bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Internet of Things (IOT) Security and Privacy Risks – A Proposal Model
Authors: Awad Saad Al-Qahtani, Mohammad Ayoub Khan Awad Saad Al-Qahtani, Mohammad Ayoub Khan
Published: October 2021

The Internet of things (IOT) users lack awareness of IOT security infrastructure to handle the risks including Threats, attack and penetration associated with its use. IOT devices are main targets for cyber-attacks due to variable personally identifiable information (PII) stored and transmit in the cyber centers. The security risks of the Internet of Things aimed to damage user's security and privacy. All information about users can be collected from their related objects which are stored in the system or transferred through mediums among diverse smart objects and may exposed to exposed dangerous of attacks and threats if it lack authentication so there are essential need to make IOT security requirements as important part of its efficient implementation. These requirements include; availability, accountability, authentication, authorization, privacy and confidentiality, Integrity and Non-repudiation. The study design is a survey research to investigate the visibility of the proposed model of security management for IOT uses, the security risks of IOT devices, and the changes IOT technology on the IT infrastructure of IOT users through answering of the research questionnaires. This work proposes a model of security management for IOT to predict IOT security and privacy threats, protect IOT users from any unforeseen dangers, and determine the right security mechanisms and protocols for IOT security layers, as well as give the most convenient security mechanisms. Moreover, for enhancing the performance of IOT networks by selecting suitable security mechanisms for IOT layers to increase IOT user's security satisfaction.
Analytical comparative study of the Umayyad mosaics in Tiberius and Jericho: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة للفسيفساء الأموية "في طبريا وأريحا "
Authors: Gamal Abdel-Rehem Ibrahim Hassan, Khayriah Mohammad Hamdan H Gamal Abdel-Rehem Ibrahim Hassan, Khayriah Mohammad Hamdan H
Published: October 2021

The aim of the research was to analyze the artistic decorations of the mosaic of the ancient Umayyad civilization in Palestine in the light of a comparative study between the most important umayyad palaces in Khirbet al-Minya in Tiberias and Khirbet al-Masrif in Jericho. There is no doubt that the archaeological site of Khirbet al-Monaina in Palestine has played a major role in the decoration of floors and walls, where we find it covering the dome above the top of the huge hall of the palace and take geometric and floral motifs, in addition to covering some of the floors of rooms filled with many mosaics of various shapes and use. On the other hand, there is a consensus among archaeologists and Islamic arts that the ruins of Khirbet al-Mafjar are unique architectural buildings in Palestine, which represent one of the important examples in the history of Islamic art in the Umayyad period, because of its possession of fine art decorations and various materials of plaster, in addition to mosaic floors and frescoes, as well as buildings rich in examples of patterns used by the Umayyads in architectural decoration. After the comparative analytical study of the Umayyad mosaic in Khirbet al-Mania in Tiberias and Khirbet al-Mafjar in Jericho, the research found out and discovered the similarities and differences between them.
The effect of using an active learning strategy in teaching the English language on the achievement level of primary school students: أثر استخدام استراتيجية التعلم النشط في تدريس اللغة الانجليزية على مستوى التحصيل لدى طالبات المرحلة الابتدائية
Authors: Shorouq Ali Al-Ghamdi, Afrah Hafiz Al-Oweidi Shorouq Ali Al-Ghamdi, Afrah Hafiz Al-Oweidi
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to identify the effect of using an active learning strategy in teaching the English language on the level of achievement of primary school students. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach through utilizing the questionnaire to collect data from the targeted sample. The study population included all primary stage female teachers in Bisha Governance, who account for (109) teachers, where the researcher conducted a full survey of the population. The results of the study showed that using moral incentives to promote positive behavior among primary school students leads to improving their academic achievement, active learning increases classroom interaction between teachers and primary school students. In light of the obtained results, the researcher recommended the utilization of an active learning strategy in teaching the English language, and that English teachers should continuously focus on updating their teaching techniques and methods to boost students learning.
إنتاج الكهرباء وآثاره في انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: الحاجي زكيه راضي , علي محمد السيد حافظ
Published: October 2021

بسبب زيادة الطلب على الطاقة الكهربائية في المملكة العربية السعودية، مما أدى إلى زيادة انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون، فإن نظام الكهرباء في المملكة العربية السعودية هو الأكبر في منطقة الخليج والعالم العربي، بحوالي 61.7 جيجا واط من ذروة الطلب على الطاقة الكهربائية و89.2 جيجا واط من السعة المتاحة في عام 2018. وقد نمت بسرعة على مدى أكثر من 20 عامًا وتضاعف حجمها تقريبًا منذ عام 2000. حيث نلاحظ أن إجمالي انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون في المملكة العربية السعودية من عام 1990 إلى 2020؛ حيث تظهر نمو سريع في انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون وغازات الاحتباس الحراري، حيث تبين أن انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون في عام 1990 بلغت 151 مليون طن متري مقارنة بعام 2011 عندما وصلت إلى حوالي 435 مليون طن متري، واستمرت الزيادة حتى عام 2020 عندما وصلت إلى حوالي 530 مليون طن متري. اعتمدت الدراسة الشاملة على تحليل السلاسل الزمنية لتحليل دقيق لمعدل إنتاجية الطاقة الكهربائية من الوقود الأحفوري والكمية الكبيرة من انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون الناتجة عادةً عن الاحتراق الفوري للوقود الأحفوري لإنتاج الطاقة الكهربائية بشكل طبيعي. لذلك، تسعى المملكة العربية السعودية، من خلال رؤية 2030 واتفاقية باريس بشأن تغير المناخ، إلى خفض معدل انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون في مجال توليد الطاقة الكهربائية من خلال تنويع الوقود المستخدم أو استبداله بالطاقة النظيفة والمتجددة مثل الطاقة الشمسية وطاقة الرياح.
تأثير استبدال مستويات مختلفة من كسبة السمسم كمصدر بروتيني محل كسبة فول الصويا على الأداء الإنتاجي والتناسلي لطائر السمان البياض
Authors: يونس دريد ذنون , الصوفي خالد هادي مصطفى
Published: October 2021

