bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protection to Personal Data Using Decentralizing Privacy of Blockchain.
Authors: Khedekar Vilas Baburao , Hiremath Shruti Sangmesh , Sonawane Prashant Madhav , Rajput Dharmendra Singh
Published: September 2022

In today's world, we deal with various online services, where each person deals with various technologies. These technologies are made for people to make our access to the new world easily. There is a tremendous use of online applications, websites which require large storage. Large data is handled by the online systems. The collection of data in the whole world is about 20% in the last few years. The data is captured from the user, controlled by the systems, and operations are performed on data. It requires more system accuracy and protection to personal data. But the person does not know about the data, where and how it is used where it is stored or whether the data is handled by some organisations for their own use or data is been hacked by another person. This chapter explores protection of data using the decentralized privacy of blockchain.
Advanced Cyber Security and Internet of Things for Digital Transformations of the Indian Healthcare Sector
Authors: Lamba Jonika , Jain Esha
Published: September 2022

Cybersecurity is not just about fortification of data. It has wide implications such as maintaining safety, privacy, integrity, and trust of the patients in the healthcare sector. This study methodically reviews the need for cybersecurity amid digital transformation with the help of emerging technologies and focuses on the application and incorporation of blockchain and the internet of things (IoT) to ensure cybersecurity in the well-being of the business. It was found in the study that worldwide, advanced technology has been used in managing the flow of data and information, India should focus on maintaining the same IT-enabled infrastructure to reduce causalities in the nation and on the other hand improve administration, privacy, and security in the hospital sector. Depending on the network system, resource allocation, and mobile devices, there is a need to prioritize the resources and efforts in the era of digitalization.
Financial Linkages and Shock Spillovers in the Countries of Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe
Authors: Jakšić Saša
Published: September 2022

At the start of the third decade of the 21st century, the countries of Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) are still lagging behind ‘old' EU Member States in regards to various macroeconomic and social indicators. This is particularly evident when considering the development of the financial sector, especially the non-banking part. This chapter focuses on the stock markets of eleven CESEE countries and analyzes potential macroeconomic factors that contribute to explaining the dynamics of real equity prices. To account for cross-country linkages and potential spillovers, global vector autoregressive (GVAR) methodology is applied. The estimated impact elasticities enabled the pinpointing of CESEE countries with stronger linkages to foreign stock markets. Generalized impulse response functions indicated the existence of statistically significant spillovers, the strongest spillovers coming from the German stock market. The empirical results also showed spillovers from CESEE countries' stock markets, bond markets, as well as from real shocks.
Hard and Soft Skills in the Sports, Events, and Tourism Industries
Authors: Arnott Ian
Published: September 2022

Within the tourism, events, and sports sector, there are many skills needed to be employable; however, some of the complex and soft skills are transferable due to their nature. The key elements for such diverse fields are their transferability, particularly their soft skills that are intrinsic in many cases. Some say there is a lack of transferability in some of the soft skills. However, as this chapter will discuss, the skills are essential in these specific sectors of the service industry and are necessary to increase an individual's opportunity for employability. So what has become apparent through the issues and arguments that have been raised is that higher educational institutions (HEIs) would need to equip students and practitioners to continue their education with the necessary soft skills. This will need to be through the courses and continued personal development (CPD) for those currently working or intending to move into the industry.
Enhancing Your Employability
Authors: Arnott Ian , Carney Michelle M.
Published: September 2022

The sports sector is incredibly competitive as is the events industry, and therefore, those looking to break into the sector, particularly graduates, have an uphill task in demonstrating why they should be considered for roles in highly competitive environments. This is especially challenging in the sports sector as there isn't a particularly high churn rate, and those that do leave jobs tend to stay in the sector, therefore reducing the number of entry level positions. However, there is good news. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need for digitisation across all sectors, and the parts of the sports sector that have been lagging in the digital revolution are having to urgently review systems and processes and how sport is delivered and consumed. This is where the key opportunities for Gen Z are, as a generation who have grown up with technology, the internet, and social media.
Urban Intelligence and IoT-UAV Applications in Smart Cities
Authors: R. Prince , Munoth Navneet , Sharma Neha
Published: September 2022

The objective of this chapter is to propose a model of an automated city crime-health management that can be implemented in future smart cities of developing countries. The chapter discusses how a suitable amalgamation of existing technologies such as IoT, artificial intelligence, and machine learning can output an efficient system of unmanned city management systems, thereby facilitating indirect engendering of innovative scopes for technology workers and researchers and alleviating the living standards within the city fabrics, catalyzing infrastructure development. In this chapter, the authors have structured an ideal UAV-matrix layout for city fabric surveillance built over the scopes of artificial intelligence. Succinctly, this chapter provides a platform that would galvanize the possibilities and that could be reimagined to structure a more resourceful working model of new emerging smart cities and enlighten the settings of existing ones.
Mathematical Modeling of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Smart City Vehicular Surveillance Systems
Authors: P. S. Divya , G. Manoj , S. Jebasingh
Published: September 2022

