bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life history traits and biogeographic features shaped the complex evolutionary history of an iconic apex predator (Galeocerdo cuvier).
Authors: Lesturgie Pierre , Lainé Hugo , Suwalski Arnaud , Chifflet-Belle Pascaline , Delser Pierpaolo Maisano , Clua Eric , Jaquemet Sébastien , Magalon Hélène , Mona Stefano
Published: May 2022

Background. The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) is a large iconic marine predator inhabiting worldwide tropical and subtropical waters. So far, only mitochondrial markers and microsatellites studies have investigated its worldwide historical demography with inconclusive outcomes. Here, we assessed for the first time the genomic variability of tiger shark by Rad-sequencing 50 individuals from five sampling sites in the Indo-Pacific (IP) and one in the Atlantic Ocean (AO) to decipher the extent of the global connectivity and its demographic history. Results. Clustering algorithm, FST and an approximate Bayesian computation framework revealed the presence of two clusters corresponding to the two oceanic basins. By modelling the two-dimensional site frequency spectrum, we tested alternative isolation/migration scenarios between these two populations. We found the highest support for a divergence time of ~193,000 years before present (B.P) and an ongoing but limited asymmetric migration ~176 times larger from the IP to the AO (Nm~3.9) than vice versa (Nm~0.02). Conclusions. The two oceanic regions are isolated by a strong barrier to dispersal more permeable from the IP to the AO through the Agulhas leakage. We finally emphasized contrasting recent demographic histories for the two regions, with the IP characterized by a recent bottleneck around 2,000 years B.P. and the AO by an expansion starting 6,000 years B.P. The large differentiation between the two oceanic regions and the absence of population structure within highlight the existence of two large management units and call for future conservation programs at the oceanic rather than local scale, particularly in the Indo-Pacific where the population is declining.
Inhibitory antibacterial activity of two novel dihydroxy fatty acids and other constituents from the stem bark of Trichilia gilgiana Harms (Meliaceae)
Authors: Kengne Michael Hermann Kamdem , Talla Rostan Mangoua , Morifi Eric , Bodju Sandra Nyanda , Kemkuignou Blondelle Matio , Tata Charlotte Mungho , Melacheu Gertrude Laura Foudjo , Fotsing Marthe Carine Djuidjeu , Mmutlane Edwin Mpho , Ndinteh Derek Tantoh
Published: May 2022

Two novel dihydroxy-fatty acids, gilgianic acid (1), phenylgilgianic acid (2) together with four known compounds: ß-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4), sitosterol-3-O-ß-D-glycoside (5) and lupeol (6) were isolated from the stem bark of Trichilia gilgiana. The structures of compounds 1–6 were elucidated based on spectroscopic (1 D and 2 D NMR) and HR-ESI-MS data as well as comparison with relevant literature data. This study reports for the first time the isolation of fatty acids from the genus Trichilia. Compounds 3–6 had already been isolated from trichilia genus. The crude extract and compounds 1–5 were tested for their inhibitory effect against a panel of bacterial strains using the microdilution technique with ampicillin, nalidixic acid and streptomycin as standard drugs. The crude extract and the tested compounds were found to exhibit significant activity against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella aerogenes with a MIC value of 2.3 µg/mL. Compounds 3 and 5 were also found to be active against Enterococcus faecalis with a MIC value of 2.3 µg/mL.
Herb-Symptom analysis of Erchen Decoction combined Xiebai Powder prescription and its mechanism of action in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ye Hua , He Beibei , Yu Ziwei , Feng Yifan , Wen Chuanbiao , Feng Quansheng
Published: May 2022

Background
In this study, Herb-Symptom analysis of Erchen Decoction combined Xiebai Powder (ECXB) prescription was conducted based on the SymMap platform, and the synergistic mechanism of this prescription in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was explored by network pharmacology and molecular docking method.
Methods
The SymMap platform was used to collect information related to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptoms and Modern Medicine (MM) symptoms prescribed by ECXB, and the “Herb-TCM Symptoms” network and “Herb-MM symptoms” network were drawn for Herb-Symptom analysis. TCMSP database was used to screen the active ingredients and corresponding targets of ECXB. GeneCards database was used to screen Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related targets, which were mapped to the predicted targets of ECXB to obtain the action targets of ECXB in the treatment of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cytoscape software was used to construct the “Drug-ingredient-target” network. Protein-protein Interaction (PPI) network was analyzed by STRING database, and the core targets were obtained. DAVID database was used for Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis.
Results
Herb-Symptom analysis showed that ECXB prescription drugs had similar symptoms with COPD patients. Network pharmacology obtained 170 active ingredients with 137 corresponding targets, and 7002 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease action targets were obtained. 120 ECXB treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease joint action targets were obtained by intersection mapping, among which the core targets include MAPK8, ESR1, TP53, MAPK3, JUN, RELA, MAPK1, and AKT1. The GO enrichment analysis results indicated that ECXB mainly participates in response to drug, response to nutrient levels, response to extracellular stimulus, response to oxygen levels, and other biological processes. The pathway analysis showed that ECXB treating Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by regulating hepatitis B, pathways in cancer, TNF signaling pathway, and so on.
Conclusions
This study analyzed the medication rule of ECXB prescription in the treatment of COPD from a new perspective, and found that the symptoms of TCM treatment with ECXB prescription were similar to those of Modern medicine treatment, and that ECXB could treat COPD through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway synergistic effects, providing a scientific basis for further study on the mechanism of ECXB treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It also provides new ideas for drug development.
Evaluation and countermeasures of Chinese family doctor contracted service from the perspective of demander -- a case study of a city
Authors: Liu Songyi , Meng Wenqi , Yu Qianqian , Peng Haibo , Jiang Xiaoli , Li Zixin , Yin Wenqiang , Chen Zhongming , Ma Dongping , Sun Kui
Published: May 2022

