bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REDD1 functions at the crossroads between the therapeutic and adverse effects of topical glucocorticoids
Authors: Baida Gleb , Bhalla Pankaj , Kirsanov Kirill , Lesovaya Ekaterina , Yakubovskaya Marianna , Yuen Kit , Guo Shuchi , Lavker Robert M , Readhead Ben , Dudley Joel T , Budunova Irina
Published: December 2014

Cutaneous atrophy is the major adverse effect of topical glucocorticoids; however, its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identify stress‐inducible mTOR inhibitor REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage response 1) as a major molecular target of glucocorticoids, which mediates cutaneous atrophy. In REDD1 knockout (KO) mice, all skin compartments (epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat), epidermal stem, and progenitor cells were protected from atrophic effects of glucocorticoids. Moreover, REDD1 knockdown resulted in similar consequences in organotypic raft cultures of primary human keratinocytes. Expression profiling revealed that gene activation by glucocorticoids was strongly altered in REDD1 KO epidermis. In contrast, the down‐regulation of genes involved in anti‐inflammatory glucocorticoid response was strikingly similar in wild‐type and REDD1 KO mice. Integrative bioinformatics analysis of our and published gene array data revealed similar changes of gene expression in epidermis and in muscle undergoing glucocorticoid‐dependent and glucocorticoid‐independent atrophy. Importantly, the lack of REDD1 did not diminish the anti‐inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids in preclinical model. Our findings suggest that combining steroids with REDD1 inhibitors may yield a novel, safer glucocorticoid‐based therapies.
Thyroid hormone receptor regulates most genes independently of fibroblast growth factor 21 in liver
Authors: Zhang Aijun , Sieglaff Douglas H , York Jean Philippe , Suh Ji Ho , Ayers Stephen D , Winnier Glenn E , Kharitonenkov Alexei , Pin Christopher , Zhang Pumin , Webb Paul , Xia Xuefeng
Published: December 2014

Thyroid hormone (TH) acts through specific receptors (TRs), which are conditional transcription factors, to induce fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a peptide hormone that is usually induced by fasting and that influences lipid and carbohydrate metabolism via local hepatic and systemic endocrine effects. While TH and FGF21 display overlapping actions when administered, including reductions in serum lipids, according to the current models these hormones act independentlyin vivo. In this study, we examined mechanisms of regulation of FGF21 expression by TH and tested the possibility that FGF21 is required for induction of hepatic TH-responsive genes. We confirm that active TH (triiodothyronine (T3)) and the TRβ-selective thyromimetic GC1 increase FGF21 transcript and peptide levels in mouse liver and that this effect requires TRβ. T3also induces FGF21 in cultured hepatocytes and this effect involves direct actions of TRβ1, which binds a TRE within intron 2 of FGF21. Gene expression profiles of WT andFgf21-knockout mice are very similar, indicating that FGF21 is dispensable for the majority of hepatic T3gene responses. A small subset of genes displays diminished T3response in the absence of FGF21. However, most of these are not obviously directly involved in T3-dependent hepatic metabolic processes. Consistent with these results, T3-dependent effects on serum cholesterol are maintained in theFgf21−/−background and we observe no effect of theFgf21-knockout background on serum triglycerides and glucose. Our findings indicate that T3regulates the genes involved in classical hepatic metabolic responses independently of FGF21.
¿Qué entiende Feyerabend por Metafísica?
Authors: Gargiulo María Teresa
Published: December 2014

Feyerabend a lo largo de su obra varía y reforma el abordaje de la cuestión acerca de la relación entre ciencia y metafísica. Sus especialistas conocen con frecuencia cómo plantea dicha cuestión entre los 60 y finales de los 70, cuando está preocupado por resolver el problema de la inconmensurabilidad. Pero desconocen su posterior evolución. El objetivo de esta comunicación  es presentar, a través de las  confrontaciones que Feyerabend mantiene con sus interlocutores,  las distintas connotaciones y roles que adquiere la metafísica respecto a la ciencia. Creemos que de este modo intentaremos hacer justicia a un pensador que no sido aún suficientemente comprendido y valorado.DOI  http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ag.34.1.1721
Lectura categorial de Marx y dialéctica de la modernidad
Authors: Martín Facundo Nahuel
Published: December 2014

Siguiendo especialmente la lectura categorial de Moishe Postone, me propongo reconstruir los elementos de una teoría crítica de la modernidad en el pensamiento de Marx. Esta teoría prescinde de toda filosofía de la historia universal, asentándose en cambio en la comprensión históricamente situada del nexo social en el capitalismo. A la vez, el énfasis categorial en las mutaciones nexo social amplía los alcances de la teoría marxiana hacia una visión comprehensiva de la dinámica de la sociedad moderna, incluyendo las transformaciones en la subjetividad. El capital produce una mutación dual en las formas del nexo social, en virtud de la cual pluraliza y multilateraliza radicalmente los patrones de interacción humana, pero a la vez los homogeneiza bajo las constricciones sistemáticas de la reproducción del valor. El pensamiento de Marx, que excede ampliamente a una teoría de la lucha de clases, ilumina estas contradicciones en el nexo social moderno.DOI  http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ag.34.1.1918
Rui Vasques e a Crónica de Íria
Authors: Souto Cabo José António
Published: December 2014

