bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implicit Attachment Schemas and Therapy Outcome for Panic Disorder Treated with Manualized Confrontation Therapy
Authors: Petrowski Katja , Schmalbach Bjarne , Schurig Susan , Imhoff Roland , Banse Rainer , Strauss Bernhard
Published: September 2019

Background: Different studies have shown that a patient’s attachment correlates with the psychotherapy outcome. However, these findings are based on the traditional interview and paper and pencil attachment methods. Latency-based methods like the Implicit Association Test (IAT) have not yet been investigated in clinical attachment research, specifically in therapy outcome research. Objectives: It can be hypothesized that patients with positive schemas of their mother and their partner may show a better psychotherapeutic outcome than those with less positive schemas of their mother/partner. Method: A sample of 103 patients suffering from panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (age 36.73, SD = 10.80), including 56% of patients with affective or other anxiety disorders as comorbidities without a personality disorder, based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I/II), were treated with a manualized cognitive-behavioral confrontation therapy. Two IATs (for mother and partner) were implemented before the therapy (t1). The symptom reduction was assessed by the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) with symptoms at t1 and IAT at t1 as predictors of symptoms at t2. Results: The results confirmed a moderate to high therapeutic effect of the confrontation therapy. Furthermore, the mother’s IAT at t1 predicted the Global Severity Index (β = 0.20) as well as the Anxiety subscale (β = 0.18) at t2 above and beyond the t1 measurement of the criteria. Conclusions: Implicit attitudes of the mother predicted the symptom reduction and a better therapeutic outcome. Relationship aspects with less impact awareness predicted the therapeutic outcome, even though mostly cognitive-behavioral techniques were used.
Alopecia Secondary to Hyaluronic Acid Embolization: Trichoscopic Findings
Authors: Asz-Sigall Daniel , Iñigo-Gomez Karla , Ortega-Springall María Fernanda , Vega-Memije María Elisa , Arenas Roberto , Tosti Antonella
Published: September 2019

Fillers are frequently used in aesthetic medicine and, although usually safe, complications can occur. Vascular occlusion leading to tissue necrosis is a rare but severe complication. Alopecia after hyaluronic acid injection has been recently reported, being a vascular compromise the most probable physiopathological mechanism. The trichoscopic findings in this entity have not been described yet. A case report of a 30-year-old female who developed this complication following a hyaluronic acid injection as well as the description of the trichoscopic findings are presented in this report.
High Serum Soluble CD27 Level Correlates with Poor Performance Status and Reduced Survival in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Kashima Jumpei , Okuma Yusuke , Hosomi Yukio , Hishima Tsunekazu
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Soluble CD27 (sCD27) is associated with somatic immune reaction status. Moreover, sCD27 level is associated with the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer who receive immunotherapy. Objective: In this study, we assessed sCD27 levels in patients with advanced lung cancer and determined their correlation with survival and clinicopathologic parameters. Methods: Serum samples were collected from patients with advanced lung cancer, and sCD27 was quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association between sCD27 levels and clinicopathologic status and patient survival was retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of 96 patients analyzed, 73 had adenocarcinoma, 7 had squamous cell carcinoma, and 15 had small cell carcinoma. Median serum sCD27 level was 36.54 U/mL (range, undetectable–104.47); this is lower than that previously reported for patients with lung cancer, including those with localized stages. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma had higher sCD27 levels (p = 0.010). Age, performance status, and serum albumin levels were significantly correlated with serum sCD27 level. Patients with high serum sCD27 levels (≥32.52 U/mL; n = 58) had poorer prognosis than those with low serum sCD27 levels (<32.52 U/mL, n = 38; median survival, 7.3 vs. 21.8 months, respectively, p< 0.0001). Conclusions: High sCD27 level is associated with poor prognosis and may reflect the immune-exhausted status of patients with advanced lung cancer.
Study of the Biomechanical and Histological Properties of the Abdominal Aorta of Diabetic Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Barão Felipe Trajano de Freitas , Barão Vivian Helena Pedroso , Gornati Vitor Cervantes , Silvestre Gina Camillo Rocha , Silva Alexandre Queiroz , Lacchini Silvia , de Castro Michele Mazzaron , De Luccia Nelson , da Silva Erasmo Simão
Published: September 2019

