bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water Sources in the Municipality of Torola, El Salvador, through In Situ Sorbent Extraction
Authors: Anticó Enriqueta , Cot Sergi , Ribó Alexandre , Rodríguez-Roda Ignasi , Fontàs Clàudia
Published: November 2017

The presence of heavy metals in water resources directly affects consumer health. The quality of surface water resources in Central America is usually low due to the presence of metals and other pollutants. The lack of analytical instrumentation to perform routine monitoring of water has encouraged the development of easy tools to facilitate the determination of heavy metals in waters in remote sites. In this study, we evaluated the use of different sorbents, such as Adsorbsia As600 (titanium dioxide), Iontosorb Oxin, 8-hydroxyquinoline bearing functional groups, and Duolite GT-73, with thiol functionality, for Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Al extraction. It was found that both Adsorbsia As600 and Iontosorb Oxin allowed the adsorption of all metals, and the recovery was achieved using either HCl or ethylenediaminetetraacetic sodium salt (EDTA) solutions. Hence, Adsorbsia As600 was employed for in situ sampling in the metal contamination evaluation of water samples (from 15 wells and nine storage tanks) from the municipality of Torola, Mozarán, El Salvador. The developed procedure allowed all the metals in the samples to be detected, and Ni and Al were found to be above Salvadoran guidelines for drinking water quality.
Search for Intra-day Optical Variability in Mrk 501
Authors: Feng Hai-Cheng , Liu H. T. , Fan X. L. , Zhao 赵 Yinghe 应和 , Bai J. M. , Wang Fang , Xiong D. R. , Li S. K.
Published: November 2017

We present our observations of the optical intra-day variability (IDV) in γ-ray BL Lac object Mrk 501. The observations were run with the 1.02 m and 2.4 m optical telescopes at Yunnan Observatories from 2005 April to 2012 May. The light curve at the R band on 2010 May 15 passes both variability tests (the F-test and the ANOVA test). A flare within the light curve on 2010 May 15 has a magnitude change of

mag, a darkening timescale of

minutes, and an amplitude of IDV

. A decline described by 11 consecutive flux measurements within the flare can be fitted linearly with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.945 at the confidence level of

. Under the assumptions that the IDV is tightly connected to the mass of the black hole, and that the flare duration, being two times

, is representative of the minimum characteristic timescale, we can derive upper bounds to the mass of the black hole. In the case of the Kerr black hole, the timescale of

hr gives

, which is consistent with measurements reported in the literature. This agreement indicates that the hypothesis about

and

is consistent with the measurements/data.
Constraints on the Distance Moduli, Helium, and Metal Abundances, and Ages of Globular Clusters from Their RR Lyrae and Non-variable Horizontal Branch Stars. II. Multiple Stellar Populations in 47 Tuc, M3, and M13
Authors: Denissenkov Pavel A. , VandenBerg Don A. , Kopacki Grzegorz , Ferguson Jason W.
Published: November 2017

We present a new set of horizontal branch (HB) models computed with the MESA stellar evolution code. The models adopt α-enhanced Asplund et al. metal mixtures and include the gravitational settling of He. They are used in our HB population synthesis tool to generate theoretical distributions of HB stars in order to describe the multiple stellar populations in the globular clusters 47 Tuc, M3, and M13. The observed HB in 47 Tuc is reproduced very well by our simulations for

and

if the initial helium mass fraction varies by

, and approximately 21%, 37%, and 42% of the stars have

, 0.270, and 0.287, respectively. These simulations yield

, implying an age near 13.0 Gyr. In the case of M3 and M13, our synthetic HBs for

and

match the observed ones quite well if M3 has

and

, resulting in an age of 12.6 Gyr, whereas M13 has

and

, implying an age of 12.9 Gyr. Mass loss during giant branch evolution and

appear to be the primary second parameters for M3 and M13. New observations for seven of the nine known RR Lyrae in M13 are also reported. Surprisingly, periods predicted for the c-type variables tend to be too high (by up to ∼0.1 days).
High-redshift Galaxies and Black Holes Detectable with the JWST: A Population Synthesis Model from Infrared to X-Rays
Authors: Volonteri Marta , Reines Amy E. , Atek Hakim , Stark Daniel P. , Trebitsch Maxime
Published: November 2017

The first billion years of the Universe has been a pivotal time: stars, black holes (BHs), and galaxies formed and assembled, sowing the seeds of galaxies as we know them today. Detecting, identifying, and understanding the first galaxies and BHs is one of the current observational and theoretical challenges in galaxy formation. In this paper we present a population synthesis model aimed at galaxies, BHs, and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at high redshift. The model builds a population based on empirical relations. The spectral energy distribution of galaxies is determined by age and metallicity, and that of AGNs by BH mass and accretion rate. We validate the model against observations, and predict properties of galaxies and AGN in other wavelength and/or luminosity ranges, estimating the contamination of stellar populations (normal stars and high-mass X-ray binaries) for AGN searches from the infrared to X-rays, and vice versa for galaxy searches. For high-redshift galaxies with stellar ages

