bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar Light-Vent Pipe Systems: Create Good Building Luminous Environment and Indoor Air Quality
Authors: Wu Yan Peng , Yue Zhi You
Published: October 2011

Solar light-vent pipe system, which is a new kind of green, ecological, energy-saving construction equipment, combining natural ventilation with solar light pipe, can not only improve the architecture luminous environment, but also optimize indoor air quality. This study introduces solar light-vent pipe systems theories and the related technical key point to combine natural ventilation with solar light pipes, gives an overview of the research and development of solar light-vent pipe systems and discusses the current situation and future prospects.
Building Energy-Saving Measures
Authors: Huang Yun Feng
Published: October 2011

This paper aims to solve the current energy problems. After careful analysis of the building energy consumption, energy saving measures and ways were concluded in the matter of building design, application of green energy and building greening. The result of the study shows that actually integrated application of energy-saving measures will realize energy-saving purposes.
Criteria and Realization of Excellent Designs of Steel Structures
Authors: Shen Zu Yan , Wang Ye Hua , Li Yuan Qi
Published: October 2011

Some representative steel structural buildings at home and abroad were discussed from the point of view of architectural form and function, structural system and construction, engineering cost and environmental protection et al. Then the common character of excellent designs and the deficiency of some controversial designs were separately summarized. The essential of steel structural buildings was generalized. Furthermore the criteria of excellent design in the current engineering construction were proposed and expounded from three aspects. At last how to produce excellent designs was explored.
Study on Discharge and Diffusion of Raised Dust during Subgrade Construction in the Yellow River Flood Area
Authors: Yao Zhan Yong , Yao Kai , Zhuang Pei Zhi , Zhang Kai
Published: October 2011

The construction process of subgrade construction was divided into several operating units：oil material loading and unloading, vehicle transportation and wind erosion dust. For each operational unit during each stage of subgrade construction, different Gaussian diffusion models were chosen respectively according to the transmission and diffusion of raised dust from different source (point source, line source and area source). Finally, based on one contract section on a freeway in the Yellow River flood area, the concentration distribution was calculated using atmospheric estimation software in different pattern of point source, line source and area source. It was shown that with the increasing of distance, point source and area source emission increased to the maximum value and then decreased to the stable value, while line source emission presented a distribution pattern which changed decreasingly.
Mechanism Analyses of Structure Formation of Cement Asphalt Emulsion Mixtures
Authors: Wang Zhen Jun , Wang Qiong , Yang Guang Ying
Published: October 2011

Combing with the concept of soft matter and demulsification mechanism of cationic asphalt emulsion, the authors analyzed mechanism of structure formation of cement asphalt emulsion mixtures; thought that minor dosages of cement make properties of asphalt emulsion concrete be changed greatly, and structure of the mixtures mainly results from structure of asphalt emulsion concrete and solid net structure made from asphalt emulsion particles and cement particles; put forward four functions of cement in structure formation of the mixtures, and discussed influence rules of two kinds of binding materials, cement and asphalt emulsion, on structure formation of the mixtures.
Optimization Research on the Performance of Pervious Concrete
Authors: Zhang Fang Cai
Published: October 2011

with the raise and continuous development of the concept that the buildings should be Energy-saving, environmentally friendly and greening, it has enjoyed a more widely use and has been used in a large amount in building roads, squares and pedestrian roads and so on. But its performance of permeability keeps falling down in the process of been used in years, which have a bad influence in its working life. At the same time it is determined that its performance should be improved by its bounded ness of ecological function. This experiment applies nanometer TiO2 on behave of Neon semiconductor catalytic materials to pervious concrete. It can not only meet the requirement about its performance durability in a certain degree, but also highly improves its ecological function.
Study on Activated Sludge Properties of A/A/O Combined Membrane Bioreactor during Startup Period
Authors: Liu Shuo , Wang Bao Zhen , Yang Xu
Published: October 2011

To improve treatment performance and alleviate membrane fouling, the physical and biological properties of sludge in combined MBR which divided into anoxic, anaerobic and aerobic zone were studied. During initial startup period, the sludge in A/A/O combined MBR was suspended growth, after textile carrier package, the sludge was suspended and fixed growth. The biomass analysis showed that with the increase of operation time, MLVSS/MLSS decreased from 0.93 to 0.72 which certified that high MLSS concentration caused biomass growth slow gradually, while packing textile carrier could supply attached biomass which maximum value was 0.18g/cm(3777.8mg/L). Meanwhile, high MLSS concentration also resluted in high sludge viscosity which could reach to 35.42mPa•s and decreased sludge activity. Particle size anaylisis showed that shear stress of aeration made the sludge flocs smaller than conventional activated sludge process. All the sludge properties which had been analysis in this study showed A/A/O combined MBR had great difference from conventional MBR process, and some parameters could be used for membrane fouling control in A/A/O combined MBR for wastewater treatment project.
Pretreatment of Micro-Polluted Raw Water by Parallel Process of Photocatalysis-Biological Contact Oxidation
Authors: Guo Ying Qing , Lei Chun Sheng , Du Er Deng
Published: October 2011

