bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk-adjusted zero-inflated Poisson CUSUM charts for monitoring influenza surveillance data
Authors: Tan Yueying , Lai Xin , Wang Jiayin , Zhang Xuanping , Zhu Xiaoyan , Chong Ka-chun , Chan Paul K. S. , Tang Jing
Published: July 2021

Background

The influenza surveillance has been received much attention in public health area. For the cases with excessive zeroes, the zero-inflated Poisson process is widely used. However, the traditional control charts based on zero-inflated Poisson model, ignore the association between influenza cases and risk factors, and thus may lead to unexpected mistakes when implementing monitoring charts.

Method

In this paper, we proposed risk-adjusted zero-inflated Poisson cumulative sum control charts, in which the risk factors were put to adjust the risk of influenza and the adjustment was made by zero-inflated Poisson regression. We respectively proposed the control chart monitoring the parameters individually and simultaneously.

Results

The performance of our proposed risk-adjusted zero-inflated Poisson cumulative sum control chart was evaluated and compared with the unadjusted standard cumulative sum control charts in simulation studies. The results show that for different distribution of impact factors and different coefficients, the risk-adjusted cumulative sum charts can generate much less false alarm than the standard ones. Finally, the influenza surveillance data from Hong Kong is used to illustrate the application of the proposed chart.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the adjusted cumulative sum control chart we proposed is more accurate and credible than the unadjusted standard control charts because of the lower false alarm rate of the adjusted ones. Even the unadjusted control charts may signal a little faster than the adjusted ones, the alarm they raise may have low credibility since they also raise alarm frequently even the processes are in control. Thus we suggest using the risk-adjusted cumulative sum control charts to monitor the influenza surveillance data to alert accurately, credibly and relatively quickly.
Selection strategy for sedation depth in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation
Authors: Su Longxiang , Liu Chun , Chang Fengxiang , Tang Bo , Han Lin , Jiang Huizhen , Zhu Weiguo , Hong Na , Zhou Xiang , Long Yun
Published: July 2021

Background

Analgesia and sedation therapy are commonly used for critically ill patients, especially mechanically ventilated patients. From the initial nonsedation programs to deep sedation and then to on-demand sedation, the understanding of sedation therapy continues to deepen. However, according to different patient’s condition, understanding the individual patient’s depth of sedation needs remains unclear.

Methods

The public open source critical illness database Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III was used in this study. Latent profile analysis was used as a clustering method to classify mechanically ventilated patients based on 36 variables. Principal component analysis dimensionality reduction was used to select the most influential variables. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the classification accuracy of the model.

Results

Based on 36 characteristic variables, we divided patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and sedation and analgesia into two categories with different mortality rates, then further reduced the dimensionality of the data and obtained the 9 variables that had the greatest impact on classification, most of which were ventilator parameters. According to the Richmond-ASS scores, the two phenotypes of patients had different degrees of sedation and analgesia, and the corresponding ventilator parameters were also significantly different. We divided the validation cohort into three different levels of sedation, revealing that patients with high ventilator conditions needed a deeper level of sedation, while patients with low ventilator conditions required reduction in the depth of sedation as soon as possible to promote recovery and avoid reinjury.

Conclusion

Through latent profile analysis and dimensionality reduction, we divided patients treated with mechanical ventilation and sedation and analgesia into two categories with different mortalities and obtained 9 variables that had the greatest impact on classification, which revealed that the depth of sedation was limited by the condition of the respiratory system.
Five regions, five retinopathy screening programmes: a systematic review of how Portugal addresses the challenge
Authors: Pereira Andreia Marisa Penso , da Silva Laureano Raul Manuel , de Lima Neto Fernando Buarque
Published: July 2021

Background

The implementation of a population-based screening programme for diabetic retinopathy involves several challenges, often leading to postponements and setbacks at high human and material costs. Thus, it is of the utmost importance to promote the sharing of experiences, successes, and difficulties. However, factors such as the existence of regional programmes, specificities of each country’s health systems, organisational and even linguistic barriers, make it difficult to create a solid framework that can be used as a basis for future projects.

Methods

Web of Science and PubMed platforms were searched using appropriate key words. The review process resulted in 423 articles adherent to the search criteria, 28 of which were accepted and analysed. Web sites of all Portuguese governmental and non-governmental organisations, with a relevant role on the research topic, were inspected and 75 official documents were retrieved and analysed.

Results

Since 2001, five regional screening programmes were gradually implemented under the guidelines of Portuguese General Health Department. However, complete population coverage was still not achieved. Among the main difficulties reported are the complex articulation between different levels of care providers, the low number of orthoptic technician in the national health system, the high burden that images grading, and treatment of positive cases represents for hospitals ophthalmology services, and low adherence rates. Yet, the comparison between strategies adopted in the different regions allowed the identification of potential solutions: hire orthoptic technician for primary health care units, eliminating the dependence of hospital professionals; use artificial intelligence algorithms for automatic retinographies grading, avoiding ophthalmologists overload; adoption of proximity strategies, as the use of portable retinographers, to promote adherence to screening.

