bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public engagement of underserved students with open civic data
Authors: Zapata-Cardona Lucía
Published: February 2025

Today, various non-governmental organizations proclaim the need for public engagement of citizens, a concept that is integrated into the notion of global citizenship. However, much of the mathematics that students find in the primary school curriculum falls short to support that need. This lack of curriculum alignment with global needs has implications for the development of communities, but they are much more severe for students from underserved populations who systematically suffer different types of exclusions that increase their social disadvantages. This study explores the traits of global citizenship that students from underserved populations exhibit as they progress through a learning experience with open civic data on a global issue (climate change). The learning experience was used as the basis for an individual interview with five participants (9–10 years old) from public schools in low-income neighborhoods of a metropolitan area in northern Colombia. Participants were offered a dataset (data) ready to use and they were asked to undertake data handling actions (data-ing) using freely available web-based software. Participants were asked “What does this dataset say?” and their verbal statements were analyzed. The main findings suggest that in data and data-ing on open civic data reflecting global issues, participants exhibited understanding, belonging and action which are traits of global citizenship. In terms of understanding, participants described the behavior of the variables, suggested informal inferences, and made associations between variables. In terms of belonging and action, participants’ statements suggested including themselves as part of the community, taking responsibility, and proposing transformative actions.
The promise of mitochondria in the treatment of glioblastoma: a brief review
Authors: Liang Zhuo , Zhao Songyun , Liu Yuankun , Cheng Chao
Published: February 2025

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a prevalent and refractory type of brain tumor. Over the past two decades, there have been minimal advancements in GBM therapy. The current standard treatment involves surgical excision followed by radiation and chemotherapy. Compared to other tumors, GBM is more challenging to treat due to the presence of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) and the blood–brain barrier, resulting in an extremely low survival rate. Mitochondria play a critical role in tumor respiration, metabolism, and multiple signaling pathways involved in tumor formation, progression, and cell apoptosis. Consequently, mitochondria represent promising targets for developing novel anticancer agents, including those targeting oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial transfer, and mitophagy. This review outlines the mitochondrial-related therapeutic targets in GBM, highlighting the potential of mitochondria as a target for GBM treatment.
Pointwise approximation on the Alice Roth’s Swiss cheese
Authors: Zeron Eduardo S. , Castillo Jesús Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

We show that the complex conjugate function

$$z\mapsto \overline{z}$$

z
↦

z
¯

cannot be pointwise approximated by holomorphic polynomials on the Alice Roth’s Swiss cheese

$$Q_R\subset \mathbb {C}$$

Q
R

⊂
C

. Moreover, under some extra hypotheses, we also show that the complex conjugate cannot be pointwise approximated either by functions holomorphic on

$$Q_R$$

Q
R

.
Effects of caffeine on the longevity and locomotion activity of the common green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Naing Shine Shane , Fujioka Haruna , Matsuura Teruhisa , Miyatake Takahisa
Published: February 2025

The common green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is a promising and useful managed pollinator for greenhouse agricultural crops. The fly can pollinate at lower and higher temperatures than European honeybee. However, management of the longevity of pollinators is important for growers using greenhouses. Previous studies using other insects showed that caffeine affects insect longevity and behaviors. For instance, European honeybee live longer and have increased memory after caffeine consumption. How caffeine affects the longevity and behavior of pollinators is worth investigating because it can affect pollinator’s behavior, extend longevity, or be an insecticide against pollinators. In the present study, therefore, the longevity and locomotion of L. sericata were investigated when they were given different caffeine concentrations. First, the longevity of L. sericata with five different caffeine concentrations was compared to the control. The results showed that higher concentrations of caffeine (2%, 1%, and 0.5%) significantly decreased the life span compared to lower concentrations (0.05% and 0.01%). Second, the locomotion activities of L. sericata were examined at those two caffeine concentrations with treated and control male and female flies utilizing a Drosophila Activity Monitor (DAM). Treatment with 0.05% caffeine dramatically reduced locomotion, but treatment of 0.01% caffeine did not. We also compared lipid concentrations of flies: flies treated with 0.05% caffeine had a lower lipid concentration compared to flies treated with 0% and 0.01% caffeine. These results indicate that caffeine had negative effects on the longevity and locomotion activities of the pollinator L. sericata in laboratory conditions.
Sociodemographic Links With Mortality and Survival in the Mexican Older Adult Population: Impact of Survey Attrition in the Mexican Health and Aging Study 2001-2015
Authors: Beltrán-Sánchez Hiram , Wong Rebeca
Published: February 2025

