bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Study of Postoperative Development of Implant-Induced Osteoporosis in Radial–Ulnar Fractures in Toy Breed Dogs Treated with Plate Fixation
Authors: Muroi Norihiro , Shimada Masakazu , Murakami Sawako , Akagi Hiroyuki , Kanno Nobuo , Suzuki Shuji , Harada Yasuji , Orima Hiromitsu , Hara Yasushi
Published: August 2021

Objective This study aimed to evaluate implant-induced osteoporosis (IIO) development in toy breed dogs treated using internal fixation with digital radiographs as the index of pixel values.

Study Design There were 226 cases (236 limbs) of toy breed dogs with radial–ulnar fractures. Pixel values were measured on radiographs immediately, 2 weeks and 1 to 12 months after surgery. The ratio of pixel values (PVR) represented the bone mineral areal density based on the humeral condyle in the same image. The dogs were grouped based on the fixation methods, age and status of destabilization.

Results There was a significant decrease in the PVR at 1 to 12 months postoperatively for all cases. There were not any significant differences in PVR of antebrachial fractures between those repaired with plates using locking head screws, cortex screws or a combination of locking and cortex screws. Implant-induced osteoporosis persisted at 1 to 12 months postoperatively in dogs aged ≧6 months, while the PVR increased after 3 months in dogs aged <6 months. Based on the destabilization method, there was a significant increase in the PVR at 3 months in the plate removal group.

Conclusion This study suggests that IIO occurs in small dogs treated with plates and screws. Moreover, patients aged < 6 months showed an early postoperative recovery of bone mineral areal density. Further, screw and plate removal could contribute to the recovery of bone mineral areal density.
Ancestral Dravidian languages in Indus Civilization: ultraconserved Dravidian tooth-word reveals deep linguistic ancestry and supports genetics
Authors: Ansumali Mukhopadhyay Bahata
Published: August 2021

Ever since the discovery of Indus valley civilization, scholars have debated the linguistic identities of its people. This study analyzes numerous archaeological, linguistic, archaeogenetic and historical evidences to claim that the words used for elephant (like, ‘pīri’, ‘pīru’) in Bronze Age Mesopotamia, the elephant-word used in the Hurrian part of an Amarna letter of ca. 1400 BC, and the ivory-word (‘pîruš’) recorded in certain sixth century BC Old Persian documents, were all originally borrowed from ‘pīlu’, a Proto-Dravidian elephant-word, which was prevalent in the Indus valley civilization, and was etymologically related to the Proto-Dravidian tooth-word ‘*pal’ and its alternate forms (‘*pīl’/‘*piḷ’/‘*pel’). This paper argues that there is sufficient morphophonemic evidence of an ancient Dravidian ‘*piḷ’/‘*pīl’-based root, which meant ‘splitting/crushing’, and was semantically related to the meanings ‘tooth/tusk’. This paper further observes that ‘pīlu’ is among the most ancient and common phytonyms of the toothbrush treeSalvadora persica, which is a characteristic flora of Indus valley, and whose roots and twigs have been widely used as toothbrush in IVC regions since antiquity. This study claims that this phytonym ‘pīlu’ had also originated from the same Proto-Dravidian tooth-word, and argues that since IVC people had named their toothbrush trees and tuskers (elephants) using a Proto-Dravidian tooth-word, and since these names were widely used across IVC regions, a significant population of Indus valley civilization must have used that Proto-Dravidian tooth-word in their daily communication. Since ‘tooth’ belongs to the core non-borrowable ultraconserved vocabulary of a speech community, its corollary is that a significant population of IVC spoke certain ancestral Dravidian languages. Important insights from recent archaeogenetic studies regarding possible migration of Proto-Dravidian speakers from Indus valley to South India also corroborate the findings of this paper.
Probabilistic optimal power flow calculation method considering sequential features and correlations of multi-uncertain source-load scenarios
Authors: Qian Tiantian , Yang Shengchun , Geng Jian , Wang Shenghe
Published: August 2021

