bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Major swine viral diseases: an Asian perspective after the African swine fever introduction
Authors: Kedkovid Roongtham , Sirisereewan Chaitawat , Thanawongnuwech Roongroje
Published: July 2020

Asia is a major pig producer of the world, and at present, African swine fever virus (ASFV) continues to significantly impact the Asian pig industry. Since more than 50% of the world’s pig population is in Asia, ASFV outbreaks in Asia will affect the global pig industry. Prior to the introduction of ASF, several outbreaks of major swine viruses occurred in Asia over the last two decades, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). The rapid spreading of those viruses throughout Asia involve many factors such as the various pig production systems and supply chains ranging from back-yard to intensive industrial farms, animal movement and animal product trading within and among countries, and consumer behaviors. ASF has notoriously been known as a human-driven disease. Travelers and international trading are the major ASFV-carriers for the transboundary transmission and introduction to naïve countries. Globalization puts the entire pig industry at risk for ASF and other infectious diseases arising from Asian countries. Disease control strategies for the various pig production systems in Asia are challenging. In order to ensure future food security in the region and to prevent the deleterious consequences of ASF and other major viral disease outbreaks, disease control strategies and production systems must be improved and modernized.
The feasibility of a randomised control trial to assess physiotherapy against surgery for recurrent patellar instability
Authors: Rahman U. , Gemperle-Mannion E. , Qureshi A. , Edwin C. , Smith T. O. , Parsons H. , Mason J. , Underwood M. , Eldridge J. , Thompson P. , Metcalfe A. ,   On behalf of the PIPS study team, Bailey Andrea , Jones Robert , Hunt Agnes , Barnett Andrew , Beard David , Biant Leela , Boutefnouchet Tarek , Brown Jaclyn , Clark Damian , Costa Matt , Davies Loretta , McGowan Kerri , Patel Shilpa , Robertson Claire , Teuke Joanna , Shah Feisal , Smith Benjamin , Smith Nicholas , Spalding Tim , Whitehouse Michael , Wogan Celia , Wright David
Published: July 2020

Background

Patellar instability is a relatively common condition that leads to disability and restriction of activities. People with recurrent instability may be given the option of physiotherapy or surgery though this is largely driven by clinician preference rather than by a strong evidence base. We sought to determine the feasibility of conducting a definitive trial comparing physiotherapy with surgical treatment for people with recurrent patellar instability.

Methods

This was a pragmatic, open-label, two-arm feasibility randomised control trial (RCT) with an embedded interview component recruiting across three NHS sites comparing surgical treatment to a package of best conservative care; ‘Personalised Knee Therapy’ (PKT). The primary feasibility outcome was the recruitment rate per centre (expected rate 1 to 1.5 participants recruited each month). Secondary outcomes included the rate of follow-up (over 80% expected at 12 months) and a series of participant-reported outcomes taken at 3, 6 and 12 months following randomisation, including the Norwich Patellar Instability Score (NPIS), the Kujala Patellofemoral Disorder Score (KPDS), EuroQol-5D-5L, self-reported global assessment of change, satisfaction at each time point and resources use.

Results

We recruited 19 participants. Of these, 18 participants (95%) were followed-up at 12 months and 1 (5%) withdrew. One centre recruited at just over one case per month, one centre was unable to recruit, and one centre recruited at over one case per month after a change in participant screening approach. Ten participants were allocated into the PKT arm, with nine to the surgical arm. Mean Norwich Patellar Instability Score improved from 40.6 (standard deviation 22.1) to 28.2 (SD 25.4) from baseline to 12 months.

Conclusion

This feasibility trial identified a number of challenges and required a series of changes to ensure adequate recruitment and follow-up. These changes helped achieve a sufficient recruitment and follow-up rate. The revised trial design is feasible to be conducted as a definitive trial to answer this important clinical question for people with chronic patellar instability.

Trial registration

The trial was prospectively registered on the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry on the 22/12/2016 (reference number: ISRCTN14950321). http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14950321
Morphology of partial-thickness macular defects: presumed roles of Müller cells and tissue layer interfaces of low mechanical stability
Authors: Bringmann Andreas , Unterlauft Jan Darius , Wiedemann Renate , Rehak Matus , Wiedemann Peter
Published: July 2020

Background

The pathogenesis of partial-thickness macular defects and the role of Müller glial cells in the development of such defects are not well understood. We document the morphological characteristics of various types of partial-thickness macular defects using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, with the focus on tractional and degenerative lamellar holes, and discuss possible pathogenic mechanisms.

Methods

A retrospective case series of 61 eyes of 61 patients with different types of partial-thickness macular defects is described.

Results

Partial-thickness macular defects are caused by anteroposterior or tangential traction onto the fovea exerted by the partially detached posterior hyaloid and epiretinal membranes, respectively. Tractional elevation of the inner Müller cell layer of the foveola—without (outer lamellar holes, foveal pseudocysts) or with a disruption of this layer (tractional lamellar holes, macular pseudoholes)—produces an elevation of the inner layers of the foveal walls (nerve fiber layer to outer plexiform layer [OPL]) and a schisis between the OPL and Henle fiber layer (HFL). With the exception of outer lamellar holes, the (outer part of the) central outer nuclear layer and the external limiting membrane remain nondisrupted in the various types of partial-thickness defects. Degenerative lamellar holes are characterized by cavitations between the inner plexiform layer and HFL of the foveal walls; many cases have lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP). Proliferating cells of the disrupted Müller cell cone may contribute to the development of LHEP and fill the spaces left by degenerated photoreceptors in the foveal center.

