bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEMOCRATIE PARTICIPATIVE ET INTERET GENERAL EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO : VERS UNE REINVENTION DE LA DEMOCRATIE LOCALE DANS LE CONTEXTE AFRICAIN
Authors:   Chef de Travaux à l’Université de Likasi et Doctorant en Droit constitutionnel à l’Université de Lubumbashi/Haut-Katanga-RDC gerkab7@gmail.com, KABILA Gerry NKULU
Published: October 2024

Les théories sur l’origine de l’Etat présentent l’intérêt général ou le bien commun comme finalité existentielle de celui-ci. En tant que telle, l’intérêt général est l’œuvre, à la fois, des institutions politiques et de celles administratives. Ainsi, pour mettre fin à la crise de légitimité des gouvernants afin de satisfaire paisiblement ledit intérêt, le Constituant du 18 février 2006 a opté pour la démocratie à l’occidentale comme mode d’exercice du pouvoir politique en RDC. Avec elle, l’accession à la gestion de la chose publique est, pour la grande partie, sujette à l’élection des gouvernants par les gouvernés. Ce faisant, seize ans après la mise sur pied de ce principe de démocratie, cet article vient jeter un regard dans la gestion de la chose publique locale, pour y constater l’ineffectivité dudit principe, tel que voulu à l’occidental par le Constituant de 2006, caractérisé par l’élection des représentants du peuple par celui-ci. Par contre, cette dissertation démontre l’émergence d’un certain modèle de démocratie original par rapport à celui occidental. Et pour aller au bout de sa logique heuristique, notre réflexion s’évertue à donner la signification théorique de cette réalité démocratique originale, qui se vit de nos jours dans les entités territoriales décentralisées en RDC, à savoir, la mutation de la démocratie participative, synonyme de réinvention de la démocratie en contexte africain. Mots-clés : Démocratie participative, intérêt général, démocratie locale, réinvention de la démocratie.
Discussion on Comparative Research and Teaching of the Adverbs Shizhong(始终),Zaowan (早晚),Chizao (迟早) for Vietnamese Students
Authors: Dung Nguyen Thuy Thuy
Published: October 2024

Adverb“始终（shizhong）、早晚（zaowan）、迟早（chizao）” in Chinese and Vietnamese are equivalent compound words composed of two monosyllabic morphemes, and these two morphemes have opposite meanings. This article analyzes and compares three adverbs from two semantic and grammatical perspectives, conducts comparative analysis, and thereby finds the similarities and differences between these three words in Chinese and Vietnamese. At the same time, finding the causes and proposing teaching methods to solve the problem of Vietnamese students often misusing these words when learning Chinese in Vietnam. We have found very few studies on teaching and comparing adverbs in these two languages, so this article hopes to help Vietnamese students understand more deeply the characteristics of this group of words, as well as avoid misusing this group of words.
Community Extension Program of Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao: A Basis for Comprehensive Community Development Plan
Authors: Calixto Alberto
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on conducting a community needs assessment in the seven clustered barangays of the municipality of Baggao to develop a comprehensive development plan for Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao’s extension program. A descriptive correlational research design was utilized to explore the community’s needs and priorities. The findings underscore the urgency of various community needs as perceived by the participants from the seven barangays. These needs span across key areas, including health, socio-cultural aspects, environmental concerns, technological advancements, economic development, spiritual well-being, and literacy, all of which were assessed as having a high level of urgency. Based on these results, specific recommendations are offered to school administrators, teachers, students, and other stakeholders. These include implementing barangay-level community training programs, fostering collaboration among stakeholders, and establishing support systems to systematically address the most urgent needs. The study emphasizes the importance of executing the comprehensive community development plan to address the identified needs of the barangays, ultimately aiming to enhance the quality of life for residents in these communities.
Un puñal de tipo Monte Bernorio en el conjunto arqueológico-natural de Santomé (Orense). Armas y otras reliquias en contexto privado en el cuadrante noroccidental de la península ibérica
Authors: Fernández Ibáñez Carmelo , Rodríguez González Xulio
Published: October 2024

El estudio se motiva a partir del hallazgo en las excavaciones en el conjunto arqueológico-natural de Santomé (Orense) de una daga con su funda decorada con nielados del tipo denominado Monte Bernorio, aparecida en contexto galaico-romano bien fechado en la primera mitad del s. I d. C. Se trata de un arma del siglo III a. C. fabricada en la cercana meseta Norte. A partir de la consideración del tal arma como una reliquia (keimélia) y para comenzar a dar sentido a este exclusivo hallazgo, se han recopilado los diversos objetos (dagas de distinta tipología, hachas de anillas…) aparecidos en el NW de la península ibérica y considerados como tales reliquias en la Antigüedad. Todas son ocultaciones privadas que se realizaron en época romana, y la inmensa mayoría en el período Altoimperial. Así mismo se han descrito las particularidades culturales, antropológicas, sociales y religiosas que caracterizaron su conservación y veneración. Como hipótesis más posible para dar sentido a la daga en estudio y entre otras posibilidades, se razona que hubiese sido un trofeo de guerra.
Hepatopatías: nivel de conocimiento y diagnóstico en adultos mayores
Authors: Cañarte Murillo Jenniffer Romina , Guiracocha Franco Katherine Nicole , Morales Toapanta Melisa Silvana , López López Luis Yaveth , Lascano Garcés Mabelyne Odalys
Published: October 2024

