bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LES JUGES JUGEZ, SE JUSTIFIANTS(1663) AND EDMUND LUDLOW‘S PROTESTANT NETWORK IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY SWITZERLAND
Authors: MAHLBERG GABY
Published: May 2014

This article aims to locate English republican thought and writing in a wider European context and to understand the personal connections that aided the distribution and reception of English republican ideas abroad. It does so through the case-study of a little-known pamphlet published by the English regicide Edmund Ludlow during his exile in Switzerland after the restoration of the Stuart monarchy in 1660.Les juges jugez, se justifiants(1663) was a French translation of the dying speeches and other miscellaneous texts of some of the English regicides, produced in Geneva and subsequently printed in Yverdon with the help of Ludlow's local Protestant network. Rather than propagating a secular republican ideology, Ludlow offered his work to a European Protestant audience in the language of Geneva, promoting a primarily religious cause in an attempt to make martyrs out of political activists. It is therefore to Ludlow's Protestant networks that we need to turn to find out more about the transmission of English republican ideas in francophone Europe and beyond.
PARLIAMENT AND SOME ROOTS OF WHISTLE BLOWING DURING THE NINE YEARS WAR
Authors: NEUFELD MATTHEW
Published: May 2014

This article argues that the failed campaign of one former clerk against corruption in the Royal Navy's sick and wounded service during the Nine Years War sheds light on some roots of modern whistle blowing. During the 1690s, England's parliament took important steps towards becoming an organ of inquiry into the workings of all government departments. Parliament's desire for information that could assist it to check Leviathan's actions, coupled with the end of pre-publication censorship in 1695, encouraged the advent of pamphleteering aimed at showing how to improve or correct abuses within the administrative structure and practices of the expanding fiscal-military state. It was from this stream of informative petitioning directed at the Commons and the Lords that informants such as Samuel Baston, as well as George Everett, William Hodges, and Robert Crosfeild, tried to call time on either systematic injustices or particular irregularities within the naval service for what they claimed was the public interest. What they and others called ‘discovering’ governmental malfeasance should be seen as early examples of blowing the whistle on wrongdoing.
FRACTURED FAMILIES: EDUCATED ELITES IN BRITAIN AND FRANCE AND THE CHALLENGE OF THE GREAT WAR
Authors: IRISH TOMÁS
Published: May 2014

This article examines the experiences of university elites in Britain and France during and after the First World War. It compares the elite network of the École Normale Supérieure with that of Trinity and King's Colleges in Cambridge, arguing that these communities functioned and understood themselves as families. The war, which suspended normal intellectual practice and placed mobilized university elites (as junior officers) at an increased risk of wounds or death, was seen as a threat to the very existence of the family. The article traces the responses of these groups to the outbreak of war, to the cessation of normal scholarly life, and to the shocking death rate; in so doing, it demonstrates the resilience of these networks. To date, historians have drawn on the writings of members of these families to make broader arguments about the war experience. This study is the first to examine the self-perception of these groups, and in so doing, provides a new context for scholarly activities during and after the war, bereavement, and remembrance, as well as for academic practices in the post-war period. As a Franco-British comparison, it argues for great similarities of experience between two superficially disparate university cultures
ON WAR AND PEACE: GERMAN CONCEPTIONS OF CONFLICT, 1792–1815
Authors: HEWITSON MARK
Published: May 2014

This article re-examines some of the principal portrayals of military conflict in academic treatises and works of art, arguing that the changing visions of war and peace which they presented were indicative of a wider acceptance within critical sections of the various public spheres of the German lands. The majority of recent studies, which have sought to debunk the myth of national ‘wars of liberation’, have tended to overlook the reasons for and ramifications of such shifts. This study shows how contemporary commentators, faced with an unending series of revolutionary and Napoleonic campaigns, gave up any hope of a perpetual peace and accepted, however reluctantly, the necessity of military conflict. Writers', artists', academics', and other publicists' failure to acknowledge the actual conditions of revolutionary and Napoleonic warfare, despite evidence that the nature of combat had altered, meant that conflicts could be viewed as patriotic, heroic, and defensive struggles, which served to simplify the divided loyalties and complicated diplomacy of the Napoleonic era.
A VICTORIAN INVENTION? THOMAS THORNYCROFT'S ‘BOADICEA GROUP’ AND THE IDEA OF HISTORICAL CULTURE IN BRITAIN
Authors: VANDREI MARTHA
Published: May 2014

This article examines the figure of Boudica (or Boadicea), with a specific focus on Thomas Thornycroft's Westminster Bridge statue, and on the work of the seventeenth-century antiquary, Edmund Bolton. By synthesizing historiography which investigates the idea of ‘historical culture’ in the modern and early modern periods, this article attempts to bridge chronological and generic divisions which exist in the study of the history of history. It argues that to fully understand the genealogy of popular historical ideas like Boudica, it is imperative that historians of such subjects take alongue-duréeapproach that situates individual artists and writers, and the historical-cultural works they produce, within their broader political, cultural, and social contexts while simultaneously viewing these works as part of a long, discursive process by which the past is successively reinterpreted. As a consequence, this article eschews an analysis of Boudica which labels her an ‘imperial icon’ for Victorian Britons, and argues that the relationship between contemporary context and the re-imagined past is not as straightforward as it might initially appear.
Introducing conversational grammar in EFL: a case forhedging strings
Authors: Torres-Martínez Sergio
Published: May 2014

