bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicity and efficacy of green tea catechin derivative-based micellar nanocomplexes for anticancer protein delivery
Authors: Xiong Sijing , Tan Susi , Huang Peng , Li Yao , Chung Joo Eun , Kurisawa Motoichi , Zink Daniele , Ying Jackie Y.
Published: May 2023

Green tea-based micellar nanocomplexes (MNCs) for tumor-targeted delivery of anticancer proteins are not just drug carriers but therapeutic themselves. MNCs induce apoptosis in cancer cells with no or very low toxicity for HUVECs and kidney cells.
Target-activated T7 transcription circuit-mediated multiple cycling signal amplification for monitoring of flap endonuclease 1 activity in cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Jin-zhi , Zhao Ning-ning , Wang Zi-yue , Hu Juan , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: May 2023

We developed a target-activated T7 transcription circuit-mediated multiple cycling signal amplification platform for monitoring FEN1 activity in cancer cells.
Functionalization of arylacetic acids via directing-group-assisted remote meta-C–H activation
Authors: Srinivas Dasari , Mounika Kurella , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: May 2023

We disclose the microwave-assisted remote-C–H functionalization aided by a simple nitrile directing template via enabling the meta-C–H arylation, acetoxylation, and cyanation with broad substrate compatibility including drug diversifications.
Negating coordinative cysteine and methionine residues during metathesis of unprotected peptides
Authors: Thomson Amy L. , Gleeson Ellen C. , Belgi Alessia , Jackson W. Roy , Izgorodina Ekaterina I. , Robinson Andrea J.
Published: May 2023

In-situ masking of sulfur-containing residues ensures productive Ru-alkylidene catalysed olefin metathesis to generate metabolically stable cystine bridge peptidomimetics with defined geometry.
Zn(ii)-catalysed enantioselective addition of alcohols and tert-butyl hydroperoxide to isatin-derived N-Boc ketimines
Authors: Hou Jiaqi , Xue Leipeng , Yu Tianxu , Li Jiahui , Yu Shibo , Yao Chao , Li Yue-Ming
Published: May 2023

A chiral zinc complex-catalysed addition of alcohols and tert-butyl hydroperoxide to isatin-derived N-Boc ketimines provided the desired products in up to 99% yield and up to 99% ee.
Random copolymerization of trimethylene carbonate with l-lactide initiated by amine-bridged bis(phenolate) neodymium alkoxides
Authors: Hu Guojun , Wang Yanwei , Wang Yaorong , Zhu Xuehua , Yuan Dan , Yao Yingming
Published: May 2023

Neodymium complexes were synthesized and employed as efficient initiators for the random copolymerization of TMC and l-LA under mild conditions.
Enhancing the dissolution and bacteriostatic activity of trimethoprim through salt formation
Authors: Hu Xingchen , Xiao Yuntian , Qi Luguang , Bai Yunhe , Sun Ying , Ye Yang , Xie Chuang
Published: May 2023

Trimethoprim (TMP) is a commonly used BCS class II antibiotic, the water solubility of which needs to be improved to overcome the limitations in oral administration.
The roto-conformational diffusion tensor as a tool to interpret molecular flexibility
Authors: Rampino Sergio , Zerbetto Mirco , Polimeno Antonino
Published: May 2023

The scaled roto-diffusion tensor that includes dissipative and energetic properties of a molecule introduced here describes molecular local and global flexibility allowing a rigorous hierarchical selection of the relevant dynamics.
Hybrid metal-dielectric gratings (HMDGs) as an alternative UV-SERS substrate
Authors: Zheng Jie , Liu Xianchao , Tian Mingyang , Su Yarong , Li Ling
Published: May 2023

Well-defined HMDG nanostructures can exhibit tunable hybrid resonant modes in the UV and visible regions and obtain as high as 5 orders of magnitude compared with that of an Al film as UV-SERS substrates.
Fluorinated carbohydrates for18F-positron emission tomography (PET)
Authors: Campbell Emma , Jordan Christina , Gilmour Ryan
Published: May 2023

In this Tutorial Review, key milestones in the development of 2-[18F]-FDG and related glycan-based radiotracers for PET are described.
MOF-derived Fe2O3/MoSe2 composites for promoted electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Huang Liming , Tao Leiming , Pang Kui , He Shuying , Zhu GuanHua , Duan LinHai , Wen Chenglin , Yu Changlin , Ji Hongbing
Published: May 2023

We employed a simple and low-cost method to synthesize MOF–Fe2O3 nanoparticles, which exhibited excellent performance for N2 reduction under ambient conditions.
Copper-doped carbon nitride as a practical heterogeneous metallaphotocatalyst for aerobic oxidative cross-coupling of tertiary amines with terminal alkynes
Authors: Bai Yilian , Yang Qian , Tang Yurong , Dan Xiao , Wang Wentao , Cai Yunfei
Published: May 2023

A Cu-doped carbon nitride-based heterogeneous metallaphotocatalytic α-alkynylation of tertiary amines has been developed, allowing for green and sustainable synthesis of diverse valuable propargylamines with high efficiency.
A zeolite templating method for fabricating edge site-enriched N-doped carbon materials
Authors: Taniguchi Yurika , Shu Yasuhiro , Takada Ryuji , Miyake Koji , Uchida Yoshiaki , Nishiyama Norikazu
Published: May 2023

