bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN MODUL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB DI MTS DDI SEPPANGE
Authors: Nursaid St. Jumaeda
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara
sistem pembelajaran modul dengan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini
merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, artinya semua gejala diukur
menggunakan besaran kuantitatis yang kemudian digeneralisasikan atau
simpulan ditarik dari interpretasi terhadap angka-angka yang dihasilkan
oleh perhitungan statistik maupun matematik. Instrumen yang digunakan
dalam penelitian ini adalah Instrumen angket dan tes hasil belajar Bahasa
Arab siswa di MTs DDI seppange. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah
seluruh Siswa Kelas MTs DDI Seppange tahun akademik 2016/2017.
Dalam pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik acak
sederhana (simple random sampling). Sampel penelitian sebanyak 70
siswa.Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa ada
hubungan penerapan sistem pembelajaran Modul dengan hasil belajar
siswa pada MTs DDI seppange. Hubungan tersebut berdasarkan
interpretasi terhadap nilai r
menunjukan hubungan penerapan system
pembelajaran modul sangat kuat terhadap hasil belajar siswa. karena nilai
r
hitung
hitung
= 0,996, maka hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan penerapan
sistem pembelajaran modul sangat tinggi terhadap hasil belajar siswa
Pituitary adenoma. Clinical case
Authors: Boldyreva Yu. V. , Lebedev I. A. , Sobinov R. A. , Gavrilenko E. A. , Vakulenko Yu. A.
Published: April 2024

The article describes a clinical case of pituitary adenoma. It is known, that a pituitary adenoma is a benign tumor formation emanating from the glandular tissue of the anterior pituitary gland. Its growth is accompanied by endocrine, neurological and neuro-ophthalmological complications, which is a serious problem in modern neurosurgery due to the involvement of the most important anatomical structures in the pathological process and makes radical tumor resection difficult with a minimum number of complications.
International Students’ Intercultural Interaction with Canadian Domestic Students: Observations from Literature Review
Authors: Oliso Zelalem
Published: April 2024

The main purpose of this review was to intensively review literature about to international students’ intercultural interaction with Canadian domestic students. More specifically, the review intends to (1) examine the status of international students’ intercultural interaction with domestic students at Canadian post-secondary schools. (2) identify the major challenges that limit the intercultural interaction between international and Canadian domestic students. To this end, various research documents, such as published and unpublished government documents, peer- reviewed articles, PhD dissertations, and empirical studies were consulted. In this review, studies conducted in other most popular study destinations for international students were also thoroughly reviewed to provide additional insight. The findings of this review indicate that at Canadian post-secondary institutions, the intercultural interactions between international and domestic students are few. The review findings further uncovered that English language proficiency and culture qualify as the main challenges for international students to make intercultural interactions with their domestic counterparts. Based on these findings, conclusions and implications were forwarded to hosting countries and institutions.
ASSESSING NURSING STUDENTS’ BLOOD AND INJURY PHOBIA
Authors: Balcı Hatice , Faydalı Saide
Published: April 2024

In this study, nursing students' blood and injury phobia and the conditions affecting it were evaluated. This descriptive study was conducted with 289 nursing students between September and December 2020. Data were collected using a prepared questionnaire and the Multidimensional Blood/Injury Phobia Inventory. Number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, quartiles, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to evaluate the data. The mean score of students in the Multidimensional Blood/Injury Phobia Inventory was 56 ± 19.03, having a low level of blood injury phobia. In the total Multidimensional Blood/Injury Phobia Inventory, a significant difference (p
EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON EXERCISE, NUTRITIONAL BEHAVIORS AND PERCEIVED STRESS STATUS OF ADULTS
Authors: Aksoy Kendilci Esma , Kendilci Kenan , Kılıç Fatma , Taşdemir Şeyma Şehadet
Published: April 2024

The aim of this descriptive study is to evaluate how the Covİd-19 pandemic has affected exercise, nutritional behaviors, and level of perceived stress in adults. 1037 people, 354 men and 683 women living in different regions in Turkey were reached. Quota sampling method was used. A questionnaire covering changes in socio-demographic information, dietary behaviors, and exercise status was used. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used. Data were collected by using the online survey method. The proportion of those who didn’t exercise regularly during the quarantine period increased at a statistically significant level. The majority of the participants expressed that they made changes in their nutritional behaviors to protect themselves against the coronavirus. 48.7% of them stated that their desire to eat intensified during the quarantine period due to boredom and stress. Perceived Stress Scale mean score was higher in female participants compared to their male counterparts and this difference was statistically significant. If we as a society learn ways to cope with stress, we can prevent malnutrition behaviors that may occur due to changing emotional states. By providing information on special nutrition recommendations and home exercise practices in pandemics such as Covid-19; Energy intake can be balanced and people can be healthier.
Self-Awareness in Natural and Artificial Intelligent Systems: a Unified Information-Based Approach
Authors: Dolgikh Serge
Published: April 2024

