bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiences With the Mental Health Service System of Family Caregivers of Individuals With an Intellectual/Developmental Disability Referred to START
Authors: Holingue Calliope , Kalb Luther G. , Klein Ann , Beasley Joan B.
Published: October 2020

People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) frequently have behavioral or mental health needs, but experience obstacles to treatment. Family caregivers are often responsible for coordinating the care of individuals with IDD. This study examined family caregiver experiences using intake data from a national tertiary crisis intervention model designed for people with IDD and mental health needs. Caregivers (n = 488) completed the Family Experiences Interview Schedule. Less than half of families reported satisfaction with the mental health services received. Notable gaps were in crisis, night and weekend services, choice of services and providers, communication and coordination between providers, and specialized training. Experiences were worse for caregiving fathers and individuals with IDD with co-occurring chronic medical conditions.
Addressing Quality of Life of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Gómez Laura E. , Morán M. Lucía , Alcedo M. Ángeles , Arias Víctor B. , Verdugo Miguel-Ángel
Published: October 2020

Despite the advances on the assessment of quality of life, this concept is barely studied and is riddled with important limitations for those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This article is aimed at validating a questionnaire to assess quality of life of children with ASD and intellectual disability (ID). Based on the KidsLife Scale, geared toward people with ID, the most reliable items for those with ASD were selected. Study participants were 420 persons, from 4 to 21 years old. Results indicated that the KidsLife-ASD Scale measured eight intercorrelated domains, had good reliability, and exhibited adequate evidences of validity. KidsLife-ASD emerges as a helpful tool to guide person-centered planning addressed at improving quality of life.
Parent Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication Integration for Children With Fragile X Syndrome: It Starts in the Home
Authors: Schladant Michelle , Dowling Monica
Published: October 2020

Many children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) have complex communication needs and may benefit from augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). This qualitative study explored how four mother–child dyads used AAC in the home. Data were collected using participant observations, open-ended interviews, and record reviews, and analyzed using grounded theory methods. Findings revealed that mothers found AAC to be a useful tool for addressing their children's complex communication needs, but practical and personal factors impacted its use in the home. This study sheds light on how mothers of children with FXS view and utilize AAC as a way to promote communication at home. Understanding parental perspectives can help to guide professionals in planning appropriate AAC interventions specific to FXS.
Imaging through scattering media based on semi-supervised learning
Authors: Yamazaki Kaoru , Horisaki Ryochi , Tanida Jun
Published: October 2020

We present a method for less-invasive imaging through scattering media. We use an image-to-image translation, which is called a cycle generative adversarial network (CycleGAN), based on semi-supervised learning with an unlabeled dataset. Our method was experimentally demonstrated by reconstructing object images displayed on a spatial light modulator between diffusers. In the demonstration, CycleGAN was trained with captured images and object candidate images that were not used for image capturing through the diffusers and were not paired with the captured images.
Optical multiple-image compression-encryption via single-pixel Radon transform
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Li Siwei
Published: October 2020

Compression is a common operation in multiple-image encryption (MIE) schemes. For most of the existing MIE schemes, the compression process would lead to the waste of the detect data. In this paper, a novel MIE scheme based on the single-pixel Radon transform (RT) is proposed. In the encryption process, the single-pixel RT of each image from 0° to 180° is performed. This process can be realized by an optical setup. All Radon spectra are combined and encrypted by the asymmetric cryptosystem based on phase-truncated Fourier transforms (PTFT). To increase the security, the Arnold map and logistic map are used to scramble and diffuse the result of PTFT. Unlike conventional MIE schemes, there is no extra compression operation and data waste in the proposed method. The key sensitivity, the multiplexing capacity, and the security under various attacks are analyzed through simulation results. The optical experiment is also performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed optical MIE scheme.
Phase diversity method based on an improved particle swarm algorithm used in co-phasing error detection
Authors: Ge Yingjian , Wang Shengqian , Xian Hao
Published: October 2020

The phase diversity (PD) algorithm is an image-based co-phasing error detection method for segmented mirror synthetic aperture optical systems. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is suitable for PD for its fast convergence speed and simple structure. However, with the increase of the numbers of subapertures, optimization of cost function formed by the PD algorithm becomes a high-dimension non-linear optimization problem, which would lead PSO to result in a premature solution. Regarding the problem above, this paper presented a modified PSO in the PD algorithm to co-phase the segmented primary mirror, which overcame drawbacks of the traditional PSO, such as premature convergence and deactivation of particles, and enhanced the dig ability of the algorithm. Vast simulation results show that the modified PSO in the PD algorithm can effectively restore the segmented primary mirror, reducing the peak-to-valley (PV) value to

