bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bimetallic In2O3/Bi2O3 Catalysts Enable Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Formate within Ultra‐Broad Potential Windows
Authors: Yang Zhongxue , Wang Hongzhi , Bi Xinze , Tan Xiaojie , Zhao Yuezhu , Wang Wenhang , Zou Yecheng , Wang Huaiping , Ning Hui , Wu Mingbo
Published: September 2022

CO2 electrochemical reduction reaction (CO2RR) to formate is a hopeful pathway for reducing CO2 and producing high‐value chemicals, which needs highly selective catalysts with ultra‐broad potential windows to meet the industrial demands. Herein, the nanorod‐like bimetallic In2O3/Bi2O3 catalysts were successfully synthesized by pyrolysis of bimetallic InBi‐MOF precursors. The abundant oxygen vacancies generated from the lattice mismatch of Bi2O3 and In2O3 reduced the activation energy of CO2 to and improved the selectivity of to formate simultaneously. Meanwhile, the carbon skeleton derived from the pyrolysis of organic framework of InBi‐MOF provided a conductive network to accelerate the electrons transmission. The catalyst exhibited an ultra‐broad applied potential window of 1200 mV (from −0.4 to −1.6 V vs RHE), relativistic high Faradaic efficiency of formate (99.92%) and satisfactory stability after 30 h. The in situ FT‐IR experiment and DFT calculation verified that the abundant oxygen vacancies on the surface of catalysts can easily absorb CO2 molecules, and oxygen vacancy path is dominant pathway. This work provides a convenient method to construct high‐performance bimetallic catalysts for the industrial application of CO2RR.
Discharged Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays Coated with Ni as a High‐Performance Lithium Battery Electrode Material
Authors: Chen Junjun , Zeng Taofang , Chang Shiying , Fang Dong , Yi Jianhong , Xie Ming , Mamatkulov Shavkat , Ruzimuradov Olim , Han Tao
Published: September 2022

Transition metal oxides are in high demand as electrode materials for alkali metal‐ion batteries due to high theoretical capacity. However, low electron transfer kinetics and slow ion migration lead to poor cycle stability and rate performance of the transition metal oxide electrode. Herein, TiO2 nanotube arrays coated with Ni (Ni/TiO2NTs) are fabricated by using predischarge‐electrodeposition method and subsequent calcination under H2/N2. In the Ni/TiO2NTs composite, TiO2NTs and Ni nanoparticles play the role of framework and coating layer, respectively. The as‐prepared Ni/TiO2NTs composites have a high specific surface area and a unique tubular structure, which facilitates the quick penetration of the electrolyte into the tubes and reduces the lithium ions’ diffusion distance. The incorporation of Ti3+ and metallic nickel in the hydrogenated TiO2NTs also increases conductivity. Besides, the spin‐polarized surface capacitance of Ni0 nanoparticles causes the magnetic changes that generate an extra lithium‐ion storage capacity. The Ni/TiO2NTs composite electrode maintains a high capacity of 507 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g−1. Here, the predischarge‐electrodeposition provides a new route for the preparation of composite materials.
Characterization of the Solid–Electrolyte Interphase Growth During Cell Formation Based on Differential Voltage Analysis
Authors: Schomburg Felix , Drees Robin , Kurrat Michael , Danzer Michael A. , Röder Fridolin
Published: September 2022

The solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) in lithium‐ion batteries is mainly built during cell formation. The SEI significantly influences safety, aging, and performance. Due to the manifold influential factors, it is time‐consuming to systematically optimize the cell formation. Herein, a novel procedure to characterize the SEI growth during the first cycle of formation with low experimental effort is introduced. Coin cells in a three‐electrode setup are tested under pseudo‐open‐circuit conditions. By evaluating the differential voltage, the capacity loss due to SEI formation during the first cycle is estimated. The identification of the SEI growth curve is carried out using various methods, which are compared in detail. The approach is exemplary applied to compare different electrolytes. It is shown that the approach can be used to parameterize SEI growth models. An analysis of these models indicates that the SEI growth can be explained by a combination of two growth mechanisms, that is, interstitial diffusion and electron tunneling, while the latter is dominant in the beginning of the formation. Further, based on the results it is suggested that the transition between these mechanisms is influenced by the electrolyte.
Performance evaluation of Tagetes erecta plant microbial fuel cell using the composite ceramic anode of rice‐husk, mild‐steel dust, and soil
Authors: Sonu Kumar , Sogani Monika , Syed Zainab , Rajvanshi Jayana
Published: September 2022

This study deals with the fabrication of a low‐cost ceramic anode made by blending the rice husk and mild steel dust with soil (RMS anode) for its application in plant microbial fuel cells (PMFCs). The high cost of electrode material has been a major concern in practical applications of the PMFC technology, but the present composition of waste materials such as rice husk, mild steel dust along with soil has served as an alternative low‐cost electrode material. Tagetes erecta plant has been used to produce clean and continuous electrical energy in the PMFC. The blending of rice husk has improved the porosity of the ceramic anode. The maximum power density recorded in PMFC with 50% rice husk anode was 1.4 mW/m2 as against 0.26 mW/m2 with the anode without rice husk. High biomass growth in terms of better plant height and higher chlorophyll content was also detected in the PMFC system within 60 working days.
Investigating the relationships between emotional experiences and behavioral responses amid the Covid‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Wang Tingting , Zheng Xin , Niu Zhaomeng , Hu Pengwei , Dong Ruiqi , Tang Zhihan
Published: September 2022

