bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mangelnde Nachexzision eines dermatohistologisch suspekten Poroms
Authors: Elsner P. , Peckruhn M. , Meyer J.
Published: June 2020

Von einem niedergelassenen Hautarzt wurde bei einem Patienten eine Hautveränderung im Bereich des Oberschenkels rechts unter dem Verdacht auf einen epidermalen Naevus exzidiert. Dermatohistologisch wurde die Diagnose „ekkrines Porom“ gestellt. Bei gesteigerter Proliferationsaktivität konnte die Dignität jedoch nicht sicher als gutartig bewertet werden und eine komplette Nachexzision wurde dringend empfohlen. Diese erfolgte weder zeitnah noch nach 11 Monaten, als sich der Patient aufgrund einer Urtikaria erneut vorstellte. Weitere 14 Monate später erfolgte eine Konsultation des Patienten bei einem anderen Hautarzt aufgrund einer plattenförmigen Veränderung im erstbehandelten Bereich des Oberschenkels, wo mittels einer Hautbiopsie ein invasives Porokarzinom gesichert wurde. Eine stationäre Nachexzision sowie ein Tumorstaging wurden in einer dermatologischen Universitätsklinik vorgenommen. 6 Jahre später wurde im Bereich der rechten Leiste eine Lymphknotenmetastase des Porokarzinoms nachgewiesen, die in einer chirurgischen Klinik mittels Lymphknotendissektion sowie adjuvanter Strahlentherapie therapiert wurde.

Von der Schlichtungsstelle wurde zwar ein Diagnosefehler verneint, aber eine schuldhafte Unterlassung der Sicherungsaufklärung und der Veranlassung der Folgebehandlung bejaht. Die Unterlassung einer In toto-Entfernung des ekkrinen Poroms mit dadurch erfolgter Zeitverzögerung des malignen Hauttumors war als fehlerhafte massive Fachstandardunterschreitung einzuordnen; bei korrektem Vorgehen wäre nach ärztlicher Erfahrung eine wesentliche Veränderung des Krankheitsverlaufes zu erwarten gewesen.

Der dermatohistologische Befund von auf Malignität verdächtigen, unvollständig exzidierten Hauttumoren sollte dem Patienten unverzüglich mitgeteilt, eine Nachexzision, sofern indiziert, eindringlich empfohlen und diese Sicherungsaufklärung in der Patientenakte vermerkt werden. Das Versäumnis dieser Pflicht zur Aufklärung und nachfolgenden Behandlung kann einen groben Behandlungsfehler darstellen, der zur Beweislastumkehr für die Kausalität nachfolgend auftretender Gesundheitsschäden des Patienten führt.
Artificial intelligence for polyp detection during colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Barua Ishita , Vinsard Daniela Guerrero , Jodal Henriette C. , Løberg Magnus , Kalager Mette , Holme Øyvind , Misawa Masashi , Bretthauer Michael , Mori Yuichi
Published: June 2020

Background Artificial intelligence (AI)-based polyp detection systems are used during colonoscopy with the aim of increasing lesion detection and improving colonoscopy quality.

Patients and methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective trials to determine the value of AI-based polyp detection systems for detection of polyps and colorectal cancer. We performed systematic searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Independent reviewers screened studies and assessed eligibility, certainty of evidence, and risk of bias. We compared colonoscopy with and without AI by calculating relative and absolute risks and mean differences for detection of polyps, adenomas, and colorectal cancer.

Results Five randomized trials were eligible for analysis. Colonoscopy with AI increased adenoma detection rates (ADRs) and polyp detection rates (PDRs) compared to colonoscopy without AI (values given with 95 %CI). ADR with AI was 29.6 % (22.2 % – 37.0 %) versus 19.3 % (12.7 % – 25.9 %) without AI; relative risk (RR] 1.52 (1.31 – 1.77), with high certainty. PDR was 45.4 % (41.1 % – 49.8 %) with AI versus 30.6 % (26.5 % – 34.6 %) without AI; RR 1.48 (1.37 – 1.60), with high certainty. There was no difference in detection of advanced adenomas (mean advanced adenomas per colonoscopy 0.03 for each group, high certainty). Mean adenomas detected per colonoscopy was higher for small adenomas (≤ 5 mm) for AI versus non-AI (mean difference 0.15 [0.12 – 0.18]), but not for larger adenomas (> 5 – ≤ 10 mm, mean difference 0.03 [0.01 – 0.05]; > 10 mm, mean difference 0.01 [0.00 – 0.02]; high certainty). Data on cancer are unavailable.

