bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LP‐3: Late‐News Poster: Improvement of Thermal Degradation of Blue Phosphor for Color Plasma Displays
Authors: Zhang Shuxiu , Yokota Kazuyoshi , Onishi Takayuki , Fujii Hideki , Uchiike Heiju , Hirakawa Takayoshi
Published: January 2005

The BAM (BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+) solid solution with the barium‐poor aluminate (Ba0.75Al11O17.25) developed in the present work shows the strong resistant property to the thermal degradation, such as luminous efficiency and the color coordinates compared to the conventional BAM. From adopting the BAM solid solution system, it is confirmed that the luminous degradation and the alteration of the color coordinate y value after heat treatment are improved to be about 1/7 and 1/12 of those of the conventional BAM, respectively.
P‐44: Influences of Applied Writing Pulses on the Wall Charge Distribution and Light Output in AC Plasma Display Panels
Authors: Kim Dae‐il , Ko Jae‐Jun , Young‐Guon  , Choi Eun‐Ha , Cho Guangsup
Published: January 2005

The influences of applied writing pulses on the wall charge distribution and light output for stable sustaining operation has been studied. The applied writing pulses, which have been selected, are the rectangular and the ramp shapes. The rectangular pulse shows strongly localized cone type of light emission profile, while the ramp pulse can makes a uniform box type light emission profile under the same coplanar AC‐PDP structure. It is shown that the ramp pulse can compensate the nonuniform electric field distribution across the whole electrode area. It is also found that the light emission characteristics from rectangular and ramp writing pulses are good agreement with theoretical wall charge set‐up models for these two writing pulses.
8.1: Proposed Methods for PDP Characterization by PDP Consortium in Japan
Authors: Kurita Taiichiro , Murakami Hiroshi
Published: January 2005

The Hi‐Vision PDP Consortium, which consisted of more than 26 PDP‐related manufacturers in Japan and NHK, successfully completed its activities in October 1999 with the publication of measurement methods for PDP displays. This paper reports on the methods.
P‐46: A 16‐Bit Drive of 1080p PDPs for High Quality Image Expression
Authors: Seki S. , Ishii M. , Shiga T. , Igarashi K. , Mikoshiba S.
Published: January 2005

In order to express high quality images with a satisfactory gray scale expression at low luminance levels and also with negligible artifacts on PDPs, a 16‐bit (16 sub‐field) capability is required. This is realized for 1080p HDTV expression on a double‐scanned 3‐electrode AC‐PDP by improving the voltage waveforms of the Address‐While‐Display drive scheme. Light‐emission duty factor was 94%.
P‐50: Excimer Gas Discharge Characteristics for Color AC‐PDPs
Authors: Lee W. T. , Lee J. W. , Im S. J. , Kim Y. M. , Hatanaka H. , Kim G. Y. , Hong J. H. , Lee Y. J. , Kim J. M.
Published: January 2005

We present the discharge characteristics of a rare gas halide mixture in AC‐ Plasma Display Panels. Studies for excimer gas of plasma display panels are performed using XeF. This excimer gas is investigated as function of its pressure and different discharge condition. In this paper, the real panel using XeF excimer gas is researched for good discharge characteristics and a full‐color panel is demonstrated.
LP‐6: Late‐News Poster: The New Driving Scheme of Full TV Field Display for 42‐in. WVGA PDP
Authors: Ryeom J. , ang K. H. , ee S. C. , ark C. B.
Published: January 2005

We have developed 42 inch WVGA AC PDP making use of new address sustain overlapping driving scheme. We have removed extra priming discharge and optimized addressing sequence for each sub‐fields to make good use of space charge. As a result, we can obtain full area driving margin, impress 1920 pulses of sustain and get absolutely black of back screen.
8.2: A New Method for TN Cell Twist Angle and Retardation Measurement
Authors: Zhang Hailiang , Kelly Jack
Published: January 2005

We propose a new measurement method to determine the twist angle and the retardation value in a twisted nematic(TN) or super twisted nematic (STN) cell. No prior knowledge of the cell is required. The surface director direction and the twist sense are also determined.
P‐57: A Reflective Liquid Crystal Display with Fringe‐Field Switching Mode
Authors: Lee S. H. , Hong S. H. , Kim H. Y. , Park J. H. , Lee W. G. , Lee G.‐D. , Yoon T.‐H.
Published: January 2005

Application of in‐plane switching of liquid crystal director to reflective LCD was not effective previously due to low aperture ratio. However, recently developed fringe‐field switching (FFS) mode developed by us made it possible, owing to an advantage of high transmittance. The device shows wide viewing angle intrinsically.
P‐60: Spatially Pixelated Reflective Arrays from Holographic‐Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals
Authors: Fontecchio Adam K. , Escuti Michael J. , Bowley Chris C. , Sethumadhavan Bhaskar , Crawford Gregory P. , Li Le , Faris Sadeg
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we report on multiplexing techniques to create multicolor reflective displays formed in holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals using a single holographic exposure through spatial color synthesis techniques. We present the electro‐optical performance parameters of these color‐reflecting arrays, and describe our fabrication process.
P‐62: Surface Induced Polymer Walls and Islands Using a Polymer/Liquid Crystal Mixture
Authors: Park E. Y. , Taheri B. , West J. L. , Palffy‐Muhoray P.
Published: January 2005

We present a novel method for forming polymer walls and islands in liquid crystal (E7)/polymer (NOA81) mixtures. In this technique, properties of the surface are used to control phase separation into liquid crystal rich and monomer rich regions. It was found that the choice of the alignment layer and presence of the patterned substrates play a key role in the process.
P‐64: Assessment of Colloid Liquid Crystal Composites for Display Applications
Authors: Nakamura H. , Meeker S. P. , Poon W. C. K. , Taira Y. , Crain J.
Published: January 2005

