bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Regional Climate Models Using Regionally Optimized GRACE Mascons in the Amery and Getz Ice Shelves Basins, Antarctica
Authors: Mohajerani Yara , Velicogna Isabella , Rignot Eric
Published: November 2019

We develop regionally optimized Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) solutions to evaluate the mass balance of the drainage basins of Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, and Getz Ice Shelf, West Antarctica. We find that the Amery region is near balance, while the Getz region is rapidly losing mass. We compare the results with the mass budget method (MBM) combining ice discharge along the periphery with surface mass balance derived from three regional climate models: (1) Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO) 2.3p1 and (2) 2.3p2, and (3) Modèle Atmosphérique Régional 3.6.41. For Amery, MBM/RACMO2.3p1 agrees with GRACE, while MBM/RACMO2.3p2 and MBM/MAR3.6.41 suggest a positive mass balance. For Getz, all estimates agree with a mass loss and the GRACE results are robust to uncertainties in glacial isostatic adjustment derived from an ensemble 128,000 forward models. Over the period April 2002 to November 2015, the mass loss of the Getz drainage basin is 22.9 ± 10.9 Gt/yr with an acceleration of 1.6 ± 0.9 Gt/yr2.
Midlatitude Southern Hemisphere Temperature Change at the End of the Eocene Greenhouse Shortly Before Dawn of the Oligocene Icehouse
Authors: Haiblen A. M. , Opdyke B. N. , Roberts A. P. , Heslop D. , Wilson P. A.
Published: November 2019

The Eocene‐Oligocene transition (EOT) marked the initiation of large‐scale Antarctic glaciation. This fundamental change in Cenozoic climate state is recorded in deep‐sea sediments by a rapid benthic foraminiferal δ18O increase and appearance of ice‐rafted debris in the Southern Ocean. However, we know little about the magnitude of cooling associated with the EOT in shallow water environments, particularly at middle to high latitudes. Here we present new stratigraphic records of the C13r/C13n magnetochron boundary and the EOT in the clay‐rich Blanche Point Formation, South Australia. The Blanche Point Formation was deposited in a shallow shelf setting (water depths of <100 m) at a paleolatitude of ~51°S. We present high‐resolution δ18O, δ13C, and Mg/Ca records of environmental change from well‐preserved benthic foraminifera of latest Eocene age at this site. A marked, negative δ13C excursion occurs immediately before EOT Step 1 and may be a globally representative signal. An ~2 °C cooling of shallow shelf seawater is evident from benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca across Step 1. This cooling signal is both sufficient to account fully for the δ18O increase in our data and is of similar amplitude to that documented in published records for shallow shelf and upper water column open ocean settings, which suggests no obvious polar amplification of this cooling signal. Our results strengthen the evidence base for attributing EOT Step 1 to global cooling with little contribution from ice volume growth and contradict the mechanism suggested to explain the inferred northward migration of the intertropical convergence zone in the contemporaneous equatorial Pacific Ocean.
Dr. Robert C. Thunell: A 40‐Year Career of Outstanding Science, Service, and Education in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
Authors: Tedesco K. , Tappa E. , Benitez‐Nelson C. , Black D. , Christensen B. , Corliss B. , Goni M. , Lorenzoni L. , McConnell M. , Osborne E. , Pride C. , Sautter L. , Umling N.
Published: November 2019

Key Points

Introduction to special issue
Key features and homing properties of NK cells in the liver are shaped by activated iNKT cells
Authors: Trittel Stephanie , Chambers Benedict J. , Heise Ulrike , Guzmán Carlos A. , Riese Peggy
Published: November 2019

The contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to the clearance of hepatic viral infections is well recognized. The recently discovered heterogeneity of NK cell populations renders them interesting targets for immune interventions. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells represent a key interaction partner for hepatic NK cells. The present study addressed whether characteristics of NK cells in the liver can be shaped by targeting iNKT cells. For this, the CD1d-binding pegylated glycolipid αGalCerMPEG was assessed for its ability to modulate the features of NK cells permanently or transiently residing in the liver.In vivoadministration resulted in enhanced functionality of educated and highly differentiated CD27+Mac-1+NK cells accompanied by an increased proliferation. Improved liver homing was supported by serum-derived and cellular factors. Reduced viral loads in a mCMV infection model confirmed the beneficial effect of NK cells located in the liver upon stimulation with αGalCerMPEG. Thus, targeting iNKT cell-mediated NK cell activation in the liver represents a promising approach for the establishment of liver-directed immune interventions.
Harnessing Paleohydrologic Modeling to Solve a Prehistoric Mystery
Authors: Levy Yehuda , Goring-Morris Nigel A. , Yechieli Yoseph , Burg Avihu , Gvirtzman Haim
Published: November 2019