Conclusions AI-based polyp detection systems during colonoscopy increase detection of small nonadvanced adenomas and polyps, but not of advanced adenomas.
Total Syntheses of Cylindrocyclophanes Exemplifying the Power of Transition-Metal Catalysis in Natural-Product Synthesis
Authors: Breit Bernhard , Berthold Dino
Published: June 2020

Cylindrocyclophanes are a class of naturally occurring 22-membered macrocycles with a unique architecture and interesting physical, chemical, and biological properties. This comprehensive account summarizes progress in various synthetic approaches to these compounds during the last twenty years, thereby emphasizing the key steps for establishing the [7,7]-paracyclophane scaffold, as well as alternative approaches to the construction of its stereocenters. Many of these syntheses highlight the power of transition-metal catalysis for natural-product synthesis. Furthermore, the unraveling of the biosynthesis to these natural products in Cylindrospermum licheniforme is discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Biosynthesis

3 Smith’s Synthesis of (–)-Cylindrocyclophanes A and F

4 Hoye’s Synthesis of (–)-Cylindrocyclophane A

5 Iwabuchi’s Syntheses of (–)-Cylindrocyclophane A and (+)-Cylindrocyclophane A

6 Nicolaou’s Synthesis of (–)-Cylindrocyclophanes A and F

7 Breit’s Synthesis of (–)-Cylindrocyclophane F

8 Conclusion
Direct Synthesis of Enones by Visible-Light-Promoted Oxygenation of Trisubstituted Olefins Using Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Harada Shinji , Matsuda Daiki , Morikawa Takahiro , Nishida Atsushi
Published: June 2020

A one-step synthesis of enones from olefins is described. The reaction was performed under visible-light irradiation in the presence of molecular oxygen and a photocatalyst. The reaction proceeded with various types of trisubstituted olefins to give enones in good yields with high regioselectivity. In particular, oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups, heteroaromatic rings, and cyclopropanes were tolerated. Mechanistic studies and previous reports indicated that the active oxygen species generated in the reaction system is singlet oxygen.
Formal Synthesis of (±)-Aplykurodinone-1 Based on the Indium-Catalyzed Conia-Ene Reaction
Authors: Wang Xiaoji , Wang Liping , Huang Shuangping , Zhou Yi , Xiao Hesheng , Ou Wentao , Pang Yiying , Li Wang
Published: June 2020

A concise formal synthesis of (±)-aplykurodinone-1 starting from a commercially available material and based on the indium-catalyzed Conia-ene reaction has been accomplished. The synthesis features a Riley selenium dioxide oxidation, a Krapcho dealkoxycarbonylation, and a ring-closing metathesis approach. The synthetic strategy was also supported by a Saegusa oxidation and a classic Michael 1,4-conjugate addition.
Klinefelter Syndrome Mosaicism 46,XX/47,XXY: A New Case and Literature Review
Authors: Tangshewinsirikul Chayada , Dulyaphat Wirada , Tim-Aroon Thipwimol , Parinayok Rachanee , Chareonsirisuthigul Takol , Korkiatsakul Veerawat , Waisayarat Jariya , Sirisreetreerux Pokket , Tingthanatikul Yada , Wattanasirichaigoon Duangrurdee
Published: June 2020

Most cases of Klinefelter syndrome (KS) have 47,XXY karyotype. We reported the first case of 46,XX/47,XXY KS whose genital ambiguity was detected prenatally with postnatal confirmation of the mosaicism and ovotesticular disorder of sex development (OT-DSD). The paternal origin of the extra X chromosome was identified using trio cytogenomic single-nucleotide polymorphism array. Additional 18 cases were also reviewed. The clinical presentation of 46,XX/47,XXY is age-dependent with two age peaks, including ambiguous genitalia during infancy and gynecomastia with or without cyclical hematuria and left scrotal pain and mass in adolescence. The 46,XX is the predominant karyotype both in peripheral blood and gonadal tissue. The risk of germ cell tumor is very high throughout life in these individuals. Individuals with 46,XX/47,XXY mosaicism should be treated more as OT-DSD other than a simple mosaic KS. A multidisciplinary approach and long-term monitoring are necessary.
Influence of layer thickness on passivation properties in SiOx/Al2O3 stacks
Authors: Ek Anton , Reichel Christian , Richter Armin , Benick Jan
Published: June 2020

SiOx/Al2O3 passivation stacks have shown the potential to effectively passivate both n- and p-type surfaces as the charge density may be controlled via the SiOx layer thickness. Here, the passivation quality of the SiOx/Al2O3 stacks is investigated as the function of SiOx layer thickness and Al2O3 layer thickness. The SiOx/Al2O3 passivation stacks were deposited on n- and p-type Si using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition and the effective surface recombination velocity (Seff), interface defect density (Dit), and effective fixed charge density (Qeff) were measured. The level of passivation was highest when the surface was passivated with only Al2O3 (1.1 cm/s and 4.8 cm/s for n-type and p-type, respectively). Seff increased with increasing SiOx thickness, reached a maximum value, and then decreased for thicker SiOx layers. The low Seff values correlate with accumulation or inversion while maximum Seff appears at the depletion/edge of inversion. Increasing the Al2O3 thickness also lowered Seff, both when used on its own and in SiOx/Al2O3 stacks but did not affect where the maximum Seff was located. The defect density was low (Dit<1011eV−1cm−2) irrespective of SiOx thickness and the n-type wafers showed an overall lower defect density than p-type wafers. The SiOx layer lowered the defect density for n-type wafers and Dit<1010eV−1cm−2 could be observed. The SiOx layer thickness greatly affected the effective fixed charge density (Qeff) which became more positive as the thickness increased. The doping type had an influence on the resulting Qeff with the n-type Si becoming more negatively charged than p-type.
A study on temperature–stress model of pre-cooling for re-condenser in LNG receiving station
Authors: Zhang Chen , Chen Feng , Wang Yaqun , Peng Yanjian , Zhao Ye , Lv Mengyun
Published: June 2020

