bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
F. J. E. Woodbridge in the Context of American Historiography
Authors: Chatzigeorgiou Konstantinos
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This paper offers a contextual and philosophical analysis of Woodbridge's 1916 The Purpose of History . It is maintained that Woodbridge's treatise can be fruitfully situated in a series of early twentieth century American historiographical debates. More specifically, Woodbridge's take on the writing of history is allied with the views of prominent 'New Historians', namely Frederick Jackson Turner, Carl Becker, Charles Beard, and James Harvey Robinson. Like his historian peers, Woodbridge emphasised the selectivity (or relativity) of historical practice, whilst simultaneously affirming history's 'scientific' status and social utility. If Woodbridge innovated, then it was due to his careful examination of the truth-aptness of historical claims and his detailed articulation and systematic defence of a properly pluralistic historiography.
Carrying Gold to California: "The Will to Believe" as a Work of Philosophy of Science
Authors: Fyfe A.T.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: William James argued that certain beliefs require a leap of faith before sufficient evidence becomes available—and his paradigm example of such beliefs is taken from science. Scientific knowledge often begins with a weakly supported and underdeveloped proposal, laden with contrary evidence, and plagued by internal inconsistencies. Consequently, the proposal often garners limited interest. Initially, a novel scientific proposal only appeals to a small group of scientists who instinctually find something in the proposal that strikes them as profoundly right. Motivated by faith, they are convinced that once the hypothesis has been further developed, revised, and its full promise made good on over the course of years or decades of hard work, that their early belief will ultimately be vindicated. The present paper contends that James' "The Will to Believe" justifies religious faith on precisely the same grounds. James' defense of faith is an attempt to apply his views about belief ahead of sufficient evidence in scientific knowledge formation to defend a religious believer's faith. The relationship between belief and evidence when it comes to the religious hypotheses is—as James puts it—analogous to California's gold. California is where one travels to bring gold back from, carrying gold to California is to get matters backwards; likewise, belief is the means of discovering scientific and religious truth, to demand evidence before belief is the wrong way around.
Kaleidoscopic Topics in the Music of György Ligeti and Thomas Adès
Authors: Donaldson James
Published: October 2024

This article applies the concept of isotopy to music to trace the dynamic appearances and interactions of topics in three works by György Ligeti and Thomas Adès. In contrast to previous applications of isotopy to music, the model I propose here is explicitly topic-centered, leading me to a complementary reconfiguring of Johanna Frymoyer’s hierarchy of topical characteristics. My theoretical adaptions are motivated by the observations that: (1) a topic’s identity is often unclear (".fn_cite($Frymoyer_2017).", ".fn_cite($SanchezKisielewska_2023)."), an ambiguity which can be exploited compositionally; (2) the same topic can recur at different degrees of clarity in a single work, leading the listener to draw out a larger structural role for the topic (isotopy) in lieu of clear formal processes in other parameters in this repertoire (harmony, rhythm, etc.); and (3) if multiple topics are engaged, they can relate to one another in formally significant ways. Using the Chorale topic as a case study, I first demonstrate a simple

closed isotopy in the second movement of Ligeti’s Violin Concerto, followed by

open isotopies of the Chorale and Sound Mass topics in Ligeti’s

Hamburg Concerto. Finally, in applying this approach to Thomas Adès’s Piano Quintet I demonstrate how an isotopic analysis can work in dialogue with the familiar trajectory of sonata form. This approach aims to draw out semantic aspects of Ligeti’s and Adès’s highly referential style, which is representative of late-twentieth century, semantically dense, post-collage compositions, filled with familiar topics shifting in and out of focus kaleidoscopically.
Using Artificial Intelligence tools to create a smart university to employ digital transformation in the sustainability of higher education development Applied study, White Nile University - Sudan, 2023
Authors: Salah Mohamed Ibrahim Ahmed  , Mahala Alzain Beraima Ahmed  , Salma Othman Mohammed Gasim Allah
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to introduce artificial intelligence and design a smart technology educational environment that works to develop digital capabilities and smart digitization in universities by using artificial intelligence methods to achieve the maximum level of education according to different capabilities and skills, raise the value of higher education and improve the quality of education. The problem of the study lies in the presence of real challenges in The field of education, due to the lack of interest in developing innovative tools to meet the needs of society. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach to define and analyze the conceptual framework for building a smart university that has all the elements of development and electronic renaissance. The study reached the most important results, including the impact of digital transformations on smart universities, and digital transformation achieves many goals. For students and faculty members, digital transformation helps faculty members cope with the increasing number of students, provides thousands of educational sites, and the most important recommendations of the study are preparing an integrated vision between the components of digital transformation and applying it to the smart university, providing the necessary insurance and security of information in the smart digital environment.
A review of strategic cash flow management models and their role in driving financial growth and sustainability for energy companies in developing markets
Authors: Tolulope Ogundipe  , Somto Emmanuel Ewim  , Ngodoo Joy Sam-Bulya
Published: October 2024

