bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispositivos para la enseñanza de la naturaleza. Tecnología y modernidad en los colegios argentinos de finales del siglo XIX
Authors: Mayoni María-Gabriela
Published: February 2021

La enseñanza de las ciencias naturales en los colegios argentinos hacia finales del siglo XIX implicó la incorporación de diversidad de materiales científicos. Muchos de ellos fueron adquiridos en empresas extranjeras especializadas que habían expandido su oferta y sus horizontes comerciales a diferentes partes del mundo ante la creciente demanda. Esto favoreció, a su vez, la consolidación de un mercado cultural y de consumo de las ciencias que se nutrían de la producción a gran escala de dispositivos de enseñanza disponibles gracias a la utilización y aplicación de nuevos materiales, técnicas y avances tecnológicos que permitían su fabricación masiva y distribución a nivel global. Su estudio permite examinar diferentes formas de vinculación entre el arte y la ciencia, la tecnología y la industria. Así, a través del análisis de la producción, la materialidad y las formas de presentación visual del conocimiento científico de ciertos dispositivos tecnológicos tales como las láminas murales, proyecciones luminosas y modelos tridimensionales, se identificaron determinadas condiciones de creación y circulación. Estas reflejaron la aceptación y expansión de una industria a escala global y en particular en el territorio argentino, en estrecha relación con las ideas de progreso y modernidad de la época.
Babbage, Willis, Reuleaux y el surgimiento del enfoque analítico modular de las máquinas en el siglo XIX
Authors: Sandrone Darío
Published: February 2021

El estudio de las máquinas es un campo que puede rastrearse hasta el Renacimiento. Sin embargo, en la Modernidad adquiere cierto perfil teórico. Se produce una transformación desde los tratados sobre la instalación y uso que conciben a las máquinas como una síntesis entre las estructuras materiales y el trabajo humano, hacia estudios analíticos que las consideran com entidades modulares, como ensamblaje de piezas y mecanismos susceptibles de ser analizados matemáticamente. A su vez, los primeros se caracterizan por un enfoque antropométrico que no ven mayores inconvenientes en usar el lenguaje coloquial e ilustraciones para transmitir el conocimiento acerca de las máquinas; los segundos, en cambio, plantean problemas cognitivos y proponen lenguajes simbólicos específicos para representar el diseño y funcionamiento de las máquinas. Comenzaremos por el siglo XVIII, al ilustrar algunos conceptos provenientes de L’Encyclopédie y de Adam Smith. Posteriormente, nos enfocaremos en los matemáticos del siglo XIX que promovieron las transformaciones mencionadas. En primer lugar, Charles Babbage y su notación mecánica; luego Robert Willis y Franz Reuleaux y sus “mecanismos puros”; y de nuevo Babbage para analizar la complementariedad de la economía política a sus estudios matemáticos sobre las máquinas. Finalmente, mostraremos algunos debates actuales sobre el vínculo entre máquinas, realidad, matemática y lenguaje que, explícita o implícitamente, retoman aquellos problemas y pueden encontrar en el pensamiento de los matemáticos del siglo XIX un antecedente.
Actividad comercial en la transición independentista: “Decreto reglamentando el comercio dictado por el gobierno del Estado de Cartagena de Indias” (1813)
Authors: Pérez-Morales Edgardo
Published: February 2021

La mayoría de los estudios sobre la transición independentista en la América española suelen concentrarse en los procesos políticos. Sin embargo, es válido preguntarse ¿qué pasó con el mundo de la vida material y de las relaciones económicas? El caso de Cartagena de Indias resulta paradigmático pues fue la primera provincia de la actual Colombia en independizarse en 1811. Desde ese momento los grandes y pequeños comerciantes actuaron con pragmatismo, aprovechando la crisis política para consolidar el libre comercio con el extranjero. Por tanto, el decreto aquí transcrito —poco conocido por los historiadores— muestra a un Gobierno cartagenero innovador que reguló un notable despertar comercial y que conectó la ciudad neogranadina con puertos como Baltimore y Nueva Orleans. Aunque estos interesantes esfuerzos desaparecieron con la Restauración en 1815, el documento resulta ilustrativo de una época de transformación económica irregular, acelerada y en conexión estrecha con el mundo exterior.
ECONOMIC RATIONALITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTREPRENEURS IN BULGARIA
Authors: Taneva Tanya , Naydenova Nevena , Genova Petya
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of an empirical survey among entrepreneurs in the agrarian sector in Bulgaria. In view of the serious problems facing its development, the personal potential for entrepreneurial activity of economic agents is crucial for the future of the industry. Therefore, the problem of the rationality of economic decisions and economic behavior is significantly relevant. The main findings of the empirical study show that entrepreneurs have a high degree of rationality for decisions regarding purposefulness, analysis and decision-making, autonomy of intent for action, clarity, logic and consistency in actions. Less rationality is manifested in the prediction of consequences, the realization of the usefulness of business activity and the capabilities for its implementation, the realism, the consistency and the adaptability to circumstances. Overall, behavioral rationality is higher than the rationality of decisions. Subjective assessments of the economic risk of agrarian sector entrepreneurs are high, so preference is given to lower but secure profits. Educational level seems to be a very important factor for business success, but overall, agribusiness operators find it difficult to assess current market situation. There is satisfaction with profit accrued from their business and persistent intention to continue working with high subjective probabilities for success in future.
CULTURAL CONQUEST OF BULGARIAN LANGUAGE FROM ANGLICISMS
Authors: Naydenova Nevena , Taneva Tanya
Published: February 2021

