bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A YING–YANG THEORY IN NONLINEAR DISCRETE DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: LUO ALBERT C. J.
Published: June 2010

This paper presents a Ying–Yang theory for nonlinear discrete dynamical systems considering both positive and negative iterations of discrete iterative maps. In the existing analysis, the solutions relative to "Yang" in nonlinear dynamical systems are extensively investigated. However, the solutions pertaining to "Ying" in nonlinear dynamical systems are investigated. A set of concepts on "Ying" and "Yang" in discrete dynamical systems are introduced to help one understand the hidden dynamics in nonlinear discrete dynamical systems. Based on the Ying–Yang theory, the periodic and chaotic solutions in nonlinear discrete dynamical system are discussed, and all possible, stable and unstable periodic solutions can be analytically predicted. A discrete dynamical system with the Henon map is investigated, as an example.
COEXISTENCE OF MULTISTABILITY AND CHAOS IN A RING OF DISCRETE NEURAL NETWORK WITH DELAYS
Authors: CHENG CHANG-YUAN
Published: June 2010

A ring of discrete-time delayed neural network with self-feedback and a valid nonmonotonic activation function is explored. Coexistence of multiple stable equilibria and chaotic dynamics are demonstrated in this discrete dynamical system. Specifically, 2m stable stationary solutions and their basins of attraction are found for a loop with m-neurons network. The theory is established by formulating parameter conditions according to a geometric observation. The networks are further confirmed to exhibit chaotic dynamics when the magnitudes of inhibitory self-feedback weights are large enough. The scenario is based on building a snapback repeller and Marotto's theorem.
TWO NEURON CNNS: SEARCH FOR LIMIT CYCLES
Authors: VILASÍS-CARDONA XAVIER , VINYOLES-SERRA MIREIA
Published: June 2010

In this paper, we show sufficient conditions for the existence of limit cycles in the general continuous time two-neuron autonomous CNN. We find that different types of limit cycles correspond to different regions in the template parameter space. Actually, we are able to predict the CNN behavior from the template values for the full parameter range, except for two small bounded regions.
NONLINEAR WEIGHTED p-LAPLACIAN ELLIPTIC INEQUALITIES WITH GRADIENT TERMS
Authors: FILIPPUCCI ROBERTA , PUCCI PATRIZIA , RIGOLI MARCO
Published: June 2010

In this paper, we give sufficient conditions for the existence and nonexistence of nonnegative nontrivial entire weak solutions of p-Laplacian elliptic inequalities, with possibly singular weights and gradient terms, of the form div {g(|x|)|Du|p-2Du} ≥ h(|x|)f(u)ℓ(|Du|). We achieve our conclusions by using a generalized version of the well-known Keller–Ossermann condition, first introduced in [2] for the generalized mean curvature case, and in [11, Sec. 4] for the nonweighted p-Laplacian equation. Several existence results are also proved in Secs. 2 and 3, from which we deduce simple criteria of independent interest stated in the Introduction.
ROTATION NUMBER, PERIODIC FUČIK SPECTRUM AND MULTIPLE PERIODIC SOLUTIONS
Authors: YAN PING , ZHANG MEIRONG
Published: June 2010

In this paper, we will introduce the rotation number for the one-dimensional asymmetric p-Laplacian with a pair of periodic potentials. Two applications of this notion will be given. One is a clear characterization of two unbounded sequences of Fučik curves of the periodic Fučik spectrum of the p-Laplacian with potentials. With the help of the Poincaré–Birkhoff fixed point theorem, the other application is some existence result of multiple periodic solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equations concerning with the p-Laplacian.
THE SHARP ENERGY-CAPACITY INEQUALITY
Authors: USHER MICHAEL
Published: June 2010

Using the Oh–Schwarz spectral invariants and some arguments of Frauenfelder, Ginzburg and Schlenk, we show that the π1-sensitive Hofer–Zehnder capacity of any subset of a closed symplectic manifold is less than or equal to its displacement energy. This estimate is sharp, and implies some new extensions of the Non-Squeezing Theorem.
NONTRIVIAL SOLUTIONS OF p-SUPERLINEAR p-LAPLACIAN PROBLEMS VIA A COHOMOLOGICAL LOCAL SPLITTING
Authors: DEGIOVANNI MARCO , LANCELOTTI SERGIO , PERERA KANISHKA
Published: June 2010

We consider a quasilinear equation, involving the p-Laplace operator, with a p-superlinear nonlinearity. We prove the existence of a nontrivial solution, also when there is no mountain pass geometry, without imposing a global sign condition. Techniques of Morse theory are employed.
THEORETICAL MECHANISTIC STUDY ON THE RADICAL-NEUTRAL REACTION OF CH(X2Π) WITH CH2CO
Authors: LI SHA , GAO YANG , JIA XIU-JUAN , SUN HAO , WANG RONG-SHUN , PAN XIU-MEI
Published: June 2010

