bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Circulating mRNA Panel for the Early Detection of Gastric Cancer: A Potential Biomarker Test
Authors: Peng Xinyu , Teng Xiaoyan , Ma Qian , Han Da
Published: September 2024

Circulating free messenger RNAs (cfmRNAs) in serum have emerged as potential noninvasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, including gastric cancer (GC). This study utilized RNA‐sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to identify a training set of 100 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to GC patients. Employing a support vector machine (SVM) classification, we narrowed down the candidate gene set to 23, which was further refined to 4 genes–DMBX1, EVX1, MAL, and PIWIL1–after validation through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The diagnostic performance of mRNA panels, particularly the combinations of DMBX1 with EVX1 and EVX1 with PIWIL1, was exceptional, achieving area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.800, sensitivities of 90.0 %, and specificities of 80.0 %. The accuracy of these biomarkers was corroborated through various machine learning algorithms, underscoring their robust diagnostic potential. The findings of this study are poised to significantly influence clinical practice by providing robust tools for early GC detection. As these biomarkers undergo further investigation and validation, they hold promise to become integral to the diagnostic for GC.
Sources of Rapid and Delayed New Lower Jaw Input in the Forepaw Barrel Subfield (FBS) in Rat Primary Somatosensory Cortex (SI) Following Forelimb Deafferentation
Authors: Pellicer‐Morata Violeta , Wang Lie , Curry Amy de Jongh , Tsao Jack W. , Waters Robert S.
Published: September 2024

Previously, we reported an immediate emergence of new lower jaw input to the anterior forepaw barrel subfield (FBS) in primary somatosensory cortex (SI) following forelimb deafferentation. However, a delay of 7 weeks or more post‐amputation results in the presence of this new input to both anterior and posterior FBS. The immediate change suggests pre‐existing latent lower jaw input in the FBS, whereas the delayed alteration implies the involvement of alternative sources. One possible source for immediate lower jaw responses is the neighboring lower jaw barrel subfield (LJBSF). We used anatomical tracers to investigate the possible projection of LJBSF to the FBS in normal and forelimb‐amputated rats. Our findings are as follows: (1) anterograde tracer injection into LJBSF in normal and amputated rats labeled fibers and terminals exclusively in the anterior FBS; (2) retrograde tracer injection in the anterior FBS in normal and forelimb‐amputated rats, heavily labeled cell bodies predominantly in the posterior LJBSF, with fewer in the anterior LJBSF; (3) retrograde tracer injection in the posterior FBS in normal and forelimb‐amputated rats, sparsely labeled cell bodies in the posterior LJBSF; (4) retrograde tracer injection in anterior and posterior FBS in normal and forelimb‐amputated rats, labeled cells exclusively in ventral posterior lateral (VPL) nucleus and posterior thalamus (PO); (5) retrograde tracer injection in LJBSF‐labeled cell bodies exclusively in ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus and PO. These findings suggest that LJBSF facilitates rapid lower jaw reorganization in the anterior FBS, whereas VPL and/or other subcortical sites provide a likely substrate for delayed reorganization observed in the posterior FBS.
Tunable Properties of Non‐Volatile Magnetic Mixtures on Different Surfaces
Authors: Abellán‐Martín Sergio J. , Zapater Cristina , González‐Gallardo Nerea , Aguirre Miguel Ángel , Vidal Lorena , Ramón Diego J. , Canals Antonio
Published: September 2024

In this work, the surface nature‐dependent behaviors of magnetic deep eutectic solvents (MDESs) and magnetic low‐transition‐temperature non‐volatile mixtures (MLTTMs) are reported for the first time. It has been observed that the surface of the material where the MDES or the MLTTM is placed could considerably affect the dispersion and the magnetic and structural properties of these magnetic mixtures. Different techniques and analyses have been carried out to highlight the differences observed in the properties depending on the material on which these magnetic mixtures are placed. To that end, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), surface tension, contact angle and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX) measurements have been performed. As a result, it has been shown that the MDESs or MLTTMs are retained and adhered to glass surfaces, resulting in a loss of magnetism of the mixture in addition to a loss in the performance of synthesis carried out on the closeness of glass materials as the interaction between the glass and the mixture modify the composition and therefore the properties. As a preliminary result, when using these magnetic mixtures as extractant solvents in dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction, the MDES or MLTTM is retained on the walls of the glass tubes reducing the extraction efficiency, repeatability and the extraction recovery using an external magnetic field. For all these reasons, polypropylene materials should be recommended when handling magnetic deep eutectic solvents and non‐volatile MLTTMs.
Diagnosis and Management of Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Lazzaro Alexander , Zhao Grace (Qing) , Kulke Matthew
Published: September 2024

