bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fire in Heterotopia: Henry James and Barbara Kruger
Authors: Smith George
Published: February 2007

Most studies of Henry James and the visual arts center on James's
interest in the history of art up to and including that of his own
epoch. While this mode of analysis does a lot to explain how James
applies visual aesthetics to narrative form, it leaves aside the
tremendous effect James brings to bear on the visual art that
comes after him. Using Barbara Kruger's "Turned Trick" and James's
"The Beast in the Jungle," I argue that there are close
intertextual ties between James and the visual artists associated
with feminist postmodernism. These ties become especially evident
insofar as James and Kruger reconstitute the phallocentric gaze
through the dramatization of Nachtraglichkeit, the psychoanalytic
memory function in which Freud and Lacan locate the primal cause
of resubjectification.
The Inward Revolution: Sexual Terrorism in The Princess Casamassima
Authors: Miller Elizabeth Carolyn
Published: February 2007

This article focuses on female criminality and anti-social impulse in Henry James's The Princess Casamassima. It argues that James's portrayal of shop-girl Millicent Henning taps into widespread uneasiness about women's increased access to the urban public sphere in late-Victorian London. By associating Millicent with anarchy, revolution, and terrorism, the novel presents her inroads into urban commercial culture as an assault on her society. Similarly, the novel's depiction of would-be anarchist Princess Casamassima highlights its anticipation of a "women's" revolution with potentially greater impact than the socialist revolution with which the novel's male characters are concerned.
Post-American James and the Question of Scale
Authors: Hsu Hsuan L.
Published: February 2007

The American Scene and "The Jolly Corner" explore a question that has become increasingly important to both literary critics and cultural geographers: the rescaling of one's field of experience or analysis. James's writings on America describe a crisis of spatial scale brought about by increased urbanization, immigration, and international commerce following the Civil War. Architectural monstrosities, foreign "aliens," and economic growth all threaten his sense of proportion; but at times James foregoes his complaints about the country's inordinate scale in order to imagine a literature that could do it justice.
Hume, Kant, and the "Antinomy of Taste"
Authors: Costelloe Timothy M
Published: February 2007

This paper traces the systematic connections between the structure of Hume's argument in "Of the Standard of Taste" and the way Kant presents the Antinomy of Taste in his Critique of Judgment. It is argued, however, that although there are striking parallels between the way Hume and Kant formulate their respective antinomies, there are significant differences in the way the two philosophers solve them. For while Hume's approach reflects his scepticism about the place of philosophy in common life, Kant's solution confirms his view that philosophy can effectively correct the errors into which human reason naturally falls.
Value in Fact: Naturalism and Normativity in Humeis Moral Psychology
Authors: Spector Jessica
Published: February 2007

A standard view in contemporary moral philosophy is that a naturalistic account of human nature cannot be normative because there is an unbridgeable gap between explanations of what is the case and accounts of what ought to be. However, in Hume's account of the passions, specifically the passion of pride, he offers an account of our passional life that is descriptive yet value-laden. This enables what is a naturalistic account of human nature to, in fact, be normative.
Philosophical History of Philosophy
Authors: Martinich Aloysius
Published: February 2007

Two recent articles described two ways of writing the history of philosophy, one analytic, the other historical, as if the history of philosophy cannot be both analytically sharp and contextually informed at the same time. I recommend the practice of "Philosophical History of Philosophy," which combines the advantages of the analytic and historical methods.
The Problem of Obtaining Evidence for International Criminal Courts
Authors: Cogan Jacob Katz
Published: February 2007

International criminal courts will be judged by their fairness
to defendants as well as to victims. In a very practical way, such
claims will hinge, inter alia, on the ability of prosecutors
and defendants to have reasonable access to probative evidence. But
international criminal courts depend on states to provide them with
evidence or access to evidence. The obligation of states to cooperate
with international criminal tribunals in the production of evidence
was at issue in the recent decision of the International Criminal
Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in the Blaskic case
(1997). That judgment and the provisions of the Rome Statute of the
International Criminal Court (1998) that address judicial assistance
deserve investigation. Do the rules propounded in Blaskic
and in the Rome Statute create the right conditions for the institution
of fair trials in international criminal courts in our world today? Are
such rules possible? The author argues that the diplomats in Rome failed
to establish a procedure for the production of evidence that will lead
to the goal of a fair and effective trial. This is cause for concern if
and when an International Criminal Court comes into being.
Human Rights Dynamics of Abortion Law Reform
Authors: Cook Rebecca J , Dickens Bernard M.
Published: February 2007

The legal approach to abortion is evolving from criminal prohibition
towards accommodation as a life-preserving and health-preserving option,
particularly in light of data on maternal mortality and morbidity. Modern
momentum for liberalization comes from international adoption of the
concept of reproductive health, and wider recognition that the resort to
safe and dignified healthcare is a major human right. Respect for women's
reproductive self-determination legitimizes abortion as a choice when
family planning services have failed, been inaccessible, or been denied by rape. Recognition of women's rights of equal citizenship with men
requires that their choices for self-determination be legally respected,
not criminalized.
The Politics of Being Non-Political: Human Rights Organizations and the Creation of a Positive Human Rights Culture in Uganda
Authors: Dicklitch Susan , Lwanga Doreen
Published: February 2007

