bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of the effective parameters and performance of different types of structural tools in drilling CFRP/AL alloy stacks
Authors: Ghasemian Fard Mohammad , Baseri Hamid , Zolfaghari Abbas
Published: October 2022

In the modern aerospace industry, the application of hybrid multilayers (CFRP)/aluminum7075 stacks to manufacture various parts of modern aircraft fuselages is increasing in order to improve the quality of the structure. This study investigates the effective parameters when drilling carbon fiber composite (CFRP) and aluminum alloy 7075 stacks with different tool geometries/materials to compare dry machining with the cooling method and investigate the effect of cutting input variables of the drilling operation on machining results. With ANOVA analysis, the most influential parameter for the drilling operation of this kind of multilayer stack was determined as the feed rate. According to the experimental results, the surface roughness of the cooling system drilling was 38% lower than the average roughness of the other two tools (B and C). Moreover, the tool’s geometry and the cooling conditions (friction) have a greater influence on the drilling performance than the spindle speed and feed rate.
Beyond Sentiment: The Value and Measurement of Consumer Certainty in Language
Authors: Rocklage Matthew D. , He Sharlene , Rucker Derek D. , Nordgren Loran F.
Published: October 2022

Sentiment analysis has fundamentally changed marketers’ ability to assess consumer opinion. Indeed, the measurement of attitudes via natural language has influenced how marketing is practiced on a day-to-day basis. Yet recent findings suggest that sentiment analysis's current emphasis on measuring valence (i.e., positivity or negativity) can produce incomplete, inaccurate, and even misleading insights. Conceptually, the current work challenges sentiment analysis to move beyond valence. The authors identify the certainty or confidence of consumers’ sentiment as a particularly potent facet to assess. Empirically, they develop a new computational measure of certainty in language—the Certainty Lexicon—and validate its use with sentiment analysis. To construct and validate this measure, the authors use text from 11.6 million people who generated billions of words, millions of online reviews, and hundreds of thousands of entries in an online prediction market. Across social media data sets, in-lab experiments, and online reviews, the authors find that the Certainty Lexicon is more comprehensive, generalizable, and accurate in its measurement compared with other tools. The authors also demonstrate the value of measuring sentiment certainty for marketers: certainty predicted the real-world success of commercials where traditional sentiment analysis did not. The Certainty Lexicon is available at www.CertaintyLexicon.com .
Using Geocoding to Identify COVID-19 Outbreaks in Congregate Residential Settings: San Francisco’s Outbreak Response in Single-Room Occupancy Hotels
Authors: Cohen Stephanie E. , Stookey Jodi , Anderson Nora , Morris Devan , Singzon Trudy , Dann Maggie , Burk Katie , Chen Carol C.
Published: October 2022

More than 500 single-room occupancy hotels (SROs), a type of low-cost congregate housing with shared bathrooms and kitchens, are available in San Francisco. SRO residents include essential workers, people with disabilities, and multigenerational immigrant families. In March 2020, with increasing concerns about the potential for rapid transmission of COVID-19 among a population with disproportionate rates of comorbidity, poor access to care, and inability to self-isolate, the San Francisco Department of Public Health formed an SRO outbreak response team to identify and contain COVID-19 clusters in this congregate residential setting. Using address-matching geocoding, the team conducted active surveillance to identify new cases and outbreaks of COVID-19 at SROs. An outbreak was defined as 3 separate households in the SRO with a positive test result for COVID-19. From March 2020 through February 2021, the SRO outbreak response team conducted on-site mass testing of all residents at 52 SROs with outbreaks identified through geocoding. The rate of positive COVID-19 tests was significantly higher at SROs with outbreaks than at SROs without outbreaks (12.7% vs 6.4%; P < .001). From March through May 2020, the rate of COVID-19 cases among SRO residents was higher than among residents of other settings (ie, non–SRO residents), before decreasing and remaining at an equal level to non–SRO residents during later periods of 2020. The annual case fatality rate for SRO residents and non–SRO residents was similar (1.8% vs 1.5%). This approach identified outbreaks in a setting at high risk of COVID-19 and facilitated rapid deployment of resources. The geocoding surveillance approach could be used for other diseases and in any setting for which a list of addresses is available.
Rural–Urban Differences in Use of Dental Services and Procedures Among Medicare Beneficiaries in 2018
Authors: Luo Huabin , Moss Mark E. , Basu Rashmita , Grant Ford T.
Published: October 2022

Objective:

Medicare beneficiaries in rural areas may face challenges in access to dental care. This study assessed rural–urban differences in the use of dental services and dental procedures by Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods:

We obtained data from the 2018 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey cost and use files. Outcome variables examined in this study were (1) dental visits (yes/no), whether the Medicare beneficiary had ≥1 dental visit in the past year, and (2) dental procedures—preventive (yes/no), restorative (yes/no), and surgical procedures (yes/no)—whether the beneficiary had the procedure in a dental visit. The independent variable was the beneficiary’s residence (rural vs urban). We used multiple logistic regression to analyze data and accounted for the survey design of the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. The analytic sample included 7377 respondents aged ≥65 years.

