bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COPULA BASED VaR APPROACH FOR EUROPEAN STOCKS PORTFOLIO
Authors: Bohdalová Mária , Greguš Michal
Published: November 2016

The paper gives stochastic assessments of the financial crisis and discusses the Value at Risk European stocks from the point of view of copula based approach. Copula techniques can be based on the connection between rank correlation and certain one–parameter bivariate copulas. This relation allows easy calibration of the parameters. We use more general numerical calibration techniques that are based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Using this approach we want to estimate VaR of the EU stocks portfolio using Monte Carlo simulation. The focus will be on modelling the interdependence between two risk factor returns. We suppose that the risk factor returns have some assumed marginal distributions, which need not be identical, and their dependency is modelled with copulas. We find that standard parametric copula functions (such as Gaussian) are not able to provide a good fit to the data. This is especially true when one or more of the marginal distributions has fat tails. We overcome this problem by fitting a t–copula with different marginal which can approximate any possible shape for the joint density.
Managing gastric ulcers
Authors: Buchan Jane
Published: November 2016

Jane Buchan of Baileys Horse Feeds discusses the management and feeding strategy options
A perpetual emergency
Authors: Brown Claire
Published: November 2016

In the first of a two part series Claire Brown reports on the Stromsholm Laminitis Clinic
Understanding pain and analgesia in the equid
Authors: Roberts Colin
Published: November 2016

Dr Colin Roberts, equine veterinary consultant, University of Cambridge, discusses the issues
A complex structure
Authors: Quiney Laura
Published: November 2016

Laura Quiney of the Animal Health Trust examines the equine joints and gives an overview of their structure, function and some of the common disorders that may occur
A day in the life of an intern at the Animal Health Trust
Authors: Routh Jenny
Published: November 2016

Jenny Routh concludes her series on her life as a newly qualified vet
Recurrent airway obstruction
Authors: Shepherd Chris
Published: November 2016

Chris Shepherd MRCVS examines the disease, its causes and prevention
An amazing experience
Authors: Greetham Rachel
Published: November 2016

Chartered equine and human physiotherapist Rachel Greetham, describes her role in support of the Team GB equestrian horses at the 2016 Rio Olympics
The changing role of SENCO
Authors: Sobel Daniel
Published: November 2016

Schools are finding it hard to recruit successful SENCOs. Daniel Sobel believes this is down to the changing requirements of this broad and vital position. He looks at the modern SENCO role
Assessment in key stage 3
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: November 2016

All this term, Matt Bromley is focusing on practice and pedagogy in the key stage 3 classroom. He now turns his focus to assessment, including data management, closing the gaps and life after levels in years 7, 8 and 9
Screening confino: Male melodrama and exile cinema
Authors: Renga Dana
Published: November 2016

In a 2003 interview, Silvio Berlusconi attempted to revise fascism through explaining that Mussolini did not kill anyone, and instead sent people on island holiday. This article interrogates the formula of internal exile (confino) as vacation through examining nine films, documentaries, and made-for-television movies that depict the exile experience of four prominent Italian intellectuals (Cesare Pavese, Carlo Rosselli, Giorgio Amendola and Carlo Levi). In these texts, all of which fall under the generic classification of male melodrama, the confino event serves as a convenient backdrop to narrate stories that are more pleasant and conform to the traditional logic of desire that dominates the classical cinema. As follows, and in line with Berlusconi’s problematic statement, the distressing events surrounding the practice of confino are disavowed and political confinement is reimagined as holiday.
Léolo’s fantasized Italy: Family romance and accented cinema in Quebec
Authors: Dyer Kester
Published: November 2016

Although directed by a Francophone Québécois film-maker, Jean-Claude Lauzon’s Léolo (1992) presents a cinematic treatment of Italy that foregrounds exile as theorized by Hamid Naficy’s concept of ‘accented cinema’. Léolo also recasts the family romance trope, which Heinz Weinmann highlights as central to Quebec cinema. Meanwhile, commentators have stressed the deeply political dimensions of Léolo despite Lauzon’s disavowal of any nationalist intent. This film consequently provides insights into the ambivalent role of Italians in Quebec’s struggle to confront the challenges posed by immigration and by its own colonial history. The current article therefore explores Léolo through a framework combining accented cinema and the family romance, and juxtaposes this text with Caffè Italia Montréal, a film which epitomizes accentedness in the context of Quebec’s Italian community. This analysis thus reveals how, in Léolo, a cinematically unasserted Indigenous influence intertwines with overtly fantasized Italianness to complicate Lauzon’s position on national identity. In so doing, this article comes to affirm the centrality of Indigenous concerns for grasping intercultural relationships whether formed through colonialism or contemporary immigration.
Optimizations of high throughput multiplex polymerase chain reaction with simple sequence repeat markers for genotyping of common walnut populations (Juglans regia L.)
Authors: Ćelepirović Nevenka , Karija Vlahović Monika , Dounavi Aikaterini , Ivanković Mladen
Published: November 2016

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows amplification of two or more pair of primers in parallel for amplification of multiple target sequences in a single reaction tube. In this study, we combined existing simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (nuclear microsatellites) in the novel combination of multiplex PCR to study the population genetics of common walnut from Croatia. From twenty one tested SSR markers, eleven produced satisfactory results in one multiplex PCR. Population genetic results achieved from 15 samples of Croatian common walnut showed moderate genetic variability (average value: He 0.473; Ho 0.568). Our multiplex PCR allowed cost effective work concerning chemicals, plastic ware, device, and working time producing optimal results. The optimized multiplex PCR represented the best combination of eleven SSR primers for genotyping common walnut in a single PCR reaction.
Das Sozialpolitische Prinzip
Authors: Böhnisch Lothar , Schröer Wolfgang
Published: November 2016

