bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Esyreva Vera Ivanovna – the founder of the Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod) school of algologists
Authors: Yulova Galina A.
Published: April 2022

Vera Ivanovna Yesyreva is a founder of a school of thought of algologists in Gorky city (afterwards Nizhny Novgorod), and also a student of professors Stankov S.S., Meyer K.I. Vera Ivanovna was a candidate of biological sciences, assistant (1945–1953) and afterwards associate professor (1953–1960) of plant morphology and systematics chair in the state university of Gorky. From 1961 to 1971 she has been a head of the department of biological research at the Chemistry research institute in state university of Gorky and head of laboratory “Gorky reservoir” (laboratory of hydrobiology afterwards), secretary of department of Moscow society of nature testers in Gorky city (1945–1953), chairman of department of all union hydrobiological society in Gorky city (1965–1970) and its honorary member. Vera Ivanovna is a well-known Russian algologist, she has made a great contribution to the study of algae in the Nizhny Novgorod Volga region: large rivers such as Volga, Oka, Gorky and Cheboksary reservoirs, small rivers of the region, and reservoirs of the Pustynsky reserve. Vera Ivanovna is the author of more than 30 scientific works.
Indicators of summer phytoplankton development of the Tsna River in the biological quality control of water
Authors: Malysheva Elena V. , Skripnikova Elena V.
Published: April 2022

The analysis of the species and taxonomic diversity of summers phytoplankton was carried out for river Tsna of the Tambov region. Methods of biological assessment of water quality in determining the degree of saprobity of water bodies are considered.
Improving Learning Outcomes of “Work Hard to Achieve Goals” Sub-Theme of Fourth-Grade Students Through The Application of Resitation Method
Authors: Purwatiningsih Tri , Yulianto Bambang , Rahma Pratiwi Emy Yunita
Published: April 2022

In school learning, the common method that teachers use is the lecturer method. In the lecture method, it can be ascertained that the teacher is more active than the students. During the 2013 curriculum, the students should be active in learning, so that teacher should have innovation in terms of teaching and make students more skilled when doing speaking activities in the classroom, expressing opinions, discussing, and presenting in front of the class. The objectives achieved from the implementation of this research are (1) describing activities of the teacher and the activities of students in learning to improve learning outcomes in the sub-theme work hard to achieve goals of the fourth-grade students of SDI SABILILAH through the application of the recitation method; (2) knowing the results of the learning outcomes, the sub-theme is work hard to achieve goals of IV grade students SDI SABILILLAH through the application recitation method. This type of research is Classroom Action Research ( PTK ) which was carried out for 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of 3 stages, namely the plan, action, and administration, reflection. The data that has been collected then has been analyzed with descriptive quantitative. The increase in student learning outcomes can be seen from the value before using the learning method. The learning outcomes increase significantly, then the recitation learning method is successfully applied to the sub-theme of trying to achieve goals. The learning outcomes of class IV B students before applying the recitation learning method in sub-theme learning were active trying to achieve the ideal of getting an average score of 72 and 40% of students were still below the KKM. The learning outcomes of students in the pots test cycle 1 stage by applying the recitation learning method obtained an average value of 77, students who got scores above 67% of KKM and students who were still below the criteria for grade IV KKM score of 33%. The learning outcomes of students in the second cycle of learning poses with the application of the recitation learning method, the average value obtained by class IVB students was with 100% student learning completeness and proved the classical learning criteria were high (increased).
The Effect of Crossword Puzzle Media on Student Learning Outcomes on The Theme of Events in The Life
Authors: Diana Lutfi Titik , Nuruddin Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Description of the Effect of Crosword Puzzle Media on Student Learning Outcomes. In this study using a pre- experimental research method Design. This research was conducted at SDIT Darul Falah Cukir which used a sample of 23 students. The instrument in this study was an initial test( Pretest) and a final test( posttest). Informasi analysis in this study used descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis with the help of a computer with of Statistiical Packae For Social Sciences( SPSS) version 17. 0 program. From the results of this study, it can be interpreted or concludid this after using the Crossword Puzzle media for fifth grade students of SDIT Darul Falah Cukir there is a learning effect on the Sub- Theme of National Events Regarding the Proclamation of Independence for fiftth grade students at SDIT Darul Falah Cukir, it shows that there is a significant difference of 0. 000 more less than 0. 05 signiificance ( 0. 000< 0. 05), then the hypothesis( H1) in this case is declared accepted in this study. Namely, the effect of using scroswoord puzzle media on student learning outcomes, there is a significance between students ability to understand the material in the Sub- Theme of National Events Regarding the Proclamation of Independence before and after using scroswoord puzzle media for fifth grade students at SDIT Darul Falah Cukir.
The Effect of An Animated Videos in Social Studies Learning Toward Creative Thinking of Fourth Grader Elementary Students
Authors: Narsiti Ela , Fitra Raharja Hawwin
Published: April 2022

