bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell type-specific mapping of ion distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana roots
Authors: Giehl Ricardo F. H. , Flis Paulina , Fuchs Jörg , Gao Yiqun , Salt David E. , von Wirén Nicolaus
Published: June 2023

Cell type-specific mapping of element distribution is critical to fully understand how roots partition nutrients and toxic elements with aboveground parts. In this study, we developed a method that combines fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess the ionome of different cell populations within Arabidopsis thaliana roots. The method reveals that most elements exhibit a radial concentration gradient increasing from the rhizodermis to inner cell layers, and detected previously unknown ionomic changes resulting from perturbed xylem loading processes. With this approach, we also identify a strong accumulation of manganese in trichoblasts of iron-deficient roots. We demonstrate that confining manganese sequestration in trichoblasts but not in endodermal cells efficiently retains manganese in roots, therefore preventing toxicity in shoots. These results indicate the existence of cell type-specific constraints for efficient metal sequestration in roots. Thus, our approach opens an avenue to investigate element compartmentation and transport pathways in plants.
Holocentromeres can consist of merely a few megabase-sized satellite arrays
Authors: Kuo Yi-Tzu , Câmara Amanda Souza , Schubert Veit , Neumann Pavel , Macas Jiří , Melzer Michael , Chen Jianyong , Fuchs Jörg , Abel Simone , Klocke Evelyn , Huettel Bruno , Himmelbach Axel , Demidov Dmitri , Dunemann Frank , Mascher Martin , Ishii Takayoshi , Marques André , Houben Andreas
Published: June 2023

The centromere is the chromosome region where microtubules attach during cell division. In contrast to monocentric chromosomes with one centromere, holocentric species usually distribute hundreds of centromere units along the entire chromatid. We assembled the chromosome-scale reference genome and analyzed the holocentromere and (epi)genome organization of the lilioid Chionographis japonica. Remarkably, each of its holocentric chromatids consists of only 7 to 11 evenly spaced megabase-sized centromere-specific histone H3-positive units. These units contain satellite arrays of 23 and 28 bp-long monomers capable of forming palindromic structures. Like monocentric species, C. japonica forms clustered centromeres in chromocenters at interphase. In addition, the large-scale eu- and heterochromatin arrangement differs between C. japonica and other known holocentric species. Finally, using polymer simulations, we model the formation of prometaphase line-like holocentromeres from interphase centromere clusters. Our findings broaden the knowledge about centromere diversity, showing that holocentricity is not restricted to species with numerous and small centromere units.
Low-spin state of Fe in Fe-doped NiOOH electrocatalysts
Authors: He Zheng-Da , Tesch Rebekka , Eslamibidgoli Mohammad J. , Eikerling Michael H. , Kowalski Piotr M.
Published: June 2023

Doping with Fe boosts the electrocatalytic performance of NiOOH for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). To understand this effect, we have employed state-of-the-art electronic structure calculations and thermodynamic modeling. Our study reveals that at low concentrations Fe exists in a low-spin state. Only this spin state explains the large solubility limit of Fe and similarity of Fe-O and Ni-O bond lengths measured in the Fe-doped NiOOH phase. The low-spin state renders the surface Fe sites highly active for the OER. The low-to-high spin transition at the Fe concentration of ~ 25% is consistent with the experimentally determined solubility limit of Fe in NiOOH. The thermodynamic overpotentials computed for doped and pure materials, η = 0.42 V and 0.77 V, agree well with the measured values. Our results indicate a key role of the low-spin state of Fe for the OER activity of Fe-doped NiOOH electrocatalysts.
Quantitative evaluation of large corporate climate action initiatives shows mixed progress in their first half-decade
Authors: Ruiz Manuel Ivan , Blok Kornelis
Published: June 2023

Corporate climate initiatives such as the Science-Based Targets initiative and RE100 have gained significant prominence in recent years, with considerable increases in membership and several ex-ante studies stating how they could bring substantive emissions reductions beyond national goals. However, studies evaluating their progress are scarce, raising questions on how members achieve targets and whether their contributions are genuinely additional. Here we assess these initiatives by disaggregating membership by sector and geographic region and then thoroughly evaluating their progress between 2015–2019 using public environmental data disclosed by 102 of their largest members by revenue. Our results show that the collective Scope 1 and 2 emissions of these companies have fallen by 35.6%, with companies generally on track or exceeding scenarios keeping global warming below 2 °C. However, most of these reductions are concentrated in a small number of intensive companies. Most members show little evidence of emission reductions within their operations, only achieving progress via renewable electricity purchases. We highlight how intermediate steps regarding data robustness and implementation of sustainability measures are lacking: 75% of public company data is independently verified at low levels of assurance, and 71% of renewable electricity is obtained through low-impact or undisclosed sourcing models.
Directed differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells into functional lung-specific mesenchyme
Authors: Alber Andrea B. , Marquez Hector A. , Ma Liang , Kwong George , Thapa Bibek R. , Villacorta-Martin Carlos , Lindstrom-Vautrin Jonathan , Bawa Pushpinder , Wang Feiya , Luo Yongfeng , Ikonomou Laertis , Shi Wei , Kotton Darrell N.
Published: June 2023

