bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An effective and efficient hierarchicalK-means clustering algorithm
Authors: Qi Jianpeng , Yu Yanwei , Wang Lihong , Liu Jinglei , Wang Yingjie
Published: August 2017

K-means plays an important role in different fields of data mining. However, k-means often becomes sensitive due to its random seeds selecting. Motivated by this, this article proposes an optimized k-means clustering method, named k*-means, along with three optimization principles. First, we propose a hierarchical optimization principle initialized by k* seeds ([Formula: see text]) to reduce the risk of random seeds selecting, and then use the proposed “top- n nearest clusters merging” to merge the nearest clusters in each round until the number of clusters reaches at [Formula: see text]. Second, we propose an “optimized update principle” that leverages moved points updating incrementally instead of recalculating mean and [Formula: see text] of cluster in k-means iteration to minimize computation cost. Third, we propose a strategy named “cluster pruning strategy” to improve efficiency of k-means. This strategy omits the farther clusters to shrink the adjustable space in each iteration. Experiments performed on real UCI and synthetic datasets verify the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
Analysis of attacks on device manager in software-defined Internet of Things
Authors: Nguyen Tri-Hai , Yoo Myungsik
Published: August 2017

The Internet of Things is a network of physical devices consisting of embedded systems and sensors that interact with each other and connect to the Internet, and the quick growth of the Internet of Things industry has resulted in complex inter-networking on the Internet. Software-defined networking is a recent advance in computer networking that redefines the network paradigm for future communication, and the advantages of software-defined networking can also be applied to Internet of Things, namely as software-defined Internet of Things. In this article, we investigate the vulnerability of the software-defined Internet of Things platform device manager, which monitors the connected Internet of Things devices in the network. Although being the one that performs one of the most crucial services, the device managers in current primary controllers have a big security issue as they do not include any device verification, authentication, or authorization routines. Consequently, the device manager accepts all the changes of device information made by other devices, which leads to potential attacks as demonstrated in this article. To address this problem, a comprehensive and lightweight countermeasure is proposed and its effectiveness is verified through experiments.
Brokel: Towards enabling multi-level cloud elasticity on publish/subscribe brokers
Authors: Facco Rodrigues Vinicius , Wendt Ivam Guilherme , da Rosa Righi Rodrigo , André da Costa Cristiano , Barbosa Jorge Luis Victória , Alberti Antonio Marcos
Published: August 2017

Internet of Things networks together with the data that flow between networked smart devices are growing at unprecedented rates. Often brokers, or intermediaries nodes, combined with the publish/subscribe communication model represent one of the most used strategies to enable Internet of Things applications. At scalability viewpoint, cloud computing and its main feature named resource elasticity appear as an alternative to solve the use of over-provisioned clusters, which normally present a fixed number of resources. However, we perceive that today the elasticity and Pub/Sub duet presents several limitations, mainly related to application rewrite, single cloud elasticity limited to one level and false-positive resource reorganization actions. Aiming at bypassing the aforesaid problems, this article proposes Brokel, a multi-level elasticity model for Pub/Sub brokers. Users, things, and applications use Brokel as a centralized messaging service broker, but in the back-end the middleware provides better performance and cost (used resources × performance) on message delivery using virtual machine (VM) replication. Our scientific contribution regards the multi-level, orchestrator, and broker, and the addition of a geolocation domain name system service to define the most suitable entry point in the Pub/Sub architecture. Different execution scenarios and metrics were employed to evaluate a Brokel prototype using VMs that encapsulate the functionalities of Mosquitto and RabbitMQ brokers. The obtained results were encouraging in terms of application time, message throughput, and cost (application time × resource usage) when comparing elastic and non-elastic executions.
A systematic review of medial epicondylectomy as a surgical treatment for cubital tunnel syndrome
Authors: O’Grady Eva E. , Vanat Qureish , Power Dominic M. , Tan Simon
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to review the literature of decompression of the cubital tunnel with medial epicondylectomy and to assess outcomes and complications. Twenty-one case series reported on 886 medial epicondylectomies. The mean percentage of patients obtaining improvement of one or more McGowan grade was 79%. The mean percentage obtaining a good/excellent Wilson Krout grade of outcome was 83%. Of six comparative studies, two showed no significant differences in outcomes between medial epicondylectomy and transposition procedures, and three reported better outcomes with medial epicondylectomy. One reported similar outcomes with medial epicondylectomy and simple decompression. The existing literature on medial epicondylectomy is of limited methodological quality and does not allow for firm conclusions to be drawn regarding its efficacy compared with other surgical techniques. Further studies should aim for high methodological quality, randomized comparison with simple decompression or anterior transposition and should utilize standardized outcome measures.

