bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HDL-cholesterol confers sensitivity of immunotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via remodeling tumor-associated macrophages towards the M1 phenotype
Authors: Luo Fan , Cao Jiaxin , Chen Qun , Liu Lusha , Yang Ting , Bai Xue , Ma Wenjuan , Lin Chaozhuo , Zhou Ting , Zhan Jianhua , Huang Yan , Yang Yunpeng , Zhao Hongyun , Zhang Li
Published: June 2024

Background

The sustained effectiveness of anti-programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 treatment is limited to a subgroup of patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and the specific biomarker determining the response to immunotherapy in NPC remains uncertain.

Methods

We assessed the associations between pre-immunotherapy and post-immunotherapy serum lipoproteins and survival in a training cohort (N=160) and corroborated these findings in a validation cohort (N=100). Animal studies were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, the relationship between high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and M1/M2-like macrophages, as well as activated CD8+T cells in tumor tissues from patients with NPC who received immunotherapy, was investigated.

Results

The lipoproteins cholesterol, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1), and apolipoprotein B, were significantly altered after immunotherapy. Patients with higher baseline HDL-C or ApoA1, or those with increased HDL-C or ApoA1 after immunotherapy had longer progression-free survival, a finding verified in the validation cohort (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that baseline HDL-C and elevated HDL-C post-immunotherapy were independent predictors of superior PFS (p<0.05). Furthermore, we discovered that L-4F, an ApoA1 mimetic, could inhibit tumor growth in NPC xenografts. This effect was associated with L-4F’s ability to polarize M2-like macrophages towards an M1-like phenotype via the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, thereby alleviating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, in patients with NPC with high plasma HDL-C levels, the number of M2-like macrophages was significantly decreased, while M1-like macrophages and activated CD8+T cells were notably increased in those with high HDL-C levels.

Conclusion

Higher baseline HDL-C levels or an increase in HDL-C post-immunotherapy can enhance immunotherapeutic responses in patients with NPC by reprogramming M2-like macrophages towards the M1 phenotype. This suggests a potential role for prospectively exploring ApoA1 mimetics as adjuvant agents in combination with immunotherapy.
Effect of loading nanoparticles on thermodynamic behavior of water during freezing within storage tank
Authors: Rothan Yahya Ali
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the simulation of freezing within a cold storage unit is undertaken, featuring a container equipped with distinctive branch-shaped fins attached to the lower cold surface. The primary mode of freezing is conduction, causing the simplification of governing equations and resulting in two key equations. The Galerkin method is employed for numerical modeling, accompanied by an adaptive grid for enhanced accuracy. Unsteady terms are discretized using implicit formulation, and the resulting numerical procedure is rigorously validated against benchmarks, revealing commendable accuracy. To enhance cold storage efficiency, a dual approach is introduced, extending beyond conventional fin applications to include nanoparticles dispersed within the water. This approach significantly amplifies the system’s performance by enhancing the conduction mode of heat transfer. Two pivotal variables, the volume fraction ([Formula: see text]) of the nanofluid and its shape factor (m), are central to the investigation. Notably, the presence of nanoparticles results in a minimum freezing period of 8.08[Formula: see text]s, while the longest process takes 11.6[Formula: see text]s. Further exploration reveals that an increase in both m and [Formula: see text] correlates with a notable decrease in the freezing period, reducing by 9.97% and 30.33%, respectively. This study advances understanding of cold storage dynamics and introduces innovative methods for optimizing efficiency. The strategic use of branch-shaped fins and the incorporation of nanoparticles represent crucial breakthroughs in heat transfer. The findings underscore the importance of considering these factors for optimal performance, making this study a pivotal contribution to cold storage technology.
Application Analysis of Music Video Retrieval Technology Based on Dynamic Programming in Piano Performance Teaching
Authors: Huang Linna
Published: June 2024

With the development of Internet technology, music videos on the network are becoming increasingly rich. How to extract concert video clips for specific scenes or shots from massive video libraries or ultra-long video files is a relatively difficult issue. Traditional music video retrieval methods are mostly based on key text retrieval. However, they cannot meet the needs of users. At the same time, in response to the demand for specific videos in piano performance teaching, it is also difficult for these methods to filter out key music clips from numerous videos. Therefore, a music video retrieval technology is constructed based on video feature similarity calculation. Aiming at the shortcomings of video similarity calculation methods, a dynamic programming algorithm is used to improve it. The improved music video retrieval technology is applied to the classroom learning practice of piano performance teaching, verifying the actual effect of this technology. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the music video retrieval technology reaches 91.02%. After being applied to piano classroom teaching, the overall performance of students has been improved. This shows that the proposed music video retrieval technology can effectively achieve the retrieval of required videos and improve the effectiveness of piano classroom teaching.
About this title - The Emergence of Geophysics: Journeys into the Twentieth Century
Authors: Howarth R. J.
Published: June 2024

