bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH SUHU DAN LAMA PENYANGRAIAN (ROASTING) TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA PADA SEDUHAN KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea Arabica L.) DARI KABUPATEN GAYO, PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Pamungkas Mieko Taqwa , Masrukan Masrukan , SAR Kuntjahjawati
Published: April 2021

Mutu kopi bisa ditingkatkan dengan salah satu proses penanganan pasca panen yang sangat penting yaitu proses penyangraian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan lama penyangraian terhadap mutu kopi arabika gayo. Penelitian ini menggunakan biji kopi arabika yang berasal dari kabupaten bener meriah yang sudah siap untuk disangrai. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan perlakuan variasi suhu penyangraian 190°C, 200°C dan 210°C dengan lama penyangraian 5 menit, 10 menit dan 15 menit. Analisa data dilakukan dengan analysis of variance (Anova) dengan uji lanjut beda nyata Duncan’s new multiple range test  (DNMRT). Parameter analisis meliputi rendemen, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar asam total, kafein dan dilakukan uji organoleptik terhadap 30 orang panelis. Pada penelitian ini hasil terbaik didapatkan pada perlakuan suhu 200°C dengan lama penyangraian 10 menit yang memiliki skor 3,53 yang berarti suka dan sedikit suka, rendemen 78,5%, kadar air 1,34%, kadar abu 4,55(%db), kadar lemak 14,48(%db), kafein 0,87(%db) dan total asam 1,34(%db).
Pengaruh Lama Usaha dan Pemahaman Akuntansi Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan UMKM
Authors: Erawati Teguh , Setyaningrum Lisna
Published: April 2021

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) face several obstacles so that in their business it is difficult to develop, one of which lies in financial management in their business activities so that in presenting financial reports, it creates a separate problem for MSMEs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education level and educational background on the quality of MSME financial reports in Jetis District. The type of research used is quantitative with a descriptive approach. The population in this study were all MSMEs in Jetis District. The data collection method used a questionnaire with a total of 100 respondents. The results of this study provide an explanation that there is a significant positive effect on educational background on the quality of MSME financial reports. Whereas at the level of education is no significant effect on the quality of MSME financial reports.
Peran Komitmen Afektif, Kecerdasan Emosional dan Dukungan Organisasional Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Studi Pada Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan DI Yogyakarta
Authors: Fala Handita , Prayekti Prayekti , Kirana Kusuma Candra
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine (1) the influence of Affective Commitment to OCB, (2) the influence of Emotional Intelligence on OCB, (3) the influence of Organizational Support on OCB, and (4) the influence jointly of Affective Commitment, Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Support to OCB. The type of research used is quantitative research. The population in this study is a permanent employee of the Office of Industry and Trade of the Special Region of Yogyakarta which amounts to 68 people. The sample of this study because less than 100 then 68 permanent employees were involved all. Data collection method using questionnaire using Judgement Sampling technique or often called Purposive Sampling. This study used data quality test, classic assumption test (normality test, heterocysticity test, and multicollinierity test), multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis test. The results of this study showed that Affective Commitment Variables have no effect on OCB Variables. Emotional Intelligence Variables have a positive and significant effect on OCB. Organizational Support Variables have a positive and significant effect on OCB. Variable Affective Commitment, Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Support together or simultaneously affect OCB.
DANGEROUS HYDROLOGICAL PHENOMENA IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR 2016-2020
Authors: Матюшин Юрий Александрович , Зубань Владимир Владимирович , Копченов Владимир Николаевич , Арсланов Артем Минирович
Published: April 2021

В данной статье представлены результаты статистического анализа обстановки с природными чрезвычайными ситуациями, связанными с опасными гидрологическими явлениями в Российской Федерации по федеральным округам за 2016-2020 гг. Анализ производился по количеству опасных гидрологических явлений, числу погибших, пострадавших и спасенных людей при этих чрезвычайных ситуациях, оценивался причиненный материальный ущерб.

This article presents the results of statistical analysis of the situation with natural emergencies associated with dangerous hydrological phenomena in the Russian Federation and in the federal districts for 2016-2020. The analysis was carried out based on the number of dangerous hydrological phenomena, the number of fatalities, injured and rescued people in these emergency situations as well as the material damage caused.
Granulomatosis eosinofílica con Poliangeitis: presentación inusual de una enfermedad rara en la edad pediátrica
Authors: Coronado Ana Karina , Canto Kelineth , Cerrud Humberto , Stichweh Dorothee
Published: April 2021

La granulomatosis eosinofílica con poliangitis (GECPA), es un trastorno poco frecuente en la edad pediátrica, representando menos de un 2% de las vasculitis en pediatría. Su etiología es desconocida y de difícil diagnóstico debido a la variabilidad en su cuadro clínico. Los pacientes presentan como rasgo característico antecedentes de asma, rinitis alérgica y eosinofilia en sangre periférica. A nivel microscópico vasculitis necrosante que afecta a vasos de pequeño a mediano calibre, presencia de granulomas y eosinofilia extravascular.Aunque la GEPA es una vasculitis asociada a la presencia de anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilo (ANCA), en niños sólo se encuentran en menos del 40% de los casos. Presentamos el caso de una escolar de 8 años con cuadros respiratorios recurrentes asociados a eosinofilia superior al 10%, manifestaciones cutáneas importantes, esofagitis eosinofílica y polineuropatía, finalmente diagnosticado con GEPA-ANCA-PR3 (ANCA específico para proteinasa 3).
De Otras Revistas - Envenenamiento pediátrico por mordedura de serpiente: ¿la enfermedad tropical desatendida" más desatendida del mundo?
Authors: Estripeaut C Dora
Published: April 2021

