bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Warm Rain Rates from AMSR-E 89-GHz Brightness Temperatures Trained Using CloudSat Rain-Rate Observations
Authors: Eastman Ryan , Lebsock Matthew , Wood Robert
Published: April 2019

Collocated CloudSat rain rates and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) 89-GHz brightness temperature Tb retrievals allow for the development of an algorithm to estimate light, warm rain statistics as a function of AMSR-E 89-GHz Tb for shallow marine clouds. Four statistics are calculated from CloudSat rainfall rate estimates within each 4 km × 6 km Tb pixel sampled by both sensors: the probability of rainfall, the mean rain rate, the mean rate when raining, and the maximum rain rate. Observations with overlying cold clouds are removed from the analysis. To account for confounding variables that modify Tb, curves are fit to the mean relationships between Tb and these four statistics within bins of constant column-integrated water vapor from AMSR-E, and sea surface temperature and wind speed from reanalysis grids. The coefficients that define these curves are then applied to all available AMSR-E Tb retrievals to estimate rain rate throughout the eastern subtropical oceans. A preliminary analysis shows strong agreement between AMSR-E rain rates and the CloudSat training dataset. Comparison with an existing microwave precipitation product shows that the new statistical product has an improved sensitivity to light rain. A climatology for the year 2007 shows that precipitation rates tend to be heavier where the sea surface is warmer and that rain is most frequent where stratocumulus transitions to trade cumulus in the subtropics.
Respectful leadership and followers’ knowledge sharing: A social mindfulness lens
Authors: Gerpott Fabiola H , Fasbender Ulrike , Burmeister Anne
Published: April 2019

Knowledge sharing is a discretionary act of employees who might see benefits in keeping their knowledge to themselves. We focus on the other-oriented nature of knowledge sharing to outline how respectful leadership as an other-oriented leadership style can enhance followers’ knowledge sharing through its effect on followers’ other-orientedness. Specifically, we propose that respectful leaders increase followers’ social mindfulness—defined as the cognitive (i.e. perspective taking) and affective (i.e. empathic concern) willingness to behave in a way that increases others’ opportunities—which facilitates knowledge sharing. To test our conceptual model, we conducted a three-wave field study with 275 followers, and a multi-source field study with 83 leader-follower dyads. In line with our hypotheses, followers’ perspective taking (Study 1 and 2) and empathic concern (Study 1) mediated the positive effect of respectful leadership on followers’ knowledge sharing. Moreover, perspective taking and empathic concern possessed interactive effects in Study 1, suggesting that the relationship between respectful leadership and followers’ knowledge sharing was strongest when both components of social mindfulness were high. We discuss theoretical implications of the identified motivational pathway and elaborate on implications for practitioners who aim to facilitate knowledge sharing at work.
Scenario-based wind speed estimation using a new hybrid metaheuristic model: Particle swarm optimization and radial movement optimization
Authors: Kerem Alper , Saygin Ali
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a new hybrid metaheuristic model in order to estimate wind speeds accurately. The study was started by the training process of artificial neural networks with some metaheuristic algorithms such as evolutionary strategy, genetic algorithm, ant colony optimization, probability-based incremental learning, particle swarm optimization, and radial movement optimization in the literature. The success of each model is recorded in graphs. In order to make the closest estimation and to increase the system stability, a new hybrid metaheuristic model was developed using particle swarm optimization and radial movement optimization, and the training process of artificial neural networks was performed with this new model. The data were obtained by real-time measurements from a 63-m-high wind measurement station built at the coordinates of UTM E 263254 and N 4173479, altitude 1313 m. Two different scenarios were created using actual data and applied to all models. It was observed that the error values in the designed new hybrid metaheuristic model were lower than those of the other models.
Does pre-existing cognitive impairment impact on amount of stroke rehabilitation received? An observational cohort study
Authors: Longley Verity , Peters Sarah , Swarbrick Caroline , Rhodes Sarah , Bowen Audrey
Published: April 2019

Objective:

To examine whether stroke survivors in inpatient rehabilitation with pre-existing cognitive impairment receive less therapy than those without.

Design:

Prospective observational cohort.

Setting:

Four UK inpatient stroke rehabilitation units.

Participants:

A total of 139 stroke patients receiving rehabilitation, able to give informed consent/had an individual available to act as personal consultee. In total, 33 participants were categorized with pre-existing cognitive impairment based on routine documentation by clinicians and 106 without.

Measures:

Number of inpatient therapy sessions received during the first eight weeks post-stroke, referral to early supported discharge, and length of stay.

Results:

On average, participants with pre-existing cognitive impairment received 40 total physiotherapy and occupational therapy sessions compared to 56 for those without (mean difference = 16.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.9, 29.2), which was not fully explained by adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS)). While those with pre-existing cognitive impairment received nine fewer single-discipline physiotherapy sessions (95% CI = 3.7, 14.8), they received similar amounts of single-discipline occupational therapy, psychology, and speech and language therapy; two more non-patient-facing occupational therapy sessions (95% CI = –4.3, –0.6); and nine fewer patient-facing occupational therapy sessions (95% CI = 3.5, 14.9). There was no evidence to suggest they were discharged earlier, but of the 85 participants discharged within eight weeks, 8 (42%) with pre-existing cognitive impairment were referred to early supported discharge compared to 47 (75%) without.

