bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absolute Power and Unsustainable Tyranny
Authors: Granirer Jonathan
Published: September 2023

This article explores Roman political theory on the legitimacy and use of emperors’ absolute power. Circa 55 C.E., Seneca, a Stoic philosopher and senior advisor to the Roman Emperor Nero, authored the treatise De Clementia, in which he advised the young emperor to rule with clemency and moderation. Despite the rich body of scholarship that examines this treatise, there is an absence of academic analyses that situate De Clementia within the context of the governmental mechanics of Rome. In this article, I argue that Seneca’s treatise depicts Nero’s supreme authority as contingent upon his capacity to uphold his obligations as an emperor. Further, I contend that this interpretation provides a genuine account of the political relations between Nero’s regime and Rome’s political elite that have not been examined in detail by previous scholarship on De Clementia. Finally, I posit that this treatise reveals how those operating at the top of Rome’s political hierarchy understood the emperor’s possession of absolute power to be tenuous and therefore cultivated tactics to maintain the longevity of the reigning regime.
Letter from the Editor
Authors: Arvay Emily
Published: September 2023

Managing Editor:Emily Arvay

Associate Editor: Yin Lam 

Cover image: Sun Melt by Heliotrope Stardust. Copyright 2023 by The Arbutus Review. Printed with permission.
Determining Frequency Importance Function for Speech Intelligibility of Persian Monosyllabic Words and the List of Quick Speech in Noise in Persian Language
Authors: Taghavi Seyyed Mohammad Reza , Mohammadkhani Ghassem , Rouhbakhsh Nematollah , Taghavi Seyyed Ali Mohammad , Jalilvand Hamid , Fatahi Farzaneh
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim: The Frequency Importance Function (FIF) is the main component of the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) for a certain language. The FIF indicates the relative importance of each frequency band as it contributes to speech intelligibility. This study was conducted to determine the FIF for the Persian monosyllabic words and the list of Quick Speech in Noise (QSIN) in Persian language.
Methods: In this exploration study, 34 monolingual Persian-speaking subjects aged  25–40 years with normal hearing (17 males) were included. The FIF was evaluated for 100 monosyllabic words and 30 sentences of Persian QSIN under 180 different auditory conditions. The speech recognition scores were calculated and crossover frequencies were determined. Then, the relative transfer function was extracted and FIFs were calculated.
Results: The findings showed that for monosyllabic word material, the FIF had three peaks at 178, 1787, and 4467 Hz and for Persian QSIN, the FIF had an initial peak at about 141 Hz followed by a peak at about 1800 Hz. According to the results, the frequency range 891–8913 Hz is very important for recognition of the Persian words. Moreover, the mean crossover frequencies for the Persian sentences was 1446 Hz.
Conclusion: For monosyllabic word material in the Persian language, the FIF at 708–1778 Hz is very important for recognition of the Persian monosyllabic words. For sentence material in the Persian Language, the FIF at 708–4467 Hz has the highest importance for recognition of Persian sentences.
Keywords: Frequency importance function; speech intelligibility index; monosyllabic word; quick speech in noise list; Persian language
Combining Vestibular Rehabilitation and Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation for Treatment of Unilateral Vestibulopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Khavarghazalani Bahare , Ghahraman Mansoureh Adel , Hoseinabadi Reza , Jalaie Shohreh , Kouhi Ali , Yazdani Nasrin
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim: Vestibular Rehabilitation (VR) is a well-accepted treatment for Unilateral Vestibulopathy (UVP). Since noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (nGVS) improves the processing of vestibular inputs, we assessed the synergistic effects of adding nGVS to vestibular rehabilitation for the treatment of UVP.
Methods: Patients with UVP were randomly assigned into two groups receiving either VR for four weeks (VR group, n=12) or VR for four weeks combined with nGVS for three sessions (VR+nGVS group; n=12). Outcome measurements were postural control parameters measured with eyes open/closed conditions on hard/soft surfaces, Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) gain, and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scores that were assessed at baseline and after four weeks.
Results: All postural control parameters,  mean  total  and  subscale  scores  of  DHI,  and  mean VOR gain in directions of affected canals significantly improved in both groups after interventions (p<0.05) except mean mediolateral displacement in conditions with eyes closed on hard surface and with eyes open on soft surface, mean mediolateral velocity in conditions with eyes closed on hard surface, ability to stance with eye closed condition on soft surface   and mean emotional subscale of DHI in VR group. Improvements were significantly higher     in postural control outcomes measured in stances with eyes closed on hard surface and with eyes open and closed on soft surface, mean VOR gains in directions of affected horizontal and anterior canals, and mean total, physical, and functional scores of DHI in VR+nGVS group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: When combined with VR, nGVS shows additional therapeutic effects in UVP patients.
Keywords: Unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy; vestibular compensation; galvanic vestibular stimulation; vestibular rehabilitation; postural control
Effect of Binaural Beat Stimulation on Auditory and Visual Sustained Attentions in Young People with Normal Hearing
Authors: Sabet Vida Khorsand , Mohammadkhani Ghassem , Rouhbakhsh Nematollah , Tavanai Elham
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim: Numerous studies have investigated the effect of binaural beat stimulation on visual attention. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of binaural beats on both auditory and visual sustained attention of young people with normal hearing.
Methods: Thirty normal-hearing people with mean age of 27.77±6.85 years  were  divided into two groups of Sham-Binaural beat (SB, n=15) and Binaural beat-Sham (BS, n=15). The participants in each group performed the Integrated Visual and Auditory-2 Continuous Performance Test (IVA-2 CPT) twice on different days. The SB group performed the IVA-2 CPT first under sham condition and then in the presence of binaural beats. In the BS group, the order was reversed in terms of stimuli presentation. The binaural beat stimulus was an audio file that induced beats at a frequency of 16 Hz by presenting 400 and 416 Hz stimuli to the right and left ears, respectively. The sham stimulus was a pure tone of 400 HZ. A mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used   to compare the means.
Results: The results showed the significant effect of binaural beat stimulation on auditory sustained attention (p<0.001). However, its effect on visual sustained attention was not significant (p=0.061).
Conclusion: Stimulation with binaural beats of 16 Hz may improve the auditory sustained attention in young people with normal hearing. It cannot improve their visual sustained attention.
Keywords: Binaural beat stimulation; visual; auditory; sustained attention
Effect of Different Blood Groups on Auditory Brainstem Response Findings
Authors: Kamalakannan Karupaiah , Sona Aronprabu Chrislin , Sivaranjani Sivagnanam , Thiriveni Surendran , Bhuvaneswari Kumaar , Prabhu Prashanth
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim: The human blood group system can have an effect on the health and auditory system. The present study aimed to determine the differences in the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) recordings among persons with different blood groups (AB, A, B, O).
Methods: Sixty adults aged between 18 and 25 years with normal hearing sensitivity took part in the study. Further, they were grouped into four groups based on their blood groups (A, B, AB, O). Each group consisted of 15 participants. Auditory brainstem responses were recorded for all the participants at different rates (11.1/s and 90.1/s).
Results: The results of the study showed that the amplitude of ABR waves was significantly reduced for individuals with blood group O at lower repetition rate. The amplitude and latency of wave V was reduced at higher repetition rate among individuals with blood group O. There was no significant difference for all the other parameters  across the groups.
Conclusion: The result of the study suggests the possibility of lesser auditory nerve functioning and increased risk of cochlear synaptopathy in persons with the O blood group.
Keywords: Auditory brainstem response; outer hair cell; auditory nerve; cochlear synaptopathy
Components of Health Surveillance System in Natural Disasters that Affect Military Health Services: A Systematic Review
Authors: Naderi Maryam , Khoshdel Ali Reza , Sharififar Simintaj , Dabbagh Moghaddam Arasb , Zareiyan Armin
Published: September 2023