Der deutsche Sozialstaat ist in den letzten Jahren in Kritik geraten - und sieht sich trotz seiner Bewährung in den jüngsten Finanzkrisen zum verlängerten Arm des neoliberalen Kapitalismus herabgestuft. Lothar Böhnisch und Wolfgang Schröer zeigen: Wenn es um die Diskussion der Zukunft des Sozialen geht, führt eine nur auf den Sozialstaat fixierte Kritik der Sozialpolitik in die Sackgasse. Vielmehr ist es das Sozialpolitische Prinzip, von dem die eigentliche Wirkung und Kraft des Sozialen auch in der Gesellschaft der Zweiten Moderne ausgeht. Dieses Prinzip freizulegen, angesichts der gegenwärtigen Entwicklung zu erweitern und damit den einseitigen Sozialstaatsdiskurs wieder in ein dialektisches Fahrwasser zu bringen, ist das Anliegen dieses Buches.
Growth patterns in male rats exposed to concurrent long-term environmental challenges
Authors: CUERVO Pablo , RACCA Andrea , BELDOMENICO Pablo
Published: November 2016

Growth is a key determinant of fitness in animals, and may be affected by the environmental challenges presented over the course of an individual’s lifespan. When faced with limited resources and environmental challenges, organisms may prioritize the development and maintenance of particular processes over others. To expand our understanding of the consequences of organism exposure to a changing environment, we offer a long-term experiment to compare the growth patterns of young male rats exposed and not exposed to food limitation and social conflict. The patterns of growth of young rats were altered by the exposure to these environmental challenges, two of the most frequently faced by animals. As expected, scarcity of food resulted in a marked growth decline in animals exposed to nutritional stress. Interestingly, individuals exposed to an unstable social environment, but fed ad libitum, evidenced a growth rate 6% smaller than those under stable social conditions. An interaction between food limitation and social conflict was not observed. As a larger body size growth results in a competitive advantage in encounters, the detected divergence on growth patterns may represent significant consequences on the individual’s life trajectory.
“Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae” en Amblyomma tigrinum, San Luis, Argentina
Authors: CICUTTIN Gabriel , DE SALVO María N. , SERNA Carlos , MACHADO Ruth , SILVA Darío , GURY DOHMEN Federico , LENCINAS Oscar
Published: November 2016

El objetivo del estudio fue detectar especies del género Rickettsia en garrapatas de la especie Amblyomma tigrinum colectadas sobre carnívoros domésticos y en sangre de caninos domésticos de la provincia de San Luis (Argentina). Entre 2013 y 2015 se colectaron 56 garrapatas adultas de la especie A. tigrinum sobre caninos y felinos domésticos, y se obtuvieron 65 muestras sanguíneas de caninos. Tres garrapatas resultaron positivas mediante la amplificación de un fragmento del espacio intergénico 23S-5S ARNr del género Rickettsia, lográndose secuenciar uno de los productos positivos. La muestra positiva secuenciada también resultó positiva por PCRs de los fragmentos de los genes gltA y ompA. Las secuencias obtenidas resultaron tener una identidad del 100 % de identidad con “Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae”. Todas las muestras sanguíneas resultaron negativas. “Ca. R. andeanae” no ha sido asociada con enfermedad en humanos o animales, sin embargo, es necesario realizar nuevas investigaciones para lograr un mayor conocimiento del riesgo potencial de transmisión de rickettsiosis en la región.
An Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme using Vector Decomposition
Authors: Praveen I. , Rajeev K. , Sethumadhavan M.
Published: November 2016

Encryption using vector decomposition problem (VDP) on higher dimensional vector spaces is a novel method in cryptography. Yoshida has shown that the VDP on a two-dimensional vector space is at least as hard as the computational Diffie-Hellman problem on a one-dimensional subspace under certain conditions. Steven Galbraith has shown that for certain curves, the VDP is at most as hard as the discrete logarithm problem on a one-dimensional subspace. Okomoto and Takashima proposed encryption scheme and signature schemes using VDP. An authenticated key agreement scheme using vector decomposition problem is proposed in this paper
Rough Set-hypergraph-based Feature Selection Approach for Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Raman M.R. Gauthama , Kannan K. , Pal S.K. , Sriram V. S. Shankar
Published: November 2016

Immense growth in network-based services had resulted in the upsurge of internet users, security threats and cyber-attacks. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have become an essential component of any network architecture, in order to secure an IT infrastructure from the malicious activities of the intruders. An efficient IDS should be able to detect, identify and track the malicious attempts made by the intruders. With many IDSs available in the literature, the most common challenge due to voluminous network traffic patterns is the curse of dimensionality. This scenario emphasizes the importance of feature selection algorithm, which can identify the relevant features and ignore the rest without any information loss. In this paper, a novel rough set κ-Helly property technique (RSKHT) feature selection algorithm had been proposed to identify the key features for network IDSs. Experiments carried using benchmark KDD cup 1999 dataset were found to be promising, when compared with the existing feature selection algorithms with respect to reduct size, classifier’s performance and time complexity. RSKHT was found to be computationally attractive and flexible for massive datasets.
Special Issue on Cyber Security
Authors: Gupta Indivar , Mishra P.R.
Published: November 2016