Introduction: In spite of the great relevance of abdominal aortic aneurysm, its etiopathogenesis is not fully understood. The biomechanical and histological study of the aortic wall may contribute to this elucidation. Methods: Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control (CG), smoker (SG), diabetic (DG), and diabetic + smoker (DSG). The SG and DSG rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 min/day, 5 days a week. Diabetes was induced by the intravenous injection of streptozotocin. After 16 weeks, the abdominal aorta was collected for biomechanical, histological, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity analyses. Results: The valid biomechanical tests of 52 specimens were analyzed: 11 in the CG, 10 in the DG, 16 in the SG, and 15 in the DSG. The biomechanical analysis of the fragments showed no differences between the control, DG, SG, and DSG. Collagen deposition also did not present a significant difference between the studied groups. The total count of elastic fibers was higher in diabetic rats (DG and DSG) than in the SG. The inflammatory response observed in all experimental groups was significantly more intense than in the CG. Compared to the DSG, MMP-2 activity showed a significant decrease in the DG. Conclusions: Resistance and elasticity did not present a difference between the CG and the DG, SG, and DSG. Compared to the CG, the total count of elastic fibers, fragmentation of the elastic lamina, pericellular matrix deposition, and cell loss/substitution in the tunica media showed significant alterations in the aortic walls of the DG, SG, and DSG. MMP-2 activity was lower in the DG aorta than in the DSG aorta.
Reconstructive Surgery for Intestinal Failure
Authors: Witte Maria B.
Published: September 2019

Background: Intestinal failure (IF) in the adult is the result of a wide spectrum of disease. Acute mesenteric ischemia, postoperative short bowel due to a complicative course, and Crohn’s disease are major causes of IF. Reconstructive surgery in the context of IF comprises a spectrum of procedures including stoma takedown, reversal of laparostomies, and closure of enteric fistulas. Methods: This article is based on a PubMed-based literature search and personal experience in adult patients with IF. Results: This review summarizes therapeutic options of reconstructive surgery in adult patients focusing on the main reasons of IF such as mesenteric ischemia, complicative previous surgery, and Crohn’s disease. Indications and contraindications are discussed as well as the optimal time point of reconstructive surgery. Conclusion: This overview summarizes surgical aspects in a special cohort of patients with a rare disease entity necessitating an interdisciplinary approach.
Becoming a Better College Teacher (If You're Lucky)
Authors: Brighouse Harry
Published: September 2019

This contribution is a narrative of how a professor attempted to improve as a teacher over time. The narrator noticed the need for improvement through teaching a new class badly, and learning that he had no reason to trust that he, or many others, were teaching other classes better. The contribution describes in some detail the steps he took, and continues to take, including observing colleagues, hiring a coach, reviewing videos of his classes, and participating in department workshops. There is no empirical evidence that he has improved, but the narrator provides some reasons for optimism.
Expertise in University Teaching & the Implications for Teaching Effectiveness, Evaluation & Training
Authors: Wieman Carl Edwin
Published: September 2019

Universities face the challenge of how to teach students more complex thinking and problem-solving skills than were widely needed in the past, and how to teach these to a much larger and more diverse student body. Research advances in learning and teaching over the past few decades provide a way to meet these challenges. These advances have established expertise in university teaching: a set of skills and knowledge that consistently achieve better learning outcomes than the traditional and still predominant teaching methods practiced by most faculty. Widespread recognition and adoption of these expert practices will profoundly change the nature of university teaching and have a large beneficial impact on higher education.
The Future of Undergraduate Education: Will Differences across Sectors Exacerbate Inequality?
Authors: Greenstein Daniel I.
Published: September 2019

This essay looks at how different sectors of U.S. higher education are funded, the students they serve, and the outcomes they deliver for those students. It raises serious policy questions about whether the distribution of public funds across this highly segmented industry both reflects and contributes to growing inequality in this country. It also asks whether recent trends in educational innovation and the impact of technology innovation in higher education will exacerbate or ameliorate that inequality. While the evidence is disturbing, the essay concludes optimistically. The past, it suggests, need not be prologue in higher education. The path forward for our industry, while highly constrained, can as yet be shaped through thoughtful, conscious, and analytically driven choices at individual, institutional, and state and federal policy levels.
Mitigating Ethical Costs in the Classroom
Authors: Morton Jennifer M.
Published: September 2019

Students from disadvantaged backgrounds often find that succeeding on the path of upward mobility through education requires that they distance themselves from their communities, family, and friends. This distancing often involves the weakening or loss of aspects of their lives that are meaningful and important to them: their relationships with family and friends, their connection to their communities, and their sense of identity. These goods, by their nature, are not ones that are easily replaced. Yet their loss can be mitigated by the development of new relationships and new communities. In this essay, I argue that colleges and universities have an obligation to facilitate the mitigation of these costs for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Doing so, however, is not as simple as it might seem. These students often feel alienated from campus life outside of the classroom and many do not even attend residential colleges. These two factors suggest that universities and professors will need to take more seriously the classroom as a central site for giving students from disadvantaged backgrounds opportunities to enter into new relationships and find new communities.
The Hermetic Symbolism of Andrei Bely’s History of the Becoming of the Self-Conscious Soul
Authors: Schmitt Angelika
Published: September 2019

