bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional and Radiological Outcome of Meniscal Repair and Conservative Management for Medial Meniscal Root Tear – A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Chettinad Hospital and Research Education, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India., Kumar K V Arun , Thavasianantham Krishnavel ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Chettinad Hospital and Research Education, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India., Pandian Prashanth ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Chettinad Hospital and Research Education, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India., Pandian Haemanath ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Chettinad Hospital and Research Education, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India., Pradeep E ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Chettinad Hospital and Research Education, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India., Mohideen Sheik ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Chettinad Hospital and Research Education, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: To sustain hoop stress, prevent extrusion, and maintaining the function of the meniscus, the posterior root attachment point of the medial meniscus is essential. The purpose of this study is to determine the functional and radiological outcome of conservative therapy and meniscal repair for medial meniscal root tears.

Materials and Methods: Prospective evaluations were performed on forty individuals who confirmed a diagnosis of Medial meniscus root tear (MMRT). Among the 40 patients, 20 underwent arthroscopic meniscal repair and 20 underwent conservative management and followed up a period of 2 years. Functional outcome between two groups was measured using Tegner Lysholm score and IKDC score. Radiological outcome was measured using X-rays (medial joint space width, joint space narrowing, K-L grade).

Results: Both group showed improvement in Lysholm score and IKDC. When comparing the clinical outcomes between both the groups, Group A showed significantly better outcome (P = 0.02). About 60% of patients in Group A and all patients in Group B showed K-L grade progression. Of the patients in Group A, 5% had significant K-L grade progression and 10% had severe joint space constriction. Of the patients in Group B, 80% had significant K-L grade progression and 25% had severe joint space constriction. Meniscal repair had considerably superior outcomes for radiologic parameters than conservative care (P < 0.01) when we examined the final results of Groups A and B.

Conclusion: The MMRT repair group had better functional and radiological outcome than the conservative treatment group. Although treatment did not entirely stop the advancement of arthrosis, meniscal repair decreased the rate of arthritic changes when compared to the conservative group.

Keywords: Knee, meniscal root tear, arthroscopic repair, meniscal root repair, pull-out repair, conservative management.
Predictive Modeling of Osteoarthritis Using Biochemical Markers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India,, Arumugam Mani , Joseph P Chacko Paul ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India,, Jeyaraman Naveen ,   Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,, Ramasubramanian Swaminathan ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,, Hari Rajeswary ,   Department of Biotechnology, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Jeyaraman Madhan ,   Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage deterioration, joint pain, and reduced mobility. This study aimed to quantify the association between specific biochemical markers and OA and to develop a predictive model for assessing OA risk based on these markers.

Materials and Methods: A total of 200 participants (mean age: 55.2 years) were recruited for this cross-sectional analysis, conducted at Sri Lalithamabigai Medical College and Hospital between June and September 2023. The study included 100 patients with X-ray-confirmed knee OA and 100 healthy controls. Biochemical markers – Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, magnesium, chromium, and selenium – were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, immunoassays, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis involved independent t-tests and logistic regression, with model performance assessed by accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC).

Results: The mean levels of the measured markers in the OA group were 19.82 ng/mL for Vitamin D, 58.10 pg/mL for PTH, and 135.70 IU/L for ALP, compared to 43.24 ng/mL, 23.73 pg/mL, and 53.13 IU/L, respectively, in controls. Significant differences were observed in Vitamin D, PTH, and ALP levels between OA patients and controls (P < 0.05). The predictive model demonstrated excellent performance, with an AUC-ROC of 1.00.

Conclusion: The study identified significant associations between specific biochemical markers and OA. However, given the systemic influences on these markers, their role in predicting OA risk should be interpreted with caution. Further, research is needed to validate these findings and explore their potential in personalized OA management strategies.

Keywords: Osteoarthritis, biochemical markers, predictive modeling, personalized medicine, cross-sectional analysis.
Management of Thoracolumbar Spinal Tuberculosis by Decompression and Posterior Stabilization with Pedicle Screw Fixation
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Ahmad Sohail , Anwer Adnan ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Singh Gajendra ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Jilani L Z ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Khurana Shivank ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Harun Faisal ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Spinal tuberculosis (TB) is a significant health problem. While chemotherapy is the primary treatment, surgery is necessary in some cases. This study investigates the posterior approach for treating thoracolumbar spinal TB with neurological involvement.

Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included 75 patients with thoracolumbar TB and neurological deficits. All underwent posterior decompression and stabilization using pedicle screw fixation. Pre and post-operative neurological status, pain scores, and kyphotic angle were assessed.

Discussion: The posterior approach demonstrated advantages over the traditional anterior approach. It facilitated decompression, improved neurological function, and corrected spinal deformity. Posterior fixation allowed early mobilization, reducing complications from prolonged bed rest. These findings align with previous research supporting the posterior approach for spinal TB.