This study proposes a zeolite templating method for manufacturing N-doped carbon materials that enable precise control of the locations of catalytically active N sites for the ORR-190546672500.
Solvatochromism in SWCNTs suspended by conjugated polymers in organic solvents
Authors: Dzienia Andrzej , Just Dominik , Janas Dawid
Published: May 2023

Despite the extensive utilization of carbon nanotubes as sensors, the factors that most affect their performance remain insufficiently understood. Here, we investigate how the solvent microenvironment impacts their optical characteristics.
Synthesis of small-sized intermetallic PtCo fuel cell catalysts by promoting inner surface utilization of carbon supports
Authors: Niu Xiaoran , Shao Ru-Yang , Zhang Le , Xu Cong , Song Tian-Wei , Yin Peng , Tong Lei , Su Chenliang , Liang Hai-Wei
Published: May 2023

The utilization of the internal porosity of the carbon support is a key factor for small-sized PtCo IMCs.
Greener design and characterization of biochar/Fe3O4@SiO2–Ag magnetic nanocomposite as efficient catalyst for synthesis of bioactive benzylpyrazolyl coumarin derivatives
Authors: Dharmendra Dharmendra , Chundawat Priyanka , Vyas Yogeshwari , Chaubisa Purnima , Ameta Chetna
Published: May 2023

The study aimed to develop an efficient catalyst, biochar/Fe3O4@SiO2–Ag magnetic nano-composite, to synthesize bioactive benzylpyrazolyl coumarin derivatives through a one-pot multicomponent reaction.
Novel quinoline/thiazinan-4-one hybrids; design, synthesis, and molecular docking studies as potential anti-bacterial candidates against MRSA
Authors: Mohamed Asmaa H. , Mostafa Sara M. , Aly Ashraf A. , Hassan Alaa A. , Osman Esraa M. , Nayl AbdElAziz A. , Brown Alan B. , Abdelhafez Elshimaa M. N.
Published: May 2023

In an attempt to develop effective and safe antibacterial agents, thiazinanones bearing the quinolone scaffold were prepared by reaction of the corresponding (quinolinylmethylene)hydrazinecarbothioamides with 2,3-diphenylcycloprop-2-enone.
COF-300 synthesis and colloidal stabilization with substituted benzoic acids
Authors: Ji Woojung , Kim Dean M. , Posson Brendan M. , Carlson Kyla J. , Chew Alison C. , Chew Alyssa J. , Hossain Meherin , Mojica Alexis F. , Ottoes Sachi M. , Tran Donna V. , Greenberg Matthew W. , Hamachi Leslie S.
Published: May 2023

Colloidal COF-300 synthesis with substituted benzoic acid catalysts demonstrates that acidity plays a role in reaction kinetics and the resulting particle's colloidal stability.
Organelle-targeting ratiometric fluorescent probes: design principles, detection mechanisms, bio-applications, and challenges
Authors: Goshisht Manoj Kumar , Tripathi Neetu , Patra Goutam Kumar , Chaskar Manohar
Published: May 2023

Biological species, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive sulfur species (RSS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), F−, Pd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, and others, are crucial for the healthy functioning of cells in living organisms.
Rod-to-sphere elemental reconstruction of biocompatible Ag2Te–Ag4.53–Te3 nanoparticles for triple negative breast cancer photo-nano-therapy
Authors: Ahn Hojung , Kang Seounghun , Kang Kyungtae , Lee Do Nam , Min Dal-Hee , Jang Hongje
Published: May 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) continue to be applied to agricultural and medical applications because of their antibacterial and antifungal effects.
The function and regulation of ADP-ribosylation in the DNA damage response
Authors: Duma Lena , Ahel Ivan
Published: May 2023

ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification involved in DNA damage response (DDR). In higher organisms it is synthesised by PARP 1–3, DNA strand break sensors. Recent advances have identified serine residues as the most common targets for ADP-ribosylation during DDR. To ADP-ribosylate serine, PARPs require an accessory factor, HPF1 which completes the catalytic domain. Through ADP-ribosylation, PARPs recruit a variety of factors to the break site and control their activities. However, the timely removal of ADP-ribosylation is also key for genome stability and is mostly performed by two hydrolases: PARG and ARH3. Here, we describe the key writers, readers and erasers of ADP-ribosylation and their contribution to the mounting of the DDR. We also discuss the use of PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy and the ways to tackle PARPi treatment resistance.
Chemical labeling and proteomics for characterization of unannotated small and alternative open reading frame-encoded polypeptides
Authors: Chen Yanran , Cao Xiongwen , Loh Ken H. , Slavoff Sarah A.
Published: May 2023

Thousands of unannotated small and alternative open reading frames (smORFs and alt-ORFs, respectively) have recently been revealed in mammalian genomes. While hundreds of mammalian smORF- and alt-ORF-encoded proteins (SEPs and alt-proteins, respectively) affect cell proliferation, the overwhelming majority of smORFs and alt-ORFs remain uncharacterized at the molecular level. Complicating the task of identifying the biological roles of smORFs and alt-ORFs, the SEPs and alt-proteins that they encode exhibit limited sequence homology to protein domains of known function. Experimental techniques for the functionalization of these gene classes are therefore required. Approaches combining chemical labeling and quantitative proteomics have greatly advanced our ability to identify and characterize functional SEPs and alt-proteins in high throughput. In this review, we briefly describe the principles of proteomic discovery of SEPs and alt-proteins, then summarize how these technologies interface with chemical labeling for identification of SEPs and alt-proteins with specific properties, as well as in defining the interactome of SEPs and alt-proteins.
Trajectory feature extraction and multi‐criteria k nearest neighbour based job‐to‐crowd matching for the crowdshipping last mile delivery
Authors: Tsai Pei‐Wei , Xue Xingsi , Zhang Jing
Published: May 2023

