bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEDIÇÕES DE VAPOR DE ÁGUA ATMOSFÉRICO E DA PRESSÃO DE SUPERFÍCIE A PARTIR DE IMAGENS DO SENSOR AVIRIS E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A TOPOGRAFIA NO COMPLEXO DE NIQUELÂNDIA
Authors: Abílio de Carvalho Júnior Osmar , Ferreira de Carvalho Ana Paula , Fontes Guimarães Renato , Trancoso Gomes Roberto Arnaldo
Published: September 2024

A espectroscopia de imageamento é capaz de detectar as feições de absorção das componentes atmosféricas, fornecendo uma estimativa da quantidade de gases e aerossóis. No presente trabalho a imagem do sensor AVIRIS (Airborne Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer) é utilizada para estimar a distribuição espacial do vapor d’água e da superfície de pressão. A área de estudo foi o maciço de Niquelândia que apresenta uma acentuada variação altimétrica, com cotas entre 500m e 1.180m. Um modelo digital de terreno (MDT) foi elaborado e comparado com as imagens atmosféricas por meio de regressão linear. A condição de céu límpido, sem presença de nuvens, favoreceu uma alta correlação entre o MDT e os parâmetros atmosféricos. As imagens de erro salientam que as maiores interferências ocorreram nos corpos d’água e no solo exposto.
ASPECTOS ESSENCIAIS DO PROCESSO LEGISLATIVO NA ELABORAÇÃO E CONSECUÇÃO DAS NORMAS JURÍDICAS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Aparecida Fonseca Reinaldo , Pereira Rezende José Luiz , Coimbra Borges Luis Antônio , Alves Santos Anderson , Muniz Ottoni Santiago Thaís
Published: September 2024

As normas jurídicas são meios eficazes na consecução dos planos e programas traçados nas políticas de um país. Para a questão ambiental, as normas jurídicas não fogem à regra e servem para guiar seus cidadãos e organizações no que tange ao uso racional e tutela dos recursos naturais, seja pela proibição ou pelo direcionamento aplicado aos respectivos usos dos mesmos, pois toda norma jurídica evolui em prol da sociedade. O objetivo geral deste estudo é descrever o processo de criação das normas jurídicas visando a facilitar aos que militam na área técnica ambiental, um melhor entendimento de como elas são elaboradas ou instituídas, tornando seu seguimento mais efetivo para as questões ambientais. A metodologia usada é exploratória, ou seja, análise documental de trabalhos e pesquisas já existente. Como resultado deste estudo destaca-se que o processo legislativo conforme determinado pela Constituição Federal de 1988 é o mesmo utilizado tanto para as questões ambientais como para os demais ordenamentos jurídicos comum. Em nível Federal inicia-se com a apresentação do Projeto de Lei à Câmara dos Deputados que realiza todos os procedimentos necessários até sua aprovação ou rejeição. Sendo aprovado segue para o Senado para deliberação daquela casa legislativa que o aprovando encaminha para o Presidente da República para Sanção ou Veto. Os mesmos procedimentos são realizados em nível Estadual e Municipal, destacando, entretanto, que estes dois entes federados só possuem uma casa legislativa, Assembléias Legislativas e Câmaras Municipais, respectivamente, porém, a consecução de suas normas jurídicas, não pode sobrepor às Leis Federais.
ZONEAMENTO AGROECOLÓGICO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO ALMADA (BAHIA) COM USO DE SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA
Authors: Pereira de Souza Cristiano Marcelo , Barreto Franco Gustavo , Lima Gomes Ronaldo , Gomes Marques Eduardo Antonio , Chagas Cesár
Published: September 2024

A inserção de atividades ligadas à agropecuária em locais inadequados tem promovido à degradação ambiental e refletindo no desenvolvimento da atividade em longo prazo. Nesse sentido a definição de zonas adequadas as diversas formas de uso representa um passo fundamental para início de (re)ordenamento territorial, principalmente idealizado no contexto de uma bacia hidrográfica. Assim esta pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar um zoneamento agroecológico para bacia hidrográfica do Almada, considerando aspectos agrícolas, ecológicos e sociais inerentes á localidade de estudo. Assim com uso do sistema de informações geográficas, variados planos de informações cartográficas foram associados com intuito de subsidiar a elaboração do mapa de zoneamento da bacia. No zoneamento foram estabelecidas nove zonas que de forma geral delimita áreas com potencialidade agrícola, áreas sem potencialidade e ainda áreas que deverão ser destinadas a conservação/preservação.
IMAGENS DO PATRIMÔNIO E TURISMO: METAMORFOSES E “MERCADORIZAÇÃO” DO TERRITÓRIO CENTRAL DE TIRADENTES, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Neves Rodrigo , Jurandir Carneiro Eder
Published: September 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar o processo de transformação do território da área central da cidade de Tiradentes, Minas Gerais, que resultou na “mercadorização” do “patrimônio histórico e arquitetônico”. Examina-se como determinados atores (empresários, publicitários, secretários de turismo etc.) conseguiram, no curso de lutas simbólicas, impor representações do “centro histórico” relacionadas à preservação e uma reconstrução do passado que corresponde aos interesses dos capitais investidos nos negócios ligados ao turismo. Essas lutas teriam contribuído, concomitantemente, para a mudança da função dos imóveis da área central da cidade, que se tornaram casas comerciais, restaurantes e hotéis , assim como para a transmutação da própria paisagem urbana, convertida em mercadoria a ser consumida por turistas. Esses processos implicaram o deslocamento induzido dos antigos moradores desse espaço para bairros periféricos.
IMAGENS ESTEREOTIPADAS EM PAUTA: O DISCURSO DOS JORNAIS SURINAMESES SOBRE OS IMIGRANTES BRASILEIROS (2007-2010)
Authors: Da Silva Oliveira Rafael
Published: September 2024

