bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Drill-String Extended Reach Efficiency in High-Temperature and High-Pressure Conditions: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Abdo J. , Haneef M. D.
Published: March 2024

Drill string buckling behavior is of interest to the oil and gas industries. Buckling severity increases as drilling continues and causes a lock-up condition beyond which drilling cannot commence. The friction force between the drill string and the wellbore is key in influencing drill string buckling initiation and progression. Herein, the effects of adding nano-sepiolite (NSP) as an additive to water-based drilling fluids on the friction between the drill string and wellbore wall were investigated. Various samples with different sizes and compositions of NSP were tested for their ability to reduce the coefficient of friction (COF) that delays the onset of buckling to facilitate deep drilling by providing improved lubrication characteristics. The drill string sinusoidal and helical buckling and lock-up condition and the axial force transfer (AFT) were experimentally investigated. The water-based drilling fluids’ lubricity, COF between the drill string and the wellbore wall, and the stability of the rheological properties of the NSP-modified water-based drilling fluids containing 1–6 wt% NSP were tested in a high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) environment utilizing an in-house experimental setup. Sepiolite in nano-form at 4 wt% and with a size distribution of 30–60 nm improved the stability of the water-based drilling fluids rheology, significantly decreased the COF of the water-based drilling fluids, and improved the drill string axial force transfer. NSP additives significantly improved the COF and the drill string AFT in the HTHP environment compared with that of other commercial drilling fluids.
An Approach to Capturing Residual Energy From the Subway System: Methodological Considerations
Authors: Sánchez-Orgaz Susana , Muñoz-Antón Javier , Tadeo-Cañete Marina , Rodríguez-Martín Javier
Published: March 2024

Urban heating and cooling demands account for a significant portion of global energy consumption. It is crucial to explore new energy resources and innovative solutions to meet environmental targets. Urban infrastructures like data centers, water networks, and tunnels move and collect energy, in some cases residual energy, that is valuable because of its proximity to consumers. The novelty of this work lies in the exploration of utilizing the accumulated residual heat that is not used in subway air to improve the energy efficiency of urban areas. The work focuses on the potential use of this residual heat by the installation of heat pumps in subway platforms or tunnels. By installing a heat pump on subway platforms or tunnels, this residual heat can be efficiently utilized for heating demand or producing domestic hot water. A general methodology for assessing the performance of such air source heat pumps in the subway context is presented. The calculation of the coefficients of performance (COP) and seasonal coefficients of performance (SCOP) calculation is outlined, with a detailed example illustrating the methodology. The paper emphasizes a comparative analysis between the proposed system and a traditional heat pump using ambient air, highlighting the advantages of the proposed approach. Finally, the paper concludes with a brief analysis of the different effects of refrigerants on the system performance for the same boundary conditions. Results are promising, increasing the energy efficiency of big cities and reducing CO2 emissions.
Male and female red-cheeked cordon bleus sing similar yet individualistic songs
Authors: Rose Evangeline M. , Scofield Avery J. , Wenstrom Autumn M. , Stennette Katherine A. , Shank Benjamin D , Ball Gregory F
Published: March 2024

Birdsong is an excellent system for studying complex vocal signaling in both males and females. Historically, most research in captivity has focused only on male song. This has left a gap in our understanding of the environmental, neuroendocrine, and mechanistic control of female song. Here, we report the overall acoustic features, repertoire, and stereotypy of both male and female Red-Cheeked Cordon Bleus (Uraeginthus bengalus) (RCCBs) songs in the lab. We found few sex differences in the acoustic structure, song repertoire, and song stereotypy of RCCBs. Both sexes had similar song entropy, peak frequency, and duration. Additionally, individuals of both sexes sang only a single song type each and had similar levels of song and syllable stereotypy. However, we did find that female RCCBs had higher song bandwidth but lower syllable repertoires. Finally, and most strikingly, we found highly individualistic songs in RCCBs. Each individual produced a stereotyped and unique song with no birds sharing song types and very few syllable types being shared between birds of either sex. We propose that RCCBs represent a promising species for future investigations of the acoustic sex differences in song in a lab environment, and also for understanding the evolutionary driving forces behind individualistic songs.
A hybrid pathway for self-sustained luminescence
Authors: Palkina Kseniia A. , Karataeva Tatiana A. , Perfilov Maxim M. , Fakhranurova Liliia I. , Markina Nadezhda M. , Somermeyer Louisa Gonzalez , Garcia-Perez Elena , Vazquez-Vilar Marta , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Marta , Vazquez-Vilriales Victor , Shakhova Ekaterina S. , Mitiouchkina Tatiana , Belozerova Olga A. , Kovalchuk Sergey I. , Alekberova Anna , Malyshevskaia Alena K. , Bugaeva Evgenia N. , Guglya Elena B. , Balakireva Anastasia , Sytov Nikita , Bezlikhotnova Anastasia , Boldyreva Daria I. , Babenko Vladislav V. , Kondrashov Fyodor A. , Choob Vladimir V. , Orzaez Diego , Yampolsky Ilia V. , Mishin Alexander S. , Sarkisyan Karen S.
Published: March 2024

