bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Ion Pairing and Transport in Localized High‐Concentration Electrolytes for Reversible Lithium Metal Anodes at Low Temperatures
Authors: Zhao Zhengfei , Wang Aoxuan , Chen Aosai , Zhao Yumeng , Hu Zhenglin , Wu Kai , Luo Jiayan
Published: July 2024

Coulombic efficiency of over 99 % is rarely achieved for Li metal anode below −40 °C, hindering the practical application of high‐energy‐density Li metal batteries under extreme conditions. Herein, limiting factors for Li metal reversibility are investigated utilizing ether‐based localized high‐concentration electrolytes of different solvent‐diluent combinations. We find that along with the desolvation barrier, bulk ion transport properties including ionic conductivity, transference number, and diffusivity are also crucial factors for low‐temperature Li deposition behavior. Superior Li metal reversibility was observed within the combination of the solvent with moderately weak solvating power and the diluent with minimal viscosity, highlighting the role of ion transport and the necessity for a trade‐off with desolvation. The optimized electrolyte composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, methyl n‐propyl ether, and 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl methyl ether delivers exceptional Coulombic efficiency of 99.34 % at −40 °C and 98.96 % at −60 °C under a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, Li||LiCoO2 (2.7 mAh cm−2) cells demonstrate impressive reversible capacity and cycling stability at these temperatures. This work sheds light on the less‐recognized relevance of bulk ion transport to low‐temperature performance and provides guidelines for the electrolyte design of Li metal batteries operating in cold environments.
Fabrication of lightweight polyethersulfone foams with enhanced surface quality and high specific flexural properties using micro‐opening microcellular injection molding
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Ma Yuhao , Zhu Zhiwen , He Hezhi
Published: July 2024

Polyethersulfone (PES) is distinguished by its exceptional comprehensive properties, making it a highly valued engineering plastic employed in various cutting‐edge fields. However, the high cost of PES limits its wider application in industrial fields. Considering the cost‐reduction advantages of polymer foaming, PES foams were successfully prepared in this work using microcellular injection molding (MIM) and micro‐opening microcellular injection molding (MOMIM) foaming methods. Compared with the MIM foaming method, the PES foam samples prepared by the MOMIM foaming method have better microcellular structure and surface quality. As the micro‐opening distance increased, the cell density of the PES foam samples showed a gradual rise before plateauing, with the cell size remaining relatively constant. As a result, the density of the PES foam sample dropped to 1.07 g/cm3, which is 80.5% of the solid PES sample. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of the PES foam samples remained robust, with both the specific flexural modulus and the specific flexural strength showing increases as the micro‐opening distance increased. The knowledge obtained from this study provides a method for preparing high‐performance PES foam materials, which will facilitate the application of PES in more civilian fields.
Nanocarbons‐Based Trifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting and Metal‐Air Batteries: Metal‐Free and Hybrid Electrocatalysts
Authors: Saji Viswanathan S.
Published: July 2024

Trifunctional electrocatalysts, an exciting class of materials that can simultaneously catalyze hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), can significantly enhance the performance and economic viability of electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies such as water‐splitting electrolyzers, metal‐air batteries, fuel cells and their integrated devices. Such multifunctional electrocatalysts encompass multiple active sites that can simultaneously catalyze two or more different electrochemical reactions and are feasible routes for addressing global energy and environmental challenges. This review accounts for nanocarbons‐based trifunctional electrocatalysts reported for electrolyzers, metal‐air batteries and integrated electrolyzer‐battery systems, providing a practical perspective. Metal‐free and hybrid (hybrids of nanocarbons and transition metals/compounds) trifunctional electrocatalysts are covered. Given the growing importance of green technologies, we discuss biomass‐derived carbon‐based trifunctional electrocatalysts separately. The collective information provided in the review could help researchers derive more effective and durable trifunctional electrocatalysts suitable for commercial use.
Deciphering the layers of reading achievement: A multi‐level analysis of student and school‐level predictors in top‐performing PIRLS 2021 countries
Authors: Pongsophon Pongprapan
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the student‐ and school‐level predictors of reading performance across five top‐performing countries in the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2021. Utilising a multilevel analysis, the research examines the influence of cognitive development, socio‐cultural contexts and educational environments on reading achievement. The results reveal significant variances both between and within schools, highlighting the critical role of educational policies and practices in shaping student outcomes. Finland, known for its equity‐focused education system, demonstrates low between‐school variance, while Russia shows high between‐school variance owing to socio‐economic disparities. Key student‐level predictors include gender, digital self‐efficacy and a sense of school belonging, varying in significance across countries. At the school level, factors such as the number of computers, principal experience and academic emphasis significantly influence reading scores. The full model, incorporating both student‐ and school‐level predictors, explains a substantial portion of the variance in reading scores, especially in Hong Kong and Russia. These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach to educational research, considering both individual and institutional factors. Policy implications suggest targeted interventions for countries with high between‐school variances and support for inclusive learning environments where within‐school variances are significant. Future research should explore the impact of non‐cognitive factors and emerging educational practices on reading performance to develop more effective educational strategies globally.
Preliminary assessment of augmentative and alternative communication‐related stereotypy
Authors: Andzik Natalie R. , Walker Stephen F. , O’Hara Cassandra A. , Camacho Samantha A. , Landmeier Lacey , Brander Mary
Published: July 2024