O Suriname, desde meados dos anos 1980, tem sido o destino de milhares de brasileiros que migram com a intenção de melhorar de vida, trabalhando direta ou indiretamente na atividade da garimpagem do ouro. Tais fluxos contribuíram para a constituição de uma comunidade brasileira no Suriname, cada vez maior e mais participativa da vida econômica desse país. Contudo, esses imigrantes sofrem diversos estigmas e preconceitos que dificultam sua integração, cujos meios de comunicação desempenham importante papel na difusão de estereótipos sobre os brasileiros. Assim sendo, o presente artigo analisa os discursos dos jornais surinameses e, em particular, sua contribuição na construção de imagens negativas sobre os imigrantes de origem brasileira.
“O TOCANTINENSE NÃO É GOIANO”: A IDENTIDADE REGIONAL E A CRIAÇÃO DO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS
Authors: Rodrigues Jean Carlos
Published: September 2024

O artigo tem como objetivo discutir a identidade regional tocantinense produzida pelo movimento emancipacionista do norte goiano da década de 1950. Este foi um período caracterizado por uma intensa campanha pró-criação do Estado do Tocantins que repercutiu, inclusive, na imprensa nacional. Nosso interesse é apresentar e discutir as manifestações identitárias tocantinenses veiculadas em reportagens do Jornal “O Estado de São Paulo” a partir de pesquisa no acervo deste veículo de comunicação. O discurso autonomista do norte goiano da década de 1950 fortaleceu-se a partir das diretrizes políticas do Governo Federal destinadas a ocupação do interior do país demonstrada, posteriormente, com a construção de Brasília e a transferência da capital federal para o interior do Estado de Goiás.
Concave Continuations of Boolean Functions and Some of Their Properties and Applications
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Barotov D. N.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, it is proved that for any Boolean function of n variables, there are infinitely many functions, each of which is its concave continuation to the n-dimensional unit cube. For an arbitrary Boolean function of n variables, a concave function is constructed, which is the minimum among all its concave continuations to the n-dimensional unit cube. It is proven that this concave function on the n-dimensional unit cube is continuous and unique. Thanks to the results obtained, in particular, it has been constructively proved that the problem of solving a system of Boolean equations can be reduced to the problem of numerical maximization of a target function, any local maximum of which in the desired domain is a global maximum, and, thus, the problem of local maxima for such problems is completely solved.
Some Estimates for the Jump of the Derivative of the Lagrange Multiplier Function in Optimal Control Problems with Second-order State Constraints
Authors:   Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” RAS, Karamzin D. Yu. ,   Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory SB RAS
Published: September 2024

The optimal control problem for a nonlinear dynamic system of a cascade type with endpoint and irregular pointwise state constraints (the so-called state constraints of depth 2) is studied. This problem admits a refined formulation of Pontryagin’s maximum principle in terms of a (non-standard) Hamilton-Pontryagin function of the second order. The question of estimating the jump of the derivative of the Lagrange multiplier corresponding to the state constraint is studied. Some sufficient conditions have been obtained under which the maximum principle implies uniform in time estimates for the jump of the specified function. In particular, sufficient conditions have been given for the absence of a jump (i.e., continuous differentiability) of the multiplier. These results are based on the concepts of 2-regularity of the state constraint and the so-called regularity zone of the problem. The obtained estimates are of interest for the theory of Pontryagin’s maximum principle and can be used in practice, including the implementation of the known shooting method within the framework of one of the standard approaches to the numerical interpretation of the necessary optimality condition.
Estimates for Piecewise Linear Approximation of Derivative Functions of Sobolev Classes
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Klyachin V. A.
Published: September 2024

The article considers the problem of estimating the error in calculating the gradient of functions of Sobolev classes for piecewise linear approximation on triangulations. Traditionally, problems of this kind are considered for continuously differentiable functions. In this case, the corresponding estimates reflect both the smoothness class of the functions and the quality of the triangulation simplexes. However, in problems of substantiating the existence of a solution to a variational problem in the nonlinear theory of elasticity, conditions arise for permissible deformations in terms of generalized derivatives. Therefore, for the numerical solution of these problems, conditions are required that provide the necessary approximation of the derivatives of continuous functions of the Sobolev classes. In this article, an integral estimate of the indicated error for continuously differentiable functions is obtained in terms of the norms of the corresponding spaces for functions that reflect, on the one hand, the quality of triangulation of the polygonal region, and on the other hand, the class of functions with generalized derivatives. The latter is expressed in terms of the majorant of the modulus of continuity of the gradient. To obtain the final estimate, the possibility of passing to the limit using the norm of the Sobolev space is proven.
On Real Roots of Systems of Trancendental Equations with Real Coefficients
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Kytmanov A. M. , Khodos O. V. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: September 2024