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignancy, often characterized by the unregulated secretion of parathyroid hormone. The sequelae of severe hypercalcemia together with direct complications from tumor dissemination in patients with advanced disease are usually fatal. Due to its rarity, formal studies to guide the diagnosis and management of parathyroid carcinoma are lacking. However, recent data from case reports, case series, and registry studies suggest the emergence of new and effective treatment approaches for this understudied disease. We reviewed existing literature on the diagnosis and management of parathyroid carcinoma. Our findings suggest that traditional approaches such as surgical resection for both localized and metastatic diseases continue to play an important role in patient management. For patients with unresectable disease, newer systemic treatment approaches, including the use of temozolomide and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, may offer clinical benefit.
Fasudil attenuates syncytin‐1‐mediated activation of microglia and impairments of motor neurons and motor function in mice
Authors: Mao Mei , Zeng Wen , Zheng Yan , Fan Wen , Yao Yuanrong
Published: September 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease. Syncytin‐1 (Syn), an envelope glycoprotein encoded by the env gene of the human endogenous retrovirus‐W family, has been resorted to be highly expressed in biopsies from the muscles from ALS patients; however, the specific regulatory role of Syn during ALS progression remains uncovered.

In this study, C57BL/6 mice were injected with adeno‐associated virus‐overexpressing Syn, with or without Fasudil administration. The Syn expression was assessed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analysis. The histological change of anterior tibial muscles was determined by hematoxylin‐eosin staining. Qualitative ultrastructural analysis of electron micrographs obtained from lumbar spinal cords was carried out. Serum inflammatory cytokines were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay and motor function was recorded using Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring, climbing test and treadmill running test. Immunofluorescence and western blot assays were conducted to examine microglial‐ and motor neurons‐related proteins.

Syn overexpression significantly caused systemic inflammatory response, muscle tissue lesions, and motor dysfunction in mice. Meanwhile, Syn overexpression promoted the impairment of motor neuron, evidenced by the damaged structure of the neurons and reduced expression of microtubule‐associated protein 2, HB9, neuronal nuclei and neuron‐specific enolase in Syn‐induced mice. In addition, Syn overexpression greatly promoted the expression of CD16/CD32 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (M1 phenotype markers), and reduced the expression of CD206 and arginase 1 (M2 phenotype markers). Importantly, the above changes caused by Syn overexpression were partly abolished by Fasudil administration.

This study provides evidence that Syn‐activated microglia plays a pivotal role during the progression of ALS.
Biphenylsulfonamides as effective MMP‐2 inhibitors with promising antileukemic efficacy: Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation, molecular docking, and MD simulation analysis
Authors: Baidya Sandip K. , Patel Tarun , Himaja Ambati , Banerjee Suvankar , Das Sanjib , Ghosh Balaram , Jha Tarun , Adhikari Nilanjan
Published: September 2024

Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) possesses a correlation with leukemia especially chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, no such MMP‐2 inhibitor has come out in the market to date for treating leukemia. In this study, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of a set of biphenylsulfonamide derivatives as promising MMP‐2 inhibitors were performed, focusing on their potential applications as antileukemic therapeutics. Compounds DH‐18 and DH‐19 exerted the most effective MMP‐2 inhibition (IC50 of 139.45 nM and 115.16 nM, respectively) with potent antileukemic efficacy against the CML cell line K562 (IC50 of 0.338 µM and 0.398 µM, respectively). The lead molecules DH‐18 and DH‐19 reduced the MMP‐2 expression by 21.3% and 17.8%, respectively with effective apoptotic induction (45.4% and 39.8%, respectively) in the K562 cell line. Moreover, both these compounds significantly arrested different phases of the cell cycle. Again, both these molecules depicted promising antiangiogenic efficacy in the ACHN cell line. Nevertheless, the molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies revealed that DH‐18 formed strong bidentate chelation with the catalytic Zn2+ ion through the hydroxamate zinc binding group (ZBG). Apart from that, the MD simulation study also disclosed stable binding interactions of DH‐18 and MMP‐2 along with crucial interactions with active site amino acid residues namely His120, Glu121, His124, His130, Pro140, and Tyr142. In a nutshell, this study highlighted the importance of biphenylsulfonamide‐based novel and promising MMP‐2 inhibitors to open up a new avenue for potential therapy against CML.
Effects of Peripubertal Experiences on Competitive Behavior in Male Rats at Different Stages of Adulthood
Authors: Huang Jinkun , Yang Wenjia , Bao Lili , Yin Bin
Published: September 2024

