bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of modified atmosphere packaging conditions on quality preservation of powdered infant formula
Authors: An Duck Soon , Wang Hong Jiang , Jaisan Chalalai , Lee Ji Hye , Jo Min Gyeong , Lee Dong Sun
Published: May 2018

The effect of different modified atmospheres (100% N2, 100% CO2, 70% N2/30% CO2, 50% N2/50% CO2, and air) on the quality preservation of powdered infant formula was investigated by a storage test at 30°C. Metal can packages of 400 g per unit were stored for 493 days with periodic measurements of package gas composition and product quality attributes, which included peroxide value (POV), pH, titratable acidity, bifidobacteria count, hydroxymethylfurfural content, surface colour, and solubility. In the air package, POV as an oxidative quality index increased highly along with oxygen concentration decrease, reaching a maximum of 58.7 meq/kg lipid at 350 days. Compared with the air package, POV increase of the product was significantly lower, with all the O2‐excluded modified atmosphere packages showing a maximum of 28.5 to 29.3 meq/kg at 350 days. Packages of high CO2 concentration experienced a pH decrease and an acidity increase of the stored product caused by dissolution of CO2. The count of bifidobacteria in the product was maintained higher after 119 days in the package of 100% CO2 than in the other packages. Hydroxymethylfurfural content showed a slight increase after an initial period of slight decrease, with little difference among the package treatments. There were no significant changes in product solubility and surface colour during storage. Considering that the high CO2 atmosphere helps the survival of bifidobacteria and protects the product from oxidation without negative effects on the other quality attributes, it is suggested for use in packaging of powdered infant formula.
Successful treatment of total paraplegic patient due to tuberculous spondylitis
Authors: Soeroso Noni Novisari , Pradana Andika , Lubis Netty , Soeroso Luhur
Published: May 2018

A 12‐year‐old boy presented with progressive disability to walk for four months, which was so severe that he could no longer perform daily activities. No respiratory symptom was found. On physical examination, there was a soft tissue mass in the thoracic vertebrae. Physiological reflexes of both limbs were diminished. Tuberculin skin test was positive with a 12 mm induration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed a kyphotic cervico‐thoracal region with predominantly anterior paravertebral mass that was enhanced with contrast, compressing the spinal cord at level Th‐3 and Th‐4, suggestive of tuberculous spondylitis. He was treated with regular anti‐tuberculosis drugs. In the first four months, he began being able to sit, and two months later, he could walk again. After 12 months of treatment without surgery, MRI showed no more compression of the spine and remarkable resolution of paravertebral soft tissue mass. He then resumed his daily life again.
Stability analysis of nonholonomic multiagent coordinate‐free formation control subject to communication delays
Authors: González Antonio , Aragüés Rosario , López‐Nicolás Gonzalo , Sagüés Carlos
Published: May 2018

This paper investigates the convergence of nonholonomic multiagent coordinate‐free formation control to a prescribed target formation subject to communication delays by means of Lyapunov‐Krasovskii approach and smooth state‐feedback control laws. As a result, an iterative algorithm based on linear matrix inequalities is provided to obtain the worst‐case point‐to‐point delay under which the multiagent system is guaranteed to be stable. It is worth mentioning that: (i) the given algorithm holds for any connected communication topology and (ii) the formation control is coordinate‐free, that is, a common frame is not required to be shared between agents. The effectiveness of the given method is illustrated through simulation results.
Effect of urbanization on stream hydraulics
Authors: Anim D. O. , Fletcher T. D. , Vietz G. J. , Pasternack G. B. , Burns M. J.
Published: May 2018

Urbanization results in major changes to stream morphology and hydrology with the latter often cited as a primary stressor of urban stream ecosystems. These modifications unequivocally alter stream hydraulics, but little is known about such impacts. Hydraulic changes due to urbanization were demonstrated using two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model simulations, comparing urban and non‐urban stream reaches. We investigated three ecologically relevant hydraulic characteristics: bed mobilization, retentive habitat, and floodplain inundation, using hydraulic metrics bed shear stress, shallow slow‐water habitat (SSWH) area, and floodplain inundation area. We hypothesized that urbanization would substantially increase bed mobilization, decrease retentive habitat, and due to increased channel size would decrease floodplain inundation. Relative percent area of bed disturbance was 4 times higher, compared with that of the non‐urban stream at bankfull discharge. SSWH availability rapidly diminished in the urban stream as discharge increased, with SSWH area and patch size 2 times smaller than the non‐urban stream for a frequently occurring flow 0.7 times bankfull discharge. Floodplain inundation decreased in frequency and duration. These results demonstrate changes in hydraulics due to urbanization that may impact on physical habitat in streams. New “water sensitive” approaches to stormwater management could be enhanced by specification of hydraulic regimes capable of supporting healthy stream habitats. We propose that a complete management approach should include the goals of restoration and protection of natural hydraulic processes, particularly those that support ecological and geomorphic functioning of streams.
Citizen‐centric research for meaningful change
Authors: Meerkamper Eric
Published: May 2018

Measuring the gap between the haves and the have‐nots
Researching a Smart and Complex Generation
Authors: Omiyale Wale
Published: May 2018

How to reach and engage with Gen Z to understand what they really think
P‐2: The Improved Photosensitivity of Amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O TFTs with Gap‐type Structure
Authors: Chan Po-Chun , Tai Ya-Hsiang , Liu Han-Wen
Published: June 2018

The photosensitivity of gap‐gate type amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) under visible light has been studied. With the very same process, the gap‐type TFTs can be made into sensing array with the conventional ones. As a sensing device, the high ratio of photo and dark current and the steady leakage current provide the better signal to noise.
P‐4: Reliability Analysis and Improvement of Self‐aligned Coplanar a‐IGZO TFTs for OLED Display
Authors: Song Zhen , Wang Guoying , Xie Dini , Chen Jiangbo , Gu Pengfei , Zhang JianYe , Sun Hongda , Song Young Suk , Yan Liangchen , Wu Zhongyuan
Published: June 2018

