bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How potential and realized absorptive capacity increased ability to innovate: the moderating role of structural ambidexterity
Authors: Elidjen Elidjen , Pertiwi Asri , Mursitama Tirta Nugraha , Beng Jap Tji
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Digital start-ups have limited resources. With the demands of rapid growth, digital start-ups need to rely on their ability to explore external knowledge and exploit it into swift innovation. Developing absorptive capacity is an alternative to overcome this difficulty. This study aims to demonstrate how the potential and realized an increase in absorptive capacity enables organizations to innovate moderated by structural ambidexterity. Empirical evidence places more emphasis on the impact of absorptive capacity on innovation but still leaves the “black-box” question of innovation and how potential absorptive capacity (PACAP) can achieve realized absorptive capacity (RACAP).

Design/methodology/approach

This study tests, with a structural equation model, samples collected from 143 digital start-ups in Indonesia.

Findings

The finding of this study suggests that PACAP influences the ability to innovate only if RACAP mediates it and structural ambidexterity positively moderates the relationship between these two variables.

Research limitations/implications

First, this study uses digital start-up organizations as respondents. Second, this study explores the role of the structural ambidexterity that moderates the relationship between PACAP and RACAP manifested in digital start-ups organizations that are identical to temporary companies with limited resources. Third, digital start-ups have a fast-growth life cycle, unlike regular companies. Finally, the validated scale is based on data collected entirely from digital start-ups located in Indonesia, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other industry contexts.

Practical implications

Start-ups suffer from the ability to innovate that increases their propensity to fail. They overcome this failure by increasing the absorptive capacity of the founding team to improve their ability to innovate. Because of limited resources available at digital start-ups, the flexibility of their management style can overcome these barriers, allowing the pursuit of both knowledge exploration and exploitation in a balanced way.

Originality/value

Most of the studies explained that the ability to innovate comes from absorptive capacity. In fact, they do not explore PACAP and RACAP and their relationships. Moreover, the studies also indicated that the contextual ambidexterity moderated PACAP and RACAP. Meanwhile, digital start-ups in this study revealed that structural ambidexterity with two dimensions, i.e. shared value, and behavioral integration, enables and positively moderates the relationship between PACAP and RACAP.
Challenges in diagnosis and management of delirium in Lewy body disease
Authors: Richardson Sarah , Lawson Rachael A. , Price Annabel , Taylor John‐Paul
Published: October 2022

Background

Delirium is an acute onset and fluctuating impairment of cognition, attention and arousal, often precipitated by acute illness. Lewy body disease (LBD) is an umbrella term for a range of clinical conditions, including Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). People living with LBD seem to be more susceptible to delirium than those with other subtypes of dementia.

Aim

To describe the challenges in clinical diagnosis and management of LBD.

Methods

A systematic review of published literature on diagnosis and management of delirium in LBD.

Results

Delirium is particularly challenging to diagnose in LBD as many of the clinical characteristics which define delirium such as inattention, fluctuating arousal, complex visual hallucinations and delusions, are also common to LBD. Distinguishing delirium from LBD can be very difficult clinically especially in the prodromal stages. Both under and over diagnosis of delirium, and under and over treatment of the symptoms have the potential to compromise the care and safety of people with a diagnosed or undiagnosed LBD.

Clinicians are currently working with an extremely limited set of evidence‐based management options for those with delirium in the context of a LBD diagnosis. For patients with LBD and their families this is an area of clinical practice that needs focused research.
Review article: clinical assessment of suspected drug‐induced liver injury and its management
Authors: Vuppalanchi Raj , Ghabril Marwan
Published: October 2022

Background

Idisyncratic drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare instance of liver injury after exposure to an otherwise safe drug or herbal or dietary supplement. DILI can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, it is an important consideration in drug development due to safety concerns.

Aims and Methods

To highlight pearls and pitfalls to aid clinicians in diagnosing DILI and surmising the management options. We also share the best practices from personal insights developed from decades long participation in the causality assessment committee meetings of the DILI Network.

Results

DILI lacks a diagnostic test and is currently diagnosed through a process of exclusion of competing aetiologies of liver injury. This requires a high degree of suspicion to consider the possibility of DILI, skill in ruling out the obvious and less obvious competing liver insults, and an understanding of the expected phenotypes of DILI. The facets of DILI cover multiple aspects, including the latency, liver injury pattern, course of injury, and associated autoimmune or immuno‐allergic features. Care for patients with DILI is geared towards stopping the offending drug and symptom management that include the use of corticosteroids in select cases.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of DILI is challenging and is primarily made through a carefully crafted patient interview, temporal relationship with the implicated drug or supplement, and exclusion of competing aetiology. LiverTox is a useful resource for clinicians to review the literature and recognise the likelihood of the implicated agent in causing DILI.
Internationalization strategies of multi‐product firms: The role of technology
Authors: Baumgarten Daniel , Irlacher Michael , Mayr‐Dorn Karin
Published: October 2022

