bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occult anastomotic leakage after rectal resection in patients with diverting stoma: Exploring optimal indications and examination of early stoma closure
Authors: Kitaguchi Daichi , Enomoto Tsuyoshi , Ohara Yusuke , Owada Yohei , Hisakura Katsuji , Akashi Yoshimasa , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Ogawa Koichi , Shimomura Osamu , Oda Tatsuya
Published: December 2019

BackgroundIn the immediate postoperative period, neither have the incidence and risk factors of occult anastomotic leakage (AL) in patients with diverting stoma (DS) been clarified, nor have methods to assess anastomosis been standardized. Before introducing “early stoma closure”, both standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria and standardized methods to assess anastomosis are necessary. The aim of this study was to elucidate the incidence and risk factors of occult AL in patients who had undergone rectal resection with DS and to evaluate the significance of computed tomography (CT) following water-soluble contrast enema (CE) to detect occult anastomotic leakage.MethodsThis was a single institutional prospective observational study of patients who had undergone rectal resection with DS between May and October 2019. All patients had undergone CE and CT to assess for anastomosis on postoperative day (POD) 7, and CT was performed just after CE. Univariate analysis was performed to assess the relationship between preoperative variables and the incidence of occult AL on POD 7ResultsThe incidence of occult AL on postoperative day 7 was 40%. Hand-sewn anastomosis, compared with stapled anastomosis, was a statistically significant risk factor (p=0.0406). Five more cases with occult AL that could not be detected with CE could be detected on CT following CE; CE alone had a 33% false-negative radiological result rate.ConclusionsHand-sewn anastomosis was a risk factor for occult AL, and CE alone had a high false-negative radiological result rate. When considering the introduction of early stoma closure, stapled anastomosis and CT following CE could be an appropriate inclusion criterion and preoperative examination, respectively.
sTREM-1 assessment as a diagnostic biomarker for suspected acute appendicitis in children
Authors: Klein Tal Taraboulos , Kohn Elkana , Klin Baruch , Ziv-Baran Tomer , Kozer Eran , Berkovitch Matityahu , Abu-Kishk Ibrahim
Published: December 2019

Background The typical history of acute appendicitis is observed in less than 60% of cases. Therefore, searching for a surrogate marker is mandatory. Our goal was to determine whether the soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) is an efficient biomarker for acute appendicitis. Methods sTREM-1 serum levels were measured in addition to carrying out routine diagnostic tests (urine dipstick, complete blood count and C- reactive protein) in children admitted to the Emergency Department with suspected appendicitis. Statistical analysis was performed in order to examine whether sTREM-1 was a significant predictor of appendicitis. Results Fifty three of 134 children enrolled in the study were diagnosed with appendicitis. There was no significant difference in serum sTREM-1 levels (p=0.111) between children with or without appendicitis. Leukocytes, neutrophils and CRP were significantly elevated in the appendicitis group (p<0.001). The appendix diameter was significantly larger and the Alvarado score significantly higher in the appendicitis group (p<0.001). Conclusion serum sTREM-1 is not a good marker for acute appendicitis. Customary tests in addition to a proper patient history and physical examination are still the most effective methods to diagnose acute appendicitis.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Chlorinated Maprotiline Analogues
Authors: Sultan Mujeeb A. , Karama Usama , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , El-Taher Kamal Eldin , Elnakady Yasser A. , Mohaya Talal Abdulaziz , Galil Mansour S. A.
Published: December 2019

A novel chlorinated tetracyclic compound 13 of the class ethanoanthracene as analogue of maprotiline was prepared via multistep syntheses. The tetracyclic key intermediate 5 with its [2.2.2] system was built nicely and economically in one-step via a Diels-Alder reaction between acrolein and 1,8-dichloroanthracene, followed by Wittig C-2 homologation. The synthesized chlorinated maprotiline analogues 6 , 7 and 13 as well intermediates 4 and 5 exerted antiproliferative activity in cancer cell lines A549 and HePG2 at low micromolar concentrations. In addition, the intermediates 4 and 5 were also had high activity against HCT cell line. Interestingly, the intermediate 4 was the most active against all cell lines studied.
Strengthening the quality and scope of paediatric primary care in South Africa: Evaluating contextual impacts of the introduction of the Practical Approach to Care Kit for children (PACK Child)
Authors: Murdoch Jamie , Curran Robyn , Cornick Ruth , Picken Sandy , Bachmann Max , Bateman Eric , Simelane Makhosazana Lungile , Fairall Lara
Published: December 2019