By using parallel process of photocatalysis-biological contact oxidation, a research on the pretreatment effect of micro-polluted raw water was conducted. The result indicates that the changes of HRT and the initial concentration take significant impact on the removal of NH3-N. 60min is the best residence time for the pretreatment. Once the thickness of composite media is 120mm, the removal efficiency of CODMn may reach as much as 15.55%, while the average removal efficiency of turbidity is 20%. Since the nitration reaction consumes certain amount of alkalinity, the pH value of outlet water is lower than inlet water. When employing parallel process, biological oxidation and photocatalysis are performed and finished in the same reactor simultaneously, conducing to maintaining a moderate level of the removal of CODMn and NH3-N. All these are of reference value for its application in practical engineering projects.
Study on the Growth Characteristics of Fouling in Sewage Source Heat Pump Systems
Authors: Qu Yun Xia , Feng Yuan , Liu Huan
Published: October 2011

According to different sources of using sewage, it can be divided into untreated sewage and reclaimed water. The wastewater treatment station in Shandong Jianzhu University is used as the experimental base in this paper. The components from school life sewage was received. The growth regulation of fouling on the surface of PE pipe in untreated sewage and the maximum thickness of fouling growth was found through biological electron microscopy.
A Research on Diagonal Crack Width Formula of RC Beam
Authors: Du Chuang , Yang Xiao Ming , Li Yan Yan
Published: October 2011

Based on the shear performance of existing reinforced concrete beam oblique section and referring to the slipping theory of bending crack of the beam, a formula of the diagonal crack width is proposed through the equilibrium condition, the geometric condition and the concrete failure criteria. This formula has explicitly and clearly the physical concept.So,it can be used to check the maximum diagonal crack width of RC beam in the design.
Synthesis of ZnO Crystals with High Photocatalytic Activity by a Facile Solution Route
Authors: Xie Juan , Bian Li , Xie Yan , Liu Zhi Yong , Zhao Wei
Published: October 2011

ZnO crystals with different morphologies were successfully prepared via a simple solution route at low temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS) were used to characterize the products. Photocatalysis of the as-prepared ZnO crystals was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange in an aqueous solution exposed to ultraviolet light. Results suggested a close relationship between the photocatalytic activity and the particle morphology and size.
Study on the Influence of SRT on Nitrogen Removal and Sludge Properties of A/O-MBR Bioreactor
Authors: Zhang Zhi Hua , Liu Zhi Qiang , Yu Gai Jing , Chen Xiu Bo , Su Bai Ge
Published: October 2011

Anoxic/Oxic Membrane Bioreactor (A/O-MBR) was used to treat domestic sewage, the effect of different sludge retention time (SRT) on nitrogen removal and the sludge properties were investigated. The results indicated that the change of NH3-N removal increased gradually with the SRT extension, then basically tends to be stable. The systematic elimination effect of TN rises with the SRT extension and then slightly tends to decrease. MLVSS/MLSS presents a gradually declining trend with the SRT extension. Sludge volume index (SVI) reduces along with the SRT extension according to the exponential decay tendency, but sludge sedimentation rate (SV30) increases progressively by two step multinomial tendency.
Inversion of Functionally Graded Materials to Improve the Elastic Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Thick-Walled Hollow Cylinder
Authors: Lu Ai Zhong , Zhang Ning
Published: October 2011

Thick-walled hollow cylinder is an important class of engineering structure, the stress state of which depends on the loads and properties of the body materials. Under the assumptions of σθ-σr=c (σθ and σr denote the hoop stress and radial stress, respectively, c is a constant), inverse analysis of thick-walled hollow cylinder composed of functionally graded materials with uniform pressure acting on the outer surface is carried out. Analytical solutions for the Young’s modulus variation in the radial direction are obtained. It is found that only when the Young’s modulus E(r) is a specific monotone increasing function of the radius r, the pre-specified stress distribution can be satisfied. Comparing with classical homogeneous materials, stress concentration at the inner surface of hollow cylinder composed of functionally graded materials can be alleviated. Hence the elastic ultimate bearing capacity of hollow cylinder can be improved strikingly. For functionally graded materials, the elastic ultimate bearing capacity can be improved strikingly by increasing the thickness of cylinder, which is not so obvious for classical homogeneous materials.
Numerical Simulation of Ring-Shape Rock Failure under Compressive Loading
Authors: Zhang Yong Bin , Liang Zheng Zhao , Tang Shi Bin , Jia Jing Hui
Published: October 2011

In this paper, a ring shaped numerical specimen is used to studying the failure process in brittle materials. The ring specimen is subjected to a compressive diametral load and contains two angled central cracks. Numerical modeling in this study is performed. It is shown that the obtained numerical results are in a very good agreement with the experiments. Effect of the crack orientation angle on the failure modes and loading-displace responses is discussed. In the range of 0°~40°, the fracture paths are curvilinear forms starting from the tip of pre-existing cracks and grow towards the loading points. For the crack orientation angle 90°, vertical fractures will split the specimen and the horizontal cracks do not influence the fracture process.
Transient Analysis of Dam-Reservoir Interaction Based on Dynamic Stiffness of SBFEM
Authors: Li Shang Ming
Published: October 2011