Intended for Earth scientists and historians of science, this well-illustrated book recounts the development of the understanding of magnetic, electric, gravitational, seismic, thermal, geodynamic and radioactive phenomena; the subsequent emergence of ‘physics of the Earth’ (which became ‘geophysics’) as a unique study area, and its instrumentation. Biographical information is given for many of the investigators.
Upregulation of TCPTP in Macrophages Is Involved in IL‐35 Mediated Attenuation of Experimental Colitis
Authors: Zhang Baoren , Sun Chenglu , Zhu Yanglin , Qin Hong , Kong Dejun , Zhang Jingyi , Shao Bo , Li Xiang , Ren Shaohua , Wang Hongda , Hao Jingpeng , Wang Hao
Published: June 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with complex etiology. Interleukin‐35 (IL‐35), as a cytokine with immunomodulatory function, has been shown to have therapeutic effects on UC, but its mechanism is not yet clear. Therefore, we constructed Pichia pastoris stably expressing IL‐35 which enables the cytokines to reach the diseased mucosa, and explored whether upregulation of T‐cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) in macrophages is involved in the mechanisms of IL‐35‐mediated attenuation of UC. After the successful construction of engineered bacteria expressing IL‐35, a colitis model was successfully induced by giving BALB/c mice a solution containing 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Mice were treated with Pichia/IL‐35, empty plasmid‐transformed Pichia (Pichia/0), or PBS by gavage, respectively. The expression of TCPTP in macrophages (RAW264.7, BMDMs) and intestinal tissues after IL‐35 treatment was detected. After administration of Pichia/IL‐35, the mice showed significant improvement in weight loss, bloody stools, and shortened colon. Colon pathology also showed that the inflammatory condition of mice in the Pichia/IL‐35 treatment group was alleviated. Notably, Pichia/IL‐35 treatment not only increases local M2 macrophages but also decreases the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 in the colon. With Pichia/IL‐35 treatment, the proportion of M1 macrophages, Th17, and Th1 cells in mouse MLNs were markedly decreased, while Tregs were significantly increased. In vitro experiments, IL‐35 significantly promoted the expression of TCPTP in macrophages stimulated with LPS. Similarly, the mice in the Pichia/IL‐35 group also expressed more TCPTP than that of the untreated group and the Pichia/0 group.
Global Value Chain and the Changing Roles of Country and Industry Effects in International Portfolio Diversification
Authors: Chen Song , Yang Rui , Hou Xiaohui , Zhao Jingwen
Published: June 2024

We find that in the upstream status of global value chain, country effects are relatively stronger than industry effects; industry effects dominate country effects downstream of the global value chain. During financial crisis, downstream in the value chain, the influence of industry effects waned and country effects rose. Moreover, for developed countries, the negative impact of the upstream status of value chain weakened considerably; the impact of upstream status strengthened for emerging markets after the subprime mortgage crisis. For tradable industries, the negative impact of global value chain upstream status on pure industry‐specific returns strengthens significantly.
Enhancing the Antimicrobial Activity of a Vinyl‐Coated Fabric Product by Using a Dual Multilayered Organic‐Inorganic Additive System
Authors: Combariza Cristina , Montes de Oca-Vásquez Gabriela , Batista-Menezes Diego , Corrales-Ureña Yendry , Acelas Mauricio , Bautista Mayka , Lasprilla-Botero Juliana
Published: June 2024

Biocide additives are a crucial component in the manufacturing of vinyl‐coated fabrics as they prevent the colonization of microorganisms that may significantly reduce the lifespan of these materials. In this study, we have constructed a vinyl‐coated fabric product entailing the addition of an organic biocide in the compact layer and a silver‐based inorganic biocide in the topcoat layer. The multilayered addition of this dual protective system to the coated fabric rendered an outstanding antimicrobial efficacy that persisted after exposure to real conditions of use that included high temperature, surface cleaning, and abrasion cycles. Changes in the morphology and chemistry of the surface after exposure were monitored by ATR‐FTIR, SEM‐EDS, and apparent water contact angle measurements. These results were also correlated with the antimicrobial efficacy (E. coli and S. aureus) and cell adhesion analysis. Remarkably, the antimicrobial efficacy remained over a 2.0 index even after severe surface wear. In this way, it was demonstrated that the simultaneous use of these two different additives provided a significant reduction in the cell adhesion properties of the vinyl‐coated fabric surface. Thus, the combination of biocides in different layers of the vinyl‐coated fabric herein presented can serve as the starting point for the future development of high‐quality vinyl‐coated fabrics with enhanced and long‐lasting antimicrobial properties to be used in marine outdoor and healthcare environments.
Intracellular Osteopontin Promotes the Release of TNFα by Mast Cells to Restrain Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sulsenti Roberta , Scialpi Giuseppina B. , Frossi Barbara , Botti Laura , Ferri Renata , Tripodi Irene , Piva Annamaria , Sangaletti Sabina , Pernici Davide , Cancila Valeria , Romeo Francesco , Chiodoni Claudia , Lecis Daniele , Bianchi Francesca , Fischetti Irene , Enriquez Claudia , Crivelli Filippo , Bregni Marco , Renne Giuseppe , Pece Salvatore , Tripodo Claudio , Pucillo Carlo E. , Colombo Mario P. , Jachetti Elena
Published: June 2024

