bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifikasi Waste Menggunakan Waste Assessment Model (WAM) di Warehouse Raw Material PT. XYZ
Authors: Naziihah Afifah , Arifin Jauhari , Nugraha Billy
Published: April 2022

Warehouse of Raw Materials in PT. XYZ show an increase in the storage of the good, if is not offset by good performance, then the goods will be experiencing delays in handling. This study aims to identify the waste that occurs in the Warehouse of Raw Materials in PT. XYZ. The focus  of this research is to identify the 7 wastes in the Warehouse raw materials with the lean manufacturing approach using the method of Waste Assessment Model (WAM). The process of waste identification is performed by using Seven Waste Relationship, Waste Relationship Matrix (WRM) and Waste Assessment Questionnaire (WAQ) later in the analysis using a Fishbone Diagram to determine the root cause of the problem so we get the proposal improves then the priority of the improvement obtained by using the table of priorities that is done by way of brainstorming. The study was conducted for 1 month starting March 24-April 23, 2021. The results showed the ranking of waste ranging from the largest to the smallest Defect of 22.70%, Overproduction of 18.32%, Inventory of 17.56%, Motion by 14.12%, Transportation of 13.10%, Waiting by 9.68% and the Process by 4.52%. The results of the waste with the largest percentage is Defect.Warehouse Raw Material di PT. XYZ menunjukkan peningkatan pada penyimpanan barang, jika tidak diimbangi dengan kinerja yang baik, maka barang yang masuk akan mengalami keterlambatan dalam penanganan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pemborosan yang terjadi di Warehouse Raw Material di PT. XYZ. Fokus kajian penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi 7 waste yang ada di Warehouse Raw Material dengan pendekatan lean manufacturing menggunakan metode Waste Assessment Model (WAM). Proses identifikasi waste dilakukan dengan menggunakan Seven Waste Relationship, Waste Relationship Matrix (WRM) dan Waste Assessment Questionnaire (WAQ) yang kemudian di analisis menggunakan Fishbone Diagram untuk mengetahui akar penyebab masalah sehingga didapatkan usulan perbaikan yang kemudian prioritas perbaikan didapat dengan menggunkan tabel skala prioritas yang dilakukan dengan cara brainstorming. Penelitian dilakukan selama 1 bulan mulai tanggal 24 Maret-23 April 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peringkat waste mulai dari terbesar sampai terkecil yaitu Defect sebesar 22.70%, Overproduction sebesar 18.32%, Inventory sebesar 17.56%, Motion sebesar 14.12%, Transportation sebesar 13.10%, Waiting sebesar 9.68% dan Process sebesar 4.52%. Hasil waste dengan persentase terbesar adalah Defect.
E-SAĞLIK ALANINDAKİ BİLİMSEL YAYINLARIN BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZ YÖNTEMİ İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Genç Gülşen , Sarı Meltem
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, e-sağlık alanında yapılan çalışmaların bibliyometrik analiz yöntemi ile incelenmesiyle araştırmacılara konuyla ilgili detaylı bilgiler sunmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda e-sağlık alanında yapılan çalışmalar 1975-2020 yılları arasında Web of Science Core Collection veri tabanı kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere VOSviewer yazılımı kullanılarak kelime madenciliği, atıf analizi ve bibliyografik eşleştirme analizleri yapılmıştır. e-Sağlık konusu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalara ülkeler bazında bakıldığında en fazla atıfa sahip ülkelerin Amerika, İngiltere, Avustralya ve Kanada olduğu görülmektedir. Rahmani, Mair, Ball, Ricciardi, Neuhauser en çok atıf alan yazarları oluşturmaktadır. Bibliyometrik eşleştirme analizi açısından ise Piette, Andreassen, Wilson, Abbas ve Rahmani güçlü yoğunluklara sahip yazarlardır. Bu çalışma sonucu elde edilen e-sağlık alanındaki en önemli yazar, kaynak, kurum ve ülke bulgularının araştırmacılara, politika yapıcılara, karar vericilere ve sağlık yöneticilerine rehberlik edeceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca e-sağlık konusunda çalışma yapmak isteyen araştırmacıların konu hakkında en hızlı şekilde yol alabilmek için en çok atıf alan ilk on çalışmaya başvurması önerilmektedir.
¿Etnocidio o genocidio? El drama de los internados indígenas y la política indigenista de Canadá (1880-1976)
Authors: Beaucage Pierre
Published: April 2022

En mayo de 2021, el descubrimiento de un cementerio clandestino, con cientos de tumbas anónimas, en los terrenos de una antiguo internado indígena en Columbia Británica, fue un choque para la opinión pública canadiense. Hubo que reexaminar unas páginas negras de la historia del país: entre 1880 y 1996, unos 150 mil niños indígenas fueron sacados de su familias y comunidades y colocados en internados bajo la autoridad de la Iglesia católica (70%) o de Iglesias protestantes (30%). El objetivo explícito era borrar toda huella de sus idiomas y de sus culturas para que se asimilaran a la cultura canadiense. Esta política tuvo resultados desastrosos tanto a nivel psicosocial como físico. Miles murieron de mala alimentación y por falta de atención médica adecuada. Además, un gran número fueron víctimas de sacerdotes pedófilos. El silencio sobre este drama fue roto por la Comisión Real sobre los Pueblos Indígenas (CRPA) cuyas audiencias duraron de 1991 hasta 1996. El gobierno federal canadiense fue condenado por los tribunales a pagar importantes indemnizaciones, que nunca compensarán por los daños causados a generaciones de niños y a los pueblos indígenas de Canadá. Estos daños caben dentro de la definición de genocidio adoptada por la ONU.
Silvia Ortiz Echaniz (1940-2021), antropóloga de la religiosidad popular mexicana
Authors: Garma Navarro Carlos
Published: April 2022