Segundo consta no explicit da Crónica de Santa Maria de Íria, a obra foi elaborada pelo clérigo compostelano Rui Vasques entre 23 de abril de 1467 e 29 de março de 1468. O aproveitamento fraudulento de que foi objeto o conteúdo dessa Crónica por vários autores entre os séculos XVII e XVIII levou alguns estudiosos, em tempos modernos, a duvidar daquela cronologia e, portanto, da própria autoria de Rui Vasques. No entanto, uma análise atenta das reproduções pós-medievais reafirma, com notável segurança, a veracidade das circunstâncias temporais declaradas por Rui Vasques e evidencia que o manuscrito custodiado na catedral de Santiago é o original autógrafo.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.41.1300
Unha nova base de datos para a romanística a partir do "Atlas Linguistique Roman"
Authors: Valls Alecha Esteve , González González Manuel
Published: December 2014

O Centro Ramón Piñeiro para a Investigación en Humanidades (CRPIH) está a elaborar, a partir da explotación do "Atlas Linguistique Roman" (ALiR), unha gran base de datos informatizada con información diatópica, etimolóxica, etnográfica, semántica e mais bibliográfica das distintas falas queintegran o contínuum románico. Presentar as características e a utilidade desta base de datos que, malia atoparse aínda nunha fase inicial, xa conta con máis de 57.000 rexistros, é o principal obxectivo deste artigo, que se estrutura en tres apartados: en primeiro lugar, fornécese unha introdución ás principais características do ALiR; en segundo lugar, detállase a estrutura desta base de datos e do formulario que se creou para facilitar as buscas; finalmente, suxírense algunhas posibles explotacións deste novo recurso que se pon ao servizo da romanística. Algunhas destas aplicacións xa se están a desenvolver no CRPIH; outras son unha porta aberta a futuras investigacións.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.41.1335
Hacia una caracterización gramatical de las relaciones interclausales en español
Authors: Conti Jiménez Carmen
Published: December 2014

Aunque la caracterización gramatical de las cláusulas coordinadas y subordinadas es imprescindible para descartar o admitir la pertinencia de otras posibles relaciones interclausales, como la interdependencia o la interordinación, en la tradición hispánica carecemos de un trabajo de conjunto que ofrezca las pruebas necesarias que permitan, de una parte, oponer estos dos tipos de cláusulas y, de otra, tipificar aquellas cláusulas que, como las denominadas adverbiales impropias y las adversativas, han suscitado distintos análisis. El objetivo principal de este artículo es ofrecer un conjunto de propiedades morfosintácticas, estructurales y pragmático-semánticas que permitan caracterizar las cláusulas coordinadas y subordinadas del español.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.41.1700
Aproximación al significado del nombre de marca desde un enfoque cognitivo
Authors: Fernández-Urquiza Maite
Published: December 2014

Hasta el momento, el análisis lingüístico inmanente no ha conseguido explicar satisfactoriamente la naturaleza del significado vehiculado por un nombre de marca en los usos en que se comporta como predicado desde el punto de vista de su combinatoria semántica. Siguiendo a Lamb (1999), damos cuenta de este fenómeno mediante un enfoque interdisciplinar que asume tres requisitos de adecuación explicativa: 1) plausibilidad operativa, 2) plausibilidad psicológica, y 3) plausibilidad neurológica. Para satisfacerlos, partimos de un modelo lingüístico de corte cognitivo que desdibuja la dicotomía entre conocimiento léxico y conocimiento enciclopédico, y que sitúa el peso de la interpretación de este tipo de usos lingüísticos en procesos inferenciales construidos sobre conocimiento conceptual. Proporcionamos evidencias neurológicas sobre la representación de este conocimiento a escala cortical, así como evidencias psicológicas sobre la generación del concepto de marca a nivel individual. Por último, proponemos que el Principio Cognitivo de Relevancia puede dar cuenta de la interpretación de estos usos en términos de implicaturas débiles, sin necesidad de asumir por ello un formato de tipo lógico-proposicional para la representación del conocimiento conceptual.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.41.925
Higher order stochastic averaging method for mechanical systems having two degrees of freedom
Authors: Tinh Nguyen Duc
Published: December 2014

Higher order stochastic averaging method is widely used for investigating single-degree-of-freedom nonlinear systems subjected to white and coloured random noises.In this paper the method is further developed for two-degree-of-freedom systems. An application to a system with cubic damping is considered and the second approximation solution to the Fokker-Planck (FP) equation is obtained.
On a form of Lyapunov exponents (I: Establishment of the form)
Authors: Dinh Nguyen Van
Published: December 2014

Another form of Lyapunov exponents associated with certain motion that given by (1.2) is proposed. It is expressed through the variation of the disturbance direction (not through that of the disturbance norm).
Analysis of some nonlinear deterministic oscillators using extended averaged equation approach
Authors: Hai Ninh Quang
Published: December 2014

The paper presents an application of extended averaged equation approach in investigating some nonlinear oscillation problems. The main idea of the method is briefly described and numerical simulations are carried out for some nonlinear oscillators. The results in analyzing oscillation systems with strong nonlinearity show advantages of the method.
Identification of two phase flow regimes by void fraction measurements
Authors: Tri Bui Dinh
Published: December 2014

This paper will present a method to identify flow patterns (bubble & slug flow) in vertical air-water two-phase flow by void fraction measurement (using an impedance probe) at Inst. of Mechanics Hanoi.
Identification parameters of material model and large deformation analysis of inflated air-spring shell made of rubber-textile cord composite
Authors: Nam Tran Huu
Published: December 2014