Conclusion:

People in stroke rehabilitation with pre-existing cognitive impairments receive less therapy than those without, but it remains unknown whether this affects outcomes.
Combination of radiofrequency ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization to treat hepatocellular carcinoma: measurement of distance from needle tip to nodule for assessment of local tumor progression
Authors: Haochen Wang , Jian Wang , Li Song , Tianshi Lv , Xiaoqiang Tong , Yinghua Zou
Published: April 2019

Objective

This study was performed to determine the relationship between the minimum distance from the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) needle tip to the tumor and local tumor progression (LTP) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules and identify prognostic factors for LTP.

Methods

We reviewed 197 patients (197 nodules) who underwent RFA after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for HCC from January 2010 to January 2015. Three-dimensional registration of images was used to calculate the minimum distance from the tip to the tumor. We then divided the minimum distance into two groups: <2 and ≥2 mm. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was performed after treatment. The LTP rate was calculated 1 and 3 years after RFA. We performed multivariate analysis to identify independent prognostic factors for LTP.

Results

The cumulative 1-year LTP rates in the <2- and ≥2-mm groups were 82.7% and 4.3%, respectively, and the cumulative 3-year LTP rates in the two groups were 94.8% and 10.8%, respectively. The minimum distance from the needle tip to the tumor was an independent prognostic factor for LTP.

Conclusions

A minimum distance of 2 mm from the needle tip to the tumor should be completely ablated along with the tumor.
Characterizing Lane Changes via Digitized Infrastructure and Low-Cost GPS
Authors: Ahmed Ishtiak , Karr Alan , Rouphail Nagui M. , Chun Gyounghoon , Tanvir Shams
Published: April 2019

With the expected increase in the availability of trajectory-level information from connected and autonomous vehicles, issues of lane changing behavior that were difficult to assess with traditional freeway detection systems can now begin to be addressed. This study presents the development and application of a lane change detection algorithm that uses trajectory data from a low-cost GPS-equipped fleet, supplemented with digitized lane markings. The proposed algorithm minimizes the effect of GPS errors by constraining the temporal duration and lateral displacement of a lane change detected using preliminary lane positioning. The algorithm was applied to 637 naturalistic trajectories traversing a long weaving segment and validated through a series of controlled lane change experiments. Analysis of naturalistic trajectory data revealed that ramp-to-freeway trips had the highest number of discretionary lane changes in excess of 1 lane change/vehicle. Overall, excessive lane change rates were highest between the two middle freeway lanes at 0.86 lane changes/vehicle. These results indicate that extreme lane changing behavior may significantly contribute to the peak-hour congestion at the site. The average lateral speed during lane change was 2.7 fps, consistent with the literature, with several freeway–freeway and ramp–ramp trajectories showing speeds up to 7.7 fps. All ramp-to-freeway vehicles executed their first mandatory lane change within 62.5% of the total weaving length, although other weaving lane changes were spread over the entire segment. These findings can be useful for implementing strategies to lessen abrupt and excessive lane changes through better lane pre-positioning.
Organizational and Geographic Nursing Home Characteristics Associated With Increasing Prevalence of Resident Obesity in the United States
Authors: Harris John Alexander , Engberg John , Castle Nicholas George
Published: April 2019

Nursing home resident obesity increases the complexity of nursing care, and nursing homes report avoiding residents with obesity when choosing which prospective residents to accept. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between nursing home obesity prevalence rate and nursing home organizational, staffing, resident, and geographic factors within a profit maximization framework. The study cohort included U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data from U.S. nursing homes in 2013. Study findings supported hypothesized associations between obesity prevalence rate and higher occupancy, higher bed capacity, and multi-facility affiliation, but findings did not support a relationship between obesity prevalence rate and for-profit status.
Assessing bias, precision, and agreement in method comparison studies
Authors: Taffé Patrick
Published: April 2019

Recently, a new estimation procedure has been developed to assess bias and precision of a new measurement method, relative to a reference standard. However, the author did not develop confidence bands around the bias and standard deviation curves. Therefore, the goal in this paper is to extend this methodology in several important directions. First, by developing simultaneous confidence bands for the various parameters estimated to allow formal comparisons between different measurement methods. Second, by proposing a new index of agreement. Third, by providing a series of new graphs to help the investigator to assess bias, precision, and agreement between the two measurement methods. The methodology requires repeated measurements on each individual for at least one of the two measurement methods. It works very well to estimate the differential and proportional biases, even with as few as two to three measurements by one of the two methods and only one by the other. The repeated measurements need not come from the reference standard but from either measurement methods. This is a great advantage as it may sometimes be more feasible to gather repeated measurements with the new measurement method.
Correlation Between Joint-Position Sense, Peroneal Strength, Postural Control, and Functional Performance Ability in Patients With Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Cho Byung-Ki , Park Ji-Kang
Published: April 2019

Background:

The first aim of this study was to evaluate the side-to-side difference of joint-position sense, peroneal strength, postural control, and functional performance ability in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability. The second aim was to identify the correlation between various components contributing to the functional ankle instability (FAI).

