bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Management of Tethered Surgical Drains: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Laratta Joseph L. , Lombardi Joseph M. , Shillingford Jamal N. , Grosso Matthew J. , Lehman Ronald A. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Levine William N. , Riew K. Daniel
Published: September 2018

Background:

Tethered drains are a complication of drain usage and may result in unintentional retained broken drains, as well as anxiety and uncertainty for the surgeon and the patient. To date, no study has examined the optimal approach for management and removal of tethered drains.

Methods:

The study design sought to identify suture size, mechanism of drain fixation (through versus around), points of constriction (one versus multiple) and the efficacy of weighted traction as potential sources of tethered drains by means of four study arms. (1) Arm one compared drains sutured through the tubing versus a tight closure of the surrounding fascia, which were then subjected to weighted suspension. (2) Arm two compared drains sutured into the fascia using eight each of 4–0, 2–0 and 0 vicryl and then subject to manual traction. (3) Arm three compared drains sutured to the fascia through the tubing versus local tissue incarceration followed by manual traction. (4) Lastly, group four examined drains tethered at two distinct points after which they were subject to manual traction.

Results:

Our results showed a 25% drain retention rate when manual traction was applied to 0 vicryl and 2–0 vicryl suture. In contrast, there were no instances of drain retention when suture was closed with 4–0 vicryl. When evaluating for multiple points of fixation, drains tethered in two locations were retained in 87.5% of trials versus drains with a single tether point (25%) representing a statistical significance (P = 0.041). There was no difference in rates of drain retention when pierced through the tubing versus incarcerated in local fascia. Only one of the 16 drains was successfully removed by weighted suspension (8.3%). Attempts at manual traction following weighted suspension resulted in a 50% drain retention rate which was higher than the rates of immediate manual traction (18.8%).

Conclusion:

Our results found that manual traction is a reasonable first line approach to address drains tethered by all methods and suture sizes. The use of weighted traction for the management of tethered drains is less effective than manual traction and may result in more retained drain fragments.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
A Compatibility Guide for the Orthopaedic Surgeon Planning to Perform Hardware Removal Surgery
Authors: Riedel Matthew D. , Cronin Patrick K. , Kaiser Philip B. , Kwon John Y.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Removal of previously placed orthopaedic implants is a commonly performed procedure worldwide. Given the diversity of orthopaedic implant manufacturers, surgeons may be uncertain whether they have the appropriate screwdriver on site. The purpose of this study was to assess the compatibility of screw head and size configurations from various orthopaedic manufacturers with two commonly used universal screw removal sets.

Methods:

Inclusion of orthopaedic implant manufacturers was determined by market share based on industry-monitoring financial firms. Screw size and drive type for the top grossing orthopaedic implant manufacturers were collected and recorded. Screw and screwdriver compatibility was assessed and compared with two commonly used universal screw removal sets.

Results:

In total, six orthopaedic implant companies with commonly implanted screws throughout the appendicular skeleton were included. The data were compiled in table format with noncannulated, cannulated, and locking screw offerings separated by the screw size and manufacturer. Guidewire size compatibility for cannulated offerings was also assessed.

Conclusions:

Given the ubiquity of implanted orthopaedic implant, removal must be as safe, planned, and controlled as possible. The data in this article provide an inclusive, centralized resource for surgeons looking to confirm the compatibility of previously implanted screws and available removal equipment at their institution.
C5 Motor Palsy After Single- and Multi-level Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Wagner Scott C. , Sebastian Arjun S. , Butler Joseph S. , Kaye Ian D. , Morrissey Patrick B. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Kepler Christopher K.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

Postoperative C5 nerve root palsy is a known complication after cervical surgery. The effect of increasing number of levels fused on the prevalence of C5 palsy after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) is unclear.

Methods:

Medical records of ACDF patients that included the C4-5 level at one institution were retrospectively reviewed. C5 palsy was defined as motor decline of the deltoid and/or biceps brachii muscle function by at least 1 level on standard manual muscle testing.

Results:

A total of 196 patients met the inclusion criteria, with no significant differences noted between groups undergoing single- or multi-level ACDF. The overall C5 palsy rate was 5.1%. Palsy rates were not statistically significant based on the number of levels fused. Six of the 10 patients with C5 palsy had complete recovery of motor strength, whereas 2 patients had at least some level of strength recovery.

Conclusion:

The overall C5 palsy rate was 5.1% for all patients undergoing up to four-level ACDF. The rate of postoperative motor decline was lowest in the patients undergoing two-level ACDF and highest in the single-level group, but this finding did not reach statistical significance. The prognosis for strength recovery by final follow-up is excellent.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, Case-control
Een leven zonder legitieme? Erfrecht in Engeland en Wales
Authors: Beuker M.R.
Published: September 2018

Een leven zonder legitieme? Erfrecht in Engeland en Wales

In het intestaaterfrecht van Engeland en Wales heeft de langstlevende echtgenoot een sterke positie. Ook biedt het erfrecht er bescherming aan een gespecificeerde groep nabestaanden indien zij onvoldoende beschermd achterblijven op grond van intestaaterfrecht of testament. De Inheritance Act 1975 verschaft de rechter namelijk een discretionaire bevoegdheid om voorzieningen te treffen indien geen reasonable financial provision voor deze personen aanwezig is. Deze discretionaire benadering is flexibeler dan de Nederlandse legitieme portie, maar de rechtszekerheid vereist wel dat rechters aangeven welke factoren voor hen van doorslaggevend belang waren om tot een bepaald oordeel te komen.
Einblicke in das italienische Erbrecht – allgemeine Grundsätze, Ehegattenerbrecht und Pflichtteilsrecht
Authors: Christandl Gregor , Dallago Maximilian
Published: September 2018