Background: Despite significant reductions in mortality, preventable and treatable conditions remain leading causes of death and illness in children aged under five in South Africa. The PACK Child intervention, comprising a clinical decision support tool (guide), training strategy and health systems strengthening components, was developed to expand on WHO’s Integrated Management of Childhood Illness programme, and in 2017-2018 was piloted in 10 primary healthcare facilities in the Western Cape Province. Here we report findings from an investigation into the contextual features of South African primary care that shaped how clinicians delivered the PACK Child intervention within clinical consultations. Methods: Process evaluation using semi-structured interviews, focus groups, observation, audio-recorded consultations and documentary analysis. Linguistic ethnographic analysis of relationship between primary care contextual features and clinician-caregiver interactions.Results: Primary healthcare facilities demonstrated dominance of a risk minimisation approach upheld by provincial documentation, providing curative episodic care to children presenting with acute symptoms, and preventive care including immunisations, feeding and growth monitoring, all in children 5 years or younger. Children with chronic illnesses such as asthma rarely received routine care. These contextual features constrained the ability of clinicians to use the PACK Child intervention to facilitate diagnosis of long-term conditions, elicit and manage psychosocial issues, and navigate use of the guide alongside provincial documentation. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that PACK Child is catalysing a transition to an approach that strikes a balance between risk minimisation on the day of an acute presentation and a larger remit of care for the child over time. However, to optimise success of the intervention requires reviewing priorities for paediatric care which will facilitate enhanced skills, knowledge and deployment of clinical staff to better address acute illnesses and long-term health conditions of children of all ages, as well as complex psychosocial issues surrounding the child.
Estrogen receptor α phosphorylated at Ser216 confers inflammatory function to mouse microglia
Authors: Shindo Sawako , Chen Shih-Heng , Gotoh Saki , Yokobori Kosuke , Hu Hao , Ray Manas , Moore Rick , Nagata Kiyoshi , Martinez Jennifer , Hong Jau-Shyong , Negishi Masahiko
Published: December 2019

Background Estrogen has been suggested to regulate anti-inflammatory signaling in brain microglia through estrogen receptor α (ERα), the only resident immune cells of the brain. The mechanism of how ERα regulates is not well understood. Previously, ERα is phosphorylated at Ser216 in mouse neutrophils, regulating their infiltration into the uterus. Therefore, ERα has now been examined as to its phosphorylation in microglia to regulate their inflammatory functions.MethodsAn antibody against an anti-phospho-S216 peptide of ERα (αP-S216) was used for double immunofluorescence staining to detect to ERα in cultured microglia. A knock-in (KI) mouse line bearing the phosphorylation-blocked ERα mutation S216A (ERα KI) was generated to examine whether this phosphorylation regulate immune functions of microglia.ResultsPhosphorylated ERα at Ser216 was present in microglia but not astrocytes. Staining with an anti-Iba-1 antibody showed that microglia activation was augmented in substantial nigra of ERα KI brains. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatments aggravated microglia activation in ERα KI brains, pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased while anti-inflammatory cytokines were decreased at mRNA and protein levels in whole brain extracts. These increases and decreases of cytokine proteins were also observed in LPS-treated microglia cultured from brains of ERα KI neonates. FACS analysis revealed that ERα KI mutation increased number of IL-6 producing microglia and apoptosis. ERα KI mice decreased motor connection ability in Rotarod tests.ConclusionsBlocking of Ser216 phosphorylation aggravated microglia activation and inflammation of mouse brain, thus confirming that phosphorylated ERα exerts anti-inflammatory functions. ERα KI mice enable us to further investigate the mechanism by which phosphorylated ERα regulates brain immunity and inflammation.
The relationship between nutritional habits and sleep quality in adolescents of Yazd, Iran
Authors: Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Karandish Majid , Hadianfard Ali Mohammad , Azhdari Maryam , Sheikhi Leila , Shams-Rad Shamim , tabatabaie mahtab , Mirzavandi Farhang , Babaie Siavash
Published: December 2019

BackgroundLifestyle and its relationship to aspects of sleep quality have been reported in many studies. An unhealthy lifestyle is associated with less sleep duration and sleep patterns. Breakfast skipping is as an important part of unhealthy lifestyle. Poor sleep quality and skipping breakfast are common in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutritional habits (breakfast and midmorning snack) and sleep quality in Yazd adolescents.MethodsThis study was conducted among 569 students aged 12–16 years. They were selected by multistage random-cluster sampling method. Information such as demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, students' nutritional habits, physical activity and sleep quality were collected from all adolescents. All data were assessed by interview, 7-day food record, short form of the International Physical Activity, and Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22).ResultsThe prevalence of breakfast skipping and semi-skipping (57.2%), overweight and obesity (37.8%), and insufficient sleep duration (38.9%) were high. The sleep score was significantly better in boys (p = 0.02). Sleep quality score of 63.7 % of the students was poor, but a significant relationship was not illustrated between sleep quality with breakfast frequency, abnormal weight, breakfast time, morning snack intake. A significant relationship was found between poor sleep quality with late bedtime and low physical activity (p <0.0001), late dinner (p <0.004), and female gender (p <0.02).ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study supported the association between having dinner soon and no late bedtime with good sleep quality. But no significant difference was shown between sleep quality with weight and breakfast habits. This study suggested paying more attention to nutritional and sleeping status in this age group by employing skilled nutritionists and mental health professional in high schools.
Statistical approaches to computing sample size in cluster randomized trials: a simulation study
Authors: Ranjan Ashutosh , Song Guangzi , Coffey Christopher S , McClure Leslie A
Published: December 2019

