bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social environment, health cognition, and health behavior: how individuals with non-fixed employment end up with adverse health outcomes in China under the era of VUCA?—findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA
Authors: Wei Haibin , Wang Qiaoqi , Chen Jianyang , Liang Zhenyi , Wu Yibo , Luo Hongye
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This article studied the single-factor causal relationships between the social environment, health cognition, and health behavior of the individuals with non-fixed employment and their adverse health outcomes, as well as the complex causal relationships of multiple factors on these outcomes.

Methods

Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) are employed. Data is collected from the results of an open questionnaire Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents 2021.

Results

PLS-SEM analysis reveals that health risk behaviors and cognition play a mediating role in impact of the social environment on adverse health outcomes, indicating that individuals with non-fixed employment susceptible to adverse health outcomes. fsQCA analysis identifies that weak social support is a core condition leading to outcomes of depression and anxiety. There are shared configurations and causal pathways between the outcomes of physical health and depression.

Conclusion

The study supports the social determinants theory of health and suggests that the fundamental reason for people being trapped in adverse health outcomes is the health inequality caused by social stratification, and the external shock of uncertainty in the era of VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity).
What determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Chinese nursing students? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Ming , Li Yuanzhen , Mei Xiaoxiao , Liao Shuting , Liang Qingqing , Liu Yachen
Published: August 2024

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to threaten human health, and health professionals, including nursing students, usually work in healthcare frontiers with a high risk of infection. Vaccination is currently one of the most effective preventive measures. This study aimed to explore the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in nursing students.

Methods

In November 2022, a sample of undergraduate nursing students was recruited from several medical schools in Anhui Province, China, and an online cross-sectional survey was conducted using the questionnaire star platform (Wenjuanxin). A Chi-square test was used to explore vaccine hesitancy among nursing students with different social demographic characteristics and vaccine attitudes. Binary logistic regression analysis was then used to determine the influence factors of vaccine hesitancy among nursing students.

Results

A total of 1,090 valid samples were collected in this study. Of these, 27.06% (295) of nursing students reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The results showed “the need to go out of town recently” (OR = 0.670), “very confident that the outbreak could be controlled sustainably” (OR = 0.393), “feeling at risk of infection” (OR = 0.658), “not being worried/being generally worried about the vaccine's safety” (OR = 0.226 and OR = 0.686, respectively), and “not being worried about the vaccine's effectiveness” (OR = 0.411). These five factors are protective factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in nursing students. The factors “considering the country completely safe from an outbreak” (OR = 3.436), “considering themselves safe because others are vaccinated” (OR = 2.239), and “Agreeing that other protective measures can be relaxed after vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine” (OR = 2.007) are risk factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among nursing students (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Overall, relatively few nursing students had COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Schools and relevant institutions still need to actively guide them to improve their confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine, strengthen the prevention and control measures of the epidemic, and improve their awareness of the crisis to improve the vaccination rate to reduce the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in nursing students.
“Track style” children's fundamental movement skills test: construction and verification of an efficient evaluation system
Authors: Wang Yubo , Liang Shuang , Zhang Baofeng , Meng Lingyue , Xiong Yan
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to develop an efficient tool for assessing children's fundamental motor skills, the “Track style” Children's Fundamental Movement Skills Test (TCFMST), based on theories of motor development integrated with Chinese cultural context and physical education teaching situations.

Methods

Starting from a literature analysis, the study selected items from existing fundamental movement skill (FMS) assessments, textbooks, physical education and health standards, and children's movement guidelines to construct a pool of test items. Subsequently, the items were screened and optimized using the Delphi method. Finally, the feasibility, discrimination, difficulty, reliability, and validity of the constructed test were examined using testing methods.

Results

The TCFMST includes three dimensions: locomotive skills, body control skills, and manipulative skills, with a total of 10 items. The difficulty and discrimination of each item are appropriate; the correlation coefficients for retest reliability range from 0.789 to 0.943 (p < 0.01). The results of exploratory factor analysis indicate that the common factors align with the hypothesized three dimensions, indicating good structural validity of the test. The concurrent validity results show a correlation coefficient of −0.510 (p < 0.01) between the TCFMST and the total score of TGMD-3, indicating a moderate correlation between the two tests.

Conclusion

The TCFMST developed in this study has good difficulty, discrimination, reliability, and validity. It also features strong operability, a short duration, and high interest. It can serve as an important tool for monitoring children's fundamental motor skill levels.
Multi-dimensional epidemiology and informatics data on COVID-19 wave at the end of zero COVID policy in China
Authors: Yu Xin-sheng , Tan Shaoying , Tang Wanting , Zhao Fang-fang , Ji Jie , Lin Jianwei , He Han-jie , Gu Youxin , Liang Jia-Jian , Wang Meng , Chen Yequn , Yang Jiancheng , Xie Longxu , Wang Qian , Liu Mengyu , He Yang , Chen Lan , Wang Ya Xing , Wu Zhaoxiong , Zhao Gang , Liu Yi , Wang Yun , Hao Dongning , Cen Jingyun , Yao Shi-Qi , Zhang Dan , Liu Lifang , Lye David Chien , Hao Zhifeng , Wong Tien Yin , Cen Ling-Ping
Published: August 2024

Background

China exited strict Zero-COVID policy with a surge in Omicron variant infections in December 2022. Given China’s pandemic policy and population immunity, employing Baidu Index (BDI) to analyze the evolving disease landscape and estimate the nationwide pneumonia hospitalizations in the post Zero COVID period, validated by hospital data, holds informative potential for future outbreaks.

