bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHILOSOPHY OF THE PROVERBIAL “JEME TUE” AND BESEMAH ETHNIC IN PAGARALAM
Authors: Afriantoni Afriantoni
Published: August 2019

The proverbial of “Jeme tue” in Besemah ethnic in Pagaralam hassome philosophical values. These valuesare: 1) Value of Responsibility (ndepat mbaliq, serame beghagih, utang mbayar, piutang tanggapi); 2) Value of Honesty (janji tunggu, kate bertareh; nde ughang, nde ughang, nde dighi, nde dighi); 3) Value of Social Concern (seganti, setungguan; jangan ngehuh ulu mandian; jangan menghentak jambat; dan amu dik pacak iluki, jangan menghusak jadilah); 4) Value of Love (ndek kecik nurut, nde besak peralah, nde tue ngipa;, iluk-iluk la dik beradik, jangan mudah bepengambik dan amu ndak iluk mpung gi undak); 5) Value of Patience (antak ke lemak, nangdung kudai); 6)Value of Maturity (bekenceghan); 7) Value of Courage (takut jangan belaghi, melawan jangan ngalau); and 8) Value of Hard Work (berangkekah pedang di tangan, siangi jalan ke mandian). The values of individual philosophy contained in the proverbs have a very influential meaning to the young Islamic generation themselves, as they are applied in the family and society.
TRACING THE CONCEPT OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP OF ISLAM NUSANTARA
Authors: Faddad Zaki
Published: August 2019

Certain community both based ethnicities and nationalities have different characteristics on the notion of political leadership. Studies on the political leadership concept in Indonesia cannot escape from the Javanese political leadership characteristics. The reason is simply, because most of Indonesian leaders are from Java. Ben Anderson (1990) sees the Sukarno and Suharto leadership as the representation of Islamic Mataram Kingdom that was absolute and totalitarian typical leadership. Then, it follows cultural stereotyping of political leadership based on ethnicity in Indonesia. Jajat Burhanuddin (2014) sees that Melayu has democratic political culture, while Jawa has authoritarian political culture based on the creed “Manunggaling Kawula Gusti” –Unity between God-ruler or Subject-ruler. However Burhanuddin (2014) does not explain the nature of the creed in Javanese typical political leadership. Naim (2014) controversially sees that there are bipolar characteristics of political leadership in Indonesia.  Jawa has absolute and totalitarian typical leadership that is influenced by Javanese local belief; otherwise Melayu (Outside Jawa) has egalitarian and democratic political leadership that is strong influenced by Islamic teaching. This paper tries to dig the understanding of principles on political leadership in Indonesia by making comparison both Jawa and Melayu on the nature of political leadership. The paper engages Talal Asad (2009) conceptual frameworks on discursive tradition. Thus from Asad point of view political leadership is the result of a dynamic process between agency and structure. That is a process of negotiation between the ruler and subjects in a certain structure.
THE MAINTENANCE STRATEGY OF MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY IN THE MALAY WORLD OF INDONESIA
Authors: Sukardi Ismail
Published: August 2019

The fact that Indonesia's Malay world is a very multicultural country is often the reason for the emergence of various conflicts in the name of ethnicity, religion, and race (SARA), such as the Poso, Ambon, Papua, Kalimantan, Ahmadiyah, and so on. This paper explains about various efforts that can be sought to maintain stability and harmony in pluralism of Indonesian Malay world. Existential awareness as a multicultural nation is a social and ideological capital that must continue to be grown, developed, and maintained so that Indonesia is more just, prosperous, safe, peaceful, and prosperous. Therefore the strategic agenda that must be carried out is to encourage increased strategic role of religious leaders, encourage the growth of mutual understanding between religious communities, seek social cooperation between religious groups, promote multicultural education, and incorporate elements of democratic principles and human rights (HAM) in curriculum.
Análisis comparativo de las normas de empaque y rotulado de fármacos veterinarios de la Comunidad Andina y la Unión Europea
Authors: Jaramillo Francisco , Clery Arturo
Published: August 2019

Este trabajo pretende ser una herramienta técnica, tanto para las autoridades competentes, como para el personal del área regulatoria de las empresas farmacéuticas veterinarias que necesiten registrar un producto veterinario en los bloques de las naciones europeas o andinas, describiendo los puntos en los que las normativas supranacionales son coincidentes y discrepantes, y de esta manera facilitar la conversión del formato de etiquetado y embalaje, dependiendo ante qué bloque se desea registrar el medicamento veterinario en cuestión.
FAKTOR PENDORONG TERKAIT PERILAKU PATUH KARYAWAN PT PUPUK KALIMANTAN TIMUR DALAM MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PELINDUNG TELINGA (APT)
Authors: Arifin Rudi
Published: August 2019