Conclusions

It is suggested that morphological characteristics of partial-thickness macular defects can be explained by the disruption of the (stalk of the) Müller cell cone in the foveola and the location of tissue layer interfaces with low mechanical stability: the boundary with no cellular connections between both Müller cell populations in the foveola, and the interface between the OPL and HFL in the foveal walls and parafovea. We propose that the development of the cavitations in degenerative lamellar holes is initiated by traction which produces a schisis between the OPL and HFL, and enlarged by a slow and chronic degeneration of Henle fibers and bipolar cells.

Trial registration retrospectively registered, #143/20-ek, 04/03/2020
Multilayer networks: aspects, implementations, and application in biomedicine
Authors: Hammoud Zaynab , Kramer Frank
Published: July 2020

Modeling and analyses of complex systems using network theory have been an object of study for a long time. They have caught attention in many disciplines such as sociology, epidemiology, ecology, psychology, biology, biomedicine, and other fields. Network theory is especially an efficient tool to model biological networks such as gene co-expression networks, protein-protein interaction networks, or pathways. Considering the enhanced resolutions of complex real-world systems, the interest has been directed to multilayered networks. However, despite this surge of recent attention, the use of the multilayer framework in the biological field is still in its youth. In this paper, we review the different aspects and terminologies of multilayered networks. We also briefly discuss the variant applications of the multilayer framework, and finally, we give an overview of various existing applications of the multilayer model in network biology.
Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi against the aphid and the whitefly species on crops grown under greenhouse conditions in India
Authors: Singh Harshdeep , Kaur Tanjot
Published: July 2020

The aphids,Myzus persicae(Sulzer) andAphis gossypii(Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the whiteflies,Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood) andBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are the most damaging pests of greenhouse crops, which cause vector-borne viral diseases and its damage includes chlorosis, necrosis, and fruit abortion. This review article addresses the protected cultivation of vegetable crops (cucumber, capsicum, tomato, and gerbera), important insect pests of greenhouse crops in India along with its management by entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and increase in the virulence by different genetically modified techniques. Due to excessive and indiscriminate use of insecticides over the years, these insect pests became resistant to these insecticides. So, there is a need for the effectual substitutes to manage these pests. Biological control is a foundation of integrated pest management (IPM) that plays a key role in the repression of arthropod pests. Among different IPM program, the uses of different microbial formulations are ecofriendly and safe for life and proven a boon for the farmers and entrepreneurs. EPF are the most effective in reducing aphid and whitefly populations on vegetable crops recommending its organic production under greenhouse conditions and could be a part of IPM. In the future, these insect pests will become more resistant to entomopathogens. Some novel techniques such as genetic engineering of fungal formulations will be required to increase the efficiency of various entomopathogens as these techniques are well adopted by countries like the USA, China, and European countries but its use in India and needs to be improved in the near future.
Effect of cold storage temperature on quality of the parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Mohamed Hend O. , El-Heneidy A. H.
Published: July 2020

This study was designed to find out the optimum cold storage temperature (4, 7, and 10 °C) and storage period (1–16 weeks) of 3 different immature developmental stages (2, 4, 6 days post parasitism) of the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to produce high-quality individuals to be utilized. Also, the effects of cold storage on parasitoids’ fitness in terms of parasitism percentage, developmental period, adults’ emergence percentage, female percentage, and longevity (fed and un-fed) of parents and F1 progeny were investigated. The obtained results revealed that T. bactrae larvae (2-day post parasitism) could be stored for at least 7 weeks at 10 °C, with least changes in their fitness in both the parents and F1 progeny, followed by 7 °C, whereas storage at 4 °C was the fatal temperature in this early stage of parasitoid with a maximum mortality rate that extended to the next generation (F1). Furthermore, female biased sex ratios were observed at all storage temperatures in the parental and F1 generations but with different values. After a cold exposure of pre- and pupal stages (4, 6 days post parasitism) of the parasitoid at 7 °C, adults’ emergence percentage in the parents was low, but the biological performance in progeny was great. In addition, these late stages could be stored for a short period up to 4 weeks at 10 °C with highest performances in both generations, followed by 7 °C. Ten degrees Celsius proved to be the most suitable storage temperature at different parasitoid ages (larvae, pre-pupae, and pupae). Only the larval stage could continue up to 16 weeks of cold storage, and hence, it can be recommended for a short- and/or a long-term storage period.
Vitamin D Status and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Large Cohort: Results From the UK Biobank
Authors: Fan Xikang , Wang Jiayu , Song Mingyang , Giovannucci Edward L , Ma Hongxia , Jin Guangfu , Hu Zhibin , Shen Hongbing , Hang Dong
Published: July 2020

Context

Although an inverse association between vitamin D status and mortality has been reported in observational studies, the precise association shape and optimal vitamin D status remain undetermined.

Objective

To investigate the association between vitamin D status and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality and estimate optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

UK Biobank.

Participants

365 530 participants who had serum 25(OH)D measurements and no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, or diabetes at baseline (2006-2010).

