bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF HAMMADA SCOPARIA EXTRACTS FROM SOUTHEASTERN ALGERIA
Authors: Salah Benkherara , O Bordjiba
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical constituents and to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the aerial part extracts of Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin to validate the medicinal potential of this Algerian plant species.Methods: Crude extracts were prepared by cold maceration with absolute methanol and distilled water. Preliminary phytochemical screening is carried out to detect the presence of the major secondary metabolites using qualitative characterization methods. Quantitative estimation of total phenols, total flavonoids, flavanols, flavonols, and condensed tannins contents is performed using gallic acid, rutin, catechin, and quercetin as standards. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by the free radical scavenging activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity by scavenging of 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation assay, and the ferric reducing power assay (ferric reducing antioxidant power).Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes and sterols, saponins, and anthocyanins. Total phenols were present more in aqueous crude extract (ACE) with 336.756±0.855 mg gallic acid equivalent/g DM. Total flavonoids and flavonols were more abundant in methanolic crude extract (MCE) than ACE. However, condensed tannins and flavanols were present less in MCE with only 0.958±0.052 and 4.547±0.055 mg CE/g DM, respectively. The ACE of this plant species had greater antioxidant activity than the other extract by DPPH and ABTS assays (35.823±0.129 and 51.323±0.394 mg trolox equivalent/g DM). The better ferric reducing power (2060.535±2.566 mM Fe+2/g DM) was also recorded with the same extract.Conclusion: ACE of aerial part of H. scoparia (Pomel) Iljin showed a high amount of secondary metabolites. The obtained results confirmed that the extracting solvent influenced the antioxidant property estimations of this plant. Hence, the ACE can be further exploited further for in vitro and in vivo research work.
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF INORGANIC ACID, BASIC RADICALS, AND ESTIMATION OF BIOMOLECULES IN THE FLOWER EXTRACT OF BUTEA SUPERBA ROXB.
Authors: B Seethalakshmi , K Kavitha
Published: October 2018

Objective: Medicinal plants have different chemicals in their roots, stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits. In human history, medicinal plants play a vital role in the traditional medicine because of herbal plants have a great nutritive value, and some of them are also used in medicine. The efficacy of medicinal plants is mainly allied with their components such as secondary metabolites and inorganic acid, and basic radicals considered that prolonged intake can cause health problems if the heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and other impurities are the threshold concentrations.Methods: In the present study, the flower extract of Butea superba was analyzed for the inorganic acid and basic radicals and the estimation of total saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The above protocols were done using standard methods.Results: The flower extract of B. superba revealed that the inorganic acid radicals such as chromate, phosphate, and sulfate and the basic radicals such as lead, arsenic, and ferrous showed that positive results. The percentage of total saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids were compared in the following order, saponins<terpenoids<alkaloids as 4.181±0.017%<79.833±0.351%<107.823±0.105%, respectively.Conclusion: The present study revealed that the inorganic acid and basic elements of B. superba flower extract. The estimation of secondary metabolites such as total saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids proved that the flower extract of B. superba is used to treat many diseases.
STANDARDIZATION AND COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF AYURVEDIC POLYHERBAL GHRITA FORMULATION WITH MODERN EXTRACTION TECHNIQUE FOR EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY USING REVERSED PHASE-HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: M Shelar , L Sathiyanarayanan , K Mahadik , S Gadgil
Published: October 2018

Objective: Sarasvata ghrita (SG) is a polyherbal formulation in Ayurvedic Indian medicinal system, in which ghee is the main ingredient used for extraction. Ghee is 100% lipid, thus its regular use is limited, and there is a lack of quality control profile of SG. Thus, the objective of the study is to develop quality control method for standardization of SG and to analyze manufacturing process of SG and an effective method of extraction to extract phytoconstituents from herbs used in SG to overcome the limitation of SG.Methods: SG was processed as per the traditional method, whereas ethanolic extract (EE) and hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) were obtained by the conventional method and lipid-based extract (LE) was prepared by modern extraction method. SG and all extracts were standardized using newly developed high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) with respect to bebeerine, piperine, 6-shogaol, β-asarone, and chebulinic acid. All extracts were analyzed for pesticides, and heavy metal content by LC/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and inductively coupled plasma/MS, respectively, screened for total polyphenols and flavonoids content, in vitro antioxidant potential, and for assessing its stability over time.Results: The better extraction was observed with maceration extraction using ethanol compared to ayurvedic method and LE method. All extracts were found to have a negligible amount of pesticide and heavy metals and found to be stable for 6 months under accelerated storage condition. Better polyphenols and flavonoid content and in vitro antioxidant potential were resulted in EE.Conclusion: EE showed a better potential in comparison with SG and LE.
NEURORESTORATIVE MULBERRIES POTENTIAL OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE IN ANIMAL MODEL
Authors: El-baz Farouk K , Aly Hanan F , Abd-alla Howaida I , Ali Sanaa A
Published: October 2018