Background: Military health surveillance system, as the first responder in natural disasters, plays an important role in public health. This study aimed to identify those components of the health surveillance system, which influence military health services in natural disasters.
Methods: Five databases of Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, and search engines of Scholar Google, scienceopen.com, openGery.eu, and WHO.int were reviewed from Jan 1990 to Jan 2022. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, various JBI quality assessment tools were applied and the extracted data were analyzed by meta-synthesis method.
Results: Out of 6538 retrieved studies, after the duplicates and irrelevant studies identified in screening stage were removed, 174 studies extracted from the electronic search of databases and 16 studies retrieved from the manual search of other sources were reviewed based on the study inclusion criteria. Finally, 24 studies with inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction. Ten criteria of monitoring, detecting, data collection and reporting, tracking, type of surveillance system, operational readiness, coordination and interaction, feasibility, flexibility, and acceptability were identified as effective components in the surveillance system of military health services. The identified components were classified into two main categories of structural and operational components.
Conclusion: The structural components of the military health surveillance system describe the important infrastructural features of the health surveillance system to preparing for natural disasters; and the operational components explains the effective functional features of military health surveillance system in response of natural disasters. The results of this study help policymakers in military health services implement a more effective health surveillance system in natural disasters.
The Relationships between Social Capital, Metabolic, and Behavioral Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kiani Mohammad Mehdi , Takian Amirhossein , Farzadfar Farshad , Rezaei Shahabeddin , Zandian Hamed
Published: September 2023

Background: Contextual risk factors such as social capital have a vital role in affecting behavioral and biological risk factors of NCDs. We aimed to systematically identify the relationship between different aspects of social capital (SC) with metabolic, and behavioral risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Methods: This is a systematic review. The period of study was 2000-2021. We searched the English international databases, i.e. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies that reported NCDs' metabolic and behavioral risk factors as independent variables, were excluded. We also included studies if they analyzed the association between SC and metabolic and behavioral risk factors of NCDs.
Results: After the primary and quality appraisal process, 97 studies were entered in the final phase of the analysis. Five out of 18 studies reported an inverse association between SC and the level of alcohol drinking. Twenty-seven out of 32 studies reported a significant inverse association between SC and smoking and tobacco use, while only one study reported a significant positive association. Nine studies reported a significant inverse association between SC and high blood pressure. Three studies showed a significant inverse association between SC and diabetes. Seventeen studies indicated a significant positive association between SC and physical activity. Thirteen out of 17 studies reported a significant inverse association between SC, body mass index (BMI) and overweight.
Conclusion: High SC, people's participation and interaction are vital in tackling NCDs. Evidence shows positive effects of SC on prevention, control and improvement of NCDs' metabolic and behavioral risk factors.
Health Promotion Interventions on Helmet Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pre-Test and Post-Test Studies
Authors: Jahangiry Leila , Eisazadeh Saber , Khabiri Roghayeh , Sadeghi-Bazargani Homayoun , Bakhtari-Aghdam Fatemeh , Ponnet Koen
Published: September 2023