Effective cash flow management is critical to the financial health and sustainability of energy companies, particularly in developing markets where economic volatility and operational challenges can constrain growth. This review explores strategic cash flow management models and their impact on driving financial growth and sustainability for energy companies operating in these markets. It highlights the importance of optimizing working capital, leveraging debt and equity financing, and implementing robust risk management frameworks to ensure liquidity and long-term viability. The review categorizes the most prevalent cash flow management models used in energy companies, such as the Free Cash Flow (FCF) model, the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model, and the Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) model. Each model's relevance is analyzed in the context of fluctuating energy prices, regulatory changes, and currency instability, which are common issues in developing markets. Additionally, the role of digital tools and financial technologies (FinTech) in enhancing the precision and efficiency of cash flow forecasting and management is discussed. Key findings suggest that strategic cash flow management not only supports immediate liquidity needs but also positions energy companies for sustainable growth by optimizing investment opportunities and mitigating financial risks. A significant emphasis is placed on the need for agile financial planning, where scenario-based forecasting and adaptive cash flow strategies are essential to navigating uncertainties in the energy sector. Furthermore, the review underscores the importance of integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria into cash flow models, aligning financial sustainability with broader corporate responsibility goals. In conclusion, this review offers a comprehensive analysis of cash flow management strategies that are crucial for energy companies in developing markets, providing actionable insights into achieving financial resilience and long-term growth.
Comparative assessment of adiponectin and insulin resistance markers in obese and non-obese individuals in Owerri, Southeastern, Nigeria
Authors: Daniel Onyedikachi Dike  , Jude Anaelechi Onuegbu  , Chudi Emmanuel Dioka  , Japhet Madu Olisekodiaka  , Onyinyechi Ogechi Bede-Ojimadu  , Chidiadi MaryAnn Njoku  , Mabel A. Charles-Davis  , Emmanuel O Akhaumere
Published: October 2024

Background: The overwhelming rise in obesity is a disturbing public health concern in Nigeria. The superimposition of westernized diet on the existing high glycaemic traditional diet in the population is worrisome. In obese, adipose tissue dysfunction is characterized with dysregulations of adipokines (including adiponectin) and insulin resistance. Owerri, the capital of Imo State, Nigeria and slogan-labelled “entertainment capital of Nigeria” is highly an obesogenic environment with traditional perception of obesity as a mark of wellness and prosperity. The dearth of data on adiponectin and insulin resistance markers in this population is the spur for this research. Aim: To evaluate the variations in adiponectin and insulin resistance markers in the obese and non-obese Nigerians. Methods: A total of 140 individuals (70 obese and 70 non obese) aged between 25 and 60 years participated in this study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin and adiponectin were analyzed using standard laboratory techniques and insulin resistance indices (HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD) were mathematically determined. Results: Obese subjects had significantly lower adiponectin (p<0.05) but higher FPG (p<0.05) and insulin (p<0.05). Also, significant higher values of HOMA-IR (p<0.05) and HOMA-AD (p<0.05) were observed. Strong inverse associations were found between adiponectin and HOMA-AD (r = -0.699, p<0.01) and BMI correlated positively with all insulin resistance markers {(r = 0.266, p<0.05), HOMA-IR (r = 0.298, p<0.05) and HOMA-AD (r = 0.392, p<0.05)}. Conclusion: The findings of this study shows that the obese individuals may be at risk of future obesity related metabolic complications.
Analysis of politeness strategies in kῖmwῖmbῖ (E531) condolence messages
Authors: Loyford Kariuki Kinegeni  , Nancy Wangui Mbaka  , Humphrey Kirimi Ireri
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the politeness strategies used by condolers in expressing condolence in Kῖmwῖmbῖ. Death is a natural part of human life. Regardless of its cause, it is usually very painful and therefore, losing a loved one causes deep feelings of loss and sorrow not only to the family of the deceased but also to friends and relatives. The main purpose of expressing condolence is to convey sympathy or compassion to the bereaved. Yule (2017) argues that in linguistic politeness, face is the most important concept and claims that a person’s face in pragmatics is their public self-image. In expressing condolence, condolers threaten the face of the bereaved but also employ politeness strategies to formulate messages in order to save the bereaved’s face. The study adopted the qualitative and quantitative research approaches and used Brown and Levinson (1978) Politeness Theory. Politeness theory focuses on ‘saving face’ which is a key aspect in politeness. The study was conducted in Chogoria Division, Maara Subcounty, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to sample twenty condolence messages for analysis. A guiding card was used to categorize the condolence utterances with politeness strategies. The data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively providing explanation of these politeness strategies and giving their frequencies and percentages in tables. It was established that the four politeness strategies proposed in the politeness theory are used in expressing condolence in Kῖmwῖmbῖ, with positive politeness strategy being the most used. The findings add to the existing knowledge in pragmatics, especially on politeness and burial discourse. Similarly, the study provides data which can be used to compare with other languages hence aiding in generalizing conclusions of condolence speech act.
Corruption minimization systems based on the detection of abnormal financial transactions: A Perspective of Bangladesh
Authors: Md. Hafizur Rahman  , B. M. Salahuddin  , Rebina Ferdous  , M. Naderuzzaman  , M. A. Kashem
Published: October 2024

