bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Silico Study of Pacific oyster Antiviral Polypeptides as Potential Inhibitory Compounds for SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease
Authors: Mohammadi Mehrdad , Rajabi Sajjad , Piroozmand Ahmad , Mirhosseini Seyed Ali
Published: November 2020

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel pathogen that has triggered a pneumonia outbreak, and despite the measures, the pandemic still continues to occur. Objectives: The molecular docking analysis was used to test whether the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitory peptides. These marine polypeptides were isolated from the hydrolysate of Pacific oyster. Methods: Molecular docking process was performed using Molegro Virtual Docker software. The protein data bank file of the crystal structure of COVID-19 main protease in complex with an inhibitor N3 (ID 6LU7) was obtained from the PubChem data source. After preparing protein and removing water and internal ligand, the major cavity was selected for the next step, the docking procedure. Afterward, the MolDock score, Rerank score, Total interaction energy (between energy), and HBond item were calculated. The Remdesivir was used as a positive control in the docking project. Results: The results of the docking step were evaluated based on several bioinformatics docking scores, including MolDock score, Rerank score, Total interaction energy (between energy), and HBond. The hydrogen bond of remdesivir was -6.03673, and Leu-Leu-Glu-Tyr-Ser-Ileu polypeptide was -6.44185. The Rerank score of remdesivir was -98.9254 and for Leu-Leu-Glu-Tyr-Ser-Ileu polypeptide was -107.821. Of the two screened Pacific oyster polypeptides, the score of Leu-Leu-Glu-Tyr-Ser-Ileu ligand was higher than remdesivir. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that Pacific oyster compounds may have the potency to be evolved as an anti-COVID-19 main protease drug to fight against the novel coronavirus; however, preclinical and clinical trials are needed for further experimental and/or clinical scientific validation.
The social context of teaching music culture in the function of nursing traditional folk creativity
Authors: Jeremić Biljana , Milenović Živorad
Published: November 2020

The concept of education reform in Serbia as well as in other countries in transition has faced the challenge of creating a functional, flexible and quality education system in a rapidly changing society. Some of the goals and tasks of the education program important for the subject of Music Culture are to develop awareness of state and national affiliation; nurturing Serbian tradition and culture, as well as the tradition and culture of national minorities; enabling involvement in European and international integration processes. In order for an individual to be formed as socially responsible with a certain attitude towards cultural and national identity, it is necessary to teach the contents of the subject Music Culture - especially those related to our past, its heroes, tradition, folk art, customs, etc. they emphasize knowledge from the social sciences and realize it in such a way that in each processing of the segment of folk tradition its significance, role, time of origin, social circumstances, etc. are emphasized. With this approach, we systematically influence the ubiquity of traditional values in children's lives. Early exposure of children to musical experiences that include folk art enables the achievement of a higher level of awareness of the social identity of the individual. One of the goals of teaching the subject Music Culture is to nurture folk traditions and creativity and personal identity. Social contents that are closely connected with the acquisition of knowledge from the tradition of the people are in the subject World around us and Nature and society. "The main purpose of studying the integrated subject World Around Us / Nature and Society is that by acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities, students develop their cognitive, physical, social and creative abilities, and at the same time learn and build attitudes, adopt values of the environment and the wider community. They grow up. By discovering the world, children's cognitive abilities are developed, basic concepts are formed and the foundations for a system of concepts in the field of nature, society and culture are gradually built. The value of music in society and its diverse effects on people can be very important factors in creating a cultural identity. Getting to know the folk creation at a younger school age through traditional folk games with singing, leads us directly to preserving the traditions of our people. From today's point of view, it is clear that folk dances with the singing of our country had and still have an integrative social function, since they influence the nurturing of collective identity at different levels of the community, is a symbol of national unity and transmits tradition from generation to generation. The paper presents an example of the social function of traditional folk dance through poetic, melodic-rhythmic analysis of a song, then folk costume, folk dance and folk instruments, based on the presented views.
Is there a need to increase the number of substitutions in modern professional football?
Authors: Leite Verlaine , Figueredo Roberto
Published: November 2020

Football is the most important and popular sport in the world, being influenced by several aspects and generating a billion dollar financial income. The constant scientific advancement of the modality allows a rapid evolution of football, being important to constantly review aspects of its dynamics and, consequently, its laws. The aim of this work is to analyze and argue, based on several aspects, e.g., evolution of the modality, physiological aspects, incidence of injuries, relationship with the media and economic aspects, etc., if there is a need to increase substitutions in modern professional football matches. In order to achieve this objective, a wide bibliographic research on the most important aspects of football was used.. As demonstrated throughout the text, according to the constant changes that have occurred in various aspects related to football over the years, there is a need for changes in the regulations to meet the need and provide a greater evolution of the modality. In this way, we believe that the increase in the number of substitutions can be very beneficial for football in general, mainly to make the modality more dynamic and attractive to the spectators.
Assessment of a knee resistance by applying the computational methods
Authors: Adamović Katarina , Vukićević Arso , Vulović Radun , Đorović Smiljana , Radaković Radivoje , Jovičić Gordana , Filipović Nenad
Published: November 2020

