bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of dissolved and particulate phases of water accommodated fractions used to conduct aquatic toxicity testing in support of the Deepwater Horizon natural resource damage assessment
Authors: Forth Heather P. , Mitchelmore Carys L. , Morris Jeffrey M. , Lay Claire R. , Lipton Joshua
Published: March 2017

In response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the Natural Resource Trustees implemented a toxicity testing program that included 4 different Deepwater Horizon oils that ranged from fresh to weathered, and 3 different oil-in-water preparation methods (including one that used the chemical dispersant Corexit 9500) to prepare a total of 12 chemically unique water accommodated fractions (WAFs). We determined how the different WAF preparation methods, WAF concentrations, and oil types influenced the chemical composition and concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the dissolved and particulate phases over time periods used in standard toxicity tests. In WAFs prepared with the same starting oil and oil-to-water ratio, the composition and concentration of the dissolved fractions were similar across all preparation methods. However, these similarities diverged when dilutions of the 3 WAF methods were compared. In WAFs containing oil droplets, we found that the dissolved phase was a small fraction of the total PAH concentration for the high-concentration stock WAFs; however, the dissolved phase became the dominant fraction when it was diluted to lower concentrations. Furthermore, decreases in concentration over time were mainly related to surfacing of the larger oil droplets. The initial mean diameters of the droplets were approximately 5 to 10 μm, with a few droplets larger than 30 μm. After 96 h, the mean droplet size decreased to 3 to 5 μm, with generally all droplets larger than 10 μm resurfacing. These data provide a detailed assessment of the concentration and form (dissolved vs particulate) of the PAHs in our WAF exposures, measurements that are important for determining the effects of oil on aquatic species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1460–1472. © 2017 SETAC
On the controllability of fractional neutral integrodifferential delay equations with nonlocal conditions
Authors: Valliammal N. , Ravichandran C. , Park Ju H.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, by using the fractional calculus, measure of noncompactness, and the Mönch's fixed point theorem, we investigate the controllability results for fractional neutral integrodifferential equations with nonlocal conditions in Banach spaces. In the end, we give an example to illustrate the applications of the abstract conclusions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of First Row Metal Complexes Derived from a Pyridinophane Ligand Functionalized by Fluoroalcohol
Authors: Guillo Pascal , Daran Jean‐Claude , Manoury Eric , Poli Rinaldo
Published: March 2017

A new tetradentate N‐donor ligand (L) based on 2,11‐diaza[3.3](2,6)pyridinophane with N‐bonded (CF3)2(OH)CCH2 groups is presented, along with the coordination compounds [(L)FeCl2][FeCl4], [(L)MnCl2], [(L)Cu(OAc)2] and [(L)Zn(OTf)(H2O)](OTf) (OAc=acetate; OTf=trifluomethylsulfonate). All metal complexes possess a distorted octahedral geometry around the metal center.
Microwave‐Mediated Sulfonium Ylide Cyclopropanation. Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropa[c]pentalenes
Authors: López‐Rodríguez Alberto , Domínguez Gema , Pérez‐Castells Javier
Published: March 2017

Stereoselective sulfonium ylide cyclopropanation is a useful transformation due to the presence of this moiety in numerous bioactive compounds. The procedures described to date involve long reaction times and variable stereoselectivity outcomes. We show here that performing these reactions under MW mediation gives good yields and selectivity after short reaction periods. The methodology is applied to different substrates including sterically hindered cyclopentenones, open chain unsaturated esters and pentalenones (Pauson‐Khand products). From these latter substrates, highly connected cyclopropa[c]pentalenes were synthesized in good yields, including a precursor of natural product pentalenene.
Capillary dysfunction is associated with symptom severity and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Nielsen Rune B. , Egefjord Lærke , Angleys Hugo , Mouridsen Kim , Gejl Michael , Møller Arne , Brock Birgitte , Brændgaard Hans , Gottrup Hanne , Rungby Jørgen , Eskildsen Simon F. , Østergaard Leif
Published: March 2017

Introduction

We examined whether cortical microvascular blood volume and hemodynamics in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are consistent with tissue hypoxia and whether they correlate with cognitive performance and the degree of cortical thinning.

Methods

Thirty‐two AD patients underwent cognitive testing, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and perfusion MRI at baseline and after 6 months. We measured cortical thickness, microvascular cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean transit time (MTT), and capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTH) and estimated tissue oxygen tension (PtO2).

Results

At baseline, poor cognitive performance and regional cortical thinning correlated with lower CBF and CBV, with higher MTT and CTH and with low PtO2 across the cortex. Cognitive decline over time was associated with increasing whole brain relative transit time heterogeneity (RTH = CTH/MTT).

Discussion

Our results confirm the importance of microvascular pathology in AD. Deteriorating microvascular hemodynamics may cause hypoxia, which is known to precipitate amyloid retention.
Evaluating Risk Factors for Clostridium difficile Infection In Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A National Study
Authors: Shah Nishi N. , McClellan William , Flowers Christopher R. , Lonial Sagar , Khoury Hannah , Waller Edmund K. , Langston Amelia , Nooka Ajay K.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Large-scale studies evaluating risk factors forClostridium difficileinfection (CDI), a leading cause of infectious diarrhea among patients undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT), are lacking. We have evaluated risk factors for CDI among both autologous SCT (auto-SCT), and allogeneic SCT (allo-SCT) recipients using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database provided by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).