Main outcome measures

All-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Results

During a median follow-up of 8.9 (interquartile range: 8.3-9.5) years, 10 175 deaths occurred, including 1841 (18.1%) due to CVD and 5737 (56.4%) due to cancer. The multivariate analyses revealed nonlinear inverse associations, with a decrease in mortality risk appearing to level off at 60 nmol/L of 25(OH)D for all-cause and CVD deaths and at 45 nmol/L for cancer deaths. Compared to participants with 25(OH)D concentrations below the cutoffs, those with higher concentrations had a 17% lower risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.86), 23% lower risk for CVD mortality (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.86), and 11% lower risk for cancer mortality (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.95).

Conclusions

Higher 25(OH)D concentrations are nonlinearly associated with lower risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. The thresholds of 45 to 60 nmol/L might represent an intervention target to reduce the overall risk of premature death, which needs further confirmation in large clinical trials.
Dysregulation of Steroid Hormone Receptors in Motor Neurons and Glia Associates with Disease Progression in ALS Mice
Authors: McLeod Victoria M , Chiam Mathew D F , Lau Chew L , Rupasinghe Thusitha W , Boon Wah C , Turner Bradley J
Published: July 2020

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease targeting motor neurons which shows sexual dimorphism in its incidence, age of onset, and progression rate. All steroid hormones, including androgens, estrogens, and progestogens, have been implicated in modulating ALS. Increasing evidence suggests that steroid hormones provide neuroprotective and neurotrophic support to motor neurons, either directly or via surrounding glial cell interactions, by activating their respective nuclear hormone receptors and initiating transcriptional regulatory responses. The SOD1G93A transgenic mouse also shows sex-specific differences in age of onset and progression, and remains the most widely used model in ALS research. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the influences of steroid hormone signaling in ALS, we systemically characterized sex hormone receptor expression at transcript and protein levels, cellular localization, and the impact of disease course in lumbar spinal cords of male and female SOD1G93A mice. We found that spinal motor neurons highly express nuclear androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ, and progesterone receptor with variations in glial cell expression. AR showed the most robust sex-specific difference in expression and was downregulated in male SOD1G93A mouse spinal cord, in association with depletion in 5α-reductase type 2 isoform, which primarily metabolizes testosterone to 5α-dihydrotestosterone. ERα was highly enriched in reactive astrocytes of SOD1G93A mice and ERβ was strongly upregulated. The 5α-reductase type 1 isoform was upregulated with disease progression and may influence local spinal cord hormone levels. In conclusion, steroid hormone receptor expression is dynamic and cell-type specific in SOD1G93A mice which may provide targets to modulate progression in ALS.
Elimination of Locoregional Recurrences and Skin Metastases in Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Ethanol Ablation and Mohs Surgery
Authors: Iñiguez-Ariza Nicole M , Lee Robert A , Brewer Jerry D , Hay Ian D
Published: July 2020

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol ablation procedures for locoregional recurrences in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) can be repeatedly performed over years. Skin metastases (SM) from PTC generally portend a lethal prognosis. Our patient case report demonstrates the innovative use in low-risk PTC (LRPTC) of treatment modalities designed to prevent neck re-explorations and capable of eliminating both locoregional recurrences and SM. In 2004, a 48-year-old man presented with neck nodal metastases due to PTC. He underwent a near-total thyroidectomy and nodal dissection, confirming an 8-mm PTC involving 2 ipsilateral node metastases. Postoperatively, he received 2 doses of radioactive iodine (RAI) for remnant uptake (cumulative dose 338 mCi); posttherapy scanning was unrevealing. In 2007, he underwent right neck dissection for further node metastases. In 2008, a guided biopsy confirmed a level IV node metastasis. He was referred to our institution for ethanol ablation. Two node metastases were ablated and subsequently disappeared. During 2010-2016, he developed an additional 6 node metastases, which were treated with ethanol ablation; all disappeared on high-resolution sonography. FDG-PET-CT scans in 2009 and 2016 were negative for distant spread. In 2016, a SM in his right neck was removed by dermatologic surgery. In 2017-2018, 2 further SM were excised with negative margins, one after Mohs surgery. He has now been disease-free for 20 months. In conclusion, despite 3 neck surgeries and 2 RAI therapies, our patient repeatedly developed both locoregional recurrences and SM. All 11 disease foci were eliminated with minimally invasive procedures which should more often be considered as effective treatment options in LRPTC.
Quando a democracia transborda a razão neoliberal: uma análise histórica das manifestações de outubro de 2019 no Chile e no Equador
Authors: Ferreira Daniel Henrique da Mota , Rodriguez Vitória Gonzalez
Published: July 2020