The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) was extended to solve dam-reservoir interaction problems in the time domain and a dynamic stiffness used in the SBFEM of semi-infinite reservoir in the time domain was proposed, which was evaluated by the Bessel function. Based on the dynamic stiffness, transient responses subjected to horizontal ground motions were analyzed through coupling the SBFEM and finite element method (FEM). A dam was modeled by FEM, while the whole fluid in reservoir was modeled by the SBFEM alone or a combination of FEM and SBFEM. Two benchmark examples were considered to check the accuracy of the dynamic stiffness. Results were compared with those from analytical or substructure methods and good agreements were found.
Design of Mountain Road Tunnel Safety Monitoring System
Authors: Pan Wei Dong , Gu Ren Guo , Lv Yong Gang , Sheng Xiao Long
Published: October 2011

The tunnel, the construction safety of which is the most important part of highway to put into operation in time, is an important part of the mountain region road. Based on the characteristics of New Austrian Tunneling Method, the importance of safety monitoring system for grasping the rock deformation in the construction process goes without saying. This paper presents a safety monitoring program through the construction of the sage Mei Shan Highway, Lung Hang Tunnel, providing theoretical and operational support for the sage Mei Shan Highway through analyzing the construction process, the principle of safety monitoring, frequency of monitoring items, monitoring and early warning system, measures to ensure measurement accuracy, measurement data analysis, feedback of early warning system.
A Mobile Payment Based on-Street Parking Management System
Authors: Sui Ya Gang , Wei Yun , Guo Jian Hua
Published: October 2011

An on-street parking management system based on mobile payment is proposed in this paper, including system goal and major functions, system architecture, system modular diagram, system database structure, and its implementation, which will prompt the application of mobile payment in on-street parking management and reduce the monetary lost in the on-street parking toll collection process.
Numericai Simulation on Non-Normal Penetration into Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Xiao Li , Qu Wen Zhong , Wang Qian Jin
Published: October 2011

In this paper, a FEA model of non-normal(considering yaw angle and oblique angle) penetration into reinforced concrete is established by using software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. In order to validate the digital model which is sensitive to material parameters,mesh size,ect. Amounts of numerical simulations are performed. The numerical results of a process of peneration are compared with the experimental results, and a good agreement is obtained.In the study,the residual velocity and the ballistic attitude when a projectile penetrates into a reinforced concrete target are focused on, the relationship between positive yaw angle and negative yaw angle with the penetration capacity of the projectile is investigated. The results obtained by the numerical approach are useful for predicting the response of the penetration, and the proposed numerical simulation methods may be very beneficial to some experiment of perforation of reinforced concrete structures.
Porosity and Permeability Analysis of Sludge Stabilised with Fly Coal Ash and Portland Cement
Authors: Daněk Tomáš , Thomas Jan , Jelínek Jan , Mališ Jiří
Published: October 2011

The aim of this study was to quantify the properties of sludge from iron and steel industry with high content of heavy metals, which has been solidified/stabilised by coal fly ash and Portland cement. The mixtures of sludge and coal fly ash and/or cement after of curing were used for tests. The porosity and permeability characteristics of solidified sludge were examined. To understand the behaviour of mixtures in the long term, the prepared mixtures were tested after 14, 28, 56 and 120 days.
Effect of pH on the Microbial Community Structure of SBBR Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal Process
Authors: Qin Yu , Guo Jing Song , Fang Fang
Published: October 2011

PCR-DGGE was applied to analyze the relationship between pH and the microbial community structure of Sequence Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR) autotrophic nitrogen removal process. The reactor was possessed of a high nitrogen removal efficiency at pH=8.0 where the similarity of microbial community structure between active sludge and biofilm samples was the lowest about 84.6% and the richness of bacterial community was the most abundant in biofilm compared with other pH conditions. pH=7.0 was good for the microbes in active sludge but unfavorable for anaerobic bacteria. At pH=9.0, the effects were presented with both bacterial activities and microbial community structure and when pH=6.0 the amount of microbial types dramatically dropped
Determine to Slip Surface in Waterfront Soil Slope Analysis
Authors: Wang Jun Jie , Zhang Hui Ping , Liu Tao
Published: October 2011

This study focuses on the method to determine the slip surface in waterfront soil slope analysis under static and seismic conditions. Based on the limiting equilibrium theory and the stress analyzing method, a new method to determine the slip surface is suggested. In the method, the two basic assumptions are considered in order to solve the problem. One is that the slip surface comprises a series of straight lines, and the other is that the interslice boundary is an inclined plane. Three balance equations for any slice are proposed. The iterative method to solve the balance equations is also suggested. In the new method, the slip surface is obtained slice by slice going from downhill to uphill in terms of the balance equations of the slice, not predefined.
A Matrix of Valves Based on Electro-Rheological Fluid and its Application on Multi-Line Braille Displayer
Authors: Xu Lu Ning , Liu Jun Biao , Li Han
Published: October 2011