High‐performance firms typically have two features in common: (i) they produce in more than one country and (ii) they produce more than one product. In this paper, we analyze the internationalization strategies of multi‐product firms. Guided by several new stylized facts, we develop a theoretical model to determine optimal modes of market access at the firm–product level. We find that the most productive firms sell core varieties via foreign direct investment and export products with intermediate productivity. Shocks to trade costs and technology affect the endogenous decision to export or produce abroad at the product‐level and, in turn, the relative productivity between parents and affiliates.
Frequency of cardiac arrhythmias in horses during straight and untethered swimming
Authors: Santosuosso Emma , David Florent , Massie Shannon , Filho Silvio A. , McCrae Persephone , Johnson Sarah , Leguillette Renaud
Published: October 2022

Background

Cardiac arrhythmias have not been previously reported in horses while swimming.

Objectives

To describe the type and frequency of encountered arrhythmias during repetitive swimming cycles.

Study design

Descriptive observational study.

Methods

Sixteen horses swam five pool lengths (75 m), each separated by an active recovery walk. Continuous electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded (n = 80) and analysed during the pre‐swim, swim and active‐recovery periods. Arrhythmias were categorised as sinus arrhythmia (SA), sinus block, sinus pause (compensatory and non‐compensatory), second degree atrioventricular block (2AVB) for physiological arrhythmias, supraventricular premature depolarisation (SVPD) and ventricular premature depolarisation (VPD) for non‐physiological arrhythmias. A linear mixed‐effects model was used to examine the effects of repetitive swim lengths on arrhythmias and swimming parameters. Data were reported as median [interquartile range].

Results

Fifteen horses (94%) experienced at least one arrhythmia; however, the frequency remained low and 2AVB were only observed during the pre‐swim period. The swimming heart rate (HR) was 162 bpm [141;173]. Sinus blocks, sinus pauses, SA, SVPD and VPD were all recorded at least once during swimming. Except for one VPD couplet, all premature depolarisations were isolated. During active‐recovery, the HR was 105 bpm [103;106], with SA observed in 13 horses (81%), isolated SVPD in six horses (38%), sinus pause in one horse (6%) but no VPD present.

Main limitations

Limited number of horses precluding population prevalence assessment.

Conclusion and clinical importance

High‐quality underwater ECGs were acquired in swimming horses for the first time. The frequency of arrhythmias remained low and rare pathological arrhythmias were observed during repetitive swimming and active‐recovery cycles. Swimming with active‐recovery periods is not a high‐risk cardio‐arrhythmic exercise.
mTORC2 contributes to systemic autoimmunity
Authors: Zhou Xian , Qi Haiyu , Li Meilu , Li Yanfeng , Zhu Xingxing , Amin Shreyasee , Alexander Mariam , Diadhiou Catherine , Davidson Anne , Zeng Hu
Published: October 2022

The development of many systemic autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, is associated with overactivation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway, lymphopenia and increased follicular helper T (Tfh)‐cell differentiation. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these immunological perturbations remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) promotes Tfh differentiation and disrupts Treg homeostasis. Inactivation of mTORC2 in total T cells, but not in Tregs, greatly ameliorated the immunopathology in a systemic autoimmunity mouse model. This was associated with reduced Tfh differentiation, B‐cell activation, and reduced T‐cell glucose metabolism. Finally, we show that type I IFN can synergize with TCR ligation to activate mTORC2 in T cells, which partially contributes to T‐cell lymphopenia. These data indicate that mTORC2 may act as downstream of type I IFN, TCR and costimulatory receptor ICOS, to promote glucose metabolism, Tfh differentiation, and T‐cell lymphopenia, but not to suppress Treg function in systemic autoimmunity. Our results suggest that mTORC2 might be a rational target for systemic autoimmunity treatment.
The immunoregulatory role of IL‐35 in patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Osuna‐Gómez Rubén , Barril Silvia , Mulet Maria , Zamora Atenza Carlos , Millan‐Billi Paloma , Pardessus Ana , Brough Douglas E. , Sabzevari Helen , Semnani Roshanak T. , Castillo Diego , Vidal Silvia
Published: October 2022