A theoretical survey on the potential energy surface for the CH (X2Π) + CH2CO reaction has been carried out. The geometries and energies of all stationary points involved in the reaction are calculated at the UB3LYP/6-311+G(d, p) level. And the more accurate energy information is provided by single point calculations at the UCCSD(T)/6-311++G(2d, 2p) level. Relationships of the reactants, transition states, intermediates, and products are confirmed by the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations. Our calculations demonstrate that this reaction is most likely initiated by carbon-to-olefinic carbon attack manners. The results suggest that P1 (C2H3 + CO) is the most important product through two competitive channels R → IM1 → TS1/P1 → P1 (C2H3 + CO) and R → IM1 → TS1/6 → IM6 → TS6/P1 → P1 (C2H3 + CO) . This study presents highlights of the mechanism of the title reaction, which is in good agreement with experimental results.
THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF A NEW DIOXIRANE C2O4
Authors: HOWART MICHAEL , YONKE BRENDAN , SONG JIE
Published: June 2010

Equilibrium geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies of two isomers of a new substituted dioxirane, C2O4 , are reported. Molecular geometric characteristics, vibrational frequencies, and local atomic charges, are compared with its analog, CO4. It is found that C2O4 is structurally and chemically similar to CO4: one isomer shows the dioxirane rings like most substituted dioxiranes and the other isomer retains a CO3 ring. Equilibrium geometries and vibrational frequencies of two energetically low-lying triplet states of C2O4 are predicted and analyzed.
HUND'S STRONG FIELD STATES OF SUPEROXIDE AND NO(-)
Authors: CHEN EDWARD S. , HERDER CHARLES , KEITH HERMAN , CHEN EDWARD C. M.
Published: June 2010

Hund's state conservation rule predicts (1 × 6) [N (4S) + O(-)(2P)] plus 9 × 9 [(3P) N(-) + O(3P)] = 87 spin states for NO(-). The experimental Ea(NO) , 0.92(2)-0.16(2) eV are assigned to the (3 + 27) bonding states with anion bond orders, 0.80-1.15. The Ea(NO) 0.026(5)-0.14(2) eV are assigned to seven of the 27 nonbonding states with anion bond orders about one. The negative Ea(NO) for the 20 other nonbonding and 30 antibonding states are estimated. Ionic Morse potentials are calculated for 87 predicted states for NO(-) and the 54 bonding and antibonding states of superoxide.
COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN OF NORBORNANE-BASED HIV-1 PROTEASE INHIBITORS
Authors: ZHANG DAWEI , YU LIU ZE , HUANG PHILIP LIN , LEE-HUANG SYLVIA , ZHANG JOHN Z. H.
Published: June 2010

A series of norbornane-based HIV-1 protease (PR) inhibitors are designed theoretically to displace the tetrahedrally coordinated internal water molecule that bridges inhibitor to flaps via hydrogen bonds. These designed inhibitors use the norbornenone oxygen atom to mimic this structural water molecule and contain diols to interact with the carboxylate oxygens of catalytic aspartates. The binding free energies were estimated by modified linear interaction energy approach [Zoete H, Michielin O, Karplus M, J Comput Aided Mol Des17:861, 2003], in which the binding free energy is written as a linear combination of the electrostatic interaction energy between PR and the ligand, E elec , the van der Waals interaction energy between PR and the ligand, E vdW , and the difference of the solvation free energies of the complex, the receptor, and the isolated ligand, ΔG solv . The equation obtained in previous work [Da W. Zhang, Philip Lin Huang, Sylvia Lee-Huang, John Z. H. Zhang, J Theor Comput Chem7:485, 2008] is applied directly to calculate the binding free energy of designed norbornane-based HIV-1 PR inhibitors.
ROTATIONAL BARRIERS AND VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF PHENYL KETENE, AZIDE, AND ISOCYANATE
Authors: FÖRNER WOLFGANG , BADAWI HASSAN M.
Published: June 2010

Our interest in conjugation effects in substituted phenyl compounds has turned our attention to the highly reactive compounds phenyl ketene, azide, and isocyanate, which due to their reactivity are of utmost importance in organic synthesis. We performed local density functional theory (DFT) calculations using a 6-311G** basis set to calculate the structures and potential functions of the internal rotation. Further for the minimum structures we computed the vibrational infrared and Raman spectra of the three molecules. In order to confirm that DFT works rather well in these systems we performed the geometry optimizations also using ab initio Moeller–Plesset perturbation theory of second order (MP2) in the same basis set. As expected there exist just two minimum structures for each of the molecules which both correspond to planar structures and are identical due to the symmetry of the phenyl ring. The transitions states (TS) of the internal rotations are the perpendicular ones. We expect conjugation to play no major role in these molecules since extensive conjugation effects would imply a large reduction of the aromatic character of the phenyl ring which in turn would greatly destabilize the systems. However, although the rotational barriers appear to be rather small in these systems conjugation must play at least some role in stabilizing the planar ground state. As detailed later, the relative heights of the rotational barriers can all be explained naturally. Experimental vibrational spectra could be obtained only for phenyl isocyanate and azide, but not for the ketene because of the high reactivity of this molecule. Since in the former cases the calculated spectra agree fairly well with the measured ones, we present those of the other molecule as theoretical prediction, which could be useful to detect spectroscopically in a reaction mixture residual reactant. On the basis of potential energy distribution (PED) calculations we present a complete assignment of the vibrational lines to symmetry coordinates, where, for example, ring breathing must show up with rather large intensities in the Raman spectra of the molecules.
EFFECT OF UNCERTAIN SYSTEM PROPERTIES ON THERMO-ELASTIC STABILITY OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES UNDER NONUNIFORM TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
Authors: LAL ACHCHHE , SINGH B. N.
Published: June 2010