Self-awareness is a subject that intrigued the research community and is an object of extensive experimental research. Multiple studies and experiments probed different aspects, functions and demonstrations of self-awareness in animals and humans. From these results, several intriguing questions arose: is self-awareness a general phenomenon based on some common laws and principles of organization and processing information; or do they emerge sporadically in a mostly random process? Are different manifestations of self-awareness demonstrated in multiple experiments interrelated on some common basis, or unrelated and standalone? In this work, we set out to approach these questions on the basis of the perspective of organization and processing of the information about the sensory environment of an intelligent system, external and internal. We conjecture that a possible basis for understanding the development and evolution of self-awareness can be the theory of complex coordinated intelligent responses that require a coordination of multiple “atomic” actions to achieve the most effective, beneficial outcome for the intelligent system. In this approach, self-awareness can emerge naturally as an information model of the sensory environments that facilitates the production of effective responses via fitness selection. We consider different types and levels of self-awareness demonstrated in studies and experiments and discuss how it can be connected with the organization and functions of the information model of the environment involved in the formation of intelligent decisions. The information approach to self-awareness is used to discuss possible directions of evolution of the information models in the natural and artificial intelligent systems
Risk Factors of Malaria Transmission Dynamics Among Sand Mining Workers in the Kombos West Coast Region, The Gambia
Authors: Jassey Babucarr , Yudhastuti Ririh , Diyanah Khuliyah Candraning , Hourunisa Hourunisa , Ridha Muhammad Rasyid , Indrayani Reny , Musfirah Musfirah , Sejati Eka Nur , Manjang Buba
Published: April 2024

Background: Malaria eradication by 2030 is the UN's third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). However, malaria still poses a severe threat to public health, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, which includes The Gambia. The present study explores the factors that impact malaria transmission among artisanal small-scale miners (ASSM) in three districts in the West Coast Region of The Gambia: Kombo East, Kombo Central, and Kombo South. Methods: The researchers carried out a cross-sectional study using one hundred participants from the study area. Using a logistic regression model, the researchers looked at risk variables linked to malaria incidence in the Kombos. Results: Age (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR) = 7.989 with 95% Confidence Interval (CI 1.724–37.002) and the existence of mosquito breeding places (APR = 7.685 with 95% Confidence Interval (CI 1.502–39.309) were shown to be risk variables for malaria in the multivariable analysis. On the other hand, protective factors included higher education level (APR = 0.104 with 95% CI 0.027-0.403), using insect repellents (APR = 0.138 with 95% CI 0.035-0.549), and the state of inside home walls (APR = 0.145 with 95% CI 0.0414-0.511). Conclusions: According to this study's findings, the Gambia's malaria risk variables include age and the presence of mosquito breeding grounds. In addition, having greater knowledge, using insect repellents, and having well-maintained interior walls are all protective factors against malaria. In order to eradicate malaria in Gambia's mining regions, it is strongly advised to decrease risk factors and increase prevention measures through effective communication, information, and education.
The Effect of Prenatal Yoga on Emesis Gravidarum in the First Trimester Pregnant Women
Authors: Ambar Wati Sri Mahmut , Keswara Nila Widya , Maulina Rifzul
Published: April 2024

Background: Increased levels of progesterone, estrogen, and HCG (chorionic gonadotropin hormone) during the first trimester of pregnancy can produce morning sickness, also known as emesis gravidarum (nausea and vomiting). To lessen the release of hormones that induce anxiety, severe nausea, and vomiting, prenatal yoga practitioners can block the stimulation of sympathetic nerves by practicing muscle relaxation. This study aims to ascertain how prenatal yoga affects first-trimester emesis gravidarum. Method: This study used a pre-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design in one group, involving 16 mothers who had emesis gravidarum at PMB Fatimah Bandung Rejosari, Sukun, Malang. Data collection was done using the questionnaire. Results: The result was that two prenatal yoga sessions over two weeks demonstrated significant benefits. Prenatal yoga affects emesis gravidarum in the first trimester of pregnancy, as indicated by the independent t-test technique (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.005. Discussion: Steroid hormones can slow down stomach emptying, which causes emesis gravidarum. Excessive or low cortisol levels can be brought back to normal with yoga. Yoga offers numerous mental and physical health advantages. Conclusion We can conclude that the course of treatment impacts the severity of emesis gravidarum, or nausea and vomiting, during the first trimester of pregnancy.
The dissolution of olivine added to soil at 32°C: the fate of weathering products and its implications for enhanced weathering at different temperatures
Authors: Iff Nicholas , Renforth Phil , Pogge von Strandmann Philip A. E.
Published: April 2024