This article focuses on what role human rights organizations (HROs)
actually play in the development of a rights-protective regime and a
rights-respective society in Uganda, given structural, internal, and
regime limitations. We argue that Uganda HROs are significantly limited in
their ability to help create a positive human rights culture in Uganda by
historical/structural legacies that have created a culture of political
apathy and fear amongst the general population. Regime repression of
vocal "political" non-state actors and foreign donor-implicit acceptance
of regime human rights transgressions in light of neo-liberal economic
reforms reinforce this fear and political apathy. Ugandan HROs, not
willing to risk state repression or lose foreign aid, thus resort to
non-contentious human rights issues that do not engage the regime or test
the resolve or interest of society to demand for human rights for all.
A Taxonomy of Victims and Perpetrators: Human Rights and Reconciliation in South Africa
Authors: Borer Tristan Anne
Published: February 2007

In human rights discourse, victims and perpetrators are usually referred
to as two completely separate and homogenous sets of people. This article
challenges this discrete and binary approach to these concepts. Through
an analysis of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission,
especially its final report, the article demonstrates that the reality
of many post-conflict situations is more complex. More often than not,
within the group of victims, not all victims are the same. Similarly,
within the group of perpetrators, not all perpetrators are the same;
and the two groups are rarely separate and distinct: some individuals are
both victims and perpetrators. The article concludes with some thoughts
on the implications of this research for understanding the challenges
of reconciliation in South Africa.
Ecstasy: It's the Rave
Authors: Dennis Dixie , Ballard Michael
Published: February 2007

National statistics reveal an alarming trend concerning
the use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, which is better known as
ecstasy. Results from the Monitoring the Future survey of 50,000 secondary
youth reveal that use among 8th graders rose to 3.1%, 5.4% among 10th
graders, and 8.2% among 12th graders. High school faculty and staff must
be cognizant of this growing trend, understand the physiological effects
of use, and recognize protective and risk factors among youth. It is
imperative that school personnel and community-based organizations
work together to implement primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention
strategies as part of a comprehensive drug abuse prevention program.
"A Tug of War for Our Minds:" African American High School Students' Perceptions of their Academic Identities and College Aspirations
Authors: Howard Tyrone Caldwell
Published: February 2007

The research examining African American high school students' perceptions
of their academic identities has been limited. Yet, multitudes of other
sources have contributed to the discussion on how to reverse the perennial
underachievement of many African American students. This qualitative study
attempts to provide a space for African American high school students to
contribute to this important dialogue about their own perspectives, the
influences on their academic identities, and their educational experiences
in general. This qualitative study with African American students at
two urban high schools revealed three key themes that influenced their
academic identities: the role of parents; the perceptions of teachers
and counselors; and the role of college. The viewpoints offered by the
students in this study provide valuable insight into a marginalized
population and tender insight into correcting persistent school failure.
Analogical Reasoning in Victorian Historical Epistemology
Authors: Carignan Michael
Published: February 2007

The usefulness of “analogy” as an epistemological tool was at the center of a Victorian debate over the nature of historical knowledge.  While researching one of her novels, George Eliot combined her obsession with historical veracity with a belief in the efficacy of analogical reasoning in the generation of historical knowledge to create a method of imaginative representation that was meant to advance our understanding of the past.  Her work, along with that of her companion, G.H. Lewes, constituted a rejection of the ascendant view that history needed to become an austere, inductive science, advanced by J.S. Mill, H.T. Buckle, and William Stubbs.
John Wyclif on Body and Mind
Authors: Michael Emily
Published: February 2007

The evangelical doctor, John Wyclif (1320-1384), a prominent, if controversial, Oxford master, is commonly identified as the evening star of scholasticism and the morning star of the Reformation. That Wyclif was a bold thinker is reflected in his philosophical system and in his theological and political views. Our interest here is in Wyclif's now little known natural philosophy. What I wish to examine is whether he can, with any justice, be dubbed the morning star of a reformation in science as well as religion, for his contribution anticipates some developments of early modern natural philosophy.
Comparing Pearl Harbor and "9/11": Intelligence Failure? American Unpreparedness? Military Responsibility?
Authors: Borch Frederic L.
Published: February 2007

Claims by some commentators that "9/11" was an intelligence failure like
Pearl Harbor, that the United States was unprepared for "9/11" like she
was for the Japanese attack on Hawaii, and that, like Pearl Harbor, the
military was not ready to defend against al Qaeda's terrorist attacks
on the World Trade Center and Pentagon are incorrect. On the contrary,
an analysis of the two events reveals that they are more dissimilar
than alike.
How People View Democracy: Africans' Surprising Universalism
Authors: Bratton Michael , Mattes Robert
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Although Africa is a latecomer to democratization, Africans overwhelmingly support democracy, and their conception of democracy is surprisingly liberal.
Monarchy and Political Reform in Morocco
Authors: Maghraoui Abdeslam
Published: February 2007