Sustainable freight transportation is one of the essential concepts in the smart city. Under this concept, many people connected with mobile devices produce location data and potential opportunities for transporting small objects in a more environmentally friendly and sustainable way. Crowdshipping, which utilises public people as transportation, is one of the terminal solutions in the last mile delivery scenario. Nevertheless, precisely assigning the delivery to the right crowd willing to accept the job is challenging because the solution space is too large to perform a full search. This article proposes a trajectory feature extraction algorithm and a task‐to‐crowd matching (T2CM) algorithm for coping with the job‐to‐crowd assignment problem. A simulation based on the real‐world dataset is conducted on three different scenarios to justify the outcome from our proposed method to the job assignment results.
Vegetation monitoring in the South Aral Sea region by remote sensing and GIS
Authors: Jaksibaev Rashid , Gabbarov Sabit , Abdurahmanov Ilhom , Sultashova Oralkhan , Khafizova Zulfiya
Published: May 2023

Vegetation plays an important role in the study of the environment at the local level. Because plants help to understand the negative changes taking place in the region in a timely manner. One of the most effective ways to get reliable and high-quality information about the condition of plants in a short time is remote sensing. The research selected one of the southern Aral Sea regions of Uzbekistan, which is closest to the dried-up part of the Aral Sea. The research examined changes in the condition of water bodies and sparse and dense vegetation over the past 9 years. The research was conducted using ArcGIS software from the family of modern GIS technologies, using data from Landsat 8. Based on the data obtained from these methods, it was found that the water sources and sparse and dense vegetation areas change over months and years. At the same time, depending on the level of vegetation cover, the periods of agricultural pasture use and fodder harvesting were determined. Using these methods, we are able to make the necessary predictions for the use of pastures.
Application of GIS technologies in the methods of geodetic work in the mapping of demographic processes
Authors: Abdurakhmonov S. , Berdiyev D. , Gulov Sh. , Hazatqulov S. , Bozorov M.
Published: May 2023

Analytical work on rapid data identification based on modeling spatial analysis of data based on geographic information systems (GIS) and technologies is required. As a result, with the help of GIS technologies, the population density in the regions; natural population growth dynamics; a histogram with respect to species; the dependence of the location of the population on the terrain; it is possible to carry out analytical work through spatial analysis of data describing demographic processes such as employment. The study focuses on the ways of geolocation of data from the GPS navigator and the software “Geodesist” in the automatic remote transmission of various demographic processes in the field, including population-related information online to the GIS technology database.
The driving forces of changes in land use of a Peri-urban area: The case of Tselinograd district, Kazakhstan
Authors: Alipbeki O. , Alipbekova Ch. , Mussaif G. , Mineyev N. , Aliyev M. , Akhmetov B. , Turegeldiyeva R.
Published: May 2023

This study focuses on the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and land cover (LULC) in the Tselinograd district, which is a peri-urban area (PUA) of the metropolis Nur-Sultan. The analysis of LULC dynamics in PUA was carried out based on a supervised classification in the twenty-year interval (1998, 2008, and 2018). During the study period, noticeable changes occurred in the structure of LULC. At the border with the city, the built-up area increased dramatically. In the PUA the area of arable land and forests has grown steadily and pasture land has been declining. That is, there is an intensification of land use due to an increase in the share of arable land in the study area. The main drivers of LULC change in PUA are urban expansion and population growth of the Nur Sultan metropolis. In general, as a result of reasonable economic and legislative measures, the influence of the Urban sprawl of the capital of Kazakhstan on the PUA is still accompanied by a slight effect on its sustainable development. Our approach by using Geo-Information Techniques is useful for the rapid detection of phenomena and processes that can lead to the unstable development of PUA.
GIS contribution to the collection and processing of the data for an architectural and graphic reconstruction of the Timurids’ gardens in Samarkand region
Authors: Sadikova Sitora , Amindjanova Malika
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to new methods of deep theoretical study and practical application of GIS tools for the architectural and graphic revival of the disappeared gardens of the Timurids of the 14th-15th centuries. The use of GIS technologies in the field of architecture and landscape art is undeniably effective, they expediently open up a number of previously unattainable opportunities. Besides, GIS provides possibilities to study the change in the geospatial environment through the ages to create data visualization and to determine historical changes in the geographical landscape of the Samarkand region. Create storytelling maps and matching them with old handmade maps, the author found out the location of 12 out of 17 Timurids’ gardens. The historical locations of architectural objects, such as citadels, fortress gates, mausoleums and tombs of religious figures, were identified, according to the descriptions of historians and chroniclers of the Middle Ages and Soviet archaeologists. In order to visualize historical data, all of them were indicated on an interactive storytelling map created by Author1 and served as reference points for the search for the disappeared gardens of Amir Temur.
Influence of the model used for the calculation of equilibrium constants at moderate temperature for electrolytes
Authors: Dickson Okechukwu V. , Deleau Thomas , Coquelet Christophe , Espitalier Fabienne , Lombart Julien , Tardy Antoine
Published: May 2023