Level of evidence: II
The effect of implant linking and ligament integrity on humeral loading of a convertible total elbow arthroplasty
Authors: Brownhill James R , Pollock J Whitcomb , Ferreira Louis M , Johnson James A , King Graham JW
Published: August 2017

Background

Both unlinked and linked total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) implants have been employed with no consensus as to the optimal design. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of collateral ligament integrity and implant linkage on wear-inducing loads in a convertible TEA.

Methods

Eight fresh frozen upper extremities were tested in an elbow motion simulator. A convertible TEA with an instrumented humeral stem was inserted using computer navigation. Elbow kinematics and humeral loading were recorded with the TEA both linked and unlinked. The collateral ligaments were then sectioned and testing was repeated.

Results

In the dependent position, there was no effect of implant linkage or ligament sectioning on humeral loading. Humeral loading was significantly greater following sectioning of the collateral ligaments but not after linking the TEA with the arm in the valgus position. Humeral loading was significantly greater after linking the TEA but not after sectioning of the collateral ligaments and with the arm in the varus position.

Conclusions

Collateral ligament integrity reduces wear-inducing loads for both an unlinked and linked TEA. Linkage of a convertible TEA increases humeral loading, which may have detrimental effects on implant longevity.
Benevolent Sexism and Hostile Sexism Across the Ages
Authors: Hammond Matthew D. , Milojev Petar , Huang Yanshu , Sibley Chris G.
Published: August 2017

Ambivalent sexism theory states that prejudice toward women comprises two interrelated ideologies. Endorsement of hostile sexism—aggressive and competitive attitudes toward women—is linked with endorsement of benevolent sexism—paternalistic and patronizing attitudes toward women. We conduct the first systematic tests of how endorsement of sexism differs across age and across time, using six waves of a nationally representative panel sample of New Zealand adults ( N = 10,398). Results indicated U-shaped trajectories for men’s endorsement of hostile sexism, women’s hostile sexism, and women’s benevolent sexism across the life span. However, over time, endorsement of these sexist attitudes tended to decrease for most ages. In contrast, men’s benevolent sexism followed a positive linear trajectory across age and tended not to change over time. These results provide novel evidence of how ambivalent sexism differs across age and highlight that benevolent sexism is particularly tenacious.
Management of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections with a focus on patients at high risk of treatment failure
Authors: Pulido-Cejudo Abraham , Guzmán-Gutierrez Mario , Jalife-Montaño Abel , Ortiz-Covarrubias Alejandro , Martínez-Ordaz Jose Luis , Noyola-Villalobos Héctor Faustino , Hurtado-López Luis Mauricio
Published: August 2017

Over the last 25 years, the terminology of skin and soft tissue infections, as well as their classification for optimal management of patients, has changed. The so-called and recently introduced term ‘acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections’ (ABSSSIs), a cluster of fairly common types of infection, including abscesses, cellulitis, and wound infections, require an immediate effective antibacterial treatment as part of a timely and cautious management. The extreme level of resistance globally to many antibiotic drugs in the prevalent causative pathogens, the presence of risk factors of treatment failure, and the high epidemic of comorbidities (e.g. diabetes and obesity) make the appropriate selection of the antibiotic for physicians highly challenging. The selection of antibiotics is primarily empirical for ABSSSI patients which subsequently can be adjusted based on culture results, although rarely available in outpatient management. There is substantial evidence suggesting that inappropriate antibiotic treatment is given to approximately 20–25% of patients, potentially prolonging their hospital stay and increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. The current review paper discusses the concerns related to the management of ABSSSI and the patient types who are most vulnerable to poor outcomes. It also highlights the key management time-points that treating physicians and surgeons must be aware of in order to achieve clinical success and to discharge patients from the hospital as early as possible.
A pilot study on the impact of dopamine, serotonin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genotype on long-term functional outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Stanfill Ansley , Simpson Claire , Sherwood Paula , Poloyac Samuel , Crago Elizabeth , Kim Hyungsuk , Conley Yvette
Published: August 2017

Objectives:

Many that survive an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage experience lasting physical disability, which might be improved by medications with effects on the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor neurotransmitter systems. But it is not clear which patients are most likely to benefit from these therapies. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the relationship of genetic polymorphisms in these pathways with 12-month functional outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods:

Subjects were recruited at the time of admission as a part of a larger parent study. Genotypes were generated using the Affymetrix genome-wide human single-nucleotide polymorphism array 6.0. Those within dopaminergic, serotonergic, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor pathways were analyzed for associations with functional outcomes at 12 months post aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage using the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the Modified Rankin Scale.