El artículo hace un llamado de atención sobre la importancia de las mordeduras de serpiente como una carga de enfermedad en las comunidades rurales. Afortunadamente, la OMS ha restablecido a las mordeduras de serpiente como parte de la lista de enfermedades tropicales desatendidas y ha puesto en marcha una estrategia global para la prevención y el control del envenenamiento por mordedura de serpiente.
Este artículo, es el primero de dos documentos en los cuales se describe la epidemiología, el impacto socioeconómico y las estrategias clave de prevención.También se exploran los desafíos y prioridades actuales, incluida la producción y distribución de antídotos seguros y eficaces.El artículo inicia con la pregunta: ¿Qué serpientes son las más peligrosas? Y se describe que hay más de 2,500 especies de serpientes clasificadas en la superfamilia colubroidea. Las serpientes pertenecientes a las familias viperidae (por ejemplo, verdaderas víboras y víboras de fosas) y elapidae (subfamilia elapinae) (por ejemplo, cobras, mambas, kraits) son las que ejercen el mayor número de envenenamiento. Las especies más relevantes varían dependiendo de la región. La mayoría de las mordeduras de serpientes ocurren en los pies y en las manos, ya que las personas a menudo trabajan descalzos y con las manos. Los cambios producidos por la deforestación y las actividades mineras han contribuido a acercar a las poblaciones al área de las serpientes, así como también el cambio climático, los desastres naturales y las inundaciones. Desde el año 2019, la OMS lanzó una estrategia para la Prevención y el Control de la Mordedura de Serpiente, en la cual se establecieron cuatro esferas de trabajo prioritarias dirigidas a : 1) empoderar e involucrar a las comunidades, 2) garantizar tratamientos seguros y eficaces, 3) fortalecer los sistemas de salud y 4) aumentar las asociaciones, la coordinación y los recursos. En virtud de esta estrategia, el objetivo es reducir la mortalidad y la discapacidad causadas por la mordedura de serpiente envenenando en un 50% para 2030. Definitivamente la carga de enfermedad por mordedura de serpiente es considerable, sobre todo en comunidades rurales. Se menciona que en la mayoría de los casos estos accidentes se enfrentan a sistemas de salud con infraestructura deficientes para su atención. Sin embargo, con la reciente reincorporación a la lista de enfermedades no transmisibles de la OMS, la aprobación de la resolución de 2018 por la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud y la publicación de un plan estratégico mundial por parte de la OMS, por fin se puede ver que, después de muchas décadas de abandono, la mordedura de serpiente está empezando a recibir la atención que merece.
DOES THE INSURANCE SECTOR REALLY MATTER FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH? EVIDENCE FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Bayar Yilmaz , Dan Gavriletea Marius , Danuletiu Dan Constantin
Published: April 2021

This paper analyses the impact of insurance sector development on economic growth based on a sample that includes 14 Central and Eastern European (CEE) post-transition countries for a period of 19 years, from 1998 to 2016. Considering the presence of cross-section dependence and multiple structural breaks, recently developed panel econometric techniques were employed and led to the following conclusions: (1) life insurance has no significant effect on economic growth in both panel and individual countries, (2) non-life insurance positively affects economic growth in both panel and individual countries, (3) Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test indicates a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to both life and non-life insurance and infers the absence of causal connection between life and non-life insurance and economic growth.
Cracking and strength of reinforced concrete structures in flexure strengthened with carbon fibre laminates
Authors: Valivonis Juozas , Skuturna Tomas
Published: April 2021

The article presents the analysis of the cracking moment and the strength of beams reinforced with external carbon fibre. Experimental research of beams strengthened in this way has been carried out. Three different methods of anchoring external reinforcement were applied to strengthen the beams. The influence of anchorage on the cracking moment and the strength of the beams has been defined. Design methods for defining the cracking moment and the strength have been presented. The design procedure for defining the cracking moment evaluates the curvilinear stress diagrams of concrete under tension and compression. The design procedure for defining the strength of the structures evaluates the stiffness of the contact between the carbon fibre and the concrete. The design results are provided. Comparative analysis of the experimental and the theoretical results has been performed.
Taxonomic revision of the New World members of the trapdoor spider genus Ummidia Thorell (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)
Authors: Godwin Rebecca L. , Bond Jason E.
Published: April 2021

