bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correcting Doppler Shifts in He II 30.38 nm Line by Using the EVE and AIA Data from Solar Dynamics Observatory
Authors: Cheng Zhixun , Wang Yuming , Liu Rui
Published: April 2021

The Extreme-ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory detects the solar EUV spectra with high temporal cadence and spectral resolution. The wavelength shifts of emission lines provide key information of the dynamics of the Sun. However, some of EVE spectral observations are influenced by the non-uniformly distributed irradiance on the Sun, which may prevent us from correctly understanding the physical processes happening in the solar corona. Here, based on the only published on-orbit calibration data of EVE He II 30.38 nm line on 2011 January 27, we develop a method to correct the He II 30.38 nm line by using AIA 304 imaging data. This correction method is then applied to EVE He II 30.38 nm data from 2010 October 29 to 2011 March 3 to study the Doppler oscillations of the solar He II 30.38 nm line, in which we show that the half-month periodic Doppler oscillation is caused by non-uniformly distributed irradiance mainly due to the presence of active regions. Other EVE coronal lines also present similar Doppler oscillations, suggesting that an appropriate correction must be implemented before interpreting the oscillation phenomena appearing in these lines.
OPTIMETA – Strengthening the Open Access publishing system through open citations and spatiotemporal metadata
Authors: Hauschke Christian , Nüst Daniel , Cordts Anette , Lilienthal Svantje
Published: April 2021

The BMBF project OPTIMETA aims to strengthen the Open Access publishing system by connecting open citations and spatiotemporal metadata from open access journals with openly accessible data sources. For this purpose, we will extend Open Journal Systems (OJS) to give it functionalities for collecting and distributing open data by developing two OJS plugins for capturing citation networks and articles' spatial and temporal properties as machine-readable and accessible metadata. We will ensure the target group-orientated design of the plugins by performing a comprehensive needs analysis for key stakeholders: the editors or operators of OA journals and the researchers, as authors and readers of articles. The developments will be designed and tested in cooperation with several independent journals and OA publishers. Overall, OPTIMETA supports the attraction of independent OA journals as publication venues by substantially improving the discoverability and visibility of OA publications through enrichment and interlinking of article metadata.
A new species of Liphistius from Myanmar and description of the actual male of L. birmanicus Thorell, 1897 (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae)
Authors: Xu Xin , Yu Li , Aung Khin Pyae Pyae , Yu Long , Liu Fengxiang , Lwin Wai Wai , Sang Men Zing , Li Daiqin
Published: April 2021

Five Liphistius Schiödte, 1849 species of the primitively segmented spider family Liphistiidae are currently known from Myanmar. Here, we described a new species, Liphistius pyinoolwinsp. nov. (♂♀), which was collected from Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, diagnosed based on its genital morphology. The specimens (2♂♂, 5♀♀) collected by Walter C. Sedgwick from Pyin Oo Lwin in 1982 were misidentified as L. birmanicus Thorell, 1897 and are treated here as the newly described species. Accordingly, we described the males of L. birmanicus for the first time, redescribed its female, using newly collected specimens from Yadò, Than Taung and Kalekho Atet townships, Kayin State. We also provided information on the variation in genital morphology of both species, and their relationships within the birmanicus-group of species.
Investigation of the Amathillopsidae (Amphipoda, Crustacea), including the description of a new species, reveals a clinging lifestyle in the deep sea worldwide
Authors: Lörz Anne-Nina , Horton Tammy
Published: April 2021

Amathillopsidae is a widely distributed, but rarely sampled family of deep-sea amphipods. During a recent expedition to the North Atlantic, specimens were filmed clinging to a polychaete tube in situ at abyssal depths by a Remote Operated Vehicle and then sampled for further study. The species was new to science and is described in detail herein. A barcode sequence is provided. Further investigations of photographic and video records revealed the genusAmathillopsisto be more widely distributed, both geographically and bathymetrically, than indicated by current literature records, and that these species occur at abyssal depths in all oceans. Specimens ofAmathillopsisare reported clinging to a variety of different organisms whose erect structures provide the means to raise these charismatic deep-sea predators above the seafloor facilitating feeding opportunities.
À propos de la violence terroriste
Authors: Meunier Anne
Published: April 2021

L’étude précise de son trajet, décrit par David Vallat dans son livre autobiographique Terreur de jeunesse , confirme la thèse soutenue par la psychanalyste Geneviève Morel, dans Terroristes, les raisons intimes d’un fléau global. La singularité du cas de ce djihadiste, la suite de ses petits choix en lien avec des événements intimes et son ultime décision, donne un aperçu sur l’universel de la violence terroriste.
Violence et différence
Authors: Arzur Jean-Michel
Published: April 2021

Dans Télévision , Lacan met en lien la montée du racisme avec les exactions dont est capable l’homme lorsque les modes de jouissance se mêlent. La violence est donc signalée au point même où un certain type de ségrégation, ordonnée par les discours, ne fait plus son office et laisse libre cours à une autre modalité de ségrégation.
Parole, lisière de l’obscur
Authors: Geneste Bruno
Published: April 2021