, we find that disentangling stellar and AGN emission is challenging at restframe UV/optical wavelengths, while high-mass X-ray binaries become more important sources of confusion in X-rays. We propose a color–color selection in the James Webb Space Telescope bands to separate AGN versus star-dominated galaxies in photometric observations. We also estimate the AGN contribution, with respect to massive, hot, and metal-poor stars, at driving high-ionization lines, such as C iv and He ii. Finally, we test the influence of the minimum BH mass and occupation fraction of BHs in low-mass galaxies on the restframe UV/near-IR and X-ray AGN luminosity function.
Type II Supernova Light Curves and Spectra from the CfA
Authors: Hicken Malcolm , Friedman Andrew S. , Blondin Stephane , Challis Peter , Berlind Perry , Calkins Mike , Esquerdo Gil , Matheson Thomas , Modjaz Maryam , Rest Armin , Kirshner Robert P.
Published: November 2017

We present multiband photometry of 60 spectroscopically confirmed supernovae (SNe): 39 SNe II/IIP, 19 IIn, 1 IIb, and 1 that was originally classified as a IIn but later as a Ibn. Of these, 46 have only optical photometry, 6 have only near-infrared (NIR) photometry, and 8 have both optical and NIR. The median redshift of the sample is 0.016. We also present 195 optical spectra for 48 of the 60 SN. There are 26 optical and 2 NIR light curves of SNe II/IIP with redshifts

, some of which may give rise to useful distances for cosmological applications. All photometry was obtained between 2000 and 2011 at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO), via the 1.2 m and 1.3 m PAIRITEL telescopes for the optical and NIR, respectively. Each SN was observed in a subset of the

bands. There are a total of 2932 optical and 816 NIR light curve points. Optical spectra were obtained using the FLWO 1.5 m Tillinghast telescope with the FAST spectrograph and the MMT Telescope with the Blue Channel Spectrograph. Our photometry is in reasonable agreement with select samples from the literature: two-thirds of our star sequences have average V offsets within ±0.02 mag and roughly three-quarters of our light curves have average differences within ±0.04 mag. The data from this work and the literature will provide insight into SN II explosions, help with developing methods for photometric SN classification, and contribute to their use as cosmological distance indicators.
The Maximum Entropy Limit of Small-scale Magnetic Field Fluctuations in the Quiet Sun
Authors: Gorobets A. Y. , Berdyugina S. V. , Riethmüller T. L. , Rodríguez J. Blanco , Solanki S. K. , Barthol P. , Gandorfer A. , Gizon L. , Hirzberger J. , Noort M. van , Del Toro Iniesta J. C. , Suárez D. Orozco , Schmidt W. , Pillet V. Martínez , Knölker M.
Published: November 2017

The observed magnetic field on the solar surface is characterized by a very complex spatial and temporal behavior. Although feature-tracking algorithms have allowed us to deepen our understanding of this behavior, subjectivity plays an important role in the identification and tracking of such features. In this paper, we continue studies of the temporal stochasticity of the magnetic field on the solar surface without relying either on the concept of magnetic features or on subjective assumptions about their identification and interaction. We propose a data analysis method to quantify fluctuations of the line-of-sight magnetic field by means of reducing the temporal field’s evolution to the regular Markov process. We build a representative model of fluctuations converging to the unique stationary (equilibrium) distribution in the long time limit with maximum entropy. We obtained different rates of convergence to the equilibrium at fixed noise cutoff for two sets of data. This indicates a strong influence of the data spatial resolution and mixing-polarity fluctuations on the relaxation process. The analysis is applied to observations of magnetic fields of the relatively quiet areas around an active region carried out during the second flight of the Sunrise/IMaX and quiet Sun areas at the disk center from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory satellite.
A Catalog of 44 GHz Methanol Masers in Massive Star-forming Regions. IV. The High-mass Protostellar Object Sample
Authors: Rodríguez-Garza C. B. , Kurtz S. E. , Gómez-Ruiz A. I. , Hofner P. , Araya E. D. , Kalenskii S. V.
Published: November 2017

We present a survey of 56 massive star-forming regions in the 44 GHz methanol maser transition made with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA); 24 of the 56 fields showed maser emission. The data allow us to demonstrate associations, at arcsecond precision, of the Class I maser emission with outflows, H ii regions, and shocks traced by 4.5 μm emission. We find a total of 83 maser components with line widths ranging from 0.17 to 3.3 km s−1, with a nearly flat distribution and a median value of 1.1 km s−1. The relative velocities of the masers with respect to the systemic velocity of the host clouds range from −2.5 to 3.1 km s−1, with a distribution peaking near zero. We also study the correlation between the masers and the so-called extended green objects (EGOs) from the GLIMPSE survey. Multiple sources in each field are revealed from IR images as well as from centimeter continuum emission from VLA archival data; in the majority of cases the 44 GHz masers are positionally correlated with EGOs, which seem to trace the younger sources in the fields. We report a possible instance of a 44 GHz maser associated with a low-mass protostar. If confirmed, this region will be the fifth known star-forming region that hosts Class I masers associated with low-mass protostars. We discuss three plausible cases of maser variability.
Searching for Hot Subdwarf Stars from the LAMOST Spectra. I. Method
Authors: Bu Yude , Lei Zhenxin , Zhao Gang , Bu Jingde , Pan Jingchang
Published: November 2017