The influence of corpus-based grammars has been pervasive in the past two decades in language learning as an important reference for researchers, teachers, and language enthusiasts alike. Yet such advances in the compilation of large digitized samples of language have not yet resulted in many practical implementations in EFL contexts. This is certainly due to the reluctance of many teachers to introduce corpora into their practice, in the belief that such a shift is technically cumbersome and time-consuming (Boulton 2010). I shall take up this issue in the last section of this paper.
Why are there so few French place-names in England?
Authors: Trotter David
Published: May 2014

The Norman Conquest of 1066 has left a considerable mark on the English landscape (in the form of cathedrals, churches, and castles) and had a massive impact on the English language. Both of these are visible (and audible) today. It is well known that a very sizeable percentage of the vocabulary of Modern English is of French origin. What is generally realised less is the extent to which these are not loanwords in the conventional sense (that is, words incorporated from a foreign language) but terms taken over into English at a time of sustained language contact between English and French, when the two languages coexisted on English soil. Recent advances in lexicography, in the Oxford English Dictionary in particular, now make it possible to track much more precisely the processes which have led to this massive incursion of French terminology into English. Generally speaking, it is normally assumed that Anglo-Norman was a predominantly urban vernacular (Short, 2009), a view which some recent work has challenged (Rothwell 2008, 2009, 2012; Trotter 2012a, 2012b, 2013).
Challenges and opportunities for the pluricentric approach in ESL/EFL teaching
Authors: Xie Jianping
Published: May 2014

World Englishes (henceforth WEs) theory recognizes that English today is an international language that comprises ‘a unique cultural pluralism, and a linguistic heterogeneity and diversity’ (Kachru, 1985: 14). That is, WEs theory recognizes and appreciates an emerging group of English varieties worldwide (such as Australian English, Indian English, Singaporean English, etc.), seeing each as being of equal validity and legitimacy. This appreciation of the pluricentricity of English has aroused particular interest in the field of ESL/EFL teaching (e.g., Kachru, 1992; Jenkins, 2006; Kirkpatrick, 2008). It is well known that ESL/EFL teaching has long been dominated by the Inner Circle model (Kachru, 1985), also known as the native speaker (NS) model. The Inner Circle model of English teaching focuses on so-called ‘Standard English’ education and aims to develop ‘native-like proficiency’ among ESL/EFL learners. Such a monocentric approach posits the superiority of Anglo-American norms and cultures at the expense of other English varieties and cultures. However, criticisms of such an ‘exonormative native speaker model’ (Kirkpatrick, 2008: 184) have been frequently raised in the past decade, and a growing number of researchers (e.g., Kachru, 1986, 1992; Canagarajah, 1999; Jenkins, 2000, 2006; Seidlhofer, 2001; McKay, 2002; Kirkpatrick, 2006, 2008) have called for a paradigm shift to replace the monocentric Inner Circle model in ESL/EFL teaching. New models have also been proposed; for instance, Phillipson (1992a) argued for models in various specific English varieties that maintain international intelligibility; Kramsch (1998) proposed an intercultural speaker model, and Kirkpatrick (2008) advocated a lingua franca approach to replace the NS model; finally, Jenkins (2006) put forward the pluricentric approach to replace the monocentric approach in English teaching. Though different in some respects, these proposed new models all share the same aims for ESL/EFL teaching, that is, to promote pluralism in different cultures and English varieties, to raise ESL/EFL learners' awareness of the various English varieties, and to enhance ESL/EFL learners' confidence in their own English varieties. In this study, the term pluricentric approach is adopted because this term vividly catches the essence of the pluricentricity of English today.
Lexical and grammatical features of Ugandan English
Authors: Isingoma Bebwa
Published: May 2014

English plays an important role in the lives of Ugandans. For example, official government records are written in English, Parliament conducts its business in English, national newspapers are written in English. English is the medium of instruction from elementary to tertiary level. English is a lingua franca among people of different ethnic groups whose mother tongues are mutually unintelligible, especially if they cannot use Luganda or, to some extent, Swahili.
Salt as a public health challenge in continental European convenience and ready meals
Authors: Kanzler Sonja , Hartmann Christina , Gruber Anita , Lammer Guido , Wagner Karl-Heinz
Published: May 2014

Objective

To assess the salt content of continental European convenience and ready meals.

Design

A multistage study in which, after laboratory analysis of the products’ salt contents (n32), new salt-reduced meals were developed through food reformulation. Additionally, a comprehensive survey of convenience meals from the Austrian market (n572) was conducted to evaluate the salt contents of a wider product range.

Setting

Six continental European countries participated.

Subjects

No subjects enrolled.

