bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between blood pressure and psychological features of experience and behaviour among teachers
Authors: Stueck Marcus , Rigotti Thomas , Roudini Juliet , Galindo Edgar , Utami Dian S.
Published: March 2016

Background

Relationships between psychological features and psychophysical parameters, such as blood pressure, have a high relevance in research on coping with stress. We want to investigate the correlation between blood pressure and these psychological features.

Participants and procedure

We investigated 79 teachers from high schools and secondary schools in and around Leipzig, Germany. Using the systolic blood pressure as an indicator, we formed three groups: hypotensive, normotensive, and hypertensive. We assessed several psychological health dependent variables and looked for differences between these groups (χ2 test).

Results

Hypotensive subjects experienced more stress and less planning and goal behaviour. Furthermore, they more often used physical exercises in order to increase their social well-being. Hypertensive subjects, on the other hand, were driven by fear of loss of control and showed a higher sense of feeling threatened.

Conclusions

We found for each group different relationships that are highly relevant to health. This result shows how psychological features and physiological regulation mechanisms are linked.
Gender as a factor in differentiating strategies of coping with stress used by physical education students
Authors: Guszkowska Monika , Zagórska-Pachucka Adriana , Kuk Anna , Skwarek Katarzyna
Published: March 2016

Background
 Students are exposed to numerous stressors associated with their integration into their university education, their relationships with friends, and anxiety about the future. Given that stress may be related to university students’ academic performance, understanding the coping strategies used by students may be important in facilitating a positive transition to a university setting. The aim of this study was to determine the gender-based variation of strategies for coping with stress used by students, as well as to determine the correlation between these strategies and the students’ academic achievements.

 Participants and procedure
 The study design was cross sectional and included 376 first-year undergraduate students (227 men and 149 women) enrolled in the physical education and sport programme at the University of Physical Education in Warsaw. The Polish adaptation of Carver, Scheier and Weintraub’s Multidimensional Inventory for Measuring Stress Coping – COPE and the mean grade from all first-year university courses (the indicator of academic achievements) were used.

 Results
 Men definitely preferred task-oriented strategies, while women preferred to look for support (instrumental and emotional) and placed higher importance on the focusing on and venting of emotions. Academic achievement correlated positively with task-oriented strategies and negatively with avoidance-oriented strategies. These relationships were partly confirmed by regression analyses.

 Conclusions
 The results of the study provide support for sex differences in the most frequently applied coping strategies. The results also suggest that avoidance-oriented strategies do not facilitate academic achievement, while active coping strategies correlate with greater success in studies.
My Skin – a self-questionnaire for assessment of the emotional-cognitive representation of skin
Authors: Kossakowska Marlena M. , Cieścińska Czanita
Published: March 2016

Background

The aims of this paper are: 1) to present the My Skin questionnaire, 2) to report the preliminary results of a study on the emotional-cognitive skin representation, and 3) to encourage dermatologists and other specialists to use the My Skin questionnaire in their research. The inspiration for a new tool measuring the emotional and cognitive representation of skin was the psychological conception of the ‘skin ego’.

Participants and procedure

My Skin, a self-questionnaire (MSQ), was used to measure the emotional and cognitive representation of an individual’s skin. It consists of two main scales: satisfaction with the skin condition (AB) and awareness of the biopsychosocial functions of the skin (C). The Body Esteem Scale, Body Self Questionnaire and Self-Esteem Scale were used to validate the MSQ. The participants were: healthy individuals (n = 343) and dermatology patients (psoriasis, vitiligo, juvenile acne, n = 84).

Results

The psychometric parameters are presented in this article. The internal consistency reliabilities for subscales are in the range of .75 and .95. This article also presents preliminary basic statistics for the skin representation of dermatology patients and healthy people.

Conclusions

My Skin questionnaire is a valid tool for assessing cognitive and emotional representation of skin and may be used in psychodermatology and esthetic dermatology to assess satisfaction with and awareness of skin.
Assessment of the usefulness of skin autofluorescence as an indicator of disease activity and of the risk of developing diabetes in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Żuchowski Paweł , Kolossa Katarzyna , Jeka Sławomir , Wojciechowski Rafał , Wilińska-Jankowska Arnika , Waszczak Marzena
Published: March 2016

Objectives: Diabetes develops much more often in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than in healthy population. One of the parameters which allow to evaluate the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is the level of advanced glycation end products (AGE) in the skin. In patients suffering from RA, an increase in AGE level may be also linked with the course of the underlying disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the AGE level and the course of RA as well as other risk factors for the development of diabetes and CVD.

Material and methods:  The study included 148 patients divided into three groups: group I – patients with RA (n = 102, 79 F/23 M), group II – patients with RA and diabetes (n = 21, 14 F/7 M), group III – healthy individuals (n = 25, 16 F/9 M). Each patient underwent a skin autofluorescence signal (SAF) examination with an AGE Reader, which allows the assessment of AGE level, as well as being subjected to the laboratory tests panel. Additionally, patients from group I and II have had their DAS28 (ESR) indicator calculated.