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive form of prostate cancer that emerges as tumors become resistant to hormone therapies or, rarely, arises de novo in treatment-naïve patients. The urgent need for effective therapies against NEPC is hampered by the limited knowledge of the biology governing this lethal disease. Based on our prior observations in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) spontaneous prostate cancer model, in which the genetic depletion of either mast cells (MC) or the matricellular protein osteopontin (OPN) increases NEPC frequency, we tested the hypothesis that MCs can restrain NEPC through OPN production, using in vitro co-cultures between murine or human tumor cell lines and MCs, and in vivo experiments. We unveiled a role for the intracellular isoform of OPN, so far neglected compared with the secreted isoform. Mechanistically, we unraveled that the intracellular isoform of OPN promotes TNFα production in MCs via the TLR2/TLR4-MyD88 axis, specifically triggered by the encounter with NEPC cells. We found that MC-derived TNFα, in turn, hampered the growth of NEPC. We then identified the protein syndecan-1 (SDC1) as the NEPC-specific TLR2/TLR4 ligand that triggered this pathway. Interrogating published single-cell RNA-sequencing data, we validated this mechanism in a different mouse model. Translational relevance of the results was provided by in silico analyses of available human NEPC datasets and by immunofluorescence on patient-derived adenocarcinoma and NEPC lesions. Overall, our results show that MCs actively inhibit NEPC, paving the way for innovative MC-based therapies for this fatal tumor. We also highlight SDC1 as a potential biomarker for incipient NEPC.
FIGURE 4 from Nucleolar Localization of the RNA Helicase DDX21 Predicts Survival Outcomes in Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: Aljardali Marwa W. , Kremer Kevin M. , Parker Jessica E. , Fleming Elaine , Chen Hao , Lea Jayanthi S. , Kraus W. Lee , Camacho Cristel V.
Published: June 2024

DDX21 nucleolar localization associates with PARP1 expression and decreased survival outcomes. A and B, Representative immunohistochemical staining of PARP1 and DDX21 from endometrial (A) and ovarian (B) cancer commercial tissue microarrays (left) and box plots showing quantification of nucleolar DDX21 intensity in low versus high PARP1 endometrial (A) and ovarian (B) cancer samples (right). Student t test; ****, P < 0.0001. B, Representative IHC images from advanced stage endometrioid endometrial cancer patient samples showing low versus high nucleolar DDX21 staining by IHC. Kaplan–Meier curves showing high nucleolar localization of DDX21 is significantly associated with decreased OS (P-value = 0.0155; D) and PFS (P-value = 0.0092; E) in patients with advanced stage endometrioid endometrial cancer. Total n = 39 (number of patients with low DDX21 nucleolar staining = 14; number of patients with high DDX21 nucleolar staining = 25). log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.
FIGURE 3 from Nucleolar Localization of the RNA Helicase DDX21 Predicts Survival Outcomes in Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: Aljardali Marwa W. , Kremer Kevin M. , Parker Jessica E. , Fleming Elaine , Chen Hao , Lea Jayanthi S. , Kraus W. Lee , Camacho Cristel V.
Published: June 2024

Nucleolar DDX21 predicts PARPi sensitivity and niraparib decreases cell growth in endometrial and ovarian cancers. A and B, Dose–response curves showing increasing concentrations of niraparib significantly decreasing cell viability in endometrial (A) and ovarian cancer cells (B) assayed by crystal violet staining. C, Table showing the IC50 values of niraparib in Ishikawa, HEC-1-A, KLE, OVCAR3, and OVCAR4 cells as calculated from experiments in A and B. Table also shows values for the relative levels of DDX21 as measured by immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blot (WB). Basal levels of DDX21, without any treatment in ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines examined by immunofluorescence (D) and Western blotting (E). Correlation plots showing DDX21 intensity (y-axis) as measured by IF (F) and Western blot (G), and calculated IC50 of niraparib (x-axis). n = 3 (per cell line). Each point corresponds to a different replicate and different cell lines are colored differently; Correlation analysis; *, P < 0.05. H, PARP1 inhibition with niraparib significantly decreases the proliferation of endometrial and ovarian cancer cell lines. Bar graphs showing quantification of the growth of cells at day 6 with different concentrations of niraparib. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM; n = 3. Bars marked with asterisks are significantly different; Student t test; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
FIGURE 2 from Nucleolar Localization of the RNA Helicase DDX21 Predicts Survival Outcomes in Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: Aljardali Marwa W. , Kremer Kevin M. , Parker Jessica E. , Fleming Elaine , Chen Hao , Lea Jayanthi S. , Kraus W. Lee , Camacho Cristel V.
Published: June 2024

