bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic changes in immune cells induced by granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis in patients with severe COVID‐19: An ex vivo study
Authors: Hisamune Ryo , Yamakawa Kazuma , Kayano Katsuhide , Ushio Noritaka , Wada Takeshi , Taniguchi Kohei , Takasu Akira
Published: August 2024

Aims

SARS‐CoV‐2 causes systemic immune dysfunction, leading to severe respiratory dysfunction and multiorgan dysfunction. Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) therapy is designed to regulate an excessive inflammatory response and has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). We aimed to investigate a targeted subset of granulocytes and monocytes to be removed after GMA therapy in patients with severe COVID‐19 infection.

Methods

We established an ex vivo experimental system to study the effects of GMA. Blood samples were collected into EDTA‐treated tubes and a mixture of blood samples and cellulose acetate beads was used in GMA. After GMA, blood samples were removed, and the granulocyte and monocyte subtypes before and after GMA were determined by CyTOF mass cytometry. To analyze mass cytometry data with a self‐organizing map, hierarchical clustering was used to determine the appropriate number of metaclusters from t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding.

Results

We included seven patients with severe COVID‐19 and four age‐ and sex‐matched volunteers. Granulocyte subsets removed by GMA strongly expressed CD11b, CD16, and CD66b, and weakly expressed CD11c, consistent with mature and activated neutrophils. Monocyte subsets strongly expressed CD14, weakly expressed CD33 and CD45RO, and did not express CD16. These subsets were indicated to promote the release of inflammatory cytokines and activate T cells.

Conclusions

The identification of the granulocyte and monocyte subsets removed after GMA in patients with severe COVID‐19 may help explain the potential mechanism underlying the effectiveness of GMA in COVID‐19 and other inflammatory diseases.
Organic‐Inorganic Coupling Strategy: Clamp Effect to Capture Mg2+ for Aqueous Magnesium Ion Capacitor
Authors: Li Mudi , Ding Yaxi , Zhang Siwen , Liu Minghui , Li Jiazhuo , Sun Ying , Zhu Lingfeng , Li Hui , Yu Zhi Gen , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Pan Hongge , Yin Bosi , Ma Tianyi
Published: August 2024

The rapid transport kinetics of divalent magnesium ions are crucial for achieving distinguished performance in aqueous magnesium‐ion battery‐based energy storage capacitors. However, the strong electrostatic interaction between Mg2+ with double charges and the host material significantly restricts Mg2+ diffusivity. In this study, a new composite material, EDA‐Mn2O3, with double‐energy storage mechanisms comprising an organic phase (ethylenediamine, EDA) and an inorganic phase (manganese sesquioxide) was successfully synthesized via an organic–inorganic coupling strategy. Inorganic‐phase Mn2O3 serves as a scaffold structure, enabling the stable and reversible intercalation/deintercalation of magnesium ions. The organic phase EDA adsorbed onto the surface of Mn2O3 as an elastic matrix, works synergistically with Mn2O3, and utilizes bidentate chelating ligands to capture Mg2+. The robust coordination effect of terminal biprotonic amine in EDA enhances the structural diversity and specific capacity characteristics of the composite material, as further corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, ex situ XRD, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. As expected, the EDA‐Mn2O3 composite achieved an outstanding specific discharge capacity of 188.97 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g. Additionally, an aqueous magnesium ion capacitor with EDA‐Mn2O3 serving as the cathode can reach 110.17 Wh/kg, which stands out among the aqueous magnesium ion capacitors that have been reported thus far. The abundant reversible redox sites are ensured by the strategic design concept based on the synergistic structure and composition advantages of organic and inorganic phases. This study aimed to explore the practical application value of organic‐inorganic composite electrodes with double‐energy storage mechanisms.
“One‐Stone, Two‐Birds”: Zinc‐Rich Metal–Organic Frameworks as Precursors for High‐Entropy Zn‐Air Battery Electrocatalysts with Hierarchical Pore Structures
Authors: Su Jianwen , Wan Yinji , Feng Long , Huang Dingding , Kai Chu Hsing , Zhang Xuan , Geng Xiaoye , Wang Yonggang , Zhong Ruiqin , Zou Ruqiang
Published: August 2024

The active sites of inexpensive transition metal electrocatalysts are sparse and singular, thus high‐entropy alloys composed of non‐precious metals have attracted considerable attention due to their multi‐component synergistic effects. However, the facile synthesis of high‐entropy alloy composites remains a challenge. Herein, we report a “one‐stone, two‐birds” method utilizing zinc (Zn)‐rich metal–organic frameworks as precursors, by virtue of the low boiling point of Zn (907 °C) and its high volatility in alloys, high‐entropy alloy carbon nanocomposite with a layered pore structure was ultimately synthesized. The experimental results demonstrate that the volatilization of zinc can prevent metal agglomeration and contribute to the formation of uniformly dispersed high‐entropy alloy nanoparticles at slower pyrolysis and cooling rates. Simultaneously, the volatilization of Zn plays a crucial role in creating the hierarchically porous structure. Compared to the zinc‐free HEA/NC‐1, the HEA/NC‐5 derived from the precursor containing 0.8 Zn exhibit massive micropores and mesopores. The resulting nanocomposites represent a synergistic effect between highly dispersed metal catalytic centers and hierarchical adsorption sites, thus achieving excellent electrocatalytic oxygen reduction performance with low catalyst loading compared to commercial Pt/C. This convenient zinc‐rich precursor method can be extended to the production of more high‐entropy alloys and various application fields.
Quantifying Interface‐Performance Relationships in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction through Mixed‐Dimensional Assembly of Nanocrystal‐on‐Nanowire Superstructures
Authors: Chen Hushui , Xiao Taishi , Xia Yan , Song Hengyao , Xi Xiangyun , Huang Xianwu , Yang Dong , Li Tongtao , Sun Zhengzong , Dong Angang
Published: August 2024

