bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTESTATION OR ADAPTATION: MODE OF MAINTAINING CACAH JIWA TRADITION IN THE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY OF KASEPUHAN CISUNGSANG LEBAK, BANTEN
Authors: Noorbani Muhammad Agus , Hamida Siti Nurul , Nur Mahmudah , Bahri Saeful
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the results of research on the tradition of Cacah Jiwa or prah-prahan in Kasepuhan Cisungsang Lebak, Banten. Banten is inhabited by the diversity of population backgrounds, cultures, languages, and religions that makes Banten as an attractive area and holds the potential for conflict. Conflicts that often occur are always related to the contestation between adherents of religion (Islam) and adherents of various local beliefs, which are still held by some Banten residents, especially those who live in the kasepuhan community. This paper, using interview and observation methods in data collection, aims to analyze how the tradition of prah-prahan is still maintained. This paper shows that Cacah Jiwa ritual is maintained by mixing and matching with Islamic teachings as a belief that recently come. This ritual signifies that indigenous peoples prioritize modes of adaptation in maintaining their traditions. This dismisses the view that there is a contestation between traditional actors and religious teachings and their adherents. For the indigenous people of Kasepuhan Cisungsang, tradition must not violate religious law; traditional practices and religious practices must be within the corridor of state law. Cacah Jiwa contains various prayers to The Almighty, which are read by the perpetrators, conveying wasilah to the ancestors, both the propagator of the religion they profess and the traditional ancestors. These prayers describe their beliefs as followers of Islamic religion. This tradition also teaches the indigenous community to be sensitive to the condition of their relatives, continue to build friendships, and uphold brotherhood.
DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN NORTH SUMATERA COMMUNITIES BY STRENGTHENING CROSSCULTURAL COMMUNICATION BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM VALUES
Authors: Mailin Mailin , Sazali Hasan , Dharma Suhesti Wira
Published: November 2023

The application of religious moderation using a cultural approach and local wisdom is very necessary because of the multicultural conditions of the North Sumatera region then there was the ambush of modernization and the presence of global culture hegemony. While the cultural approach and local wisdom can be done by using cross-cultural communication to avoid conflicts between different cultural groups And also maintain harmony between cultural groups.  This study aims to determine the understanding of the people of North Sumatra on religious moderation and to find out the local wisdom that exists in the people of North Sumatra in line or not with the concept of religious moderation. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach, data wascollected using unstructured interviews and documentation. The determination of informants is carried out using purposive sampling techniques. The data analysis process is carried out by reducing data, presenting data and verifying. The results of the research showed that the people of North Sumatera Utara understand religious moderation through tolerance and harmony among religious people and among the values of local wisdom that exist in the people of North Sumatera is in line with the concept of religious moderation pioneered by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, this has beeb proven by the culture that exists in North Sumatera since a long time ago has embraced an attitude of tolerance and harmony in carrying out daily life so as to create a harmonious relationship among the existing diversity.
THE RELIGIOUS-CULTURAL ASPECT OF KANJENG GUSTI PANGERAN ADIPATI ARYA (KGPAA) MANGKUNEGARA IX FUNERAL CEREMONY
Authors: Noviani Nur Laili , Mustolehudin Mustolehudin , Mardhiyani Nur Laili , Muzayanah Umi , Maknun Moch. Lukluil
Published: November 2023

KGPAA Mangkunegara IX funeral ceremony has attracted much attention because he was the former ruler of Kadipaten Mangkunegaran Surakarta, Central Java and he died in the middle of activity restriction due to the pandemic Covid-19 in Indonesia. Pura Mangkunegaran has its funeral ceremony but it hasn’t been written in many textbooks. The religious and cultural aspect was included in that ceremony because Mangkunegara IX was a Moslem and also a Pura Mangkunegaran ruler. This article aims to describe the religio-cultural context of the funeral ceremony of KGPAA Mangkunegara IX. Using a qualitative method the study was provided with interviews and an audio-visual documentary to collect the data. The study found that during the funeral ceremony, there were many religious and cultural rites included, such as bathing, praying, and burying the late, wearing a Mataram royal palace as the funeral cloth, brobosan, the Javanese funeral song chanting, and tahlil. Some of them were done simultaneously while the other was not. This finding shows that the relationship between religion and culture is still being maintained in Javanese families with some adaptation due to the pandemic.
STRIVING TO BE THE MAJORITY: TRUE STORIES AND EXPERIENCES OF CHINESE MUSLIMS IN POLEWALI MANDAR
Authors: Bachrong Faizal , Karim Abd , Nur Muhammad , Ahmad Taufik , Saputra Muhammad Ali
Published: November 2023

