bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Channel estimation and detection with space–time transmission scheme in colocated multiple‐input and multiple‐output system
Authors: Rani Pratibha , M.K. Arti , Dimri Pradeep Kumar
Published: March 2023

In this study, a space–time transmission scheme is proposed to tackle the limitations of channel estimation with orthogonal pilot information in colocated multiple‐input multiple‐output systems with several transmitting and receiving antennas. Channel information is obtained using orthogonal pilots. Channel estimation introduces pilot heads required to estimate a channel. This leads to bandwidth insufficiency. As a result, trade‐offs exist between the number of pilots required to estimate a channel versus spectral efficiency. The detection of data symbols is performed using the maximum likelihood decoding method as it provides a consistent approach to parameter estimation problems. The moment‐generating function of the instantaneous signal‐to‐noise ratio is used to drive an approximate expression of the symbol error rate for the proposed scheme. Furthermore, the order of diversity is less by one than the number of receiver antennas used in the proposed scheme. The effect of the length of a pilot sequence on the proposed scheme's performance is also investigated.
West Nile Virus and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Co-Infection in a Novel Host at the Nashville Zoo
Authors: Moncayo Abelardo , Moore Thomas , Bopp Nathen , Robertson Heather , Woc Colburn Margarita , Fernandez Diana , Widen Steve , Stilwell Justin , McManamon Rita , Dunn John , Aguilar Patricia
Published: March 2023

On August 30, 2017, one of five bontebok in a mixed-species exhibit at the Nashville Zoo at Grassmere exhibited acute hind-limb ataxia and altered demeanor. Pathological examination demonstrated meningoencephalitis and spinal myelitis. Coinfection of West Nile virus (WNV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) was revealed by quantitative real-time and traditional reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assays and virus isolation/whole genome sequencing from brain tissue, respectively. Whole genome sequencing was conducted for EHDV. Mosquito testing from September 19 to October 13, 2017, demonstrated a higher WNV infection rate in mosquitoes at the zoo compared with the rest of Nashville-Davidson County. EHDV is endemic in wild white-tailed deer (family Cervidae) in Tennessee, and the prevalence in wildlife depends on environmental influences. This case illustrates the potential susceptibility of exotic zoo animals to endemic domestic arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) and reinforces the importance of cooperative antemortem and postmortem surveillance strategies among human, wildlife, and domestic animal health agencies.
Effect of the Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine TAK-003 on Sequential Episodes of Symptomatic Dengue
Authors: Sáez-Llorens Xavier , Biswal Shibadas , Borja-Tabora Charissa , Fernando LakKumar , Liu Mengya , Wallace Derek , Folschweiller Nicolas , Reynales Humberto , LeFevre Inge , _ _
Published: March 2023

In the pivotal phase 3 efficacy trial (NCT02747927) of the TAK-003 dengue vaccine, 5 of 13,380 TAK-003 recipients and 13 of 6,687 placebo recipients experienced two episodes of symptomatic dengue between the first dose and the end of the study, ∼57 months later (patients received the second dose 3 months after the first dose). Two of these participants experienced repeat infection with the same serotype (i.e., homotypic reinfection). In comparison with placebo, the relative risk of a subsequent episode of symptomatic dengue was 0.19 (95% CI, 0.07–0.54) in TAK-003 recipients. Based on the small number of subsequent episodes, these data suggest a potential incremental effect of TAK-003 beyond prevention of the first episode of symptomatic dengue after vaccination.
Creating and Validating Ligase Primers to Detect Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Atovaquone Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Alruwaili Muharib , Elahi Rubayet , van Schalkwyk Donelly , Sutherland Colin , Shapiro Theresa , Prigge Sean , Sullivan David
Published: March 2023

Atovaquone-proguanil is one of the most commonly prescribed malaria prophylactic drugs. However, sporadic mutations conferring resistance to atovaquone have been detected in recent years associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b ( pfcytb) gene. Monitoring polymorphisms linked with resistance is essential in assessing the prevalence of drug resistance and may help in designing strategies for malaria control. Several approaches have been used to study genetic polymorphisms associated with antimalarial drug resistance. However, they either lack high throughput capacity or are expensive in time or money. Ligase detection reaction fluorescent microsphere assay (LDR-FMA) provides a high-throughput method to detect genetic polymorphisms in P. falciparum. In this study, we have created primers to detect SNPs associated with clinically relevant atovaquone resistance using LDR-FMA and validated them in clinical samples. Four SNPs from pfcytb gene were analyzed using LDR-FMA. The results were 100% consistent with DNA sequence data, indicating that this method has potential as a tool to detect genetic polymorphisms associated with atovaquone resistance in P. falciparum.
Ichthyofauna Diversity and Its Distribution in a Low-Saline Lake of Indonesia
Authors: Muhtadi Ahmad , Yulianda Fredinan , Boer Mennofatria , Krisanti Majariana , Desrita
Published: March 2023