In this artcicle is shown an exchange of Bulgarian words with English ones on a large scale and the way they settle in our native speech. An accent is pointed to the use, frequency and reasons for entering of Anglicisms among politicians as well as younger generation. For the realization of the target an online survey was conducted on social networks, with a sample based on availability. The common results show that Anglicisms, enter aggressively in the Bulgarian language and this is due mainly to the work with information technology, the operativeness of speaking and their presence in the media. A higher level of English proficiency affects the increased use of foreignisms in most people. There is a short backward glance to the past and a hope for cleaning the language from entering foreign words and self-awareness.
WORLD PRODUCTION OF COFFEE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS IN EUROPE, BULGARIA AND USA
Authors: Slavova Gergana , Georgieva Vidi
Published: February 2021

Coffee is the world's second most traded and preferred commodity after oil.
It's a beloved beverage for a large percentage of the world's population.
Due to this fact, it's of interest as a plant culture for research and analysis.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the largest world coffee producers, to determine the difficulties in coffee realization and production as well as the world prices of coffee and the dynamics of their change. For the purpose of our research, methods of deduction, reduction, analysis, dynamics of price changes, trend calculation for future market changes in demand and supply of coffee and price dynamics in the world market have been used.
Geographical distribution and potential geographical range of the Red Skink Scincella assata (Cope, 1864) (Squamata, Scincidae) in El Salvador
Authors: Valdenegro-Brito Antonio Esaú , Herrera-Serrano Nestor , García-Vázquez Uri Omar
Published: February 2021

Scincella assata (Cope, 1864) is known from eight departments from El Salvador. Based on recent fieldwork and research in scientific collections and databases, we report 12 new records of S. assata from the country, bringing the total number of verified occurrences to 40. Scincella assata is recorded for first time in the departments of Morazan and Usulatán. Additionally, we conducted potential distribution modeling of S. assata. Results from the distribution modeling suggest the presence of this species in all 14 departments of El Salvador, four of which currently lack verified records.
An assessment of Cuminum cyminum (Boiss) Essential Oil, NaCl, Bile Salts and their combinations in probiotic yogurt
Authors: Mohajeri Noushin , Mahasti Shotorbani Peyman , Akhondzadeh Basti Afshin , Khoshkhoo Zhaleh , Khanjari Ali
Published: February 2021

This article is prepared to investigate the impacts of Cuminum cyminum essential oil (CEO), NaCl, bile salts, and their combinations on the viability of Lactobacillus casei in probiotic yogurt.The water distillation method was used to extract the CEO, and GC/MS was used to determine its constituents. Then, the CEO’s antibacterial activity, together with NaCl and bile salts, was investigated via the microdilution technique by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against L. casei. Further, the stress effects of 50% MIC on CEO, NaCl, and bile salts were examined by comparing the stress treatments with the control in terms of the L. casei population, pH, acidity, and syneresis percentage in probiotic yogurt during storage in the refrigerator for 28 days.According to the results, the L. casei population and pH decreased in all the treatments during the storage time, such that the intensity of the decrease in the control and CEO treatments was lesser than in other stress treat-ments (P<0.05). The acidity and percentage of syneresis during the storage time increased for all the treatments, with the increase being less in control and CEO than in the other stress treatments (P<0.05). The control and CEO treatments scored the highest in the sensory evaluation (P<0.05).Applying stresses below the MIC resulted in the survival of L. casei in the recommended amount (105–106 CFU mL–1) in the probiotic yogurt until the end of 28 days.
A mesoscale numerical approach to predict damage behavior in concrete basing on phase field method
Authors: Quan Nguyen Hoang , Viet Tran Bao , Tung Nguyen Thanh
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we develop a numerical approach to simulate the 2D complex damage and fracture process of quasi-brittle concrete materials. Based on the phase field theory for the case of elastic isotropic multicomponent materials and the generation process based upon Monte Carlo’s simulation method, we construct a numerical  procedure to solve complex damage thermodynamic problems. The diffusive phase field variable obtained from this calculation can be used to represent the crack nucleation and propagation within 2D complex mesostructure. Some factors that affect the numerical result (type of crack density function and type of split decomposition of strain energy) are accounted to make the predictions more accurate for the case of concrete material. Some new numerical examples are provided to show the usefulness of the approach.
Pendayagunaan Zakat Produktif dalam Meningkatkan Usaha Masyarakat Melalui Program BISA (Bunda Mandiri Sejahtera) Di Yatim Mandiri Surabaya
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menesururi strategi pengelolaan zakat produktif yang dilakukan oleh lembaga amil zakat Yatim Mandiri Surabaya. Signifikankan penelitian ini terletak pada program yang diterapkan oleh lembaga zakat tersebut yaitu program BISA (Bunda Mandiri Sejahtera). Program ini merupakan unggulan sekaligus pembeda dengan pola pengelolaan zakat produktif lainnya. Penelitian ini penting dilakukan mengingat problem pengelolaan zakat produktif masih tersendat dan tidak efektif. Berbagai program yang digalakkan, belum mampu mengangkat derajat lembaga pengelola zakat produktif dapat benar-benar menghasilkan â€œsesuatuâ€ yang dapat meringangkan ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis data deskriptif analisis yaitu teknik analisa data yang digunakan dengan cara mendiskripsikan atau memaparkan data-data yang sudah dikumpulkan kemudian di analisis. Setelah dilakukan penelitian dengan metode tersebut, dihasilkan temuan yaitu pengelolaan zakat di Lembaga Yatim Mandiri Surabaya melalui aspek perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan dan pengawasan untuk mencapai tujuan oragnisasi yang optimal dan  penyaluran zakat produktif di LAZNAS Yatim Mandiri yang diberikan kepada para bunda melalui program BISA dalam bentuk modal usaha bertujuan untuk meningkatkan usaha para bunda.. Usaha yang dijalankan para bunda dapat meningkat karena adanya bantuan dari program BISA, walau budget yang diberikan tidak begitu besar namun manfaatnya dapat dirasakan oleh para bunda. Selain itu didalam program BISA terdapat program pembinaan kerohanian yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan keagamaan para bunda.
Implementasi Wakaf Sebagai Polis Asuransi Syari’ah Melalui IPLAN (Insurance Protection Linked Auto Navigation) Syari’ah Generali Sidoarjo
Authors: Chamid Nur , Febriati Popy Tria
Published: February 2021