Educationisa permanent thing in everyone’s life. Through human education forthe better, it is undeniable that education has colored human life from beginning to end As well as helping studentsto think creatively. This study aimsto determine the effect of animated videos in social studis learning on the creative thinking of fourthgrade elementry school students on the diversity of traditional houses in Indonesia. This research uses quantitative experimentl research with one group pre test post test design. The population of this study were all 21 grade fourth grade students consisting off 11 boys and 10 girls. Based onthe results of data analysis shows that the results ofthe pretest before being given treatment the lowet value is 40 and the highest value is 80 with an average value of 57,14. While for the post test after being given treatment the lowest value is 70 and the highest value is 96 with an average value of 81,04. So, there is an improvement after learning to use animated videos. In there results indicate that there i an influence an the creative thinking of fourth grade elementary school students.
PowerPoint-Based Interactive Multimedia Development to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking Sklills
Authors: Duhimatin Binti , Asmarani Ratih
Published: April 2022

Learning media are objects that can be used in integrating teaching materials. The use of media in learning activities can make it easier for students to digest the material. The purpose of this study is to describe (1) the process of developing interactive multimedia based on powerpoint (2) the quality of developing interactive multimedia based on powerpoint (3) the results of the realization of interactive multimedia based on powerpoint. This research is a type of development research or R&D (research and development) where this research aims to develop existing products or create new products. This development research adopts the ADDIE development model which has 5 stages in development, namely analyzing, designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating. The source of data in this development research comes from the process of developing interactive multimedia based on powerpoint with reference to the ADDIE model, material and media verifiers and students who answer questionnaires. The results of the evaluation of the material expert verifier obtained an average score of 66%. The media validator obtained an average score of 98% from the first to the third stage of evaluation. The results of the application of student response questionnaires that have been carried out have received good responses from students, with an average of 95.2%. Data from the pre-test and post-test assessments showed that the results obtained by students in the post-test were better than the results of the pretest. The results of the study can conclude that interactive multimedia based on powerpoint is feasible to use in learning.
The Influence of Smile Ball Media on Student Learning Outcomes on The Theme of Technology Development For Grade III Elementary School
Authors: Wulan Sari Nawang , Edi Siswanto M. Bambang
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of using smile ball media on student learning outcomes in thematic learning of class III Islamic Elementary School Al-Washoya Ngoro-Jombang which is based on the theme book 7 Technological Developments Sub-theme 1 Development of Learning Food Production Technology 1. The problems“in education is the implementation of learning is less interesting, therefore the teacher is required to use the media during learning process. The smile ball is one of fascinating media. The research used the smile ball media in thematic lesson wich held in even semester of 2020/2021 school year. This research included all Al-Washoya Islamic Elementary School grade three pupils, a total of 16 kids (9 males and 7 girls). The experimental class received thematic learning with Technology Development material and used smile ball media. While the control class received thematic learning with Technology Development material without using smile ball media. The results of the study can be seen from the test-t. The result of t-test between the experimental“class and control class was (5.7298) > (3.8129) indicating that there is a difference“between the experimental“class using smile ball media“and the“control class without using smile ball media. Also, the effect of using smile ball media with the material Development of Food Production Technology is greater than learning without using smile ball media.
The Effect of Cooperative Learning Model Type of Co-op Co-op on Mathematics Learning Outcomes for Class IV
Authors: Ainiyah Muflikhatun , Nuruddin Muhammad
Published: April 2022

This studies is a quantitative studies with the form of pre-experimental layout exam. In this overview, there have been gatherings in which first graders have been given getting to know with the aid of using now no longer using innocent to the surroundings getting to know fashions or normal systems, whilst at the second one accumulating understudies have been given choosing up using the network middle getting to know version. The units on this overview have been the important test (pre-test) and the remaining test (post-test). The evaluation of facts on this exam makes use of explaining exam and inferential actual exam with the help of the SPSS (Quantifiable Pack For Humanism) program. The effect of this take a look at is the ability to recognize the cloth as regards to the perimeters and areas of squares and rectangular shapes previous to using the getting to know version usual it's miles set as a medium and after the usage of the getting to know version is normally asked as proficient or high. For the prevailing situation there's an exceptionally large getting to know sway akin to 0.000. This large really well worth indicates 0.000 < 0.05 so H0 is brushed off and H1 is perceived. That is, on this focus on the usage of a innocent to the surroundings getting to know version of the general public venue kind impacts understudy getting to know effects and there's a simple effect among understudies` ability to recognize the perimeters and rectangular areas and rectangular shapes previous to using the form of public venue. accommodating getting to know fashions. interest and use of a public venue getting to know version this is affordable for fourth grade understudies of SD In addition to Pesantren Al-Anwar Paculgowang.
Inculcating Pancasila Values Through Pop Up Storybook Thematic Learning Strategies in Grade 2 SDN Sidokerto 2
Authors: Wulandari Sri , Fitra Raharja Hawwin
Published: April 2022