In order to accurately evaluate the influence of the correlation and sequential feature of wind power, PV power, and load on the economic operation of a power system, a sequential probabilistic optimal power flow calculation method based on multi-uncertain source-load scenarios generated by a multi-generative adversarial network (MGAN) is proposed. First, the historical datasets of wind power, PV power, and load in adjacent areas were collected, and their probability distributions in 24 time periods were analyzed. The results showed that the probability distribution of different periods had obvious differences, which were defined as time sequence differences in this paper. Second, a novel neural network called MGAN for scenario generation was designed. Based on the historical data of each time period, the correlated wind power, photovoltaic (PV) power, and load scenarios were generated by MGAN. Finally, in the modified IEEE 118-bus system, in which two wind power sources, two PV power sources, and two loads with correlation were integrated, probabilistic optimal power flow calculations were carried out for 24 periods with the goal of the lowest power generation cost of thermal power units. The experimental results showed that the power generation cost fluctuation ranges that considered the time sequence difference were reduced by 60% on average compared with the nonconsidered. The proposed method can effectively reduce the power generation cost budget.
Optimization of wind resistance in commercial vehicles with consideration of sunroof buffeting noise
Authors: Li Shenfang , Lu Zengjun , Tang Rongjiang , Xu Enyong , Feng Zhe , Li Guangsheng
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to reduce the aerodynamic resistance coefficient of heavy commercial vehicles and buffeting noise that occurs when a sunroof is opened. Computational fluid dynamics was used to establish a numerical simulation model of wind resistance and buffeting noise. Analysis shows that the main influences on aerodynamic resistance are the airflow impact on the roof dome and the wake vortex behind the cab. Sunroof buffeting noise is caused by a low-pressure turbulent vortex generated at the forehead of the cab and falls off at the sunroof. A strategy for reducing the wind resistance coefficient and sunroof buffeting noise is proposed, which involves optimizing the sun visor installation angle and roof dome shape. The optimal strategy is to increase the sun visor installation angle by 4° and use the Scheme 2 roof dome. After optimization, the aerodynamic resistance coefficient of the commercial vehicle was reduced by 2.07% and the sound pressure level of sunroof buffeting noise was reduced by 18.3 dB. Hence, the effect of optimization was obvious. This work provides guidance for reducing drag and buffeting noise in commercial vehicles.
Simulation of the effect of polarization Coulomb field scattering on device linearity in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors using the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Yang Yongxiong , Lin Zhaojun , Wang Mingyan , Zhou Heng , Liu Yang , Jiang Guangyuan
Published: August 2021

This paper demonstrates the improvement of device linearity in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs) using polarization Coulomb field (PCF) scattering and investigates the relationship between device linearity and PCF scattering under 10 and 20 V drain bias. The mobility of the gate-to-source region in AlGaN/GaN HFETs is calculated using the Monte Carlo method. We find that PCF scattering decreases with an increase in gate bias (from −3 to −0.5 V) under high field conditions, leading to lower gate-to-source resistance. Under 20 V drain bias, linearity is worse than under 10 V drain bias. The transconductance drop is significant in AlGaN/GaN HFETs, which damages linearity. By adopting an appropriate drain bias, PCF scattering can alleviate transconductance drop and improve the linearity of AlGaN/GaN HFETs.
Comparison of spotlighting and trapping in population surveys of the squirrel glider
Authors: Goldingay Ross L. , Taylor Brendan D.
Published: August 2021

Population monitoring of arboreal mammals should be informed by estimates of detection probabilities from different methods. We employed trapping and spotlighting across 36 transects to detect the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis). Repeat surveys were conducted over five sessions. We used multi-method occupancy to compare these methods. The probability of detection did not differ between one night of spotlighting (0.23 ± 0.04, mean ± s.e.), or one night of trapping (0.22 ± 0.03). Trapping continued for three nights, which led to the probability of detection rising to 0.41 ± 0.04. Spotlighting was only conducted once per session. These methods would require equivalent effort when conducted over three nights. Further investigation is required to compare this and other methods such as camera trapping and spotlighting with thermal cameras.
Nuclear reaction network unveils novel reaction patterns based on stellar energies
Authors: Jiang Chunheng , Szymanski Boleslaw K , Lian Jie , Havlin Shlomo , Gao Jianxi
Published: August 2021

Despite the advances in discovering new nuclei, modeling microscopic nuclear structure, nuclear reactors, and stellar nucleosynthesis, we still lack a systemic tool, such as a network approach, to understand the structure and dynamics of over 70 thousands reactions compiled in JINA REACLIB. To this end, we develop an analysis framework, under which it is simple to know which reactions generally are possible and which are not, by counting neutrons and protons incoming to and outgoing from any target nucleus. Specifically, we assemble here a nuclear reaction network in which a node represents a nuclide, and a link represents a direct reaction between nuclides. Interestingly, the degree distribution of nuclear network exhibits a bimodal distribution that significantly deviates from the common power-law distribution of scale-free networks and Poisson distribution of random networks. Based on the dynamics from the cross section parameterizations in REACLIB, we surprisingly find that the distribution is universal for reactions with a rate below the threshold,

λ
<

e

−

T

γ

, where T is the temperature and γ ≈ 1.05. Moreover, we discover three rules that govern the structure pattern of nuclear reaction network: (i) reaction-type is determined by linking choices, (ii) network distances between the reacting nuclides on 2D grid of Z vs N of nuclides are short, and (iii) each node in- and out-degrees are close to each other. By incorporating these three rules, our model universally unveils the underlying nuclear reaction patterns hidden in a large and dense nuclear reaction network regardless of nuclide chart expansions. It enables us to predict missing links that represent possible new nuclear reactions not yet discovered.
An Ultra-short-term Wind Power Forecasting Method with Special Error Distribution
Authors: Wei Shuheng , Ke Deping , Yang Jian , Jiang Shangguang , Liu Yu , Wu Yanqing
Published: August 2021