Background: From the perspective of the demander, the purpose of the study is to find out the weak link of the family doctor contracted service in a city, that is, to optimize the effect of the family doctor contracted service in China.Methods: In this study, a city in Shandong Province, China was selected as the sample city. In January 2020, 1098 contracted residents (including 40.5% men and 59.5% women) from 18 primary medical institutions (including township health centers and community health centers) were selected for on-site investigation. The PCAT-AS scale revised in Chinese was used as the research tool to understand the treatment experience of contracted residents in primary medical institutions.Results: Among the four core dimensions of PCAT-AS, the score of Continuous was the highest (3.44 ± 0.58); The score of Coordinated was the lowest (3.08 ± 0.66); Among the three derived dimensions, the score of Family-centeredness was the highest (3.33 ± 0.65); The score of Culturally-competent was the lowest (2.93 ± 0.77). The PCAT scores of contracted residents with different demographic characteristics such as contracted institution, age, education level, marital status and occupation were statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusions: The family doctor contracted service in the city has achieved certain results. At the same time, there are still some problems, such as difficult access to outpatient services during nonworking hours and incomplete service items. It is suggested that primary medical institutions further improve their service capacity in the dimensions of Coordinated and Comprehensiveness, in order to provide better services for contracted residents.
Immune Cell Infiltration Reveals Dynamic Changes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure
Authors: Xu Jiachen , Liu Sijia , Wang Jiang , Lin Xiufang , Zhou Jianghua
Published: May 2022

Heart failure is a global public health problem, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is one of the pathologic processes which can develop into heart failure. The purpose of this study was to explore changes in typical pathway activity, sift and verify effective biomarkers for providing a possible way to block disease progression. The GSE32453 and GSE1145 data sets were analyzed by short time sequence expression (STEM) and CIBERSORT analysis. The module genes with high correlation were identified by co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) screening and differential analysis. The common genes were obtained by intersection analysis. The enrichment analysis of these genes and the protein interaction network (PPI) analysis were constructed. The area under the ROC (AUC) was calculated by selecting the genes with the top 100 degrees of connectivity in the PPI network, and the genes with AUC values greater than 0.99 were analyzed by intersection again in the GSE36961 and GSE2656 datasets, resulting in a T-test, and P < 0.05 was considered as a key gene. The activity of the immune-related pathway was up-regulated, and the activity of substance transport and signal transduction pathway was down-regulated. Toll and other typical pathways play an important role in disease development. Five genes, JAK2, PLCE1, CD86, MYB, and IL13RA1, were considered as biomarkers. Among the 22 immune cells, Naïve B Cells had the highest abundance, followed by Plasma cells and M2 macrophages.In the progression of HCM to HF, we identified several potential diagnostic genes and mechanisms for changes in typical pathway activity.
Spatiotemporal Risk Assessment of Agricultural Drought Disasters in Aman Rice Growing Season in Western Bangladesh
Authors: Jion Most. Mastura Munia Farjana , Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Mallick Javed , Das Samiran , I Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul
Published: May 2022

Agricultural drought (AGD) is among the most well-known and devastating natural disasters on the globe, wreaking havoc on rain-fed agricultural countries, including Bangladesh. The Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation and a crop coefficient model were used to assess the spatial and temporal variability of the rainfed Aman rice season in western Bangladesh between 1980 and 2017. To reveal the spatiotemporal changes in drought during the Aman rice growing phases in western Bangladesh, the crop water deficit index (CWDI) was developed for AGD evaluation. In addition, based on risk formation theory, this study intends to construct a drought disaster risk index (DDRI) for rain-fed Aman rice for various growth phases. The results revealed that the crop water deficit was found to be the lowest in the vegetative phase and the highest in the ripening phase. Among all the areas, the CWDI was highest in the Rangpur and Rajshahi regions. Drought risk was relatively higher in the late phase of the crop growing period due to high temperatures, inadequate rainfall, climatic characteristics, and geographical setting. Precipitation, evapotranspiration, and a rapidly changing climate all contributed to variations in crop water deficits in the study region. Crop yields were reduced in all sub-areas. Spatially, higher values of DDRI were observed in the northern areas of western Bangladesh. New adaptive measures and policies are essential to improve the adaptability and mitigation capacity of AGD risk. Finally, this study suggests that farm-level adaptation, cropping patterns, and drought-resistant crops should be introduced in the study region.
Iroquois homeobox gene 2 as a novel prognostic marker that dysregulated in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Zhen , Xiao Ping , Qu Bin , Sun Lisa
Published: May 2022