A riddle arises at the Epipaleolithic and Neolithic sites that dot the lower Jordan Valley. The area has no water resources yet it has long been a focus of inquiry into the transition from mobile hunter-gatherer to sedentary agriculture-based cultures. How then is there such clear evidence of life here, and particularly at such a critical moment in human evolution? Keen to unravel this conundrum, a numerical hydrological model was devised to simulate the groundwater flow field within the Eastern Aquifer of the Judea and Samaria Mountains during the transition from the last glacial to the current interglacial. The model exhibits a range of groundwater flow regimes that prevailed in the past, demonstrating that there was once much larger groundwater discharge at these sites.
“Vanishing mass” in the Sauerbrey world: quartz crystal microbalance study of self-assembled monolayers based on a tripod-branched structure with tuneable molecular flexibility
Authors: Kravchenko Sergii , Snopok Boris
Published: November 2019

Complex loadings that appear on a surface with flexible spatial organisation can reveal anti-Sauerbrey behaviour due to their variable interfacial architecture even for an ultrathin monomolecular sensitive layer.
Optically-controlled supramolecular self-assembly of an antibiotic for antibacterial regulation
Authors: Fu Xuancheng , Bai Haotian , Qi Ruilian , Zhao Hao , Peng Ke , Lv Fengting , Liu Libing , Wang Shu
Published: November 2019

A new supramolecular photo-responsive antibiotic (azobenzene-norfloxacin/αCD) exhibited a higher “on–off” ratio of antibacterial ability than Azo-Nor alone.
Template-free fabrication of single-crystalline calcite nanorings during crystal growth in water
Authors: Kezuka Yuki , Yoshida Maya , Tajika Masahiko
Published: November 2019

Formation of a calcite nanoring with a single cavity was confirmed during its crystal growth in an aqueous system.
Correction: Modeling the electrical double layer to understand the reaction environment in a CO2 electrocatalytic system
Authors: Bohra Divya , Chaudhry Jehanzeb H. , Burdyny Thomas , Pidko Evgeny A. , Smith Wilson A.
Published: November 2019

Correction for ‘Modeling the electrical double layer to understand the reaction environment in a CO2 electrocatalytic system’ by Divya Bohra et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9ee02485a.
Autoxidation: catalyst-free route to silicone rubbers by crosslinking Si–H functional groups
Authors: Wong Michael Y. , Schneider Alyssa F. , Lu Guanhua , Chen Yang , Brook Michael A.
Published: November 2019

Catalyst-free oxidation of HSi-containing silicone oils at elevated temperatures reliably produces silicone elastomers.
Degassed micromolding lithography for rapid fabrication of anisotropic hydrogel microparticles with high-resolution and high uniformity
Authors: Kim Hyeon Ung , Lim Yong Jun , Lee Hyun Jee , Lee Nak Jun , Bong Ki Wan
Published: November 2019

Degassed micromolding lithography is developed to load precursors into the micromold regardless of the wettability and synthesize homogeneous hydrogel microparticles.
A model compound for pyridinechalcone-based multistate systems. Ring opening-closure as the slowest kinetic step of the multistate
Authors: Camuenho Ambrósio , Jorge Parola A. , Alejo-Armijo Alfonso , Pandian Ramesh , Gomes Clara S. B. , Laia César A. T. , Pina Fernando
Published: November 2019

Amino-substituted pyridinechalcones configure multistate systems where a new type of flavylium derivative with potential biological activity are present.
The effect of cation exchange resin treatment of grape must on the chemical and sensory characteristics of base wines for sparkling wine
Authors: Cisilotto Bruno , Rossato Simone Bertazzo , Ficagna Evandro , Wetzstein Luísa Carolina , Gava Angelo , Mion Gugel Gisele , Longaray Delamare Ana Paula , Echeverrigaray Sergio
Published: November 2019

Ion exchange resins are polymers with high physical and chemical stability, which, upon activation, acquire positive charge (H+) ions which interchange with existing cations during musts or wines treatment. The chemical composition of the grape must, and wines are highly affected by said modifications. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the cationic resin treatments on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of base white wines for sparkling wine production. Thus for, Chardonnay must was exposed to a cation exchange resin specific for oenological usage, and fermented to obtain wines. Resulting wines included an untreated control sample with pH 3.15 and treated samples with pH 3.08, 3.02 and 2.97. Physicochemical and volatile compounds analyses as well as quantitative sensory evaluations were conducted. The results showed that, on the scenarios tested, treatments with cationic resins before fermentation resulted in wine with higher oxidative stability, with significative variation on the concentration of several volatile compounds that influenced organoleptic perceptions.
Tests of changes in the resistance of heating water flow in the home heating system
Authors: Ciupek Bartosz , Judt Wojciech , Urbaniak Rafał
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of experimental research on the change of resistance of heating water flow in the home heating system under the influence of boiler work configuration changes. For the tests was used the research object in the form of a solid fuel heating boiler with automatic fuel feeding. The research facility was installed in an open-type heating network designed to reproduce the layout of the house heating system. During the tests, boiler operation was simulated for a few selected thermal loads most often found in individual heating. During the tests, the boiler worked with the power of: 10%, 30%, 50%, 80% and 100% of nominal boiler power. For each of the selected options, a series of flow resistance measurements were made using a U-type liquid manometer tube made by researchers. The obtained results of experimental research can be used as an aid in the case of designing home heating networks equipped with a solid fuel boiler.
Performance Analysis and Tube Inlet Orifice Length Evaluation of a Once–Through Steam Generator
Authors: Sik Han Hun , Kang Han-Ok , Yoon Juhyeon , Kim Young In , Bae Youngmin , Kim Sang Ji
Published: November 2019