Conclusion: The posterior approach with decompression and pedicle screw fixation is a safe and effective surgical method for thoracolumbar spinal TB with neurological involvement. It offers good clinical outcomes, minimizes complications, and facilitates faster patient recovery.

Keywords: Spinal tuberculosis, posterior approach, neurological deficit, kyphotic deformity, pedicle screw fixation.
High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) Reinforcement of Amorphous Materials: A Pathway to Superior Wear and Corrosion Resistance
Authors: DOBRIN Emilia , MURARIU Alin-Constantin
Published: December 2024

The escalating demand for advanced structural materials with superior wear and corrosion resistance in aeronautical and military applications has spurred interest in amorphous alloys, particularly metallic glasses, due to their non-crystalline atomic configurations and exceptional mechanical properties. High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) spraying, a high-performance thermal spray technology, has emerged as a robust solution for enhancing the surface integrity of these materials by delivering dense, well-bonded coatings. This study investigates the integration of HVOF in reinforcing amorphous materials, with a specific focus on augmenting wear resistance under extreme mechanical stresses and improving corrosion protection in hostile environments. Key parameters such as particle velocity, flame temperature, and spray distance are analyzed to optimize coating quality while preserving the amorphous phase. The article delves into the microstructural evolution during deposition, assessing the resultant performance improvements through empirical data and computational models. Findings indicate that HVOF reinforcement significantly enhances the operational longevity of amorphous materials, positioning them as viable candidates for high-stress, corrosive conditions in military aviation, defense systems, and aerospace components.
Materials and Structures Used in Aeronautics: Present and Future Perspectives
Authors: FLOREA Mihai , CONSTANTIN Vlad-Stefan , BUCUR Andrei-Christian , FAUR Raluca , PREDU Denis , CAZACU Alexandru
Published: December 2024

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the development of novel materials for aeronautic applications. This effort aims to reduce costs by extending the operational life of structural and engine components, improving fuel economy, load capacity, and flight range. This paper investigates metallic materials such as aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, steels, nickel superalloys, and metal matrix composites (MMCs), providing an overview of recent advancements and highlighting current challenges and future perspectives in aeronautic metals. Several crucial factors are considered when selecting materials for aviation applications. These materials must withstand various environmental conditions, including humidity and temperature, as well as mechanical stresses such as tension, compression, bending, cyclic loads, creep, and torsion. The selection process is complicated by the wide range of available materials and the numerous variables involved, with cost being a critical factor in making an informed decision. In aviation, the most significant material characteristics are strength combined with lightness and stability in the operating environment. Trial and error can be costly in this context, necessitating well-planned design and engineering to ensure resistance to aerodynamic forces during flight. This approach has drawn the interest of aircraft designers since the inception of the Boeing 747, which utilized 1.3% composite materials. Modern aircraft, such as the Airbus A380 and Boeing 787, now incorporate 25% and 50% composite structures, respectively. Research has increasingly focused on enhancing the efficiency of structural engineering and material development through the use of sandwich structures. These structures are valued for their excellent stiffness-to-weight ratios and impact energy absorption properties. A typical sandwich structure consists of two thin, rigid face layers bonded to a core material. While various core materials like balsa and foam have been used in aviation, the honeycomb structure is the most prevalent. Honeycomb core configurations, including hexagon, reinforced hexagon, rectangle, flex-core, and square cell, primarily serve to support normal loads in the longitudinal direction and shear loads along the transverse axis.
A Machine Learning-Based Approach for Predicting Aerodynamic Coefficients Using Deep Neural Networks and CFD Data
Authors: NEGOITA Mara-Florina , HOTHAZIE Mihai-Vladut
Published: December 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are increasingly being adopted across various fields, including aerodynamics, exhibiting impressive results in complex computational processes and improving prediction accuracy. This study introduces a novel method for airfoil performance assessment through the development and training of a deep Artificial Neural Network (ANN), used for predicting aerodynamic coefficients and pressure distributions, leveraging comprehensive data obtained by using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver. First, an automated CFD solver was developed for obtaining the extensive dataset needed for the effective training of the ANN. The automation process consisted in the generation of a geometry and a mesh, along with the successful integration of the open-source SU2 solver for conducting the aerodynamic simulations, chosen for its versatility and straightforward integration. Once various airfoil analyses were performed and a comprehensive dataset was obtained, data was normalized and the model was trained. Throughout the training process, several model configurations were tested, varying different architectures, hyperparameters and layer settings, until the best-performing layout was chosen. After broad testing and validation, the optimal configuration was identified as being the one to demonstrate the lowest error rates and the most accurate predictions on both training and unseen data, highlighting the model’s generalization capabilities. This Machine Learning-based approach, used as a substitute for traditional methods, provides remarkable accuracy and robustness, capturing complex behaviors and significantly reducing the computational costs associated with CFD simulations.
The Myth of Western Superiority: East-West
Relations in Historical Context
Authors: Davidann Jon
Published: December 2024