Uncertainties in system properties are inherent in all engineering materials. This paper presents the second-order statistics of thermal buckling response of shear deformable laminated composite plate resting on elastic foundation with random system properties under nonuniform tent-like temperature distribution. The mathematical model based on higher-order shear deformation theory [HSDT] is presented. A C0 finite element method in conjunction with first-order perturbation technique is employed to derive the second-order statistics (mean and the standard deviation) of the thermal buckling temperature under nonuniform tent-like temperature distribution. Numerical results have been compared with available results in literatures and independent Monte Carlo simulation.
AN IMPROVED LOCAL BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
Authors: DAI BAODONG , CHENG YUMIN
Published: June 2010

Combining the local boundary integral equation with the improved moving least-squares (IMLS) approximation, an improved local boundary integral equation (ILBIE) method for two-dimensional potential problems is presented in this paper. In the IMLS approximation, the weighted orthogonal functions are used as basis functions. The IMLS approximation has greater computational efficiency and precision than the existing moving least-squares (MLS) approximation and does not lead to an ill-conditioned equations system. The corresponding formulae of the ILBIE method are obtained. Comparing with the conventional local boundary integral equation (LBIE) method, the ILBIE method is a direct meshless boundary integral equation method in which the basic unknown quantity is the real solution of the nodal variables, and the boundary conditions can be implemented directly and easily as in the finite element method. The ILBIE method has greater computational efficiency and precision. Some numerical examples to demonstrate the efficiency of the method are presented in this paper.
LES AND "IN VITRO" EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF FLOW AROUND A TEETH-SHAPED OBSTACLE
Authors: VAN HIRTUM ANNEMIE , GRANDCHAMP XAVIER , PELORSON XAVIER , NOZAKI KAZUNORI , SHIMOJO SHINJI
Published: June 2010

The current paper aims to provide numerical and experimental flow data relevant for physical modelling of human fricative sound production due to the interaction of airflow with the teeth. A simplified upper incisor-palate geometry is derived from typical morphological features. The geometry is inserted in a rectangular channel for which the width-to-height ratio yields 4. The obstruction degree due to the presence of the simplified upper incisor yields 70%. Numerical flow data are obtained from large eddy simulations. Experimental flow data are gathered from single-sensor anemometry on a rigid plaster print of the computational grid. Transverse velocity profiles are obtained downstream in the constricted area, i.e., from x = 0 up to x/h = 1.5 with h denoting the aperture height. The Reynolds number is set to 4000. The mean velocity profiles derived on simulated and measured data exhibit a strong asymmetry due to the presence of the obstruction. Nevertheless, significant differences appear with respect to the jet development, as e.g., quantified by the downstream evolution of the jet width or the appearance of significant turbulence intensities (>10%) at the teeth edge in the measured data whereas the simulated flow remains laminar.
NANOSCALE PATTERNING IN BLOCK COPOLYMER THIN FILMS
Authors: PARK SOOJIN , RUSSELL THOMAS P.
Published: June 2010

Nanoscale patterning in block copolymer (BCP) thin films is one of the key issues in nanoscience and nanotechnology. To make useful nanoscale patterns in applications such as magnetic media, wire-grid polarizer, and opto-electronics, the control of orientation and lateral ordering of BCP microdomains is required. The generation of highly ordered and oriented cylindrical microdomains in BCP thin films will be discussed. This is followed by a review of applications of nanoscale patterns like fabrication of nanoporous templates, metallic nanowires, and the preparation of nanostructured inorganic materials.
Comparison of Memory Assignment Schemes for Switch Architectures with Shareable Parallel Memory Modules
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Munoz Alvaro
Published: June 2010

Switching Architectures deploying shareable parallel memory modules are quite versatile in their ability to scale to higher capacity while retaining the advantage of sharing its entire memory resource among all input and output ports. The two main classes of such architectures, namely, the Shared Multibuffer‐(SMB‐) based switch and the Sliding‐Window‐(SW‐) based packet switch, both deploy parallel memory modules that are physically separate but logically connected. Inspite of their similarity in regards to using shareable parallel memory modules, they differ in switching control and scheduling of packets to parallel memory modules. SMB switch uses centralized control whereas the SW switch uses a decentralized control for switching operations. In this paper, we present a new memory assignment scheme for the Sliding‐Window (SW) switch for assigning packets to parallel memory modules that maximizes the parallel storage of packets to multiple memory modules. We compare the performance of a sliding‐window switch deploying this new memory assignment scheme with that of an SMB switch architecture under conditions of identical traffic type and memory resources deployed. The simulation results show that the new memory assignment scheme for the sliding window switch maximizes parallel storage of packets input in a given switch cycle, and it does not require speed‐up of memory modules. Furthermore, it provides a superior performance compared to that of the SMB switch under the constraints of fixed memory‐bandwidth and memory resources.
Chebyshev Wavelet Method for Numerical Solution of Fredholm Integral Equations of the First Kind
Authors: Adibi Hojatollah , Assari Pouria
Published: June 2010