In the real world, smart city traffic management is a difficult phenomenon. Introducing the internet of things into traffic management systems in smart cities is a huge challenge. Smart city definitions differ from city to city and country to country, depending on the city's level of growth, willingness to change and reform, finances, and ambitions. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been used in a variety of applications for civil and defense infrastructure management. These uses include crowd surveillance, transportation, emergency management, and building design inspection. In smart cities, a variety of transport options exist with respect to public transport and private transport connectivity. The mathematical modelling-based vehicular network enables automobile manufacturers to incorporate smart features into vehicles at a low cost, boosting their market competitiveness. This proposal addresses the challenges concerning the surveillance system for smart city traffic management systems (TMSs).
Business Transformation and Enterprise Architecture Projects
Authors: Trad Antoine
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, the author bases his research projects on his authentic mixed multidisciplinary applied mathematical model for transformation projects. His mathematical model, named the applied holistic mathematical model for project (AHMM4P), is supported by a tree-based heuristics structure. The AHMM4P is similar to the human empirical decision-making process and applicable to any type of project, aimed to support the evolution of organisational, national, or enterprise transformation initiatives. The AHMM4P can be used for the development of the enterprise information systems and their decision-making systems, based on artificial intelligence, data sciences, enterprise architecture, big data, and machine learning. The author tries to prove that an AHMM4P-based action research approach can unify the currently frequently used siloed machine learning trends.
Future Trends and Challenges of UAV
Authors: V. Tharun , S. Parthiban , Marry Thusnavis Bella , K. Martin Sagayam , Elngar Ahmed A.
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, the design, modeling, and control of a UAV was presented. The conceptual design stages of the UAV were analyzed in detail. UAVs as observers in the sky will remain important for the indefinite future. Agriculture, water quality monitoring, disease detection, crop monitoring, yield predictions, and drought monitoring are just a few of the applications. Healthcare, microbiological and laboratory samples, drugs, vaccines, emergency medical supplies, and patient transportation can all be delivered using drones.
The Effect of Lean Accounting Implementation on Organizational Performance
Authors: Ditkaew Kanthana
Published: September 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of lean accounting implementation on organizational performance through the mediating effect of strategic decision-making and continuous improvement. Five hundred and five executives in the medical device manufacturing industry's organization were chosen as the sample, and the data were collected. The results of the structural equation model (SEM) of the analysis model's fit index of conceptual model are indicated by the index examining the absolute quality of fit measure. Additionally, the results of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis and path coefficients and hypothesis testing show that lean accounting implementation plays a positive, significant role in determining and driving strategic decision-making and continuous improvement. Strategic decision-making and continuous improvement positively affect organizational performance. Therefore, firms with lean manufacturing must focus lean accounting to lead to information for decision making and revenue improvement and to increase the profit for firms.
No Association of Early Postoperative Heart Rate With Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Morita Yoshihisa , Kumasawa Junji , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Izawa Junichi , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Raghunathan Karthik , Bartz Raquel R. , Thompson Annemarie , Ohnuma Tetsu
Published: September 2022

Background

Elevated perioperative heart rate potentially causes perioperative myocardial injury because of imbalance in oxygen supply and demand. However, large multicenter studies evaluating early postoperative heart rate and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) are lacking.

Objective

To assess the associations of 4 postoperative heart rate assessment methods with in-hospital MACCEs after elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods

Using data from the eICU Collaborative Research Database in the United States from 2014 to 2015, the study evaluated postoperative heart rate measured during hospitalization within 24 hours after intensive care unit admission. Four heart rate assessment methods were evaluated: maximum heart rate, duration above heart rate 100/min, area above heart rate 100/min, and time-weighted average heart rate. The outcome was in-hospital MACCEs, defined as a composite of in-hospital death, myocardial infarction, angina, arrhythmia, heart failure, stroke, cardiac arrest, or repeat revascularization.

Results

Among 2585 patients, the crude rate of in-hospital MACCEs was 6.2%. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for in-hospital MAC-CEs assessed by maximum heart rate in each heart rate category (beats per minute: >100-110, >110-120, >120-130, and >130) were 1.43 (0.95-2.15), 0.98 (0.56-1.64), 1.47 (0.76-2.69), and 1.71 (0.80-3.35), respectively. Similarly, none of the other 3 methods were associated with MACCEs.

