOPHIA’s key challenges and to highlight important accomplishments. Respondents also weighed in on the future of SOPHIA and the value of SOPHIA membership.  Research was conducted using written surveys, interviews, and review of written material.
 Surveys were sent in July of 2021 to eleven active SOPHIA members, many of whom have served as president, vice president, board member or founding member for SOPHIA.  Of the eight survey recipients who were interviewed or completed the written survey, nearly all have been conducting Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) for 10 or more years. Survey respondents’ HIA experience included assessments focused on a variety of policies, projects and programs, including housing, land use, economic security, the built environment, transportation, immigration policies, minimum wage policies, criminal justice and more. This article includes information gleaned through written material review; however, it is largely based on the feedback, insights and experiences shared by survey respondents verbally and in writing.
The Impact of Transformational Leadership Style and Employee Creativity on Organizational Innovation in Universities During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ngo Xuan Thi , Le Hoang Anh , Doan Thanh Kim
Published: January 2022

Organizational innovation is one of the important issues for organizations in every country to adapt to changing operating environments, scientific and technological progress, and crisis issues. This study aims to evaluate the impact of transformational leadership style and employee creativity on organizational innovation in universities in Vietnam. We employed Bayesian exploratory factor analysis and Bayesian regression analysis with primary data of leader–employee pairs to explore the abovementioned effects. The findings show that the components of transformational leadership style, including idealized influence (II), inspirational motivation (IM), intellectual stimulation (IS), and individual consideration (IC), have positive impacts on organizational innovation (OI) and employee creativity (EC). The findings also imply that employee creativity (EC) is a mediating factor in the impact of transformational leadership style (TLS) on organizational innovation (OI). Finally, increasing intrinsic motivation (INM) can increase the positive impact of transformational leadership style (TLS) on employee creativity (EC). Based on the results, we propose policy implications to promote organizational innovation in Vietnamese universities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Climate Change Effect on Irrigation Water Requirement of Wheat and Maize in Northern Part of Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md Panjarul , Hossain Md Zakir , Ali Muhammad Ahsan
Published: January 2022

Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries for climate change in agricultural water management. A research had been done to assess climate change effects on irrigation water use of wheat and maize in the northern part of Bangladesh. The twenty nine years of data (1990-2018) were analyzed with Mann-Kendall test as well as Sen’s slope for climate change impact and the responsible weather parameters due to climate change were identified with correlation coefficients. The crop water requirement of wheat in Bogura and Rangpur was declining at the rate of 3.3mm and 2.3mm per decade respectively. Net irrigation water requirement of wheat at both Bogura and Rangpur was inclining at the rate of 1mm and 10mm per decade respectively because the effective rainfall of these regions was decreasing at 5mm and 11mm per decade respectively. The crop water requirement of maize for similar districts was increasing at the rate of 3.2mm and 2.5mm per decade respectively although net irrigation water requirement had statistically non-significance for climate change effect. The weather parameter, which was mainly responsible for climatic change in irrigation water requirement, was increasing temperature. Therefore, wheat cultivation might be coped with climate change in the northern part of Bangladesh rather than maize on the basis of irrigation and water management.
Presenting an Energy-Efficient Model for the Envelope of High-Rise Office Buildings Case Study: Cold and Dry Climate
Authors: Majd Behnoosh Khosravani , Maddahi Seyyed Mehdi , Soflaei Farzaneh
Published: January 2022

