bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETEKSI TURNIP MOSAIC VIRUS PADA JARINGAN BENIH DAN DAUN
Authors: Kartiningtyas Kartiningtyas , Hendrastuti Hidayat Sri
Published: January 2021

Detection of Turnip mosaic virus in seed and leaf tissue. The study was conducted to test the seed transmission efficiency of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) on caisin (Brassica rapa) and the susceptibility of plant to the virus at different ages.  Two detection techniques, ELISA and RT-PCR,  were used to determine the more appropriate method for detection of TuMV. Two different sources of seeds involved those from farmer and commercial seeds were collected from West Java and Central Java.   TuMV was inoculated on test plants at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after transplanting.  Infected plants were confirmed using ELISA and RT-PCR techniques with specific antiserum and primer.  TuMV was detected from farmer seeds originated from Ciherang and Cinangneng with percent infection of 15% and 2% , respectively.  Plant growth and symptom development were affected by time of infection.  In general, TuMV infection caused symptoms, mosaic, malformation, vein clearing, and blister on the leaf.  The youngest plants were more susseptble and shown more severe symptoms.  Absorbent value of ELISA from infected plants was in the range of 2.1 – 2.4.  Spesific DNA band, 800 bp, was amplified from infected plants.
TRANSGENE IDENTITY AND NUMBER OF INTEGRATION SITES AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH RESISTANCE TO PStV IN TRANSGENIC PEANUTS CARRYING PEANUT STRIPE VIRUS (PStV) COAT PROTEIN GENE
Authors: Hapsoro Dwi , Aswidinnoor Hajrial , Suseno Rusmilah , Jumanto Jumanto , Sudarsono Sudarsono
Published: January 2021

Transgene Identity and Number of Integration Sites and Their Correlation with Resistance To PStV in Transgenic Peanuts Carrying Peanut Stripe Virus (PStV) Coat Protein Gene. This research aimed to determine (1) the identity and copy number of PStV cp gene in transgenic peanut plants carrying PStV cp gene and (2) correlation between the identity and the number of integration sites and resistance to PStV infection.  One T0 transgenic peanut was selfed up to five generations. T2, T3, and T5 plants were mechanically inoculated with PStV. Samples of T5 plants derived from several different T4 plants were subjected to Southern analysis to confirm the integration of PStV cp gene and to determine its identity and copy number. The Southern analysis showed three bands of different size, i.e. 1.1 kb, 1.3 kb, and 5.8 kb. Most of the lines of T5 generation have one insertion site, suggesting that the three insertion sites were located in different loci. Based on the phenotypic data, the transgenes of 1.1 kb and 1.3 kb were functional, resulting in resistant or recovery phenotype, while that of 5.8 kb was not functional. Copy number apparently had no effects on the phenotypes.
PATOGENISITAS BAKTERI LAYU PISANG (RALSTONIA SP.) PADA BEBERAPA TANAMAN LAIN
Authors: Aeny Titik Nur
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTPathogenicity of banana wilt  bacteria (Ralstonia sp.) on  several other  plants.  This experiment was conducted to investigate the pathogenicity of bacterial wilt of banana pathogen (Ralstonia sp.) isolated from infected plants in Lampung on tomato, chili pepper, eggplant, and ginger.  The experiment was conducted in Laboratory of Plant Protection Department,  Faculty of Agricultural University of Lampung, from May 1999 to February 2000.  Treatments in this experiment were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were tomato, eggplant, chili pepper, and  ginger.  Banana was used as the control. The results of this experiment showed that up to 30 days after inoculation, the bacteria isolated from banana found  in Lampung was not able to cause symptom on tomato,  chili pepper, eggplant, nor ginger. However, this bacteria caused wilting on banana eight days after inoculation; the incubation period of this bacteria on banana was eight days.
RESPON BEBERAPA GENOTIPE KEDELAI TERHADAP INFEKSI CPMMV (COWPEA MILD MOTTLE VIRUS)
Authors: Mat Akin Hasriadi
Published: January 2021

Response of various soybean genotipes against cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) infection. The green house experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of CPMMV infection on growth and yield of various soybean varieties. Treatments were arranged in completely randomized block design in split plot experiment. Mainplots were virus-inoculated and uninoculated plants; subplots were eight soybean varieties: Wilis, Orba, MLG 2521, Taichung, B 3570, Dieng, Tidar, and Pangrango.  The results of this experiment showed that CPMMV infection decreased vegetative growth and yield of soybean plant.  The decrease of dry weigth of soybean plant proved that CPMMV infection inhibited the vegetative growth.  Taichung variety susceptible to CPMMV was indicated by significant reduction of the growth and yield. B3570 line tolerance to CPMMV infection was proved by lower reduction of the yield.
KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT BERCAK DAUN LAMBAT (CERCOSPORIDIUM PERSONATUM) DAN KARAKTER AGRONOMI KACANG TANAH FAMILI F5 KETURUNAN PERSILANGAN KELINCI x SOUTHERN RUNNER
Authors: Dwi Utomo Setyo , Setiowati Ety , Mat Akin Hasriadi
Published: January 2021