A numerical study is conducted for performance analysis and secondary side screw-type tube inlet orifice design of a once–through steam generator (OTSG). Various tube plugging conditions and power levels are considered, and the secondary coolant flow rate is adjusted to maintain a constant thermal power. Comprehensive numerical solutions are acquired to evaluate the OTSG thermal–hydraulic performance and minimum orifice length under various operating conditions. The OTSG performance is analyzed according to the tube plugging condition in terms of the OTSG thermal power, steam outletsuperheat degree, and secondary coolant pressure drop. The results obtained show that a constant thermal power canbe maintained by properly adjusting the secondary coolant flow rate with a variation ofthe steam outlet superheat degree and secondary coolant pressure drop when the OTSG operates at high power level. The required minimum orifice length to suppress the flow oscillation below the allowablelevelis evaluated. The lowest power level results in the highest minimum orifice length, and non-plugging condition provides a limiting case for the orifice length criterion.
Analysis of combustion, heat and fluid flow in a biomass furnace
Authors: Pfeiffelmann Björn , Diederich Michael , Gül Fethi , Cemal Benim Ali , Hamberger Andreas , Heese Markus
Published: November 2019

A waste wood burning boiler with 200kW thermal power is investigated by experiments and numerically. Temperature measurements are performed in the furnace and in the heat exchanger sectionsin the downstream. Exit exhaust gas composition is also measured. Flow, heat transfer and combustion in the furnace, and forced convection on the water side are numerically analyzed. The water side calculations are used to obtain boundary conditions for the furnace by heat transfer coefficients. For validating the adopted mathematical/numerical formulation, the predictions are compared with measurements.A satisfactory agreement between the predictions and measurements is observed, confirming the validity of the applied computational procedures.
Transient behavior of a plate-fin-and-tube heat exchanger taking into account different heat transfer coefficients on the individual tube rows
Authors: Taler Dawid , Taler Jan , Wrona Katarzyna
Published: November 2019

Experimental studies of multi-row plate-fin heat exchangers show that the highest average heat transfer coefficient on the air side occurs in the first row of tubes when the air velocity in front ofthe exchanger is less thanapproximately 3.5 m/s. In the subsequent rows of tubes up to about the fourth row the heat transfer coefficient decreases. In the fifth and further rows, it can be assumed that the heat transfer coefficient is equal in each tube row. It is necessary to find the relationships fortheair–side Nusselt number on each tube row to design a plate–fin and tube heat exchanger(PFTHE) with the appropriate number of tube rows. The air–side Nusselt number correlations canbe determined experimentally or by CFD modeling (Computational and Fluid Dynamics). The paper presents a newmathematical model of the transient operation of PFTHE, considering that the Nusselt numbers on the air side of individual tube rows are different. The heat transfer coefficient on an analyzed tube row was determined from the equality condition of mass– average air temperature differences on agiven tube row determined using the analytical formula and CFD modeling. The results of numerical modelingwere compared with the results of the experiments.
Experimental investigation on effect of helical grooves on condensation heat transfer performance of vertically oriented copper tubes
Authors: Abraham Jyothish , G Venugopal , M R Rajkumar
Published: November 2019

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the influence of pitch of helical grooves on condensation heat transfer performance on vertically oriented copper tubes. The condensation heat transfer coefficient of bare as well as grooved copper tubes of various pitches ranging from 2.54 mm to 22.4mm were studied. The investigation revealed that copper tube with groove pitch ≤ 6.35 mm has an adverse effecton the heat transfer performance in comparison to bare copper. The helical groove with pitch > 6.35 mm showed improvement in heat transfer coefficient. The helical groove with pitch 8.47 mm showed a maximum enhancement of 68.4% in condensation heat transfer coefficient at ∆T = 40°C.
Comparative Study for the Prediction of Cavitating Flow inside a Square-Edged Orifice using Different Commercial CFD Software
Authors: Lee Gong-Hee , Bae June-Ho
Published: November 2019

Nuclear power plant operators conduct in-service testing (IST) to verify the safety functions of safety–related pumps and valves and to monitor the degree of vulnerability over time during reactor operation. The system to which the pump and valve to be tested are installed has various sizes of orificesfor flow control and decompression. Rapid flow acceleration and accompanying pressure drop may cause cavitation inside the orifice, which may result in orifice degradation and structural damage. Though licensing applications supported by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software are gradually increasing for IST–related problems, there is no CFD software which obtains a licensing from the domestic regulatory body until now. In this paper, to assess the prediction performance of different commercialCFD software for the analysis of cavitating flow inside a square–edged orifice, the simulation was conducted with ANSYS CFX and FLUENT R18.1. The results predicted were then compared with the measured data.
The effect of microstructure on self-propelled droplet jumping
Authors: Yuan Zhiping , Gao Sihang , Hu Zhifeng , Wu Xiaomin
Published: November 2019