La question de la parole est ici abordée dans son rapport au poème tel que l’a conçu et voulu Paul Celan. Dans l’après-coup de la Shoah, sa conception du poème insiste sur une ré-affectation nécessaire de la langue… par lalangue . Nous en étudierons ici la portée pour la responsabilité éthique de l’analyste ainsi que pour son acte.
Le microcrédit solidaire et individuel : impact sur la croissance des très petites entreprises féminines marocaines
Authors: Tani Wafaa , Bari Imane
Published: April 2021

L’objectif de cet article est d’expliquer les liens éventuels entre, d’une part, le financement par le microcrédit solidaire et individuel et, d’autre part, la croissance des Très Petites Entreprises (TPE) féminines marocaines en termes de revenu net et d’effectif. Ce travail nous mène au questionnement ci-après : Quel est l’impact du passage des prêts solidaires aux prêts individuels sur la croissance des TPE féminines marocaines ? Pour y répondre, nous avons combiné une analyse théorique avec des données empiriques, issues d’une étude quantitative réalisée auprès de quatre-vingts entrepreneurs femmes installées au Grand Agadir. Les résultats montrent que le passage des prêts solidaires aux prêts individuels contribue à la croissance des TPE en termes de revenus nets. Toutefois, l’impact portant sur les effectifs n’est pas significatif, ce qui nous amène à proposer de nouvelles avenues de recherche.
Réflexions sur le pouvoir genré, les femmes entrepreneures et la RSE
Authors: Neiter Viviane
Published: April 2021

À l’heure d’une crise inédite, il est intéressant de s’interroger sur les impacts potentiels de la présence active et croissante de femmes sur le fonctionnement des différentes instances de décision et aussi sur les obstacles à leur féminisation. L’article repose sur une réflexion managériale, sociologique et philosophique sur ces questions.
Artificial Intelligence Efficiently Identifies Regional Differences in the Progression of Tomographic Parameters of Keratoconic Corneas
Authors: Shetty Rohit , Kundu Gairik , Narasimhan Raghav , Khamar Pooja , Gupta Krati , Singh Niharika , Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. , Sinha Roy Abhijit
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:

To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to effectively assess local versus global progression of keratoconus using multiple tomographic parameters.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed as having keratoconus. A total of 1,884 Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) scans of 366 eyes (296 patients) were analyzed. Based on an increase in maximum anterior curvature (Kmax), the eyes were classified as actual “progression” and “no progression.” The corresponding changes in other Pentacam parameters were incorporated to train and cross-validate (five-fold) the AI models. Three AI models were trained (an increase in Kmax by A = 0.75 diopters [D], B = 1.00 D, and C = 1.25 D). The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and classification accuracy, along with other metrics, were evaluated.

RESULTS:

The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and classification accuracy were 0.90, 85%, 82%, and 83%, respectively, for Model A; 0.91, 86%, 82%, and 88%, respectively, for Model B; and 0.93, 89%, 81%, and 91%, respectively, for Model C. All models also predicted that 60% to 62% of the actual progression eyes had concomitant progression-associated changes in the other Pentacam parameters (global progression). However, there was discordance between increase in Kmax and concomitant associated changes in the other parameters in 38.8% to 40% of the eyes (local progression).

CONCLUSIONS:

The AI models identified the eyes where the increase in Kmax and corresponding progression-associated changes in the other parameters were in agreement. These eyes may require corneal cross-linking earlier than the rest.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(4):240–248.]
Corneal Epithelial Thickness Changes Following SMILE for Myopia With High Astigmatism
Authors: Yu Na , Ye Yiming , Chen Pei , Yang Ying , Zhuang Jing , Yu Keming
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the corneal epithelial thickness (CET) profile changes after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery for myopic astigmatism correction of greater than 2.00 diopters (D).

METHODS:

This prospective observational study included 40 eyes (23 patients) treated with SMILE for myopia with cylinders of −2.25 to −4.50 D. Along with standard ophthalmic examinations, CET maps with a diameter of 9 mm were measured by high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography preoperatively and postoperatively. Correlations between the degree of residual astigmatism and the difference in CET values between preoperative flat and steep meridians were analyzed.

RESULTS:

The CET showed significant changes in the central (2 mm), paracentral (2 to 5 mm), midperipheral (5 to 7 mm), and peripheral (7 to 9 mm) zones 6 months after SMILE (
P
< .001). Among the regions, the CET in the paracentral zones displayed the largest increase (9.75%) with the highest average thickness (57.29 µm). Moreover, symmetrical regional epithelial thickening at the preoperative astigmatism axis was observed in the midperipheral zones. The difference in CET between preoperative flat and steep meridians in the mid-peripheral zones continuously increased from postoperative 1 day to 6 months. This difference was positively correlated with the residual cylinder errors at 6 months postoperatively (
r
= −0.334,
P
= .035).