أجريت الدراسة في حقل الطيور الداجنة التابع لقسم الإنتاج الحيواني/ كلية الزراعة والغابات/ جامعة الموصل للفترة من 2020/ 2/ 18 ولغاية 2020/ 4/ 13. هدفت التجربة لدراسة تأثير استبدال مستويات مختلفة من كسبة السمسم (SSM) كمصدر بروتيني محل كسبة فول الصويا (SBM) على الأداء الإنتاجي والتناسلي لطائر السمان البياض، استخدم فيها 360 طائر سمان (240 أنثى و120 ذكر) بعمر 49 يوم وزعت عشوائياً إلى خمسة معاملات، كل معاملة ثمانية مكررات وبواقع 9 طيور في كل مكرر (6 إناث و3 ذكور) وكانت المعاملات كالآتي: الأولى سيطرة (كسبة السمسم صفر%)، الثانية والثالثة والرابعة والخامسة تم استبدال كسبة السمسم محل كسبة فول الصويا بالنسب (25، 50، 75 و100)% على التوالي، حيث كان العلف والماء متوفر بصورة حرة طيلة فترة التجربة البالغة 8 أسابيع. أظهرت نتائج التحليل الإحصائي وجود تدهور معنوي بمستوى (α≤0.05 ) في المعاملة الخامسة (كسبة السمسم 100%) مقارنةً بالسيطرة وباقي المعاملات في عدد البيض الكلي، معدل وزن البيضة، كتلة البيض الكلية، نسبة إنتاج البيض Hen day egg production (%H.D)، كمية العلف المستهلك الكلي، معامل التحويل الغذائي، نسبة الخصوبة، نسبة الفقس من البيض الكلي، معدل وزن الأفراخ الفاقسة وارتفاع معنوي في نسبة الهلاكات الجنينية. كما بينت النتائج وجود انخفاض معنوي بمستوى (P≤0.05) في كمية العلف المستهلك الكلي للمعاملة الرابعة (كسبة السمسم 75%) مقارنةً بالسيطرة، في حين لم يلاحظ وجود اي فروقات معنوية لباقي معاملات الاستبدال في جميع الصفات المدروسة. أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة إمكانية استخدام كسبة السمسم كمصدر بروتيني بنسبة (75%) محل كسبة فول الصويا في علائق طائر السمان البياض.
الخروج من الخلاف ونماذج من تطبيقاته في قانون الأحوال الشخصية
Authors: القواسمي عبد السميع فوزي عبد السميع
Published: October 2021

لقد كان علماؤنا الأوائل مثالا يحتذى به في إزالة الخلاف في المسائل الفقهية، فعملوا على تأصيل كثير من المسائل وجاءت قاعدة "الخروج من الخلاف مستحب" بشروطها وضوابطها عند الأئمة فكانت حجر بناء عظيم في الفقه في شتى المجالات، والهدف الرئيس من هذا البحث تبيان إمكانية الأخذ بالرأي الآخر عند الخلاف توسعة للأمة ورفعا للحرج عنها، وقد تناول البحث تعريف القاعدة عند أصحاب المذاهب، ومتى يُعمل بها، وما هي شروط العمل بها، ومن ثم تنزيل هذه القاعدة على مسائل في الأحوال الشخصية، والتي هي التطبيق العملي للإسلام في الحياة الأسرية، فبعد أن عرَّفت الخروج من الخلاف بشقيه؛ وكيفيته وأقسامه وشروطه ومجاله، مثلت بخمس مسائل في الأحوال الشخصية كنموذج للخروج من الخلاف، وهذه المسائل هي استحباب استئذان الوالدُ البكرَ البالغة عند تزويجها؛ والإشهاد على الرجعة في الطلاق الرجعي، الإشهاد على عقد النكاح، والزواج بنية الطلاق أو التحليل، واشتراط الولي في عقد الزواج، وقد تمت دراسة كل مسألة، من حيث تصوير المسألة وتحرير محل النزاع وسبب الخلاف، وأقوال العلماء وأدلتهم، والترجيح، ورأي قانون الأحوال الشخصية في المسألة، والمنهج الذي سلكته في هذا البحث هو المنهج الاستقرائي الفقهي التطبيقي، مع تحري الدقة في الرجوع إلى الكتب التي تحدثت عن المسألة وأقوال العلماء فيها، وعزو الآيات والأحاديث إلى مظانها، وقد توصل الباحث إلى أن الخروج من الخلاف مستحب ولكن بشروط، وإن إعمال الخروج من الخلاف في مسائل الأحوال الشخصية يقلل الهوة في الخلاف مما يرتقي بهذا القانون ويخفف على الناس، مما يجعل العمل بها مسايرا للعصر الحالي دون المساس بأصول الأحكام الشرعية.
Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by (OCT) optical coherence tomography in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)
Authors: Mustafa Nassan Hasoun, Yusuf Suleiman, Hala Saeed Mustafa Nassan Hasoun, Yusuf Suleiman, Hala Saeed
Published: October 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in Syrian patients with MS and diseases- free controls and to assess this thickness in MS-ON and MS-NON, and assess the relationship between RNFL thickness Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. Although there are many similar studies to evaluate role of OCT at MS patients in different countries and many races,but this study is the first one of using OCT at MS patients in our country. Methods: This study (cross sectional ,case- control) was carried out at Tishreen University Hospital in Latakia. A total of 112 eyes from 56 individuals with an age range from 22 to 43 years were studied. twenty -six patients with definite MS, Diagnosis of MS was based on the MacDonald criteria.The disease-free controls were matched for age and gender (n=30; 60eyes). Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography (Spectralis OCT - Heidelberg Engineering), and gathering information about past ON history since more than 6 months and EDSS. Results: There were statistically Significant differences (p=0.0001) between both groups (case- control) were observed in OCT parameters (average, and all sectors especially temporal and superior sector) with lower RNFL thickness in the MS group (MS-ON,MS-NON).There were statistically significant differences (p=0.0001) between MS-ON (n = 20 eyes) and MS-NON (n = 32eyes) for all RNFL parameters measured by OCT, with lower RNFL thickness in (MS-ON).There were statistically significant inverse correlations was observed between average RNFL thickness and neurologic impairment (Expanded Disability Status Scale) (r=- 0.6، P=0.0001) and all sectors especially in temporal and superior quadrants (r=-7 , P=0.0001). Conclusions: OCT seems to be a reproducible test to detect axonal loss of ganglion cells in MS (RNFL). Further and larger longitudinal prospective studies would be valuable to assess the evolution over time of the RNFL measurements in Syrian MS patients.
Probability Distribution of ADAS Metal Dampers in R.C. Buildings Using Nonlinear Analysis
Authors: Hala Tawfek Hasan, Khaled Al-Homsi Hala Tawfek Hasan, Khaled Al-Homsi
Published: October 2021