O artigo busca entender a intensidade e simultaneidade das manifestações de outubro de 2019 no Chile e no Equador a partir de uma análise que imbrica diferentes temporalidades e escalas. Entendemos que centrar a análise nos estopins do aumento do preço da passagem (Chile) e no Paquetazo (Equador) denota certa miopia. Procura-se olhar para a história política e social recente dos países, bem como para desenvolvimento capitalista na região para encontrar as causas do transbordamento social. Propomos que o internacionalismo e a simultaneidade dos protestos se deve ao esgotamento da razão neoliberal – em governos tanto à esquerda quanto à direita. Defendemos que esse transbordamento é indicativo de mudanças estruturais e no imaginário que podem ganhar corpo e se desenvolver posteriormente.
Os antigos novos rumos da reforma agrária na democracia brasileira: a participação do MST na chegada do PT ao poder
Authors: Ferraz João Felipe de Almeida
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho é uma parte do projeto de pesquisa para o mestrado acadêmico no Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) de Marília. Nele, é proposta uma reflexão sobre as formas de participação política do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-terra (MST) no início do século XXI. O primeiro mandato de Lula da Silva (2003-2006), do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), que aparentava compartilhar da base político-ideológica do Movimento, não atingiu as expectativas criadas pelos grupos defensores de uma ampla reforma agrária. A pretensão é mostrar que, apesar da reforma agrária ter atingido um nível de debate nacional, a representação política dessa agenda no poder executivo não foi capaz de promover o pleno acesso à terra.
Public policy, public utility and citizens: The impact of privatization
Authors: Λαμπροπούλου (Manto Lampropoulou) Μαντώ
Published: July 2020

Over the past two decades, utilities policy in Greece has been steadily shifting towards privatization and liberalization. This shift signified a critical reconsideration of the boundaries and the dynamics of the relationship between the state and the market in network industries. Public debate usually focuses on issues of ownership of public enterprises and economic performance. On the contrary, this book places the emphasis on the socio-economic implications of utilities policy for citizens. A key issue is the impact of privatization on the relationship between government (state), public enterprises (market) and citizens (society). The study covers the period from the post-war state monopolies to the current circumstances of mixed/private ownership of public enterprises and liberalized markets. The main questions addressed in this book are the following: What is the rationale (legitimization) for government intervention in the utilities sector? What are the politics of nationalization and privatization? How different policy contexts affect the institutional, organizational and regulatory framework of the utilities sector? Who are the key-stakeholders and policy actors? What is the role of citizens? What is the (re)distribution of utilities policy costs and benefits among stakeholders?
Genomic evidence of multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions into Morocco
Authors: Chaouni Bouchra , Allali Imane , Sehli Sofia , Rhalem Wajih , Idrissi Azami Abdellah , Habib Nihal , Hamdi Salsabil , Wakrim Lahcen , Bakkali Abderrahmane , Mahmoud Mustapha , Bouguenouch Laila , Al Idrissi Najib , Bakri Youssef , Amzazi Saaïd , Barrijal Said , Ghazal Hassan
Published: July 2020

Background: The recent emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused serious public health concerns due to its rapid dissemination worldwide. A total of 8,931 positive cases had been reported in Morocco by the 16th of June 2020.

Methods: To better understand the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in this North African country, we analyzed the complete genome sequences of the virus related to Morocco by constructing a phylogenetic tree and creating a variant network using the available Moroccan and other sequences in dedicated databases.

Results: Phylogenetic and variant network analyses of SARS-CoV-2 strains from early patients with COVID-19 in Morocco showed multiple spatiotemporal introductions from Italy (ten), France (seven), Spain (one) and Portugal (one). This is consistent with the assumption that the early infections in Morocco were imported, mainly from Europe. The 17 virus strains form two independent phylogenetic clusters and provide evidence for early community-based transmission following the initial introductions of the virus. We then catalogued 13 novel mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Moroccan patients. Interestingly, the recurrent missense variant A>G at position 23,403 in the spike gene, known to be associated with virus severity, has been identified in all Moroccan isolates.

Conclusions: These primary findings testify of the importance of the genomic surveillance strategies as a means of understanding the virus spread dynamics, counteracting the pandemic outbreak, and drawing useful lessons for dealing with any future emerging infectious pathogens.
When Risk Perception Gets in the Way: Probability Weighting and Underprevention
Authors: Baillon Aurélien , Bleichrodt Han , Emirmahmutoglu Aysil , Jaspersen Johannes , Peter Richard
Published: July 2020

Prevention efforts, such as quitting smoking, flu vaccination, and exercising, are of crucial importance in health policy, but people tend to undertake too few of them. The main reason is that most prevention efforts only reduce but do not completely eliminate the risk of poor health. This makes it harder for people to assess the benefits of prevention, because they tend to misperceive and transform probabilities. In “When Risk Perception Gets in the Way: Probability Weighting and Underprevention,” Baillon et al. introduce psychological insights (probability weighting) in a model of optimal decision making and show that most people undertake too little prevention when the risk of poor health is between 10% and 80%. The paper discusses several policy measures to make people spend more on prevention.
Did you know flowers adapt to survive?
Authors: Connell Rosie
Published: July 2020

Rosie Connell says dental nurses have always been the experts, which is why it is time for them to lead the way into the ‘new normal’ in the phased return to work
Restoring the confidence
Authors: Ojak Amber
Published: July 2020

How do we ensure effective and positive communication with patients in a COVID-19 world? Amber Ojak considers the way forward
A light at the end of the tunnel
Authors: Woodward Dawn
Published: July 2020

Dawn Woodward reveals how to find the positives as we enter a new normal
Methylene blue-filled biodegradable polymer particles as a contrast agent for optical coherence tomography
Authors: Palma-Chavez Jorge A. , Kim Wihan , Serafino Michael , Jo Javier A. , Charoenphol Phapanin , Applegate Brian E.
Published: July 2020