Past studies in animal models have extensively investigated the impact of early life experiences on behavioral development, yet relatively few have specifically examined the implications of peripubertal experiences on the evolution of competitive behavior across distinct stages of adulthood. In the current research, we probed potential differences in competitive behavior during emerging adulthood (3 months old) and middle adulthood (12 months old) in 81 Sprague‐Dawley male rats exposed to three different peripubertal (postnatal Days 37–60) environments: an enriched environment (EE), a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) condition, and a control condition. Anxiety‐like behavior served as a positive control in our study. Results revealed significant variations in competitive behavior among the groups during emerging adulthood. The EE group displayed the least anxiety and outperformed their peers in food‐reward‐oriented competition, whereas the CUMS group excelled in status‐driven, agonistic competition. However, these behavioral differentiations gradually attenuated by middle adulthood, at which point the control group began to show an advantage. Our findings suggest that although peripubertal experiences significantly shape competitive behavior in the emerging adulthood stage, this effect diminishes over time and is nearly non‐detectable during mid‐adulthood, underscoring the fluidity of behavioral development and demonstrating that the effects of peripubertal experiences can be modulated by subsequent life experiences.
Evaluating the Use of the Penman–Monteith and Priestley–Taylor Algorithms for Modelling Peatland Evapotranspiration Using the Cold Regions Hydrological Model
Authors: Van Huizen Brandon , Petrone Richard M. , Fang Xing , Pomeroy John W.
Published: September 2024

Methods used to quantify evapotranspiration (ET) from Sphagnum‐dominated peatlands often assume that soil moisture is not a limiting factor; actual ET (AET) equals potential ET (PET). However, soil moisture can become limiting as peatlands dry, lowering AET below PET and necessitating the use of a surface resistance term in AET estimations. Quantifying and calculating surface resistance is a challenge for the non‐vascular plant surfaces such as those dominated by Sphagnum moss. This paper explores and quantifies the ecohydrological processes that drive Sphagnum resistance to ET. It is hypothesized that a relationship exists between the Sphagnum moss resistance and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated hydraulic conductivity (K‐ratio) for boreal peatlands, where the K‐ratio is a proxy for the hydrophysical properties of the porous medium. An empirical relationship between Sphagnum moss resistance and the K‐ratio was developed from data collected from a boreal peatland and implemented in the cold regions hydrological model. Empirically modelled resistance values (0–800 s m−1) did not match well with estimates from inverting observations and the Penman–Monteith (PM) algorithm (0–5000 s m−1). Difficulties in validating resistance values were possibly due to lack of moisture limiting conditions although this is seemingly contradicted by the alpha value being less than 1. Priestley–Taylor (PT) and PM algorithms in CRHM were used to estimate AET and compared with each other and with observations from an onsite eddy covariance (EC) system. The PT algorithm, using a site‐specific alpha value (0.75) performed the best with a mean difference of 9.4% (±12.0%) when compared to EC measurements of AET. The PM algorithm consistently overestimated EC measurements with a mean difference of 68.4% (±50.0%), even with a moss resistance incorporated into its use. The performance of PM algorithm is impeded by the uncertainty in quantifying Sphagnum resistance. Reducing this uncertainty should be a focus of future studies, as it does not require the use of a site‐specific alpha value.
Revolutionizing disease treatment through bioengineered probiotics and glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) based strategies: A path towards effective cures
Authors: Jain Smriti , Shukla Adarsh Kumar , Deepika  , Panwar Surbhi , Kumari Anita , Yadav Ashok Kumar , Kumar Ashwani
Published: September 2024

Human intestinal gut microbiota harbors complex and diverse microbes that play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment in humans. The rise in mortality and morbidity rates among humans because of the increased incidence of food‐borne pathogens and the habits of individuals to eat junk food poses greater concerns and needs to be addressed. Bioengineering of probiotics has enabled the researchers to advance their research by developing probiotics with more functionalities. Moreover, GLP‐1 peptides which are incretin hormones have been shown to be more effective when combined with engineered probiotics. Various studies have shown its effectiveness in diabetic mice where human‐modified GLP‐1 produced long‐lasting benefits and research is going on to study its role in other diseases. The role of designer probiotics in treating and preventing diseases have been of much interest in recent times. However, the role of GLP‐1 peptides in treating diseases and their efficacy in combination with next‐gen biotherapeutics have received little attention. Thus, this review enlightens about the baseline knowledge as well as knowledge gaps related to conventional and genetically engineered probiotics. It also discusses the effect of GLP‐1 peptides in combination with bioengineered probiotics to prevent and treat diseases.
Two new species of Ocotea (Lauraceae) from Cuba
Authors: Rohwer Jens G.
Published: September 2024