In the present cyber age, public services are getting more and more dependent on use of Information and communication technologies (ICT) day by day. A number of applications viz., Internet of Things, PDF, cloud computing and virtualization and machine to machine (M2M) system usage are sneaking deeply into our everyday life. The more we depend on ICT, the more deepens our concern about IT security or cyber security. Cyber security protects the data and integrity of assets that belong to or connect to a network. It is meant to defend those assets against all sorts of threat actors throughout the life cycle of a cyber attack. It is quite unsurprising that cyber security industry is growing at the same pace as ICT is doing.
Key Authentication Scheme-based on Discrete Logarithms and Chinese Remainder Theorem
Authors: Kumaraswamy P. , Rao C.V. Guru , Janaki V. , Prashanth K.V.T.K.N.
Published: November 2016

Public key cryptosystems are secure only when the authenticity of the public key is assured. Shao proposed
a new scheme to overcome the problems of the existing schemes, which suffers from two major drawbacks. The
first drawback is the availability of users’ passwords in plaintext format in key server which are prone to attacks
by ill-minded users. The second one is depending on the key server blindly for certificate generation, without
further verification by the user. To overcome these severe drawbacks, we proposed an improved key authentication
scheme based on Chinese remainder theorem and discrete logarithms. Our scheme allows the user to generate his/
her certificate without the help of any trusted third party. This scheme is intended for online services, military and
defense applications to exchange keys securely.
Method for selective quantification of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells in tissue
Authors: Nishimura Akira , Kumagai Takeo , Nakatani Masaru , Yoshimura Kotaro
Published: November 2016

Fat grafts are valuable for soft-tissue regeneration and augmentation. However, fat graft systems require further improvement for the prediction of graft retention. The concentration of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) is one of the most important factors that affect graft retention; however, current cell quantification techniques have not been applied to adipose tissue. Here we developed a method for the selective quantification of ASCs in tissue (SQAT). We identified a characteristic methylated site in the CD31 promoter after searching for specific markers of ASCs. This DNA methylation was not detected in any cell type other than ASCs in adipose tissue. Therefore, analyzing this methylation may be a suitable approach for quantifying ASCs in tissues because DNA is readily extracted from tissues. SQAT is based on quantifying this methylation by qPCR using methylation-sensitive HapII-treated DNA as the template. SQAT was validated based on the numbers of ASCs determined by CD31−/CD34+-based flow cytometry. The results obtained by both methods were perfectly correlated, thereby demonstrating that SQAT is a useful tool for quantifying ASCs. SQAT analysis using ASCs isolated from suctioned fat according to the standard protocol (i.e., collagenase treatment) showed that the yield of ASCs was 59% ± 21%, which suggests that the ASC isolation technique requires further improvement. Furthermore, SQAT is an excellent method for quantifying ASCs in arbitrary samples (particularly tissue), which could dramatically improve ASC isolation technologies and fat graft systems, thereby facilitating the prediction of graft retention.
A novel diet‐induced murine model of steatohepatitis with fibrosis for screening and evaluation of drug candidates for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Ejima Chieko , Kuroda Haruna , Ishizaki Sonoko
Published: November 2016

Many animal models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis have been reported. While these models exhibit mild onset of hepatitis and fibrosis, induction is often slow. For faster screening of drug candidates, there is a compelling need for convenient animal models of steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in which fatty liver and hepatitis are stably induced within a short period. Here, we analyzed the hepatic lipid composition in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and used this information to successfully establish a murine model where steatohepatitis is induced within only 1 week using a novel diet (steatohepatitis‐inducing high‐fat diet, STHD‐01) high in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. After receiving STHD‐01 for 1 week, normal mice (C57BL/6J) showed elevated markers of fatty liver and hepatitis, including hepatic triglycerides and plasma alanine aminotransferase; the administration of angiotensin receptor blockers reduced these symptoms. Furthermore, we confirmed that STHD‐01 administration for 36 weeks induced not only sustained elevation of hepatic triglyceride and plasma alanine aminotransferase levels, but also fibrosis and tumor formation. Pretreatment with the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine accelerated tumor formation, and hepatic lesions were observed within 30 weeks of STHD‐01 feeding following diethylnitrosamine pretreatment. Finally, branched‐chain amino acids, known to reduce the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in preclinical models, were effective in reducing the progression of liver fibrosis induced by STHD‐01 feeding after diethylnitrosamine pretreatment. We concluded that STHD‐01 administration successfully induces steatohepatitis within a short period of time. The proposed murine model is suitable for studying the long‐term effects of pharmaceutical agents targeting steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and tumor formation.
Arterio‐venous anastomoses in isolated, perfused rat lungs
Authors: Conhaim Robert L. , Segal Gilad S. , Watson Kal E.
Published: November 2016

Several studies have suggested that large‐diameter (>25 μm) arterio‐venous shunt pathways exist in the lungs of rats, dogs, and humans. We investigated the nature of these pathways by infusing specific‐diameter fluorescent latex particles (4, 7, 15, 30, or 50 μm) into isolated, ventilated rat lungs perfused at constant pressure. All lungs received the same mass of latex (5 mg), which resulted in infused particle numbers that ranged from 1.7 × 107 4 μm particles to 7.5 × 104 50 μm particles. Particles were infused over 2 min. We used a flow cytometer to count particle appearances in venous effluent samples collected every 0.5 min for 12 min from the start of particle infusion. Cumulative percentages of infused particles that appeared in the samples averaged 3.17 ± 2.46% for 4 μm diameter particles, but ranged from 0.01% to 0.17% for larger particles. Appearances of 4 μm particles followed a rapid upslope beginning at 30 sec followed by a more gradual downslope that lasted for up to 12 min. All other particle diameters also began to appear at 30 sec, but followed highly irregular time courses. Infusion of 7 and 15 μm particles caused transient but significant perfusate flow reductions, while infusion of all other diameters caused insignificant reductions in flow. We conclude that small numbers of bypass vessels exist that can accommodate particle diameters of 7‐to‐50 μm. We further conclude that our 4 μm particle data are consistent with a well‐developed network of serial and parallel perfusion pathways at the acinar level.
Asymmetries of the Lower Limb: The Calculation Conundrum in Strength Training and Conditioning
Authors: Bishop Chris , Read Paul , Chavda Shyam , Turner Anthony
Published: November 2016

