bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Encuesta Nacional de Tendencias Fitness para México en 2022 (National Survey of Fitness Trends in Mexico for 2022)
Authors: Gómez Chávez Lino Francisco Jacobo , López-Haro Jorge , Pelayo Zavalza Adrián Ricardo , Aguirre Rodríguez Luis Eduardo
Published: February 2022

Por los últimos 15 años se ha llevado a cabo un estudio a nivel mundial para determinar las tendencias de las actividades físicas para la salud y el fitness, en el caso de México, esta es su tercera edición. Objetivo: conocer las tendencias del fitness en México para 2022, comparar los resultados con la encuesta mexicana del año anterior y con la Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends for 2022. Método: estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, descriptivo y comparativo de tipo longitudinal. La población de estudio son instructores-as fitness radicados-as en México, la muestra es no probabilística (n= 918). Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó una adaptación de la Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends al contexto mexicano. Resultados: las principales tendencias del fitness para México en 2022 son programas de ejercicio para pérdida de peso, entrenamiento funcional, entrenamiento personalizado, entrenamiento de fuerza y nuevas actividades/ adaptación de servicios post pandemia por COVID-19. 12 de las principales tendencias mexicanas aparecen también en el top 20 de la encuesta mundial y 15 repiten en la encuesta nacional. Conclusiones: se puede observar una mayor preocupación de la población por la prevención en materia de salud, específicamente con relación al peso corporal y el mantenimiento de la aptitud física, la funcionalidad y la fuerza, así como implementar nuevas actividades post pandemia de COVID-19. 
Abstract. For the past 15 years a worldwide study has been carried out to determine trends in physical activities for health and fitness, in the case of Mexico, this is its third edition. Objective: to know the trends of fitness in Mexico for 2022, to compare the results with the Mexican survey of the previous year and with the Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends for 2022. Method: quantitative, nonexperimental, descriptive and comparative longitudinal study. The study population are fitness instructors based in Mexico, the sample is non-probabilistic (n= 918). An adaptation of the Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends to the Mexican context was used to collect the data. Results: The main fitness trends for Mexico in 2022 are exercise programs for weight loss, functional training, personalized training, strength training and new activities/ adaptation of post-pandemic services by COVID-19. 12 of the main Mexican trends also appear in the top 20 of the global survey and 15 repeats in the national survey. Conclusions: a greater concern of the population for health prevention can be observed, specifically about body weight and the maintenance of physical fitness, functionality and strength, as well as implementing new post-pandemic activities of COVID-19.
Cuerpo y Escuela: la enseñanza de la educación física como experiencia democrática (Body and School: teaching physical education as a democratic experience)
Authors: Gamboa Jiménez Rodrigo , Soto García Pamela , Jiménez Alvarado Gladys
Published: February 2022

La recuperación del cuerpo es una discusión que la historia de la filosofía recoge desde inicios del siglo XX. El impacto de esta discusión en la escuela y en la enseñanza de la educación física la abordaremos desde un enfoque biopolítico afirmativo, que permita la co-construcción de prácticas que fortalezcan la convivencia democrática en la institución escolar. En un primer apartado se aborda la democracia relacional como expresión de la materialidad del cuerpo, desde su condición individual y colectiva. En el segundo apartado se discute la invisibilización del cuerpo en la escuela, a partir de las prácticas escolares que se implementan en una sociedad de mercado. En el tercer apartado se exponen algunas tensiones vividas por estudiantes de educación física durante la dictadura cívico-militar desde sus experiencias de construcción de prácticas de enseñanza-aprendizaje que se posicionan desde la recuperación del cuerpo individual y colectivo, y cuya praxis se expone como resistencia política a la formación profesional de aquella época. En la conclusión, se expone las implicancias de una enseñanza-aprendizaje de la educación física desde una democracia relacional que desde su práctica subvierte la docilización de las corporalidades y las exigencias político-institucionales de la escuela.
Abstract:. The recovery of the body is a discussion that the history of philosophy has addressed since the early twentieth century. The impact of this discussion in the school and teaching of physical education will be tackled from an affirmative biopolitical approach, which allows the co-construction of practices that strengthen democratic coexistence in the school institution. The first section deals with relational democracy as an expression of the body materiality, from its individual and collective condition. The second section discusses the invisibilization of the body in the school, based on the school practices implemented in a market society. The third section presents some tensions experienced by physical education students during the civil-military dictatorship from their experiences of construction of teaching-learning practices that are positioned from the recovery of the individual and collective body, whose praxis is exposed as political resistance to the professional training of that time. In conclusion, the implications of a teaching-learning of physical education are exposed from a relational democracy that subverts, from its practice, making docile bodies and the political-institutional demands of the school.
Hyperlinking and copyright
Authors: Karjiker Sadulla
Published: February 2022