The resistance to late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) and agronomic characters of peanut F5 families derived from crosses between Kelinci x Southern Runner.  Late leafspot disease in peanut can be controlled by planting resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of nine F5 families derived from crosses between Kelinci and Southern Runner. Gajah, Kelinci, Panter, and Southern Runner were used as controls.  Experiments was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The resistance was evaluated based on the score of disease severity. The results indicated that F5 families of K/SR-2 and K/SR-9 were more resistant to late leafspot and yielded higher than Gajah, Panter, and Kelinci.  Families K/SR-7 and K/SR-8 were tolerant to late leafspot.
KARAKTERISASI KUTU KEBUL (BEMISIA TABACI) SEBAGAI VEKTOR VIRUS GEMINI DENGAN TEKNIK PCR-RAPD
Authors: Sudiono Sudiono , Yasin Nur
Published: January 2021

Characterization of whitefly (Bemisia  tabaci) as geminivirus vector based on RAPD-PCR. The variation of whitefly was performed by the appearance of population having diferent DNA sequence.  PCR-RAPD and dendogram was expected to be used to investigate the variation of whitefly in Sumatera.  Morphological observation on the whitefly colleted from field area showed that the geminivirus-transmitting vector was Bemisia  tabaci with varied population.  Based on PCR-RAPD and dendogram analysis in Sumatera, it was known that Bemicia tabaci had a high variation both intra and inter field area.
SKRINING BAKTERI ANTAGONIS RALSTONIA SP., PENYEBAB PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI PISANG DI LAMPUNG
Authors: Nur Aeny Titik , Suharjo Radix , Mujim Subli
Published: January 2021

Screening on Antagonistic Bacteria of Ralstonia sp., the Causal Agent of Banana Bacterial Wilt in Lampung. This study was conducted on May to October 2006. This study was aimed to screen and collect potential bacterial antagonists toward Ralstonia sp., the causal agent of banana bacterial wilt; to identify the collected potential antagonists, and to test the capability of the bacterial antagonist in vitro. A survey to collect soil samples was conducted in 5 districts in Lampung, namely Bandar Lampung, Lampung Selatan, Tanggamus, Lampung Utara, Lampung Tengah, and Lampung Timur. Identification and test of the antagonistic capability was done in the Plant Disease Laboratory, University of Lampung. Identification of the antagonist bacteria was done through several biochemical tests i.e. : gram reaction, hypersensitive reaction on tobacco, oxidative-fermentative, colony color on YDC medium, fluoresence, nitrate reduction, gelatin reduction and starch hydrolise.  The results were then compared to the guidelines of bacterial identification. Twenty one soil samples were collected from those surveyed areas to isolate antagonist bacteria, and 104 isolates were found to be antagonistic to Ralstonia sp.. Based on the biochemical tests, it was showed that 59 isolates were in the group of fluorecent pseudomonad and 45 ones were still unidentified. Out of 104 isolates found, 41 isolates have the ability to inhibit the growth of Ralstonia sp.
KETAHANAN BEBERAPA KULTIVAR CABAI TERHADAP CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS DAN CHILLI VEINAL MOTTLE VIRUS
Authors: Taufik Muhammad , Hendrastuti Hidayat Sri , Sujiprihati Sriani , Suastika Gede , Mandang Sumaraw Sientje
Published: January 2021

Resistance Evaluation of Chillipepper Cultivars for Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus.  The use of resistance culivars is an important strategy for management of virus infection in chillipepper. A research was undergone to study the effect of single and mix infection of CMV and ChiVMV on the disease incidence and on the growth and yield of nine chillipepper cultivars, i.e. Cilibangi 4, Cilibangi 5, Cilibangi 6, Helem, Jatilaba, Tit Bulat, Tit Segitiga, Tit Super and Tampar. Mechanical inoculation was conducted to transmit the virus. Infection of the virus was then confirmed with DAS-ELISA.  In general, inoculated chillipepper cultivars developed similar symptoms, i.e. mosaic type for CMV and mottle type for ChiVMV.  More severe symptom was not always observed from mix infection of CMV and ChiVMV. Disease incidence occurred in the range of 16.67 – 86.0% and this caused 18.3 – 98.6% yield loss.  Based on symptom expression, ELISA result, and reduction on yield, it can be concluded that all chillipepper cultivars used in this study could not hold up the virus infection. However, several cultivars showed tolerance response :  Jatilaba, Tit Super, and Tampar for CMV; Cilibangi 4 for ChiVMV; Tit Super for mix infection; and Cilibangi 5 for CMV, ChiVMV, and mix infection.  Further evaluation and investigation involving different chillipepper cultivars should be conducted.
CONCEPT AND TYPES OF MEDIATION SET FORTH IN THE LEGISLATION AND EXPOUNDED IN THE LEGAL DOCTRINE IN RUSSIA, FRANCE, SPAIN, AND THE USA
Authors: VERSHININA E.V. , KONOVALOV D.V. , NOVIKOV V.S. , KHOKHLACHEVA S.V.
Published: January 2021