Most studies on old age mortality and survival focus on high-income countries, leaving limited knowledge about these trajectories in low- and middle-income countries. We use the longest-run longitudinal study of aging in Latin America, the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), to assess mortality and survival in the Mexican older adult population. We examine the likely impact of survey attrition and missing date of death on estimates of age-specific death rates, life expectancy, and the link between sociodemographic characteristics and mortality risk among Mexican older adults. Results show attrition of less than 6% of the baseline sample in MHAS from 2001 to 2015. Being lost to follow-up (LFU) is associated with age, education, and place of residence. Age-specific death rates and life expectancy estimates in MHAS align with vital statistics suggesting minimal impact of survey attrition in these estimates at older ages. However, ignoring sample attrition produces statistically significant educational gradients in mortality among males (but not among females), but imputing attrition and/or death date deaths reverses this pattern. Thus, we recommend imputing vital status by, for example, assuming attrited respondents survived to the midpoint of their LFU interval and assessing mortality determinants, including imputed cases. We also found sizeable sex differences in life expectancy at age 50 favoring women with larger sex differences in more populous places. We conclude that MHAS reliably supports the study of older age mortality and survival in Mexico, offering a unique chance to enhance knowledge in a middle-income country in the Americas.
Design and validation of a self-perception instrument on the use of scientific knowledge in teaching practice
Authors: Guinovart-Pedescoll Montse , Palau Ramon
Published: February 2025

In the educational context, the transmission of scientific evidence to the classroom is essential to improve the quality of education and to develop effective research-based practices. However, in the interplay between teachers, researchers, political and educational institutions, there are a number of barriers that hinder this transmission. According to several studies, these difficulties arise from the lack of teacher training, work overload, the difficulty of accessing scientific articles, the existence of unethical behaviour and the instability of the Spanish educational system.

Approaching the teaching reality with the will to strengthen this link will allow making proposals that will have a significant impact on their teaching practices. Thus, the objective of this work is to design and validate a questionnaire that measures self-perception on the use of scientific knowledge in teaching practice. This tool, intended for future teachers and active teachers, will allow the collection of perceptions on barriers and facilitators for the implementation of scientific evidence in the classroom. Based on a quantitative research approach, the content of the questionnaire was validated by means of an expert judgment. Then, a pilot test was carried out with the participation of 278 future teachers of the Master's Degree in Teacher Training of 4 Catalan universities. Finally, an analysis of reliability and construct validity was carried out by means of an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA).

The result has been the validation of a tool that will allow a more detailed understanding of the phenomenon of barriers between educational scientific evidence and teachers. This will facilitate the detection of strengthening pathways between educational research and classroom practices, promoting a more effective implementation of scientific evidence that will result in a continuous, more effective and more efficient improvement of education.
A conceptual framework for designing human-centered building-occupant interactions to enhance user experience in specific-purpose buildings
Authors: Roofigari-Esfahan N. , Morshedzadeh E.
Published: February 2025

This research proposes a novel conceptual framework that combines the concepts of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Ambient Intelligence (AmI). The proposed framework aims to shed light on the importance of considering the needs and the social interactions of various building occupants in different types of buildings and designing HBI strategies accordingly. Specifically, we take educational buildings as a case that is less explored in the HBI research and apply the proposed framework, investigating how HBI strategies and interactions should be designed to address the needs of students, as primary occupants. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted among students in a flagship smart engineering building at Virginia Tech. Qualitative coding and concept mapping were used to analyze the qualitative data and determine the impact of occupant-specific needs on the learning experience of students. “Finding study space” was found to have the highest direct impact on the learning experience of students, and “Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ)” was found to have the highest indirect impact. The results show a clear need to integrate occupant needs in designing HBI strategies in different types of buildings. Finally, we discuss new ideas for designing potential Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) to address the identified needs.
U‐Pb Geochronology and Lu‐Hf Isotopic Characterization of the Canadian High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP): Comparison to Oceanic Plateau Magmatism
Authors: Dockman D. M. , Hadlari T. , Pearson D. G. , Heaman L. M. , Sarkar C. , Dewing K.
Published: February 2025

Recent high‐precision geochronological studies have delineated three main pulses of basaltic magmatism between ca. 130‐80 Ma in the Cretaceous High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) in northern Canada. Here we report new U‐Pb TIMS baddeleyite and zircon dates for samples from Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere Islands, which further support the duration and pulsed nature of the magmatism previously documented. We add new LA‐ICPMS U‐Pb zircon dates on samples analyzed in a previous study to help resolve age heterogeneity observed in some samples. We also report the first LA‐ICPMS zircon Lu‐Hf results from HALIP intrusives to better constrain the HALIP mantle source composition. Initial εHf zircon results for five HALIP basalts with minimal evidence for continental crustal contamination from the Canadian Arctic Islands range from +9.0 to +14.7, and indicate extraction from a depleted mantle source similar to plume‐derived oceanic plateaux such as Kerguelen.
Magnetic Characterization of Sediment Source‐To‐Sink Processes in the Bengal Fan Since 45 ka
Authors: Huang Rong , Chang Liao , Wang Shishun , Xue Pengfei , Liu Shengfa , Shi Xuefa , Khokiattiwong Somkiat , Kornkanitnan Narumol
Published: February 2025