The randomness and uncontrollability of wind energy have brought many difficulties to the development of wind power generation. How to obtain accurate forecasting results of wind power has become an increasingly important topic these years. This paper proposes an ultra-short-term wind power forecasting method using Elman neural network with an enhanced gradient descent training algorithm, which is able to compute the probabilistic distribution function (PDF) of the forecasting error by utilizing two kinds of series expansion for the purpose of regarding it as the loss function of the forecasting model. To validate the accuracy and efficiency of the purposed method, the conventional least mean square error (LMSE) based model is served as a benchmark in the comparison of simulation results. At last, historical wind power statistics of one month collected from a wind farm in the northern Hebei Province of China are used to perform single-point and probabilistic predictions in order to verify the effectiveness of the purposed method.
Simulation of semiconductor detectors in 3D with SolidStateDetectors.jl
Authors: Abt I. , Fischer F. , Hagemann F. , Hauertmann L. , Schulz O. , Schuster M. , Zsigmond A.J.
Published: August 2021

The open-source software package
SolidStateDetectors.jl to calculate the fields and simulate
the drifts of charge carriers in solid state detectors, especially
in large volume high-purity germanium detectors, together with the
corresponding pulses, is introduced. The package can perform all
calculations in full 3D while it can also make use of detector
symmetries. The effect of the surroundings of a detector can also be
studied. The package is programmed in the user friendly and
performance oriented language julia, such that 3D field
calculations and drift simulations can be executed efficiently and
in parallel. The package was developed for high-purity germanium
detectors, but it can be adjusted by the user to other types of
semiconductors. The verification of the package is shown for an
n-type segmented point-contact germanium detector. Additional
features of SolidStateDetectors.jl, which are under
development are listed.
Fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride-based nanocomposites photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants: A Review
Authors: Sharma Deepti , Sinha A.K. , Dhayal Veena
Published: August 2021

Semiconductor-based photocatalyst has been used for the degradation of the organic pollutant from wastewater. Metal oxides (ZnO, TiO2) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been widely used as a catalyst among various semiconductors. However, pure g-C3N4 suffers from significant disadvantages, including poor disparity, low surface area, and high electron-hole pairs recombination, and metal oxides (ZnO and TiO2) are only UV light-responsive, which reduces photocatalytic activity. We have explained various methods for fabrication of ZnO-g-C3N4 and TiO2-g-C3N4 nanocomposite to develop visible light responsive photocatalyst with high surface area, low bandgap, reduce electron-hole pairs recombination, and porous structure. The photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon-based (ZnO-g-C3N4 and TiO2-g-C3N4) nanocomposites towards organic pollutants are systematically mentioned in this review. The synergetic effect of g-C3N4 and metal oxide in nanocomposite also mention by the photocatalytic mechanism.
Bioremediation of Industrial Wastewater: A Review
Authors: Ojha Nishita , Karn Rama , Abbas Sadiqa , Bhugra Sonal
Published: August 2021

Water pollution is on the rise because of increased human population and activities, unsustainable agricultural practices, and rapid industrialization, and it is a major global concern. Therefore, there is a scarcity of clean water, which has been related to diseases like typhoid, diarrhea, cholera, jaundice, and others. Major contaminants include heavy metals, organic, and inorganic pollutants. The use of naturally occurring microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, or plants i.e., Bioremediation to treat polluted wastewater has proven to be effective and efficient. This article briefly discusses the impact of water pollution on the environment, as well as various strategies for removing it.
Assessment of Pavement Surface Quality using TOPSIS Method
Authors: Saluja Sonal , Gaur Arun , Abbas Sadiqa
Published: August 2021

The pavement surface quality (PSQ) is the most significant element of highways. To assure PSQ, it is necessary to check its performance periodically. The data from field test carried on Link road, near Samrala Chowk, Ludhiana by using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) was collected for analysis. It is a non-destructive testing device that is used for the determination of the deflection value of damaged surfaces that may be in the form of potholes, isolated cracked areas, ruts, raveling, etc. This system only provides the deflection values. Therefore, it is necessary to use a decision-making technique to assess the quality of pavement surfaces at a particular location. In this paper, an alternative method based on the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is considered for ranking of PSQ. The results presented that chainage 500 m has good PSQ as it has been ranked one. Similarly, the chainage 5000 m ranked two because the PSQ of this chainage was less good as compared to the chainage 500 m and followed by chainage 4000 m, 1500 m, 0 m, 6000 m, 2000 m, and 1000 m respectively. The study also helps to decide maintenance requirements according to the surface condition of the pavement.
A study of thermal distribution and fluid flow by natural convection inside a building enclosure with a centrally placed hot channel section using CFD
Authors: Jeseema Nisrin J , Velkennedy R , Kalidasan K
Published: August 2021

