bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Transformation of the Spanish Influence in Latin America through the Multinationals: An Economic View
Authors: Xieyun  , Villa Crsitian Camilo Burgos , Humbert Jean , Daru Gama Rivas
Published: May 2022

Today the influence of the countries is manifested in a more subtle way than in the past. While in the past the cornerstone of influence was the use of force and coercion in order to dominate a certain territory, today everything tends to be more covert and somewhat sophisticated. The States now make more use of soft power than hard power, without giving up the use of force if is necessary. This is the case of Spanish multinationals throughout the American hemisphere or what is known as Latin America, where with a great expansion throughout the region backed by the political power of the Spanish State, it has managed to export Spanish presence and influence again throughout the region, more than 200 years after the independence of these countries from the Spanish crown. The assertive analysis of how dominance by force has given way to economic dominance is the main point of this article. Analyse the operations of these companies in the region through a meticulous investigation and its corresponding historical process to understand how works.
Accreditation of otorhinolaryngologists: legal and organizational aspects
Authors: Balatskaya K. А. , Dvoryanchikov V. V. , Ryazantsev S. V. , Yanov Yu. K. , Tkachuk I. V. , Artyushkin S. A.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the organization of primary specialized and periodic accreditation of otorhinolaryngologists in 2022. The process of accreditation of doctors of various specialties is introduced by stages, the program is scheduled for completion to 2026. The normative-legal acts regulating the accreditation procedure are considered. The changes in the Procedures for its implementation, technical and organizational features in connection with the entry into force of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 1081n “On approval of the Regulations on the accreditation of specialists” analyzed. Master’s degree graduates and persons with non-medical education have been added to the specialists who are subject to primary specialized accreditation. At the stages of primary specialized accreditation, the number of test tasks, practical tasks and situational tasks, as well as the time to solve them, will now be determined by the Methodological Center. In periodic accreditation, the ways of submitting documents have been revised, it will be possible to do this in person, by mail, or using the federal register of medical professionals. The requirements for training and portfolio design have also changed. The 144 hours of training established by the order can be earned both by advanced training programs without mandatory confirmation on the portal of continuing medical education, and by credits received for education on the portal of continuing medical education. Accreditation process outcomes are posted on the Federal Accreditation Center portals. Information about persons who have got the accredited specialist status are entered by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation into the integrated national health information system for maintaining of personalized registration of persons involved in the medical activities.
Analysis of the emotional relationship between humans and animals with regards to the death of dogs and cats
Authors: WOJTAŚ JUSTYNA , KAPUSTKA JOANNA , IWANICKI RYSZARD , IWANICKI JAKUB , IWANICKI MATEUSZ , GARBIEC ALEKSANDRA
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between humans and animals and to analyze the opinions expressed by pet owners about cremation and burial of their dead pets. The survey-based study was carried out among 876 respondents, and data on the number of cremations performed in 2016-2021 obtained from an animal crematorium were analyzed. The statistical analysis assessed the correlations between the responses and the sex, education, and place of residence of the respondents. The responses were analyzed using the Pearson Chi-square test. The percentage data collected from the crematorium included the number of collective and individual cremations with their mutual percentage ratio in a year and the number of purchased memorabilia of the deceased pet over the five subsequent years. The statistical analysis was performed in the Statistica 13.3 program. The research results allow for the formulation of a conclusion about the constantly growing empathy for the four-legged members of families.
Changes in the levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, and their inhibitors in the serum of dairy cows with laminitis
Authors: JIA HAITAO , ZHENG XIAOYAN , LI SHUAICHEN , ZHANG JIANTAO , WANG HONGBIN
Published: May 2022

Laminitis is regarded as an important underlying cause of lameness disorders, yet its specific pathogenesis remains unclear. Consistent histological changes in cows with laminitis consist in the degradation of the basement membrane (BM). The breakdown of BM is accomplished by numerous proteases, especially MMP-9 and MMP-2. This study recruited 45 cows according to veterinary diagnostic criteria and divided them into three groups: subclinical laminitis cows (SCL, n = 15), chronic laminitis cows (CL, n = 15), and healthy cows (CON, n = 15). After blood samples were collected from the jugular vein, the serum was separated and frozen at –80°C. The serum samples were analyzed by gelatin zymography and reverse zymography to evaluate the activities of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. In the SCL group, the activity of MMP-9 significantly increased (P <0.01) and the activity of TIMP-1 significantly decreased (P <0.05), compared with those in the CON group, while the activities of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were not significantly different. In the CL group, the activities of MMP-9 (P <0.001) and MMP-2 (P <0.05) significantly increased, and the activities of TIMP-1 (P <0.01) and TIMP-2 (P <0.05) significantly decreased compared with those in the CON group. This is the first study to report changes in the content of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their inhibitors, TIMP-2 and TIMP-1, in the serum of dairy cows with laminitis. These results indicate that inadequate regulation of the activities of MMPs and TIMPs in serum may play a role in the development of laminitis in dairy cows.
Senescent cells and cancer cells as apoptosis suppressors: Causes and effects
Authors: MADEJ JANUSZ A.
Published: May 2022