A valve based on electro-rheological fluid (ERF) is introduced for its possibility of being a very small volume and power consuming. A novel linking method of these multiple valves and their control strategy contribute to the accomplishment of saving the numbers of power modules and the system power consuming, eventually the volume and weight of the system. For a N times M valves matrix, the saving numbers of power modules used for driving these valves are the difference between the product of N and M, and the plus of N and M. It provides a novel solution of shrinking system for a portable mechatronic embedded system application. A demonstration of these valves matrix on multi-line Braille displayer for blind people is shown.
A VLSI Implementation of Filterbank for MPEG2/4 AAC Encoder
Authors: Tsai Tsung Han , Sha Yu Jie
Published: October 2011

In this paper, we proposed a VLSI architecture of the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) for MPEG 2/4 AAC encoders. The MDCT transforms the time domain input signals to the frequency domain spectrums. It is considered one of the most computational intensive part in implementing the AAC encoder. The AAC encoder allows four types of audio blocks while encoding the audio files. With our algorithm, the proposed design can share the coefficients needed in the MDCT. Moreover, we used a 2-dimensional folding technique to reduce the hardware cost while maintaining the audio quality. The proposed design is realized in TSMC 0.18-um 1P6M technology and is operated at 50 MHz. With these techniques on special hardware design, the result shows some advantages on low complexity.
Activation Energies of Liquid Crystalline Thermoset Containing Rigid-Rod Epoxy
Authors: Byun Seung Hwan , Cho Seung Hyun
Published: October 2011

4,4’-Diglycidyloxy-α-methylstilbene (DOMS) was synthesized and characterized with cross-polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Activation energies for decomposition (Ed) by TGA were determined as a function of conversion by weight loss process.
SHPB Experimental Investigation used for Concrete
Authors: Zhang Wei , Song Han Dong , Yang Wei , Jiang Guo Ping
Published: October 2011

The incident wave and transmission wave varying with the time have been obtained by SHPB experiment. The relationship curve for stress and strain of material concrete has also been obtained. The Weibull function is used to describe the damage factor of the concrete. The damage factor of the concrete changing with the time under the impact conditions is obtained by the method of fitting the strain-stress relationship curves.
Investigation of Fluoride Release from Orthodontic Acrylic Plate
Authors: Srithongsuk Siraprapa , Anuwongnukroh N. , Dechkunakorn Surachai , Srikhirin Toemsak , Tua-Ngam Peerapong
Published: October 2011

Objective: This study aimed to investigate fluoride release, flexural strength and surface characteristics of three orthodontic acrylic resins (A) blended with (1) sodium fluoride powder (NaF), (2) calcium fluoride powder (CaF2), and (3) glass ionomer cement powder (GIC). Material & Methods: Acrylic resin was blended with NaF, CaF2 , and GIC to make orthodontic acrylic plates. Each sample group was divided into subgroups at fluoride concentrations 5%, 10% and 20%. The acrylic resin was cured in a round stainless steel mold and kept in a bottle with 10 ml. deionized water then kept in an incubator at 37oC. The deionized water, changed every day, was tested for fluoride release up to six mo by Orion machine. For the flexural strength test, the samples were cured in a stainless steel mold, 64 mm. long, 10 mm. wide and 3.3 mm. high according to standard of ISO 20795-2 and testing was done up to 6 mo in deionized water. Scanning electron microscope determined surface characteristics after being blended. Results: Fluoride release was observed from orthodontic acrylic plates blended with NaF, CaF2 and GIC. The results of the A-NaF and the A- CaF2 group decreased fluoride level greatly at day 2, but the A-GIC group was observed at day 7. The A-NaF group and the A-GIC group could not detect fluoride level after mo 4 and 2, respectively. The A-CaF2 group found greater long term fluoride release than the A-NaF and the A-GIC group especially at 20% concentration (up to six mo). Significant differences (p<0.05) of fluoride release level (ppmF) among the A-NaF, A-GIC, and A-CaF2 groups at 5% concentration in every time point from day 1 to the mo 5, but not significant in mo 6 similar to the 10% concentration comparison. Whereas, comparing the 20% concentration among groups, significant differences (p<0.05) were found between groups in all periods of time (from the day 1 to mo 6). When comparing the different concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20% in each group, significant differences (p<0.05) were found in every concentration at every time period of the A-GIC group from day 1 to mo 2, in the A-CaF2 group from day 1 to mo 6 and in the A-NaF group from day 1 to mo 4. Conclusion: Fluoride release was observed from orthodontic acrylic plates blended with NaF, CaF2 and GIC. The longest duration of fluoride release from orthodontic acrylic plates was found in the CaF2 group followed by the NaF and GIC groups. The flexural strength in every group decreased over time. This result implied that the flexural strength decreased during fluoride release. The acrylic surface was seen to be porous in every period of the fluoride release process.
Design of 3 DOF Haptic Master Mechanisms Featuring Bi-Directional Clutch/Brake for MIS
Authors: Oh Jong Seok , Lim Seung Gu , Nguyen Phuong Bac , Choi Seung Bok
Published: October 2011