The work is devoted to the study of the number of real roots of systems of transcendental equations in $\mathbb C^n$ with real coefficients, consisting of entire functions, in some bounded multidimensional domain $D\subset \mathbb R^n$. It is assumed that the number of roots of the system is discrete (then it is no more than countable). For some entire function $\varphi (z), z\in \mathbb C^n$, with real Taylor coefficients at $z=0$, and a given system of equations, the concept of a resultant $R_\varphi(t)$ is introduced, which is an entire function of one complex variable $t$. It is constructed using power sums of the roots of the system in a negative degree, found using residue integrals. If the resultant has no multiple zeros, then it is shown that the number of real roots of the system in $D=\{x\in \mathbb R^n: a<\varphi(x)<b\}$ ($x=\mathrm{Re}\, z $) is equal to the number of real zeros of this resultant in the interval $(a,b)$. An example is given for a system of equations.
A Collaborative Approach to Detecting DDoS Attacks in SDN Using Entropy and Deep Learning
Authors: D.G. Narayan , W Heena , K Amit
Published: September 2024

Software-defined networking (SDN) is an approach to network management allowing to enhance the performance of the network and making it more flexible. The centralized architecture of SDN makes it vulnerable to cyberattacks, especially distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. Existing research investigates the detection of DDoS attacks separately on the control plane and data plane. However, there is a need for efficient and accurate detection of these attacks using features obtained from both control and data planes. Therefore, we present a mechanism for identifying DDoS attacks using entropy, multiple feature selection mechanisms, and deep learning. Initially, we use entropy on the control plane to detect anomalous activity and identify suspicious switches. Next, we capture traffic on the suspicious switches to detect DDoS attacks. To detect these attacks, we utilize multi-layer perceptron (MLP) deep learning models, convolutional neural network (CNN), and the long short-term memory (LSTM) approach. An InSDN dataset is used to train the model and test data are generated using Mininet emulation and the Ryu controller. The results reveal that LSTM outperforms MLP and CNN, achieving an accuracy of 99.83%.
The Impact of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence on Syrian Refugee Women in Lebanon Post Covid-19
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University -- Chouran Beirut, Nassar Marie-José Elie
Published: September 2024

This thesis looks to explore the different impacts of gender-based violence on Syrian refugee women’s health and wellbeing especially during and post-Covid-19 between 2020 and 2022. It aims to highlight the importance of initiatives and services provided by NGOs across Lebanon for SGBV survivors in not only filling the gaps at the government level, but also in accessing the community of survivors more adequately. It argues that in the presence of such heightened NGO and humanitarian support, the Lebanese government feels less “obligated” and less inclined to expand their own services for survivors – particularly from within the refugee community. It also aims to contribute to conversations on the importance of mental health among refugee survivors. This thesis thus explores how various institutions, including governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), professional associations, and the private sector, play a role in addressing a number of impediments to the advancement of the mental health of refugee survivors, as well as how these entities continue to improve their responses and targeting in such emergencies amid an overall lack of government support.
Prácticas docentes en estudiantes con N.E.E. asociado a la discapacidad intelectual que requieren adaptación grado 3 para favorecer una educación inclusiva
Authors: Loza Vega Adriana del Carmen , Olaya Rodríguez Carmita Gabriela , Rodas Ochoa Daniela Patricia , Meneses Vásconez Paulina del Rocio , Barba Quinaluisa Angeles Inés
Published: September 2024

Esta investigación surgió de la necesidad de conocer sobre las prácticas docentes en estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales, que requieren adaptación curricular grado. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa, a través de entrevistas y encuestas. La muestra para las entrevistas, está compuesta por 9 docentes, que representan el 13,04% de la población total. Y las encuestas a los estudiantes se realiza a 10 estudiantes, siendo el total de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales, que requieren adaptación curricular grado. Los resultados muestran una predisposición de los docentes por educación integradora con una visión de una educación inclusiva; pero, se evidencia la falta de capacitación a los docentes sobre estrategias metodológicas concretas para estudiantes NEE (Necesidad Educativa Especial), por tal razón existe desfases entre la teoría y la práctica pedagógica dentro del aula.
Characterization of correlations between blood biochemical parameters and morphological features of broiler chickens
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Zagarin A.Yu.
Published: September 2024

