bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Technologist Apprentice Program: An Innovative Approach to Improve Staffing
Authors: Shields Lisa B.E. , Pate Andrea M. , Young Matt W. , Flanders Kimberly
Published: December 2022

Along with surgeons, anesthesia professionals, and RN circulators, surgical technologists are essential members of the perioperative team. Despite a partnership with a local community college that offered a surgical technologist degree program, Norton Healthcare in Louisville, Kentucky, continued to experience a shortage of surgical technologists. To meet demands, the clinical educators at the facility developed an in‐house Surgical Technologist Apprentice Program (STAP). The STAP consists of six weeks of didactic learning and hands‐on training in an OR simulation laboratory, followed by a six‐month preceptorship in the OR. This program has proven invaluable, particularly as the COVID‐19 pandemic increased the need for personnel who are not only skilled in the OR but also can provide essential frontline patient care when needed. Together, the STAP and the college partnership offer a career‐building opportunity for those in entry‐level positions who may not otherwise be able to afford to train for this specialized role.
Electrochemical sensor based on carbon material derived from Physalis alkekengi L. husks for the analysis of ascorbic acid
Authors: Jin Biao , Liu Shanshan , Jin Dongri
Published: December 2022

The design of electrode materials for sensitive electrochemical sensors is important for the rapid detection of ascorbic acid. Using Physalis alkekengi L. husks (PaLH) as the carbon precursor, PaLH‐derived carbon materials (PCM) were prepared by high temperature carbonization, and hierarchical porous carbon materials (KPCM) were prepared by KOH activation. The carbon materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and isothermal nitrogen adsorption and desorption. KPCM had a larger specific surface area (1345.45 m2 g−1) and more micro/mesopores than PCM without KOH activation. Two types of carbon materials, PCM and KPCM, were used as electrode modifiers, and the electrochemical properties of KPCM/GCE and PCM/GCE (GCE = glassy carbon electrode) were investigated. KPCM/GCE had a higher electron‐transfer rate, higher electrochemically active area, smaller charge‐transfer resistance, wider potential window, and higher catalytic activity for ascorbic acid detection. An ascorbic acid electrochemical sensing platform constructed with KPCM/GCE showed high sensitivity (334.03 μA mM−1 cm−2 and 134.52 μA mM−1 cm−2) and a low detection limit (0.92 μM) (S/N = 3) in the linear range of 0.005–1.6 mM. This method was applied to the analysis and determination of ascorbic acid in chewable vitamin C tablets.
Morphological specialization to nectarivory in Phyllostomus discolor (Wagner, 1843) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)
Authors: Quinche Laura L. , Santana Sharlene E. , Rico‐Guevara Alejandro
Published: December 2022

Dedicated nectarivory is a derived feeding habit that requires specialized cranial and soft‐tissue morphologies to extract nectar from flowers. Nectarivory has evolved many times in terrestrial vertebrates, and in four bat families (Pteropodidae, Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae, and Mystacinidae). Within phyllostomids, specializations to nectarivory have been well documented in two subfamilies, Glossophaginae and Lonchophyllinae. However, nectarivory has also evolved independently in the genus Phyllostomus (subfamily Phyllostominae). Since Phyllostomus species have an omnivorous diet with a high consumption of nectar, they can be used to explore the basic morphological modifications linked to evolving a nectarivorous habit. Here, we focused on describing and comparing the morphological features potentially associated with nectarivory in Phyllostomus discolor. We present the first detailed tongue and palate morphological descriptions for P. discolor and perform skull morphometric analysis including 10 species. We found hair‐like papillae on the tongue of P. discolor, a convergent feature with Glossophaginae and nectarivorous Pteropodids; these papillae likely confer an advantage when feeding on nectar. P. discolor does not show skull morphological features characteristic of nectarivorous bats, such as a long and narrow snout. We pose that the consumption of a variety of food, such as hard insects and fruits, and the large size of P. discolor relative to specialized nectarivores may create trade‐offs against morphological specialization of the skull towards nectarivory. In contrast, a long and mobile tongue with hair‐like papillae may be an evolutionary solution for nectar extraction that does not have a major impact on this species' ability to feed on other resources.
Pronephros and mesonephros characterization during the embryonic development of the giant South American river turtle, Podocnemis expansa (Podocnemididae: Testudines)
Authors: Magalhães Marcela dos Santos , Dias Lucas Castanhola , Oliveira Moacir Franco de , Sebben Antônio , Moura Carlos Eduardo B. de
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to describe pronephros and mesonephros morphology during the embryonic development of Podocnemis expansa. Eggs were collected on an artificial beach at Balbina, Amazonas, Brazil, during the entire incubation period (mean of 59 days). The kidney‐gonad complex was processed using light microscopy and the mesonephros using transmission electron microscopy. The pronephros was present for the first time on stage 4, composed of external glomeruli devoid of a capsule, protruding into the coelomic cavity, and internally composed of a capillary network. The pronephros degenerated after development stage 15. The first sign of the appearance of the mesonephros occurred around stage 8, indicated by the early formation of renal corpuscles. The mesonephros comprised an renal corpuscles, neck segment, proximal tubule, intermediate segment, distal tubule, collector tubule, and collector duct. Ultrastructural analysis of the mesonephros brush border was done in the proximal tubule, and the presence of cells with structural characters indicative of secretory activity was detected in the juxtatubular region. Renal corpuscles and proximal tubules were the main components that underwent morphological alterations during mesonephros degeneration. The pronephros is a transient kidney, and the mesonephros became the functional embryonic kidney in P. expansa. Mesonephros degeneration occurs in the cranial‐caudal direction, and histologically, the degeneration is identified by changes in the morphology of the renal corpuscle and proximal tubule. However, the mesonephros is still present after hatching.
Rosa gallica and its active compound, cyanidin‐3,5‐O‐diglucoside, improve skin hydration via the GLK signaling pathway
Authors: Seo Ji‐Won , Jo Seongin , Jung Young Sung , Mijan Mohammad‐Al , Cha Joy , Hong Seungpyo , Byun Sanguine , Lim Tae‐Gyu
Published: December 2022

