bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a 3-RPS Parallel Manipulator Based on Axodes
Authors: Nurahmi Latifah , Gan Dongming , Agrawal Sunil K.
Published: November 2022

A spatial displacement of a rigid body can be described as a combination of translation and rotation about an axis, known as Instantaneous Screw Axis (ISA). As the rigid body moves over time, ISA will form a ruled surface called axodes. The position and orientation of ISA and its trajectory over time plays an important role to determine kinematic models of the human body. It helps to design wearable orthoses and even to diagnose any pathological patterns. On the other hand, the motion of a rigid body can also be described by a transformation matrix and its time-derivative. This paper presents a synthesis of wearable orthoses based on ISA. The approach is developed based on the relation between two velocity matrices, one computed from the trajectory of the ISA, another one computed from the time-derivative of the transformation matrix. This relation yields a numerical synthesis of parameters of translations and rotations, and design parameters of a rigid body. The developed methodology is applied to a 3-RPS parallel manipulator to obtain parameters of translations and rotations, and platform dimensions for a given set of ISA. The surface of ISA axodes is visualized and three lines of ISA are selected. The poses of a 3-RPS parallel manipulator to achieve the motion defined by a given set of ISA are illustrated. The advantage of this approach is less parameters to be handled, since it aims to synthesize parameters of translations and rotations, instead of coordinates of points. A coupled motion (parasitic motion) undergone by a parallel manipulator can be easily solved by this approach.
Short Paper: An Initial Investigation of the Correlations Between the Quality of Engineering Assignments and Task-Independent Features
Authors: Xu Wanyu , McAdams Daniel A. , Polycarpou Andreas A.
Published: November 2022

The potential development of automated grading brings us the opportunity to change the way of teaching. In this paper, we present our pilot study of the correlations between the scores of engineering assignments and several task-independent features. This work aims to identify features that can subsequently be used in a machine learning framework to support automated grading. We also identified some interesting patterns in this dataset. Our result shows that length features such as word count may indicate a highly structured assignment’s quality, and the number of grammar errors has the potential to be part of the evaluation if we use a carefully designed grammar checker. The present study is expected to contribute to our understanding of automated grading of mechanical engineering technical reports and provide insights into rubric design for assignments.
Frequency Response of Parametric Resonance of Electrostatically Actuated Bio-MEMS Circular Membranes
Authors: Alipi Marcos , Caruntu Dumitru I.
Published: November 2022

This paper deals with the amplitude-frequency response of parametric resonance of electrostatically actuated Bio-MEMS circular membrane resonators. The system consists of a flexible clamped circular membrane over a parallel fixed ground plate. Between the membrane and the ground plate is an alternating current (AC) voltage. The magnitude of the AC voltage is in the range of soft excitation. The AC frequency used to actuate the Bio-MEMS is near the first natural frequency of the membrane. Since the electrostatic force is proportional to the square of the voltage, this actuation leads to parametric resonance of Bio-MEMS circular membranes. The equation of motion includes Casimir and Van deer Waals forces. Two methods of investigation are utilized in this paper, the method of multiple scales (MMS), and the reduced order model (ROM). They are used to analytically and numerically solve the differential equations of motion for amplitude-frequency response of Bio-MEMS membrane resonators. The effects of Casimir force, Van der Waals force, voltage, and damping on the amplitude-frequency response of the system are also reported. The results show that the increase of Casimir and Van der Waals parameters increase the softening effect of the response, i.e., the response shifts towards lower frequencies and amplitudes. The results also showed that an increase in the damping parameter decreased the escape band of the response, while increasing the voltage parameter had the opposite effect increasing the size of the escape band.
An Integrative View of Teams: Team Feedback Dashboards
Authors: Kilicay-Ergin Nil , Mateti Namratha Sri , Chakrapani Sri Harsha , Henderson Daniel , Mitchell John , Sonalkar Neeraj , Jablokow Kathryn
Published: November 2022

In this research-to-practice paper, we present parts of a visual team feedback dashboard generated for 12 industry engineering design teams from various technical fields. All teams were asked to generate conceptual prototypes in response to the same design prompt. Multiple streams of data were collected and analyzed to create feedback dashboards for these engineering design teams. The feedback dashboard aims to capture an integrative view of teams by providing feedback on three levels, including design outcome level, team level, and personal level. The study results have implications for educators, practitioners, and team leaders in terms of stimulating discussion among team members, reinforcing future team behavior, and extracting strategies to improve future team performance, ultimately leading towards more engaged teams and a more highly skilled workforce.
Photometric Stereo Enhanced Light Sectioning Measurement for Microtexture Road Profiling
Authors: Singh Siddharth , Smith Kallia , Furukawa Tomonari
Published: November 2022

