bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tasa de captura y composición de tamaños de Anadara spp. en Puerto El Morro, Ecuador
Authors: Flores Vera Luis Alfredo , Morales-Escalante Maribel
Published: April 2019

Catch rate and size composition of mangrove cockles Anadara spp. in Puerto El Morro, Ecuador

Resumen

Un análisis de la tasa de captura [captura por unidad de esfuerzo (CPUE)] y la composición de tamaños del desembarque de concha en la localidad de Puerto El Morro, fue realizado entre los años 2011 y 2013 a partir de información colectada en base a una bitácora de pesca. La CPUE promedio para el año 2011 fue de 115 conchas.conchero-1.día-pesca-1, mientras que para el 2012 y 2013 fue de 122 y 126 conchas.conchero-1.día-pesca-1, respectivamente. La captura estuvo compuesta principalmente por la especie A. tuberculosa en los tres años (>99 %). La longitud promedio de captura para A. tuberculosa oscilo entre 48,8 mm y 49,2 mm para el periodo de estudio. Un bajo porcentaje de tallas no comerciales caracterizó la pesquería del recurso. Se infiere un ligero incremento en la CPUE entre el 2011 y 2013, provocado quizás por la reducción observada en la población operativa de concheros y la distribución espacial del esfuerzo de pesca a zonas de mayor productividad. Se sugiere a corto plazo la evaluación directa de las principales áreas de pesca para conocer el estado actual de las mismas y relacionarla con indicadores pesqueros.

Palabras clave: captura por unidad de esfuerzo (cpue); estructura poblacional; pesquería artesanal; recurso concha; Refugio de Vida Silvestre Manglares El Morro.

Abstract

Catch rate [catch per unit of effort (CPUE)] and size composition of the mangrove cockle fishery were analyzed in Puerto El Morro from 2011 to 2013 based on a fishing logbook to register the fishery and biological information. The average CPUE in 2011 was 115 cockles.cockle-collector-1.fishing-day-1, whereas 122 cockles.cockle-collector-1.fishing-day-1 for 2012 and 126 cockles.cockle-collector-1.fishing-day-1 for 2013. A high percentage of the specie A. tuberculosa was observed in the catch in all years (>99%). It was estimated for A. tuberculosa a mean size between 48,8 mm and 49,2 mm. Also, a low percentage of non-commercial sizes were observed in the catch. The slight increase of the CPUE between 2011 and 2013 is perhaps a result of the reduction in fishing effort and its spatial distribution to fishing areas of higher yield. It is suggested in a short term to assess the most important fishing areas to know the population status of this, and related to indicators of the fishery.

Keywords: catch per unit of effort (CPUE); population structure; small-scale fishery; mangrove cockle; Refugio de Vida Silvestre Manglares El Morro.
Tratamiento de residuos líquidos urbanos mediante la construcción de pantanos secos
Authors: Cisneros Pérez Iván
Published: April 2019

Hoy disponemos de un amplio rango de tecnologías para usarse en el esfuerzo de restaurar y mantener la integridad química, física y biológica del agua; sin embargo dichos sistemas requieren: el uso de equipos que consumen energía, productos químicos que generan nuevas contaminaciones a través de sus lodos, y ocupación de mano de obra semi-calificada para su operación. Todo esto hace que se trate de sistemas costosos en cuanto a su operación y dependientes de costos variables que encarecen progresivamente el tratamiento. Los pantanos secos construidos o artificiales (PSA) son sistemas de humedales sustentables ambientalmente que funcionan por gravedad, utilizan materiales de construcción duraderos y de bajo costo además de ser modulares y adaptables a cualquier relieve, no despiden malos olores ni constituyen una nueva fuente de contaminación al ser sub-superficiales y sin espejo de agua, trabajan por medio de  bacterias endógenas y permiten un tratamiento con iguales o mayores estándares de calidad del efluente.
Ensilaje de maíz y su influencia sobre parámetros productivos en vacas mestizas del trópico
Authors: Hidalgo Bravo Gustavo Adolfo , Bravo Bravo Wellington Gabriel , Vera Rodríguez José Humberto
Published: April 2019

Corn silage and its influence on productive parameters in crossbred cows from the tropics

 Resumen

 El objetivo de esta investigación reside en determinar si adicionar ensilaje de maíz (Zea mays) en la alimentación de las vacas mejora sus parámetros productivos y composicionales en leche en periodos de sequía. Las (n=16) vacas mestizas utilizadas tenían un peso corporal de 400 a 500 kilos, condición corporal de 2,5 a 3,0 (Escala 1 al 5). Se utilizaron ocho repeticiones por grupo de vaca, al grupo tratante se adiciono (10/kilos/vaca/día/silo-maíz) más un grupo testigo (0/kilos/vaca/día/silo-maíz) durante 138 días. Los datos se procesaron mediante la prueba de T para observaciones no apareadas para parámetro producción leche para porcentajes proteína prueba de Friedman, operando paquete estadístico Infostat versión (2010). Adicionar (10/kilos/vaca/día/silo-maíz) registró diferencias significativas (p˂0,01) sobre producción leche en los meses: Noviembre, Diciembre y Enero al compararlos con el tratamiento testigo (0/kilos/vaca/día/silo-maíz). No hubo diferencias significativas (p˃0,05) sobre los porcentajes proteína en leche comparando ambos tratamiento. Se concluye que adicionar 10 kilos de ensilaje de maíz vaca día en época de escases de alimento mejora significativamente la producción de leche además deja una tasa de retorno marginal del 67%

Palabras clave: Ensilaje de maíz, producción leche, porcentaje proteína, vacas mestizas.  