Conclusion

Access to diabetic retinopathy screening remains remarkably variable in Portugal and needs urgent attention. However, several characteristics of effective screening programmes were found in Portuguese screening programmes, what seems to point toward promising outcomes, especially if each other highlights are considered. The findings of this research could be very useful for the other countries with similar socio-political characteristics.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registration ID CRD42020200115.
Age-related susceptibility to insulin resistance arises from a combination of CPT1B decline and lipid overload
Authors: Vieira-Lara Marcel A. , Dommerholt Marleen B. , Zhang Wenxuan , Blankestijn Maaike , Wolters Justina C. , Abegaz Fentaw , Gerding Albert , van der Veen Ydwine T. , Thomas Rachel , van Os Ronald P. , Reijngoud Dirk-Jan , Jonker Johan W. , Kruit Janine K. , Bakker Barbara M.
Published: July 2021

Background

The skeletal muscle plays a central role in glucose homeostasis through the uptake of glucose from the extracellular medium in response to insulin. A number of factors are known to disrupt the normal response to insulin leading to the emergence of insulin resistance (IR). Advanced age and a high-fat diet are factors that increase the susceptibility to IR, with lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle being a key driver of this phenomenon. It is debated, however, whether lipid accumulation arises due to dietary lipid overload or from a decline of mitochondrial function. To gain insights into the interplay of diet and age in the flexibility of muscle lipid and glucose handling, we combined lipidomics, proteomics, mitochondrial function analysis and computational modelling to investigate young and aged mice on a low- or high-fat diet (HFD).

Results

As expected, aged mice were more susceptible to IR when given a HFD than young mice. The HFD induced intramuscular lipid accumulation specifically in aged mice, including C18:0-containing ceramides and diacylglycerols. This was reflected by the mitochondrial β-oxidation capacity, which was upregulated by the HFD in young, but not in old mice. Conspicuously, most β-oxidation proteins were upregulated by the HFD in both groups, but carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) declined in aged animals. Computational modelling traced the flux control mostly to CPT1B, suggesting a CPT1B-driven loss of flexibility to the HFD with age. Finally, in old animals, glycolytic protein levels were reduced and less flexible to the diet.

Conclusion

We conclude that intramuscular lipid accumulation and decreased insulin sensitivity are not due to age-related mitochondrial dysfunction or nutritional overload alone, but rather to their combined effects. Moreover, we identify CPT1B as a potential target to counteract age-dependent intramuscular lipid accumulation and thereby IR.
Assessing the antigenicity of different VP3 regions of infectious bursal disease virus in chickens from South Brazil
Authors: Palka Ana Paula Gori , Assunção de Matos Tatiana Reichert , de Souza Claudemir , Eugênio Danilo Santos , Krieger Marco Aurélio , Fragoso Stenio Perdigão , Pavoni Daniela Parada
Published: July 2021

Background

Infectious bursal disease (IBD), also known as Gumboro disease, is a viral infection that causes mortality and immunosuppression in chickens (Gallus gallus). VP2 and VP3 are the major structural viral capsid components and are the most immunogenic proteins of IBD virus (IBDV). Reliable diagnostic tests using VP2 and VP3 produced in heterologous systems are important tools to control this infection. One advantage of an IBD diagnostic based on VP3, over those that use VP2, is that VP3 has linear epitopes, enabling its production in bacteria.

Results

We tested the suitability of recombinant VP3 (rVP3) as a diagnostic reagent in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with a commercial test, rVP3 ELISA showed high sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic tool for vaccinated animals. In addition, rVP3, but not the commercial ELISA, was able to detect antibodies in nonvaccinated chickens, probably developed against circulating IBDV strains. It was possible the assessment of VP3 regions antigenicity using chicken antisera.

Conclusions

The full-length recombinant VP3 can be used to assess post vaccination immunological status of chickens and its production is feasible and inexpensive. The evaluation of VP3 regions as candidates for general use in the diagnosis of IBD in chickens should be conducted with caution. Our work was the first to identify several regions of VP3 recognized by chicken antibodies.
Variation p.R1045H in MYH7 correlated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a Chinese pedigree
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shang Yiyi , Liu Luo , Ding Xiaoxue , Wu Haiyan , Li Lijiang , Pang Mingjie
Published: July 2021

Background

Inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common heart muscle disease that damages heart function and may cause the heart to suddenly stop beating. Genetic factors play an important role in HCM. Pedigree analysis is a good way to identify the genetic defects that cause disease.

Methods

An HCM pedigree was determined in Yunnan, China. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify the genetic variants of HCM. Another 30 HCM patients and 200 healthy controls were also used to investigate the frequency of the variants by customized TaqMan genotyping assay.

