bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Governance Mechanisms in Internet-Based Affiliate Marketing Programs in Spain
Authors: Fox Paul B. , Wareham Jonathan D.
Published: November 2011

Internet-based affiliate marketing programs have emerged as one of the fastest-growing methods for online retailers to acquire customers and increase sales by tapping into the power of independent web sites to reach a large, diverse audience of potential customers. However, while these programs have proven effective in increasing website traffic and sales, illegal or inappropriate activities on the part of affiliates could negatively impact a retailer’s brand in the eyes of customers. This study is an exploratory analysis of governance mechanisms (formal contracts, partner selection, incentives and monitoring) in one-to-many affiliate programs in Spain. Agency theory and transaction cost analysis provide the theoretical background. The conclusion is that there is a significant lack of transparency in the guidance and restrictions communicated to affiliates, and a lack of systematic monitoring of affiliate behavior, which increases the risk of opportunism or misconduct. General recommendations for managers of affiliate programs are considered.
Software Firm Cost Structure and Its Impact on IPOs in the E-Commerce Era
Authors: Carter Richard B. , Strader Troy J.
Published: November 2011

The first decade of the e-commerce era saw an increase in activity in the software development industries as new firms were created and existing firms made acquisitions. Many firms pursued a growth strategy and this growth required capital that was often obtained through an initial public offering (IPO) of equity. Software firm cost structures are very different from traditional physical goods firms because their marginal costs are much lower, but what is not known is whether this affects their financing strategies. In this study we compare software firm and traditional firm IPOs using data from 780 IPOs offered during the late dot-com era (1998-2002) to identify differences in firm and offer characteristics, investment risk, initial returns, and underwriting activity. We find that the characteristics and performance of software firm IPOs are significantly different from IPOs offered by traditional firms during this time period providing supporting for our conclusion that firm cost structure should be considered when analyzing IPOs and other strategic issues.
A Study of the Impact of Individual Differences on Online Shopping
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Gu Linwu , Aiken Milam
Published: November 2011

Previous studies explored the effects of individual cognitive and affective reactions on online shopping and those of individual differences on usage of information systems. However, few studies evaluated how individual differences affect online shopping. This paper draws on the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the technology acceptance model (TAM) as it attempts to gain understanding of individual difference impacts on online shopping attitudes. The model was tested using data collected from a Web survey, and 171 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Results show that online shopping experience, level of Internet usage, cognitive absorption, personal innovativeness, and computer self-efficacy positively influence online shopping attitudes, and that perceived usefulness is a significant mediator, but only between online shopping attitudes and two individual differences variables: the level of Internet usage and cognitive absorption.
The Influence of Quality on E-Commerce Success
Authors: Sharkey Ultan , Scott Murray , Acton Thomas
Published: November 2011

This research addresses difficulties in measuring e-commerce success by implementing the DeLone and McLean (D&M) model of IS success (1992, 2003) in an e-commerce environment. This research considers the influence of quality on e-commerce success by measuring the information quality and system quality attributes of an e-commerce system and the intention to use, user satisfaction and intention to transact from a sample of respondents. This research provides an empirical e-commerce application of the updated IS success model proposed by DeLone and McLean (2003). This paper found significant relationships between Information Quality and System Quality and three success dimensions: intention to use, user satisfaction and intention to transact. It found the following constructs to be most important in predicting success: ease of understanding, personalisation and reliability. In particular, that reliability is more important than usability where transactions are concerned and security though important, is not the most important factor.
Instructor Satisfaction with Teaching Business Law
Authors: Swartz Louis B. , Cole Michele T. , Shelley Daniel J.
Published: November 2011

Our study presents the results of a satisfaction survey of business law instructors who have taught, or are teaching, online and/or onground. The authors used the framework suggested by Berge to examine the level of instructor satisfaction, using his four role categories: pedagogical, social, technical, and managerial. Their study found that for 73% of the categories’ aspects, instructors were generally satisfied with online instruction. With regard to the classroom experience, instructors were generally satisfied across the board with regard to all aspects. In comparing the level of satisfaction with online and onground instruction, they found statistically significant differences between the two methods of instruction. In all four areas measured, instructors were more satisfied with classroom instruction than they were with online instruction of business law courses.
Technology and Teacher Education
Authors: Akyeampong Albert , Franklin Teresa , Keengwe Jared
Published: November 2011

This study explored one primary question: To what extent do student perceptions of various forms of instructional technology tools predict instructional quality? Participants for the study were drawn from a teacher education program in a large Midwest public university. Data were collected using a web-based survey with a total of 121 responses used in the final analysis. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate how well Productivity Tools, Presentation Tools, Communication Tools, and World Wide Web Tools predict Student Evaluation of Faculty Instructional Quality. The overall significant results of the regression model and the subsequent significant results of the t-test for Presentation Tools and Productivity Tools is an indication that Presentation and Productivity tools can be used by faculty to facilitate student and faculty interaction, promote cooperation among students, promote active learning techniques, give prompt feedback, emphasize time on task, communicate high expectation and respect diverse talents and ways of learning.
A Cross-Cultural Validation of the Selwyn’s Computer Attitude Scale
Authors: Teo Timothy
Published: November 2011