The myth of Western superiority, one of the world’s most powerful myths,
has endured through the ages. But in the late nineteenth and twentieth
centuries, critiques from the Japanese intellectual Fukuzawa Yukichi and
Marguerite Harrison, an intrepid American journalist and thinker, laid bare
its mendacity. Even though it was not immediately overturned, Fukuzawa
and Harrison contributed to the decline of this myth. The journalist
Marguerite Harrison also recognised the ferment of Asia in her book, Asia
reborn , predicting the region’s emerging power and dynamism.
Transnational Subjectivity in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Manimporok Manimporok
Published: December 2024

This article shows how ordinary seafolk from the Japanese archipelago known
as hyakushō contributed to the creation of a world beyond the international
order of nation-states and the global marketplace. These were people of the sea
for whom the label ‘Japanese’ citizen, or any other national categorisation,
would be historically inaccurate. Focusing on their transnational subjectivity
allows us to discern historically distinctive temporal and spatial imaginations.
The past and ongoing erasure of such spatio-temporal imaginations play a part
in reproducing binary worldviews such as the West-Rest dichotomy. In this article, I propose a way of reconstructing forgotten times and places by examining
traces of transnational movements—by describing the late nineteenth century
emergence of ‘the Arafura Zone’ in the peripheries of turn-of-the-twentieth century modern empires between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Spatial coherence of synchrotron radiation degraded by grating monochromators
Authors: Khubbutdinov R. , Geloni G. , Saldin E. , Bagschik K.
Published: December 2024

Fourth-generation synchrotron sources promise an enormous increase in the spatial coherence of X-ray radiation. In the EUV to soft X-ray range, the spatial coherence could reach almost 100% in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Identifying and understanding potential sources of degradation in the spatial coherence of X-rays transported along the beamline is critical to enable optimal performance for the experiments at the beamlines. Grating monochromators are an essential optical component of most EUV and soft X-ray beamlines. Recently, we have found that the spatial coherence is strongly degraded by the gratings used in these monochromators. In this work, we present a detailed physical and theoretical description of the origin and underlying effects that cause this degradation and describe the influence of the grating parameters and the exit slit of the monochromator. The theoretical analysis is presented in the framework of statistical optics. It is important to note that the described effects in the paper are distinct from the decoherence effects based on optics vibrations and the resulting virtual source broadening or wavefront degradation caused by surface irregularities and optical roughness.
High-power femtosecond molecular broadening and the effects of ro-vibrational coupling
Authors: Watson Kevin , Saule Tobias , Ivanov Maksym , Schmidt Bruno E. , Rodnova Zhanna , Gibson George , Berrah Nora , Trallero Carlos
Published: December 2024

Scaling spectral broadening to higher pulse energies and average powers is a critical step in ultrafast science, especially for narrowband Yb-based solid state lasers, which have become the new state-of-the-art. Despite their high nonlinearity, molecular gases as a broadening medium inside hollow-core fibers have been limited to 25 W, at best. We demonstrate spectral broadening in nitrogen at ten-fold average powers up to 250 W with repetition rates from 25 to 200 kHz. The observed ten-fold spectral broadening is stronger compared to the more expensive krypton gas and enables pulse compression from 1.3 ps to 120 fs. We identified an intuitive explanation for the observed average power scaling based on the density of molecular ro-vibrational states of Raman active molecules. To verify this ansatz, the spectral broadening limitations in O2 and N2O are experimentally measured and agree well. On these grounds, we propose a perspective on the role, suitability, and limits of stimulated Raman scattering at high average and peak powers. Finally, high-harmonic generation is demonstrated at 200 kHz. These findings can have strong implications for intense, high-repetition-rate, pulsed ps laser propagation in the atmosphere where the dominant species are N2 and O2.
Noise2Image: noise-enabled static scene recovery for event cameras
Authors: Cao Ruiming , Galor Dekel , Kohli Amit , Yates Jacob L. , Waller Laura
Published: December 2024

Event cameras, also known as dynamic vision sensors, are an emerging modality for measuring fast dynamics asynchronously. Event cameras capture changes of log-intensity over time as a stream of “events” and generally cannot measure intensity itself; hence, they are only used for imaging dynamic scenes. However, fluctuations due to random photon arrival inevitably trigger noise events, even for static scenes. While previous efforts have been focused on filtering out these undesirable noise events to improve signal quality, we find that, in the photon-noise regime, these noise events are correlated with the static scene intensity. We analyze the noise event generation and model its relationship to illuminance. Based on this understanding, we propose a method, called Noise2Image, to leverage the illuminance-dependent noise characteristics to recover the static parts of a scene, which are otherwise invisible to event cameras. We experimentally collect a dataset of noise events on static scenes to train and validate Noise2Image. Our results show that Noise2Image can robustly recover intensity images solely from noise events, providing an approach for capturing static scenes in event cameras, without additional hardware.
Large scale paired antibody language models
Authors: Kenlay Henry , Dreyer Frédéric A. , Kovaltsuk Aleksandr , Miketa Dom , Pires Douglas , Deane Charlotte M.
Published: December 2024