Rosa gallica has been previously reported to display anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, and anti‐skin wrinkle activities. However, the effect of Rosa gallica on skin hydration and its active components are largely unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate the skin hydration effect of rose petal extract (RPE) in humans and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. A double‐blinded clinical study was performed to investigate the effect of RPE on skin hydration. Stratum corneum moisture analysis demonstrated that RPE treatment significantly improved hydration levels in human skin. Furthermore, HAS2 and hyaluronic acid levels were notably increased by RPE in keratinocytes and 3D human skin equivalent model. By comparing the modulatory effect on HAS2 expression, cyanidin‐3,5‐O‐diglucoside (CDG) was identified as the most potent compound in RPE likely responsible for skin hydration. The kinase activity of GLK, an upstream regulator of MAPK signaling, was increased by CDG in a dose‐dependent manner. Importantly, silencing GLK reversed CDG‐mediated HAS2 upregulation, further supporting the involvement of GLK in the CDG‐mediated effects. Binding of CDG to GLK was confirmed by pull‐down assay and computer modeling. These findings suggest that RPE and its active component CDG increases skin hydration by upregulating HAS2 expression through modulating the GLK‐MAP2K‐MAPK signaling pathway.
Targeting a KRAS i‐motif forming sequence by unmodified and gamma‐modified peptide nucleic acid oligomers
Authors: Sarkar Srijani , Colón‐Roura Gabriela , Pearse Alexander , Armitage Bruce A.
Published: December 2022

Growing interest in i‐motif DNA as a transcriptional regulatory element motivates development of synthetic molecules capable of targeting these structures. In this study, we designed unmodified peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and gamma‐modified PNA (γPNA) oligomers complementary to an i‐motif forming sequence derived from the promoter of the KRAS oncogene. Biophysical techniques such as circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, CD melting, and fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated the successful invasion of the i‐motif by PNA and γPNA. Both PNA and γPNA showed very strong binding to the target sequence with high thermal stability of the resulting heteroduplexes. Interestingly fluorescence and CD experiments indicated formation of an intermolecular i‐motif structure via the overhangs of target‐probe heteroduplexes formed by PNA/γPNA invasion of the intramolecular i‐motif. Targeting promoter i‐motif forming sequences with high‐affinity oligonucleotide mimics like γPNAs may represent a new approach for inhibiting KRAS transcription, thereby representing a potentially useful anti‐cancer strategy.
Development and validation of apalutamide‐related substances method in solid dosage forms using HPLC
Authors: Bandaru Lova Gani Raju , Konduru Naresh , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad , Regulagadda Suryanarayana , Kanuparthy Phani Raja , Gundla Rambabu
Published: December 2022

A related‐substances method was developed for the anticancer drug formulation apalutamide 60 mg tablets and validated using a liquid chromatography gradient elution method. All of the impurities and degradants were separated using the Luna Omega 5 μm Polar C18, (250 × 4.6) mm HPLC column with a 1.0 ml min−1 flow rate. The detection was done at 225 nm by injecting the 10 μl of injection volume, controlling the sample temperature at 10°C and maintaining the column compartment temperature at 30°C. The total run time was 85 min. A 0.01 m disodium phosphate dihydrate pH 4.20 ± 0.05 buffer mixed with acetonitrile in the ratio of 73:27 (v/v) was used as mobile phase A. Mobile phase B consisted of water and acetonitrile in the ratio 30:70 (v/v). The proposed method was validated as per the current regulatory guidelines. The method precisions (RSD) at 100% specification level were 1.41, 1.74, 1.84, and 1.66% for the four impurities. The accuracy results were obtained between 96.0 and 106.3% for the limit of quantitation to the 150% level. The standard and sample solutions stability were established for 44 h at 10°C. The correlation coefficient (r) value was >0.999 for all four impurities, indicating good linearity between the concentration and peak response: 0.9999, 0.9999, 0.9999 and 1.0000. These results show the method’s linearity. The three filter compatibility was proved and it was concluded that 0.45 μm Nylon, PTFE and PVDF filters are suitable. The robustness of the method was established by varying the conditions. The method specificity was proved and the forced degradation data reveal the method’s stability‐indicating nature.
Amyloid‐β PET in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and Bayesian meta‐analysis
Authors: Ruan Dan , Sun Long
Published: December 2022

Background

In recent years, longitudinal studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been successively concluded. Our aim is to determine the efficacy of amyloid‐β (Aβ) PET in diagnosing AD and early prediction of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) converting to AD. By pooling studies from different centers to explore in‐depth whether diagnostic performance varies by population type, radiotracer type, and diagnostic approach, thus providing a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the subsequent widespread application of Aβ PET in the clinical setting.