Background: Cluster randomized trials, which randomize groups of individuals to an intervention, are common in health services research when one wants to evaluate improvement in a subject's outcome by intervening at an organizational level. For many such trials sample size calculation is performed under the assumption of equal cluster size. Many trials that set out to recruit equal clusters end up with unequal clusters for various reasons. This leads to a misalignment between the method used for sample size calculation and the data analysis, which may affect trial power. Various weighted analysis methods for analyzing cluster means have been suggested to overcome the problem introduced by unbalanced clusters; however, the performance of such methods has not been evaluated extensively.Methods: We examine the use of the general linear model for analysis of clustered randomized trials assuming equal cluster sizes during the planning stage but ending up with unequal clusters. We demonstrate the performance of three approaches using different weights for analyzing the cluster means: (1) the standard analysis of cluster means, (2) weighting by cluster size, and (3) minimum variance weights. Several distributions are used to generate cluster sizes to cover a wide range of patterns of imbalance. The variability in cluster size is measured by the coefficient of variation (CV). By means of a simulation study, we assess the impact of using each of the three analysis methods with respect to type I error and power of the study and how it is affected by the variability in cluster size. Results: Analyses that assumes equal clusters provide a reasonable approximation when cluster sizes vary minimally (CV < 0.30). In an analysis weighted by cluster size type I errors were inflated, and that worsened as the variation in cluster size increases. However, a minimum variance weighted analysis best maintains target power and level of significance under all degrees of imbalance considered. Conclusion: The unweighted analysis works well as an approximate method when the variation in cluster size is minimal. However, using minimum variance weights performs much better across the full range of variation in cluster size and is recommended.
Ankle Joint Pressure Change in Varus Malalignment of Tibia
Authors: Zhu Yuan , Li Xingchen , Xu Xiangyang
Published: December 2019

Background: Varus malalignment of tibia could alter ankle biomechanics, might lead to degenerative changes of the ankle joint. However, previous studies failed to report the detailed changes of ankle biomechanics in varus malalignment of tibia. The aim of this biomechanical study was to evaluate ankle joint pressure change in response to the gradual progression of varus malalignment of tibia. Methods 8 fresh-frozen human cadaver legs were tested in this study. Varus malalignment of tibia and a total of 600N compressive force was simulated using a custom made fixture. Intra-articular sensors(TeckScan)were inserted in the ankle joint to collected ankle joint pressure data. The testing sequence was 0°, 2°,4°,6°,8°,10°,12°,14°,16°,18°,20° of tibial varus. Results As the tibial varus progressed, the center of force(COF) shifted laterally both for medial and lateral aspect of the ankle joint. For medial aspect of ankle joint, the lateral shift reached its maximum at 6º[2.76(1.46)mm, p=0.001] and 8º[2.76(1.62)mm, p=0.002], while for lateral aspect of ankle joint, the lateral shift reached its maximum at 12º[2.11(1.19)mm, p=0.002], thereafter, the COF shifted medially as the tibial varus progressed. The lateral joint pressure ratio was 0.481(0.125) at 0º and 0.548(0.108) at 10º and 0.517(0.101) at 20º. Significant differences were found between 0º and 10º(p=0.002), 10º and 20º (p=0.002)of tibial varus. Conclusions For mild tibial varus deformities, there was a lateral shift of COF and lateral stress concentration within the ankle joint, while as the deformity progressed, COF shifted medially and lateral stress concentration decreased. Keywords: ankle biomechanics, tibial varus, joint pressure measurement
The impact of cesarean section on neonatal outcomes at a university based tertiary hospital in Jordan
Authors: khasawneh wasim , Yusef Dawood , Alsulaiman Jomana W
Published: December 2019

Background Despite the WHO recommendation for cesarean section rates not to exceed 15% to minimize negative consequences in the mothers and neonates, there continues to be a steady rise in its rate globally. As a result, short-term and long-term maternal and neonatal complications are rising. The objective of this study is to determine the rate and assess neonatal outcomes of cesarean section at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) in Jordan.Methods A retrospective chart review of all mothers and neonates delivered by cesarean section during the period January 2016 to July 2017 at KAUH tertiary academic center.Results 2595 Cesarean deliveries were performed over 18 months representing a rate of 50.5% of all deliveries. 60% were scheduled procedures. 72% were performed at full term gestation. The most common indication was previously scarred uterus followed by fetal distress. Rate of admission to the neonatal ICU was 30% (800/2595). After multilogistic conditional regression analysis, the factors associated with increased risk of neonatal ICU admission include grandmultiparity (Adjusted OR 1.46), gestational diabetes (Adjusted OR 1.92), maternal employment (Adjusted OR 1.84), prolonged rupture of membranes (Adjusted OR 5), fetal distress (Adjusted OR 1.84), prematurity (Adjusted OR 43.78), low birth weight (Adjusted OR 42), high order multiple gestation (Adjusted OR 9.58) and low 5-minute APGAR score (Adjusted OR 10). One out of six babies born at early term (37-38.6 weeks) were admitted for a median length of stay of 4 days (IQR 2, 8), the most common diagnosis was transient tachypnea of newborns and respiratory distress syndrome.Conclusion CS deliveries account for more than half the number of deliveries at our institution and one third of the delivered babies get admitted to the NICU. Together with the resulting maternal and neonatal consequences, this carries a major burden on the newborns, health care facilities and involved families. Local strategies and policies should be established and implemented to improve the outcome of births.
Under Nutrition and associated factors among lactating mothers in Southern Ethiopia: Institution Based Cross-sectional study
Authors: Kejela Gemechu , Gebremeskel Feleke , Hassen Hadiya , Shewangizaw Misgun , Desalegn Markos
Published: December 2019

