bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comment avancer sur la route à la fois ordinaire et tout à fait singulière d’une parentalité extraordinaire ?
Authors: Baron-Quillevere Michèle
Published: October 2018

Quelles sont les représentations de la parentalité qui sont aujourd’hui désignées comme « nouvelles » ? La « nouveauté » se joue-t-elle dans les pratiques parentales ou dans des configurations familiales ? Cet article sous forme d’un dialogue entre Pierre, papa de Marie, et la directrice du camsp où il l’accompagne chaque semaine invite le lecteur à découvrir la réalité d’une homoparentalité. De façon sensible et authentique Pierre se livre sur son désir d’enfant, sur la découverte du retard de développement de Marie, les doutes traversés, les préjugés qui ne manquent pas de faire irruption au détour du quotidien mais aussi le bonheur que lui procure cette parentalité singulière et si extra-ordinaire…
Devenir parent lorsqu’on adopte un enfant au-delà de sa première année
Authors: Ozoux-Teffaine Ombline
Published: October 2018

L’auteur expose les différentes périodes de la vie en adoption chez de futurs parents et les effets psychiques d’une inscription au sein de leur famille de l’enfant adopté au-delà de la première année de vie. La parentalité adoptive va s’assurer au fil du temps, par le fait même que les parents résisteront aux projections qui s’opèrent sur eux, de l’originaire de l’enfant, à la rencontre de leurs propres origines.
Mise en accord et respect de la chose convenue chez les N’zima de Côte d’Ivoire et du Ghana
Authors: Agbroffi Diamoi Joachim
Published: October 2018

Chez les N’zima de Côte d’Ivoire et du Ghana, de nombreuses institutions favorisent la mise en accord des individus et des groupes ; cet article les commente. Elles s’articulent autour de la notion du respect de la chose convenue, adossé à des jurements sur de grands malheurs publics, et sur des dispositifs permettant d’assurer le succès des négociations et des médiations : vacance judiciaire, immunité pour les médiateurs et négociateurs, retrait de souveraineté des gouvernants, etc. L’article se conclut par quelques enseignements.
Conclure une charte-partie entre affréteurs et armateurs : une transaction pivot opérée par les courtiers d’affrètement maritime
Authors: Chevalier Christophe
Published: October 2018

Le courtier d’affrètement maritime est un intermédiaire de marché dont la place et le rôle sont peu connus au sein du transport maritime. Il conduit pourtant la négociation des clauses de la charte-partie, document indispensable pour l’affrètement maritime au voyage. Le courtier est à la fois le facilitateur, le négociateur et le traducteur de la charte-partie. Le temps particulier de la négociation offre une illustration intéressante du concept de transaction-pivot. Celle-ci marque le basculement de la sphère terrestre à la sphère maritime. Ce professionnel évolue au sein de logiques relationnelles complexes entre le fréteur qui dispose d’un navire et l’affréteur qui a une marchandise à transporter.
L’avortement dans le monde. État des lieux des législations, mesures, tendances et conséquences
Authors: Guillaume Agnès , Rossier Clémentine
Published: October 2018

L’avortement est une pratique de régulation de la fécondité utilisée par les femmes en cas d’absence ou d’échec de la contraception. Les législations régulant sa pratique vont, selon les pays, de l’autorisation à la demande de la femme à un accès restrictif voire une interdiction totale. Lorsqu'il est acquis, ce droit est fréquemment remis en question. Les débats entourant la légalisation se centrent sur le droit des femmes, celui de l’embryon et les conséquences sanitaires des avortements non sécurisés. Mais légal ou interdit, les femmes du monde entier recourent à l’avortement, avec de grandes disparités dans l’intensité de sa pratique et de ses conséquences sanitaires et sociales. Les niveaux de sécurité de l’avortement sont divers dans le monde (avortement sécurisé, à risque modéré ou grave), mais ce sont améliorés avec la diffusion de l’avortement médicamenteux, en particulier dans certains pays où l’accès légal est restreint, se substituant aux méthodes les plus à risque. Les données disponibles sont très hétérogènes : des statistiques sanitaires dans les pays où il est légal, aux données d’enquêtes à complétudes variables, en passant par des estimations sophistiquées dans les pays où son accès légal est restreint.
Recours au congé parental chez les immigrés pères d’un premier enfant en Suède : la durée passée dans le pays compte-t-elle ?
Authors: Mussino Eleonora , Duvander Ann-Zofie , Ma Li , Talaga Leslie
Published: October 2018