PARP1 inhibition prevents ribosome biogenesis and decreases protein translation. Treatment with niraparib significantly decreases rRNA subunit (18S) production in endometrial (A) and ovarian (B) cancer cells as assayed by qPCR. Each bar represents the mean + SEM; n = 3. Bars marked with asterisks are significantly different; Student t test; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. Puromycin incorporation is diminished with niraparib treatment in endometrial (C) and ovarian (D) cancer cells as assayed by Western blotting. E and F, Quantification of puromycin incorporation assay from C and D, respectively. Each bar represents the mean + SEM; n = 3. Bars marked with asterisks are significantly different; Student t test; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.
Correlation Between Visual Acuity and Severity Stages of Primary Angle-Clousure Glaucoma
Authors: Nurul Syifa Kurnia  , Kadri Husnil , Ilahi Fitratul
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG) is a major contributor to global irreversible blindness due to the closure of the angle and subsequent intraocular pressure elevation. Preventing permanent angle closure becomes pivotal in averting blindness linked to PACG. Visual impairment in PACG may occur acutely or chronically. This study aims to investigate the impact of PACG severity, assessed through cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), on the visual acuity of affected patients.
Objective: The primary objective is to assess the correlation between PACG severity stages, measured by CDR indicative of glaucomatous cupping, and visual acuity in PACG patients.
Methods: Conducted as a cross-sectional observational study, this research took place at the Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. The study enrolled 50 patients meeting clinical criteria, and data were subjected to Spearman's correlation test, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: The majority of PACG patients (54%) either did not experience or had not experienced visual impairment, and most were classified under moderate PACG (64%). Bivariate analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between visual acuity and PACG severity based on CDR (r=0.709).
Conclusion: This study establishes a significant positive correlation, indicating that greater CDR, reflecting increased PACG severity, is associated with poorer visual acuity. Recognizing this association is crucial for developing targeted interventions and preventing irreversible visual loss in PACG patients.
UK rider reported falls in a 12-month period: circumstances and consequences
Authors: Marlin D.J. , Williams J.M.
Published: June 2024

Anecdotally, horse-riding is a ‘dangerous sport’, often grouped with activities such as motorcycling, skiing, parachuting, bull-riding, and rugby. This opinion is increasingly supported by evidence from retrospective analysis of trauma centre admissions for equestrian related incidents (ERI’s), albeit from relatively low numbers. The most common approach to reducing severity of ERI’s has focussed on encouraging the wearing of riding helmets and to a lesser extent, air-jackets and or body-protectors. Horse riders in the UK were surveyed to ascertain their experience of falls while riding in the preceding 12 months. A total of 3,757 responses were received with a subset of 1,977 complete surveys analysed. The majority of respondents were female (97%, n = 1,914). Falling off once in the last 12 months was most common (53.4%; n = 1,055); 24.2% (n = 478) had fallen off twice, 11.4% (n = 225) three times and 6.5% (n = 129) more than 5 times. Respondents were asked to specify the activity they were undertaking when their last fall occurred; hacking/trail riding (25.9%; n = 513), schooling on the flat (25.8%; n = 511) and showjumping schooling (19.4%; n = 384) were the three most common activities where falls took place. Horses changing direction rapidly (40.9%; n = 808) or rearing/bucking (23.8%; n = 470) were the most common reasons for rider falls, with most (73%; n = 1,443) riders falling off the side of the horse. Riders were most likely to injure their back (51%; n = 1,008), shoulders (39%; n = 771) or pelvis (37%; n = 731) when they fell off, but most injuries were self-rated as minor. Severe injuries as a result of a fall were more common when the riders’ head, back, shoulder or ankle was injured. A variety of factors appear to be involved in rider falls from horses, and many of these may be modifiable and hence preventable.
George Green's Voice: A Concept for Studying the History of Young People
Authors: Quitmann Susanne
Published: June 2024

Using the example of George Green and British child migration of the late nineteenth and twentieth century, this article aims at reconceptualizing ‘voice’ for the study of marginalized historical figures. Young people are particularly revealing subjects for the reconceptualization of voice: they were and are perceived as pure yet malleable, loud yet mute in the historical record. Criticizing the use of voice as a self-explanatory metaphor, charged with a liberal, democratic ideal, this article addresses four inherent analytical problems: the search for authenticity, the neglect of voices’ non-narrative dimension, the neglect of non-verbal voices and the one-dimensional interpretation of silences. The case of George Green lends itself to a demonstration of the epistemological potential of the analytical concept of voice as it touches on various aspects of voice: legal voices, vocal practices and sound as well as silences in the production, recording, archiving and excavation of marginalized voices.
Commercial aviation and the military: Aerolíneas Argentinas during the last two dictatorships (1966–1973 and 1976–1983)
Authors: Piglia Melina
Published: June 2024

