bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlates of the country differences in the infection and mortality rates during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Bayesian model averaging
Authors: Stojkoski Viktor , Utkovski Zoran , Jolakoski Petar , Tevdovski Dragan , Kocarev Ljupcho
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in great discrepancies in both infection and mortality rates between countries. Besides the biological and epidemiological factors, a multitude of social and economic criteria also influenced the extent to which these discrepancies appeared. Consequently, there is an active debate regarding the critical socio-economic and health factors that correlate with the infection and mortality rates outcome of the pandemic. Here, we leverage Bayesian model averaging techniques and country level data to investigate whether 28 variables, which describe a diverse set of health and socio-economic characteristics, correlate with the final number of infections and deaths during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic. We show that only a few variables are able to robustly correlate with these outcomes. To understand the relationship between the potential correlates in explaining the infection and death rates, we create a Jointness Space. Using this space, we conclude that the extent to which each variable is able to provide a credible explanation for the COVID-19 infections/mortality outcome varies between countries because of their heterogeneous features.
Low-dimensional physics of clay particle size distribution and layer ordering
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Wang Michael
Published: May 2022

Clays are known for their small particle sizes and complex layer stacking. We show here that the limited dimension of clay particles arises from the lack of long-range order in low-dimensional systems. Because of its weak interlayer interaction, a clay mineral can be treated as two separate low-dimensional systems: a 2D system for individual phyllosilicate layers and a quasi-1D system for layer stacking. The layer stacking or ordering in an interstratified clay can be described by a 1D Ising model while the limited extension of individual phyllosilicate layers can be related to a 2D Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition. This treatment allows for a systematic prediction of clay particle size distributions and layer stacking as controlled by the physical and chemical conditions for mineral growth and transformation. Clay minerals provide a useful model system for studying a transition from a 1D to 3D system in crystal growth and for a nanoscale structural manipulation of a general type of layered materials.
Seed priming with selenium and zinc nanoparticles modifies germination, growth, and yield of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Adhikary Saju , Biswas Benukar , Chakraborty Debashis , Timsina Jagadish , Pal Srikumar , Chandra Tarafdar Jagadish , Banerjee Saon , Hossain Akbar , Roy Sovan
Published: May 2022

Direct-seeded rice (DSR) seeds are often exposed to multiple environmental stresses in the field, leading to poor emergence, growth and productivity. Appropriate seed priming agents may help to overcome these challenges by ensuring uniform seed germination, and better seedling stand establishment. To examine the effectiveness of sodium selenite (Na-selenite), sodium selenate (Na-selenate), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), and their combinations as priming agents for DSR seeds, a controlled pot experiment followed by a field experiment over two consecutive years was conducted on a sandy clay loam soil (Inceptisol) in West Bengal, India. Priming with combinations of all priming agents had advantages over the hydro-priming treatment (control). All the combinations of the three priming agents resulted in the early emergence of seedlings with improved vigour. In the field experiment, all the combinations increased the plant chlorophyll, phenol and protein contents, leaf area index and duration, crop growth rate, uptake of nutrients (N, P, K, B, Zn and Si), and yield of DSR over the control. Our findings suggest that seed priming with the combination of ZnO-NPs, Na-selenite, and Na-selenate could be a viable option for the risk mitigation in DSR.
Correlation between seismic activity and tidal stress perturbations highlights growing instability within the brittle crust
Authors: Zaccagnino Davide , Telesca Luciano , Doglioni Carlo
Published: May 2022

Faults become more and more responsive to stress perturbations as instability mounts. We utilize this property in order to identify the different phases of the seismic cycle. Our analysis provides new insights about the features of impending mainshocks, which are proposed to emerge from a large-scale crustal-weakening preparation process whose duration depends on their seismic moments, according to the power-law T$$\propto$$∝M$$_{0}^{1/3}$$01/3for M$$_{0}$$0$$\le$$≤10$$^{19}$$19N m. Moreover, further studies are performed about the impact of tidal stress perturbation on seismicity; in particular, the relationship between frequency-magnitude scaling and perturbations is discussed, showing that the sensitivity of earthquakes to solid Earth tides decreases as their magnitudes increase.
Twist-resilient and robust ferroelectric quantum spin Hall insulators driven by van der Waals interactions
Authors: Marrazzo Antimo , Gibertini Marco
Published: May 2022

Quantum spin Hall insulators (QSHI) have been proposed to power several applications, many of which rely on the possibility to switch on and off the non-trivial topology. Typically this control is achieved through strain or electric fields, which require energy consumption to be maintained. On the contrary, a non-volatile mechanism would be highly beneficial and could be realized through ferroelectricity if opposite polarization states are associated with different topological phases. While this is not possible in a single ferroelectric material where the two polarization states are related by inversion, the necessary asymmetry could be introduced by combining a ferroelectric layer with another two-dimensional (2D) trivial insulator. Here, by means of first-principles simulations, not only we propose that this is a promising strategy to engineer non-volatile ferroelectric control of topological order in 2D heterostructures, but also that the effect is robust and can survive up to room temperature, irrespective of the weak van der Waals coupling between the layers. We illustrate the general idea by considering a heterostructure made of a well-known ferroelectric material, In2Se3, and a suitably chosen, easily exfoliable trivial insulator, CuI. In one polarization state the system is trivial, while it becomes a QSHI with a sizable band gap upon polarization reversal. Remarkably, the topological band gap is mediated by the interlayer hybridization and allows to maximize the effect of intralayer spin-orbit coupling, promoting a robust ferroelectric topological phase that could not exist in monolayer materials and is resilient against relative orientation and lattice matching between the layers.
Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomization study of blood copper levels and 213 deep phenotypes in humans
Authors: Yang Wenjun , Li Longman , Feng Xiuming , Cheng Hong , Ge Xiaoting , Bao Yu , Huang Lulu , Wang Fei , Liu Chaoqun , Chen Xing , Mo Zengnan , Yang Xiaobo
Published: May 2022