Pulmonary fibrosis involves various types of immune cells and soluble mediators, including TGF‐β and IL‐35, a recently identified heterodimeric cytokine that belongs to the IL‐12 cytokine family. However, the effect of regulatory IL‐35 may play an important role in fibrotic diseases. The aim of this paper is to explore the immunoregulatory role of IL‐35 in the development of fibrosis in interstitial lung disease (ILD). To gain a better understanding of this issue, the concentrations of IL‐35 and different profibrotic cytokines in fibrotic (F‐ILD) and non‐fibrotic (NF‐ILD) patients by ELISA were compared to that of intracellular IL‐35 and IL‐17 on CD4+ T cells stimulated in the presence of BAL or with different ratios of recombinant IL‐35 (rIL‐35) and TGF‐β (rTGF‐β), which were evaluated by flow cytometry. We observed that BAL concentration of IL‐35 was lower in F patients (p < 0.001) and was negatively correlated with concentrations of TGF‐β (p < 0.001) and IL‐17 (p < 0.001). In supplemented cell cultures, BAL from NF but not F patients enhanced the percentage of IL‐35 + CD4+ T (p < 0.001) cells and decreased the percentage of IL‐17 + CD4+ T cells (p < 0.001). The percentage of IL‐35 + CD4+ T cells correlated positively with BAL concentration of IL‐35 (p = 0.02), but correlated negatively with BAL concentrations of IL‐17 (p = 0.007) and TGF‐β (p = 0.01). After adjusting the concentrations of recombinant cytokines to establish a TGF‐β: IL‐35 ratio of 1:4, an enhanced percentage of IL‐35 + CD4+ T cells (p < 0.001) but a decreased percentage of IL‐17 + CD4+ T cells (p < 0.001) was observed. After adding recombinant IL‐35 to the BAL from F patients until a 1:4 ratio of TGF‐β: IL‐35 was reached, a significantly increased percentage of IL‐35 + CD4+ T cells (p < 0.001) and a decreased percentage of IL‐17 + CD4+ T cells (p = 0.003) was found. These results suggest that IL‐35 may induce an anti‐fibrotic response, regulating the effect of TGF‐β and the inflammatory response on CD4+ T cells. In addition, the TGF‐β: IL‐35 ratio in BAL has been shown to be a potential biomarker to predict the outcome of F patients with ILD.
Melt‐quenched oxide glasses with ultrahigh Young's modulus and small thermal expansion coefficient
Authors: Hayashi Katsuki , Mitsui Kazuki , Shimizu Tatsuki , Kado Rikiya , Umada Takumi , Koike Akio , Yoshida Satoshi , Inaba Seiji , Saitoh Akira
Published: October 2022

The well‐known Makishima–Mackenzie relationship, consisting of two terms of the dense packing structure and dissociation energy regarding bonding in constituent oxides, enables fabricating oxide glasses with ultrahigh Young's modulus (∼140 GPa) and a small coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) (∼4 ppm/K). The effects of increasing MgO and Ta2O5 contents in an MgO–Ta2O5–Al2O3–SiO2–B2O3 glass system using a conventional melt‐quenching method are revealed. The essential oxides of Al2O3 and Ta2O5 are primarily suitable for dense packing structures dominated by a large coordination number of oxygens. The substitution of CaO by MgO results in high dissociation energy when the glass composition falls in the peraluminous regime (Al2O3/[MgO + CaO] > 1). A small CTE is realized by increasing the molar ratio of Al2O3/MgO. According to magic‐angle spinning‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, mechanically and thermally functional oxide glasses depend on their structures. These findings facilitate the development of glass substrate applications without thermal dilatation.
Ultralow dielectric loss in Tb + Ta‐modified TiO2 giant dielectric ceramics via designing defect chemistry
Authors: Fan Jiangtao , Yang Tiantian , Cao Yongfan , Liang Jiyan
Published: October 2022

The environment‐friendly materials exhibiting colossal permittivity play an increasingly important role in the electronics industry. In this work, (Tb0.5Ta0.5)xTi1−xO2 (x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04) ceramics with new defect clusters were fabricated to enhance the dielectric response. Significantly, all ceramic samples exhibit large dielectric constants (εr > 104), whereas the ceramic with x = 0.005 exhibits an ultralow loss (tan δ) of about 0.008 at room temperature and 1 kHz. The origins of its excellent dielectric properties were revealed by XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and dielectric response analysis, which were mainly caused by defective dipoles associated with oxygen vacancies (). These defective dipoles limiting the long‐range hopping of electrons lead to the electron pinning effect. Additionally, the frequency spectrum under DC bias and conductivity behavior suggests that grain boundary and electrode effects also contribute to the dielectric constant. This study not only explores the dielectric response properties of a new giant dielectric (Tb0.5Ta0.5)xTi1−xO2 ceramics but also offers a candidate material suitable for ceramics capacitors.
Comparative trophic ecology of two sympatric guitarfishes Pseudobatos (Chondrichthyes, Rhinobatidae) from Southeast Brazil, southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Chelotti Luiza de David , Gadig Otto Bismarck Fazzano
Published: October 2022