0.0012

λ

and the root mean square error to

0.0007

λ

, and raising the Strehl ratio to over 0.999. A comparison was also conducted to show that the modified PSO has advantages over two existing algorithms in higher accuracy and faster convergence speed.
Classification of marine microalgae using low-resolution Mueller matrix images and convolutional neural network
Authors: Liu Zhidi , Liao Ran , Ma Hui , Li Jiajin , Leung Priscilla T. Y. , Yan Meng , Gu Jiarui
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we used a convolutional neural network to study the classification of marine microalgae by using low-resolution Mueller matrix images. Mueller matrix images of 12 species of algae from 5 families were measured by a Mueller matrix microscopy with an LED light source at 514 nm wavelength. The data sets of seven resolution levels were generated by the bicubic interpolation algorithm. We conducted two groups of classification experiments; one group classified the algae into 12 classes according to species category, and the other group classified the algae into 5 classes according to family category. In each group of classification experiments, we compared the classification results of the Mueller matrix images with those of the first element (M11) images. The classification accuracy of Mueller matrix images declines gently with the decrease of image resolution, while the accuracy of M11 images declines sharply. The classification accuracy of Mueller matrix images is higher than that of M11 images at each resolution level. At the lowest resolution level, the accuracy of 12-class classification and 5-class classification of full Mueller matrix images is 29.89% and 35.83% higher than those of M11 images, respectively. In addition, we also found that the polarization information of different species had different contributions to the classification. These results show that the polarization information can greatly improve the classification accuracy of low-resolution microalgal images.
PDMS-filled Fabry–Perot interferometer-based multipoint temperature measurement using an array-waveguide grating
Authors: Li Jiali , Mao Bangning , Xu Ben , Shen Changyu , Xu Rui , Wang Lin , Wang Dongning , Zhao Chunliu
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a multipoint temperature measurement scheme based on Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) multiplexing is proposed. The FPI sensor is constructed as a section of hollow-core fiber (HCF) partially filled with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) spliced to a single-mode fiber. An array-waveguide grating with 16 channels is used for the FPI sensors’ multiplexing and demultiplexing, and a broadband source is used as the light source. The corresponding theoretical model was built for analysis of the scheme, and the simulation results shown the FPI working principle can be simplified as a dual-beam interference. Two channels connected to two FPI sensors were experimentally tested for the concept verification. The temperature sensitivities of the proposed two sensors are 1.090 dB/°C and 1.210 dB/°C from 30°C to 40°C, respectively. There is no interchannel cross talk observed. Hence, FPI temperature sensors can work simultaneously in this structure, proving the validity of the multipoint temperature measurement concept.
Quantum temporal imaging of antibunching
Authors: Shi Junheng , Patera Giuseppe , Horoshko Dmitri B. , Kolobov Mikhail I.
Published: October 2020

We consider transformation of quantum intensity correlations of light, observed by direct photodetection, by a single-lens temporal imaging scheme with magnification factor

M

. We prove that such an imaging scheme performs noiseless stretching or contraction of the second-order intensity correlation function without deteriorating such nonclassical features as antibunching and sub-Poissonian statistics of the photons. We also evaluate the photocurrent fluctuation spectrum for the photodetection of nonclassical light and show that this temporal imaging scheme performs its noiseless scaling by magnification factor

M

without adding any noise. We illustrate our results by two examples of nonclassical light sources: sub-Poissonian laser as a continuous-wave macroscopic nonclassical light source exhibiting antibunching and sub-Poissonian statistics of photons and single-photon source as its pulsed counterpart possessing similar nonclassical features. Our results open interesting possibilities for noiseless control of temporal and spectral characteristics of nonclassical light and can find numerous practical applications in quantum optics and quantum information.
Wannier-function expansion of localized modes in 1D photonic crystals without inversion symmetry
Authors: Tanaue Helena B. , Bruno-Alfonso Alexys
Published: October 2020

The localized modes of one-dimensional photonic crystals without inversion symmetry are calculated by using linear combinations of Wannier functions. A closed form is given for the phase of the Bloch function leading to maximally localized Wannier functions. The defect consists of changing the refractive index of one layer in a single unit cell. The results for the frequencies and magnetic-field profiles of the localized modes are found in good agreement with calculations based on the transfer-matrix method. The need for maximally localized Wannier functions is discussed.
Compact and broadband 3D mode (de)multiplexer via displacement of an asymmetric slot-strip coupler
Authors: Wang Xinguo , Hu Jinzhu , Miao Jinye , Jiang Weifeng
Published: October 2020

A compact and broadband three-dimensional (3D) quasi-

T
E

0

and quasi-

T
E

1

mode (de)multiplexer [(De)MUX] is proposed via an asymmetric slot-strip coupler, in which the optimally lateral displacement between the bottom silicon slot waveguide and the upper poly-silicon strip-waveguide can enable the vertical mode-coupling efficiently. The design of the proposed 3D mode (De)MUX is based on the full-vectorial finite-element method, 3D full-vectorial finite-difference time-domain method, and mode expansion method. The optimized 3D mode (De)MUX is with a compact coupling length of only 5.65 µm, a broad 3 dB bandwidth of 231.5 nm, a low insertion loss of 0.3 dB, and a mode cross talk of

