bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redução da menoridade penal: uma análise a partir dos aspectos constitucionais
Authors: De Bittencourt Ana Paula , Cristóvam José Sérgio Da Silva
Published: December 2016

O presente artigotrata da possibilidade ou não de redução da menoridade penal a partir de uma análise constitucional. Para tanto, abordar-se-á os aspectos constitucionais referentes à menoridade penal, trazendo as definições e as finalidades dos princípios norteadores da aplicação da medida socioeducativa de internação, sendo estes a brevidade, a excepcionalidade e o respeito à condição peculiar de pessoa em desenvolvimento. Por fim, verificar-se-áa exposição das opiniões de renomados juristas a respeito do art.228 da Constituição Federal de 1988, se este representa uma “cláusula pétrea” ou é passível de reforma.
A proteção de dados pessoais nas relações de consumo como um direito fundamental: perspectivas de um marco regulatório para o Brasil
Authors: Florenço Larissa Britto
Published: December 2016

Este artigo objetiva analisar quais instrumentos normativos são oferecidos quanto à proteção de dados pessoais nas relações de consumo no Brasil e a perspectiva da instituição de marco regulatório na matéria. Por meio de um sistema dedutivo, almeja-se evidenciar a tratativa que possui a matéria na legislação brasileira e se a instituição de uma nova dinâmica normativa será eficiente nos objetivos a que se destina. Para tanto, evidencia-se, inicialmente, que a matéria adquirira status constitucional, assim como patamar de direito fundamental. Ainda, verifica-se que, com o alto desenvolvimento tecnológico aliado ao mercado capitalista que se vivencia, diversas normativas surgiram no decorrer dos últimos anos a fim de resguardar os dados pessoais propagados pelos indivíduos. Aborda-se que, em comparativo com a legislação de que tratam o tema em outros países, o Brasil oferece proteção em legislações esparsas, mas não concede medida profilática para o uso indevido de dados pessoais. Constata-se que, embora haja a perspectiva de lei que regule a matéria no país, o projeto teve por base a legislação europeia, cuja existência já possui mais de quinze anos e está a iminência de reforma para reaver situações que com a experiência não obtiveram bons resultados. Ao fim, conclui-se que ainda será papel do Poder Judiciário na resolução dos conflitos concernentes à matéria, mesmo que a nova dinâmica que está para ser adotada no Brasil signifique um grande passo para acompanhar a movimentação das legislações internacionais.
Limitação temporal dos maus antecedentes: aspectos doutrinários e jurisprudenciais
Authors: Vargas Michele
Published: December 2016

Questão corriqueira no dia a dia forense, notadamente na prática criminal, é a valoração, na dosimetria da pena, dos antecedentes criminais, por força do que estatui o Código Penal. Recente julgamento de uma das Turmas do Supremo Tribunal Federal, no entanto, reacendeu o debate acerca da limitação temporal dos maus antecedentes, em analogia ao disposto no Código Penal para o instituto da reincidência, por adotar entendimento diverso daquele que tem sido endossado pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça embora ainda pendente de julgamento perante a Corte Suprema o recurso em que a celeuma objeto teve repercussão geral reconhecida e tornará a ser explorada. Dada a relevância da matéria, cuja divergência avança sobre a seara doutrinária, o presente artigo parte do estudo acerca da individualização da pena, dos seus momentos e sistemas propostos, com enfoque na individualização judicial da pena e do critério trifásico adotado pelo Diploma Penal. Passa, em seguida, à explanação acerca dos meandros da primeira etapa da dosimetria da pena, consistente na análise das circunstâncias judiciais, em especial sob o prisma dos antecedentes, a partir de sua conceituação, da apresentação das críticas doutrinárias que ensejam e da exposição das discussões que os permeiam. E, por fim, chega-se ao ponto central da discussão, que é a (im)possibilidade de consideração dos maus antecedentes após o transcurso do período depurador de cinco anos, com a exposição das vertentes identificadas na doutrina e nos Tribunais Superiores, consolidando-se os principais argumentos delineados.
A responsabilidade penal ambiental na constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988
Authors: Tomazini Volnei Celso
Published: December 2016

Este artigo científico trata da Responsabilidade Penal Ambiental na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, sob um olhar eminentemente acadêmico, eis que visa a atender um dos critérios de avaliação para o aproveitamento do discente na disciplina Teoria do Estado e da Constituição do curso de doutorado em Ciência Jurídica da Univali. Demonstra-se os conceitos operacionais sobre as categorias Constituição, Meio Ambiente e Responsabilidade Penal Ambiental. Aborda-se a relevância do próprio tema aqui proposto para a proposta acadêmica, bem como a sua relevância para as conscientização da Sociedade sobre os efeitos da responsabilização penal aos poluidores previstos no art. 225, Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988.
A teoria da perda de uma chance: critérios de aplicação e breve análise acerca da recente admissão doutrinária e jurisprudencial no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro
Authors: Da Silva Taynara Larissa , Dias Feliciano Alcides
Published: December 2016