Results

The salt contents of continental European convenience and ready meals mostly exceeded 1·8 g/100 g, which is 30 % of the targeted daily intake level; some contained even more than the recommended daily intake of 6 g. The highest salt contents were found in pizzas and pasta dishes, the lowest ones in sweet meals. Large variations in salt levels were found not only between and within meal type categories, but also between similar meals from different producers. In addition, our approach to develop new salt-reduced meals showed that a stepwise reduction of the ready meals’ salt contents is possible without compromising the sensory quality.

Conclusions

To address the problem of hypertension and increased risk for CVD through high salt intake, a reduction of the salt levels in continental European convenience and ready meals is urgently needed, since they are providing a major part of the daily salt intake. Successful national-wide salt reduction strategies in the UK or Finland have already demonstrated the public health impact of this setting.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and consumption of functional foods among the Balearic Islands’ adolescent population
Authors: Ozen Asli Emine , Bibiloni Maria del Mar , Murcia María Antonia , Pons Antoni , Tur Josep A
Published: May 2014

Objective

To assess differences in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) between consumers and non-consumers of functional foods among the Balearic Islands’ adolescent population.

Design

Cross-sectional nutritional survey carried out (2007–2008) in the Balearic Islands, a Mediterranean region. Dietary assessment was based on a semi-quantitative FFQ and two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Anthropometric measurements and questions related to socio-economic status, physical activity and adherence to the MD were assessed.

Setting

Data obtained from a representative sample of all inhabitants living in the Balearic Islands aged 12–17 years.

Subjects

A random sample (n1961) of the adolescent population was interviewed.

Results

The mean adherence to the MD among consumers of functional foods was 56·42 (sd6·05) % and 55·76 (sd5·41) % among non-consumers. Consumption of fruit juice, fibre-rich bread/cookies, cereal bars, fish and soya milk was higher among adolescents with high MD adherence, and consumption of modified milk, probiotics, breakfast cereals and infusions was higher among adolescents with low MD adherence. Daily intakes of functional dietary components from plant foods (dietary fibre, vitamins C and E, carotene, folic acid) were higher among adolescents with high MD adherence.

Conclusions

The Balearic Islands’ adolescent population had moderate adherence to the MD; higher adherence was observed among consumers of functional foods. Average daily intakes of functional foods and functional dietary components were higher among adolescents with high adherence to the MD. Gender, age and low parental education were risk factors for low adherence to the MD, mainly among non-consumers of functional foods.
The Rankin–Selberg integral with a non-unique model for the standard -function of
Authors: Gurevich Nadya , Segal Avner
Published: May 2014

Let$\mathcal{L}^{S}\left (s,\pi ,{\mathfrak{st}}\right )$be a partial$\mathcal{L}$-function of degree$7$of a cuspidal automorphic representation$\pi $of the exceptional group$G_2$. In this paper we construct a Rankin–Selberg integral for representations having a certain Fourier coefficient.
LIMIT MULTIPLICITIES FOR PRINCIPAL CONGRUENCE SUBGROUPS OF AND
Authors: Finis Tobias , Lapid Erez , Müller Werner
Published: May 2014

We study the limiting behavior of the discrete spectra associated to the principal congruence subgroups of a reductive group over a number field. While this problem is well understood in the cocompact case (i.e., when the group is anisotropic modulo the center), we treat groups of unbounded rank. For the groups$\text{GL}(n)$and$\text{SL}(n)$we show that the suitably normalized spectra converge to the Plancherel measure (the limit multiplicity property). For general reductive groups we obtain a substantial reduction of the problem. Our main tool is the recent refinement of the spectral side of Arthur’s trace formula obtained in [Finis, Lapid, and Müller,Ann. of Math. (2)174(1) (2011), 173–195; Finis and Lapid,Ann. of Math. (2)174(1) (2011), 197–223], which allows us to show that for$\text{GL}(n)$and$\text{SL}(n)$the contribution of the continuous spectrum is negligible in the limit.
Recognizing the Bank Robber and Spotting the Difference: Emotional
State and Global vs. Local Attentional Set
Authors: Pacheco-Unguetti Antonia Pilar , Acosta Alberto , Lupiáñez Juan
Published: May 2014

In two experiments (161 participants in total), we investigated how current mood
influences processing styles (global vs. local). Participants watched a video of
a bank robbery before receiving a positive, negative or neutral induction, and
they performed two tasks: a face-recognition task about the bank robber as
global processing measure, and a spot-the-difference task using neutral pictures
(Experiment-1) or emotional scenes (Experiment-2) as local processing measure.
Results showed that positive mood induction favoured a global processing style,
enhancing participants’ ability to correctly identify a face even
when they watched the video before the mood-induction. This shows that, besides
influencing encoding processes, mood state can be also related to retrieval
processes. On the contrary, negative mood induction enhanced a local processing
style, making easier and faster the detection of differences between nearly
identical pictures, independently of their valence. This dissociation supports
the hypothesis that current mood modulates processing through activation of
different cognitive styles.
The tapetal AHL family protein TEK determines nexine formation in the pollen wall
Authors: Lou Yue , Xu Xiao-Feng , Zhu Jun , Gu Jing-Nan , Blackmore Stephen , Yang Zhong-Nan
Published: May 2014

