bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nachträgliche Verbundverankerung von Stabspanngliedern – Entwicklung eines Verankerungssystems für quer vorgespannte Fahrbahnplatten
Authors: Sanio David , Alawieh Hussein , Bomholt Frederik , von Daake Henning , Prenting Adele , Mark Peter
Published: August 2021

Für den Teilrückbau von Beton‐ oder Verbundbrücken wird oftmals die quer vorgespannte Fahrbahnplatte in Längsrichtung durchschnitten. Während eine Hälfte durch einen Neubau ersetzt wird, bleibt der Verkehr auf dem halben Bestandsüberbau aufrechterhalten. Aus statischen Gründen kann es erforderlich werden, die Quervorspannung in der Fahrbahnplatte über einen Zeitraum von wenigen Jahren zu erhalten. Der Beitrag stellt dazu ein Verankerungskonzept vor, das im Rahmen des Ersatzneubaus einer Autobahnbrücke in Verbundbauweise entwickelt wurde. Dabei verankert sich das glatte Stabspannglied über Verbund in einem neu eingebrachten Betonelement. Das System wurde in einem mehrstufigen experimentellen Programm entwickelt und durch theoretische Betrachtungen zur Verbundverankerung begleitet. Dabei wurden neben der statischen Verankerung auch zyklische Belastungen, Verbundkriechen und die Rissbildung untersucht. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass sich die Stabspannglieder (St80/105, ∅26 mm) auf einer Länge von 1,45 m vollständig in dem verwendeten hochfesten Vergussbeton verankern. Ohne Betrachtung rechnerischer Sicherheiten erfolgt die wesentliche Kraftübertragung auf wenigen Dezimetern. Zudem behandelt der Beitrag die baupraktische Umsetzung und Überwachung sowie spezifische zu beachtende Randbedingungen.
Electrophilic C(sp2)−H Silylation by Supported Gold Catalysts
Authors: Miura Hiroki , Hirata Ryuji , Tomoya Toyomasu , Shishido Tetsuya
Published: August 2021

Heterogeneous gold‐catalyzed C(sp2)−H silylation is described. A variety of heteroarenes and electron‐rich arenes participated in gold‐catalyzed silylation to afford the corresponding heteroaryl and arylsilanes in good to excellent yields. A detailed mechanistic investigation corroborated that the cooperative catalysis of ether and O2‐activated gold nanoparticles realized heterolysis of the Si−H bond to generate silyl cations, which enabled subsequent electrophilic C−Si bond formation. The high activity, reusability and environmentally‐friendly nature of the heterogeneous gold catalysts as well as the scalability of the reaction system realize the sustainable synthesis of aryl and heteroarylsilanes.
Synergistic Copper and Chiral Lewis Base Catalysis for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles
Authors: Shen Jia‐Huan , Tian Fei , Yang Wu‐Lin , Deng Wei‐Ping
Published: August 2021

Main observation and conclusion

The first asymmetric decarboxylative [3+2]‐cycloaddition of ethynyl indoloxazolidones with carboxylic acids has been developed under synergistic catalysis of copper and chiral Lewis base. This protocol provides a direct and modular approach to biologically important pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles bearing two vicinal stereogenic centers with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr and >99% ee). In addition, the utility of this methodology was demonstrated by scaled‐up reaction and several synthetic transformations of the cycloadduct.
Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of Pyrimidopteridine‐Based Organic Photoredox Catalysts
Authors: Taeufer Tobias , Argüello Cordero Miguel A. , Petrosyan Andranik , Surkus Annette‐E. , Lochbrunner Stefan , Pospech Jola
Published: August 2021

Herein we describe the synthesis and photophysical and electrochemical characterization of pyrimidopteridine‐based photoredox catalysts. The pyrimidopteridines can be obtained from the corresponding N‐oxides through photo‐mediated oxygen atom transfer to a sacrificial acceptor molecule on gramscale. The presence of a triplet excited state was evidenced by means of transient absorption spectroscopy. Pyrimidopteridines are potent excited state oxidants with excited state reduction potentials exceeding +2.10 V vs. SCE in MeCN. The catalytic activity is illustrated in the photo‐mediated oxidative annulation of 2‐phenylbenzoic acid.
Syntheses of Triangular Gold Complexes and Their Applications in Hydroamination Reaction
Authors: Li Jia , Li Xujun , Sun Lei , Wang Xiaoshuang , Yuan Lixia , Wu Lingang , Liu Xiang , Wang Yanlan
Published: August 2021

Triangular all‐metal complexes have aroused our research interest due to their unique structural and properties. Herein, through the facile reduction of μ3‐oxo complex [μ3‐O(PPh3Au)3]+BF4− (1), we synthesized and isolated the triphenylphosphine stabilized triangular tri‐gold complex [(PPh3Au)3]+BF4− (2) for the first time (yield=90 %). Both complexes showed interesting photochemical sensitivity to temperatures and solvents. The cyclic voltammetry of these complexes showed one single oxidation process in CH3CN. These tri‐gold complexes (2 mol % based on the complex itself) were further applied in the catalytic hydroaminations for substituted phenylacetylenes with anilines and gave the corresponding imine products with great catalytic reactivity and regioselectivity without aiding any promoters or additives. When the loading of the tri‐gold complexes was decreased to 1.0 mol%, 95 % and 97 % of conversions were obtained using 1 and 2, respectively. When further decreased the catalyst loading to 0.5 mol% in preparative scale, 83 % and 80 % of isolated yields were achieved, respectively. This method presented great significance for the syntheses of a series of imine‐containing pharmaceutical intermediates even in preparative scale. Moreover, the investigations of catalytic mechanisms of this reaction indicated that these tri‐gold complexes played important roles as efficient pre‐catalysts in hydroaminations.
Involvement of P2Y signaling in the restoration of glucose‐induced insulin exocytosis in pancreatic β cells exposed to glucotoxicity
Authors: Mesto Nour , Bailbe Danielle , Eskandar Myriam , Pommier Gaëlle , Gil Stéphanie , Tolu Stefania , Movassat Jamileh , Tourrel‐Cuzin Cécile
Published: August 2021