A TG‐SA a‐IGZO TFT technology is demonstrated with a good VTH uniformity in the whole 14” OLED panel and a high reliability of +0.03V and −0.52V under PBTS and NBTIS, respectively. Mechanisms for device instability and the relative relationship between PBTS and NBTIS have been systematically analyzed. Finally, the prototype 14″ FHD OLED display with an excellent brightness uniformity using TG‐SA a‐IGZO TFTs backplane have been made successfully. Besides, the high reliability of devices have been confirmed through a longtime RA test without no obvious defects generated, which indicates excellent mass‐production prospect.
P‐5: The Effect of Light‐shield Metal Layer on the IV Performance of the P‐type LTPS TFT
Authors: Zhao Meng , Zhang Hao , Sun Yanliu , Wang Lei , Liu Zheng , Liu Libin , Kao Shanchen
Published: June 2018

To integrate the function of finger‐print recognition within the OLED display panel, a light‐shield (LS) metal layer is incorporated underneath the buffer layer to form fingerprint image on the sensor based on the principle of puncture‐forming picture. Since the LS metal layer is underneath the LTPS TFT, it has some impact on the IV performance of the p‐type LTPS TFT. It has been shown that the floating LS layer causes the kink effect on the output characteristics curves of the p‐type TFT. Upon putting bias on the LS layer, the threshold voltage (Vth) shifting has been observed as well as the eliminating of the kink effect caused by the floating LS layer. The Vth shifting effect may be explained by the substrate bias effect. The biased LS layer may increase the uniformity of the threshold voltage throughout the whole panel, gives better image quality.
82‐4: Effects of the Anchoring Polymer Layer (APL) Materials on Conductive Particle Movements for Ultra‐Fine Pitch Chip‐on‐Glass (COG) Interconnection
Authors: Yoon Dal-Jin , Paik Kyung-Wook
Published: June 2018

In this study, APL has been introduced into the ACFs system. Then, the effects of APL ACFs properties on the conductive particle movement and interconnection stability of ultra‐fine pitch COG applications were investigated. The APL structure can not only significantly suppress the conductive particles movement for ultra‐fine pitch COG applications but also prevent electrical short circuit formation between electrodes. After ACFs bonding process, the percentage of captured conductive particles of the conventional ACFs was 33%, however, that of PAN APL ACFs showed 95%. In addition, the APL ACFs showed excellent electrical properties such as stable contact resistance without any open or short circuits.
P‐16: The impact of Deposition Rate and Hydrophobicity of Passivation Layer on The Stability of Back‐Channel‐Etch Amorphous InGaZnO Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Li GongTan , Wu Wei , Ge ShiMin , Li Shan
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we have found that SiOx passivation layer with high deposition rate can alleviate the plasma damage at IGZO back‐surface and improve PBTS stability. Furthermore, the Vth shift under NBTS stability can be suppressed by using a more hydrophobic SiNx film with more Si‐H bonds.
79‐5: Late-News Paper: Ultra‐thin Variable Transmission Smart Window by One‐step Patterned Photoalignment
Authors: Pan Su , Meng Cuiling , Tseng Man Chun , Tang Shu Tuen , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: June 2018

Smart windows are attractive because of their numerous advantages such as elegance in construction design and energy conservation. Smart windows with variable transmission are especially desirable for obvious reasons. The simplest way to make a variable transmission smart window is to use two patterned polarizers, and control the transmission by changing the relative position of the two polarizers. We have demonstrated a high‐dichroic‐ratio polarizer by photoalignment and proposed a simple one‐step photo‐copy method to realize a continuous axis varying polarizer. The patterned polarizer shows high optical performance, and its thickness is as thin as 100 nm, which is favorable in practical window applications.
P‐30: Surface Treatment on High Resolution Display with no Visual Sparkle and Excellent Optical Property
Authors: Yang Yong , Zhang Yunhong , Cui Hongqing , Yang Yingbao
Published: June 2018

Surface treatment LCD over 400 ppi was developed with no visual sparkle and excellent optical property, which is suitable for readers to use smart phone in high ambient environment. The contrast ratio in office condition of anti‐glare and anti‐reflection treated LCD was over 10 times higher than non‐treated LCD.
P‐34: Transformation from SDR Image Signal to HDR Image Signal by Novel Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Chengqi , Guo Jun , Zhang Xiaomang , Wang Xinqiu , Yang Yan , Chu Yifang , Chen Ming , Wang Guangquan , Wang Jieqiong , Shi Tiankuo , Shi Lingyun , Dong Xue
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we present a new method based on the Retinex algorithm to achieve the transformation of SDR image signal to HDR image signal. A novel tone mapping method is used in this algorithm, through which the image color distortion can be solved, the contrast and lightness can be improved and the effect of SDR image can be promoted as HDR image
P‐36: Improvement of the Corner Light‐leaking in Curved Display by the Method of Internal Stress Dissipation
Authors: Xu Chuanzhi , Wang Jiandong , Xie Zhengfang , Dai Wenjun , Tian Fan , Wang Meilin , Li Xiongping
Published: June 2018

A novel method utilized the different CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) of up and down polarizer to improve the corner light‐leaking was introduced in this paper. The obstinate problem of uneven stress in curved display can be effectively mitigated by internal dissipation.
P‐43: Implementation of Digital Thin‐Film Transistor Integrated Ambient Light Sensor with High Reliability
Authors: Liao Congwei , Wang Ying , Ma Yihua , Han Baixiang , Xue Yan , Zhang Liuqi , Cai Yuying , Liu Xiaodi , Cao Kun , Zhang Min , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2018