Este artigo trata da teoria da responsabilidade civil pela perda de uma chance, com o principal objetivo em analisar os critérios de sua aplicação no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, em particular, a verificação sobre a atual recepção da teoria de perda de uma chance no direito brasileiro; a identificação da forma de determinação do quantum indenizatório, caso seja aplicada a teoria. A perda de uma chance é a frustração de uma oportunidade de obter um benefício, esperada pela vítima, caso não houvesse o corte abrupto em decorrência do ato do lesante, que gera o dever de indenizar. Estruturado por meio do método indutivo, com pesquisas em fontes normativas, doutrinárias e análise de casos. Demonstra-se com este estudo, que a teoria da perda de uma chance é aceita pela maioria da doutrina e também pela jurisprudência pátria. Para a aplicação da teoria, a chance perdida deve ser séria e real e a indenização proporcional à possibilidade de obter sucesso na chance perdida.
Notes from the Editors, December 2016
Authors: The Editors -
Published: December 2016

buy this issue In October 2016, the Sveriges Riksbank (Swedish Central Bank) Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel—commonly but incorrectly called the Nobel Prize in Economics—was awarded to two European-born, U.S.-based economists, Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmström, for their work on contracts related to executive pay. Hart and Holmström were lauded for having theorized what was thought to be the optimal mix of risk and incentives in pay packages for corporate executives, thereby determining the appropriate combination of basic salary, bonuses, and share options. In other words, they received the Riksbank Nobel Memorial Prize for their efforts to rationalize the exorbitant paychecks of CEOs and other corporate leaders—a direct service to big business.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Ein Bibliotheksgesetz für Sachsen? Kritische Bestandsaufnahme zum parlamentarischen Interesse
Authors: Soilihi Mzé Hassan
Published: December 2016

In Sachsen wurde schon 1949 versucht, das sächsische Bibliothekswesen durch Gesetzesinitiative zu regeln. Dies scheiterte aber am politischen Durchsetzungswillen. Dieser Dissens blieb auch nach Wiedergründung des Freistaats 1990 erkennbar roter Faden parlamentsgetragener Bibliotheksrechtsinitiativen. Der Artikel stellt die Geschichte dieser Initiativen und Versuche in Sachsen dar und zeigt die Gründe für ihr Scheitern und die Schwierigkeiten des Gesetzgebungsprozesses auf.
Strong shift equivalence and algebraic K-theory
Authors: Boyle Mike , Schmieding Scott
Published: December 2016

For a semiring

ℛ

\mathcal{R}

, the relations of
shift equivalence over

ℛ

\mathcal{R}

(

SE-
⁢
ℛ

\textup{SE-}\mathcal{R}

) and strong shift equivalence
over

ℛ

\mathcal{R}

(

SSE-
⁢
ℛ

\textup{SSE-}\mathcal{R}

) are natural equivalence relations
on square matrices over

ℛ

\mathcal{R}

, important for symbolic dynamics.
When

ℛ

\mathcal{R}

is a ring, we prove that the refinement of

SE-
⁢
ℛ

\textup{SE-}\mathcal{R}

by

SSE-
⁢
ℛ

\textup{SSE-}\mathcal{R}

, in the

SE-
⁢
ℛ

\textup{SE-}\mathcal{R}

class of
a matrix A, is classified by the
quotient

N
⁢

K
1

⁢

(
ℛ
)

/
E

⁢

(
A
,
ℛ
)

NK_{1}(\mathcal{R})/E(A,\mathcal{R})

of the
algebraic K-theory group

N
⁢

K
1

⁢

(
ℛ
)

NK_{1}(\mathcal{R})

. Here,

E
⁢

(
A
,
ℛ
)

E(A,\mathcal{R})

is a certain
stabilizer group, which we prove must vanish if A is nilpotent
or invertible. For this, we first show for any square
matrix A over

ℛ

\mathcal{R}

that the refinement of its

SE-
⁢
ℛ

\textup{SE-}\mathcal{R}

class into

SSE-
⁢
ℛ

\textup{SSE-}\mathcal{R}

classes corresponds
precisely to the refinement of
the

GL
⁢

(

ℛ
⁢

[
t
]

)

\mathrm{GL}(\mathcal{R}[t])

equivalence class of

I
-

t
⁢
A

I-tA

into

El
⁢

(

ℛ
⁢

[
t
]

)

\mathrm{El}(\mathcal{R}[t])

equivalence classes. We then
show this refinement is in bijective correspondence
with

N
⁢

K
1

⁢

(
ℛ
)

/
E

⁢

(
A
,
ℛ
)

NK_{1}(\mathcal{R})/E(A,\mathcal{R})

.
For a general ring

ℛ

\mathcal{R}

and A invertible,
the proof that

E
⁢

(
A
,
ℛ
)

E(A,\mathcal{R})

is trivial
rests on a theorem of Neeman and Ranicki
on the K-theory of noncommutative localizations.
For

ℛ

\mathcal{R}

commutative, we show

∪
A

E
⁢

(
A
,
ℛ
)

=

N
⁢
S
⁢

K
1

⁢

(
ℛ
)

\cup_{A}E(A,\mathcal{R})=NSK_{1}(\mathcal{R})

; the proof rests on
Nenashev’s presentation of

K
1

K_{1}

of an exact category.
Low-Power High-Speed Double Gate 1-bit Full Adder Cell
Authors: Kumar Raushan , Roy Sahadev , Bhunia C.T.
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we proposed an efficient full adder circuit using 16 transistors. The proposed high-speed adder circuit is able to operate at very low voltage and maintain the proper output voltage swing and also balance the power consumption and speed. Proposed design is based on CMOS mixed threshold voltage logic (MTVL) and implemented in 180nm CMOS technology. In the proposed technique the most time-consuming and power consuming XOR gates and multiplexer are designed using MTVL scheme. The maximum average power consumed by the proposed circuit is 6.94μW at 1.8V supply voltage and frequency of 500 MHz, which is less than other conventional methods. Power, delay, and area are optimized by using pass transistor logic and verified using the SPICE simulation tool at desired broad frequency range. It is also observed that the proposed design may be successfully utilized in many cases, especially whenever the lowest power consumption and delay are aimed.
Classification of EEG Signals Using Quantum Neural Network and Cubic Spline
Authors: Raheem Mariam Abdul-Zahra , Hussein Ehab AbdulRazzaq
Published: December 2016