Results:

The 154 subjects were 55.8 ± 11.3 years old and 74% female; they had Fisher scores of 2.95 ± 0.67, Hunt/Hess scores of 2.66 ± 1.13, and admission Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 12.52 ± 3.79. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the serotonin receptor genes 1B and 1E and dopamine receptor D2 were associated with greater disability (odds ratio: 3.88–3.25, confidence interval: 1.01–14.77), while single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the serotonin receptor genes 2A and 2C and dopamine receptor D5 conferred a risk of poor recovery (odds ratio: 3.31–2.32, confidence interval: 1.00–10.80). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the same serotonin genes, and within the dopamine receptor gene D2, were associated with greater recovery after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (odds ratio: 0.17–0.34, confidence interval: 0.05–0.89).

Conclusions:

These data demonstrate that there may be an association between genetic factors and functional outcomes post stroke.
Predictors of Mortality in Elder Patients With Proximal Humeral Fracture
Authors: Myeroff Chad M. , Anderson Jeffrey P. , Sveom Daniel S. , Switzer Julie A.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Known possible consequences of proximal humerus fractures include impaired shoulder function, decreased independence, and increased risk for mortality. The purpose of this report is to describe the survival and independence of elderly patients with fractures of the proximal humerus, treated in our institution, relative to patient characteristics and treatment method.

Methods:

Retrospective cohort study from 2006 to 2012.

Setting:

Community-based hospital with level 1 designation.

Patients/Participants:

Three hundred nineteen patients ≥60 years who presented to the emergency department with an isolated fracture of the proximal humerus were either admitted to the inpatient ward for the organization and provision of immediate definitive care or discharged with the expectation of coordination of their care as an outpatient. Treatment was nonoperative or operative.

Outcome Measures:

One- and 2-year mortality.

Results:

Significant predictors of mortality at 1 year included Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; continuous, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.86), body mass index (BMI; <25 vs ≥25; HR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.45-8.14), and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) disease severity score (3-4 vs 1-2; HR = 4.48; 95% CI: 1.21-16.55). In addition to CCI and BMI, reliance on a cane/walker/wheelchair at the time of fracture predicted mortality at 2 years (vs unassisted ambulation; HR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.59-5.88). Although the Neer classification of fracture severity significantly correlated with inpatient admission ( P < .001), it was not significantly associated with mortality or with loss of living or ambulatory independence. Among admitted patients, 64% were discharged to a facility with a higher level of care than their prefracture living facility. Twenty percent of study patients experienced a loss in ambulatory status by at least 1 level at 1 year postfracture.

Conclusion:

In a cohort of elderly patients with fractures of the proximal humerus, patient characteristics including comorbidities, ASA classification, and lower BMI were associated with increased mortality. Specifically, those admitted at the time of fracture and treated nonoperatively had the highest mortality rate and, likely, represent the frailest cohort. Those initially treated as outpatients and later treated operatively had the lowest mortality and, likely, represent the healthiest cohort. These data are inherently biased by prefracture comorbidities but help stratify our patients’ mortality risk at the time of injury.
“If You Were Like Me, You Would Consider It Too”: Suicide, Older Men, and Masculinity
Authors: Apesoa-Varano Ester Carolina , Barker Judith C. , Hinton Ladson
Published: August 2017

Rates of suicide are far higher for older men than for any other age or gender group. However, we know relatively little about how depressed older men think about suicide. This study addresses this gap by exploring how Latino and white non-Hispanic elderly men discuss why they would or would not contemplate suicide. Men, aged 60 and older, were screened and assessed using standard instruments for clinical depression. Those meeting criteria were invited to participate in a 1.5 to 2.5-hour in-depth interview, in either English or Spanish. Interview data come from 77 men and included men with treated and untreated depression. Men linked depression to losing their economic role, sense of productivity, and familial respect. Their narratives of suicide highlighted central tenets of hegemonic masculinity. Men from both ethnic groups asserted that “being a man” involved strength and independent choice. For some men, suicide exemplifies these ideals; for most men suicide violates them. The majority of men who felt that suicide further violated their already fragile manhood either reclaimed a decisive masculine self or embraced a caring self, especially in relation to children and family. The latter pattern raises a theoretical question regarding the symbolic boundaries of hegemonic masculinity.
Informal Payments and Health System Governance in Serbia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Buch Mejsner Sofie , Eklund Karlsson Leena
Published: August 2017

Few studies address Serbian providers’ perceptions of informal payments and the association between these perceptions and health system governance. The aim was to investigate civil servants’ perceptions on informal payments of the health care system in Serbia and to link these results with available evidence on informal payments in other Western Balkan countries. A literature review on informal payments in Western Balkan and in-depth interviews of civil servants working with Serbian health care were conducted. Informal payments were mostly taking place in inpatient care and were based on low salaries of doctors, poor resources, a desire to receive better or faster service, fear of being denied treatment, and an expression of gratitude through gifts. Policy measures had limited effect and vulnerable groups were more likely to pay informally. There is a need for further research to highlight how health system governance and prevailing policies affect informal payments in Western Balkan.
A Social Work Education Outcome Measure: The Evaluation Self-Efficacy Scale–II
Authors: Holden Gary , Barker Kathleen , Kuppens Sofie , Rosenberg Gary
Published: August 2017