Lake Siombak is a tidal lake that is an estuary around the lake covered with various mangrove trees. It is interesting to study the fish's spatial and temporal distribution as a unique and distinctive tidal lake ecosystem. This research was conducted for a year (from September 2018 to August 2019). Fish sampling was performed by installing gill nets (mesh size 1 inch) and cast nets (mesh size 0.5 inch). Gill nets and cast nets were installed at high and low tides during the full moon. This research showed that there were 27 species of 20 families. Tilapia, Mudskipper, Indo-pacific tarpon, and mainly Rice Fish are always found in Lake Siombak. The fish group at Lake Siombak consists of freshwater fish (mainly: Tilapia, Catfish, and Snakehead), brackish fish (mainly: Mudskipper, Rice fish, and Indo-pacific tarpon), and marine fish (mainly: Milkfish, Kanda mullet, and John's snapper). The actual resident in Lake Siombak consists of Oryziidae, Tilapia, and mudskipper. Other fish are temporary resident fish except for Lutjanidae and Scatophagidae as visitor fish during high tide and high salinity periods (dry season) and Synbranchidae during low salinity (rainy season).
Evaluation of the Community Structure Leafminer Fly, Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and Their Parasitoids on Various Host Plant Families in Bali Province
Authors: I Wayan Supartha  , I Wayan Susila  , Aunu Rauf  , B. Merle Shepard  , I Wayan Eka Karya Utama  , I Wayan Sandikayasa  , I Kadek Wisma Yudha  , Putu Angga Wiradana
Published: March 2023

Leaf miners, Liriomyza spp., have developed as a severe pest in recent years, reducing the production of several ornamental and crops in Indonesia. As a result, monitoring and control mechanisms have been proposed. This research aimed to investigate community structure and identify Liriomyza spp., which impacts crops and natural parasitoids in Bali Province. Leaf samples of vegetables, ornamental plants, and related species were collected in all regencies/cities of Bali Province in 2019 and 2020 and preserved in the laboratory for observation and counting of leaf miners and related parasitoids. The findings revealed that four Liriomyza spp. were detected in host plants, namely Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae), Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae), Liriomyza chinensis Kato (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and Liriomyza trifolii Burgess (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Asteraceae species were the most common host plants attacked by leaf miners in the field. The same occurrence was discovered at both heights (high and lowlands). The dry season is the most crucial component in the abundance of Liriomyza spp. In addition, parasitoids of the type Opius cromatomiyae Belokobylskij and Wharton (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Hemiptarsenun varicornis Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were identified in abundance in Asteraceae plants. Similarly, the parasitization rate of the two parasitoids was found to be high in plants of the Asteraceae and Brassicae families. This approach highlights the decision-making process for controlling Liriomyza spp. on diverse host plant families by developing ecologically beneficial and sustainable parasitoids.
Variation of Handedness and Creativity in Bogor Primary and Secondary School Students
Authors: Nurhayu Winati , Muktiono Permesyawari , Widayati Kanthi Arum , Suryobroto Bambang
Published: March 2023

Left-handed individual’s minority has been ubiquitous in human population which leads them to be adaptable in right-handed world. As a preference, daily hand used must be consistentacross individuals and tasks, known as handedness. Handedness needs to be assessed with specific tasks using tools due to consistency of using either hand. There is a different adaptation that leads to creativity in left-handed individuals. The aim of this study is to assess left-handed individuals and measure their creativity. Handedness was examined by self-declared and 10 specific tasks of 493 both primary and secondary school students in Bogor, Indonesia. The total frequency of left-handed individuals was 7.3%. It seems that there are special adaptations that may signal creative behavior for left-handed individuals. The result showed that the left-handed females had higher creativity score than the males on Adjective Check List. Age and sex influence on creativity are discussed.
Phytotoxic and Cytotoxic Polyketides Produced by Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Psidium guajava
Authors: Oktriawan Tendy , Ariefta Nanang , Raharjo Tri Joko , Astuti Endang , Koseki Takuya , Shiono Yoshihito
Published: March 2023

Endophytic fungi reside within their host plants with no obvious symptoms. They have been proven as abundant sources of new bioactive compounds with diverse structures. In our continuous search of the new compound from endophytic fungi, a new compound, 5,7-dihydroxy-3(R)-methylphthalide (1), was isolated from Xylaria brevipes PGR1, and three known compounds, (–)-altenuene (2), alternariol (3), and altertoxin I (4), were isolated from Alternaria alternata D-8. Both endophytic fungi were isolated from the branch of an Indonesian medicinal plant, Psidium guajava. Their structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopy analyses, including 1D/2D NMR, HRESITOFMS, and data comparisons with the literature. Compounds 1–3 exhibited phytotoxicity at IC50 (µg/ml) values of 4.6, 23.07, and 77.28, respectively. Additionally, 1–4 showed significant cytotoxicity in the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT), with mortality rates at 75%, 50%, 90%, and 80% at the concentration of 0.19 μg/ml, respectively.
COI Gene Analysis of Asian Horseshoe Crab in Banyuasin Estuarine Waters, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah , Mustopa Apon Zaenal , Fauziyah  , Purwiyanto Anna Ida Sunaryo , Priyanto Langgeng , Sari Nita Puspita , Agustriani Fitri , Rozirwan Rozirwan
Published: March 2023