This study documents a comprehensive taxonomic treatment of the New World Ummidia species. At the onset of this work the genus comprised 27 species and one subspecies with a cosmopolitan distribution that includes North America, South America, Asia, northern Africa, and Europe; of these species the majority of the nominal diversity can be attributed to the New World where 20 species have been previously described. Ummidia oaxacana (Chamberlin, 1925) is considered a nomen dubium; U. tuobita (Chamberlin, 1917) and U. absoluta (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940) are both considered junior synonyms of U. audouini (Lucas, 1835); the subspecies U. carabivora emarginata (Atkinson, 1886) is considered a junior synonym of U. carabivora (Atkinson, 1886); U. pygmaea (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1945) is considered a junior synonym of U. beatula (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940); U. celsa (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940) is considered a junior synonym of U. funerea (Gertsch, 1936); Hebestatis lanthanus (Valerio, 1987) is considered a junior synonym of U. rugosa (Karsch, 1880). Thirty-three new species are described: U. neilgaimani, U. gingoteague, U. rongodwini, U. okefenokee, U. richmond, U. macarthuri, U. colemanae, U. rosillos, U. mercedesburnsae, U. paulacushingae, U. waunekaae, U. gertschi, U. timcotai, U. gabrieli, U. pesiou, U. rodeo, U. huascazaloya, U. anaya, U. cuicatec, U. brandicarlileae, U. riverai, U. frankellerae, U. hondurena, U. yojoa, U. matagalpa, U. carlosviquezi, U. varablanca, U. quepoa, U. cerrohoya, U. quijichacaca, U. tibacuy, U. neblina, U. tunapuna.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia in Korea
Authors: Oh Jung Hwan , Kwon Joong Goo , Jung Hye-Kyung , Tae Chung Hyun , Song Kyung Ho , Kang Seung Joo , Kim Sung Eun , Jung Kyoungwon , Kim Joon Sung , Park Jong Kyu , Bang Ki Bae , Shin Jeong Eun , Baeg Myong Ki , Shin Cheol Min , Lee Ju Yup , Lim Hyun Chul ,   Functional Dyspepsia Research Group and Clinical Practice Guidelines Group Under the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
Published: April 2021

Background/Aims: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal symptom complex that routine diagnostic work-up, such as endoscopy, blood laboratory analysis, or radiological examination, fails to identify a cause for. It is highly prevalent in the Korean population, and its response to the various available therapeutic strategies is only modest because of the heterogeneous nature of its pathogenesis. We constituted a guidelines development committee to review the existing guidelines on the management of FD.Methods: This committee drafted statements and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of various studies, guidelines, and randomized control trials. External review was also conducted by selected experts. These clinical practice guidelines for FD were developed based on evidence recently accumulated with the revised version of FD guidelines released in 2011 by the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility.Results: These guidelines apply to adults with chronic symptoms of FD and include the diagnostic role of endoscopy, Helicobacter pylori screening, and systematic review and meta-analyses of the various treatment options for FD (proton pump inhibitors, Helicobacter pylori eradication, and tricyclic antidepressants), especially according to the FD subtype.Conclusions: The purpose of these new guidelines is to aid understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of FD, and the targets of the guidelines are clinicians, healthcare workers at the forefront of patient care, patients, and medical students. The guidelines will continue to be revised and updated periodically.
Résoudre les conflits à l'ancienne ? La pratique du droit coutumier rom en Roumanie
Authors: Mișcoiu Sergiu , Herța Laura
Published: April 2021

Résumé Dans cet article, nous faisons une incursion dans la manière dont le droit coutumier rom résout les conflits intra- et intercommunautaires liés aux mariages précoces en Roumanie. D'abord, nous analysons ici l'importance de cette pratique au sein des communautés rom. Puis, nous nous penchons sur les rapports de coordination et de subordination qui s'établissent entre les pratiques traditionnelles communautaires et les exigences des autorités nationales. Enfin, à travers une étude de cas, nous soulignons l'existence d'une autre hypostase des rapports entre les justices coutumière et étatique, marquée par la prééminence de facto de la première sur la deuxième et nous tirons des conclusions sur la complexification des méthodes traditionnelles de résolution des conflits.
Une mauvaise querelle à l’Université
Authors: Fabiani Jean-Louis
Published: April 2021

Les oppositions qui se sont exprimées à propos d’une prétendue infiltration des départements de sciences sociales par un courant « islamo-gauchiste » témoignent d’évolutions au long cours. Pour retrouver les conditions d’une recherche apaisée, il faut doter l’Université des moyens nécessaires, et ne céder en rien sur la rigueur théorique qui, seule, garantit le pluralisme.
Pourquoi servir l’État ?
Authors: Gobin Antoine , Hot Pauline , Huin-Morales Benjamin
Published: April 2021

Prenant acte du sentiment que l’État ne servirait plus efficacement l’intérêt général, de jeunes hauts fonctionnaires restent convaincus que la puissance publique est le meilleur outil pour faire face aux menaces écologiques, sociales et démocratiques, à condition de la réformer.
Usages éthiques du récit littéraire
Authors: Galabru Sophie
Published: April 2021

Dans cet article, nous nous demandons si la littérature peut détenir un rôle privilégié pour une philosophie de l’éthique. Pour cela, nous souhaitons revenir sur les critiques de Levinas – penseur par excellence de la responsabilité – à l’endroit du récit afin de voir comment la narration et la lecture peuvent récuser, voire dépasser ces critiques et élargir notre compréhension de l’altérité.
Le retour du héros ?
Authors: Chapus Quentin , Berrou Jean-Philippe , Doubogan Yvette Onibon
Published: April 2021