In tennis, the complex serving motions produce high mechanical stresses on player's musculoskeletal, tendon and ligament joints. In this paper, different cognitive methods have been integrated in order to non-invasively assess the knee's bone and cartilage resistance at the maximum power tennis serve. The proposed methodology is based on the creation of patientspecific biomechanical model, as well as on the tracking the knee's kinematics, ground force measurement, inverse dynamics modelling and analysis of the knee using the Finite Element Method with aim to assess the knee resistance of a tennis player, considering acute deformations and potential injuries. The main objective of this paper is development of the optimised computational technology and creation of practical diagnostic tool for non-invasive assessment of the knee function during specific moves and motions in tennis. It is expected that this approach can provide prediction and injury prevention in training and competitive tennis to a significant extent.
Volleyball players long term development through game system learning
Authors: Nešić Goran , Majstorović Nikola , Vićentijević Aleksandar , Savić Zoran , Bratuša Zoran
Published: November 2020

The subject of this paper are training methodologies important for improving tactics in youth categories of volleyball players. In practice, coaches very quickly switch from learning the 6: 0 system (initial system), to the 5: 1 system (competitive - senior), which for beginners leads to limitations in the manifestation of tactical and strategic skills, but also the effectiveness of technical elements in competition. The aim of this paper is to show the ageoriented, ie chronological and experience-oriented methodology of learning the system in volleyball. Order in training, respect for chronological, motor and sports age, timely specialization and orientation towards the principles of motor learning are recognized as factors leading to the expected outcome in the individual career of an athlete, making training methods effective and desirable in practice.
The inverse problem of recovering an unsteady linear load for an elastic rod of finite length
Authors: Vahterova Yana , Fedotenkov Gregory
Published: November 2020

The main purpose of the paper is to obtain solutions for new non-stationary inverse problems for elastic rods. The objective of this study is to develop and implement new methods, approaches and algorithms for solving non-stationary inverse problems of rod mechanics. The direct non-stationary problem for an elastic rod consists in determining elastic displacements, which satisfies a given equation of non-stationary oscillations in partial derivatives and some given initial and boundary conditions. The solution of inverse retrospective problems with a completely unknown space-time law of load distribution is based on the method of influence functions. With its application, the inverse retrospective problem is reduced to solving a system of integral equations of the Volterra type of the first kind in time with respect to the sought external axial load of the elastic rod. To solve it, the method of mechanical quadratures is used in combination with the Tikhonov regularisation method.
Application of mechanical filters for purification of electrolyte from solid products of the air and aluminum chemical cell reaction
Authors: Okorokova Nadezhda , Perchenok Aleksandr , Sevruk Stanislav , Suvorova Elena , Farmakovskaya Ariadna , Thu Kyaw
Published: November 2020

This work presents the results of the development and application of a filtration unit - a cartridge filter with a throttle (discharge) hole - for separating the solid phase - crystalline aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3, formed during long-term operation of an air and aluminum chemical cell with alkaline electrolyte and power plants based on them. The main theoretical provisions on the filtration mechanism using the discharge hole are formulated, according to which the filtration process consists of two types of filtration - blowout piping and particle coupling. The developed method made it possible to: purify electrolyte with low friction to electrolyte flow at high concentrations of the solid phase; ensure long-term performance of the purification system with large masses of the solid phase formed; be able to quickly regenerate the electrolyte; have a small mass and volume; leave a sufficient amount of solid phase in the electrolyte so that the crystals of aluminum hydroxide passing through the filter are a seed for the crystallization of dissolved aluminum in the circuit. The studies carried out allowed us to conclude that the use of mechanical cartridge filters with an orifice hole is an effective and reliable method for cleaning the electrolyte of a power plant with an air and aluminum chemical cell.
Dynamic behavior of thin-walled elements of aircraft made of composite materials, excited by heat shock
Authors: Starovoitov Eduard , Leonenko Denis , Orekhov Alexander
Published: November 2020

To improve the performance characteristics of modern aerospace systems, research is conducted and expensive programs are being carried out to provide for reducing the weight of the aircraft structure through the use of new, more promising materials, which include the so-called composite materials. Special attention is paid to the dynamic behaviour of composite structures under the influence of high-intensity heat fluxes of various physical nature. The paper considers the dynamic behaviour of composite structures of modern aerospace systems under the influence of high-intensity heat fluxes. As an example, the axisymmetric transverse vibrations of a composite circular plate connected to an elastic base, excited by thermal shock, are investigated. The plate material is modelled with a three-layer composite. To describe the kinematics of an asymmetric plate pack, the hypotheses of a broken normal are accepted. In thin bearing layers, Kirchhoff's hypotheses are valid. In a relatively thick lightweight core, the normal does not change its length, remains rectilinear, but rotates through some additional angle. The base reaction is described by the Winkler model. The statement of the initial-boundary value problem is given. The analytical solution is obtained as a series expansion in terms of eigenfunctions. Its numerical parametric analysis is carried out.
Urethroplasty of extensive penile urethral strictures with a longitudinal ventral tubed flap of penile skin (modified Orandi urethroplasty): 20 years of follow-up of two cases
Authors: Heo Jae Won , Hong Woo Taik , Kim Yong Hun , Yang Chae Eun , Kim Jiye , Kim Sug Won
Published: November 2020