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that can identify and neutralise a wide variety of antigens with high specificity and affinity, and constitute the most successful class of biotherapeutics. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, billions of antibody sequences have been collected in recent years, though their application in the design of better therapeutics has been constrained by the sheer volume and complexity of the data. To address this challenge, we present IgBert and IgT5, the best performing antibody-specific language models developed to date which can consistently handle both paired and unpaired variable region sequences as input. These models are trained comprehensively using the more than two billion unpaired sequences and two million paired sequences of light and heavy chains present in the Observed Antibody Space dataset. We show that our models outperform existing antibody and protein language models on a diverse range of design and regression tasks relevant to antibody engineering. This advancement marks a significant leap forward in leveraging machine learning, large scale data sets and high-performance computing for enhancing antibody design for therapeutic development.
Difference in summer heatwave-induced damage between desert native and urban greening plants in an arid desert region
Authors: Li Bo-Rui , Sun Nan , Xu Ming-Shan , Sun Qi-Xing , Wang Hui-Ming , Zhou Jie , Luo Xu , Lv Guang-Hui , Yang Xiao-Dong
Published: December 2024

Summer heatwaves have caused a distinct mortality between urban greening and native plants. However, there are insufficient studies revealing the underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that differentiation in hydraulic traits and their integration cause the varied heatwave-induced damages between the two plant types. To prove it, three desert native species and five urban greening species were selected as the experimental objects. Then, the number of damaged individuals caused by summer heatwaves were investigated based on the 100 individuals for each species. The hydraulic traits (including hydraulic transport, photosynthetic and leaf traits) of 3–5 mature individuals were measured for each species. The comparative analysis (independent sample t test and one-way ANOVA) and the collaborative analysis (Pearson correlation and network analysis) were used to reveal the differences in heatwave-induced damage, hydraulic traits and their integration between urban greening and native plants. Our results showed that the heatwave-induced damage to urban greening plants was larger than that to native species. Water potentials of leaf and branch in pre-dawn and midday, P50, leaf dry matter content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of desert native species were significantly lower than those of urban greening plants (P < 0.05), while twig specific hydraulic conductivity, Huber value, wood density, intrinsic water use efficiency and the specific leaf area showed opposite patterns (P < 0.05). Trait integration of desert native species (0.63) was much higher than greening plants (0.24). Our results indicate that artificial urban greening plants are more susceptible to drought stress caused by heatwaves than native desert species. In the context of global climate change, in order to maintain the stability and function of urban ecosystems in extreme climate, the screening of greening plants should start from the perspective of hydraulics and trait integration, and more native species with strong drought adaptability should be planted.
Performance study of oil-injection hermetic CO2 scroll compressor for automotive air conditioning system
Authors: Hao Jingying , Wang Zhizhong , Bu Gaoxuan , Zhang Bo , Shu Pengcheng
Published: December 2024

An oil-injection CO2 scroll compressor prototype and relative simulation model are developed for automotive Air Conditioning. The effects of oil to refrigerant mass ratio on the compressor performance are studied theoretically and experimentally. The results show that oil-injection is an effective way to improve the volumetric and indicated efficiencies, and reduce discharge temperature. The optimal oil-injection quantity varies at different conditions, and it decreases from 7.9% to 6.3% at fixed discharge pressure 10MPa when the suction pressure increases from 4.5MPa to 5MPa. Similar linear relationships are found and the different slopes of the line are exhibited at fixed suction and discharge pressure separately. Numerical results show that oil-injection has little influence on pressure in working chamber during suction and discharge process, but it can slow up the rising of pressure in compression process and reduce the salient of pressure at the end of compression process.
Burden of scabies in a Ghanaian penitentiary
Authors: Amoako Yaw Ampem , Oppong Michael Ntiamoah , Laryea Dennis Odai , Kyem Gloria , Gyabaah Solomon , Agbanyo Abigail , Agbavor Bernadette , Kotey Nana Konama , Dzathor Irene , Owusu-Antwi Felicia , Asiedu Kingsley , Phillips Richard Odame , Stienstra Ymkje
Published: December 2024

Background

There is a dearth of information concerning the epidemiology of human scabies in prisons. Therefore, we aimed to assess the burden of scabies and ascertain if prevalence was high enough to warrant mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin in a medium security prison in central Ghana.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study in December 2022 and recruited inmates at the Kumasi central prison in Ghana. Medical history and demographic information was collected using a REDCap questionnaire. A standardised skin examination of exposed regions of the body was performed on all participants and scabies was diagnosed based on the criteria of the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS).

