bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large‐Scale, Vertically Aligned 2D Subnanochannel Arrays by a Smectic Liquid Crystal Network for High‐Performance Osmotic Energy Conversion
Authors: Liu Junchao , Li Chao , Jia Pan , Hao JunRan , Gao Longcheng , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei
Published: March 2024

The osmotic energy, an abundant renewable energy source, can be directly converted to electricity by nanofluidic devices with ion‐selective membranes. 2D nanochannels constructed by nanosheets possess abundant lateral interfacial ion‐exchange sites and exhibit great superiority in nanofluidic devices. However, the most accessible orientation of the 2D nanochannels is parallel to the membrane surface, undoubtedly resulting in the conductivity loss. Herein, first vertically aligned 2D subnanochannel arrays self‐assembled by a smectic liquid crystal (LC) network that exhibit high‐performance osmotic energy conversion are demonstrated. The 2D subnanochannel arrays are fabricated by in situ photopolymerization of monomers in the LC phase. The as‐prepared membrane exhibits excellent water‐resistance and mechanical strength. The 2D subnanochannels with excellent cation selectivity and conductivity show high‐performance osmotic energy conversion. The power density reaches up to about 22.5 W m−2 with NaCl solution under a 50‐fold concentration gradient, which is among with ultrahigh power density. This membrane design concept provides promising applications in osmotic energy conversion.
Modeling enzymatic and electrochemical cascade reactions at the three‐phase interface enzyme electrode
Authors: Zou Siyu , Xiao Jie , Feng Xinjian
Published: March 2024

The enzyme electrode based on enzymatic and electrochemical cascade reactions is a golden approach for detecting various biomarkers. How the interfacial architectures of a promising three‐phase interface enzyme electrode can influence the cascade reactions and electrode performance, however, remains unclear. In this study, a mathematical model has been developed to describe intraphase and interphase mass transfer, coupled with cascade reactions. The results reveal that the interfacial architectures determine the mass transfer of oxygen (substrate of oxidase) and H2O2 (enzymatic product) in the cascade reactions, hence affecting the electrode current. Generally, thinner pore walls facilitate the mass transfer of oxygen, thereby enhancing the enzymatic kinetics and H2O2 production. Meanwhile, smaller pore sizes shorten the diffusion pathway of H2O2 to the electrode surface, thereby increasing the electrocatalytic reaction rate. This work provides an efficient in silico tool for the design of high‐performance three‐phase enzyme electrodes.
Introduced gas regulating fast and highly exothermic reactions with in situ gas generation in microreactors
Authors: Liu Saier , Shang Minjing , Xue Xiao , Li Guangxiao , Su Yuanhai
Published: March 2024

The oxidation of cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone with nitric acid as a fast and highly exothermic process was hard to control at low molar ratios of oxidant to organic substrate even in microreactors. Process of runaway gas generation was observed due to the local hot spots, which decreased the selectivity of adipic acid. Additional gas was introduced into microreactors before the reaction, changing the previous wave annular flow to the uniform slug flow. Through the microscopic high‐speed photography and CFD simulation, it was found that the internal convection made the reactant molecules in the aqueous slug distribute evenly instead of gathering near the interface before, thus eliminating the local hot spots and stabilizing the hydrodynamic characteristics. The reaction performance was evaluated under different conditions, and a higher adipic acid selectivity of 93.6% was achieved at a molar ratio of 6.7 with the combination of microreactors and conventional reactors.
Management of acute airway compromise secondary to cricoid chondroma
Authors: Song A. , Shahid M. B.
Published: March 2024

The presentation of acute and rapidly deteriorating airway pathology can be a highly challenging situation for any hospital team. Cricoid chondromas are a challenging and potentially unfamiliar airway pathology requiring the combined expertise of anaesthetists, ear, nose and throat surgeons and a wider peri‐operative team familiar with managing airway emergencies. Airway lesions which cause rigid and fixed stenosis require careful management and present additional challenges compared to soft tissue lesions. An important consideration in fixed airway stenosis is the external diameter of tracheal tubes compared to the diameter of the airway at its narrowest point. These are challenging cases to manage and a multi‐disciplinary approach to the safe management of unfamiliar and critical airway pathology should be adopted.
Exploring the elusive deep‐sea sharpnose sevengill shark (Heptranchias perlo) in the Adriatic Sea: Novel records, health assessments and conservation implications
Authors: Gajić Andrej A.
Published: March 2024

The sharpnose sevengill shark (Heptranchias perlo) is a rare and poorly understood deep‐sea species, with only a few records in the Adriatic Sea over the last two centuries and a significant gap in sightings.

Throughout 2023, three new records are documented in the southernmost Adriatic Sea, found at depths ranging from 391 to 452 m off Vlorë.

This study marks the first comprehensive health examination of a deep‐sea shark, investigating potential trauma and injuries resulting from trawling. It encompasses pathological and histopathological examinations, supplemented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

The research highlights alarming post‐capture mortality rates in this data deficient species, discusses further conservation implications, and proposes protective measures for the species.