Results:

Approximately 57.0% (95% CI, 54.9%-59.0%) and 46.4% (95% CI, 41.6%-51.2%) of Medicare beneficiaries in urban and rural communities in the United States had a dental visit in 2018, respectively. Rural beneficiaries were significantly less likely than their urban counterparts to have preventive procedures (adjusted odds ratio = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36-0.72) but significantly more likely to have restorative procedures (adjusted odds ratio = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05-1.62).

Conclusion:

We found significant disparities in use of dental services by Medicare beneficiaries in rural communities. When Medicare beneficiaries in rural areas used dental care, they were less likely than beneficiaries in urban areas to have preventive procedures but more likely to have restorative procedures, suggesting a greater burden of oral health needs among them. Policy research is needed to identify models that can incentivize prevention and improve access to dental care for Medicare beneficiaries in rural communities.
Frictional rhythms of climate work in city governance
Authors: Reinekoski Tapio , Lahikainen Lauri , Virtanen Mikko J. , Sorsa Teemu , Lehtonen Turo-Kimmo
Published: October 2022

Cities are crucially but problematically positioned to take on the climate crisis. Although local governance seems an appropriate scale for adaptation and mitigation measures, numerous barriers to implementing them effectively have been diagnosed. We argue that a focus on pinpointable barriers neglects the intrinsic organisational dynamics that often impede effective climate action. Drawing on interviews with climate specialists in Finnish municipalities, we engage with local governance practices and study how the interviewees experience and negotiate the complexities of climate work. Using Henri Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis, we find that municipalities treat climate issues as auxiliary concerns and subsume them as separate, precarious projects. The various and conflicting rhythms that constitute the relations of organisational practices leave climate and environmental experts in a contentious state. They must not only endure constant sidelining by the core functions of their organisations but also devise strategies to keep climate issues on the agenda. We suggest that organisational practices are constituted by diverging and often conflictual rhythms. Analysing their expressions in everyday climate work, we show how a composed functioning of municipal organisations serves to persistently defer a change of pace towards achieving ambitious climate goals.
Only Time Will Tell: Unraveling the Temporal Effect of Negative Affective Encounters in Diaspora Tourism
Authors: Li Tingting Elle , Chan Eric T. H.
Published: October 2022

Recently, researchers have begun to investigate the role of negative encounters, emotions and feelings in tourism and leisure activities. However, the temporal effects of negative encounters are still underexplored. This research consists of two studies that were conducted longitudinally. Study one investigated the overall visiting experience of 50 multi-generational Chinese diaspora tourists; study two interviewed 22 former participants who touched on negative experiences in their ancestral hometown eight years ago. Three scenarios of how these tourists re-interpreted negative affective encounters were identified. The findings suggest diaspora tourists’ perceptions of negative encounters transform over time, depending on their life trajectory, earlier experiences, attitudes, further exposures to Chinese culture and values, and the meanings they obtained from their negative encounters. This research is among the first to examine the temporal effects of negative experiences longitudinally, opening up for future considerations of the temporal contingencies of negative encounters in the tourism experience.
Perceptions of thermal comfort and coping mechanisms related to indoor and outdoor temperatures among participants living in rural villages in Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Wright Caradee Y , Wernecke Bianca , Kapwata Thandi , Kunene Zamantimande , Mathee Angela , Vande Hey Joshua , Theron Linda
Published: October 2022

Global heating is considered one of the greatest threats to human health and well-being. Supporting human resilience to heating threats is imperative, but under-investigated. In response, this article reports a study that drew together results from quantitative data on perceptions of thermal comfort and mechanisms for coping with thermal discomfort among 406 households in a study in Giyani, Limpopo province. Indoor dwelling and outdoor temperatures were also analysed. Most participants perceived their dwellings to be too hot when it was hot outdoors. People relied on recommended heat health actions such as sitting outdoors in the shade or opening windows. While this agency is meaningful, resilience to climate change requires more than personal action. In light of the climate threats and climate-related disaster risks facing South Africa, an all-encompassing approach, including education campaigns, climate-proofed housing, access to basic services, and financial considerations that will help support resilient coping among South Africans, is urgently required.
Positive affect as mediator: The socioemotional selectivity theory applied to the association between bonding social capital and wellbeing in later life
Authors: Simons Marianne , Reijnders Jennifer , Janssens Mayke , Lataster Johan , Jacobs Nele
Published: October 2022