In the paper an orthotropic hyperelastic constitutive model is presented which can be applied to numerical simulation for the response of biological soft tissue and of the nonlinear anisotropic hyperelastic material of the cylindrical air-spring shell used in vibroisolation of driver's seat. The parameters of strain energy function of the proposed constitutive model are fitted to the experimental results by the nonlinear least squares method. The deformation of the inflated cylindrical air-spring shell is calculated by solving the system of five first-order ordinary differential equations with the material constitutive law and proper boundary conditions. Numerical results of principal stretches and deformed profiles of the inflated cylindrical air-spring shell obtained by numerical deformation analysis are compared with experimental ones.
AS INQUIETAÇÕES DA MODERNIDADE
Authors: Silva Maria Suely Paula da
Published: December 2014

A época em que vivemos, chamada por alguns de pós-modernidade, é vista pela maioria dos autores nacionais e internacionais, como a época das incertezas, das fragmentações, das desconstruções, do vazio, do niilismo, da substituição da ética pela estética, do consumo de sensações, etc... Enfim, uma época de transição, de transformação, onde o projeto da modernidade parece ter se cumprido em excesso ou ser insuficiente para solucionar os problemas que assolam a humanidade. Há o argumento de que estamos entrando em uma nova era e, nessa transição, surgem vários termos, como sociedade de informação, sociedade de consumo, sociedade pós-industrial. O presente artigo busca

avaliar se há a exaustão do paradigma moderno e o surgimento de um novo paradigma, observando quais são os pressupostos e fundamentos filosóficos da modernidade e em que medida estes se encontram transformados, alterados no contexto de uma nova articulação da realidade, uma pós-modernidade.

Palavras-have: Sociedade, Modernidade, Pós-modernidade, Modernização reflexiva.
Successes We May Not Have Had: A Retrospective Analysis of Selected Weed Biological Control Agents in the United States
Authors: Hinz Hariet L. , Schwarzländer Mark , Gassmann André , Bourchier Robert S.
Published: December 2014

In this paper, we describe five successful classical biological weed control agents released in the United States. For each of the five arthropod species, we compared data from prerelease studies that experimentally predicted the agent's host range with data collected postrelease. In general, experimental host range data accurately predicted or overestimated risks to nontarget plants. We compare the five cases with insects recently denied for introduction in the United States and conclude that none of the discussed agents would likely be approved if they were petitioned today. Three agents would be rejected because they potentially could attack economic plants, and two because of potential attack on threatened or endangered plants. All five biocontrol agents have contributed significantly to the successful management of major weeds with no or minimal environmental risk. We believe that the United States may miss opportunities for sustainable and environmentally benign management of weeds using biological control if the regulatory framework only considers the risks of agents as potential plant pests and treats any host-range data regarding economic or threatened and endangered species as a binary decision (i.e., mandates rejection if there is any chance of feeding or development). As a way forward we propose the following: (1) the addition of risk and benefit analyses at the habitat level with a clear ranking of decision-making criteria as part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Technical Advisory Group's evaluation process of biocontrol agents; (2) recognition of the primacy of realized host range data for potential agents that considers the insect's host selection behavior instead of emphasizing fundamental host range data during release evaluations, and (3) development of formalized postrelease monitoring of target and nontarget species as part of the release permit. These recommendations may initially be advanced through reassessment of current policies but may in the longer term require the implementation of dedicated biocontrol legislation.
Evaluation of Saflufenacil in Drill-Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Montgomery Garret B. , Bond Jason A. , Golden Bobby R. , Gore Jeffrey , Edwards H. Matthew , Eubank Thomas W. , Walker Timothy W.
Published: December 2014

Palmer amaranth is the most common and troublesome broadleaf weed species of rice in Mississippi because of the effects of early-season interference and infestations on rice levees, and herbicides for residual or POST control of Palmer amaranth in rice are limited. Three studies were conducted in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate application rates and timings of saflufenacil in rice and to determine the influence of adjuvants when mixed with saflufenacil applied POST. In a PRE study, no injury occurred after saflufenacil PRE, and no control was observed from carfentrazone. Hemp sesbania and Palmer amaranth control increased with increasing saflufenacil rate when applied PRE. Hemp sesbania control with saflufenacil at any rate PRE was ≤ 25% at 35 d after treatment (DAT). Palmer amaranth and ivyleaf morningglory control with saflufenacil at 75 g ai ha−1PRE was ≥ 94% 35 DAT. In a POST study, rice injury was influenced by application timing and rate of saflufenacil; however, efficacy was not. Rice injury with saflufenacil at 25 g ha−1and carfentrazone early POST (EPOST) and late POST was similar 7 DAT. Saflufenacil at 50 and 75 g ha−1EPOST were the most injurious 7 DAT. Control of hemp sesbania and ivyleaf morningglory was similar for all rates of saflufenacil and carfentrazone; however, Palmer amaranth control with saflufenacil at any rate was greater than that of carfentrazone 14 and 28 DAT. In an adjuvant study, rice injury was influenced by adjuvant and saflufenacil rate. Saflufenacil applied alone or in mixture with crop oil concentrate (COC) was least injurious, and saflufenacil at 50 g ha−1was more injurious than saflufenacil at 25 g ha−1. Saflufenacil applied in combination with any adjuvant provided better control of hemp sesbania and Palmer amaranth than saflufenacil alone. On the basis of this research, saflufenacil should be applied PRE at 50 or 75 g ha−1, depending on weed spectrum, and POST applications should be made at 25 g ha−1in combination with COC after the two-leaf rice growth stage.
High-resolution sonars set to revolutionise bridge scour inspections
Authors: Clubley Simon , Manes Costantino , Richards David
Published: December 2014

