bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evaluating promotion mix activities of banks operating among clients of commercial banks in Palestine
Authors: Qaisiyah Isra' Mosa , Znaid Sameer Abu
Published: May 2024

This study aims to describe and analyze the Promotion Mix activities of banks in the West Bank by identifying techniques, raters, tools, objectives of the process, and difficulties from the administration's point of view. Also, it aims to evaluate promotion mix activities from clients' points of view by asking them about their preference for promotion mix activities and the importance of each activity of the promotion mix. The researcher adopted the exploratory, descriptive approach to achieve the study's main objectives. Data were processed using statistical techniques (SPSS). The study population includes a random sample of 300 marketing managers, commercial bank employees, and clients in the surveyed Banks, Businessmen, and students. The statistical analysis results of the data collected through the questionnaire tool prepared for this purpose showed a difference and apparent disparity between clients and management regarding the relative importance of the promotion mix activities.
THE ISSUES OF SCOPE AND LEGAL STATUS IN WTO – IMF CONSULTATIONS
Authors: Göker Mustafa
Published: May 2024

In designing the international economic governance system after the Second World War, trade and finance, due to the close connection between them, were addressed as parts of a whole. A predictable and stable international monetary system was recognized as prerequisite for healthy and sustainable trade. However, these two issues were regulated under different institutional structures, by envisaging close cooperation and coordination. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), designed to be responsible for international finance and monetary issues, was established in 1944. The International Trade Organization (ITO) was designed to address international trade, while the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), with a limited scope, was temporarily put into implementation in January 1, 1948 to provide rapid tariff reductions until the ratification of ITO Charter. The ITO became still-born as it was not approved by national parliaments, especially the USA, and international trade continued to be regulated by the GATT. The GATT, with its unique organizational structure that gradually developed, continued its existence until the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995 and hosted international trade negotiations. WTO, with more advanced legal and institutional structure, took over the functions of the GATT. Formal consultation procedures have constituted an important part of the cooperation between the GATT/WTO and the IMF in the context of the management of international trade and monetary/financial system. These procedures differ from traditional cooperation activities between international organizations and have a special character. It is regulated in a binding language as an obligation for the relevant WTO bodies to apply for consultations with the IMF on certain issues and to comply with the inputs received from the IMF. There are some points open to interpretation regarding the scope of the consultations and the binding and functional status of IMF inputs in the WTO. This study discusses the issues of scope and legal status.
IMPACTO DA TIPIFICAÇÃO PENAL DO FEMINICÍDIO NA PREVENÇÃO E COMBATE À VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO OU DESAFIOS NA APLICAÇÃO DA TIPIFICAÇÃO PENAL DO FEMINICÍDIO NO ÂMBITO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Silva Geovana Oliveira Faustino , Chaves Solange Barreto
Published: May 2024

O artigo aborda o efeito da tipificação penal do feminicídio na prevenção e combate à violência sexual, bem como os desafios da implementação dessa tipificação no contexto brasileiro. O primeiro tópico examina a classificação dos crimes de feminicídio no Brasil, considerando a Lei 13.104/2015, conhecida como Lei do Feminicídio, que alterou o Código Penal Brasileiro para incluir o feminicídio como critério para o crime de homicídio. Além disso, o artigo discute as salvaguardas exigidas por essa lei e a necessidade de leis mais duras devido ao aumento dos assassinatos de mulheres. Em seguida, são discutidos a conceituação e a tipologia do feminicídio, levando em consideração diferentes perspectivas e contextos históricos. São apresentadas definições de feminismo de autoras como Marcela Lagarde e Ana Carcedo, enfatizando a complexidade do conceito e a importância de compreendê-lo de forma holística e contextualizada. Outro tema abordado é a desigualdade de gênero e a participação nas políticas públicas, destacando a importância da igualdade de gênero no combate à violência contra as mulheres e na promoção de políticas públicas abrangentes. Por fim, o texto discute o efeito e a efetividade da criação da lei sobre o feminicídio no Brasil, bem como a importância das medidas de proteção às vítimas de violência sexual. Esses tópicos proporcionam uma análise abrangente e aprofundada do impacto da criminalização do feminicídio para prevenir e combater a violência sexual, bem como os desafios da aplicação dessa classificação no contexto brasileiro.
АДАМДЫН АШКАЗАНЫНЫН ИММУНДУК АППАРАТЫНЫН СТРУКТУРАЛЫК УЮШТУРУЛУШУ ЖӨНҮНДӨГҮ МАСЕЛЕГЕ (АДАБИЯТТАРГА СЕРЕП)
Authors: Шаршенбиев Ж.А. , Караева Р.Р. , Тохтыев И.Т.
Published: May 2024

Лимфоидный аппарат в стенках разных отделов желудка изучен в настоящее время недостаточно. Не установлены особенности локализации иммунных образований (лимфоидных узелков и лимфоидных скоплений) в кардиальном, пилорическом и фундальном отделах органа. До сих пор дискутируется вопрос о наличии лимфоидных узелков с центрами размножения и без них, а также лимфоидных скоплений в разных отделах желудка. Не установлена их топография, количество и размеры в стенках органа в возрастном аспекте. Не определена их четкая гистотопография и отношение железам желудка при относительной норме. Не выяснена их глубина залегания в толще стенки органа, взаимоотношение этих структур с эпителиальной выстилкой желудка у относительно здоровых людей.