Corruption is a pervasive and detrimental phenomenon in Bangladesh, affecting both moral values and economic prosperity. Upon reviewing the "quarterly anti-corruption commission report" released by the anti-corruption commission, it appears that corruption is widespread across all sectors in Bangladesh. We cannot build a corruption-free Bangladesh by changing ethics overnight. We do not want to change our moral values, but we want to build a corruption-free Bangladesh. I think we have not made much progress in eradicating or curbing corruption. “Money is the root of corruption." 80% of corruption is for money, so only monitoring money transactions can reduce corruption. Monitoring of money transactions requires migration to a cashless society. In a cashless society, financial transactions are conducted without the use of physical money, such as banknotes and coins. Instead, transactions are completed through digital means, such as credit and debit cards, mobile payments, and online banking. Digital payments are often faster and more convenient than cash transactions. Corruption can be reduced by using the proposed artificial intelligence-based system to detect anomalous digital transactions.
Cyber threats in the age of artificial intelligence: Exploiting advanced technologies and strengthening cybersecurity
Authors: Driss ABBADI
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has led to the emergence of new and complex cyber threats. These threats rely on AI capabilities to target digital systems and infrastructures with greater precision and efficiency, making them more difficult to detect and counter. AI is being used to develop automated cyber-attacks, such as malware that can adapt and learn from its digital environment. Conversely, AI is also employed to enhance cyber security by enabling early threat detection, analyzing suspicious behaviors, and providing rapid responses to hacking incidents. Based on the above, the research idea we intend to present at this article on how to achieve a balance between leveraging AI technologies to protect digital systems and the growing risks associated with using these technologies to develop more sophisticated cyber-attacks. Research Methodologies: The study requires employing both the descriptive-analytical and inferential methodologies.
International disputes over joint oil and gas fields in the Arab east region
Authors: Saleem Farhan Jaythoom Aljebori
Published: October 2024

The international dispute over shared oil and gas reserves is a complex global matter with political, legal, and economic implications. Oil and gas are national assets that must be carefully managed. This study has addressed an essential issue commonly arising in conflicts among the countries in the Arab East region. Multiple oil contracts have been concluded, but these are critical for establishing the necessary groundwork for exploring and investing in shared oil and gas reserves. However, the exploitation and development of these common or trans-regional fields sometimes give rise to legal and political complications, adversely affecting the equitable development and investment of these shared, cross-border resources. This study examines the primary sources of dispute in the Arab East region and the absence of peaceful and suitable resolutions for the parties involved. A comprehensive analysis using a historical, descriptive, and analytical approach revealed multiple conflicts among the Arab East Region states around shared oil and gas reserves, including conflicts among Arab nations and Iran disputes. The intensity of these confrontations has hindered the utilization, advancement, and investment in shared resources, resulting in substantial losses for all countries involved.
Gastrointestinal helminths of Cattle slaughtered at Gwagwalada abattoir, federal capital territory, Nigeria
Authors: Sylvester Sunday Obeta  , Judah Egba Shaaba
Published: October 2024

Gastrointestinal parasites are widespread in cattle worldwide, causing both clinical and sub-clinical infections that can lead to significant financial losses. This study investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths infection in cattle slaughtered in the abattoir at Gwagwalada area council, federal capital territory, Nigeria. A total of 120 faecal samples were collected and analysed by flotation and sedimentation methods. The results revealed an overall prevalence of 26.67%. The helminths identified were Toxocara sp (5.00%), Schistosoma sp (10.83%), and Fasciola sp (10.83%). These findings were compared to existing studies, with variations attributed to differences in climatic conditions, management practices, and seasonal factors. Age, breed, and sex-specific analyses revealed significant differences in infection rates. While no helminth infection was found in young adult cattle (1≤3 years), a 31.37% prevalence was recorded in older adult cattle (≥3 years). Among the breeds examined, Sokoto Gudali showed the highest prevalence (100%), followed by White Fulani (26.42%) and Red Fulani (16.67%). A significant breed-related difference (p = 0.0001) was recorded. Additionally, male cattle exhibited a higher prevalence (31.37%) compared to (0.00%) in females. The study highlighted the impact of geographical, ecological, and environmental factors on helminths infection, as well as the need for strategic anthelmintic treatment, improved livestock management, and educational programs to control these infections. Regular monitoring and selective breeding may further contribute to long-term infection control in cattle populations.
The impact of anemia on prolonged ventilator use in critically ill patients: A literature review
Authors: Eillen Theodora  , Maulydia Maulydia
Published: October 2024

