bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Bone Involvement in Hairy Cell Leukemia Successfully Treated with Radiation Therapy
Authors: Franco Pierfrancesco , Filippi Andrea Riccardo , Fornari Alessandro , Marinone Carlo , Ricardi Umberto
Published: April 2018

We report the case of a 63-year-old man with a clearly established diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia, treated with multiple lines of chemotherapy, who complained of localized pain in the left humerus. Radiological findings showed a distrophicblastic area within the humeral head. Fine-needle biopsy confirmed the hypothesis of bone involvement of hairy cell leukemia. The patient underwent radiotherapy at a dose of 25 Gy, obtaining a complete clinical response with resolution of pain and a partial recovery of the normal radiological structure of the humerus after 2 months. In addition to the case report, we present a short review of the literature focusing on the role of radiotherapy in this subset of patients.
MODIFICAZIONI INDOTTE DA UN INIBITORE ENZIMATICO (AZOYPRITE) SULLO SVILUPPO DEL SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
Authors: Scrobogna Sergio , Sirio Destradi
Published: April 2018

A water soluble carcinogen (methyl-bis-beta-chloroethyl-amin-chlorhydrate) can induce in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae a stable larger utilization of maltose, a more rapid growth and a stronger increase in number of cells.
AZIONE DELL'ACIDO β-AMINOGLUTARICO E DELL'ACIDO I-GLUTAMMICO (α-AMINOGLUTARICO) SULL'EPITELIZZAZIONE DELLE FERITE NEL RATTO
Authors: Bassi Maria
Published: April 2018

The action of β-amino-glutaric acid and α-amino-glutaric acid (glutamic acid) was studied on the epithelization of skin wounds in the rat rump. β-amino-glutaric acid showed a clear inhibiting action, while glutamic acid did not influence the wounds’ healing.
LA LIPASI DEL RICINUS COMMUNIS NEL SEME IN QUIESCENZA ED IN GERMOGLIAZIONE IN PRESENZA DI 3–4 BENZOPIRENE
Authors: Di Fazio L. , Lado P.
Published: April 2018

The behaviour of lipase has been investigated in resting and sprouting seeds of « Ricinus communis » with addition to the substratum of 3,4-benzopyrene in different concentrations. The carcinogenic hydrocarbon does not exert any remarkable influence, except for a slight inhibition of the lipolitic activity.
LA DEMOLIZIONE DEI PENTOSI NEL SIERO DELLE DONNE AFFETTE DA NEOPLASIA MALIGNA DELL'APPARATO GENITALE ()
Authors: Orunesu M. , Bolognesi M.
Published: April 2018

On the basis of own experiences, the value of the Menkes’ test for the tumor diagnosis is excluded; this method is based on the demolition of the ribose incubated in cancerous serum.
IL CONTRIBUTO DELLA RADIOLOGIA NEL TRATTAMENTO DEI TUMORI DEL SENO MASCELLARE
Authors: Balzarini Emilio
Published: April 2018

Tha anatomo-clinical features of tumours of the maxillary sinus are considered and the different therapies (radiosurgery or radiotherapy alone) until now employed are examined. According to the Author, radiosurgery is the treatment of choice in the still operable cases. In cases in which radiotherapy alone is indicated, the use of convergent Röntgentherapy seems to be more advisable than the classical Ròntgentherapy on multiple fields or the endocavitary Radiumtherapy, though a clinico-statistical ascertainment is not yet available.
LE TIROIDITI DI RIEDEL E DI HASHIMOTO
Authors: Vitagliano Giovanni
Published: April 2018

Histological study on four cases of Riedel's thyroiditis and two cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The aetiology is discussed and the hormonal influence is pointed out.
LE RECIDIVE DA RADIOTERAPIA DEI CARCINOMI DELLE MUCOSE DEL CAVO ORALE
Authors: Pompili Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

The cases of carcinomas of the palate, gums and alveoli radiologically treated in the Cancer Institute of Milan from 1928 to 1950 are considered. Recurrences followed to the radiological treatment are examined.
INIBIZIONE DELLO SVILUPPO DI UN SARCOMA DA 20-METILCOLANTRENE CONSEGUENTE ALLA SOMMINISTRAZIONE DI O-TOLUENTIOLO
Authors: Tedeschi Guido Giacomo
Published: April 2018

In rats subcutaneously administered with o-toluenethiol after 20-methylcholanthrene inoculation, a delay in tumour appearance as well as a tumour growth inhibition were observed. The histological examination showed regressive lesions of particular aspect.
Alterazioni Del Derma Nell'Oncogenesi Sperimentale Cutanea. Studio Comparativo Condotto Sul Topo, Coniglio, Ratto, Cavia, Hamster ()
Authors: Prodi G. , Maltoni C.
Published: April 2018

The changes which take place in the dermis during skin treatment with oncogenic hydrocarbons and co-carcinogenic irritating substances were comparatively studied in various animal species (mouse, rabbit, rat, guinea-pig, hamster).

The alterations induced in the extracellular structures of the dermis by both oncogenic and irritating substances are qualitatively analogous in different animal species.

During the treatment the dermis collagen fibres are metachromatically stained; this peculiar behaviour takes place first in the upper layers, then in lower ones. Such staining properties precede the morphological changes of the fibres and become more marked with the progressing of these changes.

The morphologic and staining modifications of the fibres are proportional to the proliferation of the overlying epithelium, whether this be provoked by either oncogenic or irritating substances. These changes are more evident in correspondence to the areas of higher epidermic proliferation.

