bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Sustainable Vegan Pea Protein-Zinc Complex: Characterization, In Vitro Cellular Mineral Uptake, and Application in Functional Biscuit Production
Authors: Jindal Aprjita , Patil Nikhil Dnyaneshwar , Bains Aarti , Sharma Minaxi , Kumar Anil , Ali Nemat , Chawla Prince , Sridhar Kandi
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to investigate the potential of pea protein concentrate (PPC) to form protein-mineral composites, with a specific focus on its zinc- (Zn-) binding capabilities. In addition, the physical and functional properties of PPC were evaluated. PPC, a potential protein source, was found to possess lipophilic properties, suggesting its suitability for various applications in food production. The investigation involved a comprehensive characterization of pea protein concentrate-zinc complex (PPC-Zn) composites, utilizing various analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential measurement, and thermogravimetric analysis. The findings of this study indicated that the protein content of PPC-Zn (79.02 ± 1.33%) insignificantly increased as compared to PPC (78.86 ± 1.16%). Furthermore, PPC demonstrated improved functional properties, including increased protein solubility (2.55%), enhanced water-holding (13.09%) and oil-holding capacity (11.17%), and improved foaming capacity and stability (2.08% and 6.07%, respectively). These improvements in functional properties were likely attributed to the unique surface structure observed in SEM micrographs. The research also highlighted the maximum binding capacity of PPC for zinc, which was observed at concentrations of 5 mM (95.35 ± 1.86%). This binding of zinc ions to PPC induced changes in the characteristics and internal structures of the protein concentrate. Notably, the presence of functional groups such as -COOH, -OH, and –NH2 in PPC suggested their involvement in coordinating with zinc ions to form PPC-Zn composites. This investigation demonstrated a significant increase (2.26%) in the mineral bioavailability of PPC-Zn. Additionally, the cellular uptake, retention, and transport of PPC-Zn were improved by 9.79%, 7.84%, and 9.51%, respectively. Fortified biscuits (B2) demonstrated enhanced cellular uptake (2.79%), retention (4.84%), and transport (3.51%) compared with control biscuits. Fortified biscuits (B2) had higher microbial counts (total plate count is 3.57 ± 0.03 and the yeast-mold count is 3.96 ± 0.07 cfu/g) than control biscuits (B1) (total plate count is 2.49 ± 0.13 and the yeast-mold count is 3.44 ± 0.11 cfu/g) at the end of storage, and there is no difference in sensory evaluation between the control and fortified biscuits. Furthermore, the key findings indicated that PPC could serve as a promising carrier for mineral supplements, binding with zinc effectively.
Optimization of Support and Relief Parameters for Deep-Buried Metal Mine Roadways
Authors: Jiang MingWei , Fan YuYun , Su WeiWei , Wang Jincheng , Lan Ming , Lin Qibin
Published: May 2024

The management of rock mass deformation in high-stress roadways is a pivotal aspect of deep geotechnical engineering. Given the fruitful outcomes of research in rock mechanics regarding traditional confining pressure control methods, scholars have increasingly turned their attention to exploring pressure-relieving techniques, including borehole pressure relief and blasting pressure relief. However, there is limited research on pressure relief methods for deep-buried hard rock tunnels. This article commences with an overview of pressure relief in the roadway and conducts a detailed study on the parameters and methods of pressure relief in the roadway. To address safety and mining efficiency challenges, such as severe deformation leading to support failures, this study conducted a parameter analysis using the Sanshandao Gold Mine as a case study. Based on existing support methods, a strategy for arranging pressure relief roadways at varying distances from the main roadway is proposed, significantly enhancing the stress environment there. Numerical simulation software was employed to model two scenarios: (1) excavating the pressure relief roadway, main roadway, and maintenance roadway simultaneously and (2) first excavating the pressure relief roadway, followed by the main roadway and the maintenance roadway simultaneously. Simulation results indicated that the first pressure relief approach outperforms the second. The optimal position for both pressure relief roadways is 15 m from the main roadway, resulting in maximum deformation of the main roadway within 100 mm. These findings align with on-site stress monitoring data and satisfy safety production criteria. The research offers a theoretical foundation for similar pressure relief techniques in deeply buried, high-stress roadways.
The Interplay between Metabolic Adaptations and Diet in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Espelage Lena , Wagner Natalie , Placke Jan-Malte , Ugurel Selma , Tasdogan Alpaslan
Published: May 2024