This article addresses some of the main theses of the dissertation on Andrei Bely’s opus magnum, The History of the Becoming of the Self-Conscious Soul. Bely’s work on philosophy of culture will be discussed in contrast to Rudolf Steiner and on the basis of a drawing illustrating its content. Convergences and differences concerning the crucial concept of the self-conscious soul with regard to Bely and Steiner are pointed out as well as some peculiarities of Bely’s historiosophical approach. The third part demonstrates the cognitive principles of the self-conscious soul, which for Bely are connected to its development during modern times. They also provide the means for the formation of the poetical structure of Bely’s text. A fourth part provides some examples of the metaphorical level of the text and shows the implications of Bely’s interpretation of the ‘spiral of history’. The last part discusses the definition of Bely’s method as “hermetic symbolism”.
New records of Swiftia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia) from off the Pacific Costa Rican margin, including a new species from methane seeps
Authors: BREEDY ODALISCA , ROUSE GREG W. , STABBINS APRIL , CORTÉS JORGE , CORDES ERIK E.
Published: September 2019

Exploration of the deep sea off the Pacific margin of Costa Rica has resulted in the discovery of a number of new species and reports for the region. Here, we report on the occurrence of the octocoral genus Swiftia, and describe a new species collected by the Alvin submersible off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The new species has been observed at around 1000 m depth, growing on authigenic carbonates near methane seeps. Swiftia sahlingi sp. nov. is characterised by having bright red colonies that are with limited branching, with slightly raised polyp-mounds, thin coenenchyme mainly composed of long warty spindles, and conspicuous plates. A molecular phylogenetic analysis supports the differences between this new taxon and the closest Swiftia species. The new species represents the first record of the genus from Costa Rica and in fact for the Eastern Tropical Pacific.
Interannual Variability of the Tropical Cyclone Landfall Frequency over the Southern and Northern Regions of East Asia in Autumn
Authors: Zhou Xingyan , Lu Riyu
Published: September 2019

This study focused on the interannual variability of tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific in autumn. The results show that the frequencies of TC landfalls in the southern and northern coastal regions of East Asia are roughly independent, implying that they are affected by different factors and should be studied separately. Further analysis indicates that the frequency of TC landfall in the southern region is closely related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation, which affects both the upper- and lower-tropospheric circulation over the western North Pacific and East Asia and induces changes in the steering flow. By contrast, the frequency of TC landfall over the northern region has a close connection with a teleconnection pattern in the upper troposphere over the Eurasian continent, which seems to be triggered by an anomalous Rossby wave source over the North Atlantic. This teleconnection pattern leads to anomalous meridional winds over the western North Pacific and East Asia and induces significant changes in the steering flow.
How Deep Argo Will Improve the Deep Ocean in an Ocean Reanalysis
Authors: Gasparin Florent , Hamon Mathieu , Rémy Elisabeth , Le Traon Pierre-Yves
Published: September 2019

Global ocean sampling with autonomous floats going to 4000–6000 m, known as the deep Argo array, constitutes one of the next challenges for tracking climate change. The question here is how such a global deep array will impact ocean reanalyses. Based on the different behavior of four ocean reanalyses, we first identified that large uncertainty exists in current reanalyses in representing local heat and freshwater fluxes in the deep ocean (1 W m−2 and 10 cm yr−1 regionally). Additionally, temperature and salinity comparison with deep Argo observations demonstrates that reanalysis errors in the deep ocean are of the same size as, or even stronger than, the deep ocean signal. An experimental approach, using the 1/4° GLORYS2V4 (Global Ocean Reanalysis and Simulation) system, is then presented to anticipate how the evolution of the global ocean observing system (GOOS), with the advent of deep Argo, would contribute to ocean reanalyses. Based on observing system simulation experiments (OSSE), which consist in extracting observing system datasets from a realistic simulation to be subsequently assimilated in an experimental system, this study suggests that a global deep Argo array of 1200 floats will significantly constrain the deep ocean by reducing temperature and salinity errors by around 50%. Our results also show that such a deep global array will help ocean reanalyses to reduce error in temperature changes below 2000 m, equivalent to global ocean heat fluxes from 0.15 to 0.07 W m−2, and from 0.26 to 0.19 W m−2 for the entire water column. This work exploits the capabilities of operational systems to provide comprehensive information for the evolution of the GOOS.
An Evaluation of Integrated Water Vapor, Wind, and Precipitation Forecasts Using Water Vapor Flux Observations in the Western United States
Authors: Darby Lisa S. , White Allen B. , Gottas Daniel J. , Coleman Timothy
Published: September 2019