Depuis quelques années, la figure de l’entrepreneur en Afrique fait l’objet d’un regain d’intérêt. Discours – scientifiques, politiques et médiatiques – de valorisation de l’entrepreneuriat et dispositifs actifs de promotion se répandent sur fond de promesses diverses (lutte contre la pauvreté et le réchauffement climatique, moteur de la transition numérique, autonomisation des femmes, etc.). Un tel déploiement discursif interroge : pourquoi ce retour de la figure presque héroïque de l’entrepreneur aujourd’hui ? Cet article se propose de mettre en lumière la manière dont cette rhétorique pro-entrepreneuriale s’est construite et a évolué au sein des institutions internationales du développement, pour illustrer ensuite comment elle se matérialise dans les débats académiques contemporains sur l’entrepreneuriat en Afrique et quel idéal-type dominant de l’entrepreneur il en ressort.
Des Nana Benz aux cheffes d’entreprise contemporaines à Lomé, au Togo
Authors: Vampo Charlotte
Published: April 2021

Cet article questionne la façon dont des cheffes d’entreprise de l’économie formelle à Lomé se représentent l’entrepreneuriat dit « moderne ». Influencées par la circulation d’un ethos de la performance et de l’efficacité dominant dans l’idéologie néolibérale du développement, elles cherchent à se distinguer de la figure mythique de l’entrepreneuriat au Togo qu’est la « Nana Benz » pour affirmer leur caractère « moderne ». L’article mobilise une enquête ethnologique reposant sur des entretiens, des échanges informels et des observations participantes menées auprès de trente-cinq entrepreneures. Il contribue à analyser l’appropriation locale du modèle de la business woman en vogue dans le développement et nuance l’idée d’une transformation radicale des pratiques entre les générations de femmes.
PME agroalimentaires et entrepreneuriat inclusif au Burkina Faso
Authors: Song-Naba Florent , Régnier Philippe
Published: April 2021

En contrepartie de subventions, les bailleurs de fonds incitent de plus en plus les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) à s’engager dans l’entrepreneuriat inclusif. L’article se donne pour objectif d’explorer la manière dont des PME agroalimentaires du Burkina Faso concilient dans ce contexte recherche du profit et objectifs de lutte contre la pauvreté. Prenant appui sur des entretiens qualitatifs, les résultats montrent qu’en facilitant l’accès des petits producteurs au crédit, aux intrants et à l’assistance technique, les PME enquêtées contribuent à améliorer la quantité et la qualité de la production agricole. La disponibilité et la qualité accrues des matières premières agricoles entraînent en retour une amélioration des performances des PME clientes.
Variational problems associated with a system of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with three wave interaction
Authors: Kurata Kazuhiro , Osada Yuki
Published: April 2021

In this paper we study several \begin{document}$ L^2 $\end{document}-constrained variational problems associated with a three component system of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with three wave interaction. We consider the existence and the orbital stability of minimizers for these variational problems. We also investigate an asymptotic expansion of the minimal energy and the asymptotic behavior of a minimizer for the variational problem when the attractive effect of three wave interaction is sufficiently large.
A nonsmooth van der Pol-Duffing oscillator (II): The sum of indices of equilibria is $ 1 $
Authors: Wang Zhaoxia , Chen Hebai
Published: April 2021

We continue to study the nonsmooth van der Pol-Duffing oscillator \begin{document}$ \dot{x} = y $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \dot{y} = a_1x+a_2x^3+b_1y+b_2|x|y $\end{document}, where \begin{document}$ a_i, b_i $\end{document} are real and \begin{document}$ a_2b_2\neq0 $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ i = 1, 2 $\end{document}. Notice that the sum of indices of equilibria is \begin{document}$ -1 $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ a_2>0 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ 1 $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ a_2<0 $\end{document}. When \begin{document}$ a_2>0 $\end{document}, the nonsmooth van der Pol-Duffing oscillator has been studied completely in the companion paper. Attention goes to the bifurcation diagram and all global phase portraits in the Poincaré disc of the nonsmooth van der Pol-Duffing oscillator for \begin{document}$ a_2<0 $\end{document} in this paper. The bifurcation diagram is more complex, which includes two Hopf bifurcation surfaces, one pitchfork bifurcation surface, one homoclinic bifurcation surface, one double limit cycle bifurcation surface and one bifurcation surface for equilibria at infinity. When \begin{document}$ b_2>0 $\end{document} is fixed, this nonsmooth van der Pol-Duffing oscillator cannot be changed into a near-Hamiltonian system for small \begin{document}$ a_1, b_1 $\end{document}. Moreover, the global dynamics of the nonsmooth van der Pol-Duffing oscillator and the van der Pol-Duffing oscillator are different.
Splitting methods for a class of non-potential mean field games
Authors: Liu Siting , Nurbekyan Levon
Published: April 2021