Methods:

Thirty-five patients to be scheduled for the modified Broström procedure for chronic ankle instability were analyzed. Joint-position sense and peroneal strength were measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. Postural control ability was evaluated using the modified Romberg test. The functional performance test consisted of the 1-leg hop test, 6-meter hop test, and cross 3-m hop test. Spearman’s correlation coefficient ( r) was calculated to determine the linear association between the individual components of the FAI.

Results:

Except for the 6-m and cross 3-m hop tests, most examination tools for the FAI demonstrated significant side-to-side differences compared with the unaffected ankle. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that individual components (joint-position sense, peroneal strength, postural control, and functional performance ability) of the FAI were significantly associated with one another, except between peroneal strength and postural control ability ( r = 0.21, P = .195).

Conclusion:

Joint-position sense, peroneal strength, postural control ability, and 1-leg hop test demonstrated significant side-to-side differences in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability. Individual components contributing to the FAI were significantly correlated with one another, except between peroneal strength and postural control ability. Postural control evaluation using the modified Romberg test could substitute for dynamometer testing, with convenience and economic advantage.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, prospective case series.
Burkitt lymphoma masquerading as Tolosa–Hunt syndrome in an HIV-seropositive patient
Authors: Baig Iyza , Webb Ashley , Crowell Eric L , Supsupin Emilio P , Adesina Ore-ofe O
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

To describe a rare case of Burkitt lymphoma metastatic to the cavernous sinus that was initially diagnosed as Tolosa–Hunt syndrome.

Case description:

A 31-year-old confirmed and treatment-compliant HIV-positive Hispanic male acutely developed diplopia, ptosis, numbness in the V1 distribution, and complete external ophthalmoplegia in the right eye over 1 week. Imaging showed a mass-like lesion within the right cavernous sinus without other intracranial abnormalities. He was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals without improvement. Inflammatory and infectious workup was negative. A presumed diagnosis of Tolosa–Hunt syndrome was made based on clinical and radiographic findings, as well as the absence of another etiology to explain the patient’s presentation. He was then started on high-dose oral steroids with improvement of orbital pain only. Shortly after being discharged on steroids, the patient returned to the hospital with severe abdominal pain. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed perforated ileitis with aneurysmal dilation of the ileum and marked wall thickening concerning for a mass lesion. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography showed an uptake in the terminal ileum and right cavernous sinus consistent with metastatic Burkitt lymphoma, matching with pathology. After several cycles of chemotherapy, symptoms improved, and he regained full ocular motility in the affected eye. However, the patient ultimately died due to peritonitis and pyelonephritis.

Conclusion:

Burkitt lymphoma metastatic to the cavernous sinus was diagnosed after an initial diagnosis of Tolosa–Hunt syndrome. Tolosa–Hunt syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion and should only be made after ruling out other pathologies.
Experimental study on the flexural behavior of steel tube slab composite beams and key parameters optimization
Authors: Jia Pengjiao , Zhao Wen , Guan Yongping , Dong Jiachao , Wang Qinghe , Cheng Cheng
Published: April 2019

This work presents an experimental study on the flexural behavior of steel tube slab composite beams subjected to pure bending. The main design elements considered in the work are the flange thickness, reinforcement ratio of high strength bolts, spacing between the tubes, and transverse patterns of the tube connections. Based on nine flexural experiments on simply supported steel tube slab specimens, the failure process and crack development in steel tube slab specimens, and their load–deflection curves are investigated. The results of the laboratory tests show that the welding of the bottom flange significantly improves the flexural capacity of the steel tube slab structure. In addition, a lower concrete’s compressive strength improves the ductility of the steel tube slab specimens. Moreover, the flexural capacities predicted from the design guidelines are in good agreement with the experimental test results. Finally, based on the numerical simulations using the ABAQUS software, a numerical model is established to further investigate the effect of the additional parameters on the flexural capacity of steel tube slab structures. The numerical results suggested that the diameter of the steel bolts and the reinforcement ratio have a limited effect on the flexural bearing capacity of the steel tube slab beams, and the ultimate bearing capacity increases linearly along with increase in the diameter of the steel bolts and the reinforcement ratio in a certain range.
Performance and testing of adhesive bandage tape
Authors: El Gholmy Sherwet H.
Published: April 2019

