bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical Study of the Accessory Genital Glands in Males Sheep (Ovis aris) and Goats (Caprus hircus)
Authors: Khalaf Azhar S.
Published: May 2021

The study revealed that the ampullae of ductus deferens(vas deferens), seminal vesicle and bulbourethral glands are paired in number and well developed in ram and buck except the prostate gland have only disseminated part surrounding the pelvic urethra (embedded in pelvic urethral wall) without body of gland. The anatomical parameters of the ampullae in ram are generally with mean length 4.98± 0.28cm,mean width 0.63 ± 0.04cm ,mean weight 2.24 ± 0.007gms and mean volume 1.4±0.03cm3.The seminal vesicle have mean length 3.68± 0.05cm, mean width 2.50±0.06cm ,mean weight 4.42± 0.15gms , mean volume 3.35±0.05cm3 .The bulbourethral gland have mean length 1.59± 0.36cm ,mean width 1.493±0.02cm ,mean weight 3.46±0.01gms ,mean volume 2.35±0.04cm3. The anatomical parameters of the ampullae in buck have mean length 4.87±0.29cm ,mean width 0.62±0.007cm, mean weight 2.18±0.007gms , mean volume 1.15±0.02cm3. the seminal vesicle gland parameters have mean length 3.61±0.01cm ,mean width 2.44±0.01cm, mean weight 4.18±0.15gms mean volume 3.05±0.04cm3.The bulbourethral gland parameters have mean length 1.58±0.005cm, mean width 1.46±0.006cm , mean weight 3.23±0.11gms and mean volume 2.05±0.03cm3.Generally the study did not observe any anatomical differences between the male accessory genital glands of ram and buck.
Anemia and Low Testosterone Associated with Male Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: AL-Jaff Samal Hakeem Kareem
Published: May 2021

Diabetes Type 2 is associated with low testosterone levels in men, The mechanism of which is unclear .Thus the aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of low testosterone in T2D patients men ⁄ and with aging ,and the possibility of anemia in these patients and the anemia accompanied the T2D cases is due to T2D itself or by the effect of low testosterone. Present work was studied two male groups with different age first, group A age (31-40) years , 60 person {30control & 30 T2D patients} (3 persons for each age),second, group B age (41-50) years ,60 person ,{30 control & 30 patients} (3 persons for each age). Blood was taken from these groups and sugar, PCV, Hb and Testosterone levels were measured comparing with control of each and between two groups and in each data, the mean data of the same age has been taken. Present results showes that male T2D patients have significantly low T. levels P≤0.05 and significantly P≤0.05 low Hb and PCV comparing with sugar level which was significantly high P≤0.05 ,and group B (41-50) age have the lowest T. level ,PCV and Hb with higher sugar levels. We concluded that anemia and low T. level associated with T2D , and the effect of low testosterone on anemia is little .Our data shows that low T. level and anemia increased with age T2D groups in both group A&B , and in control groups in both A&B bout it is more sever and alarming in T2D cases.
Effect of the median lethal dose of the ethanolic extract of (Nerium Oleander) leaves on the histopathology features of the vital organs in mice
Authors: Saliem Ali Hussien
Published: May 2021

Nerium oleander leaves ethanolic extract at median lethal dose of 520 mg/kg body weight were administered orally to six male mice .Clinical signs of toxicosis in mice began to appear about 1 hr after receiving the oleander extract which included abdominal pain, frequent urination, diarrhea, depression, weakness and convulsive movement and death at the end stage.Four mice died within 4 to 24 hrs and two survived. Haemorrhage spots of varying degrees were observed in internal organs at necropsy.Histopathology revealed extensive tubular necrosis in kidneys with haemosiderin pigment in the cytoplasm of convoluted tubular cells, different degrees of coagulative necrosis in cardiac muscle cells associated with haemorrhage and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells. Scattered necrosis of hepatocytes,congestion and oedema in lungs with severe congestion in the brain also observed histologically.
Ameliorative effect of black seed ( Nigella sativa L ) on the toxicity of aluminum in rabbits
Authors: Mohammed Amira Kamil
Published: May 2021

In the present study the biological activities of Nigella sativa on limitation and ameliorative detoxification of aluminum were investigated through evaluation of some hematological, biochemical parameters and histopathology. Eighteen mature rabbits were divided equally into three groups. Group 1 was served as a control group; group 2 was administrated orally with distill water both of AlCl3 ( sub lethal dose 200 mg / kg body weight ) and NS in dose of 10 g / liter; group 3 administrated NS only in same dose. The results are revealed significant elevation ( P<0.05 ) in RBCs count, Hb and PCV values in group 3 in comparison with groups 1 & 2; while the WBCs count decreased significantly in group 2 and increased significantly in group 3. serum ALT, AST, AP, creatinine, urea and uric acid concentration were increased significantly in group 2, while; the albumin concentration was decreased significantly in group 2, as well as histological changes in liver and kidney in group 2. These results indicate the protective effect of black seed against AlCl3 induced toxicity in rabbits.
Seroprevalence of cattle brucellosis by rosebengal and ELISA tests in different villages of Duhok province
Authors: Omar Lokman T.
Published: May 2021

