bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LncRNA MALAT1 promotes growth and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by repressing VHL through a non-canonical function of EZH2
Authors: Duan Yuansheng , Yue Kai , Ye Beibei , Chen Peng , Zhang Jin , He Qinghua , Wu Yue , Lai Qingchuan , Li Hong , Wu Yansheng , Jing Chao , Wang Xudong
Published: February 2023

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are implicated in malignant progression of human cancers. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), a well-known lncRNA, has been reported to play crucial roles in multiple malignancies including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the underlying mechanisms of MALAT1 in HNSCC progression remain to be further investigated. Here, we elucidated that compared with normal squamous epithelium, MALAT1 was notably upregulated in HNSCC tissues, especially in which was poorly differentiated or with lymph nodes metastasis. Moreover, elevated MALAT1 predicted unfavorable prognosis of HNSCC patients. The results of in vitro and in vivo assays showed that targeting MALAT1 could significantly weaken the capacities of proliferation and metastasis in HNSCC. Mechanistically, MALAT1 inhibited von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL) by activating EZH2/STAT3/Akt axis, then promoted the stabilization and activation of β-catenin and NF-κB which could play crucial roles in HNSCC growth and metastasis. In conclusion, our findings reveal a novel mechanism for malignant progression of HNSCC and suggest that MALAT1 might be a promising therapeutic target for HNSCC treatment.
SHQ1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder: Report of the first homozygous variant in unrelated patients and review of the literature
Authors: AlHargan Aljouhra , AlMuhaizea Mohammed A. , Almass Rawan , Alwadei Ali H. , Daghestani Maha , Arold Stefan T. , Kaya Namik
Published: February 2023

Compound heterozygous mutations in SHQ1 have been associated with a rare and severe neurological disorder characterized by global developmental delay (GDD), cerebellar degeneration coupled with seizures, and early-onset dystonia. Currently, only five affected individuals have been documented in the literature. Here, we report three children from two unrelated families harboring a homozygous variant in the gene but with a milder phenotype than previously described. The patients had GDD and seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging analyses revealed diffuse white matter hypomyelination. Sanger sequencing confirmed the whole-exome sequencing results and revealed full segregation of the missense variant (SHQ1:c.833 T > C; p.I278T) in both families. We performed a comprehensive in silico analysis using different prediction classifiers and structural modeling of the variant. Our findings demonstrate that this novel homozygous variant in SHQ1 is likely to be pathogenic and leads to the clinical features observed in our patients.
A new paradigm of reliable sensing with field-deployed electrochemical sensors integrating data redundancy and source credibility
Authors: Saha Ajanta , Sedaghat Sotoudeh , Gopalakrishnan Sarath , Waimin Jose , Yermembetova Aiganym , Glassmaker Nicholas , Mousoulis Charilaos , Shakouri Ali , Wei Alexander , Rahimi Rahim , Alam Muhammad A.
Published: February 2023

For a continuous healthcare or environmental monitoring system, it is essential to reliably sense the analyte concentration reported by electrochemical sensors. However, environmental perturbation, sensor drift, and power-constraint make reliable sensing with wearable and implantable sensors difficult. While most studies focus on improving sensor stability and precision by increasing the system’s complexity and cost, we aim to address this challenge using low-cost sensors. To obtain the desired accuracy from low-cost sensors, we borrow two fundamental concepts from communication theory and computer science. First, inspired by reliable data transmission over a noisy communication channel by incorporating redundancy, we propose to measure the same quantity (i.e., analyte concentration) with multiple sensors. Second, we estimate the true signal by aggregating the output of the sensors based on their credibility, a technique originally developed for “truth discovery” in social sensing applications. We use the Maximum Likelihood Estimation to estimate the true signal and the credibility index of the sensors over time. Using the estimated signal, we develop an on-the-fly drift-correction method to make unreliable sensors reliable by correcting any systematic drifts during operation. Our approach can determine solution pH within 0.09 pH for more than three months by detecting and correcting the gradual drift of pH sensors as a function of gamma-ray irradiation. In the field study, we validate our method by measuring nitrate levels in an agricultural field onsite over 22 days within 0.06 mM of a high-precision laboratory-based sensor. We theoretically demonstrate and numerically validate that our approach can estimate the true signal even when the majority (~ 80%) of the sensors are unreliable. Moreover, by restricting wireless transmission to high-credible sensors, we achieve near-perfect information transfer at a fraction of the energy cost. The high-precision sensing with low-cost sensors at reduced transmission cost will pave the way for pervasive in-field sensing with electrochemical sensors. The approach is general and can improve the accuracy of any field-deployed sensors undergoing drift and degradation during operation.
One step surgical scene restoration for robot assisted minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Ali Shahnewaz , Jonmohamadi Yaqub , Fontanarosa Davide , Crawford Ross , Pandey Ajay K.
Published: February 2023