The formation of a solid mineral deposit can cause major problems in the conduct of industrial processes such as high pressure acid leaching. Knowledge of the chemical speciation and solubility product of the mineral can help control or inhibit its formation. This speciation is based on knowledge of the thermodynamic equilibrium constants of the dissociation/complexation reactions involved in the system and their temperature dependence. It also depends on the concentration of the different species in the system, the pressure and the activity coefficients of the chemical species present in their molecular or electrolytic form. From these thermodynamic quantities and the state of the system, it is possible to predict the direction of evolution of the reaction, i.e. whether the reactants or the products of the chemical reactions are favoured. This work presents and compares different models for the calculation of activity coefficients for ionic strengths between 0.001 – 6 molal and the calculation of thermodynamic equilibrium constants at temperatures up to 300°C (at zero ionic strength). It confirms the need for reliable thermodynamic data for modeling aqueous systems.
Study of the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Compact and Intensified G/L Contactor: The RPB
Authors: Garba Usman , Rouzineau David , Meyer Michel
Published: May 2023

Modern process equipment needed for safe and economically viable chemical and biological processes requires flexibility, compactness, and a great potential for enhancing mass transfer. Centrifugal process intensification equipment such as the rotating packed bed (RPB) satisfies the above mentioned requirements in addition to zero sensitivity to changes caused by gravity. The fundamental principles of RPBs are yet to be fully established due to difficulty in predicting their behavior which has necessitated the need for treating their design, modeling, and optimization on a case-to-case basis. This study focused on the hydrodynamics (pressure drops) of a pilot-scale RPB equipped with a stainless steel wire mesh packing. The effects of three operational parameters: average high gravity factor, integrated gas capacity factor, and liquid load, as well as a design parameter, the fluid distributor type were investigated. The maximum value of the average gravity factor used was 452. Also, a combined gas capacity factor of 2.6Pa0.5, and a liquid load of up to 20m3m-2h-1 were explored. Additionally, the influence of liquid distributor type on the pressure drop of RPBs was investigated.
Kinetic study of thermal inactivation of enterococci and clostridial spores
Authors: Saad Jihane , Lendormi Thomas , Le Marechal Caroline , Pourcher Anne-Marie , Druilhe Céline , Lanoiselle Jean-Louis
Published: May 2023

In order to better understand the fate of clostridia and enterococci during the heat treatment of livestock effluents, a first approach consisted in modelling their persistence under specific conditions (culture media, pure strain). The objective of this study is to establish the thermal inactivation kinetics of strains belonging to two species of enterococci (E. faecalis and E. faecium), to the species C. difficile and to the species C. novyi (used as a non-toxic model of C. botulinum group III), by evaluating in particular the scales imposed by European regulations.
Dip coating of microemulsions on hollow fibres for improved membrane filtration performance: An industrial perspective?
Authors: Guzelot Chloé , Lahitte Jean-François , Remigy Jean-Christophe
Published: May 2023

Membrane filtration performances can be enhanced by the deposition of a selective thin layer on the surface of a porous substrate. Our simulation focus on the deposition of nanometric bicontinuous microemulsions onto hollow-fibre membranes and its polymerisation using UV modules. To that end, the laws governing the deposition of linear liquids have been extended to the study of the deposition of microemulsions. Our simulation highlights the difficulty of depositing a thin liquid coating on the fibre without causing its capillary penetration into the porosity of the substrate, due to the very low surface tension of microemulsions.
Complications associées à l’arthroscopie, la bursoscopie et la ténoscopie
Authors: Cousty Matthieu
Published: May 2023

Les arthroscopies, bursoscopies et ténoscopies sont des procédures chirurgicales maintenant réalisées couramment en pratique équine. Les complications postopératoires sont rares. Elles peuvent en revanche compromettre l’avenir sportif du cheval.
Complications associées aux chirurgies des voies respiratoires supérieures : larynx et pharynx
Authors: Campos Ariane , Rossignol Fabrice
Published: May 2023

Les chirurgies des voies respiratoires supérieures sont complexes et nécessitent des connaissances anatomiques approfondies. Comprendre l’étiologie et la pathophysiologie des complications qui peuvent survenir est essentiel pour les éviter, les diagnostiquer et résoudre les symptômes associés. La majorité des complications ne sont pas une fatalité et peuvent être gérées avec un bon pronostic.
MPHM: Model poisoning attacks on federal learning using historical information momentum
Authors: Shi Lei , Chen Zhen , Shi Yucheng , Wei Lin , Tao Yongcai , He Mengyang , Wang Qingxian , Zhou Yuan , Gao Yufei
Published: May 2023

Federated learning(FL) development has grown increasingly strong with the increased emphasis on data for individuals and industry. Federated learning allows individual participants to jointly train a global model without sharing local data, which significantly enhances data privacy. However, federated learning is vulnerable to poisoning attacks by malicious participants. Since federated learning does not have access to the participants’ training process, i.e., attackers can compromise the global model by uploading elaborate malicious local updates to the server under the guise of normal participants. Current model poisoning attacks usually add small perturbations to the local model after it is trained to craft harmful local updates and the attacker finds the appropriate perturbation size to bypass robust detection methods and corrupt the global model as much as possible. In contrast, we propose a novel model poisoning attack based on the momentum of history information (MPHM), that is, the attacker makes new malicious updates by dynamically crafting perturbations using the historical information in the local training, which will make the new malicious updates more effective and stealthy. Our attack aims to indiscriminately reduce the testing accuracy of the global model with minimal information. Experiments show that in the classical defense case, our attack can significantly corrupt the accuracy of the global model compared to other advanced poisoning attacks.
A review of the application of digital identity in the Metaverse
Authors: Wang Siwen , Wang Wei
Published: May 2023