The death of some senescent cells (KS), as well as neoplastic cells (KN), can be paradoxically inhibited at the stage of apoptosis. Thus, the KS become inhibitors of oncogenesis at the beginning of the phenomenon. The influence of KS and KN on the inhibition of apoptosis is multidirectional, which is presented graphically in the form of Euler’s mathematical circles (Fig. 2). Senescence, like apoptosis, may to some extent inhibit oncogenesis. The neoplastic process is also associated with non-apoptotic death, i.e. entosis, as well as autophagy, i.e. autophagocytosis with the participation of lysosomes. The process of autophagy may also involve the cell proteolytic system via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), in which polyubiquitination of suppressor proteins, e.g. p53 protein, leads to oncogenesis. Therefore, both of the above-mentioned processes of autophagy favour oncogenesis. The paper also presents the role of human endogenous retroviruses (HERs) in oncogenesis, with particular emphasis on the syncytin gene and its participation in the induction of placental cancer (choriocarcinoma, chorioepithelioma).
Relaxer feed additive as a natural tranquilizer for farmed mink (Neovison vison) in stress situations
Authors: WLAZŁO ŁUKASZ , OSSOWSKI MATEUSZ , KASELA MARTYNA , BIS-WENCEL HANNA , ŻEBRACKA ANNA , CHMIELOWIEC-KORZENIOWSKA ANNA , NOWAKOWICZ-DĘBEK BOŻENA
Published: May 2022

Mink, as carnivorous fur animals, are especially exposed to stress factors during mating, gestation, parturition, and rearing of the young that manifests as aggressive behaviour. So far, preparations applied on mink farms to relieve stress have shown low efficacy. Therefore, we aimed at determining whether the Relaxer feed supplement, prepared from valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) and passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) extracts, can be applied to reduce the negative effects of stressors. The study was conducted on mink (Neovison vison) of the brown variety on a fur farm (Poland). The study was divided into two stages investigating the effect of the Relaxer additive on adult mink during the mating season (1%, 1.5%, 2% additive) and on young mink weaned from their mothers (1.5%). For all mink groups basic haematological and morphological blood parameters were determined. The animals’ condition and health were observed, and behavioural observations were made using a temperament test. The results of blood parameters of mink showed no negative impact of the additive on the animals’ health. Statistical differences were observed in red blood cell counts. Analysing the white blood cell count parameters from the first stage of the study, a decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count was observed in the blood of animals of groups K and D1 in successive intakes. In this stage, the lowest cortisol levels were obtained in groups D1 and D2. Analysing the red blood cell parameters of animals at stage II, statistically significant differences were observed. Smaller differences were observed for the studied parameters of the protein-cell image of mink blood. A lower percentage of animals with extreme behavioural types (aggressive and fearful) was found in the experimental group. The feed addition of a mixture of herbs significantly influenced the stress behaviour of mink. Improved behaviour was observed which resulted in improved animal welfare and optimised production parameters. The optimal proportion of the additive in the feed was set at 1.5%.
Boric acid supplementation affects antioxidant activity in ovariectomized female rats
Authors: TEKELI HAKAN , ASICI GAMZE SEVRI EKREN , BILDIK AYSEGUL
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of boric acid (BA) supplementation against oxidative stress (OS) in ovariectomized rats. A total of 48 nonpregnant female Wistar albino rats (180-250 g) were used in the experiment. The rats were divided into six equal groups (n = 8): Control, OVX, OVX + 5 mg/kg BA (OVX + BA5), OVX + 10 mg/kg BA (OVX + BA10), 5 mg/kg BA (BA5), and 10 mg/kg BA (BA10). The rats were intraperitoneally anesthetized with a combination of ketamine hydrochloride (85 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) and underwent a bilateral ovariectomy. Supplementation with 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg BA via oral gavage was started 2 weeks after ovariectomy and continued for 20 days. Catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver, kidney, and brain tissues of rats were analyzed by the spectrophotometric method. MDA concentrations in the liver tissue was increased in the OVX rats compared to the control group (p <0.05). Liver GST activity was significantly decreased in the OVX rats, but it was increased with 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg BA supplementation (p <0.05). Mean kidney GSH, GPx, and CAT activities in the OVX rats were increased with 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg BA supplementation (p <0.05). In the brain tissue, GST activity was increased in the OVX rats treated with 10 mg/kg BA (p <0.05). These results indicate that BA supplementation can enhance antioxidant defense mechanisms against OS after ovariectomy in female rats.
ESTUDO ONE-POT DA APLICAÇÃO DO CATALISADOR DE GRUBBS DE PRIMEIRA GERAÇÃO EM REAÇÕES DE METÁTESE DA PIPERINA E EUGENOL: A INFLUÊNCIA DA LIGAÇÃO DUPLA TERMINAL
Authors: Costa Ana , Fernandes Kerlane , Vieira Vanessa , França Aline , Lima Wanessa , Almeida Pedro , Matos José , Neto Benedito , Sá José , Martins Francielle
Published: May 2022