Abstract

The objective of this research is to determine if adding maize silage (Zea mays) in the feeding of cows improves its productive and compositional parameters in milk during periods of drought. The (n = 16) mestizo cows used had a body weight of 400 to 500 kilos, body condition of 2,5 to 3,0 (Scale 1 to 5). Eight replications per cow group were used, the treatment group was added (10/kg/cow/day/silo-corn) plus one control group (0/kg/cow/day/silo-corn) for 138 days. Data were processed using the T-test for unpaired observations for parameter milk production for percent protein Friedman test, operating statistical package Infostat version (2010). (10/kg/cow/day/silo-maize) showed significant differences (p˂0.01) on milk production in the months: November, December and January when compared with the control treatment (0/kg/cow/day/Silo-maize). There were no significant differences (p=0,05) on protein percentages in milk comparing both treatment. It is concluded that adding 10 kilos of corn silage cow day in season of food shortages significantly improves milk production in addition leaves a marginal rate of return of 67%

Keywords: Corn silage, milk production, protein percentage, crossbred cows
Manejo del tamaño de fruto y la calidad de la tuna (opuntia ficus-indica, m) mediante regulación de carga frutal
Authors: Celi Soto Adriana , Alcívar Hidrovo Juan
Published: April 2019

Managment the size of fruit and quality of tuna (opuntia ficus-indica, m) by crop load regulation

Resumen

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la carga frutal en la tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica, M) sobre el rendimiento y la calidad de los frutos, se realizó un ensayo que consistió en ajustar diferentes niveles de carga frutal por cladodios individuales (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 y 16 frutos/cladodio) en la localidad de El Noviciado, de la comuna Pudahuel en Santiago de Chile. Los tratamientos con menor carga frutal redujeron el rendimiento de frutos pero aumentó la calidad de los frutos en peso fresco, tamaño, relación pulpa/cáscara y firmeza, sin embargo el porcentaje de jugo de la pulpa se redujo al disminuir la carga frutal; la carga no afecto al contenido de sólidos solubles, pH y la acidez titulable de la pulpa. Al comparar las plantas con carga ajustada con aquellas de carga natural, se concluyó que el ajuste de carga permite obtener mayores rendimientos y pesos frescos de frutos para un mismo nivel de carga y que la carga natural tiene un efecto más acentuado en la reducción del peso promedio y rendimiento (al aumentar la carga).

Palabras clave: carga frutal; peso fresco; peso pulpa; peso cáscara; pH; sólidos solubles; acidez titulable; firmeza; contenido de jugo.

Abstract

With the aim of studying the effect of fruit load of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica, M) on fruit yield and quality, two trials were carried out: one in which different fruit loads were adjusted at the cladode levels (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 y 16 fruits/cladode) in The Noviciado of commune Pudahuel in Santiago de Chile. In the test crop load it decreased fruit yield decreased but increased the following variables of fruit quality: fresh weight, size (polar and equatorial diameters), relationship pulp / peel and firmness. Furthermore, in percentage of juice from pulp it was reduced by decreasing the crop load, while no effects of the load on the content of soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity of the pulp was observed. Comparing the adjusted load plants with those of natural load in the town of Novitiate concluded that the load adjustment allows for higher yields and fresh fruit pesos for the same charge level and the natural load has an effect more accentuated in reducing the average weight and performance (by increasing the load). These differences indicate that the growth of the fruits of tuna supply depends mainly assimilated and cladode nutrients on which they develop.

Keywords: fruit load; fresh mass; pulp mass; peel mass; pH; soluble solids; titratable acidity; firmness; juice content.
Contenido de clorofilas totales en doce clones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Héctor Ardisana Eduardo Fidel , Torres García Antonio , Fosado T´éllez Osvaldo , Álava Álava Janner , Sancán Pin Gema , León Aguilar Rolando
Published: April 2019

Total chlorophyll content in twelve cocoa clones (Theobroma cacao L.)

Resumen

El contenido de pigmentos fotosintéticos, en particular las clorofilas, está relacionado con la adaptación de los genotipos a las condiciones climáticas en que estos se desarrollan. En varias especies, la cantidad de clorofila está relacionada con el rendimiento de los cultivos. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el contenido de clorofilas totales en 12 clones de Theobroma cacao L. que están siendo empleados como progenitores en un programa de mejoramiento genético en la Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí. El contenido de clorofilas totales se midió en las hojas adultas de tres plantas de cada clon, en condiciones de secano, en los meses de enero, junio y julio de 2017, con el medidor de clorofila Minolta SPAD-502®. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los clones en cada uno de los tres muestreos, en particular en el último realizado en la estación seca, lo que se atribuye a la mayor adaptabilidad de algunos clones a las condiciones de baja disponibilidad de agua. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la evolución del contenido de clorofilas de los clones.

Palabras clave: cacao; Theobroma cacao L.; clorofilas; clones.

Abstract

The content of photosynthetic pigments, particularly chlorophylls, is related to the adaptation of genotypes to the climatic conditions in which they develop. In several species, the amount of chlorophyll is related to the yield of crops. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the total chlorophyll content in 12 clones of Theobroma cacao L. that are being used as progenitors in a breeding program in the Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica of the Universidad Técnica de Manabí. The total chlorophyll content was measured in the adult leaves of three plants of each clone, under rain-fed conditions, in the months of January, June and July of 2017, with the chlorophyll meter Minolta SPAD-502®. Significant differences were found between the clones in each of the three samplings, particularly in the last one carried out in the dry season, which is attributed to the greater adaptability of some clones to the conditions of low water availability. No significant differences were observed in the evolution of the chlorophyll content of the clones.

