bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Trophic Ecology of Exotic Game Birds on Mascarenes Biodiversity: The Case of Francolinus pondicerianus in Mauritius
Authors: Herpin Ugo , Gauchet Lucie , Strasberg Dominique , Zuel Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Game bird species were introduced to several insular systems during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Mascarenes are a relevant example of such introductions, including the grey francolin (Francolinus pondicerianus). In the case of Mauritius and Réunion Island, although this bird has been present for more than 300 years, limited information is available concerning its behavioural adaptations in insular systems, especially regarding its feeding behaviour. The first aim of this study was to describe the diet of the grey francolin, a well‐established game‐bird species in the Mascarenes. From this novel information, we also wish to discuss how the grey francolin can be positioned in insular food chains, and thus, its potential impact on the biodiversity of Mauritius and Réunion Island. We provide an analysis of 9115 food items, including both insects and seeds harvested from stomach contents of 13 grey francolin. The birds were harvested in Mauritius, from two distinct zones, and their stomach contents were sorted and identified using binocular magnifiers. The results revealed a total diversity of 20 seed species and 23 insect species, with a majority of exotic species. Solanum sp., Amaranthus sp. and Chamaesyce hirta were the dominant seeds, whereas insect food items were widely dominated by ant species (Pheidole megacephala, Solenopsis geminata). Important variability was observed in the composition of stomach contents, resulting in relevant amplitudes of species‐diversity indicators and the animal‐versus‐plant ratio, throughout the 13 birds. Furthermore, the amount of certain food items was particularly high for one stomach content, whereas their global occurrence among the 13 birds was rather low, suggesting that the grey francolin has a versatile and opportunistic diet. Despite the lack of monitoring of food availability or diversity, the variation in stomach contents suggests that the diets of these generalist birds are dependent on the availability of resources in the environment.
Associations between lifestyle and well‐being in early and late pregnancy in women with overweight or obesity: Secondary analyses of the PEARS RCT
Authors: Philippe Kaat , Douglass Alexander P. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Phillips Catherine M.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The associations between individual lifestyle behaviours and well‐being are still poorly understood, particularly in the antenatal period when women are exposed to physiological changes and increased psychological distress. A healthy lifestyle score (HLS) comprising protective lifestyle behaviours may be useful for studying links between overall lifestyle and psychosocial outcomes. This study aimed to examine bidirectional associations between a HLS and its components and psychological well‐being in pregnant women with overweight/obesity.

Design

Secondary analyses of data from the PEARS trial.

Methods

Healthy lifestyle scores (scored 0–5) based on maternal diet (AHEI‐P), physical activity (MET‐minutes), alcohol consumption, smoking, and sleep habits were created for 330 and 287 mothers with overweight/obesity in early (14–16 weeks gestation) and late pregnancy (28 weeks gestation), respectively. Psychological well‐being was measured with the WHO‐5 well‐being index. Cross‐lagged path models (crude/adjusted) tested the directionality of relationships between lifestyle (composite score/individual components) and well‐being cross‐sectionally and over time in pregnancy.

Results

The mean early pregnancy BMI was 29.2 kg/m2. The mean well‐being score was 56.3% in early and 60.7% in late pregnancy. Significant autoregressive effects were observed for the HLS, all individual components, and well‐being from early to late pregnancy. Well‐being was positively correlated with the HLS, physical activity, and sleep variables within time points (in early and/or late pregnancy). Sleep and no smoking in early pregnancy predicted higher well‐being in late pregnancy.

Conclusions

Overall healthy lifestyle, physical activity, and especially sleep duration and quality are associated with psychological well‐being in pregnancy, and should be promoted antenatally.
Imino and Thioureidic Derivatives as New Tools for Alzheimer's Disease: Preliminary Studies
Authors: Caruso Anna , Tommonaro Giuseppina , Vassallo Antonio , Paris Debora , Monné Magnus , Catalano Alessia , Sinicropi Maria Stefania , Saturnino Carmela
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative chronic disease with a severe social and economic impact in the societies, which still lacks an efficient therapy. Several pathophysiological events (β‐amyloid [Aβ] deposits, τ‐protein aggregation, loss of cholinergic activity, and oxidative stress) occurs in the progression of the disease. Therefore, the search for efficient multi‐targeted agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease becomes indispensable. In this paper we evaluated the AChE inhibition by Ellman's method and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay of nine synthetic compounds: two hydroxy‐benzene derivatives (1 and 2), three bis‐thioureidic derivatives (3–5), two imidazole derivatives (6 and 7), and two phenylacetamide derivatives (8 and 9). The compound 2, (3s,5s,7s)‐adamantan‐1‐yl 4‐(((E)‐2,5‐dihydroxybenzylidene)amino)benzoate, exhibited the best antioxidant activity (30.00 ± 1.05 μM eq Trolox) and compound 4 showed the highest AChE inhibition value (IC50 [μM] 8.40 ± 0.32). In the search for a compound showing combined activities (antioxidant and AChE inhibition), the compound 4, octane‐1,8‐diyl‐bis‐S‐amidinothiourea dihydrobromide, (19.02 ± 1.52 μM eq Trolox; IC50 [μM] 8.40 ± 0.32) was chosen to carry out a molecular docking study. The results showed that compound 4 has the ability to bind the active site of acetylcholinesterase with considerable affinity (estimated binding energies of −8.5 kcal/mol). All data indicate that compound 4 has the potential to be further investigated as a possible candidate in the Alzheimer's disease treatment.
Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs regulates inflammasome activation via oxidative stress: A novel mechanism for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Praveen Irene Mary , Calivarathan Latchoumycandane
Published: January 2025

