bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular origin of AuNPs-induced cytotoxicity and mechanistic study
Authors: Lee Euiyeon , Jeon Hyunjin , Lee Minhyeong , Ryu Jeahee , Kang Chungwon , Kim Soyoun , Jung Junghyun , Kwon Youngeun
Published: February 2019

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with diverse physicochemical properties are reported to affect biological systems differently, but the relationship between the physicochemical properties of AuNPs and their biological effects is not clearly understood. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular origins of AuNP-induced cytotoxicity and their mechanisms, focusing on the surface charge and structural properties of modified AuNPs. We prepared a library of well-tailored AuNPs exhibiting various functional groups and surface charges. Through this work, we revealed that the direction or the magnitude of surface charge is not an exclusive factor that determines the cytotoxicity of AuNPs. We, instead, suggested that toxic AuNPs share a common structural characteristics of a hydrophobic moiety neighbouring the positive charge, which can induce lytic interaction with plasma membrane. Mechanistic study showed that the toxic AuNPs interfered with the formation of cytoskeletal structure to slow cell migration, inhibited DNA replication and caused DNA damage via oxidative stress to hinder cell proliferation. Gene expression analysis showed that the toxic AuNPs down-regulated genes associated with cell cycle processes. We discovered structural characteristics that define the cytotoxic AuNPs and suggested the mechanisms of their cytotoxicity. These findings will help us to understand and to predict the biological effects of modified AuNPs based on their physicochemical properties.
Ecological analysis of Kashin-Beck osteoarthropathy risk factors in Tibet’s Qamdo City, China
Authors: Zha Xinjie , Gao Xing
Published: February 2019

We studied Tibet’s Qamdo City, which currently hosts the most serious prevalence of Kashin-Beck osteoarthropathy (KB) in China. This study utilizes the geographical detector (GeoDetector) algorithm to measure the individual and interactive influences of risk factors on KB and to quantify the highest potential risk subzones of each principal factor. With a comprehensive consideration of 13 possible related factors, namely, the tectonic division, stratum, moisture index, gross domestic product, mean annual precipitation, soil type, groundwater type, elevation, mean annual temperature, vegetation type, geomorphic type, slope degree and slope aspect, our results indicate that the main exposure factors for KB in Qamdo City are geological factors (tectonic division and stratum), wetting factors (moisture index and mean annual precipitation), and an economic factor (gross domestic product). In contrast, other factors have little effect on the prevalence of KB in Qamdo City. All 13 factors either nonlinearly or bivariately enhance each other, and the interactions between these factors can increase the prevalence of KB. Consequently, it can be inferred that KB in Qamdo City is caused primarily by a set of multiple and interrelated disease risk factors.
First oxidation products from the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with isoprene for pristine environmental conditions
Authors: Berndt Torsten , Hyttinen Noora , Herrmann Hartmut , Hansel Armin
Published: February 2019

Isoprene, C5H8, inserts about half of the non-methane carbon flux of biogenic origin into the atmosphere. Its degradation is primarily initiated by the reaction with hydroxyl radicals. Here we show experimentally the formation of reactive intermediates and corresponding closed-shell products from the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with isoprene for low nitric oxide and low hydroperoxy radical conditions. Detailed product analysis is achieved by mass spectrometric techniques. Quantum chemical calculations support the usefulness of applied ionization schemes. Observed peroxy radicals are the isomeric HO-C5H8O2 radicals and their isomerization products HO-C5H8(O2)O2, bearing most likely an additional hydroperoxy group, and in traces HO-C5H8(O2)2O2 with two hydroperoxy groups. Main closed-shell products from unimolecular peroxy radical reactions are hydroperoxy aldehydes, C5H8O3, and smaller yield products with the composition C5H8O4 and C4H8O5. Detected signals of C10H18O4, C10H18O6, and C5H10O2 stand for products arising from peroxy radical self- and cross-reactions.
Improving the catalytic efficiency and stereoselectivity of a nitrilase from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 by semi-rational engineering en route to chiral γ-amino acids
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Yao Peiyuan , Li Jinlong , Feng Jinhui , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming
Published: February 2019

Simultaneously improving activity and stereoselectivity of a nitrilase to catalyze the desymmetrization of 3-substituted glutaronitriles is presented.
Ultrasound-controlled DOX-SiO2nanocomposites enhance the antitumour efficacy and attenuate the toxicity of doxorubicin
Authors: Wang Yin , Bi Ke , Shu Jixin , Liu Xijian , Xu Jianfang , Deng Guoying
Published: February 2019

The toxicity of doxorubicin (DOX), especially in terms of cardiotoxicity, has been a common problem in its clinical use.
A nanogel based oral gene delivery system targeting SUMOylation machinery to combat gut inflammation
Authors: Yavvari Prabhu Srinivas , Verma Priyanka , Mustfa Salman Ahmad , Pal Sanjay , Kumar Sandeep , Awasthi Anand Kumar , Ahuja Vineet , Srikanth C. V. , Srivastava Aasheesh , Bajaj Avinash
Published: February 2019

Oral delivery of nanogels reduces gut inflammation.
Expanding the “minimalist” small molecule tagging approach to different bioactive compounds
Authors: Lang Wenjie , Yuan Chaonan , Zhu Biwei , Pan Sijun , Liu Jian , Luo Jie , Nie Shikun , Zhu Qing , Lee Jun-Seok , Ge Jingyan
Published: February 2019