Anemia is a common condition associated with critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), where 60% of ICU patients experience anemia and 61% of anemic and tranfused patients present in the ICU require mechanical ventilation. The presence of anemia in critically ill patients is associated with increased risk of mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, and decreased oxygen-carrying capacity, potentially prolonging the need for mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation is the primary method of supporting organ function for patients receiving treatment in the ICU. According to epidemiological studies, up to 70% of patients hospitalized to the ICU require mechanical ventilation at some time during their stay. Studies regarding the correlation between anemia and the length of ventilator use are rarely known. Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting research on the correlation between anemia and length of ventilator use. This review is expected to be useful for enriching knowledge about the relationship between anemia and length of ventilator use in critically ill patients. However, further research is needed with more comprehensive variables to determine the impact of anemia on prolonged ventilator use, risk factors of weaning failure, pathogenesis of anemia, and treatment used in critically ill patients.
Optimizing talent management in creative industries: Theoretical insights into effective database utilization
Authors: Chinweizu Oham  , Onyinye Gift Ejike
Published: October 2024

This review paper explores the optimization of talent management in creative industries through the utilization of advanced database systems. Traditional talent management methods often lack the structure and objectivity provided by modern database-driven approaches, which leverage comprehensive talent profiles, advanced search algorithms, and robust analytics to enhance decision-making processes. Case studies from industry leaders like Pixar, Wieden+Kennedy, and Ubisoft illustrate the practical benefits of these technologies in recruitment, development, and overall talent optimization. The paper also discusses challenges such as data quality, privacy concerns, and resistance to change, providing practical recommendations for overcoming these obstacles. Creative industries can significantly improve their talent management practices by fostering a culture of data-driven decision-making and investing in comprehensive talent databases. Future research directions include the impact of AI and machine learning, integration of emerging technologies, and longitudinal studies on the effectiveness of database-driven approaches.
Creativity and collaboration in creative industries: Proposing a conceptual model for enhanced team dynamics
Authors: Chinweizu Oham  , Onyinye Gift Ejike
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the critical role of creativity and collaboration in the creative industries and presents a conceptual model designed to enhance team dynamics. The model integrates key components—structured communication strategies, shared leadership, and technology integration—to foster effective collaboration and drive innovation by addressing common challenges such as communication barriers, conflict, and role clarity. The model provides a flexible yet structured approach to overcoming obstacles, encouraging creativity, and producing higher-quality outputs. Additionally, it offers practical recommendations for implementation in various creative sectors. The paper concludes by suggesting future research directions, particularly regarding cultural diversity and the role of emerging technologies in team dynamics. Ultimately, the proposed model aims to create a more inclusive, adaptive, and innovative environment in creative teams, positioning them for sustained success in the evolving landscape of the creative industries.
Investigating the impact of nano copper on the electrical conductivity of aluminum: A comprehensive study utilizing fuzzy logic methods
Authors: Ali Bahadori manizani  , Leila Shafieian
Published: October 2024

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative field in material science, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance the electrical properties of conventional materials through the incorporation of nano-sized particles. In this extensive study, we explore the effects of varying weight percentages (1%, 2%, and 3%) and lengths (30 nm, 60 nm, 150 nm, and 250 nm) of nano copper on the electrical conductivity of aluminum (Al) across different temperatures (20°C, 50°C, and 100°C). Additionally, we investigate the predictive capabilities of fuzzy logic methods in forecasting the electrical conductivity variations of Al based on these parameters.
Diagnosis of open defecation in Yamoussoukro District (Central Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Kinanpara KONE  , Yao Francis KOUAME  , Tibo Fabrice BOMISSO  , Jean Renaud ALLOUKO  , Kotchi Yves BONY
Published: October 2024

The pathological landscape of Yamoussoukro district is dominated by environmental diseases (malaria, typhoid fever, respiratory infections). These diseases are linked to lack of sanitation and hygiene and open defecation. The objective of this study is to draw up an inventory of fixtures of sanitation in Yamoussoukro district and determine the reasons for the practice of open defecation and thus propose effective strategies to combat this practice. Methodology used consists of direct observation in the field and a household survey. The sampling technique adopted is that of Shawartz, with a sample size of 373 households. Initially, an inventory of the sanitation situation in the study localities was drawn up, revealing a sanitation problem with 62,34 % of households lacking latrines in Kpangbassou, 82,22% in Aboukro, and 82,14% in Duokro. Analysis of the reasons prompting communities to opt for open defecation (OD) highlights determining factors such as the absence of a law prohibiting it, cultural reasons, perceptions of populations, the low level of income and education of household heads. Although socio-economic factors play a predominant role in the adoption of this practice, it is essential to pay particular attention to the economic aspects. Following these results, solutions were proposed to OD. Suggested strategies include the CLTS / EcoSan approach, enhanced CLTS / EcoSan monitoring and community awareness raising.
Global renewable energy transition in fossil fuel dependent regions
Authors: Akinwale Ishola
Published: October 2024

