bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redescriptions of three trachelocercid ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora, Karyorelictea), with notes on their phylogeny based on small subunit rRNA gene sequences
Authors: Yan Ying , Xu Yuan , Yi Zhenzhen , Warren Alan
Published: July 2013

Three trachelocercid ciliates,Kovalevaia sulcata(Kovaleva, 1966) Foissner, 1997,Trachelocerca sagitta(Müller, 1786) Ehrenberg, 1840 andTrachelocerca ditis(Wright, 1982) Foissner, 1996, isolated from two coastal habitats at Qingdao, China, were investigated using live observation and silver impregnation methods. Data on their infraciliature and morphology are supplied. The small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) genes ofK. sulcataandTrachelocerca sagittawere sequenced for the first time. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data indicate that both organisms, and the previously sequencedTrachelocerca ditis, are located within the trachelocercid assemblage and thatK. sulcatais sister to an unidentified taxon forming a clade that is basal to the core trachelocercids.
A novel cadmium(II) coordination polymer containing two kinds of independent one-dimensional chain
Authors: Liao Wei-Qiang , Zhang Yi
Published: July 2013

The structure of the title compound,catena-poly[[cadmium(II)-di-μ-chlorido-μ-(1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylato)] [[aquachloridocadmium(II)]-di-μ-chlorido] dihydrate], {[Cd(C8H15N2O2)Cl2][CdCl3(H2O)]·2H2O}n, contains two kinds of independent one-dimensional chain,viz.{[Cd(C8H15N2O2)Cl2]+}nand {[CdCl3(H2O)]−}n, and uncoordinated water molecules. Each CdIIcation in the {[Cd(C8H15N2O2)Cl2]+}nchain is octahedrally coordinated by two pairs of bridging chloride ligands and two O atoms from different bridging carboxylate groups. CdIIcations in the {[CdCl3(H2O)]−}nchain are also octahedrally surrounded by four bridging chloride ligands, one terminal chloride ligand and one coordinated water molecule. Hydrogen bonds between solvent water molecules and these two independent chains generate a three-dimensional framework containing two-dimensional zigzag layers.
A new polymorph of bis(2-aminopyridinium) fumarate–fumaric acid (1/1) from powder X-ray diffraction
Authors: Dong Shuichao , Tao Yaqiu , Shen Xiaodong , Pan Zhigang
Published: July 2013

A new polymorph of bis(2-aminopyridinium) fumarate–fumaric acid (1/1), 2C5H7N2+·C4H2O42−·C4H4O4, was obtained and its crystal structure determined by powder X-ray diffraction. The new polymorph (form II) crystallizes in the triclinic system (space groupP\overline{1}), while the previous reported polymorph [form I; Ballabh, Trivedi, Dastidar & Suresh (2002).CrystEngComm,4, 135–142; Büyükgüngör, Odabaşoğlu, Albayrak & Lönnecke (2004).Acta Cryst.C60, o470–o472] is monoclinic (space groupP21/c). In both forms I and II, the asymmetric unit consists of one 2-aminopyridinium cation, half a fumaric acid molecule and half a fumarate dianion. The fumarate dianion is involved in hydrogen bonding with two neighbouring 2-aminopyridinium cations to form a hydrogen-bonded trimer in both forms. In form II, the hydrogen-bonded trimers are interlinked across centres of inversionviapairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds, whereas such trimers are joinedviasingle N—H...O hydrogen bonds in form I, leading to different packing modes for forms I and II. The results demonstrate the relevance and application of the powder diffraction method in the study of polymorphism of organic molecular materials.
Two methyl 3-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1-carboxylates form different hydrogen-bonded sheets
Authors: Quiroga Jairo , Gálvez Jaime , Cobo Justo , Glidewell Christopher
Published: July 2013

In the molecules of both methyl (1RS,3SR,3aRS,6aSR)-1-methyl-3-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4,6-dioxo-5-phenyloctahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1-carboxylate, C25H24N4O4, (I), and methyl (1RS,3SR,3aRS,6aSR)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-3-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4,6-dioxooctahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1-carboxylate, C25H23ClN4O4, (II), the two rings of the pyrrolopyrrole fragment are both nonplanar, with conformations close to half-chair forms. The overall conformations of the molecules of (I) and (II) are very similar, apart from the orientation of the ester function. The molecules of (I) are linked into sheets by a combination of an N—H...π(pyrrole) hydrogen bond and three independent C—H...O hydrogen bonds. The molecules of (II) are also linked into sheets, which are generated by a combination of an N—H...N hydrogen bond and two independent C—H...O hydrogen bonds, weakly augmented by a C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bond.
N—H...O, O—H...O hydrogen-bonded supramolecular sheet formation in the bis(2-aminoanilinium) fumarate, 3-methylanilinium hydrogen fumarate and 4-chloroanilinium hydrogen fumarate salts
Authors: Sathya D. , Jagan R. , Padmavathy R. , Kumar R. Mohan , Sivakumar K.
Published: July 2013

