bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modifiable Hospital Factors Associated With Survival of Infants Born at Periviable Gestation: the US National Database
Authors: Qattea Ibrahim , Farghaly Mohsen , Quatei Amani , Abdalla Alshimaa , Mohamed Mohamed , Aly Hany
Published: February 2022

Objective:To determine modifiable hospital factors associated with survival of infants with GA ≤24 weeks and birth weight <500gm in the USA. And to assess the trend for the timing of postnatal mortality in these periviable infants.Design: National data were analyzed for the years 2010-2018. Hospitals were categorized according to delivery volume, US regions, and teaching status.Results: We identified 33,998,014 infants born during the study period; 76,231 infants were ≤24 weeks. Survival was greatest in urban teaching hospitals in infants <24 weeks and completed 24 weeks, respectively. The Northeast region has the lowest survival rate. There was a significant delay in the postnatal day of mortality in periviable infants.Conclusions: Hospital factors are associated with increased survival rates. Improved survival in large teaching hospitals supports the need for regionalization of care in infants born at the limits of viability. There was a significant delay in the postnatal mortality day.
Clearing The Air: Underestimation of Youth Smoking Prevalence Associated with Proxy-Reporting Compared to Youth Self-Report
Authors: Barrett Eden M , Maddox Raglan , Thandrayen Joanne , Banks Emily , Lovett Raymond , Heris Christina , Thurber Katherine A
Published: February 2022

Background: Smoking remains a leading cause of disease burden globally. Falling youth smoking prevalence is critical to tobacco control; however, accurate data are required to assess progress. This study investigates bias in youth smoking prevalence estimates by respondent type (proxy-reported, self-report with parent present, or self-report independently) for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and total populations of Australia. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional analysis of representative Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and National Health Surveys, 2007-2019. Data were restricted to participants aged 15-17 years. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for ever-smoking by respondent type were calculated using Poisson regression with robust standard errors. National youth current-smoking prevalence was estimated if all data were collected by youth self-report; estimates and trends were compared to observed estimates.Results: Over 75% of all smoking status data were reported by proxy or with parent present. Ever-smoking prevalence among youth self-reporting independently versus proxy-reported was 1.29 (95% CI:0.96-1.73) to 1.99 (95% CI:1.39-2.85) times as high for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth, and 1.83 (95% CI:0.92-2.63) to 2.72 (95% CI:1.68-4.41) times as high for total population youth. Across surveys, predicted national current-smoking prevalence if all youth self-reported independently was generally higher than observed estimate.Conclusions: Estimates of youth smoking prevalence are likely inaccurate and underestimated if data are collected by proxy or with parent present. Increased reliance on data reported by youth independently is crucial to improve data accuracy, including to enable accurate assessment of national prevalence.
Hardware Acceleration of Bayesian Network based on Two-dimensional Memtransistors
Authors: Zheng Yikai , Ravichandran Harikrishnan , Schranghamer Thomas , Trainor Nicholas , Redwing Joan , Das Saptarshi
Published: February 2022

Long before Bayes proposed his landmark theorem on the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of other events, natural intelligence has adopted Bayesian inference as a tool to ensure survival for almost all species. The fact that living beings must make critical decision for finding food, avoiding predators, and locating mates, based on information gathered by their sensory organs with limited sensitivity and under noisy surroundings, emphasizes the importance of probabilistic computing for evolutionary success. While the anatomy of neural hardware that accomplishes such task is far from being known, it is clear that stochastic computing is a fundamental aspect of natural intelligence, and Bayesian networks (BNs) are powerful mathematical constructs for the same. Interestingly, BNs also find widespread application in many real-world probabilistic problems including diagnostics, forecasting, computer vision, etc. While the concept of BN is well known, there are very limited hardware realizations of BN. CMOS [1, 2] based BNs require massive hardware resources (thousands of transistors), whereas, memristor [3-5] and spintronics [6-8] based BNs necessitate hybrid design with CMOS peripherals limiting the area and energy efficiency [9]. Here, we circumvent these challenges by introducing a compact and low-power BN architecture embedded in memory based on 2D memtransistors.
Analysis of Waxy Maize Germplasm Resources In Southwest China Based On SNP Markers
Authors: Zhang Caibo , Zhang Shuya , Chen Lei , Yu Tingyue , Zhang Wei , Wen Shouyun
Published: February 2022

Waxy maize (Zea mays L. var. ceratina) is an important economic crop in China, most of which are distributed in Southwestern China. In this study, 30 main waxy maize inbred lines in Southwest China were used as materials, and genetic analysis of the tested waxy corn materials was carried out using high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker technology. A total of 15111 SNPs were obtained from 30 test materials, and the genetic similarity coefficient varied from 0.4568 to 0.9974. The results of population genetic structure and principal component analysis showed that the tested waxy maize materials and the commonly used common maize classification representative inbred lines (B73, ZI330, Mo17, Huangzao 4, etc.) could not be effectively aggregated. The 30 waxy corn materials can be divided into five groups separately. The application of the genetic relationship between materials identified by SNP analysis will enable breeders to select different parents to develop high-yield varieties with improved quality traits.
Enantio-divergent epoxidation of alkenes with a photo-switchable phosphate manganese-salen complex
Authors: Nolte Roeland , chen Xiaofei , Gilissen Pieter , Tinnemans Paul , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Rutjes Floris , Feringa Ben , Elemans Johannes
Published: February 2022