Conclusions

More research is needed to assess the usefulness of heart rate measurement in patients after CABG.
What the American Journal of Critical Care Junior Peer Reviewers Were Reading During Year 2 of the Program
Authors: Smith L. Douglas , Alne Thomas , Briere Heather , Hernandez Angelica , Freeman Regi , Gabel Katie , Berube Jennifer , Carreon Christian Justin , Grimshaw Kelly S. , Indar-Maraj Mintie , Ledford Lori , Rosier Patricia , Tyner Tracy , Walker Janeane , Hope Aluko A.
Published: September 2022

The American Journal of Critical Care’s Junior Peer Reviewer program aims to mentor novice reviewers in the peer review process. To grow their critical appraisal skills, the participants take part in discussion sessions in which they review articles published in other journals. Here we summarize the articles reviewed during the second year of the program, which again focused on the care of critically ill patients with COVID-19. This article aims to share these reviews and the reviewers’ thoughts regarding the relevance, design, and applicability of the findings from the selected studies. High rates of delirium associated with COVID-19 may be impacted by optimizing sedation strategies and allowing safe family visitation. Current methodology in crisis standards of care may result in inequity and further research is needed. The use of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal to facilitate super low tidal volume ventilation does not improve 90-day mortality outcomes. Continued research to better understand the natural history of COVID-19 and interventions useful for improving outcomes is imperative.
Prevention of Endotracheal Tube–Related Pressure Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Moser Chandler H. , Peeler Anna , Long Robert , Schoneboom Bruce , Budhathoki Chakra , Pelosi Paolo P. , Brenner Michael J. , Pandian Vinciya
Published: September 2022

Background

Hospital-acquired pressure injuries, including those related to airway devices, are a significant source of morbidity in critically ill patients.

Objective

To determine the incidence of endotracheal tube–related pressure injuries in critically ill patients and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent injury.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies of pediatric or adult patients in intensive care units that evaluated interventions to reduce endotracheal tube–related pressure injury. Reviewers extracted data on study and patient characteristics, incidence of pressure injury, type and duration of intervention, and outcomes. Risk of bias assessment followed the Cochrane Collaboration’s criteria.

Results

Twelve studies (5 randomized clinical trials, 3 quasi-experimental, 4 observational) representing 9611 adult and 152 pediatric patients met eligibility criteria. The incidence of pressure injury was 4.2% for orotracheal tubes and 21.1% for nasotracheal tubes. Interventions included anchor devices, serial endotracheal tube assessment or repositioning, and barrier dressings for nasotracheal tubes. Meta-analysis revealed that endotracheal tube stabilization was the most effective individual intervention for preventing pressure injury. Nasal alar barrier dressings decreased the incidence of skin or mucosal injury in patients undergoing nasotracheal intubation, and data on effectiveness of serial assessment and repositioning were inconclusive.

Conclusions

Airway device–related pressure injuries are common in critically ill patients, and patients with nasotracheal tubes are particularly susceptible to iatrogenic harm. Fastening devices and barrier dressings decrease the incidence of injury. Evidence regarding interventions is limited by lack of standardized assessments.
Immunofluorescence signal intensity measurements as a semi-quantitative tool to assess sarcoglycan complex expression in muscle biopsy
Authors: Zanotti Simona , Magri Francesca , Poggetti Francesca , Ripolone Michela , Velardo Daniele , Fortunato Francesco , Ciscato Patrizia , Moggio Maurizio , Corti Stefania , Comi Giacomo Pietro , Sciacco Monica
Published: September 2022

Sarcoglycanopathies are highly heterogeneous in terms of disease progression, muscular weakness, loss of ambulation and cardiac/respiratory involvement. Their clinical severity usually correlates with the residual protein amount, which makes protein quantification extremely relevant. Sarcoglycanopathy diagnosis is genetic, but skeletal muscle analysis - by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot (WB) - is still mandatory to establish the correct diagnostic process. Unfortunately, however, WB analysis cannot be performed if the bioptic specimen is scarce. This study provides a sensitive tool for semi-quantification of residual amount of sarcoglycans in patients affected by sarcoglycanopathies, based on immunofluorescence staining on skeletal muscle sections, image acquisition and software elaboration. We applied this method to eleven sarcoglycanopathies, seven Becker muscular dystrophies and four age-matched controls. Fluorescence data analysed in patients and compared to age-matched controls showed a significant reduction of the mutated sarcoglycan expression and a variable reduction of the other sarcoglycans. Fluorescence normalized data analysed in relation to the age of onset of the disease, showed a negative correlation of α-sarcoglycan fluorescent signal versus fibrosis in patients with an early age of onset and a negative correlation between δ-sarcoglycan signal and fibrosis in both intermediate and late age of onset groups. The availability of a method that allows objective quantification of the sarcolemmal proteins, faster and less consuming than WB analysis and able to detect low residual sarcoglycan expression with great sensitivity, proves useful to better define both patient prognosis and expected disease evolution. The proposed method could be employed also to monitor the efficacy of therapeutic interventions and during clinical trials.
Effect of different cooking treatments on the residual level of sulphites in shrimps
Authors: Berardi Giovanna , Di Taranto Aurelia , Vita Valeria , Marseglia Ciro , Iammarino Marco
Published: September 2022

