bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Failure analysis of a re-design knuckle using topology optimization
Authors: Chen Yung-Chuan , Huang Hsing-Hui , Weng Chen-Wei
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In this study, a systematic design process is carried out for the
design of the knuckle. A systematic method is proposed for the design and
analysis of a lightweight steering knuckle in an electric vehicle. In the
proposed approach, a finite element (FE) model of the knuckle is constructed
based on an inspection of the suspension and steering requirements of the
target vehicle and the results of a kinematic analysis. A two-stage topology
optimization method is then applied to refine the material distribution
within the FE model in such a way as to minimize the knuckle weight.
Finally, FE simulations are performed to evaluate the strength of the
knuckle under road impact conditions and to determine the fatigue life of
the knuckle for four ISO 8608 road classes (A–D). The results
show that the optimized knuckle has a weight of 3.64 kg (approximately
6.2 % lighter than the original knuckle of the same strength and material)
and achieves fatigue lives of 2.512×1011, 2.972×108, 5.598×103 and 2.432×101 cycles for
road classes A, B, C and D, respectively.
Impact of hurricanes Irma and Maria on the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center initial tsunami warning capability for the Caribbean region
Authors: Sardina Victor , Walsh David , Koyanagi Kanoa , Weinstein Stuart , Becker Nathan , McCreery Charles , von Hillebrandt-Andrade Christa
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In September 2017, hurricanes Irma and Maria wreaked havoc across the Caribbean region. While obliterating the infrastructure in the Caribbean nations found along their path, both hurricanes gradually destroyed the existing seismic networks. We quantified the impact of the hurricanes on the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) initial tsunami warning capability for the Caribbean region relying on the computation of theoretical earthquake detection and response times after accounting for hurricane-related station outages. The results show that the hurricanes rendered 38 % of the 146 stations available in the Caribbean inoperative. Within the eastern Caribbean region monitored by PTWC the hurricanes exacerbated outages to an astonishing 82 % of the available 76 seismic stations. Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Lesser Antilles suffered the brunt of both hurricanes, and their seismic networks nearly disappeared. The double punch delivered by two successive category 5 hurricanes added up to 02:43 and 04:33 min to the earthquake detection and response times, effectively knocking out PTWC's local tsunami warning capabilities in the region. Emergency adjustments, including the temporary reduction of the number of stations required for earthquake detection and ML magnitude release, enabled a faster response to earthquakes in the region than otherwise possible in the aftermath of hurricanes Irma and Maria.
Evaluation of Arctic sea-ice drift and its dependency on near-surface wind and sea-ice concentration and thickness in the coupled regional climate model HIRHAM-NAOSIM
Authors: Yu Xiaoyong , Rinke Annette , Dorn Wolfgang , Spreen Gunnar , Lüpkes Christof , Sumata Hiroshi , Gryanik Vladimir M.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. We examine the simulated Arctic sea-ice drift speed for the period 2003–2014 in the coupled Arctic regional climate model HIRHAM-NAOSIM 2.0. In particular, we evaluate the dependency of the drift speed on the near-surface wind speed and sea-ice conditions. Considering the seasonal cycle of Arctic basin averaged drift speed, the model reproduces the summer-autumn drift speed well, but significantly overestimates the winter-spring drift speed, compared to satellite-derived observations. Also, the model does not capture the observed seasonal phase lag between drift and wind speed, but the simulated drift speed is more in phase with near-surface wind. The model calculates a realistic negative relationship between drift speed and ice thickness and between drift speed and ice concentration during summer-autumn when concentration is relatively low, but the correlation is weaker than observed. A daily grid-scale diagnostic indicates that the model reproduces the observed positive relationship between drift and wind speed. The strongest impact of wind changes on drift speed occurs for high and moderate wind speeds, with a low impact for calm conditions. The correlation under low-wind conditions is overestimated in the simulations, compared to observation/reanalysis. A sensitivity experiment demonstrates the significant effects of sea-ice form drag included by an improved parameterization of the transfer coefficients for momentum and heat over sea ice. However, this does not improve the agreement of the modelled drift speed/wind speed ratio with observations based on reanalysis for wind and remote sensing for sea ice drift. An improvement might be possible, among others, by tuning the open parameters of the parameterization in future.
Multidecadal Arctic sea ice thickness and volume derived from ice
age
Authors: Liu Yinghui , Key Jeffrey R. , Wang Xuanji , Tschudi Mark
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Arctic sea ice is a key component of the Arctic climate system, which in turn impacts global climate. Ice concentration, thickness, and volume are among the most important Arctic sea ice parameters. This study presents a new record of Arctic sea ice thickness and volume from 1984 to 2018 based on an existing satellite-derived ice age product. The relationship between ice age and ice thickness is first established for every month based on collocated ice age and ice thickness from submarine sonar data (1984–2000), the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat, 2003–2008), and an empirical ice growth model. Based on this relationship, ice thickness is derived for the entire time period from the weekly ice age product, and the Arctic monthly sea ice volume is then calculated. The ice age-based thickness and volume show good agreement in terms of bias and root mean square error with submarine, ICESat, and CryoSat-2 ice thickness, as well as ICESat and CryoSat-2 ice volume, in February/March and October/November. Sea ice volume exhibits a decreasing trend of −411 km3/year from 1984 to 2018, stronger than the trends from other datasets. Of the factors affecting volume, changes in sea ice thickness from November to May contribute at least 80 %, decreasing to around 50 % in August and September. Changes in sea ice area contribute less than 30 % in all months.
The Translatability of Some Expressions Used in Food Invitations in the Jordanian Society From Arabic Into English
Authors: Ali Sukayna Abdel Kareem
Published: August 2019