The main aim of this paper is to propose Cubic Spline-Quantum Neural Network (CS-QNN) model for analysis and classification of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Experimental data used here were taken from seven different electrodes. The work has been done in three stages, normalization of the signals, extracting the features by Cubic Spline Technique (CST) and classification using Quantum Neural Network (QNN). The simulation results showed that five types of EEG signals were classified with an average accuracy for seven electrodes that is 94.3% when training 70% of the features while with an average accuracy of 92.84% when training 50% of the features.
Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Walnut Extract as Influenced by the Extraction Method and Solvent
Authors: Trandafir Ion , Cosmulescu Sina , Nour Violeta
Published: December 2016

Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and individual phenolic compounds were assessed in full fat and defatted walnut kernel. For quantification of phenolic fraction of walnut kernels, two different solvents (methanol and ethanol) and two methods of extraction (ultrasonic-assisted extraction and Soxhlet extraction) were tested. Total phenolics, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity of alcoholic extracts varied depending on the solvent used and extraction methods. Seventeen phenolic compounds were detected and the study provides evidence on high phenolic contents and high antioxidant potential of full fat walnut kernel and defatted walnut kernel. The Soxhlet extraction is the best in terms of the amounts of total phenolic content (2,089.2 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g dry matter), while the ultrasonic assisted extraction is a fast method but resulted in significantly lower phenolic content (667.3–1,426.8 mg gallic acid equivalent /100 g dry matter). The concentrations of phenolics (especially (+)-catechin hydrate, juglone, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, salicylic acid and ellagic acid) are many fold lower in ultrasonic-assisted extraction as compare to the Soxhlet method using the same extraction solvent. The results of this study provide evidence on high phenolic contents and high antioxidant potential of full fat and defatted walnut kernel.
Response Surface Methodology Approach for Optimization of Extrusion Process of Production of Poly (Hydroxyl Butyrate-Co-Hydroxyvalerate) /Tapioca Starch Blends
Authors: Wu Chia-Yang , Lui Wai-Bun , Peng Jinchyau
Published: December 2016

Response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to investigate the optimum operation conditions to develop the biodegradable pellet and to analyze the effects of extrusion processing variables, including tapioca starch content (30–50 %), xylitol content (45–75 g) and barrel temperature (140–170 °C) on characteristics of the Poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)-starch composites. Maximum loading and maximum displacement of composites could be improved with a deliberate amount of xylitol as well as with rising barrel temperature. The water absorption reduced by addition of xylitol in comparison to increasing tapioca starch content. Coefficients of determination were higher than 0.85 of the response variables and significant regression models were applied to RSM optimization. Based on the response surface and superimposed plots, the compromised optimization condition obtained by numerical optimization was 39.04 % of tapioca-starch content, 56.99 g of xylitol content and 156.58 °C of barrel temperature.
Sediment as a Problem in Fame Storage
Authors: Głąb Jadwiga
Published: December 2016

This article characterizes circumstances associated with the formation of sediment in FAME and factors intensifying this process. It describes the formation of sediment due to oxidation of FAME and the precipitation of sediment in low temperatures of storage which relates to the raw material nature and incomplete production process of FAME. It indicates more causes of sediment’s formation originating from the incompatibility of construction materials used in logistics and microbiological contamination.
Analysis of Dynamic Response of Tramway on Tracks with Varying Level of Maintenance
Authors: Kominowski Julian , Staśkiewicz Tomasz
Published: December 2016

The paper presents feature of geometric track irregularities occurring on tram infrastructure with varying levels of maintenance and their influence on vehicle’s dynamic response. Measurements of vehicle’s model masses accelerations were conducted during rides on chosen track sections projecting real geometry. Frequency characteristics of vibration accelerations obtained from simulation and spectra of measured track irregularities were shown and compared to find the relationship between them.
Stoics on tropes and figures
Authors: Gutiérrez González Ramón
Published: December 2016

Karl Barwick held the stance that Stoics developed a doctrine of tropes and figures. After revising Barwick’s arguments – following the path traced, among others, by Baratin, Desbordes, Schenkeveld and Ax – we have concluded that Barwick’s assumption lacks a solid foundation. Thus, τρόπος and σχῆμα are not attested as rhetorical terms among the Stoics; furthermore, the alleged opposition between λέξις ‘Einzelwort’ and λόγος ‘zusammenhängende Rede’ – which is the keystone of Barwick’s reconstruction – does not take place in Stoic dialectics. We have also shown that the doctrine of
From Shtetl to Ghetto: Recognizing Yiddish in the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums
Authors: Grossman Jeffrey
Published: December 2016

This article has two aims: it seeks, first, to explore the German reception and translational context for Yiddish literature in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. And second, it seeks to explore the problem of recognition in relation to this literary reception. In so doing, it responds to ongoing disputes around the translation of Yiddish literature into German. A standard practice in such disputes is to attack the widely read translations of Alexander Eliasberg in terms that tend to echo the young Gershom Scholem’s own attack of 1917. By exploring the German translational and reception context to which these translations responded, this article seeks a different approach. It does so by asking: what kind of recognition – whether understood as knowledge or acknowledgement – were critics and translators able to bestow on Yiddish literature? Focusing on the
Vegetation diversity and selected abiotic factors influencing the primary succession process on the foreland of Gåsbreen, Svalbard
Authors: Wietrzyk Paulina , Węgrzyn Michał , Lisowska Maja
Published: December 2016