This study presents the configuration and modeling of an electro-rheological (ER) fluid-based haptic master device for minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The haptic master device can produce a 3-DOF rotational motion which is realized by ER bi-directional clutch/brake for X and Y axes and ER brake for Z axis. In order to transmit a complex rotation from the handle of the device to three rotary movements, a gimbal structure is adopted. Before manufacturing the proposed haptic master, two case of design parameters are detemined from the viewpoint of compact size and extensive workspace, respectively.
Comparison of Properties between General Purpose Stainless Steel Wire and Commercial Orthodontic Stainless Steel Wire
Authors: Anuwongnukroh Niwat , Dechkunakorn Surachai , Churnjitapirom Pornkiat , Sukhanun Ekkapot , Intrarasuksanti Tunwa , Jarounkonkit Pattara , Sarakul Sutipong
Published: October 2011

In Thailand, commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires are imported from overseas and expensive. However, lower cost general purpose stainless steel wires, the same type and number as commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires may be used for orthodontic purposes. Objective: This study aimed to determine the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of general purpose stainless steel wire compared with commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires. Materials and Method: Two commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires (Ormco and Highland) and general purpose stainless steel wire (SUS 304H) were evaluated. The physical and mechanical properties were studied according to ISO 15841:2006 and corrosion resistance was studied according to ISO 10271:2001. Surface characteristics and composition were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe micro analyzer, respectively. Results: The experiment indicated that SUS 304H had the diameter and mechanical properties in the range of orthodontic stainless steel wires. The surface characteristics SUS 304H were similar from observation by SEM magnifications but SUS 304H had lower corrosion resistance due to lower nickel content. The composition confirmed that the three samples wires were genuine type 304. Conclusion: SUS 304H properties are comparable to commercial orthodontic wire properties.
Pseudo Transistor Matrix for Defect Density Extraction of Gate Oxide Shorts
Authors: Ding Yong , Luo Xiao Hua , Gao Cao
Published: October 2011

Gate oxide shorts (GOS) defect is a critical factor in influencing yield or reliability of the wafer. Due to the conventional test vehicles are not appropriate to collect mass of testing data for GOS defect densities detection and have different manufacture process from the normal transistors resulting in the high testing cost. In this paper, a novel pseudo transistor matrix (PTM) is proposed for GOS density extraction which has almost the same structure as normal transistor. By assuming that GOS are completely independent, the defect density of GOS is extracted from the layout attributes and yield with PTM as a test vehicle to collect mass of testing data. Experimental results show that the extracted GOS defect density is in a good agreement with inline e-test data.
Mechanism of Material Deposition from Powder, Electrode and Dielectric for Surface Modification of H11 and H13 Die Steels in EDM Process
Authors: Batish Ajay , Bhattacharya Anirban
Published: October 2011

Surface modifications using the powder mixed electric discharge machining (PMEDM) process has gained a lot of research interest in recent few years. The present paper investigates the material transfer from the powder suspended in dielectric, electrode and dielectric material for enhancing the surface properties measured in terms of the microhardness of the machined surface for two kinds of die steels (H11 and H13). Four different powder materials aluminium, copper, graphite and tungsten were mixed with dielectric during machining with three different dielectric materials namely kerosene, EDM oil and refined mineral oil. Other process parameters were varied at suitable levels. Maximum increase in microhardness was observed with addition of tungsten powder and with tungsten-copper electrode even at lower current. Current significantly affected the transfer mechanism of material on the machined surface but was dwarfed by the very significant affect of powder which had the largest contribution. A relative comparison of microhardness between deposited and non-deposited regions showed an increase of 37% for H11 and 56% for H13 due to addition of powder. The photomicrographs of the machined surface also supported the material transfer from powder, electrode as well as dielectric forming compounds that suitably improve the surface properties of H11 and H13 die steel.
Experimental Investigations for Development of Pattern for Dies Using FDM
Authors: Garg Harish Kumar , Singh Rupinder
Published: October 2011

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a relatively new prototyping technique in which parts can be produced rapidly and accurately. The component produced by FDM can be utilized for investment casting or it can be used for development of dies. The present work started with the identification of the bench mark/component. Prototypes were built with ABS plastic material and measurements were made on the co-ordinate measuring machine from which IT grades were calculated to check the dimensional accuracy of the components. The purpose of this study is to find whether the FDM process is capable of producing a pattern for manufacturing a die for hand tool with good dimensional accuracy. The study involves best settings of machine by varying the part orientations and studying the effect on the consumption of the model material, support material and the time taken for production. Measured mechanical properties like micro hardness indicated the suitability of the process. Final components produced are acceptable as per ISO standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995) and DIN16901.The results of study suggest FDM process lies within ± 6 sigma and value of cp, cpk is greater than 1 which conforms that FDM process is highly capable process for industrial applications.
Use of Laparoscope as Rigid Enteroscope in Blue Rubber Bleb Naevus Syndrome
Authors: Adams Stephen David , Lisle Rebecca , Coelho Tracy , Chouhan Aroonkumar , Butt Assad , Mahomed Anies
Published: October 2011