This article presents a scientific analysis of mediation based on legislation and legal doctrine of Russia, France, Spain, and the USA. This paper also explores different types of mediation. The concept and types of mediation have been researched repeatedly by scholars. However, a common understanding has not yet been achieved. The authors of the article carry out a comparative legal analysis of the concept and types of meditation in Russia, France, Spain, and the USA. The purpose of this article is to determine the legal nature and essential features of institute of mediation through the analysis of its various definitions set forth in the legislation and expounded in the respective legal doctrine in Russia, France, Spain, and the USA; to identify existing similarities and differences between those definitions and to carry out a comparative legal analysis of different types of mediation.
ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE INSTITUTION OF LEGAL COSTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LOSSES IN THE ASPECT OF MODERN LEGAL POLICY
Authors: AFANASIEV S.F.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the legal nature of legal costs in the context of domestic legal policy. The relevance of this study is evidenced by the lack of proper coverage and a more or less consistent understanding of this problem in legal science, which is inevitably extrapolated to the legislation and applied components of domestic legal life. In order to form a comprehensive idea of the institution of legal expenses, general scientific (logical (induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis), systemic and functional) and private law (historical-legal, formal-legal, comparative-legal) methods are used. It is argued that any presence of a right or its absence, violation or non-violation of it is established only through a formal jurisdictional process, as a result of which a person has expenses and the right to compensation in case of a positive outcome. It is stated that a legitimate fact for the submission of claims for the recovery of legal costs is not jus or some traditional conditions of civil circulation, but judicium and its legal force. It is noted that there is no direct causal connection between jus and the procedural institute of judicial expenses, but there is between satisfaction of actio and subsequent award of such expenses. It is concluded that legal costs do not correlate with the discovery of contractual or non-contractual obligations, as well as the need for compensation for harm to a person who suffered from a guilty act. Being an institute of civil procedural law, court costs are not recoverable not because of the indicated, but because of the administration of justice in a civil or administrative case and are directly dependent on its final outcome.
Islamic Leadership Accountability Of Umar Bin Abdulaziz: A Lessons Towards A Good Governance In Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Musaddad (Nasrawa State University, Nigeria) Aliyu , Mohammed Inuwa (Nasrawa State University, Nigeria) Abubakar
Published: January 2021

There is no doubt leadership has been given a tremendous place and a key positioning in Islam, Qur’an, Sunnah and the consensus of Ulama’u (Muslim scholars) have made it apparent about the necessity of leadership among the Muslim community. Most recently, the issue of leadership in Nigeria has become a major concern to the Nigerians. Whilst some research has been conducted to examine the solutions to Nigerian leadership, little attention has been paid to Islamic approaches of accountability which is the vital pillar of governance as the key towards sustainable leadership in Nigeria. This study therefore seeks to explore the lessons from leadership and accountability during the caliphate of Umar bin Abdulaziz (R.A) as a panacea to Nigerian Leaders.The methodology of the study relies on critical and comprehensive analysis of the existing published literature related to the topic. Hence, data collection is effected through the qualitative method. The findings of this study revealed that there are lots of lessons and wisdoms that Nigerian government could acquire from the history of caliphate Umar such as his reformations and innovations in governing the state as reflected in siyasah shar’iyyah which can be solution for practicing good governance in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended that fear of Allah and believing in accountability is the best option for leaders.Key words: Leadership, Islam, Model, Accountability, Good Governance.
Driving Forces and Lines of the Evolution of Rotating Electrical Machines. Part 1
Authors:   Drive Constructor, Norway, Matveev Alexey V.
Published: January 2021

The advent and development of such class of technical systems as electrical machines is only one element of those composing the technical progress, which, in turn, is one of elements composing the human civilization. Technical progress can be imaged as an entanglement of many «streams», each containing the development, putting in use, operation, and disappearance of a technical system. Technical progress is advanced through practical implementation of a multitude and variety of improvements. Any technical system is developed through embodying various ideas, which results in a change of a given system or development of a new system. An attempt is made to briefly describe all significant elements in the evolution of electrical machines (EMs). The role of large inventions and moderate improvements is shown; examples of evolution trends, patterns and lines are given; the evolution of EMs in the «supersystem-system-subsystem coordinate axes is described, and it is shown how applications determine the requirements for EMs. Examples of the evolution of the materials used in EMs are considered. The role of individuals, teams, and organizations is discussed. Particular examples of evolution lines are given, and the counterforces and limitations are described.
“KUE” DARI SITUS GUNUNG SUSURU SEBAGAI JEJAK TEKNOLOGI MASA BERCOCOK TANAM
Authors:   Balai Arkeologi Jawa Barat, Widyastuti Endang , Saptono Nanang , Rusyanti Rusyanti
Published: January 2021

Kebudayaan Austronesia merupakan budaya yang didukung oleh sekelompok orang awalnya menetap di suatu wilayah tertentu yang kemudian melakukan perjalanan ke berbagai wilayah lainnya dalam rentang area yang sangat luas. Di Kepulauan Indonesia kontak dengan budaya austronesia telah terjadi pada masa bercocok tanam. Bentuk budaya tersebut dalam aspek teknologi diantaranya menyangkut teknologi gerabah dan pengolahan kulit kayu. Dalam penelitian yang pernah dilakukan di Gunung Susuru kawasan Kertabumi, ditemukan artefak berbahan terakota dengan bentuk yang unik dan terdapat beragam goresan di permukaannya. Terakota tersebut ditemukan dalam jumlah dan variasi bentuk serta hiasan yang cukup banyak. Masyarakat setempat menyebut artefak tersebut sebagai “kue”. Berdasarkan perbandingan bentuk melalui studi pustaka, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kaitan “kue” tersebut dengan teknologi gerabah dan pengolahan kulit kayu.
INTELLECTUALISM ABOUT KNOWLEDGE HOW AND SLIPS
Authors: FELIX Cathrine V.
Published: January 2021