The rapidly changing Arctic provides excellent opportunities for investigating primary succession on freshly deglaciated areas. Research on the Gåsbreen foreland (S Spitsbergen) traced the succession of particular groups of organisms and species, particularly lichens and bryophytes, and determined the effect of selected abiotic factors on this succession. Fieldwork in 2008, employed a continuous linear transect of phytosociological relevés (1 m2) along the foreland. Data analysis allowed to distinguish five different succession stages and three types of colonisers. Canonical correspondence analysis and a permutation test showed that distance from the front of the glacier and fine grain material in the substrate mostly influenced the distribution and abundance of vegetation, and the steepness of the moraine hills affected the colonisation process, mainly in the older part of the marginal zone.
Recent distribution of Echinodermata species in Spitsbergen coastal waters
Authors: Deja Kajetan , Węsławski Jan Marcin , Borszcz Tomasz , Włodarska-Kowalczuk Maria , Kukliński Piotr , Bałazy Piotr , Kwiatkowska Patrycja
Published: December 2016

Thirty-two species of echinoderms from epibenthic sledges, dredges, scuba diving, and other samples (in total: 467 samples and c. 20 000 specimens) from fjords and coastal waters off Spitsbergen were analysed between 1996 and 2014. The most numerous group of echinoderms in the coastal waters off Spitsbergen is brittle stars (78% of the total individuals). The echinoderms do not form any clear assemblages according to depth or distance from glacial sedimentation and substrate. Some species prefer hard bottom (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) or water free from glacial suspensions (Ophiopholis aculeata). In contrast to the species listed above, we also found opportunistic species such as the starfish Urasterias lincki and the brittle star Ophiocten sericeum. These two species are distributed quite uniformly, regardless of the environmental factors. The majority of the species prefer a soft bottom below 200 m.
Valorization of banana peel: a biorefinery approach
Authors: Pathak Pranav D. , Mandavgane Sachin A. , Kulkarni Bhaskar D.
Published: December 2016

Banana peel (BP) is an agrowaste produced in large volumes annually, especially by food-processing industries; however, its disposal is of significant concern. However, recent research suggests that BP is a valuable source of bioactive compounds, which can be converted into value-added products. This article reviews the conversion process of value-added products from BP and provides an outline on the chemical composition of BP and its possible applications. In addition, we also discuss the utilization of BP as a substrate to produce animal feed, biofertilizer, dietary fibers, clean energy, industrial enzymes, as well as its use in the synthesis of nanomaterials. Based on the research conducted so far, it is obvious that BP has a wide variety of applications, and thus, developing a biorefinery approach to adequately utilize BP will help realize its economic benefits to the fullest. Based on the valorization of BP, a scheme for BP biorefinery has been proposed. A material balance for BP biorefinery for 1-ton bone-dry BP is presented and our results show that 432 kg of protein or 170 kg of citric acid, 170 kg of pectin, 325 m3 of ethanol, and 220 m3 of methane can be produced.
Comparing quartz silt surface microstructures in two sandy soils in young-glacial landscape of northern Poland
Authors: Jonczak Jerzy , Degórski Marek , Kruczkowska Bogusława
Published: December 2016

The studies on quartz silt surface microstructures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed in Brunic Arenosol and Gleyic Ortsteinic Podzol, as major components of soil cover of the lower supra-flood terrace of the Słupia River, N Poland. Brunic Arenosols have developed from coarse- and medium-grained fluvioglacial sands, whereas Podzols from aeolian sands of mid-Holocene age, which in some places were covered with younger aeolian deposits. A group of at least 100 randomly selected grains from each soil horizon have been analyzed. The grains were classified into one of the following groups: fresh (type A), grains with the features of chemical weathering (type B), grains coated with scaly-grain incrustations (type C), grains coated with bulbous incrustations (type D), and cracked grains (type E). Parent materials of the investigated soils did not differ significantly in terms of contribution of grain types and type C predominated in both soils. Significant differences were noted in soil solums. Grains covered by scaly-grained incrustations predominated in Brunic Arenosol, which constituted 62–89%. In the profile of Gleyic Ortsteinic Podzol grains type B predominated in AE and E horizons (65–82%), whereas in the remaining horizons grains type C (54–77%).
Economic effects of tourism and its influencing factors
Authors: Mayer Marius , Vogt Luisa
Published: December 2016

Zahlreiche Studien belegen die ökonomische Bedeutung des Tourismus, die mit Hilfe verschiedener theoretischer Konzepte und Methodenansätze analysiert werden kann. Dieser Einführungsbeitrag in das Themenheft gibt einen Überblick über die unterschiedlichen Konzepte zu den wirtschaftlichen Wirkungen des Tourismus und arbeitet deren wichtigste Einflussfaktoren heraus. Häufig werden der räumliche Maßstab sowie die Kostenseite des Tourismus übersehen. Besonderes Augenmerk richtet der vorliegende Beitrag auf einen weiteren, entscheidenden Einflussfaktor ökonomischer Effekte, die Besucherausgaben. Die Rolle des Ausgabeverhaltens der Besucher wird unter Rückgriff auf einen umfassenden Literaturüberblick vorgestellt. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, auf verallgemeinerbare und systematische Weise die wichtigsten Treiber des Ausgabeverhaltens von Besuchern zu identifizieren.
Student Brief: Culinary Zionism
Authors: Bessen Jacob
Published: December 2016

