bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEKTI TRENAŽNOG PROGRAMA “STREET” PLESOVA NA TELESNU KOMPOZICIJU KOD STUDENTKINJA
Authors: Stošić Dejan , Uzunović Slavoljub
Published: January 2023

Cilj ovog istraživanje bio je da se utvrde efekti desetonedeljnog trenažnog programa ”Street” plesova na telesnu kompoziciju kod studentkinja. Uzorak je sačinjavalo 54 ispitanica uzrasta od 19 do 24 godine. Ispitanice su bile podeljene na eksperimentalnu grupu (n=27) koja je primenjivala trenažni program i kontrolnu grupu (n=27). Eksperimentalna grupa je primenjivala desetonedeljni plesni program “Street” plesova (Hip Hop i Dancehall) tri puta nedeljno po 90 min. Kontrolna grupa nije imala nikakve organizovane vidove fizičke aktivnosti osim svakodnevnih aktivnosti. Telesna kompozicija ispitanica je procenjena metodom bioimpedance uz pomoć aparata InBody 770 pre i posle završetka trenažnog programa. Procenjivani su sledeći parametri: masna masa celog tela (BF%); masna masa gornjih ekstremiteta (BF% Upper); masna masa donjih ekstremiteta (BF% Lower); skeletna mišićna masa celog tela (SMMAPS); bezmasna masa gornjih ekstremiteta (FFM Upper); bezmasna masa donjih ekstremiteta (FFM Lower). Rezultati na kraju trenažnog programa su pokazali da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u telesnoj kompoziciji između eksperimentalne i kontrolne grupe. Iako razlike nisu statistički značajne, eksperimentalna grupa je postigla bolje rezultate na svim testovima procene telesne kompozicije, odnosno postoje numeričke razlike u primenjenim varijablama u korist eksperimentalne grupe. Zaključuje se da trenažni program “Street” plesova u trajanju od deset nedelja nije efikasan u poboljšanju telesne kompozicije kod studentkinja.
EFEKTI OBIMA TRENINGA U ZAVRŠNOM VREMENU TRKE I NEUROMUSKULARNA FUNKCIJA KOD ULTRA TRAIL TRKAČA
Authors: López-García Guillermo , Castellar-Otín Carlos , Peñarrubia-Lozano Carlos , Ortega-Zayas Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2023

Sve veći status ultra-trail trka zbog porasta broja trka i učesnika na ovakvim manifestacijama privukao je pažnju i interesovanje naučne zajednice. Ovo istraživanje je sprovedeno u ultra-trail trci (108km udaljenosti i 5800m akumulirane strmine). Učesnici su bili podijeljeni na takmičare amaterskog nivoa (n=10; 43,30±4,52 godina) ili takmičare naprednog nivoa (n=10; 41,40±6,19 godina). Neuromuskularni odgovor (skok iz čučnja, skok iz čučnja s pripremom i Abalakov skok) je ocjenjivan prije i nakon trke. Prije trke svim učesnicima je dodijeljen upitnik kako bi se utvrdilo iskustvo, bazalni parametri i obim treninga. Cilj ovog istraživanja je a) da se utvrdi uticaj obima treninga izraženog u satima sedmično (HS) i porast visine (D) u finalnom vremenu trke; b) da se utvrdi uticaj obima treninga na gubitak snage donjeg dijela tijela nakon ultra-trail trke. Utvrđujemo hipotezu da oni trkači koji imaju manji obim treninga provode duže vremena u završetku trke i da imaju veći gubitak snage donjeg dijela tijela. Finalno vrijeme trke i gubitak snage donjeg dijela tijela bili su manji u grupi visokog nivoa. Iako nisu pronađeni značajni rezultati (p0,05).
INFLUENCE OF HIGH INTENSIVE INTERVAL TRAINING ON STUDENTS
Authors: Muminović Jovana , Pržulj Radomir , Jovanović Rade
Published: January 2023

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) appeared as a replacement for long-term exercise programs, primarily continuous aerobic exercise in adults, while in adolescents it represents a more natural way of exercise, unlike traditional moderate-intensity exercise. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the impact of high-intensity interval training in elementary school students, based on the collected data and analyzed research. The literature search was performed using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, DOAJ, MEDLINE. After a detailed analysis, 11 studies met the set criteria and were included in the systematic review. The results indicate that HIIT for a duration of 12 weeks gives statistically significant results in reducing body weight and visceral fat, lowering arterial blood pressure, reducing BMI and increasing VO2max and improving fitness parameters of children. HIIT is an effective way of improving various fitness parameters and health conditions in a school population, with our review research indicating significant improvements in body composition parameters, fitness parameters as well as cardiovascular disease compared to a non-exercising control group.
EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AND MENTAL HEALTH: A MUSCLE - BRAIN CONNECTION
Authors: Carrasco Páez Luis , Martínez-Díaz Inmaculada
Published: January 2023