The amendment of agricultural soils by crushed silicate minerals has been proposed to enhance weathering rates and facilitate carbon dioxide (CO2) removal from the atmosphere. Laboratory dissolution experiments typically provide weathering rates that are significantly higher than those observed under natural conditions, while field studies are limited in the nature of data they can collect. This study uses an experimental setup that aims to emulate natural field conditions in a controlled setting using soil cores retrieved from UK cropland amended with crushed olivine at 32°C. Results are compared to enhanced weathering experiments run at 4°C and 19°C under otherwise identical conditions. The data reveal temperature-dependent variations in the behaviour of different elements, most importantly Mg and Si, with silicon being retained at moderate temperatures and magnesium being retained at higher temperatures. These patterns are most likely due to different retention mechanisms, notably Si reprecipitation (e.g. as cation-depleted Si-enriched mineral surface coatings) and cation exchange (affecting Mg, but to a lesser degree Si), such that the influence of cation exchange should be accounted for when interpreting enhanced weathering field data. We therefore recommend that estimates of carbon sequestration should not be based on the behaviour of individual elements. A temperature effect on the weathering rate of olivine added to soil columns is observed with the weathering rate being higher at 32°C than at 19°C and 4°C, and significantly lower than laboratory experiment-derived weathering rates. This further emphasises the need for enhanced weathering field trials, as simple laboratory-derived rates cannot be used to assess the feasibility of enhanced weathering measures. The carbon dioxide capture potential at 32°C is conservatively estimated at ~115 t CO2 km-2 yr-1 assuming an olivine amendment rate of 12.7 kg m-2. Our data suggests that soil accumulation of heavy metals like Cu and Cr at high temperatures (hence high weathering rates) is non-dangerous, however, Ni concentrations in the effluent solution are close to EU guidelines while Cr and Cu are considerably lower than guidelines. All of these conclusions have implications for the application of enhanced weathering for carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere.
Study on overburden failure characteristics and displacement rule under the influence of deep faults
Authors: Zhang Pei-Ding , Wu Yong-Jiang , Cao Zheng-Zheng , Li Zhen-Hua , Du Feng , Wang Wen-Qiang , Zhai Ming-Lei
Published: April 2024

Deep faults significantly impact the structural stabilities and deformation behaviors of their overburden rocks, which are key factors in underground engineering and geological hazard research. Considering the problem of deep-fault-overburdened breaking during mining of super-thick coal seams and taking the Yaoqiao Coal Mine as the research object, the mining fracture evolution characteristics and overburden displacement law of the non-structured and fault-bearing overburden corresponding to fully mechanized caving mining are compared and analyzed using numerical simulations and physical similarity simulations. The results of this study show the following: 1) The fracture height of the overlying rock presents a specific change law with advancement of the working face; the initial rapid increase to a maximum height of 74 m is achieved when the working face advances to 90 m; with the development of the plastic zone indicating past yield, the fracture height decreases to 54 m and becomes stable, and the final caving angle of the fracture stabilizes at 70°. 2) In coal mining under normal fault conditions, when the working face advances from the upper to lower walls, the roof forms a masonry beam structure that slows down fault activation and crack development. When moving away from the fault, the overburden movements and water-conducting cracks are fewer, and the crack height is lower than that without faults. When approaching the fault, the influence of the faults in the fracture zone increases, and the height of fracture development reaches the maximum value after crossing the fault, highlighting the significant influence of the fault on fracture development. 3) Through a similarity simulation test, it is shown that the overburden caving zone is further compacted by the overburden rock and that the roof collapses in a large range, resulting in rapid upward development of the overburden rock cracks and separation of the central overburden rock cracks that are gradually compacted and closed. These findings are expected to have important theoretical and practical significance for deep underground engineering design, geological disaster prevention, and fault activity monitoring.
Sustainable development of Chinese higher education through comparison of higher education indices
Authors: Wu Qiong , Borhan Mohamad Termizi
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to undertake a comparative study of higher education indices in China and between the 31 administrative divisions of China with the international evaluation system. The analysis includes a comparison of higher education indices between China and six continents and several key countries in the world, as well as a comparison between internal regions in China and Malaysia, both of which are in Asia. The numbers and rankings of higher education institutes (HEIs) of various countries and regions listed in the QS World University Rankings (QS) over 13 years from 2010 to 2023 form the basis of corresponding higher education indices obtained through several calculation formulas. These indices are the QS Higher Education Density Index (QSHEDI), QS Higher Education Quality Index (QSHEQI), QS Higher Education Composite Index (QSHEI), and Relative QS Higher Education Composite Index (RQSHEI), and they reflect the index calculation results of the density, quality, and composite of higher education relative to the regional population. Based on the comparative analysis of the indices from multiple perspectives, this study found that there is a large gap between higher education in China and other countries, and there is also a significant imbalance in the geographical distribution of higher education resources among Chinese provinces based on the population proportion and economic impact. These disparities will hurt the sustainable development of higher education in China. Therefore, paying more attention to the international evaluation system and recognition standards like the QS Rankings becomes necessary to guide the balanced development of higher education among provinces according to the population proportion. It is also vital to improve the international influence of HEIs in China according to internationally recognized requirements so that China's higher education can develop sustainably in the process of global internationalization.
Diabetes mellitus, systemic inflammation and overactive bladder
Authors: He Qingliu , Wu Lizhen , Deng Changqi , He Jiatai , Wen Jun , Wei Chengcheng , You Zhijiao
Published: April 2024

Background

Increasing evidence emphasizes the potential relationship between diabetes and OAB (overactive bladder). However, large population epidemiology is still lacking.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included six cycle NHANES surveys, with a total of 23863 participants. Logistic regression models were constructed to analyze the association between diabetes mellitus, diabetes-related markers, and inflammatory biomarkers with OAB. Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the non-linear associations. Mediating analysis was performed to test the effect of inflammatory biomarkers on the relationship between diabetes-related markers and OAB. Finally, machine learning models were applied to predict the relative importance and construct the best-fit model.