A computational method for solving Fredholm integral equations of the first kind is presented. The method utilizes Chebyshev wavelets constructed on the unit interval as basis in Galerkin method and reduces solving the integral equation to solving a system of algebraic equations. The properties of Chebyshev wavelets are used to make the wavelet coefficient matrices sparse which eventually leads to the sparsity of the coefficients matrix of obtained system. Finally, numerical examples are presented to show the validity and efficiency of the technique.
Adipocytokines in Atherothrombosis: Focus on Platelets and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Anfossi Giovanni , Russo Isabella , Doronzo Gabriella , Pomero Alice , Trovati Mariella
Published: June 2010

Visceral obesity is a relevant pathological condition closely associated with high risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease including myocardial infarction and stroke. The increased vascular risk is related also to peculiar dysfunction in the endocrine activity of adipose tissue responsible of vascular impairment (including endothelial dysfunction), prothrombotic tendency, and low-grade chronic inflammation. In particular, increased synthesis and release of different cytokines, including interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and adipokines—such as leptin—have been reported as associated with future cardiovascular events. Since vascular cell dysfunction plays a major role in the atherothrombotic complications in central obesity, this paper aims at focusing, in particular, on the relationship between platelets and vascular smooth muscle cells, and the impaired secretory pattern of adipose tissue.
A New Adaptive Local Linear Prediction Method and Its Application in Hydrological Time Series
Authors: She Dunxian , Yang Xiaohua
Published: June 2010

The embedding dimension and the number of nearest neighbors are very important parameters in the prediction of a chaotic time series. In order to reduce the uncertainties in the determination of the forgoing two parameters, a new adaptive local linear prediction method is proposed in this study. In the new method, the embedding dimension and the number of nearest neighbors are combined as a parameter set and change adaptively in the process of prediction. The generalized degree of freedom is used to help select the optimal parameters. Real hydrological time series are taken to examine the performance of the new method. The prediction results indicate that the new method can choose the optimal parameters of embedding dimension and the nearest neighbor number adaptively in the prediction process. And the nonlinear hydrological time series perhaps could be modeled better by the new method.
Cyberknife Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Nonresectable Tumors of the Liver: Preliminary Results
Authors: Goyal K. , Einstein D. , Yao M. , Kunos C. , Barton F. , Singh D. , Siegel C. , Stulberg J. , Sanabria J.
Published: June 2010

Purpose. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as a treatment option for local tumor control of primary and secondary malignancies of the liver. We report on our updated experience with SBRT in patients with non-resectable tumors of the liver. Methods. Our first 17 consecutive patients (mean age 58.1 years) receiving SBRT for HCC (), IHC (), and LM () are presented. Mean radiation dose was 34Gy delivered over 1–3 fractions. Results. Treated patients had a mean decrease in maximum pretreatment tumor diameter from  cm to  cm at three months after treatment (). The mean total tumor volume reduction was 44% at six months (). 82% of all patients (14/17) achieved local control with a median follow-up of 8 months. 100% of patients with HCC () achieved local control. Patients with surgically placed fiducial markers had no complications related to marker placement. Conclusion. Our preliminary results showed that SBRT is a safe and effective local treatment modality in selected patients with liver malignancies with minimal adverse events. Further studies are needed to define its role in the management of these malignancies.
An Outbreak of Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease in Western Afghanistan Associated with Exposure to Wheat Flour Contaminated with Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Authors: Kakar Faizullah , Akbarian Zarif , Leslie Toby , Mustafa Mir Lais , Watson John , van Egmond Hans P. , Omar Mohammad Fahim , Mofleh Jawad
Published: June 2010

Pyrrolizidine alakloids (PAs) are known to cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Outbreaks have occurred in Western Afghanistan since 1974, the latest in February 2008. We conducted an outbreak investigation using a case-control design. Sixty-seven cases of VOD were compared with 199 community controls. Consumption of bread was strongly associated with disease (adjusted odds ratio: 35.8 [95%CI: 7.6–168.2]). Toxic doses of PA were found in plant extracts and in samples of wheat flour taken from the study area. Compared to wheat flour there was 1000 times less PA in milk and whey and in water samples the PA content was zero. Although direct analysis was not possible, contaminated wheat flour used to make bread was the likely source of PA causing the outbreak. Eating a more varied diet including meat and fruit may be protective. Prevention and control measures will rely on community awareness and agricultural interventions to ensure safety of the food supply.
Combining Biometric Fractal Pattern and Particle Swarm Optimization‐Based Classifier for Fingerprint Recognition
Authors: Lin Chia-Hung , Chen Jian-Liung , Gaing Zwe-Lee
Published: June 2010

This paper proposes combining the biometric fractal pattern and particle swarm optimization (PSO)‐based classifier for fingerprint recognition. Fingerprints have arch, loop, whorl, and accidental morphologies, and embed singular points, resulting in the establishment of fingerprint individuality. An automatic fingerprint identification system consists of two stages: digital image processing (DIP) and pattern recognition. DIP is used to convert to binary images, refine out noise, and locate the reference point. For binary images, Katz′s algorithm is employed to estimate the fractal dimension (FD) from a two‐dimensional (2D) image. Biometric features are extracted as fractal patterns using different FDs. Probabilistic neural network (PNN) as a classifier performs to compare the fractal patterns among the small‐scale database. A PSO algorithm is used to tune the optimal parameters and heighten the accuracy. For 30 subjects in the laboratory, the proposed classifier demonstrates greater efficiency and higher accuracy in fingerprint recognition.
Polarization Switching in Ferroelectric Thin Films Undergoing First-Order Phase Transitions
Authors: Bakaleinikov L. A. , Gordon A.
Published: June 2010