The expansion of high-rise buildings and vertical cities has made room for a significant potential for large areas in the envelope (façade) of buildings to produce the required energy. This opens the opportunity to conduct research about the city of Mashhad-Iran. This study aims to provide an optimal model of the envelope of an office building and maximum utilization of sunlight in providing energy and indoor lighting in cold and dry climates. DesignBuilder software, version 6.1.0.006, to simulate the building and Energy plus 8.9 simulator engine was used to compare the amount of energy consumed, and electricity generated. We evaluated the data by the analytical-comparative method. The results showed that ,in one year, the energy produced by model number one (#1) (27.6%) and model number two (#2) (18.7%), among other simulated models with 15% efficiency (base efficiency rate) regarding all solar factors used in them, the amount of the electricity generated manifests a significant difference from the total electricity consumption of the building studied, assuming that the percentage of electricity supply with the actual efficiency of the proposed solar factors, are 17.99% and 17.88%, in model (#1) and model (#2). Once compared the given results of the models used for the photovoltaic panels, photovoltaic solar glasses, and the occupied area by them, a direct impact on the efficiency and energy generation of the building model envelope was seen. So, this study paves the road for further use of new technologies of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) for locations that have similar climate.
Hemodynamic Stress Response in Controlled Hypertensive Patients- A Randomized Comparison of I-Scope Video Laryngoscope and Macintosh Laryngoscope
Authors: Bankar Prashant , Kachru Nisha , Yadav Rupesh
Published: January 2022

Background: Laryngoscopy and intubation cause activation of the sympathetic nervous system and can results in tachycardia, arrhythmias and hypertension. Hypertensive patients demonstrate a relatively greater rise in catecholamine secretion and an increased sensitivity to them. Aim of the study is to compare the haemodynamic stress response associated with orotracheal intubation using videolaryngoscope or Macintosh laryngoscope in controlled hypertensive patients.
Methods: Sixty hypertensive, American Society of Anesthesiologist’s class II, patients were randomly divided in to two groups. In group V (videolaryngoscope), intubation was done with i-scope videolaryngoscope. In group M (Macintosh), intubation was done using Macintosh laryngoscope. Primary objectives of the study pulse rate (PR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) were noted immediately after and at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 minutes after intubation.
Results: The demographic data were comparable in both groups. There was no significant difference at baseline for mean (SD) PR, SBP, DBP and MBP at baseline and after induction/before intubation (p>0.05). The mean (SD) PR, SBP, DBP and MBP were significantly higher in Macintosh laryngoscope group as compared to i-scope videolaryngoscope immediately after intubation, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 minutes after intubation (p<0.001).
Conclusion: We found that intubation with the use of i-scope videolaryngoscope results in less haemodynamic stress response than Macintosh laryngoscope in controlled hypertensive patients.
A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effect of Norepinephrine and Phenylephrine in the Treatment of Post Spinal Hypotension for Caesarean Section
Authors: Patil Archita , Chavan Rashmee , Mudalagirigowda Shwetha K. , Adda Sravya
Published: January 2022

Background: Maternal hypotension due to spinal anaesthesia in caesarean section is commonly seen. Alongwith fluid loading, phenylephrine is used to manage the hypotension. However, this drug is associated with cardiovascular side effects.
Methods: This is a prospective double blinded study which was conducted on 100 term parturients scheduled from elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, randomly assigned into two groups. After spinal anaesthesia patients of group N and P were treated with norepinephrine (5mcg) and phenylephrine (50mcg) respectively as an IV bolus for hypotension. Blood pressure, heart rate, number of bolus doses given, and neonatal APGAR score was noted.
Results:  Patients of both groups were comparable with respect to haemodynamic parameters (HR, SBP, DBP, AND MAP). Incidence of bradycardia was higher in group P (22%, n=11) compared to group N (14%, n=7). Neonatal APGAR scores at different time intervals were similar in both groups.
Conclusion: Intermittent boluses of norepinephrine were effective in the treatment of spinal anaesthesia induced hypotension during caesarean section and can be considered as an alternative to phenylephrine.
Cardiac Function in Brain Death, Usage of Advanced Hemodynamic Monitoring
Authors: Jahangirifard Alireza , Monjazebi Fateme , Ilbeigi Alireza , Naghdipour Nafiseh , Ahmadi Zargham Hossein , Sadegh Beigee Farahnaz , Dehghani Sanaz
Published: January 2022

