bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Underwater Power Conversion and Junction Technology for Underwater Wireless Power Transfer Stations
Authors: Yang Lei , Chen Xinze , Zhang Yuanqi , Feng Baoxiang , Wen Haibing , Yang Ting , Zhao Xin , Huang Jingjing , Zhu Darui , Zhao Yaopeng , Zhang Aimin , Tong Xiangqian
Published: March 2024

Underwater wireless power transfer (UWPT) systems are appropriate for battery charging of compact, submerged devices without a complicated and expensive sealing structure or human contact because the power source and load are not physically connected. For the shore-based power supply situation, the underwater power conversion and junction technology should be required to drop down shore-based voltage to the target voltage for the underwater energy supply of the UWPT system. This paper proposes a lightweight, high efficiency and power density underwater power conversion connector system for the UWPT system, in which the LLC resonant converter is constructed with SiC transistors. The full load range zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and load adaptive characteristics have been achieved. The optimized RC level shift driver is adopted to highly reduce the switching loss of SiC transistors. Shore-based voltage of 1000 V was converted to the target voltage of 375 V for the UWPT system. The highest measured efficiency is over 98% at a load power level of 1500 W underwater conditions.
Exploring the Relationship between Ovarian Cancer and Genital Microbiota: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Capozzi Vito Andrea , Incognito Giosuè Giordano , Scarpelli Elisa , Palumbo Marco , Randazzo Cinzia Lucia , Pino Alessandra , La Verde Marco , Ronsini Carlo , Riemma Gaetano , Gaiano Michela , Romeo Paola , Palmara Vittorio , Berretta Roberto , Cianci Stefano
Published: March 2024

Ovarian cancer (OC) remains a significant health challenge globally, with high mortality rates despite advancements in treatment. Emerging research suggests a potential link between OC development and genital dysbiosis, implicating alterations in the microbiome composition as a contributing factor. To investigate this correlation, a meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, involving eight studies encompassing 3504 patients. Studies investigating the role of upper and inferior genital tract dysbiosis were included, with particular reference to HPV infection and/or history of pelvic inflammatory disease. The analysis revealed no significant difference in genital dysbiosis prevalence between OC patients and healthy controls. Although previous literature suggests associations between dysbiosis and gynecologic cancers, such as cervical and endometrial cancers, the findings regarding OC are inconclusive. Methodological variations and environmental factors may contribute to these discrepancies, underscoring the need for standardized methodologies and larger-scale studies. Despite the limitations, understanding the microbiome’s role in OC development holds promise for informing preventive and therapeutic strategies. A holistic approach to patient care, incorporating microbiome monitoring and personalized interventions, may offer insights into mitigating OC risk and improving treatment outcomes. Further research with robust methodologies is warranted to elucidate the complex interplay between dysbiosis and OC, potentially paving the way for novel preventive and therapeutic approaches.
A 20-Year Ecotone Study of Pacific Northwest Mountain Forest Vulnerability to Changing Snow Conditions
Authors: Lookingbill Todd R. , DuPuy Jack , Jacobs Ellery , Gonzalez Matteo , Kostadinov Tihomir S.
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: Global climate change is expected to significantly alter growing conditions along mountain gradients. Landscape ecological patterns are likely to shift significantly as species attempt to adapt to these changes. We evaluated the extent to which spatial (elevation and canopy cover) and temporal (decadal trend and El Niño–Southern Oscillation/Pacific Decadal Oscillation) factors impact seasonal snowmelt and forest community dynamics in the Western Hemlock–True Fir ecotone region of the Oregon Western Cascades, USA. (2) Methods: Tsuga heterophylla and Abies amabilis seedling locations were mapped three times over 20 years (2002–2022) on five sample transects strategically placed to cross the ecotone. Additionally, daily ground temperature readings were collected over 10 years for the five transects using 123 data loggers to estimate below-canopy snow metrics. (3) Results: Based on validation using time-lapse cameras, the data loggers proved highly reliable for estimating snow cover. The method reported fewer days of snow cover as compared to meteorological station-based snow products for the region, emphasizing the importance of direct under-canopy field observations of snow. Snow season variability was most significantly impacted temporally by cyclical ENSO/PDO climate patterns and spatially by differences in canopy cover within the ecotone. The associated seedling analysis identified clear sorting of species by elevation within the ecotone but reflected a lack of a long-term trend, as species dominance in the seedling strata did not significantly shift along the elevation gradient over the 20-year study. (4) Conclusions: The data logger-based approach provided estimates of snow cover at ecologically significant locations and fine enough spatial resolutions to allow for the study of forest regeneration dynamics. The results highlight the importance of long-term, understory snow measurements and the influence of climatic oscillations in understanding the vulnerability of mountain areas to the changing climate.
Tourism Development and Rural Land Transfer-Out: Evidence from China Family Panel Studies
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Cao Hong
Published: March 2024