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), is one of the deadliest and most common types of cancer. Homeobox-containing genes are evolutionary conserved regulators that play important roles in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. We discovered that seven dysregulated homeobox-containing genes with prognostic value in LUAD. Furthermore, we showed that Iroquois homeobox (IRX)2 is enriched in normal lung tissues but dysregulated in LUAD. IRX2 is an independent prognostic marker in LUAD in univariate and multivariate Cox proportional and further confirmed in Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Furthermore, patients with long-term survival had significantly higher IRX2 expression levels in public LUAD dataset. Meanwhile, methylation level of IRX2 promoter region was increased in TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and was linked to a decreased overall survival rate in patients. The results of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that IRX2-related genes were enriched humoral immune and also in tumorigenesis pathways such as G2/M checkpoint and mTOR pathways. Early research suggested that IRXs play a role in lung morphogenesis, but their pathological role in LUAD is unknown. These findings suggest that IRX2 dysregulation may play a role in the development of LUAD tumors and could be used as a novel prognostic marker for LUAD patients.
Comparative Assessment of The Willems Dental Age Estimation Methods: A Chinese Population-Based Radiographic Study
Authors: Wang Jian , Fan Linfeng , Sui Meizhi , Shen Shihui , Zhou Jiaxin , Yuan Xiaoyan , Wu Yiwen , Zhong Pingping , Ji Fang , Tao Jiang
Published: May 2022

Objectives
The objective of the work was to assess the accuracy of the two Willems dental age estimation methods (gender-specific (Willems I) and non-gender-specific (Willems II)) in a Chinese population.
Materials and Methods
A total of 1211 oral panoramic radiographs (582 boys and 629 girls) of the Chinese Han population aged 11-to-16-year-old were collected. Dental ages (DAs) were calculated using the Willems method. Statistical significance was set at a p-value < 0.05. Age differences between chronological age (CA) and dental age were analyzed by paired t-tests and mean absolute error (MAE).
Results
The differences between CA and DA determined by the Willems I method were + 0.44 and + 0.09 years for boys and girls, respectively. When using the Willems II method, these differences were + 0.57 and − 0.09. The MAEs of the Willems I method between DA and CA were 0.95 and 1.00 years in boys and girls, respectively. For Willems II, MAEs were 1.02 and 1.00 years in boys and girls.
Conclusions
This study showed that the Willems I method was more accurate than the Willems method in the boys’ group for predicting age. While the Willems is more competitive in the girls' group. Neither method may be satisfactory for 11-to-16-year-old teenagers in Eastern China.
Microcomputed tomographic analysis of the efficiency of two retreatment techniques in removing root canal filling materials from mandibular incisors
Authors: YANG Xueqin , Wang Ye , JI Mengzhen , LI Yanyao , WANG Hao , LUO Tao , GAO Yuan , ZOU Ling
Published: May 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal effect of the ProTaper Next system (PTN) combined with manual nickel-titanium Hedström (MNiTiH) files or with chloroform on root canal filling materials of mandibular incisors by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT).Materials and Methods: Sixty-four extracted human mandibular incisors were selected and assigned to two groups (n=32) based on root canal morphology investigated by micro-CT after instrumentation. Two subgroups (n=16) were formed based on two methods (PTN combined with MNiTiH or chloroform) of removing root canal filling materials. Specimens were scanned with micro-CT before and after canal instrumentation, after obturation and retreatment. The volume of residual filling materials (RFMs) and the surface area of the root canal covered by RFMs were analyzed, and the time taken for removing the filling materials and apical extrusion was recorded.Results: A smaller percentage of the volume of RFMs and less root canal surface area covered by RFMs occurred in samples in the PTN combined with MNiTiH group and with round-shaped canal incisors (P<0.05). RFMs in the apical third were significantly greater than those in the middle and coronal thirds of the root (P<0.05). Both the time taken to reach the working length and to achieve filling material removal were not significantly different in all groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the extruded apical debris of different root canal forms (P>0.05), but the extruded apical debris was significantly less in samples in the PTN combined with MNiTiH groups than in samples in the PTN combined with chloroform groups (P<0.05).Conclusions: Neither of the two methods rendered root canals completely free from filling materials. Compared with PTN combined with chloroform, PTN combined with MNiTiH could remove root canal filling materials more efficiently and reduce the extruded apical debris. During root canal retreatment, the oval-root canal system presented an anatomical challenge compared to the round-canal mandibular incisor.Clinical Relevance: The ProTaper Next combined with manual nickel-titanium Hedström files could remove root canal filling materials more efficiently and reduce the extruded apical debris. The oval-root canal system presented an anatomical challenge compared to the round-canal mandibular incisors.
Combination carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel as a first-line treatment for advanced thymic carcinoma
Authors: Manaka Hiroya , Igawa Satoshi , Yamamoto Michiko , Oguri Akito , Manabe Hideaki , kasajima Masashi , Kusuhara Seiichiro , Hosotani Shinji , Nakahara Yoshiro , Sato Takashi , Fukui Tomoya , Hisashi Mitsufuji , Sasaki Jiichiro , Naoki Katsuhiko
Published: May 2022

