bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of endometriosis: How far have we come and where are we going?
Authors: Janša Vid , Osredkar Joško , Vrtačnik Bokal Eda , Lanišnik Rižner Tea , Ban Frangež Helena
Published: June 2021

Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disease that is characterized by endometrium-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Endometriosis significantly compromises the quality of life of women and is a major cause of infertility. The gold standard for diagnosis of endometriosis is visual inspection by laparoscopy, which significantly prolongs the time to final diagnosis. This lack of non-invasive diagnostic approaches is why the discovery of biomarkers for endometriosis has been defined as a research priority. In this report, we describe hypothesis-driven and hypothesis-generating approaches for biomarker discovery, along with some important potential biomarkers of endometriosis and their diagnostic characteristics, sensitivities, and specificities. Finally, we present our perspective on the discovery of biomarkers for endometriosis, and discuss some results from our previous and more recent studies. Future studies must focus on improving patient quality of life rather than on discovering significant differences, and therefore close collaboration between clinicians and pre-clinical researchers is essential.
KEY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES OF INDUSTRY 4.0
Authors: Stupar Savo , Kurtović Emir , Bičo Ćar Mirha
Published: June 2021

In the last ten years, three new information technologies have emerged, representing the realization of old (by the time of emergence) theoretical concepts, but new in creativity and innovation, as well as incredible potential for the realization of revolutionary ideas and changes in all areas of human activity, which by one name they call 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0. They are: Big Data Analytics technology, Cloud Computing and Blockchain technology. Each of them individually represents the realization of new paradigms of computer data processing, which could not be practically implemented until the development of information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, Web applications, new operating systems, network technologies, mobile telephony, technologies of advancement of hardware performances, internet of things, etc. The primary aim of this paper is to get acquainted with the characteristics of these technologies and their potentials, their advantages and disadvantages in relation to traditional technologies, identification of areas and ways of their both current and future applications. The ultimate goal is to explain the incredible potential of these technologies, creating the foundation for their combined application in the creation of new Industry 4.0 products, which should result in a synergistic effect.
CORPORATE AND SOVEREIGN FINANCING IN THE EUROBOND MARKET: SOME KEY ISSUES
Authors: Pobrić Nermina
Published: June 2021

In this article the author considers the previous importance of the Eurobond market for corporate and sovereign financing, corporate and sovereign Eurobonds issuing process, as well as costs and effects of corporate and sovereign financing in the Eurobond market. These four issues associated with corporate and sovereign financing in the Eurobond market are studied through exposing the relevant theoretical knowledge and results of empirical research. According to author’s findings, in developed countries the Eurobond market is more important for corporate than for sovereign financing. On the contrary, in developing countries the Eurobond market is more important for sovereign than for corporate financing. Most theoretical attitudes associated with the influence of different factors are grouped in three categories: issue characteristics, market factors and macroeconomic factors, as well as the influence of contagion on the cost of sovereign and corporate financing in the Eurobond market were empirically confirmed. Benefits of corporateandsovereignfinancingintheEurobondmarketare certainly large and risks can successfully be managed.
Diabetes Mellitus and Epilepsy: A Comparative Quality of Life Study
Authors: Fountouki Antigoni , Kotrotsiou Styliani , Paralikas Theodosios , Theofanidis Dimitrios
Published: June 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus and epilepsy are two of the most frequent, chronic diseases affecting many millions of people around the world. Both diseases can cause long-term and acute complications that adversely affect the sufferers’ lives. Objective: The purpose was to compare the quality of life (QoL) of patients suffering from diabetes or epilepsy in relation to the general population in Greece. Methodology: A matched-control prospective design was used with a sample consisting of three sub-groups (i.e., 30 patients with diabetes, 30 with epilepsy, and 30 healthy volunteers) matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Data were collected through SF-36. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS v.21 and both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. The x2, the Mann–Whitney, and the Kruskal–Wallis test were employed for group comparisons at a significance level of <0.05. Results: The sample’s mean age was 52 years, range 48–65, and the majority was women (i.e., 60). There were no statistically significant differences among the three subcategories for an educational level or income level for the three sub-groups (P < 0.05). The mean SF-36 scores per domain for each group are as follows: Diabetes: Mean: 48.46, SD =15.83, Median: 50.2, Mode: 70.6. For Epilepsy Mean: 52.92, SD =17.37, Median: 52.7, Mode: 81.6 and Healthy volunteers Mean: 70.47, SD =14.97, Median: 69, Mode: 86.6. Thus, the general population has a higher mean, that is, 70.47 compared to diabetics 48.46 and epileptics 52.92. All comparisons were statistically significant (P < 0.05) except for the Pain, Health Vitality, and Mental Health domains (P > 0.05). Discussion: The findings highlight the impact of both diabetes and epilepsy on the QoL in Greece. Patients with DM may feel challenged by their disease and the tiring daily management of their medication and lifestyle changes. Similarly, patients with epilepsy are facing daily anxiety and practical difficulties related to their diagnosis. Both patent groups carry the constant stress of not knowing of when their condition will manifest itself with either a seizure or a hypo/hyperglycemic reaction. Conclusions: Results have shown that the general population has a better QoL than diabetic and epileptic patients. Of course, we should bear in mind that the difference in results between the three categories of the sample is minimal; thus, there is no difference in the QoL of diabetics and epileptics in the general population.
Capability of Vetiver (Vetiveria Zizanioides), Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum) and Organic Manures to Remove Total Hydrocarbon and Heavy Metals from Crude Oil Contaminated Soil in Port Harcourt
Authors: Chukwumati J. A. , Kamalu O. J.
Published: June 2021