During the last decades, the benefits of regular exercise for brain health, particularly for cognition and mental health, have been well-reported by both observational and experimental human studies. Although many of these studies were focused on the effects of chronic exercise in cognitively impaired subjects, recent investigations have highlighted the role of exercise in improving cognitive abilities and preventing the decline of cognition across the lifespan in healthy individuals. On the other hand, significant evidence exists to suggest that exercise programs can improve treatment outcomes for different mental disorders, especially those that affect mood. However, the mechanisms of acute and chronic exerciseimproved brain function are still not completely known. In this context, it is important to consider that exercise induces muscle responses and adaptations that affect remote tissues. Like other secretory cells, myocytes produce cytokines and other peptides called myokines which exert an autocrine function in regulating muscle metabolism as well as a paracrine/endocrine regulatory function on distant organs, such as the gut, liver, and brain. Thus, the aim of this manuscript is to reinforce the potential of exercise as a useful tool to improve cognitive functioning and mental health and how muscle-brain crosstalk could play a key role in these exercise-related benefits.
The “Cruel Absurdity” of Human Violence and Its Consequences. A Vegan Studies Analysis of a Pandemic Novel
Authors: Murray Jessica
Published: January 2023

This article teases out what a Vegan Studies theoretical framework can offer a literary analysis of a selected pandemic novel, “The Fell” (2021), by Sarah Moss. Pandemic fiction accommodates texts from a wide range of genres, and these types of literary texts have seen a resurgence in the wake of the spread of the corona virus. While literary engagements with pandemics have often been relegated to the realms of dystopian science fiction, our current realities have shifted to such an extent that they can now comfortably be read alongside more realistic fictional representations of contemporary societies. The causal relationships between anthropocentric abuse of the environment in general and of animals in particular, and pandemics have been energetically contested in the media and in scholarly disciplinary fields ranging from Virology to Critical Animal Studies. The argument that I will develop is that Vegan Studies is a theoretical rubric with unique and salient generative capacity and that it allows for the emergence of fresh and necessary insights when we start unpacking how to make sense of pandemics through fiction. I will use Moss’s novel to anchor and illustrate my argument in favour of the value of Vegan Studies in these discussions.
Ecosocial Autonomy as an Educational Ideal
Authors: Pulkki Jani , Keto Sami
Published: January 2023

Autonomy – or rational self-control – is not only fashionable as an educational ideal, but also in present-day economics, ethics, and society in general. However, the concept of traditional autonomy is problematic because it privileges humans and treats the rest of nature primarily as resources fit only for human exploitation. This anthropocentrism has led human beings to see themselves as superior to nature and separate. Ecosocial autonomy is an attempt to redress the balance, by contextualising autonomy so it incorporates the idea of self-control, while taking into account the impact of humankind on our surrounding ecosystems. Our formulation of ecosocial autonomy is an extension of relational autonomy – based mainly on ecological, ecosocial, and ecofeminist ideas. Ecosocial autonomy is thus contextualized within a multispecies society which includes our interdependencies with other living creatures. Whereas the individualist idea of autonomy suggests a human being owes nothing to society, ecosocial autonomy acknowledges the need to cultivate aspects of self-sufficiency that combine reason, emotional maturity, and will. A competitive society presupposes individual autonomy and the need to defend oneself. Ecosocial autonomy advocates a form of social interaction that diverts the human energy misspent on individual competition to mutually beneficial collaboration.
Guimarães Rosa: dimensões da narrativa
Authors: Leonel Maria Célia , Nascimento Edna Maria F. S.
Published: January 2023

Os onze ensaios aqui reunidos agrupam-se em duas partes: “Estudos comparativos” e “Aspectos da narrativa rosiana”. A primeira tem como eixos a relação entre narrativas de Guimarães Rosa e escritos literários de outros autores e a relação entre elas e produções cinematográficas que traduzem para outra linguagem o universo do escritor mineiro. Os estudos da segunda parte – além de sugerirem um possível caminho para a construção de uma poética rosiana a partir de juízos do próprio escritor, sobretudo acerca da literatura e de sua relação com a língua, em escritos não literários e também literários – demonstram como, na construção da narrativa rosiana, é explorada a relação entre som e sentido, analisam como o autor trata as paixões humanas que desafiam os padrões impostos pela razão e salientam a antropomorfização da natureza como componente erótico. As autoras, com esta publicação, almejam contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da obra de Guimarães Rosa e suscitar reflexões, pois, como ele escreveu em Grande sertão: veredas, “Vivendo, se aprende; mas o que se aprende, mais, é só a fazer outras maiores perguntas”.
Introdução à filosofia de Bergson
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo César
Published: January 2023

A proposta de tocar vez a vez em temas percorridos ao longo dos livros de Bergson, cercando de perto os pontos essenciais das análises a que os temas foram submetidos, se mostra muito acertada. Ela permite ao leitor acompanhar o movimento em espiral que gira em torno do mesmo fenômeno, a temporalidade, segundo contextos diversos de sua manifestação, e o aprofunda, aproximando-se do que é em última instância um núcleo inefável. Trata-se de seguir as consequências, filosóficas e vitais, da redescoberta do tempo como duração, isto é, do ininterrupto “advento de novidade” que é o real e que, por isso mesmo, garante a dimensão de contingência e imprevisibilidade do futuro. Pensar em duração consiste, portanto, num modo especial de fazer filosofia, cuja potência crítica e positiva ainda está por ser explorada. Encontramos, no livro em mãos, uma excelente apresentação do filósofo, cuja função, preparada com cuidado e dedicação, será certamente cumprida, projetando mais e melhores leitores dessa obra tão essencial.
3D Masked Modelling Advances Lesion Classification in Axial T2w Prostate MRI
Authors: Fernandez-Quilez Alvaro , Gabrielsen Andersen Christoffer , Eftestøl Trygve , Kjosavik Svein Reidar , Oppedal Ketil
Published: January 2023