Pre-cooling in a re-condenser is one of the key tasks for the smooth operation in a liquefied natural gas receiving station. It should be conducted economically and efficiently to ensure operation safety so that the re-condenser material damage caused by the thermal stress can be avoided. In this paper, a pre-cooling temperature model based on the computational fluid dynamics technology has been established to complete the large-grid calculation in the re-condenser. Combined with the component transport equation and volume of fluid multi-phase flow model, a theoretical system has been built which can be applied to both the gas phase pre-cooling model and the liquid phase pre-cooling model. The fast and stable calculation of the multi-component multiphase and large-scale has been realized through controlling the grid optimization, dynamic relaxation factor, and phase change model selection. To realize the coupling between the temperature model and the stress model and analyze the thermal stress caused by the temperature change in the pre-cooling real time, a pre-cooling stress model has been constructed and a temperature difference algorithm has been proposed. After analyzing the overall and local model of the re-condenser, the thermal deformation and thermal stress during the pre-cooling of the re-condenser can be comprehensively analyzed, and the detailed analysis of the stress and fatigue life at the peak stress region (e.g., the nozzle) can be achieved. The prediction accuracy of the pre-cooling temperature–stress model has been verified by the on-site measured data. They have great popularizing and applying values. The two models can provide scientific support in pre-cooling scheme design, optimization, pre-cooling flow, and structural safety, and when applied to engineering, they can lead to significant economic and safety benefits.
Theoretical prediction of magnetic exchange coupling constants from broken-symmetry coupled cluster calculations
Authors: Schurkus Henry , Chen Dian-Teng , Cheng Hai-Ping , Chan Garnet , Stanton John
Published: June 2020

Exchange coupling constants (J) are fundamental to the understanding of spin spectra of magnetic systems. Here, we investigate the broken-symmetry (BS) approaches of Noodleman and Yamaguchi in conjunction with coupled cluster (CC) methods to obtain exchange couplings. J values calculated from CC in this fashion converge smoothly toward the full configuration interaction result with increasing level of CC excitation. We compare this BS-CC scheme to the complementary equation-of-motion CC approach on a selection of bridged molecular cases and give results from a few other methodologies for context.
A description of structured waves in shock compressed particulate composites
Authors: Bober David B. , Herbold Eric B. , Toyoda Yoshi , Maddox Brian , Kumar Mukul
Published: June 2020

Dynamic compression of composite materials is of scientific interest because the mechanical mismatch between internal phases challenges continuum theories. Typical assumptions about steady wave propagation and quasi-instantaneous state changes require reexamination along with the need for time-dependent models. To that end, data and models are presented for the shock compression of an idealized particulate composite. To serve as a generic representative of this material class, a polymer matrix was filled with tungsten particles, ranging from 1 to 50 vol. %. This creates a simple microstructure containing randomly scattered particles with an extreme impedance mismatch to the binding matrix. These materials were parallel plate impact loaded by Al flyers traveling at 1.8–5.0 km/s. Velocimetry provided records of the equilibrium state and the compression wave structure for each case with trends quantified by an empirical fit. The same quantities were also studied as a function of the wave's propagation distance. A homogenized viscoelastic model then made it possible to progress from cataloging trends to making predictions. Starting from a Mie–Gruneisen equation of state, additional time varying terms were added to capture the transient response. After calibration, accurate predictions of the steady wave structure were possible.
Analysis on the stop band of fourth-order resonance in high-intensity linear accelerators
Authors: Cheon Y. L. , Moon S. H. , Chung M. , Jeon D.
Published: June 2020

The earlier study of [Jeon et al., Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.--Accel. Beams 12, 054204 (2009)] discovered 4σ=360° fourth-order particle resonance in linear accelerators (linacs) for any non-KV distributions (such as Gaussian and waterbag) and found that this particle resonance was predominantly manifested over the envelope instability. Several experiments have since been performed and demonstrated that fourth-order resonance indeed occurred for σ<90°. Nonetheless, the lower bound of the particle resonance stop band and detailed parametric studies (e.g., scanning with various beam currents and zero-current phase advances σ0) on the emittance growth from the fourth-order resonance have been somewhat limited. This paper presents analytical and numerical investigations to observe the fourth-order resonance under several focusing field types (e.g., solenoid and quadrupole) with a wide range of parameters. From these studies, the general stop band for the 4σ=360° fourth-order particle resonance is established to be σ0>90° and σ<90°. Self-consistent multi-particle simulations using TraceWin and PARMILA codes are performed with initially well-matched Gaussian beams to observe the emittance growth originating from the fourth-order particle resonance. It is found that the emittance growth rate varies depending on σ0 and tune depression (or equivalently beam current). It transpires that the region in which the envelope instability develops is consistent with the envelope instability stop band. The fourth-order particle resonance stop band is wider than the envelope instability stop band, and the envelope instability is induced following fourth-order particle resonance only within the envelope instability stop band in the tune-depression space.
Nanoparticle diffusion in polymer melts: Molecular dynamics simulations and mode-coupling theory
Authors: Popova Hristina , Egorov Sergei A. , Milchev Andrey
Published: June 2020