CONCLUSIONS:

The 9-mm diameter CET in eyes with high astigmatism significantly increased 6 months after SMILE. Additionally, the difference in CET between preoperative flat and steep meridians in midperipheral zones may be related to astigmatic undercorrection in SMILE.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(4):224–230.]
Modifying a Mammography Decision Aid for Older Adult Women with Risk Factors for Low Health Literacy
Authors: Cadet Tamara , Aliberti Gianna , Karamourtopoulos Maria , Jacobson Alicia , Siska Morgan , Schonberg Mara A.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Guidelines recommend that before being offered mammography screening, women age 75 years and older be informed of the uncertainty of benefit and potential for harm (e.g., being diagnosed with a breast cancer that would otherwise never have shown up in one's lifetime); however, few older women are informed of the risks of mammography screening and most overestimate its benefits.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to learn from women older than age 75 years who have predisposing risk factors for low health literacy (LHL) how they make decisions about mammography screening, whether an existing decision aid (DA) on mammography screening for them was acceptable and helpful, and suggestions for improving the DA.

Methods:

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 women who were between ages 75 and 89 years and had predisposing risk factors for LHL (i.e., answered somewhat to not at all confident to the health literacy screening question “How confident are you filling out medical forms by yourself?” and/or had an education level of some college or less).

Key Results:

Findings indicate that women in this study lacked knowledge and understanding that one can decide on mammography screening based on their personal values. Women were enthusiastic about screening based on an interest in taking care of themselves but rely on their providers for health care decisions. Overall, most women found the DA helpful and would recommend the use of the DA.

Conclusions:

Findings from this study provide formative data to test the efficacy of the modified DA in practice. Failing to consider the informational needs of adults with LHL in design of DAs could inadvertently exacerbate existing inequalities in health. It is essential that DAs consider older women's diverse backgrounds and educational levels to support their decision-making.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2021;5(2):e78–e90.]

Plain Language Summary:

The goal of this research was to understand how women older than age 75 years with risk factors for low health literacy made decisions about getting mammograms, whether an educational pamphlet was helpful, and suggestions for improving it. This research helps in understanding how to involve this population in the process of designing patient-related materials for mammogram decision-making.
Effects of Stocking Transport Duration on Age-0 Walleye
Authors: Grausgruber Emily E. , Weber Michael J.
Published: April 2021

Fish hatcheries are generally not adjacent to stocking locations. Thus, hatchery fish undergo transportation processes for variable durations that can result in changes in water quality, fish physiology (e.g., whole blood glucose and plasma cortisol), and reduced survival. Walleye Sander vitreus are commonly stocked throughout North America with variable stocking success, possibly due to altered physiological responses associated with changes in water quality parameters during transportation. We hypothesized increased transport duration would be associated with increases in water temperature, carbon dioxide, and total ammonia nitrogen and decreases in pH and total alkalinity. We also hypothesized that increases in carbon dioxide, water temperature, un-ionized ammonia, and total ammonia nitrogen would be positively related with Walleye whole blood glucose and plasma cortisol concentrations. Walleye were transported for either 0, 0.5, 3, or 5 h and whole blood glucose and plasma cortisol concentrations and mortality were evaluated for 48 h posttransport. Total ammonia nitrogen concentrations, carbon dioxide, pH, and water temperature increased with transportation duration while total alkalinity decreased. Plasma cortisol and whole blood glucose concentrations of Walleye transported for longer durations took longer to decline relative to those not transported. Water quality parameters were not associated with changes in Walleye whole blood glucose and plasma cortisol concentrations, but they were negatively related with time since transport (P < 0.05). Despite increases in stress, mortality was low (2.5%). Overall, we found evidence to support our hypotheses regarding reduced water quality associated with increasing transport duration. Finally, whole blood glucose and plasma cortisol concentration of Walleye that were transported were similar to those not transported, suggesting handling procedures before transportation could play a significant role in physiological responses measured after transportation. Further, evaluation of stocking procedures aimed at decreasing handling during the loading process could enhance stocking protocols. Elevated concentrations of whole blood glucose and plasma cortisol following transport could make recently stocked Walleye more susceptible to the effects of other environmental factors such as starvation, predation, and disease, all of which could result in increased mortality rates after stocking.
Financial Analysis of Converting Rural Lawns to Pollinator Habitat in the Corn Belt
Authors: Janke Adam K. , Tyndall John C. , Bradbury Steven P.
Published: April 2021

Conservation efforts in rural landscapes seek to improve the multifunctional nature of land uses for people and the biotic communities that support them. In these environments, existing turfgrass lawns mowed routinely through the summer present an opportunity where changes in management from intensively managed monocultures to diverse native perennial vegetation can stack environmental benefits by improving soil health, water quality, and wildlife habitat. Conversion of lawns to pollinator habitat can help achieve continental goals of reversing declines in high-profile species such as the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus and native bees. Here, we examine the financial implications for landowners and managers considering conversion of lawns to pollinator habitat in rural landscapes. We examined financial factors over a 10-y management horizon in three unique scenarios with a range of expenses: self-maintenance of lawns, contracted maintenance of lawns, and establishment and management of pollinator habitat. Our analyses indicate conversion to pollinator habitat was appreciably less expensive ($54–$167·acre−1·y−1) than continued self-care ($637–$1,007·acre−1·y−1) or contracted care ($326–$1,034·acre−1·y−1) of lawns over a 10-y period. These results establish the financial benefits for landowners or land managers considering an alternative management paradigm of existing lawns. These financial benefits complement existing literature, demonstrating multiple ecological benefits of diverse native perennial vegetation.
Le renouvellement des élites et le marché de la presse à l’époque napoléonienne
Authors: D’Aprile Iwan-Michelangelo
Published: April 2021