The surgical treatment of extensive urethral strictures remains a controversial topic; although techniques have evolved, there is still no definite method of choice. Since 1968, when Orandi presented an original technique for one-stage urethroplasty using a penile skin flap, the Orandi technique has become the most prevalently used one-stage procedure for anterior urethral strictures. We present a 20-year follow-up experience with one-stage reconstruction of long urethral strictures using a longitudinal ventral tubed flap of penile skin, with some important technical changes to Orandi’s original technique to overcome the deficient vascularity caused by periurethral scar tissue. In 1997, a 55-year-old male patient complained of severe voiding difficulty and a weak urinary stream because of transurethral resection of the prostate due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Another 47-year-old male patient had the same problem due to self-removal of a Foley catheter in 2002. In both patients, a urethrogram demonstrated extensive strictures involving the long segment of the anterior urethra. A rectangular skin flap on the ventral surface of the penis was used considering the appropriate length, diameter, and depth of the neourethra. The modified Orandi flap provided a pedicled strip of penile skin measuring an average of 8 cm. The mean duration of follow-up was 20.5 years. A long-term evaluation revealed stable performance characteristics without any complications.
A systematic review of the scalp donor site for split-thickness skin grafting
Authors: Oh Suk Joon
Published: November 2020

Split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) is the gold standard for coverage of acute burns and reconstructive wounds. However, the choice of the donor site for STSG varies among surgeons, and the scalp represents a relatively under-utilized donor site. Understanding the validity of potential risks will assist in optimizing wound management. A comprehensive literature search was conducted of the PubMed database to identify studies evaluating scalp skin grafting in human subjects published between January 1, 1964 and December 31, 2019. Data were collected on early and late complications at the scalp donor site. In total, 27 articles comparing scalp donor site complications were included. The selected studies included analyses of acute burn patients only (21 of 27 articles), mean total body surface area (20 of 27), age distribution (22 of 27), sex (12 of 27), ethnicity (5 of 27), tumescent technique (21 of 27), depth setting of the dermatome (24 of 27), number of harvests (20 of 27), mean days of epithelization (18 of 27), and early and late complications (27 of 27). The total rate of early complications was 3.82% (117 of 3,062 patients). The total rate of late complications was 5.19% (159 of 3,062 patients). The literature on scalp skin grafting has not yet identified an ideal surgical technique for preventing donor site complications. Although scalp skin grafting provided superior outcomes with fewer donor site complications, there continues to be a lack of standardization. The use of scalp donor sites for STSG can prevent early and late complications if proper surgical planning, procedures, and postoperative care are performed.
Blink reflex changes and sensory perception in infraorbital nerve-innervated areas following zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures
Authors: Park Young Sook , Choi Jaehoon , Park Sang Woo
Published: November 2020

Background Infraorbital nerve dysfunction is commonly reported after zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. We evaluated sensory changes in four designated areas (eyelid, nose, zygoma, and lip) innervated by the infraorbital nerve. This evaluation was conducted using the static two-point discrimination test and the vibration threshold test. We assessed the diagnostic significance of the blink reflex in patients with infraorbital nerve dysfunction.

Methods This study included 18 patients, all of whom complained of some degree of infraorbital nerve dysfunction preoperatively. A visual analog scale, the infraorbital blink reflex, static two-point discrimination, and the vibration threshold were assessed preoperatively, at 1 month postoperatively (T1), and at a final follow-up that took place at least 4 months postoperatively (T4). The results were analyzed using a multilevel generalized linear mixed model.

Results Scores on the visual analog scale significantly improved at T1 and T4. The infraorbital blink reflex significantly improved at T4. Visual analog scale scores improved more rapidly than the infraorbital blink reflex. Two-point discrimination significantly improved in all areas at T4, and the vibration perception threshold significantly improved in the eyelid at T4.

Conclusions Recovery of the infraorbital blink reflex reflected the recovery of infraorbital nerve dysfunction. We also determined that the lip tended to recover later than the other areas innervated by the infraorbital nerve.
Deviated nose: Physiological and pathological changes of the nasal cavity
Authors: Kim Taek Kyun , Jeong Jae Yong
Published: November 2020

Deviated nose is highly challenging in rhinoplasty since the surgeon should consider both aesthetic and functional aspects of the nose. Deviated nose correction is surgically complex, and a thorough understanding of the mechanical and physiological changes of intranasal structures, including the septum and turbinates, is necessary for functional improvement.
Las letras primitivas de los cantes a palo seco, tonás y martinetes: romances narrativos sobre la Prisión General de los Gitanos
Authors: Homann Florian
Published: November 2020