Nanoparticle diffusion in polymer melts is studied by the combination of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and Mode-Coupling Theory (MCT). In accord with earlier experimental, simulation, and theoretical studies, we find that the Stokes–Einstein (SE) hydrodynamic relation Dn ∼ 1/Rn holds when the nanoparticle radius Rn is greater than the polymer gyration radius Rg, while in the opposite regime, the measured nanoparticle diffusion coefficient Dn exceeds the SE value by as much as an order of magnitude. The MCT values of Dn are found to be consistently higher than the MD simulation values. The observed discrepancy is attributed to the approximations involved in constructing the microscopic friction as well as to the approximate forms for dynamic structure factors used in MCT. In a thorough test of underlying MCT assumptions and approximations, various structural and dynamical quantities required as input for MCT are obtained directly from MD simulations. We present the improved MCT approach, which involves splitting of the microscopic time-dependent friction into two terms: binary (originating from short-time dynamics) and collective (due to long-time dynamics). Using MD data as input in MCT, we demonstrate that the total friction is largely dominated by its binary short-time term, which, if neglected, leads to severe overestimation of Dn. As a result, the revised version of MCT, in agreement with the present MD data, predicts 1/Rn2 scaling of the probe diffusion coefficient in a non-hydrodynamic regime when Rn < Rg. If the total friction is dominated by the collective long-time component, one would observe 1/Rn3 scaling of Dn in accordance with previous studies.
Weighted ensemble milestoning (WEM): A combined approach for rare event simulations
Authors: Ray Dhiman , Andricioaei Ioan
Published: June 2020

To directly simulate rare events using atomistic molecular dynamics is a significant challenge in computational biophysics. Well-established enhanced-sampling techniques do exist to obtain the thermodynamic functions for such systems. However, developing methods for obtaining the kinetics of long timescale processes from simulation at atomic detail is comparatively less developed an area. Milestoning and the weighted ensemble (WE) method are two different stratification strategies; both have shown promise for computing long timescales of complex biomolecular processes. Nevertheless, both require a significant investment of computational resources. We have combined WE and milestoning to calculate observables in orders-of-magnitude less central processing unit and wall-clock time. Our weighted ensemble milestoning method (WEM) uses WE simulation to converge the transition probability and first passage times between milestones, followed by the utilization of the theoretical framework of milestoning to extract thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the entire process. We tested our method for a simple one-dimensional double-well potential, for an eleven-dimensional potential energy surface with energy barrier, and on the biomolecular model system alanine dipeptide. We were able to recover the free energy profiles, time correlation functions, and mean first passage times for barrier crossing events at a significantly small computational cost. WEM promises to extend the applicability of molecular dynamics simulation to slow dynamics of large systems that are well beyond the scope of present day brute-force computations.
On the weak solutions for the rotation-two-component Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: Yang Li , Mu Chunlai , Zhou Shouming , Tu Xinyu
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with a model the equatorial water waves with the Coriolis effect in the rotating fluid, which is called rotation-two-component Camassa–Holm system. The purpose of this work is to utilize the pseudo-parabolic regularization to establish the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions in a lower order Sobolev space Hs(R)×Hs−1(R) with 1<s≤32.
Layer-dependence of macroscopic and atomic magnetic correlations in Co/Pd multilayers
Authors: Soriano N. , Mora B. , Rollano V. , Gargiani P. , Quirós C. , Gálvez F. , Redondo C. , del Valle J. , Montoya I. , Gómez A. , González E. M. , Navarro E. , Vélez M. , Alameda J. M. , Valvidares M. , Vicent J. L. , Morales R.
Published: June 2020

The development of multilayered materials with engineered magnetic properties compels a deep knowledge of physical properties at the atomic scale. The magnetic anisotropy is a key property in these materials. This work accounts for the magnetic anisotropy energy and its correlation with atomic properties of Co/Pd multilayers with the number of Co/Pd repetitions. Magnetometry measurements confirm stronger perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energies as the number of repetitions increases up to 40. However, the intrinsic anisotropy, related to the Co–Pd orbital hybridization and spin–orbit coupling, saturates at 15 repetitions. This finding is supported by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism analysis that reveals a direct correlation of the atomic Co and Pd orbital magnetic moments and the effective anisotropy of the system. The proximity effect that accounts for the Pd induced magnetization, along with the increasing Co moment, provides a suitable mechanism for the observed anisotropy energy layer dependence.
Temperature overshoot as the cause of physical changes in resistive switching devices during electro-formation
Authors: Meng Jingjia , Zhao Bingyuan , Xu Qiyun , Goodwill Jonathan M. , Bain James A. , Skowronski Marek
Published: June 2020

Resistive switching devices based on transition metal oxides require formation of a conductive filament in order for the device to be able to switch. Such filaments have been proposed to form by the reduction of oxide due to the application of the electric field, but this report seeks to rebut that interpretation. Frequently reported physical changes during electro-formation include delamination of electrodes, crystallization of functional oxide, intermixing of electrode and oxide materials, and extensive loss of oxygen presumably to the ambient. Here, we show that most of these effects are not inherent to the formation and switching processes and instead are due to an experimental artifact: the discharge of parasitic capacitances in the forming circuit. Discharge of typical BNC cables can raise the temperature of the filament to between 2000 and 5000 K resulting in extensive physical changes. Discharge and associated effects mentioned above can be eliminated using an on-chip load element without affecting the ability to switch.
Jack Golson, Roger Green and debates in New Zealand archaeology
Authors: Allen Harry
Published: June 2020