L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner entre 1995 et 2010 le recours au congé parental chez les immigrés pères d’un premier enfant en Suède. Cela permet notamment d’évaluer dans quelle mesure les politiques familiales permettent de favoriser l’intégration, car cela reflète la participation au marché du travail et l’acceptation des normes d’égalité en termes de parentalité. À partir des données des registres suédois, cette étude montre que les pères immigrés utilisent le congé parental, mais moins que les pères natifs de Suède, et répondent de façon inégale aux changements de politiques familiales. Cependant, la longueur du congé utilisé par les pères immigrés augmente en fonction de la durée de leur séjour en Suède, ce qui révèle une adaptation aux comportements des pères natifs. Par ailleurs, les revenus ainsi que les caractéristiques de la mère sont des facteurs déterminants du recours au congé parental des pères immigrés.
Strategic consensus between functions and the role of supply chain technology as moderator
Authors: Kusmantini Titik , Haryono Tulus , Untoro Wisnu , Setiawan Ahmad Ikhwan
Published: October 2018

Purpose: This study aims to identify whether the degree of fit of the correlation between high supply chain and manufacturing strategy will result in a better performance.Design/methodology/approach: Strategic alignment test between the functions uses 102 SMEs in Yogyakarta as, Indonesia with purposive sampling technique. The data are collected by distributing questionnaires to the companies that qualify the criteria of the sample, respondent target are procurement manager, production and IT.Findings: Samples are grouped into two ideal types of strategies used mean split technique. 53 SMEs adopt ASCS (Agile Supply Chain Strategy) and 49 SMEs adopt LSCS (Lean Supply Chain Strategy). Two of the strategy groups have a low value of misfit score; it means that the degree of fit between supply chain strategy and manufacturing strategy is high. The result of simple regression test by using one side technique shows that a regression coefficient values is negative both in LSCS and ASCS group, but the hypothesis test is only proven on ASCS group while LSCS group is not significant.Research limitations/implications: (1) The empirical finding of bivariate fit model test encourage a research space to explore the other contingent variable besides manufacturing strategy. For example, business and information technology strategy; (2) The measurement of the company performance becomes the objective of the success of the alignment of supply chain strategy with the contingent variable which should be specified using the performance variable of the supply chain.Originality/value: The use of Euclidean distance formula is expected to cover the technical limitations of contingency test by using interaction approach between the complex variables; the value of misfit score reflects the extent to which program alignment between the company functions.
Dual Solutions for Unsteady Stagnation-Point Flow of Prandtl Nanofluid Past a Stretching/shrinking Plate
Authors: Mahanthesh Basavarajappa , Gireesha Bijjanal Jayanna
Published: October 2018

Dual solutions for the time-dependent flow of a Prandtl fluid containing nanoparticles along a stretching/shrinking surface are presented. The nano Prandtl fluid fills the porous stretching/shrinking surface. The Buongiorno model is employed by accounting Brownian motion and thermophoresis slip mechanisms in the analysis. The relevant nonlinear problem is treated numerically via Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg scheme. The flow profiles are scrutinized with respect to the different governing parameters. Results of this study indicate that the temperature boundary layer thickness increased due to the influence of nanoparticles.
Impact of Soret and Dufour Numbers on MHD Casson Fluid Flow Past an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Non-Uniform Heat Source/Sink
Authors: Reddy Janke Venkata Ramana , Sugunamma Vangala , Sandeep N.
Published: October 2018

Present study deals with the impact of cross diffusion on Casson fluid flow in the presence of Lorentz force. Flow is caused by the exponential stretching of surface in two lateral directions. The influence of space dependent varying heat sink/source is also contemplated. The basic governing equations are first converted into system of ODEs and then solved using an efficient numerical procedure namely R.K. based shooting technique. From the solution we found that flow is affected by some physical parameters like Casson parameter, non uniform heat parameters, Soret and Dufour numbers etc. Hence the impact of such parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles is shown via plots. Further the friction factor, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also calculated and given in tables. Results indicate that an increase in the Casson parameter enhances the temperature and concentration fields. Dufour and Soret numbers have tendency to enhance temperature and concentration fields respectively.
Mixed Convection 3D Radiating Flow and Mass Transfer of Eyring-Powell Nanofluid with Convective Boundary Condition
Authors: Sampath Kumar Poojari Borappa , Mahanthesh Basavarajappa , Gireesha Bijjanal Jayanna , Manjunatha S.
Published: October 2018

Three-dimensional mixed convection flow, heat and mass transfer of Eyring-powell fluid over a convectively heated stretched sheet is inspected in this paper. The encouragement of Brownian motion, Thermophoresis and thermal radiations are accounted. Appropriate transformations are used to reduce the principal PDE’s into set of coupled highly non-linear ODE’s which are then solved numerically using RKF fourth-fifth order method. The consequence of several parameters on flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics are deliberated with the help of graphs and tables. It is observed that, the temperature and concentration profiles diminish for higher values mixed convection parameter.
Cross Diffusion Effects on Heat and Mass Transfer Micropolar Fluid Flow Past a Stretching Surface
Authors: Kumar B. Rushi , Kumar M. Satish , Sandeep N. , Sivaraj R.
Published: October 2018