The pollen wall, an essential structure for pollen function, consists of two layers, an inner intine and an outer exine. The latter is further divided into sexine and nexine. Many genes involved in sexine development have been reported, in which the MYB transcription factor Male Sterile 188 (MS188) specifies sexine in Arabidopsis. However, nexine formation remains poorly understood. Here we report the knockout of TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SILENCING VIA AT-HOOK (TEK) leads to nexine absence in Arabidopsis. TEK encodes an AT-hook nuclear localized family protein highly expressed in tapetum during the tetrad stage. Absence of nexine in tek disrupts the deposition of intine without affecting sexine formation. We find that ABORTED MICROSPORES directly regulates the expression of TEK and MS188 in tapetum for the nexine and sexine formation, respectively. Our data show that a transcriptional cascade in the tapetum specifies the development of pollen wall.
Why do we need Solutions to Global Warming?
Authors: Thornes John E. , Pope Francis D.
Published: May 2014

The atmosphere is the most valuable resource on the planet and as such every effort needs to be made to protect and manage it. Unfortunately the rise in greenhouse gases since the industrial revolution, and the intimately linked change in climate, is proving to be a most difficult environmental problem. Even though the strongest scientific evidence tells us that the anthropogenic release of greenhouse gases is responsible for climate change, there has been little success in emissions reduction. The reasons behind this failure are complex but the outcome is not; the regions of the Earth inhabited by humans are on average getting hotter and extreme weather is becoming more frequent. Since mitigation efforts against climate change are failing, the arguments for the possibility of geoengineering become louder. Geoengineering is a contentious issue which evokes strong reactions within all levels of society. Solar Radiation Management (SRM) technologies are more controversial than Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies, since they do not solve the root cause of the problem, they do, however, potentially offer a more rapidly deployed solution. At present no geoengineering technology is fit for purpose or ready for deployment. However, geoengineering research is rapidly increasing with hundreds if not thousands of scientists and engineers working on the topic worldwide. As such, geoengineering research has now likely passed through its infancy, and conclusions are being reached about the efficacy, benefits and disadvantages of the different proposals. It seems increasingly likely that geoengineering technologies could be developed that will reduce climate change. These benefits need to be carefully weighed against the negative aspects. A true assessment of geoengineering cannot be achieved until we better understand the environmental, technological, economic and governance issues associated through its use.
Storing Carbon for Geologically Long Timescales to Engineer Climate
Authors: Stuart Haszeldine R. , Scott Vivian
Published: May 2014

To re-establish global climate balance, it is necessary to remove large amounts of fossil carbon emitted by humans, which is currently located in the atmosphere and the upper ocean. Although great attention is given to technologies of capture, the ability to store immense tonnages of carbon stock for geologically long time periods, isolated from atmosphere and ocean interaction, is equally important. In this chapter, the multiple storage locations for carbon stocking on and below land, also within and below the ocean, are evaluated. The evaluation shows that carbon dioxide reduction (CDR) is useful for mitigation, but cannot balance the rate of new emissions from fossil fuel exploitation. Many CDR methods have large uncertainty in their quantity, life-cycle, global impact and engineered feasibility. Competition for biomass and land usage is inevitable. Pathways and reservoirs of carbon in the ocean are complex and interlocked. Engineered storage of carbon will also be expensive, resource intensive and cannot substitute for a greatly reduced usage of fossil carbon. Human industrial and economic activity must “move beyond hydrocarbons” to be sustainable beyond 2050.
The Use of Artificial Trees
Authors: Lackner Klaus S.
Published: May 2014

Direct capture of carbon dioxide from ambient air with devices that resemble trees could contribute to a net zero carbon economy and even support a level of negative emissions sufficient to drive the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in a matter of decades back down to acceptable levels. Direct air capture adds a new capture method to the carbon capture and storage technology suite. It can work with all storage options and cancel out emissions from any source. Point sources, in the main, would be better off capturing their own emissions instead of releasing them to the atmosphere. Capture from air would likely focus on emissions from the transportation sector. Here, air capture can also support a closed carbon cycle that starts with carbon dioxide from the air and non-fossil energy and produces liquid fuels which, after use, return their carbon back to the atmosphere. Air capture can retrieve carbon dioxide that has been released to the air in the past, and thus reverse emissions and limit their damage to the duration they were allowed to reside in the environment. The ability to reverse emissions adds a new dimension to policy options.
Generalized phase behavior of cluster formation in colloidal dispersions with competing interactions
Authors: Godfrin P. Douglas , Valadez-Pérez Néstor E. , Castañeda-Priego Ramon , Wagner Norman J. , Liu Yun
Published: May 2014

Clustered fluid states and cluster percolated states formed by competing interactions are found to exist exclusively within the two phase region of the state diagram for an appropriately selected reference attractive fluid.
Mesoporous architectures with highly crystallized frameworks
Authors: Chaikittisilp Watcharop , Muraoka Koki , Ji Qingmin , Ariga Katsuhiko , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: May 2014