Objective: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aimed to identify the potential neurorestorative of Morus alba and Morus rubra fruits extract on aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced AD rats.Methods: Each Morus species extract M. alba and M. rubra at a dose 300 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) was orally administered, daily for 6 weeks post AlCl3 induction (100 mg/kg b.wt./day/6 weeks, orally). The polyphenols content was determined according to the colorimetric method of Folin–Ciocalteu using gallic acid as a standard. In addition, brain neurotransmitters, total protein content (TPC), and antioxidant biomarkers were determined. Histopathological assessment was performed on the brains of rats.Results: Administration of AlCl3 neurotoxicity induced a significant increment of brain acetylcholinesterase, and nitric oxide, while significant decrease in four monoamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine serotonin, and dopamin), along with brain tissue ATPase, and TPC were determined. AlCl3-induced changes in peroxidative products, such as protein carbonyl, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity. AlCl3 induction resulted in significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes, serum level of total antioxidant capacity, and caused histological alteration for brain tissue. Treatment of AD-rats with M. alba and M. rubra (300 mg/kg b.wt./day) causes modulation of most biochemical markers brain function and confirmed by brain histopathological study.Conclusion: Collectively, the present results indicated that M. rubra and M. alba exerts neuroprotection against AlCl3-induced brain pathology. To the best of our knowledge, none of the literature studies have demonstrated the effect of these Morus species against Al-neurotoxicity at biochemical and electron microscopic levels.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PSORIASIS PATIENT THROUGH HEALTH PROMOTION APPROACH AT HAJI ADAM MALIK GENERAL HOSPITAL, MEDAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Meher Cashtry , Roesyanto Irma D , Rochadi Kintoko , Ashar Taufik
Published: October 2018

Objective: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, can affect all ages characterized by reddish plaques that are covered by thick scales of silvery white and firmly bounded. Psoriasis is a skin disease that is difficult to cure because psoriasis can interfere with life quality of life behavior even cause the level of stress for the patient. This study aims to evaluate the effect of health promotion of quality of life of psoriasis patients.Methods: This research is an experiment between pre- and post-test that aims to know the effort of improving the quality of life of psoriasis patient through a health promotion approach. Population in this research is patient of psoriasis in the draft of human rights number 60 people. Then, divide the questioner to the respondents who made twice before the health promotion and after health promotion in the experimental group.Result: The study showed significant differences between pre- and post-test values for quality of life, stress level, and behavior toward health promotion. Data analysis with paired t-test at 95% confidence level, quality of life with lecture method (p=0.001), quality of life (p=0.001), and behavior with method of Booklet (p=0.001).Conclusion: It is recommended for health workers more often to provide health promotion because psoriasis is chronic and recidive disease, it is necessary to improve the quality of service in hospitals by providing education in the form of health promotion in patients not to quickly despair and can comply with doctor’s advice.
EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MIMOSA PUDICA ROOT L. ON ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS-INDUCED ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
Authors: Shashikumara Shashikumara , C Prathima , B Amrutheswari
Published: October 2018

Objective: The present study is undertaken to study the ameliorative effects of ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica root (EMPR) on stress-induced anxiety and depressive-like behavior in Swiss albino mice.Methods: The animals were subjected to acute restraint stress (ARS) for 7 days, and on the 8th day after drugs administration, the antianxiety effect was evaluated using elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Antidepressant activity was evaluated by animal despair models-forced swim test and tail suspension test. Phytochemical analysis of the extract was also conducted.Results: EMPR (1000 and 2000 mg/kg) and the combined test groups have shown significant antianxiety effects similar to the standard diazepam as indicated by an improved open arm exploratory behavior in EPM model. EMPR also significantly reduced the immobility time in the animal despair models tested.Conclusion: Results suggest that EMPR possesses significant anxiolytic and antidepressant activity in male Swiss albino mice.
IMPACT OF OBESITY ON PULMONARY FUNCTIONS AMONG YOUNG NON-SMOKER HEALTHY FEMALE OF SHAH ALAM, MALAYSIA
Authors: Bhattacharjee Aniruddha , Thygoo Ariitharan A/l , Rammohan Subramanian
Published: October 2018

Objectives: The sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet of Malaysian female have become important contributing factors to the rise of obesity. Studies on pulmonary function in relation to obesity are very few in Malaysia. Therefore, the study was aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity on pulmonary functions among young adult healthy female students of Shah Alam, Malaysia.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in a total of 100 (50 obese and 50 non-obese) adult non-smoker healthy female students aged 18–25 years. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), FEV1 as a percentage of FVC (FEV1/FVC%), maximum midexpiratory flow rate (FEF 25–75%), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured using a computerized spirometer. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured.Results: The mean FVC (L), FEV1 (L), FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF 25–75% (L/s), and PEFR (L/s) of obese group were marginally lower than non-obese control group, but the differences were not statistically significant. WC and waist–hip ratio exhibited significant (p<0.05) inverse correlation with all pulmonary function measurements except FEV1/FVC%. However, body mass index had no significant correlation with any spirometric variables in studied obese females.Conclusion: There was no significant effect of obesity on pulmonary functions in the studied Malaysian females. However, abdominal obesity had more impact on the impairment of pulmonary functions than overall relative obesity.
NEUROPROTECTIVE ROLE OF ASCORBIC ACID: ANTIOXIDANT AND NON-ANTIOXIDANT FUNCTIONS
Authors: Kumar Arun , Saini Reena V , Saini Adesh K
Published: October 2018