This study assesses the factorial validity of the Computer Attitude Scale (CAS) using a sample (N=438) of students from Singapore. Developed by Selwyn (1997), the CAS is a four-factor scale that measures the perceived usefulness, affective, behavioral, perceived control components that were proposed to constitute the multidimensional construct known as computer attitude. The results of this study show an overall positive computer attitude among the students. However, factor analyses reveal multicollinearity among some items and these were removed from further analysis. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on a proposed 15-item model of the CAS and it was found to have a good fit. Implications for education in the Asian contexts are discussed. Suggestions for future research are offered.
Improving Teachers’ Self-Confidence in Learning Technology Skills and Math Education through Professional Development
Authors: Hartsell Taralynn , Herron Sherry S. , Fang Houbin , Rathod Avinash
Published: November 2011

Using technology tools in math instruction can help stimulate problem-solving skills and understanding of math concepts. However, teachers need to be confident in their abilities to use technology tools. This study investigated whether or not a four-week in-service professional development institute that addressed the use of technology in math education helped improved the teachers’ attitude and confidence in applying technology. Findings indicated that as the teachers explored and used the available technology tools relevant to math instruction during the institute, the more proactive and motivated they became to continue their professional development in using technology for classroom instruction. They realized that they were able to use technology and desired to continue their education in this area.
Enhancing Teaching and Learning with Digital Storytelling
Authors: Wang Shuyan , Zhan Hong
Published: November 2011

This article intends to help educators interested in technology integration in the classroom acquire a firm theoretical foundation, pedagogical applications, and step-by-step technical procedures for infusing digital storytelling into the curriculum. Through illustrations of digital storytelling projects completed in the authors’ undergraduate and graduate classes, this article discusses the benefits along with the challenges for using digital storytelling as a means of engaging students in reflective, active, and personally meaningful learning.
Student Nurses’ Perception on the Impact of Information Technology on Teaching and Learning
Authors: Kandeel Nahed , Ibrahim Youssreya
Published: November 2011

This paper investigates student nurses’ perceptions of the impact of using information technology (IT) on teaching and learning critical care nursing. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt. The sample included 163 of fourth year Bachelor of Nursing students enrolled in a critical care nursing course during the first semester of the academic year 2007-2008. The data was collected using a questionnaire sheet that gathered information about student nurses’ IT skills and use, perception of the access to and use of IT at Faculty of Nursing, perception of the impact of using IT on teaching and perception, and on the impact of using IT on learning the critical care nursing course. The findings indicate that nursing students had a positive perception on the impact of using IT on teaching and learning the critical care nursing course. Students wanted access to IT at the Faculty, and expressed their need for more training on using Internet and Microsoft PowerPoint, and for IT resources in classrooms.
Evaluating Student Perceptions of Using Blogs in an Online Course
Authors: Gullett Evelyn , Bhandar Mamata
Published: November 2011

This article is based on an exploratory study on the use of blogs to support learning in an online MBA school. In this paper, the authors examine students’ perceptions toward blogs and their effectiveness. The study finds that although students are open to the idea of using blogs to enhance presentation and reflection of their learning, concerns exist on their suitability for threaded discussions in the presence of other platforms like threaded discussion boards. Therefore, what is less clear is the learning value and potential of blogs, especially that subset of learning that is orchestrated (and credentialed) by formal learning organisations.
Problem-Based Learning in a Technical Course in Computing
Authors: Correia Eduardo , Watson Ricky
Published: November 2011

Problem-based learning has been well-documented, from its early days in the teaching of medical professionals to its more recent use in other disciplines. It has been adopted in many educational institutions because it gives students a realistic problem and provides opportunities to translate knowledge into solutions. This article is a case study of this approach at a second-year technical course, in which members of the class were divided into groups and given a scenario concerning a fictitious organisation about to embark on a major upgrade to its existing and problematic networking infrastructure. The course consisted of two parts. The first group was provided with a set of virtual machines to upgrade, and the second group chose and implemented a major technology on this newly upgraded network. The authors outline how problem-based learning is used in this context in a way that informs the teaching of any technical computing course.
Classification of Peer-to-Peer Traffic Using a Two-Stage Window-Based Classifier with Fast Decision Tree and IP Layer Attributes
Authors: Raahemi Bijan , Mumtaz Ali
Published: November 2011

