bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly sensitive pressure and temperature induced SPP resonance shift at gold nanohole arrays
Authors: Ohnishi Hiroki , Sabatani Eyal , Vu Thi Dung , Yanagimoto Sotatsu , Sannomiya Takumi
Published: January 2020

Short range ordered (SRO) plasmonic nanohole arrays have a distinct surface plasmon polariton resonance in the visible region and exhibit an excellent sensing capability toward changes in the surrounding refractive index. While SRO and perfectly ordered plasmonic hole arrays have similar sensing properties, SRO arrays have clear advantages in fabrication, simplicity, and scalability. In this study, we use SRO gold nanoholes, which are subjected to pressure and temperature cycles, for vacuum and temperature sensing. The response of the transmission spectra to pressure changes in the range 10−3–105 Pa and temperature scans in the range 20–400 °C was recorded. Upon pressure cycling, a reversible response was observed. Upon initial temperature annealing, an irreversible blue shift in the resonance dip position was observed. Upon further temperature cycling, the resonance dip position shifts reversibly, with a notable red shift upon temperature increase. The results are discussed and interpreted based on possible molecular adsorption/desorption upon pressure cycling and in terms of the gold film’s recrystallization, thermal expansion, and free electron density variations.
The superior properties of CrN coatings prepared by high power pulsed reactive magnetron sputtering
Authors: Li Qian , Yang Lizhen , Wang Zhengduo , Zhang Haibao , Liu Zhongwei , Chen Qiang
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we investigate the properties of chromium nitride (CrN) coating prepared using a high power magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technique. As a comparison, CrN coating prepared using a direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) technique is also studied. The crystal structure, surface and cross-sectional morphologies, and composite properties of the as-deposited CrN coatings are compared by x-ray diffraction, a scanning electron microscope, and a microhardness tester, respectively. It is found that the as-deposited CrN film by HiPIMS grew preferentially on (200) facet when compared with that by DCMS on (111) facet. As a result, the coatings deposited by HiPIMS have a very compact microstructure with high hardness: the microhardness reached 855.9 Hv replacing 501.5 Hv by DCMS. Besides, the inner-stress of CrN films prepared by HiPIMS is also relatively small. After measuring the corrosion resistance, the corrosion current of films prepared by HiPIMS was an order of magnitude smaller than that of CrN films deposited by DCMS. Based on the plasma diagnostics by time resolved optical emission spectroscopy, it is believed that the superior quality of CrN coatings prepared by HiPIMS is because of the ionic reaction between Cr+ and N+, rather than the neutral Cr and N reaction in DCMS during the CrN film growth.
Passive control of the onset of vortex shedding in flow past a circular cylinder using slit
Authors: Mishra Alok , Hanzla Mohd. , De Ashoke
Published: January 2020

This study investigates the passive flow control phenomena over a two-dimensional circular cylinder using numerical simulations in the laminar regime. The aim is to explore one of the passive control techniques, which involves the introduction of a slit to the geometry of the cylinder. The two parameters, slit width ratio S/D (slit width/diameter) and slit angle (measured with respect to the incoming flow direction), play an essential role in determining the trend of critical Reynolds number (Rec). Most of the analysis invokes flow visualization and saturation amplitude methods to obtain the critical Reynolds number (indicative of the onset of vortex shedding) for different cases. Furthermore, Hopf bifurcation analysis using the Stuart-Landau equation and global stability analysis confirm the accuracy and consistency in the predicted solutions. The additional amount of flow through the slit increases the pressure downstream of the cylinder, which consequently leads to an increase in Rec of the modified cylinder. The critical Reynolds number increases with S/D of the modified cylinder at 0° slit angle (as an additional amount of flow grows with S/D). The critical Reynolds number shows an increasing trend with the slit angle in the range of S/D = 0.05–0.15 as the fluctuation intensity reduces with the slit angle in this range. For S/D = 0.15–0.25, the extra amount of flow through the slit induces instability in the wake, which causes a decrease in Rec with the slit angle. A correlation is obtained, which estimates the critical Reynolds number for a given S/D and slit angle.
Absolute instability of free-falling viscoelastic liquid jets with surfactants
Authors: Alhushaybari A. , Uddin J.
Published: January 2020

The effect of surfactants on the absolute instability of a viscoelastic liquid jet falling under gravity is examined for axisymmetrical disturbances. In general, the inclusion of surfactants to the interface of a viscoelastic liquid jet allows for the possibility of further processing droplet sizes and breakup lengths. We use the upper-convected Maxwell model to provide a mathematical description of the dynamics of the jet. An asymptotic approach, based on the slenderness of the jet, is used to render the problem more tractable and obtain steady-state solutions and then perform a linear analysis of the convective and absolute instability on these base solutions. By considering travelling wave modes, we derive a dispersion relationship, which is then solved numerically using the Newton-Raphson method. We show the effect of changing a number of dimensionless parameters, including the initial surfactant concentration, on convective and absolute instability. In this work, we use a mapping technique known as the cusp map method to explore absolute instability. The convective/absolute instability boundary is identified for various parameter regimes.
Improved description of hematite surfaces by the SCAN functional
Authors: Si Yitao , Li Mingtao , Zhou Zhaohui , Liu Maochang , Prezhdo Oleg
Published: January 2020