Two new species of Ocotea (Lauraceae) from Cuba are described based on morphological data combined with the result of a previous molecular phylogenetic analysis.
Insights of resources productivity and green technologies impact on renewable energy consumption: Novel MMQR approach
Authors: Radulescu Magdalena , Barut Abdulkadir , Si Mohammed Kamel , Nassani Abdelmohsen A. , Cutcu Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the dynamic effect of resource productivity and green technologies on renewable energy (RE) use in 28 middle‐income countries from 2006 to 2022 using MMQR, QR and causality techniques. Results suggested that green technology innovation substantially influences RE use. Second, the significant positive coefficients show that resource productivity leads to higher RE consumption at the upper quantile due to decoupling Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth from extracting natural resources, indicating a transition towards more sustainable and efficient practices. Based on the empirical findings, several policy implications are suggested for middle‐income economies.
Doing the Right Thing? General Practitioners' Considerations in Achieving a Timely Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Visser Fleur C. W. , van Eersel Marlise E. A. , van der Zaag‐Loonen Hester J. , Hempenius Liesbeth , Perry Marieke , van Munster Barbara C.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Timely detection and diagnosis of dementia are beneficial for providing appropriate, anticipatory care and preventing acute situations. However, initiating diagnostic testing is a complex and dynamic process that requires general practitioners (GPs) to balance competing priorities. Previously identified barriers, such as a lack of time, knowledge, and resources, may not fully represent the challenges involved in this process. Therefore, this study aimed to examine GPs' more implicit considerations on starting the diagnostic trajectory for dementia.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted using semi‐structured interviews with 14 Dutch GPs who were purposively selected through maximum variation sampling. The interview transcripts were inductively analyzed in multiple rounds by a multidisciplinary research team using thematic analysis.

Results

GPs' considerations on starting the diagnostic trajectory for dementia can be summarized in three main themes that are interconnected: (1) ‘the presumed patient's willingness’, that is, facing a dilemma of wanting to respect patient autonomy in cases of denial or an absence of a diagnostic request, while at the same time identifying a problem and feeling the urgency to act; (2) ‘the GP's attempt not to harm’, that is, balancing between not wanting to harm the patient and/or relatives with the burdensome label of dementia and with the possible negative consequences of a late diagnosis; and (3) ‘time, trust, and interprofessional collaboration influence timeliness of diagnostic work‐up’, that is, time available for consultations, time as a diagnostic factor, GP's diagnostic confidence, and trustful physician–patient relationship.

Conclusions

This study revealed that important ethical dilemmas regarding patient autonomy and the principle of doing no harm lie behind practical GP barriers to initiating diagnostic testing for dementia. Time, trust, and interprofessional collaboration were found to facilitate GPs in determining the right decision and timing with each individual patient and their relatives. Future research could explore the value of diagnostic decision aids that explicitly involve patients and their relatives in this balancing act.
Suction‐Based Optical Coherence Elastography for the Biomechanical Characterization of Pathological Skin Conditions: A Pilot Study
Authors: van Haasterecht L. , Bartolini L. , Louter J. M. I. , González P. J. , Niessen F. B. , Iannuzzi D. , Groot M. L. , van Zuijlen P. P. M.
Published: September 2024

Accurate characterization of mechanical properties is crucial in the evaluation of therapeutic effects for problematic skin conditions. A pilot study was carried out using a novel optical coherence elastography (OCE) device, combining mechanical characterization through suction‐based deformation and imaging through optical coherence tomography. Using AI‐assisted image segmentation and a power‐law model, we were able to describe the mechanical behavior, comparing with measurements from the most commonly used commercial instrument (Cutometer) and subjective analyses of stiffness using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Twenty subjects were included with either keloids or hypertrophic scars. Measurements were fast and produced no discomfort. Mechanical and structural (epidermal thickness and rugosity) descriptors in pathologic skin conditions differed significantly from those in control tissue. We showed for the first time, the clinical feasibility of this novel suction‐based OCE device in evaluating mechanical and structural properties in pathological skin conditions such as scars.
45S5 Bioactive Glass‐Ointment Positively Effects on Wound Healing in Rats by Regulating TNFα, Il‐10, VEGF, and TGFβ
Authors: Kırgız Ömer , Altuğ Muhammed Enes , Özkan Hüseyin , Han Mehmet Cengiz , Akçakavak Gökhan , Özarslan Ali Can , Yücel Sevil
Published: September 2024

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the effects of 45S5 bioactive glass‐ointment (BG) on cutaneous wound healing in rats at the molecular, biochemical, and histopathological levels.

Materials and Methods

Thirty‐two rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): Control, Sham, BG, and DEX (Dexpanthenol). While no wound treatment was applied to the CONTROL, a wound model was created in the Sham, and no treatment was applied. A wound model was created for other groups, and BG and DEX were applied locally for 21 days. During the 21‐day experiment period, feed and water consumption and weight changes were observed. Wound areas were calculated on days 0, 3, 7, 4, and 21. Following treatment, the rats were euthanized and tissues from the wound area and blood samples were collected. While the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα), Interleukin 6 (IL6), Interleukin 10 (IL10), transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes were determined by qPCR, the levels of TNFα, IL6, and IL10 proteins were measured by ELISA.

Results

It was observed that the BG group showed anti‐inflammatory activity by suppressing TNFα levels and stimulating IL‐10. In addition, it was determined that BG increased fibroblast activity and vascularization.

Conclusion

Current findings showed that topical application of BG has anti‐inflammatory effects, while also accelerating healing by increasing vascularity and making positive contributions to tissue healing.
An incomplete picture: A scoping review of how scholars account for race and ethnicity in family homelessness research
Authors: Heaton Abigail
Published: September 2024

Families of color in the United States experience homelessness at a disproportionately higher rate than White families; however, little is known about how scholars account for race and ethnicity in family homelessness research. This scoping review analyzes how researchers examine race and ethnicity in conceptual frameworks, methods, and analysis.