El hígado es un órgano esencial en el metabolismo de los vertebrados con funciones vitales como la absorción, síntesis, almacenamiento y redistribución de nutrientes, así como la desintoxicación de compuestos extraños. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de conocimientos y prácticas diagnósticas relacionadas con las enfermedades hepáticas en adultos mayores. Se utilizó una metodología de diseño documental descriptivo basada en una revisión bibliográfica existente en buscadores científicos. La revisión se centró en estudios primarios publicados en los últimos cinco años para garantizar la puntualidad de la información. Los resultados indican que el conocimiento de los adultos mayores sobre las enfermedades hepáticas es bajo, lo que se atribuye a la falta de concientización y educación sobre el tema. Además, se encontró una notable variabilidad en la prevalencia de enfermedades hepáticas, que difiere según la región o el país. Los métodos de diagnóstico incluyen la biopsia hepática, que se considera el estándar de oro, junto con métodos no invasivos como pruebas de laboratorio y pruebas de imagen. En conclusión, el bajo nivel de conocimiento sobre las enfermedades hepáticas, resultado de una educación y sensibilización insuficientes, contribuye a diagnósticos tardíos y a una alta prevalencia de enfermedades hepáticas.
Revisión sistemática sobre Rasgos de Personalidad en Adolescentes Infractores de Agresión Sexual
Authors: Rojas Ángel Jairo , García Sánchez Roberto
Published: October 2024

Los rasgos de personalidad en adolescentes infractores de agresión sexual, en adelante (RPA-IAS) son parte de una disciplina psicopatológica que define su condición propia para, pensar, sentir y actuar de cierto modo, mediante reacciones emocionales sexuales a través de la coerción para obtener satisfacción personal (Vilchez et al., 2019). La personalidad es una característica que cada individuo gesta desde la niñez, y el ambiente en el que se desarrolla (Babchishin et al., 2011). El objetivo del estudio fue identificar mediante una revisión sistemática investigaciones relacionadas con rasgos de personalidad y características que llevaron a la materialización de la agresión sexual por adolescentes, en motores de búsqueda como: Pub Med, ScienceDirect y Google Scholar, compilando 106 artículos de los últimos quince años en inglés y español, aplicando el método prisma, concluyendo que los rasgos más asociados con la agresión sexual fueron: el neuroticismo, extraversión, psicoticismo, agresividad y algunas características de personalidad.
INDENIZAÇÃO PUNITIVA NO CÓDIGO CIVIL BRASILEIRO: A REPETIÇÃO DE INDÉBITO EM DOBRO DO ARTIGO 940 COMO INSTITUTO JURÍDICO EQUIPARADO
Authors: Morales Gabriel Saad de Avila
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: Conceived within the Anglo-American tradition of the 18th century, punitive damages emerge as a distinct form of sanction intended to reflect the role of civil liability through a modern perspective. Originating from case law and customary practices, this foreign institution underscores the inadequacy of compensatory and restitutive functions in restoring the status quo ante in cases of bad faith or significant culpability of the offender, particularly when the wrongdoing stems from the pursuit of personal gain. Thus, the details of the case become crucial in assessing the agent’s conduct, with a rigorous examination of intent. By adopting the Theory of Deterrence, civil law acquires a preventive character, countering the recurrence of egregious harmful acts within social interactions, aiming to safeguard objective good faith in private relations. This article, therefore, traces the historical roots and conceptual evolution of this model over time, highlighting its distinctions from traditional compensatory methods, under the principles of unjust enrichment and full reparation. Finally, the study explores the potential equivalence to the double recovery provision under Article 940 of the Civil Code. Through a theoretical and deductive approach, utilizing qualitative, foundational, explanatory, and bibliographic methods, and viewed through the lens of comparative law, the initial hypothesis is confirmed, with reservations.
TRANSPOSIÇÃO LATERAL E DISTAL DA TUBEROSIDADE TIBIAL NO TRATAMENTO DA LUXAÇÃO MEDIAL DE PATELA GRAU II ASSOCIADA À PATELA ALTA EM CÃO – RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Dall’ago Gabriela Sampaio , Abucarma Rogerio Ali , Leal Leonardo Martins
Published: October 2024