Ascorbic acid (AA) or Vitamin C is an important antioxidant which participates in numerous cellular functions. Although in human plasma its concentration is in micromolars but it reaches millimolar concentrations in most of the human tissues. The high ascorbate cellular concentrations are generated and maintained by a specific sodium-dependent Vitamin C transporter type 2 (SVCT2, member of Slc23 family). Metabolic processes recycle Vitamin C from its oxidized forms (ascorbate) inside the cells. AA concentration is highest in the neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals, and deletion of its transporter affects mice brain and overall survival. In the CNS, intracellular ascorbate serves several functions including antioxidant protection, peptide amidation, myelin formation, synaptic potentiation, and protection against glutamate toxicity. SVCT2 maintains neuronal ascorbate content in CNS which has relevance for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease. As ascorbate supplements decrease infarct size in ischemia-reperfusion injury and protect neurons from oxidative damage, it is a vital dietary antioxidant. The aim of this review is to assess the role of the SVCT2 in regulating neuronal ascorbate homeostasis in CNS and the extent to which ascorbate affects brain function as an antioxidant.
GENOTOXIC AND CARCINOGENIC STUDIES OF NORGESTREL IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: A Abou-eisha , El-din Adel E
Published: October 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the possible in vivo genotoxic and carcinogenic activity associated with exposure to norgestrel (NGT) drug through employing the very recently established and adjusted genotoxic and tumorigenic methods in Drosophila melanogaster.Methods: Two in vivo genotoxic test systems were used; one detects the somatic mutation and recombination effects (somatic mutation and recombination test [SMART] wing-spot test) and the other detects the primary DNA damage (the comet test) in the body cells of D. melanogaster. On the other hand, the warts (wts)-based SMART assay is a vital genetic examination in Drosophila used to identify and characterize cancer potential of compounds.Results: Four experimental doses of NGT were used (ranging from 0.24 μM to 16 μM). NGT was found to be non-genotoxic at all tested concentrations even at the highest dose level 16 μM and failed to increase the frequency of tumors in the somatic cells of D. melanogaster.Conclusion: Our results strengthen the hypothesis that steroidal drugs might act through a non-genotoxic carcinogen mechanism where the carcinogenic properties occur by direct stimulation of cellular proliferation through a steroid receptor-mediated mechanism. In addition, the results obtained in this research work may contribute to highlighting the importance of NGT as a potent neuroprotective antioxidant drug.
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN PROSTAGLANDIN E2, NITRIC OXIDE, AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR LEVELS IN GASTRIC MUCOSA DURING THE HEALING OF ACETIC ACID-INDUCED ULCER
Authors: Ajayi Ayodeji Folorunsho , Kehinde Busuyi David , Lateef Olubodun Micheal , Akorede Bolaji Aderibigbe
Published: October 2018