Management of bleeding multiple haemangiomata within the gastrointestinal tract is a surgical challenge in this case of Blue Rubber Bleb Naevus Syndrome (BRBNS). Described is a novel use of the laparoscope as a rigid enteroscope in order to provide intraluminal imaging for successful lesional resection from small bowel.
The development of a comprehensive machine-readable lexicon for Zulu
Authors: Van der Merwe Ronelle
Published: October 2011

A comprehensive machine-readable (MR) lexicon is a strategic resource in the development of language technology. Two essential aspects are the development of a comprehensive data model and its accurate and efficient implementation. This study focuses on the development of MR lexicons for the South African Bantu languages and more specifically Zulu.
New Short Term Prediction Method for Chemical Carcinogenicity by Hepatic Transcript Profiling following 28-Day Toxicity Tests in Rats
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroshi , Yakabe Yoshikuni , Saito Fumiyo , Saito Koichi , Sumida Kayo , Sekijima Masaru , Nakayama Koji , Miyaura Hideki , Otsuka Masanori , Shirai Tomoyuki
Published: October 2011

We have previously shown the hepatic gene expression profiles of carcinogens in 28-day toxicity tests were clustered into three major groups (Group-1 to 3). Here, we developed a new prediction method for Group-1 carcinogens which consist mainly of genotoxic rat hepatocarcinogens. The prediction formula was generated by a support vector machine using 5 selected genes as the predictive genes and predictive score was introduced to judge carcinogenicity. It correctly predicted the carcinogenicity of all 17 Group-1 chemicals and 22 of 24 non-carcinogens regardless of genotoxicity. In the dose-response study, the prediction score was altered from negative to positive as the dose increased, indicating that the characteristic gene expression profile emerged over a range of carcinogen-specific doses. We conclude that the prediction formula can quantitatively predict the carcinogenicity of Group-1 carcinogens. The same method may be applied to other groups of carcinogens to build a total system for prediction of carcinogenicity.
A European Perspective on Topical Ophthalmic Antibiotics: Current and Evolving Options
Authors: Bremond-Gignac D. , Chiambaretta F. , Milazzo S.
Published: October 2011

Background

Eye infections can be vision-threatening and must be treated effectively by appropriate and safe use of topical ophthalmic anti-infectives. This review will essentially consider the current and evolving treatment options for the various types of bacterial eye infections. Ocular surface bacterial infections affect subjects of all ages with a high frequency in newborns and children.

Methods

This article presents a review of the peer-reviewed published scientific literature in order to define the well-established uses of anti-infective eye drops in the field of ocular infections. A comprehensive search of the recent published literature including topical ophthalmic anti-infectives effective in bacterial ocular infections was performed. Clinical studies provide relevant data concerning the characteristics and clinical efficacy of antibacterial eye drops in ocular anterior segment infections or for perioperative prophylaxis. Publications were included to cover the current options of antibacterial eye drops available in Europe.

Results

Several recent publications identified effective topical ocular antibacterials requiring a reduced dose regimen and a short treatment course. Additional literature reviewed included data on novel perioperative prophylaxis, indications for topical fortified antibiotics and innovative research including the risk of resistance.

Conclusions

Safe and effective topical antibiotic eye drops for the treatment and prevention of ocular infections must be adapted to the type of bacteria suspected. Usual topical antimicrobials should be replaced by more recent and more effective treatments. The use of highly effective fluoroquinolones should be reserved for the most severe cases to avoid resistance. Short treatment courses, such as azithromycin, can be easily used in children, thereby improving quality of life.
Exploring the Relationship between Affect and Sensory Processing Patterns in Adults
Authors: Engel-Yeger Batya , Dunn Winnie
Published: October 2011

Purpose:

Growing evidence exists regarding the relationship between sensory processing and affective disorders. However, most of this evidence relates to children. This study aimed to explore the relationship between positive/negative affect and sensory processing patterns as expressed in daily situations among healthy adults.

Procedure:

Two hundred and thirteen healthy individuals aged 18–50 years completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).

Results:

Negative affect correlated positively with Sensory Sensitivity, Sensation Avoiding and Low Registration. Positive affect correlated with Sensation Seeking.