The current study conducted in the Duhok province villages, Kurdistan region of Iraq during the period between September-December 2008, fulfilled by using Rosebengal and ELISA tests cattle of different sex and age were used comparing between these two tests and to determine the prevalence rate by both tests. A total number of 360 serum samples were collected (294 females, 66 males). The infected rate by RBT was 6.38% and by ELISA were 0.83%. According to the different animal ages and sex group showed that the infection rates were 5.4% and 12.1% in females and males, respectively. Cattle in age group 1-3 years and more than 4 years were showed that an infection rates were 3.8% and 11.8% respectively.
Impairment of liver antioxidant defense activity of broiler chickens exposed to benzo[α]pyrene
Authors: Latif I. K.
Published: May 2021

gainst damage initiated by a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of Benzo[α]Pyrene (BαP) administration on the liver antioxidant defense system. Chicks were assigned into five equal groups, as control, tricaprylin group and three groups treated with BαP (1.5 μg, 150 μg or 15 mg/kg BW). Five birds were sacrificed at days 7, 14, 21 and 35 from each group. To assess the liver antioxidant defense system, glutathione (GSH) concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were employed. It was found that 15 mg of BαP level create significant increase (P<0.05) in the GSH level, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activities (18.483, 9.88, 69.44 and 89.88 respectively) of broilers at day 7 post-instillation (p.i.) in compared with control (12.392, 6.51, 41.08 and 50.83). Nevertheless, significant decrease (P<0.05) in the GSH level, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activities at 21 and 35 days. A key finding from this study is that exposure to BαP may induces oxidative stress on the liver and impair the antioxidant defense system in broilers.
Miicrobiiollogiicall Impactt off Diippiing Miinced Meatt usiing diifffferentt sodiium hypochlloriitte concenttrattiion and conttactt ttiimes
Authors: Mohammad Zuhaiir A.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using sodiumHypochloride by the Iraqies housewives at different concentrations (2%, 3%)and different dipping times (30, 60 and 90 minutes ) in order to reduce theinitial microbial counts , without any adverse effect on the organolepticcharacteristics of the treated minced meat. Bacterial counts in all samples ofmeat were enumerated by standard method of miles and mirza technique beforeand after treatment .The result showed that the treatment of meat with chlorine at concentration 2% for 30 and 60 minute reduce the bacterial content on bacterial load ( colonyforming unit – cfu / ml) to a level which was significant from the Public healthpoint of view ( hygienically ) although , this reduction was not staticallysignificant, using 2 % for 90 minutes , however , reduced the ( colony formingunit cfu/ ml) about 2 Log , which was highly significant ( P<0.01) statically andhygienically Sodium Hypochlorite at 3 % for 30, 60 , 90 minutes reduced the( Colony forming unit – cfu / ml ) significantly about 2 log (P<0.01, P<0.05,P<0.05 respectively).Results of the effects of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorute atdifferent dipping times (30,60 and 90 minutes ) on the organoleptic charactersof the minced meat showed that , sodium hypochlorite at 2 % for 30 , 60 and 90minutes , and at 3 % minutes reduced the cfu / ml significantly without affectingthe organoleptic charcteristics of treated minced meat , while using 3 % for 60and 90 minutes although reduced the bacterial content on the bacterial loud( colony forming unit-cfu / ml) but adversely affects the organolepticcharacteristics even with different types of spices and herpes using in thetraditional Iraqi cooking .
Study the Effect of Quercus infectoria Galls Extracts on Growth of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata In Vitro Which Isolated from Vaginal Swabs
Authors: Hassan Heba Fadel
Published: May 2021

The results of isolation in this research showed prevalence of Candida albicans at 35.7% which isolated from 70 samples of infected women who suffered from vaginal thrush compared with other infected agent. In vitro antifungal activities of ethanolic and aqueous( hot and cold distilled water) extracts of Quercus infectoria galls were tested against growth of C. albicans and C.glabrata in different concentration , showed that ethanolic extracts of Quercus infectoria was more effective against C. albicans at concentration 700mg/ml while the aqueous( hot and cold distilled water) extracts were more effective against C.glabrata compared with growth of C. albicans at same extracts .
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Hernioplasty of Experimentally Induced Large Ventro-lateral Hernia in Bucks
Authors: AL-Asadi Rahi N.
Published: May 2021

The present study is assigned to evaluate the efficiency of hernioplasty in reconstruction of experimentally induced ventro-lateral hernia in bucks using two types of sutures (silk and polypropylene) and to find which thread is more safe and suitable for closure of the hernia, based on ultrasonographic examination.Sixteen adult local breed bucks were enrolled for this study. All subjected to inducing artificial ventro-lateral hernia (12x10) cm in the right flank under the effect of local anesthesia (2% Lidocaine), then left for one month. After that, animals divided randomly and equally into two groups. In the first group, hernia repaired with silk, while in the second group, hernia closed by polypropylene. Sewing technique is used in both groups. The final appearance was (mesh-like).Ultrasonographic examination in silk group and after 2 months there was slight improvement in echogenecity and collagen fibers. Polypropylene group and at the same period revealed an increased in echogenecity and decreased lesion size earlier in compare with silk group. In 4 months polypropylene group, reflected high echogenecity and complete infilling of the sewing holes with mature collagen fibers.
Isolation and identification of Candida species from urogenital tract infections of women in Baghdad city
Authors: Alwan Mohammed J.
Published: May 2021