The development of the internet has immensely expanded people’s social scope, which has necessitated the utilization of digital identity. In regard to social networks, the utilization of anonymity or pseudonyms increases the attractiveness of the network. Nevertheless, because online payments, online transactions, and online assets are becoming prevalent features, virtualization is gradually exhibiting highly negative impacts. With respect to the Metaverse, digital identity is potentially a key factor, which can influence the balance that affects the association between anonymity and pseudonyms. To enhance the contemporary scenario and to facilitate the potential utilization of digital identity, this study considers the application of digital identity in the Metaverse, and it utilizes the “Enterprise IA” miniature model (Morey et al.). With regard to the current debate on digital identity, we analyzed the most prominent topic; thus, we explored the application rules pertaining to digital identity. We propose that the Metaverse is primarily characterized by its ability to digitalize the physical world. Furthermore, with respect to digital identity, the power of ownership still represents the fundamental issue. Using technologies such as blockchain and privacy filters, we can not only alter the governance logic and methods, but we can also balance the correlation between private rights and public interests. Thus, to solve the burgeoning identity trust crisis, individual competition for identity authorization rights, and privacy problems that characterize the Metaverse, we explore novel governance approaches.
Hautveränderungen als Schlüssel zur Diagnose systemischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Mettang Thomas , Streit Markus
Published: May 2023

Die meisten krankhaften Hautveränderungen betreffen nur die Haut selbst. Gelegentlich allerdings zeigt die Haut auch bei nicht primär dermatologischen Erkrankungen mehr oder weniger ausgeprägte Symptome. Einige davon sind so typisch, dass sie als eigentlicher diagnostischer Schlüssel betrachtet werden können. Dieser Beitrag stellt zehn solcher Hautveränderungen vor, die auch für Internisten und Allgemeinmediziner bedeutsam sind.
Hautzeichen bei rheumatologischen Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Vogt Annika , Stieler Karola Maria , Blume-Peytavi Ulrike
Published: May 2023

Rheumatologische Erkrankungen können sich in einer großen Vielfalt an der Haut manifestieren. Das Spektrum reicht von flüchtigen Exanthemen bis zu tiefer Sklerosierung, Vaskulitis und Pannikulitis. Dank der Zugänglichkeit für Inspektion, Dermatoskopie, Palpation und Biopsien können dermatologische Mitbeurteilungen wertvolle Hinweise für die diagnostische Einordnung geben. Während bei einigen rheumatologischen Erkrankungen, wie kutanem Lupus erythematodes oder Sklerodermie, spezifische Hautzeichen leicht mit dem Auge zu erkennen oder mit den Fingern zu ertasten sind, sind Hautzeichen wie Exantheme, leukozytoklastische Vaskulitis oder Erythema nodosum klar definierte Entitäten, die jedoch verschiedene Ursachen haben können. Gerade im Kindesalter müssen die häufigen, transienten infektassoziierten Varianten von immunologischen Grunderkrankungen abgegrenzt werden. Die Symptome sind teilweise inkomplett oder atypisch und können weiteren Manifestationen vorausgehen, was interdisziplinäre Verlaufsbeurteilungen erfordert. Die hier vorgestellten Hautzeichen rheumatologischer Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Adoleszentenalter illustrieren den Wert einer engen interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit.
Gehirntumoren in der MRT
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: May 2023

Das tiefe Lernen („deep learning“) als Teil des maschinellen Lernens hat sich auf vielen medizinischen Feldern als nützlich erwiesen. In der Studie mit Daten von 37 871 Patienten, die in der MRT einen Gehirntumor aufwiesen, trug ein System mit tiefem Lernen (DLS) nicht nur zu besseren diagnostischen Aussagen von Spezialisten bei, sondern war per se mit einer höheren Sensitivität assoziiert. Insgesamt 18 verschiedene Gehirntumoren wurden besser und schneller klassifiziert.
Psychodermatologie: Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten und Anregungen für den Dermatologen
Authors: Rapp Gabriele
Published: May 2023

Für Dermatologen gibt es viele unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten, ihre psychodermatologischen Patienten besser zu verstehen und zu behandeln. Die Integration einer biopsychosozialen Perspektive kann zu mehr Zufriedenheit bei der Arbeit und einer verbesserten Arzt-Patient-Beziehung führen.
Leberzellkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: May 2023

Wenn auch bezüglich des Leberzellkarzinoms (HCC) keine großen Fortschritte durch neue Systemtherapien präsentiert wurden, so gab es beim Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium der American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO GI) doch berichtenswerte Ergebnisse zur Therapieoptimierung, durch die die Prognose der Patient*innen verbessert werden kann.
Interaction of Some Amino-Nitrile Derivatives with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (VEGFR1) Using a Theoretical Model
Authors: Figueroa-Valverde Lauro , Díaz-Cedillo Francisco , Rosas-Nexticapa Marcela , Alvarez-Ramirez Magdalena , Mateu-Armad Maria Virginia , López-Ramos Maria , López-Gutierrez Tomas
Published: May 2023

Background Some studies indicate that the angiogenesis process is related to vascular endothelial growth factor, which can interact with endothelial cell surface receptors (VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, and VEGF-R3); this biochemical process and other factors result in the promotion and growth of new blood vessels under normal conditions. However, some studies indicate that this phenomenon could also occur in cancer cells. It is important to mention that some amino derivatives have been prepared as VEGF-R1 inhibitors; however, their interaction with VEGF-R1 is not clear, perhaps due to different experimental approaches or differences in their chemical structure.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the theoretical interaction of several amino-nitrile derivatives (Compounds 1 to 38) with VEGF-R1.

