bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inelastic Buckling of Tubes Under Cyclic Bending
Authors: Kyriakides S. , Shaw P. K.
Published: November 2009

The experimental part of a study which deals with the response and stability of thin-walled tubes under cyclic bending histories is presented (see [7] for theory). Aluminum and steel tubes are cyclically bent in pure bending into the plastic range. It is found that under curvature-symmetric loading histories the tube progressively ovalizes to a critical value at which it buckles. This critical value of ovalization is approximately equal to the value obtained just prior to buckling under monotonic bending. The influence of the material and geometric parameters of the tubes on the phenomenon is studied. It is shown that for the materials studied, the phenomenon can drastically reduce the life expectancy of tubes in the range of D/t of 15 to 80.
Creep Buckling Analyses of Circular Cylindrical Shells Under Axial Compression—Bifurcation Buckling Analysis by the Finite Element Method
Authors: Miyazaki N.
Published: November 2009

The finite element method is applied to the creep buckling of circular cylindrical shells under axial compression. Not only the axisymmetric mode but also the bifurcation mode of the creep buckling are considered in the analysis. The critical time for creep buckling is defined as either the time when a slope of a displacement versus time curve becomes infinite or the time when the bifurcation buckling occurs. The creep buckling analyses are carried out for an infinitely long and axially compressed circular cylindrical shell with an axisymmetric initial imperfection and for a finitely long and axially compressed circular cylindrical shell. The numerical results are compared with available analytical ones and experimental data.
Plastic Strain Concentration in a Cylindrical Shell Subjected to an Axial or a Radial Temperature Gradient
Authors: Hu¨bel H.
Published: November 2009

Plastic strain concentration factors for use in elastic fatigue analyses (like Ke in ASME Code) are usually overly conservative, but may be unsafe in certain cases. Especially for unnotched structures under thermal loading, many elastic-plastic analyses demonstrated that these plastic strain concentration factors are too restrictive. Thus, the present work derives appropriate factors for the idealized case of a cylindrical shell made of a linear kinematic hardening material and subjected to a radial or an axial temperature gradient. The results obtained are considered to be applicable to many practical problems.
A New Technique for Approximating the Stress in Pad-Type Nozzles Attached to a Spherical Shell
Authors: Oikawa T. , Oka T.
Published: November 2009

The generally applicable approximate analysis for pad-type nozzles was shown statistically to be reliable through the use of the design of experiments. The focus was on membrane stresses due to an internal pressure in discontinuous portions of the pad-type nozzle attached to a spherical shell designed in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel (BPV) Code, Section VIII, Division 1. Although Division 1 does not require stress evaluations in discontinuous portions, the results given in this paper show that the maximum membrane stress can be above the yield stress for some generally used materials. This evidence will be reviewed in future work.
Nonlinear Response of U-Tubes to a Differential Axial Movement Between Two Legs
Authors: Leˆ N. V.
Published: November 2009

The deflections and the stresses in U-tubes due to differential thermal expansion between two legs are nonlinear functions of the thermal loading even with linear elastic materials. The nonlinear behavior is due to the fact that the induced axial force in U-tubes, tension in cold leg and compression in hot leg, have some effects on the deflection of the tubes. In the present work, the nonlinear analysis method is fully described and applied. Numerical results are shown in comparison with those given by simplified linear analysis in which the effects of axial force on deflections of tubes are neglected. In general, the effects of the nonlinear behavior are negligible for the maximum stress; however, they may be significant for some secondary details such as the tube rotation and the stress at apex of the tube. The present work is intended to justify the validity of some earlier formulas, developed by the author in a previous work, for calculation of secondary stresses in heat exchanger U-tubes.
Weld Investigation of Nuclear Power Plant Pressure Vessels
Authors: Itoh G.
Published: November 2009

Welds in nuclear power plant pressure vessels, which were in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, though not with some other codes, were investigated nondestructively over a long period of service. The results indicate that the vessels have been operating for many years, with large slag inclusions that do not extend to the weld surfaces, causing no damage to the vessels. Hence, the practical relaxation of excessively conservative acceptance standards is discussed.
Creep Damage in 17–12 SPH Stainless Steel Notched Specimens: Metallographical Study and Numerical Modeling
Authors: Contesti E. , Cailletaud G. , Levaillant C.
Published: November 2009

Creep-rupture tests on notched specimens of 17–12 SPH stainless steel are performed at elevated temperature (600°C). Metallographic examination allows the quantitative estimation of the intergranular cracking damage occurring during creep tests. Numerical computations based on currently used rupture criteria are performed and compared to both intergranular damage profile and creep life. With regards to the intergranular damage profile measured by interrupting tests on the 1-mm notch radius specimen, Von Mises stress criterion does not predict the experimental location of the maximum damage, because of the influence of stress-triaxiality on the rupture process.
A Review of Methods of Equivalent Damping Estimation From Experimental Data
Authors: Hadjian A. H. , Masri S. F. , Saud A. F.
Published: November 2009

