bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupling an Intercalibration of Radiance-Calibrated Nighttime Light Images and Land Use/Cover Data for Modeling and Analyzing the Distribution of GDP in Guangdong, China
Authors: Cao Ziyang , Wu Zhifeng , Kuang Yaoqiu , Huang Ningsheng , Wang Meng
Published: January 2016

Spatialized GDP data is important for studying the relationships between human activities and environmental changes. Rapid and accurate acquisition of these datasets are therefore a significant area of study. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) radiance-calibrated nighttime light (RC NTL) images exhibit the potential for providing superior estimates for GDP spatialization, as they are not restricted by the saturated pixels which exist in nighttime stable light (NSL) images. However, the drawback of light overflow is the limited accuracy of GDP estimation, and GDP data estimations based on RC NTL images cannot be directly used for temporal analysis due to a lack of on-board calibration. This study develops an intercalibration method to address the comparability problem. Additionally, NDVI images are used to reduce the light overflow effect. In this way, the secondary and tertiary industry outputs are estimated by using intercalibrated RC NTL images. Primary industry production is estimated by using land use/cover data. Ultimately, four 1 km gridded GDP maps of Guangdong for 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2010 are generated. The verification results of the proposed intercalibration method demonstrate that this method is reasonable and can be effectively implemented. These maps can be used to analyze the distribution and spatiotemporal changes of GDP density in Guangdong.
Transition Thinking and Business Model Innovation–Towards a Transformative Business Model and New Role for the Reuse Centers of Limburg, Belgium
Authors: Gorissen Leen , Vrancken Karl , Manshoven Saskia
Published: January 2016

The current dynamics of change, including climate change, resource depletion, energy transition, internet of things, etc. will have substantial impacts on the functioning of contemporary business models. Most firms and companies, however, still largely focus on efficiency strategies leading to sub-optimal solutions (reducing bad impact), rather than radically changing their business model to develop new transaction models more appropriate for today’s world (doing better things). However, persistent sustainability issues arising from our changing societal systems, require more radical and structural changes both within and between organizations to change the way we do business. There is limited empirically established research literature on how businesses can be more proactive in this regard and how they can move beyond “management of unsustainability”. In this paper, we present a transformative business model innovation approach inspired by transition theory combining elements of systems thinking, value-inspired envisioning, reflexive design and co-creation that was pioneered for a consortia of reuse centers in the province of Limburg, Belgium. We demonstrate that this approach contributed to the development of new business model concepts, was conducive for mobilizing support and resources to ensure follow up activity and holds potential to promote a more proactive role for businesses as agents of transformative change.
STUDY OF SOLUTIONS TO A FOURTH ORDER PARABOLIC EQUATION∗
Authors: Liang Bo , Peng Xiting , Shen Huiying
Published: January 2016

This paper studies a fourth-order parabolic equation ut + ε(unuxxx)x − δ|uxx|muxx = 0 with the boundary conditions uxx = 0, u = l and the initial condition u(x, 0) = u0(x). The existence of solutions is obtained from the semidiscretization method. When the initial function is close to a constant steady state solution, the uniqueness of the bounded solutions is obtained. Finally, by the iteration technique from its semi-discrete problem, the solution exponentially converges to a constant steady state solution as the time tends to infinity.
SELF-SIMILAR ANALYTIC SOLUTION OF THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION WITH A NON-NEWTONIAN TYPE OF VISCOSITY
Authors: Barna Imre Ferenc , Bognar Gabriella , Hriczo Krisztian
Published: January 2016

We investigate Navier-Stokes (NS) and the continuity equations in Cartesian coordinates and Eulerian description for the two dimensional incompressible nonNewtonian fluids. Due to the non-Newtonian viscosity we consider the Ladyzenskaya model with a non-linear velocity dependent stress tensor. The key idea is the multidimensional generalization of the well-known self-similar Ansatz, which has already been used for non-compressible and compressible viscous flow studies. Geometrical interpretations of the trial function are also discussed. Our recent results are compared to the former Newtonian ones.
Aires culturelles et recompositions (inter)disciplinaires
Authors: Popa Ioana
Published: January 2016

L’article cible les débuts de l’institutionnalisation des études sur les aires culturelles à la 6 e Section de l’École pratique des hautes études, à partir du milieu des années 1950. Il entend aller au-delà du discours programmatique présentant comme évidente l’association entre aires culturelles, en tant qu’objet, et interdisciplinarité, en tant qu’approche scientifique et organisationnelle, en mettant au jour les recompositions disciplinaires concrètes produites autour d’elles. Ces recompositions sont observées à l’échelle des spécialisations des acteurs institutionnels par rapport auxquels la Division des aires culturelles de l’EPHE se situe. Elles le sont aussi au niveau des compétences certifiées et des trajectoires des acteurs individuels qui initient ou participent à ses activités. Ces réagencements sont enfin analysés à travers les contenus de son programme, qui se démarque de la slavistique sans se réduire à la « soviétologie ». Une pluralité de logiques sont ainsi à l’œuvre : « disciplinarisation » d’un domaine de connaissances, pluri- et interdisciplinarité, mise sous tension des frontières disciplinaires par une circulation des savoirs aussi bien internationale que vers d’autres espaces sociaux, à travers l’expertise.
Nous ne sommes pas les derniers
Authors: Pourriol Olivier
Published: January 2016