Conclusion:

Sensory processing patterns might be related to the person's affect. In practical terms, this relationship among typical individuals suggests that people could benefit from knowledge about the impact of their sensory processing patterns on everyday life or, in some cases, from occupational therapy intervention. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to elucidate this relationship and its impacts on participation, quality of life and wellbeing.
An important fingerprint of wildfires on the European aerosol load
Authors: Barnaba F. , Angelini F. , Curci G. , Gobbi G. P.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Wildland fires represent the major source of fine aerosols, i.e., atmospheric particles with diameters <1 μm. The largest numbers of these fires occur in Africa, Asia and South America, but a not negligible fraction also occurs in Eastern Europe and former USSR countries, particularly in the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Besides the impact of large forest fires, recent studies also highlighted the crucial role played by routine agricultural fires in Eastern Europe and Russia on the Arctic atmosphere. An evaluation of the impact of these fires over Europe is currently not available. The assessment of the relative contribution of fires to the European aerosol burden is hampered by the complex mixing of natural and anthropogenic particle types across the continent. In this study we use long term (2002–2007) satellite-based fires and aerosol data coupled to atmospheric trajectory modelling in the attempt to estimate the wildfires contribution to the European aerosol optical thickness (AOT). Based on this dataset, we provide evidence that fires-related aerosols play a major role in shaping the AOT yearly cycle at the continental scale. In general, the regions most impacted by wildfires emissions and/or transport are Eastern and Central Europe as well as Scandinavia. Conversely, a minor impact is found in Western Europe and in the Western Mediterranean. We estimate that in spring 5 to 35% of the European fine fraction AOT (FFAOT) is attributable to wildland fires. The estimated impact maximizes in April (20–35%) in Eastern and Central Europe as well as in Scandinavia and in the Central Mediterranean. An important contribution of wildfires to the FFAOT is also found in summer over most of the continent, particularly in August over Eastern Europe (28%) and the Mediterranean regions, from Turkey (34%) to the Western Mediterranean (25%). Although preliminary, our results suggest that this fires-related, continent-wide haze plays a not negligible role on the European radiation budget, and possibly, on the European air quality, therefore representing a clear target for mitigation.
Marine bivalve geochemistry and shell ultrastructure from modern low pH environments
Authors: Hahn S. , Rodolfo-Metalpa R. , Griesshaber E. , Schmahl W. W. , Buhl D. , Hall-Spencer J. M. , Baggini C. , Fehr K. T. , Immenhauser A.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Bivalve shells can provide excellent archives of past environmental change but have not been used to interpret ocean acidification events. We investigated carbon, oxygen and trace element records from different shell layers in the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (from the Mediterranean) and M. edulis (from the Wadden Sea) combined with detailed investigations of the shell ultrastructure. Mussels from the harbour of Ischia (Mediterranean, Italy) were transplanted and grown in water with mean pHT 7.3 and mean pHT 8.1 near CO2 vents on the east coast of the island of Ischia. The shells of transplanted mussels were compared with M. edulis collected at pH ~8.2 from Sylt (German Wadden Sea). Most prominently, the shells recorded the shock of transplantation, both in their shell ultrastructure, textural and geochemical record. Shell calcite, precipitated subsequently under acidified seawater responded to the pH gradient by an in part disturbed ultrastructure. Geochemical data from all test sites show a strong metabolic effect that exceeds the influence of the low-pH environment. These field experiments showed that care is needed when interpreting potential ocean acidification signals because various parameters affect shell chemistry and ultrastructure. Besides metabolic processes, seawater pH, factors such as salinity, water temperature, food availability and population density all affect the biogenic carbonate shell archive.
GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS) cirrus cloud working group: modelling case development based on 9 March 2000 ARM SGP observations
Authors: Yang H. , Dobbie S. , Mace G. G. , Ross A. , Quante M.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The GCSS working group on cirrus focuses on inter-comparison of model simulations for models ranging from very detailed microphysical and dynamical models through to general circulation models (GCMs). In the previous GCSS inter-comparison, it was a surprise to the modeling community how much of a range there was in ice water path predictions by different cirrus models for such idealized cases. There was some grouping according to the complexity of models; however, there were no observations with which to distinguish between model performance. The aim of the current GCSS cirrus inter-comparison is to base the study on a rigorously observed case study. In this way, the case may be used to identify which models in the inter-comparison are performing well and highlight areas for model development as well as provide a base case for future models to compare against when being developed or when testing new developments within existing models. In this paper, we present the case development for the current GCSS working group study on cirrus cloud. This paper summarizes how the case was developed and based on the 9 March 2000 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) intensive observation period (IOP). To our knowledge, this case offers the most detailed case study for cirrus comparison available, with extensive effort to derive the most appropriate large scale forcing as possible which is such a significant determinant of clouds. We anticipate this will offer significant improvement over past comparisons which have mostly been loosely based on observations. Notably this study makes use of retrievals of observations of ice water content, ice number concentration, and fall velocity, thus offering several constraints to evaluate model performance. The case study is developed utilizing various observations including ARM SGP remote sensing including the Millimeter cloud radar (MMCR), radiometers, radiosondes, aircraft observations, satellite observations, objective analysis and complemented with results from the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model output and bespoke gravity wave simulations using the 3-dimensional velocities over mountains (3DVOM) model. An initial modelling assessment of the case has been shown using the UK Met Office Large Eddy Simulation Model (LEM) which supports the use of this case for the full inter-comparison study.
Discerning connectivity from dynamics in climate networks
Authors: Paluš M. , Hartman D. , Hlinka J. , Vejmelka M.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The bias due to dynamical memory (serial correlations) in an association/dependence measure (absolute cross-correlation) is demonstrated in model data and identified in time series of meteorological variables used for construction of climate networks. Accounting for such bias in inferring links of the climate network markedly changes the network topology and allows to observe previously hidden phenomena in climate network evolution.
The evolution of the western rift area of the Fimbul Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Humbert A. , Steinhage D.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. This paper studies the evolution of a zone in the Fimbul Ice Shelf that is characterised by large crevasses and rifts west of Jutulstraumen, an outlet glacier flowing into Fimbulisen. High-resolution radar imagery and radio echo sounding data were used to study the surface and internal structure of this rift area and to define zones of similar characteristics. The western rift area is dominated by two factors: a small ice rumple that leads to basal crevasses and disturbs the homogeneity of the ice, and a zone with fibre-like blocks. Downstream of the rumple we found down-welling of internal layers and local thinning, which we explain as a result of basal crevasses due to the basal drag at the ice rumple. North of Ahlmannryggen the ice loses its lateral constraint and forms individual blocks, which are deformed like fibres under shear, where the ice stream merges with slower moving ice masses of the western side. There, the ice loses its integrity, which initiates the western rift system. The velocity difference between the slow moving western part and the fast moving extension of Jutulstraumen produces shear stress that causes the rifts to form tails and expand them to the major rifts of up to 30 km length.
Low-Concentration Infracyanine Green–Assisted Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling in Idiopathic Macular Pucker 25-Gauge Surgery
Authors: Veritti Daniele , Toneatto Giacomo , Lanzetta Paolo
Published: October 2011