Einblicke in das italienische Erbrecht – allgemeine Grundsätze, Ehegattenerbrecht und Pflichtteilsrecht

Der vorliegende Beitrag führt in die Grundprinzipien des italienischen Erbrechts ein und vertieft vor allem die Aspekte des Ehegattenerbrechts und des Pflichtteilsrechts. Es zeigt sich damit ein insgesamt reformbedürftiges Erbrecht, das geprägt von Verboten und Beschränkungen der Testierfreiheit nur wenig Spielraum lässt.
Roots of the Mongolian State: Genghis Khan’s Survival and Pragmatism as related in the Secret History of the Mongols
Authors: Bedeski Robert
Published: September 2018

The genesis of the first Mongol State (1206) was overseen and led by Genghis Khan, whose conquests remain a formidable historical series of events. The Secret History of the Mongols narrates his biography as a tale of surviving repeated life threats and defeating major enemies. From this history, I have extracted an existential framework to explain how he survived in a dangerous natural, social and political environment. The rise of this State compressed what occurred in most other historical States, and I will summarize my Anthrocentric Security Theory as general explanation of this phenomenon, drawing on Western philosophy, especially philosophical anthropology. The framework consists of four levels of Being - state of nature, life- community, State, and civil society. Each level has enabled humans to devise several Security Action Platforms from which are launched particular security actions, culminating in the State. Successful in three stages, but not in creating a civil society, the Mongol State assimilated and absorbed the strengths of natural men and life-communities, enabling the expansion into Eurasian empire under his sons and grandsons.
Mongolia In An Emerging Northeast Asian Region
Authors: Dierkes Julian , Jargalsaikhan Mendee
Published: September 2018

The regional integration of Northeast Asia is far behind other regions.Recent developments on the Korean Peninsula offer the possibility of a trajectory toward integration. Any regionalization would be in Mongolia’s national interest.Mongolia’s material contribution to regional integration would be limited. However, Mongolia could contribute greatly to the regionalization processes We highlight such process contributions: (1) the provision of neutral ground for dialogue between conflicting parties; (2) hosting peacekeeping and disaster-relief exercises; (3) promoting non-governmental connections; and (4) serving as an example for political and economic transition. If US-DPRK negotiations result in positive steps, Mongolia could contribute expertise in the establishment of a nuclear-weapon free zone.
Que educação é pública? A privatização de um direito.
Authors: Borghi Raquel Fontes
Published: September 2018

Em seu livro 1984, George Orwell apresenta uma distopia que denuncia as mazelas do totalitarismo e a restrição da liberdade, na figura do ‘Grande Irmão’. Sob essa inspiração, este artigo constitui um ensaio teórico que tem por objetivo discutir o avanço dos processos de privatização no campo da educação e a relação atual entre o público e o privado. A partir das pesquisas realizadas pela autora no âmbito do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Política Educacional (GREPPE), desenvolvemos o ensaio em resposta à questão originariamente formulada por Atria (2009) para o contexto chileno, qual seja: Que educação é pública? Como considerações finais, aponta-se que o atual ‘Grande Irmão’ é o Mercado e que os processos de privatização vêm se dando em um contexto de expropriação do direito à educação e colocando em cheque a perspectiva e o ideal de universalidade da educação. A questão ‘Que educação é pública?’ está hoje em disputa.
A história da escola estadual comunitária rural de Colatina: relatos de protagonistas
Authors: Oliveira Rosângela Pereira de , Oliveira Ozerina Victor de
Published: September 2018

O texto relata pesquisa sobre a história da Escola Estadual Comunitária Rural Colatina (EECOR). A problematização centra-se no debate sobre a possibilidade de uma escola vinculada ao Estado constituir-se em perspectiva decolonial e na compreensão das estratégias de construção de um processo investigativo com esse sentido. O suporte epistemológico da pesquisa está relacionado à análise histórico-crítica, a história como movimento no qual os processos sociais se relacionam e se transformam intrinsecamente, numa abordagem teórica que se alinha às concepções das epistemologias do Sul e da pedagogia freiriana. A metodologia do estudo compreendeu uma abordagem qualitativa com uso de pesquisa participante, numa perspectiva teórica e prática que assume a investigação como produção coletiva de conhecimento. Os instrumentos escolhidos foram a análise de documentos e as entrevistas narrativas com os principais protagonistas do processo de constituição da escola, a partir das quais foram constituídas as categorias de análise. Os resultados apontam que a Pedagogia da Alternância pode fornecer práticas de resistência que contribuem com a construção de uma perspectiva decolonial para a Educação do Campo.
SCHWARCZ, Lilia Moritz. O espetáculo das raças: cientistas, instituições e questão racial no Brasil – 1870-1930
Authors: Romão José Eustáquio , Frias Fernando Vinicius Gonçalves
Published: September 2018