This paper argues that slips present a problem for reductive intellectualism. Reductive intellectualists (e.g., Stanley and Williamson 2001; Stanley 2011, 2013; Brogaard 2011) argue that knowledge how is a form of knowledge that. Consequently, knowledge how must have the same epistemic properties as knowledge that. Slips show how knowledge how has epistemic properties not present in knowledge that. When an agent slips, she does something different from what she intended; nonetheless, the performance is guided by her knowledge how. This reveals a divide between the knowledge that actively guides behaviour: the knowledge how that the agent applies sub-consciously; and the knowledge how she intends to guide her behaviour in the first place, which she is under the illusion of acting on even as she slips. I argue that this divide between two levels of knowledge how operative in the slip case has no parallel when it comes to knowledge that. Therefore, knowledge how cannot be reduced to knowledge that.
CRITICAL HISTORY, SUBVERSION AND SELF-SUBVERSION: THE CURIOUS CASES OF JEAN MABILLON AND RICHARD SIMON (II/II)
Authors: LAZĂR Veronica
Published: January 2021

Jean Mabillon and Richard Simon were both eminent seventeenth-century scholars who practiced contextualizing critical philology in order to forge unbeatable scientifical instruments against the skeptics and reinforce the authority of historical documents. But Simon’s work produced a mutation of the meaning of authenticity that would prove subversive and would generate outrage. His sociological and institutionalist understanding of the history of sacred texts not only merged both their production and their transmission into a common, ontologically homogenous historical process, but also included a survey of the sociological and cultural circumstances that transformed the text into a real authority. Furthermore, this anti-essentialist understanding of the gradual formation of the text allowed a positive reevaluation of the tradition as a continuous practice aiming at keeping alive an already historical truth.
TINDAK TUTUR BAHASA JEPANG PADA MEDIA SOSIAL “INSTAGRAM” DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19: KAJIAN PRAGMATIK
Authors: Sarif S Irzam , Darmayanti Nani
Published: January 2021

AbstrakTindak tutur adalah aktivitas mengujarkan tuturan dengan maksud tertentu. Penelitian mengenai tindak tutur telah banyak dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya, namun jumlahnya masih terbatas yang mengkaji mengenai tindak tutur di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai jenis-jenis tindak tutur di media sosial Instagram pada masa Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan pragmatik dengan teori tindak tutur Searle (1979). Metode yang digunakan berupa deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan dari hasil analisis data, peneliti menemukan 3 jenis tindak tutur, yaitu 1) Tindak tutur direktif dengan implikatur membujuk dan menyemangati; 2) Tindak tutur representatif dengan implikatur memerintah dan memberi tantangan; 3) Tindak tutur ekspresif dengan implikatur menyemangati.Kata Kunci: Covid-19, Pragmatik, Tindak tutur  AbstractSpeech act is the activity of uttering speech with a specific purpose. Research on speech acts has been done by many researchers before, but the number is still limited that reviewed the speech acts during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study discussed the types of speech acts on Instagram social media during the Covid-19 period. This study used a pragmatic approach with Searle's speech act theory (1979). The method used is descriptive qualitative. Based on the results of data analysis, researcher found that 3 types of speech acts, namely 1) Directive speech acts with the implicature of persuading and encouraging; 2) Representative speech acts with the implicature of commanding and challenging; 3) Expressive speech acts with the implicature of encouraging.Keywords: Covid-19, Pragmatic, Speech act
Relación entre la capacidad cardiovascular y la capacidad de esprints repetidos en árbitros de fútbol de alto nivel
Authors: Rebolé M , Castillo D , Cámara J , Yanci J
Published: January 2021

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron por un lado, describir el rendimiento en una prueba de rendimiento cardiovascular realizada en laboratorio y en otra de esprints repetidos (RSA) en árbitros de fútbol de alto nivel, y por otro lado, analizar la asociación entre los resultados obtenidos en ambas pruebas. Doce árbitros de fútbol de alto nivel (Divisiones 1ª, 2ª y 2ª B, 28,8±5,1 años, 73,2±6,6 kg, 1,8±0,1 m 22,82±1,38 kg·m-2) participaron en el estudio. Los árbitros obtuvieron un consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max) de 59,50±4,56ml·kg-1·min-1. El tiempo medio de los esprints repetidos (RSAMedia) en 15 y 30 m fue de 2,54±0,09 s y 4,43±0,14 s, respectivamente, tardando 15,26±0,53 s y 26,60±0,82 s en completar los seis esprints (RSATotal). Los índices de fatiga en 15 y 30 m fueron de 2,25±1,05% y 3,33±1,59% (RSASdec) y de 3,45±2,92% y 6,31±4,63% (RSACambio).Se obtuvieron asociaciones positivas entre distintas variables cardiovasculares y de tiempo en RSA. Por el contrario, el consumo de oxígeno en las intensidades de umbral ventilarorio 1 (VT1) y  umbral ventilatorio 2 (VT2) correlacionó negativamente con el índice de fatiga RSASdec.Una mayor capacidad cardiovascular en árbitros de fútbol, a pesar de poder producir un efecto negativo sobre el tiempo empleado en el RSA, puede minimizar la fatiga durante los esprints repetidos.
Financial Potential Analysis of Forestry Enterprises of Ukraine on the Taxonomy Method Basis
Authors: Ievdokymov Viktor , Grytsyshen Dymytrii , Oliinyk Oksana , Dziubenko Oleg , Yukhymenko-Nazaruk Iryna
Published: January 2021