This study discusses the effect of metallic yielding dampers (ADAS) on the behavior of reinforcement concrete buildings when exposed to seismic shocks. The objective of the study is to reduce the negative impacts on the main structural elements (plastic, fall) by using the technique of metallic dampers. The method of metallic dampers is one of the modern ways based on the principle of dissipating the resulting energy from the seismic shock and reducing the needed energy in the main structural elements of the building to keep it in a flexible state. This technique also provides a controlling mechanism for story displacement, the handling of the soft story mechanic and the torsion mechanic of the buildings. In this study, the effect of the addition of ADAS dampers on the construction behavior was observed in terms of (building period, base shear, roof displacement, roof acceleration, story displacement, dissipative energy). Based on the preceding, this study will give the possibility of predicting the behavior of the building when using ADAS metal dampers in the reinforced concrete structures with their distribution methods.
A methodology for enabling the sustainable development of Therapeutic tourism in the Egyptian desert – An applied study on the hamra ecolodge resort in Wadi El- Natroun –
Authors: Ahmed Ali Soliman Elsamahy, Nanees Abd Elhamid Elsayyad, Usa Ahmed Ali Soliman Elsamahy, Nanees Abd Elhamid Elsayyad, Usa
Published: October 2021

Despite the importance of therapeutic tourism, it faces great obstacles that limit the growth of the sustainability of its development, among the main obstacles that stand in the way of sustaining the development of therapeutic tourism in Wadi El- Natroun is the existence of an urban phenomenon that did not follow sustainable development in its design, with the absence of coordination between the ministries and relevant bodies. It is the absence of specific mechanisms and methodology for how to choose the most important criteria and sustainable planning indicators to assess the sustainability of therapeutic resorts, as it is considered one of the most important pillars of development for the sustainability of therapeutic tourism, in order to preserve the therapeutic area's resources from pollution resulting from human use, both in construction and operation In this way. The research provides a clearer picture for enabling the sustainable development of therapeutic tourism in Wadi El- Natroun through the preparation of a methodology and guidebook to enhance the sustainability of therapeutic tourism resorts in the region and their application in way that enables development decision- makers in the region to make rational and logical decisions regarding enabling sustainable development for therapeutic tourism development in it. And through both parts of theoretical research and analysis of the current situation in the study area, the most important results were reached the conclusion of a methodology and a guideline of the most important controls, determinants and sustainability indicators. It contains three criteria with eighteen basic determinants and eighty- one main indicators with the value of indicative relative weights divided as follows: Indicators of planning and design standards with a value of (40%)- Environmental standards indicators with a value of (35%)- Administrative and societal standards indicators with a value of (25%) , that are Serve as a checklist for developers and investors when preparing therapeutic tourism resorts in the design, management and operation processes to enable the sustainability of the development of desert therapeutic tourism on the site.The research ends with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to apply the methodology and guidebook to therapeutic tourism resorts that are being prepared for in the region, it is considered one of the most important decision- making tools when planning to develop sustainable therapeutic tourism in the study area.
التغذية الطبيعية ووصف النوع Clausocalanus furcatus رتبة Cyclopoida (Copepoda) في المياه الشاطئية لمدينة بانياس (شرق المتوسط)
Authors: ميّا وسيم محمود , الحنون كمال سالم
Published: October 2021