In bis(2-aminoanilinum) fumarate, 2C6H9N2+·C4H2O42−, (I), the asymmetric unit consists of two aminoanilinium cations and one fumarate dianion, whereas in 3-methylanilinium hydrogen fumarate, C7H10N+·C4H3O4−, (II), and 4-chloroanilinium hydrogen fumarate, C6H7ClN+·C4H3O4−, (III), the asymmetric unit contains two symmetry-independent hydrogen fumate anions and anilinium cations with a slight difference in their geometric parameters; the two salts are isostructural. In (II) and (III), the carboxylic acid H atoms of the anions are disordered across both ends of the anion, with equal site occupancies of 0.50. Both the 4-chloroanilinium cations of (III) are disordered over two orientations with major occupancies fixed at 0.60 in each case. The hydrogen fumarate anions of (II) and (III) form one-dimensional anionic chains linked through O—H...O hydrogen bonds. Salts (II) and (III) form two-dimensional supramolecular sheets built fromR44(16),R44(18),R55(25) andC22(14) motifs extending parallel to the (010) plane, whereas in (I), an (010) sheet is formed built from twoR43(13) motifs, twoR22(9) motifs and anR44(18) motif.
N-tert-Butyl-N′-[5-cyano-2-(4-methylphenoxy)phenylsulfonyl]urea, a new TXA2receptor antagonist
Authors: Bambi-Nyanguile Sylvie-Mireille , Mangwala Kimpende Peter , Pirotte Bernard , Van Meervelt Luc
Published: July 2013

The title compound, C19H21N3O4S, crystallizes in the space groupP2/cwith two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The conformation of both molecules is very similar and is mainly determined by an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond between a urea N atom and a sulfonyl O atom. The O and second N atom of the urea groups are involved in dimer formationviaN—H...O hydrogen bonds. The intramolecular hydrogen-bonding motif and conformation of the C—SO2—NH(C=O)—NH—C fragment are explored and compared using the Cambridge Structural Database and theoretical calculations. The crystal packing is characterized by π–π stacking between the 5-cyanobenzene rings.
catena-Poly[bis(μ-2,2′-bipyridin-6-olato)-κ3N,N′:O;O:N,N′-dicopper(I,II) [[tetrafluoridoniobium(V)]-μ-oxido]]
Authors: Zhong Zhi-Guo , Feng Yu-Quan , Zhang Ping
Published: July 2013

A novel copper–niobium oxyfluoride, {[Cu2(C10H7N2O)2][NbOF4]}n, has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method and characterized by elemental analysis, EDS, IR, XPS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structural unit consists of oneC2-symmetric [NbOF4]−anion and one centrosymmetric coordinated [Cu2(obpy)2]+cation (obpy is 2,2′-bipyridin-6-olate). In the [NbOF4]−anion, each NbVmetal centre is five-coordinated by four F atoms and one O atom in the first coordination shell, forming a square-pyramidal coordination geometry. These square pyramids are then further connected to each othervia transO atoms [Nb—O = 2.187 (3) Å], forming an infinite linear {[NbOF4]−}npolyanion. In the coordinated [Cu2(obpy)2]+cation, the oxidation state of each Cu site is disordered, which is confirmed by the XPS results. The disordered Cu sites are coordinated by two N atoms and one O atom from two different obpy ligands. The [NbOF4]−and [Cu2(obpy)2]+units are assembledviaweak C—H...F hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of a three-dimensional supramolecular structure. π–π stacking interactions between the pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.610 (2) Å] may further stabilize the crystal structure.
Characteristics of X-ray attenuation in electrospun bismuth oxide/polylactic acid nanofibre mats
Authors: Noor Azman Nurul Z. , Siddiqui Salim A. , Haroosh Hazim J. , Albetran Hani M. M. , Johannessen Bernt , Dong Yu , Low It M.
Published: July 2013

The characteristics of the X-ray attenuation in electrospun nano(n)- and micro(m)-Bi2O3/polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibre mats with different Bi2O3loadings were compared as a function of energy using mammography (i.e.tube voltages of 22–49 kV) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) (7–20 keV). Results indicate that X-ray attenuation by electrospun n-Bi2O3/PLA nanofibre mats is distinctly higher than that of m-Bi2O3/PLA nanofibre mats at all energies investigated. In addition, with increasing filler loading (n-Bi2O3or m-Bi2O3), the porosity of the nanofibre mats decreased, thus increasing the X-ray attenuation, except for the sample containing 38 wt% Bi2O3(the highest loading in the present study). The latter showed higher porosity, with some beads formed, thus resulting in a sudden decrease in the X-ray attenuation.
Indoor autonomous flight of ornithopter using motion capture system
Authors: Kim Ho‐Young , Lee Jun‐Seong , Han Jae‐Hung
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to perform an indoor autonomous flight of ornithopter using a novel motion capture system.