Existing light sectioning (LS) measurement systems are incapable of microtexture road profiling in 10 μm precision though it is needed for the analysis. This paper presents LS measurement enhanced by photometric stereo (PS) for the microtexture road profiling. Since the existing LS measurement systems, traditionally using an industrial CCD camera, suffer from the lack of not only the measurement resolution but also the camera resolution, the proposed LS measurement improves both the resolutions by implementing the PS appropriately: a DSLR camera with a macro lens is used for improving the camera resolution while the PS itself improves the measurement resolution. The surface normals derived from the PS are then incorporated through the Poisson’s integration to allow high-resolution LS measurement. The parametric study first validates the efficacy of the proposed measurement over the conventional LS measurement. Measurements on the actual road have then demonstrated the applicability of the proposed measurement to microtexture road profiling.
Experimental Characterization and Modeling of a Unit Soft Air Bladder
Authors: Edward Sandra , Mansouri Mahshid , Hsiao-Wecksler Elizabeth T. , Krishnan Girish
Published: November 2022

The goal of this study was to understand the behavior of a single soft air bladder constructed from nylon-coated thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using a CNC heat-sealing device. More specifically, the aim was to examine how load-bearing ability and internal pressures of the bladder can vary as a function of applied compressive displacement and initial inflation pressure. Additionally, the study explored how various parameters such as geometry (size, shape) and fabrication method (3-sided vs. 4-sided seal, and location of the air fitting on the bladder) would affect the ability to withstand large external loads and internal pressures. A series of force-displacement compressive experiments using an Instron machine suggest that larger initial inflation pressures can withstand larger forces and induce larger internal pressures. Additionally, the bladder’s size and shape affect its behavior. Circular bladders of the same characteristic dimension can withstand smaller forces and internal pressures when compared to square bladders. Furthermore, smaller-sized bladders can withstand smaller forces and internal pressures as compared to large bladders. A simple analytical model for circular bladders was also developed to predict bladder inflation height as a function of the initial inflation pressure and the externally applied load. The model was validated against the experimental results. Based on these results, a set of design guidelines are proposed that help engineers design bladder actuators for various soft-robotics applications to meet the application requirements.
Modelling, Characterization and Testing of an Ocean Wave Powered Desalination System
Authors: Mi Jia , Wu Xian , Capper Joseph , Li Xiaofan , Shalaby Ahmed , Chung Uihoon , Datla Raju , Hajj Muhammad , Zuo Lei
Published: November 2022

Development of alternative freshwater via desalination can address water scarcity and security. Meanwhile, sustainable renewable energy sources are critical to economically achieve seawater desalination. Marine renewable energy has tremendous potential to power the blue economy and is co-located with seawater. This study proposes an ocean wave powered reverse osmosis desalination system, which consists of an oscillating surge wave energy converter with a piston pump and a reverse osmosis desalination module with an accumulator on the shore. Seawater can be pressurized by the oscillating surge wave energy converter and pumped to the reverse osmosis desalination module as feed where it then produces permeate that is free of undesired molecules and larger particles. Numerical models considering potential flow theory of the wave energy converter and solution-diffusion theory of the reverse osmosis membrane were established. A 1:10 scaled prototype was designed, fabricated and tested in a wave tank based on the Froude scaling law. Comprehensive wave tank tests were implemented, characterized, and analyzed considering the water-energy nexus. Scaled tests resulted in the minimal specific energy consumption of 0.44 kWh/m3 under regular wave (wave period Ts = 4s /wave height Hs = 10 cm) with the corresponding optimal recovery ratio of 32%.
Embedded Linear-Motion Developable Mechanisms on Cylindrical Developable Surfaces
Authors: Sheffield Jacob L. , Sargent Brandon , Howell Larry L.
Published: November 2022

This work introduces methods of developing embedded straight-line and linear-motion mechanisms on right circular cylinders. Developable surfaces, particularly right circular cylinders, are the manufactured embodiment of many products. Functional linkages are traditionally not geometrically constrained to a body and often dictate the final shape of the housing they reside in. This work explores the idea of mapping straight-line and linear-motion mechanisms onto cylinders for practical design purposes. Potential applications of embedded cylindrical developable mechanism capable of deployment and generation of linear motion would be useful are discussed. A design guideline is provided outlining the utility of using various linkages to complement a particular engineering design criteria.
Utilizing Bayesian Inference to Optimization Manufacturing Facility Configuration and Task Sequencing in Product Remanufacturing
Authors: Olajoyegbe Toluwalase O. , Morkos Beshoy
Published: November 2022