Methods

Relevant studies were searched through PubMed. The pooled sensitivities, specificities, DOR, and the summary ROC curve were obtained based on a Bayesian random‐effects model.

Results

Forty‐eight studies, including 5967 patients, were included. Overall, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR, and AUC of Aβ PET for diagnosing AD were 0.90, 0.80, 35.68, and 0.91, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that Aβ PET had high sensitivity (0.91) and specificity (0.81) for differentiating AD from normal controls but very poor specificity (0.49) for determining AD from MCI. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.84 and 0.62, respectively, for predicting the conversion of MCI to AD. The differences in diagnostic efficacy between visual assessment and quantitative analysis and between 11C‐PIB PET and 18F‐florbetapir PET were insignificant.

Conclusions

The overall performance of Aβ PET in diagnosing AD is favorable, but the differentiation between MCI and AD patients should consider that some MCI may be at risk of conversion to AD and may be misdiagnosed. A multimodal diagnostic approach and machine learning analysis may be effective in improving diagnostic accuracy.
Demographic and disease‐related factors impact on cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain levels in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zondra Revendova Kamila , Starvaggi Cucuzza Chiara , Manouchehrinia Ali , Khademi Mohsen , Bar Michal , Leppert David , Sandberg Elisabeth , Ouellette Russell , Granberg Tobias , Piehl Fredrik
Published: December 2022

Background

Neurofilament light (NfL) levels reflect inflammatory disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but it is less clear if NfL also can serve as a biomarker for MS progression in treated patients without relapses and focal lesion accrual. In addition, it has not been well established if clinically effective treatment re‐establishes an age and sex pattern for cerebrospinal fluid NfL (cNfL) as seen in controls, and to what degree levels are affected by disability level and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) atrophy metrics.

Methods

We included subjects for whom cNfL levels had been determined as per clinical routine or in clinical research, classified as healthy controls (HCs, n = 89), MS‐free disease controls (DCs, n = 251), untreated MS patients (uMS; n = 296), relapse‐free treated MS patients (tMS; n = 78), and ProTEct‐MS clinical trial participants (pMS; n = 41).

Results

Using linear regression, we found a positive association between cNfL and age, as well as lower concentrations among women, in all groups, except for uMS patients. In contrast, disability level in the entire MS cohort, or T1 and T2 lesion volumes, brain parenchymal fraction, thalamic fraction, and cortical thickness in the pMS trial cohort, did not correlate with cNfL concentrations. Furthermore, the cNfL levels in tMS and pMS groups did not differ.

Conclusions

In participants with MS lacking signs of inflammatory disease activity, disease modulatory therapy reinstates an age and sex cNfL pattern similar to that of control subjects. No significant association was found between cNfL levels and clinical worsening, disability level, or MRI metrics.
The anti‐corruption compliance models in a multinational company: A single case study
Authors: Moscariello Nicola , Pizzo Michele , Ricciardi Giorgio , Mallardo Gennaro , Fattorusso Pasquale
Published: December 2022

Corruption is considered a widespread plague in most countries. Human rights, economic development, and national security are just a few of the aspects affected by corruption. The emerging literature also shows that corruption is one of the main causes of environmental degradation (particularly among developing countries) and that the phenomenon is stronger in the case of multinational companies (MNCs) due to the necessary interaction between MNCs and the host market's public officials. In this scenario, corporate anti‐corruption programs may represent a key element to enhance social, economic, and environmental wellbeing. However, evidence relative to the effectiveness of anti‐corruption models are mixed showing that compliance structures are often window‐dressing mechanisms implemented by corporate management to mitigate the corporate liabilities associated with their employees' illegal behaviors, rather than the likelihood of criminal actions per se. Thus, a practical approach is needed to understand what are the main attributes that distinguish an effective compliance program from a formal/legal one. Using a single case study approach (Eni Group), this paper aims to identify the key traits to increase the effectiveness of a compliance program in detecting and preventing illegal behaviors.
Implementation of microsatellite instability testing for the assessment of solid tumors in clinical practice
Authors: Nakayama Izuma , Shinozaki Eiji , Kawachi Hiroshi , Sasaki Takashi , Yunokawa Mayu , Tomomatsu Junichi , Yuasa Takeshi , Kitazono Satoru , Kobayashi Kokoro , Hayakawa Keiko , Ueki Arisa , Takahashi Shunji , Yamaguchi Kensei
Published: December 2022

Background

In Japan, microsatellite instability (MSI) testing for solid tumors was introduced in clinical practice in December 2018. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are established standards of care for patients with MSI‐high tumors, the status of implementing MSI testing in clinical practice remains unclear.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with solid tumors who underwent MSI testing between January 2019 and December 2020 at our institution.

