bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of tidal submergence on potassium nutrition and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Haque MA
Published: October 2012

Field experiments were conducted at Patuakhali Science and Technology University research farm during 2009 T. Aman season to investigate the effect of tidal submergence on potassium nutrition and yield of rice. The experiment included two levels of irrigation water source- i) tidal water and ii) ground water, and three levels of fertilizers- i) absolute control (no fertilizer), ii) NP (K omission), and iii) NPK (K addition). The rice varieties were BR23 (HYV) and Lalmota (traditional variety). A general increase in growth, yield and yield contributing parameters were found due to irrigation with tidal water. Tidal water contributed about 19% (BR23) and 11% (Lalmota) higher grain yield in Aman season 2009 compared to that grown with ground water. Potassium contents of rice grain and straw were always higher when plants are irrigated with tidal water. In general, tidal submergence increased K uptake of rice. The K uptake by BR23 under tidal water was about 47, 43 and 8 kg/ha more than those recorded with ground water irrigation under absolute control, K omission and K addition treatments, respectively whereas it was 31, 21, and 68 kg/ha, in Lalmota. The results indicated that whether fertilizers were applied or not plants absorb considerable amount of K from tidal water. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 433-439, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12086
Performance evaluation of fertigation and micronutrients on fruit yield and quality of summer tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)
Authors: Akanda MA Razzaque , Ahamad M Shahabuddin , Rahman MS , Halim GMA , Hasan MM
Published: October 2012

Fertigation was found technically and economically feasible for tomato cultivation in winter as well as in summer. An experiment was conducted with summer tomato (BARI Hybrid Tomato4) having 2 drip irrigation levels with different levels of NPK and micronutrient (B, Zn, and Mg) during kharif-1 seasons of 2007 and 2008. The fertilizer levels were N100 P55 K120 kg/ha, N100 P55 K120 B1 Zn4 Mg4 kg/ha, N100 P70 K140 kg/ha and N100 P70 K140 B2 Zn6 Mg8 kg/ha and the irrigation levels were drip irrigation at 2 days interval and drip irrigation at 3 days interval. The highest marketable yield of summer tomato (35.90 t/ha and 27.12 t/ha) were obtained from the fertigation treatment with fertilizer doses of N100 P55 K120 B1 Zn4 Mg4 kg/ha irrigated at 2 days interval in 2007 and 2008. The cull yield was also the lowest (2.53 t/ha and 1.15 t/ha) in this treatment in both the years. The lowest tomato yield (20.50 t/ha and 18.29 t/ha) were obtained from the treatment with fertilizer doses N100 P70 K140 kg/ha irrigated at 2 days interval where no micronutrients were used. Fruit quality parameters like TSS, Vitamin-C and ?-carotene were also the highest for the best yielder. So, use of micronutrients with NPK showed a significant effect on quality fruits as well as yield of summer tomato. The best yielder treatment received 261.0 mm of seasonal water including an effective rainfall of 60.5 mm during the crop seasons. The highest BCR (4.41) was also found in the same treatment. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 449-456, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12088
Screening of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm against salinity
Authors: Malek Ma , Islam M Obaidul , Mamtazul M , Sultan MK
Published: October 2012

Out of 78 germplasm of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), 67 germplasm (86%) survived against high salinity (13.82 ds/m) when screened at Benarpota, Satkhira, Khulna. These germplasm showed morphological variations in growth habit, leaf lobes, leaf pubescence, fruit shape, fruit ribs, fruit skin texture, flesh colour, flesh flavor, flesh texture, fruit splitting, fruit aroma, fruit size, seed coat colour, fruit skin colour at fully formed fruit and fruit skin colour at seed harvest maturity. The other qualitative characters, such as tendrils and flowering habit did not show morphological variations. Quantitative variations were observed in leaf length, leaf width, days to staminate flowering, days to pistillate flowering, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, flesh thickness, number of seeds per fruit, days to fruit harvest and 1000-seed weight. Among the germplasm, BD-2255 and BD-9159 had no splitting of fruits. Therefore, these two germplasm can be selected for this trait. The characters, such as number fruits per plant and fruit weight exhibited highest number of fruits per plant (21) and maximum fruit weight (6.25 kg). These two characters should also be considered for improvement of muskmelon. Highest CV (%) was found in number of fruits per plants (36.35) followed by fruit weight (33.86). Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 465-472, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12124
Correlation and path coefficient analysis of mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Majumder DAN , Hassan L , Rahim MA , Kabir MA
Published: October 2012

