bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El elefante en las acuñaciones hispanocartaginesas
Authors: Aledo Martínez José Luis
Published: October 2020

Uno de los temas más discutidos por la historiografía del mundo antiguo, tanto pasada como presente, es la influencia helenística en la ciudad norteafricana de Cartago. En particular, se ha generado un intenso debate en torno a la numismática de la familia Bárquida como una evidencia de que sus políticas eran una imitación de los reinos griegos del Mediterráneo oriental, entre otros aspectos por la inclusión del elefante en sus reversos. Por nuestra parte, a través de un análisis iconográfico del elefante en la numismática helenística valoraremos los elementos de continuidad y ruptura en el caso Bárquida, para matizar los prejuicios y mitos surgidos a partir de las corrientes historiográficas. Basándonos en ello, podemos hablar de una adaptación de la ideología del poder griega a los modelos púnicos de Occidente.

One of the most discussed topics in historiography of the ancient world, both past and present, is the Hellenistic influence in the North African city of Carthage. In particular, an intense debate has arisen around the numismatics of the Barcid family as evidence that their policies were an imitation of the Greek kingdoms of the Eastern Mediterranean, among other things because of the inclusion of the elephant in their reverses. For our part, through an iconographic analysis of the elephant in Hellenistic numismatics, we will assess the elements of continuity and rupture in the Barcid case to qualify the prejudices and myths that emerged from historiographic trends. Based on this, we can speak of an adaptation of the Greek ideology of power to the Punic models of the West.
La epigrafía votiva romana de Caldas de Montbui (Vallés Oriental, Barcelona) (ss. I-II d. C.). Un ejemplo de promoción de las élites provinciales de la tarraconensis en centros de aguas minero- medicinales
Authors: Sánchez Alguacil Jesús
Published: October 2020

En el presente artículo estudiamos en profundidad las inscripciones votivas de Caldas de Montbui. Para ello, nos vamos a centrar en el estudio epigráfico con una metodología basada en el registro material consultado de primera mano, las publicaciones científicas relacionadas con nuestra investigación y las fuentes primarias. Según la información recopilada, proponemos la importancia de la segunda mitad del siglo I d. C. e inicios del siglo II d. C. en la manifestación del hábito epigráfico, claro síntoma de una fase de popularidad con la presencia de personajes de las élites provinciales procedentes de ciudades como Barcino, Iluro o Tarraco. Con la investigación realizada, observamos la gran evolución e impulso que adquiere este enclave durante todo el siglo I d. C., siendo un aspecto determinante en este proceso el patrocinio imperial de Tiberio y la dinastía flavia.

In this paper we study the votive inscriptions of Caldas de Montbui in depth. To do this we focus, mainly, on epigraphic study following a methodology based on the material record personally consulted, the scientific publications linked to our research and the primary sources. According to the information gathered, we propose the importance of the second half of the 1st century AD and the beginning of the 2nd century AD in the manifestation of the epigraphic habit. It happens as a clear symptom regarding the popularity of relevant figures from provincial elites established in cities like Barcino, Iluro or Tarraco. Along with the research carried out, we observe the great evolution and impulse that this enclave acquires during the 1st century AD, being the imperial patronage of Tiberius a decisive aspect in this process, and later the Flavian dynasty.
La empatía como elemento para la adquisición del pensamiento histórico en alumnos de bachillerato. Un estudio de caso centrado en la Guerra Civil española y el franquismo
Authors: Molina Puche Sebastián , Salmerón Ayala Adrián
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de la adquisición de la empatía histórica, una de las dimensiones de las llamadas competencias históricas, por parte de un grupo de alumnos de 2.º de Bachillerato de un centro educativo de la Región de Murcia. A partir de la realización de un juego de rol evolutivo ambientado en la Guerra Civil y el Franquismo, se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo con metodología cualitativa a partir de los datos obtenidos de la aplicación de varios instrumentos (relatos elaborados por el alumnado y un cuestionario), que estaban orientados a evaluar el nivel de adquisición de esa dimensión del pensamiento histórico. En este caso, aunque los resultados avalan la eficacia del programa (el 75% de los alumnos alcanza un nivel medio o alto de comprensión empática), las implicaciones en la mejora del rendimiento académico del alumnado son relativas.

This paper focuses on the analysis of the acquisition of historical empathy, one of the dimensions of the so-called historical competences, by a group of students of 2nd Baccalaureate from an educational centre in the Region of Murcia. From the realization of an evolutionary role play set in the Civil War and Franco, a descriptive study has been carried out with qualitative methodology in which the data obtained in various instruments (stories prepared by students and one questionnaire), have been analysed to try to assess the level of acquisition of that dimension of historical thinking. In this case, although the results endorse the effectiveness of the program (75% of students reach a medium or high level of empathic understanding), they also denote that the implications for improving student academic performance are relative.
Fuentes orales para el desarrollo de la empatía histórica: un estudio en la formación del profesorado de Educación Infantil
Authors: Carril-Merino María Teresa , Andreu-Mediero Beatriz , De la Calle-Carracedo Mercedes , López-Torres Esther
Published: October 2020

Se presenta un estudio realizado en la Universidad de Valladolid con alumnado del Grado en Educación Infantil, que tiene como objetivo analizar los niveles de empatía histórica, tanto en su dimensión cognitiva como en la afectivo-emocional, a partir del trabajo con fuentes orales. Se diseña un modelo de investigación que, desde un paradigma metodológico cualitativo, y utilizando el software ATLAS.ti, se centra en el análisis de narrativas de estudiantes elaboradas en un ejercicio de empatía histórica, planteado a partir del trabajo con testimonios de dos emigrantes canarias que pasaron algunos años de su infancia y adolescencia en el Sáhara Español. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que el trabajo del alumnado con fuentes orales optimiza explicaciones contextualizadas por empatía histórica.