In a field study conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Rivers State University PortHarcourt, Nigeria, to examine the ability of vetiver and guinea grasses amended with organic manures in remediation of crude oil polluted soil; soil polluted with Bonny light crude oil at 0 and 2% v/w was subjected to a remediation processes using vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) and Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) amended with organic manures for a period of twelve months. Two weeks after pollution, poultry and rabbit manures were applied at 0, 10, 20 and 30 tons per hectare respectively. Vetiver and guinea grasses were planted two weeks later.  It was fitted in factorial split plots randomized block design.  Results of the study revealed that remediation of the soil with grasses degraded the Total hydrocarbon content (THC) to 23 and 21.2% for vetiver and guinea grass respectively, while the quantity of heavy metals removed from the soil were 28.4% and 25.9% for iron, 37.3 and 32.8% for zinc, 35.8 and 30.8% for lead (Pb) and 23.1 and 38.5% cadmium for vetiver and guinea grass respectively. Amendment of the soil with 30 tons’ /ha organic manures increased the quantity of THC degraded to 70.6% and 67.9% for vetiver and guinea grass respectively while the concentration/quantity of heavy metals removed from the soil increased to 58.4 and 54.7% for Fe, 66.9 and 65.1% for Zn, 69.4 and 66.6% for Pb and 80.8 and 71.2%, in Cd for vetiver and guinea grass respectively. The quantity and concentration of THC and heavy metals degraded in the soil was higher in vetiver than guinea grass plots and in vetiver amended with poultry manure than in guinea grass amended with rabbit manure. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in uptake of THC and heavy metals in plant tissues between vetiver and guinea grass. Vetiver accumulated more of the contaminants in their tissues than guinea grass. Amendment of the soil with organic manures reduced the uptake of the contaminants (THC and heavy metals) from the plant tissues. Generally, both grasses have the capability to remediate crude oil contaminated soil. Augmentation of the two grasses with organic manures enhanced their capability.
The Utilization of Rusip's Local Culture as a Distanced Learning Media in Biological Lessons
Authors: Ghazi M Ikhsan Al , Qomariyah Nurul , Subiantoro Agung Wijaya , Ariyanti Nur Aeni
Published: June 2021

Aims: This study aims to explore the possibility of Rusip as a medium for distance learning in biology subjects.

Study design:  The research method used the literature review method.

Place and duration of study: Indonesia, between February 2021 and May 2021.

Methodology: In this study, researchers searched works of literature from multiple data search engines, namely research gate, google scholar, and Mendeley website. The keywords used to search for relevant documents are typing the word rusip, biology, learning media.

Results: The results showed that 1) the use of rusip as a media for learning biology is more suitable for teaching materials that contain the theme of fermentation; 2) the rusip learning media can be presented as an e-module which predominantly presents a complete picture and description of each step in the making of rusip.

Conclusion: The rusip’s local culture can be developed to be learning media in biological lesson
Government Expenditure and its Effect on the Industrial Sector in Nigeria
Authors: Ozuzu Sydney , Isukul Araniyar
Published: June 2021

This study examined the effect of government expenditure on the growth of the industrial sector in Nigeria. A regression analysis was applied in the analysis of the data. The study found that government capital expenditure has positive and significant effect on the industrial sector; tax has positive and significant effect on the industrial sector; monetary policy rate has positive and significant effect on the growth of the industrial sector, while real interest rate has a negative and no significant effect on the growth of the industrial sector. From the findings, we conclude that government policy has significant effect on the growth of the Nigerian industrial sector. It recommends that government fiscal policies such as public expending should be directed toward improving the quality of infrastructures in the country, especially the power sector, so that the cost of production can reduce. Government should examine should create an enabling environment with the right infrastructure, improve the security situation and reduce the epileptic power supply related issues. Also, government should examine its monetary policy variables such as interest rate and monetary policy rate. Furthermore, to promote growth, government should develop the industrial sectors of the economy through its capital expenditure.
Advocacy for Ecological Education in Romania Under the Information and Knowledge Society
Authors: Cioruța Bogdan-Vasile , Mesaroș Marius , Coman Mirela , Pop Alexandru Leonard
Published: June 2021