ONE-POT STUDY OF THE APPLICATION OF CATALYST FIRST-GENERATION GRUBBS IN METATHESIS REACTIONS OF PIPERINE AND EUGENOL: THE INFLUENCE OF THE DOUBLE- BOND TERMINAL. In this paper, the piperine (PIP) and eugenol (EUG) organic compounds were used as substrates in olefin metathesis reactions catalyzed by first-generation Grubbs catalyst (G1) – [RuCl2(PCy3)2(=CHPh)], Cy is cyclohexyl and Ph is phenyl, in a one-pot system. The reactions occurred at 50 ºC, for 24, 48, or 96 h using the two substrates simultaneously in the ratio Ru:PIP:EUG of 1:1:1 and 1:10:10 mol. The results were evaluated by GC-MS, discussed in terms of the electronic and steric characteristics of the G1, and the structural proprieties of the substrates. In the Ru:PIP:EUG ratio of 1:1:1 mol, a dimeric species was observed for the olefin metathesis of EUG, in all time studied and in an additional experiment at 70 ºC for 48 h. When the Ru:PIP:EUG ratio was 1:10:10 mol, this dimer was not observed. Isomerization processes also were observed at all temperatures and catalyst:substrates ratio. The reaction yield increased with the raise of substrates amount. There was no cross-metathesis reaction. This fact was attributed to the chelating effect of the double coordination of the PIP to the catalyst.
Biosurfactants: Sustainable and Versatile Molecules
Authors: Barbosa Fernanda , Ribeaux Daylin , Rocha Thiago , Costa Rogger , Guzmán Ramiro , Marcelino Paulo , Lacerda Talita , da Silva Silvio
Published: May 2022

Biosurfactants are amphipathic molecules produced by plants, animals, and microorganisms, that present emulsifying properties and may act reducing surface and interfacial tensions. When compared to synthetic surfactants, these biological analogues have high biodegradability potential, and may be produced from renewable raw materials within overall biotechnological processes involving low generation of residues. The production and application of microbial surfactants have been recently considered in several industrial sectors, as these low toxicity versatile compounds find applications in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and petrochemical products, in nanotechnology and agriculture, and in the bioremediation of xenobiotic-contaminated areas. Herein, the main conceptual aspects and physicochemical properties, as well as the classifications of biosurfactants according to their origin and their chemical structures, are addressed. The production of microbial biosurfactants through sustainable processes are also described, with particular focus on new applications and on the increasing relevance of such bioproducts for the sustainable development of modern society.
Metropolização e abastecimento de água no Rio de Janeiro: a mediação dos sistemas técnicos de infraestrutura hídrica
Authors: Ribeiro Christian Ricardo
Published: May 2022

A formação e a evolução dos sistemas metropolitanos de abastecimento de água constituem um tema relevante para o debate sobre a sustentabilidade das cidades, principalmente no caso dos aglomerados urbanos com mais de 10 milhões de habitantes. Este é caso da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, cujo sistema de abastecimento é o objeto central deste trabalho. A análise de sua atual configuração evidencia as relações destes sistemas com algumas questões mais amplas, tais como a vulnerabilidade ambiental e a proteção das áreas de mananciais, a poluição e a qualidade de suas águas, a precariedade infraestrutural e a vulnerabilidade regulatória dos serviços de abastecimento de água e, por extensão, a sustentabilidade das grandes regiões metropolitanas. Conclui-se que a associação entre os sistemas de abastecimento de água e as regiões metropolitanas se define como uma condição necessária à manutenção e à reprodução da própria vida na cidade, mas que as limitações estruturais dos sistemas técnicos e o modelo de expansão urbana das metrópoles se manifestam e se articulam em diferentes escalas geográficas.
POLA PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM PAI DI MADRASAH MELALUI PENDEKATAN KOMPREHENSIF
Authors: Hasan Hafiedh , Putri Ayu Eka
Published: May 2022

The curriculum that is developed by the Islamic based school/Madrasah is an operational curriculum that is compiled and implemented by each school/Madrasah and it is used as a reference for learning in school. The urgency of the attention and application of the principle is to ensure that the Islamic education curriculum is developed completely convenient with the condition of the students, schools, communities so that it does not only revolve around the issue of aqidah and morality but also includes all the sciences that relate to various aspects of human life, balanced between the worldly needs and the hereafter needs, body and soul, material and spiritual. The new paradigm of Islamic Education requires integrated and continuous innovation. One manifestation is an innovation by the teacher in learning activities. The teacher's habit of gathering information about students' level of understanding through questions, observations, assignments, and tests will be very useful in determining the level of student mastery and in evaluating the effectiveness of the learning process.
PERAN ABDULLAH BIN NUH DALAM PENYEBARAN FAHAM SYIAH DI INDONESIA: STUDI ANALISIS KRITIS
Authors: Ardi Mohammad Noviani , Thobroni Ahmad , Widyaswari Alifia Hilma
Published: May 2022

