bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise espacial da suscetibilidade à inundação na Sub-Bacia Muriaé 2, Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ)
Authors: Silva Layra de Oliveira , Barbosa Kargean Vianna
Published: August 2019

A remoção da vegetação e a impermeabilização de grandes áreas, devido ao processo de urbanização, afeta diretamente o ciclo hidrológico natural, e pode contribuir para eventos como enchentes e inundações. Para tal, o Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIGs) permite a determinação de áreas com risco de inundação. Com base nas questões abordadas, esse estudo teve como objetivos mapear as áreas mais suscetíveis à ocorrência de inundação na Sub-Bacia Muriaé 2, e propor medidas de intervenção. A metodologia empregada consistiu na determinação do coeficiente de compacidade, índice de circularidade e fator forma da sub-bacia. Além disso, foi realizada a delimitação da sub-bacia, determinação do Índice Topográfico de umidade (TWI) e determinação do Uso e ocupação do solo utilizando algoritmos do QGIS. Os resultados apontaram grande susceptibilidade à inundação nas áreas das localidades, que pode ser explicada devido a predominância de áreas de relevo plano utilizadas como planície de inundação do rio Muriaé. O mapa de Uso e ocupação do solo mostrou que a sub-bacia sofreu muitas interferências antrópicas e mostrou a predominância das áreas de cultivo. Medidas como sistemas de alerta e previsão de cheias, programas de controle da erosão ao longo da bacia de drenagem, educação Ambiental voltada para a importância da vegetação na sub-bacia e do controle de erosão e construção de pequenas paredes em torno do rio, poderiam ser tomadas para minimizar os efeitos das inundações nessas localidades. Pode- se concluir que o uso do SIG é de grande utilidade para a realização de pesquisas hidrológicas.
Turismo e fotografia: um estudo bibliométrico sobre o uso de metodologias de análise da imagem nas pesquisas em turismo
Authors: Estelita Godoy Karla , Da Silva Leite Iasmim
Published: August 2019

Este artigo se propõe a investigar o uso de metodologias de análise da imagem em pesquisas de turismo nacionais e internacionais recentes (2012 a 2017). Por meio de pesquisa exploratória e de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, de caráter bibliométrico, em bases de periódicos mundiais, buscou-se verificar as principais metodologias utilizadas no campo do turismo, em quais áreas esses métodos são mais empregados e de que modo são coletadas imagens fotográficas para as pesquisas. Como resultado, verificou-se que as pesquisas em turismo utilizam, para analisar imagens, metodologias tradicionais como semiótica e análise de conteúdo. Diversas metodologias apareceram mais sutilmente, como é o caso da volunteer-employed photography, da antropologia visual/fotoetnografia, da foto elicitação, da Zaltman metaphor elicitation technique (ZMET), e outras, entre as quais a iconografia. Cabe salientar que o uso dessas metodologias nas pesquisas analisadas foi combinado com outros métodos qualitativos conceituados – entrevistas em profundidade e observação participante, por exemplo –, como forma de validar resultados da pesquisa. Contudo, notou-se, por meio desse mapeamento, que as metodologias de análise visuais podem contribuir para a pesquisa em turismo, capturando o olhar do turista e oferecendo perspectivas que surveys ou entrevistas em profundidade não são capazes de fornecer. Assim, este artigo aponta novas possibilidades para as pesquisas em turismo.
Parcerias e concessões para o desenvolvimento do turismo nos parques brasileiros: possibilidades e limitações de um novo modelo de governança
Authors: Rodrigues Camila Gonçalves de Oliveira , Abrucio Fernando Luiz
Published: August 2019

A participação privada na prestação de serviços de apoio ao turismo em parques é estimulada por órgãos ambientais de diversos países como uma estratégia para aprimorar a implementação dessas áreas. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os principais aspectos que orientam o planejamento, a implementação e o monitoramento das parcerias entre as esferas pública e privada, com ênfase nas concessões e nas iniciativas no âmbito federal e nos estados de Minas Gerais (MG), Rio de Janeiro (RJ) e São Paulo (SP). A partir de análise de referencial teórico-conceitual sobre valores públicos nas parcerias e uma abordagem qualitativa junto aos gestores, foram identificados alguns aspectos analíticos para subsidiar a compreensão sobre esse modelo de gestão. A possibilidade de avanço na gestão dos parques por meio de parcerias depende de características da governança estabelecida por meio de três elementos principais: a transparência, de modo a aumentar a capacidade de os reguladores e a sociedade controlarem o desempenho; a criação de uma comunicação eficaz, que estimule a confiança entre os setores envolvidos; e a participação social, que fortalece a accountability e aumenta a legitimidade do processo.
Lazer, turismo, especulação imobiliária e conflito territorial entre São Miguel do Gostoso e Touros (RN)
Authors: Costa Wagner Fernandes , Fonseca Maria Aparecida Pontes
Published: August 2019