En el mundo flamenco, existe la suposición de que los cantes flamencos contienen unas letras esencialmente líricas que no narran, sin embargo, hay ciertas modalidades, como los cantes a palo seco denominados tonás y martinetes, cuyos soportes literarios derivan de textos más largos y narrativos. Para demostrar que esta consideración es el resultado de un largo proceso de trasformación, se analizan los escritos sobre tonás y martinetes y se compara el contenido de sus coplas con las descripciones de ciertos hechos históricos. En múltiples casos coinciden los fragmentos, aunque sean muy breves, con determinados acontecimientos reales, lo que se puede interpretar como un indicio de que las letras efectivamente derivan de unos textos de romances noticiosos, narrando sobre asuntos carcelarios y la persecución de los gitanos. Uno de los hechos concretos constituye la Prisión General de los Gitanos, realizada en 1749, incluyendo su preparación y sus consecuencias. Así, esta propuesta de buscar el origen de los martinetes, más que en una forma musical, en las letras primitivas, adopta la perspectiva de considerar a los martinetes unos cantos que se han originado como textos narrativos orales, compuestos por los mismos afectados de la medida política sobre la mitad del siglo XVIII y que posteriormente se han convertido, dentro del marco de la cristalización de la cultura musical del flamenco en el siglo XIX, en coplas musicales, asociadas a determinadas melodías del cante a palo seco.
The Polish Leniency Programme and the Implementation of the ECN+ Directive Leniency-related Standards in Poland
Authors: Szot Patrycja
Published: November 2020

This publication discusses the current state of the Polish leniency programme and the amendments required in order to implement the ECN+ Directive (in particular in the area of specific conditions for leniency, individual sanctions, protection of leniency statements or leniency plus) as well as harmonisation flaws (primarily lack of one-stop-shop, universal language, failure to lay down rules regulating the reduction of fines or fully coordinating rules on immunity from individual sanctions, lack of harmonisation regarding applications in non-cartel cases). The a uthor’s view is that the Polish system in broad terms corresponds to the majority of the harmonised standards owing to soft harmonisation based on the Model Leniency Programme and the EU leniency programme. Further, the implementation will not bring about revolutionary changes, unless combined with de lege ferenda improvements and enhancements in the general level of anti-cartel enforcement.
Collective Proceedings for Damages in UK Competition Law Case Comment to the Judgment Merricks v Mastercard [2019] EWCA Civ 674
Authors: McMahon Kathryn
Published: November 2020

Merricks v Mastercard [2019] is the first action under the newly developed ‘opt-out’ collective proceedings regime for aggregate damages under UK competition law to be considered by the UK Court of Appeal. It is significant for both the level of damages (£14 billion (€16 billion)) and the clarification of the legal test at the certification stage for the suitability for an aggregate award: the method for calculation of the aggregate damages and the sufficiency of evidence. The Court’s lowering of these thresholds importantly opens the door to future class actions and reasserts the importance of collective proceedings as a valuable means of redress for competition law infringements. The decision has now been appealed to the UK Supreme Court where these issues may be further clarified and resolved.
The Implementation of the ECN+ Directive in Hungary and Lessons Beyond
Authors: Cseres Katalin J.
Published: November 2020

In order to facilitate national competition authorities (NCAs) in their application of EU competition rules, the EU legislator adopted Directive 2019/1/EU. The Directive’s aim is to empower the competition authorities of the Member States to be more effective enforcers of competition law and to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market. The so-called ECN+ Directive introduces minimum harmonisation rules allowing competition authorities to have common investigative, decision-making (notably fining decisions) and enforcement powers. The Directive, furthermore, sets minimum safeguards for the NCAs’ independence, accountability and resources as well as harmonizes leniency programmes including the coordination of national leniency programmes with each other and with that of the European Commission. This paper critically analyzes the legal and policy developments that paved the way for the adoption of this Directive. Moreover, it examines the changes the implementation of the Directive is likely to generate in current Hungarian law and policy of competition protection. The focus of the paper’s assessment is on the institutional aspects of the Directive and the enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, in particular the mechanisms for ensuring independence and accountability of the NCAs. Through the assessment of the Hungarian implementation, the paper aims to shed light on a broader context of the Directive and the enforcement of EU competition law in EU Member States. The paper shows that the implementation of the Directive may fail to translate into (more) effective enforcement without an effective institutional capacity on the side of the NCAs, and in the broader legal and constitutional context of competition law and its multilevel enforcement
Directive (EU) 2019/1 as Another Brick into Empowerment of Slovak Market Regulator
Authors: Kováčiková Hana
Published: November 2020