Controversies on the surface termination of α-Fe2O3 (0001) focus on its surface stoichiometry dependence on the oxygen chemical potential. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations applying the commonly accepted Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional to a strongly correlated system predict the best matching surface termination, but would produce a delocalization error, resulting in an inappropriate bandgap, and thus are not applicable for comprehensive hematite system studies. Besides, the widely applied PBE+U scheme cannot provide evidence for existence of some of the successfully synthesized stoichiometric α-Fe2O3 (0001) surfaces. Hence, a better scheme is needed for hematite DFT studies. This work investigates whether the strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) approximation reported by Perdew et al. could provide an improved result for the as-mentioned problem, and whether SCAN can be applied to hematite systems. By comparing the results calculated with the PBE, SCAN, PBE+U, and SCAN+U schemes, we find that SCAN and SCAN+U improves the description of the electronic structure of different stoichiometric α-Fe2O3 (0001) surfaces with respect to the PBE results, and that they give a consistent prediction of the surface terminations. Besides, the bulk lattice constants and the bulk density of states are also improved with the SCAN functional. This study provides a general characterization of the α-Fe2O3 (0001) surfaces and rationalizes how the SCAN approximation improves the results of hematite surface calculations.
Substrate-orientation dependence of β-Ga2O3 (100), (010), (001), and (2¯01) homoepitaxy by indium-mediated metal-exchange catalyzed molecular beam epitaxy (MEXCAT-MBE)
Authors: Mazzolini P. , Falkenstein A. , Wouters C. , Schewski R. , Markurt T. , Galazka Z. , Martin M. , Albrecht M. , Bierwagen O.
Published: January 2020

We experimentally demonstrate how In-mediated metal-exchange catalysis (MEXCAT) allows us to widen the deposition window for β-Ga2O3 homoepitaxy to conditions otherwise prohibitive for its growth via molecular beam epitaxy (e.g., substrate temperatures ≥800 °C) on the major substrate orientations, i.e., (010), (001), (2¯01), and (100) 6°-offcut. The obtained crystalline qualities, surface roughnesses, growth rates, and In-incorporation profiles are shown and compared with different experimental techniques. The growth rates, Γ, for fixed growth conditions are monotonously increasing with the surface free energy of the different orientations with the following order: Γ(010) > Γ(001) > Γ(2¯01) > Γ(100). Ga2O3 surfaces with higher surface free energy provide stronger bonds to the surface ad-atoms or ad-molecules, resulting in decreasing desorption, i.e., a higher incorporation/growth rate. The structural quality in the case of (2¯01), however, is compromised by twin domains due to the crystallography of this orientation. Notably, our study highlights β-Ga2O3 layers with high structural quality grown by MEXCAT-MBE not only in the most investigated (010) orientation but also in the (100) and (001) ones. In particular, MEXCAT on the (001) orientation results in both growth rate and structural quality comparable to the ones achievable with (010), and the limited incorporation of In associated with the MEXCAT deposition process does not change the insulating characteristics of unintentionally doped layers. The (001) surface is therefore suggested as a valuable alternative orientation for devices.
Kinetics of photo-isomerization of azobenzene containing surfactants
Authors: Arya Pooja , Jelken Joachim , Lomadze Nino , Santer Svetlana , Bekir Marek
Published: January 2020

We report on photoisomerization kinetics of azobenzene containing surfactants in aqueous solution. The surfactant molecule consists of a positively charged trimethylammonium bromide head group, a hydrophobic spacer connecting via 6 to 10 CH2 groups to the azobenzene unit, and the hydrophobic tail of 1 and 3CH2 groups. Under exposure to light, the azobenzene photoisomerizes from more stable trans- to metastable cis-state, which can be switched back either thermally in dark or by illumination with light of a longer wavelength. The surfactant isomerization is described by a kinetic model of a pseudo first order reaction approaching equilibrium, where the intensity controls the rate of isomerization until the equilibrated state. The rate constants of the trans-cis and cis-trans photoisomerization are calculated as a function of several parameters such as wavelength and intensity of light, the surfactant concentration, and the length of the hydrophobic tail. The thermal relaxation rate from cis- to trans-state is studied as well. The surfactant isomerization shows a different kinetic below and above the critical micellar concentration of the trans isomer due to steric hindrance within the densely packed micelle but does not depend on the spacer length.
Evaporation-driven liquid flow through nanochannels
Authors: Fan JingCun , Wu HengAn , Wang FengChao
Published: January 2020