In the article the method of analysis of financial potential using taxonomy method has been developed as well as it has been tested on the basis of empirical data of Ukrainian forestry enterprises. The application of such a method made it possible to construct a rating assessment of a complex and multifactorial economic object – the financial potential, using algorithms of systematization to multidimensional quantities. The authors present the stages of application of analytical procedures for assessing the dynamics of taxonomic indicators of financial potential as well as for constructing the rating of the suggested business entities. An innovative model of financial potential of forestry enterprises is proposed, which will allow to identify the complex of properties of an object as a basis for forming a set of analytical procedures for assessing its state. The obtained results of the analysis can serve as the basis for constructing a management strategy to optimize the financial potential of the enterprise.
Recursive and Convergence Methodology of the Investment Management of the Enterprise Digitalization Processes
Authors: Tkachenko Volodymyr , Klymchuk Maryna , Tkachenko Iryna
Published: January 2021

The article investigates the problems of the investment management digital transformations at the enterprise, where the instrumental basis based on the system economic theory and integrated IT risk management theory are allocated. The purpose of the study is to develop a recursive and convergence methodology of the investment management of the enterprise digitalization processes. The components of the process of investment digitalization of enterprises are structurally reflected and a deterministic 5-component model of developing a recursive and convergence management methodology based on the digital economy is formed. It is determined that the recursive and conversion methodology is based on the understanding of investment management digital transformations at an enterprise as a complex system, characterized primarily by the diversity and heterogeneity of the constituent elements, numerous internal and external connections, which causes a variety of their interaction, changes in the composition and state of the system. The recursive model provides management of the investment of digitalization in the enterprise as a sequential transition between processes of one level only after all the cycles provided for the current process are implemented. However, such a coherent sequence is possible at the expense of effective information support of each process, which should be implemented on a convergence basis. The precondition for its implementation in the field of digital technologies is civilizational development, consequences of globalization and digitalization.
Modern Methods of Elimination of Lost Circulation in Directional Wells
Authors: Ivanova Tatiana N. , Żabińska Iwona
Published: January 2021

Losses of drilling mud and other fluids is the one of the major types of drilling troubles. Annual time losses for their elimination by oil and gas companies are huge. The factors, influencing the mud losses and regulating the direction of the further works, can be divided into two groups: geological and technological. Conducted studies on the use of an insulating composition based on chromium acetate made it possible to identify: the use of the insulation composition on the chrome acetate base allows considerable reduction of time required to eliminate disastrous circulation loss without installation of cement plugs; avoiding BHA replacement; avoiding drilling-in after bullheading and overlapping of lost-circulation layer; low cost, possibility of fast preparation, as it does not entail the delivery of additional chemicals, which also contributes to reduction of time required to eliminate disastrous circulation loss; the use with every type of drilling mud. Basing on the positive experience of the use of this composition in the neighboring regions and considering its economic side, the technique can be used in regions of the Udmurt Republic.
Brain metastases the challenge of contemporary oncology
Authors: Rams Łukasz , Świtka Katarzyna , Kamińska Paulina , Kulesza Bartłomiej
Published: January 2021

Brain metastases (BM) represent the most common tumours of the central nervous system with ranged between 2.8 and 14.3 per 100.000. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of brain metastases, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy only 2.4% of patients will survive 5 years. BM causes a wide spectrum of neurological symptoms, such as hemiparesis, impaired coordination or walking, aphasia, and seizures. Despite the effective treatment of the primary tumor, in many cases, it does not protect against brain metastases. The main source of BMs in adults is, in descending order, non-small cell lung cancer, followed by breast cancer and melanoma and then renal cancer. Some malignancies particularly tend to produce “late” or “delayed” cerebral metastasis years or even decades after the anti-cancer treatment has been accomplished. There is still a need to develop more effective treatments for cancer and metastases to the brain.
INTERVENSI KOGNITIF PERILAKU DALAM KELOMPOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SELF-ESTEEM PADA MAHASISWI YANG TINGGAL DI ASRAMA UNIVERISTAS
Authors: Mahanani Gilberta Permata , Nurwianti Fivi
Published: January 2021

Self-esteem merupakan sebuah proses kognitif akan evaluasi seseorang akan seberapa berharga atau bernilai dirinya sebagai individu. Pendekatan kognitif perilaku merupakan pendekatan yang paling sering digunakan dalam berbagai intervensi terkait permasalahan self-esteem. Fokus dalam intervensi kognitif perilaku adalah mengubah persepsi individu, sehingga diasumsikan dapat sesuai untuk menangani permasalahan self-esteem. Pelaksanaan intervensi dalam kelompok dipilih karena memungkinkan partisipan untuk mengatasi masalah secara bersama-sama sehingga setiap partisipan akan memperoleh dampak positif dari interaksi yang muncul dalam kelompok.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat efektivitas pelaksanaan intervensi kognitif-perilaku yang diterapkan dalam kelompok untuk meningkatkan self esteem. Peneliti menggunakan desain penelitian one group before-and-after study dalam tiga sesi intervensi kognitif-perilaku. Partisipan adalah 4 orang mahasiswi yang tinggal di Asrama Universitas X (M= 18.5 tahun) dengan tingkat self-esteem rendah. Pengukuran self-esteem dilakukan pada proses pre, post dan follow-up menggunakan Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 3 dari 4 partisipan mengalami peningkatan self-esteem. Peneliti mengasumsikan bahwa peningkatan self-esteem juga didukung oleh manajemen tugas yang baik dan kemampuan keterampilan sosial.
KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DAN PENYESUAIAN SOSIAL PADA REMAJA ETNIS TIONGHOA DI KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Putri Ikhda Novita , Dahlia Dahlia
Published: January 2021