Background: Noise has an impact on hearing loss and decreased power. Therefore the need for noise control one of them by using the ear protector. However, some studies have been done that workers who do not use personal protective equipment as the highest risk compared with others. It is necessary to change the behaviour of workers who do not use personal protective equipment to be obedient in using personal protective equipment. Purpose: the aims of this study to identify several factors that encourage obedient behaviour toward the use of ear protector in PT. Pupuk Kalimantan Timur. Methods: This research method using descriptive research by using Primary and secondary data. Primary data collected from in-depth interview and observation. Results: The results of the study explained that all operators of ammonia and urea compressors of PT. Pupuk Kalimantan Timur was Already Compliant in using ear protection. However, there are still a number of factors that are less appropriate. The driving factors are knowledge of noise engineering control, the direct impact of noise, intensity and duration of exposure. Conclusion: The driving factors are knowledge of noise engineering control, the direct impact of noise, intensity and duration of exposure.
Contemporary Development in Floating Oral In-Situ Gel: A Review
Authors: Ramesh Pareek  , Pawan Kumar Sharma  , Vandana Sharma
Published: August 2019

Conventional oral dosage forms having low bioavailability problems due to their rapid gastric transition from stomach, in case of drugs which are less soluble at alkaline pH of intestine. Further drugs which produce their nearby activity in stomach, get quickly emptied don't get enough residence time in stomach. To avoid these problems, different endeavors have been made to draw out the the retention time of drug in stomach. The development of in situ gel systems has gotten impressive consideration in the course of recent years as it gives the most ideal approach to conquer problems of immediate release and short GI residence of fluids. In situ gel forming drug delivery systems are principle, capable of releasing drug in a sustained manner maintaining relatively constant plasma profiles. The in situ gel dosage form is a liquid before administration and after it interacts with gastric contents gets changed over to gel which floats on gastric contents. In situ gel formation happens because of one or combination of various stimuli like pH change, temperature modulation and ionic crosslinking. This accomplishes expanded residence as well as sustained release. It can be easily applied to the site of drug absorption where they swell to form a strong gel that is capable of prolonging the residence time of the active substance.  This review gives a short thought regarding floating oral in situ gel formation and research done by different researchers on various drugs.
Tıp fakültesi ve meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinde sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ve etkileyen faktörler
Authors: SERT Abdullah
Published: August 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Yüzüncü Yıl
Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi ve Van Meslek Yüksek Okulu’nda eğitim gören
öğrencilerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi ve bu
davranışlarla ilişkili sosyo-demografik özelliklerin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmanın evreni Yüzüncü Yıl
Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi ve Van Meslek Yüksek Okulu’nda eğitim gören 1842
öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Tabakalı ve sistematik yöntemle seçilen 470 öğrenci
örnek grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında öğrencilerin sosyo-demografik
özelliklerini ve sağlıklarıyla ilgili bazı konuları sorgulayan bir anket ile
Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları-II (SYBD-II) ölçeği gözetim altında
uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin 313’ü (%66.6)
Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda, 157’si (%33.4) Tıp Fakültesinde öğrenim görmektedir.
Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin 199’u (%42.6) kız, 268’i (%57.4) erkektir.
Öğrencilerin yaşlarının ortanca değeri 22’dir (en küçük-en büyük=17-60).
Öğrencilerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ölçeğinden aldıkları puanın
ortalaması 123.2±20.6’dir. Fakülteler arasında SYBD toplam puanı açısından
istatistik olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır (p=0.05).  Sonuç: Öğrencilerin SYBD toplam
puanı ortalaması orta düzeyde bulunmuştur. SYBD düzeyinin artırılması için
farkındalık yaratma ve bilinçlendirme çalışmaları yapılmalıdır.
Relationship between corruption and capital flight in Kenya: 1998-2018
Authors: Mwangi Mercy , Njuguna Amos , Achoki George
Published: August 2019

The study established the relationship between corruption and capital flight in Kenya over the period 1998 to 2018. Quarterly time series data for calculation of capital flight and for GDP growth rate and exchange rates were collected from the Central Bank of Kenya and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Corruption perception index data was collected from the Transparency International website. Two Autoregressive Distributed-lagged models were fitted. Regression coefficients for corruption were -0.114 and 0.066 in the short run and -0.501 in the long run and the p values were 0.523 and 0.691 and 0.558 respectively, indicating no significant relationship. Regression results showed a coefficient of 0.01 and 0.003 for the Gross Domestic Product growth rate in the short run, and 0.049 in the long run. The p values were 0.670, 0.855 and 0.578 respectively denoting no significant relationship. Regression results showed a coefficient of 0.002 and 0.003 for the exchange rate in the short run, 0.43 for the exchange rate in the long run. The p values were 0.891 and 0.584 and 0.095 respectively indicating that a one % increase in the exchange rate would lead to a 0.043 % increase in capital flight in the long run. Regression results of lagged capital flight on capital flight showed a coefficient of 0.904. The p-value was 0.000 meaning that a one % increase in lagged capital flight would lead to a 0.904 % increase in capital flight. The study recommended that the government devises policies that would prevent further capital flight and generate capital flight reversal.
The role of stakeholders in managing order and sanitation of Sukaramai traditional market
Authors: Arinda Hanif , Zuska Fikarwin , Lubis Zulkifli
Published: August 2019