There is limited study on DNA barcoding of horseshoe crabs in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The present study was the first to record horseshoe crabs' COI DNA barcoding in three localities of Banyasin estuarine waters. The nucleotide composition was in a strong adenine thymine bias (AT = 63.90%) with high haplotypic diversity (Hd = 0.858) relative to low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0534). A total of 16 haplotypes were recorded, of which two were in Carat Cape, 4 in Makati Jaya, and 12 in the Banyuasin river estuary (BRE), and Hap 1 was a dominant type (62.5%). The population differentiation (FST) value was varied, and only in the comparison of BRE-Carat Cape was significant (FST = 0.637), while the gene flow (Nm) value in Makati Jaya-BRE was high (6.563). The neutrality test, Tajima's D (0.4142), and Fu's Fs values were negative (-0.492), suggesting these populations have experienced a current bottleneck or multiplication. Analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) suggested that 68% was distributed within populations. The haplotype network, PCoA, and phylogenetic of COI DNA sequences clustered in three groups correspond to Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, Tachypleus gigas, and Tachypleus tridentatus. This finding is a matter of concern for managing and conserving horseshoe crab species in Banyuasin estuarine waters.
Untargeted LC-QTOF-MS/MS Based Metabolomic Profile Approach of Bacterial Ferment Lysates and Skin Commensal Bacterial Cocktail Ferment Lysates
Authors: Baikuni Ahmad , Hawari Fathan Luthfi , Sutriyo  , Ramadon Delly , Malik Amarila
Published: March 2023

Microbial therapy has been increasingly developed in the medical and health fields and has triggered advances in the process of formulating skincare products. The skin microbiota becomes the target in the development of active ingredients to produce an optimal effect in the balance of its composition which leads to its usefulness in maintaining skin health and providing protection. Postbiotic bacteria can maintain homeostasis of the skin microbiome so that it has the potential to be used as an active ingredient in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) in skincare products and have broad benefits due to its various active substances. The aim of this study was to examine the metabolites profile contained in the bacterial fermented lysate fraction, which is also served as a marker in identifying the metabolite variations of the lysate fractions and their API dosage forms. Ferment lysate API preparations were prepared in the form of freeze dried and spray dried. The metabolite profile analysis was carried out using the untargeted LC-QTOF-MS/MS metabolomic approach and multivariate analysis. Result revealed 30 differential features of the putative metabolites, and by performing metabolites annotationfor their bioactivities through intensive literature research, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory, we elucidated these compounds are discovered in dry form of lysates.
Leclercia adecarboxylata C12, The Newly Isolated Cellulose-degrading Bacteria from Indonesian Coffee Pulp
Authors: Wardani Agustin Krisna , Brahmanti Ajeng Astrini , Martati Erryana
Published: March 2023

Culturable cellulose-degrading microorganisms were collected from Arabica coffee pulp in East Java, Indonesia. Fifty isolates were obtained, and thirty-three isolates showed hydrolyzing zone on Carboxy Methyl Cellulose agar plates after Congo-Red staining. The highest specific CMCase activity was observed by isolates C12, identified as Leclercia adecarboxylata based on 16S-rRNA gene sequence analysis. SDS-PAGE of Leclercia adecarboxylata C12 cellulase revealed two bands with a molecular mass of 95.49 and 81.28 kDa, respectively. Activity gel analysis showed the cellulolytic ability of Leclercia adecarboxylata C12 cellulase by clear zone formation. The optimal CMCase activity was achieved at 50°C and pH 9, and the activity retained 47% of its initial activity after incubation at 50°C for 90 minutes. The purified enzyme remains stable from pH 5 to 10, with 77% of its maximum activity. The activity of CMCase was stimulated by the presence of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe3+, while SDS and EDTA reduced its activity. The current study shows that the thermostable-alkalophilic cellulase produced by Leclercia adecarboxylata C12 is very promising for industrial applications.
Preparing for the post-war reconstruction of historical monuments in Ukraine: Considerations in regard of the ongoing Polish post-WWII experience and international law on the protection and conservation of historical monuments
Authors: Ivashko Yulia , Tovbych Valerii , Hlushchenko Artem , Belinskyi Sergii , Kobylarczyk Justyna , Kuśnierz-Krupa Dominika , Dmytrenko Andrii
Published: March 2023