Penyesuaian Sosial merupakan keberhasilan individu dalam melakukan hubungan dengan orang lain secara personal maupun kelompok serta memperlihatkan sikap dan perilaku yang menyenangkan. Penyesuaian Sosial akan tercapai apabila individu memiliki Kecerdasan Emosional yang tinggi. Perkembangan Penyesuaian Sosial dan Kecerdasan Emosional merupakan tugas perkembangan yang sulit pada masa remaja khususnya remaja etnis Tionghoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan Kecerdasan Emosional dengan Penyesuaian Sosial pada remaja etnis Tionghoa di Kota Banda Aceh. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 79 remaja etnis Tionghoa yang dipilih dengan menggunakan metode non probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala Kecerdasan Emosional yang disusun oleh peneliti berdasarkan teori Goleman dan skala Penyesuaian Sosial juga disusun oleh peneliti berdasarkan teori Schneider. Analisis data menggunakan pearson Product moment correlation. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara Kecerdasan Emosional dengan Penyesuaian Sosial pada remaja etnis Tionghoa di Kota Banda Aceh. Artinya semakin tinggi Kecerdasan Emosional maka semakin baik pula Penyesuaian Sosial remaja etis Tionghoa di kota Banda Aceh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bagaimana individu memahami, mempersepsikan dan bersikap dalam kelompoknya dapat memengaruhi penilaian individu tersebut terhadap lingkungan sosialnya.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ADVERSITY QUOTIENT DAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI DENGAN KECEMASAN BERBAHASA ASING PADA MAHASISWA TINGKAT AKHIR PROGRAM SARJANA UNS
Authors: Cesarini Dwike Aprilia , Yusuf Munawir , S.A Laelatus Syifa
Published: January 2021

Hasil capaian tes (English for Academic Purposes) pada tahun 2018 mahasiswa UNS secara keseluruhan memiliki rata-rata indeks pencapaian C yang tergolong rendah. Pencapaian tes prestasi yang tergolong rendah tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh kecemasan berbahasa asing yang dialami oleh mahasiswa. Pengalaman cemas ini diasumsikan berkaitan dengan tingkat adversity quotient dan motivasi berprestasi individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara adversity quotient dan motivasi berprestasi dengan kecemasan berbahasa asing pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir program Sarjana di UNS.  Penelitian ini menggunakan studi korelasional dengan sampel 367 mahasiswa tingkat akhir dari sebelas fakultas yang ada di UNS yang diambil menggunakan disproportional random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan Skala Kecemasan Berbahasa Asing (r=0.959), Skala Adversity Quotient (r=0.945) dan Skala Motivasi Berprestasi (r= 0.882). Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai F hitung sebesar 13.538 (F tabel=3.02; Fhitung lebih besar dari Ftabel) dan (p=0.000 lebih kecil dari 0.05). Hal ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara adversity quotient dan motivasi berprestasi dengan kecemasan berbahasa asing pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir. Nilai koefisien korelasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 0.069 yang menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi adversity quotient dan motivasi berprestasi dengan kecemasan berbahasa asing yaitu 6.9% dengan nilai sumbangan efektif dari adversity quotient sebesar 5.1% sedangkan motivasi berprestasi sebesar 1.8% dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
DISKRIMINASI TERHADAP AGAMA MINORITAS: STUDI KASUS DI BANDA ACEH
Authors: Mubarrak Husni , Kumala Intan Dewi
Published: January 2021

Diskriminasi adalah perlakuan yang tidak adil dan tidak seimbang yang dilakukan untuk membedakan individu atau kelompok, berdasarkan sesuatu, biasanya bersifat kategorikal atau atribut-atribut khusus seperti, ras, suku, agama, dan kelas-kelas sosial. Mayoritas penduduk di Aceh merupakan pemeluk agama Islam (99,21%). Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisa gambaran diskriminasi pada masyarakat minoritas khususnya pada kelompok dengan perbedaan keyakinan beragama. Data diperoleh melalui hasil wawancara semi terstruktur pada tiga orang partisipan yang beragama Kristen Protestan yang berada di Banda Aceh. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dan analisa deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat minoritas mendapatkan pembatasan atau hambatan dalam mengekspresikan diri pada ruang publik. Hal yang menyebabkan munculnya diskriminasi adalah adanya prasangka mengenai upaya kristenisasi yang dilakukan oleh kelompok agama minoritas dan adanya regulasi-regulasi (tertulis maupun tidak tertulis) yang dianggap membatasi kesempatan, ruang gerak, dan keberpihakan pada kelompok agama minoritas di ruang publik.
Pengaruh Desain Interior Dalam Membangun Kepercayaan Klien di Kantor Notaris
Authors: Zaidan Aditya , Candra Adivioe , Phoebe Elizabteh , Jessica Lucretia
Published: January 2021

Notaris merupakan seseorang yang bekerja pada bidang jasa dan bertugas untuk membuat data otentik berdasar Undang-undang. membutuhkan tingkat kepercayaan yang tinggi dari klien agar mereka dapat bertahan didalam masyarakat. Kantor notaris sendiri akan menjadi tempat pertemuan seorang notaris dengan klien dan rekan kerja lainnya, yang secara tidak langsung dapat memberikan cerminan terhadap bagaimana kinerja dari jasa notaris tersebut. Teori menyebutkan bahwa kepercayaan juga dapat terbentuk dengan bantuan desain, desain yang baik pun juga dapat membentuk rasa aman dan nyaman pada diri seseorang yang berada di dalam ruangan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami lebih dalam apakah sebuah desain interior dapat membantu meningkatkan kepercayaan klien pada notaris tersebut. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebarkan angket kemudian dianalisis dan dibuat kesimpulan sebagai bahan dari penelitian. Dari penelitian dan pengumpulan teori yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa desain interior meliputi warna, tema, suasana, dan furniture yang digunakan pada sebuah kantor notaris, juga ikut berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kepercayaan klien kepada notaris yang bersangkutan.
Basaloid carcinoma of urinary bladder: an uncommon type of bladder cancer: a case report
Authors: Taha Fayek , Durlach Anne , Larre Stéphane
Published: January 2021

Background:

The basaloid carcinoma has not been previously described in the urinary bladder.