This article critically considers the legality of hyperlinking to copyright-protected material on the Internet. It considers the position with respect to standard hyperlinks, and attempts to provide a possible approach in light of the proposed introduction of two new exclusive rights, namely (i) the right of communication to the public; and (ii) the making-available right. These new exclusive rights appear to be an attempt to amend the South African Copyright Act in order to give effect to the 1996 WIPO Copyright Treaty, which sought to ‘digitise’ copyright law in light of the digital technology that had developed. The WIPO Copyright Treaty supplements, in particular, the rights granted to copyright owners under the Berne Convention, extending the right of communication to the public to include the making-available right. Use will be made of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which has given effect to the right of communication to the public (including the making-available right), following its inclusion in the WIPO Copyright Treaty of 1996. Through a more focused analysis of these exclusive rights, it is intended that this article can provide some guidance to South African lawyers and our courts when considering the application and scope of these exclusive rights.
Quality of life among dialysis patients: predictive analysis of illness intrusiveness and spiritual beliefs
Authors: Kehkashan Arouj  , Rabia Zonash Mir  , Seema Zahid
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To investigate the predicting effect of illness intrusiveness and spiritual belief determining dialysis patients’ quality of life.
Method: The correlational study was conducted from September 2018 to July 2019 in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, and comprised adult patients of either gender experiencing dialysis issues for one year at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, the Pakistan Kidney Patients Association, the Islamabad Dialysis and Nephro Care Centre, the Bahria International Hospital and the Shifa Hospital Kidney Centre. Data was collected using the Illness Intrusiveness Scale, the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Scale, and a demographic sheet. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Out of 200 patients, 116(58%) were males and 84(42%) were females. Female patients had higher mean values for illness intrusiveness value 62.08±14.47, spiritual belief 33.45±14.75 psychological health 18.00±3.88 and environmental health 25.15±4.93. Male dialysis patients had higher mean values for physical health 19.11±7.51 and social relationship 10.50±2.45. Illness intrusiveness was a significant negative predictor of physical health (p<0.000), psychological health (p<0.001), social relationship (p<0.000) and environmental health (p<0.05). Spiritual belief was a significant positive predictor of physical health (p<0.01), psychological health (p<0.001), social relationship (p<0.05) and environmental health (p<0.05).
Conclusion: High level of illness intrusiveness in dialysis patients tended to decrease life quality.  Those having a higher level of spiritual belief tended to develop a better approach to life quality.
Key Words: Illness intrusiveness, Spiritual beliefs, Physical health, Psychological health, Social relationship, Environmental health, Dialysis patients.
Effects of 8 weeks functional training program on posture control and functional mobility in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: Gulzar Aeysha , Misbah Waris  , Qurat Ul Ain
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the impacts of functional training versus conventional training on posture control and functional mobility in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy children.
Method: The randomised clinical trial was conducted at the Rehab Cure physiotherapy centre, Lahore, Pakistan, from January to September 2020, and comprised children of either gender aged 4-14 years, diagnosed with cerebral palsy, gross motor functional classification system level II or III, and no mental retardation. The subjects were randomised into conventional therapy group A and functional training group B. Intensity of exercises was gradually increased each week, staring from 10 reps to 20 reps. The subjects received treatment 3 times a week for 8 weeks, and each session lasted 45-60 min. Paediatric Balance Scale, Trunk Control Measurement Scale, Five Times Sit to Stand Test and Timed-Up-and-Go test were used at baseline and post-intervention. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 14 subjects, there were 7(50%) in each of the two groups. Overall, there were 8(57.14%) males and 6(42.86%) females with a mean age of 7.57±1.86 years. Significant improvement was noted in both groups post-intervention (p<0.05), but intergroup differences were not significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Both functional training and conventional therapy significantly improved postural control and functional mobility in spastic cerebral palsy children, but intergroup differences were not significant.
Clinical Trial Number: IRCT20200909048676N1
Key Words: Cerebral palsy, Exercises, Posture control.
Cognition improvement strategies, study behaviors and stress among medical students of Dow University of Health Sciences: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jahangeer Syed Muhammad Ashraf , Muhammad Hamdan  , Ansari Ushna Sunain , Khan Huzaif Saeed , Rida Fatima
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the effects of cognition improvement strategies on academic performance, stress and sleep quality of medical students.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted att he Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from March 2019 to March 2020, and comprised medical students regardless of gender and academic year. Academic performance was assessed through grade point average, while stress and sleep were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
Result: Of the 770 subjects, 748(97%) formed the final sample with mean age 20.32±1.49 years; 619(82.7%) females and 129(17.2%) males. Overall, there were 655(87.6%) consumers of cognitive enhancers and 93(12.4%) non-cunsumers. The mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of consumers was 6.05±3.306, while that of non-consumers was 5.80±3.701. The respective mean Perceived Stress Scale scores were 21.18±6.09 and 20.5±6.8. There was no significant association of consumption of cognitive enhancers with academic performance and stress levels (p>0.05), but it was significant with sleep quality (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Majority of the students were found to be consuming cognitive enhancers, but no significant association of the stimulants was found with either academic performance or stress.
The Values of Female Character Education in the Millennial Generation Through Suntiang Nan Salapan
Authors: Norman Efrita , Aminah Siti
Published: February 2022