It is concluded that the same substance promotes in different animal species a different degree of dermal alterations, in relation to the different epidermic responses.

In the rabbit, besides the above described changes, the appearance of interfibrillar chromotrope substances during the treatment with oncogenic agents as observed in previous experiments, is confirmed; such appearance was not observed during the treatment with the irritating substances used.
Dati Bioptici Nella Granulomatosi Maligna Con Particolare Riguardo ai Problemi Prognostici
Authors: Ippolito G.
Published: April 2018

Starting from consideration of literature data, the limits and forms of malignant granulomatosis are considered. Para-granuloma, gigantofollicular lymphopathy, types and stages of granulomatous proliferation, differentiation with histiosarcomatosis, acute malignant granulomatosis and the controversial question of atypical lymphogranuloma are particularly concerned.

The above problems are studied by means of a predictable and statistical method. It was found that:

I) the various classifications and subdivisions proposed are of no significance from a nosographical and clinical point of view;

II) the proliferative aspects of cells of histiocitary type are found to be prevalent.

The conclusion is drawn that, though microscopical features are of very scarce prognosticai value, a highly « typical » malignant granulomatosis generally corresponds to a chronic nature of the disease; in addition, the presence of histocitary cells has a particular theoretical significance in determining the course of the disease.
STUDIO DELLA SINTESI DELLA CATALASI EPATICA CON FERRO RADIOATTIVO IN TOPI NORMALI E PORTATORI DI SARCOMA 180
Authors: Ceriotti G. , Spandrio L. , Agradi A.
Published: April 2018

The synthesis of hepatic catalase in normal and S.180 bearing mice at different times after tumor implantation was studied by injection of 59Fe and successive isolation of cytoplasm proteins. On the basis of several control experiments the presence of ferro-proteins other than catalase in the isolated material was excluded. In a series of experiments with mice bearing 5 days tumors, the catalasic activity appeared already reduced, the radioactive iron incorporation on the contrary was increased. In a second series, where mice with 10 and 15 days tumors were used, the depression of catalase activity was very evident. The radioactive iron incorporation was proportionally much more reduced, and sometimes almost abolished. It is concluded that the tumor induces first an increase of the rate of destruction, and later a block of the hepatic catalase synthesis.
GRANULOMA MALIGNO E DIABETE PANCREATICO: TERAPIA CITOTOSSICA E TOLLERANZA AI GLICIDI()
Authors: Chiarioni T. , Felini P. , Nardi E.
Published: April 2018

A case of Hodgkin-Sternberg granuloma in a 72-years old man is described; three years after the onset of the disease a pancreatic diabetes occurred. This association and the possible role of a cytotoxic therapy in inducing alterations of the glycidic metabolism are discussed. A direct diabetogenous action of chloralkylamines is excluded and the diabetic symptomatology is ascribed to febrile reactions, which occurred during the treatment as the expression of an individual hyperreactivity. The pathogenesis of the diabetes appears however to be due to atherosclerotic lesions and to a diminution of the glycidic tolerance, which is frequently concomitant with malignancy.
Dosimetria Con Cristallo Di Solfuro Di Cadmio.: La Linea Di Isodose Di Un Roentgen Al Minuto Come Limite Di Effetto Terapeutico
Authors: Ricci S. Basso , Felci U.
Published: April 2018

The dosimetry with CdS crystal shows considerable advantages in, radiumtherapy, owing to the small size of the crystal as well as to its remarkable sensitivity to radiations, comparatively to the size. The crystal, which is insulating under resting conditions, becomes a conductor material when excited by radiations, the intensity of current being proportional to the intensity of radiations. Erroneous data may be obtained when the crystal is hit by low energy radiations; to avoid this, the crystal is shielded with a gold sheath wich rejects radiations below 100 KeV.

These dosimeters allow with relative ease the determination of isodose lines. Basing also on Verhagen's experience, the dose distribution at the periphery of the tumours is considered both in relation to the amount and time of administration.

As far as uterine tumours are concerned, it is important to determine accurately a given line of isodose in the depth, representing the distance from the radioactive preparation at which the tumour destruction can be obtained. Such line is marked by the value of 1 roentgen/minute, and the importance of its determination is also related to the frequent necessity of submitting the patient to complementary telecobaltotherapy.

Some therapeutic schemes concerned with Ra and Co60 are reported.
Indications and Results of Telecobalt Therapy in Epithelial Tumors of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Banfi Alberto , Milani Franco
Published: April 2018

A report of the results obtained in 194 cases of epithelial tumors of the oral cavity subjected to telecobalt therapy between June 1958 and December 1964 at the Institute of Radiology, University of Milan, and the Radiology Division of the National Cancer Institute. The criteria for establishing whether the treatment was indicated and the principles of selection of cases are specified. In the majority of cases the tumors were no longer circumscribed (T3-T4) and in over half the cases regional lymph node metastases were present when treatment commenced. Thirty-six patients had previously been subjected to radiotherapy or surgery. Telecobalt therapy was given almost exclusively to stationary fields using one or two portals of entry. Tumors of the floor of the mouth were often irradiated through wedges of lead. In 80% of the cases a tumor-dose of between 5000 and 6000 r was given over 6–8 weeks. At the end of treatment the tumor had completely disappeared in 22.7% of the patients, regressed to some extent in 40.6% and was unchanged or had deteriorated in 36.7%. The survival curves show that 2/3 of the patients died within two years of starting treatment; the five-year survival rate was 10.9%. This case-series confirmed that the prognosis is poorer in cases with regional lymph node metastases at the start of treatment and in patients subjected to telecobalt therapy for relapse after radiotherapy or surgery. The results obtained with telecobalt therapy proved to be considerably inferior to those obtained with curietherapy and so the latter is recommended in cancers of the oral cavity whenever it is feasible. Telecobalt therapy may be indicated, mainly as a symptomatic palliative, in very extensive infiltrating tumors adhering to the bone structures and in patients with inoperable lymph node metastases.
Importance of Batson's Plexus in Solitary Cerebral Metastases
Authors: D'agostino Gerabdo , Bigotti Aldo , Pace Giorgio
Published: April 2018