Rire, pleurer, s’indigner, défiler, pardonner, expliquer... Et après ?
Computer-Simulated Arthroscopic Knee Surgery: Effects of Distraction on Resident Performance
Authors: Cowan James B. , Seeley Mark A. , Irwin Todd A. , Caird Michelle S.
Published: January 2016

Orthopedic surgeons cite “full focus” and “distraction control” as important factors for achieving excellent outcomes. Surgical simulation is a safe and cost-effective way for residents to practice surgical skills, and it is a suitable tool to study the effects of distraction on resident surgical performance. This study investigated the effects of distraction on arthroscopic knee simulator performance among residents at various levels of experience. The authors hypothesized that environmental distractions would negatively affect performance. Twenty-five orthopedic surgery residents performed a diagnostic knee arthroscopy computer simulation according to a checklist of structures to identify and tasks to complete. Participants were evaluated on arthroscopy time, number of chondral injuries, instances of looking down at their hands, and completion of checklist items. Residents repeated this task at least 2 weeks later while simultaneously answering distracting questions. During distracted simulation, the residents had significantly fewer completed checklist items (
P
<.02) compared with the initial simulation. Senior residents completed the initial simulation in less time (
P
<.001), with fewer chondral injuries (
P
<.005) and fewer instances of looking down at their hands (
P
<.012), compared with junior residents. Senior residents also completed 97% of the diagnostic checklist, whereas junior residents completed 89% (
P
<.019). During distracted simulation, senior residents continued to complete tasks more quickly (
P
<.006) and with fewer instances of looking down at their hands (
P
<.042). Residents at all levels appear to be susceptible to the detrimental effects of distraction when performing arthroscopic simulation. Addressing even straightforward questions intraoperatively may affect surgeon performance. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(2):e240–e245.]
Application of Exploratory Factor Analysis and Item Response Theory to Validate the Genomic Nursing Concept Inventory
Authors: Ward Linda D. , French Brian F. , Barbosa-Leiker Celestina , Iverson Andrew E.F.
Published: January 2016

Background:

Genomic nursing education requires an assessment to capture understanding of genetic–genomic concepts that are critical to competent nursing practice. The Genomic Nursing Concept Inventory (GNCI) was designed for that purpose. Advanced psychometric analyses were applied to GNCI responses to assess dimensionality and item and scale functioning and to inform inventory refinement.

Method:

The 31-item GNCI was administered to baccalaureate nursing students (
N
= 758), and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to explore scale dimensionality and construct validity. Item response theory was applied to explore individual item and overall scale functioning.

Results:

Unidimensionality of the GNCI was supported. Internal consistency reliability was sufficient for the intended use of the scale. Although a few items were identified for review and potential revision, evidence supports GNCI score accuracy across a wide range of genomic knowledge ability.

Conclusion:

Validity evidence provided support for the use of GNCI scores for the intended purposes. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(1):9–17.]
Building Cultural Sensitivity and Interprofessional Collaboration Through a Study Abroad Experience
Authors: Gilliland Irene , Attridge Russell T. , Attridge Rebecca L. , Maize David F. , McNeill Jeanette
Published: January 2016

Background:

Study abroad (SA) experiences for health professions students may be used to heighten cultural sensitivity to future patients and incorporate interprofessional education (IPE).

Method:

Two groups of nursing and pharmacy students participated in an SA elective over a 2-year period, traveling to China and India.

Results:

Both groups improved significantly in knowledge, awareness, and skills following the travel experiences. Student reflections indicate that the SA experience was transformative, changing their views of travel, other cultures, personal environment, collaboration with other health professionals, and themselves.

Conclusion:

Use of SA programs is a novel method to encourage IPE, with a focus on enhancing the acquisition of cultural competency skills. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(1):45–48.]
Evaluation of Total Corneal Thickness and Corneal Layers With Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: López de la Fuente Carmen , Sánchez-Cano Ana , Segura Francisco , Hospital Elvira Orduna , Pinilla Isabel
Published: January 2016

PURPOSE:

To evaluate total corneal thickness and corneal layers in healthy young adults using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and to describe its repeatability and reproducibility.

METHODS:

Eighty-six eyes from 86 healthy volunteers were prospectively and consecutively enrolled. Manual measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT) and central thickness of epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, and the Descemet–endothelium complex were performed using Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). To assess the reliability of the repeated measurements, intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation were used.

RESULTS:

Mean CCT, epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, and Descemet–endothelium values were 555.50 ± 29.64, 54.60 ± 4.25, 16.70 ± 1.73, 467.51 ± 28.91, and 16.74 ± 1.66
µ
m, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.746 (Bowman's layer) to 0.999 (CCT and stroma) and from 0.483 (Bowman's layer) to 0.995 (CCT) and 0.998 (stroma) for intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility, respectively. The measurements showed coefficients of variation lower than 11% in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study establishes a normal database for corneal thickness and all its layers in healthy young adults with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. This device exhibited a high degree of intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility for all regions except Bowman's layer.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(1):27–32.]
Theoretical Effect of Lens Position and Corneal Curvature on the Near Focal Point of Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: McKee Hamish D. , Jhanji Vishal
Published: January 2016

PURPOSE:

To determine the effect of lens position and corneal curvature on the near focal point of different multifocal intraocular lenses.