ASYMMETRY DETECTION HAS BEEN A TOPIC OF INTEREST IN THE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING (SC) LITERATURE WITH NUMEROUS STUDIES PROPOSING MANY DIFFERENT EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING BETWEEN-LIMB DIFFERENCES. HOWEVER, THERE DOES NOT SEEM TO BE A CLEAR DELINEATION AS TO WHICH EQUATION SHOULD BE USED WHEN QUANTIFYING ASYMMETRIES. CONSEQUENTLY, THE AUTHORS HAVE UNCOVERED 9 DIFFERENT EQUATIONS THAT POSE CONFUSION AS TO WHICH METHOD THE SC SPECIALIST SHOULD USE DURING DATA INTERPRETATION. THE AIM OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT EQUATIONS CURRENTLY BEING USED TO CALCULATE ASYMMETRIES AND OFFER PRACTITIONERS A GUIDE AS TO WHICH METHOD MAY BE MOST APPROPRIATE WHEN MEASURING ASYMMETRIES.
Non‐invasive lung cancer diagnosis by detection ofGATA6andNKX2‐1isoforms in exhaled breath condensate
Authors: Mehta Aditi , Cordero Julio , Dobersch Stephanie , Romero‐Olmedo Addi J , Savai Rajkumar , Bodner Johannes , Chao Cho‐Ming , Fink Ludger , Guzmán‐Díaz Ernesto , Singh Indrabahadur , Dobreva Gergana , Rapp Ulf R , Günther Stefan , Ilinskaya Olga N , Bellusci Saverio , Dammann Reinhard H , Braun Thomas , Seeger Werner , Gattenlöhner Stefan , Tresch Achim , Günther Andreas , Barreto Guillermo
Published: November 2016

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. EarlyLCdiagnosis is crucial to reduce the high case fatality rate of this disease. In this case–control study, we developed an accurateLCdiagnosis test using retrospectively collected formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) human lung tissues and prospectively collected exhaled breath condensates (EBCs). Following international guidelines for diagnostic methods with clinical application, reproducible standard operating procedures (SOP) were established for every step comprising ourLCdiagnosis method. We analyzed the expression of distinctmRNAs expressed fromGATA6andNKX2‐1, key regulators of lung development. The Em/Ad expression ratios ofGATA6andNKX2‐1detected inEBCs were combined using linear kernel support vector machines (SVM) into theLCscore, which can be used forLCdetection.LCscore‐based diagnosis achieved a high performance in an independent validation cohort. We propose our method as a non‐invasive, accurate, and low‐price option to complement the success of computed tomography imaging (CT) and chest X‐ray (CXR) forLCdiagnosis.
Inferring Heterozygosity from Ancient and Low Coverage Genomes
Authors: Kousathanas Athanasios , Leuenberger Christoph , Link Vivian , Sell Christian , Burger Joachim , Wegmann Daniel
Published: November 2016

While genetic diversity can be quantified accurately from high coverage sequencing data, it is often desirable to obtain such estimates from data with low coverage, either to save costs or because of low DNA quality, as is observed for ancient samples. Here, we introduce a method to accurately infer heterozygosity probabilistically from sequences with average coverage <1× of a single individual. The method relaxes the infinite sites assumption of previous methods, does not require a reference sequence, except for the initial alignment of the sequencing data, and takes into account both variable sequencing errors and potential postmortem damage. It is thus also applicable to nonmodel organisms and ancient genomes. Since error rates as reported by sequencing machines are generally distorted and require recalibration, we also introduce a method to accurately infer recalibration parameters in the presence of postmortem damage. This method does not require knowledge about the underlying genome sequence, but instead works with haploid data (e.g., from the X-chromosome from mammalian males) and integrates over the unknown genotypes. Using extensive simulations we show that a few megabasepairs of haploid data are sufficient for accurate recalibration, even at average coverages as low as 1×. At similar coverages, our method also produces very accurate estimates of heterozygosity down to 10−4 within windows of about 1 Mbp. We further illustrate the usefulness of our approach by inferring genome-wide patterns of diversity for several ancient human samples, and we found that 3000–5000-year-old samples showed diversity patterns comparable to those of modern humans. In contrast, two European hunter-gatherer samples exhibited not only considerably lower levels of diversity than modern samples, but also highly distinct distributions of diversity along their genomes. Interestingly, these distributions were also very different between the two samples, supporting earlier conclusions of a highly diverse and structured population in Europe prior to the arrival of farming.
El posicionamiento estratégico del autor en artículos de investigación: una propuesta para su estudio
Authors: Meza Paulina
Published: November 2016