While the generation of many lineages from pluripotent stem cells has resulted in basic discoveries and clinical trials, the derivation of tissue-specific mesenchyme via directed differentiation has markedly lagged. The derivation of lung-specific mesenchyme is particularly important since this tissue plays crucial roles in lung development and disease. Here we generate a mouse induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line carrying a lung-specific mesenchymal reporter/lineage tracer. We identify the pathways (RA and Shh) necessary to specify lung mesenchyme and find that mouse iPSC-derived lung mesenchyme (iLM) expresses key molecular and functional features of primary developing lung mesenchyme. iLM recombined with engineered lung epithelial progenitors self-organizes into 3D organoids with juxtaposed layers of epithelium and mesenchyme. Co-culture increases yield of lung epithelial progenitors and impacts epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation programs, suggesting functional crosstalk. Our iPSC-derived population thus provides an inexhaustible source of cells for studying lung development, modeling diseases, and developing therapeutics.
Excessive copper impairs intrahepatocyte trafficking and secretion of selenoprotein P
Authors: Schwarz Maria , Meyer Caroline E. , Löser Alina , Lossow Kristina , Hackler Julian , Ott Christiane , Jäger Susanne , Mohr Isabelle , Eklund Ella A. , Patel Angana A. H. , Gul Nadia , Alvarez Samantha , Altinonder Ilayda , Wiel Clotilde , Maares Maria , Haase Hajo , Härtlova Anetta , Grune Tilman , Schulze Matthias B. , Schwerdtle Tanja , Merle Uta , Zischka Hans , Sayin Volkan I. , Schomburg Lutz , Kipp Anna P.
Published: June 2023

Selenium homeostasis depends on hepatic biosynthesis of selenoprotein P (SELENOP) and SELENOP-mediated transport from the liver to e.g. the brain. In addition, the liver maintains copper homeostasis. Selenium and copper metabolism are inversely regulated, as increasing copper and decreasing selenium levels are observed in blood during aging and inflammation. Here we show that copper treatment increased intracellular selenium and SELENOP in hepatocytes and decreased extracellular SELENOP levels. Hepatic accumulation of copper is a characteristic of Wilson’s disease. Accordingly, SELENOP levels were low in serum of Wilson’s disease patients and Wilson’s rats. Mechanistically, drugs targeting protein transport in the Golgi complex mimicked some of the effects observed, indicating a disrupting effect of excessive copper on intracellular SELENOP transport resulting in its accumulation in the late Golgi. Our data suggest that hepatic copper levels determine SELENOP release from the liver and may affect selenium transport to peripheral organs such as the brain.
hapln1a+ cells guide coronary growth during heart morphogenesis and regeneration
Authors: Sun Jisheng , Peterson Elizabeth A. , Chen Xin , Wang Jinhu
Published: June 2023

Although several tissues and chemokines orchestrate coronary formation, the guidance cues for coronary growth remain unclear. Here, we profile the juvenile zebrafish epicardium during coronary vascularization and identifyhapln1a+cells enriched with vascular-regulating genes.hapln1a+cells not only envelop vessels but also form linear structures ahead of coronary sprouts. Live-imaging demonstrates that coronary growth occurs along these pre-formed structures, with depletion ofhapln1a+cells blocking this growth.hapln1a+cells also pre-lead coronary sprouts during regeneration andhapln1a+cell loss inhibits revascularization. Further, we identifyserpine1expression inhapln1a+cells adjacent to coronary sprouts, andserpine1inhibition blocks vascularization and revascularization. Moreover, we observe thehapln1asubstrate, hyaluronan, forming linear structures along and preceding coronary vessels. Depletion ofhapln1a+cells orserpine1activity inhibition disrupts hyaluronan structure. Our studies reveal thathapln1a+cells andserpine1are required for coronary production by establishing a microenvironment to facilitate guided coronary growth.
Optimizing intra-arterial hypothermia scheme for acute ischemic stroke in an MCAO/R rat model
Authors: Zeng Yuqi , Hao Lei , Chen Yue , Liu Shuyi , Fan Yong , Zhao Zhenhua , Wang Yinzhou , Chen Qi , Li Yongkun
Published: June 2023

Hypothermia is a promising neuroprotective treatment. This study aims to explore and optimize the intervention scheme of intra-arterial hypothermia (IAH) in a middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model. The MCAO/R model was established with a thread that could be retracted 2 h after occlusion. Cold normal saline was injected into the internal carotid artery (ICA) through a microcatheter in different infusion conditions. Grouping followed an orthogonal design (L9[34]) based on three critical factors closely associated with IAH: perfusate temperature (4, 10, 15 °C), infusion flow rate (1/3, 1/2, 2/3 blood flow rate of ICA), and duration (10, 20, 30 min), resulting in 9 subgroups (H1, H2 to H9). A myriad of indexes were monitored, such as vital signs, blood parameters, changes in local ischemic brain tissue temperature (Tb), ipsilateral jugular venous bulb temperature (Tjvb), and the core temperature of the anus (Tcore). After 24 h and 72 h of cerebral ischemia, cerebral infarction volume, cerebral water content, and neurological function were assessed to explore the optimal IAH conditions. The results revealed that the three critical factors were independent predictors for cerebral infarction volume, cerebral water content, and neurological function. The optimal perfusion conditions were 4 °C, 2/3 RICA (0.50 ml/min) for 20 min, and there was a significant correlation between Tb and Tjvb (R = 0.994, P < 0.001). The vital signs, blood routine tests and biochemical indexes showed no significant abnormal changes. These findings revealed that IAH was safe and feasible with the optimized scheme in an MCAO/R rat model.
Pleobot: a modular robotic solution for metachronal swimming
Authors: Oliveira Santos Sara , Tack Nils , Su Yunxing , Cuenca-Jiménez Francisco , Morales-Lopez Oscar , Gomez-Valdez P. Antonio , Wilhelmus Monica M.
Published: June 2023