This work deals with the policies concerning Aerolíneas Argentinas, Argentina's flag carrier, during two periods of authoritarian rule: the self-titled Revolución Argentina (1966–1973) and Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (1976–1983). The article seeks to explain the apparent contradiction between the contrasting economic policies of the two dictatorships (one “developmentalist”, the other neo-liberal), and the coherent trajectory of Aerolíneas, characterised by the efforts to implement a more efficient commercial management; the transformation of the fleet, the focus of domestic operations on profitable trunk routes; and finally, the boosting of international aviation. The central argument is that this consistency was the result of two factors: firstly, the fact that since 1955 Aerolíneas and aerocommercial policy were part of the sphere of action of the Argentine Air Force. Secondly, that between 1966 and 1968, the AAF was able to overcome its acute internal disputes and reach a consensus on the direction of airline policy.
Women, leadership, and movements: A critical look at the past, present, and future
Authors: Zurlo Gina A. , Coles Dave
Published: June 2024

New indigenous movements to Christ are taking place in many parts of the world today, especially in Asia and Africa, generally described as church-planting movements or disciple-making movements. There is significant diversity among these movements in terms of their origins, worship, practices, and languages. Movement leaders have come to different conclusions about the most appropriate ministry roles for women. Although it is impossible to know what share of movements are led by women, a significant number have women leaders as part of the movement’s natural growth and immediate needs. This article offers a descriptive analysis of women’s roles in emerging movements by considering examples from history and the present. How might women’s leadership within emerging movements today be challenged as these movements grow and potentially institutionalize? This article aims to provide historical context to that question to help Christians think clearly about the future as it relates to women’s leadership roles in new indigenous movements.
Reshaping Azbakeya in Central Cairo: A Treasure of Green Threatened by Harsh Gray Infrastructure
Authors: Armengol Carles Crosas , Vallverdú Aleix Saura
Published: June 2024

This article explores the urban transformation of Azbakeya in the heart of Central Cairo. Currently identified as a gray transportation hub at the confluence of viaducts and tunnels, it has been a key catalyst for the city’s changes, encapsulating the historical impact of both blue and green infrastructure in the unique context of a desert city. Azbakeya serves as a compelling case study, showcasing relevant shifts in the city’s history: evolving from a formidable lagoon integral to the city’s canals and ponds to its desiccation, emerging to a green center that would be modeled after the finest Parisian parks, just before its decay due to the city’s motorization. Set to reclaim its role as a metropolitan cornerstone, the research informs the present and future of this special piece in Cairo, emphasizing the significance of central nodes in the future of more sustainable, inclusive, and verdant metropolises.
Challenging conventions: Reconsidering the indication for endovenous ablation in CEAP 2 patients
Authors: Guven Hakan , Taner Temmuz , Atasoy Mustafa Selcuk
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Endovenous ablation may not always be necessary for every patient with chronic venous insufficiency who has an indication for endovenous ablation. This study investigates whether compression stockings and Daflon® can be as effective for some patients with CEAP two in chronic venous insufficiency. Methods: In this study, 137 patients who had endovenous ablation indication received plethysmographical hemodynamic tests and were divided into two groups. Group 1 had normal venous hemodynamics and received compression stockings and Daflon®. Group 2 had abnormal function and received laser ablation. All patients were reevaluated after 6 months. Results: The study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 in the 6th month measurements after the treatments. Conclusion: As a result, we do not find it appropriate and do not recommend that every patient with complaints of chronic venous insufficiency and an indication for endovenous ablation undergo ablation without evaluating lower extremity venous hemodynamics.
Role of neuroimaging markers on predicting of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Balık Ayşe Özlem , Akıncı Okan , Yıldız Selçuk , Hasırcı Bayır Buse Rahime , Ulutaş Can
Published: June 2024

Background

The goals of neuroimaging in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) are the exclusion of mimickers and effective management of disease. In recent studies, several imaging markers have been identified as potential predictors of IIH.

Purpose

To investigate the predictive roles of novel radiological markers as the Meckel's cave area, alongside classical radiologic markers in identifying IIH such as the empty sella.

Material and Methods

The patients were classified according to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure as the IIH group and control group. The observational, case-control study included 22 patients with IIH and 22 controls. Groups were compared for presence of empty sella, Meckel's cave area, fat area of posterior neck, fat thickness of scalp, presence of transverse sinus stenosis, and ophthalmic markers, such as increase of optic nerve (ON) sheath diameter.

Results

In the IHH group, higher occurrences of increased ON sheath diameter, ON tortuosity, flattening of the scleral surface, and transverse sinus stenosis were observed ( P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.046, and P = 0.021, respectively). Meckel's cave area and fat area of posterior neck were similar in both groups ( P = 0.444 and P = 0.794).