Much has been written about ecological education, the term is associated with both sustainable development and the current principles of the Information and Knowledge Society. At the same time, proenvironmental education is intensely focused on developing the personality of today's students, the future active citizens of the community. In this sense, to show that the concern for the implementation and adoption of ecological education in the Romanian education system is a special one, we chose to synthesize and present a series of opinions, of those with concerns in the field, regarding the role and importance of education. ecological for the individual and implicitly for the community. Starting from the international level, where bodies such as the EU, UNESCO, UNEP, and FEM promote this approach, we came to interpret the vision of the Romanian education system, which more and more often, lately, transposes the principles of ecology applied in schools and communities. Also, the documentation of the study is based on papers and opinions from 2018-2021, associated with the activities of teachers, especially those in the pre-university environment. The summary of these interpretations and opinions shows that although environmental education still has a long way to go at the national level compared to other EU countries, there are still a lot of people and projects that support environmental education. All these elements show that we need such training, in the spirit of sustainable development of communities and in the harmonious development of the young generations of digital citizens.
Study of Some Morphometric and Meristic Traits of Chirru Snowtrout (Schizothorax esocinus) from River Jhelum, Kashmir, India
Authors: Shafi Bisma , Shah T. H. , Bhat F. A. , Bhat B. A. , Abubakr A. , Asimi O. A. , Gul Sobia , Hafiz Zaib , -Arab Nafath-ul
Published: June 2021

A study was conducted to analyze morphological characteristics of a Schizothoracid species: Schizothorax esocinus collected from three sites of river Jhelum in Kashmir. S. esocinus is locally known as “Churru” and forms an important food element of the local population., Schizothorax esocinus is one of the most important species in the genus Schizothorax and it has continued to contribute immensely to the nutritional needs, economic growth and development of the Kashmir valley. Furthermore, this fish is very sensitive to any environmental changes so it acts as bioindicator of aquatic pollution. A total of 180 samples were taken for the study of the morphometric and meristic characters utilzing ethnic fishing gears. Thirteen conventional morphometric characters examined in the present study, showed high co-efficient of determination (R2) values ranging from 0.55 to 0.91 for district Srinagar from 0.56 to 0.92 for district Anantnag, and 0.56 to 0.98 for district Baramulla signifying that the traits were highly correlated to each other. Out of six meristic characters examined, two characters were not remarkably different (p>0.05). The fin formula of S. esocinus was devised as D, I + 5-10, P, I + 7-11, C, I + 15-23, A, I + 3-7, LL, 55-170. This study is purely aimed at studying the morphology and meristics of S. esocinus and not at estimating the length-weight relationship or condition factor.
Evaluation of the Knowledge Enhancement and Impact of Tele Mentoring on Liver Care, Using ECHO Platform on Nursing Professionals in India
Authors: Syed Sabin , Rastogi Aayushi , Keshan Pranav , Kumar Vinay , Kumar Ashish , Kumar Arpit , Bansal Akanksha
Published: June 2021

Aims: The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the one-day training program on liver care among nursing professionals using online training platform of ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes). The study also aimed to assess the impact of one-day training program on liver care on their attitude and practice at least after four months.

Study Design: Pre-post design

Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences New Delhi and 26th March 2019 till 22nd February 2020.

Methodology: A one-day training program titled “Approach to patients with liver diseases” on management of liver infections for nursing professionals was conducted. An online link for KAP and Pre-post knowledge assessment questionnaire consisting 32 (KAP) questions was shared with all registered participants. Same Knowledge questionnaire consisting 19 questions was shared with the participants after training. Four months after training impact assessment was conducted by sharing the online link with the participants of the conducted program. The data was extracted in MS excel. The continuous variable was presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) or median and Inter quartile range (IQR) as appropriate. The categorical variable was presented as frequency and percentages. Paired t-test was used to assess the difference in pre and post knowledge assessment. For performing the requisite analysis, knowledge score was divided as poor-to-moderate (<66.67%) and Good (≥66.67%). The analysis was performed in IBM-SPSS version 22.

Results: A total of 5974 nursing professionals were trained in 17 one day trainings and data for KAP and pre-post assessment data was available for 4647 and 3456 participants respectively, out of which 295 participants were analysed for impact assessment. Correlation coefficient between knowledge, attitude and practice score stated Pre-knowledge score was significantly correlated with attitude (r=0.19, p<0.05) and practice (r=0.20, p<0.05) whereas attitude and practice were also found to be significantly correlated (r=32, p<0.05) with each other.