Metachronal propulsion is widespread in aquatic swarming organisms to achieve performance and maneuverability at intermediate Reynolds numbers. Studying only live organisms limits our understanding of the mechanisms driving these abilities. Thus, we present the design, manufacture, and validation of the Pleobot—a unique krill-inspired robotic swimming appendage constituting the first platform to study metachronal propulsion comprehensively. We combine a multi-link 3D printed mechanism with active and passive actuation of the joints to generate natural kinematics. Using force and fluid flow measurements in parallel with biological data, we show the link between the flow around the appendage and thrust. Further, we provide the first account of a leading-edge suction effect contributing to lift during the power stroke. The repeatability and modularity of the Pleobot enable the independent manipulation of particular motions and traits to test hypotheses central to understanding the relationship between form and function. Lastly, we outline future directions for the Pleobot, including adapting morphological features. We foresee a broad appeal to a wide array of scientific disciplines, from fundamental studies in ecology, biology, and engineering, to developing new bio-inspired platforms for studying oceans across the solar system.
Current treatments for endometriosis in South Korea: an analysis of nationwide data from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Kim Han Kyul , Kim Eun-San , Park Kyoung Sun , Lee Yoon Jae , Ha In-Hyuk
Published: June 2023

While a wide range of treatments, including medical therapies and surgery, are used to manage endometriosis, the characteristics and treatment status of patients who received these treatments have not been investigated in Korea. This study analyzed the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service—National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) data from 2010 to 2019 with 7530 patients diagnosed with endometriosis. Annual trends in the types of visit and surgery, medication prescriptions and associated costs were investigated. The analysis showed that surgery slightly decreased among the types of utilized healthcare services (2010: 16.3, 2019: 12.7), dienogest prescription rapidly increased due to national health insurance coverage from 2013 (2013: 12.1, 2019: 36.0), and the use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues decreased (2010: 33.6, 2019: 16.4). There was no significant change in total and outpatient costs per person over time. Regarding endometriosis treatment, conservative treatment mainly based on prescribed medications has been gradually replacing surgery. Particularly, the listing of dienogest for national health insurance coverage might have affected the trend. However, there were no significant changes in terms of total and medication costs per person.
Associations of air pollutant concentrations with longitudinal kidney function changes in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chung Cheng-Yin , Wu Shang-Yu , Chiu Huei-Hsuan , Wu Tzu-Ning , Wang Your-Tong , Lin Ming-Yen ,   on behalf of the iH3 Research Group
Published: June 2023

This longitudinal cohort study investigated the associations of air pollutant exposures, including CO, NO, NO2, NOx, O3, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2, with long-term kidney function changes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We enrolled 447 CKD patients who took part in a universal hospital pre-ESRD care program during 2011–2015. The daily average air pollutant exposures and temperature were estimated for each patient, with different levels of air pollutant concentrations defined by 5-knot and restricted cubic spline function. Predicted annual estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) slope values by one mixed model were considered as the study outcome. The average age of the study population was 77.1 ± 12.6 years, and the median annual eGFR decreased by 2.1 ml/min/1.73 m2 per year from 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 at baseline during a mean follow-up time of 3.4 years. The univariable and multivariable analyses revealed no significant linear and non-linear associations between 5-knot air pollutant concentrations and annual eGFR slope. In addition, the visualized spline effect plots show insignificant variation patterns in annual eGFR slope values with increased air pollutant concentrations. These results encourage more extensive studies to clarify the causal relationships and mechanisms of long-term specific air pollutant exposures and longitudinal kidney function change, especially in CKD populations.
Linear and symmetric synaptic weight update characteristics by controlling filament geometry in oxide/suboxide HfOx bilayer memristive device for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Sahu Dwipak Prasad , Park Kitae , Chung Peter Hayoung , Han Jimin , Yoon Tae-Sik
Published: June 2023

