bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning architecture “LightOCT” for diagnostic decision support using optical coherence tomography images of biological samples
Authors: Butola Ankit , Prasad Dilip K. , Ahmad Azeem , Dubey Vishesh , Qaiser Darakhshan , Srivastava Anurag , Senthilkumaran Paramasivam , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh , Mehta Dalip Singh
Published: July 2020

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is being increasingly adopted as a label-free and non-invasive technique for biomedical applications such as cancer and ocular disease diagnosis. Diagnostic information for these tissues is manifest in textural and geometric features of the OCT images, which are used by human expertise to interpret and triage. However, it suffers delays due to the long process of the conventional diagnostic procedure and shortage of human expertise. Here, a custom deep learning architecture, LightOCT, is proposed for the classification of OCT images into diagnostically relevant classes. LightOCT is a convolutional neural network with only two convolutional layers and a fully connected layer, but it is shown to provide excellent training and test results for diverse OCT image datasets. We show that LightOCT provides 98.9% accuracy in classifying 44 normal and 44 malignant (invasive ductal carcinoma) breast tissue volumetric OCT images. Also, >96% accuracy in classifying public datasets of ocular OCT images as normal, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema. Additionally, we show ∼96% test accuracy for classifying retinal images as belonging to choroidal neovascularization, diabetic macular edema, drusen, and normal samples on a large public dataset of more than 100,000 images. The performance of the architecture is compared with transfer learning based deep neural networks. Through this, we show that LightOCT can provide significant diagnostic support for a variety of OCT images with sufficient training and minimal hyper-parameter tuning. The trained LightOCT networks for the three-classification problem will be released online to support transfer learning on other datasets.
Evaluating β-amyloidosis progression in Alzheimer’s disease with Mueller polarimetry
Authors: Borovkova Mariia , Bykov Alexander , Popov Alexey , Pierangelo Angelo , Novikova Tatiana , Pahnke Jens , Meglinski Igor
Published: July 2020

We applied the wide-field Mueller imaging polarimetry for the screening of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of mouse brain tissue at different stages of brain β-amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits throughout the brain tissue is one of the key pathological hallmarks observed with the AD progression. We demonstrate that the presence of Aβ plaques influences the properties of backscattered polarized light, in particular, its degree of depolarization. By means of statistical analysis, we demonstrate that the high-order statistical moments of depolarization distributions, acquired with the multi-spectral Mueller imaging polarimetry, can be used as sensitive markers of the growing presence of Aβ plaques. The introduced label-free polarimetric approach has a potential to facilitate the current practice of the histopathology screening in terms of diagnosis accuracy, time and cost efficiency.
Proposal for an integrated silicon-photonics terahertz gas detector using photoacoustics
Authors: Verstuyft Mattias , Akiki Elias , Walter Benjamin , Faucher Marc , Lampin Jean-François , Vanwolleghem Mathias , Kuyken Bart
Published: July 2020

A design and multiphysical model is presented for an on-chip gas sensor that transduces terahertz gas absorption through sound generation into a mechanical motion that can be read out externally. The signal is triply enhanced by designing a structure that functions simultaneously as an optical, an acoustical and a mechanical resonator. The structure is made in high-resistivity silicon and can be fabricated using CMOS and MEMS fabrication technologies. The sensor is a purely passive element, so an external THz source and read-out are required. The chip has a footprint of 3 mm2. A detection limit of 234 ppb of methanol for a source power of 1 mW and an integration time of 1 ms is predicted.
Coded coherent diffraction imaging with reduced binary modulations and low-dynamic-range detection
Authors: Li Meng , Bian Liheng , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2020

Conventional coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) suffers from inherent phase retrieval ambiguity due to limited intensity-only measurements. Coded illumination with multiple modulations has been introduced to tackle the underdetermination challenge, which however slows down imaging speed. In addition, the required high-dynamic-range acquisition at the Fourier plane is also time consuming. To increase imaging speed, we report an accelerated coded CDI method in this Letter. It requires only three binarized intensity patterns to illuminate the full field, which can be implemented at

∼

22

kHz

using a digital micromirror device. Each diffraction pattern at the Fourier plane is acquired in a single shot without high-dynamic-range synthesis, resulting in three intensity-only images corrupted with underexposed pixels. We develop an adaptive phase retrieval algorithm to adaptively remove the negative influence of underexposure and recover both the object’s amplitude and phase. Both simulations and experiments validate that the method enables fast and high-fidelity complex-field imaging.
Die Komposition personennaher Dienstleistungen von morgen
Authors: Lattemann Christoph , Robra-Bissantz Susanne , Ziegler Christoph
Published: July 2020

Nach den anhaltenden Erfolgen der Digitalisierung in der Industrie und im Sektor industrienaher Dienstleistungen in den vergangenen Jahren, die unter dem Schlagwort der Industrie 4.0 zu verzeichnen sind, erfolgt nun eine Verlagerung der Schwerpunktsetzung auf die Digitalisierung personennaher Dienstleistungen (PDL). PDL zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie Werte am Menschen und/oder für den Menschen schaffen. Sie kommen in allen Bereichen und Sektoren vor, in denen menschliche Interaktionen stattfinden, also nicht nur im privaten oder sozialen Bereichen, sondern auch im unternehmerischen Kontext. PDL müssen grundsätzlich an den menschlichen Bedürfnissen und Erfahrungen von Nutzern ausgerichtet sein. Dies unterscheidet sie von industriellen Produkten und Dienstleistungen, deren Entwicklung häufig durch techno-ökonomische Kriterien getrieben ist. Deswegen sind die Entwicklung und Digitalisierung von PDL auch nicht mit den bekannten Innovationsmethoden und dem grundsätzlichen Wertschöpfungsverständnis aus der Industrie 4.0 und auch nicht mit dem klassischen Konsumgütermarketing vereinbar.