Les bouleversements politiques qui caractérisent la Révolution et l’ère napoléonienne vont de pair avec les transformations du marché de la presse, l’importance croissante de la sphère publique, ainsi qu’un intérêt grandissant pour l’historiographie contemporaine à la croisée entre analyse politique et historicisation du présent. C’est dans ce contexte que naît un auteur d’un nouveau genre dans tous les grands Etats européens que l’on peut qualifier d’« historien journaliste ». Dans cet article, ces évolutions sont présentées à travers l’exemple des Etats allemands. Les opportunités de carrière toujours plus nombreuses pour les intellectuels sont préalablement discutées : celles-ci se situent dans des sphères sociales encore non établies qui gravitent entre une politique énergique de l’Etat en matière de presse et le développement d’un marché de périodiques historiques. Les relations franco-allemandes dans le champ du journalisme historique sont ensuite présentées à partir des exemples de deux journalistes allemands très influents en leur temps (Joseph Widemann et Friedrich Buchholz). Enfin, la continuité de ces réseaux de presse européens au-delà de l’ère napoléonienne, lors de la période de réformes dans l’espace germanique, est démontrée.
Aux marges du système verbal
Authors: Haß Norman
Published: April 2021

Le français et l’allemand connaissent des formes verbales rares que la linguistique appelle formes surcomposées. Dans les deux langues elles consistent en une forme de l’auxiliaire avoir (haben) ou être (sein), du participe passé (Partizip II) du verbe principal et du participe passé (Partizip II) du même auxiliaire. Pour les deux langues, la description de leur valeur sémantique pose beaucoup de problèmes. Pour le français, il a déjà été démontré que les formes en question pourraient prendre des fonctions qui dépassent les approches classiques aspecto-temporelles. On évoque notamment une fonction expressive qui aurait pour effet une interprétation des énoncés au passé surcomposé comme étant « exceptionnels » ou « très personnels ». À partir d’un grand nombre d’occurrences des formes surcomposées de l’allemand parlé, nous allons voir que cette même approche pourra servir ici d’explication.
Communication Humain/Machine en langue naturelle écrite : quel partage du sens ?
Authors: Manes-Gallo Maria-Caterina
Published: April 2021

La question liminaire posée dans la présente contribution concerne les retombées en sciences humaines et sociales des travaux de représentation des connaissances, finalisés à la conception d’interfaces appliquées à la recherche d’information en texte intégral. La problématique sous-jacente est celle de la communication entre un humain et une machine en langue naturelle écrite. Ce qui inscrit ces travaux dans le domaine du Traitement automatique de la langue naturelle. Dans l’exposé qui suit, il s’agira d’illustrer comment les contraintes, qui pèsent sur la modélisation des connaissances linguistiques pour le processus de reconnaissance automatique, peuvent devenir une heuristique féconde pour approfondir la dimension foncièrement polysémique de toute marque langagière. Notamment les constructions prédicatives.
Bioactive compounds in and antioxidant activity of camu-camu fruits harvested at different maturation stages during postharvest storage
Authors: Grigio Maria Luiza , Moura Elias Ariel de , Chagas Edvan Alves , Durigan Maria Fernanda Berlingieri , Chagas Pollyana Cardoso , Carvalho Gabriella Ferreira  de , Zanchetta Jayne Julia
Published: April 2021

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of and the content of bioactive compounds in camu-camu fruits harvested at different maturation stages and stored. The fruits were harvested in the municipality of Cantá, Roraima State, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replications, in a factorial arrangement consisting of three different maturation stages (immature, semi-mature and mature) and eight days of storage (3 x 8). The fruits were analysed every day regarding total vitamin C, carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH). According to the results obtained, the interaction of maturation stages x eight days of storage had a significant effect according to the F test at 5% probability. The highest antioxidant activity (FRAP) was observed in the fruits harvested in the semi-mature stage, providing a longer shelf life. The carotenoid pigment, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and vitamin C contents were higher in the fruits harvested in the mature stage, and this stage was the most suitable for obtaining these functional biocompounds. Additionally, in mature fruits, the highest mean content of total phenolics and antioxidant activity (DPPH) were observed during storage. It was concluded that the mature stage is the most recommended for the extraction of pigments and antioxidant biocompounds from camu-camu fruits.
Combining ability and genetic divergence among tropical maize inbred lines using SSR markers
Authors: Eisele Tauana Gibim , Lazzari Dener , Silva Tereza Aparecida da , Pinto Ronald José Barth , Matsuzaki Robson Akira , Maioli Maria Fernanda de Souza Dias , Alves Alex Viana , Amaral Junior Antônio Teixeira do
Published: April 2021