Chinese Muslims in Indonesia are still seen as a "marginal" part of the Muslim community. They have basically embraced Islam but sometimes people see them as something other than them. That is, changes in the religious status of the Chinese Muslim community have not affected their social status as a whole. They still face social challenges due to their previous ethnic background. In addition, Chinese Muslims also have to face strict cultural challenges from Chinese in general. They must be able to conform to those traditions before they convert. Chinese Muslims in Polewali Mandar encountered the same challenge but they were able to find a solution to the challenge. For this reason, this article uses qualitative research methods with an Oral History approach. The data was obtained by conducting interviews with Chinese Muslims in Polewali Mandar. The data is in the form of their stories, processes, and experiences as converts. Starting from their stories of converting to Islam, while observing Islamic law, their interaction with the Polewali Mandar community and interaction between their fellow people. This article found that the Muslim Chinese in Polewali Mandar had been accepted by the community. The social conditions they face can be lived well. However, the Chinese stigma is quite difficult to escape from them. They still sometimes get marginalization but the level is quite different from other Chinese. They struggle with the Islamic Faith, that they are part of the majority in Polewali Mandar. Culturally, they can adapt well without having to abandon their old traditions.
Descriptive study of Extragastrointestinal Manifestations of Ulcerative Colitis and their relation to disease activity in 100 Iraqi patients
Authors: Al-Khazraji Khalid A.
Published: November 2023

Background: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); its extragastrointestinal manifestations vary from one country to another. This study identifies the prevalence of the extragastrointestinal manifestations in a sample of Iraqi patients with ulcerative colitis and their relation to disease activity.Patients and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 100 patients with established diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, who attended Baghdad Teaching hospital and Gastroenterology center in Baghdad during the period from May 2009 to January 2010. A direct interview and thorough clinical examination were done to determine the history of the disease, its severity and the presence or absence of the extraintestinal manifestations.Result: The Extragastrointestinal manifestations were observed in 17 patients (17%). The most common EGlMs were the peripheral arthritis and mouth ulcer. The EGlMs were more common in patients with severe disease.Conclusion: The EGlMs of ulcerative are less common in Iraqi patients than in patients from western countries, but their relation with disease activity was relatively similar.
Management of Esophageal Foreign Bodies, retrospective study.
Authors: Nemat Mohammed H. , Hussein Abdulameer M. , Juma Uday H.
Published: November 2023

Background: Foreign body impaction in the esophagus is a common problem. Our Objective is to draw conclusions from a retrospective over viewing a number of cases to assess current methods of management and to come out with recommendation from collected experience.Patient and method: A retrospective study of (62) patients admitted to the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at Medical City Teaching Hospital from January 2002 to December 2004 with history of foreign body swallowing and impaction. Six patients excluded from the (62) patients after having negative esophgoscpic findings. On presentation, history about type and time of ingestion, associated signs and symptoms were recorded, x- ray was taken. Rigid esophagoscopy or direct laryngoscopy and Magill forceps has been used. After the procedure completion, type and site of the foreign body and state of esophageal mucosa at the site of impaction were recorded. Chest Xray done postoperatively in certain patients when we had peroperative findings of bleeding, suspicion of perforation. All patients except 2 were discharged within 24 hours after the procedure.Results: The results showed that the commonest age group was among children between 1-10 years (27) patients, and 77% of the patients presented with dysphagia as the most common presenting symptom, site of impaction mostly in upper third of esophagus 68%, and 68% of the FB were radiopaque. Types of the FB were versatile but 50% of them were metalic objects.Conclusion: Esophageal FB is a common problem especially among children; it requires urgent intervention because of its deleterious complications if left untreated.Suspecion is enough indication especially in children. Management requires good experience in using the appropriate tools like Magill forceps, which is safe and quick in good hands.
Relationship Between Sphingomyelin and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhu Haohao , Lu Rongrong , Zhou Qin , Du Zhiqiang , Jiang Ying
Published: November 2023

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology involves multiple genetic and environmental factors. Sphingomyelin (SM) is a type of sphingolipid found in cell membranes, and recent evidence suggests a potential link between SM and AD. However, the nature of this relationship remains unclear.

Objective:

To elucidate the potential causal relationship between SM levels and the risk of developing AD using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach.

Methods:

The study utilized data extracted from the genome wide association study database. The primary analysis method was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, which was supplemented by weighted median, weighted mode, and MR Egger methods. The study specifically investigated the bidirectional causal relationship between SM and AD, evaluating odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results:

Elevated levels of SM were found to be a risk factor for AD, as shown by IVW(MRE) [OR: 1.001, 95% CI: 1.000 to 1.002; p = 0.020 < 0.05], IVW(FE) [OR: 1.001, 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.002; p = 3.36e-07 < 0.05], and MR Egger. Conversely, AD was demonstrated to lead to an increase in SM levels [IVW(MRE): OR: 5.64e+08, 95% CI: 1.69e+05 to 1.89e+12; p = 1.14e-06 < 0.05], with consistent findings across the IVW(FE), MR Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode methods.