Results

The variant NM_000257.4:c.3134G > A (NP_000248.2:p.Arg1045His, rs397516178, c.3134G > A in short) was found to cosegregate with the clinical phenotype of HCM. Moreover, the variant was not found in the 200 control subjects. After genotyping the variant in 30 HCM patients, there was one patient who carried the variant and had a family history.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that this variant may be closely related to the occurrence of the disease. According the ACMG guidelines, the c.3134G > A variant should be classified as "Likely pathogenic".
Socio-economic inequality in anthropometric failure among children aged under 5 years in India: evidence from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016–18
Authors: Porwal Akash , Acharya Rajib , Ashraf Sana , Agarwal Praween , Ramesh Sowmya , Khan Nizamuddin , Sarna Avina , Johnston Robert
Published: July 2021

Background

Conventional indicators used to access the nutritional status of children tend to underestimate the overall undernutrition in the presence of multiple anthropometric failures. Further, factors contributing to the rich-poor gap in the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) have not been explored. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of CIAF and quantify the contribution of factors that explain the rich-poor gap in CIAF.

Methods

The present study used data of 38,060 children under the age of five years and their biological mothers, drawn from the nationally representative Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey of children and adolescents aged 0–19 years in India. The CIAF outcome variable in this study provide an overall prevalence of undernutrition, with six mutually exclusive anthropometric measurements of height-for-age, height-for-weight, and weight-for-age, calculated using the World Health Organization (WHO) Multicenter Growth Reference Study. Multivariate regression and decomposition analysis were used to examine the association between covariates with CIAF and to estimate the contribution of different covariates in the existing rich-poor gap.

Results

An overall CIAF prevalence of 48.2% among children aged aged under 5 years of age was found in this study. 6.0% children had all three forms of anthropometric failures. The odds of CIAF were more likely among children belonging to poorest households (AOR: 2.41, 95% CI: 2.12–2.75) and those residing in urban area (AOR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.11). Children of underweight mothers and those with high parity were at higher risk of CIAF (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.42–1.61) and (AOR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08–1.22), respectively. Children of mother exposed to mass media were at lower risk of CIAF (AOR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81–0.93).

Conclusion

This study estimated a composite index to assess the overall anthropometric failure, which also provides a broader understanding of the extent and pattern of undernutrition among children. Findings show that maternal covariates contribute the most to the rich-poor gap. As well, the findings suggest that intervention programs with a targeted approach are crucial to reach the most vulnerable groups and to reduce the overall burden of undernutrition.
iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of sperm reveals candidate proteins that affect the quality of spermatozoa from boars on plateaus
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Wang Yaomei , Guo Feipeng , Lu Bo , Sun Jiale , Wang Jianzhou , Ren Zili
Published: July 2021

Background

Tibetan pigs (TP) exhibit heritable adaptations to their hypoxic environments as a result of natural selection. However, candidate proteins that affect the sperm quality of boars on plateaus have not yet been clearly investigated.

Methods

In this study, to reveal the candidate proteins that affect the quality of spermatozoa of boars on plateaus, we analyzed the sperm quality using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. We also compared the proteomes of sperm proteomes between TP and Yorkshire pigs (YP) raised at high altitudes using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) in combination with the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) proteomic method, and confirmed the relative expression levels of the four proteins by western blotting.

Results

The sperm quality of the TP was superior to that of the YP on plateaus. Of the 1,555 quantified proteins, 318 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the DEPs were predominantly associated with the sorbitol metabolic process, removal of superoxide radicals, cellular response to superoxide, response to superoxide and regulation of the mitotic spindle assembly. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were mainly enriched in pathways involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, glutathione metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and estrogen signaling. Based on the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, we identified 8 candidate proteins (FN1, EGF, HSP90B1, CFL1, GPX4, NDUFA6, VDAC2, and CP) that might play important roles and affect the sperm quality of boars on plateaus. Moreover, the relative expression levels of four proteins (CFL1, EGF, FN1, and GPX4) were confirmed by western blot analysis.

Conclusions

Our study revealed 8 candidate proteins (FN1, EGF, HSP90B1, CFL1, GPX4, NDUFA6, VDAC2, and CP) that affect the sperm quality of boar on plateaus and provide a reference for further studies on improving sperm quality and the molecular breeding of boars on plateaus.
Estimating the ashfall volume for a small eruption using ellipse-approximated isopach analysis: how many seeking points are required to determine a suitable axis?
Authors: Tajima Yasuhisa
Published: July 2021

A volcanic ash eruption began on March 1, 2018, and a lava flow was observed on March 6 at Shinmoedake volcano in the Kirishima Volcano Group. The small ash eruptions continued until June 27, 2018. The amounts of volcanic ashfall around Shinmoedake volcano from these eruptions were observed, and the volcanic ashfall distributions for each eruptions were analyzed. However, many cases of small eruptions were insufficient observation points to determine the ashfall volumes. Therefore, the ellipse-approximated isopach (EAI) method was used. However, the EAI method requires verification seeking points to determine an angle of a calculation axis including two calculation points to perform the analysis. Fortunately, adequate wind conditions enabled the observation of ashfall amount values at some locations after one eruption on June 27, 2018. And the EAI analysis was conducted to determine this ashfall distribution using 1–4 seeking points. As a result, it is considered that a suitable axis requires three seeking points to determine the EAI distribution.
Emergent categorization in the recognition of black and white paintings through conditional discrimination
Authors: Roberto dos Santos Ferreira Paulo , Santos Diana Rasteli , Sampaio Waldir Monteiro , Leme Antonio Carlos , dos Santos Souza Felipe Maciel
Published: July 2021

Background

The emergent categorization involving paintings by renowned painters and their corresponding names was demonstrated by previous studies. However, the results of these studies suggest that the colors of the pictures may have played a preponderant role, obscuring other aspects of the stimuli that could be more directly related to the style of each painter. To verify this possibility, the present study used the same methodology of Ferreira et al. to investigate the establishment of emergent conditional relations between categories composed of black and white paintings and the names of their authors.

