bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Key Genes and Therapeutic Targets in Down Syndrome: A Comprehensive Analysis Using RNA-Seq, PPI Networks, and Molecular Docking
Authors: Yogigiridhar S. , Blessy J. Jino , Urumaiya Shalini , Jaswanthi D.
Published: December 2024

Down syndrome (DS) is a widespread genetic disorder associated with a range of physical and intellectual disabilities, and it can also lead to several metabolic and health-related issues. Modernization and technological innovation have simplified next-generation sequencing through the use of open-source online software like Galaxy, which enables users to easily share their data and workflow mappings. Current study is to identify candidate genes for DS by performing differential expression of genes. RNA-Seq analysis was performed for different datasets retrieved from the GEO database. The 10 datasets from DS patients and 10 datasets from healthy control were analysed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DEGs analysis showed 10 upregulated and 10 downregulated genes with log2FC counts > 2.5 and p-values <0.05. To further investigate these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), WebGestalt was used for comprehensive in silico analysis, visualizing enrichment via volcano plots. Additionally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using STRING, identifying three gene modules and ten hub genes through Cytoscape cluster analysis. Molecular docking studies were then conducted on these hub genes using PyRx software. This included the addition of polar hydrogen atoms, the assignment of partial charges, and the removal of water molecules to prepare for efficient molecular docking. This research enhances our understanding of gene interactions and protein-phytochemical binding mechanisms, thereby contributing to therapeutic advancements in the biopharmaceutical sector.
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil Extraction Residue Extracts from Hyptis suaveolens Leaves against Resistant Bacterial Strains
Authors: Cyrille Goly Kouassi Roselin , Irié Abel Boli Zamble Bi , Sylvère N'Zi Konan Guy , Soro Yaya
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial properties of essential oil residues extracted from Hyptis suaveoelens leaves against resistant strains. Two aqueous extracts: Eaq 1 (Without essential oil extraction) and Eaq 2 (after essential oil extraction) and their fractions were tested in solid and liquid media against five resistant bacterial strains. Some secondary metabolite families were investigated using phytochemical screening. All the secondary metabolite families we were looking for were present in the crude extracts, with exception of polyterpenes and sterols. Bacterial growth inhibition diameters ranged from 0 to 21.33 mm for aqueous extract Eaq 1 and from 8 to 24 mm for essential oil residues extracted (Eaq 2). Staphylococcus aureus Meti. R. was the most sensitive strain. E. coli BLSE was resistant to both aqueous extracts and their fractions. Eaq 1 was bactericidal only against the S. aureus strain, with an MIC of 6.25 mg/mL. Eaq 2 was bactericidal against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and S. sp, with MICs of 1.56, 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL respectively. Aqueous extract of Hyptis suaveolens leaf residue, after extraction of the essential oil, has strong antibacterial activity.
APPLICATION OF THE BAYESIAN INFERENCE METHOD TO SYNTHESIZE URBAN DRIVING CYCLE SPEED SCHEDULES USING MEASURED DATA
Authors: CZEREPICKI Andrzej , KOZŁOWSKI Maciej
Published: December 2024

Standardized driving cycles are widely used to simulate real-world vehicle operating conditions. They are used for estimating vehicle ranges, evaluating emissions, and designing powertrain characteristics. Recently, due to the intensive electrification of urban public transport fleets, estimating electric energy consumption has gained significant importance. This process requires up-to-date, validated driving cycles developed from realworld operating condition measurements. This paper presents an original method for synthesizing the driving cycle based on a stochastic approach using Bayesian inference. It first determines probability distributions of vehicle speed for the entire line. Next, all trips for the line are divided into segments of uninterrupted movement. A probability distribution of speed is also constructed for each of these segments. Then, quality fit indicators are calculated for each segment. Segments that support the hypothesis of the total distribution with maximum likelihood are then selected using Bayesian inference. A driving cycle for the selected line is synthesized by combining several segments with the highest degree of fit. The condition for applying the method is having a large dataset of measurements obtained during actual trips. The method can be effectively implemented computationally, ensuring high accuracy in reflecting the driving conditions in a selected area. The method has low computational requirements and a high capacity to adapt to changing operational conditions. This paper presents the results of applying this method to three bus lines in Warsaw and uses publicly available traffic data. The proposed method can be used for various applications, including estimating energy consumption for route travel, assessing the impact of traffic management changes on driving smoothness, and determining the load on electric bus engines and batteries.
EVALUATING AND IDENTIFYING HAZARDS AT PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS
Authors: GAJEWSKA Paulina , SZEWCZYK Irena , SKRABAC Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