Beyond addressing critical knowledge gaps, this study advocates for collaborative efforts with local fishermen to establish long‐term monitoring and obtain data on the frequency and abundance of elusive species.
New discoveries from the early Māori village at Shag River Mouth, New Zealand, reveal intestinal parasites
Authors: Horrocks Mark , Presswell Bronwen , Smith Ian W.G.
Published: March 2024

Presented here are the results of archaeoparasitological analysis of habitation layers at Shag River Mouth, Otago coast. Two types of helminth eggs were identified: The first type is Toxocara canis, associated with the introduced kurī dog (Canis familiaris), which could have adversely affected local people and their dogs. The other type very closely resembles that of Stringopotaenia psittacea, associated with the critically endangered endemic kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus) parrot. The results represent the first South Island archaeo parasitological identifications. There was no starch or associated material in the samples, such as introduced Polynesian crops and indigenous starchy Māori food plants. This lack is consistent with the interpretation of the site as that of a transient village focused on big game hunting.
How mitochondrial cristae illuminate the important role of oxygen during eukaryogenesis
Authors: Speijer Dave
Published: March 2024

Inner membranes of mitochondria are extensively folded, forming cristae. The observed overall correlation between efficient eukaryotic ATP generation and the area of internal mitochondrial inner membranes both in unicellular organisms and metazoan tissues seems to explain why they evolved. However, the crucial use of molecular oxygen (O2) as final acceptor of the electron transport chain is still not sufficiently appreciated. O2 was an essential prerequisite for cristae development during early eukaryogenesis and could be the factor allowing cristae retention upon loss of mitochondrial ATP generation. Here I analyze illuminating bacterial and unicellular eukaryotic examples. I also discuss formative influences of intracellular O2 consumption on the evolution of the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). These considerations bring about an explanation for the many genes coming from other organisms than the archaeon and bacterium merging at the start of eukaryogenesis.
Pre‐saccadic shifts of attention in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia
Authors: Lehet Matthew , Rolfs Martin , Bao Jacqueline , Fattal Jessica , Thakkar Katharine N.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Pathophysiological theories of schizophrenia (SZ) symptoms posit an abnormality in using predictions to guide behavior. One such prediction is based on imminent movements, via corollary discharge signals (CD) that relay information about planned movement kinematics to sensory brain regions. Empirical evidence suggests a reduced influence of sensorimotor predictions in individuals with SZ within multiple sensory systems, including in the visual system. One function of CD in the visual system is to selectively enhance visual sensitivity at the location of planned eye movements (pre‐saccadic attention), thus enabling a prediction of the to‐be‐foveated stimulus. We expected pre‐saccadic attention shifts to be less pronounced in individuals with SZ than in healthy controls (HC), resulting in unexpected sensory consequences of eye movements, which may relate to symptoms than can be explained in the context of altered allocation of attention.

Methods

We examined this question by testing 30 SZ and 30 HC on a pre‐saccadic attention task. On each trial participants made a saccade to a cued location in an array of four stimuli. A discrimination target that was either congruent or incongruent with the cued location was briefly presented after the cue, during saccade preparation. Pre‐saccadic attention was quantified by comparing accuracy on congruent trials to incongruent trials within the interval preceding the saccade.

Results

Although SZs were less accurate overall, the magnitude of the pre‐saccadic attention effect generally did not differ across groups nor show a convincing relationship with symptom severity. We did, however, observe that SZ had reduced pre‐saccadic attention effects when the discrimination target (probe) was presented at early stages of saccade planning, when pre‐saccadic attention effects first emerged in HC.

Conclusion

These findings suggest generally intact pre‐saccadic shifts of attention in SZ, albeit slightly delayed. Results contribute to our understanding of altered sensory predictions in people with schizophrenia.
Promoting green supply chain under carbon tax, carbon cap and carbon trading policies
Authors: Eslamipoor Reza , Sepehriyar Abbas
Published: March 2024

This article examines a supply chain network that considers both economic and environmental factors. The network faces challenges related to multi‐item products and non‐homogenous vehicle types with different costs. Additionally, the production process involves multiple energy sources that emit different levels of air pollution. The main objective is to maximise profits while adhering to different carbon policies. To achieve this goal, the paper presents several supply chain models that are compared under different schemes: no carbon policy (basic one), carbon tax policy, carbon emission policy and carbon trading policy. These models were coded and solved to demonstrate their effectiveness for different conditions and scenarios. The results provide valuable insights for supply chain managers, enabling them to make well‐established decisions for executive planning.
Responsible entrepreneurship, social innovation, and entrepreneurial performance: Does commitment to SDGs matter?
Authors: Adomako Samuel , Nguyen Nguyen Phong
Published: March 2024

In this study, we investigate the effect of responsible entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial performance through the mediating mechanism of social innovation. Further, we explore the moderating role of a firm's degree of sustainable development goals (SDGs) commitment on the relationship between social innovation and entrepreneurial performance. Data were collected from 220 firms in Ghana using a time‐lagged design. Our results show that responsible entrepreneurship has an indirect effect on entrepreneurial performance through social innovation. Moreover, the effect of social innovation on entrepreneurial performance is amplified when a firm's degree of SDGs commitment is higher. These findings contribute to the responsible entrepreneurship and social innovation literature.
Forensic assessment of somatoform and functional neurological disorders
Authors: Datta Vivek , Blum Austin W.
Published: March 2024