The fungal bioluminescence pathway can be reconstituted in other organisms allowing luminescence imaging without exogenously supplied substrate. The pathway starts from hispidin biosynthesis—a step catalyzed by a large fungal polyketide synthase that requires a posttranslational modification for activity. Here, we report identification of alternative compact hispidin synthases encoded by a phylogenetically diverse group of plants. A hybrid bioluminescence pathway that combines plant and fungal genes is more compact, not dependent on availability of machinery for posttranslational modifications, and confers autonomous bioluminescence in yeast, mammalian, and plant hosts. The compact size of plant hispidin synthases enables additional modes of delivery of autoluminescence, such as delivery with viral vectors.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a novel bacterium-like particle-based vaccine displaying canine distemper virus antigens in mice and dogs
Authors: Wang Jianzhong , Liu Lina , Zong Xianchun , Wang Chunliu , Zhu Guangmei , Yang Guilian , Jiang Yanlong , Yang Wentao , Huang Haibin , Shi Chunwei , Zeng Yan , Wang Nan , Cao Xin , Wang Chunfeng , Feng Na
Published: March 2024

Canine distemper virus (CDV) poses a severe threat to both domesticated and wild animals, including multiple carnivores. With the continued expansion of its host range, there is an urgent need for the development of a safer and more effective vaccine. In this study, we developed subunit vaccines based on a bacterium-like particle (BLP) delivery platform containing BLPs-F and BLPs-H, which display the CDV F and H glycoprotein antigens, respectively, using the antigen-protein anchor fusions produced by a recombinant baculovirus insect cell expression system. The combination of BLPs-F and BLPs-H (CDV-BLPs), formulated with colloidal manganese salt [Mn jelly (MnJ)] adjuvant, triggered robust CDV-specific antibody responses and a substantial increase in the number of interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-secreting CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells in mice. Dogs immunized intramuscularly with this vaccine not only produced CDV-specific IgG but also displayed elevated concentrations of IFN-γ and interleukin 6 in their serum, along with an increase of the CD3
+
CD4
+
and CD3
+
CD8
+
T cell subsets. Consequently, this heightened immune response provided effective protection against disease development and reduced viral shedding levels following challenge with a virulent strain. These findings suggest that this BLP-based subunit vaccine has the potential to become a novel canine distemper vaccine.

IMPORTANCE

Many sensitive species require a safe and effective distemper vaccine. Non-replicating vaccines are preferred. We constructed subunit particles displaying canine distemper virus (CDV) antigens based on a bacterium-like particle (BLP) delivery platform. The CDV-BLPs formulated with theMn jelly adjuvant induced robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to CDV in mice and dogs, thereby providing effective protection against a virulent virus challenge. This work is an important step in developing a CDV subunit vaccine.
Supplemental Material: Modification of Archean cratons in southern Africa with foundered segments dropped into the shallow lower mantle
Authors: Xi Jiaji , Yu Youqiang , al. et
Published: March 2024

Supplemental text and Figures S1–S27. 
Supplemental Material: Tectonic dismemberment and plume-ridge interaction in the Sub-Antarctic South Atlantic Ocean Basin: Confirmation from in situ geochemical and Sr isotopic compositions of minerals
Authors: Chen Shuangshuang , et al.
Published: March 2024

Geochemical data and supplemental figures generated in this study are 7 included in Supplemental Text S1, Tables S1–S8, and Figures S1–S10.
How common are side effects of treatment to prevent gout flares when starting allopurinol?
Authors: Saul Helen , Deeney Brendan , Swaithes Laura , Roddy Edward
Published: March 2024

The study

Roddy E, Bajpai R, Forrester H, et al. Safety of colchicine and NSAID prophylaxis when initiating urate-lowering therapy for gout: propensity score-matched cohort studies in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
Ann Rheum Dis
2023;82:1618-25.

To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:
https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/how-common-are-side-effects-of-treatment-to-prevent-gout-flares-when-starting-allopurinol/
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with sequential perioperative toripalimab in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer
Authors: Xu Xin , Sun Zhiyong , Liu Qiang , Zhang Yao , Shen Lei , Zhang Chenpeng , Lin Haiping , Hu Bin , Rong Ling , Chen Haiyan , Wang Xiaohang , Zhao Xiaojing , Bai Yong-Rui , Ye Qing , Ma Xiumei
Published: March 2024

Background

Programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor demonstrated durable antitumor activity in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the clinical benefit of perioperative immunotherapy in ESCC remains unclear. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) combined with the PD-1 inhibitor toripalimab in patients with resectable ESCC.

Methods

From July 2020 to July 2022, 21 patients with histopathologically confirmed thoracic ESCC and clinical staged as cT1-4aN1-2M0/cT3-4aN0M0 were enrolled. Eligible patients received radiotherapy (23 fractions of 1.8 Gy, 5 fractions a week) with concurrent chemotherapy of paclitaxel/cisplatin (paclitaxel 45 mg/m2and cisplatin 25 mg/m2) on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 and two cycles of toripalimab 240 mg every 3 weeks after nCRT for neoadjuvant therapy before surgery, four cycles of toripalimab 240 mg every 3 weeks for adjuvant therapy after surgery. The primary endpoint was the major pathological response (MPR) rate. The secondary endpoints were safety and survival outcomes.