Over the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has significantly advanced through the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the augmentation of adoptive cell transfer to enhance the innate cancer defense mechanisms. Despite these remarkable achievements, some cancers exhibit resistance to immunotherapy, with limited patient responsiveness and development of therapy resistance. Metabolic adaptations in both immune cells and cancer cells have emerged as central contributors to immunotherapy resistance. In the last few years, new insights emphasized the critical role of cancer and immune cell metabolism in animal models and patients. During therapy, immune cells undergo important metabolic shifts crucial for their acquired effector function against cancer cells. However, cancer cell metabolic rewiring and nutrient competition within tumor microenvironment (TME) alters many immune functions, affecting their fitness, polarization, recruitment, and survival. These interactions have initiated the development of novel therapies targeting tumor cell metabolism and favoring antitumor immunity within the TME. Furthermore, there has been increasing interest in comprehending how diet impacts the response to immunotherapy, given the demonstrated immunomodulatory and antitumor activity of various nutrients. In conclusion, recent advances in preclinical and clinical studies have highlighted the capacity of immune-based cancer therapies. Therefore, further exploration into the metabolic requirements of immune cells within the TME holds significant promise for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches that can effectively combat cancer in patients.
FIGURE 2 from A Phase II Study of ERK Inhibition by Ulixertinib (BVD-523) in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Buchbinder Elizabeth I. , Cohen Justine V. , Tarantino Giuseppe , Lian Christine G. , Liu David , Haq Rizwan , Hodi F. Stephen , Lawrence Donald P. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Knoerzer Deborah , Sullivan Ryan J.
Published: May 2024

TTP and OS. A, Kaplan–Meier estimates of TTP. B, Kaplan-Meier estimates of OS.
Data from A Phase II Study of ERK Inhibition by Ulixertinib (BVD-523) in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Buchbinder Elizabeth I. , Cohen Justine V. , Tarantino Giuseppe , Lian Christine G. , Liu David , Haq Rizwan , Hodi F. Stephen , Lawrence Donald P. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Knoerzer Deborah , Sullivan Ryan J.
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Uveal melanoma is a rare and aggressive subset of melanoma that is minimally responsive to traditional therapies. Greater than 80% of uveal melanomas have a mutation in GNAQ or GNA11 which lead to downstream signaling through the MAPK pathway. Ulixertinib (BVD-523) is a potent and reversible small-molecule ATP-competitive inhibitor of both ERK1 and ERK2 protein kinases.
Materials and Methods:
We performed a phase II study to determine the efficacy and safety of BVD-523 in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. This was conducted as a Simon two-stage design with a sample size of 25 patients and an initial evaluation of efficacy after 13 patients.
Results:
From April 2018 to April 2019, 13 patients were enrolled. Patients were predominantly female (69%) with a median age of 64 years (34–76). Sites of metastases included liver (84.6%) and lung (30.8%). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities associated with therapy were consistent with ERK inhibitors and included liver function test (LFT) elevation, hyponatremia, pruritis, amylase elevation, anemia, and rash. The best response, per RECIST 1.1, was stable disease in 4 patients, and disease progression in 7 patients. Two patients were unevaluable for response due to withdrawal from study. Median time to progression was 2.0 months. There were eight deaths due to disease progression with a median overall survival of 6.9 months.
Conclusions:
ERK inhibition with ulixertinib (BVD-523) did not demonstrate activity in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. The toxicities observed were consistent with what would be expected with MAPK pathway inhibition.
Significance:
Uveal melanoma is a difficult to treat disease with minimal therapy options. The majority of uveal melanomas have mutations in GNAQ or GNA11 leading to activation of the MAPK pathway. Efforts to target MEK in uveal melanoma has had mixed results. This phase II trial of ERK inhibition with BVD-523 examined the potential role of this agent in uveal melanoma therapy.
La preescolarización del saber matemático en la educación pública colombiana (1960 - 1994)
Authors: Cárdenas Forero Óscar Leonardo , Contreras Avellaneda Marcela , Navarro Baquero Dora Lilia
Published: May 2024

Con base en el enfoque arqueológico-genealógico propuesto por Michel Foucault, se rastrean y describen las condiciones de existencia que se entrecruzaron y permitieron la incursión del saber matemático en la escuela como una línea de fuerza que se instituyó para posibilitar la preescolarización del niño en la educación pública colombiana en el período de 1960-1994. Se muestra así, cómo en un momento determinado el saber matemático irrumpió en el contexto escolar para impulsar la constitución de una nueva subjetividad infantil, particularmente la del niño de preescolar. Así mismo, este recorrido histórico busca poner en evidencia los juegos de poder, la institucionalización de discursos, la instauración de nuevas instituciones, concepciones de sujeto e intereses que estuvieron en disputa en esa época en particular y que se instalaron como políticas de verdad. De este modo, se intentan abandonar las pretensiones por encontrar el origen de los hechos, la progresión continua de la vida social, para enfocarse en el hallazgo de los desequilibrios y en las rupturas e ir tras la procedencia de las cosas, reconociendo que la sociedad, el conocimiento y la escuela misma no están en una escala evolutiva sino que, por el contrario, adoptan diversas formas y posiciones dependiendo de los umbrales y de los estratos que caracterizan a ciertos momentos históricos.
Las lógicas de la educación ciudadana enseñar democracia o democratizar la escuela
Authors: Piedrahita Rodríguez Jarol Andrés
Published: May 2024