Through this study, we investigated the influence of nonlinear thermal radiation, Soret and Dufour effects on unsteady mixed convection boundary flow of micropolar fluid past a stretching sheet. The governing equations of the flow, heat and mass transfer are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using self-similarity transformation and solved numerically using bvp4c Matlab package. The influence of various non-dimensional governing parameters on velocity, microrotation, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed and presented with the help of the graphs. Also computed the friction factor, heat and mass transfer rates and presented through tables. Result indicates by increasing the radiation parameter, an improvement is observed in both friction factor and mass transfer rates. .
Non-Uniform Heat Source/Sink and Joule Heating Effects on Chemically Radiative MHD Mixed Convective Flow of Micropolar Fluid over a Stretching Sheet in Porous Medium
Authors: Kumar G. Charan , Reddy Konda Jayarami , Konijeti Rama Krishna , Reddy M. Narendradh
Published: October 2018

This article describes the effects of Joule heating and chemical reaction on unsteady MHD mixed convective micropolar fluid over a stretching sheet in presence of radiation, non-uniform heat source and porous medium. The arising non-linear coupled partial differential equations are reduced to a set of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations and then solved numerically by using the Runge– Kutta–Fehlberg fourth–fifth order method along shooting technique. The graphical and tabular results elucidate the influence of different non-dimensional governing parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration fields along with the wall friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. We found the dual nature of the solutions for suction and injection cases. A good agreement of the present results has been observed by comparing with the existing literature results.
Slip Effects on MHD Convective Two-Phaseparticulate Suspension Flow in a Divergent Channel
Authors: Ramprasad S. , Subba Bhatta S.H.C.V. , Mallikarjuna B.
Published: October 2018

Mathematical model has been analyzed on MHD convective two-phase flow in a divergent channel with viscous dissipation. The effects of velocity and temperature slip are considered. The relevant governing equations are non-dimensionalised with the help of appropriate transformations and then solved numerically. The present results overlooked with existing results and found in an excellent agreement. Effects of emerging parameters on the flow are discussed and demonstrated graphically. Graphical aid is also used to present the variations in skin friction and Nusselt number. It is found that an increase in velocity slip, the velocities of fluid as well as particle phases are increased. An increase in temperature slip, the temperature of fluid phase gets decreased. KEY WORDS:Particulate suspension, two-phase flow, diverging channel,Slip effects
Modeling Thermal Conductivity Ratio of CuO/Ethylene Glycol Nanofluid by Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Alhuyi Nazari Mohammad , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Lorenzini Giulio , Maddah Heydar , Fahim Alavi Morteza , Ghasempour Roghayeh
Published: October 2018

The thermal conductivity of nanofluids depends on several factors such as temperature, concentration, and temperature. These parameters have the most significant effect on thermal conductivity compared with other factors. In the present study, the accuracy of trained Perceptron neural network with 10 neurons and three input variables including size of nanoparticles, temperature, and concentration is evaluated. The sum of squared errors and the correlation coefficient of the trained neural network are equal to 0.99293 and 0.00031, respectively.
Ferrofluid Convection in a Lid-Driven Cavity
Authors: Selimefendigil Fatih , Chamkha Ali Jawad
Published: October 2018

This study numerically investigates the mixed convection of ferrofluids in a partially heated lid driven square enclosure. The heater is located to the left vertical wall and the right vertical wall is kept at constant lower temperature while other walls of the cavity are assumed to be adiabatic. The governing equations are solved with Galerkin weighted residual finite element method. The influence of the Richardson number (between 0.01 and 100), heater location (between 0.25 H and 0.75H), strength of the magnetic dipole (between 0 and 4), and horizontal location of the magnetic dipole source (between-2H and-0.5H) on the fluid flow and heat transfer are numerically investigated. It is found that local and averaged heat transfer deteriorates with increasing values of Richardson number and magnetic dipole strength. The flow field and thermal characteristics are sensitive to the magnetic dipole source strength and its position and heater location.
Energetic Study of Gasification System for Bio-Waste as Renewable Energy Resource: Case Study
Authors: Mirzaei Mojtaba , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Ghazvini Mahyar , Sobhani Ehsan , Lorenzini Giulio , Khalilpoor Nima
Published: October 2018

The expenses, which caused by pollution and limited fossil resources, have convinced scientists to concentrate on renewable resources such as biological waste. Conversion of bio-waste to syntheses gas produces higher heating values in comparison to conventional bioenergy production methods. To produce energy from bio waste, it is important to study on existing technology and using CHP and gas turbines. In this paper a plan for producing electricity and heat at the same time by using bio waste has been proposed. This plan provides a method to produce hybrid gas (combined gas) by using solid bio-waste of Tehran in two forms of wet and dry as a renewable energy resource and steam in a fixed bed gas reactor. This gas is a combination of Hydrogen, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide Water and some amount of Methane. Selected temperature and pressure for the reactor respectively is1900 [˚F] and 390 [Psi]. As indicated in the results, the best air and steam combination entering fixed bed reactor among 60 different combinations for dry waste is 0.2% of entering fuel volume for steam 0.25% of entering fuel volume for air heating value for this combination is 6471 [BTU/lb]. Furthermore, for the steam volumes of 1.5% to 0.9%, the percentage of H2 in the syngas increases by enhancing the volume of air content.
Potential Use of Genetically Engineered Variable Lymphocyte Receptor B Specific to Avian Influenza Virus H9N2
Authors: Im Se Pyeong , Kim Jaesung , Lee Jung Seok , Kim Si Won , Jung Jae Wook , Lazarte Jassy Mary S. , Kim Jong Yong , Kim Young Rim , Lee Jeong Ho , Chong Roger S. M. , Jung Tae Sung
Published: October 2018

The variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) B of jawless vertebrates functions as a secreted Ab of jawed vertebrates and has emerged as an alternative Ab with a single polypeptide chain. After observing an upregulated VLRB response in hagfish immunized with avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2, we screened AIV H9N2–specific VLRB using a mammalian expression system. To improve the binding avidity of the Ag-specific VLRB to the Ag, we enabled multimerization of the VLRB by conjugating it with C-terminal domain of human C4b-binding protein. To dramatically enhance the expression and secretion of the Ag-specific VLRB, we introduced a glycine–serine linker and the murine Ig κ leader sequence. The practical use of the Ag-specific VLRB was also demonstrated through various immunoassays, detected by anti-VLRB Ab (11G5). Finally, we found that the Ag-specific VLRB decreased the infectivity of AIV H9N2. Together, our findings suggest that the generated Ag-specific VLRB could be used for various immunoapplications.
Die karakteristiek van die arminianisme
Authors: Koekemoer J.H.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Boekbesprekings
Authors: Le Roux L.M. , Pont A.D. , Dreyer P.S.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Attitudes of prehospital providers on transport decision-making in the management of patients with a suicide attempt refusing care: A survey based on the Mental Health Care Act of 2002
Authors: Evans Katya , Geduld Heike , Stassen Willem
Published: October 2018

Background: Given the frequency of suicidal patients making attempts prior to a completed suicide, emergency access to mental health care services could lead to significant reduction in morbidity and mortality for these patients.Aim: To describe the attitudes of prehospital providers and describe transport decision-making around the management of patients with a suicide attempt.Setting: Cape Town Metropole.Methods: A cross-sectional, vignette-based survey was used to collect data related to training and knowledge of the Mental Health Care Act, prehospital transport decision-making and patient management.Results: Patients with less dramatic suicidal history were more likely to be discharged on scene. Few respondents reported the use of formal suicide evaluation tools to aid their decision. Respondents displayed negative attitudes towards suicidal patients. Some respondents reported returning to find a suicidal patient dead, while others reported patient attempts at suicide when in their care. Eighty per cent of respondents had no training in the management of suicidal patients, while only 7.0% had specific training in the Mental Health Care Act.Conclusion: A critical lack in the knowledge, training and implementation of the Mental Health Care Act exists amongst prehospital providers within the Western Cape. A further concern is the negative feelings towards suicidal patients and the lack of commitment to transporting patients to definitive care. It is essential to urgently develop training programmes to ensure that prehospital providers are better equipped to deal with suicidal patients.
Expression of transforming growth factor-beta and interferon gamma biomarkers after whole body gamma irradiation
Authors: Fardid Reza , Ghahramani Parisa , Mosleh-Shirazi Mohammad-Amin , Kalantari Tahereh , Behzad-Behbahani Abbas , Kazemi Elaheh , Okhovat Mohammad-Ali
Published: October 2018

Context:

There are plenty of evidence that suggest that the potential high doses of radiation result in severe health effects to exposed individuals, although there is no consensus about the health impact of low dose of ionizing radiation (IR).

Aims:

This study aimed to discuss the effect a range of IR doses on the changes of gene expression and serum protein levels of two immune factors transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in rats. Findings from this study can be useful to develop a suitable biomarker for biological dosimetry applications.

Subjects and Methods:

After 24 h of irradiation of rats with the doses of 1000, 500, 100, 50, and 20 mGy, the gene expression of TGF-β and IFN-γ in lymphocytes was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Besides, the protein level of these two factors in blood plasma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.

Statistical Analysis Used:

One-way analysis of variance Tukey–Kramer Multiple Comparisons Test was used. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Significant increases in the expression levels of TGF-β and IFN-γ genes were observed by increasing the dose from 100 to 500 mGy and then 1000 mGy compared to the control (P < 0.05). The ELISA tests showed significant differences in the serum level of TGF-β cytokine in the dose of 1000 mGy, while the serum level of IFN-γ cytokine showed significant differences in doses of 20 mGy and 1000 mGy compared to the control (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The results of this study showed the changes in the expression of TGF-β and IFN-γ genes after irradiation more than 100 mGy in lymphocytes compared to the control group; the changes in the serum levels of these cytokines only occurred in the specific doses compared to the control group.
Single institution experience treating adrenal metastases with stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Shah Mira Mahendra , Isrow Derek , Fareed Muhammad M. , Wen Ning , Ryu Samuel , Ajlouni Munther , Siddiqui Farzan
Published: October 2018

Objective:

The objective of the study is to present our experience of treating adrenal metastases using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed patients with adrenal metastases treated using SBRT from 2001 to 2014. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1 was used. Maximum tumor response was defined as the greatest percentage tumor reduction noted on two or more post-SBRT CT scans.