Morocco's new king, Mohamed VI, has two alternatives: He can invent a new "ruling bargain," prolonging his father's authoritarian rule in a new guise, or he can spearhead serious political reforms.
What Is Liberal Islam? The Sources of Enlightened Muslim Thought
Authors: Filali-Ansary Abdou
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Does the term liberal Islam make sense? What precisely does it mean? Does the Muslim world need a reformation? What would Islamic reform look like? Where does Islamic liberalism fit among the various currents of religious thought—including fundamentalist strains such as Wahhabism or Salafism—that are contending in the Islamic world today? Who are liberalism's leading figures? Does the work of Ibn Rushd (Averroës)—a medieval Islamic philosopher from Spain who deeply influenced Christian Europe—represent a permanent “liberal option” that may have been rejected during a certain period of the history of the Muslim umma (community) but which nonetheless remains alive and available today?
The Cracked Foundations of the Right to Secede
Authors: Horowitz Donald L
Published: February 2007

Reinterpreting the principle of self-determination, some theorists have
proposed that victimized ethnic groups ought to have a right to secede
from states in which they are located. Proponents of such a right assert
that, by separating antagonistic groups, secession can alleviate ethnic
conflict. Secession, however, does not create homogeneous successor states
or assure protection of remaining minorities, and its converts domestic
ethnic conflict into more dangerous international conflict. Recognition
of a right to secede would dampen attempts to adopt conciliatory policies
in the undivided state, and would likely increase ultimately fruitless
secessionist warfare. The best hope for severely divided societies lies
not in encouraging secession or partition but in devising institutions
to increase the satisfaction of minorities in existing states.
Epistolary Passions: Friendship and the Literary Public of Constance de Salm, 1767-1845
Authors: Colwill Elizabeth
Published: February 2007

The epistolary friendships of Constance de Salm--a feminist and femme
philosophe (woman philosopher) prominent in her own time but virtually
forgotten today--provide a counterpoint to feminist scholarship that
has tended to idealize relationships among women. Salm's little-known,
unpublished correspondence from the late eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries reveals that competition and political expediency excluded from
her circle those female intellectuals most like herself. Her closest
relationships with women, while characterized by intense attachment,
often flourished in the context of radical difference in wealth,
status, or celebrity. They were also far more conflict ridden and
volatile than were her relationships with men. The relational world of
Constance de Salm promises to open up a new history of friendship, and
sheds light upon the ways in which friendships among both men and women
contributed to the emergence of a female literary sphere in the early
nineteenth century. Studying the relations among gender, epistolarity,
and intimacy yields a more nuanced understanding of gendered spheres,
and suggests the complexity and public significance of the bonds
of womanhood in late-eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe.
Depicting Mestizaje : Gendered Images of Ethnorace in Colonial Mexican Texts
Authors: Kellogg Susan
Published: February 2007

For over one-quarter of a century, social historians of colonial Latin
America have been concerned with issues of identity and difference,
especially race, yet few have paid attention to gender as an important
factor in social differentiation. This article provides such analysis,
exploring the relationships among gender and other identity categories
through examination of the construction of gendered ethnoracial categories
in a variety of colonial Mexican texts. Kellogg argues that depictions
of women of color helped creole elites embrace, however, ambivalently,
their mestizaje (mixed-race heritage) as a symbol of Mexican protonational
identity.
Going Against the Grain: Hobbes's Case for Original Maternal Dominion
Authors: Wright Joanne H
Published: February 2007

When read in his historical context, Hobbes emerges as an enigmatic �gure who, although an advocate for absolute power, went against the grain of his male and female contemporaries in laying the foundation for a thorough critique of the notion of natural inequality between the sexes. In positing the �rst political right to be that of mothers over children--original maternal dominion--and in using tales of Amazons and historical queens to suggest the legitimacy of female rule as well as the consensual basis of all relationships, Hobbes opened a space in which gender relations might be radically, albeit brie�y, reconceived. Hobbes's argument, although purely instrumental, constituted a more direct political attack on the theory of patriarchalism than even female religious activists of the English Civil War were able to mount. While accepting feminist political theorist Carole Pateman's conclusion that Hobbes ultimately recon�rmed modern patriarchy, this article challenges her use of the story of the sexual contract to �ll in the gaps of Hobbes's provocative narrative and argues that there is more to Hobbes than his apparent exclusion of women from the social contract
Dressing Up and Dressing Down: Prostitution, Pornography, and the Seventeenth-Century English Textile Industry
Authors: Mowry Melissa M.
Published: February 2007

