bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The calculation of the decomposition products of C5F10O–CO2 mixtures with a chemical kinetic model
Authors: Gao Qingqing , Xiao Yafan , Wang Xiaohua , Sun Haofei , Yang Aijun , Niu Chunping , Wang Chuang
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a chemical kinetic model to investigate the physicochemical process in C5F10O-CO2 mixtures. The model contains 12 ions, including e, C+, O+, C2
+, O2
+, CO+, CO2
+, O−, C−, C2
−, O2
−, O3
− and 38 neutral species, containing C, O, C2, O2, CO, CO2, O3, C5F10O, C4F7Oa, C4F7Ob, C4F7Oc, C4F7Od, C3F5O, C3F4Oa, C3F4Ob, C3F4Oc, C3F4Od, C3F4Oe, C3F3Oa, C3F3Ob, COCF3, C2F2Oa, C2F2Ob, COFC, COF, C3F7a, C3F7b, C3F6a, C3F6b, C2F5, C2F4a, C2F4b, C2F3a, C2F3b, C2F2, CF3, CF2, CF. The total number of 180 reactions are considered. For the reactions whose forward and reverse rate constants can be obtained, the reactions are split into two one-way reactions. In addition, the reactions which produce photons are also considered as one-way reactions. The other reactions are reversable. The reverse rate constants can be obtained by the ratio of the forward rate constants and the equilibrium constants. The molar fractions of the decomposition products in C5F10O-CO2 mixtures with the C5F10O content to be 5%, 7% and 13% are calculated in the temperature range of 500–3500 K. The ratio of the electron temperature to the temperature of the heavy species is calculated to obtain the deviation from local thermodynamic equilibrium in different temperatures. The characteristic decomposition products in different temperature ranges are determined. In addition, the main reaction pathways for the main species are determined by analyzing the contributions of the corresponding reactions to the generation and consumption of the species. In order to validate the chemical kinetic model, the molar fractions of the species in pure CO2 are compared with those by Gibbs free energy minimization in a wide temperature range. This model can help better understand the physicochemical process from the aspect of the reactions during the over-heat fault, and the characteristic decomposition products in different temperature range can help identify the potential fault to avoid great power accidents.
Comparison of thermal and athermal dynamics of the cell membrane slope fluctuations in the presence and absence of Latrunculin-B
Authors: Roy Srestha , Vaippully Rahul , Lokesh Muruga , Nalupurackal Gokul , Yadav Vandana , Chakraborty Snigdhadev , Gopalakrishnan Manoj , Edwin Privita Edwina Rayappan George , Kumar Bajpai Saumendra , Roy Basudev
Published: April 2023

Conventionally, only the normal cell membrane fluctuations have been studied and used to ascertain membrane properties like the bending rigidity. A new concept, the membrane local slope fluctuations was introduced recently (Vaippully et al 2020 Soft Matter
16 7606), which can be modelled as a gradient of the normal fluctuations. It has been found that the power spectral density (PSD) of slope fluctuations behave as (frequency)−1 while the normal fluctuations yields (frequency)

−
5

/

3

even on the apical cell membrane in the high frequency region. In this manuscript, we explore a different situation where the cell is applied with the drug Latrunculin-B which inhibits actin polymerization and find the effect on membrane fluctuations. We find that even as the normal fluctuations show a power law (frequency)

−
5

/

3

as is the case for a free membrane, the slope fluctuations PSD remains (frequency)−1, with exactly the same coefficient as the case when the drug was not applied. Moreover, while sometimes, when the normal fluctuations at high frequency yield a power law of (frequency)

−
4

/

3

, the pitch PSD still yields (frequency)−1. Thus, this presents a convenient opportunity to study membrane parameters like bending rigidity as a function of time after application of the drug, while the membrane softens. We also investigate the active athermal fluctuations of the membrane appearing in the PSD at low frequencies and find active timescales of slower than 1 s.
Gravitational and electromagnetic radiation from binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges: hyperbolic orbits on a cone
Authors: Chen Zu-Cheng , Kim Sang Pyo , Liu Lang
Published: April 2023

We derive the hyperbolic orbit of binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges. In the low-velocity and weak-field regime, by using the Newtonian method, we calculate the total emission rate of energy due to gravitational and electromagnetic radiation from binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges in hyperbolic orbits. Moreover, we develop a formalism to derive the merger rate of binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges from the two-body dynamical capture. We apply the formalism to investigate the effects of the charges on the merger rate for the near-extremal case and find that the effects cannot be ignored.
Periodic electron oscillation in coupled two-dimensional lattices
Authors: Lu Yan-Yan , Wang Chao , Jiang Jin-Yi , Liu Jie , Zhong Jian-Xin
Published: April 2023

