bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Mastocytosis With Atypical Mast Cells in a 7-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Marrero Alemán Gabriel , El Habr Constantin , Islas Norris Diana , Montenegro Dámaso Társila , Borrego Leopoldo , Sangueza Omar P.
Published: March 2017

Cutaneous mastocytosis is defined by the presence of mast cells within the skin in the absence of other criteria for the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis. Mast cells are characterized by an abundant granular cytoplasm and a round to oval or spindle-shaped nuclei. The presence of mast cells with bilobed and multilobed nuclei in cutaneous mastocytosis is a rare phenomenon and has been rarely reported in the literature. To our knowledge, there are only 4 reported cases of cutaneous mastocytosis with atypical mast cells. We hereby report a case of urticaria pigmentosa in a 7-year-old female patient. The patient presented with asymptomatic skin lesions of several years duration over the neck and left scapular area. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of middermal perivascular infiltrates mainly composed of mast cells, few lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Most mast cells showed pleomorphic nuclei with bilobed and multilobed morphology that revealed a positive expression for CD117, tryptase, CD68, and Giemsa stains. Based on these findings the diagnosis of urticaria pigmentosa with atypical mast cells was made. Additional tests to rule out systemic involvement were performed. All values, including a tryptase level, were within normal limits. No changes were noted after 1-year follow-up.
Ibrutinib-Induced Neutrophilic Dermatosis
Authors: El Halabi Layal , Cherif-Rebai Khadija , Michot Jean-Marie , Ghez David
Published: March 2017

We report the case of a 64-year-old woman treated with ibrutinib for a chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion, who developed several erythematous, painful, and papulo-nodular skin lesions in the limbs, neck, and face. The skin biopsy was consistent with the diagnosis of neutrophilic dermatosis. Rechallenge with ibrutinib at full dose was followed by the recurrence of the same skin lesions, strongly suggesting a direct relationship.
Cleft Palate Repair without Lateral Relaxing Incision
Authors: Ogata Hisao , Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Kishi Kazuo
Published: March 2017

Background:

The goals of successful palate repair include optimization of speech and feeding, avoidance of fistula formation, and mitigation of adverse maxillary growth. However, the effects of scar formation on maxillary growth have not been discussed in detail.

Methods:

Between November 2010 and December 2011, the palateplasty was performed for 24 patients with cleft palate (median age, 12 months; range, 11–18 months). In the velum, a symmetrical intravelar veloplasty with mucosal Z-plasty was performed on both the nasal and oral sides. In the hard palate, instead of lateral relaxing incisions, a 1-line mucoperiosteal incision along the cleft margins was designed with subperiosteal undermining in the entire palatine bone. The palatal mucoperiosteum was sutured together in the middle of the cleft, and the cleft was directly closed without lateral relaxing incisions. The patients were monitored for 6 months to 1.6 years.

Results:

None of the cases had issues concerning flap viability, and all palate repairs healed well. Postoperative results were satisfactory, without any complications such as dehiscence, perforation, or palatal fistula.

Conclusions:

The method presented in this article was effective, with successful palatal closure and without scar formation or mucosal defects along the alveolus. We conclude that minimum contracture of the hard palate was useful for not only mitigating adverse maxillary growth but also for orthodontics.
Determining the Trimming Layer in Breast Reconstruction with a Free TRAM Flap Using Intraoperative Video-angiography
Authors: Lee Sang Keon , Lee Dong Won , Lew Dae Hyun , Song Seung Yong
Published: March 2017

In breast reconstruction using a free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous or deep inferior epigastric perforator flap, the trimming process for the flap area, which is usually the upper portion of the reconstructed breast, is critical to creating a natural-looking breast. In this study, we investigated which subcutaneous fat layer of the abdominal flap benefited most from a well-maintained blood supply during the trimming process using intraoperative fluorescent angiography system in a cross-sectional view of the elevated abdominal flap. We concluded that, for cosmetic purposes, the deep subcutaneous fat layer (beneath Scarpa’s fascia) should be trimmed first to minimize fat necrosis due to fat ischemia.
FLORID NEOVASCULARIZATION OF THE RETINA IN A DIABETIC PATIENT UNDERGOING INDUCTION AND CONSOLIDATION THERAPY FOR ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: Rocke John R. , Clark J. Ben , Campbell Philip J. , Kurniawan Emil
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

To report on a 39-year-old gentleman with a background of Type 2 diabetes mellitus who was diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), which was treated by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and subsequently developed bilateral neovascularization of the disk (NVD).

Methods:

Ophthalmic examination and investigation including fundus photography and fluorescein angiography.