As rainfall intensities increase so does the risk of scour damage to river crossings. Scour inspections are traditionally carried out by divers, but the water around bridge piers is often turbulent and murky such that little can be seen. This paper reports on a trial inspection of the underwater foundations of the 1889 River Hamble railway viaduct in Hampshire, UK using state-of-the-art high-resolution sonar and marine laser technologies. The trial was so successful it could transform the way such inspections are carried out in future. Three different sonar systems and a laser scanner produced a holistic assessment of the viaduct structure above and below the waterline. A three-dimensional record of all scour erosion features was digitally mapped along with the condition of the substructure. Significant scour was identified, contradictory to previous diver-based assessments. As discussed in the paper, sonar technologies can be rapidly deployed for emergency inspections as well as be immersed longer term for routine or periodic assessments.
Az általános célú felnőttképzést végző intézmények és programjaik regionális megközelítésben
Authors: Márkus Edina
Published: December 2014

Az általános célú felnőttképzés helyzete Magyarországon kutatás célja a hazai, iskolarendszeren kívüli felnőttképzés általános célú képzései helyzetének feltárása egyrészt az intézmények, másrészt a programok oldaláról. A kutatás többelemű, a hazai és nemzetközi szakirodalom elemzése mellett a meglévő adatbázisok, nyilvántartások adatait másodelemezzük, ezen túl intézményvezetőkkel és szakértőkkel interjús vizsgálatot folytatunk. A tanulmány ennek a nagyobb ívű, többelemű kutatásnak a részeredményeit mutatja be. Elsősorban a nyilvántartásokból készített saját adatbázis adatainak elemzésére koncentrál. A kínálatot vizsgáljuk, azt, hogy milyen a potenciális intézményi és programkínálat a felnőttek számára, milyen eltérések vannak a különböző társadalmi-gazdasági hátterű régiók tekintetében.
Az óvodáskorú gyerekek közeli kapcsolatai
Authors: Zsubrits Attila
Published: December 2014

A tanulmányban az óvodások közeli kapcsolatrendszerének az elemzésére kerül sor. A korai kötődéselmélet tárgyalása mellett az óvodáskori kapcsolatokban azonosítható lényeges jellemzőket érintjük. Ezt követően egy kapcsolódó empirikus vizsgálatnak az eredményét ismerhetjük meg. A feltárt adatok alapján pontosabb képet kaphatunk a 4 és 7 éves korú kisgyerekek érzelmi kapcsolati szerveződésének fontosabb ismérveiről, valamint a felnőttekhez és a gyerektársakhoz fűződő ragaszkodásuk összetevőiről. Az írásban felsorolt adatok, elemzések, a rajzvizsgálattal megismert kutatási eredmények, illetve a megfogalmazott következtetések az óvodai érzelmi nevelés területéhez nyújtanak továbbgondolásra érdemes megállapításokat, valamint további empirikus vizsgálatok elvégzéséhez kiindulási támpontokat.
Blaskó Ágnes – Hamp Gábor: Írás 1.0 – Az ötlettől a jól strukturált szövegig.
Authors: Kárpáti László
Published: December 2014

Napjainkban az írás szerepe átalakulóban van. Az online felületeken és csevegőszobákban informális, rövidített formájú szövegek garmadájával találkozó és azokkal operáló főiskolai, egyetemi hallgatót komoly meglepetés érheti a felsőoktatásban, amikor élete első esszéjét meg kell írnia. Egy-egy ilyen írásmű elkészítése sokszor komoly fejtörést okozhat alkotójának. Ennek oka sokszor nem is annyira a szerény szókincsben vagy az általános, illetve szakmai műveltség hiányában keresendő, hanem sokkal inkább a gyakorlat hiányában, amit egy komolyabb fogalmazás elkészítése megkíván. Nem csak a hallgatókat, sokszor a munkavállalókat is meglepetésként érhetik egyes „rutinfeladatnak” titulált kihívások, mint amilyen egy éves jelentés megírása. Ilyenkor az ember a legkézenfekvőbb megoldáshoz nyúl, hogy orvosolni próbálja helyzetét: elkezd keresni az interneten. Noha ez a lehetséges megoldás önmagában se nem jó, se nem rossz, a fellelhető információk közötti keresgélés eléggé időigényes procedúra, mindamellett, hogy sokszor nem a számunkra legmegfelelőbb forrásra támaszkodhatunk. Hogy hosszú távon is sikeresen és hatékonyan vessük gondolatainkat papírra bármely téma kapcsán, érdemes elolvasnunk ezt a könyvet.
Kurucz Rózsa (szerk.): Hidak és párhuzamok a 175 éves közép-európai és magyarországi óvóképzés történetében. (Tanulmánykötet)
Authors: Révész József
Published: December 2014