La antropóloga Silvia Ortiz Echaniz falleció en la ciudad de México el 27 de junio de 2021.  Fue pionera en la investigación de la religiosidad popular en México, siendo una de las primeras mujeres latinoamericanas en dedicarse a su estudio desde una etnografía rigurosa y detallada, mediante prolongadas estancias de campo. Destacó por sus estudios sobre el Espiritualismo Trinitario Mariano, agrupación religiosa a la que le dedicó la mayor parte de su obra antropológica. Su primera profesión fue como maestra normalista. Más tarde estudió en la Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, donde se tituló en 1968 con una tesis sobre la cultura popular, los procesos de trabajo y la movilidad ocupacional en San Andrés Cholula, Puebla.  Dicha tesis formó parte de una investigación mayor dirigida por  Guillermo Bonfil, dada a conocer en 1973 con el título Cholula, la ciudad sagrada en la era industrial, publicada por Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
"sectas " protestantes y el espíritu del (anti-) imperialismo. Entrelazamientos religiosos en las Américas
Authors: Zarate Nicolás Asiel
Published: April 2022

Hablar de religión y política podría representar un problema reciente para la sociedad; sin embargo, la relación entre ambos espectros se ha hecho más presente de lo habitual en la cotidianidad, a tal grado de ser preocupante los efectos que dicha relación pueda tener en el ámbito social y en particular en la serie de procesos electorales que se llevarán a cabo en Latinoamérica.
PENGARUH CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO, NET INTEREST MARGIN DAN NON PERFORMING LOAN TERHADAP LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO PADA BANK PEMERINTAH PERSERO YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Suyanto Aris , Utomo Ely Sapto
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM) dan Non Performing Loan (NPL) terhadap Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus pada Bank Pemerintah Persero yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Bank Pemerintah Persero yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2015–2019. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda dengan tahapan uji data yaitu uji asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa secara simultan CAR, NPL, dan NIM berpengaruh terhadap LDR. Hasil uji parsial menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel independen yaitu CAR, NIM dan NPL berpengaruh terhadap LDR.
Pelatihan Meningkatkan Pemahaman Pelaku UMKM Menyusun Laporan Keuangan Sederhana(UMKM Kompeten di Bekasi)
Authors:   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Dewi R. Rosiyana , Wibowo Seto Makmur ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Nadifah Mauliddini ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta
Published: April 2022

Abstract Purpose: Bookkeeping is one of the important factors that aim to develop MSMEs. Simple bookkeeping is quite important for the progress of their own business. One of the causes of MSMEs being difficult to develop is a poor accounting system. This is due to the government's lack of attention, and there are still many MSME actors who are reluctant to think about complicated things such as accounting and financial management issues. Currently, MSME actors are only limited to thinking about how to get profits so that their business or MSMEs can run and develop. To that end, the Indonesian Institute of Accountants (IAI) has prepared SAK-EMKM (Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities) to facilitate MSMEs in compiling their financial reports. Method: This community service (PKM) was held online in March 2021 with the participants from business people in the convection and culinary fields. PKM is carried out by lecturers, students, alumni and staff. Result: The results of this PKM activity resulted that members of the KOMPETeN MSME group did not understand well about the types of financial statements and their benefits and how to prepare them, especially the preparation of income statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards. Conclusion: This community service (PKM) help the KOMPETeN MSME group to prepare simple financial statement.
Peningkatan Kapasitas Pengelola Badan Usaha Milik Desa dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan: Studi Pada BUMNAg di Sumatera Barat
Authors:   Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Sumatera Barat, Rahayu Rita , Roza Husna ,   Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Sumatera Barat, Edmawati Sri Dewi ,   Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Sumatera Barat, Karib Abdul ,   Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Sumatera Barat
Published: April 2022

Abstract Purpose: The activity aims to improve the ability of BUMDes managers in terms of financial management. The reason for this activity is that the understanding and ability of BUMDes managers, especially in West Sumatra, is still low regarding financial management. Method: The method used in this activity is to carry out ongoing training and mentoring programs, which are carried out for a period of 6 months. Result: It is hoped that the activities carried out in a sustainable manner will certainly increase the ability and understanding of BUMDes managers, especially those in West Sumatra in terms of financial management. One of the outputs of this activity is that BUMDes are able to prepare their financial reports. Conclusion: This training and mentoring activity is very useful, especially with the issuance of PP No. 11 of 2021 concerning BUMDEs, one of which is to require BUMDes to compile accountability reports in the form of periodic financial reports. Contribution: This activity will certainly contribute in terms of developing the capacity of human resources in the village, and will certainly have a positive impact on improving the village economy.
DIREITO INDÍGENA
Authors: PIMENTEL ALAMINO FELIPE NICOLAU , D´ANTONIO PIRES MÁRIO AUGUSTO
Published: April 2022