The development of enantio-divergent catalysts capable of producing in a controlled fashion each of the two enantiomeric products from one substrate, is highly challenging. It requires the implementation of a switching function into the catalyst, which can reversibly change the chiral reaction environment during catalysis. Here we report a photo-switchable phosphate ligand derived from 2,2’-biphenol, which axially coordinates as the counter ion to an achiral manganese(III) salen catalyst, providing the latter with the ability to dynamically switch stereoselectivity in the epoxidation of alkenes. Both enantiomers of the chiral ligand exist as a pair of pseudo-enantiomers, which can be efficiently interconverted by irradiation with light of different wavelengths. The opposite axial chiralities of these pseudo-enantiomers are efficiently transferred to the manganese(III) salen catalyst. With this switchable ion-paired catalyst, the enantioselectivity of the epoxidation of a variety of alkenes can be controlled, resulting in opposite enantiomeric excesses of the epoxide products. This dynamic transfer of chirality from a photo-switchable counter ion to a metal complex will greatly broaden the scope of supramolecular catalysts. In future studies this photo-switchable catalyst will be used to write digital information in the form of chiral epoxides on single polymer chains.
177Lu-Labeled Near-infrared Upconversion Nanoparticles for targeted theranostics of Breast Cancer Lymphatic Metastases
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Zhang Yujuan , Liang Maolin , Shi Xiumin , Fan Longfei , Yang Kai , Wang Feng , Li Wei , Zhu Ran
Published: February 2022

The theranostics of lymph node metastasis has always been one of the major obstacles to defeating breast cancer and an important decisive factor in the prognosis of patients. Herein, we design NaGdF4:Yb,Tm@NaLuF4 upconversion nanoparticles with PEG and anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (trastuzumab, Herceptin) (NP-mAb) conjugation for targeting lymphatic metastasis. Radionuclides 177Lu could be chelated by the bisphosphate groups of NP-mAb. The obtained 177Lu-NP-mAb exhibited excellent radiolabeling stability and show high accumulation and prolong retention in the lymph node metastasis after intratumoral injection into the footpad by SPECT/CT imaging. Utilizing the β rays released by 177Lu, 177Lu-NP-mAb could not only decrease the number of lymph node metastasis, but also significantly improve therapeutic efficiency of lymph node metastasis. Additionally, 177Lu-NP-mAb induce no obvious toxicity to treated mice through blood routine, live and spleen function assay. Therefore, 177Lu-NP-mAb we designed could be acted as excellent theranostics agents for lymph node metastasis, providing a potential alternative treatment option for lymph node metastasis therapy.
Integrated surface-groundwater modelling for assessment of aquifer recharge and groundwater availability in a semi-arid region in the context of inter-basin water transfer
Authors: Costa Alexandre C. , Dupont Fanny , Bier George , Oel Pieter van , Walker David W. , Martins Eduardo S.P.R.
Published: February 2022

The São Francisco River (SFR) flow has been partially transferred to dryland catchments in Northeastern Brazil (NEB), to help deal with recurrent regional water shortages. However, the influence of this water transfer on overexploited aquifer systems had not been investigated. Our goal was to assess the groundwater recharge and the potential of the SFR water transfer to increase groundwater availability by channel transmission losses in the Medium aquifer (2,166 km²) in the state of Ceará (NEB). We developed integrated surface-groundwater modelling to improve estimations of the groundwater resources (GR), considering the spatio-temporal variability of infiltrated rainfall for aquifer recharge. Surface hydrology and aquifer recharge were simulated by a process-oriented hydrological model (WASA), and groundwater flow by MODFLOW. The annual recharge (66 mm/y) was approximately twice the amount of water abstracted (1990-2016). This abstraction rate indicates a sustainable use of groundwater. However, the annual recharge dropped to 13.9 mm/y from 2012 to 2016, a drought period. MODFLOW accurately reproduced the decrease of groundwater level, driven by both low recharge and high pumping rates during the drought. We found that SFR transfer could decrease the stress on GR during a prolonged drought. However, this additional recharge (6.89x106 m³/y) did not compensate for the relevant decrease of the hydraulic heads in areas that do not surround the receiving streams. Therefore, the water transfer would represent an additional recharge source, but it would not alone solve the issue of the unsustainable management of GR.
Electrode potential dominates the reversibility of lithium metal anodes
Authors: Yamada Atsuo , Ko Seongjae , Obukata Tomohiro , Shimada Tatau , Takenaka Norio , Nakayama Masanobu , Yamada Yuki
Published: February 2022