In diesem Grundlagenartikel zeigen wir die Entwicklungstendenzen von PDL in Zeiten der Digitalisierung auf. Exemplarisch beleuchten wir einige, durch Megatrends getriebene und durch die Corona-Krise verstärkte, gesellschaftliche Veränderungen und daraus resultierende Konsum- und Lebensstile, die wiederum die Bedürfnisse nach PDL beeinflussen. Die sich hieraus ergebenden Konsequenzen für Unternehmen werden dargestellt.

Aus den Charakteristika PDL und den theoretischen Überlegungen der Service-dominierten Logik leiten wir sieben pragmatische Prinzipien für einen notwendigen Wandel in der unternehmerischen Grundausrichtung ab und beschreiben beispielhaft eine Innovationsmethode, sowie eine Methode zur Entwicklung von Geschäftsmodellen, die eine ganzheitliche Komposition von PDL reflektiert.

Dieser Artikel bietet Praktikern Leitplanken zur Navigation durch ein neues Terrain der PDL. Für die Wissenschaft wollen wir mit diesem Artikel die Diskussion über die Entwicklung digital-unterstützter PDL eröffnen.
Emerging Role of Syndecans in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Cancer
Authors: Jang Bohee , Kim Ayoung , Hwang Jisun , Song Hyun-Kuk , Kim Yunjeon , Oh Eok-Soo
Published: July 2020

The extracellular matrix (ECM) offers a structural basis for regulating cell functions while also acting as a collection point for bioactive molecules and connective tissue cells. To perform pathological functions under a pathological condition, the involved cells need to regulate the ECM to support their altered functions. This is particularly common in the development of cancer. The ECM has been recognized as a key driver of cancer development and progression, and ECM remodeling occurs at all stages of cancer progression. Thus, cancer cells need to change the ECM to support relevant cell surface adhesion receptor–mediated cell functions. In this context, it is interesting to examine how cancer cells regulate ECM remodeling, which is critical to tumor malignancy and metastatic progression. Here, we review how the cell surface adhesion receptor, syndecan, regulates ECM remodeling as cancer progresses, and explore how this can help us better understand ECM remodeling under these pathological conditions
Communications via the Small Leucine-rich Proteoglycans: Molecular Specificity in Inflammation and Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Zeng-Brouwers Jinyang , Pandey Sony , Trebicka Jonel , Wygrecka Malgorzata , Schaefer Liliana
Published: July 2020

Inflammation is a highly regulated biological response of the immune system that is triggered by assaulting pathogens or endogenous alarmins. It is now well established that some soluble extracellular matrix constituents, such as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), can act as danger signals and trigger aseptic inflammation by interacting with innate immune receptors. SLRP inflammatory signaling cascade goes far beyond its canonical function. By choosing specific innate immune receptors, coreceptors, and adaptor molecules, SLRPs promote a switch between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling, thereby determining disease resolution or chronification. Moreover, by orchestrating signaling through various receptors, SLRPs fine-tune inflammation and, despite their structural homology, regulate inflammatory processes in a molecule-specific manner. Hence, the overarching theme of this review is to highlight the molecular and functional specificity of biglycan-, decorin-, lumican-, and fibromodulin-mediated signaling in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases
Analysis of the Glycosaminoglycan Chains of Proteoglycans
Authors: Song Yuefan , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J.
Published: July 2020

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous, negatively charged, macromolecules that are found in animal tissues. Based on the form of component sugar, GAGs have been categorized into four different families: heparin/heparan sulfate, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and hyaluronan. GAGs engage in biological pathway regulation through their interaction with protein ligands. Detailed structural information on GAG chains is required to further understanding of GAG–ligand interactions. However, polysaccharide sequencing has lagged behind protein and DNA sequencing due to the non-template-driven biosynthesis of glycans. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the analysis of GAG chains, specifically focusing on techniques related to mass spectroscopy (MS), including separation techniques coupled to MS, tandem MS, and bioinformatics software for MS spectrum interpretation. Progress in the use of other structural analysis tools, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and hyphenated techniques, is included to provide a comprehensive perspective.
Parménides y la concepción ante-predicativa de la verdad
Authors: Cordero Néstor-Luis
Published: July 2020

Platón sostiene que, para confirmar que el sofista es un fabricante de ilusiones (Sph.262d8), hay que refutar la tesis de Parménides que afirma que sólo existe – según Platón lo interpreta – el ser absoluto. Muy probablemente un eco de esta tesis se encuentre en Antístenes, a quien Platón parece aludir en el Sofista, para quien “lo que es, es verdadero”. Esta concepción de la verdad se conoce como “ante-predicativa” u ontológica, y, según Heidegger, sería originaria. No es así. Desde Homero y hasta Parménides, la verdad (o falsedad) fue siempre atribuida a un discurso o a un pensamiento, jamás a un ente. La concepción “ante-predicativa” de la verdad fue una creación de la filosofía, que probablemente comenzó con Parménides y continuó con Antístenes. Cuando Platón la refuta, en la segunda parte del Sofista, no hace sino regresar al pasado, pues hace del discurso el “lugar” de la verdad.
Aprisionando espíritos e fazendo imagens: por uma cosmopolítica das imagens Kaiowá
Authors: De Farias Iulik Lomba , Grünewald Leif
Published: July 2020