In this highlight article, we summarize the current research trends in the synthesis of mesoporous materials possessing crystallized pore walls. In particular, the innovative methods towards mesoporous metals, mesoporous metal oxides, metal–organic frameworks, and zeolites are highlighted.
Rapid analysis of trace volatile formaldehyde in aquatic products by derivatization reaction-based surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Zhuomin , Zhao Cheng , Ma Yunjian , Li Gongke
Published: May 2014

Toxic formaldehyde is sometimes used illegally as a food preservative, however, on-site rapid analysis of trace formaldehyde in aquatic products remains a challenge.
Palladium catalyzed C3-arylation of 4-hydroxy-2-pyridones
Authors: Anagnostaki Elissavet E. , Fotiadou Anna D. , Demertzidou Vera , Zografos Alexandros L.
Published: May 2014

The direct 3-arylation of 4-hydroxy-2-pyridones has been achieved for the first time by utilizing ligand free palladium(ii) catalysis under mild conditions.
Facile access to 3,5-symmetrically disubstituted 1,2,4-thiadiazoles through phosphovanadomolybdic acid catalyzed aerobic oxidative dimerization of primary thioamides
Authors: Yajima Kazuhisa , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: May 2014

Phosphovanadomolybdic acids can efficiently catalyze aerobic oxidative dimerization of various kinds of primary thioamides.
Dynamic nuclear polarisation enhanced14N overtone MAS NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Rossini Aaron J. , Emsley Lyndon , O'Dell Luke A.
Published: May 2014

Dynamic nuclear polarisation has been used to obtain solid-state14N overtone NMR spectra with signal enhancement levels of over two orders of magnitude, including natural abundance C–N and H–N correlation spectra.
Computational investigations on the catalytic mechanism of maleate isomerase: the role of the active site cysteine residues
Authors: Dokainish Hisham M. , Ion Bogdan F. , Gauld James W.
Published: May 2014

Multiscale computational enzymology provides key insights into the state of the substrate-bound active site and roles of its cysteinyl residues.
Different aggregation dynamics of benzene–water mixtures
Authors: Fu Cen-Feng , Tian Shan Xi
Published: May 2014

The differences between the molecular aggregations in benzene–water mixtures are identified using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations.
Construction of covalent- and hydrogen-bonded assemblies from 1′,1′′′-biferrocenediboronic acid as a new organobimetallic building block
Authors: Tahara Keishiro , Akita Tetsuhiro , Katao Shohei , Tokunaga Ken , Kikuchi Jun-ichi
Published: May 2014

Covalent- and hydrogen-bonded assemblies were constructed from 1′,1′′′-biferrocenediboronic acid as a new organobimetallic building block.
Microfluidic in-reservoir pre-concentration using a buffer drain technique
Authors: Yoon Junghyo , Cho Youngkyu , Han Sewoon , Lim Chae Seung , Lee Jeong Hoon , Chung Seok
Published: May 2014

We developed a pre-concentrated specimen extractable chip using a buffer drain technique with a Nafion-coated channel.
A polyfluorene based zwitterionic fluorescent probe for response towards biological species in aqueous media
Authors: Chakraborty Chanchal , Bera Manas Kumar , Malik Sudip
Published: May 2014

Water soluble, boronic acid bearing polyfluorene has been synthesized for the detection of diol containing biomolecules through effective fluorescence ‘turn off’ at pH 7.4.
Solvation chemistry of water-soluble thiol-protected gold nanocluster Au102 from DOSY NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations
Authors: Salorinne Kirsi , Lahtinen Tanja , Malola Sami , Koivisto Jaakko , Häkkinen Hannu
Published: May 2014

The hydrodynamic diameter of Aum(pMBA)n clusters in aqueous media was determined by DOSY NMR spectroscopy. The apparent size of the cluster was shown to depend on the counter ion of the deprotonated pMBA− ligand.
MnO2/carbon nanowall electrode for future energy storage application: effect of carbon nanowall growth period and MnO2mass loading
Authors: Hassan Sameh , Suzuki Masaaki , Mori Shinsuke , El-Moneim Ahmed Abd
Published: May 2014

MnO2/carbon nanowalls electrode with a specific capacitance of 1170 F g−1, energy density of 162.5 W h kg−1and power density of 915.7 W kg−1.
Cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether imide)/silica organic–inorganic hybrid materials: proton exchange membrane properties
Authors: Mistri Ershad Ali , Banerjee Susanta
Published: May 2014

A hybrid proton exchange membrane with enhanced oxidative and dimensional stability as well as reduced fuel crossover.
A Au nanoflower@SiO2@CdTe/CdS/ZnS quantum dot multi-functional nanoprobe for photothermal treatment and cellular imaging
Authors: Jiang Tongtong , Yin Naiqiang , Liu Ling , Song Jiangluqi , Huang Qianpeng , Zhu Lixin , Xu Xiaoliang
Published: May 2014