Sixty diverse genotypes of mango were selected from the Germplasm Centre of BAU during December 2007August 2009 to determine the genotypic and phenotypic correlation along with their direct and indirect effects through path coefficients analysis in mango as to estimate the contribution of most important characters towards yield. It appeared that in most of the cases, the genotypic correlation values were higher than their corresponding phenotypic values. This suggests that there were strong inherent relationship between the traits. Percent flowering shoot had significant positive correlation with inflorescence per shoot, percent perfect flower, percent initial fruit set, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Fruit yield is determined by some components. The residual effects of genetic and phenotypic path analysis were 0.209 and 0.385, respectively, revealed higher genetic variability and also proved lower percent of environmental influence on the selected ten characters. In genotypic path analysis, number of fruits per plant had the highest positive direct effect (0.899) on yield. Higher positive direct effects were also observed for the characters inflorescence per shoot (0.539), percent perfect flower (0.816), and percent initial fruit set (0.292), and fruit weight (0.324). Leaf area, percent flowering shoot, number of fruits per plant, and fruit length showed negative direct effects towards yield. In phenotypic path analysis, except percent flowering, shoot per plant and fruit length and other characters also exhibited similar trend on yield as genotypic path coefficient. In combination with correlation coefficient and path analysis, it was found that number of fruits per plant and percent perfect flower gave significant positive correlation coefficients with yield and also produce the high positive direct effect. Thus, it was clear that plant height, inflorescence per shoot, percent perfect flower, percent initial fruit set per inflorescence, and fruit weight are the major component of fruit yield in mango. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 493-503, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12126
Effect of tillage intensity, fertilizer and manure on root mass density, soil properties and their correlation on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield
Authors: Sarker MM , Matin MA , Hossain MG , Sarker MMR , Huda MS
Published: October 2012

An experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm, Mymensingh during the Aman season of 2008 to study the effect of tillage intensity, fertilizer and manure on the root mass density soil properties and their correlation on rice yield (BRRI dhan 41). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The treatments were three tillage operations as factor A: one passing (P1), two passing (P2), and three passing (P3) of a power tiller and four fertilizer and manure treatments as factor B: recommended dose of fertilizers (FM0), 50% of N plus rest of recommended dose of fertilizers + cowdung @ 5 t/ha (FM1), 50% of N plus rest of recommended dose of fertilizers + rice straw @ 5 t/ha (FM2) and 50% of N plus rest of recommended dose of fertilizer + cowdung @ 2.5 t/ha plus rice straw @ 2.5 t/ha (FM3). The highest and the lowest bulk densities were found in P1FM0 and P3FM treatments, respectively. The maximum soil moisture content and air filled porosity were obtained in P3FM1 treatment, whereas PM1FM0 demonstrated the lowest soil moisture content. The maximum (8.09 mg cm-3) and minimum (1.63 mg cm-3) root mass densities were observed in P3 (10 cm depth) and P1 (10-20 cm depth) treatments, respectively. The highest grain yield was recorded in P3FM0 treatment. Root mass density was positively correlated with soil moisture content and grain yield, but negatively with bulk density. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 529-535, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12129
Morphometrics of cucurbit longicorn (Apomecyna saltator F.) coleoptera: Cerambycidae reared on cucurbit vines
Authors: Khan MMH
Published: October 2012

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 543-546, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12131
Effect of intercropping chili (Capsicum annuum L.) with onion (Allium cepa L.) in sandy regosol
Authors: Brintha I , Seran Thayamini H
Published: October 2012

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 547-550, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12132
Socio-cultural acceptability of cadaver Transplantation in Iran
Authors: Mobasser N , Zahmatkeshan N , Farhadi N , Nikeghbalian S , Hasankhani H
Published: October 2012

Organ transplantation is known to be a new and innovative treatment for patients with progressive organ failures. The present study investigates the current status of transplantation from cadaver along with its socio-cultural acceptability in Iran. The present study is a descriptive research in a systematic review method. Here, by investigating previously conducted researches in Iran during the period 2002- 2010, the status of transplantation from cadaver and its socio-cultural acceptability in Iran has been investigated. To collect the data, the access to Iranmedex website, the premier medical data center in Iran, was made possible using the related keywords. The obtained data indicate whereas there is an increase in the number of organ donations from cadaver, it is still low in comparison to other countries. The lack of consent from families of brain-dead patients is a major hurdle on the way of organ transplantation in Iran. In the cases of willingness to donate organs, the major effective factors were the deceaseds religious beliefs and prior tendency. In 66% of the cases, the donors families deemed organ donation phenomenon effective in alleviating the sorrow after the death of their beloved ones. The number of organ donation from cadaver in Iran is low contrary to other countries. It seems that general instructions to raise the knowledge on the subject and lay the foundation to increase the tendency towards posthumous organ donation are necessary.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(3):63-66 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i3.12133
Adaptability and Survivability of Different Crossbreds cattle under Commercial Dairy Farming Conditions in Chittagong area
Authors: Azam MA , Khan MKI , Das A
Published: October 2012