The objective was to report the diagnosis and treatment of a mixed breed dog, 3 years old, with high patella and grade II medial patellar dislocation in the right pelvic limb. The patient was seen complaining of lameness in the affected limb and, after orthopedic examination, a grade II medial dislocation of the patella was diagnosed, possibly associated with patella alta. Patellar chondropathy and osteoarthrosis were also suggested due to the presence of crepitus in the joint on examination. Radiographs confirmed the diagnosis and enabled surgical planning. Surgery included trochleoplasty, medial desmotomy, lateral imbrication, lateral and distal transposition of the tibial tuberosity and tenotomy of the rectus femoris muscle. Two weeks after the procedure, there was an improvement in patellar stability and locomotion, with slight residual lameness. Upon return after 30 days, no lameness, patellar dislocation and joint pain were observed. One year after the procedure, a virtual reassessment was carried out with videos sent by the tutor, demonstrating the absence of lameness and the patient's good general condition. It is concluded that the recommended surgical treatment was effective in correcting patellar dislocation and patella alta, resulting in an improvement in the patient's quality of life due to the good clinical results presented.
SERVIÇO SOCIAL E DESASTRES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS: ATUAÇÃO NA DEFESA CIVIL DE MACEIÓ–AL
Authors: Silva Katiane Moraes da , Nobre Sheila Erika Ferro Ramalho
Published: October 2024

Este artigo “Serviço Social e Desastres Socioambientais: atuação na Defesa Civil de Maceió–AL” apresenta uma análise da atuação do assistente social em situações de desastres e calamidades públicas, com ênfase na Defesa Civil de Maceió. Inicialmente, aborda-se a necessidade de uma intervenção crítica do Serviço Social em desastres, ressaltando a relevância de um enfoque que transcenda os aspectos físicos e estruturais, integrando uma atuação voltada para as expressões da questão social, que amplificam as vulnerabilidades sociais, econômicas e políticas em contextos socioambientais. Assim, o Serviço Social emerge como um agente transformador, capaz de promover intervenções que visem à equidade e à transformação social, desafiando práticas conservadoras e promovendo uma atuação crítica frente aos desastres. Desta forma, a atuação do serviço social é estratégica para a proteção das comunidades vulneráveis e a promoção de uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária. ​
A ATIVIDADE FÍSICA COMO FERRAMENTA DE PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE E QUALIDADE DE VIDA PARA PESSOAS IDOSAS
Authors: MORAIS Cláudio Leonardo , TEIXEIRA Mislene Silva , MELO Vanessa Silva Teixeira
Published: October 2024

Demographic ageing is defined by the increase in the proportion of elderly people in the total population. This demographic context highlights the need to create specific policies and actions to meet the demands of this growing population. The aim of this study is to review the existing literature on the use of physical activity to promote health and quality of life in the elderly. However, to understand the recurring physiological changes of the ageing process and the benefits of physical activity for improving the quality of life of the population in question. Therefore, this study is justified by the need to encourage physical activity among the elderly population, with the aim of minimizing the negative impacts of sedentary lifestyles and promoting healthy and active ageing. This article is a literature review with a qualitative approach. This study analyzed 20 articles, the findings of which indicate that physical activity is an important tool for promoting health and improving quality of life among the elderly. Based on the theoretical foundation, the benefits of practicing physical activities in improving basic daily activities were discussed, as well as their relationship with physiological changes. Evidence shows that regular physical exercise can mitigate the effects of loss of muscle mass and the risk of chronic diseases, as well as improving functional independence and mental well-being. In view of this, the promotion of physical activity should be a priority in public policy, with concrete incentives and an integrated approach among health professionals. It can be concluded that including physical exercise in everyday life not only prevents disease, but also contributes to healthier and more active ageing.
POSIÇÕES NÃO-SUPINAS E AUTONOMIA MATERNA NA ASSISTÊNCIA AO PARTO POR EQUIPE DE FISIOTERAPIA EM SAÚDE DA MULHER
Authors: Mata Viviana Mendes da , Silva Aline Manta da , Leme Ana Paula Cardoso Batista Paes
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Childbirth in supine positions centralizes interventions instead of maternal autonomy, physiology and biomechanics of birth which are facilitated by non-supine positions. Objective: To quantitatively describe the prevalence of maternal positioning choice and non-supine positions in childbirth through assistance conducted by a Women's health physiotherapy team. Methods: Quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional study through retrospective secondary data available on the Assistance Database of the Women's health physiotherapy service of a public maternity hospital in Salvador from 2015 to 2019. initiated after approval by the Research Ethics Committee and waiver of the informed consent form. Results: Out of the total patients assisted by a multidisciplinary team with Women’s Health physiotherapists during childbirth from 2015 to 2019, 35.1% delivered in the supine position and 61% in non-supine positions. 65.4% chose the position they give birth in and 34.3% didn’t. Conclusion: Delivery assistance by a multidisciplinary team with a physical therapist promotes deliveries in non-supine positions and maternal autonomy during childbirth.
An Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting China's Comprehensive Grain Production Capacity
Authors: Luo Jingrou
Published: October 2024