Background: This study used advanced hemodynamic monitoring along with simultaneous echocardiography to assess donated heart function of brain death patients using advanced hemodynamic monitoring and its efficacy in organ donation.
Methods: Forty-eight brain death patients who were candidates of heart donation on the basis of primary standard investigations were selected with purposive and convenient sampling methods. They were investigated with advanced hemodynamic monitoring after echocardiography and primary assessments and the gleaned data were recorded.
Results: Echocardiography showed that LVS (left ventricle size) and LVF (left ventricle function) were normal in %100 and %87.5 of patients, respectively. LVEF (left ventricle ejection fraction) was <%50 in %12.5 and >%50 in %87.5 of patients. SVR was smaller than 1200 at the beginning of the study that reached %54.4 at the end of the study. CI (cardiac index) was < 2.4 in %16.7 of the patients at the onset of the study that reached %25 at the end. Reduction of CI and SVR in patients with EF <%50 was significantly higher than that in patients with EF>%50.
Conclusion: Given the extensive pathological changes in the cardiovascular system exerted by brain death, advanced hemodynamic monitoring, if performed continually, can greatly aid in managing inotropic drugs in these patients, decision-making for managing intravascular volume, creating hemodynamic stability, and finally, preventing deterioration of function of the donated heart and loss of a donated organ.
Comparative Study of the Effect of Midazolam Administration Before and after Seizures on the Prevention of Complications in Children Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy Compared with a Control Group
Authors: Masoudifar Mehrdad , Nazemroaya Behzad , Raisi Maryam
Published: January 2022