The adhesive plaster or bandage is used to cover non-serious wound or cut in the skin. It is formed by a basic layer of plain fabric coated with the adhesive material. There are several factors that affect the performance of the produced adhesive bandage. One of the frequent reported problems is the strong engagement with the skin that causes severe pain to the patient when it is removed from the skin. The peel test is used to determine the force required to remove the bandage from the skin, tissue or other adhesive tape. The aim of research is to study the factors that affect the performance of adhesive bandage—starting from the raw fabric used and some of the manufacturing machine settings (speed, slit knife height). An attachment was made to test the peeling force of adhesive tape on an ordinary tensile testing device. Results show that the storage of the adhesive bandage tape is the most significant factor that affects the mechanical properties of the adhesive tape.
A method for evaluating management capability of workshop production scheduling
Authors: Dong Quande , Rao Weizhen , Liu Conghu , Sun Haiming , Chen Jianqing
Published: April 2019

The management capability of workshop production scheduling has been recognized as one of the important factors for the resource efficiency, delivery time and customer satisfaction of manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, a method for evaluating the management capability of production scheduling is proposed to optimize the production management. The accuracy, timeliness and effectiveness of production scheduling are measured by the formulation, execution, change and completion of the management process of production. The index model for management capability of production scheduling is established, which was driven by the data of actual production. Then, (1) scheduling generation time index, (2) scheduling execution deviation index, (3) scheduling change index and (4) scheduling completion index are built to quantitatively evaluate the capacity of production scheduling management. Finally, the usefulness and feasibility have been proved in an automobile parts–manufacturing enterprise. This article quantitatively evaluates the management capability of production scheduling. Both theoretical and results are demonstrated that the method is highly effective. The evaluation can help decision makers to better organize the production scheduling.
Fixator-Assisted Plating in Pediatric Supracondylar Femur Fractures
Authors: Bor Noam , Rozen Nimrod , Dujovny Eytan , Rubin Guy
Published: April 2019

Purpose. Pediatric femoral supracondylar fractures are difficult to reduce by either closed or open reduction. The abnormal muscle forces around the knee tend to significantly displace the distal short metaphyseal fragment. We describe a novel technique utilizing the combination of a temporarily intraoperative external fixation in order to achieve and maintain the reduction followed by internal fixation. Method. Three male patients younger than 16 years of age were operated in our department. The fractures were defined as pathological in 2 patients. In order to facilitate and maintain fracture reduction, an external fixator was temporarily used intraoperatively; once the fractures were internally fixed, the fixator was removed. Results. Anatomical reduction was achieved in all patients. In an average follow-up of 2 years, all the fractures are solidly healed and the various bone lesions are healing. All patients have returned to regular physical activity. Conclusion. Difficult supracondylar femur fractures in children are easier to manipulate and reduce with the assistance of an intraoperative external fixator. Once the fracture is internally fixed and stable, the external fixator is removed.
A robust waveform inversion using a global comparison of modeled and observed data
Authors: Sun Bingbing , Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: April 2019

A high-resolution model of the subsurface is the product of a successful full-waveform inversion (FWI) application. However, this optimization problem is highly nonlinear, and thus, we iteratively update the subsurface model by minimizing a misfit function that measures the difference between observed and modeled data. The L2-norm misfit function provides a simple, sample-by-sample comparison between the observed and modeled data. However, it is susceptible to local minima in the objective function if the low-wavenumber components of the initial model are not accurate enough. We review an alternative formulation of FWI based on a more global comparison. A combination of Radon transform and utilizing a matching filter allows for comparisons beyond sample to sample. We combine two recent developments to suggest the following algorithm for optimal inversion: (1) we compute the matching filter between the observed and modeled data in the Radon domain, which helps reduce the crosstalk introduced in the deconvolution step of computing the matching filter, and (2) we use Wasserstein distance to measure the distance between the resulting matching filter in the Radon domain and a representation of the Dirac delta function, which provides us with the optimal transport between the two distribution functions. We use a modified Marmousi model to show how this Radon-domain optimal-transport-based matching-filter approach can mitigate cycle skipping. Starting from a rather simplified v(z) media as the initial model, the proposed method can invert for the Marmousi model with considerable accuracy, while standard L2-norm formulation is trapped in a local minimum. Application of the proposed method to an offshore data set further demonstrates its robustness and effectiveness.
SIRT1 in Astrocytes Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Reproductive Function
Authors: Choi Irene , Rickert Emily , Fernandez Marina , Webster Nicholas J G
Published: April 2019

Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is an NAD-dependent class III deacetylase that functions as a cellular energy sensor. In addition to its well-characterized effects in peripheral tissues, evidence suggests that SIRT1 in neurons plays a role in the central regulation of energy balance and reproduction, but no studies have addressed the contribution of astrocytes. We show here that overexpression of SIRT1 in astrocytes causes markedly increased food intake, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance, but expression of a deacetylase-deficient SIRT1 mutant decreases food intake and body weight and improves glucose tolerance, particularly in female mice. Paradoxically, the effect of these SIRT1 mutants on insulin tolerance was reversed, with overexpression showing greater insulin sensitivity. The mice overexpressing SIRT1 were more active, generated more heat, and had elevated oxygen consumption, possibly in compensation for the increased food intake. The female overexpressing mice were also more sensitive to diet-induced obesity. Reproductively, the mice expressing the deacetylase-deficient SIRT1 mutant had impaired estrous cycles, decreased LH surges, and fewer corpora lutea, indicating decreased ovulation. The GnRH neurons were responsive to kisspeptin stimulation, but hypothalamic expression of Kiss1 was reduced in the mutant mice. Our results showed that SIRT1 signaling in astrocytes can contribute to metabolic and reproductive regulation independent of SIRT1 effects in neurons.
Inflammation in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Cardiometabolic Disease
Authors: Donath Marc Y , Meier Daniel T , Böni-Schnetzler Marianne
Published: April 2019

The role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated complications is now well established. Therapeutic interventions counteracting metabolic inflammation improve insulin secretion and action and glucose control and may prevent long-term complications. Thus, a number of anti-inflammatory drugs approved for the treatment of other inflammatory conditions are evaluated in patients with metabolic syndrome. Most advanced are clinical studies with IL-1 antagonists showing improved β-cell function and glycemia and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and heart failure. However, alternative anti-inflammatory treatments, alone or in combinations, may turn out to be more effective, depending on genetic predispositions, duration, and manifestation of the disease. Thus, there is a great need for comprehensive and well-designed clinical studies to implement anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome and its associated conditions.
Effect of Macronutrient Type and Gastrointestinal Release Site on PYY Response in Normal Healthy Subjects
Authors: Mangan Aisling M , Al Najim Werd , McNamara Niamh , Martin William P , Antanaitis Andrius , Bleiel Sinéad B , Kent Robert M , le Roux Carel W , Docherty Neil G
Published: April 2019

Background and Aims

Enteroendocrine L cells release satiety inducing hormones in response to stimulation by luminal macronutrients. We sought to profile the differential effect of macronutrient type and site of release on circulating concentrations of the L cell-derived enteroendocrine hormone peptide tyrosine tyrosine (amino acids 1 to 36) (PYY).

Materials and Methods

Eight healthy volunteers were recruited to a randomized, double-blinded, six-way crossover study. At each visit, the participants consumed a 500-kcal drink containing carbohydrate, protein, or fat in either gastric or small intestinal release formulations. Plasma PYY concentrations and hunger ratings were assessed for 3 hours after consumption of the test drink. The food intake was recorded thereafter at an ad libitum lunch.

Results

Microcapsular formulations targeting the distal small intestinal delivery of fat, but not carbohydrate or protein, markedly enhance PYY release relative to macronutrient delivery in gastric release formulations. Food intake at an ad libitum meal was lowest after consumption of the formulation releasing fat at the distal small intestine.

Conclusion

Targeting of fat to the distal small intestine in delayed release microcapsules enhanced PYY release and was associated with reductions in food intake.
Clinical but Not Histological Outcomes in Males With 45,X/46,XY Mosaicism Vary Depending on Reason for Diagnosis
Authors: Ljubicic Marie Lindhardt , Jørgensen Anne , Acerini Carlo , Andrade Juliana , Balsamo Antonio , Bertelloni Silvano , Cools Martine , Cuccaro Rieko Tadokoro , Darendeliler Feyza , Flück Christa E , Grinspon Romina P , Maciel-Guerra Andrea , Guran Tulay , Hannema Sabine E , Lucas-Herald Angela K , Hiort Olaf , Holterhus Paul Martin , Lichiardopol Corina , Looijenga Leendert H J , Ortolano Rita , Riedl Stefan , Ahmed S Faisal , Juul Anders
Published: April 2019

Context

Larger studies on outcomes in males with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism are rare.

Objective

To compare health outcomes in males with 45,X/46,XY diagnosed as a result of either genital abnormalities at birth or nongenital reasons later in life.

Design

A retrospective, multicenter study.

Setting

Sixteen tertiary centers.

Patients or Other Participants

Sixty-three males older than 13 years with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism.

Main Outcome Measures

Health outcomes, such as genital phenotype, gonadal function, growth, comorbidities, fertility, and gonadal histology, including risk of neoplasia.

Results

Thirty-five patients were in the genital group and 28 in the nongenital. Eighty percent of all patients experienced spontaneous pubertal onset, significantly more in the nongenital group (P = 0.023). Patients were significantly shorter in the genital group with median adult heights of 156.7 cm and 164.5 cm, respectively (P = 0.016). Twenty-seven percent of patients received recombinant human GH. Forty-four patients had gonadal histology evaluated. Germ cells were detected in 42%. Neoplasia in situ was found in five patients. Twenty-five percent had focal spermatogenesis, and another 25.0% had arrested spermatogenesis. Fourteen out of 17 (82%) with semen analyses were azoospermic; three had motile sperm.