China, with the largest population in the world, is also the largest grain consumer. Grain security is fundamental to national welfare and the economy, playing a crucial role in socioeconomic development. Since the reform and opening-up, China's grain output has doubled, successfully overcoming the global grain crisis in 2006 and the global food crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. However, we cannot be overly optimistic; we must realize that China's grain output growth has relied on soil fertility depletion and excessive pesticide and fertilizer usage, putting significant pressure on the environment. This paper analyzes the factors influencing China's grain output based on data from 1980 to 2020. Through this, it reflects the comprehensive grain production capacity and offers feasible suggestions based on the findings. The analysis is carried out from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. On the theoretical side, the paper considers the impact of variables such as the area of irrigated arable land (X1, in thousand hectares), total agricultural machinery power (X2, in ten thousand kilowatts), grain crop sowing area (X3, in thousand hectares), fertilizer use (X4, in ten thousand tons), and natural population growth rate (X5, in percentage) on grain output. On the empirical side, five grain-related indicators are selected for principal component analysis, and the model is tested using Eviews. The relative importance of factors affecting comprehensive grain production capacity varies with different stages of grain production and development. Finally, the paper offers recommendations for improving China's comprehensive grain production capacity based on the research findings.
Experiences of a Chinese English Learner in the Framework of Sociocultural Theory: An Autoethnography
Authors: Dai Shanshan
Published: October 2024

This study explores the process of second language acquisition (SLA) among Chinese learners within the framework of sociocultural theory, particularly focusing on Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). Through an autoethnographic methodology, the author reflects on personal experiences of learning English in both China and abroad, aiming to fill a gap in SLA research by emphasizing localized Chinese contexts. The findings suggest that access to guidance from more capable individuals, whether teachers, peers, or others—plays a critical role in helping learners navigate their ZPD, thus enhancing their language acquisition. However, the study identifies that many Chinese learners underutilize their surrounding sociocultural environment, limiting their learning potential. This research not only underscores the role of ZPD in language learning but also offers practical insights for both students and educators, advocating for greater student agency in seeking help and for teachers to actively engage in fostering students' ZPD development. Despite its contributions, the study’s autoethnographic approach introduces limitations in terms of subjectivity and sample size, highlighting the need for future research to incorporate diverse perspectives and larger datasets. This research offers a valuable perspective on how sociocultural theory can inform SLA practices in Chinese educational settings, contributing to improved pedagogical strategies.
Application and Impact of Marketing Mechanisms in the Perspective of New Public Management
Authors: Pang Xiaomo
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the application and impact of marketing mechanisms within the framework of New Public Management (NPM). It begins by outlining the fundamental concepts of NPM and its differences from traditional public management, highlighting its significance in adapting to the era of globalization and knowledge economy. The paper then analyzes the specific application of marketing mechanisms in China's public sector, particularly in the promotion and optimization of e-government service platforms, demonstrating how market research and data analysis enhance the quality and efficiency of public services. Finally, the paper summarizes the value created by marketing mechanisms for the public sector and emphasizes the necessity of continuous optimization in practice to balance efficiency with equity, and market mechanisms with public interest.
Collective Identity and Ethical Dilemmas Among College Students in Chinese Anonymous Online Communities: Sensory Stimulation and Media Effects of Online Exposure Discourse
Authors: Li Renhao
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the dynamics of viral social media exposure posts within anonymous online communities in China, specifically concentrating on college students. Based on theories of effervescence and collective frenzy, this research probes into the emotional triggers and functions of group polarization and social identity reconstruction in the digital sphere. Adopting a mixed-methods approach that integrates semi-structured interviews and surveys, it evaluates participants' interactions with online exposure. The anticipated findings are expected to shed light on how factors like group identity, anonymity, and virality cultivate a carnival-like ambiance in social media exposure. These posts function as instruments for mobilization, provide support for social and political causes, and act as platforms for community building and identity formation. They also offer psychological and emotional outlets, aiding users in processing and expressing personal and societal grievances. The paper aims to deepen people's understanding of how digital interactions influence collective identities and social behaviors.
Research about the relationship between the health, economic development and public health expenditure----Evidence: From 11 coastal cities in China
Authors: Li Jiaxin
Published: October 2024