Methods

Retrospective observational analyses were conducted at the conclusion of the Zero-COVID policy, integrating internet search data alongside offline records. Methodologies employed were multidimensional, encompassing lagged Spearman correlation analysis, growth rate assessments, independent sample T-tests, Granger causality examinations, and Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) models for comprehensive data scrutiny.

Results

Various diseases exhibited a notable upsurge in the BDI after the policy change, consistent with the broader trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic. Robust connections emerged between COVID-19 and diverse health conditions, predominantly impacting the respiratory, circulatory, ophthalmological, and neurological domains. Notably, 34 diseases displayed a relatively high correlation (r > 0.5) with COVID-19. Among these, 12 exhibited a growth rate exceeding 50% post-policy transition, with myocarditis escalating by 1,708% and pneumonia by 1,332%. In these 34 diseases, causal relationships have been confirmed for 23 of them, while 28 garnered validation from hospital-based evidence. Notably, 19 diseases obtained concurrent validation from both Granger causality and hospital-based data. Finally, the BSTS models approximated approximately 4,332,655 inpatients diagnosed with pneumonia nationwide during the 2 months subsequent to the policy relaxation.

Conclusion

This investigation elucidated substantial associations between COVID-19 and respiratory, circulatory, ophthalmological, and neurological disorders. The outcomes from comprehensive multi-dimensional cross-over studies notably augmented the robustness of our comprehension of COVID-19’s disease spectrum, advocating for the prospective utility of internet-derived data. Our research highlights the potential of Internet behavior in predicting pandemic-related syndromes, emphasizing its importance for public health strategies, resource allocation, and preparedness for future outbreaks.
Craniometric determinants of the fitted filtration efficiency of disposable masks
Authors: Griffin Jacob S. , McInroe E. Melissa , Pennington Edward R. , Steinhardt William , Chen Hao , Prince Steven E. , Samet James M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Exposure to harmful aerosols is of increasing public health concern due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and wildland fires. These events have prompted risk reduction behaviors, notably the use of disposable respiratory protection. This project investigated whether craniofacial morphology impacts the efficiency of disposable masks (N95, KN95, surgical masks, KF94) most often worn by the public to protect against toxic and infectious aerosols. This project was registered with ClinicaltTrials.gov (NCT05388201; registration May 18, 2022).

Methods

One-hundred participants (50 men, 50 women) visited the Environmental Protection Agency’s Human Studies Facility in Chapel Hill, NC between 2022-2023. Craniometrics and 3D scans were used to separate participants into four clusters. Boosting and elastic net regression yielded five measurements (bizygomatic breadth, nose length, bizygomatic nasal arc, neck circumference, ear breadth) that were the best predictors of filtration efficiency based on overall model fit. Fitted filtration efficiency was quantified for each mask at baseline and when tightened using an ear-loop clip.

Results

The mean unmodified mask performance ranged from 55.3% (15.7%) in the large KF94 to 69.5% (12.3%) in the KN95. Modified performance ranged from 66.3% (9.4%) in the surgical to 80.7% (12.0%) in the KN95. Clusters with larger face width and neck circumference had higher unmodified mask efficiency. Larger nose gap area and nose length decreased modified mask performance.

Discussion

We identify face width, nose size, nose shape, neck circumference, and ear breadth as specific features that modulate disposable mask fit in both unmodified and modified conditions. This information can optimize guidance on respiratory protection afforded by disposable ear-loop masks.
Influences of different parameters on selected properties of gears for robot-like systems
Authors: Oberneder Florian , Landler Stefan , Otto Michael , Vogel-Heuser Birgit , Zimmermann Markus , Stahl Karsten
Published: August 2024