The Covid‐19 pandemic produced a complex combination of intense negative emotions among the general public, influencing people's coping reactions toward the pandemic. Yet each discrete emotion may affect people's behaviors in different ways. Unveiling the specific emotion–behavior relationships can provide valuable implications for designing effective intervention programs. Through the lens of the appraisal theory of emotion, we assessed the relationships between negative emotions and pandemic‐related behaviors among the Chinese population midst the early outbreak of the pandemic. An anonymous online survey was distributed to mainland Chinese participants (n = 2976), which assessed individuals' emotional states and behavioral reactions to the pandemic. Consistent with the differential appraisal theme underlying each negative emotion as delineated by the appraisal theory, mixed relationships between emotions and pandemic‐related behaviors were revealed. Specifically, anxiety was positively associated with behaviors of seeking pandemic‐related information, sharing such information, and stockpiling preventive goods, yet, contrary to prediction, anxious people were reluctant to adopt preventive measures, which is maladaptive. Sad people sought information less frequently and exhibited lower intention to stockpile preventive goods; but, opposing prediction, they shared information less frequently. Angry people were more active in sharing information and in stockpiling preventive goods. These findings suggest that public health practitioners can utilize the emotion–behavior relationships to identify the vulnerable individuals who tend to adopt maladaptive coping behaviors, help them address emotional distress, and encourage their adoption of effective coping behaviors.
The non‐linear impacts of innovation on unemployment: Evidence from panel data
Authors: Law Chee‐Hong , Law Siong Hook
Published: September 2022

This article examines the linear and non‐linear impacts of innovation on unemployment in 61 countries, covering annual data from 2007 to 2016. The relationship is estimated by deploying the system generalised method of moments (SGMM) estimation. Alternative instruments for the SGMM estimation and cross‐sectional threshold estimation are utilised to investigate the estimation robustness. Although the negative linear relationship between innovation and unemployment is not robustly supported in the linear models, the empirical results of non‐linear models suggest the existence of an inverted‐U effect of innovation on unemployment rate. The marginal impact of innovation also supports the inverted‐U relationship in which only the innovation at the maximum and mean level contributes to lower unemployment. Additionally, the negative marginal effect is larger at the maximum level compared to the mean level. The robustness estimations that use alternative instruments and the Hansen threshold regression also support the non‐linear relationship. On the basis of the findings, although innovation should be encouraged to create more jobs, policymakers are advised to consider interventions in job protection, such as offering reskilling programs to mitigate rising unemployment following the initial efforts to promote innovation.
External validation of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery calculator in Israeli cohort of parturients and construction of an improved model
Authors: Haggiag Noa , Eitan Shani , Maor‐Sagie Esther , Hallak Mordechai , Gabbay‐Benziv Rinat
Published: September 2022

Objective

To validate the Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit's (MFMU) vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC) calculator in an Israeli cohort, and to detect other variables associated with VBAC and construct an improved VBAC calculator.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed at a single university‐affiliated medical center. Women carrying a singleton, term, cephalic‐presenting fetus, with previous one low transverse cesarean delivery who opted for trial of VBAC were included. Demographic and obstetric characteristics were incorporated into the MFMU's calculator, to predict probabilities of VBAC and compare prediction performance with the original publication utilizing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistics. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate other variables and construct an improved model for success of VBAC.

Results

Of 490 parturients, 396 (80.8%) had a successful vaginal delivery. Compared to the original publication, the MFMU's calculator underperformed: area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.709 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.652–0.766, P < 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy were 67.42%, 65.96%, 89.30%, 32.46%, and 32.46%, respectively. An improved model that included previous VBAC, prior vaginal delivery, spontaneous onset of delivery, and maternal diabetes resulted in improved prediction performance with an AUC of 0.771 (95% CI 0.723–0.82, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

MFMU's VBAC calculator needs to be validated in different populations before implementation.
Heat risks in Swiss milk production
Authors: Bucheli Janic , Uldry Mélissa , Finger Robert
Published: September 2022

Heat stress can affect milk production in several ways. We here quantify overall farm‐level heat effects on annual milk revenues, veterinary expenses, and feed purchases in Swiss agriculture. We combine farm‐level accountancy panel data from 1314 representative Swiss milk producers and covering 13 years with high‐quality weather data in a reduced‐form two‐way fixed effect model. Although we find that Swiss milk producers frequently encounter heat stress, we find no significant heat effects on annual milk revenues, veterinary expenses, or feed purchases. This finding implies that Swiss milk farms are on average robust to current heat exposure.
Lanthanum nitrate inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes with a disorder of mitotic clonal expansion process
Authors: Xu Linglu , Xiao Qianqian , Kang Chenping , Wei Xuetao , Hao Weidong
Published: September 2022