Conclusion

Ophthalmic markers and transverse sinus stenosis could be utilized as radiologic features supporting early and precise diagnosis of IIH. However, enlargement of Meckel's cave area and measurements of fatty area of posterior neck are not helpful for diagnosis of IIH.
Study on the influence of unsteady casting on the flow characteristics and behavior of liquid steel in tundish
Authors: Deng Aijun , Wu Zhengyi , Sun Taoan , Xia Yunjin , Wang Haichuan
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the flow characteristics and behavior of liquid steel in a six-strand tundish under unsteady casting state are studied by means of the combination of numerical and physical simulation. The results show that there is no obvious change in the consistency of the flow response of each flow medium in the unsteady casting state, but the flow characteristics and behavior of the liquid steel in the tundish will be greatly affected. At the same time, the fluctuation of the liquid level is enhanced, and the wave height difference is inconsistent at different positions affected by the change of flow state, among which the fluctuation is the strongest at position 5. Compared with the normal casting state, the blocking flow can change the original flow state and path. The dead zone volume fraction is increased by 1–1.5 times, the average residence time of liquid steel is increased, and the removal rate of inclusions is increased by 2.22%, 2.65% and 3.40%, respectively. The flow behavior of liquid steel in the tundish changes when the casting speed is changed. When the casting speed of outlet1 is increased, the removal rate of inclusions decreased by 1.14% on average, and the dead zone volume fraction decreased by 4.3% under the physical simulation results. When the outlet3 casting speed is reduced or the casting speed of each strand is reduced, the removal rate of fine inclusions is improved, the removal rate of inclusions increases by 2.39% and 11.42% respectively, but the dead zone volume fraction increases and the overall fluidity of liquid steel becomes worse. In addition, variable casting speed increases the instability of steel surface, and the liquid surface flow rate is basically proportional to the casting speed. When the liquid surface velocity is greater than 0.1 m/s, the protection slag has the risk of being blown open and exposed. It often occurs near the inlet of ladle nozzle. At the same time, the fluid dead zone critical velocity of 0.008 m/s defined in this study can be used for velocity calibration of fluid dead zone, and its accuracy is mutually verified by numerical and physical simulations.
Identities in Hybridity: Jasnath Sampraday of the Bikaner Region and Ismailism in Rajasthan
Authors: Bahadur Etee
Published: June 2024

The objective of the article is to look at the formation of identities, as their cultural forms and practices grew with multiple and diverse tendencies. This led to the occurrence of different trends of thought that were seen to bring together different traditions. These came with their own string of tensions and accommodations. This becomes important as we understand a region’s history and culture. These multiple cultural tendencies and communities can be looked at in terms of cultural categories and, therefore, the concept of a ‘cultural fault line’ between the two religious communities. These could also be looked at as processes of ‘exchange’ ‘sharing’ ‘borrowing’ or processes connected to liminality and ‘liminal’ traditions, as has been noted by scholars. One such community is the Jasnathi Sampraday, which belonged to the remote region of the Thar Desert. Guru Jasnath, the founder of the Jasnath Sampraday, belonged to the peasant community of the Jat cultivators. The article looks at the hagiography, the devotional literature, the teachings that emphasised environmental concerns and the practice of Ratri Jagran (night vigil), whereby the Jasnathi Siddhs explain the Jasnath banis to their followers of the Jasnathi Sampraday.
The Unseen Targets of Hate: A Systematic Review of Hateful Communication Datasets
Authors: Yu Zehui , Sen Indira , Assenmacher Dennis , Samory Mattia , Fröhling Leon , Dahn Christina , Nozza Debora , Wagner Claudia
Published: June 2024

Machine learning (ML)-based content moderation tools are essential to keep online spaces free from hateful communication. Yet ML tools can only be as capable as the quality of the data they are trained on allows them. While there is increasing evidence that they underperform in detecting hateful communications directed towards specific identities and may discriminate against them, we know surprisingly little about the provenance of such bias. To fill this gap, we present a systematic review of the datasets for the automated detection of hateful communication introduced over the past decade, and unpack the quality of the datasets in terms of the identities that they embody: those of the targets of hateful communication that the data curators focused on, as well as those unintentionally included in the datasets. We find, overall, a skewed representation of selected target identities and mismatches between the targets that research conceptualizes and ultimately includes in datasets. Yet, by contextualizing these findings in the language and location of origin of the datasets, we highlight a positive trend towards the broadening and diversification of this research space.
Research and Development of Short-Term Interventions for K–3 Students Having Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior Disorders
Authors: Walker Hill M. , Paine Stanley C. , Crossen John R.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the goals, development, and outcomes of a three-stage research and development model used to produce short-term intervention programs for behavior disorders in elementary schools. This R & D effort spanned the 1971-1979 academic years and was administered by the Center at Oregon for Research in Behavioral and Emotional Health (CORBEH). It was supported by a large federal center grant to the University of Oregon. Four intervention programs were developed and validated across the three research stages of our CORBEH R & D model—two were on externalizing disorders (disruption, aggression) and two were on internalizing disorders (social withdrawal, low academic survival skills). The RECESS program for socially negative-aggressive students was used to illustrate how the R & D model operated, worked in actual implementation practice, and accounted for its behavioral outcomes.
Person-Centered Coordinated Care Experience of People With Long-Term Conditions in the Balearic Islands Measured by the P3CEQ
Authors: Mercadal-Orfila Gabriel , Herrera-Pérez Salvador , Piqué Núria , Mateu-Amengual Francesc , Ventayol-Bosch Pedro , Maestre-Fullana Maria Antonia , Serrano-López de las Hazas Joaquin Ignacio , Fernández-Cortés Francisco , Barceló- Sansó Francesc , Rios Santiago
Published: June 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to use the Person-Centered Coordinated Care Experience Questionnaire (P3CEQ) to assess the experience of person-centered coordinated care among people with long-term conditions in the Balearic Islands, Spain.