Results

Of the 559 participants, 19 (3.4%) were female. The median (IQR) age was 36 (33–40) years. There were 368 cases (65.8%) of scabies which was mostly located on the hands, fingers and finger webs. No female inmate had scabies. Scabies severity was predominantly mild (63.3%) or moderate (30.7%). Among males, the median (IQR) number of persons per cell was 115 (56–118) and 7 (7–8) for female prisoners. 79.2% of 96 individuals previously treated in the preceding two months still demonstrated skin manifestations of scabies. Impetigo was found in 12.9% of participants. Seventeen percent of participants with scabies had impetigo compared to 5.8% in individuals without scabies [RR 2.9 (95% CI 1.6–5.5)].

Conclusion

A very high proportion of inmates suffered from scabies in the prison. MDA with ivermectin and health education are needed to reduce the burden of scabies in the prison. Its implementation and effectiveness should be studied.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on fertility behaviour in Indian states: Evidence from the National Family Health Survey (2019/21)
Authors: Rahman Md. Mahfuzur , Pradhan Manas Ranjan , Ghosh Manoj Kumer , Rahman Md. Moshfiqur
Published: December 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic affected a broad spectrum of people’s lives very quickly. Although the pandemic could influence people’s fertility behaviours in several ways, there is little knowledge about such influence in diverse socioeconomic and cultural settings. This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fertility behaviours and desires among women in a lower-middle-income country, India.

Data and methods

Our study analyzed cross-sectional data from 13 states and union territories (UTs) in India that were surveyed in pre- and post-lockdown periods by the 2019/21 National Family Health Survey (NFHS). The data were analysed using the descriptive analysis technique and the multilevel logit model. All these analyses were performed using the technique developed for complex sample design.

Results

The poverty-stricken states of Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand and the Odisha state with moderate socioeconomic status experienced a significant decrease in contraceptive use and non-significant changes in the desire for birth and sexual activities after the lockdown. Contraceptive use significantly increased after the lockdown in the rich states of Punjab, Delhi, and Tamil Nadu, as well as in the Arunachal Pradesh state with moderate socioeconomic status. The changes in fertility behaviours in Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Odisha may influence fertility positively, while those changes in Punjab, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, and Arunachal Pradesh may influence fertility negatively.

Conclusion

At the aggregate level, there was a significant increase in desire for another child and a decrease in contraceptive use after the lockdown, which may influence fertility positively but can be compensated by reduced sexual activities. The influence of the fertility trends in the states with pro-natalist changes on India’s recent fertility trend could be greater than those with anti-natalist changes, which can be better understood by analyzing reliable data from a couple of years following the 2019/21 NFHS.
Tide motion: Ecoperformance, somatic wisdom and Merger as Research
Authors: Fernandes Ciane
Published: December 2024

This article explores the application of somatics in the methodology of Practice as Research (PaR) through ecoperformances in aquatic environments. For the past fifteen years, I have been devising a PaR approach based on Somatics, dance theatre and performative practices, called Somatic-Performative Research (SPR). Through SPR, I have been exploring Laban/Bartenieff Movement System and Authentic Movement in fluid environments, especially the seashore and in the ocean. Influenced by Warren Lamb’s Posture Gesture Merger, I named this unfolding Merger as Research. The current text discusses the somatic premises of this PaR approach, and its role in today’s hectic living circumstances. This discussion is particularly relevant to me as mother of a 20-year-old severe autistic adolescent. Within a hydro-centric context, somatics and ecoperformance generate a neurodiverse modality of PaR, which validates a multiplicity of wisdom beyond what is considered as purely rational. This approach intends to honour different pathways towards much broader forms of knowledge, including more-than-human. Intelligence is no longer a quantitative data produced by an accelerated and abstract (human) mind but rather integrated modes of interacting, learning and growing with/in an ever-changing environment.
A construção coletiva de um plano comunitário de enfrentamento a desastres: diálogo de saberes como base, redução de riscos como objetivo
Authors: Freitas Leonardo Esteves de , Cassiano dos Santos Janaina , Lacerda Carvalho Nathalia , Nunes Flavio Souza Brasil , Coutinho Natalia
Published: December 2024

Em 2022, ocorreu a maior precipitação registrada em Angra dos Reis/RJ, Brasil: mais de 600 mm em 24h, acarretando movimentos de massa que mataram 23 pessoas. No bairro de Monsuaba morreram 11 pessoas, apesar da atuação da Defesa Civil. O Fórum de Comunidades Tradicionais, a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz e a Universidade Federal Fluminense iniciaram diálogos com a comunidade do bairro para a construção de um Plano Comunitário de Enfrentamento a Desastres que capacite os moradores com conhecimentos acadêmicos e comunitários para lidar com os riscos. Foram realizadas oficinas de mapeamento participativo que identificaram 5 tipos de ameaças, associados às 24 áreas. Espera-se que este Plano, a ser lançado no início de 2025, seja um balizador das ações de prevenção e resposta à desastres e fomente a construção de outros planos semelhantes, uma vez que a demanda pela discussão de gestão de riscos está aumentando e se intensificando entre as comunidades tradicionais da região.
Risks and conflicts in the formation of human capital for Information and Communications Technology (ICT) activity in the state of Ceará-Brazil
Authors: Silva Emerson Mariano da , Gonçalves Marlene Pinheiro
Published: December 2024