O artigo ora apresentado tem por objetivo desenvolver reflexões entorno da relação que cineastas Kaiowá do Cone Sul de Mato Grosso do Sul, estabelecem com as imagens (ta`anga), suas conexões com a cosmologia e regimes de xamanismo. A partir da identificação de agentes cosmopolíticos imbricados nas redes de relacionalidade manejadas por intermédio das imagens, teceremos mosaicos relacionais mobilizados entre as ta'anga e os sujeitos humanos e não-humanos, para vislumbrarmos a noção de imagem sustentada pelo pensamento Kaiowá. Em nossa hipótese, o exercício contínuo de conceituação do que viria a ser uma imagem por parte dos cineastas em questão, podem ser elucidados por agenciamentos cosmopolíticos que balizam ontologicamente os filmes realizados por eles, e propõem interconexões entre realidades simultâneas, que evidenciam a complexidade agentiva das imagens no multiverso desses cineastas.
Derivas da ecogovernamentalidade: cartografando contradispositivos espácio-temporais e máquinas estéticas
Authors: Inocêncio Adalberto Ferdnando
Published: July 2020

Concebendo a internet como tecnologia de época, buscaram-se materialidades discursivas que pudessem ser entendidos como estéticas da existência, no que diz respeito às relações que se empreende com o meio ambiente no tempo presente. O objetivo central foi o de colocar em evidência quais tecnologias estão em jogo na experimentação de práticas de liberdade. Adotou-se a cartografia como pistas de um método que responde por processos e, no recorte analítico considerado, são discutidos os contradispositivos espácio-temporais e as máquinas estéticas, reconhecidas na materialidade discursiva presente nas obras dos artistas brasileiros Roberta Carvalho e Eduardo Srur. Lidas como territórios existenciais, as obras se constituem por narrativas que escapam de ecologias policialescas e normativas incitadas pela ecogovernamentalidade.
No encontro com as imagens, aprender com artes: máquinas de pensar através da pele na cultura visual
Authors: De Oliveira Thiago Ranniery Moreira , Ravanello Letícia Da Silva
Published: July 2020

Este artigo percorre a seguinte questão de investigação: o que a aprendizagem se torna quando se está produzindo imagens em práticas pedagógicas na escola? Ao mobilizar ideias-força da filosofia da diferença de Gilles Deleuze e da perspectiva da cultura visual, explora as conexões e reverberações mútuas entre produção de imagens e aprendizagem no ensino de Arte. Para tanto, a cartografia foi com um trabalho de investigação filosófica associada a experiência de uma das autoras com produção de fotografias com jovens no Ensino Médio. O argumento principal defende deslocamento da imagem como representação e propõe a imagem como máquina do pensar. Apostamos, assim, que aprendizagem e pensamento se imbricam nas sensações e adotamos a postura de tratar a imagem como máquina do pensar através da pele. Aprender, portanto, é proporcionar ao corpo sentir a alteridade com e das imagens.

Palavras-chave: Imagem, Cultura Visual, Aprendizagem.
O corpo trans como corpo-imagem-andarilho: resistência, contestação e desestabilização nos / dos cotidianos escolares
Authors: Nolasco-Silva Leonardo , Vieira Ana Letícia
Published: July 2020

O texto tem como proposta apresentar e discutir algumas cenas e narrativas de nossas pesquisas realizadas em espaços-tempos educativos (educação básica e ensino superior) que nos ajudarão a pensar o corpo como imagem que se dá ao consumo, corpo-tela que informa possibilidades e limites, que expande e atrofia a existência em constantes processos de negociação. Trataremos do corpo trans nos cotidianos escolares e dos efeitos que ele produz como imagem-provocação a denunciar a arbitrariedade de qualquer outro corpo-imagem que se pretenda natural. Os corpos trans ocupam os cotidianos escolares, produzindo lutas-resistências tornando possível denunciar o mecanismo de produção desses corpos provocando suspeitas e fissuras nas normas, assim como nas políticas-práticas curriculares.
Pharmacological Importance of Sage and Oregano
Authors: Khan Nida Tabassum
Published: July 2020

Sage and Oregano, both are well-known culinary herbs with potential medicinal uses. Sage is mostly used to cease wounds bleeding, treating sores, swelling, cough and ulcers back in the first century and was called as the fertility drug since it reduces excessive bleeding during menstruation. On the other hand Oregano was found to be effective in treating stomach discomforts, bacterial/fungal infection, inflammatory bowel disease etc. Therefore due to their therapeutic and native applications, Sage and Oregano is of high economic worth.
Bacteriological Quality of Groundwater in Imiringi Town, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Seiyaboh Enetimi Idah , Youkparigha Felix Okponanabofa , Izah Sylvester Chibueze , Daniels Ikpilavi Deborah
Published: July 2020