A reliable digital thin‐film transistors (TFTs) integrated ambient light sensor is proposed. The circuit structure is simple, as only 6 TFTs and 2 capacitors are required. The intensity of ambient light is presented by the number of voltage pulses at the output terminal of the light sensor. The operating principal of the sensor are detailed, and SPICE simulations are performed to explore the relationship between the number of output pulses and the light‐induced leakage current. The feasibility of the circuit is further proved by measurements of fabricated circuit samples with the standard a‐Si:H TFTs process.
P‐45: A Multi‐Phase, High‐Current‐Drivability Charge Pump in Display Driver ICs
Authors: Lin Hesheng , Ding Dedong , Liu Binjie , Zhang Dewei , Wen Jinyuan , Zhang Min
Published: June 2018

In this work, a multi‐phase charge pump topology is proposed to drive the display driver integrated circuits. To achieve high integration and power efficiency simultaneously, a converter with full‐coverage voltage conversion ratios ranging from 1 to 2n is realized while the count of off‐chip capacitors is halved. At the same time, the charging period for each clock phase is designed to be equal and it allows a higher operation frequency of 2n/(n+1) times while the capacitor can still be fully charged. Based on 0.25 µm process, a three‐stage topology has been performed. It has improved the current drivability by 40%–150%. This design is quite suitable for display panels with higher resolution requirements.
P‐46: Gate Driver Circuit with AC Driven Pull‐down TFT for Depletion Mode a‐IGZO TFTs
Authors: Kim Jin-Ho , Oh Jongsu , Park KeeChan , Jeon Jae-Hong , Kim Yong-Sang
Published: June 2018

This paper proposes a new gate driver using depletion mode a‐IGZO thin film transistors (TFTs). We propose the gate driver structure with an AC driven pull‐down TFT in order to gain high stability, to decrease the threshold voltage (Vth) shift of the pull‐down TFT, and a gate driver without a DC leakage current path in order to gain low‐power consumption. The proposed gate driver is designed with a capacitor coupling driving circuit for an AC driven pull‐down TFT that is based on the circuit design concept of the improved negative Vth limit for circuit operation and low‐power using the depletion mode a‐IGZO TFT, as presented in our reported paper. The proposed gate driver circuit with the AC driven pull‐down TFT maintain the almost same normalized value at ‐1~3V of Vth range when compared to the results of circuit with the DC driven pull‐down TFT in the published paper by our group. However, the proposed circuit has the lower normalized value at ‐5~‐3V of Vth range when compared to the result of circuit in our reported paper. The proposed circuit can maintain the power consumption within 3.65 times of the normal value if ‐5V of the Vth of the a‐IGZO TFTs.
P‐52: Low Power Method for SPR Pixel Structure Using 2‐Line Interlace Driving
Authors: Kim Hak-Su , Kim Tae-Hwan , Jeon Eun-Seok , Song In-Hyuk , Park Cheol-Woo , Kim Byeong-Koo
Published: June 2018

In SPR structure panel, GIP circuit which is different from normal RGB should be applied, and GIP circuit should be designed by referring to the concept applied in the algorithm. In SPR applying 2x2 pixel algorithm, interlace driving can be applied by changing the design so that GIP driving is driven in 2 line units, which can save power by 20% or more.
P‐56: Electrical Solutions for Ultra High Definition Display with Triple Gate Arrangement
Authors: Hao Si-Kun , Bian Feng-ling , Wang Qi , Gao Xiang , Yang Chih-ming , Chiu Chung-Yi , Lee Chia-Yu
Published: June 2018

In this work we propose electrical solutions for ultra high definition (UD) liquid crystal display with triple gate arrangement. Array process, TFT size, driving compensation and de‐mura are used for improving the electrical performance. With these solutions, we manufactured 55″ UD display with triple gate arrangement.
P‐57: A Local Histogram Framework for Contrast Enhancement
Authors: Zhou Xue-Bing , Wen Yi-Chien , Jin Yu-Feng , Syu Shen-Sian , Jou Ming-Jong
Published: June 2018

This paper proposes an implementation framework based on local contrast enhancement (LCE). The framework, implemented on Xilinx Kintex‐7 FPGA platform, is lighted on the 55″ Ultra‐High Definition (UHD) LCD panel and shows the result of image contrast enhancement. In accordance with the hardware design concept, the implementation framework adopts the module partition, hardware parallel processing structure and pipeline processing architecture. The hardware implementation fully achieves the real‐time requirements.
P‐59: Improving TFT Structure Uniformity in G8.5 LCDs
Authors: Liu Xiao Di , Sun Liang , Lin Hsi Chien , Chou Yi Fang , Chen Shu-jhih , Li Wen Ying , Zeng Li Mei , Wang Tian Hong , Xu Hong Yuan , Lee Chia Yu , Yi Chiu Chung
Published: June 2018

Methods for lessening the AS tail and N+ tail were systematically investigated in G8.5 glass for LCD product development including novel structure designs and matched 4‐Mask process. While matched 4‐Mask process had success in tails reducing, Ion keeping, stability improving and Ioff decreasing at higher negative voltage by optimized O2 ashing process, further efforts were still indispensable. Novel mask structure designs were provided using photoresist thickness modulation method for 4‐Mask process architecture to ulteriorly reduce the tails. Less amorphous silicon tail (AS tail) and heavy doped amorphous silicon tail (N+ tail) were attained in both inner and outline frame beside the second metal solely by structure design, which limited the scope of N+ tail within 0.5 um and AS tail about 1.2um, respectively. What’s more, the N+ tail could be further decreased by cooperating with the matched 4‐Mask process using the optimized recipe.
P‐71: On the Origin and Significance of Melting Dimensionality in ELA of Si films
Authors: Pan Wenkai , Wong Vernon , Yu Miao , Song Ruobing , Choi Insung , Im James S.
Published: June 2018