El artículo parte de una reflexión nacional que se ha dado acerca de la importancia y las posibilidades de la educación en la situación de conflicto, violencia y barbarie que atraviesa la sociedad colombiana. La educación ciudadana se ha mostrado como una de las propuestas educativas que más pueden aportar en la construcción de una sociedad distinta. Aquí realizamos un análisis de la perspectiva oficial de la educación ciudadana, la cual se enmarca en los estándares básicos de competencias ciudadanas impartidos por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional, contrastándola con el contexto general de la política educativa colombiana de los últimos años. Para luego analizar, con el fin de presentar las dos lógicas que subyacen a ambas tendencias, la opción de reactualizar una educación ciudadana crítica que convierta la escuela en un espacio público deliberativo en aras de la construcción de una sociedad verdaderamente democrática.
Resiliencia y libertad: una reflexión para la pedagogía
Authors: de Jesús Madrigal Gil Arturo
Published: May 2024

La relación entre resiliencia y libertad surge de la reflexión investigativa sobre concepciones de libertad en jóvenes universitarios de primer semestre y estudiantes de educación básica, media y superior, y su relación con el aumento del número de desertores en todos los niveles educativos, generados muchas veces no por incapacidad cognitiva sino por un déficit en los recursos psicológicos propios para afrontar la adversidad. Este es un llamado a generar más investigación al respecto, pues si bien existen algunos estudios sobre el tema y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud expide un Manual para su manejo, el enfoque que se le ha dado aplica sobre todo en la recuperación postraumática; razón por la cual es necesario orientarlo e integrarlo al campo de la educación.
Reseña de libro “Movimientos sociales y resistencia una apuesta por el territorio”
Authors: Molano Camargo Frank
Published: May 2024

El libro recoge las discusiones y reflexiones sobre las categorías de Movimientos Sociales, Resistencia, Territorio y Desarrollo que docentes y estudiantes de la línea de investigación Desarrollo Social y Comunitario, de la Maestría en Desarrollo Educativo y Social del CINDE – Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, proponen desde su experiencia investigativa y social.

El texto se estructura en cuatro apartados, el primero desarrollado por el codirector de la Línea, Elkin Agudelo, titulado “El lugar de las organizaciones sociales y comunitarias. En la defensa de los territorios a partir de acciones de resistencia civil”; propone una reflexión teórica en torno a los tres capítulos siguientes, en la que relaciona las categorías de acción colectiva y resistencia civil, como horizontes explicativos que articulan las discusiones centrales del libro.
Rethinking the Dynamics of Fighting Covid-19 in Jordan: Social Exchange Perspective
Authors: Al Hourani Mohammed Abdel Karim , Al-Sarayrah Ali Jameel
Published: May 2024

In contrast to nearby countries, Jordan achieved a unique situation in mitigating the covid-19 outbreak. The privileged situation lasted for a few months. After that situation, Jordan became one of the worst countries all over the world. Drawing on a conceptual framework derived from Blau’s theory: exchange and power in social life, this paper reevaluates the dynamics of combating covid-19 in Jordan as an exchange process between government and people. Jordan’s government employed maximum power to control people’s movements and gatherings. However, it failed to meet people’s expectations of keeping their lives safe and fulfilling their basic needs. The government tried to legitimize the situation by providing fake information. It has lost the trust of society which supported the efforts of the government. It could not maintain its control of people’s gatherings and movements, resulting in a rise in the number of cases. Transparency, trust, awareness, and society’s efforts are crucial in fighting pandemics.
Can Digital Democracy Guard Citizens’ Safety? Taking Taiwan’s Battle against covid as an Exemplary Case
Authors: Lee Chun-Yi , Kuo Yu-Ching
Published: May 2024

The covid-19 pandemic required swift responses from governments at all levels. Government agencies were faced with the immense task of mitigating the health, social, and economic effects of covid-19. These actions and responses included developing mobile phone location tracking systems and ‘electronic fences’ alongside the use of big data analytics. Whether intentionally or not, this led to questions about the rise of the ‘biosurveillance state’. In this paper, we examine the extent to which digital democracy has emerged as a contested concept in Taiwan. Furthermore, we ask: to what extent is the use of digital surveillance for disease control and prevention justifiable, and to what extent can personal privacy be sacrificed when adopting digital surveillance measures with the aim of securing collective safety? We compare Taiwanese citizens’ concerns about personal privacy with those in other democracies, such as the UK, and those in the EU and North America.
The Ordinary Virtue and Moral Significance of Health Systems: the Case of Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Ming-Jui
Published: May 2024