We study the time evolution of electron wavepacket in the coupled two-dimensional (2D) lattices with mirror symmetry, utilizing the tight-binding Hamiltonian framework. We show analytically that the wavepacket of an electron initially located on one atomic layer in the coupled 2D square lattices exhibits a periodic oscillation in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. The frequency of this oscillation is determined by the strength of the interlayer hopping. Additionally, we provide numerical evidence that a damped periodic oscillation occurs in the coupled 2D disordered lattices with degree of disorder W, with the decay time being inversely proportional to the square of W and the frequency change being proportional to the square of W, which is similar to the case in the coupled 1D disordered lattices. Our numerical results further confirm that the periodic and damped periodic electron oscillations are universal, independent of lattice geometry, as demonstrated in AA-stacked bilayer and tri-layer graphene systems. Unlike the Bloch oscillation driven by electric fields, the periodic oscillation induced by interlayer coupling does not require the application of an electric field, has an ultrafast periodicity much shorter than the electron decoherence time in real materials, and can be tuned by adjusting the interlayer coupling. Our findings pave the way for future observation of periodic electron oscillation in material systems at the atomic scale.
Fiber-based optrode with microstructured fiber tips for controlled light delivery in optogenetics
Authors: Petrovic Jelena , Lange Fred , Hohlfeld Dennis
Published: April 2023

Objective. Optogenetic modulation of neuronal activity requires precise and flexible light delivery to deep brain regions. Flat cleaved optical fibers combined with electrodes are widely used in implantable optogenetic devices for light delivery and electrical monitoring of neural activity. However, the flat fiber tip geometry induces serious tissue damage upon insertion, and makes it difficult to adjust and control the spatial extent of illumination within the brain. With their strongly increased tissue-compatibility and the possibility of spatial illumination control, tapered fibers outperform cleaved fibers in targeted neural photo-stimulation. Approach. In this work, we describe our device concept, and present a novel approach for reproducible fabrication of tapered fiber tips via grinding. Furthermore, we characterize recording electrodes by commenting data obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We also investigate the impact of different cone angles (14°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) on the illumination profile and optical throughput. Main results. We fabricated a fiber-based optrode with cone tip and two deposited electrodes. Custom grinding setup for fabrication of tapered fiber tips with various cone angles is developed as a part of our research. Microscope images showed very good optical quality of cone tips. The results of transmitted optical power measurements performed with integrating sphere suggest that, compared to the flat cleaved optical fiber, transmitted power decreases exponentially with cone angle reduction. Obtained emission profiles (as induced fluorescence in Rhodamine 6G water solution) indicate very strong effect of cone angle on shape and size of illumination volume. Results obtained from EIS show the effect of electrode size on its recording capability. Significance. Compared to optrodes with flat cleaved optical fiber, the demonstrated fiber-based optrode with cone tip allows controlled light delivery with reduced invasiveness. The possibility to fabricate reproducible fiber tips with various cone angles enables control of light delivery in optogenetic experiment. The results presented here give neuroscientists the possibility to choose the appropriate tissue-compatible cone geometry depending on their stimulation requirements.
Research on two-phase flow insulation experimental equipment and method
Authors: Luo Xugang , Zhou Xiong , Zhong Laisheng , Xu Yongsheng
Published: April 2023

To characterize and identify the discharge characteristics of two-phase flow, the research scheme and experimental device of two-phase flow discharge characteristics based on IEC 60270 partial discharge experimental method are designed in this paper. The PRPD (Pass Resolved Partial Discharge) method is extended to the PRPDN (Pass Resolved Partial Discharge Number) method, and an experimental method suitable for the analysis of two-phase flow discharge characteristics and the analysis method of two-phase flow characteristics are proposed, which lays a foundation for the experiment and analysis of two-phase flow discharge characteristics.
Dynamic Reactive Power Optimization Configuration of New Energy Power Station Based on Fault Limit Removal Time
Authors: Tian Na , Cui Tongfei , Rong Shiyang , Liang Jifeng , Dong Jingyuan
Published: April 2023

The large-scale construction of long-distance, high voltage level transmission projects and sustained load demand increase negatively influence transient voltage stability. A certain amount of dynamic Var compensation at the receiving end of the power grid can significantly improve the stability. Most new energy power plants, such as wind power, and photovoltaic generation, have installed dynamic Var compensation devices. The potential for safety and stability control should be fully exploited. In this paper, it is concluded that the critical fault clearing time is the main index to measure the transient voltage stability of the system, and the critical fault clearing time has been extended by allocating dynamic Var compensation. According to these conclusions, a method for optimal allocation of dynamic Var compensation to improve critical fault clearing time is proposed. The method has determined the optimal capacity and the installation point. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through simulations on the actual power grid.
Optimal control study of solar-air source heat pump coupled heating system operation
Authors: Li Xulin , Liu Shiyuan , Wang Yunlong
Published: April 2023

With China’s ambitious goals of carbon capping by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, the multi-energy coupled clean heating technology represented by solar-air source heat pumps is developing rapidly. In order to solve the above problems, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the multi-energy coupled heating system by establishing a virtual simulation model and optimizing the system operation and control modes. Technical support is provided for efficiently utilizing multi-energy coupled heating technology in rural buildings.

