bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminares hacia una recuperación del cuerpo en el pensamiento latinoamericano contemporáneo
Authors: Cerutti Guldberg Horacio
Published: February 2018

Traditionally, the body has been excluded in the Ilustrated thought. The author poses that Latin American thought has recover the body through various strategies.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 105, 2005: 461-480
Costumbre y tradición: la cultura popular entre la rebeldía y el conservadurismo
Authors: Bravo Nazareno
Published: February 2018

The analysis of popular culture tends to be quite simplified, specifically on the theme of costumes. Bravo points that costumes and traditions are not necessarily conservative, as some simplistic approaches pretend.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 105, 2005: 481-504
Using manure as fertilizer for maize could improve sustainability of milk production
Authors: Jiménez-Calderón José D. , Martínez-Fernández Adela , Prospero-Bernal Fernando , Velarde-Guillén José , Arriaga-Jordán Carlos M. , Vicente Fernando
Published: February 2018

This study evaluated the effect of organic or chemical fertilization of maize on cow performance, economic outcomes, and greenhouse gas emission. Each type of maize silage according its different fertilization was used in two rations offered to two different groups of nine Friesian-Holstein cows throughout 4 months. The production cost of the maize silage was 8.8% lower for organic than for chemical fertilization. Both silages had similar nutritive value, except a higher concentration of starch in maize with organic fertilization, which allowed a reduction in the proportion of concentrate in the ration, saving 25.3 eurocents per cow in the daily ration, generating a positive balance of 21.8 eurocents per cow and day. The milk yield and composition were unaffected depending on the type of fertilization, whereas the estimation of CH4 and N2O emissions with chemical fertilization was higher than emissions with organic fertilization. As a result, it is possible to increase the sustainability and profitability of dairy production with reuse and recycling of manure.
The effect of preceptorship on nurses' training and preparation with implications for Qatar: A literature review
Authors: Arbabi Hajer , Johnson Jessie , Forgrave Daniel
Published: February 2018

Background and objective: The Primary Health Care Corporation in Qatar was established in 2012 and is comprised of 23 Health Centers. One of its goals is to create excellence in its workforce. A preceptorship program needs to be initiated at the Primary Health Care Corporation to ensure a high level of training for its nurses. The purpose of these preceptorship programs is to ensure nurses are equipped to carry out Qatar’s National Health Strategy and in doing so the Primary Health Care Corporation has this as its goal. This study amis to assess the effectiveness of preceptorship program models that can eventually be used for adoption as training programs for nurses in Health Centers in Qatar.Methods: A literature review of twenty articles published between 2006 and 2017 that focused on different models of preceptorship programs was conducted. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of these studies. The data was analyzed by categorizing the included articles in a matrix sheet based on study design.Results and conclusions: Preceptorship programs are effective in four key areas: increasing nursing knowledge, supporting effective and safe care delivery by newly graduated nurses, increasing organizational support, and decreasing turnover rate and cost.
Case ‒ Uretero-internal iliac artery fistula presenting with multiple negative angiographic studies
Authors: Sarwal Gautamn , Bidnur Samir , Chedgy Edmund C.P. , Kavanagh Alex
Published: February 2018

We report a rare case of a patient presenting with visible, unexplained hematuria and share the diagnostic challenges faced in the setting of multiple angiographic studies that failed to demonstrate an uretero-internal iliac artery fistula. Uretero-arterial fistulas (UAF) are rare, but well-recognized, with increasingly common risk factors (Table 1).1 Due to its rarity, delay to diagnosis is common, when investigating recurrent hematuria with multiple negative investigations.1,2
A Systematic Review: The Relationship between Learning Styles and Creative Thinking Skills
Authors: Alkathiri Fatima , Alshreef Samar , Alajmi Sara , Alsowayan Alaa , Alahmad Nedhal
Published: February 2018

Creative thinking skills have become necessary and desirable competency for any professional. Learning styles are a reflection of the habitual behavior determining distinct preferences in a given learning situation. Evidence has suggested that there is a kind of relationship between these two variables. However, existing research on this has been rather minimal. It is worth noting that systematic review is used in this study for the exploration and determination of the relationship between learning styles and creative thinking skills. Five electronic databases were applied with a focus on studies that focused on the relationship between learning styles and creative thinking skills. Seven studies were finally included. Four key themes explain the results: Evolution of Creative Thinking in Academic Progress, Main Learning Styles, Learning Styles and Student Achievement, and Learning Styles and Creative Thinking Skills Correlation. The conclusion reached was comparative studies were able to illuminate on the existing relationship between learning styles and creative thinking skills. Nonetheless, more research needs to be carried out to determine the extent of this relationship or rather to enhance its significance.
The Relationship among Consumer Attributions, Consumer Skepticism, and Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Bryan H. , Chiu Wan-Ching
Published: February 2018

This study aimed to explore the relationship of consumer attributions, consumer skepticism toward CSR, and its influence on perceived CSR in Taiwan. Final usable questionnaires received from 659 respondents to reach the return rate of 78.8%. After confirming reliability and validity of survey questionnaire, the structural equation modeling was used for tests the model. Results were summarized as follows: (a) value-driven motives are negatively related to CSR skepticism, which was significant; however, the relationship was positive association. (b) CSR skepticism is positively related to ethical responsibility, which was supported. (c) CSR skepticism is negatively related to philanthropic responsibility, which was significant; however, the relationship was positive association. This study may make a positive contribution for business managers to understand the expectations of consumers in Taiwan.
Een Europese pijler van sociale rechten
Authors: Pennings F.J.L.
Published: February 2018

Een Europese pijler van sociale rechten

Op 26 april 2017 heeft de Europese Commissie de aanbeveling voor een Europese pijler van sociale rechten gepubliceerd. Dit is een aanbeveling die ook voorgelegd wordt aan het Europees Parlement en de Europese Raad om deze te onderschrijven. De aanbeveling kent een twintigtal onderwerpen, waarbij de lat veelal hoger wordt gelegd dan in het Handvest van de Grondrechten. Het bijbehorende werkprogramma straalt veel ambitie uit om de sociale dimensie van de Unie daadwerkelijk te versterken. Het belang van de pijler lijkt te liggen in daadwerkelijke uitvoering van dit programma.