Functional neurological disorders (FND) and somatization are common in clinical practice and medicolegal settings. These conditions are frequently disabling and, if arising following an accident, may lead to claims for legal compensation or occupational disability (such as social security disability insurance). However, distinguishing FND and somatization from symptoms that are intentionally produced (i.e., malingered or factitious) may pose a major forensic psychiatric challenge. In this article, we describe how somatoform disorders and FND lie along a spectrum of abnormal illness‐related behaviors, including factitious disorder, compensation neurosis, and malingering. We provide a systematic approach to the forensic assessment of FND and conclude by describing common litigation scenarios in which FND may be at issue. Forensic testimony may play an important role in the resolution of such cases.
Framework for adaptive serious games
Authors: Pistono Alvaro Marcos Antonio de Araujo , dos Santos Arnaldo Manuel Pinto , Baptista Ricardo José Vieira , Mamede Henrique São
Published: March 2024

Professional training presents a significant challenge for organizations, particularly in captivating and engaging employees in these learning initiatives. With the ever‐evolving landscape of workplace education, various learning modes have emerged within organizations, and e‐learning stands out as a prominent choice. This increasingly cost‐effective and adaptable solution has revolutionized training by facilitating numerous learning activities, including the seamless integration of educational games driven by cutting‐edge technologies. However, incorporating serious games into educational and professional settings introduces its own set of challenges, particularly in quantifying their tangible impact on learning and assessing their adaptability across diverse contexts. Organizations require a consistent framework to guide best practices in implementing e‐learning combined with serious games in professional training. The primary objective of this research is to bridge this gap. Rooted in the methodology of Design Science Research, it aims to provide a comprehensive framework for creating and assessing adaptive serious games that achieve desired learning and engagement outcomes. The overarching goal is to enhance the teaching–learning process in professional training, ultimately elevating student engagement and boosting learning outcomes to new heights. The proposal is grounded in a review of literature, expert insights, and user experiences with Serious Games in professional training, considering learning outcomes and forms of adaptation as essential characteristics for developing or evaluating Serious Games. The result is a framework designed to guide learners toward improved learning outcomes and increased engagement. The proposal underwent evaluation through triangulation, involving focus groups and expert interviews. Additionally, it was utilized in the development and assessment of a Serious Game, offering new insights and application suggestions. This experiment provided an evaluation of the framework based on real courses. In summary, this investigation contributes to the development of evidence‐based approaches for the effective use of Serious Games in professional training.
Migrated subcutaneous sharp foreign body in the anterior chest wall: An unusual presentation
Authors: Devkota Shritik , Pokharel Prajjwal , Lamichhane Samiksha , Bhola Harsha , Bhalla Tajinder
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Migration of any foreign body can cause potentially life threatening complications and should be reviewed by a multidisciplinary approach for the management. Diagnosis can be challenging; a history of foreign body injury could be suspicious.

Foreign body injury to the chest wall can be an emergency situation and require a multidisciplinary approach for the management of the condition. Migration of the foreign body, though rare, can lead to potentially life threatening complications and require a multidisciplinary approach for the localization of the foreign body and subsequent management of the condition. A 50‐year‐old male presented to the emergency department with the complaint of left sided chest pain. Upon examination, the patient was found to have a penetrating injury 6 years back by a sharp object. Radiological investigations helped in the localization of the migrating foreign body, which was removed with effective surgical intervention. The postoperative chest x‐ray was normal, the patient was asymptomatic and thus the patient was discharged on the same day following surgery.
Massive hemoptysis with end stage renal disease (ESRD): An initial symptom of rare disease
Authors: Saowapa Sakditad , Chaisrimaneepan Nattanicha , Adu Yaw , Thongpiya Jerapas , Yingchoncharoen Pitchaporn , Bell Amanda L. , Polpichai Natchaya , Siladech Pharit , Payne J. Drew
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Microscopic polyangiitis is a rare autoimmune vasculitis, that could present with renal‐pulmonary symptoms, posing diagnostic challenges in patients with preexisting kidney disease. Timely diagnosis is crucial to improve patient outcomes.
Laparoscopic transhiatal en‐mass thoracic duct ligation for persistent bilateral spontaneous Chylothorax: A case report
Authors: Deo Kunal Bikram , Deo Sumit Kumar , Gautam Sujan , Pandit Narendra , Adhikary Shailesh
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Chylothorax is a rare entity associated with morbidity. Surgical thoracic duct ligation (TDL) by thoracoscopic approach is the recommended choice for persistent chylothorax. However, thoracoscopy is not feasible in case of previous pleurodesis. We describe a successful laparoscopic transhiatal en‐mass TDL in a 61‐year‐old lady for persistent spontaneous chylothorax after failed optimal conservative management and three sessions of pleurodesis. The study shows that laparoscopic transhiatal thoracic duct ligation is an effective alternative in a case where thoracoscopy is not feasible due to various reasons.
Cardiac mass as the primary diagnostic clue of Edheim–Chester disease
Authors: Alizadehasl Azin , Salehi Maryam Mohseni , Soltani Zeinab , Roudbari Soudeh , Akbarian Mahsa , Mohebbi Somaye , Salehi Pegah
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

We introduced one of the rare causes of intra‐cardiac mass, that is, ECD and a new gene mutation (SLC29A3) that is probably related to this disease, and we noted the importance of using several diagnostic methods to rule out other intra‐cardiac causes.