Pedestrian crossings are one of the most essential elements of linear infrastructure in road transportation. A crosswalk is a place where a pedestrian should feel safe crossing to the other side of the roadway. Regardless of what means of transportation each road user utilizes, sooner or later, he or she acts as a pedestrian. Thus, he or she becomes a potential victim of accidents that occur on Polish roads. A large proportion of accidents involving pedestrians occur at crosswalks, and proper signage, lighting, and traffic lights cannot always ensure pedestrian safety at a crossing. Many risks affect traffic safety. These include poor judgment on the part of the driver, failure to obey traffic laws, alcohol consumption, and poor weather conditions. Both the pedestrian and the driver of a vehicle can be victims or perpetrators of accidents. In order to prevent traffic hazards at pedestrian crossings, it is necessary to improve the following: the technical conditions of crossings, their markings, lighting, and the use of islands or footbridges. It is also necessary to conduct repeated educational activities among children, adolescents, and adults on the knowledge of traffic regulations. The purpose of the article is to present issues of road transport infrastructure based on the literature and to assess safety at selected pedestrian crossings in the city of Bielsko-Biala.
Zagreb Indices and Adjacency Matrices of Fuzzy Zero Divisor Graphs with MATLAB Based Algebraic Applications
Authors: Eryaşar Elif , SÖZEN ESRA ÖZTÜRK
Published: December 2024

This article aims to explore the theoretical properties of topological descriptors used in fuzzy graph theory, which combines elements of graph theory and fuzzy set theory, within algebraic structures. For this purpose, fuzzy Zagreb topological indices have been formulated theoretically and also adjacency matrices are constructed for the fuzzy zero-divisor graphs of the commutative ring Zn where n=pα , n=p1 p2 (p1 and p2 are primes). In particular, a SageMath-based drawing algorithm that embodies the fuzzy graph structures of the rings is presented for application-based convenience. Furthermore, a MATLAB-based code was created that directly calculates the Zagreb indices and adjacency matrices of the fuzzy zero-divisor graphs for every conceivable value of $n$. And thanks to this code, applications are included where we can calculate the characteristic polynomials, eigenvalues and graph energies of the fuzzy algebraic graphs we are working on.
AMS Classification: 05C25, 05C72, 05C09
Numerical and experimental investigation of ship performance and hull-propeller-rudder interaction of a twin-propeller/twin-rudder ship with different angle
Authors: Chen Weimin , Li Yongyue , Xing Lei , Zhang Li , Chang Xing
Published: December 2024

The change of rudder angle will change the surrounding flow field, resulting in different loads and interactions on the hull-propeller-rudder, which will affect the resistance and self-propulsion performance of the ship, and this effect will be amplified on the twin-propeller / twin-rudder ship. The CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) method is used to analyze the resistance of the ship-rudder at the rudder angle of 0 ° -8 °, the rudder lift, moment, axial wake, the rudder profile velocity vector at the propeller shaft height, and the dynamic pressure distribution on the inner and outer surfaces of the rudder. The resistance of the ship-rudder at different rudder angles is verified by the EFD(Experimental Fluid Dynamics) method. After installing the propeller, the self-propulsion performance of the hull-propeller-rudder with rudder angle of 0 ° -6 ° is calculated and analyzed by CFD method, and compared with the EFD results. The axial wake, the dynamic pressure on the surface of the propeller and rudder and the velocity vector near the rudder are analyzed, and the flow field and vorticity field of the hull-propeller-rudder are analyzed. The results show that : 1 ) When the ship-rudder is combined, the change of resistance is mainly reflected in the force change of the rudder in the flow field behind the stern. The CFD results show the same trend as the EFD results. When the rudder angle is 6 °, the total resistance of the ship-rudder is the smallest, and the resistance decreases by about 1%. 2 ) The change of rudder angle has little effect on the wake field in front, but it has a great influence on the flow field around the rudder, which in turn affects the resistance, lift and moment. 3 ) When the hull-propeller-rudder is combined, the self-propulsion performance is the best when the rudder angle is 4 °, and the self-propulsion power can decrease by about 4%. This is mainly due to the beneficial interaction between the propeller and the rudder. 4 ) The change of rudder angle has little effect on the surface pressure of the propeller, but it will slightly change the axial wake behind the propeller, and the surface dynamic pressure of the rudder is quite different. 5 ) When the rudder angle exceeds the optimal rudder angle of 4 °, the interaction between the hull-propeller-rudder becomes unfavorable, resulting in the chaos of the vorticity field and the overall performance degradation. For twin-propeller / twin-rudder, proper arrangement of rudder angle can effectively improve ship performance and achieve energy saving purpose.
Systematic Relationship Between Areal Extent and Population for Urban Areas in the USA
Authors: Lobo Jose , Ortman Scott , Bettencourt Luis
Published: December 2024

While the impact of population density on key urban attributes has received considerable research attention, the relationship between areal extent and population size remains less explored and largely undertheorized. In this study, we analyze the systematic relationship between the total area and population of urbanized areas, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau from 1950 to 2020. The delineated urban areas represent a long-standing effort to demarcate spaces where “urban life” takes place. Utilizing urban scaling theory, we characterize this relationship as a scale-invariant function of city population size, demonstrating that its predicted elasticity has remained consistent, within statistical uncertainty, over seven decades. We also examine the temporal variations in the prefactor of these scaling relationships in the context of technological changes. Our findings reveal that the predicted relationship between area and population size underscores the fact that urban areas are fundamentally social networks embedded within physical and infrastructural spaces.
Prediction model of intradialytic hypertension in hemodialysis patients based on machine learning
Authors: Zhou Hongming , Guo Qi , wang Kang , Zhang Xinzhou , Luo Yehua , Luan Shaodong , Tang Donge , Xu Mingzhi , Dong Jingjing , Yin Lianghong , Dai Yong , huang shengling
Published: December 2024