Aanbeveling van 26 april 2017 voor een Europese pijler van sociale rechten COM(2017)251
Comparative Meat Production Performance Evaluation of Buffalo with Cattle at Different Ages
Authors: Roy Biplob Kumer , Haque Khan Shahidul , Huda Nazmul
Published: February 2018

An inquisitive on-station feeding trial was carried out to identify the dexterous species and age for beef production with same plane of nutrition. A 2×3 (2 species × 3 ages) factorial experiment was settled for a period of 105 days with eighteen native buffalo and 18 BCB-1 (BLRI Cattle Breed-1) bulls of three age groups (18 months, 24 months and 30 months) and distributed them randomly in six treatment groups having an equal number (6) of animals in each. Intake of nutrients i.e.: DM, CP of buffalo bulls was significantly (p<0.001) higher than BCB-1 bulls in all the cases. The buffalo bulls had significantly higher digestibility of DM (68.0%, p<0.001), OM (67.9%, p<0.001), CP (66.3%, p<0.05), ADF (59.8%, p<0.001) or NDF (59.6%, p<0.001) than cattle (63.0%, 62.7%, 63.6%, 52.4% & 49.6%, respectively). But, the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, ADF or NDF was not affected significantly (p>0.05) by the age of the bulls with any cases. Buffalo bulls gained body weight more rapidly (p<0.001); 1.11 & 0.88 kg/day, respectively and showed a better FCR (p>0.05; 6.72 & 6.86, respectively) than cattle with low feed cost of per kg gain (US$ 1.62 & US$ 1.69, respectively). ADG (p<0.01), FCR (p<0.05) and estimated feed cost (p<0.05) affected significantly and increased linearly by the age of bulls, where 18 months bulls of buffalo and BCB-1 performed best. In an aggregation, it revealed that, buffalo performed better than BCB-1 cattle and 18 months age of both species was more responsive for profitable meat production.
Milk Yield Response of Bypass Protein on Smallholder Dairy Animals
Authors: P. Osti Netra , Jha P.K , Mandal P , Shah B , Shrestha B.S , Upreti C.R , Joshi B.R , Tiwari M.R
Published: February 2018

Protein need for small holder dairy animals is very limited. Considering this problem one on-station and one on-farm trails were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Nepal respectively. In on-station trial (2013) 15 milking buffaloes were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 kg de-oiled soybean meals/day/buffalo) and in on-farm trial (2014), 20 milking buffaloes were assigned to 0.5 kg de-oiled soybean meal/day/buffalo for two months dry period. From on-station trial, significantly higher (42 %) milk production was observed from 0.5 kg and 1 kg de-oiled soybean meal/day/buffalo feeding groups. From the on-farm trials in village dairy buffaloes 20 percent milk production increment was observed compared with the normal farmer's feeding practices (de-oiled soybean meals unfed condition). It was concluded that, in addition to normal diet, 0.5 to 1 kg de-oiled soybean meal (depending up on the body weight of animal and feeding situation) per day feeding as bypass protein sources could be beneficial during dry period where green fodder is scarce to maintain milk production from dairy animals.
Hsf1 and Hsp70 constitute a two-component feedback loop that regulates the yeast heat shock response
Authors: Krakowiak Joanna , Zheng Xu , Patel Nikit , Feder Zoë A , Anandhakumar Jayamani , Valerius Kendra , Gross David S , Khalil Ahmad S , Pincus David
Published: February 2018

Models for regulation of the eukaryotic heat shock response typically invoke a negative feedback loop consisting of the transcriptional activator Hsf1 and a molecular chaperone. Previously we identified Hsp70 as the chaperone responsible for Hsf1 repression and constructed a mathematical model that recapitulated the yeast heat shock response (Zheng et al., 2016). The model was based on two assumptions: dissociation of Hsp70 activates Hsf1, and transcriptional induction of Hsp70 deactivates Hsf1. Here we validate these assumptions. First, we severed the feedback loop by uncoupling Hsp70 expression from Hsf1 regulation. As predicted by the model, Hsf1 was unable to efficiently deactivate in the absence of Hsp70 transcriptional induction. Next, we mapped a discrete Hsp70 binding site on Hsf1 to a C-terminal segment known as conserved element 2 (CE2). In vitro, CE2 binds to Hsp70 with low affinity (9 µM), in agreement with model requirements. In cells, removal of CE2 resulted in increased basal Hsf1 activity and delayed deactivation during heat shock, while tandem repeats of CE2 sped up Hsf1 deactivation. Finally, we uncovered a role for the N-terminal domain of Hsf1 in negatively regulating DNA binding. These results reveal the quantitative control mechanisms underlying the heat shock response.
Thalamocortical and corticothalamic pathways differentially contribute to goal-directed behaviors in the rat
Authors: Alcaraz Fabien , Fresno Virginie , Marchand Alain R , Kremer Eric J , Coutureau Etienne , Wolff Mathieu
Published: February 2018