For a drive unit for axes of robots and robot-like systems (RLS) usually a motor-gearbox arrangement is chosen due to its high-power density. The combination of a high-ratio gearbox and a high-speed electric motor ensures a very compact and efficient design of the drive train. The transmission properties primarily determine the properties of the axes and the whole robot system. Robots and RLS use various types of high-ratio precision gearboxes based on different operating principles. Due to the different operating principles, it is difficult to describe comparable properties across all different types. In addition, there are many influences on the properties which significantly determine their shapes and values. These influencing parameters are insufficiently documented and are often poorly accessible for profound comparability and further consideration. In this paper, an overview of the properties of robot gearboxes is given. Based on these properties, different robot gearboxes can be systematically evaluated and compared to one another. The properties are influenced by various design, operating or manufacturing factors such as the gearbox size, the operating torque and speed or the manufacturing process. In a further step, these influences on the most relevant properties, efficiency and stiffness, are determined and systematically evaluated. This evaluation is based on the specification data of various robot gearbox manufacturers. The properties efficiency and stiffness show a dependency on the gearbox size, the operating torque, speed as well as the ambient temperature and on the transmission ratio. The shown procedure can also be adapted to other properties.
An Image Processing-Based Correlation Method for Improving the Characteristics of Brillouin Frequency Shift Extraction in Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors
Authors: Konstantinov Yuri , Krivosheev Anton , Barkov Fedor
Published: August 2024

This paper demonstrates how the processing of Brillouin gain spectra (BGS) by two-dimensional correlation methods improves the accuracy of Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) extraction in distributed fiber optic sensor systems based on the BOTDA/BOTDR (Brillouin optical time domain analysis/reflectometry) principles. First, the spectra corresponding to different spatial coordinates of the fiber sensor are resampled. Subsequently, the resampled spectra are aligned by the position of the maximum by shifting in frequency relative to each other. The spectra aligned by the position of the maximum are then averaged, which effectively increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Finally, the Lorentzian curve fitting (LCF) method is applied to the spectrum with improved characteristics, including a reduced scanning step and an increased SNR. Simulations and experiments have demonstrated that the method is particularly efficacious when the signal-to-noise ratio does not exceed 8 dB and the frequency scanning step is coarser than 4 MHz. This is particularly relevant when designing high-speed sensors, as well as when using non-standard laser sources, such as a self-scanning frequency laser, for distributed fiber-optic sensing.
Optimal Design of High-Power Density Medium-Voltage Direct Current Bipolar Power Cables for Lunar Power Transmission
Authors: Saha Anoy , Ghassemi Mona
Published: August 2024

Power systems on the lunar surface require power lines of varying lengths and capacities to connect generation, storage, and load facilities. These lines must be designed to perform efficiently in the harsh lunar environment, considering factors such as weight, volume, safety, cost-effectiveness, and reliability. Traditional power transmission methods face challenges in this environment due to temperature fluctuations, micrometeoroid impacts, and ionizing radiation. Underground deployment, although generally safer, faces challenges due to low soil thermal conductivity. At a depth of 30 cm, the lunar temperature of −23.15 °C can be advantageous for managing waste heat. This study presents a novel approach, developed using COMSOL Multiphysics, for designing bipolar MVDC cables for lunar subsurface power transmission. Kapton® MT+ is chosen as the insulating material for its exceptional properties, including high thermal conductivity and superior dielectric strength. The cables are designed for voltages of ±10 kV and ±5 kV and capacities of 200 kW (low power), 1 MW (medium power), and 2 MW (high power). Our findings indicate that aluminum conductors offer superior performance compared to copper at medium and high power levels. Additionally, elevated voltage levels (±10 kV) enhance cable design and power transfer efficiency. These specially designed cables are well-suited for efficient operation in the challenging lunar environment.
Influence of Preheating Self-Adhesive Cements on the Degree of Conversion, Cell Migration, and Cell Viability
Authors: Cantarelli Henrique , Xavier Fernando Antonio Costa , Portella Fernando Freitas , Hosaka Keiichi , Reston Eduardo Galia , Hardan Louis , Bourgi Rim , Klein-Junior Celso Afonso
Published: August 2024