The study presents the results of quantitative diagnoses of human capital formation in information and communications technology (ICT) in higher education institutions (HEIs) based in the State of Ceará in Brazil. The methodology employed uses the information contained in the Higher Education Census (1995 to 2019) and in INEP’s Manual for the Classification of Undergraduate and Sequential Courses (CINE Brazil), plus the information provided in the e-MEC database of the Brazilian Ministry of Education, combined with information on sectors of economic interest (ICT clusters) defined by government bodies (SEDET, ADECE and IPECE) and the Observatory of the Federation of Industries of the State of Ceará (FIEC). Descriptive statistical and trend analyses of future scenarios (2020 to 2040) were carried out using ARIMA and SARIMA models. The results show that human capital was trained in the region in the last decade (2010 to 2019) at HEIs located in the metropolitan region of the capital of the state of Ceará. The findings also made it possible to highlight the undergraduate courses that require greater attention and coordination between the public authorities and the productive sector to guarantee sustainability and identify the risks of human capital formation for the development of the region's economy.
Reconstruction of concrete morphology using deep learning
Authors: Šperl Ondřej , Sýkora Jan
Published: December 2024

In this contribution, the concrete morphology is reconstructed with a simple algorithm selecting a pixel value based on the small set of surrounding pixels. A deep neural network (DNN) is used as a classifier, and the authors focus on studying different DNN architectures. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on several statistical descriptors and the grain size distributioncurve.
Verificação numérica da singularidade do escoamento Newtoniano em uma contração 4:1 por meio da formulação corrente-vorticidade
Authors: Palhares Junior Irineu Lopes , De Andrade Larissa Vitória Ribeiro
Published: December 2024

Neste estudo é investigado o comportamento assintótico do campo de velocidade e da vorticidade em torno de um canto reentrante. A análise é realizada por meio de simulações numéricas de escoamento Newtoniano em uma contração com razão 4:1, utilizando a formulação corrente-vorticidade. As equações que descrevem esse escoamento foram discretizadas utilizando a técnica de diferenças finitas, e o código numérico foi implementado em linguagem C. A robustez do comportamento assintótico é avaliada sob três condições distintas: variações no número de Reynolds, utilização de geometrias com diferentes comprimentos e comparação dos resultados com os obtidos pela abordagem Marker-And-Cell (MAC). O objetivo principal deste trabalho é validar a previsão do comportamento assintótico próximo à singularidade geométrica e demonstrar a independência desse fenômeno em relação às variações dos parâmetros operacionais e à extensão da geometria da contração. A investigação também aborda a eficácia comparativa das metodologias corrente-vorticidade e MAC, destacando a boa concordância entre as formulações.  Os resultados indicam que, embora ambas as abordagens sejam capazes de capturar o comportamento fundamental do escoamento, ainda há diferenças nos pontos mais próximos à singularidade, sugerindo a necessidade de aprimoramentos nos modelos computacionais para simulações de escoamentos com características geométricas complexas.
Progress of material degradation: metals and polymers in deep-sea environments
Authors: Hao Zhanhui , Zhang Zhijia , Zhou Wenjun , Zhang Songsong , Ma Teng , Wei Hao , Wang Guojun , Wang Qiang , Wang Lin , Li Rui
Published: December 2024

Given the critical need for ocean exploration, improving the durability of materials in the deep-sea has become a paramount concern. The harshness of deep-sea, such as high pressure, variable seawater flow rates, and corrosive media, lead to premature aging and failure. This work examines the utilization of metals and polymer coatings in deep-sea applications, detailing the characteristics of the deep-sea and its influence on these materials. In particular, chloride ions in seawater pose significant hazards to metal corrosion, which is the main reason for metal failure. Then, the degradation process and the latest research advances of various materials in the deep-sea environment are summarized, and the failure mechanism of the metal/coating system in the deep-sea is analyzed. It was found that the failure of polymer coatings can be divided into three processes, and adding an appropriate amount of fillers to the coating (such as adding 0.2 % graphene to water-based polyurethane) can extend the service life of the coating. Finally, the development trend of the company in the future is predicted. It has guiding and reference significance for the study of the failure behavior of metals and polymers in the deep-sea environment.
Effect of Computer Simulation Integrated with Jigsaw Learning Strategy on Students’ Attitudes towards Learning Chemistry
Authors: Kekeba Shimelis Kebede , Gure Abera , Olkaba Taklu Tafesse
Published: December 2024