We extend the methods from [39, 37] to a class of non-potential mean-field game (MFG) systems with mixed couplings. Up to now, splitting methods have been applied to potential MFG systems that can be cast as convex-concave saddle-point problems. Here, we show that a class of non-potential MFG can be cast as primal-dual pairs of monotone inclusions and solved via extensions of convex optimization algorithms such as the primal-dual hybrid gradient (PDHG) algorithm. A critical feature of our approach is in considering dual variables of nonlocal couplings in Fourier or feature spaces.
De la circulation des hommes à celles des idées : analyse des bibliothèques de quelques immigrés installés dans le Poitou au xviiie siècle
Authors: Munier Julien
Published: April 2021

Les dossiers de saisie des successions des étrangers décédés sans héritiers légitimes en France contiennent une documentation originale pour l’histoire de l’immigration. Les descriptions des bibliothèques des aubains apportent notamment des informations sur la culture intellectuelle de leurs propriétaires. L’analyse des contenus met en évidence le rôle primordial de la lecture dans le processus d’intégration des immigrants lettrés à la société d’accueil. La diffusion des connaissances modernes reste toutefois très limitée, à la ville comme dans les campagnes, en raison de la vocation strictement utilitariste des acquisitions et de la persistance des conceptions religieuses traditionnelles.
Le pré dans l’économie agraire bas-bretonne au xviiie siècle. Aménagements hydrauliques et spéculations foncières
Authors: Guégan Isabelle
Published: April 2021

En Basse-Bretagne, sous l’Ancien Régime, les paysans avaient pour habitude d’irriguer leurs prés. La pratique est attestée dans les documents relatifs au domaine congéable mais aussi dans les dictionnaires breton-français. L’eau était prélevée dans un petit cours d’eau situé en contrebas et amenée sur la parcelle de terre à irriguer par des canaux. De nombreux chenaux creusés dans la parcelle à irriguer permettaient ensuite à l’eau de dévaler la pente lentement. En apportant des éléments nutritifs à la terre, l’eau favorisait une pousse de l’herbe plus rapide et plus drue. Le paysan pouvait ainsi obtenir deux coupes de foin dans l’année et nourrir son bétail pendant la morte saison. Régulièrement les tribunaux bretons étaient confrontés à des conflits entre paysans portant sur des détournements de l’eau permettant d’irriguer les prés. Les ventes à réméré montrent des paysans impécunieux contraints de se séparer de ces prés irrigués pour sortir de leur endettement en faveur de riches domaniers.
Carnac et Quiberon, deux profils, deux trajectoires des ports vers l’activité balnéaire (du xixe siècle aux années 1930)
Authors: Le Bouëdec Gérard
Published: April 2021

Une trajectoire apparemment proche, du cabotage vers le balnéaire, de deux territoires qui se font face, la presqu’île de Quiberon et Carnac, mais qui cache de nombreuses différences, méritait cette étude comparative. Elle met en évidence des divergences qui tiennent à la nature du territoire, à des différences de notoriété, à des nuances fortes en matière de profil maritime, de développement du programme balnéaire, y compris en ce qui concerne la chronologie, avec au final deux modèles de configuration territoriale.
La création des comices agricoles en Mayenne au xixe siècle : les prémices de « l’État-réseau »
Authors: Tropeau Christophe
Published: April 2021

Les comices agricoles sont souvent perçus comme des vecteurs de modernisation économique dans les campagnes françaises du xixe siècle. Mais d’un point de vue politique, les comices agricoles peuvent aussi être vus comme un moyen pour l’État, qui encourage vivement leur création, d’étendre son contrôle sur le territoire national. C’est ce que Pierre Rosanvallon appelle l’« État-réseau ». À travers l’exemple des comices agricoles créés dans le département de la Mayenne à partir de la fin des années 1830, la structuration du réseau apparaît jusqu’au milieu du Second Empire particulièrement chaotique, ces associations ne pouvant véritablement exister que si elles rencontrent une certaine adhésion parmi la population locale.
Les femmes dans l’environnement des combattants français des fronts de l’Atlantique en 1944-1945
Authors: Weiss Stéphane
Published: April 2021

De septembre 1944 à mai 1945, alors que l’essentiel du territoire français était libéré, la guerre s’est prolongée sur la côte atlantique, au sein de réduits où des garnisons allemandes s’étaient retranchées, de l’estuaire de la Gironde à la Bretagne. Le long siège de ces réduits a majoritairement reposé sur des troupes françaises soit quelque 150 000 hommes. La fonction combattante était alors presque exclusivement masculine. Pour autant, bien que souvent absentes de l’historiographie, des femmes furent présentes en nombre aux côtés de ces combattants ou dans leur environnement social : quelques-unes comme combattantes, davantage comme auxiliaires médicales, d’autres comme animatrices de réseaux d’entraide, comme compagnes ou marraines mais aussi comme sujets de craintes. L’étude du rôle de ces femmes et des représentations dont elles furent l’objet permet d’inscrire celle des fronts de l’Atlantique dans une approche d’histoire sociale dépassant le seul récit des opérations militaires.
Corporate Governance
Authors: Menexiadis Marios Eugene
Published: April 2021