Purinergic P2Y receptors, by binding adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are known for enhancing glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β cells. However, the impact of these receptors in the actin dynamics and insulin granule exocytosis in these cells is not established, neither in normal nor in glucotoxic environment. In this study, we investigate the involvement of P2Y receptors on the behavior of insulin granules and the subcortical actin network dynamics in INS‐1 832/13 β cells exposed to normal or glucotoxic environment and their role in GSIS. Our results show that the activation of P2Y purinergic receptors by ATP or its agonist increase the insulin granules exocytosis and the reorganization of the subcortical actin network and participate in the potentiation of GSIS. In addition, their activation in INS‐1832/13 β‐cells, with impaired insulin secretion following exposure to elevated glucose levels, restores GSIS competence through the distal steps of insulin exocytosis. These results are confirmed ex vivo by perifusion experiments on islets from type 2 diabetic (T2D) Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) rats. Indeed, the P2Y receptor agonist restores the altered GSIS, which is normally lost in this T2D animal model. Moreover, we observed an improvement of the glucose tolerance, following the acute intraperitoneal injection of the P2Y agonist concomitantly with glucose, in diabetic GK rats. All these data provide new insights into the unprecedented therapeutic role of P2Y purinergic receptors in the pathophysiology of T2D.
Determination of the composition and thickness of chromel and alumel thin films on different substrates by quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis
Authors: Lima de Oblitas Raissa , de Sá Teixeira Fernanda , Salvadori Maria Cecília
Published: August 2021

Thin films of two alloys (chromel and alumel), with thickness less than 100 nm, were obtained by plasma deposition technique, namely filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA). The elemental analyses were performed by quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The applicability of EDS to such thin films as these was established by analysis of films deposited on substrates of different atomic numbers, specifically vitreous carbon, silicon, copper, and tin. We found that a substrate with atomic number similar to the mean atomic number of the film constituents is best for reliable EDS results, when compared to RBS. The compatibility between quantitative EDS measurements and RBS measurements, as well as comparison between the thin film elemental composition and the bulk material composition, was assessed by statistical analysis. Good consistency between EDS and RBS measurements was found for both chromel and alumel thin films when copper was used as substrate material. We observed severely overlapping peaks in the RBS output for the case of alumel films so that EDS analysis was crucial. We also compared thickness measurements determined by EDS and RBS, and we found good agreement for the case of alumel film on copper substrate, and 15% agreement for chromel film on copper substrate.
Physicochemical properties of the dissolved organic carbon can lead to different physiological responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) under neutral and acidic conditions
Authors: Sadauskas‐Henrique Helen , Smith D. Scott , Val Adalberto L. , Wood Chris M.
Published: August 2021

Previous studies have suggested that the capacity of natural dissolved organic carbon (DOC) molecules to interact with biological membranes is associated with their aromaticity (SAC340); origin (allochthonous versus autochthonous, FI); molecular weight (Abs254/365); and relative fluorescence of DOC moieties (PARAFAC analysis). These interactions may be especially important when fish are challenged by acidic waters, which are known to inhibit the active uptake of Na+ and Cl‐, while stimulating diffusive ion losses in freshwater fishes. Therefore, zebrafish were acclimated (7 days, pH 7.0) to five natural DOC sources (10 mg C/L), two from the Amazon Basin and three from Canada, together with a “no‐added DOC” control. After the acclimation, fish were challenged by exposure to acidic water (pH 4.0) for 3 h. Osmoregulatory parameters were measured at pH 7.0 and 4.0. Acclimation to the five DOC sources did not disturb Na+, Cl‐ and ammonia net fluxes, but resulted in differential elevations in Na+, K+ATPase and v‐type H+ATPase activities in fish at pH 7.0. However, after transfer to pH.4.0, the control fish exhibited rapid increases in both enzymes. In contrast the DOC‐ acclimated animals exhibited unchanged (Na+, K+ATPase) or differentially increased (v‐type H+ATPase) activities. Na+, Cl‐ and ammonia net fluxes remained unchanged in the control fish, but were differentially elevated in most of the DOC treatments at pH 4.0, relative to the same DOC treatments at pH 7.0. Correlations between the osmoregulatory data the DOCs properties highlight that the DOC properties drive different effects on gill physiology.
Impact of SMS and peer navigation on retention in HIV care among adults in South Africa: results of a three‐arm cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Steward Wayne T , Agnew Emily , de Kadt Julia , Ratlhagana Mary Jane , Sumitani Jeri , Gilmore Hailey J , Grignon Jessica , Shade Starley B , Tumbo John , Barnhart Scott , Lippman Sheri A
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Few interventions have demonstrated improved retention in care for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub‐Saharan Africa. We tested the efficacy of two personal support interventions – one using text messaging (SMS‐only) and the second pairing SMS with peer navigation (SMS+PN) – to improve HIV care retention over one year.