Improving social communication and reducing challenging forms of restricted and repetitive behaviors (i.e., stereotypy) are often the focus of behavioral interventions for individuals with autism and other developmental disabilities. Interventions incorporating augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are utilized to improve independent communication. However, using electronic AAC devices (e.g., iPads) may increase stereotypic behaviors (i.e., pressing the same icon on an AAC device two or more times within 2 s), which may impact the development and maintenance of communication skills. There is a shortage of research focusing on AAC‐related stereotypy, with only one study that includes a systematic assessment and treatment evaluation (Cook et al., 2017). The purpose of the current investigation was to conduct a functional analysis screening procedure that only included play and no‐interaction conditions to adequately assess the function of AAC‐related stereotypy. We sought to ask, how client‐specific modifications to functional assessment procedures affect the outcomes of functional assessments of AAC‐related stereotypy. Initial findings suggest that AAC‐related stereotypy is often automatically reinforced, but its occurrence can be sensitive to the presence/absence of specific environmental stimuli.
Simultaneous presentation and differential reinforcement to increase consumption
Authors: Peterson Kathryn M. , Crowley‐Zalaket Jaime G. , Ibañez Vivian F.
Published: July 2024

Many autistic children display feeding difficulties and consume a limited food variety. These feeding difficulties could be conceptualized as change‐resistant behavior because children often exhibit rigid mealtime routines, avoid novel foods, and only consume foods according to specific types, textures, or under specific mealtime conditions. Currently, behavior‐analytic treatments for pediatric feeding disorders have the most empirical support and many studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of extinction‐based treatments. However, there is less research on alternative treatments for increasing consumption of novel or non‐preferred foods among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the current study, we evaluated simultaneous presentation and differential reinforcement to increase consumption of novel, target foods for two participants with ASD and change‐resistant feeding behavior.
Integrating advanced computational skills into engineering education: A discipline‐based approach
Authors: Abell José A. , Moreno‐Casas Patricio A. , Recabarren Matías
Published: July 2024

In an era where technology continually reshapes the landscape of professional practice, it has become relevant to equip engineering students with advanced computational skills beyond programming. This article presents a novel discipline‐based framework designed to integrate advanced computational skills into engineering education. Responding to challenges such as the disconnection between computational abilities and domain‐specific knowledge, and student demotivation due to overwhelming technological challenges, this study aims to validate the impact of the framework on domain learning, computational skill acquisition, and perceived future utility. Implementing a case study approach, we explore the development of high‐performance computing skills within a project‐based learning context in Civil Engineering. Results indicate significant improvements in students' understanding of both computational concepts and the engineering domain, evidenced by enhanced self‐perception and positive Technology Acceptance Model outcomes. The framework facilitated a meaningful connection between computational skills and professional applications, as seen in students' project reflections. Despite the promising results, the necessity for instructors to possess and impart computational knowledge is highlighted as an important factor for successful integration. This study contributes to educational computing research by providing a scalable approach to embedding advanced computational skills in engineering curricula, addressing existing educational challenges, and suggesting directions for future research.
Sodium Acrylate Synthesis Through CO2 and Ethylene Coupling Catalyzed by Pd: Solvent Effects and PdBr2 as a Surprisingly Suitable Precursor
Authors: Kunihiro Kana Y. , Marty Audrey , Chahen Ludovic , Magna Lionel , Asensio Juan M.
Published: July 2024

Pd‐catalyzed carboxylation of ethylene into sodium acrylate is an industrially relevant reaction that has gained increasing attention in the last years. By this process, CO2 can be transformed into a value‐added molecule in a single, high atom economy step. However, there is still some room for improvement since the productivity of the reference catalyst is rather low. A key aspect to achieve this goal concerns the good understanding of reaction mechanism. Herein, we combine experimental and DFT studies to gain some knowledge on the reactivity and catalytic performance of the Pd/dicyclohexylphosphinoethane (dcpe) system. First, we were able to understand the influence of the solvent on the reaction, and we demonstrated that DMF was the best candidate due to the more efficient formation of the Pd‐metallalactone. Moreover, we have demonstrated that highly available and less costly PdBr2 can be a suitable precursor, as PdII is reduced in situ in DMF in the presence of an excess of NaOtBu. Finally, the role of different monophosphine additives has been elucidated, which permitted us to rationally improve the catalytic performance.
Tracking Microenvironmental Response on Self‐Assembled Phthalocyanine Systems – Adaptive and Non‐Adaptive Antibacterial Photosensitization
Authors: Galstyan Anzhela
Published: July 2024