Design/methodology/approach

The ornithopter platform has no on‐board sensors and processors for state estimation or feedback control. Instead, passive markers on the ornithopter body reflect IR light of the multiple strobing CCD cameras, and the position data of the markers are streamed to the ground station in almost real time. Control inputs such as wingbeat frequency and rudder angle are generated by the proportional feedback controllers which are implemented in the ground station and transmitted to the ornithopter. Due to the complexity and nonlinearity of aerodynamics and flexible multibody dynamics, the flight dynamics of ornithopter are difficult to realize in the closed form of state‐space system equations. A controller for stabilizing the flight state variables of ornithopter is not necessary to be implemented by means of flapping counter‐forces and torques which make ornithopter have inherent flight stability. The gains of controllers for following circular trajectories are obtained by a trial‐and‐error approach rather than a model‐based design.

Findings

The autonomous ornithopter successfully circulates the pre‐described radius with the constant altitude and the result shows that control strategies proposed in this study are sufficient to implement the autonomy of ornithopter flight.

Originality/value

The autonomous flight of ornithopter is firstly conducted in a confined indoor environment by using the motion capture system and the control performance is evaluated in terms of position errors.
Optimal control and line‐of‐sight guidance formation flight
Authors: Sadraey Mohammad H.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design an integrated guidance and control design for a formation flight of four unmanned aerial vehicles to follow a moving ground target.

Design/methodology/approach

The guidance law is based on the line‐of‐sight. The control is optimal. The guidance law is integrated with the optimal control law and is applied to a linear dynamic model.

Findings

The theoretical results are supported by the numerical simulations that illustrate a coordinated encirclement of a ground maneuvering target.

Research limitations/implications

A linear dynamic UAV model and a liner engine model were employed.

Practical implications

This is expected to provide efficient coordination technique required in many civilian circular formation UAV applications; also the technique can be used to provide a safe environment required for the civil applications.

Social implications

The research will facilitate the deployment of autonomous unmanned aircraft systems in various civilian applications such as border monitoring.

Originality/value

The research addresses the challenges of coordination of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles in a circular formation using an integrated optimal control technique with line‐of‐sight guidance.
Students' perceptions on environmental management of HEIs and the role of social capital
Authors: Jones Nikoleta , Roumeliotis Spiridon , Iosifides Theodoros , Hatziantoniou Maria , Sfakianaki Eleni , Tsigianni Eleni , Thivaiou Kalliopi , Biliraki Athina , Evaggelinos Kostas
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The aim of the present study is to contribute to the discussion introducing the concept of social capital as a significant parameter influencing students' perceptions concerning greening initiatives in HEIs.

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical analysis is presented concerning the possible links of social capital components with students' perceptions on environmental management initiatives. Furthermore, the results of an empirical study are presented exploring these issues from the perspective of students, both through quantitative and qualitative social research methods.

Findings

The empirical study reveals that students' social capital is connected with their perceptions for the environmental management of the university.

Social implications

The paper underlines the importance of examining and taking into consideration social factors prior to the implementation of environmental management initiatives in HEIs, in order to increase their effectiveness.

Originality/value

The paper is a first attempt to empirically explore the influence of students' social capital on their perceptions for environmental management initiatives in higher education institutions.
Implementation of alternative transport networks in university campuses
Authors: Pitsiava‐Latinopoulou Magda , Basbas Socrates , Gavanas Nikolaos
Published: July 2013

Purpose

In order to alleviate the impacts of traffic congestion that undermine the mobility and accessibility conditions of the Aristotle University campus, the paper aims at the presentation and description of a complementary network of alternative modes (i.e. pedestrian and bicycle) and the discussion of the appropriate measures for its successful implementation in the campus.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodological approach of the paper is twofold: the overview of good practices for implementing cycling and pedestrian networks in European university campuses in an attempt to identify an integrated activity framework compatible to the European approach; and a questionnaire survey for the assessment of the modal split for trips towards and from the campus and the current mobility and accessibility conditions for pedestrians and cyclists in the Aristotle University campus.

Findings

The successful implementation of alternative transport networks in university campuses depends on the specific features of each campus in relation to the urban transport network and the commuting characteristics of staff and students. In the case of the Aristotle University campus, the modal split shows that 2/3 of campus‐related trips are conducted by motorised transport while the share of bicycle use is very low. In order to promote cycling and walking in the campus, a combined approach must be adopted based on five fields of activity: policy; research; design; support and promotion; and monitoring.