METHODS:

Near focal points for various multifocal intraocular lenses were calculated using a refractive vergence formula. Median, high, and low values for lens position and corneal curvature were used.

RESULTS:

Lens position and corneal curvature both affected the theoretical near point of multifocal intraocular lenses. The effect was more pronounced for lower power adds. There was overlap of near focal points for the different near adds of the Tecnis multifocal lenses (AMO, Abbott Park, IL) across the range of lens positions and corneal curvatures seen in a normal population.

CONCLUSIONS:

Clinicians need to be aware of the effect of lens position and corneal curvature on the near focal point of intraocular lenses.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(1):64–66.]
Imágenes de paz y de guerra: la reutilización de fotografías prebélicas en la prensa de la guerra civil española
Authors: Ortiz-Echagüe Javier
Published: January 2016

L'Histoire de la photographie a été étudiée généralement du même point de vue que l'Histoire de l'art qui privilégie le rôle de l'auteur et conçoit les images comme des objets autonomes. Cet article présente trois cas de circulation d'images dans la presse et les livres, entre les années vingt et la Guerre Civile espagnole. Vérifier comment la même illustration peut être interprétée de diverses manières dans des contextes différents montre la vie des photographies dans les médias contemporains, souvent indépendantes de la volonté de leur auteur. Dans cette perspective nous revendiquons une Histoire de la Photographie dans les médias qui prenne en compte son usage social.
Women and Nigerian ICT Policy
Authors: Gapsiso Nuhu D. , Jibrin Rahila
Published: January 2016

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the bedrock for national survival and development in a rapidly changing global environment. Little wonder, every progressive country has a national IT policy and an implementation strategy to respond to the emerging global reality so as to tap from the numerous potential associated with these technologies. However, global reports and statistics reveal that women and girls are grossly underrepresented in the field of ICTs. The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in 2013 reports that there are currently 200 million fewer women online than men, and this gap could grow to 350 million in three years. The report also reveals that globally women are coming online later and more slowly than men. Out of the world's 2.8 billion Internet users, only 1.3 billion are women. The report also states that women account for fewer than 20% of ICT specialists in developing economies and estimated that, by 2015, 90% of formal employment across all sectors will require ICT skills. The report additionally stated that 21% of women are less likely than their male counterparts to own a mobile phone – representing a mobile gender gap of 300 million. In Africa, only about half of the female population makeup the number of men connected to the internet. This gender divide calls for gender mainstreaming in respect of ICT policy. This chapter examines Nigeria Information Technology Policy and possible areas of encouraging gender mainstreaming in order to encourage and boost the ICT engagement for women empowerment. Thus, having looked at the Gender mainstreaming and Nigeria's IT policy this chapter concludes that there is need for the mainstreaming of the following areas in the IT policy, the issue of access particularly for women to help bridge the gap between men and women, the issue of establishing ICT training centers for women in the rural areas to train them on ICT skills.
A Survey of Agile Transition Models
Authors: Ghani Imran , Jawawi Dayang Norhayati Abang , Niknejad Naghmeh , Khan Murad , Jeong Seung Ryul
Published: January 2016

Nowadays, since business environment is highly dynamic, software necessities are continuously being improved in order to meet the needs of modern industrialized world. Therefore, IT organizations seek for a quick way of software delivery and for adapting to the necessary technological changes. From this ideal viewpoint, traditional plan-driven developments lag behind to overcome these conflicts. The purpose of this chapter is to present the existing models and frameworks which guide organizations to adopt agile methods. This may help organizations to follow professionals' suggestions during their migration from traditional systems to agile development.
Subclinical-Dose Endotoxin Sustains Low-Grade Inflammation and Exacerbates Steatohepatitis in High-Fat Diet–Fed Mice
Authors: Guo Honghui , Diao Na , Yuan Ruoxi , Chen Keqiang , Geng Shuo , Li Mingsong , Li Liwu
Published: January 2016

Subclinical circulating bacterial endotoxin LPS has been implicated as an important cofactor in the development and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that 4-wk injection with superlow-dose LPS significantly promoted neutrophil infiltration and accelerated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression, including exacerbated macrovesicular steatosis, inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning in high-fat diet–fed apolipoprotein E knockout mice. This effect could sustain for a month after stoppage of LPS injection. LPS also significantly increased numbers of apoptotic nuclei in hepatocytes and expressions of proapoptotic regulators. Moreover, LPS sustained the low-grade activation of p38 MAPK and inhibited the expression of the upstream MAPK phosphatase 7. By applying selective inhibitors, we demonstrated that the activation of p38 MAPKs is required for neutrophil migration induced by superlow-dose LPS in vitro. Together, these data suggest that superlow-dose LPS may sustain the low-grade activation of p38 MAPKs and neutrophil infiltration, leading to the exacerbation of steatohepatitis.
Eotaxin-Rich Proangiogenic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and CCR3+ Endothelium in the Atopic Asthmatic Response
Authors: Asosingh Kewal , Vasanji Amit , Tipton Aaron , Queisser Kimberly , Wanner Nicholas , Janocha Allison , Grandon Deepa , Anand-Apte Bela , Rothenberg Marc E. , Dweik Raed , Erzurum Serpil C.
Published: January 2016