While discussions of Israeli cuisine as a distinct cultural field are relatively new, the cuisine already proliferates in media, food service, and industrial production. In content, it reflects influences from a variety of global sources. This article argues that Israeli cuisine arose through the application of Zionist historical intelligibility to diasporic and indigenous Arab cuisines. The result is a cuisine that embodies the characteristic, teleological “ingathering of exiles” to appropriate diasporic culinary traditions. This process characterizes Israel's hegemonic control of the means of narration and the production of a superfluous diasporic Jewish and indigenous Arab population.
“Let Them Eat Stuffed Peppers”: An Argument of Images on the Role of Food in Understanding Neoliberal Austerity in Greece
Authors: Sutton David
Published: December 2016

This paper focuses on how discourses of food have shaped understandings of what is at stake in the Greek crisis. Drawing from Karl Polanyi's concept of “embeddedness,” I argue that food is central to Greek interpretations of neoliberal policies and processes because of its centrality to Greek culture and identity. Food has also been a site of contested practices of “solidarity” and “charity” by which new social experiments are emerging in the wake of the breakdown of the welfare state. In arguing for food's centrality in the reshaping of Greek sociability, I will suggest that food be thought of not simply as a “topic” for anthropological investigation, but as a master-concept on the level of “kinship,” “ritual,” or “exchange” in any anthropological analysis of contemporary life.
World Society and the Global Foreign Aid Network
Authors: Swiss Liam
Published: December 2016

This article analyzes the relationship between foreign aid and globalization to explain developing-country ties to world society and argues that foreign aid can be viewed as a recursive mechanism through which donor states refine and spread international norms and organizational ties. Using network data on foreign aid relationships between countries, this article analyzes the effects of aid on human rights treaty ratification and international organization memberships in a sample of 135 less-developed countries from the period of 1975–2008. Results of random effects panel regression models show that increased aid network centrality brokers increased country ties to world society, supporting a novel interpretation of foreign aid as a transnational process of political globalization.
Caribe de Esteban Ramírez, una excusa visual para la marginalización del afrocostarricense
Authors: Solano Moraga Leonardo
Published: December 2016

En las últimas décadas, el espacio caribeño y la figura del afrocostarricense se han convertido en germen propulsor creativo que bien se podría interpretar como una celebración de los símbolos de un espacio y etnicidad oprimidos. Sin embargo, una lectura detallada muestra que sus propuestas podrían no pasar de lo anecdótico, estereotípico y exótico. Esta supuesta inserción del Caribe y los sujetos afrocostarricenses logran más bien, marginar y eliminar cualquier posibilidad deinserción, así como consolidar los discursos hegemónicos tradicionales, en los que se refuerza un nacionalismo del Valle Central, presentando los otros espacios como ajenos. Bajo esta impronta se inscribe Caribe (2004) de Esteban Ramírez. Este filme muestra al Caribe como un espacio exótico en donde los sujetos que conviven no pasan de ser forasteros, foráneos a cualquier discurso nacional verdadero e inclusivo. El ensayo reflexiona cómo a través de la introducción del Caribe y los sujetos afrocostarricenses, dentro de una problemática que les involucre como parte de la patria y una disyuntiva del Caribe como idilio o barbarie, reconstruye un sentido de exotismo que demuestra una contemporaneidad fragmentada. Es mediante una fetichización de la imagen del Caribe lo que permite que las líneas de la hegemonía relacionadas con el debate de la etnicidad y la identidad nacional sean reposicionadas para crear lo que el crítico Jerome Branche (1999) llama “nuevo consensus o ‘definición’ de la realidad, dirigida en última instancia a mantener el status quo” de la clase dominante.
Representaciones culturales de América Latina y Caribe un análisis de La música en Cuba de Alejo Carpentier
Authors: Pontes Renata
Published: December 2016

En este análisis de La música en Cuba (1946), de Alejo Carpentier, discutimos la inclusión del afrocubanismo en la conformación de la música y la cultura cubana, en conexión con los debates del nacionalismo y del vanguardismo. Tanto en este libro como en la literatura de Carpentier resuena su visión del tiempo y el concepto de lo real maravilloso, relacionados con la «autenticidad» de América Latina. Al mismo tiempo, su posición sobre las tareas del escritor latinoamericano gana acento particular cuando la música se convierte en el principal elemento para forjar la nacionalidad. Esta obra, que propone el arte musical como la clave de la «originalidad» de la cultura cubana, también permite analizar el papel que cumplen los intelectuales, en una época en que la literatura “asumía un puesto central dentro de las fuerzas componentes de la cultura del país o de la región” (Ángel Rama, 1985).
En torno al campo literario afrohispanoamericano
Authors: Valero Silvia
Published: December 2016

Aunque la presencia de subjetividades negras no es nueva en la literatura latinoamericana, el campo no había adquirido la fuerza ni la recurrencia utópica que ha logrado en los últimos quince años. Esto se articula con el avasallante movimiento socio-político ‘afrodescendiente’ –categoría identitaria consensuada en el año 2000–, que ha creado una retórica desde la antropología, la sociología, el campo jurídico, etc. que también ha permeado el discurso literario. Propongo en este artículo que la racialización positiva y desde debajo, es decir, desde los mismos sectores subalternizados, de los últimos años, ha provocado una retórica estimulante de un “deber ser” afrodescendiente que se reitera a lo largo de la obra, no solo ficcional, sino también de cierto sector de la crítica. Este trabajo intenta problematizar la fuerza con que la retórica de las producciones de identidad afrodescendiente ha ingresado en la crítica literaria hispanoamericana de los últimos años provocando, en algunos casos, lecturas generalizadoras y racializadas que naturalizanla idea de pre-existencia y transhistoricidad de un ‘ser afro’.
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Mahajan Vasudha , Jain Sunil K.
Published: December 2016