Case presentation:

A 61-year-old man presented with hematuria. The patient had a history of skin tumor with 37 basal cell carcinomas, which had often been treated with surgical excision. The cystoscopy showed a superficial 6 mm papillary lesion. A transurethral resection (TUR) instillation was performed, and the histological analysis revealed an invasive basaloid carcinoma pT1. Because of this uncommon histological aspect, a second Look TUR was conducted and showed no tumor and was followed by an intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. Knowing the patient presented two major aspects of the Gorlin Syndrome, a genetic analysis of patched mutation had been done but showed no mutation of the gene. After 5 years of cystoscopy follow-up, the patient presented no recurrence of the tumor in the bladder.

Conclusion:

The basaloid carcinoma is an exceptional variant tumor in the urinary bladder.
Concepciones de violencia intrafamiliar de los militares del Batallón de Comunicaciones del Ejercito Nacional a partir de sus configuraciones familiares
Authors: Ortiz Quevedo Jenny Patricia , Bravo Dedfor Crisanto , Arismendy Mazabel Robert
Published: January 2021

La violencia intrafamiliar es un tema que impacta a la sociedad en general, la forma en la que es concebida y las relaciones que de allí se desprenden juegan un papel fundamental en la cotidianidad de los miembros del grupo familiar, en este sentido, el estudio se propuso comprender las concepciones de Violencia Intrafamiliar a partir de las configuraciones familiares que tiene un grupo de soldados, suboficiales y oficiales pertenecientes al Batallón de Comunicaciones del Ejercito Nacional de Colombia. Para tal fin, se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo indagando de forma directa mediante dos técnicas complementarias, el grupo focal y el cuestionario, de acuerdo con los presupuestos metodológicos de Bonilla-Castro y Rodríguez. Los resultados arrojaron que la concepción de violencia intrafamiliar por parte de los entrevistados es entendida como todo daño físico, emocional y social contra los familiares, dentro de las condiciones que promueven la misma se manifiestan, las expresiones irrespetuosas, falta de escucha activa, el distanciamiento personal y fallas en la comunicación asertiva debido a falencias en la regulación emocional y el nivel de formación de la pareja. Se concluye que la violencia puede estar asociada a la configuración familiar que han constituido, siendo los padres quienes recurren con mayor frecuencia a ella, estas emergen de forma inconsciente debido a las pautas de crianza y las experiencias en su infancia.
The decline of democracy in Bolivia and Brazil
Authors: Chibbade Michael
Published: January 2021

Democracy means freedom. There are many forms of freedom that are fundamental to democracy, such as the freedom to vote, the freedom of the press, the freedom of speech, the freedom to write and express one’s opinions, the freedom to live where one chooses, the freedom of assembly, the freedom to strive for inclusiveness and equality, and other such fundamental freedoms. Moreover, there are numerous shades of democracy as not all such freedoms are present to the same degree in each and every democratic nation. To ensure democratic conduct, each country has rules and regulations to serve as a guide, as a set of dictums, to assist with law, order and justice, in the absence of which there is the prospect of either anarchy or authoritarianism.
Nowe surowce roślinne w Farmakopei Europejskiej. Część 6. Paullinia cupana (P. guarana) – źródło nowego surowca alkaloidowego
Authors: Kubica Paweł , Kulig Agnieszka , Szopa Agnieszka , Turcza Karolina , Ekiert Halina
Published: January 2021

One of the most recent pharmacopoeial documents, the European Pharmacopoeia Supplement 9.4, inventories five new raw materials long known in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Part 1 and 2 present species providing new saponin raw materials: Bupleurum sp. and Platycodon grandiflorus. Part 3 describes Ligusticum chuanxiong which is a source of a new volatile oil-containing material. Part 4 is focused on Houttuynia cordata and Part 5 on Paeonia x suffruticosa (sources of a new flavonoid and terpenoid-phenolic raw material, respectively). Moreover, Supplement 9.4 describes two South American raw materials: guarana seed and mate leaf and an East Asian raw material – green tea leaf. Part 6 of the series of articles deals with botanical, ecological, chemical and pharmacological characterization of Paullinia cupana (guarana) which is a source of new alkaloid raw material – Guaranae semen. This material has long been known and used not only in South American countries but also in Europe as a psychostimulant due to a high content of caffeine. Currently, it advanced to be included in the list of pharmacopoeial raw materials in the European Union countries. The aim of the article is to provide the pharmaceutical and medical community with professional knowledge on Paullinia cupana, indispensable in contacts with patients.
Justice versus Social Justice in South Africa: Quo vadis?
Authors: Schoeman Marelize Isabel
Published: January 2021