Objective: The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is escalating, particularly for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which has led to greater dependence on hemodialysis. This upswing exerts substantial strains on patient families and healthcare systems. A critical concern during hemodialysis is the emergence of Intradialytic Hypertension (IDH), which carries significant health risks. Delayed management of IDH can lead to severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. The aim of our study was to harness machine learning methodologies to develop a predictive algorithm for IDH, utilizing patient demographic data and dialysis records. Our model equips medical professionals with a robust predictive tool that enhances the detection of patients more susceptible to hypertension during dialysis, thereby advancing the pre-screening for individuals considered at increased risk.
Methods: This study developed two predictive models for IDH, named IDH-1 and IDH-2, by employing a suite of machine learning algorithms, namely the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and TabNet. IDH-1 is specifically engineered to provide immediate predictions of IDH risk prior to a hemodialysis session, utilizing records from the imminent pre-dialysis period combined with historical average dialysis data, whereas IDH-2 employs records from the current dialysis session along with historical average data to forecast the risk of IDH for the next hemodialysis session. The performance evaluation of the models utilized key metrics, including Area Under the Curve (AUC), recall, accuracy, and F1 score, which are crucial in determining the models' precision and reliability.
Results: This research analyzed data from 1,405 patients at Shenzhen People's Hospital over 185,125 dialysis sessions and 416 patients at Fuding City Hospital across 71,427 sessions. Data from Shenzhen served as the training set, while Fuding data comprised the test set, supporting the model development and validation process. In the IDH-1 models, the LGBM outperformed SVM and TabNet with an AUC of 0.87. LGBM achieved a recall of 0.73, an accuracy of 0.243, and an F1 score of 0.36. For IDH-2 models, LGBM maintained superior performance, with an AUC of 0.75, a recall of 0.56, an accuracy of 0.17, and an F1 score of 0.26. Predictor importance analysis for the LGBM algorithm identified pre-dialysis diastolic pressures, historical mean arterial pressure, and historical average IDH episodes as significant for the IDH-1 model. For the IDH-2 model, historical average IDH episodes and post-dialysis systolic pressures were most predictive.
Conclusions: This study's results highlight the significant potential of machine learning techniques in leveraging demographic and dialysis data to predict IDH in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Integration of Imaging-based and Sequencing-based Spatial Omics Mapping on the Same Tissue Section via DBiTplus
Authors: Fan Rong , Enninful Archibald , Zhang Zhaojun , Klymyshyn Dmytro , Zong Hailing , Bai Zhiliang , Farzad Negin , Su Graham , Baysoy Alev , Nam Jungmin , Yang Mingyu , Lu Yao , Zhang Nancy , Braubach Oliver , Xu Mina , Ma Zongming
Published: December 2024

Spatially mapping the transcriptome and proteome in the same tissue section can significantly advance our understanding of heterogeneous cellular processes and connect cell type to function. Here, we present Deterministic Barcoding in Tissue sequencing plus (DBiTplus), an integrative multi-modality spatial omics approach that combines sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics and image-based spatial protein profiling on the same tissue section to enable both single-cell resolution cell typing and genome-scale interrogation of biological pathways. DBiTplus begins with in situ reverse transcription for cDNA synthesis, microfluidic delivery of DNA oligos for spatial barcoding, retrieval of barcoded cDNA using RNaseH, an enzyme that selectively degrades RNA in an RNA-DNA hybrid, preserving the intact tissue section for high-plex protein imaging with CODEX. We developed computational pipelines to register data from two distinct modalities. Performing both DBiT-seq and CODEX on the same tissue slide enables accurate cell typing in each spatial transcriptome spot and subsequently image-guided decomposition to generate single-cell resolved spatial transcriptome atlases. DBiTplus was applied to mouse embryos with limited protein markers but still demonstrated excellent integration for single-cell transcriptome decomposition, to normal human lymph nodes with high-plex protein profiling to yield a single-cell spatial transcriptome map, and to human lymphoma FFPE tissue to explore the mechanisms of lymphomagenesis and progression. DBiTplusCODEX is a unified workflow including integrative experimental procedure and computational innovation for spatially resolved single-cell atlasing and exploration of biological pathways cell-by-cell at genome-scale.
Remodeling Tumor Microenvironment Using Prodrug nMOFs for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Dong Junliang , Ding Jindong , Luo Shifan , Li Ruoshui , Wang Yi , Xiao Bing , Pei Yuxin , Chen Xiaoyuan , Sun Wenjing , Pei Zhichao
Published: December 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) hold tremendous potential in cancer therapy due to their remarkable structural and functional adaptability, enabling them to serve as nanocarriers for biopharmaceuticals and nanoreactors for organizing cascade bioreactions. Nevertheless, MOFs are predominantly utilized as biologically inactive carriers in most cases. Developing nanoscale prodrug MOFs suitable for biomedical applications remains a huge challenge. In this study, we have designed a novel prodrug nano-MOFs (DCCMH) using metformin (Met) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) as ligands for coordination self-assembly with Cu2+, followed by loading of DOX and surface modification with HA. Upon internalization by cancer cells, DCCMH releases Cu2+, CHCA, Met, and DOX in response to high levels of GSH-H2O2 within the tumor microenvironment (TME); Cu2+ depletes GSH and generates Cu+ that subsequently catalyzes H2O2 to hydroxyl radical through a Fenton reaction; CHCA induces a further decrease in intracellular pH and promotes Fenton reactions by inhibiting lactate efflux; Met up-regulates tyrosine kinase activity and enhances the chemotherapy of DOX. With the abilities to synergistically combine chemo/chemodynamic therapy and remodel the TME, the DCCMH nMOFs inhibit murine hepatoma effectively. This study presents a feasible strategy for fabricating prodrug nano-MOFs which are capable of remodeling TME to improve efficacy through synergistic cancer therapy.
Layer 5 myelination gates corticothalamic coincidence detection
Authors: Kole Maarten , Jamann Nora , Montijn Jorrit , Petersen Naomi , Lokhorst Roeland , Burg Daan van den , Balemans Maayke , Driessens Stan , Heimel J.
Published: December 2024