−

27.54

d
B

. The fabrication tolerance is also studied with a width error of

±

20

n
m

for both the upper and lower layers.
Plasmon modes supported by metamaterial-filled monolayer graphene cylindrical waveguides
Authors: Saeed M. , Ghaffar A. , Alkanhal Majeed A. S. , Alqahtani Ali H. , Khan Y. , Rehman Sajjad ur
Published: October 2020

A theoretical analysis of the characteristics of the hybrid surface plasmon of a monolayer graphene-wrapped metamaterial-filled cylindrical waveguide is performed. The dispersion relations for different configurations of metamaterials [double positive (DPS)–graphene–DPS, DPS–graphene–double negative (DNG), DNG–graphene–DPS, and DNG–graphene–DNG] are simulated by solving Maxwell’s equations for cylindrical symmetry and implementing impedance boundary conditions at the interface. The electromagnetic response of graphene is modeled using Kubo’s formalism. The influence of the geometrical parameters of the waveguide structure, the chemical potential of graphene and the parameters of partnering materials on the dispersion curve, the effective mode index, and the phase velocity is presented. It is observed that the existence of graphene along with metamaterials provides better control and tuning of the propagation of the surface waves. The backward surface waves, forward surface waves, and slow surface waves for the fundamental mode are studied for different waveguide configurations. The results are found to be in accordance with the published literature. These results may have potential applications in tuning surface waves, waveguide technology, modulators, backward-wave amplifiers, traveling-wave masers, frequency selectors, circular polarizers, switching and phase compensation, and graphene-based slow-light devices.
Electromagnetic waves in graded-index planar waveguides
Authors: Bednarik M. , Cervenka M.
Published: October 2020

The propagation of guided TE and TM modes through graded-index planar waveguides is reported in this paper. Both a real-valued and complex-valued position-dependent refractive index are supposed for a film layer. It is possible to set various refractive index profiles based on five distribution parameters. For the position-dependent refractive index, the governing equations are transformed to Heun’s differential equation, an exact local solution expressed in terms of local Heun functions. The general nature of these functions is demonstrated based on four degenerate cases of Heun’s equation. The calculation of guided modes requires evaluation of the general solution in the interval containing two regular singular points. For this purpose, the generalized Heun function is introduced and employed in general solutions to the governing equations. The applicability of the generalized solutions is demonstrated by the calculation of guided modes for both the real-valued and complex-valued refractive index.
Broadening of magnetic linewidth by spin-exchange interaction in the K-Rb-21Ne comagnetometer
Authors: Wei Kai , Zhao Tian , Fang Xiujie , Xu Zitong , Zhai Yueyang , Quan Wei , Han Bangcheng
Published: October 2020

The elimination of relaxation resulting from spin-exchange (SE) interaction is crucial for ultrasensitive atomic comagnetometers. In this study, we demonstrate the SE relaxation is only partially suppressed and significantly broadens the magnetic linewidth in the K-Rb-21Ne comagnetometer. The SE relaxation arises from the compensation magnetic field when operating in the self-compensation regime. We propose a new method to measure the SE relaxation in the self-compensation regime where the alkali-metal and noble-gas spin ensembles are coupled. In the presence of SE relaxation, we find the optimal alkali-metal polarization for maximizing the sensitivity is shifted from the typical value. Under various conditions, we present a detailed study of the SE relaxation and the scale factor as a function of alkali-metal polarization, which are further verified by the theoretical models. The reduction of SE relaxation and improvement of scale factor by using 87Rb atoms is also studied.
A tellurite glass optical microbubble resonator
Authors: Yu J. , Zhang J. , Wang R. , Li A. , Zhang M. , Wang S. , Wang P. , Ward J. M. , Nic Chormaic S.
Published: October 2020

We present a method for making microbubble whispering gallery resonators (WGRs) from tellurite, which is a soft glass, using a CO2 laser. The customized fabrication process permits us to process glasses with low melting points into microbubbles with loaded quality factors as high as 2.3 × 106. The advantage of soft glasses is that they provide a wide range of refractive index, thermo-optical, and optomechanical properties. The temperature and air pressure dependent optical characteristics of both passive and active tellurite microbubbles are investigated. For passive tellurite microbubbles, the measured temperature and air pressure sensitivities are 4.9 GHz/K and 7.1 GHz/bar, respectively. The large thermal tuning rate is due to the large thermal expansion coefficient of 1.9 × 10−5 K−1 of the tellurite microbubble. In the active Yb3+-Er3+ co-doped tellurite microbubbles, C-band single-mode lasing with a threshold of 1.66 mW is observed with a 980 nm pump and a maximum wavelength tuning range of 1.53 nm is obtained. The sensitivity of the laser output frequency to pressure changes is 6.5 GHz/bar. The microbubbles fabricated using this method have a low eccentricity and uniform wall thickness, as determined from electron microscope images and the optical spectra. The compound glass microbubbles described herein have the potential for a wide range of applications, including sensing, nonlinear optics, tunable microcavity lasers, and integrated photonics.
Tunable optical single-sideband generation for OOK and PAM4 data channels using an optical frequency comb and nonlinear wave-mixing
Authors: Cao Yinwen , Fallahpour Ahmad , Zou Kaiheng , Zhou Huibin , Almaiman Ahmed , Liao Peicheng , Alishahi Fatemeh , Manukyan Karapet , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: October 2020