The thermal distribution and fluid flow by natural convection inside a closed cool enclosure is studied. A channel section is placed at the center of the compartment and its temperature is hot. Buoyancy flow is induced inside the enclosure due to the thermal variation. Air is considered as the fluid inside the enclosure and its Prandtl number is 0.71. The fluid is expected to obey Boussinesq approximation. To evaluate the flow, the streamline, isotherms, horizontal and vertical centerline velocity and Nusselt numbers were calculated. The flow is modified by changing the Rayleigh number from 103 to 106. The results show the influence of Rayleigh number on the flow pattern, velocity of fluid flow, and heat transfer rate. Computational fluid dynamics is used as the tool for this study.
Experimental Investigation on Bagasse ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Subjected to Elevated Tempreture
Authors: Srinivas Dilip , Suresh N , Lakshmi N H
Published: August 2021

Geopolymer in recent years is being deemed as a promising alternative to cement concrete, which has remained as backbone of the construction industry. Despite GPC having potential capability of reducing carbon footprint, still many of its characteristics and mechanism to be investigated. The present study represents the utilization of bagasse ash in the production of geopolymer concrete. In order to reduce the ecological imbalance by the emission of CO2 from cement production an attempt has been made to investigate the feasibility of utilizing sugar cane ash as one of the candidate in polymer concrete by maintaining different molar concentration of sodium based alkali activated solutions. Geopolymer concrete has been casted and assessed for the fresh and harden properties. In the present work sugar cane bagasse ash replacement was done partially from 10% to 100% to determine workability and strength parameters. The objective of the work is to find the maximum extent of bagasse ash by reducing GGBS & also to check the suitable silica content. GGBS has been used as a binder materials & to reduce the limitations of GPC with respect to workability, Aura mix super plasticizer has been used. While comparing the results with regular concrete after 28days sun curing shows the positive effect with maximum 30% bagasse ash further increment results in decrease in harden properties such as ultimate compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength. specimens were subjected to the elevated temperature to study the properties of geopolymer concrete such as residual strength, mass loss.
Urban Quality of Life: Domains, Dimensions and Indicators for Indian Cities
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Gupta Niruti
Published: August 2021

The word “quality of life” has been used vigorously from everyday language to research studies. Often, it becomes challenging to differentiate between notions related to QoL, well-being, satisfaction, and happiness. UQoL is a notion that has been conversed in recent studies as a response to various urban issues and challenges. The paper aims to define the concept of QoL in urban context through a descriptive analytical approach and reviews various QoL models and approaches of QoL-studies and compares the number of indices measuring QoL at the national and city level to identify various dimensions and indicators. Finally, a conceptual model concluding the UQoL indicators have been deduced in the form of a matrix. These dimensions represent a guide for policymakers, Planners, Architects, and Designers.
Water Demand Analysis for Selected Rural Regions in Visakhapatnam District
Authors: Rangaiah J. , Mallikarjuna V. , Udaya Bhaskar P.
Published: August 2021

To analyse the water demand for rural regions is very important to distribute the public water demand and agricultural water demand. In this contest, rural areas under three reservoir command areas namely Konam, Raiwada and Thandava Reservoir command areas located in Visakhapatnam district are selected. Different methods are used for population forecasting and the results are compared with the available actual population in 2011. Decreasing rate method gives satisfactory results and this method is used to determine the present population in the selected rural regions. Total demand for all three regions is obtained and agricultural demand is about 94 to 96%, domestic water demand is about 2.5 to 3.5 %, water losses is about 1 to 1.5 %, fire and public use demand is around 0.5 %, and industrial and commercial demand is less than 0.5% of the total water demand. Per capita total water demand various from 1415 to 1817 cubic meters for selected regions.
A review on the effective use of Artificial Intelligence for the analysis of cyclic loading on pile foundation
Authors: Rathore Hemant Singh , Mathur Aayush , Das Sourav Kumar
Published: August 2021

A competent alternative approach to the conventional modelling techniques is artificial intelligence (AI). AI is about the computer science division that creates human intelligence machines and applications. AI-based solutions are great substitute where research is not feasible to evaluate engineering design parameters and therefore contribute to substantial human-time and effort savings in experiments. AI can also speed up the decision-making process, minimize errors and improve performance. AI can also make the decision-making process faster, reduce error rates and improve computing efficiency. Reinforced pile embankment is a useful technique used in soft soil construction, because of its advantages in reducing settlement, building time, and economic efficiency. The response of deep bottoms subjected to a uniform static surcharge was considered in most of the existing research. Very few researchers have studied the cyclical load effect or the effect of variation in depth. An experimental analysis was carried out on the impact of cyclical loading at a specific area of unreinforced and reinforced embankment of differing heights. During the initial stages of cyclical loading, soil arching, regardless of the height of the embankment, was adversely affected. However, the arching of the soil started to improve somewhat by increasing the number of cycles. The magnitude of the loads transferred to piles was increased by the reinforcement layers. But for a thinner embankment, the improvement was more obvious. The main purpose of this report is to identify the AI techniques that can be used to analyze the behaviors of pile foundation undergoing cyclic loading by making models which will help in testing different kinds of failure patterns and the solutions with which these problems can be mitigated.
Effect of self curing agent on mechanical properties of concrete with GGBS replacement
Authors: Rachana L. , Venkateswararao A , chowdary Ch. Mallika
Published: August 2021

