bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGANGAN PUKAT CINCIN (PURSE SEINE) DI NEGERI WAAI KECAMATAN SALAHUTU KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Kaihena Joel , Waileruny Welem , Sangadji Selfi
Published: September 2024

The operation of purse seine fishing gear already exists and is utilized by fishermen in Waai Country, which is administratively located in Salahutu sub-district, Central Maluku Regency. The objectives of this research are: 1) Analyze the socio-economic aspects of purse seines in Waai Country; 2) Describe the purse seine fishing unit; 3) Formulate a strategy for developing the purse seine business in Waai Country. The people of Waai State, whose main profession is purse seine fishermen, also have other jobs, including as motorbike taxi drivers and farmers, to support their family's economic needs and their education is much better, the results of research show that to determine which strategy is best. will be used in the development of purse seine fishing in Negeri Waai, Salahutu District, Central Maluku Regency, so the analysis data obtained is that the results of the analysis are in quadrant 1, so the strategy used is the SO strategy including: 1) Increase production, 2) Use efficient technology, 3) Facilitate fishermen to get fuel with fisherman card subsidies.
DINAMIKA POPULASI IKAN CAKALANG (KATSUWONUS PELAMIS) DI LAUT SERAM
Authors: Soukotta Imanuel VT. , Tuapetel Friesland
Published: September 2024

This study examines the skipjack tuna fishing industry in North Seram District, Central Maluku Regency, which has been operated by local fishermen for many years. This fishery is categorized as a small-scale and concentrated effort in the Seram Sea, one of the small seas in the Indonesian archipelago, which is part of the Pacific Ocean, covering an area of approximately 12,000 square kilometers. The study employs the length-weight relationship analysis method and the von Bertalanffy growth model. The results indicate that the growth of skipjack tuna can be represented by the equation W = 0.0133L^3.0999 with a determination coefficient of 94%. The b coefficient value for the sampled skipjack tuna was 3.0999, indicating isometric growth (length and weight grow proportionally). The growth coefficient (K) of skipjack tuna was 0.17 per year, with an asymptotic length of 49.586 cm and a t0 value of -0.0748 years. The resulting von Bertalanffy equation is Lt = 49.58{1- e^-0.175(t+0.0748)}, which describes the growth pattern of skipjack tuna in the Seram Sea.
Black Tea Jelly Candy (Camellia Sinensis) to Increase Salivary Volume in Elderly: Preliminary Research
Authors: Lisa Prihastari  , Rahma Anisa Sugiarto Putri  , Ahmad Ronal
Published: September 2024

Background: Physiological changes in the elderly include decreased saliva production that causes dry mouth, difficulty in chewing and swallowing. Chewing gum and candies with a chewy texture like jelly can help stimulate the salivary glands. Black tea contains some phenolic and flavonoid compounds that have antioxidant properties that can increase the saliva flow rate. Objective: To determine the gap in saliva volume of elderly subjects before and after chewing black tea jelly candy compared to the saliva production when subjects chewed non-black tea candies and the control group (no treatment). This study also determined the prevalence of xerostomia in subjects. Materials and Methods: This field experiment was conducted using a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials design with a pretest-posttest control group design. 30 elderly subjects aged 45-90 years in the Tresna Werda Budi Mulia 1 Nursing home, Jakarta were selected based on the predetermined inclusion criteria. They signed the informed consent and answered the Summated Xerostomia Inventory Questionnaire (SXI). Salivary volume before and after chewing black tea jelly candy was measured using a measuring cup. Statistical tests consisting of Oneway ANOVA and Dependent T-Test were performed to analyze the data. Results: The prevalence of elderly who complaining of xerostomia in this research was 40%. There was a significant gap in saliva volume between the three groups with p = 0.002 (P<0.05). An increase in saliva volume in the black tea jelly candy treatment group was identified. The average volume before intervention in the black tea jelly candy treatment group was 1.26 mL and after the intervention was 2.15 mL. Conclusion: Chewing black tea jelly candy increase the saliva volume in elderly subjects.
Management of Ellis Class II Fracture in Young Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor
Authors: Rabiatul Adawiyah  , Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

Background: Tooth fracture is a condition of missing or lost fragments of a complete tooth. Tooth fracture usually occurs simultaneously with another oral injury. Objective: This case report discussed the management of Ellis class II fractures on an immature permanent central incisor of a patient who reported to Jenderal Achmad Yani University (Unjani) Dental Hospital. Case: An 11-year-old girl revealed a broken upper left tooth, sensitive to cold drinks that interfered with her appearance one year ago. The patient had a good general condition, no abnormalities during an extraoral examination, and a history of pain on the lower back tooth since a year ago. Case Management: Management of Ellis class II fracture in young permanent central incisor was conducted by using a class IV composite resin restoration. Conclusion: The management of Ellis class II fracture should be conducted holistically and systematically with subjective, intraoral, extraoral, and adjunctive examinations which should be performed correctly and considering the child’s psychology.
Evaluation of Stuffing Out in the Warehouse PT. Lyon Oceanic Trans Surabaya
Authors: Vernandy Anggy Ryo , Akhmad Ekka Pujo Ariesanto , Hidayat Sapit
Published: September 2024