Results:  In groups I, II, and III, the respective mean SAF values, expressed in arbitrary units [au], were to 2.54, 2.74, and 1.96 au. Between-group differences in terms of mean SAF values were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Significantly higher mean SAF values in groups I and II as compared to group III suggest that the increase in the AGE level in patients with RA is linked with the underlying disease and does not have to correspond with the real risk of diabetes and CVD. In conclusion, despite the known limitations of the technique, measuring AGE levels allows for closer monitoring of RA patients who are at a higher risk of developing diabetes.
Supply and demand for long-term care services from the perspective of leaders of health care institutions
Authors: Raciborski Filip , Samoliński Bolesław
Published: March 2016

Introduction:  Poland’s transition into the stage of intensive population aging imposes changes in demand for different forms of care (including long-term). The proportion of dependent persons (requiring care) in the population continues to increase. The number of people aged 80 and above (in 2013 – 1.48 million) will double by 2050 and reach 3.54 million. The research objective was to gain knowledge on the supply and demand of different institutionalized forms of care services from the healthcare system perspective.

Material and methods:  A computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) survey was carried out on a Poland-wide quota sample of health care and nursing centres operating within the healthcare system. The respondent group consisted of 96 directors of health care facilities.

Results:  In the opinion of more than a half of surveyed directors, supply of health care and nursing centres in their region is insufficient in terms of the needs of both patients and elderly people. In the context of patients, the deficit is observed primarily in health care and treatment centres, long-term nursing care and health care institutions, whereas for the elderly people the main concern is availability of nursing care, day care or social aid centres. More than half of surveyed institutions admit patients requiring care on an ongoing basis; however, in the case of health care and treatment centres more than a year-long waiting time proved to be a frequent phenomenon. In the opinion of the surveyed directors, the key factors influencing the number of available places and waiting time are insufficient financing and personnel deficit.

Conclusions: Introduction of multiple changes to the operation of the care system in Poland is necessary in order to improve its availability, effectiveness and quality. Achievement of this objective requires implementation of a cohesive and integrated system dedicated to monitoring and diagnosing both the supply and demand for different forms of care.
Analysis of information on rheumatology from a selected Internet forum in the context of the need for telemedicine solutions
Authors: Szpakowski Rafał , Maślińska Maria , Dykowska Grażyna , Zając Patrycja
Published: March 2016

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to determine how often patients and undiagnosed people who complain of musculoskeletal system and rheumatic diseases look for knowledge contained on an Internet forum. Content analysis was used to identify the level of Internet users’ activity in the rheumatology section, compared to other areas of medicine.

Material and methods: Material included information posted on the Internet forum established at http://medyczka.pl/. The method employed was a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content. The method was based on qualitative assessment of the first post in each thread presented on the rheumatologic subforum, by assigning keywords, subjectively determined by the researcher, to such a post. For each keyword a specific definition was established, determining a situation in which a given keyword was used.

Results:  The quantitative analysis qualified rheumatology in the last place in terms of Internet users’ activity compared to other branches of medicine. The qualitative assessment of the rheumatologic forum indicated that the three most common keywords were joint pain (32), joints swelling (13), and schoolage (13). The three most common intentional keywords (arranged in order of their decreasing number) were diagnosis based on symptoms (29), interpretation of the laboratory test results (9), and how to deal with symptoms (8).

Conclusions: The analysis leads to the conclusion that the rheumatologic subforum, along with other subforums listed above, presents a critically low level of discussion. There is a large disproportion between the number of active and passive forum users, suggesting that numerous individuals search the forum for presented information. Based on the qualitative analysis of the information stocks of the rheumatologic subforum, it was established that most of the questions posted concerned young individuals, who complained of joint pain and swelling, and asked for a possible diagnosis based on the presented symptomatology, interpretation of the laboratory test results and alleviation of disease symptoms.
Statin-induced autoimmune necrotizing myositis
Authors: Ząber Katarzyna , Śliwowska Beata , Jasiński Tomasz
Published: March 2016

Myositides comprise a large group of disorders involving limb muscle weakness. In differential diagnosis we have to consider idiopathic myositides, myositides associated with other diseases, and those induced by external factors, e.g. drug-induced. Statins are commonly used drugs, but many patients experience a broad spectrum of adverse effects including symptoms from skeletal muscle. Physicians should pay special attention to patients reporting muscle weakness lasting longer than 12 weeks, despite statin withdrawal, as well as other symptoms: dysphagia, disturbed grip function, elevated creatinine kinase (CK) levels and abnormal electromyography.