The article deals with three groups of issues, which are closely interrelated. The main problem discussed is the issue of the reconstruction, revalorisation and protection of Ukrainian monuments exposed to destruction as a result of warfare and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The second issue presented is the experience of Polish conservators in the area of cities destroyed during World War II. The third issue is international legislation in the field of heritage protection, which was analysed for the planned activities in the area of reconstruction and revaluation of Ukrainian monuments after the end of the war. The above-mentioned research was carried out by a Polish-Ukrainian team of heritage conservators, which seeks to be involved in the process of saving Ukrainian cultural heritage.
Integrity Study of the Machined Surface Quality in Hard Turning
Authors: Bourdim Mokhtar , Maamar Djilali Beida , Boualem Khadidja , Maizia Ahmed
Published: March 2023

Since their appearance, machining techniques have undergone multiple improvements. The processes of shaping materials by removing material have been constantly questioned in order to stay in step with industrial requirements, whatever economic or ecological. Today, the manufacturing engineer must therefore be able to answer a multitude of questions in order to quickly produce parts of the required quality and at low cost. Hard turning is a process that can be described as standard in a number of sectors such as the production of bearing steel 100Cr6 chrome with a hardness of 62 RC, but also turning auto parts steel chromium-manganese cemented hardened gears as 27MnCr5 a hardness of 62 RC. The technical and economic feasibility of machining parts such harshness was made possible thanks to the use of new tool materials with a very high hardness and high chemical stability at high temperatures, such as cubic boron nitride CBN, and with the arrival of new machine tools with significant stability and high precision. Hard turning allows today to produce high-quality surfaces from competing in many cases, operations traditionally reserved for rectification. High speed machining has also showed its competitiveness in applications such as turning parts for gearboxes and drivesystems in hardened materials. This article is a contribution to the study of the integrity of the machined surface in hard turning.
Groundwater Quality Assessment in Korba Coalfield Region, India: An Integrated Approach of GIS and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) Model
Authors: Dheeraj Vijayendra Pratap , Singh C. S. , Kishore Nawal , Sonkar Ashwani Kumar
Published: March 2023

The goal of this study was to examine the water quality for drinking and domestic purposes in the Korba coalfield region of Chhattisgarh, India. The Korba Coalfield region has seen the collection of fifteen groundwater samples from different places. The content of eight metals was determined using ICP-MS instruments: aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). Spatial distribution maps were produced using GIS software to make it simple to understand the groundwater’s quality. The groundwater samples were collected during the pre-monsoon season and the amount of Al, Ba, Cd, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, and Zn exceeded the ideal drinking water standards in a few sites. The elevated metal concentrations in the study region’s groundwater could be hazardous to the quality of water. The HPI value based on mean concentration was calculated to be 21.64, which is significantly lower than the reference pollutant index score of 100. The HPI calculation revealed that 73.33% of groundwater samples had low HPI values, 6.67% had medium HPI values, and the remaining 20% had high HPI values. The correlation between heavy metals and HPI was calculated; HPI is positively correlated with Fe (r > 0.9471), Pb (r > 0.9666), and Zn (r > 0.9634), indicating that these elements contribute significantly more to heavy metal concentration in the various samples examined than the other selected elements. The box plot seems to be a graphical representation of the outcomes of the different parameter concentrations which show the mean, maximum, and minimum metal values. The cluster analysis was performed and it was classified into two clusters. Cluster-1 comprises 14 members (93.33%) of the water samples examined and is distinguished by relatively low Ba (<700 μg.L-1), pH, TDS, Al, Fe, Cd, Mn, Pb, and Zn concentrations. Cluster-II is made up of 1 member (6.67%), which is primarily made up of groundwater samples (GW-10) taken in the KCF region, India. High values of HPI are found in the eastern portion of Chhattisgarh’s KCF region, reflecting the spatial distribution of metals. Heavy metal leaching from open-pit mining and transit routes was observed to have contaminated groundwater in the eastern section of the research region.
Identification and Characterization of Aluminium Tolerant Bacteria Isolated from Soil Contaminated by Electroplating and Automobile Waste
Authors: Bisht H. , Kumar N.
Published: March 2023

Due to anthropogenic activities and the advancement of industries, metal contamination is growing globally. Aluminum toxicity is seriously endangering plants, animals, and humans by rapidly rising in soil and water. Even though some fungi can tolerate aluminum, researchers are interested in finding bacteria that are resistant to aluminum. The current state of knowledge on bacteria resistant to aluminum is extremely limited. In the present study, bacterial isolates from soil near a metal electroplating and automobile industry in Punjab, India, were isolated and then screened for high aluminum metal tolerance. The aluminum tolerant bacterial isolate was identified as Cedecea davisae M1, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, using morphological, biochemical, and 16srRNA gene sequence analyses. The spectroscopic results indicate that the strain may tolerate up to 150 ppm of aluminum. Antibiotic resistance of Cedecea davisae M1 was determined using disks on Luria agar plates, and the bacteria were found to be resistant to vancomycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and rifampicin. The findings of the study indicated that the strain might be able to remove aluminum toxicity from the environment, which needs to be further explored.
Sustainable Campus Policy Strategy in Estimating CO2 Emissions at the Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Sunardiyo Said , Purwanto P. , Hermawan H.
Published: March 2023