Edheim–Chester disease is a rare histiocytosis affecting multiple organs. The infiltration of lipid‐laden histiocytes characterizes the disease. Most patients experience bone involvement; over 50% of cases involve the cardiovascular system and other extra‐osseous organs. In this case report, we present the case of a 42‐year‐old man who complained of shortness of breath and bone pain. During echocardiography, a large, homogenous, and fixed mass was found in the right atrium free wall. Computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed an infiltrative mass in the RA with atrioventricular groove involvement but coronary sinus encasement, right coronary artery, and superior vena cava encasement. Abdominal CT scans also reported aortic wall involvement and bilateral renal cortical and perirenal involvement. A kidney biopsy confirmed the infiltration of histiocytes and the diagnosis of ECD. The treatment was initiated for him, and his symptoms improved. In this case report, we express the importance of considering the rare causes of cardiac tumors.
Cryoglobulinemia vasculitis associated with adult‐onset Still's disease
Authors: Nakagawa Noriharu , Fujii Ai , Ueda Yoshimichi , Yamazaki Masahide
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

The present case indicates that cryoglobulinemia vasculitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of purpura in patients with adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD).

The presence of purpura is suggested in adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD) hematological complications of hemophagocytic syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or thrombotic microangiopathy. We herein report a case of AOSD complicated by cryoglobulinemia vasculitis presenting with purpura.
Cell‐free DNA‐associated multi‐feature applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Li Jingwei , Lan Xun , Li Jie
Published: March 2024

Malignant tumours pose significant challenges in terms of high morbidity and mortality rates, primarily due to the lack of large‐scale applicable screening methods and efficient treatment strategies. However, the development of liquid biopsies, particularly circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA), offers promising solutions characterised by their non‐invasiveness and cost‐effectiveness, providing comprehensive tumour information on a global scale. The release of cfDNA is predominantly associated with cell death and turnover, while its elimination occurs through nuclease digestion, renal excretion into the urine and uptake by the liver and spleen. Extensive research into the biological properties of cfDNA has led to the identification of novel applications, including non‐invasive cancer screening, cancer subtype classification, tissue‐of‐origin detection and monitoring of treatment efficacy. Additionally, emerging fields such as methylation‐omics, fragment‐omics and nucleosome‐omics show immense potential as tissue‐ and disease‐specific markers. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively introduce the latest detection techniques of cfDNA, along with detailed information on its characteristics and applications, providing valuable insights for cancer diagnosis and monitoring, which will assist us in purposefully enhancing relevant features for a more comprehensive application in clinical practice.
Outage of cooperative NOMA with an energy harvesting relay in an underlay cognitive radio network
Authors: Ghosh Priyanka , Dhar Roy Sanjay , Kundu Sumit
Published: March 2024

This paper analyzes the performance of a cooperative nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in an underlay cognitive radio network aided by an energy harvesting relay. A secondary source transmits signal for two users, where a near user acts as a relay for the far user. The far user applies the selection combining (SC) approach on the signals which were relayed by the near user and received via direct path from the secondary source. We analytically derive the outage probability (OP) of each user separately, the overall system OP, and the throughput of the system. The impact of the power allocation coefficient of NOMA and energy harvesting parameters on outage is indicated. Further, the performance of the network is investigated with imperfection in successive interference cancellation (SIC), maximal ratio combining (MRC) at relay, and Nakagami‐m fading. The results derived analytically are supported by simulation in MATLAB.
Weight telemonitoring of heart failure versus standard of care in a real‐world setting: Results on mortality and hospitalizations in a 6‐month nationwide matched cohort study
Authors: Roubille François , Mercier Grégoire , Lancman Guila , Pasche Hélène , Alami Sarah , Delval Cécile , Bessou Antoine , Vadel Jade , Rey Amayelle , Duret Stéphanie , Abraham Emilie , Chatellier Gilles , Durand Zaleski Isabelle
Published: March 2024

Aims

Evaluating the benefit of telemonitoring in heart failure (HF) management in real‐world settings is crucial for optimizing the healthcare pathway. The aim of this study was to assess the association between a 6‐month application of the telemonitoring solution Chronic Care Connect™ (CCC) and mortality, HF hospitalizations, and associated costs compared with standard of care (SOC) in patients with a diagnosis of HF.