Fine‐tuning the interfacial sites within heterogeneous catalysts is pivotal for unravelling the intricate structure–property relationship and optimizing their catalytic performance. Herein, a simple and versatile mixed‐dimensional assembly approach is proposed to create nanocrystal‐on‐nanowire superstructures with precisely adjustable numbers of biphasic interfaces. This method leverages an efficient self‐assembly process in which colloidal nanocrystals spontaneously organize onto Ag nanowires, driven by the solvophobic effect. Importantly, varying the ratio of the two components during assembly allows for accurate control over both the quantity and contact perimeter of biphasic interfaces. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a series of Au‐on‐Ag superstructures with varying numbers of Au/Ag interfaces are constructed and employed as electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO2‐to‐CO conversion. Experimental results reveal a logarithmic linear relationship between catalytic activity and the number of Au/Ag interfaces per unit mass of Au‐on‐Ag superstructures. This work presents a straightforward approach for precise interface engineering, paving the way for systematic exploration of interface‐dependent catalytic behaviors in heterogeneous catalysts.
Customized Heteronuclear Dual Single‐Atom and Cluster Assemblies via D‐Band Orchestration for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Jingshuai , Jiang Bin , Yang Liu , Sun Yongli , Li Haojie , Shen Haochen , Dou Haozhen , Xiao Xiaoming , Xu Mi , Zhai Yong , Zhang Congcong , Zhang Luhong , Chen Zhongwei
Published: August 2024

Advanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, integrating with well‐dispersed single atom (SA) and atomic cluster (AC) sites, showcase potential in bolstering catalytic activity. However, the precise structural modulation and in‐depth investigation of their catalytic mechanisms pose ongoing challenges. Herein, a proactive cluster lockdown strategy is introduced, relying on the confinement of trinuclear clusters with metal atom exchange in the covalent organic polymers, enabling the targeted synthesis of a series of multicomponent ensembles featuring FeCo (Fe or Co) dual‐single‐atom (DSA) and atomic cluster (AC) configurations (FeCo‐DSA/AC) via thermal pyrolysis. The designed FeCo‐DSA/AC surpasses Fe‐ and Co‐derived counterparts by 18 mV and 49 mV in ORR half‐wave potential, whilst exhibiting exemplary performance in Zn‐air batteries. Comprehensive analysis and theoretical simulation elucidate the enhanced activity stems from adeptly orchestrating dz2‐dxz and O 2p orbital hybridization proximate to the Fermi level, fine‐tuning the antibonding states to expedite OH* desorption and OOH* formation, thereby augmenting catalytic activity. This work elucidates the synergistic potentiation of active sites in hybrid electrocatalysts, pioneering innovative targeted design strategies for single‐atom‐cluster electrocatalysts.
Availability of π–Cation Radical in the Oxidative Products of Oxidovanadium Porphyrin: Significance for DNA Binding and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Muzaddadi Ijaz Ullah , Murugan Arumugam , Saha Shankhadeep , Raman Natarajan , Selvaraj Freeda Selva Sheela , Manohar Arumugam , Kulandaisamy Antonysamy , Kumar Pradeep , Borah Rituraj , Shellaiah Muthaiah , Ravikumar C. R. , Hussain Mohammad Farid
Published: August 2024

Oxidovanadium meso‐tetrakis(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl) porphyrin [VO(T(OMe)3PP)] (Complex 1) was prepared. The oxidation product of Complex 1 has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV–visible spectrophotometer, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) by the addition of SbCl5 to Complex 1. There is a one‐electron oxidation product in Complex 1 that creates π–cation radicals in CV data. This is supported by an IR spectrophotometer. Subsequent EPR spectra verified the initiation of the π–cation monoradical, which subsequently transforms into a triplet state where S = 1. DNA binding and antibacterial analysis with Complex 1 have also been analysed. In the DNA‐binding analysis, the CV data confirm the interaction between Complex 1 and DNA. Furthermore, the fact that Complex 1 is more effective at killing bacteria shows that the metal ion's chelation with the porphyrin ligand makes it more lipophilic.
Core‐Shell Structured CoP@C Cubes as a Superior Anode for High‐Rate and Stable Sodium Storage
Authors: Ren Lingbo , Li Yueying , Hou Zhidong , Wang Jian‐Gan
Published: August 2024