Methods The theoretical interaction of amino-nitrile derivatives with VEGF-R1 was carried out using the 3hng protein as the theoretical model. In addition, cabozantinib, pazopanib, regorafenib, and sorafenib were used as controls in the DockingServer program.

Results The results showed different amino acid residues involved in the interaction of amino-nitrile derivatives with the 3hng protein surface compared with the controls. In addition, the inhibition constant (Ki) was lower for Compounds 10 and 34 than for cabozantinib. Other results show that Ki for Compounds 9, 10, 14, 27–29 and 34–36 was lower in comparison with pazopanib, regorafenib, and sorafenib.

Conclusions All theoretical data suggest that amino-nitrile derivatives could produce changes in the growth of some cancer cell lines through VEGFR-1 inhibition. Therefore, these amino-nitrile derivatives could be a therapeutic alternative to treat some types of cancer.
Screening zur Einschätzung des psychosozialen
Nachsorgebedarfs in der pädiatrischen Onkologie (NPO-11) für
Selbst- und Elternbericht
Authors: Kulisch Leonard Konstantin , Herrmann Jessy , Herzog Kristina , Graf Einsiedel Hagen , Kamm-Thonwart Remo , Hoffmann Rahel , Jäschke Yvonne , Martini Julia , Schepper Florian
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund Krebserkrankungen bei Kindern sind mit einem erhöhten
Risiko für psychosoziale Belastungen assoziiert. Zur quantitativen und
qualitativen Bedarfseinschätzung nach psychosozialer Nachsorge liegen
bisher keine Instrumente vor. Mit dem NPO-11 wurde nun ein ökonomisches
Screening entwickelt.

Patient:innen und Methoden 11 dichotome Items erfassen die Bereiche
Progredienzangst, Traurigkeit, Antrieblosigkeit, Selbstwertprobleme, Schul- und
Ausbildungsprobleme, somatische Beschwerden, emotionaler Rückzug,
soziale Desintegration, Pseudoreife, Eltern-Kind-Konflikte sowie
Elternpaar-Konflikte entweder im Selbst- oder Elternbericht. Zur
psychometrischen Überprüfung wurde der NPO-11 an N=101
Eltern-Kind-Dyaden getestet.

Ergebnisse Selbst- und Elternberichtversion zeigten eine gute
Ausfüllgüte mit Zustimmungsraten ohne Boden- oder Deckeneffekte.
Die Interrater-Reliabilität der 11 Items war ausreichend bis moderat.
Faktorenanalytisch konnte die Gültigkeit eines Gesamtwerts nachgewiesen
werden. Dieser zeigte für Selbst- und Elternbericht eine ausreichende
bzw. gute interne Konsistenz sowie hohe Validität durch Korrelationen
mit gesundheitsbezogener Lebensqualität.

Schlussfolgerung Mit dem NPO-11 wurde ein reliables und valides Screening
zur Einschätzung des psychosozialen Nachsorgebedarfs in der
pädiatrischen Onkologie entwickelt. Bei dem Übergang von
stationärer zu ambulanter Behandlung kann die Einschätzung zur
Intensität notwendiger, psychosozialer Interventionen
unterstützt sowie zugehörige Themenfelder identifiziert
werden.
Surgical Training Simulators for Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gill P. , Levin M. , Farhood Z. , Asaria J.
Published: May 2023

Rhinoplasty training currently follows an apprenticeship model that is largely observational. Trainees have limited experience in performing maneuvers of this complex surgery. Rhinoplasty simulators can address this issue by providing trainees with the opportunity to gain surgical simulator experience that could improve technical competences in the operating room. This review amalgamates the collective understanding of rhinoplasty simulators described to date. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, PubMed, OVID Embase, OVID Medline, and Web of Science databases were all searched for original research on surgical simulators for rhinoplasty education and reviewed by independent reviewers. Articles underwent title and abstract screening, and then relevant articles underwent full-text review to extract simulator data. Seventeen studies, published between 1984 and 2021, were included for final analysis. Study participant numbers ranged from 4 to 24, and included staff surgeons, fellows, residents (postgraduate year 1–6), and medical students. Cadaveric surgical simulators comprised eight studies, of which three were with human cadavers, one study was a live animal simulator, two were virtual simulators, and six were three-dimensional (3D) models. Both animal and human-based simulators increased the confidence of trainees significantly. Significant improvement in various aspects of rhinoplasty knowledge occurred with implementation of a 3D-printed model in rhinoplasty education. Rhinoplasty simulators are limited by a lack of an automated method of evaluation and a large reliance on feedback from experienced rhinoplasty surgeons. Rhinoplasty simulators have the potential to provide trainees with the opportunity for hands-on training to improve skill and develop competencies without putting patients in harm's way. Current literature on rhinoplasty simulators largely focuses on simulator development, with few simulators being validated and assessed for utility. For wider implementation and acceptance, further refinement of simulators, validation, and assessment of outcomes is required.
Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomatization of Benzothiophenes: Isolation and Functionalization of a Discrete Dearomatized Intermediate
Authors: Intelli Andrew John , Pal Mohan , Altman Ryan A. , Selvaraju Manikandan
Published: May 2023

A Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative dearomatization reaction of a heterocyclic substrate enables access to an uncommon reaction intermediate that rearomatizes in the presence of amine bases in a net C–H functionalization sequence. The dearomatized benzo[b]thiophene intermediate bears an exocyclic alkene that can be functionalized through cycloaddition and halogenation reactions to deliver complex heterocyclic products.
Synthesis of 2,2-Disubstituted and 2,2,3-Trisubstituted 1,4-Dioxane-Derived Building Blocks
Authors: Vashchenko Bohdan V. , Bondarenko Andriy V. , Kozyriev Yevhenii K. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O.
Published: May 2023

An approach to the preparation of 2,2-disubstituted and 2,2,3-trisubstituted 1,4-dioxane-derived building blocks is described. The reaction sequence commenced from dimethyl- or spirocyclobutyl-substituted oxiranes bearing an additional benzyloxy group as the starting materials. The key step of the 1,4-dioxane ring construction included oxirane ring opening with ethylene glycol monolithium salt, followed by the two-step cyclization of the diols obtained. The utility of the method was demonstrated by multigram preparation (up to 300 g; 30 g average scale of the final products) of 2,2-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane and 5,8-dioxaspiro[3.5]nonane building blocks, i.e. carboxylic acids, alcohols, amines, aldehyde, ketones, and bromides. Additional synthetic possibilities were shown by the preparation of selected examples of 1,4-dioxane-containing acetylenes, thiols, sulfonyl halides, and sulfonamides.
Malignant Hyperthermia Like Manifestations during Management of Refractory Status Epilepticus
Authors: Srinivas Deepti , Keshavan Venkatesh , Kamath Vikram , Manmadhan Manju
Published: May 2023

Management of refractory status epilepticus is challenging for a neurointensivist consequent to systemic complexities associated with various drugs and modalities involved in its treatment. We report one such case that manifested with multiple signs of malignant hyperthermia following use of isoflurane to control seizures. However, the delayed and random occurrence of the signs and negative genetic test report raises doubts regarding the final diagnosis. Delayed presentation of malignant hyperthermia has been reported earlier. Unavailability of dantrolene sodium handily is a major hurdle in treating such cases. We enumerate management of the patient in our intensive care unit.
The “Blast” Behind Jerky Eyes
Authors: Singh Jasmine , Randev Shivani , Azad Chandrika , Kaur Harkirat , Guglani Vishal
Published: May 2023

Opsoclonus is defined as hyperkinetic, omnidirectional, spontaneous, and involuntary chaotic eye movements. Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome is addressed by many names including “dancing eyes-dancing feet syndrome,” “Kinsbourne syndrome,” and “infantile polymyoclonia.” The early accounts of the clinical syndrome date back to 1962 when Marcel Kinsbourne described six cases of this phenotype. However, it was not until 1968 the association with occult neuroblastoma was first reported. We report the video of a 1-year-old boy who presented with this syndrome for a duration of 3 months. He was diagnosed to have an abdominal neuroblastoma and was treated with resection of the tumor and administration of intramuscular adrenocorticotropic hormone. He showed complete resolution of symptoms. The syndrome is difficult to recognize and might be confused with seizures, tremors, or chorea; hence, it is important that residents learnt to recognize this syndrome and look for an underlying tumor actively.
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Patients Regarding Hereditary Breast-Ovarian Cancer Syndrome at a Tertiary Cancer Institute: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Pramanik Raja , Vats Shubhra , Mitra Sanchita , Deo SVS , Kumar Lalit , Gogia Ajay , Khurana Sachin , Batra Atul
Published: May 2023

Introduction Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome affects a significant proportion of our breast and ovarian cancer patients. Mutations in genes, for example, BRCA1 and 2, confer a high risk of acquiring certain malignancies, including breast cancer in both men and women, and ovarian cancer in women. Mutation carriers provide a unique opportunity for healthcare professionals to intensively screen and detect malignancy at an early and curable stage. But, patient awareness and acceptance are the keys to the success of these strategies.

Objective There is a need to assess the awareness of the patients in this field as the patients come from varied backgrounds, and differ in their socioeconomic profiles, educational backdrop, and cultures. In this study, done prior to establishing our cancer genetics clinic, we evaluated the knowledge and attitude toward HBOC in patients with breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

Materials and Methods This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on patients registered in IRCH-AIIMS, who has a diagnosis of breast cancer or ovarian cancer using a self-administered questionnaire based on knowledge and attitude. The sample population included 84 women aged between 25 and 80 years. A binary response was given to knowledge questions, whereas a categorical response was given to attitude questions. The overall data was computed using STATA v13 software.

Results According to the findings of the study, 39.3% (5.11/13) of the patients were aware of hereditary cancer. Knowledge among the targeted population was poor, but 72.1% (37.5/52) of the population had a neutral attitude toward learning more about hereditary cancer tests. Only 23/84 (27%) people had heard of genetic counseling. Seventy of eighty-four (83%) patients agreed that they would opt for a genetic test if indicated. While 60/84 (72%) of the population wanted to interact with a counselor over a telephonic call, only 41/84 (49%) wanted to interact in person.

