bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibioticoterapia como uma opção eficaz para o tratamento da apendicite aguda: revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Alves Hálan Coura , Costa Nardele Resende , Carraro Vinicius Marins
Published: February 2017

A apendicite aguda é uma das causas mais comuns de dor abdominal aguda. Engloba interesse tanto dos clínicos quanto dos cirurgiões. Além disso, os pacientes serão os mais beneficiados após o estudo desse tema já que a melhor opção terapêutica poderá ser escolhida, determinando melhor evolução e prognóstico. Face ao exposto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi, através de uma revisão de literatura, avaliar a utilização da antibioticoterapia como alternativa à apendicectomia. Além disso, buscou-se identificar os antibióticos mais utilizados para esse fim e apresentar sua eficácia no tratamento da apendicite aguda. Os artigos foram pesquisados em várias bases de dados (BIREME, SCIELO, MEDLINE, LILACS) com os descritores “apendicite aguda”, “tratamento conservador da apendicite aguda”, “antibioticoterapia na apendicite aguda” e “antibióticos utilizados para tratamento da apendicite aguda”, entre os anos de 1958 e 2013.Foram encontrados 349 artigos, e desses, selecionamos 21 entre os anos de 1958 e 2013. Após revisão bibliográfica criteriosa e análise dos artigos selecionados, pode-se dizer que a terapêutica conservadora em casos de apendicite aguda tem suas vantagens, como menor tempo de permanência e menores custos hospitalares, menores complicações decorrentes do ato cirúrgico e altas taxas de sucesso.É importante que novos trabalhos e estudos com maiores números de pacientes sejam realizados, destacando a importância e eficácia do tratamento conservador para que em um futuro próximo possamos diminuir o número de apendicectomias realizadas e difundir a cada dia mais o uso da antibioticoterapia como opção para o tratamento da apendicite aguda.
Hematological Changes in Dogs Affected with Canine Babesiosis
Authors: Bilwal A. K. , Mandali G. C. , Patel A. C.
Published: February 2017

Canine babesiosis caused by tick-borne organisms of the genus Babesia, is one of the most
significant disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the haematological changes
in dogs naturally infected with Babesia. The hematological evaluation included haemoglobin (Hb),
red blood cell (RBC) count, platelets, white blood cell (WBC) count, differential leucocyte count
(DLC), packet cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin
(MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The haematological findings in
most of these dogs revealed microcytic hypochromic anaemia, lowered platelet count and 75%
cases had 24% decreased PCV. The results of the study showed that Babesia infection in dogs
caused anaemia and thrombocytopenia.
Effect of Thermal Stress on Serum Biochemical and Haematological Parameters in Broiler Chicken
Authors: Chaturvedani A. K. , Jaiswal Sudhir Kumar , Raza Meesam
Published: February 2017

The present study was conducted to assess the effects of thermal stress on the serum biochemical
and haematological parameters in broiler chicken. Forty CARIBRO- Vishal broiler chicken were
divided into two groups with twenty birds each. The control group was kept at room temperature
and treatment group was exposed to thermal stress under 40±1 °C for 4 hours at 35 day of age.
The exposure of thermal stress significantly increased (P less than 0.05) the value of serum biochemical
parameters (glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride), heterophills, H/L ratios and basophills, however
the value of total leukocyte, haemoglobin, haematocrit value, and monocytes decreased significantly
(P less than 0.05).
Correlation of Leptin, Insulin and Glucose During Late Gestation and Early Lactation in Murrah Buffaloes
Authors: Kuralkar Prajakta , Nagre S. M.
Published: February 2017

A study was carried out to assess the levels of Glucose ,Insulin and Leptin during late gestation
and early lactation and their correlation in murrah buffaloes was determined. All of the variables
were significantly affected by transition period. The level of Insulin, Glucose and Leptin was
significantly higher 15 days before parturition, followed by 15 days after parturition and lowest on
the day of parturition.
Constraints in Contract and Non-Contract Broiler Farming Systems in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Sagar M. P. , Chander Mahesh
Published: February 2017

The present study was conducted with the objective to identify the constraints faced by poultry
farmers under contract and non-contract broiler farming systems in four randomly selected blocks
of Azamgarh and Varanasi districts of Uttar Pradesh. The results revealed that major constraints
faced by contract broiler farmers were delay in providing chicks (46.67%), low growing charges
by the Integrators (35%), delay in lifting produce (28.33%) and delay in providing veterinary services
(21.67%). Whereas non-contract broiler farmers were affected by marketing related problems. The
major constraints faced by them were price fluctuations (96.67%), lack of cooperative marketing
societies (93.33%), no supporting price policy (85%) and unsatisfactory price of produce (83.33%).
Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Extracts of Gymnema Sylvestre in Streptozotocin Induced Type I Diabetes in Rats
Authors: Mahida Nishtha R. , Mandali G. . , Sindha Vijaysinh V. , Raval S. K.
Published: February 2017