The landscape of production has evolved drastically from its nascency. The emergence of diverse demand, globalization, environmental and alternative aspects of the global economy, constitutes greater complexity in manufacturing. The need for companies to stay competitive warrant robust business models and systems capable of accommodating uncertainty in markets. Increased attention to sustainability in manufacturing is promoting remanufacturing directives poised to extend product service life which could present uncertainty in supply. This paper proposes a framework/modeling approach to equip manufacturing systems to respond to uncertainty in market demand and supply, with motivation nested in remanufacturing techniques that mitigate compromise in stakeholder requirements whilst accommodating more sustainable practice. The proposed production model implements Bayesian inferential methods to enable data driven capability in the model accounting for uncertainty, heuristics methods in the form of genetic algorithms for adaptability to system deliverables, and discrete modeling approaches to simulate shop floor behaviour through the generation of sample paths. Additionally, this paper provides an overview of contemporary manufacturing in industry and research pertinent to sustainability, intended to present the reader with a clearer view of the landscape and where the research lays. This paper has been written as a precursor to ongoing development of the model presenting current results.
Integration of EMG-Based Learning and Sliding Mode Control for an Exoskeleton Assist-as-Needed Support System
Authors: Delgado Pablo , Gonzalez Nathan , Yihun Yimesker
Published: November 2022

In this study, an electromyography (EMG) signal-based learning is integrated with a Sliding-Mode Control (SMC) law for an effective human-exoskeleton synergy. A modified Recursive Newton-Euler Algorithm (RNEA) with SMC was used to determine and control the inverse dynamics of a highly nonlinear 4 degree-of-freedom exoskeleton designed for the automation of upper-limp therapeutic exercises. The exoskeleton position and velocity, along with the raw EMG signal from the bicep Brachii muscle were used as a feedback. The root mean square (RMS) values of targeted muscles EMG are tracked in a predetermined time window to quantify an adaptive threshold value and control the torque at the exoskeleton joints accordingly. Simulations of the proposed robust control law have been done in MATLAB-Simulink. Results have shown that the designed hybrid Control strategy offers the ability to adjust the needed support instantly based on the amount of muscle engagement presented in the combined motion of the human-exoskeleton system while maintaining the state trajectory errors and input torque bounded to ±7 × 10−3 rads and ±5 N.m, respectively.
Role of Representation in Subsystem Clustering: Effects of Distance Between Elements
Authors: Patel Apurva , Murphy Alexander R. , Summers Joshua D. , Sen Chiradeep
Published: November 2022

Engineering systems are often represented in terms of their function or the constituent components. Several representation styles and modalities have been proposed and used in the engineering design literature. This study investigates the effects of three different system representation styles on system understanding. Component graph, function graph, and function structure are compared in term of subsystem clustering. A mixed replication experiment is conducted where undergraduate student participants are asked to group or cluster system elements into subsystems. Data collected is analyzed in terms of distances between elements and occurrence of element pairs in the same parent cluster. Distances are measured in terms of connectivity, physical distance, and semantic distance. Results show that participants tend to cluster elements together when they are separated by smaller distances. Connective and physical distances show clear trends with pair occurrence, whereas trends with semantic distance are unclear. Correlations between physical distance and pair occurrence point to differences between the representation styles. Alternatively, deviations from the general trends indicate that strength of influence for each of the distance measures may be contextually dependent. Findings suggest that visual layout of system elements affects system understanding, and we should be cognizant of the implicit information that we may be communicating by our choice of layout. Finally, limitations of the research are discussed, and future work is identified.
Ocean Wave Energy Conversion of a Spar Platform Using a Nonlinear Inerter Pendulum Vibration Absorber
Authors: Gupta Aakash , Tai Wei-Che
Published: November 2022

A nonlinear inerter pendulum vibration absorber is integrated with an electromagnetic power take-off system (called IPVA-PTO) and is analyzed for its efficacy in ocean wave energy conversion of a spar platform. The IPVA-PTO system shows a nonlinear energy transfer phenomenon between the spar and the IPVA-PTO which can be used to convert the vibration energy of the spar into electricity while reducing the hydrodynamic response of the spar. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the spar are computed using a commercial boundary-element-method (BEM) code. It is shown that the energy transfer is associated with 1:2 internal resonance of the pendulum vibration absorber, which is induced by a period-doubling bifurcation. The period-doubling bifurcation is studied using the harmonic balance method. A modified alternating frequency/time (AFT) approach is developed to compute the Jacobian matrix involving nonlinear inertial effects of the IPVA-PTO system. It is shown that the period-doubling bifurcation leads to 1:2 internal resonance and plays a major role in the energy transfer between the spar and the pendulum. The response amplitude operator (RAO) in heave and the capture width of the IPVA-PTO-integrated spar are compared with its linear counterpart and it is shown that the IPVA-PTO system outperforms the linear energy harvester as the former has a lower RAO and higher capture width.
Influence of Manufacturing Process Parameters on GRCop-42 Produced by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Herrick Joshua , Younglove Andrew , Sharp Chris
Published: November 2022