This study evaluated the bacteriological quality of groundwater from Imiringi in Ogbia Local government area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Groundwater samples were obtained in triplicates from four locations in the study area and analyzed for the bacteria quality using standard protocols. Results showed that the microbial density ranged from 2.97 – 6.03 x 104 cfu/ml (for total heterotrophic bacteria counts), 4.17 – 5.43 x 102 cfu/ml (for Enterobacteriaceae bacteria counts) and 0.00 – 1.48 x 102 cfu/ml (for Salmonella-Shigella counts). Statistically, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) across the various locations for each of the parameters. The density observed were higher than the allowable limit of 1.0 x 102 cfu/ml for drinking water as recommended by World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization, and maximum permissible level of 10cfu/ml for total coliform as specified by Standard Organization of Nigeria. The prevalence of bacteria isolated in the water samples were Aeromonas species (8.00%), Citrobacter species (7.50%), Escherichiacoli (20.75%), Klebsiella species (5.50%), Pseudomonas species (12.00%), Salmonella species (2.25%), Shigella species (3.25%) and Staphylococcus species (40.75%). From the bacteria density and diversity, the water is not potable. Some of the bacterial found are of public health importance. Hence, there is a need to adequately treat the water using chlorination and boiling techniques before drinking.
Biting Behaviour of The Filarial Vector Mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say,in an Urban Area
Authors: Rani G Elizabeth , A Surendran , A.J Thatheyus
Published: July 2020

Mosquitoes depend on blood meal for the development of their eggs into offsprings. By knowing the biting behaviour of mosquitoes, we may control mosquito-borne diseases and manage the mosquitoe menace successfully. The present study has been designed to study the biting behaviour of the filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India from July to November 2006. This period was selected as mosquitoes are prevalent during this rainy season. Biting was more during September, October and November and the maximum of 28 caught/man/hour was recorded in November. It is predominantly an exophilic biter, but biting was also noticed as maximum inside the house during July in the study. The density of the biting population in the first floor was more than that of the second floor, which indicated the existence of vertical stratification in the biting behaviour of Cx quinquefasciatus.
Geometria de Laguerre e hipersuperfícies de Dupin com curvaturas de Laguerre constantes em Rn+1
Authors: Caixeta Fernanda Alves , Rodrigues Luciana Maria Dias de Ávila
Published: July 2020

Neste trabalho, apresentamos os resultados estudados em Caixeta e Rodrigues [4]. Inicialmente, estudamos a geometria das esferas orientadas em Rn+1 tendo como base o trabalho de Cecil [1], e a geometria de Laguerre no espaço Euclidiano, de acordo com o artigo de Li e Wang [6]. Posteriormente, considerando Mn ⊂ Rn+1 uma hipersuperfície orientável com r curvaturas principais distintas (r ≥ 3) e não nulas, apresentamos uma caracterização obtida por Li e Wang [7], em termos dos invariantes de Laguerre, das hipersuperfícies de Dupin com curvaturas de Laguerre constantes. Apresentamos ainda o resultado de classificação das hipersuperfícies de Dupin com curvaturas de Laguerre constantes proposto por Li e Wang [7], que consiste em mostrar que uma hipersuperfície de Dupin com curvaturas de Laguerre constantes é Laguerre equivalente a uma hipersuperfície isoparamétrica de Laguerre plana. Em um contexto um pouco diferente do até então estudado, considerando uma hipersuperfície de Dupin própria em Rn+1, que admite um sistema de coordenadas principais com n curvaturas principais distintas e não nulas, Cezana e Tenenblat [2] apresentaram uma caracterização das hipersuperfícies de Dupin em Rn+1, n ≥ 3, com todas as curvaturas principais distintas e curvaturas de Laguerre constantes, que admite uma parametrização por linhas de curvatura, em termos de seus raios de curvatura e de sua primeira forma fundamental. Assim, utilizando esse resultado, Cezana e Tenenblat [2] apresentaram explicitamente todas essas hipersuperfícies que possuem curvaturas de Laguerre constantes.
Ciências e matemática do sol e do gnômon
Authors: Salvador José Antonio
Published: July 2020

Neste trabalho buscamos direcionar o processo de ensino-aprendizado de alguns conceitos matemáticos básicos por meio de observações simples do mundo em que vivemos.Por exemplo, as observações que foram feitas antes mesmo de Galileu, que apontou o primeiro telescópio para o céu há mais de 400 anos, inaugurando uma nova era na ciência. Algumas delas, como as investigações da projeção da sombra solar de um gnômon, experiências de observação da direção e tamanho da sombra para determinar o meridiano local, a construção da rosa dos ventos, medição de alturas e tamanhos de objetos inacessíveis, da circunferência da Terra, construção de relógios de sol, etc. pode motivar professores e estudantes a entender os movimentos da Terra e a importância do Sol e do seu carater multidisciplinar, gerando gosto nos estudantes pelas descobertas da ciência e da matemática. A reprodução desses experimentos pode contribuir para o aprendizado de medidas, ângulos, distâncias, bissetrizes, paralelismo, perpendicularismo, circunferência, triângulo, semelhança, regra de três, trigonometria, etc. A nossa proposta está alinhada com as competências, habilidades e eixos norteadores apontados pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular sugerindo a articulação entre as áreas do conhecimento, no que tange à representação, comunicação, pesquisa, entendimento e contexto sociocultural.
Bakhtin e Chico Buarque em diálogo no contexto escolar
Authors: De Carvalho Letícia Queiroz , Dias Pitta Rodrigo Gonçalves
Published: July 2020