Адамдын ашказанынын ар кайсы бөлүктөрүнүн дубалдарындагы лимфоиддик аппараты учурда жетиштүү деңгээлде изилдене элек. Ашказандын кардиалдык, пилорикалык жана фундалдык бөлүктөрүндө иммундук элементтеринин (лимфоиддик түйүндөр жана лимфоиддик топтолуштардын) локализациясынын өзгөчөлүктөрү аныкталган эмес. Герминативдик уюлдары бар жана жок лимфоиддик туйундөрдун, ошондой эле ашказандын ар кайсы бөлүктөрүндө лимфоиддик топтоолордун бар экендиги жөнүндө маселе дагы эле талкууланууда. Алардын топографиясы, органдын капталдарындагы саны жана өлчөмү ар кандай курактагы адамдарда такталган эмес. Алардын так гистотопографиясы, ашказан бездери менен салыштырмалуу нормадагы байланышы аныктала элек. Мындан тышкары, лимфоид элементтеринин ашказандын капталдарында жайланыш терендиги жана эпителий менен болгон карым-катнаши тактала элек.

The lymphoid apparatus in the walls of different parts of the human stomach is currently insufficiently studied. Features of the localization of immune formations (lymphoid nodules and lymphoid accumulations) in the cardiac, pyloric sections and the fundus of the organ have not been established. The question of the presence of lymphoid nodules with and without germinal centers, as well as lymphoid accumulation in different parts of the stomach, is still being discussed. Their topography, number and dimensions in the walls of the organ in the age aspect have not been established. Their clear histotopography and relation to the glands of the stomach at a relative norm has not been determined. Their depth of occurrence in the thickness of the walls of the organ has not been clarified, the relationship of these structures with the epithelial lining of the stomach in relatively healthy people.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Authors: Лунгу В. , Лунгу Л.
Published: May 2024

В статье отражено эпидемиологическое исследование случаев кистозного эхинококкоза за последнее десятилетие. Были изучены хирургические случаи кистозного эхинококкоза, зарегистрированные в 2011-2020 гг. Для оценки уровня заболеваемости были рассчитаны интенсивные (показатели заболеваемости) и экстенсивные (распределение случаев по полу, возрасту, месту жительства) показатели. Несмотря на тенденцию к снижению заболеваемости, Республика Молдова входит в число гиперэндемичных стран Юго-Восточной Европы. Заболевание чаще встречается в районах, где традиционно более развито овцеводство и поражает людей всех возрастов, в основном молодых людей и детей. Система борьбы с эхинококкозом должна быть основана на сотрудничестве между медицинской и ветеринарной службами, причем последней должна принадлежать главная роль.

This article reflects the epidemiological study of cystic echinococcosis cases from the last decade. The chirurgical cases of cystic echinococcosis, recorded in 2011-2020, were included in this study. To evaluate the morbidity level, intensive (morbidity indicators) and extensive (case distribution according to sex, age, and place of residence) indexes were calculated. Even though the morbidity is decreasing, the Republic of Moldova still is part of the hyperendemic countries of South - Eastern Europe. This disease is often encountered in regions where shepherding is traditionally more developed. It affects people of all ages, especially children and young adults. The echinococcosis control system would have to be based on cooperation between medical and veterinary services, with the latter taking on a leading role.
TAPEWORMS THAT USE THE HUMAN AS INTERMEDIATE HOST (agents of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis)
Authors: Дурнова Н.А. , Полуконова Н.В. , Сигарева Л.Е. , Андронова Т.А. , Синичкина О.В. , Комарова Е.Э. , Курчатова М.Н.
Published: May 2024

Цель: проанализировать опыт сочетания в учебном процессе как традиционных, так и инновационных технологий, позволяющих обучающимся в ходе поэтапного изучения отдельных тем медицинской паразитологии, систематизировать конкретный материал, понять значимость базовых биологических знаний для будущей практической деятельности врача в выбранной специальности. Материал и методы. Приводится пример разработанной авторами кейс-технологии, используемой для изучения возбудителей эхинококкоза и альвеококкоза. Результаты. Тестовый контроль текущих знаний обучающихся и проверка выполнения заданий кейса показали в основном хороший и отличный (75%) уровни усвоения учебного материала обучающимися.