Memristive devices have been explored as electronic synaptic devices to mimic biological synapses for developing hardware-based neuromorphic computing systems. However, typical oxide memristive devices suffered from abrupt switching between high and low resistance states, which limits access to achieve various conductance states for analog synaptic devices. Here, we proposed an oxide/suboxide hafnium oxide bilayer memristive device by altering oxygen stoichiometry to demonstrate analog filamentary switching behavior. The bilayer device with Ti/HfO2/HfO2−x(oxygen-deficient)/Pt structure exhibited analog conductance states under a low voltage operation through controlling filament geometry as well as superior retention and endurance characteristics thanks to the robust nature of filament. A narrow cycle-to-cycle and device-to-device distribution were also demonstrated by the filament confinement in a limited region. The different concentrations of oxygen vacancies at each layer played a significant role in switching phenomena, as confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The analog weight update characteristics were found to strongly depend on the various conditions of voltage pulse parameters including its amplitude, width, and interval time. In particular, linear and symmetric weight updates for accurate learning and pattern recognition could be achieved by adopting incremental step pulse programming (ISPP) operation scheme which rendered a high-resolution dynamic range with linear and symmetry weight updates as a consequence of precisely controlled filament geometry. A two-layer perceptron neural network simulation with HfO2/HfO2−x synapses provided an 80% recognition accuracy for handwritten digits. The development of oxide/suboxide hafnium oxide memristive devices has the capacity to drive forward the development of efficient neuromorphic computing systems.
Complete remission of diabetes with a transient HDAC inhibitor and insulin in streptozotocin mice
Authors: Kojima Hideto , Katagi Miwako , Okano Junko , Nakae Yuki , Ohashi Natsuko , Fujino Kazunori , Miyazawa Itsuko , Nakagawa Takahiko
Published: June 2023

Despite the growing epidemic worldwide, diabetes is an incurable disease. We have been focusing on why diabetes manifests refractoriness to any therapy. We recently found that abnormal bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), namely, Vcam-1+ST-HSCs, was a key mechanism for diabetic complications. We then hypothesize that those aberrant BMDCs sustainedly impair pancreatic β cells. Here we show that eliminating abnormal BMDCs using bone marrow transplantation results in controlling serum glucose in diabetic mice, in which normoglycemia is sustained even after cessation of insulin therapy. Alternatively, abnormal BMDCs exhibiting epigenetic alterations are treated with an HDAC inhibitor, givinostat, in diabetic mice. As a result, those mice are normoglycemic along with restored insulin secretion even following the cessation of both insulin and givinostat. Diabetic cell fusion between abnormal BMDCs and resident cells is significantly blocked by the combination therapy in the pancreatic islets and thymus while surgical ablation of the thymus completely eliminates therapeutic protection in diabetic mice. In conclusion, diabetes is an epigenetic stem cell disorder with thymic disturbances. The combination may be applied to patients aiming at complete remission from diabetes in clinical medicine.
Tissue lipidomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to explore the therapeutic mechanism of anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. against gouty arthritis
Authors: Li Li , Jia Qiangqiang , Zhang Haiqin , Yi Lingyun , Tang Yingyu , Hu Ping , Wang Rui , Zhang Hongyang
Published: June 2023

Integrating tissue lipidomics, network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the anti-gout mechanism of anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murr.
Assessment of causal relationships between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in bipolar disorder: a 2-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Min , Li Xinwei , Dong Lin , Jin Mengdi , Xie Mengtong , Jia Ningning , Liu Yane , Xue Fengyu , Li Weizhen , Yang Yuqing , Song Haideng , Lu Qingxing , Jiang Lintong , Yu Qiong
Published: June 2023

Evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study suggests that Omega-3 fatty acids are potentially protective against bipolar disorder and that elevated Omega-6/Omega-3 fatty acid ratios may increase risk.
Binding behavior and antioxidant study of spice extract piperine with respect to meat myoglobin
Authors: Wu Di , Hu Xia , Cai Zhangyu , Zhang Jing , Geng Fang , Li Hui
Published: June 2023

Spectroscopic and simulation methods were used to report the binding behavior and antioxidant activity of piperine with respect to myoglobin and to explain the effects of piperine on protein structure.
Lipidomics reveal the cognitive improvement effects of Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil on hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy rats
Authors: Chen Xianyang , Song Wangting , Song Yige , Cao Hongli , Xu Xiao , Li Shujia , Fu Yanmin , Xue Teng , Ding Chunguang , Lin Feng , Shi Yuan , Li Jiujun
Published: June 2023

We conducted a one-month dietary intervention on an HIE rat model and found that ASO improves cognitive ability by regulating lipid unsaturation and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in neonatal rats under ischemia-hypoxia conditions.
Revealing the role of leucine in improving the social avoidance behavior of depression through a combination of untargeted and targeted metabolomics
Authors: Wang Qi , Wu Zhenning , Xiang Huan , Zhou Yuzhi , Qin Xuemei , Tian Junsheng
Published: June 2023

A significant correlation between decreased levels of leucine and social avoidance behavior utilized a combination of untargeted and targeted metabolomics. The supplementation of leucine has a positive impact on social avoidance behavior.
The influence of calcium on copper corrosion and its by-product release in drinking water
Authors: Xu Ping , Fu Qiang , Zhao Meihui
Published: June 2023

Schematic diagram of copper corrosion and by-product release under SO42− conditions.
Proton-transfer rate constants for the determination of organic indoor air pollutants by online mass spectrometry
Authors: Salthammer Tunga , Hohm Uwe , Stahn Marcel , Grimme Stefan
Published: June 2023

Proton transfer reaction rates were calculated for 114 organic compounds using ion–dipole collision theory with quantum mechanically determined dipole moments and polarizabilities.
Hydrophilic ionic liquid assisted hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanostructures with controllable morphology
Authors: Akter Mousumi , Faisal Md. Arif , Singh Ajaya Kumar , Susan Md. Abu Bin Hasan
Published: June 2023