The Evaluation Self-Efficacy (ESE) scale was designed as an outcome measure for evaluation research courses in social work. A revised version of the Social Cognitive Theory–based ESE (ESE-II) was developed and evaluated in the current study including both new and revised items. The ESE-II was evaluated in a final sample of 168 masters level students using a pretest–posttest design. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a single-factor structure underlying the 14 self-efficacy items at both assessment points. Cronbach’s alphas for the ESE-II were high at pre- and posttest. An argument underpinning content validity was developedand convergent validity was demonstrated. The ESE-II was also sensitive to change over time both at the item and scale level. The current study provides evidence supporting select psychometric properties of the ESE-II and the flexibility of self-efficacy as an outcome measure for social work education.
From ‘Labour Dividend’ to ‘Robot Dividend’: Technological Change and Workers’ Power in South China
Authors: Huang Yu , Sharif Naubahar
Published: August 2017

China became the world’s largest market for industrial robots in 2013. The robotic revolution gained pace and occurred after the 2008 financial crisis as many export-oriented firms coped with dwindling orders, rising labour costs and growing concerns over occupational safety. Unlike workers in the Global North who experienced automation in the 1960s and 1970s against a backdrop of strong union activism, whether semi-proletarian peasant-workers in China ultimately enjoy the ‘beneficial’ effects of industrial upgrading is questionable. However, very little social science research has investigated how automation, in light of the negative consequences of unemployment and deskilling, can continue to be advanced. Drawing on Beverley Silver’s concept of workers’ power, this article explores how workers’ marketplace and workplace bargaining power interfaces with technological change. The Chinese case may offer important lessons to those in the under-technologized South seeking to conceptualize strategies for social change in the context of industrial upgrading.
Boys, Girls, and the Second Shift: Paid and Unpaid Labor in High School and Adolescents’ Enrollment in College
Authors: Obach Heidi , Li Angran , Cheng Simon
Published: August 2017

Sociological research examines the gender gap reversal in higher education and the gender division in paid and unpaid labor for adult women, especially “the second shift literature,” as two distinct topics. In this study, we extend the insights of the second shift literature to research on youth labor and adolescents’ enrollment in higher education. Using data from the Youth Development Study from 1988 to 1992, we find that the negative association of unpaid labor with adolescents’ college enrollment odds was at least as large as, if not greater than, that of paid labor. Although labor engagement had adverse impacts both for female and male adolescents during this time, the negative associations of youth labor with college enrollment were more pronounced for male students. We discuss the implications of these findings and explain their relevance to more contemporary cohorts of high school students in the conclusion.
Influence of the Home Linguistic Environment on Early Language Development
Authors: Brito Natalie H.
Published: August 2017

Approximately 15.5 million children in the United States (21%) live in impoverished households, with child poverty rates highest among Black, Hispanic, and American Indian children. Growing up in a socioeconomically disadvantaged environment is associated with substantially worse health and impaired psychological, cognitive, and emotional development throughout the life span. Socioeconomic status (SES) has a robust association with language development—across different language outcomes, across different ethnic and language-exposure groups, as well as within these groups. This review examines pathways for SES disparities in language skills emerging early in development and contributing to later gaps in school readiness and academic achievement.
Economic Evaluation Alongside a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial of Modified Group Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Compared to Treatment-as-Usual in Adults With Asperger Syndrome
Authors: Doble Brett , Langdon Peter E. , Shepstone Lee , Murphy Glynis H. , Fowler David , Heavens David , Malovic Aida , Russell Alexandra , Rose Alice , Mullineaux Louise , Wilson Edward C. F.
Published: August 2017

Background: There is a growing interest in using group cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) with people who have Asperger syndrome (AS) and comorbid mental health problems. This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of modified group CBT for adults with AS experiencing co-occurring anxiety compared to treatment-as-usual. Methods: Economic evaluation alongside a pilot, multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled crossover trial. Costs from the UK public sector (National Health Service and Social Services) and societal perspectives, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), incremental net (monetary) benefit (INB), expected value of perfect information, expected value of sample information, expected net gain of sampling, and efficient sample size of a future trial are reported. Results: Over 48 weeks, from the societal perspective, CBT results in additional costs of £6,647, with only a 0.015 incremental gain in QALYs, leading to a negative INB estimate of £6,206 and a 23% probability of cost-effectiveness at a threshold of £30,000/QALY. Results from sensitivity analyses support the unlikely cost-effectiveness of CBT but indicate the potential for cost-effectiveness over longer time horizons. Eliminating decision uncertainty is valued at £277 million, and the efficient sample size for a future trial is estimated at 1,200 participants per arm. Limitations: Relatively small sample size and prevalence of missing data present challenges to the interpretation of the results. Conclusions: Current evidence from this small pilot study suggests that, on average, modified group CBT is not cost-effective. However, there is much decision uncertainty so such a conclusion could be wrong. A large, full-scale trial to reduce uncertainty would be an efficient investment for the UK health economy.
Church Revitalization in Congo: Missiological Insights from One Church’s Efforts at Glocalization
Authors: Atido George Pirwoth
Published: August 2017