Indications of the decline in knowledge and practice of Pancasila in students include students who still do not memorize the Pancasila precepts, the sense of national unity and unity begins to fade and the behavior of loving the homeland decreases and the occurrence of moral degradation in society. Above all, signs of a decline in the knowledge and practice of Pancasila among students are students who still do not remember the teachings of Pancasila, the sense of unity and national unity that is starting to fade, and the attitude of love for their homeland and homeland. the world is reduced, the emergence of moral depravity in society. Therefore, this research aims to increase knowledge and practice of Pancasila for the next generation. The way that can be done to overcome this problem is to instill and provide knowledge about Pancasila through learning strategies. In elementary school learning is done with thematic learning. Thematic learning uses Pop Up Storybook learning media to make it easier for teachers to provide learning materials. This media contains pictures and stories that contain symbols and symbols as well as the application of Pancasila values in daily activities. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods, with data collection techniques namely Observation, Interview and Documentation. Data analysis by means of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and verification. Based on the problems that exist at SDN Sidokerto 2, learning using pop up storybook media can "provide understanding, attitudes, and skills in society that there are differences in life, but can maintain unity and harmony by seeing illustrations that are almost the same as actual events" through affirmation story that has been written in the pop-up. The process of inculcating Pancasila values through the Thematic Pop Up Storybook learning strategy for grade 2 students at SDN Sidokerto II looks more fun and students become interactive. With the planting of Pancasila values that are tucked away in the learning process students are able to know and be able to participate in and carry out activities that reflect Pancasila values with guidance from the teacher.
Development Of Profkids Learning Media In Science Learning Digestive System Materials
Authors: Arifien Muhammad Sonnif , Asmarani Ratih
Published: April 2022

Learning media is one of several components that are very important in the process of learning. The media developed in this study is a digital media based andorid containing IPA material about the digestive system. This research aims to develop profkids learning media that are valid, practical, and effective in learning at SDN 1 Mojowarno. The study subjects were 30 students of SDN 1 Mojowarno in even semester academic year 2020/2021. This development research uses Sugiyono's development model that modifies the Borg and Gall development model. The results of this study show that: (1) media validity results obtain an average of 84.13% of the validation of media experts, materials, learning designs, and languages with very valid categories; (2) the results of the implementation are 83.33% with a very practical category and can be used without revision; (3) "media quality results based on the 92.6% student response questionnaire test in the category are very interesting, so that the learning media can be said to be effective. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the profkids learning media developed is valid, practical, and effective so that it is suitable for use in learners.
The Effect of Using Video Power Director Learning Media on Student Learning Outcomes in Class VI SD
Authors: Mabruroh Lu'lu'atul , Siswanto M. Bambang Edi
Published: April 2022

One part that cannot be separated from efforts to improve learning outcomes is improvement in the form of innovative learning media. By using learning media in the teaching and learning process can help teachers to clarify the presentation of material so that it is verbal and provide stimulation and arouse student learning interest. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using instructional media on student learning outcomes using the Power Director video on the material of the name of the capital city and currency of ASEAN class VI at UPT SDN 317 Gresik. This study uses the True-Experimental Design method using the PretestPosttest Control Group Design. Data collection was carried out in two meetings. Two classes were obtained as research samples by dividing class VI students into two classes, namely VI A as the control class and VI B as the experimental class. To determine the effect of using Power Director video media, students were given PreTest and Post-Test. Pre-test is given to students before being given treatment at the beginning of learning while post-test is given after receiving treatment at the end of learning. From the results of hypothesis testing it is also stated that Ha is accepted with the provisions of 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡(3,042) > 𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 (2,262), Thus it can be concluded that Media Video Power Director has an effect on student learning outcomes in social studies class VI at UPT SDN 317 Gresik.
The Influence of Parental Tutoring on The Second Grade Students Thematic Learning Outcomes
Authors: Muzakki Ahmad , Rahma Pratiwi Emy Yunita
Published: April 2022