Results:

Three months after commencement of ATRA therapy, the patient was found to have florid bilateral NVD with adjacent preretinal and intraretinal hemorrhages. Fundus fluorescein angiography was undertaken and NVD was confirmed in both eyes, which was significantly greater than expected for the extent of disease secondary to diabetic retinopathy. As a result of the fluorescein angiography findings, we believe ATRA-mediated upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor may be the etiology of the NVD. Literature review shows some in vitro studies, which describe ATRA-induced upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular tissues. The patient was managed successfully by cessation of ATRA and a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in each eye.

Conclusion:

Acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with ATRA may result in upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in retinal tissues. Subsequent development of NVD may occur; however, this resolves well by cessation of ATRA and intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. We recommend that all patients undergoing treatment with ATRA for acute promyelocytic leukemia be monitored by an ophthalmologist.
Antegrade Cardioplegia Decannulation Using the Cor-Knot System in Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Hashim Sabet W. , Pang Philip Y.K.
Published: March 2017

A right mini-thoracotomy approach may be used for mitral valve repair without compromising clinical outcomes. Compared with conventional sternotomy, there is an increased distance to the cardiac structures from the mini-thoracotomy incision, which makes certain technical acts more demanding. One particular challenge is hemostasis at the antegrade cardioplegia cannula site. We propose a novel technique to remove an antegrade cardioplegia cannula using the COR-KNOT system. This technique negates the need for tying with a knot pusher and reduces the risk of aortic injury and troublesome bleeding.
Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Medicaid-covered Utilization of Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Wen Hefei , Hockenberry Jason M. , Borders Tyrone F. , Druss Benjamin G.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Buprenorphine has been proven effective in treating opioid use disorder. However, the high cost of buprenorphine and the limited prescribing capacity may restrict access to this effective medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder.

Objective:

To examine whether Medicaid expansion and physician prescribing capacity may have impacted buprenorphine utilization covered by Medicaid.

Research Design:

We used a quasi experimental difference-in-differences design to compare the pre-post changes in Medicaid-covered buprenorphine prescriptions and buprenorphine spending between the 26 states that implemented Medicaid expansions under the Affordable Care Act in 2014 and those that did not.

Subjects:

All Medicaid enrollees in the expansion states and the nonexpansion and late-expansion states.

Measures:

Quarterly Medicaid prescriptions for buprenorphine and spending on buprenorphine from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicaid Drug Utilization files 2011 to 2014.

Results:

State implementation of Medicaid expansions in 2014 was associated with a 70% increase (P<0.05) in Medicaid-covered buprenorphine prescriptions and a 50% increase (P<0.05) in buprenorphine spending. Physician prescribing capacity was also associated with increased buprenorphine utilization.

Conclusions:

Medicaid expansion has the potential to reduce the financial barriers to buprenorphine utilization and improve access to medication-assisted treatment of opioid use disorder. Active physician participation in the provision of buprenorphine is needed for ensuring that Medicaid expansion achieves its full potential in improving treatment access.
Comparing Affiliate Stigma Between Family Caregivers of People With Different Severe Mental Illness in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chih-Cheng , Yen Cheng-Fang , Jang Fong-Lin , Su Jian-An , Lin Chung-Ying
Published: March 2017

The family caregivers of people with mental illness may internalize the public stereotypes into the affiliate stigma (i.e., the self-stigma of family members). This study aimed to compare the affiliate stigma across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, and to investigate potential factors associated with affiliate stigma. Each caregiver of family members with schizophrenia (n = 215), bipolar disorder (n = 85), and major depressive disorder (n = 159) completed the Affiliate Stigma Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Caregiver Burden Inventory, Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. After controlling for potential confounders, the hierarchical regression models showed that caregivers of a family member with schizophrenia had a higher level of affiliate stigma than those of bipolar disorder (β = −0.109; p < 0.05) and major depressive disorder (β = −0.230; p < 0.001). Self-esteem, developmental burden, and emotional burden were significant factors for affiliate stigma. The affiliate stigma of caregivers is associated with their self-esteem, caregiver burden, and by the diagnosis.
SMARCB1 (INI-1)-deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma
Authors: Agaimy Abbas , Hartmann Arndt , Antonescu Cristina R. , Chiosea Simion I. , El-Mofty Samir K. , Geddert Helene , Iro Heinrich , Lewis James S. , Märkl Bruno , Mills Stacey E. , Riener Marc-Oliver , Robertson Thomas , Sandison Ann , Semrau Sabine , Simpson Roderick H.W. , Stelow Edward , Westra William H. , Bishop Justin A.
Published: March 2017