Self‐assembly has proven to be one of the effective methods for the formation of nanoscale therapeutics without the need to use nanodelivery systems. Such minimal models of supramolecular systems formed from amphiphilic photosensitizers (PS) have recently emerged as a new class of photoactive systems, providing unique and in some cases superior activities. Although the mechanism of photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in such systems is studied and to a certain extent understood, there are very limited studies investigating the influence of intricate environmental factors, including those occurring in the cellular environment, on the self‐assembly and thus the activity of the system. Understanding the optimal conditions for the formation of active PS aggregates is an important area of research in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT), as it is directly linked to the optimal treatment dose. In this study, we describe the synthesis, self‐assembly properties, photophysical characterization, and photobiological efficacy of structurally closely related low‐symmetry phthalocyanine derivatives. Studying the decay behavior of the PS fluorescence lifetime in the presence of molecular crowders and different bacterial strains, we found that certain derivatives exhibited adaptive behavior and change in activity, while others demonstrated non‐adaptive characteristics.
Electrocatalytic Dinitrogen Reduction to Ammonia Using Easily Reducible N‐Fused Cobalt Porphyrins
Authors: Ganesan Ashwin , Hajiseyedjavadi Alireza , Rathi Pinki , Kafle Alankar , Adesope Qasim , Kumar Sandeep , Mesilov Vitaly , Kelber Jeffry A. , Cundari Thomas R. , Sankar Muniappan , D'Souza Francis
Published: July 2024

Single‐site molecular electrocatalysts, especially those that perform catalytic conversion of N2 to NH3 under mild conditions, are highly desirable to derive fundamental structure‐activity relations and as potential alternatives to the current energy‐consuming Haber‐Bosch ammonia production process. Combining theoretical calculations with experimental evidence, it has been shown that easily reducible cobalt porphyrins catalyze the six‐electron, six‐proton reduction of dinitrogen to NH3 at neutral pH and under ambient conditions. Two easily reducible N‐fused cobalt porphyrins – CoNHF and CoNHF(Br)2 – reveal NRR activity with Faradic efficiencies between 6–7.5 % with ammonia yield rates of 300–340 μmol g−1 h−1. Contrary to this, much harder‐to‐reduce N‐fused porphyrins – CoNHF(Ph)2 and CoNHF(PE)2 – reveal no NRR activity. The present study highlights the significance of tuning the redox and structural properties of single‐site NRR electrocatalysts for improved NRR activity under mild conditions.
Global cancer statistics 2022
Authors: Nierengarten Mary Beth
Published: July 2024

This news section offers Cancer readers timely information on events, public policy analysis, topical issues, and personalities. In this issue, the global cancer statistics for 2022 offer a view on disparities in the incidence and mortality of cancer by sex and region worldwide and on the areas needing attention. In addition, articles address a potential new therapy for KRAS‐mutated colorectal cancer and inequities in breast cancer from prevention through supportive care.
Surface‐Reengineering of BNNs@Hydrocarbon Polymer Composites for Ultra‐Low Dielectric Constant for High‐Frequency Applications
Authors: Zahidul Islam MD , Deb Hridam , Khalid Hasan MD , Abdullaev Azim , Peng Kun , Shi Shuaida , Dong Yubing , Fu Yaqin
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the synthesis and evaluation of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) composites with surface‐engineered boron nitride nanosheets (BNNs) at various concentrations. The study focuses on the impact of Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on BNNs′ surface functionalization to improve their dispersion within the COC matrix, including its dielectric behavior, dielectric breakdown strength, thermal management capabilities, hygroscopic properties, and mechanical robustness. The methodological approach adopted for the fabrication of COC/BNNs hybrid composites commenced with the synthesis of BNNs, surface functionalization of BNNs, in‐situ mixing and hot‐press. This step aimed to enhance compatibility and adhesion between BNNs and the COC matrix, facilitating more homogeneous nanofiller dispersion. The investigative scope of this study encompassed a rigorous evaluation of the resultant composites, with a particular emphasis on their dielectric properties. The dielectric constant (ϵ′) and loss tangent (δ) were measured at a frequency of 10 GHz, revealing an ultra‐low dielectric constant of 1.28, an exceptionally minimal loss tangent of 0.000146, a remarkable 327% (In‐plane) & 129% (axial) increase of thermal conductivity, significant improvement of dielectric breakdown strength up to 88.4 mV/mm, and low water absorptions observed. These results indicate the potential of COC/BNNs composites for high‐frequency electronic packaging applications requiring low dielectric constants.
Pharmacokinetic Profile and Comparative Bioavailability of an Oral Fixed‐Dose Combination of Metformin and Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)
Authors: Garza‐Ocañas Lourdes , Badillo‐Castañeda Christian T. , Montoya‐Eguía Sandra L. , Zanatta‐Calderón Maria T. , Sáenz‐Chávez Pedro Lennon , Torres‐Garza Julia D. , Rodriguez‐Vazquez Ileana C. , Romero‐Antonio Yulia , Rios‐Brito Kevin F. , González‐Canudas Jorge
Published: July 2024