Waqf is one of the instruments that must be empowered productively and to the maximum extent possible, one of which is the insurance policy waqf imposed by the MUI DSN in October 2016 which is expected to help the government in its efforts to alleviate poverty and prosper the people. With that PT.Asuransi Jiwa Generali Indonesia formed an institution, namely the Indonesian Waqf Movement (GWI) to expand the network and knowledge of the public regarding sharia insurance policy waqf products through outreach and training to the public. The purpose of this study is to describe (1) the strategy of implementing waqf as an insurance policy through IPLAN Syari'ah Generali, (2) supporting and inhibiting factors in managing waqf as an insurance policy through IPLAN Syari'ah Generali, (3) developing strategies for waqf as an insurance policy. through IPLAN Syari'ah Generali. This research method uses a qualitative approach method. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this study include (1) data reduction (2) data presentation (3) conclusions. The results of the research are as follows: (1) management of productive waqf with cash waqf through insurance waqf products (2) when the policyholder dies 45% of the funds will be donated and the rest is given to the heirs (3) first, supporting factors, establishing the Indonesian Waqf Movement institution to help promote waqf in Indonesia by inviting and socializing the community for waqf. Second, the inhibiting factor, namely the lack of public understanding of cash waqf. (4) the waqf funds from the policy holder will be donated to the waqf management institution which will be developed professionally, namely the Dhuafa Wallet Institute.
Analisis Manajemen Fundrising Umar bin Khattab dan Relevansinya dengan Pengelolaan Zakat di Indonesia
Authors: Harfiah Ningrum Ghosyi , Firmansyah Mu'min
Published: February 2021

The period of Umar Bin Khattab's leadership was a golden age in the history of Islamic economics. The policies made are able to prove the greatness of the Islamic economic system. The success of Umar also made several zakat management organizations (OPZ) interested in implementing it in their operational activities, especially in gathering or fundraising activities. Using a qualitative literature study method, the writer intends to analyze (1) the functions of fundraising management, then combine them with (2) Umar bin khattab's zakat policy, so that (3) the suitability of Umar's policies in fundraising activities carried out by the management organization zakat (OPZ) to help improve the quality of OPZ performance in collecting zakat. The author obtains primary data sources through several main sources, because he cannot make direct observations and interviews. For secondary data sourced from journals, theses, scientific papers and articles obtained via the internet. The results show that the form of zakat policy made by Umar bin Khattab is not directly suitable for implementation in the current OPZ fundraising strategy. It is necessary to study, analyze and adjust in advance to the conditions and conditions of muzakki and mustahik so that fundraising activities can run effectively and efficiently and in accordance with Islamic sharia rules.
Analisis Fatwa MUI Tahun 1982 tentang Mentasharufkan Dana Zakat untuk Kegiatan Produktif dan Kemaslahanatan Umum (Perspektif Yusuf Qardhawi)
Authors: Asegaf M. Maulana
Published: February 2021

