bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data from Preclinical Efficacy of the Antibody-Drug-Conjugate CLDN6-23-ADC for the Treatment of CLDN6 Positive Solid Tumors
Authors: McDermott Martina S.J. , O'Brien Neil A. , Hoffstrom Benjamin , Gong KeWei , Lu Ming , Zhang Jun , Luo Tong , Liang Min , Jia Weiping , Hong Jenny , Chau Kevin , Davenport Simon , Xie Bin , Press Michael F. , Panayiotou Richard , Handly-Santana Abram , Brugge Joan S. , Presta Leonard , Glaspy John , Slamon Dennis J.
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Claudin-6 (CLDN6) is expressed at elevated levels in multiple human cancers including ovarian and endometrial malignancies, with little or no detectable expression in normal adult tissue. This expression profile makes CLDN6 an ideal target for development of a potential therapeutic antibody-drug-conjugate (ADC). This study describes the generation and preclinical characterization of CLDN6-23-ADC, an ADC consisting of a humanized anti-CLDN6 monoclonal antibody coupled to MMAE via a cleavable linker. Experimental Design: A fully humanized anti-CLDN6 antibody was conjugated to MMAE resulting in the potential therapeutic ADC, CLDN6-23-ADC. The anti-tumor efficacy of CLDN6-23-ADC was assessed for anti-tumor efficacy in CLDN6-positive (CLDN6+) and negative (CLDN6-) xenografts and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of human cancers. Results: CLDN6-23-ADC selectively binds to CLDN6, versus other CLDN family members, inhibits the proliferation of CLDN6+ cancer cells in vitro and is rapidly internalized in CLDN6+ cells. Robust tumor regressions were observed in multiple CLDN6+ xenograft models and tumor inhibition lead to markedly enhanced survival of CLDN6+ PDX tumors following treatment with CLDN6-23-ADC. IHC assessment of ovarian cancer tissue microarrays demonstrate elevated levels of CLDN6 in 29% of ovarian epithelial carcinomas. Approximately 45% of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas and 11% of endometrial carcinomas are positive for the target. Conclusions: We report the development of a novel antibody-drug conjugate, CLDN6-23-ADC, that selectively targets CLDN6, a potential onco-fetal-antigen which is highly expressed in ovarian and endometrial cancers. CLDN6-23-ADC exhibits robust tumor regressions in mouse models of human ovarian and endometrial cancers and is currently undergoing Phase I study.
Truncation of GalNAc-type O-glycans Suppresses CD44-mediated Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Lin Neng-Yu , Lee Jian-Jr , Chen Syue-Ting , Lin Jung-An , Lin Chia-Hsuan , Lin Hsuan-Yu , Su Yong-Han , Chen Cheng-Chang , Lin Mei-Chun , Kuo Ching-Ying , Huang Min-Chuan
Published: April 2023

The glycoprotein CD44 is a key regulator of malignant behaviors in breast cancer cells. To date, hyaluronic acid (HA)-CD44 signaling pathway has been widely documented in the context of metastatic bone diseases. Core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1) is a critical enzyme responsible for the elongation of O-glycosylation. Aberrant O-glycans is recognized as a hallmark in cancers. However, the effects of C1GALT1 on CD44 signaling and bone metastasis remain unclear. In this study, IHC analysis indicated that C1GALT1 expression positively correlates with CD44 in breast cancer. Silencing C1GALT1 accumulates the Tn antigen on CD44, which decreases CD44 levels and osteoclastogenic signaling. Mutations in the O-glycosites on the stem region of CD44 impair its surface localization as well as suppress cell–HA adhesion and osteoclastogenic effects of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated the inhibitory effect of silencing C1GALT1 on breast cancer bone metastasis and bone loss. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of O-glycans in promoting CD44-mediated tumorigenic signals and indicates a novel function of C1GALT1 in driving breast cancer bone metastasis.

Implications:

Truncation of GalNAc-type O-glycans by silencing C1GALT1 suppresses CD44-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone metastasis in breast cancer. Targeting the O-glycans on CD44 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for blocking cancer bone metastasis.
Data from In vivo screening unveils pervasive RNA-binding protein dependencies in leukemic stem cells and identifies ELAVL1 as a therapeutic target
Authors: Vujovic Ana , de Rooij Laura , Keyvani Chahi Ava , Chen He Tian , Yee Brian A. , Loganathan Sampath K. , Liu Lina , Chan Derek C. H. , Tajik Amanda , Tsao Emily , Moreira Steven , Joshi Pratik , Xu Joshua , Wong Nicholas , Balde Zaldy , Jahangiri Soheil , Zandi Sasan , Aigner Stefan , Dick John E. , Minden Mark D. , Schramek Daniel , Yeo Gene W. , Hope Kristin J.
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is fueled by leukemic stem cells (LSCs) whose determinants are challenging to discern from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or uncover by approaches focused on general cell properties. We have identified a set of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) selectively enriched in human AML LSCs. Using an in vivo two-step CRISPR-Cas9 screen to assay stem cell functionality, we found 32 RBPs essential for LSCs in MLL-AF9;NrasG12D AML. Loss-of-function approaches targeting key hit RBP ELAVL1 compromised LSC-driven in vivo leukemic reconstitution and selectively depleted primitive malignant vs. healthy cells. Integrative multiomics revealed differentiation, splicing and mitochondrial metabolism as key features defining the leukemic ELAVL1-mRNA interactome with mitochondrial import protein, TOMM34 being a direct ELAVL1-stabilized target whose repression impairs AML propagation. Altogether, using a stem cell-adapted in vivo CRISPR screen, this work demonstrates pervasive reliance on RBPs as regulators of LSCs and highlights their potential as therapeutic targets in AML.
Supplemental Figure 4 from Digital Spatial Profiling Links Beta-2-microglobulin Expression with Immune Checkpoint Blockade Outcomes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gavrielatou Niki , Vathiotis Ioannis , Aung Thazin Nwe , Shafi Saba , Burela Sneha , Fernandez Aileen I. , Moutafi Myrto , Burtness Barbara , Economopoulou Panagiota , Anastasiou Maria , Foukas Periklis , Psyrri Amanda , Rimm David L.
Published: April 2023

b2m expression range, multivariate analysis of pfs and os and association with response and disease control in Yale cohort
LINC01002 Targets miR-650/FLNA Pathway to Suppress Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Qian Li , Wang Yue , Xiong Yuzhen , Ren Hetian , Liu Shili , Chen Dandan , Liu Yang
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In view of the vital implication of long noncoding RNAs in tumorigenesis, we possess the aim to determine the action effects and mechanisms of LINC01002 in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: Expression level of LINC01002, miR-650, or filamin A (FLNA) in PCa tissues and cells was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR or Western blotting. Cell proliferative and migratory capacities were investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and wound healing assays. Cell apoptosis was investigated by the levels of Bax and Bcl-2. Xenograft models were constructed to testify the role of LINC01002 in vivo. The anticipated binding of miR-650 to LINC01002 or FLNA was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter or RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assays. Results: Relatively poor expression of LINC01002 and FLNA, and high expression of miR-650 were identified in PCa tumor specimens and cells. Ectopic LINC01002 expression restrained PCa cell proliferation/migration and provoked apoptosis in vitro, and blocked solid tumor growth in Xenograft models. MiR-650 was directly targeted by LINC01002, and it also directly bound to FLNA. MiR-650 reintroduction in PCa cells overexpressing LINC01002 or FLNA partly reversed the anticancer effects of LINC01002 or FLNA overexpression, thus recovering PCa cell proliferation/migration and repressing apoptosis. Conclusion: LINC01002 deregulation was linked to PCa development. LINC01002 exerted potential anticancer effects in PCa via targeting the miR-650/FLNA pathway, which, at least in part, provided a basis for the involvement of LINC01002 as a therapeutic target in PCa.
Efficacy and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Nondiabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review of Recent Evidence
Authors: Lv Junhao , Guo Luying , Wang Rending , Chen Jianghua
Published: April 2023

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were initially developed as glucose-lowering agents in patients with type-2 diabetes. However, available data from clinical trials and meta-analyses suggest that SGLT2i have pleiotropic benefits in reducing mortality and delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Thus, we herein review the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of SGLT2i in patients with nondiabetic CKD and appraise the recently reported clinical trials that might facilitate the management of CKD in routine clinical practice. Summary: The benefits of SGLT2i on nondiabetic CKD are multifactorial and are mediated by a combination of mechanisms. The landmark DAPA-CKD trial revealed that dapagliflozin administered with renin-angiotensin system blockade drugs reduced the risk of a sustained decline (at least 50%) in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, end-stage kidney disease, or death from cardiorenal causes. The recent EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes. These benefits were consistent in patients with and without diabetes. Moreover, a meta-analysis of DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced trials confirmed reductions in the combined risk of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure including composite renal endpoint. Key Messages: Considering the robust data available from DAPA-CKD, EMPA-KIDNEY, and other trials such as EMPEROR-Preserved, DIAMOND that included nondiabetic patients, it may be necessary to update current guidelines to include SGLT2i as a first-line therapy for CKD and reevaluate current CKD therapeutic approaches.
DNA Methylation of Birthweight–Blood Pressure Genes and Changes of Blood Pressure in Response to Weight-Loss Diets in the POUNDS Lost Trial
Authors: Kou Minghao , Li Xiang , Shao Xiaojian , Grundberg Elin , Wang Xuan , Ma Hao , Heianza Yoriko , Martinez J. Alfredo , Bray George A. , Sacks Frank M. , Qi Lu
Published: April 2023

Background:

DNA methylation (DNAm) may play a critical role in bridging prenatal adverse events and cardiometabolic disorders including hypertension in later life.