Hot subdwarf stars are core He burning stars located at the blue end of the horizontal branch, which is also known as the extreme horizontal branch. The study of hot subdwarf stars is important for understanding stellar astrophysics, globular clusters, and galaxies. Presently, some problems associated with hot subdwarf stars are still unclear. To better study the properties of these stars, we should find more hot subdwarf stars to enlarge the sample size. The traditional method of searching for hot subdwarfs from the large data sets is based on the color cuts followed by visual inspection. This method is not suitable for the data set without homogeneous colors, such as the spectra obtained by the Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). In this paper, we present a new method of searching for hot subdwarf stars in large spectroscopic surveys using a machine learning algorithm, the hierarchical extreme learning machine (HELM) algorithm. We have applied the HELM algorithm to the spectra from the LAMOST survey, and classification errors are considerably small: for the single hot subdwarf stars, accuracy = 0.92 and efficiency - 0.96; and for the hot subdwarf binaries, accuracy = 0.80 and efficiency = 0.71. A comparison of the HELM and other popular algorithms shows that HELM is accurate and efficient in classifying hot subdwarf stars. This method provides a new tool for searching for hot subdwarf stars in large spectroscopic surveys.
MASTER Optical Detection of the First LIGO/Virgo Neutron Star Binary Merger GW170817
Authors: Lipunov V. M. , Gorbovskoy E. , Kornilov V. G. , Tyurina N . , Balanutsa P. , Kuznetsov A. , Vlasenko D. , Kuvshinov D. , Gorbunov I. , Buckley D. A. H. , Krylov A. V. , Podesta R. , Lopez C. , Podesta F. , Levato H. , Saffe C. , Mallamachi C. , Potter S. , Budnev N. M. , Gress O. , Ishmuhametova Yu. , Vladimirov V. , Zimnukhov D. , Yurkov V. , Sergienko Yu. , Gabovich A. , Rebolo R. , Serra-Ricart M. , Israelyan G. , Chazov V. , Wang Xiaofeng , Tlatov A. , Panchenko M. I.
Published: November 2017

Following the discovery of the gravitational-wave source GW170817 by three Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo antennae (Abbott et al., 2017a), the MASTER Global Robotic Net telescopes obtained the first image of the NGC 4993 host galaxy. An optical transient, MASTER OTJ130948.10-232253.3/SSS17a was later found, which appears to be a kilonova resulting from the merger of two neutron stars (NSs). Here we describe this independent detection and photometry of the kilonova made in white light, and in B, V, and R filters. We note that the luminosity of this kilonova in NGC 4993 is very close to those measured for other kilonovae possibly associated with gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130603 and GRB 080503.
ALMA Observations of SMM11 Reveal an Extremely Young Protostar in Serpens Main Cluster
Authors: Aso Yusuke , Ohashi Nagayoshi , Aikawa Yuri , Machida Masahiro N. , Saigo Kazuya , Saito Masao , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Tomida Kengo , Tomisaka Kohji , Yen Hsi-Wei , Williams Jonathan P.
Published: November 2017

We report the discovery of an extremely young protostar, SMM11, located in the associated submillimeter condensation in the Serpens Main cluster using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) during its Cycle 3 at 1.3 mm and an angular resolution of

. SMM11 is a Class 0 protostar without any counterpart at 70 μm or shorter wavelengths. The ALMA observations show 1.3 mm continuum emission associated with a collimated 12CO bipolar outflow. Spitzer and Herschel data show that SMM11 is extremely cold (

26 K) and faint (

0.9

). We estimate the inclination angle of the outflow to be

, almost parallel to the plane of the sky, from simple fitting using a wind-driven-shell model. The continuum visibilities consist of Gaussian and power-law components, suggesting a spherical envelope with a radius of ∼600 au around the protostar. The estimated low C18O abundance, X(C18O) = 1.5–3

, is also consistent with its youth. The high outflow velocity, a few 10

at a few 1000 au, is much higher than theoretical simulations of first hydrostatic cores, and we suggest that SMM11 is a transitional object right after the second collapse of the first core.
Perceptions and participation in community radio stations in Nariño-Colombia
Authors: Martínez-Roa Omar-Gerardo , Ortega-Erazo Elsy-Genith
Published: November 2017

This work investigates the relationships between community radio and their audiences in the Department of Nariño, Colombia, considering Latin American and European experiences, and participation as a key element for social sustainability. The aim is to investigate whether the participation of citizens in the production, diffusion and radio management has been supported or not. Methodologically, we follow a mixed design that combined the results of two questionnaires: one, applied to 632 people from eleven municipalities; and the second, to eleven directors of communal stations. This was complemented with information provided by eleven groups composed of radio broadcasters, publishers and producers. One key finding within the audiences is that they recognize a radio station as a tool to enhance sociocultural dynamics in the region. As to the directors of stations, it was found that they didn't encourage active participation with communities. It seems that the absence of active and critical participation on the part of the audiences is due to an organizational and radio production model that mirrors the commercial one. In conclusion, these factors have limited the construction of democratic relations between communal broadcasters and their audiences; and especially, reduced the possibilities for citizens to participate as valid interlocutors in a local communicational project.

El presente trabajo indaga sobre las relaciones entre las emisoras comunitarias y sus audiencias, en el Departamento de Nariño en Colombia, en el contexto de experiencias latinoamericanas y europeas, desde una perspectiva de participación, como elemento clave para la sostenibilidad social. Interesa observar cómo los ciudadanos se han propiciado o no de la producción, difusión y gestión radiofónica. Metodológicamente se trabajó desde un diseño mixto que trianguló los resultados de dos cuestionarios: uno, aplicado a una muestra de 632 personas de once municipios, y otro, a once directores de emisoras comunitarias. Esto se complementó con la información de once grupos focales integrados por locutores, editores y realizadores de radio. Uno de los hallazgos más relevantes, en las audiencias, fue el reconocer la emisora como un medio que puede potenciar dinámicas socioculturales en la región. Por su parte, en los directores, se encontró que han agenciado incipientes procesos de participación con las comunidades. Se infiere que existe una deficiente capacidad reflexiva y crítica en las audiencias, esto debido a que la mayoría de emisoras han adoptado el modelo organizativo y de producción de la radio comercial. Se concluye que estos factores han afectado la construcción de relaciones democráticas entre las audiencias y las emisoras comunitarias, y en especial, las posibilidades de participación de los ciudadanos como interlocutores válidos en un proyecto comunicativo.
Topor : bête et méchant ? Roland Topor et la bande Hara-Kiri
Authors: Mazurier Stéphane
Published: November 2017