Results

Diabetes mellitus participants’ OAB prevalence increased by 77% compared with non-diabetes. As the quartiles of diabetes-related markers increased, the odds of OAB monotonically increased in three models (all p for trend < 0.001). Glycohemoglobin exhibited a linear association with OAB (p for nonlinearity > 0.05). White blood cells significantly mediated the associations between diabetes-related markers (glycohemoglobin, fasting glucose, and insulin) with OAB, and the proportions were 7.23%, 8.08%, and 17.74%, respectively (all p < 0.0001). Neutrophils partly mediated the correlation between (glycohemoglobin, fasting glucose, and insulin) and OAB at 6.58%, 9.64%, and 17.93%, respectively (all p < 0.0001). Machine learning of the XGBoost model constructs the best fit model, and XGBoost predicts glycohemoglobin is the most important indicator on OAB.

Conclusion

Our research revealed diabetes mellitus and diabetes-related markers were remarkably associated with OAB, and systemic inflammation was an important mediator of this association.
Myeloid cell expression of CD200R is modulated in active TB disease and regulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a biomimetic model
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed , Tezera Liku B. , Herbert Nicholas , Chambers Mark , Reichmann Michaela T. , Nargan Kievershen , Kloverpris Henrik , Karim Farina , Hlatshwayo Mbali , Madensein Rajhmun , Habesh Munir , Hoque Monjural , Steyn Adrie J.C. , Elkington Paul T. , Leslie Alasdair J.
Published: April 2024

A robust immune response is required for resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), the primary disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, pharmaceutical inhibition of T cell immune checkpoint molecules can result in the rapid development of active disease in latently infected individuals, indicating the importance of T cell immune regulation. In this study, we investigated the potential role of CD200R during Mtb infection, a key immune checkpoint for myeloid cells. Expression of CD200R was consistently downregulated on CD14+ monocytes in the blood of subjects with active TB compared to healthy controls, suggesting potential modulation of this important anti-inflammatory pathway. In homogenized TB-diseased lung tissue, CD200R expression was highly variable on monocytes and CD11b+HLA-DR+ macrophages but tended to be lowest in the most diseased lung tissue sections. This observation was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy, which showed the expression of CD200R on CD68+ macrophages surrounding TB lung granuloma and found expression levels tended to be lower in macrophages closest to the granuloma core and inversely correlated with lesion size. Antibody blockade of CD200R in a biomimetic 3D granuloma-like tissue culture system led to significantly increased Mtb growth. In addition, Mtb infection in this system reduced gene expression of CD200R. These findings indicate that regulation of myeloid cells via CD200R is likely to play an important part in the immune response to TB and may represent a potential target for novel therapeutic intervention.
Identification of inflammatory clusters in long-COVID through analysis of plasma biomarker levels
Authors: Dhingra Shaurya , Fu Jia , Cloherty Gavin , Mallon Patrick , Wasse Haimanot , Moy James , Landay Alan , Kenny Grace
Published: April 2024

Mechanisms underlying long COVID remain poorly understood. Patterns of immunological responses in individuals with long COVID may provide insight into clinical phenotypes. Here we aimed to identify these immunological patterns and study the inflammatory processes ongoing in individuals with long COVID. We applied an unsupervised hierarchical clustering approach to analyze plasma levels of 42 biomarkers measured in individuals with long COVID. Logistic regression models were used to explore associations between biomarker clusters, clinical variables, and symptom phenotypes. In 101 individuals, we identified three inflammatory clusters: a limited immune activation cluster, an innate immune activation cluster, and a systemic immune activation cluster. Membership in these inflammatory clusters did not correlate with individual symptoms or symptom phenotypes, but was associated with clinical variables including age, BMI, and vaccination status. Differences in serologic responses between clusters were also observed. Our results indicate that clinical variables of individuals with long COVID are associated with their inflammatory profiles and can provide insight into the ongoing immune responses.
Effect of CGRP inhibitors on interictal cerebral hemodynamics in individuals with migraine
Authors: Carter Sarah C. , Cucchiara Brett , Reehal Navpreet , Hamilton Katherine , Kaiser Eric A. , Favilla Christopher G.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays an important role in cerebral vasodilation, so here we aim to quantify the impact of CGRP monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy on cerebral hemodynamics.