Conclusions:

The study establishes a bidirectional positive correlation between SM and AD. Increased SM levels are associated with a higher risk of developing AD, and the presence of AD can further elevate SM levels, potentially exacerbating the disease’s progression.
Governance Concepts, Frameworks and Lake Governance’s Conceptualisation
Authors: Brillo Bing Baltazar C.
Published: November 2023

This academic paper embraces a politically theoretical discourse to examine the research gap from Governance concepts to the water and lake frameworks. It explains and understands the idea of Lake Governance and its central constituents: the collective people, development, conservation, and the Government. Governance’s concept is entrenched, and the water and lake frameworks are complicated, making the lake’s conceptualisation challenging to grasp and comprehend fully. This article asserts that: (i) Lake Governance is more suitable as this concept is simplicity, parsimony, and essential to understand and utilise. (ii) Lake Governance’s conceptualisation should be centered on contributing the scholarly literature and more so recognised and established in the lakes’ discourse. (iii) Government is crucial, the utmost consequential in Lake Governance, where this central position interlocks the collective people in development and the lake in conservation.
Enhanced High Activity for Removal and Adsorption Process of Cationic Dye by Using Active Nanocomposite Surface: Reactivation and Isotherm Models
Authors: Aljeboree Aseel M. , Alkaim Ayad F.
Published: November 2023

In this research, a new low-cost material was synthesised multi carbon nanotube/Zinc oxide nanocomposite (MWCNT/ZnO), nanocomposite used as a sorbent for dye removal from industrial Water treatment, as like cationic model Maxillon blue (GRL) dye in order to find the adsorption mechanism of adsorption methods were studied via FESEM, TEM, and BET. Two models of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm were studied, and according to the data, it was established that it conforms to the isotherm Freundlich estimation on the value of R2 > 0.9798. The reactivation and re-use of (MWCNT/ZnO) nanocomposite were performed by using water in the GRL dye up to Cycle 5 under the best conditions. After the 3 cycles of using (MWCNT/ZnO) nanocomposite, the efficiency is still significant (>80%) and it appears that the (MWCNT/ZnO) nanocomposite is a probable re-newable absorber, moreover, the effect of ionic strength increases the solubility of the GRL dye in aqueous medium. Thus, when salt is added, the aqueous solution decreases the removal percentage. Also, a comparison among several surfaces (ZnONPs, MWCNT, MWCNT/ZnO), found MWCNT/ZnO nanocomposite the best surfaces to remove GRL dye.
Wastewater Treatment by Improving the Local Clay Capacity with Chemical and Thermal Activation
Authors: Babaami Nourelhouda , Zobeidi Ammar , Zenkheri Louiza , Boudjema Souheyla , Ben Azia Ghania , Benhania Ahlem
Published: November 2023

Worldwide, liquid effluents are generally discharged into the environment untreated, which, in turn, are affecting humans, animals and plants. Preserving our environment is a priority, especially with the emergence of epidemics in recent years. As a part of our investigation, we aim to treat the wastewater of the Ouargla region by enhancing the adsorption capacity of local clay collected from El-Oued (Elmghaier, south of Algeria) using thermo-chemical activation for the removal of organic pollutants. The clay used was (illite, kaolinite, and quartz 62.0%, 27.0% and 11.1%, respectively). The experiments proved the efficiency of enhancing the adsorption capacity of local clay by thermo-chemical activation in the treatment of urban wastewater to determine the efficiency by the following characteristics: chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and turbidity, respectively. Acid-activated clay with sulphuric acid achieved high efficiency on polluted water purification at the ideal concentration (0.75 N) and an adsorption rate of (80.16%, 90.74%, 93.33% and 90.74%), while the result decreased in the optimal concentration of acid activated clay HCl (0.134 N) and the adsorption rate was 73%, 60.92%, 94.31% and 65.57%. The thermal activation effect of the clay studied under optimal temperature conditions (400°C) shows that the adsorption ratio increased with higher temperatures (82%, 65%, 89.56% and 78.65%).
Elevated expression patterns of P-element Induced Wimpy Testis (PIWI) transcripts are potential candidate markers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hammad Gehan , Mamdouh Samah , Seoudi Dina Mohamed , Seleem Mohamed Ismail , Safwat Gehan , Mohamed Rania Hassan
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

P-Element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI) proteins, when in combination with PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), are engaged in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in germline cells. Different types of tumour cells have been found to exhibit abnormal expression of piRNA, PIWIL-mRNAs, and proteins. We aimed to determine the mRNA expression profiles of PIWIL1, PIWIL2, PIWIL3, & PIWIL4, in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, and to associate their expression patterns with clinicopathological features.

METHODS:

The expression patterns of PIWIL1, PIWIL2, PIWIL3, PIWIL4 mRNA, was assessed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR), on tissue and serum samples from HCC patients, their impact for diagnosis was evaluated by ROC curves, prognostic utility was determined, and In Silico analysis was conducted for predicted variant detection, association with HCC microRNAs and Network Analysis.

RESULTS:

Expression levels were significantly higher in both HCC tissue and serum samples than in their respective controls ([Formula: see text] 0.001). Additionally, the diagnostic performance was assessed, Risk determination was found to be statistically significant.