Bonding social capital was previously found as more strongly associated with wellbeing in later life than bridging social capital. The present study explored a theoretical explanation found in the socioemotional selectivity theory, by examining whether this association is mediated by the experience of positive affect. According to this theory older adults prefer intimate social relationships that contribute to the experience of positive emotions. A sample of older adults (50–93 years) filled out two online questionnaires, with an interval of 4 weeks, measuring bonding and bridging social capital and positive affect on T1 ( N = 319, Mage(SD) = 61.28(7.65)) and social, emotional and psychological wellbeing on T2 ( N = 202, Mage(SD) = 61.31(7.47)), as well as relevant covariates. Associations were found between bonding social capital and all sub-dimensions of wellbeing. Mediation analysis showed that these associations were (partly) mediated by the experience of positive affect. Bridging social capital was only associated with social wellbeing and no association with the experience of positive affect was found. These findings support the socioemotional selectivity theory and further illustrate the importance of bonding social capital in positive aging as a resource of opportunities to experience positive emotions, contributing to wellbeing in later life. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Sex-dependent differences in the anxiolytic-like effect of cannabidiol in the elevated plus-maze
Authors: Fabris Débora , Carvalho Milene C , Brandão Marcus L , Prado Wiliam A , Zuardi Antônio W , Crippa José A , de Oliveira Amanda R , Lovick Thelma A , Genaro Karina
Published: October 2022

Rationale:

Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychoactive constituent of cannabis, has therapeutic potential for the treatment of anxiety. Most preclinical studies investigate only acute effects of CBD and only in males, yet the drug is most likely to be used over a sustained period in clinical practice.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to investigate the anxiolytic-like effect of CBD in female rats compared to males and to determine whether the responsiveness of females was influenced by the stage of the estrous cycle.

Methods:

We carried out experiments to compare the effect of CBD in male and female rats in the elevated plus maze (EPM) in response to acute and short-term (4 days) administration through a complete cycle in females.

Results:

Male and female rats behaved in a similar manner in the EPM, but females in the late diestrus (LD) phase exhibited more anxiety-like behavior than at other stages, the difference reaching statistical significance compared to proestrus stages. CBD produced anxiolytic-like effects in both sexes, but female rats were responsive only in LD and 10-fold lower dose than males. After sub-chronic (4 days) treatment, responsiveness to CBD was maintained in females in LD, but females in proestrus remained unresponsive to CBD treatment.

Conclusions:

We suggest that there are sex differences in the anxiolytic-like effects of CBD in rats that reflect different underlying mechanisms: based on literature data, gonadal hormone status linked to GABAA receptor expression in females, and 5-HT1A receptor activation in males.
Who is behind the ‘war on woke’: an interview with Ralph Wilson and Isaac Kamola
Authors: Fekete Liz
Published: October 2022

Manufactured, divisive and destructive outrage over supposed ‘woke’ issues has long been building in the UK, fomented by think-tanks, media and politicians. To understand the relationship between culture wars in the US and the UK, the interests that lie behind them, and what can be learnt from US resistances to corporate donor influence, Liz Fekete interviews Ralph Wilson and Isaac Kamola, authors of Free Speech and Koch Money: manufacturing a campus culture war (Pluto Press, 2021). Wilson and Kamola analyse the situation in terms of a plutocratic class’s counter-revolution against progressive gains in labour, civil rights and consumer and environmental protections. Though corporate leaders do not hesitate to make use of figures on the alt-Right and those who promote racial science, the authors argue that culture wars are ultimately related to the need to unchain wealth from any regulatory or other constraints.
The Effect of Early Electric Vehicle Subsidies on the Automobile Market
Authors: Wu Xi , Gong Jing , Greenwood Brad N. , Song Yiping (Amy)
Published: October 2022

Subsidies have become increasingly popular for policy makers to promote the adoption of ecofriendly new technologies. Normally, the costs of these subsidies are nontrivial, underscoring the need to determine their efficacy. This work examines one subsidy used to steer consumers away from outmoded technologies and accelerate the adoption of green technologies: purchase subsidies for electric vehicles (EVs). On the one hand, such subsidies might cannibalize the market for traditional vehicles. On the other hand, such subsidies may result in overall market expansion, with little effect on traditional vehicle purchasing. Leveraging a phased subsidy rollout aimed at the early-stage EV market in China and a difference-in-differences approach, the authors find that subsidies strongly encourage EV purchasing but have little effect on traditional vehicle purchasing. This suggests that market expansion may result from the subsidy during the EV emergence and undermines the expected cannibalization on the traditional market. Further, the expansion effect is larger in cities with more severe air pollution. Finally, results reveal some level of cannibalization in cities of higher income and educational attainment. This suggests that although subsidies have yet to yield the intended cannibalization for the market overall, it is beginning to manifest in some parts of the market.
Access to Support Services for Newcomer Youth Through the Process of School Integration: A Critical Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Kalchos Linnea F. , Kassan Anusha , Ford Laurie
Published: October 2022