Lanthanum (La) as a rare earth element is widely used in agriculture, industry, and medicine. It has been suggested in several studies that La might influence glycolipid metabolism in vivo. In this study, we used 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes as in vitro cell model to elucidate the effects of La(NO3)3 on adipogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that La(NO3)3 could inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes, which showed a decrease in lipid accumulation and the downregulation of specific adipogenic transcription factors. La(NO3)3 exerted its inhibitory effect mainly at the early differentiation stage. Furthermore, La(NO3)3 influenced the S‐phase entry and cell cycle process during the mitotic clonal expansion and regulated the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and expressions of the proteins in phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway at the early stage of differentiation. Besides, La(NO3)3 upregulated the expressions of wnt10b mRNA and β‐catenin protein and promoted the nucleus translocation of β‐catenin. Additionally, we found that La(NO3)3 could promote the growth of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes both with and without MDI (3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine [IBMX], dexamethasone [Dex], and insulin) stimulation. Collectively, these results indicated that La(NO3)3 could inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and influence cell proliferation.
Front Cover
Authors: Kreiss Lucas , Ganzleben Ingo , Mühlberg Alexander , Ritter Paul , Schneidereit Dominik , Becker Christoph , Neurath Markus F. , Friedrich Oliver , Schürmann Sebastian , Waldner Maximilian
Published: September 2022

Label‐free optical technologies provide tissue features without tissue preparation and artificial stainings that are typically used in conventional pathology. Here, Raman spectroscopy is integrated to multiphoton microscopy for joint investigation of the bio‐chemistry and morphology in murine lung fibrosis, revealing molecular fingerprints, cellular components and connective tissue. Machine learning models can then use these label‐free features for automated prediction of conventional pathological scores.

Further details can be found in the article by Lucas Kreiss, Ingo Ganzleben, Alexander Mühlberg, Paul Ritter, Dominik Schneidereit, Christoph Becker, Markus F. Neurath, Oliver Friedrich, Sebastian Schürmann, and Maximilian Waldner (e202200073)

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Ligand‐stabilized heteronuclear diatomics of group 13 and 15
Authors: Kaur Aishvaryadeep , Wilson David J. D.
Published: September 2022

A theoretical investigation of ligand‐stabilized MX diatomics (M = group 13, X = group 15 element) with N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands has been carried out to assess bonding and electronic structure. Binding of two ligands in the form L‐MX‐L is generally preferred over binding of a single ligand as L‐MX or MX‐L. Binding of carbene donor ligands is predicted to be thermodynamically favorable for all the systems, and is very favorable for the lighter group 15 systems (nitrogen and phosphorus). Detailed analysis of the bonding in these complexes has been carried out with energy decomposition analysis (EDA). In all cases, the carbene to boron and carbene to nitrogen bonding is described as an electron‐sharing double bond with both σ and π bonding interactions. For the heavier elements, bonding to C (except for PC interactions) is best described as a donor‐acceptor σ single bond.
Predictive Value of18F‐FDG PET/MRIfor Pleural Invasion in Solid and Subsolid Lung Adenocarcinomas Smaller Than 3 cm
Authors: Zhang Annan , Meng Xiangxi , Yao Yuan , Zhou Xin , Yan Shuo , Fei Wang , Zhou Nina , Zhang Yan , Kong Hanjing , Li Nan
Published: September 2022

Background

Positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI combines the characteristics of metabolism imaging and high soft tissue resolution, and could provide high diagnostic efficacy for assessment of pleural invasion (PI) of lung cancer.

Purpose

To investigate the application of18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/MRI for predicting PI of lung cancer with the maximum diameter ≤3 cm.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

A total of 44 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), age from 39 to 79 years old, including 19 (56.82%) females.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3‐T, hybrid PET/MRI including axial fast spin echo respiratory‐triggered T2 fat‐suppressed imaging (T2FS) and echo planar imaging diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).

Assessment

The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of all lesions was measured on PET images. Localized effusion outside the contact between the nodules and the pleura on T2FS and signal at the contact between the nodules and the pleura on DWI were evaluated by experienced physicians through visual assessment of the MRI sequences.

Statistical Tests

Three models (models 1–3) were developed, incorporating CT, CT and PET, PET and MRI features, and Lasso regression was used in feature selection. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for PI diagnosis was visualized for each model, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The DeLong test was used to compare the different AUCs. APvalue < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The AUC of models 1–3 was 0.762, 0.829, and 0.915, respectively. The DeLong test showed a statistically significant difference between the AUCs of model 1 vs. model 3, while the differences between the AUCs of model 1 vs. model 2 (P = 0.253) and model 2 vs. model 3 (P = 0.075) were not statistically significant.