Methods:

Over 1300 participants receiving treatment for chronic conditions or HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis were invited to complete the P3CEQ and a socio-demographic questionnaire, both administered electronically via the Naveta app. The P3CEQ assesses the key domains of the P3C through an 11-item questionnaire. Items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 10 assess specifically person-centredness (PC subscale), while items 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 measure care coordination (CC subscale; question 7 includes 4 sub-questions to specifically assess care plans). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics and P3CEQ items scores. Data analysis included chi-squared test of independence, Student’s t-test and analysis of variance test. Pairwise comparisons were adjusted by Bonferroni correction.

Results:

The P3CEQ and a socio-demographic questionnaire were sent to 1313 individuals (651 men, 657 women, 5 ‘other gender’). A response rate of 35.34% was achieved, with 464 P3CEQ responders (223 men and 241 women). Significant differences in response rates were observed by age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, membership of patient organizations, and use of alternative medicine. Care planning was rated significantly lower than other measured domains. Women experienced less person-centered care than men (16.64 vs 17.91) and rated care coordination worse than their male counterparts (9.18 vs 10.23). There were also differences in scores between medical condition types, with cancer and inflammatory bowel disease patients rating highest for both person-centered care (21.20 and 19.13, respectively) and care coordination (10.70 vs 10.88, respectively). Patients with skin and rheumatic diseases rated lowest their experience of person-centered care. People with higher education and those employed or studying experienced better person-centeredness.

Conclusion:

Using the P3CEQ, we detected significant differences in the care experiences of people with chronic conditions, suggesting the need to address potential gender biases, social inequalities, and the poorer ratings observed for certain conditions in the study population.
Manufacturing and behavioral analysis of functionally graded material fabricated via wire arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Veeman Dhinakaran , Subramaniyan Mohan Kumar , Browne Micheal Agnelo , Muthu Kumar Tharun Kumar
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the application of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) for fabricating functionally graded materials (FGMs), focusing on FGM walls (SS 347/316L) using gas metal arc welding. FGMs offer advantages for parts requiring dissimilar welding, providing seamless material transitions without compromising properties. Targeting critical sectors like marine, aerospace, and pressure vessels, the fabricated FGM wall demonstrates superior characteristics, including enhanced tensile strength and microstructural properties compared to traditional wrought alloys. The FGM exhibits a strength of 3.47% greater than that of the stronger material (SS 347), with a simulated strength of 539.9 MPa. The outcomes of the tensile test show a simulated error percentage of less than 1% (0.534%). The study also highlights the potential of WAAM in producing high-performance materials for demanding applications such as aircraft engines, nuclear reactors, and oil and gas pipelines, emphasizing its significance in industrial settings.
Synergistic and Additive Effects of Herbal Medicines in Combination with Chemotherapeutics: A Scoping Review
Authors: Jung Taehun , Cheon Chunhoo
Published: June 2024

Background:

Natural products are increasingly gaining interest as potential new drug candidates for cancer treatment. Herbal formula, which are combinations of several herbs, are primarily used in East Asia and have a long history of use that continues today. Recently, research exploring the combination of herbal formulas and chemotherapy for cancer treatment has been on the rise.

Methods:

This study reviewed research on the co-administration of herbal formulas and chemotherapy for cancer treatment. The databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were used for article searches. The following keywords were employed: “Antineoplastic agents,” “Chemotherapy,” “Phytotherapy,” “Herbal medicine,” “Drug synergism,” and “Synergistic effect.” The selection process focused on studies that investigated the synergistic interaction between herbal formulas and chemotherapeutic agents.

Results:

Among the 30 studies included, 25 herbal formulas and 7 chemotherapies were used. The chemotherapy agents co-administered included cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel, doxorubicin, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and gemcitabine. The types of cancer most frequently studied were lung, breast, and colon cancers. Most studies evaluating the anticancer efficacy of combined herbal formula and chemotherapy treatment were conducted in vitro or in vivo.