O artigo busca fazer breve levantamento da proteção internacional e nacional dos povos indígenas, abordando a principal legislação sobre o tema. Abordando na perspectiva interna desde as legislações referentes ao período colonial até a conjuntura atual pós Constituição de 1988 e sob a perspectiva internacional, abordando os esforços multilaterais de regulamentação na matéria, tanto de forma universal, via Organização das Nações Unidas, como com relação à Organização dos Estados Americanos, com a atuação de sua Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, julgando casos envolvendo povos indígenas. Finalmente, aborda, também, as perspectivas futuras do direito indígena no Brasil.
OS DIREITOS CIVIS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: OLIVEIRA RODRIGUES TERCÍLIA JÚLIA , DE ALMEIDA ANDRESSA SANTOS , TELES JÉSSICA FONSECA
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo aborda uma análise sintética e pontual a respeito da efetividade dos direitos humanos e fundamentais - dentre eles o direito de ir e vir, direito à liberdade religiosa e de livre expressão - em tempos de pandemia gerada pelo novo coronavírus, denominado SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), com o fito de debater à luz da Constituição Federal de 1988, a garantia dos direitos e das liberdades civis em face de uma análise do estado de calamidade da saúde pública decretado pela Lei 13. 979 de 06 de fevereiro de 2020. Para isso, o embasamento metodológico se lastreia em pesquisa bibliográfica relacionados à temática, bem como artigos científicos, análise das sentenças proferidas nos municípios baianos, além de informações coletadas por mídia eletrônica. Trata de uma discussão relevante, uma vez que o surto do novo coronavírus constitui um fato jurídico que por muitas vezes tem sido encarado como caso fortuito e força maior, nos termos do artigo 393 do Código Civil de 2002, ao passo que o contágio, de modo geral, tem provocado consequências de uma maneira pela qual não é possível evitá-lo ou impedi-lo. Conclui que diante desse fenômeno inevitável, as restrições feitas às diferentes formas de direitos civis devem ser observadas de maneira minuciosa, a fim de que tal interferência não provoque uma violação aos preceitos constitucionais.
BRASIL E PARAGUAI FRENTE À PANDEMIA DO COVID-19
Authors: MOTA THAYNAH SANTANA , DE SOUZA RODRIGO NASCIMENTO HENKING , LESSA PABLO HENRIQUE CORDEIRO
Published: April 2022

O presente trabalho aborda o contraste entre as medidas sanitárias de enfrentamento à pandemia do Coronavírus adotadas pelos governos federais do Brasil e Paraguai, dois Estados Partes do MERCOSUL cujos sistemas de saúde são notórios por suas deficiências, mas cujos cômputos de casos de COVID-19 e mortes em sua decorrência afiguram-se de maneira drasticamente antagônica. Tenciona deslindar, sob o prisma do Direito Sanitário, as atuações governamentais emergenciais ocasionadoras da discrepância entre os cenários de espraiamento do novo vírus em ambos os países, bem como aludir, sob a perspectiva do Direito de Integração, os benefícios e/ou malefícios advindos da ausência de cooperação entre membros de um mesmo bloco econômico. Para tanto, realiza breve contextualização do Direito Sanitário em ambas as nações, e compara as medidas de combate ao Coronavírus por elas aplicadas. Utiliza como metodologia pesquisa bibliográfica, consulta a websites governamentais e conteúdo midiático. Conclui que o Paraguai priorizou medidas copiosamente preventivas em detrimento de sujeitar-se ao precário sistema de saúde nacional para remediação, tendo sido a primeira nação sul-americana a executar providências quando a pandemia ainda se atinha aos outros países; o Brasil, em seu turno, preteriu diligências profiláticas ao executá-las apenas quando atingiu um quantum considerável de casos, resultando na sobrecarga do seu já exaurido e deficiente sistema de saúde. Inferiu, ainda, que a busca pela integração, mesmo que mínima, entre os Estados Partes do MERCOSUL durante momento histórico tão sui generis, teria beneficiado as nações e concorrido pela garantia do maior bem jurídico de seus povos: a vida.

Palavras-chave: Direito sanitário. Direito de integração. MERCOSUL. Estado de emergência. COVID-19.
PESSOAS REFUGIADAS NO BRASIL
Authors: ALMEIDA ARISLENE DA SILVA , SEREJO JORGE ALBERTO MENDES
Published: April 2022

Frente a uma das maiores migrações da recente história da América Latina, o refúgio enquanto instituto no âmbito do Direito Internacional disciplinado pela Convenção relativa ao Estatuto dos Refugiados de 1951 e seu Protocolo de 1967, ambos ratificados pelo Brasil, anseia por especial atenção em momentos de acirramento das vulnerabilidades ensejadoras do seu pedido. O Estado brasileiro enfrenta há anos consideráveis problemas em virtude do excessivo número de solicitações de refúgio, especialmente no ano de 2018, quando o país reconheceu um total de 1.086 refugiados de diversas nacionalidades, em sua maioria de venezuelanos. Em 2020, o mundo foi assolado pela pandemia, em verdade uma sindemia causada pelo Coronavírus (SARS-Cov-2), algo que vem afetando em maior ou menor medida as respostas dos países sobre questões centrais no campo dos direitos humanos, como é a questão do refúgio.  Neste contexto, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e documental sobre o tema, a presente pesquisa exploratória investiga como se deu o tratamento da situação do refúgio no Brasil, seja no que diz respeito à solicitação e eventual aprovação pelo CONARE (Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados), seja nas políticas públicas que o Estado tem destinado aos refugiados, nos primeiros meses da pandemia no Brasil.