Objective: Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PgE2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are fundamental regulators of epithelial restitution and angiogenesis. They play important roles in ulcer healing. Insights into their possible changes during gastric ulcer healing putting age into consideration could give a guide to the proper management of ulcers in the aging population. This study, therefore, examined alterations in the concentrations of PgE2, NO, and VEGF in the gastric mucosa of rats of different ages after induction of ulcer and during healing.Methods: Male Wister rats (aged 3, 6, and 18 months old) were divided into three groups according to their ages. The ulcer was induced using the acetic acid ulcer model. Healing indices studied on days 3, 7, and 14 were the macroscopic dimension of ulcer, stomach tissue concentration of PgE2, NO, and VEGF, with the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF.Results: Outcome of this study showed 100%, 88.36%, and 62.30% area of mucosa healed in 3-, 6-, and 18-month-old rats respectively, on day 14 post-induction of ulcer. PgE2, NO, and VEGF concentrations were inversely proportional to age during healing. Immunohistochemical staining showed that younger rat (3 and 6 months old) had higher expression of VEGF throughout the healing period.Conclusion: It was therefore concluded that the slower rate of healing in older rats could be due to reduced gastroprotection, epithelial restitution, and angiogenesis as age increases.
FABRICATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES: USING VITEX NEGUNDO L. AGAINST CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN ALBINO RAT
Authors: M Janakiraman
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Vitex negundo L. against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rat.Methods: Synthesized silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L. were characterized by particle size, ultra violet (UV)-visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Albino rats were divided randomly into six groups of six animals each. Group I normal rats were treated with an oral dose of distilled water for 15 days. Group II rats were treated with single i.p. dose of cisplatin (16 mg/kg) on day 1. Group III rats were treated only with an oral dose of V. negundo L. (200 mg/kg/d) for 15 days. Group IV rats were treated only with an oral dose of silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L. (200 mg/kg/d) for 15 days. Group V rats were treated with an oral dose of V. negundo L. for 14 days after single i.p. dose of cisplatin on day 1. Group VI rats were treated with an oral dose of silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L. for 14 days after single i.p. dose of cisplatin on day 1. Collected blood samples and kidney tissue samples were used for biochemical, enzymatic antioxidant, and histopathological studies in all groups.Results: The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by particle size, UV-visible, and XRD analysis, and active principles were identified by FTIR analysis. Biochemical results of silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L.-treated groups showed the significant (p˂0.05) decrease in the level of creatinine, urea, and uric acid as compared to cisplatin-induced rats. The enzymatic antioxidants results of silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L.-treated groups showed the significant (p˂0.05) increase in the level of glutathione reductase and significant decrease in malondialdehyde level as compared to cisplatin-induced rats. In addition, histopathological results of silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L.-treated groups showed the ameliorated impact in cisplatin-induced rats.Conclusion: The results of these studies were concluded that silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L. have profound protective effect against the adverse effects caused by cisplatin in rat kidney than V. negundo L. treated along with cisplatin in albino rat.
Calidad de vida y factores asociados a la no adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes portadores de VIH
Authors: Salgado Jiménez María de los  Ángeles , Haddad Bello José Manuel , Miranda Correa Bruno , Martínez Casarrubias Juan Carlos , García Bahena Mildred , Joanico Morales Baltazar , Cruz Cruz María Del Rosario , Balbuena Herrera Edgar
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: determinar la calidad de vida y los factores asociados a la no adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes vih positivos, en una clínica de atención en Guerrero, México. Métodos: se elaboró un estudio transversal analítico. La muestra fue de 167 pacientes vih positivos en tratamiento antirretroviral que asistieron a la clínica de vih del Hospital General Regional Vicente Guerrero, en Acapulco, Guerrero, durante el periodo de mayo a octubre de 2016. Para la recopilación de la información clínica se utilizaron los cuestionarios mos-hiv para evaluar calidad de vida y smaq para analizar adherencia al tratamiento. Resultados: se encuestó a 167 pacientes, relación hombre-mujer 3:1. 49% de pacientes no presentó adherencia al tratamiento, mientras que 93% manifestó tener buena calidad de vida; los hombres reportaron mejor adherencia. Los factores asociados en el análisis bivariado a la no adherencia fueron: escolaridad y edad. En el análisis multivariado solo la edad fue estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los encuestados señaló tener una buena calidad de vida, sin embargo, la mitad de ellos no se apega al tratamiento; es necesario realizar estudios de intervención educativa para modificar las variables asociadas.
Adherencia al tratamiento y su relación con el control metabólico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, en una unidad de medicina familiar en Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
Authors: Vargas Sánchez Cristina Guadalupe , Toledo Hernández Angélica
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la adherencia al tratamiento y el control metabólico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 del programa Diabetimss de una unidad de medicina familiar en Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Métodos: estudio de tipo transversal analítico. Muestra de 178 pacientes que acudieron al programa Diabetimss en el periodo de agosto a septiembre de 2016. Previa firma de consentimiento informado se aplicó el cuestionario sobre características sociodemográficas, clínicas y la Escala de Adherencia al Tratamiento en Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2-versión III (eatdm-iii); se obtuvo información de parámetros bioquímicos de los expedientes clínicos con el propósito de determinar el control metabólico en los pacientes. Para el análisis univariado se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central, porcentajes y frecuencias; la prueba estadística χ2 seocupó para el análisis bivariado. Resultados: de los 178 pacientes, 65.73% era de sexo femenino; 46.07% tenía de 52 a 67 años; 41.57% contaba con menos de cinco años de evolución de la enfermedad; 26.40% se hallaba en tratamiento con un hipoglucemiante oral. 62.92% tuvo adherencia media al tratamiento, no se reportaron pacientes con adherencia baja; 44.94% del total de pacientes presentó control metabólico; 84.8% de pacientes con adherencia alta presentó control metabólico y 78.6% de pacientes con adherencia media presentó descontrol metabólico. La asociación entre el control metabólico y la adherencia al tratamiento fue significativa con un valor p de 0.000. Conclusiones: el grado de adherencia es determinante para el control metabólico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, considerando que el tipo de tratamiento, los años de evolución y la existencia de otras comorbilidades influyen sobre el mismo; la mayoría de pacientes se encontraba en descontrol metabólico, a pesar de presentar una mediana adherencia al tratamiento.
Riesgo de complicaciones a corto plazo asociadas con extracción dental en pacientes de una unidad de medicina familiar de Acapulco, Guerrero, México
Authors: Vega Vega Sheila P. , Ramírez Verduzco Magali , Bernal Salgado Sarahí L. , Garduño Orbe Brenda , García Jiménez Yuliana , García Morales Gabriela
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de complicaciones posteriores a la extracción dental y su asociación con enfermedades crónicas en personas adscritas a la Unidad de Medicina Familiar no. 26, imss, de Acapulco, Guerrero, México. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, realizado de abril a agosto de 2017. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia de 112 pacientes, mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos, con criterios clínicos para extracción dental. Se excluyeron pacientes con discapacidad psicomotora, enfermedad renal en estadio IV y V o que estuvieran en tratamiento con radioterapia y quimioterapia. Se eliminaron pacientes que no acudieron a su cita posterior a la extracción. Se aplicó una encuesta sobre datos sociodemográficos, comorbilidad asociada e higiene oral; la comorbilidad se corroboró en el expediente electrónico. En la exploración oral se obtuvo el motivo de extracción dental, tipo y número de diente. Se les citó siete días después de la extracción para detectar complicaciones. Se realizó análisis bivariado, la estimación se expresó en or, intervalos de confianza (ic) de 95% y valor p. Resultados: la principal causa de extracción dental fue la caries. La frecuencia de complicación por extracción dental fue de 12.5%. No se encontró asociación entre complicación y enfermedad crónica como diabetes e hipertensión arterial. Conclusión: una de cada ocho personas con extracción dental presentó complicación, siendo la alveolitis la más frecuente.
Efecto del estilo de vida en el control de pacientes con hipertensión arterial sistémica en una unidad de medicina familiar en Puebla, México
Authors: Hernández de la Rosa Maricarmen , Godoy Quinto Jesús , Romero San Salvador Concepción Y. , Gutiérrez Gabriel Itzel , Arthur Aguirre Fernando
Published: October 2018