This study seeks to answer an uproar issue some time ago in social media about the issue of allocating zakat funds for infrastructure purposes. Although, as reported in one of the electronic media, the head of the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) has clarified that the issue is not true and may not be allocated for infrastructure but only for mustahiq. However, it is quite a shocking because already circulating in the social media, especially the existence of MUI fatwa seemed to legalize these activities in the name of fi sabillah. Therefore, the focus of this research is on the fatwa of the 1982 Indonesian Ulema Council about the allocation of zakat funds for productive interests and public benefit in the perspective of Yusuf Qardhawi. This research is library research using a descriptive qualitative method, in which the researcher observes the fatwa of MUI and various Islamic literature, especially on zakat. In order to find the light of the problem so that it can provide the best solution and not make muzakki feel worried about the zakat funds that they have given to Amil. The results of this research are: First, the allocation of zakat funds for infrastructure was not appropriate because there were still many Mustahiq who needed it more. Second, Zakat funds can be allocated if in an emergency such as if in a country education has been controlled by liberals, radicals, communists and atheists. Third, the allocation of zakat funds in the name of Fi Sabilillah must be in accordance with the agreement of Madzahib Arba’ah , which is only intended for people who are jihad in the path of Allah SWT. Fourth, According to Yusuf Qardhawi in the context of this era, jihad can use oral and written words, although it is not the same as jihad in the textual sense (war). However, by using qiyas, jihad (war) and jihad (non-war) can be equated with the same reason namely Nusrotul Islam.
Peran Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kota Banjarmasin dalam Peningkatan Perekonomian Masyarakat
Authors: Hidayat Taufik
Published: February 2021

The potency of tithe (locally called as zakat) recently is not optimally developed an professionaly managed. Ineffectiveness of operational of tithe collecting agency related to the aspects of administration, distributing, monitoring or in evaluating the tithe has become the factor of this condition. In other word, it can be assumed that the organizational system and management  of tithe is still classical, consumptive and lacking of significant social impact. Bassed on that assumption, the role of government is demmed essential in coping with the issue. Through the tithe collecting agency either in local or in national level, it is espected the management of tithe collection can be optimally down. Meanwhile, Baznas in Banjarmasin City is the object of this reseach in which, according to the writer, this institution has played its rule quite well in the attempt of realizing the laws about the management of tithe (zakat) both in collecting, distributing, and using the tithe and in the attempt of developing the people economic through the prorams of Revolving Loan Fund given by Baznas of Banjarmasin City that can influence the development of the Mustahiq economic trough it recently is not fulfilled maximally.
Acute Response of Toe-Spread-Out Exercise on Medial Longitudinal Arch Height and Balance
Authors: Kim Jinseon , Lee Jusung , Kim Daeyoung , Islomjon Boymirzozoda , Bobokyaw  , Lee Kichung , Yoon Tejin
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES This study was to determine the acute response of the toe-spread-out exercise(TSE) on the medial longitudinal arch height(MLAH) and the static and dynamic balance.METHODS Twenty-four healthy young males and females were randomly assigned to the exercise group(n=12) or to the control group(n=12). The exercise group performed 40 repetitions of TSE while the control group had a rest on the chair. Before and after the exercise or rest, MLAH was measured while standing. One-leg standing test was conducted on the force plate with eyes closed and open. The total distance of the center of pressure (COP) was calculated to assess the static balance. Y-balance test was performed; and the anterior, and medial/lateral posterior reach distances were measured to assess the dynamic balance.RESULTS There was an interaction between group and time for the MLAH (p<.001), and the MLAH in the exercise group increased after the exercise (2.03±1.01 mm; t=-6.930, p<.001). There was an interaction between group and time for the anterior reach distance during the Y-balance test (p=.023), and the distance in the exercise group showed a strong tendency to increase after the exercise (t=-2.104, p=.059). No interaction was found for the total distance of the COP.CONCLUSIONS The 40 repetitions of TSE increased MLAH and showed a positive effect on dynamic balance in healthy young males and females. These results suggest that TSE can be useful as a new exercise method to improve the foot arch structure and function. Further research with the longer duration of TSE training for various populations is warranted.
Comparison of Prevalence of Hyperlipidemia, Medical Expenses, Inpatient, Emergency and Outpatient According to the Level of Physical Activity of Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of 2018 Korea Medical Panel
Authors: Lee Byung-Kun
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to compare the difference in the prevalence of hyperlipidemia according to the level of physical activity in adults, and to compare the difference between annual personal medical expenses, hospitalization, emergency and outpatient use depending on the level of physical activity for hyperlipidemia patients.METHODS The 2018 Korea medical panel data was used (14,489 adults and 2,559 Hyperlipidemia). Physical activity was measured with short form of IPAQ and converted to MET-minutes per week. The days of hospitalization, and personal medical expenses were compared, and frequency analysis, logistic regression, ANOVA and chi-square were performed.RESULTS The prevalence of hyperlipidemia based on the inactive group were decreased both minimally active group (OR = 0.94) and the active group (OR = 0.74, p<0.01). Annual personal medical expenses I (p<.01) and II (p<.01) with hyperlipidemia were all showed significant differences depending on the level of physical activity. On active group basis, medical expenses showed slight differences of 3.0 to 3.2% with the minimally activity group, but that of the inactive group were 19.3 ~ 21.7% higher. The annual days of hospitalization were 6.8 ± 7.2 days in activity group, minimally activity group 7.1 ± 7.2 days, inactive group 11.7 ± 26.0 days. There was no significant difference in the annual days of hospitalization and emergency between the three groups. In particular, the annual days of outpatient increased sharply at the inactive group. Participation in physical activity has been shown to have a significant effect on hospitalization and decreasing use of emergency rooms.CONCLUSIONS Hyperlipidemia prevalence was similar to inactive groups and minimally activity groups, and that of activity groups was 0.74. On medical expenses of hyperlipidemia, the activity and minimally activity group was similar, the inactivity group was 19.3 to 21.7% higher. Physical activity was found to have a positive effect on hospitalization and emergency use reduction.
The Effect of Combined Treatment of Chiropractic and Shoulder Flexibility Exercises on the Balance Ability of the Deformed Cervical Alignment Subjects
Authors: Park Il Yong , Lee Mi Yong , Khil Jae Ho
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of changes in cervical alignment on balance ability, to correct cervical alignment, and to present effective interventional variables that can improve balance ability.METHODS Group 1 (Deformed cervical alignment group, n = 16) and Group 2 (Normal cervical alignment group, n = 16). The subjects measured their balance ability before and after treatment with chiropractic and shoulder flexibility exercises. Balance ability was measured by static balance and dynamic balance. For Group 1, chiropractic was treated once a week for 15 minutes, and shoulder flexibility exercise was treated three times a week for one hour. The pre- and post-measurement results of Group 1 were compared with Group 2, and differences among groups and groups were analyzed. The test method was tested with the Independent t-test and Paired t-test.RESULTS Group 1 showed a significant reduction (p<0.04) in the distance between the 7th cervical spine and gravity line, showing an improvement in cervical alignment. In the static equilibrium, the significant difference that was measured beforehand disappeared and the sum of deflection decreased. The dynamic balance did not disappear significantly but the balance ability improved as the sum of deflection decreased.CONCLUSIONS The cervical alignment deformation affects the balance ability. A combination of cervical alignment correction and exercise to increase the flexibility of the shoulder and neck muscles were performed. As a result, it was a factor in improving the static balance and dynamic balance ability of the left and right sides of the cervical spine.
Calidad de vida en familias de personas con discapacidad
Authors: Verdugo Alonso Miguel Ángel , Córdoba Andrade Leonor , Rodríguez Aguilella Alba
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: establecer los avances en la comprensión de la calidad de vida en familias de personas con discapacidad en el marco de la atención centrada en la familia.