This paper looks to explore how variances in printing process parameters affect the density, porosity, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured GRCop-42, ultimately providing additional testing for this novel material. Since increased porosity can be correlated to decreased part performance, it is imperative that additive manufacturing companies understand what combination of printing parameters in the Selective Laser Melting process result in near fully dense parts. GRCop-42 presents an opportunity for the aerospace industry to make significant advancement in liquid rocket engine design. Currently there have been few studies published concerning additively manufactured GRCop-42 outside of NASA, making additional testing on vendor specific processes paramount. The GRCop-42 specimens tested in this paper were provided by i3D-MFG, a metal additive manufacturing company based in Redmond Oregon. As to not compromise their specific testing parameter sets the specimens have been codified. From the testing conducted on additive manufactured GRCop-42 for this paper, it was shown that variances in printing process parameters had significant effects on the porosity, and consequently the mechanical properties. With the addition of post processes such as Hot Isostatic Pressing, near fully dense parts were achieved. The intention of this publication is to provide an initial understanding of this new material in an effort to support its broader use in academia and industry.
Characterization of Nonlinear Kirigami Springs Through Transient Response
Authors: Danzi Francesco , Jenkins Joshua , Tao Hongcheng , Gibert James M.
Published: November 2022

Kirigami is defined as the ancient Japanese art of cutting and folding paper to create three-dimensional structures, which is a subset of the larger term. Recent developments in kirigami-based structures have sparked interest in the engineering community for the development of mechanical metastructures with customized behavior such as negative Poisson’s ratio, out-of-plane buckling, and soft robot locomotion. In this manuscript, nonlinear springs based on kirigami are developed; the springs can be used to create customized nonlinear oscillators and vibration suppression systems. A Helmholtz-Duffing oscillator with nonlinear damping is created by attaching a mass to a smooth track with the kirigami springs attached to it.

Kirigami springs were made by strategically cutting plastic sheets in predetermined patterns and arranging them in a ring. Identification of the unknown system parameters is accomplished through the use of a two-step procedure. To determine the quasi-static behavior of the spring, it was first subjected to tensile testing. These parameters serve as the foundation for developing a strategy for determining the unknown energy loss parameters in a system. In the second step, the Method of Multiple Scales is used to develop an approximate solution for the transient response, which is then tested. This solution is coupled with an optimization routine that, by modifying the unknown model parameters, seeks to reduce the error between the experimental free oscillations and the developed analytical solution as closely as possible.
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of (100) β-Ga2O3 on on-axis Ga2O3 substrates
Authors: Meng Lingyu , Bhuiyan A F M Anhar Uddin , Feng Zixuan , Huang Hsien-Lien , Hwang Jinwoo , Zhao Hongping
Published: November 2022

Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growths of β-Ga2O3 on on-axis (100) Ga2O3 substrates are comprehensively investigated. Key MOCVD growth parameters including growth temperature, pressure, group VI/III molar flow rate ratio, and carrier gas flow rate are mapped. The dependence of the growth conditions is correlated with surface morphology, growth rate, and electron transport properties of the MOCVD grown (100) β-Ga2O3 thin films. Lower shroud gas (argon) flow is found to enhance the surface smoothness with higher room temperature (RT) electron Hall mobility. The growth rate of the films decreases but with an increase of electron mobility as the VI/III molar flow rate ratio increases. Although no significant variation on the surface morphologies is observed at different growth temperatures, the general trend of electron Hall mobilities are found to increase with increasing growth temperature. The growth rates reduce significantly with uniform surface morphologies as the chamber pressure increases. By tuning the silane flow rate, the controllable carrier concentration of (100) β-Ga2O3 thin films between low-1017 cm−3 and low-1018 cm−3 was achieved. Under optimized growth condition, an (100) β-Ga2O3 thin film with RMS roughness value of 1.64 nm and a RT mobility of 24 cm2/Vs at a carrier concentration of 7.0 × 1017 cm−3 are demonstrated. The mobilities are primarily limited by the twin lamellae and stacking faults defects generated from the growth interface. Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the formation of twin boundary defects in the films, resulting in the degradation of crystalline quality. Results from this work provide fundamental understanding of the MOCVD epitaxy of (100) β-Ga2O3 on on-axis Ga2O3 substrates and the dependence of the material properties on growth conditions. The limitation of electron transport properties of the (100) β-Ga2O3 thin films below 25 cm2/Vs is attributed to the formation of incoherent boundaries (twin lamellae) and stacking faults grown along the on-axis (100) crystal orientation.
“They Just See Guys as Bodies”: Assessing Credibility of Injury Communication in the National Football League
Authors: Cassilo David , McGlynn Joseph
Published: November 2022

This study examined interviews with former National Football League (NFL) players to better understand the role that source credibility plays in concussion and injury communication. The NFL has a complex history with concussions and other injuries, yet has made some recent attempts to improve player safety. Researchers interviewed 10 former NFL players about concussion and injury communication that is league-based, team-based, and teammate-based. The researchers performed a thematic analysis of those interview transcripts with a focus on source credibility and injury communication, finding that while the NFL has attempted to make the game safer, players still struggle to trust the league, which impacts their willingness to accept health information. These findings indicate that NFL players may never find the league truly credible or neutral toward injuries. Further, injury education programs that include greater involvement from teammates may be successful strategies to increasing awareness within the locker room, as players indicated that fellow players can be viewed as more trustworthy sources of information.
Adult newborn granule cells confer emotional state–dependent adaptability in memory retrieval
Authors: Lei Bo , Kang Bilin , Lin Wantong , Chen Haichao , Hao Yuejun , Ma Jian , Shi Songhai , Zhong Yi
Published: November 2022