It is the good translation that conveys the spirit and ideas of the original text in all honesty and accuracy and it is characterized by smoothness and clarity so that the reader does not feel the text as being transferred from another language. This study was conducted to demonstrate if it is possible to translate some expressions used in food invitations in the Jordanian society from Arabic into English and to explain the relationship between language and translation. It was based on the descriptive approach and reference to previous studies. It was concluded that there is difficulty in translating some of the terms used in food invitations and it was recommended by the study to conduct more research in this area.
On the Political Economy of State Corporate Tax Reforms in the U.S.
Authors: Kakpo Eliakim
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses the political economy of U.S. state corporate tax reforms. Using a unique dataset of state effective corporate tax rates over the period 1969-2015, I observe that business tax changes are associated with tax competition, swings in economic cycles, and left-right political ideology. In contrast, long-term debt and budgetary pressures do not correlate with state corporate tax policies. Moreover, I document a regional heterogeneity and notice a slowdown in state tax changes after the Federal Reform Act of 1986. These findings matter for the empirics of corporate tax incidence, which is increasingly concerned with the endogeneity between tax reforms and other economic developments.
Peer assisted learning model to support students’ success in a complex science course
Authors: Osborne Kathryn , Othman Maha
Published: August 2019

The application of peer learning models, including Peer Assisted Learning (PAL), has been primarily in the clinical and simulation settings with the focus on readiness for clinical and professional practice. We present a single center experience with the design, structure and implementation of an in-house PAL tutorial in a Pathophysiology; a complex mandatory 12 weeks science course taken by 2nd-year students. This experience represents a phase and progression towards a more coherent model.  In phase I, a short survey was conducted to gauge the students’ interest and assess the feasibility of a tutorial model.  In Phase II and III, PAL tutorials were introduced and implemented over the course of two semesters for two cohorts of students. Phase I provided sufficient evidence to proceed with tutorial development, and provided guidance for tutorial planning and implementation. Phase II and III showed tutorial participation gradually increased over time. We have integrated complexity science as a theoretical basis that guided the study and unified the findings throughout the study. The tutorials helped students to integrate concepts from related courses, encouraged them to find similarities, and enhanced overall understanding of course content, while providing a support system to reduce anxiety and stress. The use of online material and a concept mapping approach received the most significant positive feedback as learning tools. We believe the PAL approach is important to tutorial development and, when implemented within the theoretical model of complexity science, may carry potential in developing nursing or other curricula. Further research into the application of tutorial models more broadly in nursing education curriculum is necessary to determine more coherently the unique design characteristics required.
Differences between Students' Linguistic Knowledge and Text Production Ability: A Case of the Use of Cohesion as a Resource of Texture in Academic Writing
Authors: Ahmad Zulfiqar
Published: August 2019

Assuming cohesion as a non-structural resource of texture in text, the present study analyzed students' academic essays to establish the role of cohesion in creating text. A survey was also conducted to gauge students' beliefs about their ability to use cohesive devices in writing. The results of the text analysis and the survey were then used to identify differences between students' linguistic knowledge and their actual use of the cohesion devices. The results revealed statistically significant relationships between the textual variables of cohesion to the extent that the sample texts had visibly dense texture. The results of the survey variables were also found to be statistically significant. In addition, there were gaps in students' understanding of the concept of cohesive devices and their actual use in the texts. The study recommends explicit teaching of cohesive devices rather than as grammatical entities as well as training in expanding the lexical base of the students to help them achieve discourse competence appropriate to the expectations of the academic discourse community.
Intuitive real-time compensation algorithm for actuator control errors in fast pseudodynamic tests
Authors: Gultom Ronald J. , Ma Quincy T.
Published: August 2019