The reported case deals with the problem of differential diagnosis of drug-induced muscle injury, polymyositis with a recently reported myopathy – statin-induced autoimmune necrotizing myositis, related to anti-HMGCR antibodies.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis – therapeutic challenge
Authors: Szydlarska Dorota , Wisłowska Małgorzata
Published: March 2016

The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitides (AAV) are a group of primary vasculitides that affect predominantly small- to medium-sized blood vessels. The pathology of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) typically features a granulomatous and sometimes necrotizing vasculitis targeting predominantly the respiratory tract and kidneys, including necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. The diagnosis can be delayed due to the nonspecific nature of the symptoms. Cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids have been the cornerstone of remission-induction therapy for severe antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis for years. Recently, the monoclonal antibody rituximab was approved for the treatment of GPA, providing an alternative to cyclophosphamide for induction therapy of AAV. In the present case study we used azathioprine as the maintenance drug. However, because of relapse we tried mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as a second-line drug successfully. This case confirms that MMF is not only well tolerated but also effective in GPA to maintain remission.
Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up CO2 emissions and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity
Authors: Newman Sally , Xu Xiaomei , Gurney Kevin R. , Hsu Ying Kuang , Li King Fai , Jiang Xun , Keeling Ralph , Feng Sha , O'Keefe Darragh , Patarasuk Risa , Wong Kam Weng , Rao Preeti , Fischer Marc L. , Yung Yuk L.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Large urban emissions of greenhouse gases result in large atmospheric enhancements relative to background that are easily measured. Using CO2 mole fractions and Δ14C and δ13C values of CO2 in the Los Angeles megacity observed in inland Pasadena (2006–2013) and coastal Palos Verdes peninsula (autumn 2009–2013), we have determined time series for CO2 contributions from fossil fuel combustion (Cff) for both sites and broken those down into contributions from petroleum and/or gasoline and natural gas burning for Pasadena. We find a 10 % reduction in Pasadena Cff during the Great Recession of 2008–2010, which is consistent with the bottom-up inventory determined by the California Air Resources Board. The isotopic variations and total atmospheric CO2 from our observations are used to infer seasonality of natural gas and petroleum combustion. The trend of CO2 contributions to the atmosphere from natural gas combustion is out of phase with the seasonal cycle of total natural gas combustion seasonal patterns in bottom-up inventories but is consistent with the seasonality of natural gas usage by the area's electricity generating power plants. For petroleum, the inferred seasonality of CO2 contributions from burning petroleum is delayed by several months relative to usage indicated by statewide gasoline taxes. Using the high-resolution Hestia-LA data product to compare Cff from parts of the basin sampled by winds at different times of year, we find that variations in observed fossil fuel CO2 reflect seasonal variations in wind direction. The seasonality of the local CO2 excess from fossil fuel combustion along the coast, on Palos Verdes peninsula, is higher in autumn and winter than spring and summer, almost completely out of phase with that from Pasadena, also because of the annual variations of winds in the region. Variations in fossil fuel CO2 signals are consistent with sampling the bottom-up Hestia-LA fossil CO2 emissions product for sub-city source regions in the LA megacity domain when wind directions are considered.
Comparison of the glacial isostatic adjustment behaviour in glacially induced fault models
Authors: Steffen Rebekka , Steffen Holger , Wu Patrick
Published: March 2016

Abstract. We compare the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) behaviour of two approaches developed to model the movement of a glacially induced fault (GIF) as a consequence of stress changes in the Earth's crust caused by the GIA process. GIFs were most likely, but not exclusively reactivated at the end of the last glaciation. Their modelling is complicated as the GIA process involves different spatial and temporal scales and they have to be combined to describe the fault reactivation process accurately. Model approaches have been introduced by Hetzel & Hampel (2005, termed HA in this paper) and Steffen et al. (2014a, termed WU in this paper). These two approaches differ in their geometry, their boundary conditions and the implementation of stress changes. While the WU model is based on GIA models and thus includes the whole mantle down to the core-mantle boundary at a depth of 2891 km, the HA models include only the lithosphere (mostly 100 km) and simulate the mantle using dashpots. They further apply elastic foundations and a lithostatic pressure at the base of the lithosphere, while the WU models apply elastic foundations at all horizontal boundaries in the model with density contrasts. Using a synthetic ice model as well as the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, we find large discrepancies in modelled displacement, velocity and stress between these approaches. The HA model has difficulties in explaining relative sea level curves in Fennoscandia such as the one of Ångermanland (Sweden), where differences of up to 118 m to the data (with data error of 18.7 m) result. The WU model differs by up to 11 m, but falls within the error bar of 11.6 m. In addition, the HA model cannot predict the typical velocity field pattern in Fennoscandia. As we also find prominent differences in stress, we conclude that the simulation of the mantle using dashpots is not recommended for modelling the GIA process. The earth model should consist of both lithosphere and mantle, in order to correctly model the displacement and stress changes during GIA. We emphasize that a thorough modelling of the GIA process is a prerequisite before conclusions on understanding GIF evolution can be drawn.
An Irish Revolution Without A Revolution
Authors: Beatty Aidan
Published: March 2016