تضمنت الدراسة الحالية دراسة الطيف الغذائي لنوع من العوالق الحيوانية القشرية من رتبة Cyclopoida وهو النوع Clausocalanus furcatusمن خلال دراسة بنية الفقيم ومحتوى المعي لتحديد الغذاء المفضل للنوع. جمعت 93 عينة عمودياً بشكل مستمر ومتدرج في الفترة الممتدة بين أذار وتشرين الأول 2020، كما ترافق جمع العينات بأخذ قياسات هيدروفيزيائية وهيدروكيميائية من ثلاث مناطق مختلفة عن بعضها البعض بخصائصها البيئية. بلغ عدد أفراد النوع Clausocalanus furcatus المدروسة (64) منها (44) إناث و (20) ذكور. من ناحية أخرى فإن تحديد شكل الفقيم ودراسة بنيته ومعرفة محتوى المعي عند النوع المذكور أعلاه ساعد في اتساع المعارف عن ظروف واستراتيجيات تغذيته تحت تأثير العوامل البيئية المختلفة، بلغ عدد العوالق النباتية التي تغذى عليها النوع Clausocalanus furcatus(9) أنواع، منها (5) من السوطيات ونوعين من المشطورات ونوع واحد من مجموعة Cryptophyceae، كان أعلى متوسط للسوطيات (1755) فرداً، تلتها المشطورات(505) فرداً، ثم مجموعة الـــ Cryptophyceae (189) فرداً.
استخدام خوارزمية الأعشاب الضارة في حل مسائل شبكة الأعمال
Authors: محمد همسة معن
Published: October 2021

يتكون أي مشروع من مجموعة من الأنشطة المتداخلة والمترابطة وفق ترتيب معين والتي تنفذ في وقت محدد. حجم المشاريع وارتفاع تكاليفها وتعقيدات نشاطاتها جعلها بحاجة إلى تخطيط مسبق ودقيق. من هنا جاءت فكرة شبكات الأعمال حيث اعتمد التحليل العلمي لتخطيط المشاريع وجدولتها ومراجعتها من خلال تمثيل هذه المشاريع بشبكة توضح تسلسل انشطتها بتكاليف واوقات مناسبة. وتحتاج مثل هذه الشبكات إلى وقت وجهد لتنفيذها من هنا جاءت فكرة البحث حيث قامت الباحثة باستخدام احدى التقنيات الذكائية (خوارزمية الأعشاب الضارة) وتطبيقها على بعض مسائل شبكات الأعمال التي تتطلب وقتا وجهدا كبيرين يكبران كلما كبر حجم المشروع , من خلال تطبيق الخوارزمية على بعض هذه المسائل نجحت في تحقيق النتائج المطلوبة في وقت قياسي (دقائق معدودة) وحسب حجم المسالة, وجهد لا يكاد يذكر, ففي المسالة الأولى حققت النتائج (الوقت المتوقع لكل نشاط, تحديد المسار الحرج, حساب الوقت اللازم لإنجاز المسار الحرج) في دقيقة تقريبا والمسالة الثانية في دقيقتين الا بضع ثوان اما الثالثة فلقد اعطت النتائج لها في دقيقتين ونصف تقريبا, وبهذا تكون هذه التقنية الذكائية قد حققت النتائج المطلوبة بأقل وقت وجهد ممكنين يمكن استخدام مثل هذه التقنية وتنفيذها على مسائل في مجالات مختلفة لما لهذه التقنية من دقة وكفاءة وسرعة في حل المسائل.
SUSTAINABLE PREFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTION METHOD IN EGYPT
Authors: Mahmoud Ezzat Elkotb salem, Khaled Mohmed Mohmed Heiza, Kame Mahmoud Ezzat Elkotb salem, Khaled Mohmed Mohmed Heiza, Kame
Published: October 2021