In this paper, the mathematical model of the system is established by analyzing the form and working principle of the solar-air source heat pump coupled heating system. Initially, three operation strategies are constructed: priority utilization of solar energy strategy (Strategy I), air source heat pump fixed temperature switching strategy (Strategy II), and air source heat pump timed switching strategy (Strategy III), laying the foundation for operation strategy optimization.

The dynamic load change pattern of the building in winter was calculated using TRNSYS software, based on which equipment selection was carried out, and a simulation model of the solar-air source heat pump coupled heating system was established. The system operation strategy was optimized. A temperature difference control strategy was used for the solar collector cycle control optimization, which increased the solar collector efficiency by 12% compared to the fixed temperature control strategy. Based on typical climate data, the heating season was divided into 10 phases according to a 15-day cycle, and three operation strategies were optimized and compared for each phase with the goal of comprehensive system energy efficiency. After comparison and analysis, strategy 1 and 3 have their advantages in different stages of the heating season. The operation strategies with higher system energy efficiency in each stage were combined in the heating season, called combined operation strategy (strategy 4), and compared with other strategies in the heating season. Compared with strategy 1 and strategy 3 in the whole heating season, the system energy efficiency of strategy 4 was improved by 3%-6%. This indicates that strategy 4 has better operation effect.
Annealing effect on the crystallinity characteristics of XLPE from High-voltage Cables
Authors: Zhong Dehui , Yi Chen , Zhou Xin
Published: April 2023

The thermal effects during the cable operation brought various changes in cable insulation, strongly affecting the cable’s long-term behavior. In this study, a new and seven-year serviced 110 kV XLPE cable was taken, and the insulation layer was peeled and thermally aged at 115 for various 60, 120, and 180 days. Then, they were annealed at 90 to 115°C with a gap of 5°C, respectively. The gel content and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were measured. The results show that the 60 and 120-day aging tests promote the crystallization of XLPE and show a higher recrystallization point and crystallinity, while the 180 days aging test brought an opposite change. After the annealing process, melting point and crystallinity increase with the increasing annealing temperature. Before they reached the highest values, 60-day-aged peels showed higher the two factors than the fresh peels, with a slight difference to 120-day-aged peels, but 180-day aged showed the lowest values. However, the annealing process results in a lower melting point and crystallinity when the temperature exceeds the optimum point. Finally, it was found that the crystallization characteristics of the aged XLPE peels could be improved if the annealing was done at proper temperatures.
Photovoltaic inverter anomaly detection method based on LSTM serial depth autoencoder
Authors: Hu Wei , Dong Zixian , Huang Xingjie , Gao Yating , Zhang Zhaoxia , Hao Jiaxin
Published: April 2023

To ensure the safety of the massive growth of distributed photovoltaic grid-connected inverters and the security of backhaul data in the context of new power systems, research on anomaly detection has also been put on the agenda. The data of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter has complex time dependence and uncertainty, and the data security problem is prone to occur in the process of data transmission, and the existing anomaly detection means do not comprehensively consider these factors, and cannot timely find the abnormal phenomena caused by the synthesis of data security and their faults, which leads to the tampering of power data and the increase of operation and maintenance costs. To solve the above problems, an anomaly detection method integrating a long short-term memory network (LSTM) and serial depth autoencoder (DAE) is proposed based on edge computing, characterized by the power and voltage of the device, the length, and the delay of the data. Firstly, the method performed time series transformation processing on the original training dataset through the sliding window. Then, the model was trained using LSTM and DAE. Finally, the decoding error of the test data was compared with the threshold obtained by the training. The example verification shows that the model has achieved good performance in the recall rate, accuracy rate and F1 score, and can effectively detect the equipment that produces its fault or data return abnormality in the photovoltaic inverter. So, the model has good industrial practical value.
DC operating circuit anomaly detection based on node voltage unsupervised time series
Authors: Zhang Shen Qi , Yuan Wei , Yi Ran , Chen Li
Published: April 2023

With the increase in power system load, the number of switch cabinets increases rapidly, and the accidents caused by DC operating circuits become more and more obvious. Abnormal detection has become an important part of the DC operating circuit. Abnormal data, mainly voltage measurement, often contain important information. Finding and analyzing these abnormal data can give early warning for circuit failure or failure. However, abnormal data is often difficult to obtain and lacks marks, that is, the problem of sample imbalance and unsupervised problems, resulting in abnormal detection methods that can not meet the increasing accuracy and efficiency requirements. Generative adversarial network (GAN) is an unsupervised deep learning model, which has been successfully applied to unsupervised time series anomaly detection. However, GAN has technical difficulties in the anomaly detection process, and there is still room for optimization in accuracy. In this paper, the unsupervised time series anomaly detection method based on GAN is studied, and an anomaly detection method of a DC operating circuit combined with LSTM and GAN is designed.
Analysis of Typical Faults and Defects and Testing Methods of Complete Set of Turns-Regulating Arc Suppression Coil
Authors: Xiang Yingzhu , Li Xin , Sun Qiuqin
Published: April 2023