METHODS

We used patient data obtained from the NIS database for all adult patients admitted for auto- and allo-SCTs from January 2001 to December 2010. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses to evaluate risk factors of CDI in auto- and allo-SCT patients.

RESULTS

Auto-SCTs constituted 61.5% of all SCTs performed during the study period. Of the 53,072 auto-SCT patients, 5.8% had CDI, whereas 8.5% of 33,189 allo-SCT patients had CDI. Univariate analyses identified age, gender, indication for SCT, radiation as part of the conditioning regimen, respiratory failure, septicemia, lengthy hospital stay, and multiple comorbidities as risk factors for CDI in both subsets. On multivariate analyses for auto-SCT, there was significant correlation between age and the indication for transplant (P=.003), but the indication for either auto- or allo-SCT was not associated with CDI on multivariate analyses. The following factors were found to be associated with CDI: septicemia (auto-SCT odds ratio [OR],=1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–2; and allo-SCT OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.36–2.1), male gender (auto-SCT OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09–1.53; and allo-SCT OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.18–1.57), lengthy hospital stay (auto-SCT OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 2.29–3.45; and allo-SCT OR, 2.63; 95% CI, 2.15–3.22), and presence of multiple comorbidities (auto-SCT OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.11–1.57; and allo-SCT OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.0–1.4).

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of CDI was higher among patients undergoing allo-SCT. CDI was significantly associated with longer hospital stay, septicemia, and male gender for auto- and allo-SCT recipients. While this analysis did not permit us to directly ascribe the associations to be causative for CDI, it identifies the more vulnerable population for CDI and provides a rationale for the development of more effective approaches to preventing CDI.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:651–657
Analytics and Information: A Case for Performance Ratings
Authors: Roch Sylvia G.
Published: March 2017

Schiemann and Ulrich's (2017) discussion of opportunities for industrial–organizational (I-O) psychology speaks directly to the growing movement of companies eliminating their performance ratings. One of the main issues that the focal article highlights is the need for strong analytics and measurement. A core domain of industrial psychology historically has been employee performance measurement. However, by some accounts, as of September 2015, at least 51 large companies were in the process of eliminating their performance ratings (Rock & Jones, 2015). Whether eliminating performance ratings is a good idea is a subject of debate in the I-O psychology community. In addition to a focal article in the summer of 2016 edition of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Adler, Campion, et al., 2016), several sessions addressed this topic at the 2016 Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology convention (e.g., Adler, Colquitt, et al., 2016; Hettal, Garza, Levy, & Cleveland, 2016; Hunt et al., 2016; Roch & Gorman, 2016). The I-O psychology community appears to be divided on the value of performance ratings. In my opinion, the recent drive to abandon rigorous performance measurement appears to be a step backward rather than a step forward.
Gerrymandering in Electoral Autocracies: Evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Stan Hok-Wui
Published: March 2017

To authoritarian rulers, holding somewhat competitive elections enhances legitimacy, but entails political risks. Committing electoral fraud can secure victory, but may jeopardize regime legitimacy. However, there is a tool of electoral manipulation that allows authoritarian rulers to reduce electoral risk while preserving legitimacy: gerrymandering. This article undertakes a systematic study of gerrymandering in Hong Kong, using a dataset that documents boundary changes at the level of residential buildings. The empirical findings show a significant partisan bias in electoral redistricting: opposition constituencies are more likely to be redistricted. Redistricting, however, fails to deter opposition incumbents from seeking re-election. No significant negative relationship is found between redistricting and opposition incumbents’ vote share, although redistrictingdoesreduce their overall chances of re-election. The results suggest that gerrymandering, which involves the use of packing and cracking strategies in different districts, can be employed to undermine the aggregate electoral performance of the opposition parties.
Generation of proton beams from two-species targets irradiated by a femtosecond laser pulse of ultra-relativistic intensity
Authors: Domański J. , Badziak J. , Jabłoński S.
Published: March 2017

The paper presents results of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of ion beam acceleration at the interactions of a 130-fs laser pulse of intensity in the range 1021–1023 W/cm2, predicted for the Extreme Light Infrastructure lasers, with thin hydrocarbon (CH) or erbium hydride (ErH3) targets. A special attention is paid to the effect of the laser pulse intensity and polarization (linear, circular) on the proton energy spectrum, the proton beam spatial distribution and the proton pulse shape and intensity. It is shown that for the low laser intensities (~1021 W/cm2) considerably higher proton beam parameters (proton energies, beam intensities) are achieved for the ErH3 target for both polarizations and the effect of polarization on the beam parameters is significant (higher parameters are achieved for the linear polarization). However, for the highest, ultra-relativistic intensities (~1023 W/cm2) higher proton beam parameters are attained for the CH target and the effect of polarization on these parameters is relatively low. In this case, for both polarizations quasi-monoenergetic proton beams are generated from the CH target of the mean proton energy ~2 GeV and $dE_{\rm p} /\bar E_{\rm p} \approx 0.3$ for the linear polarization and $dE_{\rm p} /\bar E_{\rm p} \approx 0.2$ for the circular one. At the highest laser intensities also the proton pulse peak intensities are higher for the CH target and for both polarizations they reach values well above 1021 W/cm2. In the paper, the properties of proton beam generation indicated above are discussed in detail and a physical explanation of the observed effects is done.
Treatment of severe refractory valvar pulmonary stenosis with primary transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation
Authors: Trivedi Kalyani R. , Robinson Laurence , Fraisse Alain
Published: March 2017