O texto em tela pretende abordar os conceitos bakhtinianos de dialogismo, polifonia e carnavalização (Bakhtin 1997, 2002, 2013, 2014) em consonância com os escritos de Geraldi (2013), Freitas (2013) e Kraemer (2013), que apontaram a aplicabilidade da arquitetura bakhtiniana no contexto escolar. Para esse fim, apresentamos a possibilidade de um trabalho dialógico com as crônicas musicais de Chico Buarque como forma de estimular a leitura crítica dos alunos e sua responsividade, subvertendo as relações hierárquicas na sala de aula, configurando um processo de carnavalização. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho pretende constituir-se como subsídio teórico-metodológico para os professores de língua portuguesa da educação básica.
A relação entre linguagem e identidade sob uma perspectiva dialógica
Authors: Bastos Rafael Lira Gomes , Ribeiro Pollyanne Bicalho
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar que o dialogismo é o princípio constitutivo da relação entre linguagem e identidade, levando em consideração a perspectiva da Linguística Aplicada na busca em estabelecer mecanismos teórico-metodológicos que possam sustentar a identidade como uma representação advinda da prática discursiva. Nossa contribuição advém da interface entre os estudos da Teoria Dialógica do Discurso (BAKHTIN/VOLOCHÍNOV, 2006; BAKHTIN, 1997; BAKHTIN, 1981) com a teoria das representações identitárias (RIBEIRO, 2017; ORR, 2007; MARKOVÁ, 2007) e as relações de alteridade na sua constituição. Acreditamos ser possível estabelecer tais relações na busca da (re)interpretação do conceito de identidade social em uma perspectiva dialógica de linguagem, sustentando a tese de que as representações identitárias são (re)construídas discursivamente e (re)veladas enunciativamente.
Reflexão linguística e interpretação textual no ENEM
Authors: Piske Gabriela , Veloso Luiene da Silva
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as questões de reflexão linguística e interpretação textual da prova de Linguagens, códigos e suas tecnologias do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), verificando se há consonância entre o construto da prova e a Matriz de Referência (MR). Com este estudo, pode-se perceber que há no exame itens que avaliam o conhecimento de forma segmentada, sem estabelecer relação entre conteúdos (MCNAMARA, 1996), um tipo de testagem que pode ser considerada mais confiável e menos válida (BACHMAN, 1990; HUGHES, 1994). Itens que podem ser respondidos com leitura e interpretação textual sem a necessidade de o usuário do exame refletir sobre o conteúdo da questão ou a língua foram os mais encontrados na prova analisada, ainda assim, detectou-se que há uma consonância entre o construto da prova e o exposto previamente na MR.
A comunidade Boa Esperança/Frutal (MG) e os equilíbrios da unidade camponesa frente ao avanço do agronegócio canavieiro
Authors: Mendes Heitor Nascimento , Chelotti Marcelo Cervo
Published: July 2020

Diante da expansão das lavouras de cana-de-açúcar e do agronegócio canavieiro no Triângulo Mineiro, principalmente a partir da década de 2000, observamos novas (re)organizações territoriais que incorporam elementos às estratégias de reprodução social dos camponeses dessa região, estabelecidas a partir da relação entre a lógica corporativa da produção sucroenergética e a agricultura camponesa. A comunidade Boa Esperança, localizada no município de Frutal (MG), tem em seu histórico uma produção camponesa diversificada, porém, o processo de avanço do front canavieiro vem limitando e impondo uma série de transformações e, consequentemente, adaptações no âmbito produtivo e sociocultural das famílias. Esse movimento se evidenciou a partir do ano de 2006, com a instalação de duas usinas do setor no município. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as análises e resultados obtidos em minha pesquisa de mestrado pela Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, onde tais aspectos foram discutidos a partir da noção de equilíbrios camponeses proposta por Jan Douwe van der Ploeg, reavaliando a conjuntura que possibilitou a nova dinâmica observada na comunidade, as características das organizações camponesas nessa comunidade, e as estratégias estabelecidas a partir do embate entre o território do capital e o camponês.
Mulheres no campo
Authors: Araújo Letícia Almeida , Costa Tamyris Maria Moreira da , Lemos Thais de Cássia Silva
Published: July 2020

Diante de uma sociedade patriarcal, capitalista e opressora, consiste a urgência compreensão da visibilidade da força de trabalho feminina, em especial das mulheres do campo, ainda mais vulneráveis dentro dessa lógica. Ao falar sobre o papel da mulher na agricultura, com destaque na cafeicultura mineira, é necessário compreender a participação e valorização destas mulheres nos setores de cooperativismo, administração da propriedade, divisão sexual do trabalho, reconhecimento no mercado, além das múltiplas jornadas de trabalho, que recaem sobre a mulher. Além disso, é importante discutir sobre gênero na geografia agrária principalmente pelo fato de existir poucos trabalhos que abordam a relação de gênero no campo e assim poucos trabalhos e autores que trabalham nesse tema.