.
NiO nanoparticles prepared by the
sol-gel method for a dye sensitized
solar cell applications
Authors: Szindler M. , Szindler M.M , Dobrzański L.A. , Jung T.
Published: September 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to synthesized NiO nanostructures by sol-gel method
and characterized them for use in dye sensitized solar cells. For this purpose, a paste prepared
from nanoparticles was prepared and screen printed on a glass substrate with the FTO layer.
Design/methodology/approach: Nickel oxide nanoparticles was synthesized with
participation of nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate and citric acid. The prepared nanopowder
has been subjected to structural analysis using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images were taken with a Zeiss Supra 35. Qualitative
studies of chemical composition were also performed using the Energy Dispersive
Spectrometer (EDS). The structure of nickel oxide was investigated by X-ray crystallography.
An average crystallite size were calculated using Scherrer method and Williamson-Hall
analysis. Light harvesting efficiency LHE was calculated from measured absorbance.
Findings: The uniform nickel oxide nanoparticles with spherical shape were successfully
produced by sol-gel method. The diameter of the as prepared nanoparticles does not
exceed 25 nm which is confirmed by the XRD and TEM analysis. The light harvesting
efficiency of the electrode in the entire studied range it’s over 90%. Therefore the NiO can
be an attractive alternative to the most commonly used TiO2.
Research limitations/implications: The next step in the research will be to investigate
the ZnO/NiO composite on the properties of the photoelectrode of dye sensitized solar cell.
Practical implications: The unique properties of produced NiO nanostructural materials
have caused their interest in such fields as medicine, transparent electronics and photovoltaics.
Originality/value: The NiO nanoparticles were prepared using sol-gel method and then
effectively used in the photoanode of dye sensitized solar cell.
Density of tin, silver and copper
Authors: Korobeinikov I.I. , Chebykin D. , Yu X. , Seetharaman S. , Volkova O.
Published: September 2018

Purpose: Purpose of this paper is to report on the development of a new density measure-
ment cell.
Design/methodology/approach: Measurement cell based on Archimedean principle and
consisting of induction furnace and a high/precision balance was applied for measurement
of tin, silver and copper density.
Findings: It was found that new cell is suitable for high temperature measurement of liquid
metals density at temperatures from 700 to 1520°C. Measurement results are in a good
agreement with the literature values. Density deviates by 0.5-1% depending on the metal.
Research limitations/implications: Accuracy of the density measurement decreases
at temperatures below 700°C due to oxidation of the melt surface. More accurate data on
thermal expansion coefficient for sinker material is required.
Practical implications: Experiments showed applicability of the new measurement cell.
Archimedean principle is among the most sensitive density measurement techniques. New
cell will be further used for measurement of iron-based alloys. Problems of measurements
are discussed.
Originality/value: Paper describes application of the known density measurement
technique. The paper is of interest for the material scientists working with high-temperature
thermophysical properties measurements and users of thermophysical properties data.
Par3 interacts with Prickle3 to generate apical PCP complexes in the vertebrate neural plate
Authors: Chuykin Ilya , Ossipova Olga , Sokol Sergei Y
Published: September 2018

Vertebrate neural tube formation depends on the coordinated orientation of cells in the tissue known as planar cell polarity (PCP). In the Xenopus neural plate, PCP is marked by the enrichment of the conserved proteins Prickle3 and Vangl2 at anterior cell boundaries. Here we show that the apical determinant Par3 is also planar polarized in the neuroepithelium, suggesting a role for Par3 in PCP. Consistent with this hypothesis, interference with Par3 activity inhibited asymmetric distribution of PCP junctional complexes and caused neural tube defects. Importantly, Par3 physically associated with Prickle3 and promoted its apical localization, whereas overexpression of a Prickle3-binding Par3 fragment disrupted PCP in the neural plate. We also adapted proximity biotinylation assay for use in Xenopus embryos and show that Par3 functions by enhancing the formation of the anterior apical PCP complex. These findings describe a mechanistic link between the apical localization of PCP components and morphogenetic movements underlying neurulation.
Effect of changes in the fractal structure of a littoral zone in the course of lake succession on the abundance, body size sequence and biomass of beetles
Authors: Pakulnicka Joanna , Zawal Andrzej
Published: September 2018

Dystrophic lakes undergo natural disharmonic succession, in the course of which an increasingly complex and diverse, mosaic-like pattern of habitats evolves. In the final seral stage, the most important role is played by a spreadingSphagnummat, which gradually reduces the lake’s open water surface area. Long-term transformations in the primary structure of lakes cause changes in the structure of lake-dwelling fauna assemblages. Knowledge of the succession mechanisms in lake fauna is essential for proper lake management. The use of fractal concepts helps to explain the character of fauna in relation to other aspects of the changing complexity of habitats. Our 12-year-long study into the succession of water beetles has covered habitats of 40 selected lakes which are diverse in terms of the fractal dimension. The taxonomic diversity and density of lake beetles increase parallel to an increase in the fractal dimension. An in-depth analysis of the fractal structure proved to be helpful in explaining the directional changes in fauna induced by the natural succession of lakes. Negative correlations appear between the body size and abundance. An increase in the density of beetles within the higher dimension fractals is counterbalanced by a change in the size of individual organisms. As a result, the biomass is constant, regardless of the fractal dimension.
Wind-driven spume droplet production and the transport ofPseudomonas syringaefrom aquatic environments
Authors: Pietsch Renee B. , Grothe Hinrich , Hanlon Regina , Powers Craig W. , Jung Sunghwan , Ross Shane D. , Schmale III David G.
Published: September 2018