In recent years, many automatic tracking compensation turns-regulating arc suppression coils have been installed in substations to compensate for the increasing capacitive current. However, the frequent occurrence of the fault defects of the arc suppression coil itself has caused a series of new problems, such as causing abnormal bus voltage at the low-voltage side of the substation. Through the analysis and classification of typical faults and defect cases of the complete set of turns-regulating arc suppression coil, it is found that the most vulnerable parts of the device are the on-load tap changer, damping resistance cabinet and control unit. Aiming at the problem that the detection means of the complete arc suppression coil device are insufficient, this paper proposes a new test method, including a compensation characteristic test and relevant accessories test. Based on the new test method, a simulation test platform was built to test 2 sets of turns-regulating arc suppression coil devices. The results show that the new test method has great application value.
Data cleaning method of distributed photovoltaic power generation based on clustering algorithm
Authors: Liao Liying , Liu Xinran , Wu Qiutong , Kang Liyan , Shang Ying
Published: April 2023

Due to China’s current energy development strategy, distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation shows continuous growth. Since PV equipment greatly impacts the distribution network, achieving accurate monitoring of operational data is of greater significance. This paper firstly adopts k-means based clustering algorithm to cluster data into more small clusters and make full use of the characteristics of time series to achieve outlier determination; secondly, it proposes an abnormal data classification processing method to improve data utilization and data cleaning accuracy; finally, it interpolates and fills the rejected abnormal values to ensure data integrity and further improve PV power generation data monitoring.
Scheme design of brushless DC excess power generation system
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: April 2023

Brushless motors have the advantages of no brush, low interference, long life, and low maintenance costs, which are increasingly used in aviation power systems. According to the reliability requirements of the aircraft power generation system, this paper proposes a brushless DC excess power generation system scheme, which sends the alternating current generated by the main motor of the brushless DC generator to the AC/DC converter and primary power distribution, while retaining the main motor power generation converted into DC power through the internal rectifier circuit of the motor. The generator controller is designed with double surplus output to improve the reliability of the system power supply.
A Study on the Structural Characteristics of the Blades of Wind Turbines under Static Load Condition
Authors: Xu Lei
Published: April 2023

The study of the structural strength and stiffness of wind turbine blades is an important foundation and guarantee for analyzing the stability and reliability of the complete wind turbine. By analyzing the results of static load experiments and finite element calculation, the stress, strain and deflection of blades can be more precisely determined so as to assess the structural characteristics of blades. We conducted static load tests on the medium-size experimental blades developed by the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and obtained the deflection conditions of flap-wise and edgewise bendings, as well as the analytic results on the strain of the main beams and trailing edges. Meanwhile, a finite element model of blades was built using ANSYS to analyze the maximum deformation, stress, and strain. The corresponding results were compared with those of static load experiments. Then the strain and bending properties of blades under the static load were investigated, and the characteristics of the safety application of blades were verified. The results show that: 1)Within the range of 100% design load, the deflection of edgewise and flapwise directions presented a linear relationship with the applied loads. 2) After the loads in the flapwise direction exceeded 100% design load, a non-linear relationship between the blade bending and the applied loads were found. 3)The blade beam and trailing edge retain good stiffness properties under big strain conditions, and the maximum deformation appeared at the maximum chord length of the trailing edge of the blades. Our results on the static load experiments were basically consistent with the finite element model simulation, which verified the accuracy of the results of the static load experiment and finite element simulation of blades.
A Complex Affine Distribution Power Flow Considering the Power Correlation of Distributed Photovoltaic Generations
Authors: Zhang Jianmin , Li Shangang , Qi Zhanhua , Wang Zhitao , Shi Haiqing , Xue Feng
Published: April 2023

As the development of distributed photovoltaic (PV), the power flow distribution and the voltage level of the distribution network change dramatically, which increases the difficulty and complexity of the distribution network regulation. In this paper, a complex affine distribution power flow considering the power correlation of distributed photovoltaic generations is proposed, which improves the accuracy and effectiveness of power flow calculation of the distribution network. Firstly, the k-means clustering algorithm is used to divide the distributed photovoltaic into several clusters, and the complex affine model of distributed generations (PVs) and energy storage system (ESS) is established. The forward-backward sweep power flow based on the complex affine arithmetic is used to solve the problem. Compared with other algorithms, the completeness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm are verified. Two different scenarios are formed by establishing the complex affine power model of the energy storage element before and after accessing ESS. By comparison, the effect of energy storage on the reduction of distributed PV fluctuations is verified.
Research and Development of Automatic Test Equipment for Oil Varnish Propensity Rating in Electric Power
Authors: Hu Xuechao , Xue Shouhong , Sun Liqiang , Liu Jiang
Published: April 2023

This article introduces the research and development of transformer oil automatic varnish propensity rating test equipment based on membrane patch colorimetry (MPC). The equipment can automatically complete all the working links of the varnish propensity rating test process like transformer oil sampling, sample maturation, dissolution filtration, color difference detection and calculation, saving a lot of manpower and material resources, improving detection efficiency, and promoting the application of varnish propensity rating to evaluate the state of transformer oil, provide technical support for transformer safety detection.
Calculation and test analysis for power frequency electromagnetic field of transmission line crossing agricultural greenhouse area
Authors: Fang Ming , Li Tianchu , Wu Zhipeng , Wei Ning , Rong Bin
Published: April 2023