Metal elements are present in the human body, and their levels in the blood have important impacts on health. In this study, 2488 Chinese individuals were included in a genome-wide association study of 21 serum metal levels, with approximately 179,000 East Asian individuals in a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, and 628,000 Europeans in a two-sample MR analysis. We identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs35691438 and rs671 that were significantly associated with serum copper levels (SCLs). The bidirectional two-sample MR analysis in the East Asian population showed that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels have a causal effect on SCLs. SCLs have causal effects on six outcomes, namely risks of esophageal varix, glaucoma, sleep apnea syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus, white blood cell count, and usage of drugs affecting bone structure and mineralization. The two-sample MR analyses in the European population showed causal effects of erythrocyte copper levels on risks of carpal tunnel syndrome and compression fracture. Our results provide original insights into the causal relationship between blood metal levels and multiple human phenotypes.
Polarity protein SCRIB interacts with SLC3A2 to regulate proliferation and tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancer
Authors: Saito Yasuhiro , Matsuda Shiori , Ohnishi Naomi , Endo Keiko , Ashitani Sanae , Ohishi Maki , Ueno Ayano , Tomita Masaru , Ueda Koji , Soga Tomoyoshi , Muthuswamy Senthil K.
Published: May 2022

Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer represents 75% of all breast cancers in women. Although patients with ER+ cancers receive endocrine therapies, more than 30% develop resistance and succumb to the disease, highlighting the need to understand endocrine resistance. Here we show an unexpected role for the cell polarity protein SCRIB as a tumor-promoter and a regulator of endocrine resistance in ER-positive breast cancer cells. SCRIB expression is induced by estrogen signaling in a MYC-dependent manner. SCRIB interacts with SLC3A2, a heteromeric component of leucine amino acid transporter SLC7A5. SLC3A2 binds to the N-terminus of SCRIB to facilitate the formation of SCRIB/SLC3A2/LLGL2/SLC7A5 quaternary complex required for membrane localization of the amino acid transporter complex. Both SCRIB and SLC3A2 are required for cell proliferation and tamoxifen resistance in ER+ cells identifying a new role for the SCRIB/SLC3A2 complex in ER+ breast cancer.
Traffic restrictions during the 2008 Olympic Games reduced urban heat intensity and extent in Beijing
Authors: Yang Bo , Liu Hongxing , Kang Emily L. , Hawthorne Timothy L. , Tong Susanna T. Y. , Shu Song , Xu Min
Published: May 2022

Satellite thermal remote sensing has been utilized to examine the urban heat dynamics in relation to the urban traffic restriction policy. During the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, the traffic volume was approximately cut off by half through the road space rationing. Based on daily MODIS satellite thermal observations on the surface temperature, statistical models were developed to analyze the contribution of traffic volume reduction to the urban heat intensity and spatial extent. Our analyses show that cutting off half of the traffic volume has led to a marked decrease in the mean surface temperature by 1.5–2.4 °C and shrinkage of the heat extent by 820 km2in Beijing. This research suggests that the impact of urban traffic on heat intensity is considerably larger than previously thought, and the management of urban traffic and vehicle fossil fuel use should be included in the future urban heat mitigation plan.
Sustained delivery of focal ischemia coupled to real-time neurochemical sensing in brain slices
Authors: Cryan Michael T. , Li Yuxin , Ross Ashley E.
Published: May 2022

A device capable of sustained local stimulation in tissue coupled to real-time electrochemical sensing was developed to study the impact of focal ischemia on local neurotransmission in the brain.
Electrically-driven handling of gametes and embryos: taking a step towards the future of ARTs
Authors: Karcz Adriana , Van Soom Ann , Smits Katrien , Verplancke Rik , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Vanfleteren Jan
Published: May 2022

Electric fields in in vitro processing of gametes and embryos: dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD).
Enhanced extraordinary terahertz transmission through coupling between silicon resonators
Authors: Song Jinmei , Shi Yanpeng , Li Meiping , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Xiaodong , Yang Fuhua , Feng Huayu
Published: May 2022

By using Mie resonance coupling effects, low-loss silicon particles as receiving or transmitting antennas can strongly localize the electromagnetic field.
Early detection of lung cancer via biointerference-free, target microRNA-triggered core–satellite nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Cairou , Wang Jing , Lu Dechan , You Ruiyun , She Qiutian , Chen Jingbo , Feng Shangyuan , Lu Yudong
Published: May 2022

MicroRNAs are detected directly from liquid biopsy samples via SERS readouts, based on biointerference-free, target-triggered core–satellite nanocomposites.
An aromatic dimetallapolycyclic complex with two rhenapyrylium rings
Authors: Bai Wei , Sun Yue , Wang Yilun , Zhou Yan , Zhao Yue , Bao Xiao , Li Yang
Published: May 2022

Extension of the polycyclic benzo-rhenapyrylium structure by a fused metallaaromatic ring and a benzene unit are achieved.
Study for the enhanced energy storage properties of α-MoO3 microstructures in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Dong Xuelu , Li Haibo , Xu Shuling , Li Rui , Zeng Suyuan , Fu Chonggang , Wang Lei
Published: May 2022