Analysis of blood biochemical status is a universal way of monitoring metabolism and general physiological state of animals, which determines the relevance of identifying the nature of relationships between blood biochemical parameters and various economically useful and biological traits. The aim of the work is to determine the correlations between blood biochemical parameters and morphological features of broiler chickens (on the example of cross Ross 308). Broiler chickens in the number of 258 birds were reared in a one-room poultry house for 35 days under observance of technological parameters and feeding system recommended for the given cross. At the end of rearing, 18 chickens were slaughtered with subsequent blood sampling and anatomical cutting of carcasses. The obtained data were mathematically processed; Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. The results of correlation analysis showed a direct relationship between the activity of aminotransferases and indicators characterizing muscle development and meat productivity (r = +0.56–0.57), the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and indicators, characterizing muscle development and meat productivity (r = +0.50–0.73), triglyceride concentration and liver weight (r = +0.51), calculated indicators of protein metabolism and indicators of meat productivity (r = +0.47–0.64). A negative relationship was found between glucose level and the sum of inedible parts of the carcass (r = –0.52), as well as between some absolute indices of protein metabolism and indicators of meat productivity (r = –0.54–0.61). The results of the research are important for expansion of the database of ranges of physiological norms of biochemical blood parameters of broiler chickens and can be used in interpretation of blood analysis results as monitoring indicators of metabolism, state and work of organs and level of meat productivity of poultry. The results of the research are important for expanding the database of ranges of physiological norms of biochemical blood indices of broiler chickens and can be used in interpreting the results of hematological analyses as monitoring indicators of metabolism, state and work of organs and level of meat productivity of poultry.
Approaches to improving the efficiency of horticultural enterprises in the Republic of Dagestan
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Velibekova L.A.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the urgent regional problem of improving the efficiency of horticultural enterprises in the Republic of Dagestan. It is noted that the significant decrease in the contribution of this category of commodity producers to the production of fruit products, the lack of innovation and investment activity limit the development not only of the horticultural sub-branch, but also of the entire agro-food sector of the Republic. The aim of the research is to develop proposals to strengthen the position of horticultural enterprises in the national production of fruit products and to improve the efficiency of their activities. The methodology of the work is based on the use of regional statistical information, as well as on studies of domestic scientists and economists in the field of horticultural enterprises and development of various forms of management. Production and economic activity of horticultural enterprises located in three natural-climatic zones of the Republic is analyzed. The analysis period is 2017–2022. Conclusions are drawn on the necessity of differentiated placement of perennial orchard plantings on the territory of the Republic, deepening of specialization of each natural-climatic zone, application of increasing coefficients of state support, provided that perennial orchard plantings are planted at an altitude higher than 500 m above sea level. It has been shown that the small size of perennial plantings does not allow horticultural enterprises to achieve high production volumes, even if intensive cultivation techniques are used. It is recommended to the regional authorities to implement legal and organizational measures for the expansion of areas through cooperation between horticultural enterprises and small private subsidiary farms of the population. It is proposed to create a passport and an electronic database of horticultural land in the Republic. An investment plan for the development of horticulture in the Republic until 2035 has been developed. The projected increase in the volume of fruit production will contribute to the increase in the financial indicators from the sale of products, increase in the economic efficiency of horticultural enterprises. The forecast calculation of the required volume of financial investments for capital and current expenditures in case of increasing the area of perennial plantings is presented. The main source of financing is the regional budget. Calculations have shown that the payback period of the project will be eight years with a rate of return of 30%. The materials obtained in the process of this study will allow to make certain adjustments in the prospects of industrial location, to become the basis for the development of strategy and comprehensive programs of regional development of horticulture and rural areas.
Molecular genetic identification and certification of sugar beet hybrids using microsatellite markers
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Nalbandyan A.A.
Published: September 2024

The paper presents the results of the development of the microclonal propagation technology of Digitalis purpurea L. with plant adaptation in hydroponic Ebb and Flow Systems. It has been found that MS and WPM growth media with a full and reduced content of mineral salts supplemented with 6-BAP cytokinines, 2-iP and auxins of indoleacetic acid, isobutyric acid in various concentrations can be highly efficient for in vitro cultivation of the plants. Intensive shoot proliferation and rhizogenesis of plants in vitro culture is observed on MS and WPM growth media with a twofold reduced content of mineral salts, with 6-BAP phytohormones 0.5 mg/L and 2-iP 0.3 mg/L. A high frequency of callus formation was observed on MS growth medium with full mineral salt composition containing 6-BAP 0.5 mg/L. The use of hydroponic systems at the stage of adaptation to ex vitro conditions ensures high survival of plants. During the work, anatomical and morphological features of regenerating plants under in vitro and ex vitro conditions were studied.
Relative effectiveness of bivalent boosters against severe COVID-19 outcomes among people aged ≥ 65 years in Finland, September 2022 to August 2023
Authors: Poukka Eero , Perälä Jori , Nohynek Hanna , Goebeler Sirkka , Auranen Kari , Leino Tuija , Baum Ulrike
Published: September 2024

Background

Long-term effectiveness data on bivalent COVID-19 boosters are limited.

Aim

We evaluated the long-term protection of bivalent boosters against severe COVID-19 among ≥ 65-year-olds in Finland.

Methods

In this register-based cohort analysis, we compared the risk of three severe COVID-19 outcomes among ≥ 65-year-olds who received a bivalent booster (Original/Omicron BA.1 or Original/BA.4–5; exposed group) between 1/9/2022 and 31/8/2023 to those who did not (unexposed). We included individuals vaccinated with at least two monovalent COVID-19 vaccine doses before 1/9/2022 and ≥ 3 months ago. The analysis was divided into two periods: 1/9/2022–28/2/2023 (BA.5 and BQ.1.X predominating) and 1/3/2023–31/8/2023 (XBB predominating). The hazards for the outcomes between exposed and unexposed individuals were compared with Cox regression.