Achieving optimal behavior requires animals to flexibly retrieve prior knowledge. Here, we show that adult newborn granule cells (anbGCs) mediate emotional state–dependent adaptability of memory retrieval. We find that acute social reward (aSR) enhances memory retrieval by increasing the reactivation of engram cells, while acute social stress (aSS) weakens retrieval and reduces the reactivation. Such bidirectional regulation relies on the activation of distinct populations of anbGCs by aSR and aSS, triggering opposing modifications of dDG activity, which is sufficient to regulate and predict the performance of memory retrieval. Concordantly, in emotional disorder models, aSR-dependent memory adaptability is impaired, while the effect of aSS remains intact. Together, our data revealed that anbGCs mediate adaptability of memory retrieval, allowing animals to flexibly retrieve memory according to the current emotional state, and suggested the essential roles of anbGCs in translating emotional information to the regulation of memory expression.
High–temporal resolution profiling reveals distinct immune trajectories following the first and second doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines
Authors: Rinchai Darawan , Deola Sara , Zoppoli Gabriele , Kabeer Basirudeen Syed Ahamed , Taleb Sara , Pavlovski Igor , Maacha Selma , Gentilcore Giusy , Toufiq Mohammed , Mathew Lisa , Liu Li , Vempalli Fazulur Rehaman , Mubarak Ghada , Lorenz Stephan , Sivieri Irene , Cirmena Gabriella , Dentone Chiara , Cuccarolo Paola , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Baldi Federico , Garbarino Alberto , Cigolini Benedetta , Cremonesi Paolo , Bedognetti Michele , Ballestrero Alberto , Bassetti Matteo , Hejblum Boris P. , Augustine Tracy , Van Panhuys Nicholas , Thiebaut Rodolphe , Branco Ricardo , Chew Tracey , Shojaei Maryam , Short Kirsty , Feng Carl G. ,   PREDICT-19 Consortium, Zughaier Susu M. , De Maria Andrea , Tang Benjamin , Ait Hssain Ali , Bedognetti Davide , Grivel Jean-Charles , Chaussabel Damien
Published: November 2022

Knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning the development of protective immunity conferred by mRNA vaccines is fragmentary. Here, we investigated responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination via high–temporal resolution blood transcriptome profiling. The first vaccine dose elicited modest interferon and adaptive immune responses, which peaked on days 2 and 5, respectively. The second vaccine dose, in contrast, elicited sharp day 1 interferon, inflammation, and erythroid cell responses, followed by a day 5 plasmablast response. Both post-first and post-second dose interferon signatures were associated with the subsequent development of antibody responses. Yet, we observed distinct interferon response patterns after each of the doses that may reflect quantitative or qualitative differences in interferon induction. Distinct interferon response phenotypes were also observed in patients with COVID-19 and were associated with severity and differences in duration of intensive care. Together, this study also highlights the benefits of adopting high-frequency sampling protocols in profiling vaccine-elicited immune responses.
Siponimod-related bilateral cystoid macular oedema and intravenous fluorescein angiographic findings in a patient with stable proliferative diabetic retinopathy without history of diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Foos William F , Culp Catherine , Asahi Masumi , Patronas Marena
Published: November 2022

Siponimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator used as disease-modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis similar to Fingolimod which has been known to cause dose dependent fingolimod associated macular oedema (FAME). We report a case of delayed onset bilateral cystoid macular oedema in a patient with stable proliferative diabetic retinopathy who developed cystoid macular oedema in the setting of siponimod (Mayzent; Novartis Pharmaceuticals; Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) use. As with FAME, cystoid macular oedema resolved in the patient’s eyes with drug cessation and adjunctive topical anti-inflammatory therapy. We highlight unique fluorescein angiographic findings within this class of drugs as well as the clinical challenge posed by comorbid diabetic and inflammatory ophthalmic pathology.
Swallowing outcomes in dysphagia interventions in Parkinson’s disease: a scoping review
Authors: Hirschwald Julia , Hofacker Jule , Duncan Sallyanne , Walshe Margaret
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To identify all outcomes, their definitions, outcome measurement instruments (OMIs), timepoints and frequency of measurement applied in clinical trials in oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) interventions in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This scoping review is the first stage of a larger project establishing a core outcome set for dysphagia interventions in Parkinson’s disease (COS-DIP).

Design

Scoping review.

Methods

Six electronic databases and one trial registry were searched without language restrictions until March 2022. Bibliography lists of included studies were also reviewed. Study screening and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers using Covidence. The scoping review protocol is registered and published (http://hdl.handle.net/2262/97652).