Time delay error is common in fast pseudodynamic (PSD) tests due to the effect of actuator dynamics. This type of systematic error introduces energy into a system which if not monitored or controlled, can result in test instability and cause the response to grow exponentially. This leads to premature termination of a simulation and unreliable results. This paper proposes an intuitive error-compensation algorithm to correct this error by considering the systematic error as negative damping in the system. The key to this scheme is the introduction of varying viscous damping at each integration time step during the PSD test. The magnitude of the time-varying viscous damping is derived by equating the magnitude of the energy error with that dissipated by the introduced damping at every integration time step. Numerical simulations and experimental validations are presented in this paper to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, to produce reliable simulation results in the presence of systematic time delay error and noisy measurements.
Non-destructive method to investigate the hardness-plastic strain relationship in cyclically deformed structural steel elements
Authors: Nashid Hassan , Ferguson W.G. , Clifton G.C. , Hodgson M. , Battley M. , Seal C. , Choi J.H.
Published: August 2019

A non-destructive hardness testing method is being developed to determine plastic strain in steel elements that have been subjected to inelastic seismic loading. The focus of this study is on the active links of eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). The 2010/2011 Christchurch earthquake series, especially the very intense February 22 shaking, was the first earthquake worldwide to push complete EBF systems into their inelastic state, generating a moderate to high level of plastic strain in EBF active links for a range of buildings from 3 to 23 storeys in height. Plastic deformation was confined to the active links. This raised two important questions: 1) what was the extent of plastic deformation; and 2) what effect does that have to post-earthquake steel properties? To answer these questions a range of actions is being taken. A non-destructive hardness test method is being developed to determine a relationship between hardness and plastic strain inactive link beams. Active links from the earthquake affected, 23-storey Pacific Tower building in Christchurch has been hardness and material property tested to determine the changes in the steel, and cyclic testing of active links to defined levels of inelastic demand is underway. Test results to date show clear evidence that the hardness based method is able to give a good relationship between hardness measurements and plastic strain. This paper presents recent significant findings from this project. The principal of these is the discovery that hot rolled steel tested beams, all carry manufacturing induced plastic strains, in regions of the webs, of up to 5%.
Industrial Development and Combating Unemployment in Arab Countries
Authors: TRABULSI Hussein
Published: August 2019

This research aims to find economic and social solutions through the development of industry in the Arab countries after suffering, for decades, from the lack of interest in order to achieve industrial development and social security, where most of the Arab experiences failed or did not succeed compared to many experiences in the emerging industrial countries.

This research addresses the reasons for this failure to achieve industrial development and its effects on economic and social development and contribute to solve the problem of unemployment in most Arab countries. It also contributes to find solutions for industrial development and social security through some proposals. The results of this study also confirmed the existence of policies focusing on the extractive industries, while the manufacturing industries should be interested in achieving industrial development, reducing the unemployment rate and advancing industrial development.

The statistical approach and the descriptive and analytical approach were adopted to approach and address the problem of unemployment in the Arab world, which is one of the highest in the world. In the research summary, the importance of investment in the field of manufacturing industries, which depends on the human density, so that the greatest possible number of job opportunities can be created, thus contributing to addressing this problem which threatens the security and stability of most Arab countries. Investment in the food industry, furniture industry and other light manufacturing industries can be a solution to the phenomenon of unemployment in the Arab world, in contrast to industries with a capital density associated with extractive industries.
The Mediating effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on the Organizational Justice and Organizational Performance in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise of China
Authors: Hisyam Selamat Mohamad , Wan Ran Guo
Published: August 2019

This study examined the factors that influencing small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs)’ performances with the mediating effect of organizational citizenship behavior in China. Its purpose is to motivate and improve the small and medium-sized enterprise’ performance. The examined factors were distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice. This study uses cross-sectional survey to verify the theoretical framework. The survey data in this study were collected from 251 employees of SMEs in China.The study result shows that distributive justice, interactional justice had significant influence on the organizational performance; distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice had significant influence on the organizational citizenship behavior; Meanwhile, procedural justice can influence organizational performance through the meditating role of organizational citizenship behavior. The results of this study could provide a development strategy for SMEs in China through the relationship organizational justice and organizational performance.
Monitoring of genetically close Tsaiya duck populations using novel microsatellite markers with high polymorphism
Authors: Lai Fang-Yu , Chang Yi-Ying , Chen Yi-Chen , Lin En-Chung , Liu Hsiu-Chou , Huang Jeng-Fang , Ding Shih-Torng , Wang Pei-Hwa
Published: August 2019