Methods

In 23 patients with chronic and episodic migraine, cerebral hemodynamic monitoring was performed (1) prior to and (2) 3-months into CGRP-mAb therapy. Transcranial Doppler monitored cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA), from which cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cerebral autoregulation (CA; Mx-index) were calculated.

Results

CA was similar off and on treatment, in the MCA (p = 0.42) and PCA (p = 0.72). CVR was also unaffected by treatment, in the MCA (p = 0.38) and PCA (p = 0.92). CBFv and blood pressure were also unaffected. The subgroup of clinical responders (>50% reduction in migraine frequency) exhibited a small reduction in MCA-CBFv (6.0 cm/s; IQR: 1.1–12.4; p = 0.007) and PCA-CBFv (8.9 cm/s; IQR: 6.9–10.3; p = 0.04).

Discussion

Dynamic measures of cerebrovascular physiology were preserved after 3 months of CGRP-mAb therapy, but a small reduction in CBFv was observed in patients who responded to treatment. Subgroup findings should be interpreted cautiously, but further investigation may clarify if CBFv is dependent on the degree of CGRP inhibition or may serve as a biomarker of drug sensitivity.
The nutrition and therapeutic potential of millets: an updated narrative review
Authors: Jacob Jinu , Krishnan Veda , Antony Chris , Bhavyasri Masimukka , Aruna C. , Mishra Kiran , Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu , Satyavathi Chellapilla Tara , Visarada Kurella B. R. S.
Published: April 2024

Millets are ancient small grains grown in arid and semiarid regions of the world. They are staple food for many people in Asia and Africa. They are abundant sources of minerals and vitamins, giving them the name Nutricereals. Moreover, millets contain valuable phytochemicals that impart therapeutic properties for various disorders and diseases, thus giving them nutraceutical value. A wide array of biochemical compounds are present in the plant parts as well as the grains. In the oldest texts of medicine in India and China, millets are mentioned for use for their medicinal value. There has been expanding interest and emerging facts about millets and their therapeutic uses. Ample evidence shows that consumption of millets amounts to correction of life style and metabolic disorders. Therapeutic properties of millets can be viewed in two ways, supplementary nutrition through minerals and vitamins, and therapeutic value through the presence of phytochemicals and specialty compounds that include flavonoids, phenolics, anthocyanidins and others that have antioxidant potential. Millets are gluten free, have low glycemic index and the phytochemicals aid in correction of lifestyle disorders and prevention of ailments like carcinogenesis. Supplementary benefits include treatment of anemia and calcium deficiency especially for pregnant women and young children. With the improvements in analytical methods for detection of various compounds, it is possible to identify the compound-specific genotypes in millets that can cater to the pharmacy industry. End-use specific genotypes can be bred to meet the demand. Millets being climate resilient, can contribute to a healthier life and better world through economic usage of natural resources.
Regulatory considerations in the design, development and quality of monoclonal antibodies and related products for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer
Authors: Shapiro Marjorie A.
Published: April 2024

Over 160 therapeutic and in vivo diagnostic monoclonal antibodies have been approved by the US FDA since the first monoclonal antibody, muromonab, was approved in 1986. Approximately 42% of these approvals were for the treatment or in vivo diagnosis of oncology indications, although some products are no longer marketed. This review will look at the history of monoclonal antibody development and approvals, discuss current antibody-based modalities, regulatory considerations for engineering approaches, critical quality attributes for different modalities, immunogenicity of mAbs across oncology products, and the future directions for development of therapeutic and diagnostic monoclonal antibody-based products.
Comparative chloroplast genomes of Argentina species: genome evolution and phylogenomic implications
Authors: Li Qin-Qin , Zhang Zhi-Ping , Aogan  , Wen Jun
Published: April 2024