Myelin is essential for rapid saltatory propagation of action potentials (APs) to decrease the temporal delays between distant brain regions. Whether myelination plays a role in the long-range computational processing of disparate inputs is not well understood. Using a cell-type specific approach with retrograde AAV targeting in the layer 5 (L5) Cre-driver mouse line (Rbp4-Cre), we studied optogenetically evoked L5 pyramidal neuron responses and made in vivo juxtacellular recordings to determine the spike transfer to the posteromedial nucleus (POm) of the thalamus. Cuprizone-induced demyelination caused milliseconds of temporal delays and jitter of conduction times as well as failures in the high-frequency burst code. Computational models of the corticothalamic projection pathway revealed that grey matter myelin loss alone sufficed to account for the failure in burst propagation. Finally, pairing optically evoked spikes with whisker stimulation demonstrated that L5–POm myelination is critical for gating coincidence detection in the thalamus.
Estimating the heritability of gut microbiota relative abundance in rabbits based on single- step genomic BLUP with accounting for the interdependencies
Authors: Chen Shi-Yi , Zhou Junkun , Tian Xinyang , Qin Yinghe , Deng Feilong , Lai Song-Jia , Jia Xianbo
Published: December 2024

Background
It has been well-known that animal gut microbiota is extensively involved in regulating host growth and health. Conversely, we still know less about the host genetic determination on gut microbiota composition. In the quantitative genetic framework, host genetic contribution to inter-individual variation of microbiota composition can be estimated using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) approaches and hence termed the microbial heritability. However, the BLUP estimates of microbial heritability may be biased as the taxonomic abundances are always expressed as relative proportions, which will lead to the interdependencies with each other.
Results
We used single-step genomic BLUP for estimating the heritability of gut microbiota relative abundance in rabbits that consisted of 1528 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of 16S rRNA gene. To address the interdependencies between the focal taxon and all remaining members, we directly fitted the background community as a random effect into the mixed linear model. Our results indicated the better fitting after including this random background community effect, which explained about 30% of the phenotype variance on average. Before and after including the background effect, 161 and 45 ASVs had the estimates of heritability greater than 0.05, respectively. Multiple of the 45 relatively high heritable ASVs were enriched in orders Bacteroidales (n = 11) and Oscillospirales (n = 9). Furthermore, there was no correlation between the heritability estimates of ASVs and their mean relative abundances.
Conclusions
We revealed some gut microbes in rabbits that are heritable on the compositional abundance, and provided a promising method to address the intrinsic interdependencies of relative abundance data for estimating heritability.
Anyonic Braiding in a Chiral Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Authors: Heiblum Moty , Ghosh Bikash , Labendik Maria , Musina Liliia , Umansky Vladimir , Mross David
Published: December 2024

Fractional quantum statistics are the defining characteristic of anyonic quantum states. Here, we present the observation of Anyonic interference and exchange phases in a novel co-propagating, 'optical-like,' Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (OMZI). Based on co-propagating interface modes, this architecture avoids backscattering and is free of charging effects that often plague the Fabry-Perot interferometer. Consequently, it exhibits a pristine and robust Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interference. At the filling factors ν = 1/3, 2/5, and 3/7, the observed AB flux periodicities: 3Φ0, 5Φ0, and 7Φ0, (Φ0 = h/e the flux quantum), agree with the fundamental fractionally charged excitations that correspond to Jain states. These flux periodicities depended only on the bulk topological order and not on the variety of tested interface modes for each bulk filling. To probe the Anyonic statistics, we positioned a small charged ‘top gate’ at the interferometer's center, allowing localized quasiparticles to be induced locally without modifying the AB phase of the interferometer. Being spatially isolated from the OMZI edge states, the observed quantized phase slips in the AB pajamas are purely quantum statistical effect. The magnitude of each phase slip corresponds to adding a fractional quasiparticle under the top gate. For ν = 1/3, their signs match theoretical expectations and prior FPI experiments, yet we observe systematic and unexpected deviations in the direction at ν = 2/5 and 3/7. The control over individual quasiparticles in this novel design will be essential for measuring the coveted non-Abelian statistics in the future.
Physical restoration of a painting with a digitally-constructed mask
Authors: Kachkine Alex
Published: December 2024