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of computer simulation integrated with jigsaw learning strategy (CSIJLS) on students’ attitudes towards chemistry. Additionally, it sought to determine whether the usage of CSIJLS resulted in any changes in attitudes between male and female students. Researchers employed a quantitative research method and a quasi-experimental design. The participants consisted of three classes, with a total of 144 students aged above 18, assigned to two experimental groups and one comparison group. The researchers collected data using a chemistry attitude Likert scale test administered before and after the intervention. One-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were employed to analyse the data. The results of the one-way ANOVA indicated that there was a significant difference in attitude between the three groups after the implementation of CSIJLS among the three groups (t(141) = 93.9, p = 0.000 < 0.05), indicating that students taught through CSIJLS performed significantly better than those taught using the jigsaw learning strategy alone and conventional methods in terms of their chemistry attitude post-test results. Additionally, the independent t-test analyses revealed no significant differences in attitudes towards chemistry between male and female students when they learned through CSIJLS.
On k-prime graphs
Authors: Abughneim Omar A. , Abughazaleh Baha’
Published: December 2024

In the context of a simple undirected graph

G

G

, a

k

k

-prime labeling refers to assigning distinct integers from the set

{

k
,
k
+
1
,

…

,
∣
V

(

G

)

∣
+
k
−
1

}

\left\{k,k+1,\ldots ,| V\left(G)| +k-1\right\}

to its vertices, such that adjacent vertices in

G

G

are labeled with numbers that are relatively prime to each other. If

G

G

has a

k

k

-prime labeling, we say that

G

G

is a

k

k

-prime graph (k-PG). In this article, we characterize when a graph up to order 6 is a k-PG and characterize when a graph of order 7 is a k-PG whenever

k

k

and

k
+
1

k+1

are not divisible by 5. Also, we find a lower bound for the independence number of a k-PG. Finally, we study when a cycle is a k-PG.
Participant role shifting in minority language institutional interactions: COVID-19 contact tracing telephone calls as complex spaces of linguistic non-understanding
Authors: De Timmerman Romeo , Bafort Anne-Sophie , Vandenbroucke Mieke , Slembrouck Stef
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of collecting and disseminating publicly relevant health information from and to lay audiences to combat global health crises. In Flanders, Belgium, reaching linguistic minority groups within this context largely depended on government-mandated contact tracing through telephone interactions, which was initially put in place to contain the level of outbreak, but was gradually tasked with relaying safety measures and other information related to the pandemic. In line with these developments, Flemish contact tracing over the telephone initially supported Belgium’s three national languages, viz. Dutch, French and German, as well as English as a lingua franca. This list was gradually expanded with minority languages including, among others, Turkish, Arabic, Bulgarian and Polish. This article reports on a one-year fundamental research project as part of which we recorded and analyzed telephone contact tracing conversations which were conducted in the minority languages Turkish and Arabic. We specifically analyze these Turkish and Arabic data as spaces of linguistic non-understanding from the perspective of the researcher-fieldworker (van Hest, Ella & Marie Jacobs. 2022. Spaces of linguistic non-understanding in linguistic ethnography (and beyond). In Methodological issues and challenges in researching transculturally, 14–38. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8772518), and aim to uncover their impact on the interactional dynamics in this ‘novel’ institutional activity type. Through a Goffmanian analysis, the study reveals how the inclusion of minority languages in contact tracing practice led to complex shifts in participant roles, as contact tracers balanced their institutional responsibilities with imperatives of patient-centered rapport, cultural mediation, and enabling the data collection on behalf of the researchers. The condition of linguistic non-understanding also underlines how the (potential) presence of an overhearing eavesdropper may have influenced the interactional dynamics between contact tracers and index patients. The paper hence provides insights into the complexities of conducting contact tracing in a multilingual context, while simultaneously shedding light on the implications of linguistic diversity on situated institutional practices.
The crystal structure of bis(selenocyanato-κ1
N)-bis(methanol)-bis((1E,2E)-1,2-bis (1-(pyridin-4-yl)ethylidene)-hydrazine)iron(II) methanol solvate, C34H44FeN10O4Se2
Authors: Li Yue , Hao Liantao , Guo Shibing , Meng Qing-Guo
Published: December 2024

C34H44FeN10O4Se2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 26.6523(15) Å, b = 7.6259(3) Å, c = 21.3645(11) Å, β = 117.888(7)°, V = 3838.0(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0336, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0748, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2,2′,3,3′-tetrahydro-[1,1′-biindenylidene]-4,4′-diol, C18H16O2
Authors: Hao Yuwei , Ren Zhilin , Bi Jingjing , Wang Haiyan , Chen Qiong
Published: December 2024