Keywords: cocoa; Theobroma cacao L.; chlorophylls; clones.
Evaluación de dos abonos orgánicos líquidos en la producción del cultivo de pitahaya (hylocereus undatus) en el litoral ecuatoriano
Authors: Cabrera Verdesoto Cesar , Cabrera Verdezoto Rodrigo Paúl , Morán Morán Jessica Jessenia , Terán Macías Joffre Stalin , Molina Triviño Humberto Manuel , Meza Bone Gary Alex , Tamayo Lema Carlos Luis
Published: April 2019

Evaluation of two organic foliar fertilizers in the production of pitahaya (hylocereus undatus) cultivation in the ecuadorian littoral

Resumen

La producción de pitahaya en el Ecuador es variable en cada año dado que tiene marcadamente dos épocas en las que se obtiene su cosecha, una es entre febrero y marzo y la otra entre julio y agosto. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de dos fertilizantes orgánicos líquidos en la producción del cultivo de pitahaya. La investigación se realizó desde junio hasta septiembre del 2015 en la finca “FENIX”. Se utilizaron 300 plantas del genero Hylocereus undatus, los factores estudiados fueron los fertilizantes orgánicos líquidos (Biol y Purín) en dosis de 40 y 60 L ha-1 fraccionada en dos aplicaciones. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los principales resultados mostraron que el abono orgánico Biol en dosis de 60 L ha-1, obtuvo los mejores resultados en todas las variables evaluadas siendo esta dosis la queermitió incrementar los rendimientos del cultivo de pitahaya, alcanzando un rendimiento de 7924 kg ha-1.

Palabras clave: Biol; Purín; Fertilizante Orgánico; Pitahaya.

Abstract

The production of pitahaya in Ecuador is variable in each year since it has markedly two periods in which its harvest is obtained, one is between February and March and the other between July and August. The objective was to evaluate the effect of two liquid organic fertilizers on the production of the pitahaya crop. The investigation was carried out from June to September of 2015 in the farm "FENIX". 300 plants of the genus Hylocereus undatus were used, the factors studied were liquid organic fertilizers (Biol and Purín) in doses of 40 and 60 L ha-1 fractionated in two applications. A completely randomized block design with five treatments and four replicates was used. The main results showed that the organic fertilizer Biol in doses of 60 L ha-1, obtained the best results in all the evaluated variables being this dose the that allowed to increase the yields of the pitahaya culture, reaching a yield of 7924 kg ha-1.

Keywords:  Biol; Purín; Organic Fertilizer; Pitahaya. Quevedo, Los Ríos. Ecuador.
Efecto de prácticas agronómicas sobre la conservación de los suelos degradados bajo riego en la zona central del Valle del Río Portoviejo
Authors: Rodríguez Carlos , Zevallos Gabriel
Published: April 2019

La provincia de Manabí durante la década de los años 60 estuvo mayoritariamente cubierta  de plantaciones de café, cacao, pastizales, algodón en rama, maíz, higuerilla, yuca y plátano. A partir de los años 80 se incrementan las áreas de pastizales, hortalizas y frutas (cultivos en hileras), las que se cultivaron en algunos casos mecanizadamente, acelerando los procesos de degradación en los suelos. Hubo también la aplicación indiscriminada de plaguicidas y fertilizantes que necesariamente acompañaron a las variedades modernas, lo que generaron otros problemas de sostenibilidad. El crecimiento agropecuario en la medida que se degradaron las tierras on mejores aptitudes agrícolas se desplazó hacia las partes altas, hasta ese momento cubierta de bosques, iniciándose transformaciones irreversibles en el ecosistema que en algunos sectores ha llegado incluso a la desertificación. A finales de los 90 se produjeron fenómenos que incrementaron el nivel erosivo de estas tierras, como fueron el azote de una gran sequia y la presencia de irregulares precipitaciones.
Aplicación de cepas bacterianas en las aguas servidas urbanas
Authors: Sánchez Rueda Johnny
Published: April 2019

El tratamiento de las aguas residuales es un área en la que funcionan dos especialidades, la ingeniería y la bioingeniería. Por mucho tiempo se ha utilizado la ingeniería como única opción para tratar las aguas residuales consiguiéndose soluciones limitadas o parciales. En base a esta situación creímos necesario hacer una investigación utilizando la biotecnología aplicada a las aguas residuales, para ello se experimentó el tratamiento de  las aguas de las lagunas de oxidación de la ciudad de Manta, tomando el concepto de bacterias que normalmente habitan naturalmente en las aguas residuales, para estas bacterias su supervivencia depende de muchos factores vitales como nutrientes disponibles, oxigeno necesario, temperatura, pH, etc.
Momento óptimo para el inicio de experimentos de cambio con vacas en pastoreo
Authors: Venereo Bravo Andrés
Published: April 2019

El momento óptimo para el inicio de experimentos de Cambio con vacas en pastoreo para 3, 4 y 5 períodos experimentales entre 7 y 35 días de duración cada uno, fue calculado utilizando las producciones diarias de leche entre los 6 y 250 días de lactancia de 20 vacas Holstein, las cuales estaban sometidas a un régimen de alimentación y manejo similares, de forma que se garantice que los experimentos de este tipo sean desarrollados en la etapa de menor heterogeneidad entre las curvas de lactancia de las vacas experimentales.