The computational problems associated with the estimation of damping, particularly in piping systems, is discussed in detail and appropriate procedures are recommended to minimize their impact. The theoretical background and the related basic assumptions in each of these methods is given first in order that the approximations introduced in practical problems is better understood. This understanding then leads to alternative procedures where more adequate and useful results are expected. The objective of this effort is to help homogenize the existing damping data by the use of systematic procedures and hence to reduce the variability of damping estimates in piping systems.
Pressure Vessel and Piping Technology: Two Decades of Progress and Future Challenges
Authors: Pai D. H.
Published: November 2009

The organizational and technological advances of the last two decades in the U.S. Pressure Vessel and Piping (PVP) Technology are first traced. Highlights of growth in the major organizations supporting PVP technology: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Pressure Vessel Research Committee, and the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division, are given, along with highlights in the technological advances in Design Analysis, Materials and Fabrication. Future challenges in key technological areas for PVP engineers are discussed, including the role of the PVP engineer in developing technologies such as BIOTECHNOLOGY, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, MICRO-ELECTRONICS, ENERGY, ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, and ADVANCED MATERIALS. This paper concludes with a discussion of two major institutional challenges of our times: winning public acceptance of technology; competitiveness and foreign trade.
Buckling Design Criteria for Waste Disposal Containers
Authors: Mallett R. H.
Published: November 2009

This report documents analytical and experimental results from a survey of the technical literature on buckling of thick-walled cylinders under external pressure. Based upon these results, a load factor is suggested for the design of waste package containers for disposal of high level radioactive waste in repositories mined in salt formations. The load factor is defined as a ratio of buckling pressure to allowable pressure. Specifically, a load factor which ranges from 1.5 for plastic buckling to 3.0 for elastic buckling is included in a set of proposed buckling design criteria for waste disposal containers.
The Plastic Ratcheting of Thin Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Axisymmetric Thermal and Mechanical Loading
Authors: Karadeniz S. , Ponter A. R. S. , Carter K. F.
Published: November 2009

The paper discusses the relationship between material properties and structural ratcheting for thin cylindrical shells subjected to severe thermal loading. The need to understand this problem arises in the design of Sodium Cooled Fast Reactors. A sequence of shakedown solutions are presented using a finite element technique [13]. It is shown that for tubes subject to moving temperature fields, ratcheting can occur even when no mechanical loads are applied and the material strongly cyclically hardens. Only small movements are required. Stationary thermal cycling is less likely to produce ratcheting. The calculations are compared with two sets of experimental data, which serve to confirm these conclusions.
Vibration and Stability of Helical Pipes Conveying Fluid
Authors: Fan C.-N. , Chen W.-H.
Published: November 2009

This paper presents an accurate finite element procedure for the vibration and stability analysis of helical pipe conveying fluid. The kinematics of the helical pipe are derived including the effects of arbitrary curvatures and torsions in a nonorthogonal helical coordinate system. The equations of motion are derived from the Hamilton’s principle for mass transport system and the shear deformation and rotary inertia are also considered. The 3-node space-curved isoparametric element is used. The natural frequencies, mode shapes and critical flow velocities of buckling are studied for different end conditions. The significant influence of torsion effects on the calculation of natural frequencies and critical flow velocities is found. To demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the techniques developed, several numerical examples are illustrated.
Fracture Toughness of Aged Stainless Steel Primary Piping and Reactor Vessel Materials
Authors: Mills W. J.
Published: November 2009

The ductile fracture toughness behavior of FFTF primary piping and reactor vessel construction materials was characterized using the multiple-specimen JR-curve technique before and after 10,000-hr thermal aging treatments. The test materials included Types 304 and 316 stainless steel (SS) and Types 308 and 16–8–2 SS welds. In the unaged condition, these alloys exhibited very high Jc initiation toughness and tearing modulus values at elevated temperatures (427–538°C). The fracture resistance for the 316 SS piping was found to be dependent on orientation; Jc values for the axial (C–L) direction were 60 to 70 percent lower than those for the circumferential (L–C) orientation. The lower fracture properties in the C–L orientation resulted from premature failure of stringers aligned in the axial direction. Thermal aging at 427° C caused no degradation in fracture resistance, while 482 and 566° C agings resulted in a modest 10 to 20 percent reduction in Jc for both base and weld metals. Residual toughness levels after aging are adequate for precluding any possibility of nonductile fracture. Hence, conventional stress and strain limits, such as those provided by the ASME Code, are sufficient to guard against ductile fracture for SS components that have accumulated 10,000-hr exposures at or below 566° C. Metallographic and fractographic examinations revealed that the degradation in fracture properties was associated with aging-induced second-phase precipitation.
Modeling of 316 Stainless Steel (17.12 Sph.) Mechanical Properties Using Biaxial Experiments—Part II: Model and Simulation
Authors: Delobelle P. , Oytana C.
Published: November 2009

A rheological model aimed at accounting for the existence of two types of viscoplastic flow (microplastic and macroplastic) in 316 stainless steel is described in the most general state of stress. A distribution between active loadings (macroplastic strains) and unloadings (and/or loadings in a microplastic domain) made through a criterion essentially based on internal variables. A single internal variable is introduced in a single plastic state equation, the different behaviors being accounted for by the choice of the internal variable and of its hardening rules. Identification of these hardening laws are reported. It is seen that this model can predict a lot of various experimental observations in tensile, tensile-compression or tensile-compression-torsion tests. Numerical simulations of various tests extending from the tensile one to complex stress or strain paths in biaxial proportional loading are in a good quantitative agreement with the experimental results.
Commentary on Class 2/3 Piping Rules
Authors: Slagis G. C.
Published: November 2009