We experimentally demonstrate tunable optical single-sideband (SSB) generation using a tapped-delay-line (TDL) optical filter for 10 and 20 Gbit/s on/off-keying (OOK) signals and a 20 Gbit/s four-level pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM4) signal. The optical SSB filter is realized by using an optical frequency comb, wavelength-dependent delay, and nonlinear wave-mixing to achieve the TDL function. Moreover, SSB tunability is achieved by adjusting the amplitude, phase, frequency spacing, and number of selected optical frequency comb lines. We show that the one-sideband suppression of a double-sideband (DSB) channel can be enhanced as the number of taps is increased; however, we do measure a

∼

1.5

%

error-vector-magnitude penalty. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the chromatic-dispersion-induced penalty after 80 km standard-single-mode-fiber transmission of a 10 Gbit/s SSB OOK signal without chromatic dispersion compensation has been reduced by

>

3

d
B

when compared to DSB.
Exploiting light field imaging through scattering media for optical encryption
Authors: Liu Yifan , Yu Panpan , Li Yinmei , Gong Lei
Published: October 2020

We report a novel optical encryption strategy that utilizes highly scattered wavefront of light field to encrypt the plaintext and exploits a scattering medium as the unique physical key. For information decryption, an imaging technique based on the speckle-correlation scattering matrix is adopted to directly extract the wavefront information from speckles, i.e., the ciphertext. The decryption relies on the transmission matrix of the scattering medium which serves as the unique key. In particular, different parts of a scattering medium have absolutely different TMs. Thus, even if attackers get the cryptosystem and repeat the measurement process, they cannot recover the key without knowing the exact part of the medium we used. The security of this scheme is further guaranteed by the advantage that data cannot be leaked without a large percentage (>60%) of the key eavesdropped. In addition, its feasibility and advantage are demonstrated experimentally.
Vampire squids, ‘the broken internet’ and platform regulation
Authors: Winseck Dwayne
Published: October 2020

Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft and Netflix have come under intense criticism for acquiring undue influence on the media, economy, society and democracy. Google and Facebook’s business models, especially, are cast as a form of ‘vampire economics’ responsible for the crisis of journalism and upending the media industries. Many media scholars argue that since the platforms increasingly function like media companies, media policy should be our North Star with respect to what new approaches to internet regulation should look like. This article agrees that a forceful response to the platforms is overdue but criticizes the case against them for too often resting on cherry-picked evidence and an exaggerated sense of their clout, while references to media policy obscure a better approach that draws on four principles from telecoms regulation to guide a new generation of internet regulation: structural separation, line of business restrictions (i.e., firewalls), public obligations and public alternatives.
Online content governance: Towards a framework for analysis for prominence and discoverability
Authors: Mazzoli Eleonora Maria
Published: October 2020

In an internet-connected era, prominence and discoverability propose new challenges for content providers, as search and discovery functions become essential to access content online. However, general definitional confusion on these notions has contributed to a lack of understanding of what discoverability means for the online audio-visual media industry, which in turn leads to a lack of clarity over the scope, values and intentions of related regulatory proposals. This article criticizes these policy approaches and proposes a fine-tuned understanding of content discoverability that is suited to our contemporary media system and informs media and communication policy debates in this area. By contextualizing it in an industry-led governance system with opaque content-curation strategies, I apply a new analytical lens to discoverability that shows its implications for three media policy issues: namely organizations’ decisional transparency, users’ diversity of exposure and the fostering of a plurality of media independent from undue power and influence.
Investigação ambiental de uma antiga indústria química
Authors: Bello Paola Pasqualini Gayego
Published: October 2020

Nos últimos 50 anos questões de contaminação de solo e águas subterrâneas têm sido objeto de grande preocupação no Mundo e no Brasil, principalmente em antigos centros urbanos industriais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar quantitativa e qualitativamente o meio físico local de uma antiga indústria química, utilizando amostras de solo e água subterrânea, e elaborar o modelo conceitual da área à luz do desenvolvimento teórico das áreas contaminadas ao longo das últimas décadas. Os resultados analíticos indicaram a presença de etilbenzeno e xilenos totais acima dos valores de intervenção da CETESB/16 no solo, e benzeno, etilbenzeno, o-xileno, m,p-xileno, xilenos totais, TPH Total (C8-C40) e 1,2-dicloroetano acima dos padrões comparativos de referência para a água subterrânea. Ainda que não tenha sido identificada fase aquosa não miscível (LNAPL), esta pesquisa apontou que as concentrações elevadas indicam uma fração de contaminante residual ou trapeada na zona saturada que continuamente alimenta a água subterrânea, gerando as plumas em fase dissolvida identificadas à jusante e fora dos limites do terreno.
Etapa pós-licenciamento no Estado de Minas Gerais: enfoque na SUPRAM TMAP
Authors: Oliveira Rosane De Souza , Almeida Maria Rita Raimundo e
Published: October 2020

A Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente de 1981 é um importante marco na inclusão das questões ambientais nas políticas públicas brasileiras e prevê o licenciamento ambiental, constituído pelas Licenças Prévia, de Instalação e Operação, sendo, a renovação desta última uma possibilidade de acompanhamento do desempenho ambiental de um empreendimento. O estado de Minas Gerais foi pioneiro no uso do automonitoramento no acompanhamento ambiental de atividades, no entanto, existem muitas lacunas nessa prática que comprometem o processo de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA). Assim, com este trabalho objetivou avaliar as medidas de controle e monitoramento ambiental na etapa de pós-licenciamento. Para isso, analisou-se oito processos de abatedouro e treze de laticínio, geridos pela Superintendência Regional de Meio Ambiental Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba (Supram TMAP). As variáveis analisadas foram dividas em Variáveis Técnicas do Empreendimento (VTEs), que avaliaram o empreendimento, e Variáveis Técnicas do Processo (VTPs) que analisaram o órgão ambiental. Os resultados obtidos foram, quando possível, comparados com os obtidos na Supram Sul de Minas, para verificar influências da regionalização do órgão ambiental. A análise dos dados demonstrou que na Supram TMAP as varáveis ligadas a formalização do processo de licenciamento apresentaram classificação satisfatória, porém para as ligadas à etapa de pós-licenciamento, este resultado não se repetiu. Na compação o cenário encontrado foi similar. Entretanto, destacam-se pontos de divergência de procedimentos, apontando para a falta de padronização entre as Suprams.
Causal variational principles in the σ-locally compact setting: Existence of minimizers
Authors: Finster Felix , Langer Christoph
Published: October 2020

We prove the existence of minimizers of causal variational principles on second countable, locally compact Hausdorff spaces. Moreover, the corresponding Euler–Lagrange equations are derived.
The method is to first prove the existence of minimizers of the causal variational principle
restricted to compact subsets for a lower semi-continuous Lagrangian.
Exhausting the underlying topological space by compact subsets and rescaling the corresponding minimizers,
we obtain a sequence which converges vaguely to a regular Borel measure of possibly infinite total volume.
It is shown that, for continuous Lagrangians of compact range,
this measure solves the Euler–Lagrange equations. Furthermore, we prove that the constructed measure
is a minimizer under variations of compact support. Under additional assumptions, it is proven that
this measure is a minimizer under variations of finite volume. We finally extend our results to continuous Lagrangians decaying in entropy.
Why Virtue Is not Quite Enough: Descartes on Attaining Happiness
Authors: Viljanen Valtteri
Published: October 2020

Descartes explicitly states that virtue is sufficient for attaining happiness. In this paper I argue that, within the framework he develops, this is not exactly true: more than virtuous action is needed to secure happiness. I begin by analyzing, in Section 2, the Cartesian notion of virtue in order to show the way in which it closely connects to what, for Descartes, forms the very essence of morality – the correct use of our free will. Section 3, in turn, discusses Descartes’s view of happiness and its relation to the highest good. Thereby is laid the foundation for Section 4, which offers a reconstruction of the argument that virtue leads to happiness. Section 5 concludes the discussion by suggesting how and why Descartes leaves a crucial premise – an intellectual insight that consists of three main elements – unmentioned when he claims that virtue is sufficient for happiness.
On the Microfoundation of Linear Oligopoly Demand
Authors: Bos Iwan , Vermeulen Dries
Published: October 2020

We critically assess the representative consumer with quadratic aggregate utility function which forms the foundation of a well-known class of linear oligopoly demand structures. It is argued that this approach is problematic and redundant. Regarding the latter, we show how the same demand system can be derived directly from a population of heterogeneous buyers for any number of products. Welfare analyses based on aggregate demand is shown to be sensitive to the underlying microfoundation.
Conformality for a robust class of non-conformal attractors
Authors: Pozzetti Maria Beatrice , Sambarino Andrés , Wienhard Anna
Published: October 2020

In this paper we investigate the Hausdorff dimension of limit sets of Anosov representations. In this context we revisit and extend the framework of hyperconvex representations and establish a convergence property for them, analogue to a differentiability property. As an application of this convergence, we prove that the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of a hyperconvex representation is equal to a suitably chosen critical exponent.
Who were the Türkmen of Ottoman and Safavid lands? An overlooked early modern identity
Authors: Karamustafa Ali
Published: October 2020