Methods:

We included 672 adult participants with overweight or obesity, who participated in a 2-year randomized weight-loss dietary intervention study. We defined the regional DNAm levels as the average methylation level of 5’-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3’ within 500 bp of
LINC00319
(cg01820192),
ATP2B1
(cg00508575), and
LMNA
(cg12593793), respectively. Generalized linear regression models were used to assess the association between the regional DNAm and 2-year blood pressure changes. Trajectory analysis was used to identify subgroups that shared a similar underlying trajectory of 2-year blood pressure changes.

Results:

The regional DNAm at
LINC00319
, showed significantly different associations with 2-year changes in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure among participants assigned to low- or high-fat diets (
P
for interaction<0.05 for all). In response to the low-fat diet, per SD higher regional DNAm at
LINC00319
was associated with greater reductions in both 2-year changes in systolic blood pressure (β, −1.481;
P
=0.020) and diastolic blood pressure (β, −1.096;
P
=0.009). Three trajectories of changes in systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure were identified, and participants with higher regional DNAm at
LINC00319
were more likely to experience and maintain decreased systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (odds ratio of being in decrease-stable versus stable [95% CI], 1.542 [1.146–2.076] and 1.463 [1.125–1.902]).

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that DNAm could be a metabolic memory bridging early and later life, and an indicator of more benefits from eating a low-fat weight-loss diet.
Assessing the Surface Downward Longwave Irradiance Models Using ERA5 Input Data in Canada
Authors: Khorsandi Mostafa , St-Hilaire Andre , Arsenault Richard
Published: April 2023

Longwave radiation (LR) is one of the energy balance components responsible for warming and cooling water during hot summers. Both downward incoming LR, emitted by the atmosphere, and outgoing LR emitted by the land surface are not widely measured. The influence of clouds on the LR heat budget makes it even harder to establish reliable formulations for all-sky conditions. This paper uses air temperature and cloud cover from the ERA5 reanalysis database to compare 20 models for the downward longwave irradiance (DLI) at Earth’s surface and compare them with ERA5’s DLI product. Our work uses long-time continuous DLI measured data at three stations over Canada, and ERA5 reanalysis, a reliable source for data-scarce regions, such as central British Columbia (Canada). The results show the feasibility of the local calibration of different formulations using ERA5 reanalysis data for all-sky conditions with RMSE metrics ranging from 37.1 to 267.3 W m−2, which is comparable with ERA5 reanalysis data and can easily be applied at broader scales by implementing it into hydrological models. Moreover, it is shown that ERA5 gridded data for DLI shows the best results with RMSE = 31.7 W m−2. This higher performance suggests using ERA5 data directly as input data for hydrological and ecological models.
Dual-Frequency Wind-Driven Mixed Rossby–Gravity Waves in the Equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Nagura Motoki , McPhaden Michael J.
Published: April 2023

Frequency spectra of in situ meridional velocity measurements in the central equatorial Indian Ocean show two distinct peaks at “quasi biweekly” periods of 10–30 days. One is near the surface at frequencies of 0.06–0.1 cpd (periods of 10–17 days) and the other is in the pycnocline (∼100-m depth) at lower frequencies of 0.04–0.06 cpd (periods 17–25 days). Analysis of a wind-forced ocean general circulation model shows that variability in the two frequency bands represents wind-driven mixed Rossby–gravity waves. The waves share a similar horizontal structure, but the meridional scale of lower-frequency variability is about one-half of that of higher-frequency variations. Higher-frequency variability has its largest amplitude in the eastern basin while the lower-frequency variability has its largest amplitude in the central basin. The vertical wavelength of lower-frequency variability is smaller by a factor of 3–4 than that of higher-frequency variability. These results are consistent with expectations from linear mixed Rossby–gravity wave theory. Numerical simulations show that the primary driver of these waves is surface wind forcing in the central and eastern Indian Ocean and that dynamical instability does not play a major role in their generation.

Significance Statement

Spectra of meridional velocity in the central equatorial Indian Ocean from in situ measurements show two distinct peaks in the biweekly period band with different spatial structures. This study uses an ocean general circulation model to show that variability in these two bands is driven by surface winds that are themselves spatially structured. The variability in both period bands is consistent with linear mixed Rossby–gravity wave theory, but the spatial structures, including meridional trapping scale, vertical wavelength, and zonal distribution of energy, are very different.
Unintentional Injury Death Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Trends and Risk Factors
Authors: Serpico Scott , Manikath James Rosy , Koizumi Naoru , Ortiz Jorge
Published: April 2023