Results

A total of 21 patients were included, of whom 20 patients underwent surgery, 1 patient refused surgery and another patient was confirmed adenocarcinoma after surgery. The MPR and pathological complete response (pCR) rates were 78.9% (15/19) and 47.4% (9/19) for surgery ESCC patients. 21 patients (100.0%) had any-grade treatment-related adverse events, with the most common being lymphopenia (100.0%), leukopenia (85.7%), neutropenia (52.4%). 14 patients (66.7%) had adverse events of grade 3 with the most common being lymphopenia (66.7%). The maximum standardized uptake value and total lesion glycolysis of positron emission tomography/CT after neoadjuvant therapy well predicted the pathological response. The peripheral CD4+%, CD3+HLA-DR+/CD3+%, CD8+HLA-DR+/CD8+%, and IL-6 were significant differences between pCR and non-pCR groups at different times during neoadjuvant therapy. Three patients had tumor relapse and patients with MPR have longer disease-free survival than non-MPR patients.

Conclusions

nCRT combined with perioperative toripalimab is effective and safe for locally advanced resectable ESCC. Long-term survival outcomes remain to be determined.

Trial registration number

NCT04437212.
Associations of concomitant medications with immune-related adverse events and survival in advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Nara Katsuhiko , Taguchi Satoru , Buti Sebastiano , Kawai Taketo , Uemura Yukari , Yamamoto Takehito , Kume Haruki , Takada Tappei
Published: March 2024

Background

While concomitant medications can affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), few studies have assessed associations of concomitant medications with the occurrence and profile of immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

Methods

This study assessed associations of concomitant medication (antibiotics/proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)/corticosteroids)-based risk model termed the “drug score” with survival and the occurrence and profile of irAEs in 851 patients with advanced cancer treated with ICIs (with or without other agents). The study also assessed the survival impact of the occurrence of irAEs, using a landmark analysis to minimize immortal time bias. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

The drug score classified patients into three risk groups, with significantly different PFS and OS. Notably, the score’s predictive capability was better in patients treated with ICIs only than in those treated with ICIs plus other agents. The landmark analysis showed that patients who developed irAEs had significantly longer PFS and OS than those without irAEs. Generally, concomitant medications were negatively associated with the occurrence of irAEs, especially endocrine irAEs, whereas PPI use was positively associated with gastrointestinal irAEs, as an exception.

Conclusions

Using a large pan-cancer cohort, the prognostic ability of the drug score was validated, as well as that of the occurrence of irAEs. The negative association between concomitant medications and irAE occurrence could be an indirect measure of the detrimental effect on the immune system induced by one or more concomitant drugs.
Dissecting genetic architecture of rare dystonia: genetic, molecular and clinical insights
Authors: Atasu Burcu , Simón-Sánchez Javier , Hanagasi Hasmet , Bilgic Basar , Hauser Ann-Kathrin , Guven Gamze , Heutink Peter , Gasser Thomas , Lohmann Ebba
Published: March 2024

Background

Dystonia is one of the most common movement disorders. To date, the genetic causes of dystonia in populations of European descent have been extensively studied. However, other populations, particularly those from the Middle East, have not been adequately studied. The purpose of this study is to discover the genetic basis of dystonia in a clinically and genetically well-characterised dystonia cohort from Turkey, which harbours poorly studied populations.

Methods

Exome sequencing analysis was performed in 42 Turkish dystonia families. Using co-expression network (CEN) analysis, identified candidate genes were interrogated for the networks including known dystonia-associated genes and genes further associated with the protein-protein interaction, animal model-based characteristics and clinical findings.

Results

We identified potentially disease-causing variants in the established dystonia genes (PRKRA, SGCE, KMT2B, SLC2A1, GCH1, THAP1, HPCA, TSPOAP1, AOPEP; n=11 families (26%)), in the uncommon forms of dystonia-associated genes (PCCB, CACNA1A, ALDH5A1, PRKN; n=4 families (10%)) and in the candidate genes prioritised based on the pathogenicity of the variants and CEN-based analyses (n=11 families (21%)). The diagnostic yield was found to be 36%. Several pathways and gene ontologies implicated in immune system, transcription, metabolic pathways, endosomal-lysosomal and neurodevelopmental mechanisms were over-represented in our CEN analysis.

Conclusions

Here, using a structured approach, we have characterised a clinically and genetically well-defined dystonia cohort from Turkey, where dystonia has not been widely studied, and provided an uncovered genetic basis, which will facilitate diagnostic dystonia research.
Association between tobacco industry denormalisation beliefs and support for tobacco endgame policies: a population-based study in Hong Kong
Authors: Yao Ying , Cheung Yee Tak Derek , Wu Yongda Socrates , Guo Ziqiu , Chan Sik Kwan , Zhao Sheng Zhi , Tong Henry Sau Chai , Lai Vienna Wai Yin , Lam Tai Hing , Ho Sai Yin , Wang Man Ping
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To examine the associations between tobacco industry denormalisation (TID) beliefs and support for tobacco endgame policies.

Methods

A total of 2810 randomly selected adult respondents of population-based tobacco policy-related surveys (2018–2019) were included. TID beliefs (agree vs disagree/unsure) were measured by seven items: tobacco manufacturers ignore health, induce addiction, hide harm, spread false information, lure smoking, interfere with tobacco control policies and should be responsible for health problems. Score of each item was summed up and dichotomised (median=5, >5 strong beliefs; ≤5 weak beliefs). Support for tobacco endgame policies on total bans of tobacco sales (yes/no) and use (yes/no) was reported. Associations between TID beliefs and tobacco endgame policies support across various smoking status were analysed, adjusting for sociodemographics.