Li metal batteries are a promising technology for satisfying the emerging demands of high-energy-density storage systems. However, their pragmatic utilisation encounters a low Coulombic efficiency (CE) with the unceasing reductive decomposition of an electrolyte on Li metal with strong reducing ability. By improving the CE based on the chemistry of passivation films (i.e. solid electrolyte interphase, SEI), suppression of reductive decomposition has been achieved in a kinetic manner. However, the vague correlation between the CE and SEI has hampered further electrolyte development. Here, we report that in diverse electrolytes, the large shift (>0.6 V) in the Li electrode potential and its correlation with the Li+ coordination state are ‘hidden factors’ that dominate the CE. Vibrational spectroscopy and machine learning hierarchal analysis revealed that the formation of ion pairs is essential for upshifting the Li electrode potential, that is, for weakening the reducing ability of Li, which would lead to a high CE with diminished electrolyte decomposition. Based on these criteria, various electrolytes enabling a significantly improved CE (>99%) were easily discovered. The findings of this study provide insights for the development of next-generation electrolytes for Li metal batteries.
Mechanisms behind the varying severity of Aleutian mink disease virus: comparison of three farms with a different disease status
Authors: Virtanen Jenni , Aaltonen Kirsi , Moisander-Jylhä Anna-Maria , Nordgren Heli , Paulin Lars , Peura Jussi , Vapalahti Olli , Kant Ravi , Sironen Tarja
Published: February 2022

Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) is distributed widely among mink farms and wild mustelids despite ongoing attempts to stop the spread. The severity of Aleutian disease (AD) varies from subclinical to fatal but the reasons for its varying severity are complex and unclear. Recently, breeding of tolerant mink has drawn attention as the possible solution to reduce the effects of AD in farms. The aim of this study was to gather information on the effects of breeding based on overall health, production traits, and antibody titer on AD severity by comparing a positive farm (farm 1) that has been breeding for tolerance in mink to a farm recently infected, and an AMDV-free farm. During the 2.5-year follow-up, the mink in farm 1 remained mostly free of clinical AD, had normal pelt quality and litter size, and had low virus copy numbers in tissues and low antibody titers in ELISA. In histopathological studies, most of the farm 1 mink had no/mild lesions in their kidneys. 29-43% of the mink were ELISA negative but PCR positive throughout the follow-up and frequent changes in virus strains and coinfections were observed. Several differences in gene expression between animals from different farms were also detected. These results indicate that the disease burden of AMDV can be reduced, with seemingly normal health and production rates, despite continual circulation of ADMV in cases where eradication attempts are unsuccessful.
Quantitative Determination of Environmental Factors Governing The Snow Melting: A Geo-Detector Case Study In The Central Tienshan Mountains
Authors: Li Haixing , Liu Jinrong , Lei Xuelei , Ju Yumeng , Bu Xiangxu , Li Hongxing
Published: February 2022

Because of the distinctive vertical climate and topography gradients in the alpine region, the snow cover of the Tienshan Mountains possesses complex spatial-temporal heterogeneity especially during the melting process. Quantifying the environmental factors is therefore crucial to understanding the melting process and for prediction and management of snowmelt runoff. In this study, the snow cover area, grain size, and contamination extent were determined to characterize the detailed melting status based on surface reflectance data of MOD09A1 in the central Tienshan Mountains from 2013 to 2017. The environmental factors collected include relief (elevation, slope, and aspect), meteorology (air temperature, land surface temperature, solar radiation, and wind speed), and land surface vegetation. Analysis of the Geo-detector results indicated the following. 1) The patterns of change in the overall dominant environmental variables were consistent for the pre-, mid-, and post-melting periods defined according to the decline of snow cover area over five years. 2) The overall major environmental factors were wind speed and radiation (pre-period), land surface temperature and elevation (mid-period), and elevation and land surface (post-period), respectively. 3) Regional distinctions were found in the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the dominant environmental factors. In the pre-melting period, the effects of solar radiation and wind speed were noticeable in the north and south regions, respectively. The effects of elevation, land surface temperature, and land cover types became more prominent in all regions during the mid- and post-melting periods. 4) Interaction between the major environmental factors was significantly enhanced on both the overall and regional scales, thus affecting the snow melting process. Finally, the snowmelt is a response to an energy distribution mismatch. Multiple environmental factors substantially affect heat redistribution at different spatiotemporal scales, resulting in snow melt as a complex manifestation of the factors and their interactions. The findings highlighted regional differences in the various environmental factors of the melting process and offer a theoretical foundation for melting process at various scales over multiple years.
Uncovering the genealogy of GW170817 with self-consistent and detailed binary models
Authors: Stevance Heloise , Eldridge JJ , Stanway Elizabeth , Lyman Joe , McLeod Anna , Levan Andrew
Published: February 2022