A study of the structure of Batson's plexus and the pathological data gathered from a large series of cases, suggest that this perivertebral venous system is an additional metastatic route, as the one described by Walker.
Carcinogenic Risk in Radiotherapy
Authors: Ratti Arduino , Dragoni Giovanni
Published: April 2018

The information on the appearance of skin, bone, thyroid and internal tumors following radiotherapy has been reviewed. As far as the development of leukemias, the data concerning humans are discussed, particularly in relation to the treatment for thymic hypertrophy, spondilitis and hyperthyreotoxicosis. The authors conclude that an oncogenic and leukomogenic risk connected with the therapeutic use of ionizing radiations exists although it is difficult to evaluate on a quantitative basis. The need of awareness of the risk by physicians and radiologists is stressed.
Carcinogenic Hazards in Food
Authors: Terracini Benedetto
Published: April 2018

A review is presented of the circumstances in which chemicals known to produce experimental tumors have been found in the diet of humans or animals. At the present time the instances in which this occurrence is known to take place concern (a) the natural product, (b) toxins produced by fungi contaminating the natural product, (c) chemicals added to the natural product for its preservation at different stages of processing, (d) products of the reaction between an additive and the natural product and (e) derivatives of the natural product which are formed during cooking. Aflatoxins, nitrosamines and polycyclic hydrocarbons are among the most powerful carcinogens which can be found in food.
Neurofibromatosis of von Recklinghausen with Wide Cutaneous, Skeletal and Visceral Involvement
Authors: Praga Claudio , Cavagnini Francesco , Lambertenghi Giorgio
Published: April 2018

A case of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis, hospitalized for progressive anemia, secondary to chronic hemorrhage from the digestive tract, is reported. The imponent involvement of the skin (innumerable nodules of different size and volume), skeleton (marked cifoskoliosis giving a monstruous aspect to the patient) and visceral organs (multiple localizations of the digestive and urinary tract) is illustrated. A functional study of endocrine system suggested by a marked somatic hypoevolutism and right testis retention failed to show any pathological change.
Breast Cancer in Childhood
Authors: Veronesi Umberto , Zingo Lorenzo , Salvadori Bruno
Published: April 2018

A case of breast cancer in a 8-year old girl is described, and 23 cases of breast cancer in children previously reported in the literature are analysed. The principal characteristics of breast cancer in children, unlike breast cancer in adults, seem to be a better prognosis, not depending on the surgical procedure (excision, simple mastectomy or radical mastectomy) and the frequent secretive appearance of the neoplasm, always of ductal origin.
Results of 22 Cases of Breast Sarcoma over Five Years after Surgery
Authors: Baptista José , Neto Da Silva
Published: April 2018

The results of treatment in 22 cases of breast sarcoma operated on more than 5 years ago are reported. The operations performed were: simple mastectomy in 16 cases, radical mastectomy in 2 cases and miscellaneous procedures in 4 patients.

The 5 year cure rates were 54.54 % for all the series and 71.42 % for the fibrosarcomas, definite or derived from intracanalicular fibroadenomas.
Increased Androgenic Activity as an Etiologic Factor of Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Grattarola Renzo
Published: April 2018

In our previous study (4) we showed that anovulatory menstrual cycles combined with a hyperplastic endometrium are very common in premenopausal breast cancer patients. We showed (5) that endometrial hyperplasia is accompanied by increased androgenic activity as shown by the 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroid (etiocholanolone, androsterone) excretion values; it has been shown in other studies (7, 8) that when a hyperplastic endometrial pattern is present in premenopausal breast cancer patients the excretion level of 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids is even higher than in women without breast cancer but with a hyperplastic endometrium. In the present study we determined the urinary excretion level of testosterone in breast cancer premenopausal and postmenopausal patients and found it significantly higher than the normal control value, which is further proof that an abnormal androgenic activity must play an etiologic role in the development of breast cancer. Such increased androgenic activity observed in women with breast cancer has an ovarian origin; some of these patients were given human chorionic gonadotropin and, when an increase of urinary testosterone followed, the ovaries were resected. Histological examination of the resected ovaries disclosed interstitial cell hyperplasia. The same gonadotropic treatment did not induce an increase of androgenic activity in ovariectomized women (5).
Criteri per le Tecniche di Immunostimolazione nei Tentativi di Terapia del Melanoma Maligno della Cute
Authors: Ikonopisov R. L.
Published: April 2018