Concrete is the most preferable and widely used construction material in the infrastructure development. For concreting and curing huge amount of potable water is required and it is difficult to get this at all places and all times. One of the best alternative solution for this problem is using the self curing concrete. In this experimental study the mechanical properties of hardened concrete by partial replacement of cement by 0, 40 an 60% of GGBS for M20 and M35 grades of concrete using 0.5 and 1 percent of Poly ethylene glycol as self curing agent. Cubes and cylinders are cast and tested at age of 7 and 28 days, for compressive strength and split tensile strength. The results of conventional concrete are compared with the results of concrete with GGBS and Polyethylene glycol 400 for both grades of concrete. The test results have revealed that addition of 0.5% of self curing agent show higher strengths for 60% replacement of cement with GGBS while 1.0% of self curing agent showed good results for 40% replacement for M20 grade of concrete.
A comparative study of GFRG Construction and a Conventional RCC Construction for the Economically Weaker Section
Authors: Sharad Koyande Animesh , Kumar Deepam , Mahawar Yatin , Hussain Shaik
Published: August 2021

In India, Economically Weaker section group of people miss out on the benefits of owning a home like status, security and Governmental schemes. In this fast-changing world where land prices are reaching sky-high and the current mode of construction adopted i.e. RCC construction, which is time consuming, costly and not environmentally friendly calls for the use of smart construction materials. One such material is GFRG Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panels. This material is manufactured in a closed environment and perform better when compared to a RCC in many factors. To tell which method is more suitable for today’s changing world especially from Economically Weaker Sections point of view, a comparative study had been made. The study consisted of comparisons drawn between the conventional RCC construction and GFRG construction in terms of their performance during exposure to Seismic loads, Cost of construction and timeline analysis.
Research on the Overseas Investment Innovation Model of Chinese Enterprises in the Power Industry
Authors: Wenjing Ruan , Xiaobin Lin , Xuyang
Published: August 2021

The power industry is the key direction of international capacity cooperation, and it is also a key area of overseas investment by state-owned enterprises in the power industry. At present, central electric power enterprises are facing different situations and problems in investing in developed countries and countries along the “Belt and Road”. This article proposes investment model innovation measures and policy recommendations to provide reference for relevant government departments and enterprises.
Current Status and Challenges of the Ecological Environment of Wuliangsuhai Basin in China
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Mei Bujun
Published: August 2021

Lake ecological security refers to maintaining the integrity and ecological health of the lake ecosystem under the influence of human activities, providing humans with stable ecological service functions, and preventing ecological catastrophes. In the lake ecosystem, lakes are the main body, and their water ecological health is the basis of system security. Therefore, the ecological safety and health of lakes are investigated, and the multi-faceted evaluation system of lake ecological safety is established, which can provide decision-making basis for lake management and pollution control. It is of great significance for the sustainable management of lake ecosystem and the rational utilization of resources to coordinate the environmental, social and economic benefits of relevant departments. Wuliangsuhai Lake is the largest natural wetland in the same latitude area in the world, and the eighth largest freshwater lake in China. It is the most typical shallow-water grass-algae lake in the arid area of Inner Mongolia. It is an important water conservation, storage, and water transfer site in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. It is also a large grass-algae lake with biological diversity and ecological function, which is extremely rare in desert and semi-desert areas in the world. This article briefly introduces the main ecological and environmental problems and their causes in the Wuliangsuhai Basin.
Transformation of Water and Soil Loss Characteristic under Different Slope Water discharges
Authors: Binbin Li , Deqiang Han , Hong Zhang , Wei Gu , Xuechun Cao , Yideng Chang , Li Cao , Zhenzhou Shen
Published: August 2021

The transformation of stream power was analyzed under different water discharge amount on loess slope in Hydraulic Research Base of Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research. The observation data shows that: the stream powers were increasing gradually with time at the initial stage, and then they got the waved steady state at 10-18min in different water drainage amounts on 20°slope, at this moment, the steady stream power of 10 L/min water drainage amounts was biggest, about 30P, it was 1.8, 1.5, 7, 17 times than the steady stream power of 7.5, 5, 4, 3L/min water drainage amounts; the stream powers got the waved steady state about at 16min in 5L/min water drainage amounts on different grades slope, at this moment, the steady stream power of 20°slope was biggest, about 20P, it was about 1.3 times than the steady stream power of 10°and 30°slope. They had a good relationship of power exponent between stream power and denudation rate, the related coefficient was 0.81, so we can indicate the denudation rate by the stream power.
An experimental study on the performance of Trombe wall system in summer climate conditions in Hot Summer and Cold Winter zone of China
Authors: Li Chao , Yang Xun , Peng Kewen
Published: August 2021