CONCLUSION:

PIWIL mRNAs are overexpressed in HCC tissue and serum samples, the expression patterns could be valuable molecular markers for HCC, due to their association with age, tumour grade and pattern. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to report the expression levels of all PIWIL mRNA and to suggest their remarkable values as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, in addition to their correlation to HCC development. Additionally, a therapeutic opportunity might be also suggested through in silico miRNA prediction for HCC and PIWIL genes through DDX4 and miR-124-3p.
Toward Personalized Cognitive Training in Older Adults: A Pilot Investigation of the Effects of Baseline Performance and Age on Cognitive Training Outcomes
Authors: Bruno Jennifer L. , Shaw Jacob S. , Hosseini S. M. Hadi
Published: November 2023

Background: Cognitive training holds potential as a non-pharmacological intervention to decrease cognitive symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but more research is needed to understand individual differences that may predict maximal training benefits. Objective: We conducted a pilot study using a six-month training regimen in healthy aging adults with no cognitive decline. We investigated the effects of baseline performance and age on training and transfer improvements. Methods: Out of 43 participants aged 65–84 years, 31 successfully completed cognitive training (BrainHQ) in one of three cognitive domains: processing speed (N = 13), inhibitory control (N = 9), or episodic memory (N = 9). We used standardized assessments to measure baseline performance and transfer effects. Results: All 31 participants improved on the cognitive training regimen and age was positively associated with training improvement (p = 0.039). The processing speed group improved significantly across many near- and far-transfer tasks. In the inhibitory control group, individuals with lower baseline performance improved more on inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility tasks. In the episodic memory group, older individuals improved most on a memory task while younger individuals improved most on an executive function far-transfer task. Conclusions: Individual differences are predictive of cognitive training gains, and the impact of individual differences on training improvements is specific to the domain of training. We provide initial insight regarding how non-pharmacological interventions can be optimized to combat the onset of cognitive decline in older adults. With future research this work can inform the design of effective cognitive interventions for delaying cognitive decline in preclinical AD.
Long-Term Outcome of Infantile Onset Pompe Disease Patients Treated with Enzyme Replacement Therapy - Data from a German-Austrian Cohort
Authors: Pfrimmer Charlotte , Smitka Martin , Muschol Nicole , Husain Ralf A. , Huemer Martina , Hennermann Julia B. , Schuler Rahel , Hahn Andreas
Published: November 2023

Background:

Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human alglucosidase alfa (rhGAA) was approved in Europe in 2006. Nevertheless, data on the long-term outcome of infantile onset Pompe disease (IOPD) patients at school age is still limited.

Objective:

We analyzed in detail cardiac, respiratory, motor, and cognitive function of 15 German-speaking patients aged 7 and older who started ERT at a median age of 5 months.

Results:

Starting dose was 20 mg/kg biweekly in 12 patients, 20 mg/kg weekly in 2, and 40 mg/kg weekly in one patient. CRIM-status was positive in 13 patients (86.7%) and negative or unknown in one patient each (6.7%). Three patients (20%) received immunomodulation. Median age at last assessment was 9.1 (7.0–19.5) years. At last follow-up 1 patient (6.7%) had mild cardiac hypertrophy, 6 (42.9%) had cardiac arrhythmias, and 7 (46.7%) required assisted ventilation. Seven patients (46.7%) achieved the ability to walk independently and 5 (33.3%) were still ambulatory at last follow-up. Six patients (40%) were able to sit without support, while the remaining 4 (26.7%) were tetraplegic. Eleven patients underwent cognitive testing (Culture Fair Intelligence Test), while 4 were unable to meet the requirements for cognitive testing. Intelligence quotients (IQs) ranged from normal (IQ 117, 102, 96, 94) in 4 patients (36.4%) to mild developmental delay (IQ 81) in one patient (9.1%) to intellectual disability (IQ 69, 63, 61, 3x <55) in 6 patients (54.5%). White matter abnormalities were present in 10 out of 12 cerebral MRIs from 7 patients.

Conclusion:

Substantial motor, cardiac, respiratory, and cognitive deficits are frequent in IOPD long-term survivors who started ERT before 2016. The findings of this study can be valuable as comparative data when evaluating the impact of newer treatment strategies including higher enzyme dosage, immunomodulation, modified enzymes, or early start of treatment following newborn screening.
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure practices in preterm infants: A survey of neonatal providers
Authors: Mamidi R.R. , MacDonald K.D. , Brumbach B.H. , Go M.D.A. , McEvoy C.T.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

The standard of care for respiratory support of preterm infants is nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), yet practices are not standardized. Our aim was to survey CPAP practices in infants < 32 weeks gestation among the American Academy of Pediatrics Neonatal-Perinatal section.

METHODS:

A US, web-based survey inquired about the initiation, management, and discontinuation of CPAP, and chinstrap use and oral feedings on CPAP.

RESULTS:

857 providers consented. Regarding criteria to discontinue/wean CPAP: 69% use specific respiratory stability criteria; 22% a specific post-menstrual age; 8% responded other. 64% did not have guidelines for CPAP discontinuation; 54% did not have guidelines for CPAP initiation. 66% believe chinstraps improve CPAP efficacy; however, 11% routinely apply a chinstrap. 22% allow oral feeds on CPAP in certain circumstances.