As for factories, they are always divided into two main parts, which are the administrative part and the part in which the industrial process takes place, which is the industrial part. The two parts may be located in one building or a building dedicated to each part may be built, depending largely on the requirements of the industry and the size of the factory. There are large differences between the use of each part and thus, resulting in large differences in the characteristics of each building. The ways of choosing the construction method for industrial building in Egypt still depend to a large extent on anecdotal evidence or simply cost- based evaluation when comparing different construction methods for industrial buildings. Therefore, there is an urgent need for holistic criteria to assist in the method of choosing the appropriate construction method for industrial buildings during the early stages (design and planning stage) of the project. By reviewing the previous literature and the requirements of the various stakeholders in the project, reviewing the Egyptian laws, whether building laws or environmental laws, as well as labor laws, and making comprehensive comparisons between the different construction methods, especially the on- site construction method and the off- site construction method, a set of 30 Sustainable Performance criteria (SPC) based on the Trip Bottom Line (TBL) were determined. A questionnaire was designed and a survey was conducted for Egyptian practitioners who have experience in either the industrial building construction industry or in off- site construction methods. The survey included contractors, consultants and owners of industrial buildings. The survey was conducted to determine their perceptions of the importance of the selected criteria. The ranking analysis of the survey results showed that there is still a low importance for social and environmental standards compared to economic criteria in the method of choosing methods for constructing industrial buildings in Egypt.
أثر تخريج المناط في المعاملات المالية: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة
Authors: الحسين أحمد حمود
Published: October 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى بيان الأثر العملي الذي ينتج من عملية الكشف عن العلة في مسائل المعاملات المالية، واستخدم الباحث في سبيل ذلك المنهج التحليلي المقارن، حيث لجأ إلى تتبع أدلة معاملات مالية معينة ومقصودة بالذات، ثم تحليل هذه الأدلة عبر مسالك إجرائية ومنهجية مجردة للوقوف على العلل الكامنة وراء الإباحة أو الحظر لهذه المعاملات، ليصار إلى سحب تلك الأحكام الفقهية المستنتجة على معاملات أخرى تشترك مع المعاملات التي تم الكشف عن علتها وتخريج مناطها، ولا ريب أن نوع المعاملات التي اتخذ الباحث منها مادة هذا البحث هي من المسكوت عن علته، أو ما صرحت النصوص بحكمه دون أدنى إشارة إلى مناطه، حيث درس الباحث معاملة بيع الإنسان ما ليس عنده من خلال الأدلة ذات الصلة بها، ثم قام بتخريج مناط هذه المعاملة والكشف عن علتها، لينتهي إلى الأثر الفقهي المترتب على هذا التخريج، وهو إعطاء حكم هذه المعاملة ذاته إلى معاملات أخرى تشاركها في المناط، كبيوع الغرر والبيع قبل القبض، وبيع المعدوم، أو غير المقدور على تسليمه، وبين عدم وجاهة إدخال معاملات أخرى ضمن هذا النسق نفسه؛ لاختلاف المناط. ومثل ذلك في مسألة الأمر برد الشاة مع صاع من تمر، فبعد الكشف عن مناط هذا الأمر وتخريج علته استطاع الباحث أن يؤسس عليه قانون رد المتلفات الفقهي.
Formation of Consciousness of Fictional Characters: Reading in the novel Al-Masarrat Wal Awja’ (Joys and Pains)
Authors: Kawthar Muhammed Ali Jabara Kawthar Muhammed Ali Jabara
Published: October 2021

The events often contained in any narrative work contribute to the formation of the consciousness of the characters in the work, no matter how superficial that consciousness, as well as the consciousness of the writer that transmits it in one or a group of his works, through his characters who contribute to a set of events and interactions between them by revealing their vision for themselves and each other, in addition to their pronouncement of judgments resulting from their consciousness of what happened in their past and what is happening in their surroundings. Consciousness is one of the most prominent features that we can find in a character that has an independent existence, and has its own style of perceiving situations and facts surrounding it, which lives in its world, as well as realizing what is going on in itself in advance. Hence, we deal with this research of the fictional characters in the novel (Al-Masarrat Wal Awja’) by the Iraqi novelist Fuad al-Takarli from this aspect that was said to have been addressed by critical studies, to reveal a mechanism that shapes these characters’ consciousness of themselves and others, their references and their vision of the world that the author conveys to us through his narrator. Our choice of novel (Al-Masarrat Wal Awja’) was due to the writer’s care of his main and secondary characters and the multiplicity of their social and cultural levels, which enriched the fictional work in terms of the references that each character reflects and refers to, especially the main character (Tawfiq), which we see once existential, once agnostic, and at other times without all the references, in addition to being a sophisticated figure at work and presenting his vision of the world through his diaries that were part of the fictional work. The research is divided into three sections, the first is theoretic and is concerned with the consciousness of the term and the concept, and the second dealt with patterns of consciousness in terms of the concept of each type and how it appeared in the novel under consideration and in which character was it reflected from its characters. As for the last topic, we dealt with the vision of the world presented by the novelist about the path of his main character (Tawfiq), so that the research finally reaches a set of results, the most important of which is that the characters in the novel in question were neither superficial nor an intellectual construction, and this is what led to the formation of the consciousness of each in a different way from the other.
Project management methods application by industrial enterprises in conditions of the economy digitalization
Authors: Nikonorova A. V. , Polkikaev A. A.
Published: October 2021

The methods of project management in the article from the point of view of their applicability for industrial enterprises operating in conditions of economy digitalization have been analysed. One of the options for applying project management methods in industrial enterprises that fulfill the task of the production process informatization has been suggested. The use of project management methods facilitates the adaptation of enterprises to changing environmental conditions caused by active development and implementation of information technologies and society digitalization allows you to identify and make the most complete use of available resources, make effective management decisions, establish interactions between departments that perform various functions. The process of applying project management methods should be carried out with regard to the goal defined by the company’s strategy and to the trends in changing environmental conditions.
Risk management system in Russian design organizations: rationale for implementation
Authors: Postolakiy A. O. , Savin A. V.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the specific features of risk management in Russian design organizations. The advantages of implementing a risk management system in such structures in the short and long term have been shown. A review of the methodological base of project risk management, formed by the efforts of Russian and foreign scientists, has been performed. The article presents typical problem situations caused by the implementation of risks inherent in design organizations that threaten its stable operation. The key reasons for the formation of risk factors have been considered. The negative consequences of passive risk management have been diagnosed. Prerequisites for the deployment of a risk management system in design organizations have been presented. The stages of implementation of the risk management system have been described. It has been concluded about the effectiveness and efficiency of the risk management system in the design organization.
The impact of the digital ruble on the resource base of Russian banks
Authors: Berdyshev A. V.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the economic nature of the new form of Russian money, the issue of which, in addition to the already existing cash and non-cash money, was announced by the Bank of Russia in October 2020. The issues of the influence of the digital ruble on the activities of commercial banks have been investigated. Based on the analysis of the structure of the banking sector’s liabilities to legal entities and individuals, it has been determined that the launch of the digital ruble will provoke an outflow of about 15 % of funds from the current accounts of customers, which, given the use of stable balances on these accounts as a source of financing of income generating assets, will cause the need for banks to increase their interest rates on the credit market.
Practical aspects of forecasting the company’s financial performance
Authors: Kookueva V. V. , Aliev A. A. , Khavich R. I.
Published: October 2021