Si Roland Topor n’a collaboré à Hara-Kiri que cinq ans, entre 1961 et 1966, c’est pour ce journal qu’il a produit le plus de dessins. Il y a forgé son style et a commencé à y gagner une certaine notoriété. Soucieux de tracer sa propre trajectoire et refusant de limiter son œuvre au dessin de presse, il quitte Hara-Kiri , mais continue à fréquenter les mêmes réseaux culturels que plusieurs dessinateurs du mensuel, notamment Wolinski et Willem. Il retrouve ainsi cette « bande Hara-Kiri  » dans le champ de l’édition (chez Pauvert ou Losfeld), de la presse ( L’Enragé , Le Fou parle , Charlie mensuel ), et même de la télévision ( Merci Bernard , Palace ). Figure singulière d’ Hara-Kiri , Topor en est à la fois l’une des plus brillantes et un acteur marginal, périphérique – le seul peut-être qui n’ait pas accepté la tutelle de Cavanna.
Le « bobo » dans sa vi(ll)e
Authors: Corbillé Sophie
Published: November 2017

Depuis une quinzaine d’années, une catégorie est extrêmement présente dans la vie parisienne, celle de « bourgeois-bohème » ou « bobo » et toutes sortes de personnes en font désormais un usage régulier et banal. On assiste même à une sorte de saturation des discours au point qu’il semble difficile d’y échapper. Comment cette catégorie a-t-elle été créée ? Comment circule-t-elle entre les espaces journalistique, marchand et politique, mais aussi dans celui de la vie ordinaire ? De quelles représentations est-elle porteuse et productrice ? Comment fonctionne-t-elle ? Autrement dit, de quoi le « bobo » est-il le nom ? En menant une analyse des discours sur et autour de cette figure et suscités par elle depuis sa création en 2000, nous verrons qu’elle vient révéler les compétitions sociales et symboliques qui se jouent au sein de la société française et parisienne et qu’elle fonctionne comme une mythologie.
Probiotic bacteria cell walls stimulate the activity of the intestinal epithelial cells and macrophage functionality
Authors: Lemme-Dumit J.M. , Polti M.A. , Perdigón G. , Galdeano C. Maldonado
Published: November 2017

The effect of oral administration of probiotic bacteria cell walls (PBCWs) in the stimulation of the immune system in healthy BALB/c mice was evaluated. We focused our investigation mainly on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) which are essential for coordinating an adequate mucosal immune response and on the functionality of macrophages. The probiotic bacteria and their cell walls were able to stimulate the IECs exhibiting an important activation and cytokine releases. Supplementation with PBCWs promoted macrophage activation from peritoneum and spleen, indicating that the PBCWs oral administration was able to improve the functionality of the macrophages. In addition, the PBCWs increased immunoglobulin A (IgA)-producing cells in the gut lamina propria in a similar way to probiotic bacteria, but this supplementation did not have an effect on the population of goblet cells in the small intestine epithelium. These results indicate that the probiotic bacteria and their cell walls have an important immunoregulatory effect on the IECs without altering the homeostatic environment but with an increase in IgA+ producing cells and in the innate immune cells, mainly those distant from the gut such as spleen and peritoneum. These findings about the capacity of the cell walls from probiotic bacteria to stimulate key cells, such as IECs and macrophages, and to improve the functioning of the immune system, suggest that those structures could be applied as a new oral adjuvant.
Inhibitory effect of biofilm-forming Lactobacillus kunkeei strains against virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in honeycomb moth (Galleria mellonella) infection model
Authors: Berríos P. , Fuentes J.A. , Salas D. , Carreño A. , Aldea P. , Fernández F. , Trombert A.N.
Published: November 2017

Biofilms correspond to complex communities of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix. Biofilm lifestyle predominates in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic Gram negative pathogen responsible for a wide spectrum of infections in humans, plants and animals. In this context, anti-biofilm can be considered a key strategy to control P. aeruginosa infections, thereby more research in the field is required. On the other hand, Lactobacillus species have been described as beneficial due to their anti-biofilm properties and their consequent effect against a wide spectrum of pathogens. In fact, biofilm-forming Lactobacilli seem to be more efficient than their planktonic counterpart to antagonise pathogenic bacteria. In this work, we demonstrated that Lactobacillus kunkeei, a novel Lactobacillus species isolated from honeybee guts, can form biofilms in vitro. In addition, the L. kunkeei biofilm can, in turn, inhibit the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilms. Finally, we found that L. kunkeei strains attenuate infection of P. aeruginosa in the Galleria mellonella model, presumably by affecting P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and/or their stability. Since L. kunkeei presents characteristics of a probiotic, this work provides evidence arguing that the use of this Lactobacillus species in both animals (including insects) and humans could contribute to impair P. aeruginosa biofilm formation.
Contribución al conocimiento de la biodiversidad fúngica del Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido II
Authors: Pancorbo F. , Ribes M. A. , Esteve-Raventós F. , Hernanz J. , Olariaga I. , Daniëls P. P. , Hereza A. , Sánchez S. , Mateo J. F. , Serrano F.
Published: November 2017