Angiogenesis is closely linked to and precedes eosinophilic infiltration in asthma. Eosinophils are recruited into the airway by chemoattractant eotaxins, which are expressed by endothelial cells, smooth muscles cells, epithelial cells, and hematopoietic cells. We hypothesized that bone marrow–derived proangiogenic progenitor cells that contain eotaxins contribute to the initiation of angiogenesis and inflammation in asthma. Whole-lung allergen challenge of atopic asthma patients revealed vascular activation occurs within hours of challenge and before airway inflammation. The eotaxin receptor CCR3 was expressed at high levels on submucosal endothelial cells in patients and a murine model of asthma. Ex vivo exposure of murine endothelial cells to eotaxins induced migration and angiogenesis. In mechanistic studies, wild-type mice transplanted with eotaxin-1/2–deficient bone marrow had markedly less angiogenesis and inflammation in an atopic asthma model, whereas adoptive transfer of proangiogenic progenitor cells from wild-type mice in an atopic asthma model into the eotaxin-1/2–deficient mice led to angiogenesis and airway inflammation. The findings indicate that Th2-promoting hematopoietic progenitor cells are rapidly recruited to the lung upon allergen exposure and release eotaxins that coordinately activate endothelial cells, angiogenesis, and airway inflammation.
Ptpn22 Modifies Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis via GITR Upregulation
Authors: Nowakowska Dominika J. , Kissler Stephan
Published: January 2016

PTPN22 gene variation associates with multiple autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Loss of function studies have demonstrated that PTPN22 impinges on the homeostatic behavior of regulatory T (Treg) cells, a lineage critical for immune tolerance. The frequency and absolute number of Treg cells is increased in Ptpn22-deficient mice, but the mechanism driving this increase is unknown. In this study, we show that Ptpn22 knockdown (KD) promoted the expansion of the Treg cell compartment by upregulating the glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family–related protein (GITR) and increasing GITR signaling. Ptpn22 KD did not accelerate cell division but instead prolonged Treg cell survival, as measured by a decrease in the frequency of apoptotic Treg cells. Loss of Ptpn22 caused a concomitant increase in the proportion of CD44hiCD62Llo effector Treg cells, at the expense of CD44loCD62Lhi central Treg cells. The increase in Treg cell numbers, but not their differentiation toward an effector phenotype, was dependent on GITR signaling, because blockade of GITR ligand prevented Treg cell expansion caused by Ptpn22 KD. These findings indicate that GITR plays a key role in regulating the overall size of the Treg cell pool. Our results suggest that the size and composition of the Treg cell compartment are independently controlled and have implications for the design of immunotherapies that seek to improve Treg cell function.
COPD patient’s education and self-management teaching: a worthwhile effort?
Authors: Neri M.
Published: January 2016

-
Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica. An underrecognized entity?
Authors: Chroneou A. , Zias N. , Gonzalez A.V. , Beamis Jr J.F.
Published: January 2016

diopathic disease of the trachea and major bronchi characterized by multiple submucosal osteocartilaginous nodules. The nodules may be either focal or diffuse, and typically spare the membranous wall of the airways. Symptoms are non-specific, and include dry cough, dyspnea, recurrent respiratory infections and occasionally hemoptysis. TPO is rarely considered as a diagnosis in part due to lack of awareness among clinicians. The diagnosis can be based on a typical bronchoscopic appearance and generally does not require biopsy of the lesions. When available, histology reveals bone formation within the submucosa with normal overlying respiratory epithelium. TPO is a benign disorder, marked by a generally favorable clinical evolution. There is currently no established treatment for the removal of airway nodules, or the prevention of further tissue growths. Interventional bronchoscopy techniques have a role in the relief of symptomatic airway obstruction, when indicated.
Heart and Lungs in COPD. Close friends in real life - separate in daily medical practice?
Authors: Lusuardi M. , Garuti G. , Massobrio M. , Spagnolatti L. , Bendinelli S.
Published: January 2016

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a 2-3 times higher rate of cardiovascular disorders (CVD) which is independent of other risk factors. A low FEV1 is a specific predictor of mortality as a result of cardiac causes, even stronger than increased cholesterol: for each 10% reduction of FEV1, cardiovascular mortality increases by 28%. The main causes of death among COPD patients are of cardiovascular origin. COPD and CVD have two major risk factors in common - advanced age and tobacco smoking. The search for a pathogenetic link between the two conditions focuses mainly on systemic extension of pulmonary inflammation. Despite such a frequent association, pulmonologists and cardiologists in both the clinical and the research settings often underestimate the importance of a correct diagnosis and severity stratification of the two combined conditions. Spirometry, in particular, is largely underprescribed. Missed diagnosis and severity stratification, incomplete knowledge of adverse drug events and lack of resources lead to undertreatment of patients combining COPD and CVD, and in particular, the underuse of beta-blockers, inhaled bronchodilators and rehabilitation. Clinical studies focusing on this group of patients should be promoted in the future to test therapies and manage options. Furthermore, efforts must be made to improve the present standards of care, which falls short of recommended levels, starting from the often-neglected use of spirometry to confirm a diagnosis of COPD.
Prevention of left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: efficacy of physical training
Authors: Taglieri Camillo , Lombardo Enrico , Feola Mauro
Published: January 2016