There is a conventional view among Irish historians that a revolution occurred in that country between the passing of the Third Home Rule Bill of 1912 and the end of the Civil War in 1923.  The violence of those years, the collapse in support for the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), the meteoric rise to power of Sinn Féin, a new sense of meritocracy, a greater sense of democracy and a widespread radicalism; all are seen as elements of a major change in Irish politics and life, a ‘Revolution.’  Drawing on Gramsci's notion of a “revolution without a revolution”, this paper seeks to understand the events in Ireland of 1912-23, not as a sudden rupture with the past but as the culmination of a much longer period of (often British-backed) capitalist development in post-Famine Ireland. This paper argues that Irish nationalist politics in the decades before 1912 is better understood via categories such as class, gender, capitalism and the pervasive power of the British state.  As such, as well as pursuing a reassessment of the project of Irish historical development and state-building, this paper also seeks a reassessment of the project of (an equally statist) Irish historiography.
Global Commodity Chains and the Production of Surplus-value on a Global Scale: Bringing Back the New International Division of Labour Theory
Authors: Grinberg Nicolas
Published: March 2016

This paper offers a critique of mainstream and critical versions of Global Commodity Chain analysis of post-1960s global-economy transformations claiming that they suffer from different types of methodological nationalism. After arguing that the key to overcome their intrinsic problems is to be found in the critical revision of Fröbel et al.'s New International Division of Labour theory, the paper advances a novel account of the structural dynamics of the stratified capitalist world-system developed by Iñigo Carrera (1998). Finally, the paper substantiates its main claims with an analysis of the long-term development of the global semiconductors industry.
Northern Ireland: From Imperial Asset to International Encumbrance
Authors: McKearney Tommy
Published: March 2016

The Northern Ireland story is more complex than the trite tale of orange versus green or two warring tribes. Current inhabitants are not settling ancient scores. Northern Ireland is the product of colonialism, the plantation of Ulster, machinations of a British state determined to retain a strategic outpost, 50 years of one party discriminatory government and the recent conflict. The Good Friday Agreement facilitated an end to armed conflict but is inherently flawed. Compounding the Stormont Assembly’s very limited ability to steer the economy is reluctance by the political parties to accept the rationale of the Agreement. Republicans are unhappy that Northern Ireland will remain British while unionists dislike the fact that republicans are partners in administration. Northern Ireland’s two leading parties, The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Sinn Féin (SF,) do not have the power (even if they wanted to use it) to address the social and economic issues affecting constituents’ lives. Northern Ireland is changing demographically while also facing economic challenges at a time when both England and Scotland are reassessing the nature of the Union.
WITHDRAWN: CONTRA EL VIENTO DE ÁNGELES CASO: ENTRE AFROPESIMISMO Y EUROCENTRISMO
Authors: Sankhé Maïmouna
Published: March 2016

Número misceláneo
II. Nación-texto
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: March 2016

Número misceláneo
Gestão do terriório, impactos ambientais e desafios
Authors: Casseti Valter
Published: March 2016

A apropriação espontaneista da natureza, fundamentada no desenvolvimentismo, historicamente tem respondido pela reprodução ampliada de impactos ambientais. Para discutir o assunto, apresentam-se considerações sobre a intervenção do Estado no processo de ordenamento territorial, atendo-se às transformações decorrentes das diferentes modalidades de planejamento: da visão estratégica à logística. Com base nestes argumentos, discutem-se os principais programas governamentais voltados ao processo de ocupação territorial e seus impactos. Por fim, procura-se apresentar, para discussão, os grandes desafios colocados ao geógrafo, considerando a grama de dualidades intrínsecas, levantando alguns pontos entendidos como importantes, a exemplo do conceito de natureza, a valorização da disciplinaridade – como fator de competência – e a compreensão da essência das relações sociais de produção – como fundamentação estratégico-ideológico das políticas instituídas.
Altered Salivary Protein Profiles among Individuals Diagnosed with Cervical Dysplasia and Cervical Carcinoma in Situ
Authors: Streckfus Charles
Published: March 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if protein-by-products secondary to cervical cancer oncogenes appear in the saliva.Methods: Four pooled (n=10 subjects/pool) stimulated whole saliva specimens from women were analyzed. One pooled specimen was from healthy women, while other pooled specimens were from women diagnosed with CIN 2 moderate cervical dysplasia (n=10), CIN 3 severe cervical dysplasia (n=10) and the other pooled group from women diagnosed with cervical carcinoma in situ (n=10). Differential expression of proteins was measured by isotopically tagging proteins in each groups and comparing them to the healthy control group. Saliva from each of the pooled samples was trypsinized and the peptide digests labeled with the appropriate iTRAQ reagent. Labeled peptides from each of the digests were combined and analyzed by reverse phase (C18) capillary chromatography on an Applied Biosystems QStar LC-MS/MS mass spectrometer equipped with an LC-Packings HPLC.Results: The results of the salivary analyses yielded approximately 133 proteins in the saliva specimens. Forty eight proteins were differentially expressed between the healthy control pool, precancerous and cancerous conditions.Conclusions: The study suggests that saliva is a fluid suffused with solubilized by-products of oncogenic expression and that these proteins may be modulated secondary to precancerous and cancerous conditions and that these proteins may be useful in the study of cervical cancer progression, treatment efficacy and the tailoring of individualized patient care.
A Study of Ideational Metafunction in Joseph Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness”: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Alaei Mahya , Ahangari Saeideh
Published: March 2016