Sheet-like α-MoO3 and strip-like α-MoO3 microstructures were prepared by a facile solvothermal method combining with calcination and present the reversible capacity of 1064.7 and 1143.4 mA h g−1 at the current density of 500 mA g−1 after 400 cycles.
Tuning chain topologies and magnetic anisotropy in one-dimensional cobalt(ii) coordination polymers via distinct dicarboxylates
Authors: Tian Zhengfang , Moorthy Shruti , Xiang Huan , Peng Peng , You Maolin , Zhang Qian , Yang Shun-Yi , Zhang Yang-Lu , Wu Dong-Qing , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Shao Dong
Published: May 2022

Two 1D Co(ii) coordination polymers constructed by mixed terpyridine–dicarboxylate bridges were structurally and magnetically characterized to show slow magnetic relaxation, distinct chain topologies, and magnetic anisotropy tuned by dicarboxylates.
The superior effect of edge functionalization relative to basal plane functionalization of graphene in enhancing the thermal conductivity of polymer–graphene nanocomposites – a combined molecular dynamics and Green's functions study
Authors: Muthaiah Rajmohan , Tarannum Fatema , Danayat Swapneel , Annam Roshan Sameer , Nayal Avinash Singh , Yedukondalu N. , Garg Jivtesh
Published: May 2022

Edge functionalization has better thermal transport than basal plane functionalization in polymer/graphene nanoplatelet nanocomposites. Inner layers of EFGNP actively participate in heat conduction in overall thermal transport with minimal damage to the graphene structure.
Light modulation based on the enhanced Kerr effect in molybdenum disulfide nanostructures with curved features
Authors: Li Tianlun , Li Xiaodie , Gao Duorui , Mao Jianyong , Hou Yaping , Chen Hui , Li Feng , Zhang Yanpeng , Fang Jixiang , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2022

A novel type of MoS2 NPs possessed curved surface features has been synthesized, which contributed to the enhancement of nonlinear optical propertis and was suitable for all-optical control.
Statistical vibrational autodetachment and radiative cooling rates of para-benzoquinone
Authors: Stockett Mark H , Bull James N , Schmidt Henning T , Zettergren Henning
Published: May 2022

We report measurements of the statistical vibrational autodetachment and radiative cooling rates of isolated para-benzoquinone radical anions using the cryogenic electrostatic ion storage ring facility DESIREE.
QM/MM investigation of the catalytic mechanism of processive endoglucanase Cel9G fromClostridium cellulovorans
Authors: Li Penghui , Shi Mingsong , Wang Xin , Xu Dingguo
Published: May 2022

QM/MM simulations revealed that the hydrolysis of cellohexaose catalyzed by Cel9G features the inverting mechanism and a conformation itinerary of1S5/4H5→4E/4H5→4C1.
Adsorption properties of pyramidal superatomic molecules based on the structural framework of the Au20 cluster
Authors: Liu Qiman , Zhang Manli , Zhang Dawen , Hu Yunhu , Zhu Qiyong , Cheng Longjiu
Published: May 2022

Schematic comparisons of calculated adsorption energies (Eae) for CO molecules on the M atoms of pyramidal superatomic molecules (M = Li, Be, Ni, Cu, and Zn groups).
Microfluidic artificial photosynthetic system for continuous NADH regeneration and l-glutamate synthesis
Authors: Lin Huichao , Liu Yang , Yang Chonghui , Zhao Gaozhen , Song Jiaao , Zhang Taiyi , Huang Xiaowen
Published: May 2022

Artificial photosynthesis coenzyme regeneration and photoenzymatic synthesis of l-glutamate by glutamate dehydrogenase.
Ameliorating the efficacy of galacto-oligosaccharides on ovalumin-induced allergic dermatitis symptoms in Balb/c mice by regulating Th2 immune response and the ecosystem of gut microbiota
Authors: Han Kisoo , Ahn Yejin , Hong Ki-Bae , Suh Hyung Joo , Yu Kwang-Won , Kim Hoon
Published: May 2022

In this study, we evaluated the effect of oral administration of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs), famous biological molecules that are comprised of galactose and lactose, on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic dermatitis.
A plantar wearable pressure sensor based on hybrid lead zirconate-titanate/microfibrillated cellulose piezoelectric composite films for human health monitoring
Authors: Guan Yanfang , Bai Mingyang , Li Qiuliang , Li Wujie , Liu Guangyu , Liu Chunbo , Chen Yu , Lin Yang , Hui Yanbo , Wei Ronghan
Published: May 2022

A plantar pressure testing platform measured stress ranging from 35–47.5 kPa at each acupoint, determining the force at each point, and identifying abnormalities. It highlights the advantages of miniaturization, low cost and real-time detection.
Fused filament fabrication of PVDF films for piezoelectric sensing and energy harvesting applications
Authors: Tao Rui , Shi Jiahao , Rafiee Mohammad , Akbarzadeh Abdolhamid , Therriault Daniel
Published: May 2022

2 V has been generated from four FFF printed “piezo leaves” through 3 min of fan blowing.
Recent progress in 0D optical nanoprobes for applications in the sensing of (bio)analytes with the prospect of global health monitoring and detailed mechanistic insights
Authors: Das Riyanka , Pal Rajeshwari , Bej Sourav , Mondal Moumita , Kundu Krishnendu , Banerjee Priyabrata
Published: May 2022