This essay examines the history of the term Türkmen in western Asia, and asks how its significance changed with the spread of Ottoman and Safavid power in the early modern era. Although it always maintained its core connotation of uncouth tribes, the meaning of the term became more complex (and at times conflicting) after the Mongol period, a dynamic which this paper highlights by comparing it to the Oghūz identity. Poets and court historians developed novel ways of deploying both terms to explain the political dominance of Turkish speakers in the region. When Türkmen gained new import as a political label during the Aq Quyūnlū period, it came to have two contradictory connotations: tribal rebellion and the state-building aspirations of the Anatolian Türkmen dynasties. Both were marginalized by the subsequent establishment of Ottoman and Safavid power in the 16th century. However, the term continued to be widely used to describe Turkish-speaking tribes in the region, and manuscripts from the Caucasus version of the Köroğlu epic tradition show how it came to represent an autonomous tribal alternative to the new imperial status quo of the 17th century.
The “National Amnesia” in the Traditional History of Iran
Authors: Schoeler Gregor
Published: October 2020

It is well known that the pre-Islamic “national history” of Iran (i. e., the indigenous secular historical tradition, transmitted orally over many centuries) knows nothing at all, or as good as nothing, about the dynasties and empires of the Medes, Achaemenids, Seleucids, and Parthians (ca. 700 BCE–226 CE). It is first with the Sasanians (226‒651 CE) that Iran’s “national history” evinces more detailed knowledge. Instead of reports on the historical Medes and Achaemenid dynasties, accounts of mythical and legendary dynasties, the Pīšdādians and Kayānians, are found.

In this essay, an attempt will be made to explain this “gap” in the pre-Islamic historical tradition, this “strange historical (or national) amnesiaˮ (Ehsan Yarshater) in the cultural memory of the Iranians, with the help of a theory on the structure and modality of oral tradition, based on field research, by the Belgian historian and anthropologist Jan Vansina. The structure in question concerns a tripartite perception of the past: a wealth of information about antiquity (traditions of origin or creation and reports on culture heroes) – plenty of information, too, on the recent and most recent times – and lying between them, a “gap” in the accounts. Vansina described this phenomenon as the “hourglass effect.” This is exactly the narrative structure of Iranian national history; it is evident that the Achaemenids and the other pre-Christian dynasties fall into the “gap” described by Vansina.

The same phenomenon can also be detected on the level of Sasanian history. We find there a plethora of information on the founder of the dynasty, Ardašīr (reigned 226‒241 CE); meanwhile, very few details are known of the kings following Ardašīr, and it is only as of Kavād I (reigned 488‒496 and 499‒531 CE) that we have outstanding historical information.
Comparative analysis of SISO and wavelength diversity-based FSO systems at different transmitter power levels
Authors: Srivastava Varun , Mandloi Abhilash , Patel Dhiraj Kumar
Published: October 2020

Free space optical (FSO) communication refers to a line of sight technology, which comprises optical source and detector to create a link without the use of physical connections. Similar to other wireless communication links, these are severely affected by losses that emerged due to atmospheric turbulence and lead to deteriorated intensity of the optical signal at the receiver. This impairment can be compensated easily by enhancing the transmitter power. However, increasing the transmitter power has some limitations as per radiation regulations. The requirement of high transmit power can be reduced by employing diversity methods. This paper presents, a wavelength-based diversity method with equal gain combining receiver, an effective technique to provide matching performance to single input single output at a comparatively low transmit power.
Crystal structure of poly[aqua(μ3-2,4-diamino-benzenesulfonato-κ4
N:N
′,O:O′)silver(I)], C12H18O8N4S2Ag2
Authors: He Ze-Rong , Zhao Han-Lin , Jiang Jin-Ke , Cheng Hao-Feng , Cheng Jie , Dong Xian-Wu
Published: October 2020

C12H18O8N4S2Ag2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.7841(10) Å, b = 8.0140(5) Å, c = 11.7220(11) Å, β = 117.278(11)°, V = 900.40(16) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0279, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0627, T = 293(2) K.
Development and validation of a new HPLC method for the analysis of a novel oral suspension formulation of 50 mg/ml ursodeoxycholic acid for newborns
Authors: Hausherr Anne , Roessle Clara , Pinet Emma , Vasseur Véronique , Abarou Tarik , Benakouche Samira , Bourdon Olivier , Storme Thomas
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Drugs are developed for adults, making it difficult to find suitable treatments for children. Hospital pharmacy has developed alternatives to respond to this medical need. The objective of this study is to present a new liquid formulation of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) at a concentration suitable for treatment of neonatal jaundice, and to introduce a novel high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay method.

Methods

Four formulations have been developed using suspension vehicles due to the low solubility of the active ingredient, and different concentrations of excipient, xanthan gum, needed to facilitate resuspension. An HPLC method coupled to a diode array detector (DAD) has been developed. This method was used to analyze chemical and microbiologic stabilities, as well as physicochemical properties and palatability.