This study aims to evaluate the obstacles causing delays in the stuffing out process at the warehouse of PT. Lyon Oceanic Trans Surabaya. The research method used is a qualitative approach by collecting data through observations and in-depth interviews with warehouse workers and managers. The results show that the delay in stuffing out is caused by several main factors, namely the late delivery of goods from customers to the warehouse and the lack of support tools such as forklifts, thus relying only on human labor. The conclusion of this study indicates the need for increased efficiency in the delivery of goods as well as the addition of facilities and equipment in the warehouse to expedite the stuffing out process.
Pain Perception and Anesthesia Requirements in Diode Laser vs. Traditional Methods for Second Stage Implant Exposure
Authors: Jameel Saad M. , Alkurtas Salah A. , Dhahir Mohammed K.
Published: September 2024

Using a 940nm diode laser or traditional methods, second-stage implant exposure involves removing soft tissue above the dental implant to expose the implant fixture and complete the implant procedure. This study included twenty-three patients (43.5% of whom were males, and the female percentage was 56.5%), aged between 18 and 70 years, who had at least two implants (3-6 months after implant insertion). Implant exposure was performed in case 1, using the traditional methods of puncture, flap, or incision, and in case 2, using a 940 nm diode laser. The study took place in Baghdad, Iraq. The results showed that the average pain in the laser group was 1.48, which was less than the average pain in the traditional group, which was 3.70. The pain scores that patients immediately reported for the laser cases were between 0 and 3, while the pain scores for the conventional cases were higher, ranging from 2 to 6. This was statistically significant in favour of the laser cases. All patients using the traditional method required infiltration anaesthesia, while 20 patients were satisfied with topical anaesthesia in the diode laser cases; this was statistically significant, favouring the laser method. This study revealed that the 940 nm diode laser is more efficient than the conventional method regarding the patient's perception of pain and the need for infiltration anaesthesia.
Study of Some Physical and Antibacterial Properties of Bio-based (PLA)/(PCL) Blend reinforced with ZrO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Ashoor Hassan A. , Mohammed Awattif A.
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to produce flexible films by combining polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and enhance their strength by reinforcing them with different weight percentages (0.75, 1.5, and 2.25%) of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles (NPs) using a solvent casting process. The physical and antibacterial properties of the films were analysed to determine their suitability for use in food packaging. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the PLA/PCL films containing 2.25% by weight ZrO2 nanoparticles have a peak at an angle of 2θ = 17.18°, accompanied by smaller peaks. This confirms that these thin films have a semi-crystalline structure and that the molecules in the thin films are well dispersed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the film surfaces reveals that the pure PLA/PCL films exhibit a smooth surface, while the (PLA/PCL/ZrO2NPs) films have a rough surface. The thermal behaviour of the blends through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed fluctuations due to variations in the reinforcement ratio, resulting in changes in the glass transition and melting temperatures. These oscillations indicate changes in the level of crystallinity. ZnO2 has antibacterial properties that promote growth inhibition, making these films more effective in food packaging.
Efficiency of Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on Optical Band Gap
Authors: Meem Mahseena Akter , Ahsan M. Rezwanul , Muhibbullah M. , Hakim Md Shahrier , Karthick Alagar
Published: September 2024

Electric energy production by fuel burning produces dangerous pollutants. The photovoltaic solar cell is a suitable alternative. For thin film solar cells, efficiency improvement should be carried out through continued development of their characteristics. The homojunction solar cell has reached its optimum. In the present work, a relationship between optical band gap and solar cell efficiency of heterojunctions has been established. Suitable band gaps of a pair of heterojunctions are required to get maximum efficiency for an appropriate frequency of solar radiation. The efficiency of a couple of extrinsic semiconductors can be calculated theoretically. An optimum band gap of a pair of heterojunctions with the highest efficiency may be found by this process. The efficiency of a few heterojunctions has been calculated using reported data. The results show that efficiency is increased with optical band gaps, and type-I is more efficient than type-II heterojunctions. The work may help to improve the solar cell efficiency.
Influence of Magnetic Mirror on the Emission Spectra of DBD Actuator
Authors: Abdulhamed Aveen Salahuldeen , Abbas Qusay Adnan
Published: September 2024