Conclusion: The results from this study support the use of ILBS-ECHO model in tele mentoring the health care professionals by providing education and training in assessment and management of liver diseases. The technology used in ILBS-ECHO has demonstrated its utility in educating clinicians through co-managed care of underserved patients.
A Study on Various Transformation Method of Weibull Distribution: A Review
Authors: Chettri Seema , Das Bhanita
Published: June 2021

In this article a brief summary of some recent developments of Weibull lifetime models has been presented for a quick overview. Various extensions of the Weibull models and the properties of the extended Weibull distribution have been discussed. A brief discussion about the characteristics and shape behaviour has been presented in the tabular form. Finally, some future research topics have been given.
Generalized Rank Mapped Transmuted Distributions with Properties and Application: A Review
Authors: Imliyangba . , Das Bhanita , Chettri Seema
Published: June 2021

Generalizing probability distributions is a very common practice in the theory of statistics. Researchers have proposed several generalized classes of distributions which are very flexible and convenient to study various statistical properties of the distribution and its ability to fit the real-life data. Several methods are available in the literature to generalize new family of distributions. The Quadratic Rank Transmutation Map (QRTM) is a tool for the construction of new families of non-Gaussian distributions and to modulate a given base distribution for modifying the moments like the skewness and kurtosis with the ability to explore its tail properties and improve the adequacy of the distribution. Recently, a new family of transmutation map, defined as Cubic Rank Transmutation (CRT) has been used by several authors to develop new distributions with application to real-life data. In this article, we have done a review work on the existing generalized rank mapped transmuted probability distributions, available in the literature with various statistical properties such as the reliability, hazard rate and cumulative hazard functions, moments, mean, variance, moment-generating function, order statistics, generalized entropy and quantile function along with its applications. Some future works have also been discussed for generalized rank mapped transmuted distributions.
A New Algorithm for Approximate Maximum Likelihood Estimation in Sub-fractional Chan-Karolyi-Longstaff-Sanders Model
Authors: Bishwal Jaya P. N.
Published: June 2021

The paper introduces several approximate maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the sub-fractional Chan-Karolyi-Longstaff-Sanders (CKLS) interest rate model and obtains their rates of convergence. A new algorithm inspired by Newton-Cotes formula is presented to improve the accuracy of estimation. The estimators are useful for simulation of interest rates. The proposed new algorithm could be useful for other stochastic computation. It also proposes a generalization of the CKLS interest rate model with sub-fractional Brownian motion drivers which preserves medium range memory.
Socio-Economic Drivers for Farming Households’ Decision to Conserve Nature around Mount Uluguru, Tanzania
Authors: Timothy Shauri , Mgale Yohana James , Hyandye Canute
Published: June 2021

Nature conservation means preservation or restoration of the environment and wildlife. The activity is just beyond someone's will; it is highly influenced by socio-economic factors. This study examined the drivers for farming households to conserve the nature around Mount Uluguru in Morogoro, Tanzania. A survey was conducted in five villages around the Arc Uluguru Mountain, and only 106 respondents were randomly selected. To supplement the information, focus group discussions were held with village leaders and environmental committee members in each village who gave their precious information for analysis. Descriptive analysis was done using frequencies, percentage, and mean for examining characteristics of the sampled population, while the binary logistic model was used to analyze the factors that drive farmers to participate in nature conservation. It was found that farming experience, access to support services and awareness in bylaws and regulations increase the chances of participating in environmental conservation amongst the household members. Also, being a male individual and having old age decreases the chances of engagement to nature conservation activities. The study recommends that, in conservation activities, gender roles should be taken into consideration, as anyone can take charge and participate in nature conservation. Furthermore, more training, materials, and equipment are needed from governmental and NGO’s to help nature conservation in Mount Uluguru.
Indigenous Knowledge of Bamboo Products and uses in the Western Highlands of Cameroon
Authors: Cédric Chimi Djomo , Nfornkah Barnabas Neba , Forje Gadinga Walter , Princely Awazi Nyong , Réné Kaam , Jovis Nguefack Arnold , Maurice Tatang , Malik Atoupka Abdel , Cyntia Zambou Gansonkeng Jessica , Bruno Tabue Mbobda Roger , Léocadie Inimbock Sorel , Louis Zapfack
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Today, bamboo is a resource frequently used by local people for their wellbeing and rural development in poor localities.
Aims: This study aimed at identifying the ecosystem services offered by bamboo to the local population for their wellbeing.
Duration and Place of Study: The study was carried out in January to February 2021 in Western highlands Agro ecological zone of Cameroon; more precisely in areas with high bamboo density according to literature review.
Methodology: Three hundred and ten (310) questionnaires were administered to persons involved in bamboo activities including a direct observation in the field. This was complemented with key informant interviews.
Results: The results showed that bamboo is highly utilized for subsistence purposes in many households in the Western Highlands of Cameroon, with at least 97 bamboo uses and products identified. These uses/products were grouped into 11 sectors/domains making use of bamboo. Agriculture, silviculture, handicrafts, furniture and house construction are the sectors using more bamboo products. Only 5% of respondents used bamboo in more than 10 sectors/domains.
Conclusion: This baseline survey presents results which could orientate decisions of Policymakers and Development planners on how bamboo products could be valorized in the Western Highlands.
Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Applications Levels on Greenhouse Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Yield and Soil Quality in Khost Province
Authors: Hashimi Rahmatullah , Habibi Hukum Khan
Published: June 2021