Thirty three patients with malignant melanoma found in different clinical stages of their disease are followed up for a period of two and a half years for survival or changes in the clinical status. Immunodiagnostic tests have determined their humoral and cellular reactivity. When negative, autoimmunization with autologous irradiated melanoma cells and/or BCG nonspecific immunostimulation has been undertaken with the aim to boost the production of tumor specific cytotoxic antibodies and mobilize cellular immunity. The following results have been recorded: all patients found in the stage of generalized disease have perished regardless of immunostimulation. Nevertheless, they have displayed three phenomena witnessing host response: cutaneous flare surrounding skin deposits, diminishing or subsidence of pulmonary metastases, partial or complete regression of subcutaneous metastatic deposits. Patients with hematogenic disseminated single or few deposits are alive after radical surgery and immunostimulation. Cases of localised disease: primary or primary with regional metastases have perished or become generalized when no immunostimulation has been undertaken; immunostimulated patients are doing well with no residual disease after radical surgery. A scheme of combined treatment of malignant melanoma on the background of immunostimulation procedures is suggested.
The Possibilities of Surgery in Locally Invasive Pulmonary Carcinoma
Authors: Ravasi Gianni , Bozzetti Federico
Published: April 2018

The authors have studied the survival of 30 patients suffering from bronchogenic carcinoma invading the surrounding tissues treated with radical resection. This study shows that the prognosis is very poor. Only a quarter of the patients have survived for more than two years after the operation. The prognosis is similar to that for non-invasive tumors with regional lymphnode involvement. Despite the few cases examined, central tumors with lymphnode involvement and those invading the ribs or the pericardium seem to have the poorest prognosis.
IgM Participation in Tumor Rejection by Immunized MICE
Authors: Bellelli Luciano , Nista Anna , Sezzi Maria Luisa
Published: April 2018

IgG and IgM participation in tumor rejection was studied in DBA/2 mice immunized against L1210 leukemia and in Swiss mice immunized against Ehrlich adenocarcinoma. In both the systems, IgM globulins seem to be implicated and are present on the cell surface of macrophages, lymphocytes and cancer cells, while IgG globulins are present only on some lymphocytes. IgM are also present in the peritoneal washing fluids (obtained 24 h after the injection of viable tumor cells) of both previously immunized mice and those of the control group. In the former group, protein content is about three times higher than that in the control group, while the relative amount of heavy proteins (18 S) and light proteins (7 S) is quite similar. These observations are discussed, as is the possibility that some complement components as C'3 may participate in the reaction.
Tumors and Dental and Ocular Abnormalities after Treatment of Infant Rats with Adriamycin
Authors: Casazza Anna Maria , Bellini Ornella , Formelli Franca , Giuliani Fernando , Lenaz Luigi , Magrini Umberto
Published: April 2018

In rats repeatedly treated subcutaneously as infants with adriamycin in 2 cycles of 4 treatments each, the induction of ocular and dental abnormalities and tumors was studied. Cataracts appeared from 18 to 26 days in 80 % of CD rats treated with 1.15 mg/kg/day of adriamycin and from 28 to 104 days in 55 % of Wistar-Lewis rats given 0.75 mg/kg/day adriamycin. Abnormal growth of incisors was observed in 30 % of the CD rats and in 44 % of the Wistar-Lewis rats. At lower doses, no such abnormalities were found. At about 1 year after treatment, 100 % of the CD rats treated with 0.75 mg/kg/day adriamycin and about 60 % of the Wistar-Lewis rats treated with 0.75 and 0.5 mg/kg/day adriamycin developed tumors, which were histologically classified.
Primary Retroperitoneal Tumors
Authors: Oriana Saro , Bonardi Paolo , Preda Ferdinando
Published: April 2018

Seventy-five cases of primary retroperitoneal tumors observed at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan during the period 1932 to 1973, 56 of which had a histopathologic classification (51 malignant and 5 benign), are reported. By examination of the diagnostic and therapeutic criteria employed and the survival data (9 of the 51 malignant cases were alive at 3 years, and 3 of these were alive at 5 years), the authors point out the difficulty of an early diagnosis and, therefore, of a radical surgery, the need for a programmed therapy, and the importance of the angiographic examination in the diagnostic strategy.
Characteristics of Lymphomas in the BALB/cfRIII Mouse Strain
Authors: Squartini Francesco , Urbano Ugo
Published: April 2018

The occurrence of 392 lymphomas in 1607 BALB/cfRIII mice from F0 to F45 is analyzed. Lymphoma incidence increased rapidly in the first 5 generations, reached a high plateau from F6 to F20 and then decreased slowly until it disappeared altogether. After F85, only sporadic cases of lymphoma have been observed. The morphologic characteristics of 350 of these lymphomas observed from F0 to F20 are described. Three main types of lymphomas have been recognized on the basis of gross morphology, histology and age: a) early, lymphocytic, with thymic involvement; b) early, lymphocytic, without thymic involvement; and c) late, histiocytic, without thymic involvement. The first 2 types are virus-induced and thymus-dependent, and the third type is both virus and thymus independent. Lymphomas without thymic involvement and histiocytic lymphomas increased with the generations. The source of causative virus, the interference with mammary tumors, and the possible cell types of origin of lymphomas are discussed.
Urinary Testosterone Values in Patients with Ovarian Metastases from Breast Cancer
Authors: Secreto Giorgio
Published: April 2018