John Dunton's 1696 parable about the dangers of middle-class women
dressing like "persons of quality" has its roots in the more or less
endemic anxiety that prostitutes' "excellent Art . . . can easily turn
a Sempstress into a waiting Gentlewoman." Recent scholarship on early
modern prostitution and pornography interprets the time-honored conflation
of women's bodies and the clothes they wear largely in economic terms,
emphasizing English culture's treatment of prostitution as a degraded
expression of capitalist production and consumption. But Dunton's allegory
eludes this economic account of clothing's relationship to prostitution
and pornography as he insists that clothing causes middle-class women's
social and sexual degradation, rather than masking it. This insistence
situates Dunton's warning within a half-century-long tradition of
antidemocratic political pornographic satire that used clothing as a
political rather than a social or economic signifier.
The Environment and International Trade
Authors: Vogel David
Published: February 2007

This article examines the increasingly important and often contentious relationship between international trade and environmental regulation in the United States. It begins by explaining why these two policy areas have recently become more interdependent and then explores some of the specific controversies surrounding the contemporary linkages between trade policy and environmental regulation. The article concludes by analyzing the long-term political and economic impact of the relationship between trade and environmental policy.
Divergent Paths to Drug Regulation in the United States and the United Kingdom
Authors: Ceccoli Stephen
Published: February 2007

Significant differences in the availability of new medicines in the United States and the United Kingdom became apparent in the 1970s. This article examines the history of drug regulation in the two countries and argues that the divergence was the result of distinctive regulatory approaches that emerged simultaneously throughout the twentieth century. The British approach was based largely on informal, nonstatutory controls, while the American approach relied heavily on centralized regulatory controls. The article argues that the nature of business-government relations has played a significant role in the divergence. The impact of these divergent approaches is apparent in the contemporary regulatory framework, especially with respect to determining the effectiveness of new drugs.
Consuming Kashmir: Shawls and Empires, 1500-2000
Authors: Maskiell Michelle
Published: February 2007

Kashmiri shawls serve as a material vector to trace how European assumptions of geographical determinism, racial hierarchy, and gender essentialism underpinned the seemingly disparate nineteenth-century narratives about design history and various theories about an "Asiatic mode of production" in labor history. The continuing strength of these assumptions is demonstrated by the contemporary marketing in 2001 of pashmina ("woven goat hair" or cashmere) shawls, using the recycled tropes of exoticism and fantasy ethnography crafted during the heyday of British colonialism.
The Universalizing Principle and Process: On the West's Intrinsic Commitment to a Global Context
Authors: Headley John M
Published: February 2007

This essay seeks to define both the nature and the operation in time and space of a unique feature of Western civilization--namely, its early identification of the idea of Humanity as a total spiritual/moral collectivity and the often erratic and uncertain, but never entirely abandoned, commitment to the realization of that comprehensive community. Its imperfect manifestation is first expressed in a religious cast, which in the course of the Renaissance passes to a more expansive and diverse secular register, where the more fragile and inevitably particularistic notion of Civilization displaces and frequently disfigures but never entirely loses the ongoing momentum of commitment to a universal jurisdiction of a common, all-inclusive humanity. The early modern period (1300-1700) provides the main context for analysis of the shift from the specifically religious to the more secular register for the continuity of this idea. In the modern period, barely suggested here, only with the near suicide of that very unique civilization in two world wars will the necessity of operating within a common, level playing field of now self-conscious, distinct civilizations and cultural groups reshape that earlier, expressly religious/spiritual message into an increasingly secular, scientific/technical register toward world community.
The Morality of Human Gene Patents
Authors: Resnik David B
Published: February 2007

This paper discusses the morality of patenting human genes and
genetic technologies. After examining arguments on different sides
of the issue, the paper concludes that there are, at present, no
compelling reasons to prohibit the extension of current patent laws
to the realm of human genetics. However, since advances in
genetics are likely to have profound social implications, the most
prudent course of action demands a continual reexamination of
genetics laws and policies in light of ongoing developments in
science and technology.
Underdetermination and Incommensurability in Contemporary Epidemiology
Authors: Weed Douglas L.
Published: February 2007

In the shadowy world between philosophy of science and ethics lie
the paired concepts of underdetermination and incommensurability.
Typically, scientific evidence underdetermines the hypotheses
tested in research studies, providing neither proof nor disproof. As a
result, scientists must judge the weight of the evidence, and in
doing so, bring scientific and extrascientific values to bear in their
approaches to assessing and interpreting the evidence. When
different scientists employ very different values, their views are said
to be incommensurable. Less prominent differences represent
partial incommensurabilities. The definitions and analyses provided
by McMullin and by Veatch and Stempsey lay the foundation for
the description of partial incommensurabilities in the current
practice of assessing and interpreting epidemiologic evidence. This
practice is called "causal inference" and is undertaken for the
purpose of making causal conclusions and public health
recommendations from population-based studies of exposures and
diseases. Following the work of Bayley and Longino, several
suggestions are examined for dealing with the partial
incommensurabilities found in the general practice of causal
inference in contemporary epidemiology. Two specific examples
illustrate these ideas: studies on the relationship between induced
abortion and breast cancer and those on the relationship between
moderate alcohol consumption and breast cancer.
Health Care as an Essential Building Block for a Free Society: The Convergence of the Catholic and Secular American Imperative
Authors: Place Michael D
Published: February 2007