Results

In total, 1,052 MSI tests were performed in 1,047 patients. Regardless of specimen volume and condition, the MSI status was successfully determined in 1,041 (99.0%) tests, encompassing 27 tumor types (microsatellite stable [MSS] or MSI‐low:n = 991 [95.2%] and MSI‐high:n = 50 [4.8%]). Patients whose specimens were fixed with 20% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) and who had specimens with prolonged storage (98.4% and 95.4%) showed lower success rates than those whose specimens were fixed with 10% NBF and who had specimens with nonprolonged storage (100.0% and 99.6%), respectively. The prolonged turnaround time (TAT) in MSI‐high cases (median TAT: 24 days) was a critical issue that directly resulted in treatment delay. Of the 50 patients with MSI‐high tumors, 24 (48.0%) received ICIs and 34 (68.0%) were referred to the Department of Clinical Genetic Oncology where 6 (12.0%) patients were diagnosed with Lynch syndrome.

Conclusions

MSI testing was successfully performed for various types of tumors and specimens in clinical practice. Our study results identified certain issues associated with the clinical implementation of MSI testing, including optimal specimen selection, extended TAT in MSI‐high cases, and awareness of hereditary tumors.
Students' defending and passive bystanding behaviours when witnessing school bullying in North Western Ethiopia: Roles of personal and situational factors
Authors: Eijigu Temesgen Demissie , Teketel Seleshi Zeleke
Published: December 2022

Guided by Thornberg et al.'s (2012) framework on motivation to intervene, the present study examines whether personal and situational factors are associated with defending and passive bystanding behaviours in school bullying. Self‐reported survey data were collected from 612 students (aged 12–16 years) attending grades 7, 8, 9, and 10 in East Gojjam Administrative Zone, North Western Ethiopia. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the strongest, significant predictors of defending were self‐efficacy for defending (β = .215, p = .000), affective empathy (β = .173, p = .000), students' experience as victim (β = .119, p = .002), personal sense of power (β = .119, p = .006), followed by moral disengagement (β = .118, p = .002), and age level (β = −.082, p = .036). All variables jointly explained 18.6% of the total variance in defending, F (12, 599) = 11.397, p < .00; with medium effect size (f2 = 0.23). In contrast, the strongest predictors of passive bystanding were moral disengagement (β = .233, p = .000), perceived costs and benefits of defending (β = −.163, p = .000), self‐efficacy (β = −.139, p = .003), students' experience as victim (β = .097, p = .014), followed by gender (β = −.080, p = .042). The model explained 16.7% of the total variance in passive bystanding, F (12, 599) = 10.043, p < .001; with medium effect size (f2 = 0.20). The findings enrich our understanding of factors associated with defending and passive bystanding behaviours. The implications for intervention are discussed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2022

The proposal for easier access to methadone for under‐18 patients

What adolescents think about the use of a chatbots for depression

The need for screening new moms for depression
Three years post #metoo: Sexual harassment and our youth
Authors: Walters Anne S.
Published: December 2022

Though the #metoo movement focused largely on adults, as accusations were made public it became clear that the prevalence of sexual harassment has an impact on young people, particularly adolescents. Sexual harassment is defined as “unwanted and unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature that interferes with the right to receive an equal educational opportunity. It is a form of sex discrimination that is prohibited by Title IX, a federal law establishing civil rights in education….” (Stein, 1997). Title IX, enacted in 1972, requires a school district to have an established process for addressing and resolving sexual harassment complaints. How prevalent is sexual harassment? As it turns out, very much so.
Child health organizations call for federal national emergency in the mental health of children
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2022

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), and Children's Hospital Association (CHA) late last year sent a follow‐up letter to the White House: do more to help children with mental health problems. The organizations first asked the Biden administration for this mental health emergency more than a year ago. Nothing happened. They marked the anniversary by sending a letter, signed by 130 children's mental health organizations, asking that more be done.
Suction‐based catheter retrieval of right ventricular clot‐in‐transit
Authors: Li Leo T. , Alexis Miguel , Wilson Sean R. , Yu Pey‐Jen
Published: December 2022

Right ventricular clot‐in‐transit (CIT) is a rare finding in venous thromboembolic disease and carries a high mortality rate. Its optimal treatments have yet to be established in the literature. Here we describe the usage of a suction‐based catheter, the INARI FlowTriever® system (INARI Medical Inc.) to successfully retrieve a CIT from the right ventricle of a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome on veno–veno extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Cytomegalovirus lymphadenitis mimicking a relapsed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Delaye Matthieu , Ricard Laure , Maisonobe Lucas , Chartier Suzanne , Coppo Paul
Published: December 2022