Methods

In a cluster randomized control trial (NCT# 02417233) in North West Province, South Africa, we randomized 17 government clinics to three conditions: SMS‐only (6), SMS+PN (7) or standard of care (SOC; 4). Participants at SMS‐only clinics received appointment reminders, biweekly healthy living messages and twice monthly SMS check‐ins. Participants at SMS+PN clinics received SMS appointment reminders and healthy living messages and spoke at least twice monthly with peer navigators (PLHIV receiving care) to address barriers to care. Outcomes were collected through biweekly clinical record extraction and surveys at baseline, six and 12 months. Retention in HIV care over one year was defined as clinic visits every three months for participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and CD4 screening every six months for pre‐ART participants. We used generalized estimating equations, adjusting for clustering by clinic, to test for differences across conditions.

Results

Between October 2014 and April 2015, we enrolled 752 adult clients recently diagnosed with HIV (SOC: 167; SMS‐only: 289; SMS+PN: 296). Individuals in the SMS+PN arm had approximately two more clinic visits over a year than those in other arms (p < 0.01) and were more likely to be retained in care over one year than those in SOC clinics (54% vs. 38%; OR: 1.77, CI: 1.02, 3.10). Differences between SMS+PN and SOC conditions remained significant when restricting analyses to the 628 participants on ART (61% vs. 45% retained; OR: 1.78, CI: 1.08, 2.93). The SMS‐only intervention did not improve retention relative to SOC (40% vs. 38%, OR: 1.12, CI: 0.63, 1.98).

Conclusions

A combination of SMS appointment reminders with personalized, peer‐delivered support proved effective at enhancing retention in HIV care over one year. While some clients may only require appointment reminders, the SMS+PN approach offers increased flexibility and tailored, one‐on‐one support for patients struggling with more substantive challenges.
Preparative isolation of antioxidative gallic acid derivatives from Saxifraga tangutica using a class separation method based on medium‐pressure liquid chromatography and reversed‐phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Dang Jun , Wang Qi , Wang Qilan , Yuan Chen , Li Gang , Ji Tengfei
Published: August 2021

Saxifraga tangutica is widely used as a medicinal herb to treat hepatic diseases. Here, we developed a class separation method to separate gallic acid derivatives 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors from the methanol extract of Saxifraga tangutica. Firstly, an MCI GEL CHP20P medium‐pressure liquid chromatography was used to pretreat the crude extract from Saxifraga tangutica (500 g) and the target sample (fraction Fr1, 1.7 g) was obtained. Then, an online reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl assay was employed for recognizing potential 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors and six 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors fractions were recognized from fraction Fr1. Subsequently, the six 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors fractions were isolated via a ReproSil‐Pur C18 AQ preparative column. During the separation process, the hydrophilic liquid chromatography was used to enrich the target compounds (Fr1‐3‐1‐1 and Fr1‐3‐1‐2) from the fraction Fr1‐3, which were hardly isolated only by one step reversed‐phase liquid chromatography. Finally, six gallic acid derivatives were obtained and identified as gallic acid (Fr1‐1‐1), gallic acid 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside (Fr1‐1‐2), protocatechuic acid (Fr1‐2), 4‐O‐galloyl‐(‐)‐shikimic acid (Fr1‐3‐1‐1), 5‐O‐galloyl‐(‐)‐shikimic acid (Fr1‐3‐1‐2), and 3‐O‐galloyl‐shikimic acid (Fr1‐4), respectively. Thus, the present study indicated that this method was highly efficient for the preparative separation of gallic acid derivatives 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors from natural products.
Nutrient addition enhances carbon sequestration in soil but not plant biomass in a coastal shelter plantation in South China
Authors: Fan Yingxu , Wang Faming , Sayer Emma J. , Liu Zhanfeng , Mo Qifeng , Xu Xin , Li Yingwen , Zou Bi , Li Yongxing , Zhang Jingfan , Li Zhian
Published: August 2021

Casuarina equisetifolia plantations have been widely established along tropical and subtropical coasts, where they act as a windbreak to shelter coastal areas. These shelter plantations also fulfill another important ecosystem service by sequestering large amounts of carbon (C). However, shelter plantations are usually established on nutrient‐poor sand dunes, which may limit tree growth and therefore C sequestration rates. To assess whether fertilization increases the C sequestration of coastal shelter plantations, we conducted a fertilization experiment in a young C. equisetifolia plantation with four treatments: nitrogen addition (+N), phosphorus addition (+P), nitrogen and phosphorus addition (+NP), and controls (CK). We quantified nutrient availability and annual net ecosystem production (NEP) during the key early establishment phase. Fertilization with +N and +P significantly increased ammonium‐N and extractable P in the surface soils and the N and P concentrations of branches, respectively. Surprisingly, the mean growth rate of C. equisetifolia plantations (24.59 ± 0.66 Mg ha−1 yr−1) was not affected by fertilization. The mean NEP was 6.18 ± 0.49 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, and there was no difference among fertilization treatments. However, soil organic C significantly increased by 41% and 36% with +N and +P, respectively, but not +NP. C. equisetifolia plantations can sequester large amounts of C in biomass on poor soils without the need for additional nutrients, although fertilization may enhance soil C storage. Considering the potential large planting area, we suggest that coastal C. equisetifolia shelter plantations could be an important nature‐based solution for climate change mitigation in coastal regions.
Effect of Substituents in Mussel‐inspired Surface Primers on their Oxidation and Priming Efficiency
Authors: Ganesh Karuppasamy , Jung Jaewon , Woo Park Jun , Kim Byeong‐Su , Seo Sungbaek
Published: August 2021