The goal: analyse the experience of combination during educational process traditional technologies and innovations. It allows for students to arrange the scientific material during studying of some chapters of medical parasitology and understand the importance of fundamental knowledge for their future practical medical activity. Material and methods. The example of case-study that was elaborated by authors to study the tapeworms – agents of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis is given. Results. Test control of current knowledge of students and validation of tasks inside case demonstrated good and excellent (75%) levels of assimilation of educational material by the students.
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HEPATIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS COMPLICATED BY CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Павлюк Г.В. , Ангелич Г.А. , Морару В.А. , Бужор П.В. , Круду О.К. , Стражеску Г.И. , Черней С.Н.
Published: May 2024

Целью исследования была оптимизация диагностического мониторинга, предоперационной подготовки и выбора тактики хирургического лечения больных с эхинококкозом печени и развившимся на фоне него циррозом. В основу сообщения положены результаты лечения 578 больных, оперированных в клинике. Диагноз цирроза печени до операции установлен у 14, интраоперационно у 8 больных. Для остановки кровотечения использовался фибринный некоммерческий клей. Для активации репаративных процессов и профилактики послеоперационных осложнений использовалась взвесь мононуклеарных клеток, приготовленная из крови реципиента, что улучшило результаты лечения. Цирроз печени не является противопоказанием к эхинококкэктомии. Диагностический мониторинг должен включать весь арсенал доступных средств. Минимизированная хирургическая тактика и интенсивное послеоперационное лечение позволяют добиться хороших результатов и снизить послеоперационную летальность.

The aim of the study was to optimize diagnostic monitoring, preoperative preparation, and choice of surgical treatment tactics for patients with hepatic echinococcosis and cirrhosis, which developed as a result. The report is based on the results of the treatment of 578 patients operated in the clinic. The diagnosis of liver cirrhosis before the operation was established in 14 cases, and intraoperatively in 8 cases. Noncommercial fibrin glue was used to stop the bleeding. A suspension of mononuclear cells prepared from the recipient's blood was used to activate the reparative processes and to prevent postoperative complications, which improved the treatment results. Liver cirrhosis is not a contraindication to echinococectomy. Diagnostic monitoring should include the full arsenal of available tools. Minimized surgical tactics and intensive postoperative treatment allows to achieve good results and reduce postoperative mortality.
Machine learning approaches for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of heavy metal ions in water samples
Authors: Nguyễn Lan Anh , Bui Phuong Thi  , Do Thi Nhat Quyen  , Vu Quynh Thu  , Nguyen Thu Huong  , Khuat Hoang Binh  , Khong Manh Hung  , Nguyen Chi Thanh  , Ta Thi Thao
Published: May 2024

In this study, the simultaneous determination of Co, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pb was carried out as a color complex with 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol in an aqueous solution under the assesting of machine learning. A partial least-squares multivariate linear regression and artificial neuron network for the analysis of mixtures of metals were developed. MATLAB is a powerful software machine learning program that was used to support matrix calculations and displays. The benefit of MATLAB in the construction of the machine learning model allows the development of a rapid and highly effective analysis of multiple components in the mixtures without separation and enrichment. For individual determinations, the working ranges were discovered as the important information for choosing the initial concentration of each heavy metal in a mixture, r. The results of analysis of Ni2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ by two methods Partial Least Squares - PLS and Artificial Neural Networks - ANN are sensitive and accurate for simultaneous determination of the concentration of these ions in the synthesis mixture with a high regression coefficient of 0.993, respectively, 0.997, 0.997 for Ni2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+. As for Cu2+ and Co2+, the accuracy is higher when using the ANN method.
A study on deep learning for Vietnamese text classification
Authors: Nguyen Thi Dr Hien , Bui Thi Thoa  , Luong Nguyen Hoang Hoa
Published: May 2024

Text categorization aims to automatically assign given text passages or documents to predetermined categories or subjects. Despite the wide array of techniques employed in classifying English text, there remains a dearth of research on Vietnamese text classification. This paper introduces a novel approach utilizing a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a deep network structure for Vietnamese text classification. Our findings demonstrate a substantial improvement in classification accuracy when applying deep learning techniques to two Vietnamese news corpus datasets. This study contributes to the advancement of Vietnamese text classification by introducing and demonstrating the efficacy of LSTM and CNN with a deeper network structure. The results offer valuable insights for researchers and practitioners working on text categorization in the Vietnamese language.
ARCHIGENIUS - VR MAZE SOLVING USING A* ALGORIHTM
Authors:   Student, Computer Engineering, Dr D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Bhor Devashish
Published: May 2024

Game is one of the entertainment media that is rapidly growing. On this day, playing games is one way to spare time for refreshing. One of the popular games this year is an action game such as First-Person Shooter (FPS). Besides, the FPS game genre has developed rapidly to make it more interesting for the player. Non-player Character (NPC) has an essential function in artificially and automatically to make a game more immersive and consisting of various kinds. Also, from observation, adding challenges when playing, namely enemy characters, can make a player more enjoyable. Besides, one of modern technology to develop innovations for supporting a game is called virtual reality. So, in this research, the FPS game is built by adding NPC elements with virtual reality technology. Also, the gameplay in this game is a survival maze. Based on the evaluation, this game application can display objects in a virtual reality smoothly, and all feature in this game can display and run effectively. Besides, the respondents also give good feedback for user testing which has average score 4.66 from several users. So, the conclusion from this research is this game can make the FPS game more interesting for users by adding NPC, 3D element, and virtual reality. Keywords - First-person Game, Virtual Reality, Survival Maze, Non-Player Character, virtual maze environment.
Application of CNN Model on Medical Images (Chest X-Rays)
Authors:   Department of Information Technology, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Rohini, Delhi, Bansal Vrishabh
Published: May 2024