Method

The procedure consisted of the training of relations between each of the ten paintings and an abstract picture, for each of the three painters Botticelli, Monet, and Picasso. Relations between each of the three abstract figures and the printed name of one of the painters were verified in sequence. Finally, tests of relations between five trained and five untrained paintings of each artist and the printed names were conducted.

Results

The participants’ performance suggests that the outcome was properly controlled by aspects pertinent to the paintings that belonged to each painter’s category.

Conclusions

The results reinforced the data obtained previously with colored pictures, suggesting that the process of emergent categorization involving artificial categories of paintings is robust. It also indicates possibilities for future investigations, for example, using stimuli of other artistic productions, such as sculpture and music.
Leveraging Health Information Technology to Collect Family Cancer History: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Xuan , Kahn Ryan M. , Wing Noelani , Zhou Zhen Ni , Lackner Andreas Ian , Krinsky Hannah , Badiner Nora , Fogla Rhea , Wolfe Isabel , Bergeron Hannah , Baltich Nelson Becky , Thomas Charlene , Christos Paul J. , Sharaf Ravi N. , Cantillo Evelyn , Holcomb Kevin , Chapman-Davis Eloise , Frey Melissa K.
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE

Collection of family cancer histories (FCHs) can identify individuals at risk for familial cancer syndromes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the literature on existing strategies whereby providers use information technology to assemble FCH.

METHODS

A systematic search of online databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase) between 1980 and 2020 was performed. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed through the chi-square test (ie, Cochrane Q test) and the inconsistency statistic (I2). A random-effects analysis was used to calculate the pooled proportions and means.

RESULTS

The comprehensive search produced 4,005 publications. Twenty-eight studies met inclusion criteria. Twenty-seven information technology tools were evaluated. Eighteen out of 28 studies were electronic surveys administered before visits (18, 64.3%). Five studies administered tablet surveys in offices (5, 17.8%). Four studies collected electronic survey via kiosk before visits (4, 14.3%), and one study used animated virtual counselor during visits (1, 3.6%). Among the studies that use an FCH tool, the pooled estimate of the overall completion rate was 86% (CI, 72% to 96%), 84% (CI, 65% to 97%) for electronic surveys before visits, 89% (CI, 0.74 to 0.98) for tablet surveys, and 85% (CI, 0.66 to 0.98) for surveys via kiosk. Mean time required for completion was 31.0 minutes (CI, 26.1 to 35.9), and the pooled estimate of proportions of participants referred to genetic testing was 12% (CI, 4% to 23%).

CONCLUSION

Our review found that electronic FCH collection can be completed successfully by patients in a time-efficient manner with high rates of satisfaction.
The Sound ofLaïcité
Authors: Dell Jeremy
Published: July 2021

Sound control policies already had a long history in the French-controlled settlements of the Senegalese coast by the time the prefect of Dakar issued a decree in 1953 prohibiting the use of loudspeakers on public roads and in the open-air courtyards of private residences. Such policies aimed at silencing the nighttime recitation of poems known in the Wolof language of Senegambia as xasida (and referred to by French administrators as chants religieux). Derived from the Arabic term for “ode” (qaṣīda), such poems formed a key component of the liturgy of Senegal's expanding Sufi orders. In this same period, the first Senegalese-owned printing presses began disseminating xasida in printed form more widely than ever, and at times against the wishes of the leadership of the Muridiyya, one of Senegal's leading sufi orders. By highlighting the intertwined nature of print, public recitation, and sound control in midcentury Senegal, this article seeks to illuminate the institutional and political contexts that shaped the production and reception of specific genres of Islamic scholarship in the late colonial period.
Public Religion after Genocide
Authors: Grant Andrea Mariko
Published: July 2021

This article explores Pentecostal sounds and voice in postgenocide Rwanda. It centers on the question of why gospel singers were criticized for crossing over into “secular” music after beginning their careers in the church. Joining scholarship that examines the relationship between media and religion, it suggests that in Rwanda debates about the kind of music Pentecostal artists should perform must be contextualized in relation to (1) a Pentecostal “theology of sound,” or the belief that particular music and sound practices bring individuals closer to God; and (2) changes within Rwanda's postgenocide media landscape. The liberalization of the media in 2002, coupled with advances in recording technology, created new possibilities for Pentecostals to become individual “gospel stars,” as opposed to choir members, in ways that they had been unable to before, prompting debates about the nature of the postgenocide Pentecostal voice itself. These debates are considered alongside Pentecostal radio, and within a wider context in which the Rwandan government has become increasingly concerned with policing “noise pollution.” Paying closer attention to the materialities of sound and voice helps us trace the specific ways in which Pentecostalism attempts to “go public” and the kind of public it calls into being.
The Sovereign and the Sensible
Authors: Gahan Jairan
Published: July 2021