The aim of the present paper is to perform a thorough and systematic survey of the optical properties of colloid liquid crystal composites with a view to assessing their potential to enable innovations or improvements in display devices. An introduction to the structure and properties of these materials is presented and applications for specific device types (twist‐nematic, guest‐host, and cholesteric) are considered.
P‐66: Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Interface between Liquid Crystal and Polyacrylate with Alkyl Sidechain
Authors: Tani Yuichiro , Nakata Hidetoshi , Hayashi Masanao , Fujisawa Toru , Aizawa Masao
Published: January 2005

We have performed molecular dynamics simulation of interface between liquid crystal and polyacrylate with different alkyl sidechain length, and qualitatively observed the same orientational behavior as experimental results. We also have analyzed the structure of the interface, concretely the distribution of orientational order parameter near the interface and the relationship between orientational direction of liquid crystal molecules and sidechain.
P‐67: Investigation of Switching Characteristics and Luminance Levels of SS‐ and PS‐ FLCDs by Computer Simulation and Experiments
Authors: Umeda T. , Furue H. , Takahashi T. , Kobayashi S.
Published: January 2005

Switching characteristics such as, rise and decay times and switchabllity with FET, and dynamic luminance of SS (surface stabilized) and PS(polymer stabilized)‐FLCDs have been investigated by computer simulation and experiments. The influence of polar anchoring strength on the enhancement of decay process (degradation of memory effect) in SS‐FLCD is shown. Rise and decay times of PS‐FLCD are shown to be 120 μs, respectively. Dynamic luminance in the impulsive responses of these FLCD technologies are discussed.
P‐68: Fabrication of Defect Free FLCDs Using Photo‐Alignment and Their Performance Characteristics
Authors: Kurihara Ryuji , Furue Hirokazu , Takahashi Taiju , Kobayashi Shunsuke
Published: January 2005

Photoalignment technique has been applied for fabricating a zig‐zag defect‐free FLCD by using polyimide RN‐1199, −1286, −1266 (Nissan Chem. Ind.) and adopting oblique irradiation of unpolarized UV light. It is shown that among them RN‐1199 is the best for fabricating defect‐free cell, but RN‐1286 needs a low energy to produce a photoaligned FLC phase. Anchoring energy and EO performance characteristics are measured on FLCD cells prepared by rubbing and photoalignment.
P‐70: Waveguide Based Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Yuan Haijun , Palffy‐Muhoray Peter
Published: January 2005

A waveguide based cholesteric liquid crystal display (WGCLCD) is demonstrated. Instead of using polarizers to control light intensity as in conventional LCDs or using reflection band to reflect light as in conventional reflective CLCD, a cholesteric cell is used in the WGCLCD to switch light out of a waveguide with high optical efficiency. Instead of an extra scattering screen as in conventional waveguide based LCDs, focal conic domains are used to scatter light out of the waveguide. Wide viewing angle, high peak brightness and high contrast ratio are obtained
P‐73: A Method of Generating Full Color LCD Using Birefringent Filters in a Stacked Design
Authors: Saeed S. , Bos P. , Li Z.
Published: January 2005

We discuss the design and performance of a full color transmissive display based on the folded Solc filter design. Sharp et. al. suggested the use of a modified Solc filter as a colorswitch and for use as a display device. Del Pico suggested its use as a direct view device using plastic substrates and LCP's to solve some parallax issues. However no details of its operation were given. The design incorporates three individual stacks each responsible for producing RGB without the use of color filters, this offer high color purity and brightness along with the promise of low power consumption. In this paper the design of such a system is considered in detail.
P‐74: Thin Film Polarizers: Optical and Color Characteristics, Thermostability
Authors: Ignatov Leonid , Lazarev Pavel , Ovchinnikova Natalya
Published: January 2005

Molecular engineering of textile dyes has produced new materials that have thermostability like the precursor textile dyes, and that can be used to produce thin film coatings. Dye molecules are aligned in crystalline fashion and produce a polarizing effect. Blending different dye mixes controls optical and color characteristics of such film polarizers. Effective black and color thin film polarizers made from dye blends with hues varying in wide range of color coordinates were manufactured and tested.
P‐75: Two Crossed A‐Plates as an Alternative to a Negative C‐Plate
Authors: Sergan V. , Bos P. J. , Sharp G. D.
Published: January 2005

We performed a complete study of optical properties of two crossed positive in‐plane retarders (positive A‐plates). We have shown that this configuration can improve the viewing angle performance of LCDs in much the same way as negative C‐plate. The method of construction of a negative C‐plate, optical properties and an implementation to optical compensation of different LCD modes is discussed.
P‐79: Achieving High Contrast Ratio in IPS TFT‐LCDs by Domain Formation Control around Spacers
Authors: Utsumi Y. , Tomioka Y. , Kondo K. , Matsuyama S.
Published: January 2005

Reducing the light‐leakage caused by domain formation around spacers in IPS (in‐plane switching) TFT‐LCDs is investigated. It is found that the light‐leakage depends on the spacer material and surface alignment of the liquid crystal molecules on the spacers. High contrast ratio of over 200 is demonstrated by aligning liquid crystal molecules parallel to the spacer surface.
LP‐8:Late‐News Poster: Polymer Fly's Eye Light Integrator Lens Arrays for Digital Projectors
Authors: Foley M. , Munro J.
Published: January 2005