Post-myocardial infarction left ventricular remodelling should be considered an important therapeutic target in patients after an acute myocardial infarction, considering the heavy prognostic implication. The therapies used in these patients should reduce the progression of the left ventricular dysfunction to refractory heart failure. In order to prevent post-myocardial infarction cardiac remodelling, different therapies have been tested, and for ACE-inhibitors and betablockers a clear demonstration of efficacy has been obtained. Losartan and valsartan, two widely used angiotensin receptor blockers, demonstrated to be safe and equally useful compared to ACEI. The addition of spironolactone to the standard therapy for heart failure has a clear beneficial effect but the clinical use has been refrained by the risk of iperkaliemia. Aerobic physical training improves the left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with systolic dysfunction, reducing the progressive enlargement after myocardial infarction. The positive effect of aerobic training on cardiac remodelling might be related to the positive effect on neurhormonal assessment, to he improvement of microcirculatory myocardial perfusion and of endothelial function.
О равносходимости разложений в кратный ряд и интеграл Фурье с "лакунарными последовательностями частичных сумм"
Authors: Bloshanskii Igor Leionidovich , Grafov Denis Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2016

В работе исследуется вопрос о равносходимости
на $\mathbb T^N=[-\pi,\pi)^N$ разложений
в кратный тригонометрический ряд и интеграл Фурье функций
$f\in L_p({\mathbb T}^N)$ и $g\in L_p({\mathbb R}^N)$, $p>1$,
$N\geqslant 3$, $g(x)=f(x)$ на $\mathbb T^N$, в случае,
когда "частичные суммы" указанных разложений, т.е. $S_n(x;f)$
и $J_\alpha(x;g)$ соответственно, имеют "номера"
$n\in {\mathbb Z}^N$ и $\alpha\in {\mathbb R}^N$
($n_j=[\alpha_j]$, $j=1,…,N$, $[t]$ - целая часть
$t\in \mathbb R^1$), в которых $N-1$ компонента является
элементом "лакунарной последовательности".
Библиография: 10 названий.
Общие собственные функции коммутирующих дифференциальных операторов ранга $2$
Authors: Oganesyan Vardan Spartakovich
Published: January 2016

В данной статье рассмотрены коммутирующие дифференциальные
операторы ранга $2$. С каждой парой коммутирующих операторов
связывается некая комплексная кривая, называемая спектральной
кривой. Род этой кривой называется родом коммутирующей пары.
А размерность пространства общих собственных функций называется
рангом коммутирующих операторов. Случай ранга $1$ был разобран
И. М. Кричевером, и существуют явные формулы для коэффициентов
коммутирующих операторов в терминах тэта-функций Римана. Случай
ранга $2$ и рода $1$ был рассмотрен и разобран С. П. Новиковым
и И. М. Кричевером. Все коммутирующие операторы ранга $3$
и рода $1$ были найдены О. И. Моховым. Эффективный метод
построения операторов ранга $2$ и рода больше $1$ был
придуман А. Е. Мироновым и с помощью этого метода было
построено много различных примеров. Особый интерес
представляют коммутирующие операторы с полиномиальными
коэффициентами, они тесно связаны с проблемой якобиана
и многими другими задачами. В данной работе явно найдены
общие собственные функции коммутирующих операторов
с полиномиальными коэффициентами с гладкой спектральной
кривой. До настоящего времени этого сделано не было.
Библиография: 11 названий.
Об индексе дефекта векторного оператора Штурма-Лиувилля
Authors: Mirzoev Karakhan Agahan ogly , Safonova Tatyana Anatolievna
Published: January 2016