En este trabajo se continúa con la revisión taxonómica de las especies recolectadas durante la campaña de 2015 en el Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido. Se añaden al catálogo previo 409 taxones, algunos de ellos de ecología alpina-subalpina, de los cuales el 76% corresponde al phylum Basidiomycota y el 22,2% al Ascomycota. Se presentan en forma de listado, y a continuación una selección de 20 descripciones taxonómicas completas, que corresponden con especies interesantes, poco frecuentes y posiblemente nuevas en el territorio peninsular. De las especies estudiadas se han encontrado seis que han sido propuestas para el inventario de especies protegidas de la península ibérica y/o Aragón.
Se presenta en este trabajo una primera aproximación, a modo de punta de lanza para evaluaciones posteriores, del grado de conservación de algunos hayedos del Parque a través de la ocurrencia de especies indicadoras.
L'Écosse et la tentation de l'indépendance
Authors: Camp-Pietrain Edwige
Published: November 2017

Le 18 septembre 2014, le gouvernement d'Alex Salmond organisera un référendum d’autodétermination en Écosse. L’indépendance marquerait la fin de la Grande-Bretagne issue d’une Union entre Angleterre et Écosse en 1707, la nation écossaise recouvrant sa souveraineté, en toute légalité.
Les origines des revendications indépendantistes sont analysées. Elles sont portées par le Scottish National Party, arrivé au pouvoir grâce à la dévolution, une autonomie élargie concédée par le Parlement britannique. Ce processus est singulier : non seulement le SNP s’en tient à la voie des urnes, dans le respect de la législation existante, mais, qui plus est, loin de prôner un repli identitaire, il se veut ouvert sur le monde.
Un panorama des enjeux de ce débat est également dressé, tant pour l’Écosse que pour le reste du Royaume-Uni. Il concerne autant la viabilité économique d’un État ayant pléthore de ressources naturelles (en particulier du pétrole) que son insertion dans le concert des nations. Le SNP défend son programme, social-démocrate et néolibéral, pacifiste, contre le nucléaire et pro-européen. Les trois partis britanniques dénoncent les risques pour les Écossais, sans contester l’existence de la nation.
Ce livre, qui devrait intéresser les étudiants d’anglais (LLCE et LEA) et de sciences politiques (IEP), s’adresse à un large public, car il traite d’une question d’actualité, axée sur un cadre négocié d’accession à l’indépendance dans l’une des plus vieilles démocraties occidentales.
Disruption of Thrombocyte and T Lymphocyte Development by a Mutation in ARPC1B
Authors: Somech Raz , Lev Atar , Lee Yu Nee , Simon Amos J. , Barel Ortal , Schiby Ginette , Avivi Camila , Barshack Iris , Rhodes Michele , Yin Jiejing , Wang Minshi , Yang Yibin , Rhodes Jennifer , Marcus Nufar , Garty Ben-Zion , Stein Jerry , Amariglio Ninette , Rechavi Gideon , Wiest David L. , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2017

Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is crucial for normal development and function of the immune system, as evidenced by the severe immune abnormalities exhibited by patients bearing inactivating mutations in the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), a key regulator of actin dynamics. WASP exerts its effects on actin dynamics through a multisubunit complex termed Arp2/3. Despite the critical role played by Arp2/3 as an effector of WASP-mediated control over actin polymerization, mutations in protein components of the Arp2/3 complex had not previously been identified as a cause of immunodeficiency. Here, we describe two brothers with hematopoietic and immunologic symptoms reminiscent of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS). However, these patients lacked mutations in any of the genes previously associated with WAS. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a homozygous 2 bp deletion, n.c.G623DEL-TC (p.V208VfsX20), in Arp2/3 complex component ARPC1B that causes a frame shift resulting in premature termination. Modeling of the disease in zebrafish revealed that ARPC1B plays a critical role in supporting T cell and thrombocyte development. Moreover, the defects in development caused by ARPC1B loss could be rescued by the intact human ARPC1B ortholog, but not by the p.V208VfsX20 variant identified in the patients. Moreover, we found that the expression of ARPC1B is restricted to hematopoietic cells, potentially explaining why a mutation in ARPC1B has now been observed as a cause of WAS, whereas mutations in other, more widely expressed, components of the Arp2/3 complex have not been observed.
Ubc9 Binds to ADAP and Is Required for Rap1 Membrane Recruitment, Rac1 Activation, and Integrin-Mediated T Cell Adhesion
Authors: Xiong Yiwei , Ye Chengjin , Yang Naiqi , Li Madanqi , Liu Hebin
Published: November 2017