Natural aquatic environments such as oceans, lakes, and rivers are home to a tremendous diversity of microorganisms. Some may cross the air-water interface within droplets and become airborne, with the potential to impact the Earth’s radiation budget, precipitation processes, and spread of disease. Larger droplets are likely to return to the water or adjacent land, but smaller droplets may be suspended in the atmosphere for transport over long distances. Here, we report on a series of controlled laboratory experiments to quantify wind-driven droplet production from a freshwater source for low wind speeds. The rate of droplet production increased quadratically with wind speed above a critical value (10-m equivalent 5.7 m/s) where droplet production initiated. Droplet diameter and ejection speeds were fit by a gamma distribution. The droplet mass flux and momentum flux increased with wind speed. Two mechanisms of droplet production, bubble bursting and fragmentation, yielded different distributions for diameter, speed, and angle. At a wind speed of about 3.5 m/s, aqueous suspensions of the ice-nucleating bacteriumPseudomonas syringaewere collected at rates of 283 cells m−2 s−1at 5 cm above the water surface, and at 14 cells m−2 s−1at 10 cm above the water surface. At a wind speed of about 4.0 m/s, aqueous suspensions ofP. syringaewere collected at rates of 509 cells m−2 s−1at 5 cm above the water surface, and at 81 cells m−2 s−1at 10 cm above the water surface. The potential for microbial flux into the atmosphere from aquatic environments was calculated using known concentrations of bacteria in natural freshwater systems. Up to 3.1 × 104 cells m−2 s−1of water surface were estimated to leave the water in potentially suspended droplets (diameters <100 µm). Understanding the sources and mechanisms for bacteria to aerosolize from freshwater aquatic sources may aid in designing management strategies for pathogenic bacteria, and could shed light on how bacteria are involved in mesoscale atmospheric processes.
Tumor-preventing activity of aspirin in multiple cancers based on bioinformatic analyses
Authors: Li Diangeng , Wang Peng , Yu Yi , Huang Bing , Zhang Xuelin , Xu Chou , Zhao Xian , Yin Zhiwei , He Zheng , Jin Meiling , Liu Changting
Published: September 2018

Background

Acetylsalicylic acid was renamed aspirin in 1899, and it has been widely used for its multiple biological actions. Because of the diversity of the cellular processes and diseases that aspirin reportedly affects and benefits, uncertainty remains regarding its mechanism in different biological systems.

Methods

The Drugbank and STITCH databases were used to find direct protein targets (DPTs) of aspirin. The Mentha database was used to analyze protein–protein interactions (PPIs) to find DPT-associated genes. DAVID was used for the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The cBio Cancer Genomics Portal database was used to mine genetic alterations and networks of aspirin-associated genes in cancer.

Results

Eighteen direct protein targets (DPT) and 961 DPT-associated genes were identified for aspirin. This enrichment analysis resulted in eight identified KEGG pathways that were associated with cancers. Analysis using the cBio portal indicated that aspirin might have effects on multiple tumor suppressors, such as TP53, PTEN, and RB1 and that TP53 might play a central role in aspirin-associated genes.

Discussion

The results not only suggest that aspirin might have anti-tumor actions against multiple cancers but could also provide new directions for further research on aspirin using a bioinformatics analysis approach.
Academic Physician and Trainee Occupational Well-Being by Sexual and Gender Minority Status
Authors: Streed Carl G. , Navarra May , Halem Jessica , Stewart Miriam T. , Rowe Susannah G.
Published: November 2024

Importance

Few studies have explored the association between sexual and gender minority (SGM) status and occupational well-being among health care workers.

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of burnout, professional fulfillment, intent to leave, anxiety, and depression by self-reported SGM status.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional survey study collected data from October 2019 to July 2021, from 8 academic medical institutions participating in the Healthcare Professional Well-Being Academic Consortium. The survey, including questions on SGM status, was administered to attending physicians and trainees. Statistical analyses were performed from June 1, 2023, to February 29, 2024.

Exposure

SGM status was determined via self-reported sexual orientation and gender identity.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes measured were the Professional Fulfillment Index (burnout and professional fulfillment), intent to leave, and self-reported anxiety and depression using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System short-form 4-item measure.

Results

Of 20 541 attendings and 6900 trainees, 8376 attendings and 2564 trainees responded and provided SGM status. Of these respondents, 386 attendings (4.6%) and 212 trainees (8.3%) identified as SGM. Compared with their non-SGM peers, SGM attendings had a lower prevalence of professional fulfillment (133 of 386 [34.5%] vs 3200 of 7922 [40.4%]) and a higher prevalence of burnout (181 of 382 [47.4%] vs 2791 of 7883 [35.4%]) and intent to leave (125 of 376 [33.2%] vs 2433 of 7873 [30.9%]) (all P < .001). Compared with their non-SGM peers, SGM trainees had a lower prevalence of professional fulfillment (63 of 211 [29.9%] vs 833 of 2333 [35.7%]) and a higher prevalence of burnout (108 of 211 [51.2%] vs 954 of 2332 [40.9%]) (both P < .001). After adjusting for age and race and ethnicity, SGM attendings had higher odds of burnout than their non-SGM peers (adjusted odds ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.27-1.94]; P < .001). Results for burnout were similar among the SGM trainees compared with their non-SGM peers (adjusted odds ratio, 1.47 [1.10-1.96]; P = .01).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional survey study of academic physicians and trainees, SGM attendings and trainees had higher levels of burnout and lower levels of professional fulfillment. SGM attendings had greater intent to leave than their non-SGM peers, but trainees did not. These disparities represent an opportunity for further exploration to retain SGM health care workers.
Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in US Psychiatric Hospitals
Authors: Cohen Shawn M. , Beetham Tamara , Fiellin David A. , Muvvala Srinivas B.
Published: November 2024