This article investigates the history of the formation of the red-light district of Tehran in 1922, to tackle larger questions about the genealogy of the constitutional Islamic state in Iran in the twentieth century. Through an engagement with the Islamic local campaign against prostitution and the state's subsequent sovereign decision to form the district, this article demonstrates how Islamic public sensibilities moved to the forefront of analytics of governance, under postconstitutional state formations (1911–). This revisionist narrative remaps the force of religion in Tehran, a city that is so often glossed as a case of state-oriented top-down secularization and subsequent Islamization in the twentieth century. The aim is not to question the process of secularization or to render it incomplete, but to demonstrate how secularism in Iran negotiated and consolidated a particular relationship between Islam and sovereign modern rule. As such, this work reads the history of the district against the grain of the grand narrative of the Islamic Revolution's (1979) moment of rupture to trace the genealogical roots of moral governance in the Islamic Republic today, within the postconstitutional state formations in the early twentieth century.
Of Horizontal Exchanges and Inter-Islamic Inquiries
Authors: Lhost Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

In 1924, the government of Afghanistan wrote to the Jam‘iyat ‘Ulama-yi Hind looking for legal justifications to support Emir Aman Allah Khan's (r. 1919–29) proposed reforms—particularly those relating to female education. Known for securing Afghanistan's independence from the British, and now recognized as a pioneering modernizer and renegade constitutional monarch, Aman Allah introduced a series of reforms during his reign that Faiz Ahmed has recently characterized as “a burgeoning model of Islamic legal modernism.” Yet the story of Afghanistan's experiments with Islamic legal modernism are greater and extend beyond the history of a single state. Taking the above claim about Afghanistan seriously, and in response to Ahmed's Afghanistan Rising this essay offers a close reading of the exchange between Kabul and Delhi to interrogate ideas about Islamic legal reform, Islamic modernity, and inter-Islamic circulations at the time of waning empires and rising nation-states.
NaNuTrap: a technique for in vivo cell nucleus labelling using nanobodies
Authors: Ákos Zsuzsa , Dunipace Leslie , Stathopoulos Angelike
Published: July 2021

In vivo cell labelling is challenging in fast developmental processes because many cell types differentiate more quickly than the maturation time of fluorescent proteins, making visualization of these tissues impossible with standard techniques. Here, we present a nanobody-based method, Nanobody Nuclear Trap (NaNuTrap), which works with the existing Gal4/UAS system in Drosophila and allows for early in vivo cell nuclei labelling independently of the maturation time of the fluorescent protein. This restores the utility of fluorescent proteins that have longer maturation times, such as those used in two-photon imaging, for live imaging of fast or very early developmental processes. We also present a more general application of this system, whereby NaNuTrap can convert cytoplasmic GFP expressed in any existing transgenic fly line into a nuclear label. This nuclear re-localization of the fluorescent signal can improve the utility of the GFP label, e.g. in cell counting, as well as resulting in a general increase in intensity of the live fluorescent signal. We demonstrate these capabilities of NaNuTrap by effectively tracking subsets of cells during the fast movements associated with gastrulation.
An interview with Jamie Davies
Authors: Grewal Seema
Published: July 2021

Jamie Davies is Professor of Experimental Anatomy at the University of Edinburgh. Spanning the fields of developmental biology, tissue engineering and synthetic biology, his research aims to understand the mechanisms by which cells organise themselves into tissues, focussing on the kidney. In addition to his research, Jamie is involved in science communication and public engagement, having written several books for specialist and non-specialist readers, and having given numerous public lectures and broadcasts. In April 2021, Jamie was awarded the inaugural Wolpert Medal from the British Society for Developmental Biology (BSDB), which is presented to outstanding developmental biologists who have made a significant contribution to teaching and communicating developmental biology in the UK. We spoke to Jamie to ask him about his cross-disciplinary research interests, his thoughts on public engagement and his advice for young researchers.
Temporal vision: measures, mechanisms and meaning
Authors: Donner Kristian
Published: July 2021

Time is largely a hidden variable in vision. It is the condition for seeing interesting things such as spatial forms and patterns, colours and movements in the external world, and yet is not meant to be noticed in itself. Temporal aspects of visual processing have received comparatively little attention in research. Temporal properties have been made explicit mainly in measurements of resolution and integration in simple tasks such as detection of spatially homogeneous flicker or light pulses of varying duration. Only through a mechanistic understanding of their basis in retinal photoreceptors and circuits can such measures guide modelling of natural vision in different species and illuminate functional and evolutionary trade-offs. Temporal vision research would benefit from bridging traditions that speak different languages. Towards that goal, I here review studies from the fields of human psychophysics, retinal physiology and neuroethology, with a focus on fundamental constraints set by early vision.
Nomenclature for groin pain in athletes
Authors: Dempsey Philip J , Power Jack W , MacMahon Peter J , Eustace Steven , Kavanagh Eoin C
Published: July 2021