Objective: A set of microsatellite markers with high polymorphism from Tsaiya duck were used for the genetic monitoring and genetic structure analysis of Brown and White Tsaiya duck populations in Taiwan.Methods: The synthetic short tandem repeated probes were used to isolate new microsatellite markers from the genomic DNA of Tsaiya ducks. Eight populations, a total of 566 samples, sourced from Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute were genotyped through novel and known markers. The population genetic variables were calculated using optional programs in order to describe and monitor the genetic variability and the genetic structures of these Tsaiya duck populations.Results: In total 24 primer pairs, including 17 novel microsatellite loci from this study and seven previously known loci, were constructed for the detection of genetic variations in duck populations. The average values for the allele number, the effective number of alleles, the observed heterozygosity, the expected heterozygosity, and the polymorphism information content were 11.29, 5.370, 0.591, 0.746, and 0.708, respectively. The results of analysis of molecular variance and principal component analysis indicated a contracting Brown Tsaiya duck cluster and a spreading White Tsaiya duck cluster. The Brown Tsaiya ducks and the White Tsaiya ducks with Pekin ducks were just split to six clusters and three clusters when K was set equal to 6 and 3 in the Bayesian cluster analysis. The individual phylogenetic tree revealed eight taxa, and each individual was assigned to its own population.Conclusion: According to our study, the 24 novel microsatellite markers exhibited a high capacity to analyze relationships of inter- and intra-population in those populations with a relatively limited degree of genetic diversity. We suggest that duck farms in Taiwan could use the new (novel) microsatellite set to monitor the genetic characteristics and structures of their Tsaiya duck populations at various intervals in order to ensure quality breeding and conservation strategies.
MiR-126-3p inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation by targeting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 in porcine ovarian granulosa cells
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , He Yingting , Jiang Yao , He Bo , Deng Xi , Zhang Zhe , Yuan Xiaolong , Li Jiaqi
Published: August 2019

Objective: Numerous studies have indicated that the apoptosis and proliferation of granulosa cells (GCs) are closely related to the normal growth and development of follicles and ovaries. Previous evidence has suggested that miR-126-3p might get involved in the apoptosis and proliferation of GCs, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2) gene has been predicted as one target of miR-126-3p. However, the molecular regulation of miR-126-3p on PIK3R2 and the effects of PIK3R2 on porcine GCs apoptosis and proliferation remain virtually unexplored.Methods: In this study, using porcine GCs as a cellular model, luciferase report assay, mutation and deletion were applied to verify the targeting relationship between miR-126-3p and PIK3R2. Annexin-V/PI staining and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine assay were applied to explore the effect of PIK3R2 on GCs apoptosis and proliferation, respectively. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot were applied to explore the regulation of miR-126-3p on PIK3R2 expression.Results: We found that miR-126-3p targeted at PIK3R2 and inhibited its mRNA and protein expression. Knockdown of PIK3R2 significantly inhibited the apoptosis and promoted the proliferation of porcine GCs, and significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of several key genes of PI3K pathway such as insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), insulin receptor (INSR), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), and serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1).Conclusion: MiR-126-3p might target and inhibit the mRNA and protein expressions of PIK3R2, thereby inhibiting GC apoptosis and promoting GC proliferation by down-regulating several key genes of the PI3K pathway, IGF1R, INSR, PDK1, and AKT1. These findings would provide great insight into further exploring the molecular regulation of miR-126-3p and PIK3R2 on the functions of GCs during the folliculogenesis in female mammals.
Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens
Authors: Lee M. T. , Lin W. C. , Lin L. J. , Wang S. Y. , Chang S. C. , Lee T. T.
Published: August 2019

Objective: This study was investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product on modulation of antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broilers.Methods: Functional compounds and in vitro antioxidant capacity were detected in wheat bran (WB) solid-state fermented by Antrodia cinnamomea for 16 days (FAC). In animal experiment, 400 d-old broiler chickens were allotted into 5 groups fed control diet, and control diet replaced with 5% WB, 10% WB, 5% FAC, and 10% FAC respectively. Growth performance, intestinal microflora, serum antioxidant enzymes and fatty acid profiles in pectoral superficial muscle were measured.Results: Pretreatment with hot water extracted fermented product significantly reduced chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells death induced by lipopolysaccharide and 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. Birds received 5% and 10% FAC had higher weight gain than WB groups. Cecal coliform and lactic acid bacteria were diminished and increased respectively while diet replaced with FAC. For FAC supplemented groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased at 35 days only, with catalase elevated at 21 and 35 day. Regarding serum lipid parameters, 10% FAC replacement significantly reduced triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein level in chickens. For fatty acid composition in pectoral superficial muscle of 35-d-old chickens, 5% and 10% FAC inclusion had birds with significantly lower saturated fatty acids as compared with 10% WB group. Birds on the 5% FAC diet had a higher degree of unsaturation, followed by 10% FAC, control, 5% WB, and 10% WB.Conclusion: In conclusion, desirable intestinal microflora in chickens obtaining FAC may be attributed to the functional metabolites detected in final fermented product. Moreover, antioxidant effects observed in FAC were plausibly exerted in terms of improved antioxidant enzymes activities, increased unsaturated degree of fatty acids in chicken muscle and better weight gain in FAC inclusion groups, indicating that FAC possesses promising favorable mechanisms worthy to be developed.
Variations in the body surface temperature of sows during the post weaning period and its relation to subsequent reproductive performance
Authors: Weng Ruey-Chee
Published: August 2019