The present study was undertaken to investigate the adaptability and survivability of different crossbred dairy cows under commercial farming conditions in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Different cattle genotypes (Holstein × Local, Sahiwal × Local, Sahiwal × Holstein and Jersey × Local) were found in the studied farms. The percentages of Holstein × Local was (58.94%) higher than other genotype. The survivability of Holstein × Local, Sahiwal × Local, Sahiwal × Holstein and Jersey × Local calves were 84.0±3.90, 100, 97.1±5.48 and 100 percent, respectively. The survivability of calves and cows were significantly different (P<0.05) among genotype. Survivability of bull-calves and heifers were similar for all the genotypes.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(3):67-70 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i3.12134
Impacts of beel nursery management on the variation of indigenous fish species and its socio-economic profitability: a study in the Dhaka beel, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam KR , Sarker BS , Nazrul KMS , Tonny US , Faruque MO
Published: October 2012

A research work was conducted to observe the beel management of the Dhaka beel situated in Tangail district, Bangladesh. Data were collected through questionnaire survey, discussion and interviewing. Dhaka beel is a 13ha semi-enclosed beel brought under the nursery management project in 2010. The beel was stocked with approximately 100000 fish larvae of 4 days old during May to June. After 60 days of proper management the stocked larvae were sampled and 70,000 of fry were obtained. In the studied beel the annual production was 2.4 mt in 2009 where beel nursery management has increased the production to 7.10 mt in 2010 which also included several non-stocked indigenous fish species. Socio-economic conditions of people were also improved where 80% of the people believed that it was true. Beel management has played an important role to minimize the rapid reduction of many important indigenous species through four to five months of management where fishes got the chance of recruitment. Management, guarding, harvesting, and income were equally shared among the group members. Findings of the present study suggest that beel nursery management can be an excellent scope for improvement of fish production and socio-economic status of the adjacent people. International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(3):76-82 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i3.12136
Yield and quality performances of four tea test clones
Authors: Hossain M I , Ahmed M , Mamun M S A , Sarwar A K M Golam
Published: October 2012

An experiment was carried out during 19942007 to investigate the yield and quality performances of four vegetatively propagated test clones of tea viz. SH/D/11/13, SH/D/11/333, B/HB/2/3 and B/HB/6/4. Two clones, BT1 and TV23, were used as check for quality and yield, respectively. Cuttings of the test clones were collected from the selected bushes of Shumshernugger Tea Estate and hybrid lines of Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) and were raised at BTRI nursery. Then the saplings were managed for long term yield and quality trial following randomized complete block design with 5 replications. The green leaf was harvested at weekly interval during the plucking season starting from mid March to mid December throughout the experimental period. The overall cup quality of the test clones was assessed by conventional organoleptic test. At the immature stage (2nd5th year after plantation), all test clones showed similar yield trend as that of check BT1. At the mature stage (6th13th year), the test clones SH/D/11/333 and B/HB/6/4 gave the significantly higher average yield (3095 and 3342 kg ha1 made tea, respectively) compared to the check BT1 (3042 kg ha1 made tea). The cup quality of all the test clones and BT1 was found to be Above Average while the cup quality of TV23 was Average. Considering the overall performances, the test clones SH/D/11/333 and B/HB/6/4 have been released as BT13 and BT14, respectively for commercial plantation in the tea estates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12036 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 3338, 2012
Effect of row and hill spacing on the yield performance of boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan45) under aerobic system of cultivation
Authors: Sultana M R , Rahman M M , Rahman M H
Published: October 2012

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2008 to April 2009 to evaluate the effect of row and hill spacings on the yield of rice (cv. BRRI dhan45) under aerobic system of cultivation in boro season. Aerobic system is a new water efficient rice production system where the crop is grown by direct seeding on well prepared dry beds and also by maintaining the soil moisture at field capacity during the growing period. The experiment consisted of two row to row spacings viz. 20 and    25 cm, and five hill to hill spacings viz., 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Results revealed that the crop sown at 25 cm ×15 cm produced the highest grain yield of 5.69 t ha-1 whereas the lowest grain yield of 2.11 t ha-1 was found with 20 cm × 2.5 cm spacing. The present study concludes that the highest grain yield of BRRI dhan45 during boro season under aerobic system of cultivation could be achieved by sowing at 25 cm ×15 cm spacing.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12037   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 3942, 2012
Gross and histological studies of digestive tract of broilers during postnatal growth and development
Authors: Nasrin M , Siddiqi M N H , Masum M A , Wares M A
Published: October 2012