The worldwide shift towards renewable energy, as defined by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, is a crucial milestone in achieving a sustainable future. The core focus of SDG 7 is to advance the accessibility, dependability, and environmentally-friendly nature of energy, aiming to substantially enhance the proportion of renewable energy sources and enhance energy efficiency. Although there have been significant developments in renewable energy, notably in solar and wind technologies, the rate of transition is still inadequate to achieve climate objectives. This study examines the imperative of implementing policy changes and integrated strategies to align global and local goals, while tackling the issues of resource allocation and the pressing need to transition away from fossil fuels in order to mitigate global temperature increase. Case studies showcase effective national endeavors, such as Brazil's Proalcool, Germany's Energiewende, and India's ambitious renewable energy objectives, illustrating diverse strategies for bolstering renewable energy capability. The report also analyzes the economic consequences for emerging nations that heavily rely on fossil fuels and the expected effects of reduced fossil fuel consumption. This article offers a detailed analysis of the current advancements, difficulties, and variations across different regions in the field of renewable energy. It gives valuable information on the future of global renewable energy plans, highlighting the importance of unified worldwide endeavors to attain a sustainable energy future.
The role of data governance in enhancing cybersecurity resilience for global enterprises
Authors: Vishal Kumar Seshagirirao Anil  , Adeoluwa Bennard Babatope
Published: October 2024

Data governance plays a critical role in enhancing cybersecurity resilience for global enterprises. In the face of increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, coupled with rising regulatory demands such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), enterprises must implement robust data governance frameworks to safeguard data integrity, availability, and confidentiality (Ramirez et al., 2008). Effective data governance involves a combination of policies, procedures, and technologies that align with an organization’s overall cybersecurity strategy (Khatri & Brown, 2010). This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the critical intersection between data governance and cybersecurity, emphasizing the link between governance structures, risk management processes, and technological innovations in mitigating evolving cyber threats (Weber et al., 2009). Additionally, we explore the essential role of data stewardship, stakeholder responsibilities, and the deployment of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), in fostering organizational resilience (Arora & Pedersen, 2017). Through case studies and best practices, the study presents a conceptual framework that enables global enterprises to adapt to the fast-changing cybersecurity landscape while maintaining compliance with international data regulations. By addressing key elements such as access control, data classification, and real-time monitoring, this research underscores how comprehensive data governance frameworks serve as a foundation for enhanced cybersecurity resilience in today’s digital economy (Da Veiga & Eloff, 2007).
Enhancing ethical standards in clinical trials: A deep dive into regulatory compliance, informed consent, and participant rights protection frameworks
Authors: Anita Jumai Ehidiamen  , Olajumoke Omolayo Oladapo
Published: October 2024

This study critically examines the ethical standards governing clinical trials, focusing on regulatory compliance, informed consent, and the protection of participant rights. The purpose is to assess the current ethical frameworks and explore emerging trends that shape the evolving landscape of clinical research. Through a detailed review of existing literature, this paper analyzes how global regulatory bodies and ethical guidelines, such as Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and the Declaration of Helsinki, guide the ethical conduct of trials while identifying gaps that have emerged due to advances in technology and the globalization of clinical research. Key findings reveal that while informed consent remains central to participant autonomy, challenges persist in ensuring true comprehension across diverse populations, particularly in the context of complex interventions and digital tools. The growing use of artificial intelligence (AI), decentralized trial designs, and precision medicine introduces both opportunities and ethical dilemmas, especially regarding data privacy, participant selection, and regulatory harmonization in multinational trials. Conclusions emphasize the need for adaptive ethical frameworks that address the unique risks and benefits associated with these emerging trends. Recommendations include strengthening global regulatory harmonization, enhancing transparency in AI-driven research, and ensuring that participant rights, particularly data security and informed consent, are prioritized in evolving clinical trial designs. These steps are crucial for maintaining public trust and advancing medical research ethically and responsibly.
Optimizing contract negotiations in clinical research: Legal strategies for safeguarding sponsors, vendors, and institutions in complex trial environments
Authors: Anita Jumai Ehidiamen  , Olajumoke Omolayo Oladapo
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the complexities of clinical trial contract negotiations, focusing on legal strategies and technological innovations that safeguard the interests of sponsors, vendors, and institutions. In an increasingly globalized and digital research environment, contract negotiations are pivotal to ensuring compliance, protecting intellectual property, and mitigating legal risks. The study’s purpose was to explore key components of clinical trial contracts, address the challenges involved, and assess future trends, particularly in light of evolving regulatory frameworks and technological advancements. Through a comprehensive review of legal literature and emerging technologies, the study identified crucial aspects of contract negotiations, including risk allocation, indemnification, intellectual property rights, and data privacy. Special attention was given to the role of technology—such as AI, blockchain, and contract management platforms—in streamlining the negotiation process. These tools have proven effective in reducing errors, enhancing collaboration, and ensuring regulatory compliance. The main findings revealed that while traditional contract structures remain integral, the adoption of digital tools and a patient-centric approach are critical in addressing new challenges posed by decentralized trials and cross-border collaborations. The study concluded that stakeholders must embrace flexible contract frameworks, incorporate robust data protection measures, and leverage technology to optimize negotiations. Recommendations include the integration of advanced analytics for decision-making, the adoption of blockchain for contract security, and a heightened focus on patient rights in contract structures to ensure ethical conduct and compliance in clinical research.
Innovative approaches to risk management in clinical research: Balancing ethical standards, regulatory compliance, and intellectual property concerns
Authors: Anita Jumai Ehidiamen  , Olajumoke Omolayo Oladapo
Published: October 2024