A Au nanoflower@SiO2@CdTe/CdS/ZnS quantum dot multi-functional nanoprobe for photothermal treatment and cellular imaging.
Ultrasound-assisted solventless synthesis of amines by in situ oxidation/reductive amination of benzyl halides
Authors: Khumraksa Bannarak , Phakhodee Wong , Pattarawarapan Mookda
Published: May 2014

Ultrasound-assisted solventless oxidation/reductive amination of benzyl halides was developed as a facile, efficient, and environmentally friendly method toward N-alkylated amines.
Synthesis and photochemical properties of BODIPY-functionalized silica nanoparticles for imaging Cu2+ in living cells
Authors: Yu Xiaoting , Jia Xu , Yang Xiaolong , Liu Weisheng , Qin Wenwu
Published: May 2014

A highly selective copper(ii) sensor based on BODIPY-functionalized silica nanoparticles, BODIPY–DPA@SN, is designed and synthesized.
Low temperature synthesis of nanosized NaY zeolite crystals from organic-free gel by using supported seeds
Authors: Mastropietro T. F. , Drioli E. , Poerio T.
Published: May 2014

Zeolite crystals having faujasite-type (FAU) topology and particle size distribution in the nanometer range have been successfully prepared by a room temperature, short duration synthesis, in the absence of organic structure directing agents (SDAs).
The importance of Zn(ii) binding by the human copper metallochaperone for Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase
Authors: Allen Stephen , Dennison Christopher
Published: May 2014

Zn(ii) removal converts dimeric human CCS to a monomer that weakens its interaction with Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and may be disease causing.
Dynamics of photogenerated holes in undoped BiVO4 photoanodes for solar water oxidation
Authors: Ma Yimeng , Pendlebury Stephanie R. , Reynal Anna , Le Formal Florian , Durrant James R.
Published: May 2014

We use transient absorption spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical methods to study the dynamics of photogenerated holes in BiVO4 for solar water oxidation. The back electron/hole recombination is found to be slow and therefore competes with water oxidation, limiting water oxidation efficiency.
Sunlight photocatalyzed regioselective β-alkylation and acylation of cyclopentanones
Authors: Okada Megumi , Fukuyama Takahide , Yamada Keiichi , Ryu Ilhyong , Ravelli Davide , Fagnoni Maurizio
Published: May 2014

Visible light induced direct β-C–H/C–C conversion of cyclopentanones was accomplished by using tetrabutylammonium decatungstate, TBADT, as the photocatalyst.
Virus particle assembly into crystalline domains enabled by the coffee ring effect
Authors: Gebhardt Ronald , Teulon Jean-Marie , Pellequer Jean-Luc , Burghammer Manfred , Colletier Jacques-Philippe , Riekel Christian
Published: May 2014

Tobacco mosaic virus particles can be rapidly assembled into 3D-domains by capillary flow-driven alignment at the triple contact-line of an evaporating droplet.
Synthesis and hydrogen release properties of alkyl-substituted amine-boranes
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Li Shaofeng , Tan Yingbin , Tang Ziwei , Guo Zaiping , Yu Xuebin
Published: May 2014

Three newly synthesized alkyl-substituted amine-boranes show a favorable dehydrogenation rate with pure hydrogen release.
Single-step microwave mediated synthesis of the CoS2 anode material for high rate hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Amaresh S. , Karthikeyan K. , Jang I.-C. , Lee Y. S.
Published: May 2014

The energy density of a hybrid supercapacitor having CoS2 against activated carbon was increased by direct lithiation of metal sulfide before capacitor fabrication. Lithiation augmented the energy density by two-fold at all current rates and also is responsible for maintaining the capacitance retention during cycling due to the non-depletion of lithium ions in the electrolyte.
Ti4+-immobilized multilayer polysaccharide coated magnetic nanoparticles for highly selective enrichment of phosphopeptides
Authors: Xiong Zhichao , Zhang Lingyi , Fang Chunli , Zhang Quanqing , Ji Yongsheng , Zhang Zhang , Zhang Weibing , Zou Hanfa
Published: May 2014

A novel magnetic polymer nanoparticle (Fe3O4@SiO2@(HA/CS)10–Ti4+ IMAC) was synthesized for the highly selective and efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides.
The formation mechanism of CdSe QDs through the thermolysis of Cd(oleate)2 and TOPSe in the presence of alkylamine
Authors: Kim Taekeun , Jung Yun Ku , Lee Jin-Kyu
Published: May 2014

The thermal decomposition of Cd(oleate)2, a metal organocarboxylate complex, in the presence of alkylamine was studied in order to understand the formation mechanism of CdSe nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) in the hot-injection method.
Influence of the stabilizing ligand on the quality, signal-relevant optical properties, and stability of near-infrared emitting Cd1−xHgxTe nanocrystals
Authors: Leubner S. , Schneider R. , Dubavik A. , Hatami S. , Gaponik N. , Resch-Genger U. , Eychmüller A.
Published: May 2014