This paper firstly makes a statement on the necessity of this topic and the practical significance behind it. Then it combs through the relevant theories and literature on health capital, public health expenditure, health economics, and economic growth, and analyses the impact and effect of public health expenditure on health capital as well as economic growth in light of scholars' explorations and findings. By collecting relevant data in recent years in Beijing, China, the impact of public health expenditure on economic growth is explored using econometric methods with Beijing as the main research object. The explanatory variable is public health expenditure, the explanatory variables are health capital and economic growth situation in Beijing, and the rest of the control variables are environment, education, and social situation. According to the data relationship between the explanatory variables and the explanatory variables, the authors put forward different research hypotheses and establish different regression models respectively, so as to explore their correlation. The results of the study show that: Beijing government health expenditure has a great role in promoting health capital, and there is still much room for the government to improve it at present; public health expenditure has a significant positive impact on the economy of Beijing, indicating that increasing public health expenditure helps to promote economic growth, which provides theoretical support and empirical evidence for further improvement of public health policy. Finally, on the basis of empirical analysis, this paper puts forward policy recommendations to increase public health expenditure and improve health capital level in Beijing, so as to promote the economic growth of Beijing based on the correlation between the actual health expenditure, health capital and economic growth in Beijing.
Artificial Intelligence Empowering the Innovation of Ideological and Political Course Teaching Models in Universities
Authors: Zuo Wenyao
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of information technology, AI has permeated education, showing great potential in innovating teaching models. Ideological and Political Courses in universities face challenges like a disconnect between content and student needs, low interaction, and poor engagement, requiring urgent reforms. This study explores AI-enabled approaches such as personalized teaching, intelligent assessment, and VR/AR technologies. It demonstrates that AI can enhance interaction, improve learning experiences, and support teaching quality. Despite challenges like ethics and data privacy, AI’s continued evolution will lead to broader applications, deeper integration, and new momentum for teaching model improvements in these courses.
The Impact of Lean Inventory Management on Small Pharmaceutical Companies
Authors: Zhao Yiming
Published: October 2024

"Inventory lean management" is a key strategy for cost savings and quick market response in fast-moving consumer goods industries such as food, retail, and beauty. Recently, the pharmaceutical industry, with its stringent requirements on product shelf life, supply efficiency, and storage methods, has also begun to focus more on effective inventory management. For SMEs, poor inventory management can lead to lost sales and customers, as shoppers will turn to other pharmacies when they cannot find the desired products.
A study of the Relationship between Self-Confidence and Communication Willingness
Authors: Guo Chengyu
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to explore the relationship between self-confidence and communication willingness. Method: we use Willingness to Communicate Scale (WTC) to assess the WTC of participants. Also, after they watched the video, we asked them to self-report to measure changes in their confidence. Results: the positive video increased participants' social self-confidence and enhanced their willingness to communicate, while the negative video had the opposite effect in both experiment groups. In the control group, the videos did not significantly impact on the participants' self-confidence level and willingness to communicate.
The Nexus Between Real Estate Industry and Economy Growth: Case study of Shanghai
Authors: Ma Ruipeng
Published: October 2024

In the 1970s, the theory circle of China put forward the idea of housing commercialization for the first time. After the 1990s, the housing monetization policy began to be implemented. After China opened the door of reform and opening up and the door of urbanization process, the real estate industry also continuously seized the opportunity brought by the reform and opening up to make its own growth. In addition, the real estate industry not only promotes the growth of national economy, but also plays an significant role in improving residents' living quality and seeking benefits for residents. So far, the real estate industry has become the bellwether and main force of China's economic development. The outbreak of the global financial crisis in 2008, followed by 2013, China began to advocate the "new normal" trend of economic development, explore new ways of economic growth and improve the structure of economic growth, which hindered the development of the real estate industry to varying degrees. However, under the macro-background of a series of policies and controls, the real estate industry still plays an immeasurable role in China's economic growth. Therefore, this chapter attempts to carry on a further elaboration in the current macroeconomic background, to clarify the purpose and significance of the research。 In this context, this paper will analyze the relevant data of Shanghai real estate from 1991 to 2021 as the basis. Through the process of data analysis to explain the real estate industry to Shanghai's economic contribution. It also determines whether the relationship between Shanghai real estate industry and economic growth is negative or positive and fills the literature gap between Shanghai real estate industry and economic growth. Provide strong support for future research or policy decision.
Investigating The Effect of Combined Nutritional Supplementation in the Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Progression of Social and Communication Skills: A Nonrandomized Interventional Study
Authors: Muhialdin Ahmad Sh. , Shamsaldin Muhamed Ahmed , Alrefai Omar
Published: October 2024