In order to determine Candida Species isolates that associated with urogenital infection in women,174 vaginal swabs and 66 urine samples were collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women suffering from urogenital tract infection whom visted teaching Al-way hospital during the peroid from January to October 2011. The results showed that 32 out of 174 vaginal swabs were Candida Spp positive (18.3%), high percentage was reported in June and July (25%) for each one and no fungal isolates were recorded in March .The results also explained that high percentage of fungal isolates was recorded in pregnant women (68.7%) as comparing with non-pregnant women (31.2%) .Thirty –two fungal isolates were recorded which included : C.albicans(43.7%); C.tropicals(21.8%), C.prarapsilosis(12.5%) ;C.glabrata (9.3%);C. guilliermondii(6.2%); C. capitatum and C. krusei (3.1%) for each one . Also the study revealed that 9 out 66,(13.6%) of the urine samples were Candida spp positive which included : C.albicans was form high percentage (7.5%) followed by C.tropicals(4.5%) and C.glabrala (1.5%), these results indicated that albicans and non-albicans Candida may be associated with urogenital infection in women.
Behavioral Problems in Domestic Cats of Tehran
Authors: Tamimi N.
Published: May 2021

Behavioral problems are very important because they are one of the most common reasons for the relinquishment of cats. In this study, the frequency of behavioral problems in 167 cats attending Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, was evaluated with the use of a questionnaire. Interaction with other animals and people, outdoor access, breed, and sex of the cats were evaluated for association with the occurrence of the behavioral problems. Aggression towards people and other cats, Elimination problems, Scratching objects, Fearfulness, Attention seeking, Excessive grooming, Chasing small animals, Hiding, Vocalization in owner's absence, Obsessive behaviors and Eating fiber material were the behavioral problems evaluated in this study. Results showed that 94.6% of the cats were reported to have at least one behavioral problem with the mean number of behavioral problems for one cat being 2.71. Fearfulness, attention seeking, Aggression towards other cats/people, scratching, and Elimination problems were the most prevalent behavioral complaints reported by cats owners respectively whereas; obsessive behaviors were the least common behavioral complaints.Data analysis revealed that inappropriate elimination is significantly more common in cats with outdoor access while interaction with other cats and people showed an association with scratching in cats. Intact female cats tended to seek less attention from their owners than their other counterparts. Breed assessment, on the other hand, showed that Persian cats are reported to have more elimination problems and less aggression problems towards people than DSH cats.
Detection of Brucella antibodies in sera of dogs using Rose Bengal test
Authors: Hasso Saleem Amin
Published: May 2021

Using the rose Bengal test 114 blood samples collected from dogs , and tested for Brucella antibodies , (30.7 % ) were found positive for Brucella antibodies while (64.3 % ) were found negative for Brucella antibodies .Key words : Brucella antibodies , dogs .
The effect of Foot and Mouth disease on reproductive performance of Holstein bulls in Artificial Insemination Center of Iraq
Authors: I. AL-Badry K.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out in Artificial Insemination Center of Iraq to revealed FMD disease effect on some seminal attributer parameters of 14 imported Holstein bulls divided to three groups according to different reproductive efficiency (four High, five medium and five weak). Results showed that FMD disease had significant (P < 0.05) adverse effect on most seminal attributer parameters, mass, individual motility and sperm concentration / ml during post disease in first of two, four, all months of high, medium and weak semen quality bulls respectively .but semen volume didn’t influenced significantly with this disease. So semen collection should be suspended until resume normal fertility of sperm, after two, four month of high and medium bulls respectively, and must be revealed weak bulls when disease happen to avoid the failure of conception from artificial insemination and there is no economic benefit to use or keep weak bulls
Clinical study of experimentally induced vitamin E and selenium deficiency in Awassi ewes and their newborn lambs
Authors: Abood H. K.
Published: May 2021