Background: We aimed to review the effectiveness of health promotion interventions in the use of helmet and to identify the types of effective health promotion strategies among the examined studies.
Methods: A systematic search was performed on the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Embase databases up to 1 Aug 2022 to find the studies evaluated the effectiveness of health promotion interventions for helmet use among target population. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, interventions with pre- post-test design were included. The dependent variable of the study is the percentage of participants who responded positively toward helmet use in the baseline and after the interventions. Random-effects models were used to pool study results.
Results: Overall, 1,675 articles were found in the initial search and entered into the Endnote software. Of these, 917 duplicate articles were removed, leaving 758 articles were screened based on title and abstract. Finally, 12 eligible articles were included in the review and five with pre and post-test design were included in the meta-analysis. The overall random-effects pooled estimation of persons wearing helmets before and after interventions was 70% (95%CI 21 –119; P<0.001), without a heterogeneity (I2 =0%; P=0.94), which means that the average percentage of changing to helmet use is 70%. Community-based education program was the most commonly applied for interventional studies. The next most commonly used approaches were campaign designing.
Conclusion: Wearing helmet approximately increased 70% among participant. Health promotion strategies may target helmet-wearing behavior to reduce head injuries in motorcyclist road traffic accidents.
Expression and Prognostic Value of m6A RNA Methylation-Related Genes in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Han Hui , Fu Xiaodan , Zhang Yu , Luo Dingcun , Zhang Xianfeng , Wu Xiaohong
Published: September 2023

Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification is involved in tumorigenesis and progression and can affect various stages of RNA processing. We aimed to determine m6A methylation modifications on a transcriptome-wide scale in thyroid cancer.
Methods: RNA samples from cancerous tissues and adjacent tissues extracted from patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) from Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang, China from January 2019 to January 2020 were used for m6A-sequencing. The biological function of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was analyzed via Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Correlation analysis between the results of transcriptome sequencing and m6A-sequencing was also performed. The key m6A immune-related genes were downloaded from Immport. LASSO regression was performed on the resulting genes to establish a prognostic risk model, which was verified by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
Results: An increase in m6A content in the total RNA of PTC was observed. A total of 123 genes with significant differential expression and differential methylation sites in thyroid cancer were selected, related to protein digestion and absorption, linoleic acid metabolism, legionellosis and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. Seven genes (GDNF, EBI3, CCL2, BMP5, TGFB2, CGB3 and RLN2) were found to be predictive of PTC.
Conclusion: We analyzed the expression, enrichment pathways and functions of m6A methylation-related genes in the whole transcriptome of thyroid cancer and provided a prognostic risk model for thyroid cancer patients.
The Relationship of the Prenatal Distress with Health Literacy and Health Perception of Pregnant Women
Authors: Ugurlu Meltem , Uctu Arzu Kul
Published: September 2023

Background: The effects of health-literacy and health-perception on prenatal distress levels of pregnant women were not investigated. We aimed to examine the relationship between pregnant women’s prenatal distress levels with their health-literacy and health-perception and affecting factors.
Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 223 pregnant women in Ankara, Turkey in 2021. Data were collected with a personal information form, Health Literacy Scale (HLS), Health Perception Scale (HPS), and Prenatal Distress Scale (PDS).
Results: Participants’ mean score on the PDS was 11.39±6.17. Participants who had a high level of education (P=0.040), working (P=0.026), no history of miscarriage/abortion (P=0.040), and a bad relationship with their spouses (P<0.001) had significantly higher mean scores on the PDS. There was a significant negative correlation between total PDS and HLS scores (P<0.001) and a positive correlation between total PDS and HPS scores (P<0.001). Total HLS and HPS scores, spousal relationship status, education level, and employment had an effect on the mean PDS score and that the explanatory power of the model was found 21.5% (R2=0.215).
Conclusion: Pregnant women had a moderate level of prenatal distress. While the prenatal distress levels of pregnant women with high health-literacy levels decreased, the levels of those who were employed, had a higher level of education, and had a bad relationship with their spouses increased. Awareness of the factors affecting pregnant women’s prenatal distress can guide the provision of adequate care and support interventions during pregnancy.
The Influence of Treatment Modalities on the Quality of Life of Psoriasis Patients
Authors: Milidrag Ardea , Safiye Teodora , Gutić Medo , Zlatanović Milena , Stevanović Aleksandar , Dubljanin Jakša , Despotović Mile , Miličić Vesna , Radević Svetlana , Ravić-Nikolić Ana
Published: September 2023