Transition metal phosphides have emerged as a class of promising anode materials of sodium‐ion batteries owing to their excellent sodium storage capacity. However, the limited electronic conductivity and significant volume expansion have impeded their further advancement. In this work, we propose a rational design of cube‐like CoP @C composites with unique core‐shell structure via in situ phosphating and subsequent carbon coating processes. The uniform carbon coating serves as a physical buffering layer that effectively mitigates volume changes during charge/discharge processes, and prevents particle agglomeration and fragmentation, thereby enhancing the structural stability of electrode. Moreover, the nitrogen‐rich carbon layer not only provides additional active sites for sodium ion adsorption but also improves the electrode conductivity and accelerates charge transport dynamics. Consequently, the as‐synthesized CoP@C exhibits a remarkable capacity retention rate of 94.8 % after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and achieves a high reversible capacity of 146.7 mAh g−1 even under a high current density of 4.0 A g−1.
Investigation of transcriptional and immunological disparities among patient groups with varied prognostic risk factors in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Baoluhe , Jin Bao , Wu Xiang'an , Xing Jiali , Liu Xiao , Wan Xueshuai , Xu Haifeng , Xu Yiyao , Mao Yilei , Chen Qian , Bai Yating , Guan Mei , Du Shunda
Published: August 2024

Background

This study explores molecular features associated with better prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

Methods and Results

The transcriptomic and whole‐exome sequencing data obtained from paired tissues of 70 were analyzed, grouping them based on progression‐free survival (PFS), differentiation degree, and lymph node metastasis. Among the 70 patients, the TP53 gene mutation frequency was the highest (53%), while FLG gene mutation occurred exclusively in the long PFS group. In the comparison between long and short survival groups, the short PFS group exhibited higher monocyte infiltration levels (p = 0.0287) and upregulation of genes associated with cancer‐related transcriptional misregulation, chemokine signaling, and cytokine‐cytokine receptor interactions. Differences in immune cell infiltration and gene expression were significant across differentiation and lymph node metastasis groups. Particularly noteworthy was the marked increase in CD8 T cell and NK cell infiltration (p = 0.0291, 0.0459) in the lymph node metastasis group, significantly influences prognosis. Additionally, genes related to platinum resistance, Th17 cell differentiation, and Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation pathways were overexpressed in this group. In summary, higher monocyte infiltration levels in the short PFS group, along with elevated expression of genes associated with cancer‐related pathways, suggest a poorer prognosis. The significant increase in CD8 T cell and NK cell infiltration reflects an enhanced anti‐tumor immune response, underscoring the relevance of immune infiltration levels and gene expression in predicting outcomes for CCA patients.

Conclusions

In this study, we elucidated the pertinent molecular mechanisms and pathways that influence the prognosis of CCAs through comprehensive multi‐omics analysis.
N‐doped Ti3C2Tx MXene‐regulated Metal‐oxide Facilitates the Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CO
Authors: Cao Hui‐Hui , He Zhen‐Hong , Guo Pan‐Pan , Tian Yue , Wang Xin , Wang Kuan , Wang Weitao , Wang Huan , Yang Yang , Liu Zhao‐Tie
Published: August 2024

CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2ER) provides a promising pathway for scaling up the conversion of CO2 to CO using renewable electricity, thereby providing an alternative potential pathway to carbon neutrality. Typically, the reaction conducted in aqueous media is an ideal way on the standpoint of sustainability. However, the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is feasible to occur on catalyst surface together with CO2ER, thereby reducing the overall CO2‐to‐CO efficiency. In this work, we utilized the stacked structure of N‐doped Ti3C2Tx MXene material supported metal oxide (ZnO) to form a ZnO/N‐Ti3C2Tx catalyst in electrolytic CO2 reduction to CO. The catalyst exhibited an Faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 96.4 % in CO2ER at −0.967 V (vs. RHE) with a current density of 7.2 mA cm−2. ZnO acted as the active site for CO2ER in ZnO/N‐Ti3C2Tx, while N‐doped Ti3C2Tx MXene was responsible for enhancing textural properties and electrical conductivity, which could promote the mass transfer of gas molecules and electron transfer to ZnO active sites, and further improving the activity. This work inspires the rational design of unique metal oxide/N‐Ti3C2Tx interfaces to regulate the high‐performance electrocatalytic selectivity of CO2 reduction.
Modeling of Dual‐Factor Drag Correction Model for Bubbly Flow under Elevated Pressure
Authors: Gao Yibo , Geng Linlin , Verdin Patrick G. , Fall Ibra , Zhang Ruijie , Tian Zhongjie , Zhang Desheng
Published: August 2024

A pressure correction method is proposed considering the influence of a dual factor. The applicability of a pressure correction method coupled with a drag model is discussed along with the accuracy of the simulation results obtained by such a pressure correction method. It is found that the present pressure correction method combined with the DBS (dual bubble size) drag model can accurately reflect the changing trend of gas holdup distribution with pressure. It is also established that results from this model applied to a bubble column match well with the experimental data. Finally, when compared with other pressure correction models, the proposed model shows better robustness in three‐dimensional simulations and can predict radial gas holdup distributions with better accuracy.
“Plastic recycling in a cotton candy machine” – a maker project for science education
Authors: Amel Henning , Kahmen Noah , Hager Sascha , Pauly Niklas , Koch Friedrich , Danke Kilian , Glasauer Ranya , Bergmann Ronja , Hobeck Lukas , Röser Markus , Beeken Marco
Published: August 2024