 

Palavras-chave: Refúgio. Direito Humanos. Pandemia.
Design and Implementation of an Ultra-Low-Power ECG Patch and Smart Cloud-Based Platform
Authors: Baraeinejad Bardia , Fallah Shayan Masood , Vazifeh Amir Reza , Rashidi Diba , Saberi Hamedani Mohammad , Tavolinejad Hamed , Gorji Pouya , Razmara Parsa , Vaziri Kiarash , Vashaee Daryoosh , Fakharzadeh Mohammad
Published: April 2022

This paper reports a new device for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal
monitoring and software for signal analysis and artificial intelligence (AI)
assisted diagnosis.

The hardware
mitigates the signal loss common in previous products by enhancing the ergonomy,
flexibility, and battery life. The power efficiency is optimized by design
using switching converters, ultra-low-power components, and efficient signal
processing. It enables 14-day of uninterrupted ECG monitoring and connectivity
with a smartphone and microSD card storage.

The software is
implemented in Android app and web-based platforms via Internet of Things
(IoT). This component provides cloud-based and local storage and uses AI for
arrhythmia detection. The arrhythmia detection algorithm shows 98.7% accuracy
using Artificial Neural Network and K-Nearest Neighbors methods, and 98.1%
using Decision Tree method on test data set.
Improved Uniform Linear Array Fitting Scheme with Increased Lower Bound on Uniform Degrees of Freedom for DOA Estimation
Authors: Shi Wanlu , Li Yingsong
Published: April 2022

Recently, uniform linear array (ULA) fitting (UF) principle is proposed for sparse array (SA) design using pseudo-polynomial equations. Typically, it is verified that the designed SAs via UF enjoy a lower bound on uniform degrees of freedom (uDOF), which is approximately $0.5N^2$ with $N$ sensors. Herein, an improved UF (IUF) scheme is proposed to significantly increase the lower bound on uDOF, which is realized by introducing two sub-ULAs, with name of adjoint transfer arrays (ATAs), on both sides of a transfer sub-ULA. The ATAs together with the transfer sub-ULA serve as a new layer to construct an adjoint transfer layer (ATL) that has improved aperture in comparison with traditional transfer layer to improve the lower bound on uDOF, which is derived in detail. Furthermore, two novel SAs are developed based on the ATL to verify the effectiveness of the proposed IUF scheme to increase the uDOF. Numerical simulations verify the superiority of devised SAs for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimations.
Hardware and firmware design and implementation of twin 8- and 32-bit microcontroller boards for research and educational applications
Authors: Oliva Rafael
Published: April 2022

This document describes the design and implementation sequence of both hardware and firmware components of two microcontroller boards of 8 and 32 bit architectures, which use similar form factor and share common input/output devices and recently developed web-based user interfaces. Both have been applied mainly to educational and research systems in renewable energy. The focus has been on increasing reliability in the hardware aspects and using a set of in-house C language coding rules for new firmware development and legacy code refactoring. Testing of the low-level drivers, and use of automated tools such as Ceedling for higher level module testing is also described.
Cavity length effect and modal effect on coherence in a semiconductor diode laser subjected to an external optical feedback
Authors: Sivaprakasam S , K neethu
Published: April 2022

Semiconductor diode lasers are known to be sensitive to external optical feedback. The time delay with which an optical feedback is provided is an important parameter towards deciding the laser's output characteristics. It is known that if the external cavity time delay is longer, the feedback is less coherent. Plotting of Light - Current characteristics ( L-I curve) is a standard method to understand certain properties of a diode laser. Depending upon the nature of coherence of optical feedback, the position of L-I curve varies. However, there is no explicit work known to best of author's knowledge about the dependence of L-I curve on the delay of external cavity optical feedback and this work provides the explicit proof for this dependence. Also, this work, provides evidence for the decoherence arising from multi-mode nature of a semiconductor diode laser.
Signal-Flow-Graph Analysis of Weakly Nonlinear Microwave Circuits around a Large-Signal Operating Point
Authors: Amakawa Shuhei , Sugimoto Ryotaro , Tokgoz Korkut Kaan , Lee Sangyeop , Ito Hiroyuki , Kishikawa Ryoko
Published: April 2022

Signal flow graph (SFG) representation of small-signal responses of nonlinear microwave circuits around a large-signal operating point is developed using the X-parameters. It is shown that, unlike the SFGs for linear circuits, negative-frequency nodes need to be included explicitly. The development elucidates the circuit-operational meaning of the elusive T-type small-signal X-parameters, which represent interaction between positive- and negative-frequency components. As an example, such an SFG is used to derive a closed-form expression of the output power of an amplifier as a function of the load reflection coefficient. It is then used to plot approximate load-pull power contours. The result is consistent with the expressions of the optimum load reflection coefficient derived by Root et al. (EuMIC 2017) and of power contours derived by Peláez-Pérez et al. (TMTT 2013). SFGs provide an alternative systematic means to derive closed-form expressions in terms of X-parameters and to gain illuminating insights into the workings of weakly nonlinear circuits. 
Signal-Flow-Graph Analysis of Weakly Nonlinear Microwave Circuits around a Large-Signal Operating Point
Authors: Amakawa Shuhei , Sugimoto Ryotaro , Tokgoz Korkut Kaan , Lee Sangyeop , Ito Hiroyuki
Published: April 2022