O artigo analisa a relação entre o conflito territorial envolvendo os municípios de Touros e São Miguel do Gostoso (RN) e os investimentos turísticos e imobiliários. O conflito ocorreu após a revelação de um equívoco na demarcação das fronteiras entre esses municípios, quando São Miguel do Gostoso despontava como uma destinação turística. O incremento desses investimentos em toda Região Nordeste foi decorrente da transferência de capitais europeus em busca de valorização. A coleta de dados ocorreu através da consulta de documentos, da observação sistemática, entrevistas semiestruturadas e levantamento de dados cartoriais. Com o domínio territorial questionado, São Miguel do Gostoso acumulou ônus orçamentário devido a diminuição de repasses e tributos relacionados à contagem populacional e ao uso do solo urbano. Por outro lado, assumiu o encargo de prestar serviços públicos a residentes e turistas. Os investimentos tornaram-se indutores da expansão urbana, principalmente, na Ponta do Santo Cristo, área de maior disputa e expansão de investimentos imobiliários com destacada participação de estrangeiros. Assim, os investimentos ocorridos foram decisivos para desencadear o litígio, para o qual, o termo de um acordo entre os gestores foi condicionado à manutenção das terras da Praia da Ponta do Santo Cristo para Touros.
Evolution of Tax Receipts on Motorized Vehicles Recovered by the General Direction of the Receipts of the Tshopo Province from 2012 to 2016
Authors: Désiré Isetcha Tawiti , Raymond Assani Ramazani , Hugues Bokota Sola
Published: August 2019

Objectives: This study aims to determine over time how the tax levied on motor vehicles has behaved in relation to the investment incentives put in place; to determine the year in which these receipts performed well among those considered in our study and to determine the year in which revenues were low.

Methods: The sample consisted of revenues from the tax on motor vehicles recovered by the General Revenue Directorate of the Tshopo Province from 2012 to 2016 in Kisangani. We used the statistical method supported by the documentary analysis, the technique of observation and free interview for the collection of data.

Results: The study found that the real tax on motor vehicles had decreased in the Tshopo Province from 2012 to 2016. This invalidates our first hypothesis. The 2014 financial year remains the best performing year with a strong performance, confirming our second hypothesis.
Chemical Composition, Nutritional Values and Antibacterial Activities of Watermelon Seed (Citrullus lanatus)
Authors: Sola Asoso Oluwakemi , Temitayo Ogunmefun Olayinka , Olufunke Adelegan , Shittu Farida
Published: August 2019

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines traditional medicine as the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness. Plants are traditionally used for treatment of bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to investigate chemical composition, nutritional evaluation and antibacterial activities of watermelon seeds. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of watermelon indicated that alkaloids were moderately present, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and phenols were all present. The quantitative analysis of watermelon indicated 3.080 mg/g for alkaloids, 0.304mg/g for phenols, 0.117 mg/g for tannins, 0.200mg/g for saponins and 2.675 mg/g for flavonoids.  The vitamin composition of watermelon seeds indicated 0.03 mg/100 g for vitaminB1, 0.01 vitaminB2, 0.64 mg/100g for vitaminB3, 0.24 mg /100 g vitaminB6 and 0.01 for vitaminB12.The bioactivities of extract were tested, against Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Necropsobacter rosorum, Tsukamurella hongkongensis, Lactobacillus sp, Staphylococcus petrasii, Neisseria sicca, Dietzi amaris, Pseudomonas oryzyhabitans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Advenella incenata, Neiserria subflava and Serriatia marcescens. Researchers are advised to turn their attention towards plants products, which is most promising area in search of new biologically activity compounds with better activity against multi drug resistant strains and reduced antibiotic related side effects.
Future Impact of Climate Change on the Yield of Cocoa in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: S. Omotayo Femi , G. Oguntunde Philip , A. Olufayo Ayorinde
Published: August 2019

This study was carried to determine the trend of cocoa yield and climatic variables and assessment of the impact of climate change on the future yield of cocoa in Ondo State, Nigeria. Annual trend statistics for cocoa yield and climatic variables were analyzed for the state using Mann-Kendall test for trend and Sen’s slope estimates. Downscaled data from six Global Circulation Models (GCMs) were used to examine the impact of climate change on the future yield of cocoa in the study area. The results of trends analysis in Ondo State showed that yield decreased monotonically at the rate of 492.18 tonnes/yr (P<0.05). An increased significant trend was established in annual rainfall trend. While Maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and mean temperature all increased at the rate of 0.02/yr (P<0.001). The ensemble of all the GCMs projected a mid-term future decrease of about 9,334 tonnes/yr by 2050 and a long-term future decrease of 13,504 tonnes/yr of cocoa by 2100. The economic implication of these is that, if the projected change in the yield of cocoa as predicted by the ensemble of all the GCMs should hold for the future, it means that Ondo state may experience a loss of about $22,470,018.22 and $32,308,584.32 by the year 2050 and 2100 respectively according to the present price of the commodity in the world market. Measures are to be taken by the government and farmers to find a way of mitigating the impacts of climate change on the future yield of the cocoa study area. This research should be extended to other cocoa producing areas in Nigeria.
The In vivo Antioxidant Protective Activity of Mangifera indica Cold Aqueous Leaf Extract in Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Alexander Etuh, Monday , C. Aguiyi John , Ogwu Ochala, Sunshine , Simeon Omale , Imoleayo Oyeniran, Oluwatosin , Debola Oshibanjo Olusegun , Pam Dung
Published: August 2019

Objective: To evaluate in vivo antioxidant activity of Mangifera indica cold aqueous leaf extract. 