Sulphiting agents (or sulphites) are a class of food additives identified in Europe by codes E220-E228. Their addition in crustaceans is permitted with specific legal limits for avoiding the so-called “blackspot” that is a defect that compromises the marketability of these products. High levels of ingested sulphites may cause pseudoallergenic reactions in susceptible people. Moreover, they can exercise mutagenic and citotoxic effects other that destroy some vitamins such as thiamine, folic acid, nicotinamide and pyridoxal. The residual level of sulphites in crustaceans can be considerably affected by the specific method of cooking. In this study, 5 traditional procedures of cooking – grilling, oven, frying, steaming and stewed cooking – were compared to verify their effect on the residual concentration of sulphites in shrimp samples. The analytical determination was carried out using a fully validated and accredited analytical method by ion chromatography with conductivity detection. The results demonstrated that cooking leads to the decrease of sulphites levels in the products, with the highest percentage of reduction (55.3%) obtained by steaming and the lowest using oven (13.9%). The results of this study confirm that the specific method of cooking should be taken into account during “total diet studies” and risk assessment for appraising the effective number of sulphites ingested from crustaceans consumption.
Dehydroabietic acid chemosensitizes drug-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by downregulating survivin expression
Authors: Shen Li-Li , Huang Wei-Hua , Zhao Hui-Jun , Yuan Xue-Wei
Published: September 2022

Objective:

To explore the mechanism of drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the anti-tumor effect of combination therapy of dehydroabietic acid and vincristine against acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.

Methods:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells REH and CCRF- CEM were employed to detect the anti-tumor effect of vincristine and doxorubicin on proliferation and apoptosis using EdU assay, human active caspase-3 Quantikine ELISA kit, and flow cytometry. Vincristine-resistant REH cells (REH-R), survivin knockdown and overexpressing REH cells were established to verify the role of survivin in drug resistance. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo assays were performed to determine the effect of dehydroabietic acid on the cytotoxicity of vincristine.

Results:

Vincristine and doxorubicin markedly suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of REH and CCRF-CEM cells. Survivin expression was upregulated in REH-R cells compared with REH cells. Knockdown of survivin expression obviously restored the sensitivity of REH-R cells to vincristine. Akt phosphorylation was also increased in REH-R cells compared to REH cells. In addition, LY294002, a PI3k/Akt pathway blocker, inhibited survivin expression and enhanced cytotoxicity of vincristine to REH-R cells. Dehydroabietic acid effectively reduced survivin expression in REH-R cells, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect of vincristine on drug-resistant cells. Survivin overexpression markedly reduced the effect of dehydroabietic acid on enhancing the anti-proliferation and inducing apoptosis effect of vincristine. Moreover, the combination of dehydroabietic acid with vincristine significantly extended the survival rate in a mouse xenograft model of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, compared with vincristine treatment alone.

Conclusions:

Dehydroabietic acid may be used as a potential candidate for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in combination with vincristine.
Diagnosis of external invasive cervical tooth resorption and its management using biodentine
Authors: Baranwal Harakh Chand , Yadav Jyoti , Rani Prachi , Samad Silviya , Ayubi Aiyman
Published: September 2022

Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is a rare advancing and expansionist kind of external tooth resorption that commences within the cervical region. The treatment goal must be a complete elimination of all resorbing tissues and restoration of the resorptive defect with the placement of an acceptable filling material to achieve desired function and esthetics. The successful outcome of treatment depends on early detection and proper diagnosis. This article shows the detection and management of maxillary right central incisor in a 24-year-old female diagnosed with ICR, using biodentine and resin-modified glass ionomer cement.
The onset of mucormycosis amidst COVID-19 crises in India
Authors: Rath Shakti
Published: September 2022

A descriptive analysis of the “Mucormycosis” or “black fungus infection” surge in India is given in this article. Amidst the pool of deadly COVID-19 crises and when India is suffering its second wave, another dangerous but rare fungal infection of mucormycosis is rising. This study analyses the occurrence and prevalence of black fungus infection between India and other countries with a higher or similar COVID-19 infection peak. This study also identifies that mucormycosis is a more significant problem in India than in any other country.
A study to rationalize the health-care (clinical and medical) record forms in use at SGPGIMS hospital, in conformance with inter/national guidelines, so as to ensure structural and contextual uniformity while updating the same for prospective in-house consumption by the end users
Authors: Harsvardhan Rajesh , Jaiswal Arushi , Kapoor Prerna , Halder Rudrashish
Published: September 2022

Background:

Effectual management of medical records (MR) is a prime component in health-care delivery organizations. A standardized medical form facilitates for obtaining comprehensive information along with appropriate documentation for swift and efficient retrieval of information pertaining to the quality of patient care. It seems astounding that hitherto, there have been no set standards/criteria to evaluate MR forms. With this backdrop, the study aimed to rationalize MR forms in use at SGPGIMS in conformance with the inter/national guidelines as a stride toward quality improvement.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to rationalize the health-care (clinical and medical) record forms in use at SGPGIMS hospital, in conformance with inter/national guidelines, to ensure structural and contextual uniformity while updating the same for prospective in-house consumption by the end user.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to obtain the health-care (clinical and medical) record forms in use at SGPGIMS hospital. To compare the health-care (clinical and medical) record forms in use at SGPGIMS hospital with inter/national guidelines through the appropriate designed tool, i.e., (structured checklist). To recommend an evidence-based modification in health-care (clinical and medical) record forms based on analysis of data obtained, to ensure structural and contextual uniformity while updating the same for the prospective in-house users, if required.