Following PRISMA‐ScR reporting standards, I searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and ERIC for quantitative studies including a housing outcome for homeless service‐involved families. I used Covidence to screen for inclusion and extract data, and QuADS to evaluate study quality.

Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria. Researchers’ articles lacked theory and the context of racism, lacked detail on how race and ethnicity were conceptualized and operationalized, and most (71%) did not disaggregate results.

Without putting data within the context of systemic racism and disaggregating outcomes, research will produce incomplete knowledge on family homelessness, leading to ineffective interventions for families of color.
Short‐form thymic stromal lymphopoietin (sfTSLP) restricts herpes simplex virus infection of human primary keratinocytes
Authors: Zeitvogel Jana , Döhner Katinka , Klug Ilona , Richardo Timmy , Sodeik Beate , Werfel Thomas
Published: September 2024

Eczema herpeticum (EH) is a disseminated severe herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) infection that mainly occurs in a subset of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD). EH is complex and multifaceted, involving immunological changes, environmental influences, and genetic aberrations. Certain genetic variants of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) may predispose to develop severe HSV‐1‐induced eczema. Therefore, we investigated the impact of TSLP on HSV‐1 infection. TSLP encodes for two distinct forms: a long‐form (lfTSLP), primarily associated with type 2 immunity, and a short‐form (sfTSLP) with anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. While sfTSLP reduced HSV‐1 infectibility in human primary keratinocytes (HPK), lfTSLP did not. In HPK treated with sfTSLP, HSV‐1 gene expression, and replication decreased, while virion binding to cells and targeting of incoming capsids to the nucleus were not diminished compared to untreated cells. sfTSLP caused only minor changes in the expression of innate immunity cytokines, and its inhibition of HSV‐1 infection did not require de novo protein synthesis. Time window experiments indicated a different antiviral mechanism than LL‐37. sfTSLP showed the strongest antiviral effect when administered to HPK before or after inoculation with HSV‐1, and outperformed the inhibitory potential of LL‐37 under these conditions. Our data show that sfTSLP has antiviral functions and promotes repression of the HSV‐1 infection in HPK.
Long lasting effect of intramuscular iodine injection in the treatment of goiter in an intestinal failure patient with complete entero‐colectomy
Authors: Belaid Sirine , Raghu Vikram , Alissa Feras , Rudolph Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

Individuals with intestinal failure are at risk of micronutrient deficiencies, including iodine, an essential trace element critical for thyroid hormone production. In patients entirely dependent on parenteral nutrition, options for replenishing and maintaining iodine levels are severely restricted as oral forms have limited absorption, and intravenous alternatives are unavailable. Ethiodized oil (Lipiodol‐TM) is an iodinated contrast agent with an unusually long half‐life that can be given orally or injected into a target organ. We report the successful use of intramuscular injection of ethiodized oil in treating goiter in a patient with total entero‐colectomy and in sustaining long lasting thyroid function for over 5 years.
Narrative reanalysis: A methodological framework for a new brand of reviews
Authors: Hall Steven , Leeder Erin
Published: September 2024

In response to the evolving needs of knowledge synthesis, this manuscript introduces the concept of narrative reanalysis, a method that refines data from initial reviews, such as systematic and reviews, to focus on specific sub‐phenomena. Unlike traditional narrative reviews, which lack the methodological rigor of systematic reviews and are broader in scope, our methodological framework for narrative reanalysis applies a structured, systematic framework to the interpretation of existing data. This approach enables a focused investigation of nuanced topics within a broader dataset, enhancing understanding and generating new insights. We detail a five‐stage methodological framework that guides the narrative reanalysis process: (1) retrieval of an initial review, (2) identification and justification of a sub‐phenomenon, (3) expanded search, selection, and extraction of data, (4) reanalyzing the sub‐phenomenon, and (5) writing the report. The proposed framework aims to standardize narrative reanalysis, advocating for its use in academic and research settings to foster more rigorous and insightful literature reviews. This approach bridges the methodological gap between narrative and systematic reviews, offering a valuable tool for researchers to explore detailed aspects of broader topics without the extensive resources required for systematic reviews.
Fast‐and‐frugal decision tree for the rapid critical appraisal of systematic reviews
Authors: Lorenz Robert C. , Jenny Mirjam , Jacobs Anja , Matthias Katja
Published: September 2024