While the numbers of newcomer youth continue to grow in Canada, few studies have sought to critically capture experiences of school integration and access to school-based psychosocial support services during their transition. Guided by a critical social justice lens, this research seeks to investigate issues of inequity due to the marginalization of newcomer youth in schools. The intent of this critical narrative review is to summarize, interpret, critique, and synthesize what is currently known about the ways newcomer youth access and experience school-based psychosocial support services (S-BPSS) throughout the process of school integration. This paper presents the critical narrative literature review process, a discussion of the themes that emerged from the review, and a discussion of the literature within the context of school integration. The following themes that underscore the experiences of newcomer youth accessing school-based psychosocial support services were identified: (a) underutilization/discrimination, (b) culture shift, (c) transition planning, and (d) lived experience. Important directions for future research, including the importance of studies that prioritize the perspectives of newcomer youth themselves and the implications of their lived experience for S-BPSS are provided.
Identifying Utility-Maximizing and Equilibrium Coalitions of Political Parties in Government Formation Processes Using a Visualization Approach
Authors: Graichen Robin , Lodha Suresh , Bhatia Manav , Heller Udo , Linhart Eric
Published: October 2022

As the formation of government coalitions between two or more political parties is a typical procedure in multiparty systems after elections and the parties’ decision on what coalition to form heavily influences policy outcomes, electorates, academics, and other stakeholders like journalists or party officials increasingly need digital tools that can determine the parties’ most preferred coalitions. This article presents a novel visualization tool for identifying utility-maximizing choices and equilibrium coalitions to provide users with rapid analyzing capabilities revealing parties’ most preferred coalitions in the aftermath of parliamentary elections. We demonstrate our tool’s analytical leverage taking the 2017 German federal elections as in-depth example. Our tool is available online at www.mytuc.org/mcbz .
Customer Value Creation—A Case Study of Indian Health Insurance Industry from Value Net Perspective
Authors: Nayak Bishwajit , Bhattacharyya Som Sekhar , Krishnamoorthy Bala
Published: October 2022

In the current era of digital business ecosystem, firms have been looking for fresh perspectives to frame its business strategies and create value for customers. Competitive advantage can be generated only when the value created by a firm for its customers exceeds the cost of creating such value. Creating value for customers in health insurance has been a strategic priority for insurance firms. Indian health insurance firms are competing in the area of launching new products which are technology driven and are striving to provide more value to the society through their services. This study explored the value creation process in the health insurance industry. Using case study research with health insurance industry as unit of analysis, this study explored the interactions between stakeholders within the boundaries of the health insurance ecosystem. The role of the stakeholders was explicated using the value net framework which categorised them into customers, competitors/substitutes and suppliers. A value creation framework based on stakeholder collaboration was proposed for the health insurance industry which would further enhance the competitive advantage of health insurance firms in India.
Hepatitis C virus monitoring in inpatient psychiatry: Doctors’ practice
Authors: Cubin Matthew , Luscombe Georgina M , Mammadova Gulnara , Smith Katherine , Hickie Catherine
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Current guidelines recommend routine Hepatitis C virus (HCV) monitoring in people with serious mental illness. We sought to determine the rates at which doctors practising in inpatient psychiatry units monitor the HCV exposure risk and HCV infection status of their patients.

Methods

Electronic medical records (EMRs) of 50 short stay and 50 long stay mental health inpatients of a regional NSW hospital were retrospectively audited to determine the rates at which doctors screened for HCV and associated risk factors. Chi-squared analysis and Fisher’s exact test were performed to compare the two groups.

Results

Screening rates for HCV-associated risk factors varied according to the specific risk factor explored (prior incarceration 61%; intravenous drug use 55%; and tattoos/piercings 6%). Of 30 patients identified as having at least one HCV-associated risk factor, only 27% ( n = 8) were tested for HCV during their admission, and the likelihood of testing was significantly higher in the long stay group. HCV infection status was documented for only one-third (34%) of patients.

Conclusions

There is significant scope for improvement in assessing HCV status and exposure risk in this setting. Improved awareness among mental health professionals as to the higher incidence of HCV in this population could elicit more widespread monitoring.
Self-Employment and Eudaimonic Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Problem- and Emotion-Focused Coping
Authors: Nikolaev Boris N. , Lerman Michael P. , Boudreaux Christopher J. , Mueller Brandon A.
Published: October 2022

An emerging body of research has documented that self-employed people are more likely to report higher levels of eudaimonic well-being (EWB; e.g., autonomy, competence, meaning) than their employed counterparts. In this paper, we examine why the self-employed perceive their lives as psychologically more fulfilling even though they face more complex and competing occupational demands that can expose them to more stressors. Specifically, we hypothesize that the self-employed are more likely to engage in problem-focused coping—productive and proactive behaviors and thoughts aimed to help them overcome challenges (e.g., planning and active coping)—and less likely to engage in emotion-focused coping—behaviors and thoughts to merely make them feel better (e.g., venting and denial)—which, in turn, can promote higher levels of EWB. Using data from Waves 2 and 3 of the National Study of Midlife in Development in the United States, we find supportive evidence for our theory. More importantly, we show that the well-being benefits from self-employment accrue almost entirely because the self-employed are more likely to use problem-focused coping as opposed to emotion-focused coping. In a series of robustness tests, including random-effects models, matching estimators, and twin and sibling fixed-effects, we further demonstrate the relevance of coping as a key explanatory mechanism in the relationship between self-employment and EWB.
Alveolar Repair Using Cancellous Bone and Beta Tricalcium Phosphate Seeded With Adipose-Derived Stem Cell
Authors: Putri Indri Lakhsmi , Fatchiyah  , Pramono Coen , Bachtiar Indra , Latief Fourier Dzar Eljabbar , Utomo Budi , Rachman Arif , Soesilawati Pratiwi , Hakim Lukman , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Perdanakusuma David Sontani
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been subject of several studies due to their abundance, ease of preparation, and application in bone regeneration. We aim to compare effectiveness of alveolar reconstruction utilizing human cancellous freeze-dried graft (HCG) and beta tricalcium phosphate (BTP), both seeded with human ADSC (hADSC) and autologous bone graft (ABG).