Suntiang Gadang is a bride's headdress in Minangkabau. Visually, Suntiang has a very attractive appearance, apart from its color, it is also supported by the variety of decorations arranged in it. The ornamental variety is taken from natural forms which are grouped into the form of plant motifs and animal motifs. The diversity of decorations found in suntiang not only aims to give beauty and beauty to the person, it also contains moral messages aimed at the bride and groom and will be role models in domestic life. Based on the results of this study, we can draw the following conclusions: that with the rapid growth of technology and information that can be accessed by our millennial generation, it is fitting for us to maintain and develop the customs and cultures that exist in Indonesia, one of which is Minangkabau culture. dense with values ​​and character education, especially for mothers and especially millennial women that we can explore, one of which is in Suntiang Nan Salapan, where in Suntiang Nan Salapan there are character values, including: (1) Minang women must be the pillars of life. the household must be calm and do not like to visit and gossip (2) The woman must be able to arrange the house so that the household is beautiful and comfortable so that the husband feels at home (3) The woman must be able to keep and preserve the things in the household ( 4) Women must be able to manage their finances price so that (5) women must be skilled when they come down to society, because in mainang kabau it is famous for the term bundo kanduang, where women's voices are very much taken into account (6) women must be role models for generations and generations (7) women must be able to educate their offspring with a gentle valley (8) and women are able to guide their people to do amar makruh nahi munkar

Keywords: character building, Suntiang Nan Salapan, millennial generation
Kontribusi Islam terhadap Sains Manajemen
Authors: Salamuddin Salamuddin , Hutasuhut Sartika , Isa Muhammad , Suyatmika Yulita
Published: February 2022

Science is a systematic effort to create, construct and organize knowledge to understand the universe. Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling. When viewed from the perspective of management as a science (science) and as an art. So management is both a science and an art. Why is it called that because the two cannot be separated. Management as a science, because it has been studied for a long time, and has been organized into a theory. This is because in it explains the symptoms of management, these symptoms are then investigated using the scientific method which is formulated in the form of principles that are embodied in the form of a theory.

Keywords: Islamic scholar, science, management
Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Kurikulum Nasional
Authors: Saleh Indra Taupik , Sopiansyah Deni , Ruswandi Uus
Published: February 2022

This article aims to determine the purpose of Islamic Religious Education in the National Curriculum. The research method in this writing uses qualitative methods, namely by means of library research, searching and collecting from various relevant sources. The results of this study indicate that Islamic Religious Education has been running since before independence. Then develop and systematically designed and structured which is then formed in a curriculum. The Islamic Religious Education in the National Curriculum follows the changes that the government has made, namely adjusting the content of its learning to the needs of the 21st century, namely the existence of 4 C's.

Keywords: education, Islamic religion, national curriculum.
Farmers’ Demonstrate Rationality and Transitivity in Variety Choice: Empirical Evidence From two Rice Growing Niches in Coastal Kenya.
Authors: Kengo Milton , Kimani John , Bok Lee
Published: February 2022

Purpose: A cross-sectional survey was designed to study farmers’ preference and choice framework for rice varieties in Kwale and Taita-Taveta counties of coastal lowland Kenya.

Methodology: The survey used a multi-stage sampling technique; systematic selection for the study counties/niches, a purposive sampling approach for the study population (rice growers only) and a systematic random sampling for the respondents on an nth occurrence. Data was collected with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire and key informant interviews from key rice value chain actors; including farmers as producers as well as consumers and agricultural extension service providers (AESPs) and other stakeholders. A total of 137 individual respondents were interviewed using the semi-structured questionnaire while the key informant interviews engaged a total of 29 AESPs. Data analysis focused on exploring on the varieties that farmers grew and whether they had a criteria or pattern for choosing the varieties to grow and seed source.

Findings: Results confirmed that the Kwale rice growing niche had a higher rice variety diversity (more than 12 varieties) while Taita-Taveta had only around seven (7) common varieties. Rice was more traditionally grown in Kwale with low acreage and low yields compared to Taita-Taveta. Common varieties grown were Pachanga, Supa, Kitumbo, Makonde and Kibawa in Kwale while in Taita-Taveta, Japan, Supa and Hybrid 6444 rice varieties were common (with prevalence rating of 44.8%, 25.4%, 22.4%, 20.9 and 17.9% in Kwale respectively and 55.7%, 54.3% and 18.6% in Taita-Taveta respectively). Varieties grown by farmers in Kwale had a long history of seed recycling and were characterized by low productivity (less than 6, 90-kg bags per acre) and subsistent in nature than in Taita-Taveta. The general picture for variety prevalence in both (Kwale and Taita) growing niches was that farmers mostly relied on traditional (own-preserved, farmer-to-farmer exchange or market) seed systems for the recycled rice varieties.  Variety choice by farmers who are both producers and consumers demonstrated a rational and transitive behavior with land resource allocation.