Conducting high‐quality overviews of reviews (OoR) is time‐consuming. Because the quality of systematic reviews (SRs) varies, it is necessary to critically appraise SRs when conducting an OoR. A well‐established appraisal tool is A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2, which takes about 15–32 min per application. To save time, we developed two fast‐and‐frugal decision trees (FFTs) for assessing the methodological quality of SR for OoR either during the full‐text screening stage (Screening FFT) or to the resulting pool of SRs (Rapid Appraisal FFT). To build a data set for developing the FFT, we identified published AMSTAR 2 appraisals. Overall confidence ratings of the AMSTAR 2 were used as a criterion and the 16 items as cues. One thousand five hundred and nineteen appraisals were obtained from 24 publications and divided into training and test data sets. The resulting Screening FFT consists of three items and correctly identifies all non‐critically low‐quality SRs (sensitivity of 100%), but has a positive predictive value of 59%. The three‐item Rapid Appraisal FFT correctly identifies 80% of the high‐quality SRs and correctly identifies 97% of the low‐quality SRs, resulting in an accuracy of 95%. The FFTs require about 10% of the 16 AMSTAR 2 items. The Screening FFT may be applied during full‐text screening to exclude SRs with critically low quality. The Rapid Appraisal FFT may be applied to the final SR pool to identify SR that might be of high methodological quality.
Development of a pre‐column derivatization ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method for polysaccharide and monosaccharide quantification in Lycium barbarum
Authors: Zhao Zhilong , Bai Yunfeng , Chen Huan , Wang Weibiao , Ding Shuqin , Zhang Yue , Sa Yuping , Chen Guoning , Ma Xueqin
Published: September 2024

Given the limited specificity and accuracy observed in the current official colorimetric quantification of polysaccharide in Lycium barbarum, our study aims to establish a novel, specific, accurate, and economic pre‐column derivatization ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method for determining the monosaccharide and polysaccharide content in L. barbarum. The optimization of extraction, hydrolysis, and derivatization (using 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐5‐pyrazolone) processes for polysaccharide from L. barbarum was conducted initially, followed by separation of nine monosaccharides within 20 min using UHPLC with a C18 column. Subsequently, a novel method known as quantitative analysis of multiple components by single marker was developed, utilizing either additive 2‐deoxy‐D‐ribose or any monosaccharide present in the sample as a single reference standard to simultaneously detect the contents of polysaccharide and nine monosaccharides in L. barbarum. To validate the accuracy of the established method, the quantitative results of our approach were compared to both external and internal standard method methods. The minimal relative errors in the quantitative determination of monosaccharides among the three methods confirmed the dependability of the method. By analyzing 20 batches of L. barbarum samples, D‐galacturonic acid exhibited the highest content and the polysaccharide levels ranged from 3.02 to 13.04 mg/g. All data implied the specificity and accuracy of the method.
Enhancing memorable volunteer tourism experiences through mindfulness: A case of short‐term volunteer tourists
Authors: Eck Thomas , An Soyoung , Jiang Li , Choe Yunseon
Published: September 2024

Voluntourism has been increasingly researched in tourism studies. However, the need remains to better understand what drives memorable experiences in such a context. This research applied mindfulness theory in the setting of voluntourism. The influence of mindfulness among voluntourists was studied along with dimensions of memorable tourism experiences (MTEs, i.e., hedonism, involvement, meaningfulness, knowledge, novelty, and local culture) and revisit intention among voluntourists. A structural model was employed with twelve hypotheses pertaining to data collected from 342 Chinese residents who had prior voluntourism experience before data collection in March 2020. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test relationships between variables. Data analysis demonstrated that mindfulness significantly influenced all six dimensions of MTEs in this study. Four of the dimensions of MTE (i.e., hedonism, involvement, meaningfulness, and local culture) significantly influenced revisit intention.
The bioinductive collagen implant yields positive histological, clinical and MRI outcomes in the management of rotator cuff tears: A systematic review
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Marino Martina , de Sire Alessandro , Ruiz‐Iban Miguel A. , D'Hooghe Pieter
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to report and discuss the outcomes of clinical, histological and animal studies exploring the application of bio‐inductive collagen implants (BCIs) to partial and full‐thickness rotator cuff tears (PT‐ and FT‐RCTs) in addition to reporting on cost‐related factors.

Methods

Review of literature was performed using the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic electronic literature search was conducted using the CENTRAL, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, EMBASE and Google Scholar bibliographic databases. Microsoft Excel was used to create tables onto which extracted data were recorded. Tables were organized based on the research statement formulated using the PICO approach. No statistical analysis was performed.

Results

Nine studies evaluated clinical and MRI outcomes of BCI augmentation for FT‐RCTs, seven evaluated similar outcomes when applied to PT‐RCTs, two additional studies were case reports and three studies assessed application to FT‐ and PT‐RCTs without stratification of results, one of which also reported on histological data. Two studies reported on histological data alone, and finally, two reported on healthcare costs. BCI augmentation, alone and combined with rotator cuff repair (RCR), displays generally good histological, postoperative clinical and MRI outcomes for PT‐ and FT‐RCT treatment. Recent economic analyses seem to be in favour of the use of this procedure, when selected and applied for appropriate patient populations.