Some patients with pulmonary valve stenosis do not respond to balloon valvuloplasty and must undergo surgical repair. We report the case of a 12-year-old child with pulmonary valve stenosis and Noonan syndrome in whom we performed transcatheter Melody pulmonary valve implantation after balloon dilation failed. The result was excellent. This technique can be proposed as an alternative to surgery in such cases.
What level of domestic government health expenditure should we aspire to for universal health coverage?
Authors: Mcintyre Di , Meheus Filip , Røttingen John-Arne
Published: March 2017

Global discussions on universal health coverage (UHC) have focussed attention on the need for increased government funding for health care in many low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this paper is to explore potential targets for government spending on health to progress towards UHC. An explicit target for government expenditure on health care relative to gross domestic product (GDP) is a potentially powerful tool for holding governments to account in progressing to UHC, particularly in the context of UHC’s inclusion in the Sustainable Development Goals. It is likely to be more influential than the Abuja target, which requires decreases in budget allocations to other sectors and is opposed by finance ministries for undermining their autonomy in making sectoral budget allocation decisions. International Monetary Fund and World Health Organisation data sets were used to analyse the relationship between government health expenditure and proxy indicators for the UHC goals of financial protection and access to quality health care, and triangulated with available country case studies estimating the resource requirements for a universal health system. Our analyses point towards a target of government spending on health of at least 5% of GDP for progressing towards UHC. This can be supplemented by a per capita target of $86 to promote universal access to primary care services in low-income countries.
Fiscal space for domestic funding of health and other social services
Authors: Meheus Filip , McIntyre Di
Published: March 2017

To progress toward universal health coverage and promote inclusive social and economic development, it will be necessary to strengthen domestic resource mobilization for health. In this paper, we examine options for increasing domestic government revenue in low- and middle-income countries. We analyze the relationship between level of economic development and levels of government revenue and expenditure, and show that a country’s level of economic development does not predetermine its spending levels. Government revenue can be increased through improved tax compliance and efficiency in revenue collection, maximizing revenue from mineral and other natural resources, and increasing tax rates where appropriate. The emphasis should be on increasing revenue through the most progressive means possible; the purpose of raising government spending on health would be defeated if that spending were funded by increasing the relative tax burden of those who are meant to benefit. Increasing government revenue through taxation or other sources is first and foremost a fiscal policy choice or political decision and should be supported through concerted global action.
Framing the tax and health nexus: a neglected aspect of public health concern
Authors: Mccoy David , Chigudu Simukai , Tillmann Taavi
Published: March 2017

Previous studies have described various associations between tax policy and health. Here we propose a unifying conceptual framework of ‘Five R’s’ to stimulate awareness about the importance of tax to health improvement. First, tax can improverepresentationand democratic accountability, and help make governments more responsive to the needs of its citizens. Second, tax can create arevenuestream for a universal pool of public finance for health care and other public services. Third, progressive taxation when combined with appropriate public spending can helpredistributewealth and income and mitigate social and health inequalities. Fourth, there-pricingof harmful products (e.g. tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food) can help reduce their consumption. Fifth, taxation provides a route by which certain harmful industries can beregulated. The paper also discusses the barriers that hinder the full potential for taxation to be used to improve health, including: weak tax administrations, large ‘shadow economies’, international trade liberalisation, tax avoidance, transfer pricing by transnational corporations and banking secrecy. We suggest that a greater awareness of the manifold associations between tax and health will encourage health practitioners to actively promote fairer and better taxation, thereby helping to improve health and reduce health inequalities.
Development assistance for health: critiques, proposals and prospects for change
Authors: Moon Suerie , Omole Oluwatosin
Published: March 2017

After a ‘golden age’ of extraordinary growth in the level of development assistance for health (DAH) since 1990, funding seems to have reached a plateau. With the launch of the Sustainable Development Goals, debate has intensified regarding what international financing for health should look like in the post-2015 era. In this review paper, we offer a systematic overview of problems and proposals for change. Major critiques of the current DAH system include: that the total volume of financing is inadequate; financial flows are volatile and uncertain; DAH may not result in additional resources for health; too small a proportion of DAH is transferred to recipient countries; inappropriate priority setting; inadequate coordination; weak mechanisms for accountability; and disagreement on the rationale for DAH. Proposals to address these critiques include: financing-oriented proposals to address insufficient levels and high volatility of DAH; governance-oriented proposals to address concerns regarding additionality, proportions reaching countries, priority setting, coordination and accountability; and proposals that reach beyond the existing DAH system. We conclude with a discussion of prospects for change.
Dual-layered polarization and frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna by rotating breach-truncated circular radiator
Authors: Li Haixiong , Gong Yunlong , Zhang Jiakai , Ding Jun , Guo Chenjiang
Published: March 2017