Background: Thymic carcinoma is a very rare neoplasm for which no optimal chemotherapeutic regimen has been established to date. Hence, we performed this study to investigate the efficacy and safety of carboplatin plus nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel as a first-line regimen for patients with advanced thymic carcinoma.Patients and methods: We conducted this multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of patients with advanced thymic carcinoma who had received carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel as a first-line chemotherapy between August 2013 and December 2021. Results: Twelve patients were included in this study and were subjected to efficacy and safety analysis. Their median age was 62 years (range, 47–74 years), and all had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0 or 1. After a median follow-up time of 19.7 months, the overall response rate was 50%; the median progression-free and overall survival times were 8.8 months and 23.3 months, respectively. Chemotherapy-related peripheral neuropathy was observed in 2 patients (16%; each with grade 1). Other toxicities were manageable, and there were no treatment-related deaths.Conclusion: Carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel as a first-line chemotherapy regimen showed good efficacy and safety in patients with advanced thymic carcinoma.
Efficacy and Safety of Pyronaridine-Artesunate Versus Artemether-Lumefantrine in the Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Malaria in Children in South-West Nigeria: An open- labelled randomized controlled trial
Authors: Falade Catherine Olufunke , Orimadegun Adebola Emanuel , Olusola Fiyinfoluwa Ibukun , Michael Obaro S. , Anjorin Oluwafunmibi Enitan , Funwei Roland Ibenipere , Adedapo Aduragbenro Deborah , Olusanya Abiola Lukman , Orimadegun Bose E. , Moluolu Olugbenga Ayodeji
Published: May 2022

Background: Declining responsiveness to artemether-lumefantrine (AL), the ACT of choice since 2005, has been reported in Nigeria. Pyronaridine-artesunate (PA) is a newer fixed-dose ACT recently included in the WHO list of prequalified medicines for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. However, data from the Nigerian paediatric population is scarce. Therefore, we compared the efficacy and safety of pyronaridine-artesunate with artemether-lumefantrine using the WHO 28-day antimalarial efficacy protocol in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria.Method: In an open-labelled randomized controlled clinical trial children aged 3 to 144 months with a history of fever and microscopically confirmed Plasmodium falciparum malaria were enrolled. Enrolees were randomly assigned to receive pyronaridine–artesunate or artemether–lumefantrine at standard dosages according to bodyweight, for 3 days. Venous blood was obtained for haematology, blood chemistry and liver function tests on days 0, 3, 7, and 28 as part of safety evaluation.Results: One hundred and sixty-five (95.9%; 165/172) enrolees completed the study. About half [52.3%; 90/172] of enrolees were male. Eighty-seven (50.6%) received artemether-lumefantrine while 85 (49.4%) received pyronaridine-artesunate. Day 28 adequate clinical and parasitological response for pyronaridine-artesunate was 92.7% [(76/82) 95% CI: 83.1, 95.9] and 71.1% [(59/83) 95% CI: 60.4, 79.9] for artemether-lumefantrine (ρ<0.001). PCR-corrected cure rates were similar for PA and AL as all parasite recurrences [PA = 6 (7.3%); AL = 24 (28.9%)] were re-infections. Haematological recovery at day-28 was significantly better among pyronaridine-artesunate treated patients (34.9% ± 2.8) compared to those treated with artemether-lumefantrine (33.1% ±3.0) [ρ = 0.002]. Adverse events in both treatment arms were fever, chills and rigors, anorexia, cough and headache, similar to symptoms observed during malaria infection. Blood chemistry and liver function tests were mostly within normal limits, with an occasional marginal rise. There was no serious adverse event in both arms of the study. Conclusion: The two ACTs were well-tolerated. Pyronaridine-artesunate has a higher ACPR than artemether-lumefantrine in the per-protocol-population and a non-inferiority response after PCR correction in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Nigerian children. The results of this study support the inclusion of pyronaridine-artesunate in the antimalaria treatment guidelines in Nigeria.Retrospective Trial Registration in Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05192265
Microbiological findings in prepubertal and pubertal girls with vulvovaginitis
Authors: Baka Stavroula , Demeridou Stiliani , Kaparos George , Tsoutsouras Konstantinos , Touloumakos Sotirios , Dagre Maria , Meretaki Sofia , Chasiakou Anthia , Koumaki Vasiliki , Tsakris Athanasios
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Vulvovaginitis is a common and challenging gynaecological problem in prepubertal and pubertal girls. Such an infection, owing to a wide range of aetiologies, if not responding to hygienic measures, needs further investigation through vaginal cultures, since treatment should be tailored accordingly. This study aimed to investigate the pathogens isolated in prepubertal and pubertal girls with signs and symptoms of vulvovaginitis.Methods: A total of 2314 symptomatic girls, 1094 prepubertal and 1220 pubertal, aged 2 to 16 years were included. Vaginal samples were inoculated on specific culture plates followed by incubation in aerobic, anaerobic or CO2 atmosphere at 37°C for 24 or 48 hours, as appropriate. The identification of the isolated pathogens was carried out using Gram stain, conventional methods and the automated system VITEK 2 (BioMerieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France).Results: Positive cultures were obtained from 587 (53.7%) of prepubertal girls and 926 (75.9%) of pubertal girls. A total of 613 and 984 pathogens were detected in prepubertal and pubertal subjects, respectively. Isolated bacteria included 40.1% and 22.8% Gram-positive cocci, 35.6% and 24.8% Gram-negative rods in the prepubertal and pubertal groups, respectively, with fecal pathogens being the most prevalent. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 22.8% of prepubertal and 37.9% of pubertal girls. Candida species were isolated mostly in the pubertal girls (14.5%).Conclusions: Culture results should be evaluated with caution in children with vulvovaginitis. In the prepubertal girls the most common isolated pathogens were opportunistic bacteria of faecal origin while girls in late puberty were more susceptible to bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis.
A TTN-mutation-associated gene signature for prognostic prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bi Yanqing , Huang rong , Zhang ziying , Tian Zixuan , Liu min , Bao Han , Yan tao , Zhang nan , Xia yuan , Zhang xingguang
Published: May 2022