Objective: A study was made investigate factors affecting body surface temperature changes after weaning in sows, whether these can be used to aid detection of natural estrus and how they relate to subsequent reproductive performance.Methods: A total of 132 sows were selected during summer from a breeding farm, with mean parity of 3.6±2.3 and 28.5±0.9 days lactation length. Four daily measurements (6:00, 8:00, 16:00, and 18:00) of vulva (VST), udder (UST), ear base and central back skin temperatures for individual sows were taken by an infrared thermometer, continuing up to 8 days post weaning.Results: The VST obtained from sows showing estrus at 4 days post-weaning (4DPW), 5DPW, and 6DPW showed a peak at the fourth day post-weaning, but then started to decrease. The VST of sows not detected in standing heat (NDPW) remained at a lower level during the experiment, but UST was increased soon after weaning. The VST-UST temperature differences during daytime of sows that were showing behavioural standing heat on 4DPW, 5DPW, 6DPW, and 7DPW were 0.46°C±0.123°C, 0.71°C±0.124°C, 0.66°C ±0.171°C, and 0.58°C±0.223°C, respectively. The NDPW sows had the highest UST observed, but also the lowest VST so that a more negative value of temperature difference (–0.31°C) was seen during first few days post-weaning. A total of 119 sows were observed to show standing heat and were bred. The later the estrus, the smaller the litter size (p = 0.005).Conclusion: Sows which did not show behavior indicative of stable standing heat after weaning had a VST which remained at a lower level, but the UST increased soon after weaning. Therefore, for sow heat detection under field conditions, the changes of VST and UST and difference between the two should be considered together to increase the accuracy of detection.
Einführung in das deutsche Recht
Authors: Robbers Gerhard
Published: August 2019

Die „Einführung in das deutsche Recht“ stellt die für das Verständnis und die praktische Handhabung wesentlichen Gebiete und Grundfragen des deutschen Rechts dar. Studenten in den Anfangssemestern, ausländische Studierende und Praktiker sowie interessierte Laien finden hier einen Überblick und erste Informationen über die deutsche Rechtsordnung. Die Neuauflage berücksichtigt unter anderem das Gesetz zur Einführung der gleichgeschlechtlichen Ehe, des dritten Geschlechts „divers“ im Personenstandsrecht sowie die geänderten Beträge im Sozialrecht.
70th Meeting of the Association of Research Libraries
Authors: Cameron Donald F.
Published: August 2019

70th Meeting of the Association of Research Libraries
President’s Report, 1966/67
Authors: McCoy Ralph E.
Published: August 2019

President’s Report, 1966/67
Reseña de: Belmas, Élisabeth y Nonnis-Vigilante, Serenella (dir.): L’orchestration de la mort. Les funérailles, des temps modernes à l’époque contemporaine
Authors: Tantimonaco Silvia
Published: August 2019

El libro reseñado trata el tema de la gestión de los cuerpos muertos en las épocas moderna y contemporánea, y tiene un gran interés desde el punto de vista histórico, antropológico y sociológico.
El Corporativismo como praxis de la construcción del modelo político-estatista en Brasil de los años 1930-1945 = Corporativism as Praxis in the Construction of the National-Statistical Political Model in Brazil of the Years 1930-1945
Authors: Duarte Costaguta Gabriel
Published: August 2019

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de discutir la centralidad del corporativismo en Brasil –entendido como práctica política de sustentación de la reestructuración del Estado posterior a 1930, en la formación del nacional-estatismo, que se consolidó como uno de los más relevantes modelos de política de Estado del país. Con el fin de problematizar la historiografía referente al corporativismo brasileño, la que concentra su fuerza en identificar rupturas o permanencias del modelo corporativo de Estado, defenderemos la hipótesis de que el corporativismo, como conjunto de prácticas institucionalizadas y vía por la cual se estableció el diálogo entre trabajo-Estado-capital, contribuyócon la construcción del modelo político nacional-estatista en el primer período de Getulio Vargas en el poder, haciéndola una de las principales formas de pensar y actuar políticamente por medio del Estado a lo largo del período republicano brasileño.AbstractThis work has the purpose of discussing the centrality of corporativism in Brazil –understood as a political practice to sustain the restructuring of the State after 1930–, in the formation of national-statism, which it was consolidated as one of the most relevant models of State policy in this country. In order to problematize the historiography referring to Brazilian corporativism, the one that concentrates its strength in identifying ruptures or permanences of the corporative model of the State, we will defend the hypothesis that corporativism, as a set of institutionalized practices and through which the dialogue was established between the work-State-capital, contributed with the construction of the national-statist political model in the first period of Getulio Vargas in power, making it one of the main ways of thinking and acting politically through the State throughout the Brazilian republican period.
Raíces del Brasil y sus intérpretes, ochenta años después: una crítica historiográfica de la visión democrática y autoritaria de las interpretaciones del ensayo histórico = Roots of Brazil and its Analysts, Eighty Years after: a Historiographical Criticism of the Democratic and Authoritarian Vision about the Interpretations of the Historical Essay
Authors: Machado Bruno Daniel
Published: August 2019