Material and Methods

A 5 × 5 mm alveolar defect in 36 male Wistar rats were treated using: ABG (C), HCG–hADSC (H1), and BTP–hADSC (H2). At 1 and 8 weeks after surgery, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osterix (OSX), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2; g/mL) were quantified using immunohistochemistry, while bone tissue volume (BV, mm3), bone tissue volume fraction (BF, percentage), and trabecular thickness of bone (TT, mm) were assessed using micro-computed tomography (CT).

Results

One week after surgery, H2 was higher in RUNX2, OSX, ALP, and BMP2 than C ( P < .05). Only RUNX2 and OSX were found to be higher in H1 than C, while ALP and BMP2 were higher in H2 than H1. Micro-CT revealed that H2 had a higher TT than C and C had a higher TT than H1 ( P < .05). Eight weeks after surgery, both H2 and H1 was higher in RUNX2, OSX, ALP, and BMP2 than C ( P < .05). RUNX2 and BMP2 were found to be higher in H1 than H2. Micro-CT revealed that H2 had higher BV and TT than C and H1 ( P < .05).

Conclusions

Exogenous hADSC strengthened the effectiveness of HCG and BTP to accelerate osteogenesis, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction. The latter was the most successful in bone formation, followed by HCG and ABG.
Autoethnography as Practice and Process: Toward an Honest Appraisal?
Authors: Badley Graham Francis
Published: October 2022

In this article, I attempt a contribution to “honest conversations” about the writing practices and processes of autoethnographers. My attempt may or may not be useful to those who judge their own autoethnographic writing as messy or even embarrassing.
Investigation of the frequency of bortezomib neuropathy in patients with multiple myeloma diagnosis with normal and abnormal genetic characteristics
Authors: Kul Ayse N , Ipek Yildiz
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with multiple myeloma is an undesirable and sometimes severe side effect. Our study aimed to examine whether there was a difference in bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy between multiple myeloma patients with normal and abnormal genetic characteristics.

Methods

This retrospective analysis is based on the assessment of bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy frequency in newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma patients with normal ( n = 68) and abnormal ( n = 45) genetic profiles. A total of 113 patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma according to the International Myeloma Working Group criteria, between 2016 and 2021, were included in this study.

Results

Neuropathy was detected in 42 (37.1%) patients. The most common genetic anomalies were 13q del (in 28.9%), t(4.14) (in 22.2%), and trisomy 7 (in 20.0%). When patients with and without bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy were compared, the only significant differences were observed for age ( p = 0.032) and genetic grouping ( p = 0.001); whereas other characteristics that could be associated with bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy were similarly distributed in both groups. Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy was significantly more frequent in multiple myeloma patients with normal genetic characteristics ( p = 0.001).

Conclusion

As a result of our study, it was observed that the frequency of bortezomib neuropathy was significantly higher in patients with normal genetic features compared to those with abnormal genetic features. This result suggested that factors other than genetic factors should be investigated to clarify the etiology of bortezomib-associated neuropathy in patients with multiple myeloma.
Can We Expand the Pool of Youth Who Receive Telehealth Assessments for ADHD? Covariates of Service Utilization
Authors: Pritchard Alison E. , Northrup Rachel A. , Peterson Rachel , Lieb Rebecca , Wexler Danielle , Ng Rowena , Kalb Luke , Ludwig Natasha , Jacobson Lisa A.
Published: October 2022

Background:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth became widely utilized for healthcare, including psychological evaluations. However, whether telehealth has reduced or exacerbated healthcare disparities for children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) remains unclear.

Methods:

Data (race, ethnicity, age, insurance type, ADHD presentation, comorbidities, and distance to clinic) for youth with ADHD ( Mage = 10.97, SDage = 3.42; 63.71% male; 51.62% White) were extracted from the medical record at an urban academic medical center. Three naturally occurring groups were compared: those evaluated in person prior to COVID-19 ( n =780), in person during COVID-19 ( n = 839), and via telehealth during COVID-19 ( n = 638).

Results:

Children seen via telehealth were significantly more likely to be older, White, have fewer comorbid conditions, and live farther from the clinic than those seen in person.