Nineteen patients with advanced breast cancer were tested for urinary testosterone before therapeutic ovariectomy. Histologic examination revealed metastases to the ovary in every case and interstitial hyperplasia in 16 cases. The range of urinary testosterone levels was wider but the mean value significantly higher than in 18 normal controls. The values decreased distinctly in 5 out of 8 patients tested 1 month after ovariectomy. The decrease suggests that the ovary, with much probability the interstitial tissue of the ovary, is the site of the increased androgenic activity found in patients with ovarian metastases from breast cancer.
Tamoxifen in Disseminated Breast Cancer
Authors: Ferrazzi Eros , Cartei Giuseppe , De Besi Pietro , Fornasiero Adriano , Palù Giorgio , Paccagnella Adriano , Sperandio Paola , Fosser Vinicio , Grigoletto Eligio , Fiorentino Mario
Published: April 2018

86 postmenopausal women with disseminated breast cancer have been treated orally with 30 mg of Tamoxifen per day (ICI 46474, Nolvadex) for periods of 2 months or more. The overall responders were 28/86 (32.5 %) with a median remission duration of 9 months. In 30 patients already shown to be resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy, Tamoxifen was used as first hormonal agent; the remission rate in this group was 12/30 (40 %), while it was 28.5 % (16/56) in the others who had already received different hormonal treatments. In 6 early menopausal cases, the treatment had to be stopped for a dangerous « worsening syndrome ». Other side effects were trivial. In 28/35 cases (80%), we have found the reappearance of a pattern of estrogenic activity in vaginal smears during treatment. Hence a « simil-estrogen », more than an « anti-estrogen » mechanism of action is postulated and a selection of patients for treatment in the « mid postmenopausal age » is recommanded.
A Case of Primary Neurilemmoma of the Femur
Authors: Cafini Daniele , Amato Vincenzo
Published: April 2018

A case of primitive neurilemmoma of the femur in a woman of 24 years is presented and discussed together with recent literature.
Patterns of Relapse and Survival in Operable Breast Carcinoma with Positive and Negative Axillary Nodes
Authors: Valagussa Pinuccia , Bonadonna Gianni , Veronesi Umberto
Published: April 2018

The medical records of 716 consecutive patients with infiltrating mammary carcinoma and treated during a 4-year period (January 1964-January 1968) were reviewed. Patients were randomized between conventional radical or extended radical mastectomy. No postoperative radiotherapy or other specific treatments were given without documented evidence of recurrence. The intent of this retrospective analysis was to identify, on a clinical basis, the high-risk groups that could be candidates for systemic adjuvant treatment. The most reliable prognostic discriminant was found to be the histological status of axillary lymph nodes. The 10-year relapse rate for patients with negative axillary nodes (N−) was 27.9 % compared to 75.5 % for patients with positive axillary nodes (N+). The corresponding 10-year survival rates were 81.9 % and 39.6 %, respectively. The number of involved nodes was also of particular prognostic importance (relapse rates at 10 years: 1 to 3 nodes, 66.5 %; more than 3 nodes, 83.6 %; survival rates: 53.7 % and 25.6 %, respectively). Other clinical variables (location of primary tumor and menopausal status) failed to significantly affect the results of mastectomy, except for the extent of primary tumor in N+ patients. In this subgroup, relapse and survival rates were directly proportional to tumor size. In both groups, the highest incidence of recurrence was detected in distant organs and tissues, and it progressively increased with time. In contrast, 77.3 % of all local-regional recurrences were documented during the first three years from radical surgery.
Prognostic Value of Lymphography in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Volterrani Fabio , Vona Stefania , Barni Sandro , Musumeci Renato
Published: April 2018

This work is based on a review of 341 lymphographies carried out as a part of the initial diagnostic work-up performed on the same number of patients referred to our Institute for treatment from January 1961 to December 1976. As regards the distribution by clinical stage of the cases under consideration, there were 152 cases in Stage I (44.6%), 100 in Stage II (29.3%) and 89 in Stages III plus IV (26.1%). The positive lymphography incidence at the 2 extremes (Stage I a and Stages III plus IV) was 3.5 % and 46.0 %, respectively. The histologic type on its own did not seem to influence the incidence of lymph node metastases detectable by lymphography. For the negative cases, with all the stages mixed together, a 68.8 % 5-year survival rate free of disease was recorded, as compared with the 32.0 % found for the positive cases (P < 0.0001). A similar difference was recorded stage by stage. Our observations support the opinion that lymphography is valid in clinical practice to distinguish the minimum or nil lymph node invasion cases (negative) with favorable prognosis, from the cases having lymph node invasion of a certain importance or even at a maximum (positive), with a poor fate, independently of the initial clinical stage. Furthermore they suggest the advisability of reviewing the basic concepts of the clinical classification in cervical cancer, to be cautious in considering clinical reviews that do not report information of this importance, and to put under discussion different therapeutic approaches for cases presenting a lymphographic abnormality.
The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Malignant Tumors of the Salivary Glands
Authors: Reinfuss Marian , Korzeniowski Stanislaw
Published: April 2018

Treatment results in a group of 70 patients with salivary gland tumors were analyzed. Prognosis appeared to correlate with both clinical stage and malignancy of tumors. In patients irradiated postoperatively because of nonradical operation, a higher 5-year survival rate was achieved than in patients after radical surgery. It is suggested that postoperative radiotherapy improves treatment results in patients with T2 and T3 lesions. In unresectable cases (T4) a 13 % 5-year survival was achieved. In patients with highly malignant cancers a high incidence (41.9 %) of distant metastases was observed during the 5-year follow-up.
Hematologic Parameters during Treatment with High-Dose Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
Authors: Brema Fulvio , Queirolo Maria Antonietta , Canobbio Luciano , Bruzzi Paolo , Puntoni Riccardo , Campora Elisabetta , Rosso Riccardo
Published: April 2018

