bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An NIR Fluorescence Turn‐on and MRl Bimodal Probe for Concurrent Real‐time in vivo Sensing and Labeling of β‐Galactosidase
Authors: Yu Qiao , Zhang Lei , Jiang Mou , Xiao Long , Xiang Yunhui , Wang Ruifang , Liu Zhaoqing , Zhou Rui , Yang Minghui , Li Conggang , Liu Maili , Zhou Xin , Chen Shizhen
Published: September 2023

To realize sensing and labeling biomarkers is quite challenging in terms of designing multimodal imaging probes. In this study, we developed a novel β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) activated bimodal imaging probe that combines near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enable real‐time visualization of activity in living organisms. Upon β‐gal activation, Gal‐Cy‐Gd‐1 exhibits a remarkable 42‐fold increase in NIR fluorescence intensity at 717 nm, allowing covalent labeling of adjacent target enzymes or proteins and avoiding molecular escape to promote probe accumulation at the tumor site. This fluorescence reaction enhances the longitudinal relaxivity by approximately 1.9 times, facilitating high‐resolution MRI. The unique features of Gal‐Cy‐Gd‐1 enable real‐time and precise visualization of β‐gal activity in live tumor cells and mice. The probe's utilization aids in identifying in situ ovarian tumors, offering valuable assistance in the precise removal of tumor tissue during surgical procedures in mice. The fusion of NIR fluorescence and MRI activation through self‐immobilizing target enzymes or proteins provides a robust approach for visualizing β‐gal activity. Moreover, this approach sets the groundwork for developing other activatable bimodal probes, allowing real‐time in vivo imaging of enzyme activity and localization.
Über die Kette (Pt), H2(1 atm)/HBr, Hg2Br2(s)/Hg in organischen Lösungsmitteln und ihren Gemischen mit Wasser Ü. (Pt), H2(1 atm)/HBr(m), Methanol (x), H2O(100‐x), Hg2Br2(s)/Hg
Authors: Schwabe K. , Ferse E. , Rudolph W.
Published: September 2023

Aus Ketten ohne Überführung (I und Ü) werden mittlere Aktivitätskoeffizienten von HBr in Wasser und Wasser‐Methanol‐Gemischen bestimmt. Die aus den Temperaturkoeffizienten zugänglichen thermodynamischen Größen wie Entropie, Enthalpie und freie Enthalpie werden angegeben. Für die Wasser‐Methanol‐Gemische als neues Lösungsmittel werden Standard‐EMK‐Werte sowie Medieneffekte berechnet.
The mechanism of the thermal decomposition of ethyl nitrite
Authors: Marta F. , Seres L.
Published: September 2023

The thermal decomposition of ethyl nitrite has been studied in the temperature range 200 – 230 °C and at pressures ranging from 20 – 200 Torr. The reaction was followed by pressure change and gas chromatographic measurements. The products of the decomposition were found to be nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetal and water. The effect of the products on the rate of the decomposition and on the product distribution has also been investigated. The acetaldehyde increased the rate of the decomposition and the yield of acetal and ethanol, while it decreased the yield of nitrous oxide. The nitric oxide reduced the rate and the yield of acetal and increased the yield of acetaldehyde and that of nitrous oxide. The mechanism suggested is able to account for the experimental results.
Spinal accessory nerve anatomy in the posterior cervical triangle: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Koliarakis Ioannis , Manatakis Dimitrios K. , Tsitsipanis Christos , Drakonaki Elena , Tsamandouras Ioannis , Tsiaoussis John
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to investigate the anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) in the posterior cervical triangle, especially in relation to adjacent anatomical landmarks, along with a systematic review of the current literature with a meta‐analysis of the data. Overall, 22 cadaveric and three prospective intraoperative studies, with a total of 1346 heminecks, were included in the analysis. The major landmarks relevant to the entry of the SAN at the posterior border of the SCM muscle (PBSCM) were found to be the mastoid apex, the great auricular point (GAP), the nerve point (NP), and the point where the PBSCM meets the upper border of the clavicle. The SAN was reported to enter the posterior cervical triangle above GAP in 100% of cases and above NP in most cases (97.5%). The mean length of the SAN along its course from the entry point to its exit point from the posterior triangle of the neck was 4.07 ± 1.13 cm. The SAN mainly gave off 1 or 2 branches (32.5% and 31%, respectively) and received either no branches or one branch in most cases (58% and 23%, respectively) from the cervical plexus during its course in the posterior cervical triangle. The major landmarks relevant to the entry of the SAN at the anterior border of the TPZ muscle (ABTPZ) were found to be the point where the ABTPZ meets the upper border of the clavicle and the midpoint of the clavicle, along with the mastoid apex, the acromion, and the transverse distance of the SAN exit point to the PBSCM. The results of the present meta‐analysis will be helpful to surgeons operating in the posterior cervical triangle, aiding the avoidance of the iatrogenic injury of the SAN.
Deficiency of SR‐B1 reduced the tumor load of colitis‐induced or APCmin/+‐induced colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Qijun , Wang Lixue , Song Hui , Xing Wen , Shi Junfeng , Li Yudi , Wang Ziqian , Chen Jinlong , Xie Nan , Zhao Wenhua
Published: September 2023

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumors in the world. Cholesterol plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tumors. One of the cholesterol transporters, scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR‐B1), a multi‐ligand membrane receptor protein, is expressed in the intestines which also highly expressed in various tumors. But the potential mechanism of SR‐B1 in CRC development has not been reported.