This paper presents a new approach using data mining techniques, and in particular a two-stage architecture, for classification of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) traffic in IP networks where in the first stage the traffic is filtered using standard port numbers and layer 4 port matching to label well-known P2P and NonP2P traffic. The labeled traffic produced in the first stage is used to train a Fast Decision Tree (FDT) classifier with high accuracy. The Unknown traffic is then applied to the FDT model which classifies the traffic into P2P and NonP2P with high accuracy. The two-stage architecture not only classifies well-known P2P applications, but also classifies applications that use random or non-standard port numbers and cannot be classified otherwise. The authors captured the internet traffic at a gateway router, performed pre-processing on the data, selected the most significant attributes, and prepared a training data set to which the new algorithm was applied. Finally, the authors built several models using a combination of various attribute sets for different ratios of P2P to NonP2P traffic in the training data.
ASCCN
Authors: Wan Renxia , Wang Lixin , Su Xiaoke
Published: November 2011

Special clustering algorithms are attractive for the task of grouping an arbitrary shaped database into several proper classes. Until now, a wide variety of clustering algorithms for this task have been proposed, although the majority of these algorithms are density-based. In this chapter, the authors extend the dissimilarity measure to compatible measure and propose a new algorithm (ASCCN) based on the results. ASCCN is an unambiguous partition method that groups objects to compatible nucleoids, and merges these nucleoids into different clusters. The application of cluster grids significantly reduces the computational cost of ASCCN, and experiments show that ASCCN can efficiently and effectively group arbitrary shaped data points into meaningful clusters.
A New Similarity Metric for Sequential Data
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Raju Bapi S. , Krishna P. Radha
Published: November 2011

In many data mining applications, both classification and clustering algorithms require a distance/similarity measure. The central problem in similarity based clustering/classification comprising sequential data is deciding an appropriate similarity metric. The existing metrics like Euclidean, Jaccard, Cosine, and so forth do not exploit the sequential nature of data explicitly. In this chapter, the authors propose a similarity preserving function called Sequence and Set Similarity Measure (S3M) that captures both the order of occurrence of items in sequences and the constituent items of sequences. The authors demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed measure for classification and clustering tasks. Experiments were conducted on benchmark datasets, that is, DARPA’98 and msnbc, for classification task in intrusion detection and clustering task in web mining domains. Results show the usefulness of the proposed measure.
Effect of Photo-Initiator on Curing Rate of Water-Base UV Varnish
Authors: Wang Xiao Fang , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Pei Qing
Published: November 2011

The photo-initiator has a crucial role in the curing system of water-base UV varnish. The formulation of water-base UV varnish was designed and 4 different photo-initiators were chosen to make samples to study the effect of photo-initiator on the curing system of varnish. The curing results were tested and were compared. The results showed that the type and proportion of photo-initiator has great effects on the curing rate of water-base UV varnish, the best photo-initiator is 907. The mixed photo-initiators 907, TPO and ITX have been designed and the samples were prepared using the way of a formulation experiment. The result indicated that the curing rate of complex photo-initiator was lower than the curing rate of photo-initiator 907. The curing effect of the varnish samples is the best when the quantity of photo-initiator 907 is 6%。
Synthesis and Fluorescent Property of Europium-Doped Complexes with P-Anisic Acid and Thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Authors: Meng Jie , Sun Cheng , Hao Xiao Xiu , Mu Xin Ni , Wang Jian Qing
Published: November 2011

Quaternary europium complex EuxGd(1-x)(POA)(TTA)2Phen were synthesized by doping no-fluorescent inert ions Gd3+with ligands of POA, α-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA), and o-phenanthroline(Phen).IR spectra was studied , indicate that these complexes have similar structures, have bonded with the ligands.The fluorescent properties,the influence of fluorescent property by doping ions Gd3+were studied. The results showed that the doping ions Gd3+can enhance the fluorescence intensities, the best mole ratio of europium to gadolinium is 6：4.
Preparation of Silver Nanoplates and Application in PCB Ink-Jet
Authors: Yang Jian , Chu Jia Hai , Yang Yao , Guo Yu Bao , Lou Xi Gang , Li Hou Bin
Published: November 2011

Compared with traditional etch processing, inkjet technology has the features of simpler workmanship, less resources-utilizing, lower cost and environmentally friendly adaptation, which is sure to be another innovation of printed circuit board(PCB) technology. In this paper, size and shape controlled silver nanoparticles have been synthesized，which was used as conductive medium in ink-jet inks. Then it was printed into conductive lines on epoxy resin by a drop-on-demand inkjet printer. PVP was used as a polymeric stabilizer providing both electrostatic and steric stabilization. Ag2C2O4 was used to prepared spherical nano-silver. In the preparation of flake-like silver powders, the fully inorganic phase system contains AgNO3 as a silver precursor, DMF as a as a media dissolving silver salt, and PVP as a reducing reagent. The morphologies and structures of the nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was shown that the sample is silver with cubic asymmetry from the pattern of XRD. TEM images indicated that the size of spherical nano-particles was no more than 20 nm. But the small triangular nanoplates, with rather narrow size distribution, were in the range from 20nm up to 60 nm in edge length. The electrical conductivity was also measured by the four-probe tested method after calcined on the substrates. It was shown that the conductivity was 25S/cm when adding the spherical powders and the nano-silver ink has been successfully designed for inkjet printing.
Study of the Structure and Oxygen Permeability of Cellulose Packaging Films from NMMO-Solutions
Authors: Cheng Pei Fang , Wang Jian Qing , Ren Wen Ming
Published: November 2011