Corporate governance is the cornerstone for the organization, when it comes to effective internal control systems by modern organizations. Over the last 20 years, several business giants have collapsed under the weight of illegalities and frauds, such as Enron, WorldCom, Guinness, Maxwell Group, Barings Bank, etc. The impact of the failure of these organizations on the economies in which they were operating was particularly significant and had a negative impact on those directly or indirectly associated with them. The shareholders, as well as all stakeholders such as suppliers, customers, creditors, employees, and governments of the countries where the above organizations were active, were adversely affected. The failure of the organizations was attributed to the inadequacy of their boards and the lack of organized and effective control mechanisms by their management.
Current Trends in Investment Analysis
Authors: Kouskoukis Marios Nikolaos
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to review the current trends in investment management and performance research. The adaption of both the classic CAPM and the factor models seems to continue, with the realistic factors playing a crucial role and best represent the drivers of investment performance. Another rising area is the search for skill, which is based on the enhanced benchmarks. The availability of quantitative and qualitative data in the academic community has allowed for these areas to evolve in recent years and to emerge as expected in the next decade, as well as to be explored.
Downside Risk Premium
Authors: Toudas Kanellos Stylianou
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to address the main developments and challenges on risk assessment and portfolio management. The former innovation in modern portfolio theory, Markowitz, has been succeeded from linear and non-linear optimization techniques that improve portfolio efficiency. Special emphasis is given on Roy's seminal work on “Safety First Criterion” which advocates that the safety of investments should be prioritized. Thus, an investment should be chosen in a way that it has the lowest probability of falling short of a required threshold of investors. This motivated Markowitz to advocate a downside risk measure based on semivariance. It captures the notion of risk as failure to meet some minimum target. It is influenced by returns below the target rate. It focuses on investors' concern with downside variability and loss reduction. This chapter offers a critical reflection of these recent developments and could be of interest for individual and institutional investors.
Machine Learning Techniques and Risk Management
Authors: Floros Christos , Ballas Panagiotis
Published: April 2021

Crises around the world reveal a generally unstable environment in the last decades within which banks and financial institutions operate. Risk is an inherent characteristic of financial institutions and is a multifaceted phenomenon. Everyday business practice involves decisions, which requires the use of information regarding various types of threats involved together with an evaluation of their impact on future performance, concluding to combinations of types of risks and projected returns for decision makers to choose from. Moreover, financial institutions process a massive amount of data, collected either internally or externally, in an effort to continuously analyse trends of the economy they operate in and decode global economic conditions. Even though research has been performed in the field of accounting and finance, the authors explore the application of machine learning techniques to facilitate decision making by top management of contemporary financial institutions improving the quality of their accounting disclosure.
Orientalism From Past to Present, Traditional to Digital
Authors: Gezgin Suat , Yalçın Seray , Evren Ozan
Published: April 2021

The concept of orientalism, which the Western world puts forward as an academic discipline in order to recognize the Eastern culture, is commonly defined as the effort of the West to facilitate the establishment of the hegemonical structure by building itself over the East. Although orientalism contains different definitions, it is related to many concepts. Among these, there are concepts such as “geographical discoveries,” “colonialism,” “imperialism,” “ethnocentrism” that contribute to our understanding of the relationship between Western-Eastern opposition. Concepts such as “technology” and “digitalization” have been added to these concepts in today's world, and the orientalist discourse continues through digital technologies. In this context, a new concept defined as “digital orientalism” has emerged. The study aims to explain the changing/transforming understanding of orientalism today by shedding light on the understanding of orientalism from the past to the present.
Harem and Woman From Orientalist Pictures to the Cinema
Authors: Tombul Işıl
Published: April 2021

Orientalist art played an important role in the orientalist knowledge base. Depictions of the East, especially in the art of painting, have created a representation of the East in the West's mind. However, this representation is exactly what the Westerner wants to see. One of the subjects that Westerners want to see and hear most is the harem. In orientalist art, women are depicted here as if they were always standing naked for their masters. Whereas harem is a place of pleasure and delight for the West, it is a family institution for the East. There is a transition from orientalist paintings to cinema in harem representation. For this reason, this transition from painting to modern art needs to be read intertext. In this study, the reflection of the harem institution from painting to the cinema in the Ottoman Empire is examined. Ferzan Özpetek's movie Harem Suare (1999) was examined together with the paintings of orientalist painters, and intertextual reading was made.
French Orientalism Representations of Ottoman in Caricatures in Le Petit Journal
Authors: Anaz Mehtap , Anaz Necati
Published: April 2021

This study attempts to answer a number of questions inspired by popular geopolitics literature on how the French newspaper, Le Petit Journal, depicted the Ottoman Empire (including the Sultan Abdulhamid II and the Turkish parliament) and reflected their views to their readers in their publications. And how the Ottoman 'other' was constructed by the journal in relation to France's political position during the Balkan Wars. The examination of the newspaper from 1908 to 1913 suggests that the journal's understanding of the Ottoman subject rests parallel to that of France, especially during the years of the Balkan Wars in Europe. This study also expresses that war-time knowledge production via quotidian channels inform the geographical imaginations of the masses in particular ways. In the end, the authors re-emphasize that knowledge production on the orient involves a whole set of image constructions as introduced in orientalism studies.
Diversity or Uniformity
Authors: Süar Oral Selin
Published: April 2021