The Bengal Fan is the largest submarine fan on Earth with a complex submarine channel system. Therefore, it is challenging to understand the evolution of Bengal Fan sediment source‐to‐sink processes. Here we present a synthesis of high‐resolution environmental magnetic records of five sediment cores from the central and lower Bengal Fan to reconstruct sedimentation history for the past 45 ka. Rock magnetic measurements and electron microscopic analyses reveal that detrital (titano)magnetites are the dominant magnetic minerals in the central fan sediments, while lower fan deposits exhibit enhanced magnetofossil contribution. During the last three marine isotope stages, glacial periods have increased detrital magnetic mineral concentration and grain size compared with interglacial periods. This increase is primarily attributed to the weakening of the Indian summer monsoon. Spatially, magnetic mineral concentration and grain size show decreasing trends from north to south and from east to west in the Bengal Fan, which may be modulated by submarine channel shifts. Deposition center migration driven by sea level fluctuations and sediment provenance variations were key factors controlling magnetic mineral concentration and grain size. Therefore, magnetic proxies serve as sensitive indicators of sedimentation patterns within the Bengal Fan. The spatiotemporal distribution of magnetic particles provides valuable insights into the source‐to‐sink dynamics and the dominant factors affecting sediment transportation in global submarine fans.
Reconciling the Long‐Term Growth of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and the Upstream Yellow River Profile
Authors: He X. , Yuan X. P. , He C. Q. , Wang X. Y. , Shen X. M.
Published: February 2025

The growth history of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) is enigmatic, with debates on when and how the NETP significantly uplifted. Here, we use a numerical landscape evolution model to quantitatively investigate the ∼20 Ma growth history of the NETP by studying the formation history of the upstream Yellow River (UYR). The long‐term growth history of the NETP consists of an early block uplift (∼20– Ma) and a late outward propagation uplift (–0 Ma), compared to the observed river profiles, erosion rates, the trend of acceleration time of deformation, and paleo‐elevation data sets. Before  Ma (middle Miocene), the NETP was uplifted via a block growth, with a major uplift in the south part. Subsequently, the high (∼5 km) NETP has been uplifted via a northward propagation until the present. We further suggest that pure headward erosion unlikely formed the observed river profile of the UYR over the past few million years. Our modeling thus reconciles the long‐term outward growth of the NETP and the UYR profile, suggesting a downstream migration of high erosion rates, which is fundamentally different from the headward erosion of small mountain rivers. The downstream propagation of fluvial erosion may be common in the outward‐growing plateaus elsewhere on Earth.
FeO and TiO2 Maps of the Lunar Polar Regions Derived From the Clementine Data
Authors: Qiu Denggao , Chen Wencong , Yan Jianguo , Yi Sihai
Published: February 2025

Chang’E‐6 successfully completed the return of samples from the South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) basin on the Moon, and future Chang’E‐7 and Artemis missions will continue to focus on the lunar south polar region. FeO and TiO2 are the primary chemical components of the lunar surface, and determining their contents in the south polar region is essential for investigating the geology and volcanism of this region. This work remapped the global FeO and TiO2 content using Clementine data combined with updated lunar sample measurements. The new models for FeO and TiO2 achieve determination coefficients (R2) of 0.921 and 0.817, and root mean square errors (RMSE) of 1.38 wt.% and 1.17 wt.%, respectively. The addition of sample measurements from Chang’E‐3 and Chang’E‐5 has resulted in higher estimates for FeO content in the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT) and the SPA, as well as lower estimates for TiO2 content in the maria. Furthermore, we present the Chang’E‐6 landing zone in the PKT to illustrate the geological implications of the new oxide content maps. Estimates of surface FeO and TiO2 content at the Chang’E‐6 sampling site are close to recent sample measurements and are consistent with the characteristics of the young maria unit in the landing zone. Our results provide valuable information on FeO and TiO2 content in the lunar south polar region, which will aid in the future analysis of Chang’E‐6 samples and contribute to geological investigations in the region.
Shaping exciton polarization dynamics in 2D semiconductors by tailored ultrafast pulses
Authors: Meron Omri , Arieli Uri , Bahar Eyal , Deb Swarup , Ben Shalom Moshe , Suchowski Haim
Published: February 2025

The ultrafast formation of strongly bound excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors provides a rich platform for studying fundamental physics as well as developing novel optoelectronic technologies. While extensive research has explored the excitonic coherence, many-body interactions, and nonlinear optical properties, the potential to study these phenomena by directly controlling their coherent polarization dynamics has not been fully realized. In this work, we use a sub-10 fs pulse shaper to study how temporal control of coherent exciton polarization affects the generation of four-wave mixing in monolayer