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to hallmark motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, tremors, and rigidity. Emerging evidence suggests that the dysregulation or aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of PD by activating the inflammasome, either directly or via oxidative stress. Aberrant lncRNA expression has been linked to alterations in genes related to oxidative stress, causing an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses. This imbalance contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal damage. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex comprising a sensor protein (eg, NLRP3), an adaptor protein (ASC), and an effector protein (caspase‐1). Its activation involves priming via NF‐κB signaling and is triggered by ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction, death‐associated molecular patterns, or extracellular ATP. Once activated, the inflammasome promotes the cleavage and maturation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18, amplifying neuroinflammation and leading to neurodegeneration in PD. Crosstalk between dysregulated lncRNAs, ROS production, and inflammasome activation creates a vicious cycle of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, exacerbating PD progression. This review explores the molecular mechanisms linking lncRNA dysregulation to inflammasome activation in PD, either directly or through oxidative stress. It also highlights key lncRNAs involved in these processes. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways, such as antioxidants, lncRNA modulators, and inflammasome inhibitors, offer promising avenues to mitigate neuroinflammation and slow neurodegeneration in PD.
Sex‐based analysis of status epilepticus management and outcome: A cohort study
Authors: Tziakouri Andria , Novy Jan , Rossetti Andrea O.
Published: January 2025

Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. The role of sex as a factor influencing the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of SE has been scarcely addressed. This study investigates this variable regarding the clinical management and outcome among adult patients with SE. We retrospectively analyzed the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) Status Epilepticus Registry (SERCH) over a 10‐year period, including 961 SE episodes in 831 patients (56.82% male; 43.18% female), excluding post‐axonic cases. There were no statistically significant differences in age, potentially fatal etiology, or pre‐treatment consciousness impairment between sexes. Male patients were slightly younger (mean age 61 vs 64 years, p =.03), had a higher prevalence of prior seizures (54.76% vs 47.9%, p = .04), and were more likely to present with generalized convulsive SE (51.5% vs 41%), whereas female patients exhibited a higher frequency of focal unaware SE (31.7% vs 22.1%, global p = .02). Treatment strategies were similar across sexes, with benzodiazepines as first‐line therapy in over 80% of cases, levetiracetam being the most frequently prescribed second‐line treatment, followed by valproate and lacosamide. Development of refractory SE was comparable between sexes (54% in both, p = .92); outcomes at discharge were also similar. SE refractoriness and return to baseline conditions remained similar after multivariable adjustment for potential confounders. Overall, our results suggest comparable SE management, treatment responsiveness and outcomes between men and women.
Social networks and help‐seeking among Korean immigrant intimate partner violence survivors
Authors: Kim Jeongsuk , Kim Chunrye
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study investigated help‐seeking behaviors among Korean immigrant women facing intimate partner violence (IPV) and examined how their social networks influence the help‐seeking process.

Background

Although existing research highlights the role of social networks in supporting IPV survivors, limited studies explore how these networks specifically impact Korean immigrant women's help‐seeking experiences.

Method

We conducted in‐depth interviews with 16 Korean immigrant women who self‐identified as IPV survivors. Interviews occurred either in person at our New York office or via online or phone interviews. Thematic analysis was employed for data analysis.

Results

Two primary themes emerged regarding Korean immigrants' help‐seeking behavior in IPV situations: (a) passive help‐seeking within interpersonal networks and (b) active help‐seeking through ethnic‐based online networks. Korean women tended to avoid disclosing IPV and seeking help from family or local church members. Instead, they often preferred to seek anonymous support through ethnic‐based online platforms.

Conclusions

Existing interpersonal networks were rarely used as a route for seeking help, primarily due to cultural norms and stigma. However, online Korean communities emerged as a meaningful resource, facilitating connections with others facing similar challenges and providing anonymous support.

Implications

To facilitate IPV disclosure and better support abused Korean immigrants, we should promote and enhance online platforms that offer confidential emotional support, information, and resources.
β‐Diversity Scaling Patterns Across Different Bioregionalisations for a Megadiverse Neotropical Fish Family
Authors: Guedes Gustavo Henrique Soares , Santangelo Jayme Magalhães , Pires Aliny Patrícia Flauzino , Araújo Francisco Gerson
Published: January 2025

Aim

Bioregionalisation frameworks represent unique assemblages of species resulting from geographic isolation and environmental heterogeneity. Understanding how different bioregionalisations capture community compositional variation is crucial, as underlying patterns and processes are scale‐dependent. This study aimed to (1) explore the underlying ecological processes through the decomposition of beta diversity (turnover and nestedness); (2) identify which bioregionalisation framework offers the optimal spatial granularity for distinguishing between communities; and (3) evaluate the effective number of compositionally distinct areas.