Durante los últimos años, el libro Raíces del Brasil y su autor, Sergio Buarque de Holanda, inscripto en el canon del pensamiento social brasileño como uno de los principales intelectuales pensadores y articuladores de la nación, han recibido por parte de la historiografía aportes en una fortuna crítica que revisita su interpretación y destaca nuevas posibilidades de entender la revisión que el propio autor realizó a partir de la segunda edición del texto, aspecto que, hasta ese momento, estaba al margen de los argumentos políticos movilizados por sus intérpretes de ciencias sociales. Formando parte de ese conjunto de nuevas investigaciones, este artículo tiene el objetivo principal de discutir la producción historiográfico-política contemporánea que se dedica a explicar los cambios introducidos en Raíces del Brasil, problematizando las clasificaciones del texto de acuerdo con las visiones políticas liberal-democráticas, radical-democráticas y, más recientemente, de lecturas que le atribuyen posturas que se aproximan al conservador-autoritarismo de los años 1930.AbstractSérgio Buarque de Holanda, author of Roots of Brazil, has been interpreted by his critics as one of main intellectual thinkers of the proccess to brazilian national construction. During the last years, his critical fortune revisited the book to start a reevaluation of its political message. In this perspective, the analysts emphasized the need to analyze the author’s revision after the second edition of the text, an aspect that, until that moment, was outside the political arguments mobilized by its interpreters of social sciences. As a part of this set of new research, this article has the main objective of discussing the contemporary historiographic-political production that is dedicated to explain changes made in Roots of Brazil, in order to problematize the classifications of the text according to liberal-democratic political visions, radical-democratic or, more recently, readings that attribute positions that approach the conservative-authoritarianism of the 1930s.We intend to show that proposing an explanation of the reasons that guided the revision of the original 1936 version of this classic text requires advancing beyond the orbit of political arguments, since, rather than defining the essence of its original edition and thinking in the possibility of defining also its revised and «final» versions, what matters, above all, is to understand the logic of the movement that this revision gave to the construction of the discourse that emanates from it, once it is considered one of the key texts to interpret this country.
Desde el cuartel Terranova al Parque por la Paz Villa Grimaldi. Memorias y testimonios = Testimonies and Memories in Villa Grimaldi’s Trajectory
Authors: Maceira Ochoa Luz
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo analiza el lugar del testimonio y la construcción de memorias en la trayectoria de memorialización del que fuera el cuartel Terranova durante la dictadura en Chile, hoy Parque por la Paz Villa Grimaldi. El objetivo del recorrido propuesto es iluminar distintos procesos sociales en los que se configuran condiciones materiales y simbólicas para la construcción de un sitio de memoria. En el análisis se destacan la dimensión y los usos públicos de los testimonios de las personas que estuvieron secuestradas en el cuartel, y su constitución como una voz/actor social –o como varias voces/actores sociales- en las luchas por la memoria y en el esclarecimiento de la historia. La reflexión identifica el uso estratégico de los testimonios por actores insertos en un contexto en el que inciden y por el que son, a su vez, afectados.AbstractThe article analyses the role of the construction of memories and testimony in the memorialization process of the former Terranova barracks, in what is now the Villa Grimaldi Park for Peace. The purpose of this review is to shed light on different social processes which shaped the material and symbolic conditions affecting the construction of a memory site. The analysis highlights the public dimension and uses of the testimonies of survivors, and how they become social voices and agents engaged in the struggle over memory and history. The paper addresses the strategic use of testimonies by social agents entangled in a context they affect and by which they are affected.
Introducción dossier = Dossier Introduction
Authors: De Lima Grecco Gabriela , Aronne de Abreu Luciano
Published: August 2019

N hay resumen.
Effects of Post–Isometric Relaxation on Ankle Plantarflexion and Timed Flutter Kick in Pediatric Competitive Swimmers
Authors: Noto-Bell Lauren , Vogel Brittany N. , Senn Danielle E.
Published: August 2019

Context

Ankle plantarflexion is thought to play an important role in swimming performance; thus, coaches and swimmers often seek ways to increase range of motion (ROM) in the ankles.

Objective

To assess whether osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), specifically applying the muscle energy technique (MET) principle of post–isometric relaxation, increases ankle plantarflexion and therefore improves swimming performance.

Methods

Healthy young male and female competitive swimmers were randomly assigned to either a control, sham, or MET group. At baseline, ankle plantarflexion was measured via goniometer, and a 25-yard flutter kick swim with a kickboard was timed. After receiving the ascribed intervention, the ankle plantarflexion measurements and timed flutter kick were repeated. The initial plantarflexion measurement was retrospectively used to determine the presence of somatic dysfunction, by way of restricted motion, with reference to expected normal ranges based on age and gender. Paired t tests were used to analyze the pre- to postintervention changes in ROM and flutter kick speed within each group.