The coalescence-induced droplet jumping on superhydrophobic surfaces has attracted considerable attention over the past several years. Most of the studies on droplet jumping mainly focus the droplet jumping on almost flat surfaces or ignore the effect of the microstructure. However, the microstructure often exists on superhydrophobic surfaces, and this effect remains little noticed and poorly understood. In this work, a simulation is carried out to investigate the effect of microstructure on droplet jumping. The microstructure with a similar scale to the jumping droplet on superhydrophobic will affect the jumping direction. The microstructure will improve the jumping velocity and change the jumping direction of the droplet. This work will provide effective guidelines for the design of functional SHSs with controlled and enhanced droplet jumping for a wide range of industrial applications.
Numerical study on the thermohydraulic performance of a reciprocating room temperature active magnetic regenerator
Authors: El Achkar Georges , Liu Bin , Bennacer Rachid
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the thermohydraulic performance of a reciprocating room temperature active magnetic regenerator (AMR), with gadolinium (Gd) particles used as a magnetocaloric material (MCM) and water used as a working fluid, was numerically investigated. A two-dimensional transient flow model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics, in order to determine the water flow distribution in two AMRs of cross and parallel Gd particles distributions for different water inlet velocities of 0.06 m.s-1, 0.08 m.s-1 , 0.1 m.s-1 and 0.12 m.s-1. The Gd particles have a radius of 1.5 mm and a distance from one another of 0.9 mm. Based on the simulations results of the first model, a two-dimensional transient coupled flow and heat transfer model was then developed using COMSOL Multiphysics, in order to characterise the convective heat transfer in the AMR of cross Gd particles distribution for the same water inlet velocities.
Large eddy simulation of high atwood number rayleigh-taylor mixing
Authors: Yilmaz Ilyas
Published: November 2019

Large eddy simulation of Rayleigh-Taylor instability at high Atwood numbers is performed using recently developed, kinetic energy-conserving, non-dissipative, fully-implicit, finite volume algorithm. The algorithm does not rely on the Boussinesq assumption. It also allows density and viscosity to vary. No interface capturing mechanism is requried. Because of its advanced features, unlike the pure incompressible ones, it does not suffer from the loss of physical accuracy at high Atwood numbers. Many diagnostics including local mole fractions, bubble and spike growth rates, mixing efficiencies, Taylor micro-scales, Reynolds stresses and their anisotropies are computed to analyze the high Atwood number effects. The density ratio dependence for the ratio of spike to bubble heights is also studied. Results show that higher Atwood numbers are characterized by increasing ratio of spike to bubble growth rates, higher speeds of bubble and especially spike fronts, faster development in instability, similarity in late time mixing values, and mixing asymmetry.
Numerical Investigation into the effects of obstacles on heavy gas dispersions in the atomsphere
Authors: Alakalabi Abdullah , Liu Weiming
Published: November 2019

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is applied to investigate heavy gas dispersion in the atmosphere, under the action of wind. Because of the effect of buoyancy, steady double peaks of the heavy gas concentrations in the downstream area are observed from the numerical results. The double peaks of the concentrations are a special pattern of heavy gas dispersion, which cannot be found in the neutral gas dispersions. Four types of obstacles are placed behind the leakage source to study the influences of these obstacles to the heavy gas dispersions. The numerical results show the detailed shapes and other contents of the heavy clouds under the obstacles.
Selected cases of heat transfer phenomena on the shock waves in atmospheric air
Authors: Wilk Andrzej , Dykas Slawomir
Published: November 2019

The content of water vapour, liquid water or ice in a dispersed form in the atmospheric air is very common and it might affect the aerodynamic characteristics, especially in the transonic or supersonic flow regime. In the paper, special attention was paid to identifying the heat transfer phenomena appearing on a transition from sub- to supersonic, and vice versa flow regime. The in-house CFD code was employed for performing the numerical analysis. The CFD calculations were carried out for the geometry of the straight channel with a bump as well as blade-to-blade channel for different boundary conditions, ratio of outlet static pressure to inlet total pressure. The numerical results showed a clear dependence of the sonic region and wetness mass fraction formation.
Validation Methods of Geometric 3D-CityGML Data for Urban Wind Simulations
Authors: Saeedrashed Younis Saida , Benim Ali Cemal
Published: November 2019

Validation of the geometric data such as 3D city model is quite crucial for simulation tasks, since the simulation process strongly correlates to the quality of geometric data being meshed. Validation methodology and healing of the 3D city models using different tools are presented. The most common inherited geometrical errors are checked and analyzed. Accordingly, an appropriate healing process to the case study is performed, which illustrates that the required closed solids and closed shells are obtained within the geometrical structures of the 3D city model being processed. Also, in this paper we compare some related open source and commercial software tools for the validation and healing process. It is noticed that they differ from each other in performing the required healing process. Some of them are quite good in healing specific errors, whereas not successful in healing the rest of errors. The goal of the paper is to obtain more understanding of the geometric validation and healing capabilities of various software tools, and the qualities of generated meshes, to lead to more effective and reliable simulations in the field of urban wind flow simulation.
The numerical simulation of compressible jet at low Reynolds number using OpenFOAM
Authors: Epikhin Andrey , Kraposhin Matvey , Vatutin Kirill
Published: November 2019