Experimental induction of vitamin E and selenium deficiency by deficient diet was carried out on Awassi ewes and their newborn lambs. The clinical signs were characterized by sudden death in 4 lambs out of 14 lambs in deficient group and other lambs showed a variable signs included inability to suckle, arched back, weakness, dullness, emaciation and recumbency. Serum selenium and vitamin E levels of these lambs were 0.01 ppm and 0.34 mg/L respectively. The clinical signs in ewes included loss of body weight and loss of wool, Weakness, dullness and recumbency. Serum selenium and vitamin E levels of these ewes were 0.02 ppm and 0.61mg/L respectively. It was concluded that vitamin E and selenium are essential antioxidants and their deficiency exposes the sheep industry to many serious losses.
Effect of Environmental High Temperature on the Reproductive activity of Awassi Ram Lambs
Authors: Kashef Al-Ghetaa Hassan Falah
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to detect the influence of high temperature during summer and early autumn seasons on the reproductive activity of Awassi ram lambs. Study conducted in Baghdad from June 1st 2011 to Nov. 30th 2011, using thirty Awassi ram lambs aged 11.5±1.5 months. Testis, Seminal vesicle gland and bulbourethral gland dimensions and weights were taken once monthly, cortisol and testosterone hormones were estimated, percentages of dead and abnormal sperms were calculated and histopathological examination was applied on the testes. The results revealed a significant (P<0.05) effects of hot season on the genital organ dimensions and weight, and on testicular histological texture leading to sloughing and degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules which causes elevating significantly (P<0.05) in percents of abnormal and dead sperms during mid-summer in comparison with fall season. There was decline in testosterone hormone level, while the cortisol hormone levels remains without significant differences. In conclusion: Awassi ram has a great ability to heat stress adaptation to decline the effect of external hyperthermia on reproductive ability as soon as possible, and can resume almost a perfect sexual activity with high fertility rate immediately at the regression of climatic high temperature.
Contamination of Local Laying Hen’s Egg Shell with Salmonella Serotypes
Authors: Jaffer Maysoon R.
Published: May 2021

Fifty locally laying hen’s eggs random samples were collected from different markets of Baghdad city in order to investigate the presence of Salmonellae Spp. in shell of those eggs. The samples were collected during the period from March 2012 to May 2012.The samples were directly transferred to the Food hygiene laboratory and analyzed immediately without further storage.The isolation and identification methods include: (pre-enrichment) culture stage by peptone water then, (Selective enrichment) culture stage by selenite broth after that culturing on sold (Selective media) which was Bismuth Sulphate agar. The biotyping by using API strip according to the API 20E miniaturized identification system for Salmonella SPP.. The isolated Salmonella strains were transferred on TSI agar to undergone sereotyping at the Institute of Public Health,Baghdad,Iraq. Data revealed that 15 out of the total 50 (30%) of the eggs samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp. Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis were the two serotypes that have been found in this study. Nine from 15 (60%) of the isolates was belong to Salmonella enteritidis serotypes while 6 from 15 (40%) of the isolates was belong to Salmonella typhimuriumserotype.
Effect of injection the broiler hatching eggs with vitamin E and cod liver oil on some their productive traits and immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine
Authors: Abdulwahid Mushtaq T.
Published: May 2021

Four hundred fertile eggs of broiler breeder Ross strain were incubated in commercial Hatchery. Eggs were injected into amniotic fluid on 18th day of incubation after divided into four treatment groups (100 eggs per treatment) with two replicates. First treatment was injected 100 µl of PBS, second treatment was injected with100 µl of inactivated ND vaccine, the third treatment was injected with 100 µl of inactivated ND vaccine and 50 µl vitamin E (oily form) and finally the fourth treatment was injected with 100 µl of inactivated ND vaccine and 50 µl Cod liver oil. All injected eggs were carried back into hatchery for complete hatching process. Hatched chicks were transported to the farm of the Veterinary Medicine College/University of Baghdad for 42 days from 6/10/2011 to 16/11/2011. The hatched chicks from the previously treated groups were distributed into four treatments with two replicates for up to the experimental end. Results of treated groups showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in body weight, weight gain, as well as significant reduce in feed intake and improvement in feed conversion ratio, also, antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus of treated groups showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase progressively with age until the end of the experiment compared with broiler chicks of control.
The influence of whole sonicated Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens on experimental p. aeruginosa arthritis in rabbits
Authors: Al-Awadi Ahmed Q.
Published: May 2021

To study the influence of whole sonicated Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens (WSPAgs) on experimental arthritis induced by this bacteria, 15 rabbits were divided into 3 equal groups. The 1st group was inoculated intraarticular with 0.2 ml of p. aeruginosa suspension (2×108 cfu/ml), the 2nd group was immunized with WSP Ags, and inoculated intraarticular as in the 1st group. The 3rd group was served as negative control group. At 30 day post inoculation the immunized (2nd) group showed increase in the cellular (DTH and IFN-γ) and humeral (IgG) immunity and moderate bacterial isolation from joints, blood and internal organs comparing with other groups. The 1st group showed sever symptoms and inflammatory reaction as well as very obvious gross and microscopical lesions in their joints including supportive reaction, pyogranulomatous lesions, necrosis, pannus reaction and destruction of the articular cartilage and the lesion extended to the subchondral bone leading to osteomyelitis, the 2nd group (immunized group) expressed mild to moderate inflammatory reaction and the microscopic examination indicate that the lesion was confined in the articular capsule. In conclusion the whole Pseudononas aeruginosa sonicated Ags (WSPAgs) protect the joint from the experimental infection by P. aeruginosa in a rabbit model.
Protective Role of Pomegranate Peel Extract on Testis in Adult Male Rabbits Treated with Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Hussen Wassan M.
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present study is to prepare ethanol extract of Pomegranate peel and the effects of this extract on testicular weight to body weight ratio, Serum cholesterol, testosterone concentration and histopathological changes of testes in rabbits treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Twenty four adult male rabbits were used. They were divided randomly into four equal groups. Animals were treated for 56 days as following: Rabbits of the 1st group were received 1 ml distal water orally once a day and olive oil 0.5 ml /kg B.W. I.P twice a week as control group. The second group were treated I.P with 500mg / kg B.W. of CCl4 mixing with equal volume of olive oil (0.5 ml/kg B.W.) twice a week (group T1). The third group was received pomegranate peel extract orally (100 mg/kg B.W) once a day and olive oil 0.5 ml /kg B.W. I.P twice a week (group T2). The fourth group were received pomegranate peel extract (100 mg/kg B.W) once a day oral I.P with 500 mg / kg B.W. of CCl4 mixing with equal volume of olive oil (o.5 ml/kg B.W.) twice a week (group T3). Blood samples were collected at (0, 14, 28, 42 and 56) days for measuring testosterone concentration, Serum cholesterol after treatments. Animals weighed and scarified and testis were removed and weighed, Samples of testis were taken for histopathological study. The results of the present study showed that treatment with pomegranate peel extract causes a significant (P>0.05) increase in testicular weight to body weight ratio. Also a significant (P>0.05) decreased of serum cholesterol and a significantly (P>0.05) elevation of testosterone concentration were observed. Histopathological examination of the testis was revealed that the extract of Pomegranate peel protect the testis against lesions caused by CCl4. In conclusion, Pomegranate peel extract could protect the tissue of testicles from CCl4 perhaps, by its anti-oxidative effect of pomegranate peel extract, hence eliminating the deleterious effects or toxic effect of CCl4.
The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk, soft cheese and yoghurt in Baghdad Province by Using ELISA Test
Authors: Najim Najim Hadi
Published: May 2021