For a long time, the decline in agricultural comparative returns and the urban–rural development gap in China have prompted the outflow of rural labor. Land transfer policies, which allow farmers to retain their land contracting rights while transferring their management rights, were instituted to mitigate the impact of labor outflow on land use and agricultural production. In recent years, tourism has contributed to the diversification of the rural economy and has had an essential impact on the urban–rural allocation of elements such as labor. In this paper, we adopt a probit model to investigate the impact of tourism development on rural land transfer-out by using data from the China Family Panel Studies. The results show that the marginal effect of tourism development is significantly negative, indicating that the probability of rural land transfer-out was significantly reduced with tourism development. The results are still valid after a series of robustness tests. A mechanism analysis indicates that tourism development inhibits land transfer by enhancing local vitality, such as increasing the local employment of rural labor and promoting participation in agricultural production. Moreover, from the perspective of rural welfare and asset prices, further research finds that tourism development contributes to poverty alleviation and increases land value. These results suggest that tourism development inhibits land transfer while promoting rural sustainable development, helping to understand the impact of tourism on rural land use and household asset allocation from a more comprehensive perspective.
Comparing Perioperative Complications of Off-Clamp versus On-Clamp Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cancer Using a Novel Energy Balancing Weights Method
Authors: Lofaro Danilo , Amparore Daniele , Perri Anna , Rago Vittoria , Piana Alberto , Zaccone Vincenzo , Morelli Michele , Bisegna Claudio , Suraci Paolo Pietro , Conforti Domenico , Porpiglia Francesco , Di Dio Michele
Published: March 2024

Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the primary surgical method for renal tumor treatment, typically involving clamping the renal artery during tumor removal, leading to warm ischemia and potential renal function impairment. Off-clamp approaches have been explored to mitigate organ damage, yet few results have emerged about the possible effects on hemoglobin loss. Most evidence comes from retrospective studies using propensity score matching, known to be sensitive to PS model misspecification. The energy balancing weights (EBW) method offers an alternative method to address bias by focusing on balancing all the characteristics of covariate distribution. We aimed to compare on- vs. off-clamp techniques in PN using EB-weighted retrospective patient data. Out of 333 consecutive PNs (275/58 on/off-clamp ratio), the EBW method achieved balanced variables, notably tumor anatomy and staging. No significant differences were observed in the operative endpoints between on- and off-clamp techniques, although off-clamp PNs showed slight reductions in hemoglobin loss and renal function decline, albeit with slightly higher perioperative blood loss. Our findings support previous evidence, indicating comparable surgical outcomes between standard and off-clamp procedures, with the EBW method proving effective in balancing baseline variables in observational studies comparing interventions.
Post-Voided Residual Ratio Does Not Predict Trifecta Outcome after Transurethral Resection of Prostate
Authors: Lombardo Riccardo , Ghezzo Nicola , Sarcinelli Luca , Turchi Beatrice , Zammitti Filippo , Franco Antonio , Nacchia Antonio , Cicione Antonio , Tema Giorgia , Pastore Antonio Luigi , Guarnotta Giorgio , Fuschi Andrea , Al Salhi Yazan , Tubaro Andrea , De Nunzio Cosimo
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to assess the importance of the post-void residual (PVR) ratio (PVR ratio) in achieving a favorable trifecta outcome for patients suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic enlargement (LUTS-BPE) who undergo transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Starting from 2015, a series of patients with LUTS-BPE who underwent TURP were included in a forward-looking study. These patients were assessed using the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) screening tool, uroflowmetry, and a transrectal ultrasound to measure prostate volume (TRUS). Both the PVR urine volume and the PVR ratio (PVR-R), which is the PVR as a percentage of total bladder volume (voided volume + PVR), were measured. The assessment of outcomes was based on the trifecta favorable outcome, defined as meeting all of the following criteria: (1) absence of perioperative complications, (2) a postoperative IPSS of less than eight, and (3) a postoperative maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) greater than 15 mL/s. A total of 143 patients were included, with a median age of 70 years (interquartile range 65–73). Of these, 58% (83/143) achieved a positive trifecta outcome. Upon conducting a multivariate analysis, both IPSS and Qmax were identified as predictors of a positive trifecta outcome, whereas the PVR-R did not prove to be an independent predictor. In summary, it was found that preoperative IPSS and Qmax are indicative of a trifecta outcome following TURP, whereas PVR-R is not.
Experimental Investigation of an Incremental Contact Model for Hyperelastic Solids Using an In Situ Optical Interferometric Technique
Authors: Zheng Yanbin , Jiang Chunyun
Published: March 2024

The intricacies of rough surface contact are amplified by hyperelastic materials, primarily due to nonlinear enhancement caused by stress concentration. In previous studies, we proposed an incremental contact model for hyperelastic materials based on the tangent modulus and validated it through finite element simulations. This study proceeds with the experimental validation of the model. Initially, four hyperelastic rough surfaces were scanned and stitched together using a white light interferometer to obtain the whole surface topography. Subsequently, in situ optical interferometric techniques precisely measured the actual contact areas between these four samples and quartz glass, establishing the relationship between the load and contact area. Finally, by incorporating the surface topography into the incremental contact model for hyperelastic materials using profile theory, predictions of the relationship between load and contact area were made and compared with the experimental results. Significant agreement was found within nearly 90% of the relative contact area, which validated the model’s efficacy. The importance of this model extends to practical domains, such as wear, sealing, and contact surface safety research.
Bond Analysis of Titanium Rods Embedded in Masonry
Authors: Haile Fitsum , Corradi Marco , Mustafaraj Enea , Coolledge Harrison , Adkins Jill
Published: March 2024