The present study compares the trophic ecology of two guitarfishes (Pseudobatos percellens and Pseudobatos horkelii) from the continental shelf of the São Paulo State, Brazil, caught by the bottom pair trawls between 2007 and 2009. These two sympatric species are under different threat categories, “Vulnerable” and “Critically Endangered,” respectively, according to Brazilian agencies. Thus, any study considering trophic ecology parameters is pivotal in understanding the trophic ecology role of such species in the ecosystem. The authors analysed 500 stomachs of P. percellens and 108 of P. horkelii, quantifying with dietary indexes: numerical (%N), gravimetric (%W), frequency of occurrence (%FO) and the prey‐specific index of relative importance (%PSIRI). For P. percellens and P. horkelii, 26 and 14 different prey items were found, respectively. Crustacea and Teleostei were the most important prey items for both species, indicating a specialist feeding behaviour due to their low niche amplitude. The results provide evidence related to ontogenetic dietary shift in P. percellens and individual‐level diet specialization in both species. These two benthic‐demersal elasmobranchs are important mesopredators (3,7 for P. percellens, and 3,5 for P. horkelii) in the study area, with high trophic‐level values.
Differential effect of anticoagulation according to cognitive function and frailty in older patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wang Weijia , Lessard Darleen , Kiefe Catarina I. , Goldberg Robert J. , Parish David , Helm Robert , Trymbulak Katherine , Mehawej Jordy , Abu Hawa , Bamgbade Benita A. , Hayward Robert , Gore Joel , Gurwitz Jerry H. , McManus David D. , Saczynski Jane S.
Published: October 2022

Background

In older patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), cognitive impairment and frailty are prevalent. It is unknown whether the risk and benefit of anticoagulation differ by cognitive function and frailty.

Methods

A total of 1244 individuals with AF with age ≥65 years and a CHADSVASC score ≥2 were recruited from clinics in Massachusetts and Georgia between 2016 and 18 and followed until 2020. At baseline, frailty status and cognitive function were assessed. Hazard ratios of anticoagulation on physician adjudicated outcomes were adjusted by the propensity for receiving anticoagulation and stratified by cognitive function and frailty status.

Results

The average age was 75.5 (± 7.1) years, 49% were women, and 86% were prescribed oral anticoagulants. At baseline, 528 (42.4%) participants were cognitively impaired and 172 (13.8%) were frail. The adjusted hazard ratios of anticoagulation for the composite of major bleeding or death were 2.23 (95% confidence interval: 1.08–4.61) among cognitively impaired individuals and 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.49–1.79) among cognitively intact individuals (P for interaction = 0.08). Adjusted hazard ratios for anticoagulation were 1.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.66–5.13) among frail individuals and 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 0.84–2.40) among not frail individuals (P for interaction = 0.67).

Conclusion

Compared with no anticoagulation, anticoagulation is associated with more major bleeding episodes and death in older patients with AF who are cognitively impaired.
Unmet health‐related needs of community‐dwelling older adults during COVID‐19 lockdown in a diverse urban cohort
Authors: Perry Laura , Scheerens Charlotte , Greene Meredith , Shi Ying , Onion Zoe , Bayudan Evamae , Stern Rachel J. , Gilissen Joni , Chodos Anna H.
Published: October 2022

Background

Shelter‐in‐place orders during the COVID‐19 pandemic created unmet health‐related and access‐related needs among older adults. We sought to understand the prevalence of these needs among community‐dwelling older adults.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of pandemic‐related outreach calls to older adults between March and July 2020 at four urban, primary care clinics: a home‐based practice, a safety net adult medicine clinic, an academic geriatrics practice, and a safety net clinic for adults living with HIV. Participants included those 60 or older at three sites, and those 65 or older with a chronic health condition at the fourth. We describe unmet health‐related needs (the need for medication refills, medical supplies, or food) and access‐related needs (ability to perform a telehealth visit, need for a call back from the primary care provider). We performed bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine the association between unmet needs and demographics, medical conditions, and healthcare utilization.

Results

Sixty‐two percent of people had at least one unmet need. Twenty‐six percent had at least one unmet health‐related need; 14.0% needed medication refills, 12.5% needed medical supplies, and 3.0% had food insecurity. Among access‐related needs, 33% were not ready for video visits, and 36.4% asked for a return call from their provider. Prevalence of any unmet health‐related need was the highest among Asian versus White (36.4% vs. 19.1%) and in the highest versus lowest poverty zip codes (30.8% vs. 18.2%). Those with diabetes and COPD had higher unmet health‐related needs than those without, and there was no change in healthcare utilization.

Conclusions

During COVID, we found that disruptions in access to services created unmet needs among older adults, particularly for those who self‐identified as Asian. We must foreground the needs of this older population group in the response to future public health crises.
Solar Light Responsive Graphitic Carbon Nitride Coupled Porphyrin Photocatalyst that Uses for Solar Fine Chemical Production
Authors: Mishra Shaifali , Yadav Rajesh K. , Singh Satyam , Chaubey Surabhi , Singh Pooja , Singh Chandani , Gupta Sarvesh Kumar , Gupta Shivani , Tiwary Dhanesh , Kim Tae Wu
Published: October 2022