This paper presents a study carried out at the University of Valladolid (Spain) with students enrolled in the Early Childhood Education Bachelor’s Degree. Historical empathy levels are examined, both in their cognitive and affective-emotional dimensions, in connection with the use of oral sources. A research model based on the qualitative methodological paradigm has been designed, and the ATLAS.ti software has been used to analyze narratives created by students after an intervention in order to foster historical empathy. The intervention focused on the examination of testimonies provided by two Canarian emigrants who spent a few years of their childhood and adolescence in the Spanish Sahara. The results show that the students' work with oral sources can optimize contextualized explanations mediated by historical empathy.
The instructional theory framework appears lost. Isn’t it time we find it again?
Authors: Reigeluth Charles M. , Honebein Peter
Published: October 2020

La mayoría de los investigadores que diseñan experiencias innovadoras de aprendizaje digital y luego realizan investigaciones que investigan la utilidad de esas experiencias de aprendizaje, no aplican completamente la teoría de la instrucción (Reigeluth, 1983, 1999; Reigeluth y Carr-Chellman, 2009a) como la base de sus diseños y El foco de su investigación. Esta elección impacta negativamente el juicio de diseño de los investigadores (Boling, et al.2017) y su credibilidad como garantes del diseño (Stolterman y Nelson, 2000). Esto finalmente conduce a barreras de difusión cuando se difunden sus innovaciones de aprendizaje digital. El propósito de este documento es ayudar a los investigadores y diseñadores de experiencias de aprendizaje a superar estas barreras de difusión al adoptar la teoría de la instrucción como base para sus diseños y utilizar seis principios para realizar investigaciones alineadas con la teoría de la instrucción: 1) Conocer los sistemas complejos cualitativamente, 2) Valor los fundamentos del diseño del tratamiento, 3) Practique una consideración imparcial de los métodos de instrucción, 4) Respete el triángulo de hierro del diseño de instrucción, 5) Distinga entre métodos y medios, y 6) Conozca su teoría de diseño de instrucción personal.

Most researchers who design innovative digital learning experiences, and then conduct research that investigates the usefulness of those learning experiences, fail to fully apply instructional theory (Reigeluth, 1983, 1999; Reigeluth & Carr-Chellman, 2009a) as the foundation of their designs and the focus of their research. This choice negatively impacts researchers’ design judgment (Boling, et al. 2017) and their credibility as the guarantor of design (Stolterman & Nelson, 2000). This ultimately leads to diffusion barriers when disseminating their digital learning innovations. The purpose of this paper is to help researchers and learning-experience designers overcome these diffusion barriers by embracing instructional theory as the foundation for their designs and using six principles for conducting research aligned with instructional theory: 1) Know complex systems qualitatively, 2) Value the treatment design fundamentals, 3) Practice unbiased consideration of instructional methods, 4) Respect the instructional design iron triangle, 5) Differentiate between methods and media, and 6) Know your personal instructional design theory.
Episemantics: Aboutness as Aroundness
Authors: Hauser Elliott , Tennis Joseph
Published: October 2020

Aboutness ranks amongst our field’s greatest bugbears. What is a work about? How can this be known? This mirrors debates within the philosophy of language, where the concept of representation has similarly evaded satisfactory definition. This paper proposes that we abandon the strong sense of the word aboutness, which seems to promise some inherent relationship between work and subject, or between word and world. Instead, we seek an etymological reset to the sense of aboutness of “in the vicinity, nearby; in some place or various places nearby; all over a surface.” To distinguish this sense, we introduce the term episemantics. The authors have each independently applied this term in slightly different contexts and scales (Hauser 2018a; J. T. Tennis 2016), and this article presents a unified definition of the term and guidelines for applying it at the scale of both words and works. The resulting weak concept of aboutness is pragmatic, in Star’s sense of a focus on consequences over antecedents, while reserving space for the critique and improvement of aboutness determinations within various contexts and research programs. The paper finishes with a discussion of the implication of the concept of episemantics and methodological possibilities it offers for knowledge organization research and practice.
Cultural Biases in Knowledge Organization Systems: A Discussion Regarding International University Rankings
Authors: Augusto Chaves Guimarães José , Campbell D.  Grant , Milani Suellen Oliveira , Holland Helber
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to: 1. present university rankings as knowledge organization systems; 2. compare the structures from the following rankings: Times, QS, Shangai, and Linden; and 3. point out cultural biases which permeate these university rankings.
Topic Modeling and Facet Analysis of an Emerging Domain: Research Data Management and Data Curation
Authors: Sandy Heather Moulaison , Froehlich Heather , Hudson-Vitale Cynthia , Adkins Denice
Published: October 2020