Results

19 studies with 134 outcomes were included. Trial outcomes were mapped to a recommended taxonomy for COSs and merged. 39 outcomes were identified. The most frequently measured were general swallowing-related outcomes, global quality-of-life outcomes and swallowing-related perceived health status outcomes. The applied outcomes, their definitions, OMIs, timepoints and frequency of measurement showed a high variability across all studies.

Conclusions

The high variability of outcomes emphasises the need for an agreed standardised COS. This will inform clinical trial design in OD in PD, increase the quality of OD trials in PD and facilitate synthesising and comparing study results to reach conclusion on the safety and effectiveness of OD interventions in PD. It will not prevent or restrict researchers from examining other outcomes.

Trial registration number

The COS-DIP study, including the scoping review, was registered prospectively with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Database on 24 September 2021 (www.comet-initiative.org, registration number: 1942).
Experimental study of initial water content and specimen preparation method effects on Kunigel-V1 bentonite swelling pressures
Authors: Ruan Kunlin , Komine Hideo , Wang Hailong , Ito Daichi
Published: November 2022

With a newly developed swelling pressure apparatus, swelling pressure tests were conducted to elucidate initial water content and specimen preparation method effects on swelling pressures (swelling pressure evaluation curve and equilibrium swelling pressure) of Kunigel-V1 bentonite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were conducted to investigate the initial water content and specimen preparation method effects on basal spacing, including basal spacings of specimens before and after wetting. Experiments produced the following results. (1) The swelling pressure evaluation curve changed from a line with peak and valley to a line with early-stage steady rise as increasing initial water content. (2) The initial water content and specimen preparation method exerted no apparent effect on the equilibrium swelling pressure. (3) Basal spacing of the specimen before wetting was affected not only by the initial water content but also by the specimen preparation method. (4) The initial water content did not influence the basal spacing of the specimen after wetting. It was only affected by the specimen preparation method. Based on the swelling pressure evaluation curve patterns, swelling mechanisms during saturation for specimens with different initial conditions were discussed. Initial water content and specimen preparation method effects on equilibrium swelling pressure were explained carefully with basal spacings.
Constraining axion-like particles with the diffuse gamma-ray flux measured by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory
Authors: Mastrototaro Leonardo , Carenza Pierluca , Chianese Marco , Fiorillo Damiano F. G. , Miele Gennaro , Mirizzi Alessandro , Montanino Daniele
Published: November 2022

The detection of very high-energy neutrinos by IceCube experiment supports the existence of a comparable gamma-ray counterpart from the same cosmic accelerators. Under the likely assumption that the sources of these particles are of extragalactic origin, the emitted photon flux would be significantly absorbed during its propagation over cosmic distances. However, in the presence of photon mixing with ultra-light axion-like-particles (ALPs), this expectation would be strongly modified. Notably, photon-ALP conversions in the host galaxy would produce an ALP flux which propagates unimpeded in the extragalactic space. Then, the back-conversion of ALPs in the Galactic magnetic field leads to a diffuse high-energy photon flux. In this context, the recent detection of the diffuse high-energy photon flux by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) allows us to exclude at the$$95\%$$95%CL an ALP-photon coupling$$g_{a\gamma } > rsim 3.9$$gaγ≳3.9–$$7.8 \times 10^{-11}~\mathrm {GeV^{-1}}$$7.8×10-11GeV-1for$$m_{a}\lesssim 4\times 10^{-7}~\textrm{eV}$$ma≲4×10-7eV, depending on the assumptions on the magnetic fields and on the original gamma-ray spectrum. This new bound is complementary with other ALP constraints from very-high-energy gamma-ray experiments and sensitivities of future experiments.
Fundamental photon orbits in the double Schwarzschild space-time
Authors: Fan Zeyu , Teo Edward
Published: November 2022

We consider photon orbits in the space-time consisting of two identical Schwarzschild black holes in static equilibrium. In particular, we focus on fundamental photon orbits – bound photon orbits that do not fall into either black hole or go to infinity. It is known that there could exist up to two circular photon orbits lying in the plane of symmetry between the black holes. In this paper, we present more examples of fundamental photon orbits in this space-time. This includes non-circular orbits lying in the plane of symmetry, circular orbits that lie off the plane of symmetry, polar orbits, and non-planar orbits that orbit around one or both of the black holes. These orbits are all unstable. Finally, in an appendix, we present a class of circular time-like orbits that lie off the plane of symmetry.
Power Maxwell nonlinear electrodynamics and the singularity of the electric field
Authors: Mazharimousavi S. Habib
Published: November 2022