Metodología: a partir de las relaciones entre familia y discapacidad desde el modelo de calidad de vida, se analizan los principales estudios en España y América Latina.

Resultados: se evidencia que la investigación en calidad de vida familiar ha mostrado progresos importantes en el desarrollo de prácticas profesionales y organizacionales orientadas al fortalecimiento de la autonomía de las familias para la toma de decisiones frente a aspectos cruciales de sus vidas y; un marcado interés en los profesionales y en las organizaciones por contar con herramientas de calidad de vida familiar que les permitan evaluar el impacto de su práctica y sus servicios.

Conclusión: la mejora en la calidad de vida familiar resulta fundamental en el desarrollo personal y la inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad.
Evaluation of the Fun FRIENDS program with a sample of Mexican children
Authors: Gallegos-Guajardo Julia , Ruvalcalba-Romero Norma A. , Chávez-Amavizca Ania , Barrett Paula
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Anxiety symptoms in young children can have negative consequences such as the deterioration of family and interpersonal functioning, and may lead to the development of an anxiety disorder; therefore, the importance of prevention.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Fun FRIENDS program in the reduction of children’s anxiety symptoms and the promotion of emotional and behavioral competences as a protective factor in a sample of Mexican children.

Methodology: The participants included 49 children from the first grade at elementary school along with their teachers. The program was implemented by teachers as twelve consecutive one-week sessions conducted in the classroom. The outcome was measured with a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. Measures included the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS), for parents, Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale (BERS-2), for parents, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), for parents and teachers.

Results: Findings showed a decrease in the subscale of separation anxiety of the PAS, an increase in the interpersonal, intrapersonal and affective strengths subscales of the BERS-2, and an increase in prosocial behavior as measured by the SDQ.

Conclusions: Results indicate promise for the effectiveness of the Fun FRIENDS program as an early intervention program based on the promotion of resilience for Mexican children.
Suicide Ideation and Depression among High-School Students in Mexico
Authors: De la Roca Chiapas José María , Tapia Ibarra Iliana Pamela , Huerta Lepez José Eduardo , Paramo Castillo Daniel , Ramos Frausto Víctor , Pérez Sánchez Lucía
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To analyse the levels of depression and its influence on the presence of suicide ideation among high-school students.

Methods: cross-sectional, observational, and comparative study. The sample included 447 students who answered the following: the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, the Hamilton Scale for depression and a risk factor questionnaire elaborated ex professor. Statistical analysis included a description of variables, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression.

Results: Sixty-six students (14.8%) presented with suicide risk and 29 had made a suicide attempt. Almost 34% of the students presented some level of depression according to the Hamilton Scale.