In the fight against global warming, various options for reducing CO2 emissions are being implemented on campus. Furthermore, the management of campus sustainability at the Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), Central Java, Indonesia, should be supported by accurate forecasts of electrical energy consumption. Therefore, this research aims to develop a predictive model to forecast the consumption of electrical energy in reducing CO2 emissions and to determine the factors triggering the increase. The prediction model is developed using Back Propagation Neural Network Artificial (BP-ANN) architecture. Furthermore, the data on the occupancy of lecturers and education staff as well as on students was obtained from the University's staffing and student affairs bureau. Climatic data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, the duration of irradiation, and the average intensity of solar radiation were obtained per month from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency of Semarang, Central Java for the 2013-2019 period as input data. The results of the empirical analysis showed an increase in electrical energy consumption from 2020 to 2025. In March, the consumption decreased but increased from April to June and decreased in July. It then increased until November and December, and it decreased every year. The results of CO2 emissions calculated by considering the emission factors from Indonesia's RUPTL-PLN in 2020-2025 showed an increase in electrical energy consumption and the ecological consequences affecting the campus area. Furthermore, the main factors causing the high consumption of electrical energy are the occupancy rate, lecturers, students, and campus employees, as well as local climate influences such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, duration of solar radiation, and intensity of solar radiation. Therefore, developing guidelines to reduce power consumption on campus should be a priority
Sustainable Green Approach of Silica Nanoparticle Synthesis Using an Agro-waste Rice Husk
Authors: Kumari Mikhlesh , Singh Kulbir , Dhull Paramjeet , Lohchab Rajesh Kumar , Haritash A. K.
Published: March 2023

Agro-waste can provide a non-metallic, environmentally friendly bio-precursor for the production of green silica nanoparticles. To manufacture silica nanoparticles from rice husk, biogenic silica nanoparticles were generated using an alkaline precipitation approach. Rice husk as a source of silica nanoparticles is environmentally and economically valuable because it is a plentiful lower price agricultural derivative that can be used to help with waste management. During the synthesis process, the dose of rice husk ash was used at 5 g at pH 7, alkali dose concentration of 0.5 M, reaction period of 3.5 h, and temperature of 90°C that produced maximum silica nanoparticles with a yield of 88.5%. To optimize the silica nanoparticle production from rice husk ash Box Behnken Design (BBD) a subcategory of the response surface methodology (RSM) was accomplished. BBD model was successfully matched, as evidenced by the high correlation values of adjusted R2 0.9989 and predicted R2 0.9977. Silica nanoparticles’ amorphous form generated from rice husk ash is indicated by XRD analysis 2Ө peak at 22.12° and UV-Vis Spectroscopy absorbance peak at 312 nm. The amorphous shape of silica is amorphous and crystalline defined through XRD. nanoparticles generated from rice husk ash is indicated by FESEM analysis and EDX analysis, confirming that the SiO2 elemental configuration comprises the highest concentration of Si and O. The existence of a siloxane group in the produced compound was revealed by FTIR spectra stretching vibrations at 803.69 and 1089.05 cm-1
PMFault: Faulting and Bricking Server CPUs through Management Interfaces
Authors: Chen Zitai , Oswald David
Published: March 2023

Apart from the actual CPU, modern server motherboards contain other auxiliary components, for example voltage regulators for power management. Those are connected to the CPU and the separate Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) via the I2C-based PMBus. In this paper, using the case study of the widely used Supermicro X11SSL motherboard, we show how remotely exploitable software weaknesses in the BMC (or other processors with PMBus access) can be used to access the PMBus and then perform hardware-based fault injection attacks on the main CPU. The underlying weaknesses include insecure firmware encryption and signing mechanisms, a lack of authentication for the firmware upgrade process and the IPMI KCS control interface, as well as the motherboard design (with the PMBus connected to the BMC and SMBus by default). First, we show that undervolting through the PMBus allows breaking the integrity guarantees of SGX enclaves, bypassing Intel’s countermeasures against previous undervolting attacks like Plundervolt/V0ltPwn. Second, we experimentally show that overvolting outside the specified range has the potential of permanently damaging Intel Xeon CPUs, rendering the server inoperable. We assess the impact of our findings on other server motherboards made by Supermicro and ASRock. Our attacks, dubbed PMFault, can be carried out by a privileged software adversary and do not require physical access to the server motherboard or knowledge of the BMC login credentials. We responsibly disclosed the issues reported in this paper to Supermicro and discuss possible countermeasures at different levels. To the best of our knowledge, the 12th generation of Supermicro motherboards, which was designed before we reported PMFault to Supermicro, is not vulnerable.
Areion: Highly-Efficient Permutations and Its Applications to Hash Functions for Short Input
Authors: Isobe Takanori , Ito Ryoma , Liu Fukang , Minematsu Kazuhiko , Nakahashi Motoki , Sakamoto Kosei , Shiba Rentaro
Published: March 2023