Research data management (RDM) is often seen as the overarching field that permits research data to be managed, and is related to the field of data curation (DC), a subset of digital curation. Together, RDM and DC (RDM/DC) allow information professionals to work with clients and each other to make data available in support of the research enterprise. An emerging area of scholarly communication, RDM/DC represents a rich area of study from the perspective of knowledge organization (KO). This paper explores the following research question: What can facet analysis tell us about the emerging field of RDM/DC? First, the MAchine Learning for LanguagE Toolkit (MALLET) implementation of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is used for topic modelling of abstracts of the RDM/DC scholarly literature. A preliminary analysis of this empirical data by the research team yields a number of topics and, when possible, their relevant aspects or contexts. Facet analysis principles are next applied to these results, producing four general facets: Practice, Stakeholders, Resources, and Study of RDM/DC; however, complex notions infused throughout the field such as “services” and “metadata” do not appear outright in the analysis. Each facet is then further explored through logical division, and the resulting system is encoded in Protégé and visualized using WebVOWL. We conclude that the major areas of emphasis in this data-intensive field will be fundamentally of interest to those in LIS, in scholarly communication, and perhaps increasingly, in KO and other fields that manage and make available data of all kinds.
Representing Aboutness: Automatically Indexing 19th- Century Encyclopedia Britannica Entries
Authors: Grabus Sam , Greenberg Jane , Logan Peter , Boone Jane
Published: October 2020

Representing aboutness is a challenge for humanities documents, given the linguistic indeterminacy of the text. The challenge is even greater when applying automatic indexing to historical documents for a multidisciplinary collection, such as encyclopedias. The research presented in this paper explores this challenge with an automatic indexing comparative study examining topic relevance. The setting is the NEH-funded 19th-Century Knowledge Project, where researchers in the Digital Scholarship Center, Temple University, and the Metadata Research Center, Drexel University, are investigating the best way to index entries across four historical editions of the Encyclopedia Britannica (3rd, 7th, 9th, and 11th editions). Individual encyclopedia entry entries were processed using the Helping Interdisciplinary Vocabulary Engineering (HIVE) system, a linked-data, automatic indexing terminology application that uses controlled vocabularies. Comparative topic relevance evaluation was performed for three separate keyword extraction algorithms: RAKE, Maui, and Kea++. Results show that RAKE performed the best, with an average of 67% precision for RAKE, and 28% precision for both Maui and Kea++. Additionally, the highest-ranked HIVE results with both RAKE and Kea++ demonstrated relevance across all sample entries, while Maui’s highest-ranked results returned zero relevant terms. This paper reports on background information, research objectives and methods, results, and future research prospects for further optimization of RAKE’s algorithm parameters to accommodate for encyclopedia entries of different lengths, and evaluating the indexing impact of correcting the historical Long S.
Intellection and Intuition: On the Epistemology of S.R. Ranganathan
Authors: Dousa Thomas M.
Published: October 2020

The Indian librarian and library theorist S.R. Ranganathan (1892-1970) is generally recognized as a seminal figure in the development of facet analysis and its application to classification theory. In recent years, commentators on the epistemology of knowledge organization have claimed that the methods of facet analysis reflect a fundamentally rationalist approach to classification. Yet, for all the interest in the epistemological bases of Ranganathan’s classification theory, little attention has been paid to his theory of how human beings acquire knowledge of the world – i.e., his epistemology proper – or to the question whether this theory reflects a rationalist outlook. This paper examines Ranganathan’s statements on the origins of knowledge to assess if they are congruent with rationalist epistemology. Ranganathan recognized two different modes of knowledge – intellection (i.e., intellectual operations on sense data) and intuition (i.e., direct cognition of things-in-themselves) -- and it is in virtue of the latter that his epistemology can be considered to fall within the ambit of rationalism. Intuition as a source of knowledge plays a role in Ranganathan’s classification theory, most notably in his model of scientific method underlying classification development, his vision of the organization of classification design, and his conceptualization of seminal mnemonics and a reduced number of fundamental categories as important elements in the design of classification notation. Not only does intuition subtend the rationalism of Ranganathan’s epistemology but it also serves as a bridge to another often-neglected aspect of his thought, namely his valorization of mysticism. Indeed, Ranganathan’s theory of knowledge is best characterized as mystical rationalism
Cerebral Embolism Beyond Atrial Fibrillation: Interatrial Block
Authors: Martínez-Sellés Helena , Ayesta Ana , Martínez-Sellés Manuel
Published: October 2020

This paper is devoted to conditions that imply a risk for cerebral embolism beyond atrial fibrillation (AF). We focus on advanced interatrial block (IAB) and its relationship with stroke in elderly patients with no documented arrhythmias. Advanced IAB is manifested in the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) as a P-wave duration >120 ms plus biphasic morphology (positive and negative deflection) in leads II, III, and aVF. Several data suggest that AF is not necessarily the leading cause of stroke, but rather a risk factor. In fact, a high stroke risk has been described even in the absence of AF in patients with high CHA2DS2VASc-score (Congestive Heart failure, hypertension, Age ≥75 years [doubled], Diabetes, Stroke [doubled], Vascular disease, Age 65-74 years, Sex category [female sex]). Moreover, excessive atrial ectopy and short atrial runs also increase stroke risk. Some of the previously mentioned stroke risk factors in patients without documented arrhythmias might be combined to determine thrombotic risk. That risk is particularly high in elderly patients with advanced IAB, structural heart disease, CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥3, and frequent ambient atrial arrhythmias. Systematic screening for advanced IAB in elderly patients can be performed with a simple surface ECG. Advanced IAB is a risk marker of stroke.
Quelle démarche de recherche pour favoriser la conceptualisation du « plan de coupe du cuir » chez des selliers-formateurs ?
Authors: Body Géraldine
Published: October 2020