Marine mussels contain an abundant catechol moiety, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), in their interfacial foot proteins. DOPA contributes to both surface adhesion and bridging between the surface and overhead proteins (surface priming) by taking advantage of the unique redox properties of catechol. Inspired by the mussel surface priming mechanism, herein we synthesized a series of DOPA‐mimetic analogs – a bifunctional group molecule, consisting of a catechol group and an acrylic group at the opposite ends. The surface primers with differently substituted (−COOH, −CH3) alkyl chains in the middle spacer were synthesized. Time‐dependent oxidation and redox potentials of the surface primers were studied in an oxidizing environment to gain a better understanding of the mussel‘s redox chemistry. The thickness and degree of priming of the surface primers on silicon‐based substrates were analyzed by ellipsometry and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The post‐reactivity of the acrylic groups of the primed layer was first visualized through a reaction with an acrylic group‐reactive dye.
A cultural ecosystem service perspective on the interactions between humans and soils in gardens
Authors: Teuber Sandra
Published: August 2021

Gardens are culturally shaped environments in which natural processes can be experienced. Thus, they offer insights into the relation people have with these processes and the biophysical domain. This includes soils and plants, as these are the natural materials gardeners work with regularly.

A cultural ecosystem service (CES) perspective might help to understand interactions between the gardeners and the environment, for example, soils. This could provide insights for scientists, public stakeholders and non‐governmental organizations to raise awareness for ecosystem services (ES) of soils.

Understanding how gardens are created and used, requires studies from the natural sciences but also from the humanities and social sciences. The natural sciences provide insights into soil properties, biodiversity, plant requirements and the water cycle, while the humanities and social sciences are needed to understand identity formation, social and cultural practices, belief systems and psychological aspects connected to gardening.

Inter‐ and transdisciplinary research can then inform scientists, gardeners, policy makers and educators as well as the general public about CES. This can be used to develop educational programs and measures to protect these valuable CES as well as the general ES of gardens and soils.
Cancer care for people with mental disorders: A qualitative survey among cancer care and psychiatric care professionals in Japan
Authors: Etoh Tsuyoshi , Fujiwara Masaki , Yamada Yuto , Wada Riho , Higuchi Yuji , Inoue Shinichiro , Kodama Masafumi , Matsushita Takanori , Yoshimura Yusaku , Horii Shigeo , Fujimori Maiko , Kakeda Kyoko , Shimazu Taichi , Nakaya Naoki , Tabata Masahiro , Uchitomi Yosuke , Yamada Norihito , Inagaki Masatoshi
Published: August 2021

Objective

It is widely assumed that there are multiple levels (from individual to policy level) of problems involving disparities in cancer care for people with mental disorders. However, few studies have comprehensively investigated issues as perceived by medical professionals. The purpose of the present study was to identify a wide range of issues in cancer care for people with mental disorders and offer corresponding solutions for both cancer care professionals and psychiatric care professionals.

Methods

We distributed open‐ended questionnaires to 754 healthcare professionals in various medical facilities, including designated cancer hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, and other local healthcare/welfare facilities. Participants were asked to describe issues in cancer care for people with mental disorders.

Results

Of the 754 recruited professionals, 439 (58.2%) responded to the questionnaire. Sixty‐one issues were extracted and categorized into 10 categories: patient factors; isolation and lack of support; obstacles to transport; socioeconomic factors; attitudes of psychiatric professionals; medical system of psychiatric hospitals; attitudes of cancer care professionals; medical system of designated cancer hospitals; regional cancer medical systems; and lack of coordination among multidisciplinary healthcare professionals. Forty‐eight specific solutions were summarized into 12 goals.

Conclusions

The present study widely identified issues causing disparities in cancer care for patients with mental disorders. We found that the issues extended from the patient level to the public‐policy level. Our findings suggest the need for a multidisciplinary approach that includes both cancer and psychiatric care professionals to address the gap in cancer care for people with mental disorders.
1: Invited Paper: The Application of LTPS in Automotive Large Size Display
Authors: Jun Li
Published: August 2021

With the development of 5G technology, artificial intelligence and autonomous driving technology, cars are gradually transforming to intelligent and digital. Once driverless technology is implemented, the cars are likely to become a third space. In this third space, whether it is a passenger or a driver, the demand for office and entertainment will continue to grow. So having a high definition screen and a good human‐computer interaction system are essential for this cars. As cars move towards digitalization, there are more and more screens in the cars, and more and more dual screens or multiple screens are used in the cluster and center control area. But there are different levels of chromatic aberration between different screens and the interaction between different screens is more complicated. A larger screen can achieve better optical taste and make the interaction between different function areas easier, it is becoming a trend to replace the dual or multiple screens. LTPS(Low Temperature Poly Silicon) has the higher electronic mobility, it is easier to achieve high resolution, high frequency, in‐cell touch integration and large screen. The displays based on LTPS technology can meet the development demands of vehicle displays, will be more and more widely used in the automotive display field. This paper will introduce the application of LTPS technology in automotive medium and large size display.
1.1: Invited Paper: Virtual Visor: Adding Intelligence to LCD Displays to Selectively Block Sunlight
Authors: Zink Jason , Todd Ryan , Kumbar Manjunath , Biyani Arun , Huang Xinyu , Ren Liu
Published: August 2021