„A kisgyermekek fejlődése, nevelése egy nemzet gyarapodásának, a gazdaság fejlődésének kritikus kérdése, mivel csak boldog, kiegyensúlyozott és jó képességű gyermekek válhatnak egy prosperáló, hosszú távon fenntartható társadalomnak” (Varga 2013, 158). A gyermekneurológiai kutatások már egyértelműen rámutattak, hogy az első évek meghatározóak a gyermekek fejlődése szempontjából. Az óvodai nevelés három fontos alappillére az óvodai–iskolai átmenet, az integráció, valamint az érzelmi, erkölcsi nevelés. Az integráció kérdésköre az óvodai nevelésben az inklúzión alapuló szemléletet, azt a befogadó pedagógiát jelenti, amely szerint másnak lenni természetes, minden gyermek más. Ezt pedig az adaptív, differenciált bánásmóddal lehet a gyakorlat síkjára vinni. A kötet olyan tanulmányok gyűjteménye, melyek a pedagógusképzés, a pedagógus személyiség, a gyermek sajátosságai és a hagyományok ápolásának fontosságát, pedagógiai szerepét járja körbe, így kiváló útmutató az óvodai nevelés elméleti és gyakorlati szakemberi számára egyaránt. „A kisgyermekkori szükségletek megfogalmazása kardinális kérdés azért, hogy a hangsúly mindig a gyerekek boldogságára, biztonságára, fejlődésére, egyéni eredményességére és tevékenységére helyeződjön, az intézményekben csökkenjen a szelekció és a szegregáció, mérséklődjenek a kisgyermekek közötti egyenlőtlenségek, ugyanakkor növekedjen az intézményt használók és szereplők elégedettségi szintje” (Varga 2013, 161). Mivel a kutatások egyre inkább előtérbe helyezik a korai fejlesztést, felismerve, hogy az óvodáskor a gyermekek legszenzitívebb és legkritikusabb időszaka, felértékelődik az óvodapedagógia, valamint az óvodapedagógus képzés szerepe és fontossága. A gyermekek nem egyforma eséllyel indulnak az életben, de az óvodai nevelés mind a múltban, mind a jelenben igyekszik a gyermekeknek legmegfelelőbb nevelést, harmonikus óvodai környezetet biztosítani, megadva mindenkinek az esélyt, hogy a társadalomba sikeresen beilleszkedve sikeres és boldog életet élhessenek. A jelenben nem lehetünk sikeresek a múlt ismerete nélkül.
A kilencedik roma szakkollégium – Kaposvár
Authors: Kopházi-Molnár Erzsébet
Published: December 2014

Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy áttekintse a cigány szakkollégium jelenkori történelmének történeti gyökereit, bemutassa a ma Magyarországon működő cigány szakkollégiumok közül a Kaposvári Egyetemen működő Roma Szakkollégiumot, áttekintse annak Szabályzatát, továbbá ismertesse annak a kérdőívnek a kiértékelését, mely a szakkollégiumi tagság körében került kitöltésre. Ez a kérdőív – mivel a többi szakkollégium kérdőíves felmérése során erre a szakkollégiumra nem került sor – az országos kutatáshoz hasonló, de vele nem teljes egészében azonos kérdések alapján igyekezett feltérképezni a tagság hallgatói összetételét, attitűdjeit. A legfontosabb mutatók ezt követően összevetésre kerültek az ország többi szakkollégiumában készült kérdőívek eredményeivel.
Mental Illness, Mass Shootings, and the Politics of American Firearms
Authors: Metzl Jonathan M. , MacLeish Kenneth T.
Published: December 2014

Four assumptions frequently arise in the aftermath of mass shootings in the United States: (1) that mental illness causes gun violence, (2) that psychiatric diagnosis can predict gun crime, (3) that shootings represent the deranged acts of mentally ill loners, and (4) that gun control “won’t prevent” another Newtown (Connecticut school mass shooting). Each of these statements is certainly true in particular instances. Yet, as we show, notions of mental illness that emerge in relation to mass shootings frequently reflect larger cultural stereotypes and anxieties about matters such as race/ethnicity, social class, and politics. These issues become obscured when mass shootings come to stand in for all gun crime, and when “mentally ill” ceases to be a medical designation and becomes a sign of violent threat.
Workforce development for comparative effectiveness research: training programs funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Authors: Geonnotti Kristin L , Rich Eugene C , Esposito Dominick
Published: December 2014

Aim
: We conducted a midstream assessment of the comparative effectiveness research (CER) training programs funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) by examining program characteristics, planned curriculum development activities and core competencies.
Materials & methods
: We examined all 43 training projects funded by the US$46 million ARRA CER investment, collecting data from key informant discussions and a technical expert panel.
Results
: The majority of projects leveraged institutional resources to provide an individualized combination of didactic and experiential learning supported by strong mentorship. Core competencies included skills in statistical modeling, evidence synthesis (systematic reviews and meta-analysis) and general research design skills.
Conclusion
: ARRA-supported CER training programs enhanced workforce capacity by developing curricula and preparing CER researchers to apply emerging methods and utilize new CER infrastructure.
Building electronic data infrastructure for comparative effectiveness research: accomplishments, lessons learned and future steps
Authors: Randhawa Gurvaneet S
Published: December 2014