Discussion in settler New Zealand concerning the Maori past has gone on for more than 150 years. To a large extent, archaeological approaches to this issue date only to the arrival of Jack Golson, a Cambridge-trained archaeologist, at the University of Auckland in 1954. He was joined shortly afterwards by Roger Green from Harvard. Debates between Golson and Green, bringing both European and American approaches to bear within a culture historical framework, have been influential. Their work and subsequent critiques are reviewed, along with an assessment of how New Zealand archaeologists currently interpret the archaeological record of change and development within Maori culture.
Simulation and experiment of the magnetorheological seat suspension with a seated occupant in both shock and vibration occasions
Authors: Jiang Rilang , Rui Xiaoting , Yang Fufeng , Zhu Wei , Zhu Hongtao , Jiang Min
Published: June 2020

The aim of the present work is to develop an magnetorheological (MR) seat suspension for military vehicles to mitigate dynamic responses of seated occupant in both shock and vibration occasions. The main components of the MR seat suspension are tested and modelled. Subsequently, a mathematical model incorporating the MR seat and a seated occupant is established. The vibration and shock simulations based on the established model are carried out, and the results indicate that the proposed MR seat suspension can significantly alleviate the acceleration responses of the seated occupant under vibration input, and simultaneously possess the ability of reducing the spinal injury risk in the presence of severe impact. The systematic experiments of the MR seat prototype with a 50th percentile male hybrid III dummy are conducted, it is found out that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical simulation results, which demonstrates that the developed MR seat suspension is provided with favourable vibration reduction performance and impact resistance.
Robust dynamical exchange cooling with trapped ions
Authors: Sägesser T , Matt R , Oswald R , Home J P
Published: June 2020

We investigate theoretically the possibility for robust and fast cooling of a trapped atomic ion by transient interaction with a pre-cooled ion. The transient coupling is achieved through dynamical control of the ions’ equilibrium positions. To achieve short cooling times we make use of shortcuts to adiabaticity by applying invariant-based engineering. We design these to take account of imperfections such as stray fields, and trap frequency offsets. For settings appropriate to a currently operational trap in our laboratory, we find that robust performance could be achieved down to 6.3 motional cycles, comprising 14.2 μs for ions with a 0.44 MHz trap frequency. This is considerably faster than can be achieved using laser cooling in the weak coupling regime, which makes this an attractive scheme in the context of quantum computing.
Surface functionalization of graphene oxide using amino silane magnetic nanocomposite for Chromium (VI) removal and bacterial treatment
Authors: Sahoo Jitendra Kumar , Paikra Sanjeev Kumar , Baliarsingh Archana , Panda Debashis , Rath Sourav , Mishra Monalisa , Sahoo Harekrushna
Published: June 2020

Amino silane magnetic nanocomposite decorated on graphene oxide (GO-Fe3O4-APTES) was successfully prepared by organic transformation reaction followed by co-precipitation method. The nanocomposite was characterised by using FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, EDS mapping, VSM, Raman spectroscopy, BET surface area analyzer, Zeta potential and UV-visible spectrophotometer. From TEM results we observed that 8 nm sized particles successfully modified on GO surface. The surface area of GO-Fe3O4-APTES was 57.9 m2 g−1. The magnetic Saturation value of GO-Fe3O4-APTES was 30.6 emu g−1 and the S-like magnetization of all the samples shows super paramagnetic in nature. Due to magnetic nature adsorbent, it could be easily separated from aqueous solution. GO-Fe3O4-APTES material was highly selective for Chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solution. About 91% of Chromium (VI) was removed at pH 3, 160 rpm of shaking speed, 0.3 g l−1 of adsorbent dose and 10 h of contact time. The adsorption process of Chromium (VI) on GO-Fe3O4-APTES follows Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model because of high coefficient of determination value (R2 = 0.99). The maximum adsorption capacity (q

m
) of GO-Fe3O4- APTES was observed at 60.53 mg g−1. The synthesized material was desorbed with 0.5 M NaOH and recycled up to five cycles. After five cycles, the removal efficiency of Chromium (VI) possesses high efficacy towards GO-Fe3O4-APTES. Mechanistically, adsorption of Chromium (VI) follows strong electrostatic attraction between adsorbate and adsorbent. GO-Fe3O4-APTES has potential adsorbent for the adsorption of Chromium (VI) in waste water treatment. Furthermore, the GO-Fe3O4-APTES were tested for antibacterial properties against gram negative (Escherichia coli) and gram positive (Bacillus subtilis) bacterial strain. The synthesized material responds positively towards antibacterial activity.
Endopolyploidy is a common response to UV-B stress in natural plant populations, but its magnitude may be affected by chromosome type
Authors: Zedek František , Plačková Klára , Veselý Pavel , Šmerda Jakub , Šmarda Petr , Horová Lucie , Bureš Petr
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims

Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) radiation damages the DNA, cells and photosynthetic apparatus of plants. Plants commonly prevent this damage by synthetizing UV-B-protective compounds. Recent laboratory experiments in Arabidopsis and cucumber have indicated that plants can also respond to UV-B stress with endopolyploidy. Here we test the generality of this response in natural plant populations, considering their monocentric or holocentric chromosomal structure.

Methods

We measured the endopolyploidy index (flow cytometry) and the concentration of UV-B-protective compounds in leaves of 12 herbaceous species (1007 individuals) from forest interiors and neighbouring clearings where they were exposed to increased UV-B radiation (103 forest + clearing populations). We then analysed the data using phylogenetic mixed models.