El Artículo de Investigación se define, frecuentemente, como un texto especializado en el que se comunican los resultados de una investigación. Esta concepción es, a nuestro parecer, neutra e ingenua, pues no da cuenta del hecho de que escribir y publicar un Artículo de Investigación es siempre una acción estratégico–persuasiva: no basta con señalar ciertos resultados, sino que también es fundamental persuadir a la audiencia de su relevancia en el contexto del conocimiento ya establecido, y de que son resultados que merecen ser considerados. Sobre la base de un trabajo de corte teórico, bibliográfico y reflexivo, nuestro objetivo es proponer una alternativa para el estudio del Artículo de Investigación, basada en nuestra concepción del fenómeno. Como principal resultado, proponemos la noción de posicionamiento estratégico del autor como una opción más acabada y exhaustiva para explicar los aspectos sociales y discursivos que subyacen a la transmisión del conocimiento.
Equivalence within the Dynamic Translation Model (DTM): Default Equivalence Position, Equivalence Range, Initiator’s Instructions, and Translational Norms
Authors: Bolaños Cuéllar Sergio
Published: November 2016

Within the framework of a Dynamic Translation Model (DTM) (Bolaños, 2008) an attempt is made to show how equivalence is actually a key concept for the definition and explanation of translation. Central to this modern approach to translational equivalence is the relationship that holds between the Default Equivalence Position (DEP), Equivalence Range (ER), Initiator’s Instructions (II), and Translational Norms (TN). In this approach it is also clear that the explanatory power of the concept of equivalence is widened and it becomes suitable to adequately account for the different types of equivalence that are established in different text types (literary, scientific, and appellative texts), when several translational strategies are used, e.g. by resorting to domesticating or foreignizing linguistic resources.
Proyecto de rehabilitación de un edificio subutilizado para generar vivienda en el área central de la ciudad de San José
Authors: Pina Castillo Felipe
Published: November 2016

Resumen Reseña del proyecto arquitectónico titulado “Rehabilitación de un edificio subutilizado para generar vivienda en el área central de San José”. El tema del proyecto tiene la voluntad de ser una referencia para el proceso de ejecución del Plan de Regeneración y Repoblamiento de la ciudad de San José. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo como parte del proyecto final de graduación para optar por el grado de Licenciatura en Arquitectura y Urbanismo del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica.AbstractThis is a review of the architectural project entitled “Rehabilitation of vacant buildings to generate housing in the central area of San José”. The subject of the project described here is intended to be a point of reference for the implementation an area of a Regeneration and Repopulation Plan of the city of San Jose. This research was undertaken as part of final graduation project in Architecture and Urbanism at the Costa Rica Institute of Technology.
Hábitat / Teatro para la vida
Authors: Barrantes Santiago
Published: November 2016

Presentación El proyecto académico TEATRO PARA LA VIDA obtuvo una mención honorífica del Concurso de Diseño Arquitectónico (Exponer[NOS]) organizado por la Asociación de Estudiantes de Arquitectura (AEDA) de la Universidad de Costa Rica en mayo del 2016. Este proyecto fue realizado en el Taller de Diseño 9 (2015) de la opción ARKHTEK, esta opción parte de una metodología pedagógica, planteando el proceso de diseño y el desarrollo del proyecto arquitectónico en cuatro etapas: prediseño, investigación, diseño, reajuste y presentación. TEATRO PARA LA VIDA es una buena respuesta de ese proceso. Este proyecto está lleno de una alta sensibilidad en el tratamiento de sus espacios, en el uso de sus materiales y en una relación con el contexto de un profundo respeto.PresentationThe project “TEATRO PARA LA VIDA” won honorable mention in the Architectural Design Competition (Exponer[NOS]) organized by the Association of Students of Architecture (AEDA) of the University of Costa Rica in May of 2016. This project was designed in Level 9 Design Workshop organized by ARKHTEK, which utilizes a design process divided into four phases: predesign, research, design and presentation. “TEATRO PARA LA VIDA” is a good example of this process, with a highly sensitive treatment of space, use of materials and respectful relationship with its context.
Tetr@s
Authors: Caravaca Vivian
Published: November 2016

Presentación El Proyecto TETR@S se encuentra ubicado en el Paso de la Vaca, San José, Costa Rica. Forma parte del plan maestro de regeneración de dicha zona y su objetivo principal es el generar apertura y reactivar los centros de cuadra. Se desarrolla una propuesta de intervención para un cuadrante en específico, la cual consiste en el planteamiento de un centro de entretenimiento nocturno y restaurantes de día. Los mismos comparten el centro de cuadra tanto a nivel cero como subterráneo.Presentation Project TETR@S is located in El Paso de la Vaca, San Jose, Costa Rica. It is part of the master plan for regeneration of the area and its main objective is to open and reactivate block centers. A proposal for intervention of a specific block was developed, featuring restaurants and entertainment activities. These projects share the block center both at ground and underground level.
La ciudad perfecta
Authors: Mejías Cubero Rodolfo
Published: November 2016

Resumen Hoy, más que nunca, la ciudad sufre de grandes paradojas que hacen que esta se enfrente a nuevos escenarios políticos. La configuración de las ciudades que hoy vemos no es producto de la casualidad, son el reflejo de los sistemas de organización política que desde el origen de las primitivas asociaciones de homínidos la han moldeado. Este artículo busca ofrecer al lector una interpretación crítica de la teoría política de Aristóteles, y cómo se puede visualizar esta en la organización de las primeras ciudades mediterráneas, y cómo un escenario de organización política modela las relaciones de la con guración urbana en la búsqueda de la ciudad perfecta. AbstractToday, more than ever, the city suffers from great paradoxes that confront it with new political scenarios. The configuration of the cities we see today is not the result of chance, but rather a reflection of political organization systems that since the origin of primitive hominid associations have molded them. This article seeks to offer the reader a critical interpretation of Aristotle’s political theory, and as you can visualize this in the organization of the first Mediterranean cities, and as a stage of political organization which has modeled relationships of urban settings in search of perfect city.
Construcción sensible del paisaje
Authors: Braceli Miguel
Published: November 2016