CONCLUSION:

There are meaningful variabilities in CPAP practices among neonatal providers across the US. Given the potential long-term implications this can have on the growth and development of the preterm lung, further evidence-based research is needed in relation to respiratory outcomes to optimize and standardize CPAP strategies.
Sting and evaluation of a prototype of a mobility trainer: Verticalizer for children (2 to 7 years) weighing up to 20 kg
Authors: Žukauskienė Milda , Markauskienė Asta , Juraitis Tomas , Kuzborska Zyta
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: The prototype of mobility trainer-verticalizer (hereinafter – PMTV) is designed to develop existing movements caused by individual physical conditions and disease damage, as close as possible to the natural biomechanics of a healthy person. The aim is to make the equipment comfortable, simple, suitable for everyday use in a variety of environments, from medical institutions to the patient’s home, and customizable according to the anthropometric data of the growing child. OBJECTIVE: To investigate and evaluate the technical characteristics and feasibility of a PMTV for children (2 to 7 years) weighing up to 20 kg. METHODS: Empirical research method (anthropometric measurements); quantitative research method (survey); qualitative research method (interviews). RESULTS: The PMTV is suitable for use with children aged 2 to 7 years, although children with various disabilities may have heights, weights and other anthropometric data that fall far below or exceed the healthy standard. The exercise with the use of a PMTV had a positive effect on muscle tone, with a decrease in muscle tone in both the upper and lower limbs. An increased range of motion (hereinafter – ROM) of shoulder flexion and abduction was observed. In the lower limb, there was an improvement in the ROM of hip internal and external rotation and the flexion and extension of knee. CONCLUSION: Physiotherapy using PMTV had a positive effect on the subject’s limb volume and muscle tone, a positive effect on the subject’s passive ROM, and a positive effect on the subject’s gross motor function.
Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and the structure of the tin-free aluminum bronze
Authors: Khvorykh Yu. A. , Nikitin S. V. , Kupriyanova O. A.
Published: November 2023

Nowadays bronze products have quite high demand, for example, bronze liners, bushings, flanges, etc. Bronze is a rather malleable antifriction material with good corrosion resistance. Depending on the different methods of melting and processing bronze, it is possible to increase strength properties and reduce cost of production of bronze products. There are various types of tin-free bronze, such as aluminum, lead, beryllium, manganese, magnesium, chromium, zirconium, cadmium, silicon, bronze. In this article, cast tin-free bronzes produced by two casting methods, such as casting in a casting mold and casting on gasifiable models (CGM), are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed. Experimental regimes of heat treatment during CGM were developed and tested. The tests of mechanical characteristics are carried out on prototypes and a full-fledged liner that is used in the nodes of a spindle device. The microstructure of samples during CGM before and after heat treatment is studied. Dependence of time resistance, relative, elongation, hardness and impact toughness on various heat treatment modes was studied. A general comparative analysis of mechanical properties depending on the method of melting and processing of bronze samples was also carried out. The economic calculation was carried out, which revealed the economic effect of CGM with further heat treatment. The heat treatment regimes have been developed, which make it possible to use the CGM casting method for inserts with obtaining mechanical properties at the level of casting into the mold according to GOST 493‒79.
Improvement of blast furnace production using digital technology
Authors: Dmitriev A. N. , Zolotykh M. O. , Vit’kina G. Yu.
Published: November 2023

The role of mathematical models in the improvement of the blast furnace smelting technology is shown. Examples include the new developments of the Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of digital models of blast furnace production, in particular, two-dimensional and three-dimensional mathematical models of the thermal state of various zones of the blast furnace, including analysis and forecast of phe-nomena of gas dynamics, heat exchange, recovery in blast furnace using a complex of mathematical models; monitoring of refractory lining state and hearth filling using three-dimensional mathematical model of thermal processes; forecast of silicon content and other elements in cast iron and slag based on neural network technologies; optimization of the composition and improvement of metallurgical characteristics of iron ore agglomerate and coke in order to increase the efficiency of blast furnace melting and analysis of the efficiency of blast furnaces based on the calculation of the minimum consumption of coke. These models are based on the consideration of physical, chemical and thermal phenomena occurring in the blast furnace, taking into account their two-dimensional nature implicit in the problem statement. The developed complex of models includes balance (equilibrium) model, models of gas dynamics, heat exchange, reduction, cohesion zone. New developments in the field of analysis and control of thermophysical and physicochemical phenomena occurring in different zones of the blast furnace allow to raise the technology and methods of blast furnace melting to a fundamentally new level, which saves fuel and energy resources. The possibility of using a digital model in tempo with a process using sensor readings through the blast furnace department management system of the enterprise is shown.
The effects of physical treatment on physicochemical and biological properties of water and aqueous solutions
Authors: Don E. S. , Stepanov G. O. , Tarasov S. A.
Published: November 2023

Objectives. Changes to the properties of water caused by factors such as pressure or temperature, can only be explained by its structural changes. Scientists study changes to the properties of water due to various physical stimuli only without the addition of any substances. Examples of stimuli are acoustic exposure, thermal exposure, pressure variation, shaking, intensive vibration treatment followed by dilutions, vortexing, bubble generation, inter alia.