C18H16O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.6512(4) Å, b = 4.7795(3) Å, c = 22.9999(15) Å, β = 95.385(6)∘, V = 618.48(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0545, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1712, T = 293(2) K.
Max-phase Ti3SiC2 and diverse nanoparticle reinforcements for enhancement of the mechanical, dynamic, and microstructural properties of AA5083 aluminum alloy via FSP
Authors: Almutairi Sahw S. , Mosleh Ahmed O. , Mohamed Samah Samir , Mahmoud Tamer Samir , Moustafa Essam B.
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effects of max-phase Ti₃SiC₂ and other nanoparticle reinforcements (graphene, CNTs, and SiN) on the mechanical and dynamic properties of friction stir processed (FSPed) AA5083 aluminum composites. Microstructural analysis revealed the impact of these reinforcements on grain size. Dynamic properties were assessed using a free vibration impact test, while mechanical properties were measured through a compression test. Most composites showed enhancements in damping ratio and natural frequency compared to the base alloy, with the Ti₃SiC₂ leading to a substantial increase in natural frequency. The AA5083/max phase Ti3SiC2 composite demonstrated the most significant improvements across nearly all properties, notably enhancing stiffness (+7.35% in E), strength (+25.36% in yield strength), and vibration resistance (+5.83% in fₙ), while significantly reducing damping (−62.76% in ζ). In contrast, the friction stirred AA5083 offered moderate enhancements in strength (+17.86% in yield strength) and a slight increase in natural frequency (+2.00%) but did not significantly improve stiffness and actually increased damping. The base alloy AA5083 served as the baseline for comparison, exhibiting the lowest performance in all categories. The findings highlight the potential of FSP and reinforcement, especially Ti3SiC2, for tailoring the properties of AA5083 for enhanced performance in various applications. These findings emphasize the significance of customizing the reinforcement material to attain the intended mechanical characteristics in AA5083 composites.
A CONSTITUIÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DOCENTE EM SUAS PRÁTICAS COTIDIANAS
Authors: Floriano dos Santos Julio Cesar , Quintina Pereira Bard Raquel , Novais Sousa Sandra
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem a intenção de provocar um diálogo entre os métodos do espaço biográfico e alguns conceitos e teorias de Certeau, no que se refere ao estudo da construção da identidade docente no cotidiano de suas práticas. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e, como resultados, apontamos que a identidade docente é produzida em uma história, pois os processos de formação são fontes para a produção de uma narrativa no presente, a qual, ao ser revisitada, contribui para uma ação transformadora e reflexiva. Concluímos que esse diálogo contribui para compreender a construção da identidade docente e as condições de reflexão e transformação de suas práticas.
OS BEBÊS E O MUNDO
Authors: Freitas Pereira Rachel
Published: December 2024

O estudo parte de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo compreender os processos de socializ(ação) e particip(ação) vividos por nove bebês, com quatro meses a um ano e meio de idade, e três educadoras em uma Escola de Educação Infantil do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo está situado no campo dos Estudos da Infância, em um diálogo entre a Sociologia da Infância, a Sociologia à escala individual, de Bernard Lahire, e a Psicologia Cultural, de Barbara Rogoff. O termo socializ(ação) passou por um processo de recriação, no sentido que enfatiza a ação dos indivíduos sobre a estrutura. Processo, no qual tanto os bebês quanto os adultos se socializam.
A NOVA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE DO CAPITAL
Authors: De Oliveira Paula Mauricio , Anderson Gomes da Silva Patric , Regina Rodrigues Lima Kátia
Published: December 2024

Este artigo objetiva demonstrar o vínculo da proposta de formação dos futuros professores da Educação Básica pública contida na Reforma do Ensino Médio ora em vigor no Brasil com os interesses do grande capital transnacional, no período histórico de consolidação do neoliberalismo e da financeirização da economia. Empregamos o materialismo histórico e dialético como princípio investigativo e a pesquisa documental, efetivada via legislações-chave (Resolução CNE/CP nº 2/2019; Lei nº 13.415/2017 etc.), como fundamento metodológico. Constatamos a precarização laboral, a proletarização e a desprofissionalização iminentes da atividade docente no Brasil.
CORPO CRIANÇA
Authors: Camargo Garanhani Marynelma , Lemes de Paula Déborah Helenise , Brandelero Camargo Gisele
Published: December 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise conceitual da construção do conceito corpo criança à luz de teóricos do campo dos estudos da criança e suas infâncias e de estudos com crianças realizados por um grupo de pesquisa que tem se debruçado sobre os estudos do corpo criança em movimento. Aborda-se sobre o corpo criança a partir do protagonismo infantil e da escuta da criança. Conclui-se que o conceito corpo criança se estrutura a partir da concepção de infância como categoria geracional que se expressa no mundo por meio dos seus movimentos, isto é, uma linguagem da infância.