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) offers several advantages to patients including minimum blood loss and quick recovery time. However, lack of tactile or haptic feedback and poor visualization of the surgical site often result in some unintentional tissue damage. Visualization aspects further limits the collection of imaged frame contextual details, therefore the utility of computational methods such as tracking of tissue and tools, scene segmentation, and depth estimation are of paramount interest. Here, we discuss an online preprocessing framework that overcomes routinely encountered visualization challenges associated with the MIS. We resolve three pivotal surgical scene reconstruction tasks in a single step; namely, (i) denoise, (ii) deblur, and (iii) color correction. Our proposed method provides a latent clean and sharp image in the standard RGB color space from its noisy, blurred, and raw inputs in a single preprocessing step (end-to-end in one step). The proposed approach is compared against current state-of-the-art methods that perform each of the image restoration tasks separately. Results from knee arthroscopy show that our method outperforms existing solutions in tackling high-level vision tasks at a significantly reduced computation time.
Real-time nonlinear parameter estimation and tracking control of unmanned aerial vehicles in closed-loop
Authors: Imran Imil Hamda , Can Aydin , Stolkin Rustam , Montazeri Allahyar
Published: February 2023

The real-time unknown parameter estimation and adaptive tracking control problems are investigated in this paper for a six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) of under-actuated quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A virtual proportional derivative (PD) controller is designed to maintain the translational dynamics. Two adaptive schemes are developed to handle the attitude dynamics of the UAV with several unknown parameters. In the beginning, a classical adaptive scheme (CAS) using the certainty equivalence principle is proposed and designed. The idea is to design a controller for an ideal situation by assuming the unknown parameters were known. Then the unknown parameters are replaced by their estimation. A theoretical analysis is provided to ensure the trajectory tracking of the adaptive controller. However, an inherent drawback of this scheme is that there is no guarantee for the estimated parameters to converge to the actual values. To address this issue, a new adaptive scheme (NAS) is developed as the next step by adding a continuously differentiable function to the control structure. The proposed technique guarantees handling of the parametric uncertainties with an appropriate design manifold. A rigorous analytical proof, numerical simulation analyses, and experimental validation are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control design.
Carbon nanotubes and nanobelts as potential materials for biosensor
Authors: Monavari Seyyed Mostafa , Marsusi Farah , Memarian Nafiseh , Qasemnazhand Mohammad
Published: February 2023

We investigate the electronic response of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and a carbon nanobelt (CNB) to N-linked and O-linked SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins, using ab initio quantum mechanical approach. The CNTs are selected from three zigzag, armchair, and chiral groups. We examine the effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) chirality on the interaction between CNTs and glycoproteins. Results indicate that the chiral semiconductor CNTs clearly response to the presence of the glycoproteins by changing the electronic band gaps and electron density of states (DOS). Since the changes in the CNTs band gaps in the presence of N-linked are about two times larger than the changes in the presence of the O-linked glycoprotein, chiral CNT may distinguish different types of the glycoproteins. The same results are obtained from CNBs. Thereby, we predict CNBs and chiral CNTs have suitable potential in sequential analysis of N- and O-linked glycosylation of the spike protein.
Assessing the impact of one million COVID-19 deaths in America: economic and life expectancy losses
Authors: Silva Sachin , Goosby Eric , Reid Michael J. A.
Published: February 2023

Between February 2020 and May 2022, one million Americans have died of COVID-19. To determine the contribution of those deaths to all-cause mortality in terms of life expectancy reductions and the resulting economic welfare losses, we calculated their combined impact on national income growth and the added value of lives lost. We estimated that US life expectancy at birth dropped by 3.08 years due to the million COVID-19 deaths. Economic welfare losses estimated in terms of national income growth supplemented by the value of lives lost, was in the order of US$3.57 trillion. US$2.20 trillion of these losses were in in the non-Hispanic White population (56.50%), US$698.24 billion (19.54%) in the Hispanic population, and US$579.93 billion (16.23%) in the non-Hispanic Black population. The scale of life expectancy and welfare losses underscores the pressing need to invest in health in the US to prevent further economic shocks from future pandemic threats.
Comparative analysis of thyroid hormone systems in rodents with subterranean lifestyle
Authors: Gerhardt Patricia , Begall Sabine , Frädrich Caroline , Renko Kostja , Hildebrandt Thomas B. , Holtze Susanne , Heinrich Alexandra , Sahm Arne , Meci Xheni , Köhrle Josef , Rijntjes Eddy , Henning Yoshiyuki
Published: February 2023

African mole-rats are subterranean rodents inhabiting underground burrows. This habitat entails risks of overheating, hypoxia, and scarce food availability. Consequently, many subterranean species have evolved low basal metabolism and low body temperature, but the regulation of these traits at the molecular level were unknown. Measurements of serum thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations in African mole-rats have revealed a unique TH phenotype, which deviates from the typical mammalian pattern. Since THs are major regulators of metabolic rate and body temperature, we further characterised the TH system of two African mole-rat species, the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) and the Ansell’s mole-rat (Fukomys anselli) at the molecular level in a comparative approach involving the house mouse (Mus musculus) as a well-studied laboratory model in TH research. Most intriguingly, both mole-rat species had low iodide levels in the thyroid and naked mole-rats showed signs of thyroid gland hyperplasia. However, contrary to expectations, we found several species-specific differences in the TH systems of both mole-rat species, although ultimately resulting in similar serum TH concentrations. These findings indicate a possible convergent adaptation. Thus, our study adds to our knowledge for understanding adaptations to the subterranean habitat.
Germline VWF/MPRIP and somatoplasm FGA variants synergically confer susceptibility to non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Wang Dawei , Gu Longchao , Zheng Juan , Zhang Qiang , Xu Qi , Li Rongrong , Song Da , Ha Chengzhi , Zhang Qianqian , Yin Han , Xu Mingtao , Wang Hongmin , Li Wei , Yuan Zhengfeng , Yang Cuncun , Gu Mingliang
Published: February 2023