Much of the piping in a nuclear plant is designed to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Class 2 or 3 requirements. The Code rules are given in NC/ND-3600 of Section III. These rules were developed from the B31.1 rules, and incorporated into Section III 1971 for nuclear components. However, the Class 2/3 piping Code requirements have changed significantly since that time. There is not a criteria document available from ASME that describes the Class 2/3 piping rules. The purpose of this paper is to provide background information and a discussion of the Code stress limits so that the piping analyst can properly interpret the meaning of the Code requirements.
A Boundary Integral Analysis of Lugs Attached to Cylindrical Pressure Vessels
Authors: Brooks G. N.
Published: November 2009

Integral equations are derived to calculate the stresses and displacements in the neighborhood of a load-carrying rigid attachment in a shallow cylindrical shell. The integral equation formulation is simplified by modifying existing Green functions for the unbounded shell to account for simply supported boundary conditions at the ends of the vessel. The resulting equations are solved numerically. Three forces and three moments applied to the attachment are the loadings considered. Results for circular attachments agree with those found by other authors using different solution methods and with experiments.
Numerical Design Method for Thermally Loaded Plate-Cylinder Intersections
Authors: Baldur R. , Laberge C. A. , Lapointe D.
Published: November 2009

The present paper is an extension of work on stresses in corner radii already described by the authors in previously published references [1 and 2]. Whereas the original study concerned itself with pressure effects only and the second reference gave the initial version of the work dealing with thermal effects, the report included here gives more recent results concerning specifically thermal loads. As before, the results are limited to inside corner radii between cylinders and flat heat closures. Similarly, the analysis is based on a systematic series of finite element calculations with the significant parameters covering the field of useful design boundaries. The 334 elements containing some 1800 degrees of freedom ensure a realistic determination of local stresses and a large number of complete solutions enables the presentation of smooth design curves. The results are condensed into a rapid method for the determination of peak stresses needed for performing fatigue analysis in pressure vessels subjected to a significant, variable thermal load. The paper takes into account the influence of the film coefficient, temporal temperature variations, and material properties. A set of coefficients provides a convenient method of stress evaluation suitable for design purposes.
Stress Analysis of Reinforced Nozzle-Cylindrical Shell Intersection Under Internal Pressure or Nozzle Radial Thermal Expansion
Authors: Kuo A. Y. , Hsu T. Y.
Published: November 2009

Two normally intersecting cylinders under different internal pressures in each of the cylinders is solved analytically. The inclusion of nozzle fillet, insert plate and inner nozzle broadens the applicability of this analytical method in the design and analysis of pressurized cylinder-to-cylinder intersection. The current numerical solution scheme has been incorporated in the computer code NUTSHELL. Comparisons of NUTSHELL solutions and experimental or finite element results have also been presented.
Welding Stress Redistribution in a Butt-Welded Pipe During Later Mechanical and Thermal Loadings
Authors: Andersson M. , Josefson B. L.
Published: November 2009

Stress redistribution in a butt-welded pipe during later mechanical and thermal treatments is studied numerically by use of a thermoelastoplastic FE-model. It is proposed that the influence of the welding process on the redistribution can be modeled using a simplified approach. Here the welding residual stress field is simulated with an equivalent radial line load. Two standard treatments, one mechanical and one thermal, are studied with this simplified approach. Both treatments are performed after the welding is completed. The calculations show that both treatments can be used to turn (detrimental) tensile welding residual axial stresses on the inner surface at the weld into compressive ones.
Dynamic Design Procedure for HVAC Ducts
Authors: Tsuruta K. , Kojima K.
Published: November 2009

Design layout of ducts and supports systems which make up the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems (HVAC) is based upon the Japanese Industrial standard (JIS)[1] for hanger support systems conforming to SMACNA[2] standards of high-rigidity design, where emphasis is placed on buildings containing duct systems. However, since high-rigidity systems involve raising the rigidity of the total system, the weight and number of support structures have to be increased, thus posing economic problems. On the other hand, hanger systems are problematic due to their structural weakness. Therefore, we have tried to apply low-rigidity ducts and a support system which rely heavily on the strength of the ducts themselves. To accomplish this we tried to lengthen the duct support span, to lighten the support structures, and to establish a reasonable design method for the duct system. Further, the effectiveness of the present design margin can be confirmed by a duct system test using a shaker table. Our study mainly consisted of experiments: performing duct element tests to study rigidity and strength, using the shaker table to estimate dynamic characteristics and response characteristics of a duct system model, and studying the calculations of the duct beam model.
Exact Analytical Solutions for the Free Vibration of Steam Generator U-Tubes
Authors: Gorman D. J.
Published: November 2009

Exact analytical solutions for free vibration of straight tubes have been known for many years, with solutions for curved tubes being developed more recently. In this paper it is shown how these solutions can be exploited to obtain similar solutions for the free vibration of U-tubes. All of the required interface boundary conditions are developed in detail and it is shown how advantage can be taken of U-tube symmetry where it exists. Illustrative results of two studies are presented. This represents, to the author’s knowledge, the first comprehensive analytical study of the U-tube free vibration problem.
Piping Stress-Strain Correlation for Seismic Loading
Authors: Stawniczy G. , Bak W. R. , Hau G.
Published: November 2009