Gymnema sylvestre of the family Asclepiadaceae is one of the most important medicinal plants
of the central eco-region. It is popularly known as Gurmar, which means “sugar killer”. Extract of
leaves is reported to have tannins, gum, flavonoids, proteins and saponins. It has displayed a wide
array of pharmacological activities. This study was aimed to investigate the antidiabetic and
hypolipidemic effects of Gymnema sylvestre extract in experimentally induced diabetes in rats.
Diabetes was produced in adult Wistar rats with single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) @ 60 mg/kg
b.wt. intraperitoneally. After the confirmation of diabetes on 7th day (sugar >200 mg/dl), alcoholic
and aqueous extracts of G. sylvestre (400 mg/kg) were administered orally to the experimental rats
from 8th day and continued for 42 days thereafter. The antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity was
estimated by measuring blood glucose, lipid profile and histopathological examination of various
tissues from all the groups. Administration of STZ resulted in a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in blood
glucose and lipid profile and histopathological alterations in Diabetic control group as compared
to healthy control group. Gymnema treatment demonstrated significant (p less than 0.01) antidiabetic effect
indicated by restoration of blood glucose compared to STZ control group. The study concluded that
extracts of Gymnema sylvestre improved the altered glucose and lipid profile in diabetic rats,
suggesting that the Gymnema Sylvestre extracts exhibit the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity.
Mareks Disease in An Aseel Chicken - Cytohistopathological Approach
Authors: Kumar V. , Pazhanivel N. , Gopal K. , Thangathurai R. , Balachandran C.
Published: February 2017

Mareks diseases (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chicken affecting all organs including skin.
Mareks disease is become a menace to the poultry industry owing to the serious economic loss.
MD is caused by herpes virus with three serotype of MDV (Carter et al., 2006). MD is a very serious
problem and it produces up to 60% of mortality in layers and 10% of mortality in broilers.
Epidemiological data recorded average about 10–40% flock mortality (Arulmozi et al. 2011). The
clinical feature of MD is characterized by paralysis of the wings, legs and neck with lameness,
depression and death occurred. The present paper reports the occurrence of MD in Aseel chicken.
Monocephalic Sternopagus Tetrapagus Tetrapus Dicaudatus Monstrosity in a Surti Buffalo: A Case Report
Authors: Borakhatariya Devasee , Kandhani Pravin , Chikhaliya P.S. , Manvar N.B.
Published: February 2017

Dystocia is the common sequel of foetal monstrosities. Teratologic abnormalities or developmental
arrests of the ovum, embryo or foetus may result in death or malformations of the antenatal
individual. The defect of conjoined twins is non-inherited teratologic, which arises from a single ovum
due to incomplete division during the primitive stage development and is monozygotic. Number of
factors being influenced by genetic and environmental conditions may cause development of
conjoined twins. Various genetic factors were predicted to be responsible for the failure of the
separation of twins after the 13th day of conception (Srivastava et al., 2008). They are most common
in cattle but are seen rarely in sheep, pigs, dogs and cats and are exceedingly rare in horses.
Correlation Between Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements in Adult Female Sahiwal Cattle
Authors: Chaturvedani A. K. , Sahu Sambhuti Shankar , Choursia S. K. , Prakash Om
Published: February 2017

The present investigation was conducted in the herd of pure bred Sahiwal cows maintained at Bull
Mother Experimental Farm (BMEF) and Government Cattle Breeding Farm (CBF), Anjora, Durg
(Chhattisgarh). A total of 193 adult female Sahiwal cattle over three years of age were used in the
experiment. The animals were grouped into seven age groups, i.e. 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7,7-8,>8 years
old, and overall. Body weight was found to be significantly (P less than 0.01) and positively correlated with
height at withers (r= 0.58 to 0.73), body length (r= 0.56 to 0.76) and heart girth (r= 0.57 to 0.80)
in these groups. The relatively high value of coefficient of correlation between live body weight and
heart girth assumed to be more significant indicator of live body weight in Sahiwal cattle.
Histopathological Changes during Infected Wound Healing in Cow Calves by the Use of Silver Nano Particle Gel and Povidone Iodine
Authors: Singh Yogendra , Shukla, B. P. , Shukla, Supriya , Jain Reshma , Jaiswal Aditya P.
Published: February 2017

The present study was conducted on 12 cow calves with infected wounds, irrespective of sex and
breed, divided into two groups having 6 cow calves each. The animals of group I were treated with
silver nano particle gel and the animals of group II were treated with povidone iodine dressing for
7 consecutive days. Histopathological changes were recorded at different time interval in both the
groups. Studies revealed that there was marked re-epitheliazation and hyperplasia with considerable
thickening of epidermis and large amount of collagen deposition in granulation tissue in group I
as compared to group II. Histopatathological findings clearly suggest that the group treated with
silver nano particle gel showed better and faster healing of wound as compared to povidone iodine
treated group. Therefore clinical use of silver nano particle gel can be advocated for wound dressing
in cow calves.
Effect of Feeding Milk Replacer on Dry Matter Intake and Feed Efficiency in Holstein x Kankrej Crossbred Calves
Authors: Lunagariya P. M. , Shukla R. , Shah S. V. , Pandya P. R. , Pandya S. S. , Divekar B. S.
Published: February 2017