Binary neutron star mergers are one the ultimate events of massive binary star evolution, and are a key observable to test several unknowns in modern astrophysics. Our understanding of their parent system is in its infancy and primarily based on studies of the handful of known galactic binary neutron stars. Here we present the first systematic search for progenitors of a specific merger event (GW170817) and recover their full evolution from birth to death. We find with>99% confidence that GW170817 originated from a ∼8(+2\−5) Gyr old half-solar metallicity stellar population. Contrary to evolutionary channels previously suggested to explain Galactic binary neutron stars, we find that our most likely progenitor systems undergo common envelope evolution during the life of the primary and that of the secondary. Future observations will be key to untangle the diversity of binary neutron star genealogy, as well as test the accuracy of different evolutionary frameworks.
Effects of The Presence of A Cell Phone And Exposure To Natural Environments On Remote Associates Task Performance
Authors: Liu Wenjuan , Dempo Akihiko , Kimura Tsukasa , Kawashima Tomoya , Shinohara Kazumitsu
Published: February 2022

In today’s advanced information society, creativity in work is highly valued, and there is growing interest in the kinds of work environments that produce more creative outcomes. Recent researchers have demonstrated that when environmental factors change a worker’s attentional state to a diffused state, the worker has access to more information than usual, which can contribute to creativity. Here, we examined whether manipulating environmental factors (the presence of a cell phone and exposure to natural environment) that could affect such attention states would improve performance on the Remote Associates Task, a measure of creativity. Our results showed that the presence of a cell phone increased creative performance regardless of immersion in natural environment. In contrast, exposure to nature did not facilitate creative performance; instead, feelings of pleasure increased, and frustration decreased. These results suggest that the presence of a cell phone can enhance creativity by influencing workers’ attentional states. The current study provides a meaningful approach to enhancing creativity by modulating attentional states through environmental factors. It also highlights the essential features of environmental factors that can moderate creative abilities.
Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 on Lactate Uptake and Usage in Mice with Diabetes-associated Cognitive Decline
Authors: zhao Liangcai , Jiang Haowei , Shen Danjie , Yi Qingqing , Xie Jiaojiao , Yan Jiapin , Li Chen , Zheng Hong , Gao Hongchang
Published: February 2022

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that exerts beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis. However, the impact of FGF21 on type 1 diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) and its mechanisms of action remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of FGF21 on lactate uptake and usage in a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced DACD. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the control, diabetic, and FGF21 (which received 2 mg/kg recombinant human FGF21) groups. At the end of the treatment period, learning and memory performance, nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics, and expressions of various hippocampal protein were analyzed to determine the efficacy of FGF21. The results showed that, compared to the control mice, the diabetic mice had reduced long-term memory performance after the hyperglycemic insult; decreased hippocampal levels of lactate dehydrogenase-B (LDH-B) activity, bioenergy metabolites, and monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2); as well as increased lactate levels. Impaired phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling was also observed in the diabetic mice. However, FGF21 treatment restored LDH-B activity, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and ATP levels; increased MCT2 expression and PI3K signaling pathway, which in turn improved the learning and memory defects. These findings demonstrated that the effects of FGF21 in DACD were associated with its ability to improve LDH-B-mediated lactate usage and MCT2-dependent lactate uptake. Further, these beneficial effects of FGF21 in the hippocampus were mediated by the PI3K signaling pathways.
Identification of Immune Cell Infiltration and Effective Diagnostic Biomarkers in the Lesion of Endometriosis Based on Multi-Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Zhang ke , Zou Lihao , Xie Xiao , Guo Suiqun
Published: February 2022

Background: In recent years, it is proved that the immune system contributes a lot to the pathogenesis and progression of endometriosis (EM). Identifying the signature of immune cell infiltration, the immune related diagnostic biomarkers, and even the potential therapeutic targets in endometriosis patients will aid the early diagnosis and treatment of EM. Methods: Firstly, the microarray expression dataset was downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, the signature of immune cell infiltration of endometrium tissues was calculated through the xCell algorithm. The hub module most relevant to immune cells was selected through the weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the limma package of R. The immune-related hub genes were further selected. Finally, the validation and clinical characteristics of hub genes were performed.Results: In our study, it was showed that macrophages and neutrophils were the main infiltrating immune cells in the endometrium tissue and 4 hub genes related to immune infiltration in ectopic lesions of EM were identified through multi-bioinformatic analysis. The expression of those hub genes (TNFSF13B, IL7R, CSF1R, LEP) in other validated datasets was consistent with our results. Each hub gene had significantly correlation with most of immune cells, and the area under the ROC curves (AUC) of those hub genes for disease diagnosis were all higher than 0.8. We also find that those hub genes were connectively concerned with the common complication infertility of EM.Conclusions: It is proved that the dysfunction of the immune system is connectively associated with the ectopic lesions of EM. And the immune related biomarkers (TNFSF13B, IL7R, CSF1R, LEP) may be helpful in the development of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and even the potential therapeutic targets of EM.
Phytotoxic Effects of Acetic Acid and d-limonene on Four Aquatic Plants
Authors: Gettys Lyn A. , Thayer Kyle L. , Sigmon Joseph W.
Published: February 2022