The research investigated the effect of magnetic mirror configuration on the properties of plasma formed in a dielectric barrier discharge  (DBD) actuator under atmospheric pressure. The discharge was formed when a high alternating voltage of 22 kV at a frequency of 9 kHz was applied between the electrodes under atmospheric pressure. The magnetic mirror was created when two permanent magnets were placed behind the electrodes. Plasma emission spectra were detected using a photoemission spectrometer at different horizontal distances (D) between the dielectric and the actuator, ranging from 0 to 5 cm. The effect of the magnetic mirror on the plasma properties at different horizontal distances was studied. The results indicated that the value of electron temperature increases with an increase in the horizontal distance at a smaller rate in the presence of the magnetic mirror configuration. The decrease in the surface area of the electrode led to a significant increase in the electron number density in the presence of the magnetic field. The magnetic mirror affected the value of all the plasma properties studied. At the same time, there was no effect on the behaviour of plasma properties in the presence of magnetic mirror configurations.
The European Digital Identity Wallet: A Healthcare Perspective
Authors: Van Roijen Danny
Published: September 2024

Within the last five years, big strides have been made in Europe to write a future-proof rulebook on data and digital. In the shadow of headline-grabbing regulations such as the Digital Markets Act and the AI Act, the eIDAS regulation was revised to establish a European Digital Identity Wallet. Defiing a clear legal and technical framework will help create trust and credibility for the development and application of new use cases within healthcare, of which the patient will only stand to benefit.
Implementing and Analyzing the Advantages of Voice AI as Measurement-Based Care (MBC) to Address Behavioral Health Treatment Disparities among Youth in Economically Disadvantaged Communities
Authors: Alemu Yared , Cárdenas Bautista Elizabeth , Vinson Sarah , Ohiomoba Patrick , Melecio Nakia , Amare Hermon , Vivian Jaya , Karippara Harshitha
Published: September 2024

Only 20% of behavioral health providers use measurement-based care [MBC].1 Two reasons for MBC’s low uptake outcomes are a need for stronger consensus regarding optimal use (in both frequency and consistency) and the absence of a widely utilized data analytics infrastructure. TQIntelligence has built and implemented a measurement-based system for community behavioral health providers, which includes the use of a novel AI-enabled voice algorithm designed to provide psychiatric decision and triaging support to pediatric populations.  The success of the implementation and related outcomes varied depending on the organization and the therapist's involvement in the pilot.2 This paper will contribute to the literature on measurement care and its effectiveness. It also challenges the dominant narrative that such systems are too complicated and ineffective in community behavioral health that serve children and adolescents from low-income communities.
Text-first virtual care: The key to virtual care sustainability
Authors: Schnase, MD, MBA Helen , LaDue Stephanie
Published: September 2024

Virtual care is, and will continue to be, a ubiquitous front door to care as it evolves as a modality to better match the demands and lifestyles of consumers. As with any technology, success comes from learning, iterating, and evolving, and this is certainly true of virtual care as it comes of age.
It’s been a complex journey as the modality gained acceptance, moving through the early adopter stage into its adolescent growth spurt propelled by COVID. Virtual care’s growth has been a mix of progress and pitfalls, manifested in policy changes, market shifts, sustainability issues, and the trials of big-name players. However, these challenges have also presented new opportunities for learning, partnering, and a runway for refined models to take hold. The legacy issues surrounding virtual care are now being resolved with the data-rich approach of on-demand, text-first virtual care. Fueled by artificial intelligence (AI) and poised to drive needed change, text-first virtual care is quality-oriented, data-based, and people-first, improving patient engagement and empowering clinicians.
Helen Schnase, MD, MBA, shares her experience with on-demand, text-first virtual care and gives insight on how virtual care can continue to thrive and be the ubiquitous front door to care we all want it to be. She lays out why it must be an experience that people want to use and support the tenets of: high-quality comprehensive care delivery; improved access to care; increased engagement and affordability; as well as scalability and the ability to accommodate future innovation.
The use of biofertilizer contribution to plant development and yield in greenhouse broccoli cultivation
Authors: Altuntaş Özlem , Küçük Rabia
Published: September 2024

In this study, the effects of chemical fertilizers and fertilizers containing microorganisms on broccoli yield were examined. It is aimed to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by using microorganisms. Mundo F1 Broccoli variety was used as plant material. The research was established according to the randomized block trial design with 3 treatments and 3 replications, and 20 plants were used in each replication. Applications: 1. Control: 100% chemical fertilization (U1), 2. Treatment II: 70% chemical fertilization + Microorganisms (U2), 3. Treatment II: 100% chemical fertilization + Microorganisms (U3). The aim of the study is the effects of chemical fertilizers and microorganisms on plant growth and development; To examine the effect of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and yield. It was concluded that the number of leaves, plant height and stem diameter generally increased in the plots where microorganisms were applied. When the results were evaluated in terms of yield compared to the control treatment, U2 treatment increased yield by 20% and U1 treatment increased yield by 15%.
Enhanced Dynamic Droop Control for Microgrid Frequency and Voltage Stabilization Using Hybrid Energy Storage Systems: A SECANT Method Approach
Authors: Adetona Sunday Oladejo , Udeze Kenneth Ugo
Published: September 2024