Among the techniques utilized for strengthening masonry structures with advanced materials, the adoption of near-surface mounted (NSM) titanium rods stands out as a promising method for increasing the flexural and shear strength of masonry structures. This method is also known as Bed Joint Reinforcement. Ensuring an effective performance of this technique hinges on establishing a strong bond between the NSM reinforcement and the substrate masonry material. The primary objective of this project was to study the mechanics of this bond using NSM threaded and smooth titanium rods while scrutinizing the impact of key parameters on bond performance. Variables under investigation encompassed the rod type (smooth and threaded), bond length, and the material used to fill the groove (type of mortars). It was found that threaded rods outperformed all other types investigated, and pull-out strengths can be significantly improved through careful selection and optimization of the mortar type and bond length.
Effect of Pt on Stress Rupture Properties of Pt-Modified Nickel Aluminide Coatings at 1100 °C
Authors: Xue Youying , Yin Bin , Deng Peng , Deng Chunming , Mao Jie , Qiu Zhaoguo , Zeng Dechang , Liu Min
Published: March 2024

Platinum plays a crucial role in the superior high-temperature oxidation resistance of Pt-modified nickel aluminide (PtAl) coatings. However, PtAl coatings usually serve in thermo-mechanical coupling environments. To investigate whether Pt contributes to the high-temperature mechanical properties of PtAl coating, stress rupture tests under 1100 °C/100 MPa were performed on PtAl coatings with varying Pt contents. The different coatings were obtained by changing the thickness of the electroplated Pt layer, followed by a diffusion heat treatment and the aluminizing process in the present work. The results of the stress rupture tests indicated that an increasing Pt content resulted in a significant decrease in the stress rupture life of PtAl-coated superalloys under 1100 °C/100 MPa. Theoretical calculations and microstructural analysis suggested that an increased coating thickness due to the Pt content is not the main reason for this decline. It was found that the cracks generated close to the substrate in high-Pt-coated superalloys accelerated the fracture failure.
Charge Transport in the Presence of Correlations and Disorder: Organic Conductors and Manganites
Authors: Tafra Emil , Basletić Mario , Ivek Tomislav , Kuveždić Marko , Novosel Nikolina , Tomić Silvia , Korin-Hamzić Bojana , Čulo Matija
Published: March 2024

One of the most fascinating aspects of condensed matter is its ability to conduct electricity, which is particularly pronounced in conventional metals such as copper or silver. Such behavior stems from a strong tendency of valence electrons to delocalize in a periodic potential created by ions in the crystal lattice of a given material. In many advanced materials, however, this basic delocalization process of the valence electrons competes with various processes that tend to localize these very same valence electrons, thus driving the insulating behavior. The two such most important processes are the Mott localization, driven by strong correlation effects among the valence electrons, and the Anderson localization, driven by the interaction of the valence electrons with a strong disorder potential. These two localization processes are almost exclusively considered separately from both an experimental and a theoretical standpoint. Here, we offer an overview of our long-standing research on selected organic conductors and manganites, that clearly show the presence of both these localization processes. We discuss these results within existing theories of Mott–Anderson localization and argue that such behavior could be a common feature of many advanced materials.
Volatilisation Behaviour and Mechanism of Lead-Containing Slag during Physical Property Tests
Authors: Tang Wen-Dan , Zhao Jun-Xue
Published: March 2024

According to physical property tests of lead-containing slag, the volatilisation behaviour of lead slag will have adverse impacts on test accuracy and further affect the control of chemical reactions, solidification and removal of inclusions during smelting. To analyse the volatilisation characteristics of lead slag, in this paper, four kinds of lead slags from lead direct reduction smelting with different PbO and ZnO content are taken. thermogravimetry, ISP-TOF were used. Additionally, the changes in volatiles and slag composition and phases were analysed with XRD and ICPS, and the volatilisation reaction mechanism was discussed. The results indicated that the volatilisation of lead slag can lead to a big weight loss of about to the slag with higher PbO content. The weight loss increases with the PbO content in slag increases. The volatile corresponding to the weight loss above 900 °C is mainly PbO and less ZnO. The higher the temperature is, the stronger the volatilisation is. With the increase in temperature and keeping time, most of the PbO can be evaporated and leaves little PbO in the residual slag. This will has great effect to physico-chemical property measurement of the slag with higher PbO content, especially to the property measurement that be kept at high temperature for a long time. Because the volatiles is trend to condense with the temperature decrease, mass spectrometer is limited by the condensation of volatiles, i.e., PbO, ZnO and so on, in the connection pipeline. The device should be modified for this use.
Research on the Remaining Life Prediction Method of Rolling Bearings Based on Optimized TPA-LSTM
Authors: Lei Na , Tang Youfu , Li Ao , Jiang Peichen
Published: March 2024