Financial planning and forecasting are important functions of financial managers, analysts and are important in making management decisions. Long-term growth and strengthening of the company’s position in the market are impossible without high-quality financial planning. Improving the quality of forecasting requires a thorough analysis of the application of various methods and techniques. The article considers the methodological problems of forecasting key financial indicators related to forecasting the final results of the company. The algorithm for creating refined factor predictive models of financial indicators has been presented and tested. Based on the combined application of various economic and mathematical methods, the forecasting method has been improved, which makes it possible to reduce the forecast error, which in turn allows us making more accurate financial decisions.
Diagnostics of social policy challenges in the field of labor relations of Russian mothers having preschool children
Authors: Gizatullina A. V.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the social policy of the state in the field of labor relations of Russian mothers with preschool children and the main challenges faced by mothers in this area. The author of the research paper analyses such problems as female unemployment, occupational segregation, discrimination; issues associated with the functioning of a socially fair system for designed to protect working mothers, problems associated with combining family obligations and raising children with labor activity. The article is based on the results of the author’s sociological study of representatives of this category conducted by the author in the spring of 2020. The suggestions of respondents for solving the problems under consideration are outlined.
Measures to reduce enviromental risk on transport in the regions
Authors: Bychkova A. A.
Published: October 2021

One of the producers of pollution in the natural environment and on natural and anthropogenic objects is transport, which emits harmful vapors when driving on highways. The spread of pollution occurs during the movement of transport along the air and water flow. The article investigates the level of environmental pollution from vehicles in the regions of Russia, reveals the total percentage of emissions from passenger vehicles. The analysis of emissions has been carried out based on data from the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources Management (Rosprirodnadzor) using empirical and mathematical, statistical methods. A brief description of the method of calculation of evaporation from transport has been given. In the course of studies, various groups the total values of emissions for various transport groups in the regions have been identified, environmental zones have been determined. The dynamics of changes on transport over the past three years has been traced. The regions most affected by harmful emissions have been considered, measures to reduce environmental risk have been proposed. The necessity of a national project on ecology and air purification has been substantiated. Environmental problems in transport pose a great threat to the environment, it is impossible to reduce emissions immediately, but if you gradually apply measures to minimize pollution, you can improve the environmental situation in the regions.
Mechanisms for attracting an international contingent of students to Russian universities in relation to the university, regional and federal levels
Authors: Tanina M. A. , Bondarenko V. V. , Yudina V. A. , Leskina O. N.
Published: October 2021

Increasing the export potential of the higher education system is a strategic goal of many developed and developing countries, including Russia. At the same time, attracting foreign students to domestic universities makes it possible to attract foreign intellectual resources, develop international cooperation and diplomacy. During the study, a model of a system for managing the competitiveness of higher education in Russia has been developed, which contributes to attracting an international contingent of students to Russian universities. This system takes into account the influence of global environmental factors and state macro-environment factors. The subject of management in this system is represented by the federal, regional and university levels. For each subject level, methods have been developed to attract an international contingent of students to Russian universities. The object of management in the developed system is the level of competitiveness of higher education in Russia.
Doğu Afrika’da Müslüman Kardeşler ve El-Islah Örneği
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Mehmet
Published: October 2021