The aim of the present review article is to summarize the available data on how the above processes affect the physicochemical and biological properties of water and aqueous solutions.

Results. It has been shown that heating makes water less compressible and decreases air solubility in water, while cooling enhances its viscosity. Acoustic exposure makes the structure of water become coarse-grained, followed by an increase the number of large clusters, pH and temperature inside a cavitation bubble. High pressure enhances the viscosity, self-diffusion, and compressibility of water. For bubble processed water, there are changes in the spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation times. Reactive oxygen species are formed, as well as increased solubility of gases in liquids and reduced friction. Vortex process technology causes an increase of electrical conductivity of water and reduced viscosity. Intensive vibration treatment and dilution processes result in changes in electrical conductivity of water, dissolved gas concentration, ultrasonic wave velocity, рН, surface tension, dielectric constant, and spectral response. There is also data to support the biological effects of different types of physical treatment of solutions.

Conclusions. This review shows that physical treatment of water can induce changes both in physicochemical and biological properties of water and aqueous solutions.
Buspirone in the treatment of addictive disorders: past, present, future
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Petrova N.N.
Published: November 2023

Buspirone is a representative of an innovative class of anxiolytics (non-benzodiazepine series), used for monotherapy or as part of combined therapy with antidepressants for generalized anxiety disorder, as well as for augmentation of antidepressant therapy. The article is devoted to the buspirone use in the treatment of addictions connected with alcohol, nicotine, opioid. Experimental study results of the buspirone effect on alcohol consumption are presented The article also describes buspirone mechanisms of action underlying its effects as the additional means for addiction therapy. It is emphasized that azapirone buspirone has little addictive potential, has a favorable safety and tolerability profile, and does not cause withdrawal symptoms. Comorbidity problem of anxiety and alcohol dependence is revealed and complex therapy expediency of such patients is substantiated. Buspirone, a partial agonist of 5-HT1A receptors and an antagonist of dopamine receptors D2, D3 and D4, helps to reduce alcohol consumption, facilitates opioid withdrawal syndrome. It is noted that buspirone has low potential to cause dependence, which may be due to the lack of effect on opiate receptors. It is proved that the effect on dopaminergic receptors of the 3rd subtype can become a new treatment tactics for addiction therapy. KEYWORDS: buspirone, anxiety, alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, addictions. FOR CITATION: Petrova N.N. Buspirone in the treatment of addictive disorders: past, present, future. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2023;7(10):644–649 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2023-7-10-5.
A Comprehensive Review on Multi-Class Recognition of Soybean Leaf Diseases
Authors: Shelke Shivani , Degadwala Sheshang
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art methodologies in the multi-class recognition of soybean leaf diseases, addressing the challenges faced by soybean cultivation globally. Focusing on diseases like rust, bacterial blight, anthracnose, and powdery mildew, the review encompasses traditional image processing techniques as well as modern advancements in deep learning, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Topics covered include dataset compilation, preprocessing, feature extraction, and the application of various machine learning algorithms. Special emphasis is placed on exploring the potential of transfer learning, domain adaptation, and the integration of spectral imaging and remote sensing technologies for enhanced disease detection. By providing a thorough comparative analysis, this review aims to guide future research efforts, aiding researchers, agronomists, and practitioners in developing robust and scalable solutions to combat soybean leaf diseases and improve global agricultural productivity.
A Comprehensive Review on Adversarial Attack Detection Analysis in Deep Learning
Authors: Kumari Soni , Degadwala Sheshang
Published: November 2023

This comprehensive review investigates the escalating concern of adversarial attacks on deep learning models, offering an extensive analysis of state-of-the-art detection techniques. Encompassing traditional machine learning methods and contemporary deep learning approaches, the review categorizes and evaluates various detection mechanisms while addressing challenges such as the need for benchmark datasets and interpretability. Emphasizing the crucial role of explaining ability and trustworthiness, the paper also explores emerging trends, including the integration of technologies like explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) and reinforcement learning. By synthesizing existing knowledge and outlining future research directions, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders seeking a nuanced understanding of adversarial attack detection in deep learning.
A Comprehensive Review on Utilization of Deep Learning for Precipitation Nowcasting via Satellite Data
Authors: Patel Vedanti , Degadwala Sheshang
Published: November 2023

This comprehensive review delves into the cutting-edge applications of deep learning techniques for precipitation nowcasting using satellite data. As climate variability and extreme weather events become increasingly prominent, accurate and timely precipitation predictions are essential for effective disaster management and resource allocation. The paper surveys the recent advancements in deep learning models, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), showcasing their efficacy in processing and analyzing satellite-derived information. The discussion encompasses the challenges associated with satellite data, such as spatiotemporal complexities and data quality issues, and elucidates how deep learning architectures address these hurdles. The review also highlights noteworthy studies, methodologies, and benchmarks in the field, providing a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art approaches for precipitation nowcasting through the lens of deep learning applied to satellite data.
KARAKTERISTIK TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA MENJELANG ERA BONUS DEMOGRAFI
Authors: Heryani  , Siagian Tiodora Hadumaon
Published: November 2023