Research limitations/implications

The paper derives from the research initiatives of the Aristotle University's Sustainable Mobility Committee, which was founded in order to promote sustainable solutions for the campus's transport system.

Originality/value

The paper provides a common and integrated activity framework for the implementation of an alternative transport network in a university campus based on the extensive overview of European experience. Furthermore, it develops for the first time a full proposal for the implementation of a pedestrian and bicycle network in the Aristotle University campus, which is one of the oldest and largest campuses in Greece.
Mapping the terrain of educational leadership and management in East Asia
Authors: Hallinger Philip , Bryant Darren
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to gain perspective on the extent to which the vision for knowledge production in East Asia set forth by Bajunid, Cheng, Hallinger, Walker, Dimmock and others almost 20 years ago has been fulfilled. The authors undertook an effort to map the terrain of knowledge production in educational leadership and management in East Asia since the year 2000. Their method of mapping this terrain involves the analysis of trends in publication of articles about and/or from East Asia in eight core educational leadership and management journals.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors’ methodology employed a descriptive, quantitative form of literature review. They identified a clearly delimited body of literature, comprised of all articles published about or from East Asia between 2000 and 2011 in eight core educational leadership and management journals. Then they employed a systematic search for information within that literature and analyzed trends across the studies. This allowed them to map the terrain of recent research on educational leadership and management within East Asia.

Findings

The volume of knowledge production from East Asia between 2000 and 2011 consisted of less than 6 per cent of total output in the relevant journals. Although there was a discernible increase in the annual rate of publication over the course of the 12‐year period, the authors treat the increase as relatively unimportant given the small volume. A substantial majority of the publications not only came from a few societies, but from a small number of universities. Citation analyses were highly consistent with all of the above trends, and reinforced a picture of limited impact.

Research limitations/implications

The authors’ study focused on a clearly delimited region, East Asia. Although they believe that the study may have implications for other regions of the developing world, they do not speculate on the extent of relevance. The authors intentionally limited their definition of the corpus of knowledge to a specific set of international refereed journals that are published in English. This ignores the potential contributions of conference papers, books, book chapters, research handbooks, domestic journals, and even other international journals in which educational leadership scholars publish.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, there have been no efforts undertaken to understand the nature of knowledge production in educational leadership and management in East Asia. When approaching this review in 2012, the authors were not under the illusion that the regional knowledge base would be either overly dense in terms of the concentration of studies within particular areas or broad in scope. However, future scholarship may be aided by this systematic assessment of the current knowledge base on educational leadership in the region.
Are a culture of trust and morality associated with paying and repaying behavior?
Authors: Tammi Timo
Published: July 2013

Purpose

Paying and repaying behavior are financial functions of great interest to private financial actors and public regulators, as also to academic researchers. The purpose of the paper is to empirically analyse paying and repaying behavior by combining theoretical insights from an emerging field in economics known as “culture and finance” with ideas from the economic analysis of social capital and trust in the context of different regulatory systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The present paper investigates with the help of panel data whether a culture of social trust and the scope of morality have an influence on paying and repaying behavior in different European and OECD countries.

Findings

The analysis shows that culture has an effect on firms' credit losses from the customers' payment defaults, on the overall riskiness of paying behavior and on the level of non‐performing bank loans. Also the complexity of law‐based regulation has an influence on paying and repaying behavior. The analysis also shows that high trust and morality are associated with less complex regulation and vice versa.

Practical implications

The results help private financial actors, regulators and public policy makers to design more appropriate behavioral environments for paying and repaying.

Originality/value

The paper provides the first analysis of an important issue and it serves both practical interest and further research on the topic.
Knowledge and the political economy of TARP
Authors: Hoffman Michael E.S.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to establish the consensus about the tremendous economic success of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) and explore theories of popular disapproval of TARP.

Design/methodology/approach

The analytical approach in this paper is a multivariate survey logit based on two Pew Research Center surveys that include questions on knowledge of and views on TARP. One survey is used to estimate a knowledge index of TARP that is applied to another survey to estimate the impact of knowledge on opinions of TARP.

Findings

The author finds that knowledge of TARP is dependent in particular on education, party affiliation, and sex. Controlling for partisan effects, views on TARP's effectiveness are distorted by limited knowledge of TARP in magnitudes that are politically significant.