Location

Neotropical domain.

Taxon

Rivulidae—annual species.

Methods

Presence–absence data of fish species were analysed using pairwise β‐diversity and hierarchical clustering methods (UPGMA) and compared with 14 comprehensive bioregionalisation frameworks, including terrestrial ecoregions (TEOW), freshwater ecoregions (FEOW), neotropical provinces and watersheds (HydroBasins).

Results

The study revealed that (1) turnover is the dominant component of β‐diversity, surpassing nestedness across all bioregionalisation frameworks; (2) turnover increases non‐linearly as regionalisation area decreases, with a threshold identified beyond which further area reduction does not significantly increase turnover; and (3) the optimal spatial granularity for bioregionalisation is achieved at smaller watershed scales (146–414 km2), where turnover is maximised and the optimal number of bioregions (> 180) is identified.

Main Conclusions

Turnover patterns are linked to factors such as high endemism, low dispersal capacity and the significant isolation of temporary wetlands. The scale dependence of β‐diversity is influenced not only by the area of bioregionalisations but also by the underlying design of these units, such as those based on hydrogeomorphological features (HydroBasins) or taxon distribution patterns (FEOW and TEOW). Finer spatial scales are more effective for assessing biodiversity patterns for endemic taxa and in habitats with low connectivity. These findings can enhance the understanding of how bioregionalisation frameworks reflect species compositional variation, with important implications for interpreting ecological patterns and developing scale‐dependent conservation strategies.
The Effect of Hope Level and Self‐Concept on Peer Victimization Among Adolescents in Rural Areas of Turkey: A Path Analysis
Authors: Genç Fatma Zehra , Yıldız Suzan , Bilgili Naile
Published: January 2025

Problem

Early adolescence (10–14 years) is a critical period in which peer victimization (PV) is common. In protecting, maintaining, and improving the health of adolescents, it is important to detect PV and evaluate its relationship with the level of hope and self‐concept. This study aimed to determine the PV situation of adolescents living in rural areas and establish the effect of the level of hope and self‐concept on this situation.

Method

This research was conducted with 830 adolescents studying at 7 secondary schools in rural Turkey. The predictive model study was conducted between May and June 2023. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Peer Victimization Scale, the Children's Hope Scale, and Piers‐Harris Children's Self‐Concept Scale. Path analysis were used to evaluate the data.

Findings

It was determined that the level of PV was low, the level of hope was high, and the self‐concept was moderate in adolescents living in rural areas. It was found that hope had a negative effect (β = −0.339; p < 0.001) and self‐concept had a positive effect (β = 0.284; p < 0.001) on PV.

Conclusions

Of the PV cases, 19.6% were explained with hope and self‐concept in adolescents. It was concluded that hope and self‐concept had a protective role in PV. This study results can be used by researchers to guide PV studies targeting adolescents living in rural areas and structure intervention studies aimed at preventing victimization. Being aware of protective factors, such as strengthening the individual's internal mechanisms such as self‐concept and hope, may be important for interventions against PV.
Bringing the EU Back In: Rethinking the United Kingdom's Post‐Brexit Bilateralism
Authors: Davies Cleo , Kassim Hussein
Published: January 2025

Although the bilateral deals it has struck with European neighbours are a key element of the United Kingdom's post‐Brexit diplomacy, it would be a mistake to view these understandings as evidence that the United Kingdom has escaped the EU's influence or orbit. Since the United Kingdom's co‐signatories are bound by their legal and political commitments as EU member states, the deals they can conclude with non‐members are limited. Inspired by the work of John Erik Fossum and his collaborators on post‐Brexit Norway–UK relations, this article argues that the United Kingdom's interaction with EU member states forms one side of a triangular relationship constrained by both the obligations on the United Kingdom's European partners qua member states and EU–UK agreements. Drawing on a systematic analysis of UK bilaterals signed with EU countries since 2021, it shows how their form, scope and content are thereby limited by these constraints, with important implications for the United Kingdom's strategy of bilateralism post‐Brexit.
Spillovers in Crowdfunding
Authors: Belleflamme Paul , Lambert Thomas , Schwienbacher Armin
Published: January 2025

We use novel entrepreneur‐backer data to study the extent to which spillovers arise between projects displayed on crowdfunding platforms. We find that backers decide to back a particular project based on past contributions not only to that project—as documented by prior work—but also to other contemporaneous projects—a novel result. Our difference‐in‐differences estimates indicate that such “cross‐project spillovers” account for 4% in the increase of contributions that projects generate on a daily basis. We show that recurrent backers are an important transmission channel of cross‐project spillovers: By initiating social learning about project existence and quality, recurrent backers encourage future funding by other backers. Our results demonstrate that even though contemporaneous projects compete for funding, they jointly benefit from their common presence on the platform. These findings have significant implications for digital platform management and competition dynamics.
Comparative Analysis Between Strip and Gels Indicated for at Home Bleaching: Analysis of Color Alteration, Roughness and Microhardness of Dental Enamel
Authors: Aidar K. M. S. , Cintra L. T. A. , Ferreira M. C. B. , Fagundes T. C. , Esteves L. M. B. , Goto J. , Catelan A. , Briso A. L. F.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To compare the color alteration, surface roughness and microhardness and cross‐sectional microhardness of bovine enamel treated with at‐home whitening strips and gels.