To more fully characterize the clinical and pathologic spectrum of a recently described tumor entity of the sinonasal tract characterized by loss of nuclear expression of SMARCB1 (INI1), we analyzed 39 SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinomas collected from multiple medical centers. The tumors affected 23 males and 16 females with an age range of 19 to 89 years (median, 52). All patients presented with locally advanced disease (T3, n=5; T4, n=27) involving the sinuses (mainly ethmoid) with variable involvement of the nasal cavity. Thirty patients received surgery and/or radiochemotherapy with curative intent. At last follow-up, 56% of patients died of disease 0 to 102 months after diagnosis (median, 15), 2 were alive with disease, and 1 died of an unrelated cause. Only 9 patients (30%) were alive without disease at last follow-up (range, 11 to 115 mo; median, 26). The original diagnosis of retrospectively identified cases was most often sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (n=14) and nonkeratinizing/basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (n=5). Histologically, most tumors displayed either a predominantly basaloid (61%) or plasmacytoid/rhabdoid morphology (36%). The plasmacytoid/rhabdoid form consisted of sheets of tumor cells with abundant, eccentrically placed eosinophilic cytoplasm, whereas similar cells were typically rare and singly distributed in the basaloid variant. Glandular differentiation was seen in a few tumors. None of the cases showed squamous differentiation or surface dysplasia. By immunohistochemistry, the tumors were positive for pancytokeratin (97%), CK5 (64%), p63 (55%), and CK7 (48%); and they were negative for NUT (0%). Epstein-Barr virus and high-risk human papillomavirus was not detected by in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemical loss of SMARCB1 (INI1) expression was confirmed for all 39 tumors. Investigation of other proteins in the SWI/SNF complex revealed co-loss of SMARCA2 in 4 cases, but none were SMARCA4 deficient or ARID1A deficient. Of 27 tumors with SMARCB1 fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, 14 showed homozygous (biallelic) deletions and 7 showed heterozygous (monoallelic) deletions. SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma represents an emerging poorly differentiated/undifferentiated sinonasal carcinoma that (1) cannot be better classified as another specific tumor type, (2) has consistent histopathologic findings (albeit with some variability) with varying proportions of plasmacytoid/rhabdoid cells, and (3) demonstrates an aggressive clinical course. This entity should be considered in any difficult-to-classify sinonasal carcinoma, as correct diagnosis will be mandatory for optimizing therapy and for further delineation of this likely underdiagnosed disease.
GATA3 Positivity in Benign Radiated Prostate Glands
Authors: Wobker Sara E. , Khararjian Armen , Epstein Jonathan I.
Published: March 2017

Histologic changes following radiation therapy to the prostate include multilayering of glands, atrophy, squamous metaplasia, and often marked random nuclear atypia. We have seen multiple consultation cases where the differential diagnosis of these radiated prostate glands included urothelial carcinoma, with multilayered to solid-appearing proliferations that were positive by immunohistochemistry for GATA3. To formally investigate this issue, 30 cases of benign prostate tissue with radiation atypia, from 1990 to 2015, were obtained from our institution. Cases were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for the prostate-specific markers prostate-specific antigen (PSA), P501S (Prostein), and NKX3.1 and urothelial markers GATA3 and uroplakin 2. GATA3 was positive in 100% of cases, with 70% showing moderately strong to strong staining in a mostly patchy manner within a gland. PSA was positive in 93.3% of cases, with 89.2% showing moderately strong to strong staining in a mostly diffuse manner. P501S was positive in 96.7% of cases, with 93.1% showing moderately strong to strong staining in a mostly patchy manner. NKX3.1 was positive in 82.8% of cases, with 33.3% showing moderately strong to strong staining in a mostly patchy manner. Uroplakin 2 was negative in 100% of cases. Our findings highlight that GATA3 is often positive in benign prostate glands with radiation atypia, which along with the morphologic features present a pitfall for the misdiagnosis of urothelial carcinoma. A combination of PSA and P501S is the best prostate-specific panel for use in radiated prostate, with the caveat that they are often patchy and do not stain all radiated glands.
MYC Protein–positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Features an Activated B-Cell Receptor Signal Pathway
Authors: Wang Wei-Ge , Jiang Xiang-Nan , Liu Ze-Bing , Zhou Xiao-Yan , Li Xiao-Qiu
Published: March 2017

Components of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway represent promising therapeutic targets in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and other B-cell malignancies. MYC, a transcriptional factor and oncoprotein, is overexpressed in a fraction of DLBCL and indicates poor prognosis and aggressive clinical course when treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). However, BCR signaling status in MYC-positive DLBCL cases and the potential efficacy of BCR signal inhibitors in treating this aggressive disease are unknown. To further elucidate the BCR signaling pathway in MYC-positive DLBCL, we analyzed the levels of BCR-associated genes according to MYC gene status, detected phosphorylated protein with primary DLBCL samples, and estimated the patient survival with MYC expression. In addition, we manipulated MYC gene expression and tested its effects on BCR signaling in vitro. We found that CD19, SYK, and BLK were highly expressed in DLBCL with MYC gene overexpression. MYC-positive DLBCL had higher levels of pSYK and pBLK, but only pSYK level correlated with patient survival. The in vitro studies demonstrated that overexpression of the MYC gene augmented BCR signaling, whereas MYC gene knockdown attenuated BCR signaling. Thus, MYC protein–positive DLBCL features highly activated BCR signaling and may represent a potential candidate for BCR inhibitor therapy.
Histopathologic Features of Colitis Due to Immunotherapy With Anti-PD-1 Antibodies
Authors: Chen Jonathan H. , Pezhouh Maryam K. , Lauwers Gregory Y. , Masia Ricard
Published: March 2017