Neonatal jaundice is commonly encountered in the neonatal period. Although it is mostly asymptomatic, severe cases may present as encephalopathy or kernicterus. Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is the most common cause of nonimmune hemolytic anemia and the third most common cause of kernicterus after glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency and ABO isoimmunization. Awareness of the clinical presentation and the laboratory tests necessary to diagnose the disease can lead to early detection and effective interventions, thereby preventing adverse outcomes. This article focuses on HS: its pathophysiology, clinical presentation in the neonatal period, natural history, and the relevant diagnostic features of evaluation.
Fetal and Neonatal Renal Failure and Renal Transplant
Authors: Wong Cynthia J.
Published: December 2016

Major advances have been made over the past few decades in caring for neonates with chronic renal disease. Although dialysis registries report infants as a high-risk population for poor outcomes, these children can be effectively maintained on dialysis until they are ready for receiving a transplant. Early identification of the presence of chronic renal disease is helpful in preparing for postnatal complications and to counsel parents on potential outcomes of infants with chronic kidney disease.
Compaction and Collapse Characteristics of Dune Sand Stabilized with Lime-Silica Fume Mix
Authors: Fattah Mohammed Y. , Joni Hasan H. , Al-Dulaimy Ahmed S. A.
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this research is to assess the suitability of dune sands as construction materials. Moreover, such a goal is considered beneficial in determining appropriate methods for soil stabilization or ground improvement and to assessing the suitability of dune sands as subgrade layer for carrying roads and rail foundation. Dune sand samples were collected from a region in Baiji area in Salah-Aldeen governorate, North of Iraq. A grey-colored densified silica fume (SF) and lime (L) are used. Three percentages are used for lime (3%, 6%, and 9%), and four rates are used for silica fume (3%, 6%, 9% and 12%) and the maximum percentage of silica fume is mixed with the proportions of lime. Unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) on compacted dune sands treated dune sands with L-SF by mixing and cured for one day. The increasing in CBR ranged between 443 – 707% at 2.54 mm penetration and 345 – 410% at 5.08 mm penetration.   ResumenEl propósito de esta investigación es evaluar el uso de arena de dunas como materiales de construcción. Además, este objetivo permite determinar los métodos apropiados para la estabilización del suelo, el mejoramiento del terreno y la evaluación de pertinencia de la arena de dunas en capas subbase para carreteras y cimientos férreos. Se recolectaron muestras de arena de dunas en el área de Baiji, del comisionado Salah-Aldeen, al norte de Irak. Se utilizó vapor de óxido de silicio (SF, en inglés), grisáceo y densificado, y óxido de calcio (L). Se utilizaron tres porcentajes para el óxido de calcio (3 %, 6 % y 9 %), y cuatro para el óxido de silicio (3 %, 6 %,  9% y 12%) y el máximo porcentaje del óxido de silicio se mezcló con las proporciones de óxido de calcio. Se realizó en seco el Ensayo de Relación de Soporte de California (del inglés California Bearing Ratio, CBR) en arena de dunas compactada y tratada con la mezcla L-SF curada durante un día. El incremento en el ensayo CBR osciló entre 443-707 % en la penetración de 2.5 mm y 345-410 % en la penetración de 5.08 mm.
Study of distribution of remaining oil in West Block of the Third District in North Saertu
Authors: Wei Huabin , Zhu Huanlai , Shi Shangming , Yang Xinliang , Zhang Jingjun , Wang Jian , Ashraf Muhammad Aqeel
Published: December 2016

Identifying remaining oil distribution is an essential study at the Third District in North Saertu of the West Block in Daqing Oilfield. This field is known as a flooding fine potential tapping demonstration zone, characterized by a long-developing history and complex well history. Based on tectonic features and sedimentary characteristics of the study area, the methods of facies controlled reservoir 3D geological modeling and numerical simulation are used in the process of establishing the geological 3D static model. In this paper, we summarized the causes and distribution law of remaining oil in the study area by using the method of fine reservoir numerical simulation to provide a reliable basis for the development and adjustment of the oil field. In combination with fine exploration such as water drive fracturing, water plugging, reperforating and injection-production segment, the recoverable reserves recovery rate could be effectively increased. Estudio de la distribución del remanente de petróleo en el bloque oriental del tercer distrito, en el norte de Sartu, China ResumenLa identificación de la distribución del remanente de petróleo es un estudio esencial en el tercer distrito del norte de Sartu, que corresponde al bloque occidental del campo petrolífero de Daqing. Este campo es conocido como una zona ejemplar para aprovechar el potencial de explotación por inundación y que se caracteriza por una historia compleja y de largo desarrollo de sus pozos. Con base a las características tectónicas y sedimentarias del área de estudio se utlilizaron los métodos de modelado geológico 3D en depósitos con facies controladas y la simulación numérica en el proceso de establecer el modelo geológico 3D estático. En este artículo se establecen las causas y la ley distributiva del remanente de petróleo en el área de estudio a través del método de simulación numérica de depósitos de alta resolución que provea una base fiable para el desarrollo y ajuste del campo petrolero. Con la combinación de métodos de exploración como la fractura dirigida con agua, taponamiento acuático, reperforación y segmentos de inyección-producción, el índice de recuperación de reservas podría incrementar efectivamente.
La condena de la venganza privada tras la justicia punitiva. Contraste y continuidad entre La Orestíada de Esquilo y el derecho hegeliano
Authors: Ibarra Víctor
Published: December 2016