Our objectives were to evaluate general and specific combining ability (SCA) and genetic divergence among tropical maize inbred lines using single sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Thirteen inbred lines were crossed based on a complete diallel scheme. Hybrids and three checks were evaluated in a lattice experimental design. Silk and anthesis flowering, average plant height, average ear height, white spot (Pantoea ananatis) and gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity, and grain yield were evaluated. Significant differences (p < 0.05) for general and specific combining abilities were observed for all traits. Based on additive effects, inbred lines 1 (Flash) and 12 (SG 6015) were selected to reduce the flowering period and plant and ear height. Inbred lines 2 (CD 303) and 3 (AG 8080) were selected to reduce disease severity. For the simultaneous increase in grain yield and reduced severity of diseases, line 11 (AG 9090) as a parent or tester in topcross schemes is recommended. According to non-additive effects, crosses 2 (CD 303) × 13 (DKB 747) and 11 (AG 9090) × 12 (SG 6015) were selected for grain yield and future breeding programs. Six groups were identified using SSR markers; a major group contained six inbred lines. Because of the minor relationship between genetic divergence and SCA effects on grain yield limits, the use of the groups for future divergent crosses is recommended.
Phenology and thermal requirements of the species Cyperus difformis L. in southern Brazil
Authors: Voss Higor Modesto Garlet , Escobar Otávio dos Santos , Trivisiol Vinicius Severo , Peripolli Mariane , Pivetta Maicon , Rubert Jaíne , Nunes Elisandro Azeredo , Dornelles Sylvio Henrique Bidel
Published: April 2021

Cyperus difformis L. is a Cyperaceae, annual, of natural occurrence in marshy environments in southern Brazil, considered a weed in irrigated rice crops. Studies on its development are scarce, especially regarding its cycle and thermal requirements. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the base temperature, the thermal sum and the duration of the different sub-periods of the biological cycle of the species. The experiment was carried out at the Campus of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, in four sowing seasons. In a completely delineated design and factorial scheme involving five soil water conditions (water depth and 50% soil water retention capacity [WRC]) from the sowing, water depth and 50% WRC introduced 21 days after emergence and 100% WRC during the whole cycle, with six repetitions each. Each experimental unit consisted of a cultivated in pot plant with 11 L capacity filled with soil. The cycle of the plants was subdivided into the sowing-emergence sub-periods, emergence-emission of the floral tassel and emission of the floral-maturing physiological tassel, being estimated the thermal requirements for the species. The conditions of the soil water condition the base temperature, the sum of the degree-days and the duration of the species cycle. The base temperature varies for each treatment, the sum of degrees-day decreases with the water deficit and the plants under flood accelerate the biological cycle.
Exogenous application of salicylic acid to control coffee rust
Authors: Tannuri Luciano Abi Rached , Lopes Everaldo Antônio , Macedo Willian Rodrigues , Canedo Ellen Júnia
Published: April 2021

The exogenous application of salicylic acid can induce plant resistance against pathogens. However, little is known about the potential uses of this bioregulator for controlling coffee diseases. In this study, we assessed the effect of applying salicylic acid (SA – 150 mg L-1) on the management of coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix) in a 7-year-old coffee plantation with low crop load (651.6 kg ha-1 in 2017). For comparison, plants were sprayed with protectant fungicide (copper hydroxide – CH) and standard fungicides (SF) used by local farmers (boscalid, pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole, and copper hydroxide). Non-treated plants were included as a negative control. Five monthly applications were performed from November 2016 to March 2017. Rust incidence and severity, defoliation, and growth of plagiotropic branches were evaluated monthly. The activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total proteins was assessed one day after the first, third, and fifth product applications. Compared to untreated plants, SA reduced the severity and incidence of rust from 36.3 to 54.7%, while CH and SF reduced disease from 31.8 to 54.6% and from 83.8 to 88%, respectively. SA reduced defoliation by 54.1%. SA increased the concentration of CAT, APX, and SOD after the first application. However, this effect was not observed after subsequent applications. Foliar application of SA reduces the severity and incidence of coffee rust and defoliation in plants with a low crop load.
Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a strategy to improve annatto (Bixa orellana L.) growth
Authors: Pontes Marília Malta Cavalcante Mendes , Oliveira José  de Paula , Barreto Maria do Carmo Silva , Carvalho Eric Xavier de , Mergulhão Adalia  Cavalcanti do Espírito Santo , Silva Maria Luiza Ribeiro Bastos da , Antunes Jadson  Emanuel Lopes , Araújo Ademir Sergio Ferreira de , Figueiredo Márcia do Vale Barreto
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to assess the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in annatto (Bixa orellana L.) cultivars and their response to AMF inoculation using biometric parameters. The occurrence surveys were conducted in annatto fields in three municipalities from Pernambuco Forest Zone: Lagoa de Itaenga, Gloria de Goitá, and Vitoria de Santo Antão, and in four cultivars (Red Piave, Green Piave, Red Peruvian Paulista, and Green Peruvian Paulista). In a greenhouse, biometric parameters of annatto seedlings of Red Piave, Red Peruvian Paulista, Embrapa-36, and Embrapa-37 cultivars inoculated with AMF isolated from annatto fields. The Red Piave cultivar exhibited greater root colonization than the Green Peruvian Paulista in the Lagoa de Itaenga and Vitoria de Santo Antão municipalities. The cultivar Red Piave showed a more beneficial association with AMF in plants and soil than cultivar Green Peruvian Paulista did, in both Lagoa de Itaenga and Vitoria de Santo Antão. AMF inoculation was effective in promoting the growth of annatto plants, particularly those inoculants with S. heterogama and C. etunicatum.
Aspects of Applying Hard Chromium Coatings on the Inner Surfaces of Components for Hydraulic Drives with Hydrostatic Guideways
Authors: Ardashev Dmitry V. , Shipulin Leonid V. , Degtyareva-Kashutina A.S.
Published: April 2021