Conservation of damaged oil paintings requires manual inpainting of losses1,2, leading to months-long treatments of considerable expense: 70% of paintings in institutional collections are locked away from public view in part due to treatment cost3,4. Recent advancements in digital image reconstruction have helped envision treatment results, though without any direct means of achieving them5–8. Here we show the first physically-applied digital restoration of a painting, a highly-damaged oil-on-panel attributed to the Master of the Prado Adoration (MPA) from the late 15th century. In parallel, 5,612 losses spanning 66,205 mm2 and 57,314 colors are infilled with a reversible laminate mask comprising a color-accurate bilayer of printed pigments on polymeric films. To ensure restoration effectiveness, ethical principles in paintings conservation are implemented quantitatively for digital mask construction, a critically-important foundation lacking in current digital restoration literature. The infill process takes 3.5 hours, an estimated 66 times faster than conventional inpainting, with the result closely matching simulation. Our approach grants unprecedented foresight and flexibility to conservators, enabling the restoration of countless damaged paintings deemed unworthy of high conservation budgets.
Nature and reporting pattern of adverse drug reactions at the largest tertiary care teaching hospital in Qatar: A retrospective study
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Yousif Elhareth , Attia Sherif , Mohamed Kawthar , Abuazzab Mai , Salman Rana , Elbidairi Mutwakil
Published: December 2024

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting is pivotal for pharmacovigilance; however, global challenges such as under-reporting and low-quality data persist, impacting causality and preventability assessments. Standardized ADR documentation can enhance data reliability and improve medication safety. This study evaluates the incidence of ADR reporting and the quality of reports within Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) facilities in Qatar.Methods: A retrospective analysis of spontaneous ADR reports from January to December 2019 was conducted across 12 HMC hospitals. The quality of ADR reporting was assessed using a self-developed form based on an integrated ADR reporting format referenced from Cerner. ADR reports were evaluated for key characteristics such as patient demographics (age, sex, weight), suspected drugs, concomitant medications, reaction outcomes, and timeline of reactions and medications. Descriptive and comparative analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: During 2019, HMC admitted approximately 181,000 patients, in which 2062 ADR reports were recorded, with 90.3% submitted via Adhoc forms and 9.7% via powerchart. The ADR incidence was 11.4 per 1,000 hospital admissions, with pharmacists responsible for 61% of the reports, followed by nurses (32%) and physicians (4%). Critical data gaps were observed: 50% of reports lacked a reporting date, 78.1% lacked detailed ADR descriptions, and 78.9% omitted patient history. Of the reports,869 (42%) documented moderate reactions,7773 (37.5%) mild reactions and 180 (8.7%) severe reactions., resulting in an ADR incidence rate of 11.4 per 1,000 patients.Conclusion: The predominance of Adhoc reporting underscores compliance with HMC policies, with pharmacists playing a key role in ADR documentation. However, substantial data gaps were identified, highlighting the need for interventions to improve reporting quality. Standardizing ADR documentation practices can support pharmacovigilance efforts, optimize medication safety, and enhance the reliability of causality and preventability.
Substantiation of the Operating Parameters of Walnut Drying Equipment
Authors: Kaletnik Hryhorij , Tsurkan Oleg , Spirin Anatoly , Gudzenko Nataliya , Prysiazhniuk Dmytro , Didyk Andrii
Published: December 2024

The most important operation in walnut processing technology is drying to achieve the required moisture content. It is the most energy-consuming, and therefore, of course, there is an attempt to increase the energy efficiency of this process. Recent research and publications have shown many ways and means to dry nuts. According to the authors’ developments, the most effective are convective dryers, which can intensify the process by vibrating the material layer, which increases the heat transfer ratio. To determine the rational parameters of the drying process, a mathematical model was developed in which the nut is represented by a complex geometric shape – a sphere in a sphere, where the kernel is the inner sphere, and the shell is the outer sphere. The presence of harmful internal heat sources modeled the process of moisture removal. An equation was obtained in the criterion form that allowed temperature determination at an arbitrary point of the inner sphere at an arbitrary time depending on specific initial and boundary conditions, as well as the operating parameters of the drying process. The obtained mathematical model made it possible to reliably simulate the process of drying walnuts in a convective-vibration dryer and control the change in material temperature to ensure the high quality of the final product.
Aspectos bioecológicos de duas espécies de parasitoides da mosca minadora Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Authors:   , Sousa Marcia Mayara de
Published: December 2024