Conclusion

Patients diagnosed as a result of genital abnormalities have poorer health outcomes than those diagnosed as a result of nongenital reasons. Most patients, however, have relatively good endocrine gonadal function, but most are also short statured. Patients have a risk of gonadal neoplasia, and most are azoospermic, but almost one-half of patients has germ cells present histologically and up to one-quarter has focal spermatogenesis, providing hope for fertility treatment options.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Profiles in Healthy Nondiabetic Participants: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Shah Viral N , DuBose Stephanie N , Li Zoey , Beck Roy W , Peters Anne L , Weinstock Ruth S , Kruger Davida , Tansey Michael , Sparling David , Woerner Stephanie , Vendrame Francesco , Bergenstal Richard , Tamborlane William V , Watson Sara E , Sherr Jennifer
Published: April 2019

Context

Use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is increasing for insulin-requiring patients with diabetes. Although data on glycemic profiles of healthy, nondiabetic individuals exist for older sensors, assessment of glycemic metrics with new-generation CGM devices is lacking.

Objective

To establish reference sensor glucose ranges in healthy, nondiabetic individuals across different age groups using a current generation CGM sensor.

Design

Multicenter, prospective study.

Setting

Twelve centers within the T1D Exchange Clinic Network.

Patients or Participants

Nonpregnant, healthy, nondiabetic children and adults (age ≥6 years) with nonobese body mass index.

Intervention

Each participant wore a blinded Dexcom G6 CGM, with once-daily calibration, for up to 10 days.

Main Outcome Measures

CGM metrics of mean glucose, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glycemic variability.

Results

A total of 153 participants (age 7 to 80 years) were included in the analyses. Mean average glucose was 98 to 99 mg/dL (5.4 to 5.5 mmol/L) for all age groups except those over 60 years, in whom mean average glucose was 104 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L). The median time between 70 to 140 mg/dL (3.9 to 7.8 mmol/L) was 96% (interquartile range, 93 to 98). Mean within-individual coefficient of variation was 17 ± 3%. Median time spent with glucose levels >140 mg/dL was 2.1% (30 min/d), and median time spent with glucose levels <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) was 1.1% (15 min/d).

Conclusion

By assessing across age groups in a healthy, nondiabetic population, normative sensor glucose data have been derived and will be useful as a benchmark for future research studies.
Regional Cerebral Activation Accompanies Sympathoexcitation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Lansdown Andrew J , Warnert Esther A H , Sverrisdóttir Yrsa , Wise Richard G , Rees D Aled
Published: April 2019

Context

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activation, but the cerebral pathways involved are unclear.

Objective

To compare cerebral [blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) functional MRI], pressor [blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR], and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to isometric forearm contraction (IFC) in women with PCOS and matched control subjects.

Design

Case-control study.

Setting

Referral center.

Participants

Patients with PCOS (n = 20; mean ± SD data: age, 29.8 ± 4.8 years; body mass index (BMI), 26.1 ± 4.9 kg/ m2) and 20 age- and BMI-matched control subjects (age, 29.7 ± 5.0 years; BMI, 26.1 ± 4.8 kg/ m2).

Main outcome measures

BP, HR, catecholamine, and MSNA responses to 30% IFC. BOLD signal change was modeled for BP response to 30% IFC.

Results

Although HR and BP increased to a similar extent in both groups after IFC, MSNA burst frequency increased by 68% in the PCOS group compared with 11.9% in control subjects (n = 7 in both groups; P = 0.002). Brain activation indexed by the BOLD signal in response to IFC was significantly greater in the PCOS group (n = 15) compared with controls (n = 15) in the right orbitofrontal cortex (P < 0.0001). Adjustment for insulin sensitivity, but not hyperandrogenism, abolished these between-group differences.

Conclusion

Our study confirms enhanced sympathoexcitation in women with PCOS and demonstrates increased regional brain activation in response to IFC. The right orbitofrontal cortex BOLD signal change in women with PCOS is associated with insulin sensitivity. Additional studies are warranted to clarify whether this may offer a novel target for cardiovascular risk reduction.
Myocardial differentiation is dependent upon endocardial signaling during early cardiogenesis in vitro
Authors: Saint-Jean Leshana , Barkas Nikolaos , Harmelink Cristina , Tompkins Kevin L. , Oakey Rebecca J. , Baldwin H. Scott
Published: April 2019