Milk and dairy products are fundamental components in the human diet and may be the principle way for entrance of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in to the human body. All milk and dairy products samples were tested for the occurrence of AFM1 by the competitive ELISA technique. Out of 32 bovine raw milk samples that were collected from eight villages around Baghdad province, 32 samples (100 %) were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 0.15 to 86.96ng/kg with mean value of 42.37±26.07 ng/kg, of which 17 samples were contaminated with concentrations < 50 ng/kg and 15 samples exceeded the maximum acceptable level of AFM1 in milk (50 ng/kg) imposed by the European legislation. The raw milk samples belonged to animals fed with composite and stored fodder as in Althahab Alabiadh, Radhwaniya and Fadhaliya villages had higher significantly AFM1 concentrations over all the other five villages (Grazing feed). All 32 (100%) locally produced soft white cheese samples analyzed were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 31.84 to 89.44 ng/kg with the mean value of 59.92±17.03 ng/kg. Out of 32 locally produced yoghurt samples analyzed, 32 samples (100%) were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 0.16 to 42.74 ng/kg with the mean value of 16.92±11.55 ng/kg. Thirty samples (100%) of the examined 30 imported UHT milk samples that were collected from different commercial companies in the province of Baghdad presented significantly  high contamination level with AFM1 that were found to range from 0.18 to 85.66 ng/kg.
Using PCR technique for diagnosis of bacterium Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from urine samples of humans and sheep
Authors: A. Al-wgaa A.
Published: May 2021

The aims of the current study were to determine the percentages of E.coli O157:H7 in the urinary tract infections (UTIs) of humans and in the urine of apparently healthy sheep, in addition to determine the genotype of the isolates by PCR assay. Two hundred and twenty eight urine samples were collected from young children and adult patients both sexes suffering from UTIs during a period December 2012 to the end of March 2013. And randomly collected 75 urine sample from apparent healthy sheep both sexes that were slaughtered in AL Shoela, AL Rahmanea Slaughterhouse and College of Veterinary Medicine field in Baghdad the end of February to half of April 2013.   All urine samples were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24-48 hrs on blood agar, MacConkey agar as well as special media  and the isolates were identified  by  biochemical tests, then the isolates were confirmed diagnosed  by PCR assay. The  results showed that  humans urine samples ,8 samples were  E. coli O157:H7 positive  isolates(3.50%) ,young children expressed (4) isolates of E.coli O157:H7 as compare with  those   in adult (4 isolates)  and the percentage of this isolates in females were (2.6%) as compare with those  in males (0.87%). Also the current study demonstrated that all  isolates culturing positive  serotype of E.coliO 157:H7 were positive by PCR assay .The genes of  eaeA ,hly and Stx2 were recorded in 7,8 and  2 serotype of E.coliO157:H7 respectively. The result revealed that 21(28%) out 75 sheep urine samples were E.coli positive isolates, 13 out 75 samples were E.coli O157:H7 positive isolates. The percentage of isolates from rams urine samples was (14.66%) as it compare to those samples of ewes (2.66%).The result also was recorded that 10,13,12,4 and 3 of bacterial isolates of sheep urine samples  were carried eaeA, hlyA, hlyA plasmid,Stx1 and  Stx2 genes respectively. In conclusion the healthy sheep in Baghdad city,  harbor  shiga -toxin producing  E.coliO157:H7 in their  urinary tracts and these organism induced UTIs  associated with  renal failure in the humans and carried the same virulent genes that  reported in the sheep isolates.
Determination the serum oestrogen Concentrationand Alkaline phosphatase activity during pregnancy and parturition in oestrus synchronized goat
Authors: Kadhim Qayssar Jawad
Published: May 2021