Practical implications

Despite the severity and dramatic spillovers associated with banking crises, decisive interventions may prove difficult to defend in retrospect in light of ignorance and an inability to conceptualize the nature of the counterfactual.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to our understanding of the political economy of an important and controversial economic policy, in particular the roles of ideology and knowledge in accounting for public opposition to TARP. TARP is largely misunderstood. The author estimates a model of TARP knowledge based on this misconception, and shows that education, party affiliation/leaning, and sex are important predictors of TARP knowledge. By applying this model of TARP knowledge to a separate survey dataset, the author demonstrates that knowledge of TARP (along with political ideology) is an important predictor of support for TARP. By integrating two different surveys, he is able to better identify the role played by knowledge of TARP, rather than simply demographic characteristics.
Price sequences, perceived variability, and choice
Authors: Dolansky Eric , Vandenbosch Mark
Published: July 2013

Purpose

– Sequences of prices are becoming more commonplace but there is limited research on their behavioral effects. The purpose of this paper is to determine if a sequence of past prices, and particularly its variance, has a strong effect on choice. Will people pay significantly more for a seller who has a more predictable history of past prices?

Design/methodology/approach

– Past theory is drawn upon to create predictions regarding how individuals will perceive and value past sequences of prices. One experimental study is conducted to test preference and choice based on past price sequences.

Findings

– Individuals more frequently choose a vendor with past prices that fall into a predictable pattern, even when doing so results in higher future prices to be paid.

Originality/value

– This paper not only tests notions that have anecdotal support (e.g. preference for fixed vs floating interest rates, despite the higher cost of doing so), but also demonstrates that a person
'
s distaste for perceived variability is sufficiently strong so as to result in a willingness to pay 40 percent more for this predictability.
Entrepreneurial education: meeting needs better
Authors: McAuley Andrew
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to offer a perspective on the economic performance of small to medium‐sized enterprises' (SMEs') innovation and education in the context of entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

A wide ranging narrative supported by examples.

Findings

There is still plenty of opportunity for innovation in entrepreneurship education.

Research limitation/implications

There is real and timely opportunity to follow a research agenda in this area which would be of significant benefit to public policy.

Practical implications

Building pathways to entrepreneurial effectiveness is a challenge but could lead to effective public policy.

Social implications

Economic activity cannot be undertaken in isolation from the cultural context. Entrepreneurship is a force for social change.

Originality/value

The discussion offers a personal viewpoint and poses questions.
On the integration of European capital markets
Authors: Alexakis Panayotis , Vasila Anna
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The paper aims to investigate European equity market integration by analyzing volatility spillover effects between selected indices of high liquidity from the major regulated European equity markets.

Design/methodology/approach

In undertaking the empirical analysis, data for major European stock market indices were utilised. The conditional variance of the VAR‐GARCH model for each pair of indices is examined.

Findings

The results provide evidence on strong EU equity market integration. The findings in general suggest a high degree of European equity market interconnection. This situation is depicted through strong effects from one European equity market to the other, as well as through significant feedback effects between them.

Originality/value

The high level of interconnection found among the EU stock markets exerts significant influence on the efficient operation of each market and on asset and index pricing, which has therefore to be taken into account by investors and traders as market prices are set in common.
Analysis of cross‐border and domestic mega‐M&As of European commercial banks
Authors: Nnadi Matthias , Tanna Sailesh
Published: July 2013

Purpose

This paper aims to examine value gains to acquirers in large commercial bank mega‐mergers (with transaction values over £1 billion) that occurred in the European Union during the period 1997‐2007, distinguishing between domestic and cross‐border transactions.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a sample of 62 bank mega‐mergers, an event study methodology is employed using a market model to determine cumulative standardised abnormal returns (CSAR) to acquiring banks around the announcement date of merger deals. This is followed by cross‐sectional regression to determine specific characteristics driving acquirers' CSAR.

Findings

Cross‐border bank mergers have been more frequent in recent years, reflecting a growing trend of banking sector consolidation in the EU. However, such mergers are found to yield significant negative announcement period acquirer returns, while domestic deals have marginally negative but insignificant returns. The operational cost efficiency and capital strength of acquiring banks are found to be significant in influencing excess returns.

Research limitations/implications

Constraints on data availability limited the scope for sensitivity analysis and incorporation of target characteristics in the cross‐sectional regression of drivers affecting acquirers' CSAR. Further research is aimed to address these issues.

Practical implications

Event study and regression results indicate that potential downside risks are judged by market participants to outweigh the benefits from cross‐border M&As in the retail banking market despite evidence of increased financial sector consolidation in the EU.

Originality/value

The study reflects the recent period of increased cross‐border banking consolidation in the EU and reveals findings that differ in some respects from previous studies on EU bank M&As.
How bureaucracy and corruption affect economic growth and convergence in the European Union
Authors: Papaconstantinou Panagiota , Tsagkanos Athanasios G. , Siriopoulos Costas
Published: July 2013

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the impact of corruption and bureaucracy on economic growth in Greece as measured by the growth rate of per capita GDP. Also, using the mean per capita GDP of the EU as a benchmark, it seeks to investigate the convergence timing of Greece with the EU.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical approach taken is based on beta convergence theory.