This paper establishes limits on piping material strains for ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Level D loadings that ensure a limitation of deformation and provide suitable safety margins. In establishing the strain limits, potential piping failure modes due to compressive wrinkling and low-cycle fatigue are considered. A stress-strain correlation methodology to convert linear, elastically calculated Code Class 2 and 3 equation (9)-Level D stresses to strains is established. This correlation is based on the fatigue evaluation procedure of the Code and is verified by comparison with test results. A detailed discussion of test results compared with the stress-strain correlation methodology is also presented.
Preventing Buckling in Grain Storage Silos
Authors: Buzek J. R. , Epstein H. I.
Published: November 2009

Grain storage silos are essentially pressure vessels, but unlike liquid or gas storage vessels, grain in silos is not always distributed axisymmetrically. Remnant grain obtained from discharging underneath along a diametrical line forms grain ungulas. This produces uneven pressures around the circumference of the silo. The resulting forces have led to buckling in some steel storage silos. This article demonstrates how to approximately calculate these forces in the silo and shows why they can cause buckling of an improperly designed tank. Sufficient base anchorage is suggested as the most effective means for elimination of this buckling problem.
Minimum Stress Design of Nozzles in Pressure Vessel Heads
Authors: Chao Y.-J.
Published: November 2009

In the early design stage of pressure vessels the configuration of the piping systems is not yet established; hence forces transmitted by the piping systems to the nozzles in the pressure vessels cannot be determined. This often leads to the design of nozzles in pressure vessels guided by consideration of pressure loadings such as the area-replacement method. However, it is true that in many cases the stresses due to external loads can be more critical than those due to the internal pressure. Therefore, engineers often redesign the piping system several times by adding more pipe bends or special restraints for a hot piping system to reduce the reactions at a previously designed nozzle so that the resulting stresses at the nozzle are within the acceptable limit. This paper introduces a rational mechanism whereby the stresses due to the unforeseen external loads can be minimized in the early design stage of the nozzle. An appropriate analysis is discussed which is based on the classical thin shell theory. Analyses using this method allow one to obtain the minimum stresses at a nozzle in a pressure vessel head or a spherical vessel for moment and thrust loadings.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN A SYSTEM OF ILLUMINATED AND DARK SEMICONDUCTORS
Authors: JANDIERI K. , KACHLISHVILI Z. , KHIZANISHVILI E. , METREVELI N.
Published: November 2009

Spatio-temporal dynamics in series-connected illuminated and dark semiconductors is studied under conditions of impurity electric breakdown. It is found that in the vicinity of unstable equilibrium points that correspond to the negative differential conductivity of illuminated or dark (or both) semiconductor samples, the nucleation, traveling, and destroying of electrical domains play a crucial role in the nonlinear oscillatory behavior of semiconductors.
IMPEDANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF La3/2Bi3/2Fe5O12 CERAMICS
Authors: JAWAHAR K. , BEHERA BANARJI , CHOUDHARY R. N. P.
Published: November 2009

Polycrystalline La 3/2 Bi 3/2 Fe 5 O 12 (LBIO) compound was prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. The complex impedance of LBIO was measured over a wide temperature (i.e., room temperature to 500°C) and frequencies (i.e., 102–106 Hz) ranges. This study takes advantage of plotting ac data simultaneously in the form of impedance and modulus spectroscopic plots and obey non-Debye type of relaxation process. The Nyquist's plot showed the presence of grain effects in the material at high temperature. The ac conductivity spectrum was found to obey Jonscher's universal power law. The dc conductivity was found to increase with rise in temperature. The activation energy of the compound was found to be 0.24 and 0.51 eV in the low and high-temperature region, respectively, for conduction process.
Characterization for Binding Complex Formation with Site‐Directly Immobilized Antibodies Enhancing Detection Capability of Cardiac Troponin I
Authors: Cho Il-Hoon , Seo Sung-Min , Jeon Jin-Woo , Paek Se-Hwan
Published: November 2009

The enhanced analytical performances of immunoassays that employed site‐directly
immobilized antibodies as the capture binders have been functionally characterized in terms of antigen‐antibody complex formation on solid surfaces. Three antibody species specific to cardiac troponin I, immunoglobulin G (IgG), Fab, and F were site‐directly biotinylated within the hinge region and then immobilized via a streptavidin‐biotin linkage. The new binders were more efficient capture antibodies in the immunoassays compared to randomly bound IgG, particularly, in the low antibody density range. The observed improvements could have resulted from controlled molecular orientation and also from flexibility, offering conditions suitable for binding complex formations.
S. N. Bernstein Type Estimations in the Mean on the Curves in a Complex Plane
Authors: Mamedkhanov J. I. , Dadashova I. B.
Published: November 2009

The present paper discusses in the metric Lp S. N. Bernstein type inequalities of the most general kind on very general accessible classes of curves in a complex plane. The obtained estimations, generally speaking, are not improvable.
Exponential Polynomials, Stirling Numbers, and Evaluation of Some Gamma Integrals
Authors: Boyadzhiev Khristo N.
Published: November 2009