Пусть $\mathbb R_+:=[0,+\infty)$, и пусть матрицы-функции $P$,
$Q$ и $R$ порядка $n$, $n\in\mathbb N$, определенные
на полуоси $\mathbb R_+$, такие, что $P(x)$ -
невырожденная, $P(x)$ и $Q(x)$ - эрмитовы матрицы
при $x\in\mathbb R_+$, а элементы матриц-функций $P^{-1}$,
$Q$ и $R$ измеримы на $\mathbb R_+$ и суммируемы на каждом ее
замкнутом конечном подынтервале. В настоящей работе изучаются
операторы, порожденные в пространстве
$\mathscr L^2_n(\mathbb R_+)$
формальными выражениями вида
$$
l[f]=-(P(f'-Rf))'-R^*P(f'-Rf)+Qf,
$$
и, как частный случай, операторы, порожденные выражениями вида
$$
l[f]=-(P_0f')'+i((Q_0f)'+Q_0f')+P'_1f,
$$
где всюду производные понимаются в смысле теории распределений,
а $P_0$, $Q_0$ и $P_1$ - эрмитовы матрицы-функции порядка $n$
с измеримыми по Лебегу элементами такие, что $P^{-1}_0$ существует
и $\|P_0\|,\|P^{-1}_0\|,\|P^{-1}_0\|\|P_1\|^2,\|P^{-1}_0\|\|Q_0\|^2
\in \mathscr L^1_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb R_+)$.
Основная цель работы - это изучение вопроса об индексе дефекта
минимального оператора $L_0$, порожденного выражением $l[f]$
в $\mathscr L^2_n(\mathbb R_+)$, в терминах матриц-функций $P$,
$Q$ и $R$ ($P_0$, $Q_0$ и $P_1$). Полученные результаты
применяются к дифференциальным
операторам, порожденным выражениями вида
$$
l[f]=-f"+\sum_{k=1}^{+\infty}\mathscr H_k\delta(x-x_{k})f,
$$
где $x_k$, $k=1,2,…$, - возрастающая последовательность
положительных чисел
и $\lim_{k\to +\infty}x_k=+\infty$, $\mathscr H_k$ -
числовая эрмитова матрица порядка $n$, а $\delta(x)$ -
$\delta$-функция Дирака.
Библиография: 23 названия.
In Vivo Efficacy and Parasite Clearance of Artesunate + Sulfadoxine–Pyrimethamine Versus Artemether–Lumefantrine in Mali
Authors: Niaré Karamoko , Dara Antoine , Sagara Issaka , Sissoko Mahamadou S. , Guindo Cheick Oumar , Cissé Nana H. , Coulibaly Cheick Oumar , Ringwald Pascal , Benoit-Vical Françoise , Berry Antoine , Djimdé Abdoulaye A. , Doumbo Ogobara K.
Published: January 2016

Although artemisinin resistance has yet to be reported in Africa, surveillance of the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) is warranted. Here, the efficacy of artesunate + sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (AS + SP) and artemether–lumefantrine (AL) was evaluated in Mali. Randomized open-label comparative in vivo assay of AS + SP versus AL were carried out using the 28-day follow-up World Health Organization protocol. Patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria and at least 6 months of age were recruited between October 2010 and January 2014. A subset of these patients was selected to measure Plasmodium falciparum clearance time. Polymerase chain reaction-corrected adequate clinical and parasitological responses were 100% for AS + SP and 98.2% for AL with no significant difference (P = 0.06). The reinfection rates were comparable (P = 0.63) with 8.0% for AS + SP and 12.6% for AL. Individuals under 8 years were more susceptible to treatment failure (relative risk = 1.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.2, 3.3). Median parasite clearance half-life was 1.7 hours (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.3–2.2) for AS + SP and 1.9 hours (IQR = 1.5–2.5) for AL with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.24). Efficacy of AS + SP and AL was high. This study provides baseline information on parasite clearance half-lives after ACT treatment, particularly AS + SP, in Mali.
Matrices: un modelo para las fotografías digitales
Authors: Domínguez Jiménez María Elena
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo se resalta la relación que existe entre dos disciplinas, aparentemente muy distintas: la fotografía digital y las matemáticas. En efecto, las imágenes digitales -que todos manejamos hoy en día- se modelizan matemáticamente como matrices. Más aún, todas las manipulaciones sobre fotografías digitales se expresan mediante operaciones matriciales. En concreto, aquí se plantea un problema de compresión de imágenes digitales, basado en la DVS (descomposición en valores singulares) que los alumnos aprenden en clase de Álgebra Lineal.  De esta forma, los alumnos descubren por sí mismos algunas realidades importantes que los docentes queremos transmitirles: en primer lugar, que los conocimientos  teóricos  adquiridos  en Álgebra Lineal tienen una aplicación directa a la tecnología que les rodea diariamente en este mundo digital; y en segundo lugar, cómo la modelización matemática es una poderosa herramienta para resolver problemas prácticos reales
Cálculo del área de un polígono simple
Authors: Arteaga Francisco
Published: January 2016

En el presente trabajo nos planteamos determinar la posición relativa entre un punto y un polígono simple en un plano, para lo cual nos creamos un modelo del polígono, cuya manipulación nos lleva, de una manera muy natural, a la solución de dicho problema y a plantearnos un problema más ambicioso, basado en el mismo modelo: la determinación del área del polígono. Este ejemplo geométrico es útil para ilustrar el proceso de creación en matemáticas. Se considera de especial interés la manera en la que la formalización de un problema sencillo, con una notación afortunada, y con grandes dosis de exploración algebraica, llevan a redescubrir un interesante resultado geométrico, de mucho mayor alcance que el objetivo inicial.
Consumer Satisfaction with Telerehabilitation Service Provision of Alternative Computer Access and Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: LoPresti Edmund F. , Jinks Andrew , Simpson Richard C.
Published: January 2016