Data conclusion

18F‐FDG PET/MRI might show high predictive value for lung adenocarcinoma smaller than 3 cm with PI.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Investigating the relative contribution of anthropogenic increase in greenhouse gas and land use and land cover change to Asian climate: A dynamical downscaling study
Authors: Zhang Weiyue , Xu Zhongfeng , Guo Weidong
Published: September 2022

Human activity have caused significant increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration and land use and land cover change (LULCC), which can in turn affect regional and global climate. We investigate the relative contributions of increased GHG concentration and LULCC to the precipitation and surface air temperature (SAT) in Asia through three dynamical downscaling simulations with different land cover maps and GHG concentrations. The results suggest that the increased GHG concentration leads to an increase (decrease) in precipitation over East Asia and Southeast Asia (South Asia) in spring and winter. Over Southeast Asia and the Bay of Bengal, LULCC induced a significant decrease in precipitation in autumn and winter, and the change is greater than that induced by GHG. Moreover, the enhanced GHG concentration generally leads to a decrease in dry days or light rain days and an increase in heavy rain days over the land area. However, LULCC‐induced changes in extreme precipitation are generally weak. The increased GHG concentration induces a significant increase of 1–3°C in the SAT throughout the year. LULCC plays a more important role than the increased GHG concentration in modulating the SAT over South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia throughout the year. The increased GHG concentration and LULCC cause a broader range of changes in the daily temperature frequency. The anomalous warm event of 8–10°C increases by 1–1.5 days per season in the middle latitude regions in boreal spring due to the increased GHG concentration. LULCC also leads to an increase in high‐temperature events except central Asia.
A meta‐analysis of the association between event‐related rumination and posttraumatic growth: The Event‐Related Rumination Inventory and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory
Authors: Allen Niamh , Hevey David , Cogley Clodagh , O'Keeffe Fiadhnait
Published: September 2022

Trauma can disrupt an individual's core beliefs about themselves, others, and the world. Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is thought to be the outcome of a reconstruction process involving ruminative processing. This meta‐analysis examined the strength of the associations between event‐related intrusive and deliberate rumination and PTG. The moderating effects of variables including age, time since trauma exposure, and trauma type were examined. Eight databases were searched for English‐language, peer reviewed studies examining the associations between PTG and types of event‐related rumination in adults. Effect sizes (Pearson's r) were extracted and analyzed, and study quality was assessed using the Study Quality Assessment Tool for Observational and Cohort studies. In total, 46 studies were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A significant main effect was observed for the association between retrospectively reported deliberate rumination that occurred soon after a traumatic event and PTG, r = .45, 95% CI [.41, .49]. There was significant variability in effect sizes, and the strength of this association differed according to age. The association between intrusive rumination and PTG was not significant and varied in direction. Deliberate rumination that occurred relatively soon following trauma exposure was shown to be positively associated with PTG. The findings highlight the importance of supporting trauma survivors to engage in the deliberate cognitive processing of their experiences to encourage PTG. Longitudinal research is needed to further delineate the temporal role of event‐related rumination in PTG development.
Determination of Short Chain Branching in LLDPE by Rheology
Authors: Usanase Gisèle , Fraisse Frédéric , Taam Manel , Boyron Olivier
Published: September 2022

The relationship between the structure and the final properties of materials is an important issue in polymer science. In particular, the properties of polyolefins are impacted by their branching contents. A simple rheological method is presented to estimate the degree of short chain branching (SCB) in linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE). A range of ethylene‐1‐hexene copolymers is synthetized using a metallocene catalyst to obtain homogenous LLDPE models with various comonomer contents. The polymers are analyzed by size exclusion chromatography, 13C NMR, and crystallization elution fractionation to determine both their molar masses and their chemical composition distributions. Subsequently, they are measured by rheology to assess the impact of SCB. This work provides calibration curves for rheology and proves that it is possible to predict the SCB content in LLDPE from the melt viscosity analysis.
Analysis of an eco‐epidemiological system with Lévy noise
Authors: Li Shuang , Li Yong , Zhang Xinan
Published: September 2022

An eco‐epidemiological system with Lévy noise and white noise is proposed. In this prey–predator system, assume that the predator population is infected by disease and divided into two classes: susceptible predator and infected predator. The existence of global positive solution is derived. Threshold conditions of extinction and persistence in the mean for prey and predator population are given by Itô's formula and comparison theorem for stochastic model. The long‐time behavior of this random system is also discussed by constructing suitable Lyapunov function, which shows the relationship between the solution of stochastic system and the equilibria of corresponding deterministic system. Finally, these results are verified by numerical simulation. Our results illustrate whether Lévy noise and white noise are both unfavorable to the population size of species.
Influence of in‐situ growth of boron nitride with chestnut ball copper cobaltate synergistic ammonium polyphosphate on flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and thermal conductivity of polylactic acid
Authors: Xu Wenzong , Yao Le , Ding Ding , Zhou Haiou , Zhou Yaocheng , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2022

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is generally used to prepare fire retardant polymer composites, but it is still a challenge to further improve its flame retardant efficiency. In this study, BN‐CuCo2O4 (BNCC) hybrid was successfully prepared by in‐situ growth of copper cobaltate (CC) on boron nitride (BN) by the hydrothermal method. It was added together with APP to polylactic acid (PLA) to prepare PLA composite materials. Investigations were performed into its influence on the composite's fire‐retardant ability and thermal conductivity. When 3 wt% BNCC and 12 wt% APP was added, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the PLA composite reached 31.7%, which was higher than that of pure PLA improved by 69.5% and it reached V‐0 rating of vertical combustion test (UL‐94). The cone calorimeter (CCT) test showed that the addition of 3 wt% BNCC and 12 wt% APP to PLA composites significantly increased both the residual char yield and the efficiency of suppressing smoke production compared to pure PLA and APP/PLA composites. BNCC could further improve its flame retardant efficiency of APP. The thermal conductivity test showed that BNCC further improved the thermal conductivity of PLA composites. Furthermore, the residual char and fire‐retardant mechanism of the composites was analyzed and intensive studied.
Multi‐omics analysis to characterize molecular adaptation of Entamoeba histolytica during serum stress
Authors: Singh Shashi Shekhar , Mansuri Mohammad Shahid , Naiyer Sarah , Kaur Devinder , Agrahari Mridula , Srinivasan Sandhya , Jhingan Gagan Deep , Bhattacharya Alok , Bhattacharya Sudha
Published: September 2022