This study was designed   to investigate the oestrus activity, oestrogen profile and enzymatic change Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at different stage of gestation and parturition in shami and Iraqi goat. A total of 30 mature female goat of two different breed (fifteen animals / each) were used, their reproduction was followed from January upto July -2013. The investigation included studying oestrus synchronization and allowing the animal to be mated naturally by proven buck. Blood sample were collected before gestation then every fifteen days until parturition. Results showed 100 % of female express estruse after synchronization and (73% and 67%) in shami and Iraqi goats respectively, become pregnant. Regarding the activity of oestrogen, the concentration increase gradually after day (60) of pregnancy and highest value was detected at parturition.Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) rose significantly (p<0.05) at 2nd and 3rd month of pregnancy. Conclusion of the changes, determination of estrogen level and ALP activity will serve as a base line data for monitoring the change during pregnancy and parturition.
A comparative study between two techniques of subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy in goats
Authors: Eesa M. J.
Published: May 2021

A comparison between two techniques of subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy was studied to find the best technique for treating severe cholecystitis and to study the fate of the remaining part of the gallbladder. All experimental animals had inducing cholecystitis by clipping the cystic duct for five days which was enough for inducing cholecystitis in goats. 24 adult female goats were used in this study, which were divided randomly into two equal groups; subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy with cystic duct and cystic artery clipping by titanium clips (group A) and laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy with cystic duct clipping only (group B). Operations were performed under general anesthesia by using thiopental sodium at a dose of 15 mg/Kg. B.W. intravenously to maintain the inhalation anesthesia by endotracheal tube with a mixture of halothane (1.5- 2.5 %) and oxygen (2-3 %). The intraabdominal pressure with CO2 was used at a low pressure 8-10 mmHg. The liver function tests including; alkaline phosphates (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total serum bilirubin and C- reactive protein were measured in different intervals; before operation (zero day) and at 1hr, 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th postoperative day. The liver function tests showed a significant elevation (P< 0.05) in alkaline phosphates (ALP) and in the total bilirubin values in group B (P> 0.05)  comparison with group A and no significant difference in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and C- reactive protein between all experimental groups as well as time intervals. The biopsies were taken at the 3rd, 7th and 15th postoperative day for histopathological of the remaining part of gallbladder which showed that subtotal cholecystectomies could be performed successfully with the two techniques, appeared degeneration in the remaining part of the gallbladder and offers best in the healing stages.
The therapeutic role of alcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds on hypothyroidism state induced by thiourea and some blood parameters in adult male rabbits
Authors: Al-Zyadi Atyaf J. H.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the alcoholic extract of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum graecum) on thyroid gland function in adult male rabbits exposed to thiourea that induce hypothyroidism state. Thirty adult male rabbits weighing 1500-2000 gm were used, and randomly divided into five equal groups (6 rabbits/group) and treated daily for 42 days as follows: First group (control), (T1) group were treated with alcoholic extract of fenugreek seed(200mg/ kg .B.W. orally), (T2) group were treated with thiourea (10 mg/kg. B.W. orally), (T3) group were treated once thiourea daily by (10 mg/ kg. B.W) and after (3) hours given alcoholic extract of fenugreek 200 mg/kg B.W., and (T4) group were treated once thiourea daily by (10mg /kg B.W) and after (3) hour given levothyroxine (10 ug/kg B.W). Blood samples were collected at (0, 14, 28 and 42) days of the experiment for measuring the concentration of hematological parameters. Blood parameters (HB, RBC, WBC, and PCV) were analyzed in this study. The results showed significant increase in (HB, RBC, WBC and PCV) in (T1) group significantly decreased in (T2) groups, while (T3 and T4) groups showed a significant increase of these parameters and their values appeared closely to control group. In conclusion supplementation of fenugreek seeds extract and levothyroxine have therapeutic effects against harmful effect of thiourea
Laparoscopic partial splenectomy by using two techniques in goats
Authors: Eesa Mohammad J.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to evaluate the laparoscopic partial splenectomy, using horizontal interrupted mattress suture and electro- cautery techniques in goats. Sixteenth adult goats were divided into two main equal groups (A and B). Each group was additionally divided into two equal subgroups, according to follow up on 15th and 30th days postoperatively for histopathology examination.All operations were performed under general anesthesia. Physical and clinical examination were measured pre-operatively and 1st to 7th days postoperative. The results revealed that the two techniques of both groups were performed successfully and the operation time in group A was 86.125±20 min., which was longer than that in group B 62.375±10 min. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in the physical parameters in all the experimental goats. All animals gradually returned to the normal solid food intake and activity, defecation and urination after 72hrs postoperative. Laparoscopic gross pathological changes revealed adhesions between spleen, rumen, and abdominal wall which were more severe in group A as compared with group B. Histopathology examination showed that both groups were associated with collagen and fibrous tissue formation similar to capsule surrounding the site of the incision, which was more in group B than in group A, and the latter group was infiltrated with more inflammatory cells. Also group B had more lymphocyte aggregation around the central artery, in addition to that there was thickness of capsule and mature granulation tissue, but in group A there was edema, congested red pulp and immature granulation tissue.
تأثيـر المستويـات المختلفـة من مسحـوق خليـط الثوم Alliumsativum)) وعرق الســوس Glycyrrhiza glabra Inn.)) المجهزه إلى العليقة في الصفات الإنتاجية لفروج اللحم
Authors: الزهيري مشعان عباس
Published: May 2021

أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير إضافة مستويات مختلفة من مسحوق خليط الثوم وعرق السوس المضافةإلى العليقة في الصفات الإنتاجية لفروج اللحم. وإستعمل في التجربة 180 فرخاً من سلالة (Ross-308) بعمريوم واحد، وزعت عشوائيا على أربعة معاملات تجريبية بواقع (3) مكررات لكل معاملة (15 فرخ / مكرر). وكانت المعاملات: الأولى المقارنة خالية من الأضافات، الثانية والثالثة والرابعة تضمنت ( 0.25 و0.50 و 1) % من مسحوق خليط الثوم وعرق السوس وبالتتابع، ووزنت الأفراخ، والعلف المستهلك أسبوعيا، وأظهرت النتائج تفوقاً معنوياً  (P<0.05) في قيم أوزان الجسم لمصلحة المعاملة  الثالثة، فيما لم تكن الفروقات معنوية بين الثانية وكذلك الرابعة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. وتفوقاً معنويا في قيم الزيادة الوزنية في مجموعة المعالجة الثانية، الثالثة والرابعة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. وأنخفاضاً معنويا في كمية العلف المستهلك في المجاميع المعالجة الثانية، الثالثة والرابعة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. وتحسناً معنويا في معامل التحويل الغذائي في مجموعة المعالجة الرابعة، الثانية والثالثة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. وتحسن في نسبة التصافي المعاملة الرابعة، اما باقي المعاملات لكل من نسبة التصافي ووزن الذبيحة كانت غير معنوية مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. تستنتج الدراسة أن إعطاء مسحوق خليط الثوم وعرق السوس بنسب ( 0.25 و0.50  و1) % يمكن أن يساعد في تحسين الأداء الأنتاجي لفروج اللحم.
Investigation of Biological Activity, Open Porosity and Water Absorption of Ternary Polymeric Blend (Polymethylmethacrylate / Starch) used for Bone Scaffold
Authors: Salih Sihama I. , A.  Hashim Fadhil , J.Eesa M. , Al-Saedi Sally A.
Published: May 2021

In this study a fabrication of three groups of biological system for bone scaffold, which consist of first group samples (Acrylic bone cement: % X poly methyl meth acrylate ), second group samples (poly methyl meth acrylate: % X Acrylic bone cement), with selected weight percentages of second material are (5, 10,15 and 20 % wt.) and third group, (Acrylic bone cement: 15 % poly methyl meth acrylate : % X starch) with selected weight percentage ratios of starch are (2, 4 and 6 %wt.). In vitro biological activity and water absorption have been studied. The results clarified that the in vitro biological activity test showed that all fabricated samples have no biological influence on the gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli . The results show that the first group of polymer blend have low open porosity and water uptake capacity than a second group. The increasing in starch weight fraction for the third group led to increasing in open porosity and water absorption..
SUPPRESSION OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN HYBRID STRUCTURES
Authors:   National Research Centre «Higher School of Economics», KARABASOV T. , VASENKO A.S. ,   National Research Centre «Higher School of Economics»
Published: May 2021

Materials that possess strong spin-orbit interaction have provoked great interest over the past few years, in particular, in the actively developing field of quantum calculations. A topological insulator is a good example of such a material. The topological insulator has high surface conductivity, whereas in the body it shows the properties of an insulator, this being a purely phenomenological definition of a substance. Superconducting hybrid structures also present a promising elemental basis for quantum calculations and spintronics. This paper considers hybrid nanostructures like superconductor/ ferromagnet/ superconductor (S/F/S) and superconductor/ topological insulator/ superconductor (S/TI/S), where a uniform magnetic field is imposed onto the surface of the topological insulator. The paper investigates the behaviour of critical temperature in the superconducting layer Тс depending on different parameters of the systems, in particular, the dependence of Тс on the thickness of the layer dn in the topological insulator TI (or the ferromagnetic layer F). To solve the problem, we use the formalism of the quasiclassical Green's functions . The model assumes a diffusion mode, which holds true when the electron free path length is much less than the characteristic scale of the system. As a rule, such a limit is easier to be performed, since the commonly made structures have admixtures. To solve the problem on self-consistency of the superconducting energetic slot D we use a unimode approximation. As the results of our calculations, we give curves of the critical temperature behaviour in the systems under consideration. It is demonstrated that while the critical temperature exhibits a nonmonotonic behaviour and can make oscillations because of phase 0 -p transitions in the S/F/S structures, in the S/TI/S structures the temperature of the superconducting transition exhibits a trivial behaviour characterized by the monotonic attenuation.
STABILITY OF SKYRMIONS IN THE FRUSTRATED ANTIFERROMAGNETIC/FERROELECTRIC BILAYERS WITH THE TRIANGULAR LATTICE
Authors:   Bashkir State University, SHARAFULLIN I.F. , YULDASHEVA A.R. ,   Bashkir State University, NUGAEVA N.M. ,   Bashkir State University, DIEP H.T. ,   Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, Université Cergy-Paris
Published: May 2021