Evaporation-driven liquid flow through nanochannels has attracted extensive attention over recent years due to its applications in mass and heat transfer as well as energy harvesting. A more comprehensive understanding is still expected to reveal the underlying mechanisms and quantitatively elucidate the transport characteristics of this phenomenon. In this study, we investigated evaporation-driven liquid flow through nanochannels using molecular dynamics simulations. The evaporation flux from the solid-liquid interface was higher than that from the middle region of the channel or the liquid-vapor interface. This finding may explain why experimental observations of evaporation flux through nanochannels exceed the limits predicted by the classical Hertz–Knudsen equation. Upon increasing the interaction strength between liquid atoms, the liquid exhibited enhanced solid-liquid interfacial evaporation and higher surface tension, albeit with reduced total flux. We also found that lyophilic channels exhibited higher evaporation fluxes than lyophobic channels, which can be interpreted by a Gibbs free energy analysis. The energy conversion analysis indicated that the effective pressure gradient exerted on a liquid flow by evaporation depends on the channel length. This was consistent with our simulations. Evaporation-driven liquid flow through nanochannels could be modeled quantitatively using this knowledge.
Experimental study of hypersonic boundary layer transition on a permeable wall of a flared cone
Authors: Zhu Wenkai , Shi Mingtao , Zhu Yiding , Lee Cunbiao
Published: January 2020

The effects of an alternative permeable material on the hypersonic boundary layer transition are investigated. The new permeable material is shown to be effective in delaying the transition, although the second mode grows faster on the material surface. Experiments are conducted on a flared cone using Rayleigh-scattering flow visualization, fast-response pressure sensors, and infrared thermography. On the permeable wall, the second mode appears earlier and persists over a longer distance along the flow direction. By applying bicoherence analysis, it is determined that the second mode decays more slowly on the permeable wall due to weaker nonlinear interactions.
Identifying multiple factors limiting long-term success in environmental watering
Authors: Lester Rebecca E. , McGinness Heather M. , Price Amina E. , Macqueen Ashley , Poff N. LeRoy , Gawne Ben
Published: January 2020

Environmental watering is frequently used to achieve specific ecological objectives, such as triggering spawning or seed germination. These short-term objectives are often met, but longer-term objectives, such as population growth, may not be, especially where multiple hydrological and non-hydrological factors influence success. We propose a framework to identify these factors in space and time. Our framework steps users through identifying possible inhibiting (strictures) and supporting (promoters) factors, and placing these factors in their spatial and temporal context. This allows users to identify potential limiting factors that may require additional intervention, or render the original watering action unsustainable. We illustrate the framework with examples of a floodplain tree (black box, Eucalyptus largiflorens), colonial nesting waterbird (royal spoonbill, Platalea regia) and large-bodied migratory fish (golden perch, Macquaria ambigua). The framework explores strictures and promoters for major life-history stages, emphasising the need to support and protect all stages if objectives include population maintenance or growth. In this way, the framework can document existing mental models and can be used as the basis of a risk portfolio, a prioritisation tool or future quantitative models. Thus, the framework enables individual management actions to be better grounded in a broader context, increasing the likelihood of achieving long-term ecological objectives.
Loss of TSC complex enhances gluconeogenesis via upregulation of
Dlk1-Dio3
locus miRNAs
Authors: Liko Dritan , Rzepiela Andrzej , Vukojevic Vanja , Zavolan Mihaela , Hall Michael N.
Published: January 2020

Loss of the tumor suppressor tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (
Tsc1
) in the liver promotes gluconeogenesis and glucose intolerance. We asked whether this could be attributed to aberrant expression of small RNAs. We performed small-RNA sequencing on liver of
Tsc1
-knockout mice, and found that miRNAs of the delta-like homolog 1 (
Dlk1
)–deiodinase iodothyronine type III (
Dio3
) locus are up-regulated in an mTORC1-dependent manner. Sustained mTORC1 signaling during development prevented CpG methylation and silencing of the
Dlk1-Dio3
locus, thereby increasing miRNA transcription. Deletion of miRNAs encoded by the
Dlk1-Dio3
locus reduced gluconeogenesis, glucose intolerance, and fasting blood glucose levels. Thus, miRNAs contribute to the metabolic effects observed upon loss of TSC1 and hyperactivation of mTORC1 in the liver. Furthermore, we show that miRNA is a downstream effector of hyperactive mTORC1 signaling.
Ideology meets practice in the struggle for the Transcaucasus: Stepan Shaumyan and the evolution of Bolshevik nationality policy
Authors: Blauvelt Timothy K.
Published: January 2020

The Tiflis-born Stepan Shaumyan (1878–1918) was one of the most active revolutionaries in the Transcaucasus and a prolific theorist about the “national question” who corresponded regularly with Lenin and other leading Bolsheviks. In a crucial moment in the spring of 1918, as the Russian Empire was disintegrating and the Russian Civil War was breaking out, Shaumyan, appointed by Lenin as Commissar Extraordinary for the Caucasus, attempted to create a compelling internationalist and “Soviet” appeal to challenging the emerging nationalist paradigm in the Transcaucasus. Shaumyan’s efforts to consolidate Bolshevik rule in the “Baku Commune” in 1918 contributed to a bloody ethnic massacre, and his attempts to spread Soviet Power in the region failed, resulting in his execution together with the other “26 Baku Commissars” in September of that year. Making extensive use of Shaumyan’s writings, including his early work held in manuscript form in the Georgian Party Archives in Tbilisi, this article examines Shaumyan’s conceptions of the “nationality question” and their implementation in the Transcaucasus under his leadership in 1918, and the lessons that the Bolsheviks may have drawn from failure of his program for the later formulation of Soviet nationality policy.
Giant low-field magnetocaloric effect in EuTi1 − xNbxO3 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) compounds*
Authors: Jiang Wen-Hao , Mo Zhao-Jun , Luo Jia-Wei , Zheng Zhe-Xuan , Lu Qiu-Jie , Liu Guo-Dong , Shen Jun , Li Lan
Published: January 2020