Our recent investigations have revealed that substantially 2D melting transpires during the ELA process. In this paper, we first present the experimental finding that shows how this behavior at least stems intrinsically from the presence in the material of melt‐prone grain boundaries and superheating‐permitting Si‐oxide interface. We also point out, and substantiate with numerical simulation results, that the manifested dimensionality of melting can figure in affecting (1) the energy utilization efficiency of the ELA method, as well as (2) the microstructural uniformity of the resulting polycrystalline materials.
78‐2: A Matrix‐Based Method of Color Correction for Metamerism Failure between LCD and OLED
Authors: Fang Jingyu , Kim Youn Jin
Published: June 2018

Metamerism failure between LCD and OLED arises due to their very different spectral power distributions. In order to visually match the colors in LCD, a matrix‐based method of color correction was derived to predict the chromaticity offsets in OLED, followed by a psychophysical match experiment to verify the feasibility.
P‐72: Development of 4‐Sides Bezel‐less Display with the Low Reflection Material
Authors: Wang Shuo-Hong , Lin Chun-Nan
Published: June 2018

Mo‐alloy oxide is selected as the new reflection material to reduce the higher reflection of gate metal lines. In fact, it is beneficial for the reflection reduction to be achieved 6 – 7% when the TFT‐side up. The patterning capability of Mo‐alloy oxide is expected due to its superior etching performance.
72‐4: Head Movement‐based Motion Blur Measurement System for Head Mounted Displays
Authors: Kang Keon-Woo , Seo Min-Woo , Lee Sang-Lyn , Lee Ho-Chul , Oh Eui-Yeol , Baek Jong-Sang , Kang Suk-Ju
Published: June 2018

This paper proposes head movement‐based motion blur measurement system for head mounted displays (HMDs). The proposed system simulates the head movement to consider the physical rotation applied to HMDs. Motion blur is quantitatively measured by calculating the moving picture response time (MPRT) from images taken with a high‐speed camera.
69‐2: Overcoming an Abnormal Horizontal Dim Lines of an In‐cell Touch Display
Authors: Xue Wei , Tao Jian , Lv Lei , Dong Zhifu , Feng Silin , Wang Dong , Li Hongmin , Shao Xianjie , Chen Junsheng , Lee Seungkyu
Published: June 2018

We have conducted extensive investigations on abnormal horizontal line of touchscreen. Without changing a‐Si gate driving circuit, we obtained a novel method that could handle this problem. The capacitance of gate driving circuit is discharging during the touch period, in that case abnormal output of gate is produced which makes the horizontal dim line happened. In this paper, we have succeeded in modulating the timing of our gate driver circuit during touch period to address the abnormal horizontal dim lines.
75‐3: UV‐curable Thin‐film Packaging for OLED‐based Microdisplays
Authors: Provost Marion , Suhm Aurélien , Gaud Vincent , Raulin Katarzyna , Mandrillon Vincent , Maindron Tony
Published: June 2018

A thin‐film Hard‐Coat (HC) layer was investigated for the collective encapsulation and mechanical protection of top‐emission OLED micro displays on wafer‐scale and as an alternative solution to individual glass‐lid protection. The HC is fabricated by UV‐curing process from a silica‐based hybrid polymer synthetized by sol‐gel process.
70‐1: “Unphotogenic Light”: Evaluation and Detail of the High‐Speed Projection Method to Prevent Secret Photography with Small Cameras
Authors: Suzuki Ippei , Ando Shinnosuke , Ochiai Yoichi
Published: June 2018

Secret recordings using smartphones have become a serious problem for content providers. We present a new method to protect projected images and other information (i.e., “recordable content”) from secret photography by using high‐speed projection. Our purpose in this study is to develop and implement a projection method that allows people to observe photographable objects, people, and events while preventing the same from being recorded by cameras and other recordable devices. To achieve this goal, we focus on the difference between human and camera vision systems. Unlike cameras, human beings cannot recognize the high‐speed changes of light. We divide an image into two or more parts and project them in succession at a high frame rate such that a full image is made visible to human eyes. By contrast, cameras can only capture an incomplete frame.
68‐3: Study on Relation between Fluorescent Dye Combination and Process Temperature as Photoresist
Authors: Lee Seungbeom , Kim Sooin , Kim Wonrae , Kim Younghoon , Kwak Musun , Lee Jounho , Jun Mike , Kang Inbyeong
Published: June 2018

Suggested additional layer of fluorescent dye combination and proper process temperature condition as photoresist (PR) optimize the display between white organic light emitting diode (WOLED) and color filter (CF). As a result, this application have an effective way to increase color coverage and shows that the PL intensity area at the post‐bake condition below 200℃ is 13% higher than above 200℃.
67‐4: Distinguished Paper and Late News-Paper: 5.8‐inch QHD Flexible AMOLED Display with Enhanced Bendability of LTPS TFTs
Authors: Lee Jaeseob , Nguyen Thanh Tien , Bae Joonwoo , Jo Gyoochul , Lee Yongsu , Yang Sunghoon , Chu Hyeyong , Kwag Jinoh
Published: June 2018

By applying the curve‐type TFT with longitudinal strain, TFT parameters do change little down to the 2R bending. The mobility variation range reduces down to 4% compared with 28% of the line‐type channel with transverse strain. The smaller variation is preferred for a high quality display. We clarified that majority carrier's effective mass and scattering rate are dominant factors influencing the bended TFT's performance, which can be controlled by the strain orientation and channel shape. These understanding and improvement was embedded in the 5.8" flexible QHD AMOLED panel with multi edge curvature of Galaxy S8. Through this achievement, we made our flexible premium AMOLED panels more performable, reliable and highly productive in small R bending circumstance.
65‐4: Invited Paper: Ergonomic Approaches to Stereoscopic and 360° Images
Authors: Kawai Takashi
Published: June 2018

The present paper describes ergonomic approaches to stereoscopic and 360° images, which are mainly presented in virtual reality (VR).