The study was carried out to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on tomato yield and soil quality.  The study was performed in a randomized complete block design consisting of 7 treatments with 3 replications in the research farm, Shaikh Zayed University, Khost, Afghanistan. The fertilizers treatments were T1, organic fertilizer (5 t/ha); T2, organic fertilizer (10 t/ha); T3, urea (150 Kg/ha); T4, urea (200 Kg/ha); T5, mixed fertilizers (organic fertilizer 3 t/ha + urea (100 Kg/ha); T6, mixed fertilizers (organic fertilizer 6 t/ha + urea (70 Kg/ha) and T7 a control. Results indicate that applications of inorganic fertilizers with a combination of organic fertilizers increased tomato yield and improves the nutrient status of the soil. T5 showed the highest yield of tomato and followed by T4 treatment, which were 33.1 and 31.7 t/ha respectively. The lower yield were obtained in T7 and T1 treatments. The highest plant heights (205.0 and 199.0 cm) were obtained in T5 and T4 respectively, while the lowest plant heights were obtained in T1 treatment and followed by T7 treatment. Similarly, we found that a combination of both inorganic and organic fertilizers application also is the best strategy to improve soil nutrients, maintain soil fertility. Soil P2O5 and K2O, where the highest amounts were obtained in T5 and followed by T6, which were 26.5, 22.5 and 44.5 and 41.5 mg/L respectively. The control treatment had the lowest amount of P2O5 and K2O. Therefore, this study suggests that an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer not only increased tomato yield but also improve soil fertility.
Africa and the Commonwealth: What Relationship Since 1994?
Authors: Faseke Modupeolu
Published: June 2021

The Commonwealth is a global organisation with some unique and important characteristics that complement other global multilateral organizations. Its peculiarities, most especially its networking and informal qualities, have endeared the organization until recently to her members.  In this age of internet in which smartness and alertness are highly valued, some of its traits are now becoming a thing of an anathema, regarded as a cog in the wheel of progress. African continent alone has over thirty percent of Commonwealth membership.  This paper examines Commonwealth relations with Africa since 1994 when apartheid ended in South Africa and Africans had a renewed relationship with the organization after both parties had endured a tenuous relationship in the preceding years. The study has the objective of assessing the economic and political gains Africa has derived from membership of the Commonwealth as well as to ascertain whether or not the relationship is mutually beneficial. The essay is qualitative and adopts the historical research methodology, detailing the evolution and progression in Commonwealth’s relationship with Africa during the period of study. The essay complements the use of secondary sources with primary sources. Data was therefore composed of official documents from the |Commonwealth Secretariat as well as documents from some African countries. The study concludes that Africa has benefitted immensely from the Commonwealth since 1994, despite some aspects of its relationship needing improvements. It recommends, therefore, that both parties will have to work towards a symbiotic relationship in order to enjoy a more robust partnership that is effective and impactful in the interest of all.
Reproduction Control in Coptodon zillii using Abrus precatorius Root Bark Diets as Fertility Inhibitor Agent
Authors: Akin-Obasola B. J.
Published: June 2021

The antifertility effects of Abrus precatorius root bark meal (APRB) on Coptodon zillii juvenile was determined by a 42 days feeding experiment, with the inclusion levels of 0g, 6g, 12g, 18g and 24g/kg diet. Water volume of 20 litres in a plastic tank (50cm x 27cm x 35 cm dimension) was maintained throughout the period of experiment. Coptodon zillii was fed at 4% body weight. In male fish, testis weight, milt volume, milt count and motility duration reduced with increase in inclusion level and there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the treatments used. Histology of testis at 0g of APRB/kg diet showed primary and secondary spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubule, connective tissue was clearly seen. In treatments 6g, 12g, 18g and 24g APRB/kg diets, there were increase in interstitial cell, eroded connective tissue and necrosis. In female fish, ovary weight, fecundity, relative fecundity and gonadosomatic index reduced with increase in the concentration of treatments used. Histology of the ovary at 0g APRB/kg diet showed developing oocytes while treatments 6g, 12g, 18g and 24g revealed reduced oocytes, increase in interstitial cell, alteration in ovary development and necrosis. The research revealed that Abrus precatorius root bark meal may be effective in controlling reproduction in Coptodon zillii.
Phytosociological Surveys and Monitoring of the Bromatological Parameters According to the Age of Regrowth of Savannah Pastures Perfectly Reconstituted in the Central Zone of Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Kouadja Gouagoua Séverin , Kouamé Adam Camille , Kouadio Kouakou Eugène , Kouao Brou Jean , Kouassi N’Gouan Cyrille
Published: June 2021