Trotz engagierter politischer Initiativen sowie Forderungen und Förderungen für eine Kreislaufwirtschaft steigt das jährlich produzierte Volumen an Kunststoffen, während der Anteil im Kreislauf gehaltener Kunststoffe dem Wachstum nur bedingt gerecht wird. Im Rahmen einer Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung ist die Auseinandersetzung mit Kunststoffen und deren Recycling insbesondere in jungen Teilen der Bevölkerung essentiell, um die Relevanz einer zukunftsweisenden Circular Economy nachvollziehen und weitertragen zu können. Im naturwissenschaftlichen Regelunterricht jedoch werden Recyclingprozesse mitunter aufgrund ihrer Komplexität nur oberflächlich integriert. Im Rahmen des Make@thons „Nachhaltige Textilien“ entwickelte eine Schüler:innengruppe mit dem Kunststoffrecycling in der Zuckerwattemaschine eine niedrigschwellige und kostengünstige Möglichkeit zur Integration dieser Recyclingprozesse in den Unterricht.
Influence of Different Application Modes of a Universal Adhesive System on the Bond Strength of Bulk‐Fill Composite Resin to Enamel and Dentin in Primary Teeth
Authors: Nozari Ali , Pakniyat Jahromi Maryam , Haji Abbas Oghli Farnaz , Jowkar Zahra , Hamidi Seyed Ahmadreza
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess how the application mode of a universal adhesive system affects the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of bulk‐fill and conventional composite resins to enamel and dentin in primary teeth.

Methods

A total of 80 caries‐free primary second molars were randomly assigned to eight experimental groups (n = 10) based on the bonding substrate (enamel or dentin), the application mode of the universal adhesive system (etch and rinse [E&R], or self‐etch [SE]), and the type of composite resin used (bulk‐fill or conventional). After bonding the composite resin to enamel or dentin, the μSBS of the bonded composite resins was measured.

Results

The mean μSBS value of bulk‐fill composite resin was significantly higher than that of conventional composite resin for both enamel and dentin substrates, regardless of the application mode (p < 0.001). An interaction effect between the bonding substrate and the application mode of the adhesive system was observed, indicating a significant relationship (p < 0.001). The highest μSBS values for primary teeth enamel were achieved using the E&R mode with bulk‐fill composite resin, while for dentin specimens, the SE mode with bulk‐fill composite resin yielded the highest μSBS values. The μSBS of the E&R group was significantly higher than that of the SE group for enamel specimens (p < 0.001), whereas the μSBS of the SE group was significantly higher than that of the E&R group for dentin specimens (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Bulk‐fill composite resin demonstrated higher μSBS in comparison to conventional composite resin. The universal adhesive system exhibited superior performance in the SE mode compared to the E&R mode on primary dentin. Pre‐etching the enamel before the application of the universal adhesive enhanced the μSBS to primary teeth enamel, highlighting the importance of selectively acid etching the enamel of primary teeth.
Environmental policy and stakeholder engagement: Incident‐based, cross‐country analysis of firm‐level greenwashing practices
Authors: Keresztúri Judit Lilla , Berlinger Edina , Lublóy Ágnes
Published: August 2024

In this study, we investigate how internal and external monitoring systems can help combat greenwashing. We propose a novel, incident‐based measure to investigate the greenwashing behavior of 1218 large and mid‐cap companies across different industries between 2008 and 2020. These companies are constituents of the MSCI World Index, covering 23 developed market economies. We consider a company to be engaged in greenwashing if it improves its environmental ESG subscore while simultaneously being responsible for severe environmental damage. According to our greenwashing indicator, about 7% of the companies were involved in greenwashing at least once during the 13‐year sample period. The proportion of greenwashing companies is highest in the energy, utilities, and materials industries. We find evidence that both internal and external monitoring mechanisms can be effective in deterring companies from adopting greenwashing strategies. Firms with more independent board members, attracting more attention from the investors, and headquartered in countries where the population is more environmentally aware are significantly less likely to engage in greenwashing. The awareness of the population is a key factor especially in the energy, utility, and material sectors.
Synthesis of Carbon Nitride Polymorphs by Sacrificial Template Method: Correlation between Physicochemical Properties and Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Medina‐Llamas María , Bianchi Eleonora , Mozzati Maria Cristina , Tedesco Costanza , Milanese Chiara , Speltini Andrea , Profumo Antonella , Armenise Vincenza , Milella Antonella , Listorti Andrea , Malavasi Lorenzo
Published: August 2024

Carbon nitride compounds (CNCs) in the form of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and poly(heptazine imide) were synthesized using different metal chloride salts (MClx), i. e., NaCl, KCl and CaCl2, as sacrificial templates and by varying the MClx to melamine molar ratios. A systematic study of their photocatalytic activity for H2 production in relation to the physicochemical, morphological, and optical properties was carried out. Each sample was tested achieving the highest hydrogen evolution rates of about 7660 μmol g−1 h−1, 5380 μmol g−1 h−1 and 3140 μmol g−1 h−1 using CaCl2, KCl, and NaCl, respectively. This work demonstrates how the synthesis of CNCs with different MClx leads to the production of high‐performance photocatalysts due to a combination of factors as the formation of vacancies or cyano groups, a shift in the optical threshold and tuning of micro(nano)structure. The results demonstrate that, when CaCl2 is used as a sacrificial template, porous and exfoliated g‐C3N4 nanosheets are formed leading to hydrogen productions which outperform most of the previously reported g‐C3N4 prepared using a single synthetic step.
Copper‐Catalysed Synthesis of (E)‐Allylic Organophosphorus Derivatives: A Low Toxic, Mild, Economical, and Ligand‐Free Method
Authors: Pagès Lucas , Kurpik Gracjan , Mollfulleda Rosa , Abdine Racha Abed Ali , Walczak Anna , Monnier Florian , Swart Marcel , Stefankiewicz Artur R. , Taillefer Marc
Published: August 2024