This article explores dynamics surrounding the growth of Fraternité Évangélique de Pentecôte en Afrique au Congo, or FEPACO, the largest non-Catholic church in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The revitalization of FEPACO has been triggered by the development of a mission model built on (1) a process of glocalization that promotes an indigenous theology, (2) a local theology of missions and well-being and a comprehensive view of prayer for all needs, and (3) a ministry philosophy that challenges the widespread negative perception of women and children. It also considers the need for FEPACO to engage Congo’s current unhealthy social and political environment.
Importance of serial changes in biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Sokai Akihiko , Tanizawa Kiminobu , Handa Tomohiro , Kanatani Kumiko , Kubo Takeshi , Ikezoe Kohei , Nakatsuka Yoshinari , Tokuda Shinsaku , Oga Toru , Hirai Toyohiro , Nagai Sonoko , Chin Kazuo , Mishima Michiaki
Published: August 2017

The clinical significance of serial changes in serum biomarkers in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains to be established. This retrospective study was conducted to clarify the associations of serial changes in serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and surfactant protein-D (SP-D) with changes in physiological indices and overall mortality in IPF.

The study subjects were 75 patients with IPF. The 6 month change in serum KL-6 was significantly correlated with changes in the percentage of the predicted forced vital capacity (FVC % pred) and the percentage of the predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (%DLCO), while the 6 month change in serum SP-D was correlated only with %DLCO. During the mean follow-up period of 647 days, 22 (29.3%) patients died. An increase in serum KL-6 over a 6 month period was a significant predictor of mortality even after adjustment for %FVC, %DLCOand serum KL-6 at the baseline (hazard ratio 1.10 per 100 U·mL−1, 95% CI 1.01–1.18, p=0.03), whereas the 6 month increase in serum SP-D was not significant.

Serial measurements of serum KL-6 may provide additional prognostic information compared to that provided by physiological parameters in patients with IPF.
Using the Appraisal framework to analyze source use in essays: a case study of engagement and dialogism in two undergraduate students’ writing
Authors: Mori Miki
Published: August 2017

A key element of academic writing involves incorporation of external voices, which is a complex rhetorical and linguistic task. Student writers must face this challenge of using sources to strengthen their own arguments. Appraisal, specifically Engagement, provides a useful framework for analyzing source use in texts, as it considers evaluation and dialogic voicing. This article describes a semi-ethnographic case study that contrasts two undergraduate writers and their writing drafts. Results show similarities and differences based on the linguistic abilities of the students and their experience in writing, but overall improvement in terms of dialogic voicing in the final drafts. Applications to research and instruction for ESL and mainstream writing are discussed.
CD8+ T cell dialyzable extract activity is dependent on TCR and MHC-I
Authors: Kieh Mark D , Datta Sandip K , Myles Ian A
Published: August 2017

Author response.
Letter to the Editor: CD8+ T cells as a source for transfer factor in understanding the immunology of leprosy and HIV
Authors: Wang Jason F , Rendini Tina , Levis William R
Published: August 2017

Reader discussion on JLB content.
A hybrid elastic one-way propagator for strong-contrast media and its application to subsalt imaging
Authors: Yan Rui , Wu Ru-Shan , Xie Xiao-Bi , Walraven David
Published: August 2017

For elastic-wave propagation in strong-contrast media, we developed the theory and method of a new one-way operator, which can overcome the weak perturbation assumption of a traditional elastic thin-slab propagator. In the framework of the new propagator, the elastic model is separated into several domains along the strong-contrast boundaries. Different background velocities are chosen for different domains so that each domain can be considered as a weakly heterogeneous media with a sharp boundary. The new propagator adopts a hybrid approach to extrapolate the wavefields in each domain: a traditional thin-slab propagator for weak heterogeneities combined with a reflection/transmission operator for wave exchanging at the sharp boundary. It inherits the dual domain (wavenumber-space domain), depth-marching implementation of an elastic thin-slab propagator. The boundary is discretized into a collection of boundary segments based on the marching depth, and the reflection/transmission operators are estimated locally at the boundary segment by making a tangent plane approximation. By neglecting the reverberation between the boundary segments, the reflected/transmitted wave from the boundary can be gradually incorporated into wave propagation in a one-way fashion. We validated the accuracy and efficiency of the hybrid propagator by showing numerical simulation results on two simple salt models. Finally, we applied the hybrid propagator to subsalt imaging using a synthetic data set generated from a 2D subsalt model.
Low-frequency acoustic signal created by rising air-gun bubble
Authors: Wehner Daniel , Landrø Martin
Published: August 2017