This paper is concerned with the preparation of cellulose packaging films with high oxygen permeability. The films were prepared from cotton pulp and wood pulp by the cast-wiped method using N-methymorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) as a solvent. The effects of processing parameters on the structure and performance of cellulose films were also studied. The results show that for optimum processing of the films cotton pulp was the preferred raw material, the optimum pulp concentration in the casting solution was 5%, and the optimum temperature for the coagulation bath was 40°C. Using the above process conditions resulted in packaging films with high oxygen permeability making them suitable for use in packaging fruits and vegetables.
Preparation of 4A-Type Silver-Loaded Zeolite and Antibacterial Papers
Authors: Zhong Ze Hui , Li Ting , Hong Ying
Published: November 2011

4A-type silver-loaded zeolite antibacterial agents, prepared by ion-exchanging method, were added into 2 % PVA solutions with the concentration of 0.0 %, 0.1 %, 0.3 %, 0.5 %, 0.7 %, 0.9 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 %, 2.0 %, 2.5 % and 3.0 %, and then coated on different papers to prepare antibacterial papers. Physical and mechanical properties, whiteness and smoothness of these papers were studied. The results show that the properties of the papers are not seriously affected.
Properties Analysis of Biodegradable Material P(3HB-co-4HB)
Authors: Zhang Jing , Lu Xiu Ping , Chu Ting Liang
Published: November 2011

In this paper, the basic properties and degradation properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] with different 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB) molar fraction were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), mechanical testing, weight loss and scanning electron microscope (SEM)were used to determine the basic properties and degradation process of P(3HB-co-4HB).The results show that: P(3HB-co-4HB) is an environment friendly and biodegradable materials, the physical properties, the size and morphology of the spherulites change a lot as the 4HB molar fraction changes,the degradation in soil results in loss of weight and roughness of the material surface.
Study on the Effects of the Paper Performance on Color Reproduction of Inkjet Proofing
Authors: Yang Han Lin
Published: November 2011

Using Canon the ip 4760 inkjet proofing to print on five kind of different paper, analyzes the effects of the paper performance on color reproduction of inkjet proofing , base on color error, gray, color efficiency, color purity and color gamut range. The research indicated that the paper which has high brightness and smoothness, obtained better coloring effects and greater color gamut range.
The Effects that Cosolvent Takes on Ink Used in Water-Borne Pen Performance and Quality
Authors: Jia Ling , Huang Bei Qing , Wei Xian Fu
Published: November 2011

In order to discuss the effects that cosolvent takes on ink used in water-borne pen performance and quality, select and use ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethanediol and propanediol six common water-soluble cosolvent, using them to prepare the samples of ink used in Water-borne pen, testing the surface tension, viscosity, drying rate and adhesionforce. Select three kinds of cosolvent to carry the formula experiment. The results of the study show that: the ink prepared with different kinds csolvent have different performance. The ink prepared by isopropyl alcohol has good quality performance.
Study on the Preparation and Property of LDPE/Aluminum Silicate Zeolite Blend Film
Authors: Shi Qing Ping , Li Dong Li , Xu Wen Cai
Published: November 2011

Ethylene is plant hormones, which can promote postharvest fruit mature and age rotten. In fresh-keeping packaging of fruit and vegetable to achieve safety packaging and timely remove ethylene in the wrapper and to extend shelf life, this study were prepared by melting blend weight ratio of zeolite and LDPE were 0 / 100, 2 / 100, 4 / 100, 6 / 100, 8 / 100, five different blending film, and the rub resistance and tensile properties, DSC thermodynamic performance, blocking properties and adsorption performance of ethylene gases of these five kinds of film are studied. With the increase of the content of zeolite the friction coefficient and the tensile strength of the Blend film first increased and then decreased. DSC differential thermal analysis showed that the addition of the zeolite does not have effect on the thermal stability of the blend film. but with the increase of the zeolite content , the crystallinity of the film is reduced ,and the barrier property is declined.
Optimization of Deposition Conditions for Preparing Silica Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Zhu Lin , Lin Jing , Sun Zhi Hui
Published: November 2011

Currently, single factor experiments are used in most of the traditional materials preparation without considering the interaction of the various process factors. Plackett-Burman (PB) design and central composite design (CCD) were applied to optimize eight factors for the silica (SiOx) films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. The results show that the three key factors, RF power density, work pressure and target sample distance are significant to prepare (SiOx) films using PB design, in which the deposition rate is regarded as the target response. By CCD design and response surface analysis, the optimal deposition conditions are 3.72W/cm2, work pressure 0.7Pa, target substrate distance 6cm, and deposition rate is 3.5nm/min.
Properties of SiOx/PET Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Zhi Hui , Lin Jing , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2011