The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of EuTi1 − x
Nb
x
O3 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) compounds are investigated. Owing to electronic doping, parts of Ti ions are replaced by Nb ions, the lattice constant increases and a small number of Ti4+ (3d0) ions change into Ti3+ (3d1). It is the ferromagnetism state that is dominant in the derivative balance. The values of the maximum magnetic entropy change (

−
Δ

S
M

max

) are 10.3 J/kg · K, 9.6 J/kg · K, 13.1 J/kg · K, and 11.9 J/kg · K for EuTi1 − x
Nb
x
O3 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) compounds and the values of refrigeration capacity are 36, 33, 86, and 80 J/kg as magnetic field changes in a range of 0 T–1 T. The EuTi1 − x
Nb
x
O3 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) compounds with giant reversible MCE are considered as a good candidate for magnetic refrigerant working at low-temperature and low-field.
Construction of Laguerre polynomial’s photon-added squeezing vacuum state and its quantum properties*
Authors: Lu Dao-Ming
Published: January 2020

Laguerre polynomial’s photon-added squeezing vacuum state is constructed by operation of Laguerre polynomial’s photon-added operator on squeezing vacuum state. By making use of the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, we derive the normalization coefficient and the calculation expression of 〈ala
†〉. Its statistical properties, such as squeezing, the anti-bunching effect, the sub-Poissonian distribution property, the negativity of Wigner function, etc., are investigated. The influences of the squeezing parameter on quantum properties are discussed. Numerical results show that, firstly, the squeezing effect of the 1-order Laguerre polynomial’s photon-added operator exciting squeezing vacuum state is strengthened, but its anti-bunching effect and sub-Poissonian statistical property are weakened with increasing squeezing parameter; secondly, its squeezing effect is similar to that of squeezing vacuum state, but its anti-bunching effect and sub-Poissonian distribution property are stronger than that of squeezing vacuum state. These results show that the operation of Laguerre polynomial’s photon-added operator on squeezing vacuum state can enhance its non-classical properties.
Physical treatments to induce the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of green algae Halimeda sp. from Seribu Islands, North Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Basir A , Desniar  , Ristyanti W K , Tarman K
Published: January 2020

Seaweeds have ecological functions as primary producers in marine waters. Most of them have an important economic value as a producer of hydrocolloids (alginate, agar and carrageenan) that are used in various industries of food and pharmaceuticals. Secondary metabolites produced in seaweed are usually for self-defense from algae predators such as fish, echinodermata, crustaceans or mollusca. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of green algae Halimeda gracilis and Halimeda macroloba, and to determine the effect of physical treatment to antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The yield of crude extract of H. gracilis obtained was about 18.55-23.94% while the extract of H. macroloba was just about 13.49-17.88%. Antibacterial activity of crude extract of H. gracilis was higher as compared to that of H. macroloba against both tested bacteria. Induction of bacteria (Vibrio harveyi and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) on H. gracilis led to a reduction in the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Induction of bacteria in H. gracilis did not show antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Antibacterial activity of crude extracts of H. macroloba on cutting and bacterial induction treatments were higher in both test bacteria S. aureus and E. coli.
Carrageenan supply chains in Indonesia
Authors: Mulyati H , Geldermann J , Kusumastanto T
Published: January 2020

Increasing global demand and new product development of carrageenan will increase in the future. Therefore, it will affect to carrageenan supply chains, especially in Indonesia. The purposes of this study are to analyse the members and the flow of material and energy of carrageenan supply chains. Primary and secondary data were collected through field survey, in-depth interviews, and documentary analysis. Flow of material and energy was modelled by the software Umberto NXT Universal 7.0. The primary actors of a carrageenan supply chain are seaweed farmers, local traders, large traders or exporters, and carrageenan processors. Seaweed suppliers, farmers, local traders, and large traders/exporters exist in Sulawesi Island. Most of the carrageenan companies are national base existing in Java Island. About 75% of semi-raw dried seaweed containing carrageenan is exported. The material and energy for producing refined carrageenan are larger than semi refined carrageenan.
Spirulina biscuit formulation with coconut cream substitution and its shelf life estimation
Authors: Setyaningsih I , Mahmudah P , Trilaksani W , Tarman K , Santoso J
Published: January 2020