In the seismic industry, there is increasing interest in generating and recording low frequencies, which leads to better data quality and can be important for full-waveform inversion. The air gun is a seismic source with a signal that consists of the (1) main impulse, (2) oscillating bubble, and (3) rising of this air bubble. However, there has been little investigation of the third characteristic. We have studied a low-frequency signal that could be created by the rising air bubble and find the contribution to the low-frequency content in seismic acquisition. We use a simple theory and modeling of rising spheres in water and compute the acoustic signal created by this effect. We conduct tank and field experiments with a submerged buoy that is released from different depths and record the acoustic signal with hydrophones along the rising path. The experiments simulate the signal from the rising bubble separated from the other two effects (1 and 2). Furthermore, we use data recorded below a single air gun fired at different depths to investigate if we can observe the proposed signal. We find that the rising bubble creates a low-frequency signal. Compared with the main impulse and the oscillating bubble effect of an air-gun signal, the contribution of the rising bubble is weak, on the order of 1/900 depending on the bubble size. By using large air-gun arrays tuned to create one big bubble, the contribution of the signal can be increased. The enhanced signal can be important for deep targets or basin exploration because the low-frequency signal is less attenuated.
What Does Continuity Between Preschool and Primary General Education Prevent?
Authors: Горлова Н. , Gorlova N.
Published: August 2017

The article considers factors that prevent continuity in the implementation of pre-school and primary general education programs. The situations that give rise to pedagogical neglect of children at the preschool education level are discussed, and ways of overcoming it are suggested, in particular the use of such pedagogical technologies as conditional and controlled dialogue, listening, with the purpose of developing communicative and speech skills of children.
Methodical Book Is Teacher’s Assistant
Authors: Корнеева Ольга , Korneeva Olga
Published: August 2017

The article gives a review of the book for the teacher “Universal learning activities as a result of teaching in primary school”, which helps in the development of universal school activities among younger schoolchildren. In accordance with the provisions of the Federal state educational standard of primary general education of the second generation, the formation of universal school activities among younger schoolchildren is considered as the main planned result of education.
Teaching Use of Binary Variables in Integer Linear Programs: Formulating Logical Conditions
Authors: Stevens Scott P. , Palocsay Susan W.
Published: August 2017

Binary variables are often needed in linear programming models to indicate whether particular alternatives should be implemented and to impose logical relations among decisions. However, it is usually not obvious to students how to use binary variables to transform conditional statements of logic into linear relations. We propose to address this difficulty with a simple two-step approach. It provides rules for decomposing a conditional requirement into a group of elementary implications and then translating each of these into linear constraints. Pre- and post-test results from a sample of undergraduate business students are presented to support the effectiveness of this pedagogical approach.

Supplemental files available online at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2017.0177 .
CEO Confidence and Unreported R&D
Authors: Koh Ping-Sheng , Reeb David M. , Zhao Wanli
Published: August 2017

We investigate whether managerial traits influence corporate decisions to provide mandatory financial disclosures. The results indicate that firms with confident chief executive officers (CEOs) are 24% more likely to report their research and development (R&D) expenditures relative to firms with cautious CEOs. Exploiting staggered, state-level regulatory shocks and changes in CEO type, we find substantial evidence that cautious CEO firms fail to report R&D expenditures. After a plausibly exogenous shock to managerial reporting liability, cautious CEO firms exhibit a 35% larger reduction in unreported R&D relative to confident CEO firms. Interestingly, confident CEO firms do not exhibit more innovation than their cautious CEO counterparts after taking into account their differing propensities to report corporate R&D. Overall, our analysis suggests that the precision or reliability of mandatory disclosures systematically varies with managerial characteristics.

The Internet appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2809 .

This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Mid-term outcomes of 77 modular radial head prostheses
Authors: Laumonerie P. , Reina N. , Ancelin D. , Delclaux S. , Tibbo M. E. , Bonnevialle N. , Mansat P.
Published: August 2017

Aims

Radial head arthroplasty (RHA) may be used in the treatment of non-reconstructable radial head fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term clinical and radiographic results of RHA.