Methodology:

A descriptive study was carried out at Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, with a study sample of preidentified health-care (clinical and medical) forms which are the core forms to all the departments of SGPGIMS, hospital. A customized validated tool kit (structured checklist) was designed in conformance with inter/national guidelines to assess the preidentified health-care (clinical and medical) forms.

Results:

The Medical Certificate of Cause of Death Form was found to have the highest compliance rate of 90.5% with the given set of parameters among the preidentified forms, while the Medication Chart and Assessment Form have noncompliance rates of 61.1% and 58.1%, respectively, with the given set of parameters. Rest other preidentified medical forms have the noncompliance rate of <50% with the given set of parameters of customized tool kit.

Conclusion:

Since this was the foremost study conducted, it was observed that there was a need to rationalize the MR forms by implementing the observations made, so as to ensure structural and contextual uniformity by the end users.
Patient Safety vis-à-vis Safe Surgery
Authors: Harsvardhan R. , Choudhari Swati
Published: September 2022

Today, patient harm due to unsafe care is a large and growing global public health challenge and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Most of this patient harm is avoidable. As countries strive to achieve universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals, the beneficial effects of improved access to health services can be undermined by unsafe care. The benefits of having a strategic and coordinated approach to patient safety, addressing the common causes of harm, and the approaches to preventing it have been recognized by policymakers and political and health leaders worldwide. Patient safety is defined as “A framework of organized activities that creates cultures, processes, procedures, behaviors, technologies, and environments in health care that consistently and sustainably lower risks, reduce the occurrence of avoidable harm, make errors less likely, and reduce the impact of harm when it does occur.” Surgical care has been an essential component of health care worldwide for a long. As the incidences of traumatic injuries, cancers, and cardiovascular disease continue to rise, the impact of surgical intervention on public health systems will only continue to swell. Surgery is often one of the significant therapies that can alleviate disabilities and reduce the risk of death from common conditions. Every year, millions of people undergo surgical treatment, and surgical interventions account for an estimated 13% of the world's total disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). While surgical procedures are intended to save lives, unsafe surgical care can result in substantial harm.
Legal aspect of medical practice
Authors: Harsvardhan Rajesh , Kumar Rishabh , Mehrotra Ayush
Published: September 2022

The Consumer Protection Act (CPA), 1986 evolving over the strands of time by legal and judicial proceedings has given the consumers of healthcare services a legal recourse to air their grievances. Although it is important to punish guilty medical professionals, it is also equally important to protect medical professionals who act in good faith from harassment. Hence, courts need to strike a perfect balancing act.
Effect of diode laser as an adjunct to open flap debridement in treatment of periodontitis – A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kolamala Nikhitha , Nagarakanti Sreenivas , Chava Vijay Kumar
Published: September 2022

Background:

The goals of periodontal therapy are to prevent the disease, arrest the disease progression, and regeneration of lost periodontium. Diode laser gained popularity in periodontal practice with a wide range of potential benefits.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical effects of laser-assisted open flap debridement (OFD) versus conventional OFD for the periodontitis treatment.

Materials and Methods:

A split-mouth, randomized clinical trial was conducted on fifteen participants with periodontitis having probing pocket depths (PPD) ≥5 mm. A total of 30 sites, two sites in each patient, were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received conventional OFD, and Group B received laser-assisted OFD. The assessment of PPD, relative attachment level (RAL), modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI) was done at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Wound healing index (WHI) was assessed at 3rd and 7th day postsurgery, patient response to pain using visual analog scale (VAS) was assessed immediately, 1 day, and 1 week after surgery.

Results:

The results revealed a significant reduction in PPD, mSBI, and gain in RAL within the groups from baseline to 3 months and 6 months. Intergroup comparison showed a significant difference in PPD, RAL, mSBI, WHI and VAS scores.

Conclusions:

The use of 980 nm diode laser provided additional benefits over conventional flap therapy.
Proportions in papilla, crestal papilla, and proximal contact area in maxillary anterior teeth
Authors: Kolte Abhay Pandurang , Kolte Rajashri Abhay , Purohit Mukesh J. , Bajaj Vinisha A.
Published: September 2022

Background:

The regeneration and maintenance of the interdental papilla presents a great challenge to the clinician while smile designing. Proportions of papilla height (PH), crestal PH (CPH), and proximal contact areas (PCA) are more stable parameters.