The Spirulina is a cyanobacterium group of microscopic blue-green algae, which contains protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and rich in minerals, vitamins, fibers, as well pigments. Spirulina has been applied for foods, such as biscuits. Biscuit can be modified with the addition of Spirulina and coconut cream to produce rich protein biscuit. The aims of this research were to obtain Spirulina biscuit formula, to compare the chemical composition of Spirulina biscuit with the commercial biscuit, and to estimate the shelf life of the Spirulina biscuit. The formula of Spirulina biscuit consisted of Spirulina powder, mocaf flour, coconut cream, margarine and sugar. The percentage of coconut cream in the biscuit was 7.19, 13.42 and 18.87% per dough. The selected biscuit formula was determined based on a sensory test, as well then determined the chemical composition and shelf life stored at room temperature. Based on the sensory test, the Spirulina biscuit with 7.19% (P1) of coconut cream contains protein (12.09%) higher than a commercial biscuit, while it has lipid (6.01%) lower than that of the commercial biscuit. Estimation of Spirulina biscuit shelf life stored at room temperature was 2.4 months.
Effect of stunning and freezing on carp (Cyprinus carpio L) survival rate
Authors: Suwandi R , Nugraha S , Fathihatunnisa R , Jacoeb A M , Suptijah P
Published: January 2020

Carp is freshwater fish which popular in Indonesia. The transportation handling system is needed to keep its survival rate (SR) of fish still high until the destination place. This research aims to determine 1) effect of freezing on the consciousness time (CT) and its SR which treated of stunning using clove oil (Eugenia aromatica); 2) influence of 125 ppm clove oil solution for fainting process and the freezing process to two groups of carp (biggerA, smallerB). The best concentration of clove oil was 125 ppm, where the fish fainting time was 1.43 minutes and the revitalisation 3.70 minutes. The freezer temperatures used were -11, -13, and -15 °C and the freezing time (FT) were 20, 40, and 60 minutes. The best temperature was - 13 °C. SmallerB indicated more sensitive to clove oil than the biggerA (duration to unconscious 3.58 minutes compared to 5.03 minutes). While duration to conscious was 15.15 minutes for the smallerB and 14.09 for the biggerA. After being frozen for 60, 90, and 120 minutes, the biggerA’s SR was 89% while the smallerB was 66% for 120 minutes frozen. The clove oil fainted fish has better SR compare to the direct freezing. The FT was 60, 90 and 120 minutes at -13 °C. The fastest CT is 4.83 minutes obtained at fish with fainting treatment at 60 minutes freezing. The slowest CT is 26.20 minutes obtained at fish without fainting treatment at 120 minutes freezing. This study can be concluded that the highest SR of 100% using a fainting treatment and 90 minutes of FT. Histology analysis found damage to fish tissue at freezing 120 minutes which gill filaments are bleeding.
Biological Process to Valorise Marine Algae
Authors: Tarman K , Ain N H , Sulistiawati S , Hardjito L , Sadi U
Published: January 2020

Seaweeds are main sources of marine polysaccharides. Marine polysaccharides, such as agar, alginates and carrageenans are economically the most important products from macroalgae or seaweeds. Carrageenans, marine polysaccharides extracted from red algae are widely used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile and printing industries as coagulate agent, stabilizer and gelling agent. Extraction of carrageenan is usually carried out by alkali treatment, but it may have negative impact to the environment. Carrageenan extraction can be processed biologically using microorganisms, such as marine fungi. The aim of this research was to obtain carrageenan from red alga (Kappaphycus alvarezii) using marine fungi and to evaluate the effect of pretreatment on the quality of carrageenan. The study was conducted in three steps including pretreatment of algae, hydrolysis of algae using marine endophytic fungi, and characterization of the carrageenan. Two marine fungi were used to hydrolyze the seaweeds. The best pretreatment was hydrolysis of dried seaweed using fungus RS6A and gelatinization by heating for 20 minutes (RK20). The yield of carrageenan was 71.28%. The gel strength of the carrageenan was 43.35 gf. The chemical and physical characteristics of carrageenan (RK20) met the standard of carrageenan according to FAO.
The First International Conference on Sustainable Plantation: Better Environment with Better Prosperity, Harmonization of Humankind and Nature.
Authors: Sudarsono S , Junaedi A
Published: January 2020

The first International Conference for Sustainable Plantation (First ICSP) was conducted at IPB International Convention Center (IICC), Bogor, Indonesia. It was conducted to facilitate exchanges among estate crops researchers about the advance progress in estate crop research. The first ICSP was an immense success and attracting as many as 192 attendants. The participants were from Australia, Croatia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, and the Netherland. One hundreed one presentations were presented in the first ICSP, by scientists from Indonesia, Japan, Australia, India and the Netherland. The major estate crops and plantations presented in the first ICSP include: cocoa, coconut, coffee, nutmeg, oil palm, rubber, pepper, sago palm, sugar cane, sugar palm, tea, and other miscellaneous plantation crops and research areas related to the crops.
Insect diversity of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) plantation under different shade trees in Pakuwon, Sukabumi
Authors: Indriati G , Susilawati  , Puspitasari M
Published: January 2020