In the present review, the current trends of the research endeavours (2017–2022) based on emerging optical biosensing applications by various 0D nanomaterials have been comprehensively described towards the detection of targeted bio-analytes.
Diastereoselective formation of β-lactams via a three-component reaction
Authors: Shao Ying , Tian Shijie , Zhu Jie , Tang Shengbiao , Sun Jiangtao
Published: May 2022

A highly diastereoselective three-component reaction of N-hydroxyanilines, diazo compounds and cyclobutenones to form densely functionalized β-lactams has been realized.
Alloying two-dimensional NbSi2N4: a new strategy to realize half-metallic antiferromagnets
Authors: Wang Yanxia , Liu Qinxi , Jiang Xue , Wang Yi , Zhao Jijun
Published: May 2022

By continuously alloying Nb with Mn, it transferred from an FM metal to an FIM metal to an AFM half-metal to an AFM semiconductor. These theoretical results provide keystone knowledge of regulating the electronic and magnetic properties by the alloying effect.
Ultra-stable two-dimensional metal–organic frameworks for photocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Yang , Niu Ben , Liu Bo , Li Jianfeng , Duan Wubiao
Published: May 2022

A kind of ultra-stable two dimensional metal–organic frameworks used for high-efficient photocatalytic H2 production is introduced.
Directed, nickel-catalyzed 1,2-alkylsulfenylation of alkenyl carbonyl compounds
Authors: Li Zi-Qi , He Wen-Ji , Ni Hui-Qi , Engle Keary M.
Published: May 2022

Electrophilic sulfenylating agents enable the three-component nickel-catalyzed 1,2-alkylsulfenylation of alkenyl carbonyl compounds with high regio- and diastereoselectivity.
A microfluidic platform for characterizing the structure and rheology of biofilm streamers
Authors: Savorana Giovanni , Słomka Jonasz , Stocker Roman , Rusconi Roberto , Secchi Eleonora
Published: May 2022

We present a microfluidic platform with isolated micropillars as nucleation sites for the reproducible formation of biofilm streamers, whose biochemical composition, morphology, and rheology can be systematically characterized in situ.
Feedback-controlled topological reconfiguration of molecular assemblies for programming supramolecular structures
Authors: Li Panpan , Song Aixin , Hao Jingcheng , Wang Xu
Published: May 2022

The G-quartet-based active supramolecular hydrogels were investigated, which enabled a new insight into the nonequilibrium assembly mechanism. The active hydrogels hold promise in applications such as fluid confinements and transient electronics.
Aerodynamic characteristics research of a distributed propulsion blended-wing-body aircraft
Authors: WANG Kelei , ZHOU Zhou , ZHANG Yang
Published: May 2022

According to the development and research background of the next generation civil aircraft, the aerodynamic characteristics and stall mechanism of a specified distributed propulsion (DP) blended-wing-body (BWB) aircraft are analyzed and studied by combining the numerical simulation and the wind tunnel tests. Firstly, the DP BWB configuration and the numerical simulation methods are introduced. Secondly, the aerodynamic performance of the DP BWB aircraft between with and without the DP induced effects into consideration are compared and analyzed by using the numerical simulation. Finally, the stall mechanism is sorted out based on the wind tunnel flow-field visualization, and at the same time, the numerical simulation method is also validated. The results show that the span-wise flow along the leading edge (LE) of the plane platform for DP installation is the main factor to induce stall at high angle of attack (AOA), while the middle fuselage can still provide enough lift to maintain flight at high angle of attack, and the DP system has an obvious combination effect on the flow on the wing, which maybe is an effective way to control and improve the BWB stall characteristics at high AOA.
Structural response analysis of a solid rocket motor with HTPB propellant grain under vertical storage condition
Authors: CHEN Ke , REN Quanbin , CHENG Jiming , WANG Jianru , LEI Jiahao
Published: May 2022

Aiming at the structural response characteristics of solid rocket motor (SRM) under vertical storage conditions, the creep tests of HTPB propellant under different stress levels were carried out, and the creep constitutive model of the propellant was fitted. Then the creep model of the HTPB propellant was used to analyze the structural response of a solid rocket motor with HTPB propellant grain. At the same time, a two-week vertical storage experiment was conducted for the SRM with HTPB propellant grain, and the creep displacement of the front and rear end of the propellant grain was measured and compared with the simulation results. The results show that the creep model of the HTPB propellant can well simulate the structural response of the propellant grain under vertical storage condition. During the storage process, the position near the root of the front artificial relief flaps is the high stress area of propellant grain. After 1 year of vertical storage, the axial sinking displacement at the rear end face of propellant grain is about 1.38 mm.
Usability evaluation algorithm of sea area landmark
Authors: TIAN Zhaoxu , CHENG Yongmei , ZHANG Xiaodong , YANG Su , YAO Shun
Published: May 2022

The landmarks encountered by a flight vehicle in its scene matching navigation are insufficient and distributed unevenly, thus being unable to effectively assist in its inertial navigation system (INS). Therefore, this paper proposes a novel algorithm for sea area landmark usability evaluation based on the probability model. The algorithm defines three types of sea area landmarks and gives their matching method and strategy. The visible range of each sea area landmark is determined according to its relative relations between each position and all landmarks in flight area, flight altitude, flight speed, camera field of view angle and INS drift error. The matching probability of different types of landmarks at different flight altitudes is calculated. Then the observable probability of each landmark is reckoned to give the probability cloud of the sea area landmark usability. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The sea area landmark usability evaluation results can provide bases for INS to effectively utilize landmarks to perform route planning and realize long-time flight and high-precision navigation.
Analysis and evaluation of human lower limb energy collection and walking assisted exoskeleton
Authors: ZHOU Xin , LIU Geng , TANG Yunqi , HAN Bing , LIU Xiaoli
Published: May 2022