Photocatalysis is a defendable manner for production of several organic chemicals, energy and its storage from solar energy. For the evolution of metal free, cost‐effective catalyst a 2D composite has been appear as a photocatalyst. Here, we had reported the synthesis of a light harvesting composite as a photocatalyst which was assembled by a poly‐condensation mechanism between graphitic carbon nitride and tetrakis(4‐nitrophenyl) porphyrin and the resulting composite manifest the excellent light harvesting properties, suitable energy band and low charge recombination. The photocatalyst [(NO2)4TPP@g‐C3N4] enables the efficient photocatalytic production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) from consumed NAD+ also the production of organic chemicals like 4‐methoxybenzylimines from 4‐methoxybenzylamines. The photocatalytic efficiency of the photocatalyst was estimated by the percentage of NADH regeneration and the percentage yield of organic transformations. It shows the tetrakis(4‐nitrophenyl) porphyrin could enhance the charge transfer capacity of graphitic carbon nitride which shows excellent photocatalysis activities and organic transformations.
Developing a shared supplier with endogenous spillovers
Authors: Veldman Jasper , Anderson Edward , Pulles Niels J. , Gaalman Gerard
Published: October 2022

Firms who buy from suppliers often engage in supplier development to reduce the supplier's production cost. Being aware that their efforts may benefit a rival firm when there is a shared supplier, some buyers only invest in “specific supplier development,” that is, in those processes or technologies where spillover cannot occur. Other buyers willingly accept the spillover that arises from supplier development, and invest in “generic supplier development.” Our game‐theoretic model captures a buyer's choice to invest in these distinct supplier development types as a way to endogenize spillovers. In contrast to the literature, this paper considers the benefits of investing in a combination (i.e., portfolio) of cost‐reducing generic and specific supplier development. We demonstrate how supplier development affects a shared supplier's wholesale pricing decisions; whereas generic supplier development lowers wholesale prices equally across buyers, specific supplier development only lowers the wholesale price of the investing party. Our model shows that buyers should treat the spillovers from generic supplier development as an investment opportunity rather than a threat. In equilibrium, a buyer will always invest in a portfolio of both supplier development types, and having a better generic than specific investment capability may even make generic supplier development the most prevalent option for him, depending on the level of competition. Moreover, even if the buyers can commit to only investing in specific supplier investment, the resulting equilibrium gives lower buyer profits than a portfolio that includes generic investments. We also find that the presence of specific investments may raise generic supplier development, benefiting all supply chain actors. However, incorporating specific supplier development into a supplier development portfolio or a commitment to investment in only specific supplier development can lead to a prisoner's dilemma in terms of buyer profits. We show how investment capabilities and competitive intensity drive the buyers' investment decisions and supply chain actors' profits. The paper's main results also hold for asymmetric generic investment capabilities, though we highlight that the least capable buyer will free‐ride on his rival's investments, consequently making him earn higher profits.
Optimizing the economic and environmental benefits of ride‐hailing and pooling
Authors: Naumov Sergey , Keith David
Published: October 2022

Ride‐hailing platforms such as Uber and Lyft promise to reduce the negative externalities of driving and improve access to transportation. However, recent empirical evidence has been mixed about the impact of ride‐hailing on US cities, often resulting in a net increase in traffic congestion and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, largely due to increased travel demand and competition with public transit. Pooled rides, in which multiple passengers share a single vehicle, are an effective solution to improve the sustainability of ride‐hailing, reducing GHG emissions and traffic congestion and appealing to price‐sensitive population segments by offering relatively cheaper rides. Yet, most ride‐hailing trips are unprofitable currently, resulting from ride‐hailing rides being subsidized (especially pooled) to compete with cheaper transportation alternatives such as public transit. In this paper, we consider whether price optimization can be used to improve ride‐hailing revenues while also reducing the environmental impacts of ride‐hailing, particularly as the cost of ride‐hailing is expected to fall into the future with the introduction of automated vehicles. Using a discrete choice experiment and multinomial logit choice model with a representative sample of the US population, we estimate consumer preferences for the attributes of ride‐hailing services and use them to explore how ride prices affect the revenue of ride‐hailing platforms and the total vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by the ride‐hailing fleet. We show that as the costs of driving fall, continuously increasing the difference between the prices of individual and pooled rides is financially optimal for ride‐hailing platforms. Importantly, this pricing strategy also significantly reduces total VMT, resulting in a win–win for ride‐hailing platforms and cities. We perform extensive sensitivity analyses and show that our results are qualitatively robust under a wide range of consumer preferences and market conditions but that the optimal trajectory of prices and realized gains vary, highlighting opportunities for ride‐hailing services to influence the future of urban transportation.
Neuropsychiatric outcomes and caregiver distress in primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Seckin Mustafa , Yıldırım Elif , Demir İlayda , Orhun Ömer , Bülbül Ezgi , Velioğlu H. Aziz , Öktem Öget , Yeşilot Nilüfer , Çoban Oğuzhan , Gürvit Hakan
Published: October 2022

Background

In this study, we aimed to outline the neuropsychiatric consequences of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and to understand how neuropsychiatric symptomatology affects distress in caregivers.