Background: We aimed to identify the quality of life (QoL) of patients with psoriasis, to determine the possible differences depending on the therapeutic modalities (biologic, conventional treatment and phototherapy), and to examine other variables that could affect the success of the treatment.
Methods: This research was a non-experimental, quantitative, observational study that included 183 psoriasis patients. The study was conducted from November 2021 to December 2022 at the University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Serbia. The following instruments were used: Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), as well as a general questionnaire that contained a set of questions which referred to sociodemographic data.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the average values of the DLQI score concerning the application of different therapeutic modalities (P<0.001). Biologic treatment was the modality with the lowest impairments in the QoL domain (average value of DLQI score 10.6±7.3), followed by patients on conventional treatment (average value of DLQI score 12.9±7.9), and the highest levels of impaired QoL were in patients who received phototherapy (average value of the DLQI score 13.7±9.3).
Conclusion: Patients on biological therapy at all four time points individually (baseline, 4, 12 and 16 weeks) had the lowest average values of the DLQI score, i.e. the best QoL compared to subjects who received other therapy.
Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy as a Predictor of Long-Term Survival in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectosigmoid Junction Cancer: An Analysis Based On SEER Database
Authors: Shen Qi , Liu Dandan , Liu Shaojun
Published: September 2023

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is recommended to locally advanced rectal cancer, especially for the lower and middle ones. However, the role of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectosigmoid junction cancer remains undetermined. We investigated whether patients with a good response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy will have a relatively better long-term survival compared with those with no response.
Methods: Overall, 1325 patients diagnosed with locally advanced rectosigmoid junction cancer from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) cancer registry database (2004-2014, America) were selected. All of them had received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and were evaluated by Collaborative Stage Data Collection System. We performed Kaplan–Meier univariate analysis and Cox regression multivariate analysis models to estimate the potential prognostic factors of long-term survival outcomes. Response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and histological type of tumor were the two prognostic factors.
Results: The 5-year OS was 78.1% in responders, and 63.4% in nonresponders. In addition the 5-year DSS was 85.1% in responders, and 72.9% in nonresponders.
Conclusion: Based on SEER database in locally advanced rectosigmoid junction cancer, patients with a good response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy could have a benefit of long-term survival.
Direct Costs of Hypertension Treatment in Iran
Authors: Zamandi Mahmoud , Daroudi Rajabali , Sari Ali Akbari
Published: September 2023

Background: Hypertension is a common public health problem with potentially serious consequences. We aimed to explore the direct costs of hypertension treatment in Iran.
Methods: Literature review and STEPS survey were used to estimate the incidence and prevalence of hypertension for Iranian males and females and the proportion of its treatment coverage in 2020. A standard national protocol for hypertension treatment was used to estimate the required medical services including visits, medications, and lab tests. The cost of each service and the total cost of the disease were identified using the national reference costs.
Results: About 23.39 million people suffer from moderate systolic blood pressure (BP of 120 to 139 mm/Hg) and a further 14.6 million people had severe BP (≥140 mm/Hg). Nearby 39.8% of these patients, receive BP treatment. The direct costs of hypertension treatment were 19,006.08 billion IR Rials (USD 87.54 million), of which 16.60% and 83.40% of the costs were related to new and prior cases, respectively. The costs of patient visits, medications, and lab tests were 56%, 35.51%, and 8.49% of the total costs, respectively.
Conclusion: The prevalence and economic burden of hypertension are relatively high in Iran. Early detection and treatment of hypertension might have a significant effect on reducing its complications and costs.
Mortality Rate and Years of Life Lost Due to Road Traffic Accidents in Fars Province, 2004-2019
Authors: Azarbakhsh Habibollah , Rezaei Fatemeh , Dehghani Seyed Sina , Hassanzadeh Jafar , Dehghani Seyed Parsa , Mirahmadizadeh Alireza
Published: September 2023

Background: Traffic accidents are one of the most critical health problems and the ninth leading cause of death globally. We aimed to determine the Mortality rate and the number of Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to road traffic accidents.
 Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, mortality rate and YLL due to road traffic accidents were examined in Fars province, central Iran during the years 2004-2019. Mortality statistics were collected through death registration of ministry of health and medical education for Fars Province. Age Standardized mortality Rate (ASR) was calculated and join point regression analysis carried out to examine the trend of YLL rate. Data were analyzed using Excel spreadsheet version 2016 and Join point Regression Program 4.9.0.0.
Results: During the 16-year study period, 25,858 deaths due to road traffic accidents occurred in the province. 79.2% (20483 cases) were in men, and 33.7% (8703 cases) were aged 15-29 years. Total YLL during the 16-year study period were 458,975 (14.6 per 1000 people) in men, 117,999 (3.8 per 1000 people) in women. According to the join point regression, the 16- year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was decreasing: AAPC was -4.9% (95% CI: -8.8 to -0.9; P=0.018) for male, and -3.5% (95% CI: -6.3 to-0.5; P=0.011) for female.
Conclusion: Considering that the number of deaths, mortality rate and YLL has decreased in Fars province during the 16 years under study. Therefore, because the mortality rate due to road traffic accidents in Iran is higher than the global average, the need for training programs for drivers, compliance with standards and retrofitting of vehicles, road safety, driving supervision and the use of seat belts are essential.
Risk of Gastric Cancer is Highly Dependent on Type of First-Degree Family Member Affected by Cancer: Lessons from a High-Risk Population in Iran
Authors: Abdi Esmat , Latifi-Navid Saeid , Zahri Saber , Mostafaiy Behdad , Yazdanbod Abbas , Pourfarzi Farhad
Published: September 2023