Methods and results

From February 2018 to March 2020, a retrospective cohort study was conducted using the largest healthcare insurance system claims database in France (Système National des Données de Santé) linked to the CCC telemonitoring database of adult patients with an ICD‐10‐coded diagnosis of HF. Patients from the telemonitoring group were matched with up to two patients from the SOC group based on their high‐dimensional propensity score, without replacement, using the nearest‐neighbour method. A total of 1358 telemonitored patients were matched to 2456 SOC patients. The cohorts consisted of high‐risk patients with median times from last HF hospitalization to index date of 17.0 (interquartile range: 7.0–66.0) days for the telemonitoring group and 27.0 (15.0–70.0) days for the SOC group. After 6 months, telemonitoring was associated with mortality risk reduction (hazard ratio [HR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.89), a higher risk of first HF hospitalization (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.55–2.13), and higher HF healthcare costs (relative cost 1.38, 95% CI 1.26–1.51). Compared with the SOC group, the telemonitoring group experienced a shorter average length of overnight HF hospitalization and fewer emergency visits preceding HF hospitalizations.

Conclusion

The results of this nationwide cohort study highlight a valuable role for telemonitoring solutions such as CCC in the management of high‐risk HF patients. However, for telemonitoring solutions based on weight and symptoms, consideration should be given to implement additional methods of assessment to recognize imminent worsening of HF, such as impedance changes, as a way to reduce mortality risk and the need for HF hospitalizations. Further studies are warranted to refine selection of patients who could benefit from a telemonitoring system and to confirm long‐term benefits in high‐risk and stable HF patients.
A comparison of physiological and perceptual responses to fixed‐power and perceptually regulated cycling with and without blood flow restriction in trained cyclists
Authors: Smith Nathan D. W. , Girard Olivier , Scott Brendan R. , Peiffer Jeremiah J.
Published: March 2024

This study compared physiological and perceptual responses between cycling prescribed using fixed‐power (PWR) and fixed rating of perceived exertion (RPE), when performed with blood flow restricted (BFRPWR and BFRRPE) and unrestricted (CONPWR and CONRPE). Endurance cyclists/triathletes cycled for 10 min in four separate randomized conditions; that is, two methods of prescribed exercise intensity (power at the first ventilatory threshold or RPE matched to CONPWR) combined with two occlusion levels (with BFR or without). Cardiorespiratory and perceptual variables were recorded every 2 min. Blood lactate concentration was measured pre‐, immediately and 2‐min postexercise. Power output during BFRRPE was lower than CONRPE (−13 ± 13%). The greatest physiological and perceptual responses were achieved during BFRPWR. Heart rate during BFRRPE was not different compared with CONPWR, yet was greater than CONRPE (+4 ± 11%). Muscular discomfort during BFRRPE was greater than CONPWR (+43 ± 18%) and CONRPE (+65 ± 58%). Cuff pain was greater during BFRPWR than BFRRPE (+14 ± 21%). Blood lactate concentration was not different between BFRRPE, CONPWR, and CONRPE at any timepoint. The reduction in power (fixed‐RPE trials; BFR minus unrestricted) correlated with changes in the respiratory rate (r = 0.85, confidence intervals [CI] = 0.51, 0.96) and postexercise lactate (r = 0.75, CI = 0.27, 0.93) but not muscular discomfort (r = 0.18, CI = −0.47, 0.71). Cardiorespiratory and metabolic stress, muscular discomfort, and cuff pain likely mediated self‐regulating fixed‐RPE cycling with BFR. While cycling with BFR at a fixed‐RPE resulted in less physiological stress compared to BFRPWR, it still provided a heightened level of physiological stress, with less pain and discomfort. As such, fixed‐RPE can be a suitable alternative for prescribing BFR to trained cyclists.
Parent and community political orientation predicts children's health behaviours
Authors: Gollwitzer Anton , Marshall Julia , Lee Young‐eun , Deutchman Paul , Warneken Felix , McAuliffe Katherine
Published: March 2024

Does political partisanship extend to childhood? To what degree are children, a largely non‐political population, impacted by parents’ and communities’ political orientations? We examined children's behaviours and attitudes during a politically divisive event – the COVID‐19 pandemic. Children (4‐ to 12‐year‐olds; N = 313) of liberal (vs. conservative) parents reported greater preventive COVID‐19 behaviours, such as mask wearing and physical distancing, and responded more positively to these health behaviours. At the community level, children living in Democratic‐voting (vs. Republican‐voting) U.S. counties more strongly endorsed preventive COVID‐19 behaviours. Political orientation was a better predictor than education, income, religiosity, population‐density, and infection rates. Mediation and moderation analyses revealed that the parent–child political link was driven by children's perceptions of their parents' guidance, behaviours, and concern about COVID‐19, and that this link was attenuated in Democratic‐ versus Republican‐voting counties. Political orientation appears to play an unexpectedly prominent role, both at the intimate family and broader community level, in determining children's behaviours and attitudes.
Rational approach for expanding functionality of wurtzite rectangle nano‐sheets based photoanode for improved photoelectrochemical water‐splitting performance
Authors: Rashid Khan Humaira , Dawood Asadullah , Akhtar Javed , Khan Azmat Ali , Choudhary Muhammad Aziz , Khan Muhammad Asad
Published: March 2024