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is frequent after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), but generalized CMV lymphadenitis is rare. We report a CMV lymphadenitis after an ASCT mimicking a relapse of a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. After histopathological documentation, CMV lymphadenitis should be treated to avoid systemic progression.
A case of atlantoaxial instability following skull base osteomyelitis: Tips for diagnosis and management
Authors: Roohollahi Faramarz , Iranmehr Arad , Fatahi Andabili Ehsan
Published: December 2022

Skull base osteomyelitis is a rare but dangerous consequence of untreated malignant otitis externa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for most cases with typical presentation. Here, we discuss a diabetic 54‐year‐old female presented with malignant otitis externa and bilateral facial paresis followed by cervical spondylitis and C1‐C2 instability. Skull base osteomyelitis confirmed by clinical presentation, imaging, and laboratory data. Fortunately, she responded well to antibacterial and antifungal therapy. Due to limited data, there is no confirmed standard of treatment for cervical instability secondary to SBO. It seems antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment. In case of poor response to antibiotic therapy, surgical intervention is inevitable. This article introduces the first case of SBO‐related AAI successfully managed with conservative treatment.
Tin Active Sites Confined in Zeolite Framework as a Promising Shape‐Selective Catalyst for Ethylene Oxide Hydration
Authors: Liu Xue , Liu Sen , Yan Tingyu , Shang Ningzhao , Li Huiliang , Wang Zheng , Xu Hao , Wu Peng
Published: December 2022

Shape‐selective stannosilicates have been post‐synthesized for the hydration of epoxide to diols. A simple acid treatment has been employed to remove extensively the interlayer double four ring units, converting the three‐dimensional (3D) UTL germanosilicate into a 2D layered IPC‐1P intermediate. Isomorphous incorporation of tetrahedrally coordinated Sn active centers was realized via solid‐liquid treatment of IPC‐1P with diammonium hexachlorostannate aqueous solution, which was accompanied by the spontaneous condensation of neighboring silica‐rich cfi layers upon calcination and structural construction of a 3D PCR structure. Sn‐PCR stannosilicates with tunable Sn contents were thus prepared. With Sn‐derived robust Lewis acidity confined in the intersecting 10‐ and 8‐ring channels, the Sn‐PCR (Si/Sn molar ratio of 77) catalyst served as a shape‐selective nanoreactor for the hydration of ethylene oxide (EO) into ethylene glycol (EG), exhibiting a remarkable EO conversion (99.5 %) as well as a steady EG selectivity (>98.4 %) at greatly reduced H2O/EO molar ratio and near‐ambient reaction temperature.
Vapor‐Phase Precise‐Synthesis of 2D Inorganic Materials for Optoelectronics
Authors: Zhou Xing , Zhuge Fuwei , Wang Han , Zhai Tianyou
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive Summary

2D materials have attracted intensive attention due to their unique electrical and optical properties associated with their strictly defined low dimensionalities. They provide a wide range of basic building blocks for future electronics and optoelectronics. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been proposed to be efficient to realize the controllable thickness, scalable size, which are necessary for both industrial applications and fundamental researches. Herein, we share our research works to realize the controllable growth of 2D materials. We found that stable growth microenvironment can regulate the growth of 2D materials. Thus, we developed near‐steady source supply, space‐confined, and additive‐assisted passivated growth methods to solve the problem of unstable growth environment caused by uneven source and mass transfer. Then, we developed several strategies to precisely control the parity, separation, and transport of the carriers in 2D materials including fabricating defect‐free interface via van der Waals dielectrics, modulating the parity of carriers via ferroelectric‐field, and the separation of carriers via band engineering. Toward future development, we highlight the opportunities and challenges in this field.

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?

Additive‐assisted passivated chemical vapor deposition for growing 2D materials such as non‐layered 2D materials and 2D inorganic molecular crystals.

How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?

I got my introduction to chemical vapor deposition for growing nanomaterials from my undergraduate training. Then I focused on transistors and photodetectors during my postgraduate research in Japan. When I came back, I found that 2D materials are promising for the next generation optoelectronics. Thus, I started to get into this field of synthesis of 2D materials for optoelectronics.

What is the most important personality for scientific research?

Interest, is the driving force to find novel phenomenon, and persist in

scientific research.

How do you supervise your students?

I prefer to discuss different experimental directions according to each student's interests. In terms of topic selection, I will give them more space for thinking and ask them to discuss with me with their problems. Then, we will choose one or more directions that deserve to be focused. I will follow up the details of their experiments every week. In the meantime, I also coach them how to design research projects for their research, and perform multidisciplinary research in collaboration with others.

What are your hobbies?

Running.

If you have anything else to tell our readers, please feel free to do so.

As a scientist, please keep interests and curiosity in your scientific research, as well as persistent.
Revisiting the cytologic features of autoimmune pancreatitis: An institutional experience
Authors: Thangaiah Judith Jebastin , McHugh Kelsey E. , Yuan Lisi , Reynolds Jordan P. , Cruise Michael W. , Policarpio‐Nicolas Maria Luisa C.
Published: December 2022

Background

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a known mimicker of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma both clinically and radiologically. In this study, the authors present their institutional experience in diagnosing AIP on cytology and correlate results with the histologic findings.