Entamoeba histolytica is responsible for dysentery and extraintestinal disease in humans. To establish successful infection, it must generate adaptive response against stress due to host defense mechanisms. We have developed a robust proteomics workflow by combining miniaturized sample preparation, low flow‐rate chromatography, and ultra‐high sensitivity mass spectrometry, achieving increased proteome coverage, and further integrated proteomics and RNA‐seq data to decipher regulation at translational and transcriptional levels. Label‐free quantitative proteomics led to identification of 2344 proteins, an improvement over the maximum number identified in E. histolytica proteomic studies. In serum‐starved cells, 127 proteins were differentially abundant and were associated with functions including antioxidant activity, cytoskeleton, translation, catalysis, and transport. The virulence factor, Gal/GalNAc‐inhibitable lectin subunits, was significantly altered. Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic data revealed that only 30% genes were coordinately regulated at both transcriptional and translational levels. Some highly expressed transcripts did not change in protein abundance. Conversely, genes with no transcriptional change showed enhanced protein abundance, indicating post‐transcriptional regulation. This multi‐omics approach enables more refined gene expression analysis to understand the adaptive response of E. histolytica during growth stress.
Compound heterozygous mutation of RTEL1 in interstitial lung disease complicated with pneumothorax and emphysema: A case report and literature review
Authors: Luo Man , Wang Jiao‐Li
Published: September 2022

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are common respiratory diseases with limited treatment options and poor prognoses. Early and accurate diagnosis of ILD is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary discussion. We report a 32‐year‐old patient admitted to our hospital with cough and increasing dyspnea on exertion. Computerized tomography scan of his chest demonstrated diffuse interstitial abnormalities, emphysematous changes, and a pneumothorax. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing indicated a compound mutation of heterozygosity in RTEL1 gene c.2992C > T(p.Arg998*) and c.482T > C(p.Val161Ala). In‐silicon analysis revealed the pathogenic nonsense mutation c.2992C > T, which introduced a premature stop codon in exon 30 of RTEL1. The patient is still alive with progressive dyspnea to now. We reviewed the pathophysiology of ILD patients carrying RTEL1 mutations and the roles of RTEL1 mutation in guiding treatment and prognostication in ILD.
An auxiliary Part‐of‐Speech tagger for blog and microblog cyber‐slang
Authors: Golia Silvia , Zola Paola
Published: September 2022

The increasing impact of Web 2.0 involves a growing usage of slang, abbreviations, and emphasized words, which limit the performance of traditional natural language processing models. The state‐of‐the‐art Part‐of‐Speech (POS) taggers are often unable to assign a meaningful POS tag to all the words in a Web 2.0 text. To solve this limitation, we are proposing an auxiliary POS tagger that assigns the POS tag to a given token based on the information deriving from a sequence of preceding and following POS tags. The main advantage of the proposed auxiliary POS tagger is its ability to overcome the need of tokens' information since it only relies on the sequences of existing POS tags. This tagger is called auxiliary because it requires an initial POS tagging procedure that might be performed using online dictionaries (e.g., Wikidictionary) or other POS tagging algorithms. The auxiliary POS tagger relies on a Bayesian network that uses information about preceding and following POS tags. It was evaluated on the Brown Corpus, which is a general linguistics corpus, on the modern ARK dataset composed by Twitter messages, and on a corpus of manually labeled Web 2.0 data.
Pd(II)‐Functionalized Polymeric Shell Encapsulated on Magnetite Nanocatalysts for C−C Coupling Reactions
Authors: Rathod Prakash B. , Ajish Kumar K. S. , Pratap Singh Mahendra , Athawale Anjali A. , Pandey Ashok K.
Published: September 2022

A polymeric network grafted on the magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PAA−PPh3) were found to aggregate in the form a cotton‐ball like morphology, which exhibited a good loading of Pd(II) generally used as homogeneous catalyst in many coupling reactions. To prepare the Fe3O4@PAA−PPh3 nanoplatform for loading Pd(II), Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with amines were coupled to polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethylene amine (PEI) and triphenyl phosphine (PPh3) sequentially using the HBTU‐DIEA coupling method. The Pd(II)‐loaded Fe3O4@PAA−PPh3 catalyst showed better activity toward the representative Mizoroki‐Heck type coupling reactions. The catalytic activity of Fe3O4@PAA−PPh3 loaded with palladium was compared with the available homogenous and heterogeneous catalyst systems. This comparison seemed to suggest that Pd(II)‐loaded Fe3O4@PAA−PPh3 had higher turnover frequency, which could be a potential alternative to the existingnanoplatforms for loading homogeneous catalysts in terms of not only better turnover number and turnover frequency but also improved recyclability.
Imidazolinium‐functionalized Complexes of Cobalt and Iron as Catalysts for Hydrosilylation Reactions
Authors: Chen Lei , Huo Yingpeng , Tai Mingyang , Wang Xiaofei , Gui Xuefeng , Tu Yuanyuan , Lin Shudong , Hu Jiwen
Published: September 2022