Methods

The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) including the distress index (NPI‐Distress) was used. Additional information about the caregiver burden was obtained using Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). NPI, NPI‐Distress, and ZBI data from 17 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PPA were compared with 10 stroke aphasia patients. Neuropsychiatric symptomatology was investigated based on three clusters; Mood, Frontal/Comportmental, and Psychotic/Disruptive. Additionally, the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADLQ) was used to outline the functional impairment. Twelve healthy controls were included to compare the neurocognitive test scores with PPA and stroke aphasia groups.

Results

A greater number of neuropsychiatric symptoms were observed in the PPA group compared to the stroke aphasia group. The number of symptoms in Mood, and Frontal/Comportmental clusters were greater than the number of symptoms in Psychotic/Disruptive clusters in the PPA group, whereas no significant relationship between the number of symptoms and symptom clusters was found in the stroke aphasia group. In the PPA group, a strong correlation was found between the NPI‐Frequency × Severity scores and the NPI‐Distress scores. Moreover, the NPI‐Distress scores in the PPA group strongly correlated with the ZBI scores. Scores for anxiety, irritability/lability, and apathy had a stronger correlation with the NPI‐Distress scores compared to the other NPI symptoms. The Communication subscale was the most impaired domain in the PPA group. Travel, and Employment and Recreation subscales showed greater functional impairment in the stroke aphasia group compared to the PPA group.

Conclusions

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in PPA in our study were more frequent than previously reported. Furthermore, the distress index of the NPI was not only correlated with the severity of the neuropsychiatric symptoms but also reflected the overall burden on the caregivers in the PPA group.
Intraspecific variation in native grass seedling plastic trait response to water stress depends on the context of annual grass invasion
Authors: Aoyama Lina , Cook Emily J. , Hallett Lauren M.
Published: October 2022

Seed selection is critical for successful restoration in semiarid systems. In the Great Basin, drought and annual grass invasion are primary barriers to native perennial seedling establishment. Local seed sourcing is encouraged to overcome drought, as drier populations exhibit drought‐adapted traits. Whether drought‐adapted traits are also beneficial for resisting invasive annual grasses, however, is an outstanding question. Here, we evaluate seedling performance and trait expression of Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), a native perennial grass commonly used in restoration, in a factorial experiment that crossed seed source (five populations collected along an aridity gradient), water treatment (wet and dry), and competition (with and without cheatgrass). Seeds from the wettest site had the highest mean seedling establishment rate and biomass compared to seeds from drier sites. Establishment rate was sensitive to drought but not to cheatgrass competition, whereas biomass was sensitive to both stressors. Watering and competition treatments had a significant interaction effect on seedling trait expression. Specifically, without cheatgrass competition P. secunda exhibited more resource‐conservative traits under drought, such as lower specific leaf area and higher proportion of fine roots, whereas the relationship shifted such that with cheatgrass competition P. secunda exhibited more resource‐acquisitive traits under drought. Plasticity of seedling emergence and root length were negatively correlated with drought tolerance, which suggests no evidence for adaptive plasticity. As trait‐based approaches are increasingly used for seed selection in the Great Basin, our results highlight that the predictive power of traits for drought depends on the context of annual grass invasion.
Effect of conventional multilevel brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome surgery on clinical and videofluoroscopic evidence of hiatal herniation and gastroesophageal reflux in dogs
Authors: Mayhew Philipp D. , Marks Stanley L. , Pollard Rachel , Balsa Ingrid M. , Culp William T. N. , Giuffrida Michelle A.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To evaluate the effect of conventional multilevel surgery (CMS) for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) on associated sliding hiatal hernia (SHH) and/or gastroesophageal reflux (GER).

Study design

Prospective clinical trial.

Animals

Sixteen client‐owned dogs with clinical signs consistent with BOAS and associated SHH and GER.

Methods

All dogs were treated with 1 or more components of CMS including soft palate resection, laryngeal ventriculectomy, and alaplasty. A standardized Dog Swallowing Assessment Tool (Dog SAT) questionnaire was completed by owners preoperatively and postoperatively. Videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) were used to evaluate esophageal motility, gastroesophageal reflux, and hiatal herniation preoperatively, and in a subset of dogs postoperatively. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic studies were performed to document esophagitis and lower esophageal sphincter pathology.

Results

All dogs were discharged from the hospital. One dog experienced aspiration pneumonia immediately postoperatively. Owner‐assigned clinical scores improved in scores related to regurgitation after eating and regurgitation (P = .012) during increased activity/exercise (P = .002) between preoperative and postoperative time points. However, no improvement was detected in masked assessment of preoperative and postoperative VFSS studies in terms of GER frequency (P = .46) or severity (P = .79), SHH frequency (P = .082) or severity (P = .34) scores.

Conclusion

Owners of dogs treated with CMS perceived an improvement in clinical signs of SHH and GER that was not confirmed by VFSS studies.