Experimental studies using fixation measurements showed that characteristics of stereoscopic and 360° images. These approaches can be utilized for evaluation and design of VR content.
P‐100: Ultra‐Large Field‐of‐View Retinal Projection Display with Vision Correction
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Wu Yuhang , Mi Lantian , Chen Chao Ping , Zhong Lin , Yu Bing , Li Yang , Nizamuddin Maitlo
Published: June 2018

We propose a retinal projection display that is able to merge with vision correction. Our solution is highlighted by a corrective lens coated with an array of tiled organic light‐emitting diodes and a transmissive spatial light modulator. Its design rules are set forth in detail, followed by results and discussion.
P‐104: Application of Photonic Crystals in Display
Authors: Hu Weipin , Wu Jun , Qu Lianjie , Wang Dan , Qiu Yun , Sun Xiao , Bu Qianqian , Jiang Mingxiao , Wei Congcong , Wang Chun , Zhang Qiang
Published: June 2018

Photonic crystals are optical structures with wavelength‐scale periodic variations of dielectric constant. We study the application of 1D and 2D photonic crystals in the field of display. Mainly focuses on the application of band gap characteristics and defect characteristics of photonic crystals.
P‐117: Sol‐Gel Derived and Thermally Cured Siloxane Encapsulated Quantum Dot Hybrid Material with Excellent Stabilities
Authors: Jang Junho , Kim Hwea Yoon , Lee Hyunhwan , Bae Byeong-Soo
Published: June 2018

We report thermally cured siloxane encapsulated quantum‐dot (QD) hybrid composite (thermal SE‐QD). The thermal SE‐QD shows superior thermal stability under harsh environment, which are 120 °C / 5 % relative humidity (RH) and 85 °C / 85 % RH, compared to previous out SE‐QD.
P‐137: A Highly Sensitive Resistive Pressure Sensor with MWCNT Nanoparticles‐Liquid Crystal‐PDMS Composite
Authors: Yang YiCheng , Liu ShiYu , Pan Jin , Lu JianGang
Published: June 2018

A highly sensitive flexible resistive pressure sensor was demonstrated with a composite film comprising of low‐polarity liquid crystal, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, and PDMS elastomer. LC droplets embedded in PDMS elastomer reduces the Young's modulus of the active layer. Optimizing, the sensor offers potential for wearable devices and electronic skins.
60‐4: Mechanically Robust High‐Performance Flexible Oxide TFTs with Imbedded Buried CNT Electrode for Bendable Displays
Authors: Billah Mohammad Masum , Park Min Sang , Saha Jewel Kumer , Hasan Md Mehedi , Han Ji-Ung , Hwang Mangyu , Jang Jin
Published: June 2018

We demonstrate highly robust flexible a‐IGZO thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with imbedded carbon nano‐tube (CNT) buried electrode (BE) in between polyimide (PI) substrate. The excellent mechanical durability of flexible TFTs on thin wrinkle‐free and the self‐standing PI substrate with imbedded CNT BE has been demonstrated. The strain on the TFT can be reduced by the imbedded CNT electrode which is calculated from the 3D‐TCAD simulation.
56‐1: Invited Paper: Volumetric Displays using Holographic Laser Drawing
Authors: Hayasaki Yoshio , Kumagai Kota
Published: June 2018

We review our recent developments of volumetric display systems using holographic laser drawing technique achieved by a computer‐generated hologram displayed on a spatial light modulator. Three types of volumetric display systems using different screen media including multilayered fluorescent screen, air, and glycerin are demonstrated.
56‐2: Seamless Scalable Large Format Display
Authors: Hajjar Roger A.
Published: June 2018

Laser Phosphor Display (LPD) technology was introduced for commercial venues in 2011. The market requirement was for extremely large “megawalls” that are measured in feet vs. inches. In order to accomplish this requirement, tiled LPD, where the screen and light engine combined into a single tile, was conceived and developed in order to facilitate transportation and assembly of such “megawalls” into any venue. Though considered best in class in terms of bezel‐less screens, the tiles left a very small but perceptible gap after assembly, revealing the “seams” between the tiles. Recently, LPD technology achieved a breakthrough in screen panel making that eliminates the need to “tile” the screen component. Instead, the panel is one monolithic flexible, rollable, and detachable surface, allowing it to be transported and moved into any venue separate from the light engines. It is the first configurable, rollable large size (measured in feet) self‐emissive display technology that is not based on screen tiles. It also facilitates up close front viewing as well as user‐touch interactivity. This new screen technology maintained all the key benefits of LPD in terms high quality, real‐time video with low power consumption, long life and low cost manufacturing. In this paper, we will describe this new LPD screen technology, and its complementary light engine technology and their attributes in detail.
58‐2: Invited Paper: High‐Performance Displays for Wearable and HUD Applications
Authors: Abeeluck Akheelesh K. , Iverson Andrew , Goetz Howard , Passon Edmund
Published: June 2018

Augmented/mixed reality is anticipated to become the next computing platform, and its real‐time requirements demand the development of a new display subsystem architecture. We have created a scalable, fully digital platform, with an ultra‐small and efficient pixel that provides low diffraction loss and high contrast. Our platform enables the choice of either amplitude/polarization or phase/holographic modulation in a wearable form factor, up to 4K resolution. Our new software‐definable drive architecture is optimized for real‐time augmented/mixed reality and head‐up display applications, where high frame rates, low latency and short persistence are critical.
P‐141: Sub‐millisecond Switching of Vertically‐Aligned Liquid Crystals Aided by Two‐Dimensional Confinement with Virtual Walls
Authors: Choi Tae-Hoon , Jeon Byoung-Gyu , Woo Jae-Hyeon , Yoon Tae-Hoon
Published: June 2018