“Minimalist” small molecule tagging (MSMT) is a promising approach that easily converts bioactive compounds into affinity-based probes (AfBPs) for proteomic studies.
Phonon spectrum attributes for the negative thermal expansion of MZrF6 (M = Ca, Mn–Ni, Zn)
Authors: Wang Na , Deng Jinxia , Chen Jun , Xing Xianran
Published: February 2019

The relative lattice constant of MZrF6 (M = Ca, Mn–Ni, Zn) as a function of temperature in the FM (solid line) and AFM (dashed line) states. For comparison, the experimental results are reproduced as the inset in (b) from Hu et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138, 14530].
Additive-free regio- and diastereoselective construction of fully-substituted isoxazolidines employing diazo compounds
Authors: Gupta Ekta , Zaheer Mohd Khalid , Kant Ruchir , Mohanan Kishor
Published: February 2019

An efficient additive-free three-component access to densely functionalized isoxazolidines using diazo compounds, nitrosoarene, and allenic esters has been uncovered.
Effects of dispersed copper nanoparticles on Ni-ceria based dry methanol fuelled low temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Jeon Ok Sung , Lee Jin Goo , Ji Yunseong , Lee Sung-hun , Kwon Ohchan , Kim Jeong Pil , Shul Yong Gun
Published: February 2019

Copper impregnation was selected to decrease the carbon deposition and enhance the performance at low temperature of dry methanol fuelled low temperature solid oxide fuel cells.
Efficient metal-free strategies for polymerization of a sterically hindered ionic monomer through the application of hard confinement and high pressure
Authors: Maksym Paulina , Tarnacka Magdalena , Dzienia Andrzej , Wolnica Kamila , Dulski Mateusz , Erfurt Karol , Chrobok Anna , Zięba Andrzej , Brzózka Agnieszka , Sulka Grzegorz , Bielas Rafał , Kaminski Kamil , Paluch Marian
Published: February 2019

The effect of hard confinement and high pressure on the progress of free-radical and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerizations of sterically hindered 1-octyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([OVIM][NTf2]) has been investigated.
Structural basis for the formation of soy protein nanofibrils
Authors: Josefsson Leila , Cronhamn Melker , Ekman Malin , Widehammar Hugo , Emmer Åsa , Lendel Christofer
Published: February 2019

Identification of the peptide building blocks of soy protein nanofibrils provides new clues about the determinants of protein nanofibril morphology.
Ultrasensitive magnetic resonance imaging of systemic reactive oxygen species in vivo for early diagnosis of sepsis using activatable nanoprobes
Authors: Wang Huan , Yu Dongqin , Li Bo , Liu Zhen , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: February 2019

Novel ROS-activated contrast agents are designed for magnetic resonance imaging of ROS for early diagnosis of sepsis.
Tuning the formal potential of ferrocyanide over a 2.1 V range
Authors: McNicholas Brendon J. , Grubbs Robert H. , Winkler Jay R. , Gray Harry B. , Despagnet-Ayoub Emmanuelle
Published: February 2019

Coordination of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane to hexacyanoferrate shifts the formal potential by over 2.1 V while maintaining electrochemical reversibility.
A thermal energy storage prototype using sodium magnesium hydride
Authors: Poupin Lucas , Humphries Terry D. , Paskevicius Mark , Buckley Craig E.
Published: February 2019

A high temperature thermal energy storage system has been developed for concentrating solar thermal applications.
N-Methyl-N-propyl pyrrolidine bromide (MPPBr) as a bi-functional redox mediator for rechargeable Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Ding Wenwen , Wang Cheng
Published: February 2019

An ionic liquid, N-methyl-N-propyl pyrrolidine bromide (MPPBr), was introduced into the electrolyte of Li–O2 batteries as a bi-functional redox mediator (RM). It could effectively reduce the over-potential and facilitated the formation of a more stable SEI layer on the surface of Li foil.
Stabilization of layered manganese oxide by substitutional cation doping
Authors: Hu Zhimi , Chen Ming , Zhang Hao , Huang Liang , Liu Kaisi , Ling Yansong , Zhou He , Jiang Zheng , Feng Guang , Zhou Jun
Published: February 2019

A substitutional doping route can efficiently enhance the stability of layered MnO2, resulting in excellent cycling performance.
Integration of mesenchymal stem cell sheet and bFGF-loaded fibrin gel in knitted PLGA scaffolds favorable for tendon repair
Authors: Zhao Tengfei , Qi Yiying , Xiao Shining , Ran Jisheng , Wang Jingkai , Ghamor-Amegavi Edem Prince , Zhou Xiaopeng , Li Heyangzi , He Teng , Gou Zhongru , Chen Qixin , Xu Kan
Published: February 2019

The integration of mesenchymal stem cell sheet and bFGF-loaded fibrin gel in knitted PLGA scaffolds synergistically promoted rat At regeneration
Highly efficient and dual broad emitting light convertor: an option for next-generation plant growth LEDs
Authors: Li Mingcai , Zhang Xuejie , Zhang Haoran , Chen Weibin , Ma Li , Wang Xiaojun , Liu Yingliang , Lei Bingfu
Published: February 2019