The hydrosilylation addition reaction is one of the most important methods for the synthesis of silicone compounds, in which the catalyst plays an extremely important role. Currently, the most widely used hydrosilylation addition catalyst is platinum metal catalysts, but they are difficult to recycle, expensive and contaminates the product frequently. Thus, research into base metal catalysts is gradually attracting more attention. In this paper, two imidazolinium‐functionalized metal complexes were prepared as efficient and recyclable base metal catalysts for hydrosilylation reactions under solvent‐free condition. These catalysts exhibited excellent activity, with conversion% reaching up to 85.9 %. Meanwhile, the imidazolinium‐functionalized cobalt complexes (Co‐ILF) exhibited unique selectivity for silanes containing aromatic rings. Recoverability test data revealed that the functional catalyst can be easily recovered and reused for at least four times without significant loss of activity, the fourth reaction conversion can still reach to 70 %. The raw materials of the catalysts were cheap and easily available, which makes these non‐precious metal catalysts extremely promising candidates for use in hydrosilylation reactions.
Cation Protonation Degree Influence on the Formation of Anion⋅⋅⋅Anion and Other Non‐Valent Interactions in Guaninium Perrhenates and Pertechnetate
Authors: Novikov Anton P. , German Konstantin E. , Safonov Alexey V. , Grigoriev Mikhail S.
Published: September 2022

H2Gua(ReO4)2, HGuaReO4 and HGuaTcO4 were first obtained and structurally characterized. Two types of anionic interactions were found in the structure with the twice protonated cation. One type of the rare double‐lock interaction of perrhenate anions was found in the case of the singly protonated guanine salt. Singly charged cations are linked by hydrogen bonds into layer. π‐Stacking interactions between these layers form 3‐dimensional frame. Multiple and relatively abundant anion‐π interactions are formed in H2Gua(ReO4)2 as compared to HGuaReO4 and HGuaTcO4. Different types of crystal packing are formed in the compounds under research. Hirshfeld surface analysis has given evidence that the main contribution to intermolecular interactions for the cations is made by hydrogen bonds of the O⋅⋅⋅H/H⋅⋅⋅O type in all structures, O⋅⋅⋅C/C⋅⋅⋅O and O⋅⋅⋅N/N⋅⋅⋅O interactions in H2Gua(ReO4)2, N⋅⋅⋅H/H⋅⋅⋅N and H⋅⋅⋅H interactions in HGuaReO4 and HGuaTcO4.
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrahigh‐Strength and Ductile Medium‐Carbon High‐Silicon Spring Steel
Authors: Wang Shuai , Xi Xiaohui , Zhao Yang , Chen Liqing
Published: September 2022

Herein, the microstructure and mechanical properties of medium‐carbon high‐silicon spring steel are studied, which is alloyed and/or microalloyed with Cr, Mo, Ni, Cu, Nb, and V, and subjected to various austenitizing and tempering processes. The steel has a mixed microstructure consisting of fine lath martensite, nanoscale cementite, ε‐carbide, and an amount of retained austenite (10.4 vol%). At room temperature, the steel exhibits ultrahigh tensile strength (2002 MPa) and yield strength (1775 MPa) with total elongation of 11.1%, while a good toughness is obtained characterized by Charpy impact energy as 38 J. The ultrahigh strength of this steel is attributed to the dislocation and precipitation strengthening, while the excellent total elongation is closely associated with the retained austenite. In addition, tempered martensite embrittlement is found in this steel when tempered at 450 °C. This is due to the retained austenite decomposition and cementite coarsening along the prior austenite grain and martensite laths.
Veterinary professionals’ experiences of moral injury: A qualitative study
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Murphy Dominic , Greenberg Neil
Published: September 2022

Background

Exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIE) has been found to be associated with negative mental health outcomes. Veterinary professionals (VPs) often experience challenging workplace events, but whether they experience PMIEs and the impact of exposure on their wellbeing is poorly understood. The objective of the study was to explore UK VPs experiences of PMIEs, the impact of PMIEs on VPs' wellbeing and beliefs about factors that influence VPs' exposure to PMIEs.

Methods

Ten VPs were recruited. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out, and data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

VPs were found to experience PMIEs, including transgressive acts of commission or omission (e.g., being involved in or witnessing convenience euthanasia) or betrayal by trusted colleagues (e.g., bullying). Experiences of PMIEs evoked considerable psychological distress, including guilt, shame and loss of confidence in one's abilities. Several risk factors for experiencing psychological distress following a PMIE were described.

Conclusions

This study provides some of the first evidence that VPs may be vulnerable to moral injury and illustrates the impact that PMIEs may have on VPs' wellbeing.