The SiOx thin films for food packaging were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering physical vapor technology on the substrates of 20μm polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by using a pure SiO2 target. The molecular structure of thin film surface composition were detected and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); and the barrier properties of the films were examined by MOCON water vapor permeability testing instrument, also，the relationship maps between permeability and process parameters were drew and the process parameters were optimized; The mechanical properties of thin films were tested by electronic tensile testing machine, and the curves of the relationship between the mechanical properties and process parameters depicted. The SiOx/PET thin films of the lowest water vapor permeability were prepared under the pressure of 7.5×10-3 Pa, the sputtering pressure of 0.23 Pa, the deposition time of 30min and the sputtering power of 1500W. The yield strength increased 4 times and elastic modulus increased 3 times when the water vapor permeability of the SiOx/PET thin films rose about 10 times of the blank.
Biosynthesis of PHB, a New Packaging Material by Methane-Utilizing Mixed Culture HD6T
Authors: Dong Jing , Xin Jia Ying
Published: November 2011

Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has already become the hot spot research in food packaging area because of its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability as a kind of new plastic substitute. The Methane-Utilizing mixed Culture HD6T is able to synthesize PHB with methane in an open system. In order to obtain microbial species of high production PHB low carbon cost in an open system, the ability of accumulating PHB was studied. Through inspecting the culture medium component, the results indicated that: Cultivation was performed in two stages: a continuous growth phase and a PHB accumulation phase under different concentration of essential nutrient (ammonium, nitrate, magnesium or copper) in batch culture. The highest density of cultivated cells was 0.72g dry wtL-1, and PHB content of biomass was as high as 31%.A bacterial mixed culture being used for the biotechnological production of PHB is an important step towards the development of a viable large-scale process for the production of PHB using cheap substrates like methane.content of biomass was as high as 31%.A bacterial mixed culture being used for the biotechnological production of PHB is an important step towards the development of a viable large-scale process for the production of PHB using cheap substrates like methane.
Effect of Oxygen Scavenging Packaging on Orange Juice Quality
Authors: Xu Wen Cai , Li Dong Li , Fu Ya Bo , Huang Shao Yun
Published: November 2011

Physical and chemical quality including vitamin C, TSS, browning index and pH and sensory quality indexes including appearance, color and odor of orange juice were studied during the storage under ambient temperature, take oxygen scavenging films (OSF) as the packaging materials, and high barrier packaging and normal food packaging as the control group. Experimental results showed vitamin C, total soluble solid and pH value of orange juice packed in oxygen scavenging packaging were higher than that in control group, browning index was significantly lower than that in control group, and the sensory quality evaluation was better than that in control group after storage for 5 weeks. This indicated that oxygen scavenging packaging can remove oxygen in package headspace, prevent oxygen from penetrating into package from outside, and form a lower oxygen concentration environment in package. And it can obviously retard the degradation of vitamin C and sugar, delay the browning, delay the decline of orange juice quality, and prolong the shelf life of orange juice.
Preparation of PLLA/OMMT Composite and its Properties
Authors: Duan Rui Xia , Niu Ming Jun , Guo Kai , Chen Jin Zhou , Sui Li Yan , He Ying Ning , Li Xin Fa
Published: November 2011

Poly(L-lactic acid ) (PLLA) /oganic montmorillonite (OMMT) composites were prepared by means of melt-mixing using a twin-screw extruder. The mechanical properties and melt flow rate of the composites were investigated, and their crystallization structure and thermal properties were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). It was shown that the tensile strength, elongation at break and bending strength of the PLLA/OMMT composites firstly increased and then reduced along with the increase of the content of OMMT. The melt flow rate of the composites was obviously improved and the crystallinity was increased. OMMT played a heterogeneous nucleation role in the composites, while it had little impact on thermal stability of the composites.
Effects of Rice Quality by Modified Atmosphere Packing with PA/PE Composite Membrane
Authors: Zhang Li , Fang Rui , Sun Zhi Hui
Published: November 2011

Based on a single-factor experiment method, the changes of water content, fatty acid content, reducing sugar content and viscosity value of rice during storage are analyzed under different mixed fresh atmosphere CO2 and N2 treatment with PA/PE composite membrane. The result indicates the best ratio of mixed gas treatment is 60% CO2 and 40% N2.
Polymerization and Characterization of Gas Permselectivity Functional Packaging Materials
Authors: Fu Ya Bo , Xu Wen Cai , Li Dong Li , Wang Xi
Published: November 2011

Gas permselectivity film is an emerging material which enables it with gas selective permeability functions so as to keep the preservation atmosphere including water vapor, oxygen and other gas concentration of inner packages and thus extends the preservation period of fresh fruits. In this work, the monomer Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and oxygen gas were applied as the precursor and reaction gas, the gas permselective material were deposited on PET and Chitosan substrate by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method, respectively. Different reaction parameters such as monomer proportions, plasma input powers and deposition time were investigated respectively. The film properties were analyzed by Surface Profiler thickness test, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), water vapor transmission rate test (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate test (OTR). The experimental results showed that plasma input power and monomer ratio influence the gas selective permeation (OTR/WVTR ratio) greatly. And also, the mechanism of gas selective permeation of the film was preliminary discussed.
The Preparation and Properties of PVA/nano-TiO2 Composite
Authors: Hao Xi Hai , Li Hui Min
Published: November 2011