Contribution to theory, practice and policy:  The study provided evidence of an urgent need for strategic interventions towards improving the production system through on-farm researcher-led demonstrations for superior rice varieties, agronomic practices as well as an input subsidy and sustainable market linkages. Formation of farmer producer groups and strategic facilitation of the groups with rice certified seed and mills are proposed as positive drivers to improving rice marketing and increased productivity.
Öğrencilerin Sosyal Görünüş Kaygı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi (Kayseri İli Örneği)
Authors: KAPLAN Venhar
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, lise öğrencilerinin sosyal görünüş kaygı düzeylerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada betimsel tarama deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma Kayseri İli Kocasinan, Melikgazi ve Talas merkez ilçelerindeki ortaöğretim kurumlarındaki 588 lise öğrencisinin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri “Sosyal Görünüş Kaygı Ölçeği” aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde aritmetik ortalama, frekans, standart sapma, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ve Bağımsız Örneklemler İçin t-Testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğrencilerin sosyal görünüş kaygı puan ortalamalarının yüksek düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Kız öğrencilerin sosyal görünüş kaygı düzeyleri erkek öğrencilere göre daha yüksek düzeydedir. Okul türüne göre ise, Sosyal Bilimler Lisesi öğrencilerinin sosyal görünüş kaygı düzeyleri, Meslek Lisesi öğrencilerine göre daha yüksek düzeyde bulunmuştur. Buna karşın, sosyal görünüş kaygısı puan ortalamalarında; sınıf seviyesi, anne ve babanın öğrenim düzeyi değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık elde edilmemiştir. Öğrencilerin sosyal görünüş kaygı seviyelerinin azaltılmasında, özgüven arttırıcı psikososyal çalışmalar ve kendilerini kabul düzeylerini yükseltmeye yönelik etkinlikler düzenlenebilir. Sosyal Bilimler Lisesindeki öğrencilerin sosyal görünüş kaygı düzeylerini düşürebilmek için grup ve akran rehberliği çalışmaları yapılabilir. Bazı sınırlıklara rağmen araştırmanın gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
PROTAGONIZAÇÃO DO ACADÊMICO DE ENFERMAGEM NO PROCESSO DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA: UM ESTUDO REFLEXIVO
Authors: Campolino Sobral Andressa , Alves Ribeiro Wanderson , Christiny Amorim dos Santos Larissa , John Mota de Oliveira Elton , Alhan de Oliveira Giovanna , Ferreira Barros Andressa , Maria Ferreira Guedes Miriam
Published: February 2022

A atenção primária á saúde é caracterizada por um conjunto de ações relacionadas a uma saúde abrangente e integral, pautada em diretrizes e princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (Primeiro Contato, Longitudinalidade, Integralidade e Coordenação), que abrange a promoção e proteção da saúde, prevenção de agravamento, diagnóstico e tratamento, com o objetivo de fornecer um atendimento humanizado. O presente estudo se caracteriza por refletir sobre a importância do acadêmico de enfermagem no processo de educação e saúde na atenção primária e ainda, contextualizar sobre o processo ensino e aprendizagem do graduando para sua formação. Tendo os seus dados coletados através de meio eletrônico pela Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO). Conclui-se que a atenção primária à saúde (APS) é o primeiro contato que a população tem com os sistemas de saúde e que possui como finalidade entender a complexidade de cada caso sejam eles individuais ou em grupo, e assim direcionar o paciente para o atendimento adequado, permitindo que os estudantes estejam inseridos na realidade do seu futuro local de trabalho permitindo uma visão mais ampla e humanizada em relação ao paciente, e acompanhar a rotina da equipe de enfermagem permitindo também que os acadêmicos enxerguem as qualidades e os defeitos do sistema único de saúde, e eles como acadêmicos possam começar a pensar desde já para solucionar eventuais problemas e gerar mudanças na sociedade.
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN OVER THE INTERNET
Authors: DJADI Faiza
Published: February 2022

The development in the field of information and communication technologies, in particular the Internet, has had a great impact on the increase in the dangers that threaten children and the development of its methods. Despite the advantages given by this method, it had another aspect related to selfishness and an illegal attack on the child’s life and privacy, which is known today as the Internet child. This method has inevitably entered the lives of children due to the spread of the Covid epidemic, and schools today are using it as a contemporary educational curriculum that helps develop the child's mental skills, creativity and innovation. However, this use has become without guidance or supervision and the Internet spaces are open to all without restriction‎
Futbol Sahalarında Hibrit Çim Kullanımının İrdelenmesi
Authors: HOCAOĞLU Tuğrul , BİNGÖL Bora
Published: February 2022