Herbicides that are labeled for aquatic use are often the foundation of aquatic vegetation management programs in the United States because many of these products, which are registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, are effective, selective, and relatively inexpensive. Resource managers are interested in reducing the use of synthetic herbicides and are considering alternative methods for aquatic weed control. We evaluated the effects of acetic acid and d-limonene on growth of the invasive small floating species feathered mosquitofern (Azolla pinnata) and common salvinia (Salvinia minima), as well as on the native emergent wetland plants cattail (Typha latifolia) and gulf coast spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa). Acetic acid and d-limonene (alone and in combination) were applied once as foliar treatments to healthy plants, which were grown for 8 weeks after treatment to allow for development of phytotoxicity symptoms. All experiments also included diquat dibromide at three concentrations as “industry-standard” treatments for comparison. A 0.22% concentration of diquat dibromide eliminated all vegetation of all species. Most single-product treatments provided good control of invasive feathered mosquitofern with acceptable levels of damage to native gulf coast spikerush, but only 15% and 20% d-limonene treatments were effective on invasive common salvinia and selective for native cattail. Some combinations of acetic acid and d-limonene provided acceptable control of both floating weeds and selectivity for gulf coast spikerush, but all mixes caused unacceptable levels of damage to cattail. Treating these small floating weeds with acetic acid and d-limonene instead of diquat dibromide would increase material costs by 15- to 27-fold. Although these natural products may be useful in some areas where synthetic herbicides are discouraged, they are unlikely to be affordable options for most resource managers.
New Mineral Names: Alteration Products
Authors: Celestian Aaron J.
Published: February 2022

In this issue

In this series of New Mineral Names, the theme is alteration products ranging from supergene mineralization to ambient pressure and temperature bat guano–rock interactions. The minerals highlighted here are: arrheniusite-(Ce), erssonite, krupičkaite, priscillagrewite-(Y), seaborgite, thalliomelane, thebaite, and uranoclite.
ESTUDO DO PERFIL QUÍMICO DE CERVEJAS BRASILEIRAS: UMA AVALIAÇÃO ENTRE AS BEBIDAS ARTESANAIS E INDUSTRIAIS
Authors: Coelho Neto Dorval , Moreira Laysa , Castro Eustáquio , Souza Warley , Filgueiras Paulo , Romão Wanderson , Folli Gabriely , Lacerda Valdemar
Published: February 2022

STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL PROFILE OF BRAZILIAN BEERS: AN ASSESSMENT BETWEEN ARTISANAL AND INDUSTRIAL DRINKS. Beer is commonly produced with four inputs: water, malt, hops, yeast and, in some cases, brewing adjuncts. Industrial and artisanal processes essentially follow the same steps and may undergo minor changes due to the style of beer. Despite this, many consumers attribute higher quality to craft beer compared to industrial ones. In this study, we applied the analytical techniques of infrared (IR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR) and mass spectrometry (ESI(±)FT-ICR MS) to discriminate craft beers from industrial ones (brands common to the Brazilian market). In addition, Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Support Vector Machine (SVR) regression were used to estimate some beer properties (pH, total acidity (meq·L-1, color (EBC), bitterness (IBU), alcohol content (%v/v) and density (g·mL-1)). The use of the IR allowed the identification of vibrations attributed to chemical compounds common to beverages, such as water (3320 and 1640 cm–1), carbohydrates (1500 cm–1) and ethanol (1050-1040 and 875-865 cm–1). 1 H NMR showed good applicability in identifying classes of organic compounds in the beverage, where signs attributed to alcohols, organic acids, carbohydrates and amino acids were observed. The ESI(+)FT-ICR MS allowed the identification of chemical compounds present in beverages, allowing the construction of a fingerprint of the beers. In addition, the application of chemometric tools enabled the prediction of physicochemical properties, presenting promising results in the prediction of alcohol content (RMSEC 0.2430 and RMSEP 0.3929) and bitterness (RMSEC 1.3022 and RMSEP 1.6008), and also in the classification regarding the manufacturing process (craft and industrial beer).
Optimization of urban resources efficiency in the domain of water–energy–food nexus through integrated modeling: a case study of Addis Ababa city
Authors: Kitessa Bedassa Dessalegn , Ayalew Semu Moges , Gebrie Geremew Sahilu , Teferi Solomon T/mariam
Published: February 2022