At present, blue-red composite LED light sources used for plant lighting are mainly composed of blue light and red light; the blue light is provided by gallium nitride LED chips, but the full-width at half-maximum (FWHW) is only approximately 25 nm, while the blue light required by plants for photosynthesis is wider.
Advances in electro-copolymerization of NIR emitting and electronically conducting block copolymers
Authors: Rajapakse R. M. Gamini , Attanayake Nuwan H. , Karunathilaka Dilan , Steen April E. , Hammer Nathan I. , Strongin Daniel R. , Watkins Davita L.
Published: February 2019

Block copolymers comprising benzothiadiazole were successfully electro-copolymerized leading to (BTD-T2)n(BTD-F2)m, where n and m were varied in a perfectly controllable, well-defined manner.
One dimensional lead-free (K,Na)NbO3 nanostructures for a flexible self-powered sensor
Authors: Cheng Li-Qian , Wang Ke , Li Jing-Feng
Published: February 2019

A one dimensional (K,Na)NbO3 nanostructure based sensor was assembled, the output voltage of which was affected by human activity.
Strapping a benzaldehyde-appended 2,2′-bis-dipyrrin Zn(ii) double-stranded helicate using imine bond formation
Authors: Zhang Fan , Fluck Audrey , Baudron Stéphane A. , Hosseini Mir Wais
Published: February 2019

Strapping of a novel linear binuclear Zn(ii)/2,2′-bis-dipyrrin helicate bearing peripheral p-benzaldehyde units has been achieved by formation of imine bonds upon reaction with m-xylylenediamine.
Preparation of Au@Ag core–shell nanoparticle decorated silicon nanowires for bacterial capture and sensing combined with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Liao Wenlong , Lin Qingyu , Xu Ya , Yang Enlai , Duan Yixiang
Published: February 2019

A novel three-dimensional biointerface based on Au@Ag core–shell nanoparticles decorated SiNWs was prepared for bacterial capture, sensing and inactivation.
One-pot synthesis of a CdS-reduced graphene oxide–carbon nitride composite for self-powered photoelectrochemical aptasensing of PCB72
Authors: Sun Mengjun , Li Ruizhen , Zhang Jingdong , Yan Kai , Liu Min
Published: February 2019

We synthesized a CdS–rGO–C3N4 nanocomposite with enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance to construct a self-powered PEC aptasensor for sensitive and selective detection of PCB72.
Oxidation-responsive polyether block copolymers lead to non-ionic polymer surfactants with multiple amine N-oxides
Authors: Blankenburg Jan , Stark Martin , Frey Holger
Published: February 2019

Oxidation of tertiary amines leads to multiple amine N-oxide moieties and a highly polar polyether structure. Combination with the apolar poly(propylene oxide) affords unusual surfactants.
Solubilizing core modifications on high-performing benzodithiophene-based molecular semiconductors and their influences on film nanostructure and photovoltaic performance
Authors: Lee Calvin J. , Mitchell Valerie D. , White Jonathan , Jiao Xuechen , McNeill Christopher R. , Subbiah Jegadesan , Jones David J.
Published: February 2019

Through depth-dependent GIWAXS studies, the solubility of molecular organic semiconductors was found to correlate with π-stacking orientation and photovoltaic performance.
Influence of A-site cations on the open-circuit voltage of efficient perovskite solar cells: a case of rubidium and guanidinium additives
Authors: Prochowicz Daniel , Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Kalam Abul , Chavan Rohit D. , Trivedi Suverna , Kumar Manoj , Yadav Pankaj
Published: February 2019

The effect of rubidium and guanidinium additives on the morphological, optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of the state-of-the-art triple A-cation based PSCs is investigated.
Highly stretchable and autonomously healable epidermal sensor based on multi-functional hydrogel frameworks
Authors: Ge Gang , Yuan Wei , Zhao Wen , Lu Yao , Zhang Yizhou , Wang Wenjun , Chen Peng , Huang Wei , Si Weili , Dong Xiaochen
Published: February 2019

A flexible sensor was prepared based on multi-functional hydrogel, which behaved remarkable stretchability, high self-healing efficiency and low temperature tolerance. Various human motions can also be discerned.
In situ sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets with enhanced electrogenerated chemiluminescence used for sensitive and selective sensing of l-cysteine
Authors: Zhu Ruifeng , Zhang Yuhua , Fang Xian , Cui Xiaoqing , Wang Jing , Yue Chaochao , Fang Wenhui , Zhao Hong , Li Zengxi
Published: February 2019

In this study, in situ sulfur-doped carbon nitride nanosheets (S-g-C3N4 NSs) are used for the sensitive and selective sensing of l-cysteine (l-Cys) based on the competitive coordination chemistry of Cu2+ between l-Cys and S-g-C3N4 NSs.
Synergistic enhancement of thermoelectric and mechanical performances of ionic liquid LiTFSI modulated PEDOT flexible films
Authors: Li Qikai , Deng Manjiao , Zhang Shuangmeng , Zhao Duokai , Jiang Qinglin , Guo Chuanfei , Zhou Qing , Liu Weishu
Published: February 2019

Ionic liquids modulated PEDOT films with synergistically enhanced thermoelectric and mechanical performances have promising applications in vigorous wearable electronics and IoT sensors.
New local difference binary image descriptor and algorithm for rapid and precise vehicle visual localisation
Authors: Bibars Ahmed , Mahroos Mohsen
Published: February 2019