We studied anatomy and histology of different segments of the digestive tract in postnatal growing broiler chickens  with regard to their location, shape, size and weight. A group of four chickens, each at day 1 (D1), days 14 (D14) and  days 28 (D28), total 12, were killed, their digestive tracts were dissected and described and shape, size and weight of  different segments were recorded. Samples from different segments were prepared and stained with haematoxylin  and eosin staining technique to study the histology under light microscope. The average lengths (cm) and weights  (gm) of esophagus, proventriculus (glandular stomach), gizzard (muscular stomach), small intestine and large  intestine were significantly higher (P<0.01) in chickens at D28 than that at D14 and at D1. The histological layers of  digestive tract were lamina epithelia, lamina propria, lamina muscularis, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa  with the exception in esophagus where outer adventitia was found. The esophageal glands were significantly more in  numbers at D1 (in cross section, 12 in number per focus under 100x) than at D14 (6 in number per focus under 100x)  and at D28 (2 in number per focus under 100x). The proventriculus consisted of macroscopic papillae with numerous  microscopic folds with lamina propria comprised of simple glands, which converged into a common cavity near the  surface. In gizzard, the cuticle, in the form of wavy lines ran parallel to the surface. The villi of small intestine and  large intestine were lined by simple columnar epithelium. The apical parts of villi of the duodenum were slightly  pointed and the basal parts of the villi were thicker than jejunum and ileum, whereas, the villi of the jejunum and ileum  became shorter and broader than duodenum and most of the villi had blunt apical part and the basal parts were  wider. The numbers of goblet cells were numerous in number in ileum than duodenum and jejunum. Plicae ran along  the inner surface of the distal two thirds of the cacea. However, in the colorectum, the villi appeared as numerous  long flat leaf-shaped structures which filled a large proportion of the lumen. The average lengths and widths of villi of  small and large intestine were significantly higher (P<0.01) in chickens at D28 than that at D14 and at D1. The number  of goblet cells in lamina epithelium and intestinal glands of the lamina propria were numerous in number at D28 than  the chickens at D14 and at D1.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12096   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 6977, 2012
Experimental pathogenesis of pullorum disease in chicks by local isolate of Salmonella Pullorum in Bangladesh
Authors: Haider M G , Chowdhury E H , Ahmed A K M , Hossain M M
Published: October 2012

This study was undertaken to observe the experimental pathogenesis of locally isolated Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Pullorum in chicks. Fifty chicks were experimentally infected by the oral route with 2 x    107 (CFU) units of Salmonella Pullorum organisms reconstituted in 0.5 ml of sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS), PH 7.2 and 50 chicks were given only 0.5 ml of sterile PBS as control. Observations were made on clinical signs, gross pathology, and reisolation of S. Pullorum from different organs and blood, histopathological lesions, detection of antibody levels and detection of S. Pullorum by PCR at different time intervals of experimental period. Five birds were randomly selected and sacrificed on 6 hrs before inoculation and 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 2 days, 3 days, 1st week, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks of post infection (PI). The clinical signs of infected chicks were depression, loss of appetite, huddled together, loss of feed and water intake, reduced mean body weights, ruffled feathers, diarrhoea, laboured breathing and pasty vent. The highest gross lesion was (84%) unabsorbed and coagulated yolk and the lowest lesion was (32%) pericarditis and necrotic foci/ nodules in heart. Microscopically, the liver showed congestion, focal necrosis with multifocal infiltration of histiocytes in liver parenchyma. Salmonella organisms were reisolated from different organs and blood at 12 hrs PI. The antibody titre increased gradually and the highest titer was 7275.717 ± 5087.24 at 4 wks PI. In rapid plate agglutination test, the positive result was found from one wk of PI with the sera of infected birds. At 12hrs PI Salmonella was detected by PCR from 20% liver and 20% lung samples of infected birds and no Salmonella was isolated from control group. The orally inoculated Salmonella Pullorum organisms produced lesions in digestive tract, invaded digestive tracts and entered to blood and seeded to different organs in different time intervals and ultimately produced clinical signs, gross and microscopic tissue lesions with immunological response.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12098   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 8794, 2012
Evaluation of some chemical parameters of powder milk available in Mymensingh town
Authors: Kajal M F I , Wadud A , Islam M N , Sarma P K
Published: October 2012

The study was undertaken to evaluate some chemical parameters of powder milk available in Mymensingh town. Powder milk samples of six different brands namely Kwality, NIDO, Diploma, Anchor, Farmland & Starship were collected from local market. Powder samples were analyzed to know the chemical (PH, acidity, fat, protein, lactose, ash, moisture, solids-not-fat, total solids) characteristics. PH, acidity of all samples was almost similar to the cow milk  when the dried milk was reconstituted. PH ranged from 6.6-6.8, acidity from 0.10-0.15, fat from 26.198-27.89 g/100 g,  protein from 25.22-27.01 g/100g, lactose from 36.63-37.65 g/100g, ash from 5.34-5.48 g/100g, moisture from 3.36-4.48 g/100g, solids-not-fat from 67.99-70.07 g/100g, total solids from 95.51-96.63 g/100g, among the brands of powder milk. Statistical analysis showed significant variation for (PH and acidity) among different powder milk brands. chemical parameters in all brands of milk powder was found as per recommended standard. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12099 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 95100, 2012
Utilization of parboiled rice polish based diet with supplementation of phytase and carbohydrase in growing ducklings
Authors: Naher B , Miah M Y , Roahman M M , Wahid M A
Published: October 2012