Aim:

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and correlate the papilla proportion (PP), crestal PP (CPP), and PCA proportion (PCAP) in periodontally healthy males and females.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and twenty patients in an age group of 20–40 years, divided equally based on gender, were assessed for PH, CPH, and PCA of maxillary anterior teeth. The findings were recorded on study models and radiographs to obtain the PP, CPP, and PCAP on the mesial and distal aspects of respective tooth.

Statistical Analysis:

The overall comparison of parameters was performed using paired t-test.

Results:

The mean mesial PP (43.51% ± 3.10% for male and 45.23% ± 2.23% for female) and CPP values (48.36% ± 3.35% for male and 51.16% ± 2.96% for female) were found to be greater of each tooth type and were more pronounced for females. The PCAP values were greater for distal aspects (36.76% ± 7.00% for males and 33.30% ± 6.93% for females).

Conclusion:

The results of the study indicate that PP and CPP are more pronounced in females, while the PCAP is more marked in males. Furthermore, it appears that the PP and CPP are inversely related to the PCAP in both males and females.
Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of amniotic membrane with collagen membrane along with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects – A clinico-radiographic study
Authors: Agrawal Eiti , Chopra Rahul , Gupta Swyeta Jain , Sharma Nikhil , Khan Farheen , Gupta Neetika
Published: September 2022

Context:

The use of human-derived amniotic barrier membranes in regenerative procedures along with allograft like demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) has displayed promising outcomes.

Aims:

The objective of the current research was to clinically and radiographically evaluate and compare amniotic membrane (AM) and collagen membrane (CM) in combination with open flap debridement (OFD) along with DFDBA in the management of human periodontal intrabony defects.

Settings and Design:

The present research-based study was a randomized controlled clinical trial of 6 months duration.

Materials and Methods:

A total of twenty chronic periodontitis patients with intrabony defects were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 treated with OFD + DFDBA + AM and Group 2 with OFD + DFDBA + CM. Clinical parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth (PPD), and relative attachment level were recorded and evaluated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The relative intrabony defect component level (rIBD) was recorded at baseline and after 6 months employing a millimeter X-ray grid.

Statistical Analysis Used:

For comparison of clinical parameters and radiographic parameters at various intervals unpaired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA test, and paired t-test were used. The P value was taken statistically significant when less than 0.05 (P < 0.05).

Results:

A statistically significant difference in PI, GI, PPD, and RAL for both the groups were found on intragroup comparison between baseline, 3 months, and 6 months (P < 0.05). On intragroup comparison, the difference in mean rIBD was statistically significant from baseline to 6 months. However, for all the clinical and radiographic parameters, no statistically significant difference was noted between both the groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

In the treatment of intrabony defects AM being an allograft can be considered an alternative novel membrane for regenerative procedures.
Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of xenogeneic collagen matrix and platelet-rich fibrin in the treatment of gingival recession
Authors: Raval Yesha Haresh , Shah Monali Amit , Bora Nishanta Prasanta
Published: September 2022

Aim:

The main focus of the study is to determine the difference between the efficacy of xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) versus platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) adjunct to coronally advanced flap to treat the gingival recession.

Background:

Because of esthetic concerns or root hypersensitivity, typical necessity dictates for buccal gingival recession treatment. This study was planned to evaluate and compare the efficacy of XCM with PRF in the treatment of the recessed gingiva.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-four sites with Cairo's RT1 and RT2 gingival recessions were taken, out of which 17 sites received XCM (test) and 17 sites received PRF (control). A periodontal treatment was performed first, followed by a re-evaluation. All clinical measurements, including recession height (RH), recession width (RW), clinical attachment level (CAL), keratinized tissue width, and keratinized tissue thickness, were taken before surgery (baseline) and at a 6-month interval following periodontal surgery. Landry's healing index was also measured at the 1st and 2nd weeks after surgery.

Results:

None of the acquired data implies a significant difference statistically for CAL, RW, RH, thickness, and width of keratinized tissue (WKT) at 6-month interval between both the groups. Comparison of healing at the 1st and 2nd week intervals among both the groups showed no statistical significance. No significant difference among both Groups A and B was seen according to the intergroup analysis in terms of periodontal parameters such as CAL (P = 0.374), RW (P = 0.542), RH (P = 0.890), WKT (P = 0.877) and thickness of keratinized tissue (P = 0.547), and Landry's healing index (P = 0.429).