Conclusion

Several studies have shown promising results of BCI application to PT‐ and FT‐RCTs, both concomitantly and independently from RCR. Investigations report promising histological characteristics, improved clinical outcomes, increased tendon thickness, reduced defect size and lower re‐tear rates.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
A Comprehensive Study on Young Roots of Acacia mangium Willd. Species for Soil Bioengineering
Authors: Phan Trung Nghia , Kraithong Pinyapat , Likitlersuang Chanud , Likitlersuang Suched
Published: September 2024

Soil bioengineering has been leveraged for controlling shallow landslides and soil erosion. Acacia mangium Willd. species is widely used for soil bioengineering, but its root properties have not been extensively investigated. This study aimed to measure the various properties (i.e., morphological traits, biomechanical properties, chemical composition and root reinforcement) for establishing roots of A. mangium Willd. species through a series of laboratory experiments (i.e., rhizobox observation, uniaxial tensile test, direct shear and volumetric water content and suction monitoring). The results underscored the rapid growth (i.e., 0.43 ± 0.01 cm/day) and highlighted variations in “side” root area ratios of A. mangium Willd. species with depth. Root orientation also demonstrated a significant correlation with root diameter following a linear model (p < 0.05, R
2 = 0.39). At the early‐stage establishment (28 weeks), A. mangium Willd. roots exhibited the tensile strength, Young's modulus and mechanical reinforcement of 10.18 ± 0.62 MPa, 325.18 ± 21.72 MPa and 3.15 kPa, respectively. The presence of roots was found to increase the soil suction, air‐entry value and saturated water content of lateritic soil by improving the soil‐water characteristic curve. This work elucidated the root properties of A. mangium Willd. during the early‐stage establishment, raising caution for the design of slope‐stabilisation projects using soil bioengineering, especially during the initial phase of projects.
Circular RNAs in human diseases
Authors: Wang Yuanyong , Zhang Jin , Yang Yuchen , Liu Zhuofeng , Sun Sijia , Li Rui , Zhu Hui , Li Tian , Zheng Jin , Li Jie , Ma Litian
Published: September 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a unique class of RNA molecules formed through back‐splicing rather than linear splicing. As an emerging field in molecular biology, circRNAs have garnered significant attention due to their distinct structure and potential functional implications. A comprehensive understanding of circRNAs’ functions and potential clinical applications remains elusive despite accumulating evidence of their involvement in disease pathogenesis. Recent research highlights their significant roles in various human diseases, but comprehensive reviews on their functions and applications remain scarce. This review provides an in‐depth examination of circRNAs, focusing first on their involvement in non‐neoplastic diseases such as respiratory, endocrine, metabolic, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. We then explore their roles in tumors, with particular emphasis on exosomal circular RNAs, which are crucial for cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to treatment. By detailing their biogenesis, functions, and impact on disease mechanisms, this review underscores the potential of circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The review not only enhances our understanding of circRNAs’ roles in specific diseases and tumor types but also highlights their potential as novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools, thereby paving the way for future clinical investigations and potential therapeutic interventions.
Frameshift Mutation in PAX2 Related to Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hu Xueling , Lin Wei , Luo Zengyuan , Zhong Yong , Xiao Xiangcheng , Tang Rong
Published: September 2024

Background

Paired box gene 2 (PAX2) heterozygous mutations can cause renal coloboma syndrome, but its role in patients with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) has been rarely reported.

Methods

Based on the clinical manifestations and renal pathological characteristics of the patient, as well as familial whole exome sequencing, the diagnosis of FSGS related to PAX2 mutation was confirmed. Treatment such as lowering urinary protein and blood pressure was given, and the patient was followed up and observed.

Results

There is a familial heterozygous case presented with chronic kidney disease secondary to FSGS, which was related to PAX2 frameshift mutation due to the deletion of G at the position 76 (c.76delG). To our knowledge, this is the first report of PAX2 c.76delG variant related to adult‐onset FSGS.

Conclusion

Here, we further expand the phenotypic spectrum of FSGS. Genetic screening especially PAX2 mutation is recommended in patients with adult‐onset FSGS of unknown etiology.
The mental health of expeditionary women in Antarctica: A systematic review
Authors: de Souza Mayra Gabriela Machado , Junior Jairo Werner
Published: September 2024