Objetivos: determinar la asociación entre estilo de vida y el control de la hipertensión arterial sistémica (has) en una unidad medicina familiar. Métodos: entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de mayo del 2017 se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar no. 57 en Puebla, México. La muestra estuvo conformada por 306 pacientes de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de has bajo tratamiento médico. Mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia se aplicó el instrumento fantastic para medir estilos de vida. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y analítica. Resultados: se determinó que cuatro pacientes (1.3%) presentaban un estilo de vida peligroso, 58 (19%) tenían un bajo estilo de vida, 84 (27.4%) regular, 142 (46.4%) bueno y solo 18 (5.9%) tenían un estilo de vida excelente. Los dominios con evidencia estadísticamente significativa fueron: comunicación, actividad física, nutrición, horas de sueño y estrés. 207 pacientes (67.6%) estaban en control de has. Se observó una asociación significativa entre el estilo de vida y el control de has (p= <0.0001). Conclusiones: el estilo de vida es una variable determinante para el control de la has, identificar estilos de vida en los pacientes puede permitir a los profesionales de la salud determinar, de forma rápida y objetiva, factores de riesgo que pueden ser modificados con el propósito de evitar complicaciones derivadas de enfermedades crónicas.
Cáncer gástrico
Authors: Palmero Picazo Joaquín , Tron Gómez Maria S. , Tovar Torres Sonia
Published: October 2018

El cáncer gástrico es uno de los tipos de cáncer más comunes en el ámbito mundial. Ocupa el quinto lugar de las neoplasias malignas. Existe un declive de la incidencia y mortalidad por el descubrimiento de factores de riesgo como presencia de Helicobacter pylori o asociaciones dietéticas, por ejemplo, consumo excesivo de sal, carne procesada, bebidas alcohólicas, entre otras. La mayoría de los pacientes cursan con una enfermedad inicial asintomática y muestran síntomas cuando se encuentran en estadios avanzados. En la actualidad, la media del diagnóstico, es alrededor de los 69 años de edad, el conocimiento de un adecuado diagnóstico y estadificación puede ser la diferencia entre una supervivencia de 66% a 5%. El método de tamizaje de elección es la endoscopia, mientras que el tratamiento ideal depende del tipo de cáncer que se esté abordando y su estadificación. Este puede variar entre resección, gastrectomía, quimioterapia, radioterapia o medicina paliativa. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de Pubmed, Cochrane, ebsco y Up to date, usando bibliografía en inglés del año 2012 en adelante. Se utilizaron los términos de búsqueda: etiology, risk factors, stomach cancer, epidemiology, treatment. Se encontró un total de 306 artículos. Los criterios de selección fueron: artículos originales, artículos de no más de seis años de antigüedad, y artículos actualizados en el tratamiento, epidemiología y estadificación, que tuvieran un aporte relevante a esta investigación. Tras someter estos textos a los criterios de selección, se obtuvieron 33 artículos.
Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis in serum of patients with generalized vitiligo
Authors: Pektaş Gökhan , Pektaş Suzan , Öztekin Aynure , Oztekin Coşkun , Neşelioglu Salim , Erel Özcan , Sadi Gökhan
Published: October 2018