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images largely lack molecular information or molecular contrast. We address that issue here, reporting on the development of biodegradable micro and nano-spheres loaded with methylene blue (MB) as molecular contrast agents for OCT. MB is a constituent of FDA approved therapies and widely used as a dye in off-label clinical applications. The sequestration of MB within the polymer reduced toxicity and improved signal strength by drastically reducing the production of singlet oxygen and leuco-MB. The former leads to tissue damage and the latter to reduced image contrast. The spheres are also strongly scattering which improves molecular contrast signal localization and enhances signal strength. We demonstrate that these contrast agents may be imaged using both pump-probe OCT and photothermal OCT, using a 830 nm frequency domain OCT system and a 1.3 µm swept source OCT system. We also show that these contrast agents may be functionalized and targeted to specific receptors, e.g. the VCAM receptor known to be overexpressed in inflammation.
Survivable virtual network mapping with content connectivity against multiple link failures in optical metro networks
Authors: Le Giap , Ferdousi Sifat , Marotta Andrea , Xu Sugang , Hirota Yusuke , Awaji Yoshinari , Tornatore Massimo , Mukherjee Biswanath
Published: July 2020

Network connectivity, i.e., the reachability of any network node from all other nodes, is often considered as the default network survivability metric against failures. However, in the case of a large-scale disaster disconnecting multiple network components, network connectivity may not be achievable. On the other hand, with the shifting service paradigm towards the cloud in today’s networks, most services can still be provided as long as at least a content replica is available in all disconnected network partitions. As a result, the concept of content connectivity has been introduced as a new network survivability metric under a large-scale disaster. Content connectivity is defined as the reachability of content from every node in a network under a specific failure scenario. In this work, we investigate how to ensure content connectivity in optical metro networks. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions and develop what we believe to be a novel mathematical formulation to map a virtual network over a physical network such that content connectivity for the virtual network is ensured against multiple link failures in the physical network. In our numerical results, obtained under various network settings, we compare the performance of mapping with content connectivity and network connectivity and show that mapping with content connectivity can guarantee higher survivability, lower network bandwidth utilization, and significant improvement of service availability.
Sub-surface modifications in silicon with ultra-short pulsed lasers above 2  µm
Authors: Richter Roland A. , Tolstik Nikolai , Rigaud Sebastien , Valle Paul Dalla , Erbe Andreas , Ebbinghaus Petra , Astrauskas Ignas , Kalashnikov Vladimir , Sorokin Evgeni , Sorokina Irina T.
Published: July 2020

Nonlinear optical phenomena in silicon such as self-focusing and multi-photon absorption are strongly dependent on the wavelength, energy, and duration of the exciting pulse, especially for wavelengths

>

2

µ

m

. We investigate the sub-surface modification of silicon using ultra-short pulsed lasers at wavelengths in the range of 1950–2400 nm, at a pulse duration between 2 and 10 ps and pulse energy varying from 1 µJ to 1 mJ. We perform numerical simulations and experiments using fiber-based lasers built in-house that operate in this wavelength range for the surface and sub-surface processing of Si-wafers. The results are compared to the literature data at 1550 nm. Due to a dip in the nonlinear absorption spectrum and a peak in the spectrum of the third-order nonlinearity, the wavelengths between 2000 and 2200 nm prove to be more favorable for creating sub-surface modifications in silicon. This is the case even though those wavelengths do not allow as tight focusing as those at 1550 nm. This is compensated for by an increased self-focusing due to the nonlinear Kerr-effect around 2100 nm at high light intensities, characteristic for ultra-short pulses.
Bias-free source-independent quantum random number generator
Authors: Zheng Ziyong , Zhang Yichen , Huang Min , Chen Ziyang , Yu Song , Guo Hong
Published: July 2020

A bias-free source-independent quantum random number generator scheme based on the measurement of vacuum fluctuation is proposed to realize the effective elimination of system bias and common mode noise introduced by the local oscillator. Optimal parameter settings are derived to avoid the system recording two canonically conjugate quadratures simultaneously in each measurement. In particular, it provides a new approach to investigate the performance difference between measuring two quadratures of equal and unequal intensity. It is experimentally demonstrated that the system supports 4.2 Gbps bias-free source-independent random number generation, where its common mode rejection ratio reaches 61.17 dB. Furthermore, the scheme offers an all-optical method facilitating the integration of source-independent quantum random number generators into compact chips.
300 GHz wave generation based on a Kerr microresonator frequency comb stabilized to a low noise microwave reference
Authors: Tetsumoto Tomohiro , Ayano Fumiya , Yeo Mark , Webber Julian , Nagatsuma Tadao , Rolland Antoine
Published: July 2020

In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate low noise 300 GHz wave generation based on a Kerr microresonator frequency comb operating in the soliton regime. The spectral purity of a 10 GHz GPS-disciplined dielectric resonant oscillator is transferred to the 300 GHz repetition rate frequency of the soliton comb through an optoelectronic phase-locked loop. Two adjacent comb lines beat on a uni-traveling carrier photodiode emitting the 300 GHz millimeter-wave signal into a waveguide. In an out-of-loop measurement, we measure the 300 GHz power spectral density of phase noise to be

−

88

d
B
c

/

H
z

,

−

105

d
B
c

/

H
z

at 10 kHz, and 1 MHz Fourier frequency, respectively. Phase-locking error instability reaches