Influence of different thiol ligands on growth kinetics, photoluminescence quantum yields, and colloidal stability of near-infrared emitting CdHgTe nanocrystals is systematically studied.
Hair-derived carbon dots toward versatile multidimensional fluorescent materials
Authors: Liu Si-Si , Wang Cai-Feng , Li Chen-Xiong , Wang Jing , Mao Li-Hua , Chen Su
Published: May 2014

Carbon dots are prepared via pyrolysis of natural hair, and further embedded in a polymer matrix to prepare multidimensional hybrid materials.
Reversible disassembly of the yeast V-ATPase revisited under in vivo conditions
Authors: Tabke Katharina , Albertmelcher Andrea , Vitavska Olga , Huss Markus , Schmitz Hans-Peter , Wieczorek Helmut
Published: May 2014

Primary active proton transport by eukaryotic V-ATPases (vacuolar ATPases) is regulated via the reversible disassembly of the V1Vo holoenzyme into its peripheral catalytic V1 complex and its membrane-bound proton-translocating Vo complex. This nutrient-dependent phenomenon had been first detected in the midgut epithelium of non-feeding moulting tobacco hornworms (Manduca sexta) and in glucose-deprived yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Since reversible disassembly to date had been investigated mostly in vitro, we wanted to test this phenomenon under in vivo conditions. We used living yeast cells with V-ATPase subunits fused to green, yellow or cyan fluorescent protein and found that only the V1 subunit C (Vma5) was released into the cytosol after substitution of extracellular glucose with galactose, whereas the other V1 subunits remained at or near the membrane. FRET analysis demonstrated close proximity between V1 and Vo even under glucose-starvation conditions. Disassembly, but not reassembly, depended on functional microtubules. Results from overlay blots, pull-down assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation support the assumption that subunit C interacts directly with microtubules without involvement of linker proteins.
An EMG Study of the Lip Muscles During Covert Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
Authors: Rapin Lucile , Dohen Marion , Polosan Mircea , Perrier Pascal , Lœvenbruck Hélène
Published: May 2014

Purpose

Auditory verbal hallucinations(AVHs) are speech perceptions in the absence of external stimulation. According to an influential theoretical account of AVHs in schizophrenia, a deficit in inner-speech monitoring may cause the patients' verbal thoughts to be perceived as external voices. The account is based on a predictive control model, in which individuals implement verbal self-monitoring. The authors examined lip muscle activity during AVHs in patients with schizophrenia to check whether inner speech occurred.

Method

Lip muscle activity was recorded during covert AVHs (without articulation) and rest. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used on 11 patients with schizophrenia.

Results

Results showed an increase in EMG activity in the orbicularis oris inferior muscle during covert AVHs relative to rest. This increase was not due to general muscular tension because there was no increase of muscular activity in the forearm muscle.

Conclusion

This evidence that AVHs might be self-generated inner speech is discussed in the framework of a predictive control model. Further work is needed to better describe how inner speech is controlled and monitored and the nature of inner-speech-monitoring-dysfunction. This will lead to a better understanding of how AVHs occur.
Auditory Middle Latency Responses Differ in Right- and Left-Handed Subjects: An Evaluation Through Topographic Brain Mapping
Authors: Mohebbi Mehrnaz , Mahmoudian Saeid , Alborzi Marzieh Sharifian , Najafi-Koopaie Mojtaba , Farahani Ehsan Darestani , Farhadi Mohammad
Published: May 2014

Purpose

To investigate the association of handedness with auditory middle latency responses (AMLRs) using topographic brain mapping by comparing amplitudes and latencies in frontocentral and hemispheric regions of interest (ROIs).

Method

The study included 44 healthy subjects with normal hearing (22 left handed and 22 right handed). AMLRs were recorded from 29 scalp electrodes in response to binaural 4-kHz tone bursts.

Results

Frontocentral ROI comparisons revealed that Pa and Pb amplitudes were significantly larger in the left-handed than the right-handed group. Topographic brain maps showed different distributions in AMLR components between the two groups. In hemispheric comparisons, Pa amplitude differed significantly across groups. A left-hemisphere emphasis of Pa was found in the right-handed group but not in the left-handed group.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that handedness is associated with AMLR components in frontocentral and hemispheric ROI. Handedness should be considered an essential factor in the clinical or experimental use of AMLRs.
Effects of Animation on Naming and Identification Across Two Graphic Symbol Sets Representing Verbs and Prepositions
Authors: Schlosser Ralf W. , Koul Rajinder , Shane Howard , Sorce James , Brock Kristofer , Harmon Ashley , Moerlein Dorothy , Hearn Emilia
Published: May 2014

Purpose

The effects of animation on naming and identification of graphic symbols for verbs and prepositions were studied in 2 graphic symbol sets in preschoolers.

Method

Using a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 completely randomized block design, preschoolers across three age groups were randomly assigned to combinations of symbol set (Autism Language Program [ALP] Animated Graphics or Picture Communication Symbols [PCS]), symbol format (animated or static), and word class (verbs or prepositions). Children were asked to name symbols and to identify a target symbol from an array given the spoken label.