The paper analyses the legal challenges brought to the Slovak competition law by Directive (EU) 2019/1 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 to empower the competition authorities of the Member States to be more effective enforcers and to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market. The author selected particular issues from Slovak competition law and compares the state-of-the-art national situation with corresponding parts of this harmonising act. In the paper, specific attention will be given to compliance with safeguards, to the regulation of conflict of interest, to the examination of the effectiveness of enforcement, and to the possibilities of undertakings to avoid their responsibility for the breach of competition law. As the Member States have time for the transposition until 4 February 2021, this paper may initiate the debate on what to improve in Slovak legislation to achieve the goals set in this Directive.
Heading Towards an Effective Mechanism for the Protection of Collective Interests of Consumers – Some Comments on the Proposal for a Directive on Representative Actions
Authors: Mucha Jagna
Published: November 2020

In April 2018, the European Commission introduced a long awaited Proposal for a Directive on represented actions, which aims to modernize the existing European collective redress system. The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether the solutions put forward in this Proposal will improve the landscape of collective redress in the EU. For this purpose, I analyse the existing model of collective consumer redress in the EU, as set forth by Directive 98/27/EC, Directive 2009/22/ EC and Recommendation 2013/396/EU; I also evaluate it from the perspective of its functionality with special consideration of key problematic issues. Against this background, I present the legal provisions put forward in the Proposal for a Directive on representative actions. The comparison of both legal structures makes it possible to give an answer to the question whether the proposed legislation can remedy the existing problems of the collective redress system and, thus, to answer the question whether it will contribute to strengthening the mechanism for the protection of collective consumer interests in the EU.
New Isotope Evidence for Diachronic and Site-Spatial Variation in Precontact Diet during the Little Ice Age at Nunalleq, Southwest Alaska
Authors: Britton Kate
Published: November 2020

The stable isotope analysis of preserved proteinaceous tissues, such as bone collagen and hair keratin, offers a powerful means of examining individual dietary practices in archaeology and, through this, inferring the subsistence behaviours, socio-cultural practices, and food preferences of past populations. Previous isotope research at the precontact Yup’ik village site of Nunalleq, Alaska, has provided evidence of a mixed diet of marine and terrestrial foods (but likely dominated by salmonids), but also highlighted some dietary variability amongst the inhabitants of the site. However, materials from the older rescue excavations were insufficient to infer whether this variability was interpersonal and/or diachronic in nature. Here, new stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from human hair are presented. These were obtained during the research excavations at Nunalleq from temporally constrained, well-stratified contexts. The new data reveal dietary change through time at the site, highlighting changes in resource use and subsistence practices during the Little Ice Age. During the middle phase of occupation at the site (Phase III; cal AD 1620–1650), diet is more varied, most likely relating to the differing relative contribution of salmon versus higher trophic level marine mammal protein to the diet of some individuals at the site. Analysis reveals these differences to be site-spatial, possibly indicating differences with the use of space at the site, and/or hinting at possible social differentiation in diet during Phase III. In the final occupation phase (Phase II; cal AD 1640–1660), diet is more homogeneous and demonstrates an increased exploitation of higher-trophic level marine foods.
Fernand Dumont : un théologien au risque de la culture
Authors: Cantin Serge
Published: November 2020

Cet article vise à circonscrire la portée de la théologie dans l’oeuvre pluridisciplinaire de Fernand Dumont. Faisant fond sur l’autodéfinition intellectuelle de Dumont comme philosophe sans objet, il s’agit avant tout de montrer que la théologie dumontienne demeure, théoriquement et pratiquement, indissociable d’une réflexion fondamentale sur le devenir imprévisible de la culture à notre époque.
Environmental Impacts of Introducing LNG as Alternative Fuel for Urban Buses – Case Study in Slovakia
Authors: Jurkovič Martin , Kalina Tomáš , Skrúcaný Tomáš , Gorzelanczyk Piotr , Ľupták Vladimír
Published: November 2020

The aim of the paper is to assess the possibility of decreasing the chosen environmental indicators like energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) production and other exhaust pollutants in the selected region in Slovakia by introducing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) buses into bus transport. The assessment is carried out by comparing the consumption and emissions of current buses (EURO 2) in real operation, with potential buses (EURO 6) and with pilot LNG buses testing on the same lines. Comparison took place under the same conditions over the same period. The study measures the energy consumption and GHG production per bus. The research paper also compares two methodologies of calculation. The first calculation is according to the European Standard EN 16258: 2012 which specifies the general methodology for evaluation and declaration of energy consumption and GHG emissions (all services - cargo, passengers or both). The second calculation is according to the Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA). The results of the calculation are compared  by both methods, and the most suitable version of the bus in terms of GHG emissions is proposed.
Integrated Passenger Transport System in Rural Areas – A Literature Review
Authors: Maretić Branimir , Abramović Borna
Published: November 2020

The planning and organisation of public passenger transport in rural areas is a complex process. The transport demand in rural areas is often low, which makes it hard to establish and run a financially sustainable public transport system. A solution is integrated passenger transport that eliminates deficiencies and provides benefits for all participants in the public passenger transport process. This paper describes the impact of integrated passenger transport on mobility in rural areas and critically evaluates different literature sources. Integration of passenger transport in urban areas has been described in the context of rural areas, and the challenges of integration of public passenger transport specific to rural areas have been analysed. Through the application in urban and rural areas, the planning of integrated and non-integrated passenger transport has been functionally analysed. The analysis found an increase in the degree of mobility in the areas that use integrated passenger transport compared to the non-integrated one. This research of the literature review has identified the rural areas of mobility as under-researched. The mobility research can set up a more efficient passenger transport planning system in rural areas.
ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM OF F19
Authors: SHEN HUNG-TAO  , YEUAN TU-NAN  , LEE YANG-KOU  ,   中国科学院原子能研究所
Published: November 2020