Palavras-chave: Mulheres. Divisão Sexual do Trabalho. Cafeicultura. Cooperativismo. Agricultura Familiar.
Mundialização da agricultura e o uso de agrotóxicos no município de Guaranésia - MG
Authors: Melo Renata Vieira de , Alves Flamarion Dutra
Published: July 2020

A utilização maciça de agrotóxicos impacta também a economia, apropriando o lucro agrícola dos pequenos agricultores, uma vez, que parte do capital é destinada a compra desse tipo de insumos. , percebe-se que nosso espaço agrícola é um retrato da subordinação da agricultura brasileira ao capital internacional já que a implantação da Revolução Verde ocorreu por meio da imposição das indústrias de agrotóxicos com a presença marcante do incentivo realizado pelo governo brasileiro cujos insumos são comercializados, principalmente, por empresas transnacionais. Nesta perspectiva levando em consideração o uso crescente de agrotóxicos, os casos de contaminação dos rios, a submissão dos agricultores ao uso destes produtos, a pressão exercida pelas cooperativas e pelo sul de Minas Gerais ser uma região grande produtora de café no país (conhecida pela ampla utilização de agrotóxicos) essa reflexão se justifica por buscar compreender a mundialização da agricultura e a territorialização do uso de agrotóxicos e consequentemente os impactos socioeconômicos para a agricultura familiar, e assim, poder elucidar a realidade agrária no município de Guaranésia-MG como também no cenário nacional.
Escola e alternância no Gerais mineiro
Authors: Ravnjak Leandro Luciano Silva , Martins Maria de Fátima Almeida
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo buscou desocultar a trajetória da Escola Família Agrícola de Tabocal (EFA-Tabocal), localizada na Comunidade Primavera no município de São Francisco - Minas Gerais. Para atender ao propósito deste estudo, optou-se pela pesquisa do tipo etnográfica. Foi necessário fazer o caminho dos alunos para compreender o que os sujeitos envolvidos no processo educativo da EFA-Tabocal teriam a dizer sobre ela. Observou-se que ao eleger a Pedagogia da Alternância como proposta a EFA-Tabocal materializa não apenas um projeto contra-hegemônico de educação, mas, um projeto carregado de vida e de esperança dos Alternantes, Famílias e Comunidades envolvidas no processo formativo. A trajetória da EFA-Tabocal se assemelha a de outras escolas que a dotam a alternância como proposta, contudo, as especificidades do Gerais Mineiro e dos seus sujeitos adjetivam sua história e a individualiza, apresentando-lhe características próprias. A trajetória da EFA-Tabocal se amalgama à história de vida de todos envolvidos com a escola. Assim a EFA-Tabocal não é apenas um projeto de escola que adota a Pedagogia Alternância como outras EFA’s, mas, um projeto de vida que é marcado pela escassez de água e de terra, pela luta, pela resistência, pela resiliência, e pelo Gerais.
El retorno a Robert Reiner para pensar la cultura policial hoy. Tensiones en una experiencia de policía comunitaria
Authors: Ghiberto Luciana
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de describir en detalle algunos rasgos culturales de la policía comunitaria de la Provincia de Santa Fe utilizando como prisma de análisis los trabajos que ha realizado Robert Reiner sobre la cultura policial, autor ineludible dentro de los estudios sociales de la policía. Pretende echar luz sobre algunas características particulares de este segmento policial y descubrir continuidades con la policía tradicional, ubicándose en el núcleo de los desarrollos teóricos sobre la cultura policial. Está basado en análisis de documentos y análisis cualitativo de 53 entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas a policías comunitarios en la ciudad de Santa Fe entre los años 2015 y 2018.
Pengembangan Model Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Membentuk Karakter Empati pada Generasi Z
Authors: Miftakhuddin Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Z generation lives in the era of high technology. Their life is based on the technology such as depending on the social media. So, this generation has moral degradation, disrespect others and surroundings’ ignorance. Then, Islamic education has a big role to create characteristic of empathy toward this generation. This research is aimed to develop Islamic educational model which is simple, effective and applicable in creating empathy’s characteristic toward Z generation. The method of the research is developmental research. The researcher uses questionnaire, interview and documentation technique to collect data. Then the object of the research is Islamic educational model. Therefore, this research creates Islamic education which covers; purpose, material, source of study, method, media, studying process, evaluation and living practice. The result of individual test, group test and limited-test shows the average score 3.90, 3.93, and 4.00. So that, that result is applicable. However, the effectiveness of test analysis’ result by using SPSS 16 application is gained t value 4.817 and p=0.00 <0.05. So that, the mentioned result shows that this Islamic educational model is effective to create characteristic of empathy toward Z generation.
Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Humanistik dengan Pendekatan Active Learning di SDN Nugopuro Gowok
Authors: Nasution Hambali Alman , Suyadi Suyadi
Published: July 2020

This study aims to find out how the application of the theory of humanistic learning in Islamic Religious Education learning, would like to know the results of Islamic religious education learning through the theory of humanistic flow with the method (active learning) in SDN Nugopuro Gowok. The type of research used in this study is descriptive qualitative method using data collection such as interviews, observation and documentation. Based on the results of the study that the application of the theory of humanistic learning (active learning) in PAI learning in SDN Nugopuro Gowok has been done quite well and has been going well by educating and guiding students to learn to use various methods or strategies actively. It was marked by positive responses and changes in behavior such as, interactive, learning motivation, strengthening memory and tolerance.
SOCIO-ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEWAN KEMAKMURAN MASJID (DKM) DALAM MEMBENTUK KESALEHAN SOSIAL DI TENGAH COVID-19
Authors: Rohimat Asep Maulana
Published: July 2020