The genus Argentina Hill belongs to the tribe Potentilleae Sweet and contains approximately 75 species predominantly distributed in the Sino-Himalayan region and the Malesian archipelago. So far we have less knowledge on the phylogenetic relationships within Argentina owing to limited sampling of Argentina taxa or gene fragments in previous studies. Moreover, to date there is no phylogenetic study on Argentina from the perspective of comparative chloroplast (cp) genomics. Here we performed comparative genomic analyses on the cp genomes of 39 accessions representing 18 taxa of Argentina. The Argentina cp genomes presented the typical quadripartite structure, with the sizes ranging from 155 096 bp to 157 166 bp. The 39 Argentina cp genomes contained a set of 112 unique genes, comprising four ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, as well as 78 protein-coding genes (PCGs). The cp genome organization, gene content and order in Argentina were highly conserved, but some visible divergences were present in IR/SC boundary regions. Ten regions (trnH-GUG-psbA, trnG-GCC-trnfM-CAU, trnD-GUC-trnY-GUA, rpl32-trnL-UAG, atpH-atpI, rps16-trnQ-UUG, trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC, ndhF-rpl32, trnR-UCU-atpA, and accD-psaI) were identified as excellent candidate DNA markers for future studies on species identification, population genetics and phylogeny of Argentina. Our results indicated that Argentina is monophyletic. In the current sampling, the A. smithiana - A. anserina clade was sister to the remainder of Argentina. Our results corroborated the previous taxonomic treatments to transfer A. phanerophlebia and A. micropetala from the genus Sibbaldia L. to Argentina. Our results showed close relationships among A. stenophylla, A. microphylla, A. taliensis, and A. tatsienluensis, congruent with previous studies based on the morphology of these species. Twenty-six genes (rps3, rps15, rps16, rps19, rpl16, rpl20, rpl22, rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, rpoC2, atpA, atpF, psbB, psbF, ndhA, ndhB, ndhC, ndhD, ndhF, rbcL, accD, ccsA, matK, ycf1, ycf2) were with sites under positive selection, and adaptive evolution of these genes might have played crucial roles in Argentina species adaptation to the harsh mountain environment. This study will facilitate future work on taxonomy, phylogenetics, and adaptive evolution of Argentina.
Study protocol for measuring stigmatization in persistent tic disorders: development and validation of the Tourette discrimination-stigmatization scale
Authors: Martindale Jaclyn M. , Ringheanu Victor M. , Pring Kelly A. , Norona Sandra , Wiseman Kimberly , Strowd Roy E. , Chapman Leah , Rigdon Joseph , Rapp Stephen R. , Storch Eric A. , Ip Edward , Mink Jonathan W.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Persistent Tic Disorders such as Tourette Syndrome are common neurodevelopmental disorders that are highly stigmatized. Many individuals with Persistent Tic Disorders experience peer rejection, loneliness, and self-stigma. Experiencing stigmatization during childhood can influence the persistence of moderate-to-severe tics later in life. Additionally, these factors have been associated with increased suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and psychiatric symptom severity. There is a need for interventions to reduce stigma and stigmatization in Persistent Tic Disorders. Before developing cost-effective interventions to mitigate stigma’s profound downstream health impacts, a reliable measure of stigmatization must be created. The overarching goal of this research is to develop and validate the Tourette Discrimination-Stigmatization (TD-STIGMA) Scale.

Methods

This paper presents the study protocol for developing and validating the TD-STIGMA Scale. The study is designed as a mixed methods study to develop the TD-STIGMA scale and evaluate its psychometric properties. The study uses a phased approach: (1) collection of narrative and thematic content data through in-depth qualitative interviews of stakeholders, (2) development of a novel TD-STIGMA self-report scale using the Delphi Method based on these results, and (3) completion of analyses to determine the scale’s psychometric properties (confirmatory factor analysis, convergent, known-group, criterion validity, and test–retest reliability).

Discussion

This project will result in a personalized approach to stigma measurement about youth and young adults with Persistent Tic Disorders, which to date does not exist. There are several limitations. Comorbidities or spiritual or cultural beliefs may affect perceptions of stigma and are not directly assessed in this study. We will utilize institutional resources for community outreach to purposefully sample underrepresented minorities who may be at disproportionate risk of adverse outcomes. However, this may not be fully representative of the generalized tic population. The study team will be purposeful in maintaining participant engagement for study retention. Lastly, participants from a tertiary referral center may not fully represent the generalized tic community. However, we hope our broad recruitment strategy and virtual study visits will facilitate a diverse and inclusive sampling of the patient population.
Manual therapy and exercise effects on inflammatory cytokines: a narrative overview
Authors: Cook Chad E. , Keter Damian , Cade William Todd , Winkelstein Beth A. , Reed William R.
Published: April 2024

Background

Matching disease and treatment mechanisms is a goal of the Precision Medicine Initiative. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and Interleukin-2, 10, and 12) have gained a significant amount of interest in their potential role in persistent pain for musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. Manual therapy (MT) and exercise are two guideline-recommended approaches for treating MSK conditions. The objective of this narrative overview was to investigate of the effects of MT and exercise on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and determine the factors that lead to variability in results.

Methods

Two reviewers evaluated the direction and variabilities of MT and exercise literature. A red, yellow, and green light scoring system was used to define consistencies.

Results

Consistencies in responses were seen with acute and chronic exercise and both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chronic exercise is associated with a consistent shift towards a more anti-inflammatory cytokine profile (Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and Interleukin-2 and 13, whereas acute bouts of intense exercise can transiently increase pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. The influence of MT on cytokines was less commonly studied and yielded more variable results.