Non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) relies on multiple pathogenic factors, including intravascular coagulation, osteoporosis and lipid metabolism disorders. Despite extensively explored from various aspects, genetic mechanism underlying non-traumatic ONFH has not been fully elucidated. We randomly collected blood and necrotic tissue samples from 32 patients with non-traumatic ONFH as well as blood samples from 30 healthy individuals for whole exome sequencing (WES). Germline mutation and somatic mutation were analyzed to identify new potential pathogenic genes responsible for non-traumatic ONFH. Three genes might correlate with non-traumatic ONFH: VWF, MPRIP (germline mutations) and FGA (somatic mutations). Germline or somatic mutations in VWF, MPRIP and FGA correlate with intravascular coagulation, thrombosis, and consequently, ischemic necrosis of the femoral head.
Optimization of a simple, effective, and greener methodology for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon extraction from human adipose tissue
Authors: Sousa Sara , Paíga Paula , Pestana Diogo , Faria Gil , Delerue-Matos Cristina , Ramalhosa Maria João , Calhau Conceição , Domingues Valentina Fernandes
Published: February 2023

A method was developed for PAH analysis in human adipose tissue, being a suitable and greener alternative to conventional analytical methods. The method was validated in human adipose tissue and eight PAHs were found in all the tested samples.
Design of a highly sensitive and versatile membrane-based immunosensor using a Cu-free click reaction
Authors: Okuyama Hiroto , Kodama Yukari , Takemura Kazuya , Yamashita Hiroki , Oshiba Yuhei , Yamaguchi Takeo
Published: February 2023

A sensitive immunosensor is developed using membrane pores as the recognition site. A Cu-free click reaction is used to efficiently immobilize antibodies, and the sensor demonstrates rapid interleukin-6 detection in the picogram per milliliter range.
Targeted microRNA delivery by lipid nanoparticles and gas vesicle-assisted ultrasound cavitation to treat heart transplant rejection
Authors: Wang Rui , Yi Luyang , Zhou Wuqi , Wang Wenyuan , Wang Lufang , Xu Lingling , Deng Cheng , He Mengrong , Xie Yuji , Xu Jia , Chen Yihan , Gao Tang , Jin Qiaofeng , Zhang Li , Xie Mingxing
Published: February 2023

Despite exquisite immune response modulation, the extensive application of microRNA therapy in treating heart transplant rejection is still impeded by poor stability and low target efficiency.
Light hydrocarbon conversion to acrylonitrile and acetonitrile – a review
Authors: Trangwachirachai Korawich , Lin Yu-Chuan
Published: February 2023

Acrylonitrile can be produced by (i) propylene using a bismuth molybdate catalyst and (ii) propane using a MoVTeNb mixed oxide catalyst. Acetonitrile can be synthesized either from C2 (ethylene and ethane) using Co/HZSM-5 or C1 (methane) using solid-state-pyrolysis-made GaN.
Observation of two-step spin transition in iron(ii) 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole based spin crossover nanoparticles
Authors: Lalioti Nikolia , Giannopoulou Efstathia , Charitos Alexander , Parthenios John , Malina Ondrej , Polaskova Michaela , Kalarakis Alexandros , Tangoulis Vassilis
Published: February 2023

A synthetically controllable two-step spin transition was observed in iron(ii) spin crossover nanoparticles of the dehydrated one-dimensional coordination polymer [Fe(NH2trz)3]Br2 (NH2trz = 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole) using the reverse micellar method.
How alkali cations affect salt precipitation and CO2electrolysis performance in membrane electrode assembly electrolyzers
Authors: Garg Sahil , Xu Qiucheng , Moss Asger B. , Mirolo Marta , Deng Wanyu , Chorkendorff Ib , Drnec Jakub , Seger Brian
Published: February 2023

This work demonstrates how the formation of salt precipitates occurs and varies with alkali cations in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA)-based CO2electrolyzer.
Scalable and green formation of graphitic nanolayers produces highly conductive pyrolyzed paper toward sensitive electrochemical sensors
Authors: de Lima Tinoco Marcos V. , Fujii Lucas R. , Nicoliche Caroline Y. N. , Giordano Gabriela F. , Barbosa Julia A. , da Rocha Jaqueline F. , dos Santos Gabriel T. , Bettini Jefferson , Santhiago Murilo , Strauss Mathias , Lima Renato S.
Published: February 2023

The annealing of pyrolyzed paper (PP) under isopropanol vapor leads to the formation of highly graphitic nanolayers (∼15 nm) on the material surface. PP electrodes with a resistivity as low as 7 mΩ cm could be achieved for sensing applications.
Damage of amino acids by aliphatic peroxyl radicals: a kinetic and computational study
Authors: Nathanael Joses G. , Yuan Bing , Hall Christopher R. , Smith Trevor A. , Wille Uta
Published: February 2023