Results

Fewer smokers (23.3%) had strong beliefs of TID than ex-smokers (48.4%) and never smokers (48.5%) (p<0.001). Support for total bans on tobacco sales (74.6%) and use (76.9%) was lower in smokers (33.3% and 35.3%) than ex-smokers (74.3% and 77.9%) and never smokers (76.0% and 78.3%) (all p values<0.001). An increase in the number of TID beliefs supported was positively associated with support for a total ban on sales (adjusted risk ratio 1.06, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.08, p<0.001) and use (1.06, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.07, p<0.001). The corresponding associations were stronger in smokers than non-smokers (sales: 1.87 vs 1.25, p value for interaction=0.03; use: 1.78 vs 1.21, p value for interaction=0.03).

Conclusion

Stronger TID belief was associated with greater support for total bans on tobacco sales and use. TID intervention may increase support for tobacco endgame, especially in current smokers.
Multiple signs of ecosystem change in the zooplankton community of a large temperate lake
Authors: Young Joelle D. , Jarjanazi Hamdi , Palmer Michelle E.
Published: March 2024

Large lakes, such as Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada, are undergoing significant change due to local and global stressors. Uni- and multivariate analyses of Lake Simcoe's zooplankton community from 1986 to 2012 indicated multiple events of ecosystem change that were synchronous across three lake stations . In the mid-1990s, shifts in zooplankton species abundance and richness, and total cladoceran body size were strongly correlated with the invasion of the zooplanktivore, Bythotrephes cederstroemii. In the early 2000s, additional shifts in zooplankton abundance, as well as copepod body size, coincided with increased water clarity (linked to filter feeding by the invader Dreissena polymorpha) and hypolimnetic water temperature. Further community changes occurred in the 2000s when Bythotrephes declined and many vulnerable cladoceran species recovered. However, the Lake Simcoe community did not fully return to its pre-invasion state as the cold-water herbivores, Daphnia longiremis and Daphnia pulicaria, remained absent. The Lake Simcoe zooplankton community illustrates ongoing ecosystem change that propagated throughout the lake food web and may be reflected in other lakes experiencing global stressors of climate change and species invasions.
QUEST-DMC superfluid $$^3$$He detector for sub-GeV dark matter
Authors:   QUEST-DMC collaboration, Autti S. , Casey A. , Eng N. , Darvishi N. , Franchini P. , Haley R. P. , Heikkinen P. J. , Jennings A. , Kemp A. , Leason E. , Levitin L. V. , Monroe J. , March-Russel J. , Noble M. T. , Prance J. R. , Rojas X. , Salmon T. , Saunders J. , Smith R. , Thompson M. D. , Tsepelin V. , West S. M. , Whitehead L. , Zavjalov V. V. , Zmeev D. E.
Published: March 2024

The focus of dark matter searches to date has been on Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in the GeV/$$c^2$$

c
2

-TeV/$$c^2$$

c
2

mass range. The direct, indirect and collider searches in this mass range have been extensive but ultimately unsuccessful, providing a strong motivation for widening the search outside this range. Here we describe a new concept for a dark matter experiment, employing superfluid $$^3$$

3

He as a detector for dark matter that is close to the mass of the proton, of order 1 GeV/$$c^2$$

c
2

. The QUEST-DMC detector concept is based on quasiparticle detection in a bolometer cell by a nanomechanical resonator. In this paper we develop the energy measurement methodology and detector response model, simulate candidate dark matter signals and expected background interactions, and calculate the sensitivity of such a detector. We project that such a detector can reach sub-eV nuclear recoil energy threshold, opening up new windows on the parameter space of both spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions of light dark matter candidates.
Improving the performance of cryogenic calorimeters with nonlinear multivariate noise cancellation algorithms
Authors: Vetter K. J. , Beretta M. , Capelli C. , Corso F. Del , Hansen E. V. , Huang R. G. , Kolomensky Yu. G. , Marini L. , Nutini I. , Singh V. , Torres A. , Welliver B. , Zimmermann S. , Zucchelli S.
Published: March 2024

State-of-the-art physics experiments require high-resolution, low-noise, and low-threshold detectors to achieve competitive scientific results. However, experimental environments invariably introduce sources of noise, such as electrical interference or microphonics. The sources of this environmental noise can often be monitored by adding specially designed “auxiliary devices” (e.g. microphones, accelerometers, seismometers, magnetometers, and antennae). A model can then be constructed to predict the detector noise based on the auxiliary device information, which can then be subtracted from the true detector signal. Here, we present a multivariate noise cancellation algorithm which can be used in a variety of settings to improve the performance of detectors using multiple auxiliary devices. To validate this approach, we apply it to simulated data to remove noise due to electromagnetic interference and microphonic vibrations. We then employ the algorithm to a cryogenic light detector in the laboratory and show an improvement in the detector performance. Finally, we motivate the use of nonlinear terms to better model vibrational contributions to the noise in thermal detectors. We show a further improvement in the performance of a particular channel of the CUORE detector when using the nonlinear algorithm in combination with optimal filtering techniques.
Geodesically complete cyclic cosmologies and entropy
Authors: Pavlović Petar , Sossich Marko
Published: March 2024