A traditional market is a place where people’s economic, social, and cultural activities occur. In Indonesia, the traditional market is known as the place which is, disorganized, dingy, stink, and disordered, but it is still favored by many people in meeting their daily needs. The objective of this study was to find out the role of stakeholders in managing the order and sanitation Sukaramai traditional market. The study used a descriptive qualitative method. The data were gathered by conducting interviews with some informants, consisted of Regional Government of Medan Market, Urban Civil Service Police, Sanitation Department of Medan, vendors, and buyers. The result of the research showed that the stakeholders had worked according to the Regional Regulation on the Management of order and sanitation of Sukaramai traditional market. However, the Sanitation Agency could not do its job well even though waste management in this market was not optimal. Vendors’ disobedience with the rules was also the cause of why this market could not be operated cleanly and neatly.
Influence of continuous quality improvement on patients’ satisfaction within hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Ntwiga Pamleila Nkirote , Muchara Maina , Kiriri Peter
Published: August 2019

The study examined the influence of implementation of continuous quality improvement (CQI) on patient satisfaction in hospitals within Nairobi. Literature from developed countries indicates that the application of continuous quality improvement has a significant influence on customer satisfaction. However, there is limited literature originating from developing countries. This study aimed at understanding the influence of continuous quality improvements such as Innovativeness, Quality Indicators, Information sharing and Risk management on customer (patient) satisfaction. To reinforce the study, theoretical and empirical review on the CQI and customer (patient) satisfaction was conducted from current and classical literature adopting the total quality management theory of profound knowledge, and the expectation confirmation theory. The mixed research design was used to target employees and patients of hospitals within Nairobi, from whom data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Simple random sampling was used to select hospital employees while stratified random sampling was used to select the patients. The questions were placed on a five-point Likert scale. The results of this study showed that innovativeness, information sharing, and risk management significantly influenced patients’ satisfaction, while quality indicators had no significant influence on patients’ satisfaction. This study, therefore, concluded that continuous quality improvement positively and significantly predicted patients’ satisfaction within the hospitals in Nairobi. The study findings guided the researcher to recommend among other things, leaders in the healthcare industry to draw customer satisfaction through the CQI application. Achieved through feedback from the patients and utilizing such information to improve the patient experiences. The researcher proposes that future studies be carried to cut across other industries that were not captured.
Review of the Efficacy of UVC for Surface Decontamination
Authors: Elgujja Abba , Altalhi HAifa Humaidan , Ezreqat Salah
Published: August 2019

Evidence has shown that the state of the patient care environment has a direct impact in heightening the risks of hospital acquired infections among patients admitted in hospitals. And in view of the sub-optimal standard of cleanings by housekeeping staff, the quest for a better approach to reliably disinfect environmental surfaces in healthcare facilities. The ultraviolet light has been known for its antimicrobial property, and have been used in water treatment, food processing and in-duct cleaning of ventilations. A recent introduction of its use for surface decontamination has raised interest among hospitals.However, studies have shown that, in spite of its relative success in other applications, there is doubt in its efficacy in decontaminating shadowed areas of the room, and therefore, would not be seen as justifying its capital intensiveness.
Enhanced Mechanical-Integrity Characterization of Oilwell Annular Sealants Under In-Situ Downhole Conditions
Authors: Jimenez Walmy Cuello , Darbe Robert , Pang Xueyu
Published: August 2019

In this study, we describe an innovative and novel methodology comprising a high–pressure/high–temperature (HP/HT) in–situ–triaxial–testing apparatus for the measurement of sealant mechanical properties (i.e., compressive strength, Young's modulus, and tensile strength) under simulated downhole conditions. The equipment can be used to perform both curing and testing using the same apparatus, thus eliminating depressurization and cooling of test specimens. Additionally, at minimum, three samples can be tested sequentially for statistical analysis and uncertainty mitigation, along with performing real–time monitoring of total HP/HT shrinkage/expansion. The testing apparatus is rated to 30,000 psi for axial loading, 20,000 psi for confining loading, and 400°F. Preliminary validation of Young's modulus was performed with five different plastic samples, yielding error percentages of less than 5% compared to measurements performed using a standardized loading frame. Compressive– and tensile–strength validations were performed using a 16–lbm/gal cement design, and error percentages of less than 2.5 and 7%, respectively, were obtained compared to standardized testing procedures or other studies of the subject. Moreover, a 16–lbm/gal cement system was also used to help assess the functionality of the testing apparatus under simulated wellbore conditions with temperature and pressure ranging from 80 to 350°F and 3,000 to 8,000 psi, respectively.
Intention to use Maternity Waiting Home and determinant factors among pregnant women in Misrak Badewacho District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A cross sectional study
Authors: Obola Teshale Dojamo , Leimengo Tekleab Yohannes , Herut Berhan Meshesha , Kebede Deresse Legesse
Published: August 2019

Background: -

Maternity waiting homes (MWHs) are residential facilities located near a health facility to accommodate women in their final weeks of pregnancy to bridge the geographic gap in obstetric care between rural and urban areas and areas with poor access to a facility. The world health organization adopted it as one component of a comprehensive package to prevent maternal morbidity and mortality. Yet, there is a shortage of information on the magnitude of intention and utilization of MWH among pregnant women in the study area. The purpose of the study was to assess intention to use MWH and associated factors among pregnant women.
Treating periodontitis-A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing ultrasonic and subgingival hand scaling at different pocket probing depths.
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hu Zixuan , Zhu Xuesong , Chen Jun , Li Wenjie
Published: August 2019