$${\rm{WS}}{{\rm{e}}}_{2}$$

WS

e

2

under ambient conditions. By tailoring multiphoton pathway interference, we tune the nonlinear response from destructive to constructive interference, resulting in a 2.6-fold enhancement over the four-wave mixing generated by a transform-limited pulse. This demonstrates a general method for nonlinear enhancement by shaping the pulse to counteract the temporal dispersion experienced during resonant light–matter interactions. Our method allows us to excite both 1s and 2s states, showcasing a selective control over the resonant state that produces nonlinearity. By comparing our results with theory, we find that exciton-exciton interactions dominate the nonlinear response, rather than Pauli blocking. This capability to manipulate exciton polarization dynamics in atomically thin crystals lays the groundwork for exploring a wide range of resonant phenomena in condensed matter systems and opens up new possibilities for precise optical control in advanced optoelectronic devices.
The RNA M5C methyltransferase NSUN2 promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by enhancing PKM2-mediated glycolysis
Authors: Qi Qin , Zhong Rui , Huang Yan , Tang Yong , Zhang Xiao-wen , Liu Chang , Gao Chun-fang , Zhou Lin , Yu Jian , Wu Lu-yi
Published: February 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The 5-methylcytosine (m5C) RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 is involved in cell proliferation and metastasis and is upregulated in a variety of cancers. However, the biological function and regulatory mechanism of NSUN2-mediated m5C modification have not been well studied in HCC. Our results showed that NSUN2 is upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients after hepatectomy. NSUN2 overexpression significantly promoted HCC growth and metastasis, whereas NSUN2 knockdown had the opposite effect. m5C RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (m5C-RIP-Seq) revealed that m5C hypermethylation correlates with mRNA overexpression and that NSUN2-mediated m5C hypermethylation promotes metabolism in HCC patients. Mechanistically, our data revealed that PKM2, a terminal enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, is a downstream target of NSUN2-mediated m5C modification. Specifically, NSUN2 could stabilize PKM2 mRNA by increasing the m5C level of the m5C site C773 in the 3′-UTR of PKM2 mRNA. In addition, rescue assays revealed that NSUN2 promotes HCC glycolysis and progression by upregulating PKM2. In conclusion, this study revealed that NSUN2-mediated m5C modification promotes glycolysis and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by stabilizing PKM2 mRNA, and provides a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target for HCC patients.
Safety and efficacy of a novel ‘One-Visit, Both-Cataracts’ high-volume see-and-treat immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery service in a public healthcare setting
Authors: Alsusa Maher , Ahmad Shakeel , Smith Zoe , Tutchings Emma , Evans Sam , Wilkinson Elizabeth , Roberts Harry
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel cataract surgery pathway that combines a See-and-Treat (S&T) model with Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery (ISBCS) at the Nightingale Hospital, Exeter, UK.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted on 102 consecutive patients (204 eyes) who underwent S&T ISBCS between July 2023 and July 2024. Patients were triaged based on referral information and underwent preoperative telephone consultations. On the day of surgery, clinical assessment and bilateral cataract surgery were completed in a single visit. Data collected included patient demographics, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes, and complications.

Results

Of the 127 patients listed, 102 (84.3%) completed S&T ISBCS. No intraoperative complications were recorded. Fourteen patients (13.7%) required unplanned postoperative consultations, with most cases being non-sight-threatening and self-resolving. Cystoid macular oedema (CMO) was reported in 2.9% of eyes, with no cases of visual loss or endophthalmitis.

Conclusion

The S&T ISBCS model demonstrated safety and efficiency in delivering cataract care, with a high one-visit completion rate and low complication rates. This model offers significant time and resource savings whilst maintaining patient safety. It holds potential for broader implementation in healthcare settings facing increased demand for cataract services. Further studies are recommended to assess long-term outcomes and optimise this approach.
Discrete vulnerability to pharmacological CDK2 inhibition is governed by heterogeneity of the cancer cell cycle
Authors: Kumarasamy Vishnu , Wang Jianxin , Roti Michelle , Wan Yin , Dommer Adam P. , Rosenheck Hanna , Putta Sivasankar , Trub Alec , Bisi John , Strum Jay , Roberts Patrick , Rubin Seth M. , Frangou Costakis , McLean Karen , Witkiewicz Agnieszka K. , Knudsen Erik S.
Published: February 2025

Cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) regulates cell cycle and is an emerging target for cancer therapy. There are relatively small numbers of tumor models that exhibit strong dependence on CDK2 and undergo G1 cell cycle arrest following CDK2 inhibition. The expression of P16INK4A and cyclin E1 determines this sensitivity to CDK2 inhibition. The co-expression of these genes occurs in breast cancer patients highlighting their clinical significance as predictive biomarkers for CDK2-targeted therapies. In cancer models that are genetically independent of CDK2, pharmacological inhibitors suppress cell proliferation by inducing 4N cell cycle arrest and increasing the expressions of phospho-CDK1 (Y15) and cyclin B1. CRISPR screens identify CDK2 loss as a mediator of resistance to a CDK2 inhibitor, INX-315. Furthermore, CDK2 deletion reverses the G2/M block induced by CDK2 inhibitors and restores cell proliferation. Complementary drug screens define multiple means to cooperate with CDK2 inhibition beyond G1/S. These include the depletion of mitotic regulators as well as CDK4/6 inhibitors cooperate with CDK2 inhibition in multiple phases of the cell cycle. Overall, this study underscores two fundamentally distinct features of response to CDK2 inhibitors that are conditioned by tumor context and could serve as the basis for differential therapeutic strategies in a wide range of cancers.
Flexible and cost-effective deep learning for accelerated multi-parametric relaxometry using phase-cycled bSSFP
Authors: Birk Florian , Mahler Lucas , Steiglechner Julius , Wang Qi , Scheffler Klaus , Heule Rahel
Published: February 2025