An experiment was conducted on HF x Kankrej crossbred calves to study the effect of formulated
milk replacer on nutrients intake, feed conversion efficiency, cost of feeding and disease incidence.
Eighteen newly born calves of either sex were selected. The calves were fed colostrum up to 3
days and from 4th to 9th day whole milk at the rate of 12.5% of body weight. From 10th day the calves
were randomly distributed in to three treatment group. The calves of T1 group received whole milk
as per routine farm practice; T2 group was fed whole milk and commercial milk replacer as per
manufacturer’s recommendation, whereas T3 group calves received formulated milk replacer @
12.5 % of body weight with upper limit of 4 kg per day. The overall initial (day 10) and final (day
94) body weight of calves were 27.71±6.53 and 44.96±10.60 kg, respectively. Overall average dry
matter intake (DMI) per day, as per cent body weight and per kg metabolic body weight (W0.75) was
0.52±0.02 kg, 1.45±0.03 kg and 35.34±0.78 g, respectively. The dry matter intake in T1 was
significantly higher followed by T2 than T3. Overall intake of total digestible nutrients (TDN) on daily,
per cent body weight and per kg W0.75 basis was 0.546±0.02 kg, 1.28±0.04 kg and 31.03±0.87 g,
respectively. The DM intake for each kg gain was significantly lower in T3 (3.07 kg) and T1 (3.02)
than T2 (4.79 kg) calves. The feed conversion efficiency (TDN intake kg/kg gain) was significantly
superior in T3 (2.22) followed by T2 (4.23), whereas in T1 (2.95) it was intermediate. The feed cost
and total rearing cost were lower (p less than 0.05) for farm formulated milk replacer (T3) than commercial
milk replacer (T2) and was highest for milk feeding (T1) group. The feed cost and total rearing
cost per unit gain in weight were also lower (p less than 0.05) for farm formulated milk replacer (T3) than
other two groups. The disease incidences were intermediate in farm formulated milk replacer (T3).
Thus, raising crossbred calves on farm formulated milk replacer can be a better option for economic
gain of farmers, health of calves and (sparing) more milk for humans.
Culicoides Oxystoma a Potential Vector for Transmission of Bluetongue Virus 16 in
Southern India
Authors: Prasad Minakshi , Ranjan Koushlesh , Brar Basanti , Prasad Gaya
Published: February 2017

Bluetongue (BT) is a Culicoides vector borne disease of domestic and wild ruminants. It is caused
by bluetongue virus (BTV). BT is infectious but non-contagious disease. The head–thorax region
of Culicoides Oxystoma vector trapped on animal farm in TN was triturated and inoculated in BHK-
21 cell culture. After few blind passages it showed cytopathic effect (CPE) in cell culture. After
appearance of 75% cytopathic effect in BHK 21 cell culture, viral nucleic acid was extracted. The
RNA-PAGE analysis showed BTV specific characteristics migration pattern of 3:3:3:1. Viral nucleic
acid was allowed for cDNA synthesis followed by NS1 and VP2 gene based RT-PCR. The NS1 gene
RT-PCR, CPE and specific migration pattern in RNA-PAGE confirmed the sample as BTV. The VP2
gene based serotype specific RT-PCR identified the isolate as BTV serotype 16. The study suggested
that Culicoides oxystoma could be a potential vector for transmission of BTV in southern India.
Molecular Characterisation of MHC B-Lβ (Class II) Family Alleles in Jabalpur Dual Coloured Type Chicken using PCR- SSP
Authors: Jha Amit Kumar , Thakur M. S. , Sarkhel B. C. , Parmar S. N. S. , Tomar S. S.
Published: February 2017

The present investigation was taken up to study the polymorphism at MHC B-Lβ (CLASS II) family
alleles using PCR- SSP in sixty Dual Coloured type chicken in the Department of Animal Genetics
and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary
Science University (NDVSU), Jabalpur. An amplified PCR product of 235 bp size observed on
amplification of exon 2 of MHC B-Lβ II family gene further underwent PCR-SSP using five pairs
of chicken MHC B-Lβ (class II) family haplotype specific primers. The allelic frequency of B2,B13,B15,
B19 and B21 were 0.375, 0.217, 0.192, 0.217 and 0.000, respectively. The frequency of allele B2 was
found to be the highest while of B15 was observed to be the lowest. The allele B21 was absent in
the present studied population of Dual Coloured type birds. Chi-square values for testing
correspondence between observed and expected genotypic frequencies at this locus were found
to be non-significant (P>0.05) revealing Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium at this MHC locus for this
populations.
Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Pathogens from Respiratory Tract of Goats
Authors: Chhabra Daljeet , Barde Preeti , Garg U. K. , Sharda R> , Shukla Supriya
Published: February 2017

A total of 170 samples were examined for bacterial pathogens after staining with Wright’s stain.
These included oral swabs, nasal swabs, blood samples, impression smears and tissues from
different parts of respiratory tract showing pulmonary lesions. Out of these, only 36 samples
(21.17%) collected from clinically ill animals or morbid tissues were showing respiratory tract
infection suggestive of respiratory tract infection of bacterial origin which were further processed
for microbiological examinations. Pasteurella multocida and E.coli were isolated from 7(19.44%) and
11 samples (30.55%) out of 36 samples respectively in pure culture. The remaining samples did
not reveal any bacterial growth.
Surgical Management of Recurrent Cervico-Vaginal Prolapse by Ovario-Hysterectomy in Stray Cows: A Report of 12 Cases
Authors: Borakhatariya Devasee , Gadara Arvind , Kasundra Arjun
Published: February 2017