This article is a short elementary review of the exponential polynomials (also
called single‐variable Bell polynomials) from the point of view of analysis. Some new properties
are included, and several analysis‐related applications are mentioned. At the end of the paper one
application is described in details—certain Fourier integrals involving Γ(a + it) and Γ(a + it)Γ(b − it) are evaluated in terms of Stirling numbers.
Generalized S(C, A, B)‐Pairs for Uncertain Linear Infinite‐Dimensional Systems
Authors: Otsuka Naohisa , Hinata Haruo
Published: November 2009

We introduce the concept of generalized S(C, A, B)‐pairs which is related to generalized S(A, B)‐invariant subspaces and generalized S(C, A)‐invariant subspaces for infinite‐dimensional systems. As an application the parameter‐insensitive disturbance‐rejection problem with dynamic compensator is formulated and its solvability conditions are presented. Further, an illustrative example is also examined.
Localized Waves in Optical Systems with Periodic Dispersion and Nonlinearity Management
Authors: Bale Brandon G. , Boscolo Sonia , Schwartz Osip Y. , Turitsyn Sergei K.
Published: November 2009

We overview our recent developments in the theory of dispersion‐managed (DM) solitons within the context of optical applications. First, we present a class of localized solutions with a period multiple to that of the standard DM soliton in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with periodic variations of the dispersion. In the framework of a reduced ordinary differential equation‐based model, we discuss the key features of these structures, such as a smaller energy compared to traditional DM solitons with the same temporal width. Next, we present new results on dissipative DM solitons, which occur in the context of mode‐locked
lasers. By means of numerical simulations and a reduced variational model of the complex Ginzburg‐Landau equation, we analyze the influence of the different dissipative processes that take place in a laser.
Methods to Evaluate the Effect of Ethanol on the Folate Analogue: Fluorescein Methotrexate Uptake in Human Proximal Tubular Cells
Authors: Gowder Sivakumar JT , McMartin Kenneth E.
Published: November 2009

Ethanol-induced folate deficiency is due to effects of ethanol on folate metabolism and absorption. We have already shown by using different methods that ethanol interferes with reabsorption of folate from the proximal tubule. In this study, we have used the folate analogue, the fluorescein methotrexate (FL-MTX), in order to evaluate effects of ethanol on FL-MTX uptake by the human proximal tubular (HPT) cells by using a confocal microscope and fluoroskan microplate reader. Since endothelins (ETs) play a major role in a number of diseases and also in the damage induced by a variety of chemicals, we have used endothelin-B (ET-B) and protein kinase-C (PKC) inhibitors to evaluate the role of endothelin in ethanol-mediated FL-MTX uptake by using fluoroskan microplate reader. Confocal microscope and fluoroskan studies reveal that cellular absorption of FL-MTX is concentration-dependent. Moreover, ethanol concentration has an impact on FL-MTX uptake. Fluoroskan studies reveal that the ethanol-induced decrease in FL-MTX uptake is reversed by adding the ET-B receptor antagonist (RES-701-1) or PKC-selective inhibitor (BIM). Thus, we can conclude that ethanol may act via ET and ET in turn may act via ET-B receptor and the PKC signaling pathway to impair FL-MTX transport.
The Alexandroff-Urysohn Square and the Fixed Point Property
Authors: Foregger T. H. , Hagopian C. L. , Marsh M. M.
Published: November 2009

Every continuous function of the Alexandroff-Urysohn Square into itself has a fixed point. This follows from G. S. Young's general theorem (1946) that establishes the fixed-point property for every arcwise connected Hausdorff space in which each monotone increasing sequence of arcs is contained in an arc. Here we give a short proof based on the structure of the Alexandroff-Urysohn Square.
Dyspnea and Wheezing after Adenosine Injection in a Patient with Eosinophilic Bronchitis
Authors: Cartin-Ceba Rodrigo , Aubry Marie Christine , Lim Kaiser
Published: November 2009

A 58-year-old nonsmoker female was referred for evaluation of chronic cough of 13 months duration. After an initial work-up, the patient was diagnosed to have chronic cough due to eosinophilic bronchitis. The diagnostic work-up for eosinophilic bronchitis and bronchial biopsy is discussed. Eosinophilic bronchitis is differentiated from asthma. In addition, the patient developed dyspnea, flushing, and wheezing after the administration of adenosine during a cardiac stress test in spite of a negative methacholine challenge. This indirect stimulus of airway hyperresponsiveness suggests the possible involvement of mast cells in eosinophilic bronchitis.
Interaction Map and Selection of microRNA Targets in Parkinson′s Disease‐Related Genes
Authors: Santosh P. Shinde , Arora Neelima , Sarma Pranjal , Pal-Bhadra Manika , Bhadra Utpal
Published: November 2009