A typical liquid crystal display (LCD) uses the liquid crystal to selectively modulate a constant backlight to produce an image for viewing. The Bosch Virtual Visor reuses this concept by employing a liquid crystal display as a sun visor to selectively block environmental light in an automotive setting. Instead of producing images for viewing, the Virtual Visor is designed to maximize a driver's ability to see the equivalent of its backlight — the scene in front of the driver. This requires perception and comprehension of the dynamic lighting conditions both inside and outside of the vehicle, and dynamic adaptation to each unique driver. The end result is a 90% improvement in visibility through the sun visor, dramatically improving driver visibility.
5.4: The Effects of 0.01% Atropine on Adult Myopes' Contrast Sensitivity
Authors: Cheng Ziyun , Mei Jianhui , Cao Suqi , Zhang Ran , Zhou Jiawei , Wang Yuwen
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Atropine at a low concentration is considered a safe and effective treatment to mitigate myopia progression. However, the potential unwanted side effects of administering atropine at a low dose on visual functions other than best corrected visual acuity has not been investigated. In this study, we investigate the short‐term (12, 16, and 20 h) and long‐term (1, 2, and 4 weeks) effects of 0.01% atropine (i.e., 0.1 mg/ml) on contrast sensitivity (CS) in patients with myopia.

Methods: Thirty adults (23.33 ± 2.93 years old) with myopia between −1.00 and −6.00 diopters (D), astigmatism of −1.50 D or less, and anisometropia of 1.00 D or less, participated in this prospective, masked, placebo‐controlled, randomized study. The participants were randomly assigned to receive 0.01% atropine or polyvinyl alcohol eye drops once nightly to both eyes for four weeks. CS was measured binocularly at baseline and 12, 16, 20 h, 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the first use of the eye drops.

Results: There was no statistically significant differences of CS found between atropine and placebo‐controlled groups in both short‐term and long‐term. There was no statistically significant interaction effect found between the time and group.

Conclusion: We demonstrated no significant deleterious effect of 0.01% atropine on adult myopes' CS.
8.3: Invited Paper: GTO‐TFT deposited using Mist‐CVD
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Takishita Yuta , Okamoto Ryugo , Matsuda Tokiyoshi
Published: August 2021

A GTO‐TFT deposited using the mist‐CVD has been developed. The authors are focusing on GTO devices because they do not include rare metals such as In, and industrial issues on supply shortage and resource depletion can be resolved. One the other hand, a mist‐CVD is one of the deposition methods without vacuum environment also for AOS devices, and it is expected that they can be manufactured at an extremely low cost. In this paper, the GTO film is actually deposited using the mist‐CVD, and the GTO TFT is also actually fabricated. The XRD pattern and SEM image show that the GTO film is sometimes crystallized. The optical absorption shows that the bandgap is 3.7 eV. The transistor characteristic shows that a transistor behavior is surely achieved.
10.1: Invited Paper: High Uniformity High Color Performance AMOLED Display in Mobile Phone Application
Authors: Wang Tsang-hong , Zhang Kai , Li Chun-yang , Huang Hsin-wei , Wang Gang , Gang-Cheng  , Huang Ying-long , Kao ShanChen
Published: August 2021

With the resolution and PPI increasing trend of AMOLED, high uniformity high color performance displays face great challenges. For high resolution and larger size, the color and brightness uniformity will get worse. In this paper, a method is proposed to improve brightness and color uniformity, therefore, the high quality picture display is achieved.
13.5: Solution processed blue organic light emitting diodes with single component emitters crosslinkable below 150 °C for solution process
Authors: Lee Da Hwan , Ha Hyein , Lee Kanghyuck , Lee Jihoon , Suh Min Chul
Published: August 2021

A solution processed blue organic light emitting diodes was fabricated by using single component crosslinkable blue emitting materials. We successfully reduced a crosslinking temperaturedown to 135 °C by applying unique cyclic crosslinking units. From first blue emitting material, we obtained 7.86 cd/A of maximum current efficiency (CE) and 2.90 % of external quantum efficiency. And, we modified such material to give deeper blue OLED showing (0.16, 0.13) in CIE 1931 coordinate.
14.1: PS Design and Chirography Study of Pressure Sensing and Bistable Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Writing Board
Authors: Wu Xiaojuan , Wang Jiaxing , Zhao Yu , Ge Yang , Wang Jian , Yu Hongjun , Wang Xiuliang , Che Chuncheng , Xue Hailin
Published: August 2021

Writing board with cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) will open a chalk‐free and eye‐protected education thanks to its pressure sensing, light reflected, rewritable, bistable, selective and locally erasable characteristics. Here, photo spacer (PS) design and chirography property of CLC writing board were studied. To obtain certain width and uniform writing chirography, PS is designed orderly and located in pixel area without metal line. It was found that with increasing the PS supporting area and decreasing the height of PS (PSH), the width of chirography decreases. This phenomenon was resulted from the mechanism of pressure transmission through PS and CLCs. In addition, with the same supporting area the smaller the PS density, the finer the handwriting. Finally, the central value of the chirography width is controlled at 3 mm in 63.8 inch product.
16.1: Invited Paper: Self‐Regulating Liquid Crystal Windows for Energy Saving
Authors: Oh Seung-Won , Kim Sang-Hyeok , Yoon Tae-Hoon
Published: August 2021