In this study, a dual-layered polarization and frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna is proposed based on sequential mechanical axial rotation of the circular metal radiator. The antenna can be reconfigured among three different polarized modes, including the linear polarization (LP), left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization in the band from 4.68 to 4.80 GHz (2.53%). The resonance frequency of the proposed antenna with the same LP mode could also be tuned in the range from 4.70 to 5.03 GHz by mechanical rotation of the breach-truncated circular metal radiator as well as the circular substrate. Furthermore, the polarization characteristic and frequency can be reconfigured, respectively, as the circular radiator is taken an axial rotation with an angle of 360°. The presented antenna in the four different states has been numerically simulated and fabricated for the experimental measurement, the investigated characteristics includes the port reflection coefficient, axial ratio, radiation pattern, gain, and the radiation efficiency. The simulated and test results agreed well with each other. This antenna enriches the novel mechanical reconfigurable method except for the popular electrical approach.
Use of a stent graft in tumor erosion of the common femoral artery with life-threatening bleeding
Authors: Keo Hong H. , Diehm Nicolas , Staub Daniel , Baumann Frederic
Published: March 2017

Abstract. We report a case of a 56-year-old male patient with a life-threatening left common femoral artery bleeding due to tumor erosion. The patient had a history of advanced high-grade pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma of the left groin with pulmonary metastasis. Clinical examination revealed a massive tumor bulking at the left groin with necrosis and phleb- and lymphedema. Given the circumstances, open surgery was not possible. Thus, it was decided to treat the patient with an endovascular procedure. The postprocedural course was uneventful, the patient received blood product and was hemodynamically stable. He was discharged at day six with ambulatory follow-up. Endovascular therapy using stent grafts to exclude a life-threatening bleeding is a valuable alternative treatment option in oncologic patients with limited life expectancy, which are unsuitable for surgery
Unique and Shared Relationship Benefits of Consensually Non-Monogamous and Monogamous Relationships
Authors: Moors Amy C. , Matsick Jes L. , Schechinger Heath A.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The increased media and public curiosity on the topic of consensual non-monogamy (CNM) presents an interesting case, given that these types of relationships are highly stigmatized. In the present review piece, we first situate common themes of benefits that people believe are afforded to them by their CNM relationships within the current state of the literature to provide insight into unique and shared (with monogamy) relationship benefits. This approach helps uncover relationship benefits and theoretical advances for research on CNM by highlighting some of the key features of CNM relationships that people find rewarding, including need fulfillment, variety of activities, and personal growth and development. Second, we discuss common misconceptions about CNM and stigma toward CNM. Finally, we conclude with future directions and recommendations for scholars interested in pursuing research on CNM.
Women’s Sexual Desire
Authors: Graham Cynthia A. , Boynton Petra M. , Gould Kate
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Recent changes in the classification of female sexual dysfunction in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) approval of the first drug to treat low sexual desire in women (flibanserin) have highlighted the intense focus on sexual desire problems in women. We first discuss the rationale for the DSM changes and outline the DSM-5 criteria for Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder. We provide an overview of some of the key events leading up to the approval of flibanserin for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women, including the role of the “Even the Score” advocacy campaign, that accused the FDA of gender bias in not giving women with sexual desire problems access to treatment options. Incorporating narratives from testimonials of female patients attending the 2014 FDA Patient-Focused Drug Development Public Meeting, we examine some of the prevalent beliefs around sexual “normalcy” and the immutability of sexual desire. We critique how the media and pharmaceutical companies depict sexual norms and female sexual desire and how pharmaceutical trials often narrowly define and assess sexual desire and “sex.” We end with some recommendations for how researchers, clinicians, and journalists can better acknowledge that sex and desire have multiple meanings and interpretations with a view to women being offered a truly informed choice when seeking help for sexual problems.
Metabolic and molecular insights into an essential role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
Authors: Zhang Li Q , Van Haandel Leon , Xiong Min , Huang Peixin , Heruth Daniel P , Bi Charlie , Gaedigk Roger , Jiang Xun , Li Ding-You , Wyckoff Gerald , Grigoryev Dmitry N , Gao Li , Li Linheng , Wu Min , Leeder J Steven , Ye Shui Qing
Published: March 2017