The formation and conditions of stability of a skyrmions at the interface between a ferroelectric layer and antiferromagnetic layer with triangilar lattice and its phase transition are studied. All interactions between spins and polarizations are limited to nearest neighbors (NN). The antiferromagnetic exchange interaction among the spins inside antiferromagnetic layer will compete with the perpendicular interface interaction between adjacent layers. The ground state spin configuration at zero temperature is calculated by using the numerical high performance steepest descent method. The resulting configuration is non-collinear. Small values of external field yields small values of angles between spins in the plane so that the ground state configurations have antiferromagnetic and non collinear domains. We observe the creation of single spin vortices. We noted that for zero applied magnetic field the skyrmions in the antiferromagnetic/ferroelectric bilayers with triangular lattice can be created in the region of interface magnetoelectric interaction value between 0.85 and 1.95. The strong external magnetic field applied perpendicular to the interface with non-collinear Dzyaloshinskiy-Morya-like magnetoelectric interaction at the interface leads to remove the skyrmion phase and magnetic phase transitions. With increasing the interface magnetoelectric coupling, the skyrmion lattice disappear. We found the formation perfect skyrmion structure at non-zero external magnetic field and moderate values of magnetoelectric interaction. The skyrmions structure is stable in a large region of the interface magnetoelectric interaction between antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric films. The results of Monte Carlo simulations that we carried out confirm that observed skyrmions are stable up to a finite temperature.
STABILITYANALYSIS OF SCHWARZSCHILD-DAMOUR-SOLODUKHIN WORMHOLE
Authors:   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, AKHTARYANOVA G.F. , NIZAEVA G.I. ,   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, IZMAILOV R.N. ,   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University
Published: May 2021

The equations of general relativity are nonlinear second-order partial differential equations, and, as a consequence, obtaining the exact solutions is a difficult problem. One of the solutions to this problem is to obtain models with a thin self-gravitating shell. This method is used to study most of the phenomena in the theory of gravity, where the reverse effect of matter on the geometry of space-time is a key factor. Another interesting problem that can be studied using the thin shell method is the «simulation» of a black hole. Consider a system consisting of a spherically symmetric Schwarzschild black hole and a thin shell surrounding it, located at a certain fixed distance from the black hole. From the viewpoint of gravitational physics, an observer at infinity is unable to distinguish a real black hole from a wormhole with a thin shell, in which the simulation condition is satisfied. Simulation of a black hole is possible only under sufficiently stringent conditions for the parameters of the model. In particular, the shell needs to be held at a fixed radius. In the general case, such a movement of the shell is non-geodesic, and external forces are required to hold it. The radius of the shell is also a parameter that determines the possibility / impossibility of simulation. In this paper, the radius is found for the case of a Schwarzschild black hole. In particular, the paper considers a model of a wormhole obtained as a result of gluing two space-times: a Schwarzschild black hole and a Damour-Solodukhin wormhole. The latter solution differs from the Schwarzschild black hole in the parameter of the dimensionless real deviation λ and is a twice asymptotically flat regular space-time. It is shown that they can be glued along a given radius. As a result, a thin shell is formed between two glued manifolds consisting of exotic matter. Cases are considered when the thin shell is stable. It turns out that zones corresponding to the «force» constraint are more restrictive than those corresponding to the «mass» constraint.
HALDANE CHAINS
Authors:   National Research Institute «Higher School of Economics», POPOVA E.A. , EKOMASOV E.G. ,   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University
Published: May 2021

In a number of quasi-one-dimensional magnets, transition metal ions obeying the motives of the crystal lattice can form chains of integer spins that are distant from each other, named Haldane chains. This paper provides a brief overview of the magnetic properties of Haldane chains and considers some compounds containing such chains. The main features of the S=1 spin chain are that it has an unordered ground state with a finite correlation length and a spin gap in the magnetic excitation spectrum. In this paper, the manifestation of these properties is considered on the example of some compounds containing chains of Ni2+ ions (S=1). The disappearance of the spin gap and the establishment of antiferromagnetic ordering can lead to inter-chain interaction (as is the case in CsNiCl3), as well as an external magnetic field (in the case of Ni(C5H14N2)2N3(ClO4)), in which the Zeeman splitting of the Haldane triplet state occurs. To date, PbNi2V2O8 is the only known compound, in which the long-range magnetic order is induced by non-magnetic dilution of S=1 chains. In contrast to the above-listed compounds, Y2BaNiO5 remains disordered down to 0.1 K. When the non-magnetic Y3+ ion in Y2BaNiO5 is replaced by the rare earth ion R3+, a three-dimensional magnetic ordering occurs in the system. However, the Haldane gap in the spectrum of magnetic excitations of nickel is preserved both in the paramagnetic region and in the ordered state. In the ordered state, there is a paradoxical coexistence of the Haldane phase and spin waves, and the ordering occurs in the rare-earth subsystem, while the nickel subsystem remains internally disordered.