To assess the electromagnetic environment (EME) of high-voltage AC transmission lines (TLs) across agricultural greenhouses (AGs), a program that can calculate the power frequency electromagnetic field (PFEMF) under various AC TLs is compiled based on the principle of the simulated charge method and the simulated current method, and the power frequency electric field (PFEF) and magnetic field (MF) strength of AGs are calculated and compared with the field measurement results. The results show that the field measurement values of PFEF intensity and magnetic induction intensity in AGs do not exceed the standard requirements of 10kV/m and 0.1mT. The existence of AGs has a certain influence on the electric field (EF) distribution, but has little influence on the power frequency magnetic field (PFMF). For the PFEF and PFMF in AGs, the numerical calculation results are basically consistent with the field measurement results. The above results provide a reference for the EME assessment of high-voltage AC TLs across AGs.
Influence of phase sequence arrangement on the electromagnetic environment of four-circuit AC line on the same tower
Authors: Li Tianchu , Wu Zhipeng , Liu Yuanhuang , Liu Hongyan , Fang Ming
Published: April 2023

The paper predicts the power frequency electric field (PFEF), audible noise (AN), and radio interference (RI) of double-circuit 220kV and double-circuit 110kV four-circuit lines on the same tower erected on the same tower through the numerical calculation method of electromagnetic environment (EME) of AC transmission lines (TLs). Through a typical tower structure, the influence of the phase sequence (PS) on the EME is analysed, and the optimal and worst PSs are obtained. The optimal PS can significantly improve the EME, especially with a good confinement effect on the electric field’s power frequency. In addition, it also focuses on analyzing the influence degree of PS when the phase spacing, conductor-to-ground height and layer spacing change and establishes the applicable range of the optimal PS.
The design and assembly research high voltage supercapacitor cell
Authors: Tu Dan , Xu Jianhua
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the boron (B) and nitrogen (N) are added into carbon (C) structure named BCN. The BCN was used as electrode materials in supercapacitor cell, which shows good performance in electrochemistry test. The research results show that the performance of the BCN based-supercapacitor can be up to 806.1 mF at current density of 3 mA in KOH electrolyte. Besides, the capacity of supercapacitor cell in DLC301 electrolyte can be up to 782.9 mF at current density of 5 mA and the voltage increases to 2.7 times compared with KOH electrolyte.
Research and Optimization on the Factors Influencing the Emission and Speed Jitter of GDI Engine Catalytic Converter Heating Conditions
Authors: Ma Xiang
Published: April 2023

The case study shows the process of emission and engine speed oscillation optimization of the Borgward project with engine G01, GDI, transmission 6AT, and EU5 standards. A series of methods were adopted during the optimization process, including catalyst-heating idle speed, fuel rail pressure, ignition angle, exhaust VVT position, angle injection beginning 1st of suction stroke injection in the HSP during catalyst heating (SOI), end angle of 1st injection in hp2 while catalyst heating (EOI), split factor HP2 injection compression stroke during catalyst heating, the maximum time for active catalyst heating, etc. Finally, the emission result reaches the target, and the engine speed oscillation is optimized.
Study on the Adaptability of the Model of the Steam Turbine Speed Governing System under the Working Conditions of Deep Peak Regulation
Authors: Zhu Longfei , Xie Changya , Zhang Teng , Si Paiyou , Liu Shuangbai , Mei Long
Published: April 2023

At present, power system stability analysis model usually adopt the BPA model, which is provided by the PSD-BPA Transient Stability Program User Manual, and the model parameters are usually obtained from the measured data of 80% or more typical working conditions. With the expansion of load operating interval after retrofitting the flexibility of thermal power units, whether the model parameters can accurately simulate the response changes of the power system under the working conditions of deep peak regulation, that is, the model adaptability under the working conditions of deep peak regulation needs to be further studied. In this paper, the measured data of a 660MW subcritical unit under the working conditions of deep peak regulation was simulated and identified through the model. After the analysis of the simulation results, it was found that the model parameters under the working conditions of deep peak regulation greatly deviated compared with those under typical working conditions, so the model’s adaptability was poor.
Research on Live overhaul Method and Equipment for V-hanging Insulator String of Medium Phase Bridge Shape Cross Bear in 500kV Transmission Line
Authors: Xu Li , Li Zhihui , Wang Peng , Yang Yun , Liu Kan , Wu Zhitian , Luo Changhong , Guo Wenbin , Wei Yi
Published: April 2023

Ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission lines are important for electricity transmission. Medium phase bridge shape cross bear is a special structure; No tool can be used to replace the V-hanging insulator string with live power. In view of this problem, the live overhaul method of V-hanging insulator string of medium phase bridge shape cross bear in 500kV transmission line is invented, the security is analyzed, and the developed equipment is simulated and tested. The results of the research show that it can meet working conditions and accelerate working efficiency, which is important for the kind of maintenance.
A DC Estimation Method to Improve the Accuracy of DC Power Flow
Authors: Yi Lin , Yuchen Tang , Wentao Zhang , Ruipeng Guo , Wei Wu
Published: April 2023