Background Maternal Nutrition contributes significantly to the long term health of mothers and their children. Despite this importance, globally, about 795 million people are undernourished and women and their children are the most vulnerable groups.Objective the main aim of this study was to assess under nutrition and associated factors among lactating mothers in Arba Minch zuria district, Southern Ethiopia.Methods institution based cross-sectional study was used. Data was collected using interview administered questionnaire from a total of 441 lactating mothers. To get the required respondents, first health centers in Arba Minch zuria district were selected by using lottery method and probability to population size was performed for each health center. Finally, eligible respondents were selected using systematic sampling method. The questionnaire was pretested and close supervision was undertaken during data collection to assure the quality of data. The collected data was entered using Epi data version 3.02 and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression were conducted, and finally variables with p-value of <0.05 were considered as statistically significant predictors.Results Prevalence of under nutrition in this study was 26.1%. Under nutrition is higher among mothers who are unable to read and write (AOR[95%CI]= 3.931[1.700,9.091]), mothers who experienced more than five numbers of pregnancies (AOR[95%CI]= 2.453[1.051, 5.728]), those with more than four members of family size (AOR[95%CI]= 2.289[1.171, 4.472]), those who live in the household with no toilet (AOR [95%CI] = 6.407[3.556, 11.545]) and those who have less than 4 antenatal care visits (AOR[95%CI]= 2.053[1.185, 3.559]).Conclusions and Recommendations In this study, the magnitude of under nutrition among lactating women was high. So, nutrition based health information, education and communication is needed for mothers especially during pregnancy and lactation in the study area.
Association Between Cytomegalovirus Disease and Dementia: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Kyoung Hwa , Kwon Da Eun , Han Kyung Do , La Yeonju , Han Sang Hoon
Published: December 2019

Background The association between human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and dementia remains controversial. Previous studies have suggested that CMV serostatus assessed by serum immunoglobulin G plays a role in neurodegeneration with cognitive impairment. We aimed to evaluate the association between CMV tissue-invasive diseases and vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).MethodsThe International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10th revision codes from the National Health Insurance Database covering entire people in Republic of Korea were used to classify patients: case group (n = 687), age ≥40 years with CMV tissue-invasive end-organ disease and control group (n = 3,435), without CMV disease, matched by age and sex (ratio, 1:5). The case and control subjects selected during 2010–2014 with a washout period of the previous 4 years were followed-up until December 2016.ResultsThe multivariate regression model adjusted for age and sex showed a significantly higher incidence of dementia (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–3.1) in the case group. The risk of VD (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3–8.4) was higher than that of AD (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.8) in the case group. In age subgroup analysis adjusted for sex, patients aged 40–59 years with CMV disease had a significantly higher risk of all kinds of dementia than those aged 60-79 and ≥80 years (OR, 12.6; 95% CI, 3.3–48.8 vs. OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3–3.4 vs. OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.7–2.9; P=0.021).Conclusions CMV disease may be associated with the risk of VD.
The Lived Experiences of Parents of Iranian Young Women with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Panahi Marzieh , Tazakori Zahra , Karimollahi Mansoureh
Published: December 2019

Background: Chronic illness in children causes more mental health risks for parents than other members of the family. Therefore, exploring the experiences of parents living with young women who have multiple sclerosis and presenting them to healthcare planners and managers can have a positive impact on community health. This study aimed to explore the experiences of parents of young women with multiple sclerosis in Iran. Methods: This research was a phenomenological study, and sampling was continued until data saturation, and 12 participants were chosen. The data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Results: Open coding resulted in 450 codes, and after several stages of analysis and integration of similar codes, five main concepts, and 21 sub-concepts was produced. The main concepts included distress, trapping, adaptation barriers, response to illness, and reconciliation with the disease. Conclusion: This study showed the disease affects all dimensions of the parents' life and can lead to the experiences that are new to them and may lead to confusion. These findings can lead to more effective parental care for their daughters. It can also reduce the burden of disease on the family, the health system, and the community.
Significance of time from injury to surgery in the functional recovery of individuals with traumatic acute subdural hematoma
Authors: Chen Shih-Han , Sun Jui-Ming , Fang Wen-Kuei
Published: December 2019

Background: The time from injury to surgery (TIS) is critical in the functional recovery of individuals with traumatic acute subdural hematoma (TASDH). However, only few studies have confirmed such notion.Methods: The data of TASDH patients who were surgically treated in Chia-Yi Christian Hospital between January 2008 and December 2015 were collected. The significance of variables, including age, sex, traumatic mechanism, coma scale, midline shift on brain computed tomography (CT) scan, and TIS, in functional recovery was assessed using the student’s t -test, chi-square test, univariate and multivariate models, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: A total of 37 patients achieved functional recovery (outcome scale score of 4 or 5) and 33 patients had poor recovery (outcome scale score of 1–3) after at least 1 year of follow-up. No significant difference was observed in terms of age, sex, coma scale score, traumatic mechanism, or midline shift on brain CT scan between the functional and poor recovery groups. TIS was found to be significantly shorter in the functional recovery group than in the poor recovery group (145.5±27.0 vs. 181.9±54.5, P-value=0.001). TIS and midline shift ≥10 mm were significant factors for functional outcomes in the multivariate regression models. The analysis of TIS with the ROC curve between these two groups showed that the threshold time for functional recovery in comatose patients and those with TASDH who were surgically treated was 2 hours and 57.5 minutes.Conclusions: TIS is crucial for the functional recovery of TASDH patients who underwent surgery.
Compliance with self-reporting quality assurance database entry in a tertiary academic anesthesiology practice
Authors: Tewfik George , Borad Neil
Published: December 2019