Kinetic studies revealed a moderate reactivity of a model lipid peroxyl radical towards a series of amino acids, suggesting that such radicals could damage remote cellular locations that are inaccessible for highly reactive radicals.
Various approaches to synthesize water-stable halide PeNCs
Authors: Das Avijit , Ghorai Arup , Saha Kundan , Chatterjee Arka , Jeong Unyong
Published: February 2023

This review briefly introduces the degradation mechanisms according to the RH and summarizes various approaches to stabilize halide perovskites. An outlook for research directions of halide perovskites is also suggested.
Hybrid polymer gels for energy applications
Authors: Nandi Arun K. , Chatterjee Dhruba P.
Published: February 2023

This review deals with hybrid polymer gels, presently and significantly used for low-cost and high performance solar cells, fuel cells, solid state batteries and supercapacitors with high stability, flexibility and stimuli-responsiveness.
Recent progress in electrocatalytic selectivity in heterogeneous electro-Fenton processes
Authors: Liu Hong-yu , Jiang Jun , Tang Lu , Liang Ying , Xue Sheng-guo
Published: February 2023

In this review, the regulation of selectivity in heterogeneous electro-Fenton processes is discussed, and their applications with selected electrodes and suggestions for the future evolution of heterogeneous electro-Fenton systems are proposed.
Base-free synthesis of benchtop stable Ru(iii)–NHC complexes from RuCl3·3H2O and their use as precursors for Ru(ii)–NHC complexes
Authors: Shahid Nida , Singh Rahul Kumar , Srivastava Navdeep , Singh Amrendra K.
Published: February 2023

Ru(iii)-NHC complexes (1a–c) have been prepared from RuCl3·3H2Oviaa base free route involving electrophilic C–H activation of azolium salts by Lewis acidic Ru(iii). Complexes 1a–c serve as excellent metal precursors for new Ru(ii)–NHC complexes.
Economic dispatch of CAES in an integrated energy system with cooling, heating, and electricity supplies
Authors: Wu Chenxi , Hong Hanxiao , Tseng Chung‐Li , Wen Fushuan , Wu Qiuwei , Shahnia Farhad
Published: February 2023

Flexible combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems are effective in integrating wind sources. As an attractive, clean, and large‐scale energy storage technique, the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA‐CAES) can store and generate both electricity and heating, and also provide cooling during expansion under certain conditions. Although AA‐CAES has immense potential in multi‐energy supply systems, CCHP dispatch with AA‐CAES and wind power generation (WPG) is yet to be systematically studied. In this study, the economic dispatch of an AA‐CAES system equipped with WPG is addressed. The AA‐CAES system is comprehensively modelled by considering its thermal characteristics, air‐temperature changes due to heating exchange, air storage constraint, and other factors, particularly the heat supply to the air for expansion, which is a key factor that influences the cooling supply. Subsequently, the cooling, heating, and power of the AA‐CAES system are dispatched to minimise the operating cost under different supply modes. In conclusion, the proposed method is demonstrated using an integrated energy system in an industrial park, and the operation cost of the AA‐CAES system is minimised. The numerical results demonstrate that the participation of AA‐CAES in CCHP dispatch can curtail WPG and reduce operation costs. The economics of the different supply modes of AA‐CAES are also discussed.
Robust control of a forward‐converter active battery cell balancing
Authors: Abareshi Mohammad , Hamzeh Mohsen , Farhangi Shahrokh , Alavi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi
Published: February 2023

Control of balancing current is important for the safety of battery cells and active cell balancing (ACB) power electronics. This paper presents a method, based on quantitative feedback theory (QFT), for robust control of balancing current despite uncertainties, which exist in the battery cells' and power electronics' dynamical models. A remarkable feature of QFT is its interactive graphical design environment, which gives useful insights for the selection of desired robust stability and performance specifications, controller structure, and parameters tuning. Without loss of generality, this paper describes the QFT‐based balancing current robust control system design for a forward‐converter‐based ACB. This paper also presents an average model of the forward‐converter‐based ACB circuit, operating in more than two modes; a case that has not been addressed in literatures. The effectiveness of the proposed QFT‐based balancing current robust control system is evaluated experimentally.
Rotor topology optimization and electromagnetic performance analysis of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicle applications
Authors: Niu Lianbo , Zhang Mingzhu
Published: February 2023

An interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with ‘VV—’ shape rotor topology structure is proposed. The established two‐dimensional (2D) parameterized finite element analysis (FEA) models are used to analyze and compare the output average torque, torque density, air‐gap flux density and back electromotive force (EMF) of the IPMSM with ‘V’ shape, ‘V—’ shape, ‘VV—’ shape for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The rotor topology structure has a great influence on the performance of the IPMSM, especially the first layer of permanent magnet of the multi‐layers permanent magnet structure has the greatest influence on the performance of the IPMSM. Therefore, firstly, this paper mainly analyzes and optimizes the opening angle of permanent magnet and the pole arc angle of the first layer, which have a great influence on the electromagnetic performance of the IPMSM. Secondly, the d‐axis and q‐axis inductance, saliency ratio, output average torque, reluctance torque under different current angles are analyzed and compared. The results show that the output average torque and reluctance torque of the IPMSM for EV applications with ‘VV—’ shape rotor topology structure proposed in this paper are larger than that of the other two rotor topology structures as the amount of permanent magnet with ‘VV—’ shape rotor topology structure is slightly reduced. Finally, the torque density versus current density of the IPMSM with three different rotor topology structures is analyzed and compared. The results show that the torque density of the IPMSM with ‘VV—’ shape proposed in this paper is higher than that of the other two rotor topology structures under different current densities.
Rectal Cancer and Radiation in Colitis
Authors: Lynn Patricio B. , Cronin Catherine , Rangarajan Sriram , Widmar Maria
Published: February 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. When IBD patients develop a rectal cancer, this should be treated with the same oncological principles and guidelines as the general population. Rectal cancer treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy (RT). Many IBD patients will require a total proctocolectomy with an ileal-pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) and others, restoration of intestinal continuity may not be feasible or advisable. The literature is scarce regarding outcomes of IPAA after RT. In the present review, we will summarize the evidence regarding RT toxicity in IBD patients and review surgical strategies and outcomes of IPAA after RT.
From fellow traveller to eco-warrior: the translation and reception of Thoreau in China
Authors: Liu Aihua , Zhu Ying
Published: February 2023

First published in 1854, Walden, by Henry David Thoreau, has been translated into many languages. The last three decades have witnessed a growing number of Chinese versions of Walden, together with an upsurge of interest in this classic American book. Adopting a descriptive and diachronic approach, this article surveys the different Chinese versions of Walden, the studies by Chinese scholars on Thoreau/Walden, as well as eco-writings inspired by Thoreau/Walden in China, with the purpose of investigating the translation and reception of Thoreau in China from three perspectives: those of translators, literary scholars and writers. Thoreau was initially understood by his Chinese translators as a foreign thinker whose work endorses traditional Chinese values such as the celebration of Nature and Tianrenheyi 天人合— (or “harmony between Nature and man”), and Walden was valued mainly for its perceived alignment with a “native” component in Chinese philosophy and a multifaceted figure in China. Later, this writing was regarded as a product of the complex integration of Chinese and American thinking in the eyes of Chinese literary scholars. Most recently, Thoreau has been transformed into a multifaceted figure in China, one who has enjoyed a great influence upon Chinese eco-writers. In some respects, the rising popularity of Thoreau in China mirrors his increasing popularity in the United States; however, the evolving reception of his work by translators, literary scholars and writers in China may diverge in detail from his critical and popular reception in his native country.
Research on a method of high precision frequency measurement based on coordinate rotation digital computer algorithm and Kalman filter
Authors: Yu Xiaoyu , Zeng Hao , Tian Shulin , Guo Lianping , Jiang Jun , Zuo Jie
Published: February 2023

Frequency measurement is one of the key techniques in high-precision data acquisition technology of broadband signals. Generally, frequency measurement not only needs to deal with a large amount of data processing but also requires a high precision, but these two aspects are sometimes difficult to reconcile. Some algorithms are overly dependent on the accuracy of the to-be-measured data, which might not be the desired option for real projects since it is almost impossible to get ideal error-free data. This article adopts a frequency measurement method based on the coordinate rotation digital computer algorithm, differential algorithm, and Kalman filter. The use of these algorithms for the frequency measurement process would not only simplify the calculation but also reduce the effect of the measurement error. This method can measure all signals that satisfy the sampling theorem and can also measure multi-channel parallel signals. The experimental results of data simulation and actual measurement on the hardware platform show that the accurate frequency measurement algorithm has a strong data processing ability, stable measurement, and steady improvement in the accuracy of measurement results, which can meet the needs of most instruments for accurate frequency measurement. The measurement error could be reduced to the percentile by the Kalman filter and could be reduced to below the thousandth by the combining the algorithms.
Fuzzy logic for renewable energy recommendation and regional consumption forecast using SARIMA and LSTM
Authors: Bonventi Waldemar , Godoy Eduardo P
Published: February 2023

The use of renewable energy, notably solar and wind energy, has grown exponentially in Brazil. Consumers can generate their energy using renewable sources, whether interconnected to the distribution system (on-grid) or not (off-grid). In this paper, a fuzzy method is developed for the recommendation of solar and wind sources, for any location in the Brazilian territory. In many aspects, it can be viewed as a representation of human decision-making using sets and inference rules and also can be with vagueness and uncertainty, being very useful to idealize recommendation systems. Georeferenced and historical data were obtained from 2003 to 2019 on solar irradiation and wind speed, and electricity consumption until 2021. With the energy generation data from photovoltaic panels and wind turbines, this method allows us to propose installed areas by each technology and obtain the membership of fuzzy recommendation between solar, wind, both solar and wind, unfeasible or hybrid. In addition, a long short-term memory neural network and the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model were used to predict consumption for more than 30 months ahead, allowing the recalculation of fuzzy memberships and updating the installation area by respective technologies. As a result, the recommendation is given as the installed area (m2) of each technology per km2 of consumer units, as a function of the regional consumption density (MWh/km2). It can be concluded that it is possible to plan the viability of the type of renewable energy used, according to regional characteristics for smaller consumer units (farms, cooperatives, industries, consortiums), given the diversity of these factors in the huge Brazilian territory. This methodology is in line with the Brazilian Normative Resolution that authorizes the generation of energy by landowners.
Mistletoes of Western Australia
Authors: Start Tony , Thiele Kevin
Published: February 2023

Mistletoes are fascinating, diverse, colourful and ecologically important plants, found in most parts of Western Australia.