Results

We included 1,191,871 individuals. From 1/9/2022 to 28/2/2023, bivalent boosters were associated with a reduced risk of hospitalisation due to COVID-19 (hazard ratio (HR): 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37–0.55), death due to COVID-19 (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.38–0.62), and death in which COVID-19 was a contributing factor (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.31–0.51) during 14–60 days since vaccination. From 1/3/2023 to 31/8/2023, bivalent boosters were associated with lower risks of all three severe COVID-19 outcomes during 61–120 days since a bivalent booster (e.g. HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.39–0.71 for hospitalisation due to COVID-19); thereafter no notable risk reduction was observed. No difference was found between Original/Omicron BA.1 and Original/BA.4–5 boosters.

Conclusion

Bivalent boosters initially reduced the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes by ca 50% among ≥ 65-year-olds, but protection waned over time. These findings help guide vaccine development and vaccination programmes.
HEDGING AS A GENERAL-SEMIOTIC PHENOMENON
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Demyankov Valery Z.
Published: September 2024

Alexander Barulin’s most notable results have to do with the communicative aspects of the human protolanguage. This kind of research differs from the conventional reconstructions of proto-languages because it cannot rely on material traces left by ancient humans, and the linguistic structures properly speaking are hardly available. Thus, linguists cannot put forward a description of phonetic and grammatical systems of the languages of the first humans. Instead, conjectures are usually made based on the etological-communicative studies of animal behaviour. Following Alexander Barulin, animal communication displays certain signs analogous to ‘hedges’, whose main function consists in accommodating information conveyed as a sort of ‘goods’ in communicative ‘exchange’. Hedges of “possibly” vs. “probably” types belong to linguistic techniques extensively used both in West-European and in Russian discourses. Lexical properties of such hedges interact with grammatical and pragmatical categories of tense, mood, and negation.
Gendered socialization and sexual violence – A socio-anthropological study in Togo
Authors: Toudeka Ayawavi Sitsopé , Ouattara Fatoumata
Published: September 2024

This article bases its argument on the social representations that justify sexual violence against adolescent girls and women and make it commonplace. It looks at the constructions of masculinity and femininity and their potential effects on the occurrence of sexual violence among adolescent girls. This is a socio-anthropological study carried out in the plateau regions of Togo. The empirical data came from individual semi-directive interviews (55), life stories (4) of adolescent rape victims and group interviews (40) with several stakeholders (adolescents, parents of adolescents, educators, community leaders and religious leaders). The results show that despite the efforts of the State and non-governmental organisations, local sexuality logics often have an impact on the persistence of sexual violence.
The Political Participation of Rural Women and its Societal Impact
Authors: Swechaa Siingh
Published: September 2024

Women in rural areas are catalysts for the social, economic, & environmental change that is necessary for society's long-term viability. For rural communities to progress and women to feel empowered, it is essential that they actively participate in politics. The battle against marginalisation, trivialisation & oppression, as well as the socio-economic growth of rural women, depend on their political engagement and empowerment. Cultural norms, education, economic independence, & government policies are some of the aspects that have been studied as potential facilitators or deterrents to political activity among rural women. Additionally, it evaluates the broader social effects of their involvement, including advancements in gender equality, stronger government, and enhanced social welfare. In this research, we will represent that a positive association between women's labour force participation and GDP growth. A more diverse and inclusive district may see faster development and progress if more women are involved in the political process, have high-quality leadership roles, and have decision-making authority.
Enhanced Sensitivity and Specificity for Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer Using a Novel PCR-HRM Technique
Authors: AlDafiri Nadia Rtayan , Aljalis Mohammed Abdullah Saad , Alrashidi Faisal Basri , Alharbi Mohammed Aziz Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a critical biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC), influencing prognosis and treatment decisions. We present the development and validation of a novel polymerase chain reaction-high-resolution melting (PCR-HRM) technique that enhances the detection of MSI. This method demonstrates superior sensitivity (98.5%) and specificity (97.2%) compared to traditional PCR, offering a more accurate stratification of MSI-high (MSI-H), MSI-low (MSI-L), and microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. Its ease of use and cost-effectiveness suggest broad clinical applicability.
INTELLIGENT AGRICULTURE: INTEGRATING IOT AND MACHINE LEARNING FOR SOIL NUTRIENTS AND CROP SELECTION
Authors: Sondhiya Ritu Raj , Singh Vikash Kumar
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the revolutionary possibilities of merging IoT and ML in intelligent agriculture, specifically looking at ways to improve crop selection and soil nutrient management. The need for more effective, data-driven farming methods is greater than ever before due to the rising worldwide demand for food and the severity of environmental concerns. In order to monitor the soil, weather, and crop health in real-time, IoT devices like weather stations and soil sensors gather data. In order to help farmers make educated judgements about crop selection and precise control of soil nutrients, powerful ML algorithms evaluate this data and deliver them relevant recommendations. By lowering environmental impact and maximising resource efficiency, these technologies not only improve agricultural yields but also encourage sustainable farming practices. This study delves into the importance of this technique, the advantages it might provide, and the obstacles that need to be overcome for it to be properly used in contemporary agriculture.
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON CREATIVE WRITING: IS IT BENEFICIAL OR DETRIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT?
Authors: Suma Priyadarshini. B. K.
Published: September 2024