Palabras claves: Momento óptimo, Experimento de Cambio, Menor heterogeneidad.
Indicadores para la evaluación de productividad científica y gestión académica en instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Vélez Valarezo Michurin Augusto
Published: April 2019

En el ámbito universitario, el empleo de indicadores, tanto numéricos como de orden cualitativo, se ha constituido en el principal medio de evaluación pluridimensional, orientado a valorar, fundamentalmente, las actividades de gestión académica e investigativa. El objetivo es obtener información relevante que permita valorar la calidad de la enseñanza y de la investigación de acuerdo a parámetros internacionales establecidos en un momento determinado, lo cual otorga a las instituciones de educación superior la identidad sobre su modo de ser, de hacer, de producir y de trascender académica y científicamente.. En este contexto, es pertinente conocer la operatividad de los recursos métricos en la perspectiva de obtener resultados que objetivamente sirvan para fortalecer, reformar y mejorar de manera continua y sostenida su estructura académica universitaria y su política de investigación.

Palabras claves: bibliometría; cienciometría; informetría; productividad científica; evaluación universitaria
Urban Viarii and the Prosecution of Public Health Offenders in Late Medieval Italy
Authors: Geltner Guy
Published: April 2019

Roads officials (viarii) were integral to many Italian cities’ strategies for combatting disease and promoting health. Yet their significance for the history of environmental policing remains largely unrecognised. This chapter begins by mapping the contours of the office in the peninsula’s centre and north between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. It then explores the activities of viarii in that period and region through recourse to the records of Lucca and Bologna. An examination of the Bolognese archival series throws new light on the resources that urban regimes dedicated to communal wellbeing, as well as the strategies required to implement their policies. These records offfer a ‘bottom-up’ perspective on environmental health and the tensions underlying the exercise of premodern bio-power.
Pola Dasar Penggunaan Brand Dari masa ke Masa
Authors: Hendrawan Angga
Published: April 2019

The problem in this study is the number of practitioners who consider branding as a job in the visual field. The purpose of this study was to identify the structure and function of the brand from time to time, so it can look a basic pattern that always exists in every development. This study uses literature by studying scientific sources. Developments brandditemukan usage patterns starting in 2250SM to the current pattern of development in the conventional use of a brand starts to become a strategic device, which is able to influence the development activities bisnis.Seiring with the times, the brand experienced a transformation function that directs a business to remain competitive to cope with change times.
Typeface "Garuda Batik" sebagai Duta Budaya Indonesia
Authors: Lumenta Natalia Hasti
Published: April 2019

The discovery of artifacts writings on various historical relics prove that typography has accompanied the development of human civilization and be a liaison between the times . Naturally, if the typography is referred to as a reliable means of communication because it is able to survive for centuries in establishing universal human interaction . The emergence of thousands of fonts and " experimental typography " on various types of media indicate that the function of typography as the expanding literacy has become the object of an experimental and artistic expression . Discretion of the function used to create a typeface that represents local knowledge of Javanese culture that was adapted from the classic batik motifs Garuda Yogyakarta style of the interior . Value mythical eagle valuable and unique artistic value of scratches batik canting an inspiration in the creation of the typeface Garuda Batik . The figure of the eagle that had accompanied the history of the Indonesian nation is at once the spirit of the nation's cultural heritage that should be preserved. Universal nature of typography is the right solution to communicate the values contained in the motif of Garuda in the global arena . Typeface Garuda Batik able to adapt to the lifestyle of modern society through its applications in various types of media , techniques , and visual styles are up to date . Typeface Batik Garuda is also a tangible manifestation of nationalism human visual communication design to create a national paradigm design work.
FUZZY SEBAGAI ALAT BANTU REKOMENDASI PERINGKAT PRODUK PADA KASUS PEMILIHAN PONSEL
Authors: Setyoadi Eddy Triswanto
Published: April 2019

Pada saat ini keberadaan ponsel sebagai salah satu alat komunikasi adalah suatu benda yang tergolong primer bagi banyak orang. Hampir setiap orang yang kita jumpai pasti memiliki dan memanfaatkan alat komunikasi ini. Hal ini menyebabkan semakin tingginya permintaan pasar atas kebutuhan alat komunikasi ini. Dengan tingginya permintaan pasar atas kebutuhan alat komunikasi ini, maka muncul berbagai jenis dan merek ponsel beserta fitur-fitur yang berkembang mengikuti perkembangan Teknologi Informasi saat ini. Selain itu perlu dibangun sebuah aplikasi berbasis web yang menggunakan fuzzy sebagai alternatif membantu memberikan rekomendasi pilihan ponsel yang sesuai dengan keinginan calon pembeli. Pada implementasinya, agar memudahkan calon pembeli/pengguna sistem ini, penyampaian informasi tentang kriteria yang di inginkan menggunakan bahasa sehari-hari yang hasilnya disajikan berupa daftar peringkat atau ranking list.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Pengawasan Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Studi Kasus PT. PLN Area Surabaya Utara
Authors: Mardiyanto Mardiyanto , Pattiasina Timothy John , Setyoadi Eddy Triswanto
Published: April 2019