Due to their variable and intermittent nature, the integration of renewable energy sources poses control challenges related to voltage and frequency stability in isolated microgrids. This paper proposes an enhanced dynamic droop control strategy optimized in active time along with a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) comprising Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), supercapacitors (SUPCA), and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) to improve microgrid stability. The Dynamic Droop Gains (DDG) are continuously tuned using the rapid-converging SECANT numerical method to enhance transient response and steady-state performance, this was achieved using MATLAB/Simulink. The HESS combines the complementary characteristics of BESS, SUPCA and SMES to balance steady power supply and temporary overload capacity. Detailed simulation studies on a microgrid test system verify that the proposed control strategy significantly enhances voltage/frequency regulation, power sharing accuracy, BESS lifespan and overall stability compared to conventional droop techniques. The SUPCA further improves the transient performance and power quality by mitigating fluctuations. The research demonstrates an innovative way to harness advanced control algorithms and emerging storage technologies for next-generation resilient and sustainable microgrids.
Employment of Brick Residue in the Production of a Lightweight Concrete
Authors: AlKarawi Sultan N. , Al Azzawy Hutheifa J.
Published: September 2024

The important way to obtain lightweight concrete with compressive strength, density, and thermal insulation properties that differ from normal concrete was by adding materials with cementitious properties to the concrete mix instead of cement or using lightweight aggregate. In most cases, the compressive strength of the lightweight concrete produced was less than that of normal concrete. The aim of this research was to conduct three main objectives. The first objective is to produce lightweight concrete with good compressive strength compared to the same type of concrete by adding chemical additives (Super-Plasticizer S.P and Carbon Powder C.P) to the lightweight concrete mix. The second objective is to recycle the residues of the local brick and use them as coarse aggregates in the production of lightweight concrete. The third objective is to increase the thermal insulation rate of concrete by adding the same r additive. The results were good, concrete was produced from this work with the lowest density of up to (1810 kg/m3) and the highest compressive strength of up to (31.240 MPa) when only carbon powder was added in certain proportions and the density of up to (1944 kg/m3) and compressive strength of up to (31.946 MPa) when adding (Super-Plasticizer) to the same percentages of carbon powder. Compared to ordinary lightweight concrete without chemical additives, its density reaches (1894 kg/m3) and compressive strength (24.848 MPa) at the age of 28 days. In addition, the thermal conductivity values reached about (0.507 W/m.oC), compared to ordinary lightweight concrete (2.242 W/m.oC).
Response of Batter Piles Subjected to Static and Seismic Loading: Review Study
Authors: Jassim Adil Hani , Albusoda Bushra S.
Published: September 2024

Battered piles are beneficial when used as foundations where significant lateral resistance is required, which could result from extreme water waves, winds, soil pressures, massive hits of explosions, or earthquakes. Experimental and numerical research must focus on that direction to reveal how these foundations behave under different loading conditions. The present study reviews the investigations conducted on the performance of batter pile foundations and attempts to understand and cover various aspects related to this issue; after conducting the review, the results indicate that the negative battered piles provide an efficient lateral stiffness corresponding to positive battered piles and a vertical one. Also, lateral bearing capacity improved with the inclusion of battered piles. Moreover, batter piles respond better than vertical piles in liquefiable soil under seismic excitation. The current study also showed that the pullout capacity of batter piles increased with the batter angle.
Drought Assessment based on Different Metrological Drought indices in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, KRG, Iraq
Authors: Rashid Haveen Muhammed
Published: September 2024

Drought is a dangerous situation that lowers individual standards of living. It is considered a devastating natural event. This study intends to thoroughly examine the occurrence and characteristics of drought events in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate from 1985 to 2015. The study employed three standardized indices: the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), the standardized precipitation index (SPI), and the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). These indices were utilized at different periods, namely 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. According to findings, the maximum percent of extremely dry highlighted in Sulaymaniyah and Dukan stations for SPI index and time scale three months was 48% and 30%, respectively; the maximum percent of severely dry highlighted using RDI index and time scale three months with 41%, 32%, 44% in Sulaymaniyah, Dukan, and Darbandikhan stations respectively. Results revealed that the years 1998, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2008,  2009, and 2010 saw a drought for the used indices, Dukan station has the maximum severity of 112.25 for SPEI12 for the event happened from Nov. 2007 to Sep 2015. The maximum durations were observed at Dukan station using SPI and SPEI as well, and Darbandikhan station has the highest drought frequency. The correlations of drought indices, using the coefficient of determination ( ) showed the lowest and highest agreement between SPI-SPEI and SPI-RDI, respectively. The findings revealed that water resources in the study area are at risk of depletion due to drought. Therefore, water management techniques are required to mitigate drought in the study area.
Adaptive Cruise Control System: A Literature Survey
Authors: Ali Farah M. , Abbas Nizar H.
Published: September 2024