Background: One of the complications of ECT treatment is headache. There is a need to use sedation during ECT. As a result, midazolam has been used to address a safe and effective strategy in this regard.
Methods: This study is a double-blind clinical trial that has been performed in three groups: group A, which receives midazolam based on the usual regimen, group B, which receives midazolam after shock, and group C, which is the control group. Patients were asked about headache, nausea, and muscle aches during the recovery time, seizure duration and after becoming fully conscious. Data were analyzed in the PASW version18 software using analysis of variance and repeated measurement tests, ANOVA, independed t and χ2 tests.
Results: Analysis showed that the frequency of muscle pain after full consciousness in group C was significantly higher than group B, with group B being higher than group A. χ2 test showed that the frequency of headache, cough and nausea in group C was significantly higher than the two groups A and B.
Conclusion: The result of this research showed that midazolam prodrug plays an effective role in preventing post-ECT complications in children. The effect of midazolam before and after ECT on headache, muscle pain and nausea was investigated and compared with the control group. Also, due to its anterograde amnesia, midazolam can reduce the patient's stress in the next visits, and this issue is even more important when the patient is a child.
Clinical Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Rescue Therapy in Covid-19 Era
Authors: Jabbari Ali , Hoseini Seyed Said , Jahangirifard Alireza , Enayati Ayesheh , Khori Vahid
Published: January 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
Changing the COVID-19 Patients Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Algorithm Sequence from CAB to ABC
Authors: Mohammadi Mostafa , Mohammadi Parsa , Mollazadeh Reza , Vardanjani Ali Esmaeili
Published: January 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
Indoor air quality in wards of dental school clinic: Variations of VOCs, CO2 and airborne particle levels
Authors: Bayani Mojtaba , Mirhoseini Seyed Hamed , Koolivand Ali , Sarlak Hamid , Moradzadeh Rahmatollah , Ghamari Farhad , Sheykhan Adel , Taheri Azin
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The indoor environment of dental clinics may endanger dental patients and personnel and due to a great variety of air pollutants throughout the usual dental operation. The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was the evaluation of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and factors affecting it in a dentistry faculty of Arak University of Medical Sciences.
Material and methods: The IAQ of five dental active wards and the patient waiting room was evaluated. The concentrations of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), CO2, particulate matter, and bioaerosols were measured.
Results: The TVOCs concentration in sampling locations ranged between 817 to 3670 μg/m3 during dental work and exceeded the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) guideline in all sampling locations. The highest values of Particulate Matter (PM) for PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were observed in the periodontics ward, while the lowest values were observed in the endodontics ward. The PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the WHO limit in periodontics and pediatric wards. TVOC levels had a significant positive correlation with temperature (r=0.374, p<0.01) and RH (r=0.265, p<0.05). The predominant bacterial genus of the patient waiting area was Bacillus (36%), while the dominant bacterial genus of the other sampling site was Micrococcus spp. Penicillium (35.5%) and Cladosporium (28%) were the predominant fungi detected.
Conclusion: Controlling of airborne particles is to be standardized by the infection control actions of dental clinics and improved ventilation capacity in the air conditioning system was suggested for reducing VOCs and PM concentrations.
Risk assessment of workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica in silica crushing units in Azandarian Industrial Zone, Hamadan, Iran
Authors: Poormohammadi Ali , Mir Moeini Effat Sadat , Assari Mohammad Javad , Khazaei Salman , Bashirian Saed , Abdulahi Mohsen , Azarian Ghasem , Mehri Fereshteh
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Azandarian industrial zone with about 40 active silica crushing units is one of the largest industrial area in Hamadan province, Iran.
Materials and methods: In this study, the personal exposure of workers in the activated silica crushing units was measured. Assessing the risk of mortality due to exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) in the workplace was then estimated through measuring the personnel exposure in accordance with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 7601 method. Moreover, the mortality rate of lung cancer and risk of mortality due to exposure to RCS were estimated.
Results: Based on the results, the average exposure of employees to RCS in the crushing units was in the range of 1.70 -0.14 mg/m3. As observed, the lowest and highest exposure was obtained for the admission unit and sandstone, respectively. In general, it can be inferred that in all studied occupation positions, the exposure level was higher than the recommended standard (0.25 mg/m3). As can be seen, the carcinogenic risk level for the exposed workers was in the range 2-26/1000. The results of risk assessment showed that the highest risk level was related to the stamping machine operator unit and the lowest was related to the administrative unit.
Conclusion: Therefore, the workers working in high-risk units such as stamping machine operator and stone separation operator are more likely to suffer from adverse health complications such as silicosis, lung cancer and other respiratory complications.
Surfactant Utilization Evaluation in a Major Teaching Hospital in West of Iran: An Observational, Prospective Study
Authors: Khiali Sajad , Hosseini Mohammadbagher , Shaseb Elnaz
Published: January 2022

Background: The respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common pulmonary disorder that usually occurs as a result of preterm labor and is associated with lack of surfactant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of surfactant prescription in Alzahra teaching hospital in Tabriz, Iran.
Methods: This drug use evaluation (DUE) study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Al-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. The demographic and clinical data collection was performed using clinical records of patients. The pattern of surfactant replacement therapy was evaluated and compared with the European Consensus Guideline on the management of respiratory distress syndrome in 2016.
Results: A total of 252 premature infants who received surfactant between August 2017 and March 2018 were included. 80.8% of neonates were born by cesarean section. The most used surfactant was Curosurf®, which was used in 82.1% of cases. Only 34.9% of the infants received within 8 hours of birth. Moreover, 79% of infants received the standard dose of surfactant, while 9.5 % and 11.5% were given high and low doses of surfactant, respectively.
Conclusion: The pattern of surfactant replacement therapy was not completely according to the guidelines, particularly regarding the time of administration.  Considering the importance of dose and timely administration of surfactant, providing strategies to decrease these errors are important.
Oxidative Stress and Bipolar Mood Disorder: An Important Yet Ambiguous Relationship
Authors: Rahsepar Sara , Mohammadpour Amirhooshang
Published: January 2022