Polymer Fly's Eye light integrators are now available as an alternative to glass. While the appropriate material is highly dependent on the specifics of the application, plastic integrators offer measurable advantages in certain situations. Key design considerations include weight, performance, cost, birefringence, and temperature resistance. This paper explores each of these design considerations, and presents some guidelines to aid optical engineers in material selection.
LP‐9: Late‐News Poster: Synthesis and Physical Properties of Fluoro‐Isothiocyanated Liquid Crystal Compounds
Authors: Kim Y. B. , Kim B. H.
Published: January 2005

Fluoro‐isothiocyanated three‐ring and two‐ring liquid crystal compounds has been synthesized. They showed remarkably high nematic‐isotropic transition temperature, wide nematic temperature range, high dielectric and optical anisotropy, as well as a high‐voltage holding ratio of 98 %, rating them suitable for AM‐LCD applications.
9.2: Skew Ray Compensated Color Separation Prism for Projection Display Applications
Authors: Greenberg Michael R. , Bryars Brett J.
Published: January 2005

Projection display systems that use polarization as a means for image recovery require phase compensation of skew rays to achieve high contrast. This paper describes a new color separation prism design that compensates skew ray phase errors using only thin film coatings. The new prism maintains high contrast for systems as fast as f/2.5.
35.1: A New Design to Improve Performance of Wide‐Viewing Angle Back‐Side Exposure Multi‐Domain Homeotropically Aligned LCD
Authors: Liu Hong‐Da , Lin Ing‐Jer , Chen Ching‐Yih
Published: January 2005

A BSE‐MHA (Back‐Side Exposure Multi‐domain. We developed a new design to improve optical performance. The optical transmittance was improved by newly introduced Superimposed Spacing Wall‐Bump (SSWB) structure to freeze the disclination lines. The transmittance improvement effect is measured to be 20%, more than 70% of TN‐LCD, in typical. The SSWB type BSE‐MHA also makes the spacers spraying process unnecessary by the Superimposed Spacing Method (SSM). Homeotropically Aligned) TFT‐LCD panel has been demonstrated in 1999. It has excellent high performance and been manufacturing without rubbing and polymer stabilized process. However, the light efficiency of BSE‐MHA LCD is only 60% of TN (Twisted Nematic)‐LCD
35.3: Improvement of Transmitted Light Efficiency in SH‐LCDs Using Quarter‐Wave Retardation Films
Authors: Iwamoto Y. , Toko Y. , Hiramoto H. , Iimura Y.
Published: January 2005

For improving the transmitted light efficiency we have theoretically and experimentally studied mulit‐domain Super‐Homeotropic (SH) LCDs combined with two •/4 retardation films. As a result, the transmitted light efficiency of the LCD panel is improved up to 1.6 times that of a conventional SH panel, so that the steepness of the electro‐optical characteristics is also improved. We then show that the further improvement of the efficiency can be achieved by using a cholesteric film and the obtaioned final improvement in the transmitted light efficiency is about 2 times that of conventional SH panel.
35.4: Significant Speed and Stability Increases in Multi‐Dimensional Director Simulations
Authors: Anderson J. E. , Titus C. , Watson P. , Bos P. J.
Published: January 2005

Multi‐dimensional director calculations have typically taken an inordinate amount of time on all but the fastest computers. In this paper we will show methods for increasing the speed and stability of multi‐dimensional calculations such that they can be run on desktop PCs. We will also present an “open‐source” algorithm in which these methods are implemented. Details of the algorithm's design, accuracy and operation are discussed.
37.3: Mercury‐Free, Simple‐Stuctured Flat Discharge LCD Backlights Ranging from 0.5 to 5.2‐in. Diagonals
Authors: Ikeda Y. , Shiga T. , Mikoshiba S. , Tsuchiya M. , Shinada S.
Published: January 2005

Mercury‐free flat discharge lamps with diagonal sizes ranging from 5.0 to 5.2 inches have been developed for LCD backlights. The lamps have simple structures with insulated electrodes. Uniform discharges are obtained by adjusting drive pulse voltage and waveforms. As lamp diagonal becomes larger, luminance and efficacy increa‐se, and the dimming can be varied in wider range.
38.2: Application of FEM Residual Stress Analysis to Solve Breakage Problems in CRT Makers' Frit‐sealing Process
Authors: Imura Yuki , Watanabe Yuichi
Published: January 2005

Breakage's at the diagonal outside edge of flat panels occured during the CRT makers' frit‐sealing process. One of the methods used to solve this problem was the FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis of residual stresses to determine which cooling conditions would produce an optimum stress distribution during the glass makers' forming process. The data was applied to the actual cooling process, resulting in reduced incidences of frit‐sealing process breakage's
38.4: Full 3D Simulation of Thermionic Emission in Electron Guns for CRTs
Authors: van der Vaart N. C. , Leeuwestein A.
Published: January 2005

We report an accurate CRT gun simulation method, which takes into account the influence of the thermal velocity spread of the emitted electrons and space charge repulsion without using a‐priori assumptions or analytical expressions for the space charge density. The beam formation is modeled by tracing electrons directly from a thermionic cathode surface with a fixed work function and space charge effects are incorporated with a ‘particle in a cell’ method.
39.3: Recent Advances In Dome Display Systems
Authors: Blackham Geoff
Published: January 2005

Polysilicon LCD projection technology has advanced to the point that it is now worthy of consideration for the demanding requirements of fast‐jet flight simulation visual displays. Other technologies show promise of introducing more options and all of these will offer benefits of high stability, low cost, high brightness and on‐going improvement as much larger markets drive demand. This paper explores how such opportunities are now being exploited in the development of fully immersive dome projection systems.
40.3L: Late‐News Paper: Color Changing Materials for OLED Microdisplays
Authors: Ghosh A. P. , Howard W. E. , Sokolik I. , Zhang R. , Shershukov V. M. , Tolmachev A. V. , Voronkina N. I. , Dudkin V. A.
Published: January 2005