AI, despite its inherent limitations, is a versatile tool for writing and creative writing. I firmly believe that the human brain is unparalleled, as all human inventions are products of its ideas and thoughts. Hence, the creation of inventions in any domain can improve and benefit humanity. Therefore, technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) aim to enhance writing skills in general, particularly when it comes to creative writing too. AI functions by recognising and reproducing patterns in data, including language, in the context of AI-generated fiction. Creativity has always been associated with human cognition and intuition, resulting in novel and distinct results. Creative writing aims to captivate, enlighten, and inspire its audience, whether through written or spoken mediums. As writers utilize technologies to aid in the writing process, they encounter a set of questions that revolve around important features resulting from their partnership with artificial intelligence, namely about authenticity and originality. The concept of originality, which arises from a writer's creative abilities, has historically been within the domain of the human intellect.
Ch. 6. Memory and the Rhetoric of Soteria in Aristophanes' Assembly Women
Authors: Tordoff Rob
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a historicising reading of Aristophanes’ Assembly Women in the context of Athenian politics in 392/1. Aristophanes’ thematic engagement with memory and the rhetoric of σωτηρία (‘safety’, ‘preservation’, ‘salvation’) is a case study of ideological struggle over language in the politics of democratic Athens. The word evokes a long and tumultuous history of revolution in Athens stretching back to 411, when Athenian democracy first voted itself out of existence, as the assembly does in Assembly Women. Read from this perspective, Assembly Women is hardly less topical than Aristophanes’ fifth-century plays. On the contrary, history, memory, and the past were centrally topical in Athenian politics in late 390s Athens, and all may be illuminated by an integrated study of the contemporary evidence of comedy, oratory, and historiography.
Published in Emily Baragwanath and Edith Foster, ed., Clio and Thalia. Attic Comedy and Historiography (HISTOS Supplement 6), p. 153-210.
1. Procopius, From Manuscripts to Books: 1400–1850
Authors: Croke Brian
Published: September 2024

The path from mainly 13th- and 14th-century Byzantine manuscripts of Procopius’ Wars, Secret History and Buildings to a modern critical edition of all three works together was long and winding. At different points along the way from manuscripts to books the text of Procopius acquired its organised division into numbered Books, chapters and sections, while his writings were successively exploited by European scholars for purely contemporary purposes, which explains Procopius’ role in the history of scholarship. In the 15th century Italian humanists such as Bruni and Biondo acquired manuscripts of Procopius from Constantinople and elsewhere but only used them in translation. Books 5 to 8 of the Wars became popular immediately because they told the Italians about their sixth-century past which was otherwise dimly perceived a millennium later. The Persian and Vandal wars (Wars 1 to 4) barely rated interest, the Buildings, which excluded Italy, was unpublished, and the Secret History presumed lost. By the 16th century the centre of scholarly effort had moved into the German states of the Holy Roman Empire where Procopius became a highly valued source for the early history of the Goths and Vandals (Peutinger, Beatus, Cuspinian). This role lent him respectability and provided a new witness to bolster the antique identity of Germans but especially of the Swedes. The period from 1590 to 1650 was the great era of philological effort and acumen applied to Procopius at Paris and Leiden, to a lesser extent at Rome and Augsburg, by the foremost scholars of the time including Scaliger, Casaubon and Grotius. The first edition of the Wars was published at Augsburg in 1607 (Hoeschel), followed by that of the Secret History at Lyons in 1623 (Alemanni), a version of the Buildings having already appeared at Basel in 1531 (Beatus). Only in 1662/63 did the first complete edition of all Procopius’ works (Maltretus) appear in Paris.This enabled Procopius to be seen for the first time as a historian and writer of the age of Justinian, thereby facilitating his use by 18th-century historians such as Edward Gibbon. By 1850, with the modern techniques of textual and historical scholarship now being codified, Procopius still lacked the proper edition and the serious scholarly attention that was eventually to come, Dindorf’s edition (1833–8) having turned out to be another lost opportunity.
Published in Geoffrey Greatrex, ed., Work on Procopius outside the English-speaking World (HISTOS Supplement 9).
19. Procopius in Turkey
Authors: Kaçar Turhan
Published: September 2024

Published in Geoffrey Greatrex, ed., Work on Procopius outside the English-speaking World (HISTOS Supplement 9).
Who is Pythius the Lydian?
Authors: Lewis Sian
Published: September 2024

Pythius the Lydian, host to Xerxes at Celainai in Herodotus 7, has previously been identified as the grandson of Croesus, but this identification has not been fully explored. This note first examines the figure of Pythius and his origins in the text of Herodotus. Although Pythius becomes a mythical figure in later writers such as Plutarch, Herodotus has deliberately created a coherent family line, despite his very disparate sources in the legend of Atys and story of Pythius' son's death. Secondly, the implications of Pythius' identity in his encounters with Xerxes are discussed: Pythius embodies the hard-learned wisdom of the Mermnads, and of Xerxes' predecessors, that no one can combat fate. It is ironic that Xerxes' final encounter before the invasion of Europe, revealing both his great generosity and his great cruelty, should be with a man who has himself learnt the workings of fate, but whose actions Xerxes cannot imitate.
Ethnography and Empire: Homer and the Hippocratics in Herodotus' Ethiopian Logos, 3.17-26
Authors: Irwin Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