Spor müsabakaları gün geçtikçe daha profesyonel hale gelmiş ve buna bağlı olarak da halk arasında popülaritesini giderek artırmıştır. Spor müsabakaları içerisinde yer alan futbolda her zaman en ilgi çekici spor dallarından biri olmuştur. Artan ilgi, futbol sahalarının sayısını ve kullanım saatlerini de arttırmıştır. Futbol sahalarında tercih edilen doğal çim ise artan bu yoğun kullanımı karşılamakta zorlanmıştır. Yoğun kullanımın olduğu futbol sahalarında ve olumsuz hava şartlarının hakim olduğu bölgelerde karşılaşılan sorunlar sektördeki ilgilileri doğal çimden farklı alternatif arayışlarına yönlendirmiştir. Bu sorunlara çözüm bulmaya çalışan sentetik çim üreticileri de 1960‘lardan itibaren yeni nesil çimler üreterek bu sorunlara çözüm üretmeye çalışmışlardır. Hibrit çim ya da güçlendirilmiş doğal çim sistemi, 1989 yılından itibaren denenmeye başlanmış ve günümüzde doğal çim standartlarına en yakın olduğu düşünülen sistemdir. Oynanabilirlik ve performans standartlarının doğal çim saha standartlarını yansıtması, hibrit çimi öne çıkararak sistemin tercih edilebilirliğini artırmaktadır. Avrupa’da yaklaşık 20 yıldan fazladır tercih edilen ve ülkemizde de giderek yaygınlaşan hibrit çim futbol sahaları, doğal çimin yerini tamamen alamasa da gün geçtikçe yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da hibrit çimin tanımı, futbol sahalarına tesis edilme yöntemleri ve doğal çim yüzeyli futbol sahaları ile karşılaştırılması yapılarak, hibrit çimin futbol sahalarındaki kullanılabilirliği incelenmiştir.
Medical care at HMP Lancaster Castle
Authors: Coltman, David
Published: February 2022

The King Street Practice has looked after the health needs of the prisoners in the castle since 1981. It is a Catagory C, medium security prison.
Life after head injury
Authors: Hutchinson Pen
Published: February 2022

This article examines the longterm sequelae of head injuries and describes the development of the post of Acquired Brain Damage (ABD) Coordinator as part of the local response to this needy group.
A Simple and Fast Computation Equivalent Circuit Model to Investigate the Effect of Tape Twisting on the AC Loss of HTS Cables
Authors: Sadeghi A. , Seyyed Barzegar S. Μ. , Yazdani-Asrami M.
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to evaluate the AC loss of a High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cable with respect to the twisting angle while considering mechanical constraints in an iterative approach. A 1km 22.9kV AC HTS cable was selected in this study to assess the impact of the twisting angle alterations. The electromagnetic behavior of the selected HTS cable was modeled using an Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM). After the implementation of this model in MATLAB/SIMULINK, a series of simulations were performed without the consideration of mechanical limits. They showed that the increase in the twisting angle leads to the decrease of the AC loss. Afterwards, simulations were conducted to reduce the AC loss, while mechanical limits were taken into account. This improvement could reduce the AC loss by 27.41% with a much lower computation time than Finite Element Methods (FEMs).
An Evaluation of the Extreme Rainfall Event of 2010 over the Kabul River Basin using the WRF Model
Authors: Rafi F. , Dars G. H. , Strong C. , Ansari K. , Ali S. H.
Published: February 2022

Extreme precipitation events are among the most severe weather hazards. Knowledge about the spatial patterns underlying such events in the Upper Indus Basin is limited because estimating precipitation is very challenging due to the data scarcity and the complex orography. Numerical weather prediction models can be applied at a fine resolution to overcome this issue. The Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.8.1 was applied over the Kabul River Basin to simulate the temperature and precipitation of monsoon season 2010, i.e., 1st May to 16th September 2010. We considered the May month as a spin-up period. The initial and boundary conditions were derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data. The model was set up by using two-nested domains with increasing horizontal resolution moving inward from 15km on domain d01 to 5km on domain d02. The simulations were compared with TRMM 3B42, and station data collected from the Pakistan Meteorological Department and Water and the Power Development Authority using bias, percentage bias, root mean square error, and Pearson correlation. The results revealed that the simulated precipitation was improved from d01 to d02. However, the model showed mixed results with overestimation of precipitation at some stations and underestimations at others. Simulated precipitation generally agreed better with TRMM than with station data. Overall, the results indicate that the WRF model can be used to simulate heavy precipitation in complex terrain.
Surface Finish Comparison of Dry and Coolant Fluid High-Speed Milling of JIS SDK61 Mould Steel
Authors: Le T. H. , Pham V. B. , Hoang T. D.
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates the influence of dry high-speed milling on the surface quality of JIS SKD61 hard steel, compared to the conventional coolant fluid method. This research was conducted in a Super MC 500 high-speed CNC milling machine with a Hitachi coated carbide 20mm in diameter. High-speed cutting parameters such as cutting speed V, cutting depth t, and spindle speed S were considered as variants. The experiment was designed based on Taguchi's L9. Surface quality, including Ra and Rq, was measured using the Mitutoyo Surftest SV-210. A mathematical regression model was found for the average values of surface roughness through regression analysis for dry and coolant fluid conditions. The chosen high-speed milling parameters and the respective Ra and Rq values were obtained by ANOVA. The grey relation scores for wet and dry milling surface quality for cut depth, feed rate, and cutting speed were 0.7527, 0.7869, 0.6302, and 0.8167, 0.7199, 0.6040, respectively. The results showed that the feed rate had the greatest influence on the surface quality during the high-speed coolant milling of hardened steel, while the depth of the cut had the greatest influence on the surface quality during the high-speed dry milling process.
A Numerical Investigation of the Free Flow in a Square Porous Cavity with Non-Uniform Heating on the Lower Wall
Authors: Saidi L. , Mekroussi S. , Kherris S. , Zebbar D. , Mébarki B.
Published: February 2022