Conclusions: There is a strong correlation between suicidal behaviours and depression. It is important to raise awareness of the early signs of depression as a risk factor that may potentiate the risk of a suicide attempt.
Analysis of genetic relatedness and paternity assignment in wild Guinea baboons (Papio papio) based on microsatellites v2
Authors: Dal Pesco Federica , Trede Franziska , Zinner Dietmar , Julia Fischer
Published: February 2021

This protocol provides a standardized methodology for the analyses of genetic relatedness and paternity assignment in wild Guinea baboons (Papio papio) based on 24 microsatellite markers. It describes all methodological steps from sample collection and storage, DNA extraction, microsatellite amplification, and genotyping to a detailed explanation of the analyses regarding loci descriptive statistic, dyadic relatedness, and parentage analysis. This protocol was developed as a standardized method utilized by the Cognitive Ethology Laboratory (German Primate Center) to analyse fecal samples from the wild Guinea baboon population at the CRP Simenti field site, PNNK, Senegal.
Possible Selves, Motivation, and Classroom Practices: A Qualitative Enquiry with English Teachers in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Debnath Beauty
Published: February 2021

Studies around the world show that students’ motivation for learning English as a foreign language is usually interconnected with teachers’ motivation. To explore this relationship, this study investigated five Bangladeshi EFL teachers’ early language learning experiences, their visions of possible L2 selves, their motivations for becoming English teachers and the way they connect their visions with their classroom teaching for motivating students. This study employed L2 Motivational Self System (Dorney, 2005, 2009) as the theoretical framework. It was situated in the constructivist paradigm using a qualitative approach taking the form of a narrative enquiry. Data was collected from teachers’ language biographies and in-depth interviews. The thematic analysis of data revealed teachers’ considerable academic and socio-cultural challenges, their improved motivational states and visions of either ‘Ideal L2 Self’ or ‘L2 Learning Experiences’. Teachers with ‘Ideal L2 Selves’ were found more aware of generating students’ L2 vision.  The study also found a considerable influence of social, economic, psychological, infrastructural, and cultural factors on teachers’ professional motivation and commitment. Therefore, the study has brought implications for addressing these factors at an institutional and political level to bring about attitudinal change towards teaching as a profession in Bangladesh.
EAP Learners' Perceptions towards the Use of Tasks in Their Books: Focusing on Needs Analysis
Authors: Shehni Maryam Cheraghi
Published: February 2021

The development of English as a universal language led to the emergence of a new field in English language teaching which is called English for Specific Purposes (ESP). Moreover, English is recently considered as an international language, and with advancements in technology, accordingly, there is a widespread growth in demand for English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses fluctuating in teaching length and mode. The present study, thus, attempts to consider the EAP Learners' Perceptions towards the use of tasks taught in universities as EAP courses for students and what English skills and abilities are required from them on the job.
The Cognitive Bases of Conversion in Modern English
Authors: Gadimova Laila Sahib
Published: February 2021

As known, the end of the 20th - the beginning of the 21st centuries in linguistics is characterized by language learning and studying the language processes from the perspective of anthropocentric paradigm. Moreover, at the age of globalization and innovative technologies, it was the English language that became the working language throughout the world which could not but affect its system. With spread of internet in virtual communication people tend to use the tools to save language. Despite the fact that in the scientific literature there is a great deal of works devoted to the study of different aspects of conversion, there is not a single study in which conversion would be considered as a mechanism of the principle of language saving. The relevance of our study is also explained by the fact that, unlike our predecessors, we consider conversion not as a word-building tool or one of the types of transposition, but as a universal language tool that needs a more detailed and complete description in the language. It is conditioned with the need to consider the factors of cognitive nature that determine the appearance and choice of particular conversion, both as reflection of the needs of the language itself and the communicative tasks of the speaker.
Innovációs periféria a rurális periféria?
Authors: Oláh Dániel , Alpek Levente B.
Published: February 2021

Az innovációk termelésének főáramú elméletéből következtethetünk arra, hogy az innovációk létrejöttének színterei meghatározó mértékben a városi központok és agglomerációk. Kutatásunk célja a tudományos megközelítések plurálisabbá tétele a térbeli innovációtermelésről. A szakirodalom szintetizáló áttekintésével választ adunk arra a kutatási kérdésre, hogy az innováció milyen mértékben köthető a központi urbánus és a vidéki periférikus területekhez. A dolgozat következtetése az, hogy az innováció folyamatával kapcsolatban a kutatások túlnyomó többsége a központokat vizsgálja, pedig az megtalálható a perifériákon is. A perifériák innovációs tevékenysége azonban sok esetben lassú, rejtett és a helyi hagyományokra és adottságokra épül. Az innováció így a központokban sűrűsödhet, de a perifériákon is jelen lehet. A perifériákon viszont kevésbé észlelhető, mert az innovációs folyamat végső szakaszai a városokhoz kapcsolódhatnak. Emiatt további kifejtést és vizsgálatokat igényel a szakirodalmi álláspont, mely szerint innovációk a központokban jönnek létre. A periféria innovációs folyamatai alig kutatott területnek számítanak. A szakirodalmi álláspontokat széles körben integrálni képes elméleti alapvetés lehet, hogy az innovációkat hálózatok, különösen azok sűrűsödési pontjai hozzák létre.
Az élelmiszertermelés relokalizációjának térbeli különbségei és változásuk Magyarországon a XXI. század elején
Authors: Inzsöl Renáta
Published: February 2021