Highly distributed neural circuits are thought to support adaptive decision-making in volatile and complex environments. Notably, the functional interactions between prefrontal and reciprocally connected thalamic nuclei areas may be important when choices are guided by current goal value or action-outcome contingency. We examined the functional involvement of selected thalamocortical and corticothalamic pathways connecting the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) in the behaving rat. Using a chemogenetic approach to inhibit projection-defined dmPFC and MD neurons during an instrumental learning task, we show that thalamocortical and corticothalamic pathways differentially support goal attributes. Both pathways participate in adaptation to the current goal value, but only thalamocortical neurons are required to integrate current causal relationships. These data indicate that antiparallel flow of information within thalamocortical circuits may convey qualitatively distinct aspects of adaptive decision-making and highlight the importance of the direction of information flow within neural circuits.
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the “copper moss” Mielichhoferia elongata reveals independent nad7 gene functionality loss
Authors: Goruynov Denis V. , Goryunova Svetlana V. , Kuznetsova Oxana I. , Logacheva Maria D. , Milyutina Irina A. , Fedorova Alina V. , Ignatov Michael S. , Troitsky Aleksey V.
Published: February 2018

The mitochondrial genome of moss Mielichhoferia elongata has been sequenced and assembled with Spades genome assembler. It consists of 100,342 base pairs and has practically the same gene set and order as in other known bryophyte chondriomes. The genome contains 66 genes including three rRNAs, 24 tRNAs, and 40 conserved mitochondrial proteins genes. Unlike the majority of previously sequenced bryophyte mitogenomes, it lacks the functional nad7 gene. The phylogenetic reconstruction and scrutiny analysis of the primary structure of nad7 gene carried out in this study suggest its independent pseudogenization in different bryophyte lineages. Evaluation of the microsatellite (simple sequence repeat) content of the M. elongata mitochondrial genome indicates that it could be used as a tool in further studies as a phylogenetic marker. The strongly supported phylogenetic tree presented here, derived from 33 protein coding sequences of 40 bryophyte species, is consistent with other reconstructions based on a number of different data sets.
Uso das redes sociais empreendedoras por mulheres no processo de criação de agências de viagens
Authors: Teixeira Rivanda Meira , Andreassi Tales , Bomfim Lea Cristina Silva
Published: February 2018

Propósito justificado do tema: O estudo das redes sociais empreendedoras tem sido reconhecido como determinante no processo empreendedor, como no sucesso dos empreendimentos. Desde a década de 90, houve um especial interesse em pesquisar redes sociais com o recorte do gênero e, considerando a sua relevância, essa temática continua sendo muito atual. Objetivo: O objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar como as redes sociais são utilizadas pelas empreendedoras no processo de criação de novos negócios. Especificamente pretende identificar os tipos de laços que são utilizados pelas empreendedoras nas suas redes sociais nas fases de concepção, start-up e consolidação de negócios e verificar como essas redes sociais influenciam na obtenção de recursos. Metodologia/Design: A estratégia de pesquisa utilizada foi o estudo de casos múltiplos e as evidências foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas pessoais semiestruturadas com sete empreendedoras de agências de viagens de micro e pequeno porte. Os casos foram descritos individualmente e após essa descrição foi realizada a análise comparativa dos casos para examinar suas semelhanças e diferenças. Resultados e Originalidade do Documento: Entre os resultados encontrados vale destacar que os laços fortes foram os mais utilizados pelas empreendedoras principalmente na fase de concepção do negócio. Além disso, constatou-se que a experiência prévia foi determinante na identificação da oportunidade e na capacidade de se construir redes diversificadas.
Carbon: Chlorophyll Ratios and Net Primary Productivity of Subarctic Pacific Surface Waters Derived From Autonomous Shipboard Sensors
Authors: Burt William J. , Westberry Toby K. , Behrenfeld Michael J. , Zeng Chen , Izett Robert W. , Tortell Philippe D.
Published: February 2018

We present optically derived estimates of phytoplankton carbon (Cphyto) and chlorophyll a concentration (Chl) across a wide range of productivity and hydrographic regimes in the Subarctic Pacific Ocean. Our high‐frequency measurements capture changes in Cphyto and Chl across regional gradients in macronutrient and micronutrient limitations and submesoscale hydrographic frontal zones. Throughout the majority of our survey region, carbon to chlorophyll ratios (Cphyto:Chl) ranged between 50 and 100. Lower values (10–20) were constrained to the highly productive coastal upwelling system along Vancouver Island, whereas higher estimated values (>200) were found directly off the southern British Columbia continental shelf. Further offshore, Cphyto:Chl was less variable, ranging from 50 to 80 in high nutrient low Chl waters in June and from 80 to 120 in the Gulf of Alaska in July. Much of the variability in Cphyto:Chl throughout the study region could be explained by mixed‐layer light levels (i.e., photoacclimation), with additional variability attributed to nutrient‐controlled changes in phytoplankton growth rates in some regions. Elevated Cphyto:Chl ratios resulting from apparent nutrient stress were found in areas of low macronutrient concentrations. In contrast, iron‐limited waters exhibited Cphyto:Chl ratios lower than predicted from the photoacclimation model. Applying the carbon‐based production model, we derived Cphyto and Chl‐based estimates of net primary productivity, which showed good coherence with independent 14C uptake measurements. Our results highlight the utility of ship‐board optical data to examine phytoplankton physiological ecology and productivity in surface marine waters.
Environmental Effects on Mesozooplankton Size Structure and Export Flux at Station ALOHA, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Valencia Bellineth , Décima Moira , Landry Michael R.
Published: February 2018