In the present paper, the level spectrum of F19 is calculated by the rotational perburbation method. Results are comparei with experimental data, and they are found to be quite fit. It appears to be correct that the low energy level spectrum of F19 can be interpretated as the rotational band due to large deformation of the nucleas F19.
THE FORMATION ENERGY OF VACANCY OF METAL
Authors: WANG YUNG-CHIANG  ,   浙江大学
Published: November 2020

The formation energy of vacancy is calculated from, the surface tension of solid. It is found that the theoretical values of vacancy formation energy of metals agree with its experimental values, the vacancy formation energies of metals are directly proportional to its energies of self-diffusion and melting points, and the ratio of the energy of vacancy formation to the energy of self-diffusion, determined by one of the above proportional relations, is 0.43. Besides that, the vacancy formation energy is also a periodic function of atomic number.
DISPERSION RELATIONS FOR PION PRODUCTION IN PION-NUCLEON COLLISIONS
Authors: CHOU KUAN-CHAO  , DAI YUAN-BEN  ,   (1)北京大学; (2)中国科学院
Published: November 2020

Dispersion relations for pion production in pion-nucleon colHssions are discussed. The scattering amplitude is written in a form, in which the operators of nucleon field are extracted from the state vectors of initial and final state. The kinematies and symmetry, properties are worked out in detail and the contribution of bound state is evaluated.
DEFORMATION AND RECRYSTALLIZATION IN (110) [001] SINGLE CRYSTALS OF IRON-SILICON ALLOY
Authors: WANG WIEM-MIN  , CHOU PANG-HSIN  , CHEN NENG-KUAN  ,   中国科学院
Published: November 2020

This paper described deformation and recrystallization in (110)[00l] single crystals of iron-silicon (3.25%) which reduction of thickness 5-50%. In the range of a reduction 2-16%, the slip planes ate (101), (101), (110) and (Tl0); and the twinning planes are (112) and (112). Which coincided satisfactorily with our explanation on the formation of cold-rolling textures in (110) [001] singe erystals of iron-silicon alloy.We observed that the position and growing process of recrystallized grains are difference between cold-rolling 35 % and 50 % with annealing treatment. The recrystalized grains of the former formed first at twinning boundary and preferred growth along the twinning boundary. But the latter may be formed by subgrain except forming at twinning boundary and near the deformation bands, and the preferred growth is not as apparent as former.
THE RADIOATIVE DECAY OF π-MESON
Authors: GUO SHUO-HONG  ,   中山大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The relative probability of the radioative decay of π-meson to that of π-μ decay is calculated, assuming a universal Fermi interaction of V-A type. Terms in addition to those of usual gauge invariant treatment are calculated with perturbation theory. The result does not contradict the experiment.
POLARIZATION IN THE NUCLEON-DEUTRON SCATTERING
Authors: SHIH HSU-DAN  , LO LEO-FU  , SHU SIN  , HAUNG NIEN-NING  ,   内蒙古大学物理系
Published: November 2020

Using the invariance in rotation, refletion and time reverse, general formulae for polarization in the nucleon-deutron scattering have been obtained. The consequences are represented in turn of scattering phase shifts.
THEORY OF HEAT CONDUCTION IN THE PRESENCE OF RADIATION
Authors: WANG ZHU-XI
Published: November 2020

The theory of heat conduction in the presence of radiation inside a transparent body is developed, and a general equation of heat transfer has been obtained. The general equation of heat transfer in the stationary state is solved for four special forms of bodies, namely, plane, circular cylinder, sphere, and prolate spheroid. In the plane problem, numerical calculation is carried out, with results. differing frpm those obtained previously by Kellet. It is pointed out in the present paper that Kellet has neglected the property of radiation emitting in all directions, but only considered the radiation along the direction of temperature change, so that the equation of heat transfer obtained by Kellet is different.
Does diversity beget diversity in microbiomes?
Authors: Madi Naïma , Vos Michiel , Murall Carmen Lia , Legendre Pierre , Shapiro B Jesse
Published: November 2020