Results:

We identified 44 patients (median age 61.3 years, range: 25.8–85), with 54 adrenal metastases; primary diagnoses include non-small cell lung cancer (28 patients and 38 lesions), small cell lung cancer (1 patient), hepatocellular carcinoma (6 patients), and other (9 patients). Treatment was delivered in single (16 lesions, median dose 18 Gy [14–18]) or multiple fractions (38 lesions, median dose 30 Gy [16–40]). Median planning target volume was 49.65cc (3.21–984.54). Median response at first post-SBRT follow-up (median 1.65 months (m) (0.33–5.37), n = 46 lesions) was 10.8% with 91.3% local control. Median maximum tumor response was 31.8% (n = 32 lesions) at median follow-up of 5.4 m (0.9–44.8) with 96.6% local control. The response was comparable regardless of tumor histology or treatment fractionation. No patients experienced Grade 3/4 acute toxicities. One patient with a history of naproxen use required suturing with omental patch placement for perforated pyloric ulcer 14 m post-SBRT (18 Gy in single fraction) to the right adrenal metastasis; this region received <5 Gy. Ten patients treated for pain with available follow-up obtained relief.

Conclusions:

SBRT is a safe and efficacious treatment for adrenal metastases, demonstrating local tumor control. Further study of the impact on survival and quality of life is warranted.
Adjuvant radiotherapy for Stage I seminoma
Authors: Kanyilmaz Gul , Saricanbaz Irem , Bora Huseyin , Karahacioglu Eray , Erkal Eda Yirmibesoglu
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

There is no consensus regarding the management of Stage 1 seminomas following inguinal orchiectomy. In this study, we evaluated the treatment results and treatment-related toxicity for patients with Stage 1 seminomas treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) at a single institution.

Methods:

Sixty-five patients who underwent adjuvant RT following orchiectomy for Stage 1 seminomas between January 1996 and December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. The age, tumor location, histopathological type, stage, tumor size, RT field, and radiation dose were recorded for all patients.

Results:

The patients' ages ranged from 17 to 61 years (median, 37 years). Sixty-three patients (97%) were diagnosed with classical seminoma and the remaining two patients (3%) had spermatocytic seminoma. After orchiectomy, 37 patients (57%) received para-aortic RT and 28 patients (43%) received dog-leg field RT. RT was applied with 1.8–2 Gy/day fractionation and the median RT dose was 26 Gy (range, 20–38). Follow-up ranged from 0.3 to 18 years (median, 9.5 years). Local control had been achieved in all patients and all of them were alive with no evidence of disease. Fifty-one patients (77%) had at least 5 years of follow-up and 27 patients (41%) had at least 10 years of follow-up. Overall survival at 10 years was 100%.

Conclusion:

Although retrospective in nature, this single-institutional study provides useful information about the outcomes and toxicities associated with adjuvant RT in patients with Stage 1 seminomas reporting excellent disease control and survival rates at the expense of acceptable toxicity.
Adjuvant radiotherapy after surgical resection for adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Viani Gustavo Arruda , Viana Bruno Silveira
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

Historically, the role of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has been controversial. The objective of this research is to review systematically the literature evaluating the role of adjuvant RT in patients with ACC undergone a surgical resection.

Materials and Methods:

The electronic databases were searched for articles published until July 2017 without language restriction: Lilacs, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane. Two reviewers independently appraised the eligibility criteria and extracted data. When possible, a fixed-effect meta-analysis was done. The systematic review (SR) followed all the criteria of the MOOSE guideline.

Results:

Overall, 382 citations were identified. After the screening of titles and abstracts, 12 articles (eight case series [48 patients] and 4 cohort studies [136 patients]) were included in the final analysis. For the local recurrence, the pooled relative risk (RR) was RR = 0.46 (95% confidence interval: 0.28–0.75), in favor of adjuvant RT when compared with surgery alone. Concerning overall mortality and disease recurrence, no significant difference between adjuvant RT and surgery was detected, RR = 0.77 (CI 95% 0.49–1.22, P = 0.27), and RR = 0.95 (IC 95% 0.74–1.24, P = 0.67). In all cohort studies, the acute toxicities were graduated as mild and self-limited with nausea and fatigue being the most common symptoms. Only one case (1/50) of impairment of kidney function was detected as late toxicity in these studies.