There are large gaps in our knowledge on the potential impact of diagnostics and therapeutics on outcomes of patients treated in the real world. Comparative effectiveness research aims to fill these gaps to maximize effectiveness of these interventions. Health information technology has the potential to dramatically improve the practice of medicine and of research. This is an overview of about US$100 million of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act investment in 12 projects managed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to build an electronic clinical data infrastructure that connects research with healthcare delivery. The achievements and lessons learned from these projects provided a foundation for the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet)and will help to guide future infrastructure development needed to build an efficient, scalable and sustainable learning health system.
Isoperimetric and Stable Sets for Log-ConcavePerturbations of Gaussian Measures
Authors: Rosales César
Published: December 2014

Let be an open half-space or slab in ℝn+1endowed with a perturbation of the Gaussian measureof the form f (p) := exp(ω(p) − c|p|2), where c > 0 and ω is a smooth concave function depending only onthe signed distance from the linear hyperplane parallel to ∂ Ω. In this work we follow a variational approach to show that half-spaces perpendicular to ∂ Ω uniquely minimize the weighted perimeter in Ω among sets enclosing the same weighted volume. The main ingredient of the proof is the characterization of half-spacesparallel or perpendicular to ∂ Ω as the unique stable sets with small singular set and null weighted capacity.Our methods also apply for = ℝn+1, which produces in particular the classification of stable sets in Gaussspace and a new proof of the Gaussian isoperimetric inequality. Finally, we use optimal transport to studythe weighted minimizers when the perturbation term ω is concave and possibly non-smooth.
Effect of Breed and Production System on Physicochemical Characteristics of Meat From Multi-Purpose Hens
Authors: Puchała Michał , Krawczyk Józefa , Sokołowicz Zofia , Utnik-Banaś Katarzyna
Published: December 2014

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of breed (A) and free-range production system (B) on quality of meat from hens of two breeds, Greenleg Partridge (Z-11) and Rhode Island Red (R-11), which are under the biodiversity conservation programme in Poland. Subjects were 120 hens of each breed, which were assigned to two treatment groups differing in the housing system: 60 layers were kept on litter without outdoor access (C) and 60 layers were raised on litter with access to free range (FR). At 56 weeks of age, 8 hens were randomly chosen from each group, slaughtered, and subjected to slaughter analysis. It was found from the study that carcasses from 56-week-old multi-purpose hens are characterized by poor muscle development and considerable fat content. After the first year of egg production, the meat of hens was characterized by low tenderness, high water holding capacity, and a fatty acid profile that was desirable from the viewpoint of human nutrition. In the meat of hens that completed their first year of egg production, the profile of fatty acids was beneficial from the standpoint of human nutrition. The free-range production system reduced carcass fatness, enhanced carcass and meat yellowness, and increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (both n-6 and n-3) in breast and leg muscles while causing no significant changes in the content of saturated fatty acids. The meat of the native Z-11 breed was found to contain less saturated and more unsaturated fatty acids compared to the meat of R-11 hens. There was no statistically significant effect of the production system on the sensory evaluation of cooked meat and broth.
Effect of Various Levels of Dietary Protein in Transition Period on Colostrum Quality and Serum Immunoglobulin Concentration in Holstein Cows and their Newborn Calves
Authors: Toghyani Elahe , Moharrery Ali
Published: December 2014

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of 2 levels of crude protein (CP) content in the diet during transition period on lactation performance, colostrum quality and serum immunoglobulin concentration of dairy cows and their newborn calves. Thirty dry Holstein cows (607±75 kg) were blocked according to their parity and expected calving date, and then randomly assigned to one of 2 treatments of 15 cows in completely randomized block design. Dietary treatments were: 1) moderate CP level in transition diet (prepartum: 11.9%; postpartum: 14%); and 2) higher CP level in transition diet (prepartum: 14.2%; postpartum: 16.8%). Furthermore, milk samples were collected on two days (15 and 30) postpartum for milk composition analysis. At the same time, milk yield also was recorded. After parturition calves were fed mother’s colostrum. Colostrum samples were collected during the first milking postpartum. Blood samples of cows were taken on days 21 and 2 before projected calving date and on days 15 and 30 after parturition. Blood samples of calves were collected at 72 h postcalving and then on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after birth. Applied treatment had no effect on average milk production on days 15 and 30 postpartum. Colostrum density was lower in cows fed higher CP level in transition diet than in those fed the diet with moderate CP content (P<0.05). However, the chemical composition of colostrum was not affected by CP level. Serum IgG concentration was higher for calves from higher CP group than for those from moderate CP level group at 21 days of age (P<0.05). In conclusion, the increased protein level during periparturient period tended to improve immune status of calves.
Responses of the Fertility, Semen Quality, Blood Constituents, Immunity and Antioxidant Status of Rabbit Bucks to Type and Magnetizing of Water
Authors: Attia Y.A. , El-Hamid A.E. Abd , El-Hanoun A.M. , Al-Harthi M.A. , Abdel-Rahman G.M. , Abdella M.M.
Published: December 2014