Findings

The results confirm the negative impact of bureaucracy and corruption on economic growth. However, the corruption exerts a more significant influence on growth than bureaucracy. Also, the timing of convergence of Greece with the EU is found to be 37 years.

Originality/value

The robustness of these results is based on the use of a relatively new econometric method which is the Markov conditional bootstrap.
Peter Drucker and the academy
Authors: Wartzman Rick
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the influence of Peter Drucker's ideas in the academy.

Design/methodology/approach

The author presents a profile of Peter Drucker, discussing his ideas and his relationship with the scholarly community.

Findings

Peter Drucker was not particularly fond of the academic world and served in a non‐traditional role in the academy. Yet his prolific writing and methodological rigor has impacted generations of scholars and practicing managers. His work constantly looked to the future, identified crucial emerging trends that would affect management, thought and worked in a trans‐disciplinary fashion, and focused on practical implications that would make a difference.

Research limitations/implications

The paper suggests new approaches to consider, to enhance academic engagement with practice.

Originality/value

This paper points out the significant contributions that Peter Drucker made to management thinking and research.
A systems thinking review for solving short‐termism
Authors: Fusso Nicholas
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review proposed methods to reduce corporate short‐termism – a private sector obsession with short‐term profit and a neglect of true long‐term value creation – via a systems thinking analytical framework.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper identifies five often cited causes of corporate short‐termism directly affecting managers, including: pressure from Wall Street; ill‐aligned executive compensation; arrested executive capabilities; weak corporate governance; and ill‐aligned regulatory policy. It then compares those issues to generic system archetypes, and evaluates proposed solutions by contrasting them with typical solutions relating to specific archetypes.

Findings

This study suggests a majority of the solutions are well proposed and identifies strong leverage points where managers may intervene. It also finds that several proposed solutions are susceptible to complications, especially those relating to executive compensation, board empowerment, and regulatory structures. It also notes several additional points of leverage not yet fully explored, especially relating to deterring shareholder pressure and executive compensation structures. Finally, it suggests too little attention is being given toward a culture supportive of short‐termism, and argues that emphasizing solutions that engage stakeholders is important for sustained success.

Practical implications

For managers seeking to reduce corporate short‐termism, this paper suggests several key levers that may be used to intervene within their environment.

Originality/value

Few works have tested system‐wide solutions to corporate short‐termism using a system thinking foundation. This original work fills that unmet need.
Practical wisdom: reinventing organizations by rediscovering ourselves
Authors: Hurst David K.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to present a provocative view of what Peter Drucker would be writing about today in his self‐described role as a social ecologist.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses Drucker's qualitative framework to ask what changes that contravene conventional wisdom have already happened, whether they are relevant and meaningful and what opportunities they present.

Findings

The paper suggest that the concepts of ecological rationality and embodied cognition form the basis for a new framework to challenge the hegemony of the existing concepts of rationality based on frameworks drawn from neoclassical economics.

Practical implications

The primary implication is that an ecological framework of “both … and” is needed to embrace and contain the “either/or” of economics. This will sweep the liberal and fine arts back into management, render the concept and role of power in organizations discussable and place ethics, prudence and judgement at the centre of the management challenge.

Originality/value

The paper presents a provocative perspective that, if valid, with be extremely disruptive of the current Western management paradigm.
Tracing the lifecycle of Canadian criminal records
Authors: Kilgour Lauren
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it explains the current records management practices for Canadian criminal records. Second, it details the larger social and cultural implications of those practices, toward considering the role records management plays in long‐term sustainable offender rehabilitation outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on a thorough literature review, which considered research on the history of Canadian criminal record management; current records management procedures for Canadian criminal records; and current Canadian social and cultural understandings of offenders, criminal records, and the relationship between criminal record management and public policy.

Findings

This paper finds that Canadian records management procedures for criminal records can have grave impacts on offenders' lives. Specifically, this paper explores how records management practices are shaped by the social norms and values embedded in public policy mandates, which ultimately appear to disrupt, rather than support, offenders' rehabilitation.

Research limitations/implications

This paper's research is limited by its current approach. Consequently, it encourages researchers to further develop its findings in the future, both domestic to Canada and internationally.

Practical implications

This paper includes implications that advocate for increased awareness about how public policy dictated records management procedures can limit offenders' ability to reintegrate into society.

Social implications

This paper addresses the grave social consequences and burdens offenders face when they are unable to seal their previous criminal record.

Originality/value

This paper addresses the need to study how offenders' rehabilitation is affected by the policy dictating the management of their criminal record.
Factors impacting information governance in the mobile device dual‐use context
Authors: Silic Mario , Back Andrea
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to reveal factors that impact information governance within the mobile technology implementation in organizations in the dual‐use context.

Design/methodology/approach

Case study methodology was used and 15 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with records and information management (RIM) and information security professionals from different types of organizations.