Chest diseases encompass a range of conditions affecting the lungs, including infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms. These diseases can vary in severity, posing a potential threat to vulnerable individuals such as young children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. Detecting chest diseases involves employing diverse methods, such as physical examination, chest x-rays, blood tests, and sputum culture. During a physical examination, healthcare professionals utilize a stethoscope to listen for abnormal breathing sounds or crackling noises in the chest. They also assess factors like fever and respiratory rate. Chest x-rays provide a visual representation of the lungs, enabling the identification of areas displaying inflammation or fluid accumulation. Sputum culture involves collecting a sample of mucus expelled from the lungs through coughing and testing it for the presence of microorganisms. Key Words: Deep Learning, CNN, Chest X-Ray Images.
Quicklib: A Rapid Library Management Solution
Authors:   Acropolis Institute of Technology & Research  Indore, India, Yadav Akash
Published: May 2024

QuickLib is a new kind of library management system that puts special focus on remote access features while streamlining resource monitoring, user administration, and cataloging. User convenience and accessibility are limited by the frequent lack of effective remote access options in traditional library management systems. QuickLib fills this need by enabling users to access library resources from any location with an internet connection. In comparison to conventional systems, QuickLib's efficiency, usability, and performance are highlighted in this paper's presentation of its architecture, implementation, and assessment. Findings show that QuickLib is more efficient in terms of speed, responsiveness, and user satisfaction than other solutions, which makes it a great tool for libraries and educational establishments looking to update their library services. Keywords— Library Management System, Remote Access, Efficiency, User-Centric Design
Machine Learning based approach for Diabetes Prediction
Authors: Dutta, Juganta
Published: May 2024

Diabetes is an illness brought on by an excessive amount of glucose within the body. Ignorance of diabetes is no longer acceptable. If neglected, it may also result in more severe health concerns for a person, such as heart-related problems, renal problems, blood pressure, eye damage, and effects on other body organs. Insulin hormone is affected, which leads to abnormal crab metabolism and elevates blood sugar levels. According to the World Health Organization, 422 million people worldwide suffer with diabetes. low- and middle-class people being disproportionately affected. The condition is caused by the body producing insufficient amounts of insulin. Additionally, this might reach 490 billion by 2030. To benefit from this challenging job, we may apply ensemble techniques and system learning for classification on this image to forecast whether diabetes will be present in a dataset. When comparing one version to another, the accuracy varies depending on the model. The assignment provides the accurate or improved accuracy version, indicating that the model can effectively predict diabetes. Our findings demonstrate that random forested areas outperformed other system mastery strategies in terms of accuracy. Keywords: Classification Algorithms, Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, Random forest
A STUDY ON COMPETENCY MAPPING
Authors: .SHALINI Dr.P
Published: May 2024

Competency mapping has emerged as a crucial tool for aligning individual skills with organizational objectives. In today's rapidly evolving business landscape, organizations are continually challenged to enhance employee performance to remain competitive and achieve their strategic goals. The study focuses on competency mapping in HYUNDAI WIA with 217 respondents. This abstract outlines a comprehensive initiative aimed at competency mapping and its profound impact on employee performance. The conceptual foundations of competency mapping, exploring its evolution from traditional job descriptions to dynamic skill-based models aligned with contemporary business needs. The study investigates how organizations identify, assess, and leverage competencies to enhance employee performance, drive talent management strategies, and achieve competitive advantages. The findings of this study have practical implications for HR practitioners, organizational leaders, and policymakers seeking to optimize human capital management strategies and drive sustainable business growth in a rapidly evolving global landscape. The study aims to highlight certain behavioral characteristics that influence competency mapping performance. This study encompasses vital part of behavioral characteristics enhancing the performance of competency mapping as a strategic tool for organization. Key Words—Behavioral Traits, Competence Mapping, Competence, Employee Performance
ENHANCING MILITARY TRAINING THROUGH VR APPLICATIONS
Authors: B C Dr. Arjun
Published: May 2024

Virtual Reality (VR) technologies have ushered in a new era for military education and training, offering immersive learning environments that replicate real-world scenarios with unprecedented realism and detail. This paper delves into the multifaceted application of VR within military training, delving into its efficacy in bolstering soldier readiness, facilitating skill acquisition, and honing decision-making abilities crucial for operational success. Through a comprehensive review of recent literature and insightful case studies, the paper illuminates the myriad advantages VR brings to the forefront of military training methodologies. Notably, VR is lauded for its capacity to engender experiential learning, providing trainees with hands-on exposure to diverse combat situations without exposing them to physical harm. Moreover, the paper underscores the significant cost-saving potential inherent in VR-based training modalities, as they obviate the need for large-scale live exercises while still delivering unparalleled training value. Despite these remarkable benefits, the paper also addresses pertinent challenges impeding the widespread adoption of VR in military training contexts. Issues such as technological constraints, fidelity of simulation, and seamless integration into existing training frameworks warrant careful consideration to fully harness the transformative potential of VR. Nonetheless, by leveraging VR technologies judiciously, military organizations stand poised to optimize training effectiveness, enhance operational readiness, and adeptly navigate the ever-evolving landscape of security threats on a global scale. Key Words: Virtual Reality (VR), Military Training Experiential Learning, Operational Readiness, Technological Challenges
Impact of Indian Accounting Standards (IND AS) on Financial Statements
Authors: REDDY SAMANTH S
Published: May 2024