Dans le cadre d’une recherche ancrée dans le champ de la didactique professionnelle visant la conception de vidéos pour la formation des selliers, nous mobilisons une démarche itérative et collaborative d’analyse avec les professionnels. Nous comparons les effets produits lors d’un débat entre experts, débat animé par la chercheure, tantôt à partir de la confrontation aux traces vidéos de l’activité, tantôt à partir du schéma intermédiaire d’une structure conceptuelle de la situation. Nous montrons à l’aide des critères d’analyse du trilogue argumentatif comment ces méthodologies favorisent l’expression des conceptualisations des professionnels selon qu’ils soient confrontés aux images ou aux conceptualisations de la chercheure.
De l’analyse du travail sensoriel lors de prises de décision clinique au co-design d’un scénario de simulation
Authors: Grosjean Sylvie , Bonneville Luc
Published: October 2020

La dimension sensorielle de la prise de décision clinique pose tout un défi pour la formation des professionnels de la santé. Par conséquent, comment stimuler chez eux une forme d’acuité sensorielle ? Nous avons mené une recherche en partenariat avec le laboratoire de simulation d’un hôpital canadien afin de comprendre le travail sensoriel effectué par des infirmières lors d’une prise de décision clinique. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé les interactions se déroulant lors des groupes de discussion afin de révéler le travail sensoriel accompli par les infirmières lors de l’évaluation clinique de patients fictifs (personas).
La surveillance du maître-nageur sauveteur, une activité qui s’apprend ?
Authors: Depluvrez Yves , Pirard Florence
Published: October 2020

Notre recherche étudie l’accompagnement réflexif d’un maître-nageur sauveteur novice et son impact sur son activité de surveillance. Le dispositif de vidéoformation mis en place dans l’étude comporte trois temps : (1)immersion avec une caméra 360°, (2)exploitation d’une plateforme en ligne, (3)surveillance en piscine. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous nous centrons sur le troisième temps de formation au travers de l’analyse d’un cas en tentant d’identifier dans quelles conditions et de quelle manière un accompagnement réflexif permet au formé de se réguler afin d’être plus efficace lors de son activité de surveillance.
De l’observation des enfants à l’analyse interactionnelle : contributions de la recherche à la formation continue des éducateurs et éducatrices de l’enfance
Authors: Zogmal Marianne , Durand Isabelle
Published: October 2020

Cette contribution présente un dispositif de formation continue dans le champ de l’éducation de l’enfance. Une des spécificités de ce type de métiers réside dans les compétences des professionnel.le.s à donner un rôle central à l’observation fine des situations, afin d’ajuster leurs modalités d’actions. Comment un tel travail d’observation peut-il se développer, s’enrichir et se transformer ? Afin de soutenir la co-construction d’un regard analytique portant sur les phénomènes observables dans le déroulement des interactions, une démarche de recherche-intervention met en oeuvre un processus participatif. Elle s’intéresse aux apports d’une perspective interactionnelle pour favoriser la construction d’une telle posture analytique.
La “arqueología” de la sustentabilidad en la concepción del patrimonio cultural
Authors: Cantar Nahir M. , Endere María Luz , Zulaica María Laura
Published: October 2020

In recent years, the incorporation of the sustainability discourse in the field of cultural heritage has marked the agenda of international organizations. However, the link between sustainability and heritage has progressed through different stages that reflect the evolution of both concepts, as being permeated by concerns about environment and economic and social development. Based on the analysis of the UNESCO and ICOMOS documents, six stages were identified between 1960 and the present day, culminating in the incorporation of culture and heritage into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2030. The application of new heritage management models suggested in the documents analyzed is, in practice, not easy to contrast. However, their implementation poses a real challenge to the heritage issue in terms of aligning with the SDGs.
Tanatologiens poetikk
Authors: Blaszczyk-Podowska Jadwiga
Published: October 2020

Essayet har vært en måte å tolke mitt skapende arbeid på. Jeg tar utgangspunkt i egen kunstnerisk praksis, dvs. kunstnerisk utviklingsarbeid, og en fotografiserie med tittelen The Poetics of Thanatology. Teksten reflekterer over, og undersøker temaer som potensielt berøres gjennom fotografienes visuelle språk og den skapende prosessen. Jeg utforsker hvilke forbindelser som finnes mellom en hendelse i barndommen min, døden og fotografiet. Den antroposentriske tilnærmingen til virkeligheten sitter dypt i vår kultur og har skapt hierarkiske relasjoner - Vi og De andre. Gjennom stilleben-fotografi av døde planter og insekter undersøker jeg menneskets opplevelse av empati i forhold til ikke-menneskelige organismer. Jeg ser på mitt praktiske arbeid i fotostudio som et rom for kritisk refleksjon og som uerstattelige, meningsfulle og langsomme, sansende erfaringer. Disse erfaringene har utfordret min og mine kunststudenters antroposentriske tilnærming til verden.
Enigmatic epistemic things
Authors: Solberg Anne
Published: October 2020

The aim of this article is to discuss epistemology, focusing on the epistemic role of artwork in research projects. Porcelaneous is the initial phase of a three-year artistic research project with an artistic component comprising the making of porcelain boards. The  porcelain boards and the making process in this initial phase are used as examples from practice. At the core of the epistemological discussion is Hans-Jörg Rheinberger’s theory on experimental systems and epistemic things. Rheinberger advocates for an objective and practice-oriented approach rather than a theoretical approach to experimental research. In his setting, epistemic things are material. This article has concluded that Rheinberger’s theory is about attitudes rather than research methods and that this attitude to epistemological questions is relevant for artistic research.
Narrativ strategi
Authors: Baskår Ellen Kathrine
Published: October 2020