The ordinary virtue of health systems is to secure some form of equitable access to health services for all in pursuit of the ideal of universal health coverage, which would sometimes be considered an integral part of the overall institutional arrangements protecting the human right to health. The history of human-established health systems has come close to an end. In this article, I use the Taiwanese health system as an illustrative case to demonstrate how the roles of a health system vary in different periods across multiple colonial histories. It was not until the 1990s, after Taiwan went through democratisation, that the health system began to display ordinary virtue. I further argue that, beyond the ordinary virtue, the Taiwanese health system has moral significance in (1) integrating divided and conflicting identities and forging a new, forward-looking one; and (2) representing Taiwanese people’s declaration against exclusionary global politics by devoting themselves to a space that protects the right to health and a way of life that cherishes the value of equitable access to health services for all.
Impact of the Tibetan Plateau on Global High-Frequency Temperature Variability
Authors: Su Zifan , Xie Yongkun , Huang Jianping , Wu Guoxiong , Liu Yuzhi , Guan Xiaodan
Published: May 2024

The Tibetan Plateau’s (TP) topography has long been recognized for its impact on climate. However, recognition of the influence of the TP on global weather variability remains insufficient. Therefore, this study used numerical simulations to demonstrate the influences of the TP and its mechanical and thermal forcing on global high-frequency temperature variability and eddy kinetic energy (EKE). Despite local influences, the TP influenced the high-frequency temperature variability in far-flung regions like North America. In summer, the TP’s influence on high-frequency temperature variability showed dipole patterns in Eurasia and tripole patterns in North America, which were mainly induced by TP thermal forcing. In winter, the TP’s influence on high-frequency temperature variability was dominated by mechanical forcing and was less significant for remote regions than in summer. Mechanical forcing dominated EKE in both summer and winter. Furthermore, the horizontal temperature advection dominated the TP’s influence on high-frequency temperature variability for both its thermal effect in summer and its mechanical effect in winter, wherein EKE, as the dynamical factor, determined the horizontal temperature advection rather than the thermodynamical factor, the temperature gradient. Our findings suggest that the TP, via its mechanical and thermal forcing, may have an impact on temperature-related weather extremes around the world.

Significance Statement

The Tibetan Plateau (TP), being one of the world’s largest topographies, has been demonstrated to influence both paleoclimatic evolution and contemporary climate variability. However, the effect of TP on global weather variability has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, this study looked into the effect of the TP on global high-frequency temperature variability. The TP’s overall, mechanical, and thermal effects on high-frequency temperature variability and EKE were specifically demonstrated. To get insights into dynamics, the physical processes underpinning the TP’s influence on high-frequency temperature variability were further clarified. This study contributes to a better understanding of the effects of large-scale topography on global high-frequency temperature variations, as well as relevant weather extremes.
Nationwide Trends in Utilization of Minimally Invasive Techniques for Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Chervu Nikhil L. , Butterfield Jaron , Sakowitz Sara , Le Nguyen , Mallick Saad , Cho Nam Y. , Benharash Peyman
Published: May 2024

Background

Despite increasing use of minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques for trauma, limited large-scale studies have evaluated trends, outcomes, and resource utilization at centers that utilize MIS modalities for blunt abdominal trauma.

Methods

Operative adult admissions after blunt assault, falls, or vehicular collisions were tabulated from the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample. Patients who received diagnostic laparoscopy or other laparoscopic and robotic intervention were classified as MIS. Institutions with at least one MIS trauma operation in a year were defined as an MIS Performing Institution (MPI; rest: non-MPI). The primary endpoint was mortality, with secondary outcomes of reoperation, complication, postoperative length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization costs. Mixed regression models were used to determine the association of MPI status on the outcomes of interest.

Results

Throughout the study period, the proportion of MIS operations and MPI significantly increased from 22.6 to 29.8% and 45.9 to 58.8%, respectively. Of an estimated 77,480 patients, 66.7% underwent care at MPI. After adjustment, MPI status was not associated with increased odds of mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] [.96,1.24]), reoperation (AOR 1.02, CI [.87,1.19]), or any of the tabulated complications. There was additionally no difference in adjusted LOS (β-.18, CI [-.85, +.49]) or costs (β+$1600, CI [-1600, +4800]), between MPI and non-MPI.