Trombe wall system is a typical passive building technology that can use stack effect to induce indoor ventilation, adjust indoor thermal environment and reduce building energy consumption. Present researches mainly aimed at its application in winter heating, and seldom involve summer ventilation and cooling. In this research, two comparative test rooms were established, one with the Trombe wall system installed in the south facade, and the other used as a contrast. By comparing the response characteristics of the two rooms to the outdoor climate, the performance of the Trombe wall system was studied in summer climate conditions in hot summer and warm winter zone of China. During the experiment, the indoor and outdoor environmental parameters and the performance parameters of the Trombe wall system were tested. The result illustrated that the Trombe wall system can make full use of the absorbed solar radiation heat to induce indoor ventilation, with a maximum circulating air flow rate of 140m3 / h (32.7h−1). And it can effectively reduce the indoor temperature by up to 4.1 °C during the daytime by compared with the reference room. The heat entering the room through the Trombe wall system was more than that of that through the south façade of the reference room. However, the excess heat can be ventilated to the outdoor through the air vents of the Trombe wall system by the effect of high indoor ventilation times. This prevents the air temperature in the room from rising.
The stability of pH value in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Yang Danfeng , Li Haixia , Lin Dong , Wang Qi
Published: August 2021

According to the survey materials in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay in May and October 1979, this article presents the pH value and horizontal distribution in the surface waters Jiaozhou Bay. The results indicate that the pH value in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay ranged within 7.55-8.79 in May and October. The pH value in the seawater was all greater than 7.50 in May and October. In addition, the interval length of the changes of pH value in the seawater was 1.24, which indicated that the overall pH value of the water body was within the normal range of variation in May and October. In May, the pH value ranged within 7.55-8.07. In Jiaozhou Bay, the pH value of seawater was relatively low. In the northeastern coastal waters, the pH value ranged within 8.02-8.07, which presented that the content of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion in the surface seawater of this area was decreasing, causing the pH value of northeastern coastal waters to reach the highest value. In the waters inside of the bay, in the mouth of the bay, and outside of the bay, the variation range of pH value was 7.55-7.89, with the interval length of 0.05. It presented that the pH value in this area had reached the low value and was very stable. In October, the pH value ranged within 8.28-8.79. In Jiaozhou Bay, the pH value of seawater was relatively high, which presented that the content of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion in the entire surface seawater of Jiaozhou Bay was very low, causing the pH value of entire waters to reach the highest value. Moreover, in the waters inside of the bay, in the mouth of the bay, and outside of the bay, the interval length of the variation of pH value was 0.05. It presented that the variation of pH value in this area was very small and stable.
Simulation of centrally loaded GrFRP and analysis of fixed (both ends) supported stress concentrated JFRP beam
Authors: Maheshwari Peeyush , Misra A , Samant T S , Vishnoi P K , Gautam P S
Published: August 2021

Natural fiber polymer composites are generally used in the furniture, home appliances, construction works. Present work is based on the simulation of the Graphite Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GrFRP) composite laminates through numerical model. In simulation we get maximum 7% error with the available experimental results. Analyzed a beam which is made from natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. It consists of eight stacks of natural fiber lamina, a central hole, both the ends supported as fixed and loaded by a uniformly distributed load (UDL). A numerical tool have been developed to analyze the Jute Fiber Reinforced Polymer (JFRP) composites. In this analysis, four different sequencing pattern of lamina has been used. The numerical failure index and failure strength for the different tacking sequences of lamina is determined. The maximum failure strength for the (60 °/-60 °/60 °/-60 °)s laminate is 22.51MPa. We found that in the simulation the results of the model are very close to experimental results. Its method of analysis is more convenient and economical over the experimental work. Therefore, the method was found very suitable for modelling and analysis in future.
Heat Transfer Analysis And Optimisation Of 2-Wheeler Engine Cyclinder Head Fins Using FEA
Authors: Tiwari Anubhav , Kumar Ankit , Kumar Himanshu , Dhananjay  , patel Harendra , Sharma Manoj , Raja Avinash Ravi
Published: August 2021

This research describes about the thermal analysis of fins by FEA method. Fins are extended surfaces which help to increase the heat transfer rate[1]. In this research we observe that when heat is produced in IC engine when fuel is burned, will have to be at higher level so that thermal efficiency increases, but to fend off from damages like thermal damage, useless or excess heat have to be removed from the engine. In air cooled engine, fins are placed at upper layer or on boundary of engine cylinder to increase heat transfer rate, because of this analysis of fins is very important and help to enhance the performance of engine and also increase the life span of the engine parts. The main aim of this research is to analyse the thermal properties of fins by varying certain conditions i.e. doing some modifications in conventional model, in our research work we have done two modifications in the fins geometry. In modified model-1 we have increased the number of fins, to achieve this we decreased the gap between the fins of conventional model. And in modified model-2 we have done circular perforation of 4mm diameter on the faces of all the fins of the conventional model. The cylinder head with fins are modelled on Soildworks software 2019 version and all model’s analysis is performed on Ansys software. We have used Steady State Thermal of Ansys mechanical to perform our analysis. And as per the analysis the results showed that modified model-1 has the maximum heat transfer rate as compared to other models.
Most commonly used metallic biomaterials for plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings
Authors: Solanke Sachin , Gaval Vivek
Published: August 2021