Masked Image Modelling (MIM) has been shown to be an efficient self-supervised learning (SSL) pre-training paradigm when paired with transformer architectures and in the presence of a large amount of unlabelled natural images. The combination of the difficulties in accessing and obtaining large amounts of labeled data and the availability of unlabelled data in the medical imaging domain makes MIM an interesting approach to advance deep learning (DL) applications based on 3D medical imaging data. Nevertheless, SSL and, in particular, MIM applications with medical imaging data are rather scarce and there is still uncertainty around the potential of such a learning paradigm in the medical domain. We study MIM in the context of Prostate Cancer (PCa) lesion classification with T2 weighted (T2w) axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. In particular, we explore the effect of using MIM when coupled with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) under different conditions such as different masking strategies, obtaining better results in terms of AUC than other pre-training strategies like ImageNet weight initialization.
Dense FixMatch: a simple semi-supervised learning method for pixel-wise prediction tasks
Authors: Martí i Rabadán Miquel , Pieropan Alessandro , Azizpour Hossein , Maki Atsuto
Published: January 2023

We propose Dense FixMatch, a simple method for online semi-supervised learning of dense and structured prediction tasks combining pseudo-labeling and consistency regularization via strong data augmentation. We enable the application of FixMatch in semi-supervised learning problems beyond image classification by adding a matching operation on the pseudo-labels. This allows us to still use the full strength of data augmentation pipelines, including geometric transformations. We evaluate it on semi-supervised semantic segmentation on Cityscapes and Pascal VOC with different percentages of labeled data and ablate design choices and hyper-parameters. Dense FixMatch significantly improves results compared to supervised learning using only labeled data, approaching its performance with 1/4 of the labeled samples.
RIDDLE: Rule Induction with Deep Learning
Authors: Persia Cosimo , Guimarães Ricardo
Published: January 2023

Numerous applications rely on the efficiency of Deep Learning models to address complex classification tasks for critical decisions-making. However, we may not know how each feature in these models contributes towards the prediction. In contrast, Rule Induction algorithms provide an interpretable way to extract patterns from data, but traditional approaches suffer in terms of scalability. In this work, we bridge Deep Learning and Rule Induction and define the RIDDLE (Rule Induction with Deep Learning) architecture. We show that RIDDLE has state-of-the-art performance in Rule Induction via an empirical evaluation.
Improving Wind Speed Uncertainty Forecasts Using Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Backes Juri , Renz Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

For integration of growing amounts of volatile renewable energy in the European electricity system, reliable weather prognosis gains importance. But, depending on weather conditions, forecast reliability of wind speed for predicting wind power can vary drastically with time. Thus, relevance of risk-aware system operation strategies is increasing based on wind speed uncertainty a measure of which is provided by the standard deviations of ensemble forecasts of the German Weather Service. However, lacking validity of this measure is known as a long-standing problem.Therefore, this work investigates how machine learning based on a suitably selected set of physical quantities of weather ensemble data as well as historic wind data allows for a more realistic uncertainty quantification. A recurrent neural network (RNN) based sequence-to-sequence architecture is implemented and probabilistic wind speed forecasts are generated for a region in northern Germany.The results are evaluated and compared with the forecasts of the German Weather Service thereby revealing improved validity of such deep-learning based uncertainty measures.
Interactive Scribble Segmentation
Authors: Lowes Mathias Micheelsen , Christensen Jakob L. , Hansen Bjørn Schreblowski , Hannemose Morten Rieger , Dahl Anders Bjorholm , Dahl Vedrana
Published: January 2023

We present a deep learning model for image segmentation that uses weakly supervised inputs consisting of scribbles. A user can draw scribbles on an image with a brush tool corresponding to the labels they want segmented. The network can segment images in real time while scribbles are being drawn, giving instant feedback to the user. It is easy to correct mistakes made by the network, as more scribbles can be added. During training we use a similar psuedo-interactive and iterative setup to make sure that the network is optimized towards the human-in-the-loop inference setting. On the contrary, standard scribble segmentation methods do not consider the training of the algorithm as an interactive setting and thus are not suited for interactive inference. Our model is class-agnostic and we are able to generalize across many different data modalities. We compare our model with other weakly supervised methods such as bounding box and extrema point methods, and we show our model achieves a better mean DICE score.
Measuring Adversarial Robustness using a Voronoi-Epsilon Adversary
Authors: Kim Hyeongji , Parviainen Pekka , Malde Ketil
Published: January 2023