Methods: A number of 50 adult flies were exposed to graded concentrations of Mangifera indca cold aqueous leaf extract, 2.5 mg/10 g diet, 5 mg/10 g diet and 10 mg/10 g diet for 5 days. Each concentration was prepared in 200 µl of distilled water and replicated five times. 10 g diet with 200 µl distilled water served as control. Mortality reading was taken at 24 hours interval. The flies were homogenized, centrifuged and the supernatant was used to assay for Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT) and Total thiol content.

Results: The % mortality of flies after 5 days showed 32.5%, 0%, 15.5% and 37% in the control (10 g diet with 200 µl of distilled water), 2.5 mg/10 g diet, 5 mg/10 g diet and 10 mg/ 10 g diet respectively. There was elevation in total thiol content and high GST and CAT activity in 2.5 mg/10 g diet and 5 mg/10 g diet treated flies.

Conclusion: The 100% and 85% survival of 2.5 mg/10 g and 5 mg/10 g diet-treated flies respectively and increase of fly antioxidant system after 5 days exposure at these concentrations may suggest protective activity of Mangifera indica in D. melanogaster.
Effects of Stock Age, Hormone Types and Concentrations on Rooting and Early Growth of Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn. Stem Cuttings
Authors: Aderounmu Adeboyin Funmi
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the effects of stock age, hormones and hormone concentrations on survival and rooting of Vitellaria paradoxa stem cuttings with the aim of improving on early development of the species. Single node stem cuttings were obtained from 9 and 15 months old seedlings of V. paradoxa and treated with Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), unripe coconut water (CW) and distilled water (control) at 100 mg/l and 200 mg/l concentrations NAA, IBA and 50% and 100% coconut water. Quick dip method was used and the cuttings set in washed and sterilized river sand medium under non-mist propagation in a 2x4x2 factorial experiment laid out in Completely Randomized Design and replicated 3 times. Percentage rooted and percentage die-back were assessed after eight weeks of setting while shoot height (cm), shoot diameter (mm), leaf production and leaf area (cm2) were assessed for three months. The data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Cuttings from both 9 months and 15 month old stocks recorded higher percentage (90%) with NAA hormone treated cuttings and also produced the highest rooting at (90%) while control recorded the least (50%). Hormone type also significantly influenced the early growth of the rooted cuttings in term of shoot height, shoot diameter, leaf area and leaf production (p≤0.05). The highest shoot height, shoot diameter, leaf area and number of leaves were obtained with NAA with mean values of (4.81 cm, 3.46 mm, 35.08 cm2 and 5.00) respectively while control had the least (3.80 cm, 2.28 mm, 27.81 cm2 and 3.29) respectively. It therefore implies that the use of hormones can improve rooting and early growth of V. paradoxa stem cuttings collected from young stock plants.
Assessment of the Microbial Biomass Carbon (MB-C), Nitrogen (MB-N) and Phosphorus (MB-P) in Soil Spiked with Pesticides (Carbofuran and Paraquat)
Authors: Ataikiru T. L. , Okpokwasili G. S. C. , Okerentugba P. O.
Published: August 2019

This study aimed at determining the impact of Carbofuran and Paraquat use on soil microbial biomass and microbial population as soil health index. Pot experiment, set-up as a randomized block design with replicates was done, with both pesticides applied at recommended rates for eight weeks. Twenty-four (24) soil samples were taken from the pesticides polluted soil as well as the unpolluted soil. These samples were used to assess the effect of pesticides on microbial biomass carbon (MB-C), nitrogen (MB-N) and phosphorus (MB-P). Also, microbial population (determined by aerobic spread plate count) of the pesticide-polluted soils was used as health index. The assessments were done weekly. The microbial biomass values increased from 273.48 µg/g to 293.15 µg/g (MB-C), 17.275 µg/g to 18.52 µg/g (MB-N) and 10.605 µg/g to 11.37 µg/g (MB-P) in carbofuran treated soil while increases from 277.26 µg/g to 288.365 µg/g (MB-C), 17.515 µg/g to 18.22 µg/g (MB-N) and 10.745 µg/g to 11.18 µg/g (MB-P) were observed in paraquat treated soil. The microbial counts in treated soils were within the ranges of 1.95 x 106 cfu/g to 1.03 x 107 cfu/g, 8.83 x 104 to 1.90 x 105 cfu/g, 1.08x 104 to 2.43 x 104, 1.15 x105 to 2.17 x 105 cfu/g, 1.38 x 105 to 2.22 x 105 cfu/g for total heterotrophic bacterial, fungal, actinomycetes, phosphate solubilizers, nitrifiers counts, respectively.