The linguistic study of literature or critical analysis of literary discourse is no different from any other textual description; it is not a new branch or a new level or a new kind of linguistics but the application of existing theories and methods (Halliday, 2002). This study intends to determine how ideology or opinion is expressed in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and what kind of lexico-grammatical strategies are used in the first part of this novella to convey the author’s ideological meaning. By focusing on the lexico-grammatical choices in the transitivity system of the structure of the clauses, the researcher tries to shed light on the ideational meaning in the first section of the story. That is, the grammar of the clause as representation (transitivity patterns) which represents the encoding of experiential meanings: meaning about the world, about experience, about how we perceive and experience what is going on. By examining the transitivity patterns in text, we can explain how the field of situation is being constructed, i.e. we can describe what is being talked about and how shifts are achieved in the field. Both Halliday and Hassan have integrated theoretical statements with demonstrations of text analyses (Hassan, Matthiessen, & Webster, 2005). In that spirit, the researcher here offers a textual demonstration of reading of a literary text. In order to do so, the researcher has identified metafunctional patterns of ideation found in the lexico-grammar of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and has noted the author’s use of foregrounding against these patterns to contrast the racist and imperialistic ideologies being opposed to through the frame narration of the whole first part by Marlow as the chief character said to be Conrad’s own voice in the process of sailing and cruising on the Thames in a yawl by the name of Nellie.
Price Responsiveness in Electricity Markets: Implications for Demand Response in the Midwest
Authors: Eryilmaz Derya , Smith Timothy M. , Homans Frances R.
Published: March 2016

This paper provides an empirical analysis of price responsiveness in retail and wholesale markets in the Midcontinent ISO electricity markets. In the retail market, consumers do not often observe real-time price changes and pay a predetermined flat rate, but are able to respond to price over longer time periods. In the wholesale electricity market, buyers are able to adjust their electricity purchases based on real-time price changes. Our findings show that retail industrial customers respond differently in different across states in the Midwest. We also find differences in real-time wholesale price elasticities between sub-regional pricing hubs in the MISO footprint. Results suggest that the observed differences in price responsiveness of demand across market levels and sub-regions are associated with demand response program adoption.
The CO2 Content of Consumption Across U.S. Regions: A Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) Approach
Authors: Caron Justin , Metcalf Gilbert E. , Reilly John
Published: March 2016

Using a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) framework, we estimate the direct and indirect carbon dioxide (CO2) content of consumption across regions of the United States. We improve on existing estimates by accounting for emissions attributable to domestically and internationally imported goods using data describing bilateral trade between U.S. states and with international countries and regions. This paper presents two major findings. First, attributing emissions to states on a consumption basis leads to very different state-level emissions responsibilities than when attributed on a production basis; for example, California’s emissions are over 25 percent higher. Second, heterogeneity of emissions across trading partners significantly affects the indirect emissions intensity of consumption (kg of carbon per $ of consumption), so regional differences in intensity across the U.S. go well beyond direct energy consumption. These findings have implications for evaluating the distributional impacts of national climate policies and for understanding differing incentives to implement state-level policies.
Comparative study of mechanical activation of molybdenite (MoS2) with and without magnesium (Mg) addition
Authors: Temuujin J. , Setoudeh N. , Welham N.J.
Published: March 2016

Molybdenite concentrate was mechanically activated in the presence of magnesium metal using a planetary mill in order to try to form elemental molybdenum. A sample milled for 90 min in planetary mill showed almost the same structural distortion as after 50 h in a tumbling mill, neither showed the presence of molybdenum metal. However, molybdenite milled together with magnesium showed more amorphization than separately milled molybdenite. Despite the apparent lack of reaction, molybdenite showed higher solubility in dilute HCl after milling with magnesium than without.Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 16 (42), 2015, 30-33
Alkaloids from Mongolian species of Peganum multisectum (Maxim) Bobrov
Authors: Javzan S. , Selenge D. , Amartuvshin N. , Nedelcheva D. , Christov V , Philipov S.
Published: March 2016