Pre and postpartum genital prolapse in cows is often a chronic and recurrent condition. Cervicovaginal
prolapse is a very painful and serious condition due to which most of the animals undergo
severe straining and may become recumbent. It is assumed that the occurrence of prolapse has
a genetic predisposition in both cattle and sheep. It is regarded as an emergency condition and
should be managed before excessive oedema, mucosal trauma, contamination and fatal haemorrhage
lead to a grave prognosis.
Sistem Pencarian Informasi Berbasis Ontologi untuk Jalur Pendakian Gunung Menggunakan Query Bahasa Alami dengan Penyajian Peta Interaktif
Authors: Admojo Fadhila Tangguh , Winarko Edi
Published: February 2017

Mountain climbing path information has been widely available on the internet. However, to get information that suits the needs of climbers take time to browse and compare all the available information. The diversity of the search results content actually confuse the climbers.            This research aims to provide a solution to the problems faced by climbers, by developing an information retrieval system for mountain climbing path using semantic technology (ontology) based approach .   The system is developed by using two knowledge base (ontology), ontology Bahasa represents linguistic knowledge and ontology Mountaineering represents mountaineering knowledge. The system is designed to process and understand natural language input form. The process of understanding the natural language based on syntactic and semantic analysis using the rules of Indonesian grammar.            The results of the research that has been conducted shows that the system is able to understand natural language input and is capable of detecting input that is not in accordance with the rules of Indonesian grammar both syntactically and semantically. The system is also able to use a thesaurus of words in the search process. Quantitative test results show that the system is able to understand 69% of inputs are taken at random from the respondents.
Transformasi Skema Basis Data Relasional Menjadi Model Data Berorientasi Dokumen pada MongoDB
Authors: Winaya I Gede , Ashari Ahmad
Published: February 2017

MongoDB is a database that uses document-oriented data storage models. In fact, to  migrate from a relational database to NoSQL databases such as MongoDB is not an easy matter especially if the data are extremely complex. Based on the documentation that has been done by several global companies related to the use of MongoDB, it can be concluded that the process of migration from RDBMS to MongoDB require quite a long time. One process that takes quite a lot is transformation of relational database schema into a document-oriented data model on MongoDB.            This research discusses the development transformation system of relational database schema to the document oriented data model in MongoDB. The process of transformation is done by utilizing the structure and relationships between tables in the scheme as the main parameters of the modeling algorithm. In the process of the modeling documents, it necessary to adjustments the specifications of MongoDB document that formed document model can be implemented in MongoDB.            Document models are formed from transformation process can be a single document, embedded document, referenced document or combination of these. Document models are formed depending on the type, rules, and the value of the relationships cardinality between tables in the relational database schema.
Analisa Metode Handover Pada Jaringan WiMAX
Authors: Murhaban Murhaban , Ashari Ahmad
Published: February 2017

Handover method is used to keep the stabilization of connection. Its connected with the performance was caused the process canal traffic transfer automatically in mobile station (MS) that was used to communicate without cutting off the connection. The main factor of success in handover was quality of service to provide the difference level of service in arranging and giving the traffic priority in the network like voice over IP (VoIP) application or communication voice using internet network.             This research will analyse the achievement quality of service in the WiMax network standard 802.16e used hard handover and softhandover method with the VoIP application in mobile station.            Based on the testing that was carried out hard handover and soft handover method used  the application of voice over internet protocol in mobile station has obtained  value jitter 0.001 Ms – 0.31 ms, and delay 10.5 ms 39 ms this is proved that the influence of jitter and delay against handover with the VoIP application still in the tolerance stage that was permitted.  It is different with the output throughput 85 Bit/Sekon  - 550 Bit/Sekon that is too low and indicated that throughput is not sentitif against handover with the voice over  internet protocol application.
Custo e análise de sensibilidade na produção de silagem
Authors: Dos Santos Glauber , De Moraes João Marcos Meneghel , Nussio Luiz Gustavo
Published: February 2017

Para que o produtor possa optar por alternativas corretas entre as diferentes fontes de forragem, é necessário conhecer o custo de produção bem como os fatores que mais impactam na formação do custo. Assim, objetivou-se fazer o levantamento de custo de produção, do impacto econômico e das perdas na produtividade da silagem de milho. Para tanto, utilizou-se de sete sistemas de produção de silagem localizados no estado de São Paulo e 11 sistemas no estado de Minas Gerais. O período de coleta de dados foi de setembro de 2015 a maio de 2016. O custo operacional efetivo foi composto pelas despesas com análise de solo, calcário, óleo diesel, fertilizantes, sementes, herbicidas/inseticidas, lona plástica, inoculantes e despesas diversas. O custo total de produção da silagem de milho na safra 15/16 foi de R$ 317,30 por tonelada de matéria seca ou R$ 104,71 por tonelada de matéria verde. Os insumos (sementes, fertilizantes e defensivos) foram os itens de maior representatividade no custo, seguido pela colheita e ensilagem, plantio e tratos culturais e preparo de solo. A análise de sensibilidade mostrou que o custo foi 1,92 vezes maior considerando as diferentes produtividades e percentuais de perda, sendo o menor custo R$ 81,57 e o maior R$ 157,32.
Motivación laboral de los egresados del Programa de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad de Nariño
Authors: Benavides Paz Oscar Hernando
Published: February 2017