Findings

There are three main findings. First, stakeholder support is critical to drive the change and leverage organizational security culture. Second, records mobility with data security dimension represents the biggest challenge for RIM stakeholders. Third, mobile strategy and security framework are two must‐win areas for a successful mobile implementation.

Research limitations/implications

The paper does not include any end‐user perspective in interviews and this end‐user context is missing.

Practical implications

Awareness through education and training of employees needs to be given very particular attention in the future mobile implementations. Moreover, management and employee support is the critical component of the effective information security governance framework implementation. Finally, mobile strategy needs undergo a very precise and detailed planning process to ensure the right technology acceptance by users.

Originality/value

The paper closes an existing research gap and provides useful insights to record management professionals and practitioners on factors that impact effective information governance implementation within the mobile dual‐use context.
Instituting a company‐wide strategic conversation at Procter & Gamble
Authors: Lafley A.G. , Martin Roger
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The paper aims to explain how Procter & Gamble's new strategy review meeting structure and new inquiry culture established a new norm for communication between leaders and their teams throughout the organization.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors, one a former P&G CEO and the other a long‐time consultant to the firm, describe how the firm instituted a robust process for creating, reviewing and communicating about strategy.

Findings

The P&G process was designed to open a dialog between top management and the leaders of each business to discuss five strategic choices. What is your winning aspiration? Where will you play? How will you win? What capabilities must be in place? What management systems are required?

Practical implications

At P&G the Objectives, Goals, Strategy, Measures (OGSM) statement for a brand, category, or company was the framework for articulating a clear and explicit expression of where to play and how to win, choices that connected with the aspirations of the business and the measures of success indicated.

Originality/value

The paper explains the learning and communication techniques P&G used to foster an authentic, effective company‐wide dialog about strategy.
Taking firms to the stock market: IPOs and the importance of large banks in imperial Germany, 1896–1913
Authors: Lehmann Sibylle H.
Published: July 2013

Large universal banks played a major role in Germany's industrialization because they provided loans to industry and thereby helped firms to overcome liquidity constraints. Previous research has also argued that they were equally important for the German stock market. This article provides quantitative and qualitative evidence that although the market for underwriters was dominated by a small oligopoly of six large banks, there was still perceptible competition, which kept fees and short‐run profits low. Another interesting finding presented here is the absence of a signalling effect to investors. Neither underpricing nor the one‐year performance was different for the IPOs issued by one of the Big Six. Thus, although the German IPO business was in the hands of a small oligopoly, investors did not benefit from the lack of competition. One explanation is that the quality of IPOs on the German stock market of the time was very good in general as a result of the competition between underwriters, but also as a result of the tight regulation of underwriting, which ensured the quality of all firms on the German stock market.
Planning Discourse versus Land Discourse: The 2009–12 Reforms in Land‐Use Planning Policy and Land Policy in Israel
Authors: Hananel Ravit
Published: July 2013

Land policy and land‐use planning policy are two types of public policy pertaining to space. In general, land‐use planning policy deals with land‐use allocation and property rights, whereas land policy defines the land regime of a society. These differences have shaped a unique discourse for each of these policy types. The purpose of this article is to examine the differences and similarities between the land discourse and the planning discourse by analyzing two public campaigns conducted in Israel against two proposed reforms: the 2009 reform of the Israel Land Administration and the 2010–12 reform of the Planning and Building Law. The findings reveal substantive differences between the two campaigns, manifested in the nature of the leading players, the types of public activities they chose, and most notably in the discourses and the hierarchy of considerations they addressed. The findings raise profound questions regarding universal trends in spatial policy reforms; their influence on the activities of public coalitions and the discourses they adopted; possible future effects of these trends on the differences between the land discourse and the planning discourse; and the impact of these trends on the ability of groups and individuals elsewhere to influence spatial policies (such as planning and land policies).
Government and voluntary policymaking for sustainability in mining towns: A longitudinal analysis of Itabira, Brazil
Authors: Fonseca Alberto , Fitzpatrick Patricia , McAllister Mary Louise
Published: July 2013

The socio‐economic fabric of single‐company mining towns needs to be carefully considered by both Government and companies in sustainability policymaking. Policy design and effectiveness in such towns are significantly impacted by the city's economic dependence on a single company. This paper explores the perceived effectiveness of government and voluntary private sector mining policies for pursuing sustainability in the historic mining town of Itabira, Brazil over a period of 20 years. Itabira serves as a worthwhile case study because it allows for an in‐depth and longitudinal analysis that can reveal valuable lessons to policymakers of different sectors and jurisdictions located elsewhere. Based on extensive face‐to‐face interviews and literature reviews, study results indicate that changes to the state environmental licensing policies in the 1990s led to significant socio‐environmental improvements in the area. The globalization of the mining company also contributed to an increase in the quantity and quality of voluntary industry policies. Recent technological improvements in the beneficiation processes of the mining company promises to extend the life of the mine to 2050. Although there are significant incremental socio‐environmental policies and programmes, sustainability remains an elusive vision in Itabira, with no clear objectives or monitoring and accountability mechanisms. The paper concludes by recommending a more formal integrated policymaking framework.
Improving visitor management approaches for the changing preferences and behaviours of country park visitors inHongKong
Authors: Cheung Lewis T.O.
Published: July 2013