Currently, there is much variation in the terminology used to describe groin pain in athletes. Several groups have attempted to reach consensus on nomenclature in this area. This article outlines the current status of groin pain nomenclature for the radiologist, highlighting inherent heterogeneity, recent attempts to reach a consensus, the need for a radiological consensus and why imprecise terminology should be avoided when reporting.
Concordance between PCR-based extraction-free saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 testing
Authors: De Santi Chiara , Jacob Benson , Kroich Patricia , Doyle Sean , Ward Rebecca , Li Brian , Donnelly Owain , Dykes Amy , Neelakant Trisha , Neary David , McGuinness Ross , Cafferkey Jacqueline , Ryan Kieran , Quadu Veronica , McGrogan Killian , Garcia Leon Alejandro , Mallon Patrick , Fitzpatrick Fidelma , Humphreys Hilary , De Barra Eoghan , Kerrigan Steve W. , Cavalleri Gianpiero L.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Saliva represents a less invasive alternative to nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection. SalivaDirect is a nucleic acid extraction-free method for detecting SARS-CoV2 in saliva specimens. Studies evaluating the concordance of gold standard NPS and newly developed SalivaDirect protocols are limited. The aim of our study was to to assess SalivaDirect as an alternative method for COVID-19 testing.

Methods: Matching NPS and saliva samples were analysed from a cohort of symptomatic (n=127) and asymptomatic (n=181) participants recruited from hospital and university settings, respectively. RNA was extracted from NPS while saliva samples were subjected to the SalivaDirect protocol before RT-qPCR analysis. The presence of SARS-Cov-2 was assessed using RdRP and N1 gene targets in NPS and saliva, respectively.

Results: Overall we observed 94.3% sensitivity (95% CI 87.2-97.5%), and 95.9% specificity (95% CI 92.4-97.8%) in saliva when compared to matching NPS samples. Analysis of concordance demonstrated 95.5% accuracy overall for the saliva test relative to NPS, and a very high level of agreement (κ coefficient = 0.889, 95% CI 0.833–0.946) between the two sets of specimens. Fourteen of 308 samples were discordant, all from symptomatic patients. Ct values were >30 in 13/14 and >35 in 6/14 samples. No significant difference was found in the Ct values of matching NPS and saliva sample (p=0.860). A highly significant correlation (r = 0.475, p<0.0001) was also found between the Ct values of the concordant positive saliva and NPS specimens.

Conclusions: Use of saliva processed according to the SalivaDirect protocol represents a valid method to detect SARS-CoV-2. Accurate and less invasive saliva screening is an attractive alternative to current testing methods based on NPS and would afford greater capacity to test asymptomatic populations especially in the context of frequent testing.
Threat, Fear, and Persuasion: Review and Critique of Questions About Functional Form
Authors: Shen Lijiang , Dillard James Price
Published: July 2021

Theories of threat appeals have been rightly concerned with the form of the relationship between fear and persuasion: Linear or curvilinear. They have not, however, clearly distinguished the question as a between- or within-persons phenomenon. In fact, the literature often treats these two perspectives as if they were interchangeable. We show that between- versus within-person questions about functional form are distinct from one another. Previous research, which is the product of between-persons designs, shows a linear relationship between fear and persuasion. Betweenpersons studies cannot address the question of how changes in fear over time produce persuasion. Consequently, a major piece of the fear appeals-persuasion puzzle may have been overlooked. Reanalysis of an existing data set shows curvilinearity of fear in within-persons data and demonstrates that the curve predicts persuasion. Audience segmentation reveals different curves for different groups as well as differential associations between those curves and persuasion. Overall, the argument and the empirical results suggest that a great deal less is known about fear appeals than it is currently believed.
Synthesizing a Working Definition of “Mass” Media
Authors:   University of California, Santa Barbara, Potter W. James
Published: July 2021

Media scholars as well as the public frequently use the terms “mass communication” and “mass media”, but the meaning of these terms is often ambiguous. While it is assumed that everyone knows what these terms mean, the few scholars who attempt to define these terms struggle to capture the essence of their meaning without including elements that are faulty, and this task is becoming even more difficult in the new media environment. We are left with the troubling question: What are the “mass” media? This review constructs an answer to this question in a four step process. The first step features a critical analysis of the literature to identify definitional elements used by scholars. These definitional elements are subjected to four screens that evaluate their utility in a second step. The third step adds elements missing from the literature so as to make the eventual definition more useful in the new media environment. Finally, the fourth step features the construction of a working definition of “mass” media.
Thymoma and Tuberculoma: Unexpected Coexistence
Authors: Grilo Novais Antonio , Pinho Santos Diana , Conceição Mariana , Cunha Sara , Capelo Joana , Crespo Pedro , Carvalho Lina
Published: July 2021