Patients and Methods

Between 2002 and 2014, 77 RHAs were implanted in 54 men and 23 women with either acute injuries (54) or with traumatic sequelae (23) of a fracture of the radial head. Four designs of RHA were used, including the Guepar (Small Bone Innovations (SBi)/Stryker; 36), Evolutive (Aston Medical; 24), rHead RECON (SBi/Stryker; ten) or rHead STANDARD (SBi/Stryker; 7) prostheses. The mean follow-up was 74.0 months (standard deviation (sd) 38.6; 24 to 141). The indication for further surgery, range of movement, mean Mayo Elbow Performance (MEP) score, quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (quickDASH) score, osteolysis and positioning of the implant were also assessed according to the design, and acute or delayed use.

Results

The mean MEP and quickDASH scores were 90.2 (sd 14; 45 to 100), and 14.0 points (sd 12; 1.2 to 52.5), respectively. There were no significant differences between RHA performed in acute or delayed fashion. There were 30 re-operations (19 with, and 11 without removal of the implant) during the first three post-operative years. Painful loosening was the primary indication for removal in 14 patients. Short-stemmed prostheses (16 mm to 22 mm in length) were also associated with an increased risk of painful loosening (odds ratio 3.54 (1.02 to 12.2), p = 0.045). Radiocapitellar instability was the primary indication for re-operation with retention of the implant (5). The overall survival of the RHA, free from re-operation, was 60.8% (sd 5.7%) at ten years.

Conclusion

Bipolar and press-fit RHA gives unsatisfactory mid-term outcomes in the treatment of acute fractures of the radial head or their sequelae. The outcome may vary according to the design of the implant. The rate of re-operation during the first three years is predictive of the long-term survival in tight-fitting RHAs. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B1197–1203.
Early patient-reported outcomes versus objective function after total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Luna I. E. , Kehlet H. , Peterson B. , Wede H. R. , Hoevsgaard S. J. , Aasvang E. K.
Published: August 2017

Aims

The purpose of this study was to assess early physical function after total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA), and the correlation between patient-reported outcome measures, physical performance and actual physical activity (measured by actigraphy).

Patients and Methods

A total of 80 patients aged 55 to 80 years undergoing THA or TKA for osteoarthritis were included in this prospective cohort study. The main outcome measure was change in patient reported hip or knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS/KOOS) from pre-operatively until post-operative day 13 (THA) or 20 (TKA). Secondary measures were correlations to objectively assessed change in physical performance (paced-walk, chair-stand, stair-climb tests) at day 14 (THA) or 21 (TKA) and actual physical activity (actigraphy) measured at day 12 and 13 (THA) or 19 and 20 (TKA).

Results

Patients reported improved physical function (HOOS or KOOS) pre-operatively until day 13 (THA) or 20 (TKA) with a mean difference of 7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1 to 13, p = 0.033) and 6 (95% CI 1 to 12, p = 0.033) percentage points, respectively. By contrast, objectively assessed physical function and activity declined, with no correlations between subjective and objective assessments for either THA or TKA patients (r2 ≤ 0.16, p ≥ 0.314).

Conclusions

Early improvement in patient-reported physical function after THA/TKA does not correlate with objectively assessed function, and patient reported outcomes should not be used as the only measure of recovery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1167–75
Medial elbow pain
Authors: Barco Raul , Antuña Samuel A.
Published: August 2017

Medial elbow pain is uncommon when compared with lateral elbow pain. Medial epicondylitis is an uncommon diagnosis and can be confused with other sources of pain. Overhead throwers and workers lifting heavy objects are at increased risk of medial elbow pain. Differential diagnosis includes ulnar nerve disorders, cervical radiculopathy, injured ulnar collateral ligament, altered distal triceps anatomy or joint disorders. Children with medial elbow pain have to be assessed for ‘Little League elbow’ and fractures of the medial epicondyle following a traumatic event. This paper is primarily focused on the differential diagnosis of medial elbow pain with basic recommendations on treatment strategies.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:362-371. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160006
Latin America and China: What Next for China–Latin American Strategic Relationship?
Authors: Francisco Dominguez
Published: August 2017

The long neoliberal night that descended on Latin America since the military coup against Salvador Allende in Chile in 1973, began to be reversed with the arrival of Hugo Chavez to the presidency of Venezuela in 1998 inaugurating with it the Pink Tide of progressive and radical governments in the region. Pink Tide governments undertook a steady reversal of neoliberalism that included the nationalization of natural resources, poverty eradication, economic growth, social inclusion, redistribution of income, and much more. Simultaneously, most of the region began to orient itself commercially toward Asia, especially China, in a mutually beneficial relationship that through growing trade and investment links brought the two sides closer together in an unprecedented development for a region that had hitherto been firmly under the economic and political hegemony of the United States. Thus, political developments and economic trends seemed to guarantee the inexorable emergence of a new world geopolitical architecture within which Latin America would drastically rearrange its institutional and structural links with the United States, bringing about what many Latin American political leaders proclaim as the region's “second economic independence.” The growing trade, commercial, and political links between Latin America and China, especially the incorporation of Brazil to the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), inaugurated the rise of new institutional, political, trade, and commercial structures leading the region to seek to link its economic development to the ever expanding economic weight of the Asiatic giant. Though these highly positive developments have not quite come to a halt, they have been substantially complicated by the negative impact of the world economic crisis since 2008 and the US-led conservative, neoliberal political offensive that has already taken its toll in the victory of Macri in Argentina, the impeachment process against Dilma Rousseff and the installation of the hard-line neoliberal interim government of Michel Temer in Brazil, and the severe economic difficulties faced by Bolivarian government of Nicolas Maduro in Venezuela, just to mention the most important ones. This article seeks to examine the huge potential of Latin America's growing relations with China.
Local and External Forces: Understanding Key Factors behind Mexico's Energy Reform
Authors: Lilliana Lorena Avendano
Published: August 2017