Jumlah penduduk Indonesia hasil sensus penduduk 2020 sejumlah 275 juta jiwa.  Sebesar 62,28 persen merupakan penduduk usia produktif. Pada penelitian ini akan dikaji terkait puncak bonus demografi tersebut dengan karakteristik tenaga kerja. Dengan menggunakan data Badan Pusat Statistik akan di analisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Penduduk usia produktif di Indonesia lebih dari 90 persen adalah penduduk yang bekerja. Penduduk tersebut merupakan penduduk yang pendidikan tertingginya sekolah dasar kebawah. Hal ini akan menjadi ancaman bagi Indonesia dalam menyongsong puncak bonus demografi yang diperkirakan akan terjadi pada tahun 2030. Tidak hanya pendidikan tenaga kerja yang rendah, lapangan usaha di dominasi pada sektor pertanian dengan status berusaha sendiri. Fenomena ini selaras dengan karakteristik penduduk miskin Indonesia. Penduduk miskin Indonesia lebih dari 50 persen pendidikan yang ditamatkan adalah sekolah dasar kebawah. Selain itu sumber penghasilan utamanya berasal dari sektor pertanian. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut bukanlah solusi jika mereka yang berpendidikan dasar kebawah dipaksa untuk melanjutkan pendidikan formalnya. Tetapi bisa diberikan pelatihan dan kursus yang dapat meningkatkan keahlian mereka. Pemerintah juga perlu memperbanyak lapangan kerja bagi penduduk Indonesia.
DETERMINAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KEJADIAN STUNTING
Authors: Maulia Siti Mukharohmah  , Mulyaningsih Tri , Wiyono Vincentius Hadi
Published: November 2023

Kabupaten Sragen adalah salah satu daerah dengan fokus pengentasan stunting di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2022 rata-rata prevalensi balita stunting di Kabupaten Sragen yakni sebesar 24,3% dimana angka tersebut lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rata-rata prevalensi balita stunting di Jawa Tengah (20,8%) dan juga rata-rata nasional (21,6%) (SSGI Kemenkes RI, 2022). Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan pemerintah untuk mencegah anak stunting, namun prevalensi anak stunting di Kabupaten Sragen masih sangat tinggi sehingga diperlukan inovasi kebijakan untuk mempercepat penurunan angka stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan sosial ekonomi terhadap kejadian stunting di Desa Wonorejo. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui survey dan wawancara. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan systematic random sampling, data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 73 sampel, dimana 21 rumah tangga (28,76%) memiliki anak dengan status gizi stunting. Prevalensi anak stunting lebih tinggi pada anak-anak dengan ibu yang memiliki pendidikan di bawah SMP, ibu yang tidak bekerja, pendapatan per kapita rendah serta anak dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki. Berdasarkan temuan ini, diperlukan intervensi  yang tepat dan efektif sesuai dengan faktor penentu anak stunting.
STRATEGI PENGUATAN PERAN KELEMBAGAAN DESA DALAM PENINGKATAN KETAHANAN PANGAN DI DESA KENDALBULUR, KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Irawati Riya Irawati , Ginting Reza Pirgianta , Rahayu Neneng Sri
Published: November 2023

Kabupaten Tulungagung berdasarkan indeks ketahanan pangan komposit termasuk dalam klasifikasi baik atau sangat tahan terhadap kerentanan. Namun masih terdapat permasalahan dalam kelembagaan Desa Kendalbulur, diantaranya kurangnya sumber daya manusia di bidang pemerintahan desa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan peran kelembagaan desa dalam mengelola ketahanan pangan dan strategi penguatan kelembagaan. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan telaah dokumen, wawancara, dan pengamatan di lapangan. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis potensi desa, kelembagaan pemerintah desa, pengelolaan anggaran desa, regulasi, pengembangan desa, otonomi desa, dan strategi penguatan peran kelembagaan desa dalam meningkatkan ketahanan pangan menggunakan instrument SWOT dan matriks IFAS-EFAS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peran kelembagaan desa dalam mengelola ketahanan pangan sangat penting. Lebih lanjut, strategi penguatan peran kelembagaan Desa Kendalbulur dalam meningkatkan ketahanan pangan yaitu Rapid Growth Strategy. Oleh karena itu Desa Kendalbulur perlu konsisten mengimplementasikan regulasi dan dukungan kelembagaan yang ada dalam peningkatan pertanian dan budidaya perikanan serta memaksimalkan potensi pertanian, perikanan, peternakan dan wisata.
CHANGING THE FOCUS OF THE INDONESIAN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SYSTEM TO RESPOND TO GLOBAL FOOD SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Ibnu Muhammad
Published: November 2023