Nano-TiO2was modified with amino propyl triethoxy silane (KH550). The PVA/nano-TiO2composite film was formed through a solution casting method. Nano-TiO2and the composite film were characterized and the results show that the PVA/nano-TiO2composite prepared by direct-blending method has better dispersibility and lower weightlessness than the unmodified PVA/nano-TiO2. The tensile strength of the PVA/nano-TiO2composite was increased by 66.35%. The coefficient of the moisture permeability and permeability coefficient of the PVA/ nano-TiO2composite were decreased by 29.94% and 56.67%, respectively.
PLA-Based Biodegradable Copolyester Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wang Bing Tao , Zhang Ping , Gao De
Published: November 2011

In situ melt copolycondensation was proposed to prepare biodegradable copolyester nanocomposites based on degradable components poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA), rigid segments poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), and nanoparticles polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). The morphologies and dispersions of two POSS nanoparticles (POSS-NH2 and POSS-PEG) in the copolyester PLABT matrix and their effects on the mechanical properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that the morphologies and dispersions of POSS-NH2 and POSS-PEG showed quite different characteristics. POSS-PEG took better dispersion in the PLABT, while POSS-NH2 had poor dispersions and formed crystalline microaggregates. Due to the good dispersion and strong interfacial adhesion of POSS-PEG with the matrix, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus were greatly improved from 6.4 and 9.6 MPa for neat PLABT up to 11.2 and 70.7 MPa for PLABT/POSS-PEG nanocomposite. Moreover, the incorporation of POSS-PEG could impart macromolecular chains good flexibility and improve the mobility of the chains, so the the elongation at break of PLABT/POSS-PEG nanocomposite dramatically increased from 190 to 350 % compared with neat PLABT.
Synthesis and Phase Behavior of 4, 4’-Azobisphenol Derivatives
Authors: Sun Sha , Xu Wen Cai , Zhang Chun Xiu , Luo Shi Yong
Published: November 2011

In this paper, 4, 4’-Azobisphenol was synthesized with three methods which were high temperature reduction, Pb-reduction and diazotize-coupling, and diazotize-coupling was the best way. 4, 4’-Azobisphenol derivatives-1, 2- bis(4-(alloxy/hexyloxy)phenyl) diazene were synthesized through etherification. The structures of these compounds were characterized by the methods of 1H-NMR and FTIR. Phase-transition temperature was measured by DSC, and the phase behaviors were studied by the polarizing microscope. In those derivatives, only1, 2- bis(4-(hexyloxy)phenyl) diazene had mesomorphic phase and mosaic texture. Its mesomorphic phase temperature ranged from 89.3°C to101°C.
Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Liquid Crystalline Monomer Containing Chalcone Moiety
Authors: Li Ji Lei , Zhang Wei Min , Zhao Yu Lei , Pu Jia Ling
Published: November 2011

A kind of novel liquid crystalline monomer containing double photosensitive groups which were azo and chalcone groups was synthesized. The structures of the intermediates and the final monomer were confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. The thermal properties of monomer were measured by DSC and the liquid crystalline texture was measured by polarized optical microscopy. And the results indicated that the monomer showed nematic phase and liquid crystal temperature range was 150.8-186.5oC.
The Electroluminescent Devices Based on Benzoxazinone as Strong Fluorescent Material
Authors: Pang Hui , Zhang Wen Guan , Zhao Sheng Min
Published: November 2011

The yellow-green fluorescent material 2-[2-(p-toluenesulphonylamino)phenyl]-4H-3,1- benzoxazin-4-one (TSPAPB) was synthesized by anthranilic acid and p-toluenesulphonyl chloride. Strong photoluminescent peaks were nearly at 530 nm. The fluorescence lifetime of solid powder was measured to be 6.47 ns by transient fluorescence spectrometer. HOMO and LUMO energy levels were calculated -4.92 and -1.61 eV. The multilayer yellow-green organic light-emitting devices (OLED) ITO/NPB/TSPAPB/BCP/TPBi or Alq3/LiF/Al were fabricated. Device A and B exhibited emissions at 576 nm with current efficiencies (CE) of 1.09 and 0.86 cd/A. The yellow-green electroluminescent peaks of Device C and D were at ca. 588 nm with current efficiencies of 0.94 and 0.68 cd/A, respectively. The characteristics of devices demonstrated that TSPAPB was a yellow-green emitter suitable for OLEDs.
Study on TiO2 Light-Induced Amphiphilicity on the Erased Plate
Authors: Yu Ming Guang , Chen Guang Xue , Chen Qi Feng
Published: November 2011