This article explores the concept of criminal justice as a formal process in which parties are judged and often adjudged from the paradigmatic perspective of legal guilt versus legal innocence. While this function of a criminal-justice system is important – and indeed necessary – in any ordered society, a society in transition such as South Africa must question the underlying basis of justice. This self-reflection must include an overview questioning whether the criminal-justice system and its rules are serving the community as originally intended or have become a self-serving function of state in which the final pursuit is outcome-driven as opposed to process-driven. The process of reflection must invariably find its genesis in the question: ‘What is justice?’ While this rhetorical phraseology has become trite through overuse, the author submits that the question remains of prime importance when considered contemporarily but viewed through the lens of historical discourse in African philosophy. In essence, the question remains unanswered. Momentum is added to this debate by the recent movement towards a more human rights and restorative approach to justice as well as the increased recognition of traditional legal approaches to criminal justice. This discussion is wide and in order to delimit its scope the author relies on a Socratically influenced method of knowledge-mining to determine the philosophical principles underpinning the justice versus social justice discourse. It is proposed that lessons learned from African philosophies about justice and social justice can be integrated into modern-day justice systems and contribute to an ordered yet socially oriented approach to justice itself.
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF RHYTHM AND CONDUCTION DISTURBANCES IN THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF AORTIC VALVE SURGERY WITH A NARROW FIBROUS RING
Authors:   Grodno Regional Clinical Cardiology Center, Grodno, Belarus, Lazuta S. S. , Spiridonov S. V. ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center "Cardiology", Minsk, Belarus, Yanushka A. V. ,   Grodno Regional Clinical Cardiology Center, Grodno, Belarus, Snezhitskiy V. A. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Shchetinko N. N. ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center "Cardiology", Minsk, Belarus
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the arrhythmias and conduction disturbances that arose during aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis and a narrow fibrous ring. Material and methods: The cases of aortic valve prosthetics with a narrow fibrous ring were analyzed: 52 cases of bioprosthetics of the aortic valve with a standard prosthesis of size 19 and 21, 21 cases of prosthetics with an aortic allograft in patients with an aortic ring 17-21 mm, 22 cases of implantation of prostheses quickly deploying Perceval with a narrow fibrous ring (19-21 mm), 11 cases of bioprosthetics of the valves with a ring size of 19-21 mm. Results: Hospital mortality was observed in the group of allografts and amounted to 4.7% (1 case). The most common complications in the early postoperative period were rhythm disturbances: the standard prosthetics group - rhythm disturbances, which required the setting of a pacemaker 7.7%, atrial fibrillation paroxysms 19.2%. In the group of aortic allografts - 9.5 and 28.6%, respectively. In the Perceval group - 9.1 and 22.7%, respectively. In the group of bioprosthetics of the valves of arrhythmic complications requiring implantation, pacemaker was not observed. Conclusions: Rhythm disturbances (including those requiring implantation of pacemaker) were observed in all the groups except for the bioprosthetics of the aortic valve leaflets, possibly due to the lack of “load” on the aortic valve ring. However, to obtain more accurate results, a further set and observation of the studied groups is required.The introduction of “new” methods of aortic valve replacement and the assessment of possible complications provides the possibility of a differentiated approach to the choice of treatment method depending on the severity of the patient’s initial condition and will achieve good direct results in patients with a narrow fibrous ring and a high risk of surgical treatment.
EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF FROSTBITES OF VARYING SEVERITY IN LABORATORY ANIMALS Part 1. Development and technical characteristics of devices
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Valentyukevich A. L. , Melamed V. D. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Ostrovsky А. А. ,   Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grodno, Belarus
Published: January 2021

Background. In modern medicine, the problem of treating frostbite remains relevant and requires further study. It raised the need for a reliable experimental model of cold injury. Purpose of the study. Creation of devices that allow simulating both contact frostbites and their combination with general hypothermia in laboratory animals. Material and methods. In laboratory rats under ether anesthesia, frostbite simulation was performed using different types of devices. The depth and prevalence of cold injury were studied. Results. The existing methods of modeling frostbites are analyzed. A device has been developed for reproducing cold tissue damage in the interests of the tasks set by the experiment. Conclusions. The developed devices for simulating frostbites can be used by researchers to study topical issues of cold injury.
Masked Graph Modeling for Molecule Generation
Authors: Mahmood Omar , Mansimov Elman , Bonneau Richard , Cho Kyunghyun
Published: January 2021

De novo, in-silico design of molecules is a challenging problem with applications in drug discovery and material design.

Here, we introduce a masked graph model which learns a distribution over graphs by capturing all possible conditional distributions over unobserved nodes and edges given observed ones.

We train our masked graph model on existing molecular graphs and then sample novel molecular graphs from it by iteratively masking and replacing different parts of initialized graphs.

We evaluate our approach on the QM9 and ChEMBL datasets using the distribution-learning benchmark from the GuacaMol framework.

The benchmark contains five metrics: the validity, uniqueness, novelty, KL-divergence and Fréchet ChemNet Distance scores, the last two of which are measures of the similarity of the generated samples to the training, validation and test distributions.

We find that KL-divergence and Fréchet ChemNet Distance scores are anti-correlated with novelty scores. By varying generation initialization and the fraction of the graph masked and replaced at each generation step, we can increase the Fréchet score at the cost of novelty.

In this way, we show that our model offers transparent and tunable control of the trade-off between these metrics, a point of control currently lacking in other approaches to molecular graph generation.

We observe that our model outperforms previously proposed graph-based approaches and is competitive with SMILES-based approaches.

Finally, we show that our model can generate molecules with desired values of specified properties while maintaining physiochemical similarity to molecules from the training distribution.