Vitiligo is a multifactorial disorder commonly associated with hypo-/depigmentation in the skin and may influence both children and adults psychologically because of the notable leopard-skin-like appearance. This study was designed to investigate the thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with generalized vitiligo and to determine its relationship with some of the demographical characteristics. Seventy-six generalized vitiligo patients and 67 healthy individuals were included in the study. Blood serum native thiol, disulfide and total thiol concentrations, together with some hematological parameters, were determined. Results demonstrated that native and total thiol contents, and their ratios, were significantly lower in vitiligo patients. Disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios were significantly higher in the patient group. Progressivity of the disease strongly regulated the thiol/disulfide homeostasis in such a way that active vitiligo patients had reduced native and total thiol levels but increased disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios. Moreover, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between both duration of the vitiligo and native and total thiol contents. As these results clearly demonstrated that thiol/disulfide homeostasis was shifted toward disulfide formation in patients with generalized vitiligo, determining the dynamic nature of thiol/disulfide homeostasis can be used to monitor disease progression.
Syntaxin 4 Expression in Pancreatic β-Cells Promotes Islet Function and Protects Functional β-Cell Mass
Authors: Oh Eunjin , Ahn Miwon , Afelik Solomon , Becker Thomas C. , Roep Bart O. , Thurmond Debbie C.
Published: October 2018

Syntaxin 4 (Stx4) enrichment in human and mouse islet grafts improves the success of transplants in reversing streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in mice, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Toward a further understanding of this, human islets and inducible transgenic mice that selectively overexpress Stx4 in islet β-cells (βTG-Stx4) were challenged with proinflammatory stressors in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, βTG-Stx4 mice resisted the loss of β-cell mass and the glucose intolerance that multiple low doses of STZ induce. Under standard conditions, glucose tolerance was enhanced and mice maintained normal fasting glycemia and insulinemia. Conversely, Stx4 heterozygous knockout mice succumbed rapidly to STZ-induced glucose intolerance compared with their wild-type littermates. Human islet β-cells overexpressing Stx4 exhibited enhanced insulin secretory capability; resilience against proinflammatory cytokine–induced apoptosis; and reduced expression of the CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 genes coordinate with decreased activation/nuclear localization of nuclear factor-κB. Finding ways to boost Stx4 expression presents a novel potential therapeutic avenue for promoting islet function and preserving β-cell mass.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Modulation of Hepatic Glucose Production With Insulin Glargine U300 and Glargine U100 at Steady State With Individualized Clinical Doses in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Porcellati Francesca , Lucidi Paola , Candeloro Paola , Cioli Patrizia , Marinelli Andreoli Anna , Curti Gianluca , Bolli Geremia B. , Fanelli Carmine G.
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE

This study characterized the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and endogenous (hepatic) glucose production (EGP) of clinical doses of glargine U300 (Gla-300) and glargine U100 (Gla-100) under steady-state (SS) conditions in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

T1DM subjects (N = 18, age 40 ± 12 years, T1DM duration 26 ± 12 years, BMI 23.4 ± 2 kg/m2, A1C 7.19 ± 0.52% [55 ± 5.7 mmol · mol−1−1]) were studied after 3 months of Gla-300 or Gla-100 (evening dosing) titrated to fasting euglycemia (random, crossover) with the euglycemic clamp using individualized doses (Gla-300 0.35 ± 0.08, Gla-100 0.28 ± 0.07 units · kg−1).

RESULTS

Plasma free insulin concentrations (free immunoreactive insulin area under the curve) were equivalent over 24 h with Gla-300 versus Gla-100 (point estimate 1.11 [90% CI 1.03; 1.20]) but were reduced in the first 6 h (0.91 [90% CI 0.86; 0.97]) and higher in the last 12 h postdosing (1.38 [90% CI 1.21; 1.56]). Gla-300 and Gla-100 both maintained 24 h euglycemia (0.99 [90% CI 0.98; 1.0]). The glucose infusion rate was equivalent over 24 h (1.03 [90% CI 0.88; 1.21]) but was lower in first (0.77 [90% CI 0.62; 0.95]) and higher (1.53 [90% CI 1.23; 1.92]) in the second 12 h with Gla-300 versus Gla-100. EGP was less suppressed during 0–6 h but more during 18–24 h with Gla-300. PK and PD within-day variability (fluctuation) was 50% and 17% lower with Gla-300.

CONCLUSIONS

Individualized, clinical doses of Gla-300 and Gla-100 resulted in a similar euglycemic potential under SS conditions. However, Gla-300 exhibited a more stable profile, with lower variability and more physiological modulation of EGP compared with Gla-100.
Analysis of Colombian Seismicity as a Way to Explain and Understand The Bucaramanga Nest
Authors: Moreno Wilmer Emilio García
Published: October 2018

Colombia is region with high seismicity due to the convergence of Panama Block, Nazca and Caribbean plates with the South American Plate, however there is a complex area named The Bucaramanga Nest which was the motive of this research means of its complexity, being that there have been different studies which have not been able to explain the reason of this phenomenon, for that motive this work has as objective finding this answer by the use of 3679 earthquake information in Colombia, with a Mw higher than 3.5. Having information from all the earthquakes, they were localized on its epicenters to notice how they were distributed, after that, five lines were chosen to make, along them, The Benioff Zone, obtaining the geometry of the slabs for Nazca and Caribbean plates, knowing the angle of subduction of them and how it changed, also, thirty earthquakes near the five lines were selected to see the focal mechanisms along the slabs and knowing the fault system in The Bucaramanga Nest. Beside all it was said before, it was modeled an approximation of the subduction zones by a contour map along the studied region. At the end, it was able to reach an answer about the reason of why The Bucaramanga Nest happened, defining its vertical and lateral extension too.
Buy One, Get One Free: How Framing Sales Promotions Affects the Whole Shopping Basket
Authors:   MIR Editors
Published: October 2018