A total of 60 day old straight run pekin ducklings were fed ad libitum on 6 diets viz, D1- 15% parboiled rice polish (PRP) based diet, D2- D1 + Mixed enzyme (Carbohydrase 120 ppm/kg + phytase 1000FYT/kg), D3- 25% parboiled rice polish (PRP) based diet, D4 - D3 + Mixed enzyme ( Carbohydrase 120 ppm/kg + phytase 1000FYT/kg), D5-35%   parboiled rice polish (PRP) based diet, D6 - D5+ Mixed enzyme ( Carbohydrase 120 ppm/kg + phytase 1000FYT/kg)  for 84 days. Diets were supplied two stages containing 22.5, 22.5, 22.8% CP for starter and 16.4, 16.9, 17% CP for finisher. Increasing PRP levels without enzyme decreased live weight, feed intake and feed conversion but increase  profitability without affecting livability. Addition of mixed enzyme promoted growth, feed conversion significantly  (P<0.01), but did not alter livability. The rate of improvement in performance for enzyme supplementation increased  with increasing level of dietary PRP. Therefore, it was concluded that it is possible to reduce costly grain by using PRP in duck ration and supplementation of phytase and carbohydrase in PRP diet may be beneficial to improve performance of ducks.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12100   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 101106, 2012
Socioeconomic impact of rice-cum-fish culture in a selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman M A , Haque S , Sarma P K
Published: October 2012

The study examines the impact of the rice-cum-fish culture and the rice-mono culture on the rural households at  Muktaghachha upazila of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 100 farmers of five villages  following stratified random sampling technique. Activity budgets were prepared and comparisons were made through the tabular and statistical analyses. Both the rice-cum-fish culture and the rice-mono culture were profitable business  for the farmers. However, farmers earned about 3 times higher profits from the rice-cum-fish culture than the ricemono culture. Per hectare net returns of the rice-cum-fish culture and the rice-mono culture were Tk. 15345.00 and  5389.50, respectively. Rice yield, fish consumption, total cost were increased by 11.4, 14.5 and 48.9 percent  respectively while human labour employment was increased by 9.4 percent in the integrated rice-cum-fish culture compared to the rice-mono culture. The study clearly hints that the rice-cum-fish culture provides greater scope for higher returns and employment opportunities of human labour than the rice-mono culture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12103 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 119123, 2012
In-store losses of rice and ways of reducing such losses at farmers level: An assessment in selected regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Abedin M Z , Rahman M Z , Mia M I A , Rahman K M M
Published: October 2012

The study aimed at assessing the in-store losses of rice caused by biotic and abiotic factors in the storage  structures/containers at farmers level. The farmers suggested ways of reducing in-store losses of rice are also    discussed. A total of 96 villages covering 26 Upazilas under 14 civil districts across all the divisions of the country  were selected for present investigation. The districts were put under five different regions to capture the dimensions of study. In all, 1360 samples of Aus, Aman and Boro rice farmers were selected randomly and purposively from the study areas and put into marginal, small, medium and large farm category based on their land ownerships. Data were  collected through pre-tested questionnaires. Different traditional rice storage structures/containers like Dole, Berh,  Inside-house Gola, Outside-house Gola, Steel/Plastic drums, Motka, Gunny bag and Plastic/Polythene bags were  commonly used by farmers in the study areas. The storage time of rice varied from 3.05 to 7.24 months irrespective  of rice, farm and region with the overall average being 5.5 months. Significant losses in stored rice occurred through the activities of both biotic and abiotic factors. The average in-store losses occurred for Aus, Aman and Boro rice  were respectively 3.68, 3.80 and 4.12% with the aggregated average being 3.92%. The average in-store losses of     rice in large, medium, small and marginal farmers were 4.48, 3.92, 4.0 and 3.59% respectively. The in-store losses occurred in regions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 3.31, 5.23, 3.62, 4.44 and 3.25% respectively. The farmers suggested a  number of ways for reducing in-store losses of rice including training on capacity building and awareness for safe storage, credit for constructing durable storage structure, construction of common storage structures at village/union  level, preventive measures against biotic and abiotic factors, supplying farmers with durable storage containers and,  keeping them well ahead informed about the natural calamities.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12105   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 133144, 2012
Growth performance of tilapia fingerling in cage in ponds managed by Adivasi households: An assessment through length-weight relationship
Authors: Gupta N , Haque M M , Khan M
Published: October 2012

This study was conducted to assess the growth performances of cage reared GIFT strain of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerling using length-weight (LW) relationship technique. Along with this, condition factor (K) of fish and   pond water quality parameters were also brought under this study to have broader understanding. For LW  relationship and K, a sample size of 120 fingerlings was made from randomly selected three different cages in a pond  at Tarala village in Kaharole Upazila of Dinajpur District, Bangladesh. The length-weight relationship of tilapia  fingerlings reared in cages managed by Adivasi people was significant. The value of correlation coefficient (r) and the coefficient of determination (r2) were 0.97 and 0.94 respectively. This suggests that growth of tilapia from fry to  fingerling was normal in cages. The condition factor of different size group of fish was almost closed to 2, indicating  fish health as satisfactory. All the water quality parameters including temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen,ammonia-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen and pH were within suitable range both in cages and  outside the cage in pond. About 5 phyla and 25 genera of phytoplankton from Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Rhodophyceae groups and one phylum and 5 genera of zooplankton from Rotifera group were found in cage installed in ponds. These all indicate the growth of tilapia fingerling in cages was satisfactory which was technically sound for landless adivasi households.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12107   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 149155, 2012
Pathogenicity of the bacterial isolate Aeromonas hydrophila to catfishes, carps and perch
Authors: Sarkar M J A , Rashid M M
Published: October 2012