Various approaches to color changing media (CCM) for color microdisplays using blue pixelated OLED display with blue‐to‐green and blue‐to‐red CCM have been studied. Vacuum‐deposited CCM films have been demonstrated with optical density 3.75/micron at the maximum of absorption and absolute quantum efficiency of photoluminescence of 82% and 67% for B/G and B/R CCM, respectively.
31.5L: Late‐News Paper: Advanced Thermal Transfer Technology for CRTs Phosphor Screen
Authors: Kuwabara Satoshi , Muraoka Michiaki , Yabe Norio
Published: January 2005

Large format displays with high quality image have been increasingly required for multimedia use. Thermal transfer films which can make phosphor screen were developed. We have recognized the advantages of handling, uniformity and image qualities in comparison with conventional slurry method. The films include both phosphor and color filter layers.
41.4: Late‐News Paper: Wide Color Gamut and High Brightness Assured by the Support of LED Backlighting in WUXGA LCD Monitor
Authors: Sugiura Hiroaki , Kaneko Hideyuki , Kagawa Shuichi , Ozawa Masahiko , Tanizoe Hideki , Katou Hiroshi , Kimura Tarou , Ueno Hiroshi
Published: January 2005

The authors have successfully developed a WUXGA LCD monitor that has the world's highest performance level for color gamut and brightness for the number of pixels equal to or greater than UXGA. It provides a color gamut of approximately 150 [%] of conventional CRTs, and further, our monitor assures the high brightness of 600 [cd/m2] or greater.

This research was organized in part by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan (NEDO).
57.4L: Late‐News Paper: Full‐color Polymer AM‐OLED using Ink‐jet and a‐Si TFT Technologies
Authors: Shirasaki Tomoyuki , Ozaki Tsuyoshi , Sato Kazuhito , Kumagai Minoru , Takei Manabu , Toyama Tadahisa , Shimoda Satoru , Tano Tomoko , Hattori Reiji
Published: January 2005

Ink‐jet and a‐Si TFT technologies are the best combination for fabricating a large‐sized and low‐cost OLED display. We developed a 2.1‐inch, full‐color polymer AM‐OLED display driven by a new current‐programmed method using a‐Si:H TFTs showing more than 450 cd/m2 brightness, more than 100:1 contrast with real black and about 5 % deviation of half‐tone uniformity, which were achieved using a new polymer OLED structure by inserting the interlayer into the conventional 2‐layer LEP structure.
60.5L: Late‐News Paper: An Improved Current Driving Method for 256‐Level Full Color Active Matrix OLED Displays
Authors: Maeda Tomoyuki , Tsuge Hitoshi , Kidani Hidenori , Takahara Hiroshi , Date Yoshito , Omori Tetsuro , Nakamura Fumihisa
Published: January 2005

Because full‐color OLED displays are RGB and the current‐luminance characteristics of OLED devices differ from one another, their white balance adjustment is difficult. Another problem is that OLED displays draw a large current when images are displayed at high luminance, which causes heating and deterioration. We propose an improved current driving method to solve both problems, and we developed a current‐output source driver IC which achieves 256 levels each for RGB, and a full‐color active‐matrix OLED display with a 3.46‐inch diagonal and current‐driven 320 RGB × 240 pixels (QVGA).
19.4L: Late‐News Paper: Development of a 11.3‐inch VGA Full‐Color FED
Authors: Tanaka Mitsuru , Obara Yuji , Naito Yasuyuki , Kobayashi Haruo , Toriumi Masaki , Niiyama Takahiro , Sato Yoshitaka , Itoh Shigeo , Kawasaki Hiroaki
Published: January 2005

Many developers had abandoned their development activities of full color FEDs. Because, it is difficult to have high level vacuum technologies and design know‐how of filed emission devices at the same time. But in our work, we successfully developed 11.3‐inch VGA full‐color FED utilizing Spindt‐type emitters with a simple focusing structure to prevent color crosstalk, and 3kV anode voltage to improve luminance efficiency of phosphor. We observed average luminance of screen is about 350cd/m2 and module power consumption including a power supply is 11W. In this report, basic configuration and display performance of the 11.3‐inch VGA full‐color FED is described.
P‐107: Very Bright and Efficient Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diode with Hole Transport Layer Deposited under Relatively High Pressure
Authors: Qiu Chengfeng , Peng Huajun , Xie Zhiliang , Chen Haiying , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: January 2005

The characteristics of an organic light‐emitting diode depend on the deposition pressure of the hole transport layer. This effect and the effect of dopant concentration in the emitting layer were investigated. Diodes were constructed using NPB as hole‐transport layers, phosphorescent fac tris(2‐phenylpyridine) iridium (III) [Ir(ppy)3] doped CBP materials as emitting layer, BCP as hole blocking layer and Alq3 as an electron injection‐transport layer. The peak efficiencies of the diodes were sensitive to the deposition pressure of the hole transport layer, and to the dopant concentration. With an optimal pressure, an current efficiency of 44Cd/A with 12wt% Ir(ppy)3 concentration was obtained. A maximum brightness of 210,000 Cd/m2 (cw) was obtained with 15wt% Ir(ppy)3 concentration.
29.3: Low‐Molecular‐Weight Photo‐Crosslinkable Composites: Advanced Materials for Liquid Crystal Alignment
Authors: Yaroshchuk O. , Cada L. G. , Sonpatki M. , Chien L.‐C.
Published: January 2005