Discussion:

Most studies reported synergistic effects on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and tumor growth inhibition. These effects were found to be associated with cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenesis, and gene expression regulation. Further studies leading to clinical trials are required. Clinical experiences in East Asian countries could provide insights for future research.
Who is on Show? Globalization of Private Contemporary Art Museums in China
Authors: Kharchenkova Svetlana , Merkus Lisa-Marie
Published: June 2024

Sociological research on global flows of visual art has primarily investigated artistic presence in the organizations located at the center of the art world. This article shifts the focus to a country outside the traditional center, as it investigates the nationalities of artists who have exhibited at the recently emerged private contemporary art museums in China. It demonstrates that Chinese artists dominate in their exhibitions, which points to a home bias. However, there is also evidence of a cultural hierarchy, with the dominance of a small number of European countries and the USA, and of the regional dominance of East Asian countries. The article demonstrates that a focus on a country outside the center enables us to see the prominence of regional cultural flows in the globalization of visual art. Moreover, it shows that private museums, which are relatively independent of state control, are an important venue to show non-Chinese contemporary artists in present-day China. The increase in non-Chinese artists in exhibitions over time, which is due to the establishment of new private museums, suggests the rising, albeit tentative, centrality of China globally in terms of the importance of its institutions. This article contributes to research on globalization in the sociology of art, and to the understanding of the dynamics of local and transnational cultural flows in contemporary China.
PARP inhibitors in non-ovarian gynecologic cancers
Authors: Fernandes Italo , Chehade Rania , MacKay Helen
Published: June 2024

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) have transformed the treatment of ovarian cancer, particularly benefiting patients whose tumors harbor genomic events that result in impaired homologous recombination (HR) repair. The use of PARPi over recent years has expanded to include subpopulations of patients with breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. Their potential to benefit patients with non-ovarian gynecologic cancers is being recognized. This review examines the underlying biological rationale for exploring PARPi in non-ovarian gynecologic cancers. We consider the clinical data and place this in the context of the current treatment landscape. We review the development of PARPi strategies for treating patients with endometrial, cervical, uterine leiomyosarcoma, and vulvar cancers. Furthermore, we discuss future directions and the importance of understanding HR deficiency in the context of each cancer type.
Radial Tunnel Syndrome in a Collegiate Baseball Pitcher: A Case Report
Authors: McCourt Alex , Pazik Marissa , Roach Ryan P. , Harkins Toby , Zeppieri Giorgio , Matthias Robert , Farmer Kevin W.
Published: June 2024

A Division I baseball pitcher presented with chronic forearm pain in his throwing arm while pitching. Physical examination was remarkable for point tenderness over the radial tunnel. A postexertion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed edema around the posterior interosseous nerve. The patient underwent decompression of the nerve along with radial tunnel release, which resulted in full resolution of symptoms and return to full baseball activities. Radial tunnel syndrome is a rare phenomenon but can occur in throwing athletes. MRI immediately after a pitching session aided in accurate diagnosis and successful surgical management.
A rare presentation of abdominal castleman disease: A case report
Authors: Khanna Seema , Rani DA , Kumar S , Gupta SK
Published: June 2024

Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is a rare benign lymphoid proliferative disease having solitary or multiple lesions in adjacent organs, limited to the same lymphoid region. Among all the affected stations, mesenteric localization of UCD is very rare and often misdiagnosed due to the absence of typical clinical and imaging features, making preoperative diagnosis difficult. Complete surgical resection remains the standard of care, which shows curative intent in 90% of patients. We report a rare case of an adolescent male with abdominal UCD who presented with intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and a firm, mobile lump in the right lower abdomen. Hematological parameters were within normal limits. Ultrasound raised suspicion of mesenteric mass in the right paraumbilical region which on contrast-enhanced CT scan was suggestive of benign mesenteric mass/desmoid tumor. Intraoperatively, a 10 × 9 cm mesenteric mass was noted in the right paraumbilical region attached to root of mesentery along with an inflamed appendix. Excision of the mesenteric mass with appendectomy was done. Histopathology was suggestive of Angio Follicular Lymphoid Hyperplasia (Castleman disease) and inflamed appendix. Castleman disease is an unusual medical case that poses a diagnostic challenge and it must be included in the differential diagnoses of solid abdominal mass. Though multiple treatment options are available, surgical resection is still considered the standard treatment of choice due to its diagnostic and therapeutic advantages.
Indian Terrain: An Evolving Circular Fashion Company in India
Authors: Soundravalli R. , Lakshmi K. S.
Published: June 2024

The growth of Indian Terrain Fashions Limited (ITFL), a stock exchange-listed fashion brand, is explored through the lens of sustainable, circular business models, policies and practices. Starting at a small pace, the company’s commitment towards sustainability looks promising. The company is poised to create and add more value for the customers as well as society in its commitment to sustainability through digital endeavours, aiming for a closed-loop circular model and supply chain transparency. The journey is traced with reference to the RESTART business innovation model in achieving the triple bottom line (people, profit and planet) through the steps of circularity and a triple-layered business model for value creation, using the secondary data available on the ITFL website and Annual Report 2019–2020. Interviews published in media, business analysis reports from the ITFL website and annual general body meeting and ITFL website are also taken as secondary data. The main purpose of this study is to trace the journey of ITFL in its sustainable practices. Also, the challenges and obstacles that lie ahead in its business commitment highlighted are identified for its prolonged journey.