The adoption and implementation of accounting standards play a pivotal role in shaping the financial reporting landscape of a country, influencing how businesses communicate their financial performance and position to stakeholders. In the case of India, the transition from Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) to Indian Accounting Standards (Ind-AS) marked a significant paradigm shift in the accounting framework. The move was aimed at aligning Indian accounting practices with global standards, fostering transparency, comparability, and international investment. Historically, India had been following its own set of accounting standards, which sometimes diverged from international norms, leading to challenges in cross-border financial analysis and investment decisions. Recognizing the need for convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) in India mandated the adoption of Ind-AS for certain classes of companies, primarily listed entities and large unlisted companies. The adoption of Ind-AS was a phased process, with the first set of companies transitioning in the financial year 2016-17. The primary objective was to enhance the quality and reliability of financial reporting, making it more comparable and relevant on a global scale. Ind-AS aimed to bring about consistency in accounting treatments, disclosures, and presentation of financial statements, fostering a more transparent and investor-friendly environment. One of the key motivations behind the shift to Ind-AS was to facilitate easier access to global capital markets for Indian companies. By adhering to internationally recognized accounting standards, Indian businesses sought to attract foreign investment and broaden their investor base. This move was particularly crucial as India aimed to position itself as a global economic player, attracting multinational corporations and fostering cross-border investments. The implementation of Ind-AS introduced changes in various aspects of financial reporting, affecting balance sheets, income statements, and disclosure practices. Companies faced the challenge of adapting to new measurement criteria, recognition principles, and disclosure requirements. The impact of these changes extended beyond mere compliance; it influenced how companies assessed their assets, liabilities, and overall financial performance. Additionally, the adoption of Ind-AS prompted companies to reevaluate their internal control mechanisms, financial policies, and governance structures. The transition required a robust framework for training and educating financial professionals, auditors, and other stakeholders to ensure a smooth and accurate implementation of the new standards.
Analisis Manajemen Pengangkutan TBS di PT. Serba Huta Jaya Desa Sumber Mulyo, Kecamatan Marbau, Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Putri Cindy Camellya , Listiyani  , Dewi Christina Wahyu Ary
Published: May 2024

This research aims to determine the management of transporting fresh palm fruit bunches (FFB) at PT. Serba Huta Jaya, analyzed the performance of transporting FFB from the harvesting site (TPH) to the palm oil mill (PKS), analyzing the obstacles in transporting FFB from TPH to PKS. The research method used in this research is mixed methods. According to Sugiyono (2015), mixed research methods are a research method between quantitative methods and qualitative methods to be used together in a research activity, so that more comprehensive, valid, reliable and objective data is obtained. The sample in this study was 10 FFB transport drivers and 20 loading and unloading workers. The results of this research indicate that FFB transportation management at PT. Serba Huta Jaya is still not doing well because there are frequent delays in FFB deliveries resulting in fruit being left on the trucks. There are several things that must be considered, namely road access for transporting FFB, the speed of harvest employees in cutting fruit, and damage to trucks in the field. The average performance of transporting FFB from TPH to PKS is 2.08 tonnes/hour and the average cost for one transport is Rp. 62.96/kg. The obstacles faced when transporting fruit from TPH to PKS were that the roads were still damaged at several points and the trucks were damaged while in the field.
Applying ‘Mirror Statistics’ in Cross-Border Trade Administration: Case of General Department of Vietnam Customs
Authors: Thu Mien Phan Thi , Hung Nguyen Viet
Published: May 2024

International merchandise trade statistics plays a substantial role in governing crossborder trade in goods at both global and national levels. In relation to one flow of goods crossing borders, there are two trade data compilations—in the exporting and importing countries—which are to be made in compliance with various regulations and standards. This paper analyses Vietnam’s mirror statistics, focusing on the significant disparities of cross-border trade statistics in 2013–2016 between Vietnam—the reporting country—and its trade partners. The paper investigates the major reasons for the large discrepancies between Vietnam and its partners in cross-border trade documentation and suggest an operational model of mirror statistics to support crossborder trade administration by Vietnam Customs in future years. Cross-border statistics were collected from the General Department of Vietnam Customs and from the United Nations (UN) Comtrade database.
Why the Future Revised Kyoto Convention Should Contain Comprehensive Rules of Customs Debt
Authors: Wolffgang Hans-Michael , Rogmann Achim , Harden Kerstin
Published: May 2024

The Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC) is currently being reviewed as part of an ongoing review process. The aim of the comprehensive review is to enhance the current provisions and advance them in order to meet today’s needs and challenges. It is the intention of the World Customs Organization (WCO) that the RKC remains the blueprint for modern and efficient customs procedures in the 21st century. This should also apply to customs debt issues since customs debt law constitutes a central aspect of all national customs legislation. The status quo of the RKC does not, however, correspond to the fundamental role of this decisive area in customs law.