Alkaloids of the aerial parts of P. multisectum (Maxim) Bobrov (Zygophyllaceae) growing in Mongolia have been studied by capillary Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Column Chromatography (CC). Four compounds comprising of 2-methylquinoline (1), 9-amino-2, 3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta [b] quinoline (2), vasicinone (3) and harmine (4) have been determined by GC-MS, while harmine (4), peganine (5), deoxypeganine (6), deoxyvasicinone (7) and harmane (8) were isolated as pure compounds by the CC. The structures of the five alkaloids 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were elucidated by the MS and 1H and 13C NMR analysis. The alkaloids 1, 2 and 8 were identified for the first time from this species.Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 16 (42), 2015, 48-53
GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of some fractions from Lagochilus ilicifolius Bge. grown in Mongolia
Authors: Dumaa M. , Gerelt-Od Ya. , Javzan S. , Otgonhkishig D. , Doncheva Ts. , Yordanova G. , Philipov S. , Selenge D.
Published: March 2016

3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (1), 4-hydroxyisoquinoline (2), 4-(1E)-hydroxy-1-prophenyl)-2-methoxyphenol (3), 4-acetoxycinnamic acid (4), Songoramine (5), and Songorine (6) have been determined by GC-MS analysis from the crude alkaloid mixtures (G1) obtained from the aerial parts of Lagochilus ilicifolius Bge. grown in Mongolia and comparison of the measured data with those from the literature. The compounds 1-6 are described for the first time from L.ilicifolius. From these 3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (1) was determined for the first time from natural plants.In addition, the antibacterial activity of fractions and total alkaloids were evaluated against Staphylococcus aurous, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli strains, respectively. The growth inhibition zones against gram-positive S.aureus, B.subtilis, B.cereus and gram negative E.coli, strains were observed. Positive results were achieved on 500 μg/disc concentration, but lower results or no active on 100 μg/disc concentration were for the plant extracts, fractions and total alkaloids.Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 16 (42), 2015, 39-43
Whither Polyalthia (Annonaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia? Synopses of Huberantha, Maasia, Monoon and Polyalthia s.s.
Authors: Turner Ian M. , Utteridge Timothy M.A.
Published: March 2016

An updated classification of Polyalthia in Peninsular Malaysia is presented. A synopsis (listing of species with synonymy and typification, and keys to species) is presented for the genera Huberantha, Maasia, Monoon and Polyalthia sensu stricto. One new species (Polyalthia pakdin I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov.) is described and a conservation assessment presented for it. Monoon xanthopetalum Merr. represents a new record for Peninsular Malaysia. Six new lectotypes are designated.
Filtering Tacoma Water's Green River Supply
Authors: Moline Jason , McMeen Chris
Published: March 2016

Because of a Long‐Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule requirement to install a Cryptosporidium barrier on its 100‐year‐old, unfiltered regional supply, Tacoma Water (Wash.) opted to solve multiple water quality and supply risks by constructing a 90‐mgd conventional/168‐mgd direct filtration facility.
Optimize Operations Using Real‐Time Data and Predictive Tools
Authors: Boulos Paul F. , Niraula Akshaya
Published: March 2016

More real‐time data reach water professionals than ever before thanks to a wide range of process automation and modeling tools. To harness such tools, operators can join predictive network modeling with operational analytics dashboards to improve event response, reduce water loss, and optimize system operation.
New algae and cyanobacteria to Cuban flora: Strombomonas borysteniensis (Roll) Popova (Euglenophyceae), Anabaenopsis elenkinii Miller and Glaucospira sp. (Cyanobacteria)
Authors: Comas-González Augusto Abilio , Moreira-González Ángel Ramón
Published: March 2016

Este artículo ofrece resultados basados en observaciones al microscopio óptico de muestras de fitoplancton colectadas en algunas áreas de la empresa Cultisur de cría de camarón blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) localizada en la región suroriental de Cuba (provincia Granma). Durante el estudio, se halló en muestras de agua dulce a Strombomonas borysteniensis (Roll) Popova (Euglenophyceae). En los estanques de cultivo ocurrieron típicos florecimientos de las cianobacterias Anabaenopsis elenkinii Miller y de una especie de Glaucospira Lagerheim. Estos táxones constituyen nuevos registros para el país. El presente trabajo ofrece las descripciones y comentarios taxonómicos acerca de estas especies.

This paper is based on optical microscopy observations of phytoplankton samples collected from few water reservoirs at the shrimp cultures (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) of Cultisur Enterprise, SE of Cuba. After further studies three species were studied, which were not found in Cuba before: Strombomonas borysteniensis (Roll) Popova (Euglenophyceae) and two cyanobacteria forming typical cyanobacterial water blooms: Anabaenopsis elenkinii Miller and a species of Glaucospira Lagerheim.The present paper offers descriptions and taxonomical comments about these species
A pH-driven transition of the cytoplasm from a fluid- to a solid-like state promotes entry into dormancy
Authors: Munder Matthias Christoph , Midtvedt Daniel , Franzmann Titus , Nüske Elisabeth , Otto Oliver , Herbig Maik , Ulbricht Elke , Müller Paul , Taubenberger Anna , Maharana Shovamayee , Malinovska Liliana , Richter Doris , Guck Jochen , Zaburdaev Vasily , Alberti Simon
Published: March 2016