Conclusions:

This SR and meta-analysis indicate that adjuvant RT dramatically reduces the local recurrence of ACC after surgery. Moreover, the treatment has a low acute and late toxicity, resulting in a high therapeutic index. Further, prospective studies are needed to confirm or refute the role of RT on survival and disease recurrence.
Caregiver’s Psychosocial Concerns and Psychological Distress in Emergency and Trauma Care Setting
Authors: Kanmani T. R. , Raju Birudu
Published: October 2018

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) will be the third largest killer by the year 2020 in the world. It creates the great amount of morbidity, disability, mortality, and reduces the psychosocial well-being of the patients and their caregivers. Hence, the current paper aimed to explore the psychosocial distress and caregivers' concerns in emergency and trauma care (ETC) setting. Methodology: This study adopted qualitative research design. All caregivers of TBI survivors were considered as a universe of the study. A total of 50 caregivers were recruited, and the predesigned questionnaire was administered. Depression, anxiety, stress scale was used to identify the caregivers' depression, stress, and anxiety. The simple thematic analysis was used to derive the themes from the verbatim data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 (SPSS South Asia Pvt.Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India). Results: In the quantitative analysis, caregivers' mean age was found to be 45 (mean = 45.00 ± 13.83) years. Caregivers had experienced mild depression (13.36 ± 3.07), moderate anxiety (13.70 ± 3.03), and minimum stress (13.66 ± 2.98) levels. Qualitative results identified the following themes: difficulty in accessing timely care, uncertainty about the prognosis and future, family concerns and financial constraints, personal feelings and personal needs, and supportive care. Chi-square test revealed that there was no significant association between gender and depression (χ2 = 2.381 P < 0.12), anxiety (χ2 = 0.01 P < 0.92), and stress (χ2 = 0.235 P < 0.61) levels of caregivers. Conclusion: To accomplish, providing psychosocial care in ETC setting, the role of psychiatric social workers is pivotal.
Nonadherence to Antiepileptic Medications: Still a Major Issue to be Addressed in the Management of Epilepsy
Authors: Zafar Azra , Shahid Rizwana , Nazish Saima , Aljaafari Danah , Alkhamis Fahd Ali , Alsalman Sadiq , Msmar Amir H. , Abbasi Badaruddin , Alsulaiman Abdulla A. , Alabdali Majed
Published: October 2018

Context: Medication nonadherence is a significant barrier in achieving seizure freedom in patients with epilepsy. There is a deficiency of data about the reasons for nonadherence in Saudi population. Aims: The aim of this study is to prove the existence of nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with epilepsy and identify the responsible factors. Setting and Design: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study carried in the Department of Neurology at King Fahd Hospital of the University affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Subjects and Methods: Patients of all ages diagnosed to have epilepsy as mentioned in their medical record and taking antiepileptic medications were interviewed using a questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was defined as two-tailed with a P ≤ 0.05. Results: Among 152 participants, 52.6% were male and 47.4% were female. Mean age of the patients was 28 ± 14.3 (mean ± standard deviation) years. Of 152 patients, 48.7% were found to be nonadherent to their AED therapy. The most commonly identified factor was forgetfulness. Nonadherence was significantly associated with poor seizure control (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Nonadherence to the AED is common among patients with epilepsy and affects seizure control adversely.
Design, Ecology, Politics
Authors: Boehnert Joanna
Published: October 2018

Design, Ecology, Politics links social and ecological theory to design theory and practice, critiquing the ways in which the design industry perpetuates unsustainable development.

Boehnert argues that when design does engage with issues of sustainability, this engagement remains shallow, due to the narrow basis of analysis in design education and theory. The situation is made more severe by design cultures which claim to be apolitical. Where design education fails to recognise the historical roots of unsustainable practice, it reproduces old errors. New ecologically informed design methods and tools hold promise only when incorporated into a larger project of political change. Design, Ecology, Politics describes how ecological literacy challenges many central assumptions in design theory and practice.

By bringing design, ecology and socio-political theory together, Boehnert describes how power is constructed, reproduced and obfuscated by design in ways which often cause environmental harms. She uses case studies to illustrate how communication design functions to either conceal or reveal the ecological and social impacts of current modes of production. The transformative potential of design is dependent on deep-reaching analysis of the problems design attempts to address. Ecologically literate and critically engaged design is a practice primed to facilitate the creation of viable, sustainable and just futures. With this approach, designers can make sustainability not only possible, but attractive.