Conclusion:

In consideration of the patient's comfort and the method's simplicity, it can be concluded that PRF or XCM can be employed as an alternative.
Serum Vitamin D level and its association with red blood cell indices in patients with periodontitis
Authors: Gupta Vineeta , Mishra Supriya , Gazala M. P. , Vandana Kharidhi Laxman , Ratre Madhu Singh
Published: September 2022

Background:

Research of late has brought to light a connect between Vitamin D and anemia. The level of 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) is decreased in periodontitis subjects as against subjects without periodontitis and this reduced level could be related to more risk for anemia in periodontitis patients.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the serum 25(OH) D levels and red blood cell indices in patients affected by generalized Stage III Grade B periodontitis and healthy controls and to assess the association between level of Vitamin D and red cell indices in periodontitis patients.

Materials and Methods:

The subjects were categorized into (i) case and (ii) control group of 30 each. Clinical parameters including oral hygiene index simplified, mean ratio of sites that bled on probing, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and the clinical attachment loss were assessed in both the groups. Subjects' blood samples (venous) were taken for the biochemical analysis.

Results:

In contradiction to healthy subjects, periodontitis subjects had significantly diminished 25(OH) D levels, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). 25(OH) D was moderately correlated with MCHC (r = 0.53) and it was statistically significant (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:

Periodontitis impacts Vitamin D status which further causes anemia. It suggests that effective management of periodontitis can help maintain sufficient Vitamin D status and may be vital in preventing anemia.
Comparison between the regenerative potential of different types of platelet concentrates in periodontal intrabony defect management
Authors: Reshma Arunima Padmakumar , Varghese Sheeja Saji , Pampadykandathil Lizymol Philipose
Published: September 2022

This systematic review aims to compare the regenerative potential of different preparations of platelet concentrates in periodontal osseous defect regeneration. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline electronic databases including articles published till April 2020. Search was performed as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Of the total 224 studies fetched for the study, 7 were found relevant and included. Studies with a follow-up period of <6 months or those reporting periodontal intrabony defects that apically extended with endodontic involvements were excluded. Two studies reported no significant differences in outcomes between platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), whereas one study reported a slightly superior effect of PRF over PRP. Titanium PRF (T-PRF) displayed significantly greater defect fill compared with leukocyte-rich–platelet-rich fibrin in one study, although other parameters were not significantly different. plasma rich in growth factors (PRGFs) and PRF show similar improvements in the outcomes. Furthermore, comparison between PRF and T-PRF did not show statistically significant differences in the two included studies. The results of the present systematic review indicate no significant differences in outcome between different platelet concentrates in the management of periodontal osseous defects. Limited evidences favor PRF over PRP and T-PRF over PRF. However, additional powered studies with much larger sample sizes are needed to obtain a more concrete conclusion.
A Series of Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections in Acute Lumbar Disc Herniation with Unilateral Radiculopathy
Authors: Turakhiya Jay V. , Parmar Himanshu N. , Zala Kushal C. , Maru Nikunj D. , Prajapati Anant C.
Published: September 2022

Objective:

To evaluate functional outcomes of patients suffering from unilateral lower limb radiculopathy due to lumbar disc herniation conservatively treated with transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI).

Materials and Methods:

It is a prospective study of 100 patients. We correlated clinical findings with magnetic resonance imaging. The patients are treated with dexamethasone injection through transforaminal epidural space under C-ARM guidance using Kambin's triangle approach with follow-up at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 9 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Assessment of functional outcomes is done by visual analog scale (VAS) and modified Oswestry disability index (ODI).

Results:

Eighty-eight percent of patients significantly improved their radicular pain, according to the VAS scoring system and modified ODI. The mean modified ODI score of preinjection was found to be 64.18; it was reduced to 33.9 at 3 weeks, 30.82 at 6 weeks, 24.04 at 9 weeks, 22.04 at 12 weeks, and 19.38 at 6 months. The t = 18.49 and the P < 0.00001. Preinjection mean VAS was 8, 3.98 at 3 weeks, 3.28 at 6 weeks, 3.04 at 9 weeks, 2.72 at 12 weeks, and reduced to 2.14 at 24 weeks. The t = 19.83 and the P < 0.00001. There were no complications seen during our study.

Conclusion:

Our study justifies that unilateral lower limb radiculopathy due to lumbar disc herniation can be well managed by TFESI without any complication. It is very less invasive technique, safe, and effective for pain relief.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Proximal Femur Fractures
Authors: Singh Utkarsh , Tiwari Punit , Singh Navneet , Kalia Guncha , Brar Bhupinder Singh
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

A proximal femur fracture is the most serious complication of osteoporosis, due to the high mortality and morbidity associated with it. Its risk in the elderly is a function of multiple factors, including bone mineral density, muscle strength, and balance, all of which have been related to Vitamin D status and function.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective hospital-based study conducted over 2 years in the hilly state of Himachal Pradesh, India, to evaluate any correlation between Vitamin D levels and proximal femur fractures (PFFs). We also studied the influence of age and sex on Vitamin D levels in PFFs.