Using Sol - gel prepared SiO2 and TiO2 thin film and coating on the glass substrate, this paper studied TiO2 thin films as a new type of printed material with the illumination time and the infiltration of the relationship between light intensity and illumination time on the water-based ink on film surface adsorption. The results show that: TiO2 thin film by ultraviolet irradiation, its hydrophobic property drastically reduced, and showed super hydrophilic properties and water contact angle down to 5°or less. Thesis results show that: TiO2 thin film with light-induced amphiphilicity expected as a new type of environmentally friendly reusable printing plate.
Study on Regeneration Pre-Sensitized Offset Plate Based on the Nondestructive Testing Method
Authors: Chang Jiang , Gong Xue , Sun Zhi Hui
Published: November 2011

In this paper the vibration testing and Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) analysis detection on the basis of nondestructive testing method were analyzed. The dynamic Young’s modulus of the regeneration pre-sensitized offset plate were obtained by using the nondestructive testing methods, including the dynamic Young’s modulus by longitudinal vibration method, the dynamic Young’s modulus by out-plane flexural vibration method, and the dynamic Young’s modulus by in-plane flexural vibration method. The linear correlativity was investigated between the dynamic Young’s modulus and the modulus of elasticity(MOE) for the regeneration pre-sensitized offset plate.The linear correlations between the dynamic Young’s modulus and the MOE were good. So it is feasible to predict and analyze the plate mechanical properties put forward the nondestructive testing method of key mechanical performance parameters.
Kinetics of the Curing Reaction of a Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol with a Methanol Etherified Amino Resin
Authors: Lv Yong , Long Zhu , Luo Shi Yong , Dai Lei
Published: November 2011

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Subscript textEpoxy resins have been widely used for inner coating in food can and other chemical products storage containers. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used at different heating rates to study the cure kinetics of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with a methanol etherified amino resin (MEAR). The apparent activation energy derived from Kissinger and Ozawa methods is 35.67KJ/mol and 40.27kJ/mol, respectively. The reaction order evaluated by Crane equation is 0. 95 and the frequency factor is 1.12×104s-1. Reaction mechanism was monitored by FTIR spectra of the reaction mixtures before and after curing. The curing reaction below 200°C is between alkoxylmethyl (>NCH2OCH3) and epoxide group, not between alkoxylmethyl and hydroxyls.
Synthesis of Spiropyran Photochromic Polymer
Authors: Xin Xiu Lan , Han Xue , Jin Qiong Hua
Published: November 2011

Photochromic spiropyran material is of the most extensive and in-depth category. Small molecule spiropyran ring by UV irradiation, the color is less stable body, which restricts the widespread use of these compounds. In this paper, the introduction of spiropyran compounds with substituents on the group method of open-loop stability, which will contain active groups spiropyran monomers in the polymer side chain connected to a rigid polymer to limit the use of spiropyran ring merocyanine body rotation, so that the body color is more stable. This selection and design of the process is simple with R = CH2OCOC (CH3) =CH2groups spiropyran monomer compounds, and then with methyl methacrylate polymer formed by radical means. By IR, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and gel permeation chromatography of the target compounds were characterized. UV spectrometer using the compounds of new photochromic properties were tested and the results shows spiropyran monomers and polymers have good photochromic properties. Discoloration kinetic of the spiropyran monomers and polymers in polar solvents proved to the spiropyran side connected to the polymer chain can significantly improve the stability of the color body.
The Study on the Influence of Monomer on the Printing Quality of UV Waterless Offset Ink
Authors: Jia Xiao Xue , Huang Bei Qing , Wei Xian Fu , Han Yuan Xin
Published: November 2011

In order to observe the influence of monomer on the printing quality of UV waterless offset ink, ink samples with different monomer were made, and the main performance parameters such as viscosity, thixotropy, yield value, fluidity and stickiness were tested. Proofing by printability tester, and the printing qualities such as solid density, gloss, dot gain and print contrast were tested. Analyzing the influence of the difference of ink performance that caused by monomer on the printing quality of UV waterless ink. The results show that ink performances affect the printing quality directly. The differences of monomer’s structure and functionality have great effect on ink’s performance such as viscosity, thixotropy, yield value, fluidity and stickiness, and it can lead to the difference of printing quality such as solid density, gloss, dot gain, and print contrast.
The Effect of Emulsification Ratio on Ink-Transfer Performance and Printing Quality of UV Offset Ink
Authors: Ma Xiao Xu , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Bei Qing , Zhang Wan
Published: November 2011

The emulsification ratio of ink has an important effect on ink-transfer performance and printing quality. The UV offset ink of gold and silver cardboard was prepared by three-roll grinder. Ink was emulsified by adding different amounts of water and the ink samples with different emulsification ratio were made. Printability tester was used to proof, test the ink transfer performance, set up Ink transfer equation, confirm the parameters of f’，b and k, and investigate the influence of emulsification ratio on ink-transfer performance. Test the solid density, dot gain and relative contrast value of proofs, analyze the effect of emulsification ratio on printing quality. The research results show that when the ink of plate was large, the amount of ink transfer and the volume of ink on the plate are basic in a linear relationship. When the emulsification ratio of ink is 11.76%, the value b, the solid density and relative contrast value are the biggest. When the emulsification ratio of ink is 6.25%, the value f’ is the biggest. The dot gain is the smallest while the emulsification ratio is 15.67%.
Research on the Color Stability of Edible Ink-Jet Ink
Authors: Sun Jing Mei , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Bei Qing
Published: November 2011