Microbes are embedded in complex communities where they engage in a wide array of intra- and inter-specific interactions. The extent to which these interactions drive or impede microbiome diversity is not well understood. Historically, two contrasting hypotheses have been suggested to explain how species interactions could influence diversity. ‘Ecological Controls’ (EC) predicts a negative relationship, where the evolution or migration of novel types is constrained as niches become filled. In contrast, ‘Diversity Begets Diversity’ (DBD) predicts a positive relationship, with existing diversity promoting the accumulation of further diversity via niche construction and other interactions. Using high-throughput amplicon sequencing data from the Earth Microbiome Project, we provide evidence that DBD is strongest in low-diversity biomes, but weaker in more diverse biomes, consistent with biotic interactions initially favouring the accumulation of diversity (as predicted by DBD). However, as niches become increasingly filled, diversity hits a plateau (as predicted by EC).
LRRC8A is essential for hypotonicity-, but not for DAMP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Green Jack P , Swanton Tessa , Morris Lucy V , El-Sharkawy Lina Y , Cook James , Yu Shi , Beswick James , Adamson Antony D , Humphreys Neil E , Bryce Richard , Freeman Sally , Lawrence Catherine , Brough David
Published: November 2020

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-molecular protein complex that converts inactive cytokine precursors into active forms of IL-1β and IL-18. The NLRP3 inflammasome is frequently associated with the damaging inflammation of non-communicable disease states and is considered an attractive therapeutic target. However, there is much regarding the mechanism of NLRP3 activation that remains unknown. Chloride efflux is suggested as an important step in NLRP3 activation, but which chloride channels are involved is still unknown. We used chemical, biochemical, and genetic approaches to establish the importance of chloride channels in the regulation of NLRP3 in murine macrophages. Specifically, we identify LRRC8A, an essential component of volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC), as a vital regulator of hypotonicity-induced, but not DAMP-induced, NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Although LRRC8A was dispensable for canonical DAMP-dependent NLRP3 activation, this was still sensitive to chloride channel inhibitors, suggesting there are additional and specific chloride sensing and regulating mechanisms controlling NLRP3.
The deubiquitylase Ubp15 couples transcription to mRNA export
Authors: Eyboulet Fanny , Jeronimo Célia , Côté Jacques , Robert François
Published: November 2020

Nuclear export of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is intimately coupled to their synthesis. pre-mRNAs assemble into dynamic ribonucleoparticles as they are being transcribed, processed, and exported. The role of ubiquitylation in this process is increasingly recognized but, while a few E3 ligases have been shown to regulate nuclear export, evidence for deubiquitylases is currently lacking. Here we identified deubiquitylase Ubp15 as a regulator of nuclear export in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ubp15 interacts with both RNA polymerase II and the nuclear pore complex, and its deletion reverts the nuclear export defect of E3 ligase Rsp5 mutants. The deletion of UBP15 leads to hyper-ubiquitylation of the main nuclear export receptor Mex67 and affects its association with THO, a complex coupling transcription to mRNA processing and involved in the recruitment of mRNA export factors to nascent transcripts. Collectively, our data support a role for Ubp15 in coupling transcription to mRNA export.
The cranial morphology ofTanystropheus hydroides(Tanystropheidae, Archosauromorpha) as revealed by synchrotron microtomography
Authors: Spiekman Stephan N.F. , Neenan James M. , Fraser Nicholas C. , Fernandez Vincent , Rieppel Olivier , Nosotti Stefania , Scheyer Torsten M.
Published: November 2020

The postcranial morphology of the extremely long-neckedTanystropheus hydroidesis well-known, but observations of skull morphology were previously limited due to compression of the known specimens. Here we provide a detailed description of the skull of PIMUZ T 2790, including a partial endocast and endosseous labyrinth, based on synchrotron microtomographic data, and compare its morphology to that of other early Archosauromorpha. In many features, such as the wide and flattened snout and the configuration of the temporal and palatal regions,Tanystropheus hydroidesdiffers strongly from other early archosauromorphs. The braincase possesses a combination of derived archosaur traits, such as the presence of a laterosphenoid and the ossification of the lateral wall of the braincase, but also differs from archosauriforms in the morphology of the ventral ramus of the opisthotic, the horizontal orientation of the parabasisphenoid, and the absence of a clearly defined crista prootica.Tanystropheus hydroideswas a ram-feeder that likely caught its prey through a laterally directed snapping bite. Although the cranial morphology of other archosauromorph lineages is relatively well-represented, the skulls of most tanystropheid taxa remain poorly understood due to compressed and often fragmentary specimens. The recent descriptions of the skulls ofMacrocnemus bassaniiand nowTanystropheus hydroidesreveal a large cranial disparity in the clade, reflecting wide ecological diversity, and highlighting the importance of non-archosauriform Archosauromorpha to both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems during the Triassic.
Incidence of Urinary Tract Infection among Diabetic Patients in Abakaliki Metropolis
Authors: Kama Stella Chinenye , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Alo M. N. , Ochei Kingsley Chinedum , Ezugwu Uchenna Modestus , Odo Michael , Ikpeme Mabel , Ukeekwe Chukwulete Okafor , Amaeze Augustine Amaeze
Published: November 2020