The main switching properties in ferroelectrics undergoing first-order phase transitions are simulated within the framework of the extended Ishibashi dipole-lattice model including the dipole-dipole interaction in a two-dimensional case for ferroelectric nanoscale objects. The peculiarities of the temperature dependence of the switching rate and the pyroelectric coefficient are discussed in the range of coexistence of the metastable states. The used coefficients of the long-range and short-range interactions between the dipoles are taken from the dielectric and structure measurements inBaTiO3.
Usefulness of C-Reactive Protein as a Marker for Prediction of Future Coronary Events in the Asian Indian Population: Indian Atherosclerosis Research Study
Authors: Rao Veena S. , Kadarinarasimhiah Natesha B. , John Shibu , Hebbagodi Sridhara , Shanker Jayashree , Kakkar Vijay V.
Published: June 2010

Inflammation plays a pivotal role in all stages of atherosclerosis. Numerous inflammatory, lipid, and cytokines markers have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk but data directly comparing their predictive value are limited. Studies were carried to elucidate the role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), other inflammatory as well as lipid markers and their associations. Among 1021 subjects, comprising 774 CAD affected members from Indian Atherosclerosis Research Study (IARS), plasma hsCRP levels showed strong correlation with inflammatory markers, namely, IL6 (r=.373;P=<.0001), sPLA2 (r=.544;P=<.0001) as also with fibrinogen (r=.579;P=<.0001). Levels of hsCRP were higher among subjects affected by CAD who suffered a repeat coronary event as compared to those who remained event free and subjects in the top quartile of hsCRP (>3.58 mg/L) were found to have a fourfold higher risk. In conclusion, hsCRP appears to be an independent predictor of recurrent CAD events in Asian Indian population.
Morphological Caste Differences in Three Species of the Neotropical GenusClypearia(Hymenoptera: Polistinae: Epiponini)
Authors: Felippotti Giovanna Tocchini , Mateus Lucas , Mateus Sidnei , Noll Fernando Barbosa , Zucchi Ronaldo
Published: June 2010

Clypeariais a rare genus of swarm-founding Neotropical wasp whose biology is very little known. Morphological castes differences, condition of ovaries, relative age, and color pattern differences were analyzed in three species ofClypearia. Physiological differences and low morphometric differentiation between queens and workers were present in all species studied, indicating that these species are characterized by “physiological caste only”. We suggest that caste determination in the threeClypeariaspecies studied is postimaginal.
The Influence of Bovine Milk High or Low in Isoflavones on Hepatic Gene Expression in Mice
Authors: Skaanild Mette T. , Nielsen Tina S.
Published: June 2010

Isoflavones have generated much attention due to their potential positive effects in various diseases. Phytoestrogens especially equol can be found in bovine milk, as feed ration for dairy cows is comprised of plants containing phytoestrogens. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in hepatic gene expression after dietary intake of milk high and low in isoflavones. In addition to pelleted feed female NMRI mice were offered water, water added either 17-estradiol, equol, Tween 80, and milk high and low in isoflavone content for a week. Gene expression was analyzed using an array qPCR kit. It was revealed that Tween 80 and 17-estradiol upregulated both phase I and phase II genes to the same extent whereas equol alone, high and low isoflavone milk did not alter the expression of phase I genes but decreased the expression of phase II genes. This study shows that dietary isoflavones can regulate the transcription of especially phase II liver enzymes which potentially could give rise to an increase in reactive oxygen metabolites that may contribute to the development of cancer.
Archaea Signal Recognition Particle Shows the Way
Authors: Zwieb Christian , Bhuiyan Shakhawat
Published: June 2010

Archaea SRP is composed of an SRP RNA molecule and two bound proteins named SRP19 and SRP54. Regulated by the binding and hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphates, the RNA-bound SRP54 protein transiently associates not only with the hydrophobic signal sequence as it emerges from the ribosomal exit tunnel, but also interacts with the membrane-associated SRP receptor (FtsY). Comparative analyses of the archaea genomes and their SRP component sequences, combined with structural and biochemical data, support a prominent role of the SRP RNA in the assembly and function of the archaea SRP. The 5e motif, which in eukaryotes binds a 72 kilodalton protein, is preserved in most archaea SRP RNAs despite the lack of an archaea SRP72 homolog. The primary function of the 5e region may be to serve as a hinge, strategically positioned between the small and large SRP domain, allowing the elongated SRP to bind simultaneously to distant ribosomal sites. SRP19, required in eukaryotes for initiating SRP assembly, appears to play a subordinate role in the archaea SRP or may be defunct. The N-terminal A region and a novel C-terminal R region of the archaea SRP receptor (FtsY) are strikingly diverse or absent even among the members of a taxonomic subgroup.
Overview on the Phase Conjugation Techniques of the Retrodirective Array
Authors: Chen Lei , Guo Yu Chun , Shi Xiao Wei , Zhang Tian Ling
Published: June 2010

This paper presents an overview on the phase conjugation techniques of the retrodirective antenna array. The concepts, advantages, and disadvantages of phase conjugation techniques are introduced. The self-phasing characteristic and technical difficulties of the array are presented as well as their structures and applications. Further researches in this area are presented finally.
Is PiSS Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Associated with Disease?
Authors: McGee Dawn , Schwarz Laura , McClure Rebecca , Peterka Lauren , Rouhani Farshid , Brantly Mark , Strange Charlie
Published: June 2010