The structure and concentration of the hydrophilic ionic liquids greatly influence the growth direction of the ZnO nanostructures with controllable morphologyviaa simple hydrothermal route.
Weakly supervised point cloud segmentation via deep morphological semantic information embedding
Authors: Xue Wenhao , Yang Yang , Li Lei , Huang Zhongling , Wang Xinggang , Han Junwei , Zhang Dingwen
Published: June 2023

Segmenting the semantic regions of point clouds is a crucial step for intelligent agents to understand 3D scenes. Weakly supervised point cloud segmentation is highly desirable because entirely labelling point clouds is highly time‐consuming and costly. For the low‐costing labelling of 3D point clouds, the scene‐level label is one of the most effortless label strategies. However, due to the limitation of classifier discriminative capability and the orderless and structurless nature of the point cloud data, existing scene‐level method is hard to transfer the semantic information, which usually leads to the under‐activated or over‐activated issues. To this end, a local semantic embedding network is introduced to learn local structural patterns and semantic propagation. Specifically, the proposed network contains graph convolution‐based dilation and erosion embedding modules to implement ‘inside‐out’ and ‘outside‐in’ semantic information dissemination pathways. Therefore, the proposed weakly supervised learning framework could achieve the mutual propagation of semantic information in the foreground and background. Comprehensive experiments on the widely used ScanNet benchmark demonstrate the superior capacity of the proposed approach when compared to the current alternatives and baseline models.
An optimal scheduling of renewable energy in flexible interconnected distribution networks considering extreme scenarios
Authors: Zhang Yongjun , Zhong Kanghua , Deng Wenyang , Cheng Runting , Chen Mingli , An Yuzheng , Tang Yuan
Published: June 2023

As renewable power penetration gradually increases in hierarchical distribution networks, certain regions have started to lack the ability to consume. How to improve the consumption capacity of a hierarchical distribution network through optimal dispatching has become a hot topic in the current research on distribution system operation. Firstly, the article makes an accurate and rapid assessment of the consumption capacity of the station area through the limit scenario analysis method; secondly, based on the assessment results, the main network renewable power sources are prioritized for consumption, while the main network and the station area; thirdly, the main network renewable power sources are prioritized for consumption, considering the assessment results while the main network and the station area reach the optimal power flow simultaneously through a multi‐layer dispatching model. Then, through the flexible interconnection system, load balancing and energy optimization are performed for unconsumed distributed generation (DG) and incomplete energy storage system (ESS) in the station area to further improve the efficiency of renewable energy. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by simulation tests.
Multi-spacecraft observations of near-relativistic electron events at different radial distances
Authors: Kollhoff A. , Berger L. , Brüdern M. , Dresing N. , Eldrum S. , Fleth S. , Gómez-Herrero R. , Heber B. , Kühl P. , Pacheco D. , Rodríguez-García L. , Rodríguez-Pacheco J. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Xu Z.
Published: June 2023

Aims. We study the radial evolution of near-relativistic solar energetic electron (SEE) events observed by at least two spacecraft at different heliocentric distances and with small separation angles between their magnetic footpoints at the Sun.

Methods. We identified SEE events for which Solar Orbiter and either Wind or STEREO-A had a small longitudinal separation (< 15°) between their nominal magnetic footpoints. For the approximation of the footpoint separation, we followed a ballistic back-mapping approach using in situ solar wind speed measurements. For all the SEE events that satisfied our selection criteria, we determined the onset times, rise times, peak fluxes, and peak values of the first-order anisotropy for electrons in the energy range from ∼50 − 85 keV. We compared the event parameters observed at different spacecraft and derived exponential indices αp for each parameter p, assuming an Rα-dependence on the heliocentric distance R.

Results. In our sample of SEE events, we find strong event-to-event variations in the radial dependence of all derived parameters. For the majority of events, the peak flux decreases with increasing radial distance. For the first-order anisotropy and the rise time no clear radial dependence was found. The derived onset delays observed between two spacecraft were found to be too long to be explained by ideal Parker spirals in multiple events.

Conclusions. The rudimentary methods presented in this study lead to event parameters with large uncertainties. The absence of a clear radial dependence on the first-order anisotropy and the rise time as well as the ambiguous onset timing of the SEE events found in this study could be the result of general limitations in the methods we used. Further studies, including analyses of the directional fluxes and transport simulations that take the individual instrument responses into account, would allow a better interpretation of the radial evolution of SEE events.
Effect of Corner Modification on Forced Convection and Properties of Flowing Fluid Past Static Equilateral Triangular Prism at Various Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Ashfaq Tooba , Manzoor Shehryar
Published: June 2023

This paper demonstrates the 2D numerical investigation to determine outcome of corner modification on the heat transfer and flow parameters of fluid flowing past static equilateral triangular prism. For this purpose, the corners are modified in such a way that 1/8 of the side length of prism is chamfered and rounded. Prism is placed in incompressible flow in such a way that one of its vertices is facing the upstream. Flow velocity varies as Reynolds number range from 50 to 150 with an increment of 20. Drag and lift coefficients are sensitive to corner profile of prism. At Re of 110, rounding caused a maximum of 6.5% and 12.6% reduction is observed after chamfering the corners of prism. Increasing Re caused Root mean square value of lift coefficient (CLRMS) to increase. At Re of 150, chamfered corners increased the CLRMS by 22.3% whereas rounding enhanced it by 21.6%. Time-averaged streamlines suggested the reduction in the wake width behind the prism with increasing Re and changed corner profile. Forced convective heat transfer from sharp, rounded and chamfered prisms is discussed in terms of time and space averaged Nusselt number which enhanced by 5% after corner modification of prism. Lastly, mean spread of heat transfer coefficient over prisms is presented and discussed.
Pipe profile optimization of formula student chassis for torsional stiffness
Authors: Khan Suhail Ahmad , Imran Abid , Arif Arsalan
Published: June 2023