Against this background, this article deals with the motivations, extent and intermediate results of the present review process. Moreover, it examines the advantages and challenges of a comprehensive and harmonised implementation of the Convention. In particular, it addresses the proposal of establishing a global standard, a model law, regarding customs debt issues for national customs legislation that would foster transparency, facilitation and predictability, while at the same time reducing randomness and complexity. The article provides an insight into the status quo of the current RKC provisions relating to customs debt and looks at some national legislation regarding these issues. It illustrates why it is necessary that a future RKC includes harmonised standards and/or recommended practices regarding the incurrence, payment and extinguishment of a customs debt and it also elaborates on the principles and concepts, such as the economic theory of customs, that should be reflected and included in a possible system of customs debt provisions.
Effectiveness and Efficiency of Artificial Intelligence in Boosting Customs Performance: A Case Study of RECTS at Uganda Customs Administration
Authors: Julius Kugonza , Christabel Mugalula
Published: May 2024

The artificial intelligence (AI) revolution has great economic potential for customs operations. Indeed, some have already hailed AI ‘the new oil’ since it has become a resource for businesses to streamline processes. This may be an imperfect analogy, but it does capture the excitement and high expectations surrounding the AI-driven economy. AI is a sub-field of computer science that enables intelligence exhibited by machines. For example, in the East African community, the Regional Electronic Cargo Tracking System (RECTS) is used to monitor cargo in transit from Mombasa in Kenya through Uganda to Rwanda and now in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This has transformed transit cargo management through deterring of dumping and diversion of transit cargo in real time. Previously, cargo would sometimes, if not most of the time, go unaccounted for while in transit, which caused government revenue leakage and business losses. This paper examines the global standards and actions in the uptake of AI for trade facilitation in smoothing customs operations. This study looks at how the uptake of AI has affected customs administration in terms of transit management and security of cargo as well as trade facilitation, which greatly reduces the cost of doing business by the private sector. Based on the study findings, the paper offers several recommendations for policy makers, including undertaking Private Public Partnerships (PPP), integration of RECTS with other Customs systems, well-planned change management and developing a pool of AI experts in Customs.
Medical support services during the evacuation of noncombatants from Kabul in 2021
Authors: Munayco Sánchez1 Armando José , Tarnawski Español Guillermo José , Sánchez López Gabriel , Ortiz Domingo Alicia , García Oliva Amanda , Hossain López Sheima
Published: May 2024

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS. La operación de Evacuación a No Combatientes (Non-combatant Evacuation Operation - NEO) de ciudadanos afganos colaboradores con España y de sus familiares, contó con despliegue sanitario. Este apoyo se realizó en plataformas aéreas para las evacuaciones en dos fases seguidas: Desde Kabul a Dubai, y desde Dubai a Torrejón de Ardoz. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y analizar la operación, las capacidades sanitarias en las diferentes fases de evacuación, así como las asistencias realizadas durante las mismas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo sobre las intervenciones realizadas en las evacuaciones de personal civil entre los días 18 y 27 de agosto del 2021 desde Kabul (Afganistán) a Torrejón de Ardoz (España). Se analizaron las evacuaciones en las dos fases del operativo: tácticas (Kabul-Dubai) y estratégicas (Dubai-Torrejón de Ardoz). RESULTADOS. Se evacuaron 1.918 personas, realizándose 113 asistencias sanitarias, 74 en la fase táctica y 39 en la estratégica. La mayoría fueron contingencias comunes (92% en fase táctica y 82% en fase estratégica), pero con un 8% de casos urgentes en la fase táctica y un 18% en la estratégica. Se declararon 3 casos confirmados de infección activa por SARS-CoV-2 en los cribados realizados en España. CONCLUSIONES. Es recomendable que el despliegue cuente con profesionales formados en atención primaria y soporte vital avanzado, en urgencias y emergencias, así como en asistencia en vuelo.
Fentanyl and derivatives in patients attended in hospital emergency departments: detection with an enzyme immunoassay technique
Authors: Zumbado Víctor Rosa María , Almeida González Maira , Gironés Bredy Clara , López-Hernández M.ª de los Ángeles , Fernández-Pérez Fernando , García-Rodríguez Mercedes , Cabrera González Nayra , Pavón Monzó José , Henriquez-Hernández Luis Alberto , Boada L. D. , Burillo-Putze Guillermo
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. Los opioides y en concreto el fentanilo, se usan como drogas de tipo recreativo y, junto con sus análogos sintéticos, se engloban dentro las drogas conocidas como Nuevas Sustancias Psicoactivas (NPS). Estas sustancias no pueden detectarse con los test de enzimoinmunoensayo usados en los hospitales españoles. OBJETIVO. El objetivo de este trabajo es detectar el consumo de fentanilo y derivados sintéticos en urgencias, mediante una nueva técnica de detección por enzimoinmunoensayo, así como conocer su sensibilidad y especificidad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional prospectivo de detección e identificación de fentanilo y derivados sintéticos en 150 muestras de orina de pacientes mayores de 14 años que ingresaban por sospecha de intoxicación o consumo de drogas en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios de 4 hospitales de Canarias. Se realizó el screening de fentanilo, acetilfentanilo y carfentanilo en las muestras por inmunoensayo Randox® y se confirmaron los resultados mediante cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas (LC-MS/MS). RESULTADOS. Con el test de Randox, fueron positivas a algún derivado fentanílico el 27,3% de las muestras, y específicamente a fentanilo 21 (14%). Mediante LC-MS/MS se confirmaron 24 muestras a fentanilo (16%). Ninguno de los casos positivos a acetilfentanilo y carfentanilo por Randox, se confirmaron por LC-MS/MS. Hubo un mayor porcentaje de positivos dentro de las mujeres (p < 0,05), tanto mediante Randox como por LC-MS/MS. El test Randox presentó una sensibilidad del 87,5% y una especificidad del 84,1%, para la detección conjunta de fentanilo y de derivados analizados, y del 87,5% y del 100% respectivamente para el fentanilo. CONCLUSIONES. Existe un consumo de fentanilo no conocido hasta ahora en pacientes atendidos en urgencias por consumo de drogas. El método de inmunoensayo Randox® permite la detección de fentanilo, si bien se precisan estudios con mayor número de casos y la inclusión de la detección de un mayor número de opioides derivados del fentanilo.
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors: their role in heart failure management in emergency departments
Authors: Llorens Pere
Published: May 2024