Abdullah bin Nuh salah seorang ulama besar yang lahir di era penjajadan sampai kemerdekaan Indonesia. Dia sangat peduli terhadap perkembangan ilmu pengatahuan baik dan ideologi yang lahir. Kemahiran dalam berbahasa Arab dan Inggris membuat seorang Abdullah bin Nuh banyak berinteraksi dengan tokoh-tokoh di luar negeri dan membaca perkembangan pemikiran di dunia langsung dari sumbernya. Salah satu yang menjadi perhatian Abdullah bin Nuh adalah perbedaan pandangan di ummat Islam yang menyebabakan perpecahan persaudaraan. Untuk mengurangi rasa perpecahan di tubuh umat Islam, Abdullah bin Nuh banyak menerbitkan karya dalam Bahasa Arab dan Bahasa Indonesia yang memberikan pandangan terkait dengan moderasi dalam Islam. Lebih dari itu, demi membangun dan mempersatukan kembali umat Islam, Abdullah bin Nuh tidak pernah ragu untuk berkomunikasi dan berbagi ilmu pengetahuan dengan sesama umat Islam Syiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji beberapa tuduhan kepada Abdullah bin Nuh bahwa dia adalah salah satu pendukung dan bermadzhab syiah. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis kualitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptis kritis pada jenis tuduhan kepada Abdullah bin Nuh dan buku-buku karya Abdullah bin Nuh. Hasil penelitian menerangkan bahwa Abdullah bin Nuh berakidah Ahlussunnah wa Jama’ah dengan tetap mengedapankan prinsip moderasi sebagai pondasi utama mempersatukan perbedaan pandangan. Banyak karya Abdullah bin Nuh yang mengajak kepada persatuan umat untuk menghadapi perkembangan ideologi barat yang lebih memecah belah kehidupan berbangsa, bernegara dan beragama.
ISLAMIC BASED EDUCATION MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL IN INDONESIA EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Mubarok Ramdanil
Published: May 2022

The problem of educational management that has not been maximized in Islamic and social content in an educational institution is a concern that needs to be solved so that the focus of the problem in this article is how to manage Islamic and social education in educational institutions? The aim is to analyze and interpret Islamic and socially charged educational management in educational institutions. This research is qualitative research with the type of library research (library research). The author collects various kinds of journal articles through Google Scholar, collects electronic books through Google Book and PDF Drive, then the author makes notes that are considered important and relevant according to the required data. The conclusion of this article is that Islamic-based education management in educational institutions is reflected in the implementation of deliberation in every decision that will be taken, knit together to produce maximum results in every job, and be productive in running the wheels of educational institutions. The management of social-based education in educational institutions should have life skills in social life such as individual/personal skills, social skills, academic skills, and skills in work. Thus, the management of socially charged education can be implemented in a flexible, participatory, comprehensive, and effective manner. It is hoped that writing this article, can contribute ideas that can strengthen the concept of educational management which contains Islamic values and social values in the management of educational institutions. Keywords: education management, Islamic content, social content.
Investigation of in-phase vibration control technology for large multi-shaker test facility
Authors: Qiu Hanping , Feng Yaoqi , Liu Chuang , Li Xinming , Fan Shichao , Li Shaogang , Sun Tong
Published: May 2022

This paper describes the background of large multi-shaker test facility’s application. There are three major different methods to deal with the synchronous vibration control issues for these facilities. They are including using digital phase unit, analog phase unit and mimo-vibration controller. Finally, specific engineering application examples in the field of aerospace were given. The test results show that different methods have their own strength and weakness and choices have to be made to resolve the in-phase vibration control problems according to the multi-shaker test facilities’ configuration.
Elastic-plastic solution of circular hydraulic pressure tunnel based on D-P criterion
Authors: Ping Wang
Published: May 2022