Mediastinal tumours can be incidental findings on chest x-ray or present with systemic symptoms and/or direct effect of the mediastinal mass. We report the case of a woman with symptomatic thymoma B1 and simultaneous thymus tuberculosis.
VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL E ANÁLISE MULTIVARIADA DOS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS DO SOLO EM UMA MICROBACIA DO RIO PANDEIROS
Authors: Alves Pablo Fernando Santos , Kondo Marcos Koiti , Ferreira Verônica Godinho , Silva Renato Fernandes , Guerra João Victor Santos
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O levantamento dos atributos físicos do solo e do relevo é primordial para o monitoramento das modificações ambientais decorrentes das ações antrópicas. Objetivos: Objetivou-se caracterizar os atributos físicos do solo em uma microbacia do rio Pandeiros, Várzea Bonita, distrito de Januária-MG, determinando a variabilidade espacial das estimativas desses atributos e analisar de forma multivariada quais atributos refletem a variância na área considerada. Métodos: Foram amostrados vinte e cinco pontos georreferenciados de solo, sendo caracterizados os atributos físicos e o relevo. Resultados: O mapeamento do solo na microbacia em estudo indicou dependência espacial para a maioria dos atributos físicos do solo, com exceção da condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado. A análise multivariada dos atributos físicos do solo baseada nos componentes principais explicou 95,72% da variabilidade dos dados na microbacia, possibilitando delimitar os atributos mais sensíveis no monitoramento das modificações ocorridas no solo. Conclusão: Os teores de areia média, areia fina e areia muito fina são os atributos que mais refletem as modificações ocorridas no solo.
A GEOGRAFIA NA BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR (BNCC): PERCURSOS E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Pinheiro Isadora , Sanches Lopes Claudivan
Published: July 2021

Introdução: A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) é um documento de caráter normativo, produzido pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC), que define o conjunto orgânico e progressivo de aprendizagens essenciais que todos os alunos devem desenvolver ao longo das diversas etapas e modalidades da Educação Básica. Ao ser promulgada, a BNCC da Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental (EI/EF) se tornou a referência nacional para a constituição dos currículos do país. Objetivo: Considerando a importância deste documento para a educação brasileira e para a Geografia, a presente pesquisa buscou discutir a entrada da Geografia escolar no Brasil, a importância do componente curricular nos currículos escolares e, principalmente, sua presença na BNCC. Dessa forma, buscou-se compreender os possíveis impactos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da Geografia e as implicações para a formação do professor dessa área do currículo escolar. Métodos: O estudo seguiu os métodos da pesquisa qualitativa, com especial utilização da análise de conteúdo, elegendo como fonte fundamental de pesquisa a análise de leis e documentos – especialmente o texto da BNCC EI/EF. Resultados: A partir da análise do documento, verificou-se que ele trará uma unificação dos conteúdos a nível nacional, entretanto, foram encontrados diversos retrocessos que incluem desde a explicação incompleta dos conceitos geográficos até uma escassa referência ao trabalho de campo da Geografia. Conclusão: Considerando tais elementos, este artigo almeja contribuir para a melhoria do processo formativo e da prática pedagógica dos professores de Geografia, apontando as mudanças e/ou desafios que enfrentarão na promoção da educação geográfica a partir da implantação da BNCC EI/EF.
PLANEJAMENTO E GESTÃO DO TURISMO DURANTE A COVID-19 NAS REGIÕES TURÍSTICAS DE BELÉM E CAMPOS DO MARAJÓ
Authors: Chaves Ágila Flaviana Alves , Farias Kássia Suelen Da Silva , Tavares Maria Goretti Da Costa , Castro Milene de Cássia Santos de
Published: July 2021

O quadro pandêmico instalado nas inúmeras regiões do planeta teve impactos significativos na atividade turística mundial. Neste artigo serão analisadas 02 regiões turísticas: a Região Turística de Belém e a Região Turística dos Campos do Marajó.  O objetivo será a análise do planejamento e a gestão do turismo mediante a implementação de medidas sanitárias, de distanciamento social e demais políticas mitigadoras dos impactos da pandemia da covid-19 e sua aplicabilidade nas realidades dos municípios Belém, Soure e Salvaterra, representativos para as duas regiões turísticas. A pesquisa foi de natureza qualitativa, com revisão bibliográfica e documental dos instrumentos de gestão criados em 2020, tanto em nível federal quanto em nível estadual e municipal. Realizou-se a análise documental de leis, planos e decretos federais e das prefeituras de Belém, Soure e Salvaterra, afim de mitigar os impactos socioeconômicos da covid-19 nas atividades turísticas. Por fim, realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas via plataforma Google Meet com representantes do poder público, ligados ao planejamento e gestão das regiões turísticas de Belém e Campos do Marajó; e com representantes de entidades da Sociedade Civil Organizada, principalmente aqueles ligados ao mercado. A partir da análise das medidas sanitárias de restrição à circulação de pessoas e ao transporte; das entrevistas realizadas com representantes de organizações do trade turístico e representantes dos órgãos públicos estaduais e municipais e da análise das principais estratégias pensadas para o período pós-pandemia da covid-19, aponta-se que a pandemia impactou de forma significativa no setor do turismo durante o ano de 2020.
COVID-19, TRANSPORTE AÉREO E TURISMO EM MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: Guambe José Júlio Júnior , Silva José Julião da , Victor Ringo Benjamim , Azevedo Hélsio Amiro Motany de Albuquerque , Chundo Dário Manuel Isidoro , Gerente Bianca Jaime
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo tem como objectivo analisar o impacto do Covid-19 no sector de Turismo, com incidência para o papel dos transportes aéreos nesse processo. O espaço escolhido para a análise é Moçambique, um país em desenvolvimento, situado na África Austral de onde se elegeu um recorte espacial constituído pelos municípios de Maputo, Inhambane, Vilanculos e Pemba. Para o alcance do objectivo proposto, a opção foi por uma metodologia mista quali-quantitativa, multi-escalar, tendo-se recorrido, para a recolha de dados a revisão bibliográfica e documental e a entrevista, segundo um guião elaborado para o efeito. Os resultados do estudo revelam que o sector de turismo foi muito afectado pela pandemia, tanto de forma directa, com uma redução drástica do número de visitantes como consequência directa da pandemia, mas e sobretudo pela redução do número de voos por decisão, tanto dos países emissores como, mais tarde pelas autoridades de Moçambique. Ora, reduzindo, ao mínimo as possibilidades de movimentação internacional e nacional, os empreendimentos turísticos (alojamento e restaurantes) vêem desaparecer a sua principal fonte de renda. Assim, assistiu-se ao encerramento ou a redução de actividades de muitos empreendimentos com impactos, económicos e sociais negativos percebidos por todos os actores ou agentes do turismo.
How care communities can embrace an inclusive approach to combatting loneliness
Authors: Amos Lin
Published: July 2021