We report approaches for sub‐millisecond switching of vertically‐aligned nematic liquid crystals (LCs). When an in‐plane field is applied to a vertical alignment (VA) cell, virtual walls are built at the center of the interdigitated electrodes and at the middle of the gaps between them. The LC molecules are confined not only by the two substrates but also by the virtual walls so that the turn‐off time of a VA cell driven by an in‐plane field is dependent on the pitch of the interdigitated electrodes as well as the cell gap. Therefore, the turn‐off time of a VA cell driven by an in‐plane field can be reduced simply by decreasing the pitch of the interdigitated electrodes as a result of the enhanced anchoring provided by the virtual walls. We experimentally obtained a sub‐millisecond response time in the VA cell. The measured turn‐on and turn‐off times of the fabricated VA‐FFS cell was 0.33 ms and 0.41 ms, respectively.
58‐4: Distinguished Student Paper: Active Matrix Field Sequential Color Electrically Suppressed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal for High Resolution Displays
Authors: Shi Liangyu , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Cheung Alex , Ho Tsz Kin , Hsieh Chia-Ting , Hung Ching-Lang , Lin Ching-Hsiang , Lin Ching-Huan , Sugiura Norio , Kuo Chia-Wei , Chigrinov Vladimir. G. , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: June 2018

In this article, we disclose a 3‐inch 250ppi active matrix field sequential color electrically suppressed ferroelectric liquid crystal (ESHFLC) display. ESHFLC's ultra‐fast response time (~10µs at 6.67V/µm) enables the display resolution to be tripled via field sequential color technique. Photo‐alignment technology provides ESHFLC with optimal anchoring energy which contributes to a high contrast ratio over 10K:1. Specific 3T1C pixel circuit is designed to convert the analog signal to pulse width modulation. Thus the field sequential color ESHFLC display is achieved on LTPS TFT panel. With the delivered prototype, we successfully demonstrate the active matrix FSC ESHFLC integrated display system. We believe this display may replace IPS or FFS in the near future for portable mobile market. Moreover, high resolution FSC ESHFLC can find more applications in emerging virtual reality displays.
P‐164: Energy Transfer from Interface Exciplexes to Ultrathin Emissive Layers: A Path Way to Design Simplified Efficient White Tandem Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes for Application
Authors: Xu Ting , Zhou Jun-Gui , Meng Hong , Fung Man-Keung
Published: May 2018

Herein, we show a kind of novel tandem white OLED (WOLED) with interface exciplex, which obtaining a high current efficiency of 40.53 cd/A (EQE=18.15%) without light out‐coupling technology. The WOLEDs generally show simpler device structure and lower working voltage. Moreover, the designed WOELDs generally emit warm white spectrum with low correlative color temperature of 3701K~4699K.
P‐167: Low Temperature Curable Hole Injection Polymer for Flexible OLEDs
Authors: Ishitsuka Ken-ichi , Sugioka Tomotsugu , Uchiyama Tomomi , Murakami Tetsushi , Kurosawa Yuu , Suzuri Yoshiyuki
Published: June 2018

Wet‐processable and low temperature curable hole injection polymer was demonstrated. It has good solubility to aromatic solvents and its thin film after the curing with initiator showed enough solvent resistance. It was confirmed to have the potential as Hole Injection Layer (HIL) by applying to blue fluorescence OLEDs.
P‐170: Molecular Design of Sensitizer for High Efficiency in Hyper‐fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jang Ji Seon , Han Si Hyun , Choi Hye Won , Yook Kyoung Soo , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: June 2018

We synthesized two thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters sensitizers, 9,9′,9″‐(5‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)benzene‐1,2,3‐triyl)tris(3,6‐dimethyl‐9H‐carbazole) (TmCzTrz) and 9,9′,9″‐(5‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)benzene‐1,2,3‐triyl)tris(3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazole) (TbCzTrz) to investigate as the sensitizers in hyper‐fluorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The difference in two TADF sensitizers was the side group that was consisted of methyl and t‐butyl group. Although the efficiency of TbCzTrz based TADF device was lower than that of the TmCzTrz device, the efficiency of the hyper‐fluorescent device using the as sensitizers was almost the same.
P‐172: Geometry Control and Chemical Bond Stabilization of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitter to Get Extended Lifetime in TADF OLEDs
Authors: Lee Ho Jung , Han Si Hyun , Hong Wan Pyo , Song Ok-Keun , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: June 2018

A material was synthesized as a thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitter to alleviate the geometrical hindrance between the donors and to improve the lifetime of the TADF devices. GTD (green TADF dopant) is a green TADF emitter which showed similar peak wavelengths to a common green TADF emitter, but exhibited three times longer device lifetime than a common TADF emitter. The dihedral angle between donor and central core of GTD was small compared to that of a common TADF emitter. And the improved bond dissociation energy of bond of GTD molecule affected the lifetime of TADF OLEDs.
P‐179: Color Tunable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters with Changing Electron Withdrawing Characteristic of Acceptor
Authors: Ko A Ra , Lee Dong Ha , Ji Seung Bae , Choi Hye Won , Yook Kyoung Soo
Published: June 2018