The pesticides had no negative effects on the MB-C, MB-N, MB-P and soil microorganisms at recommended field rates, hence their use must be strictly based on these rates. These findings indicate that the relationship between soil nutrients and microbial biomass is significant in facilitating the use of microbial biomass as an important soil quality indicator.
Is There a Relationship between Energy, Amount of Information and Temperature?
Authors: M. Menin Boris
Published: August 2019

Aims: To use the generally accepted formulas linking energy, temperature and information, and not requiring any additional restrictions, to introduce a practical numerical value of the energy of any specific object based on the amount of information and thermodynamic temperature.

Place and Duration of Study: Beer-Sheba, between January 2019 and July 2019.

Methodology: By combining the Landauer limit and Bekenstein’s proof that the amount of information of any physical system must be finite, if the object space and its energy are finite, the values of energy-matter and energy, based on the amount of information, were calculated for various elements of nature. In addition, a formula is presented for the energy of the universe containing these two components.

Results: The energy content of an object depends not only on its mass and speed. The value of the additional independent component, due to the amount of information contained in the object, is caused by its size and the ambient temperature. This component has never been considered in the scientific literature. This means that energy is inextricably linked with both the space and the thermodynamic component of Nature.

Conclusion: Using the generally accepted formulas linking energy, temperature and information and not requiring any additional restrictions, we have shown that it is possible to represent the energy of the universe on the basis of information theory.
A Perylene Bisimide‐Contained Molecular Dyad with High‐Efficient Charge Separation: Switchability, Tunability, and Applicability in Moisture Detection
Authors: Wang Zhaolong , Wang Gang , Chang Xingmao , Liu Ke , Qi Yanyu , Shang Congdi , Huang Rongrong , Liu Taihong , Fang Yu
Published: August 2019

Designing novel fluorophores with nonplanar structure and environmental sensitivity is of great significance for the development of high‐performance film‐based fluorescent sensors. Herein, a unique pentiptycene (P) and perylene bisimide (PBI)‐contained fluorescent dyad (P‐PBI‐P) displaying a switchable and tunable charge separated state is reported. It is demonstrated that this symmetrical and dumbbell‐like molecular dyad shows a greater extent of photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer than the asymmetrical dyad, P‐PBI. In addition, the charge separated state (P+‐PBI−‐P/P‐PBI−‐P+) of the fluorophore is super susceptive to solvent polarity, allowing sensitive detection of water content in organic liquids. Based on the finding, two P‐PBI‐P‐based fluorescent humidity sensors are fabricated, and they both show linear responses to air humidity within a range of at least 6.3% to 100% (relative humidity, RH). The response time is less than a few seconds, and the recovery time less than 1 min. Importantly, almost no hysteresis is found during a cyclic humidification and dehumidification test within the whole RH range studied. The superior performance of the humidity sensors based on the modulation of the charge separated state of a fluorophore constitutes an effective way for designing high‐performance film‐based fluorescent sensors.
Preparation of Macroscopic Block‐Copolymer‐Based Gyroidal Mesoscale Single Crystals by Solvent Evaporation
Authors: Susca Ethan M. , Beaucage Peter A. , Thedford R. Paxton , Singer Andrej , Gruner Sol M. , Estroff Lara A. , Wiesner Ulrich
Published: August 2019

Properties arising from ordered periodic mesostructures are often obscured by small, randomly oriented domains and grain boundaries. Bulk macroscopic single crystals with mesoscale periodicity are needed to establish fundamental structure–property correlations for materials ordered at this length scale (10–100 nm). A solvent‐evaporation‐induced crystallization method providing access to large (millimeter to centimeter) single‐crystal mesostructures, specifically bicontinuous gyroids, in thick films (>100 µm) derived from block copolymers is reported. After in‐depth crystallographic characterization of single‐crystal block copolymer–preceramic nanocomposite films, the structures are converted into mesoporous ceramic monoliths, with retention of mesoscale crystallinity. When fractured, these monoliths display single‐crystal‐like cleavage along mesoscale facets. The method can prepare macroscopic bulk single crystals with other block copolymer systems, suggesting that the method is broadly applicable to block copolymer materials assembled by solvent evaporation. It is expected that such bulk single crystals will enable fundamental understanding and control of emergent mesostructure‐based properties in block‐copolymer‐directed metal, semiconductor, and superconductor materials.
Tactile Sensors for Advanced Intelligent Systems
Authors: Wang Chunfeng , Dong Lin , Peng Dengfeng , Pan Caofeng
Published: August 2019

With the capability of completing a task or achieving a goal in an uncertain environment while simultaneously having the characteristics of adaptability, self‐optimization, self‐diagnostics, and self‐maintenance, intelligent systems have witnessed extraordinary progress in recent years. These advances involve robotics, artificial intelligence and machine learning, automation, human–machine interfaces, the Internet of Things, control theory and control systems, smart and responsive materials, intelligent sensing systems, and programmed self‐assembly. As an active technology conveying mechanical stimuli to a wide range of electrical and optical signals, tactile sensors are essential elements of intelligent systems and have accelerated the emergence of advanced intelligent systems by enabling the accurate recognition and safe interaction of humans and machines, smart sensing of control systems, precise control of robotics, and synergetic work of artificial intelligent systems. Herein, the recent advances of tactile sensors for advanced intelligent systems are reviewed, emphasizing these with the working principles of piezoresistance, resistance, capacitance, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and optics. Representative examples of their applications in advanced intelligent systems, such as robotics, human–machine interfaces, and artificial intelligence, are explored. The remaining challenges and perspectives in this emerging field are also discussed.
A Strategy for Synthesizing Axially Chiral Naphthyl‐Indoles: Catalytic Asymmetric Addition Reactions of Racemic Substrates
Authors: Jiang Fei , Chen Ke‐Wei , Wu Ping , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Jiao Yinchun , Shi Feng
Published: August 2019