As the twentieth century closes, marked by triumphal strides in
medical advances, the American society has yet to ensure that
each person has access to affordable health care. To correct this
injustice, this article calls on the nation's political and corporate
leaders, providers, and faith-based groups to join all Americans in a
new national conversation on systemic health care reform. The
Catholic faith tradition is one that compels both a proclamation to
ministry values and a commitment to speak out against the
challenges or threats to what are essential to the well-being of
individuals and society. The Catholic health ministry must therefore
be both a voice for the voiceless and an agent of transformation.
The nation's goal should be to "reposition" health care from its
status as an important, but ultimately optional building block to one
that is essential.
Rehabilitating Equipoise
Authors: Miller Paul B , Weijer Charles
Published: February 2007

When may a physician legitimately offer enrollment in
a randomized clinical trial (RCT) to her patient? Two answers to
this question have had a profound impact on the research ethics
literature. Equipoise, as originated by Charles Fried, which we term
Fried's equipoise (FE), stipulates that a physician may offer trial
enrollment to her patient only when the physician is genuinely uncertain
as to the preferred treatment. Clinical equipoise (CE), originated
by Benjamin Freedman, requires that there exist a state of honest,
professional disagreement in the community of expert practitioners as to
the preferred treatment. FE and CE are widely understood as competing
concepts. We argue that FE and CE offer separable and, in themselves,
incomplete justifications for the conduct of clinical trials. FE
articulates conditions under which the fiduciary duties of physician to
patient may be upheld in the conduct of research. CE sets out a standard
for the social approval of research by institutional review boards. Viewed
in this way, FE and CE are not necessarily competing notions, but rather
address complementary moral concerns.
Consistency, Common Morality, and Reflective Equilibrium
Authors: Brand-Ballard Jeffrey
Published: February 2007

Biomedical ethicists often assume that common morality constitutes
a largely consistent normative system. This premise is not taken
for granted in general normative ethics. This paper entertains the
possibility of inconsistency within common morality and explores
methodological implications. Assuming common morality to be
inconsistent casts new light on the debate between principlists and
descriptivists. One can view the two approaches as complementary
attempts to evade or transcend that inconsistency. If common
morality proves to be inconsistent, then principlists might have
reason to prefer a less pluralistic theory, thereby moving closer to
descriptivism. Descriptivists, by contrast, might want to qualify their
claim to accommodate all of people's basic moral convictions. Finally,
both camps might wish to adopt a more revisionist posture, accepting
that an adequate ethical theory occasionally will contradict some of
people's deepest moral convictions. Proper application of the method of
reflective equilibrium, to which both descriptivists and principlists
claim allegiance, may entail greater openness to revisionism than either
camp admits.
The Dead Donor Rule: How Much Does the Public Care. .. And How Much Should We Care?
Authors: Crowley-Matoka Megan , Arnold Robert M.
Published: February 2007

In this brief commentary, we reflect on the recent study by Siminoff, Burant, and Youngner of public attitudes toward "brain death" and organ donation, focusing on the implications of their findings for the rules governing from whom organs can be obtained. Although the data suggest that many seem to view "brain death" as "as good as dead" rather than "dead" (calling the dead donor rule into question), we find that the study most clearly demonstrates that understanding an individual's definition of death is neither a straightforward task nor a good predictor of views about donation. Reflecting on the implications for ongoing debates over the dead donor rule, we suggest that perhaps it is not a change in policy that is warranted, but rather a change in the priorities that have garnered such intense focus on this issue within the field of bioethics.
Maps of Resistance and Geographies of Dissent in the Cholla Region of South Korea
Authors: Yea Sallie
Published: February 2007

In the postcolonial (post-1948) period in South Korea, South Cholla and North Cholla provinces, which collectively constitute the Honam region (hereafter simply referred to as Cholla), have come to occupy a marginal place in the political economy of Korean development and a peripheral, even counter-hegemonic, place in national politics. In addition, the region has long suffered the stigma of social discrimination and the humiliation of cultural and ideological subordination within the Korean nation-state. This article explores the imagined map of Cholla as it has been constituted structurally and textually, both historically and more recently. I argue that the historical and contemporary processes of marginalization have collectively supplied both the catalyst and reference point for popular struggle in the region. Since Cholla occupies a central place in Korean popular literature, the main part of the essay considers the ways Cholla figures in populist texts. This literary reconstitution of the region, I suggest, in turn contributes to its reproduction as a radical region.
Living with Rhetoric, Living against Rhetoric: Korean Families and the IMF Economic Crisis
Authors: Kim Seung-Kyung , Finch John
Published: February 2007