2
×

10

−
15

at 1 s averaging time. Such a system provides a promising path to the realization of compact, low power consumption millimeter-wave oscillators with low noise performance for out-of-the-laboratory applications.
Digitalisierung als Grundlage wertvoller Zusammenarbeit – Die Gestaltung von Service-Ökosystemen in den personennahen Dienstleistungen
Authors: Fischer Simon , Lux Anna , Guerrero Ricardo , Ahmad Rangina , Lohrenz Lisa , Lattemann Christoph
Published: July 2020

Die Erwartungen von Kunden an Sach- und Dienstleistungen haben sich verändert. Einerseits stellen sie höhere Anforderungen in Bezug auf Qualität, Komfort und Personalisierung. Andererseits möchten sie gestaltend zur Erreichung dieser Werte beitragen. Um weiterhin am Markt konkurrieren zu können, müssen Unternehmen traditionelle Kunden- und Anbieterrollen ebenso hinter sich lassen, wie die Vorstellung, dass sie im Alleingang Innovationen schaffen zu können. Service-Ökosysteme werden in diesem Kontext zum Schlüssel innovativer Wertangebote und führen aktuelle Trends der Dienstleistungsentwicklung zusammen. In Symbiose mit digitalen Technologien werden sie zu einem attraktiven Instrument für die Schaffung von losen, heterogenen Partnernetzwerken, die gemeinsam innovative Dienstleistungen entwickeln und anbieten. Anhand von acht Fallbeispielen zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag auf, wie auch Unternehmen aus dem Bereich der personennahen Dienstleistungen dieses Instrument zur Aktivierung des eigenen Digitalisierungspotenzials heranziehen können. Einen Rahmen zur vergleichenden Analyse und Gestaltung kann hierbei die ‚Service Canvas‘, der vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderten Begleitforschung BeDien, bieten. Betrachtungspunkte wie Individualisierung, Integration, Kollaboration und Digitale Services decken Stärken, Schwerpunkte und Entwicklungspotenziale von Service-Ökosystemen auf und geben so Anhaltspunkte, wie sich Digitalisierung als Grundlage für die Zusammenarbeit zielgerichtet einsetzen lässt.
Comer imágenes, digerir pensamientos: De la estética a la digestión de las imágenes en el campo de la educación
Authors: Gaspar García Leticia
Published: July 2020

Los contenidos visuales tienen una presencia creciente en nuestra sociedad, pero no les hemos prestado la atención que precisan; de hecho, la asunción acrítica de su significación es una constante. El campo de la educación, en sus diferentes niveles y sectores, tiene pendiente poner en marcha, y de manera generalizada, herramientas para el análisis crítico de las imágenes. Los contenidos ideológicos de estos productos pasan desapercibidos en cuanto a su configuración semántica. Es decir, los valores implícitos en dichas representaciones se asumen sin el ejercicio de la razón, configurando unos imaginarios compartidos que, con frecuencia, adolecen de sentido reflexivo. De esta forma, las ideologías patriarcales, androcéntricas y heterosexistas son asumidas de forma colectiva en forma de prejuicios, obviando, por lo general, esa complicidad necesaria que exige su funcionar.
Performatividad en la academia: Una aproximación genealógica al concepto de escritura performativa y a su uso en el relato de la investigación basada en artes
Authors: Gómez-Urda González Félix
Published: July 2020

Este artículo es una aproximación epistemológica al concepto de escritura performativa, forma narrativa considerada aquí como tecnología para dar cuenta de los resultados de la Investigación Basada en Artes. El origen de este tipo de escritura lo situamos en las reflexiones sobre los enunciados performativos del filósofo John L. Austin y en las sucesivas réplicas y tensiones que sus ideas han encontrado en la filosofía, en la sociología, en la antropología y en el arte. El artículo ofrece una genealogía del concepto y sugiere respuestas a preguntas problemáticas en el ámbito de la investigación artística como ¿qué es la performatividad? o ¿Qué elementos caracterizan la escritura performativa y qué papel desempeña en el contexto de las metodologías de Investigación Basada en Artes?
La industria 4.0 y las nuevas formas de trabajar: una perspectiva desde el caso mexicano en tiempos del COVID 19
Authors: Pérez Emmanuel López
Published: July 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las nuevas formas de trabajar y su protección social a raíz de la industria 4.0 desde una perspectiva mexicana haciendo énfasis en los tiempos del COVID-19.Las tecnologías han cambiado la forma de concebir y desarrollar la vida de las personas donde el trabajo no es ajeno a ello, estas tecnologías han permitido desempeñar nuevas formas de trabajar que con anterioridad no se habían implementado y actualmente han cobrando fuerza por la pandemia generada por el virus COVID-19.En ese contexto, este trabajo se desarrollará mediante el uso del método sistemático a través de tres subsistemas; nuevas formas de trabajar en la industria 4.0; trabajo en México y COVID-19 y la construcción de un piso de protección social frente la industria 4.0. Por último se establecen las reflexiones finales del trabajo así como las fuentes de investigación.
A DANÇA NA ESCOLA: UMA PERSPECTIVA DOS PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: De Souza Júlia Caldeira , Lessa Helena Thofehrn , Portella Elisa Gouvêa , Brizio Maria Laura Resem
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo objetiva verificar se os professores licenciados em Educação Física (EF) incluem o ensino da dança no seu plano de ensino escolar. Para atender aos objetivos propostos pelo estudo, optou-se pela utilização de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. A amostra do estudo foi composta por seis professores de EF, que participaram de uma entrevista semiestruturada, abordando questões sobre o seu perfil, suas aulas de EF e principalmente sobre o seu trabalho com a dança. Foi encontrado que cinco dos seis professores entrevistados não trabalhavam com a dança nas aulas de EF e o principal motivo mencionado foi que a graduação não forneceu base para os professores conseguirem trabalhar com a dança na escola.
AVALIAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM: CONCEPÇÕES PEDAGÓGICAS DE PROFESSORES DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO EDUCACIONAL DO SUL DE RONDÔNIA
Authors: Silva dos Reis Jucimar , Aparecida Almeida Katiane , Maria de Queiroz Ozenilda , Cândida Gurgel Maria
Published: July 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as concepções de um grupo de professores de uma instituição educacional de Chupinguaia, ao sul do estado de Rondônia, sobre tópicos relativos à avaliação da aprendizagem. Para coletar os dados, utilizaram-se questionários, aplicados a quinze docentes de uma instituição educacional da localidade supracitada. O instrumento foi aplicado na segunda quinzena do mês de março de 2018, contendo dados de identificação do perfil dos professores e questões voltadas para verificação das concepções dos mesmos em relação a tópicos sobre o processo avaliativo. Os resultados indicam que os professores pesquisados apresentam boa compreensão sobre o processo avaliativo, porém, há tópicos em que uma parcela significativa apresentou algumas lacunas teóricas. O tópico em que os professores mais apresentaram divergências de opiniões foi sobre a avaliação ser um processo rigoroso de acompanhamento da aprendizagem e desenvolvimento dos alunos, no qual 53,33% deles concordaram com esta ideia e 46,66% apresentaram discordância. Assim, sugere-se que a gestão escolar promova cursos de formação continuada com os professores pesquisados sobre a temática da avaliação da aprendizagem escolar.
PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA FRANQUEADOS A PROGRAMAS DE AULAS PRÉ-COREOGRAFADAS: MOTIVAÇÕES, RELAÇÕES COM A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL E ATUAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Oliveira Elina , Freitas Gustavo
Published: July 2020