We demonstrate that there exists a class of cyclic cosmological models, such that these models can in principle solve the problem of the entropy growth, and are at the same time geodesically complete. We thus show that some recently stated conclusions, according to which cyclic cosmologies solving the problem of entropy growth can not be geodesically complete due to the Borde–Guth–Vilenkin (BGV) theorem, are not justified. We also add a short conceptual discussion on entropy and cyclic cosmology, and present a detailed analysis of entropy density growth during periodic and non-periodic evolution for cyclic cosmologies.
Aerodynamic performance of semi-wing with multiple winglets operating at low- and medium-range Reynolds numbers
Authors: Sethunathan P. , Ramasamy K. K. , Sivasubramaniyam A. P. , Kannan R.
Published: March 2024

Birds have traits that can induce better aerodynamic efficiency along with high manoeuvring capability during its flight, which could be shared with unmanned aerial vehicles for improving their aerodynamic performances. One such feature of the wing tip, i.e. the primary feathers of the birds could be an effective geometrical feature to reduce the wing tip vortices. This paper presents the bio-inspired wing tip devices, i.e. three-and four-tipped multiple winglets in reducing the strength of vortices emanating from the wing tip of the wing operating in the Reynolds number (Re) of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Different combinations of both three- and four-tipped multiple winglets have been designed by varying the cant angle of each tip. Numerical simulations were carried out using Ansys-Fluent by solving three-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes formulations coupled with k-[Formula: see text] turbulence model to resolve the features of tip vortices. The simulation clearly indicates that there is a strong correlation between the size of the vortices and the aerodynamic performance parameters such as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. The three- and four-tipped multiple winglets are effective in reducing vortex drag by disintegrating large strength vortex which occurs in the tip of straight wing, into few numbers of small strength vortices. When compared to straight wing, three-tipped multiple winglet with the cant angle combination of 50, 30, 10 improves the aerodynamic efficiency by 22% to 23% and the four-tipped winglet with the cant angle combination of 60, 50, 40, 30 enhances the same by 21% to 22% in the Re of [Formula: see text]. Even the longitudinal static stability has seen considerable improvement for four-tipped multiple winglets than three-tipped multiple winglets and straight wing.
Efficient Parallel Algorithm for Minimum Cost Submodular Cover Problem with Lower Adaptive Complexity
Authors: Nguyen Hue T. , Ha Dung T. K. , Pham Canh V.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we study the Minimum Cost Submodular Cover ([Formula: see text]) problem over the ground set of size [Formula: see text], which aims at finding a subset with the minimal cost required so that the utility submodular function exceeds a given threshold. The problem has recently attracted a lot of attention due to its applications in various domains of operations research and artificial intelligence. However, the existing algorithms for this problem may not be easy to parallelize because of their costly adaptive complexity. However, the existing algorithms for this problem may not be effectively parallelized because of their costly adaptive complexity. This paper proposes an efficient parallel algorithm that returns a [Formula: see text]-bicriteria approximation solution within [Formula: see text] adaptive complexity, where [Formula: see text] are fixed parameters. Our algorithm requires [Formula: see text] query complexity, however, it can reduce to [Formula: see text] instead while retaining a low adaptive complexity of [Formula: see text]. Therefore, our algorithm not only achieves the same approximation guarantees as the state of the art but also significantly improves the best-known low adaptive complexity algorithm for the above problem.
Pointwise convergence of the heat and subordinates of the heat semigroups associated with the Laplace operator on homogeneous trees and two weighted Lp maximal inequalities
Authors: Alvarez-Romero I. , Barrios B. , Betancor J. J.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we consider the heat semigroup [Formula: see text] defined by the combinatorial Laplacian and two subordinated families of [Formula: see text] on homogeneous trees [Formula: see text]. We characterize the weights [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] for which the pointwise convergence to initial data of the above families holds for every [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] represents the counting measure in [Formula: see text]. We prove that this convergence property in [Formula: see text] is equivalent to the fact that the maximal operator on [Formula: see text], for some [Formula: see text], defined by the semigroup is bounded from [Formula: see text] into [Formula: see text] for some weight [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text].
Collaborative Spaces as Intermediaries for Small Business Innovation
Authors: Crispim Rafael Toassi , Camboim Guilherme Freitas , Zawislak Paulo Antônio
Published: March 2024

The rapid pace of technological change has been pushing firms to make their innovation processes more open. However, both inbound and outbound processes are complex to manage, especially for small businesses. These firms have their innovation activities constrained by missing capabilities, financial resources, and market reach. However, the existence of innovation intermediaries may overcome these issues by fostering collaboration among different stakeholders and thus bridging the gap between technological opportunities and user needs. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze how collaborative spaces intermediate small business innovation. A multiple case study comprising five collaborative spaces was carried out. Results indicate how each type of collaborative space may facilitate innovation according to their intermediation roles, type of governance, main members/users, type of knowledge produced, and the core elements of attraction they offer.
Motion of test particles in quasi anti-de Sitter regular black holes
Authors: Corona Dario , Giambò Roberto , Luongo Orlando
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we explore the characteristics of two novel regular spacetimes that exhibit a nonzero vacuum energy term, under the form of a (quasi) anti-de Sitter phase. Specifically, the first metric is spherical, while the second, derived by applying the generalized Newman–Janis algorithm to the first, is axisymmetric. We show that the equations of state of the effective fluids associated with the two metrics asymptotically tend to negative values, resembling quintessence. In addition, we study test particle motions, illustrating the main discrepancies among our models and more conventional metrics exhibiting non-vanishing anti-de Sitter phase.
Efficient degradation of ciprofloxacin by waste eggshells derived ES/CuS heterostructure under visible light
Authors: Zhao Guanghong , Wei Yuan , Liu Yubing , Liu Chao , Wang Hongyu , Li Xin , Liu Ronghui , Jiang Yanyan , Zhang Yulan , Gao Yuhui , Shi Gaofeng , Wang Guoying
Published: March 2024