New photoalignment materials, based on low‐molecular‐weight photo‐crosslinkable (LMWPC) composites, were developed and characterized. The LMWPC materials have advantages such as ease of synthesis, reduced alignment film preparation, and stable liquid crystal (LC) alignment; they are capable of a wide range of pretilt from planar to slightly tilted homeotropic. Such LMWPC materials are ideal alignment layers for all ranges of liquid crystal display (LCD) technologies including LCDs with patterned alignment and LCDs using plastic as substrates.
37.3: Development of Electrophoretic Display Using Microcapsulated Suspension
Authors: Nakamura Eiji , Kawai Hideyuki , Kanae Norihiko , Yamamoto Hirokazu
Published: January 2005

A newly developed electrophoretic display(EPD) using the microcapsule technique is reported. The EPD is composed of two films with electrodes and microcapsulated suspensions having a diameter of 40 to 60 micrometers sandwiched in between. Besides lower current consumption, longer power‐off display memory and others, the significant merit is the increased possibilities of structuring to meet a wide variety of applications, e.g., fine‐pitched display, large‐area‐matrix, etc.
37.4: Reverse‐Emulsion Electrophoretic Display (REED)
Authors: Bryning M. , Cromer R.
Published: January 2005

A new display technology is being developed, which utilizes the electrophoretic properties of reverse emulsions. This display targets the market for highly reflective passive displays. It offers low power operation, transmissivity in excess of 70%, wide viewing angle, bright colors, low material cost, and an inexpensive production process.
38.1: Invited Paper: Combining Stereopsis and Motion in Human Vision
Authors: McKee S. P. , Harris J. M.
Published: January 2005

The human visual system processes binocular disparity and motion in separate modules. Both modules provide information that allows humans to segment objects from backgrounds, and to analyze surface structure. The two systems work co‐operatively in image analysis, but stereopsis is less effective for analyzing moving images than for analyzing static ones.
39.2: New Family of Bright Phosphors for FEDs
Authors: Nakua A. M. , Kitai A. H. , Xiao T.
Published: January 2005

A new family of bright phosphors based on alkaline‐earth gallates has been discovered. Ce‐doped SrGa2O4 has bright greenish‐blue PL and CL. The emission spectra exhibit the characteristic Ce3+‐double peaks. BaGa2O4: Ce has a very bright yellow‐orange CL emission which peaks at 560 nm. Similar, but weaker, PL emission can be observed. These two phosphors are viable candidates for application in field emission displays.
40.1: A 2.6‐in. Poly‐Si TFT‐LCD HDTV Display with Monolithic Integrated 8‐bit Digital Data Drivers
Authors: Osame M. , Azami M. , Koyama J. , Ogata Y. , Ohtani H. , Yamazaki S.
Published: January 2005

A 2.6‐inch TFT‐LCD with 1920 × 1080 pixels which conforms to full advanced TV (ATV) format has been developed. An 8‐bit digital data driver with digital‐to‐analog converters (DACs), which can realize 256 level gray scale, has been integrated in monolithic driver. In addition, the circuit using the high mobility and low threshold voltage TFTs can operate directly on 80 MHz digital video data with 5 V supply voltage.
41.1: A Super‐High Image Quality Multi‐Domain Vertical Alignment LCD by New Rubbing‐Less Technology
Authors: Takeda A. , Kataoka S. , Sasaki T. , Chida H. , Tsuda H. , Ohmuro K. , Sasabayashi T. , Koike Y. , Okamoto K.
Published: January 2005

An MVA‐LCD (multi‐domain vertical alignment LCD) that provides super‐high image quality has been developed by newly introduced rubbing‐less technology. A newly introduced “protrusion” designed on the TFT substrates and on the color filter substrates automatically controls the directors of the LC molecules. By this technology we have successively developed four‐domain 15″ MVA‐TFT units that provide extremely wide viewing angle of more than 160 degrees, a high contrast ratio of 300:1 or more and a fast response of less than 25ms.
41.2: Wide‐Viewing‐Angle Polymer Stabilized Homeotropically Aligned (PSHA) LCD
Authors: Wei C.‐K. , Lu Y.‐H. , Kuo C.‐L. , Liu C.‐Y. , Liu H.‐D. , Chang W.‐C. , Huang H.‐P. , Cheng C.‐M. , Yan D.‐C.
Published: January 2005

A homeotropic LCD using polymer stabilization and gibbous boundaries has been developed. Multi‐domain structures are created by using specially designed pixel boundaries and polymer network. Hence, the rubbing process is no longer employed. This display has demonstrated excellent properties of wide viewing angle and fast response.
41.3: New LCD Modes for Wide‐Viewing‐Angle Applications
Authors: Kim K.‐H. , Park S.‐B. , Shim J.‐U. , Souk J.‐H. , Chen J.
Published: January 2005

Two novel liquid crystal display modes are proposed for wide viewing angle applications. One is named as “electrically‐induced optical compensation (EOC) mode”. It adopts the homeotropic alignment, positive dielectric liquid crystal as well as self domain divided method. The other is named as “Reverse Twisted Hybrid Aligned Nematic(RT HAN) mode” in which the IPS panel structure plus the hybrid LC mode is used. The display principle as well as the performance measured from real displays will be presented.
42.2: A New Conductor Structure for Plastic LCD Applications Utilizing “All Dry” Digital Laser Patterning
Authors: Chu P. Y. Z. , Choi H. C. , Heath L. S. , Ko C. S. , Mack J. , Nagarkar P. , Richard J. , Smyth W. , Wang T.
Published: January 2005

A new conductor material has been developed for plastic film LCD applications. This highly durable conductor has very low sheet resistance (under 10 ohms/square), high optical transmission (over 83%), low birefringence (less than 10 nm), good chemical resistance, very low oxygen & moisture permeability, and excellent thermal and environmental stability. An “all dry” digital laser ablation process was also developed for patterning the conductors.
42.3: Development of a New HDP Source for LCD Etching Process
Authors: Takei H. , Kawamura H. , Ohta Y. , Gardner R.
Published: January 2005