The DC power flow(DCPF) method greatly simplifies the process of power flow calculation compared with the AC power flow(ACPF) method. However, when the DCPF method is applied in the larger power system, its calculation deviation will be larger due to a mass of total active power loss of the system. It will be difficult to meet the requirements of the actual applications in the grid. By using ACPF as the measured values, a DC state estimation method is proposed here to correct the parameter of the DCPF model. The case study in the actual grid proves that this method can significantly relieve the calculating deviation of the DCPF method. Meanwhile, the method can effectively improve the calculation speed and better meet the accuracy requirements of practical grid applications.
Research on Data Acquisition Technology of Intelligent Laboratory Based on Retinex-Net Image Recognition
Authors: Ye Li , Wei Wei , Wang Yingchun , Guo Yue , Yu He , Wang Yalan
Published: April 2023

The reliability of electric power metering verification data is related to the accuracy and fairness of electric power trade settlement. Most of the existing verification equipment uses traditional pointer-type electrical verification instruments. The verification process requires the manual recording of data and the issuance of verification reports. There are problems such as low data collection efficiency, high error rate, and human tampering, which lead to great uncertainty in the detection results. This paper presents a data acquisition technology of pointer-type electrical verification instruments based on Retinex-Net image recognition for power metering verification data acquisition of intelligent laboratory, which realizes automatic data acquisition of power metering verification, ensures the accuracy and reliability of verification results, and effectively supports the digital transformation and development of power metering verification field.
Biomass Entrained Flow Gasification Technology and CFD Numerical Simulation
Authors: Ge Zhihong , Zhou Quan , Xu Litong , Qi Yunfei , Ma Dong , Jiang Congbin , Ding Jianping , Zhang Wenbin
Published: April 2023

Aiming at the dry pulverized biochar fuel refined by thermochemical conversion technology, its properties were obtained through experiment. By blending 5% additives to improve the ash fusion characteristics of biomass particles and considering the viscosity-temperature characteristics and the matching principle of CO2 reaction activity, the entrained flow gasification technology scheme of biomass particles was formulated. Based on the gasification reaction kinetics of dry pulverized biochar, a numerical simulation model was established to predict the flow characteristics, syngas composition, and particle conversion process in the gasifier. The results show that under the swirling entrainment and centrifugal force, the oxidizing reaction of particles is completed in the upper part of the gasifier quickly after mixing with oxygen. And the gasification reduction reaction occurs in the recirculating area and the pipe flow area. These effectively complete the conversion of char. The simulation results are in good agreement with the equilibrium calculation values, which proves the feasibility and rationality of the biomass particle entrained flow gasification technology scheme based on the HT-L.
Research on 3D Shape Monitoring System of Submarine Cable
Authors: Zheng Xinlong , Lu Zhifei , Chen Tieyi , Lei Zhichu , Li Yuan
Published: April 2023

Submarine cables have been used for more than one hundred years, while they have been widely used in recent decades. Safety has always been an issue with submarine cable applications because of their fast expansion. Submarine cables are more susceptible to operational risks and failure than terrestrial cables. Once the submarine cable malfunctions, it will bring huge inconvenience to production and life, which will cause huge economic losses. Therefore, it is very necessary to quickly locate the fault point of the cable and complete the emergency repair work. This article provides a 3D monitoring method for submarine cables, with a simulation monitoring system built in the laboratory to verify the method’s feasibility.
Research on MPPT control strategy based on the Perturbation observation method
Authors: Lv GuanXi , Bai Di
Published: April 2023

About traditional disturbance observation of larger changes in the external environment, the need for successive change step length, thus slow convergence speed of the shortcomings, based on traditional disturbance observation method, will be the main factors influencing the photovoltaic battery power curve (temperature, light intensity) is introduced into the control strategy of, when external conditions change dramatically, the method can directly reach the optimal duty ratio near, in this way, the slow convergence speed of the traditional perturbation observation method is effectively improved, and the dynamic tracking performance is optimized. In Matlab/Simulink, the improved control strategy model is built to verify that the improved control strategy can significantly improve the convergence speed and efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system under the working condition of large changes in temperature and external illumination intensity.
Analysis of the Route Selection of HVDC in the Yangtze River Delta Load Center under the Background of the New Power System
Authors: Song Tianli , Wang Shihao , Qi Yuchen , Qiang Yumeng , Liu Ziqiu , Zhang Shuangbao , Xia Kai , Yu Xuan
Published: April 2023