Faget kunst og håndverk har en lang tradisjon i norsk lærerutdanning og bygger på ulike målformuleringer, teoretiske forankringer og metodiske tilnærminger. I denne artikkelen vil jeg både rette oppmerksomheten på faget og på undervisningen i en nett- og samlingsbasert studieform. Jeg analyserer et empirisk materiale fra to gjennomførte undervisningsforløp med lærerstudenter i valgfaget kunst og håndverk innenfor en nett- og samlingsbasert studiemodell i lærerutdanningen. Det empiriske materialet bygger på observasjonsnotater fra et undervisningsforløp hvor narrativ strategi danner grunnlaget for aksjonsforskning. I analyse av datamaterialet anvender jeg, Jerome Bruner sitt prinsipp om spirallæring og Albert Bandura sin teori om modellæring som stedfortredende forsterkning.
Response of Zero Tillage Technique on Wheat Production in the Middle Indo-Gangetic Plains of Nalanda (Bihar)
Authors: Singh V. K. , Pandey Abhishek , Deshpande V. Y. , Shivarudrappa B.
Published: October 2020

The present study was undertaken to compare the response of zero tillage method and conventional method on wheat production with respect to various growth, yield and economic parameters in the middle Indo-Gangetic Plains of Nalanda district of Bihar. The study was conducted during Rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19. Fourteen farmers were selected for the study, 7 of whom sowed with zero tillage machine and 7 followed broadcasting method. Four observation from each plot were taken, therefore, total 56 observations were taken for both the methods. Results showed that higher mean plant height was recorded by Zero Tillage (ZT) method (83.07±128 cm) followed by broadcasting method (79.57±187 cm) that shows significant difference. Significantly mean higher no. of tillers per square meters was recorded by ZT method (556.57±21.28) as compared to broadcasting method (501.07±13.48). Mean spike length was significantly higher in case of ZT method (11.96±0.53 cm) compared to broadcasting method (11.03±0.22 cm). Significantly higher mean no. of grains per spike was recorded in ZT method (45.42±0.93) compared to broadcasting method (42.46±1.03). Significantly higher mean 1000- grain weight (g) were recorded in ZT method (42.07±0.61) compared to broadcasting method (40.03±0.67). Highly significant difference was recorded in grain yield (tonnes/ha) between ZT (3.82±0.03) and broadcasting method (3.68±0.04). Also, there were highly significant difference recorded in all the economic parameters between ZT and broadcast method. Cost of cultivation (Rs. /ha), gross monetary return (Rs. /ha), net monetary return (Rs. /ha) and BCR for ZT method are 37564±289, 70657±620, 33093±677 and 1.88±0.02. Corresponding values for broadcasting method are 40427±256, 68087±728, 27659±759 and 1.68±0.02. From the two years on farm research study it is concluded that the Zero tillage method of wheat cultivation is cost saving, more remunerative with timely sowing and helpful for areas where burning of paddy straw after paddy harvesting is widely prevalent. This method can be promoted among the farmers in Bihar and other middle Indo- Gangetic Plain regions for large scale adoption.
Multiple H‐Bonding Chain Extender‐Based Ultrastiff Thermoplastic Polyurethanes with Autonomous Self‐Healability, Solvent‐Free Adhesiveness, and AIE Fluorescence
Authors: Yao Yuan , Xu Ziyang , Liu Bo , Xiao Meng , Yang Jianhai , Liu Wenguang
Published: October 2020

Developing an autonomous room temperature self‐healing supramolecular polyurethane (PU) with toughness and stiffness remains a great challenge. Herein, a novel concept that utilizes a T‐shaped chain extender with double amide hydrogen bonds in a side chain to extend PU prepolymers to construct highly stiff and tough supramolecular PU with integrated functions is reported. Mobile side‐chain H‐bonds afford a large flexibility to modulate the stiffness of the PUs ranging from highly stiff and tough elastomer (105.87 MPa Young's modulus, 27 kJ m−2tearing energy), to solvent‐free hot‐melt adhesive, and coating. The dynamic side‐chain multiple H‐bonds afford an autonomous self‐healability at room temperature (25 °C). Due to the rapid reconstruction of hydrogen bonds, this PU adhesive demonstrates a high adhesion strength, fast curing, reusability, long‐term adhesion, and excellent low‐temperature resistance. Intriguingly, the PU emits intrinsic blue fluorescence presumably owing to the aggregation‐induced emission of tertiary amine domains induced by side‐chain H‐bonds. The PU is explored as a counterfeit ink coated on the predesigned pattern, which is visible‐light invisible and UV‐light visible. This work represents a universal and facile approach to fabricate supertough supramolecular PU with tailorable functions by chain extension of PU prepolymers with multiple H‐bonding chain extenders.
High‐Performance Flexible Bismuth Telluride Thin Film from Solution Processed Colloidal Nanoplates
Authors: Hollar Courtney , Lin Zhaoyang , Kongara Madhusudan , Varghese Tony , Karthik Chinnathambi , Schimpf Jesse , Eixenberger Josh , Davis Paul H. , Wu Yaqiao , Duan Xiangfeng , Zhang Yanliang , Estrada David
Published: October 2020