The new HDP (High Density Plasma) source with unique concept has been developed for large area etching process in the field of LCD application. Dual frequency excited plasma (DFEP) was employed and high rate etching performance such as 280nm/min of ITO and 1.7 μ m/min. Of photo resist was confirmed. This HDP source technique has flexibility to be applied for larger substrate.
43.1: A Simple Vision Model for Inhomogeneous Image‐Quality Assessment
Authors: Ahumada A. J. , Beard B. L.
Published: January 2005

The single filter model for image quality assessment previously presented at this meeting breaks down when the image luminance or masking contrast energy varies spatially within the image. A slightly more complex version of the single filter model is presented which allows for these inhomogeneities.
43.2: Visual Scaling of Image Quality for CRT Displays
Authors: Kusunoki Tsuneo , Berns Roy S.
Published: January 2005

Two computer‐controlled monitors with different peak luminances and faceplate reflectances, but with identical calculated contrast, were evaluated visually to determine which had higher perceived contrast and which was preferred. The results of the visual experiment indicated that photometric‐based contrast measurements did not predict perceived contrast whereas monitor peak luminance was more closely correlated. Also, there was no significant difference in visual preference between the two monitors.
44.2L: Multi‐Domain Vertically Aligned Mode
Authors: Konovalov V. A. , Muravski A. A. , Timofeev C. N. , Yakovenko S. Ye
Published: January 2005

We considered electrooptical properties of twisted and non‐twisted vertically aligned (VA) nematic liquid crystals with the main aim to improve their viewing angle, response speed and brightness. Several modes appropriate for applications in multi‐domain and amorphous VA textures are outlined. A new method to obtain multi‐domain homeotropic alignment is developed and electrooptic properties of experimental samples are investigated.
44.4L: FLC Polymer and Plastic Substrates for Use in a Large‐Area Optical Shutter for 3‐D TV
Authors: Okoshi K. , Yuasa K. , Moriwaki F. , Kofuji T.
Published: January 2005

We have developed large area liquid crystal displays combining polymerized ferroelectric liquid crystal and plastic substrate. As an interesting application, 32‐inch(aspect ratio 16:9) film LCD was introduced as an optical shutter for 3D television. The shutter is attached directly to the face plate of 32‐inch conventional TV monitor with the polarizer in the back of the LCD, and we can observe 3D image easily only by wearing glasses with two polarizers in parallel and perpendicular arrangement to the polarizer in the back of the LCD.
Design of Hologram for Brightness Enhancement in Color LCDs
Authors: Valliath G. T. , Coleman Z. A. , Schindler J. L. , Polak R. , Akins R. B. , Jelley K. W.
Published: January 2005

Transmission holographic film for brightness enhancement in full color reflective LCDs is proposed. The hologram is attached to the front of the LCD. The goal is paper‐like brightness within the viewing zone under typical ambient lighting conditions. Optimum viewing and illumination angles have been identified. Modeling and measurements on holograms show that a viewing zone of 20° × 40° will provide a 12× film gain which is adequate to maintain a wide color gamut and brightness.
45.2: A New Multi‐Scan Driver LSI for TFT‐LCD Monitor
Authors: Nitta H. , Furuhashi T. , Mano H. , Tsunekawa S. , Nakamura M.
Published: January 2005

We have developed the new multi‐scan display method without buffer memory which can realize low cost and low power consumption of driving circuits for TFT‐LCD monitor. We have realized the line expansion display by multiple line selection or asynchronous line data latch and the dot expansion display by multiple dot data latch.
45.4 High‐Performance, System‐On‐Silicon, Pixelated Display Controller IC
Authors: Greenberg R. , West M.
Published: January 2005

A very high performance display controller IC for interfacing many types of flat panel display technologies to analog RGB and video has been developed. Input and output resolutions up to UXGA and HDTV are supported. The IC includes an on‐chip frame buffer, programmable image scalars, display timing controller, automatic image capture optimization, on screen display controller, and a 16‐bit microprocessor with peripherals.
45.6L: Late‐News Paper: A 21.3‐in. UXGA TFT‐LCD with New Driving Method
Authors: Nishimura M. , Kohno Y. , Takabayashi Y. , Masutani Y. , Tamatani A. , Shinohara H.
Published: January 2005

A new driving method for large display size and high resolution TFT‐LCD is proposed, where multi dots inversion is used for polarizing pixel and a controlled dual gate selection. A 21.3‐in. UXGA TFT‐LCD which is developed using this driving method and in‐plane switching showed high contrast ratio and flicker free.
46.1: Invited Paper: A 15‐in. XGA TFT‐AFLCD with Quasi‐dc Driving Scheme for Monitor Applications
Authors: Okumura H. , Akiyama M. , Takatoh K. , Uematsu K.
Published: January 2005

We have developed a 15‐inch TFT driven anti‐ferroelectric LCD with XGA resolution for monitor applications; this LCD is the largest of its type and has the highest resolution reported so far. Even in the case of XGA resolution, higher contrast ratio than 100:1 has been achieved by applying novel quasi‐DC driving scheme. Fast response time of less than 50mS in the worse case of gray level that is less than half that of TN‐LCD and wide viewing angle of ±70 horizontally and vertically have also been obtained.
10.2: High‐Resolution High‐Brightness LCD Projectors
Authors: Nagai H. , Kamizawa S. , Koizumi H. , Nishino K. , Suzuki F. , Shimomura H.
Published: January 2005