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) assists automobiles in preserving a safe following distance and adhering to speed limits. This advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) modifies the car's speed to keep a safe gap from oncoming traffic. All vehicle types include combustion engines, pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and methods of operation; controllers are designed to react to cruise control signals and provide an efficient route profile according to the surrounding environment and instantaneous vehicle performance characteristics. ACC uses a perception system to measure the forward vehicle's current distance, speed, and acceleration relative to the host vehicle. Some of these systems use lasers, radar, cameras, or a combination of these sensors to determine the distance and speed of the leading vehicle. Other systems even use wireless communication to collect data from surrounding vehicles. ACC can help reduce stress on long drives, increase road safety, prevent accidents, and enhance traffic flow energy efficiency. This paper aims to introduce a comprehensive study of the research on ACC and mention different controlling techniques used to deal with the problem. Furthermore, a discussion of each method with its cons and pros is mentioned too. First, an introduction to the ACC system and control approaches with a brief discussion of their main principle is presented. Next, various application cases of ACC are presented. These applications include lateral dynamics, wireless technology, energy vehicles, navigation data, and practical experimental tests. At last, future guidance and challenges are discussed.
SITW Method: A New Approach to Re-identifying Multi-criteria Weights in Complex Decision Analysis
Authors:   National Institute of Telecommunications, Szachowa 1, Warsaw, 04-894, Poland, Kizielewicz Bartłmiej , Sałabun Wojciech ,   National Institute of Telecommunications, Szachowa 1, Warsaw, 04-894, Poland
Published: September 2024

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) addresses complex decision-making problems across various fields such as logistics, management, medicine, and sustainability. MCDA tools provide a structured approach to evaluating decisions with multiple conflicting criteria, assisting decision-makers in navigating intricate scenarios. Engaging experts is crucial for identifying multi-criteria models due to the diverse aspects of decision-making problems. Techniques such as pairwise comparisons and criterion weight assignment are commonly used to incorporate expert knowledge into decision models. Criterion weight assignment allows experts to indicate the importance of each criterion; however, issues can arise if model parameters are lost or experts become unavailable. To mitigate these issues, techniques like entropy or standard deviation can determine weights without direct expert input. In this context, the Stochastic Identification of Weights (SITW) method utilizes existing assessment samples to re-identify models and obtain weights that replicate the rankings of a reference model. This study compares information-based methods (Entropy, STD) with the SITW method in re-identifying the TRI medical function as a benchmark. The effectiveness of these methods is evaluated using Spearman's weighted correlation coefficient across various scenarios and alternative numbers. Results indicate that the SITW method provides more significant results than other methods in identifying multi-criteria weights by leveraging previously evaluated alternatives. Future research could explore broader approaches and uncertainty scenarios to ensure comprehensive decision support in complex contexts.
Robustness of the relationship between the heartbeat counting task and measures of anxiety, depression, and alexithymia: A behavioural study and meta-analysis
Authors: Parfenov Evgeny A , Baranova-Parfenova Elizaveta , Duncan Niall W
Published: September 2024

Interoception - the process of receiving information from within the body - has been proposed as a factor in different psychological phenomena, including anxiety, alexithymia, and depression. A popular approach for investigating this potential relationship has been to combine the heartbeat counting task (HCT) with questionnaires that aim to measure these phenomena. In particular, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) have been widely used. More recent work has, however, suggested that the initial findings of correlations between the HCT and these questionnaires are not robust. Potential reasons for such a lack of robustness can include reporting bias in the literature, variation arising from methodological factors, or the use of under-powered sample in studies. To investigate whether these factors may be present in the literature looking at the HCT and the questionnaires of interest, we combined a well-powered behavioural study with a meta-analysis. Together, these showed no association between the HCT and STAI-T or TAS-20 responses. A weak correlation between the HCT and BDI-II responses was observed in the meta-analysis ($r = -0.08$). A moderator effect of the type of instruction was seen on the relationship between HCT scores and STAI-T responses, along with a moderating effect of population type on the correlation between the HCT and TAS-20 responses. No evidence of publication bias was observed but there was a notable issue of low-power across the studies included in the meta-analysis. In summary, we emphasise the absence of a meaningful relationship between the HCT and commonly used measures of psychological phenomena of interest. Although the relevant literature may not suffer from publication bias, we identify methodological issues that may contribute to a lack of robustness in this area of study.
Typology and the cognitive science of non-WEIRD languages: The role of memory types. A research project
Authors: Benítez-Burraco Antonio , Chen Sihan , Gil David
Published: September 2024