With the aging of the population, the decline of human body function leads to the decline of limb flexibility, and the severe cases lose the ability to walk. Research shows that the lower limb exoskeleton can assist human walking. In this paper, a lower limb exoskeleton is designed, which can collect the energy of the healthy side of the lower limb and release it when the affected side of the lower limb walks. The unilateral lower limb is used to compensate the movement of the affected limb, assist walking, and realize the collection, management and migration of human motion energy. The results showed that the root mean square value of rectus femoris decreased by 10%, and the EMG integral value of lateral gastrocnemius muscle decreased by 12%. The effect of exoskeleton on lower limb muscles is obvious. The walking assisted exoskeleton can provide auxiliary tension for lower limb movement and reduce muscle activity.
Effects of air properties on flow filed characteristics of inflatable reentry decelerator
Authors: HE Qingsong , WANG Guangxing , WANG Qi , ZHANG Zhang , WANG Liwu , JIA He
Published: May 2022

Air properties are very important for predicting the flow filed characteristics of aircraft. At present, Sutherland formula is always used to predict the flow filed characteristics of inflatable reentry decelerator. However, high temperature can be observed in high speed reentry flow around inflatable reentry decelerator, thus the Sutherland formula is not suitable for reentry flow simulation of inflatable reentry decelerator. In order to investigate the effect of the air properties on the flow filed characteristics of inflatable reentry decelerator, and provides the theoretical references for the inflatable reentry decelerator design, the Gupta fitting formula and Sutherland formula are used to describe the air properties, respectively, for studying the flow filed characteristics of inflatable reentry decelerator. The results show that the reentry flow temperature with Gupta fitting formula used is lower than that with Sutherland formula used, and the temperature difference is more obvious in the high inflow Mach number and temperature cases. The results in the windward of inflatable reentry decelerator show that the Sutherland formula underestimates the heat flux and pressure, and the heat flux difference is much more obvious. Such as case 5, the peak heat flux obtained by Gupta fitting formula is by 29% higher than that obtained by Sutherland formula.
The control system design and study for continuous supersonic wind tunnel
Authors: CHEN Dan , WANG Zhong , LU Xiang , LIN Chenlong , PEI Haitao
Published: May 2022

As the first continuous supersonic wind tunnel in China, Mach number and total pressure are the most important flow field parameters of the wind tunnel, how to precise control and rapid and stable adjustment of total pressure and Mach number is the key in the design and construction of the wind tunnel control system. By analyzing the principle of parameter control of the wind tunnel flow field and the coupling relationship of each adjustment methods, the construction of continuous supersonic wind tunnel control system is constructed, and the solution measure of each key technical problem is given. The total pressure is precisely controlled by the segmented variable parameter fuzzy PI control algorithm, and then the wind tunnel operation control process design is carried out. Finally the wind tunnel blowing test is verified. The result shows that the accuracy of total pressure accuracy is better than 0.05%, the Mach number accuracy is better than 0.167 3, all the flow field parameter is greatly better than the design index, which proves that the design idea proposed in this paper is effective and can provide reference for the design and debugging of continuous supersonic wind tunnels.
Design of dual-wavelength polarization control metasurface lens
Authors: LUO Wenfeng , LI Xinhui , LYU Shuyuan , JIA Jie
Published: May 2022

With the rapid development of modern optics, optical elements have become an indispensable part of an optical system. A metasurface is a nanostructure composed of arrays of sub-wavelength scatterers and is widely used due to its simple structure, thin thickness, easy integration, and high utilization rate. This paper designs a polarization-multiplexed transmissive metasurface lens in the visible light band 690 nm and near-infrared light band 880 nm. The metasurface lens combines the x-polarized lens design with the y-polarized lens design to realize three metasurface lenses with dual wavelength and different polarization states under the same metasurface. The metasurface lenses are: a coaxial confocal metasurface lens with the focus length of f1=f2=7 215 nm, an off-axis metasurface lens with the focus length of f1=f2=7 221 nm and with a displacement of xd=±4 000 nm, and a coaxial metasurface lens with the focus length of f1=7 000 nm and f2=10 000 nm, respectively. They have not only a high numerical aperture of 0.8 but also a good focusing capability with a full width at half maximum close to diffraction limit, and their space utilization is also improved. This compact and highly numerical aperture and high spatial utilization of dual-wavelength polarization multiplexing metasurface design provides an effective solution for the development of focusing lens and has unique potentials and advantages in fluorescent microlens, optical imaging, etc.
Verbesserung der körperlichen und kognitiven Leistung einer
79-jährigen Patientin mit Typ-2 Diabetes mellitus durch
Exergaming
Authors: Masoud Magd , Amerkamp Jessica , Schwarzer Janina , Hülsdünker Thorben , Predel Hans-Georg , Brinkmann Christian
Published: May 2022