Discussion

The use of MIS operations in blunt abdominal trauma has significantly increased, with performing centers experiencing no difference in mortality or resource utilization. Prospectively collected data on outcomes following MIS trauma surgery is necessary to elucidate appropriate applications.
Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases and Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ang Song Peng , Chia Jia Ee , Misra Kanchan , Krittanawong Chayakrit , Iglesias Jose , Gewirtz Daniel , Mukherjee Debabrata
Published: May 2024

Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (AIRDs) are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. However, the post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) outcomes in this population present a research gap, given the limited and discordant findings in existing studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between AIRDs and clinical outcomes after PCI; 9 studies with 7,027,270 patients (126,914 with AIRD, 6,900,356 without AIRD) were included. The AIRD cohort was characterized by an older age, a predominantly female demographic, and a greater prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Over a mean follow-up period of 4.6 ± 3.5 years, AIRD patients demonstrated significantly higher odds of all-cause mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.45, 95% CI: 1.25-1.78, P < .001) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.62, P = .04) compared with non-AIRD patients. Sensitivity analysis using adjusted estimates, confirmed the higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.64, P = .01). Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had a significantly elevated odds of all-cause mortality (OR 1.50, 95% CI: 1.27-1.77) and MACE (OR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.14-1.21). Our study demonstrated an association between AIRDs and suboptimal long-term outcomes post-PCI. Prospective studies are warranted to explore the risk factors of unfavorable prognoses in patients with AIRDs.
Effects of a Brief Spiritual Intervention on Perceived Stress During COVID-19
Authors: Wang Shawn , Nooteboom Peter , Robles Theodore F.
Published: May 2024

There is an increased need for self-administered coping strategies to combat the threat to mental health posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine. The current study investigated the feasibility of using spiritual connection as a way of coping with chronic stress emerging from the global pandemic. Participants ( N = 122) recruited from a college sample were randomly assigned to complete either daily spiritual connection tasks or a no treatment control group for a week and then completed measures of perceived stress, spiritual health, and spiritual beliefs at baseline, 4-day, and 7-day time points. No differences in perceived stress over the week were found between groups, but participants in the spiritual condition who showed increases in spiritual health showed decreases in perceived stress. These findings may help to illuminate potential pathways of leveraging specific aspects of spirituality to combat chronic, global stress exposures.
Parenting Style and Subjective Well-Being in Children and Youth: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huang Liangrong , Wu Wenfeng , Yang Fang
Published: May 2024

Parenting styles influence child development. Some theories and numerous studies have shown a close relationship between parenting style and youths’ subjective well-being; however, the results of different studies were inconsistent. Hence, our meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall relationship between positive and negative parenting styles on subjective well-being (including life satisfaction, positive and negative affect) and any moderating effects between them. After searching and screening the literature, 155 studies were included in the analysis, comprising 79,979 participants and 417 effect sizes. The results showed that positive parenting style was significantly positively associated with subjective well-being ( r = .318, 95% CI = .287 to .348), life satisfaction ( r = .358, 95% CI = .326 to .389), and positive affect ( r = .355, 95% CI = .303 to .406), but significantly negatively associated with negative affect ( r = −.153, 95% CI = −.207 to −.098). Negative parenting style was significantly negatively related to subjective well-being ( r = −.173, 95% CI = −.205 to −.152), life satisfaction ( r = −.144, 95% CI = −.175 to −.112), and positive affect ( r = −.078, 95% CI = −.129 to −.027), but significantly positively related to negative affect ( r = .204, 95% CI = .149 to .257). Moderating effect results showed that the relationship between parenting style and subjective well-being is moderated by age, gender, and cultural background. Findings highlight the benefits of positive parenting styles in promoting healthy child development and well-being.
Bridging the Green Gap in Homesharing: How Platforms Can Increase Hosts’ Sustainability Intentions and Behavior
Authors: Rossmannek Oliver , David Natalie , Sandoval Carlos , Garay Lluis
Published: May 2024

Homesharing platforms are under substantive pressure to become more environmentally sustainable. Key to this challenge is these platforms’ homesharing hosts, who have the opportunity to introduce new sustainability innovations (e.g., water-saving measures). However, knowledge of what drives hosts’ sustainability behavior is currently limited. We address this gap and investigate antecedents for hosts’ sustainability intentions. Our study is based on a survey in Europe (conducted in 12 languages), resulting in a sample of 1,392 hosts. Building on the theory of planned behavior, we perform three analyses: (a) quantitative and theory testing, (b) quantitative and explorative, and (c) qualitative and explorative. Notably, we find that attitude and norms, as well as financial resources and time, are the main drivers of hosts’ sustainability intentions. In addition, the presence of local service offices (i.e., a platform business model that internalizes service operations from hosts) moderates the effects of sustainability antecedents.
No Place Like Home? Alienage, Popular Sovereignty and an Implied Freedom of Entry into Australia Under the Constitution
Authors: Durkin Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Does the Constitution protect the ability of an Australian to enter the country? This article investigates that question. Whilst the Constitution provides no express guarantee of a citizen’s right to enter Australia, a series of recent cases — particularly Love v Commonwealth1 and Alexander v Minister for Home Affairs2 — give occasion to consider whether a freedom of entry forms an implied part of Australia’s constitutional framework. Early scholarly attempts to establish a freedom of entry have relied upon the definition of non-alienage to ground this implication. This article commences by reviewing the effect of the High Court’s recent alienage jurisprudence on these arguments. After concluding that fatal difficulties attend this approach, I investigate an alternative foundation for an implied freedom of entry: an implication drawn from a constitutional principle of popular sovereignty. Focusing on a recent thread of High Court jurisprudence which has placed an increasing emphasis on the constitutional protection afforded to popular sovereignty, I conclude that this alternative basis provides a viable foundation upon which an implied freedom of entry could be recognised in the Constitution.
Insomnia and fibromyalgia-like symptoms among women diagnosed with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in Jordan: Prevalence and correlates
Authors: Gammoh Omar , Mansour Mohammad , AL Hababbeh Suha , Ennab Wail , Aljabali Alaa A. A. , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Binsaleh Ammena Y. , Abdul Rahim Shilbayeh Sireen
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study examined the prevalence and correlates of fibromyalgia and insomnia in a convenience sample of Women with Multiple Sclerosis (WMS).