This review plans to decide the effect of nurturing on topical learning results for Class II SDN Karangtengah 4 Kediri in the scholarly year 2020/2021. Research directed by the scientist is quantitative exploration involving delineations in information handling. The outlines utilized in this review are second grade understudies, an aggregate of 14 understudies. Information assortment strategies, for example, survey, perception and documentation were utilized in this review. The motivation behind the polls is to recognize understudy information on parent direction and documentation, topical learning results, a concise history of the school foundation, the school's vision and mission, school conditions, and so forth ought to give information on The aftereffects of this review form whether parent training affects understudies' topical review results II. Class SDN Karangtengah 4. This is demonstrated when Xcount is the worth of 22 from the aftereffects of speculation testing utilizing the Chi-square equation. The 273 is a huge 5% bigger than the Xtable at a cost of 7 815. Along these lines, in this exploration, the elective theory (Ha) and He are dismissed with an extremely amazing level of impact. From the computation of the coefficient of assurance, the impact of parental direction, understudies' II. It has an impact of 74.99% on the impact of topical learning results. Class at SDN Karangtengah 4.
Effect of Learning Based on The Environment to The Learning Outcomes of First-Grade Students
Authors: Muizah Anik , Nuruddin Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Education that uses conventional methods or has not used multi-strategy learning, makes education difficult and not easy for students to understand. The learning objectives have not been achieved according to the curriculum provisions. Environment-based education is one of the learning methods that activates student activities and encourages the spirit of learning. Helping teachers in the learning process and achieving learning objectives according to curriculum provisions. The purpose of this study was to identify the value of first grade students' learning outcomes before and after being given environmental-based learning. As well as how much influence learning based on the surrounding environment has on the learning outcomes of class I students with a sample of 15 students. This research method used is a type of quantitative approach, the technique of collecting information using a written test and questionnaire responses from students. Information analysis in this study used the normality test and hypothesis testing using the SPSS type 16 pc program. 0. The results of the study with environment-based learning showed that there was a comparison of the pretest score of 70.06 and the posttest of 92. 8. It was known that the sign value (2-tailed) of 0.000<0.05. Thus, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence on the topic of plants around me with the use of environment-based learning on the learning outcomes of first graders at SD Islam Sabilillah Cukir.
The Effect of The Use of Audio Visual Animation Media on The Learning Outcomes of Class V Students in Building Room Materials in Sdit Darul Falah
Authors: Aminah Siti , Edi Siswanto M. Bambang
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of using audio-visual animation media on the learning outcomes of fifth grade students in building materials at SDIT Darul Falah. The results of this study are expected to contribute ideas that can be used as a source of information to increase knowledge insight, and be used as input and consideration for institutions involved in learning mathematics. The type of research used is Quasi Experiment. The research subjects were the fifth grade students of SDIT Darul Falah for the 2021 Academic Year, which were divided into an experimental class and a control class. Data collection techniques using tests. The research was conducted in the even semester of April of the 2021 academic year. Before the research, the researcher validated the questions, lesson plans and learning media that would be tested first. The results of the pretest and posttest tests carried out obtained an average pretest result of 49.5 and an average posttest of 70.25 in the control class, and an average pretest result of 50 and an average posttest of 80.25 in the experimental class. After the ttest on the pretest and posttest in the control class got the results tcount > ttable or 3.67 > 2.093, Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted so it could be concluded that there was a positive effect on the control class. The results of the t-test in the experimental class are tcount > ttable or 3.73 > 2.093 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, so it can be concluded that there is a positive influence on learning mathematics using audio-visual animation media. When compared to the t-test in the experimental class and control class, which is (3.73) >(3.67) it can be seen that there is a difference between the experimental class using audio-visual animation learning media and the control class using conventional learning, and the effect of using media audio-visual animation learning is greater than conventional learning.
The Ideal Construction of MI/SD Curriculum Designs: Interpretation and Implementation
Authors: Tri Wibowo
Published: April 2022

This research aims to describe and elaborate in depth the ideal construction of curriculum designs that can be implemented at the elementary education level (MI/SD). Referring to the data obtained, the researcher found several problems related to the curriculum design applied at the elementary education level (MI/SD) such as the educators are not ready to develop the newest curriculum (curriculum of 2013), the lack of role models for curriculum design that are ideal according to the needs of the students and the demands of society, and also the rapid and hasty changes in curriculum design driven by the government (Kemdikbud) without paying attention to the capacity of the educational institutions to accept the latest curriculum. The research method used is qualitative research design categorized as a literature study. The data collection technique is a documentation method and content data analysis. This research contributes to produce the conceptions and praxis related to the ideal construction of the curriculum design at the level of elementary education (MI/SD) in the form of a process of implementation of the ideal curriculum design that consists of determining substantive learning objectives, identifying domains of learning objectives, identify the learning styles of the students participant, determining relevant curriculum designs, tentatively preparing curriculum designs, and identifying requirements for curriculum implementation.
Special Issue “Hybrid Rocket (Volume II)”
Authors: Shimada Toru , Carmicino Carmine , Karabeyoglu Arif
Published: April 2022

Over the past 40 years, the loss rate for commercial passenger aircrafts has decreased down to about one in ten million, whereas the loss rate for spaceflight has remained high, in the 1% range [...]
Does Cognition of Resources and the Environment Affect Farmers’ Production Efficiency? Study of Oasis Agriculture in China
Authors: Guo Aijun , Wei Xiaoyun , Zhong Fanglei , Wang Penglong , Song Xiaoyu
Published: April 2022