Enhancing the degree of polymerization can mitigate the cytotoxic effects of resinous materials, as residual monomers have been identified as a significant contributor to cytotoxicity. Hence, the aim of the current research was to evaluate the influence of preheating self-adhesive cements at 39 °C on cell migration, cytotoxicity, and degree of conversion. RelyX U200, Set PP, and MaxCem Elite were subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy–Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR–ATR). Self-adhesive resin cements were applied onto an ATR device, with samples subjected to either heated or room temperature conditions, followed by photoactivation. For the cytotoxicity analysis, extracts (24 h and 7 days) were placed in contact with NIH/3T3 cells. For cell migration, images were captured of each sample until the possible closure of the cleft occurred. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess the effect of preheating on the degree of conversion and cell viability within the self-adhesive cements tested. A significance level of 5% was set for statistical purposes. In the results of the degree of conversion, preheating did not improve the conversion of cements (p > 0.05). For the 3-(4-5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), preheating did not improve the results within 24 h, however, it generated positive results within 7 days for the Set PP resin cement (p < 0.05). For cell migration, high rates of cell death were found in all groups. It is concluded that preheating at 39 °C causes a positive effect only in increasing the cell viability of the Set PP resin cement and that both materials analyzed are highly cytotoxic.
Inter-Species Competition of Mono- or Dual Species Biofilms- of MDR-Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Promotes the Killing Efficacy of Phage or Phage Cocktail
Authors: RojaRani Pallavali , Reddy Guda Dinneswara , Vijayalakshmi Degati , Prasad Durbaka Vijaya Raghava , Choi Jeong Dong
Published: August 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are opportunistic bacteria frequently linked to burn wound infections. These bacteria can grow as biofilms, which increases their level of drug resistance to current antibiotics. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the effect of biofilm formation, phage and phage cocktail action on single species and dual species biofilms I, e the coexistence of Gram positive (S. aureus) and Gram negative (P. aeruginosa). To this scenario, we employed multi-drug resistant bacteria (P. aeruginosa and S. aureus at 109 CFU/µL) biofilm as single and in combination of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms of 24 h grown with respective phage (109 PFU/µL) and phage cocktail (109 PFU/µL) at 4 h of incubation under static conditions. The bacteriolytic activity of phages vB_SAnS_SADP1 and vB_PAnP_PADP4 on 24-h-old biofilms of P. aeruginosa (0.761 ± 0.031) and S. aureus (0.856 ± 0.055), both alone and in combination (0.67 ± 0.02), was the focus of this investigation. The structural organization of biofilms in single- or dual-species combinations under in vitro conditions was validated by scanning and confocal laser scanning microscopy investigations. After 24 h of incubation, single-species biofilms are denser and more resilient whereas dual species biofilms are more loosely associated. Loose association of dual-species biofilm under scanning electron microscopic images at the same conditions, indicated the interspecies -competition of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and dual-species biofilms (0.67 ± 0.02) have weak associations and are readily impacted by phage and a phage cocktail (0.16 ± 0.02). Dual-species biofilms were more readily impacted in in vitro settings.
Measuring Geographic Atrophy Area Using Column-Based Machine Learning Software on Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography versus Fundus Auto Fluorescence
Authors: Shmueli Or , Szeskin Adi , Benhamou Ilan , Joskowicz Leo , Shwartz Yahel , Levy Jaime
Published: August 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare geographic atrophy (GA) area semi-automatic measurement using fundus autofluorescence (FAF) versus optical coherence tomography (OCT) annotation with the cRORA (complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy) criteria. Methods: GA findings on FAF and OCT were semi-automatically annotated at a single time point in 36 pairs of FAF and OCT scans obtained from 36 eyes in 24 patients with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The GA area, focality, perimeter, circularity, minimum and maximum Feret diameter, and minimum distance from the center were compared between FAF and OCT annotations. Results: The total GA area measured on OCT was 4.74 ± 3.80 mm2. In contrast, the total GA measured on FAF was 13.47 ± 8.64 mm2 (p < 0.0001), with a mean difference of 8.72 ± 6.35 mm2. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the difference in area between OCT and FAF and the total baseline lesion perimeter and maximal lesion diameter measured on OCT (adjusted r2: 0.52; p < 0.0001) and the total baseline lesion area measured on FAF (adjusted r2: 0.83; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: We report that the GA area measured on FAF differs significantly from the GA area measured on OCT. Further research is warranted in order to determine the clinical relevance of these findings.
Feasibility, Safety, and Effects of an Aerobic Training Program with Blood Flow Restriction on Functional Capacity, and Symptomatology in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rodríguez-Bautista José Carlos , López-Lluch Guillermo , Rodríguez-Torres Patricia , López-Moral Álvaro , Quijada-Carrera Jesús , Bueno-Antequera Javier , Blanco-Suárez Manuel , Cáceres-Calle Óscar , Munguia-Izquierdo Diego
Published: August 2024

Background: Evidence suggests that aerobic training with blood flow restriction is beneficial for treating fibromyalgia. This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, and effects of an aerobic training program with blood flow restriction for women with fibromyalgia. Methods: Thirty-seven women with fibromyalgia were included, and thirteen with an average age of 59 ± 3, a BMI of 26 ± 3, and who were polymedicated started the intervention period. The intervention group performed aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction using occlusive bands placed in the upper part of the rectus femoris, with a total duration of 14 min of restriction divided into two periods of 7 min with a rest period of 3 min and a total session duration of 17 min. Pressure intensity was measured using the visual pain scale (VAS), scoring 7 out of 10 (n = 7). The non-intervention group performed aerobic exercise without restriction of blood flow for the same periods, rest periods, and total duration of the session (n = 6). The intervention included 2 weekly sessions with 72 h between aerobic walking for 9 weeks. Walking was measured individually using the rating of perceived exertion scale (RPE) with an intensity between 6 and 7 out of 10. Visual and verbal support for the VAS and RPE scale was always provided throughout the sessions supervised by the investigator. Functional capacity was assessed using tests (six-minute walk test, incremental shuttle walk test, knee extension and handgrip test by dynamometer, 30 s chair stand test, and timed up-and-go test). Symptomatology was assessed using questionnaires (Widespread Pain Index, Symptom Severity Score, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), and blood samples were collected. Results: There were no adverse effects, and only one participant in the intervention group withdrew. Between-group and intragroup differences showed that the intervention group obtained improvements in the functional tests; CST p = 0.005; 6MWT p = 0.011; Handgrip p = 0.002; TUGT p = 0.002 with reduced impact of the disease according to the questionnaires; FIQ Stiffness p = 0.027 compared with the nonintervention group. Biochemical results remained within normal ranges in both groups. Conclusions: Blood flow-restricted aerobic training may be feasible, safe, and more effective than unrestricted aerobic training as a physical exercise prescription tool to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, balance, and stiffness in women with fibromyalgia.
BP1003 Decreases STAT3 Expression and Its Pro-Tumorigenic Functions in Solid Tumors and the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Gagliardi Maria , Kean Rhonda , Dai Bingbing , Augustine Jithesh Jose , Roberts Michael , Fleming Jason , Hooper D. Craig , Ashizawa Ana Tari
Published: August 2024