Methods

The study was cross-sectional in design and recruited a sample of 163 women with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Fibromyalgia was assessed using the Patient Self-Report Survey (PSRS), which follows criteria outlined by the American College of Rheumatology. Insomnia was measured using the Arabic version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-A).

Results

The prevalence of fibromyalgia and insomnia was 28.2% (n = 46) and 46.3% (n = 76), respectively. Multivariate analyses were used to determine significant independent correlates. Fibromyalgia was associated with age above 40 years (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.01-5.18, P = .04), high school education (OR = 3.69, 95% CI = 1.62-8.37, P = .002), and non-use of analgesics (OR = .02, 95% CI = .004-.21, P = .001). Insomnia symptoms were significantly associated only with age above 40 years (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.16-4.04, P = .01).

Conclusion

These findings highlight the need for increased attention by primary care physicians towards diagnosing and treating fibromyalgia and insomnia among women with RRMS in Jordan, particularly for older women.
The State, Political Power, and the Financialization of Agrarian Space in Brazil
Authors: Trentin Rech Lucas , Jeziorny Daniel Lemos
Published: May 2024

The analysis of this paper is focused on economic development and environmental surpluses. It emphasizes the importance of agrarian space as well as the state’s role in organizing society to favor capitalist development. The paper employs a Marxist theoretical framework to define the difference between the state and the government. It uses this framework to examine some of the main features of the PT government and its role in promoting rural financialization in Brazil. The paper examines major subsidized financial products as well as their public cost. It concludes that the state’s role in the financialization process was not just a choice on the part of the Brazilian government but also a reflection of the economic power exerted by financial and agrarian capital.
A Modified Approach for Preventing Anterior Glottic Web Formation Using Mitomycin C in Bilateral Vocal Fold Lesions
Authors: Kang Yung Jee , Park Sung Yool , Kim Gangmi , Suh Ye-Jin , Yun Jason , Choi Nayeon , Son Young-Ik
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Laryngeal keel insertion, mucosal suture, application of mitomycin-C (MMC), and staged operations are approaches to prevent the anterior glottic web, but there are limitations. Our study suggests a modified approach to prevent the formation of an anterior glottic web. Methods: This retrospective single-institution tertiary center study (N = 23) involved the simultaneous removal of bilateral vocal fold lesions with topical MMC application. If exudate was identified after 4 to 6 weeks, second laryngomicroscopic surgery (LMS) was performed to remove it with topical MMC application. Extent of anterior glottic web was measured as a percentage of the total length of the membranous vocal fold. Results: After the initial surgery, 18 patients recovered without anterior web or fibrin exudate. Thick exudate was observed in 5 patients. After the second LMS, all patients showed improvement and did not develop anterior web. Conclusion: This modified method has been developed to prevent the anterior glottic web without complications.
Information Discovery by Analysts
Authors: Daniel Naveen D. , Lee Sang Mook , Naveen Lalitha
Published: May 2024

We provide direct evidence that analysts engage in information discovery, and that investors value this discovery. The innovation in our article is to read through the summaries of over 3,500 analyst reports to identify whether analysts engage in discovery and/or interpretation. Analysts discover new information from management sources (example: personal meetings) and non-management sources (example: channel checks). Information discovery is prevalent in 17% of the reports. Investors react more strongly to analyst reports containing changes in price targets or Earnings per Share if those reports are accompanied by information discovery. Economic determinants predict whether a report contains discovery.
The post-war Japanese eating model: A sociological exploration of semi-compressed food modernity
Authors: Ueda Haruka
Published: May 2024