Aims

This study aimed to clarify the importance of SR‐B1 in the development and prognosis of CRC as much as possible to provide a possible strategy in CRC treatment.

Materials & Methods

In this study, we used SR‐B1 gene knockdown mice to study the effect of SR‐B1 on colitis‐induced or APCmin/+‐induced CRC. The expression of related molecules were detected through the immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin–eosin staining, western blot analysis, and Flow cytometry. The gene expression and microbiota in microenvironment of CRC mice were analyzed through eukaryotic mRNA sequencing and 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing.

Results

The results showed that SR‐B1 knockdown reduced the tumor load of colitis‐induced or APCmin/+‐induced CRC. SR‐B1 knockdown improved the immune microenvironment by affecting the level of tumor‐associated macrophage (TAM), mononuclear myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (M‐MDSCs), granulocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (G‐MDSCs), programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and human leukocyte antigen class I‐B (HLA‐B), and also reduced the level of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDL‐R), and increased the level of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) to regulate the cholesterol metabolism, and regulated the expression of related genes and intestinal microbiota. SR‐B1 knockdown can also trigger the anti‐CRC effect of anti‐PD 1 in colitis‐induced CRC.

Discussion

SR‐B1 deficiency significantly improved the immunity in tumor microenvironment of colitis‐induced or APCmin/+‐induced CRC. In addition, the microbiota changes caused by SR‐B1 deficiency favor improving the immune response to chemotherapeutic drugs and anti‐PD1 therapy. The mechanism of action of SR‐B1 deficiency on the development of CRC still needs further in‐depth research.

Conclusion

This study provides a new treatment strategy for treating CRC by affecting the expression of SR‐B1 in intestine.
Estimating the overall survival benefit of adjuvant chemo‐endocrine therapy in women over age 50 with pT1‐2N0 early stage breast cancer and 21‐gene recurrence score ≥26: A National Cancer Database analysis
Authors: Stabellini Nickolas , Cao Lifen , Towe Christopher W. , Amin Amanda L. , Montero Alberto J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Validation studies of the 21‐gene recurrence score (RS) previously demonstrated that adjuvant chemotherapy plus endocrine therapy (CET) was associated with a significant survival benefit in women with node negative breast cancer (BC) and RS >31. However, the TAILORx trial, did not quantify the benefit of adjuvant CET in older women with node negative hormone receptor positive (HR+) BC with RS ≥26. We hypothesized that CET would be associated with improved overall survival (OS) compared to endocrine therapy (ET) in women >50 with HR+/HER2‐node negative BC and RS ≥26.

Methods

The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried to identify women >50 with RS ≥26 ER+/HER2‐BC pT1‐2N0M0. Chi‐square and logistic regression analysis determined the difference between ET and CET. OS was analyzed using a multivariable Cox model.

Results

We included 16,745 women—4740 (28.3%) received ET and 12,005 (71.7%) received CET. Women who received CET had: moderately (OR = 1.853, p < 0.001) or poorly/undifferentiated tumors (OR = 3.875, p < 0.001), pT2 (OR = 1.356, p < 0.001), or lymph‐vascular invasion (OR = 1.206, p = 0.001). After accounting for demographic and oncologic factors, 5‐year OS rates were significantly superior in women receiving CET vs. ET alone (95.4% vs. 92.0%, Hazard Ratio = 0.680, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

We observed that CET was associated with a clinically and statistically significant higher OS compared to ET alone in women >50 years of age with RS ≥26 pT1 and pT2 N0M0 HR+/HER2‐breast cancer, and which suggests that cytotoxic chemotherapy has an impact on reducing mortality that is independent of induction of premature ovarian failure.
Body mass index and incident cardiometabolic conditions in relation to obesity‐related cancer risk: A population‐based cohort study in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Recalde Martina , Pistillo Andrea , Viallon Vivian , Fontvieille Emma , Duarte‐Salles Talita , Freisling Heinz
Published: September 2023

Background

We investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and obesity‐related cancer risk among individuals with/without incident hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the joint associations of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and each cardiometabolic condition with obesity‐related cancer risk

Methods

We conducted a population‐based cohort (n = 1,774,904 individuals aged ≥40 years and free of cancer and cardiometabolic conditions at baseline) study between 2010 and 2018 with electronic health records from Spain. Our main outcome measures were hazard ratios (HRs) for incident obesity‐related cancers and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI).

Results

A total of 38,082 individuals developed obesity‐related cancers after a median of 8 years of follow‐up. The positive association between BMI and obesity‐related cancer risk was similar among individuals free of cardiometabolic conditions (hazard ratio, HR per 5 kg/m2: 1.08, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.06–1.10) and with incident HTN (1.05, 1.01–1.08). The association among those with incident T2DM was null (0.98, 0.93–1.03). There was a positive additive interaction between overweight/obesity and CVD (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI]: 0.19 [0.09, 0.30]), meaning that the combined association was 0.19 more than the sum of the individual associations. In contrast, a RERI of −0.24 (−0.28, −0.20) was observed for the combined association between overweight/obesity and T2DM.