This work provides new findings on the theory of D–P failure criterion applied to the study of the analytic solution of the radius and stress of tunnel plastic zone and the periphery displacement of hydraulic pressure tunnel under uniform ground stress field. It focuses on elasto-plastic rock masses with the stage of construction and operation. The results that are obtained are compared to other calculation techniques and show that: The elastic-plastic solution calculated based on the theoretical model is larger than that based on the D-P Criterion, indicating safer conditions. The principal stress varies with the internal water pressure, and it firstly decreases to zero and then gradually increase in the plastic zone. With the internal water pressure keeping increasing to a high level, the principal stress in the elastic zone changes from tangential stress to radial stress in the radial distance-enlarging direction, which tends to reach the geostress. In this condition, the radial distance is related to the value of internal water pressure. The calculation results of this study are demonstrated to be in good agreement with those of numerical simulation under the same conditions.
The influence of biological active layer to titanium alloy biocompatibility in vitro
Authors: Yuan Xuemin , Zhao Zhonglei
Published: May 2022

we can obtain porous netshaped conformation after activate treatment, such conformation will make area of the sample surface increase, surface energy increase. Reticular conformation and nanometer hole structure increase the combination intensity with the bone. As implanted material, for human bone tissue through the mesh-like surface of the conditions of the exchange offer. Therefore, bionic activation layer/titanium biomedical materials may become the optimization implant materials for its excellent biological properties. In the course of simulated body fluid (SBF) cultivation, Titanate gel layer in simulated body fluid absorpt calcium ion, hydroxyapatite in titanate layer of porous network structure form nuclear and grow up and induced deposition a certain orientation of the bone-like apatite.
Diffusion concentration distribution and numerical simulation of sulfate ions in polypropylene fiber concrete
Authors: Song Mei , Zhang Chongshang , Mi Haichen , Wang Ke , Wang Shuai
Published: May 2022

In order to analysis the sulfate diffusion process in polypropylene fiber concrete, the influence of the introduction of polypropylene fiber on the porosity was calculated at first based on the spatial distribution features of polypropylene fiber in concrete, which was classified into three types, penetration type, half through type and embedded type. On the basis of Fick’s second law and reaction kinetics equation, the diffusion model of sulfate ions in polypropylene concrete was established. The numerical solution was achieved with the adoption of finite difference method and the concentration of sulfate ions at any position can be calculated. At last, the numerical solution was verified using the results of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete sulfate attack test. The results show that the relative error between numerical calculation and the actual test results is less than 17.65 %, the accuracy of the model is relatively high.
Mass and 3D centroid test and error analysis of small UAV
Authors: Sun Liwei , Wang Shukun , Wang Haokun , Zhao Weihong , Li Junye , Dong Liguang
Published: May 2022

Mass and center of mass are important mass characteristic parameters, and these parameters have a direct impact on the space motion attitude, motion trajectory, and flight stability of the rotor UAV. In this paper, the multi-point weighing method is used to measure the mass and three-dimensional center of mass of the rotary-wing UAV, the measurement principle is deeply analyzed and the system error is deeply studied. It can provide theoretical guidance for the development of test equipment for the mass and three-dimensional center of mass of the rotor UAV.
Mixing homogeneity of cement-stabilized macadam and its influence mechanism on road performance
Authors: Tian Ming , Xiong Chaobo , Chen Wei , Zhou You , Liu Bin
Published: May 2022

To study the effects of different mixing processes on the mixing uniformity of cement-stabilized macadam, three mixing processes, namely, ordinary static mixing, vibratory mixing and vibratory machine off-vibration mixing, are compared and studied by visual identification, coarse aggregate distribution statistics in core sample section, mixture sieving and cement dosage titration. The results show that the cement slurry produced by the vibratory mixing process has the best adhesion effect on coarse aggregate, and its variability in the number of coarse aggregate distribution in the core sample section, the key sieve passing rate of the aggregate and variability of cement dosage titration are the lowest. In conclusion, vibratory mixing can improve the homogeneity of cement-stabilized macadam, thus improve internal friction resistance and cohesion of the mixture, and enhance the road performance.
Meandering rivers’ morphological changes analysis and prediction – a case study of Barak river, Assam
Authors: Nath Apurba , Ghosh Susmita
Published: May 2022

Morphological studies are vital for water resources management, riverbank development, and flood mitigation. In this study, the sinuosity index and bank erosion were used to detect and quantify morphological changes using Landsat data (1990–2020) in the Barak river, India. The morphological changes were investigated in protected areas to analyze the effectiveness of existing protective structures on bank migration, which helps formulate better riverbank restoration plans. Using monthly discharge data from two stream gauge stations, the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models were developed. The extensive sediment transportation in the region necessitates studying both the river flow and morphological changes. The developed SARIMA model was used to predict river discharges up to 2025, being trained with data from 2006 to 2015. The validation of the model (2016–2018) shows that the mean absolute percentage error for discharge at two gauging stations is 29.78 and 23.52%, respectively. The analysis shows that the sinuosity index and bank erosion were inversely proportional. The SARIMA model showed that the future monthly discharge in the case study could be substantially higher than the observed series and affect river erosion simultaneously. This approach applies to many other meandering river management and identifies future morphological changes.
EFFECT OF SIMULATED GRAVITATIONAL UNLOADING ON M. SOLEUS SATELLITE CELLS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Vilchinskaya N.A. , Rozhkov S.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Komarova M.Yu. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Dmitrieva R.B. ,   Almazov National Medical Research Center of Ministry of Health of Russia, St.-Petersburg, Shenkman B.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: May 2022