Using size‐fractionated mesozooplankton biomass data collected over 23 years (1994–2016) of increasing primary production (PP) at station ALOHA (A Long‐Term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment), we evaluate how changing environmental conditions affect mesozooplankton size structure, trophic cycling, and export fluxes in the subtropical North Pacific. From generalized additive model analysis, size structure is significantly influenced by a nonlinear relationship with sea surface temperature that is mainly driven by the strong 1997–1998 El Niño and a positive and linear relationship with PP. Increasing PP has more strongly enhanced the biomass of smaller (0.2–0.5 mm) and larger (>5 mm) mesozooplankton, increasing evenness of the biomass spectra, while animals of 2–5 mm, the major size class for vertically migrating mesozooplankton, show no long‐term trend. Measured PP is sufficient to meet feeding requirements that satisfy mesozooplankton respiration and growth rates, as determined by commonly used empirical relationships based on animal size and temperature, consistent with a tightly coupled food web with one intermediate level for protistan consumers. Estimated fecal pellet production suggests an enhanced contribution of mesozooplankton to passive particle export relative to the material collected in 150 m sediment traps. In contrast, the biomass of vertically migrants does not vary systematically with PP due to the varying responses of the different size classes. These results illustrate some complexities in understanding how varying environmental conditions can affect carbon cycling and export processes at the community level in open‐ocean oligotrophic systems, which need to be confirmed and better understood by process‐oriented mechanistic study.
Euler‐Vector Clustering of GPS Velocities Defines Microplate Geometry in Southwest Japan
Authors: Savage J. C.
Published: February 2018

I have used Euler‐vector clustering to assign 469 GEONET stations in southwest Japan to k clusters (k = 2, 3,..., 9) so that, for any k, the velocities of stations within each cluster are most consistent with rigid‐block motion on a sphere. That is, I attempt to explain the raw (i.e., uncorrected for strain accumulation), 1996–2006 velocities of those 469 Global Positioning System stations by rigid motion of k clusters on the surface of a spherical Earth. Because block geometry is maintained as strain accumulates, Euler‐vector clustering may better approximate the block geometry than the values of the associated Euler vectors. The microplate solution for each k is constructed by merging contiguous clusters that have closely similar Euler vectors. The best solution consists of three microplates arranged along the Nankaido Trough‐Ryukyu Trench between the Amurian and Philippine Sea Plates. One of these microplates, the South Kyushu Microplate (an extension of the Ryukyu forearc into the southeast corner of Kyushu), had previously been identified from paleomagnetic rotations. Relative to ITRF2000 the three microplates rotate at different rates about neighboring poles located close to the northwest corner of Shikoku. The microplate model is identical to that proposed in the block model of Wallace et al. (2009, https://doi.org/10.1130/G2522A.1) except in southernmost Kyushu. On Shikoku and Honshu, but not Kyushu, the microplate model is consistent with that proposed in the block models of Nishimura and Hashimoto (2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.04.017) and Loveless and Meade (2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006248) without the low‐slip‐rate boundaries proposed in the latter.
Structural Geology and the Seismotectonics of the 2004 Great Sumatran Earthquake
Authors: Lister G. S. , Forster M. A. , Muston J. E. , Mousavi S. , Hejrani B.
Published: February 2018

The paper sets out a method for structural analysis of seismotectonic data using centroid moment tensors and associated hypocenters from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor project, here illustrated for aftershocks from the 2004 great Sumatran earthquake. We show that the Sumatran segments of the megathrust were subject to compression in a direction near to orthogonal with the margin trend, consistent with the effect of relative movement of the adjacent tectonic plates. In contrast, the crust above the Andaman Sea segments was subject to margin‐orthogonal extension, consistent with motion toward the gravitational potential well accumulated due to prior lateral (westward) rollback of the subducting edge of the northward moving Indian plate. Since this potential well is largely defined by topography, this episode of margin‐orthogonal extension is at least in part “gravity driven.” It did not last long. Within 15 months, an earthquake cluster across an Andaman Sea spreading segment showed a return to kinematics driven by relative plate motion. The transition can be explained if fluid activity temporarily reduced basal friction (or effective stress) but then led to healing so that the megathrust once again began to develop friction‐locked segments. The influence of slab rollback is in developing a gravitational potential well facing the megathrust, hence drawing the overriding crust toward it in the immediate postrupture phase while the megathrust is in a weakened state. Plate tectonics dominates during interseismic gaps, once the megathrust heals, and regains frictional resistance.
Polycationic Synergistic Antibacterial Agents with Multiple Functional Components for Efficient Anti‐Infective Therapy
Authors: Zhu Yiwen , Xu Chen , Zhang Na , Ding Xiaokang , Yu Bingran , Xu Fu‐Jian
Published: February 2018