Resumen La obra de Miguel Braceli muestra una reflexión sobre el espacio que trasciende las fronteras de lo que usualmente se entiende como espacio arquitectónico. El registro fotográfico de las instalaciones efímeras que se incluye en esta reseña revela un trabajo sobre el territorio y el paisaje que desmonta los principios de estabilidad, permanencia y robustez que se le asocian al quehacer arquitectónico. En este sentido, la obra de Miguel Braceli se considera relevante para la discusión sobre a la dimensión temporal del espacio y las funciones lúdicas y experimentales de este tipo de proyecto sobre el espacio. AbstractThe work of Miguel Braceli demonstrates a consideration about space that transcends the boundaries of what is usually understood as architectural space. The photographic record of ephemeral installations included in this review reveals a work about the territory and landscape that dismantles the principles of stability, permanence and robustness that are associated with the architectural work. In this sense, the work of Miguel Braceli is considered relevant to the discussion around the temporal dimension of space and playful and experimental features of this type of project on space.
Teknik Peningkatan Performa Enzim Asal Mikroba Laut yang Tidak dapat dikultur
Authors: Uria Agustinus Robert , Zilda Dewi Seswita , Fawzya Yusro Nuri
Published: November 2016

Tingginya keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan mikroba laut menunjukkan potensinya sebagai sumber paling menjanjikan untuk penemuan produk alami yang bernilai industri.  Di antara berbagai bentuk produk alami, enzim termasuk paling diminati dalam dunia industri baik dalam industri kimia, farmasi maupun makanan.  Hal ini berkenaan dengan peranannya sebagai katalis yang ramah lingkungan, ekonomis dan bersih (Wahler & Reymond, 2011).
PROTEIN DARI BIOTA LAUT DAN POTENSINYA DALAM INDUSTRI YANG MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI NANO-SILIKA
Authors: Chasanah Ekowati
Published: November 2016

Peran protein dalam proses pembentukan biosilika yang terjadi di dalam tubuh beberapa biota laut telah menginspirasi peneliti untuk mempelajari dan meniru teknologi tersebut untuk aplikasi industri. Dengan proses biologi biasa, protein dari spikula spons dan dinding sel diatom dapat berfungsi menjadi cetakan dan mendirect proses biosilika berskala nano. Isolasi dan identifikasi protein tersebut, yang dilanjutkan dengan uji coba proses biosilika secara in vitro, memperlihatkan potensi protein tersebut sebagai biokatalis/agen biologi dalam sintesis silika. Sintesis silika secara kimia, seperti dalam produksi bahan resin, katalis, dll, selama ini dikenal merupakan proses yang tidak ramah lingkungan dan boros energi (diperlukan suhu, pH dan tekanan tinggi). Karena itu, eksplorasi dan riset lebih lanjut mengenai protein ini dirasa sangat penting mengingat bahan dasar silika, termasuk didalamnya teknologi nano, telah dipergunakan dalam berbagai bidang industri termasuk diantaranya industri pangan, elektronika, otomotif, dan lain-lain. Perkembangan riset tentang protein ini, baik yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti luar negeri maupun yang dilakukan di Indonesia, serta aplikasi teknologi nano-silika akan disampaikan pada makalah ini.
PROSPEK PRODUKSI AGAROSA DAN AGAR MIKROBIOLOGI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Fransiska Dina , Murdinah Murdinah
Published: November 2016

Rumput laut selain sebagai penghasil agar untuk makanan juga dapat menghasilkan agarosa dan agar mikrobiologi yang memiliki nilai ekonomi lebih tinggi. Selama ini di Indonesia agar telah digunakan secara luas dalam industri pangan namun belum banyak dimanfaatkan dalam bidang bioteknologi. Seiring dengan perkembangan penelitian di bidang bioteknologi, permintaan pasar internasional untuk agar mikrobiologi terus meningkat. Bahan baku yang cukup tersedia dan tumbuh tersebar di wilayah perairan Indonesia sangat potensial dalam mendukung produksi agarosa dan agar mikrobiologi.
MODEL PRODUKSI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF MELALUI KULTUR SEL PADA SPONS Dysidea avara
Authors: Nursid Muhammad , Chasanah Ekowati
Published: November 2016

Spons merupakan hewan multiseluler yang paling sederhana sekaligus merupakan sumber senyawa bioaktif yang sangat berguna di dalam bidang farmasi. Senyawa-senyawa baru yang sangat beragam sudah banyak yang diisolasi dari spons. Kesulitan utama dalam memproduksi senyawa obat baru dari spons adalah kurang mencukupinya jumlah senyawa bioaktif yang dihasilkan spons untuk keperluan uji preklinis dan klinis karena rendemen yang dihasilkan sangat rendah. Artikel ini merupakan tinjauan terhadap metode kultur sel spons untuk memproduksi senyawa bioaktif  dalam rangka mengatasi masalah suplai senyawa bioaktif yang diuji.  Produksi senyawa avarol dari kultur primmorph spons Dysidea avara dibahas dalam review ini.  Avarol dilaporkan  memiliki bioaktivitas yang kuat sebagai substansi antitumor, antibakteri, dan antivirus. Model pendekatan melalui kultur primmorph dapat digunakan sebagai cara yang menjanjikan  untuk memproduksi senyawa bioaktif dari spons.
PENGGUNAAN RETORT POUCH UNTUK PRODUK PANGAN SIAP SAJI
Authors: Murniyati Murniyati
Published: November 2016