Conclusions

Public health strategies to reduce overweight can help prevent cancer cases among the general population and individuals with incident HTN/CVD. Further, weight‐loss interventions seem to lead to a greater cancer risk reduction among individuals with CVD.
Acute valve malfunction with thrombosed bioprosthetic valve after surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Moriuchi Hiroki , Koide Masaaki , Kunii Yoshifumi , Maeda Takuya , Shimbori Risa
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Acute valve thrombosis after bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement even under anticoagulation therapy is extremely rare. Cardiac computed tomography is a powerful imaging tool to detect valve thrombosis, and surgery is necessary in case of unstable hemodynamics.
Type IV‐A choledochal cyst with choledocholithiasis in an adult female: A case report
Authors: Bhattarai Pratik , Timilsina Bishowdeep , Khanal Prasun
Published: September 2023

A choledochal cyst is a rare congenital anomaly of the biliary system, characterized by bile duct cystic dilatation, typically affecting the common bile duct. Choledochal cysts are generally categorized using the Todani classification system. The typical symptoms are jaundice, abdominal masses, and recurrent abdominal pain. As most cases are diagnosed in children, adult presentations are uncommon and often associated with complications. A 22‐year‐old female patient complained of severe abdominal pain and vomiting for 5 days, with signs of jaundice. Her abdominal ultrasound revealed fusiform dilation of the extrahepatic common bile duct with multiple calculi in its distal‐most part. On CT cholangiogram of the abdomen, Type IV‐A Choledochal cyst with non‐obstructive choledocholithiasis was found. Although rare, choledochal cysts are a well‐known clinical entity. It is essential to diagnose and treat patients because they may develop complications. Cholecystectomy combined with Roux‐en‐Y hepaticojejunostomy is the preferred treatment for Type IV‐A choledochal cysts. Since choledochal cysts in adults are uncommon, early detection and treatment are essential to avoid serious complications. Ultrasonography (USG), Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and Computed tomography (CT) can provide a diagnosis.
Delayed nasoseptal flap reuse in patients with revision endoscopic endonasal anterior skull base surgery
Authors: Lee Ye Hwan , Lee Seung Hoon , Seo Min Young
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

The reuse of the nasoseptal flap represents a favorable option for skull base reconstruction in revision endoscopic anterior skull base surgery. This study demonstrated that a detached nasoseptal flap can remain viable for several days even if not immediately reattached.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Modulated FeSe/C Anode Materials for High‐Stable and Long‐Life Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu Jie , Xiao Dengji , Chen Yuhui , Zhang Shuo , Yan Liting , Gu Xin , Zhao Xuebo
Published: September 2023

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been demonstrated to effectively enhance the potassium storage performance of transition metal selenides due to its robust mechanical properties and high conductivity. However, the impact of rGO on the electrode‐electrolyte interface, a crucial factor in the electrochemical performance of potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), requires further exploration. In this study, we synthesized a seamless architecture of rGO on FeSe/C nanocrystals (FeSe/C@rGO). Comparative analysis between FeSe/C and FeSe/C@rGO reveals that the rGO layer exhibits robust adsorption energies towards EC and DEC, inducing the formation of organic‐rich solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) without damage to the structural integrity. Furthermore, incorporating rGO triggers K+‐ions into the double electrode layer (EDL), markedly improving the transport of K+‐ions. As a PIB anode, FeSe/C@rGO exhibits a reversible capacity of 332 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 300 cycles, along with excellent long‐term cycling stability, showcasing an ultralow decay rate of only 0.086 % per cycle after 1900 cycles at 1000 mA g−1.
Recent Developments of Dual Single‐Atom Catalysts for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liang Mengfang , Shao Xiaodong , Lee Hyoyoung
Published: September 2023

Ammonia is vital for fertilizer production, hydrogen storage, and alternative fuels. The conventional Haber‐Bosch process for ammonia production is energy‐intensive and environmentally harmful. Designing environmentally friendly and low‐energy consumption strategies for electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (ENRR) in mild conditions is meaningful. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been studied extensively for NRR due to their high atomic utilization and unique electronic structure but are limited by their poor faradic efficiency and low ammonia formation yield. Dual single‐atom catalysts (DSACs) have recently emerged as a promising solution for the effective activation of molecular N2, providing diverse active sites and synergistic interactions between adjacent atoms. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in metal DSACs for electrochemical ENRR based on both theoretical calculations and experimental studies, including aspects such as their variety, coordination, support, N2 adsorption and activity mechanisms, the characterization of NRR and electrochemical cell Configuration. We also address challenges and prospects in this rapidly evolving field, providing a comprehensive overview of DSACs for ENRR.
Decarboxylative Amination with Nitroarenes via Synergistic Catalysis†
Authors: Ding Meiling , Zhou Sitian , Yao Shunruo , Zhu Chengjian , Li Weipeng , Xie Jin
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive Summary

In this paper, we have developed a decarboxylative amination of carboxylic acids with nitroarenes for the synthesis of secondary amines. The protocol is performed at mild conditions without the use of noble metals as catalysts. A wide range of structurally diverse secondary amines could be obtained in good yields (up to 94%) with good functional group tolerance. This transformation shows good to excellent selectivity, avoiding the generation of over alkylated byproducts.
Top advances of the year: Myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Bhave Rupali R. , Mesa Ruben , Grunwald Michael R.
Published: September 2023