Multifunctional antibacterial photodynamic therapy is a promising method to combat regular and multidrug‐resistant bacteria. In this work, eosin Y (EY)‐based antibacterial polycations (EY‐QEGEDR, R = CH3 or C6H13) with versatile types of functional components including quaternary ammonium, photosensitizer, primary amine, and hydroxyl species are readily synthesized based on simple ring‐opening reactions. In the presence of light irradiation, such antibacterial polymers exhibit high antibacterial efficiency against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In particular, EY‐QEGEDR elicits a remarkable synergistic antibacterial activity owing to the combined photodynamic and quaternary ammonium antibacterial effects. Due to its rich primary amine groups, EY‐QEGEDR also can be readily coated on different substrates, such as glass slides and nonwoven fabrics via an adhesive layer of polydopamine. The resultant surface coating of EY‐QEGEDCH3 (s‐EY‐QEGEDCH3) produces excellent in vitro antibacterial efficacy. The plentiful hydroxyl groups impart s‐EY‐QEGEDCH3 with potential antifouling capability against dead bacteria. The antibacterial polymer coatings also demonstrate low cytotoxicity and good hemocompatibility. More importantly, s‐EY‐QEGEDCH3 significantly enhances in vivo therapeutic effects on an infected rat model. The present work provides an efficient strategy for the rational design of high‐performance antibacterial materials to fight biomedical device‐associated infections.
The Endeavor of Diarylethenes: New Structures, High Performance, and Bright Future
Authors: Zhang Junji , Tian He
Published: February 2018

Photochromism is a term that describes the photoreversible isomerization between two different states or isomers with distinct performances. Among all the photochromic molecule family, diarylethene is considered one of the most popular star molecules on account of its fast photoresponsibility, excellent thermal stability, fatigue resistance, high photoreaction quantum yield, and conversion ratio as well as good performances in both solution and solid phases. In the past decades, the development of diarylethene is witnessed in molecule design, solution applications, surface/interface assembly, bulky crystals and polymers, optic‐electronic devices fabrication, and biotechnology. This review mainly focuses on the latest development of diarylethenes in recent five years and commences with the newly designed molecular structures with functional ethene bridges and aryl moieties. The application of diarylethenes in materials science, soft materials, molecular data processing, and biomaterials, is further discussed in prospect. A brief summary is given in the end of the review together with some perspectives.
Mn versus Al in Layered Oxide Cathodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Evaluation on Long‐Term Cyclability
Authors: Li Wangda , Liu Xiaoming , Celio Hugo , Smith Patrick , Dolocan Andrei , Chi Miaofang , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: February 2018

Nickel‐rich layered oxide cathodes with the composition LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2 (NCM, (1−x−y) ≥ 0.6) are under intense scrutiny recently to contend with commercial LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) for high‐energy‐density batteries for electric vehicles. However, a comprehensive assessment of their electrochemical durability is currently lacking. Herein, two in‐house cathodes, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 and LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2, are investigated in a high‐voltage graphite full cell over 1500 charge‐discharge cycles (≈5–10 year service life in vehicles). Despite a lower nickel content, NCM shows more performance deterioration than NCA. Critical underlying degradation processes, including chemical, structural, and mechanical aspects, are analyzed via an arsenal of characterization techniques. Overall, Mn substitution appears far less effective than Al in suppressing active mass dissolution and irreversible phase transitions of the layered oxide cathodes. The active mass dissolution (and crossover) accelerates capacity decline with sustained parasitic reactions on the graphite anode, while the phase transitions are primarily responsible for cell resistance increase and voltage fade. With Al doping, on the other hand, secondary particle pulverization is the more limiting factor for long‐term cyclability compared to Mn. These results establish a fundamental guideline for designing high‐performing Ni‐rich NCM cathodes as a compelling alternative to NCA and other compositions for electric vehicle applications.
ADR Brief
Authors: Varghese Ginsey
Published: February 2018

In a case that could set guidelines for party arbitrators' appropriate level of disclosure, the Second U.S. Circuit of Appeals last month heard an appeal of a New York federal court decision in Certain Underwriting Members at Lloyd's of London v. Ins. Co. of the Americas, Docket No. 17‐1137‐cv.
Rivaroxaban plasma levels in acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Seiffge David J. , Kägi Georg , Michel Patrik , Fischer Urs , Béjot Yannick , Wegener Susanne , Zedde Marialuisa , Turc Guillaume , Cordonnier Charlotte , Sandor Peter S. , Rodier Gilles , Zini Andrea , Cappellari Manuel , Schädelin Sabine , Polymeris Alexandros A. , Werring David , Thilemann Sebastian , Maestrini Ilaria , Berge Eivind , Traenka Christopher , Vehoff Jochen , De Marchis Gian Marco , Kapauer Monika , Peters Nils , Sirimarco Gaia , Bonati Leo H. , Arnold Marcel , Lyrer Philippe A. , De Maistre Emmanuel , Luft Andreas , Tsakiris Dimtrios A. , Engelter Stefan T. ,   on behalf of the Novel Oral Anticoagulants in Stroke Patients study group
Published: February 2018

Objective

Information about rivaroxaban plasma level (RivLev) may guide treatment decisions in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) taking rivaroxaban.