Clinical significance

Conventional multilevel surgery in dogs with BOAS does not appear to consistently resolve SHH and GER, although clinical signs may improve.
El Museo como Courtroom: los archivos clasificados de la CIA en la obra de la artista chilena Voluspa Jarpa
Authors: Dorfman Daniela
Published: October 2022

Que el arte contemporáneo internacional registra un archival turn es ya un acuerdo unánime entre los teóricos. Aunque no es la primera vez que el arte recurre a materiales de archivo, este impulso tiene –según Hal Foster– la característica distintiva de representar una búsqueda de los artistas por hacer físicamente presente en sus obras información histórica previamente inaccesible. En América Latina, donde las dictaduras atentaron contra la formación de archivos, el archival art es frecuentemente pensado en relación con la construcción de memoria cultural. Este artículo, sin embargo, propone pensar –a partir de la obra que la artista chilena Voluspa Jarpa (1971) elaboró con archivos desclasificados de la CIA– el interés de la exhibición artística de documentos históricos como síntoma de una búsqueda de verdad –de la verdad de los hechos y de un “acontecimiento de verdad” (Badiou)–, que antes se daba en otros ámbitos y que ahora parece darse en el arte. El artículo analiza los modos en que la exhibición museística de documentos de archivo modifica la relación con el espectador, para finalmente reflexionar sobre lo que eso significa respecto del lugar social del arte y del museo como lugares alternativos de búsqueda de verdad y justicia.
A Comparison of Finite Element Computations and an Analytical Approach for Determining Hull-Induced Underwater-Radiated Noise
Authors: Andresen-Paulsen Gyde , von Bock und Polach Rüdiger Ulrich Franz , Donderer Matthias
Published: October 2022

Underwater-radiated noise (URN) of shipping significantly affects marine wildlife and can be a substantial but unwanted signature. Structure- and air-borne noise induced by motions of the main engine lead to a vibrating ship hull that radiates underwater sound. However, until today it is not yet fully understood which structural parameters influence the hull-induced underwater noise radiation, and to what extent. Acoustic tests suffer from long lead times and require high effort, i.e., cost-intensive measuring systems and high personnel costs for setting up and conducting measurements, filtering out background noises, etc. Additionally, they are not well-suited for systematic studies, e.g., for varying geometry parameters. Numerical simulations can serve as a cost-efficient and versatile alternative but their validation is impeded by a lack of available and suitable experimental data. Here, a first step is presented towards validated numerical simulations for investigating the impact of each structural parameter as well as their coupling to URN. Finite element simulations are conducted comparing results with an analytical solution for underwater sound radiation of an infinite plate. The simulations show a good agreement with the analytical solution. Nonetheless, the degree of agreement between the two approaches depends significantly on the boundary conditions as well as on the setup of the numerical model. The analytical solution is valid for an infinite plate and an unconfined fluid domain, by setting boundary conditions in a numerical model these assumptions can be included. Based on the validated numerical model of an infinite plate, a bottom-up approach can be applied, for further investigations of various parameters of more complex structures regarding their influence on URN.
Numerical Investigation of Flow in Porous Media Around a Mono-Pile Under Steady Current
Authors: Zhai Yanyan , Christensen Erik Damgaard
Published: October 2022

The study numerically investigates the three-dimensional (3D) flow features around a mono-pile with scour protection under steady flow condition. A hydrodynamic model based on Volume-averaged Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (VARANS) equations with the Volume-averaged k-ω turbulence closure is developed, which is implemented in OpenFOAM. The numerical model is firstly verified against experiments and known analytical/empirical expressions by simulating simple turbulent flows. Under the steady current, a 3D model using a parabolic transition near the interface is validated against experimental measurements regarding the flow features both inside and outside of the scour protection around a mono-pile. The computed results are reasonably in line with the experiments. The simulations demonstrate the ability of the developed model to evaluate the flow behaviors in scour protection.
Stochastic Weather Window Analysis in Operations and Maintenance Planning Policies for Offshore Floating Multi-Purpose Platforms
Authors: Heo Taemin , Liu Ding Peng , Manuel Lance
Published: October 2022

In an emerging “blue economy,” large multipurpose floating platforms in the open ocean could possibly support a range of activities including energy generation, aquaculture, seabed mining, transport, tourism, and sea-based laboratories. A Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework is developed to deal with operations and maintenance issues that are inevitable; challenges arise from the complex stochastic weather conditions that need to be accounted for. Using data as well as contrasting synthetic simulations of relevant weather variables, we demonstrate the robustness/versatility of the MDP model.
CFD Prediction and Validation for the Maneuverability of a Damaged Ship
Authors: Luo Rui , Dong Kai , Liu Liwei , Wang Xianzhou
Published: October 2022