Although the immune adaptor adhesion and degranulation-promoting adaptor protein (ADAP) acts as a key mediator of integrin inside-out signaling leading to T cell adhesion, the regulation of this adaptor during integrin activation and clustering remains unclear. We now identify Ubc9, the sole small ubiquitin-related modifier E2 conjugase, as an essential regulator of ADAP where it is required for TCR-induced membrane recruitment of the small GTPase Rap1 and its effector protein RapL and for activation of the small GTPase Rac1 in T cell adhesion. We show that Ubc9 interacted directly with ADAP in vitro and in vivo, and the association was increased in response to anti-CD3 stimulation. The Ubc9-binding domain on ADAP was mapped to a nuclear localization sequence (aa 674–700) within ADAP. Knockdown of Ubc9 by short hairpin RNA or expression of the Ubc9-binding–deficient ADAP mutant significantly decreased TCR-induced integrin adhesion to ICAM-1 and fibronectin, as well as LFA-1 clustering, although it had little effect on the TCR proximal signaling responses and TCR-induced IL-2 transcription. Furthermore, downregulation of Ubc9 impaired TCR-mediated Rac1 activation and attenuated the membrane targeting of Rap1 and RapL, but not Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that Ubc9 acts as a functional binding partner of ADAP and plays a selective role in integrin-mediated T cell adhesion via modulation of Rap1-RapL membrane recruitment and Rac1 activation.
Cutting Edge: Processing of Oxidized Peptides in Macrophages Regulates T Cell Activation and Development of Autoimmune Arthritis
Authors: Yang Min , Haase Claus , Viljanen Johan , Xu Bingze , Ge Changrong , Kihlberg Jan , Holmdahl Rikard
Published: November 2017

APCs are known to produce NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2–derived reactive oxygen species; however, whether and how NOX2-mediated oxidation affects redox-sensitive immunogenic peptides remains elusive. In this study, we investigated a major immunogenic peptide in glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI), a potential autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis, which can form internal disulfide bonds. Ag presentation assays showed that presentation of this G6PI peptide was more efficient in NOX2-deficient (Ncf1m1J/m1J mutant) mice, compared with wild-type controls. IFN-γ–inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT), which facilitates disulfide bond–containing Ag processing, was found to be upregulated in macrophages from Ncf1 mutant mice. Ncf1 mutant mice exhibited more severe G6PI peptide-induced arthritis, which was accompanied by the increased GILT expression in macrophages and enhanced Ag-specific T cell responses. Our results show that NOX2-dependent processing of the redox-sensitive autoantigens by APCs modify T cell activity and development of autoimmune arthritis.
TIM-3 Engagement Promotes Effector Memory T Cell Differentiation of Human Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells by Activating mTORC1
Authors: Sabins Nina Chi , Chornoguz Olesya , Leander Karen , Kaplan Fred , Carter Richard , Kinder Michelle , Bachman Kurtis , Verona Raluca , Shen Shixue , Bhargava Vipul , Santulli-Marotto Sandra
Published: November 2017

T cell expression of TIM-3 following Ag encounter has been associated with a continuum of functional states ranging from effector memory T cells to exhaustion. We have designed an in vitro culture system to specifically address the impact of anti–TIM-3/TIM-3 engagement on human Ag-specific CD8 T cells during a normal response to Ag and found that anti–TIM-3 treatment enhances T cell function. In our in vitro T cell culture system, MART1-specific CD8 T cells were expanded from healthy donors using artificial APCs. To ensure that the T cells were the only source of TIM-3, cells were rechallenged with peptide-loaded artificial APCs in the presence of anti–TIM-3 Ab. In these conditions, anti–TIM-3 treatment promotes generation of effector T cells as shown by acquisition of an activated phenotype, increased cytokine production, enhanced proliferation, and a transcription program associated with T cell differentiation. Activation of mTORC1 has been previously demonstrated to enhance CD8 T cell effector function and differentiation. Anti–TIM-3 drives CD8 T cell differentiation through activation of the mTORC1 as evidenced by increased levels of phosphorylated S6 protein and rhebl1 transcript. Altogether these findings suggest that anti–TIM-3, together with Ag, drives differentiation in favor of effector T cells via the activation of mTOR pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that TIM-3 engagement during Ag stimulation directly influences T cell differentiation through mTORC1.
Relative Riemann–Hilbert correspondence in dimension one
Authors: Fernandes Teresa Monteiro , Sabbah Claude
Published: November 2017

We prove that, in relative dimension one, the functor RH

^S

constructed in a previous work ([9]) as a right quasi-inverse of the solution functor from the bounded derived category of relative

\mathcal D

-modules with regular holonomic cohomology to that of complexes with relative constructible cohomology satisfies the left quasi-inverse property in a generic sense.
Corrigendum and addendum to ‘‘Hierarchic control for a coupled parabolic system’’, Portugaliae Math. 73 (2016), 2: 115–137
Authors: Hernández-Santamaría Víctor , de Teresa Luz , Poznyak Alexander
Published: November 2017

In [2] we used three controls for a system of two coupled parabolic equations. We defined three functionals to be minimized and a hierarchy on the controls obtaining from the optimality condition a system of six coupled equations. In order to prove the null controllability, by means of the leader control acting only on the first equation, we give a proof of a Carleman inequality (Proposition 6.4) that in fact is incorrect. In this corrigendum we slightly modify the followers functionals given by (3) page 118 [2] in such a way that for the corresponding hierarchic system a correct Carleman inequality can be proved. This modification allows to introduce a coefficient

a_{12}\not=0

(

a_{12}

was zero in [2]).
El primer año de Universidad. Una experiencia positiva de transición
Authors: Sierra Martínez Silvia
Published: November 2017

Recensión del libro: El primer año de Universidad. Una experiencia positiva de transición

Autor: Bill Johnston
ISBN: 978-84-277-1910-1
Editorial: Narcea
Año de edición: 2013
Nº Edición: 1ª
Nº páginas: 155
Idioma: Español
El rol de las e-rúbricas en la evaluación de materiales digitales para la enseñanza de lenguas en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje
Authors: Vázquez-Cano Esteban , Martín-Monje Elena , Fernández-Álvarez Miguel
Published: November 2017