This study aims to understand the long-term (2020–2050) urban water–energy–food (WEF) resources access and sustainability in Addis Ababa city through a nexus modeling approach. Several feasible scenarios in line with improving WEF resources supply and access through conservation, system rehabilitation and technology input are explored. The water system scenarios include rehabilitation and conservation scenario, water supply enhancement scenario, technology input scenario and integrated water improvement scenario. The energy scenario includes energy conservation scenario and new renewable supply enhancement scenarios and integration of both scenarios as integrated energy scenario. The food system scenarios include crop yield productivity and irrigation water use efficiency scenarios of urban agricultural system. The integrated WEF nexus scenario is the integration of all scenarios under one nexus framework. The results are evaluated against baseline scenario. At a system level, the integrated water scenario result provides a water saving potential of 26 and 52% from the baseline scenario by 2030 and 2050, respectively, whereas the integrated energy use scenario saves energy by as much as 22 and 48%. For respective years, under the integrated WEF nexus scenario, the integrated water use scenario for low energy intensity reduces the energy use for urban water system by 23 and 72% from the baseline scenario. Similarly, urban food production have also shown enhancement. Urban food production system in Addis Ababa city is relatively small and does not significantly affect the food import from other parts of the country. Overall, the results WEF nexus modeling approach revealed the importance of exploring integrated nexus approach to sustainable urban water energy and food development and management as a first attempt at the urban scale.
The Shock of Unexpected Conservatism: a Counter-signal to Pachycormid Divergence?
Authors: Liston JEff , Maltese Anthny Emory
Published: February 2022

Pachycormid taxonomy has accepted the twin lineage pattern of toothed and toothless tribes, leading respectively to the Late Cretaceous Protosphyraena and Bonnerichthys, for over ten years. Recent work on pectoral fin morphotypes has revealed a diversity of forms, reflecting specialization in swimming styles. Examination of pectoral girdle components led to an unexpectedly similar set of characteristics between these two genera, supposedly separated by a gap of over 100 million years since their common ancestor. This raises the question of whether these two taxa are as distantly related as current pachycormid phylogenetic hypotheses suggest.
DLPF Targeted Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves
Brain Glucose Metabolism Along with the Clinical and Electrophysiological
Parameters in CBD Patients
Authors: Toprak Guven , Hanoglu Lutfu , Cakir Tansel , Guntekin Bahar , Velioglu Halil Aziz , Yulug Burak
Published: February 2022

Background:

Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurological disease caused by
the pathological accumulation of tau protein. The primary pathological features of CBD include
progressive neurodegenerative processes resulting in remarkable frontoparietal and basal ganglia atrophy.

Objective:

Like in many other neurodegenerative disorders, there is still no effective disease-modifying
drug therapy in CBD. Therefore, the development of new treatment methods is of great importance.
In this study, we aimed to assess the stimulating effects of high-frequency DLPFC rTMS
on the motor, cognitive and behavioral disturbances in four CBD patients.

Methods:

Four (three females, one male) CBD patients who had been diagnosed as CBD were enrolled
in this study. Patients were evaluated before and after the rTMS procedure regarding the motor,
neuropsychometric and behavioral tests. The results of statistical analysis of behavioral and
neuropsychometric evaluation were assessed via SPSS 18.0 package program. Data are expressed
as mean, standard deviation. Before and after values of the groups were compared with the Wilcoxon
sign rank test, and p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

We have provided strong preliminary evidence that the improvement in clinical parameters
was associated with the normalizations of the theta activity and glucose metabolism.

Conclusion:

Our current results are consistent with some previous trials showing a strong association
between DLPFC targeted rTMS and electrophysiological normalizations in the left DLPFC.
Se não encontras como podes utilizar? : diagnóstico à coleção de objetos digitais do Ecomuseu Municipal do Seixal
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda
Published: February 2022

The digitization of collections increased the opportunities to share the knowledge preserved in our libraries, archives and museums. But this is not always accompanied by the development of new tools for organizing and systematizing both the metadata and the associated images. It will be necessary to ensure the long-term implementation and sustainability of digital preservation strategies for these collections. At the Documentation and Information Centre (CDI) of the Seixal Municipal Ecomuseum (EMS), a collection of digital resources has been managed without a formally defined incorporation and management policy. Since systematic criteria were not created regarding its creation, storage, preservation, cataloguing or use, the collection has grown according to the needs imposed by the development of museum activities. Based on a diagnosis made on the collection, its characteristics and weaknesses are identified in the light of existing good practices for the development of these collections. Finally, measures that can improve the management of these digital objects in the light of the EMS Documentation and Information System (SDI) are also discussed. Two sets of measures that can contribute to the development of a plan for the management of the existing collection are identified. One, includes some practical proposals that could be implemented at the level of the CDI’s internal organisation. The other, includes measures that can only be implemented in the long term and considered within the scope of a global strategy by the EMS authority in this regard.
Operationalising Human Security in the Contemporary Operating Environment
Authors: Anning Stephen , Fenton Toby , Muraszkiewicz Julia , Watson Hayley
Published: February 2022

Drawing upon primary research funded by the UK Defence and Security Accelerator (DASA), this article is about using data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) for operationalising human security in the contemporary operating environment. The idea of human security has gained much traction in the international community since its introduction in a 1994 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) report and has more recently become a military concern. Yet, the core tenets of this idea remain contested, and the military role in support of human security remains an open question. Nonetheless, the concurrent increase in Open Data and AI does give rise to new opportunities to understand the various human security concerns. In response, DASA funded Projects SOLEBAY and HAMOC to research these concerns and the possibilities of data analytics for human security. Drawing on the research findings, we propose the idea of Population Intelligence (POPINT) as a new intelligence discipline to operationalise human security.
Leadership, Technology and National Security
Authors: Gratton Phil
Published: February 2022