The rapid pace of drug development in hematology has led to multiple approvals for myelofibrosis (MF) and polycythemia vera (PV) in recent years. Moreover, there are many innovative agents and combinations being explored for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). In the past year, there have been several advances in MF, PV, and essential thrombocythemia. In MF, investigational approaches are focusing on strategies to optimize inhibition of signal transduction (including JAK inhibition), modify epigenetics, enhance apoptosis, target DNA replication, transform host immunity, and/or alter the tumor microenvironment. In PV, ropeginterferon alfa‐2b has been introduced to the market in the United States, and data continue to accumulate to support the safety and efficacy of this treatment. Hepcidin mimesis is also emerging as a novel way to treat erythrocytosis. In essential thrombocythemia, ropeginterferon alfa‐2b is being evaluated, as are therapies to modify epigenetics and inhibit CALR. The enhanced focus on MPNs brings hope that our field can improve morbidity and mortality in this group of diseases.
Larotrectinib efficacy and safety in adult patients with tropomyosin receptor kinase fusion sarcomas
Authors: Kummar Shivaani , Shen Lin , Hong David S. , McDermott Ray , Keedy Vicki L. , Casanova Michela , Demetri George D. , Dowlati Afshin , Melcón Soledad Gallego , Lassen Ulrik N. , Leyvraz Serge , Liu Tianshu , Moreno Victor , Patel Jyoti , Patil Tejas , Mallick Atrayee Basu , Sousa Nuno , Tahara Makoto , Ziegler David S. , Norenberg Ricarda , Arvis Pierre , Brega Nicoletta , Drilon Alexander , Tan Daniel S. W.
Published: September 2023

Background

Larotrectinib, a first‐in‐class, highly selective tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in adult and pediatric patients with various solid tumors harboring NTRK gene fusions. This subset analysis focuses on the efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in an expanded cohort of adult patients with TRK fusion sarcomas.

Methods

Patients (≥18 years old) with sarcomas harboring NTRK gene fusions were identified from three clinical trials. Patients received larotrectinib 100 mg orally twice daily. Response was investigator‐assessed per RECIST v1.1. Data cutoff was July 20, 2021.

Results

At the data cutoff, 36 adult patients with TRK fusion sarcomas had initiated larotrectinib therapy: two (6%) patients had bone sarcomas, four (11%) had gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and 30 (83%) had soft tissue sarcomas. All patients were evaluable for response and demonstrated an objective response rate of 58% (95% confidence interval, 41–74). Patients responded well to larotrectinib regardless of number of prior lines of therapy. Adverse events (AEs) were mostly grade 1/2. Grade 3 treatment‐emergent AEs (TEAEs) occurred in 15 (42%) patients. There were no grade 4 TEAEs. Two grade 5 TEAEs were reported, neither of which were considered related to larotrectinib. Four (11%) patients permanently discontinued treatment due to TEAEs.

Conclusions

Larotrectinib demonstrated robust and durable responses, extended survival benefit, and a favorable safety profile in adult patients with TRK fusion sarcomas with longer follow‐up. These results continue to demonstrate that testing for NTRK gene fusions should be incorporated into the clinical management of adult patients with various types of sarcomas.

Plain Language Summary

Tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) fusion proteins result from translocations involving the NTRK gene and cause cancer in a range of tumor types.

Larotrectinib is an agent that specifically targets TRK fusion proteins and is approved for the treatment of patients with TRK fusion cancer.

This study looked at how well larotrectinib worked in adult patients with sarcomas caused by TRK fusion proteins.

Over half of patients had a durable response to larotrectinib, with no unexpected side effects.

These results show that larotrectinib is safe and effective in adult patients with TRK fusion sarcomas.
Outcome of Philadelphia chromosome‐positive chronic myeloid leukemia in the United States since the introduction of imatinib therapy—The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 2000–2019
Authors: Sasaki Koji , Haddad Fadi G. , Short Nicholas J. , Jain Nitin , Issa Ghayas , Jabbour Elias , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: September 2023

Background

Since the introduction of BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in 2000, the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has improved significantly.

Methods

This study aimed to evaluate Ph‐positive CML outcomes in the TKI therapy era, considering factors like age, ethnicity, and income. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, 2857 patients with Ph‐positive CML diagnosed from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed.

Results

The overall 5‐year survival rates in Ph‐positive CML increased to above 80%, compared with pre‐TKIs historical data reporting 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates of less than 50%. The 5‐year OS rate was 73% for patients diagnosed in 2000–2004, 82% in 2005–2009, and 78% in 2010–2014; the 4‐year OS rate was 83% in 2015–2019. The 5‐year OS rate for younger patients (<60 years old) was 88% in 2000–2009 and 90% in 2010–2019 (p value .426). In older patients (60+ years old), the 5‐year OS rates were 64% and 65%, respectively (p value, .303). Lower household income was associated with inferior survival across the 2000–2019. These results are inferior to European studies where TKIs are universally available and affordable, and relative OS in CML is similar to age‐matched normal populations.