This article examines the impact of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) crisis
on families in South Korea and the ways that the crisis brought competing ideologies
(conservative vs. progressive) to the foreground. Based on Þeldwork in
South Korea during the Þnancial crisis, we look at how individual families coped
with economic insecurity and at the public discourse about family and gender
generated by the crisis. The economic crisis caused widespread unemployment and
even broader economic uncertainty that created hardships for many families. It
also triggered a debate over gender roles and modernization as the country tried
to determine the best strategy to cope with its eects. Finally, we look into the
differential impact of the crisis on families in dierent social strata.
Melville's Pierre Nervous Exhaustion; or "The Vacant Whirlingness of the Bewilderingness"
Authors: Rachman Stephen
Published: February 2007

This essay examines nervous exhaustion in Herman Melville's most problematic novel, Pierre, or the Ambiguities
(1852). Nervous exhaustion, as it is figured by Melville, is an issue in which disease and literary understanding converge.
Pierre can inform our understanding of nineteenth-century nervous disease (or more broadly still, diseases of culture)
and its connection to literature and how it was that Melville came to articulate this nervous vision.
Truth, Trauma, and Justice in Gillian Slovo's Every Secret Thing
Authors: MacCurdy Marian M
Published: February 2007

MacCurdy probes and complicates contemporary orthodoxies
regarding both writing and healing and justice and healing.
Focusing on trauma theory, the conventions of the trauma memoir,
global political realities over the last century, and the political
realities of South Africa over the last fifty or so years, MacCurdy
examines questions of justice and healing in situations where
punishment for terrible crimes against masses of people is not
possible. MacCurdy's analysis is energized by her own Armenian
heritage, which places her in a position that resonates with that of
many South Africans, including Gillian Slovo.
Harlem's Queer Dandy: African-American Modernism and the Artifice of Blackness
Authors: Glick Elisa F
Published: February 2007

Investigating the figure of the
queer black dandy in the art and literature of the Harlem Renaissance, this
article argues that African American modernists such as Wallace Thurman and
Richard Bruce Nugent revise nineteenth-century, European models of dandyism and
decadence in order to critique the cult of authenticity surrounding the
cultural construction of blackness. Their rebellion against the commodification
of black identity gives birth to a new aesthetic that combines the naturalized
simplicity and vigor of primitivism with the artifice of decadenceÐmaking
legible a distinctly African American incarnation of the new forms of desire,
identity, and community emerging in modern, urban culture.
Economic Policies in Greece during 1990-1993: An Assessment
Authors: Pelagidis Theodore
Published: February 2007

An analysis of the conservative economic policy of the period
1990-1993 in Greece shows that its results were negative. In order
to end the economic crisis in Greece, a new policy is needed that
will emphasize economic growth, pay attention to public investment
in the infrastructure in order to generate an increase of productivity
in the private sector, raise the level of business activity, and reduce
the risks faced by individual firms. For the crucial field of exchange
rate policy, what is needed is a "crawling peg" policy according to
market signals.
Of Crete and Other Demons: A Reading of Kazantzakis's Freedom and Death
Authors: Beaton Roderick
Published: February 2007

Once seen as a patriotic evocation of the Greek nationalist struggle
of the nineteenth century, Freedom and Death can now be seen to
revolve around a number of interrelated conflicts: sexual (in the
overlapping, triangular relationships of Mihalis-Nuri-Emine and of
Michalis-Polyxingis-Emine); internal (Mihalis's struggles with his
"demons"); and ideological/psychological (the "gravitational" pull of
Crete and the ancestors versus the centrifugal, enlightening
trajectory of Kosmas). Kazantzakis revisits and implicitly criticizes
earlier intellectual positions of his own (aestheticism, nationalism).
At the same time, the novel pursues a parallel quest (unresolved) to
that articulated in the two novels on the Christ story (conflict/union
with the divine). But since Freedom and Death is a work of fiction,
not of philosophy, it deserves to be read for the play of nonhuman
forces acted out by its human protagonists, and hence may be
compared with later South American fiction, especially that of
Márquez.
The Concept of Resemblance in Kazantzakis's Tragedies Christ and Buddha
Authors: Gounelas Charalampos-Demetres
Published: February 2007

Much of Kazantzakis's writing has as its philosophical basis the
dynamic, generating power of the mind. In his tragedies the
repeated device of a play within a play offers an image of the mind's
reflection to itself of what is already known. These plays show that
art is not an artifact, but the release of "the eternal recurrence of
the same," the "same" being traceable to the pre-Socratic concept
of "resemblance." If art is brought into being by the
"resemblance" between what exists and what is reflected in the
mind, then art can capture the unique "oneness" that cannot be
deviated from. The play Christ is enacted in the mind of the
Typikaris, the Faithful, and those in the apparition, each of whom
calls out for his own individual Christ-who is however ultimately
beyond the shape given him by anyone. It is the "resemblance"
among each of these Christs that allows access to the primary,
unified force. Similarly in Buddha, where at least three plays are
interwoven, the spiritual quest leads to a void that is Buddha: "we
enter eternity by the strength of the mind." "Resemblance" is
paradoxically a reflection upon reflection that renounces individual
shapes and returns to the "One."
Nikos Kazantzakis's Novels on Film
Authors: Bien Peter
Published: February 2007