As the load center in East China, the receiving-end power grid in the Yangtze River Delta is densely distributed with conventional DC and faces great security and stability risks in the context of the development of dual-carbon and new power systems. Based on the existing problems in the Yangtze River Delta power grid, this paper draws up different DC technology routes and compares and selects them based on the safety and stability support capabilities and reactive power support capabilities of the receiving-end power grid, the impact on the short-circuit current of the system, technology maturity, land occupation, and economy, and finally put forward the recommended technical route for a foreign power to enter Shanghai.
Optical characterization of lithium fluoride thin-film imaging detectors for monochromatic hard X-rays
Authors: Vincenti M.A. , Montereali R.M. , Nichelatti E. , Nigro V. , Piccinini M. , Koenig M. , Mabey P. , Rigon G. , Dabrowski H.J. , Benkadoum Y. , Mercere P. , Da Silva P. , Pikuz T. , Ozaki N. , Makarov S. , Pikuz S. , Albertazzi B.
Published: April 2023

Lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals and thin films have been successfully investigated as X-ray imaging detectors based on optical reading of visible photoluminescence emitted by stable radiation-induced F2 and F+
3 colour centres. In this work, the visible photoluminescence response of optically-transparent LiF film detectors of three different thicknesses, grown by thermal evaporation on Si(100) substrates and irradiated with monochromatic 7 keV X-rays at several doses in the range between 13 and 4.5 × 103 Gy, was carefully investigated by fluorescence optical microscopy. For all the film thicknesses, the photoluminescence response linearly depends on the irradiation dose in the investigated dose range. The lowest detected dose, delivered to the thinnest LiF film, only 0.5 μm thick, is estimated 13 Gy. Edge-enhancement imaging experiments, conducted by irradiating LiF film detectors at the same energy placing an Au mesh in front of them at a distance of 15 mm, allowed estimating a spatial resolution of (0.38 ± 0.05) μm, which is comparable to the microscope one. This very high spatial resolution in LiF film radiation detectors based on colour centres photoluminescence is combined with the availability of a wide field of view on large areas.
Design of artificial neural network hardware accelerator
Authors: Kuznar Damian , Szczygiel Robert , Maj Piotr , Kozioł Anna
Published: April 2023

We present a design of the scalable processor capable of providing an artificial neural
network (ANN) functionality and in-house developed tools for automatic conversion of an ANN model
designed with the TensorFlow library into an HDL code. The hardware is described in SystemVerilog
and the synthesized module of the processor can perform calculations of a neural network with the
speed exceeding 100 MHz. Our in-house designed software tool for ANN conversion supports
translation of an arbitrary multilayer perceptron neural network into a state machine module,
which performs necessary calculations. It is also dynamically reconfigurable so that the ANN
operating on the hardware can be changed after it is deployed as an ASIC. The project aims the
in-pixel implementation towards an X-ray photon energy estimation. The energy estimation shall be
delivered with accuracy that exceeds the accuracy of an ADC converter that feeds the ANN with data.
Study of hybrid micropattern gaseous detector with CsI photocathode for Super Tau-Charm facility RICH
Authors: Li Ping , Chen Shiping , Liu Qian , Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Anqi , Feng Jianxin , Hou Baolin , Liu Hongbang , Zhao Lei , Shao Ming , Liu Jianbei , Zheng Yangheng
Published: April 2023

Super τ-Charm facility (STCF) is a future electron-positron collider operating in the
τ-Charm energy region with the aim of studying hadron structure and spectroscopy. The
baseline design of the STCF barrel particle identification (PID) detector, which covers momentum
up to 2 GeV/c, is provided by a Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counter (RICH). The RICH features an
approximately focusing design with liquid perfluorohexane sealed in a quartz container as the
radiator and a hybrid combination of CsI-coated THGEMs and Micromegas as the photo-electron
detector. A 16×16 cm2 prototype with a quartz radiator has been built and tested at
DESY and stably operated with an effective gain of 105. In this paper, the design,
performance, and reconstruction algorithm of RICH detectors are discussed.
Evaluation the Antifungal Activity of Green Biosynthesis Silver Nanoparticles Using Pomegranate Peel Extract
Authors: Jasim Jasim Younis , Al-Taee Shahbaa Khalil Ebrahim
Published: April 2023

The eco-friendly and naturally source for synthesis of nanoparticles is the safe and more important methods for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles(Ag NPS), so the goals of these study was to investigate the role of pomegranate peel extract as reducing agent for Ag+ and biosynthesis for Ag NPS and determined it is activity in vitro as antifungal. The changes in the color solution to dark brown after three days is the first step to determine the pomegranate silver nitrate nanoparticles (P-AgNO3 NPS), The UV-spectroscopy results show a broad wavelength arranged between 400-450 nm, pomegranate peel extract(PPE) was considered as reducing agent in a spectral analysis using Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The average size of P-AgNO3 NPS is about 35-77 nm which determined by the scan electron microscop(SEM) and the zeta potential was -29Mv, Further the antifungal activity of P-AgNPs was evaluated at 150 ppm against Aspergillus flavus. The conclusion of these study was that the AgNPs may be synthesized quickly, easily, and cheaply using green synthesis which uses bioactive compound from natural source as reducing or stabilizing agents.
Preparation and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Rosemary and Olive Leaf Aqueous Extracts
Authors: Al-khafaji Eussur Noory , Mathkoor Maryam Mansoor , Al-Anbari H.H.
Published: April 2023