The investigation of urinary tract infection (UTI) among diabetic patients 15-51 years and above was assessed using 100 mid-stream urine specimen with the objective of isolating and identifying different types of bacteria and their respective frequencies among diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki. A urine culture was performed combined with a full report of urine to establish the diagnosis. The result showed that the majority of bacteria in urinary tract infections were in 27-32 years of age group (71.4%) and lowest in 15-20 years age group (0%). The predominant bacteria isolates and their percentage occurrences include; Escherichia coli (39.13%), Klebsiella pneumonia (21.74%), Proteus (8.69%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.69%), Streptococcus (8.69%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.52%), Enterococcus faecalis (4.25%). There was a high prevalence of the isolated organisms in female (47.7%) compared to males (36%). It follows that most predominant agent of UTI in diabetic patients in Abakaliki Metropolis is Escherichia coli followed by Klebsiella pneumonia.
Lipocalin Blc is a potential heme‐binding protein
Authors: Bozhanova Nina G. , Calcutt M. Wade , Beavers William N. , Brown Benjamin P. , Skaar Eric P. , Meiler Jens
Published: November 2020

Lipocalins are a superfamily of functionally diverse proteins defined by a well‐conserved tertiary structure despite variation in sequence. Lipocalins bind and transport small hydrophobic molecules in organisms of all kingdoms. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the function of some members of the family, including bacterial lipocalin Blc from Escherichia coli. Here, we present evidence that lipocalin Blc may be involved in heme binding, trans‐periplasmic transport, or heme storage. This conclusion is supported by a cocrystal structure, mass‐spectrometric data, absorption titration, and in silico analysis. Binding of heme is observed at low micromolar range with one‐to‐one ligand‐to‐protein stoichiometry. However, the absence of classical coordination to the iron atom leaves the possibility that the primary ligand of Blc is another tetrapyrrole.
Digital CRISPR/Cas‐Assisted Assay for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Park Joon Soo , Hsieh Kuangwen , Chen Liben , Kaushik Aniruddha , Trick Alexander Y. , Wang Tza‐Huei
Published: November 2020

The unprecedented demand for rapid diagnostics in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic has brought the spotlight onto clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated systems (Cas)‐assisted nucleic acid detection assays. Already benefitting from an elegant detection mechanism, fast assay time, and low reaction temperature, these assays can be further advanced via integration with powerful, digital‐based detection. Thus motivated, the first digital CRISPR/Cas‐assisted assay—coined digitization‐enhanced CRISPR/Cas‐assisted one‐pot virus detection (deCOViD)—is developed and applied toward SARS‐CoV‐2 detection. deCOViD is realized through tuning and discretizing a one‐step, fluorescence‐based, CRISPR/Cas12a‐assisted reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay into sub‐nanoliter reaction wells within commercially available microfluidic digital chips. The uniformly elevated digital concentrations enable deCOViD to achieve qualitative detection in <15 min and quantitative detection in 30 min with high signal‐to‐background ratio, broad dynamic range, and high sensitivity—down to 1 genome equivalent (GE) µL−1 of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and 20 GE µL−1 of heat‐inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2, which outstrips its benchtop‐based counterpart and represents one of the fastest and most sensitive CRISPR/Cas‐assisted SARS‐CoV‐2 detection to date. Moreover, deCOViD can detect RNA extracts from clinical samples. Taken together, deCOViD opens a new avenue for advancing CRISPR/Cas‐assisted assays and combating the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond.
Defining dysmorphic facial features in congenital Zika syndrome
Authors: Fonteles Cristiane Sá Roriz , Monteiro Francisco César , Bastos Vasconcelos Rebeca , Jalles Monteiro André , Maia Chaves Júnior Cauby , Franco Marçal Felipe , Asfor Rocha Carvalho Martins Renata , Pereira de Oliveira Ana Lalessa , de Sá Cavalcante Grisielle , Palhano Toscano Bianca , Costa Figueiredo Lopes Thayse Elaine , Gurgel Costa Fabio Wildson , Rodrigues Ribeiro Thyciana , Verçosa Islane Maria Castro , Pessoa André Luiz Santos , Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti Luciano , Ribeiro Erlane Marques
Published: November 2020

Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) constitutes a recently identified malformation caused by Zika virus infection during pregnancy. Limited data is available to date on the facial dysmorphic features of these patients. This study evaluated the facial dysmorphisms of children with CZS, compared with clinically healthy children, using clinical examination and standardized photographic images. Sixty‐three children with CZS (9.70 ± 3.2 months‐age), and 31 Controls (8.67 ± 6.2 months‐age) joined the study. Seven out of 15 indices differed between groups: midfacial height (MFH)/horizontal facial reference (HFR) (p = .0003), interalar distance/HFR (p = .0027), nasal root depth/MFH (p = .0030), posterior nasal length/MFH (p = .0002), vertical position of the ear/MFH (p <.0001), ear length/MFH (p = .0005), chin height/total facial height (CH/TFH) (p <.0001). A CH/TFH of 0.229 showed 93.9% sensitivity and 80.6% specificity in diagnosing CZS. Children with CZS had broad, short faces, decreased intercanthal distance, short posterior nasal length, prominent nasal root, broad nasal wings, and high‐set and long ears. Increased chin height index provided the most accurate diagnostic potential.