Retort pouch adalah kemasan fleksibel berbentuk pouch atau kantong yang digunakan untuk mengemas produk pangan siap santap (Meal Ready to Eat). Kemasan tersebut dibuat dari laminasi aluminium foil dan polimer, tahan terhadap proses sterilisasi. Pengemas retort pouch telah banyak digunakan pada produk sterilisasi ikan untuk menggantikan kaleng. Pengemas semacam kaleng harganya relatif mahal, sehingga menyebabkan harga produk yang dikemas dengan pengemas tersebut menjadi mahal. Dengan berkembangnya retort pouch processing, proses menjadi lebih efisien, produk bisa dipanaskan terlebih dahulu dengan memasukkan ke dalam air mendidih sebelum dikonsumsi. Retort pouch dengan bentuk yang tipis memungkinkan untuk mengurangi waktu pemanasan, dengan demikian dapat menghindari over cooking. Produk yang dihasilkan mempunyai warna yang lebih baik, tekstur kompak, dan tidak terjadi susut gizi. Produsen dapat mengurangi energi yang diperlukan untuk produksi retort pouch dibandingkan dengan kaleng. Selain beberapa keunggulannya, retort pouch juga memiliki kelemahan atau kendala. Kendala yang utama adalah modal yang besar untuk penyediaan mesin khusus dan proses pengisian yang lebih lambat dan kompleks dibandingkan dengan kaleng.
PERBANDINGAN BEBERAPA METODE ANALISIS HISTAMIN UNTUK PRODUK PERIKANAN
Authors: Januar Hedi Indra
Published: November 2016

Studi ini  bertujuan  untuk  membandingkan  beberapa  metode dalam penentuan kadar amina  biogenik histamin. Diketahui, kadar histamin merupakan salah satu parameter yang penting  sebagai  standar  kualitas  produk  perikanan. Metode yang dibandingkan meliputi metode menggunakan spektrofluorometri, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent  Assay (ELISA), dan Capillary Electrophoresis/Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CE/CZE). Hasil perbandingan menunjukkan bahwa baik dari sisi ketidakpastian yang mungkin ditimbulkan dari metodenya serta hasil uji kelayakan laboratorium di Eropa, metode HPLC derivatisasi post-kolom merupakan metode yang optimal saat ini untuk menentukan kadar histamin secara kuantitatif. Akan tetapi, untuk pertimbangan efisiensi waktu, maka studi ini mengusulkan bahwa penggabungan metode ELISA kualitatif dan HPLC kuantitatif sangat baik  dijadikan sebagai standar metode penentuan histamin di laboratorium pengujian produk perikanan.
PENGEMBANGAN DRUG DISCOVERY DARI BAHAN ALAMI LAUT UNTUK IMUNOTERAPI KANKER
Authors: Dewi Ariyanti Suhita
Published: November 2016

Penyakit kanker adalah permasalahan kesehatan global yang mengancam setiap individu baik di negara maju maupun di negara berkembang. Penanganan kanker sejauh ini dilakukan berdasarkan metode konvensional yang cenderung menurunkan kualitas hidup para penderitanya. Pendekatan imunoterapi kanker adalah suatu metode pengobatan kanker dengan cara menstimulasi sistem kekebalan hidup pasien untuk melawan tumor melalui regulasi enzim-enzim yang berperan penting pada jalur molekuler tertentu dengan tujuan untuk meminimalisasi terjadinya efek samping yang tidak diinginkan yang umumnya terjadi pada terapi konvensional. Beberapa target molekuler telah dikembangkan saat ini, diantaranya adalah penghambatan enzim Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase  (IDO)  dan  pengaktifan  enzim  SHIP (SH2-containing-inositol-5-phosphatase). Senyawa-senyawa bioaktif dari bahan alam laut yang telah dilaporkan sebagai regulator kedua enzim di atas akan dijabarkan.
Biopreservative nisin: its application to fishery products
Authors: Fawzya Yusro Nuri
Published: November 2016

The need for safe food products amid increasingly perceived widespread use of various foodadditives which are sometimes hazardous to health. Preservative is one of food additives intendedto extend the shelf life of food products. The preservative produced by lactic acid bacteria isbacteriocin. Nisin, one of bacteriocin produced by LAB Lactococcus lactis,is considered safeand allowed its use in many countries, including Indonesia. This preservative is widely used forfood products due to its ability in inhibiting bacteria, especially Gram-positive bacteria such asClostridium botulinum, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus, Listeriamonocytogenes, Bacillus stearothermophilus, and Bacillus subtilis.Nisin works actively at lowpH and can be used singly or in combination with other preservation treatments. Based on itsphysico chemical properties and bioactivity, the use of nisin in fishery products is more suitable infermentation process as well as fish canned in acidic medium such as tomato sauce.
The potency of finding a new antimalarial drug from Indonesian sea
Authors: Murtihapsari Murtihapsari , Chasanah Ekowati
Published: November 2016