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a pleiotropic protein implicated in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome, aging, cancer, coronary heart diseases, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and sepsis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of NAMPT in these physiological and pathological processes are not fully understood. Here, we provide experimental evidence that a Nampt gene homozygous knockout (Nampt−/−) resulted in lethality at an early stage of mouse embryonic development and death within 5–10 days in adult mice accompanied by a 25.24±2.22% body weight loss, after the tamoxifen induction of NamptF/F × Cre mice. These results substantiate that Nampt is an essential gene for life. In Nampt−/− mice versusNampt+/+ mice, biochemical assays indicated that liver and intestinal tissue NAD levels were decreased significantly; histological examination showed that mouse intestinal villi were atrophic and disrupted, and visceral fat was depleted; mass spectrometry detected unusual higher serum polyunsaturated fatty acid containing triglycerides. RNA-seq analyses of both mouse and human pediatric liver transcriptomes have convergently revealed that NAMPT is involved in key basic cellular functions such as transcription, translation, cell signaling, and fundamental metabolism. Notably, the expression of all eight enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle were decreased significantly in the Nampt−/− mice. These findings prompt us to posit that adult Nampt−/− mouse lethality is a result of a short supply of ATP from compromised intestinal absorption of nutrients from digested food, which leads to the exhaustion of body fat stores.
Inelastic collisions of ultracold triplet Rb2 molecules in the rovibrational ground state
Authors: Drews Björn , Deiß Markus , Jachymski Krzysztof , Idziaszek Zbigniew , Hecker Denschlag Johannes
Published: March 2017

Exploring and controlling inelastic and reactive collisions on the quantum level is a main goal of the developing field of ultracold chemistry. For this, the preparation of precisely defined initial atomic and molecular states in tailored environments is necessary. Here we present experimental studies of inelastic collisions of metastable ultracold Rb2 molecules in an array of quasi-1D potential tubes. In particular, we investigate collisions of molecules in the absolute lowest triplet energy level where any inelastic process requires a change of the electronic state. Remarkably, we find similar decay rates as for collisions between rotationally or vibrationally excited triplet molecules where other decay paths are also available. The decay rates are close to the ones for universal reactions but vary considerably when confinement and collision energy are changed. This might be exploited to control the collisional properties of molecules.
Erratum: A randomised open-label cross-over study of inhaler errors, preference and time to achieve correct inhaler use in patients with COPD or asthma: comparison of ELLIPTA with other inhaler devices
Authors: van der Palen Job , Thomas Mike , Chrystyn Henry , Sharma Raj K , van der Valk Paul DLPM , Goosens Martijn , Wilkinson Tom , Stonham Carol , Chauhan Anoop J , Imber Varsha , Zhu Chang-Qing , Svedsater Henrik , Barnes Neil C
Published: March 2017

Correction to: npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine (2016) 26, 16079; doi:10.1038/npjpcrm.2016.79; published online 24 November 2016 In the original version of the article, there were typographical errors that have been corrected in the html and pdf versions of the article. On page 2, column 1, under Results, ‘Caucasian (98%)’ was replaced with ‘Caucasian (>99%)’; in Table 2, mean age in total population ‘48.
Erratum: Personalising care of adults with asthma from Asia: a modified e-Delphi consensus study to inform management tailored to attitude and control profiles
Authors: Chisholm Alison , Price David B , Pinnock Hilary , Tan Tze Lee , Roa Camilo , Cho Sang-Heon , David-Wang Aileen , Wong Gary , van der Molen Thys , Ryan Dermot , Castillo-Carandang Nina , Yong Yee Vern ,   on behalf of the Respiratory Effectiveness Group
Published: March 2017

Correction to: npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine (2017) 27, 16089; doi:10.1038/npjpcrm.2016.89; published online 5 January 2017 ‘Dephi’ in the article title should be ‘Delphi’. A correction has been published and is appended to both the html and pdf versions of this paper. The name of the study was misspelled in the title and has been corrected.
Correction: Corrigendum: Clostridium Difficile Infection Worsen Outcome of Hospitalized Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Zhang Ting , Lin Qian-Yun , Fei Jia-Xi , Zhang Yan , Lin Min-Yi , Jiang Shuang-Hong , Wang Pu , Chen Ye
Published: March 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 29791; published online: 15 July 2016; updated: 23 March 2017 This Article contains errors in the Acknowledgements section: “This work was supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (H0306). The content is solely the responsibilityof the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the agency above.
Correction: Corrigendum: Associations of triglyceride levels with longevity and frailty: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Liu Zuyun , Burgess Stephen , Wang Zhengdong , Deng Wan , Chu Xuefeng , Cai Jian , Zhu Yinsheng , Shi Jianming , Xie Xuejuan , Wang Yong , Jin Li , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: March 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 41579; published online: 30 January 2017; updated: 23 March 2017 The Acknowledgements section in this Article is incomplete. “We acknowledge all the people who participated in the Rugao Longevity and Ageing study. We acknowledge the support and help from the Yale Program on Aging (Yale School of Medicine) and the Yale Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (OAIC).
Erratum: Characterization of the Pathogenesis of H10N3, H10N7, and H10N8 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses Circulating in Ducks
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Zhang Xingxing , Xu Kaidi , Teng Qiaoyang , Liu Qinfang , Li Xuesong , Yang Jianmei , Xu Jianqing , Chen Hongjun , Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Zejun
Published: March 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 34489; published online: 28 September 2016; updated: 23 March 2017 In this Article, Figures 1–5 are incorrect. The correct Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 appear below as Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5 respectively. The Figure legends are correct.
Immunogenicity of Candidate MERS-CoV DNA Vaccines Based on the Spike Protein
Authors: Al-amri Sawsan S. , Abbas Ayman T. , Siddiq Loai A. , Alghamdi Abrar , Sanki Mohammad A. , Al-Muhanna Muhanna K. , Alhabbab Rowa Y. , Azhar Esam I. , Li Xuguang , Hashem Anwar M.
Published: March 2017