Telerehabilitation (TR) services for assistive technology evaluation and training have the potential to reduce travel demands for consumers and assistive technology professionals while allowing evaluation in more familiar, salient environments for the consumer. Sixty-five consumers received TR services for augmentative and alternative communication or alternative computer access, and consumer satisfaction was compared with twenty-eight consumers who received exclusively in-person services. TR recipients rated their TR services at a median of 6 on a 6-point Likert scale TR satisfaction questionnaire, although individual responses did indicate room for improvement in the technology. Overall satisfaction with AT services was rated highly by both in-person (100% satisfaction) and TR (99% satisfaction) service recipients.
Emergencias de la mediación intelectual. "La Revista de América" (París, 1912-1914) y la red de escritores latinoamericanos en Europa a comienzos del siglo XX
Authors: Merbilhaá Margarita
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo estudia el proyecto editorial de la Revista de América (1912-1914), fundada en París y dirigida por Francisco García Calderón. Mi propósito es analizar el modo en que muchos de los vínculos entre los escritores latinoamericanos radicados en París entre fines del siglo XIX y la Primera Guerra Mundial se materializaron en la edición de revistas. Propongo examinar las estrategias de difusión de las producciones latinoamericanas en el Viejo Continente, como así también algunos aspectos ideológicos y de intervención intelectual que la revista llegó a articular. En un primer momento, me detengo en los rasgos materiales tanto del proyecto editorial de la revista como de los vínculos entre los latinoamericanos desterrados. Luego indago las distintas formas de mediación crítica, por un lado, y cultural, por otro, que la revista escenificó y, en algunos casos, desarrolló activamente. En efecto, la revista de García Calderón vuelve visible una dimensión mediadora en varios sentidos: mediación crítica entre productores y lectores, pues se propuso como instancia de difusión, al convocar a “a los mejores escritores latinoamericanos”. Al mismo tiempo, propuso otras dos mediaciones: entre pares, al funcionar como consagradora, seleccionando y agrupando simbólicamente a los escritores de cada país latinoamericano. Finalmente, una mediación intercontinental entre culturas en la contemporaneidad, que intentó acercar dos gestos en la acción de la revista: una legitimación del pensamiento y el arte “de ultramar” y una valoración de los desarrollos artísticos europeos del presente.
La profesionalización de la gestión de las políticas de seguridad ciudadana: desafíos y lecciones aprendidas. Experiencia en la formación policial de El Salvador
Authors: Martínez Ventura Jaime Edwin
Published: January 2016

Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 5(2) 2015: 483-507
Clash inside the Academy: The Market and the Strife for the Democratic Values of the Western University
Authors: Gburi Imad
Published: January 2016

The growing popularity of the corporate university model raises the question of whether the market principles are suitable for planning the policy of a key enterprise like the university without weakening its capacity of pursuing critical knowledge and teaching for democracy. Does the inclusion of the free market imperatives in the functioning of the university improve its overall quality? Is there a clash between the values of the university and those of the market? What is really at stake for democratic societies? This paper addresses these questions through a conflict perspective on neoliberalism as the orthodoxy of state planning and the implications of this operational model on the core values of the Western university. The paper also takes a historical approach on state intervention to explain the political circumstances that accompanied this orientation to public policy and to offer perspective on the relevance of the state to liberal democratic society.
The Relationship between Socio-Economic Status, General Language Learning Outcome, and Beliefs about Language Learning
Authors: Ariani Mohsen Ghasemi , Ghafournia Narjes
Published: January 2016

The objective of this study is to explore the probable relationship between Iranian students’ socioeconomic status, general language learning outcome, and their beliefs about language learning. To this end, 350 postgraduate students, doing English for specific courses at Islamic Azad University of Neyshabur participated in this study. They were grouped in terms of their socioeconomic status. They answered a questionnaire in which they indicated their beliefs about language learning in different contexts of language use. Besides, a general language test of proficiency (a Practice test of a TOEFL Test) was administered to all the participants to homogenize them in terms of general language proficiency or general language learning outcome. The quantitative data were subjected to a set of parametric statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and factor analysis. The findings manifested a positive relationship between the students’ economic status and general language learning outcome. Besides, the findings manifested a significant relationship between the participants’ language learning outcome and their beliefs about language learning. The findings suggest if language instructors are equipped with the necessary information to assist language learners in coping with their negative beliefs, the process of language learning is not only accelerated, but also probable measurement errors may decrease.
Examining the Relationships between Destination Image, Place Attachment, and Destination Loyalty in the Context of Night Markets
Authors: Chiang Yu-Jen
Published: January 2016

This study investigates destination image, place attachment (including place dependence and place identity), and destination loyalty among visitors to night markets. A total of 474 effective questionnaires were collected from visitors to the three well-known Tainan night markets in Taiwan. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were employed using Amos 18 for Windows. The empirical results showed that destination image has a significant direct effect on place dependence, place identity, and destination loyalty. Additionally, place identity is the antecedent that has an effect on destination loyalty. In the indirect effect, destination image mainly influenced destination loyalty through place identity. Practical implications and recommendations for further studies are also provided.
The Determinant of Inbound Tourism in China
Authors: Wang Huiling , Xi Junmin
Published: January 2016

We estimate the factors of inbound tourism in China by using a panel gravity model equation of 178 origin countries from 1995 to 2012. We find the cultural dummy variables like common language, common border and religion driving the tourism flows to China. Besides, the climate variables like annual average temperature and cloud cover play a significant factors in affecting the tourist arrivals in China. An interesting result we have found that, cloud has a positive and negative relationship in country of destination and origin respectively implying that, cloudy variable in the country of origin has a negative impact on international tourist flows in China. In the contrary, cloud variable is observed positive relation in China. 
Effect of Compensation, Motivation and Organizational Climate on Employee Satisfaction: Study on PT. Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk. in Gedangan-Sidoarjo
Authors: Sudarno Sudarno , Priyono Priyono , Sukmaningrum Dinda
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this research is to know and examine whether their effect compensation, motivation and organizational climate on employee job satisfaction in PT. Source Alfaria Trijaya Tbk. in Gedangan-Sidoarjo.