Patients with diabetes face a 2‐4‐fold greater cardiovascular risk compared to those without diabetes. Both metformin and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) treatment have demonstrated a significant reduction in this risk. This single‐center, open‐label, sequence randomized, 2 × 2 crossover, single‐dose clinical trial evaluated the pharmacokinetics profile and comparative bioavailability of a novel oral fixed‐dose combination (FDC) of metformin/acetylsalicylic acid (500/100 mg tablet) versus the reference mono‐drugs administered concomitantly, metformin 500 mg tablet and acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg tablet, in 22 healthy Mexican adult volunteers under fasting conditions. Blood samples were collected predose and at specified intervals across a 24‐hour period following administration and were analyzed for metformin and salicylic acid using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Test products were considered to have comparative bioavailability if confidence intervals of natural log‐transformed (maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax), (area under the plasma drug concentration‐time curve form 0 up to last sampling time (AUC0‐t), and (area under the plasma drug concentration‐time cruve from 0 up to infinity (AUC0∞) data were within the range of 80%‐125%. The results obtained from the present clinical study demonstrate the comparative bioavailability of the FDC when compared with the coadministration of reference mono‐drugs. There were no adverse events or adverse reactions reported throughout the study.
Depletion‐assisted multiplexed cell‐free RNA sequencing reveals distinct human and microbial signatures in plasma versus extracellular vesicles
Authors: Wang Hongke , Zhan Qing , Ning Meng , Guo Hongjie , Wang Qian , Zhao Jiuliang , Bao Pengfei , Xing Shaozhen , Chen Shanwen , Zuo Shuai , Xia Xuefeng , Li Mengtao , Wang Pengyuan , Lu Zhi John
Published: July 2024

Background

Cell‐free long RNAs in human plasma and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise as biomarkers in liquid biopsy, despite their fragmented nature.

Methods

To investigate these fragmented cell‐free RNAs (cfRNAs), we developed a cost‐effective cfRNA sequencing method called DETECTOR‐seq (depletion‐assisted multiplexed cell‐free total RNA sequencing). DETECTOR‐seq utilised a meticulously tailored set of customised guide RNAs to remove large amounts of unwanted RNAs (i.e., fragmented ribosomal and mitochondrial RNAs) in human plasma. Early barcoding strategy was implemented to reduce costs and minimise plasma requirements.

Results

Using DETECTOR‐seq, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of cell‐free transcriptomes in both whole human plasma and EVs. Our analysis revealed discernible distributions of RNA types in plasma and EVs. Plasma exhibited pronounced enrichment in structured circular RNAs, tRNAs, Y RNAs and viral RNAs, while EVs showed enrichment in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and signal recognition particle RNAs (srpRNAs). Functional pathway analysis highlighted RNA splicing‐related ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and antimicrobial humoral response genes in plasma, while EVs demonstrated enrichment in transcriptional activity, cell migration and antigen receptor‐mediated immune signals. Our study indicates the comparable potential of cfRNAs from whole plasma and EVs in distinguishing cancer patients (i.e., colorectal and lung cancer) from healthy donors. And microbial cfRNAs in plasma showed potential in classifying specific cancer types.

Conclusions

Our comprehensive analysis of total and EV cfRNAs in paired plasma samples provides valuable insights for determining the need for EV purification in cfRNA‐based studies. We envision the cost effectiveness and efficiency of DETECTOR‐seq will empower transcriptome‐wide investigations in the fields of cfRNAs and liquid biopsy.

Keypoints

DETECTOR‐seq (depletion‐assisted multiplexed cell‐free total RNA sequencing) enabled efficient and specific depletion of sequences derived from fragmented ribosomal and mitochondrial RNAs in plasma.

Distinct human and microbial cell‐free RNA (cfRNA) signatures in whole Plasma versus extracellular vesicles (EVs) were revealed.

Both Plasma and EV cfRNAs were capable of distinguishing cancer patients from normal individuals, while microbial RNAs in Plasma cfRNAs enabled better classification of cancer types than EV cfRNAs.
IL‐17 is associated with disease severity and targetable inflammatory processes in heart failure
Authors: Baumhove Lukas , van Essen Bart J. , Dokter Martin M. , Zijlstra Sietske N. , Deiman Frederik E. , Laman Jon D. , Lang Chim C. , Verstappen Gwenny M.P.J. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , van der Meer Peter , Bomer Nils , Voors Adriaan A.
Published: July 2024

Aims

Heart failure (HF) is recognized as an inflammatory disease in which cytokines play an important role. In animal HF models, interleukin‐17A (IL‐17) has been linked to deterioration of cardiac function and fibrosis, whereas knock‐out of IL‐17 showed beneficial cardiac effects. However, there is limited evidence of IL‐17 involvement in patients with HF. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and pathophysiological processes associated with circulating IL‐17 concentrations in patients with HF.

Methods and results

IL‐17 was measured by ELISA in 2082 patients diagnosed with HF along with 363 circulating proteins using proximity extension assay technology for differential expression and pathway analysis. Data were validated in an independent cohort of 1737 patients with HF. Patients with elevated IL‐17 concentrations had more severe HF, as reflected by more frequent current or previous hospitalizations for HF, higher New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) and higher levels of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP). High IL‐17 concentrations were independently associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for HF and mortality. In both cohorts, the most strongly up‐regulated proteins in patients with high IL‐17 were fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF‐21), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6B (TNFRSF6B) and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA). Pathway over‐representation analysis showed increased activity of pathways related to lymphocyte‐mediated immunity, leukocyte activation and regulation of the immune response.