Parkinson′s disease (PD) is a complex multigenic neurodisorder frequently occurring in elderly persons. To investigate noncoding tiny microRNA mediated gene regulation, miRanda (version 1.0b) was used to predict human miRNA target sites on selected 29 genes related to PD. To verify output generated from miRanda, a similar analysis was performed only for microRNA target sites in
3′UTR using TargetScan (version 5.1). Data extracted by miRanda elucidates the mode of microRNA action based on the location of target sites in the Parkinson genes. Sites prone to action of multiple miRNAs were identified as “hot spots.” Important properties of each miRNA including multiplicity and cooperativity appear to contribute towards a complex interplay between miRNAs and their targets. Two sets of predicted results were explored for the occurrence of target sites of 112 miRNAs expressed in midbrain. Overall, convergence of results predicted by two algorithms revealed that 48 target sites for midbrain‐specific miRNA occur in close proximity in 9 genes. This study will pave a way for selection of potential miRNA candidates for Parkinson′s disease‐related genes for quick therapeutic applications and diagnosis.
Colonic Endometriosis Mimicking Colon Cancer on a Virtual Colonoscopy Study: A Potential Pitfall in Diagnosis
Authors: Samet Jonathan D. , Horton Karen M. , Fishman Elliot K. , Hruban Ralph H.
Published: November 2009

Colonic endometriosis has been reported in the literature to mimic colon cancer. Patients can present with symptoms almost identical to colon cancer. We present an exemplary case of a woman who was found to have a mass on conventional colonoscopy. Virtual colonoscopy was instrumental in characterizing the obstructive sigmoid mass. A biopsy of the mass revealed sigmoid endometriosis.
On Perturbative Cubic Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations under Complex Nonhomogeneities and Complex Initial Conditions
Authors: El-Tawil Magdy A. , El-Hazmy Maha A.
Published: November 2009

A perturbing nonlinear Schrodinger equation is studied under general complex nonhomogeneities and complex initial conditions for zero boundary conditions. The perturbation method together with the eigenfunction expansion and variational parameters methods are used to introduce an approximate solution for the perturbative nonlinear case for which a power series solution is proved to exist. Using Mathematica, the symbolic solution algorithm is tested through computing the possible approximations under truncation procedures. The method of solution is illustrated through case studies and figures.
New Block Triangular Preconditioners for Saddle Point Linear Systems with Highly Singular (1,1) Blocks
Authors: Huang TingZhu , Cheng GuangHui , Li Liang
Published: November 2009

We establish two types of block triangular preconditioners applied to
the linear saddle point problems with the singular (1,1) block. These preconditioners
are based on the results presented in the paper of Rees and
Greif (2007). We study the
spectral characteristics of the preconditioners and show that all eigenvalues
of the preconditioned matrices are strongly clustered. The choice of the
parameter is involved. Furthermore, we give the optimal parameter in
practical. Finally, numerical experiments are also reported for illustrating
the efficiency of the presented preconditioners.
Myolipoma Affecting the Erector Spinae: A Case Report in a Child
Authors: Parratt M. T. R. , Gokaraju K. , Spiegelberg B. G. I. , Miles J. , Cannon S. R. , Briggs T. W. R.
Published: November 2009

Myolipoma is a rare, benign, lipomatous tumour which most commonly occurs in the retroperitoneum, pelvis, and abdomen. A 4-year-old boy presented with a painless enlarging mass in the left paraspinal region. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a soft tissue lesion with high fat content and areas of calcification. Excision and histopathological analysis revealed a tumour composed of lobules of mature adipose tissue and broad septa of well-differentiated smooth muscle tissue. The smooth muscle nature of the nonfatty component was demonstrated by a diffuse and strong immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin and desmin. The mass was reported as a myolipoma. The patient made an unremarkable recovery from surgery and remains healthy with no signs of recurrence at seven years. This paper represents the youngest patient diagnosed with this rare soft tissue tumour which is normally confined to the adult population. A newly reported site of the tumour is also highlighted.
Liposarcoma Arising in the Foot: A Case Report
Authors: Matsuo Toshihiro , Sugita Takashi , Shimose Shoji , Kubo Tadahiko , Yasunaga Yuji , Ochi Mitsuo
Published: November 2009

Liposarcoma is categorized as a soft tissue sarcoma and most commonly appears in the lower extremities and rarely in the foot during adulthood. We present a very rare case report of a primary well-differentiated liposarcoma arising in the foot on a 60-year-old female. Marginal resection of the tumor with metatarsal ray amputation was eventually performed. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful without recurrence 5 years after the original operation. The authors review the literature and also report on the low incidence of this tumor arising in the foot.
Percutaneous Discectomy—Continuous Irrigation and Drainage for Tuberculous Lumbar Spondylitis: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Shibuya Sei , Komatsubara Satoshi , Yamamoto Tetsuji , Arima Nobuo , Kanda Yoshiaki , Oka Shiro
Published: November 2009

Percutaneous curettage and continuous irrigation were performed for definitive diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous (TB) lumbar spondylitis. Under local anaesthesia, affected lumbar discs were curetted using a procedure of percutaneous nucleotomy, and in-tube and the out-tube were placed for continuous irrigation. The period of continuous irrigation was 12–16 days.Mycobacterium tuberculosiswas demonstrated in case 1 by culture and PCR, whereas histology showed tuberculous lesion with caseous necrosis in both cases. Postoperative MRI showed markedly reduced abscesses after 3 months in both cases. The signal intensity in vertebral bodies was improved. In Case 2, CT observations showed remodeling over time in the vertebral body cavities. This method is advantageous in that although minimally invasive, it achieves identification of pathogenic bacteria and treatment simultaneously. This surgical procedure is expected to prove effective for both TB and pyogenic spondylitis.
Extinction in Nonautonomous Discrete Lotka‐Volterra Competitive System with Pure Delays and Feedback Controls
Authors: Zhang Ling , Teng Zhidong , Zhang Tailei , Gao Shujing
Published: November 2009