Purpose

To investigate the efficacy of 25-gauge infracyanine green–assisted idiopathic macular pucker surgery and to identify prognostic factors.

Methods

In this retrospective interventional case series, 83 patients with idiopathic macular pucker who underwent 25-gauge surgery with infracyanine green–assisted internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling were retrospectively reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, complete ophthalmologic evaluation, and optical coherence tomography were performed at baseline and during follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative prognostic factors were correlated with final visual outcomes.

Results

Mean follow-up was 10.5 months (range 3-44). Best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.56±0.27 logMAR (±SD) to 0.26 ±0.18 logMAR (p<0.001); central retinal thickness decreased from 441±115 μm to 355±72 μm (p<0.001). Greater postoperative visual gain was correlated with baseline BCVA (r=–0.65, p<0.0001), and BCVA gain after 1 week (r=0.64, p<0.0001) and 1 month (r=0.58, p<0.0001). Final BCVA was influenced by baseline BCVA (r=0.46, p<0.0001), BCVA change after 1 month (r=0.34, p=0.002), and presence of intraretinal fluid (r=0.28, p=0.01). No cases of endophthalmitis, retinal tears, or retinal detachments were reported.

Conclusions

Low-concentration infracyanine green–assisted ILM peeling during minimally invasive surgery is associated with significant visual acuity improvement. Preoperative BCVA and optical coherence tomography appearance may be helpful in predicting the final visual outcome.
Comparison between Soft Gelatin Capsule Containing Ibuprofen and Ibuprofen Regular Tablet in Pain Control Following Scaling and Root Planing
Authors: Jenabian Niloufar , Naderi Ezzatollah , Moghadamnia Ali-Akbar , Zahedpasha Samir
Published: October 2011

Aim: Scaling and root planing (SRP) is a major component of periodontal therapy which is often accompanied by painful experiences for the patient.  The objective of the present study is to evaluate the pain control of two available types of ibuprofen, soft gelatin capsules and tablets, following SRP in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Methodology: 75 patients with chronic periodontitis, undergoing routine periodontal SRP were selected. Following probing the amount of pain perceived was recorded as the baseline pain using visual analog scale (VAS). Further, they received either 800 mg ibuprofen tablet, 800 mg ibuprofen capsule or placebo and the pain level was measured thirty minutes thereafter. Participants underwent SRP procedure and the pain levels were recorded immediately and then at 30 and 60 minutes after SRP.

Results: The mean VAS pain scores assessed immediately, thirty minutes and an hour after SRP for both ibuprofen and ibuprofen capsule groups were lower than placebo. Significant difference in the pain parameter only immediately after SRP between three groups were observed (p=0.012).The mean VAS pain score difference after thirty minutes and an hour upon SRP with baseline was insignificant in all study groups (p≤0.0001). However, the mean VAS pain score measured an hour after SRP showed significant difference between both NSAID groups and placebo group (p=0.012)

Conclusions: Soft gelatin ibuprofen capsules are well suitable for pain management during SRP procedure in patients with chronic periodontitis due to reported rapid onset of action and less gastrointestinal intolerance. 

How to cite this article: Jenabian N, Naderi E, Moghadamnia AA, Zahedpasha S. Comparison between Soft Gelatin Capsule Containing Ibuprofen and Ibuprofen Regular Tablet in Pain Control Following Scaling and Root Planing. Int Dent Res 2011;2:42-47.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.