Cacao is one of important commodities which has significant contribution to Indonesian economy. One main factor in cacao cultivation is the shade tree. In Indonesia, the shade tree for cacao may vary. The study aimed to determine the most suitable shade tree for insect diversity in cacao plantation, conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station and Integrated Laboratory of IIBCRI from January to May 2019. The shade trees in used were banana (KP), Ramayana (KR), and coconut (KK). Insect diversity was observed using yellow pan trap and pitfall trap in the field. The trapped insects were identified until order then their abundance were analysed statistically. Result showed the shade trees species are affecting the insect diversity in cacao plantation. The lowest population of insect from in cacao plantation from January to May 2019 was found in banana as shade tree, whereas the highest abundance was found in Ramayana. The highest abundance of the family in the area was from Hymenoptera order and Formicidae family.
Phytonematodes associated with arabica coffee in Bondowoso, East Java
Authors: Budiman A , Supramana  , Giyanto
Published: January 2020

Phytonematode is one of the important pathogen infecting Arabica coffee plantation. This study is aimed to identify phytonematodes associated with the declining Arabica coffee plantation in Bondowoso, East Java. Root and soil samples were taken from the symptomatic coffee plants at Belawan and Kalisat Jampit plantations. Phytonematode were extracted from root samples by mist chamber and soil samples by centrifugation flotation methods. Five phytonematodes, that are Radopholus similis, Meloidogyne sp., Paratylenchus sp., Criconemoides sp., and Helicotylenchus sp., were identified based on their morphological characters. The highest phytonematode population is R. similis with average of 260 nematodes/10 g roots.
The effect of bio-retention hole application on soil physical properties and productivity and quality of Tea sinensis leaf
Authors: Rachman L M , Baskoro D P T , Supriadi C J R
Published: January 2020

One of the critical problems for crop plantation on dry land is lack of water, especially in the dry season, including tea leaves. Proper treatment is required to solve the negative drought impact. The research aims to examine the effect of Bio-Retention Hole (BRH) on some of soil physical properties and the production and quality of tea leaves at one tea plantation in Cianjur Regency. The results showed that the application of BRH can improved soil aeration, reduced bulk density, increased total soil pore, macro soil pore, infiltration, soil permeability and soil aggregate stability. The increase in organic matter is thought to be one of the main causes of the improvement in various physical properties of the soil. Plots treated with BRH showed a significant increase in organic matter. The BRH application increases the production and quality of tea leaves. The monthly tea leaves production in plots with the BRH application is higher than without BRH, averaging around 20 percent with variations of 5 to 100 percent. The level of Tanin substances which is used as an indicator of the quality of tea leaves is also about 20 percent higher in plots with the BRH application compared to without BRH.
The effect of cutting material and planting medium to the growth of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) seedling
Authors: Nurhayati H , Supriatna N , Setyono  , Syukur C , Pitono J
Published: January 2020

Cinnamon can be propagated generatively and vegetatively. Vegetative propagation will generate the similar characteristics as its parent tree, hence facilitating the providing of high quality seedling. The research objective was to obtain the suitable vegetative propagation technology for cinnamon by cutting. The research was conducted at Cimanggu Research Installation, ISMCRI, Bogor from January to December 2018. The experiment was designed in randomized block design, 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was cutting materials : shoot cutting from 1) the 1st-2nd node 2) the 3rd-4th node and 3) the 5th-6th node. The second factor was planting medium 1) manure: husk charcoal: soil (2: 1: 1), 2) manure: cocopeat: soil (2: 1: 1), and 3) water. The shoot cutting from the 5th-6th node indicated better plant growth than from the 1st-2nd node, although not significantly different from the 3rd-4th node. Cuttings grown in water medium indicated no new shoot emergence until the last observation. However, cuttings planted in charcoal or cocopeat media, grew well and showed no significant differences in all parameters. Cinnamon plant can be propagated vegetatively by cutting using shoot cuttings from 5th-6th node or the 3rd-4th node grown in media contained husk charcoal or cocopeat.
Phytophthora sp a causal agent of leaf soft rot disease of nutmeg in Indonesia
Authors: Sari M P , Florina D , Wahyuno D , Manohara D
Published: January 2020

Leaf soft rot symptom has been found in nutmeg germplasm collection of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crop Research Institute (ISMCRI), Sukabumi, West Java. The research was aimed to identify a causal agent of leaf soft rot disease and the effectiveness assay of fungicides on colonies growth. Based on morphological observations, Phytophthora was found consistently from the infected leaf samples and the fungus characteristic was identic to Phytophthora palmivora. Host range test showed the ability of the fungus to infect pepper and rubber plants. The effect of temperature on fungal growth was tested by planting the fungus on Carrot Agar Medium (CAM), and incubated at 25°C, 28°C, 31°C and 34°C. The efficacy of propineb and mancozeb on inhibiting the growth of fungal colonies was tested by food poisoning technique. Koch’s postulate test showed that the first soft rot symptom on the inoculated leaves appeared on the second day and the infected leaves began to fall on the fourth day after inoculation. The optimum temperature for the fungus to grow is 28°C. The result of the efficacy test showed that mancozeb was more suppressing the growth of the Phytophthora than propineb
Yield and fruit morphology of selected high productive Papua nutmeg trees (Myristica argentea Warb.)
Authors: Wahyuni S , Bermawie N
Published: January 2020