The transformation of discarded eggshells (ES) into high value-added materials through technological means and the realization of turning waste ES “stone into gold” are of great significance to the environment and sustainable economic development. CuS is a typical semiconductor with broad and powerful light absorption properties, which is widely used in photocatalytic wastewater remediation. However, the high recombination rate of CuS photogenerated electron-hole pairs limits its application. In this study, a novel waste eggshell-derived ES/CuS heterojunction photocatalyst is innovatively constructed using an adsorption-precipitation method to realize the efficient degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) under visible light. The results showed that the ES/CuS heterojunction photocatalyst, under visible light irradiation, could degrade CIP (20 mg/L) with a degradation efficiency of 93.7% at 5 h (including 1 h of dark reaction), which compared to the degradation efficiency of CuS (52.3%) its CIP removal was significantly increased by a factor of 1.78, and showed good stability and reusability. The superior CIP degradation performance is mainly attributed to the introduction of ES to improve the separation efficiency of CuS photogenerated carriers and can participate in redox reactions through the formation of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on the surface of heterojunctions under visible light irradiation, which generation of oxidizing powerful ⋅[Formula: see text] radicals which can also directly oxidize CIP. This work provides a new perspective on the reuse of waste ES and the design of CuS catalysts.
Structural and spectral properties of unitary Haar graphs
Authors: Aminian Mohammad , Iranmanesh Mohammad A. , Arezoomand Majid
Published: March 2024

Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be the multiplicative group of the additive group [Formula: see text] of integers modulo [Formula: see text]. The unitary Haar graph [Formula: see text] is a graph with vertex set [Formula: see text] and the edge set [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study some structural properties of [Formula: see text] such as total chromatic number, diameter, planarity, the girth, vertex-connectivity and edge-connectivity. Also, some spectral properties of the graph [Formula: see text] are determined.
Generalized Cayley graphs over hypergroups and their graph product
Authors: Al-Tahan M. , Davvaz B.
Published: March 2024

Cayley graph is a graph that encodes the abstract structure of a group. It gives a way of encoding information about a group in a graph. On the other hand, hypergroup is a generalization of group in which the composition of any two elements is a non-empty set. The purpose of this paper is to find a suitable generalization of Cayley graphs to cover hypergroups. More precisely, we introduce generalized Cayley graphs over hypergroups, study their properties and find a simple tool to construct large connected GCH-graphs from smaller [Formula: see text]-graphs by using graph product.
Characterizing the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on left atrial size and function in the general population
Authors: Spencer Luke , Wright Leah , Foulkes Stephen J. , Rowe Stephanie J. , Dillon Hayley T. , Climie Rachel , Bigaran Ashley , Janssens Kristel , Mitchell Amy , Wallace Imogen , Lindqvist Anniina , Burnham Lauren , Prior David L. , Howden Erin J. , La Gerche Andre
Published: March 2024

Left atrial (LA) structure better predicts cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than LA function. LA function adds little statistical value to predictive models of peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak) in healthy individuals, suggesting limited discriminatory for CRF once LA size is factored. In the wider population of ostensibly healthy individuals, the association between increased LA volume and higher CRF provides an important counter to the association between atrial enlargement and heart failure symptoms in those with cardiac pathology.
Regulation of GeCu/Zn-SOD, GeMn-SOD, GeHsp90, and GeMT in Gymnocypris eckloni in Response to Copper and Lead Ion Challenges
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Zixuan , Li Changzhong , Wang Rong , Zhao Zifeng , Gou Huayu , Li Lanying , Xie Anbin , Ren Haotian , Qiu Bo , Li Xiaodie , Chen Yanxia , Wang Zhenji , Wang Guojie , Jin Wenjie
Published: March 2024

The contamination of aquatic environments by heavy metals can have detrimental effects on fish, impacting their growth and overall health, including the regulation of antioxidant genes. An investigation was carried out to assess the distribution and habitat of Gymnocypris eckloni in the Yellow River basin. Simultaneously, heavy metal concentrations in its habitat and in selected locations within the upper Yellow River were measured. In an effort to explore the potential roles of specific genes in antioxidant responses, G. eckloni was exposed to low concentrations of copper (Cu2+) and lead (Pb2+) for varying durations (12, 24, and 48 hours). The mRNA levels of GeCu/Zn-SOD, GeMn-SOD, GeHsp90, and GeMT were quantified in the gills, kidneys, and liver through qRT-PCR. The findings suggest that the habitat of G. eckloni is generally safe; however, occasional exceedances of safety standards could pose a potential threat to its growth. Importantly, the expression of GeCu/Zn-SOD, GeMn-SOD, GeHsp90, and GeMT exhibited responses to the low concentrations of copper-induced and lead-induced stress. Notably, GeCu/Zn-SOD, GeMn-SOD, and GeMT demonstrated heightened sensitivity to lead compared to copper. Furthermore, the expression of these genes displayed tissue-specific responses under identical metal stress conditions. These results indicate that GeCu/Zn-SOD, GeMn-SOD, GeHsp90, and GeMT genes have the potential to serve as early, sensitive biomarkers for the detection of metal toxicity induced by Cu2+ and Pb2+. This study also provides valuable insights into the functioning of antioxidant genes under oxidative stress in fish.
Phospholipase D, a Novel Therapeutic Target Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmune Diseases
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Zhu Feiqi , Zhu Jie , Liu Kangding
Published: March 2024

Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme that consists of six isoforms (PLD1–PLD6) and has been discovered in different organisms including bacteria, viruses, plants, and mammals. PLD is involved in regulating a wide range of nerve cells’ physiological processes, such as cytoskeleton modulation, proliferation/growth, vesicle trafficking, morphogenesis, and development. Simultaneously, PLD, which also plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neuroimmune diseases. In this review, family members, characterizations, structure, functions and related signaling pathways, and therapeutic values of PLD was summarized, then five representative diseases including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), etc. were selected as examples to tell the involvement of PLD in these neurological diseases. Notably, recent advances in the development of tools for studying PLD therapy envisaged novel therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, the limitations of PLD based therapy were also analyzed and discussed. The content of this review provided a thorough and reasonable basis for further studies to exploit the potential of PLD in the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuroimmune diseases.
Data from The Next-Generation Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader Camizestrant (AZD9833) Suppresses ER+ Breast Cancer Growth and Overcomes Endocrine and CDK4/6 Inhibitor Resistance
Authors: Lawson Mandy , Cureton Natalie , Ros Susana , Cheraghchi-Bashi Azadeh , Urosevic Jelena , D'Arcy Sophie , Delpuech Oona , DuPont Michelle , Fisher David I. , Gangl Eric T. , Lewis Hilary , Trueman Dawn , Wali Neha , Williamson Stuart C. , Moss Jennifer , Montaudon Elodie , Derrien Heloise , Marangoni Elisabetta , Miragaia Ricardo J. , Gagrica Sladjana , Morentin-Gutierrez Pablo , Moss Thomas A. , Maglennon Gareth , Sutton Daniel , Polanski Radoslaw , Rosen Alan , Cairns Jonathan , Zhang Pei , Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Serra Violeta , Critchlow Susan E. , Scott James S. , Lindemann Justin P.O. , Barry Simon T. , Klinowska Teresa , Morrow Christopher J. , Carnevalli Larissa S.
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERD) could become the backbone of endocrine therapy (ET) for estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer, as they achieve greater inhibition of ER-driven cancers than current ETs and overcome key resistance mechanisms. In this study, we evaluated the preclinical pharmacology and efficacy of the next-generation oral SERD camizestrant (AZD9833) and assessed ER–co-targeting strategies by combining camizestrant with CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-targeted therapy in models of progression on CDK4/6i and/or ET. Camizestrant demonstrated robust and selective ER degradation, modulated ER-regulated gene expression, and induced complete ER antagonism and significant antiproliferation activity in ESR1 wild-type (ESR1wt) and mutant (ESR1m) breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Camizestrant also delivered strong antitumor activity in fulvestrant-resistant ESR1wt and ESR1m PDX models. Evaluation of camizestrant in combination with CDK4/6i (palbociclib or abemaciclib) in CDK4/6-naive and -resistant models, as well as in combination with PI3Kαi (alpelisib), mTORi (everolimus), or AKTi (capivasertib), indicated that camizestrant was active with CDK4/6i or PI3K/AKT/mTORi and that antitumor activity was further increased by the triple combination. The response was observed independently of PI3K pathway mutation status. Overall, camizestrant shows strong and broad antitumor activity in ER+ breast cancer as a monotherapy and when combined with CDK4/6i and PI3K/AKT/mTORi.
Significance:
Camizestrant, a next-generation oral SERD, shows promise in preclinical models of ER+ breast cancer alone and in combination with CDK4/6 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors to address endocrine resistance, a current barrier to treatment.
Supplementary Figure 22 from Gigaxonin Suppresses Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Cancer Through Downregulation of Snail
Authors: Veena Mysore S. , Gahng Jungmo J. , Alani Mustafa , Ko Albert Y. , Basak Saroj K. , Liu Isabelle Y. , Hwang Kimberly J. , Chatoff Jenna R. , Venkatesan Natarajan , Morselli Marco , Yan Weihong , Ali Ibraheem , Kaczor-Urbanowicz Karolina Elżbieta , Gowda Bhavani Shankara , Frost Patrick , Pellegrini Matteo , Moatamed Neda A. , Wilczynski Sharon P. , Bomont Pascale , Wang Marilene B. , Shin Daniel Sanghoon , Srivatsan Eri S.
Published: March 2024

Overall survival of head and neck cancer
FIGURE 2 from Gigaxonin Suppresses Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Cancer Through Downregulation of Snail
Authors: Veena Mysore S. , Gahng Jungmo J. , Alani Mustafa , Ko Albert Y. , Basak Saroj K. , Liu Isabelle Y. , Hwang Kimberly J. , Chatoff Jenna R. , Venkatesan Natarajan , Morselli Marco , Yan Weihong , Ali Ibraheem , Kaczor-Urbanowicz Karolina Elżbieta , Gowda Bhavani Shankara , Frost Patrick , Pellegrini Matteo , Moatamed Neda A. , Wilczynski Sharon P. , Bomont Pascale , Wang Marilene B. , Shin Daniel Sanghoon , Srivatsan Eri S.
Published: March 2024