Signal flow graph (SFG) representation of small- signal responses of nonlinear microwave circuits around a large-signal operating point is developed using the X-parameters. It is shown that, unlike the SFGs for linear circuits, negative-frequency nodes need to be included explicitly. The development elucidates the circuit-operational meaning of the elusive T-type small-signal X-parameters, which represent interaction between positive- and negative-frequency components. As an application example, such an SFG is used to derive a closed-form expression of the output power of a power amplifier as a function of the load reflection coefficient. It is then used to plot approximate load-pull power contours. The result is consistent with and more general than the expression of the optimum load reflection coefficient derived analytically by Root et al. (EuMIC 2017). SFGs provide a systematic means to derive closed-form expressions in terms of X-parameters and to gain illuminating insights into the workings of weakly nonlinear circuits.
Coverage Analysis for UAV-Assisted Cellular Networks in Rural Areas
Authors: Matracia Maurilio , kishk mustafa , Alouini Mohamed-Slim
Published: April 2022

Despite coverage enhancement in rural areas is one of the main requirements in next generations of wireless networks (i.e., 5G and 6G), the low expected profit prevents telecommunication providers from investing in such sparsely populated areas.

Hence, cost efficient alternatives are required for extending the cellular infrastructure to these regions.

A concrete mathematical model that characterizes and clearly captures the aforementioned problem might be a key-enabler for studying the efficiency of any potential solution.

Unfortunately, the commonly used mathematical tools that model large scale wireless networks are not designed to capture the unfairness, in terms of cellular coverage, suffered by exurban and rural areas.

In big cities, in fact, cellular deployment is essentially capacity driven and thus cellular base station densities are maximum in the town centers and decline when getting far from them.

In this paper, a new stochastic geometry-based model is implemented in order to show the coverage spatial variation among urban, suburban, and exurban settlements.

Indeed, by implementing inhomogeneous Poisson point processes (PPPs) it is possible to study the performance metrics in a realistic scenario where terrestrial base stations (TBSs) are clustered around the urban center while outer aerial base stations (ABSs) are uniformly distributed outside an urban exclusion zone.

Based on this, our simulation results can quantify the improvement, in terms of coverage probability, that even a surprisingly low density of ABSs can bring to peripheral regions depending on the extension of the exclusion zone, enabling us to draw insightful considerations.
Research and Evaluation of Organochlorine Pesticides in the Precooked Fonio Sold in the Food Stores of Bamako
Authors: Diarra Nouhoum , Maïga Boubacar Madio dit Aladiogo , Konare Mamadou Abdoulaye , Camara Sira
Published: April 2022

This study was part of a basic assessment of the level of contamination of precooked fonio by pesticide residues in Bamako. Thus, 36 samples of precooked fonio were collected. The active ingredients of five organochlorine pesticides (op’ DDT, pp’ DDT, Endosulfans α and β and Dieldrin), categorized as persistent and obsolete organic pollutants in Mali, have been investigated and quantified by gas chromatography. The results showed high rates of pesticide residues contamination in the tested precooked fonio samples into twenty nine of 36 samples (75%). About 59% of the samples have contained two or more pesticides while 30% three or more pesticides. The Endosulfan β was the most detected pesticides (15 times) in our samples followed by the pp’ DDT (13 times). The total pesticides residues per samples of the five pesticides active ingredients have varied from 0.037 to 1.874 mg/kg. In other side, the total residues per individual pesticide varied from 3.377 mg/kg for op’ DDT to 0.984 mg/kg for Dieldrin. According to the Codex Alimentarius norms, the most of the tested precooked fonio are unsafety for consumption. These data showed that these organochlorine pesticides are present in our foodstuffs despite their prohibition.
Protective Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Silica Nanoparticles Induced Biochemical Alterations in Rat Testes
Authors: Langeh Raghev , Maurya Manoj K , Anuradha J , Sanjeevi R , Sanjeevani Rohin , Tripathi Sandeep , Chauhan Dushyant Singh
Published: April 2022

Human health effects associated with silica exposure have been widely discussed. Environmental and occupational exposure to silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) is inevitable, as nanomaterials have become part of our daily routine. SiNPs were found to have severe toxicity than silica micro-particles in male reproductive systems. It might be due to the factor that smaller the diameter of silica nanoparticles, the greater will be the toxicity. In the present study, 40 and 80 mg SiNPs were exposed to rats for 60 days and a group treated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) along with SiNPs. At the end of the exposure, rats were sacrificed by anaesthetic overdose, rat testes were removed for the biochemical investigations namely, lipid peroxide levels (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH). Results of the present study demonstrates that SiNPs intoxicated rats were found increased LPO and PC level while the antioxidant level namely SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH were found to be decreased in the testes when compared with the control rats, while DHA acclimation rats were observed insignificant changes as compared with the SiNPs treated groups. On the basis of results it may be concluded that the oxidative stress markers increased in the intoxicated rats and the DHA supplementation might have rescued the SiNPs exposure.
Farmer’s Perception and Bio-Indicators of Soil Fertility in Eastern Niger
Authors: Manssour Abdou Maman , Abdoulkadri Laouali , Ismaël Doudoua Ibrahim , Zoubeirou Alzouma Mayaki
Published: April 2022