One of the key aspects of designing a formula student car chassis is torsional stiffness. High torsional stiffness gives stability to the suspension system and provides better handling of the car. This paper presents an investigation into the optimization of the torsional stiffness of formula student chassis’ structure using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Three sets of pipe profiles are considered, each produced chassis with different masses, and their torsional stiffness is analyzed in ANSYS. The profiles are selected within the limit prescribed by the formula student UK rules, and round pipes are used. The chassis is designed in SOLIDWORKS and then analyzed in ANSYS for torsional stiffness. The selected chassis for analysis have masses of 32.1 Kgs, 45.0 Kgs, and 47.2 Kgs based on the pipe sizing used in each chassis. These findings have important implications for the design and optimization of formula student chassis, particularly in terms of balancing the trade-off between mass and torsional stiffness. Overall, this paper contributes to the ongoing research into the optimization of formula student chassis.
Numerical Analysis of dew point Indirect Evaporative Cooler
Authors: Asghar Usama , Ali Muzaffar , Iqbal Danyal , Ali Muhammad , Hassan Ameer Muhammad
Published: June 2023

An indirect evaporative cooler that uses a Maisotsenko (M) Cycle has the potential to be a green and sustainable solution for managing a building’s cooling demand since it can attain sub-wet bulb temperature without humidification. This study presents the design and simulation analysis of a crossflow indirect evaporative cooler using the COMSOL Multiphysics software for various ambient conditions. The cooler’s performance was evaluated by varying the inlet air temperatures. The analysis was conducted using numerical simulations, and the outcomes were compared with experimental data. The simulation results demonstrated that the cooler could achieve significant temperature reductions at a minor energy consumption as compared to traditional air conditioning systems. This study delivers that this system reduces the temperature of inlet air up to 22°C as well as cooling capacity and coefficient of performance values are 3.699 kW and 27.40. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of crossflow indirect evaporative coolers as an energy-efficient alternative to conventional air conditioning systems.
Microcontroller-based Sonar Ultrasonic Water Level Control System with Closed-loop Control Approach
Authors: Ahmad Usman , Ali Hassan , Umer M. Haseem , Imran Abid , Arif Arsalan , Ahmed Cheema Taqi
Published: June 2023

This study proposes a microcontroller-based closed-loop water level control system that utilizes a sonar ultrasonic sensor to monitor and regulate water levels in a tank. The system operates by continuously checking the water level in the tank and adjusting the valve’s opening and closure times to maintain the desired water level. The closed-loop control approach employed by the system offers a precise water level control solution that can significantly reduce water waste in water pumping systems. The paper also assesses the theoretical and experimental response of an open-loop water level control system. The findings demonstrate that the closed-loop system outperforms the open-loop system, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed approach in maintaining water levels in a tank. The proposed system is not only applicable to water pumping systems but can also be used to manage the flow of hot and cold water from home water heaters. Additionally, the system can be utilized in various industries that require level or flow control, with particular emphasis on the production of distilled water, juice, and milk.
Flow control in paper-based microfluidic channel by using hydrophobic tape barrier on the paper surface
Authors: Ali Mubashar , Jafry Ali Turab , Abbas Hamza , Ullah Hammas
Published: June 2023

Paper-based microfluidics offers a simple, cost-effective, and versatile platform for fluid manipulation and analysis. Despite significant advancements in paper fluidics, the flow control in paper channel remains a challenging task. In this regard, we have developed a flow delay channel in paper using rectangular tape patterns on the paper surface. We have investigated the effect of hydrophobic tape barriers with varying widths. The designing and cutting of the hydrophobic tape and paper channel was performed by CO2 laser machine using CorelDraw software. Once cut, the tape barriers were attached to the paper surface and then passed through the roller press machine for proper adhesion of tape pattern onto the paper’s surface. From experiments, we observed that by increasing the width of tape, the delay also increased. The hydrophobic tape on the paper surface caused resistance to the flowing fluid. Due to this surface resistance, flow velocity reduced, and the time delay increased. We believe that our novel approach will provide an alternative method of flow control for paper-based microfluidic devices and can be utilized in various food quality sensors and lateral flow devices.
Process Re-design and Automation Using Enterprise Resource Planning System for Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Anjum Khansa , Mirza Jahanzaib , ur-Rashid Tanzeel , Wakeel Aneela
Published: June 2023