La motivación permite que las personas busquen el cumplimiento de determinados objetivos, y por lo tanto el grado de motivación en una actividad específica tiene efectos directos sobre la forma en que gestione sus acciones para el cumplimiento de estos. En materia laboral, el grado de motivación toma importancia por cuanto incide directamente en la realización de la actividad asignada y consecuentemente en el funcionamiento de la empresa u organización en la cual se encuentra vinculado. Por esta razón el objeto de la presente investigación es determinar el estado de las necesidades motivacionales expuestas por McClelland en los egresados del programa de administración de empresas de la universidad de Nariño, por cuanto estas van a definir tanto sus objetivos individuales como la forma en que se relacionan socialmente en el ambiente laboral y por lo tanto en su desempeño, aspecto que no solo tendrá consecuencias directas en la empresa sino también en el bienestar del empleado, de ahí la importancia de una buena gestión de las diversas necesidades no solo a nivel empresarial sino también en la academia. Para establecer las diferentes necesidades se realizó tendencias logarítmicas, polinomios de segundo grado, y coeficientes de correlación.
Variación de precios de alimentos en los supermercados de la ciudad de Armenia (Colombia)
Authors: Tarapuez Edwin , Flórez Laiseca Adriana , Ramírez Jorge Humberto
Published: February 2017

El objetivo principal de la investigación que dio origen a este artículo es analizar la variación de precios de una canasta de 129 alimentos en los supermercados de Armenia (Colombia), teniendo en cuenta la variabilidad de los mismos de acuerdo con los establecimientos comerciales estudiados y su zona de ubicación dentro de la ciudad. Se trata de un trabajo descriptivo, de corte longitudinal, no experimental, que se llevó a cabo mediante la comparación de precios de alimentos en siete establecimientos comerciales de la ciudad en tres momentos distribuidos entre los meses de agosto y octubre de 2014. Respecto a la ubicación de los supermercados dentro de la ciudad, no se encontró diferencia significativa en la variabilidad de los precios de los alimentos analizados durante el periodo de estudio en las tres zonas de la ciudad, en cambio sí se puede notar alguna variabilidad de precios de acuerdo con el tipo de supermercado. A pesar de las marcadas diferencias metodológicas de este trabajo con respecto a la del DANE, la variación de precios en los dos meses de estudio fue inferior a la encontrada en el presente análisis.
La centralización del capital: proceso determinante en la transnacionalización del capitalismo contemporáneo
Authors: Silva Colmenares Julio , Padilla Pardo Carolina
Published: February 2017

Mientras diversas corrientes del pensamiento económico ven todavía a la libre competencia como el cimiento del capitalismo actual y a los monopolios u oligopolios como fallas de mercado, en este artículo se sostiene la hipótesis de que la competencia promueve los procesos de concentración de la producción y centralización del capital que dan origen a una fase monopolista del capitalismo en la que surgen grandes empresas, en forma de grupos financieros o conglomerados empresariales, que trascienden las fronteras nacionales y tienen capacidad para incidir en las condiciones que determinan el encuentro entre oferentes y demandantes. Este fenómeno no es exclusivo de los países ricos sino que también se presenta en países pobres caracterizados por un «capitalismo dependiente y tardío», sin libre competencia pero con una fuerte presencia de oligarquía financiera. La transnacionalización de empresas colombianas permite exponer un ejemplo práctico de lo anterior.
Condicionantes económicas de Colombia y la Alianza del Pacífico
Authors: Reyes Giovanni , Medina García Mayerly
Published: February 2017

La principal finalidad de este estudio es presentar una visión actualizada y genérica respecto a las condicionantes económicas de Colombia en particular y las relacionadas con el conjunto de países que conforman la Alianza del Pacífico en general –Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Se trata de un estudio no experimental, descriptivo-interpretativo con énfasis en la revisión de datos. Entre las conclusiones más importantes se destacan los niveles de crecimiento económico con mayor estabilidad que presentan Chile y Perú, una dependencia comercial exterior de México hacia Estados Unidos y en Colombia se tiene el caso de que el aumento de producción que se hace evidente no impacta tanto como era de esperarse, en la variable empleo.
La contribución de Ivone Gebara a la teología del siglo XXi en América Latina
Authors: Zamora González María Vanessa
Published: February 2017

Históricamente, la mujer se ha visto al margen de la vida religiosa institucional, sumida en posiciones de menor jerarquía, en donde se ha visto disminuida su participación en la toma de decisiones y la incidencia teológica. Ante esta situación, la teología feminista ha surgido principalmente para rescatar y proteger el derecho y la dignidad de esta frente al imaginario religioso, fundamentalmente patriarcal y hegemónico. Dicho dogma, tiene una mirada crítica hacia la situación de la mujer dentro de las instituciones religiosas; también, posee y mantiene otra serie de objetivos que son mucho más amplios y que están relacionados con la búsqueda de un cambio en la lógica de poder que se encuentra presente, tanto en las culturas patriarcales como se ha vislumbrado en los espacios religiosos. En este contexto, Ivone Gebara se ha constituido en una de las téologas ecofeministas latinoamericanas más reconocidas que ha intentado reconstruir y restaurar la dignidad de hombres y mujeres a través de nuevas categorías  de análisis y una nueva  visión mucho más integradora del quehacer teológico actual. Este artículo busca presentar su contribución a la teología latinoamericana del siglo XXI.
Teología feminista judía: diversas maneras de nombrar a la divinidad en la liturgia judía
Authors: Szuster Rabina Daniela
Published: February 2017