The paper discusses a nonautonomous discrete time Lotka‐Volterra competitive system with pure delays and feedback controls. New sufficient conditions for which a part of the n‐species is driven to extinction are established by using the method of multiple discrete Lyapunov functionals.
Synthesis, Novel Crystal Structure, and β‐Amyloid Binding Property of Re(I) (tricarbonyl)+ EHIDA Analogue
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Jia Xin , Zhu Lin , Zhang Huabei
Published: November 2009

A neutral compound Re(CO)3(L)
(L: 2‐((2‐(2,6‐diethylphenylamino)‐2‐oxoethyl)(2‐ethoxy‐2‐oxoethyl)amino)acetic acid, an IDA analogue) has been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro imaging probes of β‐amyloid (Aβ) aggregates. Results of X‐ray measurement of Re(CO)3(L) demonstrated that the coordination mode of Re(CO)3(L) was different from that of classical Re/Tc(I) (tricarbonyl)‐IDA analogues; the structure of Re(CO)3(L) was confirmed by means of infrared spectrum, HPLC‐UV, TOF MS, and X‐ray measurements (Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre number is 732731): monoclinic P21/c, a = 15.6636 (12) Å, b = 10.9360 (8) Å, c = 27.756 (2) Å, α = 90.000 (0)∘, β = 90.783 (5)∘, γ = 90.000 (0)∘, and Z = 8. The binding affinity for β‐amyloid plaques was assessed by in vitro binding assay using preformed synthetic Aβ(1–40) aggregates. The neutral compound Re(CO)3(L) showed binding affinity to Aβ aggregates at micromolar level by fluorescence spectroscopy, and this work will encourage for further exploration of imaging agents labeled by center as probes for β‐amyloid plaques in vivo.
Successful Coronary Stent Retrieval from the Saphenous Vein Graft to Right Coronary Artery
Authors: Aydin Mustafa , Sayin Muhammet Rasit
Published: November 2009

Stent dislodgement and migration is a rare but serious complication of stent usage. For extraction of unexpanded stents different techniques have been described previously. We describe a case which used small baloon catheter for retrieval of a stent from the SVG-RCA.
Molecular Cytogenetic Mapping of Chromosomal Fragments and Immunostaining of Kinetochore Proteins in Beta
Authors: Dechyeva Daryna , Schmidt Thomas
Published: November 2009

By comparative multicolor FISH, we have physically mapped small chromosome fragments in the sugar beet addition lines PRO1 and PAT2 and analyzed the distribution of repetitive DNA families in species of the section Procumbentes of the genus Beta. Six repetitive probes were applied, including genotype‐specific probes—satellites pTS4.1, pTS5, and pRp34 and a dispersed repeat pAp4, the telomere (TTTAGGG)n, and the conserved 18S‐5.8S‐25S rRNA genes. Pachytene‐FISH analysis of the native centromere organization allowed proposing the origin of PRO1 and PAT2 fragments. Comparative analysis of the repetitive DNA distribution and organization in the wild beet and in the addition lines allowed the development of a physical model of the chromosomal fragments. Immunostaining revealed that the PRO1 chromosome fragment binds α‐tubulin and the serine 10‐phosphorylated histone H3 specific for the active centromere. This is the first experimental detection of the kinetochore proteins in Beta showing their active involvement in chromosome segregation in mitosis.
Gamer′s Facial Cloning for Online Interactive Games
Authors: Sattar Abdul , Stoiber Nicolas , Seguier Renaud , Breton Gaspard
Published: November 2009

Virtual illustration of a human face is essential to enhance the mutual interaction in a cyber community. In this paper we propose a solution to solve two bottlenecks in facial analysis and synthesis for an interactive system of human face cloning for non‐expert users of computer games. Tactical maneuvers of the gamer make single camera acquisition system unsuitable to analyze and track the face due to its large lateral movements. For an improved facial analysis system, we propose to acquire the facial images from multiple cameras and analyze them by multiobjective 2.5D Active Appearance Model (MOAAM). Facial morphological dissimilarities between a human face and an avatar make the facial synthesis quite complex. To successfully clone or retarget the gamer facial expressions and gestures on to an avatar, we introduce a simple mathematical link between their appearances. Results obtained validate the efficiency, accuracy and robustness achieved.
The Impact of Diabetes Type 2 in the Pathogenesis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Review
Authors: Stamatiou K. , Lardas M. , Kostakos E. , Koutsonasios V. , Michail E.
Published: November 2009