Linguistic typology has identified many of the aspects that are shared by the world’s languages, as well as aspects in which languages diverge, including infrequent or rare phenomena. Cognitive biases are one important source of language universals through their indirect effect on language change via their impact on language learning and language use. Likewise, typologically rare phenomena exist because the human brain is able to accommodate them. Nonetheless, our knowledge of how human cognition processes language (and language diversity) mostly derives from the analysis of a limited set of WEIRD (Western Educated, Industrialized Rich Democratic) or LOL (Literate, Official and with Lots of users) languages. Including non-WEIRD and non-LOL languages in our psycholinguistic experiments will certainly benefit the cognitive science of language, but also linguistic typology since, as noted, languages certainly do best what speakers do most' but this depends in turn on what our brains do most. We illustrate the benefits of this less biased approach to the cognitive science of language diversity with the consideration of a research project aimed to determine the impact on memory types (declarative, procedural, episodic) of the typological diversity of human languages resulting from sociopolitical factors (or more properly, a potential bidirectional feedback relationship, since changes in memory types can be also expected to impact on structural features of typological interest).
Age Differences in Reward Discounting in an Effortful 3D Game
Authors: van Berlo Evy
Published: September 2024

In this study, we investigated how spatial, temporal, and effort dimensions collectively influence reward discounting across different age groups. Using a 3D simulated environment, participants aged 7 to 77 chose between a nearby tree with fewer apples and a distant tree with more apples, requiring more time and effort to reach. Our findings revealed that participants initially preferred the distant tree with more apples, but as the difference in rewards decreased, they became increasingly more likely to choose the closer, less effortful option. This shift suggests a gradual re-evaluation of effort versus reward as the perceived value difference diminishes. Contrary to our hypothesis, younger participants were less likely to discount effortful rewards compared to middle-aged and older adults. These results underscore the complexity of decision-making across different dimensions and age groups, highlighting the need for more ecologically valid research in understanding how humans make trade-offs in naturalistic scenarios.
The Ecology of US Education Nonprofits
Authors: Trinidad Jose Eos , Lancet Daniel , Wang Lin-Chiun
Published: September 2024

Empirical information on education nonprofits is needed to understand their impact, variation, and distribution. Using tax data from 233,897 nonprofits, this paper highlights three clusters of nonprofits (educational institutions, professional improvement organizations, associational groups), subdivided into ten groups and 29 types. It presents their distribution and offers other insights. Spatially, nonprofits are prevalent in large states and cities, but the top 500 cities only make up half of all nonprofits. Temporally, there has been an explosion of nonprofits founded since 2010, many driven by professional rather than associational organizations. Financially, more than half of nonprofits reported zero revenue and assets. We discuss various data strengths and limitations, opportunities for new research, and contribution to education policy and politics.
Incentivising, excluding, and enduring: The policy dynamics of quantitative research assessment in Lithuania
Authors: Dagiene Eleonora , larivière vincent , Dix Guus , Waltman Ludo
Published: September 2024

Performance-based funding systems have significantly impacted the research systems in many countries. This study examines the evolution of the performance-based funding system in Lithuania. Using a multi-level, multi-actor, and multi-issue approach, we investigate how various actors influenced policy choices and outcomes. Through a combination of policy analysis, interviews, and bibliometric analysis, we explore tensions between international aspirations and domestic realities, the interplay between national policies and publishing behaviour, and challenges of metrics-based research assessment. Our findings reveal how the dominant role of scientific elites at all levels of governance had both intended outcomes (increase in publications in general and international publications in particular) and unintended consequences (proliferation of institutional journals and strategic publishing practices). Our study provides insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to develop effective and sustainable policies amidst calls for research assessment reform.
Women's Barriers to Utilizing Renewable Energy and Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Heidari Seyed Mohammadreza , Eshtiyagh Masume
Published: September 2024

Understanding women's perspectives on barriers to renewable energy adoption is critical for a successful transition to climate-resilient futures. However, these barriers remain underexplored, particularly in fossil-fuel-rich countries such as Iran. This study examined women's opinions on barriers to implementing renewable energy in daily activities through semi-structured interviews. The interviewees were women residing in Tehran, and the number of interviews was determined based on the "purposive sampling" and "theoretical sampling" methods. Collecting data continued until no new features and concepts emerged. Employing grounded theory, we developed a model categorizing women’s views into causal conditions (e.g., energy definitions, consumption behavior, renewable energy applications, global warming), context conditions (e.g., energy value, policy, accessibility, infrastructure), and intervening conditions (e.g., indigenous knowledge, motivation). The findings reveal a strong interest among participants in adopting renewable energy and supporting sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, various barriers limit their participation, highlighting the need for targeted public policies. The study also identified gaps in achieving SDGs 5 (Gender Equality), 7 (Affordable & Clean Energy), 11 (Sustainable Cities & Communities), 12 (Responsible Consumption & Production), and 13 (Climate Action). By amplifying women’s voices, this research offers critical insights for policymakers to foster a more inclusive and sustainable future for all.
Mathematical Modelling of a Single Magneto-Rheological for Car Suspension System Using Modified Bouc-Wen Model
Authors: Yaakub Siti Farizah , Yahaya Saifudin Hafiz , Salleh Mohd Shukor
Published: September 2024