A new strategy for enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral naphthyl‐indoles has been established through catalytic asymmetric addition reactions of racemic naphthyl‐indoles with bulky electrophiles. Under chiral phosphoric acid catalysis, azodicarboxylates and o‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols served as bulky but reactive electrophiles that were attacked by C2‐unsubstituted naphthyl‐indoles, which underwent a dynamic kinetic resolution to afford two series of axially chiral naphthyl‐indoles in good yields (up to 98 %) and high enantioselectivities (up to 98:2 er).
The Role of Lipid Composition in the Sensory and Physical Properties of Lipsticks
Authors: Abidh Sarah , Cuvelier Gérard , de Clermont‐Gallerande Hélène , Navarro Séverine , Delarue Julien
Published: August 2019

The perception of lipstick texture upon application is a key driver of consumer satisfaction. However, formulators may only rely on the absence of knowledge about the relationship between ingredients and product sensory properties. Lipsticks are made of a complex anhydrous mixture that contains about 80% lipids (oils, waxes, and butters). The goal of this work was thus to investigate the combined effect of multiple lipid ingredients on the sensory and physical properties of a cosmetic product such as lipstick. To this end, we first analyzed a typical lipstick formula and its related categories of ingredients. This allowed us to create a simplified, yet realistic lipstick system. Based on this, we formulated 36 lipsticks varying in oil and butter composition according to three mixture designs. All products were evaluated by a panel of sensory experts—with a focus on the slipperiness and melting perception—and analyzed using texture measurements. The physical and sensory results both show that the oils had the strongest impact on the lipstick properties while the impact of the butter was negligible. Moreover, the perceived slipperiness of lipsticks was closely related to the viscosity of the oil mixture present in the formula (R2 = 0.87). Further analyses of lipstick physicochemical properties by differential scanning calorimetry suggest that the nature and amount of oil influence the crystallization of butter and wax, which could explain the dominant impact of the oils on the sensory and mechanical properties of lipsticks.
Distribution of CD147 During EnteropathogenicEscherichia coliandSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium Infections
Authors: Dhanda Aaron S. , Yu Connie , Guttman Julian A.
Published: August 2019

EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) andSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) are highly infectious gastrointestinal human pathogens. These microbes inject bacterial‐derived effector proteins directly into the host cell cytosol as part of their disease processes. A common host subcellular target of these pathogens is the actin cytoskeleton, which is commandeered by the bacteria and is used during their attachment onto (EPEC) or invasion into (S. Typhimurium) the host cells. We previously demonstrated that the host enzyme cyclophilin A (CypA) is recruited to the actin‐rich regions of EPEC pedestals andS. Typhimurium membrane ruffles. To further expand the growing catalogue of host proteins usurped by actin‐hijacking bacteria, we examined the host plasma membrane protein and cognate receptor of CypA, CD147, during EPEC andS. Typhimurium infections. Here, we show that CD147 is enriched at the basolateral regions of pedestals but, unlike CypA, it is absent from their actin‐rich core. We show that the CD147 recruitment to these areas requires EPEC pedestal formation and not solely bacteria‐host cell contact. Additionally, we demonstrate that the depletion of CD147 by siRNA does not alter the formation of pedestals. Finally, we show that CD147 is also a component of actin‐rich membrane ruffles generated duringS. Typhimurium invasion of host cells. Collectively, our findings establish CD147 as another host component present at dynamic actin‐rich structures formed during bacterial infections. Anat Rec, 302:2224–2232, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Critical Review: What Cell Types Are the Lung Telocytes?
Authors: Rusu Mugurel C. , Hostiuc Sorin , Fildan Ariadna P. , Tofolean Doina E.
Published: August 2019

Telocytes (TCs) are stromal cells defined by peculiar long, thin, moniliform prolongations known as telopodes. When isolated, their morphology often lacks the specificity for the proper definition of a particular cell type. Recent studies have linked TCs with different functions and different cell lineages. Although some authors have studied pulmonary TCs, their research has important limitations that we will attempt to summarize in this article. We will focus our analysis on the following: the culture methods used to study them, the lack of proper discrimination of TCs from lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), whose ultrastructures are very similar, and the immune phenotype of TCs, which may appear in other cell types such as those related to the endothelial lineage or stem/progenitor cells. In conclusion, the cellular diagnosis of lung TCs should be considered with caution until properly designed studies can positively identify these cells and differentiate them from other cell types such as LECs and stem/progenitor cells. Anat Rec, 303:1280–1292, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Ramification Pattern of the Arteries Supplying the Rabbit Female Genital Organs
Authors: Kigata Tetsuhito , Shibata Hideshi
Published: August 2019