Markers of the satellite cells terminal differentiation in m. Soleus were analyzed following different periods of gravitational unloading simulated by rats' tail-suspension. Satellite cells were cultivated in vitro. Western blotting was used to determine levels of mTORc1, phospho-p70S6K, phospho-ACC, phospho-FOXO1 and phospho-FOXO3 involved in cells proliferation and differentiation. Desmin and АМРКа1 expression was determined using PCR analysis. It was shown that 7 and 14 days of tail-suspension lead to the increased intensity of satellite cells proliferation and activities of transcription factors FOXO1 and FOXO3 in rat soleus muscle.
MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF EMOTIONAL STRESS WITH HYPERVENTILATION: ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL EFFECTS AND INDICATIONS FOR APPLICATION TO PILOTS AND COMBATANTS
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Ivanov I.V. , Milanin A.A. ,   State Budgetary Institution of Moscow «Scientific and Practical Rehabilitation Center», Zhelty О.P. ,   12th Advisory and Diagnostic Center of Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Stas Yu.V. ,   State Budgetary Institution of Moscow «Scientific and Practical Rehabilitation Center»
Published: May 2022

We analyzed psychotherapeutic effectiveness of and individual clinical reactions to hyperventilation sessions used for emotional stress correction in 517 patients including 211 pilots and 306 war veterans at the age of 22 to 52 years. The hyperventilation method was recommended for pilots' treatment in hospitals and rehabilitation centers. However, the method may provoke convulsive activities in the brain and personal disorientation and, therefore, should be prescribed on the clinical evidence of benefit to an individuum with post-traumatic stress disorders, and lack of contraindications.
ANALYSIS OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PILOTLESS VEHICLE ACCIDENT RATE
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Burmistrov V.I. , Ivanov I.V. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Matkevich E.I. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Praskurnichiy E.A. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
Published: May 2022

Analysis of the air accident rates of MQ-1 Predators and MQ-9 Reapers from the Drone Crash Database in the period from 2001 till 2021 (12 countries, 174 accidents total) disclosed major factors, including human, for accidents. The main reason was structural faults and manufacturing defects due to, probably, long time in service. Frequency of accidents due to errors of experienced pilot-operator's varied between 19.4% and 22.9 % and due to errors in the course of skill training, 60–64.7 %. To reduce the accident rate, pilot-operators need to be trained on cutting-edge VR simulators and challenged by atypical stress situations such as multiple causation.
Electrochemical Method: A Green Approach for the Synthesis of Organic Compounds
Authors: Garg Sonali , Sohal Harvinder Singh , Malhi Dharambeer Singh , Kaur Manvinder , Singh Kishanpal , Sharma Ajay , Mutreja Vishal , Thakur Deepa , Kaur Loveleen
Published: May 2022

Background:

Heterocyclic compounds have gained attention due to their growing
demand against various infectious diseases, but their synthesis with hazardous chemicals,
costly catalysts, and costly purification methods encourage researchers to explore alternative
sources. The electrochemical method offers a powerful and versatile approach for assembling
different heterocyclic structures. Moreover, it gives a highly proficient and green methodology
that avoids harmful oxidants and reductants.

Objective:

In this review, we aim to compile the different types of reactions i.e., Curtin-
Hammet, Michael addition, Wittig reaction, Henry, Diels-Alder, Friedel-crafts, Kolbe, Heck,
Benzoin condensation reaction taking place in case of electrochemical synthesis in the last 3
years from 2017-2020. So, to the best of our knowledge, after 2017, there is no such report
present that can explain the present scenario in the field of electrochemical synthesis. So this
encouraged us to write a review on this interesting topic.

Result:

From this study, we concluded that the electrochemical methods provide a green and proficient methodology
for radical intermediate’s age utilizing electrons as traceless reagents, which could avoid the use of harmful oxidants
and reductants.
Time for a Change! A Spotlight on Many Neglected Facets of Sponge Microbial Biotechnology
Authors: Laport Marinella Silva , de Oliveira Bruno Francesco Rodrigues , Freitas-Silva Jéssyca , Canellas Anna Luiza Bauer , Costa Wellington Felipe
Published: May 2022