Para o uso de uma espécie de parasitoide em programas de controle biológico de mosca minadora, é importante estudar sua interação com o hospedeiro e outros inimigos naturais. Portanto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivos: (1) conhecer as interações entre Phaedrotoma scabriventris Nixon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) e Zaeucoila unicarinata Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) em larvas da mosca minadora Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) e o efeito dessas interações nos aspectos bioecológicos desses parasitoides; e (2) avaliar o efeito da alimentação no desempenho de P. scabriventris. As interações foram avaliadas por meio da exposição simultânea, sequencial e isolada do hospedeiro às duas espécies de parasitoides. O parasitismo isolado de P. scabriventris foi semelhante ao parasitismo de Z. unicarinata, mas quando os parasitoides foram utilizados simultaneamente, observou-se maior parasitismo total. Além disso, a mortalidade total de mosca minadora foi maior com a exposição simultânea. A proporção sexual da progênie F1 de ambas as espécies não foi afetada pelas interações interespecíficas. Nesse caso, quando utilizados simultaneamente, P. scabriventris e Z. unicarinata contribuem para um melhor controle de L. sativae. Para testar o efeito da alimentação nos aspectos bioecológicos de P. scabriventris, foram fornecidos: água destilada (como controle), mel diluído em água a 10%, mel diluído em água a 50%, mel a 100%, mel (90%) + azeite de oliva (10%) e mel (75%) + azeite de oliva (25%). A alimentação com mel + azeite reduziu a predação em comparação ao controle e ao fornecimento de apenas mel. Por outro lado, o fornecimento de mel a 50% aumentou o parasitismo, ao passo que mel + azeite o reduziu. Além disso, alimentação com mel a 50% aumentou a longevidade de fêmeas e machos do parasitoide. A proporção de machos foi maior em todos os tratamentos, com exceção da alimentação com mel a 10%, em que a proporção de machos e fêmeas foi igual. Na produção de P. scabriventris em laboratório, mel a 50% e mel a 10% são os alimentos mais adequados, em virtude da obtenção de maior parasitismo e maior razão sexual, respectivamente
Elicitores de resistência no manejo da podridão radicular em meloeiro: aspectos sanitários, fisiológicos e bioquímicos
Authors:   , Figueiredo Francisco Romário Andrade
Published: December 2024

O desempenho do meloeiro (Cucumis melo L.) vem sendo limitado pelas doenças radiculares em áreas produtoras de todo o mundo. Portanto, aumentar os níveis de resistência das plantas é uma estratégia viável para o manejo de doenças radiculares. Diante disso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de elicitores de resistência bióticos e abióticos, aplicados isoladamente ou combinados, no manejo da podridão radicular em meloeiro. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos: o primeiro, preliminar, foi realizado em canteiros de alvenaria, e o segundo experimento foi conduzido e repetido sob condições de campo. Os tratamentos que proporcionaram menor severidade da doença, no ensaio preliminar, foram selecionados para ensaios em campo. No experimento preliminar, o delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), com oito tratamentos, quatro repetições e seis plantas por repetição. Os tratamentos foram: ácido salicílico; ácido salicílico + Compost Aid®; Bion®; Bion® + Compost Aid®; Agro Mos®; Agro Mos® + Compost Aid®; Compost Aid® e controle absoluto (sem aplicação de elicitores). Os elicitores foram aplicados nas doses recomendadas pelos fabricantes. As variáveis analisadas foram a incidência e severidade da doença. No experimento em campo, utilizou-se o DBC, com cinco tratamentos, quatro repetições e oito plantas por repetição. Os tratamentos foram: padrão (Manejo adotado pela fazenda), Bion®, Compost Aid®, Bion® + Compost Aid® e controle absoluto. Foram avaliadas variáveis epidemiológicas, bioquímicas, produtividade e pós-colheita. A combinação Bion® + Compost Aid® reduziu a incidência da podridão radicular de meloeiro em 30,4% e a severidade em 44,1% em relação ao controle nas condições de canteiros. Nas condições de campo, comparado ao controle, as reduções da severidade foram de 23,1 e 37,6%, respectivamente. Os indutores Bion® + Compost Aid®, aplicados combinados, ativaram as defesas das plantas por meio do aumento da atividade das enzimas β-1,3-glucanase, quitinase, fenilalanina amônia-liase, catalase, peroxidase e polifenoloxidase, tendo influenciado positivamente na produtividade, sólidos solúveis, trocas gasosas e índices de clorofila
Voto adolescente: exame da campanha de incentivo ao alistamento eleitoral do TRE/SC (2022)
Authors: Santos Cristiano Lange dos , Custódio André Viana
Published: December 2024

O tema do artigo é a participação adolescente nos processos eleitorais brasileiros e as políticas de incentivo desenvolvidas pela Justiça Eleitoral, em especial o Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) e o Tribunal Regional Eleitoral de Santa Catarina (TRE/SC). O objetivo geral é examinar as transformações na participação de adolescentes brasileiros no processo eleitoral. Já os objetivos específicos são: i) examinar como as instituições públicas atuam para incentivar a participação de adolescentes nos processos eleitorais; ii) verificar como os programas de incentivo e campanhas desenvolvidos pelo Tribunal Superior Eleitoral tem impactado sobre o comportamento de adolescentes na emissão do título eleitoral e seus impactos nas taxas de abstenção eleitoral, em especial, o programa “Meu primeiro título #Boravotar” desenvolvido pelo Tribunal Regional Eleitoral (TRE/SC) de Santa Catarina.
O controle de convencionalidade como instrumento de proteção de Direitos Humanos indígenas
Authors: Santana Roselma Coelho , Silva Túlio Rosa e , Silva Verônica Felix da
Published: December 2024

Objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o controle de convencionalidade como instrumento de proteção de direitos humanos dos povos originários, tendo como paradigma a decisão da Corte Interamericana no caso Xucuru, a primeira condenação do Brasil na Corte Interamericana (CIDH) por violação de direitos indígenas, em 2018, em paralelo com a crise sanitária do Povo Yanomami, agravada pelo garimpo ilegal. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa foi a do método dedutivo e qualitativo. Quanto aos meios, a pesquisa foi bibliográfica, utilizando-se da doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência. Conclui- se que o controle de convencionalidade pode ser um importante instrumento de defesa contra a violação aos direitos humanos fundamentais, nacionais e internacionais previstos em defesa dos povos originários. Contudo o real enfrentamento dessa problemática exige maior compreensão do contexto histórico, político, social e cultural por trás dessas lutas, e perpassa pela necessidade de criação de mecanismos assecuratórios de maior efetividade às decisões da Corte, como a criação de políticas públicas de fiscalização mais intensa, evitando o cometimento de futuras violações por parte dos Estados partes.
Patrimônio rural em afetação: instituição sobre a pequena propriedade rural não explorada para subsistência familiar
Authors: Medeiros Henrique Rodrigues , Merida Carolina , Novais Fabrício Muraro
Published: December 2024

A pesquisa tem por tema o Patrimônio Rural em Afetação – PRA. O problema de pesquisa consiste em responder como compatibilizar a instituição do PRA sobre a pequena propriedade rural. A Lei 13.986/2020 foi idealizada como um marco legislativo que traria benefícios ao produtor rural, por meio da facilitação de crédito e redução das alíquotas de juros. Foi criado o PRA como uma nova espécie de garantia para fomentar as operações de crédito, porém os produtores rurais com áreas de até 4 módulos fiscais não foram contemplados com a utilização desse instrumento. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é investigar em que medida a instituição de PRA sobre imóveis com área de até 4 módulos fiscais continua proporcionando segurança jurídica ao credor. O método de investigação é dedutivo e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados apontam que a vedação da instituição do PRA sobre pequenas propriedades rurais busca garantir segurança jurídica ao credor para não ser surpreendido com eventual declaração de impenhorabilidade, obstaculizando a expropriação do imóvel em caso de inadimplemento. Ocorre que a impenhorabilidade deve ser considerada não apenas em razão do tamanho da área, mas também avaliar o regime de exploração do imóvel.
O conceito de empresa na sociedade digitalizada: referência às Fintech's
Authors: Veiga Fábio da Silva
Published: December 2024

O objetivo do trabalho é apresentar um conceito geral de empresa na sociedade digitalizada, demonstrando que a transcendência das empresas ao uso da tecnologia na oferta de bens e serviços é uma característica que assimila novos conceitos, mas do mesmo modo, está dependente de conceitos jurídicos clássicos na forma de regulação de empresas. Como exemplo desta transcendência no âmbito dos negócios, oferece-se uma introdução ao significado atual no mercado e na indústria financeira do termo «tecnologia financeira» (FinTech), sua origem e seu valor para mudar o sistema financeiro. Em continuidade, far-se-á a explanação dos fatores que impulsionam e os que travam o crescimento do fenómeno FinTech, comentando-se os estudos de alcance global mais recentes sobre a magnitude e significado dessa expansão, e seu impacto sobre os mercados financeiros e o comportamento dos consumidores das atividades bancárias tradicionais, realizando-se algumas considerações para o caso particular de Espanha, especialmente os possíveis modelos de [auto]regulação.
A Machine Learning-Based Multi-Model Approach for Predicting Post-Deep Brain Stimulation Outcomes in Alzheimer’s disease Patients
Authors: Thakur Gopal Kumar , Kulkarni Shridhar , Raguru Jaya Krishna , Tayubi Iftikhar Aslam , Rao P Srinivasa , Mudarakola Lakshmi Prasad , Reddy P Chandra Shaker
Published: December 2024

Objectives and Background:

Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) is a demonstrated rehabilitation
for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), regularly resulting in an upgrade of engine work. In any
case, some unfortunate incidental upshots can occur past DBS, which can deteriorate the patient's
satisfaction. In this way, the medical group must painstakingly choose patients over whom to perform
DBS. In the past, there have been a few endeavors to associate pre-usable information and
DBS experimental results, generally centered on engine symptomatology.

Objectives & Methodology:

A machine learning (ML)-based strategy called a multimodel pipeline
alluded to as FlowModel is designed and implemented to anticipate an enormous number of DBS
medical results for AD. It is composed of a patented Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for processing
medical data, using a conventional image handling technique to extract morphological biomarkers
from T1 imaging, and employing a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to perform regressions.
We authenticated it in 256 AD patients who underwent DBS.

Results:

The FlowModel demonstrated high predictive precision, achieving a correlation coefficient
of as high as 0.82 and successfully predicting 63 out of 84 clinical outcome scores. Importantly,
FlowModel outperformed traditional linear models, demonstrating the capability to learn effectively
from preoperative data alone.