Unintentional injury death (UID) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and individuals with chronic diseases are at higher risk. Though organ transplant can improve the lives of those with chronic disease, these individuals remain in suboptimal physical and mental health after surgery that predisposes them to UID. To quantify the scale of UID among solid organ transplant recipients, we performed a retrospective analysis using United Network of Organ Sharing data from adults who underwent kidney, liver or pancreas transplant between 2000-2021. Our study aimed to identify risk factors for UID in this cohort by comparing basic patient, donor, and transplant characteristics of the groups (UID or all other cause death). The largest proportion of UID was seen in the kidney group (.8%), followed by liver (.7%) and then pancreas (.3%). Male sex was the most significant risk factor among kidney and liver recipients. Whites had a higher risk for UID relative to their non-White counterparts in the kidney and liver groups. In both groups, advancing age conferred a protective effect, whereas higher functional status was a risk factor. Our findings shed new light on a significant source of mortality within the transplant population.
Can improvement in delivery of smoking cessation care be sustained in psychiatry inpatient settings through a system change intervention? An analysis of statewide administrative health data
Authors: Plever Sally , Kisely Steve , Bonevski Billie , McCarthy Irene , Emmerson Brett , Ballard Emma , Anzolin Melissa , Siskind Dan , Allan John , Gartner Coral
Published: April 2023

Objective:

This study evaluated maintenance of improved delivery of smoking cessation assistance in adult acute psychiatry inpatient units 3 years post statewide implementation of a system change intervention through analysis of a statewide administrative health dataset.

Method:

Rates of documenting smoking status and providing a brief smoking cessation intervention (the Smoking Cessation Clinical Pathway) in all eligible Queensland public adult acute psychiatry inpatient units ( N = 57) during the implementation phase (October 2015–September 2017) of a system change intervention were compared to the maintenance phase (October 2017–October 2020) using interrupted time series analysis.

Results:

Across implementation and maintenance phases, the percentage of discharges from psychiatry inpatient units that had a smoking status recorded remained high with the statewide average exceeding 90% (implementation phase 93.2%, 95% confidence interval = [92.4, 93.9]; and maintenance phase 94.6%, 95% confidence interval = [94.0, 95.2]). The percentage of discharges statewide with a completed Pathway stabilised during the maintenance phase (change in slope −3.7%, 95% confidence interval = [−5.2, −2.3]; change in level 0.4%, 95% confidence interval = [−7.0, 7.9]).

Conclusion:

An evidence-based smoking cessation intervention implemented with a system change intervention resulted in sustained improvement in addressing smoking in adult inpatient psychiatry units up to 3 years post implementation.
Reach Out and Read Literacy Program for Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Pre-Post Experimental Study
Authors: Kale Shriya S. , Deshpande Vinuta R.
Published: April 2023

The elevated prevalence of linguistic delay in youngsters emphasizes the necessity to focus on strategies to improve language development, hence aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Reach Out and Read (ROR) intervention on language development for infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at a tertiary care hospital, in Belagavi, India. Eighteen infants admitted 7 or more days in NICU and had APGAR scores of more than 6 at the first and fifth minute after birth were recruited. Reach Out and Read was done for 6 months. At recruitment, corrected age 3 and 5 months’ general movement assessment (GMA) and at corrected age, 6 months’ Bayley Scale of Infant Development III (BSID III) language subtest was recorded. Wilcoxon matched paired test showed significant improvement ( P = .0277; P = .0431) in GMA over time. Six-month parent delivered ROR intervention confirms its effectiveness in promoting general movement developmental trajectories of infants admitted to NICU.
The clinical and Practice Dilemma of Frequent Switching Among Generic Medications: Magnitude and Patient Safety Prospective
Authors: Al-Jazairi Abdulrazaq S. , Al-Ghamdi Mesfer A. , Al-Suhaibani Lujain Khalid , Abu-Riash Tamadhor , Assfoor Abrar bin , Alsergani Hani , Alburaiki Jehad
Published: April 2023

Objective: To assess the magnitude of generic-generic and brand-generic medication switching and its impact on patients’ understanding and the potential risk of medication errors. Methods: The study composed of 2 parts. The first part is a retrospective study to measure the frequency of medications switching in King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), from 1st of January 2015 to the 31st of December, 2020. Brand medications that were switched to generic medications, generic medications that were switched to brand medications and generic medications that were switched to other generic medications were included. Medications that were switched before or after the study period were excluded. The primary outcomes are the total percentage of switching from brand to generic of all medications in KFSH&RC drug formulary, frequency of generic-generic medications switching and percentage of switching back from generic to brand medications. The second part is a cross sectional survey-based study to assess patients’ understanding of their medications and the potential for medication errors by assessing their ability to identify the discrepancies and duplications utilizing a validated questionnaire. Results: Over 5 years, the number of generic medications increased from 553 (35.5%) to 640 (41.1%) out of the 1554 formulary items. Percentage of switching from brand to generic over that 5-year period was 15.9%. Percentage of switching back from generic to brand was 12.8%. Total number of generic medications that had been switched to other generic medications was 256 (16.5%). Out of the 218 patients who had been switched from generic to generic medication, only 43 patients (19.7%) knew the indication for the generic medication they were taking. One hundred forty-six patients (67%) knew the indication of generic medications exclusively by their physical “trademark” characteristics, with 11.5% unrecognized duplication. Conclusion: There is a clear tendency to switch brand medications to generics and to switch between generics. We found the percentage of subsequent switching back to branded products is alarming. Frequent switching between medications negatively impacted patient comprehension and resulted in medication duplication. There is a crucial need for appropriate medication counseling and medication use ecosystem redesign.
Female board membership and stakeholder strategy: Consistency under complexity and uncertainty
Authors: Smulowitz Małgorzata , Smulowitz Stephen J
Published: April 2023