The paper presents an analysis of various approaches for calculation gas-dynamic parameters and acoustic perturbations generated by a compressible jet at low Reynolds number (M = 0.9, Re = 3600). The jet flow parameters at selected conditions are well studied and can be used for validation of the numerical methods and schemes. The OpenFOAM software package with various approaches (solvers) such as pimpleCentralFoam, dbnsTurbFoam and new QGDFoam solver based on QGD-algorithms are considered. The results of time-averaged flow parameters and acoustic properties are compared with the experimental data. To determine the acoustic perturbation the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings analogy implemented in our OpenFOAM library (libAcoustic) has been used.
Development of Mathematical Algorithm for Seismoacoustic Signals Identification Using Local Geomechanical Control Means
Authors: Gladyr Andrey , Konstantinov Alexander , Tereshkin Andrey , Miroshnikov Vladimir
Published: November 2019

This article reviews a creating of algorithm for the automatic seismoacoustic signals identification. The developed algorithm will be part of the software multi-channel device. The useful signals detection problem from the geomechanical state data stream is solved by determining the moments of impulses beginning and ending. The initial moment of time is determined using fast and slow exponential moving averages, used to smooth out data variations and the characteristic signal-to-noise ratio. The moving average method is used in conjunction with an adaptive threshold, which improves the accuracy of determining the initial moment and takes into account the noise. The last time instant of the useful signal is detected with the help of a cumulative envelope. The time of impulse beginning detection is calculated and terminated when the threshold value is reached. The developed mathematical algorithm allows to identify seismoacoustic signals with sufficient accuracy and is an undemanding hardware resource of the device that allows using it in real time.
Analysis of activation features of geodynamic processes and formation of impact hazard at Nikolaevsk deposit
Authors: Sidlyar Aleksandr , Saksin Boris , Potapchuk Marina , Usikov Vitaliy , Lo-mov Mikhail
Published: November 2019

Based on the results of a joint analysis of seismic-acoustic monitoring data and the geological and structural features of the Niko-laevsk deposit, the main regularities of the formation of technogenic stress fields that determine its impact hazard have been identified. Additionally, using the method of mathematical modeling, a study was done of the stress-strain state of the rock mass taking into account the tectonically ac-tive fault TD-3 and safety measures were proposed to reduce the impact hazard of the rock mass at the Nikolaevsk deposit.
The research of burst hazard of the rocks massif of Rasvumchorr mineral deposit according to seismoacoustic monitoring
Authors: Rasskazov Maksim , Gladyr Andrei , Tereshkin Andrei , Rasskazova Anna , Tsoy Denis , Konstantinov Alexander
Published: November 2019

Results of geomechanical research of burst hazard of the rock mass of Rasvumchorr mineral deposit with application of measuring complex are presented in the paper. Measuring complex includes the automated seismoacoustic system of rock pressure control "Prognoz-ADS" and the local geoacoustic device "Prognoz L". The measuring complex was developed in Mining Institute of the Far Eastern branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. Measurements and the analysis of parameters of the seismoacoustic events reflecting geomechanical processes in the developed massif is the basis for estimation of rock massif burst hazard.
Stability, spatial extension and extinction of an electric arc in aeronautical conditions of pressure under 540 V DC
Authors: Landfried Romaric , Boukhlifa Mohamed , Leblanc Thierry , Teste Philippe , Andrea Jonathan
Published: November 2019

This work deals with the characterization of DC electric arcs in aeronautical conditions of pressure (from 104 Pa to 105 Pa). Observations have been made with the help of a high speed camera and various characteristics of electric arc under 540 V DC have been studied: the stability arc length, the extinction gap, the arc duration and the mean energy dissipated in the arc. The arc current intensity range is 10–100 A. The obtained results show that the arc stability length, extinction electrode gap, arc duration and energy dissipation in the arc have a direct correlation with the pressure and the current in the circuit.
Klare Aufgabenteilung – Ergotherapeutische Organisationen in Europa
Authors: Janssen Christina
Published: November 2019

Vom europäischen Ergotherapieverband COTEC hatte ergopraxis-Mitherausgeberin Christina Janssen schon öfter gehört. Welche Aufgaben er und andere Organisationen wie das Netzwerk für Studierende und Lehrende an Hochschulen (ENOTHE) aber genau haben, war nie ganz klar. Bei den COTEC-Vorstandsmitgliedern Stephanie Saenger und Eva Denysiuk hat sie sich schlau gemacht und eine Übersicht erstellt.
Effects of the photogenerated excess carriers on the thermal and elastic properties of n-type silicon excited with a modulated light source: Theoretical analysis
Authors: Markushev D. K. , Markushev D. D. , Aleksić S. , Pantić D. S. , Galović S. , Todorović D. M. , Ordonez-Miranda J.
Published: November 2019

The photogenerated excess carriers’ influence on the temperature distribution and thermoelastic photoacoustic signals of n-type silicon excited with a light source of modulated intensity is theoretically investigated for modulation frequencies ranging from 1 to 107 Hz. This is done by comparing the amplitude and the phase of the temperature and photoacoustic signals with and without the presence of excess carriers, giving special attention to the presence of characteristic peaks of the amplitude ratios and phase differences between the signals at the front and rear sample surfaces. It is shown that these peaks can be understood as the fingerprints of the excess carrier presence in the semiconductor. Furthermore, the strong dependence of the temperature distribution on the carrier recombination processes at the surfaces of thin samples is quantified and found to drastically change the thermoelastic component of the photoacoustic signal.
Evidence for dielectric suppression in non-magnetic modified multiferroic bismuth ferrite
Authors: Jena A. K. , Arout Chelvane J. , Mohanty J.
Published: November 2019

Structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of polycrystalline Y-Sc codoped BiFeO3 (BFO) ceramics are investigated. Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopy analysis provide strong evidence of structural distortion without changing the structure of parent compound (rhombohedral: R3c) after codoping. Distortion due to nonmagnetic codoping marks an abrupt change in magnetic and electrical properties of BiFeO3. Ferromagnetic property is enhanced with a maximum remanent magnetization of 0.0045 emu/g at higher Sc-concentrations. Codoping improves the ferroelectric properties [Pr=13μC/cm2 at (Y,Sc)=(0.03,0.05)] due to the suppression of oxygen vacancies. The frequency-dependent dielectric properties at various temperatures are investigated. The relaxation peak shifts toward room temperature for Bi1−xYxFe1−yScyO3 ceramics, which eventually appeared above 100°C for parent BFO. The suppression of relaxation peak indicates the change in conduction mechanism for codoped ceramics. The conduction process and the relaxation mechanism in parent and Y-Sc codoped BiFeO3 are investigated with electrical modulus and impedance spectroscopy. Frequency-dependent ac conductivity at various temperatures indicates that the conduction mechanism follows the correlated barrier hopping model and is thermally activated. Temperature dependent conductivity studies at different frequencies reveal that the relaxation process in codoped ceramics is due to the long-range oxygen vacancy movement and the low loss values.
Simultaneous detection of the spin Hall magnetoresistance and Joule heating-induced spin Seebeck effect in Gd3Fe5O12/Pt bilayers
Authors: Fayaz Muhammad Umer , Saleem Muhammad Shahrukh , Gu Youdi , Zhou Xiaofeng , Pan Feng , Song Cheng
Published: November 2019

Spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) provides an effective tool to probe the spin structure in magnet/heavy metal bilayers. Here, we investigate the SMR in Gd3Fe5O12 (GdIG)/Pt bilayers, where GdIG is a compensated ferrimagnetic insulator. Under a finite magnetic field, GdIG has a collinear magnetic phase far away from compensated temperature (Tcomp) and noncollinear/canted magnetic phase around Tcomp of 278 K. A conventional SMR behavior is observed at different temperatures without any sign change around Tcomp. Meanwhile, an asymmetric behavior (unidirectional-like) exists in the observed SMR at the temperatures just above or below Tcomp, because of the contribution of the anisotropic magnetothermopower effect, i.e., spin Seebeck effect. The spin Seebeck effect component exhibits a sign change around Tcomp, which is correlated with the reversal of the sublattice magnetization. Our finding provides an insight into SMR and thermal spin transport in the GdIG/Pt bilayer structure.
Crossover between Mott and Efros-Shklovskii variable-range hopping in Sr2IrO4 epitaxial thin films by misfit strain and isovalent doping
Authors: Souri M. , Connell J. G. , Nichols J. , Terzic J. , Cao G. , Seo A.
Published: November 2019

We report three-dimensional Mott variable-range hopping (3D Mott-VRH) transport of Sr2IrO4 epitaxial thin films, with a transition to Efros-Shklovskii variable-range hopping (ES-VRH) with increased misfit strain or isovalent doping. We have observed that the characteristic temperature of 3D Mott-VRH transport decreases under increased misfit strain, implying that the density of states near the Fermi energy is reconstructed. With further increased misfit strain (or doping with Ca or Ba ions), a crossover from the 3D Mott-VRH to ES-VRH transport takes place due to increased carrier localization by disorder, opening a Coulomb gap by increasing the effective electron-correlation. The results of magnetoresistance measurements also confirm that the disorder caused by misfit strain or isovalent doping plays an important role in the electronic transport of these Sr2IrO4 thin films. Our experimental observations propose that subtle external stimuli such as structural modifications can modulate the electronic properties of the relativistic Mott insulator, suggesting an unprecedented pathway for electronic device applications.
Structure and reactivity of highly reduced titanium oxide surface layers on TiO2: A first-principles study
Authors: Wen Bo , Liu Li-Min , Selloni Annabella
Published: November 2019

Titanium oxide structures featuring highly reduced TiOx films on top of nearly stoichiometric TiO2 hold promise for applications ranging from photocatalysis to resistance switching devices. Here, we focus on titanium monoxide (TiO) layers on anatase TiO2 (001) and use first principles calculations to investigate their structure and properties as well as their interface with liquid water. We find that only a single TiO layer can grow epitaxially on anatase (001) and subsequent growth leads to the formation of TiO islands. The TiO layers decrease the work function and enhance the surface conductivity in comparison to pure anatase, two features that can improve the TiO2 performance in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution but are thermodynamically unstable relative to pure TiO2 in humid/aqueous environment. Furthermore, first principles molecular dynamics simulations of the TiO (001)-water and anatase (001)-water interfaces show that unlike the multilayer structure of interfacial water on the anatase surface, a very dense and tightly packed first water layer is present on the surface of TiO, which could represent the first stage of partial surface reoxidation.
Pain-Evoked Reorganization in Functional Brain Networks
Authors: Zheng Weihao , Woo Choong-Wan , Yao Zhijun , Goldstein Pavel , Atlas Lauren Y , Roy Mathieu , Schmidt Liane , Krishnan Anjali , Jepma Marieke , Hu Bin , Wager Tor D
Published: November 2019