Background. Quality assurance (QA) programs are critical to ensuring patient safety in current anesthesiology practices. While challenging to adapt to daily practice, rates of case entry into other Anesthesiology quality assurance databases have ranged from 48% to 85.1%. The goal of this study was to investigate entry rates at our institution’s voluntary QA database and uncover patterns of reporting. Methods. From 2013 to 2017, a total of 61,492 surgeries were analyzed to determine the rates of voluntary reporting of all cases (with or without a reportable incident) in our QA database by comparing the number of total procedures billed in that time to the total number of cases input into the QA system. Results. The overall compliance rate of entry of cases into the QA database during the 5 year period analyzed was 65.51%. Cases in the Main OR had a higher 5 year rate of entry compared to cases in the Same Day Surgery center. Interestingly, during the 5 year period, July has consistently had the highest rate of case entry (72.54%) into the QA Database, perhaps due to the start of the new academic year for residents. More importantly, there was a decreasing trend of entry into the QA database over the 5 year period of study. From an initial rate of 84.37% in 2013, compliance rates have gradually declined to 78.88% in 2014, 67.30% in 2015, 54.18% in 2016, and 45.16% in 2017. Conclusion. The inherent disadvantages of a voluntary reporting system combined with the growing requirement for quality improvement measures in today’s healthcare system reflect the necessity for particular interventions at our institution aimed at increasing QA compliance rates.
Correlation between plasma levels of Lp-PLA2, Hcy, CRP, Lp(a), AT-III, and TEG parameters and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with combined hypertension and cerebral infarction
Authors: ji mingde , wang xueyan , zhu xiaofei , gu wanjian , zhuo meng , yang xuewen
Published: December 2019

Background: To observe the correlation between Lp-PLA2, Hcy, CRP, Lp(a), AT-III, and TEG parameters and carotid atherosclerosis with combined hypertension and cerebral infarction and evaluate their value in risk determination.Methods: Patients with primary hypertension were selected as subjects and divided into 2 groups based on cerebral infarction: simple hypertension group and hypertension combined with cerebral infarction group. The differences of Lp-PLA2, Hcy, CRP, Lp(a), AT-Ⅲ, and TEG were compared. Spearson correlation and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyze the correlation. A ROC curve was used to analyse the value of a single item and their combination for the determination of carotid AS risk.Results: The levels of single item and CIMT in the hypertension combined with cerebral infarction group were higher, and the values of R, EPL, and LY30 were lower than corresponding indicators in the simple hypertension group. Furthermore, it was found that Lp-PLA2 and Hcy were risk factors. The AUC for Hcy and Lp-PLA2 for the determination the carotid AS risk were larger. Conclusions: The increase or decrease of Lp-PLA2, Hcy, and TEG were important factors influencing the development of carotid AS with combined hypertension and cerebral infarction. The levels of Lp-PLA2, Hcy, and TEG with combined hypertension and cerebral infarction were significantly different from those with simple hypertension and could be used as independent predictive factors for determining carotid AS risk.
Adenovirus Virus Expressing Myostatin- Somatostatin Fusing Gene Promote the Growth Rate of the Mice
Authors: Wang Xinglong , Xu Gaoxiao , Zhang Ning , Chen Xingfa , Yu Dongling
Published: December 2019

Myostatin (MSTN) and somatostatin (SST) are negative regulate factors in the animals. Immunized animals with these proteins induce the related immune response, which could neutralize the normal inhibitory effects of these proteins. Since adenovirus was the mostly wildly used vector for delivering vaccine antigen, here, a recombinant adenovirus expressing MSTN-SST were constructed and mice were inoculated with the recombinant adenovirus. As our predicted, immunization with this adenovirus one time or two times were all induced the specific immune response and resulting in an improve growth rate and muscle mass. And boost immunization improved the effect of the immunization. Accordingly, adenovirus can be used as a vector for deliver myostatin and somatostatin gene, so as to increase animal growth rate and muscle mass of the animals.
Subjective cognitive decline and subsequent dementia: a nationwide cohort study of 579,710 people (66 year-olds) in South Korea
Authors: Lee Yeong Chan , Kang Jae Myeong , Lee Hyewon , Kim Kiwon , Kim Soyeon , Yu Tae Yang , Lee Eun-Mi , Kim Clara Tammy , Kim Doh Kwan , Lewis Matthew , Won Hong-Hee , Jessen Frank , Myung Woojae
Published: December 2019