Methods

In a multicenter registry‐based study (Novel Oral Anticoagulants in Stroke Patients collaboration; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02353585) of patients with stroke while taking rivaroxaban, we compared RivLev in patients with AIS and ICH. We determined how many AIS patients had RivLev ≤ 100ng/ml, indicating possible eligibility for thrombolysis, and how many ICH patients had RivLev ≥ 75ng/ml, making them possibly eligible for the use of specific reversal agents. We explored factors associated with RivLev (Spearman correlation, regression models) and studied the sensitivity and specificity of international normalized ratio (INR) thresholds to substitute RivLev using cross tables and receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results

Among 241 patients (median age = 80 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 73–84; median time from onset to admission = 2 hours, IQR = 1–4.5 hours; median RivLev = 89ng/ml, IQR = 31–194), 190 had AIS and 51 had ICH. RivLev was similar in AIS patients (82ng/ml, IQR = 30–202) and ICH patients (102ng/ml, IQR = 51–165; p = 0.24). Trough RivLev(≤137ng/ml) occurred in 126/190 (66.3%) AIS and 34/51 (66.7%) ICH patients. Among AIS patients, 108/190 (56.8%) had RivLev ≤ 100ng/ml. In ICH patients, 33/51 (64.7%) had RivLev ≥ 75ng/ml. RivLev was associated with rivaroxaban dosage, and inversely with renal function and time since last intake (each p < 0.05). INR ≤ 1.0 had a specificity of 98.9% and a sensitivity of 25.7% to predict RivLev ≤ 100ng/ml. INR ≥ 1.4 had a sensitivity of 59.3% and specificity of 90.1% to predict RivLev ≥ 75ng/ml.

Interpretation

RivLev did not differ between patients with AIS and ICH. Half of the patients with AIS under rivaroxaban had a RivLev low enough to consider thrombolysis. In ICH patients, two‐thirds had a RivLev high enough to meet the eligibility for the use of a specific reversal agent. INR thresholds perform poorly to inform treatment decisions in individual patients. Ann Neurol 2018;83:451–459
Mutations in MICAL‐1cause autosomal‐dominant lateral temporal epilepsy
Authors: Dazzo Emanuela , Rehberg Kati , Michelucci Roberto , Passarelli Daniela , Boniver Clementina , Vianello Dri Valeria , Striano Pasquale , Striano Salvatore , Pasterkamp R. Jeroen , Nobile Carlo
Published: February 2018

Objective

Autosomal‐dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE) is a genetic focal epilepsy characterized by auditory symptoms. Two genes, LGI1 and RELN, encoding secreted proteins, are implicated in the etiology of ADLTE, but half of the affected families remain genetically unsolved, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be clarified. We aimed to identify additional genes causing ADLTE to better understand the genetic basis and molecular pathway underlying this epileptic disorder.

Methods

A cohort of Italian ADLTE families was examined by whole exome sequencing combined with genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism‐array linkage analysis.

Results

We identified two ADLTE‐causing variants in the MICAL‐1 gene: a p.Gly150Ser substitution occurring in the enzymatically active monooxygenase (MO) domain and a p.Ala1065fs frameshift indel in the C‐terminal domain, which inhibits the oxidoreductase activity of the MO domain. Each variant segregated with ADLTE in a single family. Examination of candidate variants in additional genes excluded their implication in ADLTE. In cell‐based assays, both variants significantly increased MICAL‐1 oxidoreductase activity and induced cell contraction in COS7 cells, which likely resulted from deregulation of F‐actin dynamics.

Interpretation

MICAL‐1 oxidoreductase activity induces disassembly of actin filaments, thereby regulating the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in developing and adult neurons and in other cell types. This suggests that dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton dynamics is a likely mechanism by which MICAL‐1 pathogenic variants lead to ADLTE. Ann Neurol 2018;83:483–493
Increase of hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated current in the aberrant excitability of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Lai Hsing‐Jung , Chen Chien‐Lin , Tsai Li‐Kai
Published: February 2018

Objective

The pathophysiology of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is still unclear.

Methods

The nerve excitability test in SMA patients and a mouse model of SMA was carried out to explore the pathophysiology of nodal and internodal currents, and quantitative PCR, western blotting, and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording were used for the identified hypothesis.

Results

The nerve excitability test in SMA patients showed increased inward rectification in the current‐threshold relationship and increased overshoot after hyperpolarizing threshold electrotonus, which indicates increased hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) current; these findings correlated with disease severity. Increased inward rectification in the current‐threshold relationship was reproducible in a mouse model of mild SMA, and the abnormality preceded the decline of compound motor action potential amplitudes. Furthermore, quantitative PCR of spinal cord tissues and western blotting of the spinal cord and sciatic nerves showed increased HCN1 and HCN2 expression in SMA mice, and voltage‐clamp recording in dissociated spinal motor neurons from SMA mice also showed increased HCN current density. Treatment with ZD7288, an HCN channel blocker, also reduced early mortality, improved motor function, and restored neuromuscular junction architecture in a mouse model of severe SMA.

Interpretation

This study shows that increased HCN current underlies the pathophysiology of SMA and can be a novel non‐SMN target for SMA therapy. Ann Neurol 2018;83:494–507
The Weinberg‐Salam Model of Electroweak Interactions: Ingenious Discovery or Lucky Hunch?
Authors: Borrelli Arianna
Published: February 2018

This contribution looks back at the papers published fifty years ago by Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg, which are today regarded as marking the coming‐to‐be of the Weinberg‐Salam model of electroweak interactions. Despite their present fame, at the time of their publication the papers went largely unnoticed. Reconstructing the historical context from which they emerged will show how, against the traditional image of theoretical physicists as “lone geniuses,” the Weinberg‐Salam model actually came to be thanks to the interplay of many different actors and ideas.
Acute Modulation of Mycobacterial Cell Envelope Biogenesis by Front‐Line Tuberculosis Drugs
Authors: Rodriguez‐Rivera Frances P. , Zhou Xiaoxue , Theriot Julie A. , Bertozzi Carolyn R.
Published: February 2018