In the real-world applications, the overwhelming majority of cases require hashing with relatively short input, say up to 2K bytes. The length of almost all TCP/IP packets is between 40 to 1.5K bytes, and the maximum packet lengths of major protocols, e.g., Zigbee, Bluetooth low energy, and Controller Area Network (CAN) are less than 128 bytes. However, existing schemes are not well optimized for short input. To bridge the gap between real-world needs (in future) and limited performances of state-of-the-art hash functions for short input, we design a family of wide-block permutations Areion that fully leverages the power of AES instructions, which are widely deployed in many devices. As its applications, we propose several hash functions. Areion significantly outperforms existing schemes for short input and even competitive to relatively long message. Indeed, our hash function is surprisingly fast, and its performance is less than 3 cycles/byte in the latest Intel architecture for any message size. Especially, it is about 10 times faster than existing state-of-the-art schemes for short message up to around 100 bytes, which are most widely-used input size in real-world applications, on both the latest CPU architectures (IceLake, Tiger Lake, and Alder Lake) and mobile platforms (Pixel 6 and iPhone 13).
Peek into the Black-Box: Interpretable Neural Network using SAT Equations in Side-Channel Analysis
Authors: Yap Trevor , Benamira Adrien , Bhasin Shivam , Peyrin Thomas
Published: March 2023

Deep neural networks (DNN) have become a significant threat to the security of cryptographic implementations with regards to side-channel analysis (SCA), as they automatically combine the leakages without any preprocessing needed, leading to a more efficient attack. However, these DNNs for SCA remain mostly black-box algorithms that are very difficult to interpret. Benamira et al. recently proposed an interpretable neural network called Truth Table Deep Convolutional Neural Network (TT-DCNN), which is both expressive and easier to interpret. In particular, a TT-DCNN has a transparent inner structure that can entirely be transformed into SAT equations after training. In this work, we analyze the SAT equations extracted from a TT-DCNN when applied in SCA context, eventually obtaining the rules and decisions that the neural networks learned when retrieving the secret key from the cryptographic primitive (i.e., exact formula). As a result, we can pinpoint the critical rules that the neural network uses to locate the exact Points of Interest (PoIs). We validate our approach first on simulated traces for higher-order masking. However, applying TT-DCNN on real traces is not straightforward. We propose a method to adapt TT-DCNN for application on real SCA traces containing thousands of sample points. Experimental validation is performed on software-based ASCADv1 and hardware-based AES_HD_ext datasets. In addition, TT-DCNN is shown to be able to learn the exact countermeasure in a best-case setting.
Prime-Field Masking in Hardware and its Soundness against Low-Noise SCA Attacks
Authors: Cassiers Gaëtan , Masure Loïc , Momin Charles , Moos Thorben , Standaert François-Xavier
Published: March 2023

A recent study suggests that arithmetic masking in prime fields leads to stronger security guarantees against passive physical adversaries than Boolean masking. Indeed, it is a common observation that the desired security amplification of Boolean masking collapses when the noise level in the measurements is too low. Arithmetic encodings in prime fields can help to maintain an exponential increase of the attack complexity in the number of shares even in such a challenging context. In this work, we contribute to this emerging topic in two main directions. First, we propose novel masked hardware gadgets for secure squaring in prime fields (since squaring is non-linear in non-binary fields) which prove to be significantly more resource-friendly than corresponding masked multiplications. We then formally show their local and compositional security for arbitrary orders. Second, we attempt to >experimentally evaluate the performance vs. security tradeoff of prime-field masking. In order to enable a first comparative case study in this regard, we exemplarily consider masked implementations of the AES as well as the recently proposed AESprime. AES-prime is a block cipher partially resembling the standard AES, but based on arithmetic operations modulo a small Mersenne prime. We present cost and performance figures for masked AES and AES-prime implementations, and experimentally evaluate their susceptibility to low-noise side-channel attacks. We consider both the dynamic and the static power consumption for our low-noise analyses and emulate strong adversaries. Static power attacks are indeed known as a threat for side-channel countermeasures that require a certain noise level to be effective because of the adversary’s ability to reduce the noise through intra-trace averaging. Our results show consistently that for the noise levels in our practical experiments, the masked prime-field implementations provide much higher security for the same number of shares. This compensates for the overheads prime computations lead to and remains true even if / despite leaking each share with a similar Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) as their binary equivalents. We hope our results open the way towards new cipher designs tailored to best exploit the advantages of prime-field masking.
“Whispering MLaaS”
Authors: Shukla Shubhi , Alam Manaar , Bhattacharya Sarani , Mitra Pabitra , Mukhopadhyay Debdeep
Published: March 2023