Power Maxwell nonlinear electrodynamics has become one of the well-known nonlinear models. Initially, it was proposed to make Maxwell’s theory conformally invariant in higher dimensions. Therefore, it was not expected from the model to remove the electric field’s singularity at the point charges’ location. Such singularity removal was the core of the very early model known as the Born–Infeld model. In the literature, this point has been highlighted very recently in [B. E. Panah, EPL  134, 20005 (2021)] where a variable power Maxwell model has been introduced to remove the field’s singularity. Here, in this short study, we shed more light on the issue by giving a physically acceptable mechanism for removing the singularity of the point charge at its location by applying the power Maxwell’s nonlinear electrodynamics.
The tightest knot is not necessarily the smallest
Authors: Klotz Alexander R.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we attempt to find counterexamples to the conjecture that the ideal form of a knot, that which minimizes its contour length while respecting a no-overlap constraint, also minimizes the volume of the knot, as determined by its convex hull. We measure the convex hull volume of knots during the length annealing process, identifying local minima in the hull volume that arise due to buckling and symmetry breaking. We use [Formula: see text] torus knots as an illustrative example of a family of knots whose locally minimal-length embeddings are not necessarily ordered by volume. We identify several knots whose central curve has a convex hull volume that is not minimized in the ideal configuration, and find that [Formula: see text] has a non-ideal global minimum in its convex hull volume even when the thickness of its tube is taken into account.
AN OPTIMAL CONTROL MODEL FOR THE IMPACT OF PHOSLOCK ON THE MITIGATION OF ALGAL BIOMASS IN LAKES
Authors: TIWARI PANKAJ KUMAR , ROY SUBARNA , DOUGLAS GRANT , MISRA ARVIND KUMAR
Published: November 2022

In this study, we investigate the effects of excessive inputs of bioavailable phosphorus into a lake from agricultural fields and households on algal bloom formation, and its potential management by using the lanthanum-modified clay Phoslock as a bioavailable phosphorus adsorbent. We also investigate the impact of time delay involved in the process of applying Phoslock after measuring the density of algal biomass in the lake. Moreover, the seasonal effects in the input of bioavailable phosphorus from the agricultural lands and the application rate of Phoslock have been investigated. Our simulation results show that the algal growth accelerates if the bioavailable phosphorus is excessively loaded through agricultural runoff and domestic discharges. However, algal biomass can be effectively controlled by employing Phoslock in a sufficiently large quantity. Further, we find that a delay in the application of Phoslock induces limit cycle oscillations. Furthermore, our findings show that the combined actions of delay and periodicity in the application of Phoslock bring forth dynamical complexity in the lake system by giving rise to higher periodic solutions and bursting patterns. Lastly, we investigate an optimal control problem to estimate the optimum dosage of Phoslock for the mitigation of algal biomass from the lake system.
Research on Secure Encryption and Transmission of Disaster Backup of Massive Data Based on Cloud Computing
Authors: Ha Jinhua , Chen Xu
Published: November 2022

In order to ensure the protection of important data in the face of natural and man-made disasters in data centers in cloud computing services, sufficient backups of the data are required. This paper briefly introduced the security encryption measures for disaster backup of data under cloud computing. The transmission performance during disaster backup was improved by the intelligent ant colony algorithm. Simulation experiments were performed to compare the encryption performance of two encryption algorithms, the Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (RSA) algorithm and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, in disaster backup, and the transmission performance of the intelligent ant colony algorithm and the maximum network flow algorithm. The results showed that the asymmetric encryption algorithm and the RSA algorithm had better encryption performance than the AES algorithm in terms of disaster backup; with the increase of backup data volume, the transmission performance of both route assignment algorithms decreased, but the intelligent ant colony algorithm always outperformed the maximum network flow algorithm.
Geometric quantization on CR manifolds
Authors: Hsiao Chin-Yu , Ma Xiaonan , Marinescu George
Published: November 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a compact connected orientable Cauchy–Riemann (CR) manifold with the action of a compact Lie group [Formula: see text]. Under natural pseudoconvexity assumptions we show that the CR Guillemin–Sternberg map is an isomorphism at the level of Sobolev spaces of CR functions, modulo a finite-dimensional subspace. As application we study this map for holomorphic line bundles which are positive near the inverse image of [Formula: see text] by the momentum map. We also show that “quantization commutes with reduction” for Sasakian manifolds.
Maximal commutative subalgebras of Leavitt path algebras
Authors: Bajor Grzegorz , Cichocka Anna , Wyk Leon van , Ziembowski Michał
Published: November 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a field, and let [Formula: see text] be a row-finite (directed) graph. We present a construction of a wealth of maximal commutative subalgebras of the Leavitt path algebra [Formula: see text], which is a far-reaching generalization of the construction of the commutative core as a maximal commutative subalgebra of [Formula: see text].
Differentially private distributed logistic regression with the objective function perturbation
Authors: Yang Haibo , Ji Yulong , Pan Yanfeng , Zou Bin , Fu Yingxiong
Published: November 2022