A self‐regulating liquid crystal (LC) smart window whose reflectance can be controlled by ambient conditions is demonstrated. Thermally‐ or optically‐induced switching between the transparent state and a near‐infrared (NIR) reflective state can be used for energy‐saving windows. Reflection of NIR can reduce the energy used for cooling while remaining transparent to visible light.
21.2: The Design and Optimization of Dual‐Camera based Eye Tracking System for Dynamic Autostereoscopic 3D Display
Authors: Kang Jianghui , Jia Jia , Pu Yiying , Lu Min , Tan Baolin , Wu Yu , Chen Jingyu
Published: August 2021

Eye‐tracking based autostereoscopic 3D display is a promising technology to provide high resolution and low crosstalk stereoscopic images to the user without wearing any glasses. However, current systems fail to provide satisfactory viewing experience due to inherent latency caused by the tracking camera system and algorithm computation time and the low reliability of tracking algorithms, especially when users are in fast motion. High instantaneous crosstalk and intermittent interference patterns will be observed, which significantly degrades the immersive level of the viewing experience. This becomes even worse when the autostereoscopic 3D display is used to provide a simulated reality (SR) experience, in which the user constantly moves the head to explore the virtual reality space from different viewing directions. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a dual‐camera tracking system, focusing on the key design factors to improve its tracking reliability and reduce the user perceived latency. For the latter, it leverages motion prediction and compensate the latency with predictive rendering technique. To measure the performance, this paper defines the Perceived Autostereoscopic 3D Display Motion to Picture (PAMTP) latency to represent the impact of the system latency on the viewing experience. PAMTP latency and the instantaneous crosstalk are evaluated via simulations and experiments, which show our method can reduce the instantaneous crosstalk by nearly 70% and provide highly reliable tracking.
25.2: Invited Paper: MicroLED Metrology: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Steinel Tobias , Schanz Roland , Bui Duc Anh , Wolf Martin
Published: August 2021

Manufacturing tolerances of color and luminance in µLED production can be rather high compared to standard display technologies. The resulting spectral variations in peak wavelength and bandwidth can affect the accuracy of imaging light measurement devices (ILMD). We address these challenges and provide experimental validation of an enhanced calibration concept, where the accuracy of a spectroradiometer is transferred to a coupled imaging RGB‐camera colorimeter, taking into account possible spectral variations of µLEDs. We validate the concept by comparing such imaging colorimeter measurements of a µLED array to sequential spectrally resolved spot measurements of the individual µLEDs of the array.
25.3: A Fine Correction Method for Improving the Full Grayscale Uniformity of Mini‐LED Display
Authors: Xia Daxue , Yang Jianfeng , Chen Lin , Wang Jie , Zhiming  , Wang  , Li Dishan , Xie RenLi
Published: August 2021

As a new display technology, Mini‐LED has more and more broad prospects. However, there are some difficult problems, such as Mass Transfer, yield, Uniformity of brightness and chroma. In order to improve the uniformity, especially the low grayscale, we propose a fine full grayscale correction method, which includes precise pixel‐by‐pixel brightness and chroma extraction algorithm and level‐by‐level full grayscale correction algorithm. To ensure the uniformity of the interior of the cabinet and between the cabinets, the full‐color viewing angle compensation and adaptive cabinet edge seam correction algorithm is also proposed, which can realize the arbitrary splicing of the cabinets.
25.5: Characteristics of CMOS‐based Micro LED Display by using Digital Modulation Technology
Authors: Shieh Chen-Yu , Tsai Chun-Wei
Published: August 2021

It is well known that the challenges of micro LED display have high efficiency in small pixel pitch, mass transfer vs monolithic technology, Yield, single panel full color, and uniformity correction. We demonstrate a micro LED display based on Complementary Metal‐O xide‐Semiconductor (CMOS) Backplane by using Dig ital modulation Technology. Existing photoelectric me asurement equipment combined with CMOS backplane platform can observe full Pixel level electrical and optical distribution of micro LED display. The electrical characteristics of micro LED is 2.55‐V‐forward‐voltage at 10‐nA‐operating‐current. In addition, it can realize uniformity correction technology.
32.2: Invited Paper: Embedding PbS Quantum Dots (QDs) in MAPbCl0.5Br2.5 Perovskite Single Crystal for Near‐infrared Detection
Authors: Liu Shilin , Yan Shikai , Li Qing
Published: August 2021

Organometal lead‐halide perovskites demonstrate excellent photovoltaic performance in the visible (Vis) region. However, their lack of response in the near‐infrared (NIR) region limits their applications in broadband photodetectors. Here, PbS Quantum Dots (QDs) were successfully embedded in MAPbCl0.5Br2.5 single crystal by solution‐processed epitaxial growth. Perovskites can effectively passivate QDs or act as efficient charge transporters. The mobility of MAPbCl0.5Br2.5 with 1 wt% PbS QDs crystal is about 85 cm2/(V‐S), which is similar to that of pure MAPbCl0.5Br2.5 single crystal. Meanwhile the composite crystal exhibited a broadband response wavelength from the Vis (625 nm) to the NIR (850 nm) with fast response times (τon/τoff = 6/9 ms and τon/τoff = 19/43 ms in the visible and NIR regions, respectively). These results suggest that we have obtained high‐quality composite crystals.
32.3: Invited Paper: The Development Trend of High‐end NB Technology
Authors: He Jian
Published: August 2021