Background: Mutation in titin (TTN), associated with a worsened prognosis, is among the most common genetic variants in human hepatocellular carcinoma. mRNA expression data and TTN mutation information from TCGA cohort were utilized to characterize a specific TTN-mutation-associated signature according to gene-expression differences between wild type (TTN-WT) and TTN-mutated (TTN-MUT) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. In total, 189 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) potentially correlated with TTN mutation status were identified. Five genes (VAX1, MMP3, CXCL5, TKTL1 and KCNA3), identified by univariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, constituted an independent OS prognostic gene signature in HCC patients. Depending on this gene signature, patients were grouped into high- and low-risk subgroups and a significant enrichment associated with immunity is detected between the risk groups. In addition, the high-risk group was associated with an abundance of macrophages and neutrophils, while the infiltration indices of T follicular helper cells, natural killer cells, and type 2 helper T cells (Th2) were lower compared to low-risk group. In the multivariate Cox regression model, the five-gene signature remained a significant predictor independent of other conventional clinical risk factors used for survival prediction in HCC patients. MMP3 and CXCL5 expression were further validated in HCC cell lines.Results: We established a novel and unique TTN-mutation-related gene signature for survival outcome prediction for HCC patients. Conclusion: Our research foundings display a specific mechanism of TTN mutation and hold promise for the identification of HCC patients with poor prognosis.
Pediatric emergency care admissions for somatic symptom disorders during the COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Turco Rossella , Russo M. , Lenta S. , Apicella A. , Gagliardo T. , Savoia F. , Corona A.M. , De Fazio F. , Bernardo P. , Tipo V.
Published: May 2022

Aims: During the COVID-19 pandemic, children and adolescents with a psychiatric disorder experienced exacerbation of their symptoms with more accesses in Emergency Department (ED). However, little is known about the experience of somatic symptom disorders (SSDs) during the COVID 19 pandemic in children. Therefore, we aimed to compare the rates of pediatric ED admissions for SSDs before and during COVID-19 pandemic and to understand whether the relative risk of ED admissions for SSDs changed between the two periods. Methods: We enrolled all children admitted for SSDs in pediatric ED of Santobono-Pausilipon Hospital, Naples, Italy, from March 11th, 2020 to March 11 th, 2021 (pandemic period) and in the same time period of the previous year (pre-pandemic period). Results: We identified 205/95743 (0,21%) children with SSDs presenting in ED in pre-pandemic year and 160/40165 (0,39%) in pandemic year (p<0.05). Considering the accesses for age we observed a decrease of the accesses for SSDs over 12 years old (IRR 0,59;CI 0,39-0,88) while we found no differences under 12 years old (IRR 0,87; CI 0.68-1,10). Conclusions: In this retrospective study we found that despite the massive decrease of the pediatric admissions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, somatic symptom disorders admissions to the pediatric ED increased ,suggesting an impact of the pandemic also on the pediatric psychiatric disorders.
Global COVID-19 Case Fatality Rates Influenced by Inequalities in Human Development and Vaccination Rates
Authors: Nuhu Kaamel , Humagain Kamal , Alorbi Genevieve , Thomas Sabena , Blavos Alexis , Placide Vierne
Published: May 2022