Magneto-Rheological (MR) automotive suspension represents the most advanced technology currently available for enhancing passenger comfort through intelligent fluid behaviour. This work employed a Modified Bouc-Wen model to create a mathematical representation of a single MR vehicle suspension and compared its ride performance to that of passive suspension systems. The model was formulated and solved using second-order linear differential equations, with MATLAB software utilized to visualize the results. The maximum vertical displacement for the single MR mathematical model in this work was 0.031 m, while the minimum was -0.0124 m. At the minimum position, the vertical displacements for the passive model were 0.0532 m and -0.0133 m. The results demonstrated that the vertical displacement variation was similar for both the mathematical model and the passive system. All displacements obtained from the mathematical modeling of the single MR system were close to its mean of 0.000875 m (nearly zero). There was reduced vibration when zero displacement was achieved. It was concluded that MR damper significantly improved car suspension performance compared to passive solutions. This paper developed a single MR vehicle suspension system using the Modified Bouc-Wen model in a Proton Preve.
Improvement Underwater Acoustic Signal De-Noising Based on Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform
Authors: Khalid Ausama , Al-Aboosi Yasin , Shah Nor Shahida Mohd
Published: September 2024

Underwater Acoustic signal denoising is encountering high demand due to the extensive use of acoustic in a lot of underwater applications. Underwater acoustic noise (UWAN) has a high effect on the quality of the acoustic signal therefore, it is always preferred to use a de-noising filter to remove it. In this paper, we propose a filter that utilizes a Complex wavelet transform (CWT) to remove UWAN and help improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the detected acoustic signal. CWT is nearly shift-invariant and offers a good directionality in contrast to normal wavelet transform (DWT). The proposed method was tested using a real recorded UWAN for three depths from the Tigris River. The proposed method was compared with a more conveniently used discrete wavelet transform. The test included using Two signals: fixed frequency and linear modulation signal. De-noising was performed using a soft thresholding technique based on level-dependent threshold estimation. The proposed method showed supreme performance in terms of SNR and root mean square error (RMSE). When the input signal was 5.9 dB and -13.2 dB for SNR and RMSE respectively, the results were 10.9 dB for SNR and -15.7 dB for RMSE in the case of fixed frequency.
A Hybrid for Analyzing Text Streaming Using Data Mining and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Hameed Maysaa , Mahmood Zaki Abdullah  , Ali Khalid Jassim  , Majid M. Al Khalidy Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Human opinions and feelings can be studied and analyzed in various fields. Sentiment analysis divides data into neutral, positive, and negative categories to classify a writer's or speaker's attitude toward various topics or events. This study uses a hybrid approach that combines (Particle_Swarm_Optimization PSO) with machine learning classifiers (Artificial Neural_ Networks ANN, Naïve Base NB, and Support.Vector.Machine SVM). Following the preprocessing phase of each data collection, a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) will be used to create feature vectors, preparing the raw data as a stored labeled dataset with three classes (positive, negative, and natural). After that, with two hidden layers whose parameters were optimized by PSO, this dataset will be prepared for classification using NB, SVM, and ANN. The best results will be obtained with the proposed Artificial Neural Network A.N.N which is close to 99% Acc. value, about SVM Acc. equal to 92%, and NB 89%, better than using the same ML algorithms
Studying the Hygrothermal Effects on the Impact Responses of Composite Materials Under Various Environmental Conditions
Authors: Abbas Flayyih Hasan , Abbas Abdulla Fadhel , Almansoori Alaa
Published: September 2024

The current study focuses on the effects of different weather conditions, including temperature and humidity, on the impact energy properties of composite materials tested using a Charpy impact tester connected to a special hygro-thermal device. This is a unique device, handcrafted and equipped with sensors and control panels The composite materials, used in this study, combine polyester and reinforced with fiberglass in various shapes and loadings. Nanopowder materials including titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3) were also added to the composite materials and their effects were assessed. The obtained results showed that all the different factors studied in this research have a positive effect on the impact test, except the nanomaterials in both cases (Al2O3 and TiO2 nanopowders) at 2 wt.% of the sample and at approximately 10 wt.%.  Hence, at this percentage, there is not enough effect on the impact energy
Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete One-way Slabs with Longitudinal Hollows
Authors: Al-Bayati Jawad , Esraa Kh. Mohsin Abuzaid  , Mohammed Hashim Mohammed
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete one-way slabs with longitudinal hollows. Hollow ratios (weight reductions) used in this work are 11.43% and 22.86%. Two longitudinal reinforcement ratios (ρ = 0.58 % and 1.03 %) and four steel fibers volumetric ratios (Vf = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8%), were used. Results show that slabs with longitudinal hollows having weight reduction up to 22.86%, show reductions in strength (ultimate load) up to 32% and toughness (energy absorption) up to 45% and higher deflections compared to corresponding solid slabs. However, these reductions lowered to 27.5% and 24.5%, respectively using 0.8% steel fibers or 6.3% and 25.5%, respectively by increasing longitudinal reinforcement from 0.58% to 1.03%. Furthermore, increasing longitudinal reinforcement from 0.58% to 1.03% along with using 0.4% steel fibers in a hollow slab gives a strength gain of 17.5% with a reduction in toughness of only 9.8% compared to reference solid slab with 0.58% longitudinal reinforcement and 0% steel fibers. Results also showed that hollow slabs offer stiffer load-deflection behavior (lower deflections) and less maximum crack width as longitudinal reinforcement and/or steel fibers.
Tensile and Impact Properties of Woven Glass Fibers/Epoxy Composites Filled with Short Glass Fibers
Authors: Ward Haider S. , Mostafa Nawras H.
Published: September 2024