El propósito de este artículo es, en primer lugar, plantear los problemas teológicos que implica reconocer a Dios con pronombres, sustantivos  y cualidades de índole masculino en nuestros días. En segundo lugar, mostrar la importancia de explorar diferentes maneras de nombrar y acercarse a la divinidad dentro de la tradición judía. Por último, desarrollar tres propuestas diferentes planteadas por distintitas pensadoras feministas judías, para incluir en la liturgia judía, intentando armonizar los problemas teológicos presentados.
Aproximación filosófica del concepto de fe en la teología de Karl Rahner: aplicaciones y actualidad
Authors: Barrientos Amador Maynor
Published: February 2017

Este trabajo pretende delinear los principales aportes del teólogo alemán Karl Rahner al concepto de la fe con base en una revisión de su herencia teológica y filosófica. El concepto de fe en Rahner está marcado por la influencia del pensamiento místico jesuita, el pensamiento filosófico del idealismo alemán y el trabajo revisionista de los teólogos afines a la “nueva teología”.
El oro azul: entre la apropiación social y su mercantilización
Authors: Barillas Byron , Bonilla Luis
Published: February 2017

El presente artículo plantea una reflexión teórica sobre lo que denominamos: el carácter social del agua, en cuya expresión se condensa la génesis misma de la evolución humana dado el vínculo vital e histórico de los seres humanos con el preciado líquido. Sin embargo, tal como lo afirmamos en la reflexión propuesta, el nexo del recurso hídrico con lo social, o más bien con necesidades sociales fundamentales, es disuelto históricamente por nuestro alejamiento de las fuentes hídricas naturales de modo que, por razones de acceso al preciado líquido, tal vínculo –fetichizado según algunos autores- se torna indefectiblemente dependiente de intermediaciones tecnológicas y humanas e inversiones económicas que hace más compleja su explicación y, por lo tanto, necesario el uso de referentes y categorías teóricas duras como lo es la teoría marxista del valor.
La administración de la investigación en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica: revisión histórica desde 1977 hasta 2006
Authors: Barrientos Amador Maynor
Published: February 2017

Este artículo llena un vacío institucional al poner en perspectiva histórica la evolución de la administración de la investigación en la UNED. Por medio de una exhaustiva revisión documental y una comparación analítica, se establecen cinco etapas de evolución bien diferenciadas marcadas por el desarrollo de congresos universitarios, la promulgación de políticas y el desarrollo y colapso de diferentes  unidades académicas y administrativas relacionadas con la investigación en la UNED. El estudio se realizó durante el 2006 y sirvió como antecedente a la propuesta de creación de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación de la UNED, que comenzó a funcionar en 2007. Se  evidencia que la historia de la investigación  en la UNED ha acompañado la historia misma de la Universidad y ha estado vinculada de forma directa o indirecta a hitos universitarios de trascendencia, a la generación de documentos y discursos diversos, y a la transformación de instancias relacionadas  con la investigación en la UNED a través de los año . Se espera que este artículo sirva de referencia a futuros estudios relacionados con la temática de la administración de la investigación en la UNED.
José Miguel Alfaro (1940-2013), in memóriam
Authors: Méndez Alfaro Rafael Ángel
Published: February 2017

ND
Traditional management accountants are not dead. Activities and characteristics of Italian controllers working in SMEs
Authors: Aureli Selena
Published: February 2017

The role of the management accountant or controller in small and medium-sized companies is a topic under researched. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyze his/her role in Italian small and medium-sized companies through a quantitative study. A questionnaire was distributed in order to understand if controllers are more similar to the traditional bean counter profile or the business partner role. The considered variables are: 1.) activities or management accounting practices performed, 2.) main recipients of the produced information, 3.) the controllers’ organizational position, 4.) personal characteristics, 5) professional skills and 6) educational qualification. Moreover, the study analyzes the influence of situational variables, such as company size, tension for growth and the presence of structured advanced control systems.
IPO and CEO Turnover: An empirical analysis on Italy and UK
Authors: Depperu Donatella , Minciullo Marco , Cerrato Daniele
Published: February 2017

This work is aimed at investigating the factors that can foster CEO turnover, being acknowledged as one of the most crucial events in a firm’s life. The study examines CEO turnover before and after the IPO process, looking at firms going or recently gone public, with a specific focus on the effect of performance and the institutional context. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of non-financial companies listed on the Italian Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange in the period 2000-2009.
The impact of news events on the Tunisian stock market volatility: A Post-revolutionary study
Authors: Zaiane Salma , Allita Atef Ben
Published: February 2017

This study examines the impact of political, economic, social and terrorism events on market volatility over the period of the Tunisian revolution from December 1, 2010 to May 29, 2015. Our study is based on daily data of three variable: Tunindex the composite index of the Tunisian stock market, the financial companies’ index, and the exchange rate Eur/Tnd, in order to detect the influence of each type of event on these three selected variables. Using an EGARCH model, the empirical evidence highlights that the fourth types of events affect the Tunindex market volatility. In fact, the political, social and terrorism events increase the volatility of the index. However, the economic events diminish this volatility. Furthermore, we notice that only political and social events influence the market volatility of the financial companies. However, exchange rate Eur/Tnd was affected only by economic and social events.
Perpetual Digital Literacy
Authors: Rotter Martha
Published: February 2017