Front‐line tuberculosis (TB) drugs have been characterized extensively in vitro and in vivo with respect to gene expression and cell viability. However, little work has been devoted to understanding their effects on the physiology of the cell envelope, one of the main targets of this clinical regimen. Herein, we use metabolic labeling methods to visualize the effects of TB drugs on cell envelope dynamics in mycobacterial species. We developed a new fluorophore–trehalose conjugate to visualize trehalose monomycolates of the mycomembrane using super‐resolution microscopy. We also probed the relationship between mycomembrane and peptidoglycan dynamics using a dual metabolic labeling strategy. Finally, we found that metabolic labeling of both cell envelope structures reports on drug effects on cell physiology in two hours, far faster than a genetic sensor of cell envelope stress. Our work provides insight into acute drug effects on cell envelope biogenesis in live mycobacteria.
Templatsynthese dreidimensionaler Hexakisimidazolium‐Käfige
Authors: Sun Li‐Ying , Sinha Narayan , Yan Tao , Wang Yi‐Shou , Tan Tristan T. Y. , Yu Le , Han Ying‐Feng , Hahn F. Ekkehardt
Published: February 2018

Eine Strategie für die Synthese dreidimensionaler Hexakisimidazolium‐Käfigverbindungen wurde entwickelt. Die Reaktion von trigonalen Trisimidazolium‐Salzen H3L(PF6)3 mit drei terminalen N‐Olefin‐Substituenten und Silberoxid ergibt molekulare Trisilber‐Hexacarben‐Zylinder des Typs [Ag3(L)2]3+, in denen die N‐Olefin‐Substituenten von zwei unterschiedlichen Tricarben‐Liganden paarweise angeordnet sind. UV‐Bestrahlung führt über drei [2+2]‐Cycloadditionen zu drei Cyclobutan‐Brücken zwischen den beiden Tris‐NHC‐Liganden und damit zu einem dreidimensionalen Hexakis‐NHC‐Liganden. Das Entfernen der Metallionen ergibt dreidimensionale Hexakisimidazolium‐Käfigkationen mit einem großen inneren Hohlraum; dies sind die ersten Beispiele für derartige Verbindungen.
Biocatalytic Conversion of Cyclic Ketones Bearing α‐Quaternary Stereocenters into Lactones in an Enantioselective Radical Approach to Medium‐Sized Carbocycles
Authors: Morrill Charlotte , Jensen Chantel , Just‐Baringo Xavier , Grogan Gideon , Turner Nicholas J. , Procter David J.
Published: February 2018

Cyclic ketones bearing α‐quaternary stereocenters underwent efficient kinetic resolution using cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Lactones possessing tetrasubstituted stereocenters were obtained with high enantioselectivity (up to >99 % ee) and complete chemoselectivity. Preparative‐scale biotransformations were exploited in conjunction with a SmI2‐mediated cyclization process to access complex, enantiomerically enriched cycloheptan‐ and cycloctan‐1,4‐diols. In a parallel approach to structurally distinct products, enantiomerically enriched ketones from the resolution with an α‐quaternary stereocenter were used in a SmI2‐mediated cyclization process to give cyclobutanol products (up to >99 % ee).
Contra‐Thermodynamic, Photocatalytic E→Z Isomerization of Styrenyl Boron Species: Vectors to Facilitate Exploration of Two‐Dimensional Chemical Space
Authors: Molloy John J. , Metternich Jan B. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Watson Allan J. B. , Gilmour Ryan
Published: February 2018

Designing strategies to access stereodefined olefinic organoboron species is an important synthetic challenge. Despite significant advances, there is a striking paucity of routes to Z‐α‐substituted styrenyl organoborons. Herein, this strategic imbalance is redressed by exploiting the polarity of the C(sp2)−B bond to activate the neighboring π system, thus enabling a mild, traceless photocatalytic isomerization of readily accessible E‐α‐substituted styrenyl BPins to generate the corresponding Z‐isomers with high fidelity. Preliminary validation of this contra‐thermodynamic E→Z isomerization is demonstrated in a series of stereoretentive transformations to generate Z‐configured trisubstituted alkenes, as well as in a concise synthesis of the anti‐tumor agent Combretastatin A4.
Hierarchical Assembly of an Interlocked M8L16 Container
Authors: Bloch Witold M. , Holstein Julian J. , Dittrich Birger , Hiller Wolf , Clever Guido H.
Published: February 2018

The self‐assembly of eight PdII cations and sixteen phenanthrene‐derived bridging ligands with 60° bite angles yielded a novel M8L16 metallosupramolecular architecture composed of two interlocked D4h‐symmetric barrel‐shaped containers. Mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray analysis revealed this self‐assembled structure to be a very large “Hopf link” catenane featuring channel‐like cavities, which are occupied by NO3− anions. The importance of the anions as catenation templates became imminent when we observed the nitrate‐triggered structural rearrangement of a mixture of M3L6 and M4L8 assemblies formed in the presence of BF4− anions into the same interlocked molecule. Furthermore, the densely packed structure of the M8L16 catenane was exploited in the preparation of a hexyloxy‐functionalized analogue, which further self‐assembled into vesicle‐like aggregates in a reversible manner.
Process optimization of the extraction condition of β‐amylase from brewer's malt and its application in the maltose syrup production
Authors: Niu Chengtuo , Zheng Feiyun , Li Yongxian , Liu Chunfeng , Li Qi
Published: February 2018