Emoji is a Japanese term that reminds users in the digital world about history, community, attitudes, appearances, economics, and politics while texting. This study aims to address identity representations that are focused on the demands of distinction in the postmodern era and offered by emoji in the digital world. The thesis also attempts to challenge whether the structure of multiple identities is feasible in the postmodern era and/or whether identities are re-uniformized in a symbolic language.
Projection of Orientalist Elements
Authors: Beyazyüz Selim
Published: April 2021

The age of discovery is one of the most important periods in human history whose effects continue to be seen. In this period, the world was traveled by European sailors, new continents were discovered, and the discovered resources, work, and labor power flowed to Europe. All these developments have led to changes in the perception of the East in the West. Orientalism, defined as the manifestation of the West on the East, has found a place in art, literature, all kinds of written or printed media, especially cinema. The purpose of the study is to examine the domination structures starting with colonialism in the context of orientalism through the narratives of cinema in light of information. The narrative of 12 Years a Slave (2013) was examined using the discourse analysis method which is one of the qualitative text analysis. As a result, it was seen that the dialogues, images, character depictions, and the language used played an important role in the presentation of the othering; the white man was in the role of savior/god/good, and this situation was also supported by metaphors.
The Discursive Representation of Islam and Muslims in Movies
Authors: Güven Fikret
Published: April 2021

September 11 has changed the world we live in. Justifications and commentaries have been a revival of the East/West Orientalist binarism. Movies on September 11 and the subsequent Iraq War have continued to follow the same discourse, first lending themselves as conveyors of knowledge and later passing their Orientalism under a guise of art. The selected movies are Paul Greengrass's United 93, Peter Markle's Flight 93, David Priest's Portraits of Courage, Kathryn Bigelow's The Hurt Locker, and Peter Berg's The Kingdom. The subject matter of the movies discussed in this chapter focuses on September 11 and the subsequent Iraq War for being the major recent historical events which are continually depicted as an inherent East/West conflict. It largely shapes today's perception of the world or in other terms creates a sense of a new perception today despite the continuity of the same Orientalist binarism that has always been there.
Searching for the East in the Shadow of the West
Authors: Akmeşe Eşref
Published: April 2021

Orientalism is defined as part of the discourse of power which includes the purpose of exploitation and domination that represents attribution of “Easterner” qualities that are opposite and inferior to the qualities that Euro-American cultures ascribe to themselves, and labeling them as irrational, uncivilized, inferior, not open to change, and so on. Orientalism, which is an expression of an extensive and long-term cultural and ideological process, states a discourse that marginalizes what it leaves out of Euro-American culture. This style of discourse is effective in different mediums and reproduced consistently. In this chapter, asserted Eurocentric arguments in the modern orientalist discourse are discussed with a critical approach through Dutch director Mijke de Jong's film Layla M. (2016).
The Trial of Traditional Turkish Culture With the Auto-Orientalist Cultural Industry
Authors: Gülüm Erol
Published: April 2021

Traditional Turkish culture has archaic, unique, universal, diverse, dynamic, competitive, and distinctive contents (traditional knowledge and practices, cultural codes, canonical images, motifs, structural patterns, etc.) that can be valued in different ways in cultural creative industries. However, this cultural capital cannot be utilized sufficiently to meet Turkey's sustainable economic development goals from the past to the present. One of the main reasons why the potential inherent in traditional culture cannot be effectively, creatively, and innovatively actualized is the predominance of auto-orientalist discourse in the Turkish cultural industry. Here, in this text, the trial of traditional culture with auto-orientalist Turkish cultural industry will be analyzed from historical, sociological, and economic aspects.
An Orientalist “Journey” to Istanbul From the Super Bowl Final
Authors: Nizam Feridun
Published: April 2021

This study is firstly built on the determination of the orientalist elements in Turkish Airlines' commercial film Journey, which was broadcast in the Super Bowl final of the 2019 American Football League, and how Turkish culture is represented in Istanbul with these orientalist elements. In the context of the sample handled in the study, Turkish architectural structures, Turkish historical structures, Turkish Islamic cultural elements, and Turkish traditions are included, and the presentation of Istanbul from the eyes of a “foreigner” with an orientalist point of view has been handled with the method of semiotic analysis. The main problem of the study is on the different presentation of the East and Istanbul, despite the usual orientalist perspective in media contents and especially in advertising. In this sense, it focuses not on anti-orientalism, but on the conclusion that orientalism is presented with the change of classical narratives.
From Theory to Discussion Orientalism and History From Past to Present
Authors: Kalayci İsa , Kuşçi Ahmet
Published: April 2021

The subject of orientalism is generally discussed by both Western and Eastern researchers from a religious-centered perspective. However, this issue can be understood by analyzing in terms of inter-communal and socio-economic-cultural interactions and perceptions. In this respect, revealing the relationship between orientalism and history strengthens the originality claim of this chapter. In addition to this, considering that mission of history science is not just “past,” knowledge about the current debates of orientalism is significant in analyzing the situation. This makes it necessary to research the “orientalism-history-media” equation. In short, the reflections of orientalism in media are also addressed in order to reach the current knowledge in this section. Therefore, it has been tried to reveal how a historical issue evolved in the 19th century.
Reflection of Orientalist Discourse on Netflix Turkey
Authors: Özkent Yasemin
Published: April 2021