Conclusions:

The current study suggests that telehealth has not eliminated barriers to care for disadvantaged populations. Providers and institutions must take action to encourage telehealth use among these groups.
A proposed new taxonomy of cognitive phenotypes in multiple sclerosis: The International Classification of Cognitive Disorders in MS (IC-CoDiMS)
Authors: Hancock Laura M , Galioto Rachel , Samsonov Alexey , Busch Robyn M , Hermann Bruce , Matias-Guiu Jordi A
Published: October 2022

Background:

Characterization of cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis into distinct phenotypes holds promise for individualized treatments and biomarker exploration.

Objective:

Apply a previously validated, neuropsychologically driven diagnostic algorithm to identify a taxonomy of the type of cognitive phenotypes in multiple sclerosis.

Methods:

An algorithm developed and validated in other neurological diseases was applied to a cohort of 1281 people with multiple sclerosis who underwent clinical neuropsychological evaluation across three multiple sclerosis centers. A domain was marked impaired if scores on two tests within the domain fell below one of the two thresholds of interest (compared to controls; −1.0 SD and −1.5 SD below the mean). Results were then tabulated for each participant to determine the type of impairments across the sample.

Results:

At −1 SD threshold, 48.7% were intact, 21.6% had single-domain, 14.3% bi-domain, and 15.4% multi-domain impairment. At −1.5 SD threshold, 72.9% were intact, 14.0% had single-domain, 8.2% bi-domain, and 5.0% multi-domain impairment. Processing speed was the most frequent single-domain impairment, followed by executive function and memory.

Conclusions:

These findings advance the taxonomy of cognitive phenotypes in multiple sclerosis and clarify the type and distribution of possible cognitive diagnoses, pave the way for further investigation of associated biomarkers, and provide clinically meaningful information to guide individualized treatment and rehabilitation.
Research on the flexural behavior of a novel inter-module connection with a bolt and shear key fitting for modular steel buildings
Authors: Chen Hong-Lei , Cao Ke , Chen Chen , Li Guo-Qiang
Published: October 2022

Modular steel buildings (MSBs) can meet the needs of building industrialization and have been developed in many countries. The inter-module connection is crucial to the overall performance of MSBs. An inter-module connection with bolt and shear key fitting was proposed in this paper, which is convenient for the on-site erection of the steel modules. The flexural performance of the connection was studied. Static tests were carried out to study the contribution of the key load-bearing components to the flexural performance of the novel connection. A finite element model was then proposed and verified, by which a parametric analysis to study the effects of the key components was conducted. It is found that the parameters significantly affecting the flexural performance of the connection include the diameter of the bolt and the thickness of the bottom plate. The results also showed that the contribution of the shear key to the flexural performance of the connection could be ignored. The flexural performance of multi-module connection was studied, and the results revealed that the multi-module connection can be designed as multiple two-module connections. Formulas for calculating the flexural capacity and rotational stiffness of the connection were finally proposed and verified.
Extraction without reserve: The case of Arizona's penal care regime
Authors: Strong Justin D
Published: October 2022

Prison healthcare reform and litigation have emerged as critical sites of social and political struggle in early twenty-first century punishment. In the case of Arizona, privatization of its prison healthcare system maintained commitments to cheap and mean punishment in the wake of economic crisis, which led to an ongoing class-action lawsuit over prisoners’ rights violations. By conducting a case study of Arizona's prison healthcare crisis, this article mobilizes important interventions in the theoretical accounts of late mass incarceration and the penal state. Not only did Arizona's brand of penal austerity anticipate the scaling back of social services across the state, but effectively subjected prisoners to a perpetual deferment of care. Drawing upon this sociopolitical context, I elaborate a theory of penal extraction whereby care capacity is not only removed from the prison, but the prisoner's life becomes like an exhaustible resource.
Finding creative drivers of advertising effectiveness with modern data analysis
Authors: Williams John , Hartnett Nicole , Trinh Giang
Published: October 2022

The Modern Data Analysis paradigm (Williams, 2021) advocates using multiple methods to address the same research question, which is rarely done in studies of advertising creative effects. In this paper, we apply the MDA paradigm to data from Hartnett, Kennedy, et al. (2016), which coded 158 creative variables for 312 television advertisements with commercially validated short-term sales effectiveness outcomes. We found that many models give higher classification accuracy than the ordinal regression model previously applied, some significantly higher. Importantly, by applying many alternative but equally plausible analytical methods, we can identify creative variables associated with commercial success and have evidence-based confidence that these creative variables are artefacts of the data, and not artefacts of any particular analytical method and its associated assumptions. The findings reveal several alternative creative variables that are consistently associated with sales success across methods, which relate to the timing aspects of visual branding.
Comparing Readability Measures and Computer‐assisted Question Evaluation Tools for Self‐administered Survey Questions
Authors: Stenger Rachel , Olson Kristen , Smyth Jolene D.
Published: October 2022