Natural convection in a steady state of incompressible air inside a cavity’s porous with a heated low wall of a sinusoidal profile is investigated numerically in this paper. The upper horizontal wall is kept cold while the two sides are thermally insulated. The proposed physical model was developed and studied with two-dimensional conditions, using the finite element method and adapting the Darcy-Brinkman model. This paper examines the laminar natural convection in a square porous cavity for different Rayleigh numbers (10 ≤ Ra ≤ 104), aspect ratios (0.25 ≤ AR ≤ 1.0), and sinusoidal temperature amplitude (0.25 ≤ λ ≤ 1.0). Moreover, the variation effect of Ra, AR, and λ on isotherms, streamlines, and the mean and local Nusselt numbers has been presented and analyzed. The results showed that an increase in the sinusoidal thermal amplitude, mean Nusselt number, and AR reduced somewhat the Rayleigh number. This provided a solution in which the mean Nusselt number increased by increasing the sinusoidal thermal amplitude and the Rayleigh number. On the other hand, it decreases slightly by increasing the AR. In addition, the convection transfer mechanism is the main mode when the Rayleigh number is high. Thus, it was found that the Darcy number also has an effect on heat transmission. The obtained results were compared with those found in the literature and were found to be in good accordance.
R-SOR: Ranked Social-based Routing Protocol in Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks
Authors: Alrfaay M. , Ali A. K. , Chaoui S. , Lenando H. , Alanazi S.
Published: February 2022

Exploiting social information to improve routing performance is an increasing trend in Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks (OMSNs). Selecting the next message’s relay node based on the user’s social behavior is a critical factor in attaining a high delivery rate. So, to ascertain the most efficient selection of the next relay, the correlation between daily social activities and the social characteristics in the user profiles can be exploited. In this paper, we consider the impact of the social characteristics on mobile user activities during certain periods of the day and then rank these characteristics based on their relative importance in order to be included in the routing protocol. These processes consolidate the proposed Ranked Social-based Routing (R-SOR) protocol to provide an effective way for data dissemination in OMSN. We use the real data set INFOCOM06 to evaluate the proposed protocol. The experimental results show that the proposed protocol has higher routing efficiency than flooding-based protocols such as Epsoc and Epidemic, prediction-based protocols such as PRoPHET, and social-based protocols such as MSM and Bubble Rap.
Automatic Diagnosis of Covid-19 Related Pneumonia from CXR and CT-Scan Images
Authors: Kumar N. , Hashmi A. , Gupta M. , Kundu A.
Published: February 2022

Covid-19 is a highly infectious disease that spreads extremely fast and is transmitted through indirect or direct contact. The scientists have categorized the Covid-19 cases into five different types: severe, critical, asymptomatic, moderate, and mild. Up to May 2021 more than 133.2 million peoples have been infected and almost 2.9 million people have lost their lives from Covid-19. To diagnose Covid-19, practitioners use RT-PCR tests that suffer from many False Positive (FP) and False Negative (FN) results while they take a long time. One solution to this is the conduction of a greater number of tests simultaneously to improve the True Positive (TP) ratio. However, CT-scan and X-ray images can also be used for early detection of Covid-19 related pneumonia. By the use of modern deep learning techniques, accuracy of more than 95% can be achieved. We used eight CNN (CovNet)-based deep learning models, namely ResNet 152 v2, InceptionResNet v2, Xception, Inception v3, ResNet 50, NASNetLarge, DenseNet 201, and VGG 16 for both X-rays and CT-scans to diagnose pneumonia. The achieved comparative results show that the proposed models are able to differentiate the Covid-19 positive cases.
Hardware Acceleration of Video Edge Detection with Hight Level Synthesis on the Xilinx Zynq Platform
Authors: Saidani T. , Ghodhbani R.
Published: February 2022

The study conducted in the current paper consists of validating an original design flow for the rapid prototyping of real-time image and video processing applications on FPGAs. A video application for edge detection with Simulink HDL coder and Vivado High-Level Synthesis (HLS) has been designed as if the code was going to be executed on a conventional processor. The developed tools will automatically translate the code into VHDL hardware language using an advanced compilation technique. This amounts to embedding processors on Xilinx Zynq-7000 System on-Chip (SoC) device in an optimal manner. This automated hardware design flow reduces the time to create a prototype since only the high-level description is required. The design of the video edge detection system is implemented on Xilinx Zynq-7000 platform. The result of the implementation gave effective resource utilization and a good frame rate (95 FPS) under 170MHz frequency.
A Novel Feature Extraction Descriptor for Face Recognition
Authors: Salamh A. B. S. , Akyüz H. I.
Published: February 2022