Conclusions

In patients with HF, elevated IL‐17 concentrations indicate more severe HF and increased activity of inflammatory processes known to be involved in the pathophysiology of HF. IL‐17 might hold potential for identifying and targeting inflammation in HF.
Perspective‐taking predicts success in coalition formation
Authors: Cantiani Anabela , van Beest Ilja , Cruijssen Frans , Kant Goos , Erle Thorsten M.
Published: July 2024

Predominant economic theories of coalition formation assume that the best strategy during coalition negotiations is to approach as few partners as possible with self‐serving offers that barely beat all other competitors while maximizing one's profit. Accordingly, to be included in a winning coalition, one needs to be able to predict others’ intentions, which is called perspective‐taking. However, economists derived the idea that these strategies lead to success from observed coalition outcomes, rather than testing the role of perspective‐taking empirically or modeling coalition negotiation dynamics. The present research revisits these theories from a psychological perspective within a novel coalition formation game that mimics common problems in horizontal supply chain collaboration. In line with theories of coalition formation, perspective‐taking during the negotiation predicted higher inclusion in winning coalitions and higher monetary payoffs, but unexpectedly also longer negotiations. Contrary to predominant theories, perspective‐taking led individuals to approach more partners and make other‐serving offers, suggesting that successful coalition negotiations rely on different mechanisms than previously thought. These results are also practically relevant because companies often fail to orchestrate their transport flows, which leads to economic losses and environmental damage. These insights are valuable as they call for a psychological revision of predominant theories on coalition formation and shed light on how social behaviour influences horizontal collaboration in the transport sector. Furthermore, these findings underscore the potential of coalition‐driven approaches in mitigating environmental consequences, offering a pathway toward sustainable practices in the face of climate challenges.
Nanofluid‐Cooled Microchannel‐Integrated Metal Foam/Phase Change Material Composite‐Based Li‐Ion Battery Pack Design
Authors: Kumar Kartik , Sarkar Jahar , Mondal Swasti Sundar
Published: July 2024

Hybrid cooling has emerged recently for lithium‐ion batteries, and proper pack design is essential for safe operation. Hence, this research explores a novel approach using wavy microchannels in phase change material (PCM) + aluminum foam packs for cylindrical batteries. A comparison between active cooling (microchannels in aluminum block) and hybrid cooling (microchannels in PCM block and foam‐PCM block) employing MXene + Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid is made, followed by the impact of the number of microchannels and foam porosity on the cooling effectiveness. Findings indicate that the foam‐PCM yields significantly lower and (309.86 and 2.55 K, respectively) with seven microchannels at 3C discharge with porosity of 85% and pore density of 50 PPI. This also shows a better temperature distribution than other considered blocks. With the increase in porosity from 75% to 95%, there is an adverse effect on and within the cells, which increases from 309.75 to 310.24 K and 2.16 to 3.62 K, respectively. With the increase in microchannels from three to nine, the decreases from 310.04 to 309.72 K, while the increases from 2.05 to 2.85 K. The proposed pack (having moderate weight) yields superior thermal performance, and the enhanced battery life can justify the increased cost.
Circadian copeptin and oxytocin profiles in anorexia nervosa: Exploring the interplay with neurohypophysis opioid tone
Authors: Doua Sandra , Germain Natacha , Merabet Manel , Redouté Jérôme , Boutet Claire , Schneider Fabien , Hammour Amira , Gay Aurélia , Massoubre Catherine , Estour Bruno , Galusca Bogdan
Published: July 2024

Context

Neurohypophysis (NH) function in eating disorders (ED) remains poorly elucidated. Studies on vasopressin and oxytocin display inconclusive findings regarding their levels and associations with psychological complications in ED. The profile of opioid tone, a crucial NH activity regulator, is also unknown.

Objective

To characterise the circadian profile of NH hormones and NH opioid tone using positron emission tomography/MRI (PET/MRI) imaging in patients with ED compared to healthy controls.

Methods

Twelve‐point plasma circadian profiles of copeptin and oxytocin, alongside nutritional and psychological scores, were assessed in age‐matched female participants: 13 patients with anorexia nervosa restrictive‐type (ANR), 12 patients recovered from AN (ANrec), 14 patients with bulimia nervosa and 12 controls. Neurohypophysis PET/MRI [11C] diprenorphin binding potential (BPND) was evaluated in AN, ANrec and controls.

Results

Results revealed lower copeptin circadian levels in both ANR and ANrec compared to controls, with no oxytocin differences. Bulimia nervosa exhibited elevated copeptin and low oxytocin levels. [11C] diprenorphin pituitary binding was fully localised in NH. Anorexia nervosa restrictive‐type displayed lower NH [11C] diprenorphin BPND (indicating higher opioid tone) and volume than controls. In ANR, copeptin inversely correlated with osmolarity. Neurohypophysis [11C] diprenorphin BPND did not correlated with copeptin or oxytocin.