Background: Family history of gastric cancer (GC) in first-degree relatives may increase the risk of GC. This study aimed to assess how family history of GC in first-degree relatives really affects the risk of GC in an extremely high-risk population.
Methods: A large population-based case-control study was carried out on 1222 incident GC cases and 1235 controls in Ardabil Province-a high-risk area in North-West Iran-to assess the associations of GC family history in first-degree relatives with the risk of GC (2003-2017).
Results: GC family history did not significantly associate with the risk of GC overall (ORadj=1.09, 95% CI: 0.80–1.47, P=0.589). It found no significant association of GC family history in a parent, and in a father, mother, and sister separately, with the risk of GC. However, GC risk was significantly associated with a history of GC in a sibling (ORadj=1.61, 95% CI: 1.11–2.35, P=0.013), especially brother (ORadj=2.24, 95% CI: 1.41–3.64, P=0.0008). The risk was greatly increased in subjects with two or more affected brothers (ORadj =5.56, 95% CI: 2.33–14.20, P=0.0002).
Conclusion: We did not find a familial tendency to cardia GC and non-cardia GC as well as histopathologic features. Determining the type of first-degree relationships with GC may, therefore, be more important than assessing family history alone for predicting the risk of GC in this high-risk area.
Effects of Functional Exercise Program on Improving Gluteus Medius Muscle Strength in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Suh Kyoung Soo , Baek Woo Yeul
Published: September 2023

The Article Abstract is not available.
Correlations of Regular Walking Exercise and Body Mass Index with Type 2 Diabetes Prevalence in Korean Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kim Dong-Il
Published: September 2023

The Article Abstract is not available.
Two Methods with Less Donor Site Complications of Epidermal Cellular Grafting in Cell Therapy of Vitiligo
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Ataei Ali , Zare Sona
Published: September 2023

The Article Abstract is not available.
The Predictive Role of Coronary Anxiety Disorder in Marital Conflicts and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Akbari Mahdiyeh , Azadi Mahmoud , Sharif Jafar Talebian
Published: September 2023

Background: The policies established to control the corona virus can cause anxiety of the Coronavirus (COVID-19). Corona anxiety can affect all levels of individuals lives. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of Corona anxiety on marital conflicts and psychological well-being of couples in Mashhad.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional correlational study. The statistical population of the research included all married couples living in Mashhad city, based on Green's rule (1991), 150 people were selected by available sampling method. In this research, Alipour et al.'s Corona Anxiety Questionnaire (2018), Sanai Zaker's Marital Conflicts Questionnaire (2008), and Rief's Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (1989) were used for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation and regression analysis.
Results: The results of Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between Corona anxiety and marital conflicts; additionaly there was a negative and significant relationship between Corona anxiety and psychological well-being.regression analysis showed that Corona anxiety can significantly predict 11.1% variance related to marital conflicts in Mashhad couples. Also, the regression results showed that Corona anxiety can significantly predict 4% variance related to psychological well-being in Mashhad couples.
Conclusion: The findings of this research indicate that Corona anxiety plays an important role in predicting marital conflicts and psychological well-being.
Relationship between Prolactin rs1341239 Gene Polymorphism and Prolactin Serum Level in Iranian Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Rokni Mohsen , Keikha Nasser , Saravani Mohsen , Dehghan Azizallah , Abdi Marjan , Sandoughi Mahnaz , Marooei Milan Rostam
Published: September 2023

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as an inflammatory autoimmune disease, originates from the production of autoantibodies against several cellular components, especially nuclear components such as DNA. Prolactin consists of 199 amino acids and due to the structural similarity with cytokines, this polypeptide has the ability to modulate the immune system, which is characterized by the observation of hyperprolactinemia in autoimmune disorders. The rs1341239 polymorphism of the prolactin gene is associated with several autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between this polymorphism and prolactin serum level in SLE patients in a population from Iran.
Methods: Genotype analysis of prolactin rs1341239 gene polymorphism was performed using blood samples of 90 SLE patients as patients’ group and 90 control samples as the control group through RFLP-PCR method. Also, serum prolactin concentration was measured using ELISA method.
Results: Our results showed a significantly higher serum level of prolactin in patients group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in alleles and genotypes frequencies of rs1341239 polymorphism in patients group compared to the control group. However, a significant correlation was found between the frequency of GG genotype and the reduction of platelets in the blood of patients group.
Conclusion: Our results did not show a significant difference in the frequency of prolactin rs1341239 gene polymorphism in patients and control groups, while we observed the relationship between this polymorphism and platelet count in patients group.
Spiritual Care and Pregnant Women: A Literature Review
Authors: Arbabi Hayedeh
Published: September 2023

Background: Spiritual care is an intervention based on the client's potential power of faith and spirituality, in order to empower him to use spiritual resources, in order to deal with critical situations, including pregnancy. Physical and mental changes during pregnancy make women mentally vulnerable. The purpose of this study is to review the researches done about the effect of spiritual care on pregnancy stress and anxiety.
Methods: In this study, to find articles, search databases, Google Scholar; Iran Medex; Magiran; SID and using a combination of Persian keywords Spiritual care, Spirituality, Pregnant women, Childbirth and their English equivalent in databases, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus without time limit were searched. From a total of 28 articles obtained after careful review in terms of providing duplicate results, 15 articles were selected and finally 7 articles in terms of inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study were included and reviewed.
Results: In general, it can be said that the number of studies conducted in recent years focusing on the effect of spirituality on pregnancy and childbirth is limited. The results of studies have shown that spiritual care can reduce stress, anxiety, depression and even increase the quality of life of pregnant women.
Conclusion: Spirituality can help people to evaluate negative events in a different way, this first creates a sense of control over oneself and the environment, and then reduces anxiety, stress and increases the quality of life.
Evaluation of Nasal Mucociliary Clearance in Recently Diagnosed Covid-19 Patients Before Treatment
Authors: KÖDER Ahmet , KILIÇASLAN Saffet , BELADA Abdullah , HABİLOĞLU Arif Doğan , ATAOĞLU Özlem , SUNGUR Mehmet Ali , ATİK Dursun
Published: September 2023

Objective: Our study aims to evaluate the nasal mucociliary clearance (NMC) in Covid-19 patients who have been recently diagnosed and not been treated yet and investigate how Covid-19 affects NMC.