To accelerate the clinical adoption of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI), frameworks are needed that not only allow for rapid acquisition, but also flexibility, cost efficiency, and high accuracy in parameter mapping. In this study, feed-forward deep neural network (DNN)- and iterative fitting-based frameworks are compared for multi-parametric (MP) relaxometry based on phase-cycled balanced steady-state free precession (pc-bSSFP) imaging. The performance of supervised DNNs (SVNN), self-supervised physics-informed DNNs (PINN), and an iterative fitting framework termed motion-insensitive rapid configuration relaxometry (MIRACLE) was evaluated in silico and in vivo in brain tissue of healthy subjects, including Monte Carlo sampling to simulate noise. DNNs were trained on three distinct in silico parameter distributions and at different signal-to-noise-ratios. The PINN framework, which incorporates physical knowledge into the training process, ensured more consistent inference and increased robustness to training data distribution compared to the SVNN. Furthermore, DNNs utilizing the full information of the underlying complex-valued MR data demonstrated ability to accelerate the data acquisition by a factor of 3. Whole-brain relaxometry using DNNs proved to be effective and adaptive, suggesting the potential for low-cost DNN retraining. This work emphasizes the advantages of in silico DNN MP-qMRI pipelines for rapid data generation and DNN training without extensive dictionary generation, long parameter inference times, or prolonged data acquisition, highlighting the flexible and rapid nature of lightweight machine learning applications for MP-qMRI.
LFD-YOLO: a lightweight fall detection network with enhanced feature extraction and fusion
Authors: Wang Heqing , Xu Sheng , Chen Yuandian , Su Chengyue
Published: February 2025

Falls are one of the significant safety hazards for the elderly. Current object detection models for fall detection often suffer from high computational complexity, limiting their deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. Although lightweight models can reduce computational requirements, they typically compromise detection accuracy. To address these challenges, and considering the more lightweight architecture of YOLOv5 compared to other YOLO series models such as YOLOv8, we propose a lightweight fall detection model based on YOLOv5, named Lightweight Fall Detection YOLO (LFD-YOLO). Our method introduces a novel lightweight feature extraction module, Cross Split RepGhost (CSRG), which reduces information loss during feature map transmission. We also integrate an Efficient Multi-scale Attention (EMA) to enhance focus on the human pose. Moreover, we propose a Weighted Fusion Pyramid Network (WFPN) and utilize Group Shuffle Convolutions (GSConv) to reduce the model’s computational complexity and improve the efficiency of multi-scale feature fusion. Additionally, we design an Inner Weighted Intersection over Union (Inner-WIoU) loss to accelerate model convergence and enhance generalization. We construct a Person Fall Detection Dataset (PFDD) dataset covering diverse scenarios. Experimental results on the PFDD and the publicly available Falling Posture Image Dataset (FPID) datasets show that, compared to YOLOv5s, LFD-YOLO improves mAP0.5 by 1.5% and 1.7%, respectively, while reducing the number of parameters and calculations by 19.2% and 21.3%. Furthermore, compared to YOLOv8s, LFD-YOLO reduces the number of parameters and calculations by 48.6% and 56.1%, respectively, while improving mAP0.5 by 0.3% and 0.5%. These results demonstrate that LFD-YOLO achieves higher detection accuracy and lower computational complexity, making it well-suited for fall detection tasks.
Real-time detection of loosening torque in bolted joints using piezoresistive pressure-sensitive layer based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Sanli Abdulkadir , Demirkale Bilgehan , Kanoun Olfa
Published: February 2025

Bolted connections are extensively used in construction and machine design, playing critical roles in various industrial applications. Bolts and screws are, however, prone to loosening or separating due to factors such as shock, vibration, and temperature fluctuations. This self-loosening phenomenon poses a considerable challenge to the reliability of bolted connections, necessitating regular inspections to ensure their safety. In this study, we report a cost-effective technique for monitoring bolted joint loosening torque: BoltWISE (Bolt loosening detection with innovative sensors). BoltWISE employs an innovative sensor element consisting of a piezoresistive, pressure-sensitive layer made from multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites coated onto an FR4 substrate, functioning as a washer. Our approach provides high sensitivity, durability, linearity, and fast response times, with minimal hysteresis during both the tightening and loosening processes. Finite-element method simulations were conducted to determine the optimal sensor positions, ensuring fast response during bolt tightening and loosening. Our findings highlight BoltWISE as a promising, low-cost solution for efficiently detecting bolt loosening in industrial environments. Its ease of implementation and fabrication make it a valuable tool for improving safety and maintenance practices across various industries.
Vehicle game lane-changing mechanism and strategy evolution based on trajectory data
Authors: Qu Dayi , Wang Kedong , Dai Shouchen , Chen Yicheng , Cui Shanning , Yang Yuxiang
Published: February 2025