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a potential risk factor for dementia. We aimed to investigate the association between SCD and subsequent dementia in a nationwide population-based cohort in South Korea.Methods: This cohort included 579,710 66-year-old adults who completed a questionnaire about SCD and were followed-up for a total of 3,870,293 person-years (average 6.68 years per person). Hazard ratios were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model and compared between subjects with and without SCD.Results: Compared to subjects without SCD, those with SCD were more likely to develop dementia (incidence per 100,000 person-years: no SCD: 566.14; SCD: 859.35). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the risk of subsequent dementia significantly increased in subjects with SCD, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34 to 1.41). The risk of subsequent dementia was greatly increased in subjects with higher SCD scores (aHR=2.77, 95% CI 2.47 to 3.11). A significant association between SCD and dementia was observed in both depressive and non-depressive symptom groups (aHR=1.50, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.57 in subjects with depressive symptoms; aHR=1.33, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.37 in subjects without depressive symptoms; P =0.001).Conclusions: In the participating 66-year-old population, SCD was significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent dementia, independent of the presence of depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that SCD indicates a risk for dementia. Further studies are needed to delineate potential approaches to preventing the development of dementia in individuals with SCD.
Using the Malmquist Index in Evaluation Process to Enhance Mathematical Literacy in High School Students
Authors: MOSTOLİ Niusha , ROSTAMY- MALKHALİFEH Mohsen , SHAHVERANİ Ahmad , BEHZADİ Mohammad Hasan
Published: December 2019

The
study aimed to calculate the evaluation of 9th grade female students
and compare the development of the educational process in increasing
mathematical literacy using the Malmquist Index at different time intervals.
This educational process was accomplished by analysing and integrating
realistic mathematical education and mathematical problem-solving. The
populations of the study were 120 ninth grade female students. Each student was
as a DMU whose inputs were the math test score and the outputs were math test
score of December and June. The data analysis method was based on (DEA)
technique to calculate efficiency. The output-driven (CCR) model was used to
determine students' performance coefficient. Then, the Malmquist Index was used
to compare productivity evaluation after the end of the training course in
December and the end of the year in June. In general, the results from changes
in productivity evaluation of students using the Malmquist Index showed that
the students in the experimental group who learned problem-solving and
realistic mathematics had an increase in the overall productivity evaluation
factor after completing the training compared to the others.
Caso de estudio del desarrollo de un videojuego basado en BCI
Authors: Restrepo Zapata Erika Juliett , Díaz Jaramillo Alejandro , Vega Rodríguez Isabel Margarita , Velásquez Restrepo Sandra Milena
Published: December 2019

Este artículo describe la metodología de formación por proyectos del Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje–SENA y su integración con un proyecto de investigación aplicada. Lo que representa uno de los retos más importantes del Centro de Servicios y Gestión Empresarial, enfocado en involucrar a los aprendices en actividades asociadas con la investigación que les permitan aplicar lo aprendido para solucionar un problema real o satisfacer una necesidad puntual. Se presenta un caso de estudio para ilustrar cómo la metodología de formación por proyectos es utilizada en el desarrollo de un videojuego basado en Interfaz Cerebro-Computador (BCI). El trabajo fue realizado por aprendices de la tecnología en Desarrollo de Videojuegos, se emplearon metodologías adicionales como Design Thinking y SCRUM. Los resultados evidenciaron que integrar el proceso de formación con los proyectos de investigación aplicada es pertinente para involucrar a los aprendices en la investigación, lo que da lugar a un mayor nivel de dinamismo y motivación en la formación de profesionales con competencias técnicas e investigativas.
Los pueblos indígenas en México y sus derechos humanos
Authors: Valdez Valenzuela Francisco Javier , Valdez Domínguez Manuel Raymundo , Coronado Gutiérrez Álvaro
Published: December 2019

El presente trabajo está enfocado en definir lo que en México se entiende por comunidad o pueblo indígena, bajo la perspectiva que la Constitución Federal otorga; al mismo tiempo, abordaremos cuáles son los derechos fundamentales de los pueblos indígenas, tratando de dar una breve explicación de estos. Seguidamente, se establece el tratamiento que se le ha dado en la actualidad a los derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas en México, derivado de la adhesión al convenio 169 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo y, como consecuencia de ello, la creación de un marco jurídico regulatorio que, a través de leyes secundarias, se ha ocupado en atender y promover el respeto a los derechos fundamentales de los pueblos indígenas.     La segunda parte del trabajo se enfoca en identificar algunos de los derechos fundamentales que han sido vulnerados a los pueblos indígenas en México, ello a pesar de la existencia de una legislación constitucional y secundaria, en el ámbito federal y local, específicamente en lo relativo a la vulneración de los territorios indígenas y la falta de consulta a los mismos por parte del Estado.     Por último, y no obstante la promoción oficial, educativa y social de los derechos humanos con respecto a las comunidades indígenas, lamentablemente hacia su interior, son las mismas estructuras de poder de dichos grupos, quienes violentan los derechos humanos de las personas, en especial de las mujeres, quienes juegan un roll mísero al interior de las sociedades primarias, contradiciéndose con la lucha por el respeto a sus derechos humanos desde el exterior.
Piglets produced by transfer of embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in vitro with thymosin: A case report
Authors: PONIEDZIAŁEK-KEMPNY KATARZYNA , GAJDA BARBARA , RAJSKA IWONA , GAJDA LECHOSŁAW , SMORĄG ZDZISŁAW
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to examine the in vivo viability of in vitro-produced (IVP) porcine embryos obtained from oocytes matured with thymosin. The research material for this study consisted of immature pig oocytes obtained from ovaries after slaughter and ejaculated semen obtained from one boar. The immature oocytes were cultured in vitro until the metaphase II stage in a medium supplemented with thymosin (TMS). The presumptive zygotes obtained were cultured in vitro for 4-40 hours. The presumptive zygotes and 2-4-cell embryos were evaluated in vivo after transferring them to synchronized recipients. After the transfer of embryos from the experimental group into 2 recipients (50 embryos into each gilt) and the transfer of 50 embryos from the control group into 1 recipient, both gilts that had received embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured with TMS became pregnant and delivered a total of 16 live piglets. After the transfer of embryos from the control group, no pregnancy was achieved. In conclusion, the results of our preliminary study suggest that the maturation of pig oocytes with thymosin supports the in vivo survival of in vitro produced embryos. It is important to note, that this was the first birth of piglets obtained after transfer of IVP embryos in Poland.
CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL E QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE IDOSAS USUÁRIAS DAS ACADEMIAS DA TERCEIRA IDADE E NÃO PRATICANTES DE EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO
Authors: Oliveira Daniel Vicentini , Cunha Paolo Marcello , Freire Gabriel Lucas Morais , Nascimento Júnior José Roberto Andrade do , Bertolini Sônia Maria Marques Gomes
Published: December 2019