A series of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters of 2,2′,2″‐(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris(N,N‐diphenylaniline) (TPA‐Trz) , 2,2′,2″‐(pyrimidine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris(N,N‐diphenylaniline) (TPA‐Pyr) , 2,2′,2″‐(pyridine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris(N,N‐diphenylaniline) (TPA‐Py) are synthesized. Photophysical and electrical properties of TADF emitters were characterized according to the electron withdrawing strength of the molecule, by integrating triphenylamine electron donating unit and triazine, pyrimidine, pyridine electron withdrawing unit. Energy bandgap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was controlled by changing the electron withdrawing strength of electron accepting unit of the molecule. Triazine based molecule TPA‐Trz (0.12 eV) showed smallest ΔEST value than TPA‐Pyr (0.25 eV) and TPA‐Py (0.27 eV), and the maximum photoluminescence emission peak of TPA‐Trz, TPA‐Pyr, and TPA‐Py was 516, 470 and 441nm, respectively. TPA‐Trz device showed maximum external quantum efficiency of 19.7% with a CIE color coordinate of (0.30, 0.61) and TPA‐Pyr showed maximum external quantum efficiency of 13.9% with a CIE color coordinate of (0.16, 0.30).
P‐183: Improved Device Stability for Solution‐Processed Green Phosphorescent OLEDs via Interface Mixing Effect
Authors: Park So-Ra , Ahn Dong-A , Jung Seon Hyeak , Suh Min Chul
Published: June 2018

We have improved the stability of OLEDs via adjusting the charge balance through partial interface mixing using a linear polymer (LPHTL) which has relatively higher hole mobility than cross‐linkable HTL (XHTL). Then we analyzed this phenomenon through hole only device (HOD) and impedance spectroscopy (IS).
P‐184: The Effect of Exciplex‐Type Co‐Host Emitting Layer Structure in the Lifetime of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sohn Jiho , Ko Donghyun , Lee Hyunho , Han Jongseok , Lee Changhee
Published: June 2018

The significantly low operation lifetime of exciplex‐type host compared to the exciplex‐free host in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) was systematically investigated. In the exciplex‐type host, more bulk traps are formed compared to exciplex‐free host during constant current operation, leading to decrease in exciton generation efficiency, lowering the device operational stability.
P‐191: Testing and Preparation of White Matrix Resist for OGS Touch Panel
Authors: Du Zhi , Yang Hong , Shao Xibin , Guo Zongjie , Zhang Ming , Chen Qicheng , Ding Xianlin , Chen Cui , Zeng Ting , Yin Liuyue , Hu Haifeng
Published: June 2018

In this paper, three kinds of WM (white matrix resist) were testing. First, WM with the same thickness were prepared at different exposure dose, the influence of the exposure dose on profile angle was analyzed, exposure dose can effectively reduce profile angle. And the WM of 11, 13 and 15um were prepared, it was found that the larger the thickness, the greater the profile angle. Aiming at the chromaticity of the white touch screen, the influence of different process temperature, thickness and glass substrate on the chromaticityof the white touch screen is analyzed. At the same time, the problem of residual BM (black matrix resist) in the hole of the camera hole and photoresist in the climbing area during the process of making the touch screen was discussed. The solution of filling the OC (Over Coating: transparent organic materials) buffer layer and enhancing the Photoresist VCD (Vacuum Chamber Dry)
P‐193: High Force Sensing Accuracy in Piezoelectric Based Interactive Displays by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Gao Shuo , Duan Jifang , Wei Zhicheng , Nathan Arokia
Published: June 2018

Over panel stress non‐uniformity strongly limits the detection accuracy of piezo based force sensing in interactive displays. In this work, nested artificial neural networks based technique is presented to address the issue of stress non‐uniformity. High detection accuracy in terms of touch position and force amplitude is demonstrated by the proposed technique.
40‐4: Effect of Evaporation Stagnation on the Performance of OLED Device
Authors: Li Xiaohu , Zhu Haibin , Liu Tun , Jiao Zhiqiang , Wang Lu , Yuan Guangcai
Published: June 2018

Due to the constraints of sequential evaporation for RGB pixel in side by side OLED structure, different thickness of emitting layers, the difference of tact time and so on, the evaporation substrate will be deposited in buffer waiting for a period of time. In this study, it is found that the stagnation of evaporation during OLED manufacturing will decrease the performance of device, while optimizing device fabrication process can greatly improve the device performance.
P‐201: Late‐News Poster: Design of Full‐color Multi‐plane Augmented Reality Display with PSLC Scattering Shutters†
Authors: Liu Shuxin , Li Yan , Zhou Pengcheng , Chen Quanming , Li Sida , Liu Yueda , Wang Yunfen , Su Yikai
Published: June 2018

A full‐color optical‐see‐through head mounted display (HMD) with polymer‐stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) scattering shutters for augmented display was proposed. Three LEDs (RGB) and a DMD were used to achieve the quasi‐collimated projection image. Our system solves the accommodation‐vergence conflict with accurate depth cues.
P‐202: Late‐News Poster: Dynamic Obstacle Detection to Improve BVI Pedestrian's Navigation Decision using CNNs
Authors: Yun Borin , Kwon Jangwoo
Published: June 2018

Two CNNs models are proposed to detect dynamic obstacles in urban setting so as to improve BVI pedestrian's navigation decision. First, we re‐implement the inspired model, yolov2, on KITTI datasets. Regarding evaluation, the two models perform better than yolov2 from 6.26% to 10.99% on car detection at different difficulty levels.
P‐216: Late‐News Poster: UHPD Technology for Enhanced User Experience of Near‐Eye Applications
Authors: Cheng Shih-Song , Chen Huei-Siou , Chen Yung-Ting , Wei Le-Jean , Huang Li-Min , Lu Long-Ming
Published: June 2018