Fakfak nutmeg is also known as Papua Nutmeg, and has become one of the main income sources of local communities in Fakfak and Kaimana Districts. It produces butter nutmeg, a fat derived from the seed used in perfumery and soaps. It grows wild or semi cultivation, so the productivity is generally low. To improve productivity, it is necessary to use planting materials derived from high productive trees. The study was aimed to identify nutmeg trees with high yield, good quality of fruit, seeds and essential oils. The study was undertaken in eight locations of Fakfak district. Mother trees selection were carried out during 2013-2015. About 136 mother trees have been selected with average fruit yield 2275 ± 340 fruits tree−1 and have bigger fruit and seed compared with original population. The average fruit weight 106 ± 9.6 g, fruit length 7.26 ± 0.54 cm, seed weight 13.52 ± 1.44 g, seed length 3.81 ± 0.34 cm, and mace weight > 2 g. Essential oil content of mature seeds and mace was considered low (<5%). The main chemical constituents of seeds and mace essential oils were sabinen, limonen and safrol. The safrole content was higher (> 20%) than standard.
Present status and outlook of coconut development in Indonesia
Authors: Alouw J C , Wulandari S
Published: January 2020

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a socioeconomically important palm in Indonesia, owned mostly by smallholders. Indonesia has the largest coconut palm-growing areas in the world, followed by the Philippines and India. The average national coconut productivity is still lower than the production potency of superior varieties. Indonesia and the Philippines contributed about 67% of crude coconut oil (CNO) export to global market. At present, the global market demand of coconut oil is fluctuating lead to the low price of CNO, while demand for certain coconut products such as coconut water, milk and flour is growing rapidly. This review provides an overview of the present status of coconut development in Indonesia, the recent advances in technologies for coconut improvement and outlook of coconut development toward 2045. Technological, political and socio economic issues including senility, pests and diseases, inferior varieties, poor agronomic practices, land conversion affected the low coconut production, while unfavorable supply chain, narrow product line, low product quality, monoculture-planting system might be affected the economic welfare of farmers. About 6.6 million farmers rely their main source of income on coconut and coconut based-products, which are mostly copra and CNO. Technological and institutional innovations for smallholder in coconut development become important strategies. Producing high value coconut products, establishment of seed farms, replanting of senile palms, pest and disease management, synergy among industries, farmers, and governments as well as research on finding more innovative technologies and technology transfer to solve existing problems are required to ensure the sustainability of coconut sector.
The dynamics of precipitation and its relation to flowering status and oil palm productivity
Authors: Agusta H , Pratanu B G , Saragih J F , Handoyo G C , Sulistiyono E
Published: January 2020

This paper exposes the relation between monthly precipitation amount dynamics with the assumably impacted flowering status of productive oil palm and its productivity in the next period. The observation was conducted in Jambi 2016-2017 and Kalimantan in 2017. Simple regression and Pearson’s correlation procedure was applied to calculate the relation between actual flower sex ratio as well as oil palm productivity. Under water scarcity conditions in the dry season, more flower infertility will be exposed in the same period of the dry season with higher response variability. Soil moisture content under the frond pile is more stabilized against evaporation so that the rate of soil demoisturizing at the upper horizon layer is slower than at the circle area and active path area. Estimated oil palm production in a period is determined by the precipitation value 36 months before harvest.
Growth and fruit panicle responses of shrub pepper (Piper nigrum L.) to bio-mulch
Authors: Suwarto  , Hariyadi A
Published: January 2020

Mulch, especially bio-mulch is important to prevent soil erosion, to increase soil organic and to contribute to nutrient supply. Research to know the growth and fruit panicle responses has been conducted in Cikabayan Station, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University from December 2016 – August 2018. Two varieties of shrub pepper; Petaling 1 and Natar 2, have been planted ini three treatments of biomulch, namely without biomulch as control, with Arachis pintoi, and with mixed legume cover crop of Centrosema pubescens, Calopogonium mucunoides, and Pueraria japonica in six replications. The number of leaves, plant height, canopy diameter, number of fruits branch, and fruit panicle have been observation monthly, started at 16 months after planting and lasted at 20 months. It was a different response of Petaling 1 and Natar 2 to the treatments. Consistently, the highest of leaves number, plant height, canopy diameter and fruit panicle of Petaling 1 have resulted in Arachis pintoi, followed by control and legume cover crop. As the same as Petaling 1, to the Natar 2, Arachis pintoi resulted in the highest fruit panicle. For the other parameter of Petaling 1 the influence of bio-mulch was not consistent. For increasing productivity, Arachis pintoi is recommended as bio-mulch.
Toxicity of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, and clove oil-based pesticide to the main pests of black pepper
Authors: Wiratno  , Maris P , Sari M P , Wahyuno T E
Published: January 2020

In order to get the healthy black pepper plant, the presence of various types of pest organisms should be controlled below the economic threshold. One of the efforts to obtain an environmentally friendly control strategy is by using natural pesticides i.e.entomophatogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and clove oil-based botanical pesticides. The insects tested in this study were pepper stem borer, Lophobaris piperis, and pepper fruit sucker, Dasynus piperis. The results of the laboratory bioassays showed that 20 gr / l of B. bassiana could kill some of the tested insects, but its toxicity in the field tended to be low. Mortality of L. piperis and D. piperis at the end of laboratory assay was 20% and 33.3%, respectively. Therefore, to get maximum impacts, field application must be repeated several times at intervals of 1 to 2 months. The botanical pesticide formula at the highest concentration (20 cc/l) was able to kill 43.3% of L. piperis. Meanwhile, it was very effective against D. piperis at a concentration of 2.5 cc/l, which was able to kill all the tested insects. The botanical pesticides and B bassiana have potential to control D piperis and L piperis..
Rainy season period and climate classification in sugarcane plantation regions in indonesia
Authors: Riajaya P D
Published: January 2020