β‐Amylase is of important biotechnological aid in maltose syrup production. In this study, the extraction condition of β‐amylase from brewer's malt and the optimal dosage of β‐amylase in maltose syrup production were optimized using response surface methodology and uniform design method. The optimal extraction condition of β‐amylase from brewer's malt was composed of 1:17 (g/v) material/liquid ratio, 44°C extraction temperature, pH 6.4 buffer pH, 2.3 H extraction time, and 1.64 g L−1 NaSO3 dosage with a predicted β‐amylase activity of 1,290.99 U g−1, which was close to the experimental β‐amylase activity of 1,230.22 U g−1. The optimal dosages of β‐amylase used in maltose syrup production were 455.67 U g−1 starch and its application in maltose syrup production led to a 68.37% maltose content in maltose syrup, which was 11.2% and 28.9% higher than those using β‐amylases from soybean and microbe (P < 0.01). Thus, β‐amylase from brewer's malt was beneficial for production of high maltose syrup.
Reaction‐Mediated Desorption of Macromolecules: Novel Phenomenon Enabling Simultaneous Reaction and Separation
Authors: Isakari Yu , Kishi Yuhi , Yoshimoto Noriko , Yamamoto Shuichi , Podgornik Aleš
Published: February 2018

Combining chemical reaction with separation offers several advantages. In this work possibility to induce spontaneous desorption of adsorbed macromolecules, once being PEGylated, through adjustment of the reagent composition is investigated. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and activated oligonucleotide, 9T, are used as the test molecules and 20 kDa linear activated PEG is used for their PEGylation. BSA solid‐phase PEGylation is performed on Q Sepharose HP. Distribution coefficient of BSA and PEG‐BSA as a function of NaCl is determined using linear gradient elution (LGE) experiments and Yamamoto model. According to the distribution coefficient the selectivity between BSA and PEG − BSA of around 15 is adjusted by using NaCl. Spontaneous desorption of PEG − BSA is detected with no presence of BSA. However, due to a rather low selectivity, also desorption of BSA occurred at high elution volume. A similar procedure is applied for activated 9T oligonucleotide, this time using monolithic CIM QA disk monolithic column for adsorption. Selectivity of over 2000 is obtained by proper adjustment of PEG reagent composition. High selectivity enables spontaneous desorption of PEG‐9T without any desorption of activated 9T. Both experiments demonstrates that reaction‐mediated desorption of macromolecules is possible when the reaction conditions are properly tuned.
Cooligomerization of 1,1‐Diethyl‐3,4‐Diphenyl‐2,5‐Dibromo‐1‐Silacyclopenta‐2,5‐Diene with Dichlorodisubstituted‐Silanes Using n‐Butyllithium and their Photoelectronic Characterizations
Authors: Jang Ji Hoon , Park Young Tae
Published: February 2018

Cooligomerization of 2,5‐dibromo‐1,1‐diethyl‐3,4‐diphenyl‐1‐silacyclopenta‐2,5‐diene with dichlorodisubstituted silanes was carried out by using n‐butyllithium in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to yield poly[(1,1‐diethyl‐3,4‐diphenyl‐1‐silacyclopenta‐2,5‐dienylene)‐co‐(disubstituted silylene)]s 6a–g. The stretching frequencies of the dienes in the siloles appeared at 1594–1598 cm−1 in the FT‐IR spectral data of the prepared oligomers. The afforded cooligomers are well soluble in chloroform and THF. Gel permeation chromatography showed that the materials are oligomeric. According to the UV–Vis absorption spectra of the cooligomers in THF, the absorption maximum peaks with molar absorptivities of 7.71 × 102 to 1.10 × 104 L/(cm mol) were observed at 260–300 nm, indicating red‐shifts of 5–20 nm in comparison with the absorption peaks of 2,5‐dibromo‐1,1‐diethyl‐3,4‐diphenyl‐1‐silacyclopenta‐2,5‐diene. In the fluorescence emission spectra, emission maximum peaks were measured at 375–391 nm and maximum excitation bands at 290–318 nm. These absorption and emission spectra suggest that the prepared copolymers containing 1‐silacyclopenta‐2,5‐dienylene were conjugated following the cooligomer backbone. Cyclic voltammogram traces of 6a showed two oxidation peaks at 0.39 and 1.73 V and two reduction peaks at −0.39 and −1.49 V. Thermogravimetric analyses showed that all of the oligomers were generally thermally stable up to 150 °C, with a weight loss of 0–4% under nitrogen.
Response of Biomass Development, Essential Oil, and Composition of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. to Irrigation Frequency and Harvest Time
Authors: Sabra Ali S. , Astatkie Tessema , Alataway Abed , Mahmoud Abeer A. , Gendy Ahmed S. H. , Said‐Al Ahl Hussein A. H. , Tkachenko Kirill G.
Published: February 2018

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of four irrigation intervals (4, 8, 12, and 16 days) and six harvests (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months after transplanting) on biomass, essential oil content, and composition of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Fresh weight and essential oil yield decreased with increasing irrigation interval; whereas, essential oil content was stimulated by water stress and increased as the irrigation interval increased. Fresh weight of Plectranthus amboinicus irrigated every 4 days peaked when harvested at 6 months, but essential oil content peaked when irrigated every 16 days and harvested at 2 months after transplantation. On the other hand, essential oil yield peaked when irrigated every 8 days and harvested at 6 months. Thymol, p‐cymene, γ‐terpinene, and β‐caryophyllene were the major compounds, and they peaked at different irrigation intervals and harvest times. This study showed biomass, essential oil content, and yield as well as the major and minor constituents of Plectranthus amboinicus are influenced by irrigation interval and the timing of harvest.