Background: Mechanical plaque removal has been commonly accepted to be the basis for periodontitis treatment. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of ultrasonic subgingival scaling and subgingival hand scaling at different initial pocket probing depths in periodontitis treatment. Methods: Public databases were searched. Weighted mean pocket probing depths and clinical attachment loss reduction differences estimated by random effects model. Results: Ten randomized controlled trials were included out of 1,434 identified. Selected outcomes were pocket probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Initial pocket probing depth and follow-up periods formed subgroups. For 3-month follow-up: (1) too few shallow initial pocket studies available; (2) medium depth studies were unmergeable; (3) deep studies were adequate. No statistical differences between pocket probing depth nor clinical attachment loss reduction between ultrasound and hand groups. For 6-month follow-up: (1) too few shallow initial pocket probing depth studies for analysis; (2) medium initial pocket probing depth studies favored hand scaling. No statistical differences observed in clinical attachment loss reduction between the two approaches; (3) deep initial pocket probing depth studies showed hand scaling superior by both measures. Conclusion: When initial pocket probing depths were ≥4mm, pocket probing depth results, clinical attachment loss reduction, and other outcomes indicated subgingival hand scaling was superior. When operation duration and comfort were considered, ultrasonic debridement was.
Predisposing factors influencing occupational injury among frontline building construction workers in Ghana
Authors: Amissah John , Badu Eric , Agyei-Baffour Peter , Nakua Emmanuel Kwaku , Mensah Isaac
Published: August 2019

Objective
This study aims to examine the predisposing factors influencing occupational injuries among frontline construction workers in Ghana. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 634 frontline construction workers in Kumasi metropolis of Ghana using a structured questionnaire. The study was conducted from December 2016 to June 2017 using a household-based approach. The respondent were selected through a two-staged sampling approach. A multivariate logistics regression model was employed to examine the association between risk factors and injury. Data was analyzed employing descriptive and inferential statistics with STATA version 14.

Results
The study found an injury prevalence of 57.91% among the workers. Open Wounds (37.29%) and fractures (6.78%) were the common and least injuries recorded respectively. The distal factors (eg. Age, sex of worker, income) and proximal factors (eg. work structure, trade specialization, working hours, job/task location, and monthly off days were risk factors for occupational injuries among frontline construction workers. The study recommends that policy makers and occupational health expert should incorporate the proximal and distal factors in the design of injury prevention as well as management strategies.
A fast and simple protocol for synthesizing effective antimicrobial silver nanoparticles in non-specialized facilities
Authors: Vazquez-Munoz Roberto , Arellano-Jimenez M. Josefina , Lopez-Ribot Jose L.
Published: August 2019

Objective

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be difficult or expensive to obtain or synthesize for laboratories in resource-limited facilities. The purpose of this work was to create a fast, facile, and cost-effective method for synthesizing AgNPs with potent antimicrobial properties, that can be readily implemented in non-specialized laboratories.Results

Our developed method uses a rather simple and rapid chemical reduction process that involves the addition of a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution to a warmed silver nitrate solution under constant vigorous stirring, immediately followed by the addition of sodium borohydride with constant stirring for an additional 15 minutes. AgNPs had an aspect ratio close to 1, with an average size of 6.18 ± 5 nm. AgNPs displayed potent antimicrobial activity, with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration values of 3 µg mL-1 and 1.5 µg mL-1 for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans respectively.Keywords :

Silver nanoparticles, nanoantibiotics, synthesis method, AgNPs, metallic nanoparticles
Human plasma dynamically quenches the fluorescein at the initial point of Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC) Assay
Authors: Gunawardena Harshi Prasadini , Silva Renuka , Ranasinghe Pathmasiri
Published: August 2019

Objective: Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay measures the quenching of fluorescent probe by peroxyl radicals. Antioxidants present in biological systems block the quenching of fluorescence probe. We experienced the dynamic quenching of fluorescein, the fluorescence probe used in ORAC assay by human plasma while the plasma ORAC assay was optimized. Therefore, for the first time, we report the quenching of fluorescein by human plasma at the initial point of ORAC assay. Results: Aqueous whole and non-protein fractions of plasma were used in the analysis. Since both fractions showed a similar pattern of quenching at the initial stage, quenched percentage of fluorescein was calculated and added to each sample in subsequent analysis. Addition of extra 20% fluorescein allowed plasma samples to quench the required amount of fluorescein and follow the normal decay curves afterwards. Further, change of fluorescein quenching (ΔF/F0) disclosed a dose dependent linear relationship with plasma (R2=0.8). Conclusion: It can be speculated that dynamic quenching exhibited by human plasma biomolecule/s at the initial stage would be of non-protein aqueous phase molecule/s. We suggest initiating further studies to detect, identify and quantify the fluorescein quenching biomolecules present in human plasma for further improvements in plasma ORAC assay.
Instant analgesic effect of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on primary dysmenorrhoea according to functional magnetic resonance imaging: Study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Wang Lezheng , Yang Jian
Published: August 2019