In load bearing implants metallic biomaterials have the first preference in orthopedic surgery because of their good mechanical properties which satisfied the prerequisite of human cortical bone. However metallic implants have limitations of poor wear resistance and release of metal ions resulting in to implant failure. To overcome these limitations hydroxyapatite based coatings on metal substrate can be used. The application of hydroxyapatite coating with the second reinforcement improve the fatigue strength of composite coatings. In this paper, commonly used metallic biomaterials for application of hydroxyapatite based composite coatings are discussed. Plasma spray coating technique with variable process parameters has been considered for this review. Presently plasma spray technique is commonly used for application of HA coatings in medical industry.
Geometrical improvement in machined micro-hole using adaptive tool feed system in electrochemical based discharge machining
Authors: Rajput Viveksheel , Mudimallana Goud , Suri Narendra Mohan
Published: August 2021

Electrochemical based discharge machining (ECDM) removes the material by utilizing the thermal heating of the sparks followed by the chemical action. The tool feed method in ECDM controls the geometrical accuracies since gravity assisted and constant tool feed results in tool contacts that further deteriorates the micro-hole geometry. Moreover, high number of thermal cracks are produced with these tool feed methods.

The present study investigates the adaptive tool feed system that withdraws the tool in upward direction when its contact with the work material is observed. Adaptive tool feed results in minimum tool contact and enhances the geometrical accuracies of the micro-holes. Hole circularity error (HCE) is taken as the response parameters for investigating the geometrical accuracies. The microscopy images reported a significant improvement in the geometry of the micro-holes machined with adaptive tool feed when compared to other tool feed methods. An improvement of 43.7% in HCE is acquired with the application of adaptive tool feed at 40 V. Moreover, the effect of input parameters on geometrical characteristics in terms of HCE is also discussed. The present study successfully reports the geometrical improvement of micro-holes in ECDM.
Effect of swirl flow on characteristics of the annular diffuser
Authors: Singh Hardial , Arora B.B.
Published: August 2021

The current work deals with the axial flow annular diffuser’s performance characteristics with divergent casing angle 9° with an area ratio of 3. We performed the numerical simulation to examine the inlet swirl’s effect on the annular diffusers. The velocity profiles were measured along the span of diffusers at a number of locations. Analysis of the results shows that the inlet swirl improves the stability at outlet flow, gains the recovery of pressure, and delays the flow separation on the casing. It is found that static pressure recovery increases by 5% with swirl flow. The results prove that the best performance is observed in the unequal hub and diverging casing diffuser with an equivalent cone angle of 15° and the inlet swirl angle of 12°.
High-efficiency thermodynamic cycles for Kalina power generation systems: A comprehensive review
Authors: Dubey Alok Manas , Sharma Manoj
Published: August 2021

In this paper, different Kalina power cycles have been identified and presented. The main endeavor of this review paper is to propel a complete understanding of simple and complex Kalina power generation systems. Additionally present status emphasizing some enhanced performance in Kalina power systems has been detailed. A hypothetical study of diverse Kalina power systems, incorporating an ejector, distillation column, sliding condensation, split cycle, double pressure and variable composition has been made. These modifications to the fundamental cycle decrease expansion losses using diverse principles and they require dissimilar mechanical hardware of special intricacies and expenditures. Kalina cycle with an ejector has maximum potential for efficiency improvement followed by the sliding condensation pressure method. Generally, the alternative options present several benefits to Kalina power systems such as decreased losses, improved performance and reduced energy expenditure.
Clinical Validation of the Onclarity Assay After Assay Migration to the High-Throughput COR Instrument Using SurePath Screening Samples From the Danish Cervical Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Ejegod Ditte Møller , Pedersen Helle , Pedersen Birgitte Tønnes , Jonassen Christine Monceyron , Lie Agnes Kathrine , Hulleberg Laila Solhaug , Arbyn Marc , Bonde Jesper
Published: August 2021

Objectives

This study presents the clinical assessment of the Onclarity HPV Assay (Becton Dickinson) on the novel COR high-throughput instrument (Becton Dickinson) using the international guidelines in a routine setting.

Methods

Screening samples collected in BD SurePath from women aged 30 years and older were used in this validation. Noninferiority of the Onclarity HPV Assay on the COR instrument (Onclarity-COR) was assessed with the comparator assay glycoprotein 5–positive (GP5+)/6+ enzyme immunoassay (GP-EIA) for clinical sensitivity on 122 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and greater samples. Specificity was assessed using 887 samples with twice-normal cytology. Inter- and intralaboratory reproducibility analysis was assessed using 525 samples. Finally, a time-and-motion study was performed to evaluate COR instrument performance characteristics.