Thermoelectric generators are an environmentally friendly and reliable solid‐state energy conversion technology. Flexible and low‐cost thermoelectric generators are especially suited to power flexible electronics and sensors using body heat or other ambient heat sources. Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) based thermoelectric materials exhibit their best performance near room temperature making them an ideal candidate to power wearable electronics and sensors using body heat. In this report, Bi2Te3 thin films are deposited on a flexible polyimide substrate using low‐cost and scalable manufacturing methods. The synthesized Bi2Te3 nanocrystals have a thickness of 35 ± 15 nm and a lateral dimension of 692 ± 186 nm. Thin films fabricated from these nanocrystals exhibit a peak power factor of 0.35 mW m−1·K−2 at 433 K, which is among the highest reported values for flexible thermoelectric films. In order to evaluate the flexibility of the thin films, static and dynamic bending tests are performed while monitoring the change in electrical resistivity. After 1000 bending cycles over a 50 mm radius of curvature, the change in electrical resistance of the film is 23%. Using Bi2Te3 solutions, the ability to print thermoelectric thin films with an aerosol jet printer is demonstrated, highlighting the potential of additive manufacturing techniques for fabricating flexible thermoelectric generators.
Smart Fully Integrated Lab: A Smartphone‐Based Compact Miniaturized Analytical/Diagnostic Device
Authors: Golmohammadi Hamed , Hamzei Zohre , Hosseinifard Mohammad , Ahmadi Seyyed Hamid
Published: October 2020

Despite the significant advancements in smartphone technology in Healthcare/Analytics 4.0 era, a substantial gap has still remained in moving smartphone‐based analytical/diagnostic devices (SADs) from purely analyzing systems toward smart fully integrated systems/devices that can perform all the different steps of (bio)analytical/diagnostic procedures thoroughly and with high efficiency. Here, the first smart, portable, and compact miniaturized analytical/diagnostic device is presented that integrates the main steps of (bio)analytical/diagnostic procedures, including mixing, separating/centrifuging, analyzing, and microscopy, also the Internet of Things concept onto a platform that entirely operates using smartphone. The potential applicability of the developed smart fully integrated lab (SFIL) is demonstrated for early point‐of‐care (POC) diagnosis and continuous therapy monitoring of phenylketonuria, POC testing of glucose, hematocrit, and albumin, and also diagnosis of tuberculosis. It is proved that the fabricated SFIL is amenable for clinical applications at the POC since its results are in good agreement with the results of the clinical reference methods. Given the advantageous capabilities of the developed SFIL as an efficient, easy‐to‐use, smart, cost‐effective, and portable compact miniaturized SAD, it is believed that it can revolutionize the current smartphone‐based analytical/diagnostic systems and be widely exploited at sites far from centralized laboratory facilities, resource‐limited settings, POC applications, and routine clinical/chemical laboratories.
Octylamine‐Modified Fluorographenes as a Versatile Platform for the Efficient Engineering of the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Fluorinated Graphenes
Authors: Stathis Aristeidis , Stavrou Michalis , Papadakis Ioannis , Bakandritsos Aristides , Steklý Tomáš , Otyepka Michal , Couris Stelios
Published: October 2020

Fluorographene (FG) is an uprising member of the graphene family as it combines high reactivity and stability. It presents various types of CF bonds (covalent, semi‐ionic, and ionic bonds) depending on its F‐atom content, which can be efficiently controlled by means of chemical synthesis. It is found that the chemical tweaking of the FG's structure may lead to derivatives such as amino‐ and thiol‐modified FGs, affecting significantly their nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Herein, the identification of N‐octylamine (OA) as the most efficient nucleophile is reported on, which ascribes to the obtained FG–OA derivatives exceptionally high N content (up to 18%) along with a record NLO response under 35 ps laser pulses, both in the visible and the infrared. As the reaction time between FG and OA proceeds, the F content declines at the expense of the growing aromatic regions and nitrogen centers, resulting in FG–OA materials with progressively improved NLO response. Therefore, OA functionalization of FG is particularly effective for switching “ON” an unprecedented NLO response on this organophilic graphene derivative. Herein, the potential of fluorinated graphene as a versatile scaffold is also demonstrated, allowing the preparation of materials with custom‐made NLO response.
Heterojunction Channels in Oxide Semiconductors for Visible‐Blind Nonvolatile Optoelectronic Memories
Authors: Tai Mao‐Chou , Wang Yu‐Xuan , Chang Ting‐Chang , Lin Chih‐Chih , Tu Yu‐Fa , Hung Yang‐Hao , Ciou Fong‐Min , Lin Yu‐Shan , Sze Simon
Published: October 2020

Optoelectronic memory whose digital signals depend on electrical as well as optical sources have attracted tremendous attention recently due to their potential in applications, including optical communication systems, neural networks, and image correlation systems. In this work, metal‐oxide semiconductors for use as optical memory devices are accomplished through a heterojunction channel layer which acts as a quantum confinement architecture confining electrons to the front channel. Compared to conventional memories, which rely on electron injections that cause hot electron degradation, the proposed device is based on a floating body effect. After irradiation, photo‐excited carriers are separated under a lateral electrical field, and generated holes are left in the back channel, which facilitates data storage behavior. Beneficial characteristics include a memory window (≈4.6 V), a high on/off ratio (≈106), and low operating voltage (<20 V). Furthermore, photo‐excited carriers are only generated when irradiated by ultraviolet light, leading to a visible‐blind optical memory. A retention of more than 10 years and endurance cycle of more than 1000 cycles demonstrate its nonvolatile behaviors. This work provides a novel heterojunction channel layer architecture in disordered oxide semiconductors and provides a novel idea for a wide range of unipolar materials in future optoelectronic memory devices.
Functional insights from biophysical study of TREM2 interactions with apoE and Aβ1‐42
Authors: Kober Daniel L. , Stuchell‐Brereton Melissa D. , Kluender Colin E. , Dean Hunter B. , Strickland Michael R. , Steinberg Deborah F. , Nelson Samantha S. , Baban Berevan , Holtzman David M. , Frieden Carl , Alexander‐Brett Jennifer , Roberson Erik D. , Song Yuhua , Brett Tom J.
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐2 (TREM2) is an immune receptor expressed on microglia that also can become soluble (sTREM2). How TREM2 engages different ligands remains poorly understood.