This work aimed to test the responses of the fertility, semen quality, blood constituents, immunity and antioxidant status of rabbit bucks to water type (e.g., tap water and well water) and magnetizing of water exposed or unexposed to a magnetic field of ≈4000 gauss. The experimental design was factorial 2 (type of water, e.g. tap vs. well water) × 2 (magnetic treatments, e.g. unexposed vs. exposed to magnetic field) using forty mature V-line rabbit bucks randomly distributed to four groups of 10 animals each. The rabbit bucks were provided free access to the water and same diet. Well water had lower quality than tap water, i.e. higher pH, conductivity, salinity, calcium, magnesium, and total hardness. Water magnetizing had less effect on tap water than on well water (e.g. on pH, conductivity, salinity, calcium, magnesium, total hardness and dissolved oxygen). Bucks that consumed tap water showed better semen quality, metabolic profiles and immunity than those that drank well water. Magnetized water significantly increased body weight, feed intake, reaction time, fertility, sperm concentration, mass motility and total live sperm of bucks consuming well water and tap water. The improvements in fertility and semen quality concurred with significant increases in testosterone hormone, immunoglobulin A, antioxidant enzymes, and with decreases in lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. In conclusion, well water induced a significant decrease in semen quality and hence fertility of males. Whereas magnetic treatment improved water quality, semen quality, blood picture and antioxidant status and hence buck fertility.
The Quality of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Cultured in Various Polish Regions
Authors: Tkaczewska Joanna , Kulawik Piotr , Migdał Władysław
Published: December 2014

There is a lack of regulations regarding labeling of the place of cultivation of freshwater fish, even though some research indicates that environmental factors can influence the quality of rainbow trout meat. The purpose of this study was to assess the necessity of such regulations and to determine the meat quality of rainbow trout cultivated in different regions of Poland. The analysis of color measurement, fatty acid profile, sensory evaluation and microbiological analysis of trout muscle were performed to assess the influence of cultivation region on the quality of trout meat. The place of cultivation did not influence the redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) of fillet, but had impact on lightness (L*). The microbiological analysis showed no pathogenic microorganisms on the fish surface. The fatty acids composition differed highly significantly (P<0.01) depending on the place of cultivation. Since there are significant differences in quality and nutritional value between studied samples, the necessity of labeling the place of cultivation of rainbow trout for the final consumer should be implemented.
Effect of Piglet Birth Weight on Carcass Muscle and Fat Content and Pork Quality – A Review
Authors: Rekiel Anna , Więcek Justyna , Batorska Martyna , Kulisiewicz Józef
Published: December 2014

Piglet birth weight is determined by the maternal environment, intrauterine crowding, and nutrition, which influence embryonic and fetal survival and, as a result, fertility. The internal environment regulates prenatal myogenesis and muscle fibre number nutritionally and hormonally. The growth and metabolic differentiation of muscle fibres take place during the postnatal period. The effect of intrauterine undernutrition on myogenesis and on fetal growth and development (IUGR) is reflected in the low piglet birth weight and its high within-litter variation. Slaughter traits are determined by many factors, including genetic (breed), environmental (nutrition) and preslaughter handling. Slaughter traits and the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of meat are dependent on prenatal myogenesis and neonatal weight. Optimized body weight of newborn piglets is conducive to improving quantitative traits (meatiness, fatness) and qualitative traits. However, slaughter traits are also influenced by many other differentiating factors, which is reflected in research results. Muscle fibres become metabolically differentiated during postnatal development, and one of the factors of large variation in pig meat quality traits is variation in the proportions of different fibre types in mature muscle. Considering the divergent opinions among scientists about the effect of prenatal myogenesis and piglet birth weight on slaughter value and pork quality, as well as the existence of areas that have received little investigation, it is justified to continue research in this area.
Effects of Dietary Fiber and Benzoic Acid on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Reduction of Harmful Gases, and Lipid Profiles in Growing Pigs
Authors: Devi Subramaniam Mohana , Cheong Jin Young , Kim In Ho
Published: December 2014

We assessed the possibly synergistic effects of dietary fiber (DF) and benzoic acid (BA) in growingfinishing pigs. In total, 96 growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with an average initial body weight (BW) of 22.82 (±0.24) kg were selected and provided the dietary supplements based on their BW in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment, with the respective factors being fiber (low vs. high; 140 g/kg, 160 g/kg NSP, respectively) and BA (0, 5 g/kg benzoic acid) in six replicate pens consisting of four pigs per pen. Sugar beet pulp was used as a DF source, at 50 g/kg of the diet. All diets were formulated to contain 14.44 ME MJ/kg and 190 g/kg CP. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and reduction of harmful gases and serum metabolites. There was no significant difference in feed intake and weight gains during treatments. Fiber levels and benzoic acid addition did not affect the dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy digestibility. Also, no interaction was found between fiber level and benzoic acid treatment. There was no difference in NH3, but RSH and H2S gases emissions show significant reduction with fiber and benzoic acid treatment. Serum metabolites, including lipoprotein and cholesterol, were also apparently unaffected by these treatments. Thus, the addition of 50 g sugar beet pulp per kg of growing feed as a DF source and the addition of BA had no significant impact on the growth performance of pigs during the growth period.
On the Ψ – Conditional Stability of Nonlinear Lyapunov Matrix Differential Equations
Authors: Diamandescu Aurel
Published: December 2014

It is proved (necessary and) suficient conditions for Ψ conditional stability of the trivial solution of linear or nonlinear Lyapunov matrix differential equations
Analysis of a Unilateral Contact Problem with Normal Compliance
Authors: Touzaline Arezki , Guettaf Rachid
Published: December 2014

The paper deals with the study of a quasistatic unilateral contact problem between a nonlinear elastic body and a foundation. The contact is modelled with a normal compliance condition associated to unilateral constraint and the Coulomb's friction law. The adhesion between contact surfaces is taken into account and is modelled with a surface variable, the bonding field, whose evolution is described by a first-order differential equation. We establish a variational formulation of the mechanical problem and prove an existence and uniqueness result in the case where the coefficient of friction is bounded by a certain constant. The technique of the proof is based on arguments of time-dependent variational inequalities, differential equations and fixed-point theorem.
Using thermal imaging to assess the effect of classical massage on selected physiological parameters of upper limbs
Authors: Boguszewski Dariusz , Adamczyk Jakub Grzegorz , Urbańska Nina , Mrozek Natalia , Piejko Karolina , Janicka Małgorzata , Białoszewski Dariusz
Published: December 2014

Study aim: the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between classical sport massage of the hand and the forearm and the surface temperature of upper limb muscles, and between hand grip strength and the range of motion in the radiocarpal joint.