To improve the safety of ramp vehicles changing lane and to shorten the merging distance, this paper explores the dynamic game interaction properties of vehicles merging and the consistency of vehicles’ decision-making behaviors at the macro-microscopic levels. Using the exiD dataset and evolutionary game theory, the merging behavior of ramp vehicles is modeled to explore the effects of different driving states on the evolutionary convergence of strategies. Based on the game cost theory, the lane choice behavior of mainline vehicles is modeled. Validated by SUMO software, the results show that the model in this paper can significantly improve the safety of vehicle merging and reduce the merging distance. The mainline vehicles are more inclined to change lane and cut out in advance when facing the ramp vehicles under the influence of the change of advantage in the subsequent game.
Nutritional assessment using subjective global assessment identifies energy malnutrition and predicts mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Miwa Takao , Hanai Tatsunori , Nishimura Kayoko , Hirata Sachiyo , Unome Shinji , Nakahata Yuki , Imai Kenji , Suetsugu Atsushi , Takai Koji , Shimizu Masahito
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate whether the subjective global assessment (SGA) could effectively predict energy malnutrition, as assessed by indirect calorimetry, and mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Energy malnutrition was defined by a nonprotein respiratory quotient (npRQ) < 0.85 using an indirect calorimetry. The usefulness of the SGA in identifying energy malnutrition and predicting mortality was assessed by the logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. Out of the 230 patients analyzed, 43% were found to have energy malnutrition. The distribution of SGA classifications was 54% for SGA-A, 32% for SGA-B, and 14% for SGA-C. Multivariable analysis indicated that both SGA-B (odds ratio, 3.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59–8.10) and SGA-C (odds ratio, 19.70; 95% CI, 3.46–112.00), along with free fatty acids (FFA), were independently linked to energy malnutrition. Regarding mortality, 125 patients (54%) died over a median follow-up period of 2.8 years. After adjustment, SGA-B (hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.08–3.03) and SGA-C (hazard ratio, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.28–8.76) were predictors of mortality in cirrhosis patients, while energy malnutrition and FFA were not. The SGA is a valuable tool for identifying energy malnutrition and predicting mortality in patients with cirrhosis.
RevCAR-mediated T-cell response against PD-L1-expressing cells turns suppression into activation
Authors: Crespo Eugenia , Loureiro Liliana R. , Stammberger Antonia , Hoffmann Lydia , Berndt Nicole , Hoffmann Anja , Dagostino Claudia , Soto Karla E. G. , Rupp Luise , Arndt Claudia , Schneider Martin , Ball Claudia R. , Bachmann Michael , Schmitz Marc , Feldmann Anja
Published: February 2025

Applying CAR T-cell therapy to treat solid tumors is especially challenging due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). While our modular RevCAR system enhances the safety and controllability of CAR T-cell therapy, effectively targeting solid tumors remains difficult. Since PD-L1 is an immune checkpoint frequently upregulated by cancer cells and their microenvironment, it is a relevant target for solid tumors. Here, we introduce a novel PD-L1 RevTM capable of redirecting RevCAR T-cells to specifically target and kill PD-L1-expressing tumor cells, becoming activated and secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. This is shown in vitro with monolayer and 3D models, including patient-derived cultures, and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo an AND-gated targeting of cells simultaneously expressing PD-L1 and another tumor-associated antigen by the Dual RevCAR system. Our findings suggest that RevCAR-mediated targeting of PD-L1 could be a promising therapeutic approach for modulating the TME and improving solid tumor treatment.
Comparing self reported and physiological sleep quality from consumer devices to depression and neurocognitive performance
Authors: Akre Samir , Cohen Zachary D. , Welborn Amelia , Zbozinek Tomislav D. , Balliu Brunilda , Craske Michelle G. , Bui Alex A. T.
Published: February 2025

This study examines the relationship between self-reported and physiologically measured sleep quality and their impact on neurocognitive performance in individuals with depression. Using data from 249 participants with medium to severe depression monitored over 13 weeks, sleep quality was assessed via retrospective self-report and physiological measures from consumer smartphones and smartwatches. Correlations between self-reported and physiological sleep measures were generally weak. Machine learning models revealed that self-reported sleep quality could detect all depression symptoms measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-14, whereas physiological sleep measures detected “sleeping too much” and low libido. Notably, only self-reported sleep disturbances correlated significantly with neurocognitive performance, specifically with processing speed. Physiological sleep was able to detect changes in self-reported sleep, medication use, and sleep latency. These findings emphasize that self-reported and physiological sleep quality are not measuring the same construct, and both are important to monitor when studying sleep quality in relation to depression.
Protein-cell conjugates as artificial surface display for interfacial biocatalysis
Authors: Wu Xiankun , Karring Henrik , Wang Zhongkai , Wu Changzhu
Published: February 2025