Autonomous vehicle self‐localisation by scene matching under extreme environmental changes has been among the most challenging problems in robotics and computer vision in the last few years. Large dynamic illumination changes during the day and appearance changes between different seasons are the major difficulties about this problem, especially when the comparison is made between day‐time and night‐time images for the same scene. This study presents a new extended local difference binary (ELDB) image descriptor that represents a robust appearance invariant extension for the state‐of‐the‐art local difference binary (LDB) image descriptor. This study also introduces a new algorithm for vehicle visual localisation under extreme environmental changes. The new algorithm uses ELDB for image matching, and uses a modified multi‐hypothesis version of the Markov localisation (MHML) filter for self‐localisation. Experimental results show that the proposed modified MHML has reduced computational cost and has resulted in a faster cycle rate. Furthermore, these results show that ELDB has an improved image matching accuracy and requires less processing time compared to the original LDB. The proposed vision‐based vehicle localisation algorithm is shown to be faster and more accurate than other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
Capacity certificate, a step forward in the Iranian power market
Authors: Heidarizadeh Mohammad , Ahmadian Mohammad
Published: February 2019

Based on theoretical studies and practical experiences in power systems, electricity market by itself cannot create an effective condition for optimal investment in generation capacity (GC) expansion. On the other hand, the political, social, and economic consequences of shortage of power generation are inevitable under any condition. Thus, several incentives have been introduced to support investment in GC. Currently, the capacity payment mechanism is used for this purpose in the Iranian power market. In addition, the mechanism, along with its benefits, is suffering from some inadequacies and inefficiencies. The present study aimed to introduce Iranian power market and the specifications of the capacity mechanism used in this market. Accordingly, a new incentive called ‘Capacity Certificate’ which has been adopted for Iranian power market is modelled and analysed, along with explaining its characteristics. Regarding the advantage of system dynamics, the effect of this mechanism on the long‐term performance of the power market was evaluated from the perspective of the GC expansion and was compared with the capacity payment mechanism. The results revealed that using the capacity certificate mechanism in Iranian power market can be considered as a step forward toward a better system reserve and lower cost.
Minimisation of voltage fluctuation resulted from renewable energy sources uncertainty in distribution systems
Authors: Abou El‐Ela Adel A. , El‐Sehiemy Ragab A. , Salah Ali Eman , Kinawy Abdel‐Mohsen
Published: February 2019

The penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in distribution systems faces many issues due to their output uncertainty resulted from climate conditions. The uncertainty impacts on the voltage fluctuations are reduced by using a proposed bi‐stage method. At first, the system voltage is controlled by determining the optimal setting of voltage‐regulating devices such as voltage regulators, transformer tap changers and static VAR compensator. Then, the dispatchable distributed generation (DDGs) units are accompanied by the voltage regulating devices to achieve more reduction in the voltage fluctuations. In this line, unbalanced backward–forward sweep load flow method is formulated to analyse the unbalanced operation of three‐phase distribution systems. The main objectives of the proposed method are to reduce voltage fluctuations to maintain voltage profile within its permissible limits. In addition, the cat swarm optimiser (CSO) is implemented to obtain the optimal planning of voltage regulating devices and DDGs to achieve the lowest uncertainty influence on the voltage fluctuations. The proposed method is applied to a real unbalanced IEEE 34‐bus distribution test system. The highest capability of CSO algorithm, i.e. CSO provides the highest reduction on the voltage fluctuations, is proven compared with particle swarm optimisation, harmony search and water cycle algorithms.
Analysis and mitigation of low‐frequency oscillations in hybrid AC/DC microgrids with dynamic loads
Authors: Ahmed Moudud , Meegahapola Lasantha , Vahidnia Arash , Datta Manoj
Published: February 2019

The microgrid concept has gained enormous popularity in the power industry due to recent advances in the power electronic converter (PEC) technology and environmental concerns over green‐house gas emissions from power generation. Among microgrids, the hybrid AC/DC microgrid concept has been promoted as a viable concept to reduce energy conversion losses. However, hybrid AC/DC microgrids are susceptible to stability issues during high penetration of dynamic loads (e.g. induction machines). The non‐linear dynamics of induction machines result in sustained voltage/frequency oscillations following disturbances in the microgrid, which is a major challenge for stable operation of the hybrid AC/DC microgrid. The PEC‐based energy storage systems (ESSs) are used as an effective solution for power balancing in the microgrid; hence with the fast response of the PEC, microgrid voltage/frequency could be stabilised rapidly. Thus, a supplementary power oscillation damping (POD) controller is proposed in this paper for the ESS to damp low‐frequency oscillations (LFOs) in the hybrid AC/DC microgrid. The effectiveness of the proposed damping controller is verified using non‐linear simulations considering different penetration levels of dynamic loads and disturbances in a hybrid AC/DC microgrid. Results indicate that the proposed supplementary POD controller can significantly damp the LFOs in the hybrid AC/DC microgrid.
Practical supplementary controller design for the bi‐layer WAC architecture through structurally constrained H2 norm optimisation
Authors: Naguru Nagasekhara Reddy , Sarkar Vaskar
Published: February 2019