This cross-sectional study examines the availability of medications for opioid use disorder in psychiatric hospitals in the US.
Handling Domain Drift and Unknown Fault Detection in Rotating Machinery Using Few‐Shot Learning With Data Scaling
Authors: Lin Yung‐Min , Kang Jia‐Lin , Yao Yuan
Published: November 2024

This article presents a novel approach for fault diagnosis in rotating machinery using the few‐shot learning‐based unknown recognition and classification (FSLB‐UR&C) model. The core contribution of this research lies in addressing the challenges of domain drift, unknown fault detection, and uneven sampling intervals. The model effectively incorporates data scaling using Min–Max scaling to manage vibration data drift without altering the source data distribution, significantly extending the classification range. Principal component analysis visualizations substantiate the superior performance of Min–Max scaling over standard methods in processing drifted data, thus enhancing model accuracy. We validated the model on an in‐house bearing simulator and a coal conveyor motor, demonstrating its enhanced ability to classify drifted data and identify previously unknown faults. Additionally, time interpolation was applied to handle irregular sampling intervals, further optimizing the framework's robustness. Compared to other deep learning techniques, the FSLB‐UR&C model with data scaling exhibits markedly improved performance.
Non‐Destructive and Mechanical Characterization of the Bond Quality of Co‐Extruded Titanium‐Aluminum Profiles
Authors: Mohnfeld Norman , Dewidar Ahmed , Qarbi Karim , Wester Hendrik , Schäfke Florian Patrick , Verschinin Alexej , Maier Hans Jürgen , Barton Sebastian , Klose Christian , Uhe Johanna
Published: November 2024

The transportation industry aims to improve energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions, with a focus on reducing vehicle mass. A key method involves advanced lightweight construction techniques using materials like aluminum alloys. Research is concentrated on developing processes to combine different materials into reinforced hybrid components, such as aluminum and titanium. This study focuses on the lateral angular co‐extrusion (LACE) process to produce hybrid hollow profiles of EN AW‐6082 and Ti6Al4V, investigating the impact of the thermomechanical processing during extrusion and heat treatment (HT) on the resulting bond quality and material properties. Various HT routes are tested to see their impact on intermetallic phase formation, longitudinal weld seams, and bonding strength. Mechanical testing evaluates the tensile strength of the joining zone, while nondestructive ultrasonic testing (UT) assesses joining zone integrity and poor bonding detection. Results indicate that HT parameters significantly influence the bond quality and mechanical properties of hybrid profiles. UT data shows a strong correlation with tensile strength and intermetallic phase growth, providing a nondestructive way to evaluate bond quality. This study highlights the potential of LACE processes and optimized HT strategies to improve the performance and reliability of aluminum–titanium hybrid components.
A Strong and Tough Ion‐gel Enabled by Hierarchical Meshing and Ion Hybridizations Collaboration
Authors: Peng Wenxuan , Zhao Jiamin , Li Qiuxian , Sun Yue , Du Guoli , Tang Fangyuan , Liu Yongfei , Hu Qingdi , Li Xusheng , Nie Shuangxi
Published: November 2024

Ion‐gels, with inherent flexibility, tunable conductivity, and multi‐stimulus response, have attracted significant attention in flexible/wearable electronics. However, the design of ion‐gels that exhibit both strength and toughness is challenging. In this study, a novel ion‐gel design is proposed that mimics the hierarchical meshing structure of leaves in combination with ion hybridization. Polyacrylamide (PAM) is incorporated in TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNFs) clusters by in situ polymerization, generating a hydrogel with micro/nanoscale entangled networks. Replacement of water by a metal halide ionic liquid ([BMIm]ZnxCly) in the hydrogel resulted in the formation of an ion hybrid network with supramolecular interactions. The integration of the PAM/TOCNF polymer network with [BMIm]ZnxCly resulted in ion‐gels with high strength (5.9 MPa), toughness (22 MJ m−3), and enhanced elastic modulus (30 MPa) combined with non‐flammability, heat and cold resistance. While having fast responsiveness (36 ms) of sensing signal and stability of power supply even at 4000 cycle collisions. Stable signal output even at high (200 °C) /sub‐zero temperatures. The proposed strategy offers a new approach to the material design of flexible/wearable electronics.
Fibrous Pb(II)‐Based Coordination Polymer Operable as a Photocatalyst and Electrocatalyst for High‐Rate, Selective CO2‐to‐Formate Conversion
Authors: Suppaso Chomponoot , Nakazato Ryosuke , Nakahata Shoko , Kamakura Yoshinobu , Ishiwari Fumitaka , Saeki Akinori , Tanaka Daisuke , Kamiya Kazuhide , Maeda Kazuhiko
Published: November 2024