Se abordan dos formas de justicia en principio antagónicas: la retributiva, propia del mundo de los héroes y de la venganza antigua, y la punitiva, de tradición tanto antigua como moderna, que consiste en la racionalización de la violencia mediante el tribunal. Se muestra la preeminencia de la punitiva, el antagonismo a medias con la retributiva, que viene a ser la apropiación de la violencia por la necesidad (dios, destino, Estado), y su marginación del ámbito de la justicia.
La minoría de edad como despotismo de las facultades. Antropología y política en Respuesta a la pregunta: ¿qué es ilustración?
Authors: González Fisac Jesús
Published: December 2016

Se examina el trasfondo subjetivo de Respuesta a la pregunta: ¿qué es la ilustración?, que anuncia la condición antropológico-política de la minoría de edad; mostrán-dose que su objetivo es lograr la ilustración del Estado a partir de dicha condición. Finalmente, se expone cómo la minoría de edad es la traslación antropológica del despotismo político, y cómo este se traduce lógico-subjetivamente en los prejuicios
El ánimo neoplatónico de la hermenéutica de Gadamer
Authors: Gutiérrez Carlos
Published: December 2016

El ser en su riqueza se expresa en el lenguaje que emana también del ser. El lenguaje emergió de su olvido en la filosofía griega, gracias a las ideas cristianas de encarnación y trinidad que le hicieron más justicia. El mayor milagro del lenguaje no estriba en que la palabra aparezca en su ser externo, sino en el hecho de que lo que emerge y se manifiesta sea siempre palabra. La vuelta de Gadamer al final de Verdad y método, en torno a la evidencia de que el ser de lo bello consiste en presentarse, ilustra la estructura universal del ser mismo. Apalabrar a lo que es el ser mismo. Lo que determina y hace posible la interpretación es el presentarse del ser de lo que es.
Knauss, Stefan. Von der Conquista zur Responsibility while Protecting. Die Debatte zur humanitär gerechtfertigten Kriegsführung aus lateinamerikanischer Perspektive.
Authors: Arrese Igor Héctor Óscar
Published: December 2016

Knauss, Stefan. Von der Conquista zur Responsibility while Protecting. Die Debatte zur humanitär gerechtfertigten Kriegsführung aus lateinamerikanischer Perspektive. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Edition, 2016. 274 pp.
Sánchez, Liliana Carolina. Traditio animae: la recepción aristotélica de las teorías presocráticas del alma
Authors: Bermúdez Juan Pablo
Published: December 2016

Sánchez, Liliana Carolina. Traditio animae: la recepción aristotélica de las teorías presocráticas del alma. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2016. 348 pp.
Giusti, Miguel. Disfraces y extravíos. Sobre el descuido del alma.
Authors: Uribe Ángela
Published: December 2016

Giusti, Miguel. Disfraces y extravíos. Sobre el descuido del alma. Ciudad de México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2016. 248 pp.
Ecosofia: sabedoria da Casa Comum
Authors: Maffesoli Michel
Published: December 2016

Pensar a pós-modernidade, em certo sentido, significa pensar as transformações das leituras sobre a relação do intelecto, que olha o mundo de fora, com o cotidiano, onde tudo é vivido como intensidade imediata. Retorno da potência selvagem. Potência que vem de longe e reencontra nova vitalidade nas práticas juvenis, nos agrupamentos esportivos, nas histerias musicais e outras aglomerações religiosas. Através de todos esses fenômenos, é a selvageria da natureza que se exprime. Atitudes radicais, ou seja, que retomam relações com essas raízes profundas que constituem a cadeia sem fim que liga um século a outro. Cadeia que o progressismo acreditara romper.
O Espelho: Infopropaganda britânica para Portugal e para o Brasil durante a I Guerra Mundial
Authors: Lima Helena , Sousa Jorge Pedro
Published: December 2016

Cem anos passaram sobre o início da I Guerra Mundial, na qual intervieram países como Portugal e o Brasil. A imprensa, apelidada de “bala de papel”, tornou-se, uma peça central na propaganda para a formação de correntes de opinião pró e contra a guerra. A imprensa ilustrada foi particularmente relevante nesse processo. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo descrever a forma como a revista britânica ilustrada O Espelho, redigida em português e difundida em Portugal e Brasil, apresentou a I Guerra Mundial. Concluiu-se que a revista se apresentava como informativa, mas que os seus textos e imagens são propagandísticos e anti-germânicos, o que se compreende sabendo-se que O Espelho foi uma das revistas ilustradas concebidas pelo War Propaganda Bureau para difundir universalmente os pontos de vista britânicos sobre o conflito.
Da história das mulheres ao cinema brasileiro de autoria feminina
Authors: Holanda Karla
Published: December 2016

As mulheres têm feito menos filmes que os homens, embora cada vez produzam mais. Ainda assim, muitos de seus filmes foram ignorados ou receberam pouca atenção. Para compreender esse desequilíbrio, este artigo faz um painel sobre a secular discriminação da mulher na sociedade. Igualmente demonstra que sempre houve resistência das mulheres a essa subjugação. Nosso objetivo é reforçar a razão de se destacar filmes feitos por mulheres, afinal na história do cinema, assim como na história em geral, como defende Joan Scott, a parte concernente às mulheres não está suficientemente contemplada. Em seguida, apresentamos e discutimos três filmes pouco conhecidos da história do cinema brasileiro, mesmo que tragam elementos estilísticos, históricos e temáticos contundentes – A entrevista (Helena Solberg, 1966), Os homens que eu tive (Tereza Trautman, 1973) e Feminino Plural (Vera de Figueiredo, 1976).
Vascular flora of a Yungas forest in Jujuy province, northwestern Argentina
Authors: Martín Claudia M. , Panassiti Bernd , Entrocassi Gabriela S.
Published: December 2016