While recent advancements of Deep Learning (DL) in solving complex real-world tasks have spurred their popularity, the usage of privacy-rich data for their training in varied applications has made them an overly-exposed threat surface for privacy violations. Moreover, the rapid adoption of cloud-based Machine-Learning-asa-Service (MLaaS) has broadened the threat surface to various remote side-channel attacks. In this paper, for the first time, we show one such privacy violation by observing a data-dependent timing side-channel (naming this to be Class-Leakage) originating from non-constant time branching operation in a widely popular DL framework, namely PyTorch. We further escalate this timing variability to a practical inference-time attack where an adversary with user level privileges and having hard-label black-box access to an MLaaS can exploit Class-Leakage to compromise the privacy of MLaaS users. DL models have also been shown to be vulnerable to Membership Inference Attack (MIA), where the primary objective of an adversary is to deduce whether any particular data has been used while training the model. Differential Privacy (DP) has been proposed in recent literature as a popular countermeasure against MIA, where inclusivity and exclusivity of a data-point in a dataset cannot be ascertained by definition. In this paper, we also demonstrate that the existence of a data-point within the training dataset of a DL model secured with DP can still be distinguished using the identified timing side-channel. In addition, we propose an efficient countermeasure to the problem by introducing constant-time branching operation that alleviates the Class-Leakage. We validate the approach using five pre-trained DL models trained on two standard benchmarking image classification datasets, CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, over two different computing environments having Intel Xeon and Intel i7 processors.
On Protecting SPHINCS+ Against Fault Attacks
Authors: Genêt Aymeric
Published: March 2023

SPHINCS+ is a hash-based digital signature scheme that was selected by NIST in their post-quantum cryptography standardization process. The establishment of a universal forgery on the seminal scheme SPHINCS was shown to be feasible in practice by injecting a fault when the signing device constructs any non-top subtree. Ever since the attack has been made public, little effort was spent to protect the SPHINCS family against attacks by faults. This paper works in this direction in the context of SPHINCS+ and analyzes the current algorithms that aim to prevent fault-based forgeries.First, the paper adapts the original attack to SPHINCS+ reinforced with randomized signing and extends the applicability of the attack to any combination of faulty and valid signatures. Considering the adaptation, the paper then presents a thorough analysis of the attack. In particular, the analysis shows that, with high probability, the security guarantees of SPHINCS+ significantly drop when a single random bit flip occurs anywhere in the signing procedure and that the resulting faulty signature cannot be detected with the verification procedure. The paper shows both in theory and experimentally that the countermeasures based on caching the intermediate W-OTS+s offer a marginally greater protection against unintentional faults, and that such countermeasures are circumvented with a tolerable number of queries in an active attack. Based on these results, the paper recommends real-world deployments of SPHINCS+ to implement redundancy checks.
Content of vol. 4, 2013
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Boyanov Petar
Published: March 2023

Content of vol. 4, 2013
CONSTRUCTION FUNCTIONAL LITERACY THROUGH TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION
Authors:   KONSTANTIN PRESLAVSKY UNIVERSITY SHUMEN, Dimitrova Neli ,   115 INIVERSITETSKA STR. 9712 SHUMEN
Published: March 2023

In the present paper, characteristic on the technology education contents in preparation of generally education in tie with construction of functional literacy of the personality is made. The concept “functional literacy” can be examined as a general structure of different competencies or as a combination of different kinds of literacy which are constructive elements in the development of the personality in the field of technology education. It based on technology education, consists of: technical education, technological literacy, computer literacy, health literacy, ecological literacy, aesthetic literacy, communicative literacy, legal literacy, economic literacy. For the determination functional literacy level, formed by the technology education in the pupils in preparation of generally education (K5 – K8) have realized empirical research. The attainments of pupils by criterion and indexes on knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation levels are mark. The results have liable to statistical correlation analyses.
Understanding Lived Experiences of Stigma for People Living with HIV: A Community Based Participatory Research Study
Authors: Oliver Brent , Pearl Catherine , Felix Egbert S. , Norris Deborah , Olaniyan Folasade J. Elizabeth , Samson Kim , dela Cruz Aniela , Assselin Gabriel , Berezowski Kate , Hayward Celeste , Van Tassel Becky Van Tassel , Visser Floyd
Published: March 2023

The goal of this project was to better understand the experiences and impacts of HIV stigma and discrimination on people living with HIV and to co-create knowledge that has the potential to challenge existing stigma within the healthcare, social services, and public policy sectors in the province of Alberta, Canada. We employed community-based participatory research and a mixed methods design (survey methods and qualitative interviews) to address these questions. An online survey was completed by 148 people living with HIV and semi-structured interviews were conducted with an additional 20 participants. The research findings have been conceptualized within a social ecological model. The four main categories that emerged from the data included personal level factors attributed to HIV stigma, interpersonal factors related to HIV stigma, community factors related to HIV stigma, and HIV stigma in systems and institutions. Within each ecological domain we highlight the strengths and coping strategies people living with HIV identified in the study. Results will be of interest to health researchers and HIV service providers.
An Exploration in Social and Emotional Health of Vietnamese High School Students
Authors: Giang Thien-Vu , Huynh Van-Son , Mai My-Hanh
Published: March 2023