Conclusion We concluded from the study that breast and ovarian cancer patients in our clinic have little understanding of HBOC syndrome but have a neutral attitude toward learning more about it.
Well-being of artisanal fishing communities and children’s engagement in fisheries amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: a case in Aklan, Philippines
Authors: Maliao Ronald J. , Fernandez Pepito R. , Subade Rodelio F.
Published: May 2023

This study describes and explains the multifaceted effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the socio-economic and psychosocial well-being of the artisanal fishing communities in Central Philippines. The state of child labour and their education amidst the COVID-19 lockdown were also explored. Four hundred artisanal fishing households, with 792 children, from the 10 coastal municipalities in Aklan province were surveyed in May–December 2020 through face-to-face household interviews. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened poverty in these highly vulnerable fishing communities primarily through severe disruptions in their fishing and marine tourism-related livelihoods. The proportion of households living below the Philippine poverty threshold of PHP12,030 (USD232.7) monthly for a family of five members increased from 78% pre-COVID to 91% peri-COVID. This economic impoverishment was more pronounced in larger families with limited income, as in the survey sites, where 41% of the households have more than five family members. Furthermore, 57% of the surveyed households believed that learning difficulty increased by 81% among children due to the blended online education modality. Amidst increased impoverishment, child labour intensified, and children stopped schooling. A significant decline in happiness index peri-COVID was also observed in the study sites indicating extreme socio-economic challenges. Contrary to expectations, however, interpersonal relations in most households improved, underscoring women’s stabilising and nurturing role. This latter phenomenon signifies that cooperative and nurturing actor relationships can be generated even in a crisis. Policies that mainstreamed local communities’ reproductive health, family planning, and programmes that diversify socio-economic, environmental, and technological assets must be renewed and promoted. The goal is to holistically improve human well-being by increasing or sustaining stocks of these assets to promote resilience and sustainability amidst crisis and complexity.
On the analyticity of the pressure for a non-ideal gas with high density boundary conditions
Authors: Fialho Paula M. S. , de Lima Bernardo N. B. , Procacci Aldo , Scoppola Benedetto
Published: May 2023

We consider a continuous system of classical particles confined in a cubic box Λ interacting through a stable and finite range pair potential with an attractive tail. We study the Mayer series of the grand canonical pressure of the system pΛω(β,λ) at inverse temperature β and fugacity λ in the presence of boundary conditions ω belonging to a very large class of locally finite particle configurations. This class of allowed boundary conditions is the basis for any probability measure on the space of locally finite particle configurations satisfying the Ruelle estimates. We show that the pΛω(β,λ) can be written as the sum of two terms. The first term, which is analytic and bounded as the fugacity λ varies in a Λ-independent and ω-independent disk, coincides with the free-boundary-condition pressure in the thermodynamic limit. The second term, analytic in a ω-dependent convergence radius, goes to zero in the thermodynamic limit. As far as we know, this is the first rigorous analysis of the behavior of the Mayer series of a non-ideal gas subjected to non-free and non-periodic boundary conditions in the low-density/high-temperature regime when particles interact through a non-purely repulsive pair potential.
Principles and applications of x-ray light sources driven by laser wakefield acceleration
Authors: Albert Félicie
Published: May 2023

One of the most prominent applications of modern particle accelerators is the generation of radiation. In a synchrotron or an x-ray free electron laser (XFEL), high energy electrons oscillating in periodic magnetic structures emit bright x rays. In spite of their scientific appeal that will remain evident for many decades, one limitation of synchrotrons and XFELs is their typical mile-long size and their cost, which often limits access to the broader scientific community. This tutorial reviews the principles and prospects of using plasmas produced by intense lasers as particle accelerators and x-ray light sources, as well as some of the applications they enable. A plasma is an ionized medium that can sustain electrical fields many orders of magnitude higher than that in conventional radio frequency accelerator structures and can be used to accelerate electrons. When short, intense laser pulses are focused into a gas, it produces electron plasma waves in which electrons can be trapped and accelerated to GeV energies. This process, laser-wakefield acceleration (LWFA), is analogous to a surfer being propelled by an ocean wave. Many radiation sources, from THz to gamma-rays, can be produced by these relativistic electrons. This tutorial reviews several LWFA-driven sources in the keV-MeV photon energy range: betatron radiation, inverse Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung radiation, and undulator/XFEL radiation. X rays from laser plasma accelerators have many emerging applications. They can be used in innovative and flexible x-ray imaging and x-ray absorption spectroscopy configurations, for use in biology, industry, and high-energy density science.
Mechanobiology as a tool for addressing the genotype-to-phenotype problem in microbiology
Authors: Asp Merrill E. , Thanh Minh-Tri Ho , Dutta Subarna , Comstock Jessica A. , Welch Roy D. , Patteson Alison E.
Published: May 2023

The central hypothesis of the genotype–phenotype relationship is that the phenotype of a developing organism (i.e., its set of observable attributes) depends on its genome and the environment. However, as we learn more about the genetics and biochemistry of living systems, our understanding does not fully extend to the complex multiscale nature of how cells move, interact, and organize; this gap in understanding is referred to as the genotype-to-phenotype problem. The physics of soft matter sets the background on which living organisms evolved, and the cell environment is a strong determinant of cell phenotype. This inevitably leads to challenges as the full function of many genes, and the diversity of cellular behaviors cannot be assessed without wide screens of environmental conditions. Cellular mechanobiology is an emerging field that provides methodologies to understand how cells integrate chemical and physical environmental stress and signals, and how they are transduced to control cell function. Biofilm forming bacteria represent an attractive model because they are fast growing, genetically malleable and can display sophisticated self-organizing developmental behaviors similar to those found in higher organisms. Here, we propose mechanobiology as a new area of study in prokaryotic systems and describe its potential for unveiling new links between an organism's genome and phenome.