Differences between forecasts and observations at eight atmospheric river observatories (AROs) in the western United States during winter 2015/16 are analyzed. NOAA’s operational RAP and HRRR 3-h forecasts of wind, integrated water vapor (IWV), integrated water vapor flux (IWV flux), and precipitation from the grid points nearest the AROs were paired with ARO observations presented in the NOAA/Physical Sciences Division’s water vapor flux tool (WVFT). The focus of this paper is to characterize and quantify the differences in the WVFT observations and forecasts. We used traditional forecast evaluation methods since they were compatible with the design of the tool: a near-real-time visual depiction of hourly observed and forecasted variables at a single location. Forecast root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) and unbiased RMSEs, standard deviations of the observed and forecasted variables, and frequency bias scores (FBS) for all of the fields, plus equitable threat scores for precipitation, are presented. Both models forecasted IWV at all AROs and the winds that drive orographic precipitation at most AROs within a reasonable range of the observations as indicated by comparisons of the standard deviations and RMSEs of the forecasts with the standard deviations of the observations and FBS. These results indicated that forecasted advection of moisture to the stations was adequate for generating precipitation. At most stations and most hourly precipitation rates, the HRRR underpredicted precipitation. At several AROs the RAP precipitation forecasts more closely matched the observations at smaller (<1.27 mm h−1) precipitation rates, but underpredicted precipitation rates > 2 mm h−1.
Alkaptonuria – Many questions answered, further challenges beckon
Authors: Davison AS , Hughes AT , Milan AM , Sireau N , Gallagher JA , Ranganath LR
Published: September 2019

Alkaptonuria is an iconic rare inherited inborn error of metabolism affecting the tyrosine metabolic pathway, resulting in the accumulation of homogentisic acid in the circulation, and significant excretion in urine. Dating as far back as 1500 BC in the Egyptian mummy Harwa, homogentisic acid was shown to be central to the pathophysiology of alkaptonuria through its deposition in collagenous tissues in a process termed ochronosis. Clinical manifestations occurring as a consequence of this are typically observed from the third decade of life, are lifelong and significantly affect the quality of life. In large supportive and palliative treatment measures are available to patients, including analgesia, physiotherapy and joint replacement. Studying the natural history of alkaptonuria, in a murine model and human subjects, has provided key insights into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology associated with the disease, and has enabled a better understanding of the common disease osteoarthritis. In the last decade, a major focus has been on an unlicensed disease-modifying therapy called nitisinone. This has been shown to be highly efficacious in reducing homogentisic acid, and it is hoped this will halt ochronosis, thus limiting the clinical complications associated with the disease. A well-documented metabolic consequence of nitisinone therapy is hypertyrosinaemia, the clinical implications of which are uncertain. Recent metabolomic studies have helped understand the wider metabolic consequences of nitisinone therapy.
A review of the clinical utility of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test in multiple aetiologies of chronic liver disease
Authors: Patel Preya Janubhai , Connoley Declan , Rhodes Freya , Srivastava Ankur , Rosenberg William
Published: September 2019

The rising incidence of chronic liver disease continues to be an increasing health burden. The morbidity and mortality associated with chronic liver disease typically occur in patients with advanced fibrosis. Hence, early identification of those at-risk is of vital importance to ensure appropriate ongoing management. Currently, tools for appropriate risk stratification remain limited. Increasing awareness of the limitations of liver biopsy has driven research into alternative non-invasive methods of fibrosis assessment including serological markers assessing functional changes. One such biomarker, the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test, was initially validated in a cohort of 1021 patients with mixed aetiology chronic liver disease and shown to perform well. Since this pathfinder study, it has been independently validated in cohorts of hepatitis C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. In addition to performing well as a diagnostic tool, the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test has been shown to outperform liver biopsy in prognostic studies and is the only non-invasive marker to do so. However, questions remain regarding the use of this test, particularly regarding the possible effect age and alcohol may have on test scores. This review examines the current literature published in relation to the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test and its clinical utility and highlights areas requiring further study.
Bureaucracy and the Failure of Politics: Challenges to Democratic Governance
Authors: Meier Kenneth J. , Compton Mallory , Polga-Hecimovich John , Song Miyeon , Wimpy Cameron
Published: September 2019

Bureaucratic reforms worldwide seek to improve the quality of governance. In this article, we argue that the major governance failures are political, not bureaucratic, and the first step to better governance is to recognize the underlying political causes. Using illustrations from throughout the world, we contend that political institutions fail to provide clear policy goals, rarely allocate adequate resources to deal with the scope of the problems, and do not allow the bureaucracy sufficient autonomy in implementation. Rational bureaucratic responses to these problems, in turn, create additional governance problems that could have been avoided if political institutions perform their primary functions.
Presidential Control and Turnover in Regulatory Personnel
Authors: Doherty Kathleen M. , Lewis David E. , Limbocker Scott
Published: September 2019