Pathogenicity of a bacterial isolate Aeromonas hydrophila recovered from naturally diseased shing fish was investigated against catfishes (Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus), carps (Labeo rohita, Catla catla and  Cirrhinus cirrhosus) and perch (Anabas testudineus) of average body weight of 20.4 g for H. fossilis, 25.6 g for C.  Batrachus, 35.2 g for L. rohita, 25.7 g for C. catla, 30.5 g for C. cirrhosus and 20.3 g for A. testudineus. Two different  doses viz. 6.7 × 106 and 6.7 × 105 CFU/fish were injected intramuscularly. Pathogenicity of A. hydrophila was confirmed at water temperature of 30°C by mortality of 60% to 100% of all the tested fishes within 2-11 days. Injected  A. hydrophila was re-isolated from liver, kidney and intestine of all the tested fishes. The highest bacterial loads in catfishes were found to be 5.5 × 108 CFU/g in the liver of H. fossilis and 5.6 × 107 CFU/g in the intestine of C.  batrachus. The lowest bacterial loads were found to be 2.2 × 102 CFU/g in the kidney of H. fossilis and 2.4 × 103 CFU/g in the liver of C. batrachus. The highest bacterial loads in carps were found to be 4.9 × 109 CFU/g in the liver  of C. catla, 7.7 × 108 CFU/g in the intestine of L. rohita and 5.8 × 108 CFU/g in the intestine of C. cirrhosus. The   lowest bacterial loads were found to be 2.7 × 104 CFU/g in the kidney of C. catla, 3.0 ×104 CFU/g in the kidney of L   rohita and 5.6 × 103 CFU/g in the kidney of C. cirrhosus. The highest and lowest bacterial load in perch was found to  be 6.4 × 10' CFU/g and 1.6 × 102 CFU/g in the intestine and kidney of A. testudineus respectively. In all the cases of  intramuscular injection, external pathology was found. Reddish anal region and fm bases were observed. It was   understood that the isolate was a highly virulent pathogen for the challenged fishes.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12108   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 157161, 2012
Effects of addition of mola at different densities on production of giant freshwater prawn
Authors: Pervin R , Wahab M A , Fatema K , Khan M S R
Published: October 2012

The effects of mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) at different densities in polyculture with freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) were investigated at the Fisheries Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University,  Mymensingh. The experiment had three treatments, viz. prawn + 1 mola m-2, prawn + 1.5 mola m-2 and prawn + 2 mola m-2 and were treated as T1, T2, and T3, respectively with three replications in each. Prawn stocking density was  same (3 juvenile m-2) in all treatments. Feeds were applied twice daily for prawn. Assuming 80% survival, feeding  rates were gradually reduced to 10-5% of body weight from the beginning to the last month. Water quality parameters  (except transparency, chlorophyll-a) did not vary significantly (P>0.05). Weight gain, SGR (% body weight), gross and  net production of prawn were not significantly different (P>0.05). Higher total production was recorded in T3 (574.61  ±39.58 kg ha-1) followed by TI (531.65±42.40 kg ha-1) and T2 (514.75±77.91 kg ha-1). It was found that addition of  mola at different densities had no effects on survival and production performance of prawn. Therefore, nutrient-dense mola may be stocked as an additional species with freshwater prawn. It might be concluded that treatment T3 was better proposition for prawn-mola polyculture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12109 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 163167, 2012
Book Ownership in Late Eighteenth-Century Scotland: a Local Case Study of Dumfriesshire Inventories
Authors: Dunstan Vivienne
Published: October 2012

Late eighteenth-century Scotland saw a period of growth in the availability of print material set against the backdrop of the Scottish Enlightenment. Yet despite much scholarly attention having been paid to the Enlightenment and an increasing interest in the books people were reading, little attention has been paid to the books that would have been found in individual Scottish houses and what they reveal about Scottish mindsets in these years. This paper addresses this topic, using a local case study of after-death inventories of personal possessions. These rich records reveal the size of household libraries, the varieties of books they contained, variation by occupation and social class, and the extent to which their owners engaged with and were influenced by debates and ideas of the time. In addition, the evidence allows us to consider the uses to which different types of books were put, examine differences between urban and provincial Scotland, and consider how and where people bought their books.
From lifelong education to lifelong learning
Authors: Barros Rosanna
Published: October 2012