A floristic survey was carried out in Yungas forests of the San José de Chijra river basin (Jujuy, Argentina). This is the first comprehensive study of vascular plants made in the area, a region relatively unknown in terms of vegetation. We present the results of this field survey; 172 species, 127 genera and 51 plant families are documented. Of these, 149 are native and 17 are endemic. Of the latter, three are endemic to Argentina, 11 to northestern Argentina, and three to Jujuy province. Families with the greatest number of species were Asteraceae (50), Solanaceae (13), Fabaceae (12), and Poaceae (8). According to IUCN criteria, two species are classified as threatened. Our data substantially increase our knowledge of the diversity of the regional flora and will provide an important contribution in developing conservation policy.
New records and geographic distribution of Grey Woolly Monkeys, Lagothrix cana (É. Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates, Atelidae), in southern Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: Nunes André V. , Orsini Vinicius S.
Published: December 2016

We report a range extension of the Grey Woolly Monkey, Lagothrix cana, from southwestern Amazonia, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Lagothrix cana was seen in a forest fragment near the “arc of deforestation”. This new record shows the need for conservation of forests in the region to protect this endangered species.
Effects of two different sealer material on fiber post bond strength in root canal
Authors: Kurniawaty Kurniawaty , Rovani Christine A. , Nugroho Juni J. , Natsir Nurhayaty , Mattulada Indrya K.
Published: December 2016

This study was aimed to determine the effect of epoxy resin-based and MTA-based sealer on fiber post bond strength in the root canal wall.Samples are mandibulary first premolar, with a single root canal. They are divided into three groups: negative control group which is a gutta percha obturation without sealer, gutta percha obturation with epoxy resin based sealer [AH Plus], and gutta percha obturation with MTA-based sealer [MTA Fillapex] groups. Samples were decoronated, prepared, obturated and then stored in the incubator at room temperature for one week, the post space were prepared for fiber post insertion. Samples were mounted in the PVC pipes before insertion. Samples were stored in the incubator for one day before bond strength testing. Universal testing machine was used with the speed of 0,5 mm/minutes. Data were collected and analysed using ANOVA.The result showed that the fiber post bond strength in the root canal obturated with epoxy resin-based sealer was higher [12.311 N/mm2] than MTA-based sealer [10.786 N/mm2], but that result was not statistically significant. Therefore, it was concluded that the root canal obturated with epoxy resin-based sealer did not yield a significant bond strength [p = 0.689] compared to MTA-based sealer [p> 0.05].
Evaluation of Single Layer Hafnium Nitride Coated Tool for Metal Cutting
Authors: Navarro Devia John Henry , Chaparro Willian Aperador , Lizarazo Jairo Cortes
Published: December 2016

The main purpose of coatings is to increase the lifetime of cutting tools, to perform continuous and economical material removal process, reducing the frequency of sharpening or replacement of the tool, which contributes to increase quality of product. Therefore, hafnium nitride (HfN) single layer coatings were deposited on High-speed steel by Magnetron Sputtering physical vapour deposition (PVD). The machining on AISI 1020 steel samples were carried out in a computer numerical control (CNC) machine, using coated and uncoated tools, the temperature of the different components were measured (steel bar and tool), due to continuous temperature measurement help to predict tool wear and the quality of finished piece [1] . In order to evaluate wear resistance and performance, not only temperature data were compared, the tool wear morphological analysis for flank wear was carried using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and work pieces roughness were checked through their surfaces in an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). In most of the parameters evaluated differences between the tools were identified, and results reveals that on HfN coating, occurs less wear, due the proportionality between the energy transfer and the tool deterioration, also the coating improves surface finish of the machined part; all of them are reflected in changes on process temperatures. The use of single layer HfN coating on cutting tools could increase their lifetime, improve the quality of the work piece, and even reduce process time and cost.
Natural Gas Industry: Materials and Corrosion
Authors: Salinas R. , So A. , Valdez B. , Schorr M. , Bastidas J. M. , Carrillo M. , Alvarez L.
Published: December 2016

Corrosion is a worldwide, crucial problem that strongly affects natural and industrial environments, in particular the oil and gas industry. Natural gas (NG) is a source of energy in industrial, residential, commercial and electric applications. The abundance of NG in many countries augurs a profitable situation for the vast energy industry. NG is considered friendlier to the environment and with lesser greenhouse gas emissions as compared with other fossil fuels. In the last years, shale gas is increasingly exploited in U.S. and Europe, applying a hydraulic fracturing technique, for releasing gas from the bed rock by injection of saline water, acidic chemicals and sand to the wells. Various critical sectors of the NG industry infrastructure suffer from several types of corrosion: steel casings of production wells and their drilling equipment; gas conveying pipelines including pumps and valves; plants for regasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and municipal networks of NG distribution to the consumers. Practical technologies that minimize or prevent corrosion include selection of corrosion resistant engineering materials, cathodic protection, corrosion inhibitors, and application of external and internal paints, coatings and linings. Mexico is undergoing an intense reform process of the energy sector, that involves its oil, NG and electricity industries. Typical cases of corrosion management in the NG industry are presented based on the authors experience and knowledge.