Resumo: Alinhado à expansão do número de academias de ginástica no Brasil, surgiu um novo produto no mercado do fitness: as franquias de programas de aulas pré-coreografadas. Diante desse cenário, o artigo buscou identificar o que leva um professor de Educação Física a se tornar um franqueado, bem como discutir possíveis interfaces entre sua atuação profissional e a formação inicial. Entrevistas foram realizadas com cinco profissionais de Educação Física com formação em licenciatura, franqueados a um programa de aulas pré-coreografadas e atuantes com a modalidade a que são franqueados no momento da pesquisa. Concluímos que as principais motivações para se tornar um franqueado são o gosto pessoal pela dança, as experiências sociocorporais anteriores à formação inicial, o suporte fornecido pela franquia e o marketing disponibilizado pela mesma. Isto afeta a atuação profissional no sentido de sua responsabilização por se manter atualizado e atuante no mercado recrutando um público-alvo.
MULHERES NO ESPORTE: O COMEÇO DO PORTAL ESPNW NO BRASIL
Authors: Lima Fernando Godinho , Magalhães Joanalira Corpes
Published: July 2020

O artigo analisa o começo do portal ESPNW no Brasil, discutindo as questões relacionadas às mulheres no esporte. Fundamentamos este estudo a partir do campo teórico dos estudos culturais e de gênero, nas suas vertentes pós-estruturalistas. O material empírico compreende o portal ESPNW e o seu vídeo de divulgação “Invisible Players”. Para as análises utilizamos as noções de modos de endereçamento. Entendemos que o portal ESPNW emerge de algumas questões de gênero presentes historicamente nos esportes e da falta de espaço de discussão para estas temáticas. O vídeo Invisible Players apresenta uma série de estratégias para demonstrar a falta de reconhecimento e visibilidade das mulheres no esporte e estabelece um modo de endereçamento para pessoas ligadas a este assunto. Neste artigo percebemos que o portal ESPNW provoca certas rupturas em relação ao espaço que a mulher ocupa no esporte.
Migrar é preciso: as questões ambientais e as migrações na produção de um curta em um curso de pedagogia
Authors: Brandão Rebeca Silva Rosa , Rodrigues Maria do Carmo De Morais Mata , Toja Noale
Published: July 2020

A migração é uma das questões globais que atingem todos os países no mundo, pois a mobilidade humana acontece desde sempre em nosso planeta e seguirá acontecendo. As razões para tais movimentações são inúmeras – guerras, perseguições políticas, étnicas etc. Nesse artigo visamos à migração em função das razões climáticas que alguns chamam de “migrações ambientais”. Interessa-nos, em especial, aquelas provocadas pela seca no nordeste brasileiro, causando “êxodos rurais”. A busca por melhores condições de vida e de trabalho teve como destino principalmente o sudeste, deixando uma marca cultural da presença desses nordestinos no sudeste e um importante fio na rede de ‘conhecimentossignificações’ cotidianos. Estes são evidenciados na produção de um curta com estudantes de pedagogia de uma universidade da capital fluminense.
O Movimento Negro enunciado em corporeidades, estéticas e histórias: construções e reconstruções sinestésicas por meio do filme Abolição no curso de Pedagogia.
Authors: Paz da Rosa Fábio José
Published: July 2020