In the era of Industry 4.0, automation is the backbone for any industry to grow and sustain. Many studies suggest that ERP system helps industries to integrate and automate most of the business processes, enhance production efficiency and financial performance. However, the manufacturing industries with make-to-order business model are struggling with production planning and control systems. The aim of this research is to provide solution for overcoming the problems of late order deliveries, cost overruns and limitation of communications and information flow associated with production planning and control in manufacturing industries. A qualitative case study in a steel parts manufacturing industry is conducted to understand and analyze the prevailing problems and processes. Based on observations, a business model is proposed by re-designing according to standard practices of ERP system, then ERP System is selected and designed according to the case industry requirements. This paper mainly focuses on implementation of the Manufacturing module. To verify and analyze the impact of automation, data is collected from case industry for implementation and execution in ERP System. After implementation, significant reduction of production wastages in terms of paperwork, time and error is observed, saving the costs and time related to these wastages. Hence, it is found that ERP System contribute in improving production planning and control system for case industry by ensuring timely delivery and cost control due to better production planning and monitoring and provide real-time visibility of data and information, enhancing business performance.
Mechanical Characterization of Rotary Friction Welded Dissimilar Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Asif Raza Muhammad , Hussain Azhar , Malik Rizwan Ahmed , Abid Faiza , Bilal Abu Summama Sadavi
Published: June 2023

Joining of the similar & dissimilar materials alloys using heat of the friction in currently being used, especially for non-ferrous alloys which are considered as non-weldable alloys. Al 2024-T6 & Al 6061-T6 having length of 70mm and 12mm diameter were welded by using the friction welding process. Similar and dissimilar welded samples were obtained by applying different combinations of welding parameters like friction pressure 30bar, forging pressure from 50 to 60 bar, and rotational speed of 2200 rpm. Vickers microhardness and Tensile test was performed on similar and dissimilar welded samples. Test shows that ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the similar welded joint was greater than their respective base metals welds. Dissimilar weld samples have hardness and ultimate tensile strength greater than the base Al 6061-T6, and less than the base Al 2024-T6. From results, it was clearly shown that as forging pressure increased from 50 to 60 bar, ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the similar and dissimilar welded samples increased. Joints were analysed to investigate the fractography of all welded samples. All welded samples fractured on the base metal alloy and show the formation of the cup and cone like structure which indicate the ductile fracture of the joints.
Gemeinsames Auftreten von Morbus Whipple und Hyperparathyreoidismus – Zufall oder kausaler Zusammenhang?
Authors: Weber Marie , Dancygier Henryk , Blasberg Tobias , Wedi Edris
Published: June 2023

Der Morbus Whipple ist eine seltene Infektionserkrankung mit multiplen klinischen Manifestationen. Die nach dem Erstbeschreiber George Hoyt Whipple benannte Erkrankung wurde 1907 im Rahmen der Autopsie eines 36-Jährigen mit Gewichtsverlust, Diarrhoen und Arthritis entdeckt. Unter dem Mikroskop entdeckte Whipple ein stäbchenförmiges Bakterium in der Darmwand des Patienten, welches erst 1992 als neue Bakterienspezies bestätigt und als Tropheryma whipplei benannt wurde.

Ein Rezidiv des Morbus Whipple kann auch Jahre nach der initialen Diagnose auftreten und manifestiert sich häufig mit extraintestinalen Symptomen wie Arthritiden oder Hauteffloreszenzen, Jahre vor einem gastrointestinalen Beschwerdebild. Das im vorliegenden Fall festgestellte, simultane Auftreten mit einem primären Hyperparathyreoidismus ist jedoch ein bislang unbekanntes Krankheitsbild und eröffnet neue Fragen und Perspektiven im Rahmen der Diagnostik und Therapie.
Yogatherapie bei Diabetes Typ 2
Authors: Orttmann-Heuser Anja , Lenarz Birgit
Published: June 2023

Die Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft berichtet, dass 9,5 % der erwachsenen Bevölkerung an Diabetes Typ 2 leiden. Yogatherapie kann als komplementäre Therapie wirksam sein, um nachhaltig gesündere Gewohnheiten zu entwickeln. Sie nutzt gezielt die Methoden des Yoga zur Linderung krankheitsbedingter Einschränkungen und Symptome. In Deutschland ist die Yogatherapie noch nicht sehr weit verbreitet, aber in den USA hat sie sich bereits etabliert. Als komplementäre personalisierte Therapie kann sie auch bei der Behandlung von Typ-2-Diabetes eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Gezielt werden für diese Patient*innengruppe Körperübungen mit Atem- und Entspannungstechniken kombiniert, um so auf körperlicher und mentaler Ebene Prozesse in Gang zu setzen. Sie berücksichtigt die Fähigkeiten und Bedürfnisse des Einzelnen und basiert auf grundlegenden Prinzipien: individuelles Übungsprogramm, Schmerzfreiheit, Kontinuität, schrittweises Vorgehen, Selbstwirksamkeit und Selbstwahrnehmung. Der Beitrag stellt beispielhafte yogatherapeutische Interventionen bei typischen Symptomen des Diabetes Typ 2 vor. Auch wissenschaftliche Studien untermauern die positiven Effekte von Yoga auf das Diabetesmanagement.
Welche Rolle spielt Magnesium beim metabolischen Syndrom?
Authors: Birkelbach Daniela
Published: June 2023