Dieser Case Report beschreibt die erfolgreiche Therapie einer 79-jährigen
Patientin mit Typ-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mittels der innovativen
Trainingsform Exergaming (Sport mit interaktiver Nutzung einer Spielkonsole).
Die Patientin stellte sich mit einer 11-jährigen Historie der Erkrankung
vor. Sie wies zudem eine medikamentös eingestellte arterielle Hypertonie
und Hypothyreose auf. Durch ein 3-monatiges Training, bei dem motorische und
kognitive Aufgaben bei verschiedenen Bewegungsspielen ausgeführt wurden,
konnte die Patientin ihr Körpergewicht reduzieren (pre: 85,6 kg,
post: 81,0 kg) und ihren Langzeitblutzuckerwert, glykiertes
Hämoglobin (HbA1c), deutlich verbessern (pre: 8,9%, post:
8,0%). Die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO2peak) konnte um fast das
Doppelte gesteigert werden (pre: 10,9 ml/min/kg, post:
19,2 ml/min/kg). In zahlreichen Variablen von diversen
Kognitionstests (Mini-Mental-Status-Test, Trail-Making-Test, Determinationstest,
Response-Inhibition-Test) zeigten sich ebenfalls deutliche Verbesserungen.
Dieser Fall zeigt die Machbarkeit und Effektivität von Exergaming zur
Bekämpfung von T2DM und kognitiven Funktionsverlusten im höheren
Alter.
Erweiterte Leberresektion mit komplexer Gefäßrekonstruktion bei fortgeschrittener alveolärer Echinokokkose der Leber
Authors: Tripke Verena , Huber Tobias , Baumgart Janine , Heinrich Stefan , Lang Hauke
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund Die Infektion mit Echinococcus multilocularis ist in Deutschland selten. Der Goldstandard in der Therapie des E. multilocularis ist die komplette chirurgische
Resektion mit Sicherheitsabstand, die mitunter jedoch sehr anspruchsvoll sein kann.

Fallbeschreibung Wir präsentieren den Fall eines ausgedehnten Leberbefalls mit Infiltration der linken und mittleren Lebervene sowie partieller Infiltration der rechten
Lebervene und der V. cava inferior. Zur Operationsplanung wurde eine CT-basierte dreidimensionale Rekonstruktion der Leber durchgeführt. Es wurde eine erweiterte Hemihepatektomie
links (Segmente 1–5 und partiell 8) mit tangentialer Resektion der V. cava und segmentaler Resektion der rechten Lebervene durchgeführt. Die rechte Lebervene konnte End-zu-End, die
V. cava mittels bovinem Perikard-Patch rekonstruiert werden. Dadurch konnte eine R0-Resektion erreicht werden.

Schlussfolgerung Zur Erreichung einer R0-Resektion bei einer hepatischen Infektion mit E. multilocularis können ausgedehnte Gefäßresektionen und -rekonstruktionen
erforderlich sein. Die Operationsplanung anhand der dreidimensionalen Rekonstruktion ermöglichte im vorliegenden Fall die detaillierte Evaluation einer kurativen Resektion.
Screening auf Mangelernährung bei Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten vor onkologischer Therapie
Authors: Lehner Uta , Zaretsky Eugen , Goeze Almut , Wermter Laura , Birk Richard , Neff Andreas , Fisher Ingo , Ghanaati Shahram , Daffner Anna , Sader Robert , Hey Christiane
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund Patienten mit einem Kopf-Hals-Tumor besitzen ein hohes Risiko, peri- bzw. posttherapeutisch eine Mangelernährung zu entwickeln, die den onkologischen Therapieerfolg entscheidend beeinflussen kann. Prätherapeutisch ist hierüber wenig bekannt. Daher ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie die prätherapeutische systematische Erfassung des Ernährungszustandes und des Risikos für das Auftreten einer Mangelernährung.

Material und Methoden Bei 102 Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten erfolgte die prätherapeutische Untersuchung des Ernährungszustandes via Body-Mass-Index (BMI) sowie des Risikos für Mangelernährung via „Nutritional Risk Screening“ (NRS). An möglichen Einflussfaktoren wurden Tumorstadium, -lokalisation, Patientenalter, -geschlecht und das Bestehen einer oropharyngealen Dysphagie, identifiziert über Flexible Endoskopische Evaluation des Schluckvorgangs (FEES), analysiert.

Ergebnisse Eine Mangel- bzw. Unterernährung, bemessen am BMI, bestand prätherapeutisch bei bereits 6% der Patienten, ein Risiko für Mangelernährung laut NRS bei 27%, eine oropharyngeale Dysphagie bei 15%. Nur das Vorliegen einer oropharyngealen Dysphagie erwies sich in der linearen Regression als signifikanter Einflussfaktor auf das Risiko einer Mangelernährung (β = 0,380/3,776; p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerungen Bereits prätherapeutisch besteht ein Risiko einer Mangelernährung bei einem Viertel der Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten. Um dieses frühzeitig zu erkennen und um bereits zu Beginn der onkologischen Therapie Maßnahmen zu ihrer Vermeidung einzuleiten, empfiehlt sich daher bereits prätherapeutisch die Untersuchung des Schluckvermögens sowie das systematische Screening auf Mangelernährung via NRS.
α-C–H Photoalkylation of a Glucose Derivative in Continuous Flow
Authors: Minnaard Adriaan J. , Mouthaan Marc L. M. C. , Pouwer Kees , Borst Mark L. G. , Witte Martin D.
Published: May 2022

Site-selective photoalkylation is a powerful strategy to extend the carbon framework of carbohydrates, otherwise often attainable only through laborious syntheses. This work describes the adaptation and upscaling of the photoalkylation of a glucose derivative as a continuous flow process. The reported iridium catalyst is replaced by an organic sensitizer and the reaction has been carried out on 40-gram scale.
The Synthesis and Application of 2-Cyano and -Ester Containing Anilines: Selective Copper-Catalyzed Reductive Amination, N-Benz­ylation, and Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Xie Feng , Li Bin , Huang Ziwei , Lin Zirui , Mai Jiexiong , Lv Shaohuan , Yuan Youxue , Zhang Wenbing , Qian Fan
Published: May 2022