Mistletoes of Western Australia is a guide to their identification, ecology, conservation, biogeography and evolution, including how they cope with fire. The book explores the relevance of mistletoes to the biodiversity of the communities in which they live, and provides information on their hosts and simple identification keys to species. Each species is described in simple terms and illustrated with a photo of the species and a map of its known distribution in Western Australia.

Featuring seven genera and 42 species, this comprehensive illustrated guide will be essential for botanists, conservationists and anyone interested in Australian flora.
Using mid-infrared spectroscopy to identify more fertile cows for insemination to sexed semen
Authors: Newton Joanna E. , Ho Phuong N. , Pryce Jennie E.
Published: February 2023

Context Broader applications of milk mid-infrared spectral data could add value to milk-recording data. One such application is to rank cows on the probability of conception to first service (MFERT) which could help prioritise cows for insemination with dairy sexed semen (SS). Aims This study compared the use of MFERT estimates against two other approaches, to (1) identify most and least fertile dairy cows and (2) prioritise cows predicted to be most fertile for first service insemination with SS. Methods Mid-infrared spectral data from first herd test after calving was used to generate 13 379 MFERT predictions for 76 cohorts. Reproduction records were used to calculate reproductive parameters, calf numbers and net benefit, i.e. calf values minus mating costs, for two breeding programs. Breeding program 1 used SS and conventional dairy semen, while Breeding program 2 used SS, conventional dairy and beef semen. Three semen-allocation approaches were compared, namely, allocation via MFERT, calving date (CDATE) or assignment via random number generator (RANDOM). Key results MFERT significantly outperformed (1) RANDOM in identifying cows most and least likely to calf after first insemination (P < 0.05), and (2) both CDATE and RANDOM in identifying cows most and least likely to calf overall (P < 0.05). This resulted in up to 1.5 and 4.5 more dairy heifer calves, in Breeding programs 1 and 2 respectively, and up to six fewer dairy-beef calves in Breeding program 2. Differences in net benefit among semen-allocation approaches were modest, although generally favoured MFERT. Few significant differences between MFERT and CDATE were found. However, significant net benefit differences among all three semen-allocation approaches were seen in Breeding program 2. Conclusions MFERT outperformed CDATE and RANDOM in identifying most and least fertile cows. Realised net benefits of semen allocation by MFERT over other approaches were modest. Given the impact of semen type and dairy-beef calf prices value proposition will vary. Implications Our study confirmed that MFERT can add value to milk recording data by identifying the most and least fertile cows. As MFERT value is sensitive to individual farm parameters, incorporation alongside other fertility parameters into a decision support tool is desirable.
Effect of tool geometry on hook formation and mechanical properties of refill friction stir spot welding in alclad 2A12-T42 aluminium alloy
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Sun Guangda , Zhang Zili , Zhou Li , Guo Ning , Dong Jihong , Zhao Huaxia
Published: February 2023

Three sleeve structures (conventional sleeve, threaded sleeve, grooved sleeve) were used for refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) of 2A12-T42 aluminium alloy to investigate the effect of sleeve geometry on hook formation and mechanical properties of the joints. The high-pressure area generated during the plunge stage was responsible for the hook formation. Threads and grooves sleeves not only enhanced the mixing effect but inhibited the hook formation by breaking up the alclad layer or promoting the downward material flow, respectively. The welds using a grooved sleeve had the lowest hook height and highest tensile-shear failure load. As the hook height decreased, the upward tendency of crack propagation was suppressed, which confined the propagation paths within the regions of higher hardness.
Self-healing magnetorheological elastomers based on thermoreversible Diels–Alder networks
Authors: Cerdan Kenneth , Brancart Joost , Camacho Guillermo , de Vicente Juan , Puyvelde Peter Van
Published: February 2023

Magnetorheological (MR) elastomers are a class of stimuli-responsive materials of which the damping and stiffness can be reversibly tailored by applying magnetic fields. However, concerns such as fatigue damage, insufficient MR efficiencies with low loadings of magnetic particles or highly crosslinked elastomers, and lack of reprocessability remain unaddressed for conventional MR elastomers. To this end, a series of self-healing MR elastomers (SHMRE) were prepared based on thermoreversible Diels–Alder covalent crosslinks. The application of magnetic pulses yielded pre-aligned magnetic particles chains within the curing matrix which strongly influenced the SHMRE rheological properties. The resulting composites do not only exhibit a large MR effect but also efficient self-healing properties at room temperature. We found that the particle loading and the field-induced orientation of the aggregates affect the magnitude of the MR response, the mechanical strength and the healing efficiency. In addition, the MR response is also strongly influenced by the temperature. With a temperature increase from room temperature to 70 °C, a change in the MR response from 90% to 462% is observed while the SHMRE retain a solid viscoelastic state at 50 wt% particles loading. Interestingly, the thermoreversible features of the synthesized networks also allow potential reprocessability of SHMRE when heating these systems above the gel transition temperature (89 °C–90 °C). The final low viscous state makes it possible for the magnetic particles to be potentially restructured as chains by applying a magnetic field, which are retained upon cooling when the solid network state is recovered. The proposed SHMRE systems are shown to be a highly efficient and reprocessable solution to substitute classical MR elastomers in a wider context of generalized MR materials.
Primordial black holes from stochastic tunnelling
Authors: Animali Chiara , Vennin Vincent
Published: February 2023