The whole life cycle degradation data set of rolling bearings has the characteristics of large capacity, diversity, and non-stationarity. As a powerful tool for processing such time series data in deep learning algorithms, LSTM is prone to the loss of important time series information in the process of the life prediction of rolling bearings, which leads to a decline in prediction accuracy. Therefore, a method for predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of rolling bearings based on the combination of temporal pattern attention mechanism (TPA) and LSTM is proposed. The method firstly combines hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) to construct a multi-faceted and multi-scale preferred feature set reflecting the degradation information of rolling bearings, then strengthens the information correlation between hidden layers of the LSTM model through TPA and optimates the parameters of the fusion model of TPA and LSTM by using the gazelle optimization algorithm (GOA). Finally, the model is applied to the experimental data set of rolling bearing degradation. The results show that, compared with the traditional model, this method is more suitable for the remaining life prediction of rolling bearings.
Iterated Local Search Approach to a Single-Product, Multiple-Source, Inventory-Routing Problem
Authors: Alonso-Pecina Federico , Hérnandez-Báez Irma Yazmín , López-Díaz Roberto Enrique , Cruz-Rosales Martin H.
Published: March 2024

We address an inventory-routing problem that arises in a liquid oxygen-producing company. Decisions must be made for the efficient transport of the product from sources to destinations by means of a heterogeneous fleet of trucks. This combinatorial problem has been stated as a constrained minimization one, whose objective function is the quotient of the operating cost divided by the total amount of delivered product. The operating cost comes from the distances traveled, the drivers’ salary, and the drivers’ overnight accommodation. The constraints include time windows for drivers and destinations, inventory safety levels, lower bounds for the quantity of product delivered to destinations, and maximum driving times. To approximate the optimal solution of this challenging problem, we developed a heuristic algorithm that first finds a feasible solution, and then iteratively improves it by combining the Metropolis criterion with local search. Our results are competitive with the best proposals in the literature.
Route Planning of Supermarket Delivery through Third-Party Logistics Considering Carbon Emission Cost
Authors: Pan Xiao , Lu Dongna , Li Ning
Published: March 2024

China’s policies about reducing carbon emissions mainly focus on saving energy and reducing pollutant emissions. However, the carbon emissions of the logistics industry remain high. Thus, logistics companies should not only reduce distribution costs, but also consider the impact of carbon emissions when planning distribution routes. This paper studies the supermarket delivery distribution route planning problem considering carbon emissions. Aiming at the lowest economic operating cost composed of fixed cost, driving cost, and carbon emission cost, we propose a grey wolf optimized genetic algorithm to generate delivery route plans, where the social rank and hunting behavior of the grey wolf optimization algorithm are integrated into the selection operation of the genetic algorithm. Finally, a real case of a large third-party logistics enterprise in Beijing is studied. The case study results verify the effectiveness and applicability of the model and algorithm.
The Effect of Stearic Acid on Microstructure and Properties of (Ti2AlC + Al2O3)p/TiAl Composites
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Yuan Meini , Pei Xin , Zhou Xiaosheng , Li Maohua
Published: March 2024

A new type of multiphase nanoparticle-reinforced TiAl matrix composites ((Ti2AlC + Al2O3)p/TiAl composites) was successfully prepared by vacuum hot-pressing sintering using Ti powder and Al powder, which were ball-milled with different contents of stearic acid (CH3(CH2)16COOH). The component, microstructure, reaction mechanism, and mechanical properties were studied. The results indicated that the composites prepared by adding stearic acid as a process control agent during the ball-milling process not only contained γ-TiAl and α2-Ti3Al phases but also Ti2AlC and Al2O3 phases. The results of SEM and TEM showed that the composites were composed of equiaxed TiAl and Ti3Al grains, and the Ti2AlC and Al2O3 particles were mainly distributed along the TiAl grain boundary in chain form, which can effectively reduce the TiAl grain size. Through the room-temperature compression test, the maximum compression stress was significantly improved in those composites that added the stearic acid, due to the reinforcement particles. The maximum compression stress was 1590 MPa with a 24.3% fracture strain. In addition, the generated crack deflection and Ti2AlC and Al2O3 particles could also enhance the toughness of the TiAl alloy. (Ti2AlC + Al2O3)p/TiAl composites generated by adding stearic acid played a key role in improving the mechanical properties of the TiAl matrix.
Effect of Electromagnetic Power on the Microstructure and Properties of 2219 Aluminum Alloy in Electromagnetic Continuous Casting Technology
Authors: Jiang Mingxi , Xu Dazhao , Ya Bin , Meng Linggang , Zhu Mengqi , Shan Changzhi , Zhang Xingguo
Published: March 2024

Electromagnetic continuous casting technology serves as a significant means for enhancing the casting performance of 2219 aluminum alloy. Investigating the influence of electromagnetic field variations on the solidification process is crucial for studying the microstructure and mechanical properties of electromagnetic cast billets. Through experimental research, variations in the microstructure and mechanical properties were examined for ordinary direct chill casting, as well as three different electromagnetic power casting ingots. The COMSOL software (COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0) was utilized to simulate the temperature and flow field, enabling an explanation of the resulting performance changes. The results showed the effect on electromagnetic continuous casting technology by the electromagnetic field generated by the Lorentz force and melt stirring, improving the melt flow and temperature distribution so that the melt center and the edge of the melt forcible convection were enhanced, thus realizing the tissue refinement, mechanical properties, and Cu element segregation of the improvement. With an increase in electromagnetic power, the distribution of the temperature field was more homogeneous, the segregation phenomenon was more alleviated, and the improvement in mechanical properties was more significant. The optimal microstructure and mechanical properties were achieved at a power of 20.0 kW, with a 74.7% improvement in grain refinement in the center and a tensile strength increase of 30.8%. Additionally, significant improvements were observed in segregation phenomena.
Ultraflexible PEDOT:PSS/IrOx-Modified Electrodes: Applications in Behavioral Modulation and Neural Signal Recording in Mice
Authors: Wang Xueying , Jiang Wanqi , Yang Huiran , Ye Yifei , Zhou Zhitao , Sun Liuyang , Nie Yanyan , Tao Tiger , Wei Xiaoling
Published: March 2024