A convenient and practical pathway to 2-cyano and 2-ester anilines is described via efficient and selective copper(II)-catalyzed reductive amination via hydrosilylation process. Both 2-cyano and 2-ester anilines were successfully synthesized with good functional group tolerance and high selectivity. The application of the 2-cyano and -iodine containing anilines was developed in the synthesis of indoloindole derivatives via CuSO4-catalyzed N-benzylation and cyclization reaction in ‘one pot’. More interestingly, the photophysical property investigations of these 2-cyano and 2-ester containing anilines exhibit excellent fluorescent properties, which have great potential application in the development of interesting near-ultraviolet optical devices in the near future.
Clinical and Genetic Aspects of Childhood-Onset Demyelinating Charcot–Marie–Tooth's Disease in Brazil
Authors: Machado Roberta Ismael Lacerda , Souza Paulo Victor Sgobbi de , Farias Igor Braga , Badia Bruno de Mattos Lombardi , Filho José Marcos Vieira de Albuquerque , Lima Ricello José Vieira , Pinto Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle
Published: May 2022

Charcot–Marie–Tooth's disease (CMT) represents the most common inherited neuropathy. Most patients are diagnosed during late stages of disease course during adulthood. We performed a review of clinical, neurophysiological, and genetic diagnoses of 32 patients with genetically defined childhood-onset demyelinating CMT under clinical follow-up in a Brazilian Center for Neuromuscular Diseases from January 2015 to December 2019. The current mean age was 33.1 ± 18.3 years (ranging from 7 to 71 years) and mean age at defined genetic diagnosis was 36.1 ± 18.3 years. The mean age at onset was 6.1 ± 4.4 years. The most common initial complaint was bilateral pes cavus. The genetic basis included PMP22 duplication (CMT1A) (n = 18), GJB1 (CMTX1) (n = 5), MPZ (CMT1B) (n = 3), FIG4 (CMT4J) (n = 3), SH3TC2 (CMT4C) (n = 1), PLEKHG5 (CMTRIC) (n = 1), and PRX (CMT4F) (n = 1). Almost all patients (n = 31) presented with moderate or severe compromise in the CMT neuropathy score 2 with the highest values observed in CMT1B. Medical history disclosed obstructive sleep apnea (n = 5), aseptic meningitis (n = 1/MPZ), akinetic-rigid parkinsonism (n = 1/FIG4), and overlapping chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (n = 1/MPZ). Motor conduction block was detected in three individuals (PMP22, FIG4, MPZ). Acute denervation occurred in seven patients. Nonuniform demyelinating patterns were seen in four individuals (two CMT1A, one CMT1B, and one CMTX1). Abnormal cerebral white matter findings were detected in CMT1A and CMTX1, while hypertrophic roots were seen in CMT1A, CMT1B, and CMTX1. Our study emphasizes a relative oligogenic basis in childhood-onset demyelinating CMT and atypical findings may be observed especially in MPZ, PMP22, and GJB1 gene variants.
Prediction and Statistical Evaluation of Speech Recognition Test Scores
Authors: Studebaker Gerald A. , Gray Ginger A. , Branch William E.
Published: May 2022

A speech test evaluation and presentation system is described. The test presentation subsystem has the flexibility and speed of live-voice testing while using recorded test materials. The speech test evaluation subsystem compares an individual subject's test performance on a monosyllabic word test with that of an average person with the same hearing loss. The elements needed to make such evaluations are discussed. Also, a trial of the procedure is described. The primary purpose of the trial was to obtain data that would provide a basis for statistical probability statements about individual monosyllabic word test results obtained in clinical settings. Data were collected from three audiology clinics in three different types of settings. Except for a few cases with highly asymmetric speech scores, all nonconductive hearing losses were included. Subject ages ranged from 8 to 92 years. Importance-weighted average pure-tone hearing losses ranged from 0.4 to 97.6 dB HL. Fifty-word recognition scores and audiograms for 2609 ears were included in the main analysis. Twenty-five-word recognition scores and audiograms for another 932 ears from one clinic were used in a subsidiary analysis. Results indicated that distributions of absolute speech recognition scores in hearing-impaired samples are highly skewed. However, after transformation of the scores into rationalized arcsine units (rau), the differences between individual subject scores and scores predicted from the audiogram were reasonably well described by the normal distribution. The standard deviation of this distribution of differences, for the data combined across the three audiology clinics, was approximately 13 rau.

Abbreviations: AI = articulation index, CD = compact disc, FIF = frequency importance function, HLD = hearing loss desensitization, IIF = intensity importance function, IWHL = importance-weighted hearing loss, MSHC = Memphis Speech and Hearing Center, MVAH = Memphis Veterans Administration Hospital, NU-6 = Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6, PL = presentation level, rau = rationalized arcsine units, SII = speech intelligibility index, SL = sensation level, SLD = speech level desensitization, STEPS = Speech Test Evaluation and Presentation System, SRT = speech recognition threshold, STI = speech transmission index, TF = transfer function, UMMS = University of Maryland Medical System, WAI = weighted audibility index
Enhanced hot electron generation via laser interference
Authors: Zhou Ge , Wang Wei-Min , Li Yutong , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2022