If the inflaton gets trapped in a local minimum of its potential shortly before the end of inflation, it escapes by building up quantum fluctuations in a process known as stochastic tunnelling. In this work we study cosmological fluctuations produced in such a scenario, and how likely they are to form Primordial Black Holes (PBHs). This is done by using the stochastic-δ N formalism, which allows us to reconstruct the highly non-Gaussian tails of the distribution function of the number of e-folds spent in the false-vacuum state. We explore two different toy models, both analytically and numerically, in order to identify which properties do or do not depend on the details of the false-vacuum profile. We find that when the potential barrier is small enough compared to its width, ΔV/V < Δϕ
2/M
Pl
2, the potential can be approximated as being flat between its two local extrema, so results previously obtained in a “flat quantum well” apply.
Otherwise, when Δ V/V < V/M
Pl
4, the PBH abundance depends exponentially on the height of the potential barrier, and when Δ V/V > V/M
Pl it depends super-exponentially (i.e. as the exponential of an exponential) on the barrier height. In that later case PBHs are massively produced.
This allows us to quantify how much flat inflection points need to be fine-tuned.
In a deep false vacuum, we also find that slow-roll violations are typically encountered unless the potential is close to linear. This motivates further investigations to generalise our approach to non–slow-roll setups.
Holographic energy density, dark energy sound speed, and tensions in cosmological parameters: H0 and S8
Authors: Cardona Wilmar , Sabogal M.A.
Published: February 2023

Interesting discrepancies in cosmological parameters are challenging the success of the ΛCDM model. Direct measurements of the Hubble constant H
0 using Cepheid variables and supernovae turn out to be higher than inferred from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Weak galaxy lensing surveys consistently report values of the strength of matter clustering σ
8 lower than values derived from the CMB in the context of ΛCDM. In this paper we address these discrepancies in cosmological parameters by considering Dark Energy (DE) as a fluid with evolving equation of state w
de(z), constant sound speed squared ĉ
s
2, and vanishing anisotropic stress σ. Our w
de(z) is derived from the Holographic Principle and can consecutively exhibit radiation-like, matter-like, and DE-like behaviour, thus affecting the sound horizon and the comoving angular diameter distance, hence H
0. Here we show DE sound speed plays a part in the matter clustering behaviour through its effect on the evolution of the gravitational potential. We compute cosmological constraints using several data set combinations including primary CMB, CMB lensing, redshift-space-distortions, local distance-ladder, supernovae, and baryon acoustic oscillations. In our analysis we marginalise over ĉ
s
2 and find ĉ
s
2 = 1 is excluded at ≳ 3σ. For our baseline result including the whole data set we found H
0 and σ
8 in good agreement (within ≈ 2σ) with low redshift probes. Our constraint for the baryon energy density ω
b is however in ≈ 3σ tension with BBN constraints. We conclude evolving DE also having non-standard clustering properties [e.g., ĉ
s
2(z,k)] might be relevant for the solution of current discrepancies in cosmological parameters.
Efficient hydrophilicity improvement of titanium surface by plasma jet in micro-hollow cathode discharge geometry
Authors: Jia Peng-Ying , Jia Han-Xiao , Ran Jun-Xia , Wu Kai-Yue , Wu Jia-Cun , Pang Xue-Xia , Li Xue-Chen
Published: February 2023

Surface hydrophilicity improvement of titanium (Ti) is of great significance for the applications of the important biomaterial. In this study, efficient hydrophilicity on the Ti surface is improved by an air plasma jet generated by a micro-hollow cathode discharge (MHCD) geometry. Elementary discharge aspects of the plasma jet and surface characteristics of the Ti surface are investigated by varying dissipated power (P
d). The results show that the plasma jet can operate in a pulsed mode or a continuous mode, depending on P
d. The plume length increases with P
d and air flow rate increasing. By optical emission spectroscopy, plasma parameters as a function of P
d are investigated. After plasma treatment, water contact angel (WCA) of the Ti sample decreases to a minimum value of 15° with P
d increasing. In addition, the surface topography, roughness, and content of chemical composition are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with P
d increasing. The results show that Ti–O bond and O–H group on the Ti surface are beneficial to the improvement of the hydrophilicity of Ti surface.
Improved statistical fluctuation analysis for two decoy-states phase-matching quantum key distribution
Authors: Zhou Jiang-Ping , Zhou Yuan-Yuan , Zhou Xue-Jun , Bao Xuan
Published: February 2023