Materials and Methods

Sixty‐six pigmented specimens (n = 11) were allocated to six groups: C—cotton wool moistened with distilled water for 1 h; SDS—sodium dithionite strip, for 1 h; HPS—6.5% hydrogen peroxide strip, for 1 h; CPS—20% carbamide peroxide strip, for 1 h; HPG—7.5% hydrogen peroxide gel, for 1 h; CPG—10% carbamide peroxide gel, for 4 h. The treatments lasted 10 days, calculating the ∆E, ∆E00, and ∆WID at baseline, 5 and 10 days, and 14 days after completion. Additional 66 polished discs (n = 11) were used to analyze the surface roughness and microhardness of enamel before and after bleaching, cross‐sectional microhardness and integrated mineral loss (ΔZ; %Vol × μm). Data were subjected to statistical analysis by two‐way Anova RM and Tukey post‐test (α = 0.05).

Results

In ∆E and ∆WID analysis, greater values were obtained in CPG (p < 0.001), followed by HPG and HPS (p = 0.271). SDS and CPS (p < 0.001) exceeded only C (p < 0.001). In ∆E00, at completion of treatments, the results were similar; however, HPG = HPS = CPS (p = 0.237). There was an increase in roughness and decrease in surface microhardness in all bleaching groups (p < 0.005). Concerning the cross‐sectional microhardness, the treatments were equal to C at 150 μm, the last depth analyzed. For ΔZ, the values of SDS, CPS, HPG, and CPG groups showed similar mineral loss (p > 0.001), and the lowest value was exhibited in the Control group, followed by HPS group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Although the strips were aesthetically effective, the CPG and HPG groups presented highest values in the ∆E00 and ∆WID analysis. However, all treatments influenced the enamel surface, increasing roughness and decreasing surface and transverse microhardness.

Clinical Relevance

The whitening gels promoted greater chromatic changes, but all treatments affected the enamel surface, increasing roughness and decreasing surface and transverse microhardness.
Beating Cardiac Cell Cultures From Different Developmental Stages of Rainbow Trout as a Novel Approach for Replication of Cardiac Fish Viruses
Authors: Krebs Torben , Bauer Julia , Graff Sarah , Teich Lukas , Sterneberg Markus , Gebert Marina , Seibel Henrike , Seeger Bettina , Hellmann John , Wessel Øystein , Rimstad Espen , Surachetpong Win , Steinhagen Dieter , Jung‐Schroers Verena , Adamek Mikolaj
Published: January 2025

Piscine orthoreovirus‐1 and 3 (PRV‐1, PRV‐3) cause highly prevalent infection in cultured salmonids and can induce heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) resulting in economic losses in aquaculture. However, to date, PRV‐1 and PRV‐3 have withstood replication in continuous cell lines. In this study, we used beating heart cell cultures obtained from different developmental stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (RTC‐L and RTC‐A) and tested their ability to sustain replication of PRV‐1 and PRV‐3. Furthermore, we compared the replication pattern of the different viruses with those in the newly developed heart fibroblast cell line (RTH‐F) and the traditional established rainbow trout gonad cell line (RTG‐2). Neither RTCs nor RTH‐F cell lines supported replication of PRV‐1 and PRV‐3. Comparative experiments showed varying susceptibility of the novel cultures to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), chum salmon reovirus (CSV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV), salmonid alphavirus 3 (SAV‐3) and tilapia lake virus (TiLV), indicating their usability for work with multiple fish viruses. While confirming the difficulty of replicating PRV‐1 and PRV‐3, the results demonstrate the potential of novel heart‐derived cell cultures as in vitro tools for studying fish viruses.
Brain Transcriptome Changes Associated With an Acute Increase of Protein O‐GlcNAcylation and Implications for Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Bell Margaret B. , Kane Mariame S. , Ouyang Xiaosen , Young Martin E. , Jegga Anil G. , Chatham John C. , Darley‐Usmar Victor , Zhang Jianhua
Published: January 2025