Sistem informasi berbasis komputerisasi merupakan salah satu faktor penting bagi perusahaan dalam mengelola segala aktifitasnya. Dalam hal ini, penerapan sistem informasi khususnya dalam pengawasan pekerjaan atau Surat Perintah Kerja (SPK) di perusahaan yang bergerak dalam pengelolaan proyek pekerjaan yang bekerjasama dengan pihak ketiga yang disebut juga dengan vendor atau mitra kerja masih sangat minim. Sistem Informasi Pengawasan Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan di PT PLN Area Surabaya Utara adalah suatu sistem yang dapat mengelola pendistribusian informasi pelaksanaan pekerjaan dan mampu menginformasikan status dari pelaksanaan pekerjaan tersebut. Sistem ini dibangun untuk mempermudah manajemen dalam mengelola pengawasan pelaksanaan pekerjaan atau Surat Perintah Kerja yang ada pada perusahaan. Selain itu sistem ini mampu memberikan notifikasi serta pengingat terhadap deadline pekerjaan melalui aplikasi berbasis XMPP yaitu Cangkruk yang sudah diterapkan di PT PLN Area Surabaya Utara.
Penerapan Profile Matching di Dalam Aplikasi Penyedia Jasa
Authors: Christie Jonathan , Gantini Tiur
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan masalah terhadap suatu keputusan yaitu di dalam pemilihan penyedia jasa bagi para pengguna jasa. Jasa yang disediakan adalah jasa pembuatan aplikasi (software). Metode yang digunakaan adalah metode profile matching, hal pertama yang dilakukan adalah menentukan kriteria yang akan dinilai untuk pemetaan GAP kompetensi dari setiap penyedia jasa, kemudian menentukan aspek-aspek yang akan digunakan di dalam memproses nilai penyedia jasa. Nilai penyedia jasa tersebut selanjutnya diubah berdasarkan pemetaan GAP kompetensi penyedia jasa. Terdapat dua parameter penting dalam metode ini seperti faktor inti dan faktor sekunder. Nilai-nilai ini diubah menjadi persentase sehingga menghasilkan keputusan akhir sebagai penentu data yang akan lebih dekat dengan target yang telah ditentukan. Dengan melakukan metode ini, menyortir data terhadap kriteria tertentu dapat dilakukan secara dinamis dan dikarenakan metode profile matching menggunakan sistem ranking, maka sistem dapat menampilkan penyedia jasa berdasarkan ranking tertinggi. Dengan menampilkan penyedia jasa berdasarkan ranking tertinggi, penerima jasa dapat lebih mudah untuk menemukan penyedia jasa terbaik.
Pengenalan Traffic Light Pada Robot Mobil Duckietown
Authors: Loeminto Erwin Sanjaya , Khoswanto Handry , Lim Resmana
Published: April 2019

Duckietown adalah sebuah proyek penelitian yang berfokus pada self-driving vehicle dan high-level autonomy. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengendalikan Duckiebot saat menemukan adanya traffic light. Duckiebot terdiri dari Raspberry Pi 3 sebagai controller, fisheye lens camera sebagai sensor, dan motor DC sebagai aktuator. Raspberry Pi 3 menerima dan memproses gambar yang didapat oleh kamera menggunakan library OpenCV. Dalam pemrosesan gambar, pertama adalah penentuan lokasi traffic light. Kemudian pengambilan range warna traffic light yang akan diproses untuk menghasilkan aksi kontrol aktuator agar berjalan atau berhenti. Aksi kontrol aktuator dilakukan dengan menggunakan Robot Operating System (ROS). Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara melihat hasil deteksi, menjalankan mode lane following, mengubah-ubah pencahayaan, dan memberi gangguan berupa spanduk yang sewarna. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, kamera dapat digunakan sebagai sensor Duckiebot untuk mengenali traffic light, tapi kamera sangat sensitif terhadap perbedaan pencahayaan sehingga untuk kondisi terang, gelap, dan backlight akan memiliki hasil yang berbeda.
Genome‐Wide Analysis and Prediction of Resistance to Goss's Wilt in Maize
Authors: Cooper Julian S. , Rice Brian R. , Shenstone Esperanza M. , Lipka Alexander E. , Jamann Tiffany M.
Published: April 2019

Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight is one of the most important foliar diseases of maize (Zea mays L.). To date, neither large‐effect resistance genes, nor practical chemical controls exist to manage the disease. Thus, the importance of discovering durable host resistance necessitates additional genetic mapping for this disease. Unfortunately, because of the biology of the pathogen and the highly significant genotype‐by‐environment interaction effect observed with Goss's wilt, consistent phenotyping across multiple years poses a hurdle for genetic studies and conventional breeding methods. The objective of this study was to perform a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify regions of the genome associated with Goss's wilt resistance as well as to use genomic prediction models to evaluate the utility of genomic selection (GS) in predicting Goss's wilt phenotypes in a panel of diverse maize lines. Using genome‐wide association mapping, we were unable to identify any variants significantly associated with Goss's wilt. However, using genomic prediction we were able to train a model with an accuracy of 0.69. Taken together, this suggests that resistance to Goss's wilt is highly polygenic. In addition, when evaluating the accuracy of our prediction model under reduced marker density, it was shown that only 10,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), or ∼20% of our total marker set, was necessary to achieve prediction accuracies similar to the full marker set. This is the first report of genomic prediction for a bacterial disease of maize, and these results highlight the potential of GS for disease resistance in maize.
THE RIEMANN HOMOGENEOUS BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM IN THE CLASS OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS WITH THE GIVEN INDICATOR UNDER THE ENTIRE ORDER
Authors: Alehno A. G.
Published: April 2019

The Riemann homogeneous boundary value problem is investigated in the class of piecewise analytic functions. The necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of the solution.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF IMPURITY DIFFUSION IN GRAIN BOUNDARY NEIGHBORHOOD IN A DISLOCATION WALL FORCE FIELD (MODIFIED FISHER MODEL)
Authors: Chuiko M. M. , Fedotov A. K. , Rychagov V. G.
Published: April 2019