Improving production efficiency can help overcome the constraints of resource scarcity and fragile environments in oasis agriculture. However, there are few studies about the effect of farmers’ cognition of resources and the environment on their production efficiency. Taking farmers in the Ganzhou District of Zhangye—a typical representative of oasis agriculture in an inland river basin in Northwest China—this study empirically analyzed the effect of farmers’ cognition of resources and the environment on agricultural production efficiency. The average agricultural productivity of the surveyed farmers is 0.64, which is much lower than the average level in China. Farmers’ cognition of resources and the environment is related to green production willingness and behavior. Green production willingness, green production behavior between cognition of resources and the environment, and agricultural production efficiency play a chain mediating role, showing that farmers’ cognition of resources and the environment indirectly affects production efficiency. Green planting willingness is formed based on cognition of resources and the environment; when farmers translate willingness into behavior, it will further improve agricultural production efficiency. Recommendations are made based on the findings, such as strengthening the cognition of resources and the environment, mobilizing enthusiasm for green production, and promoting the practice of green planting.
Phosphorus and Potassium Application Improves Fodder Yield and Quality of Sorghum in Aridisol under Diverse Climatic Conditions
Authors: Atique-ur-Rehman  , Qamar Rafi , Altaf Muhammad Mohsin , Alwahibi Mona S. , Al-Yahyai Rashid , Hussain Mubshar
Published: April 2022

Fodder yield and quality must be improved for sustainable livestock production. A lack of or low application of phosphorus (P) and potassium (P) are among the leading constraints of lower fodder yield and quality of sorghum [most cultivated fodder crop during kharif season (crop cultivation in summer and harvesting during winter] in Aridisol of Pakistan. Therefore, this two-year field study evaluated the role of different P and K levels on fodder yield and quality of sorghum cultivar ‘Ijar-2002’ planted in Multan and Okara districts, Punjab, Pakistan. Seven P-K (kg ha−1) levels, i.e., T1 (40–0), T2 (80–0), T3 (0–40), T4 (0–60), T5 (40–40), T6 (80–40), T7 (60–80) and an untreated T0 (control) were included in the study. Results indicated that individual effects of years, locations and P-K levels had a significant effect on fodder yield and quality. All treatments received an equal amount of nitrogen (i.e., 120 kg ha−1). Application of P-K in Aridisols at both locations significantly improved fodder yield, dry matter yield, and ether contents during both years. The T6 (80–40 kg ha−1) significantly improved yield and quality traits of sorghum fodder except for crude fiber (CF) and acid and neutral detergent fiber (ADF and NDF) at both locations during both years of study. Moreover, fodder harvested from Multan observed significantly higher CF, ADF, NDF, cellulose and hemicellulose contents than Okara. However, sorghum grown in Okara harvested more fodder yield due to more plant height and ether contents. In conclusion, planting sorghum in Aridisols, fertilized with 80–40 kg ha−1 P-K seemed a viable option to harvest more fodder yield of better quality.
Salinity in Jatropha curcas: A Review of Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Factors Involved
Authors: Pompelli Marcelo F. , Jarma-Orozco Alfredo , Rodríguez-Páez Luis Alfonso
Published: April 2022

Jatropha curcas is a woody-shrub species of the Euphorbiaceae family that is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. The great interest in its cultivation lies in the potential for achieving elevated yields of a high-quality oil. Another characteristic that makes J. curcas promising is its ability to produce green energy even in high-salinity soils. For a commercial cultivation to be considered effectively competent to withstand these conditions, it must produce enough to offset production costs. There is no doubt that J. curcas is considered promising, but numerous pilot projects for the commercial planting of J. curcas have failed worldwide, mainly due to a lack of reliable scientific knowledge about the species, its food security, and (mainly) its instability in commercial fruit production. The main goal of this review was to compile published results on tolerance/resistance or sensitivity to salt stress in J. curcas. Updating the knowledge on this theme may allow for researchers to trace strategies for future studies of stress physiology in this promising oil seed species.
A Simple, Cost-Effective, and Green HPTLC Method for the Estimation of Ascorbic Acid in Solvent and Ultrasound-Assisted Extracts of Phyllanthus emblica, Capsicum annuum, and Psidium guajava
Authors: Foudah Ahmed I. , Alam Prawez , Shakeel Faiyaz , Alam Aftab , Salkini Mohammad A. , Alshehri Sultan , Ghoneim Mohammed M. , Ross Samir A.
Published: April 2022