MERS-coronavirus is a novel zoonotic pathogen which spread rapidly to >25 countries since 2012. Its apparent endemicity and the wide spread of its reservoir host (dromedary camels) in the Arabian Peninsula highlight the ongoing public health threat of this virus. Therefore, development of effective prophylactic vaccine needs to be urgently explored given that there are no approved prophylactics or therapeutics for humans or animals to date. Different vaccine candidates have been investigated but serious safety concerns remain over protein or full-length spike (S) protein-based vaccines. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity of naked DNA vaccines expressing different fragments of MERS-CoV S protein in mice. We found that plasmids expressing full-length (pS) or S1-subunit (pS1) could induce significant levels of S1-specific antibodies (Abs) but with distinct IgG isotype patterns. Specifically, pS1 immunization elicited a balanced Th1/Th2 response and generally higher levels of all IgG isotypes compared to pS vaccination. Interestingly, only mice immunized with pS1 demonstrated significant S1-specific cellular immune response. Importantly, both constructs induced cross-neutralizing Abs against multiple strains of human and camel origins. These results indicate that vaccines expressing S1-subunit of the MERS-CoV S protein could represent a potential vaccine candidate without the possible safety concerns associated with full-length protein-based vaccines.
Correction: Corrigendum: Expedited Holonomic Quantum Computation via Net Zero-Energy-Cost Control in Decoherence-Free Subspace
Authors: Pyshkin P. V. , Luo Da-Wei , Jing Jun , You J. Q. , Wu Lian-Ao
Published: March 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 37781; published online: 25 November 2016; updated: 23 March 2017 In the original version of this Article, Affiliations 1, 2 and 3 were not listed in the correct order. The correct affiliations are listed below: Affiliation 1 Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China.
Correction: Corrigendum: Drug Response Prediction as a Link Prediction Problem
Authors: Stanfield Zachary , Coşkun Mustafa , Koyutürk Mehmet
Published: March 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 40321; published online: 09 January 2017; updated: 23 March 2017 This Article contains a typographical error in the Results section under the subheading ‘Method Comparison’. “In order to better understand the accuracy of our method, we compare it against the topperforming approach in the DREAM Drug Sensitivity Prediction Challenge, Gonen and Margolin’s kernelized Bayesian multitask learning (KBMTL) algorithm19”.
Correction: Corrigendum: Sensory augmentation: integration of an auditory compass signal into human perception of space
Authors: Schumann Frank , O’Regan J. Kevin
Published: March 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 42197; published online: 14 February 2017; updated: 23 March 2017 This Article contains an error in the Acknowledgements section: “Matthieu Raoelsion” should read: “Matthieu Raoelison”
Calmodulin is responsible for Ca2+-dependent regulation of TRPA1 Channels
Authors: Hasan Raquibul , Leeson-Payne Alasdair T. S. , Jaggar Jonathan H. , Zhang Xuming
Published: March 2017

TRPA1 is a Ca2+-permeable ion channel involved in many sensory disorders such as pain, itch and neuropathy. Notably, the function of TRPA1 depends on Ca2+, with low Ca2+ potentiating and high Ca2+ inactivating TRPA1. However, it remains unknown how Ca2+ exerts such contrasting effects. Here, we show that Ca2+ regulates TRPA1 through calmodulin, which binds to TRPA1 in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Calmodulin binding enhanced TRPA1 sensitivity and Ca2+-evoked potentiation of TRPA1 at low Ca2+, but inhibited TRPA1 sensitivity and promoted TRPA1 desensitization at high Ca2+. Ca2+-dependent potentiation and inactivation of TRPA1 were selectively prevented by disrupting the interaction of the carboxy-lobe of calmodulin with a calmodulin-binding domain in the C-terminus of TRPA1. Calmodulin is thus a critical Ca2+ sensor enabling TRPA1 to respond to diverse Ca2+ signals distinctly.
Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 attenuates brain death-induced renal injury by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and the SAPK and JAK-STAT signalings
Authors: Li Yifu , Xiong Yunyi , Zhang Huanxi , Li Jun , Wang Dong , Chen Wenfang , Yuan Xiaopeng , Su Qiao , Li Wenwen , Huang Huiting , Bi Zirong , Liu Longshan , Wang Changxi
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of EGb761, a Ginkgo Biloba extract, against brain death-induced kidney injury. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham, brain-death (BD), BD + EGb b48h (48 hours before BD), BD + EGb 2 h (2 hours after BD), BD + EGb 1 h, and BD + EGb 0.5 h. Six hours after BD, serum sample and kidney tissues were collected for analyses. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine significantly elevated in the BD group than in sham group. In all the EGb761-treated BD animals except for the BD + Gb 2 h group, the levels of BUN and serum creatinine significantly reduced (all P < 0.01). EGb761 attenuated tubular injury and lowered the histological score. In addition, the longer duration of drug treatment was, the better protective efficacy could be observed. EGb761 significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, IP-10 mRNA expression and macrophage infiltration in the kidney. EGb761 treatment at 48 hour before brain death significantly attenuate the levels of p-JNK-MAPK, p-p38-MAPK, and p-STAT3 proteins (all P < 0.05, compared to BD group). In summary, our data showed that EGb761 treatment protected donor kidney from BD-induced damages by blocking SAPK and JAK-STAT signalings. Early administration of EGb761 can provide better protective efficacy.
Cucurbit[6]uril-based polymer nanocapsules as a non-covalent and modular bioimaging platform for multimodal in vivo imaging
Authors: Kim Sungwan , Yun Gyeongwon , Khan Suman , Kim Jinhwan , Murray James , Lee Yeong Mi , Kim Won Jong , Lee Gyudong , Kim Sungjee , Shetty Dinesh , Kang Joo Hyun , Kim Jung Young , Park Kyeng Min , Kim Kimoon
Published: March 2017