A new concept of AM‐LCD (Active Matrix‐Liquid Crystal Display) projectors, which utilizes two polarization components p and s from a light source, has been developed. Two prototypes of AM‐LCD projectors that simultaneously demonstrated both of high‐resolution (SXGA) and high‐brightness (1500 and 2500 ANSI lm) for large‐screen systems, based on the new concept, are described.
47.2: Invited Paper: TFT Application of Low‐Temperature Deposited Cat‐CVD Polysilicon Films
Authors: Matsumura H.
Published: January 2005

Cat‐CVD (Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition), often called “Hot‐Wire CVD”, is a new method to obtain device quality thin films. In the method, SiH4 and H2 gases are decomposed by the catalytic cracking reactions with heated tungsten catalyzer placed near substrates, and thus, amorphous silicon (a‐Si) or polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) films can be deposited at temperatures lower than 400° without using plasma. It is found that the structural properties are almost equivalent to those of laser annealed poly‐Si films and that Cat‐CVD poly‐Si is a promising material for high mobility TFT.
47.4: Cost and Yield Model for Comparing a‐Si and Poly‐Si Displays
Authors: Young B. E. , Young R.
Published: January 2005

Low temperature polysilicon displays are beginning to enter the market and are currently used in small (less than 4″, diagonal) panels. There is some debate on the cost benefit of using p‐Si compared to a‐Si. The advantage of p‐Si over a‐Si is the ability to integrate many of the electronic circuits required to drive the display. However, this advantage is offset by the cost of additional equipment, increased process steps and reduced yields. This paper provides a model for evaluating the cost tradeoffs of a‐Si vs. p‐Si in several panel sizes and presents a model for calculating yields when historic data is not available.
48.2: Slant Perception as a Function of Size‐Disparity and Image‐Motion
Authors: Arrington K. F. , Pierce B. J. , Moreno M. A.
Published: January 2005

Slant perception was studied under viewing conditions that combined horizontal‐size, vertical‐size, and overall‐size binocular disparities with motion and static image conditions. For both motion and static conditions, results indicated similar effects of size disparity on perceived slants of disparity and zero‐disparity stimuli. Implications for binocular head mounted display (HMD) systems are considered.
48.4: The Effect of JPEG Coding Scheme on the Perceived Quality of 3‐D Images
Authors: Chen J.‐Y. , Liwei Z. , Ding S.‐Q.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we present an report on the effect of JPEG coding scheme on the perceived quality of 3D images. The general functionality of 3D image compression is discussed, we show that the application of lossy compression to the 3D image pairs has less drawback than to the 2D image of the same scence, two degraded image pairs can give more information than an original 2D one. Studies of different compression rates on the test images have been carried out, evaluation of the processed image pairs is done by the adoption of the CCIR subjective assessment method, some useful results are described to avoid the visible image degradation and the visual strain.
12.1: LED Backlight for LCDs
Authors: Yamada F. , Sakaguichi Y.
Published: January 2005

Cold cathode type fluorescent lamp is widely used for color AM‐LCD back light because of its high efficiency. Recently, high efficiency blue and green LED are become available in the market, which has better color purity than that of fluorescent lamp. In this paper, we studied their potential for the use of LCD back light.

LED back light has an advantage of response time over conventional fluorescent lamps especially when considering color sequential display1 or moving image quality improvement2.

Power efficiency, and spectra of Blue, Green, Red, and white fluorescent lamps and Blue, Green, Red LED's were measured, and driving current ratio of each color LED's, power efficiency, optical power output and brightness of the LED backlight were simulated assuming the white LED backlight has a same chromaticity as that of conventional fluorescent lamp.
12.3: Novel Backlight with High Luminance and Low Power Consumption by Prism‐on‐Light‐Pipe Technology
Authors: Oki Y.
Published: January 2005

This time, we developed high brightness, a backlight for small electric power LCD with 12.1‐inch size.

We have developed high‐brightness Backlight of 12.1 inch in size which is useable for small electric power LCDS. It became possible in doing print nothing with the highly efficient Prism‐on‐Light‐Pipe by this backlight. In the course of development of this Backlight, we newly developed an optical simulator for Backlight through use of ray tracing method and Monte Carlo probability calculation method.
Polymer Light‐Emitting Diode Displays — Device Performance and Applications
Authors: Parker I. D. , Baggao E. , Bailey P. , Cao Y. , Draeger S. , Heeger A. J. , Kaminski J. , Knudson C. , Long J. , Marx T. , Nilsson B. , Peltola J. , Pflanzer R. , Raffetto M. , Ronnfeldt T. , Weber B. , Yu G. , Zhang C.
Published: January 2005

The emerging technology based around polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) promises to have many advantages over existing electroluminescence technologies. Lightweight, battery operated, and highly visible pixellated displays may be beneficial for a broad range of applications in portable electronics, ranging from simple alphanumeric displays to high information content flat panel displays.

PLED displays have now reached a level of performance that is attractive for commercial applications, with operating lifetimes in excess of 10,000 hrs, luminance levels of several hundred cd/m2 and battery‐compatible operating voltages. In this talk we discuss the lifetime and readability issues of passively‐addressed matrix displays developed at UNIAX Corporation.
13.2: A Fourier Analysis of CRT Displays Considering the Mask Structure, Beam Spot Size, and Scan Pattern
Authors: Kato Y. , Yasuda A. , Ichida K.
Published: January 2005

We describe a method to obtain the 2D spectrum of mask‐transmitted image. This method is applied to the analysis of the horizontal resolution of CRTs and effects of scanning lines. The method is used to compare the characteristics of Aperture Grillez CRT and Shadow mask CRT.
14.1: Electron Trajectory Analysis of Surface Conduction Electron Emitter Displays (SEDs)
Authors: Okuda M. , Matsutani S. , Asai A. , Yamano A. , Hatanaka K. , Hara T. , Nakagiri T.
Published: January 2005