Aim: COVID-19 has exerted distress on virtually every aspect of human life with disproportionate mortality burdens on older individuals and those with underlying medical conditions. Variations in COVID-19 incidence and case fatality rates (CFRs) across countries have incited a growing research interest regarding the effect of social factors on COVID-19 case-loads and fatality rates. Our aim in this study was to investigate the effect of population median age, inequalities in human development, healthcare capacity, and pandemic mitigation indicators on country-specific COVID-19 CFRs across countries and regions. Subject and Methods: Using population secondary data from multiple sources, we conducted a cross-sectional study and used geospatial analysis to compare regional differences in COVID-19 CFRs as influenced by the selected indicators. Results: The analysis revealed wide variations in COVID-19 CFRs and the selected indicators across countries and regions. Mean CFR was highest for South America at 1.973% and lowest for Oceania at 0.264%, while the Africa sub-region recorded the lowest scores for pandemic preparedness, vaccination rate, and other indicators. Population Median Age, Vaccination Rate and Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) emerged as statistically significant predictors of COVID-19 CFR, with directions indicating increasing Population Median Age, higher inequalities in human development and low vaccination rate are predictive of higher fatalities from COVID-19. Conclusion: Regional differences in COVID-19 CFR may be influenced by underlying differences in sociodemographic and pandemic mitigation indicators. Populations with wide social inequalities, increased population Median Age and low vaccination rates are more likely to suffer higher fatalities from COVID-19.
Acceptability of the short message service (SMS) as a tool for malaria treatment adherence in the Brazilian Amazon: a qualitative study
Authors: Rodovalho Sheila Rodrigues , Dias Ádila Liliane Barros , Ade Maria Paz , Saint-Gerons Diego Macias , Castro Jose Luis , Beratarrechea Andrea , Murta Felipe Leão Gomes , Santos Alicia Patrine Cacau dos , Marques Leonardo Lincoln Gomes , Sampaio Vanderson Souza , Baia-da-Silva Djane Clarys , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo
Published: May 2022

Background: Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with billions of people living in malaria transmission areas. Patient adherence to prescribed antimalarial medication is the main and essential element of the ideal treatment. Methods: In the present study, we evaluated, through a qualitative analysis, the acceptability of sending short message system (SMS) in the adherence to the treatment of Malaria vivax in the Amazon region. Patient aged less then 16 years old starting treatment for uncomplicated vivax malaria; with a mobile phone for personal use and consenting to receive free SMS and follow-up calls were recruited. SMS text messages was developed according to treatment regimens. Telephone depth interviews was reached with proposal sample of 14 participants. A semi-structured interview guide was used with 17 open questions. Results: During the analysis of the interviews, five thematic categories emerged, they were: decreased forgetfulness; new in the tool; easy-to-understand language; impact of SMS during treatment; improvement suggestions and complaints. Conclusions: The present study explores the experience of receiving SMS medication reminders in people diagnosed with malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. The study results illustrate that the experience with the SMS adherence intervention is characterized by reminders that assist in adherence helping participants to reduce forgetfulness, the novelty of the tool, the positive impact of SMS during treatment, the use of easy language and appropriate and potential suggestions for improvement and complaints.
Effects of soil characteristics and farm types on earthworm populations in Hungarian organic, permaculture and conventional farms
Authors: Szilágyi Alfréd , Plachi Evelin , Kun Róbert , Nagy Péter , Centeri Csaba , Simon Barbara
Published: May 2022

Farming systems with differing intensities have various impacts on soil biota. The objective of our study was to assess the effects of different farm types (conventional, organic and permaculture) and soil characteristics on earthworm populations. The main consideration was that scientific knowledge on permaculture farms in regards to soil fauna is missing. According to our hypothesis permaculture farms provide the most ideal conditions for earthworms. Fifteen micro-farms (0.3–2 ha) with similar agro-ecological features were selected for comparison in the North-Central part of Hungary. These were all horticultural farms with diverse crop rotations. The basic difference was the intensity of the farming activities. Earthworms were sampled in May and September (2020) with six replicates on each farm (90 samples in total). Earthworms found in the 25×25×25 cm soil blocks were hand-sorted. Five soil samples from each site were analysed for texture, pH, soil organic matter, macro- and micronutrient content in September (2020). Seven endogeic and three epigeic earthworm species were detected. In September species numbers were higher, in the average of the earthworm species number and Shannon diversity there were lower differences, a stronger positive relationship was found between CaCO 3 content and earthworm abundance, adult earthworm average was strongly and positively affected by magnesium content. Earthworm species number was significantly higher in permaculture farms while earthworm abundance was also significantly higher but only in May. This partly validates our zero hypotheses that permaculture farms have the best performance in providing good conditions for earthworm populations.
Lexical Phylogenetics of the Tupí-Guaraní Family: Language, Archaeology, and the Problem of Chronology
Authors: Gerardi Fabrício Ferraz , Tresoldi Tiago , Aragon Carolina Coelho , Reichert Stanislav , de Souza Jonas Gregorio , Noelli Francisco Silva
Published: May 2022

Tupí-Guaraní is one of the largest branches of the Tupían language family, but despite its relevance there is no consensus about its origins in terms of age, homeland, and expansion. Linguistic classifications vary significantly, with archaeological studies suggesting incompatible date ranges while ethnographic literature confirms the close similarities as a result of continuous inter-family contact. To investigate this issue, we use a linguistic database of cognate data, employing Bayesian phylogenetic methods to infer a dated tree and to build a phylogeographic expansion model. Results suggest that the branch originated around 2500 BP in the area of the upper course of the Tapajós-Xingu basins, with a split between Southern and Northern varieties starting around 1750 BP. We analyse the difficulties in reconciling archaeological and linguistic data for this group, stressing the importance of developing an interdisciplinary unified model that incorporates evidence from both disciplines.
Continuity in transition: spatial transformation in peri-urbanisation in Kumasi
Authors: Anane George Kwadwo
Published: May 2022