Conclusion

Copeptin demonstrated significant group differences, highlighting its potential diagnostic and prognostic value. Oxytocin levels exhibited conflicting results, questioning the reliability of peripheral blood assessment. Increased NH opioid tone in anorexia nervosa may influence the vasopressin or oxytocin release, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.
Anti‐anemic potential of Eruca sativa L. in iron‐deficient rat model; network pharmacology profiling
Authors: Javed Sana , Shahzadi Zainab , Yousaf Zubaida , Anjum Irfan , Aftab Arusa , Hanif Samina , Maqbool Zainab , Ullah Riaz , Raza Muhammad Ahmer , Iqbal Zafar
Published: July 2024

Iron deficiency anemia is a global health concern, affecting around 2 billion people. Oral iron therapy often causes severe gastro‐intestinal issues. Eruca sativa, member of the Brassicaceae family, is valued in traditional medicine and renowned for its rich iron and vitamin C content. This study aims to evaluate the anti‐anemic properties of E. sativa extract in vivo and identify its compounds targeting anemia mechanisms using network pharmacology. Thirty‐two Sprague–Dawley rats (200 ± 250 g) were split into two distinct groups, iron‐deficient and iron‐sufficient. Three different doses (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) of aqueous extract of E. sativa were checked against anemia by studying hematological, oxidative stress, and histopathological parameters. GC–MS analysis of E. sativa revealed its phytochemical profile, followed by ADME screening. Network pharmacology explored targets related to iron deficiency anemia, with oral bioavailability and drug likeness assessment for compounds. The administration of extracts significantly improved various blood parameters, including osmotic fragility, Hb, RBCs, MCV, PCV, and alkaline phosphatase; catalase activity; and histopathological parameters such as liver in both iron‐deficient and iron‐sufficient rats (p < .001). Seventy‐nine compounds were identified in E. sativa aqueous extract, with only six of them found to be bioavailable and drug‐like against multiple targets. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed their diverse molecular, biological, and cellular functions. One gene EGFR was found to have functional association with ID anemia, suggesting potential for using E. sativa extracts. The study concludes that E. sativa extract has potential for iron deficiency anemia treatment, offering hope for future pharmaceutical interventions.
Surface plasmon resonance, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies of lysozyme interaction with tannic acid
Authors: Türkoğlu Emir Alper , Taştekil Ilgaz , Özbek Sarica Pemra
Published: July 2024

Lysozyme (LZM) is an important enzyme in medicine and industry. Tannic acid (TA) is used in brewing, wine industry, and as a food flavor enhancer. In nutritional and food science, LZM interacts with TA, notably in wine and saliva. This study aimed to investigate the binding interaction between LZM and TA using surface plasmon resonance, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Chicken egg white lysozyme (CEWLZM) was applied as a model protein. Tri‐N‐acetylchitotriose (NAG3), the known inhibitor of CEWLZM, was used in the redocking experiments to determine the precise binding location within the complex. The average binding energies obtained from docking NAG3 and tannic acid to the target structure of CEWLZM were found to be −6.46 ± 0.05 kcal/mol and −7.52 ± 0.39 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding free energy of the CEWLZM‐TA complex was then calculated as −27.61 kcal/mol by MMPBSA based on MD simulation trajectories. The observed interactions between the ligands and the lysozyme structure were mainly driven by hydrophobic, van der Waals, and H‐bond interactions formed by the active site residues. MD simulations showed consistent and satisfactory binding distances between CEWLZM and TA throughout the analysis. SPR analysis was performed using 1X PBS buffer (pH 7.4) as coupling and running buffers, 30 μL/min as flow rate, and 2.5 mg/mL CEWLZM. Serial concentrations of TA (20–150 μM) were injected through immobilized CEWLZM, and the KD value of CEWLZM‐TA binding was obtained as 4.17 × 10−5 M. This study could enhance existing literature and pave the way for future research in food science and oral biology.
Microscopic photoplethysmography‐based evaluation of cardiotoxicity in whitefish larvae induced by acute exposure to cadmium and phenol
Authors: Machikhin Alexander , Guryleva Anastasia , Chakraborty Anirban , Khokhlov Demid , Selyukov Alexander , Shuman Leonid , Bukova Valeriya , Efremova Ekaterina , Rudenko Ekaterina , Burlakov Alexander
Published: July 2024

Toxic environmental pollutants pose a health risk for both humans and animals. Accumulation of industrial contaminants in freshwater fish may become a significant threat to biodiversity. Comprehensive monitoring of the impact of environmental stressors on fish functional systems is important and use of non‐invasive tools that can detect the presence of these toxicants in vivo is desirable. The blood circulatory system, by virtue of its sensitivity to the external stimuli, could be an informative indicator of chemical exposure. In this study, microscopic photoplethysmography‐based approach was used to investigate the cardiac activity in broad whitefish larvae (Coregonus nasus) under acute exposure to cadmium and phenol. We identified contamination‐induced abnormalities in the rhythms of the ventricle and atrium. Our results allow introducing additional endpoints to evaluate the cardiac dysfunction in fish larvae and contribute to the non‐invasive evaluation of the toxic effects of industrial pollutants on bioaccumulation and aquatic life.
Electronic medical record clinical workload metrics from 10,210 gastroenterologists in North America
Authors: Huang Jeannie S. , Bialostozky Mario
Published: July 2024