The objective of this paper is to suggest a suitable design procedure that may be useful for the practical realisation of the bi‐layer wide area control (WAC) architecture. The bi‐layer WAC architecture indicates the deployment a communication‐free supplementary WAC loop in parallel to the conventional WAC loop. The bi‐layer WAC system was found to have the potential to counterbalance the communication‐related problems that arise in the conventional WAC loop. However, until now, no specific work has been reported in literature for the practical design of the supplementary wide area damping controller (WADC). It is essential to design the supplementary WADC in a way so that it can be practically implemented without the support of any communication network. The particular problem is resolved here by defining a suitable structure of the feedback gain matrix in the supplementary WAC loop. A novel structurally constrained norm optimisation technique is developed to design the particular feedback gain matrix with the proper structure. Here, the structurally constrained norm optimisation is performed for an output feedback loop instead of a state feedback loop. The usefulness of the supplementary WADC design produced is thoroughly verified through real‐time (RT) experimentations.
Improving voltage of remote connection using wind‐solar farms equipped with new voltage control strategy based on virtual impedance monitoring enabled by IEC 61850 communication
Authors: Aghanoori Navid , Masoum Mohammad A.S. , Islam Syed , Abu‐Siada Ahmed , Nethery Steven
Published: February 2019

This study explores how the voltage control of a remote part of the utility gird can be improved using more sophisticated voltage control on wind‐solar farms equipped with fast communication platforms. The idea is to make renewable plant the master voltage controller during large disturbance events in the grid. This is done by proposing an enhanced voltage droop control strategy based on instantaneous reactive power consumption by monitoring the virtual impedance of the point of connection using a new customised data class model of IEC 61850 communication protocol. The conventional centralised voltage droop control strategy and the proposed instantaneous direct voltage control method are both implemented on the White Rock Solar Wind Farm in NSW, Australia and their performances are compared using both MATLAB Simulink simulations under 5% voltage step disturbances, single‐phase‐to‐ground and three‐phase‐to‐ground faults as well as some tests conducted in the field.
Hybrid control of DFIGs for short‐term and long‐term frequency regulation support in power systems
Authors: Liao Kai , Xu Yan , Wang Yao , Lin Pengfeng
Published: February 2019

This paper proposes a new hybrid frequency control strategy for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind turbines (WTs) to simultaneously provide short‐term and long‐term frequency regulation support to the connected power system. The kinetic energy stored in the rotating mass and the mechanical power reserve of the WT are coordinately configured to participate in frequency recovery at both primary and secondary stages. A frequency response model (FRM) is also derived to analyse the mutual interactions between WTs and the power system. Based on the FRM, the impacts of relevant parameter variations on the overall system stability can be investigated through Nyquist criterion and modal analyses and the stable operation range of proposed strategy could be easily identified. Theoretical and numerical results have both verified the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and its advantages over existing methods.
Application of modal‐phase domain relations to estimate transmission line parameters
Authors: Pineda Julia T.R. , Kurokawa Sérgio
Published: February 2019

The accuracy of transmission line parameters (TLPs) allows the proper response to faults or load variations and the monitoring of common fault indicators, such as the conductor's temperature and sag. TLP estimation methodologies based on modal decomposition theory are restricted to specific tower configurations in which the transmission line transformation matrix is known. This paper proposes a non‐linear system of equations to estimate the parameters of a generic three‐phase transmission line while using modal‐phase relations for an unknown transformation matrix and known voltages and current phasors at the terminals of the line. The Newton–Raphson (NR) method is implemented to solve this proposed system of equations and accurately estimate the TLPs. The relative error of the estimated parameters shows the methods’ accuracy and the influence of the line representation as lumped elements. The results demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method for transmission lines of different lengths.
Unveiling a cluster of protostellar disks around the massive protostar GGD 27 MM1
Authors: Busquet G. , Girart J. M. , Estalella R. , Fernández-López M. , Galván-Madrid R. , Anglada G. , Carrasco-González C. , Añez-López N. , Curiel S. , Osorio M. , Rodríguez L. F. , Torrelles J. M.
Published: February 2019

Context. Most stars form in clusters and thus it is important to characterize the protostellar disk population in dense environments to assess whether the environment plays a role in the subsequent evolution. Specifically, it is critical to evaluate whether planet formation is altered with respect to more isolated stars formed in dark clouds.

Aims. We seek to investigate the properties of the protostellar disks in the GGD 27 cluster and compare these with those obtained from disks formed in nearby regions.

Methods. We used ALMA to observe the star-forming region GGD 27 at 1.14 mm with an unprecedented angular resolution, 40 mas (∼56 au), and sensitivity (∼0.002 M⊙).

Results. We detected a cluster of 25 continuum sources, most of which likely trace disks around Class 0/I protostars. Excluding the two most massive objects, disks masses are in the range 0.003–0.05 M⊙. The analysis of the cluster properties indicates that GGD 27 displays moderate subclustering. This result, combined with the dynamical timescale of the radio jet (∼104 years), suggests the youthfulness of the cluster. The lack of disk mass segregation signatures may support this as well. We found a clear paucity of disks with Rdisk >  100 au. The median value of the radius is 34 au; this value is smaller than the median of 92 au for Taurus but comparable to the value found in Ophiuchus and in the Orion Nebula Cluster. In GGD 27 there is no evidence of a distance-dependent disk mass distribution (i.e., disk mass depletion due to external photoevaporation), most likely due to the cluster youth.