Loneliness is a debilitating feeling and can affect anyone of any age. However, with the number of older people in England on the rise ( Age UK, 2018 ), as well as a dramatic increase in the number of people with dementia, it is a growing issue among some of the most vulnerable members of our communities.
C. Norbano (cos. 83 a.C.) en Sicilia. Una nota
Authors: Amela Valverde Luis
Published: July 2021

C. Norbano (cos. 83 a.C.) fue uno de los políticos más destacados de la factio popularis de finales del siglo II e inicios del siglo I a.C. En el siguiente trabajo pretendemos abordar el gobierno de este personaje en la isla de Sicilia durante la primera mitad de la década de los años 80s del siglo I a.C. Abordamos la cronología de su gobernación, su mención en un miliario, su actividad militar durante estos años y su mención en un epígrafe de Rhegium.
La revolución residencial de la periferia obrera en Barcelona, 1939-1980: Nou Barris como estudio de caso
Authors: Oyón José Luis , Guàrdia Manel , Rosselló Nicolau Maribel Maria Isabel , Falagán David H. , Roger Goncé Joan
Published: July 2021

El artículo forma parte de un proyecto más amplio que pretende resaltar que la revolución de la vivienda del segundo franquismo no fue solo una revolución de las formas urbanas, de brusco cambio en las formas de ocupación de la vivienda y en el tipo de familia, de radical renovación del equipamiento doméstico, sino también una revolución de la propiedad de la casa. Esta última revolución tuvo en los barrios obreros de la periferia barcelonesa y de las grandes ciudades españolas su auténtico caballo de Troya y constituyó una auténtica excepcionalidad a nivel europeo.
(Des)encuentros de Chicago: ecología humana y morfología social en la perspectiva de Maurice Halbwachs
Authors: Martínez Gutiérrez Emilio Martín
Published: July 2021

Distintos autores en el campo de los estudios urbanos y demográficos han planteado una correspondencia analítica y temática entre la ecología humana de la escuela de Chicago y la morfología social de la escuela durkheimiana. A partir de la estancia del sociólogo francés Maurice Halbwachs en el Departamento de Sociología de Chicago en el otoño de 1930 se aborda el alcance del intercambio de perspectivas analíticas, la reciprocidad y las divergencias existentes entre ambos modos de considerar los procesos urbanos. Se trata de un estudio teórico basado en textos y documentos con el fin de ponderar el valor de esta recepción y si acaso impactó en la conceptualización subsiguiente de los procesos socio-espaciales, en sus maneras de trabajar y en la construcción disciplinar
Sociogénesis del polígono de Jinámar (1967-1987). La producción paralela de espacios de exclusión y espacios turísticos en un contexto atlántico insular (Gran Canaria)
Authors: González Ramírez Federico Eduardo
Published: July 2021

El Polígono de Jinámar es el epílogo de las planificaciones públicas para la vivienda social en Gran Canaria (Canarias), entre el último franquismo en que se adquiere el suelo (1967) hasta su primer poblamiento (1980), ya en democracia. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la producción planificada de una categoría de desigualdad, derivada del urbanismo, en un contexto atlántico insular, mediante un proceso de segregación de clase obrera, sin vinculación orgánica con las ciudades precedentes, por la complicidad institucional con la élite propietaria, en un contexto de búsqueda de financiación para la producción paralela del espacio turístico de Maspalomas Costa Canaria. Esta investigación muestra cómo la condición de sus vecinos como primeros expulsados aislados de la ciudad insular supone su deslizamiento hacia una polipatología carencial, derivada del abandono institucional planificado, en un proceso de guetización que permite vincularlo con la violencia estructural masiva de los espacios globales de exclusión.