The three films made from Kazantzakis's novels distort their
sources. Celui qui doit mourir (1956) distorts Kazantzakis's vision
because the film, unlike the book, ends with the displaced villagers
barricaded behind a rock shooting at their oppressors, which negates
everything the book tries to say. Cacoyannis's Zorba the Greek
(1964) distorts its source not because the novel's ending is changed, but
because it is omitted, giving the idea that the boss becomes like Zorba,
which again negates what the book is trying to say. Scorsese's The Last
Temptation of Christ (1988), although true to the source in its plot,
distorts Kazantzakis's artistic aim by reducing the novel's exuberant
language to Brooklynese half-sentences. It is legitimate to contend,
of course, that a film ought to be allowed to stand on its own,
unsupported by the novel it is interpreting. Yet, one always hopes with
significant works of literary art that the film will project
the essence of its source to a broader audience. In this regard, all
three of the Kazantzakis films constitute opportunities missed.
Renos Haralambidis's No Budget Story: Cinema and Manhood as Radical Carnival
Authors: Horton Andrew
Published: February 2007

Renos Haralambidis represents a new generation of young Greek
filmmakers who are beginning to make playful contemporary films
which blur the boundaries between real life and fiction and which
are made, as the title of his 1997 award-winning hit film No
Budget Story suggests, for almost no money at all. This film
avoids the pretentiousness of those films that appeal to an ancient
past and confuse allusions to classical myths and sources with a depth of
storytelling. No Budget Story is a refreshingly contemporary "take"
on Athenian culture at the end of the century, combining everything from
subway scenes to music by Tom Waits and playful winks to Robert DeNiro
in Taxi Driver (1976). Along the way, in such a carnivalesque
approach to cinema, Haralambidis also captures a refreshingly original
depiction of "masculinity" that contrasts strongly with both Hollywood
images of manhood and traditional Greek male roles both in society and
on the screen. Neither "macho" nor a "Karagkiozis" fool, Haralambidis
emerges as a young man combining an innocence and quiet energy that
succeed in defying cultural stereotypes.
Cavafy, Forster and the Eastern Question
Authors: Jeffreys Peter
Published: February 2007

The work of Constantine Cavafy and that of E.M. Forster are marked
as much by difference as by similarity. The similarities derive largely
from their shared tradition of Western Hellenism. The differences stem
from their dissenting views over the evolution of Hellenism and its
survival into the Hellenistic and Byzantine periods. Forster's hostility
to Christianity and his Gibbonesque view of Byzantine culture were in
marked contrast to Cavafy's view of Byzantium. In this light, Cavafy's
final unfinished poems reflect a curious nostalgia and may be read
as a subtle refutation of Forster. The Asia Minor Catastrophe further
complicated their relationship. Despite his efforts to promote Cavafy,
Forster showed great indiscretion by soliciting for his translation
project the assistance of Arnold Toynbee, who had resigned from the
Koraes Chair amidst controversy. Forster's own pro-Turkish stance
undoubtedly alarmed Cavafy and caused him to be less than forthright
in granting Forster publishing rights. Their literary friendship was
greatly affected by the political events of the Balkans.
Appropriating Social Energy: The Generation, Accumulation, and Conversion of Capital in the Performance of the Anastenaria
Authors: Sansom Jane A
Published: February 2007

The Anasten�ria, a ritual complex observed in several
villages in northern Greece, is most famous for its 21 May performance
in celebration of Saints Constantine and Helen.
This performance, which includes music, dancing, prayer, the
sacrificing of animals, and a firewalk, has become a popular
tourist attraction, resulting in some cultural commodification of
the ritual and its central objects, the icons. Through association and
involvement in the Anasten�ria, individuals and groups
engage in struggles for the accumulation of different types of what
Bourdieu (1993) calls capital. Different forms of capital are made
available through different kinds of participation and involvement in
the ritual. The Anasten�ria is a site where capital is
generated and transferred, and participation in it is a form of symbolic
labor. The fact that the ritual is now a tourist attraction does not mean
that it has ceased to be a significant religious celebration. Indeed
popularization has introduced additional meanings, widened the ritual's
effects, broadened its appeal and become a significant dynamic in
the way Anasten�ridhes generate and negotiate identity.
Classics in Performance
Authors: Lambropoulos Vassilis
Published: February 2007

This paper examines different ways in which ancient quotations are incorporated in contemporary poetry, arguing that Greek writing has often freed itself from the interpretive demands of modernist classicism by adopting the position of a public, virtuosic performance. By cultivating the ethics of an agonistic relation with their ancient predecessors, poets today reinvent cultural literacy and fashion their unique place in literary and intellectual history.
"Tarrying with the Negative": Baudelaire, Mallarme, and the Rhythm of Modernity
Authors: Earle Bo
Published: February 2007