Previous studies on robustness have argued that there is a tradeoff between accuracy and adversarial accuracy. The tradeoff can be inevitable even when we neglect generalization. We argue that the tradeoff is inherent to the commonly used definition of adversarial accuracy, which uses an adversary that can construct adversarial points constrained by $\epsilon$-balls around data points. As $\epsilon$ gets large, the adversary may use real data points from other classes as adversarial examples. We propose a Voronoi-epsilon adversary which is constrained both by Voronoi cells and by $\epsilon$-balls. This adversary balances two notions of perturbation. As a result, adversarial accuracy based on this adversary avoids a tradeoff between accuracy and adversarial accuracy on training data even when $\epsilon$ is large. Finally, we show that a nearest neighbor classifier is the maximally robust classifier against the proposed adversary on the training data.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, osteoimmunology and orthopedic diseases
Authors: Ma Maoxiao , Cui Guofeng , Liu Youwen , Tang Yanfeng , Lu Xiaoshuai , Yue Chen , Zhang Xue
Published: January 2023

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in tissue healing and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation properties. MSCs exert their therapeutic effects mainly via the paracrine pathway, which involves the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs have a high drug loading capacity and can transport various molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, that can modify the course of diverse diseases. Due to their ability to maintain the therapeutic effects of their parent cells, MSC-derived EVs have emerged as a promising, safe cell-free treatment approach for tissue regeneration. With advances in inflammation research and emergence of the field of osteoimmunology, evidence has accumulated pointing to the role of inflammatory and osteoimmunological processes in the occurrence and progression of orthopedic diseases. Several studies have shown that MSC-derived EVs participate in bone regeneration and the pathophysiology of orthopedic diseases by regulating the inflammatory environment, enhancing angiogenesis, and promoting the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the application and functions of MSC-derived EVs as potential therapies against orthopedic diseases, including osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoporosis and osteonecrosis.
Body mass index and the risk of basal cell carcinoma: evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Lu Likui , Wan Bangbei , Zeng Hongtao , Guo Jun , Li Min , Sun Miao
Published: January 2023

Objective

We aim to test whether body mass index (BMI) is causally associated with the risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with four BMI-related traits were screened via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 681,275, 336,107, 454,884, and 461,460 European-descent individuals, respectively. Summary-level data for BCC (17,416 cases and 375,455 controls) were extracted from UK Biobank. An inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary MR analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted via MR-Egger regression, heterogeneity test, pleiotropy test, and leave-one-out sensitivity test. The assumption that exposure causes outcome was verified using the MR Steiger test. Meta-analysis was also used to estimate the average genetically predicted effect of BMI on BCC.

Results

Two-sample MR analysis showed inverse associations between genetically predicted BMI and BCC risk. Moreover, when exposure and outcome were switched to see if reverse causation was possible, there was no evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship from BCC to BMI. Finally, the meta-analysis also showed a strong negative causal relationship between BMI and BCC.

Conclusion

Genetical predicted higher BMI were associated with lower BCC risk. Further research is required to comprehend the mechanisms underlying this putative causative association.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Community Involvement Program of Education and Nursing Students
Authors: Tomas Maria Anita
Published: January 2023

The college department conducted this research study to evaluate the effectiveness of the community involvement program (CIP) in terms of health, literacy, and numeracy services rendered by nursing and education students in Matangtubig from 2015-2020.The study utilized participatory research. It involves stakeholders in Barangay Matangtubig in community projects, evaluating, collecting, and analyzing data. The information taken will be utilized to adjust and improve the project. The study explored the experience of Barangay Matangtubig residents in terms of health care and tutorial services rendered by the college students at a private school, specifically the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) and Education. It investigated the participants’ experience with the health care services delivered regarding maternal and child health care, health education, nutrition, environmental sanitation of the community, and education regarding reading, writing, and numeracy services. The results of the study provided baseline information for policymakers in designing programs, setting standards, and taking necessary actions. The study revealed that people in the community must assume personal responsibility to become self-reliant. The presence of the nursing and education students was meant only to facilitate and help the residents.
An investigation into chiropractic intern adherence to radiographic guidelines in clinical decisions with a descriptive comparison to clinical practitioners
Authors: Taylor David N. , Hawk Cheryl
Published: January 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess chiropractic interns' knowledge and adherence to radiographic clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and compare their clinical decisions to previous surveys of established practitioners in Canada and Australia.

Methods

A clinical decision-making survey was administered to 88 interns. The survey contained clinical scenarios and vignettes with inquiries regarding indications for radiographic referral, the likelihood of referral, and the application of CPGs.

Results

Forty-four percent (43.75%) of the interns were aware of CPGs, 38.75% were unsure, and 17.5% were not aware. When asked specific questions about the appropriateness of diagnostic imaging, the interns' responses were similar to those of practitioners in Canada and Australia. When interns evaluated a clinical vignette, there was lower compliance with CPGs.