Recent advancements in neural probe technology have become pivotal in both neuroscience research and the clinical management of neurological disorders. State-of-the-art developments have led to the advent of multichannel, high-density bidirectional neural interfaces that are adept at both recording and modulating neuronal activity within the central nervous system. Despite this progress, extant bidirectional probes designed for simultaneous recording and stimulation are beset with limitations, including elicitation of inflammatory responses and insufficient charge injection capacity. In this paper, we delineate the design and application of an innovative ultraflexible bidirectional neural probe engineered from polyimide. This probe is distinguished by its ability to facilitate high-resolution recordings and precise stimulation control in deep brain regions. Electrodes enhanced with a PEDOT:PSS/IrOx composite exhibit a substantial increase in charge storage capacity, escalating from 0.14 ± 0.01 mC/cm2 to an impressive 24.75 ± 0.18 mC/cm2. This augmentation significantly bolsters the electrodes’ charge transfer efficacy. In tandem, we observed a notable reduction in electrode impedance, from 3.47 ± 1.77 MΩ to a mere 41.88 ± 4.04 kΩ, while the phase angle exhibited a positive shift from −72.61 ± 1.84° to −34.17 ± 0.42°. To substantiate the electrodes’ functional prowess, we conducted in vivo experiments, where the probes were surgically implanted into the bilateral motor cortex of mice. These experiments involved the synchronous recording and meticulous analysis of neural signal fluctuations during stimulation and an assessment of the probes’ proficiency in modulating directional turning behaviors in the subjects. The empirical evidence corroborates that targeted stimulation within the bilateral motor cortex of mice can modulate the intensity of neural signals in the stimulated locale, enabling the directional control of the mice’s turning behavior to the contralateral side of the stimulation site.
Piezoelectric and Pyroelectric Properties of Organic MDABCO-NH4Cl3 Perovskite for Flexible Energy Harvesting
Authors: Baptista Rosa M. F. , Silva Bruna , Oliveira João , Almeida Bernardo , Castro Cidália , Rodrigues Pedro V. , Machado Ana , Gomes Etelvina de Matos , Belsley Michael
Published: March 2024

This study describes the synthesis and characterization of the lead-free organic ferroelectric perovskite N-methyl-N’-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octonium)-ammonium trichloride (MDABCO-NH4Cl3). The electrospinning technique was employed to obtain nanofibers embedded with this perovskite in a PVC polymer for hybrid fiber production. The dielectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties of these fibers were carefully examined. Based on measurements of the dielectric permittivity temperature and frequency dependence, together with the pyroelectric results, a transition from a high temperature paraelectric to a ferroelectric phase that persisted at room temperature was found to occur at 438 K. The measured pyroelectric coefficient yielded values as high as 290 μC K−1 m−2, which is in between the values reported for MDABCO-NH4I3 and the semiorganic ferroelectric triglycine sulfate (TGS). The hybrid nanofibers exhibited good morphological characteristics and demonstrated very good piezoelectric properties. Specifically, a piezoelectric coefficient of 42 pC/N was obtained when applying a periodical force of 3 N and a piezoelectric voltage coefficient of geff = 0.65 V mN−1. The performance of these fibers is on par with that of materials discussed in the existing literature for the fabrication of nano energy-harvesting generators. Importantly, the perovskite nanocrystals within the fibers are protected from degradation by the surrounding polymer, making them a promising environmentally friendly platform for flexible mechanical energy harvesting.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Mucociliary Clearance, and Bronchiectasis
Authors: Retuerto-Guerrero Miriam , López-Medrano Ramiro , de Freitas-González Elizabeth , Rivero-Lezcano Octavio Miguel
Published: March 2024

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental and ubiquitous, but only a few species are associated with disease, often presented as nodular/bronchiectatic or cavitary pulmonary forms. Bronchiectasis, airways dilatations characterized by chronic productive cough, is the main presentation of NTM pulmonary disease. The current Cole’s vicious circle model for bronchiectasis proposes that it progresses from a damaging insult, such as pneumonia, that affects the respiratory epithelium and compromises mucociliary clearance mechanisms, allowing microorganisms to colonize the airways. An important bronchiectasis risk factor is primary ciliary dyskinesia, but other ciliopathies, such as those associated with connective tissue diseases, also seem to facilitate bronchiectasis, as may occur in Lady Windermere syndrome, caused by M. avium infection. Inhaled NTM may become part of the lung microbiome. If the dose is too large, they may grow excessively as a biofilm and lead to disease. The incidence of NTM pulmonary disease has increased in the last two decades, which may have influenced the parallel increase in bronchiectasis incidence. We propose that ciliary dyskinesia is the main promoter of bronchiectasis, and that the bacteria most frequently involved are NTM. Restoration of ciliary function and impairment of mycobacterial biofilm formation may provide effective therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics.
Evaluating Rhizobacterial Antagonists for Controlling Cercospora beticola and Promoting Growth in Beta vulgaris
Authors: El Housni Zakariae , Ezrari Said , Radouane Nabil , Tahiri Abdessalem , Ouijja Abderrahman , Errafii Khaoula , Hijri Mohamed
Published: March 2024