Drawing
on commentary by De Man, Benjamin, Poulet and Bersani, I argue that
Baudelaire's Harmonie du Soir and
Mallarm�'s H�rodiade set out not
only to testify to modernity's constitutively fragmentary, and implicitly
violent, experience of time, but also to create new norms of conceptual and
formal coherence for experiencing such fragmentation positively. As Benjamin
puts it, they offer not the experience of shock itself, but "the experience for
which the experience of shock has become the norm." Specifically, I suggest
that they elevate the experience of the Kantian sublime to a definitively
modern experience, an exemplary norm of our era.
Reframing the Colonial Gaze: Photography, Ownership, and Feminist Resistance
Authors: Eileraas Karina
Published: February 2007

This
essay recasts photographic creation and consumption from a postcolonial
feminist perspective. It begins with a reflection on nineteenth-century legal
debates regarding how to define the authorship of photographic imagery. It goes
on to consider the work of French portraitist Marc Garanger, who shot identity
card portraits of Algerians for the French military during the Algerian
revolution . Finally, this essay asks how the Algerian-French novelist Le�la
Sebbar engages with the photographic gaze in her literary work. It concludes
that Sebbar devises creative strategies for misrecognizing "wounding"
colonial imagery by seizing on the ambivalence and ferocity of women's looks.
The "Sensible," the Maternal, and the Ethical Beginnings of Feminist Discourse in Djebar's L'Amour, la fantasia and Loin de Medine
Authors: Wehrs Donald R
Published: February 2007

Assia Djebar's 1985 Algerian novel L'Amour, la fantasia dramatizes the difficulty of finding a
place for contemporary feminist Islamic discourse to begin, while her 1991
novel Loin de M�dine
confounds both Western reductions of Islam to "fanaticism" and Muslim
alternatives of conventionalist or fundamentalist interpretation by depicting
the Prophet's authority as indissociable from his ethical subjectivity:
revelation emerges from responsiveness to the Other. Articulating by example an
ethics concordant with feminism, the Prophet exemplifies a subjectivity
inspired in its transcendence of naturalized ideologies and egocentricism, a
subjectivity that L'Amour, la fantasia portrays as at once ethically necessary and emancipatory.
Between Theory and History: On the Interdisciplinary Practice in Michel Foucault's Work
Authors: Takacs Adam
Published: February 2007

The works of Michel Foucault often disappoint those who are approaching it from a solid disciplinary basis. In this paper I will argue that if the attempt to interpret Foucault's work from the standpoint of a certain academic discipline, be it philosophy or history, may lead to ambiguous consequences, then there is still a possibility to consider it from an interdisciplinary point of view. I will indicate two aspects of Foucault's interdisciplinary thinking. First, the problematization that he himself calls the "history of the present", then an outcome of this practice that I would like to call the "historical modelling" of the human condition.
La Symphonie politique: Notes sur le Beethoven de Victor Hugo
Authors: Prevost Maxime
Published: February 2007

This paper attempts to show that while the young Victor Hugo proved oblivious to music in general and that of Beethoven in particular, the mature writer of William Shakespeare (1864) tried to make amends for reasons having more to do with politics than musicology. Indeed, Victor Hugo may have included Beethoven in his artistic pantheon so as to better exclude Goethe, the other "great German" whose anti-democratic and aristocratic stance clashed with Hugo's republican ideals. (MP)
Le Ventre de Paris de Zola: Il y a eu un mort dans la cuisine
Authors: Rollins Yvonne Bargues
Published: February 2007

Si dans ce roman de la dévoration le mythe de l'Ogre apparaît, entre autres, dans l'image de Quenu vendant de la chair humaine après la mort de son oncle sur la planche à hacher, il n'en est pas moins évident que la vraie victime du hâchoir des Halles, Florent, est détruit, non seulement par la rage des Gras contre les Maigres, mais surtout par les paroles mauvaises et mensongères du quartier, savamment orchestrées par la vieille Saget. Commérages et histoires font pendant aux notes recueil-lies par Logre, le "lieutenant" de Florent, contribuant à sa chute. Le pouvoir des mots finit donc par détruire le rêveur, l'idéaliste, ces mots auxquels il a cru, dans sa naïveté révolutionnaire. (In French)
La Proie et l'ombre. Durtal et la confusion gastro-sexuelle
Authors: Smeets Marc
Published: February 2007

In this article, we argue that the familiar conception of food as a prelude to the sexual act assumes obsessive and problematic proportions in Huysmans's 1891 novel L�-Bas. Durtal, a somewhat misplaced Casanova, seems to suffer from what we would call a gastro-sexual pathology and is therefore unable to enjoy sex or food. But there is a way to cure this "anomaly," and it is to be found in Catholicism, or perhaps rather, "decadence?" (In French) (MS)
The Genre of Postcoloniality
Authors: Hitchcock Peter
Published: February 2007

This essay sets out to explore what happens to concepts of genre and postcoloniality when they are considered contiguously. The history of generic distinctions in literary form bears renewed scrutiny alongside the emergence of postcoloniality as an identity. Indeed, the latter presents specific problems for our understanding of the former. By reading several examples of genre critique (including Derrida and Bakhtin) alongside what is held to constitute postcoloniality, I attempt to provide a polemical investigation of what grounds genre, and how the grounds of genre shift historically.