Although pastures in central (Affouvansou) Côte d'Ivoire are abundant, signs of undernutrition are observed in the animals towards the end of wintering, possibly due to insufficient quality pastures, poor grass quality, or poor herd distribution. Using the in-vivo digestibility method, bromatological monitoring of the fodder from these pastures was carried out according to the development age of the regrowth using Djallonke sheep. The objective is to help in the judicious use of these pastures. At regrowth age intervals between the 4th and 8th week, the nitrogen content in the grass decreases, the energy value increases at 6 weeks, and decreases slightly to remain at a correct value in the following weeks. Due to its nitrogen value, this pasture can be classified as a more or less poor quality savannah fodder. However, the savannah studied is of excellent quality from an energy point of view at 5 - 6 weeks of regrowth age. Depending on the nitrogen value, the forage can be said to be of average quality from the 5th to the 7th week. Beyond 8 weeks, the forage is of poor quality. The nitrogen content is therefore a limiting factor here. It cannot meet the maintenance needs of the UBT. It, makes sense to use the pastures in the center of the country between the 6th and 7th week of regrowth to get the most out of it.
Evaluation and Identification of Rabi Castor Based Profitable Cropping Systems on Alfisols in Southern Telangana
Authors: Ramanjaneyulu A. V. , Reddy A. Vishnu Vardhan , Kumar M. V. Nagesh
Published: June 2021

Aim: The experiment was aimed at identifying the rabi castor based profitable cropping systems for Alfisols of Southern Telangana Zone.

Study design: Split plot design with three replications

Place and duration of study: Regional Agricultural Research Station, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Palem, Telangana state, India during rabi season of 2010-11 and 2011-12.

Methodology: The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with five preceding crops (mung bean, fodder jowar, corn, pearlmillet and sesame) in main plots and four nitrogen levels of rabi castor in sub plots (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1). The growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield, water use efficiency and economics were studied.

Results: The results showed that among different proceeding crops evaluated that significantly higher castor seed yield and castor equivalent yield were obtained when rabi castor was preceded by corn (1973 and 2931 and kg ha-1) and mung bean (1868 and 2696 kg ha-1) as compared to that of sesame (1672 and 2207 kg ha-1), pearl millet (1823 and 2199 kg ha-1) and fodder jowar (1783 and 2154 kg ha-1). However, higher total system gross returns (Rs. 1,04,118 ha-1) and net returns (Rs. 52,462 ha-1) were accrued when rabi castor was grown after corn only, but, a higher B:C ratio was realized due to mung bean as a preceding crop (2.12). Though castor during rabi season responded similarly to 80 and 120 kg N ha-1 in terms of castor seed yield (2275 and 2381 kg ha-1) and castor equivalent yield (2887 and 3013 kg ha-1), application of 120 kg N ha-1to castor resulted in accruing of higher system net returns (Rs. 60,638 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.27). However, the results of interaction further showed that rabi castor preceded by mung bean with the application of 80 kg N ha-1 was found profitable (Rs. 75,573 ha-1). It was closely followed by corn-castor system (Rs. 73,289 ha-1).
Correlation Studies of Soil Properties with Yield of Rice in a Calciorthents
Authors: Pandey Amit Kumar , Singh Ashutosh
Published: June 2021

Imbalanced use of nutrients through fertilizer have a deleterious effects on soil health, leading to unsustainable productivity. The present investigation was carried out to study the comparative effectiveness of compost and crop residue either alone or in combination of chemical fertilizer on physico chemical properties of soil, soil microbial biomass and crop yield in rice-wheat cropping system in Calciorthents at experimental farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar in light texture and medium fertile soil. There were sixteen treatments which were replicated thrice in split plot design. Four level of NPK viz., no NPK, 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 150% NPK were kept as main plot treatments whereas four levels of organics viz., no manure, compost @ 10 t ha-1, crop residue and compost + crop residue were treated as sub-plot treatments. The correlation between rice yield and some physico-chemical and microbial attributes of soil were evaluated. Most of soil physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were positively correlated with grain and straw yield of rice. Thus the results suggest that integrated use of balanced inorganic fertilizers in combination with organic manure sustains a soil physico-chemical and microbiological environment of soil that is better for enhancing higher crop productivity.
Effect of Chemical to Herb Control on Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum) under Irrigated Conditions
Authors: Patnaik Lipsa , Adhikary Rahul , Reddy M. Devender
Published: June 2021

Weed management greatly influences on weed infestation and yield of sesame under irrigated condition. An experiment was conducted at Bagusala farm, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, CUTM, Paralakhemundi, Odisha to find out the effectiveness of pre and post emergence herbicides on performance of summer sesame under irrigated conditions. The soil of experimental site was sandy clay loam in texture, slightly acidic in reaction with pH of 6.4. The experiment was laid out in randomize block design with three replications, assigning twelve treatments combinations of chemical application irrigated sesamum cultivation. The yield with hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS was comparable with Pendimethalin @ 500 g a.i ha-1 3 DAS + Imazethapyr @ 60g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS, Imazethapyr @ 60g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS, Oxadiargyl 80wp @ 60g a.i ha-1 3 DAS and Oxadiagyl @ 40 g a.i ha-1 3 DAS + Imazethapyr @ 60 g a.i ha-1 20 DAS and significantly superior over all other treatments. The weed number observed in all chemical weed control treatments was significantly lower than un-weeded control. Application of herbicides was found to be effective in reduction of weed population in summer sesamum under irrigated conditions. The weeds can be effectively controlled through application herbicides in sesame grown under irrigated conditions during summer season.
SSR Based Genetic Diversity in Magic Lines of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
Authors: Swarnalatha V. , Swar Bidush Ranjan , Reddy M. Rajendar , Vanisree S.
Published: June 2021