Cercospora beticola Sacc. is an ascomycete pathogen that causes Cercospora leaf spot in sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) and other related crops. It can lead to significant yield losses if not effectively managed. This study aimed to assess rhizosphere bacteria from sugar beet soil as a biological control agent against C. beticola and evaluate their effect on B. vulgaris. Following a dual-culture screening, 18 bacteria exhibiting over 50% inhibition were selected, with 6 of them demonstrating more than 80% control. The bacteria were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, revealing 12 potential species belonging to 6 genera, including Bacillus, which was represented by 4 species. Additionally, the biochemical and molecular properties of the bacteria were characterized in depth, as well as plant growth promotion. PCR analysis of the genes responsible for producing antifungal metabolites revealed that 83%, 78%, 89%, and 56% of the selected bacteria possessed bacillomycin-, iturin-, fengycin-, and surfactin-encoding genes, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of a lipopeptide structure in the bacterial supernatant filtrate. Subsequently, the bacteria were assessed for their effect on sugar beet plants in controlled conditions. The bacteria exhibited notable capabilities, promoting growth in both roots and shoots, resulting in significant increases in root length and weight and shoot length. A field experiment with four bacterial candidates demonstrated good performance against C. beticola compared to the difenoconazole fungicide. These bacteria played a significant role in disease control, achieving a maximum efficacy of 77.42%, slightly below the 88.51% efficacy attained with difenoconazole. Additional field trials are necessary to verify the protective and growth-promoting effects of these candidates, whether applied individually, combined in consortia, or integrated with chemical inputs in sugar beet crop production.
Multidecadal Monsoon Variations during the Early Last Deglaciation Revealed by Speleothem Record from Southwestern China
Authors: Liang Yijia , Zhang Zhenqiu , Li Jinbiao , Zhao Bin , Wang Quan , Wang Yongjin , Cheng Hai
Published: March 2024

The Asian monsoon (AM) has direct and profound effects on the livelihoods of residents in South Asia and East Asia. Modern observations have shown multi-decadal alternations of flood and drought periods in these regions, likely influenced by climatic processes such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. However, our understanding of the multi-decadal variability of the AM under different climatic conditions remains uncertain. In this study, we collected an annually laminated and 780-mm stalagmite (sample number: BJ7) from Binjia (BJ) Cave in southwestern China, which is deeply influenced by the Asian monsoon system. Based on this sample, we established 6-year resolution and multi-proxy records for the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) variabilities during the early last termination, spanning from 18.2 to 16.1 ka BP. Measurements of five pairs of uranium and thorium solutions for 230Th dating were conducted using a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP- MS), and 374 pairs of stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) analyses were run on a Kiel Carbonate Device connected with Finnigan MAT-253 at Nanjing Normal University. The chronology for this sample was established by annual layer counting anchored with 230Th dating results. Our BJ7 δ18O record replicates well with other Chinese δ18O records on the general trend, all of which are superimposed by frequent multidecadal-scale fluctuations at approximately 60 years periodicity. Inspection of the 60-year band in BJ7 δ18O and δ13C records and results of the cross-wavelet analysis indicate coherent changes in the ASM and biomass production/karst processes during most of the studied period. In addition, the 60-year band of BJ7 and NGRIP δ18O records are consistent, implying the impacts of the high-latitude North Atlantic or Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on the ASM. Our study suggests that the 60-year variability should be an intrinsic feature of the climate system regardless of glacial or interglacial backgrounds.
Petroleum System Analysis and Burial History of Middle Permian Source Rock in Turpan–Hami Basin, NW China
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Gou Hongguang , Xu Xiongfei , Li Xiao , Miao Ke , Zhang Jing , Li Zaiguang , Li Zhiming , Yang Wei
Published: March 2024