This paper presents a new feature extraction technique for face recognition. The new model, called multi-descriptor, is based on the well-known method of local binary patterns. It involves many different neighborhoods of the central pixel. Its unique advantage is that this descriptor allows the use of different neighborhood sizes instead of only one point. This structure ensures reasonable effectiveness and also provides the possibility to obtain a different distribution of features. Based on the new descriptor, a face recognition model using the pairwise feature descriptor based on the proposed descriptor was developed in this work, and local binary patterns were created to investigate the similarity and dissimilarity between the two models. For both models, the training was done using the support vector machine method on different face databases to overcome face recognition problems such as camera distance, expression, large head size, and illumination variations. The proposed technique achieved perfect accuracy on almost all tested databases including the Extended Yale B and Grimace database.
Hierarchical Control of a Low Voltage DC Microgrid with Coordinated Power Management Strategies
Authors: Muchande S. , Thale S.
Published: February 2022

A microgrid consists of a cluster of renewable energy sources, energy storage elements, and loads. One of the main objectives of a microgrid is to provide reliable and high-quality power to the loads. Under normal operating conditions, this is achieved through suitable Power Management Strategy (PMS). However, under emergency conditions, such as the failure of any source, overloads, or faults, the PMS may not be able to retain the microgrid in operating conditions. Any emergency condition may demand a significant change in control and coordination between various subsystems of the microgrid to survive and continue the operation. This feature makes a microgrid "a fault resilient" system as visualized in its objectives. This paper proposes a novel Coordinated Power Management (CPM) strategy based on three-layer hierarchical control for an autonomous Low Voltage DC (LVDC) microgrid. The proposed CPM strategy ensures the continuation of the microgrid operation under normal and emergency conditions. An emergency control layer is established to extend the microgrid operation during an emergency condition. The performance of the proposed control scheme is validated through simulation and experimental results.
A Super High Gain L-Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna For 5G Mobile Systems Operating at 26 and 28 GHz
Authors: Nahas M.
Published: February 2022

Microstrip patch antennas have been widely investigated and used in modern mobile communication technologies including 5G. Previous works in the area demonstrated that such antennas can be designed to operate in the low, mid, and high bands of 5G networks. This paper focuses on high-band millimeter-wave 5G mobile applications. In particular, the proposed microstrip patch antenna was designed to operate at 26 and 28GHz, which are the first introduced and widely used frequency bands of the 5G. This study aims to enhance the gain and other radiation characteristics of the antenna by adding a combination of different slot shapes to a single rectangular patch that is commonly used in other 5G antennas. The results show that an extremely high gain is achieved by inserting two symmetric L-slots and a middle-placed square slot. The dimensions of the slots were simulated and optimized using the CST Studio Suite simulator. A comparative study was also conducted showing that the proposed antenna features higher gain and directivity and provides very good VSWR and efficiency along with a reasonably large enough bandwidth at the two resonance frequencies considered.
Investigating the Causes of Poor Cost Control in Iraqi Construction Projects
Authors: Abbas N. N. , Burhan A. M.
Published: February 2022

Controlling cost in construction projects is an essential issue. This study investigates the most critical problems that cause weakness in cost control in Iraqi construction projects. The quantitative technique was used by conducting a survey directed to professionals who work on construction projects. One hundred and sixty-four questionnaire forms were distributed to private sector companies, government companies, and government institutions, and the responses were subjected to the required statistical analysis. The results indicate that the most influential factors are the weakness in keeping up with the use of modern concepts, methods, and technologies, the delay in receiving the amounts due for work done from the owner, fluctuations in market prices, the lack of knowledge and the inefficient use of currently available tools and technology, and the security situation in the country. The results indicate that the Iraqi construction projects suffer from weakness in cost control, which causes them to stop or delay their delivery, and this needs serious and quick solutions. One of the most important solutions is the adoption of modern technologies and their inclusion in the construction sector and the development of special systems for managing costs that are appropriate to the Iraqi construction environment.
The Possibility of Minimizing Rutting Distress in Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course
Authors: Abd Al Kareem H. M. , Albayati A. H. K.
Published: February 2022