Results

Fifty-five swimmers (32 girls and 23 boys; mean age, 12 years) participated in this study. Sixteen participants were in the control group, 17 in the sham group, and 22 in the MET intervention group. Among participants with restricted ROM, those in the MET group showed a statistically significant increase in ankle plantarflexion for the left and right ankles (P=.041 and P=.011, respectively). There was no significant difference in ROM of the control or sham groups. For flutter kick speed, there was no significant pre- to postintervention difference in any group.

Conclusion

Although a single application of MET, using post–isometric relaxation, on participants with restricted ROM immediately significantly increased swimmers’ ROM for bilateral ankle plantarflexion, it did not immediately improve their swimming performance.
Introduction to Clerkship: Bridging the Gap Between Preclinical and Clinical Medical Education
Authors: Butts Christopher A. , Speer Jacqueline J. , Brady John J. , Stephenson Ryan J. , Langenau Erik , DiTomasso Robert , Fresa Kerin , Becker Michael , Sesso Arthur
Published: August 2019

Background

Despite a diverse range of curricular advancements to address the difficult transition from classroom learning to clinical training during medical education, hurdles persist. A 4-week course was designed at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM) to make this transition easier.

Objectives

To determine whether PCOM students’ comfort and preparedness increased after taking a 4-week clinical transition course before third-year clinical clerkships, and to determine whether faculty perceptions of student preparedness and comfort were improved after participation in the course compared with previous third-year students.

Methods

Second-year osteopathic medical students at PCOM participated in a 4-week course, Introduction to Clinical Clerkship (I2C). The course included 16 small-group exercises, which all took place before students began their third-year clerkship rotations. The exercises in the course extended beyond the skills learned during their classroom years. Students were given a pre- and postcourse survey to evaluate their comfort level with 58 different aspects of clinical practice. Participating faculty were surveyed to evaluate their perception of student preparedness and comfort compared with previous third-year students who had not undergone the exercise.

Results

After completing the I2C course, third-year osteopathic medical students (n=232) reported increased comfort with 57 of the 58 learning objectives and each of the 5 coded clinical competency areas (patient assessment, effective communication, hospital logistics, procedural skills, and core knowledge) (P<.01). Preceptors reported that students who completed the I2C course were more prepared (54.5%) and more comfortable (63.4%) with clinical duties, as compared with their recollections of previous third-year osteopathic medical students.

Conclusion

Within the 5 competencies, students on average felt more comfortable and were perceived by faculty as better prepared than previous students who had not taken the I2C course. The establishment of a preclinical transition exercise appears to help bridge the gap between the preclinical and clinical years. This learning model allows medical students to feel both more comfortable and better prepared throughout the transition from classroom learning to clinical rotations.
Intriguing Mixed Pathologic Features in a Case of Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Authors: Balin Brian J. , Hammond Christine J. , Galluzzi Katherine E.
Published: August 2019

Neuropathologic confirmation of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) involves labeling cytoplasmic Lewy body inclusions for α-synuclein in cortical and subcortical neurons. The authors studied the postmortem brain of a 78-year-old man who had a diagnosis of DLB by exclusion. The patient had symptoms ascribed to DLB that included fluctuating cognitive changes in attention and executive function with progression to dementia, visual hallucinations, and parkinsonism. Sections from the olfactory bulbs and cortical and subcortical regions were stained with periodic acid-Schiff, as well as immunolabeled with antibodies specific for α-synuclein, tau protein, β-amyloid 1-42, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Most regions demonstrated mixed neuropathologic features, and α-synuclein was notable in Lewy bodies in the amygdala and hippocampus. Periodic acid-Schiff–positive staining was noted in bodies in the amygdala and olfactory bulbs. In this case of DLB, neuropathologic inclusions were consistent with the disease diagnosis, but also with Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, such as polyglucosan body disease.
Evaluation of Different Nutritional and Soil Sources Fertilizers on the Early Growth of Moringa oleifera (Lam)
Authors: Ojo M. O.
Published: August 2019