Electron trajectories in surface conduction electron emitter displays (SEDs) are analyzed based on the multiple scattering model. Besides calculating beam spot patterns on the phosphor by the ray tracing method, simple formulae for calculating beam spot size and electron emission efficiency are proposed. It is shown that these calculations reproduce experimental results. Using these simulation methods, we can easily estimate electron emission characteristics in the SEDs.
14.3: Luminance Improvement of Low‐Voltage Full‐Color FEDs
Authors: Tanaka M. , Nohara Y. , Tamura K. , Sato K. , Sakurada H.
Published: January 2005

In the conventional system, the focusing electric field was formed by switching the comb‐shaped anode and gate electrode. To achieve higher luminance for our FED, the wiring pattern was modified to increase the drive duty twice the previous one while keeping the focusing effect by anode switching. Besides, discussion was made on a possibility of increasing the anode voltage by the effective utilization of the anode switching.
15.1: A New LC Rear‐Projection Display Based on the “Color‐Grating Method”
Authors: Kanayama H. , Takemori D. , Furuta Y. , Hachiya T. , Miwa T. , Yamauchi K. , Terada K. , Funazou Y. , Kishimoto S.
Published: January 2005

We have developed a rear‐projection display with a novel color separation system, so called the Color Grating Method, comprised of the diffraction grating and the single‐LC panel.

This method realizes the higher brightness and well chromaticity compared with the conventional optical engine using single‐LC with color filter.

Further, we developed a new polarization converter system, using a prism array that consists of several small prisms. A prism array combines both orthogonal polarized light, therefore our optical engine can efficiently utilize a luminosity of a light source. The LC rear‐projection display based on these technologies realized the lower costs and light weight, a slim body and good performance.
A Large Area, Tiled, Gyricon Display
Authors: Preas B. , Vest F. , Richley E. , Sheridon N. , Sprague R.
Published: January 2005

We have demonstrated a large area, low power, thin (1.25 inches thick) Gyricon display using a tiled substrate. The tiles are 12 inch by 12 inch printed circuit boards. One tile carries an embedded processor to provide timing, control and image storage. Images are loaded over a high speed serial port.
Resonant Cavity Electroluminescent Backlights
Authors: Rothberg Lewis J. , Jordan Rebecca H. , Dodabalapur Ananth , Slusher Richart E.
Published: January 2005

Resonant cavity design of organic light‐emitting diodes can be used to make non‐Lambertian sources which have forwarded directed emission well‐suited to applications as backlights for liquid crystal displays. These do not require the cumbersome collection and collimation optics associated with fluorescent lamps. They can therefore be extremely thin, and they operate with low voltage, and potentially have intrinsically polarized emission. The theory for describing the performance of resonant cavity devices emitters is outlined and applied to a model case. Experimental results illustrating forward enhancement of the emission are presented. We also discuss one difficulty with this approach associated with how cavities are preferentially resonant for different colors.
17.4: A High‐Efficiency Cold‐Cathode Fluorescent Lamp for a Backlighting Unit
Authors: Noguchi H.
Published: January 2005

A cold cathode fluorescent lamp has been developed by optimizing dimensions of the tube and employing a Lanthanum‐based compound as the electrode material. Improvement in efficiency of the lamp has been obtained through the optimization of bulb temperature and reduction of cathode fall voltage.
17.5: Rapid‐Response Fluorescent Lamps for Field‐Sequential Full‐Color LCDs
Authors: Fukuzawa T. , Toyooka T. , Sakaguchi Y. , Takeda K. , Yamada F.
Published: January 2005

Field‐sequential illumination is one of the candidate methods for realizing color‐filterless full‐color LCDs. The transient characteristics of red, green, and blue fluorescent lamps are investigated, including those of lamps newly developed for this purpose, using several specifically selected phosphors. Conventional red and green phosphor are not fast enough, but blue phosphor and the proposed red ((Sr, Mg)3(PO4)2:Sn2+) and green (Y3(Al, Ga)5O12:Ce3+) phosphors are fast enough.
18.1:Invited Paper:Recent Developments in Surface Coatings for CRTs
Authors: Tong H.‐S. , Hu C.‐M.
Published: January 2005

With increasing market competition in Color Display Terminals (CDTs), surface coatings featuring good conductivity and antireflection have been experiencing revolutionary changes during the past ten years. In this paper, all coating materials and processing technologies will be reviewed. Most recent developments on surface coating technologies will also be illustrated.
5.1: High Information Content Display Based on Reflective LC on Silicon Light Valves
Authors: Melcher R. L. , Ohhata Motosugu , Enami Kunio
Published: January 2005

A projection display has been developed based on reflective, liquid crystal light valves fabricated on a crystalline silicon active matrix array. The light valves utilize the 45 degree twisted nematic LC mode. The optical system is based on dichroic mirror color separation, three polarizing beam splitters and a dichroic color combining cube. The display has native SXGA or UXGA resolution with full multisync capability for other formats and provides 600 ANSI lumens with 100:1 ANSI contrast.
18.3: A New Layer System for Wideband Anti‐Reflection Coatings Designed for CRTs
Authors: Oyama T. , Ohsaki H. , Hayashi Y. , Tachibana Y.
Published: January 2005

A new AR coating using an absorbing layer has been developed for CRTs. Theoretical analysis has revealed that basic layer system needs only an “ideal” absorbing layer and SiO2. A Glass/TiNxOy/SiO2 layer system made by DC reactive sputtering exhibited wideband anti‐reflection property as well as Iow sheet resistance comparable to conventional transparent multi‐layer stacks. SiNx barrier layer inserted between TiNxOy and SiO2 layers made it durable against the heat treatment during CRT manufacturing process, which realized the commercialization of coated panel glass for CRTs with this layer system.