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo problematizar a construção e a reconstrução de imagéticas por meio do filme Abolição (1988), de Zózimo Bulbul, por meio das categorias corpóreas, estéticas e históricas enunciadas por diversas personagens integrantes do Movimento Negro em uma perspectiva decolonial no curso de pedagogia de uma universidade estadual localizada na Baixada Fluminense. Para isso utilizamos a metodologia da videoinstalação, com o intuito de relacionar os conhecimentos estéticos e históricos às corporeidades das estudantes-espectadoras. O resultado da experiência suscitou práticas sinestésicas que proporcionaram novas reflexões para o currículo e didática do curso de formação de professoras, voltadas às ressignificações das epistemologias afro-brasileiras.
Emergência e urgências dos artivismos de(s)coloniais: o ato ‘‘nosso luto, nossa luta’’ por Brumadinho (Minas Gerais)
Authors: De Lucas Carlos Henrique , Rocha Carlana Faria , Alós Anselmo Peres
Published: July 2020

Este ensaio se propõe a discutir o que nomeia de artivismo de(s)colonial. Fusão de arte, ativismo e protesto, os artivismos de(s)coloniais, sugere-se no ensaio, emergem no cenário dos acontecimentos com toda a força subversiva do combate às injustiças sociais e às desigualdades, em especial àquelas calcadas em ecos coloniais. O trabalho em tela, com o auxílio de Michel Foucault (2013), debruça-se sobre as condições de emergência dos artivismos de(s)coloniais, analisando, para isso, o ato-performance “Nosso Luto, Nossa Luta”, que teve lugar no dia 21 de abril de 2019,no alto da Serra da Moeda (Minas Gerais). Encenado por diversas pessoas, o ato buscou não apenas chamar a atenção para o terrível episódio de Brumadinho, mas, e sobretudo, destacar os ecos coloniais implicados tanto no trágico acontecimento como também em seus desdobramentos. O texto vale-se das memórias do artivista que, além de atuar no ato, se responsabilizou pela direção e coreografia do espetáculo/acontecimento.
Matisse agora é uma menina e mora em Nova Iguaçu: Imagens que pensam o cotidiano escolar
Authors: Berino Aristóteles De Paula , Viana Yasmin Do Nascimento
Published: July 2020

A partir da visita a uma exposição do artista moderno Henri Matisse, o artigo percorre a comunicação trocada em uma rede social entre um professor e uma graduada em Pedagogia, para dar um sentido político e estético a três imagens encontradas em um banheiro feminino de uma escola pública da Baixada Fluminense/RJ. Paulo Freire e Etienne Samain são utilizados, respectivamente, como referência para uma concepção estética da educação e uma compreensão das imagens como objetos pensantes, o que nos permite admitir, no caso estudado, a pichação escolar como criação e emergência do gênero para uma nova vista da vida nas escolas e outro reconhecimento dos educados, como também artistas e políticos que interpelam o seu tempo.
Lugares invisíveis: imagens de resistências de mulheres migrantes
Authors: Amorim Denize Aparecida Rodrigues de , Simione Roberta Moraes , SATO Michèle
Published: July 2020

Este artigo objetiva apresentar imagens de migração de mulheres migrantes via interpretação de suas percepções inscritas nas invenções do seu cotidiano como táticas de resistência. À luz da Educação Ambiental, adotamos neste artigo a metodologia Cartografia do Imaginário com o propósito de interpretar as imagens poéticas existentes no fazer fenomenológico bachelardiano e com ela espera-se que seja possível entrever caminhos que resistam ao racismo, discriminação e a xenofobia. Contudo, cientes das contradições, invisibilidade e lugares de silêncio que tal grupo está inserido, procuraremos trazer à tona discussões sobre promoção de políticas públicas para mulheres, a partir do lugar de fala das migrantes, em interface com a Justiça Climática e Direitos Humanos. Narrativas individuais que evidenciam o colapso climático também serão consideradas e evidenciados neste trabalho.
Palavras-chave: Migração. Educação Ambiental. Políticas Públicas.
Glandular and Cystic Bladder Cystitis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Darouichi M.
Published: July 2020

Glandular-cystic bladder cystitis is a rare, benign non-tumor condition, preferentially located on the area of the bladder trigone and can simulate a malignant tumor. It is a benign reactive metaplasia of the bladder submucosa, characterized by hyperplasia of the islets of Von Brunn and cystic. It is classified among reactive epithelial anomalies of the urothelium, such as islet hyperplasia of Von Brünn, cystitis, glandular cystitis, nephrogenic metaplasia and epidermoid metaplasia.

It presents a clinical diagnostic challenge having the expression of a simple recurrent cystitis and misleading the radiological diagnosis evoking a malignant tumor of the bladder. Its certainty diagnosis is histological. We report the case of a 38-year-old young man who consulted for recurrent cystitis. The CT scan showed a vegetative tissue structure of the middle and left medial vesical floor, sawtooth 3 cm long axis suspecting a tumor of the bladder. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the bladder lesion. The histological and immunohistochemical examination concluded with glandular and cystic cystitis (minor form). In the light of this observation, we will discuss the diagnostic difficulties, the pathophysiological mechanisms, the radiological aspects, the anatomopathological, therapeutic features and the prognosis of this rare condition.

The literature regarding this entity has been reviewed and the differential diagnosis was discussed.