This study explores innovative approaches to risk management in clinical research, focusing on the intricate balance between ethical standards, regulatory compliance, and intellectual property (IP) concerns. As clinical trials become increasingly complex and globalized, managing risks effectively while maintaining participant safety and upholding legal and ethical principles has become paramount. The study adopts a comprehensive review of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), blockchain, and big data analytics, to assess their role in transforming risk management strategies. Key findings reveal that AI and predictive analytics significantly enhance real-time monitoring and the early identification of risks, while adaptive trial designs offer flexibility in managing unforeseen challenges during trials. Blockchain technology improves transparency and data integrity, ensuring secure and verifiable data transactions. However, the intersection of IP protections and equitable access to treatments presents ongoing ethical challenges, particularly in low-income regions. The study concludes that while technological innovations provide robust tools for mitigating risks, a balanced approach to regulatory frameworks and IP protections is essential. The study recommends increased collaboration between regulatory bodies, research institutions, and technology providers to harmonize global regulatory standards, ensuring both innovation and accessibility. Furthermore, it advocates for more flexible IP frameworks that address the tension between protecting innovations and ensuring equitable access to life-saving treatments.
Compliance with weekly iron folic acid supplementation and associated factors among secondary school adolescent girls, in Jimma Arjo District, West Ethiopia, 2022: A mixed method cross-sectional Study
Authors: Debelo Diriba Daba  , Kassahun Tegegne Bidu  , Sadat Kasim Heyi  , Dugasa Garoma  , Yirga Bieza Assegu
Published: October 2024