Key Results

The concentration of UV-B protectives increased with UV-B doses estimated from hemispheric photographs of the sky above sample collection sites, but the increase was more rapid in species with monocentric chromosomes. Endopolyploidy index increased with UV-B doses and with concentrations of UV-B-absorbing compounds only in species with monocentric chromosomes, while holocentric species responded negligibly.

Conclusions

Endopolyploidy seems to be a common response to increased UV-B in monocentric plants. Low sensitivity to UV-B in holocentric species might relate to their success in high-UV-stressed habitats and corroborates the hypothesized role of holocentric chromosomes in plant terrestrialization.
Item Response Theory Analyses of Barkley’s Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scales
Authors: Nitta Morgan E , Magnus Brooke E , Marshall Paul S , Hoelzle James B
Published: June 2020

There are many challenges associated with assessment and diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood. Utilizing the graded response model (GRM) from item response theory (IRT), a comprehensive item-level analysis of adult ADHD rating scales in a clinical population was conducted with Barkley's Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Self-Report of Current Symptoms (CSS), a self-report diagnostic checklist and a similar self-report measure quantifying retrospective report of childhood symptoms, Barkley's Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Self-Report of Childhood Symptoms (BAARS-C). Differences in item functioning were also considered after identifying and excluding individuals with suspect effort. Items associated with symptoms of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) are endorsed differently across the lifespan, and these data suggest that they vary in their relationship to the theoretical constructs of IA and H/I. Screening for sufficient effort did not meaningfully change item level functioning. The application IRT to direct item-to-symptom measures allows for a unique psychometric assessment of how the current DSM-5 symptoms represent latent traits of IA and H/I. Meeting a symptom threshold of five or more symptoms may be misleading. Closer attention given to specific symptoms in the context of the clinical interview and reported difficulties across domains may lead to more informed diagnosis.
Rapid diversification rates in Amazonian Chrysobalanaceae inferred from plastid genome phylogenetics
Authors: Chave Jerome , Sothers Cynthia , Iribar Amaia , Suescun Uxue , Chase Mark W , Prance Ghillean T
Published: June 2020

We studied the evolutionary history of Chrysobalanaceae with phylogenetic analyses of complete plastid genomes from 156 species to assess the tempo of diversification in the Neotropics and help to unravel the causes of Amazonian plant diversification. These plastid genomes had a mean length of 162 204 base pairs, and the nearly complete DNA sequence matrix, with reliable fossils, was used to estimate a phylogenetic tree. Chrysobalanaceae diversified from 38.9 Mya (95% highest posterior density, 95% HPD: 34.2–43.9 Mya). A single clade containing almost all Neotropical species arose after a single dispersal event from the Palaeotropics into the Amazonian biome c. 29.1 Mya (95% HPD: 25.5–32.6 Mya), with subsequent dispersals into other Neotropical biomes. All Neotropical genera diversified from 10 to 14 Mya, lending clear support to the role of Andean orogeny as a major cause of diversification in Chrysobalanaceae. In particular, the understory genus Hirtella diversified extremely rapidly, producing > 100 species in the last 6 Myr (95% HPD: 4.9–7.4 Myr). Our study suggests that a large fraction of the Amazonian tree flora has been assembled in situ in the last 15 Myr.
Vocomotor and Social Brain Networks Work Together to Express Social Traits in Voices
Authors: Guldner Stella , Nees Frauke , McGettigan Carolyn
Published: June 2020

Voice modulation is important when navigating social interactions—tone of voice in a business negotiation is very different from that used to comfort an upset child. While voluntary vocal behavior relies on a cortical vocomotor network, social voice modulation may require additional social cognitive processing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neural basis for social vocal control and whether it involves an interplay of vocal control and social processing networks. Twenty-four healthy adult participants modulated their voice to express social traits along the dimensions of the social trait space (affiliation and competence) or to express body size (control for vocal flexibility). Naïve listener ratings showed that vocal modulations were effective in evoking social trait ratings along the two primary dimensions of the social trait space. Whereas basic vocal modulation engaged the vocomotor network, social voice modulation specifically engaged social processing regions including the medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, and precuneus. Moreover, these regions showed task-relevant modulations in functional connectivity to the left inferior frontal gyrus, a core vocomotor control network area. These findings highlight the impact of the integration of vocal motor control and social information processing for socially meaningful voice modulation.
1325Zero-fluoroscopy cryoablation for treatment of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia in adult and pediatric patients
Authors: Prolic Kalinsek T , Zizek D , Stublar J , Kuhelj D , Jan M
Published: June 2020

Funding Acknowledgements

None

Introduction

Cryoablation is considered a safe but somewhat less effective alternative to radiofrequency ablation (RF) for treatment of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT). Additionally, it is traditionally performed with the aid of X-ray fluoroscopy as the principal imaging method causing radiation exposure, which is especially undesired in the pediatric population.

Purpose

The aim of our study was to assess feasibility, safety and success rate of nonfluoroscopic cryoablation for treatment of AVNRT.