By comparing the performance indicators of the three different types of TFT‐LCD process technology, low‐temperature polysilicon (LTPS), oxide and amorphous silicon (a‐Si) products, it is found that LTPS, due to its high electron mobility, can meet the future demand for high‐end notebook products, covering the product types of long‐lasting, light and thin business notebooks, high‐brightness and wide frame rate (WFR) gaming notebooks, in which LTPS products have shown obvious advantages. Through the analysis of the existing LTPS technology, the development trend of high‐end notebooks in the next few years is given, including LCM border, power consumption, WFR and in‐cell touch.
34.4: High electrical stability nanocrystalline silicon BCE TFTs for outdoor display application on large glass substrates
Authors: Mai Jiaying , Jiang Zhixiong , Xu Hongyuan , Zhu Maoxia , Hu Cong , Wang Xu , Son Woosung
Published: August 2021

We have fabricated high stability nanocrystalline silicon (NanoSi) on large glass substrate and investigated the effects of silane content ratio (SC), power, space and pressure on NanoSi thin‐film growth, deposition rate and its electrical characteristics on bottom‐gate back‐channel etch TFTs using 4 mask process. The single film results show that the key factors affecting the deposition rate are power and silane content and a suitable thickness is benifit for high mobility TFT manufacture. Multiple sets of data show that the main impact factor for electrical charecteristics of NanoSi TFTs is SC and pressure. Through the analysis of bias stress data, we can find that the electrical stability of NanoSi TFTs is better than that of a‐Si:H TFTs with lower Vth shift about 2.22 V of PBTIS and ‐1.29 V of NBTIS. It is because the defect state of NanoSi is produced by charge trapping and is negligible.
39.2: Fast layer‐based algorithm in computer‐generated holography by using the frequency sparsity of hologram
Authors: Jia Jia
Published: August 2021

Fast layer‐based is proposed to speed up the calculation of computer‐generated holograms. In a layer‐based method, each layer image may contain large areas in which the pixel values are zero considering the occlusion effect among the different depth layers. By taking advantage of this feature, the fast algorithm only calculates the non‐zero image areas of each layer. In addition, two one‐dimensional fast Fourier transforms (1DFFT) are implemented to compute a 2DFFT without calculating the rows or columns in which the image pixels are all zero. Since the size of the active calculation is reduced, the computational speed is considerably improved. Numerical simulations and optical experiments are performed to confirm these methods. The results show that the total computational time can be reduced by 5 times for a three‐dimensional (3D) object of a train with 50 depth layers.
47.5: An improvement method to achieve switchable anti‐spy display based on ECB mode
Authors: Xiong Peicheng , Li Aiyuan , Huang Xingchen , Wang Qiusheng , Zou Zhiming , Wu Zirong , Hong Junbin , Chen Wenjian
Published: August 2021

In this article, we propose an switchable anti‐spy display device, which has two modes. And we creatively propose to use a brightness enhancement film with polarization function to improve the brightness of the vertical view. In the anti‐spy mode, the display content cannot be clearly recognized by human eyes on the left and right side, but it can be recognized in other directions. In the sharing mode, the display contents can be seen clearly from all perspectives. The anti‐spy display device includes an anti‐spy module and a display module, which is used to display the information, and the anti‐ spy module is used for switching between the sharing mode and the anti‐spy mode. This anti‐spy display device can protect personal privacy and share information with friends or colleagues.
49.1: Invited Paper: Opportunities of Liquid Crystal Polarization Holograms in Augmented and Virtual Reality Optics & Display Systems
Authors: Lu Lu , Masood Taha , Silverstein Barry
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the opportunities for Liquid Crystal Polarization Holograms (LCPHs) in Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality(VR) Optics & Display Systems, and how do we commercialize this this LCPH technology? We invite lithography tool vendors, liquid crystal material suppliers and LCD manufacturers to work together with us to enable the adaptation of this promising and transformational LCPH technology in the AR/VR field and beyond.
49.5: True Glass‐based Micro‐display with 3µm pixel size using Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal for VR/AR Displays
Authors: Sun Zhibo , Yuan Zhengnan , Cheung Alex , Shi Runxiao , Kwok Hoi-Sing , Srivastava A. K.
Published: August 2021

A glass‐based micro‐display with pixel size (<3µm) has been fabricated and verified in this work using deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal. High contrast (over 600:1), fast response time (< 400μs) and continuous gray scale within 5 V driving voltage are achieved in the prototype.
54.3: Invited Paper: Ultra‐high Contrast LCD Displays: Enabling Pixel‐Level Dimming with Dual‐Cell OLCDs
Authors: Cain Paul
Published: August 2021