Methods

We used comprehensive biolayer interferometry (BLI) analysis to investigate TREM2 and sTREM2 interactions with apolipoprotein E (apoE) and monomeric amyloid beta (Aβ) (mAβ42).

Results

TREM2 engagement of apoE was protein mediated with little effect of lipidation, showing slight affinity differences between isoforms (E4 > E3 > E2). Another family member, TREML2, did not bind apoE. Disease‐linked TREM2 variants within a “basic patch” minimally impact apoE binding. Instead, TREM2 uses a unique hydrophobic surface to bind apoE, which requires the apoE hinge region. TREM2 and sTREM2 directly bind mAβ42 and potently inhibit Aβ42 polymerization, suggesting a potential role for soluble sTREM2 in preventing AD pathogenesis.

Discussion

These findings demonstrate that TREM2 has at least two ligand‐binding surfaces that might be therapeutic targets and uncovers a potential function for sTREM2 in directly inhibiting Aβ polymerization.
Blood polyunsaturated omega‐3 fatty acids, brain atrophy, cognitive decline, and dementia risk
Authors: Thomas Aline , Baillet Marion , Proust‐Lima Cécile , Féart Catherine , Foubert‐Samier Alexandra , Helmer Catherine , Catheline Gwénaëlle , Samieri Cécilia
Published: October 2020

Introduction

We searched for consistent associations of an omega‐3 index in plasma (sum of eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) with several dementia‐related outcomes in a large cohort of older adults.

Methods

We included 1279 participants from the Three‐City study, non‐demented at the time of blood measurements at baseline, with face‐to‐face neuropsychological assessment and systematic detection of incident dementia over a 17‐year follow‐up. An ancillary study included 467 participants with up to three repeated brain imaging exams over 10 years.

Results

In multivariable models, higher levels of plasma EPA+DHA were consistently associated with a lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio for 1 standard deviation = 0.87 [95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.98]), and a lower decline in global cognition (P = .04 for change over time), memory (P = .06), and medial temporal lobe volume (P = .02).

Discussion

This prospective study provides compelling evidence for a relationship between long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids levels and lower risks for dementia and related outcomes.
Role of B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
Authors: Comi Giancarlo , Bar‐Or Amit , Lassmann Hans , Uccelli Antonio , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Montalban Xavier , Sørensen Per Solberg , Hohlfeld Reinhard , Hauser Stephen L. ,   Expert Panel of the 27th Annual Meeting of the European Charcot Foundation
Published: October 2020

The success of clinical trials of selective B‐cell depletion in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) and primary progressive MS has led to a conceptual shift in the understanding of MS pathogenesis, away from the classical model in which T cells were the sole central actors and toward a more complex paradigm with B cells having an essential role in both the inflammatory and neurodegenerative components of the disease process. The role of B cells in MS was selected as the topic of the 27th Annual Meeting of the European Charcot Foundation. Results of the meeting are presented in this concise review, which recaps current concepts underlying the biology and therapeutic rationale behind B‐cell–directed therapeutics in MS, and proposes strategies to optimize the use of existing anti–B‐cell treatments and provide future directions for research in this area. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:13–23
Synergistic Interplay of Covalent and Non‐Covalent Interactions in Reactive Polymer Nanoassembly Facilitates Intracellular Delivery of Antibodies
Authors: Dutta Kingshuk , Kanjilal Pintu , Das Ritam , Thayumanavan Sankaran
Published: October 2020

The primary impediments in developing large antibodies as drugs against intracellular targets involve their low transfection efficiency and suitable reversible encapsulation strategies for intracellular delivery with retention of biological activity. To address this, we outline an electrostatics‐enhanced covalent self‐assembly strategy to generate polymer‐protein/antibody nanoassemblies. Through structure–activity studies, we down‐select the best performing self‐immolative pentafluorophenyl containing activated carbonate polymer for bioconjugation. With the help of an electrostatics‐aided covalent self‐assembly approach, we demonstrate efficient encapsulation of medium to large proteins (HRP, 44 kDa and β‐gal, 465 kDa) and antibodies (ca. 150 kDa). The designed polymeric nanoassemblies are shown to successfully traffic functional antibodies (anti‐NPC and anti‐pAkt) to cytosol to elicit their bioactivity towards binding intracellular protein epitopes and inducing apoptosis.
Potentialabhängige Morphologie von Kupferkatalysatoren während der Elektroreduktion von CO2, ermittelt durch In‐situ‐Rasterkraftmikroskopie
Authors: Simon Georg H. , Kley Christopher S. , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz
Published: October 2020