Conclusion

The interns' clinical decisions regarding the use of diagnostic radiography did not significantly differ from those of practitioners who were surveyed in other related studies. Interns were inconsistent in applying their decision making in clinical cases. Notwithstanding the similarities with practitioners, some deviation from the guidelines indicates the need for further intern education to improve the implementation of CPGs for optimal cost-effective and clinically appropriate care.
Seed Quality of Transplanted Aman Rice as Impacted by Rainfed in the Ripening Phase
Authors: Manir M. R. , Halder K. P. , Islam M. S. , Rashid M. M. , Begum S. , Hossain E.
Published: January 2023

Rainfall is the main contributor to provide soil moisture for rainfed rice (Transplanted Aman) cultivation. The aim of the study was to investigate the seed quality of different transplanted Aman rice cultivars that are influenced by rainfed during ripening phases. For this, several experiments have been performed during the transplanted Aman season of 2014, 2015, and 2016 at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur. Two planting dates and three rice varieties were used in the treatment, and the treatments were organized in a randomized complete block design with three replications. T. Aman rice received huge rainfall up to vegetative phage resulting no irrigation demand in all three tested years. In all the parameters of yield and yield components, the association between planting dates and variety was not significant. Also the relationship between planting dates and variety did not greatly affect the germination percentage, seedling vigor index, high density grain shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. Sixteen august planting produced a greater number of tillers m-2, panicles m-2, grain panicle-1, 1000-grain weight, grain and straw yield in the case of yield and yield components. While, the 1000-grain weight of panicles m-2, grain panicle-1, was greatly influenced by the variety. The highest 1000 grain weight and grain yield were produced by BRRI dhan46. The SVI, HDG percent, SDW and RDW were greatly influenced by planting dates in terms of seed quality. All of these criteria were higher for planting on 16 August than for planting on 12 September. Early transplanting received more rainfall in reproductive phase than late planting. Varieties were greatly influenced by all the seed quality parameters. BRRI dhan46 received the highest GM percent, SVI, HDG percent, SDW and RDW. Specific suitable transplanting dates were selected considering minimum irrigation at reproductive phage and maximun seed quality and grain yield. Delay in transplanting demanded more irrigation and reduced seed quality and grain yield.
Analysis of Information System Implementation, Compensation and Reliability of Internal Control to the Financial Fraud Prevention
Authors: Amelia Tifa Noer , Samara Rio , Vemly Jan
Published: January 2023

This research examines the implementation of information system, compensation, and internal control toward the effect on financial fraud prevention. The study conducted in one of the largest chemical distribution company in Indonesia, with the financial staff of the headquarter as the respondent. Data gathered by using total sampling, and examine by using regression analysis. Result shows that the implementation of information system and compensation can prevent financial fraud, but compensation is not. the significant of the result is, compensation works on preventing financial fraud when the information system and internal control applied. To develop stringer impact, future research expected to have wider scope of respondent and using smaller alpha score to see the different of the research and to add the qualitative perspective.
Spatial Analysis of Active Dumpsites Distribution Pattern in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Alilonu E. C. , Obafemi A. A. , Eludoyin O. S.
Published: January 2023

The study analysed the distribution patterns of active dumpsites in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers state, Nigeria. The study made use of locational data obtained through the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) and the data were subjected to analysis in ArcGIS environment. Nearest neighbour analysis was used to determine the significant distribution pattern. Findings showed that twenty-three active dumpsites were found in the entire Port Harcourt Metropolis and the distribution pattern of these dumpsites were significantly dispersed (Z=4225.54; p=0.0000). It is concluded that active dumpsites in Port Harcourt Metropolis are scattered all over and it is recommended that proper guidelines must be followed before an area can be sited to become a dumpsite. Also, there should be consideration of the environmental attributes so that the proportion of the effect can be minimized, while periodic monitoring of established dumpsites is essential to reduce the illegal siting of dumpsites.
Effect of Seasonal Changes on Photosynthetic Pigments and Proline Contents of Some Plants Growing Naturally in Tayma Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Absy Karima Mohamed
Published: January 2023

The present study was undertaken to understand adaptive behavior and the possibility of osmotic adjustment adopted by three plant species to tolerate harsh environmental conditions during the winter and summer seasons based on some soil and plant variables as well as the relationships among them. The plant species studied are Hyoscyamus muticus L. (H. muticus), Anabasis setifera Moq. (A. setifera) and Teucrium polium L. (T. polium) and were collected from Tayma Governorate, Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia. ANOVA results showed that the plant species, depths, and their interaction significantly affected most physicochemical properties of the soil supporting three plant species. Also, the plant species, seasons, and their interaction highly significantly affected photosynthetic pigments and proline contents. The highest values for pH and Ec in A. setifera soil, for Na+, Mg++ and Cl- in H. muticus soil, and for other studied chemical properties in T. polium soil were recorded. Significantly increased water content % was observed in A. setifera soil at 20-40 depth across the winter season. Chlorophyll a (Chl.a), chlorophyll b (Chl.b) and Chl.a+b contents in H. muticus plants and Chl.a/b, total carotenoids, total pigment and proline contents in T. polium plants were significantly increased in comparison to the other plant species. Compared to the winter season, the amount of proline and photosynthetic pigments increased significantly in the summer season. The principal component and biplot analysis displayed that the three plant species were quite separated based on the variables studied, and showed positive correlations among most soil and plant variables, but these associations varied in their degree and consistency. The positive correlations were observed for PC1 with K+, Ca++, HCO3- and SO4-- in soil as well as Chl.a/b, total carotenoids, total pigment and proline in T. polium plants. While PC2 showed highly positively correlated to Na and Mg in soil as well as Chl.a, Chl.b and Chl.a+b in H. muticus plants. As a result, the above soil chemical properties are associated closely with the above plant variables in the two previous plant species. The statistical study shows that due to its adaptive behavior and potential for osmotic adjustment, T. polium type generally adapts better to the dry desert environment and seasonal changes.
Tyr76 is essential for the cold adaptation of a class II glutaredoxin 4 with a heat‐labile structure from the Arctic bacteriumSphingomonassp.
Authors: Hoang Trang , Jeong ChanSu , Jang Sei‐Heon , Lee ChangWoo
Published: January 2023

Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are small proteins that share a well‐conserved thioredoxin (Trx)‐fold and participate in many biological processes. This study examined the cold adaptation mechanism of a Fe‐S cluster binding class II Grx4 (SpGrx4) from the psychrophilic Arctic bacteriumSphingomonassp. PAMC 26621. Three polar residues close to the cis‐proline residue (P73) of SpGrx4 form a hydrogen bond network (Q74–S67–Y76) with the cis‐proline loop main chain. The hydroxyl group of S67 or Y76 or both is replaced in similar Grxs depending on the temperature of the habitat. Mutants with reduced hydrogen bonds (S67A, Q74A, Y76F, and S67A/Y76W) were more susceptible to urea‐induced unfolding and more flexible than the wild‐type (WT). By contrast, Y76W, with a bulky indole group, was the most stable. These mutants showed higher melting temperatures than WT as a consequence of increased hydrophobic interactions. These results suggest that the tyrosine residue, Y76, is preferred for the cold adaptation of SpGrx4 with a heat‐labile structure despite the rigid cis‐proline loop, due to hydrogen bond formation. An aromatic residue on β3 (cis‐proline plus3) modulates the stability‐flexibility of the cis‐proline loop for temperature adaptation of prokaryotic class II Grx4 members via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.
Magnetically Responsive Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Droplet Manipulation Capability
Authors: Chu Liqi , Li Wen , Zhan Yanlong , Amirfazli Alidad
Published: January 2023

The precise control of tiny droplets has always been a complex problem to be solved. The magnetically responsive superhydrophobic surfaces, which can be controlled for droplet manipulation by an external magnetic field, have attracted attention because of its characteristics such as easy operation, rapid response, remote control, and simple process. Herein, a magnetically responsive superhydrophobic surface is designed and prepared by a two‐step spraying process. The precise control of microdroplets on the prepared surface is carried out, and the droplet control can be quickly achieved through noncontact control in various ways including active, multidirectional, and antigravity. On this basis, the ideal surface model is established to analyze the droplet control mechanism. In addition, the transport effects of different types of droplets, including water droplets and saline, are investigated. The durability evaluation experiment including droplet‐repeated control, friction, tape stripping, and scratch test shows that the surface has certain durability. This magnetically responsive superhydrophobic surfaces can meet requirements of biological experiments and provide a new idea for low‐loss droplet transport and microfluidic chip.
Brief Overview of Functionally Graded NiTi‐Based Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Sun Fuzhen , Feng Xinxin , Wang Haizhen , Cao Xinjian , Liu Xiao , Liu Yang , Li Yan , Liu Zhongli , Yi Xiaoyang
Published: January 2023

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are kinds of smart materials that have superior properties such as shape memory effect and superelasticity, which have the most potential applications in various fields, especially in aerospace, naval, automobile and biomedicine industries, etc. Nevertheless, the inherent natures of shape memory alloys are characterized by the smaller transformation temperature intervals and transformation stress intervals, which make the devices have poor control ability. To achieve the accurate controllability for progressive movement, creating functionally graded shape memory alloys has been adopted. Herein, the classification, fabrications, microstructural features, and performances of functionally graded shape memory alloys are reviewed. For comparison, the creation of various gradients in shape memory alloys can widen the transformation temperature intervals and transformation stress intervals to some extent. In addition, the formation of the compositional, microstructural, or geometrical gradient also contributes to the generation of excellent performances such as the four‐way shape memory effect, higher strength, and larger temperature window for the stress‐assisted two‐way shape memory effect, etc. Such superior functions promote a wider application range of shape memory alloys.
Fast Li+ Transport via Silica Network‐Driven Nanochannels in Ionomer‐in‐Framework for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Kim Seonho , Jung Ho Kyun , Handayani Puji Lestari , Kim Taehoon , Jung Byung Mun , Choi U Hyeok
Published: January 2023

For the development of all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs), a high‐porous silica aerogel (SA)‐reinforced single‐Li+ conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NPE) is prepared via two‐step selective functionalization. The mesoporous SA is introduced as a mechanical framework for NPE as well as a channel for fast lithium cation migration. Two types of monomers containing weak‐binding imide anions and Li+ cations are synthesized and used to prepare NPEs, where these monomers are grafted in SA to produce SA‐based NPEs (SANPEs) as ionomer‐in‐framework. This hybrid SANPE exhibits high ionic conductivities (≈10−3 S cm−1), high modulus (≈105 Pa), high lithium transference number (0.84), and wide electrochemical window (>4.8 V). The resultant SANPE in the lithium symmetric cell possesses long‐term cyclic stability without short‐circuiting over 800 h under 0.2 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the LiFePO4|SANPE|Li solid‐state batteries present a high discharge capacity of 167 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, good rate capability up to 1 C, wide operating temperatures (from −10 to 40 °C), and a stable cycling performance with 97% capacity retention and 100% coulombic efficiency after 75 cycles at 1 C and 25 °C. The SANPE demonstrates a new design principle for solid‐state electrolytes, allowing for a perfect complex between inorganic silica and organic polymer, for high‐energy‐density LMBs.
Ultra‐Damping Composites Enhanced by Yolk–Shell Piezoelectric Damping Mechanism
Authors: Zheng Jiaqi , Sun Shuang , Hu Xu , Yu Zhaohan , Fu Yue , Chen Dan , Wang Dong , Cai Weihao , Zhou Huamin , Wang Yunming
Published: January 2023