The endocardium interacts with the myocardium to promote proliferation and morphogenesis during the later stages of heart development. However, the role of the endocardium in early cardiac ontogeny remains under-explored. Given the shared origin, subsequent juxtaposition, and essential cell-cell interactions of endocardial and myocardial cells throughout heart development, we hypothesized that paracrine signaling from the endocardium to the myocardium is crucial for initiating early differentiation of myocardial cells. To test this, we generated an in vitro, endocardial-specific ablation model using the diphtheria toxin receptor under the regulatory elements of the Nfatc1 genomic locus (NFATc1-DTR). Early treatment of NFATc1-DTR mouse embryoid bodies with diphtheria toxin efficiently ablated endocardial cells, which significantly attenuated the percentage of beating EBs in culture and expression of early and late myocardial differentiation markers. The addition of Bmp2 during endocardial ablation partially rescued myocyte differentiation, maturation and function. Therefore, we conclude that early stages of myocardial differentiation rely on endocardial paracrine signaling mediated in part by Bmp2. Our findings provide novel insight into early endocardial-myocardial interactions that can be explored to promote early myocardial development and growth.
Databases: Work with distributed databases and file systems on the example of MongoDB and HDFS with the use of Node.js, Express.js, Apache Spark and Scala
Authors: Мартишин Сергей , Martishin Sergey , Симонов Владимир , Simonov Vladimir , Храпченко Марина , Hrapchenko Marina
Published: April 2019

It is designed to study and create information systems and applications using distributed databases and file systems.
To create information systems based on distributed databases, the server part of the MEAN software stack is used, which includes the NoSQL database type MongoDB, the Node platform and the Express framework. The Robo 3T shell for MongoDB allows you to make more visual work with collections. They also addressed the foundations of administration and replication in a DBMS MongoDB. Mongoose is used as a database object modeling tool.js. In order to create frontend parts of websites and web applications, we study the use of free software Bootstrap, HTML5 Boilerplate, Initializr. A detailed process of developing and testing the REST API-application based on the MVC model is presented.
As a result, students will be able to create a complete distributed information system based on modern nosql-type DBMS.
Distributed data stores (large amounts of unstructured information) are also used to build applications using the example of Hadoop Apache with the Spark and Scala tools.
For the purpose of convenience of the tutorial program codes hosted in the cloud publishing.
Designed for students, bachelors, masters, postgraduates and specialists in the design of distributed information systems based on modern database NoSQL-type, creating mobile and Internet applications. The manual is also useful for people engaged in self-education
Geographic information systems in thematic cartography
Authors: Раклов Вячеслав , Raklov Vyacheslav
Published: April 2019

The tutorial discusses the main issues of organization, interaction and functionality of GIS, provides definitions of basic terms and recommendations for the selection of different GIS. The technological issues of creating electronic maps using GIS technologies in MapInfo and ArcView environments for cadastral works, environmental protection and land monitoring are covered in detail.
The first edition of the manual (2004) was awarded the Diploma of the 1st degree at the all-Russian review "the Best agrarian book".
Addressed to students and teachers of universities specializing in geodesy and cartography, as well as specialists in land and urban cadastre and environmental monitoring.
Total knee arthroplasty using hinge joints: Indications and results
Authors: Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos
Published: April 2019

Possible indications for a rotating hinge or pure hinge implant in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include collateral ligament insufficiency, severe varus or valgus deformity (> 20°) with relevant soft-tissue release, relevant bone loss, including insertions of collateral ligaments, gross flexion-extension gap imbalance, ankylosis and hyperlaxity. The use of hinged implants in primary TKA should be limited to the aforementioned selected indications, especially for elderly patients. Potential indications for a rotating hinge or pure hinge implant in revision TKA include infection, aseptic loosening, instability and bone loss. Rotating hinge knee implants have a 10-year survivorship in the range of 51% to 92.5%. Complication rates of rotating hinge knee implants are in the range of 9.2% to 63%, with infection and aseptic loosening as the most common complications. Although the results reported in the literature are inconsistent, clinical results generally depend on the implant design, appropriate technical use and adequate indications. Considering that the revision of implants with long cemented stems can be challenging, in the future it would be better to use shorter stems in modular versions of hinged knee implants.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:121-132. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180056
An insider perspective on the script in practice
Authors: Giarrusso Vincenzo
Published: April 2019

The machinations of industry, the exigencies of film funding and the producer’s prominent role in setting fiscal and marketing objectives for film production seem incongruous with scriptwriting as a generative creative practice in the filmmaking process. This article presents a case study that investigates the agency of creative practice from the insider perspective of a scriptwriter. In mobilizing the concept of the boundary object, the case links the problematic and transitional status of the script – as it passes out of the hands of the writer – to other roles under the control of filmmaking practitioners. In combining a practice-based reflexive narrative with theoretical observations, the article explores the processes and imperatives that mediate the script and scriptwriting as an embodied experience for the scriptwriter.
A atuação do estagiário de Psicologia: um relato de experiência
Authors: Zanatta Gustavo Souza , Silva Patricky Batista da , Zacarias Marcelo Augusto
Published: April 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar as experiências vivenciadas pelos estagiários de psicologia do Centro Universitário Luterano de Manaus - ULBRA, no Ministério Público do Estado do Amazonas, Procuradoria-Geral de Justiça (MPAM-PGJ), em um programa de atenção às vítimas de violência e vulnerabilidade social, situado na cidade de Manaus, Amazonas, no período de novembro de 2017 a maio de 2018, totalizando seis meses. A ideia inicial partiu da disciplina de Estágio Específico em Ênfase, onde a disciplina proporcionou os primeiros atendimentos clínicos de abordagem psicanalítica e supervisão. Todo o processo foi dinâmico e gradativo, com o professor/supervisor auxiliando e sanando as dúvidas. As experiências do estágio no programa proporcionaram aos acadêmicos um espaço de entendimento, aplicação e consolidação dos conhecimentos teóricos, vinculados junto à prática dos atendimentos e supervisões com os psicólogos do programa. Dentro deste contexto foi possível perceber que mesmo sendo um programa desenvolvido no âmbito jurídico para subsidiar o trabalho dos promotores, o psicossocial trabalha visando sempre à pessoa/família atendida como principal foco de emancipação, empoderamento e ressignificação.
A novel 3-D-IC test architecture-a review
Authors: Karthick R , Sundararajan M
Published: April 2019