Bipolar disorder is a chronic psychological condition that disturbs many patients' lives around the world. The exact pathophysiology of bipolar disorder is yet unknown, but there are several hypotheses to explain this condition. One of the most challenging theories is the role of oxidative stress in the progression of bipolar disorder. Here, we conducted a narrative review to gather the studies that investigated the relationship between bipolar disorder and oxidative stress. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, and google scholar databases using the following keywords: “bipolar disorder,” “oxidative stress,” “oxidative markers,” and “bipolar patients.”     A majority of studies showed that oxidative markers such as Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances are significantly higher in bipolar patients compared to healthy subjects. Based on the included articles, bipolar disorder is associated with oxidative stress. Nevertheless, further well-established Cohorts are required to support these results.
Sistemas socio-ecológicos: análisis bibliométrico del estado actual, desarrollo y escenarios futuros
Authors: Morales Velasco Sandra , Ramírez  González Gustavo , Ramos Barón Pablo Andrés , Arango Mejía Jacobo , Vivas Quila Nelson José
Published: January 2022

En este documento presenta un análisis bibliométrico/mapeo científico para analizar las tendencias en la investigación de los sistemas socio-ecológicos - SSE, basado en 1751 publicaciones citadas en la base de datos de Scopus entre 1971 y 2019. Para al análisis de los registros se utilizó el software SciMAT, que analiza relaciones evolución conceptual, diagramas estratégicos y clúster relacionados con la productividad de los autores, número de referencias, organizaciones, países y principales publicaciones. Los resultados muestran el incremento en estudios relacionados con los SSE, con el especial interés en el pervivir y la gobernanza de los recursos naturales. También se evidencia que los países que mayor cantidad de producción son EE. UU., Reino Unido, Australia y Alemania.
Coupling career fairy tale “Fascinating Sociology Class”. How to teach sociology? The sociology of sociology
Authors: Wagner Izabela
Published: January 2022

This paper is a simple account of my teaching experience1, the aim of which is to answer the question: “How can we successfully teach interactionism, labeling theory, grounded theory and other sociological bases related to qualitative methods with the active participation of students?”. Through the examples of sociologists working in the Chicago Tradition, French sociologists working with Pierre Bourdieu, and other examples from American sociology, I show that sociological work is group activity. It is argued in this paper, that to make sociological thinking understandable to students teachers may do well to contextualize key theorists in their narrative/biographical context. The students learn, that sociologists are not magicians or genius individuals who produce attractive theories. Rather, they work in collaboration with other humans to generate knowledge. Moreoever, I demonstrate that sociologists’ contributions are often strongly related to and influenced by their broader life context.
Love, Friendship, and Disaffection in Plato and Aristotle: Toward a Pragmatist Analysis of Interpersonal Relationships
Authors: Prus Robert , Camara Fatima
Published: January 2022

Although much overlooked by social scientists, a considerable amount of the classical Greek literature (circa700-300BCE) revolves around human relationships and, in particular, the matters of friendship, love and disaffection. Providing some of the earliest sustained literature on people's relations with others, the poets Homer (circa 700BCE) and Hesiod (circa 700BCE) not only seem to have stimulated interest in these matters, but also have provided some more implicit, contextual reference points for people embarked on the comparative analysis of human relations. Still, some other Greek authors, most notably including Plato and Aristotle, addressed these topics in explicitly descriptive and pointedly analytical terms. Plato and Aristotle clearly were not of one mind in the ways they approached, or attempted to explain, human relations. Nevertheless, contemporary social scientists may benefit considerably from closer examinations of these sources. Thus, while acknowledging some structuralist theories of attraction (e.g., that similars or opposites attract), the material considered here focus more directly on the problematic, deliberative, enacted, and uneven features of human association. In these respects, Plato and Aristotle may be seen not only to lay the foundations for a pragmatist study of friendship, love, and disaffection, but also to provide some exceptionally valuable materials with which to examine affective relations in more generic, transhistorical terms.
¿Cómo entender lo rural en la educación rural?. Una aproximación documental
Authors: Dueñas-García German Dario , Espinel Oscar
Published: January 2022