Results

Animated symbols were more readily named than static symbols, although this was more pronounced for verbs than for prepositions. ALP symbols were named more accurately than PCS in particular with prepositions. Animation did not facilitate identification. ALP symbols for prepositions were identified better than PCS, but there was no difference for verbs. Finally, older children guessed and identified symbols more effectively than younger children.

Conclusions

Animation improves the naming of graphic symbols for verbs. For prepositions, ALP symbols are named more accurately and are more readily identifiable than PCS. Naming and identifying symbols are learned skills that develop over time. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
A Longitudinal Study of Language and Speech in Children Who Were Internationally Adopted at Different Ages
Authors: Glennen Sharon
Published: May 2014

Purpose

The author followed 56 internationally adopted children during the first 3 years after adoption to determine how and when they reached age-expected language proficiency in Standard American English. The influence of age of adoption was measured, along with the relationship between early and later language and speech outcomes.

Method

Children adopted from Eastern Europe at ages 12 months to 4 years, 11 months, were assessed 5 times across 3 years. Norm-referenced measures of receptive and expressive language and articulation were compared over time. In addition, mean length of utterance (MLU) was measured.

Results

Across all children, receptive language reached age-expected levels more quickly than expressive language. Children adopted at ages 1 and 2 “caught up” more quickly than children adopted at ages 3 and 4. Three years after adoption, there was no difference in test scores across age of adoption groups, and the percentage of children with language or speech delays matched population estimates. MLU was within the average range 3 years after adoption but significantly lower than other language test scores.

Conclusions

Three years after adoption, age of adoption did not influence language or speech outcomes, and most children reached age-expected language levels. Expressive syntax as measured by MLU was an area of relative weakness.
Tracking the patient journey by combining multiple hospital database systems
Authors: Wong Andy , Kozan Erhan , Sinnott Michael , Spencer Lyndall , Eley Robert
Published: May 2014

With new national targets for patient flow in public hospitals designed to increase efficiencies in patient care and resource use, better knowledge of events affecting length of stay will support improved bed management and scheduling of procedures. This paper presents a case study involving the integration of material from each of three databases in operation at one tertiary hospital and demonstrates it is possible to follow patient journeys from admission to discharge. What is known about this topic? At present, patient data at one Queensland tertiary hospital are assembled in three information systems: (1) the Hospital Based Corporate Information System (HBCIS), which tracks patients from in-patient admission to discharge; (2) the Emergency Department Information System (EDIS) containing patient data from presentation to departure from the emergency department; and (3) Operation Room Management Information System (ORMIS), which records surgical operations. What does this paper add? This paper describes how a new enquiry tool may be used to link the three hospital information systems for studying the hospital journey through different wards and/or operating theatres for both individual and groups of patients. What are the implications for practitioners? An understanding of the patients’ journeys provides better insight into patient flow and provides the tool for research relating to access block, as well as optimising the use of physical and human resources.
Effect of a maternity consumer representative training program on participants’ confidence and engagement
Authors: Jenkinson Bec M. , Smethurst Joanne , Boorman Rhonda , Creedy Debra K.
Published: May 2014

Objective This paper describes the effects of a maternity consumer representative training program on participants’ confidence to fulfil this role and engagement in representative activities. Methods The present study was a descriptive, pre–post evaluation design with a 3-month follow-up. Fifty-eight people completed the program and 55 agreed to participate in the evaluation. Participants completed questionnaires to assess confidence to undertake consumer representative roles and reported on their engagement with consumer activities. Results Participants’ perceived confidence to function in the role of consumer representative differed significantly before and after the workshop (F(2,18) = 7.057, P < 0.001), as did confidence in decision making (F(2,16) = 7.615, P = 0.005), confidence in negotiating outcomes and liaising with key people (F(2,18) = 7.154, P = 0.005), and confidence in making use of relevant networks (F(2,18) = 4.319, P = 0.029). There was a decline in confidence at 3 months, with confidence at this time no longer significantly different from that at the time of recruitment. Engagement with consumer organisations increased by 45% compared with rates at commencement of the project. Conclusions The program enhanced participants’ confidence to fulfil a maternity consumer representative role but was not sustained. Further research is needed as to how to best support maternity consumer representatives and assess their contribution to promoting woman-centred care. What is known about the topic? Engaging consumers in the development of health policy, planning, service delivery and review can improve services and health outcomes. There is a serious lack of consumers confident to undertake representative roles. There is a paucity of evidence about the best ways to engage and build capacity among prospective consumer representatives. What does this paper add? A training program was developed and implemented for prospective consumer representatives in maternity services. Participants reported enhanced confidence to undertake a consumer representative role, but this was not sustained at the 3-month follow-up. The program improved engagement with consumer representative activities. What are the implications for practitioners? Training and support are essential for effective maternity consumer representation. Programs could involve generic consumer training with additional training offered for specific health services, such as maternity, aged care or mental health. Further attention needs to be given to supporting consumer organisations and consumer representatives in rural and remote areas. There is a significant need for health service committee members to be supported to work effectively with their consumer representatives.