Background. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT) is an inherited condition that predisposes to lung and/or liver disease.Objective. The current study examined the clinical features of the PiSS genotype.Methods. Nineteen study participants (PiSS) and 29 matched control participants (PiMM) were telephone interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Demographic features, cigarette smoking, vocation, medication history, and clinical diagnoses were compared. Statistical analysis was performed. Finally, a comprehensive literature review was performed by two investigators.Results. 12/19 (63.2%) study participants reported the presence of lung and/or liver disease compared to 12/29 (41.4%) control participants. There trended toward having a higher frequency of medication allergies in the study population (42.11% versus 20.69%).Conclusions. The PiSS genotype was associated with a similar incidence of obstructive lung disease to controls. Selective bias intrinsic in testing for AAT deficiency and the rarity of the PiSS genotype will make future study of this association dependent on population-based tests.
Relationships of Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Metabolic Risk Factors, Inflammation, and Liver Transaminases in Overweight Youths
Authors: Bouglé Dominique , Zunquin Gautier , Sesbouë Bruno , Sabatier Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2010

The aim of this study was to assess the relationships of fatness and fitness with metabolic risk factors, including liver transaminases and inflammation in obese youth, taking in account gender, age, and pubertal stage. 241 children were studied (135 girls), age11.9±2.2years (x±SD), Body Mass Indexzscore5.4±2.7. For girls,VO2maxwas significantly associated with insulin (P=.001), Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P=.005), and ALT (P=.012); a relationship was displayed between fibrinogen and age and % fat mass (FM) (P=.008); for boys, relationships were found betweenVO2maxand diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides; independent associations were also found between age and insulin, HOMA-IR and HDL cholesterol; fibrinogen and sedimentation rate were related (P≤.004) with %FM. Their relationships are observed from young age and increase with the continuous increase of factors. This supports the need to treat overweight as soon as it is detected; improving CRF is one of the ways which could be used to prevent the complications of obesity.
Synthesis and Properties of Anion Exchangers Derived from Chloromethyl Styrene Codivinylbenzene and Their Use in Water Treatment
Authors: Ezzeldin Hesham A. , Apblett Allen , Foutch Gary L.
Published: June 2010

Amination of vinylbenzyl chloride-divinylbenzene (VBC-DVB) copolymers is an effective method for preparation of ion-exchange resins. Conventionally, the starting polymer is produced by chloromethylation of a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer that utilizes chloromethyl methyl ether, a known carcinogen. An alterative approach is to copolymerize vinylbenzyl chloride with divinylbenzene to generate the necessary VBC-DVB. This method provides precise control over the density of the ion-exchange groups. The regiochemistry of the vinylbenzyl chloride methods was realized using solvent-ion exchange groups. In this investigation, an improved solvent system was found for the preparation of anion exchange resins by the vinylbenzyl chloride route. The effectiveness of amination of the intermediate VBC-DVB polymers with a variety of trimethylamine reagents was investigated, and ethanolic trimethylamine produced the highest degree of amination. These resulting ion-exchange polymers were characterized by a variety of techniques such as analytical titrations, nitrogen analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. Testing of these copolymers for breakthrough was performed. The results indicate that these anion exchangers have a meaningful increase in thermal stability over commercial anionic exchange beads.
NADPH OxidaseversusMitochondria-Derived ROS in Glucose-Induced Apoptosis of Pericytes in Early Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Mustapha Nik M. , Tarr Joanna M. , Kohner Eva M. , Chibber Rakesh
Published: June 2010

Objectives. Using apocynin (inhibitor of NADPH oxidase), and Mitoquinol 10 nitrate (MitoQ; mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant), we addressed the importance of mitochondria versus NADPH oxidase-derived ROS in glucose-induced apoptosis of pericytes.Methods. NADPH oxidase was localised using Western blot analysis and cytochrome C reduction assay. Apoptosis was detected by measuring caspase-3 activity. Intracellular glucose concentration, ROS formation and Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) content were measured using Amplex Red assay kit, dihydroethidium (DHE), and competitive immunoabsorbant enzyme-linked assay (ELISA), respectively.Results. NADPH oxidase was localised in the cytoplasm of pericytes suggesting ROS production within intracellular compartments. High glucose (25 mM) significantly increased apoptosis, intracellular glucose concentration, and CML content. Apoptosis was associated with increased gp91phox expression, activity of NADPH oxidase, and intracellular ROS production. Apocynin and not MitoQ significantly blunted the generation of ROS, formation of intracellular CML and apoptosis.Conclusions. NADPH oxidase and not mitochondria-derived ROS is responsible for the accelerated apoptosis of pericytes in diabetic retinopathy.
Nutritional Status of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kiddie Joy Y. , Weiss Margaret D. , Kitts David D. , Levy-Milne Ryna , Wasdell Michael B.
Published: June 2010