In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of nutritional supplementation as a method of treating autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of using combined supplementation on treating the symptoms of Autism. In this study, we conducted a nonrandomized, nonblinded trial where we followed up with patients with ASD who were diagnosed through the CARS2-ST scale and evaluated through the Vineland-3 scale within two visits. The patients were divided into control and intervention groups where training only and supplementation with training were used, respectively. Results: The study included a total of 115 participants, out of which 95 (82.6%) were assigned to the intervention group and 20 (17.4%) were assigned to the control group. Significant improvement was observed in the intervention group compared to the control group. It was observed that the CARS2 score for the intervention group was reduced by a mean of 16.1 points compared to only 4.45 mean points reduced in the control group. On the other hand, the Vineland-III scale was increased by a mean of 350.23 points in the intervention group, while the control group had an increase of only 41.3 points. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the use of combined supplementation along with behavioral training greatly reduces autism symptoms compared to training alone. Thus, our study can recommend the use of combined supplementation as a form of treatment for Autism. Further studies with randomization and blinding will be helpful in confirming the findings of our study.
PCR And Sequencing Technique Detection Of Gardnerella Spp Associated With Urinary Tract Vaginosis
Authors: Mutar Abbas Dakheel
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Gardnerella is a bacteria originally described in bacterial vaginosis, which can colonize the urinary tract and is often associated with vaginosis when present as a single-species flora. Commonly found in vaginal tracts, and it is also associated genital tract problems.
Methods: The current study was to identify the genetic variation of 16SrRNA gene in Gardnerella  spp. which isolated from urine samples. In this study, 100 samples of urine from of women suffering from Urinary tract problems collected between August to September 2023 in  Thi-Qar province of Iraq.
Results: The PCR technique results noted that (90%) of urine samples had Gardnerella sp. isolates by 16SrRNA gene. The bacterial samples recorded in NCBI (LC774556, LC774557, LC774558, LC774559, LC774560 LC7745561, LC774562 and LC774563) a 278bp genetic fragment that partially encompassed a coding region of the 16SrRNA gene was enlarged in this study. The phylogenetic tree was built in order to evaluate the precise phylogenetic distances, in addition to other related bacterial genomes. The present results  exhibited that Gardnerella spp. sequences showed around 99% homology. Genetic variations of 16SrRNA gene were identified, the major variations were variably distributed in the (LC774556, LC774557) of the studied samples; while the variation in (G176A) was identified only in LC774556 sample. Also, the deletion mutation (A116 del) was noticed in all studied samples, while (T129 del) was showed in (LC774556, LC774558, LC774560) samples.
Conclusion: The infection with Gardnerella vaginalis. may be related with Bacterial vaginosis tract; Also, the DNA sequencing used to detect the genetic variation of Gardnerella vaginalis.
Potential nephroprotective effect of dapagliflozin against renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats via activation of autophagy pathway and inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Jallawee Hanan Q. , Janabi Ali M.
Published: October 2024

Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), causing tissue damage, inflammation and oxidative stress. Autophagy, responsible for breakdown and recycling of cytoplasmic components. In hypoxic and ischemic renal damage, autophagy may serve as a survival strategy for the cells. Dapagliflozin has been shown to have protective effects against ischemia.
Objective: The study investigates the potential nephro-protective effects of dapagliflozin on renal ischemia reperfusion injury, evaluating its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effects and activation of autophagy via biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in adult male rats.
Material and method: In this study, twenty eight male rats weighing between 200-300g, were divided into 4 groups sham, RIRI, DMSO, Dapagliflozin pretreated groups. All groups subjected to 30 min. of ischemia then 24 h of reperfusion except sham undergo the same anesthesia and surgical procedures except for bilateral renal ischemia. Dapagliflozin 1mg/kg and DMSO was given 2 hours before the induction of ischemia.
Results: The study found that blood urea and serum creatinine levels increased in RIRI and DMSO groups when compared with sham group. Renal tissue levels of IL-6, Kim-1, caspase-3, LC-3 and Akt were also elevated in RIRI while GSH levels decreased in the RIRI. Dapagliflozin group showed significant increases in GSH, LC-3 and Akt levels when compared to sham group. Dapagliflozin reduced serum urea and creatinine levels, and renal tissue levels of IL-6, Kim-1, and caspase-3 also reduced.
Conclusion: Dapagliflozin significantly reduced renal damage in rat model due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and activation autophagy.
Effect of Treatment with Humic Acid on Some Growth Characteristics and Protein Content in Different Varieties Vicia faba L. Plant
Authors: Mohamad Maisam Ammar , Al-Bayaty Ayyub Juma Abdl-Rhmaan
Published: October 2024