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a prevalent and major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries among adolescent girls. The risk of Iron deficiency anemia and its consequences are prevented by taking and complying with a weekly iron-folic acid supplement. However, there was no information regarding compliance and its associated factors in Ethiopia. The study aimed to determine the magnitude of compliance with weekly Iron-folic acid supplementation and associated factors among Jimma Arjo secondary school adolescent girls. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 417 adolescent girls in three secondary schools of Jimma Arjo, West Ethiopia from March 1st to 31st, 2022 using interviewer-administered structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association of variables. Results: Compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation was 29.3% with 95% CI (24.9, 33.3). Mother`s secondary level of education (AOR=4.94 (95% CI:2.45,9.94)), awareness of anemia (AOR=4.23 (95% CI:2.35,7.61)), good knowledge about iron-folic acid supplementation (AOR=3.96 (95% CI:2.17,7.22)), lack of iron-folic acid supplementation (AOR=0.42 (95% CI:0.23,0.75)), and iron-folic acid supplementation side effects (AOR=0.17 (95% CI:0.08,0.37)) were factors significantly associated with iron-folic acid supplementation compliance. Misconceptions about iron-folic acid supplementation, forgetfulness of tablet, lack of access to drinking water, and irregularity of school weekly iron-folic acid supplementation days were identified as the main barriers to adolescent girls' compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation in a qualitative study. Conclusions: Weekly iron-folic acid supplementation compliance was low at 29.3%. Scheduled health education, parental participation in the program, access to drinking water, refresher training for school focal persons, and fixed weekly iron-folic acid supplementation days can improve compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation and are recommended.
Soxhlet and High-Pressure Processing (HPP) Method: Antimicrobial Study on the Chromolaena odorata and Azadirachta indica Leaves Extracts Against Six (6) Opportunistic Bacteria
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kamaruszaman Nur Helwa , Faiz Razali Muhammad ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mansur Sity Aishah ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohd Kassim Angzzas Sari ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, A. Razak Aliff Hisham ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Nasuha Hariz Haikal ,   Nasuha Herba & Rempah Karya Sari Sdn Bhd, Mohd Fauzi Noor Akhmazillah ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Chromolaena odorataand Azadirachta indicaare well-known for their antimicrobial properties and have long been utilized in traditional medicine for treating various skin ailments. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two extraction methods, Soxhlet extraction and High-Pressure Processing (HPP), in extracting bioactive components from C. odorata and A. indica, and their resulting antimicrobial activity.The antimicrobial properties of the extracted samples were assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The maximum inhibition zones against E. coliwere observed for Soxhlet-extracted C. odorata (17.25 mm) and A. indica (16.67 mm). The MICs were recorded as 0.78% for C. odorata and 3.13% for A. indica, which were notably higher than those of the HPP extracts. For the HPP extracts, treatment at 600 MPa for 10 minutes showed lower MICs against E. coli, with values of 100.0% and 12.5% for C. odorata and A. indica, respectively. Overall, the antimicrobial activity of the Soxhlet-extracted samples was significantly greater than that of all HPP samples.Although Soxhlet extraction demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity, HPP offers advantages as an efficient herb extraction method due to its ability to extract essential compounds from C. odorata and A. indica in a short period and its non-thermal nature, which reduces the degradation of bioactive chemicals. Therefore, these findings hold significant promise, particularly in the cosmeceutical and health product sectors, where the potential of C. odorata and A. indicaas natural antimicrobial agents and wound healers could contribute to minimizing harm to human health.
Technology Educators Pedagogical Adjustment inthe Post-pandemic Era: A Case Study of Lecturers in the Oil-rich Region, Nigeria
Authors:   Cross River University of Technology, Venatius Arikpo Sampson , Musta’amal Aede Hatib ,   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Ubi Ofem Usani ,   Cross River State College of Education, Chimemezuo Felix Igbudu ,   Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Subramaniam Murugan ,   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Praises Abang Otonko ,   Cross River University of Technology
Published: October 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a lot of lecturersswitched to teaching online. There is reason to believe that educators' pedagogy and teaching philosophies would have undergone a significant transformation. This survey, however, was created to examine the pedagogical and philosophical adjustments technology educators made in reaction to COVID-19. Eight technology educators were subjected to in-depth interviews to learn more about their teaching styles and how they handled the shift to online learning. Thematic and pattern analysis was performed on interview transcripts. Instructors made many changes during the changeover, some general and others specific. Based on the results of the interview, indicators point to several possible explanations for their decisions, such as the extent to which the course structure provided change unnecessary, the influence of the instructors' existing skill set, their desire to preserve the integrity of grades, a set of questions to help lecturers restructure their curricula, and their understanding of the bounds of technology-based education pedagogy. These interviews help us understand how technology educators were affected by the sudden shift to online instruction. To meet the demands of COVID-19, technology education evolved quickly. However, constant adaptation is required to further improve pedagogy.
The Impact of Green Technology and Health Expenditure on Life Expectancy in Malaysia
Authors:   UniversityMalaysia Perlis, Abdul Halim Abdul Ekhmal Danial , Shaari Mohd Shahidan ,   University Malaysia Perlis, Sulong Amri ,   University Malaysia Perlis
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the dynamic interactions between green technology, health expenditure, and life expectancy in Malaysia, employing short-run and long-run Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) tests. In the short run, while the natural logarithm of health expenditure (LNHE) and gross domestic product (LNGDP) exhibit positive coefficients, suggesting potential relationships, statistical significance is not established at the conventional 0.05 level. However, the negative coefficient for the real exchange rate (LNRE) indicates a statistically significant negative relationship with life expectancy. In the long run, positive and negative coefficients for LNHE and LNGDP, respectively, lack statistical significance. LNRE suggests potential significance just beyond the conventional threshold. The model explains a substantial proportion of variance in the dependent variable, but caution is advised due to potential overfitting. These findings emphasize the intricate nature of these relationships, prompting a careful interpretation and highlighting the need for further analyses and data exploration to fortify conclusions. The implications contribute to policy discussions on utilizing green technology and optimizing health expenditure to enhance life expectancy, emphasizing a comprehensive approach to sustainable development in Malaysia.
Cabaran Kepimpinan Institusi TVET dalam Kepimpinan 4.0 dan Dunia VUCA: Sorotan Literatur
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohamed Nor Siti Nurmadinah , Ismail Nurtasnim ,   Quest International University Perak
Published: October 2024