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blocking agents are novel immunotherapeutics used for treatment of advanced-stage malignancies. They have shown promise in the treatment of several malignancies, with greater efficacy and better tolerability than cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blocking agents. However, as with anti-CTLA-4 agents, clinically significant colitis remains an important complication. Although there is growing awareness of the histopathologic features of anti-CTLA-4 therapy, there is little information on the pathologic features of anti-PD-1 colitis. We describe here the histopathologic findings in 8 patients who developed colitis while on anti-PD-1 monotherapy. The most common pattern of injury observed (5/8 cases) was an active colitis with neutrophilic crypt microabscesses and with prominent crypt epithelial cell apoptosis and crypt atrophy/dropout. These latter features are reminiscent of other colitides with prominent apoptosis such as acute graft-versus-host disease or certain drug-induced colitides. The remainder of cases (3/8) showed a lymphocytic colitis-like pattern, characterized by increased intraepithelial lymphocytes and surface epithelial injury. Apoptosis was also often increased in these cases but crypt atrophy/dropout was not present. In patients who experienced recurrence of anti-PD-1 colitis, histologic features were similar to the initial insult but, in addition, features of chronicity developed that mimicked inflammatory bowel disease (basal lymphoplasmacytosis and crypt architectural irregularity, and Paneth cell metaplasia in 1 case). Awareness of the clinical scenario, however, should allow pathologists to suggest anti-PD-1 colitis. Interestingly, recurrent colitis was observed in patients who had been off anti-PD-1 therapy for many months. As anti-PD-1 agents are increasingly used in oncology, we present this series to increase awareness of anti-PD-1 colitis among pathologists, to facilitate its timely diagnosis and treatment.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (5 and 10 Hz) With Modified Parameters in the Treatment of Resistant Unipolar and Bipolar Depression in a Private Practice Setting
Authors: RACHID FADY , MOEGLIN CLOTILDE , SENTISSI OTHMAN
Published: March 2017

Background:

A limited number of studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of resistant depression in an outpatient private practice setting. We hypothesized that rTMS would be safe and effective in the treatment of resistant depression in a nonresearch population.

Methods:

We treated 22 outpatients with unipolar or bipolar depression who were experiencing a moderate to severe treatment-resistant major depressive episode (MDE). Treatment was based on a flexible dose schedule of either 5 Hz or 10 Hz rTMS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with modified parameters. Assessments were performed at baseline, then on a weekly basis. The patients had received at least 2 trials of antidepressant medication of an adequate dose and duration without satisfactory improvement in the index MDE.

Results:

There was a significant change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores from baseline (29.14±5.85) to the end of week 4 (16.27±11.20); 50.00% (11/22) were responders and 40.9% (9/22) achieved remission. No major side effects were observed aside from mild headache in some patients.

Conclusions:

rTMS applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was safe and effective in an important subset of outpatients with a moderate to severe MDE in a naturalistic setting. Outcomes demonstrated response rates similar to research populations. Further larger studies are needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness of rTMS in naturalistic conditions.
Borderline or Schizotypal? Differential Psychodynamic Assessment in Severe Personality Disorders
Authors: VAN RIEL LAURA , INGENHOVEN THEO J.M. , VAN DAM QUIN D. , POLAK MARIKE G. , VOLLEMA MEINTE G. , WILLEMS ANNE E. , BERGHUIS HAN , VAN MEGEN HAROLD
Published: March 2017