According to this study, sales promotions not only affect the sales of promoted items, but also of unpromoted brands and, therefore, the whole shopping basket. The authors demonstrated, in a series of experiments, that the framing of promotions matters. Specific promotions motivate consumers to add more items to their baskets if they are well aligned with the shoppers´ dominant shopping orientation as well as different types of brands. Well-known brands, which represent safe choices, worked well with a savings orientation and with coupons framed as “Save $x” and “Buy one, get one free”. Less familiar brands, which represent a need for variety, were consistent with a promotion focus and with coupons framed as “Get $x off”. Well-known brands were also more compatible with immediately expiring coupons, whereas less familiar brands were compatible with coupons that have longer time horizons.
For retailers, it seems advisable to have a closer look at consumer shopping orientations. Among the design variables for promotions, the framing of the savings message and the expiration date restriction are important variables. Depending on the individual shopping orientation, the right cues positively influence whole shopping baskets and hence sales. Further, consistency is beneficial between the positioning strategies used to differentiate themselves from other retailers (e.g., everyday low-price strategies as opposed to value oriented positions) and their price promotional strategies.
Dual Ligand-Enabled Nondirected C–H Cyanation of Arenes
Authors: Chen Hao , Mondal Arup , van Gemmeren Manuel
Published: October 2018

Aromatic nitriles are key structural units in organic chemistry and thus highly attractive targets for C–H activation. Herein the development of an arene-limited, nondirected C–H cyanation based on the use of two complementary ligands is reported. The reaction enables the cyanation of arenes by C–H activation in the absence of directing groups and is thus complementary to established approaches.
The Effect Of Phototherapy (24 Hours) Towards Jaundice Degrees Of The Newborn In Hospital NICU West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Selung Rosalia , Wasliah Indah , Pratiwi Eka Adithya
Published: October 2018

Background: Aximately 60% of normal birth infant become jaundiced in the first week of birth. The incidence of jaundice in the West Nusa Tenggara hospital in 3 years later (2012-2014) there were 1166 cases. Phototherapy of total serum bilirubin (TSB) increased. Clinical trials have validated the efficacy phototherapy in reducing excessive unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and its implementation has been drastically confine the use of exchange transfusion (Bhutani, 2011). Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of jaundice before and after phototherapy, as well as analyze the influence phototherapy before and after the degree of jaundice in the newborn. Method:This type of research is pre-experimental research design using the approach one group pre-test and post-test design. The study population was all jaundice infants who were treated at Hospital NICU  room in West Nusa Tenggara Provence in May 2016. The sample was 15 respondents with acsidental sampling techniques. The method of data analysis with descriptive percentage univariate and bivariate analysis with test of rank correlation test (spearman) obtained significance value p = 0.000 < 0.05 and spearman correlation coefficients obtained by value p = 0.025 which means there is a strong correlation between the influence of phototherapy (24 hours) the degree of jaundice in the newborn. Result: The results were obtained degree of jaundice before phototherapy is as many as 9 degree 4 respondents (60%) and as many as 6 degrees five respondents (40%). After 24 hours phototherapy all respondents decreased the degree of jaundice and most have some degreen of jaundice 3 of 10  respondents (66,7%) by 5 respondents (33,3%). Discussion:Recommendations can be given is a gift phototherapy to decrease the degree of jaundice.
The Effect of Murottal Therapy in Decreasing Depression of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Rahayu Desi Ariyana , Hidayati Tri Nur , Imam Tsulis Ahmad
Published: October 2018

Background: Hemodialysis can be performed 1 to 3 times a week according to the degree of kidney damage and takes 3 - 5 hours each time. The activity done regularly and continuously throughout life and cause negative effects such as discomfort, decreased quality of life including physical health, psychological, spiritual, and socioeconomic status. The psychological impacts include anxiety, stress and depression. This research aimed to analyze the influence of Murottal therapy on depression of patients undergoing hemodialysis.Method: The research used quasi experimental method with one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling was done by purposive sampling. Data collection used DASS questionnaires. Data was analyzed using T-test and Wilcoxon test. Result: It was found that depression levels were decreased after the given of Murottal therapy. There were 26 respondents performed normal condition (86.7%) and 4 respondents performed mild depression (13.3%).Analyzis: Murottal therapy decreased the depression level on patients undergoing hemodialysis which showed by the T-test correlation with p-value 0.000 (<0.05).Conclusion: Murottal therapy decreased the depression levels of patients undergoing hemodialysisKeywords: Hemodialysis, depression, Murottal tehrapyLiterature: 60 (2005-2017)
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА
Authors: Бабаева Диана Раифовна , Атаева Вазипат хизриевна
Published: October 2018