The excessive permanent deformation (rutting) in asphalt-concrete pavements resulting from frequent repetitions of heavy axle loads is studied in this paper. Rutting gradually develops with additional load applications and appears as longitudinal depressions in the wheel path. There are many causes of the rutting of asphalt roads, such as poor asphalt mixing and poor continuous aggregate gradation. All factors affecting the mixture resistance to permanent deformation must be discussed, and all must be properly considered to reduce the rutting propensity of asphalt-aggregate mixtures. In this study, several mixtures were produced with the most common techniques in rutting resistance (using the most effective additives for each mixture), and their performance was compared with the (conventional) mixture currently used in Iraq. The tests focused on the asphalt-concrete mixture for wearing courses. Different mixtures types were tried, namely, dense hot asphalt mixture (HMA) with two different asphalt contents (4.7% and 5.3%), Open-Grade Friction Course (OGFC) mixture, Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) mixture, and Beton Bitumineux a Module Eleve (BBME). The modifiers included natural Sisal Fibers (SFs), Carbon Fibers (CFs), and mineral filler (hydrated lime, HL). Marshall test was carried out to find stability and flow values. Rutting was evaluated by the repeated load test for cylindrical specimens under two temperatures (40°C and 60°C) to obtain the permanent deformation parameters. The parameters were used as input to the VESYS 5W software to evaluate the rut depth during different times of design life under 7×10^6 Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs). The results of the selected mixtures were compared with the mixture designed in the laboratory dense gradation mix Job-Mix Formula (JMF)) within the limits of the Iraqi specification (SCRB,2003). Manipulation of the aggregate gradation that is customary in the implementation of the local mixture showed that the best performance regarding rutting resistance was exhibited by JMF, which decreased the rut depth at 40°C and 60°C by 21.63mm and 44.304mm respectively, in comparison with the conventional mixture. Changing the aggregate gradation of the local mixture gives better performance in rutting resistance without additives or changing the percentage of asphalt, at the same cost.
The Dynamics of the Radiated Field Near a Mobile Phone Connected to a 4G or 5G Network
Authors: Deaconescu D. B. , Buda A. M. , Vatamanu D. , Miclaus S.
Published: February 2022

Characterizing the time variations of signals emitted by mobile terminals provides complementary information to health authorities, especially with the increase of frequency and energy of radiation towards millimeter waves. This experimental work aimed to quantify and classify the time variability of the electric field level measured at 10cm from a mobile phone connected sequentially to a 4th and 5th generation mobile network. Statistic analysis was performed on data from real-time spectrum analyzers, while self-similarity was computed by first recurrence plots of the radiated emissions, corresponding to five different types of mobile applications. Moreover, specificities to the communication standard and the type of application were identified.
Improving the Curvelet Saliency and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Diabetic Retinopathy Classification in Fundus Images
Authors: Tuyet V. T. H. , Binh N. T. , Tin D. T.
Published: February 2022

Retinal vessel images give a wide range of the abnormal pixels of patients. Therefore, classifying the diseases depending on fundus images is a popular approach. This paper proposes a new method to classify diabetic retinopathy in retinal blood vessel images based on curvelet saliency for segmentation. Our approach includes three periods: pre-processing of the quality of input images, calculating the saliency map based on curvelet coefficients, and classifying VGG16. To evaluate the results of the proposed method STARE and HRF datasets are used for testing with the Jaccard Index. The accuracy of the proposed method is about 98.42% and 97.96% with STARE and HRF datasets respectively.
Electromagnetic and Thermal Analysis of Interior Permanent Magnet Motors Using Filled Slots and Hairpin Windings
Authors: Minh D. B. , Phuong N. H. , Quoc V. D. , Duc H. B.
Published: February 2022

This paper analyzes the electromagnetic and thermal design of interior permanent magnet motors using filled slots and hairpin windings for electric vehicle applications. Two models of ∇ shape of the interior permanent magnet motors have been proposed to evaluate the temperature distribution and cogging torque performance. A narrow opening slot of the interior permanent magnet of 48 slots/8 poles with the filled winding has been designed to investigate the electromagnetic torque because the cogging torque depends on opening stator slots. A parallel–rectangle slot of the interior permanent magnet with the hairpin winding has been also implemented with finite element analysis to evaluate their performances. Normally, the slot opening of the interior permanent magnet stator equals the slot width, it is greater than the size of hairpin windings, and the cogging torque is increased significantly with a bigger slot opening. The main advantage of the hairpin winding design is the high slot fill factors. Hence, the lower the current density, the higher torque, and efficiency are, than the normal design with the same geometry parameters. To improve the cogging torque due to the wide slot opening, the step–skew rotor slices have been arranged to minimize the torque ripple with different skewing angles.
Investigation of Polycaprolactone/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Scaffolds by Mechanical and Thermal Analysis
Authors: Sriputtha N. , Wiwatwongwana F. , Promma N.
Published: February 2022

The objective of this work was to learn more about three-dimensional porous scaffolds made from biomaterial based on polycaprolactone (PCL) containing different amounts of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) nanoparticles. Composite material samples containing 0, 2, 6.5, 11, 15.5, and 20% w/w of CMC and PCL/CMC scaffolds were prepared with the use of the salt particle leached technique. The mechanical properties were evaluated with the compressive strength analysis method. The studied temperature range started at very low temperatures and ended at crosslinking temperatures. It was evaluated using the thermal analysis methods of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) in the range 0ºC-200ºC. The results revealed that the compressive modulus of blended PCL/CMC scaffold was higher than the one of pure PCL scaffold (582.2±106.2 kPa for pure PCL scaffold and 612.2±296 kPa for blended scaffold which contained 20% of CMC). For DSC analysis, in addition to the 15.5% w/w CMC PCL/CMC composite scaffold, other proportions of composite materials showed a decrease in crystallization temperature. The crystallinity of PCL-20% CMC was higher than that of PCL scaffolds.