A helyi élelmiszertermelés felértékelődése jellemző az Európai Unióban, illetve Magyarországon egyaránt. A fejlesztési források területileg leghatékonyabb elosztásához a szakpolitikai döntéshozatal számára elengedhetetlen egy olyan eszköz, mely az élelmiszer előállítás térbeli adottságait és fejlődési lehetőségeit is figyelembe veszi. A 2014-2020-as programozási időszak kezdetén nemzetközi minta alapján a hazai viszonyokra adaptált, és meghatározott élelmiszer-relokalizációs index épp ezt a célt szolgálta. Az időszak végéhez közeledve aktuális a változások vizsgálata. Az elmúlt 5 évre vonatkozóan a tanulmány értékeli a hazai élelmiszer-relokalizációs termelői index változását, mely alkalmas a termelői adottságok és a fejlődési potenciál megyénkénti elemzésére. Mivel a korábbi indexben használt indikátorok nem mindegyike releváns, illetve a súlypontok áthelyeződtek, így a korábbi index módosított összetétellel is kiszámításra került. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a korábbi, 2014-es kutatáshoz hasonlóan a hagyományosan mezőgazdasági jellegű megyék esetében hasznosulhatnak leggyorsabban a hazai és EU-s támogatások. Míg az egyéni gazdaságok száma rohamosan csökkent, a 2000-es évek elejétől az ötödére esett vissza, addig a kistermelői aktivitási szint – amely több tényezővel is jellemezhető, mint az online jelenlét, a védjegyek vagy a termelői piacok száma - 8 megyében nőtt 2014-ről 2019-re. Az elmúlt öt évben ugyan jelentős fejlődés ment végbe a helyi élelmiszertermelésben és értékesítésben, de a lehetőségek még korántsem kiaknázottak teljes mértékben.
Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotiplerinde Genotip ve Çevrenin Tane Verimi ve Bazı Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisinin Temel Bileşen ve GGE Biplot Analizleri ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KAHRAMAN Turhan , GÜNGÖR Hüseyin , ÖZTÜRK İrfan , YÜCE İlker , DUMLUPINAR Ziya
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışma, beş ekmeklik buğday genotipi (Pehlivan, Aldane, Selimiye, Gelibolu ve Bereket) ve üç ileri hatta (TE-5843, TE-5427 ve TE-5857) tane verimi ve bazı kalite kriterleri üzerine genotip x çevre interaksiyonunun etkilerini temel bileşen ve biplot analizi ile değerlendirmek amacıyla, 2010-11, 2011-12 ve 2012-13 ürün yıllarında Edirne, Kırklareli ve Tekirdağ lokasyonlarında (toplam dokuz farklı çevrede) yürütülmüştür. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada tane verimi (TV), bin tane ağırlığı (BinTA), hektolitre ağırlığı (HL), protein oranı (PO), gluten oranı (GO), gluten indeksi (GI) ve zeleny sedimentasyon (ZS) özellikleri incelenmiştir. Genotip, çevre ve genotip x çevre interaksiyonları incelenen tüm özellikler bakımından istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre genotiplere ait en düşük, en yüksek ve ortalama TV 598.5-708.3 (661.6) kg da-1, BinTA 35.3-46.5 (40.7) g, HL 80.4-83.3 (82.2) kg/hl, PO % 10.9-12.6 (11.7), GO % 28.1-36.5 (33.0), GI % 62.9-94.2 (85.1), ZS ise 38.4-56.2 (47.6) ml olarak belirlenmiştir. Çevre ortalamalarına göre en yüksek TV (708.3 kg da-1) Bereket çeşidinden, BinTA (46.48 g) Pehlivan çeşidinden, PO (% 12.60) ve ZS (56.22 ml) Aldane çeşidinden, HL (83.27 kg hl-1) Selimiye çeşidinden, GO (% 36.50) TE-5427 genotipinden ve GI (% 94.21) ise TE-5857 genotipinden elde edilmiştir. Temel bileşenler biplot analizleri (PCA) incelenen özelleklikler ile genotipler arasındaki ilişkileri % 86.1 oranında açıklamıştır. Buna göre TV ve PO arasında ise negatif bir kolelasyon belirlenmiştir. Tane veriminde GGE biplot analizleri genotip + genotip x çevre ilişkisini % 72.07 oranında açıklamıştır. Tane verimine göre üç mega çevre oluşmuş, Bereket ile Gelibolu çeşitleri altı çevrenin yer aldığı en büyük mega çevrede yer alarak öne çıkan çeşitler olmuşlardır.
New Record of Terminal Pleistocene Elk/Wapiti (Cervus canadensis) from Ohio, USA
Authors: Redmond Brian G. , Dyer David L. , Stephens Charles
Published: February 2021