The sponge-microorganism partnership is one of the most successful symbiotic associations exploited from a biotechnological perspective. During the last thirty years, sponge-associated bacteria have been increasingly harnessed for bioactive molecules, notably antimicrobials and cytotoxic compounds. Unfortunately, there are gaps in sponge microbial biotechnology, with a multitude of applications being understudied or ignored. In this context, the current perspective aims to shed light on these underrated facets of sponge microbial biotechnology with a balance of existent reports and proposals for further research in the field. Our overview has showcased that the members of the sponge microbiome produce biomolecules whose usage can be valuable for several economically- relevant and demanding sectors. Outside the exhaustive search for antimicrobial secondary metabolites, sponge-associated microorganisms are gifted producers of antibiofilm, antivirulence and chronic diseases-attenuating substances highly envisaged by the pharmaceutical industry. Despite still at an infant stage of research, anti-ageing enzymes and pigments of special interest for the cosmetic and cosmeceutical sectors have also been reported from the sponge microbial symbionts. In a world urging for sustainability, sponge-associated microorganisms have been proven as fruitful resources for bioremediation, including recovery of heavy-metal contaminated areas, bioleaching processes, and as bioindicators of environmental pollution. In conclusion, we propose alternatives to better assess these neglected biotechnological applications of the sponge microbiome in the hope of sparking the interest of the scientific community toward their deserved exploitation.
WITHDRAWN: Current Synopsis on siRNA Therapeutics as a Novel Anti-
Cancer and Antiviral Strategy: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Kanugo Abhishek , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Sharma Sanjay , Gautam Rupesh K. , Mishra Dinesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

:

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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Honey-based Silver Sulfadiazine Microsponge-Loaded Hydrogel: In vitro
and In vivo Evaluation for Burn Wound Healing
Authors: Patel Priya , Thanki Ashish , Viradia Dhara , Shah Pranav
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Silver sulfadiazine has often been used as a topical antibacterial agent for burn
wounds. Aim of this study is to develop silver sulfadiazine-loaded microsponge along with honeyimpelled
hydrogel for improved burn wound healing activity.

Methods:

Microsponge were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. Formulation variables
such as concentration of emulsifier and Internal phase volume were optimized by using 32 factorial
design. Further, SSD microsponge-based Hydrogel was prepared using carbopol 934 and honey as natural
healing agents. In vitro drug release, ex vivo drug deposition, skin irritancy study, and in vivo antibacterial
activity were evaluated for optimized hydrogel formulations. The MTT assay was used to determine
the safety of the optimized hydrogel using epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines.

Results:

At the 12th hour, in vitro drug release was found to be 85.11±0.89. An adjusted microspongeloaded
hydrogel increased medication retention ability in the epidermal layers when compared to the
commercial product. There was also less application time, no skin irritation, low cytotoxicity on dermal
cell lines, and better wound contraction.

Conclusion:

The prepared microsponge-loaded hydrogel can serve as a potential alternative for burn
wound as compared to the marketed product.
Forging Ahead the Repositioning of Multitargeted Drug Ivermectin
Authors: Atmakuri Srividya , Nene Shweta , Khatri Dharmendra , Singh Shashi Bala , Sinha V.R. , Srivastava Saurabh
Published: May 2022

With the advent of ivermectin, tremendous improvement in public health has been observed, especially in the treatment of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis that created chaos mostly in rural, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin American countries. The discovery of ivermectin became a boon to millions of people that had suffered in the pandemic and still holds its pharmacological potential. Ivermectin continued to surprise scientists because of its notable role in the treatment of various other tropical diseases (Chagas, leishmaniasis, worm infections, etc.) and is viewed as the safest drug with the least toxic effects. The current review highlights its role in unexplored avenues towards forging ahead of the repositioning of this multitargeted drug in cancer, viral (the evaluation of the efficacy of ivermectin against SARS-Cov-2 is under investigation) and bacterial infection and malaria. This article also provides a glimpse of regulatory considerations of drug repurposing and current formulation strategies. Due to its broad-spectrum activity, multitargeted nature and promising efforts are put towards the repurposing of this drug throughout the field of medicine. This single drug originated from a microbe, changed the face of global health by proving its unmatched success and progressive efforts continue in maintaining its bequestnin the management of global health by decreasing the burden of various diseases worldwide.
Molecular Iodine-Catalyzed N-Benzylic Sulfonamides C-N Bond Cleavage for the Decarboxylative Substitution of β-Keto Acids
Authors: Jia Lina , Zhao Jinyu , Hu Xiangping
Published: May 2022

A molecular iodine-catalyzed system for the decarboxylative substitution reactions of β-keto acids with N-benzylic sulfonamides via sp3 C-N bond cleavage has been disclosed. This procedure provides a series of α-functionalized ketones in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the practicability of this method could be manifested efficiently in a gram-scale synthesis.
Application of Different Levels of Advanced Modeling Iterative Reconstruction
in Brain CT Scanning
Authors: Wu Hongying , Luo Kun , Xu Jun , Hu Xiaoli , Zhang Youxin , Xu Zhihan
Published: May 2022

Background:

Advanced Modeling Iterative Reconstruction (ADMIRE) algorithm has five
intensity levels; it is important to study which algorithm is better for brain CT scanning.

Objective:

The aim of the study is to compare the influence of different strength levels of ADMIRE
and traditional Filtered Back Projection (FBP) on image quality in brain CT scanning.