Greener analytical methodologies for the estimation of ascorbic acid (AA) are poorly reported in the literature. Furthermore, the green indexes of the literature’s analytical assays of AA estimation have not been assessed. As a consequence, the aim of this research is to invent and validate a simple, cost-effective, and green reverse-phase “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” method for the estimating AA in the solvent extracts (SE) and ultrasound-assisted extracts (UAE) of Phyllanthus emblica, Psidium guajava, and Capsicum annuum. The greener mobile phase for AA estimation was a binary mixture of water and ethanol (70:30, v/v). At a wavelength of 265 nm, the detection of AA was carried out. The greener HPTLC technique was linear in the 25–1200 ng/band range. In addition, the method was simple, cost-effective, accurate, precise, robust, sensitive, and green. The amount of AA was highest in the SE and UAE of P. emblica compared to the SE and UAE of P. guajava and C. annuum. The amount of AA in the SE of P. emblica, P. guajava, and C. annuum was found to be 491.16, 168.91, and 144.30 mg/100 g, respectively. However, the amount of AA in the UAE of P. emblica, P. guajava, and C. annuum was found to be 673.02, 218.71, and 199.30 mg/100 g, respectively. Using the “analytical GREEnness (AGREE)” methodology, the greenness index for the developed method was calculated to be 0.88, showing that the developed method has an excellent green profile. When it came to extracting AA, the UAE method outperformed the SE method. These findings suggested that the developed method might be used to estimate the AA in a variety of vegetable crops, plant-based extracts, and commercial formulations. Furthermore, because of the use of greener solvent systems against the commonly utilized hazardous solvent systems for AA determination, this technique is also safe and sustainable.
Effects of Plant-Derived Protein Hydrolysates on Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Grown Lettuce and Tomato
Authors: Choi Seunghyun , Colla Giuseppe , Cardarelli Mariateresa , Kim Hye-Ji
Published: April 2022

Plant-derived protein hydrolysates (PHs) are gaining global interest for their sustainability and positive effects on crops under abiotic stresses. However, the long-term effects of PHs on the yield and quality of greenhouse crops have not been described. Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Micro-Tom tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were grown with commercial growing media in 1 L pots and fertigated with four N levels (2, 5, 10, and 15 mM). PH (0 or 3 g/L) was applied as a foliar spray (PH-F) or root drench (PH-R) once every week. Compared to PH-F, PH-R effectively stimulated the yield, photosynthesis, water-use efficiency, chlorophyll contents, and antioxidant activities, and compounds regardless of N levels and species. Increasing the N level led to a total dry weight gain, and PH-R enhanced the lettuce shoot dry weight (+31%) and tomato fruit dry weight (+22%). PH-R also increased the fresh marketable yield of lettuce (+21%) and tomato (+32%). The increasing N level decreased antioxidant parameters in lettuce leaves, not in tomato fruits, whereas PH-R improved them in both species. PH-R significantly enhanced the N use and uptake efficiency. Taken together, our results suggested that the addition of PH-R effectively increased the N uptake and subsequently increased the lettuce and tomato yield and quality regardless of N levels.
Mapping Within-Field Soil Health Variations Using Apparent Electrical Conductivity, Topography, and Machine Learning
Authors: Adhikari Kabindra , Smith Douglas R. , Collins Harold , Hajda Chad , Acharya Bharat Sharma , Owens Phillip R.
Published: April 2022

High-resolution maps of soil health measurements could help farmers finetune input resources and management practices for profit maximization. Within-field soil heath variations can be mapped using local topography and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) as predictors. To address these issues, a study was conducted in Texas Blackland Prairie soils with the following objectives: (i) to assess and map within-field soil health variations using machine learning; (ii) to evaluate the usefulness of topography and ECa as soil health predictors; and (iii) to quantify the relationship between ECa and soil health index and use ECa to estimate soil health spatial distribution. We collected 218 topsoil (0–15 cm) samples following a 35 m × 35 m grid design and analyzed for one-day CO2, organic C, organic N, and soil health index (SHI) based on the Haney Soil Health Tool. A random forest model was applied to predict and map those properties on a 5 m × 5 m grid where ECa, and terrain attributes were used as predictors. Furthermore, the empirical relationship between SHI and ECa was established and mapped across the field. Results showed that the study area was variable in terms of one-day CO2, organic C, organic N, SHI, and ECa distribution. The ECa, wetness index, multiresolution valley bottom flatness, and topographic position index were among the top predictors of soil health measurements. The model was sufficiently robust to predict one day CO2, organic C, organic N (R2 between 0.24–0.90), and SHI (R2 between 0.47–0.90). Overall, we observed a moderate to strong spatial dependency of soil health measurements which could impact within-field yield variability. The study confirmed the applicability of easy to obtain ECa as a good predictor of SHI, and the predicted maps at high resolution which could be useful in site-specific management decisions within these types of soils.
Optimal Irrigation Scheduling for Greenhouse Tomato Crop (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) in Ecuador
Authors: Colimba-Limaico Javier Ezcequiel , Zubelzu-Minguez Sergio , Rodríguez-Sinobas Leonor
Published: April 2022