The interaction of two interfered picosecond laser pulses with overdense plasma and the resulting hot electron generation are studied by particle-in-cell simulation. We find that the yield and temperature of forward hot electrons can be significantly increased when laser interference fringes have a period around 3–9 μm and the angle between the two pulses is about 6°–16°. The enhancements result from local intensity increase at laser interference fringes and the plasma surface structure formed by laser pulses. The optimal angle and fringe period are analyzed, and the dependence between the optimal period and plasma density scale length is discussed. This work could be applied in hot electron generation and the resulting ion acceleration, fast ignition of laser fusion, etc.
Analysis of the high-efficiency and low-damage abrasive processing mechanism for SiC based on the SPH simulation of single-grain indentation and scratching
Authors: Shi Dong , Hou Qingming , Ma Tengfei , Zhao Tianchen , Pan Jinping
Published: May 2022

During the wafer fabrication procedure, abrasive machining occupies a large proportion in time and economic cost, mainly including grinding, lapping, and polishing. The third-generation semiconductor materials, represented by SiC, have the properties of high hardness, large brittleness, and strong chemical inertness, which make abrasive machining more challenging. To improve the machining efficiency and quality, this paper applied the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to simulate the machining behavior of single abrasive grain for SiC wafer. The micro-mechanical mechanisms of the main influencing parameters, such as velocity, depth, and angle, were studied in abrasive machining for SiC wafer. First, it is proved that using SPH coupled with a finite element to study the mechanical effects of abrasive machining for SiC wafer is a feasible and useful method. Then, the explanations for the beneficial effects of ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining, high-speed machining, and other abrasive machining are provided through the analysis of the simulated results. In addition, the optimization basis for parameters such as scratching velocity, scratching depth, and ultrasonic vibration frequency is obtained. This research provides a good insight into implying the micro-mechanical mechanisms of abrasive machining and achieving the optimization for the abrasive machining of hard-brittle wafer materials, which help avoid the shortcomings of experimental research and produce economic benefits.
Emission phases of implosion sources for x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy
Authors: Chin D. A. , Ruby J. J. , Nilson P. M. , Bishel D. T. , Coppari F. , Ping Y. , Coleman A. L. , Craxton R. S. , Rygg J. R. , Collins G. W.
Published: May 2022

At the Laboratory for Laser Energetics' Omega Laser Facility, thin plastic shells were directly driven with ∼20 kJ resulting in a time-integrated x-ray yield of ∼1012 ph/eV/sr at 7 keV. Using temporally, spatially, and spectrally discriminating diagnostics, three x-ray emission phases were identified: corona emission produced by the laser ablation of the shell, core stagnation, and afterglow emission due to the expanding hot material after stagnation. The newly measured corona and afterglow emission phases account for ∼25% of the total x-ray signal and produce x-ray emission at a different time or larger radius than previously considered. The resulting implications of this additional emission for x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy are discussed. Finally, improvements to the laser drive intensity and uniformity produced a factor-of-2 increase in total x-ray emission while decreasing the size of the stagnated core.
Spectral and polarization based imaging in deep-ultraviolet excited photoelectron microscopy
Authors: Beechem Thomas E. , Smith Sean W. , Copeland R. Guild , Liu Fangze , Ohta Taisuke
Published: May 2022

Using photoelectron emission microscopy, nanoscale spectral imaging of atomically thin MoS2 buried between Al2O3 and SiO2 is achieved by monitoring the wavelength and polarization dependence of the photoelectron signal excited by deep-ultraviolet light. Although photons induce the photoemission, images can exhibit resolutions below the photon wavelength as electrons sense the response. To validate this concept, the dependence of photoemission yield on the wavelength and polarization of the exciting light was first measured and then compared to simulations of the optical response quantified with classical optical theory. A close correlation between experiment and theory indicates that photoemission probes the optical interaction of UV-light with the material stack directly. The utility of this probe is then demonstrated when both the spectral and polarization dependence of photoemission observe spatial variation consistent with grains and defects in buried MoS2. Taken together, these new modalities of photoelectron microscopy allow mapping of optical property variation at length scales unobtainable with conventional light-based microscopy.
Working characteristics of a magnetostrictive vibration energy harvester for rotating car wheels
Authors: Liu Huifang , Dong Weiwei , Chang Yunlong , Gao Yifei , Li Wencheng
Published: May 2022

The practice of harvesting vibration energy from machine tools, windmill blades, etc., and converting it into electric energy to power low-power electronic circuits has attracted wide attention from experts and scholars. Abundant vibrations that exist in the moving vehicle can be harvested to power sensors in tire pressure monitoring. In this paper, for the first time, a device is proposed to harvest the rotational vibration energy with the iron–gallium alloy (magnetostrictive material) as the core material. Such a device utilizes the coupling characteristics of Villarreal effect and Faraday electromagnetic effect to convert the vibration energy generated by the moving vehicle into electric energy. Upon completion of the design of the magnetostrictive rotational vibration energy harvester, the influence law of key factors, including substrate material, substrate size, and pre-magnetization field arrangement on the harvesting capability of the device, was studied in detail through experiments. An electric motor and vibration exciter were used to apply varied excitation forms to the harvester, and the output patterns of the harvester under conditions of wheel rotation, road bumps, and random vibration were fully analyzed. In addition, the correlation between the deformation of the cantilever beam and harvester performance was also investigated. The results have shown that at the acceleration of 9.6 g and the rotational speed of 90 r/min, the harvester can reach the output voltage of 1.22 V. Consequently, it demonstrates the feasibility of employing the magnetostrictive harvester to gather rotational vibration energy and provides theoretical guidance for further and deeper research on the harvester.