When we think about current adult education in the context of the uneven and contradictory social and economic impact of globalization, it necessarily implies thinking about the transfer from the paradigm of lifelong education to the paradigm of lifelong learning. We shall examine the essential quality involved in the social significance and the political dimension of each of these paradigms, because, since the post-war period, both became innovative educational policy strategies capable of mobilizing and transforming society. We would like to stress the importance of rethinking the role of adult education today in the light of the responsibilities shifting from the state to individuals, arising from the implications of this transition of paradigms: we do this by framing it in the context of the socio-productive restructuring movement, which speeded up the move from the so-called model of qualification, associated to social emancipation, to what is known as the model of competence (later competences), which is associated with individual empowerment. Therefore in this article we intend to question this new policy direction, which is associated with a conceptual and methodological shift in adult education practices, by using the prism of a critical sociology of education.
Comparing Popular and State education in Latin America and Europe
Authors: Kane Liam
Published: October 2012

In the 1970s, a radical adult education movement in Latin America, operating outside the state and engaging in what it called popular education, sparked world-wide interest in its educational theory and practice. More recently, with a change in state formations in Latin America, the movement has reconsidered its potential relationship with the state. Though Europe has its own history of popular education, some have argued that advanced economies and welfare states co-opted any strong independent educational movement: today popular education is more likely to take place within and against the state, rather than outside it. Based on literature review, personal interviews and site visits, this article (a) discusses what is understood by popular education (b) outlines the development of popular education in Latin America, examining its relationship with different types of state (c) considers differences between Latin America and Europé and what, if anything, popular educators in the two regions might learn from each other.
Fluorinated and Non-Fluorinated Electro-Optic Copolymers: Determination of the Time and Temperature Stability of the Induced Electro-Optic Coefficient
Authors: Belardini Alessandro
Published: October 2012

Organic fluorinated materials demonstrate their excellent electro-optic properties and versatility for technological applications. The partial substitution of hydrogen with fluorine in carbon-halides bounds allows the reduction of absorption losses at the telecommunication wavelengths. In these interesting compounds, the electro-optic coefficient was typically induced by a poling procedure. The magnitude and the time stability of the coefficient is an important issue to be investigated in order to compare copolymer species. Here, a review of different measurement techniques (such as nonlinear ellipsometry, second harmonic generation, temperature scanning and isothermal relaxation) was shown and applied to a variety of fluorinated and non-fluorinated electro-optic compounds.
Importance of Attenuation Correction (AC) for Small Animal PET Imaging
Authors: El Ali Henrik H. , Bodholdt Rasmus Poul , Jørgensen Jesper Tranekjær , Myschetzky Rebecca , Kjaer Andreas
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a correction for annihilation photon attenuation in small objects such as mice is necessary. The attenuation recovery for specific organs and subcutaneous tumors was investigated. A comparison between different attenuation correction methods was performed. Methods: Ten NMRI nude mice with subcutaneous implantation of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were scanned consecutively in small animal PET and CT scanners (MicroPETTM Focus 120 and ImTek’s MicroCATTM II). CT-based AC, PET-based AC and uniform AC methods were compared. Results: The activity concentration in the same organ with and without AC revealed an overall attenuation recovery of 9–21% for MAP reconstructed images, i.e., SUV without AC could underestimate the true activity at this level. For subcutaneous tumors, the attenuation was 13 ± 4% (9–17%), for kidneys 20 ± 1% (19–21%), and for bladder 18 ± 3% (15–21%). The FBP reconstructed images showed almost the same attenuation levels as the MAP reconstructed images for all organs. Conclusions: The annihilation photons are suffering attenuation even in small subjects. Both PET-based and CT-based are adequate as AC methods. The amplitude of the AC recovery could be overestimated using the uniform map. Therefore, application of a global attenuation factor on PET data might not be accurate for attenuation correction.
Molecular Assemblies of Porphyrins and Macrocyclic Receptors: Recent Developments in Their Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Vinodh Mickey , Alipour Fatemeh H. , Mohamod Abdirahman A. , Al-Azemi Talal F.
Published: October 2012

Metalloporphyrins which form the core of many bioenzymes and natural light harvesting or electron transport systems, exhibit a variety of selective functional properties depending on the state and surroundings with which they exist in biological systems. The specificity and ease with which they function in each of their bio-functions appear to be largely governed by the nature and disposition of the protein globule around the porphyrin reaction center. Synthetic porphyrin frameworks confined within or around a pre-organized molecular entity like the protein network in natural systems have attracted considerable attraction, especially in the field of biomimetic reactions. At the same time a large number of macrocyclic oligomers such as calixarenes, resorcinarenes, spherands, cyclodextrins and crown ethers have been investigated in detail as efficient molecular receptors. These molecular receptors are synthetic host molecules with enclosed interiors, which are designed three dimensionally to ensure strong and precise molecular encapsulation/recognition. Due to their complex structures, enclosed guest molecules reside in an environment isolated from the outside and as a consequence, physical properties and chemical reactions specific to that environment in these guest species can be identified. The facile incorporation of such molecular receptors into the highly photoactive and catalytically efficient porphyrin framework allows for convenient design of useful molecular systems with unique structural and functional properties. Such systems have provided over the years attractive model systems for the study of various biological and chemical processes, and the design of new materials and molecular devices. This review focuses on the recent developments in the synthesis of porphyrin assemblies associated with cyclodextrins, calixarenes and resorcinarenes and their potential applications in the fields of molecular encapsulation/recognition, and chemical catalysis.
10-Acetylirciformonin B, A Sponge Furanoterpenoid, Induces DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells
Authors: Su Jui-Hsin , Chang Wen-Been , Chen Huei-Mei , El-Shazly Mohamed , Du Ying-Chi , Kung Ting-Hsuan , Chen Yu-Cheng , Sung Ping-Jyun , Ho Yuan-Shing , Kuo Fu-Wen , Lu Mei-Chin
Published: October 2012