Among multiple factors that can influence people’s food security, the gender inequality factor has attracted inadequate attention in high-income countries, particularly in Japan. To analyse how and why gender inequality issue has been neglected in food policy in Japan, I propose the notion of the ‘post-war Japanese eating model’ based on the sociologies of family and food. I demonstrate how Japanese society has persisted with this eating model by examining two dominant dietary discourses, the Japanese dietary pattern and Hōshoku (deterioration of dietary practices). The former reinforced the post-war Japanese eating model, despite the prevailing agricultural and nutritional accounts. Regarding the latter discourse, Hōshoku was overestimated, resulting in enlarging the contradiction between norms (the Japanese dietary pattern) and practices. Given the increasing difficulty in performing such practice, their dietary norms need to be reconstructed through awareness of reflexive or ‘semi-compressed’ food modernity facing Japan.
Ischemic stroke due to stylocarotid artery syndrome: a case report and review
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Qiuju , Zheng Yunyun , Cai Jian , Jin Haifeng , Lin Yan , Wang Yuhui
Published: May 2024

Stylocarotid artery syndrome (SAS) is a rare variant of Eagle’s syndrome that may lead to transient ischemic attack or stroke. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism involves compression of the internal carotid artery by an elongated styloid process (ESP), potentially resulting in vascular occlusion or dissection. An ESP exceeding 2.5 cm is deemed elongated, with a length of 3.0 cm considered clinically significant. Although the prevalence of ESP ranges from 4.0% to 7.3%, symptomatic cases are rare; symptoms are present in only approximately 4.0% of individuals with an ESP. Unlike the typical symptoms of Eagle’s syndrome, SAS may not cause pharyngeal discomfort, the sensation of a foreign body in the throat, dysphagia, or facial pain. This absence of characteristic symptoms as well as the development of central nervous system symptoms often leads patients to seek care from neurologists instead of otolaryngologists, increasing the likelihood of misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. We herein report a unique case of ischemic stroke caused by SAS and present a literature review on cases of SAS-associated ischemic stroke published in the past decade. The reporting of this study conforms to the CARE guidelines.
Civil Service Rules: (Post)Colonial Memoir and the Raj Revival, 1970–1985
Authors: Goodman Sam
Published: May 2024

In the 1970s, the India Office Archive within the British Library began inviting the last generation of the Indian Civil Service and Indian Political Service to commit their experiences to written record. Running until the mid-1980s and eventually producing 135 manuscript memoirs, this archive offers a unique insight into the end of the British Empire, as seen a generation hence. This article argues that these memoirs, generated in a time of crisis and fracture within British national identity, are not only vital historical sources but are a significant body of creative work within the context of acute cultural production of narratives of Empire known as the ‘Raj Revival’. Moreover, in their acknowledgement, inclusion and direct dialogue with colonial fictions from Kipling to Forster, as well as their own aesthetic form, these memoirs are part of the long tendency towards the blurring of the boundaries between fiction and life writing within the historical publishing cultures of British India.
The anticipatory structure of Isaiah 1-12
Authors: Kummerow David
Published: May 2024

Literary and structural studies on the book of Isaiah have identified chapters 36-39 as a narrative core to the book in which deliberate connections are made from Hezekiah back to Ahaz in the other large narrative earlier in the book. This article builds upon this body of work by arguing that the narrative of chapters 6-8 is centrally positioned within chapters 1-12, the first section of the book, just as chapters 36-39 are centrally positioned within the book as a whole. In this way chapters 1-12, as the first major section of the book, thematically and structurally anticipate the work as a whole. This device contributes to the way the book presents motifs that are then taken up and nuanced later in the book, as well as structurally highlighting the ruler of chapters 9 and 11 and the servant of chapters 40-55.
Geographies of gender and sexuality II: Charting scholarship on health
Authors: Tucker Andrew
Published: May 2024

Health has become a key focus for scholarship within the geographies of gender and sexualities. This progress report offers a schematic overview of the multiple ways in which the study of health (and especially disease and the lack of good health) has been studied in relation to such geographies. It explores the multiple ways in which an understanding of place has been operationalised, considers the potential importance still for large-scale quantitative studies, and highlights the importance of studies of health for broader debates and interests within the discipline. This progress report then concludes with some questions for future scholarship.
Impacts of Advanced Vehicle Technologies and Risk Attitudes on Distracted Driving Behaviors
Authors: Schneider Evelyn M. , D’Ambrosio Lisa A. , Lee Chaiwoo , Coughlin Joseph F.
Published: May 2024

Despite concerns over distracted driving, many Americans still engage in risky activities while driving, leading to crashes and fatal outcomes. This study aims to investigate the impact of individual risk attitudes and in-vehicle technologies on various types of distracted driving behaviors (DDB), providing insights into the factors that contribute to an increased likelihood of DDB and enhancing an understanding of the effects of advanced vehicle technologies (AVT) on driver behavior. The analysis leverages self-reported survey questionnaire data from a nationally representative sample of participants. To assess the relationships between the variables, exploratory factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used. The findings revealed that the presence of AVT and individual risk attitudes each predicted DDB. The presence of driver-assist and safety features did, however, lead to some degree of decreased distracted driving. Convenience features, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, were most likely to increase DDB, highlighting the need for the design of AVT systems to minimize distracted driving while leveraging the benefits of technology. The data also indicate that other factors affect DDB. Notably, younger individuals engaged in more DDB compared with older individuals, and individuals who drive more frequently and for longer distances also exhibited a higher frequency of DDB. Factors such as driving experience and exposure also affected DDB, with driving exposure having a more substantial influence.
Resiliency Against Flooding in Pavement Geotechnics: Practice Review of State Transportation Agencies
Authors: Husain Syed Faizan , Wiggins Robert , Kim Youngdae , Alhadidi Yusra , Tutumluer Erol
Published: May 2024