Blood clotting, platelet aggregation, complete blood count and lipid profile were evaluated in 12 postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Patients under treatment with high-dose MPA were considered not at risk for thomboembolic disease and were given MPA orally, 800 mg/day, for at least 3 months. Laboratory investigations were performed prior to treatment with MPA then once weekly during the first month and every 2 weeks during the following months. PTT, TEG, antithrombin III and platelet adhesiveness underwent statistically significant changes, tending towards hypercoagulability, although, on the average, they did not exceed the upper normal range. The authors conclude that a clinically relevant thrombotic activity cannot be attributed to MPA at the administered oral doses in the absence of additional risk factors.
Uselessnes of Thermography for Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Cristofolini Mario , Perani Bruna , Piscioli Francesco , Recchia Giovanni , Zumiani Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

Thermography is useless for diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanomas (CMM). In fact, false negative thermograms (29.9 %) are much more numerous than clinically suspicious cases. Thermography is useless for follow-up of CMM. False-negative and false-positive thermograms of metastatic lymph nodes, subcutaneous nodules and removal site of CMM are much too numerous.
Inhibition of Leukocyte Migration by a Human Colon Cancer Extract
Authors: Sirianni Maria Caterina , Luzi Giuseppe , Iavarone Claudio , Papaluca Marisa , Fiorilli Massimo , Messinetti Silvio , Aiuti Fernando
Published: April 2018

The direct leucocyte migration inhibition test in capillary tubes was used to test 10 patients with colonic adenocarcinoma against KCl soluble extracts of an allogenic colon cancer and an allogenic normal colon fragment. Inhibition was consistently found with the cancer extract but not with the normal tissue extract. None of the control group of patients affected by other tumors, intestinal and liver disorders showed a migration inhibition in response to the colonic tumor extract. Our findings strongly suggest the presence of a tumor-associated antigen in the cancer extract.
Tamoxifen Therapy in Postmenopausal Advanced Breast Cancer: Efficacy at the Primary Tumor Site in 46 Evaluable Patients
Authors: Veronesi Andrea , Frustaci Sergio , Tirelli Umberto , Galligioni Enzo , Trovò Mauro G. , Crivellari Diana , Magri M. Donatella , Tumolo Salvatore , Grigoletto Eligio
Published: April 2018

Forty-six evaluable postmenopausal patients with locally advanced, inoperable T3-T4 breast carcinoma were treated with tamoxifen 10-20 mg twice daily for a period at least 6 weeks. Eight patients (17 %) had an objective response at the primary tumor site after 6 weeks of treatment. Improvement of response with a further single tamoxifen therapy was observed in 7 patients, resulting in an overall objective response in 14 of 46 (30 %). Median duration of response was 8 months (range 2-24). No response was obtained in the 5 patients with inflammatory signs. Toxicity of treatment was minimal. Median survival was 10 months (responders 17.5, non-responders 9). Tamoxifen seems to be a safe and effective treatment for locally advanced breast cancer without inflammatory signs in postmenopausal women.
Tobramycin versus Gentamicin, in Combination with Cephalotin and Carbenecillin, in Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Bacigalupo Andrea , Van Lint Maria T. , Volta Carla , Grazi Grazia , Soro Ornella , Podestà Marina , Frassoni Francesco , Marmont Alberto
Published: April 2018

Thirty-six patients with severe aplastic anemia or acute leukemia undergoing bone marrow transplantation or intensive hematologic treatments were randomized to receive gentamicin (1 mg/kg/iv q8h) or tobramycin (1 mg/kg/iv q8h) in combination with carbenecillin (500 mg/kg/day i.v. in 4 doses) and cephalotin (200 mg/kg/day i.v. in 6 doses), at the onset of fever during granulocytopenia. Patients in the gentamicin group were treated for a total of 541 patient days (minimum 5, maximum 106), and patients in the tobramycin group for 426 patient days (minimum 9, maximum 48). All patients received oral decontamination, which included the amino glycoside (either gentamicin or tobramycin) given intravenously. This study showed that 1) no patient had an increase in creatinine level above 1.3 mg % and no patient developed renal failure, 2) there was no difference between gentamicin and tobramycin in the efficacy of treating febrile episodes and/or major infections, 3) prolonged intravenous administration (up to 48 consecutive days in the tobramycin group and 106 consecutive days in the gentamicin group) was well tolerated and effective in treating fever of unknown origin in granulocytopenic patients: 45 of 72 febrile episodes resolved while the patients had a granulocyte count below 500/mm3.
Influence of Splenectomy upon Immunologic Reactivity of Patients with Hodgkin'S Disease
Authors: Rogan-Grgas Jadranka , Milas Luka , Hauptmann Erich , Nola Petar , Kolarić Krsto , Maričić Zeljko , Malenica Branko
Published: April 2018