Since ancient times, peasants have relied on the presence of some plants or animals to assess soi’s fertility. This study carried out in Dogo site in Niger and that aim is ti determine the main farmer indicators of soil fertility assessment. For this, an individual semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the farmers. Results showed that several types of biological indicators are used by farmers to assess soil’s fertility through the presence or absence of some plants and/or animals. Thus, Cenchrus biflorus, Cyperus alopeuroides, Alysicarpus ovalifolius, Brachiaria spp have been cited as non-woody fertility indicator species. As for Faidherbia albida, Acacia nilotica, Piliostigma reticulatum, they were cited as woody species indicative of fertile soils. Also, Striga hermonthica, Aristida stipoides, Ipomoea koschyana, Euphorbia forskalii, Ipomoea cosunosperma, Alysicarpus ovalifolius, Commelina benghalensis were considered as non-woody indicator species of poor soils and Prosopis juliflora, Lannasinarima indicuticosa in poor soils woody species.
Research Review on the Equity Evaluation of Medical and Health Resources Allocation from an International Perspective
Authors: Wu Xueling , Mao Ruiqi , Guo Xiaojia
Published: April 2022

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected countries all over the world, causing more than 200 million people infected with 4 million of deaths, which poses a great threat to the world's economic and social development, and also warns the medical and health resources in various countries. Based on an international perspective, a summary of the fairness of medical and health resources allocation is conducive to further promoting relevant research in various countries, formulating development plans for medical and health service system, and accelerating the equalization of basic health services. On the basis of expounding the research background and significance of medical and health resources allocation, this paper summarizes the main research contents and methods of international and China in this field through literature analysis. It is found that studies abroad mainly focus on the fairness of medical and health resources allocation and the factors affecting its fair allocation and spatial accessibility, while research in China mainly focuses on the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics, influencing factors and spatial accessibility of medical and health resources allocation. Further study should emphasize the universality and objectivity of the research area and scale, construct the comprehensive index system of influencing factors and analyze the mechanism of each factor.
Rural Land Transformation along Chandigarh-Kharar Road
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Singh Ravinder
Published: April 2022

Chandigarh being one of the well-planned cities in the country have attracted the folks of the nearby states to come to the city for better standards of living and improved sources of livelihood. The city in recent past have been developing as an educational and commercial hub. Although the city centre or one can say the planned portion of the city is unchanged and untouched from the rapid transformation with the time but the periphery is not so lucky in this manner. People coming from near and far places get settle in the periphery and they commute on daily basis from the surrounding regions to the city and its periphery. This have resulted in the large-scale development of educational and commercial hubs growing day by day along the major roads connecting the city with its neighbouring towns and villages. Majority of the transformation of agricultural land have occurred along the major roads. Here in the study an attempt has been maid to assess the intensity and direction of the rural land transformation happening in the periphery. For the purposes of the study satellite data is used acquired from Landsat, Indian Remote Sensing Satellite and Google Earth Pro along with other secondary data sources. One-kilometre buffer zone along the Chandigarh – Kharar road falling in Chandigarh periphery is selected. Data for the year 2003 and 2017 is analysed and compared. The results are presented in the forms of maps and figures.
Prevalence of Bacterial Biofilms in Patients of Chronic Rhino Sinusitis (CRS) with or Without Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Malik Bashir Ahmad , Matto Rashad Rafiq , Khanam Saba Fatima
Published: April 2022

Background: Objective. There is growing evidence that bacterial biofilms may play a role in certain cases of recalcitrant CRS that do not respond to traditional medical and surgical therapies. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of biofilm-forming bacteria in clinical isolates of CRS patients with or without nasal polyposis. Methods: A Prospective observational study conducted in the Department of ENT & HNS GMC Srinagar and Department of Microbiology, from September 2018 to August 2020. 60 patients were enrolled in this study who reported to ENT & HNS OPD of Govt. Medical College Srinagar and diagnosed with CRS according to “clinical practice guidelines” 2015 criteria, and were willing to participate in the study. Samples were harvested in the OPD and/or intraoperatively for microscopic examination to determine biofilm presence. Statistical analysis was performed. For all statistical tests, P = .05 was considered significant. Results: In this study on 60 patients Biofilms were present in 32 (53.3%) patients whereas in 28 (46.7%) patients Biofilms were absent (includes 14 culture positive and 14 culture negative patients). Biofilm formation was detected by three different phenotypic methods. Biofilm detection rate were highest by Tissue Culture Plate (TCP) method (56.3%) followed by Tube method (TM) as (46.9%) and Congo Red Agar (CRA) method as (43.8%). Conclusion: This study further elucidates the prevalence of bacterial Biofilms in sinonasal mucosa of CRS patients as Biofilms existed in 53% of the patients under study.
Management of Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Qubaisy Dr. Omar Al- , Shishachi Dr. Nabel Al-
Published: April 2022