Social and emotional health (SEH) aims to promote academic success and create school well-being. SEH has not been studied in Vietnam. This article focused on exploring the SEH of Vietnamese high school students because of the high-risk level in mental health that appeared in this group. The study was carried out using a qualitative case study approach to interviewing 74 students, 12 teachers, 7 school administrators, and 4 school counselors. We interpreted four features of SEH's expression of Vietnamese students: (1) Confident but lack of individual perspectives, (2) Respectful but lack of listening and empathy in school relationships, (3) Balanced but lack of authentic perception of emotions and effective emotional management, (4) Satisfied but lack of sustainability and action. This study has broadened our understanding of external behaviours and current limitations in the young people’s SEH from their perspectives in a developing Southeast Asian country to promote positive psychological development in school-based prevention programs.
CHALLENGES OF SOLVING VISUALLY PRESENTED PROBLEMS
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Teacher Education Faculty, Milinković Jasmina V. , Simić Olivera S.
Published: March 2023

Organization of the teaching process which enables the acquisition of quality and effective mathematical knowledge applicable in different life situations and which lays the foundation for lifelong learning is based on problem-solving. Teaching how to solve visually presented problems is one objective that contributes to these overall goals. The main research goal of this paper is an experimental examination of the effects of problem-based teaching in the development of mathematical modeling skills involving visually presented problems. The effectiveness of teaching visually presented problems for the development of mathematical modeling skills in solving equations and inequalities in the fourth grade of primary school is examined. The descriptive method was used for the analysis, processing, and interpretation of the research results to investigate the type of errors pupils make when dealing with the visually presented information. Participants in the experimental program showed a higher level of knowledge when solving simple and complex equations and inequalities as well as in compos- ing texts based on given iconic representations of equations and inequalities, as opposed to the pupils not influenced by the experimental model. Given its positive effects on the development of mathematical modeling skills, teaching visually presented problems is justified during the early years of mathematics education.
THE PROBLEM OF (MIS)UNDERSTANDING THE EQUALS SIGN IN JUNIOR GRADES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Education in Užice, Milinković Nenad S. , Maričić Sanja M. ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Education in Užice, Lazić Bojan D. ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Education in Sombor
Published: March 2023

Correct understanding of the equals sign is the key to understanding arithme- tic, and a fundamental concept important for learning other areas of mathematics. Research around the world repeatedly mentions problems with correctly understanding the equals sign, emphasising the limited view of the equals sign as a command ”to calculate“ among students. The goal of the research was to identify the development of the concept of equality in line with the operationalised levels (operational, relational, and relational in the context of real-life prob- lem solving) and determine differences in understanding between students of the second (N = 190) and the fourth (N = 210) grade of primary school. The research was carried out using the testing technique. The research results show that students do not possess sufficiently developed relational understanding of the equals sign and that operational understanding prevails. Students of the fourth grade demonstrated better understanding of the equals sign at all levels of under- standing than the second graders.
TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDANCE IN ONLINE MATHEMATICS TEACHING
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Education in Sombor, Gorjanac Ranitović Marijana M. , Maričić Mirjana T. ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Education in Sombor, Marić Mia R. ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Education in Sombor, Petojević Aleksandar V. ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Education in Sombor, Gordić Snežana S. ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Education in Sombor
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the research was to examine teachers’ perceptions of the re- quirements and benefits of using indirect versus direct instruction in online mathematics teach- ing and its relation with socio-educational variables. Also, it is examined whether, compared to other subjects, teachers more often apply a certain type of instruction in mathematics classes, and what teaching materials and tools for communication they use when applying direct and indirect instruction in online mathematics teaching. The results showed that teachers perceive the benefits and requirements of indirect instruction compared to direct instruction, and this perception is a slightly determined by levels of their education and work experience. About half of teachers, use direct instruction more often in online mathematics classes, compared to the other subjects. They use a wide range of teaching materials and tools for communication. The results have implications for the further professional development of teachers in the domain of using direct and indirect instructions in mathematics teaching.
Suhrawardi’s Ishraq in Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Transcendentalism: A Phenomenological Reading of Knowledge and Intuition
Authors: Keramat Jahromi Maral , Asadi Amjad Fazel
Published: March 2023

Among all the Transcendentalists, Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) looked forward to a more glorious state in America than history had yet recorded at a turning point in the foundation of his nation’s literature. The belief in human progress culminating in a religion of humanity is the reason that Transcendentalism came into understanding Asian religions and doctrines to which Ishraq (Philosophy of Illumination) belongs. By explicating the phenomenological ontology of Suhrawardi’s concept of light in The Discourses of Philosophy of Illumination and placing this ontology within regard for Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s Ontopoiesis (phenomenology of Life) and Emerson’s Transcendentalism, a descriptive framework for such an analysis can be found with an emphasis upon knowledge and intuition. This comparative reading will bring an entire range of genuine phenomenological reflections in Ishraqi philosophy to the occidental forum of Transcendentalism, looking for parallel development and cross-cultural dialogue to reflect an intellectual affinity.