Since most patients with Hodgkin's disease benefit from splenectomy, a study was designed to explore whether these beneficial effects could be attributed to the recovery of patients’ immunologic reactivity. Using a series of ordinary skin test (PPD-tuberculine, Varidase and Candidin) determination of absolute T and B lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood and their mitogenic responsiveness, assessment of immunologic reactivity was performed in 28 Hodgkin's disease patients, prior to and 14 days after splenectomy. The results showed that overall immunologic reactivity of these patients was suppressed as judged by low absolute lymphocyte counts (1747.2 ± 171.9), lower counts of T (592.0 ± 92.1) and B cells (295.9 ± 40.5) and their poor capacity to respond to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (20342.6 ± 3662.8 cpm), although the reactivity towards skin test antigens seemed to be well preserved. After splenectomy the reactivity improved, absolute lymphocyte counts raisd to 2654.9 ± 468.8 and were parallelled by an increase in T (936.7 ± 138.0) and B cell counts (402.2 ± 81.2). PHA reactivity recovered as well (26965.5 ± 4035.6 cpm), however, its remained lower than in control cultures. Furthermore, the immunocompetence of patients’ spleens was assessed. The possible influence of some suppressive mechanisms such as serum-blocking factor and prostaglandins is discussed.
Histology and Cytometrics in Human Breast Cancers Assayed for the Presence of Prolactin Receptors
Authors: Codegone Maria Laura , Di Carlo Raffaele , Muccioli Giampiero , Bussolati Gianni
Published: April 2018

Histology and cytometrics were evaluated in 50 cases of human breast infiltrating carcinomas (44 ductal, 6 lobular) assayed for the presence of prolactin receptors (PR). The tumors were considered PR positive when the level of specific binding reached or exceeded 0.5 %. Twenty-six ductal infiltrating carcinomas and 4 lobular ones were PR positive. No strict correlation was found between PR and degree of histologic differentiation (expressed in grades) or menopausal status. Better differentiated (grade I) ductal carcinomas were, however, mostly PR negative. Evaluation of the mean nuclear diameter (MND) and of the maximal epithelial cellularity (MEC) revealed that in ductal carcinomas a high level of PR (> 3 % specific binding) was significantly correlated with a high MND. It is concluded that, contrary to that observed in estrogen receptor-positive tumors, PR-positive human ductal carcinomas are more likely to have large nuclei, i.e., cytologically anaplastic, whereas better differentiated (grade I) carcinomas are generally PR negative.
Association of Cea Test and Liver Scan in Detection of Hepatic Metastases of Gastrointestinal Carcinoma
Authors: Buraggi Gian Luigi , Bombardieri Emilio , Castellani Maria Rita , Rodari Antonio , Crippa Flavio
Published: April 2018

The authors evaluate the combined use of liver scan and the CEA test in the diagnosis of hepatic metastases of carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Association of the two tests is justified by the fact that the liver scan is very specific but not very sensitive, whereas the CEA test is more sensitive and not very specific. The sensitivity of the CEA test, on the other hand, can be increased by increasing the threshold of normality. However, the associated diagnostic use of the liver scan and the CEA test gives a loss of specificity with respect to the use of the liver scan alone. The present study, carried out on a series of 376 patients affected by gastrointestinal tumors of which 79 were of the stomach (9 with hepatic metastases), 133 of the colon and higher sigmoid (25 with hepatic metastases), and 164 of the lower sigmoid and rectum (29 with hepatic metastases), proposed to establish by use of a statistical method the optimal threshold of the CEA test that would give the best diagnostic specificity of the combined CEA test and liver scan without any relevant loss of sensitivity. A threshold of 26 ng/ml of the CEA test gave a specificity of 92 %, a sensitivity of 80 %, and an accuracy of 90 %. The authors think that in the detection of liver metastases of gastrointestinal tumors, the combined test can be more helpful the less the probability, for a given patient, for other metastatic localizations.
Lack of Oncogenic Activity of Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Bucciarelli Emilio , Provvidenza Michele , Testarella Mara , Bianco Francesca Miele
Published: April 2018

The oncogenic activity of doxorubicin and daunorubicin, given i.v. once at the dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, to male and female BALB/c mice, was examined. Compared with controls treated with a saline solution, about 1 year after administration, no significant statistical differences was noted in tumor incidence. The data obtained differ greatly from the considerable oncogenic power demonstrated by the 2 drugs with regards to rats.
Kaposi's Sarcoma Complicating Immunosuppressive Therapy for Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy with Dysproteinemia
Authors: Cazzola Mario , Bergamaschi Gaetano , Castello Alessandro , Del Forno Corrado , Dezza Laura , Magrini Umberto , Ascari Edoardo
Published: April 2018

Cutaneous and visceral dissemination of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) occurred in a patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD) who had been treated with combination chemotherapy. Three other cases of KS complicating immunosuppressive therapy of AILD have been reported in the literature, and there is evidence to indicate that AILD displays features which are known to predispose to KS. Like in other subjects with profound immunodeficiency (e.g. in young homosexual men), in our patient KS pursued an unusually aggressive course, with involvement of lymph nodes and internal organs as well as the skin. It is concluded that the risk of developing severe KS is a further reason to avoid aggressive combination chemotherapy in patients with AILD, particularly in those of Jewish or Mediterranean ancestry. Even the use of corticosteroids should be reduced to a minimum to avoid immunosuppression, and a conservative approach to treatment seems advisable.
Bone Marrow Involvement at Onset of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Cimino Giuseppe , Anselmo Anna Paola , De Luca Anna Maria , Fidani Paola , Mauro Francesca , Marzullo Antonella , Enrici R. Maurizi , Papa Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