Methods

A 14‐year computerized search for patients who had histologically confirmed AIP with concurrent or prior cytology was performed. Clinical data, cytology findings, and surgical pathology results were reviewed for analysis.

Results

Eighteen patients were identified. The patients showed a male predominance, with a mean age of 59 years. Jaundice, weight loss, and abdominal pain were the most common clinical presentation. Five of 12 patients who were tested for serum immunoglobulin G4 had elevated levels. Cytologic findings of 16 cases that were available for review showed markedly inflamed fibrous stroma (54%) and cytologic atypia (50%). The final cytologic diagnoses were suspicious for adenocarcinoma (n = 1), atypical (n = 8), and benign/negative (n = 9). The corresponding surgical pathology diagnoses were classified as type 1 (n = 10), type 2 (n = 6), and AIP, not otherwise specified (n = 2). All type 2 AIP cases had at least atypical cytologic diagnoses, with one called suspicious for adenocarcinoma and another called adenocarcinoma at the time of rapid on‐site evaluation. In contrast, eight of 10 type 1 AIP cases were negative/benign, and two of 10 were atypical. In these two atypical cases, the possibility of AIP was raised because of the presence of inflamed stroma.

Conclusion

AIP is a pitfall in cytology because moderate‐to‐marked atypia can be present, especially in type 2 AIP. Because atypia can be severe, the presence of cellular fibrous stroma with lymphocytic stromal infiltrates and the integration of serum immunoglobulin G4 levels could be helpful in avoiding diagnostic overcall in AIP.
Cytologic features of gynecologic germ cell tumors and carcinomas exhibiting germ cell tumor differentiation
Authors: Hodgson Anjelica , Kim Veronica , Murali Rajmohan
Published: December 2022

Background

In this study, the authors sought to describe the cytologic features of primary gynecologic germ cell tumors and carcinomas exhibiting germ cell differentiation because little information currently exists.

Methods

An institutional database search was performed to identify histologically confirmed gynecologic germ cell tumors and carcinomas with germ cell tumor differentiation. Available cytologic material was reviewed by three observers, and morphologic features were recorded in addition to patient age at original diagnosis, primary tumor site, site(s) from which the examined cytologic material was obtained, and the type of examined cytologic preparations.

Results

In total, 15 cytologic specimens from 12 women (aged 19–82 years) were identified and included touch preparations of core biopsies from various sites (n = 6), fine‐needle biopsies (n = 2), pelvic washings (n = 1), ascitic fluids (n = 4), pelvic cyst fluid (n = 1), and endometrial aspirate (n = 1). Of the 12 patients, seven had primary gynecologic germ cell tumors, four had gynecologic (ovarian and endometrial) tumors exhibiting somatic yolk sac tumor‐like differentiation, and the remaining patient had an intestinal‐type adenocarcinoma arising within an ovarian teratoma. There was morphologic overlap among many of the cases, although cytoplasmic vacuolation/granular cytoplasm was seen in 75% of primary yolk sac tumors or carcinomas with yolk sac tumor differentiation, and dense/squamoid cytoplasm was seen in 100% of teratomatous elements that were sampled.

Conclusions

Germ cell tumors and somatic neoplasms exhibiting germ cell tumor differentiation occurring in adult women share some cytologic features and may be difficult to distinguish from one another, although some tumor types showed characteristic cytomorphologic findings.
Head pleomorphic sarcoma showing murine double minute 2 amplification without a well‐differentiated liposarcoma component in a pediatric patient
Authors: Akaihata Mitsuko , Takahashi Ikuko , Kakuda Yuko , Kawata Takuya , Mukaigawa Takashi , Onitsuka Testuro , Murayama Shigeyuki , Ishida Yuji
Published: December 2022

Background

Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is an oncogene that inhibits p53, leading to decreased apoptosis. Sarcomas showing MDM2 amplification are rare among pediatric patients.

Case

A 14‐year‐old boy presented with pleomorphic sarcoma of the head showing MDM2 amplification without a well‐differentiated liposarcoma component. Although chemotherapy was initially performed to reduce the tumor size before surgery, the tumor did not shrink. The patient underwent complete surgical resection. Microscopic examination revealed a positive surgical margin; thus, postoperative proton‐beam radiotherapy was performed. 3 years after the therapy, no sign of recurrence was observed.

Conclusion

Macroscopic surgical resection combined with adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy was effective against MDM2‐amplified pleomorphic sarcoma refractory to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a pediatric patient.
Perceptions and experiences with eating disorder treatment in the first year of COVID‐19: A longitudinal qualitative analysis
Authors: Goode Rachel W. , Godoy Sarah M. , Wolfe Hannah , Olson Katie , Agbozo Bridgette , Mueller Abigail , Noem Taylor , Malian Hannah , Peat Christine M. , Watson Hunna , Thornton Laura M. , Gwira Rebecca , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: December 2022

Objective

The COVID‐19 pandemic created significant challenges in accessing and receiving treatment for individuals with eating disorders (EDs). The purpose of this study is to explore perceptions of and experiences with ED treatment during the first year of the pandemic among individuals with past and self‐reported EDs in the United States.