This study aims to discover the creative role carried out by the As-Shiddiq Kartasura Mosque Prosperity Council (DKM) in overcoming the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia. COVID-19 which emerged in Indonesia in early 2020, quickly spread to all regions. Emergencies in preventing the spread of this disease are not only the government's obligation. But it is also the duty of all citizens, both individually and in different ways. The task of preventing the spread of COVID-19 conducted by the DKM of the mosque by using socio-entrepreneurship is new. To find this out, this study uses qualitative research methods with Friedmann's alternative development approach. This study found that the socio-entrepreneurship role of the As-Shiddiq mosque in the form of transferring the use of Zakat, Infak, Shodaqoh (ZIS) funds for empowerment programs. The overall role is integrated with the concept of socio-entrepreneurship which benefits the community, in the form of economic benefits and food security. With all the limitations possessed by the mosque, it shows high creativity and innovation carried out by DKM in providing hope for community development.
Analysis of Impact Assessment Practice and Mitigation for Shipping Activity in the Eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Thiessen Bethany , Noble Bram , Hanna Kevin
Published: July 2020

Marine traffic is increasing in the Canadian Arctic, largely because of changing ice conditions, a growing tourism industry, and natural resource extraction. Impact assessment (IA) is a primary instrument for managing the impacts of project development in the Arctic, but there has been limited analysis of the scope and application of IA for identifying and managing the impacts of shipping. This paper examines the impacts of shipping activity associated with mining projects in the eastern Canadian Arctic, including barge traffic and resupply vessels; the mitigation actions commonly prescribed in IA; and the key IA challenges facing decision-makers. Results show 71 impacts that may be considered common to IA applications for shipping, for which the mitigation strategies rely heavily on compliance-based measures and “best” practices to either minimize or avoid impacts, supported by follow-up programs that provide for adaptation of mitigation based on monitoring results. However, results also illustrate concerns over the ability of IA to effectively manage the cumulative effects of increasing Arctic marine traffic. Only a minority of projects involving marine transport trigger IA, even though other types of marine traffic, such as tourism, may generate similar types of impacts. The common impacts and mitigation solutions identified in this research and the lessons from monitoring can inform future IAs for shipping, improve permitting processes for shipping activities that do not require IA, and provide a foundation for a more regional or sector-wide approach to identifying and mitigating the cumulative effects of increasing vessel traffic.
El acto de habla de disculpa en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de ELE: una unidad didáctica en línea
Authors: Saborido Beltrán Mario
Published: July 2020

Esta investigación se enmarca dentro de uno de los temas principales de la Pragmática, como es el de los actos de habla en general y el del acto de habla de disculpa en español en particular. La elección del tema que nos ocupa tiene como justificación la necesidad de proporcionar un mejor entendimiento de los actos de habla, pero sobre todo de la disculpa. En este estudio se ha creado una unidad didáctica en línea sobre la disculpa en Español como Lengua Extranjera (ELE) en el campus virtual de la Universidad de Edimburgo. 86 alumnos del Grado en Estudios Hispánicos de varios niveles han completado la actividad tres de la unidad didáctica y sus respuestas nos han servido como datos para poder alcanzar los objetivos de investigación. Estos son establecer estadísticamente las estructuras lingüísticas de disculpa que emplean los estudiantes, la forma en que las realizan (explícita o implícitamente) y las estrategias pragmáticas y marcadores de modalidad que usan para disculparse. Además, se cuestiona la posible influencia del nivel de competencia lingüística (B1/B2, Council of Europe, 2001) en la selección de determinadas estructuras lingüísticas de disculpa, en la forma de presentación de este acto de habla y en las estrategias y marcadores de modalidad.
Prawne aspekty włączenia w zakres polityki klimatyczno-energetycznej emisji i pochłaniania gazów cieplarnianych w wyniku działalności związanej z użytkowaniem gruntów, zmianą użytkowania gruntów i leśnictwem
Authors: Leśkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: July 2020

The aim of the article is to assess whether the binding legal regulations, including the national ones, may be assessed as conducive to the achievement of the objectives of the EU’s Energy Union in the scope of forest land management. In particular, whether the solutions adopted by Poland with regard to forest management may be considered as supporting the achievement of the objectives of the LULUCF regulation. The mechanisms of accounting for CO2 emissions and removals are based on historical data in the initial assumptions, and are intended to serve the implementation of the effects projected for the future. It is impossible to determine a priori whether the regulation in question will bring specific economic benefits or losses in terms of timber harvesting in state-owned forests. After all, it will depend on the result of accounting for emissions and removals from LULUCF.
O potrzebie całościowej regulacji prawnej przeciwdziałania marnowaniu żywności
Authors: Sokołowski Łukasz Mikołaj
Published: July 2020

Combating food waste is one of the greatest contemporary challenges for agriculture, the CAP and the legislator. The aim of the considerations is to answer the question whether and to what extent the legislation, both EU and national, provides for instruments to counteract this phenomenon. There are no comprehensive legal solutions that would allow effective prevention of food waste. However, at the EU level there is an observable process of setting up foundations for future policies and legal frameworks for actions aimed at limiting and combating this phenomenon. The mere fact that the problem has been noted by the legislator and the previous, albeit partial, normative regulation on combating food waste is a positive development. The measures already undertaken may constitute the first steps on the way to implementing comprehensive solutions that will, at the same time, be a manifestation of the legislator’s efforts to ensure food sovereignty based on a closed-loop economy.
Jeszcze w kwestii umowy o pomocy przy zbiorach
Authors: Puślecki Damian
Published: July 2020