Considerable overlap in symptoms between patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizotypal personality disorder (STPD) complicates personality diagnostics. Yet very little is known about the level of psychodynamic functioning of both personality disorders. Psychodynamic assessment procedures may specify personality characteristics relevant for differential diagnosis and treatment planning. In this cross-sectional study we explored the differences and similarities in level of personality functioning and psychodynamic features of patients with severe BPD or STPD. In total, 25 patients with BPD and 13 patients with STPD were compared regarding their level of personality functioning (General Assessment of Personality Disorder), current quasipsychotic features (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire), and psychodynamic functioning [Developmental Profile (DP) interview and Developmental Profile Inventory (DPI) questionnaire]. Both groups of patients showed equally severe impairments in the level of personality functioning and the presence of current quasipsychotic features. As assessed by the DP interview, significant differential psychodynamic patterns were found on the primitive levels of functioning. Moreover, subjects with BPD had significantly higher scores on the adaptive developmental levels. However, the self-questionnaire DPI was not able to elucidate all of these differences. In conclusion, our study found significant differences in psychodynamic functioning between patients with BPD and STPD as assessed with the DP interview. In complicated diagnostic cases, personality assessment by psychodynamic interviewing can enhance subtle but essential differentiation between BPD and STPD.
The Impact of Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: An Individual-Based Model
Authors: Kasaie Parastu , Pennington Jeff , Shah Maunank S. , Berry Stephen A. , German Danielle , Flynn Colin P. , Beyrer Chris , Dowdy David W.
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended for preventing HIV infection among individuals at high risk, including men who have sex with men (MSM). Although its individual-level efficacy is proven, questions remain regarding population-level impact of PrEP implementation.

Design:

We developed an agent-based simulation of HIV transmission among MSM, accounting for demographics, sexual contact network, HIV disease stage, and use of antiretroviral therapy. We use this framework to compare PrEP delivery strategies in terms of impact on HIV incidence and prevalence.

Results:

The projected reduction in HIV incidence achievable with PrEP reflects both population-level coverage and individual-level adherence (as a proportion of days protected against HIV transmission). For example, provision of PrEP to 40% of HIV-negative MSM reporting more than one sexual partner in the last 12 months, taken with sufficient adherence to provide protection on 40% of days, can reduce HIV incidence by 9.5% (95% uncertainty range: 8%–11%) within 5 years. However, if this could be increased to 80% coverage on 80% of days (eg, through mass campaigns with a long-acting injectable formulation), a 43% (42%–44%) reduction in HIV incidence could be achieved. Delivering PrEP to MSM at high risk for HIV acquisition can augment population-level impact up to 1.8-fold.

Conclusions:

If highly ambitious targets for coverage and adherence can be achieved, PrEP can substantially reduce HIV incidence in the short-term. Although the reduction in HIV incidence largely reflects the proportion of person-years protected, the efficiency of PrEP delivery can be enhanced by targeting high-risk populations.
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Ourmiavirus
Authors: Turina Massimo , Hillman Brad I , Izadpanah Keramat , Rastgou Mina , Rosa Cristina ,   ICTV Report Consortium
Published: March 2017

Members of the plant virus genus Ourmiavirus are characterized by having non-enveloped bacilliform virions with a series of discrete lengths from 30 to 62 nm composed of a single coat protein (CP). The genome consists of three positive-sense single-stranded RNAs, each encoding a single protein. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has closest similarity to that of viruses from the family Narnaviridae; the movement protein (MP) is similar to the MPs of tombusviruses; the CP shows limited similarity to the CPs of several plant and animal viruses. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the genus Ourmiavirus, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/ourmiavirus.
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Geminiviridae
Authors: Zerbini F. Murilo , Briddon Rob W , Idris Ali , Martin Darren P , Moriones Enrique , Navas-Castillo Jesús , Rivera-Bustamante Rafael , Roumagnac Philippe , Varsani Arvind ,   ICTV Report Consortium
Published: March 2017

The geminiviruses are a family of small, non-enveloped viruses with single-stranded, circular DNA genomes of 2500–5200 bases. Geminiviruses are transmitted by various types of insect (whiteflies, leafhoppers, treehoppers and aphids). Members of the genus Begomovirus are transmitted by whiteflies, those in the genera Becurtovirus, Curtovirus, Grablovirus, Mastrevirus and Turncurtovirus are transmitted by specific leafhoppers, the single member of the genus Topocuvirus is transmitted by a treehopper and one member of the genus Capulavirus is transmitted by an aphid. Geminiviruses are plant pathogens causing economically important diseases in most tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Geminiviridae which is available at www.ictv.global/report/geminiviridae.
Feeding schedule and proteolysis regulate autophagic clearance of mutant huntingtin
Authors: Ehrnhoefer Dagmar E , Martin Dale DO , Qiu Xiaofan , Ladha Safia , Caron Nicholas S , Skotte Niels H , Nguyen Yen TN , Engemann Sabine , Franciosi Sonia , Hayden Michael R
Published: March 2017