Methods:

60 patients were retrospectively selected, and the data from each of these patients’ brains
were reconstructed by four different reconstruction methods (FBP, ADMIRE1, ADMIRE3, and
ADMIRE5). A five-point Likert Scale was implemented to evaluate the subjective image quality. Image
noise, CT value of brain tissue , signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of gray white matter, contrast-to-noise
ratio (CNR), and beam hardening artifact index (AI) of the posterior fossa, were measured for evaluating
the objective image quality. Finally, the differences between the subjective and objective evaluations
were compared.

Results:

There were no statistical differences observed in CT values of gray matter and white matter
between the four groups (all P >0.05). The image noise gradually decreased with the increase of
ADMIRE algorithm level. The AI exhibited no statistical difference between the four groups (F
=0.793, P =0.499), but it tended to decrease slightly with the increase of ADMIRE algorithm level.
Compared to other groups (all p <0.001), the ADMIRE5 group demonstrated the best objective image
quality. Nevertheless, the highest subjective score was observed in the ADMIRE3 group, which exhibited
significant differences with other images (all P <0.001).

Conclusion:

ADMIRE algorithm can clearly improve image quality, but it cannot significantly improve
the linear sclerosis artifacts in the posterior cranial fossa. Based on the subjective evaluation of
image quality, ADMIRE3 algorithm is recommended in brain CT scanning.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles by Using Plant Extracts and
their Biomedical Applications – An Extensive Review
Authors: Kamilya Tapanendu , Rakshit Soumen , Jana Paresh Chandra
Published: May 2022

In recent years, the green synthesis of different metal nanoparticles has become a substantial
technique for the synthesis of different essential nanoparticles and their potential applications in
technological, industrial along with biomedical fields. Among the several essential nanoparticles, copper
nanoparticles (CuNPs) have attracted enormous attention for their wide range of applications like
the production of gas sensors, solar cells, high-temperature superconductors as well as drug delivery
materials and catalysis owing to its distinctive optical, electrical, dielectric, imaging and catalytic, etc.
properties. Herein, in this review, our aim is to find out the recent progress of synthesis, as well as different
optical and structural characterizations of green, synthesized CuNPs along with their broadspectrum
biomedical applications, mainly antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticancer as well as
the future perspective of research trends in the green synthesis of CuNPs. CuNPs have been synthesized
by different researchers using three methods, namely, physical, chemical, and biological. In this
review, the eco-friendly, efficient and low cost different established biological/green synthesis methods
of CuNPs using different plant extracts like leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, latex, etc., as capping
and reducing agents have been briefly discussed, along with reaction conditions together with their optical
as well as structural analysis. Effects of different parameters on the green synthesis of CuNPs like
the presence of phytochemicals and confirmation of phytochemicals, temperature, pH, etc., are elucidated.
Studies of the antibacterial activity of biomolecules capped CuNPs by different researchers
against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains along with minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) values have been summarized. Furthermore, antifungal and antiviral effects of green
synthesized CuNPs studied by different researchers are mentioned with minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) values. The anticancer activity of green synthesized CuNPs against different cancer cells
studied by different researchers is summarized with correlation sizes of CuNPs on anticancer activity.
The review also focuses on in vivo applications of green synthesized CuNPs along with clinical trails.
Furthermore, an emphasis is given to the effectiveness of CuNPs in combating COVID-19.
Octahedron-Shaped Nano FeCo2O4 Phase Materials: Wet Chemical
Synthesis and Characterization Studies
Authors: Balamurugan Sarkarainadar , Giribha Neelakandapillai , Ashika Sureshkumar Anitha
Published: May 2022

Background:

Amongst the different spinel cobaltites investigated to date, the FeCo2O4
phase has been relatively less studied in detail despite the potential applications in several areas. As
the nanostructured spinels are sensitive to the processing conditions, we have extended our research
interest in FeCo2O4 phase materials.

Objective:

The objective of this study is (i) to synthesize the FeCo2O4 nanomaterials by different approaches
using different precursors and (ii) to investigate the structural, thermal, optical, and microstructural
properties of different materials by various characterization techniques.

Methods:

Different approaches such as hexamine-assisted combustion synthesis, co-precipitation, and
solvothermal methods were employed to obtain FeCo2O4 nanomaterials using different precursors.

Results:

The XRD pattern of the as-prepared product of the solvothermal method is significantly different
from other processed as-prepared products. The annealed FeCo2O4 materials obtained by coprecipitation
using nitrates and/or chlorides showed nearly a single phase of FeCo2O4 nanomaterials.

Conclusion:

The phase formation of FeCo2O4 materials is sensitive to the presently employed synthesis
conditions. The XRD patterns confirmed the deficient crystalline nature of the as-prepared materials
produced by sol-gel combustion and co-precipitation methods. The annealed materials obtained by
the co-precipitation using nitrates and chlorides showed nearly a single FeCo2O4 phase. The observed
particle sizes of the FeCo2O4 phase materials are octahedral shaped with different sizes of 89 to 344
nm. The optical property studied using the FT-IR technique shows IR bands at 500 ~ 630 cm-1.