Background: Primary dysmenorrhoea (PDM) is defined as a series of pain-dominated symptoms during and after menstruation without organic lesions. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral contraceptives are usually recommended as first-line drugs for the clinical treatment of PDM, but their widespread long-term application is controversial. Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) has been widely applied in musculoskeletal rehabilitation because of its secure and non-invasive characteristics and its confirmed effect in improving pain symptoms. This research seeks to explore the efficacy of rESWT for PDM and the changes in brain function of patients with PDM. Methods: This clinical research will be a randomised, evaluated blind and sham-controlled trial. Forty-six patients with PDM will be divided into the rESWT group (n = 23) and the sham rESWT group (n = 23) at random. In the rESWT group, treatment will be applied once within 48 hours of menstruation at six abdominal myofascial trigger points. The sham rESWT group will receive sham shockwave therapy on the same sites but without energy input. Other dysmenorrhoea-related treatments in both groups will be limited. The main indicators include the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale. The secondary indicators include the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) changes in brain regions. Results will be evaluated at the screening, baseline and before and after treatment, and adverse treatments will be examined. Inter- and intra-group analyses will be performed in the statistics section. Discussion: This randomised controlled study is designed to explore the immediate efficacy of rESWT for PDM. After rESWT treatment, PDM symptom tests, pain tests as well as fMRI data will be investigated for the potential connections between immediate neuroanalgesic mechanisms, which are associated with pain and brain networks. The main results will be used to assess the efficacy of rESWT, and secondary results will focus on improving the neurobiological understanding of disease treatment.
Efficacy and safety of Guhong injection for treating the Coronary microvascular disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhuang Jieqin , Liu Shuling , Cai Hairong , Dai Xingzhen , Chen Yanhong , Jin Zilin , Chen Bojun
Published: August 2019

Background: Coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) refers to cardiovascular diseases with normal coronary angiography but evidence of myocardial ischemia or microcirculation lesions, often presenting as angina pectoris attack. Coronary artery of microtubules dysfunction is one of the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease,but the occurrence and development and the current of CMVD intervention therapy remains to be further researched.Chinese traditional medicine (TCM)has advantages in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, therefore, this article describes an ongoing randomized controlled clinical trial, based on the theory of TCM, for the purpose of evaluating the efficacy and safety of Guhong injection ,a Chinese patent medicine,compared with placebo in patients suffering from CMVD. Methods/design: This is a multicenter, randomized, parallel arm, open-label, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 260 eligible patients will be allocated and randomly assigned, in a ratio of 1:1, to either the experimental group or the control group. The treatment course is 10 consecutive days, with a 8-week follow-up. The primary outcome is the frequency of angina attacks, Secondary outcomes include myocardial metabolites, ecg changes, quantitative score of TCM syndromes, inflammatory response and endothelial function indicators. Discussion: This trial is strictly designed in accordance with principles and regulations issued by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). The results will provide high quality evidence on the efficacy and safety of Guhong injection in the treatment of CMVD. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, ChiCTR1900022902. Registered on 27 April 2019.
La evolución del concepto de seguridad y la transformación de la seguridad colectiva en la ONU
Authors: Tenorio María Juliana
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo analizará de forma comparativa desde la perspectiva de las Relaciones Internacionales cómo ha evolucionado el concepto de seguridad desde antes de la finalización de la Guerra Fría (período 1945-1990) y en el período posterior a la misma (1990-2000 en adelante), y la configuración de la estructura de la ONU, como consecuencia de esa transformación, particularmente a través de la redefinición del concepto de seguridad colectiva. El objetivo principal es entender cómo la seguridad colectiva debería responder dinámicamente a la evolución del concepto de seguridad, bajo la premisa que una noción de seguridad dada, debería necesariamente reflejar el método de trabajo y la disposición de los organismos principales de las Naciones Unidas; sin embargo, en la realidad no siempre se verifica este proceso, tal como se verá al final de esta disertación. El presente artículo aborda el concepto de seguridad colectiva en el marco de la ONU mediante la redefinición del papel de la Asamblea General, el Consejo de Seguridad y el ECOSOC. Dicho artículo emerge de uno de los capítulos de la tesis de Maestría de la autora en el programa de Análisis de problemas políticos, económicos e internacionales contemporáneos del Instituto de Altos Estudios para el Desarrollo  IAED.
Infraestructura vial y movilidad de consumo en el espacio transfronterizo de Mexicali y Valle Imperial
Authors: Mungaray-Moctezuma Alejandro , Calderón Ramírez Julio Alberto
Published: August 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la movilidad de consumo en el espacio transfronterizo de Mexicali–Valle Imperial. El estudio arroja que la población de las secciones de Mexicali más cercanas a los puertos fronterizos genera mayor cantidad de dinámicas de consumo con sitios localizados en Valle Imperial. Mientras que, las secciones del Valle Imperial que están más alejadas de la frontera concentran fuertes cantidades de sitios de destino para esos viajes transfronterizos. Se concluye que una infraestructura vial más integrada y de mayor calidad permite que los nuevos centros de consumo de Valle Imperial se ubiquen más alejados de la línea fronteriza y que la población de Mexicali con visa pueda cruzar indistintamente por cualquiera de las dos garitas, para realizar recorridos más largos hacia dichos centros.
Integrated Genomic Analysis Revealed Associated Genes for Alzheimer’s Disease in APOE4 Non-Carriers
Authors: Jiang Shan , Zhang Chun-Yun , Tang Ling , Zhao Lan-Xue , Chen Hong-Zhuan , Qiu Yu
Published: August 2019

Background:

APOE4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). LOAD patients carrying or not carrying APOE4 manifest distinct clinico-pathological characteristics. APOE4 has been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD by affecting various aspects of pathological processes. However, the pathogenesis involved in LOAD not-carrying APOE4 remains elusive.