Results

The Onclarity-COR was noninferior to the GP-EIA for both sensitivity (P = .0016) and specificity (P < .0001). The intralaboratory reproducibility was 98.3% (κ = 0.96), and interlaboratory agreement was 98.5 % (κ = 0.96). The daily hands-on time for the COR instrument was 58 minutes, and walk-away time was 7 hours, 2 minutes per 8-hour day shift.

Conclusions

The Onclarity-COR instrument fulfills international validation criteria on sensitivity, specificity, and laboratory reproducibility. The Onclarity assay’s extended genotyping capability, together with its high-throughput characteristics, makes the COR instrument an excellent candidate for use in human papillomavirus primary cervical cancer screening.
Graph representation learning in bioinformatics: trends, methods and applications
Authors: Yi Hai-Cheng , You Zhu-Hong , Huang De-Shuang , Kwoh Chee Keong
Published: August 2021

Graph is a natural data structure for describing complex systems, which contains a set of objects and relationships. Ubiquitous real-life biomedical problems can be modeled as graph analytics tasks. Machine learning, especially deep learning, succeeds in vast bioinformatics scenarios with data represented in Euclidean domain. However, rich relational information between biological elements is retained in the non-Euclidean biomedical graphs, which is not learning friendly to classic machine learning methods. Graph representation learning aims to embed graph into a low-dimensional space while preserving graph topology and node properties. It bridges biomedical graphs and modern machine learning methods and has recently raised widespread interest in both machine learning and bioinformatics communities. In this work, we summarize the advances of graph representation learning and its representative applications in bioinformatics. To provide a comprehensive and structured analysis and perspective, we first categorize and analyze both graph embedding methods (homogeneous graph embedding, heterogeneous graph embedding, attribute graph embedding) and graph neural networks. Furthermore, we summarize their representative applications from molecular level to genomics, pharmaceutical and healthcare systems level. Moreover, we provide open resource platforms and libraries for implementing these graph representation learning methods and discuss the challenges and opportunities of graph representation learning in bioinformatics. This work provides a comprehensive survey of emerging graph representation learning algorithms and their applications in bioinformatics. It is anticipated that it could bring valuable insights for researchers to contribute their knowledge to graph representation learning and future-oriented bioinformatics studies.
Advancing Diagnostic Stewardship for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antibiotic Resistance, and Sepsis
Authors: Curren Emily J , Lutgring Joseph D , Kabbani Sarah , Diekema Daniel J , Gitterman Steven , Lautenbach Ebbing , Morgan Daniel J , Rock Clare , Salerno Reynolds M , McDonald L Clifford
Published: August 2021

Diagnostic stewardship means ordering the right tests for the right patient at the right time to inform optimal clinical care. Diagnostic stewardship is an integral part of antibiotic stewardship efforts to optimize antibiotic use and improve patient outcomes, including reductions in antibiotic resistance and treatment of sepsis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion hosted a meeting on improving patient safety through diagnostic stewardship with a focus on use of the laboratory. At the meeting, emerging issues in the field of diagnostic stewardship were identified, awareness of these issues among stakeholders was raised, and strategies and interventions to address the issues were discussed—all with an emphasis on improved outcomes and patient safety. Here, we summarize the key takeaways of the meeting including needs for diagnostic stewardship implementation, promising future avenues for diagnostic stewardship implementation, and areas of needed research.
Person-centred care-based crisis management: facing COVID-19 in an oil industry
Authors: Rodrigues Mariana Costa , de Assis Martins da Silva Vanessa Uchoa , Albuquerque Rafael Amaral , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta , Viterbo Lilian Monteiro Ferrari
Published: August 2021

Background

The study aims to present the strategies used in person-centred care, through measures to promote and prevent COVID-19 pandemic in an oil industry in Brazil. The corporate focus is on managing the crisis, converging economic interests, operational security, health and protection of individuals.

Methods

In March 2020, a ‘Crisis Room’ was structured, based on the Incident Command System (ICS) methodology for managing interventions in the company, covering about 160 000 workers and 1000 health professionals, including physicians, nurses, psychologists, social workers and nutritionists. The main strategies were: production of technical notes on COVID 19, development of software for monitoring cases, call-centre through a specialized centre with medical and psychological support, test implementation, implementation of sanitary barriers with temperature verification and filling of forms, as well as systematic technical forums.

Results

In the period of 1 year, 46 technical notes were produced, 61 388 cases were recorded and monitored, 30 373 gold standard tests (RT PCR), 484 686 rapid tests, 25 217 workers approached at health barriers and an average of 350 systematic technical forums, were carried out.

Conclusions

Attention to the presented scenario and the mapping of the particularities in the emergency response are fundamental for decision-making, which can be impacted by the absence of strategies still in the reactive phase of the emergency. Despite the adoption of the ICS methodology in the management of the COVID-19 crisis, the incorporation of instruments aimed at individual-centred care were key strategies and foundations that have guaranteed work safety and the maintenance of productivity in this oil company within pandemic context.