Photoanodes possessing multifunctionality for efficient clean fuel generation have garnered significant attention. In this study, we present successful fabrication of tungsten‐doped ZnO photoelectrodes, resulting in enhanced photoelectrochemical water‐splitting performance. A single‐step deposition process was employed to achieve thin films with excellent adhesion on FTO substrates, eliminating the need for post‐annealing treatments. The addition of tungsten into the ZnO matrix extended the optical absorbance range of the thin films to the visible spectrum, leading to improved photoelectrochemical performance under visible light irradiation. At an applied potential of 0.85 V vs. RHE, the as‐fabricated tungsten‐doped ZnO thin films exhibited a remarkable photocurrent density of 5218 μA/cm2, which was eight times higher than that of the undoped ZnO electrode. The incorporation of tungsten in the ZnO photoanode resulted in increased charge carrier density and enhanced visible light absorption, consequently elevating the photocurrent density.
First record of Laetiporus xinjiangensis (Laetiporaceae, Polyporales) from India
Authors: Mehmood Tahir , Singh Shiny , Sharma Yash Pal
Published: March 2024

A noteworthy edible Laetiporus was collected during our macrofungal exploration in the Trans‐Himalayan district of Kargil, India. It is reported as a new phytogeographical record for India. Detailed morphological description and comparison with other closely related taxa of Laetiporus, as well as a molecular phylogeny, are provided.
Effect of HIV/AIDS on labour productivity and the moderating role of literacy rate: A panel study of Africa and its sub‐regions
Authors: Ogbodo Joel C. , Ogbuabor Jonathan E. , Omenazu Chimaroke , Eyimoga Anthony , David Adeleye Olaide
Published: March 2024

This study examined the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on labour productivity in Africa and its sub‐regions while controlling for the moderating effect of literacy rate. The study used the system Generalised Method of Moment estimation technique and annual panel data from 2010 to 2020 for 53 African economies. Labour productivity and literacy rate were measured by the ratio of gross domestic product to total employment and gross secondary school enrolment respectively. The results indicate that HIV/AIDS retards labour productivity, and that literacy rate can ease this depressing effect of HIV/AIDS in Africa. The sub‐regional differences in Africa obtained in this study revealed that the depressing effect of HIV/AIDS on labour productivity is highest in Southern Africa and lowest in Northern and Central Africa. Interestingly, the study also established that per capita health expenditure, per capita income, gross capital formation, and information and communications technology are important drivers of labour productivity in Africa. The study, therefore, concludes that there is need for governments and other stakeholders to help to increase school enrolment and improve the quality of the content of education curriculum in Africa to increase the awareness of HIV/AIDS, especially as it relates to its channels of transmission like unprofessional blood transfusion, unprotected sexual activity, and genital mutilation, among others.
To assess the contributing factors of nutritional and health status amongst elderlies residing in the nursing homes of fars province, Iran: A cross sectional study
Authors: Joulaei Hassan , Keshani Parisa , Kashfinejad Seyed Mohammadsadegh , Foroozanfar Zohre , Mohsenpour Mohammad Ali , Fararouei Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims

In line with the global trend, the number of elderly is rising in Iran. It should be noted that the nutritional and health needs of these people, especially those living in nursing houses, are extremely significant. The present study aimed to identify the nutritional and health status and uncover their relationship with received care services by elderlies residing in nursing homes.

Methods

All 373 elderlies living in the nursing homes in Shiraz entered the study, and the requisite data were collected by references to elderlies' files, respective nurses, and elderlies themselves.

Results

The majority of the elderlies were at risk of malnutrition (62.5% of the total population, 55.4% of females, and approximately 44.6% of males). Elderlies with no insurance coverage mainly fell into the at‐risk and malnutrition categories. There was a significant relationship between the needs assessment scores, reflecting the need for physical and psychological actions, and elderlies' malnutrition (odds ratio = 1.87, 95% confidence interval: 1.79−1.95). For each unit increase in the Physical and psychological need score, the odds of exposure to malnutrition (vs. nonmalnourished and at risk of malnutrition) was 1.87 times after adjustment for confounders.

Conclusion

The results of our study revealed that most of the elderlies living in the nursing homes of Shiraz had some levels of malnutrition such as at‐risk for malnutrition (62.5%) and malnourished (18.9%). Based on these results, it is suggested that health policy‐makers take practical steps toward promoting the nutritional care of old people and direct extra supervision to nursing homes and all healthcare provisions.
Adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and dynamic process of polyphenols from orange peel extract on mixed‐mode adsorption resin HD‐1
Authors: Wang Shengping , Jiao Pengfei , Dong Bingxue , Niu Qiuhong
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

The extraction and separation of natural polyphenols are attractive. Many researchers used high‐speed counter‐current chromatography to separate and purify polyphenols. However, it requires a long operating time, a large amount of organic solvent consumption, and high operating costs. In this work, the adsorption behaviors of polyphenols from orange peel extract on mixed‐mode resins were studied. The adsorption capacities and selectivities of different resins to the main polyphenols in the extract including gallic acid, p‐coumaric acid and ferulic acid were compared. The adsorption mechanism was analyzed by adsorption equilibrium and kinetics studies as well as molecular docking. The fixed‐bed adsorption was studied experimentally and theoretically.