Presentamos en este artículo una investigación en la que analizamos la funcionalidad de las e-rúbricas en procesos de coevaluación, en la evaluación de materiales digitales enfocados a la enseñanza de lenguas y en la evaluación de destrezas lingüísticas desde el principio del trabajo colaborativo y cooperativo de 40 estudiantes que cursan el "Máster universitario en tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la enseñanza y tratamiento de lenguas" de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED). A través de una concepción metodológica basada en la investigación-acción colaborativa virtual, aplicamos un procedimiento de análisis con una doble vertiente cualitativa mediante el empleo del programa Atlas-Ti y del enfoque reticular-categorial del análisis de redes sociales con la aplicación de UCINET y el visor yED Graph Editor. Este procedimiento metodológico nos permite entender la forma y estructura de esas relaciones como un todo, lo que favorece el entendimiento de los mecanismos causales que subyacen en las consideraciones de los estudiantes a través de las opiniones no controladas ni moderadas en foros educativos; permitiéndonos descubrir pautas de interacción ocultas. Los resultados muestran que el empleo de e-rúbricas optimiza la autoevaluación, la pertinencia de los criterios de evaluación, la observación de la funcionalidad y utilidad del formato y conectividad de los elementos audiovisuales de los materiales digitales en red. Asimismo, resultan bastante eficaces en la observación de indicadores de la productividad y destrezas lingüísticas; especialmente, en aspectos como la producción oral y escrita de la lengua y en procesos gramaticales y léxicos.
El uso del e-portafolios en las prácticas del Bàtxelor en Enfermería.
Authors: Esqué Boldú Sara , Gisbert Cervera Mercè , Larraz Rada Virginia
Published: November 2017

El e-portafolios usado como herramienta en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, ofrece oportunidades de reflexión del estudiante para conseguir una mejora en el transcurso de su propio proceso de aprendizaje. Esta potente herramienta, acompaña el proceso en la consecución de los requerimientos de cambio asegurando la fuerte implicación por parte del estudiante, aumentando el conocimiento del propio aprendizaje y haciendo hincapié en la promoción y desarrollo de la evaluación basada en competencias.
El e-portafolios se ha implementado en los estudios de enfermería de la Universitat d’Andorra en todas las asignaturas de prácticas. Prevé una serie de actividades que permiten guiar y acompañar en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, así como evidenciar el progreso de logros del estudiante en el contexto de sus prácticas clínicas a modo transversal y longitudinal a lo largo de los estudios de primer ciclo universitarios de enfermería.
En este trabajo, se analiza un grupo de 25 estudiantes de primer curso del Bàtxelor1 en Enfermería, donde se muestra la importancia de la tutorización y seguimiento del estudiante durante las prácticas clínicas, tanto para ofrecer orientaciones en las actividades como para aportar continuidad y acompañamiento. Esta tutorización ofrece la oportunidad de reflexionar de manera continua sobre las actividades y la vivencia en situaciones reales que le suponen nuevos planteamientos, dudas y por tanto evolución y progreso. Los resultados demuestran la alta participación, la constancia de los estudiantes y el progreso a lo largo de las prácticas clínicas.
¿Qué dicen los profesores universitarios de ciencias sobre el contenido, metodología y evaluación? Análisis desde la acción educativa
Authors: Ravanal Moreno Eduardo , Camacho González Johanna , Escobar Celis Loreto , Jara Colicoy Natalia
Published: November 2017

El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las creencias del profesorado universitario de ciencias sobre el contenido, la metodología y la evaluación. Para tal fin primero se aplicó un cuestionario tipo Likert a 13 docentes universitario, el análisis de los datos se realizó desde una perspectiva descriptiva e interpretativa. Luego, se realizó un estudio de caso, de manera de indagar acerca de las creencias identificadas y cómo estás se relacionaban con la acción educativa, estos datos fueron obtenidos a través de la observación no participante de 2 lecciones de clase y posteriormente, sometidos a un análisis del contenido, utilizando el software Atlas ti. Los principales resultados, revelan que la acción educativa está orientada a enseñar el saber académico propio de la disciplina. Estos antecedentes preliminares, demuestran la existencia de creencias sobre contenido, metodología y evaluación desde perspectivas tradicionales, las cuales fueron construidas a partir de la experiencia, como se aprecia en el caso analizado. Dichas creencias son las que definen y sustentan, de manera consciente o no, la acción educativa de los profesores universitarios de ciencias. Aspecto relevante que llama a la necesidad de incorporar una fundamentación teórica que contribuya a comprender la acción educativa en el profesorado universitario.
Rúbricas y autorregulación: pautas para promover una cultura de la autonomía en la formación profesional
Authors: De la Cruz Flores Gabriela , Abreu Hernández Luis Felipe
Published: November 2017