Career executives often occupy administrative positions that determine the pace and content of policy, such as those responsible for developing regulations. Yet, presidential administrations need control over these positions to achieve policy aims. This article considers the extent to which new presidential administrations marginalize career executives in key regulatory positions by transferring responsibilities to another individual and whether the mere expectation of political conflict with a new administration drives career regulators from their positions. Using unique new data on 866 career regulators that led major rulemaking efforts between 1995 and 2013, we demonstrate that turnover among career executives in key regulatory positions increases following a party change in the White House. Turnover also increases during a presidential election year, but this effect is conditioned by bureaucrats’ expectations of the election outcome. Finally, career executives are more likely to depart in response to favorable labor market conditions. Given our findings that turnover in regulatory responsibilities is driven both by presidential marginalization and strategic exit by bureaucrats, we conclude with implications for presidential efforts to control the administrative state.
A new palliative treatment for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yang Yunning , Xu Yuanyuan , Nie You , Wang Hongwei , Long Shan , Li Xiaosong
Published: September 2019

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare haematological malignancy that derives from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The cancer is characterized by aggressive development and dismal prognosis, and due to limited prospective study, there is currently no established standard treatment. In this study, the case of a 77-year old female patient with BPDCN, who presented with a cutaneous lesion on the right of her face, is described. The lesion developed into a serious ulcer due to rapid disease progress, thus, a surgical excision was performed. As the patient refused to receive radiotherapy or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation following surgery, a new palliative combination chemotherapy was administered, comprising gemcitabine, nedaplatin and bleomycin. The therapy gave satisfactory results in terms of short-term treatment response and was well-tolerated. Published literature regarding BPDCN is also reviewed.
Direct foraminoplasty in endoscope-assisted transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Zhang Yuan-Wei , Xia Wen-Han , Gao Wen-Cheng , Xiao Xin , Xiao Yan , Gong Fei-Peng
Published: September 2019

Objective

As a new minimally invasive surgery developed in recent years, the procedure of endoscope-assisted transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has not been well described. We herein describe a patient with lumbar disc herniation who underwent direct foraminoplasty and thorough decompression using a self-designed endoscopic trephine in endoscope-assisted TLIF at L4–5.

Methods

A 57-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of low back and right leg pain. Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging indicated protrusion of the L4–5 intervertebral disc in the right posterior direction. The patient underwent endoscopic surgery involving direct foraminoplasty, removal of the L4–5 intervertebral disc, and thorough decompression around the nerve roots.

Results

During the 1-year follow-up, the patient was generally in good condition and had no significant limitation of lumbar spine activity.

Conclusions

Endoscopic resection for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation is not a novel concept, but the improvement in the efficacy of endoscope-assisted TLIF and other endoscope-assisted spinal surgeries deserves to be reported. Through the innovation and improvement of surgical equipment for endoscope-assisted TLIF, direct foraminoplasty and thorough decompression can be effectively realized. These advances will help to promote the postoperative efficacy and enhance the prognosis.
Regional delineation of China based on commuting flows
Authors: Mu Xiaoyan , Yeh Anthony Gar-On
Published: September 2019

Delineating functional regions by association and connectivity has attracted much attention in urban and regional studies. Commuting ties reflect the social and economic interactions between places. However, most commuting studies are at the city level. A national-scale commuting map of China has not been drawn. This study employs computational and visual methods to model and visualize the commuting flows between county-level units. We use a dataset extracted from the 2015 One Percent Population Sample Survey of China provided by the National Bureau of Statistics. China can be algorithmically divided into new commuting regions based on the functional network of commuting flows. The results provide a valuable perspective to understand how people live, work and move across boundaries of administrative units in a daily urban system. Different administrative units in the same commuting region should have inter-jurisdictional cooperation to improve the efficiency of resource allocation and maximize the benefits of investments. We suggest that policy makers take commuting regions that cross administrative units into account when making regional transportation, trans-territorial infrastructure or investment decisions.
A tale of two inequalities: Housing-wealth inequality and tenure inequality
Authors: Christophers Brett
Published: September 2019

The growing significance of housing to wealth inequality in Western societies is now well recognised and widely debated. This paper argues that understanding of the nature and causes of this problem and discussions of potential approaches to addressing it through progressive policy responses are both hampered by adopting a partial perspective on the housing question. Focusing singularly on ownership – how it has been idealised and subsidised, how it might be democratised and so forth – has led to scholars and policymakers tending to neglect the other main tenure form, in strict relation with which ownership always exists both materially and discursively: rental. We can neither understand why and how today’s asset-based inequalities have materialised nor plot realistic and meaningful policy responses unless we conceptualise and approach ownership and rental relationally. Using the United Kingdom and Swedish cases as exemplars, and examining how relevant national policy realities and logics have been constructed over time, the paper further argues that the emergence of significant asset-based inequalities in recent decades is rooted in the policy-driven emergence of significant inequalities – ideological as much as economic – between tenure forms, whereby ownership has increasingly been privileged over rental. If Western societies are to have any credible prospect of reducing existing property asset-based inequalities, preventing those inequalities from being reproduced within younger generations and limiting the likelihood of the re-emergence of comparable inequalities in the future, (re)instituting principles and practices of tenure equality should be made a primary political and policy objective.
The Gut Microbiome and Mental Health: What Should We Tell Our Patients?: Le microbiote Intestinal et la Santé Mentale : que Devrions-Nous dire à nos Patients?
Authors: Butler Mary I. , Mörkl Sabrina , Sandhu Kiran V. , Cryan John F. , Dinan Timothy G.
Published: September 2019