RESULTS

HD‐1 resin has excellent adsorption selectivities among the resins. The yield of polyphenols from orange peel by integrated extraction‐adsorption increased by 82.94% compared with that of extraction without adsorption. The adsorption isotherms agreed with the Freundlich model. Dubinin–Radushkevich model results indicated that the adsorption of gallic acid mainly depends on nonelectrostatic interaction. The adsorption of the other two polyphenols involves electrostatic and nonelectrostatic interaction. The adsorption kinetics curves accorded with the pseudo‐second‐order model, and the adsorption rate of gallic acid was the highest among the polyphenols. Adsorption of polyphenols involves both physical and chemical adsorption. The breakthrough curves could be closely simulated by Yoon–Nelson and Thoms models. Significant differences existed in times for 50% breakthrough.

CONCLUSION

Mixed‐mode chromatography with HD‐1 resin as stationary phase is applicable to the separation of polyphenols. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Spontaneous rupture of neonatal hepatic hemangioma diagnosed by ultrasound: A case report
Authors: Li Xueyi , Zhang Wenhua
Published: March 2024

Hepatic hemangioma is the most prevalent benign liver tumor during the fetal and neonatal period, and its rupture poses a severe threat to newborns' lives—this article presents a case involving the spontaneous rupture of a hepatic hemangioma in a neonate. Early diagnosis through ultrasound enabled prompt treatment, resulting in the patient's timely discharge.
A Comparative Study of Three Systems for Liver Magnetic Resonance Elastography
Authors: Wang Runke , Wang Yikun , Qiu Suhao , Ma Shengyuan , Yan Fuhua , Yang Guang‐Zhong , Li Ruokun , Feng Yuan
Published: March 2024

Background

Different MR elastography (MRE) systems may produce different stiffness measurements, making direct comparison difficult in multi‐center investigations.

Purpose

To assess the repeatability and reproducibility of liver stiffness measured by three typical MRE systems.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population/Phantoms

Thirty volunteers without liver disease history (20 males, aged 21–28)/5 gel phantoms.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T United Imaging Healthcare (UIH), 1.5 T Siemens Healthcare, 3.0 T General Electric Healthcare (GE)/Echo planar imaging‐based MRE sequence.

Assessment

Wave images of volunteers and phantoms were acquired by three MRE systems. Tissue stiffness was evaluated by two observers, while phantom stiffness was assessed automatically by code. The reproducibility across three MRE systems was quantified based on the mean stiffness of each volunteer and phantom.

Statistical Tests

Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficients of variation (CV), and Bland–Altman analyses were used to assess the interobserver reproducibility, the interscan repeatability, and the intersystem reproducibility. Paired t‐tests were performed to assess the interobserver and interscan variation. Friedman tests with Dunn's multiple comparison correction were performed to assess the intersystem variation. P values less than 0.05 indicated significant difference.

Results

The reproducibility of stiffness measured by the two observers demonstrated consistency with ICC > 0.92, CV < 4.32%, Mean bias < 2.23%, and P > 0.06. The repeatability of measurements obtained using the electromagnetic system for the liver revealed ICC > 0.96, CV < 3.86%, Mean bias < 0.19%, P > 0.90. When considering the range of reproducibility across the three systems for liver evaluations, results ranged with ICCs from 0.70 to 0.87, CVs from 6.46% to 10.99%, and Mean biases between 1.89% and 6.30%. Phantom studies showed similar results. The values of measured stiffness differed across all three systems significantly.

Data Conclusion

Liver stiffness values measured from different MRE systems can be different, but the measurements across the three MRE systems produced consistent results with excellent reproducibility.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
A novel optimized fractional order system for tuning biological parameters
Authors: Sahu Tapaswini , Tripathy Madhab Chandra , Jena Ranjan Kumar
Published: March 2024

In contemporary biological research and applications, control systems have become indispensable for understanding and managing the intricate dynamics of the human biological system. Given the critical role of components such as the pancreas structure, protein formation, insulin and glucose regulation, and the genetic regulatory network (GRN), any disturbances in these systems can lead to severe health issues. To overcome these issues, to introduced a novel hybrid controller called the fuzzy lion‐based optimized fractional order system (FL‐OFOS) for evaluating the performance of the system. This controller aims to efficiently govern and regulate key components of the human biological system, including insulin dynamics, protein synthesis, pancreas functionality, and GRN management. The controller is specifically tailored to regulate insulin, protein synthesis, pancreas function, and GRN dynamics within the human biological system. The optimization of biological parameter values is achieved through the incorporation of the fuzzy lion function. The results of this study highlight the efficacy of the FL‐OFOS controller in optimizing and regulating various biological parameters. The system demonstrates minimal error rates, rapid response times, reduced overshoot, and high control precision and accuracy. The proposed controller achieves a minimal error rate of 0.98%, with only minor overshoot occurring in the outcomes. As a result, the FL‐OFOS controller offers substantial gains and delivers optimal results in the realm of biological systems.
Nut consumption during pregnancy is associated with decreased risk of peer problems in 5‐year‐old Japanese children
Authors: Nguyen Mai Quynh , Miyake Yoshihiro , Tanaka Keiko , Hasuo Shizuka , Nakamura Yoshitaka , Okubo Hitomi , Sasaki Satoshi , Arakawa Masashi
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Nuts are nutrient‐dense foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids, protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. The present prebirth cohort study examined the association between maternal nut intake during pregnancy and the risk of childhood behavioral problems in 5‐year‐old Japanese children.