In the United States, clinical work had been primarily compensated via a relative value unit (RVU) system reliant on professional surveys estimating the value of clinical care events. However, with the advent of time‐based billing in 2021, time accounting has become an important work compensation metric. The Signal functionality within Epic, the most widely used electronic medical record (EMR) system in North America, tracks clinician time within the system. We extracted Epic Signal data from 10,200 gastroenterologists at 356 North American institutions for analysis. Workload metrics were reported as group median (interquartile range) per month and comparisons were performed using nonparametric testing. Gastroenterologists exhibit different EMR time patterns based on clientele and practice arenas. Compared with counterparts, pediatric and academic gastroenterologists spend more time at each encounter which had not been compensated under prior RVU valuations. Clinical compensation benchmarks should be driven by time‐based workload metrics to ensure appropriate compensation.
The Design and Fabrication of Engineered Tubular Tissue Constructs Enabled by Electrohydrodynamic Fabrication Techniques: A Review
Authors: Zhang Fucheng , Cao Kai , Zaeri Ahmadreza , Zgeib Ralf , Chang Robert C.
Published: July 2024

Electrohydrodynamic processes have emerged as promising methods for fabricating polymetric fiber‐based artificial tubular tissues. Existing review articles focus on the biological applications and processing materials associated with electrohydrodynamic processes in artificial tubular constructs, while overlooking the design and fabrication of these constructs. To address this gap, this review article emphasizes the design and fabrication of tubular tissue constructs enabled by employing electrohydrodynamic processes. This article begins by presenting an overview of two electrohydrodynamic processes: solution electrospinning (SE) and melt electrowriting (MEW). It then delves into the control of the fiber diameter enabled by SE and MEW, offering insights into the manipulation of processing parameters to achieve desired fiber diameters. Additionally, the review highlights cutting‐edge strategies for electrohydrodynamic processes to create tubular structures with customized microarchitectures. This includes fiber alignment control for SE and pore morphology design for MEW. Moreover, the review covers the creation of customized macroscale tubular geometries through collector geometry design. Lastly, a comprehensive survey is presented for designing multiphasic tubular structures specifically for electrohydrodynamic techniques or in tandem with other techniques. The objective of this review is to offer a thorough understanding of the design considerations and potential applications of tubular structures fabricated by electrohydrodynamic processes.
Cancer‐associated fibroblast‐derived colony‐stimulating factor 2 confers acquired osimertinib resistance in lung adenocarcinoma via promoting ribosome biosynthesis
Authors: Huang Yutang , Wang Xiaoqing , Wen Chunjie , Wang Jingchan , Zhou Honghao , Wu Lanxiang
Published: July 2024

Acquired resistance is a major obstacle to the therapeutic efficacy of osimertinib in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cell type in LUAD tumor‐microenvironment (TME) and have emerged as a key player in chemoresistance. However, the function of CAFs in osimertinib resistance is still unclear. Here, we showed that CAFs derived from osimertinib‐resistant LUAD tissues (CAFOR) produced much more colony‐stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) than those isolated from osimertinib‐sensitive tissues. CAFOR‐derived CSF2 activated the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway and upregulated lnc‐CSRNP3 in LUAD cells. Lnc‐CSRNP3 then promoted the expression of nearby gene CSRNP3 by recruiting chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 9 (CHD9) and inhibited the phosphatase activity of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit α (PP1α), thereby induced osimertinib resistance by enhancing ribosome biogenesis. Collectively, our study reveals a critical role for CAFs in the development of osimertinib resistance and identifies the CSF2 pathway as an attractive target for monitoring osimertinib efficacy and overcoming osimertinib resistance in LUAD.
Two Massachusetts hospitals ranked top in nation for psychiatry
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: July 2024

Boston's Massachusetts General Hospital has been named the number one hospital in the country for psychiatry, followed by McLean Hospital in Belmont at number two, according to U.S. News & World Report in its 2024–2025 Best Hospitals ranking.
A clinical application for arterial coupling and histomorphometric comparison of internal mammary and thoracodorsal arteries for safe use
Authors: Lohasammakul Suphalerk , Lee Seok Joon , Suppasilp Chaiyawat , Sirivongs Natawan , Koedpuech Kasem , Numwong Terasut , Ratanalekha Rosarin , Han Hyun Ho
Published: July 2024

Background

In breast reconstruction, arterial coupling has been reported to be more favorable in the thoracodorsal artery (TDA) than the internal mammary artery (IMA). This technique may help overcome anastomosis in a small, deep space. Understanding the arteries' mechanical properties is crucial for breast reconstruction's safety and success.

Methods

Abdominal‐based free flap breast reconstructions performed by a single surgeon between 2020 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were classified by microanastomosis technique (handsewn and coupler device) to compare the rate of vascular revision. Histomorphometric analysis of arterial coupling in TDA and IMA was performed in 10 fresh cadavers for comparing wall thickness and composition, including densities of elastic fiber, smooth muscle, and collagen.