There is a clear deficit of disks for distances <0.02 pc. Stars can only form larger and more massive disksfor distances >0.04 pc. This suggests that dynamical interactions far from the cluster center are weaker, although the small disks found could be the result of disk truncation. This work demonstrates the potential to characterize disks from low-mass young stellar objects in distant and massive (still deeply embedded) clustered environments.
Open clusters in APOGEE and GALAH
Authors: Carrera R. , Bragaglia A. , Cantat-Gaudin T. , Vallenari A. , Balaguer-Núñez L. , Bossini D. , Casamiquela L. , Jordi C. , Sordo R. , Soubiran C.
Published: February 2019

Context. Open clusters are ideal laboratories to investigate a variety of astrophysical topics, from the properties of the Galactic disc to stellar-evolution models. Knowing their metallicity and possibly detailed chemical abundances is therefore important. However, the number of systems with chemical abundances determined from high-resolution spectroscopy remains small.

Aims. Our aim is to increase the number of open clusters with radial velocities and chemical abundances determined from high-resolution spectroscopy using publicly available catalogues of surveys in combination with Gaia data.

Methods. Open cluster stars have been identified in the APOGEE and GALAH spectroscopic surveys by cross-matching their latest data releases with stars for which high-probability astrometric membership has been derived in many clusters on the basis of the Gaia second data release.

Results. Radial velocities were determined for 131 and 14 clusters from APOGEE and GALAH data, respectively. This is the first radial-velocity determination from high-resolution spectra for 16 systems. Iron abundances were obtained for 90 and 14 systems from APOGEE and GALAH samples, respectively. To our knowledge 66 of these clusters (57 in APOGEE and 9 in GALAH) do not have previous determinations in the literature. For 90 and 7 clusters in the APOGEE and GALAH samples, respectively, we also determined average abundances for Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Cr, Mn, and Ni.
Aptian carbonate platform development in the Southern Iberian Palaeomargin (Prebetic of Alicante, SE Spain)
Authors: Skelton Peter W. , Castro José Manuel , Ruiz-Ortiz Pedro Alejandro
Published: February 2019

The Aptian stratigraphic record of the Alicante region consists of: a rudist and coral-rich carbonate platform of earliest Aptian age (Llopis Formation), with a discontinuous siliciclastic member at its top; followed by late Early, to Late Aptian hemipelagic marls and marlstones (Almadich Formation); and then by renewed carbonate platform development of Late Aptian to earliest Albian age (Seguilí Formation). In the Llopis Formation, SW-dipping, massive clinoform beds of bioclastic debris are succeeded by flat-lying platform-top beds. The latter show a cyclically regressive stacking of biofacies, with rudist-dominated floatstone in their lower parts passing upwards to finer-grained, more sparsely fossiliferous bed tops with burrow mottling. Caprinid rudists, with originally almost wholly aragonitic shells, dominate the external platform-top facies, while more internal facies contain a mix of monopleurid, polyconitid and requieniid rudists, all with relatively slightly thicker development of the calcitic outer shell layer, together with caprinids. Biostratigraphic and carbon-isotope data link the termination of the Llopis platform with the onset of OAE1a. The carbonate platform of the Seguilí Formation again contains tabular platform-top beds showing repeated cyclic regression, with dense rudist and/or chondrodont floatstones overlain by sparser floatstones with wackestone matrix and secondarily filled burrows. But caprinids are now absent, while requieniids and polyconitids, some of large size, as well as radiolitids, all with thickened calcitic outer shell layers, accompany the tubular monopleurid, Mathesia, together with a greater development of Chondrodonta biofacies. The same overall pattern of biotic turnover from the Early, to the Late Aptian is confirmed in other parts of Iberia and contiguous regions. Moreover, Iberian platforms of late Early Aptian age outside the present study area reveal a transitional phase with an increasing proportion of polyconitids in the outer platform-top to upper slope facies at the expense of caprinids. The siliciclastic influx at the top of the Llopis Formation implies a climatic shift from arid, to relatively more humid/pluvial conditions through the mid-Early Aptian, as seen in several other Iberian sections. This climatic change was probably forced by the intensified greenhouse conditions at the onset of OAE1a. By contrast with these Iberian platforms, caprinids continued to dominate the outer platform-top zones of some central to southern Tethyan platforms until the close of the Early Aptian. This broad palaeolatitudinal differentiation of rudist associations within the Tethyan belt implies a climatic influence, whether exerted through thermal modulation of seawater pH and/or aragonite saturation, variation in nutrient flux, or any combination of these.
iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis of cells infected withEimeria tenellasporozoites
Authors: Zhao Zongping , Zhao Qiping , Zhu Shunhai , Huang Bing , Lv Ling , Chen Ting , Yan Ming , Han Hongyu , Dong Hui
Published: February 2019

Eimeria tenellais an obligate intracellular parasite that actively invades cecal epithelial cells of chickens. WhenE. tenellainfects a host cell, the host produces a corresponding change to deal with damage caused by this infection. To date, our knowledge on the mechanism of how the host cell responds toE. tenellainfection is highly limited at both the molecular and cellular levels. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with LC-MS/MS was used to screen the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in BHK-21 cells infected withE. tenellasporozoites for 24 h post infection. In total, 6139 non-redundant distinct proteins were identified and 195 of these were found to have a fold change ratio ≥1.3 or ≤0.7 andp < 0.05, including 151 up-regulated proteins and 44 down-regulated proteins. The reliability of the proteomic data was further validated with qPCR and western blot. Gene Ontology enrichment indicated that the up-regulated DEPs were mainly involved in binding and catalytic activity, whereas the down-regulated DEPs were catalytic activity and molecular function regulators. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis showed that the DEPs participated in the PI3K-Akt, chemokine, Ras, Wnt, and p53 signaling pathways and so on, and the up-regulated and down-regulated DEPs mainly related to the ribosome and mRNA surveillance pathway, respectively. The data in this study provide an important basis to further analyzeE. tenellahost cell interactions.
Wohlfühlfaktor Wärme
Authors: Eisenberg Jutta , Rischke Andreas
Published: February 2019