Throughout the logic of geoeconomics and geopolitics, countries become stronger or weaker as a result of how natural resources are wielded. The power derived from the management of natural resources has deep implications for any country. Mexico has recently completed a major energy reform, ending the state monopoly on oil and gas and allowing private companies to invest in the energy sector. The reform aims at boosting the declining oil production and transforming Petróleos Mexicanos into a more competitive enterprise. When the reform was planned and implemented, the oil price was around 95 USD per barrel. However, since 2014, the international market has held decreasing oil prices that are spoiling prospects for a range of high-cost ventures in many countries. Mexico has not been the exception. This article analyzes, through the lens of geopolitics and geoeconomics, the main forces behind Mexico's energy reform. We also conclude that external actors are prevailing on the Mexican energy scenario; that Pemex is becoming weaker, not stronger; and that in the midterm the country's energy security will most likely be in the hands of few international oil companies.
Measuring collaboration and communication to increase implementation of evidence-based practices: the cultural exchange inventory
Authors: Palinkas Lawrence A , Garcia Antonio , Aarons Gregory , Finno-Velasquez Megan , Fuentes Dahlia , Holloway Ian , Chamberlain Patricia
Published: August 2017

The Cultural Exchange Inventory (CEI) is a 15-item instrument designed to measure the process (7 items) and outcomes (8 items) of exchanges of knowledge, attitudes and practices between members of different organisations collaborating in implementing evidence-based practice. We conducted principal axis factor analyses and parallel analyses of data describing exchanges with intermediary organisations, treatment developers, other agencies in the same county, and agencies in other counties of 105 leaders of county youth-serving systems in California and Ohio participating in a randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of community development teams in scaling up the use of an evidence-based practice for treatment of youth in foster care. The CEI scale demonstrates strong internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity, and shows potential in understanding the role of cultural exchanges in evidence-based practice implementation.
Review
Authors: Logan Robert K.
Published: August 2017

Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth became the Enemy of Prosperity, Douglas Rushkoff (2017)

New York: Portfolio/Penguin, 288 pp., ISBN-13: 9781617230172, h/bk, $16.90, p/bk, $10.89, Kindle, $14.99
A genealogy of computer-generated narrative
Authors: Rose Ellen
Published: August 2017

Responding to contemporary representations of computer-generated writing, which depict it as an inevitable and evolutionary development, this Foucauldian genealogy explores discourses on the digital production of narrative from the 1980s to the present, detailing the ways in which programmers, authors and scholars have negotiated different ways of thinking about what digital storymaking is and what ends it should serve. This article also inquires into the implications these competing views on computer-generated narrative have for readers, writers, computer users and society as a whole.
Battle jackets, authenticity and ‘material individuality’
Authors: Cardwell Tom
Published: August 2017

This article will consider the significance and meaning of battle jackets within the context of metal subcultures. Beginning with a summary of the history of the practice of customizing jackets by metal fans, ideas of personal subcultural identity and authenticity will then be used to more fully understand the importance of the jackets to those who make and wear them. Consideration of the importance of identity in jacket making will be given in terms of David Muggleton’s concept of ‘distinctive individuality’, whilst Sarah Thornton’s ‘subcultural capital’ and ideas of ‘insider’ hierarchies will be referred to in the discussion of authenticity. The final section will survey some of the practices of customization used by fans in constructing jackets to consider their visual and material aspects using Richard Sennett’s ‘material consciousness’. Following this, the term ‘material individuality’ is proposed to describe jacket practices through bridging the various theories discussed. Observations are drawn from interviews with jacket wearers conducted between July 2014 and June 2015 at ‘Sonisphere’ and ‘Bloodstock’ music festivals, United Kingdom, and at the ‘Modern Heavy Metal Conference 2015’, Helsinki, Finland, as well as from my own experiences within metal subculture.
Conference Review
Authors: Hudson Stephen
Published: August 2017

ISMMS 2017 Boundaries and Ties: The place of metal music in communities, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 9–11 June 2017