The gut microbiome as a potential therapeutic target for mental illness is a hot topic in psychiatry. Trillions of bacteria reside in the human gut and have been shown to play a crucial role in gut–brain communication through an influence on neural, immune, and endocrine pathways. Patients with various psychiatric disorders including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder have been shown to have significant differences in the composition of their gut microbiome. Enhancing beneficial bacteria in the gut, for example, through the use of probiotics, prebiotics, or dietary change, has the potential to improve mood and reduce anxiety in both healthy people and patient groups. Much attention is being given to this subject in the general media, and patients are becoming increasingly interested in the potential to treat mental illness with microbiome-based therapies. It is imperative that those working with people with mental illness are aware of the rationale and current evidence base for such treatment strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the gut microbiome, what it is, and what it does in relation to gut–brain communication and psychological function. We describe the fundamental principles and basic techniques used in microbiome–gut–brain axis research in an accessible way for a clinician audience. We summarize the current evidence in relation to microbiome-based strategies for various psychiatric disorders and provide some practical advice that can be given to patients seeking to try a probiotic for mental health benefit.
Randall Collins on status groups and statuses
Authors: Barnes Barry
Published: September 2019

This paper focuses on what could be learned about statuses and status groups from the work of Randall Collins in the 1980s, and in particular from Weberian Sociological Theory (1986). I mention how I myself found this book useful at that time to further my own work in the sociology of science and in sociological theory, and emphasise its value in appreciating the fundamental and irremediable deficiencies of individualistic rational choice theory in both contexts. I go on to note how Collins, a ‘macro’ sociologist in the 1980s, was nonetheless well aware of the indispensable role of micro-sociology in advancing the fundamental understanding of the field as a whole, and his singling out of Erving Goffman and Harold Garfinkel as primus inter pares for their special theoretical importance at this time. I say a little about why these two did indeed have much to contribute to an understanding of statuses and of status groups and still do even today, and end by noting how effectively Collins has used and built upon the work of Goffman in particular since the 1980s.
Publishing Productivity of Sociologists at American Colleges and Universities: Institution Type, Gender, and Other Correlates of Book and Article Counts
Authors: Wilder Esther Isabelle , Walters William H.
Published: September 2019

This study examines the 2013–2017 publishing productivity of sociology faculty at six types of colleges and universities (e.g., research universities, master’s institutions, and top liberal arts colleges) based on publication counts for articles, articles in high-impact journals, books, and books from high-impact publishers. We compare the productivity of groups based on institution type, gender, academic rank, years of experience, and reputation of PhD-granting institution. Our age-cohort data suggest that differentials in productivity among institution types have diminished in recent decades. The top universities are losing ground, in relative terms, while faculty at other types of institutions are more productive now than in the past. Our results for gender are unlike those reported in previous research, revealing (1) higher productivity for women than for men across most institution types and (2) the absence of any gender differential for all institution types combined. Our data also show that book and article counts are virtually unrelated, that faculty at the top liberal arts colleges have the highest average book counts, and that there is great variation in productivity within every institution type. In general, associate professors, faculty with fewer than 17 years of experience, and faculty with doctorates from top universities are especially productive.
(Mis)matching: Journalistic uses of gender pronouns and names can influence implicit attitudes toward transgender people, perceived news content credibility, and perceived reporter professionalism
Authors: Li Minjie
Published: September 2019

The emerging transgender phenomenon has ignited the national debate on journalistic practices of reporting on transgender issues. This study, via an experiment, investigates the effects of the journalistic uses of gender pronouns and names. The findings revealed that among the participants exposed to stories using male names, female pronouns elicited more negative implicit attitudes toward transgender people. Using the transgender subject’s preferred pronouns elicited more perceived news content credibility and perceived reporter professionalism.
Childhood Small Vessel Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: A Treatable Cause of Super-refractory Status Epilepticus
Authors: Chiu Michelle , Datta Anita
Published: September 2019

Childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system (cPACNS) is a rare inflammatory disease of brain vessels. The small vessel subtype is diagnosed on brain biopsy and often presents with cognitive and behavioral changes, headaches, and seizures. However, there are few reported cases of super-refractory status epilepticus in children. We present a case of small vessel cPACNS complicated by super-refractory status epilepticus requiring burst suppression for 4 weeks in addition to multiple antiseizure medications and the ketogenic diet. Our patient was also treated with intravenous and oral steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and cyclophosphamide before starting maintenance therapy with mycophenolate mofetil. After prolonged rehabilitation, he recovered almost completely and has a normal neurologic examination with rare epileptiform activity on electroencephalogram (EEG). This is one of the longest cases of status epilepticus in small vessel cPACNS in the literature. We illustrate that super-refractory status epilepticus can be the first manifestation of small vessel cPACNS in previously healthy children and that symptomatic management of seizures with concurrent immunosuppression to treat the underlying pathology resulted in favorable neurologic outcomes.
Motivational Influences and Trajectories to Violence in the Context of Major Mental Illness
Authors: Penney Stephanie R. , Morgan Andrew , Simpson Alexander I. F.
Published: September 2019

Developmental trajectories regarding the age onset of violence and offending have not routinely considered the role of major mental illness (MMI). In parallel, despite several studies investigating the relationship between MMI, violence and offending, fewer have identified motivational processes that may link illness to these outcomes in a more direct and proximal manner. This study investigates whether subtypes of forensic psychiatric patients deemed Not Criminally Responsible on account of Mental Disorder ( N = 91) can be identified based on the age onset of mental illness and offending behavior, and whether information on motivational influences for offending—elicited both from the patient directly and detailed collateral information—contributes to the clinical utility of this typology. Results indicated that most patients reported engaging in violence (51%) or antisocial behaviors (72%) prior to the onset of MMI, but that the index offense(s) resulting in forensic admission were predominantly psychotically motivated. In contrast to patients for whom the onset of MMI occurred prior to offending, patients exhibiting premorbid violence had higher levels of risk and criminogenic need; they were more likely to be diagnosed with personality and substance use disorders, and to have conventional (i.e., non-illness-related) motivations ascribed to their index offense. Findings are consistent with the existing literature regarding subgroups of mentally disordered offenders, but provide new information regarding proximal risk factors for violence through better identification of motivational processes.
Dehulled coffee husk-based biocomposites for green building materials
Authors: Ilangovan Manikandan , Guna Vijaykumar , Hu Chunyan , Takemura Akio , Leman Zulkiflle , Reddy Narendra
Published: September 2019

In this work, coffee husk (CH) was used as a reinforcement for polypropylene (PP) to fabricate bio-based composites by compression molding. The effects of three different ratios of CH/PP (70:30, 80:20, 90:10 wt%/wt%) and densities (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 g cm−3) on the mechanical properties, flame retardancy, water stability, sound, and thermal insulation were studied. Results revealed that the 1.0 g cm−3 composite at 80:20 ratio had the highest tensile and flexural strength (24.5 and 21.5 MPa, respectively). With increase in density, the water stability and flame retardancy of the composites improved. The 1.0 g cm−3 80:20 ratio CH/PP composites had the highest sound absorption coefficient of 0.9 and thermal insulation coefficient of 51.8 mW mK−1, which is within the acceptable range of standards for insulation materials according to TS 805 EN 601 standards. CH/PP composites exhibit favorable properties to be used in false ceiling and insulation panels.
Iatrogenic Opiate Withdrawal in Pediatric Patients: Implementation of a Standardized Methadone Weaning Protocol and Withdrawal Assessment Tool
Authors: Walters Ryan A. , Izquierdo Michael , Rodriguez Juan Carlos , Stevens Joanie Spiro , Lavandosky Gerald
Published: September 2019

Methadone is frequently used to prevent withdrawal symptoms secondary to intended therapeutic opiate exposure. Absence of a standardized dose weaning strategy potentially results in increased exposure to narcotics and/or withdrawal symptoms. We sought to quantify the effect of implementing a standardized methadone weaning protocol and withdrawal assessment tool on methadone exposure and opiate withdrawal in pediatric patients receiving 5 or more days of continuous morphine or fentanyl infusions. The preintervention phase included patients weaned off of opiate infusions before implementation of a standardized weaning protocol and withdrawal symptom scoring tool. Patients in the postintervention phase were started on a standardized methadone wean based on total duration and dose of continuous opiate infusion exposure in the 24 hours preceding methadone initiation. Patients received either a 5- or 10-day wean, with the total daily methadone dose reduced by 20% daily or every other day, respectively. Patients in the postintervention phase were monitored for withdrawal using the withdrawal assessment tool (WAT-1). Postintervention patients were compared to preintervention patients treated with methadone. Total methadone duration decreased significantly from a median of 17 (13-22 interquartile range [IQR]) to 5 (5-10 IQR) days ( P = .00001) after implementation of the methadone weaning protocol. Number of morphine boluses administered increased from a median of 3 (0-6 IQR) to 4 (0-5 IQR) doses per patient ( P = .45). Demographic data were similar between both groups. Patients in the postintervention phase had significant reductions in methadone exposure after implementation of a standardized methadone weaning protocol and assessment tool.
Dynamic behavior of particulate metal matrix nanocomposite plates under low velocity impact
Authors: Rasoolpoor M , Ansari R , Hassanzadeh-Aghdam MK
Published: September 2019