Rapid urbanisation, characterised by population increase and spatial development, is pushing the frontiers of major African cities from old urban cores outward into peri-urban areas. A key outcome is the transitioning of land uses and variations to customary land rights. Yet, understandings of the transformational processes and driving forces in peri-urbanisation remains underexplored. This article, using a case study of a peri-urban area of Kumasi, Ghana’s second largest city, contributes to the body of literature on peri-urbanisation by: (i) analysing the spatio-temporal evolution of a peri urban area; and (ii) examining key underpinning processes and patterns of peri-urban spatial change. Qualitative research methods involving interviews with traditional and local statutory authorities, and peri-urban developers, as well as map analysis, Landsat images, and photographs were used. Findings show rapid but unregulated spatial changes in peri-urban Kumasi, driven by increasing demand for land, land speculation, commodification, and infrastructure projects. Peri-urbanisation processes and patterns were shaped by multiple factors such as modernisation, urban restructuring, and individual home ownership aspirations. The process of spatial change assumed a linear and drastic permanent transition, producing less credence to intermediate and temporary land uses.
Effects of Collagen Membrane on Bone Level and Periodontal Status of Adjacent Tooth After Third Molar Surgery: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Kilinc Adnan , Ataol Mert
Published: May 2022

Background; After the surgical extraction of an impacted lower third molar, periodontal status and distal bone level of the adjacent second molar could be affected negatively. Healing type has been effected periodontal status and distal bone level of the adjacent second molar after third molar surgery. Absorbable materials have some benefits including promoting wound healing through isolation, clot and wound stabilisation, and haemostasis; enhancing primary wound coverage. The aim of this study was to compare primary and secondary healing and collagen-membrane-based primary healing after surgical removal of partially erupted impacted third molars (3Ms), evaluating the distal alveolar bone level (ABL) and periodontal status of the adjacent second molars (2Ms).Methods; Patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomised into three groups: secondary healing (n=28), primary healing (n=27) and membrane-based primary healing (n=29). Digital panoramic radiographs were obtained preoperatively (T1) and three months postoperatively (T2). The distances between the cemento-enamel junctions and the alveolar bone crests on the distal aspects of the adjacent 2Ms were measured using calibrated radiograph measurement software. The pocket depth and plaque index measurements were performed preoperatively and three months postoperatively. The periodontal plaque index (PPI) scores were registered on the distal aspects of the 2Ms, and the mean values were used.Results; Three of the applied healing types positively affected periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and periodontal index values (p<0.05). In terms of the ABL of the adjacent 2Ms, primary healing (p<0.05) and membrane-based primary healing (p<0.05) had superior results to secondary healing.Conclusion; Membrane usage is promising for the distal bone gain and periodontal status of the adjacent 2M.Trial registration: This clinical study was registered started at 17/09/2018 by Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry with the trial number of ACTRN12618001551280.
Nutritional properties of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) epicarp flours by conventional drying and lyophilization
Authors: Pinheiro Gleyce Kelle Ilidio , Oliveira Daniel Emanuel Cabral de , Resende Osvaldo , Junior Weder Nunes Ferreira , Cabral Jennifer Cristhine Oliveira , Quequeto Wellytton Darci
Published: May 2022

Yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) has an unusual aroma and slightly acidic flavor, which leads to the interest in its fresh consumption or industrial use, causing its epicarp (peel) to be discarded, which generates industrial residue. The nutritional value of fruit epicarp is almost always high and, in some cases, may be even higher than the that of the fruit itself. The objective of this study was to evaluate the flours produced from the epicarp of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.), through conventional drying and lyophilization. Contents of water, ash, lipids, proteins and minerals were analyzed and carbohydrate content and energy value were determined. Moisture content was below 8.87%, being within the acceptable limit. The flours showed high contents of ash, lipids and proteins, with values above 5.61, 7.76 and 11.90%, respectively. Fe, Zn and Mn contents were above the daily intake recommendation. The temperatures used to dehydrate yellow mombin epicarp did not cause nutritional alteration in the flours compared with the flour from the lyophilized epicarp
Effect of potassium fertilizers doses on the growth, tuber yield, and resistance to weevil infestation of sweet potato on Latosol soil
Authors: Suwarto  , Aswidinoor Hajrial , Reyzaldi Fajar Gustian
Published: May 2022

Major problems in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) cultivation are low yield and high weevil (Cylas formicarius) infestation. The effect of potassium (K) on growth and yield has been intensively reported. However, there is less information on the correlation between K and the resistance to weevil infestation. The aim of the research was to determine the optimum dose of K fertilizers for maximum tuber yield and minimum weevil infestation Sweet potato var. Ase Kapas was planted with a K dose of 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg K2O ha-1. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with 4 replications in January – July 2020 at Latosol soil. The experimental plot was 4m x 2m which was divided into 4 ridges. Stem cuttings were planted on the center of the ridge with a 0.20 m spacing. Variables of growth, tuber yield, and level of weevil infestation were observed at 3 weeks after planting and at harvest. There were significant quadratic responses of yield variables to the K application. It is recommended the use of 125 kg K2O ha-1 can provide the highest tuber yield and a significant reduce of weevil infestation level. At the K dose of 125 kg K2O ha-1 , tuber yield increased by 179 % (357.4 g plant-1, compared to the control of 127.9 g plant-1) and the weevil infested tuber was reduced as much as 61.6 % (from 6.46, at the control dose to 2.37 tuber plant-1).
Impact of recreational fishing on seagull (Larus dominicanus) rescued on the coast of the São Paulo state: case report
Authors: Boaventura Isabella Cristina da Rocha , Ribeiro Vanessa Lanes , Americano Alice Pereira , Taccani Giovanna Daniele Ribeiro , Ohkawara Marcio Hidekazu , Do Valle Rodrigo del Rio
Published: May 2022