Enhancing protein O‐GlcNAcylation by pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme O‐GlcNAcase (OGA) has been considered as a strategy to decrease tau and amyloid‐beta phosphorylation, aggregation, and pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is still more to be learned about the impact of enhancing global protein O‐GlcNAcylation, which is important for understanding the potential of using OGA inhibition to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the acute effect of pharmacologically increasing O‐GlcNAc levels, using the OGA inhibitor Thiamet G (TG), in normal mouse brains. We hypothesized that the transcriptome signature in response to a 3 h TG treatment (50 mg/kg) provides a comprehensive view of the effect of OGA inhibition. We then performed mRNA sequencing of the brain using NovaSeq PE 150 (n = 5 each group). We identified 1234 significant differentially expressed genes with TG versus saline treatment. Functional enrichment analysis of the upregulated genes identified several upregulated pathways, including genes normally down in AD. Among the downregulated pathways were the cell adhesion pathway as well as genes normally up in AD and aging. When comparing acute to chronic TG treatment, protein autophosphorylation and kinase activity pathways were upregulated, whereas cell adhesion and astrocyte markers were downregulated in both datasets. AMPK subunit Prkab2 was one gene in the kinase activity pathway, and the increase after acute and chronic treatment was confirmed using qPCR. Interestingly, mitochondrial genes and genes normally down in AD were up in acute treatment and down in chronic treatment. Data from this analysis will enable the evaluation of the mechanisms underlying the impact of OGA inhibition in the treatment of AD. In particular, OGA inhibitors appear to have downstream effects related to bioenergetics which may limit their therapeutic benefits.

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A novel workflow for multi‐modal imaging of musculoskeletal tissues
Authors: König Anya , Cavanagh Brenton L. , Amado Isabel , Kalra Amit , Ogon Bohnejie A. , Hinton Paige V. , Kennedy Oran D.
Published: January 2025

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) musculoskeletal conditions are a leading contributor to disability worldwide. This fact is often somewhat overlooked, since musculoskeletal conditions are less likely to be associated with mortality. Nonetheless, treatments, therapies and management of these conditions are extremely costly to national healthcare systems. As with all systemic conditions, biomedical imaging of relevant tissues plays a major role in understanding the fundamental biological processes involved in musculoskeletal health. However, the skeletal system with its relatively large proportion of dense, opaque (often mineralised) tissues can often be more challenging to image, and recently important advances have been made in imaging these complex musculoskeletal tissues. Thus, we here describe a novel workflow in which recent advanced imaging techniques have been modified and optimised for use in musculoskeletal tissues (specifically bone and cartilage). This will allow for investigations, of different phases of these tissues, at new and higher resolutions. Furthermore, the process has been designed to fit with the existing and standard processes which are typically used with these samples (i.e. μCT imaging and standard histology). The additional modalities which have been included here are second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, tissue clearing, specifically the Passive Clear Lipid‐exchanged Acrylamide‐hybridised Rigid Imaging Tissue hYdrogel (CLARITY) method known as PACT, and then imaging of these tissues with confocal, multiphoton and light‐sheet microscopy. This paper serves to introduce a combination of existing new methods and improvements in imaging of musculoskeletal tissues.
The Effect of Swing on Stress and Comfort in Premature Newborns: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Karakoç Hediye , Çiftçi Arzu , Ayhan Büşra
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of swing on stress and comfort in premature newborns who could not be reunited with their mothers.

Methods

The study was conducted in a randomised controlled experimental design. The intervention group included newborns who received swing intervention (n = 64) and the control group included newborns who did not receive swing intervention (n = 64). Research data were collected using Newborn Information Form, Premature Infant Comfort Scale and ALPS neo newborn pain and stress assessment scale. The research data were collected two times, before and after the intervention was completed.

Result

Experimental and control groups were similar regarding descriptive characteristics. There was no difference between the groups after the swing intervention (p > 0.05). It was determined that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of comfort levels before and after the swing intervention (p > 0.05). When the intra‐group mean scores were compared, it was determined that the comfort level increased in the intervention group before and after the swing intervention, and there was a significant difference between the mean scores (p = 0.028).

Conclusion

It was determined that swing intervention did not affect the stress and comfort level of the newborn.
Intraspecific Morphological Discrimination Between the Stocks of Schizothorax curvifrons (Sattar Gad), Inhabiting the Water Bodies of Cold Indian Himalayan Region, Using Truss Network System
Authors: Akhter Gulshan , Ahmed Imtiaz , Ahmad Syed Mudasir
Published: January 2025