In any plantation establishment programme there should be adequate number of healthy seedlings and this depends on the nutrition and care given to them at the nursery stage. Pot experiment was conducted to assess the response of Moringa oleifera (Lam) seedlings to different soil and nutritional sources at nursery stage. One hundred seeds were obtained from Centre for Environmental Renewable Resources Research and Development (CENRAD) Ibadan, Nigeria and sown in germination trays. Seed germination was completed between 10-15 days, 36 uniformly growing seedlings were transplanted into polythene pots of size 29×25 cm and were filled  with different soil sources at 500 gm (arable) soil, forest reserve soil and natural forest mixed with nutritional sources of the same ratio (10 gm) i.e. poultry manure, cow dung and N.P.K 15.15.15.  The experiment was factorial arranged in a completely randomized design. Result showed that  pots with natural forest soil mixed with 10 gm N.P.K (s3f3) produced seedlings with highest value In plant height (76.30 cm), stem diameter (3.47 mm) and number of branches (10.00) which was significantly different (p< 0.01) from the other treatments. The least value in plant height (30.70 cm) stem diameter (1.50 mm) and number of branches (3.3) were recorded in pots with forest reserve soil mixed with cow dung (s2f2). Interaction effect of soil and nutritional sources were significant for all the growth parameters assessed (p<0.01). Results showed that Natural forest soils treated with N.P.K 15.15.15 could be employed in raising Moringa oleifera seedlings at nursery stage for optimum performance.
NARRATIVE OVERLAPPING IN SPATIAL TRAJECTORIES: EXPLORING THE PRODUCTION OF SPACE WITHIN THE EVERYDAY
Authors: Nugroho Nurseto , Yatmo Yandi Andri , Atmodiwirjo Paramita
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses the production of space inside everyday using the narrative lens in architecture. The narrative in everyday is referred to as spatial trajectories. The study explores the spatial trajectories by analysing the story from a novel in order to identify the process of production of space within the everyday narrative. The inquiry results suggest that what is important in the production of space process is the bridge formed by the spatial trajectories. The more bridges that are present means, the more spatial trajectories are involved. It becomes important to consider the overlapping between spatial trajectories that occur in that space because it indicates various kinds of narratives involved.
Biochemical pathway for the biosynthesis of the CuA center in bacterial cytochrome c oxidase
Authors: Canonica Fabia , Hennecke Hauke , Glockshuber Rudi
Published: August 2019

The di‐copper center CuA is an essential metal cofactor in cytochrome oxidase (Cox) of mitochondria and many prokaryotes, mediating one‐electron transfer from cytochrome c to the site for oxygen reduction. CuA is located in subunit II (CoxB) of Cox and protrudes into the periplasm of Gram‐negative bacteria or the mitochondrial intermembrane space. How the two copper ions are brought together to build CoxB·CuA is the subject of this review. It had been known that the reductase TlpA and the metallochaperones ScoI and PcuC are required for CuA formation in bacteria, but the mechanism of copper transfer has emerged only recently for the Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens system. It consists of the following steps: (a) TlpA keeps the active site cysteine pair of CoxB in its dithiol state as a prerequisite for metal insertion; (b) ScoI·Cu2+ rapidly forms a transient complex with apo‐CoxB; (c) PcuC, loaded with Cu1+ and Cu2+, dissociates this complex to CoxB·Cu2+, and a second PcuC·Cu1+·Cu2+ transfers Cu1+ to CoxB·Cu2+, yielding mature CoxB·CuA. Variants of this pathway might exist in other bacteria or mitochondria.
Membrane‐Free Detection of Metal Cations with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor
Authors: Wustoni Shofarul , Combe Craig , Ohayon David , Akhtar Mahmood Hassan , McCulloch Iain , Inal Sahika
Published: August 2019

Alkali‐metal ions, particularly sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+), are the messengers of living cells, governing a cascade of physiological processes through the action of ion channels. Devices that can monitor, in real time, the concentrations of these cations in aqueous media are in demand not only for the study of cellular machinery, but also to detect conditions in the human body that lead to electrolyte imbalance. In this work, conducting polymers are developed that respond rapidly and selectively to varying concentrations of Na+ and K+ in aqueous media. These polymer films, bearing crown‐ether‐functionalized thiophene units specific to either Na+ or K+, generate an electrical output proportional to the cation type and concentration. Using electropolymerization, the ion‐selective polymers are integrated as the gate electrode of an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT). The OECT current changes with respect to the concentration of the ion to which the polymer electrode is selective. Designed as a single, miniaturized chip, the OECT enables the selective detection of the cations within a physiologically relevant range. These electrochemical ion sensors require neither ion‐selective membranes nor a reference electrode to operate and have the potential to surpass existing technologies for the detection of alkali‐metal ions in aqueous media.
Design of Ultrastiff Organosilicate Hybrid Glasses
Authors: Kilic Karsu I. , Dauskardt Reinhold H.
Published: August 2019

Hyperconnected hybrid organosilicate glass networks formed by hyperstiff precursor molecules with certain geometrical characteristics can lead to exceptional elastic properties superior to that of fully dense silica. Carbon‐ and silicon‐containing precursors with defined molecular planarity are introduced and a new design strategy where both the network connectivity and the precursor geometry are effectively utilized to enhance elastic properties is proposed. The geometrical features rendering a precursor molecule as hyperstiff are identified through molecular dynamics simulations and constraint analyses by calculating the degree of nonaffine deformations. Nonaffine deformations have not been previously examined for organosilicate hybrid glass networks and are a fundamental new approach to reveal the combined impact of precursor geometry and connectivity on the mechanical behavior of hybrid glass networks.