Vor, während und nach einer Operation sollten Patienten nicht frieren, sondern
stets ihre individuelle Wohlfühltemperatur haben. Lesen Sie, wie es gelingt,
Mitarbeiter und Patienten für das wichtige Thema „Vermeidung von perioperativer
Hypothermie“ zu sensibilisieren und ein entsprechendes Wärmekonzept
umzusetzen.
Serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels Mirror Bone Mineral Density in Amenorrheic and Eumenorrheic Athletes
Authors: Nose Sayaka , Yoshino Osamu , Nomoto Kaori , Harada Miyuki , Dohi Michiko , Kawahara Takashi , Osuga Yutaka , Fujii Tomoyuki , Saito Shigeru
Published: February 2019

Amenorrhea and osteoporosis are strongly associated in female athletes. Amenorrheic women show lower serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) than eumenorrheic women. BDNF is known to regulate bone tissue development and remodeling; thus, athletes with low serum BDNF levels may show low bone mass. This study investigated the associations between serum BDNF, estradiol, and bone mineral density (BMD) in female athletes. This study included 160 elite female athletes (21.7±4.3 years). Serum levels of BDNF and estradiol were in 195 blood samples obtained from 132 eumenorrheic athletes (EA) and 63 amenorrheic athletes (AA). BMD was measured in the radius, lumbar spine, pelvis, and legs using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. AA showed significantly lower serum BDNF levels than EA (p=0.017). Serum BDNF levels were positively and significantly associated with both serum estradiol levels (p=0.0004) and the BMD measured at all sites (all p<0.05). 10 AA received transdermal estrogen therapy, and serum BDNF levels were measured at baseline and 6 months after therapy. Hormone-treated AA demonstrated a significant increase in serum BDNF levels after 6 months (p=0.022). Thus, serum BDNF levels may be associated with decreased BMD and serve as an indicator of the therapeutic effect of estradiol supplementation in female athletes with osteoporosis.
Synthesis of the C1–C17 Segment of Bafilomycin N
Authors: Hosokawa Seijiro , Sato Haruka
Published: February 2019

The C1–C17 segment of bafilomycin N has been synthesized. The C1–C11 segment was synthesized by the anti-selective vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction with a chiral vinylketene silyl N,O-acetal and the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction, whereas C12–C17 was constructed by the syn-selective vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction and the Jung’s semipinacol rearrangement. Those segments were connected by the Stille coupling to afford the C1–C17 segment.
Deoxygenative Transformation of Carbonyl and Carboxyl Compounds Using gem-Diborylalkanes
Authors: Hu Yue , Sun Wei , Liu Chao
Published: February 2019

gem-Diborylalkanes serve as privileged carbanion precursors for the efficient construction of carbon–carbon bond with various carbonyl and carboxyl compounds. We highlight the recent advances on deoxygenative transformation of carbonyl and carboxyl compounds using gem-diborylalkanes reagents. Our recent development of a dual functionalization of gem-diborylalkanes through deoxygenative enolization with the carboxylic acids is also discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Activation Modes of gem-Diborylalkanes

3 Deoxygenative Transformation of Carbonyl and Carboxyl ­Compounds via α-Diboryl Carbanion

3.1 Reaction with Aldehyde and Ketone Electrophiles

3.2 Reaction with Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

4 Deoxygenative Transformation of Carbonyl and Carboxyl ­Compounds via α-Monoboryl Carbanion

5 Conclusion
Conformal extension of the Bunch-Davies state across the de Sitter boundary
Authors: Wrochna Michał
Published: February 2019

In the setting of the massive Klein-Gordon equation on de Sitter space, we discuss Vasy’s asymptotic data at conformal infinity in terms of plane waves. In particular, we derive a short-hand formula for reconstructing solutions from their asymptotic data. Furthermore, we show that the natural Hadamard state induced from future (or past) conformal infinity coincides with the Bunch-Davies state.
A method to correct hysteresis of scanning probe microscope images based on a sinusoidal model
Authors: Zhang Liansheng , Chen Xiaobo , Huang Jichao , Li Hongli , Chen Lijuan , Huang Qiangxian
Published: February 2019

Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in scanning platforms of scanning probe microscopes (SPMs). However, the hysteresis of piezoelectric actuators reduces positioning accuracy and results in distorted SPM images. When regular raster scanning of SPM starts, the piezoelectric actuators move repeatedly at the same scanning range and frequency once the scanning parameters are set. In this study, a practical and simple mathematical model derived from experimental phenomenon, which is the combination of sinusoidal and linear functions, was proposed to describe the hysteresis behavior of piezoelectric actuators with repeated scanning. The model parameter was calculated from the coordinates of matched feature points in the trace and retrace images of ordinary sample obtained with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Experimental results show that the hysteresis of the scanned images is decreased from 107.46 pixels to 2.50 pixels after correction, with a width of 800 pixels. Hysteresis in other scanned images with different scanning frequencies and ranges was also corrected effectively using this model. The proposed model can be used to correct the hysteresis of AFM images without using any expensive displacement sensors or standard samples. The model is suitable and easy to be integrated into the scanning program of AFM without requiring hardware modifications.
Sparse general Wigner-type matrices: Local law and eigenvector delocalization
Authors: Dumitriu Ioana , Zhu Yizhe
Published: February 2019