Objectives. This is a pilot study of the dietary intake and nutrient status of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Method. Nutritional assessment of 43 children aged 6–12 with ADHD was performed using a 3-day food record, 24-hour recall, and serum assessors.Results. Macronutrient intake and consumption of Low-Nutrient Foods were comparable to population norms; however, 66% were found to be deficient in zinc and 23% in copper.Conclusions. This pilot study reports the food intake and nutrient status of children with ADHD and shows a predisposition for low zinc and copper status in ADHD.
Adipocytes as an Important Source of Serum S100B and Possible Roles of This Protein in Adipose Tissue
Authors: Gonçalves Carlos Alberto , Leite Marina Concli , Guerra Maria Cristina
Published: June 2010

Adipocytes contain high levels of S100B andin vitroassays indicate a modulated secretion of this protein by hormones that regulate lipolysis, such as glucagon, adrenaline, and insulin. A connection between lipolysis and S100B release has been proposed but definitive evidence is lacking. Although the biological significance of extracellular S100B from adipose tissue is still unclear, it is likely that this tissue might be an important source of serum S100B in situations related, or not, to brain damage. Current knowledge does not preclude the use of this protein in serum as a marker of brain injury or astroglial activation, but caution is recommended when discussing the significance of changes in serum levels where S100B may function as an adipokine, a neurotrophic cytokine, or an alarmin.
An Inverse Eigenvalue Problem of Hermite‐Hamilton Matrices in Structural Dynamic Model Updating
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Chen Guoliang
Published: June 2010

We first consider the following inverse eigenvalue problem: given X ∈ Cn×m and a diagonal matrix Λ ∈ Cm×m, find n × n Hermite‐Hamilton matrices K and M such that KX = MXΛ. We then consider an optimal approximation problem: given n × n Hermitian matrices Ka and Ma, find a solution (K, M) of the above inverse problem such that ∥K − Ka∥2 + ∥M − Ma∥2 = min . By using the Moore‐Penrose generalized inverse and the singular value decompositions, the solvability conditions and the representations of the general solution for the first problem are derived. The expression of the solution to the second problem is presented.
Classification of Base Sequences BS(n + 1,n)
Authors: Ðoković Dragomir Ž.
Published: June 2010

Base sequences BS(n + 1, n)
are quadruples of {±1}‐sequences (A; B; C; D), with A and B of length n + 1 and C and D of length n, such that the sum of their nonperiodic autocor‐relation functions is a δ‐function. The base sequence conjecture, asserting that BS(n + 1, n)
exist for all n, is stronger than the famous Hadamard matrix conjecture. We introduce a new definition of equivalence for base sequences BS(n + 1, n) and construct a canonical form. By using this canonical form, we have enumerated the equivalence classes of BS(n + 1, n)
for n ≤ 30. As the number of equivalence classes grows rapidly (but not monotonically) with n, the tables in the paper cover only the cases n ≤ 13.
On the Stability of Numerical Methods for Nonlinear Volterra Integral Equations
Authors: Messina E. , Muroya Y. , Russo E. , Vecchio A.
Published: June 2010

Here we investigate the behavior of the analytical and numerical solution of a nonlinear second kind Volterra integral equation where the linear part of the kernel has a constant sign and we provide conditions for the boundedness or decay of solutions and approximate solutions obtained by Volterra Runge‐Kutta and Direct Quadrature methods.
Identification of Multiple Hypoxia Signatures in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines byl1-l2Regularization and Data Reduction
Authors: Fardin Paolo , Cornero Andrea , Barla Annalisa , Mosci Sofia , Acquaviva Massimo , Rosasco Lorenzo , Gambini Claudio , Verri Alessandro , Varesio Luigi
Published: June 2010

Hypoxia is a condition of low oxygen tension occurring in the tumor and negatively correlated with the progression of the disease. We studied the gene expression profiles of nine neuroblastoma cell lines grown under hypoxic conditions to define gene signatures that characterize hypoxic neuroblastoma. Thel1-l2regularization applied to the entire transcriptome identified a single signature of 11 probesets discriminating the hypoxic state. We demonstrate that new hypoxia signatures, with similar discriminatory power, can be generated by a prior knowledge-based filtering in which a much smaller number of probesets, characterizing hypoxia-related biochemical pathways, are analyzed.l1-l2regularization identified novel and robust hypoxia signatures within apoptosis, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation Gene Ontology classes. We conclude that the filtering approach overcomes the noisy nature of the microarray data and allows generating robust signatures suitable for biomarker discovery and patients risk assessment in a fraction of computer time.
Trend of the Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Population
Authors: Eberhardt L. L. , Breiwick J. M.
Published: June 2010

Yellowstone's grizzlies (Ursus arctos) have been studied for more than 40 years. Radiotelemetry has been used to obtain estimates of the rate of increase of the population, with results reported by Schwartz et al. (2006). Counts of females with cubs-of-the-year “unduplicated” also provide an index of abundance and are the primary subject of this report. An exponential model was fitted ton=24such counts, using nonlinear leastsquares. Estimates of the rate of increase,r, were about 0.053. 95% confidence intervals, were obtained by several different methods, and all had lower limits substantially above zero, indicating that the population has been increasing steadily, in contrast to the results of Schwartz et al. (2006), which could not exclude a decreasing population. The grizzly data have been repeatedly mis-used in current literature for reasons explained here.
Optimization of Formaldehyde Cross-Linking for Protein Interaction Analysis of Non-Tagged Integrinβ1
Authors: Klockenbusch Cordula , Kast Juergen
Published: June 2010