The expression of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) causes Huntington disease (HD), and lowering its levels is therefore an attractive therapeutic strategy. Here we show that scheduled feeding significantly decreases mHTT protein levels through enhanced autophagy in the CNS of an HD mouse model, while short term fasting is sufficient to observe similar effects in peripheral tissue. Furthermore, preventing proteolysis at the caspase-6 cleavage site D586 (C6R) makes mHTT a better substrate for autophagy, additionally increasing its clearance. Mice expressing mutant C6R also exhibit increased autophagy at baseline compared to an HD model with cleavable mHTT, suggesting that the native function of HTT in promoting autophagy is disrupted upon cleavage and re-established by prevention of cleavage by caspase-6. In HD patients, mHTT clearance and autophagy may therefore become increasingly impaired as a function of age and disease stage by gradually increased activity of mHTT-processing enzymes.
A new method for quantitative phase analysis using X-ray powder diffraction: direct derivation of weight fractions from observed integrated intensities and chemical compositions of individual phases. Corrigendum
Authors: Toraya Hideo
Published: March 2017

Erroneous equations in the paper by Toraya [J. Appl. Cryst. (2016), 49, 1508–1516] are corrected.
A new tecton with parallel halogen-bond donors: a path to supramolecular rectangles
Authors: Wijethunga Tharanga K. , Đaković Marijana , Desper John , Aakeröy Christer B.
Published: March 2017

A new tecton, 1,8-diiodoethynylanthracene, with two halogen-bond donor sites was synthesized and characterized. This tecton is capable of forming two parallel halogen bonds at once, which makes it a useful building block for the construction of a variety of supramolecular squares and rectangles.
Characterization of fluorine-centred `F...O' σ-hole interactions in the solid state
Authors: Sirohiwal Abhishek , Hathwar Venkatesha R. , Dey Dhananjay , Regunathan Roshni , Chopra Deepak
Published: March 2017

In the current study, the crystal structure of 1-(3-nitrophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone (A1) and (E)-4-((4-fluorophenyl) diazenyl)phenol (A2) has been analyzed for the characterization of the presence of a `unique' and `rare' intermolecular C(sp3/sp2)—F...O contact, which has been observed to play a significant role in the crystal packing. Theoretical charge-density calculations have been performed to study the nature and strength associated with the existence of this intermolecular F...O contact, wherein the F atom is attached to ansp3-hybridized C atom in the case of A1 and to ansp2hybridized carbon in the case of A2. The crystal packing of the former contains two `electronically different' Csp3—F...O contacts which are present across and in between the layers of molecules. In the latter case, it is characterized by the presence of a very `short' (2.708 Å) and `highly directional' (168° at ∠C4—F1...O1 and 174° at ∠C10—O1...F1) Csp2—F...O contact. According to the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) study, it is a rare example in molecular crystals. Topological features of F...O contacts in the solid state were compared with the gas-phase models. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional static deformation density obtained from theoretical multipole modeling confirm the presence of a charge depleted region on the F atoms. Minimization of the electrostatic repulsion between like charges are observed through subtle arrangements in the electronic environment in two of the short intermolecular F...O contacts. These contacts were investigated using inputs from pair energy decomposition analysis, Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), Hirshfeld surface analysis, delocalization index, reduced density gradient (RDG) plot, electrostatic potential surface and distributed atomic polarizability. The intermolecular energy decomposition (PIXEL) and RDG–NCI (non-covalent interaction) analysis of the F...O contacts establish the interaction to be dispersive in nature. The mutual polarization of an O atom by fluorine andviceversaprovides real physical insights into the role of atomic polarizability in interacting atoms in molecules in crystals.
AC induction heating of ferromagnetic slabs saturated with a DC field
Authors: Fabbri Massimo , Morandi Antonio
Published: March 2017

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of saturated AC heating of magnetic metals. In AC heating of magnetic steel below the Curie temperature, because of the high magnetic permeability, the penetration depth is in the order of 1-6 mm at 50 Hz. Surface heating is then obtained, in practice, if large slabs are processed. The necessity to provide the required surface-to-core temperature uniformity (about 25°C) at the end of the heating process, avoiding excessive thermal stresses which can lead to cracks, thus implies a long heating time.

Design/methodology/approach

The penetration depth can be increased if the material is brought to saturation by applying an external DC magnetic field, and a faster in-depth heating can be obtained. The DC saturating field can be produced with no losses over large volumes by means of superconducting (SC) coils.

Findings

The feasibility of in-depth induction heating of a 200 × 1,000 × 5,000 mm magnetic steel slab with an applied 2 T DC saturating field is numerically investigated. The results show that the use of a DC saturating field leads to shorter processes which fulfil the heating objectives.

Practical implications

A DC saturating field cannot be produced by means of copper coils because of the large amount of material and the unaffordable power required. However, this field can effectively be produced by means of SC magnets based on state-of-the-art materials.

Originality/value

Superconductivity may be the enabling technology for fast and efficient induction heating of magnetic steel slabs if the increase in productivity can balance the additional costs due to the SC magnet.
Design of power converters for induction heating applications taking advantage of wide-bandgap semiconductors
Authors: Lucia Oscar , Sarnago Hector , Burdio José M.
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductors have emerged as a disruptive technology in the power electronics sphere. This paper aims to analyse and discuss the importance for induction heating systems and gives some examples and highlights some future design trends and perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach

The benefits of WBG semiconductors are reviewed with a special emphasis on induction heating applications.