Soybean MAGIC lines are recently developed by tailor made source of germplasm that have undergone heavy genetic recombination. The present study was carried out in Kharif 2018 to Rabi 2019 - 20 to assess its extent of genetic diversity at molecular level in 95 soybean MAGIC lines along with six checks by using 30 SSR markers from which 27 were found polymorphic. A total of 106 alleles were generated with an average of 3.53 and a range of two to six alleles per loci. The value of observed heterozygosity was varying from 0.00 to 0.099 indicating a higher frequency of homozygotes among the accessions. Maximum PIC was 0.955 for Staga001 followed by 0.948 (Satt168, Satt453, Satt534), 0.947(Satt565) and 0.945(Satt371). The range of Jaccard’s similarity coefficient was varying from 0.089 to 1, most of the values were between 0.2 to 0.3 with an average of 0.3 indicating considerable diversity exists among the genotypes. A total of six main clusters were formed by UPGMA clustering method. Cluster II was the largest comprising 48 genotypes which were grouped into four sub-clusters. Clustering based on SSR markers revealed a very precise grouping of the genotypes based on their relatedness than their phenotypic data alone. Hence it can be successfully deployed for selecting desirable genotypes which can be utilized in future breeding programs for exploiting heterosis or in the introgression of genes for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in soybean crop.
Soil Carbon Fractions at Different Soil Depths as Influenced by Land use Practices under Cropping Systems in a Vertisol
Authors: Suryawanshi Arpit , Rai H. K. , Chourasia Aditi , Sharma G. D.
Published: June 2021

The experimental field study was conducted at Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) Research Farm, Lakhanwada, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India to evaluate the soil carbon fractions (very labile, labile, less labile and non-labile or recalcitrant carbon) in different land use practices with soil depths under cropping systems in Vertisols after harvest of Kharif and Rabi season crops of year 2015-16 and 2016-17. The experiment was conducted under Split plot design considering land use practices as main plot treatments [L1: Uncultivated, L2: rice-wheat system with conventional agriculture (CT), L3: rice-wheat system with conservation agriculture (CA), L4: soybean-wheat system with CT, L5: soybean-wheat system with CA, L6: maize-wheat system with CT and L7: maize-wheat system with CA] and depth (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm and 15-30 cm) as sub-plot treatments replicated thrice. Very labile carbon fraction was obtained highest in L3 (rice-wheat system with CA) and lowest under L6 (maize -wheat system with CT) treatment after harvest of Kharif and Rabi season crops during 2015-16 and 2016-17and it was significantly higher at 0-5 cm soil depth  than those in 5-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil depths. Similar trends were also obtained in case of labile, less labile and non-labile fraction of carbon i.e. the applied land use practices had significant effect on all the carbon fractions under study and found to be maximum under L3 (R-W system with CA) and minimum in L6: (M-W system with CT) treatment after harvest of both the season crops during both years of experiment. Whereas, the interaction effect of land use practices and soil depths on the carbon fractions was found statistically non-significant during both the seasons and years.
Synthesis and Characterization of Rice Husk Biochar and its Application in the Adsorption Studies of Lead and Copper
Authors: Ndekei Alice , Gitita Muigai- , Njomo Njagi , Mbui Damaris
Published: June 2021

The present study aimed to use chemically activated rice husk biochar as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from an aqueous solution. A series of the Rice husk biochar (RHB) samples were produced at different temperatures, as follows: 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700℃ for 2 hours each through pyrolysis process in Dalhan Scientific Muffle Furnace. The chemically treated rice husk biochar synthesized at 500℃ was used as potential char for removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The sorption of these metal ions from an aqueous solution was determined after adsorption using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The Shimadzu IR Affinity Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used for the characterization of rice husk char and it revealed the presence of OH, C=O, and COO- bonds which are responsible for heavy metal ions adsorption through chemisorption. The effect of adsorption parameters was determined that is; pyrolysis temperature which was found to be 500℃, the optimal contact time for the metal ions Cu (II) and Pb (II) was found to be 60 minutes, the optimum dosage was 0.250 g and optimum initial concentration was 2 mg/l.  The kinetics were tested against pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order model as well Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Cu(II), adsorption process followed Pseudo-second order kinetics with regression coefficient (R2) 0.9942 and Langmuir isotherm model with R2 0.9895. For Pb(II), adsorption capacity followed Pseudo-second order kinetics with regression coefficient (R2) 0.99991 and Freundlich isotherm model with R2 0.96675 optimum equilibrium adsorption capacity of 0.5274 mg/g.
Prevalence of Ascariasis among Children in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Okoh M. E. , Nyinoh I. W. , Utume L. N. , Terzunwe T. T.
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of ascariasis among children of 1-15 years old in Wadata, Wurukum, Northbank, Fiidi, and Modern market of Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Prevalence of Ascariasis among children was conducted between January to march 2020. A total of 230 stool samples were randomly collected from children of both sexes and analyzed, using formol-ether concentration technique to determine the presence of eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides. Out of the samples analyzed, 64(27.83%) were positive for Ascariasis. Wadata had the highest prevalence of 23(35.92%). There was a direct relationship between the parasite load and the location (P<0.05). There was also a positive correlation (P<0.05) between the parasite load and the family size. Children that were provided with modern toilet facilities had the lowest prevalence 13(20%). Children of farmers recorded 23(35.94%). Hence ascariasis is endemic in Makurdi. There should be grassroots enlightment on sanitation and hygiene. There is need for provision of screening materials and drugs at affordable rate to all patients. Communities should also embark on environmental sanitation and personal hygiene to curb the menace.
Comparative Study between Ivabradine Versus Bisoprolol Effects for Heart Rate Control on Hemodynamics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Septic Shock
Authors: El-Miseery Omnia Ali , Elashry Hesham Elsaid , Elbably Magdy Elsaid , Elbably Magdy Elsaid , Hamed Ahmed Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Background: Septic shock is associated with excessive sympathetic outflow, high plasma catecholamine levels, myocardial depression, vascular hypo-reactivity, and autonomic dysfunction. Typically, patients have a low resistance, high cardiac output circulation with tachycardia and arterial hypotension that may be poorly or even nonresponsive to exogenous catecholamine vasopressors. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of ivabradine vs bisoprolol for heart rate control on the hemodynamics and clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock.