Digital Literacy today means something very different from what it did ten years ago, five years ago, last year and maybe even last month. When I was growing up in the 80s, it meant that you could use the clunky search machines at the local library, and possibly that you had to take touch typing classes in school. In the 90s it evolved into being able to use a word processor and email. And in the last twelve years, it has come to mean everything from browsing the internet to buying goods online to using social media (and not putting your job in jeopardy by doing so!). Today’s new hires will be expected to be proficient at using tablet computers and e-reader devices, and to be able to do a lot of their job on the go using a phone more powerful than laptops from only five years ago.
Live Learning: Online Teaching, Digital Literacy and the Practice of Inquiry
Authors: Casey Leo , Hallissy Michael
Published: February 2017

There has been significant discussion in recent times around improving the quality of teaching and learning in higher education (Laycock, 2009; Laurillard & Masterman, 2010; DES, 2010).  The Lisbon Strategy (Commission to the Council and the European Parliament, 2006) has framed much of this discussion at a European level with individual countries, such as Ireland, developing their own-targeted strategies to expand and improve higher education (DES, 2010).  In the case of Ireland, these strategies specifically mention the need for institutions to provide ‘excellent teaching’ whether in face-to-face or online settings.  Whereas there is a significant body of on-going research conducted around effective teaching in traditional, face-to-face settings in higher education (for example, Bennett & Barp, 2008, Beetham & Sharpe, 2007) there is, in recent times, an emerging need for investigations that focus on new contexts for teaching particularly in online synchronous classrooms.Many institutions have invested substantial time and resources in procuring new technology systems to support on-line teaching and in training staff to operate the many varied functions within these technologies.  However, there is also a need to go beyond mere functionality and to provide deeper pedagogical support to faculty so they can fully realise the instructional potential of these systems (Kim & Bonk, 2006; Lee & Hirumi, 2004).  Technological innovations in the area of online teaching lead to new challenges for teachers and educators as new tools are developed and adopted by their institutions. A question for researchers is the extent to which these tools augment or inhibit existing roles and practices in the classroom and to ask how we can conceptualize learning and teaching in such contexts.The case for considering inquiry learning as the ‘telos’ or central purpose of classroom practice is presented here. In this way the live on-line classroom is conceived as a communal learning space where teacher and students participate in activities that are enabled, sustained and enriched by the functionality of the technology system.
Ensuring success in a fully online Computer Literacy Module
Authors: Dixon Niall
Published: February 2017

In recent years much has been written about the potential of e-learning to address some of the difficulties that Higher Education Institutions are faced with in relation to reduced academic staffing levels catering to an increasing and diverse student population. The mere mention of e-learning (Hunt, 2011) may indicate an assumption that e-learning will solve these issues. Providing access to these systems without sufficient supports reduces the likelihood that these systems will succeed. This presentation and discussion will focus on the need for supports considered essential in the delivery of fully online courses.
Students’ day-to-day engagements with technologies: rethinking digital literacies
Authors: Oliver Martin
Published: February 2017

This paper reports on the conceptual development of ‘digital literacy’. This is framed in terms of background studies and theory, and then evidence is presented from a study that explores students’ textual practices. The paper concludes by identifying implications of this work for research and practice.
Exploring higher education professionals’ use of Twitter for learning
Authors: O'Keeffe Muireann
Published: February 2017

Twitter has become a hot topic of conversation in professional learning circles. However much of the commentary related to professional learning and Twitter is at best circumstantial rhetoric, which fails to illustrate the real experiences and complexities of professional learning in online spaces. This case study explored how eight higher education professionals engaged with Twitter for professional learning purposes. Data was collected and analysed from participant Twitter profiles and subsequent interviews explored professional learning on Twitter with participants.Using the Visitor and Resident typology this paper highlights that participants were involved in a range of types of participation on Twitter. Participatory activities on Twitter were considered using Wenger’s (1998) concepts of participation and non-participation. Although participants of this research supported Twitter for professional learning, this study indicates that professionals were hesitant to establish presence and participate in social networking activities via Twitter. Consequently further research is needed to unpick the complexities of participation in online spaces.
Factors That Influence Accounting Faculty Career Satisfaction: Comparisons by Program Prestige and Tenure Status
Authors: Fleischman Gary M. , Stephenson Teresa , Walker Kenton B. , Cook Kirsten A.
Published: February 2017

SYNOPSIS

We report results of 266 surveys from untenured and tenured accounting faculty employed by both elite and non-elite accounting programs concerning factors that influence career satisfaction. We find that accounting academics are somewhat satisfied with their jobs, although factors that enhance or impair career satisfaction differ for faculty at elite versus non-elite programs and for untenured versus tenured faculty. Our findings suggest noteworthy implications for the accounting academy and provide insights about cultural differences between elite versus non-elite accounting programs.

JEL Classifications: M40; M49.