Tomato crop is grown worldwide and is considered a mass consumer product. In Ecuador, tomato growers face two major issues: water scarcity and water mismanagement, which cause a reduction in the framers’ gross income and ecosystem services. This paper is aimed at finding an optimal irrigation scheduling in greenhouse tomato crop to achieve a balance among production, fruit quality and water use efficiency. Thus, two experiments were settled. In the first experiment, four water doses (80, 100, 120 and 140% ETc) and two irrigation frequencies (one and two irrigations per day) were compared. The second experiment evaluated the two best water doses of the first one (100 and 120% ETc) and four irrigation frequencies (one and two irrigations per day, one irrigation every two days, one irrigation every three days). Each experiment monitored the variables for tomato production (plant height, stem diameter, fruits per plant, yield) and tomato quality (pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity). The study concluded that water doses affected more than irrigation frequency to fruit quality and production. The dose of 100% ETc, applied in one irrigation per day, is suggested to obtain a balance between production, fruit quality and water use efficiency.
Molecular Insights into Coumarin Analogues as Antimicrobial Agents: Recent Developments in Drug Discovery
Authors: Cheke Rameshwar S. , Patel Harun M. , Patil Vaishali M. , Ansari Iqrar Ahmad , Ambhore Jaya P. , Shinde Sachin D. , Kadri Adel , Snoussi Mejdi , Adnan Mohd , Kharkar Prashant S. , Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao , Deshmukh Prashant K.
Published: April 2022

A major global health risk has been witnessed with the development of drug-resistant bacteria and multidrug-resistant pathogens linked to significant mortality. Coumarins are heterocyclic compounds belonging to the benzophenone class enriched in different plants. Coumarins and their derivatives have a wide range of biological activity, including antibacterial, anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumour, and enzyme inhibitory effects. In the past few years, attempts have been reported towards the optimization, synthesis, and evaluation of novel coumarin analogues as antimicrobial agents. Several coumarin-based antibiotic hybrids have been developed, and the majority of them were reported to exhibit potential antibacterial effects. In the present work, studies reported from 2016 to 2020 about antimicrobial coumarin analogues are the focus. The diverse biological spectrum of coumarins can be attributed to their free radical scavenging abilities. In addition to various synthetic strategies developed, some of the structural features include a heterocyclic ring with electron-withdrawing/donating groups conjugated with the coumarin nucleus. The suggested structure−activity relationship (SAR) can provide insight into how coumarin hybrids can be rationally improved against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The present work demonstrates molecular insights for coumarin derivatives having antimicrobial properties from the recent past. The detailed SAR outcomes will benefit towards leading optimization during the discovery and development of novel antimicrobial therapeutics.
Physical-Exercise-Induced Antioxidant Effects on the Brain and Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Souza Jennyffer , da Silva Rodrigo Augusto , da Luz Scheffer Débora , Penteado Rafael , Solano Alexandre , Barros Leonardo , Budde Henning , Trostchansky Andrés , Latini Alexandra
Published: April 2022

Erythroid-related nuclear factor 2 (NRF2) and the antioxidant-responsive-elements (ARE) signaling pathway are the master regulators of cell antioxidant defenses, playing a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, a scenario in which proper mitochondrial function is essential. Increasing evidence indicates that the regular practice of physical exercise increases cellular antioxidant defenses by activating NRF2 signaling. This manuscript reviewed classic and ongoing research on the beneficial effects of exercise on the antioxidant system in both the brain and skeletal muscle.
Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Analysis of Skeletal and Dental Effects in Patients Undergoing Transpalatal Distraction
Authors: Żyła Tomasz , Kawala Beata , Nowak Rafał , Kawala Maciej , Halupczok-Żyła Jowita
Published: April 2022

The present study aimed to assess dental and skeletal effects after transpalatal distraction using 3D cephalometry methodology. The study group comprised 34 patients (mean age 27.7 years) who were diagnosed with transverse skeletal maxillary deficiency of at least 7 mm. Computed tomography scans were obtained before surgical procedure (T1), after completion of expansion (T2) and at 6-month follow-up (T3). Computed tomography scans were imported into Dolphin Imaging software version 11.7 (Chatsworth, CA, USA). Three-dimensional skull models were oriented according to the Frankfurt horizontal plane, midsagittal plane (passing through the skeletal nasion) and frontal plane (passing through the right and left porion). Cephalometric landmarks related to skeletal, and dental structures were traced and linear and angular measurements were calculated. Following transpalatal distraction N-ANS and S-PNS distances increased by 1.27 mm and 0.54 mm, respectively. Skeletal expansion at the canine region (ARCR-ARCL) was 8.43 mm at T2 and 6.39 mm at T3. Expansion at the distal part of the maxilla (ARMR-ARML) was 5.95 mm at T2 and 4.81 mm after retention. The highest increase in maxillary arch width at T2 was observed at canines (8.74 mm), lower at premolars (8.33 mm) and the lowest at molars (6.76 mm). There is no anteroposterior movement of maxilla following transpalatal distraction; however, the maxilla shifts downward which is particularly marked anteriorly. Skeletal and dental expansion in the transversal plane occurs in a V-shaped manner, with more expansion at the anterior part of the maxilla.
Masonry Spiral Stairs: A Comparison between Analytical and Numerical Approaches
Authors: Olivieri Carlo , Cennamo Claudia , Cusano Concetta , Cutolo Arsenio , Fortunato Antonio , Mascolo Ida
Published: April 2022