Conclusions

Although the outcome of Ph‐positive CML has improved significantly since 2000, the SEER data still shows differences in outcomes among patient subsets, some anticipated (worse OS in older patients accounted by the relative OS), but others that suggest less than universal access and affordability of this therapy (among poorer patients) in the United States.
Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) of image‐guided FNA specimens improves subsequent core biopsy adequacy in clinical trial patients: The impact of preanalytical factors and its correlation with survival
Authors: Graham Ashleigh J. , Robinson Mahalia T. , Kahler Jessica , Azadi Javad R. , Maleki Zahra
Published: September 2023

Background

Sufficient tumor collection has become of utmost importance in therapeutic experimental protocols. Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) ensures adequate sampling for quantification of biomarkers, molecular analyses, and other ancillary studies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the role of ROSE in trial‐associated fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and to analyze predictors of adequacy and cumulative survival from in‐house FNA cases used in clinical trials.

Methods

Clinical trial FNA biopsies performed at a large academic institution were analyzed over 10 months using a comprehensive chart review of the electronic medical records. SPSS version 28 was used for statistical analysis.

Results

Three hundred twenty‐five FNAs were collected for 57 clinical trials. In total, 225 individual patients had an average of 1.4 FNA procedures each as a result of a multidepartmental collaborative effort. ROSE was performed for all patients, and adequacy was evaluated by cytotechnologists. Seventy‐eight percent of samples were considered adequate, 14% were considered less than optimal, and 8% were considered inadequate, with the latter two categories designated together as less than adequate. The imaging modalities were mainly ultrasound‐guided (n = 267; 82%) and computed tomography‐guided (n = 58; 18%). There was a statistically significant association between adequate sampling and ultrasound‐guided biopsies (83%) compared with computed tomography‐guided biopsies (59%; p < .01). The effect of body mass index (BMI) on mortality was also a significant finding. The authors observed a survival benefit in patients who had elevated BMIs (range, 25.0–34.9 kg/m2) compared with those who were underweight (BMI, <18.5 kg/m2) or class III obese (BMI, >35.0 kg/m2; p < .01). Therefore, the best predictors of adequacy and mortality were imaging modality and BMI, respectively.

Conclusions

Ultrasound‐guided modalities are recommended for obtaining adequate FNA sampling for clinical trials. In addition, patients with cancer who had slightly elevated BMIs (25.0–34.0 kg/m2) had increased overall survival in this cohort.
Prevalence and risk factors of peri‐implant diseases at patient‐level: A cross‐sectional study in Syria
Authors: Aljalloud Asmaa A. A. , Dayoub Suleiman , Tolibah Yasser Alsayed
Published: September 2023

Objectives

This research aims to assess the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases and to analyze variables of the probable risk at the patient level associated with the occurrence of peri‐implant diseases in Syrian patients.

Materials and Methods

A cross‐sectional study has been carried out on 142 patients with 380 dental implants placed between 2015 and 2021. Patients were invited by phone to return to Damascus University's Periodontology Department for clinical and radiological examination. A descriptive statistical analysis was implemented for the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases at the level of the patients. Also, the peri‐implant diseases' factors of risk were determined by the multivariate analytical model.

Results

The prevalence rate of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis in patients was 58.5% and 25.4%, respectively. Peri‐implant disease is associated with multivariate risk indices, gender female (peri‐implant mucositis [OR = 0.269; 95% CI: 0.131−0.552] and peri‐implantitis [OR = 0.561; 95% CI: 0.561−0.216]), diabetes (peri‐implant mucositis [OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.73−12.73]), periodontitis (peri‐implant mucositis [OR = 2.409; 95% CI: 1.760−2.613], peri‐implantitis [OR = 10.445; 95% CI: 4.097−26.629]).

Conclusions

Peri‐implant diseases are common in the Syrian community. Several patient‐level variables (gender female, diabetes, and periodontitis) are associated with peri‐implant disease.
Third‐order filtering crossover using dual‐mode resonator for high‐isolated channels
Authors: Qiu Lei‐Lei , Guo Yiming , Zhu Lei , Ouyang Zhao‐An , Huang Shengxiang , Deng Lianwen
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a high‐selective crossover with a third‐order filtering characteristic, high passband isolation, and multiple controllable transmission zeros based on a coupled topology using single‐ and dual‐mode resonators. By virtue of the odd‐ and even‐mode feature of the stub‐loaded dual‐mode ring resonator, not only can the two resonant modes for different passbands be relatively independently controlled, but also better isolation can be achieved. With a single‐mode resonator and stub‐loaded dual‐mode resonant coupling topology, the resultant crossover can perform third‐order filtering performance in two distinct passbands/channels and generate several transmission zeros outside the desired bands to improve the isolation between the passbands. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with conventional works, the filtering order of the proposed crossover is promoted and its passband isolation can be significantly improved by about 8 dB. The proposed work may facilitate its widespread applications in high‐performance multichannel integrated microwave systems for avoiding interference between multiple intersecting signal paths.
Rspo1 and Rspo3 are required for sensory lineage neural crest formation in mouse embryos
Authors: Shinozuka Takuma , Aoki Motoko , Hatakeyama Yudai , Sasai Noriaki , Okamoto Hitoshi , Takada Shinji
Published: September 2023

Background

R‐spondins (Rspos) are secreted proteins that modulate Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. At the early stages of spinal cord development, Wnts (Wnt1, Wnt3a) and Rspos (Rspo1, Rspo3) are co‐expressed in the roof plate, suggesting that Rspos are involved in development of dorsal spinal cord and neural crest cells in cooperation with Wnt ligands.