Results

A total of 309 patients (339 reconstructed breasts) were included. There were 29 patients in the TDA handsewn group (A), 38 patients in the TDA coupler group (B), and 242 patients in the IMA handsewn group (C). The rates of arterial revision in groups A, B, and C were 0.00% (95%CI: 0.00%–11.03%), 2.5% (95%CI: 0.44%–12.88%), and 1.49% (95%CI: 0.58%–3.77%), respectively, with no statistically significant differences (p‐value = .694). Histologically, the thickness of the tunica media and adventitia between IMA and TDA showed no significant difference. The density of elastic fiber was significantly higher in IMA (16.70%) than in TDA (0.79%) (p‐value <.001).

Conclusion

The histologic characteristics of TDA are more favorable for arterial coupling than those of IMA. Arterial coupling is a safe option in situations where TDA anastomosis must be performed through a narrow and deep incision.
Propeller flap's assisted recipient site closure after free SCIP flap coverage of medial ankle defect: A case report
Authors: Meroni Matteo , Scaglioni Mario F.
Published: July 2024

Defects in the distal lower limbs are common in the field of orthoplastic reconstruction. The ankle area presents little subcutaneous tissue and is often affected by high‐energy traumas and bone fractures. Wounds in this region are frequently associated with severe edema that might prevent primary closure. Due to its thinness and tension, the skin overlying both the medial and lateral malleoli is prone to necrosis, which can further lead to large soft tissue defects. Vessels, nerves, and tendons can easily become exposed. The reconstructive approach should aim to provide high‐quality tissue that is durable enough to withstand the weight‐bearing pressures and the friction from shoes, while remaining sufficiently elastic to conform to the shape of the ankle and to permit the foot movement. In this study, we describe the use of an additional propeller flap to reduce skin tension at the recipient site. A superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap was utilized to cover a defect below the medial malleolus. However, after flap inset, achieving a primary closure of the proximal wound without tension was not possible. During the dissection of the posterior tibial artery, perforator vessels were identified and preserved. The larger of these vessels was then used to vascularize a propeller flap, which was then rotated toward the defect to aid a tension‐free closure. The postoperative course was uneventful. This case may provide a valuable insight into the challenges often faced during wound closure, even after flap inset. Since the flap itself may increase the width of the dissection area, the present case shows the importance of preserving perforator vessels during the proximal dissection since they can allow the harvest of an additional flap to achieve primary closure and further alleviate tension.
The nearest graph Laplacian in Frobenius norm
Authors: Sato Kazuhiro , Suzuki Masato
Published: July 2024

We address the problem of finding the nearest graph Laplacian to a given matrix, with the distance measured using the Frobenius norm. Specifically, for the directed graph Laplacian, we propose two novel algorithms by reformulating the problem as convex quadratic optimization problems with a special structure: one based on the active set method and the other on direct computation of Karush–Kuhn–Tucker points. The proposed algorithms can be applied to system identification and model reduction problems involving Laplacian dynamics. We demonstrate that these algorithms possess lower time complexities and the finite termination property, unlike the interior point method and V‐FISTA, the latter of which is an accelerated projected gradient method. Our numerical experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Q&A: 5 questions with Shuchita Poddar
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: July 2024

In our recurring “5 questions with” series, the Recruiting and Retaining Adult Learners marketing column, profiles a communications professional through a brief Q&A. This month, we introduce you to Suchita Poddar, communications coordinator for the office of admissions at University of Iowa.
Forging a unique path, a conversation with Catherine Coe
Authors: Allarakhia Hawa
Published: July 2024

Ms. Catherine Coe is the Director of Competency Development and Program Evaluation at the Warrington College of Business at the University of Florida. Ms. Coe discusses her journey combining her passion for business and education and how that led her toward higher education.
Konjac glucomannan: A functional biopolymer for multifaceted drug delivery applications
Authors: Kulkarni Deepak , Agnihotri Vinit , Bhinge Somnath , Ban Mayuri , Bari Dipak , Pardeshi Chandrakantsing V.
Published: July 2024

Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a hydrophilic, neutral polysaccharide obtained from the corm of Amorphophallus konjac (Araceae). Excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity has marked the utilization of KGM in variety of drug delivery and biomedical applications. KGM has generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. The gelling, and film‐forming properties possessed by native KGM has attracted a widespread attention of the researchers for exploring its drug delivery potential. Additionally, the versatility of KGM modifications further extends the drug delivery opportunities through ever‐increasing array of functional properties of KGM. Present review is aimed at presenting the state‐of‐the‐art collection of structure, functional properties, biosynthesis, in vitro and in vivo degradation, chemical modifications, and finally, the drug delivery applications of the KGM. Authors tried to cover the aspects of the KGM relevant to the formulation personnel, and academicians involved in the investigation on variety of pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and biomedical applications of KGM. This article may encourage the investigators to explore the use of KGM, owing to its beneficial traits, as pharmaceutical excipient for drug delivery applications.