An experiment was carried out using plastic pots in the 2023-2024 season to evaluate the method of treatment with humic acid in the growth characteristics and protein percentage of different varieties of faba bean plants. The study included two factors, the method of adding humic acid (without acid, spraying acid on the plant, adding acid to the soil). The second factor included four varieties of beans (local Iraqi, Netherland, Spanish, and French). The results showed: superiority of the treatment of adding Humic acid to the soil in terms of plant height, total chlorophyll percentage, number of leaves, and protein percentage by 13.25% and 7.59 mg g-1 wet weight. 6.78% and 8.75%, respectively Compared to the control treatment, the local variety was superior in the characteristics of plant height and number of leaves by 31.72 and 7.26% compared to the French variety, which was superior in the characteristics of number of leaves and protein percentage by 12.27 and 24.0%, respectively. The interaction also outperformed adding acid to the local variety in plant height. By 53.13%, the French variety with added acid exceeded the characteristics of number of leaves and protein percentage by 26.40 and 30.50%, respectively.
Evaluation of Nurses’ Attitudes toward Human Immuno Deficiency
Authors: Al-Jubouri Namaa Dawoud , Khudur Khalida Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Background: HIV nursing protocols, including rapid HIV testing, face weaknesses such as improper data collection and ambiguity. To reduce stigmatization, interventions should promote the adoption of nursing practices that influence stigmatization experiences. The International Nursing Network for HIV Research recommends collaboration, global partnerships, and scientific work to increase nurses' impact in HIV research. Nurses' experiences with HIV/AIDS patients can impact their health and the spread of the virus. Barriers to HIV treatment include lack of knowledge, demotivation, resistance, and lack of adherence to treatment guidelines. Nurse involvement in HIV prevention is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Objective(s): This study aims to evaluate nurses' attitudes toward human Immuno deficiency. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was conducted in 7 January 2024 to 7 May 2024, The study at Al Musayyib General Hospital in Babylon, Iraq, involved 100 nursing professionals in a health education program. The program aimed to improve nurses' understanding and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. The program's effectiveness was assessed through questionnaires.  Results: The study found that nurses aged 23-less than 30 years, predominantly female, had moderate attitudes towards the human immunodeficiency virus. However, there was no significant relationship between nurses' attitudes and sociodemographic variables or professional variables such as education, years of experience, knowledge development, or participation in training courses. The majority of nurses were urban residents. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should therefore follow national infection prevention guidelines when working in hospitals. To increase nurses' understanding and proficiency in this area, policy designers ought to train them in infection prevention. Further research should include a qualitative study in order to obtain more detailed information. Recommendation: Institutions may enhance their knowledge of HIV care practices by conducting frequent training sessions for nursing staff, personalizing instructional materials, gauging and reviewing attitude levels, encouraging peer learning, and expanding the scope of research. In order to provide effective HIV care, this will assist nurses in expanding their knowledge and adjusting their attitude.
Serological and Molecular Detection of Cytomegalovirus in Aborted Women in Diyala Province, Iraq
Authors: Hassan Haneen F. , Alzubaidy Zainab M.
Published: October 2024

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that can infect individuals of all ages. In pregnant women, CMV infection can lead to complications such as congenital CMV infection, which can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or significant fetal abnormalities. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of CMV infection in women with and without a history of miscarriage in Diyala Province, Iraq. Methods: A total of 120 women were recruited and divided into three groups: 40 pregnant women with a history of miscarriage, 40 non-pregnant women with a history of miscarriage, and 40 healthy women without a history of miscarriage (control group). Blood samples were collected from each participant and analyzed for the presence of CMV-specific IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Some positive results were retested to detect the MIE gene region IE-2 (UL122) by real-time PCR and the IE1 (UL123) gene by conventional PCR. Demographic data of study groups were recorded, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 29. Results: The serological analysis revealed the following prevalence of CMV IgG antibodies: 100% in both pregnant and non-pregnant women with a history of miscarriage, and 95% in the control group of healthy women without a history of miscarriage. For CMV IgM antibodies, the prevalence was 47.5% in pregnant women with a history of miscarriage, 40% in non-pregnant women with a history of miscarriage, and 7.5% in the control group of healthy women without a history of miscarriage. The PCR results showed that 9 of the samples were positive for both the UL122 and UL123 genes. Conclusion: The study indicates a high prevalence of CMV infection among women with a history of miscarriage in Diyala Province, Iraq. Routine screening for CMV in pregnant women, especially those with a history of miscarriage, is recommended to reduce potential risks and improve pregnancy outcomes.
Pain Management of Cow Before and After Cesarean Surgery
Authors: Hammoud Sura Shakir , Al-Dean Sumaya Loay Mohamed Shams , Jebur Mohammed Adil
Published: October 2024

Background: On-farm pain reduction treatments are used depending on whether or not they are feasible and how important they are to the producer. The Iraqi beef industry lacks understanding on the various methods of pain treatment. The aim is to management the pain in cows of caesarean section operation.  Method: This article provides an overview of agricultural pain techniques as well as producer pain mitigation strategies. A questionnaire covering calving and processing was given to one hundred cow–calf producers in the southern region of Iraq. Interviews on farms were semi-structured, and 25 people who had filled out the questionnaire were chosen to participate. Results: Between fifty and one hundred percent of respondents utilized cesarean pain relief. Reports. In most cases, pain medication was not offered. 66% of them employed branding, while just 7% focused on pain alleviation. The perception of pain by producers is influenced by factors such as common sense, relatability to cattle, visual evidence of suffering, and the age of the animal. The reason for reducing pain was impacted by factors such as the age of the animal, the benefits of operation, costs and logistics, market needs, and personal conscience. The management adhered to the norms of Iraq. Conclusion: The findings of this research might potentially provide future efforts in policy making, research, and extension with a route to follow in order to expand the adoption of pain reduction techniques.
Seminal Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels in Iraqi Males with Infertility: Exploring the Relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI)
Authors: Aziz Ali S. Abdul , El-Yassin Hedef Dhafir , Kadhem HK
Published: October 2024