Questionnaire designers use readability measures to ensure that questions can be understood by the target population. The most common measure is the Flesch-Kincaid Grade level, but other formulas exist. This article compares six different readability measures across 150 questions in a self-administered questionnaire, finding notable variation in calculated readability across measures. Some question formats, including those that are part of a battery, require important decisions that have large effects on the estimated readability of survey items. Other question evaluation tools, such as the Question Understanding Aid (QUAID) and the Survey Quality Predictor (SQP), may identify similar problems in questions, making readability measures less useful. We find little overlap between QUAID, SQP, and the readability measures, and little differentiation in the tools’ prediction of item nonresponse rates. Questionnaire designers are encouraged to use multiple question evaluation tools and develop readability measures specifically for survey questions.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Changes in Perspective: A Transformative Learning Experience During Teaching Practice in Remote Areas
Authors: Sari Lufi Kartika , De Backer Free , Joson Alexis Nouelle , Lombaerts Koen
Published: October 2022

Experiencing unfamiliar environments tends to foster transformative learning. However, limited studies investigate how experiencing contrasting localities fosters transformative learning, such as teaching practice in remote areas by pre-service teachers who are from elsewhere. This study focuses on revealing pre-service teachers’ transformative learning experiences during their teaching practice by investigating the changes associated with their teaching practice and how these changes occur. Using semi-structured interviews, we questioned forty-one pre-service primary teachers about their 1-year teaching experiences in remote areas of Indonesia. The findings show that pre-service teachers undergo changes in perspective, which indicate a transformative learning outcome. Three elements of the transformative learning process—disorientation, exploring new roles, and reflection—are also identified in the data. These three elements of the transformative learning process influence pre-service teachers’ perspectives. This implies that teaching practice in remote areas stimulates pre-service teachers to experience transformative learning.
Spatial dimensions within hierarchy of influences: How re-conceived notions of space in networked societies impact Latin American journalists
Authors: Higgins Joyce Vanessa de Macedo , Harlow Summer , Schmitz Weiss Amy , Alves Rosental Calmon
Published: October 2022

Local, national, regional and global networks of power intersect in this digital era, raising questions of how re-conceived notions of space in networked societies impact journalism. This study surveyed journalists ( n = 1094) from 20 Latin American countries to explore how spatial dimensions are influencing how journalists’ roles are perceived in the region, within the hierarchy of influences model. It identified the disseminator/informational role – a role traditionally less common among journalists in Latin America – as most impacted by the spatial shifts at the organizational level (geographic scope), social-institutional level (geo-cultural regions) and social systems level (social network structures). As journalists’ work becomes connected with extra-national networks, their perceptions of roles shift, with relevant consequences for journalistic practices.
Healthcare resource consumption prior to asthma-related death: a nationwide descriptive study
Authors: Guilleminault Laurent , Mounié Michael , Sommet Agnès , Camus Claire , Didier Alain , Reber Laurent L. , Costa Nadège , Conte Cécile
Published: October 2022

Background:

Although asthma mortality declined sharply until the mid-2000s, a stagnation in mortality has been observed over the past decade in different countries.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to describe healthcare resource consumption for patients who died from asthma in France.

Method:

This study was conducted using data from the French National Health Data System. Patients who died from asthma between 2013 and 2017 were identified by the ICD10 codes J45 and J46. Health care consumption data were collected. Patients were categorized into four categories according to age: ⩾75, (18–75), (12–18), (0–12). Daily doses of ICS were categorized according to GINA guidelines.

Results:

A total of 3829 patients were included. No ICS or an inadequate ICS dose was observed in 43.8%, 50.6%, 48.1%, and 54.0% of patients aged ⩾75, (18–74), (12–18), and (0–12) years, respectively. Dispensation of six or more SABA canisters was observed in 37.2%, 49.0%, and 70.3% of patients aged of ⩾75, (18–75), and (12–18) years, respectively. Omalizumab dispensation rate was very low [1.1% and 2.8% in patients aged ⩾75 and (18–75) years)]. The proportion of patients with a pulmonologist office visit was 13.8% and 14.6% in patients ⩾75 and (18–75) years, respectively. A lung function test was noted in only 18.6%, 28.3%, and 25.9% of patients ⩾75, (18–75) and (12–18) years, respectively.

Conclusion:

Half of the patients who died from asthma received inadequate ICS doses and only a small proportion had access to biological therapies. Less than 15% were referred to a specialist.
Histologic transformation in lung cancer: when one door shuts, another opens
Authors: Sato Yuki , Saito Go , Fujimoto Daichi
Published: October 2022

Histologic transformation (HT) is a major cause of drug resistance to therapy in patients with lung cancer. HTs to small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) have been reported frequently in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR)-mutated lung cancer. Although HTs have an impact on the clinical outcomes in patients owing to a high refractoriness to treatments, there is limited data on the prevalence, causes, mechanisms, treatment efficacy, and future treatment strategies. In this review, we assess the literature regarding HTs comprehensively, including those describing EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, other molecular targeted drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms of HTs and the lineage plasticity to SCLC and squamous cell carcinoma in lung cancer. In addition, we summarize the treatment efficacy and future perspectives of HTs in patients with lung cancer, and propose better management strategies for this group of patients.
Elevating the customer shopping experience Through digital technologies: How Wegmans Food Markets became a destination
Authors: Manko Barbara
Published: October 2022