Results

Here, we found that Rspo1 and Rspo3, as well as Wnt1 and Wnt3a, maintained roof‐plate‐specific expression until late embryonic stages. Rspo1‐ and Rspo3‐double‐knock‐out (dKO) embryos partially exhibited the phenotype of Wnt1 and Wnt3a dKO embryos. While the number of Ngn2‐positive sensory lineage neural crest cells is reduced in Rspo‐dKO embryos, development of dorsal spinal cord, including its size and dorso‐ventral patterning in early development, elongation of the roof plate, and proliferation of ependymal cells, proceeded normally. Consistent with these slight defects, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling was not obviously changed in developing spinal cord of dKO embryos.

Conclusions

Our results show that Rspo1 and Rspo3 are dispensable for most developmental processes involving roof plate‐derived Wnt ligands, except for specification of a subtype of neural crest cells. Thus, Rspos may modulate Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in a context‐dependent manner.
Age‐specific reproduction in female Steller sea lions in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Hastings Kelly K. , Jemison Lauri A. , Pendleton Grey W. , Johnson Devin S. , Gelatt Thomas S.
Published: September 2023

Age‐, region‐, and year‐specific estimates of reproduction are needed for monitoring wildlife populations during periods of ecosystem change. Population dynamics of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Southeast Alaska varied regionally (with high population growth and survival in the north vs. the south) and annually (with reduced adult female survival observed following a severe marine heatwave event), but reproductive performance is currently unknown. We used mark‐resighting data from 1006 Steller sea lion females marked as pups at ~3 weeks of age from 1994 to 1995 and from 2001 to 2005 and resighted from 2002 to 2019 (to a maximum age of 25) to examine age‐, region‐, and year‐specific reproduction. In the north versus the south, age of first reproduction was earlier (beginning at age 4 vs. age 5, respectively) but annual birth probabilities of parous females were reduced by 0.05. In an average year pre‐heatwave, the proportion of females with pup at the end of the pupping season peaked at ages 12–13 with ~0.60/0.65 (north/south) with pup, ~0.30/0.25 with juvenile, and ~0.10 (both regions) without a dependent. In both regions, reproductive senescence was gradual after age 12: ~0.40, 0.40, and 0.20 of females were in these reproductive states, respectively, by age 20. Correcting for neonatal mortality, true birth probabilities at peak ages were 0.66/0.72 (north/south). No cost of reproduction on female survival was detected, but pup production remained lower (−0.06) after the heatwave event, which if sustained could result in population decline in the south. Reduced pup production and greater retention of juveniles during periods of poor prey conditions may be an important strategy for Steller sea lions in Southeast Alaska, where fine‐tuning reproduction based on nutritional status may improve the lifetime probability of producing pups under good conditions in a variable and less productive environment.
The High–Low Arctic boundary: How is it determined and where is it located?
Authors: Ermokhina Ksenia A. , Terskaia Anna I. , Ivleva Tatiana Yu. , Dudov Sergey V. , Zemlianskii Vitalii А. , Telyatnikov Michael Yu. , Khitun Olga V. , Troeva Elena I. , Koroleva Natalia E. , Abdulmanova Svetlana Yu.
Published: September 2023

Geobotanical subdivision of landcover is a baseline for many studies. The High–Low Arctic boundary is considered to be of fundamental natural importance. The wide application of different delimitation schemes in various ecological studies and climatic scenarios raises the following questions: (i) What are the common criteria to define the High and Low Arctic? (ii) Could human impact significantly change the distribution of the delimitation criteria? (iii) Is the widely accepted temperature criterion still relevant given ongoing climate change? and (iv) Could we locate the High–Low Arctic boundary by mapping these criteria derived from modern open remote sensing and climatic data? Researchers rely on common criteria for geobotanical delimitation of the Arctic. Unified circumpolar criteria are based on the structure of vegetation cover and climate, while regional specifics are reflected in the floral composition. However, the published delimitation schemes vary greatly. The disagreement in the location of geobotanical boundaries across the studies manifests in poorly comparable results. While maintaining the common principles of geobotanical subdivision, we derived the boundary between the High and Low Arctic using the most up‐to‐date field data and modern techniques: species distribution modeling, radar, thermal and optical satellite imagery processing, and climatic data analysis. The position of the High–Low Arctic boundary in Western Siberia was clarified and mapped. The new boundary is located 50–100 km further north compared to all the previously presented ones. Long‐term anthropogenic press contributes to a change in the vegetation structure but does not noticeably affect key species ranges. A previously specified climatic criterion for the High–Low Arctic boundary accepted in scientific literature has not coincided with the boundary in Western Siberia for over 70 years. The High–Low Arctic boundary is distinctly reflected in biodiversity distribution. The presented approach is appropriate for accurate mapping of the High–Low Arctic boundary in the circumpolar extent.
Biological invasions alter the structure of a tropical freshwater food web
Authors: Sharpe Diana M. T. , Valverde Marisol P. , De León Luis F. , Hendry Andrew P. , Torchin Mark E.
Published: September 2023