Material and methods: study participants comprised 35 women not engaging in competitive sport, aged 19–23 years. Thermal images were taken with a Flir A325 camera. Hand grip strength was measured using an analogue dynamometer. The range of motion in the radiocarpal joint was measured using a goniometer. All tests and measurements were performed twice: directly before and after the massage of the hand and the forearm (of the right limb). Classical massage was applied on the dorsal and palmar surfaces of the hand and on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the forearm.

Results: after the massage, the temperature of the right limb increased significantly, as did the temperature of the posterior surface of the left limb. However, no change in temperature was observed on the anterior surfaces of the left forearm and the left arm. A significant increase in the range of motion in the right radiocarpal joint (in all planes) was observed. No significant differences in hand grip strength measured with a dynamometer were found before and after the massage.

Conclusions: while classical sport massage increases muscle temperature, it does not improve effort capacity, and therefore it is not a sufficient means of preparing an athlete for physical effort. The massage increased the range of motion in the massaged limb, which mostly indicates the relaxing effect of the treatment.
Aspects of Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Analysis in Different Populations for Understanding Human Evolution
Authors: D.V. Nesheva
Published: December 2014

The evolution of modern humans is a long and difficult process which started from their first appearance and continues to the present day. The study of the genetic origin of populations can help to determine population kinship and to better understand the gradual changes of the gene pool in space and time. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a proper tool for the determination of the origin of populations due to its high evolutionary importance. Ancient mitochondrial DNA retrieved from museum specimens, archaeological finds and fossil remains can provide direct evidence for population origins and migration processes. Despite the problems with contaminations and authenticity of ancient mitochondrial DNA, there is a developed set of criteria and platforms for obtaining authentic ancient DNA. During the last two decades, the application of different methods and techniques for analysis of ancient mitochondrial DNA gave promising results. Still, the literature is relatively poor with information for the origin of human populations. Using comprehensive phylogeographic and population analyses we can observe the development and formation of the contemporary populations. The aim of this study was to shed light on human migratory processes and the formation of populations based on available ancient mtDNA data.
Does the A9285g Polymorphism in Collagen Type XII α1 Gene Associate with the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures?
Authors: K. Ficek , M. Stepien-Slodkowska , M. Kaczmarczyk , A. Maciejewska-Karlowska , M. Sawczuk , J. Cholewinski , A. Leonska-Duniec , A. Zarebska , P. Cieszczyk , P. Zmijewski
Published: December 2014

One of the most severe injuries sustained by athletes is rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Recent investigations suggest that a predisposition for ACL rupture may be the result of specific genetic sequence variants. In light of this, we decided to investigate whether the COL12A1 A9285G polymorphism was associated with ACL ruptures in Polish football players.

We compared genotypic and allelic frequencies of the COL12A1 A9285G polymorphism in two groups of athletes: 91 male football players (23 ± 3 years) with surgically diagnosed primary ACL ruptures who qualified for ligament reconstruction (cases) and 143 apparently healthy, male football players of the same ethnicity, a similar age category, and a comparable level of exposure to ACL injury, who were without any self-reported history of ligament or tendon injury (controls). DNA samples extracted from the oral epithelial cells were genotyped by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (Ri-Ti- PCR) method.

The genotype distribution in the cases were not different from those in controls (p = 0.70). The frequency of the G allele was lower in the cases (18.1%) but not statistically significant (p = 0.40) when compared with controls (21.3%).

Our results are in contradiction to the hypothesis that the COL12A1 A9285G polymorphism is associated with a predisposition for ACL injury. However, these conclusions should be supported with more experimental studies on COL12A1 polymorphisms.
Translocation t(3;12)(q26;q21) In Jak2V617F Point Mutation Negative Chronic Idiopathic Myelofibrosis: A Case Report
Authors: S. Mešanović , H. Šahović , M. Perić
Published: December 2014

The myeloproliferative diseases (MPDs) or myelo-proliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of diseases of the bone marrow in which excess cells are produced. Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (CIMF) is a stem cell defect characterized by splenomegaly with multiorgan extramedullary hematopoiesis, immature peripheral blood granulocytes and erythrocytes and progressive bone marrow fibrosis. The most common chromosomal abnormalities seen in CIMF patients include numerical changes of chromosomes 7, 8 and 9, and structural changes of 1q, 5q, 13q and 20q. At least 75.0% of patients with bone marrow abnormalities have one or more of these chromosomal anomalies. Detection of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation may be a potential major breakthrough for understanding the pathobiology of MPNs, and is an essential part of the diagnostic algorithm. In this study, we describe a JAK2V617F mutation negative CIMF patient who has the chromosomal translocation t(3;12)(q26;q21) in her karyotype.