In this work a computer simulation of impurity diffusion in the vicinity of individual bicrystalline grain boundary has been carried out with the use of a modified Fisher model in which the grain's boundary influence (in the form of internal mechanical stresses) onto impurity atoms is taken into account. In computations the monotone difference schemes of the second order of accuracy on irregular grids were used. For such schemes under intrinsic restrictions on the grid steps the stability in the uniform norm has been proved.
FROM DESCRIPTIVISM TO CONSTRUCTIVISM ‐ A CHALLENGE TO SYMBOLIC MODELING. I
Authors: Kjellman Arne
Published: April 2019

Classical modeling is not isomorphic, on the contrary the “objects of reality” or the like is the source of a homomorphic mapping performed to produce the model ‐ just the way a piece of landscape is portrayed by its map with some bewildering details left out. We are thus taught that this process of modeling (or abstraction) is a plain mapping procedure ‐ we call this descriptivism or representationalism. The prevailing object‐oriented modeling approach ‐ or realistic approach ‐ has some serious shortcomings due to the negligence of some aspects of the observer function, which for instance has resulted in a “world definition” made from “outside” the living consciousness (realism or materialism). By reversing this picture instead taking off from the impressions arisen within the subject's (the observer/knower's) conscious experience ‐ the subject‐oriented approach ‐ and ask how a living consciousness organize s itself to handle the task of living, we gain new insights in the process of conceptualization and learning. We learn that the dualistic worldview is superfluous and should better be replaced by a neutral monistic approach, where the hypothetical existence of an independent outside reality (realism) can be substituted by the idea of a reality constructed from inside a living consciousness ‐nothing else but a model whose main purpose is to guide human anticipation and facilitate communication. Taking that stances the main tasks of human consciousness just become modeling ‐ creating the outside model reality and th e inside domain of feelings. In such a framework also the classical truth ‐ in the sense of a God‐given modeling truth become meaningless ‐ and must be substituted by the Pierce‐ain pragmatical or consensual truth. In the subject‐oriented approach states, properties etc. are not given any observer independent existence. On the contrary they emerge at the moment of their measurement as advocated by the Copenhagen interpretation. Bell's theorem also states: Given the quantum mechanics, either the idea of Einstein locality or the idea of an observer independent reality must be abandoned. The subject‐oriented approach clearly abandons the idea of a pre‐given observer independent reality ‐ in favor of a cognitive agent created private reality, which then become the base for defining an “objective reality” in the form of a consensual scientific agreement.
ON THE BLOOD GLUCOSE DYNAMICS MODELLING
Authors: Meilūnas M.
Published: April 2019

Mathematical model of the glucose regulation is proposed and discussed. It is based only on the data, which are available in outpatient clinics. This model enables to predict the state of the patients health and to identificate important parameters of patients organism, which are urgent in diabetology.
ABOUT THE RATE OF RATIONAL APPROXIMATION OF SOME ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: Radyno A. YA.
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to results relating to the theory of rational approximation of an analytic function. Let ƒ be an analytic function on the disk {z : |z| < ñ), ñ > 1. The rate of decrease of the best approximations ñn of a function ƒ by the rational functions of order at most n in the uniform metric on the unit disk E with the center z = 0 is investigated. The theorem connecting the rate of decrease of ñn with the order ó > 0 of ƒ in the disk {z : |z| < ñ} is proved. The proof of this results is based on an analysis of behavior of the singular numbers of the Hankel operator constructed from the function ƒ.
THE STABILITY CONDITIONS OF FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEMES FOR SCHRÖDINGER, KURAMOTO‐TSZUKI AND HEAT EQUATIONS
Authors: Radžiūnas M. , Ivanauskas F.
Published: April 2019

We consider various finite difference schemes for the first and the second initial‐boundary value problems for linear Kuramoto‐Tsuzuki, heat and Schrödinger equations in d‐dimensional case. Using spectral methods, we find the conditions of stability on initial data in the L2 norm.
DEGENERATE MATRIX METHOD WITH CHEBYSHEV NODES FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: Cirulis T. , Lietuvietis O.
Published: April 2019

One of the simplest schemes of the degenerate matrix method with nodes as zeroes of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind is considered. Performance of simple iterations and some modifications of Newton method for the discrete problem is compared.
ON THE SOLVABILITY OF NONLINEAR PROBLEM OF MAGNETIZATION
Authors: Katauskis P.
Published: April 2019

It is investigated the system of kinetic equations describing the magnetization of a medium consisting of single‐domain particles. The system includes the nonlinear Landay‐Lifschitz equation. The local existence of solution and its uniqueness in spaces Ck (0,T; X), X denotes the Sobolev space, is proved.
COEFFICIENT STABILITY OF OPERATOR–DIFFERENCE SCHEMES
Authors: Matus P. P. , Jovanović B. S.
Published: April 2019

A priori estimates expressing continuous dependence of the solution of a first order evolutionary equation in Hubert space on initial condition, right hand side and operator perturbations are obtained in time–integral norms. Analogous results hold for corresponding finite difference schemes.
ON THE DISCRETE LINEAR ILL‐POSED PROBLEMS
Authors: Stepanov A. A.
Published: April 2019

An inverse problem of photo‐acoustic spectroscopy of semiconductors is investigated. The main problem is formulated as the integral equation of the first kind. Two different regularization methods are applied, the algorithms for defining regularization parameters are given.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE POLYMER MELT FLOW IN INJECTION MOLDING BY USING ILU PRECONDITIONED GMRES
Authors: Türk U. , Ecder A.
Published: April 2019