We considered the processes of chromium plating the inner surfaces of the components of cylinders with hydrostatic guideways. We demonstrated the various aspects of the chromium plating process – the limitations placed on the machinery depending on the dimensions of the parts to be plated and the unevenness of the deposition rate of chromium along the length of the part. We developed a diagram of an installation for the application of a hard chromium coating on inner surfaces, which includes a cathode, an anode, a tank, and a pipeline. The distinctive features of the installation are the method of supplying the electrolyte at an angle to the horizontal, which allows us to supply the electrolyte through a turbulent flow swirling along a helical path, and the use of a chromium-plated installation casing. We studied various modes for applying a hard chromium coating on the inner surfaces of a hydraulic cylinder. As a result, we determined the optimal composition of the chromium electrolyte – the ratio of chromic anhydride and sulfuric acid – which is 10:1, respectively, and experimentally selected deposition modes. Chromium coatings obtained through the use of the concentrated electrolyte, which we developed, and the chromium plating method have 5...20% greater hardness and a 10...30-times reduction in porosity with the formation of a shiny, lumpy sludge, which corresponds to corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant coatings needed to manufacture hydraulic drives with highly efficient hydrostatic guideways.
Diversity, rate, and distribution of wheat midge parasitism in the Peace River region of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Dufton S.V. , Laird R.A. , Floate K.D. , Otani J.K.
Published: April 2021

Wheat midge,Sitodiplosis mosellana(Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a major pest of wheat (Poaceae) that was first reported in the Peace River region of northwestern Alberta, Canada in 2011. Although parasitism is an important factor of mortality in wheat midge elsewhere, little is known about the prevalence, species, or distribution of wheat midge parasitoids in the Peace River region. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a survey of wheat midge parasitoids in commercial wheat fields across the region in 2016 and 2017. For a given field, parasitism of wheat midge larvae ranged from 36 to 71%. All but one parasitoid (n= 2167) were identified asMacroglenes penetrans(Kirby) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). The exception was a specimen in the genusInostemmatentatively identified asI. walkeriKieffer (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae). These findings identify parasitism as an important factor that is suppressing populations of wheat midge in the Peace River region, provide the first report ofInostemma walkerifor North America, and provide the first report of this species as a parasitoid ofS. mosellana.
Cardiac rehabilitation outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Penati Chiara , Incorvaia Cristoforo , Mollo Valentina , Lietti Federica , Gatto Gemma , Stefanelli Marco , Centeleghe Paola , Talarico Giuseppe , Mori Ileana , Franzelli Cristina , Ratti Fosco , Ponticelli Maria Paola , Ridolo Ermina , Febo Oreste Carlo
Published: April 2021

Patients with severe aortic stenosis are increasingly treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) as a safer option to surgical aortic valve replacement (sAVR).  Similar to many other heart diseases, after the specific therapeutic intervention patients are eligible for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for the purpose of functional recovery. Thus far, CR after both sAVR and TAVI has been used to a limited extent, as shown by the availability of only two meta-analyses including 5 studies and 6 studies, respectively. Recent observational studies reported a significant improvement in functional indexes such as the Barthel scale and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). We evaluated the outcome of CR in patients after TAVI treatment by measuring changes in the commonly used Barthel scale and 6MWT and adding the short physical performance battery (SPPB) scale as an index to assess lower extremity function. All indexes demonstrated a significant improvement, namely p<0.001 with the Barthel scale, p=0.043 for the 6MWT, and p=0.002 for SPPB. These results confirm the significant improvement of the Barthel scale and 6MWT reported in the previous meta-analysis and suggest the utility of SPPB as a further index of efficacy of CR in patients with severe aortic stenosis treated with TAVI.
Role of Serotonin Transporter-Linked Polymorphic Region in Suicide
Authors: Singh Bisu
Published: April 2021

Serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic regions (5-HTTLPR) have been investigated intensively in suicide with inconsistent findings. However, a recent meta-analysis has observed an association of S allele with violent attempted suicide. The S allele causes a lower expression of 5-HTTLPR and is correlated with higher amygdala response to unpleasant stimuli. However, studies show that effect 5-HTTLPR genotype on mRNA expression is additive and linear. It suggests that apart from genotype, the expression of 5-HTTLPR is also controlled by epigenetic factors. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to re-evaluate the findings of retrospective studies 5-HTTLPR in suicide with their limitations and highlight a new approach to understand the role of 5-HTTLPR in suicide. Reviews, meta-analysis, research articles, brief reports, and scientific correspondence were searched through PubMed, library web portal of Sikkim University, Bio-Med, and Science Direct using the terms such as “serotonin or serotonin system and suicide,” “5-HTTLPR and suicide,” “5-HTTLPR and attempted suicide,” “5-HTTLPR and completed suicide,” “5-HTTLPR meta-analysis and suicide,” and “5-HTTLPR and epigenetics.” The articles written in English were initially screened by title and later selected by abstract for possible inclusion. After the literature review, it was observed that previous studies were limited by variability of sample size, heterogeneous populations, varied social stressors, and variations in the assay and statistical methods. Hence, the cumulative study of environmental factors, 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism, and epigenetic factors is hereby proposed in the well-defined ethnic population to understand the role of 5-HTTLPR in suicide.
Pattern of Social Media use and Social Anxiety among the Undergraduate Health Professionals with Social Media Addiction
Authors: Kadavala Bhavin Naranbhai , Tiwari Deepak Sachidanand , Patel Vishal Kanaiyalal , Chanpa Nirav Bhupendrabhai , Patel Niranjan L. , Shah Viral
Published: April 2021

Background:

There has been a significant surge in the usage of smartphones, Internet, social media platforms, and also the growing concern about the impact of Internet, gaming, and social media addiction (SMA) on mental health in the community since the last decade.

Aim:

This study is aimed to know the pattern of social media use and social anxiety (SA) among medical undergraduates with SMA.

Materials and Methods:

This was a 12-month cross-sectional, observational study of 640 medical undergraduates. Social media disorder scale was used to detect SMA and Liebowitz social anxiety scale was used to detect SA. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and Chi-square test were used for the analysis of data.

Results:

According to our findings, 11.04% of the participants had SMA. More than 60% of the participants with SMA spent 2 h or more time on social media in a day. About 29.41% of students with SMA spent more money compared to 11.86% of nonaddicted ones. About 47.05% of students with SMA reported fear of missing out (FoMO) as compared to 34.12% of nonaddicted students. Participants with SMA reported a significantly higher level (P < 0.05) of SA (SA score 67.63) compared to social media nonaddicts (SA score 49.43).

Conclusion:

Medical undergraduates with SMA spent more time and money on Internet, reported FoMO, frequently checked notifications, and reported regular substance use. They also had high SA; vice versa is also true.
Dadima (Punica granatum L.), as an Aushadha (medicine), depicted in Ayurveda
Authors: Patel Vivek Kumar , Acharya Rabinarayan
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

The description of plants used in Ayurveda can be traced from hundreds of written texts. Dadima (Punica granatum L.), of family Lytheraceae, is one among the plants described under Phala Varga, a classification of Aahara Varga mentioned by ancient scriptures of Ayurveda; it is highlighted for its wide range of use as an Aahara (diet) and Aushadha (drug) in different diseased conditions. Single-hand information about this plant is still lacking.

Aim:

To obtain comprehensive information on Dadima (as an aushadha) different classical texts of Ayurveda.

Results:

Thirty-two names, known as Paryaya (synonyms), have been attributed, highlighting its morphological characteristics and pharmacological properties and actions. Dadima, as an ingredient, is included in 634 formulations. Among 530 Aushadha Kalpana (a drug), 433 were indicated for its internal use, 93 for its external use, and 4 for its external as well as internal use. Dadima is indicated in 80 different diseased conditions; among them, the maximum formulations have been found to be used in Atisara (76). Various research activities, such as antidiarrheal, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, antiarthritic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory, have been reported to validate Dadima as an ingredient of various Ayurveda indications.

Conclusion:

Dadima as a single drug or as an ingredient in 530 formulations have been indicated for its use as an Aushadha in 80 different diseased conditions. Dadima, a drug of Phala Varga, is a very important fruit and has a wide range of clinical indications.
An anatomical study of vascular foramina of radius and its clinical insinuation
Authors: Rangasubhe Pramod Pundalik , Bhusaraddi P. S. , Khona Pratik Pradeep , Havaldar Pavan Prahlad
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Different segments of radius present numerous vascular foramina (VF). The objective of the study was to quantify VF and note their size and direction.

Methodology:

One hundred dry human radii bones in our anatomy department were divided into various segments for studying VF. The number and direction of VF were evaluated in upper end (UE), shaft, and lower end (LE) separately. VF were categorized into three groups based on size, namely small (which admitted 25-gauge needle): 0.5–0.7 mm, medium (22-gauge needle): 0.71 mm to 1.10 mm, and large (19-gauge needle): >1.10 mm. The direction of foramina in each segment was noted. They were categorized into three types: horizontal, upper oblique, and lower oblique.