Results:

In our study, the female patients had lower Vitamin D levels (19.85 ± 5.28) as compared to males (20.436 ± 9.36), but this decrease was not found to be statistically significant (P = 0.2374). There was an average decrease of Vitamin D levels in patients of higher age group (20.770 ± 6.57 vs. 19.692 ± 8.40), but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.613). Thirty-four patients, i.e., 68%, had hypocalcemia, while 16 patients, i.e., 32%, had normal levels of serum calcium. Similarly, 30 patients, i.e., 70%, had hypomagnesemia, while 20 patients, i.e., 40%, had normal serum magnesium levels. The mean level of alkaline phosphatase in PFF was found to be 116.36 IU/L, i.e., within normal limits. The average Vitamin D level in our patients who were adequately exposed to sunlight was 22.5 ± 8.80 ng/ml, while the average Vitamin D level in patients who were inadequately exposed was 16.925 ± 5.98 ng/ml. The mean Vitamin D levels in vegetarian and nonvegetarian patients were 19.17 ± 6.05 ng/ml and 19.83 ± 9.56 ng/ml, respectively. We found that vitamin levels were relatively low (19.46 ng/dL) in patients from high altitudes as compared to patients from low altitudes (22.62 ng/dL), but the difference was insignificant (P = 0.3925).

Conclusion:

In our study, almost all patients (96%) were suffering from hypovitaminosis D (Vitamin D levels <30 ng/ml), and 38% of our patients had Vitamin D deficiency (Vitamin D levels <20 ng/ml). However, we were unable to find any significant difference in Vitamin D levels when patients of various ages, sex, and altitude were compared with each other.
A cross-sectional study of serum B12 and folate level in alcoholics and nonalcoholics
Authors: Myilsamy S , Kandasamy Sangeetha , Vijayakumar Praveen , Periaswamy Panneerselvam
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

One of the world's most important public health and global health issues is alcoholism. In terms of illness burden, alcohol is the world's third leading cause of death. Repeated alcohol-related issues in at least two of the eleven life areas that clump together over the same 12-month period are considered as alcoholism (alcohol use disorder). Moderate and heavy drinkers were separated into two groups.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional observational study comprising 25 moderate alcoholics, 25 severe alcoholics, and 50 adult individuals who were nonalcoholics. Data pertaining to demographics, clinical history including alcohol consumption and laboratory data were collected and recorded from the study participants. Laboratory data included parameters like hematological profile, serum Vitamin B12 and folic acid, liver function tests, renal function tests, blood sugar levels, and prothrombin time.

Results:

In our study, anemia affects 76% of severe alcoholics and 72% of moderate drinkers. Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) of more than 99 fl was found in 28% of heavy drinkers and 8% of moderate drinkers. The average Hb in heavy drinkers was 9.372.30. Alcoholics have abnormal red blood cell morphology, such as target cells, acanthocytes, stomatocytes, elliptocytes, and ovalocytes.

Discussion:

Alcoholism affects both men and women, but it is more common in men, especially in lower socioeconomic groups, in their third to fifth decade. Chronic drinkers are more likely to develop anemia, which is linked to the amount and duration of alcohol consumption. Severe alcoholics are prone to infections.

Conclusion:

Early detection and treatment of hematological abnormalities associated with alcohol misuse will help prevent future alcohol-related problems and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Rat bite in the neonate
Authors: Shaikh Abdullah , Guhathakurata Pranjali , Chakraborty Partha , Halder Pankaj K
Published: September 2022

Animal (dog, cat, and rodent) bite injuries in neonates are common in developing countries, especially when the mother leaves the baby at the side of the field in which she is working. A wide spectrum of rat-bite injuries is described in the literature. Disease following the bite of a rat has been known for many years and has been described as rat-bite fever. We report a case of a 17-day-old female neonate who presented with a severe rat-bite injury to the face, with consequent problems in management.
A quasiexperimental study to assess the perception of pain in infants after intramuscular vaccination
Authors: Mathew Monisha , Mathew Shiny , Krishna Sushma
Published: September 2022

Background:

Intramuscular (IM) vaccination injections are an important cause of iatrogenic pain. Nonpharmacological intervention helps to reduce pain perception during immunization.

Purpose:

To compare the pain perception during IM injection, among infants who were breastfed versus local cold application in the vaccination clinic of a tertiary referral center.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted in the immunization clinic of a tertiary center. 60 infants (30 each in the intervention and control group) were selected for the study using simple random sampling method. Demographic proforma, Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) pain scale was used to collect data of infants aged of 0–6 months. One group was breastfed and the other group local cold application was applied before the IM vaccine. Infant pain was assessed using the Modified FLACC Pain Scale.

Results:

Majority of the infants (36.6%) perceived moderate pain when the injection was given after local cold application, whereas least (23.3%) demonstrated moderate pain when the injection was administered after breastfeeding. The median score of infants in the local cold application group (5.5) was greater than that of the breastfeeding group (4.0).

Conclusion:

The study concluded that the application of cold can be used to reduce pain during IM vaccination in children <6 months of age where breastfeeding is not possible.