The present paper applies the Linear Arch Static Analysis (LASA), which models the masonry material as unilateral, i.e., No-Tension material in the sense of Heyman, and the Safe Theorem of the Limit Analysis to the study of masonry spiral stairs. A comparison is made with a refined FE analysis of the same problem, obtained by means of the ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). The objective is to prove that LASA can be a valid alternative to other more complex numerical methods, such as FE, especially when the modeling parameters, such as the boundary conditions, cannot be exactly defined. The case study of a small spiral staircase placed in the tower of Nisida, a small island close to Naples, Italy is taken into consideration. The results show that the LASA analysis provides results that fall within two limit FE cases in terms of stress and overall thrust, providing at the same time a meaningful insight into the equilibrium state of the structure.
3D Virtual Modeling for Morphological Characterization of Pituitary Tumors: Preliminary Results on Its Predictive Role in Tumor Resection Rate
Authors: Cercenelli Laura , Zoli Matteo , Bortolani Barbara , Curti Nico , Gori Davide , Rustici Arianna , Mazzatenta Diego , Marcelli Emanuela
Published: April 2022

Among potential factors affecting the surgical resection in pituitary tumors, the role of tumor three-dimensional (3D) features is still unexplored. The aim of this study is to introduce the use of 3D virtual modeling for geometrical and morphological characterization of pituitary tumors and to evaluate its role as a predictor of total tumor removal. A total of 75 patients operated for a pituitary tumor have been retrospectively reviewed. Starting from patient imaging, a 3D tumor model was reconstructed, and 3D characterization based on tumor volume (Vol), area, sphericity (Spher), and convexity (Conv) was provided. The extent of tumor removal was then evaluated at post-operative imaging. Mean values were obtained for Vol (9117 ± 8423 mm3), area (2352 ± 1571 mm2), Spher (0.86 ± 0.08), and Conv (0.88 ± 0.08). Total tumor removal was achieved in 57 (75%) cases. The standard prognostic Knosp grade, Vol, and Conv were found to be independent factors, significantly predicting the extent of tumor removal. Total tumor resection correlated with lower Knosp grades (p = 0.032) and smaller Vol (p = 0.015). Conversely, tumors with a more irregular shape (low Conv) have an increased chance of incomplete tumor removal (p = 0.022). 3D geometrical and morphological features represent significant independent prognostic factors for pituitary tumor resection, and they should be considered in pre-operative planning to allow a more accurate decision-making process.
Experimental Characterization of the Engineering Properties of Landfill Compost-Biocover
Authors: Bajwa Tariq M. , Fall Mamadou , Alshawmar Fahad
Published: April 2022

A landfill biocover system optimizes environmental conditions for biotic methane (CH4) consumption that controls the fugitive and residual emissions from landfills. Research shows that wasted compost material has more (CH4) oxidation potential than other materials. Thus, in this study, the authors investigate the engineering properties of compacted compost to test its suitability for CH4 oxidation capacity. Different laboratory and analytical approaches are employed to attain the set objectives. The biochemical tests show that the studied material indicates the presence of methanotrophs with sufficient organic contents. The compacted compost also shows adequate diffusivity potential to free air space for a wide range of water content. The data also imply that compacting compost to low hydraulic conductivity can be accomplished for a wide range of water content, according to the suggested values for a landfill hydraulic barrier. Furthermore, the low thermal properties of compost as compared to other mineral materials seem more beneficial, as specifically, during the winter season, when the atmospheric temperature is low, low thermal conductivity enables it to sustain a stable temperature for the activities of the microbial organisms, which therefore extends the CH4 oxidation process right through a long period in the winter.
Plasmon-Enhanced Hot-Electron Photodetector Based on Au/GaN-Nanopillar Arrays for Short-Wave-Infrared Detection
Authors: Tang Xiaobing , Hao Zhibiao , Wang Lai , Yu Jiadong , Wang Xun , Luo Yi , Sun Changzheng , Han Yanjun , Xiong Bing , Wang Jian , Li Hongtao
Published: April 2022

The complex device structure and costly preparation process have hindered the development and application of the GaN-based ultraviolet and infrared (UV–IR) dual-color photodetector. In this work, we designed and prepared an Au/GaN-nanopillar-based hot-electron photodetector that can operate in the short-wave infrared range, well below the GaN bandgap energy. A suitable Schottky barrier height was developed for a higher photo-to-dark current ratio by post-etching annealing. The surface plasmons generated by Au/GaN-nanopillar arrays could effectively improve the light absorption efficiency. As a result, compared with the planar device, the responsivity of the Au/GaN-nanopillar device could be enhanced by about two orders of magnitude. With the advantages of a simple structure and easy preparation, the proposed devices are promising candidates for application in UV–IR dual-color photodetection.