Identification of Schizothorax curvifrons (Sattar gad) stocks in Kashmir water bodies is crucial for the conservation of species that are losing ground daily. Because of substantial overfishing and pollution in the fish's natural environment, the wild population of these fishes is drastically dropping, which is a troubling situation that justifies a high priority for conservation. Fish populations can acquire morphometric variations as a result of prolonged isolation and interbreeding. The goal of this study was to use the truss network approach to delineate the stock structure of S. curvifrons based on morphological attributes. A total of 167 fish specimens were gathered from the three sampling stations of Kashmir waters, viz. Telbal Nallah, Dal Lake and Anchar Lake. A total of 37 truss distance measurements were established by joining 15 morphometric landmark points on the fish body. For the fish species currently targeted, MANCOVA demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) morphological heterogeneity among sampling locations. Univariate ANOVA test showed statistically significant differences in 21 out of the total 37 studied morphometric variables among the three sampling sites for S. curvifrons. Based on principal component analysis, the first component (PC1) explained the maximum amount of variation in samples, which is 26.9%. The second component (PC2) contributes 16.5%, and the third (PC3) 10.3% of the total variance. Wilk's lambda test found substantial (p < 0.001) differences in the morphometric measures of the fish across all sampling sites. The discriminant function analysis identified two morphological indices that explained 58.8% and 42.2% of the differences between the groups. Discriminant function analysis further revealed 84.6% correctly classified individuals into their respective populations. The findings from this investigation can be used to develop stock‐specific management and conservation strategies for the long‐term protection of S. curvifrons in Kashmir water bodies.
From preschool to policy: A scoping review of recommended interventions for a systems approach to improve dietary intake in early childhood
Authors: Chan Jacqueline , Conroy Patrick , Phongsavan Philayrath , Raubenheimer David , Allman‐Farinelli Margaret
Published: January 2025

Early childhood is a key opportunity to establish healthy eating behaviors and prevent future non‐communicable diseases associated with poor diets. How to effectively intervene in the system of the many determinants influencing children's dietary intake remains unclear. This scoping review aimed to map the determinants of nutrition and eating that have been addressed in early childhood nutrition interventions and identify which of these improve dietary intake. We searched six electronic databases to identify eligible studies published from January 2000 to January 2024. We included studies of any interventions reporting dietary intake among children aged between two and five years. A total of 193 eligible studies were identified and mapped to the Determinants of Nutrition and Eating (DONE) Framework. Parent (n = 97) and child (n = 76) food knowledge and skills were most frequently addressed. Most studies addressing parent (67%) and child (66%) food knowledge and skills reported improvements in dietary intake. Government regulations such as healthy food subsidies, and food advertising and labeling interventions showed promised, with 82% of studies reporting improvements in dietary intake. However, these interventions were predominantly implemented in the United States and Chile. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic map of a range of interventions that positively influence nutritional outcomes in preschool‐aged children but recommends further policy‐level action globally.
Developing an Open Data Intermediation Business Model: Insights From the Case of Esri
Authors: Shaharudin Ashraf , van Loenen Bastiaan , Janssen Marijn
Published: January 2025

Despite the many promises of open data, numerous challenges inhibit its full potential, such as its poor or inconsistent quality, a lack of complementary assets, and the limited skills of data providers and end‐users. Open data intermediaries are instrumental in addressing some of these challenges. They provide specialized resources and capabilities to enhance the supply, flow, or use of open data, or strengthen the relationships among various open data ecosystem (ODE) actors. However, in‐depth studies on open data intermediation business models are limited, with most having only offered birds‐eye views of those business models. This deficiency has limited our knowledge to develop open data intermediation business models that contribute positively to the ODE. In the geospatial domain, Esri is an important open data intermediary, having been involved in such a role since the 1990s. This article unpacks Esri's open data intermediation business model and analyses its current strengths and weaknesses as well as its potential opportunities and threats to the ODE. Finally, this article recommends factors to consider in developing an open data intermediation business model that supports the sustainability of the ODE.
Transfusion efficacy of leucoreduced packed red blood cells prepared by two different methods: A randomized controlled trial in transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia patients (FUEL trial)
Authors: Arunkumari Adhikarimayum , Jain Ashish , Malhotra Sheetal , Dhawan Hari Krishan , Peyam Srinivasan , Kumari Sangeeta , Sharma Ratti Ram
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

Great variations may be observed in the haemoglobin (Hb) content of packed red blood cell (PRBC) units prepared by different methods. This study aimed to assess the Hb increment in thalassaemia major patients transfused with leucoreduced PRBCs (LPRBCs) prepared by two different methods: (i) standard leucoreduced PRBCs (SLPRBCs) and (ii) leucoreduced PRBCs prepared by a new method where leucoreduction of whole blood is done first (NLPRBCs).

Materials and Methods

This prospective, randomized, controlled trial included 80 adult thalassaemia major patients who were randomized into two groups of 40 each. Group I patients received SLPRBC and those of Group II received NLPRBC transfusions for 3 months.

Results

SLPRBCs had a mean (±SD) volume of 275.50 ± 17.07 mL, while it was 316.46 ± 1.42 mL for NLPRBCs (p < 0.001). The mean Hb content of SLPRBCs was 50.60 ± 5.12 g, while that of NLPRBCs was 56.98 ± 5.92 g (p < 0.001). The mean Hb increment in Group I patients was 2.11 ± 0.89 g/dL, while that of Group II patients was 2.48 ± 0.88 g/dL (p < 0.001). The mean transfusion interval for Group I patients was 20.30 ± 3.75 days, while it was 21.34 ± 5.13 days for Group II patients (p < 0.045). A significant positive correlation was observed between the Hb dose transfused and the Hb increment with both SLPRBC (ρ = 0.4, p < 0.001) and NLPRBC (ρ = 0.19, p = 0.011) transfusions.