Organophosphorus compounds are fundamental for the chemical industry due to their broad applications across multiple sectors, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Despite their high importance, the sustainable and cost‐effective synthesis of organophoshoryl derivatives remains very challenging. Here, we report the first successful regio‐ and stereoselective hydrophosphorylation of terminal allenamides using an affordable copper catalyst system. This reaction offers an efficient protocol for the synthesis of (E)‐allylic organophosphorus derivatives from various types of P‐nucleophiles, such as H‐phosphonates, H‐phosphinates, and secondary phosphine oxides. Key advantages of this ligand‐free and atom‐economic strategy include low toxicity of the Cu‐based catalyst, cost effectiveness, mild reaction conditions, and experimental simplicity, making it competitive with methods that use toxic and expensive Pd‐based catalysts. In an effort to comprehend this process, we conducted extensive DFT calculations on this system to uncover the mechanistic insights of this process.
Agomelatine Is Unable to Attenuate Kainic Acid–Induced Deficits in Early Life Communicative Behavior
Authors: Binder Matthew S. , Pranske Zachary J. , Hodges Samantha L. , Womble Paige D. , Kwok Eliesse M. , Quintero Saul I. , Kim Andrew D. , Narvaiz David A. , Lugo Joaquin N.
Published: August 2024

Early life seizures are associated with a variety of behavioral comorbidities. Among the most prevalent of these are deficits in communication. Auditory communicative behaviors in mice, known as ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), can be used to assess potential treatments. Agomelatine is a melatonin agonist that effectively reduces behavioral comorbidities of seizures in adults; however, its ability to attenuate seizure‐induced communicative deficits in neonates is unknown. To address this, we administered C57 mice either saline or kainic acid (KA) on postnatal day (PD) 10. The mice then received either agomelatine or saline 1‐h post‐status epilepticus. On PD 11, we assessed the quantity of USVs produced, the duration, peak frequency, fundamental frequency, and amplitude of the vocalizations, as well as the call type utilization. We found that KA increased vocal production and reduced USV variability relative to controls. KA also increased USV duration and amplitude and significantly altered the types of calls produced. Agomelatine did not attenuate any of the deficits. Our study is the first to assess agomelatine's efficacy to correct USVs and thus provides an important point of context to the literature, indicating that despite its high therapeutic efficacy to attenuate other behavioral comorbidities of seizures, agomelatine's ability to correct neonatal communicative deficits is limited.
Hospital Admissions for Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents in Spain: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Vázquez‐Giraldo Pilar , Muñoz‐Sanjosé Ainoa , López‐Cuadrado Teresa
Published: August 2024

Objective

Limited evidence exists regarding the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the onset and trajectory of eating disorders (EDs) among young in Spain. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and recent trends in hospital admissions for EDs within the pediatric population.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on hospital admissions for EDs among patients aged 10–19 years between 2016 and 2022. The main outcomes examined included hospital rates (overall, stratified by ED type and age group), psychiatric comorbidities, and length of stay.

Results

A total of 8275 hospitalizations due to EDs were identified, constituting 1 in 6 hospital admissions for mental illness and behavioral disorders. Predominant characteristics of this population included female sex (93%), aged 15–19 years (58.3%), admission primarily for anorexia nervosa (71.6%), and psychiatric comorbidity (35.6%). Hospital admissions for EDs in the pediatric population showed an increasing trend, with an annual average increase of 11.1% (95% CI: 2.6, 22.6). This rise was led by children aged 10–14 years, with a yearly increase in EDs hospitalization rates of 28.4% (95% CI: 13.5, 56.3) since 2019. Each discharge related to EDs was associated with a median stay of 24 days (IQR: 10, 40).

Discussion

Efforts in community healthcare should prioritize early detection and intervention for symptoms indicative of EDs in the pediatric population, aiming to mitigate the severity of cases requiring hospitalization. These findings underscore the necessity for targeted health planning policies to address the growing burden of EDs among Spanish youth.
Nutritional and phytochemicals analysis of high‐altitude common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars of Nepal
Authors: Neupane Binod S. , Olee Dinesh , Shrestha Deepa S. , Kharel Ganga P. , Koirala Niranjan
Published: August 2024

The common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., is an important legume grown in all parts of Nepal to supply dietary protein for humans and livestock. They are rich in a variety of bioactive compounds and thus possess health‐promoting effects in the prevention of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. The present study examined the nutritional and proximate composition and screened the bioactive compounds present in beans grown in the high‐altitude regions of Nepal. The analysis of 18 beans indicated the moisture (6.48%–8.83%), crude protein (17.39%–23.54%), carbohydrate (58.74%–66.37%), crude fat (0.78%–1.58%), crude fiber (3.36%–4.75%), total ash (3.33%–4.69%), and total energy (340.24–350.16 kcal/100 g). The results showed that the common beans were also good sources of nutritionally important minerals, including copper (2.72–8.77 mg/kg), calcium (843.86–2763.62 mg/kg), iron (38.93–73.69 mg/kg), magnesium (1540.63–2083.52 mg/kg), sodium (205.91–695.81 mg/kg), potassium (13,560.21–16,957.05 mg/kg), and zinc (19.80–31.00 mg/kg) on a dry weight basis. Quantification of bioactive compounds revealed the highest concentration of total phenolic content (TPC) in the beans from Jumla (5.96 mg GAE/g) than Dolakha and Darchula. However, the total flavonoid content was higher in Dolakha beans (3.47 mgQE/g). The EP‐15‐03FB landrace from Jumla was superior in terms of protein, phytochemical, and TPC. The results of this study will provide valuable information on the nutritional and phytochemical contents of beans and serve as a basis for further utilization of common beans.
Optimization of ultrasonically extracted β‐sitosterol from Berberis jaeschkeana using response surface methodology
Authors: Raza Awais , Akhtar Muhammad Nadeem , Maqbool Tahir , Khalil Anees Ahmed , Mohamed Mohamed Hassan
Published: August 2024