The pre-Jurassic in the north depression of the Tuha depression is the most favorable replacement strata to obtain new reserves in the Turpan–Hami Basin. (Pre-Jurassic, in this paper, refers to the Permian and Triassic.) The main source rocks are the Taodonggou Group, of which the burial history and hydrocarbon generation potential remain unconfirmed. The investigation of the burial and thermal history is vital for the basin analysis and hydrocarbon exploration. Therefore, in this paper, by using the acoustic time difference method, vitrinite reflectance method, stratigraphic trend method and PetroMod-1D software, the differential characteristics of denudation thickness, burial history and thermal evolution history of different tectonic units in different periods of Taibei Sag in the Turpan–Hami basin are studied, and their influence on the petroleum system is analyzed, and then the zones with exploration potential are optimized. The results show that the Taibei Sag has experienced multiple tectonic uplift events. The Late Indosinian movement has profound effects on the Taodonggou Group source rocks. The rather large uplift amplitude postpones the maturation of source rocks. In addition, the Turpan–Hami Basin is a typical cold basin. Therefore, the thermal maturity of the source rocks is relatively low, with respect to the relatively deep burial. The thermal histories of the different sub-sags in the study area are slightly differentiated from each other. The Taodonggou Group source rocks in the Taibei Sag generally became mature during the Mid–Late Jurassic epoch, except for those in the Central–Southern Shanbei sub-sag, represented by Well LT-1, which reached the mature stage during the Late Triassic epoch. The study area has well-developed reservoir rocks, and effective reservoir bodies are formed in the slope zone and near the Tainan Sag, due to the higher porosity and permeability of reservoir rocks. The statistics related to the faults and an analysis of the structural styles of oil reservoirs indicate that the structural slope and anticline of the Huobei, Lianbei and Shanbei sub-sags are favorable for increasing reserves and production of hydrocarbons.
The Sensitivity of Structure to Ionic Radius and Reaction Stoichiometry: A Crystallographic Study of Metal Coordination and Hydrogen Bonding in Barbiturate Complexes of All Five Alkali Metals Li–Cs
Authors: Clegg William , Nichol Gary S.
Published: March 2024

A systematic study has been conducted on barbiturate complexes of all five alkali metals, Li–Cs, prepared from metal carbonates or hydroxides in an aqueous solution without other potential ligands present, varying the stoichiometric ratio of metal ion to barbituric acid (BAH). Eight polymeric coordination compounds (two each for Na, K, and Rb and one each for Li and Cs) have been characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All contain some combination of barbiturate anion BA− (necessarily in a 1:1 ratio with the metal cation M+), barbituric acid, and water. All organic species and water molecules are coordinated to the metal centres via oxygen atoms as either terminal or bridging ligands. Coordination numbers range from 4 (for the Li complex) to 8 (for the Cs complex). Extensive hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in all the crystal structures, almost all of which include pairs of N–H···O hydrogen bonds linking BA− and/or BAH components into ribbons extending in one dimension. Factors influencing the structure adopted by each compound include cation size and reaction stoichiometry as well as hydrogen bonding.
Uncontrolled Post-Industrial Landfill—Source of Metals, Potential Toxic Compounds, Dust, and Pathogens in Environment—A Case Study
Authors: Szulc Justyna , Okrasa Małgorzata , Nowak Adriana , Ryngajłło Małgorzata , Nizioł Joanna , Kuźniar Anna , Ruman Tomasz , Gutarowska Beata
Published: March 2024

The aim of this case study was the evaluation of the selected metals’ concentration, potential toxic compound identification, cytotoxicity analysis, estimation of the airborne dust concentration, biodiversity, and number of microorganisms in the environment (leachate, soil, air) of the biggest uncontrolled post-industrial landfills in Poland. Based on the results obtained, preliminary solutions for the future management of post-industrial objects that have become an uncontrolled landfill were indicated. In the air, the PM1 fraction dominated, constituting 78.1–98.2% of the particulate matter. Bacterial counts were in the ranges of 9.33 × 101–3.21 × 103 CFU m−3 (air), 1.87 × 105–2.30 × 106 CFU mL−1 (leachates), and 8.33 × 104–2.69 × 106 CFU g−1 (soil). In the air, the predominant bacteria were Cellulosimicrobium and Stenotrophomonas. The predominant fungi were Mycosphaerella, Cladosporium, and Chalastospora. The main bacteria in the leachates and soils were Acinetobacter, Mortierella, Proteiniclasticum, Caloramator, and Shewanella. The main fungi in the leachates and soils were Lindtneria. Elevated concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Hg were detected. The soil showed the most pronounced cytotoxic potential, with rates of 36.55%, 63.08%, and 100% for the A-549, Caco-2, and A-549 cell lines. Nine compounds were identified which may be responsible for this cytotoxic effect, including 2,4,8-trimethylquinoline, benzo(f)quinoline, and 1-(m-tolyl)isoquinoline. The microbiome included bacteria and fungi potentially metabolizing toxic compounds and pathogenic species.
Achieving Long-Cycle-Life Zinc-Ion Batteries through a Zincophilic Prussian Blue Analogue Interphase
Authors: Chang Kun , Zhao Shuangying , Deng Wenzhuo
Published: March 2024

The practical application of rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) has been severely hindered by detrimental dendrite growth, uncontrollable hydrogen evolution, and unfavorable side reactions occurring at the Zn metal anode. Here, we applied a Prussian blue analogue (PBA) material K2Zn3(Fe(CN)6)2 as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), by which the plentiful -C≡N- ligands at the surface and the large channels in the open framework structure can operate as a highly zincophilic moderator and ion sieve, inducing fast and uniform nucleation and deposition of Zn. Additionally, the dense interface effectively prevents water molecules from approaching the Zn surface, thereby inhibiting the hydrogen-evolution-resultant side reactions and corrosion. The highly reversible Zn plating/stripping is evidenced by an elevated Coulombic efficiency of 99.87% over 600 cycles in a Zn/Cu cell and a prolonged lifetime of 860 h at 5 mA cm−2, 2 mAh cm−2 in a Zn/Zn symmetric cell. Furthermore, the PBA-coated Zn anode ensures the excellent rate and cycling performance of an α-MnO2/Zn full cell. This work provides a simple and effective solution for the improvement of the Zn anode, advancing the commercialization of aqueous ZIBs.
Speciation Characterization and Environmental Stability of Arsenic in Arsenic-Containing Copper Slag Tailing
Authors: You Mu , Hu Yunhu , Zhou Chuncai , Liu Guijian
Published: March 2024