In response to the converging crises of the Anthropocene, where economic ‘growth’ has broken planetary boundaries, the author proposes an age where people and design practices identify ecological frames of reference. An emergent Ecocene depends on creative transformations in all domains and on all levels, from human subjectivities to political economies. Joanna Boehnert’s cogent and illuminating study integrates ecological and critical positions into design theory, to put forward a theoretical foundation for critical and ecologically informed design.
Seasonal evaluation of tropospheric CO2 over the Asia-Pacific region observed by the CONTRAIL commercial airliner measurements
Authors: Umezawa Taku , Matsueda Hidekazu , Sawa Yousuke , Niwa Yosuke , Machida Toshinobu , Zhou Lingxi
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Measurement of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is
indispensable for top-down estimation of surface CO2 sources/sinks by
an atmospheric transport model. Despite the growing importance of Asia in the
global carbon budget, the region has only been sparsely monitored for atmospheric
CO2 and our understanding of atmospheric CO2
variations in the region (and thereby that of the regional carbon budget) is
still limited. In this study, we present climatological CO2
distributions over the Asia-Pacific region obtained from the CONTRAIL
(Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements.
The high-frequency in-flight CO2 measurements over 10 years reveal a
clear seasonal variation in CO2 in the upper troposphere (UT), with a
maximum occurring in April–May and a minimum in August–September. The
CO2 mole fraction in the UT north of 40∘ N is low and highly
variable in June–August due to the arrival of air parcels with seasonally
low CO2 caused by the summertime biospheric uptake in boreal Eurasia.
For August–September in particular, the UT CO2 is noticeably low
within the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone associated with the convective
transport of strong biospheric CO2 uptake signal over South Asia.
During September as the anticyclone decays, a spreading of this low-CO2
area in the UT is observed in the vertical profiles of
CO2 over the Pacific Rim of continental East Asia. Simulation results
identify the influence of anthropogenic and biospheric CO2 fluxes in
the seasonal evolution of the spatial CO2 distribution over the
Asia-Pacific region. It is inferred that a substantial contribution to the UT
CO2 over the northwestern Pacific comes from continental East Asian
emissions in spring; but in the summer monsoon season, the prominent air mass
origin switches to South Asia and/or Southeast Asia with a distinct imprint
of the biospheric CO2 uptake. The CONTRAIL CO2 data provide
useful constraints to model estimates of surface fluxes and to the evaluation
of the satellite observations, in particular for the Asia-Pacific region.
Upper tropospheric ice sensitivity to sulfate geoengineering
Authors: Visioni Daniele , Pitari Giovanni , di Genova Glauco , Tilmes Simone , Cionni Irene
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Aside from the direct surface cooling that sulfate geoengineering (SG) would
produce, investigations of the possible side effects of this method are still
ongoing, such as the exploration of the effect that SG may have on upper
tropospheric cirrus cloudiness. The goal of the present study is to better
understand the SG thermodynamical effects on the freezing mechanisms leading
to ice particle formation. This is undertaken by comparing SG model
simulations against a Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5)
reference case. In the first case, the aerosol-driven surface cooling is
included and coupled to the stratospheric warming resulting from the aerosol
absorption of terrestrial and solar near-infrared radiation. In a second SG
perturbed case, the surface temperatures are kept unchanged with respect to
the reference RCP4.5 case. When combined, surface cooling and lower
stratospheric warming tend to stabilize the atmosphere, which decreases the
turbulence and updraft velocities (−10 % in our modeling study). The
net effect is an induced cirrus thinning, which may then produce a
significant indirect negative radiative forcing (RF). This RF would go in the
same direction as the direct effect of solar radiation scattering by
aerosols, and would consequently influence the amount of sulfur needed to
counteract the positive RF due to greenhouse gases. In our study, given an
8 Tg-SO2 yr−1 equatorial injection into the lower
stratosphere, an all-sky net tropopause RF of −1.46 W m−2 is
calculated, of which −0.3 W m−2 (20 %) is from the indirect
effect on cirrus thinning (6 % reduction in ice optical depth). When
surface cooling is ignored, the ice optical depth reduction is lowered to
3 %, with an all-sky net tropopause RF of −1.4 W m−2, of which
−0.14 W m−2 (10 %) is from cirrus thinning. Relative to the
clear-sky net tropopause RF due to SG aerosols (−2.1 W m−2), the
cumulative effect of the background clouds and cirrus thinning accounts for
+0.6 W m−2, due to the partial compensation of large positive
shortwave (+1.6 W m−2) and negative longwave adjustments
(−1.0 W m−2). When surface cooling is ignored, the net cloud
adjustment becomes +0.8 W m−2, with the shortwave contribution
(+1.5 W m−2) almost twice as much as that of the longwave
(−0.7 W m−2). This highlights the importance of including all of the
dynamical feedbacks of SG aerosols.
Super-cooled liquid fogs over the central Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Cox Christopher J. , Noone David C. , Berkelhammer Max , Shupe Matthew D. , Neff William D. , Miller Nathaniel B. , Walden Von P. , Steffen Konrad