This article examines Herodotus’ famous and exotic Ethiopian logos from three perspectives that derive from a close reading of the text: in Part I, as a meditation staged at the ἔσχατα γῆς on the profound relationship between ethnographic interest and expansionist desire in which the preoccupations of Hippocratic texts will be seen to play an important role; in Part II, as a piece of extensive engagement with Homer’s own logoi of travel and inquiry; and in Part III as a narrative about the historical context in which Herodotus’ Hippocratic and Homericising logos—its ethnography and ‘history’—was produced and consumed, one in which the expansionist ambitions of the Athenian demos find themselves mirrored in the mad campaign of the Persian king.
The Failure of the Aetolian Deditio as a Didactic Cultural Clash in the Histories of Polybios (20.9-10)
Authors: Leoni Álvaro Moreno
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the Aetolian deditio in fidem of 191 as described by Polybius 20.9–10. Erich Gruen influentially interpreted Polybius’ description as inconsistent and exaggerated, on the grounds that Greeks and Romans from the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC had a common understanding of πίστις and fides and that Polybius’ own evidence on deditio was inconsistent. This paper reasserts the older view: that Greeks generally then had a hazy knowledge of Roman culture, including the practice of deditio, and that—even if weight be granted to factors such as the Roman commander’s personal character and ambitions or the historian’s supposed dislike of the Aetolians or his deployment of a degree of dramatic license or a possible ‘hardening’ in the Romans’ general practice—this passage properly emphasizes a genuine cultural clash, thereby promoting Polybius’ fundamental paideia-objective of teaching Greek readers, above all Greek politicians, how to respond competently to the realities of Roman power.
On the Translation of Polybius 1.1.2
Authors: Parmeggiani Giovanni
Published: September 2024

This paper deals with the meaning of the words πάντες ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν ἀρχῇ καὶ τέλει κέχρηνται τούτῳ in the proem to Polybius’ Histories (1.1.2). Unlike previous translations, the reading should be: ‘all of them [sc. the previous historians], from beginning to end, so to speak, made use of it [sc. praised history]’. In particular, ἀρχῇ καὶ τέλει should be linked to πάντες, and, together with it, referred to the insistence with which previous historians addressed the praise of history in their historical narratives, and to the community of earlier historians at whom Polybius looks back, albeit in a cursory way.
Mother of Snakes and Kings: Apollonius Rhodius' Foundation of Alexandria
Authors: Barbantani Silvia
Published: September 2024

Of all the lost Foundation Poems attributed to Apollonius Rhodius, active at the court of Ptolemy II, the Ktisis of Alexandria must have been the most important for his contemporaries, and surely is the most intriguing for modern scholars of the Hellenistic world. Unfortunately, only a brief mention of this epyllion survives, in a scholion to Nicander’s Theriaka, relating to the birth of poisonous snakes from the severed head of Medusa, carried by Perseus over Libya. Deadly and benign serpents belong to a multicultural symbolic imagery intertwined with the Greek, Macedonian, Egyptian and Jewish origins of the city. This paper explores the possible connections of the only episode preserved from Apollonius’ Ktisis with the most ancient known traditions on the foundation of Alexandria —possibly even created at the time of Alexander or of the first Lagid dynasts, Ptolemy I and II.
Ex Occidente imperium. Alexander the Great and the Mauryan Empire
Authors: Fauconnier Bram
Published: September 2024

Since the nineteenth century, many authors have seen the campaign of Alexander the Great in the Punjab as a pivotal moment in the history of the Indian subcontinent. British historians writing during the apex of Britain’s colonial rule perceived it as the coming of Western culture and civilization. Nationalistic Indian historians saw the Maurya Empire, which was established shortly after Alexander’s incursion, as a patriotic reaction to the foreign oppressor. This paper discusses both historiographical interpretations and questions Alexander’s role in the emerging of the Maurya Empire, emphasizing underlying structural reasons instead.
The Return of Theseus to Athens: A Case Study in Layered Tradition and Reception
Authors: Zaccarini Matteo
Published: September 2024

The Athenian recovery of Theseus' bones from Scyros is known through a number of literary accounts spanning several centuries. The tradition dates the recovery to the early fifth century and connects it to the Athenian statesman Cimon. Modern reconstructions tend to rely on the combination of different (and possibly conflicting) sources. An analysis of the evidence, however, shows that the story was built up over several centuries, as the various layers of the tradition date to different historical and cultural contexts: its core probably dates to the fourth century. Evidence for any fifth-century element is so scant that most of the story may be safely detached from its alleged historical context.
Mallonia
Authors: Champlin Edward
Published: September 2024

The horrific tale of Mallonia related by Suetonius at Tiberius 45 is a brilliant fiction.
Waiting for Solon: Audience Expectations in Herodotus
Authors: Branscome David
Published: September 2024