Conclusion

NLPRBCs had significantly higher Hb content than the SLPRBCs, leading to a better Hb increment post transfusion, which may potentially prolong the transfusion interval in thalassaemia major patients.
Time-Varying Autoregressive Models for Economic Forecasting
Authors: Inayati Syarifah , Iriawan Nur , Irhamah
Published: January 2025

This research introduces a time-varying autoregressive (TVAR) model, developed to improve the precision of forecasting in economic time series data. The model advances the conventional TVAR framework by incorporating potential mean adjustments and utilizing the Kalman Filter within a Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) framework, with further optimization through the NelderMead method. Applied to the real gross national product (GNP) data of the United States (U.S.), the model effectively captures dynamic patterns and structural changes that traditional models often overlook. The model’s performance is rigorously compared with the widely used Markov switching autoregressive (MSAR) model, demonstrating superior results in both training and testing forecasts. The TVAR model consistently achieves lower error metrics, underscoring its robustness and flexibility in capturing dynamic economic trends and providing reliable forecasts. This research emphasizes the TVAR models potential for broader applications in economic policy analysis, strategic planning, and decision-making processes, particularly in understanding and predicting economic growth. The models adaptability and precision make it a valuable tool for economists and policymakers aiming to navigate complex economic fluctuations with greater confidence as well as accuracy.
Gradient-Free Aerodynamic Optimization With Structural Constraints and Surge Line Control for Radial Compressor Stage
Authors: Schaffrath Robert , Nicke Eberhard , Forsthofer Nicolai , Kunc Oliver , Voß Christian
Published: January 2025

The concept and design of high-temperature heat pumps (HTHP) including their components for specific temperature needs is a time-consuming and interdisciplinary task. Especially, the design of compressor geometries have a big impact on the overall performance and the initial costs of the system. For this reason, in this work, an automated aerodynamic gradient-free optimization including structural constraints for the geometry of a radial compressor impeller blade as well as diffusor vane geometry for water steam, that is applied in a reverse Rankine cycle-based HTHP, is presented. The objective of the optimization is the isentropic efficiency in the aerodynamic design point (ADP) of the compressor. The requirements for the cycle simulation of the whole HTHP system and structural needs are satisfied by constraints for pressure ratio, mass flowrate, and limits for stresses in the blade and disk geometry. The optimization method is based on evolutionary algorithms and stochastical surrogate models. Additionally, a highly throttled operating point is regarded to achieve an acceptable distance to the surge line. These types of optimization problems are often characterized by many unconverged iterations due to unstable computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. To encounter this, a study of the optimization process with different surrogate models is presented. The results are discussed with respect to convergence history as well as objective and constraint improvement.
Remote plasma assisted processing and semiconductor interface electronic structure
Authors: Brillson Leonard J.
Published: January 2025

The development of remote plasma-assisted treatment of semiconductors has helped to drive microelectronics into the nanoscale regime. Dr. Gerry Lucovsky’s pivotal role in this development has made an impact not only in the realization of ultralow defect densities in SiO2/Si transistor junctions but also in the understanding and control of a wide range of semiconductor interfaces. Here, we show how this technique has expanded our understanding of electronic interfaces beyond the Si interface to many different compound semiconductors.
Supplemental Material: Glendonites as proxy for gas hydrate in paleoseeps: Evidence from the Outer Carpathians (Poland)
Authors: Giunti Stefano , Bojanowski Maciej J.
Published: January 2025

Additional images, detailed methods, isotopic dataset, and EPMA results.
Patient perspective on predictive models in healthcare: translation into practice, ethical implications and limitations?
Authors: Markham Sarah
Published: January 2025

In this perspective article, we consider the use of predictive models in healthcare and associated challenges. We will argue that patients can play a valuable role in supporting the safe and practicable embedding of such tools and provide some examples.
Associations between local COVID-19 policies and anxiety in the USA: a longitudinal digital cohort study
Authors: Cozen Aaron E , Hamad Rita , Park Soo , Marcus Gregory M , Olgin Jeffrey E , Faulkner Modrow Madelaine , Chiang Amy , Brandner Matthew , Orozco Jaime H , Azar Kristen , Sudat Sylvia E K , Isasi Carmen R , Williams Natasha , Ozluk Pelin , Kitzman Heather , Knight Sara J , Sanchez-Birkhead Ana , Kornak John , Carton Thomas , Pletcher Mark
Published: January 2025

Introduction

A lack of coordinated federal guidance led to substantial heterogeneity in local COVID-19 policies across US states and counties. Local government policies may have contributed to increases in anxiety and mental health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We analysed associations between composite policy scores for containment and closure, public health or economic support from the US COVID-19 County Policy Database and self-reported anxiety scores (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7) from COVID-19 Citizen Science participants between 22 April 2020 and 31 December 2021.