The implementation of a modern preconditioned Newton‐Krylov solvers to the polymer melt flow in injection molding is the main focus of this paper. The viscoelastic and non‐isothermal characteristics of the transient polymer flow is simulated numerically and the highly non‐linear problem solved. This non‐linear behavior results from the combination of the dominant convective terms and the dependence of the polymer viscosity to the changing temperature and the shear rate. The governing non‐Newtonian fluid flow and energy equations with appropriate approximations are discretized by finite differencing. Elliptic Grid Generation technique is used to map physical domain to computational domain. The resulting non‐linear system is solved by using Newton's method. GMRES, one of the Krylov subspace methods, used as an iterative algorithm in order to solve the linear system at each non‐linear step. Incomplete LU preconditioner is used for better convergence. Numerical solution of polymer flow is presented to demonstrate that these methods are efficient and robust for solving such flow problems.
Transient Inverse-FIP Plasma Composition Evolution within a Solar Flare
Authors: Baker Deborah , Driel-Gesztelyi Lidia van , Brooks David H. , Valori Gherardo , James Alexander W. , Martin Laming J. , Long David M. , Démoulin Pascal , Green Lucie M. , Matthews Sarah A. , Oláh Katalin , Kővári Zsolt
Published: April 2019

Understanding elemental abundance variations in the solar corona provides an insight into how matter and energy flow from the chromosphere into the heliosphere. Observed variations depend on the first ionization potential (FIP) of the main elements of the Sun’s atmosphere. High-FIP elements (>10 eV) maintain photospheric abundances in the corona, whereas low-FIP elements have enhanced abundances. Conversely, inverse FIP (IFIP) refers to the enhancement of high-FIP or depletion of low-FIP elements. We use spatially resolved spectroscopic observations, specifically the Ar xiv/Ca xiv intensity ratio, from Hinode’s Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer to investigate the distribution and evolution of plasma composition within two confined flares in a newly emerging, highly sheared active region. During the decay phase of the first flare, patches above the flare ribbons evolve from the FIP to the IFIP effect, while the flaring loop tops show a stronger FIP effect. The patch and loop compositions then evolve toward the preflare basal state. We propose an explanation of how flaring in strands of highly sheared emerging magnetic fields can lead to flare-modulated IFIP plasma composition over coalescing umbrae which are crossed by flare ribbons. Subsurface reconnection between the coalescing umbrae leads to the depletion of low-FIP elements as a result of an increased wave flux from below. This material is evaporated when the flare ribbons cross the umbrae. Our results are consistent with the ponderomotive fractionation model for the creation of IFIP-biased plasma.
Constraining Temporal Oscillations of Cosmological Parameters Using SNe Ia
Authors: Brownsberger Sasha R. , Stubbs Christopher W. , Scolnic Daniel M.
Published: April 2019

The existing set of SNe Ia is now sufficient to detect oscillatory deviations from the canonical ΛCDM cosmology. We determine that the Fourier spectrum of the Pantheon data set of spectroscopically well-observed SNe Ia is consistent with the predictions of ΛCDM. We also develop and describe two complementary techniques for using SNe Ia to constrain those alternate cosmological models that predict deviations from ΛCDM that are oscillatory in conformal time. The first technique uses the reduced χ
2 statistic to determine the likelihood that the observed data would result from a given model. The second technique uses bootstrap analysis to determine the likelihood that the Fourier spectrum of a proposed model could result from statistical fluctuations around ΛCDM. We constrain three oscillatory alternate cosmological models: one in which the dark energy equation of state parameter oscillates around the canonical value of w
Λ = −1, one in which the energy density of dark energy oscillates around its ΛCDM value, and one in which gravity derives from a scalar field evolving under an oscillatory coupling. We further determine that any alternate cosmological model that produces distance modulus residuals with a Fourier amplitude of ≃36 millimags is strongly ruled out, given the existing data, for frequencies between ≃0.08 Gyr−1
h
100 and ≃80 Gyr−1
h
100.
Quasi-stationary Current Sheets of the Solar Origin in the Heliosphere
Authors: Kislov Roman A. , Khabarova Olga V. , Malova Helmi V.
Published: April 2019

The solar magnetic field (SMF) has historically been considered as dipole in order to build models of the radially expanding corona, that is, the solar wind in the solar minimum. The simplified approach suggests the existence of only one quasi-stationary current sheet (QCS) of solar origin in the heliosphere, namely, the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). However, the SMF becomes more complicated over the solar cycle, comprising higher-order components. The overlapping of the dipole and multipole components of the SMF suggests a formation of more than one QCS in the corona, which may expand further to the heliosphere. We study the impact of the quadrupole and octupole harmonics of the SMF on the formation and spatial characteristics of QCSs, building a stationary axisymmetric MHD model of QCSs in the heliosphere. It is shown that if the dipole component dominates, a single QCS appears in the solar wind at low heliolatitudes as the classic HCS. In other cases, the number of QCSs varies from one to three, depending on the relative input of the quadrupole and octupole components. QCSs possess a conic form and may occur at a wide variety of heliolatitudes. The existence of QCSs opens wide opportunities for explanations of puzzling observations of cosmic rays and energetic particles in the heliosphere and, at the same time, raises a risk of misinterpretation of in situ crossings of QCSs because of mixing up the HCS and higher-heliolatitude QCSs, which can be significantly disturbed in the dynamical solar wind.
The Sequence of Coronene Hydrogenation Revealed by Gas-phase IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Cazaux Stephanie , Arribard Yann , Egorov Dmitrii , Palotás Julianna , Hoekstra Ronnie , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos , Schlathölter Thomas
Published: April 2019