We prove a local law and eigenvector delocalization for general Wigner-type matrices. Our methods allow us to get the best possible interval length and optimal eigenvector delocalization in the dense case, and the first results of such kind for the sparse case down to p=g(n)log⁡nn with g(n) → ∞. We specialize our results to the case of the stochastic block model, and we also obtain a local law for the case when the number of classes is unbounded.
Power functional theory for active Brownian particles: General formulation and power sum rules
Authors: Krinninger Philip , Schmidt Matthias
Published: February 2019

We generalize power functional theory [Schmidt and Brader, J. Chem. Phys. 138, 214101 (2013)] to Brownian many-body systems with orientational degrees of freedom. The framework allows the study of active particles in general inhomogeneous and time-dependent nonequilibrium. We prove for steady states that the free power equals half the negative dissipated external work per time, and is hence trivially related to the average forward swim speed of the particles. The variational theory expresses the free power as a functional of the microscopic one-body density and current distribution. Both fields are time-, position- and orientation-dependent, and the total current consists of translational and rotational parts. Minimization of the free power functional with respect to the current(s) yields the physical dynamics of the system. We give a simple approximation for the superadiabatic (above adiabatic) contribution which describes excess dissipation in homogeneous bulk fluids due to drag. In steady states, we evaluate the free power using Brownian dynamics simulations for short-ranged soft repulsive spheres. We describe the necessary sampling strategies and show that the theory provides a good account of the simulation data.
Enhanced piezomagnetic coefficient of cobalt ferrite ceramics by Ga and Mn doping for magnetoelectric applications
Authors: Santa-Rosa Washington , da Silva Paulo Sergio , M’Peko Jean-Claude , Amorín Harvey , Algueró Miguel , Venet Michel
Published: February 2019

The magnetic, magnetostrictive, and electrical properties of Ga- and Mn-doped cobalt ferrite are reported as a function of composition. Materials with improved functionality for magnetoelectric composites are obtained. Magnetic characterizations reveal the effectiveness of the dopants to reduce the typically high magneto-crystalline anisotropy of cobalt ferrite and significantly enhance piezomagnetic coefficients. CoGa0.15Fe1.85O4 ceramic shows large effective piezomagnetic coefficient q11, 3.9 × 10−6 kA−1 m, which is among the highest values reported for cobalt ferrite-based ceramics. Additionally, a two order of magnitude increase of resistivity is found after doping, which makes this material specially suitable for particulate composites. On the contrary, CoMn0.25Fe1.75O4 ceramic has the highest value of q11+q21 (∼1.9 × 10−6 kA−1 m), which is the relevant parameter for laminated composites. Analytical calculations of the transverse magnetoelectric coefficient α31E for bilayers containing these optimized magnetostrictive phases are also reported, and they demonstrate their high potential for developing new magnetoelectric composites.
Underlying competition mechanisms in the dynamic profile formation of high-density helicon plasma
Authors: Isayama S. , Shinohara S. , Hada T. , Chen S. H.
Published: February 2019

The formation mechanism of the density profile of helicon discharge, which has been a dispute for a long time, is investigated by using a careful self-consistent model. A detailed investigation of the local balance between the source and the loss fluxes reveals how the centrally peaked density profile is generated, despite the strong surface power absorption by the mode-converted Trivelpiece-Gould (TG) wave from the helicon wave, without any assumption of anomalous diffusion. Our results suggest that the flux transport toward the wall balances out the surface source flux by the TG wave, while the plasma core grows by the power of helicon wave deposition, resulting in the centrally peaked density profile. It is also found that the density profile can be controlled successfully to produce centrally peaked, flat, or hollow profiles by adjusting the contribution of the higher axial mode number of the TG wave.
Lagrangian analysis of intermittent sound sources in the flow-field of a bluff-body stabilized combustor
Authors: Premchand C. P. , George Nitin B. , Raghunathan Manikandan , Unni Vishnu R. , Sujith Raman I. , Nair Vineeth
Published: February 2019

Experiments were performed in a partially premixed bluff-body stabilized combustor in the regimes of combustion noise, intermittency, and thermoacoustic instability. Simultaneous measurements of unsteady pressure fluctuations and flow-field using time-resolved two-component particle image velocimetry reveal dominant dynamics at 141.9 Hz which is responsible for thermoacoustic instability. In the intermittent regime that presages thermoacoustic instability, there are two distinct frequencies: a low-frequency component at 30.7 Hz dominant in the velocity spectra (hydrodynamic mode) and a higher frequency component at 176.4 Hz dominant in the pressure spectra (acoustic mode). Examining the phase relationship between the two modes in the intermittent regime using a variant of the Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) confirms that the appearance of bursts of periodic pressure oscillations coincide with the time instants when the hydrodynamic and the acoustic modes are phase synchronized. To identify the flow structure dynamics observed only during sound production, we compute ridges in the fields of backward-time finite time Lyapunov exponents. The roll up of shear layers from the dump plane and the leading edge of the bluff body and subsequent impingement on combustor walls are identified as the dominant features of the flow during thermoacoustic instability as well as during the bursting stage of intermittency. We show convincingly that these identified dynamics correspond to the acoustic mode using DMD filtered flow fields comprising only of the acoustic mode.