1928 yılında Hasan el-Benna tarafından Mısır’da kurulan Müslüman Kardeşler (İhvan-ı Müslimin), kuruluşunun ilk yıllarında daha çok apolitik, dini reform amaçlayan ve sosyal yardımlaşma kuruluşu olarak faaliyet yürütmüştür. 1930’ların sonlarında siyasallaşmaya başlayan Müslüman Kardeşler, kısa sürede kendisine hem ülke içinde hem de ülke dışında çok sayıda taraftar bulmuştur. Müslüman Kardeşler, zaman içinde sadece kuruldukları yer olan Mısır’da değil, Lübnan, Filistin ve Suriye başta olmak üzere dünyanın değişik yerlerinde etkisini hissettiren bir hareket olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, böylesine etkin bir hareketin Doğu Afrika’daki etkilerinin nasıl olduğu ve bu anlamda belirgin bir örnek verilip verilemeyeceğinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmanın ortaya koyduğu bulgulardan başlıcaları; Müslüman Kardeşler hareketinin etkisinin Doğu Afrika’da da hissedildiği ve özellikle Somali’de el-Islah olarak bilinen İslami hareketin Mısır Kardeşleri ile yakın ilişkilerinin bulunduğudur. Bu bulgulara sırasıyla; Müslüman Kardeşlerin ideolojisinin ve yayılım aşamalarının incelenmesiyle, Müslüman Kardeşlerin Doğu Afrika’da nasıl bir etki bıraktığının araştırılmasıyla ve Somali üzerine yapılan özel bir örnek incelemede el-Islah’ın yapısının ve Mısırlı Kardeşlerle ilişkisinin ortaya çıkartılmasıyla ulaşılmıştır.
Dengeleme Aracılığıyla Güç Dengesi Oluşturma: İran’ın Irak Kürtleri ile İlişkileri (2011-2018)
Authors: ÖZKAN Muhammet Fatih , BABA Gürol
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmada, Arap Baharı sonrasında Irak Kürt bölgesinde yaşanan gelişmeler bağlamında, İran’ın Bağdat’la Erbil arasındaki güç dengesini koruma çabaları analiz edilmektedir. İran’ın söz konusu güç dengesini sağlamaya yönelik stratejileri bu kavramın bir alt unsuru olan dengeleme yöntemlerinin varsayımlarıyla önemli benzerlikler göstermektedir. Öte yandan, devletleri dengeleme davranışına başvurmaya motive eden faktörlerle, İran’ı Irak’ta dengeleme yönünde bir strateji benimsemeye sevk eden koşullar arasında da benzerlikler görülmektedir. Güç dengesine dair tanımlardan hareketle bu kavramın bir dış politika stratejisi olarak da kullanılabileceği hipotezine dayanılarak bu çalışmada, İran’ın Irak Kürtleriyle ilişkilerinin dengeleme aracılığıyla güç dengesini sağlama önermesi üzerinden açıklanabileceği iddia edilmektedir. Bu iddiayı somutlaştırmak adına çalışma, yöntem olarak 2011 sonrasında yaşanan bazı siyasi gelişmeleri örnek olay incelemeleri olarak ele almaktadır. Bunların başında Arap Baharı’nın etkilerinin Irak Kürt bölgesinde görülmesi sonrasında Kürt partiler arasında ortaya çıkan rekabet durumu gelmektedir. Bir diğer önemli mesele, DAEŞ terör örgütünün Kürt bölgelerine saldırması ve son olarak Eylül 2017’de Irak’ın kuzeyinde bir bağımsızlık referandumunun gerçekleştirilmesidir. Özetle, bu çalışmada tüm bu gelişmeler sırasında benimsenen İran dış politikası, devletlerin dengeleme motivasyonları ve stratejileri bağlamında analiz edilmektedir.
Geoecological Assessment of the State of Coastal Waters and Bottom Sediments of the Lake Baikal and Its Tributaries (West Coast)
Authors:   V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Yanchuk M. S.
Published: October 2021

This article presents the results of assessing the quality of coastal waters of the western coast of Lake Baikal and the rivers flowing into it (Kuchulga, Khorga, Sarma, Kurma). To assess the state of coastal waters, the following parameters were determined: the hydrogen index, the content of nitrogen-containing substances, phosphates, petroleum products, and heavy metals. Concentrations of heavy metals were found in the bottom sediments. The research was conducted in the summer period of 2016–2017. The lake shore under consideration is experiencing a high anthropogenic load due to the residential and recreational facilities located there. As a result of the study, it was found that, for most of the considered parameters, the water of the lake and its tributaries meet the established sanitary and hygienic standards. The excess of the MPC of the fishery in terms of the content of copper and lead in the water of the lake and its tributaries was determined. On the basis of the obtained data, a map-scheme of the distribution of nitrogen-containing substances in the study area was constructed. The concentrations of metals in the bottom sediments are also set at the level allowed by sanitary standards. There was a slight excess of the background values for the cobalt content in the samples of bottom sediments taken from the coastal waters of the lake and the Sarma River. To assess the degree of contamination of surface waters with heavy metals, the pollution coefficient for the sediment bottom was calculated, according to which the water bodies under consideration have a low degree of HM contamination.
Development of the Territorial System of Higher and Secondary Vocational Education of the Irkutsk Region
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Zelenyuk Yu. M. , Salatin S. A. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: October 2021

The article reveals the features of the spatial development of the system of higher and secondary vocational education in the Irkutsk region. Two key stages are analyzed: the Soviet one, which formed the main frame of the territorial structure of vocational education, and the modern one, which saw periods of both the rapid growth of the number of higher educational institutions and the optimization of the higher education network. The results of the study show that the spatial development of the systems of higher and secondary vocational education in recent years in the Irkutsk region is multi-directional: centripetal movement in the top-level subsystem, due to the reduction in the network of branches in municipal centers, and the gradual dispersal of the network of secondary education institutions at the expense of agricultural and industrial regions of the region. A comparative analysis of the trends in the development of vocational education in the Irkutsk region with the national and situation in other regions allows us to note that in the higher education system they are almost identical, since they occur as a result of structural and institutional transformations at the state level. For the Irkutsk region, as well as other regions of Russia with a predominantly industrial type of economy, growth trends are characteristic, caused by the needs of the market.
The Methodology of Mapping the Transformation of Geosystems
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Konovalova T. I. ,   V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS
Published: October 2021

Mapping of geosystems attracts attention as a concise way to organize a significant amount of geographical information. Initially, the development of theoretical provisions and the compilation of geosystem maps were based on geobotanical principles and methods of integrating facies according to structural and structural-dynamic indicators. At the present stage, the task of mapping geosystems is largely determined by the need for predictive studies of their natural and anthropogenic transformations. The relevance of the development of geosystem mapping in the direction described here is determined by the need to create medium-scale maps of the transformation of geosystems, which are characterized by significant spatial and temporal scales, heterogeneous genesis, various stages of development. The creation of such maps requires the synthesis of time and space in a single whole, the comparison of the current state of the geosystem with the natural rhythms and laws of the development of the natural environment. The mapping methodology is based on the modern idea of the transformation of geosystems and the further development of the theory of geosystems by V. B. Sochava, includes techniques for displaying patterns of development and transformation of geosystem structures. Maps of the transformation of geosystems are a theoretical model of reality, synthesize information about the transformative dynamics and evolution of geosystems, the direction of their rearrangements,both in natural and anthropogenic conditions. The article presents a scheme of transformation of geosystems and methods of its mapping.
Particularities of Vertical Displacements Along the Delta Fault During the 1862 Tsagan Earthquake on Lake Baikal
Authors:   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, Lunina O. V. , Denisenko I. A. ,   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, Gladkov A. A. ,   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS
Published: October 2021