Eine effiziente Charakterisierung der Katalysatoren im Realraum und unter realistischen Bedingungen der elektrochemischen CO2‐Reduktion (CO2RR) gelang durch elektrochemische AFM. Die Entwicklung von Strukturmerkmalen konnte von der Mikrometer‐ bis hin zur atomaren Skala aufgelöst werden. Auf einer Cu(100)‐Modelloberfläche treten während der CO2RR in 0,1 m KHCO3 ausgeprägte nanoskalige Oberflächenmorphologien auf, wobei sich granulare Strukturen potentialabhängig in glatt geschwungene Berg‐und‐Tal‐Oberflächen oder rechteckige Terrassenstrukturen umwandeln. Mit stärker negativem Potential steigt die Dichte der unterkoordinierten Cu‐Zentren während der CO2RR. Durch atomar aufgelöste In‐situ‐Bildgebung wird bei bestimmten kathodischen Potentialen spezifische Adsorption nachgewiesen, die die Katalysatorstruktur beeinflusst. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die komplexen Abhängigkeiten zwischen Morphologie, Struktur, Defektdichte, angelegtem Potential und Elektrolyt bei Kupfer‐CO2RR‐Katalysatoren.
X‐Ray Crystallographic Analysis of NifB with a Full Complement of Clusters: Structural Insights into the Radical SAM‐Dependent Carbide Insertion During Nitrogenase Cofactor Assembly
Authors: Kang Wonchull , Rettberg Lee A. , Stiebritz Martin T. , Jasniewski Andrew J. , Tanifuji Kazuki , Lee Chi Chung , Ribbe Markus W. , Hu Yilin
Published: October 2020

NifB is an essential radical SAM enzyme required for the assembly of an 8Fe core of the nitrogenase cofactor. Herein, we report the X‐ray crystal structures of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum NifB without (apo MtNifB) and with (holo MtNifB) a full complement of three [Fe4S4] clusters. Both apo and holo MtNifB contain a partial TIM barrel core, but unlike apo MtNifB, holo MtNifB is fully assembled and competent in cofactor biosynthesis. The radical SAM (RS)‐cluster is coordinated by three Cys, and the adjacent K1‐ and K2‐clusters, representing the precursor to an 8Fe cofactor core, are each coordinated by one His and two Cys. Prediction of substrate channels, combined with in silico docking of SAM in holo MtNifB, suggests the binding of SAM between the RS‐ and K2‐clusters and putative paths for entry of SAM and exit of products of SAM cleavage, thereby providing important mechanistic insights into the radical SAM‐dependent carbide insertion concomitant with cofactor core formation.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Heteroleptic Ga‐P‐C Allyl Cation Analogues
Authors: Li Bin , Wölper Christoph , Haberhauer Gebhard , Schulz Stephan
Published: October 2020

Oxidative addition of cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene‐coordinated phosphinidenes (MecAAC)PX to LGa affords gallium‐coordinated phosphinidenes LGa(X)‐P(MecAAC) (L=HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3)]2; X=Cl 1, Br 2), which react with NaBArF4 and LiAl(ORF)4 to [LGaP(MecAAC)][An] (An=B(C6H3(CF3)2)4 3, B(C6F5)4 4, Al(OC(CF3)3)4 5). The cations in 3–5 show substantial Ga−P double bond character and represent heteronuclear analogues of allyl cations according to quantum chemical calculations. The reaction of 4 with 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (dmap) to adduct 6 confirms the strong electrophilic nature of the gallium center, whereas 5 reacts with ethyl isocyanate with C−C bond formation to the γ‐C atom of the β‐diketiminate ligand and formation of compound 7.
Does Selectivity of Molecular Catalysts Change with Time? Polymerization Imaged by Single‐Molecule Spectroscopy
Authors: Garcia Antonio , Saluga Shannon J. , Dibble David J. , López Pía A. , Saito Nozomi , Blum Suzanne A.
Published: October 2020

The chemoselectivity of molecular catalysts underpins much of modern synthetic organic chemistry. However, little is known about the selectivity of individual catalysts because this single‐catalyst‐level behavior is hidden by the bulk catalytic behavior. Here, for the first time, the selectivity of individual molecular catalysts for two different reactions is imaged in real time at the single‐catalyst level. This imaging is achieved through fluorescence microscopy paired with spectral probes that produce a snapshot of the instantaneous chemoselectivity of a single catalyst for either a single‐chain‐elongation or a single‐chain‐termination event during ruthenium‐catalyzed polymerization. Superresolution imaging of multiple selectivity events, each at a different single‐molecular ruthenium catalyst, indicates that catalyst selectivity may be unexpectedly spatially and time‐variable.
Tethering Flexible Polymers to Crystalline Porous Materials: A Win–Win Hybridization Approach
Authors: Jin Fazheng , Liu Jinjin , Chen Yao , Zhang Zhenjie
Published: October 2020

Crystalline porous materials (CPMs) have been widely studied over the past few decades due to their well‐defined, customizable, and porous structures. However, the limited stability and machinability restrict their particle applications. Recently, a new trend to use hybrid strategies to bridge the gap between CPMs and flexible polymers has emerged as an effective solution to tackle the above issues. Polymers can be either cross‐linked within the framework or anchored to the outer surface of the materials, that endow CPMs with polymer features, such as flexibility, ductility, and machinability. Such resulting polymer‐tethered CPMs (named as polyCPMs) have demonstrated improved performances in many application scopes such as membrane separation, heterogeneous catalysis and smart response. This minireview highlights state of the art for the hybridization strategies of CPMs with flexible polymers, and provide a perspective on their potential applications and future directions.