Uterine adenocarcinoma occurs in more than 60% of female rabbits aged 4 years and over. To cure or prevent this uterine disorder, ovariohysterectomy should be performed. Although knowledge of the arterial supply to the ovary, uterus, and vagina is required, few studies have described the arterial anatomy. Therefore, we dissected ovarian, uterine, and vaginal arteries in 15 New Zealand White and 15 Japanese White rabbits to clarify the anatomy. The ovarian artery arose from the abdominal aorta, and in 50% of cases, the left artery emerged more cranially than the right artery. The ovarian artery provided the ovarian, uterine, and tubal branches with three branching types. The most frequent type (67% of the halves on the right and 63% of the halves on the left) exhibited three branches that independently arose from the ovarian artery. The uterine artery usually originated from the umbilical artery, with its ramification pattern divided into two types, having one or two uterine arteries, respectively. The most frequent type (all halves on the right and 83% of the halves on the left) had one uterine artery that originated from the umbilical artery. We observed three types of vaginal artery origins, with the branching type where the vaginal artery arose from the internal iliac artery being the most frequent (97% of the halves on the right and 90% of the halves on the left). The detailed arterial supply pattern of the rabbit female genital organs determined in the present study will be helpful when performing rabbit gynecological surgeries. Anat Rec, 303:1478–1488, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Gatifloxacin‐1,2,3‐triazole‐isatin hybrids and their antimycobacterial activities
Authors: Ding Zhen , Hou Panfei , Liu Bi
Published: August 2019

A series of gatifloxacin‐1,2,3‐triazole‐isatin hybrids 8a–l were designed, synthesized, and screened for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity as well as cytotoxicity toward Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The synthesized hybrids showed considerable activity against MTB H37Rv and two MDR‐MTB strains with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.25–8 μg/ml, and the hybrid 8a (MICMTB H37Rv: 0.25 μg/ml and MICMDR‐MTB: 0.5 and 1 μg/ml) was found to be most active against the tested strains, which was not inferior to the parent gatifloxacin (MIC: 0.5, 0.25, and 0.5 μg/ml) against all three tested strains, and was ≥128‐fold more active than isoniazid (MIC: ≥64 μg/ml) and rifampicin (MIC: >128 μg/ml) against the two MDR‐MTB strains. Moreover, hybrid 8a (CC50: 8.0 μg/ml) also displayed acceptable cytotoxicity toward CHO cells, and the selectivity index was 32. The structure–activity relationship and structure–cytotoxicity relationship were also enriched.
What is the return period of intense rainfall events in the capital cities of the northeast region of Brazil?
Authors: Oliveira Danilo Henrique Morais Castro , Lima Kellen Carla
Published: August 2019

The northeast of Brazil is characterized by a semiarid climate, in which there is a considerable temporal and spatial variability in the distribution of rainfall. In this region, the occurrence of intense rainfall events (IREs) causes severe damage to the population, given that the rampant urbanization and land use processes make cities more susceptible to harmful consequences. Thus, the objective of this study is to estimate the period and the level of return of IREs in the capital cities of the northeast Brazil. For that end, observed data from weather stations of the National Institute of Meteorology for the period from 1988 to 2017 were used. We defined thresholds based on the excesses above the mean and inserted the data in the generalized Pareto distribution in order to obtain diagnostics of future estimates. Results showed that return periods were surpassed in seven of the nine capital cities in 2018. Furthermore, the estimates for IREs with a return period of 5, 10, and 100 years were higher if compared to the return period of 1 year. The results found in this study are extremely relevant for the understanding of the occurrence of these events and also serve as a tool for decision‐making and the elaboration of policies aimed at minimizing the impacts of such events.
Developmental science concepts guide effective support of underrepresented STEM students
Authors: Singer‐Freeman Karen , Bastone Linda
Published: August 2019

Supportive programming is frequently designed to increase the success of underrepresented groups in STEM. In this article, we introduce three guiding concepts from developmental psychology (developmental trajectories, developmentally appropriate practices, and holism) and explain how they relate to effective support of students from underrepresented groups. We provide examples of successful applications of these principles in classes, degree programs, and research experiences. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):506–512, 2019.
Integrated reporting and capital markets in an international setting: The role of financial analysts
Authors: Flores Eduardo , Fasan Marco , Mendes‐da‐Silva Wesley , Sampaio Joelson Oliveira
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the interplay between integrated reporting (IR) and capital markets. In particular, building on voluntary disclosure and information processing theories, we hypothesize and empirically find that IR adoption improves analysts' ability to make accurate earnings forecasts. Whereas previous studies focus on the South African context, we rely on an international sample that also allows us to study the moderating effect of the corporate governance regime (shareholder or stakeholder oriented). The results suggest that IR improves analysts' ability to make accurate predictions to a larger extent in North America than in Europe, and we derive interesting insights on the much‐debated nature of IR. This study offers valuable insights to policy makers interested in improving disclosure practices in the financial market.
Three decades and still counting (the wrong things): An analysis of three reports on the possibility and practicality of shifting our academic currency from credit hours to competencies
Authors: Garn Myk
Published: August 2019