10-Acetylirciformonin B, a furanoterpenoid derived from irciformonin B found in a marine sponge, has been reported to possess potent cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines. However, the mechanism of its apoptotic activity against human leukemia cells has never been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of 10-acetylirciformonin B and its possible mechanism of action against leukemia HL 60 cells. We found that 10-acetylirciformonin B decreased cell viability through the inhibition of cell growth as well as the induction of DNA damage and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The induction of DNA damage was mediated by the increase of p-CHK2 and γ-H2A.X, which was suggested from the increase of tail movement in the neutral Comet assay. Induction of apoptosis was mediated with the increase in caspases 8, 9 and 3 activation as well as PARP cleavage. In summary, our resultsindicate that 10-acetylirciformonin B treatment causes apoptosis in leukaemia cells; probably through a caspase-dependent regulatory pathway.
A Practical Synthesis of Betulonic Acid Using Selective Oxidation of Betulin on Aluminium Solid Support
Authors: Melnikova Nina , Burlova Irina , Kiseleva Tatiana , Klabukova Irina , Gulenova Marina , Kislitsin Аleksey , Vasin Viktor , Tanaseichuk Boris
Published: October 2012

The room temperature oxidation of betulin by Cr(VI) compounds in aqueous acetone on solid supports such as alumina, zeolites and silica gel has been studied. The oxidation on alumina support leaded to a single product—betulonic acid—in quantitative yield. One hundred percent selective oxidation during 30 min of betulin up to betulonic aldehyde was determined when silica gel support was used. The oxidation of betulin using zeolites as a support gives a mixture of betulonic acid and aldehyde in a 2:1 ratio. It is proposed the selective oxidation up to betulonic acid is due to the influence of Al3+-ions.
Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Fruit Extract Improves Physical Fatigue and Exercise Performance in Mice
Authors: Wang Shih-Yi , Huang Wen-Ching , Liu Chieh-Chung , Wang Ming-Fu , Ho Chin-Shan , Huang Wen-Pei , Hou Chia-Chung , Chuang Hsiao-Li , Huang Chi-Chang
Published: October 2012

Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) is a popular and nutritious vegetable consumed worldwide. The overall purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of C. moschata fruit extract (CME) on anti-fatigue and ergogenic functions following physiological challenges. Male ICR mice from four groups designated vehicle, CME-50, CME-100 and CME-250, respectively (n = 8 per group in each test) were orally administered CME for 14 days at 0, 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg/day. The anti-fatigue activity and exercise performance were evaluated using exhaustive swimming time, forelimb grip strength, as well as levels of plasma lactate, ammonia, glucose, and creatine kinase after an acute swimming exercise. The resting muscular and hepatic glycogen was also analyzed after 14-day supplementation with CME. Trend analysis revealed that CME treatments increased grip strength. CME dose-dependently increased 5% body weight loaded swimming time, blood glucose, and muscular and hepatic glycogen levels. CME dose-dependently decreased plasma lactate and ammonia levels and creatine kinase activity after a 15-min swimming test. The mechanism was relevant to the increase in energy storage (as glycogen) and release (as blood glucose), and the decrease of plasma levels of lactate, ammonia, and creatine kinase. Therefore, CME may be potential for the pharmacological effect of anti-fatigue.
Neutralizing Antibodies and Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Fafi-Kremer Samira , Fauvelle Catherine , Felmlee Daniel J. , Zeisel Mirjam B. , Lepiller Quentin , Fofana Isabel , Heydmann Laura , Stoll-Keller Françoise , Baumert Thomas F.
Published: October 2012

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The interplay between the virus and host innate and adaptive immune responses determines the outcome of infection. There is increasing evidence that host neutralizing responses play a relevant role in the resulting pathogenesis. Furthermore, viral evasion from host neutralizing antibodies has been revealed to be an important contributor in leading both to viral persistence in acute liver graft infection following liver transplantation, and to chronic viral infection. The development of novel model systems to study HCV entry and neutralization has allowed a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of virus-host interactions during antibody-mediated neutralization. The understanding of these mechanisms will ultimately contribute to the development of novel antiviral preventive strategies for liver graft infection and an urgently needed vaccine. This review summarizes recent concepts of the role of neutralizing antibodies in viral clearance and protection, and highlights consequences of viral escape from neutralizing antibodies in the pathogenesis of HCV infection.