Findings

WBG devices enable the design of higher-performance induction heating power supplies. A significant selection of the reported converters is discussed, highlighting the benefits of this technology.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the benefits of WBG semiconductors and their potential to change and improve induction heating technology in the next years.
Nonlinear model order reduction for the fast solution of induction heating problems in time-domain
Authors: Codecasa Lorenzo , Moro Federico , Alotto Piergiorgio
Published: March 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a fast and accurate simulation of large-scale induction heating problems by using nonlinear reduced-order models.

Design/methodology/approach

A projection space for model order reduction (MOR) is quickly generated from the first kernels of Volterra’s series to the problem solution. The nonlinear reduced model can be solved with time-harmonic phasor approximation, as the nonlinear quadratic structure of the full problem is preserved by the projection.

Findings

The solution of induction heating problems is still computationally expensive, even with a time-harmonic eddy current approximation. Numerical results show that the construction of the nonlinear reduced model has a computational cost which is orders of magnitude smaller than that required for the solution of the full problem.

Research limitations/implications

Only linear magnetic materials are considered in the present formulation.

Practical implications

The proposed MOR approach is suitable for the solution of industrial problems with a computing time which is orders of magnitude smaller than that required for the full unreduced problem, solved by traditional discretization methods such as finite element method.

Originality/value

The most common technique for MOR is the proper orthogonal decomposition. It requires solving the full nonlinear problem several times. The present MOR approach can be built directly at a negligible computational cost instead. From the reduced model, magnetic and temperature fields can be accurately reconstructed in whole time and space domains.
Construction improvement of the thermoelastic clutch based on shape optimization
Authors: Koudela Lukáš , Kotlan Václav , Doležel Ivo
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The paper aims to deal with shape optimization of a novel thermoelastic clutch working on the principle of induction heating. The clutch consists of a driving part, with a ferromagnetic ring, and a driven part. The driving part rotates in a static field produced by appropriately arranged static permanent magnet. Currents induced in the rotating ferromagnetic ring cause its temperature to rise and increase its internal and external radii. As soon as its external diameter reaches the diameter of head of the driven part, it starts also rotating because of mechanical friction between both parts.

Design/methodology/approach

Presented is the complete mathematical model of the device, taking into account all relevant nonlinearities (saturation curve of the processed steel material and temperature dependences of its physical parameters). The forward solution is realized by the finite element method, and the shape optimization is solved using heuristic algorithms.

Findings

The clutch was found to be fully functional and may be used in applications with limited access into the device.

Research limitations/implications

The coefficient of expansion of material of the driven part must be substantially lower than the same coefficient of the driving part to keep the necessary friction torque. The clutch can be only used in applications where higher temperatures (such as 300°C) are not dangerous to the environment.

Practical implications

The presented model and methodology of its solution may represent a basis for design of devices for transfer of generally mechanical forces and torques.

Originality/value

This paper presents an idea of induction-produced thermoelastic connection of two parts capable of transferring mechanical forces and torques.
Teaching multicultural awareness and mentoring minority students
Authors: Pierce Latoya Anderson
Published: March 2017

Purpose

This paper includes a proposed model for working with diverse students both in the classroom and as faculty mentors. This paper aims to provide guidelines on creating a collaborative learning community, helping students engage in cultural self-awareness and mentoring minority students.

Design/methodology/approach

As a conceptual piece, this manuscript is a working model which has been implemented in instructor pedagogy for the past five years.

Findings

Support for this model primarily comes from student evaluations and feedback.

Originality/value

This manuscript will provide valuable teaching tools and insight into multicultural pedagogy.
Assessment of the quality of water resources in coastal urban lands of two small catchment rivers, Southwest India
Authors: Krishnakumar A. , Das Revathy , Puthalath Saranya
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the ground water quality and salinity issues in the fast developing coastal urban lands of two river basins of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, South India.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to address the water quality of the basins, field sampling was conducted and the samples were analysed in the laboratory. A comparison with water quality standards was also made and the interpretations of the results were done using GIS and statistical tools.

Findings

The values of conductivity, chlorides and salinity show that the coastal areas of Neyyar and Karamana basins are severely affected by salinity intrusion in addition to the pollution problems. More than 90 per cent of the samples are with hardness lower than 100 mg/l. About 70 per cent of the study area is with calcium concentrations lower than 25 mg/l. The content of sulphate and magnesium in Poovar and Poonthura coastal stretches is found to be higher compared to other regions.