Conclusion:

The uniqueness of this study lies in its ability to predict multiple clinical outcomes
across different modalities, independent of stimulation parameters. The introduction of this ML
pipeline contributes to the precision medicine landscape by providing a robust, data-driven tool to
select patients for DBS, potentially improving clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
Unveiling the Potency: Synthesis and Assessment of Antimicrobial Potential of Some Bis(indolyl)methane Derivatives
Authors: Boruah Aditi , Basumatary Devi , Rahman Iftakur , Pathak Bandita , Borah Jagat Chandra , Baruah Pranjal K.
Published: December 2024

Background:

The urgent need for new antimicrobial compounds arises from the growing threat of multidrug-resistant human pathogens responsible for infectious diseases. The indole moiety, a prevalent heterocyclic ring system found in nature, is a key structural element in many pharmaceutical agents due to its wide range of biological activities. Bis(in-dolyl)methanes, in particular, have emerged as promising candidates for antibacterial activ-ity.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of nine bis(indolyl)methane derivatives against a range of pathogenic bacterial strains responsible for various human diseases.

Methods:

The compounds were synthesized using a solvent-free method, and their antibac-terial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory con-centration (MIC) of the active compounds identified in the disk diffusion assay was deter-mined by the microtiter broth dilution method in 96-well microtiter plates. Bacterial strains in the mid-log phase of growth were utilized. Bacterial suspensions equivalent to 0.5 McFar-land standards were prepared by suspending the bacterial inoculum in sterile water. A work-ing concentration of 100 μg/mL was achieved by diluting the test compounds in 100% DMSO.

Results:

The antimicrobial activity of nine synthetic compounds was evaluated against nine medically significant pathogenic strains. These include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Shigella flexneri, known for producing toxins that cause acute foodborne ill-nesses, as well as Escherichia coli K12 and Enterococcus faecalis, which can disrupt the intestinal barrier in immunocompromised individuals. The results suggest that these com-pounds have the potential to be effective antimicrobial agents.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrate the promising antimicrobial activity of the synthe-sized compounds, with 1-ethyl-3-((1-ethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-1H-indole emerging as the most potent, significantly inhibiting most tested bacterial strains. These results highlight the potential for developing novel compounds for antibacterial treatment.
A Real-Time Intrusion Detection System for Enhancing Cybersecurity in Robotic Systems
Authors: Verma Narinder , Kumar Neerendra
Published: December 2024

Background:

The increasing integration of robotic systems across various sectors
has highlighted the critical need for robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard these systems
against cyber threats.

Objective:

This research presents a novel Real-Time Intrusion Detection System (IDS) framework
specifically designed to enhance the cybersecurity of robotic systems.

Methods:

The proposed IDS framework monitors network traffic and continuously identifies
potential threats in real time. A testbed is set up using an AlphaBot robotic device and a server
machine to perform experiments under both normal and attack conditions. Network traffic data
is captured in real-time using tools like Wireshark, generating raw datasets from actual data exchanges
between the robotic device and the server. The dataset undergoes preprocessing, including
feature extraction, data cleaning, and normalization. This processed dataset is then used
to train machine learning algorithms, such as Decision Trees, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Random
Forest, designed to identify patterns distinguishing between normal and malicious activities.

Results:

The IDS framework is tested on the AlphaBot robotic device and server machine,
demonstrating effective results in real-world conditions. The system achieved an accuracy rate
of 96.61% in distinguishing between normal and attack traffic, highlighting its robustness and
practicality.

Conclusion:

The proposed real-time IDS framework shows promise in enhancing the cybersecurity
of robotic systems by effectively identifying potential threats in real time.
Total Anti-oxidant Capacity and Immunosuppressive Drug Blood Levels after Kidney Transplantation: A Patent Perspective
Authors: Tolou-Ghamari Zahra
Published: December 2024

Background:

It is well known that acute or chronic kidney injury could be due to free
radicals and pro-oxidants. This investigation aimed to monitor tacrolimus or cyclosporine blood
trough levels and anti-oxidant capacity after kidney transplantation. Methods: There was no intervention
in the routine management of transplant recipients. The sample size (n=70) included
healthy individuals and kidney-transplanted recipients (n=25 on tacrolimus and n=10 on cyclosporine).
The study population was matched for age. The attained information was examined by
using the Statistical Package (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The significance level was considered
as P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

In healthy individuals, the mean ± SD for the capacity of antioxidants was 91.9 ± 16.6
(u/ml), which was significantly higher when compared to the mean value of 28.5 ± 22.6 (u/ml)
versus 24.7 ± 25.5 (u/ml), kidney recipients with tacrolimus versus cyclosporine (P ≤ 0.04) as
immunosuppressive drugs. The mean value of tacrolimus levels was 14.6 ± 6.4 (ng/ml). The
correlation between tacrolimus and cyclosporine trough levels and anti-oxidant capacity was
0.19 (P ≤ 0.14). There were no significant differences regarding age in cases and controls (P ≤
42).

Conclusion:

This study showed that the capacity of anti-oxidants in kidney transplant recipients,
those on tacrolimus or cyclosporine, might be lower than in healthy individuals. Subsequent
investigations are recommended to delve into the therapeutic consequences of the influence
of antioxidant therapies on the clinical outcomes of transplanted recipients.

conclusion:

Worldwide, our study is the first that showed that TAOC in kidney transplanted recipient was lower than controls