Nano technology is single of the current technologies that are used in several playing field as well as agriculture, Nano-particles are produced in various ways, one of which is the biological method, which is one of the easy, fast, inexpensive and environmentally safe methods. This reference study deals with the latest studies on the manufacture of microorganisms and plant extracts, Biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts. This study aims to use extracts of olive leaves and rosemary leaves as a biological agent to reduce silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles and capping solutions at pH 6.5 the color of the extracts changed from brown to dark green after adding silver nitrate solution indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles. These nano compounds were characterized using X-ray Diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy and UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible radiation Spectral analysis which showed the highest peaks for olive leaf and rosemary extracts, respectively, at 450nm and 590nm, When examining the extracts of silver nanoparticles for olive leaves and rosemary leaves characterized using X-ray Diffraction a peak at 2θ= 40 appeared indicating the presence of silver nanoparticles, Finally, when diagnosing silver nanoparticles using atomic force electron technology The given microscopy (AFM) showed limited bandwidth high molecular assemblies of silver nanoparticles of olive leaf and rosemary leaf extract respectively (0-8.4) and (0-31) nm.
Effect of Salicylic Acid and Nano-Silicon of the Enzymatic Activity for Potato Shoots Grown Under Salt Stress in Vitro
Authors: Muslim Duraid Amer , Al-Shareefi Mohammed J. H. , Alazawi Saad Shaker M.
Published: April 2023

The experiment was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory, Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University during the September 2021 to June 2022. The experiment was conducted according to a complete randomized design (CRD) with two factors and ten replicates. The first factor included sodium chloride in three concentrations (0, 50, 100) mmol.L-1, and the second factor included five concentrations of salicylic acid and nano-silicon (0, 1.5 mg.L-1 nano-silicon, 3.0 mg.L-1 nano-silicon and 14 mg.L-1 salicylic acid, 28 mg.L-1 salicylic acid). The results of the experiment showed the interaction between sodium chloride and addition of salicylic acid or nano silicon to the MS medium, and there was a significant effect of the enzymatic activity and proline. The interaction treatment ( 100 mmol.L-1 NaCl with salicylic acid14 mg.L-1) recorded the highest activity of Peroxidase (43.03), compared with the interaction treatment (0 mmol.L-1 NaCl with salicylic acid14 mg.L-1) which recorded the lowest activity of the Peroxidase enzyme reached (23.22). The interaction treatment ( 50 mmol.L-1 NaCl with salicylic acid at a 14 mg.L-1) recorded the highest activity of the enzyme (14.13).Compared with the interaction treatment (0 mmol.L-1 NaCl with 28 mg.L-1 salicylic acid), which recorded the lowest activity of the catalase enzyme (8.89). The interaction treatment (100 mmol.l-1 NaCl without adding nano-silicon or salicylic acid ) recorded the highest average of shoots content of proline (0.868). Compared with the interaction treatment (0 mmol.L-1 NaCl with 14 mg.L-1 salicylic acid), which recorded the lowest average in proline content (0.555).
Making Bread Using Kefir and its Effect on Stalling and Role in Prolonging of Bread Shelf Life
Authors: Abdul-Rahman Sawsan Mustafa , Mahommed Baidiaa Hafidh , Ahmaed Asmaa Sabah
Published: April 2023

The aim study to know the effect of adding kefir on Physical characteristics of bread produced and on extending the shelf life of the bread. The results showed that the addition of kefir affected the weight of the samples as it reached the control sample 179 gm, and then came samples T3, T4, and T2, reaching ( 186, 180, 164 ) gm respectively. The volume of control bread was higher than those samples with kefir which was 450 ml this agreed with The volume decreased in samples T2, T4, T3 as they reached ( 340, 340, 228) ml respectively. The specific weight was recorded in the control treatment the highest percentage, followed by treatment T4, T2, T3, as it reached ( 2.5, 2.07, 1.8, 1.7 ). (ml/gm), respectively. The other parameter of stalling is the volume of precipitate (ppt). No significant different was found for ppt. volume between the control and sample with kefir after 24hrs while samples with kefir had higher ppt.volume after 3 and 5 days comparing with control. as samples with 100% kefir had 26,30ml ppt.volume. Acidity which is parameter of stalling in samples T1, T2, T3, T4 after 24hrs storing it reached ( 5.1, 5.3, 5.4, 4.5) respectively. while some changes absorved after 3 and 5 days, for sample it reached ( 5.2, 5.36, 5.01, 4.81 ), ( 5.1, 5.36, 5.01, 4.8). It was found that the crumb water absorption of water, at room temperature after 24hrs of baking for control and other sample with kefir were not significantly different while there was a significant different between samples with kefir The results showed that all used concentration of kefir contributed in minimize of total number of bacteria of stored bread samples in different periods. The low acidity of kefir as a result of the action of lactic acid bacteria works to reduce bacteria, especially aerobic bacteria. The results of the sensory evaluation of the sample showed that the control treatment obtained the highest evaluation, and it was not a significant difference from treatment T2 and T3, while treatment T4 received the lowest percentage of sensory evaluation by the evaluators.