This study identified the changing preferences of country park visitors inHongKong and the potential for such changes to have further negative impacts on the ecologically sensitive areas of country parks. A questionnaire was used to collect feedback from 644 country park visitors to understand their preferences and visitation patterns. To investigate visitors’ preferences and behaviours and to develop better visitor management strategies, the survey data were compared with studies conducted 20 years ago. The results showed that the most popular nature‐based activities of 20 years ago, namely, picnicking and barbecuing, have significantly declined in popularity, while other activities, namely, nature studies and nature photography, have surged in popularity in recent years. These changes in visitor preferences have directly increased the negative impacts of visitors on country parks as they dispersed away from the high intensity recreation zones to the ecological sensitive areas. This emerging group of country park visitors has not been fully considered in the existing approach to visitor management and may irreversibly impact the ecological value of country parks. In this study, visitor management inHongKong's country parks was reviewed based on these research findings, and potential improvements were suggested.
Measuring and managing radiologist workload: Application of lean and constraint theories and production planning principles to planning radiology services in a major tertiary hospital
Authors: MacDonald Sharyn LS , Cowan Ian A , Floyd Richard , Mackintosh Stuart , Graham Rob , Jenkins Emma , Hamilton Richard
Published: July 2013

Introduction

We describe how techniques traditionally used in the manufacturing industry (lean management, the theory of constraints and production planning) can be applied to planning radiology services to reduce the impact of constraints such as limited radiologist hours, and to subsequently reduce delays in accessing imaging and in report turnaround.

Methods

Targets for imaging and reporting were set aligned with clinical needs. Capacity was quantified for each modality and for radiologists and recorded in activity lists. Demand was quantified and forecasting commenced based on historical referral rates. To try and mitigate the impact of radiologists as a constraint, lean management processes were applied to radiologist workflows. A production planning process was implemented.

Results

Outpatient waiting times to access imaging steadily decreased. Report turnaround times improved with the percentage of overnight/on‐call reports completed by a 1030 target time increased from approximately 30% to 80 to 90%. The percentage of emergency and inpatient reports completed within one hour increased from approximately 15% to approximately 50% with 80 to 90% available within 4 hours. The number of unreported cases on the radiologist work‐list at the end of the working day reduced. The average weekly accuracy for demand forecasts for emergency and inpatient CT, MRI and plain film imaging was 91%, 83% and 92% respectively. For outpatient CT, MRI and plain film imaging the accuracy was 60%, 55% and 77% respectively. Reliable routine weekly and medium to longer term service planning is now possible.

Conclusions

Tools from industry can be successfully applied to diagnostic imaging services to improve performance. They allow an accurate understanding of the demands on a service, capacity, and can reliably predict the impact of changes in demand or capacity on service delivery.
Measuring and managing radiologist workload: Measuring radiologist reporting times using data from a Radiology Information System
Authors: Cowan Ian A , MacDonald Sharyn LS , Floyd Richard A
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Historically, there has been no objective method of measuring the time required for radiologists to produce reports during normal work. We have created a technique for semi‐automated measurement of radiologist reporting time, and through it produced a robust set of absolute time requirements and relative value units for consultant reporting of diagnostic examinations in our hospital.

Methods

A large sample of reporting times, recorded automatically by the Radiology Information System (COMRAD, Software Innovations, Christchurch, New Zealand) along with the description of each examination being reported, was placed in a database. Analysis was confined to diagnostic reporting by consultant radiologists. A spreadsheet was produced, listing the total number and the frequency of reporting times of each distinct examination. Outliers with exceptionally long report times (more than 10 min for plain radiography, 30 min for ultrasound, or 60 min for CT or MRI with some exceptions) were culled; this removed 9.5% of the total. Complex CTs requiring separate workstation time were assigned times by consensus. The median time for the remainder of each sample was the assigned absolute reporting time in minutes and seconds. Relative value units were calculated using the reporting time for a single view department chest X‐ray of 1 min 38 s including verifying a report made using speech recognition software.

Results

A schedule of absolute and relative values, based on over 179 000 reports, forms Table 2 of this paper.

Conclusions

The technique provides a schedule of reporting times with reduced subjective input, which is more robust than existing systems for measuring reporting time.