Methods: A total of 120 participants, who applied to Düzce Atatürk State Hospital between September and November 2020, were included in our study. 60 of them were the participants, diagnosed with Covid-19. And 60 of them were the control group. The age range was 18 to 66. 60 participants, diagnosed with Covid-19 and not yet treated, were included in our study. Those with taste disorders were excluded from the study. The control group consisted of 60 healthy volunteers. NMC was evaluated using a

saccharin test. The results were compared in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

Results: The study group, which consisted of 60 Covid-19 participants of whom treatment was not yet started, and the 60-participant healthy control group were evaluated in our study. The average age of the study group was 40,72±12,96 and 39,16 in the control group. The average NMC was 15,95±3,37 in the study group, and 8,38±1,03 in the control group. When evaluated statistically, it was found higher in the

study group (p
Derin Öğrenme ve ARIMA Yöntemlerinin Tahmin Performanslarının Kıyaslanması: Bir Borsa İstanbul Hissesi Örneği
Authors: Erden Caner
Published: September 2023

Finansal zaman serisi verileri doğrusal olmayan, karmaşık, birçok ekonomik faktörden etkilenen ve tahmin edilmesi zor verilerdir. Çok boyutlu ilişkilerin tahminini gerektiren finansal zaman serisi modelleri için çeşitli istatistiksel yöntemler geliştirilmiştir. Ancak günümüzde büyük verilerin kaydedilmesi, analiz edilmesi ve anlamlı bilgiye dönüştürülmesi kolaylaştığından dolayı finansal tahmin geliştirmede makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarının kullanımı özellikle son yıllarda artmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul endeksinde metal ana pazarında işlem gören EREGL hissesine ait veriler zaman serisi yöntemleri ile analiz edilmiş ardından ARIMA ve derin öğrenme modelleri ile tahmin edilmiştir. Geliştirilen derin öğrenme yönteminde veri ön işleme aşamaları, özellik çıkarımı çalışmaları ve farklı zaman çerçeveleri ile tahmin performansı iyileştirilmiştir. Derin öğrenme algoritmalarının zaman serisi çalışmalarında kullanılabilmesi için zaman gecikmelerinden oluşan bir çerçeve kullanılmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, farklı zaman gecikmeleri için senaryolar denenmiş ve performans kıyaslaması ARIMA modelleri ve uzun-kısa vadeli bellek (LSTM), geçitli tekrarlayan ünite (GRU) ve özyineli sinir ağları (RNN) algoritmalarını kullanan derin öğrenme modelleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel çalıştırmalar ile RNN algoritmasının diğerlerine göre daha iyi tahmin performansına sahip olduğu ve ele alınan test veri seti üzerinde ortalama %93’lük doğrulukla tahmin ettiği ortaya konulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: ARIMA, BIST, Derin Öğrenme, GRU, Hisse Senedi Tahmini, LSTM, RNN
JEL Sınıflandırması: E47, G17, E37
Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşında Yaptırımlar ve Enerji Güvenliği; Karşılıklı Ekonomik Bağımlılıklar Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Battır Orhan , Yiğittepe Levent
Published: September 2023

Şubat 2022’de sıcak çatışmalarla başlayan Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı özellikle AB ülkelerini enerji arzı güvenliği konusunda yakın geçmişte hiç olmadığı kadar ciddi sorunlarla karşı karşıya getirmiştir. Bir yandan AB çatısı diğer yandan NATO şemsiyesi altında Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya saldırısına yaptırımlar yoluyla tepki vermeye yönelen Avrupa ülkelerinin, özellikle Rus doğalgazına bağımlılıkları nedeniyle beklenen etkiyi gösterdiklerini söylemek zordur. AB içine düştüğü enerji krizinden kurtulmak için alternatif enerji tedarik yollarına başvurmuş olsa da yeni ve ciddi anlamda yüksek maliyetli yatırımlar gerektirdiği için, bu çaba kısa vadede etkili bir çözüm bulmaktan uzaktır. Dolayısıyla hiçbir AB ülkesi Rusya ile ilişkilerini bitirme anlamına gelebilecek katı bir tutum sergilemeyi göze alamamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşının AB ülkelerinde yol açtığı enerji arz güvenliği sorunu ve buna bağlı olarak kısa ve orta vadede AB-Rusya ilişkilerinin geleceği üzerine değerlendirmelere yer verilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Enerji Güvenliği, Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, Yaptırımlar
JEL Sınıflandırması: F51, F52, F53.
Su Sorununa Karşı Belediyelerin Su Etiği İlkelerini Benimsemesi
Authors: Çağlayan Müge , Kayaer Mesut
Published: September 2023