Rund 30 % der Bevölkerung leiden unter dem metabolischen Syndrom, was als Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung eines Typ-2-Diabetes und weiterer diabetischer Folge- und Begleiterkrankungen gilt. Neben den gravierenden gesundheitlichen Problemen für die Patient*innen verursachen das metabolische Syndrom und seine Folgeerkrankungen hohe Kosten für das Gesundheitswesen: „Die stetige Zunahme der Zahl der Patienten mit metabolischem Syndrom und seinen Folgen ist eine schwerwiegende medizinische, soziale und ökonomische Herausforderung“, warnt in diesem Zusammenhang auch Prof. Hans Georg Classen, Vorsitzender der Gesellschaft für Biofaktoren e. V. (GfB). Ein zusätzliches Problem: Viele potenziell Erkrankte ahnen nichts von dem erhöhten Risiko. Neben der Optimierung von Stoffwechseleinstellung und Lebensweise können betroffene Patient*innen auch von einer zielgerichteten Versorgung mit essenziellen Biofaktoren wie Magnesium profitieren. Ein Mangel kann auch anderen Symptomen zugrunde liegen. Bei Magnesiummangelverdacht sollte daher immer eine Labordiagnostik erfolgen.
Sportliches Training beim metabolischen Syndrom
Authors: Morvilius Simone
Published: June 2023

Die Inzidenz kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren steigt mit zunehmendem Alter stetig an 1. Zusammengefasst werden sie (je nach zugrunde liegender Klassifizierung WHO, IDF oder AHA/NHLBI) als metabolisches Syndrom (MetS) bezeichnet. Risikosteigerung für eine Entwicklung von Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, Herzleiden, Schlaganfall und weiteren Erkrankungen sowie eine frühere Sterblichkeit können die Folgen sein. Neben Ernährungsweise, genetischer Disposition, Altersstruktur und soziokulturellen Einflussfaktoren scheint Bewegungsmangel einer der hauptursächlichen Faktoren des MetS zu sein 2, 3. Angepasstes sportliches Training zeigt präventiv wie kurativ Wirksamkeit gegen die ungünstige Konstellation des Syndroms und kann – im besten Fall in Verbindung mit einer gesunden Ernährungsweise – zu einer Gesundung der Betroffenen führen 4. Der Beitrag zeigt Trainingsbeispiele zur Bewegungsanregung.
Hyperspectral Imaging—A Novel Tool to Assess Tissue Perfusion and Oxygenation in Esophageal Anastomoses
Authors: Vaz Pimentel Duarte , Merten Larissa , Gosemann Jan-Hendrik , Gockel Ines , Jansen-Winkeln Boris , Mayer Steffi , Lacher Martin
Published: June 2023

Anastomotic stricture and leakage are common complications after repair of esophageal atresia (EA). A compromised perfusion of the anastomosis is a contributing factor. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an ultrashort noninvasive method to measure tissue perfusion. We present two cases of with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)/EA repair, in whom we applied HSI: the first patient was a newborn with EA type C who underwent open TEF repair. The second one had an EA type A and cervical esophagostomy, in whom we performed gastric transposition. In both patients, HSI confirmed a good tissue perfusion of the later anastomosis. The postoperative course was uneventful and both patients are on full enteral feeds. We conclude that HSI is a safe and noninvasive tool that allows near real-time assessment of tissue perfusion and can contribute to the identification of the optimal anastomotic region during pediatric esophageal surgery.
Skin-like ferroelectret films for advanced robotics, human-machine interfaces
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: June 2023

Polypropylene films exhibit strong mechanical properties, low acoustic impedance, and sensitivity to slip and shear pressure, making them excellent electromechanical sensors.
Broadband bowtie antenna for short range impulse radar applications
Authors: Lee Doojin
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the resistively loaded bowtie antenna (RBA) is characterized in both frequency and time domains for short pulse radiating and sensing impulse radio ultra-wide band applications. The exclusive design procedures of RBA are implemented, aiming to optimize RBA to be suitable for short range target sensing applications. The figure of merit is introduced to reflect the short pulse radiating characteristic into the design procedures. The developed RBA is comprehensively evaluated by additional proposed standard criteria such as evaluation factor (EF) and pulse distortion factor (DF). Those EF and DF for RBA are calculated as 149 and 0.12, respectively. The performances of RBA are remarkably investigated in terms of short-range impulse radar characteristic perspective. The proposed RBA has been experimentally demonstrated by intensive characteristic investigations, which are to be commensurate with short range impulse radar applications.
The effect of Ar plasma on the space-confined growth of MoS2 with low-pressure chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Pokhrel Himal , Duncan Joseph Anthony , Woli Yagya Bahadur , Hoang Thang Ba , Pollard Shawn David
Published: June 2023

Plasma assisted low-pressure chemical vapor deposition has previously been shown to allow for large area growth of a variety of 2D materials, such as graphene and boron nitride. However, it also presented with degradation of electronic properties owing to decreases in grain sizes and increased inclusion of defects. In this work, we report on the influence of an Ar plasma during the growth of MoS2. We produce hexagonal and triangular single crystal 2D MoS2 with sizes up to 10 µm, similar to that achieved without plasma present. Raman analysis also exhibits no significant changes with plasma. However, the plasma does induce changes to the morphology of the MoS2 crystals, leading to non-uniform edge structures with the degree of non-uniformity scaling with plasma power. Comparing the overall morphology at different temperatures and amounts of precursor material suggests that plasma increases the availability of Mo for growth, which is further evidenced by increased growth zones. Therefore, the use of an Ar plasma may provide a means to reduce required precursor quantities without significantly compromising the overall structure of the resulting MoS2 crystals.