Results:

Significantly, a greater number of VF in the UE of radius were observed in the neck (average: 9.3 foramina) than in the radial tuberosity (average: 1.3 foramina). In the shaft, the maximum number of VF was observed in the anterior surface and minimum was found in the lateral surface. In the LE, the maximum number of VF was observed in the posterior surface (average 7.2 foramina) and minimum was found in the medial surface (average 1.6 foramina). In the UE of radius, 81.8% of VF were small sized. In the UE of radius, 62.8% of VF were directed horizontally. In the shaft, almost all (99%) VF were directed upper oblique.

Conclusion:

The present study concludes that different segments of radius have different densities of VF. The LE of radius has got more VF compared to UE indicating its rich vascularity.
Osteological Study of Morphometric Analysis of Acromion Process and Its Implication in Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Hafezji Hamzah Muzammil
Published: April 2021

Background:

Acromial morphology along with its position (slope/tilt) has a role in shoulder impingement. Acromioplasty is an important step in rotator cuff repair. Thus, knowledge of morphometric variations of the acromion is necessary. The aim of the study was to determine acromion morphometry and to correlate the morphometry of acromion with the dimensions of the scapula.

Methodology:

The study was performed on 150 dried adult human scapulae, for which age and sex were not known. The shape of the acromion was observed from posterior and lateral view and different dimensions were measured.

Results:

The acromial curvature (as per Bigliani classification) was found to be flat (Category I) in 23.33%, curved (Category II) in 49.33%, and hooked (Category III) in 27.34% of scapulae. The acromial shape (from posterior view) was found to be quadrangular in 22%, triangular in 31.33%, and tubular in 46.67% of scapulae. The mean values of length, breadth, and thickness of acromion were 41.14 mm, 24.89 mm, and 6.95 mm, respectively. The acromion thickness was <8 mm in 87.33% and >8 mm in 12.67%. The mean of acromion slope and tilt were 28.23° and 42.47°, respectively.

Conclusions:

From the study, it may be concluded that a small proportion of the population (12.67%) may be prone to develop impingement due to more acromial thickness (>8 mm). The acromion slope and tilt are larger in our population which suggests lesser predisposition to impingement syndrome.
Taxation of Micronuclei Frequency as a Prognostic Marker in Oral and Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Ravi Kumar Satish , Pushpa N. B. , Kishore Sanjeev , Kaur Sohinder , Mehta Vandana , Reddy K. S.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma are one among the most common cancers in the world. India shares about one-fourth of incidences of oral and oropharyngeal cancers and death due to the same is also of significant number. Micronucleus resulting from aberrant mitosis, chromatin fragmentation, or aberrant chromosome is considered as a hall mark for genotoxicity, also oral cancer risk and is useful in chemopreventive studies. Hence, the determination of micronuclei frequency serves as better prognostic marker.

Methodology:

A total of 60 patients with a mean age of 53 (56 males and 4 females) years, who were histopathologically confirmed cases of oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma with different degree of differentiation were included in the study. Patients were solely treated by radiotherapy with radiation dose plan of 4 Gy, 14 Gy, 24 Gy, and 60 Gy on the 2nd, 7th, 12th, and 30th days, respectively. The mucosal scapings stained with Giemsa and May-Grunwald's stain were studied to assess the micronuclei at each interval.

Results:

Although there was no significant association between site of lesion and tumor differentiation with micronuclei index, there was statistically significant difference in the micronuclei index at each interval. Percentage of relative increment in micronuclei also showed promising significance.

Conclusion:

Hence, micronuclear assay could be used as an efficient tool to determine the radiosensitivity and prognosis in oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma patients treated by radiotherapy.
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Larynx
Authors: Dhal Ipsita , Birmiwal Krishna Gopal , Lali Bhagat Singh , Mishra Aseem
Published: April 2021

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the larynx is a rare and aggressive tumour with a unique biologic behavior and histogenesis. They were earlier called as collision tumors. They are classified under “epithelial tumors” in the World Health Organization classification. Due to the aggressive clinical behavior, they obstruct the airways soon and the patients present early. We present a case of a 55-year-old female who presented in acute state to the emergency department with dyspnea. On evaluation, a locally advanced laryngeal malignancy was detected radiologically. The biopsy was performed wherein a spindle cell pleomorphic tumor was seen which was positive for AE1/AE3 and vimentin, thus rendering a final diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma. We discuss the clinical features, biological behavior, and management of these rare carcinomas.
High-dose thiamine strategy in Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome and related thiamine deficiency conditions associated with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Praharaj Samir Kumar , Munoli Ravindra N. , Shenoy Sonia , Udupa Suma T. , Thomas Linda Susan
Published: April 2021

Thiamine is essential for the activity of several enzymes associated with energy metabolism in humans. Chronic alcohol use is associated with deficiency of thiamine along with other vitamins through several mechanisms. Several neuropsychiatric syndromes have been associated with thiamine deficiency in the context of alcohol use disorder including Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, alcoholic cerebellar syndrome, alcoholic peripheral neuropathy, and possibly, Marchiafava–Bignami syndrome. High-dose thiamine replacement is suggested for these neuropsychiatric syndromes.