Su, tarih boyunca tüm medeniyetlerin varlıklarını devam ettirebilmek için en önemli değer olmuştur. Su kaynakları etrafına kurulan medeniyetler, suya hâkim olduklarında gelişip zenginleşirken onu kaybettiklerinde ise kuraklık ve açlık nedeniyle yok olmuşlardır. Günümüzde de su sorununun değişmediği hatta daha da derinleştiği görülmektedir. Hem dünyada hem de Türkiye’de su kaynaklarını korumaya yönelik birçok teknik, politik ve hukuki kararlar alınmıştır. Ancak etik boyutun göz ardı edilmesi sebebiyle su sorunu çözülmek yerine artmıştır.
Çalışmada öncelikle neden su etiği ve ilkelerine ihtiyaç duyulduğu sorusunun cevabı aranmıştır. Suyun yalnızca bir meta olmadığı ve aşkın bir değeri olduğu gerçeği vurgulanmıştır. Dolayısıyla öncelikle suyun ahlaki bir özne olması sebebiyle insanmerkezci anlayışın değişmesi gerekliliğine değinilmiştir. Ayrıca su sorununun çözümü amacıyla tüm dünyada duyarlılığın başladığı 1977 Mar del Plata BM Konferası’ndan günümüzde kadar yapılmış olan uluslararası girişimlere ve bunların sonuçlarına da yer verilmiştir.
Türkiye’de su yönetimi merkezi yönetim ve yerel yönetimler tarafından yürütülmektedir. Bu çerçevede, çalışmada, Türkiye nüfusunun %93,4’nün büyükşehir, il ve ilçe belediyelerinde yaşaması sebebiyle Belediye su yönetimine odaklanılmıştır. Ayrıca 5216 sayılı Büyükşehir Belediye Kanunu ve 5393 sayılı Belediye Kanunu’nda yer alan su yönetimi ile ilgili düzenlemelere de yer verilmiştir. Belediyelerde mevcut su politikalarının değişmesi gerektiği vurgulanmış ve var olan su sorununun çözümü amacıyla su etiği ilkeleri tanımlanmıştır. Su etiği ilkeleri insan ve su arasındaki ahlaki ilişkiyi yeniden tanımlayarak politikaların değişimi için evrensel bir rehber niteliğindedir. Sonuç olarak tüm belediyelerin su etiği ilkelerini benimsemesi su sorununun çözümünde bir yol ve yöntem olarak sunulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: İklim Değişikliği, Su Etiği, Kuraklık, Su Yönetimi
JEL Sınıflandırması: H76, Q53, Q58, Q59
Exergoeconomic Analysis of Integrated Rice Mill Systems with Gasifiers
Authors: Chatib Omil Charmyn , Budiastra I Wayan , Solahudin Mohamad , Purwanto Y. Aris , Nelwan Leopold Oscar
Published: September 2023

Penerapan konsep pemanfaatan limbah penggilingan padi sebagai sumber energi dapat mendukung peningkatan produktifitas energi terbarukan. Konsep eksergoekonomi dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu satu langkah untuk melihat peluang sekam dapat dijadikan sebagai penambah energi di sistem penggilingan padi yang telah teritegerasi dengan gasifier. Specific Exergy Cost (SPECO) dijadikan sebagai metodenya, dimana metode tersebut menggabungkan analisis eksergi dan analisis ekonomi dengan menerapkan konsep biaya ke dalam sistem termal. Berdasarkan hasil analisisnya, gas produser mampu menjadi pengganti dari bahan bakar solar di sistem penggilingan padi berskala kecil. Jika dibandingkan dengan input tersebut sekam dan produk energi dari gasifier mampu menghasilkan eksergi masing-masing hampir 6 dan 4 kali lipat. Disamping itu, pemanfaatan gas produser juga dapat menekan biaya pengeluaran bahan bakar hingga mencapai 84,67%.
El papel de las rocas decorativas (marmora) en la historiografía del Arte, la Arquitectura y la Arqueología de la Alta Edad Media en la Península Ibérica
Authors: Aranda González Raúl
Published: September 2023

El estudio de la explotación, usos o significados de las rocas decorativas, en los primeros siglos de la Edad Media, está alcanzando cotas de tema protagonista en la escena historiográfica de los últimos años. Con el fin de plantear una reflexión en profundidad sobre la cuestión, se presenta una recopilación de la historia de la investigación al respecto. Se analiza el aporte al conocimiento sobre el fenómeno del material lapídeo decorativo desde la literatura histórico-artística del romanticismo hasta los postulados actuales.
Consideraciones en torno al análisis de una empresa periodística no tan inmovilista
Authors: Agudín Menéndez José Luis
Published: September 2023

En este artículo se realiza un recorrido historiográfico sobre lo producido acerca del diario carlo-integrista El Siglo Futuro de Madrid (1875-1936), fundado por Ramón Nocedal. Esta fue una de las publicaciones más representativas del panorama periodístico contrarrevolucionario español entre los siglos XIX y XX. Al estar envuelto en cuantiosas polémicas, El Siglo Futuro fue objeto de anatemas constantes por la prensa coetánea y la posterior historiografía. Sin negar el tono oscurantista que caracterizó su trayectoria, las investigaciones recientes explotan la reticente adaptación del periódico a la modernidad para combatir contra el régimen saguntino y sobre todo contra la II República.
Historias Naturales, expediciones, redes globales y Museos de Historia Natural en Chile (siglos XVIII-XIX)
Authors: Valenzuela Matus Carolina , Garrido Francisco
Published: September 2023