Recent studies indicate that a significant reorganization of cerebral networks may occur in patients with chronic pain, but how immediate pain experience influences the organization of large-scale functional networks is not yet well characterized. To investigate this question, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging in 106 participants experiencing both noxious and innocuous heat. Painful stimulation caused network-level reorganization of cerebral connectivity that differed substantially from organization during innocuous stimulation and standard resting-state networks. Noxious stimuli increased somatosensory network connectivity with (a) frontoparietal networks involved in context representation, (b) “ventral attention network” regions involved in motivated action selection, and (c) basal ganglia and brainstem regions. This resulted in reduced “small-worldness,” modularity (fewer networks), and global network efficiency and in the emergence of an integrated “pain supersystem” (PS) whose activity predicted individual differences in pain sensitivity across 5 participant cohorts. Network hubs were reorganized (“hub disruption”) so that more hubs were localized in PS, and there was a shift from “connector” hubs linking disparate networks to “provincial” hubs connecting regions within PS. Our findings suggest that pain reorganizes the network structure of large-scale brain systems. These changes may prioritize responses to painful events and provide nociceptive systems privileged access to central control of cognition and action during pain.
SGK1.1 Reduces Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure Severity and Leads to Rapid Termination of Seizures
Authors: Armas-Capote Natalia , Maglio Laura E , Pérez-Atencio Leonel , Martin-Batista Elva , Reboreda Antonio , Barios Juan A , Hernandez Guadalberto , Alvarez de la Rosa Diego , Lamas José Antonio , Barrio Luis C , Giraldez Teresa
Published: November 2019

Approaches to control epilepsy, one of the most important idiopathic brain disorders, are of great importance for public health. We have previously shown that in sympathetic neurons the neuronal isoform of the serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK1.1) increases the M-current, a well-known target for seizure control. The effect of SGK1.1 activation on kainate-induced seizures and neuronal excitability was studied in transgenic mice that express a permanently active form of the kinase, using electroencephalogram recordings and electrophysiological measurements in hippocampal brain slices. Our results demonstrate that SGK1.1 activation leads to reduced seizure severity and lower mortality rates following status epilepticus, in an M-current–dependent manner. EEG is characterized by reduced number, shorter duration, and early termination of kainate-induced seizures in the hippocampus and cortex. Hippocampal neurons show decreased excitability associated to increased M-current, without altering basal synaptic transmission or other neuronal properties. Altogether, our results reveal a novel and selective anticonvulsant pathway that promptly terminates seizures, suggesting that SGK1.1 activation can be a potent factor to secure the brain against permanent neuronal damage associated to epilepsy.
Archivory in hypersaline aquatic environments: Haloarchaea as a dietary source for the brine shrimp Artemia
Authors: Lopes-dos-Santos R M A , De Troch Marleen , Bossier Peter , Van Stappen Gilbert
Published: November 2019

Archaea have been the most overlooked and enigmatic of the three domains of life for decades. Knowledge of key ecological interactions such as trophic links between this domain and higher level organisms remains extremely limited. The co-occurrence of halophilic Archaea (haloarchaea) and the non-selective filter feeder, brine shrimp Artemia under the unique ecological characteristics of hypersaline aquatic environments, constitutes an excellent opportunity to further unravel the ecological role of the Archaea domain as a source of food to zooplankton metazoans. In the present study, we combine the use of haloarchaea biomass assimilation experiments using 13C isotope as tracer, with gnotobiotic Artemia culture tests using haloarchaea mono-diets, to investigate potential trophic links between the organisms. Our results demonstrated the ability of Artemia to assimilate nutrients from mono-diets of haloarchaea biomass in order to survive and grow, providing clear indications that archivory may occur in hypersaline aquatic environments. Additionally, our study highlights the use of stable isotopes labelling as a potential tool to further disentangle the specific pathways by which archaeal cellular constituents are digested by consumers.
Morphological, cytological and genetic analyzes of the ‘sango’ mutant with the defects in basidiocarp development in edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius
Authors: Okuda Yasuhito , Ito Mikinari , Shimada Yu , Ishigami Masato , Matsumoto Teruyuki
Published: November 2019