Methods

Forty-eight consecutive patients with a diagnosed AVNRT (aged 40 ± 22 years, 29 (60%) female, 19 (40%) male) were included in the study. Among the study population, 14 (29%) were pediatric patients aged 11.5 ± 4.1 years. Cryoablation was used at the discretion of the operator. Only three dimensional electroanatomic mapping system and intracardiac electrograms were used to guide catheter movement and positioning. X-ray fluoroscopy was not used. The initial approach in all procedures was cryomapping in the region of the slow pathway during ongoing AVNRT, with a switch to cryoablation when termination of tachycardia within 20 seconds of reaching -30°C was achieved. When cryomapping was not possible due to catheter instability, cryoablation was used during ongoing AVNRT for up to 10 seconds at -70°C or lower. When AVNRT was not readily inducible, termination of slow pathway conduction was targeted with cryomapping during programmed stimulation with atrial extrastimuli. Procedural endpoint was noninducibility of AVNRT. Recorded residual slow pathway conduction was not considered a failure.

Results

Mean procedural duration was 79 ± 34 minutes. On average, 4 ± 2 cryoablations, with a 240 seconds of cryoablation time per each application. Cryoablation was used as a first choice in 45 (45/48, 93.7%) patients. In the remaining 3 patients (3/48, 6.3%) RF ablation failed as the first choice due to transient AV conduction disturbance and cryoablation had to be used to reach the endpoint. Cryoablation was unsuccessful only in 3 cases (6.6%) where RF ablation was needed to achieve procedural endpoint. Targeting termination of AVNRT during cryomapping or cryoablation was possible in 25 patients (25/48, 52%). In 14 patients AVNRT was not inducible and termination of the slow pathway conduction was targeted instead. In 9 patients inadvertent catheter tip contact mechanically terminated AVNRT or slow pathway conduction; site of mechanical termination was then targeted with cryoablation. After mean follow-up of 349 ± 201 days 47 patients were free of recurrence (47/48, 98%). There were no procedural complications.

Conclusions

In our study population with adult and pediatric patients, zero-fluoroscopy cryoablation of AVNRT proved feasible, safe and resulted in high success rates. Cryomapping or cryoablation for AVNRT termination was possible in approximately half of the procedures.
P1381Improved outcome in ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease under general anaesthetic
Authors: Fazmin I T , Zhang R Y , Porto A , Divulwewa K , Di Nubila B , Mausa M F , Reddy A , Agarwal S , Begley D , Fynn S , Heck P , Virdee M , Mellor G , Grace A , Martin C A
Published: June 2020

Background

Catheter ablation is an important adjunct to device implantation for secondary prevention of ventricular tachycardia (VT). However, several factors may influence the success of ablations in terms of long-term freedom from VT recurrence. A thus far little examined factor is the use of general anaesthetic (GA) versus conscious sedation during the procedure, which has been shown to improve outcomes in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.

Methods

Patients with structural heart disease VT undergoing ablations from January 2015 to March 2019 were retrospectively followed up at a single centre. End points were recurrent VT or device therapy (shock or anti-tachycardia pacing) at one year. Hazard ratios (HR) were generated using a multivariate Cox-regression proportional hazards model including variables of age at ablation, sex, amiodarone use at time of ablation, scar age, left ventricular ejection fraction, use of GA, and diagnosis of: diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), renal impairment or AF.

Results

79 patients (74 male, mean age 68.2+/- 10.3 years) were included. A substrate-based strategy of late potential ablation was employed. 69 had ischaemic and 10 had non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Mean scar age was 13.8 +/- 9.8 years; EF was 40-50% in 27 patients, 30-40% in 26 and < 30% in 26. 37 patients had implantable cardioverter defibrillators and 30 had cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) defibrillator devices, 1 had a CRT- pacemaker device and 4 had dual chamber pacemakers. Comorbidities were: DM (16), HTN (31), renal impairment (13), AF (31). 62 patients (79.5%) were on amiodarone at the time of ablation. Mean procedure duration was 234.8 +/- 44.5 min and mean radiofrequency energy application time was 2247 +/- 862 s. 61 were first procedures and 18 were repeat procedures. One patient suffered a complication of groin haematoma. 62 patients (78.5%) underwent VT ablation under GA and 17 (21.5%) under sedation of midazolam and fentanyl. Patient characteristics did not differ between groups. Significant factors which increased freedom from VT recurrence or device therapy were HTN (88.9% vs 59.4%, HR 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.007-0.75, p= 0.028), amiodarone treatment (50.0% vs 76.3%, HR 0.036, 95% CI: 0.003-0.404, p = 0.036) and ablation under GA rather than sedation (50.0% vs 75.0%, HR 0.055, 95% CI: 0.006-0.495, p = 0.01) (Fig 1).

Conclusions

In patients with structural heart disease undergoing VT ablation, outcomes are improved with the use of GA over conscious sedation.

Abstract Figure 1
P1006Cryo-balloon ablation in elderly; Outcome and prediction of recurrence
Authors: Berkowitsch A , Weipert K , Hutter J , Zaltsberg S , Kahle P , Hain A , Neumann T , Kuniss M
Published: June 2020

Background

It is well known that prevalence of atrial fibrillation correlates with age, however the data on ablation of atrial fibrillation in elderly patients is poor. Aim of this study was analysis of outcome and prediction of recurrence after cryo-balloon ablation (CBA) in elderly patients based on available data in our registry.