The seagull (Larus dominicanus) commonly can be observed near human fishing activities, as this species feeds on discards from fishing. This common interaction between a seabird and human fishing activity (both commercial and recreational), provides an easy source of food, but is not without risk for the birds. We report here clinical, radiographic and anatomopathological findings of an esophageal perforation caused by fishing gear in a specimen of Larus dominicanus found alive on a beach in the state of São Paulo which illustrated a harmful effect of stemming from recreational fishing. Clinical examination revealed a nylon thread in the oral cavity with the presence of caseous suggestive of ingestion of lost fishing gear, paralysis of the pelvic limbs and a decrease in the pain reflex associated with sternal decubitus, suggestive of food intoxication. Necroscopic examination revealed two hooks, one in the caudal portion of the esophagus with esophageal and pulmonary perforation, and the other in the muscular stomach. These injuries would have been expected to lead to the death of the bird. These anatomopathological findings confirmed the seriousness of the injuries. This reinforces the importance of studies focused on the interaction of recreational fishing artifacts (hooks, lines) with coastal birds on the Brazilian coast, in order to develop a preventative strategy.
Alginate-based Composite Microspheres: Preparations and Applications for Bone
Tissue Engineering
Authors: Jayachandran Venkatesan , Murugan Sesha Subramanian , Dalavi Pandurang Appana , Gurushanthappa Vishalakshi Yashaswini Devi , Seong Gi Hun
Published: May 2022

Alginate-based biomaterials have been extensively studied for bone tissue engineering. Scaffolds,
microspheres, and hydrogels can be developed using alginate, which is biocompatible, biodegradable, and able
to deliver growth factors and drugs. Alginate microspheres can be produced using crosslinking, microfluidic,
three-dimensional printing, extrusion, and emulsion methods. The sizes of the alginate microspheres range from
10 μm to 4 mm. This review describes the chemical characterization and mechanical assessment of alginatebased
microspheres. Combinations of alginate with hydroxyapatite, chitosan, collagen, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone,
and bioglass were discussed for bone tissue repair and regeneration. In addition, alginate combinations
with bone morphogenetic proteins, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor beta-
3, other growth factors, cells, proteins, drugs, and osteoinductive drugs were analyzed for tissue engineering
applications. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of developed alginate microspheres was discussed for different
cell lines. Finally, alginate microsphere-based composites with stem cell interaction for bone tissue regeneration
were presented. In the present review, we have assessed the preclinical research on in vivo models of alginatebased
microspheres for bone tissue repair and regeneration. Overall, alginate-based microspheres are potential
candidates for graft substitutes and the treatment of various bone-related diseases.
Distribution of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide after Intravenous Injection
in Normal and Ischemic Stroke Mice
Authors: Miao Chao-Yu , Zheng Si-Li , Wang Dong-Sheng , Dong Xin , Guan Yun-Feng , Qi Qi , Hu Wen-Jun , Hong Chen , Zhang Chuan
Published: May 2022

Objective:

This study determined for the first time the distribution of intravenous nicotinamide
mononucleotide (NMN) and its metabolite nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in normal
and ischemic stroke mice, examined the therapeutic effect of NMN on ischemic brain infarction,
and evaluated acute toxicity of NMN after intravenous injection of NMN.

Methods:

NMN and NAD levels were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography
tandem mass spectrometry in biological samples from mice with or without middle cerebral
artery occlusion (MCAO) at different time points post intravenous NMN injection (300 mg/kg).
Brain infarction was evaluated 24 h post-MCAO. 2 g/kg NMN was used in the acute toxicity test.

Results:

Under either normal or MCAO conditions, serum NMN levels sharply increased after intravenous
NMN administration and then decreased rapidly within 15 min, while serum NAD levels
remained unchanged during 30 min observation. Both substances displayed tissue accumulation over
time and stored faster under MCAO conditions, with kidney having the highest concentrations. Particularly,
NMN accumulated earlier than NAD in the brain. Moreover, NMN reduced cerebral infarction
at 24 h post-MCAO. No acute toxicity was observed for 14 days. NRK1 and SLC12A8 involved
in two pathways of NMN uptake exhibited the highest expressions in kidney and colon, respectively,
among 11 different tissues.

Conclusion:

NMN distributes to various tissues after intravenous injection and has the ability to
enter the brain to boost NAD levels, and exhibits safety and therapeutic effect on acute ischemic
stroke injury. High renal distribution of NMN indicates its importance in the kidney.