Bilateral trephine bone marrow biopsies of 370 patients with Hodgkin's disease first seen at the Institute of Hematology, University of Rome, between 1970 and 1981, revealed tumor involvement of the bone marrow in 18 cases. The histologic type was mixed cellularity in 7 cases, lymphocytic depletion in 4 cases, nodular sclerosis in 4 cases, and lymphocytic prevalence in 1 case. Anemia with less than 10 g/dl of hemoglobin was observed in 5 patients; white blood cells were less than 4.0 × 109/liter in 2 patients; platelets were less than 12.0 × 109/liter in 1 case; a pancytopenic condition was observed in only 1 case. B symptoms were present in 14 of the 18 patients. All patients who underwent laparosplenectomy presented spleen involvement, 4 also had liver involvement. All patients were treated with chemotherapy; MOPP regimen was employed in 11 cases, ABVD in 5 patients, and PROVECIP in 1 case. Of the 13 patients evaluable for therapeutic response, 11 achieved complete remission, with a median actuarial relapse-free survival of 15 months. The actuarial survival curve showed that 50% of all patients are projected alive at 47 months with a follow-up ranging from 1 to 109 months.
Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Cancer. III. Search for Relationship of Herpes Simplex Antibodies and Cervical Dysplasia and Labial Neoplasia
Authors: Rotola Antonella , Gerna Giuseppe , Di Luca Dario , Virgili Anna Rosa , Manservigi Roberto , Cassai Enzo
Published: April 2018

We employed the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect hemagglutination (IHA), and complement fixation (CF) methods to measure antibody titer to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in patients affected by labial tumors or cervical dysplasias. No relationship of antibody titer to HSV-1 and labial tumors was detected by any of the three methods. Association between antibody titer to HSV-2 and cervical dysplasias was revealed by IHA (p < 0.05) and ELISA (p < 0.001); CF tests were negative. Moreover, we assayed for HSV-specific antigens in cell cultures derived from labial tumors and cervical dysplasias. In cultures from labial tumors, it was not possible to detect HSV-specific antigens. Of the 25 cultures derived from cervical dysplasias, HSV antigens were found in only 3 cultures.
Tumor Radioimmunolocalization in a Murine System using Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Mènard Sylvie , Miotti Silvia , Tagliabue Elda , Parmi Liliana , Buraggi Gian Luigi , Colnaghi Maria Ines
Published: April 2018

Tumor localization was obtained in a murine system by use of 131I-labeled monoclonal antibodies, both of IgG and IgM class. The A6 IgG2 monoclonal antibody (which recognizes the gp70 of MuLV) and the B3 IgM monoclonal antibody (which recognizes a proteic structure widely exposed on chemically induced tumors), which both manifest an in vitro cytotoxic activity for various types of murine lymphomas, were injected in tumor-bearing (B6 × BALB/c)F1 mice and B6 mice, respectively, at the dose of 1 μg per mouse. The radioactivity count demonstrated an optimal tumor accumulation of the radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies 96 h after iodine injection, although an initial accumulation was already present 48 h after injection. The scanning detection was less sensitive, since at 48 h no tumor localization was possible. In the experiments with the A6 antibody, the presence of the gp70 in the circulating form, demonstrated by the detection of immunocomplexes in kidney and spleen of tumor-bearing mice injected with the A6, did not prevent radioactivity accumulation in the tumor. This accumulation was found to increase with tumor size only up to 1 g of tumor weight, then a decreased binding index was observed, whereas in the kidney the accumulation was progressive and paralleled the increase in tumor weight.
Testicular Mesotheliomas in Rats Exposed to N-2-Fluorenylacetamide (FAA)
Authors: Cabral J.R.P. , Neal G.E.
Published: April 2018

The incidence of testicular mesotheliomas after exposure to the carcinogen N-2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA) was studied in Fischer 344 rats. The animals were fed a carcinogenic diet (containing 0.06 % FAA) for 4 weeks and then a control diet for 1 week. This schedule was carried out for 3 complete cycles (12 weeks). A smaller group of rats was treated with FAA for 1 complete cycle only (4 weeks). One group of untreated controls was also available. The surviving rats were sacrificed at 59 weeks of age. The administration of FAA for 3 complete cycles resulted in a high incidence of liver, testis and Zymbal-gland tumors. The testicular tumours were mesotheliomas and occurred in 9/25 rats. No such tumour was observed in animals treated for 1 cycle only or in untreated controls. The high incidence of testicular mesotheliomas, a rare type of tumour in this and other rat strains, suggests an association with the treatment. The present experimental model may be useful in elucidating the mechanisms of the induction of mesothelial tumours of the testis by chemical carcinogens.
Histomorphologic Study of Bone Marrow in Acute Leukemia following Chemotherapy and Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Muretto Pietro , Izzi Teodosio , Grianti Cesare , Moretti Luciano
Published: April 2018

Twenty-six patients with acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoid leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis were studied by means of multiple biopsies during a polychemotherapeutic or autologous bone marrow transplant protocol. Following chemotherapy, 3 main phases were observed: leukemic cellular depletion, stromal bone marrow reconstruction, and bone marrow hemopoietic restoration. Following intensive chemotherapy (in 2 patients after cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation) and autologous bone marrow transplantation, the 3 phases appeared to be shorter. A focal or diffuse increase in marrow fibrosis was a common finding in leukemia. An effective antileukemic therapy resulted in a decrease in fibrosis, whereas in some cases a further increase was a precocious sign of leukemia relapse.