In this article, I focus not so much on what Solon actually says and does in his conversation with Croesus, but on what Herodotus’ readers, as well as Croesus himself, think Solon might say or do. I argue that Herodotus uses analogous episodes, those of Gyges, Candaules, and Candaules’ wife, of Arion and Periander, and of Bias/Pittacus and Croesus, to shape readers’ expectations of Solon’s conversation with Croesus, but he then subverts many of those expectations within the conversation itself. In so doing, Herodotus emphasises the programmatic function for the Histories of much of what Solon tells Croesus.
The Epic Vantage-Point: Roman Historiographical Allusion Reconsidered
Authors: Elliott Jackie
Published: September 2024

This paper makes the case that Roman epic and Roman historiographical allusive practices are worth examining in light of each other, given the close relationship between the two genres and their common goal of offering their audiences access to the past. Ennius’ Annales will here serve as epic’s representative, despite its fragmentary state: the fact that the epic shares its subject-matter with and pre-dates most of the Roman historiographical tradition as we know it suggests that the poem may have had a significant role in setting the terms on which the two genres interacted at Rome; and what the first surviving generation of its readers, as principally represented by Cicero, have to say about the epic rather confirms that suggestion (§I). Points of contact between the genres on which the paper focuses are: extended repetition of passages recognisable from previous authors (§II); allusion that is contested among the speakers of a given text (§III); citation practices (§IV); and the recurrence of recognisable material stemming from the Annales in the historiographical tradition’s latter-day, when all sense of that material’s original context has been lost, along with its ability to generate new meaning (§V).
Again on the Elephants of Raphia: Re-examining Polybius' Historical Method in the Light of a DNA Survey
Authors: Schneider Pierre
Published: September 2024

A recent DNA survey carried out in Eritrea provides the starting point for this article. It has been established that the elephants still roaming in the Gash Barka area are members of the species Loxodonta africana (or savannah elephant). This conclusion has unexpectedly challenged the commonly accepted opinion that the Ptolemies used elephants of the smaller species Loxodonta cyclotis (or forest elephant). This idea has long prevailed among historians because it gives a satisfactory explanation of a problematic passage by Polybius, but now it seems difficult to sustain. Thus this genetic study affords the opportunity of reexamining Polybius’ reasoning. I argue that his statement about the allegedly smaller Ptolemaic elephants, far from being mistaken, was an attempt by Polybius to explain their defeat with the best argument acceptable to his audience. In other words, the fundamental point is that he wanted to provide his readers with a reasonable explanation and demonstration, not with a factual statement.
Introduction: Collective Memory in Ancient Greek Culture: Concepts, Media, and Sources
Authors: Fragoulaki Maria
Published: September 2024

Published in C. Constantakopoulou and M. Fragoulaki, ed., Shaping Memory in Ancient Greece (HISTOS Supplement 11), p. ix-xliv.
The Blessed Isles and Counterfactual History in Sallust
Authors: Gerrish Jennifer
Published: September 2024

Sallust’s digression on the Blessed Isles in the Histories is an exercise in ‘what if?’ or counterfactual history. Sertorius dreamed of flight to the Isles. He never went, but what if he had? Pompey would not have been granted proconsular imperium to wage the Spanish War; this was an unlawful honour, and the first of many. Sallust invites us to imagine a different history in which Pompey’s early career was constrained by law and custom, and which, in turn, did not open the door for Octavian’s equally transgressive rise to power.
1. Introduction: War and its Narratives
Authors: Bruzzone Rachel
Published: September 2024

Published in Rachel Bruzzone, ed., Polemos and his Children (HISTOS Supplement 12), p. 1-15.
Τὴν ἐκβολὴν τοῦ λόγου ἐποιησάμην: Thucydides’ Chronicle in the Pentekontaetia (1.97–117) is not a Digression
Authors: Rusten Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2024

Τὴν ἐκβολὴν τοῦ λόγου ἐποιησάμην (1.97.2) means not ‘I made a digression in my narrative’ but is rather a periphrasis for τὸν λόγον ἐξέβαλον, ‘I have discarded my logos’ (here ‘plan’). It sets aside the Corcyra starting-point announced at 1.23.5–6, interrupted by listing the empire’s much earlier military actions following the league’s foundation. Two old objections are reconsidered. (1) ‘1.88 begins the flashback, so 1.97.2 is not a break’. 1.88–96 is, however, an orderly digression linked to Sparta’s war-vote, extending Herodotus 9.102–12 to the Delian League. 1.97.2 refuses to return to the main narrative. (2) ‘1.97.2 is a jumble of unrelated statements.’ Yet every sentence references τοσάδε/αὐτά, the upcoming content. This first-person preface reflects both its purpose in itself (filling a large gap, replacing Hellanicus) and within Book 1 (changing plan, documenting empire). After the chronicle Thucydides retraces his steps: 1.118 concatenates segments totaling fifty years, repeats 1.97.2, then 1.88, finally resuming 1.87.6 where his initial narrative broke off. 1.97.1 and 1.118 resemble 5.26, where the narrative-period is again extended, another gap filled, and multiple narratives again concatenated. 1.97.2 need not prove a later stage of composition: ‘Spartan fear’ of Athens is prominent (but not to be narrated) in 1.23.6 and later (unless we implausibly remove these as later insertions also).