Цель работы. Целью статьи является разработка комплекса практических мер по совершенствованию ГЧП как формы и метода международного инвестиционного сотрудничества России, обеспечивающего эффективную реализацию и коммерциализацию инвестиционных решений. Метод и методология проведения работы. Исследование основывается на общенаучной методологии, которая предусматривает применение системного подхода к решению проблем. Основой данной работы являются эмпирические наблюдения авторов за реальным состоянием международного сотрудничества, подкрепленные аналитическими обобщениями доступной информации. Результаты. Сформулированы методические основы реализации механизма государственной инвестиционной политики в сфере международного инвестиционного сотрудничества. Выявлены и обобщены современные проблемы организации международного инвестиционного сотрудничества. Систематизированы общеметодологические принципы механизма инвестиционной государственной политики России, учитывающие взаимодействие всех структурных элементов. Предложен комплекс практических мер, ориентированных на удовлетворение потребности экономики в капитальных вложениях в модернизацию материально-производственной базы отраслей национального хозяйства, в строительство высокотехнологичных промышленных объектов и определяющих объем, структуру и направления использования инвестиций. Решение проблемы выбора методов организации международного инвестиционного сотрудничества предложено рассматривать с учетом интересов как инвесторов, так и государства. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут использоваться при обосновании мер активизации международного инвестиционного сотрудничества. Выводы. Необходима модернизация методов организации международного инвестиционного сотрудничества с учетом интересов как инвесторов, так и государства.
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СОЛНЕЧНЫХ ТЕПЛОВЫХ УСТАНОВОК
Authors: Дибиров Магомед Гаджимагомедович , Амадзиева Наида Абдуллаевна , Дибирова Маржанат Магомедовна
Published: October 2018

Целью данной работы является разработка основ методики оценки эффективности солнечной тепловой установки. Методология проведения работы. Исследование основывается на общенаучной методологии, которая предусматривает применение системного подхода к решению рассматриваемой проблемы. Результаты. В статье представлена методика оценки эффективности солнечных тепловых установок, которые используются для отопления и горячего водоснабжения жилищно-коммунальных, сельскохозяйственных и промышленных зданий и сооружений, расположенных в благоприятных климатических условиях. Наиболее благоприятными для использования солнечной энергии регионами России является Северо-Кавказский федеральный округ. Годовое поступление солнечной энергии на горизонтальную поверхность в этих регионах колеблется от 1280 до 1870 кВт*ч на 1 кв. м в год, а продолжительность солнечного излучения составляет от 2000 до 3000 часов в год. Выполнен расчет эффективности солнечной установки для горячего водоснабжения и частичного отопления жилого дома, в которых использованы разработанные нами солнечные коллекторы. Благодаря широкому использованию полимерных материалов при изготовлении коллекторов и простой технологии изготовления, их стоимость не превышает 5000 руб./кв. м). Капитальные затраты на солнечные установки не превышают 9000 рублей на 1 кв. м, включая стоимость тепловых аккумуляторов, вспомогательного оборудования, монтажных и пуско-наладочных работ. Ежегодные эксплуатационные затраты практически отсутствуют. Поэтому срок окупаемости таких установок не превышает 3 года, а коэффициент замещения – не менее 40 %. Солнечные тепловые установки являются конкурентоспособными и могут обеспечить положительные экономические, социальные и экологические эффекты. Область применения. Проектирование и создание солнечных энергетических установок, комбинированных систем с солнечными тепловыми коллекторами, тепловыми насосами, тепловыми аккумуляторами, простых водонагревательных установок, предназначенных для горячего водоснабжения отопления жилых домов или других потребителей тепловой низкопотенциальной энергии. Развитие этих технологий необходимо для постепенного перехода к домам с полным теплообеспечением за счет возобновляемой солнечной энергии. Выводы. Расчеты экономической эффективности и результаты испытаний солнечных установок в Дагестане определили их высокую энергетическую и экономическую эффективность.
Otolith biometry of Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Southern Aegean Sea
Authors: BİLGE Gökçen
Published: October 2018

Otoliths are widely used in stomach content analysis in fisheries biology, other than age determination or ichthyo-archeological studies, because they have species specific morphological features. It is possible determine size and species of the prey fishes in the digestive system of the piscivorous aquatic predators. In this study, the relationships were calculated between sagittal otolith measurements (otolith length (OL), height (OH) and weight (OW)) and fish size (length (TL), weight (W)) in painted comber Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) specimens (N=763, 68–241 mm in TL and 3.66–228.72 g). Fish specimens captured via bottom trawl vessels from off the Güllük Bay (Southern Aegean Sea) between January and December 2013. Regression equations were calculated as follows: TL= 20.11*OL+40.28, TL= 44.07*OH+50.24, TL= 969.1*OW0.410, W= 1.212*OL2.194, W= 11.16*OH1.850, W= 5913*OW–12.22, OH= 0.218*OL+1.213, OW= 0.00045*OL1.843, OW= 0.002*OH1.672. Calculated regressions were displayed a high coefficient of determinations ranging between 0.822 - 0.892. Otolith length (R2= 0.890) is the best indicator of the prediction of the fish length by examining the regression coefficients for S. scriba.