The increasing presence of arsenic-containing impurities within Cu ores can adversely affect the smelting process and aggravate the environmental impact of slag tailing. This study investigates the geochemical, mineralogical, and chemical speciation characteristics to better understand the association and environmental stability of metal(loid)s in copper slag tailing. The results indicate that the predominant chemical compositions of the selected slag tailing are Fe2O3 (54.8%) and SiO2 (28.1%). These tailings exhibit potential for multi-elemental contamination due to elevated concentrations of environmentally sensitive elements. Mineral phases identified within the slag tailings include silicate (fayalite), oxides (magnetite and hematite), and sulfides (galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, and chalcopyrite). The consistent presence of silicate, iron, arsenic, and oxygen in the elemental distribution suggests the existence of arsenic within silicate minerals in the form of Si-Fe-As-O phases. Additionally, arsenic shows association with sulfide minerals and oxides. The percentages of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) within the selected slag tailings are 59.4% and 40.6%, respectively. While the slag tailings are deemed non-hazardous due to the minimal amounts of toxic elements in leachates, proper disposal measures should be taken due to the elevated carbonate-bound levels of As and Cu present in these tailings.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Nitrogen-Doped Chitosan Carbon Fiber with Excellent Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Performance
Authors: Guo Mengyao , Lin Ming , Xu Jingwei , Pan Yongjiao , Ma Chen , Chen Guohua
Published: March 2024

Lightweight and low-cost one-dimensional carbon materials, especially biomass carbon fibers with multiple porous structures, have received wide attention in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption. In this paper, graphene-coated N-doped porous carbon nanofibers (PCNF) with excellent wave absorption properties were successfully synthesized via electrostatic spinning, electrostatic self-assembly, and high-temperature carbonization. The obtained results showed that the minimum reflection loss of the absorbing carbon fiber obtained under the carbonization condition of 800 °C is −51.047 dB, and the absorption bandwidth of reflection loss below −20 dB is 10.16 GHz. This work shows that carbonization temperature and filler content have a certain effect on the wave-absorbing properties of fiber, graphene with nanofiber, and the design and preparation of high-performance absorbing materials by combining the characteristics of graphene and nanofibers and multi-component coupling to provide new ideas for the research of absorbing materials.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZDY2013 Inhibits the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating the Intestinal Microbiota and Modulating the PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Teng Qiang , Lv Huihui , Peng Lingling , Ren Zhongyue , Chen Jiahui , Ma Lixue , Wei Hua , Wan Cuixiang
Published: March 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic hepatic condition whose impact on human health is increasingly significant. The imbalance of the gut microbiome, linked to insulin resistance, heightened intestinal permeability, and pro-inflammatory reactions, may be the linchpin in the development of NAFLD. In our research, the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZDY2013 administration for 12 weeks on gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a high-fat, high-fructose, high-cholesterol (FHHC) diet in male C57BL/6n mice was investigated. Research results presented that the intervention of L. plantarum ZDY2013 in mice fed with the FHHC diet could restore their liver function and regulate oxidative stress. Compared to mice in the model group, the intervention of L. plantarum ZDY2013 significantly regulated the gut microbiota, inhibited the LPS/NF-κB pathway, and led to a lower level of colonic inflammation in the mice administered with L. plantarum ZDY2013. It also improved insulin resistance to regulate the PI3K/Akt pathway and lipid metabolism, thereby resulting in reduced fat accumulation in the liver. The above results suggest that the intervention of L. plantarum ZDY2013 can hinder the progression of diet-induced NAFLD by reducing inflammation to regulate the PI3K/Akt pathway and regulating gut microbiota disturbance.
Nourishing Conversations: Using Motivational Interviewing in a Community Teaching Kitchen to Promote Healthy Eating via a Food as Medicine Intervention
Authors: Temelkova Sara , Lofton Saria , Lo Elaine , Wise Jeannine , McDonald Edwin K.
Published: March 2024

It is well known that dietary choices impact both individual and global health. However, there are numerous challenges at the personal and systemic level to fostering sustainable healthy eating patterns. There is a need for innovative ways to navigate these barriers. Food as Medicine (FM) and Culinary Medicine (CM) are approaches to helping individuals achieve healthier diets that also recognize the potential to alleviate the burden of chronic diseases through healthy eating. Teaching kitchens, which offer an interactive environment for learning nutrition and cooking skills, are valuable educational tools for FM and CM interventions. Motivational interviewing (MI), a type of person-centered counseling, facilitates behavior change and may enhance FM and CM programs involving teaching kitchens. In this commentary, we share our experience with using MI in a community-based CM program at a teaching kitchen. In demonstrating our application of MI principles, we hope to offer an additional strategy for improving dietary quality and delivering nutrition education.