Overexpression and aberrant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) contribute to tumorigenesis, drug resistance, and tumor-immune evasion, making it a potential cancer therapeutic target. BP1003 is a neutral liposome incorporated with a nuclease-resistant P-ethoxy antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASO) targeting the STAT3 mRNA. Its unique design enhances BP1003 stability, cellular uptake, and target affinity. BP1003 efficiently reduces STAT3 expression and enhances the sensitivity of breast cancer cells (HER2+, triple negative) and ovarian cancer cells (late stage, invasive ovarian cancer) to paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in both 2D and 3D cell cultures. Similarly, ex vivo and in vivo patient-derived models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) show reduced tissue viability and tumor volume with BP1003 and gemcitabine combination treatments. In addition to directly affecting tumor cells, BP1003 can modulate the tumor microenvironment. Unlike M1 differentiation, monocyte differentiation into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages is suppressed by BP1003, indicating its potential contribution to immunotherapy. The broad anti-tumor effect of BP1003 in numerous preclinical solid tumor models, such as breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer models shown in this work, makes it a promising cancer therapeutic.
Awareness about Neonatal Lactose Intolerance among Chinese Neonatologists in Outpatient Settings: A Multi-Center Survey
Authors: Wang Zhengli , Liu Liting , Yu Chao , Tang Wenyan , Ding Xiangping , Hu Xiangwen , Shi Yuan
Published: August 2024

Background: This study aimed to identify the specific areas of knowledge gaps regarding lactose intolerance among neonatologists in Chinese outpatient settings as well as to assess the availability of lactose intolerance testing in hospitals. Methods: A total of 278 neonatologists in outpatient settings from 144 hospitals were surveyed. To explore the awareness level, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal lactose intolerance among neonatologists in outpatient settings, a multicenter cross-sectional survey was designed. Descriptive analysis based on frequency and percent distribution was performed for all variables. Results: Most respondents were senior doctors (256, 92.09%) from general hospitals and maternity/maternal and child health hospitals, had over 10 years of experience, and were dominantly associate chief physicians and chief physicians (211, 75.90%). A significant proportion of the participants (236, 84.89%) believed that neonatal lactose intolerance tends to be overlooked during clinical practice. When the most common symptoms of neonatal lactose intolerance were surveyed, diarrhea was selected by 142 (51.08%) respondents, followed by bloating and milk regurgitation or emesis (71, 25.54%). Other symptoms included unexplained crying (36, 12.85%), stool with milk flap or foam (15, 5.40%), and increased venting (14, 5.04%). Furthermore, the survey results indicated that the most common method for diagnosing neonatal lactose intolerance in the respondents’ hospitals was qualitative test for urinary galactose (78, 28.06%). Of the respondents, 137 (49.28%) stated that their hospital could not test for lactose intolerance. For treating lactose intolerance, the neonatologists primarily opted for exogenous lactase rather than lactose-free formula milk. Conclusions: This study sheds light on Chinese neonatologists’ awareness of neonatal lactose intolerance, revealing some knowledge gaps. The expeditious popularization and conduct of lactose intolerance-related examinations in hospitals will have a positive stimulative effect on the management of lactose intolerance in newborns.
Unmasking Melasma: Confronting the Treatment Challenges
Authors: Parać Ena , Bukvić Mokos Zrinka
Published: August 2024