A new polymer nanocapsule was used as a versatile platform for multimodalin vivoimaging.
Correction: Synthesis of midblock-quaternized triblock copolystyrenes as highly conductive and alkaline-stable anion-exchange membranes
Authors: Zhu Meng , Zhang Min , Chen Quan , Su Yanxia , Zhang Zhijie , Liu Lei , Wang Yiguang , An Linan , Li Nanwen
Published: March 2017

Correction for ‘Synthesis of midblock-quaternized triblock copolystyrenes as highly conductive and alkaline-stable anion-exchange membranes’ by Meng Zhu et al., Polym. Chem., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c6py02213h.
Silica nanofibers as a new drug delivery system: a study of the protein–silica interactions
Authors: Henry Nina , Clouet Johann , Le Visage Catherine , Weiss Pierre , Gautron Eric , Renard Denis , Cordonnier Thomas , Boury Franck , Humbert Bernard , Terrisse Hélène , Guicheux Jérôme , Le Bideau Jean
Published: March 2017

Drug delivery from silica nanofiber based materials for intervertebral disc regenerative medicine.
Output regulation of Boolean control networks with stochastic disturbances
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Liang Jinling
Published: March 2017

This study addresses the output regulation problem of Boolean control networks (BCNs) in the presence of exogenous disturbances, which are characterised by two‐valued mutually independent random logical variables. By using the semi‐tensor product technique, the BCNs with stochastic perturbations are represented in their compact algebraic forms, and then a relating augmented system is constructed, which facilitates the analysis of the output regulation problem for the BCNs. As a consequence, necessary and sufficiency criteria are obtained to ensure the existence of the state feedback controllers which efficaciously solve the considered problem. Moreover, executable constructive procedure is also proposed for the controller design. Two simulation examples are exploited in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed criteria as well as the controller design scheme.
Improving the macroscopic uniformity of nanopaper by multi‐step coating of cellulose nanofibre dispersion
Authors: Mizumura Daiki , Hanasaki Itsuo , Ooi Yuto , Horikawa Yoshiki
Published: March 2017

Promising versatile applications of cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) include film structures for device substrates and surface coatings. Although there are various factors that affect the textures of such ‘nanopapers’, the drying from aqueous dispersion of CNF is the typical process to fabricate them. The basic property on this drying process is focused on, paying attention to the influence of temperature on the macroscopic uniformity. On the one hand, higher drying temperature is advantageous for the fast fabrication. On the other hand, too high temperature leads to significant nonuniformity, are focused on of the film. They propose that this drawback is suppressed by the multi‐step coating process. The multi‐step coating technique is simple without extra introduction of apparatus or chemical species. Therefore, it is a good option, e.g. when trying to fabricate relatively thin film structures where coffee‐ring‐like phenomena tend to take place.
Sellar and Suprasellar Tuberculoma
Authors: Banga Manpreet , Roy Kaushik , V. Sandeep , Dasgupta Sibaji
Published: March 2017

Tuberculosis is responsible for 20% of the intracranial space-occupying lesions in India, and tuberculomas of the sellar and suprasellar region comprise only 1% of all intracranial tuberculomas. The clinical and radiological features of these lesions mimic a typical pituitary adenoma. Surgery is not usually indicated, except for obtaining biopsies to confirm diagnosis, as these lesions tend to resolve with appropriate antitubercular therapy. There is no consensus regarding the type of antitubercular regimen and duration of the treatment as the experience with tuberculomas of pituitary is limited. We report a rare case of hypophyseal tuberculosis in a patient as a sequela of tuberculous meningitis, which is a rare complication of tubercular meningitis.
A Comparative Assessment of Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Lornoxicam versus Tramadol after Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Jain Ankesh Dilip , Ravisankar VSM , Siva Bharani KSN , Sudheesh KM , Tewathia Nisha
Published: March 2017