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Radiation fogs at Summit, Greenland (72.58° N, 38.48° W, 3210 masl) are frequently reported by observers. The fogs are often accompanied by fogbows, indicating the particles are composed of liquid and because of the low temperatures at Summit, this liquid is super-cooled. Here we analyse the formation of these fogs as well as their physical and radiative properties. In situ observations of particle size and droplet number concentration were made using scattering spectrometers near 2 m and 10 m height from 2012 to 2014. These data are complemented by co-located observations of meteorology, turbulent and radiative fluxes, and remote sensing. We find that liquid fogs occur in all seasons with the highest frequency in September and a minimum in April. Due to the characteristics of the boundary-layer meteorology, the fogs are elevated, forming between 2 m and 10 m and the particles then fall toward the surface. The diameter of mature particles is typically 20–25 μm in summer. Number concentrations are higher at warmer temperatures and, thus, higher in summer compared to winter. The fogs form at temperatures as warm as warm as −5 °C, while the coldest form at temperatures approaching −40 °C. Facilitated by the elevated condensation, in winter 2/3 of fogs occurred within a relatively warm layer above the surface when the near-surface air is below −40 °C, as cold as −57 °C, which is well below that which can support liquid water. This implies that fog particles settling through this layer of cold air freeze in the air column before contacting the surface, thereby accumulating at the surface as ice without riming. Liquid fogs under otherwise clear skies impart annually 1.5 W m−2 of cloud radiative forcing (CRF). While this is a relatively small contribution to the surface radiation climatology, individual events are influential. The mean CRF during liquid fog events is 26 W m−2, but can sometimes be much higher. An extreme case study was observed to radiatively force 5 °C of surface warming during the coldest part of the day, effectively damping the diurnal cycle. At lower elevations of the ice sheet where melting is more common, such damping could signal a role for fogs in preconditioning the surface for melting later in the day.
Effects of two different biogenic emission models on modelled ozone and aerosol concentrations in Europe
Authors: Jiang Jianhui , Aksoyoglu Sebnem , Ciarelli Giancarlo , Oikonomakis Emmanouil , El-Haddad Imad , Canonaco Francesco , O'Dowd Colin , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Minguillón María Cruz , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions are one of the essential inputs for chemical transport models (CTMs), but their estimates are associated with large uncertainties leading to significant influences on air quality modelling. This study aims at investigating the effects of using different BVOC emission models on the performance of a CTM in simulating secondary pollutants, i.e. ozone, organic and inorganic aerosols. The European air quality was simulated for the year 2011 by the regional air quality model Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) version 6.3, using BVOC emissions calculated by two emission models: the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) model and the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosol from Nature (MEGAN) v2.1. Comparison of isoprene and monoterpene emissions from both models showed large differences in their general amounts as well as their spatial distribution both in summer and winter. MEGAN produced more isoprene emissions by a factor of 3 while the PSI model generated three times of monoterpene emissions in summer, while there was negligible difference (~ 4 %) in sesquiterpene emissions associated with the two models. Despite the large differences in isoprene emissions (i.e. 3-fold), the resulting impact in predicted summer-time ozone proved to be minor ( 60 ppb). A much larger effect of the different BVOC emissions was found for the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations. The higher monoterpene emissions (a factor of ~ 3) by the PSI model led to higher SOA by ~ 110 % on average in summer, compared to MEGAN, improving substantially the model performance for organic aerosol (OA): the mean bias between modelled and measured OA at 8 Aerodyne aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM)/Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurement stations was reduced by 21 %–83 % in rural/remote stations. Effects on inorganic aerosols (particulate nitrate, sulphate, and ammonia) were relatively smaller (
Weak and intense katabatic winds: impacts on turbulent characteristics in the stable boundary layer and CO2 transport
Authors: Arrillaga Jon A. , Yagüe Carlos , Román-Cascón Carlos , Sastre Mariano , Maqueda Gregorio , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano Jordi
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The role of thermally-driven local downslope or katabatic flows in the dynamics and turbulent features of the stable boundary layer (SBL) is investigated using observations. Measurements are carried out in a relatively flat area 2-km away from the steep slopes of the Guadarrama Mountain Range (Spain). Forty katabatic events are selected from an observational database spanning the 2017-summer period, by using an objective and systematic algorithm that is able to account for local and synoptic forcings. We subsequently classify the katabatic events into weak, moderate and intense according to the observed maximum wind speed. This classification enables us to contrast the main differences in dynamics and thermal structure. We find that the stronger katabatic events are associated with an earlier onset time of these flows. We relate it to very low soil-moisture values (
Level 1b error budget for MIPAS on ENVISAT
Authors: Kleinert Anne , Birk Manfred , Perron Gaétan , Wagner Georg
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The Michelson
Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) is a Fourier
transform spectrometer measuring the radiance emitted from the atmosphere in
limb geometry in the thermal infrared spectral region. It was operated
onboard the ENVISAT satellite from 2002 to 2012. Calibrated and geolocated
spectra, the so-called level 1b data, are the basis for the retrieval of
atmospheric parameters. In this paper we present the error budget for the
level 1b data of the most recent data version 8 in terms of radiometric,
spectral, and line of sight accuracy. The major changes of version 8 compared
to older versions are also described. The impact of the different error
sources on the spectra is characterized in terms of spectral, vertical, and
temporal correlation because these correlations have an impact on the
quality of the retrieved quantities. The radiometric error is in the order of
1 % to 2.4 %, the spectral accuracy is better than 0.3 ppm, and the
line of sight accuracy at the tangent point is around 400 m. All
errors are well within the requirements, and the achieved accuracy allows
atmospheric parameters to be retrieved from the measurements with high
quality.