Cells can enter into a dormant state when faced with unfavorable conditions. However, how cells enter into and recover from this state is still poorly understood. Here, we study dormancy in different eukaryotic organisms and find it to be associated with a significant decrease in the mobility of organelles and foreign tracer particles. We show that this reduced mobility is caused by an influx of protons and a marked acidification of the cytoplasm, which leads to widespread macromolecular assembly of proteins and triggers a transition of the cytoplasm to a solid-like state with increased mechanical stability. We further demonstrate that this transition is required for cellular survival under conditions of starvation. Our findings have broad implications for understanding alternative physiological states, such as quiescence and dormancy, and create a new view of the cytoplasm as an adaptable fluid that can reversibly transition into a protective solid-like state.
Huntingtin’s spherical solenoid structure enables polyglutamine tract-dependent modulation of its structure and function
Authors: Vijayvargia Ravi , Epand Raquel , Leitner Alexander , Jung Tae-Yang , Shin Baehyun , Jung Roy , Lloret Alejandro , Singh Atwal Randy , Lee Hyeongseok , Lee Jong-Min , Aebersold Ruedi , Hebert Hans , Song Ji-Joon , Seong Ihn Sik
Published: March 2016

The polyglutamine expansion in huntingtin protein causes Huntington’s disease. Here, we investigated structural and biochemical properties of huntingtin and the effect of the polyglutamine expansion using various biophysical experiments including circular dichroism, single-particle electron microscopy and cross-linking mass spectrometry. Huntingtin is likely composed of five distinct domains and adopts a spherical α-helical solenoid where the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal regions fold to contain a circumscribed central cavity. Interestingly, we showed that the polyglutamine expansion increases α-helical properties of huntingtin and affects the intramolecular interactions among the domains. Our work delineates the structural characteristics of full-length huntingtin, which are affected by the polyglutamine expansion, and provides an elegant solution to the apparent conundrum of how the extreme amino-terminal polyglutamine tract confers a novel property on huntingtin, causing the disease.
A MEMS hardness sensor with reduced contact force dependence based on the reference plane concept aimed for medical applications
Authors: Maeda Yusaku , Terao Kyohei , Shimokawa Fusao , Takao Hidekuni
Published: March 2016

In this study, the stable detection principle of a MEMS hardness sensor with “reference plane” structure is theoretically analyzed and demonstrated with experimental results. Hardness measurement independent of contact force instability is realized by the optimum design of the reference plane. The fabricated devices were evaluated, and a “shore A” hardness scale (JIS K 6301 A) was obtained as the reference in the range from A1 to A54 under a stable contact force. The contact force dependence on hardness sensor signals was effectively reduced by 96.6% using our reference plane design. Below 5 N contact force, the maximal signal error of hardness is suppressed to A8. This result corresponds to the detection capability for fat hardness, even when the contact force is unstable. Through experiments, stable detection of human body hardness has been demonstrated without any control of contact force.
Effects of various oxygen partial pressures on Ti-doped ZnO thin film transistors fabricated on flexible plastic substrate
Authors: Cui Guodong , Han Dedong , Yu Wen , Shi Pan , Zhang Yi , Huang Lingling , Cong Yingying , Zhou Xiaoliang , Zhang Xiaomi , Zhang Shengdong , Zhang Xing , Wang Yi
Published: March 2016

By applying a novel active layer of titanium zinc oxide (TiZO), we have successfully fabricated fully transparent thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a bottom gate structure fabricated on a flexible plastic substrate at low temperatures. The effects of various oxygen partial pressures during channel deposition were studied to improve the device performance. We found that the oxygen partial pressure during channel deposition has a significant impact on the performance of TiZO TFTs, and that the TFT developed under 10% oxygen partial pressure exhibits superior performance with a low threshold voltage (V
th) of 2.37 V, a high saturation mobility (μsat) of 125.4 cm2 V−1 s−1, a steep subthreshold swing (SS) of 195 mV/decade and a high I
on/I
off ratio of 3.05 × 108. These results suggest that TiZO thin films are promising for high-performance fully transparent flexible TFTs and displays.
Growth of 48 built environment bacterial isolates on board the International Space Station (ISS)
Authors: Coil David A. , Neches Russell Y. , Lang Jenna M. , Brown Wendy E. , Severance Mark , Cavalier Darlene , Eisen Jonathan A.
Published: March 2016

Background.While significant attention has been paid to the potential risk of pathogenic microbes aboard crewed spacecraft, the non-pathogenic microbes in these habitats have received less consideration. Preliminary work has demonstrated that the interior of the International Space Station (ISS) has a microbial community resembling those of built environments on Earth. Here we report the results of sending 48 bacterial strains, collected from built environments on Earth, for a growth experiment on the ISS. This project was a component of Project MERCCURI (Microbial Ecology Research Combining Citizen and University Researchers on ISS).

Results.Of the 48 strains sent to the ISS, 45 of them showed similar growth in space and on Earth using a relative growth measurement adapted for microgravity. The vast majority of species tested in this experiment have also been found in culture-independent surveys of the ISS. Only one bacterial strain showed significantly different growth in space.Bacillus safensisJPL-MERTA-8-2 grew 60% better in space than on Earth.