A spontaneous, morphological variation ‘sango’ was observed in the progeny of a Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél. wild-type basidiocarp (also known as fruiting body) collected from the field. This variant developed wart- and coral-like structures instead of normal basidiocarps. Microscopic analysis showed that the sango phenotype had defects in the differentiation of the pileus and hymenium. Basidiocarp phenotypic data analysis in the progenies revealed that the sango trait is a heritable mutation character controlled by a single recessive gene. This mutation locus was mapped on linkage group III of a previously constructed genetic linkage map by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique in P. pulmonarius. Four AFLP markers identified by bulked segregant analysis showed linkage to the sango mutation locus, with the genetic distance ranging from 0 to 2.1 cM. Of these markers, one marker was co-segregated with the sango mutation locus. This knowledge will be a useful foundation for practical breeding as well as for elucidating molecular mechanisms in basidiocarp development of main edible mushrooms.
Determination of Serum Levels of Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, Interleukin-10, and Tumor Necrosis-Alpha and their Relationship With The Total Body Surface Area in Children
Authors: Sobouti Behnam , Ghavami Yaser , Asadifar Behnam , Jafarzadeh Mehrzad , Ghelman Mohsen , Vaghardoost Reza
Published: November 2019

There are few studies on the inflammatory processes and the role of cytokines involved in pediatric burn injuries. The present study aims to measure the serum levels of cytokines and their relationship with the degree of burn injury in children. Within the 48 hours of hospitalization, the serum samples were obtained to measure inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10 [IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]). The level of all of these cytokine factors was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The mean levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α was 18.15 ± 4.77 pg/ml, 59.54 ± 4.59 pg/ml, 8.41 ± 2.09 pg/ml, and 1.48 ± 0.15 pg/ml, respectively, which were higher than the normal range designated for the healthy pediatrics age group. The levels of TNF-α were higher in patients with sepsis (P = .03) and deceased patients (P = .001). There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of IL-8 in patients with second- (.001) and third-degree (.001) burn injuries in comparison to the first-degree burn injuries, and the level of IL-8 was statistically significantly higher in patients with electrical burn injuries in comparison to scald burn injuries (.01). IL-10 was statistically significantly higher in patients with contact burn injuries in comparison to scald (.001) and flame (.03) burn injuries. Cytokine levels in pediatric burn patients increased after severe burn injuries. There was a significant correlation between the levels of IL-8 and the degree of burn injuries.
Competition, land prices and city size
Authors: Kichko Sergey
Published: November 2019

Larger cities typically give rise to two opposite effects: tougher competition among firms and higher production costs. Using an urban model with substitutability of production factors and pro-competitive effects, I study product market responses to an increase in city population, land-use regulations and commuting costs. I show that those responses depend on the land intensity in production. If the input share of land is low, a larger city attracts more firms setting lower prices, whereas for an intermediate land share, city expansion increases both the mass of firms and product prices. For a high land share, the mass of firms decreases with city size while product price increases. Softer land-use regulations and/or lower commuting costs reinforce pro-competitive effects, making city residents better-off via lower product prices and broader diversity.
First report of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in fish
Authors: de Souza Suguiura Igor Massahiro , Macagnan Rafaela , Omori Aline Myuki , Buck Elder Luis , Scarpassa Josiane Aniele , Pretto-Giordano Lucienne Garcia , Vilas-Boas Laurival Antônio , de Camargo Zoilo Pires , Itano Eiko Nakagawa , Ono Mario Augusto
Published: November 2019

The thermodimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a deep mycosis endemic in Latin American countries that affects mainly male rural workers. Infection by P. brasiliensis has also been reported in several species of terrestrial animals; however, the capacity of the fungus to infect aquatic organisms is poorly known. The aim of this study was to detect P. brasiliensis in a fish species, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), the most farmed and widely distributed fish in endemic areas for human PCM in Brazil. As a first step, the humoral immune response against the fungus was evaluated in an experimental group of three fish immunized with inactivated P. brasiliensis yeast cells. For the seroepidemiological study, serum samples of Nile tilapia raised in cages (n = 109) and in ponds (n = 105), collected from a fish slaughterhouse, were analyzed for P. brasiliensis antibodies by ELISA using gp43 as antigen. All the inoculated fish produced antibodies against the fungus. The seropositivity observed in fish raised in cages and ponds was 17.4 and 5.7%, respectively. Due to the higher seropositivity observed in caged fish, 100 tissue samples (encephalon, liver, and kidney), from another group of tilapia raised in cages, were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR; Pb-ITSR and Pb-ITSE). Three tissue samples (liver n = 1, kidney n = 1, and enchepahlon n = 1) from three different fish resulted positive to PCR. This is the first report to show serological and molecular evidence of P. brasiliensis infection in a fish species.
An interview with Feng Shao and Weihong Tan: chemistry intertwines with biology and medicine
Authors: Zhao Weijie
Published: November 2019

Professor Feng Shao at National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing is a well-known immunologist. He has made a series of fundamental contributions to the fields of pathogen-host interactions and innate immune response mechanisms. Professor Weihong Tan at Hunan University and Shanghai Jiaotong University is a world-renowned scholar in bioanalytical chemistry and chemical biology. He developed a number of chemical tools that expended the extent of molecular medicine and may turn into useful clinical diagnosis and treatment tools. In May 2019, National Science Review (NSR) had an interview with Professors Feng Shao and Weihong Tan. The two scientists, both trained at University of Michigan for their PhD study, have different research directions, but share the same basic scientific vision: to solve human health-related fundamental problems by illuminating and making use of the underlying molecular mechanisms. They also share similar opinions on biomedical research methods and scientific career development.