Berberis genus is recognized as a significant source of β‐sitosterol and polyphenols. The inclusion of β‐sitosterol into various health‐related formulations has widened its potential in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Process optimization ensures the maximum efficiency, consistency, and yield. In the current study, we employed mutual interaction effect to extract the β‐sitosterol from the root bark of Berberis jaeschkeana using ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) technique. In order to identify the optimal extraction parameters, we conducted a series of 29 experiments, varying factors, such as amplitude level, solid‐to‐liquid ratio, extraction time, and temperature. The mutual interaction effect encompasses several key components, including the Box–Behnken design, assessment of model fitness, coefficient of determination, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the creation of three‐dimensional (3D) response curves of response surface methodology (RSM). The outcomes of the analysis revealed notable model fitness, highlighting the presence of linear, quadratic, and interactive effects among the various factors examined. The optimized UAE conditions (amplitude level of 30%, time of 10 min, solid‐to‐liquid ratio of 20, and temperature at 50°C) were applied. Under the most favorable extraction conditions, the β‐sitosterol was identified and quantified from Berberis jaeschkeana using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The β‐sitosterol yield was measured at 43.52 mg per gram of the sample. Conclusively, the optimization approach for UAE using the mutual interaction effect contributes to a more rapid extraction process, resulting in a higher yield of β‐sitosterol. Furthermore, this study design could be extended to other valuable species or compounds to efficiently extract nutraceutical compounds and enhance the sustainable utilization of natural products.
Updated aspects of alpha‐Solanine as a potential anticancer agent: Mechanistic insights and future directions
Authors: Nandi Sudeshna , Sikder Rimpa , Nag Anish , Khatua Somanjana , Sen Surjit , Chakraborty Nilanjan , Naskar Arghya , Zhakipbekov Kairat , Acharya Krishnendu , Habtemariam Solomon , Arslan Ateşşahin Dilek , Goloshvili Tamar , Ahmed Aldahish Afaf , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Calina Daniela
Published: August 2024

Cancer remains a critical global health challenge, with limited progress in reducing mortality despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment. The growing resistance of tumors to existing chemotherapy exacerbates this burden. In response, the search for new anticancer compounds from plants has intensified, given their historical success in yielding effective treatments. This review focuses on α‐solanine, a glycoalkaloid primarily derived from potato tubers and nightshade family plants, recognized for its diverse biological activities, including anti‐allergic, antipyretic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetic, and antibiotic properties. Recently, α‐solanine has gained attention as a potential anticancer agent. Utilizing resources like PubMed/MedLine, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, the American Chemical Society, Google Scholar, Springer Link, Wiley, and various commercial websites, this review consolidates two decades of research on α‐solanine's anticancer effects and mechanisms against nine different cancers, highlighting its role in modulating various signaling pathways. It also discusses α‐solanine's potential as a lead compound in cancer therapy. The abundant availability of potato peel, often discarded as waste or sold cheaply, is suggested as a sustainable source for large‐scale α‐solanine extraction. The study concludes that α‐solanine holds promise as a standalone or adjunctive cancer treatment. However, further research is necessary to optimize this lead compound and mitigate its toxicity through various strategies.
Comparison effects of PEF and SC‐CO2 treatments on lycopene, β‐carotene, lutein, β‐cryptoxanthin, total polyphenols values, and antioxidant activity of tomato fruits
Authors: Belgheisi Saba , Motamedzadegan Ali , Rashidi Ladan , Milani Jafar M. , Rafe Ali
Published: August 2024

Since the recycling of composites from plant tissues is difficult, extraction of bioactive compounds from plant sources requires pre‐treatment by new technology such as pulsed electric fields (PEF). Due to the reduced consumption of organic solvents, the extractive techniques such as using supercritical CO2 (SC‐CO2) are of interest to researchers. This work aimed to investigating the influences of different parameters of SC‐CO2 (pressure, modifier volume, temperature, and dynamic time) and PEF (frequency and field strength) treatments on the amount extraction of β‐carotene, lycopene, lutein, β‐cryptoxanthin, total phenol content (TPC), and also antioxidant activity percentage of tomato to obtain the optimum circumstances extraction via PEF and SC‐CO2 methods. PEF data showed that treatments with moderate intensity (1 Hz and 0. 25 kV/cm) enhanced the extractability of lycopene (88%), β‐carotene (69%), and β‐cryptoxanthin (24%). The maximum recovery in total polyphenols was achieved at a 1 Hz and 1.75 kV/cm, leading to a 41.68% growth. The SC‐CO2 results showed that extraction at 55°C and 35 MPa, and in a short time of 20 min (without any modifier: methanol) resulted in the highest levels of carotenoids (100% recovery), especially lycopene, and antioxidant activity. Largest value of total polyphenols was obtained at 35 MPa, 35°C, during 30 min, and 250 μL methanol as a modifier (58.79% recovery). Results showed that the extraction of polyphenols, unlike carotenoids, required a modifier. Organic solvents, often called modifiers, are sometimes added to the supercritical fluid to increase the polarity range of the extraction process and to help overcome analyte retention in the matrix. In this study, methanol was used as a modifier in different volumes. Therefore, the SC‐CO2 gentle processing conditions, compared with PEF, improved the recovery of tomato bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to optimize such treatments.
Combined targeting of Hedgehog/GLI1 and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Han Yan , Li Chuntuan , Liu Shengquan , Gao Jingjing , He Yanjun , Xiao Huifang , Chen Qi , Zheng Yan , Chen Hongyuan , Zhu Xiongpeng
Published: August 2024