Sugarcane plantations in Indonesia are mainly grown on dry land with wide ranges of climatic conditions. This study aimed to present information about the average rainy season period and climate classification in each sugarcane development area in Indonesia. The rainy season period was determined based on early of the dry season and rainy season for 10 years from 2009-2018 in 67 Zone of Season (ZOM) of 342 ZOM issued by The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics of Indonesia. The rainy season period in sugarcane regions ranges from 20-25 ten day period in 59% of the zones in Sumatra, 15-20 ten day period in 73% of the zones in Java and Madura, 20-25 ten day period and 10-15 ten day period in 33% and 34% zones in Sulawesi, 12 ten day period in West Nusa Tenggara and 16-25 ten day period in Papua. Climate classification was also identified in each zone of sugarcane regions based on Oldeman classification map. Information about rainy season period and climate classification enables in the planning and production of crops for certain regions. Further studies on the prediction of water availability during sugarcane growth are needed.
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) for detection of sugarcane streak mosaic virus
Authors: Subekti D , Hidayat S H , Damayanti T A , Purwono
Published: January 2020

Conventional PCR is a reliable method for detecting SCSMV. The availability of quantitative PCR (qPCR) can increase the power of PCR as detection method due to its high sensitivity and ability to quantify the template DNA in the reaction mixture. The study was aimed to validate the qPCR method for detection of SCSMV, and to develop detection methods for virus indexing program in seed canes production. qPCR method developed in this study was relative-qPCR with the regression equation of Y = -7,255 * log X + 11.752 for the SCSMV standard curve, so the value of X = 10 (-0.138 * Ct + 1,620). Ct value is inversely proportional to the concentration of cDNA. The greater the Ct value, the lower the concentration of cDNA in the sample. It was proved that qPCR method is more sensitive compared to conventional PCR, because it was able to detect SCSMV in samples not detected by conventional PCR methods. The relation between the Ct value and the incidence and severity of the disease on the field was assessed using field samples for qPCR. It was shown that Ct value and virus concentration did not have relation to the incidence and severity of the disease in the fields.
Management of ratoon stunting disease by hot water treatment to provide healthy cane seed
Authors: Yulianti T , Wijayanti K S , Supriyono
Published: January 2020

Ratoon stunting disease (RSD) is one of major sugarcane diseases in Indonesia. The causal agent of the disease is Leifsonia xyli subsp xyli. The pathogen systemically infects xylem vessel. Providing healthy seed cane is the most important management of the disease. This study aimed to determine the best Hot Water Treatment (HWT) method for reducing RSD incidence of sett cane. There were eight treatments arranged in randomized blocked design, ie: Bud setts were (1) soaked in running water (RW) for 48 h and then treated with 50°C HWT for 2 h; (2) RW for 5 h and 50°C HWT for 2 h; (3) directly 50°C HWT for 2 h; (4) directly 45°C HWT for 30 m; (5) soaked in bactericide suspension for 2 h; (6) directly planted without any treatment; (7) RW for 48 h; (8) RW for 5 h. Results of the study showed that germination was only 23-27% when treated with 50°C HWT, but incidence of RSD was only 3-6%. Germination increased when soaked in running water for 5 h before HWT. The fastest bud germination occurred at 45°C HWT for 30 m with the highest percentage of germination (83%) but incidence of RSD was high.
Organic cultivation of medicinal crops in the efforts to support the sustainable availability of Jamu raw materials
Authors: Trisilawati O. , Rizal M. , Pribadi E.
Published: January 2020

Jamu is an Indonesian herbal medicinal product, as part of the traditional natural health care of Indonesia’s national cultural heritage. Jamu raw material consists of a single preparation or combination of several types of nutritious medicinal plants, collected from nature and cultivated by farmers. Nowadays, medicinal crops farmers rarely apply organic cultivation on their land. Along with the increase in public awareness and the global demand of efficacious but safe herbal products, the organic cultivation of medicinal plants is a necessity. In organic farming, crop cultivation relies on the use of organic (natural) ingredients and avoids the use of synthetic chemical inputs (pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers), and genetically modified organism seeds. The integrity of the material produced is guaranteed by third parties through the issuance of organic certificates after going through a series of audit processes on documents and production processes in the field and storage area known as organic certification. Certification of organic plant cultivation in Indonesia has been regulated in SNI 6729: 2016 concerning the Organic Farming System. Many researchs found that medicinal plants cultivated organically could improve efficacious compounds. Research to compile GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) for medicinal plants cultivated organically in Indonesia needs to be encouraged to support the sustainable supply and efficacious of Jamu raw materials.