Data Availability: Please contact the authors.
Did the 1999 NYSE and NASDAQ Listing Standard Changes on Audit Committee Composition Benefit Investors?
Authors: Kim Seil , Klein April
Published: February 2017

In December 1999, the SEC instituted a new listing standard for NYSE and NASDAQ firms. Listed firms were now required to maintain fully independent audit committees with at least three members. In July 2002, the U.S. Congress legislated these standards through the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Our research question is whether all investors benefited from the 1999 new rule. Using both an event study and a difference-in-differences methodology, we find no evidence of higher market value or better financial reporting quality resulting from this rule.
Excess BMI in Childhood: A Modifiable Risk Factor for Type 1 Diabetes Development?
Authors: Ferrara Christine Therese , Geyer Susan Michelle , Liu Yuk-Fun , Evans-Molina Carmella , Libman Ingrid M. , Besser Rachel , Becker Dorothy J. , Rodriguez Henry , Moran Antoinette , Gitelman Stephen E. , Redondo Maria J. ,   the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to determine the effect of elevated BMI over time on the progression to type 1 diabetes in youth.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We studied 1,117 children in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention cohort (autoantibody-positive relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes). Longitudinally accumulated BMI above the 85th age- and sex-adjusted percentile generated a cumulative excess BMI (ceBMI) index. Recursive partitioning and multivariate analyses yielded sex- and age-specific ceBMI thresholds for greatest type 1 diabetes risk.

RESULTS

Higher ceBMI conferred significantly greater risk of progressing to type 1 diabetes. The increased diabetes risk occurred at lower ceBMI values in children <12 years of age compared with older subjects and in females versus males.

CONCLUSIONS

Elevated BMI is associated with increased risk of diabetes progression in pediatric autoantibody-positive relatives, but the effect varies by sex and age.
La educación a distancia como mecanismo de inclusión social en las Universidades del Ecuador
Authors: Rea Fajardo María Soledad , Medina Crespo José Alberto
Published: February 2017

La inclusión social en la educación superior es un tema que se encuentra en las políticas educacionales de algunos países latinoamericanos, entre ellos Ecuador. Las Instituciones de Educación Superior juegan un rol protagónico para el fortalecimiento del talento humano profesional que se necesita para el desarrollo de un país. Con la llegada de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, la educación a distancia tomó más auge.  Desde el punto de vista social, esta modalidad tiene la finalidad de dar acceso a aquellas personas que por diferentes limitantes no podrían asistir físicamente al aula de clases. La tecnología permite complementar lo presencial por lo virtual, propiciando que el espacio y tiempo se adapten a las necesidades de docentes y estudiantes. Además, de permitir que el estudiante se vuelva el protagonista de su aprendizaje y constructor del conocimiento. Los entornos virtuales de enseñanza – aprendizaje remplazan a los edificios. En fin, aparecen escenarios y herramientas digitales que potencian el aprendizaje colaborativo y el conocimiento abierto, aunque también generan controversias. A pesar de que hay muchos factores tecnológicos que facilitan la educación a distancia, es importante que se determinen las razones por las que hay personas que aún se sienten excluidas de las instituciones de educación superior. Por otro lado, las universidades ecuatorianas tienen el reto de articular a su gestión las nuevas políticas educacionales y buscar mecanismos para retroalimentar su pertinencia social.
Fortalecimiento y desarrollo integral de los colaboradores de gestión administrativa de la Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil
Authors: Zurita Fabre Adela Eugenia María , Ching Correa María Paulina , Díaz Aveiga Nelly Kathyuska , Chalén Yépez Eugenio Jacinto , Pazmiño  Crespo Luis Fernando , Pazmiño Crespo Diego Francisco
Published: February 2017

El presente artículo es el resultado de una investigación que se planteó como objetivo elaborar un diagnóstico de necesidades de capacitación orientado al fortalecimiento y desarrollo integral de colaboradores de gestión administrativa de la Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil (UCSG). Se partió de un enfoque cuantitativo y descriptivo con la participación de 248 personas seleccionadas mediante un muestreo estratificado, de una población total de 686 colaboradores de gestión administrativa, entre funcionarios y personal de apoyo, sin especificidad en género, antigüedad o nivel jerárquico. Los resultados resaltan que los encuestados están conscientes de que la actualización y/o adquisición de conocimientos son básicas en su crecimiento profesional y personal y en su eficiente desempeño. De igual forma, consideran que los temas a ser incluidos en el programa de capacitación deben responder a necesidades laborales de la institución en general y de los cargos en particular, reconociendo que estos, incentivan al colaborador en el desarrollo de la innovación y la creatividad, base para la solución de conflictos y la toma de decisiones. Con base a lo anterior, se presenta el diagnóstico de necesidades de capacitación que podría ser incluido en los programas a ser diseñados por la institución.
Affine Shape Descriptor Algorithm for Image Matching and Object Recognition in a Digital Image/Algoritmo para clasificación de formas invariante a transformaciones afines para objetos rígidos en una imagen digital
Authors: Morales G. Jacob , Arana D. Nancy , A. Gallegos Alberto
Published: February 2017

The use of shape, as a mean to discriminate between object classes extracted from a digital image, is one of the major roles in machine vision. The use of shape has been studied extensively in recent decades, because the shape of the object holds enough information for its correct classification; additionally, the quantity of memory used to store a border is much less than that of the whole region within it. In this paper, a novel shape descriptor is proposed. The algorithm demonstrates that it has useful properties such as: invariance to aﬃne transformations that are applied to the border (e.g., scales, skews, displacements and rotations), stability in the presence of noise, and good diﬀerentiability between diﬀerent object classes. A comparative analysis is included to show the performance of our proposal with respect to the state of the art algorithms.