The present study performed direct simulations of turning circle and zigzag tests of a surface combatant ONR tumblehome model with a damaged bow compartment, using an in-house viscous RANS code. The overset grid approach was applied and the 6DOF equation of rigid body was solved to predict the motions of free-running ship in self-propulsion and maneuvering processes. Firstly, the self-propulsion simulations of intact and damaged conditions were conducted, and the propeller revolution rate was validated by comparing with the corresponding experiment data. Afterwards, the turning and zigzag tests of intact/damaged ship with same Froude number were simulated numerically, and the results of maneuvering criteria were compared with the available experimental data, which showed good matches with each other. This demonstrated that the direct simulations for free-running ship maneuver utilizing present numerical methods are feasible and reliable. The maneuvering criteria of intact and damaged conditions were compared with each other, which aimed to evaluate the effects of damaged compartment on the ship maneuverability. Meantime, the free surface near the damaged compartment were focused, which were used to present the flow communication between ship and environment.
Study on the Hydrodynamic Coefficients of a Submarine in the Density Stratified Flow
Authors: Dong Guohua , Yao Chaobang , Feng Dakui , Zhou Guangli
Published: October 2022

Due to the difference in temperature and salinity, density stratification exist in the actual ocean environment. Under this situation, any disturbance may excite internal waves. In the density stratified flow, the safe operation of a submarine will be influenced by internal waves. In recent years, more and more researchers had paid attention to this issue.

This paper takes the SUBOFF submarine model as the research object. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is used to investigate the flow field and the hydrodynamic coefficients of the submarine. Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) method is used to simulate the wake fields of submarine traveling in the stratified fluids. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to capture the body-generated internal wave. Uncertainty analysis of grid size and time step are carried out to obtain the convergent results. The effects of the distances from the internal interfaces and density of stratified fluid on the wave pattern of SUBOFF are investigated in detail. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the submarine were obtained through the plane motion mechanism (PMM) in virtual tank taking the effect of density stratification into consideration. Forced motion of SUBOFF is numerically simulated by combining DFBI method and overset grid technology. By comparing the hydrodynamic coefficients of the submarine under different densities and depths, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the submarine in density stratified flow are discussed.
2D Discrete Module Beam (DMB) Method Formulation to Simulate Hydro-Elastic Structures With Two Horizontal Bending Axes
Authors: P. Bakti Farid , Jin Chungkuk , Kim Moo-Hyun
Published: October 2022

The 1D Discrete Module Beam (DMB) discretize hydro-elastic body into multiple independent rigid bodies (modules) connected by beam elements. The technique has proven accurate in representing structures with a large length-to-breadth ratio (L/B), such as floating bridge, barge, and ship structures. Only one horizontal bending axes are typically considered for such structures. Bending stiffness in the other horizontal axis is considered stiff and consequently treated as rigid. However, this assumption is not satisfied for structures with L/B closer to one. This study aims to extend the 1D DMB method into the 2D DMB method in the frequency domain to simulate hydro-elastic structures with two horizontal bending axes by arranging the beam elements into grid-like configurations in both horizontal axes (x and y). The method is then validated through comparisons with published experimental results and other numerical methods for various sea states. The method’s versatility is then demonstrated by incorporating linearized mooring stiffness in the frequency domain, which consequently changes the structures’ hydrodynamic response. It is found that for freely floating bodies, the centerline deformation of both the 1D and 2D DMB methods is the same. However, the 1D DMB method cannot properly capture the breadth-wise elastic-deformation in oblique waves and the moored case. In those cases, the 2D DMB formulation becomes particularly important. The presented 2D DMB method is projected to be a practical tool to simulate floating structures with unconventional configurations such as floating solar panels and other very large floating structures.
Propulsive Performance of a Novel Crescent-Shaped Wind Sail Analyzed With Unsteady RANS
Authors: Zhu Heng , Nikmanesh Melisa Begüm , Yao Hua-Dong , Ramne Bengt , Ringsberg Jonas W.
Published: October 2022

The use of wind-assisted ship propulsion is regarded as one of the effective ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study presents a numerical analysis of the aerodynamics of a single rigid wind sail using URANS (Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations). A new foil profile, the crescent-shaped foil, is proposed and then, compared with the classical profile NACA 0015. Both 2D and 3D simulations are conducted. The key physical quantities of interest are detailly discussed, such as the external loads on the sail, the induced flow field, as well as the propulsive performance. It is concluded that the wind sail with the crescent-shaped section has higher propulsion efficiency than that with NACA0015. However, flow separation is found for the former section. As the separation deteriorates the flow unsteadiness, this effect poses a challenge to the strength and stability of the wind sail structure. Moreover, the 3D simulations of both profiles, especially NACA 0015, show that the tip vortices induced from the sail side edge account for significant negative impacts on the propulsion performance.
Use of a Linear Discretization of the Velocity Potential in the Frequency-Domain Linear Potential Flow Theory
Authors: Wuillaume Pierre-Yves , Letournel Lucas , Rongère François , Chauvigné Camille
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the use of a linear discretization of the velocity potential in a frequency-domain potential flow based solver. The velocity potential is assumed to vary linearly over each panel. This approach differs from the Constant Panel Method (CPM), classically used in diffraction-radiation codes. The linear discretization is studied as a possible interesting strategy in terms of accuracy and CPU time.

The first goal of this study is the presentation of the impact of the linear discretization in the equations of the potential flow theory. The second goal is the quantification of its interest in terms of accuracy and CPU time compared to the Constant Panel Method.