Los actuales modelos educativos basados en el desarrollo de competencias, enfatizan los procesos de autorregulación en el estudiantado, los cuales sustentan el desarrollo de habilidades para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida y la mejora continua del desempeño profesional. Las rúbricas son instrumentos de formación y evaluación, que pueden servir como herramientas para generar procesos de autorregulación creciente, a la vez que reducen gradualmente los apoyos externos. El presente artículo propone una estrategia metodológica para favorecer la autorregulación de los estudiantes mediante el uso de rúbricas, para ello se discuten tres elementos clave que coadyuvan a dicho proceso: la práctica reflexiva, el aprendizaje colaborativo y la realimentación que pares y docentes aportan al proceso de aprendizaje. El diseño y uso de las rúbricas en educación superior demanda: la alineación con el currículum; la coordinación con otras asignaturas en los distintos tramos formativos; el trabajo colegiado y la reflexión crítica en torno a las prácticas de formación. Asimismo debe favorecer la construcción de situaciones de aprendizaje que transitan desde zonas de mayor control y certidumbre hacia zonas de mayor complejidad e incertidumbre, lo cual conduce a los estudiantes hacia situaciones cercanas al desempeño profesional en condiciones auténticas. Se concluye con una serie de reflexiones en torno a la generación de una cultura en la formación profesional que promueve mayor autonomía y responsabilidad de los estudiantes con su propio aprendizaje. 
Museums and Modernity
Authors: Prior Nick
Published: November 2017

Short-listed for the Philip Abrams Memorial Prize 2003 Museums have been the subject of intense debate in recent years and their history and development raise important questions. What was modern about the art museum? Why did museums emerge when and where they did? How were museums involved with the development of modern art worlds? What was the relationship between art galleries and their audiences and who were the key people involved with their inception? Focusing on the role of national art galleries in continental Europe, England and Scotland, this book explores in depth the interrelationship between artistic and exhibitionary forms, as well as between power and governance in those places where the roots of modern culture were being laid most visibly. Drawing upon debates concerning modernity, Prior investigates how the boundaries of art and culture have been determined within the museum world. In particular, he looks at the interface between the project of the nation and the gallery and how galleries were involved in making certain social groups or bodies feel at home and others excluded.
Hemispheric asymmetry in stratospheric NO2 trends
Authors: Yela Margarita , Gil-Ojeda Manuel , Navarro-Comas Mónica , Gonzalez-Bartolomé David , Puentedura Olga , Funke Bernd , Iglesias Javier , Rodríguez Santiago , García Omaira , Ochoa Héctor , Deferrari Guillermo
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Over 20 years of stratospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD) data from ground-based zenith DOAS spectrometers were used for trend analysis, specifically, via multiple linear regression. Spectrometers from the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) cover the subtropical latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere (Izaña, 28° N), the southern Subantarctic (Ushuaia, 55° S) and Antarctica (Marambio, 64° S, and Belgrano, 78° S). The results show that for the period 1993–2014, a mean positive decadal trend of +8.7 % was found in the subtropical Northern Hemisphere stations, and negative decadal trends of −8.7 and −13.8 % were found in the Southern Hemisphere at Ushuaia and Marambio, respectively; all trends are statistically significant at 95 %. Belgrano only shows a significant decadal trend of −11.3 % in the summer/autumn period. Most of the trends result from variations after 2005. The trend in the diurnal build-up per hour (DBU) was used to estimate the change in the rate of N2O5 conversion to NO2 during the day. With minor differences, the results reproduce those obtained for NO2. The trends computed for individual months show large month-to-month variability. At Izaña, the maximum occurs in December (+13.1 %), dropping abruptly to lower values in the first part of the year. In the Southern Hemisphere, the polar vortex dominates the monthly distributions of the trends. At Marambio, the maximum occurs in mid-winter (−21 %), whereas at the same time, the Ushuaia trend is close to its annual minimum (−7 %). The large difference in the trends at these two relatively close stations suggests a vortex shift towards the Atlantic/South American area over the past few years. Finally, the hemispheric asymmetry obtained in this work is discussed in the framework of the results obtained by previous works that considered tracer analysis and Brewer–Dobson circulation. The results obtained here provide evidence that the NO2 produced by N2O decomposition is not the only cause of the observed trend in the stratosphere and support recent publications pointing to a dynamical redistribution starting in the past decade.
Ethene, propene, butene and isoprene emissions from a ponderosa pine forest measured by relaxed eddy accumulation
Authors: Rhew Robert C. , Deventer Malte Julian , Turnipseed Andrew A. , Warneke Carsten , Ortega John , Shen Steve , Martinez Luis , Koss Abigail , Lerner Brian M. , Gilman Jessica B. , Smith James N. , Guenther Alex B. , de Gouw Joost A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Alkenes are reactive hydrocarbons that influence local and regional atmospheric chemistry by playing important roles in the photochemical production of tropospheric ozone and in the formation of secondary organic aerosols. The simplest alkene, ethene (ethylene), is a major plant hormone and ripening agent for agricultural commodities. The group of light alkenes (C2-C4) originates from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources, but their biogenic sources are poorly characterized, with limited field-based flux observations. Here we report net ecosystem fluxes of light alkenes and isoprene from a semiarid ponderosa pine forest in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, USA using the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) technique during the summer of 2014. Ethene, propene, butene and isoprene emissions have strong diurnal cycles, with median daytime fluxes of 123, 95, 39 and 17 µg m−2 h−1, respectively. The fluxes were correlated with each other, followed general ecosystem trends of CO2 and water vapor, and showed similar sunlight and temperature response curves as other biogenic VOCs. The May through October flux, based on measurements and modeling, averaged 62, 52, 24 and 18 µg m−2 h−1 for ethene, propene, butene and isoprene, respectively. The light alkenes contribute significantly to the overall biogenic source of reactive hydrocarbons: roughly 18 % of the dominant biogenic VOC, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. The measured ecosystem scale fluxes are 40–80 % larger than estimates used for global emissions models for this type of ecosystem.