Results

After formulation was chosen, our new HPLC method assay was developed and validated for the quantification of chemical and microbiological stabilities of our product. Both parameters were stable over three months. Palatability has been improved thanks to the addition of universal suspension adjuvants. Odor, appearance and taste were judged pleasant despite a bitter aftertaste, with a persistence of the UDCA resuspension after one month.

Conclusions

Three months after informing neonatal department about the availability of the drug, patients and caregivers are satisfied, and production campaigns are routinely planned.
First Dendroclimatological Insight into Austrian Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) Climate-Growth Relationship in Belgrade Area, Serbia
Authors: Stajić Branko , Kazimirović Marko , Dukić Vojislav , Radaković Nenad
Published: October 2020

In order to assess the impact of climate variations on Austrian pine forest in the Belgrade area, the radial growth of artificially-established Austrian pine trees and its dependence on temperature and precipitation was studied using dendroclimatological methods. The site is classified as Quercetum-frainetto cerris Rudski. Standard and residual chronologies were established and several common statistics were calculated. A dendroclimatic study was carried out using the correlation and response function analysis. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the chronology indices and 13 seasonal (3-month period) precipitation and temperature data were calculated for the period from 1959 to 2014. The applied response function analysis included 24 precipitation and temperature variables from October of the prior year to September of the current year. The results of the correlation analysis pointed out that there was a strong tendency towards a positive response to the summer and late summer/early autumn precipitation and a weak significant negative response to the spring and summer temperatures. Climate-growth relationships were further first studied using the response functions for the significant seasons that were detected from the correlation analysis and then for individual months from previous October to current September. These results also highlighted the findings that higher precipitation in the current summer months has a beneficial effect on the tree-ring width. The conducted correlation between the residual chronology and the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index indicated that a high summer value of this drought index had a positive impact on the pine growth and reinforced the previously detected relevance of September as an important month for the Austrian pine growth. These preliminary results point out that some additional climate-Austrian pine growth studies (application of various tree-ring features, growth data with a much longer time span, more sites/stands, etc.) should be performed to obtain new and valuable knowledge important for the sustainable management of Austrian pine forests.
Comparison of Clinical Value between Right Distal Radial Artery Access and Right Radial Artery Access in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Fan Jianhua
Published: October 2020

Objective: To compare the feasibility and safety between right distal radial artery access and right radial artery accessin patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: On the basis of arterial access, 113 patients who underwent CAG or PCI in Kunshan Hospital of TraditionalChinese Medicine between January and October 2018 were divided into two groups: a right distal radial artery group (52 patients) and a right radial artery group (61 patients). We collected general information, the number of puncture attempts, access times, postoperative compression time, and complications.Results: The general characteristics, rate of successful radial artery puncture, and rate of successful catheter placement inthe two groups were not different. The right radial artery group had fewer puncture attempts (1.26 ± 0.44 times vs. 2.19 ± 0.53times, P = 0.001) and a shorter access time (3.23 ± 0.86 min vs. 4.77 ± 1.49 min, P = 0.001) than the right distal radial arterygroup. However, the postoperative compression time in the right distal radial artery group was shorter (3.44 ± 0.9 h vs.7.16 ± 1.21 h, P = 0.001). Two cases of bleeding, four cases of hematoma, and one case of artery occlusion in the right radialartery group and one case of hematoma in the right distal artery group occurred before discharge. The rate of total complicationsin the right distal radial artery group was lower than in the right radial artery group (1.93% vs. 11.48%, P = 0.048).Conclusion: CAG or PCI through the right distal radial artery is feasible and safe.
Development of Reinforced Extension Type Flexible Pneumatic Actuator with Circumferential Restraints and Its Application for Rehabilitation Device
Authors: Shimooka S. , Akagi T. , Dohta S. , Shinohara T. , Aliff M.
Published: October 2020

Based on super-aging society in Japan, a welfare pneumatic device to give passive exercise for the temporally injured elderly and disabled has been actively researched and developed. In previous study, based on opinions of Physical Therapist (PT) and Occupational Therapist (OT), a home-based rehabilitation device that could give passive exercise for patients using extension type flexible pneumatic actuators (EFPA), built-in quasi-servo valves and built-in displacement sensors using a wire type linear potentiometer was proposed and tested. However, the device did not have enough force and stiffness to drive shoulders with both arms. In this study, to get enough generated force and stiffness of the device, a parallel arranged EFPA reinforced with circumferential restraint was proposed and tested. The rehabilitation device for shoulder joint using the improved actuator was also proposed and tested. The built-in attitude control system using valves, sensors and an embedded controller was also developed. As a result, it can be confirmed that the device can give passive exercise with larger moving area and enough force and torque to move patient’s shoulder joint.
Influence of Pin Offset and Weave Pattern on the Performance of Al-Cu Joints Reinforced with Graphene Particles
Authors: Balasubramanian M. , Jayabalakrishnan D.
Published: October 2020