The earliest appearance of elk/wapiti (Cervus canadensis) in eastern North America is not thoroughly documented due to the small number of directly dated remains. Until recently, no absolute dates on elk bone older than 10,000 14C yr BP (11,621 to 11,306 calibrated years (cal yr) BP) were known from this region. The partial skeleton of the Tope Elk was discovered in 2017 during commercial excavation of peat deposits from a small bog in southeastern Medina County, Ohio, United States. Subsequent examination of the remains revealed the individual to be a robust male approximately 8.5 years old at death. The large size of this individual is compared with late Holocene specimens and suggests diminution of elk since the late Pleistocene. Two accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon assays on bone collagen samples taken from the scapula and metacarpal of this individual returned ages of 10,270 ± 30 14C yr BP (Beta-477478) (12,154 to 11,835 cal yr BP) and 10,260 ± 30 14C yr BP (Beta-521748) (12,144 to 11,830 cal yr BP), respectively. These results place Cervus canadensis in the terminal Pleistocene of the eastern woodlands and near the establishment of the mixed deciduous forest biome over much of the region. This early temporal placement also situates this early elk as closely following the last representatives of now-extinct megafauna such as the American mastodon (Mammut americanum) and contemporary with the Late Paleoindian inhabitants of the region.
Quality of life evaluation among patients with coronary heart disease at secondary hospital, Yogyakarta
Authors: Dewi Pramitha Esha Nirmala , Mulazamah Zahratul
Published: February 2021

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a progressive disease that continues to increase every year in Indonesia so it becomes a problem and a threat to the community. CHD has several factors that affect the quality of life, both in terms of physical, social, psychological, and environmental. The purpose of this research is to illustrate domain WHOQOL-BREFF and SAQ-7 to the quality of life of CHD which is undergoing outpatient at one of Secondary Hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Methods: This observational study was involving all patients with CHD who came to the Cardiology Outpatient Department during 4 months study period. There were 90 patients who met with eligibility criteria and willing to participate in the study. The SAQ-7 and WHOQOL-BREFF were used to measure the quality of life among the participants.Results: Generally, all the participants in this study considered in the high quality of life even they had been diagnosed with CHD. Among all the participants, surprisingly 97% participants by WHOQOL-BREF and 91% participants by SAQ-7 reported in the high score of quality of life. The most supported factor for their quality of life defined by WHOQOL-BREF was the Psychological domain with r=0.870 and the Treatment Satisfaction with r=0.830 defined by SAQ-7.Conclusions: The highest supportive factor for patient’s quality of life with carrying CHD were the psychological domain and their treatment satisfaction.
Screening of novel 2-4 methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound for central analgesic activity
Authors: Ganugapeta Nishitha , Reddythala Sai Sravan Kumar
Published: February 2021

Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensation that can range from mild, localized discomfort to agony. The mechanism of pain perception involves dedicated subsets of peripheral and central neurons. For management of pain, currently, available treatment regimens are opioid analgesics and NSAIDs which are easily available over the counter drugs. Long term use of analgesics can lead to significant impact on human renal system, cardiovascular system and analgesic abuse etc. So, there is a need for novel, safe and cost-effective analgesic compound. Hence a study on 2-4 methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound, a novel thiophene compound has been carried out in different experimental animal models.Methods: Two methods were used to evaluate the central analgesic activity of 2-4 methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound. First method was Eddy’s hot plate method and compared to standard central analgesic, morphine. Second method was early phase of formalin induced paw licking in mice and compared to a standard drug, aspirin.Results: With eddy’s hot plate method, 40mg/kg dose of 2-4 methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound has shown maximum pain inhibition percentage (PIP) of 45% at 60 min compared to 125% by morphine. Whereas with early phase of formalin test, 40 mg/kg dose of 2-4 methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound has shown maximum PIP of 44% in early phase compared to 60% by aspirin. The results were statistically significant with p<0.05.Conclusions: It can be concluded that 2-4 methylphenylimino-3-carboxamide substituted thiophene compound found to have minimal central analgesic activity as evident in eddy’s hot plate and early phase of formalin tests.
Adverse drug reaction monitoring study in hospitalized patients: support for pharmacovigilance at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: . Chandrabhan , Jain Pushpawati , Jain Shipra
Published: February 2021

Background: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is an integral component of pharmacovigilance. However, under-reporting of ADR is commonly observed. The present study has been planned with aim to assess the pattern of reported ADRs in terms of its frequency, causality and severity so as to reinforce pharmacovigilance activities.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted with the aim to evaluate suspected ADRs in hospitalized patients in departments of Medicine, Surgery and Orthopaedics of a tertiary care hospital in North India for a period of 6 months. The ADRs were assessed in terms of the demographic parameters, organ system affected, drugs implicated, type of ADRs by Rawlin’s and Thompson classification, causality using WHO-UMC scale and severity of ADR by Modified Hartwig’s and Siegel scale.Results: A total of 111 ADRs were reported during the study period. There was male preponderance (54.96%) with majority of ADRs in age group of 18-60 years (79.28%). Gastrointestinal system was most commonly affected (36.36%). The most common drug implicated in causing ADRs was Ceftriaxone (11.71%). Majority of ADRs were Type A reactions (86.49%). Causality assessment using WHO-UMC scale depicted that 74.77% of ADRs were possible. Severity analysis showed that 82.88% of ADRs were mild as per Modified Hartwig’s and Siegel scale.Conclusions: ADR reporting should be encouraged among health-care professionals, para-medical staff and patients in general so that the ultimate goal of pharmacovigilance can be fulfilled.