An increasingly common approach to significantly increasing contrast of an LCD is to use a dual cell structure, and there are now a growing range of TVs shipping that use this approach on glass. Whilst these glass‐based dual cell HDR displays have many strengths, there are some trade‐offs that arise because of the significant inter‐cell separation caused by the thickness of the glass substrates, which is much larger than the pixel pitch for TVs. Some of these limitations can be overcome with additional compensation films, but this introduces additional cost and further trade‐offs. FlexEnable's low temperature organic TFT process allows LCD cells to be built on plastic film instead of glass (OLCD), allowing the inter‐cell separation to be reduced drastically. We summarize recent work where in a first case ultra‐thin TAC film is used as a substrate, and then take this further in using the polarizer itself as the substrate. This will enable not only the contrast but also for the first time true pixel‐level dimming akin to OLEDs, but with LCD‐like cost structure.
56.5: Pupil Swim Suppression in Augmented Reality (AR) Waveguide Combiner
Authors: Zhao Xin , Liu Feng , Zheng Yu
Published: August 2021

Pupil Swim refers to change in extent of distortion when human eye moves in exit pupil of near eye display. Though this artifact is rarely discussed in normal metrics of augmented combiner, it deteriorates the long‐time viewing experience of AR headsets. Previously, this phenomenon was noticeable to public in virtual reality (VR) optics with large field of view.[3] We recently take a survey and find similar occurrence in AR products, especially in geometric waveguide with large FOV and small F/#. In this work, we first give a phenomenal description of this issue and research on the optical aberrations creating this artifact. To address pupil swim, a practical design methodology was proposed based on a comprehensive discussion inclusive of the interaction of human vision and project virtual image. Future directions like using catoptric design were proposed to further suppress the pupil swim and improve the visual comfort of near eye display.
P‐1.1: A 10.95” High Transparent 120Hz IGZO in‐Cell Touch LCD with a Stylus Pen
Authors: Su Chih-Yu , Kuo P.-S. , Lee Chang-Yeh , Huang Jhih-Jie , Hsu Han-Tung , Liu Shao-Fan , Wang Mengchan , Wang Qiang , Huo An-Bang , Chen Xin , Ruan Sangsang , Tseng Chih-Yuan
Published: August 2021

A 10.95” in cell touch LCD with IGZO backplane was developed in this work. The transmittance is as high as 6.65% with APCF. The 120 Hz frame rate reduces the latency on the stylus pen. The middle com structure with organic layer can decrease the parasitic capacitance of common electrode which influences the SNR of pen.
P‐1.2: All‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors for Low‐Voltage‐Operation Circuits
Authors: Deng Sunbin , Chen Rongsheng , Xu Yuming , Zhong Wei , Dong Shou-Cheng , Li Guijun , Zhang Meng , Yeung Fion Sze Yan , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: August 2021

This work reports fully transparent all‐oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) and circuits with high electrical performance under a one‐volt operation. By configuring a high oxygen partial pressure ratio in the deposition of indium‐tin oxide (ITO) source/drain (S/D) pads, non‐ohmic S/D contacts were formed to regulate a noise‐level off‐state current and a nearly‐zero turn‐on voltage for the devices. Depending on different post‐annealing time, the one‐volt operation was realized in both normally‐on and normally‐off TFTs. Among various unipolar‐TFT‐based inverters, the one composed of the normally‐off devices exhibited a record small power‐delay product of ∼0.35 pJ. These results are applicable to the development of energy‐efficient wearable electronics.
P‐3.6: A training system for the rescue process of acute and severe diseases based on AR
Authors: Jiang Lin , Zhao Sensen , Wang Lijun
Published: August 2021

China is one of the countries with the most serious natural disasters in the world. Hidden dangers and risks of all kinds of accidents are intertwined and superimposed, and the factors affecting public safety are increasing. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of emergency medical rescue capacity. During the nineteenth collective learning of the Central Political Bureau, general secretary Xi Jinping stressed that we should strengthen the capacity building of aviation emergency rescue and improve the airspace guarantee mechanism for emergency rescue. As the most important aerial medical evacuation platform, helicopter has the advantages of fast response, strong mobility, wide rescue range, direct arrival at the first line of treatment, etc. it has become an important means of modern rescue, and also the only way to open life treatment in case of land damage. From the international experience, the helicopter emergency medical system established by most developed countries plays an important role in disaster relief and anti‐terrorism. China has a large population, complex terrain and uneven regional development. In case of disasters, the casualties are often more severe and the demand for treatment is more urgent. It is urgent to establish an aviation medical emergency rescue system suitable for the national conditions and with helicopters as the main carrier, and accelerate the research and development of key technical equipment.

In recent years, more and more people realize the necessity and benefits of the application of interactive technology for aviation medical simulation training in major events and disasters. Interaction refers to the transmission and exchange of intelligence, data, data and technical knowledge in all aspects of nature and society. From the perspective of information theory, local chronicles are a tangible text information carrier, which collects all kinds of information in a certain region. Interactive technology is to use certain means to achieve the purpose of interaction, and gradually enter the era of multi field application! In thefield of aviation medical rescue, it is in urgent need of penetration and integration.

This paper mainly develops an AR emergency rescue process training system. Through the creation of data sets, action recognition based on computer vision and deep learning, the selection of recognition model and action capture, the action is recognized based on AR, and then 22 joint points of human hand and upper arm skeleton are taken to label the data space position. Through the above learning results, we can get the real‐time hand recognition based on depth information Upper arm skeleton output. Neural network is used to recognize human skeleton action. The skeleton information coordinates are imported into RNN neural network for deep learning. Finally, based on the complementarity of CNN and LSTM, combined with the idea of dual stream structure network, the action recognition is carried out.