Conclusion

Variability in findings is likely related to the subject and their baseline condition or disease, when measurement occurs, and the exercise intensity, duration, and an individual's overall health and fitness.
Assessing sleep quality in elite and junior cyclists
Authors: Javaloyes Alejandro , Mateo-March Manuel , Peña-González Iván , Moya-Ramón Manuel
Published: April 2024

In the pursuit of optimal recovery, the significance of sleep cannot be overstated for elite cyclists, including high-level cyclists within the junior category. This study aims to assess the sleep quality of elite athletes of different categories and disciplines, including junior. The sleep quality of 112 high-level cyclists (males n = 80; females n = 32) participating in endurance and sprint disciplines was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A noteworthy 41% of both elite and junior cyclists displayed poor sleep quality. No significant differences were observed between elite and junior cyclists in terms of sleep quality, but there was a medium effect size, indicating greater sleep efficiency in junior cyclists [0.36 (0.16, 0.53)]. Gender differences were found, with females exhibiting worse PSQI scores (males = 4.00 [2.25]; females 5.00 [3.00]; p = 0.035). Endurance cyclists spent more time in bed compared to cyclists from sprinting disciplines (8:30 [1.00] and 8:00 [1:03], respectively; p = 0.019). These findings reveal poor sleep habits, even among individuals classified as good sleepers by the PSQI, emphasizing the importance of preventing sleep disorders in cyclists. This study provides valuable insights into athlete sleep quality, encompassing various categories, genders, and cycling disciplines. In conclusion, elite cyclists demonstrate suboptimal sleep quality, suggesting the potential for interventions utilizing the PSQI. These findings advocate for the incorporation of sleep quality assessments into routine evaluations for athletes.
In Search of Dispersed Memories: Generative Diffusion Models Are Associative Memory Networks
Authors: Ambrogioni Luca
Published: April 2024

Uncovering the mechanisms behind long-term memory is one of the most fascinating open problems in neuroscience and artificial intelligence. Artificial associative memory networks have been used to formalize important aspects of biological memory. Generative diffusion models are a type of generative machine learning techniques that have shown great performance in many tasks. Similar to associative memory systems, these networks define a dynamical system that converges to a set of target states. In this work, we show that generative diffusion models can be interpreted as energy-based models and that, when trained on discrete patterns, their energy function is (asymptotically) identical to that of modern Hopfield networks. This equivalence allows us to interpret the supervised training of diffusion models as a synaptic learning process that encodes the associative dynamics of a modern Hopfield network in the weight structure of a deep neural network. Leveraging this connection, we formulate a generalized framework for understanding the formation of long-term memory, where creative generation and memory recall can be seen as parts of a unified continuum.
Efficient Solvent-Free Synthesis of Indolizines Using CuBr Catalyst from Pyridine, Acetophenone, and Electron-Deficient Alkenes
Authors: Zhang Xueguo , Zhang Jianpeng , Liu Zhengyi , Bi Wenxuan , Shen Jian , Li Guang
Published: April 2024

Herein, we have developed a new approach for the synthesis of indolizine via Cu-catalyzed reaction of pyridine, acetophenone, and nitroolefin under mild conditions in high yields. This reaction involved the formation of C–N and C–C bonds and new indolizine compounds with high stereoselectivity and excellent functional group tolerance.
Exploring the Potential of Biochar Derived from Chinese Herbal Medicine Residue for Efficient Removal of Norfloxacin
Authors: Li Pengwei , Zhao Ziheng , Zhang Miaomiao , Su Hang , Zhao Ting , Feng Weisheng , Zhang Zhijuan
Published: April 2024

One-step carbonization was explored to prepare biochar using the residue of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Atropa belladonna L. (ABL), as the raw material. The resulting biochar, known as ABLB4, was evaluated for its potential as a sustainable material for norfloxacin (NOR) adsorption in water. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics was conducted through batch adsorption experiments. The maximum calculated NOR adsorption capacity was 252.0 mg/g at 298 K, and the spontaneous and exothermic adsorption of NOR on ABLB4 could be better suited to a pseudo-first-order kinetic model and Langmuir model. The adsorption process observed is influenced by pore diffusion, π–π interaction, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bonding between ABLB4 and NOR molecules. Moreover, the utilization of response surface modeling (RSM) facilitated the optimization of the removal efficiency of NOR, yielding a maximum removal rate of 97.4% at a temperature of 304.8 K, an initial concentration of 67.1 mg/L, and a pH of 7.4. Furthermore, the biochar demonstrated favorable economic advantages, with a payback of 852.5 USD/t. More importantly, even after undergoing five cycles, ABLB4 exhibited a consistently high NOR removal rate, indicating its significant potential for application in NOR adsorption.
Enhancing Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties of Dialdehyde Cellulose–Silver Nanoparticle Composites through Ammoniated Nanocellulose Modification
Authors: Zeng Jinsong , Wu Chen , Li Pengfei , Li Jinpeng , Wang Bin , Xu Jun , Gao Wenhua , Chen Kefu
Published: April 2024