A nonporous [Pb(tadt)]n (tadt = 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2,5‐dithiolate) coordination polymer, KGF‐9, with a 2D infinite (−Pb−S−)n structure has been previously reported as a precious‐metal‐free photocatalyst for selective CO2‐to‐formate conversion under visible light. In the present work, a microwave (MW)‐assisted solvothermal reaction is used to synthesize KGF‐9 with improved physicochemical properties and catalytic activity. Compared with KGF‐9 prepared by the previously reported methods, that prepared by the new synthesis route exhibited a greater specific surface area, greater crystallinity, and greater photoconductivity. These improved properties led to a drastic increase of the apparent quantum yield (AQY) for selective formate production, from 2.6 to 25% at 400 nm; this AQY represents a record‐high value among reported heterogeneous photocatalysts for CO2‐to‐formate conversion. Interestingly, the AQY for formate production is unchanged irrespective of the light intensity (0.04–14 mW cm−2), indicating little contribution of charge accumulation in the bulk during the reaction (i.e., indicating efficient charge transport to surface reactants). When composited with Ketjen Black, KGF‐9 enabled the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formate in aqueous solution while maintaining a high selectivity. A high‐rate reduction of CO2 to formate with a total absolute current density of 200–300 mA cm−2 is achieved, with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of >90%.
Mechanochemical Damage Self‐Repairable Photothermal Anti/De‐Icing Superhydrophobic Coating by Dynamic Bonding Phase‐Change Fillers with the Matrix
Authors: Yang Xiangming , Liu Yan , Zhong Yuting , Chen Hui
Published: November 2024

The development of robust superhydrophobic coatings with the capacity for self‐healing against mechanochemical damage is pivotal for their practical deployment. This study develops a physically and chemically self‐healing superhydrophobic coating with exceptional durability for anti‐icing applications using a simple spray coating method. This is achieved by incorporating phase‐change fillers into a dynamic cross‐linked matrix via dynamic imine bonds. Specifically, oleylamine (ODA) is encapsulated within rigid diatomite nanopores and modified with dopamine (DOA), significantly enhancing the grafting efficiency of aminopropyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (NH₂‐PDMS‐NH₂) (N‐DOA). The incorporation of 15% N‐DOA increases the water contact angle (WCA) of the acrylic resin/aminopropyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (AR/NH₂‐PDMS‐NH₂) matrix to 159.7° and reduces the sliding angle (SA) to 2.9°, while also improving the mechanical durability of coating to withstand 600 abrasion cycles. The dynamic imine bonds between NH₂‐PDMS‐NH₂ and trimesic acid (BTC) facilitate the mobility of N‐DOA and NH₂‐PDMS‐NH₂, enabling rapid recovery of superhydrophobic properties and low ice adhesion strength after abrasions, scratches, oxygen plasma etching, and multiple de‐icing cycles due to the synergistic phase‐change effect of ODA. Thus, the self‐healing coating produced via this simple spray method presents a novel approach for superhydrophobic coatings in anti‐icing applications.
Visual Piezoresistive Dual‐Response Sensor Based on CaZnOS: Mn Mechanoluminescence Materials
Authors: Yu Junwen , Liu Yun , Niu Quanwang , Wang Xiangfu , Yan Xiaohong
Published: November 2024

The ability to achieve real‐time movement visualization in piezoresistive sensors remains a challenge. A visual piezoresistive sensor to perceive the intensity of mechanical stimuli and visible spatial location information is designed based on the mechanoluminescence material CaZnOS: Mn. The linearity, detection range, sensitivity, and stability of the sensor are tested, and the sensing mechanism of the sensor is discussed, and the relationship between force, resistance, and light intensity is established. A 5 × 5 sensor array is prepared to realize the visual detection of dynamic force trajectory, and combined with a convolutional neural network and random forest algorithm, the human writing number and pressure characteristics are recognized, and the writing path and handwriting of the robot arm are controlled by multi‐feature input. The experimental results show that the machine learning algorithm is very reliable with an accuracy of 98.33% for digit recognition and 97.21% for identity recognition. The visual piezoresistive pressure sensor provides a new idea for the visualization of flexible pressure and promotes the development of flexible sensors towards integration and intelligence.
Dimethyl Fumarate Augments Anticancer Activity of Ångstrom Silver Particles in Myeloma Cells through NRF2 Activation
Authors: Wu Ben , Wang Zhen‐Xing , Xie Hui , Xie Ping‐Li
Published: November 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy characterized by relapse and drug resistance. This study investigates the potential of angstrom‐scale silver particles (F‐AgÅPs) to selectively target and eliminate MM cells, focusing on their susceptibility and underlying mechanisms. F‐AgÅPs are synthesized using a pure physical high‐efficiency evaporation‐condensation method and coated with fructose, and their cytotoxic effects on MM cell lines are evaluated through cell viability assays and flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are measured to elucidate oxidative stress, while the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) is examined via western blotting and quantitative PCR. In vivo, the therapeutic potential of F‐AgÅPs is assessed using a MM xenograft mouse model. F‐AgÅPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity in MM cells at low concentrations, with higher ROS levels leading to oxidative damage and NRF2 accumulation. This effect is mitigated by the ROS scavenger N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine. Additionally, the NRF2 activator dimethyl fumarate (DMF) enhanced F‐AgÅPs‐induced cytotoxicity in vitro and suppressed myeloma growth in vivo. These findings suggest that combining DMF with F‐AgÅPs is a promising therapeutic strategy for MM, effectively targeting ROS‐induced oxidative damage through NRF2 activation.
Configurationally Stepping Confinement Achieved Tunable Chiral Near‐Infrared Luminescence Supramolecular Phenothiazine Organic Framework
Authors: Yu Jie , Niu Jie , Xu Xiufang , Liu Yu
Published: November 2024