El artículo indaga por las concepciones en torno a lo rural y la ruralidad en la educación rural. Para ello, se centra en las publicaciones de los años 2010 a 2020 de la revista Praxis y Saber. A la par, se emplean algunos referentes teóricos con el fin de ampliar los instrumentos de comprensión e indagación. De este modo, lo rural se explora en un contexto sociológico que compara preocupaciones de desarrollo y educación; mientras la ruralidad es abordada como un ambiente más amplio y diferenciado de acuerdo a las experiencias en diferentes territorios. El rastreo arroja regularidad enunciativa alrededor de cuestiones como la falta de relevancia e inversión en el sector rural y por ende en educación —problemáticas identificadas de antaño en la obra de Fals Borda—; la diferenciación que tienen los territorios en cuanto a cultura y formas de vida, los cuales no han sido suficientemente explorados; y la existencia de apuestas de investigación individuales preocupadas por aportar alternativas, que sin embargo, en su desarrollo resultan insuficientes.
Program Pendidikan Kesetaraan Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah (PKPPS) di Ma’had Zaadul Ma’ad Palembang
Authors: Andespa Robin , Ismail Fajri , Mardeli Mardel
Published: January 2022

This study aims to evaluate the Equality Education program at the Salafiyah Islamic Boarding School (PKPPS). The research was conducted in Ma'had Zaadul Ma'ad Palembang. The research time starts from October 2020 to April 2021. The research subjects are students of the Salafiyah Wustha level. This type of research is an evaluation research using the CIPP evaluation model (context, input, process, product). Evaluation is carried out to see the level of conformity of program implementation with the criteria set out in the PKPPS Technical Guidelines. The results showed that the PKPPS program at the Salafiyah Wustha level in terms of the context, process, or product dimensions was in accordance with the criteria so that the program needed to be continued. However, if viewed from the input dimension, it only reached a sufficient level of conformity. The researcher's recommendation for policy makers is to limit a maximum of 30 students per study group, educators who have not received a bachelor's degree to be directed to continue their education, educators are expected to teach subjects according to academic qualifications, the need for infrastructure is not fulfilled, and damaged infrastructure needs to be repaired. The components of the Salafiyah Wustha PKPPS program that need to be disseminated are mainly related to increasing the number of students, namely a distinctive vision and mission, the establishment of programs based on community needs, and the use of online media in the study of the Kitab Kuning.
Preliminary safety evaluation of n-butanol from the collagen extraction process and of collagen extract from Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) skin oriented for dermocosmetics
Authors: Sánchez-Tuest Linda , Reátegui-Pinedo Nataly , Salirrosas David , Morocho-Jácome Ana Lucía , Daud Sarruf Fernanda , Miliani Martinez Renata , Quevedo-León Roberto , Fiestas Ramiro , Ayala-Jara Carmen , Rolim Baby André , Adriana Prieto Zulita
Published: January 2022

Obtaining new cosmetic ingredients, mainly from sustainable sources, as novel excipients or even active compounds is noteworthy for the cosmetic industry to enhance new innovative dermocosmetics. Thus, it is essential to establish the safety of these new ingredients to avoid adverse events, mainly those associated with clastogenic effects from the chemical compounds used for collagen extraction. In this study, we evaluated solutions of chemical compounds used in the collagen extraction process from tilapia skin (Oreochromis niloticus). The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the solutions used in the collagen extraction process were 10.0, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1% n-butanol. Solutions were evaluated by the Allium test and the comet assay in peripheral white blood cells. The residual water from the final skin wash in the pre-treatment phase and the 0.5% lyophilized collagen extract were also investigated. The absence of cytotoxic and genotoxic activity was demonstrated in the collagen extract, despite the fact that n-butanol showed DNA damage, both in the root cells of Allium cepa and in the white blood cells of human peripheral blood. Therefore, we note the necessity to carry out genotoxicity tests to guarantee the absence of contaminants in the collagen extract for cosmetic purposes