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and aggressive form of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Challenges in its treatment include relapse, drug resistance, and a short survival period. The Hedgehog/GLI1 (Hh/GLI1) and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways are crucial in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance, making them significant targets for anticancer research. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of combining inhibitors for both pathways against MCL and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The co‐expression of key proteins from the Hh/GLI1 and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways was observed in MCL. Targeting the Hh/GLI1 pathway with the GLI1 inhibitor GANT61 and the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway with the CBP/β‐catenin transcription inhibitor ICG‐001, dual‐target therapy was demonstrated to synergistically suppressed the activity of MCL cells. This approach promoted MCL cell apoptosis, induced G0/G1 phase blockade, decreased the percentage of S‐phase cells, and enhanced the sensitivity of MCL cells to the drugs adriamycin and ibrutinib. Both GANT61 and ICG‐001 downregulated GLI1 and β‐catenin while upregulating GSK‐3β expression. The interaction between Hh/GLI1 and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways was mediated by GANT61‐dependent Hh/GLI1 inhibition. Moreover, GLI1 knockdown combined with ICG‐001 synergistically induced apoptosis and increased drug sensitivity of MCL cells to doxorubicin and ibrutinib. GANT61 attenuated the overexpression of β‐catenin and decreased the inhibition of GSK‐3β in MCL cells. Overall, the combined targeting of both the Hh/GLI1 and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways was more effective in suppressing proliferation, inducing G0/G1 cycle retardation, promoting apoptosis, and increasing drug sensitivity of MCL cells than mono treatments. These findings emphasize the potential of combinatorial therapy for treating MCL patients.
Investigating the causes and pattern of peritoneal involvement in CT scan and comparison with ultrasound findings in peritoneal conditions: A two‐center, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Khoroushi Farzaneh , Jarahi Lida , Hassannejad Ehsan , Kazemirad Nafise
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scans can be used as methods to help make a more accurate diagnosis in diseases involving the omentum and peritoneum. The present study was conducted to determine etiology and CT scan pattern of peritoneal involvement and compare it with ultrasound findings.

Methods

Patients referred to Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals who had undergone CT scans and had involvement of peritoneum in abdominal CT scans were included in the study. The findings identified in the CT scan were recorded. According to the underlying cause determined by laparotomy or laparoscopy sample, each disease's most common pattern of involvement and types of patterns were examined. An ultrasound was conducted for every patient and the obtained information was analyzed.

Results

A total of 101 patients were included in the study, of which 61 patients (59.8%) were female and the rest were male. The most common involvement patterns in CT scans included nodular (37.6%), mixed (21.8%), and omental cake (17.8%), respectively. In 80 patients (79.2%), CT scan findings were consistent with ultrasound, but in 21 patients (20.8%), CT scan findings were not visible in ultrasound. The most common diagnoses of the patients were colorectal adenocarcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma (20 cases, 19.8% each), followed by ovarian and uterine adenocarcinoma (19 cases, 18.8%).

Conclusion

The most common patterns of involvement of peritoneum in CT scans include nodular pattern, mix, and omental cake. The most common diseases that lead to the involvement of peritoneum are gastrointestinal cancers, uterine and ovarian cancers, and peritonitis.
3D‐printed silicate porous bioceramics promoted the polarization of M2‐macrophages that enhanced the angiogenesis in bone regeneration
Authors: Zang Chengwu , Che Min , Xian Hang , Xiao Xin , Li Tengfei , Chen Yongxiang , Liu Yaxiong , Cong Rui
Published: August 2024

The failure of bone regeneration has been considered as a serious problem that troubling patients for decades, most of which was resulted by the poor angiogenesis and chronic inflammation after surgery. Among multiple materials applied in the repair of bone defect, silicate bioceramics attracted researchers because of its excellent bioactivity. The purpose of this study was to detect the effect of specific bioactive glass ceramic (AP40, based on crystalline phases of apatite and wollastonite) on angiogenesis and the subsequent bone growth through the modulation of macrophages. Two groups were included in this study: control group (macrophages without any stimulation, denominated as Control) and AP40 group (macrophages incubated on AP40). This study investigated the effect of AP40 on macrophages polarization (RAW264.7) and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the changes of angiogenic ability regulated by macrophages were explored. AP40 showed excellent angiogenesis potential and the expression of CD31 was promoted through the modulation of macrophages toward M2 subtype. Additionally, the macrophages incubated on AP40 synthesized more PDGF‐BB comparing to macrophages without any stimulation, which contributed to the improved angiogenetic ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results of in vivo studies indicated increased bone ingrowth along the implants, which indicated the potential of bioceramics for bone defect repair clinically.
Interleukin‐4‐Loaded Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Promotes Subcutaneous Chondrogenesis of Engineered Auricular Cartilage in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Li Jinqiao , Liu Xia , Jiang Haiyue , Yang Mingyong
Published: August 2024