On November 26, 2021, Mr. Phil Gratton, former DG in the Directorate of Technology for the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) and current Associate Faculty at the Canada School of Public Service, presented on Leadership, Technology and National Security at the 2021 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period and a breakout room session with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key point discussed was how leadership must adapt to best support its mission and technology workforce in the face of ever-evolving technological advancements in the realm of national security.
Military Cultural Heritage at the General José María Córdova Military Academy
Authors: Martínez Celis Diego Mauricio , Díaz Cante Andrea Katherinne , Castiblanco Medina Cristian Camilo
Published: February 2022

One’s cultural heritage passed down from generation to generation, almost automatically defines an individual as being part of a social collective. The Colombian Army, with over two hundred years of tradition, is recognized as one of the most representative of institutions that contribute to the national identity, through multiple expressions of its military culture and the great patrimonial heritage it possesses. This publication presents different aspects that need to be disseminated so that the entire community of ESMIC and the general public have access to basic knowledge about concepts of Cultural Heritage and Military Cultural Heritage, its regulations, the history of the Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova, the types of cultural heritage it possesses and some guidelines for their management. In addition, the reader will find an interactive map to navigate throughout ESMIC and learn more fully about the diverse cultural heritage of the Colombian Army and, indeed, the entire Nation.
Web-Based Research Trends on Child and Adolescent Cancer Survivors Over the Last 5 Years: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling Study
Authors: Kim Hyun-Yong , Kang Kyung-Ah , Han Suk-Jung , Chun Jiyoung
Published: February 2022

Background

Being diagnosed with cancer during childhood or adolescence can disrupt important periods in an individual’s physical, psychosocial, and spiritual development and potentially reduce the quality of life (QOL) after treatment. Research is urgently required to improve the QOL for child and adolescent cancer survivors, and it is necessary to analyze the trends in prior research reported in international academic journals to identify knowledge structures.

Objective

This study aims to identify the main keywords based on network centrality, subgroups (clusters) of keyword networks by using a cohesion analysis method, and the main theme of child and adolescent cancer survivor–related research abstracts through topic modeling. This study also aims to label the subgroups by comparing the results of the cohesion and topic modeling.

Methods

A text network analysis method and topic modeling were used to explore the main trends in child and adolescent cancer survivor research by structuring a network of keyword (semantic morphemes) co-occurrence in the abstracts of articles published in 5 major web-based databases from 2016 to 2020. A total of 1677 child and adolescent cancer survivor–related studies were used for data analyses. Data selection, processing, and analyses were also conducted.

Results

The top 5 keywords in terms of degree and eigenvector centrality were risk, control interval, radiation, childhood cancer treatment, and diagnosis. Of the 1677 studies used for data analyses, cluster 1 included 780 (46.51%) documents under risk management, cluster 2 contained 557 (33.21%) articles under health-related QOL and supportive care, and cluster 3 consisted of 340 (20.27%) studies under cancer treatment and complications.

Conclusions

This study is significant in that it confirms the knowledge structure based on the main keywords and cross-disciplinary trends in child and adolescent cancer survivor research published in the last 5 years worldwide. The primary goal of child and adolescent cancer survivor research is to prevent and manage the various aspects of the problems encountered during the transition to a normal life and to improve the overall QOL. To this end, it is necessary to further revitalize the study of the multidisciplinary team approach for the promotion of age-specific health behaviors and the development of intervention strategies with increased feasibility for child and adolescent cancer survivors.
Buying Behavior of Customers towards Online Shopping in Nagercoil City
Authors: Sugashini S.
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Online purchasing is the new process in the marketing system. The International electronic marketing is a grand this revolution of epoch. It is used to the computer, mobile phone and tap based shopping in India. The main objectives of this research paper is the factors influence the buying behaviour of the online shoppers and identify the most favorable online sites in Nagercoil city. Online shopping provides many choices to consumers than the traditional bricks-and-mortar retail stores. Online shopping is shopping while online or while on the internet. A lot of shoppers are using the internet now-a-days as internet provides a lot of advantage to shoppers. Online shopping includes flexibility, measurability and affordability. Moreover, online shopping has depended on the customer's attitude and their buying behaviour. Hence, an attempt has been made to study the buying behaviour of customers towards online shopping. The researcher suggested that Secured online payments, better to Electronic Stores, return policies and exciting discounts could help the perception of shopping benefits and Online marketers should reduce the delivery charges. The researcher concluded that concluded that Amazon. in is the most favorable online shopping sites and also it depicts that majority of the respondents preferred to buy through online because of accessibility. Keyword: Online Shopping, Electronic marketing, Customer Behaviour.
Photo Induced Reactions by Led-Power Reactor for No Photo release from Nitrosyl Metallic Complex
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Ramalho
Published: February 2022