Background: The investigation of the relationship between BMI and MDA levels in male infertility is pivotal for comprehending the underlying mechanisms of infertility, pinpointing potential therapeutic targets, and devising personalized approaches to enhance fertility outcomes in men. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to explore the correlation between MDA levels in seminal fluid and infertility in Iraqi males, along with its potential association with Body Mass Index (BMI). Methodology: Ninety males aged between twenty and forty-five were included in this cross-sectional study, all diagnosed with infertility by specialists at the infertility unit of Al-Batool Teaching Hospital between February 2022 and February 2023. The participants were categorized into three groups: the Normozoospermic Group (G1), the Asthenospermia Group (G2), and the Oligozoospermic Group (G3). Results: The distribution of age and BMI across the study groups (G1, G2, and G3) appeared to be uniform and not statistically significant, indicating more noticeable variations among the groups. However, waist circumference (WC) analysis suggested statistically significant differences among the groups, highlighting a non-negligible change in the frequency of obesity within the groups participating in the study. Between the study groups, there was no statistically significant difference in smoking habits. The seminal fluid MDA levels for G1 were significantly lower than those for G2 and G3. Additionally, Seminal plasma MDA levels and BMI showed a non-significant positive correlation. Conclusion: There is no correlation between BMI and MDA levels in male infertility.
The effects of the deterioration of water resources in the Euphrates River within the city district in Basra Governorate
Authors: Mohammed Hussam Abdulkareem Jassim , Al-Asadi Safaa Abdul Amir Rasham
Published: October 2024

The research dealt with the effects resulting from the quantitative and qualitative deterioration of the water of the Euphrates River in Basra Governorate, after the river was cut off by an earthen dam in the (Chibayish) district before entering the study area in 2012. The research dealt with the effects of the deterioration on human health and cases of poisoning caused by the increase in salt concentration in River water. The research also explains the impact of deterioration on aquatic organisms, agricultural production, and the shrinkage of agricultural areas in the north of Basra Governorate, and the impact of this on population migration and the subsequent impact on societal security in Basra Governorate in general, and the resulting deterioration of pressure on the infrastructure in The center of Basra Governorate, and the physical and chemical characteristics of the water of the Euphrates River in Basra Governorate are consistent with Iraqi and international standards.
The Impact of Hba1c Levels on Diabetic Patients' Sugar Control and Its Influence on Eye Health: Clinical Study
Authors: Fahad Ammar Adil
Published: October 2024

This study utilized a cross-sectional design to examine the effect of HbA1c levels on the regulation of blood sugar and its effects on eye health in a group of diabetic adults in Iraq. One hundred and fifty participants in all filled out a structured questionnaire that evaluated their comprehension of diabetes, methods for managing it, and knowledge of diabetic eye problems. The findings indicated that although most participants possessed a satisfactory overall comprehension of diabetes, a considerable number exhibited a deficiency in their grasp of the importance of HbA1c values and its connection to the regulation of blood sugar over an extended period. Participants utilized many ways to regulate their diabetes; however, their adherence to these methods was inconsistent. In addition, a significant number of participants were not regularly undergoing eye examinations to detect indicators of diabetic retinopathy, despite being aware of the possibility of eye-related issues. These findings indicate that there is a need for enhanced patient education, increased adherence to diabetes management regimens, and improved integration of eye care services within the overall diabetes care system to address the difficulties faced by this group. Enhancing these components has the potential to result in improved long-term results for patients with diabetes in Iraq. The study emphasizes the significance of comprehensive strategies for managing diabetes that give priority to both controlling blood sugar levels and preventing microvascular problems, such as diabetic retinopathy which can lead to visual loss.
Undergraduate nursing student's perception toward the nursing profession in Iraqi-Kurdistan. An exploratory study
Authors: Mustafa Zuhair Rushdi
Published: October 2024

Nursing students' perception towards the nursing profession is vital and has a positive impact on the successful recruitment, retention, and attrition of staff from the health care agencies. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of undergraduate nursing students toward the nursing profession in Iraq, particularly in the Kurdistan region. The study was conducted at the University of Duhok, a college of nursing in the Kurdistan Region. The researcher of the current study used Nursing Image as a Profession Questionnaire (NIPQ) for the purpose of data collection. Based on the analysis of the participant's responses, the results revealed that in general students have positive perceptions towards the nursing profession. The early twentieth age group students were more satisfied in nursing than the late twentieth age group. High school grades were regarded as the main reason for joining the faculty of nursing. Having a nurse friend or relative and a positive family reaction was perceived as positive influential factors for student enrollment in the nursing program. Few students had a very negative attitude and they attacked the nursing profession when talking with others. The current study concluded that students have positive perceptions towards the nursing profession in the four aspects of the description of the profession, social view perspectives, benefits of the nursing profession, and students' satisfaction in nursing.