Los inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio-glucosa (iSGLT2) son eficaces en la insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) con cualquier rango de la fracción de eyección (FE). Han demostrado reducción de ingresos por IC, arritmias, visitas a urgencias, mortalidad cardiovascular y mortalidad por otras causas. La evidencia actual indica que los iSGLT2 deben ser iniciados de forma precoz en los pacientes con IC independientemente de su FE o de la presencia o no de diabetes mellitus (DM). En este trabajo revisamos los beneficios de los iSGLT2 tanto en la IC con FE reducida, con FE ligeramente reducida y conservada, quedando patente que los efectos de reducción de la morbimortalidad se inician de forma precoz tras su introducción. En conjunto, la evidencia actual apoya su uso tanto en IC aguda y crónica iniciado desde urgencias, con buena tolerancia y sin necesidad de titulación.
Missed opportunities for in-hospital diagnosis of HIV infection in patients with delayed diagnoses from 2015 through 2021
Authors: Hernández-Febles Melisa , Lagarejos Eduardo , Cárdenes Santana Miguel Ángel , Granados Monzón Rafael , Pavón José Antonio , Pena López María José
Published: May 2024

OBJETIVO. La infección oculta y el diagnóstico tardío de la infección por VIH constituyen un problema de salud, individual y epidemiológico. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las oportunidades perdidas que ocurren en el ámbito hospitalario para el diagnóstico de VIH en los pacientes que debutan con una infección avanzada. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo observacional de pacientes diagnosticados de infección por VIH entre los años 2015 y 2021 en nuestra área de salud. En los pacientes con diagnóstico tardío, se revisaron los episodios de consulta en los servicios hospitalarios en los 3 años previos a la fecha del diagnóstico, para conocer si se produjeron pérdidas de oportunidad de diagnóstico del VIH. RESULTADOS. De las 358 personas diagnosticadas, 145 (40,5%) presentaron un diagnóstico tardío. En 62 (42,8%) pacientes con diagnóstico tardío se detectaron 139 oportunidades perdidas de diagnóstico del VIH. En 37 (59,7%) pacientes se perdió más de una oportunidad. El tiempo medio entre la primera oportunidad y el diagnóstico fue de 15,8 meses. En el 51,8% de las ocasiones las personas presentaban una enfermedad definitoria, indicadora o asociada al VIH y en el 48,2% se perdió la oportunidad de una oferta rutinaria o dirigida. El servicio en que más pérdidas se produjeron fue el de urgencias hospitalario, con 76 (54,7%) oportunidades en 49 (79%) pacientes. CONCLUSIONES. En más del 40% de los pacientes con diagnóstico tardío de VIH se perdió la oportunidad de ser diagnosticados en el hospital en los 3 años previos al diagnóstico. La buena praxis médica recomienda cribar el VIH en determinadas situaciones clínicas, por lo que este estudio pone de manifiesto la necesidad de implementar nuevas herramientas que permitan mejorar estos resultados.
Experience using the Balearic Islands Risk of Alcohol Poisoning Scale
Authors: Puiguriguer-Ferrando Jordi , Ortega-Pérez Juan , Homar-Amengual Catalina , Frontera-Juan Guillermo , Comas-Díaz Bernardino , Barceló-Martín Bernardino
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. El uso de alcohol es habitual en nuestra sociedad, provocando en casos de abuso intoxicaciones agudas, que genera problemas asistenciales, debido a la saturación de los recursos sanitarios, principalmente en zonas turísticas y de ocio. OBJETIVO. Comprobar la capacidad de discriminar los casos leves de intoxicación aguda por alcohol (IAA) de los graves, aplicando una escala de gravedad pronóstica, en los intoxicados atendidos en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario (SUH). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Análisis prospectivo de la escala EBRIA (Escala Balear del Riesgo en la Intoxicación Alcohólica) aplicada a pacientes con IAA, comparando las variables clínicas de pacientes con valores de EBRIA = 0 y > 0 y estimación de su capacidad para detección de los casos más leves mediante curvas ROC. RESULTADOS. Se incluyeron 490 pacientes. La media de edad fue de 28,6 (±14,31) años, 8,77% menores de edad, 211 británicos (43,1%) y 188 españoles (38,3%). Doscientos cincuenta y uno (51,3%) tuvieron un EBRIA > 0 (2,17% del total de asistencias en el SUH). En este grupo, la estancia media, porcentaje de ingresos, la solicitud de exploraciones complementarias fue mayor que las de los que tuvieron EBRIA = 0 (6:36 y 2:18 horas, 15 y 0, 40,6 y 8,3%, 32,6 y 0,4%, respectivamente) (p < 0,0001). La correlación entre las puntuaciones en EBRIA y los parámetros estudiados fue alta y la capacidad discriminante de EBRIA fue de 0,876 (IC 95%: 0, 83- 0,92). CONCLUSIONES. La escala EBRIA puede discriminar con seguridad a las IAA con mayor complejidad y gravedad (EBRIA > 0) de las de menor (EBRIA = 0), y su puntuación numérica final ayuda a establecer un pronóstico sobre la de necesidad del uso recursos asistenciales en los casos más complejos.
The Chinese Scholarship on Mongolia and Its Development Trend
Authors: Meng Gencang
Published: May 2024