Inverse relationship between gigaxonin expression and cancer cell line growth in HPV18 and HPV18- versus HPV16-positive cell lines. A, Statistically significant reduced in vitro cell growth is seen in ME180 in comparison with HeLa cells. B, Soft agar colony formation assay confirms reduced growth of ME180 cells. Although HeLa and SiHa cell lines contain C/T alleles, HeLa cells with higher gigaxonin expression than SiHa cells. C, Shows in vitro slower growth. D, Reduced soft agar colony formation and increased cisplatin sensitivity. E, Incucyte growth assay demonstrates increasing sensitivity of ME180 cells with increasing concentration of cisplatin. Cell images acquired during the Incucyte assay shows presence of live cells 72 hours after cisplatin treatment (Supplementary Fig. S6). F, MTT assay demonstrates presence of live cells 6 days after cisplatin treatment (30%, 10%, and 6% live cells compared with untreated control in 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 µg/mL of cisplatin treatment, respectively). G, Cells collected after 4 days of cisplatin treatment show decreased expression of GAN, and p16 (CDKN2A) and enhanced NFκB expression. The data suggest that NFκB activation is related to the growth of cisplatin-resistant cells.
The Association between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and the Prevalence of Comorbidities in Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Breuls Sofie , Blondeel Astrid , Wuyts Marieke , Verleden Geert M. , Vos Robin , Janssens Wim , Troosters Thierry , Demeyer Heleen
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Lung transplant recipients are often physically inactive and are at risk of developing comorbidities. We investigated whether objectively measured physical activity was associated with the prevalence of comorbidities. Methods: Physical activity (accelerometry) and the presence of cardiovascular disease, symptoms of depression and anxiety, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, lower extremity artery disease, muscle weakness, obesity, and osteoporosis were assessed in 108 lung transplant recipients. Patients were divided into four groups based on daily step count. Results: A cohort of 108 patients (60 ± 7 years, 51% male, 20 ± 14 months since transplantation) was included. Active patients (>7,500 steps/day) had significantly fewer comorbidities (4 comorbidities) compared to severely inactive patients (<2,500 steps/day, 6 comorbidities), and muscle weakness and high symptoms of depression were less prevalent. Severely inactive patients had significantly more cardiovascular comorbidities compared to all other groups. No other significant differences were observed. Conclusion: Physically active lung transplant recipients have fewer comorbidities, lower prevalence of muscle weakness, and fewer symptoms of depression compared to very inactive patients.
Hospital Readmissions for Fluid Overload among Individuals with Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease: Risk Factors and Multivariable Prediction Models
Authors: Cai Jiashen , Huang Dorothy , Abdul Kadir Hanis Binte , Huang Zhihua , Ng Li Choo , Ang Andrew , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Bee Yong Mong , Tay Wei Yi , Tan Chieh Suai , Lim Cynthia C.
Published: March 2024

Aims: Hospital readmissions due to recurrent fluid overload in diabetes and diabetic kidney disease can be avoided with evidence-based interventions. We aimed to identify at-risk patients who can benefit from these interventions by developing risk prediction models for readmissions for fluid overload in people living with diabetes and diabetic kidney disease. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of 1,531 adults with diabetes and diabetic kidney disease hospitalized for fluid overload, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, and generalized edema between 2015 and 2017. The multivariable regression models for 30-day and 90-day readmission for fluid overload were compared with the LACE score for discrimination, calibration, sensitivity, specificity, and net reclassification index (NRI). Results: Readmissions for fluid overload within 30 days and 90 days occurred in 8.6% and 17.2% of patients with diabetes, and 8.2% and 18.3% of patients with diabetic kidney disease, respectively. After adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, clinical parameters, and medications, a history of alcoholism (HR 3.85, 95% CI: 1.41–10.55) and prior hospitalization for fluid overload (HR 2.50, 95% CI: 1.26–4.96) were independently associated with 30-day readmission in patients with diabetic kidney disease, as well as in individuals with diabetes. Additionally, current smoking, absence of hypertension, and high-dose intravenous furosemide were also associated with 30-day readmission in individuals with diabetes. Prior hospitalization for fluid overload (HR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.50–3.94), cardiovascular disease (HR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.03–2.02), eGFR ≤45 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.003–1.93) was independently associated with 90-day readmissions in individuals with diabetic kidney disease. Additionally, thiazide prescription at discharge reduced 90-day readmission in diabetic kidney disease, while the need for high-dose intravenous furosemide predicted 90-day readmission in diabetes. The clinical and clinico-psychological models for 90-day readmission in individuals with diabetes and diabetic kidney disease had better discrimination and calibration than the LACE score. The NRI for the clinico-psychosocial models to predict 30- and 90-day readmissions in diabetes was 22.4% and 28.9%, respectively. The NRI for the clinico-psychosocial models to predict 30- and 90-day readmissions in diabetic kidney disease was 5.6% and 38.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The risk models can potentially be used to identify patients at risk of readmission for fluid overload for evidence-based interventions, such as patient education or transitional care programs to reduce preventable hospitalizations.