Phase-matching quantum key distribution is a promising scheme for remote quantum key distribution, breaking through the traditional linear key-rate bound. In practical applications, finite data size can cause significant system performance to deteriorate when data size is below 1010. In this work, an improved statistical fluctuation analysis method is applied for the first time to two decoy-states phase-matching quantum key distribution, offering a new insight and potential solutions for improving the key generation rate and the maximum transmission distance while maintaining security. Moreover, we also compare the influence of the proposed improved statistical fluctuation analysis method on system performance with those of the Gaussian approximation and Chernoff–Hoeffding boundary methods on system performance. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the key generation rate and maximum transmission distance in comparison with the Chernoff–Hoeffding approach, and approach the results obtained when the Gaussian approximation is employed. At the same time, the proposed scheme retains the same security level as the Chernoff–Hoeffding method, and is even more secure than the Gaussian approximation.
Analyses and optimization of the CFETR power conversion system with a new supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle
Authors: Zhao Pinghui , Chen Zhansheng , Jin Yixuan , Wan Teng , Wang Xiaohu , Liu Ke , Lei Mingzhun , Li Yuanjie , Peng Changhong
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR) power conversion system, with a supercritical CO2 (SCO2) Brayton cycle, is designed, analyzed and optimized. Considering the pulse operation of the reactor, a heat storage loop with high temperature molten salt and low temperature concrete is introduced. Based on the parameters of the first cooling loop, the CFETR power conversion loop is designed and studied. A new SCO2 Brayton cycle for the CFETR dual heat sources, blanket and divertor, is developed and optimized using a genetic algorithm. Compared to other simple and recompression cycles, it is shown that the new SCO2 Brayton cycle combines maximum thermal efficiency with simplicity. Exergy analyses are carried out and show that the exergy destruction rates of turbine and heat exchangers between different loops are the largest due to the large turbine power and the large temperature difference. The exergoeconomic analyses show that the fusion reactor accounts for the main cost, which is the key to the economy of fusion power generation. The following sensitivity analyses show that the hot molten salt temperature has a major influence on the system performance. Finally, several multi-criteria optimization algorithms are introduced to simultaneously optimize the three fitness functions, the cycle thermal efficiency, the system exergy efficiency and the total system product unit cost. It is found that the maximum thermal efficiency, the maximum exergy efficiency and the lowest total system product unit cost can be obtained almost simultaneously for the new CFETR power conversion system, and this optimal operation scheme is presented.
Anomaly detection based on lightweight deep learning algorithms
Authors: Liu Jinghua , Zheng Zhe , Li Haitao , Xiong Yanwei , Ding Xin , Nie Yuhu
Published: February 2023

The safe and reliable operation of power transmission lines is the key to the sustainable and stable operation of power grids. Using the artificial intelligence techniques for the channel status monitoring greatly improves the inspection efficiency of transmission lines. However, the discrimination is mostly conducted on the cloud side, which does not meet the requirement of real-time processing. In this paper, we build an intelligent monitoring system for transmission lines based on edge computing. According to the specific characteristics of the real-world power filed applications, a lightweight deep learning algorithm model is designed. It is then transplanted on a self-developed AI chip and a field test is carried out. The experimental results show that the model designed in this paper balances well between the accuracy, the model size and the inference speed. It realizes status local discrimination of the transmission lines, and promising detection results are obtained.
FEMA-CL: Fair Efficient Multi-Agent Course learning
Authors: Li Jiawei , Chen Hong , Sun Liang
Published: February 2023

Sociology shows that blindly pursuing the fairness of resource distribution will significantly reduce people’s enthusiasm for work, which is not conducive to the increase of total social material resources. Promoting the fairness of the social system in stages, that is, achieving fairness on the premise of a certain material basis, can not only ensure the efficiency of the total social material accumulation, but also promote the fairness of the social system. Therefore, inspired by the above, we introduced multi-stage curriculum learning into learning fair policy of multi-agent systems, and proposed a novel Fair and Effective Multi-Agent Curriculum Learning (FEMA-CL). The multi-stage course learning progressively promotes the learning fairness and efficiency of large-scale multi-agent systems through three stages: selfish stage, soft fair stage and global fair stage. Our method is easy to learn fairness and efficiency, and has carried out extensive experiments in three typical multi-agent scenarios. Compared with the current popular work, our method has superior performance.
Signal based Dilation Convolution CAM for Feature Extraction and Analysis in CNN Model
Authors: Zhao Liang , Yang Yifei , Feng Yang , Xiao Xundong , Wang Xingjun
Published: February 2023

We propose a new kind of model interpretation and feature display method for quantitatively analysis of deep learning model’s working mechanism in physiological feature extraction and classification. Deep learning is faced with lack of interpretation and inner mechanism for its results, which has limited its application in some high-risk field, such as medical diagnosis. The method, designated as SDC-CAM, raised in this article was developed to display the features curve and key features during deep learning model process. And SDC-CAM can quantitatively show the tendency of specific data on different classification. A threshold value can be set to visually display the colored region as key features to show the working mechanism of convolutional neural network(CNN) model. We believe this method can provide positive effect for CNN interpretation and understanding.