Melasma, also known as chloasma and the “mask of pregnancy”, is a common acquired pigmentary disorder characterized by irregular, hyperpigmented brown-to-grey patches primarily situated on the face. It typically affects women of reproductive age, especially those exhibiting Fitzpatrick skin types III to V. The precise etiopathogenesis of melasma is complex and has not been fully elucidated; however, ultraviolet radiation, hormonal factors, and genetic predispositions significantly contribute to the melanin production increase associated with this condition. Due to the multifactorial aetiology, resistance to various therapeutic options, and high recurrence rate, treating melasma is challenging. Hydroquinone has long been considered a gold standard in melasma treatment due to its ability to inhibit tyrosinase; however, it has faced scrutiny after concerns about its adverse effects. Current treatment strategies include various topical and systemic therapies, procedural interventions, as well as combinations of these methods. For optimal results, both photoprotection and a treatment plan that targets different pathogenic mechanisms should be used. Additionally, treatment should be tailored to patient characteristics, such as skin type, the severity of the condition, and compliance. This review summarises current treatment options, focusing on long-term therapy and the latest advancements in managing this challenging condition.
Rapid Serological Test for COVID-19, One-Step-COVID-2019: Accuracy and Implications for Pandemic Control
Authors: Menezes-Júnior Luiz Antônio Alves de , Batista Aline Priscila , Lourenção Luciano Garcia , Rocha Ana Maria Sampaio , Lage Nara Nunes , Barbosa Keila Furbino , Machado-Coelho George Luiz Lins , Meireles Adriana Lúcia
Published: August 2024

Background: Accurate and rapid testing for COVID-19 is critical for effective disease management and control. The One-Step-COVID-2019-Test was developed as a rapid serological test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Objective: To estimate the accuracy of the rapid serological test for COVID-19 using One-Step-COVID-2019. Methods: We conducted a population-based serological survey with a stratified sampling of 593 adults between October and December 2020, prior to mass vaccination and during a period of limited availability of rapid tests. Participants provided 7.5 mL of serum, which was tested using the One-Step-COVID-2019-Test for IgM-IgG antibodies without distinction, as well as an in-house ELISA for IgG against the spike protein. Statistical analysis accounted for sampling weights, with accuracy assessed through sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Youden index, and kappa coefficient, using ELISA as the reference standard. McNemar’s test identified significant differences between the test results. Results: The ELISA-based prevalence of infection was 11.1%. The One-Step-COVID-2019-Test showed low sensitivity (27.0–30.8%) but high specificity (89.9–96.6%), with poor agreement (kappa: 0.290–0.337), particularly among asymptomatic individuals. Conclusions: The One-Step-COVID-2019 rapid test for COVID-19 demonstrated inadequate performance, characterized by low sensitivity and poor reliability, making it unsuitable for effective serological surveillance.
A Relationship between Fracture Toughness Kc and Energy Release Rate Gc According to Fracture Morphology Analysis
Authors: Liu Haohao , Yan Jinlun , Li Aofei , He Zhenyu , Xie Yuchen , Yan Han , Huang Dawei
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the relationship between fracture toughness (Kc) and energy release rate (Gc) through fracture morphology analysis, emphasizing the critical role of fractal dimensions in accurately characterizing fracture surfaces. Traditional linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) models relate Gc to Kc by combining energy principles with the nominal area of the fracture surface. However, real materials often exhibit plasticity, and their fracture surfaces are not regular planes. To address these issues, this research applied fractal theory and introduced the concept of ubiquitiform surface area to refine the calculation of fracture surfaces, leading to more accurate estimates of Gc and Kc. The method was validated through standard compact tensile specimen tests on a nickel-based superalloy at 550 °C. Additionally, the analysis of fractal dimension differences and dispersion in various fracture regions provides a novel perspective for evaluating the fracture toughness of materials.
Comparison of Diagnostic Parameters of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients with and without Cancer: A Multifactorial Analysis
Authors: Ciołek Anna , Piotrowski Grzegorz
Published: August 2024

Background: The simultaneous occurrence of cancer and acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) presents a complex clinical challenge. This study clarifies variances in diagnostic parameters among ACS patients with and without concurrent cancer. Methods: This retrospective study included 320 individuals diagnosed with ACS, stratified equally into two cohorts—one with cancer and the other cancer-free. We evaluated risk factors, symptom profiles, coronary angiography results, echocardiographic evaluations, and laboratory diagnostics. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and the chi-square test. Results: Cancer patients were older (mean age 71.03 vs. 65.13 years, p < 0.001) and had a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease (33.1% vs. 15.0%, p < 0.001) but a lower prevalence of hyperlipidemia (59.7% vs. 82.5%, p < 0.001). Chest pain was less frequent in cancer patients (72.5% vs. 90%, p < 0.001), while hypotension was more common (41.9% vs. 28.8%, p = 0.022). NSTEMI was more common in cancer patients (41.9% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.048), while STEMI was less common (20.6% vs. 45.3%, p < 0.001). RCA and LAD involvement were less frequent in cancer patients (RCA: 18.1% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.018; LAD: 18.8% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.026). Conclusions: This study demonstrates differences in the clinical presentation of ACS between patients with and without cancer. Cancer patients were less likely to present with chest pain and more likely to experience hypotension. Additionally, they had a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease and they were less likely to have hyperlipidemia. These findings highlight the need for a careful approach to diagnosing ACS in oncology patients, considering their distinct symptomatology.
Research on Relationship between Energy Consumption and GDP in Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhai Xuan , Juman Jappar , Makulova Aiymzhan Tulegenovna , Khamzayeva Assel Valitkhanovna , Du Binghan
Published: August 2024