Biological invasions are expected to alter food web structure, but there are limited empirical data directly comparing invaded versus uninvaded food webs, particularly in species‐rich, tropical systems. We characterize for the first time the food web of Lake Gatun—a diverse and highly invaded tropical freshwater lake within the Panama Canal. We used stable isotope analysis to reconstruct the trophic structure of the fish community of Lake Gatun and to compare it to that of a minimally invaded reference lake, Lake Bayano. We found significant differences between the trophic structures of these two Neotropical lakes, notably that Lake Gatun's fish community was characterized by a longer food chain, greater isotopic diversity, a broader range of trophic positions and body sizes, and shifts in the isotopic positions of several native taxa relative to Lake Bayano. The degree of isotopic overlap between native and non‐native trophic guilds in Lake Gatun was variable, with herbivores exhibiting the lowest (20%–29%) overlap and carnivores the greatest (81%–100%). Overall, our results provide some of the first empirical evidence for the ways in which multiple introduced and native species may partition isotopic space in a species‐rich tropical freshwater food web.
Application of aptamer‐conjugated graphene oxide for specific enrichment of microcystin‐LR in Achatina fulica prior to matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Feng Junli , Dong Linpei , Wang Haixing , Xie Yihong , Wang Huizi , Ding Lan , Song Gongshuai , Zhang Jian , Li Ting , Shen Qing , Zhang Yunfeng
Published: September 2023

Microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR), as a hepatotoxin, can cause liver swelling, hepatitis, and even liver cancer. In this study, MC‐LR aptamer (Apt‐3) modified graphene oxide (GO) was designed to enrich MC‐LR in white jade snail (Achatina fulica) and pond water, followed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) analysis. Results indicated that the Apt‐3/PEG/GO nanocomposites were highly specific to MC‐LR, and the detection limit of MALDI‐MS was 0.50 ng/mL. Moreover, the MC‐LR can be released from nanocomposites at 75°C, thus, the reuse of Apt‐3/PEG/GO is realized. Real sample analysis indicated that the Apt‐3/PEG/GO nanocomposites coupled with MALDI‐MS were efficient in detecting trace amounts of MC‐LR in real samples. With the merits of being low cost, reusable, and easy to besynthesized, this Apt‐3/PEG/GO MALDI‐MS is expected to be comprehensively applied by anchoring suitable aptamers for different targets.
Ceramic membrane filtration of water samples from Ain Fayda Lake and cement factory (Al‐Ain), United Arab Emirates
Authors: Saibi Hakim , Arata Nakamura , Kazuyuki Kawamura , Mohamed Balqees , Alblooshi Nouf , Almheiri Shama
Published: September 2023

This article presents a Ceramic Membrane‐based Produced Water Treatment Technology and its application to water samples from Al‐Ain (Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates). The samples were collected during the summer of 2022 from Ain Fayda (lake water) and Al‐Ain cement factory (groundwater). This study investigates the effectiveness of the ceramic membrane for treating water samples and removing solid particles. A dead‐end filtration mode with a filtration flux of 3 m3/m2/d was used. For the Ain Fayda Lake water sample, the transmembrane pressure during filtration reached 120 kPa (temperature adjusted to 25°C); air blowing was used to reduce the transmembrane pressure to around 70 kPa and Total Suspended Solids were reduced from 1.4 to <1 mg/L during 160 min of filtration. For the Al‐Ain cement factory water sample, the transmembrane pressure during filtration reached 160 kPa (temperature adjusted to 25°C); air blowing reduced the transmembrane pressure to around 65 kPa and the Total Suspended Solids from 9.1 to <1 mg/L during 130 min of filtration. Both water samples belong to the Na‐Cl water type. Overall, this work shows the effectiveness of the Ceramic Membrane‐based Produced Water Treatment Technology for reducing Total Suspended Solids in sampled waters; thus, we recommend this approach for treating surface waters in Al‐Ain to improve the environment and possible usage in agriculture.
Drug and Defibrillator Interactions
Authors: Carnes Cynthia A. , Mehdirad Ali A. , Nelson Steven D.
Published: September 2023

We reviewed the interactions of drugs and defibrillators, with emphasis on implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Articles were identified by searching MEDLINE from 1966 to the present; additional sources were identified from reference lists in these articles. Drugs have the potential for both beneficial and harmful interactions with electrical therapy. Beneficial interactions include reductions in the energy required to defibrillate the heart and in the occurrence of arrhythmia resulting in decreased shock frequency, prolonged device longevity, and improved patient comfort. Potentially harmful interactions include altering the detection of ventricular tachycardia; altering the pacing threshold, resulting in interference with bradycardia or anti‐tachycardia pacing; development of incessant ventricular tachycardia; and increasing the energy required to defibrillate the heart. As the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators increases, pharmacists should be aware of the potential for drug‐device interactions.
Insulin Lispro, a New Insulin Analog
Authors: Kucera Michelle L. , Graham John. P.
Published: September 2023