Glass fiber/polymer composites are widely utilized in many structural applications because of their high specific strength and stiffness-to-weight ratios. In this study, woven glass fiber/epoxy was hybridized with short glass fibers of different lengths (2, 4, 6, 2+4, 2+6, and 4+6 mm) and contents (3, 6, 9, and 12 wt%) to produce hybrid woven SGF/epoxy composites. Variations in the thickness, fiber volume fraction, density, and void content of the prepared composites were determined. Mechanical tests such as tensile and Charpy impact tests were conducted. Compared to the woven fabric composites without short glass fibers (control samples), the tensile strength increased by approximately 13% at an optimum weight fraction of 3 wt% using short glass fiber lengths of 4 mm. Meanwhile, the incorporation of short glass fibers into the woven glass composites decreased the tensile modulus for all lengths. The maximum enhancement in the impact strength (approximately 14%) was achieved by the hybrid composite samples reinforced with 4 mm of short glass fibers at 3 wt%. This hybrid composite offers 18% and 20% improvements in the specific tensile and impact strengths, respectively. In summary, filling the woven fabric composites with specified short fiber contents and lengths can increase their mechanical performance when resin-rich regions are reinforced with short fibers without forming relatively thick interleaves between the woven fabric plies
Total angular momentum of water molecule and its interaction with a constant magnetic field
Authors: Zepeda Fernández Cristian Heber , López-Téllez C. A. , Flores Orea Y. , Moreno Barbosa E.
Published: September 2024

The water molecule has many biological functions and is one of the most abundant molecules in the human body. Then, in order to carry out a study of the molecule in physical and chemical phenomena, the model used depends on the phenomenon. For some cases, it is necessary to consider the electronic distribution, while in other cases, it is necessary to consider the protons of the hydrogen atoms, for example, to explain the physics in magnetic resonance imaging. In this work, the water molecule model considered is conformed by three particles: The two nuclei of the hydrogen atom and the oxygen atom negatively double charged and unstructured. The spatial wave function and the interaction of the angular momentum of protons with a constant magnetic field has been studied in a previous work. The present work is a completion, in order to have the complete wave function of this model, considering the spin of the protons, where the energy is degenerated (B = 0). Finally, the interaction of the spin of the nuclei of hydrogen atoms with a magnetic field is studied, representing the case of magnetic resonance imaging, where it is obtained a break in the degeneration of the energy levels, which are in the order of radiofrequency.
Are neutrino oscillation mixings linked to the smallness of solar neutrino scale?
Authors: Becerra-García Eduardo , Pérez-Lorenzana Abdel
Published: September 2024

Observed reactor and atmospheric neutrino oscillation mixing values appear to be related to the neutrino scale ratio p ∆m2 sol/∆2 ATM in a way that suggest that the neutrino mass matrix can be expanded as a power series by using this ratio as the smallness parameter. This approach provides a simple and natural way to expose the inner hierarchies among neutrino mass terms, which amounts to also explain the solar oscillation mixing as well as solar oscillation scale. We explore a class of mass matrix textures that realize this scenario, for both normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchies, as well as CP violation and their stability under renormalization scaling.
On the optical characteristics of Cd-Doped gadolinium oxide: A DFT based theoretical study
Authors: Mehmood Malik Sajjad , Wajid Sana , Zubair Muhammad
Published: September 2024

This research investigated the optical characteristics of Cd-doped gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) by employing density functional theory (DFT) along with the CASTEP simulation package. After the creation of a Gd2O3 supercell at an initial [2x1x1] scale, the study evaluated the altered properties of Gd2O3 at the supercell level to assess the impact of Cd-doping on the optical features of doped one. Optical properties which were explored included the examining the dielectric function, refractive index, conductivity, and loss function. The dielectric function exhibited distinct peaks at certain photon energies that corresponded to various electronic transitions between energy levels of the material. The prominent absorption peaks observed in the energy range of 0.174-1.55 eV in the imaginary part of the dielectric function. This was attributed to energy transitions occurring between specific orbitals for pure and Cd-doped gadolinium oxide. The refractive index exhibited stability at lower energy levels, while the conductivity curves displayed excitonic behavior in response to Cd-doping at the supercellular level. Furthermore, the Cd-doping resulted in an increase in absorption, as indicated by the simulated changes in the loss function