We developed an artificial interface display strategy that overcomes the longstanding challenges of cellular fragility and enzyme instability in whole-cell interfacial catalysis by engineered living E. coli cells with interface-active proteins.
First-principles study of phase transition and the structural, energetic and electronic properties of pristine and transition metal (Fe/Co/Ti)-doped layered MoS2 as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Xi Wenlong , Sit Patrick H.-L.
Published: February 2025

In this work, we apply first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the intercalation of Na atoms into the pristine and transition metal (TM)-doped MoS2 (MxMo1−xS2) layers.
Ensemble speed estimation in IFOC with transient detector
Authors: Arahal Manuel R. , Satué Manuel G. , Martínez‐Heredia Juana , Perales‐Esteve Manuel A.
Published: February 2025

Rotating electric machines have experienced a vast increase in use in recent times due to the electrification of various segments, including electric vehicles. Different machine types, electronic converters, and control schemes are used. In particular, the combination of indirect field oriented control (IFOC) with incremental encoders is widely utilized. Despite theoretical efforts, practical tuning of IFOC‐like structures is not easy due to non‐idealities. These arise from difficult to model phenomena appearing in the system. In particular, the latency and phase loss of the speed estimation have a negative effect on performance. This paper proposes the use of an ensemble of speed estimators to reduce these negative effects. In the proposal, ripples and latency of the speed estimations are treated as terms in a trade‐off situation. The proposal allows to obtain low ripple in a steady state combined with low latency during transients.
Dynamic charging strategy of electric vehicles in the distribution network integrated with renewable energy sources
Authors: Owais Khan Mohd , Kirmani Sheeraz , Rihan Mohd
Published: February 2025

The rapid expansion of electric vehicles (EVs) brings forth a range of possibilities and obstacles for the electrical grid. EVs are a hopeful way to cut down on greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels, but the way they charge can put a lot of stress on the grid, which can cause problems for both grid operators and EV users. The uncontrolled approach to EV charging could result in the development of new peak loads. This paper formulates a problem for the minimisation of EV charging cost while reducing the load variance using a dynamic charging strategy. This dynamic charging strategy forecasts the charging price of EV for each time stamp based on the available energy generation. The proposed formulation has also considered the seasonal variation in load profile. The model is solved using different optimisation algorithm and different scenarios have been formulated to validate the effectiveness of the optimisation problem which has been formulated to achieve the objectives of minimised charging cost and load variance. The proposed strategy has improved the charging cost by 67% from other strategies of EV charging while reduction in load variance comes out to be 69%. This proposed formulation will help in the higher adoption of EV's and will subsequently lead to sustainable growth.
Non-local phase transitions with singular heterogeneous kernels
Authors: Caldwell Wes
Published: February 2025

In this paper the study of a non-local Cahn-Hilliard-type singularly perturbed family of functionals is undertaken, generalizing known results by Alberti & Bellettini. The kernels considered include those leading to Gagliardo seminorms for fractional Sobolev spaces. The limit energy is computed via Γ-convergence and shown to be an anisotropic surface energy on the interface between the two phases.
Prävention der Virushepatitis B und C bei chronischer Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Girndt Matthias
Published: February 2025

Dialysepatienten und das -personal sind besonders gefährdet, sich mit einer Virushepatitis zu infizieren. Die Wirksamkeit der Hepatitis-B-Impfung ist bei fortgeschrittener chronischer Niereninsuffizienz vermindert. Dies erschwert die Aufrechterhaltung einer Herdenimmunität und erfordert teilweise Impf- und Monitoringstrategien, die von denen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung abweichen. Die rationale Abwägung von Kosten und Nutzen gehören zur Impfentscheidung dazu.
Detection of rabbit and wombat warrens in broad-scale satellite imagery
Authors: McPherson Natarsha , Ostendorf Bertram
Published: February 2025

The ability to accurately assess the spatial pattern of wild animal distributions is essential for conservation management. Warrens constructed by burrowing species offer proxies for estimating geographic occupation. We tested the feasibility of open-access satellite-based detection for two semi-fossorial mammals, the southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) and European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), across the Nullarbor Plain, South Australia. Along two 100 km road sections, we collected GPS locations of warrens from ground-walked transects (~1 km) at 22 sites. Wombat and rabbit warrens were identified and digitised using Google Earth and Microsoft Bing imagery (<1.5 m resolution) for each transect. We found a significant correlation between satellite and field estimates with R2 values of 0.98 (P < 1 × 10−15) and 0.56 (P < 1 × 10−4) for wombat and rabbit warrens, respectively. User accuracy was high for both wombat (91%) and rabbit (81%) warrens. Omission in the satellite imagery was low for wombats (14%) but high for rabbit warrens (44%). However, small warrens less than 10 m in diameter accounted for 79% of rabbit warren omissions. This demonstrates that the geospatial pattern of warrens constructed by two semi-fossorial mammals can be detected and distinguished in broad-scale satellite imagery across Australia’s semi-arid landscape.
A coarse-to-fine algorithm for cross-source point cloud registration of engine blades
Authors: Chang Zhanyou , Luo Jun
Published: February 2025