UHPD technology is developed on glass substrate. This technology eliminates screen‐door effect and therefore enhances significantly user experience. A 2228ppi AMOLED panel has been demonstrated. Critical breakthroughs include 11.4um pixel circuitry integrated in LTPS process and 17.27% aperture ratio in each color. With additional MOST display flexibility is increased dramatically.
P‐210: Late‐News Poster: Advances in Infrared and Projected Capacitive Touch Screens
Authors: McCulloch Robert D. , Duxbury Guy M. , David Albert M.
Published: June 2018

Innovative ‘Correlating Infrared’ technology eliminates limitations of conventional Infrared touch screens yet retains all inherent advantages. ‘Correlating Infrared’ is two‐touch, compact and has outstanding interference immunity. Separately, advances in multiplexed projected capacitive (MPC) touch technology have simplified PCAP wiring. Each technology needs just one intelligent controller for any screen size.
3‐3: Distinguished Student Paper: Resolution Enhanced Light Field Near‐to‐Eye Display Using E‐shifting Method with Birefringent Plate
Authors: Peng Kuei-En , Wu Jui-Yi , Huang Yi-Pai , Lo Hsin-Hsiang , Chang Chuan-Chung , Chuang Fu-Ming
Published: June 2018

Light field near‐to‐eye display (LFNED) achieves lightweight device and solves accommodation‐convergence conflict. However, low spatial resolution of LFNED brings users bad immersive experience. In this paper, the new method proposed using birefringent plate to enhance image resolution. In results, our method apparently improves resolution in LFNED.
4‐2: From the Synthesis of High‐Quality InP‐based Quantum Dots to the Development of Efficient QD Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wedel Armin , Kim Yohan , Heyne Benjamin , Geßner André
Published: June 2018

Environmentally friendly InP‐based colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have been intensively researched for the application of color‐saturated display and lighting application due to the potential impacts based on the unique properties of QDs itself. In this paper, we present our development on QD synthesis and QD light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs, or QD‐LEDs).
4‐4: High Stability Green Luminescent Microspheres based on Quantum Dot
Authors: Yang Lei , Lu Rui , Hao Junjie , Yang Zhibin , Bian Dun , Wu Dan , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: June 2018

In this work, atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique was used as an efficient method to significantly improve the stability of green Quantum dots Luminescent Microspheres (QLuMiS) by depositing an alumina layer on the outer surface of QLuMiS. The composite microspheres based LED reveals long term stability and excellent light performance.
14‐2: Monolithic Glass Light‐Guide Plate with Built‐in Prism Structure for 1D Dimming Large‐Area LCD
Authors: Isshiki Masanobu , Arai Yusuke , Inoue Masahiro , Sasaki Takashi , Käläntär K
Published: June 2018

We have developed monolithic functional glass LGP (GLGP) for large‐area LCD backlight unit (BLU) with built‐in prism structure enabling 1D segment dimming. We simulated and optimized the prismatic GLGP, confirming the 1D dimming and light collimating characteristics of the prototyped sample. We have succeeded in fabricating prism structure on 65” GLGP with both imprint and film lamination methods.
16‐4: Study of Anti‐reflection Thin Polarizer for pOLED Display
Authors: Han Jisu , Cho Won-Jong , Park Won-Ki , Lee Dae-Heung , Ko Tae-Woon , Lee Joun-Ho , Heo Hong-Seok , Lee Jong-Gun , Kim Sung-Jin , Lee Sang-Gul , Jun Myung-Chul , Kang In-Byeong
Published: June 2018

We studied anti‐reflection conditions in plastic Organic Light Emitting Diodes (pOLED) display to obtain a uniform neutral black in all of viewing angles. Well‐known anti‐reflection design is consist of retardation (Rin) and wavelength dispersion of a quarter wave plate. However, we realized that a viewing angle anti‐reflection condition is determined by a total out plane retardation (Rth) of a polarizer. We defined Rin & Rth behaviors related with reflectance of pOLED display. These researches can be achieved better products appearance by obtaining the best anti‐reflection conditions.
18‐2: Ultrapure Green Light‐Emitting Diodes using Colloidal Quantum Wells of Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Shih Chih-Jen , Kumar Sudhir , Jagielski Jakub
Published: June 2018

Pure green light emitting diodes (LEDs) are essential to realize an ultra‐wide color gamut in the next‐generation displays, as is defined by the Rec. 2020 standard. However, because the human eye is more sensitive to the green spectral region, it is not yet possible to achieve an ultra‐pure green electroluminescence (EL) with sufficiently narrow bandwidth that covers >95% of the Rec. 2020 standard in the CIE 1931 color space. Here, we demonstrate efficient, ultra‐pure green EL based on the colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) of organic‐inorganic lead bromide perovskites. Through the dielectric‐quantum‐well (DQW) engineering and their aggregation‐induced emssion behaviors, the quantum‐confined CQWs exhibit a high exciton binding energy of 162 meV, resulting in a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ~95% in the spin‐coated films. Our optimized LED devices show a maximum current efficiency (ηCE) of 21 cd A−1, which is about 50% higher than the highest efficiency ever reported in all colloidal perovskite nanocrystal‐based LEDs, matching the performance of fluorescent organic LEDs. The CIE 1931 color coordinates of (0.168, 0.773), covering 97% of the Rec. 2020 standard in the CIE 1931 color space, representing the “greenest” LEDs ever reported.
19‐1: Invited Paper: Stability of Sputtered Amorphous Tungsten‐doped Indium Oxide Based Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Zhang Qun , Yang Zhao , Qu Mingyue , Fu Ruofan , Liu Po-Tsun , Shieh Han-Ping D.
Published: June 2018

The stability of sputtered amorphous tungsten‐doped indium oxide based thin film transistors was investigated after illuminated under different wavelengths and annealed in different atmospheres. It reveals that the stability is dependent on the wavelength and illumination time, and can be improved after annealed in oxygen, nitrogen or at appropriate annealing temperature.