The relationship between energy consumption and economic development is one of the primary indicators for elaborating energy policies. Different countries are at different stages of economic development and have different levels of energy consumption. Since independence, Kazakhstan’s economic development has gone through three stages: the unstable stage (1992–2000), the stage of rapid development (2001–2013), and the stage of stable development (2014–present). Kazakhstan’s economy is shifting from an industry-led economy to a service-led economy, thus, the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth also changes. By analyzing the data on energy consumption and GDP during 1992–2023, it was found that a 1% growth of GDP caused a 0.3972% growth of energy consumption in Kazakhstan on average. Due to the long period of economic influence on energy consumption, Kazakhstan could realize the adjustment of the energy consumption structure without affecting economic development by eliminating fossil energy subsidies, reducing taxes on projects for the development of renewable energy, and increasing energy-saving facilities.
Optimizing Redundant Robot Kinematics and Motion Planning via Advanced D-H Analysis and Enhanced Artificial Potential Fields
Authors: Zhang Xuanming , Chen Lei , Dong Weian , Li Chunxu
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a calculation method for the optimal solution of the inverse kinematics of redundant robots. Specifically, eight sets of vector solutions of redundant robots are solved by the D-H parameter method. Then, an objective function is designed to measure the accuracy of the robot’s inverse kinematics solution and the smoothness of the robot’s joint motion. By adjusting the weights of each item, the optimal solution that meets different requirements can be selected. In addition, this paper also introduces an improved artificial potential field method to solve the problem of discontinuous changes in gravitational potential in path planning and the problem of excessive joint torque caused by excessive gravitational potential. Finally, the application of the rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm in robot path planning and obstacle avoidance is introduced. The above-mentioned calculation method and path planning algorithm were verified in the joint simulation environment of MATLAB Robot Toolbox and CoppeliaSim. The proposed inverse solution method is compared with the inverse solution generated in the CoppeliaSim simulation environment, and the angle error of each joint is less than 0.01 rad.
External Insulation Performance under DC Voltages of Polluted Post Insulators for Power Stations in Rainy Weather: A Brief Review and Recent Progress
Authors: Dong Yuxi , Wang Zili , Diao Mingguang , Wang Xi , Deng Yu , Cao Bin , Xu Ying , Zhang Chuyan
Published: August 2024

The discharge and flashover phenomenon of post insulators in rainy weather has not been given sufficient consideration; however, with the construction of ultra-high voltage power grids, the performance of the external insulation and the ability to withstand special climate conditions need to be guaranteed. Therefore, it is meaningful to conduct studies on the discharge characteristics of contaminated post insulators under rainfall conditions. Moreover, the conventional perception tends to confuse the flashover of polluted insulators in the rain with the pollution flashover that occurs in the fog; however, in fact, the discharge of contaminated insulators that occurs during rainfall has characteristics that can be distinguished from the pollution flashover. In this study, firstly, the current status of research on the external insulation characteristics of post insulators was analyzed through an examination of the available literature. Secondly, the concept of a ‘pollution rain flashover’ of insulators was established and clarified, to distinguish it from the traditional meaning of ‘pollution flashover’ or ‘contamination flashover’. Thirdly, research results on the pollution rain flashover of post insulators used in power stations in recent years were summarized, which included the characteristics and mechanism of the discharge, parameters and factors influencing the flashover voltage, and their influence laws. Particularly, the gap discharge between insulator sheds triggered by raindrops, which is the most significant feature of the pollution rain flashover, and the profile optimization of sheds, which is an effective way to improve the performance, were emphasized in this work. Fourthly, the prevention methods were studied, which mainly include the application of rainproof sheds and the shed optimization for pollution rain flashover of post insulators. Finally, a brief prospect is given for future research.
A CFD Model for Spatial Extrapolation of Wind Field over Complex Terrain—Wi.Sp.Ex
Authors: Michos Dimitrios , Catthoor Francky , Foussekis Dimitris , Kazantzidis Andreas
Published: August 2024

High-resolution wind datasets are crucial for ultra-short-term wind forecasting. Penetration of WT installations near urban areas that are constantly changing will motivate researchers to understand how to adapt their models to terrain changes to reduce forecasting errors. Although CFD modelling is not widely used for ultra-short-term forecasting purposes, it can overcome such difficulties. In this research, we will spatially extrapolate vertical profile LIDAR wind measurements into a 3D wind velocity field over a large and relatively complex terrain with the use of stationary CFD simulations. The extrapolated field is validated with measurements at a hub height of three WTs located in the area. The accuracy of the model increases with height because of the terrain anomalies and turbulence effects. The maximum MAE of wind velocity at WT hub height is 0.81 m/s, and MAPE is 7.98%. Our model remains accurate even with great simplifications and scarce measurements for the complex terrain conditions of our case study. The models’ performance under such circumstances establishes it as a promising tool for the evolution of ultra-short-term forecasting as well as for the evaluation of new WT installations by providing valuable data for all models.
Short-Term Power Load Forecasting Based on Secondary Cleaning and CNN-BILSTM-Attention
Authors: Wang Di , Li Sha , Fu Xiaojin
Published: August 2024