O objetivo desse presente estudo foi de analisar a capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida de mulheres idosas que praticavam exercícios nas Academias da terceira idade (ATI) e idosas não praticantes de nenhum tipo de exercício e analisar a correlação dos parâmetros da capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida desses sujeitos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 80 idosas. A amostra foi dividida em grupo não praticante de exercício físico (G1) e usurário da ATI (G2). Foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde, o WHOQOL-BREF e o WHOQOL-OLD. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada por meio dos testes do Protocolo de Avaliação Funcional do Grupo de Desenvolvimento Latino-Americano para Maturidade (GDLAM). A análise dos dados foi feita por meio dos testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Qui-quadrado de Pearson (X2) e correlação de Spearman. Considerou-se um nível de significância de p<0,05. As idosas do G2 apresentaram maior escore na faceta de qualidade de vida de Participação Social (p = 0,004). As idosas do G2 realizaram o teste de Levantar da cadeira e mover-se pela casa em menor tempo (p=0,001), enquanto as idosas do G1 fizeram em menor tempo o teste de vestir e tirar a camiseta (p=0,001). Os melhores escores obtidos no item levantar-se da cadeira e mover-se pela casa, indicam importantes contribuições possíveis das ATI para a dimensão física das condições de saúde dos idosos, além do benefício na socialização verificada a percepção da qualidade de vida dessa população.
REDUÇÃO DE RISCOS E DANOS: AÇÕES EM SAÚDE COM PESSOAS EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA NO INTERIOR NORDESTINO
Authors: Matoso Leonardo Magela Lopes , Dos Santos Silva Joatan Jonas , Do Nascimento Barbara Medeiros , Lopes Matoso Mônica Betania
Published: December 2019

Atuar com pessoas em situação de rua é tentar trabalhar com fragmentos de um grupo estigmatizado, excluído e marcado por intenso preconceito e sofrimento social. É buscar incessantemente que estas pessoas sejam visibilizadas e incluídas a partir do reconhecimento de suas vulnerabilidades e potencialidades na sociedade por meio das políticas públicas. Nesse cenário, foi desenvolvido ações com pessoas em situação de rua que fazem uso de álcool e outras drogas em uma cidade de médio porte no interior nordestino. Assim, essas ações, expressada aqui como relato de experiência, foi realizada diretamente com 22 pessoas ao longo de três meses, cujo objetivo foi promover medidas de redução de riscos e danos. Para isso, foi utilizado pesquisa aplicada, de caráter descritivo, nos pressupostos da pesquisa-ação, com abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados apontaram que 82% são do sexo masculino, 64% pardos, 68% com idade entre 30 a 59 anos. Onde 54% possuem ensino fundamental incompleto e 50% possuem familiares, no entanto saíram de casa devido conflitos. A droga de uso foi o crack (23%) e álcool (23%) e suas associações, como crack e maconha (18%). As ações realizadas possibilitaram conhecer melhor as pessoas em situação de rua, suas concepções e necessidades, contribuindo assim, para uma assistência mais acolhedora, equânime e pautada na subjetividade, dignidade e na saúde e bem-estar de cada indivíduo. Uma vez que ações em saúde foram realizadas e estas suscitarão reflexões acerca do uso de álcool e outras drogas, instaurando reflexões acerca de medidas redutivas de riscos e danos.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE ALIMENTO PROBIÓTICO DE LEITE DE COCO SEM AÇÚCAR ADICIONADO
Authors: Messa Sabrina Pereira , Nespolo Cássia Regina , Sehn Carla Pohl , Pinheiro Franciane Cabral , Ferreira Morgana Balbueno , Soares Giovana Magalhães
Published: December 2019