The friction stir welding technique is currently employed for different alloy combinations like magnesium, titanium, copper, nickel-based composites. Dissimilar materials may be efficiently joined by the process and this has been used in several structural applications such as automotive components, aircraft structure, shipbuilding, and space shuttle external tank and train bodies. Even though improvement in the joint strength was achieved, problems such as voids, tunnels, cracks persisted in the weldments. The objective is to achieve defect-free joints. Tool pin offset for joining of aluminum alloy enables better stirring action and an easy flow of plasticised material in the weld nugget. Hence, to overcome the above-mentioned problem, a technique of combined effect of weaving, tool pin offset, and reinforcement of self-lubricated graphene nanoplatelets was attempted. The tensile strength obtained with the effect of tool rotational speed under weave weld with pin offset condition with reinforcement was 13.82 % higher than the weld obtained under the same condition without reinforcement. IMCs such as AlCu, Al2Cu, and Al4Cu9 large size band layers were observed with the linear welding condition, whereas weave welding conditions resulted in the formation of the thin uniform layer.
The challenges of post-bariatric surgery hypocalcaemia in pre-existing hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Jones Annabel S , Warren Annabelle M , Bach Leon A , Sztal-Mazer Shoshana
Published: October 2020

Conventional treatment of hypoparathyroidism relies on oral calcium and calcitriol. Challenges in managing post-parathyroid- and post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia in patients with a history of bariatric surgery and malabsorption have been described, but postoperative management of bariatric surgery in patients with established hypoparathyroidism has not. We report the case of a 46-year-old woman who underwent elective sleeve gastrectomy on a background of post-surgical hypoparathyroidism and hypothyroidism. Multiple gastric perforations necessitated an emergency Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. She was transferred to a tertiary ICU and remained nil orally for 4 days, whereupon her ionised calcium level was 0.78 mmol/L (1.11–1.28 mmol/L). Continuous intravenous calcium infusion was required. She remained nil orally for 6 months due to abdominal sepsis and the need for multiple debridements. Intravenous calcium gluconate 4.4 mmol 8 hourly was continued and intravenous calcitriol twice weekly was added. Euthyroidism was achieved with intravenous levothyroxine. Maintaining normocalcaemia was fraught with difficulties in a patient with pre-existing surgical hypoparathyroidism, where oral replacement was impossible. The challenges in managing hypoparathyroidism in the setting of impaired enteral absorption are discussed with analysis of the cost and availability of parenteral treatments.

Learning points:

Management of hypoparathyroidism is complicated when gastrointestinal absorption is impaired.

Careful consideration should be given before bariatric surgery in patients with pre-existing hypoparathyroidism, due to potential difficulty in managing hypocalcaemia, which is exacerbated when complications occur.

While oral treatment of hypoparathyroidism is cheap and relatively simple, available parenteral options can carry significant cost and necessitate a more complicated dosing schedule.

International guidelines for the management of hypoparathyroidism recommend the use of PTH analogues where large doses of calcium and calcitriol are required, including in gastrointestinal disorders with malabsorption.

Approval of subcutaneous recombinant PTH for hypoparathyroidism in Australia will alter future management.
An Experimental Study on Rapid Localization of the Atrioventricular Node During Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Huang Qihong , Li Yangyang , Xiao Chunhui , Yang Yingjie , Zhu Minghua , Lu Guirong , Chen Ke , Song Shaohui , Jin Libo , Wu Hao
Published: October 2020

Background: To verify the validity and feasibility of using a mechanical compression method to locate the atrioventricular node in open-heart surgery.
Methods: Ten healthy miniature pigs were used to establish an animal model of the beating heart under cardiopulmonary bypass. During the operation, the atrioventricular node and its surrounding areas were stimulated by mechanical compression (mechanical compression method), and the occurrence of complete atrioventricular block was judged by real-time electrocardiograph monitoring and direct observation of the heart rhythm to identify the position of the atrioventricular node. The final localization of the atrioventricular node was determined using the iodine staining method, and the results were used as the "gold standard" to test the effectiveness and feasibility of the mechanical compression method for locating the atrioventricular node.
Results: With the beating heart model, complete atrioventricular block occurred after mechanical compression of the "atrioventricular node" area in 10 pigs. Nine pigs regained normal conduction immediately after the compression was released, and one pig failed to recover. No atrioventricular block or other arrhythmias occurred after mechanical compression of the "non-atrioventricular node" area. The sensitivity of the method was 86.6%, specificity was 100.0%, misdiagnosis rate was 0.0%, missed diagnosis rate was 13.4%, positive predictive value was 100.0%, negative predictive value was 97.9%, positive likelihood ratios were +∞, negative likelihood ratios were 13.4%, accuracy was 98.1%, and diagnostic odds ratio was +∞.
Conclusion: This study innovatively proposes the application of the mechanical compression method to locate the atrioventricular node during operation and preliminarily proves that this method is effective and feasible through animal experiments.