Distributed learning is a very effective divide-and-conquer strategy for dealing with big data. As distributed learning algorithms become more and more mature, network security issues including the risk of privacy disclosure of personal sensitive data, have attracted high attention and vigilance. Differentially private is an important method that maximizes the accuracy of a data query while minimizing the chance of identifying its records when querying from the given data. The known differentially private distributed learning algorithms are based on variable perturbation, but the variable perturbation method may be non-convergence and the experimental results usually have large deviations. Therefore, in this paper, we consider differentially private distributed learning algorithm based on objective function perturbation. We first propose a new distributed logistic regression algorithm based on objective function perturbation (DLR-OFP). We prove that the proposed DLR-OFP satisfies differentially private, and obtain its fast convergence rate by introducing a new acceleration factor for the gradient descent method. The numerical experiments based on benchmark data show that the proposed DLR-OFP algorithm has fast convergence rate and better privacy protection ability.
WAD-CMSN: Wasserstein distance-based cross-modal semantic network for zero-shot sketch-based image retrieval
Authors: Xu Guanglong , Hu Zhensheng , Cai Jia
Published: November 2022

Zero-shot sketch-based image retrieval (ZSSBIR) aims at retrieving natural images given free hand-drawn sketches that may not appear during training. Previous approaches used semantic aligned sketch-image pairs or utilized memory expensive fusion layer for projecting the visual information to a low-dimensional subspace, which ignores the significant heterogeneous cross-domain discrepancy between highly abstract sketch and relevant image. This may yield poor performance in the training phase. To tackle this issue and overcome this drawback, we propose a Wasserstein distance-based cross-modal semantic network (WAD-CMSN) for ZSSBIR. Specifically, it first projects the visual information of each branch (sketch, image) to a common low-dimensional semantic subspace via Wasserstein distance in an adversarial training manner. Furthermore, a novel identity matching loss is employed to select useful features, which can not only capture complete semantic knowledge, but also alleviate the over-fitting phenomenon caused by the WAD-CMSN model. Experimental results on the challenging Sketchy (Extended) and TU-Berlin (Extended) datasets indicate the effectiveness of the proposed WAD-CMSN model over several competitors.
Revisiting Group Fairness Metrics: The Effect of Networks
Authors: Mehrotra Anay , Sachs Jeff , Celis L. Elisa
Published: November 2022

An increasing amount of work studies fairness in socio-technical settings from a computational perspective. This work has introduced a variety of metrics to measure fairness in different settings. Most of these metrics, however, do not account for the interactions between individuals or evaluate any underlying network's effect on the outcomes measured. While a wide body of work studies the organization of individuals into a network structure and how individuals access resources in networks, the impact of network structure on fairness has been largely unexplored.

We introduce templates for group fairness metrics that account for network structure. More specifically, we present two types of group fairness metrics that measure distinct yet complementary forms of bias in networks. The first type of metric evaluates how access to others in the network is distributed across groups. The second type of metric evaluates how groups distribute their interactions across other groups, and hence captures inter-group biases. We find that ignoring the network can lead to spurious fairness evaluations by either not capturing imbalances in influence and reach illuminated by the first type of metric, or by overlooking interaction biases as evaluated by the second type of metric. Our empirical study illustrates these pronounced differences between network and non-network evaluations of fairness.
Cross-Cultural Exploration of Music Sharing
Authors: Park So Yeon , Lee Kyung Yun , Lee Jin Ha
Published: November 2022

Music sharing is a common social activity that people have long engaged in, from gifting mixtapes to sharing music links. Our practices around sharing music have shifted markedly with the advent of streaming music platforms and social media, and it has remained an important part of our social fabric. Yet there is a dearth of research on how people share music today, and our understanding of attitudes and practices of sharing music across cultures is even more lacking. To understand how people across cultures engage in music sharing, we have conducted interviews with 32 participants from two cultures: South Korea and United States. Through qualitative analysis, we found largely three reasons why people share music, types of music shared, strategy factors considered when sharing music, outcomes achieved, and challenges people experience when sharing music. We present a framework of music sharing that visualizes these components of the music sharing process. From these results, we identify similarities and differences that emerged. We derive design implications for music sharing platforms including providing varied avenues for feedback on shared music, motivating users to share more, and helping users to better manage shared music.
Characteristics and Challenges of Clinical Documentation in Self-Organized Fast-Paced Medical Work
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Joy Karen , Harris Richard , Park Sun Young
Published: November 2022

Clinical documentation is a time-consuming and challenging task, especially in time-critical medical settings. Even with a dedicated scribe person, timely and accurate documentation under time constraints is never easy. In this work, we present a unique type of fast-paced medical team--emergency medical services (EMS)--which has no designated role for documentation while constantly working outside in the field to provide urgent patient care. Through interviews with 13 EMS practitioners, we reveal several interesting and prominent characteristics of EMS documentation practice as well as their associated challenges: EMS practitioners self-organize and collaborate on documentation while in the meantime being both physically and cognitively preoccupied with high-acuity patients, having limited capability to use handheld documentation systems in real-time, and being overwhelmed by strict documentation requirements and regulations. Lastly, we use our findings to discuss both technical and non-technical implications to support timely and collaborative documentation in dynamic medical contexts while accounting for care providers' physical and cognitive constraints in using computing devices.