Conclusions.The majority of bacteria tested were not affected by conditions aboard the ISS in this experiment (e.g., microgravity, cosmic radiation). Further work onBacillus safensiscould lead to interesting insights on why this strain grew so much better in space.
Novel autophosphorylation sites of Src family kinases regulate kinase activity and SH2 domain‐binding capacity
Authors: Weir Marion E. , Mann Jacqueline E. , Corwin Thomas , Fulton Zachary W. , Hao Jennifer M. , Maniscalco Jeanine F. , Kenney Marie C. , Roman Roque Kristal M. , Chapdelaine Elizabeth F. , Stelzl Ulrich , Deming Paula B. , Ballif Bryan A. , Hinkle Karen L.
Published: March 2016

Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) are critical players in normal and aberrant biological processes. While phosphorylation importantly regulates SFKs at two known tyrosines, large‐scale phosphoproteomics have revealed four additional tyrosines commonly phosphorylated in SFKs. We found these novel tyrosines to be autophosphorylation sites. Mimicking phosphorylation at the C‐terminal site to the activation loop decreased Fyn activity. Phosphomimetics and direct phosphorylation at the three SH2 domain sites increased Fyn activity while reducing phosphotyrosine‐dependent interactions. While 68% of human SH2 domains exhibit conservation of at least one of these tyrosines, few have been found phosphorylated except when found in cis to a kinase domain.
Identification of a novel compound that inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing nucleoside transporters
Authors: Katsuyama Shun , Sugino Kumi , Sasazawa Yukiko , Nakano Yoshihiko , Aono Harumi , Morishita Keisuke , Kawatani Makoto , Umezawa Kazuo , Osada Hiroyuki , Simizu Siro
Published: March 2016

We screened small‐molecule compounds that inhibit osteoclast differentiation to find new anti‐osteoporosis agents and found that a novel compound, SUKU‐1, suppressed osteoclastogenesis. We also synthesized 38 derivatives of SUKU‐1 and discovered that nine of them had inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis and that SUKU‐33 was the most potent inhibitor. Next, we investigated the mechanisms by which SUKU‐33 suppressed osteoclast differentiation. By measuring the uptake of [3H]‐uridine in cells, we found that SUKU‐33 suppressed both equilibrative nucleoside transporters and concentrative nucleoside transporters. These results suggest that SUKU‐33 inhibits osteoclast differentiation by suppressing nucleoside transporters.
Plasma observations during the Mars atmospheric “plume” event of March–April 2012
Authors: Andrews D. J. , Barabash S. , Edberg N. J. T. , Gurnett D. A. , Hall B. E. S. , Holmström M. , Lester M. , Morgan D. D. , Opgenoorth H. J. , Ramstad R. , Sanchez‐Cano B. , Way M. , Witasse O.
Published: March 2016

We present initial analyses and conclusions from plasma observations made during the reported “Mars plume event” of March–April 2012. During this period, multiple independent amateur observers detected a localized, high‐altitude “plume” over the Martian dawn terminator, the cause of which remains to be explained. The estimated brightness of the plume exceeds that expected for auroral emissions, and its projected altitude greatly exceeds that at which clouds are expected to form. We report on in situ measurements of ionospheric plasma density and solar wind parameters throughout this interval made by Mars Express, obtained over the same surface region but at the opposing terminator. Measurements in the ionosphere at the corresponding location frequently show a disturbed structure, though this is not atypical for such regions with intense crustal magnetic fields. We tentatively conclude that the formation and/or transport of this plume to the altitudes where it was observed could be due in part to the result of a large interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) encountering the Martian system. Interestingly, we note that the only similar plume detection in May 1997 may also have been associated with a large ICME impact at Mars.
GPS scintillations in the high latitudes during periods of dayside and nightside reconnection
Authors: Clausen L. B. N. , Moen J. I. , Hosokawa K. , Holmes J. M.
Published: March 2016

We use an automated procedure to identify periods of enhanced dayside reconnection followed by enhanced nightside reconnection in measurements of the polar cap size by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment between January 2010 and December 2012; we find 490 such events. We investigate the dynamics of the spatial distributions of the total electron content (TEC) and phase scintillations of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals across the northern polar region and here report three important findings: (1) While a TEC enhancement (due to polar cap patches) propagates across the polar cap during these events, this enhancement is not associated with significant GPS phase scintillations. (2) Instead, a significant impact on GPS signal quality is first found when the TEC enhancements cross the nightside auroral boundary. (3) In combination with upward field‐aligned currents, these TEC enhancements cause the strongest GPS phase scintillations. We conclude that polar cap patches are not, as previously thought, a space weather threat inside the polar cap but instead reveal their biggest impact once they reach the nightside auroral oval, in particular when combined with upward field‐aligned currents.