Methods

The history of AF was assessed at admission. Additionally, all patients received echocardiographic examination and blood test. After a single trans-septal access and PV angiography PVI was performed using a 28-mm CBA. Mapping of PV signals before, during, and after each cryo application was performed with a 3F lasso catheter. The procedural endpoint after PVI was defined as complete elimination of all fragmented signals at the PV antrum with verification of entrance and exit block. Primary endpoint was first documented recurrence of AF, atrial tachycardia or atrial flutter (>30 sec.). All patients received a follow-up every 3 month within 1st year, once yearly thereafter and in case of symptoms. Seven days Holter ECG was recorded by every follow up.

Results

A total of 44 (39%) of enrolled patients were male, 48 (43%) suffered non- paroxysmal AF(nPAF), 93 (82%) had hypertension, CAD was diagnosed by 27 (24%), 28 (25%) had DM (Hb1AC > 6), Stroke/TIA was observed in 11 (10%). Median Age in elderly was 76 (75-78) y, BMI 25.77 (23.51-28.69), time since 1st diagnosis 40 (6-50) month, LA area index 11.36 (9.77-13.20), TAPSE 23 (19-26), GFR 74 (66-83) mL/min, LVEF 60 (57-62). A total of 44 patients (39%) reached endpoint within follow up of 20 (12-38) months. Univariate association with outcome was found by follows parameter: Time from 1st diagnosis > 3 y (HR = 3.22 (1.66-6.27), p=.001); LA area index (HR = 1.17 (1.03-1.32), p=.013); DM (HR = 1.89 (1.02-3.55), p=.042); nPAF (HR = 1.90 (1.04-3.47), p=.036). After multivariate analysis only time from 1st diagnosis > 3 y, (HR= 3.17 (1.62-6.16), p=.001 and nPAF (HR = 1.84 (1.01-3.36)), p=.048 were revealed to be predictive. The area under probability score calculated for these predictors was .731 (.638-8.25), p=.001. Follows complications were observed: 2 (2%) - pericard tamponades, 4 (4%) phrenicus nerve injury. Conclusion. PVI with cryo-balloon is effective for elderly patients providing freedom of arrhythmic events in 61% of patients. Longer history of AF over 3 years since 1st diagnosis was main predictor for post ablation recurrence. In elderly patients with shorter history of AF efficiency and safety of CBA is comparable with general population.
45Improving the optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy: Does multipoint left ventricular pacing shorten the paced-QRS duration compared to the fusion-optimized intervals method?
Authors: San Antonio R , Pujol-Lopez M , Jimenez-Arjona R , Doltra A , Alarcon F , Trotta O , Quinto L , Garre P , Sanchez M , Arbelo E , Roca-Luque I , Guasch E , Brugada J , Mont L , Tolosana J M
Published: June 2020

Funding Acknowledgements

Cardiac Pacing Scholarship from the Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC)

Background

Electrocardiogram-based optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using the fusion-optimized intervals (FOI) method has demonstrated to improve both acute hemodynamic response and left ventricle (LV) reverse remodeling compared to nominal programming of CRT. FOI optimizes the atrioventricular (AV) and ventriculo-ventricular (VV) intervals to achieve the shortest paced-QRS duration. The recent development of multipoint pacing (MPP) enables the activation of the LV from 2 locations, also shortening the QRS duration compared to conventional biventricular pacing.

Purpose

To determine if MPP reduces the paced-QRS duration compared to FOI optimization. 

Methods

This prospective clinical study included 25 consecutive patients who successfully received a CRT with MPP pacing capability. All patients were in sinus rhythm and had an PR interval below 250 ms. The QRS duration was measured with a 12-lead digital electrocardiography (screen speed of 200 mm/s) at baseline and using 3 different configurations: MPP, FOI and a combined FOI-MPP strategy. In MPP, the intervals were (based on previous studies): 1) AV 130 ms, 2) Right ventricular (RV)-LV2 (Δ1) 5 ms, and 3) LV1-LV2 (Δ2) 5 ms. In FOI, AV and VV intervals were optimized to achieve fusion between intrinsic conduction and biventricular pacing. In FOI-MPP, the Δ2 was set at 5 ms, while AV and Δ1 intervals were optimized using the FOI method. The CRT device was programmed with the configuration that achieved a greater paced-QRS shortening. After 45 days, battery life was estimated.

Results

  Mean age was 65 ± 10 years, 20 were men (80%) and baseline QRS duration was 177 ± 17 ms. The FOI method bested nominal MPP (QRS shortened by 58 ± 16 ms vs 43 ± 16 ms, respectively, p = 0.002). Adding MPP to the narrowest QRS by FOI did not result in further shortening (FOI: 58 ± 16 ms vs FOI-MPP: 59 ± 13 ms, p = 0.81). The final configuration was FOI method alone in most cases (n = 16, 64%) and FOI-MPP in all others (n = 9, 36%; figure). In total, 10 out of 25 patients (40%) were not candidates to MPP due to: 1) pacing thresholds exceeding 3.5 V/0.4 ms at the distal or proximal electrode (8, 32%), and 2) phrenic stimulation (2, 8%). Estimated battery longevity was longer in patients receiving FOI as compared to MPP (8.3 ± 2.1 years vs. 6.2 ± 2.2 years, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

In CRT, the FOI method is not improved by coupling with MPP.  Up to 40% of patients are not candidates for MPP due to high thresholds or phrenic stimulation. The use of MPP in unselected patients would result in a decrease of battery longevity, without any additional benefit over FOI.

Abstract Figure.