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone classically involved in the calcium metabolism and bone homeostasis. Vitamin D is produced by skin exposed to ultraviolet B radiation or obtained from dietary sources, including supplements. Vitamin D Deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, characterized by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 nanograms/mL. Vitamin D insufficiency is regarded as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level between 21-29 nanograms/mL. The causes for vitamin D deficiency include those with inadequate sun exposure, limited oral intake, or impaired intestinal absorption .The other causes of D deficiency might be inherited disorders that either reduce or prevent the metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, these disorders are present with biochemical and skeletal abnormalities, but in a more severe form. Most patients are asymptomatic. Severe prolonged vitamin D deficiency causes growth retardation and rickets in children and osteomalacia, osteopenia, and osteoporosis in adults. Moreover, in the last decades, several extra skeletal effects which can be attributed to vitamin D have been shown. These beneficial effects will be here summarized, Both vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency are corrected by giving vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 in treatment doses followed by lifelong maintenance doses; adequate, sensible sunlight exposure should be encouraged. This review outlines strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat vitamin D deficiency in adults and children.
Lateral Approach in Thyroidectomy- a Comparative Study
Authors: Chandrakar Dr. Saurabh , Dagar Dr. Abhishek , Hurria Dr. Naman , Tanwar Dr. Manjit , Sinha Dr. Ajit
Published: April 2022

Introduction: To enter the thyroid gland, the lateral "backdoor" technique (LA) uses the same central neck incision as the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and strap muscles. Typically, this treatment is done to redo thyroid surgery. The results of the two procedures were compared in people who were having their first conventional thyroidectomy. Methods: A case-control study was undertaken on 30 people who received a routine open thyroidectomy from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. The first 15 patients were given MA, then another 15 were given LA. All patients received 10 mL of 1 percent Marcaine infiltration before the neck incision was closed. Basic demographic data, surgery time, incision length, gland weight, strap muscle transection required, and complications were all recorded. The study excluded thyroid revision surgery and minimally invasive thyroid surgery. Results: Demographics, surgery time, gland weight, and incisional length did not differ significantly. The LA group experienced significantly reduced post-operative pain. 5 patients (11%) in the MA group required horizontal transection of strap muscles to remove large goitres, compared to 1 patient (2.2%) in the LA group. In neither group, there were any major issues. Conclusion: The LA approach is equally safe as the midline surgery, with a similar surgical time and substantially lower pain levels. By avoiding midline separation and suturing of strap muscles, it reduces the need for strap muscle transection to remove large goitres.
Glomus Tumor of the Posteromedial Face of the Wrist: A Case Report
Authors: Akanou Mbarek , Neqrachi A. , Mouktabis S. , Ahuary T. , Zouaidia F. , Bassir R.A. , Boufettal M , Kharmaz M. , Lamrani M.O. , Berrada M. S.
Published: April 2022

Glomus tumors are very rare benign neuro-myoarterial proliferations. They are often located in the fingers in 35% of cases, the extra-digital location of glomus tumors are extremely rare and difficult to diagnose because of their atypical clinical signs and the absence of specific imaging, leading to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Surgical treatment by complete removal of these tumours ensures a total disappearance of pain and therefore of their functional repercussions. No recurrence in 89.5%. We report a case of glomus tumor of the posteromedial aspect of the wrist, discovered by chance after surgical removal in a 71-year-old woman.
The Fundamentals of Imaging with Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Sunilkumar Yagnik Nisarg
Published: April 2022

In the last few decades, the need for three-dimensional imaging in dentistry has been realized. Because of this, computed tomography, initially applied to medical imaging, started to be used in dentistry. This allowed the dental conditions to be diagnosed with 3D images. But computed tomography was hospital-based, expensive, and resulted in high radiation dose to the patients. In the late 1990’s, a new technology cone beam computed tomography was developed specifically for the dental radiographic imaging. This enables a wider use of 3D imaging for dentists worldwide. This article describes the history of CBCT, fundamentals, position, image intensifiers, field of view, and measurements with CBCT. It also discusses the ethical and legal considerations with CBCT.
“A Comparative Analysis of Microneedling and TCA CROSS For Management of Atrophic Acne Scars”
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Sharma Rahul
Published: April 2022