This study examines three milestone reports on competency‐based education (CBE) policy that were produced between 2002 and 2015 to identify whether additional arguments, not made in the three reports, could be formulated to increase the pace of transition from credit hours to competencies as the measure of academic learning. Using content analysis, frequency of topics and categorization within five change driver categories (social–cultural; economy and economics; policy and politics; teaching, learning, and technology; workforce) the study concludes that most arguments were made in the policy and teaching, learning, and technology categories implying that arguments based in the economics (cost) and social–cultural drivers could increase the pace of transition to competencies. The study specifically identifies emphasis on the equity of competency‐based instruction, pacing, and assessment over the current credit hour model as having significant potential to shift and increase the pace of CBE adoption.
Retracted: Control of Nanoparticle Release by Membrane Composition for Dual‐Responsive Nanocapsules
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Wang Xueyi , Voit Brigitte , Appelhans Dietmar
Published: August 2019

Stimulus‐responsive polymeric nanocapsules usable as cell mimics can be engineered to precisely control cargo release. This work reports the release behavior of post‐loaded nanoparticles through permeable membranes of stable pH and temperature dual‐responsive polymeric nanocapsules (CP1, CP2, and CP3) with the same membrane thickness but different membrane composition, prepared by layer‐by‐layer assembly and surface‐initiated single electron transfer living radical polymerization, respectively. These nanocapsules differ in their tunable membrane permeability for post‐loaded nanoparticles as protein mimics, tailored by pH and temperature stimuli. Release mechanisms are dominated by membrane composition, such as polyelectrolyte multilayer membrane for CP1, pure cationic membrane for CP2, and valve‐like functions for CP3. Thus, one can postulate the main locations of post‐loaded protein mimics in the different nanocapsules. Understanding the post‐loading and diffusion mechanism of nanoparticles through permeable membranes in cell mimics paves the way for the construction of new “smart” synthetic protocells with control over the exchange of bioactive nanoparticles between different compartments.
Hierarchical MoP Hollow Nanospheres Anchored on a N,P,S‐Doped Porous Carbon Matrix as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yang Wang , Tian Jingbo , Hou Liqiang , Deng Bijian , Wang Shuo , Li Rui , Yang Fan , Li Yongfeng
Published: August 2019

Developing efficient, nonprecious, and durable electrocatalysts with favorable nanostructures is a persistent challenge yet is significant for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, for the first time, a rationally designed strategy is reported for the synthesis of hierarchical hollow MoP nanospheres anchored on N,P,S co‐doped porous carbon (hs‐MoP/NPSC). Importantly, the porous shell of the hollow nanosphere is constructed of a number of interwoven MoP subunits, which is beneficial for exposing surface active sites as much as possible and promoting the mass transport during the HER process. In addition, the heteroatom‐enriched porous carbon networks can further reduce the electron/ion transfer resistance. As expected, the hs‐MoP/NPSC electrocatalyst exhibits an encouraging HER activity with a low overpotential of only 70 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope, and long‐term durability in alkaline media, outperforming most of reported Pt‐free MoP‐based electrocatalysts to date. This present work not only develops a highly efficient electrocatalyst for HER but also opens up opportunities to engineer novel architectures for various applications.
A distance–performance trade‐off in the phenotypic basis of dispersal
Authors: Addis Brett R. , Tobalske Bret W. , Davenport Jon M. , Lowe Winsor H.
Published: August 2019

Across taxa, individuals vary in how far they disperse, with most individuals staying close to their origin and fewer dispersing long distances. Costs associated with dispersal (e.g., energy, risk) are widely believed to trade off with benefits (e.g., reduced competition, increased reproductive success) to influence dispersal propensity. However, this framework has not been applied to understand variation in dispersal distance, which is instead generally attributed to extrinsic environmental factors. We alternatively hypothesized that variation in dispersal distances results from trade‐offs associated with other aspects of locomotor performance. We tested this hypothesis in the stream salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus and found that salamanders that dispersed farther in the field had longer forelimbs but swam at slower velocities under experimental conditions. The reduced swimming performance of long‐distance dispersers likely results from drag imposed by longer forelimbs. Longer forelimbs may facilitate moving longer distances, but the proximate costs associated with reduced swimming performance may help to explain the rarity of long‐distance dispersal. The historical focus on environmental drivers of dispersal distances misses the importance of individual traits and associated trade‐offs among traits affecting locomotion.
Non‐covalent Immobilization of Iron‐triazole (Fe(Htrz)3) Molecular Mediator in Mesoporous Silica Films for the Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Ahoulou Samuel , Vilà Neus , Pillet Sébastien , Schaniel Dominik , Walcarius Alain
Published: August 2019