High‐performance damping materials are significant toward reducing vibration and maintaining stability for industrial applications. Herein, a yolk–shell piezoelectric damping mechanism is reported, which can enhance mechanical energy dissipation and improve damping capability. With the addition of yolk–shell particles and carbon nanotube (CNT) conductive network, damping properties of various resin matrices are enhanced with the energy dissipation path of mechanical to electrical to heat energy. Particularly, the peak loss factor of epoxy composites reaches 1.91 and tan δ area increases by 25.72% at 20 °C. The results prove the general applicability of yolk–shell piezoelectric damping mechanism. Besides, the novel damping materials also exhibit excellent flexibility, stretchability, and resilience, offering a promising application toward damping coating, indicating broad scope of application in transportation and sophisticated electronics, etc.
Arrested Phase Separation Enables High‐Performance Keratoprostheses
Authors: Pan Jiageng , Zhang Wang , Zhu Jin , Tan Jieying , Huang Ying , Mo Kunlun , Tong Yan , Xie Zhenhua , Ke Yubin , Zheng Huade , Ouyang Hong , Shi Xuetao , Gao Liang
Published: January 2023

Corneal transplantation is impeded by donor shortages, immune rejection, and ethical reservations. Pre‐made cornea prostheses (keratoprostheses) offer a proven option to alleviate these issues. Ideal keratoprostheses must possess optical clarity and mechanical robustness, but also high permeability, processability, and recyclability. Here, it is shown that rationally controlling the extent of arrested phase separation can lead to optimized multiscale structure that reconciles permeability and transparency, a previously conflicting goal by common pore‐forming strategies. The process is simply accomplished by hydrothermally treating a dense and transparent hydrophobic association hydrogel. The examination of multiscale structure evolution during hydrothermal treatment reveals that the phase separation with upper miscibility gap evolves to confer time‐dependent pore growth due to slow dynamics of polymer‐rich phase which is close to vitrification. Such a process can render a combination of multiple desired properties that equal or surpass those of the state‐of‐the‐art keratoprostheses. In vivo tests confirm that the keratoprosthesis can effectively repair corneal perforation and restore a transparent cornea with treatment outcomes akin to that of allo‐keratoplasty. The keratoprosthesis is easy to access and convenient to carry, and thus would be an effective temporary substitute for a corneal allograft in emergency conditions.
Low‐Symmetry α‐MoO3 Heterostructures for Wave Plate Applications in Visible Frequencies
Authors: Abedini Dereshgi Sina , Lee Yea‐Shine , Larciprete Maria Cristina , Centini Marco , Dravid Vinayak P. , Aydin Koray
Published: January 2023

Low‐symmetry van der Waals materials are promising candidates for the next generation of polarization‐sensitive on‐chip photonics since they do not require lattice matching for growth and integration. Due to their low‐symmetry crystal behavior, such materials exhibit anisotropic and polarization‐dependent optical properties for a wide range of optical frequencies. Here, depolarization characteristics of orthorhombic α‐MoO3 is studied in the visible range. Using polarizers and analyzers, it is demonstrated that α‐MoO3 has negligible loss and that birefringence values as high as 0.15 and 0.12 at 532 nm and 633 nm, respectively, are achievable. With such a high birefringence, quarter‐ and half‐wave plate actions are demonstrated for a 1400 nm α‐MoO3 flake at green (532 nm) and red (633 nm) wavelengths, and polarizability as high as 90% is reported. Furthermore, a system of double α‐MoO3 heterostructure layer is investigated that provides the possibility of tuning polarization as a function of rotation angle between the α‐MoO3 layers. These findings pave the way to the promising future of on‐chip photonic heterostructures and twist‐optics that can dictate the polarization state of light.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydropyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐6‐ones via N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed [3+3] Cycloaddition ofα‐Bromoenals with 5‐Aminopyrazoles
Authors: Li Yarui , Huang Xiaoxia , He Jieyin , Peng Shiyong , Wang Jian , Lang Ming
Published: January 2023

An N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed asymmetric [3+3] annulation ofα‐bromoenals with 5‐aminopyrazoles is described. Using the established methodology, a structurally diverse set of high value dihydropyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐6‐ones were efficiently constructed in high yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99%). The easily available starting materials, broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, excellent yield and enantioselectivity make this strategy attractive for the asymmetric construction of pyrazolo‐fused pyridone derivatives.