The main purpose of this work is to investigate low velocity impact behavior of metal matrix nanocomposite plates reinforced with silicon carbide nanoscale particles. First, a micromechanical model is proposed to predict the effective mechanical properties of metal matrix nanocomposites. Two features of the nanocomposite microstructure affecting the elastic properties, including agglomerated state of silicon carbide nanoparticles and size factor, are taken into account in the micromechanical simulation. Then, finite element method is used to analyze the time histories of contact force and center deflection of silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix nanocomposite plates. Several detailed parametric studies are accomplished to explore the influence of volume fraction, diameter and dispersion type of silicon carbide nanoparticles, spherical impactor velocity and diameter, plate dimensions, as well as different boundary conditions on the dynamic response of metal matrix nanocomposite plates. The presented approach accuracy is verified with the available open literature results displaying a clear agreement. The results indicate that adding the silicon carbide nanoparticles into the metal matrix materials leads to a reduction in plate center deflection and an increase in contact force between the plate and projectile. Moreover, it is found that the nanoparticle agglomeration dramatically decreases the contact force and increases the center deflection of metal matrix nanocomposite plates.
Machinability of enamel under grinding process using diamond dental burrs
Authors: Li Quan-Zhou , Wang Cheng-Yong , Zheng Li-Juan , Zhao Dan-Na , Zeng Chao-Feng
Published: September 2019

Enamel grinding is a critical dental surgery process. However, tooth damage during the process remains a significant problem. Grinding forces, burr wear, and surface quality were characterised in relation to grinding speed, enamel orientation, grinding depth, and burr grit grain size. Results indicated that enamel rod orientation, grinding depth, and grinding speed critically affected enamel grinding. Occlusal surface grinding resulted in significantly higher normal forces, surface roughness, and marginally greater tangential forces than axial surface grinding. Damage to enamel machined surfaces indicated the significant impact of diamond grit size and rod orientation. Burr wear was primarily diamond grit peeling off and breakage. Surface roughness of axial and occlusal sections was largely influenced by grinding speed and diamond grit size. Improving the surface quality of machined enamel surfaces could be realised using fine burrs, reducing the grinding speed and grinding depth, and adjusting the feed direction vertical to the rod orientation. Enamel surface quality and roughness could be improved by reducing brittle failure and circular runout during the grinding process, respectively.
Crowding and Binding: Not All Feature Dimensions Behave in the Same Way
Authors: Yashar Amit , Wu Xiuyun , Chen Jiageng , Carrasco Marisa
Published: September 2019

Humans often fail to identify a target because of nearby flankers. The nature and stages at which this crowding occurs are unclear, and whether crowding operates via a common mechanism across visual dimensions is unknown. Using a dual-estimation report ( N = 42), we quantitatively assessed the processing of features alone and in conjunction with another feature both within and between dimensions. Under crowding, observers misreported colors and orientations (i.e., reported a flanker value instead of the target’s value) but averaged the target’s and flankers’ spatial frequencies (SFs). Interestingly, whereas orientation and color errors were independent, orientation and SF errors were interdependent. These qualitative differences of errors across dimensions revealed a tight link between crowding and feature binding, which is contingent on the type of feature dimension. These results and a computational model suggest that crowding and misbinding are due to pooling across a joint coding of orientations and SFs but not of colors.
Freezing time, preparing for the future: The stockpile as a temporal matter of security
Authors: Folkers Andreas
Published: September 2019

This article analyses stockpiling as a security device that hoards time, stores power and buffers disruptions. The stockpile is a temporal matter of security by virtue of its ability to freeze time and to prepare for future emergencies. Stockpiling is informed by anticipations of threats but also materially underpins expectations. After unpacking the temporal ontology of stockpiling, the article traces its history as a security device and technology of power. Stockpiling enabled the emergence of the earliest states by establishing the means to store surpluses and centralize power. In modernity, stores became more dispersed as money, commodity exchange and new infrastructures made it possible to procure resources through circulation. In the 20th century, stockpiling became a reflexive security device reactive to risks associated with the disruption of these circulations. Finally, the article illuminates the role of reserves in contemporary German catastrophe preparedness to show that stockpiling remains an important security technique. Yet fiscal austerity and budgetary constraints limit security stockpiling. To compensate for the absence of public security stores, the government is prompting citizens to establish emergency stockpiles. The article offers a theoretical, historical and empirical engagement with stockpiling and thereby further elucidates the material politics of anticipation.