Abstract: We have developed a simple, low-cost LED lamp reactor that was used efficiently to investigate the photochemistry reactivity of nitrosyl complex. It was possible to ratify the proposal for a photoinduced isomerization of nitrito-N (NOO- ) ligand for nitrito-O (ONO- ) and nitrosyl-N (NO+ ) for nitrosyl-O (ON+ ), in the cis-[Ru(NO)(NO2)(bpy)2](PF6)2 complex, as well as the photoresolution of NO in the cis-[Ru(NO)(NO2)(phen)2](PF6)2 complex. For the complex cis-[Ru(NO)(am)(phen)2](PF6)4 photoreaction investigation raised the proposal of isomerization and photoliberation reactions of NO, which encourages the investigation of this dye system with potential use in therapy Photodynamic. Keywords: metal nitrosyls, nitric oxide, metal complex, photochemistry by LED, infrared spectroscopy.
RECURSOS COMPLEMENTARES OU SUBSTITUTOS? UM ESTUDO SOBRE RETENÇÃO DE CAIXA E ALAVANCAGEM FINANCEIRA EM EMPRESAS RESTRITAS E IRRESTRITAS
Authors: Paranaíba Ferreira Marília , Zanolla Ercilio
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Este estudo objetiva verificar a utilização das reservas de caixa e da alavancagem financeira, de forma complementar ou substituta, pelas empresas classificadas em financeiramente restritas e irrestritas da B3.
Método / abordagem: Os dados do período de 2010 a 2020 foram coletados trimestralmente na base da Economatica e a técnica multivariada de análise fatorial por componentes principais foi adotada para segregar as empresas em restritas e irrestritas conforme o rol de variáveis indicadas pela literatura. Os scores, em ordem crescente, do fator principal foram divididos em quartis, em que o primeiro quartil, extremidade inferior, representou as empresas restritas e o terceiro quartil, extremidade superior, correspondeu ao grupo das irrestritas. No total, 1.482 observações classificadas como sendo de empresas financeiramente restritas e 1.553 observações classificadas como sendo de empresas financeiramente irrestritas foram analisadas por meio de regressões múltiplas com dados em painel.
Principais resultados: As evidências empíricas apontaram que, em média, as empresas restritas retêm mais caixa do que as irrestritas, e que as reservas de caixa e a alavancagem financeira são fontes complementares tanto nas empresas financeiramente restritas quanto nas empresas classificadas como irrestritas.
Contribuições metodológicas / sociais / gerenciais: A contribuição deste estudo é a apresentação de uma perspectiva diferente das Teorias Trade-Off e Pecking Order, no sentido de que a primeira trata os recursos como complementares e a segunda como substitutos.
Originalidade / relevância: Esta pesquisa pode subsidiar investidores, gestores, instituições de crédito e agentes reguladores na compreensão das políticas de caixa e de financiamento.
Challenges and opportunities cryptocurrency in Iran economy & e-businesses
Authors: Rezaeinejad Ismael
Published: February 2022

The worlds financial markets faced a new cyberspace phenomenon. Cryptocurrencies are non-tracking by any bank or financial institution or even the state. In a digital transactions system, transactions are registered and encrypted in a general ledger book, the blockchains. Cryptocurrencies have features that make them more useful, especially in international exchange, so it is necessary to determine the advantages and challenges of using them. The study of digital currencies in Irans economy and electronic business is presented. In recent years, the use of cryptocurrencies in Iran has grown. The necessity of public policymaking in facing this emerging phenomenon of economic importance has become more critical due to the transfer, such as decentralized systems, which led to the elimination of intermediate and observer entities. Cryptocurrencies also allow Iranian businesses and governments to direct access the international markets by bypassing sanctions. In this paper, the author first considers the mechanism of cryptocurrencies in the economy and then identifies the Iranian economys challenges and opportunities. In conclusion, cryptocurrencies can allow Iranian entrepreneurs to enter the international arena and international competition. Therefore, it is vital that the government or public organizations raising awareness about cryptocurrencies will also contribute to the prosperity of businesses and prevent criminals from exploiting the conditions.
Foreign trade in services of Georgia: the role of tourism export
Authors: Shiolashvili Giorgi , Dyuzheva Nataliya V.
Published: February 2022

The dynamics, structure and characteristics of Georgias foreign trade in services over the past quarter of a century are examined. The features of the Georgias tourism services export, its quantitative and qualitative indicators, as well as the importance of the tourism industry and the export of tourism services for the countrys economy are analyzed. It is concluded that, in fact, only the export of tourism services smooths out the deficit of foreign trade balance of Georgia, and gives to the country the currency earnings from its foreign trade. In the export of tourism services, Georgia is almost completely dependent on the countries of the post-Soviet area, in particular, on the Russian Federation. The current medium-term tourism strategy of Georgia is considered, and the additional recommendations are proposed. In particular, for the development of the countrys tourism industry and for the increasing the export of tourism services, it is recommended to create the stylistic image and event specialization of the regions, and to develop the infrastructure for cheap automobile tourism.