How does female board membership affect firm stakeholder strategy? With the large increase in pressure to add more women to boards, it is especially important to understand how they influence firm strategy. Moreover, despite the growing importance of firm stakeholder strategy, key stakeholders continue to criticize firms for failing to keep their commitments. Here, we expect that owing to their long-term nature, consistency is particularly important for stakeholder investments, and that owing to their greater interest in stakeholder issues and their effect on board monitoring, female board members can be a key driver of stakeholder strategy consistency. Specifically, we develop and test hypotheses that increasing architectural complexity and uncertainty make stakeholder investments more difficult or costly, leading to a reduction in such investments. However, female board membership increases firm stakeholder consistency and counteracts these negative effects. Using a sample of 1755 S&P 1500 firms for the period 2000–2013, we provide robust support for our hypotheses.
Gentrification and Social Unrest: The Blitz, Urban Change and the 2011 London Riots
Authors: Leon-Ablan Gabriel , Kawalerowicz Juta
Published: April 2023

Many of the world’s major cities have recently seen large episodes of social unrest. What is the relationship between the changes these cities have experienced, particularly in the form of gentrification, and urban riots? We address this question by examining how local gentrification affected participation in the 2011 London riots. We use an instrumental variable strategy that exploits exogenous variation in the amount of local destruction caused by the Blitz; this is a strong predictor of local gentrification in London in 2001–2011. We find that gentrifying neighborhoods had a lower participation rate than other areas; this was a result of changes in the type of resident (a composition effect) and in the context in which the residents made their participation decisions (a contextual effect). Our findings are consistent with qualitative evidence from the United Kingdom and the United States, and highlight the effect that urban change can have on social order.
Exploiting Ultimatum Power When Responders Are Better Informed − Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Conflict Resolution
Authors: Güth Werner , Marazzi Francesca , Panaccione Luca
Published: April 2023

In dyadic ultimatum bargaining proposers, who are privately informed about the pie size, can exploit their “moral wiggle room” by engaging in unfairness which is unobservable by responders. Our setup instead assumes better informed responders and, as a consequence, limits ultimatum power and questions conflict resolution via acceptance of ultimatum proposals. In addition to testing the game theoretic solution, based on common opportunism, we assess whether two different market framings boost benchmark behavior. Our results confirm nearly universal responder opportunism. Although the benchmark proposer demand is modal, proposer choices display substantial variation, even in later rounds and even in the range in which lower demands would let both parties expect to earn more. Nevertheless, such inefficiently large demands become less frequent across rounds. Our results also show that market framing is insignificant and more so in later rounds.
Economic crisis and regime transitions from within
Authors: Djuve Vilde Lunnan , Knutsen Carl Henrik
Published: April 2023

We study how economic crises relate to the likelihood of experiencing regime changes ‘from within’; that is, transitions brought about, in part or fully, by actors in the incumbent regime. While historically common and influencing the political trajectories of many countries, such processes are far less studied than regime transitions forced by non-incumbent actors, such as coups or revolutions. We synthesize previous arguments and further specify how crises can incentivize leaders to change the regime from within due to two mechanisms. First, crises create windows of opportunity for leaders to pursue transitions they inherently prefer, for instance through self-coup. Second, crises sometimes allow opposition actors to mobilize and threaten the regime, forcing incumbents to liberalize. We leverage new data on timing and mode of regime change for more than 2000 regimes from about 200 countries, during the period 1789–2018. Employing different measurement strategies, estimators, control variables and other specification choices, we find fairly robust evidence that economic crises are related to transitions from within. However, when we distinguish between liberalizing and non-liberalizing guided transitions, we only find that economic crises systematically relate to the latter, suggesting that the window of opportunity mechanism may be especially pertinent in many contexts.
Teachers’ Perspectives and Knowledge of Students With Complex Support Needs and Practices Associated With SWPBIS
Authors: Kurth Jennifer A. , Zagona Alison L. , Walker Virginia L. , Loman Sheldon L.
Published: April 2023