A alimentação saudável é foco de muitos consumidores, principalmente os com restrições alimentares, com uso crescente de probióticos e interesse por alimentos isentos de lactose. Como os probióticos são normalmente ingeridos em alimentos lácteos, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um alimento preparado com leite de coco, adição de probióticos e sem açúcar agregado. As amostras foram armazenadas sob refrigeração e foram avaliados o pH, atividade de água, acidez titulável, bactérias lácticas, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, psicrotróficos e bolores e leveduras. Os resultados de pH e atividade de água demostraram condições para proliferação de microrganismos indesejáveis e dificuldades para manutenção das bactérias probióticas. A acidez variou entre 0,11 e 0,14% de ácido láctico e as contagens para coliformes totais e termotolerantes foram adequadas. As contagens médias de bactérias lácticas variaram de 3,40 a 4,09 log UFC/g e de bolores e leveduras foram de 3,38 a 9,48 log UFC/g, respectivamente, abaixo e acima dos padrões legais para produtos lácteos similares. Para o alimento à base de leite de coco ser uma alternativa de alimento vegetal contendo probióticos, seria necessária a adição de maior quantidade de probióticos e de facilitadores de multiplicação destas bactérias e evitar a contaminação microbiológica durante o processamento e o armazenamento.
PENENTUAN STANDARD SETTING MATA PELAJARAN KIMIA DENGAN METODE ANGOFF, IRT (ITEM RESPONSE THEORY), DAN SPLINES CUBIC HERMIT FUNCTION
Authors: Suwahono S
Published: December 2019

Batas kelulusan (standart setting) atau disebut juga kriteria ketuntasan minimal pada mata pelajaran kimia ditentukan berdasarkan kurikulum yang berbasis indikator yang dapat dicapai oleh siswa setelah proses pembelajaran atau batas kelulusan yang ditentukan pemerintah.
Pada metode diatas, butir-butir tes ditentukan tingkat kesulitannya, ke- mudian butir-butir tersebut diurutkan berdasarkan tingkat kesulitannya yang selanjutnya menjadi nomor halaman. Pelaksanaan metode ini melibatkan guru kimia berpengala- man sebagai panelis yang menentukan pada halaman bera- pa peserta mulai tidak bisa mengerjakan, dan memerlukan suatu tes/perangkat ujian mata pelajaran kimia yang ter- standar, dan instrumen sederhana untuk menuliskan hasil tiap panelis. Tahap pelaksanaan yaitu pelatihan, putaran 1, dan putaran 2. Rerata hasil putaran 1 dan 2 merupakan hasil penentuan batas kelulusan mata pelajaran kimia
Analisis Kestabilan Model Matematika pada Pertumbuhan Kanker denga Pengobatan Menggunakan Virus Oncolytic
Authors: Faizah Nur , Cahyono Budi , Fitriyah Aini
Published: December 2019

Pada artikel ini dibahas analisis kestabilan model matematika pada pertumbuhan kanker yang pengobatannya  menggunakan Virus Oncolytic. Model matematika pada penelitian ini diasumsikan bahwa sel kanker yang terdapat pada tubuh penderita terdiri dari sel kanker yang tidak terinfeksi Virus Oncolytic () dan sel kanker yang terinfeksi Virus Onvolytic . Oleh karena itu, sel kanker yang dimodelkan merupakan sistem persamaan differensial nonlinear orde satu dengan dua variabel. Adapun analisis yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini dilakukan secara analitik dan numerik. Analisis secara analitik meliputi langkah-langkah seperti penentuan titik kesetimbangan, analisis kestabilan lokal dan analisis kestabilan global sedangkan analisis secara numerik dilakukan dengan bantuan aplikasi MATLAB. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh empat titik kesetimbangan dengan kondisi kestabilan setiap titik-titiknya bersyarat. Artinya kestabilan titik kesetimbangan tersebut berlaku jika syarat tersebut dipenuhi. Salah satu kestabilan yang diperoleh adalah Titik Ekuilibrium  stabil lokal jika dan hanya jika  dan  . Setelah dilakukan analisis secara analitik dilanjutkan dengan mencari simulasi numerik untuk mengilustrasikan dan menguji hasil analitiknya. Adapun hasil numerik yang diperoleh adalah grafik-grafik menunjukkan bahwa solusi dari sitem tersebut stabil. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwasanya pengobatan kanker dengan menggunakan Virus Oncolytic  memperoleh hasil yang baik.
Uric Acid in Metabolic and Cerebrovascular Disorders: A Review
Authors: Cortese Francesca , Scicchitano Pietro , Cortese Anna M. , Meliota Giovanni , Andriani Andrea , Truncellito Luigi , Calculli Giacinto , Giordano Paola , Ciccone Marco M.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Several studies showed a close link between metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cerebrovascular diseases. There is considerable debate regarding the role of uric acid (UA) as a risk factor in these conditions.

Objective:

The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the links between UA, MetS, T2DM and cerebrovascular disease.

Methods:

An extensive review has been conducted based on the scientific literature published in English, and indexed in MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and Google Scholar from January to May 2019. Additional relevant studies published after the initial review were also considered during the period of June 2019-October 2019, during which, this manuscript was written. The Mesh Terms considered were: uric acid, antioxidant, oxidant, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, neurocognitive disorders, and their combinations.

Results:

The literature review shows a dose-dependent inflammatory action of UA, which occurs with serum concentrations >4 mg/dl (>0.24 mmol/l), representing one of the contributors to the chronic inflammatory process that underlies metabolic and cerebrovascular diseases.

Conclusion:

UA, which is associated with arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, represents one of the indicators of oxidative homeostasis. Increasing concentrations represent a status of active inflammation which is observed with metabolic and cerebrovascular diseases.