Insulin lispro is a rapid‐acting insulin analog to regular insulin. Inversion of the proline‐lysine amino acid sequence at positions 28 and 29 on the B chain is responsible for its more rapid absorption, faster onset, and shorter duration of action compared with regular insulin. The fast onset of action allows for greater flexibility in dosing and mealtime scheduling. Insulin lispro provides equivalent or slightly improved glycemic control in patients with types I and II diabetes mellitus compared with regular insulin, without subsequent increases in hypoglycemic episodes. It also results in greater reduction in postprandial blood glucose excursion than regular insulin. Compared with other insulins, insulin lispro represents a more physiologic approach to exogenous insulin therapy.
Ketoconazole in the Prevention of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: DeVries Annemarie , Semchuk William M. , Betcher Jeffrey G.
Published: September 2023

We conducted a critical review of the literature on ketoconazole in preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a serious disorder associated with high mortality. Two double‐blind, prospective, placebo‐controlled, randomized trials compared ketoconazole with placebo for prophylaxis of ARDS. In one trial, compared with placebo, ketoconazole resulted in a reduced frequency of ARDS (6% vs 31%, p<0.01), lower plasma thromboxane B2 levels (33 vs 75 pg/ml, p<0.05), and shorter intensive care unit stay (7 vs 15.5 days, p<0.05). In the second trial the drug reduced the frequency of ARDS (15% vs 64%, p=0.002), lowered thromboxane B2 levels (83 vs 143 pg/ml), and reduced mortality (15% vs 39%, p=0.05) compared with placebo. Larger multicenter studies are warranted to validate the findings of these two trials.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazole and Dose Optimization in Elderly Chinese Patients
Authors: Wang Jing , Shen Yue , Wu Zejun , Ge Weihong
Published: September 2023

Voriconazole is commonly recommended as a first‐line therapy for invasive aspergillosis infections. Elderly patients are susceptible to infectious diseases owing to their decreased physical function and immune system. Our study aims to establish a population pharmacokinetics model for elderly patients receiving intravenous voriconazole, and to optimize dosing protocols through a simulated approach. An accurate fit to the concentration–time profile of voriconazole was achieved by employing a 1‐compartment model featuring first‐order elimination. The typical clearance rate of voriconazole was found to be 3.22 L/h, with a typical volume of distribution of 194 L. The covariate analysis revealed that albumin (ALB), gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase, and direct bilirubin had significant impacts on voriconazole clearance. Additionally, body weight was found to be associated with the volume of distribution. Individualized dosing regimens were recommended for different ALB levels based on population pharmacokinetics model prediction. The proposed dosing regimens could provide a rationale for dosage individualization, improve the clinical outcomes, and minimize drug‐related toxicities.
Increased expression levels of DLX5 inhibit the development of the nervous system
Authors: Liao Tingting , Xu Xia , Wu Junzi , Xie Yi , Yan Jianying
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. DLX5 plays an important role in the migration and differentiation of subglobus pallidus precursor cells.

Methods

We established a zebrafish line expressing high levels of DLX5 and investigated changes in behavior and development of the nervous system.

Results

The ratios of brain volume area to whole body area at 96 hpf zebrafish in the experimental group (gRNA + CasRx) were significantly lower than the WT group and the negative control group (casRx) (P < 0.01). Behavioral trajectory distances and movement speeds exhibited by the 6th day of development in zebrafish in the experimental group (gRNA + CasRx) were significantly shorter (P < 0.01) and lower (P < 0.05) than the negative control group (gRNA + CasRx), respectively.

Conclusions

Data suggested that the increased expression levels of DLX5 can inhibit brain volume development and behavioral activities in zebrafish. Maybe the high expression levels of DLX5 in the pathological state of preeclampsia can inhibit the development of the nervous system in offspring.
Barriers instructors experience in adopting active learning: Instrument development
Authors: Carroll Laura J. , Reeping David , Finelli Cynthia J. , Prince Michael J. , Husman Jenefer , Graham Matthew , Borrego Maura J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Despite well‐documented benefits, instructor adoption of active learning has been limited in engineering education. Studies have identified barriers to instructors’ adoption of active learning, but there is no well‐tested instrument to measure instructors perceptions of these barriers.

Purpose

We developed and tested an instrument to measure instructors’ perceptions of barriers to adopting active learning and identify the constructs that coherently categorize those barriers.

Method

We used a five‐phase process to develop an instrument to measure instructors’ perceived barriers to adopting active learning. In Phase 1, we built upon the Faculty Instructional Barriers and Identity Survey (FIBIS) to create a draft instrument. In Phases 2 and 3, we conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on an initial 45‐item instrument and a refined 21‐item instrument, respectively. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in Phases 4 and 5 to test the factor structure identified in Phases 2 and 3.

Results

Our final instrument consists of 17 items and four factors: (1) student preparation and engagement; (2) instructional support; (3) instructor comfort and confidence; and (4) institutional environment/rewards. Instructor responses indicated that time considerations do not emerge as a standalone factor.

Conclusions

Our 17‐item instrument exhibits a sound factor structure and is reliable, enabling the assessment of perceived barriers to adopting active learning in different contexts. The four factors align with an existing model of instructional change in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Although time is a substantial instructor concern that did not comprise a standalone factor, it is closely related to multiple constructs in our final model.