Pain after any surgical procedure is inevitable but can be controlled by administration of analgesics in most cases. Postoperative pain after surgical treatment of mandibular fractures can be treated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid analgesics. The purpose of this study is to critically compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of small doses of intravenous TRAMADOL (opioid analgesic) versus LORNOXICAM (NSAID) in patients with mandibular trauma undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and to assess the presence of any adverse effects due to NSAID or opioid use. Forty adult ASA grade I–II patients with mandibular trauma, scheduled for ORIF under general anesthesia in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, were selected for the study. The patients were randomly assigned into a tramadol group (Group T) and a lornoxicam group (Group L) and were administered intravenous tramadol 50 mg and intravenous lornoxicam 8 mg, respectively, at specific postoperative intervals. Pain intensity was quantitatively assessed at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours using a visual analog scale of 10 cm. Adverse effects of the analgesics were also recorded and compared. Both the drugs resulted in a significant decrease in pain intensity from 2nd to 24th postoperative hours, but better pain control was observed in Group L at 24th postoperative hour. Only two patients experienced nausea and vomiting in Group T and one patient experienced gastric acidity in Group L. The comparative results clearly demonstrate that pain control by intravenous lornoxicam is significantly better than by intravenous tramadol at 24th postoperative hour after ORIF of mandibular trauma. Side effects produced by both the drugs were minor and had no apparent effect on the study results.
Semi-automated De-identification of German Content Sensitive Reports for Big Data Analytics
Authors: Seuss Hannes , Dankerl Peter , Ihle Matthias , Grandjean Andrea , Hammon Rebecca , Kaestle Nicola , Fasching Peter , Maier Christian , Christoph Jan , Sedlmayr Martin , Uder Michael , Cavallaro Alexander , Hammon Matthias
Published: March 2017

Purpose Projects involving collaborations between different institutions require data security via selective de-identification of words or phrases. A semi-automated de-identification tool was developed and evaluated on different types of medical reports natively and after adapting the algorithm to the text structure.

Materials and Methods A semi-automated de-identification tool was developed and evaluated for its sensitivity and specificity in detecting sensitive content in written reports. Data from 4671 pathology reports (4105 + 566 in two different formats), 2804 medical reports, 1008 operation reports, and 6223 radiology reports of 1167 patients suffering from breast cancer were de-identified. The content was itemized into four categories: direct identifiers (name, address), indirect identifiers (date of birth/operation, medical ID, etc.), medical terms, and filler words. The software was tested natively (without training) in order to establish a baseline. The reports were manually edited and the model re-trained for the next test set. After manually editing 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 and if applicable 1000 reports of each type re-training was applied.

Results In the native test, 61.3 % of direct and 80.8 % of the indirect identifiers were detected. The performance (P) increased to 91.4 % (P25), 96.7 % (P50), 99.5 % (P100), 99.6 % (P250), 99.7 % (P500) and 100 % (P1000) for direct identifiers and to 93.2 % (P25), 97.9 % (P50), 97.2 % (P100), 98.9 % (P250), 99.0 % (P500) and 99.3 % (P1000) for indirect identifiers. Without training, 5.3 % of medical terms were falsely flagged as critical data. The performance increased, after training, to 4.0 % (P25), 3.6 % (P50), 4.0 % (P100), 3.7 % (P250), 4.3 % (P500), and 3.1 % (P1000). Roughly 0.1 % of filler words were falsely flagged.

Conclusion Training of the developed de-identification tool continuously improved its performance. Training with roughly 100 edited reports enables reliable detection and labeling of sensitive data in different types of medical reports.

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Citation Format
The Surgeon General's Facing Addiction Report: An Historic Document for Health Care
Authors: Levy Sharon , Seale J. Paul , Osborne Victoria A. , Kraemer Kevin L. , Alford Daniel P. , Baxter Jeffrey , Finnell Deborah S. , Kunins Hillary , Walley Alexander Y. , Lewis David C. , MacLane-Baeder Doreen , Gordon Adam J.
Published: March 2017

The publication of Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General's Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health presents an historic moment not only for the field of addiction medicine, but also for the United States as a nation. The Board of Directors of the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse (AMERSA), on behalf of our organization, would like to express our appreciation of the efforts of Dr. Vivek Murthy and the Surgeon General's Office to publish the first surgeon general's report covering substance misuse and substance use disorders.
Commercialization in Agriculture, 2006–14
Authors: Cazzuffi Chiara , McKay Andy , Perge Emilie
Published: March 2017

A key feature of Viet Nam’s economic transformation has been the dramatic progress made in agriculture. This chapter focuses specifically on commercialization, a key feature of this. It looks in particular at sales of rice, Viet Nam’s key food crop, as well as households’ engagement in coffee cultivation and aquaculture activities, activities undertaken almost exclusively for sale and often export. Large numbers of households sell rice, whereas fewer engage in coffee production or aquaculture, which require the right geographic conditions and significant investment. Important differences are identified between those engaged in commercialization and those not; there are clear geographic patterns and clear associations with wealth (including, often, land size and/or quality). Access to different production inputs are also extremely important.
Spotting impairment in the healthcare workplace
Authors: Lockhart Lisa , Davis Charlotte
Published: March 2017

One in every 10 of your nursing peers is impacted by addiction. Do you know what to do?