Objective:

We aimed to identify the associated genes involved in LOAD not-carrying APOE4.

Methods:

An integrated genomic analysis of datasets of genome-wide association study, genome-wide expression profiling and genome-wide linkage scan and protein–protein interaction network construction were applied to identify associated gene clusters in APOE4 non-carriers. The role of one of hub gene of an APOE4 non-carrier-associated gene cluster in tau phosphorylation was studied by knockdown and western blot.

Results:

We identified 12 gene clusters associated with AD APOE4 non-carriers. The hub genes associated with AD in these clusters were MAPK8, POU2F1, XRCC1, PRKCG, EXOC6, VAMP4, SIRT1, MME, NOS1, ABCA1 and LDLR. The associated genes for APOE4 non-carriers were enriched in hereditary disorder, neurological disease and psychological disorders. Moreover, knockdown of PRKCG to reduce the expression of protein kinase Cγ isoform enhanced tau phosphorylation at Thr181 and Thr231 and the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in the presence of APOE3 but not APOE4.

Conclusion:

The study provides new insight into the mechanism of distinct pathogenesis of LOAD not carrying APOE4 and prompts the functional exploration of identified genes based on APOE genotypes.
New Insights Towards 1,4-Benzodiazepines from Curcumin. Design, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Hamed Othman , Fares Oswa , Taleeb Shaima , Adwan Ghaleb , Saadeh Haythem , Jodeh Shehdeh , Algarra Manuel
Published: August 2019

Background:

Curcumin is a safe, versatile natural product with unlimited number of
biological activities and a precursor for various heterocyclic compounds.

Objective:

The present study was aimed to the development of a curcumin based antimicrobial
reagent with high potency against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Methods:

Herein we report a simple and convenient one step method for synthesizing a series of
1,4-benzodiazepines via condensation cyclization reaction between curcumin and various 1,2-
phenylenediamine in refluxed ethanol.

Results:

A series of new 1,4-benzodiazepins were synthesized and their structures were supported
by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral analysis. Synthesized 1,4-benzodiazepins were
evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against gram positive (S. aureus and S. epidermidis)
and gram negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) bacteria. They exhibited low to high potency
against the tested organisms. In particular, dichlorinated 1,4-benzodiazepine 9 exhibited a remarkable
potency against the gram-positive bacteria S. aureus (MIC: 3.125 μg mL-1, MBC: 12 μg mL-1).
It showed a higher potency than most of the tested reference drugs. Compound 9 showed the medium
activity against E. coli. Genotoxic study revealed that, benzodiazepines 9 attacked the DNA of E.
coli strains and damaged it. The potency of compound 9, could be attributed to the multiple chlorine
atoms present on the aromatic ring.

Conclusion:

Some of the synthesized curcumin based benzodiazepines showed excellent potency
against gram positive bacteria. These benzodiazepines could be a great candidate as a future antimicrobial
agent.
PENGEMBANGAN NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI PEMBIASAAN DAN KETELADANAN
Authors: Cahyaningrum Eka Sapti , Sudaryanti Sudaryanti , Purwanto Nurtanio Agus
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bentuk internalisasi nilai-nilai  pendidikan karakter anak usia dini melalui pembiasaan dan keteladanan. Pendidikan karakter bagi  anak usia dini  dimaksudkan  untuk menanamkan  nilai-nilai kebaikan  sebagai dasar untuk pengembangan pribadi selanjutnya. Pendidikan karakter bagi anak usia dini adalah membentuk mental dan karakter bangsa di masa yang akan datang. Rendahnya kesadaran dan kompetensi tenaga pengajar anak usia dini terhadap pendidikan karakter menjadi permasalahan yang harus diselesaikan dalam kaitannya membentuk karakter bangsa di masa depan. Implementasi Pendidikan karakter pada anak usia dini khususnya taman kanak-kanak dimulai dengan penyusunan silabus/ RPPH yang mencakup implementasi pendidikan karakter terhadap anak usia dini. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi implementasi nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter, dengan menggunakan siklus tahapan R&D dari Borg dan Gall. Model akan diuji secara teoritik maupun secara empirik di lapangan melalui penelitian pendahuluan, pendalaman penanaman nilai-nilai  pendidikan karakter dan implementasinya   melalui  keteladanan dan pembiasaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses implementasi pendidikan karakter di lembaga PAUD se-Kecamatan Ngemplak dapat dilihat dari penekanan 4 karakter dalam proses pembelajaran. Empat karakter dalam pendidikan karakter meliputi karakter: religius, jujur, toleransi, dan disiplin. Setiap indikator pendidikan karakter ditunjukkan dengan strategi maupun metode pembelajaran yang mencerminkan nilai nilai setiap karakter. Metode pembelajaran yang dimaksud dapat berupa wujud penugasan maupun praktik pembelajaran serta pembiasaan  sehingga nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dapat terimplementasikan. Kata kunci : Karakter, Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
TEKNIK BORDIR SASAK
Authors: Budiastuti Emy
Published: August 2019