Formaldehyde cross-linking of protein complexes combined with immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis is a promising technique for analysing protein-protein interactions, including those of transient nature. Here we used integrinβ1 as a model to describe the application of formaldehyde cross-linking in detail, particularly focusing on the optimal parameters for cross-linking, the detection of formaldehyde cross-linked complexes, the utility of antibodies, and the identification of binding partners. Integrinβ1 was found in a high molecular weight complex after formaldehyde cross-linking. Eight different anti-integrinβ1 antibodies were used for pull-down experiments and no loss in precipitation efficiency after cross-linking was observed. However, two of the antibodies could not precipitate the complex, probably due to hidden epitopes. Formaldehyde cross-linked complexes, precipitated from Jurkat cells or human platelets and analyzed by mass spectrometry, were found to be composed of integrinβ1,α4 andα6 orβ1,α6,α2, andα5, respectively.
Distribution and Ecological Niches of Gamasid Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) on Small Mammals in Southwest China
Authors: Huang Li-Qin , Guo Xian-Guo , Wu Dian , Zhou Dong-Hui
Published: June 2010

The ectoparasitic gamasid mites found on small mammals are important arthropods in the field of medical entomology. This paper studied the distribution and ecological niches of ectoparasitic gamasid mites on small mammal hosts in Yunnan Province of southwest China. Levins' niche breadth and Colwell-Futuyma's method were used to quantitatively evaluate host-specificity and similarity of host selection, and hierarchical analysis was used to illustrate niche overlap among gamasid mite species. Species diversity of both small mammals and gamasid mites was lower in indoor habitats than that in outdoor habitats. Most gamasid mite species were found on the body surface of the host species and niche breadths varied from species to species. A species with low niche breadth indicates high host specificity and most gamasid mites showed a relatively low niche overlap. The results suggest that a coevolutionary relationship may exist between some species of gamasid mites and their small mammal hosts.
A New Variational Model for Segmenting Objects of Interest from Color Images
Authors: Zhai Yanli , Wu Boying , Zhang Dazhi , Sun Jiebao
Published: June 2010

We propose a new variational model for segmenting objects of interest from color images. This model is inspired by the geodesic active contour model, the region‐scalable fitting model, the weighted bounded variation model and the active contour models based on the Mumford‐Shah model. In order to segment desired objects in color images, the energy functional in our model includes a discrimination function that determines whether an image pixel belongs to the desired objects or not. Compared with other active contour models, our new model cannot only avoid the usual drawback in the level set approach but also detect the objects of interest accurately. Moreover, we investigate the new model mathematically and establish the existence of the minimum to the new energy functional. Finally, numerical results show the effectiveness of our proposed model.
Note on Studying Change Point of LRD Traffic Based on Li′s Detection of DDoS Flood Attacking
Authors: Xia Zhengmin , Lu Songnian , Tang Junhua
Published: June 2010

Distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) flood attacks remain great threats to the Internet. To ensure network usability and reliability, accurate detection of these attacks is critical. Based on Li′s work on DDoS flood attack detection, we propose a DDoS detection method by monitoring the Hurst variation of long‐range dependant traffic. Specifically, we use an autoregressive system to estimate the Hurst parameter of normal traffic. If the actual Hurst parameter varies significantly from the estimation, we assume that DDoS attack happens. Meanwhile, we propose two methods to determine the change point of Hurst parameter that indicates the occurrence of DDoS attacks. The detection rate associated with one method and false alarm rate for the other method are also derived. The test results on DARPA intrusion detection evaluation data show that the proposed approaches can achieve better detection performance than some well‐known self‐similarity‐based detection methods.
Risk Factors Associated with Development of Persistent Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Bacteremia in the Neonate and Associated Short-Term and Discharge Morbidities
Authors: Anderson-Berry Ann , Brinton Britt , Lyden Elizabeth , Faix Roger G.
Published: June 2010

Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most common cause of late-onset sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit settings. Historically, authors have questioned the clinical significance of these bacteremia episodes. Recently, clusters of CoNS bacteremia associated with significant morbidity have been reported. The frequency and importance of these clusters of bacteremia and their associated morbidity remains unclear. Objective: We studied a prolonged cluster of 52 cases of persistent CoNS bacteremia in a level III neonatal intensive care unit to clarify risk factors, morbidity and outcomes associated with persistent CoNS bacteremia. Study Design: A retrospective case-control study of infants with CoNS bacteremia >48 h after initiation of appropriate antibiotics and gestational age-matched control infants was performed. We reviewed patient characteristics prior to and during bacteremia, and outcomes at discharge or death. Results: Persistently infected infants were significantly more likely to have greater duration of exposure to parenteral nutrition, hydrocortisone, antibiotics, and mechanical ventilation prior to infection. Persistently infected infants were significantly more likely than controls to experience feeding intolerance and to require inotropic support, increased respiratory support, and blood product transfusion during bacteremia. Infants with persistent CoNS bacteremia took longer to achieve full enteral feeds, had higher rates of chronic lung disease and increased length of stay compared to controls. No significant difference in mortality was noted. Conclusions: Persistent CoNS bacteremia is associated with clinically significant morbidity including feeding intolerance, respiratory failure, blood transfusion and chronic lung disease in this patient population. This impacts hospital course, increases length of stay and impacts medical needs after discharge. During this study, CoNS bacteremia was difficult to clinically eradicate despite in vitro antibiotic susceptibility.