Limitations

Future studies are needed to design and evaluate effective pathways for the prevention of and intervention for VPs who experience moral injury.
Acute Intraprocedural Thrombosis After Flow Diverter Stent Implantation: Risk Factors and Relevance of Standard Observation Time for Early Detection and Management
Authors: Hohenstatt Sophia , Ulfert Christian , Herweh Christian , Schönenberger Silvia , Purrucker Jan C. , Bendszus Martin , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Vollherbst Dominik F.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Acute intraprocedural thrombosis (AIT) is a severe complication of flow diverter stent (FDS) implantation for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Even though device-related thromboembolic complications are well known, there are no acknowledged risk factors nor defined surveillance protocols for their early detection. This study aimed to demonstrate that an angiographic active surveillance is effective to detect and treat AIT. Furthermore, we investigated risk factors for the occurrence of AIT.

Methods

A prospective institutional protocol consisting of a defined observation period of 30 min following FDS deployment was established to detect AIT. Overall incidence, as well as the efficacy and safety of AIT treatment were assessed. Moreover, radiological and clinical outcomes of patients with AIT were analyzed. The influence of various patient- and procedure-related factors on the occurrence of AIT was investigated using multivariable forward logistic regression.

Results

During active surveillance twelve cases of AIT were observed among a total of 161 procedures (incidence: 7.5%). The median time of first observation was 15.5 min (IQR 9.5) after FDS implantation. The early recognition of AIT ensured a prompt treatment with intravenous application of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, which led to complete thrombus resolution in all cases without hemorrhagic complications. Patients with pre-existing arterial hypertension and side branches originating from the aneurysmal sac had a higher risk of AIT (respectively OR, 9.844; OR, 3.553). There were two cases of re-thrombosis in the short-term postoperative period, of whom one died. The remaining patients with AIT had a good clinical outcome.

Conclusion

Active surveillance for 30 min after FDS implantation is an effective strategy for early detection and ensuing treatment of AIT and can thus prevent secondary sequalae. Hypertension and side branches originating from the aneurysmal sac may increase the risk of AIT.
Pre-injury stimulant use in isolated severe traumatic brain injury: effect on outcomes
Authors: Jakob Dominik Andreas , Lewis Meghan , Benjamin Elizabeth Robinson , Haltmeier Tobias , Schnüriger Beat , Exadaktylos Aristomenis Konstantinos , Demetriades Demetrios
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of pre-injury stimulant use (amphetamine, cocaine, methamphetamine and/or ecstasy) on outcomes after isolated severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods

Retrospective 2017 TQIP study, including adult trauma patients (≥16 years old) who underwent drug and alcohol screening on admission and sustained an isolated severe TBI (head AIS ≥3). Patients with significant extracranial trauma (AIS ≥3) were excluded. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics, procedures and outcome variables were collected. Patients with isolated stimulant use were matched 1:1 for age, gender, mechanism of injury, head AIS and overall comorbidities, with patients with negative toxicology and alcohol screen. Outcomes in the two groups were compared with univariable and multivariable regression analysis.

Results

681 patients with isolated TBI and stimulant use were matched with 681 patients with negative toxicology and alcohol screen. The incidence of hypotension and CGS <9 was similar in the two groups.

In multivariable regression analysis, stimulant use was not independently associated with mortality (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.61–1.49). However, stimulant use was associated with longer hospital length of stay (HLOS) (RC 1.13, 95%CI 1.03–1.24).

Conclusion

Pre-injury stimulant use is common in patients admitted for severe TBI, but was not independently associated with mortality when compared to patients with negative toxicology. However, stimulant use was associated with a significant longer HLOS.
The association between body height and cancer: a retrospective analysis of 784,192 outpatients in Germany
Authors: Krieg Sarah , Roderburg Christoph , Krieg Andreas , Luedde Tom , Loosen Sven H. , Kostev Karel
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Cancer risk is determined by numerous factors. Recently, body height has been linked to different cancer sites in different populations.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 784,192 adult outpatients with available body height values from 2010 to 2020 using the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA). The outcome was the incidence of cancer diagnoses within the study period according to body height, stratified by age, sex, and cancer sites.

Results

Overall cancer incidence rose with increasing body height in both sexes. In women, there was a rise from 10.9 (≤ 160 cm) to 13.6 (> 180 cm) and from 16.6 (≤ 160 cm) to 26.8 (> 180 cm) cases per 1000 patient years in the 51–60 and > 70 years age group, respectively. Among men, cancer incidene increased from 23.9 (≤ 165 cm) to 26.3 (176–185 cm) and from 38.9 (≤ 165 cm) to 43.4 (176–185 cm) cases per 1000 patient years in 61–70 and > 70 years age group, respectively. The hazard ratio (HR) for developing cancer was 1.11 (95% CI 1.09–1.13) for every 10 cm increase in body height among women and 1.06 (95% CI 1.04–1.08) among men. A significant association between body height and cancer incidence was found for certain cancer sites, such as malignant melanoma, in both women (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11–1.33) and men (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18–1.42).