Edible ink-jet ink is environmental friendly and all of its materials reach the food sanitation standards, so it can be directly printed on the surface of food, medicine and packaging in the way of non-contact ink-jet printing. Due to the acid and alkaline of food surface are different, and the food may experience low or high temperatures and long time exposure in the preserved process, so the stability of the ink is of vital important. Edible ink-jet ink has been prepared through choosing reasonable materials. And then, the performances of the ink such as viscosity, surface tension and pH value have been tested. Finally, the best formula of ink has been determined by evaluating the influence of the ink performances to the ink-jet printing quality. We prepared ink sample based on the best formula and stored it in normal temperature environment which is closed to outside, and evaluated the stability of the ink performance through regularly checking its performance; we evaluated the stability of the ink color under different PH value through adding a little acid-base regulator in it; we also evaluated the stability of the ink color to temperature and light through putting the coating sample in the environment with alternate high and low temperature and in the environment with strong light. The result shows that the stability of the ink is fine, and it can be preserved a month at least without any food preservative. The pH value, temperature and light have no influence to the ink color. So it has a favorable color performance and can be printed on the surface of food.
Relative Position and Attitude Determination for Robotic Mars Soft Landing Using Multi-Point Laser Rangefinder
Authors: Xu Rui , Zhu Sheng Ying
Published: November 2011

Several international deep space exploration plans aimed at Mars landing and surface sample returning. Because of the communication delay between Earth and Mars and the lack of information on the Mars complicated surface, autonomous landing at selected location is required. Based on multi-point laser rangefinder and optical navigation camera, the relative position and attitude rapid determination algorithm is present in order to ensure precise and safe landing. To get the normal direction of the landing plane and the target point position, the geometry relation of laser measure vectors and target point are used. Finally, performance of the autonomous relative position and attitude determination system is verified using the numerical simulation. The results show that the proposed methods can achieve accurate position and attitude determination.
Testing Extrusion Flow Stress and Friction Factor via Inverse Analysis
Authors: Dai Xin Ping , Ni Yun
Published: November 2011

Accurate determination of flow stress and friction factor is the guarantee of accuracy for finite element analysis of metal extrusion. Firstly, flow stress equation parameters for materials test were initially decided in order to perform finite element analogy. Then, the simulation values and experiment values were compared and the iterative optimization algorithm was used to amend the parameters. The objective was that value error of simulation and experiment values was controlled within tolerance. Finally, accurate flow stress and friction factor were determined. In rod-rod composite extrusion experiment of pure lead,it is determined by inverse analysis that the material strength coefficient is 11.9, strain hardening exponent is 0.127,and friction factor is 0.18. The comparison of the load-stroke curve between simulation and experiment and pure lead upsetting test contribute to confirm that the measured data is accurate. The results show that inverse analysis is a precise, simple and practical method for measuring flow stress and friction factor.
Measurement of Radial and Axial Error Motion in a High Precision Spindle
Authors: Zhang Xi , Bao Sheng , Cheng Fang
Published: November 2011

The performance of a spindle is critical for high precision machining. In this paper, the spindle error motion in a high precision milling center was measured. The spindle is driven by air turbine with rotation speed of 120,000rpm. The radial and axial error motion of the axis of rotation was measured. The capacitive displacement sensors with nanometer resolution were mounted against the master gauge pin through the dedicated setup. Tlusty method was adopted to synchronize angular position of the spindle and data sampling. The measured radial and axial error motion of the spindle were 2.73μm and 2.59μm respectively. Despite of motion errors, the better machining accuracy still can be achieved. It seems that cutting force may improve the rotation performance of a spindle with aerostatic bearing.
High Speed Machining and Motion Simulating of the Indexing Mechanism with Globoidal Cam
Authors: Fang Dai Zheng , Wang Gui Cheng , Li Xiu Lian
Published: November 2011

s. The work principle of indexing mechanism with globoidal cam is depicted firstly. Equations of the contour surface and the conjugate contact line are deduced by rotating matrix operators. The value of roughness becomes very small by high speed machining, so it can replace the grinding. At last, kinematics analyze and motion simulation are carried out.
Terminal Sliding Tracking Control of Piezoelectric Actuators
Authors: Bao Sheng , Zhang Fu , Li Chao Dong
Published: November 2011

There are parametric uncertainties, nonlinearities including the hysteresis effect, and other un-modeled disturbances existing in piezoelectric actuator systems. A terminal sliding mode control methodology is proposed in this paper. By using nonlinear TSM manifold, the system errors can converge to zero in finite time. So high-precision tracking performance can be achieved. Simulation results are presented to validate the design.