Antarctica is considered an isolated, confined, and extreme environment. Expeditionary members' health conditions deserve special attention in such environments since access to healthcare is difficult and social networks are limited. Women in Antarctica not only are a minority recently integrated into a predominantly male setting, but also need to withstand the environment's influence and demonstrate emotional intelligence, physical capacity, and intellectual competence to share this environment, which does not always provide structures adapted to their daily needs. Our objective was to analyze quantitative evidence on the health of expeditionary women in Antarctica. This is a systematic review of the narrative synthesis type, consulting the principal databases. The inclusion criteria were quantitative, observational studies with measures of mental disorders during expeditions on the frozen continent or after conclusion of the missions. Exclusion criteria were review studies and studies that only included men. Results: We retrieved 1865 publications and included 43 in the review that contained specific results for expeditionary women (n = 7); results of expeditionary crews of both sexes but reported without specification by gender (n = 25); and results pertaining to expeditionary members reported by terms that prevented specification by gender (n = 11). The literature is inconsistent on the mental health of expeditionary women in isolated, confined, and extreme environments. Even so, the review showed that women appear to be more prone to manifesting depressive symptoms and that gender appears to influence sleep quality. More studies are needed that specify the psychological alterations developed by women in Antarctica.
Joint learning of nonlinear representation and projection for fast constrained MRSI reconstruction
Authors: Li Yahang , Ruhm Loreen , Wang Zepeng , Zhao Ruiyang , Anderson Aaron , Arnold Paul , Huesmann Graham , Henning Anke , Lam Fan
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To develop and evaluate a novel method for computationally efficient reconstruction from noisy MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data.

Methods

The proposed method features (a) a novel strategy that jointly learns a nonlinear low‐dimensional representation of high‐dimensional spectroscopic signals and a neural‐network‐based projector to recover the low‐dimensional embeddings from noisy/limited data; (b) a formulation that integrates the forward encoding model, a regularizer exploiting the learned representation, and a complementary spatial constraint; and (c) a highly efficient algorithm enabled by the learned projector within an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) framework, circumventing the computationally expensive network inversion subproblem.

Results

The proposed method has been evaluated using simulations as well as in vivo H and P MRSI data, demonstrating improved performance over state‐of‐the‐art methods, with about 6 fewer averages needed than standard Fourier reconstruction for similar metabolite estimation variances and up to 100 reduction in processing time compared to a prior neural network constrained reconstruction method. Computational and theoretical analyses were performed to offer further insights into the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Conclusion

A novel method was developed for fast, high‐SNR spatiospectral reconstruction from noisy MRSI data. We expect our method to be useful for enhancing the quality of MRSI or other high‐dimensional spatiospectral imaging data.
The role of graphene quantum dots in cutting‐edge medical therapies
Authors: Arab Kosar , Jafari Aliakbar , Shahi Farangis
Published: September 2024

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), owing to their unique optical, electrical, and chemical properties, have emerged as promising nanomaterials for various biomedical applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the utilization of GQDs in tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery systems, and other biomedical therapies. The inherent properties of GQDs, including high biocompatibility, tunable photoluminescence, and significant surface area, make them ideal candidates for enhancing medical treatments and diagnostics. In tissue engineering, GQDs improve the mechanical and biological performance of scaffolds, promoting cell proliferation and differentiation. For wound healing, GQDs enhance antimicrobial activity and facilitate faster tissue regeneration. Their potential in DDS is highlighted by their ability to deliver therapeutic agents efficiently, ensuring targeted and controlled release. Additionally, GQDs play a crucial role in biomedical therapies, particularly in cancer treatment, by enhancing drug efficacy and reducing side effects. While GQDs offer significant potential in enhancing medical treatments and diagnostics, challenges such as understanding their long‐term biocompatibility, potential cytotoxicity at higher concentrations, and the need for standardized synthesis methods remain critical areas for further research. This review also discusses the future directions and opportunities for GQDs, emphasizing their transformative potential in advancing modern healthcare solutions. The insights presented here contribute to the expanding field of GQD research, highlighting their potential to significantly enhance patient outcomes and drive healthcare innovations.
Association between cognitive performance and manual dexterity in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Silva Maria Beatriz Barbosa da , Silva Ellen Cristine Ferreira da , Bispo Maria Eduarda Ferreira da Silva , Nogueira Thais de Souza , Leal Josevan Cerqueira , Mendes Felipe Augusto dos Santos
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological condition resulting from the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Impaired manual dexterity and cognitive impairment are common symptoms and are often associated with recurrent adverse events in this population.

Objective

To verify the association between cognitive performance and manual dexterity in people with PD.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional observational study, with 29 participants, who underwent cognitive and manual dexterity assessments, and the following tools were used: Trail Making Test, box and block test (BBT), Learning Test of Rey and Nine Hole Peg Test. Descriptive statistics for clinical and demographic data were performed using mean and standard deviation, and data normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Spearman's nonparametric test was used to determine the correlation between variables.

Results

Our findings revealed significant associations between cognitive performance and manual dexterity. The nine‐hole peg test positively correlated with TMT—Part A and Part B, establishing a relationship between manual dexterity and cognitive functions such as attention and mental flexibility. On the other hand, BBT showed an inverse relationship with TMT—Part B, indicating that longer time on this task was associated with lower manual dexterity.

Conclusion

Fine manual dexterity had a significant correlation with visual search skills and motor speed, while gross motor dexterity had a negative correlation with cognitive skills. No significant results were demonstrated regarding the interaction between manual dexterity and memory.