Los museos de Historia Natural en Chile han sido objeto creciente de interés histórico al tratarse de instituciones estrechamente vinculadas a la formación del estado-nación y protagonistas de la configuración de una cultura científica en el país. En las últimas décadas, su historia se ha abordado desde diversos enfoques. Las nuevas aproximaciones historiográficas van dejando atrás, de manera gradual, una historia fuertemente relacionada con el surgimiento del Estado decimonónico, donde se imponen los ideales «progresistas», para avanzar hacia nuevas miradas que amplían su foco hacia las influencias del desarrollo científico del siglo XVIII, así como hacia el valor de los intercambios y redes globales del siglo XIX, enfatizando especialmente los intereses y motivaciones de las personas que construyeron estos espacios. Consideramos, por tanto, el arco temporal que comprende desde el siglo XVIII ilustrado hasta comienzos del siglo XX, caracterizado por una mayor especialización científica que trasciende a la clasificación taxonómica de la naturaleza y se enfoca en comprender el cambio y la relación filogenética entre especies como proceso evolutivo.
De este modo, abordaremos a través de un análisis principalmente historiográfico, la manera en que se ha ido construyendo la historia de las colecciones y de los museos de historia natural en Chile, enfatizando en las redes sociales de múltiples actores, que contribuyeron a su conformación, desarrollo y difusión.
Cultura material de la historia natural en los colegios nacionales argentinos (1870-1900)
Authors: Mayoni María Gabriela
Published: September 2023

Hacia finales del siglo XIX en la Argentina, se produjo una exponencial demanda de materiales de enseñanza para la historia natural a raíz de su incorporación en los colegios nacionales del país. Al comienzo, para equipar los gabinetes se adquirieron en el exterior una gran cantidad de colecciones y dispositivos didácticos, pero también existieron iniciativas de formación de colecciones propias con elementos de la naturaleza local y otros objetos históricos y arqueológicos, creando incipientes museos de historia natural dentro de las instituciones. Estos artefactos revelan una cultura material vinculada a las prácticas científicas y a las formas de estudio de la naturaleza promovidas en la época. Este artículo analizará la circulación e integración del conocimiento local en la configuración de estos espacios de enseñanza, sujetos más a las coyunturas regionales, así como a intereses particulares de algunos actores y su afinidad por ciertas prácticas científicas e ideas pedagógicas.
Educación de las ciencias en Liceos de Niñas: razón y domesticidad
Authors: Inostroza Retamal Gina
Published: September 2023

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo identificar, utilizando la categoría analítica de género, tanto la forma y contenidos de la incorporación de las ciencias en el currículum como la importancia de los gabinetes en la enseñanza práctica de las ciencias en Chile en la educación secundaria femenina y en especial, en el Liceo de Niñas de Concepción entre 1900 hasta 1920. Se utilizó el método histórico para el análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias provenientes tanto de archivos públicos como privados. Identificamos que la educación de las niñas y adolescentes en el Liceo de Niñas de Concepción y de otras ciudades, fue permeada por discursos sobre el deber ser femenino tradicional, dando continuidad a la división sexual del trabajo, pues ellas solo accedieron al estudio de las ciencias en forma instrumental y basados en la especialización por funciones productivas y reproductivas, a saber, todo aquel conocimiento que les sirviera como futuras esposas y madres.
Carta ao Editor Referente a “Atitudes, Conhecimentos e Perspetivas dos Médicos Portugueses acerca das Terapêuticas Não Convencionais: Um Estudo Transversal”
Authors: Prazeres Filipe
Published: September 2023

N/a.
Does the rehabilitation treatment predispose the patient with cleft to endodontic treatment?
Authors: Brandelero Junior Sávio , Moreira Renata Artioli , Pinto Lidiane de Castro , Dalben Gisele da Silva
Published: September 2023

Aim: to verify the relation between endodontic treatment of teeth adjacent to the cleft area and the rehabilitation of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies. Methods: the present split-mouth study was composed of 406 individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who had completed the rehabilitation process in a single tertiary cleft center (55.9% males). The information was collected from the dental history on the patients’ records and radiographs. The frequency of endodontic treatment in the upper incisors and canines was calculated for the cleft and non-cleft sides. The comparison between sides was performed by the chi-square test (p <0.05). Results: endodontic treatment was more frequent in teeth adjacent to the cleft than in contralateral teeth. The frequency of endodontic treatment in at least one tooth adjacent to the cleft was 18.97%, and 11.6% on the contralateral side. It was observed that endodontic treatment was necessary in 63.5% of patients who had been submitted to orthodontic treatment, 42.4% of those rehabilitated with fixed partial dentures and 12.0% of patients who underwent dental reshaping of teeth adjacent to the cleft. The treatments performed included vital pulp therapy (46.1%), non-vital pulp therapy (46.8%) and endodontic retreatment (7.1%). Conclusion: in individuals with complete cleft lip and palate, teeth close to the bone defect area and used for rehabilitation treatment presented greater need of endodontic intervention.