Based on the ground penetrating radar, geological and morphostructural data, the particularities of single-event vertical displacements in Holocene sediments of various competencies along the land and underwater segments of the Delta fault activated on January 12, 1862 during the M ~ 7.5 Tsagan earthquake (southeastern side of the Baikal rift.). It is shown that the slip determined from the scarp morphology and the position of the main rupture in the section reflects the total displacement value, which is the sum of the brittle and plastic deformational components. The presence of water-saturated poorly consolidated sediments in the geological section increases the contribution of the plastic component. In this case, the width of the rupture zone increases. Despite the fact that the northeastern segment of the Delta Fault was submerged in the water of Proval Bay, the largest seismotectonic displacements occurred between the villages of Kudara and Sherashevo and on the outskirts of the village Dubinino in the land southwestern part of the structure, where the total displacement was 9,59 and 9,28 m, respectively. No such depths were recorded in Proval Bay after the earthquake. Along the Delta Fault under water, seismotectonic displacements were relatively small with a rather significant contribution of the plastic component from 26 to 53 %. This slip was a trigger for the seismic- gravity subsidence of the bay and sediment compaction, which continues to this day, judging by its almost unchanged depth since 1862 and the proximity of numerous seismic events, including the last Мs = 5.4 09.12.2020 earthquake happened on December 9, 2020 and strongly felt in Irkutsk.
Internal audit in the period of economic changes and its role in evaluation of the entity’s internal control. Theoretical characteristics and practical approaches
Authors: Dolghi Cristina Vasile , Petreanu Elena Gheorghe
Published: October 2021

Internal control delivers guarantee and trust for investors, clients, suppliers, but also for the entity’s employees and other interested parties. As a result, an effective internal control system has a significant impact on the credibility of a modern entity and its activities, which is ensured by the entity’s management, through an appropriate process of evaluating the effectiveness of internal control. On the basis of those exposed, we sustain the opinion shared by many experts in the field, that the primary role in evaluating the internal control system is attributed to internal audit, because in line with current development trends, it supports the entity in maintaining effective controls by evaluating efficiency and effectiveness. As well as by promoting biased business actions. In this connection, the authors approach the study of the basic aspects of the internal control evaluation process in the light of the identification of the method, establishing and interpreting the indicators used in the evaluation, as well as determining the criteria and practical tools for evaluation. As a method of evaluation of internal control the systematic method of authors is proposed, which involves the evaluation of each component of it. This approach permits internal auditors to make an integrated consideration of the effectiveness of internal control in the entity of the internal control system in the good functioning of the entity, which contributes to the fulfillment of its strategic objectives. In addition, the research carried out highlights the performance of the assessment tool – the corresponding questionnaire, which was developed to evaluate the control environment of the entity and applied in the activity of public interest entities in the Republic of Moldova. This study offers the possibility to recognize the deficiencies within the control environment established at the entity and offers the possibility to the management of the entity to improve its functioning mechanism.
Changing approaches to the quality of accounting information: a historical aspect
Authors: Bezruchuk S.L.
Published: October 2021

The one of the main factors in ensuring the effectiveness of the management system of economic activity of the enterprise is information support. For the management staff, the priority is to improve the quality of the accounting system, which directly affects the formation of information support of the management system. Until recently, it was believed that all changes in accounting were due to globalization processes, increasing attention to environmental security, social responsibility, corporate governance. Historically, legal systems, political and economic differences have created a huge variety of accounting systems, which makes it difficult to make meaningful comparisons of financial statements in different countries. But, despite this, historically, approaches to disclosing the quality of accounting information have developed in a single vector that depended on the purpose of accounting, because it is obvious and logical that the development of accounting contributed to progress, stability, the need to meet social needs. In this regard, the periodization of accounting development is important. It allows us to trace historical logic, to approach the realization of the progress of changing epochs. The article proposes a new vector of approaches to the historical vision of periodization of accounting development in terms of determining its quality or qualitative characteristics.
Public procurement in Ukraine: analysis of advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Lahovska O.A. , Lehenchuk S.F. , Svirko S.V.
Published: October 2021

Public procurement is a complex process. With the help of public procurement, governments and government agencies purchase products, services, work, creating expenditures of the state budget and taxpayers. The purpose of implementing the e-procurement system was to reduce these costs and overcome the corruption component in this area. However, there are still many issues related to the inefficiency of certain components of this system. It is determined that domestic scientists identify a narrow range of benefits of the public procurement system, which is reduced to overcoming corruption and saving budget funds. The domestic scientists identify a narrow range of benefits from the use of public procurement. This is overcoming corruption and saving budget funds. In contrast, the foreign scientists see the public procurement system as an effective tool for sustainable development, innovation. The article analyzes the shortcomings and weaknesses of public procurement at each stage of their implementation, which allows identifying the main areas of improvement of the public procurement system, and summarizes the main advantages.