This type of research in this study is an explanatory research and research using quantitative approach with the survey method. This study will determine the effect of pre-defined variables that explain the effect of compensation, motivation and work discipline and employee performance on office PT. Source Alfaria Trijaya Tbk. in Gedangan Sidoarjo. This research was conducted at the office of PT. Source Alfaria Trijaya Tbk. in Gedangan Sidoarjo. Total population in this study is as many as 400 people. Samples taken as many as 80 people, based on the Slovin formula with techniques proportional stratified random sampling procedure. Data collection techniques with survey method were using a questionnaire. Instruments used in collecting the data must meet two requirements, namely the validity and reliability. And the results are all valid and reliable. So that the instrument can be used in research methods analysis in this research is the analysis of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was using the Linear Regression Analysis.
This research result significant influence compensation, motivation and organizational climate on job satisfaction with compensation and motivation significance value of 0.000 > 0.05 and a significance value of 0.019 job satisfaction. This case shows that both variables expressed Ho rejected. It can be concluded that there is significant influence compensation, motivation and organizational climate on employee job satisfaction in PT. Source Alfaria Trijaya Tbk. in Gedangan, Sidoarjo.
 
Staff Perceptions of Obstacles to Quality Management Systems in Low- and High- Performing Hospitals in Jordan
Authors: A’aqoulah Ashraf , Kuyini Ahmed Bawa , Ajlouni Musa T. , Saif Naser , Al-Raoush Atef
Published: January 2016

Implementing a quality management system (QMS) is important for hospitals to deliver high-quality services. Hospitals in Jordan vary greatly in terms of the quality of their services. This study aimed to explore QMS obstacles in low- and high-performing hospitals in Jordan. The study employed a Mixed Method-Sequential Exploratory design. A questionnaire was used to explore the QMS obstacles. The study population was drawn from six public and private hospitals considered low- and high-performing. A total of 908 participants who worked in the six hospitals completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 23 items and was rated using 5-points Likert Scale. The data was analysed using quantitative tools as Descriptive statistics, General Liner Model (Univariate analysis) to determine the major QMS obstacles in low- and high-performing hospitals and to explore the relationship between participants’ background variables. The study found that low-performing hospitals faced six major obstacles: lack of rewards for hospital staff, inadequate material resources, lack of training programmes in sufficient staff motivation, insufficient budget for a QMS, and inadequate authority delegation. Whereas, the high-performing hospitals faced three major obstacles: lack of rewards for hospital staff, inadequate authority delegation, and shortage of staff. The results showed that there were significant differences between low- and high-performance hospitals in terms of the QMS obstacles. The study also provides recommendations for improving the implementation of QMS in Jordanian hospitals.
The Dark Side of Virtual Office and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Zhang Jindan
Published: January 2016

Virtual offices have been a growing trend in today’s work environment and have been used to improve organizational performance for several decades. However, more and more companies also experience the challenges and problems brought by the use of virtual office in current years. One famous example would be the Yahoo’s decision to withdraw its work-from-home program. Therefore, the studies about the dark side of virtual office start to attract interests from researchers and practitioners. This paper aims at providing a critical view of the changes in employees’ work life due to the shift to virtual office from four perspectives: communication, social relation, achievement recognition and work-life balance. This paper also discusses the impact of such changes on employees’ quality of work life in terms of job satisfaction. This paper intends to conceptually extend the understanding of alternative working arrangements by considering the “dark side” of virtual office in employees’ work life. 
The Menace of Poverty and the Challenges of Public Policy Making in Nigeria
Authors: Abioro Tunde , Adefeso Hammed A.
Published: January 2016

This study contends that poverty is a global phenomenon and no nation is immune to the scourge it is capable of causing especially when determined and clear policy measures are not put in place to check the menace. The objectives that interrogates the nerves of this discourse is to assess the rate of poverty in Nigeria as well as examine the role of government in poverty eradication. Also, to identify the various initiatives that governments in Nigeria have put in place since the pre; through and the post Structural Adjustment Programme era of the nation. Findings from the study reveals that attitudinal response and approach of both the government and the governed is appalling. Also, there exist a sharp disconnect between the government and the governed which has resulted into policy formulations that fail to meet the yearning, demand and desire of the people. Meanwhile, it was established that political and policy instability, poor targeting mechanism and inadequate coordination among the existing three tiers of government have done harm to programme implementation. The paper makes contribution by providing information and it adopt secondary source of data gathering. It concludes by recommending strengthened relationship/ communication between the governments and the governed to ensure proper and adequate policies that will meet their targets are made as well as enforcement of initiatives of governments directed at reducing poverty.