Methods: The study was carried out on 90 patients, aging from 18 to 60 years of both sex presented with septic shock in ICU. Patients were randomly classified into 3 equal groups each of 30 patients. Group I (Control group) received conventional therapy. Group II (Bisoprolol group) received conventional therapy plus bisoprolol 5 mg once daily & one placebo pill on 12 hrs interval via nasogastric tube for 7 days. Group III (Ivabradine group) received conventional therapy plus ivabradine 5 mg twice daily on 12 hrs interval via nasogastric tube for 7 days.

Results: Both bisoprolol and ivabradine effectively lowered heart rate in septic shock patients but ivabradine was more effective than bisoprolol. Both bisoprolol and ivabradine did not affect mean blood pressure, with ivabradine being more effective in maintaining blood pressure than bisoprolol. Noradrenaline dose was lower in ivabradine group in comparison with the other two groups. As regard to stroke volume & cardiac output, there was improvement in ivabradine group in comparison with bisoprolol and control groups. As regard to serum lactate level, there was improvement in ivabradine group in comparison with the other two groups. Both bisoprolol & ivabradine resulted in reduction in LOS & 28-day mortality with no significant difference between both groups.

Conclusions: Controlling heart rate in septic shock patients with either bisoprolol or ivabradine improves outcomes. Ivabradine is better than bisoprolol in maintaining hemodynamics and improving tissue perfusion parameters.
Malignant Osteopetrosis, a Rare Cause of Bicytopenia in Infants: A Case Report
Authors: Ouassou Karima Larbi , Radi Abdelilah , Hassani Amal , Abilkassem Rachid , Agadr Aomar
Published: June 2021

Osteopetrosis is an autosomal metabolic bone disease caused by a functional abnormality of the osteoclasts. Two main forms exist, the dominant benign form and the recessive malignant form. We describe in our patient the recessive malignant form retained according to all the clinical, biological and especially radiological criteria. We also report in this work the elements of description of the disease in the literature in comparison with the data of our patient, which allows us to emphasize the severity of the ocular and bone damage requiring an early marrow transplant which alone seems to cure the disease.
An Autopsy Study of the Quantitative Anatomy of Human Heart
Authors: Raveendran S. , Vidanapathirana M. , Hulathduwa S. R.
Published: June 2021

There is no uniformity in obtaining anthropological measurements of the heart. Measurementsvary according to the methods used by different authors. The normality standard for organ weights should be established in a specific reference sample for each population, as the normality values can be different under genetic and environmental influences. This study is aimed to determine the average values of quantitative anatomy of the adult heart for the Sri Lanka population using autopsy data with an attempt to determine the relationship with sociodemographic factors such as the body weight, age, gender and the body length. Designed as a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study, it was performed on fresh (unfixed) adult hearts recovered at medico-legal autopsy on deaths due to non-cardiac natural causes and miscellaneous unnatural causes for a period of one year. Systematic consecutive sampling method was used from September 2018 to September 2019. Only 122 samples (68 males and 54 females) were included from among 282 adult hearts collected during this period due to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Average weight of the heart, thicknesses of the inter-ventricular septum, free wall of the left ventricle and right ventricle for males and females were 296.1 g, 236.85 g, 9.71 mm, 9.52 mm, 1.28 cm, 1.19 cm and 3.41mm, 3.02mm respectively. Male heart weight, interventricular septal thickness and other findings were compatible with contemporary Eastern studies. Significant association was demonstrated in the wall thickness of right ventricle with gender (P- value being 0.038).  Large scales multi centered studies to find out the normality standard for heart measurements in Sri Lankan population are recommended.