Herein, thermally responsive reversible chiral supramolecules are reported, constructed by the chirality transfer from tripeptides to achiral network supramolecular organic frameworks (SOF) based on configurationally stepping confinement, which displayed not only highly selective reversible chirality transfer but also efficient enhanced near‐infrared (NIR) luminescence. Taking advantage of macrocyclic confinement, CB[8] separately encapsulated two kinds of tetracationic bis(phenothiazines) derivatives (G1, G2) at 2:1 stoichiometric to form organic 2D SOFs, efficiently enhancing 12.6 fold NIR luminescence and blueshifted from 705 to 680 nm for G1, and redshifted from 695 to 710 nm for G2, respectively. Uncommonly, the tripeptide coassembled with two kinds of achiral noncovalent frameworks (G1/CB[8] or G2/CB[8]) displayed different opposite circular dichroism signals based on different binding modes and affinity, achieving chirality transfer from tripeptide to organic supramolecular assemblies with further enhanced NIR fluorescence up to 46.2 times and the quantum yield (QY) increased from 0.71% to 10.29% for G2/CB[8], showing reversible chirality transfer and tunable NIR fluorescence under thermal stimulus. Therefore, the current research has achieved controllable chirality transfer from tripeptide to the SOFs and the enhancement of tunable NIR fluorescence, which is successfully applied in thermal responsive chiral logic gates, information encryption, and cell imaging.
Fe‐N‐C in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Impact of Ionomer Loading on Degradation and Stability
Authors: Pedersen Angus , Snitkoff‐Sol Rifael Z. , Presman Yan , Dubau Laetitia , Cai Rongsheng , Barrio Jesús , Haigh Sarah J. , Maillard Frédéric , Stephens Ifan E. L. , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena , Elbaz Lior
Published: November 2024

Fe single atoms in N‐doped C (Fe‐N‐C) present the most promising replacement for carbon‐supported Pt‐based catalysts for the O2 reduction reaction at the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, it remains unclear how the I/C ratio affects Fe‐N‐C degradation and the stability of single Fe atom active sites (FeNx). Here, an accelerated stress test (AST) protocol is combined with emerging electrochemical techniques for a porous Fe‐N‐C in PEMFC with a range of I/C ratios. The PEMFC current density degradation rates are found to be comparable; however, with increased I/C ratio the additional FeNx sites accessed are more stable, as shown by their higher active site stability number (electrons passed per FeNx lost) at the end of the AST protocol. Meanwhile, the initial rate of TOF decay is suppressed with increasing I/C. Electrochemical process changes are studied via distribution of relaxation times analysis. Minor changes in H+ and O2 transport resistance at low current density prove kinetic degradation dominants at high potentials. These findings demonstrate how electrochemical techniques can be combined with stability metrics to determine and deconvolute changes from the active site to device level electrochemical processes in PEMFCs.
Optical Genome Mapping (OGM) Identifies Multiple Structural Variants in a Case With Atypical Phelan‐McDermid Syndrome
Authors: Macke Erica L. , Miller Anthony R. , Colwell Caitlyn M. , Gonzalez Maria Hernandez , Hunter Jesse , Venkata Lakshmi Prakruthi Rao , Walker Lauren , Wheeler Gregory , Wilson Richard K. , Mardis Elaine R. , Miller Katherine E. , Mathew Mariam T. , Chaudhari Bimal P. , Akkari Yassmine
Published: November 2024

Here we describe a neonate exhibiting hypotonia, macrocephaly, renal cysts, and respiratory failure requiring tracheostomy and ventilator support. Genetic analysis via rapid genome sequencing (rGS) identified a loss on chromosome 4 encompassing polycystin‐2 (PKD2) and a loss on chromosome 22 encompassing SH3 and Multiple Ankyrin Repeat Domains 3 (SHANK3), indicative of Phelan‐McDermid syndrome. Further analysis via traditional karyotyping, Optical Genome Mapping (OGM), and PacBio long‐read sequencing revealed a more complex landscape of chromosomal rearrangements in this individual, including a balanced 3;12 translocation, and an unbalanced 17;22 translocation. The proband's phenotypic presentation is thought to be the result of Phelan‐McDermid syndrome and represents an expansion of the described phenotypes to include significant respiratory failure. This study underscores the challenges and importance of comprehensive genetic testing in elucidating complex presentations and highlights the need for complementary testing methods to overcome limitations in resolution.
Aging and frailty are associated with inflammatory endotypic shifts in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Krysinski Mason R. , Dorismond Christina , Trivedi Yash , Lubner Rory , Lopez Andrea A. , Rubel Kolin , Chandra Rakesh K. , Chowdhury Naweed I. , Turner Justin H.
Published: November 2024

Key points

Frailty and aging are associated with a shift toward non‐type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Frailty‐related shifts in sinonasal inflammatory mediators may be linked to biological senescence.

Understanding the role of aging and frailty in CRS may have important treatment implications.
Plasma Alzheimer's disease biomarker variability: Amyloid‐independent and amyloid‐dependent factors
Authors: Lee Eun Hye , Kang Sung Hoon , Shin Daeun , Kim Young Ju , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Gonzalez‐Ortiz Fernando , Ashton Nicholas J. , Cheon Bo Kyoung , Yoo Heejin , Ham Hongki , Yun Jihwan , Kim Jun Pyo , Kim Hee Jin , Na Duk L. , Jang Hyemin , Seo Sang Won ,   the K‐ROAD study group
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

We aimed to investigate which factors affect plasma biomarker levels via amyloid beta (Aβ)‐independent or Aβ‐dependent effects and improve the predictive performance of these biomarkers for Aβ positivity on positron emission tomography (PET).