In this study, we examined the extent to which educators believe students with complex support needs (CSN) participate in and benefit from practices associated with school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS). We conducted a survey of 622 teachers in the United States and analyzed responses according to the implementation or absence of SWPBIS at the respondent’s school. Our findings show (a) teachers working in SWPBIS schools have more knowledge of how to handle challenging behavior among students with CSN, (b) students with CSN who are taught in SWPBIS schools are more involved in SWPBIS-associated practices and the general education classroom, and (c) teachers believe students with CSN should be involved in SWPBIS-associated practices. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Awe Correlates With Resilience to COVID-19 Stressors Independent of Religiosity
Authors: Braswell Jeanette M. , Prichard Eric C.
Published: April 2023

Awe is an emotion defined by an experience of vastness and cognitive accommodation that is unique among other positive emotions in that its cognitive effects are more similar to those of negative emotions. The current study posits that because of its unique cognitive effects, awe may related to resilience to stressors introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized that awe would significantly correlate with resilience to COVID-19 even when controlling for religiosity. Religiosity was included in the analyses because of strong support in previous research connecting it to both awe and resilience. Regression analyses revealed that awe and religiosity were both significant correlates of resilience but when placed in the same model, the relationship between religiosity and resilience disappeared. An exploratory mediation analysis was conducted to further explore this result. Implications for understanding resilience in the face of COVID-19 and directions for future research are discussed.
Should we trust the university casual academic? A narrative inquiry case study
Authors: Loo Daron Benjamin
Published: April 2023

This study explores how trust is established by a casual academic working at a Malaysian public university. Narrative data was collected through a series of semi-structured interview with a case participant, Dinah. The data was analyzed in light of priori themes derived from existing literature about casual academics at the university. The analysis illustrated two themes of how trust is established. First, trust is established through the entrepreneurial self, seen through the recognition of one’s pedagogical knowledge and classroom experience. Second, trust is established through a combination of compliance and non-compliance. The former refers to meeting the expectations of the institution, while the latter refers to the casual academic’s personal rationalization of what is deemed best for the students. Based on these findings, trust for the casual academic was found to be a multidimensional construct that was not necessarily bound to performative metrics, unlike their full-time counterparts. Furthermore, due to grey areas in oversight, there may be more opportunities for casual academics to teach on the basis of morality.
Research on regionalised digital image slope monitoring methods
Authors: Jingzong ZHANG , Xiaokang LING , Zhijie HE , Yimin SONG , Hailiang Xu , Dong AN
Published: April 2023

The digital image correlation method is a high precision and non-contact ground deformation monitoring method, which is widely used in surface deformation monitoring. However, according to its principle, different surface characteristics have great influence on the monitoring results. In this paper, a regional digital image slope monitoring method is established to meet the monitoring requirements of different areas of the same slope. Firstly, the features of different regions in the image are identified according to the optical region detection, and then the deformation calculation method is matched according to the features of different regions. Finally, according to the binocular vision principle, the three-dimensional displacement of the slope is obtained. Taking a highway slope in Qinhuangdao as an example, we realised all-weather and full-field deformation monitoring of slope, and verified the applicability and feasibility of regional digital image slope monitoring method. The applicability of digital image correlation method in slope monitoring is improved.
Framing urban threats: A socio-spatial analysis of urban securitisation in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Abello Colak Alexandra , Lombard Melanie , Guarneros-Meza Valeria
Published: April 2023

In the context of growing concern with violence in Latin American and Caribbean cities this paper offers an analytical synthesis of urban securitisation which involves the construction of issues, spaces and populations as security threats. The synthesis contributes to debates on urban studies and critical security studies, which focus on neoliberalism as the driver of urban securitisation and militarisation as its main expression, by highlighting the embedded, contextualised and historically situated nature of securitisation and its multiple manifestations. The paper proposes a framework for the socio-spatial analysis of securitisation processes focusing on their causes, manifestations and consequences, while capturing their dialectic relation with cities’ spatial characteristics. Bringing together Lefebvre’s conceptualisation of the social production of space with Wacquant’s analysis of the penal-assistential state, and using secondary sources complemented by primary data from our research, the paper shows that urban securitisation in this region is contingent to four socio-spatial dimensions common to Latin American and Caribbean cities – segregation, territorial stigmatisation, overlapping insecurities and territorial struggles. Using a multidimensional framework, the paper illustrates how unaddressed legacies of colonialism and notions of state power in the context of struggles with criminal actors have driven urban securitisation and diversified its targets and techniques beyond militarisation. Under a securitising logic, programmes which often appear progressive are also shown to prejudice marginalised groups and undermine democratic values. The paper concludes with a call for further multidisciplinary analyses that account for the socio-spatial and historical particularities of contemporary forms of urban securitisation in this and other regions.
Change or stability in educational inequalities? Educational mobility and school effects in the context of a major urban policy
Authors: Custers Gijs , Das Marjolijn , Engbersen Godfried
Published: April 2023