Methods

Study subjects were 1199 mother–child pairs. Dietary intake was assessed using a diet history questionnaire. Emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity problems, peer problems, and low prosocial behavior were assessed using the parent‐reported version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Adjustments were made for a priori‐selected nondietary confounders and potentially related dietary factors.

Results

Compared with mothers who had not eaten nuts during pregnancy, mothers who had eaten nuts had a significantly reduced risk of peer problems in children; the adjusted odds ratio was 0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.42–0.97). There were no measurable associations between maternal consumption of nuts during pregnancy and the risk of childhood emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity problems, and low prosocial behavior.

Conclusions

Maternal consumption of nuts during pregnancy may be associated with a decreased risk of peer problems in 5‐year‐old children.
Polarized and Unpolarized Emission from a Single Emitter in a Bullseye Resonator
Authors: Peniakov Giora , Buchinger Quirin , Helal Mohamed , Betzold Simon , Reum Yorick , Rota Michele B. , Ronco Giuseppe , Beccaceci Mattia , Krieger Tobias M. , da Silva Saimon F. Covre , Rastelli Armando , Trotta Rinaldo , Pfenning Andreas , Höfling Sven , Huber‐Loyola Tobias
Published: March 2024

Polarized , and unpolarized emission from a single emitter embedded in a single, cylindrically symmetric device design is presented. The polarization stems from a position offset of the single emitter with respect to the cavity center, which breaks the cylindrical symmetry, and a position‐dependent coupling to the frequency degenerate eigenmodes of the resonator structure is shown. The experimental results are interpreted by using numerical simulations and by experimental mapping of the polarization‐resolved far‐field emission patterns. The findings can be generalized to any nanophotonic structure where two orthogonal eigenmodes are not fully spatially overlapping.
How to define failure of intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin A for neurogenic detrusor overactivity
Authors: Mailho Camille , Peyronnet Benoit , De Seze Marianne , Even Alexia , Perrouin‐Verbe Maire‐Aimée , Amarenco Gérard , Chartier‐Kastler Emmanuel , Le Normand Loic , Manunta Andrea , Karsenty Gilles , Kerdraon Jacques , Ruffion Alain , Saussine Christian , Le Breton Frédérique , Bernuz Benjamin , Castel‐Lacanal Evelyne , Denys Pierre , Phé Véronique , Gamé Xavier
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) has a major impact on patients' quality of life and can lead to upper urinary tract complications. Intradetrusor botulinum toxin type A injections are administered as second‐line treatment to these patients following the failure of anticholinergic agents. The aim of the DETOX 2 study is to propose a consensus definition of the failure of intradetrusor botulinum toxin injections for NDO in patients presenting spinal cord injury, spina bifida, or multiple sclerosis (MS) with self‐catheterization.

Method

This study followed the method adopted by the French National Authority for Health for recommendations by consensus. Based on a review of the literature and a preliminary survey, a steering committee compiled a questionnaire and selected a rating group comprising 16 experts from the Neuro‐Urology Committee of the French Urology Association (cnuAFU) and Genulf. The experts were asked to complete the online questionnaire. At the end of the first round, all participants came together to discuss any disagreements and a second‐round online questionnaire was completed to reach a consensus.

Results

Thirteen of the 16 experts approached completed both rounds of questionnaires. A strong consensus was reached for two proposals (median score = 9/10) which were therefore included in the definition from the first round: at least one repeat injection of the same botulinum toxin at the same dose must be given to rule out failure on technical grounds and a duration of efficacy <3 months must be considered a failure. At the end of round 2, a relative consensus was reached regarding the clinical criterion defining failure (median score = 7/10) and the urodynamic criterion of failure (median score = 8/10). An additional proposal was selected during this second round on the need for a voiding diary (median score = 8/10).

Conclusion

The first consensus definition of failure of an intradetrusor injection of TB‐A for NDO has been achieved with this study: persistence of detrusor overactivity with maximum detrusor pressures >40 cm H2O and/or a compliance issue and/or persistence of urinary incontinence and/or urgency and/or a number of daily self‐catheterizations >8/day and/or efficacy <3 months. This study will help to standardize research on the failure of the intradetrusor botulinum toxin for NDO in clinical practice and clinical research.