Membordir merupakan salah satu teknik menghias kain yang dikerjakan  menggunakan mesin jahit atau mesin bordir. Namun seiring dengan perkembangan jaman, teknik membordir dapat menggunakan komputer. Menurut Heri Suhersono (2004:7), bordir sebagai salah satu kerajinan ragam hias (untuk aksesoris berbagai busana) yang menitik beratkan pada keindahan dan komposisi warna benang pada medium berbagai kain dengan alat bantu seperangkat mesin jahit (mesin jahit bordir) atau mesin jahit bordir komputer. Menurut Goet Poespa (2005:7) bordir adalah suatu elemen untuk mengubah penampilan kain dengan aneka setik bordir, baik yang dibuat dengan menggunakan tangan atau mesin. Jika setik ragam hias dibuat dengan menggunakan tangan, maka keterampilan itu disebut “sulam”. Sedangkan bila dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesin maka disebut “bordir”.
TERAPI DEPRESI DENGAN GAMELAN JAWA
Authors: Jatirahayu Warih
Published: August 2019

Menurut organisasi kesehatan dunia (WHO: world health organization) setiap tahun kian bertambah orang-orang yang mengalami depresi. Ada berbagai faktor penyebab depresi antara lain arus modernisasi dan globalisasi yang sulit terbendung, kompleksnya kebutuhan hidup, makin bertambahnya usia harapan hidup, perubahan sosial kultural yang semakin cepat, kenaikan kualitas dan kuantitas penyakit menahun dan penyakit tidak menular, penyalahgunaan zat dan obat adiktif, seperti alkohol, obat tidur dan penenang, perubahan gaya hidup, perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang begitu cepat.
Merancang Laboraturium Tata Boga
Authors: Kinta Chomzana
Published: August 2019

Labor at or i um mer upakan t empat yang pent i ng demi keberlangsungan pembelajaran di sekolah, terutama berkaitan dengan materi yang membutuhkan pendekatan inkuiri. Saat ini keberadaan laboratorium ini menjadi topik utama terutama dikalangan guru SMK. Laboratorium adalah salah satu sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran yang penting di SMK. Laboratorium pada SMK dengan Program Studi Keahlian Tata Boga, merupakan ruang praktik yang berfungsi sebagai tempat berlangsungnya kegiatan pembelajaran: pembuatan berbagai macam makanan, penyiapan tata hidang, penataan, penyajian pesanan, maupun produksi makanan dalam jumlah besar dan masal. Berkaitan dengan fungsinya, maka ragam laboratorium atau ruang praktik Tata Boga dapat meliputi : ruang praktik dapur latih, ruang praktik dapur produksi, ruang praktik persiapan, ruang praktik mini bar, ruang praktik tata hidang, ruang penyimpanan(gudang) dan ruang instruktur (Permen No.40 tahun 2008 : 144).
EDITORIAL
Authors: REZA GARCÍA LÁZARO
Published: August 2019

El programa de acuicultura es el único programa académico de pregrado queen la Universidad de Córdoba ha surgido de los procesos de investigación quesobre piscicultura nativa se comenzaron desde la década de los años 70.
Suplementación parenteral de cobre en vacas gestantes: efecto sobre postparto y terneros
Authors: García D Juan , Cuesta M Mario , Pedroso S Rodolfo , Rodríguez M Janhad , Gutiérrez P Marisol , Mollineda T Ángel , Figueredo R José , Quiñones R Reinaldo
Published: August 2019

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del cobre en vacas gestantes sobre el comportamiento reproductivo posparto y la salud del ternero. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 80 vacas divididas en dos grupos de 40 animales cada uno. El grupo A fue tratado con 2 ml de CuSO4 (2.5%) subcutáneamente. El tratamiento se inició a los 8 meses de gestación, y se repitió a los 30 y 90 días post parto. El grupo B, se uso como control. A las vacas se les analizó el perfil hematoquímico, intervalo parto primer servicio (IPPS), intervalo parto concepción (IPC), intervalo parto-parto (IPP), índice de natalidad (IN), índice de inseminación (II) y la eficiencia en la detección de la hembra en estro (EDHE) y a los terneros los parámetros hematoquímicos. Los datos se procesaron mediante Statgraphics Plus 5.0, para las diferencias entre medias de los datos hemoquímicos y reproductivos se aplicó (ANOVA) y comparaciones de proporciones IN y EDHE. Se empleó la correlación y regresión simple para demostrar la relación del cobre con las demás parámetros estudiados. Resultados. La administración subcutánea de cobre incrementó los niveles de dicho elemento en sangre, hierro y hemoglobina (p< 0.001); así como la disminución del IPPS, IPC, IPP, IN, EDHE, e II (p< 0.05). En los terneros se aumentó la cupremia (p< 0.001), la hemoglobina (p< 0.01) y las proteínas totales (p< 0.05). Conclusiones. El tratamiento aplicado incrementó los indicadores hematoquímicos y reproductivos en los animales tratados.
Frecuencia de Listeria spp., en quesos colombianos costeños
Authors: Gallegos Janneth Gallegos , Arrieta Germán , Máttar Salim , Poutou Raúl , Trespalacios Alba , Carrascal Ana
Published: August 2019

Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de Listeria spp., en quesos frescos costeños, distribuidos en plazas de mercado populares de las ciudades de Montería y Cereté. Materiales y métodos. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia económica de esta zona ganadera para Colombia se tomaron 217 muestras entre Junio y Agosto de 2005, los aislamientos obtenidos fueron identificados por pruebas bioquímicas presuntivas, PCR-Múltiple (L1-U1/LF-LR) y pruebas bioquímicas para confirmación de especie. Adicionalmente, se determinó la frecuencia de las especies del género y se caracterizó la resistencia antimicrobiana de las cepas de mayor frecuencia. Resultados. Las pruebas bioquímicas y la PCR detectaron 49 aislamientos positivos para Listeria (22.58%), de los cuales 16.33% (8/49) correspondieron a Montería y 24.40% (41/168) a Cereté. La frecuencia por especies fue 14.75% para L. ivanovii, 2.30% para L. innocua, 1.84% para L. welshimeri y 1.38% para L. seeligeri, no se detectó L. monocytogenes. Sólo 3/32 cepas de L. ivanovvi (9.38%) mostraron resistencia a penicilina, estreptomicina y eritromicina respectivamente. Conclusiones. Los resultados confirman que los quesos costeños están frecuentemente contaminados con Listeria spp. La presencia de L. ivanovii patógeno involucrado en algunos casos de infecciones oportunistas en humanos y L. innocua; microorganismo utilizado en muchas industrias de alimento como indicador del grado o calidad de sanitización; demuestra que las condiciones de producción y expendio no son adecuadas y que el consumo de queso costeño no es seguro. La resistencia antimicrobiana aunque baja muestra posibilidades para la transmisión horizontal y/o vertical de los genes de resistencia.
Efecto del co-cultivo sobre el desarrollo temprano de embiones bovinos producidos in vitro
Authors: López C Angela , Olivera A Martha , Ruiz C Tatiana , Tarazona M Ariel
Published: August 2019

Objetivo. Estudiar el efecto del cocultivo con células oviductales sobre el porcentaje de clivaje 48 horas post inseminación (hpi) de embriones bovinos en bajas tensiones de oxígeno. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron ovarios de matadero para la extracción de los ovocitos que fueron puestos en medio TCM 199 suplementado con hormonas, se fertilizaron con semen criópreservado y se cocultivaron en medio CR1aa con células de oviducto durante 48 horas. Se evaluó el porcentaje de clivaje total y el porcentaje de clivaje por estadios de 2-4 células y 5-8 células. La viabilidad de las células para el cocultivo se determinó por observación del movimiento ciliar y observación de monocapa. Los tratamientos fueron T1: células de oviducto + oxígeno 20%; T2: células de oviducto + oxígeno 7%; T3 y T4 fueron controles sin células para ambas concentraciones de oxígeno. Resultados. En cuanto al porcentaje de clivaje no hubo diferencia significativa entre los cuatro tratamientos, pero hubo una tendencia a mayor clivaje para los embriones cocultivados con células y 20% oxígeno. Conclusiones. La utilización de altas tasas de oxígeno (20%) en los sistemas de cococultivo con células oviductales tienden a mejorar los porcentajes de clivaje a las 48 hpi.
Prevalencia y abundancia de Contracaecum sp. en rubio Salminus affinis en el río Sinú y San Jorge: descripción morfológica
Authors: Pardo C Sandra , Mejía P Karen , Navarro V Yullis , Atencio G Víctor Atencio G
Published: August 2019

Objetivo. Determinar la presencia de endoparásitos del género Anisakidae en rubio Salminus affinis en el medio natural. Materiales y métodos. Por medio de disección e inspección de las vísceras y la cavidad abdominal fueron analizados 45 ejemplares capturados en los ríos Sinú (n=34) y San Jorge (n=11) (Córdoba, Colombia). Resultados. Larvas terciarias (L3) de nemátodos del género Contracaecum (Nematoda: Anisakidae) fueron halladas en la cavidad visceral de rubio capturados en ambos ríos. La prevalencia de este nemátodo en los dos ríos estudiados fue mayor de 95%. El grado de infestación fue leve en 94.1% de los rubios del río Sinú y el restante 5.9% tuvieron una infestación moderada; mientras que el 100% de los casos del río San Jorge tuvieron un grado de infestación leve. Conclusiones. Los resultados permiten concluir que el rubio de los ríos Sinú y San Jorge se encuentran con un grado de infestación leve del anisákido Contracaecum sp; el cual se encuentra alojado en el tracto digestivo y grasa mesentérica en estado larval terciario (L3).
Cosmopolitanism – an alternative for Global Governance?
Authors: Wallaschek Stefan
Published: August 2019

In the last decades Global Governance was one of the most used and contested terms in International Relations. Many researchers have shown that the concept is overstretched and they call for alternatives. Can Cosmopolitanism as a “new” international political theory be an alternative? I will propose a new theoretical model which can be used to analyze cosmopolitanism empirically. Drawing on both normative and empirical research on cosmopolitanism I demonstrate the necessary combination of both. I formulate a two-axes-model which is based on norms and conflicts. Such a theoretically based and empirically applicable model can be used to analyze different (claims of) actors in relation to a (cosmopolitan) position. In addition the model gives researchers the opportunity to scrutinize the relevance of international norms on different levels and thus offers a possible visualization of the interconnection between global arrangements and local activities. Therefore the model presents an alternative to Global Governance.