Conclusion

In this study, we present the first data from a large cohort from Germany that provide strong evidence for a positive association between body height and the overall risk of developing various cancers.
Mesoscale eddy variability in the Caribbean Sea
Authors: López-Álzate Margarita E. , Sayol Juan-Manuel , Hernández-Carrasco Ismael , Osorio Andrés F. , Mason Evan , Orfila Alejandro
Published: September 2022

The spatial distribution, and the monthly and seasonal variability of mesoscale eddy observations derived from the AVISO eddy atlas are assessed in the Caribbean Sea during 1993–2019. The average lifetime for the whole set of eddies is 62 ± 37 days, mean amplitude of 7 ± 4 cm for cyclonic and 7 ± 4 cm for anticyclonic and mean radius of 100 ± 31 km for cyclonic and 108 ± 32 km for anticyclonic. Cyclonic eddies are on average more nonlinear than anticyclonic ones. The spatio-temporal variability in the number of eddy observations is evaluated against the Mean Eddy Kinetic Energy (MEKE) derived from geostrophic currents as well as from seasonal winds. Spatial distribution of eddy observations is correlated with MEKE while the migration of the intertropical convergence zone explains the advection of eddies towards the southern part of the basin.
Dynamic Biaxial Compression of CFRP Laminates Using Electromagnetic Loading
Authors: Kang Huaipu , Liang Jintao , Li Yi , Cui Hao , Li Yulong
Published: September 2022

The dynamic biaxial compression test for carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates was carried out via synchronous electromagnetic loading in this study. During the experiments, four stress pulses transmitted along four incident bars, loading the square specimen simultaneously from four directions to keep the center of the specimen still. The dynamic mechanical behavior of CFRP was obtained employing the one-dimensional wave propagation theory, and the deformation and failure processes of the specimens were recorded by a high-speed camera. The effects of various biaxial stresses on the compressive strength were investigated in three biaxial and one uniaxial loading cases. For the CFRP laminates, the dynamic transverse compressive stress showed little effect on the longitudinal ultimate compressive strength. Numerical simulations were performed to understand the dynamic stress wave propagation. It showed that the employed loading device could guarantee good biaxial loading conditions until the ultimate failure of the specimens. This approach allows for the dynamic biaxial compression testing of various materials, which is of great significance in evaluating the dynamic impact performance of aeronautical composites.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Protects Against Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Through Antagonizing Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress
Authors: Yang Wen , Jia Chunwang , Liu Long , Fu Yu , Wu Yawei , Liu Zhicheng , Yu Ruixuan , Ma Xiaojie , Gong Ao , Liu Fangming , Xia Yanni , Hou Yong , Li Yuhua , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) demonstrates a gradually increased incidence and has developed into a major health problem worldwide. The nucleus pulposus is characterized by the hypoxic and avascular environment, in which hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has an important role through its participation in extracellular matrix synthesis, energy metabolism, cellular adaptation to stresses and genesis. In this study, the effects of HIF-1α on mouse primary nucleus pulposus cells (MNPCs) exposed to TNF-α were observed, the potential mechanism was explored and a rabbit IVDD model was established to verify the protective role of HIF-1α on IVDD. In vitro results demonstrated that HIF-1α could attenuate the inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by TNF-α in MNPCs; promote cellular anabolism; and inhibit cellular catabolism. In vivo results demonstrated that after establishment of IVDD model in rabbit, disc height and IVD extracellular matrix were decreased in a time-dependent manner, MRI analysis showed a tendency for decreased T2 values in a time-dependent manner and supplementation of HIF-1α improved histological and imaginative IVDD while downregulation of HIF-1α exacerbated this degeneration. In summary, HIF-1α protected against IVDD, possibly through reducing ROS production in the mitochondria and consequent inhibition of inflammation, metabolism disorders and apoptosis of MNPCs, which provided a potential therapeutic instrument for the treatment of IVDD diseases.
Schlaf und Wettkämpfe bei jungen AthletInnen
Authors: Schredl Michael , Erlacher Daniel , Vorster Albrecht
Published: September 2022

Hintergrund

Schlaf spielt auch für SportlerInnen eine wichtige Rolle, vor allem vor Wettkämpfen.

Ziel der Arbeit

In einer Stichprobe von NachwuchsathletInnen soll erfasst werden, ob ein gestörter Schlaf vorliegt und welche Ursachen und Auswirkungen ein gestörter Schlaf vor Wettkämpfen aus subjektiver Sicht hat.

Material und Methode

Mittels eines Online-Fragebogens wurden 46 SchülerInnen eines Sportgymnasiums (Tenero, Schweiz) befragt.

Ergebnisse

Über zwei Drittel der jugendlichen Athletinnen berichten über einen schlechteren Schlaf vor wichtigen Wettkämpfen oder Spielen. 40 % dieser AthletInnen gaben an, dass der schlechte Schlaf vor dem Wettkampf/Spiel ihre Leistung beeinträchtigt hat.

Diskussion

Da aus subjektiver Sicht schlechter Schlaf die Wettkampfleistungen beeinträchtigen kann, ist es sinnvoll, dieses Thema intensiver zu beforschen (kontrollierte Studien) und Schlafinterventionen für diese Zielgruppe zu entwickeln.