The aim of the article is to answer the question to what extent a contract for harvesting aid constitutes the grounds for a legal relationship characterised by the equality of parties and whether it is an obligation of diligence or result. The conclusion is that a contract for harvesting aid is a contract which is binding upon the parties bilaterally, as well as being causative, consensual and payable. It is an agreement regulating civil law relationships between a farmer conducting agricultural activity and a helper assisting the farmer in an agricultural holding during harvest. The scope of the helper’s activities defined by the farmer in the contract may determine whether the helper’s performance makes the obligation of a result or a diligence character. This, in turn, will depends on the accuracy of the specification of the help and the method of payment of remuneration agreed by the parties.
A Case Study of AAC Application for the Elderly with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Choi Jinhee , Park Eunhye , Chae Soojung ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2020

Background and Objective: The purpose of this case study was to identify changes in cognitive, social and communication, and emotional behavior by systematically using different types of aided AACs every two visits per week, to the elderly with Alzheimer's disease treated at a nursing hospital because of difficulties in emotional and behavioral control. Method: Aided AAC such as communication books was mainly used by family members during visiting hours. MyTalkie Smart and My AAC story function have also been used. To increase the possibility of using the participation, we produced communication notebooks with the same composition and contents as MyTalkie Smart and used them. Results: Applying different types of aided AACs, resulted in identified positive changes in cognitive behavior (e.g., recalling), sociality and communication (e.g., making choices), and emotional behavior (e.g., laughing aloud). Discussions and implications: Communication intervention factors were discussed to supplement various functions damaged by dementia, a degenerative brain and nerve disease. Although the limitations in which experimental control and objective measurement of AAC application have not been made, the study's significance is that aided AACs were applied to elderly people with Alzheimer's disease to identify positive changes in cognitive behavior and communication.
Culture-negative infective endocarditis (CNIE): impact on postoperative mortality
Authors: Salsano Antonio , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Del Puente Filippo , Natali Roberto , Miette Ambra , Moscatelli Sara , Perocchio Giacomo , Scarano Flavio , Porto Italo , Mariscalco Giovanni , Bassetti Matteo , Santini Francesco
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Poor postoperative outcomes have been reported after surgery for infective endocarditis (IE). Whether the absence of positive cultures impacts the prognosis remains a matter of discussion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of negative cultures on the prognosis of surgically treated IE.

Methods

This was a single-center, retrospective study. From January 2000 to June 2019, all patients who underwent valvular surgery for IE were included in the study. The primary endpoint was early postoperative mortality. A covariate balancing propensity score was developed to minimize the differences between the culture-positive IE (CPIE) and culture-negative IE (CNIE) cohorts. Using the estimated propensity scores as weights, an inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) model was built to generate a weighted cohort. Then, to adjust for confounding related to CPIE and CNIE, a doubly robust method that combines regression model with IPTW by propensity score was adopted to estimate the causal effect of the exposure on the outcome.

Results

During the study period, 327 consecutive patients underwent valvular repair/replacement with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic cardiac arrest for IE. Their mean age was 61.4 ± 15.4 years, and 246 were males (75.2%). Native valve IE and prosthetic valve IE accounted for 87.5% and 12.5% of cases, respectively. Aortic (182/327, 55.7%) and mitral valves (166/327, 50.8%) were mostly involved; 20.5% of isolated mitral valve diseases were repaired (22/107 patients). The tricuspid valve was involved in 10 patients (3.3%), and the pulmonary valve in 1 patient (<1%). Fifty-nine patients had multiple-valve disease (18.0%). Blood cultures were negative in 136/327 (41.6 %). A higher postoperative mortality was registered in CNIE than in CPIE patients (19% vs 9%, respectively, p = 0.01). The doubly robust analysis after IPTW by propensity score showed CNIE to be associated with early postoperative mortality (odds ratio 2.10; 95% CI, 1.04–4.26, p = 0.04).

Conclusions

In our cohort, CNIE was associated with a higher early postoperative mortality in surgically treated IE patients after dedicated adjustment for confounding. In this perspective, any effort to improve preoperative microbiological diagnosis, thus allowing targeted therapeutic initiatives, might lead to overall better postoperative outcomes in surgically treated IE.
Childhood abuse and externalizing behavior among immigrant high school students
Authors: Colin Yessica , Muñoz Carla , Venta Amanda
Published: July 2020

There is a current lack of data on the relation between childhood abuse and behavior problems in recently immigrated Latino youth and potential protective factors. This study sought to assess rates of abuse, explore relations between abuse and behavior problems, and examine peer attachment as a possible moderator in 76 recently immigrated high school students. High rates of prior abuse were observed: 36.84% emotional abuse, 22.37% physical abuse, and 9.21% sexual abuse. Emotional abuse was associated with conduct problems (B = 4.19, 95% CI [3.88, 9.39], t = 2.23, p = .028). In the context of physical abuse, peer attachment played a significant, mitigating role on conduct problems (B = −.02, 95% CI [−.05, .00], t = −1.10, p = .049). Results require replication but suggest a critical need for attention to immigrant youth as a highly victimized sample with a high risk for conduct problems.