Extreme weather events driven by climate change pose significant threats to our transportation infrastructure, particularly road pavements, in the United States. This paper proposes a guiding framework for designing resilient pavements. The framework was established after comprehensive reviews of the state of practice from pavement design manuals and construction-, implementation-, and practice documents publicly available on websites of state departments of transportation (DOTs) across the country. The objective of this study was to evaluate the infrastructure flood readiness and awareness of transportation agencies based on the state DOT website surveys. Qualitative analyses of transportation agency engineering and construction manuals revealed a varying degree of consideration among the different states for resiliency in transportation infrastructure design policies. Web scraping of state DOT websites highlighted the awareness levels of resiliency and sustainability issues concerning pavements. The importance of constructing permeable pavement base layers to alleviate flood-induced damage was investigated for assessing moisture infiltration effects on pavement performance and how to incorporate these improvements into mechanistic-empirical pavement design concepts. The findings underscored the need to incorporate climate change stressors and predictive climate data modeling in pavement design to enhance infrastructure resilience. Through study findings and considering implementation of the guidelines proposed in this paper, transportation engineers and state agencies are anticipated to be able to better prepare for future extreme weather challenges and safeguard the nation’s transportation assets.
AI-Driven Approach for Automated Real-Time Pothole Detection, Localization, and Area Estimation
Authors: Matouq Younis , Manasreh Dmitry , Nazzal Munir D.
Published: May 2024

Given the potential hazards and risks that potholes pose to road users, this study introduces an image-based system that utilizes a combination of a camera and GPS for real-time detection, georeferencing, and area estimation of potholes. The captured system data is processed in real-time using YOLOv8, a deep learning model proficient in object detection and segmentation. To enhance the precision and reduce the occurrence of false detections, the system is specifically trained to detect potholes, manholes, and patches. Additionally, the camera is calibrated to accurately estimate the area of identified potholes. The proposed system achieved a mean average precision of 91% in detecting potholes, 98% in detecting manholes, and 90% for detecting patches. A salient feature of this system is its capability to localize potholes with reference to pavement line lane markings. This ability could facilitate proactive lane closure planning by maintenance crews, further enhancing road safety measures. The study findings suggest that the system holds significant potential for practical implementation. Its deployment could assist transportation agencies in the prioritization of road repairs, resource allocation, and advance planning for lane closures, ultimately enhancing the efficiency of their maintenance workflows.
The ethics of artificial intelligence in healthcare: From hands-on care to policy-making
Authors: Kluge E.-H.
Published: May 2024

Contemporary healthcare at all levels increasingly uses Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, since the various levels involve different tasks, have different data needs, and different ethical obligations, the AIs that are used have to be differently structured. Also, since healthcare construed as a commodity involves different ethical parameters from healthcare construed as a right, and different ethical systems entail logically distinct considerations, this also necessitates the need for differently structured AIs. This column sketches how and why this is the case. It concludes with a brief look at why AIs programmed into quantum computers would not change this.
Attributions of Sexual Assault: Effects of Victim and Perpetrator Stereotypes, Presentation Order, and Participant Characteristics
Authors: Dickinson Olivia B. , Roberts Michael E.
Published: May 2024

Research on sexual assault has shown that victim, perpetrator, and participant characteristics can influence evaluations of an assault. However, the studies have not examined a possible main effect or interactions from respectively introducing the victim or perpetrator first in an assault description, and previous studies have used participant samples with little diversity. We conducted two studies with factorial between-groups designs that varied presentation order in addition to victim and perpetrator stereotypicality and then assessed the impacts on participants’ judgments of sexual assault scenarios. We used the online marketplace Prolific to collect large, diverse samples of participants, and in the second study, we collected roughly equal sample sizes of individuals who identified as Black females/males and White females/males. Our results indicate that multiple factors—including victim and perpetrator stereotypicality, presentation order, and participants’ gender identities—significantly influenced judgments of the sexual assault, and there were numerous interactions. The results provide strongest support for a spreading activation model in which each factor can influence a participant’s judgment of the other factors and the overall scenario. As such, the findings may bear on the legal handling of sexual assault cases as well as suggesting how different presentation formats and emphases in media coverage may sway the court of public opinion.