METHODS

A total of 2935 participants underwent blood sampling for measurements of plasma Aβ42/40 ratio, phosphorylated tau 217 (p‐tau217; ALZpath), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels using single‐molecule array and Aβ PET. Laboratory findings were collected using a routine blood test battery.

RESULTS

Aβ‐independent factors included hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for p‐tau217 and hemoglobin, eGFR, and triiodothyronine (T3) for GFAP and NfL. Aβ‐dependent factors included apolipoprotein E genotypes, body mass index status for Aβ42/40, p‐tau217, GFAP, and NfL. However, these factors exhibited negligible or modest effects on Aβ positivity on PET.

DISCUSSION

Our findings highlight the importance of accurately interpreting plasma biomarkers for predicting Aβ uptake in real‐world settings.

Highlights

We investigated factor–Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarker associations in a large Korean cohort.

Hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate affect the biomarkers independently of brain amyloid beta (Aβ).

Apolipoprotein E genotypes and body mass index status affect the biomarkers dependent on brain Aβ.

Addition of Aβ‐independent factors shows negligible effect in predicting Aβ positivity.

Adjusting for Aβ‐dependent factors shows a modest effect in predicting Aβ positivity.
Effective Proton Conduction in Quasi‐Solid Zinc‐Manganese Batteries via Constructing Highly Connected Transfer Pathways
Authors: Liu Zhexuan , Qin Mulan , Fu Biao , Li Mingzhu , Liang Shuquan , Fang Guozhao
Published: November 2024

Elusive ion behaviors in aqueous electrolyte remain a challenge to break through the practicality of aqueous zinc‐manganese batteries (AZMBs), a promising candidate for safe grid‐scale energy storage systems. The proposed electrolyte strategies for this issue most ignore the prominent role of proton conduction, which greatly affects the operation stability of AZMBs. Here we report a water‐poor quasi‐solid electrolyte with efficient proton transfer pathways based on the large‐space interlayer of montmorillonite and strong‐hydration Pr3+ additive in AZMBs. Proton conduction is deeply understood in this quasi‐solid electrolyte. Pr3+ additive not only dominates the proton conduction kinetics, but also regulates the reversible manganese interfacial deposition. As a result, the Cu@Zn||α‐MnO2 cell could achieve a high specific capacity of 433 mAh g−1 at 0.4 mA cm−2 and an excellent stability up to 800 cycles with a capacity retention of 92.2 % at 0.8 mA cm−2 in such water‐poor quasi‐solid electrolyte for the first time. Ah‐scale pouch cell with mass loading of 15.19 mg cm−2 sustains 100 cycles after initial activation, which is much better than its counterparts. Our work provides a new path for the development of zinc metal batteries with good sustainability and practicality.
High Charge Carrier Mobility in Porphyrin Nanoribbons
Authors: Zhu He , Wen Guanzhao , Zheng Wenhao , Rees Nicholas H. , Stawski Wojciech , Wang Hai I. , Bonn Mischa , Anderson Harry L.
Published: November 2024

Polydisperse edge‐fused nickel(II) porphyrin nanoribbons have been synthesized by Yamamoto coupling followed by gold(III)‐mediated fusion, with average degrees of polymerization of up to 37 repeat units (length 31 nm). Time‐resolved optical‐pump terahertz spectroscopy measurements indicate that photo‐generated charge carriers have dc mobilities of up to 205 cm2 V−1 s−1 in these nanoribbons, exceeding the values previously reported for most other types of nanoribbon or π‐conjugated polymer.
Robuste Bisulfit‐freie Einzelmolekül‐Echtzeitsequenzierung von Methyldesoxycytidin auf der Grundlage eines neuartigen hpTet3‐Enzyms
Authors: Sahin Hanife , Salehi Raheleh , Islam Shariful , Müller Markus , Giehr Pascal , Carell Thomas
Published: November 2024

Neben den vier kanonischen Nukleosiden dA, dG, dC und T enthält die genomische DNA die zusätzliche Base 5‐Methyldesoxycytidin (mdC). Die Anwesenheit dieses methylierten Cytidin‐Nukleosids in Promotorregionen oder Genkörpern beeinflusst die Transkriptionsaktivität des entsprechenden Gens erheblich. Folglich sind die Methylierungsmuster von Genen entscheidend dafür, ob Gene stillgelegt oder aktiviert werden. Die Sequenzierung der mdC‐Positionen im Genom ist daher für die Krebsfrüherkennung von größter Bedeutung, da sie hilft, eine fehlerhafte Genexpression zu erkennen. Derzeit ist die Bisulfit‐Methode der Goldstandard für die mdC‐Sequenzierung. Diese Methode hat jedoch den Nachteil, dass der größte Teil der Ausgangs‐DNA während der Bisulfit‐Behandlung zerstört wird. Außerdem ist die Bisulfit‐Sequenzierung anfällig für Fehler. Wir berichten hier über eine schonende, bisulfitfreie mdC‐Sequenzierungsmethode, die wir als EMox‐seq bezeichnen und auf der Einzelmolekül‐SMRT‐Sequenzierung der dritten Generation beruht. Die Grundlage unserer Technologie ist ein neues Tet3‐Enzym, das mdC effizient zu 5‐Carboxycytidin (cadC) oxidiert. CadC wiederum liefert mit speziell trainierten KI‐basierten Algorithmen ein hervorragendes Signal bei der SMRT‐Sequenzierung.