We propose a novel coarse-to-fine algorithm, named EIDBO-TrICP, for the matching and registration of engine blade cross-source point clouds (CSPC) obtained from different types of sensors. This task is particularly challenging due to the presence of data inconsistencies such as missing data, noise, outliers, density variations, viewpoint changes, and scale differences, along with the complex structure and surface characteristics of the blade itself. The proposed method is composed of two main stages: In the coarse registration phase, we introduce an enhanced and improved dung beetle optimization algorithm (EIDBO), which improves the convergence speed and optimization accuracy of the standard dung beetle optimization algorithm by adopting a modified convergence factor. This approach effectively avoids local minima in the registration process by leveraging the global search capability of the improved dung beetle optimization algorithm. Additionally, singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to accelerate the local search convergence and enhance the final registration accuracy. In the fine registration phase, the Trimmed ICP (TrICP) algorithm is employed to ensure the precise alignment of the cross-source point clouds. The results from both synthetic data simulations and real engine blade data obtained from a compound ray coordinate measurement system demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods in both efficiency and accuracy. The significance of EIDBO-TrICP lies in its ability to effectively integrate data from multiple sensors, which is crucial for the precise measurement and analysis of engine blades with complex geometries and varying structural characteristics.
The Bare Bones of the World
Authors: Costa Emanuele
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines the structures developed in Book I of Spinoza’s Ethics, such as causation, limitation, inherence, and conception, to show how they are deployed in the formation and demonstration of Spinoza’s most recognizable metaphysical theses: monism, necessitarianism, and the unique relation that connects Natura naturans and Natura naturata, as well as the crucial transformation of traditional accounts of causation into Spinoza’s idiosyncratic immanent causation.
The Human Point of View
Authors: Costa Emanuele
Published: February 2025

Spinoza’s philosophy of emotions is often credited with creating the notion of affect, thanks to its refusal to separate mind and body, and to its insistence on the reciprocity of casual and effectual roles in interrelation between individuals. Beginning with Spinoza’s conatus theory and its focus on power dynamics, this chapter is dedicated to understanding how Spinoza’s concept of action, passion, and affect can guide his epistemology as well as his philosophical anthropology, ultimately leading him to establish a possibility for ethical acting through intuition, also known as intellectual love of God, or third kind of knowledge.
Big Stories and Local Weaves: Al-Ghazālī’s Ethics and Psychology of Godlikeness
Authors: Vasalou Sophia
Published: February 2025

This chapter introduces al-Ghazālī’s ethics of virtue as mediated by a variety of works and draws out some of the interpretive questions that concern their relations. In The Revival of the Religious Sciences, the idea of imitating God weaves itself through al-Ghazālī’s reflections on ethics and psychology in a number of important ways. It comes into focus more fully in a shorter work, The Most Exalted Aim in Expounding God’s Most Beautiful Names, where he builds on both philosophical and Sufi precedents to articulate the thought that human happiness lies in the assumption of God’s character traits. He supports this with a psychological model of emulation in which cognition, emotion, and conation are clearly ordered.
Feelings, For and Against: Patience, Compassion, and God’s Emotionless Virtues
Authors: Vasalou Sophia
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores al-Ghazālī’s negotiation of the conceptual challenges posed by the idea of God’s exemplarity by focusing on two key traits: patience and compassion. A key feature of al-Ghazālī’s analysis of God’s patience is that it decouples it from the experience of psychological conflict. A key feature of his analysis of God’s compassion is that it decouples it from the experience of emotional states such as sympathy or pity. This reflects a principled theological view about God’s insusceptibility to emotion. Yet in the ordinary human context, the psychological experiences that al-Ghazālī’s analysis elides are linked to the intelligibility but also the admirability of these virtues.
Nanomedicine-based immunotherapy for tissue regeneration
Authors: Li Song , Lu Li , Xiong Yuan , Xiao Jun
Published: February 2025

Tissue regeneration is essential for repairing and restoring damaged tissues, which has significant implications for clinical outcomes. Understanding the cellular mechanisms and the role of the immune system in this process provides a basis for improved regenerative techniques. The emergence of nanomedicine has advanced this field by introducing nanoscale technology that offer precise control over therapeutic delivery and cellular interactions. By modulating immune responses, various immunotherapeutic approaches, including cytokine therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, can establish an optimal environment for tissue repair. This review summarizes recent findings and applications of nanomedicine-based immunotherapy in tissue regeneration. It highlights the properties and advantages of nanomedicine in immunotherapy, discusses recent progress in using nanocomposite biomaterials for tissue engineering, and addresses the challenges and future directions in this evolving field. This review aims to emphasize the promising potential of nanomedicine-based immunotherapy in tissue engineering, thereby contributing to the functional design and strategic development of next-generation nanomedicine for regenerative medicine.