Gas-phase coronene cations (

) can be sequentially hydrogenated with up to 24 additional H atoms, inducing a gradual transition from a planar, aromatic molecule toward a corrugated, aliphatic species. The mass spectra of hydrogenated coronene cations

show that molecules with odd numbers of additional hydrogen atoms (n
H) are dominant, with particularly high relative intensity for “magic numbers” n
H = 5, 11, and 17, for which hydrogen atoms have the highest binding energies. Reaction barriers and binding energies strongly affect the hydrogenation sequence and its site specificity. In this contribution, we monitor this sequence experimentally by the evolution of infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectra of gaseous

with n
H = 3–11, obtained using an infrared free electron laser coupled to a Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometer. For weakly hydrogenated systems (n
H = 3, 5) multiple-photon absorption mainly leads to loss of H atoms (and/or H2). With increasing n
H, C2H2 loss becomes more relevant. For n
H = 9, 11, the carbon skeleton is substantially weakened and fragmentation is distributed over a large number of channels. A comparison of our IRMPD spectra with density functional theory calculations clearly shows that only one or two hydrogenation isomers contribute to each n
H. This confirms the concept of hydrogenation occurring along very specific sequences. Moreover, the atomic sites participating in the first 11 steps of this hydrogenation sequence are clearly identified.
Diet and habitat use by two sympatric canids in the Pampas of South America
Authors: Porto Lucas , Rui Ana Maria
Published: April 2019

The crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and the Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) are two canids with very similar food and habitat requirements, which live in sympatry across parts of their distributions. Here we describe the diet and habitat use of both canids in the Pampas biome. The study took place in southern Brazil from December 2012 to December 2013. Diet and habitat use analyses were based on fecal samples, footprints and direct visualizations. Diet overlap was measured using Pianka’s index, while habitat use was measured using presence records from three different environments; forests, edges and open areas. Both canids feed on invertebrates and vertebrates but have preferences for fruits, especially Syagrus romanzoffiana. Pianka’s index showed a high overlap of their diets throughout the year, with the exception of autumn. Regarding habitat use, C. thous preferred to inhabit forested areas while L. gymnocercus was more active in open areas. Our results showed that fruits were the most consumed food item in the Pampas biome. Our findings suggest that habitat use by these two canids is affected by seasonal variation in fruit abundance, but other factors, such as parental care, should be taken into account when explaining how they behave throughout the year.
Two new records of the fern genus Coniogramme (Pteridaceae) from Vietnam
Authors: Wang Caihong , Yang Wenli , Zhao Junwen , Zhang Danke , Zhang Gangmin
Published: April 2019

Two new records of the fern genus Coniogramme Fée from Vietnam, C.japonica and C.procera, are presented. In addition, a key to recognising the species of Coniogramme in Vietnam is given in this paper.
Cryptic diversity in Lithobates warszewitschii (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae)
Authors: Cryer James , Wynne Felicity , Price Stephen J. , Puschendorf Robert
Published: April 2019

Lithobateswarszewitschiiis a species of ranid frog distributed from southern Honduras to Panama. This species suffered severe population declines at higher elevations (above 500 m a.s.l.) from the 1980s to early 1990s, but there is more recent evidence of recovery in parts of its range. Here we advocate for the status ofLithobateswarszewitschiias a candidate cryptic species complex based on sequence data from mitochondrial genes CO1 and 16S. Using concatenated phylogenies, nucleotide diversity (K2P-π), net between group mean distance (NBGMD) (πnet) and species delimitation methods, we further elucidate cryptic diversity within this species. All phylogenies display polyphyletic lineages within Costa Rica and Panama. At both loci, observed genetic polymorphism (K2P-π) is also high within and between geographic populations, surpassing proposed species threshold values for amphibians. Additionally, patterns of phylogeographic structure are complicated for this species, and do not appear to be explained by geographic barriers or isolation by distance. These preliminary findings suggestL.warszewitschiiis a wide-ranging species complex. Therefore, we propose further research within its wider range, and recommend integrative taxonomic assessment is merited to assess species status.
Redescription and redefinition of the genus Chiltana Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae, Dictyopharini), with description of a new species from Pakistan
Authors: Song Zhi-Shun , Khatri Imran , Liang Ai-Ping
Published: April 2019

The genus Chiltana Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995 is redescribed and redefined based on the types and new material from Pakistan. Chiltana includes two species, C.acarinatasp. n. and C.baluchi Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995 (the type species), both from Chiltan, Balochistan, Pakistan. A key to the species of the genus is provided. Nomenclatorial remarks on original publication, author, and date of Chiltana are given.
Medios de comunicación y educación secundaria
Authors: Méndez-Garrido Juan-Manuel , Monescillo-Palomo Manuel
Published: April 2019

En este artículo se pretende analizar las posibilidades e incidencias que los medios de comunicación pueden tener en la nueva Enseñanza Secundaria, a partir de los cambios derivados de la puesta en marcha de la LOGSE en este nuevo tramo obligatorio. El período trascendental que adolescentes y jóvenes viven en esta etapa de su vida, encuentran en los medios y la comunicación audiovisual una óptima respuesta para facilitar sus procesos de aprendizaje, al tiempo que los profesores pueden ver enriquecida su metodología de enseñanza, empleando estos nuevos lenguajes que repercuten en un acercamiento motivador al entorno y a la realidad social en la que se desenvuelven las alumnas y alumnos de hoy.