Introduction. Clinical observation of larger prostate glands in men with diabetes mellitus type 2 led some investigators to hypothesize that an association between these two conditions exists. In fact, both diseases are very common in men as they age and seem to be sharing similar epidemiologic features. Several studies examining the above hypothesis were yielded.Aim. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the existing literature focusing on the coexistence of BPH and diabetes mellitus type 2 and to elucidate whether or not an association among these conditions exists.Methods. We identified studies published from 1990 onwards by searching the MEDLINE database of the National Library of Medicine. Initial search terms werebenign prostatic hyperplasia, epidemiology, andrisk factor,combined withdiet hyperinsulinemia, and diabetes mellitus type 2.Results. Diabetes mellitus type 2 and hyperinsulinemia are quite common conditions and often coexist with BPH. There are several studies (observational, epidemiological, and experimental) examining the association between them in literature.Conclusion. Evidence suggests that an association between BPH and diabetes through a common pathogenic mechanism is possible. The specific pathway interfering in the development of both conditions is still poorly investigated; thus, the exact relationship of BPH to diabetes remains unclear.
Oscillation Susceptibility Analysis of the ADMIRE Aircraft along the Path of Longitudinal Flight Equilibriums in Two Different Mathematical Models
Authors: Balint Stefan , Balint Agneta Maria , Ionita Achim
Published: November 2009

The oscillation susceptibility of the ADMIRE aircraft along the path of longitudinal flight equilibriums is analyzed numerically in the general and in a simplified flight model. More precisely, the longitudinal flight equilibriums, the stability of these equilibriums, and the existence of bifurcations along the path of these equilibriums are researched in both models. Maneuvers and appropriate piloting tasks for the touch‐down moment are simulated in both models. The computed results obtained in the models are compared in order to see if the movement concerning the landing phase computed in the simplified model is similar to that computed in the general model. The similarity we find is not a proof of the structural stability of the simplified system, what as far we know never been made, but can increase the confidence that the simplified system correctly describes the real phenomenon.
Electrodeposition of Platinum and Ruthenium Nanoparticles in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube‐Nafion Nanocomposite for Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Hong Yu-Huei , Tsai Yu-Chen
Published: November 2009

PtRu nanoparticles with a diameter of 10–15 nm were electrodeposited within multiwalled carbon nanotube‐Nafion (MWCNT‐Nafion) nanocomposite. The formation of PtRu nanoparticles in MWCNT‐Nafion nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic activity towards the methanol electrooxidation at PtRu‐MWCNT‐Nafion and Pt‐MWCNT‐Nafion nanocomposite‐modified glassy carbon electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results indicated that the PtRu‐MWCNT‐Nafion nanocomposite was electrocatalytically more active than Pt‐MWCNT‐Nafion nanocomposite. The effect of atomic ratio of Pt : Ru on the electrocatalytic ability towards the methanol electrooxidation was investigated in order to achieve a high catalyst use. The PtRu bimetallic catalyst with 1 : 1 atomic ratio showed better electrocatalytic activity towards the methanol electrooxidation. The stability for the methanol electrooxidation at PtRu‐MWCNT‐Nafion nanocomposite modified was also investigated.
Update on Management of Caustic and Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
Authors: Betalli Pietro , Rossi Alfredo , Bini Marta , Bacis Giuseppe , Borrelli Osvaldo , Cutrone Cesare , Dall'Oglio Luigi , d'Angelis Gian Luigi , Falchetti Diego , Farina Maria Luisa , Gamba PierGiorgio , Gandullia Paolo , Lombardi Giuliano , Torroni Fillippo , Romano Claudio , De Angelis Paola
Published: November 2009

The following recommendations for management of caustic and foreign body ingestion in children have been developed following a multicentre study performed by theItalian Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP). They are principally addressed to medical professionals involved in casualty. Because there is paucity of good quality clinical trials in children on this topic, many of the recommendations are currently extrapolated from adult experiences or based on experts opinions. The document represents a level 2 to 5 degree of evidence (according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence), gathered from clinical experience, recent studies, and expert reports discussed during a consensus conference of the Endoscopic Section of the Italian Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition. This working group comprises paediatricians, endoscopists, paediatric surgeons, toxicologists, and ENT surgeons, who are all actively involved in the management of these children. Recommendations are intended to serve as an aid to clinical judgement, not to replace it and therefore do not provide answers to every clinical question; nor does adherence to them ensure a successful outcome in every case. The ultimate decision on the clinical management of an individual patient will always depend on the specific clinical circumstances of the patient, and on the clinical judgement of the health care team.
Covalent Attachment of Carbohydrate Derivatives to an Evanescent Wave Fiber Bragg Grating Biosensor
Authors: Stanford Christopher J. , Ryu Geunmin , Dagenais Mario , Hurley Matthew T. , Gaskell Karen J. , DeShong Philip
Published: November 2009

A carbohydrate‐based biosensor was prepared by functionalization of the surface of an etched fiber Bragg grating with a glucopyranosyl‐siloxane conjugate. Functionalization of the surface with the conjugate resulted in a Bragg grating shift of 24 pm. This shift in the refractive index is consistent with a theoretical shift calculated assuming monolayer coverage of the glucose conjugate on the sensor. The resulting functionalized fiber was shown to interact selectively with concanavalin A (Con A), a glucose binding protein (lectin). Exposure of the glucose‐functionalized fiber to peanut agglutinin, a galactosebinding lectin, did not result in a change of the refractive index corresponding to a binding event.