Mesoporous silica thin films encapsulating a molecular iron‐triazole complex, Fe(Htrz)3 (Htrz=1,2,4,‐1H‐triazole), have been generated by electrochemically assisted self‐assembly (EASA) on indium‐tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The obtained modified electrodes are characterized by well‐defined voltammetric signals corresponding to the FeII/III centers of the Fe(Htrz)3 species immobilized into the films, indicating fast electron transfer processes and stable operational stability. This is due to the presence of a high density of redox probes in the material (1.6×10−4 mol g−1 Fe(Htrz)3 in the mesoporous silica film) enabling efficient charge transport by electron hopping. The mesoporous films are uniformly deposited over the whole electrode surface and they are characterized by a thickness of 110 nm and a wormlike mesostructure directed by the template role played by Fe(Htrz)3 species in the EASA process. These species are durably immobilized in the material (they are not removed by solvent extraction). The composite mesoporous material (denoted Fe(Htrz)3@SiO2) is then used for the electrocatalytic detection of hydrogen peroxide, which can be performed by amperometry at an applied potential of −0.4 V versus Ag/AgCl and by flow injection analysis. The organic‐inorganic hybrid film electrode displays good sensitivity for H2O2 sensing over a dynamic range from 5 to 300 μM, with a detection limit estimated at 2 μM.
Reactive microglia and astrocytes in neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage model are blocked by mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kim Seojeong , Kim Young Eun , Hong Sujeong , Kim Kyung‐Tai , Sung Dong Kyung , Lee Yunjeong , Park Won Soon , Chang Yun Sil , Song Mi‐Ryoung
Published: August 2019

Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in premature infants triggers reactive gliosis, causing acute neuronal death and glial scar formation. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has often showed improved CNS recovery in an IVH model, but whether this response is related to reactive glial cells is still unclear. Herein, we suggest that MSCs impede the response of reactive microglia rather than astrocytes, thereby blocking neuronal damage. Astrocytes alone showed mild reactiveness under hemorrhagic conditions mimicked by thrombin treatment, and this was not blocked by MSC‐conditioned medium (MSC‐CM) in vitro. In contrast, thrombin‐induced microglial activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines were inhibited by MSC‐CM. Interestingly, astrocytes showed greater reactive response when co‐cultured with microglia, and this was abolished in the presence of MSC‐CM. Gene expression profiles in microglia revealed that transcript levels of genes for immune response and proinflammatory cytokines were altered by thrombin treatment. This result coincided with the robust phosphorylation of STAT1 and p38 MAPK, which might be responsible for the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, application of MSC‐CM diminished thrombin‐mediated phosphorylation of STAT1 and p38 MAPK, supporting the acute anti‐inflammatory role of MSCs under hemorrhagic conditions. In line with this, activation of microglia and consequent cytokine release were impaired in Stat1‐null mice. However, reactive response in Stat1‐deficient astrocytes was maintained. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MSCs mainly block the activation of microglia involving STAT1‐mediated cytokine release and subsequent reduction of reactive astrocytes.
Development and evaluation of the HaptiWatch with a smart notification system
Authors: Sim Jaemoon , Yim Yonghwan , Kim Kyungdoh
Published: August 2019

In this study, we developed a new type of smartwatch, the HaptiWatch, which has notification functions that are not present in analog watches that lack a high‐resolution display. The HaptiWatch also has a priority‐filtering function that distinguishes notifications by their importance. Notification information is encoded as light and haptic pulses which allow users to recognize the type and importance of the notification without having to see the watch. To evaluate the user experience (UX) of the HaptiWatch's new notification system, a comparative study was conducted together with the notification system of the Samsung Galaxy Gear S3 Frontier, a well‐known smartwatch. The UX evaluation results indicate that the notification system of the HaptiWatch provides an experience that is comparable to that of the Gear S3.
Estradiol and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone as Predictors of Onset of Menopause Transition-Related Bone Loss in Pre- and Perimenopausal Women
Authors: Shieh Albert , Greendale Gail A , Cauley Jane A , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie , Crandall Carolyn J , Karlamangla Arun S
Published: August 2019

The menopause transition (MT) may be an opportunity for early intervention to prevent rapid bone loss. To intervene early, we need to be able to prospectively identify pre- and perimenopausal women who are beginning to lose bone. This study examined whether estradiol (E2), or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), measured in pre- and perimenopausal women, can predict significant bone loss by the next year. Bone loss was considered significant if bone mineral density (BMD) decline at the lumbar spine (LS) or femoral neck (FN) from a pre- or early perimenopausal baseline to 1 year after the E2 or FSH measurement was greater than the least detectable change. We used data from 1559 participants in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation and tested E2 and FSH as separate predictors using repeated measures modified Poisson regression. Adjusted for MT stage, age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index, women with lower E2 (and higher FSH) were more likely to lose BMD: At the LS, each halving of E2 and each doubling of FSH were associated with 10% and 39% greater risk of significant bone loss, respectively (p < 0.0001 for each). At the FN, each halving of E2 and each doubling of FSH were associated with 12% (p = 0.01) and 27% (p < 0.001) greater risk of significant bone loss. FSH was more informative than E2 (assessed by the area under the receiver-operator curve) at identifying women who were more versus less likely to begin losing bone, especially at the LS. Prediction was better when hormones were measured in pre- or early perimenopause than in late perimenopause. Tracking within-individual change in either hormone did not predict onset of bone loss better than a single measure. We conclude that measuring FSH in the MT can help prospectively identify women with imminent or ongoing bone loss at the LS. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.