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Large‐Scale, Abrasion‐Resistant, and Solvent‐Free Superhydrophobic Objects Fabricated by a Selective Laser Sintering 3D Printing Strategy
Authors: Wu Zhenhua , Shi Congcan , Chen Aotian , Li Yike , Chen Shuang , Sun Dong , Wang Changshun , Liu Zhufeng , Wang Qi , Huang Jianyu , Yue Yamei , Zhang Shanfei , Liu Zichuan , Xu Yizhuo , Su Jin , Zhou Yan , Wen Shifeng , Yan Chunze , Shi Yusheng , Deng Xu , Jiang Lei , Su Bin
Published: January 2023

Manufacturing abrasion‐resistant superhydrophobic matters is challenging due to the fragile feature of the introduced micro‐/nanoscale surface roughness. Besides the long‐term durability, large scale at meter level, and 3D complex structures are of great importance for the superhydrophobic objects used across diverse industries. Here it is shown that abrasion‐resistant, half‐a‐meter scaled superhydrophobic objects can be one‐step realized by the selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing technology using hydrophobic‐fumed‐silica (HFS)/polymer composite grains. The HFS grains serve as the hydrophobic guests while the sintered polymeric network provides the mechanical strength, leading to low‐adhesion, intrinsic superhydrophobic objects with desired 3D structures. It is found that as‐printed structures remained anti‐wetting capabilities even after undergoing different abrasion tests, including knife cutting test, rude file grinding test, 1000 cycles of sandpaper friction test, tape test and quicksand impacting test, illustrating their abrasion‐resistant superhydrophobic stability. This strategy is applied to manufacture a shell of the unmanned aerial vehicle and an abrasion‐resistant superhydrophobic shoe, showing the industrial customization of large‐scale superhydrophobic objects. The findings thus provide insight for designing intrinsic superhydrophobic objects via the SLS 3D printing strategy that might find use in drag‐reduce, anti‐fouling, or other industrial fields in harsh operating environments.
On the Composition of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Active Materials
Authors: Stüble Pirmin , Mereacre Valeriu , Geßwein Holger , Binder Joachim R.
Published: January 2023

LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathode active materials for lithium‐ion batteries have been investigated for over 20 years. Despite all this effort, it has not been possible to transfer their favorable properties into applicable, stable battery cells. To make further progress, the research perspective on these spinel type materials needs to be updated and a number of persisting misconceptions on LNMO have to be overcome. Therefore, the current knowledge on LNMO is summarized and controversial points are addressed by detailed considerations on the composition and crystallography of LNMO. The findings are supported by an in‐situ high temperature X‐ray diffraction study and the investigation of four different types of LNMO materials, including Mn(III) rich ordered LNMO, and disordered LNMO with low Mn(III) content. It is shown that the importance of cation order is limited to a small composition range. Furthermore, new evidence contradicting the idea of oxygen defects in LNMO is presented and an enhanced classification of LNMO based on the Ni content of the spinel phase is proposed. Moreover, a balanced chemical equation for the formation of LNMO is presented, allowing for comprehensive calculations of key properties of LNMO materials. Finally, suitable target compositions and calcination programs are suggested to obtain better LNMO materials.
Discovery of Norbornene as a Novel Hydrophobic Tag Applied in Protein Degradation
Authors: Xie Shaowen , Zhan Feiyan , Zhu Jingjie , Sun Yuan , Zhu Huajian , Liu Jie , Chen Jian , Zhu Zheying , Yang Dong‐Hua , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Yao Hong , Xu Jinyi , Xu Shengtao
Published: January 2023

Hydrophobic tagging (HyT) is a potential therapeutic strategy for targeted protein degradation (TPD). Norbornene was discovered as an unprecedented hydrophobic tag in this study and was used to degrade the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion protein by linking it to ALK inhibitors. The most promising degrader, Hyt‐9, potently reduced ALK levels through Hsp70 and the ubiquitin−proteasome system (UPS) in vitro without compensatory upregulation of ALK. Furthermore, Hyt‐9 exhibited a significant tumor‐inhibiting effect in vivo with moderate oral bioavailability. More importantly, norbornene can also be used to degrade the intractable enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) when tagged with the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat. Thus, the discovery of novel hydrophobic norbornene tags shows promise for the future development of TPD technology.
Somalactams A–D: Anti‐inflammatory Macrolide Lactams with Unique Ring Systems from an Arctic Actinomycete Strain
Authors: Yang Fan , Sang Moli , Lu Jing‐Rong , Zhao Hui‐Min , Zou Yike , Wu Wei , Yu Yong , Liu Ya‐Wei , Ma Wencheng , Zhang Yun , Zhang Wei , Lin Hou‐Wen
Published: January 2023

Four new PKS‐NRPS‐derived macrolide lactams with three unique ring fusion types were discovered from the Arctic sponge associated actinomyceteStreptomyces somaliensis1107 using a genome mining strategy. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of MS, NMR spectroscopic analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Biosynthetically, a novel gene clustersmlconsisting of three polyketide synthases and one hybrid polyketide synthase‐nonribosomal peptide synthetase together with cytochrome P450s and flavin‐containing monooxygenases and oxidoreductases was demonstrated to assemble the unique skeleton. Pharmacological studies revealed that compound1displayed a potent anti‐inflammatory effect without cytotoxicity. It inhibited IL‐6 and TNF‐α release in the serum of LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells with IC50values of 5.76 and 0.18 μM, respectively, and modulated the MAPK pathway. Moreover, compound1alleviated LPS‐induced systemic inflammation in our transgenic fluorescent zebrafish model.