This study focuses on the analysis of the orientalist structures in The Protector (2018-2020) which is the first original series of Netflix Turkey. The formation method of the image of the East through a popular culture product in a global digital broadcast program constituted the starting point of the study. New media platforms have also gained a place as the principal actor of orientalist fiction with the development of digital technology today. As a digital platform producing special contents for each country, Netflix interprets cultural values through exchanging and re-producing them. Accordingly, discourse analysis method was used in the study to discover how orientalism related patterns were inserted in Netflix contents. Formation of orientalist discourse was examined through character representation and time-space representation categories formed through considering theoretic information. As a result, it was observed that orientalism has also found a representation area for itself in media devices emerging with technology.
Reproducing Orientalism With Cinema
Authors: Yüceer Berker Deniz
Published: April 2021

The place and importance of mass media as an ideological device is accepted without any discussion today. The sovereign states, trying to impose their ideology and world view to “others,” impose the dominant ideology by using the media as well as economic and political pressure. Cinema is like a mirror that reveals the socio-cultural and economic structures in societies and reflects all changes and conflicts. Therefore, the relationship between cinema and social structure is quite strong. At this point, the relationship between cinema and orientalism, which is the subject of the study, becomes important. Orientalism is constantly being reproduced through cinema, which is one of the most effective mass media. In this context, the movie Aladdin produced in 2019 will be analyzed in order to analyze how the orientalist perspective is reproduced with cinema and how the eastern image is “otherized.” In the study, critical discourse analysis method was preferred for the purpose of analyzing the social and political backgrounds of the ideologies in the film.
Technological Issues in Emotional and Mental Health
Authors: K. Suresh , G. Manimozhi , M. Elango
Published: April 2021

In the 21st century, people are connecting with technology, and most of the people are spending time in social networks for sharing information. For the most part, spending time on social media is linked with an increased risk of loneliness and depression. Negative effects of social media and social network are affecting the person's mental, emotional, and physical health. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 8,000,000 people are dying due to suicide every year, and especially, every 40 seconds teenagers are dying. Generally, most of the teenagers are emotionally imbalanced; most of the suicide is committed on high depression. Depression is the foremost cause of emotional and mental illness. Emotional health is a state of emotional wellbeing, and it's a hidden and invisible factor as well as a factor for good mental health; mental health is a deep-seated problem for most humans. With this background, this chapter discusses the emotional and mental health with respect to technological issues.
Counseling Refugees
Authors: Nunis Ann Nicole
Published: April 2021

This chapter discusses the plight of refugees, the challenges faced, and the psychosocial impact of said challenges. It further provides practitioners with a review of coping methods utilized by refugees throughout the refugee journey in order to highlight possible protective factors practitioners may build on in the provision of mental health services. Lastly, the chapter provides an overview of current therapeutic frameworks that are culturally sensitive for counselling refugees, the challenges in the provision of mental health services, and techniques utilized by practitioners in the delivery of mental health services through evidence of research and case-based examples.
Socialization or Social Isolation?
Authors: Heyes Kim
Published: April 2021

This research project specifically examines the experience of online community support groups as reported by users. The project began out of concern that healthcare providers in the Global North are directing people with mental health problems to online services, without seemingly understanding the impact that this may have on the individuals. The research findings will be of particular interest to mental health practitioners and service providers in the UK and elsewhere in the Global North, and aims to influence decisions made for policies around developing new online mental health services.
Virtual Communities, Machine Learning and IoT
Authors: El Morr Christo
Published: April 2021

Mental health challenges such as stress, anxiety and depression are on the rise worldwide. Health virtual communities (VCs) is a rising paradigm that has proven to be efficient and effective in delivering mental health interventions that address self-management, diagnosis and treatment targeting people facing mental health challenges. However, current Health VCs have limited application; they lack the ability to provide access to coordinated services and to continuously collect and integrate data originating from different devices in a streamlined manner. The Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning represent a unique opportunity to expand the Health Virtual Community applications in the mental health domain; however, they represent a unique situation where challenges arise. This article will discuss the opportunities and challenges that virtual communities, machine learning and IoT represent for mental health research.
The Role of AYUSH in Mental Well-Being
Authors: Dehury Ranjit Kumar , Kumar Rajeev
Published: April 2021

Mental wellbeing was the centerpiece of the Indian system of medicine. Many healthcare issues are resolved by the peace of mind and brain stimulating processes. Of late, Government of India adopted many systems of medicines that are complementary to the modern allopathic medicines and named it AYUSH system of medicine. In this Ayurveda, Yoga, Homoeopathy, Siddha, Unani, Swa-rigppa, and additional healing systems are represented. There is also a great need for psychological wellbeing due to the rapid increase in stressful life situations. The current modern medical care is not adequate to provide mental health services in the society. At the same time, many indigenous and AYUSH system have come into action and solve the problem the best way it possible. The chapter focuses on the role of AYUSH system in catering to mental wellbeing in India. The policies of the government of India are to promote mental health and wellbeing in society. The specialties of various systems of medicine in curing the mental health conditions have been elaborated.