Since the normalization of the relationship between China and Mongolia in the early 1990s, the Chinese academia has conducted a multi-angle research on Mongolia’s political and economic transformation, foreign policy, and social culture. Especially on the contents of the Belt and Road, since the President of China proposed the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor in 2014, Chinese universities and research institutions have successively established the Mongolia Research Centers and related research institutions, dedicated to research on the corridor construction, Sino-Mongolian strategic development, humanities exchange, and other related researches. This paper will introduce China’s Mongolia Research Centers and other related research institutions and analyze the Chinese scholarship on Mongolia and its development trend.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RELATIVE TO IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES AND PROGRAMS TOWARDS SAFE AND HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Espiritu Editha
Published: May 2024

This study aims to investigate solid waste management programs and policies implemented to promote a safe and healthy school environment in Anao-Kiling Elementary School, Roxas, Isabela. Fifty internal and 30 external stakeholders served as respondents of the study. This research uses a descriptive-normative approach to assess stakeholders' awareness, implementation levels, and challenges. The data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews, and analyzed through statistical tools such as percentages, weighted means, ANOVA, Chi-Square C-Test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that there is a high level of awareness among respondents regarding the policies of segregation, reduction, reuse, and recycling. However, challenges remain regarding waste disposal, showing the need for improvements in the overall implementation of the program and advocacy efforts. In addition, the level of stakeholder participation varied, with composting of biodegradable waste showing the highest level of implementation. Internal stakeholders experienced excessive waste, whereas external stakeholders experienced problems such as a lack of time. There was a significant relationship between existing programs, dissemination, and implementation levels. However, the respondents' perceptions and their profile variables did not show a significant correlation. Conclusions emphasize stakeholder representation, adequate dissemination of program information, and the need for targeted solutions to address implementation challenges. As a result of this study, holistic waste management strategies are crucial to creating a sustainable and healthy educational environment.
Refleksi Mazmur 8:4-9 terhadap fenomena bunuh diri dalam komunitas Kristen
Authors: Waruwu Foera Era
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe book of Psalm 8:4-9 shows that humans are noble creatures from the beginning created by God, but the problem is that humans do not realize that they are noble so they easily take action to take their lives (suicide) just because of the pressures of life. The methodical approach used in this study is qualitative by analyzing various existing literature and also the grammar and context involved in the discussion. Humans must be made aware again that humans were not created just to manage the earth, but as an image of God who must be able to represent life as a noble creature within himself. Psalm 8:4-9 explains that humans are special creations before God and He cares deeply for them. Therefore, humans should not act recklessly especially suicide, why? is it because taking one's life means not regretting the glory and not appreciating the God who gave it. Keywords: Psalms, Noble, Suicide, Christian, AbstrakKitab Mazmur 8:4-9 menunjukkan bahwa manusia adalah makhluk yang mulia sejak semula diciptakan oleh Allah, tetapi yang menjadi permasalahannya manusia tidak menyadari dirinya mulia sehingga dengan mudahnya mengambil tindakan melayangkan nyawa (bunuh diri) hanya karena tekanan hidup. Pendekatan metodik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menganalisis berbagai literatur yang ada dan juga gramatika serta konteks yang terkait dalam bahasan. Manusia harus disadarkan kembali bahwa manusia tidak diciptakan hanya sekedar mengelola bumi saja, melainkan sebagai gambar Allah yang harus bisa mempresentasikan kehidupan sebagai makhluk mulia dalam dirinya. Mazmur 8:4-9 menjelaskan bahwa manusia adalah ciptaan istimewa di hadapan Allah dan Ia sangat memperhatikannya. Oleh karena itu, manusia tidak boleh bertindak sembarangan terutama bunuh diri, kenapa? karena melayangkan nyawa berarti tidak menyayangkan kemuliaan dan tidak menghargai Allah yang memberikannya. Kata kunci: Mazmur, Mulia, Bunuh diri, Kristen