Wegmans Food Markets have been in the Northeastern United States since 1916 and have grown into a large chain with $11.2 billion in annual sales, a reputation among consumer as “America’s favorite grocery store,” and a business model that keeps them highly competitive in the market. While the stores have the feel of a European open-air market, Wegmans is using cutting-edge technology and modern philosophies to remain relevant and expand. This article discusses the history of Wegmans and how they are employing technology to benefit customers and their bottom line.
Role of Circular Economy, Industry 4.0 and Supply Chain Management for Tribal Economy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aggarwal Priyanka , Manaswi Kumar
Published: October 2022

The linkage of Circular Economy (CE) with Industry 4.0 (Ind 4.0) can help in tapping the hidden creativity and innovation in Supply Chain Management (SCM) through an intersection of the natural and digital world. The authors have attempted to establish a connection between CE, Ind 4.0 and SCM in context of tribal economy. In this paper a systematic literature review (SLR) of 47 research articles using the PRISMA protocol and VOSviewer Software has been done. The SLR is based on peer-reviewed articles which were extracted from the Web of Science Database between 2015 and 2022. The VOSviewer software helped the authors in identifying three key themes: (i) Integration/Interoperability between Ind 4.0, Circular Economy Model and Supply Chain Management to achieve Sustainability; (ii) Challenges & Emerging Opportunities for Tribal economy and (iii) Relationship between Ind 4.0, Supply Chain Management & Circular Economy. Furthermore, the paper proposes a conceptual framework in the form of ‘Barriers, Mitigation Strategies & Opportunities’ associated with the integration of CE and Ind 4.0. This study would help in acknowledging the role of integrated systems (CE, Ind 4.0 and SCM) which may help in improving the current tribal working culture.
Effect of Joint Infection After Arthroscopic Single-Bundle ACL Reconstruction With Autologous Hamstring Tendon: A Retrospective Matched MRI Study
Authors: Chen Nayun , Wang Cheng , Li Dai , Jiang Yanfang , Ao Yingfang
Published: October 2022

Background:

Joint infection after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a rare but serious complication.

Purpose:

To assess the effect of joint infection on the graft, cartilage, and bone tunnel using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with autologous hamstring tendons.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This retrospective matched cohort study included 26 patients who underwent arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon graft at the authors’ institute between January 2002 and December 2017 and developed postoperative joint infection. These patients were matched 1:3 to patients who did not sustain joint infection after ACL reconstruction (control group). MRI scans were collected at the time of follow-up. The following parameters were evaluated: graft signal-to-noise quotient (SNQ); graft signal intensity at the bone-graft interface and within the knee joint; bone tunnel enlargement at the tunnel aperture, midsection, and exit of the tibial and femoral tunnels; and cartilage integrity.

Results:

The average follow-up time was 47.8 months in the infection group and 48.5 months in the control group. Compared with the control group, the infection group had a significantly higher SNQ (20.01 ± 12.08 vs 7.61 ± 6.70; P = .014) as well as a higher signal intensity at the bone-graft interface ( P = .037) and higher Howell grade ( P = .031). The mean enlargement at the femoral tunnel aperture was 31.20% ± 26.76% in the infection group and 19.22% ± 20.10% in the control group ( P = .037). The articular cartilage of the patellofemoral and lateral femorotibial joints showed more degenerative change in the infection group.

Conclusion:

Study findings indicated that graft ligamentization and incorporation graft maturity were inferior in patients who experienced a joint infection after ACL reconstruction compared with patients who did not.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of Combined Therapy in West Syndrome associated with Trisomy 21
Authors: Souza Luciana de Paula , Bermudez Beatriz Bagatin , Bufara Danielle Caldas , Crippa Ana Chrystina de Souza
Published: October 2022

Background: West syndrome (WS) is a frequent epileptic encephalopathy associated with Down syndrome (DS). This study evaluated an outpatient protocol for WS in patients with DS who received vigabatrin (VGB) or VGB plus adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Methods: We analyzed infants treated in two neuropediatric centers from 2001–2021. We reviewed perinatal and familial history of epilepsy, spasm onset, treatment lag, electroencephalogram, neuroimaging, progression to epilepsy, and other neurological conditions. The outcomes were electroclinical resolution (ECR), relapses, and epilepsy progression. Results: Nineteen infants were included; 57.8% were male. The average spasm onset, follow-up, and treatment lag were 6.4 months, 8.15 years, and 2.33 months, respectively. Almost 74% had ECR after protocol intervention and minor epilepsy progression. Relapses occurred during combined therapy. Conclusions: The treatment protocol, especially combined therapy, was effective for WS in DS, impacting epilepsy progression and indicating the effectiveness of combined therapy to treat WS in patients with trisomy 21.