Accurate power load forecasting can provide crucial insights for power system scheduling and energy planning. In this paper, to address the problem of low accuracy of power load prediction, we propose a method that combines secondary data cleaning and adaptive variational mode decomposition (VMD), convolutional neural networks (CNN), bi-directional long short-term memory (BILSTM), and adding attention mechanism (AM). The Inner Mongolia electricity load data were first cleaned use the K-means algorithm, and then further refined with the density-based spatial clustering of applications with the noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. Subsequently, the parameters of the VMD algorithm were optimized using a multi-strategy Cubic-T dung beetle optimization algorithm (CTDBO), after which the VMD algorithm was employed to decompose the twice-cleaned load sequences into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with different frequencies. These IMFs were then used as inputs to the CNN-BILSTM-Attention model. In this model, a CNN is used for feature extraction, BILSTM for extracting information from the load sequence, and AM for assigning different weights to different features to optimize the prediction results. It is proved experimentally that the model proposed in this paper achieves the highest prediction accuracy and robustness compared to other models and exhibits high stability across different time periods.
Experimental Investigation of R404A Indirect Refrigeration System Applied Internal Heat Exchanger: Part 2—Exergy Characteristics
Authors: Jeon Min-Ju , Lee Joon-Hyuk
Published: August 2024

Although the R404A indirect refrigeration system (IRS) with an internal heat exchanger (IHX) and R744 as the secondary fluid has potential applications in supermarkets and hypermarkets, the exergy characteristics of this IRS have not been extensively investigated. In this study, the factors affecting the R744 exergy characteristics (degree of subcooling (DSB) and degree of superheating (DSP) of the R404A cycle, DSP of the R744 cycle, condensation temperature (CT) and cascade evaporation temperature (CET), and IHX efficiency) were experimentally evaluated to obtain basic data for the design of R404A IRS with R744 as the optimal secondary fluid. The main results can be summarized as follows: (1) Under given conditions, the smallest change in the system exergy destruction rate (EDR) according to the change in each parameter is the DSP of the R744 cycle (0.3–1%), followed by the DSB of the R404A cycle (6.1–8.8%), the IHX efficiency of the R404A cycle (3.8–14.3%), the DSP of the R404A cycle (11.7–15.9%), the CET (29.4–41.9%), and the CT (35–47%). (2) Also, in terms of the exergy efficiency of system (EES), the largest value was obtained for the DSP of the R404A cycle (2.4–12.7%), followed by the IHX efficiency of the R404A cycle (3–10.2%), the CET (2.2–8.7%), the CT (4–6.9%), the DSB of the R404A cycle (2.7–6.2%), and the DSP of the R744 cycle (0.04–1.2%). (3) In order to lower the system EDR, DSP, DSB, and IHX efficiency of the R404A cycle, the CET must be increased to the maximum, and to lower the DSP of the R744 cycle, the CT must be reduced to the minimum.
IoT-Based Sustainable Energy Solutions for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Alshahrani Reem , Rizwan Ali , Alomar Madani Abdu , Fotis Georgios
Published: August 2024

SMEs are asked to incorporate sustainable energy solutions into their organizations’ processes to be environmentally friendly and operate more effectively. In this regard, IoT-based technologies seem to have the potential to monitor and optimize energy use. However, more extensive research is required to assess the efficacy of such solutions in the context of SMEs. Despite the growing interest in the Internet of Things (IoT) for renewable energy, there is a lack of information on how well these solutions work for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). While much of the existing literature addresses the application of new technologies in SMEs, the social background underlying their transformation received relatively little attention in previous years. The present research adopts a quantitative approach, employing time series forecasting, specifically long short-term memory networks (LSTM). This paper uses IoT-based approaches to collect and preprocess an energy consumption dataset from various SMEs. The LSTM model is intended to forecast energy consumption in the future based on experience. In terms of analysis, the study adopts Python for data preprocessing, constructing, and assessing models. The main findings reveal a strong positive correlation (r = 0.85) between base energy consumption and overall energy usage, suggesting that optimizing base consumption is crucial for energy efficiency. In contrast, investment in RETs and staff training demonstrate weak correlations (r = 0.25 and r = 0.30, respectively) with energy consumption, indicating that these factors alone are insufficient for significant energy savings. The long short-term memory model used in the study accurately predicted future energy consumption trends with a mean absolute error of 5%. However, it struggled with high-frequency variations, showing up to 15% of mistakes. This research contributes to the literature in line with IoT-based sustainable energy solutions in SMEs, which has not been widely addressed. The findings highlight the critical role of integrating renewable energy technologies (RETs) and fostering a culture of energy efficiency, offering actionable insights for policymakers and business owners. With the application of Python in data analysis and model creation, this research shows a real-world approach to handling issues in sustainable energy management for SMEs.