The transformation of the global food system affects small-scale farmers in developing countries, especially Indonesia. Although cropping intensity increases, farmers' income tends to decrease and is unstable due to the volatility of commodity prices in global markets. If extension systems continue to adhere to a 20th-century strategy of focusing on staple crops, farmers and extension systems will need to be able to compete effectively with the multinational corporations controlling the food chain. If this continues, national extension systems will likely follow the fate of agricultural extension systems in North America, Europe, and Oceania, which are gradually being streamlined or wholly abolished. This study aims to answer the question: What changes are needed by Indonesia's agricultural extension system to respond to the transformation of the global food system? This research method is a literature review. The research results show that Indonesia's agricultural extension system still has the opportunity to make a significant, long-lasting contribution to improving the income and livelihoods of smallholders. The extension system needs to change its focus, shift to high-value crops, form business groups, become market-based, build social capital, and move to a decentralized extension structure. This 21st-century extension focus is doable but requires strong leadership and commitment.
Spontaneous spinal hemorrhage as the complication of low-molecular-weight heparin: A case report
Authors: Tong Kwok Chin
Published: November 2023

A 57-year-old woman with good past health presented with sudden-onset paraplegia after receiving aspirin, clopidogrel, and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for suspected acute coronary syndrome. She suffered from spontaneous spinal hemorrhage which was intradural in location. She remained paraplegic despite clot evacuation and 2 months of rehabilitation. Caution on uncommon sites of bleeding should be taken when prescribing anti-thrombotic drugs. Of note, spontaneous spinal hemorrhage is one of the black box warnings of LMWH.
Espaço coworking: importância dos escritórios corporativos e sua influência na cidade de Vitória da Conquista – BA
Authors: Silva Tulio Souza , Ostermann Erika Alezard
Published: November 2023

Com a industrialização, o aumento da demanda por materiais e por mão de obra se intensificou, resultando em grandes organizações nos ambientes de trabalho, passando a agregar vários funcionários em um único espaço com a finalidade de atender as necessidades de consumo do mercado. As edificações passam a influenciar e refletir no desempenho e desenvolvimento dos colaboradores, necessitando do planejamento das construções por meio de projetos arquitetônicos eficientes, funcionais e confortáveis que corroboram para o bem-estar durante a realização dos ofícios. Em virtude disso, destaca-se o coworking, conceito que define a forma de ambiente, recursos e trabalho compartilhado, atendendo empreendedores, profissionais independentes e liberais e/ou empresas de pequeno, médio ou grande porte, com o intuito de reduzir gastos e aumentar a rede de contatos. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem por finalidade retratar a importância dos escritórios corporativos, bem como sua evolução, destacando a arquitetura como uma aliada, devido à adoção de soluções e técnicas arquitetônicas que viabilizam flexibilidade, tecnologia integrada e redução de custos. O objetivo é compreender a influência, o funcionamento e as características dos escritórios coworking, realizando uma análise deste tipo de empreendimento na cidade de Vitória da Conquista, na Bahia. Assim, a pesquisa tem se desenvolvido por meio de revisões bibliográficas cítricas e exploratórias, buscando adquirir embasamento teórico sobre os escritórios corporativos, a influência da arquitetura no desenvolvimento dos diferentes tipos de ofícios que, por sua vez, visa um público-alvo diversificado.
Metodologias ativas: repensando as práticas pedagógicas
Authors: Oliveira Jessica Conde Garcia de
Published: November 2023

A metodologia utilizada neste estudo foi a revisão de literatura, de abordagem qualitativa, com pesquisas bibliográficas, pelas quais se procurou investigar conhecimentos técnicos sobre as metodologias ativas, buscando uma maior reflexão a respeito do tema proposto. Este artigo aborda as metodologias que são fundamentadas na concepção de que aprender vai além de simplesmente assistir a aulas expositivas e realizar exercícios reproduzidos. Além disso, destaca algumas metodologias ativas na prática escolar, como o ensino híbrido, a sala de aula invertida, a aprendizagem baseada em projetos e a aprendizagem gamificada. No ensino híbrido, a combinação de aulas presenciais e online é utilizada para ministrar as disciplinas. Na sala de aula invertida, os alunos interagem, em casa e antes das aulas, com o material que será estudado, o que lhes possibilita atividades mais interativas durante o tempo presencial. A aprendizagem baseada em projetos colabora para que os alunos sejam capazes de resolver desafios ou problemas relacionados à sua vida fora da sala de aula. Já a aprendizagem gamificada incorpora elementos de jogos para tornar o ensino mais envolvente e interessante. O texto ressalta também a necessidade de se repensar as práticas pedagógicas diante das inovações tecnológicas e das mudanças no perfil dos alunos. O papel do professor é visto como mais amplo e complexo, requerendo constante reflexão sobre sua prática pedagógica. Assim, este trabalho destaca a importância da implementação das metodologias ativas de maneira crítica e emancipadora, e das transformações das práticas pedagógicas para uma educação de qualidade.