Originality/value

Since not much work has been published from the study area on these aspects, the hydrochemical characterization is a very important in deciphering the quality of ground water for its proper management. The water quality evaluation and salinity intrusion studies are very important for the future planning and development of this area.
Alternative tourism forms: the example of Drymia in Eastern Macedonia – Thrace District
Authors: Lantitsou Konstantina
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to document the contribution of alternative forms of tourism in the eco-development of mountain areas with rich natural and cultural environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper follows two methods: first, bibliographical research and second, personal fieldwork and study which included interviews with the local body and citizens; collection of information from public agencies; research of the particular characteristics of the natural and cultural environment and registration of socioeconomic activities; visits in the villages, photographing of landscapes and traditional houses and data from the author’s participation in the research program “Possibilities of a self-reliant local development, respecting the environment“, which refers to the mountainous region of Xanthi Prefecture District and with the involvement of Greek and German scientists.

Findings

The utilization of the existing tourism resources of the region with ecological perception, combined with the excellent management of the two national parks, will contribute to eco-agritourism in the eco-development of the area. The ecological center in Drymia, with its completion and expansion to a European Ecological Centre, in direct connection with the national parks, will contribute significantly to the attraction of Greek and European researchers and eco-agritourists.

Originality/value

The scientific community has not thoroughly studied the region of Drymia, which presents unique ecological interest in Greece and Europe.
Sustainable R&D and innovation system comparisons of India, Russia, Mexico and Turkey
Authors: Kılkış Şiir
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to define and measure the outputs of a specific kind of innovation system, namely a sustainability-oriented innovation system (SoIS) for India, Russia, Mexico, and Turkey, with a view to compare and draw best practises for other emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach

In a mixed methods design, the research work combines qualitative assessments based on support mechanisms with quantitative analyses based on the outputs of papers and patents in a set of 25 main keywords and related patent codes.

Findings

The SoIS for the four countries are defined based on 40 support mechanisms in the six main activities or functional dynamics of innovation systems. In an 11-year timeframe between 2003 and 2014, the output analyses consisted of 42,812 papers in the Scopus database and 3,483 patents in the World Intellectual Property Organization PatentScope database. Best practices were further identified and used to make a set of five key recommendations toward activating SoIS.

Practical implications

The synergy of each functional dynamic is necessary to maximize the outputs of SoIS and transform knowledge into societal benefit for sustainable development. Best practises include dedicated research initiatives in sustainability priorities.

Originality/value

The paper bridges a gap in developing and applying a method to identify, compare, and measure the performance of SoIS. The results are useful to activate SoIS to accelerate the pace of research, development and innovation for better managing environmental quality.
Sheriff’s deputies and police officers: comparing their views
Authors: McCarty William P. , Dewald Stacy
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to compare views of the community, views of the organization head, and perceptions of organizational justice between deputies working in sheriff’s offices and officers working in municipal police departments.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used surveys of 2,012 sworn deputies representing 19 full-service county sheriff’s offices and 10,590 sworn officers representing 70 municipal police departments. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare the three dependent variables between sheriff’s offices and municipal police departments.

Findings

Deputies in sheriff’s offices expressed more positive views of the community and organization head, and more favorable perceptions of organizational justice than officers in municipal police departments. Regression analyses indicated that views of the organization head and perceptions of organizational justice remained significantly more positive in sheriff’s offices than municipal departments, even after controlling for agency size and concentrated disadvantage.

Research limitations/implications

The sample of agencies should not be considered as a representative of all sheriff’s offices and municipal police departments in the USA. The number and scope of agency-level variables included in the regression models were limited.

Practical implications

The results suggest the importance of ensuring more equitable systems of rewards and organization heads taking steps to communicate more effectively with sworn personnel, especially in municipal departments.

Originality/value

By its focus on sheriff’s offices, the study broadens knowledge of law enforcement agencies and sworn personnel, which is usually based on studies of municipal police departments and officers.
Putting H.E.A.R.T. into policing: a 21st century model for effective and fair policing
Authors: Posick Chad , Hatfield Heather
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Police-community relations are currently at a cross-road. Incidents over the past several years have severely damaged trust and faith in the police – particularly in minority communities. Society is faced with the choice of accepting an “us-vs-them” mentality with police on one side and citizens on the other or banding together to advance police-community coproduction in reducing violence. The purpose of this paper is to advance the latter by introducing a model for police to follow in police-citizen interactions in an effort to increase perceptions of fairness and legitimacy of police officers and police departments.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data from the National Police Research Platform’s Police-Community Interaction Survey, correlates of perceptions of fairness in police-community encounters as well as variation in agency-level fairness across 53 jurisdictions are examined.

Findings

Results show that application of the H.E.A.R.T. medical model is the most significant and substantial correlate of perceived fairness of police-community interactions and accounts for agency-level differences in perceived fairness.

Originality/value

The results highlight important ways that police can improve their image in the community and with minority communities in particular.