Methods

Online surveys were administered to adults (N = 510) with a past or current self‐reported ED at 13 timepoints between April 2020 and May 2021. Using longitudinal qualitative analysis, 5651 free‐text responses were examined to capture experiences with ED treatment and generate inferences of change over time.

Results

We categorized results into four sequential, temporal quarters and identified patterns that explained participants' perceptions of facilitators, barriers, and experiences with ED treatment over time: Quarter 1. Treatment Disruption and Reorienting Recovery; Quarter 2. Accumulating COVID‐19 Stress and Virtual Treatment Woes; Quarter 3. A Continuation of Inadequate Care; and Quarter 4. Ongoing Adaptation and Adjustment to Uncertainty. Participant experiences were marked by numerous barriers to accessing care, challenges adjusting to virtual treatment, unmet treatment needs, and beginning acceptance of telehealth.

Discussion

Our findings present a timeline to help evaluate challenges related to navigating the switch to virtual care which created significant disruption to ED recovery. Participants spent much of the first year trying to adjust to unemployment, loss of insurance, and lack of access to in‐person treatment. Future research should identify additional strategies to improve the receipt and experience of care for EDs.

Public Significance

Our findings suggest that individuals with eating disorders were significantly challenged by accumulating COVID‐19 stress, worsening symptomatology, and limited access to effective treatment during the first year of the pandemic. This knowledge can guide clinicians, treatment centers, and policy makers in addressing the behavioral health needs of individuals impacted by disordered eating amidst emergent public health crises.
Measuring stability in ecological systems without static equilibria
Authors: Clark Adam Thomas , Mühlbauer Lina K. , Hillebrand Helmut , Karakoç Canan
Published: December 2022

Ecological stability refers to a range of concepts used to quantify how species and environments change over time and in response to disturbances. Most empirically tractable ecological stability metrics assume that systems have simple dynamics and static equilibria. However, ecological systems are typically complex and often lack static equilibria (e.g., predator–prey oscillations, transient dynamics, chaos). Failing to account for these factors can lead to biased estimates of stability, in particular, by conflating effects of observation error, process noise, and underlying deterministic dynamics. To distinguish among these processes, we combine three existing approaches: state space models; delay embedding methods; and particle filtering. Jointly, these provide something akin to a deterministically “detrended” version of the coefficient of variation, separately tracking variability due to deterministic dynamics versus stochastic perturbations. Moreover, these variability estimates can be used to forecast dynamics, classify underlying sources of stochastic dynamics, and estimate the “exit time” before a state change takes place (e.g., local extinction events). Importantly, the time‐delay embedding methods that we employ make very few assumptions about the functions governing deterministic dynamics, which facilitates applications in systems with limited data and a priori biological knowledge. To demonstrate how complex dynamics without static equilibria can bias ecological stability estimates, we analyze simulated time series of abundance dynamics in a system with time‐varying carrying capacity and empirically observed abundance dynamics of the green algae Chlamydomonas terricola grown in a diverse microcosm mixture under variable temperature conditions. We show that stability estimates based on raw observations greatly overestimate temporal variability and fail to accurately forecast time to extinction. In contrast, joint application of state space modeling, delay embedding, and particle filters were able to: (1) correctly quantify the contributions of deterministic versus stochastic variability; (2) successfully estimate “true” abundance dynamics; and (3) correctly forecast time to extinction. Our results therefore demonstrate the importance of accounting for effects of complex, nonstatic dynamics in studies of ecological stability and provide an empirically tractable and flexible toolkit for conducting these measurements.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective C(sp2)−H Acetoxylation of Tyrosine‐Containing Peptides
Authors: Urruzuno Iñaki , Andrade‐Sampedro Paula , Correa Arkaitz
Published: December 2022

A Pd‐catalyzed C(sp2)−H acetoxylation of Tyr‐containing peptides is described. The method relies on the use of a removable 2‐pyridyloxy group as directing group and is distinguished by its reliable scalability and easily tuned regioselectivity to perform mono‐ and diacetoxylation reactions. Remarkably, the assembly of L–DOPA peptidomimetics is beyond reach upon cleavage of the directing group.
Deep adaptation ofCNNin Chinese named entity recognition
Authors: Lv Yana , Qin Xutong , Du Xiuli , Qiu Shaoming
Published: December 2022