Here, this paper completely examines the crosstalk noise of Through-Silicon-Vias (TSVs) in high speed operations by means of a novel 3-Dimensional-IC Test structural design. In order to decline the crosstalk, the fast rise time devices have to be circumvented except they are essential for performance in some certain circuit parts. It must be noted that this system simultaneously examines the TSVs and the memory and does not require spending additional area for a test pattern generator in case of the TSV test. With the intention of reprocessing the test patterns of new-fangled memory BIST, the value of “data” or “address” need to be fixed to some specific values. In accordance with the outcomes of the TSV grouping, here also implemented a high-efficiency, low-area-overhead TSV test structural design. The amount of test cycles essential for the purpose of finding failing TSVs and regulate the fault category effectively than that in related work.
Studies on Effect of Temperature on Asphaltene precipitation using Multi Stage Extraction
Authors: Chandrika Kethineni , Sampath N , V J Jobin , Seetha Ramaiah E , Vipin Vishnu , S F Choragudi
Published: April 2019

In the case of asphaltene extraction, single stage extraction given a maximum yield at 30°c with the sample to solvent ratio of 1:25. The time taken for the extraction process is 24 hours. In the case of long step extraction process its sample to ratio is 1:4. When the temperature increased in the process the yield also started increasing. The maximum yield we could get in the temperature range of 30°c to 50°c. It is possible to reduce the extraction time by increasing the temperature and it gives a good yield of asphaltene with the usage of multistage process. It increased the asphaltene presence about 69% in the solvent. The asphaltene yield at 30°c give raise an extraction of 85% in a six-stage extraction process. It is possible to get the same extraction percentage in a temperature of 50°c with three stage extraction process.
a survey on sentiment study in twitter data using Hadoop streaming API
Authors: Vyshnavi R , Venkata Raju K , Vamsi Krishna G , Bhavya Shree Y
Published: April 2019

Twitter is an online individual with singular correspondence webpage that conveys created live of knowledge which is handled, by semi-formed and disheveled information. In this work, a system that accomplishes demand of tweets analysis in Twitter-API is talked relating to. to revamp its ability, it is planned to finish the work on the java-Hadoop system, a typically got coursed managing organize utilizing the Map cut back parallel composition purpose of the scan. At long last, wide examinations area unit about to be driven on evident educational gatherings, with a necessity to accomplish in every implies that really matters indefinite or lots of obvious truth than the planned systems in composing. The focus is providing the positive negative and neutral analysis by opinion Mining.
Spectral characteristics of satellite links at ka band in the southern tropical region of India
Authors: Velaga Sravya , Korrapati Jagadeesh , Krishna B Chaithanya , Matti Vandana , Ch. Sri Kavya K , K. Kotamraju Sarat
Published: April 2019

The objective of this study was to perform a spectral analysis of the Ka band propagation channel. Now a day, because of the expanding interest of the end users for multimedia services which require vast bandwidth, and because of the immersion of low frequency bands, for example, L, S, C bands, and Ku band in close future, satellite media transmission systems are moving to higher frequency bands. In such high frequency bands, the presence of the atmosphere strongly affects radiowave propagation and attenuation effects become so severe that system availability would not be sufficient if systems were designed in a conventional way with a static propagation margin.
The effect of thermal cycling on the mechanical properties of jute fiber reinforced by E-glass fiber composites
Authors: Sudhabindu B , P.V. Ramarao Dr , C. Uday Kiran Dr
Published: April 2019

This work researches the mechanical, aging and opacity properties of jute fiber reinforced by E-glass fiber by  hybrid composites. The detrimental impacts of climate conditions are reproduced and they are used to anticipate the longevity of materials utilized outside. Rain and humidity are additionally be reenacted with a buildup framework and additionally water splash. The harming impacts of daylight are reproduced by UV-fluorescent lights. UVB light ranges from 280-315 nm are conveyed to uncover in hybrid composite and varieties in tensile tests are resolved for 50, 75 and 100 hrs. The mechanical properties as an element of fortification substance are influenced which are reflected in the estimations of the ductile modulus and quality and also affect protection and hardness. Including mechanical properties, opacity test is conducted before and after exposure to ultraviolet radiation and surface morphology is studied