Results

In 188 976 surveys from 36 711 participants in 100 counties across 28 states, associations between anxiety and containment and closure policy differed by employment (p<0.0001), with elevated anxiety under maximal policy for people working in hospitality and food services (+1.05 vs no policy; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.64) or arts and entertainment (+0.56; 95% CI 0.15, 0.97) and lower anxiety for people working in healthcare (−0.43; 95% CI −0.66 to –0.20) after adjusting for calendar time, county-specific effects and COVID-19 case rates and death rates. For public health policy, associations differed by race and ethnicity (p=0.0016), with elevated anxiety under maximal policy among participants identifying as non-Hispanic Black (+1.71; 95% CI 0.26, 3.16) or non-Hispanic Asian (+0.74; 95% CI 0.05, 1.43) and lower anxiety among Hispanic participants (−0.63, 95% CI −1.26 to –0.006). Associations with public health policy also differed by gender (p<0.0001), with higher anxiety scores under maximal policy for male participants (+0.42, 95% CI 0.09, 0.75) and lower anxiety for female participants (−0.40, 95% CI −0.67 to –0.13). There were no significant differential associations between economic support policy and sociodemographic subgroups.

Conclusions

Associations between local COVID-19 policies and anxiety varied substantially by sociodemographic characteristics. More comprehensive containment policies were associated with elevated anxiety among people working in strongly affected sectors, and more comprehensive public health policies were associated with elevated anxiety among people vulnerable to racial discrimination.
Association of digital screen use during recess with physical activity behaviours in 10-year-old to 17-year-old Danish adolescents: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Grøntved Anders , Kristensen Peter Lund , Brønd Jan C , Gejl Anne Kær , Møller Niels C , Larsen Kristian T , Koch Sofie , Troelsen Jens , Brage Soren , Pedersen Natascha H
Published: January 2025

Background

The widespread ownership of digital devices among adolescents presents challenges and opportunities in schools, particularly during recess. This study aimed to examine the association of screen use during recess with physical activity behaviours.

Methods

The study was based on a population-based cross-sectional study including 1347 adolescents from 28 schools (2017–2018). Physical activity behaviours were assessed using thigh-attached accelerometers, worn 24/7 for up to 6 weekdays and 2 weekend days. We examined accelerometer data for all recess periods, aligned with each adolescent’s school schedule, along with leisure-time activity from the same days. Physical behaviours were classified during recess and leisure-time behaviour (negative control). Frequency of screen use during recess was based on self-report using a 5-point ordinal scale.

Results

Greater frequency of screen use during recess was associated with less time engaged in physically active behaviours and more time spent sitting, consistent with dose-dependent associations. In multivariable-adjusted analysis, adolescents with no screen use during recess spent an absolute 11.1% (95% CI 5.4 to 6.8) more of their recess time being physically active compared to those with frequent use. Based on the mean recess duration observed in the sample, adolescents not using screens during recess engaged in physical activities for an average of 44.9 min per day (95% CI 42.3 to 47.6), compared with 35.1 min (95% CI 26.0 to 44.3) for frequent screen users. Leisure time activities, used as a negative control, showed no link to screen use during recess.

Conclusion

Increased screen use during recess was associated with lower physical activity levels. These findings suggest that regulating digital device use during recess could enhance physical activity among adolescents.
Rethinking alcoholic foamy degeneration of the liver: a study of nine cases highlighting complex pathological findings
Authors: Jeyanesan Dhaarica , Antonello Alessandro , Cannon Mary , Zen Yoh
Published: January 2025

Aims

To reveal clinicopathological characteristics of alcoholic foamy degeneration (AFD)―an uncommon form of alcoholic liver injury.

Methods

Clinicopathological features of AFD (n=9) were examined in comparison to those of severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH; n=12).

Results

Patients with AFD presented with either biochemical liver dysfunction (n=1) or clinical jaundice (n=8). One case had undergone liver transplantation for alcohol-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma 2 years and 3 months before presentation. AFD cases were histologically classified into three groups. The non-jaundiced case had mixed macro- and microvesicular bland steatosis. Seven jaundiced cases showed more complex microscopic features with lobular inflammation, acidophilic bodies, cholestasis and lobular distortion. Hepatocytes were pleomorphic, some extensively enlarged with clear cytoplasm, somewhat resembling ballooning degeneration; however, it was mainly due to accumulated lipid droplets (‘pseudoballooning’). The remaining case also had predominant changes of AFD, but a few foci showed classical ballooning hepatocytes and Mallory–Denk bodies, in keeping with mixed AFD and steatohepatitis. When compared with patients with SAH, those with AFD had lower white blood cell and neutrophil counts and higher cholesterol levels (all p<0.001). On imaging, ascites and varices were less common in AFD than in SAH (11% vs 75%, p=0.014; 0% vs 67%, p=0.008, respectively). All seven patients with AFD who successfully abstained from alcohol experienced rapid improvement in liver function.

Conclusions

Microscopic findings of AFD are more complex than currently thought, and some cases may be mistaken for steatohepatitis. AFD may also develop in conjunction with steatohepatitis or following liver transplantation.