Tissue engineering technology offers a promising solution for ear reconstruction; however, it faces the challenge of foreign body reaction and neocartilage malformation. This study investigates the impact of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), an anti‐inflammatory factor, on cartilage regeneration of hydrogel encapsulating autologous auricular chondrocytes in a rabbit subcutaneous environment. Initially, we assessed the influence of IL‐4 on chondrocyte proliferation and determined the appropriate concentration using the CCK‐8 test in vitro. Subsequently, we loaded IL‐4 into gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel containing chondrocytes and measured its release profile through ELISA. The constructs were then implanted autologously into rabbits' subcutis, and after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days, cartilage matrix formation was evaluated by histological examinations, and gene expression levels were detected by qRT‐PCR. Results demonstrated that IL‐4 promotes chondrocyte proliferation in vitro, and maximum release from constructs occurred during the first week. In the rabbit subcutaneous implantation model, IL‐4‐loaded constructs (20 ng/mL) maintained a superior chondrocytic phenotype compared to controls with increased expression of anti‐inflammatory factors. These findings highlight IL‐4 as a potential strategy for promoting chondrogenesis in a subcutaneous environment and improving ear reconstruction.
An algorithm for very high pressure molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Tesi Marina , Cammi Roberto , Granucci Giovanni , Persico Maurizio
Published: August 2024

We describe a method to run simulations of ground or excited state dynamics under extremely high pressures. The method is based on the introduction of a fictitious ideal gas that exerts the required pressure on a molecular sample and is therefore called XP‐GAS (eXtreme Pressure by Gas Atoms in a Sphere). The algorithm is most suitable for approximately spherical clusters of molecules described by quantum chemistry methods, Molecular Mechanics or mixed QM/MM approaches. We compare the results obtained by the algorithm here presented and by the XP‐PCM approach, based on a continuum description of the environment. As a test case, we study the conformational dynamics of 1,3‐butadiene either as an isolated molecule (“naked” butadiene) or embedded in a cluster of argon atoms, under pressures up to 15 GPa. Overall, our results show that the XP‐GAS QM/MM simulation method is in good agreement with the XP‐PCM QM/Continuum model (Cammi model) in describing the effect of the pressure on static properties as the equilibrium geometry of butadiene in the ground state. Furthermore, the comparison of XP‐GAS simulations with naked butadiene and butadiene in argon shows the importance, for XP‐GAS and related methods, of a realistic representation of the medium in modelling pressure effects.
Weakening of the interannual relationship between the winter Arctic Oscillation and eastern African precipitation in the late 1970s
Authors: Shi Yiwen , Gong Daoyi , Hua Wei , Chen Yi , Li Xinhua
Published: August 2024

In this study, we investigate the changing relationship between the boreal winter Arctic Oscillation (AO) and eastern African precipitation. The results show that the negative correlation has significantly weakened since the late 1970s. And the Arabian anticyclonic circulation changed concurrently with the AO. In the mid‐high troposphere, the anomalous anticyclone centred over the Arabian Peninsula in 1980–2020 moved northeastward and weakened compared to 1950–1979. Correspondingly, the anomalous downward motion over eastern Africa significantly weakened compared with that in 1950–1979, corresponding to insignificant precipitation. A further analysis suggests that AO‐related Rossby wave trains in the upper troposphere may modulate the Arabian anticyclone. From 1950 to 1979, the wave activity preferred propagating eastward from the Mediterranean to Russia along a high‐latitude path. In contrast, during 1980–2020, it tended to emanate southeastward towards Saudi Arabia, with a notably stronger and more eastward extension than in the earlier period.
Novel embelin‐loaded transniosomes for topical delivery: comprehensive exploration of in vitro, ex vivo and dermatokinetic assessment for anti‐cancer activity
Authors: Alshetaili Abdullah S , Almohizea Salman , Anwer Md. Khalid , Riadi Yassine
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

This study systematically designed and optimised a transniosomal formulation containing embelin for skin cancer management. The transniosomes were developed using a rotary evaporation method and then optimised using a Box–Behnken design.

RESULTS

The optimized embelin‐loaded transniosomes (Opt‐EMB‐TNs) exhibited a vesicle size of 149.01 nm, polydispersity index of 0.184, a zeta potential of −21.14 mV, an entrapment efficiency of 75.6 ± 0.65%, drug loading of 3.36 ± 0.03% and drug release of 80.88 ± 2.55%. The antioxidant potential of Opt‐EMB‐TNs was found to be 88.54% when compared to standard ascorbic acid. Dermatokinetic studies showed a greater drug deposition in targeted skin areas with Opt‐EMB‐TN gel compared to the embelin conventional gel (EMB‐CF gel). In addition, the penetration depth study of the skin sample revealed that the transniosomal gel containing rhodamine B dye exhibited higher penetration than that of the rhodamine B dye containing hydroalcoholic solution. The efficacy of Opt‐EMB‐TNs for skin cancer was confirmed by cytotoxicity assay against the B16F10 melanoma cell line.

CONCLUSION

The study concluded that the Opt‐EMB‐TN gel formulation is a promising and effective topical treatment for skin cancer, demonstrating significant potential for further development and clinical application. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.