Urban areas are facing increasing social inequalities, which governments try to tackle with social policy. This study examines one of the most ambitious urban policies in the history of Dutch policies that aims to increase educational attainment amongst disadvantaged children in one of the poorest areas in the Netherlands. We investigate to what extent inequality in educational attainment based on parental education has changed during the first period of this programme. We further examine to what extent school characteristics affect educational attainment and how these effects relate to targeting disadvantaged areas for policy intervention. Register data on the individual, school and area level were employed to study these issues. We find that the effect of parental education on secondary school attainment has been stable since the start of the programme, indicating that inequality has not decreased in the context of the programme. Furthermore, several school characteristics, including socioeconomic status and retention rate, were relevant in explaining differences in educational attainment. We discuss the implications of our findings regarding the allocation of public resources for policy programmes based on area and school characteristics.
The Need to Provide Health Promotion Care Services to Undergraduate Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea
Authors: Kim Hee-Dong , Heo Myoung-Lyun
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed undergraduate education into non-face-to-face classes, and a novel methodology is required to aid students in career preparation behavior (CPB). This study aimed to assess the effects of self-rated abilities for health practices (SRAHP) as a psychological attribute and health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP) as a behavioral attribute in the dynamics between positive psychological capital (PPC) and CPB among undergraduate students taking non-face-to-face classes. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 639 undergraduate students taking non-face-to-face classes; data were obtained via online survey in January 2022. A significant positive effect on CPB was observed for PPC ( b = 0.261, p < .001) and HPLP ( b = 0.674, p < .001). The effect of SRAHP on CPB was not significant; however, it mitigated the PPC–CPB dynamics ( b = −.081, p < .05) and strengthened the relationship between HPLP and CPB ( b = .250, p < .001). Lastly, the mediating effects after moderation for HPLP and SRAHP were positive, with statistical significance. To aid the students with career preparation in the current undergraduate education environment moving toward a non-face-to-face model, there is a need for resources to increase students’ psychological confidence regarding health management and to promote their health practices.
“I’m Not Fighting Anymore So What Do I Do Now?” Young Women’s Challenges While Transitioning Out of Active Breast Cancer Treatment and into Survivorship
Authors: Parker Pearman D. , McSweeney Jean C. , McQueen Amy , Jin Jing , Bryant-Smith Gwendolyn , Henry-Tillman Ronda
Published: April 2023

Young women (18-45 years of age) with breast cancer often view the end of active treatment as a significant milestone. While completing treatment is largely celebrated, little is known about the immediate time after completing active treatment. The purpose of this qualitative, descriptive study was to explore the needs of young women survivors transitioning out of active breast cancer treatment and into survivorship. We used a qualitative design with convenience sampling of young women who completed active breast cancer treatment within the last 5 years to participate in semi-structured online focus groups from November 2020 to May 2021. Thematic analysis was used to reveal the needs as women transitioned out of active treatment and into survivorship. Thirty-three young women breast cancer survivors (75.8% White, 12.1% Black, 12.1% other) participated in 7 online focus groups each lasting approximately 90 min. Three dominant themes with accompanying subthemes emerged from the data: (1) “feeling like a different kind of woman” (physical [cognitive, weight, sexual] changes, emotional changes [defining normal, loss of purpose]); (2) lingering emotional trauma (active treatment, survivorship); and (3) recommendations (services needed, content needed). Participants in this study did not feel prepared for the physical and emotional changes associated with the transition from active treatment and into survivorship as identified in our 2 main themes of “feeling like a different kind of woman” and lingering emotional trauma. Participants recommended more thorough communication about expectations in survivorship focusing on physical aspects like cognitive, weight, and sexual changes as well emotional challenges like loss of identity in survivorship. More communication specific to young women could assist in the transition to survivorship.
Effects of Otago Exercise Program on Physical and Psychosocial Functions Among Community-Dwelling and Institutionalized Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mgbeojedo Ukamaka Gloria , Akosile Christopher Olusanjo , Okoye Emmanuel Chiebuka , Ani Kenneth Umezulike , Ekechukwu Echezona Nelson , Okezue Obinna Chinedu , John Jeneviv Nene , Nwobodo Nnaemeka
Published: April 2023

To review the effects of Otago exercise program (performed individually or in group) on several physical and psychosocial outcomes for community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Three electronic databases and reference lists of identified studies were searched. Eligibility criteria included clinical trials of the Otago exercise program conducted among older adults. Two studies were conducted in institutions, 2 in groups. None of the studies reviewed reported the post-intervention result of the Otago exercise program on depression or any other psychological construct. Otago exercise program was effective in reducing falls, improving balance, strength, mobility, and health-related quality of life within the community and in institutions. Available evidence suggests group performance may be better than individual programs. The Otago exercise program is an important and effective exercise strategy which can be administered in groups or individualized to both community-dwelling and institution-resident older adults. Future reviews, especially, systematic reviews with meta-analysis should be performed.
Words in context: Compensation for phonological assimilation in monolingual and bilingual toddlers
Authors: Singh Leher , Cheng Qiqi
Published: April 2023