Title -“A comparative analysis of microneedling and TCA CROSS for management of atrophic acne scars” Background: Acne is a disorder of pilosebaceous unit which can lead to scarring, commonly seen on face. It is emotionally and psychologically distressing to the patients. Both microneedling and TCA CROSS are commonly used office procedures to treat acne scars and both work on principle of collagen remodelling. While microneedling and TCA cross is widely being performed on Indian skin for various indications, there is a paucity of published literature comparing the safety and effectiveness of these two techniques specifically for acne scars in Indian patients. Objective: To compare the safety and effectiveness of microneedling and TCA CROSS (trichloroacetic acid chemical reconstruction of skin scars) in atrophic acne scar in Indian subjects. Materials and method: Fifty participants were randomly divided using closed envelope method in two equal groups of 25 patients each; group A underwent three sessions of microneedling (at 4 week interval) and group B underwent three sessions of TCA CROSS (at 4 week interval). Results: On quantitative assessment there was a constant per cent decrease in mean acne scar score (Goodman and baron) in both the groups but the decrease in group B was more as compared to group A. On qualitative assessment group B was found to be better than group A. However, subjective satisfaction in group A patients was more compared to group B. Conclusions: Microneedling and TCA CROSS were safe and effective in treatment of acne scars.
Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Collecting Lymph Vessel, Lumbar Trunk and Thoracic Duct in the Rat
Authors: Yan Yu-Hao , Li Bing-Jia , Pan Wei-Ren , Song Liang , Fu Lin-Lin , Ma Chuan-Xiang , Zeng Fan-Qiang , Dip M
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine morphological and ultrastructural details of the collecting lymph vessel, lumbar trunk and thoracic duct of the rat. Methods: Sixteen adult SD rats were utilized for the study. A small amount of 6% hydrogen peroxide was applied to find the lymph vessel in the dorsodistal hind-limb and sides of the abdominal aorta in the rat. Under a surgical microscope, the vessel was injected by Indian ink or a radiopaque mixture via a fine needle to locate sites of the collecting lymphatic vessel, lumbar trunk and thoracic duct. Vessels were then harvested for the histological and transmission electron microscopic examinations. Results: Diameters of the collecting lymph vessel, lumbar trunk and thoracic duct in the rat were diverse, small in the former and large in the latter. Containing multiple valves in the lumen, their walls were very thin and composed of three layers of tissue. Ultrastructures of the tunica intima and externa of these vessels were similar. A single layer of endothelium cells with a discontinuous basement membrane formed the tunica intima of the vessel. One or two discontinuous layers of smooth muscle cells was found in the tunica media of the collecting lymph vessel, one to three layers of smooth muscle cells in the lumbar trunk and three to five layers of smooth muscle cells in the thoracic duct. The tunica externa of the vessel was comprised by connective tissue (collagen fibrils) and fibroblasts. Conclusion: Morphological and ultrastructural details of the collecting lymph vessel, lymphatic trunk and duct in the rat have been demonstrated that may help for the purpose of further lymphatic vessels studies.
Fast Relief of Acute Musculoskeletal Pain in Different Body Parts Following Exercise - A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Human Study with Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata Extracts
Authors: Murthy Meghana , Rudrappa Girish H. , Kare Sanjeev Kumar , Saklecha Santosh , Basu Indraneel , Gupta Ajay
Published: April 2022

Acute pain in different parts of the body viz., head and neck, trunk, upper and lower limbs tend to be perceived differently. A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study was conducted on 232 healthy participants with acute musculoskeletal pain. The participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single dose of 1000 mg of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata extract formulation (CBF, Rhuleave-K) or placebo. The participants were categorized according to the location of the pain- head and neck, upper limb, lower limb, trunk, and general body following exercise. Pain intensity was analyzed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) at intervals of 30 minutes up to 6 hours. NRS was taken at rest, on movement and applying pressure on the affected part. The perceptible pain relief (PPR) and meaningful pain relief (PPR) was assessed using the double stopwatch method. In the CBF group, the pain intensity in the head and neck region had a 100% reduction at rest, on movement and pressure (p=0.02) and in generalized body pain, 100% at rest and movement and 97% reduction on applying pressure (p=0.06). Pain in the upper limb, trunk, and lower limb respectively showed a significant reduction of 99%, 97%, and 97% (p<0.001) in the CBF group at rest, on movement and pressure whereas the placebo group showed negligent change. The PPR and MPR obtained at head and neck (40, 160 min), upper limb (52, 167 min), trunk (75, 216 min), lower limb (74, 175 min), and generalized body pain (75, 240 min) in CBF group were significantly faster than the placebo group (p<0.001). CBF can be recommended as a fast-acting alternative to current therapies for acute musculoskeletal pain affecting head and neck, upper and lower limbs, trunk, and general body pain.
Serum Thyroglobulin Antibody as a Tumor Marker in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and its Correlation with FNAC and Histopathology
Authors: Pervin Shahnaz , Mahmud Farhad , Keya Shamim Ara , Ullah Parash
Published: April 2022

Background: This longitudinal descriptive study was conducted for the first time in the department of Pathology, Rajshahi Medical College in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of serum TgAb as a tumor marker for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Objective: The aim of this study to detect the antibody positive differentiated thyroid carcinoma using serum TgAb and compare with the FNAC and histopathological findings. Method: A total forty patients of clinically, radiologically and by FNAC diagnosed as differentiated thyroid carcinoma were selected attending in the department of Otolaryngology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January 2010 to December 2011. Preoperative serum TgAb level (TgAbl) was measured in all patients taking cut off value as 40 IU/ml. Biopsy material were examined for histopathological diagnosis. 3-6 months after thyroidectomy postoperative serum TgAb level (TgAb2) was measured in those patients only who were TgAbl positive. Result: The correlation, association and statistical analysis of preoperative and postoperative serum TgAb level were computed against histopathological diagnosis. Out of forty cases, 35 were papillary and 5 were follicular carcinoma. Mean age was 25.48+9.70 years and Male: Female was 1:6. In this study, 9 cases (22.5%) were TgAb positive preoperatively and 2 cases showed highest level 3000 and 2200 IU/ml. Post operative TgAb level of 9 cases showed significant reduction. Statistical analysis demonstrates significant correlation (P=<0.01) and association (P=<0.05) between preoperative and postoperative TgAb level. Conclusion: So, it is concluded that serum TgAb level can be used as a tumor marker in antibody positive differentiated thyroid carcinoma.