Kajian literatur sistematik ini secara kritis mengkaji penyelidikansedia ada yang berkaitan dengan kesediaan dan cabaran yangdihadapi oleh pemimpin di institusi Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET) di tengah-tengah pengaruh transformatif Kepimpinan 4.0, Revolusi Perindustrian 4.0 dan dunia VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity). SLR ini mensintesispelbagai artikel ilmiah, kajian empirikal dan rangka kerja konseptual yang komprehensif untuk memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang dimensi pelbagai rupa yang membentuk landskapkepimpinan TVET. Analisis merangkumi tema seperti penyepaduanprinsip Kepimpinan 4.0 dalam kepimpinan TVET, kesediaanpemimpin untuk mengharungi kerumitan Revolusi Perindustrian 4.0,danstrategi yang digunakan untuk menghadapi cabaran dalam dunia VUCA. Dengan mensintesis penemuan empirikal dan mengenal pasti jurang dalam literatur, SLR ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman yang pelbagai tentang keadaan pengetahuan semasa berkenaankepimpinan TVETdalamkontekskemajuanteknologidanketidaktentuan global. SLR ini memberikan pandangan berharga untuk sarjana, pengamal dan penggubal dasar yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesediaan pemimpin TVET dan menangani cabaranyang ditimbulkan oleh landskap pendidikan dan perindustrian yangberkembang pesat.
Faktor-Faktor Keberkesanan Pengurusan dalam Institusi TVET
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kamarulzalis Muhammad Aidiel Fizriey
Published: October 2024

Jurnal artikel ini penyelidik mengkaji faktor-faktor keberkesanan pengurusan dalam institusiTeknikal dan Vokasional (TVET). Lima faktor yang ditekankan ialah dalam kajian ini ialah pengukuran prestasi dan kualiti, diikuti dengan pengurusan sumber manusia, sumber kewangan dan infrastruktur, kerjasama industri dan penggunaan teknologi. Dalam mengkaji aspek pengukuran prestasi dan kualiti, kajian ini mengeksplorasi pendekatan-pendekatan inovatif yang mampu meningkatkan pemantauan dan penilaian terhadap pencapaian institusi TVET. Pengurusan sumber manusia dijelaskan sebagai elemen penting, dengan penekanan pada strategi pengembangan tenaga kerja dan pengukuran keberhasilan kebolehan sumber daya manusia. Kajian ini juga menyertakan peranan penting iaitu sumber kewangan dan infrastruktur dalam menyokong aktiviti operasi institusi, serta keperluan untuk pengurusan yang efisien. Selain itu, kajian mengeksplorasi kerjasama industri, mengidentifikasi strategi-strategi yang dapat memperkuat hubungan antara institusi TVET dan sektor industri. Terakhir, dalam konteks teknologi, kajian ini menyoroti pentingnya penggunaan teknologi terkini dalam meningkatkan efisiensi dan daya saing institusi TVET. Hasil kajian literatur sistematik dengan 20 buah artikel yang digunakan melalui palform secara atas talian iaitu Google Scholar mendapati faktor-faktor keberkesanan pengurusan dalam institusi TVET merupakan satu cara dalam mengenalpasti faktor yang berkesan terhadap pengurusaninstitusi TVET serta dapat memberikan halaju pada pengkaji akan datang bagi tujuan pemambahbaikan pada masa hadapan.
Perfil e fatores associados ao mercado de trabalho desejado entre ingressantes do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
Authors: Havresko Amanda Rutyna , Almeida Débora Cristina Lima de , Maluf Anna Bárbara , Fadel Cristina Berger , Silva Junior Manoelito Ferreira
Published: October 2024

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o perfil dos estudantes, motivos de escolha do curso, intenção de formação em pós-graduação e os fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e acadêmicos associados ao mercado de trabalho desejado entre acadêmicos ingressantes do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG). O estudo quantitativo, transversal e analítico foi realizado com acadêmicos de Odontologia ingressantes no ano de 2018, 2020, 2021 e 2022, no primeiro mês de aula do primeiro semestre de cada turma, com coleta presencial em 2018 e on-line em 2020 a 2022. O questionário estruturado sobre dados demográficos, socioeconômicos, acadêmicos, motivos de escolha do curso, intenção de formação em pós-graduação e mercado de trabalho desejado foi desenvolvido pelos pesquisadores. Houve análise descritiva por meio de frequências absolutas (n) e relativas (%) e analítica com teste qui-quadrado/exato de Fisher (p<0,05). Participaram do estudo 215 acadêmicos (taxa de resposta: 89,6%), sendo a maior parte com 18 anos (42,5%), mulher (74,4%), solteira (99,5%), com renda  familiar entre 3 e 4 salários mínimos (31,2%), origem do município de Ponta Grossa, PR (58,6%). O serviço público foi o mercado de trabalho mais desejado entre os acadêmicos de Odontologia ingressantes, sendo que as mulheres apresentaram maior interesse comparado aos homens (p=0,020). O perfil dos acadêmicos ingressantes foi composto por mulheres e com perfil jovem, condizente com o perfil de um curso integral, com necessidade de ampla dedicação dos acadêmicos. Houve alto interesse dos acadêmicos ingressantes de Odontologia no mercado público, sendo maior entre as mulheres.