Malaria is deadly disease killing 1.5-3 million peoples on the globe a year. In Indonesiaespecially Papua, malaria is a number one killer disease. Finding resources of new drug malariais seriously needed due to resistance to many Chloroquin by Plasmodium. About 65% of marinePorifera from 12 classes in the taxa have recently contributed to our knowledge of biomedicalmaterial. Sponges are abundantely inhabiting Indonesian waters. In recent discovery reportedthat marine sponge Xestospongiafrom Papua has possessed a great ability against Plasmodiumfalciparum.These evidence thus stated Indonesian water is home of the potential marine drug formalaria. For sustainable reason, production live specimen throughout sea culture should to behighlighted. This review presents a development of malaria disease and the potential of Indonesianmarine biota as biomedical material especially for malaria disease.
IDENTIFICATION AND CULTIVATION OF MFW 23-08 ISOLATED FROM MARINE SPONGES FOR BIOACTIVE COMPOUND PRODUCTION
Authors: Chasanah Ekowati , Pratitis Asri , Mangunwardoyo Wibowo
Published: November 2016

Production of marine bioactive compound for commercial usage has been hampered due tothe problem of raw material supply. To overcome this, marine microbes especially those associatedwith the bioactive-compound producer biota, has been explored as bioactive sources, with severaladvantages such as shorter production time, cheaper production cost and avoiding over exploitationof marine biota sources. Previous research showed that fungi MFW 23-08 was one of the potentialisolates from Wakatobi sponges which produced bioactive compounds that was active againstbreast cancer cell line and as antioxidant. This study was intended to identify MFW 23-08 andoptimize the production of its bioactive compound through optimization of MFW 23-08 culture.Culture optimization was conducted using 3 liquid media, i.e. malt extract broth (MEB), glucosepeptone yeast (GPY), and minimal fungal media (MFM), and cultivation periods, i.e. 2, 4, 6, 8, and10 wk. Results revealed that MFW 23-08 crude extract of 2 wk-MFM cultivation, at the concentrationof 30 μg/ml, was able to retard 87% breast cancer (T47D) cell growth. While at concentration of100 μg/ml, the 6 wk. MEB cultivated extract was able to hamper free radicals (56%). However, thecrude extract from MFM media cultivation, in the concentration of 50 and 100 μg/ml was not able toinhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth. Based on molecular identificationusing ITS1-ITS4 primers, MFW 23-08 isolate was 99% similar to  Penicillium citrinum, P.griseofolvum and Penicillium  sp.
The relevance of existing health communication models in the email age: An integrative literature review
Authors: Fage-Butler Antoinette Mary , Nisbeth Jensen Matilde
Published: November 2016

Email communication is being integrated relatively slowly into doctor–patient communication. Patients have expressed enthusiasm for the medium, while doctors are generally more reluctant. As existing health communication models have characteristically assumed the copresence of doctor and patient and primarily reflect medical practitioners’ perspectives, their suitability in relation to email communication and patients’ perspectives warrants further investigation. Following a two-step process and using the methodology of the integrative literature review, 29 articles from 2004–2014 are analysed with the aim of investigating the advantages and disadvantages of the medium of email from the patient's perspective. The findings are compared to the health communication models of biomedicine, patient-centeredness, patient education and patient empowerment to investigate these models’ relevance for doctor–patient email communication. Results show that patients identify numerous advantages with email communication, including improved convenience and access, more detailed informational exchanges, greater reflection opportunities, freedom from the medical gaze and the potential to level out power imbalances, as well as a number of primarily medium-related disadvantages. The findings indicate that email can counteract some of the communicative problems associated with biomedicine and suggest the ongoing relevance of aspects of the models of patient empowerment, patient-centeredness and patient education for email communication.
‘Shift’ ‘n ‘control’: The computer as a third interactant in Spanish-language medical consultations
Authors: Goble Ryan , Vickers Caroline
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the computer in medical consultations in which EnglishSpanish-bilingual medical providers interact with Spanish-monolingual patients. Following previous studies that have revealed that the presence of the computer in consultations detracts from direct provider–patient communication, we pay specific attention to how the use of the computer in Spanishlanguage medical consultations can complement or adversely affect the co-construction of the patient's health narrative. The data for the present study consist of 36 Spanish-language medical consultations in Southern California. Applying a conversation analytical approach to the health narratives in the corpus, we argue that the computer is essentially a third interactant to which medical providers orient through lowered volume, minimal responses, bureaucratic side talk, and, most importantly, codeswitching to English – all of which strip the patients of control over the co-construction of their health narrative with their medical provider. Because the patient does not have access to the computational task and the language, we posit that this exacerbates the already existing adverse effects that the computer has on provider–patient interaction.
Conceptualizing ‘role’ in patient-engaging e-health: A cross-disciplinary review of the literature
Authors: Langstrup Henriette , Rahbek Anja Elkjær
Published: November 2016

Patient-engaging eHealth is promoted as a means to improve care and change the social order of healthcare – most notably the roles of patients and healthcare professionals. Nevertheless, while researchers across various fields expect and praise such changes, these social aspects are rarely addressed rigorously in the literature on the effects of eHealth. In this paper we review the scientific literature on patient-engaging eHealth with the purpose of articulating the different ways in which role is conceptualized in the different strands of literature and what explicit and implicit assumptions such conceptualizations entail. We identify three different conceptualizations of the concept of role and exemplify the findings proposed by the studies that apply each of the three conceptualizations. We hereby argue that such conceptual differences have implications for what is found to be at stake when using eHealth to further the involvement of patients in their own care. We argue that a more rigorous and reflective approach to the use of concepts with rich intellectual histories such as the concept of role will qualify both empirical research in eHealth as well as discussions of implications for practice.