Given the widespread prevalence of viruses, there is an escalating demand for antimicrobial composites. Although the composite of dialdehyde cellulose and silver nanoparticles (DAC@Ag1) exhibits excellent antibacterial properties, its weak mechanical characteristics hinder its practical applicability. To address this limitation, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were initially ammoniated to yield N-CNF, which was subsequently incorporated into DAC@Ag1 as an enhancer, forming DAC@Ag1/N-CNF. We systematically investigated the optimal amount of N-CNF and characterized the DAC@Ag1/N-CNF using FT-IR, XPS, and XRD analyses to evaluate its additional properties. Notably, the optimal mass ratio of N-CNF to DAC@Ag1 was found to be 5:5, resulting in a substantial enhancement in mechanical properties, with a 139.8% increase in tensile elongation and a 33.1% increase in strength, reaching 10% and 125.24 MPa, respectively, compared to DAC@Ag1 alone. Furthermore, the inhibition zones against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were significantly expanded to 7.9 mm and 15.9 mm, respectively, surpassing those of DAC@Ag1 alone by 154.8% and 467.9%, indicating remarkable improvements in antimicrobial efficacy. Mechanism analysis highlighted synergistic effects from chemical covalent bonding and hydrogen bonding in the DAC@Ag1/N-CNF, enhancing the mechanical and antimicrobial properties significantly. The addition of N-CNF markedly augmented the properties of the composite film, thereby facilitating its broader application in the antimicrobial field.
Study on the Skincare Effects of Red Rice Fermented by Aspergillus oryzae In Vitro
Authors: Chen Mo , Sun Yi , Zhu Le , Li Lingyu , Zhao Ya
Published: April 2024

Red rice, a variety of pigmented grain, serves dual purposes as both a food and medicinal resource. In recent years, we have witnessed an increasing interest in the dermatological benefits of fermented rice extracts, particularly their whitening and hydrating effects. However, data on the skincare advantages derived from fermenting red rice with Aspergillus oryzae remain sparse. This study utilized red rice as a substrate for fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae, producing a substance known as red rice Aspergillus oryzae fermentation (RRFA). We conducted a preliminary analysis of RRFA’s composition followed by an evaluation of its skincare potential through various in vitro tests. Our objective was to develop a safe and highly effective skincare component for potential cosmetic applications. RRFA’s constituents were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, the phenol-sulfuric acid method, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We employed human dermal fibroblasts (FB) to assess RRFA’s anti-aging and antioxidative properties, immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and 3D epidermal models to examine its moisturizing and reparative capabilities, and human primary melanocytes (MCs) to study its effects on skin lightening. Our findings revealed that RRFA encompasses several bioactive compounds beneficial for skin health. RRFA can significantly promote the proliferation of FB cells. And it markedly enhances the mRNA expression of ECM-related anti-aging genes and reduces reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, RRFA significantly boosts the expression of Aquaporin 3 (AQP3), Filaggrin (FLG), and Hyaluronan Synthase 1 (HAS1) mRNA, alongside elevating moisture levels in a 3D epidermal model. Increases were also observed in the mRNA expression of Claudin 1 (CLDN1), Involucrin (IVL), and Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) in keratinocytes. Additionally, RRFA demonstrated an inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis. Collectively, RRFA contains diverse ingredients which are beneficial for skin health and showcases multifaceted skincare effects in terms of anti-aging, antioxidant, moisturizing, repairing, and whitening capabilities in vitro, highlighting its potential for future cosmetic applications.
Low-Hydrophilic HKUST−1/Polymer Extrudates for the PSA Separation of CO2/CH4
Authors: Rozaini Muhamad Tahriri , Grekov Denys I. , Bustam Mohamad Azmi , Pré Pascaline
Published: April 2024

HKUST−1 is an MOF adsorbent industrially produced in powder form and thus requires a post-shaping process for use as an adsorbent in fixed-bed separation processes. HKUST−1 is also sensitive to moisture, which degrades its crystalline structure. In this work, HKUST−1, in the form of crystalline powder, was extruded into pellets using a hydrophobic polymeric binder to improve its moisture stability. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was used for that purpose. The subsequent HKUST−1/TPU extrudate was then compared to HKUST−1/PLA extrudates synthesized with more hydrophilic polymer: polylactic acid (PLA), as the binder. The characterization of the composites was determined via XRD, TGA, SEM-EDS, and an N2 adsorption isotherm analysis. Meanwhile, the gas-separation performances of HKUST−1/TPU were investigated and compared with HKUST−1/PLA from measurements of CO2 and CH4 isotherms at three different temperatures, up to 10 bars. Lastly, the moisture stability of the composite materials was investigated via an aging analysis during storage under humid conditions. It is shown that HKUST−1’s crystalline structure was preserved in the HKUST−1/TPU extrudates. The composites also exhibited good thermal stability under 523 K, whilst their textural properties were not significantly modified compared with the pristine HKUST−1. Furthermore, both extrudates exhibited larger CO2 and CH4 adsorption capacities in comparison to the pristine HKUST−1. After three months of storage under atmospheric humid conditions, CO2 adsorption capacities were reduced to only 10% for HKUST−1/TPU, whereas reductions of about 25% and 54% were observed for HKUST−1/PLA and the pristine HKUST−1, respectively. This study demonstrates the interest in shaping MOF powders by extrusion using a hydrophobic thermoplastic binder to operate adsorbents with enhanced moisture stability in gas-separation columns.