Most words spoken to infants are produced in larger units, such as clauses, phrases, and sentences. As such, language learners must recognize words amidst the words that surround them. However, the phonetic forms of words change based on surrounding context. Here, we investigate the effects of a common source of phonetic change—phonological assimilation—on word recognition in English monolingual and English-Mandarin bilingual infants from Singapore. Using a preferential looking paradigm, 24-month-old monolingual English and bilingual English-Mandarin toddlers were presented with three different forms of familiar English words embedded in phrases: correct productions (e.g. ‘Look at the pen, dear’), assimilated forms (e.g. ‘Look at the pem, baby’), and mispronunciations (e.g. ‘Look at the pem, dear’). Although participants preferentially fixated visual targets upon hearing them labeled, there were no effects or interactions of language background and trial type on target fixation. However, higher naming effects were associated with increased English exposure in bilingual infants. The results suggest that monolingual and bilingual infants respond similarly to phonetic alternations arising from nasal place assimilation at 24 months.
Becoming a (Neuro)Migrant: Attachment, Early Stimulation, and the Government of the Future of Chile
Authors: Abarca-Brown Gabriel
Published: April 2023

The encounters between health institutions, practitioners, and Haitian and Dominican communities have triggered several frictions and conflicts in the public health system in Chile since 2010, especially in maternal child health. In this article, I explore the interactions between health institutions, “psy” technologies, and afro-descendant women registered in the “Chile Crece Contigo” program and how these interactions impact women’s subjectivity and everyday lives. Developmental sciences, especially neurosciences, play a crucial role in the program by promoting comprehensive childhood development. I argue that the entanglements between attachment theory, neurosciences, and epigenetics gained authority for health practitioners and shaped migrants’ representations of motherhood and child-rearing anchored in neurobiology. Although health institutions have encouraged the adoption of “cultural competencies,” practitioners’ interventions have tended to promote a neurobiological understanding of attachment and early stimulation, neglecting moral and contextual aspects involved in migrants’ parenting practices. Interventions have delineated representations of “(ab)normal” motherhood and childhood, shaping moral ideals of children’s development and a migrant citizenship project for the future of Chile. I also argue that by placing concerns on the table about migrant children’s neurobiological development and social vulnerability, the program has shaped what some researchers call the “neuroscience of poverty.”
Evidence-based consensus guidelines for the management of catatonia: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology
Authors: Rogers Jonathan P , Oldham Mark A , Fricchione Gregory , Northoff Georg , Ellen Wilson Jo , Mann Stephan C , Francis Andrew , Wieck Angelika , Elizabeth Wachtel Lee , Lewis Glyn , Grover Sandeep , Hirjak Dusan , Ahuja Niraj , Zandi Michael S , Young Allan H , Fone Kevin , Andrews Simon , Kessler David , Saifee Tabish , Gee Siobhan , Baldwin David S , David Anthony S
Published: April 2023

The British Association for Psychopharmacology developed an evidence-based consensus guideline on the management of catatonia. A group of international experts from a wide range of disciplines was assembled. Evidence was gathered from existing systematic reviews and the primary literature. Recommendations were made on the basis of this evidence and were graded in terms of their strength. The guideline initially covers the diagnosis, aetiology, clinical features and descriptive epidemiology of catatonia. Clinical assessments, including history, physical examination and investigations are then considered. Treatment with benzodiazepines, electroconvulsive therapy and other pharmacological and neuromodulatory therapies is covered. Special regard is given to periodic catatonia, malignant catatonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and antipsychotic-induced catatonia. There is attention to the needs of particular groups, namely children and adolescents, older adults, women in the perinatal period, people with autism spectrum disorder and those with certain medical conditions. Clinical trials were uncommon, and the recommendations in this guideline are mainly informed by small observational studies, case series and case reports, which highlights the need for randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies in this area.
Polish Validation of the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS): Psychometric Characteristics and Relationships with Risk Propensity
Authors: Zaleskiewicz Tomasz , Sobkow Agata , Traczyk Jakub
Published: April 2023

In three studies, we developed the Polish version of the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS), which measures individual differences in people's spontaneous use of mental imagery in everyday situations. The SUIS-PL consists of nine items with very good internal consistency and validity. For example, it shows a moderate correlation with the vividness of mental images and with temperamental traits related to the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and the Behavioral Approach System (BAS). We also investigated the relationship between the SUIS-PL and measures of risk perception and willingness to take risks, showing the possible applicability of the scale in this context. Interestingly, we found that people with higher scores in the SUIS-PL were generally more willing to take risks, suggesting that they may spontaneously imagine positive, rather than negative, aspects of risky situations.