Named entity recognition (NER) is an important task in the field of natural language processing, but it is more challenging in Chinese because of the lack of natural delimiters. The traditional character‐based Chinese NER model directly uses long short‐term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent units, and other sequence models to extract sentence‐level information from character sequences, resulting in the lack of word‐level information in the model. Therefore, a Chinese NER model called ChineseBERT‐CNNs‐BiLSTM‐CRF was proposed, which uses the ChineseBERT pretrained model as the embedding layer so that the vector representation of each Chinese character contained pinyin, glyph, and conventional character information. In addition, a CNN‐based neural network structure called CNNs was presented to extract word‐level information from character sequences and alleviate the problem of entity boundary recognition. BiLSTM was used to extract global features (i.e., sentence‐level information) and predict the corresponding labels of character sequences. Further, conditional random field (CRF) was employed to impose certain rules on the prediction of BiLSTM to enhance the recognition effect of the model. The experimental results revealed that the F1 values of the model on MSRA, people's Daily, and Weibo datasets reached 95.76, 96.61, and 70.00%, respectively, highlighting the effectiveness of the model.
Nucleation and arrest of fluid-induced aseismic slip
Authors: Jacquey Antoine B. , Viesca Robert C.
Published: December 2022

Microseismicity associated with fluid pressurization in the subsurface
occurs during fluid injection but can also be triggered after injection
shut-in. Understanding the extent and duration of the post-injection
microseismicity is critical to limit the risk of fluid-induced
seismicity and insure the safe utilization of the subsurface. Using
theoretical and numerical techniques, we investigated how aseismic slip
on a fault plane evolves and stops after a fluid pressurization event.
We found that the locking mechanisms controlling the arrest of aseismic
slip highly depend on the initial fault stress criticality and the
pressurization duration. The absolute arrest time of fault aseismic slip
after injection shut-in is proportional to the pressurization duration
and increases significantly with the initial fault stress criticality.
Given that microseismicity can be triggered by aseismic slip, these
results provide insights into the mechanics controlling the arrest of
microseismicity after fluid pressurization as a milestone towards
induced seismicity mitigation strategies.
Global Spatial Distribution of Hack's Law Exponent on Mars and its Early Climate
Authors: Luo Wei , Howard Alan D , Craddock Robert A. , Oliveira Erneson E , Pires Rilder
Published: December 2022

Widespread valley networks (VNs) on Mars and other evidence point to an
early warm and wet climate. However, ongoing debates still exist about
VN’s formation processes and associated climatic conditions. The power
law relationship between basin length and area (Hack’s Law) can be
diagnostic of different fluvial processes related to climatic
conditions. Past studies of Hack’s Law on Mars at local sites have
produced inconclusive results.  Here we used a parameter-free method to
delineate watersheds globally on Mars based on mapped VNs and extracted
their Hack’s Law exponent (h). The majority of h values on
Mars are similar to those in arid areas on Earth, implying similar
runoff processes and arid conditions for VN formation on early Mars.
Statistical analyses show that the spatial distribution of h on
Mars is not random, but with a few clustered high and low values, likely
controlled by local conditions (e.g., slope or structures).
A unified time discontinuous Galerkin space‐time finite element scheme for non‐Newtonian power law models
Authors: Toulopoulos Ioannis
Published: December 2022

In this work, a stabilized time Discontinuous Galerkin, Space‐Time Finite Element (tDG‐ST‐FE) scheme is presented for discretizing time‐dependent viscous shear‐thinning fluid flow models, which exhibit a usual power‐law stress strain relation. The development of the proposed numerical scheme based mainly on a unified weak space‐time formulation, where simple streamline‐upwind terms have been added in the numerical scheme, for stabilizing the discretization of the associated temporal and convective terms. The original time interval is partitioned into time subintervals, resulting in a subdivision of the space‐time cylinder into space‐time subdomains. Discontinuous Galerkin techniques are applied for the time discretization between the space‐time subdomain interfaces. A stability bound is given for the derived ST‐FE scheme. In the last part numerical examples on benchmark problems are presented for testing the efficiency of the proposed method.
Building forward better—An exploration of nutrition practices, food choice, and coping behaviors among Kenyan adolescents during COVID‐19: Experiences and program implications
Authors: Kavle Justine A. , Codjia Patrick , Gathi Constance , Ahoya Brenda , Ramirez Lacey , Katua Stacy , Mugo Florence , Kiige Laura
Published: December 2022

This implementation research study sought to examine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on adolescent nutrition practices and related behaviors in Nairobi and Uasin Gishu Counties, Kenya. Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with adolescents 10–19 years of age, in‐depth interviews with 10 health facility providers, and a combination of FGDs (n‐4) and key informant interviews with government stakeholder and implementing partners (n = 9). During the pandemic, adolescents tended to avoid commonly consumed junk foods, in favor of “immune boosting, protective” foods. Widespread unemployment and reductions in parental income rendered some food items such as meat, eggs, and fruits unaffordable for families of adolescents. Adolescents relayed experiences of skipping meals and reducing the amount and variety of foods consumed. Adolescents also described employing strategies such as working in the informal sector and selling personal items to support families financially, in response to rising food insecurity. School closures mandated during the pandemic likely contributed to reductions in overall physical activity. To improve the diets of adolescents, programs should build on the healthy mindset brought on by the pandemic, while strengthening, targeting, and improving access to social protection measures and agricultural initiatives for vulnerable families with adolescents to cushion them from rising food insecurity as an effect of COVID‐19. Building practical adolescent life skills to encourage healthy nutrition actions will also be key to building forward from the COVID‐19 pandemic in Kenya.