bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alpine tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Corsica basement
Authors: Rossetti Federico , Cavazza William , Di Vincenzo Gianfranco , Lucci Federico , Theye Thomas
Published: October 2022

The Alpine orogenic edifice of Corsica (northern Tyrrhenian Sea) offers the possibility to investigate the mode through which continental crust responds to the propagation of regional shortening at convergent plate margins. The geology of Corsica has been traditionally described as separating domains affected by the Alpine tectonism (Alpine Corsica) from those that did not experience the Alpine tectono‐metamorphic overprint (Hercynian Corsica), but recent studies show that most of Hercynian Corsica was thermally reset in post‐Eocene times, questioning this paradigm. The continental units formed at the expenses of the stretched continental margin of the European plate and consist of Hercynian granitoid basement rocks and cover sequences (Permian volcaniclastics and Mesozoic sedimentary successions). By integrating meso‐ and microstructural investigations with metamorphic thermobarometry and 40Ar–39Ar geochronology along three E–W trending structural transects running across the basement section exposed below the Alpine orogenic wedge, we document middle‐late Eocene (c. 50–33 Ma) westward‐verging syn‐metamorphic (low‐grade blueschist facies) thick‐skinned, basement‐involved thrusting. Significantly, crustal shortening in the continental basement predated of c. 15–10 Ma the subduction zone metamorphism in the oceanic‐derived Schistes Lustrés Complex. When the P–T–t–deformation history as reconstructed from the Corsica basement is integrated with the regional scenario of the Alpine–Apennine orogeny, a tectonic reconstruction is proposed, which frames the Alpine orogeny in Corsica within the Apennine–Maghrebian subduction system in the retroside (retrowedge) of the Apennine orogenic wedge.
Mincy mesosiderite metallic nodules analyzed byEBSD: An approach to understanding their thermal history
Authors: García Laura Noel , Varela María Eugenia , Hwang Shyh‐Lung , Shen Pouyan , Bolmaro Raúl , Ávalos Martina
Published: October 2022

Meteorites carry information about the most common processes that have been active in the early solar system. In particular, mesosiderites are meteorites with a structure considered to be composed of equal parts of iron–nickel metal and silicates. A natural delimitation in the study of such complex systems is the discrimination of the iron–nickel metallic and silicate domains. In this work, we focus on the metallic phases of the Mincy mesosiderite, a specimen available at the Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierray y del Espacio repository. In Mincy, the metallic phases are iron–nickel–carbon alloys that are distributed forming metallic lumps or pebbles (referred to as metallic nodules in the article) in which kamacite and taenite are present, and taenite is found both at the kamacite/silicate interface and surrounded by kamacite, that is, isolated from the silicates. We made use of the electron backscattered diffraction technique to determine the crystallographic orientation relationships along the taenite/kamacite boundaries as well as for characterizing the (hkl)‐specific grain boundaries regarding the underlying tilt, twist, or twinning mechanism to assist the interpretation of the phase transformations and mechanisms that could explain the formation of these metallic nodules. From the results, each of the metallic nodules has a unique temperature–pressure history and kinetics to undergo phase transformations (mainly partial melting, heterogeneous nucleation‐controlled solidification, and possible evaporation–condensation) as well as liquid‐phase sintering and recrystallization in its own way.
Fracture Line Morphology of Greater Tuberosity Fragments of Neer Three‐ and Four‐Part Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Ju Jiabao , Ma Mingtai , Zhang Yichong , Ding Zhentao , Fu Zhongguo , Chen Jianhai
Published: October 2022

Objective

In complicated Neer three‐ and four‐part proximal humerus fracture (PHF), greater tuberosity (GT) fragments are often comminuted, and the currently widely used locking plate may not fix GT fragments effectively. A further understanding of morphological characteristics of the GT fragments may help explore new fixation devices. This study aimed to determine the fracture line morphology of the GT fragment of Neer three‐ or four‐part PHF and analyze the location relationship between the locking plate and the GT fragment.

Methods

Seventy‐one three‐dimensional computed tomography scans of Neer three‐ and four‐part PHF were retrospectively reviewed between January 2014 and June 2019. Fracture fragments were reconstructed and virtually reduced in the Mimics software, and fracture lines of GT fragments were depicted on a humerus template in the 3‐matic software and then were superimposed altogether. The common sites of the GT fracture were identified, and the location relationship between the locking plate and GT fragments was analyzed in a computer‐simulated scenario.

Results

The fracture line morphology of GT fragments was similar between Neer three‐ and four‐part PHF. The overall morphology of GT fragments was in a fan shape, which could be summarized as anterior, superior, posterior, and middle lines. Of these, we identified 51 split and 29 avulsion type GT fragments based on the Mutch classification, and they could occur simultaneously in a PHF. The overall morphology of split type fragments was in a fan shape, and avulsion type fragments showed a quite distinguishable distribution pattern. A GT fragment could be classified as anterior‐split, posterior‐split, complete‐split, anterior ‐avulsion, and posterior‐avulsion type based on its morphology and location. The median percentage of fragment area covered by the plate was 32.3% in all of the fragments, and it was 69.4%, 23.0%, 37.2%, 21.8%, 0.0% in anterior‐split, posterior‐split, complete‐split, anterior‐avulsion, and posterior‐avulsion type GT fragments. We defined the posterior‐split, anterior‐avulsion, and posterior‐avulsion type GT fragments as the risky GT fragments, and they occurred in 43 (60.6%) Neer three‐ and four‐part PHFs.

Conclusion

The fracture line morphology of GT fragments of Neer three‐ and four‐part PHF was in a fan shape. GT fragments could be classified based on their location and morphology. The extent of GT fragment coverage provided by the locking plate differed in various fragment types, and we identified the anterior‐avulsion, posterior‐avulsion, and posterior‐split type fragments as the risky GT fragments with a high incidence rate in Neer three‐ and four‐part PHFs.
Second‐degree burn induced by high‐concentration topical capsaicin with mobility sequelae: A case report
Authors: Trin Kilian , Perino Justine , Allouchery Marion , Géniaux Hélène , Miremont Ghada , Salvo Francesco
Published: October 2022

High‐concentration topical capsaicin is used as a second‐line treatment for neuropathic pain. Transient, mild burning sensation and erythema are expected adverse drug reactions. Here, we report the first case of second degree burn after the application of a high‐concentration topical capsaicin patch with secondary mobility sequelae. Nine months after the application, neuropathic pain still remained and the patient described mobility difficulties in daily activities, preventing her from returning to work. This report aims to raise the question of the benefit/risk ratio of high concentration topical capsaicin.
Regulatory overlap: A systematic quantitative literature review
Authors: Robb Lachlan , Candy Trent , Deane Felicity
Published: October 2022

Regulatory failure caused by overlapping regulations is ubiquitous, with examples in all jurisdictions across a range of disciplines. Overlapping regulation can be problematic. It obscures policy objectives and hinders the development of effective and clear regulation. In addition, regulatory overlap can inflict real costs on businesses through repetitive inspections and data collection efforts. It is particularly burdensome when agencies issue conflicting rules with inconsistent standards. Recognizing that regulatory overlap exists and is a problem provides the context to this program of research. Our research project was an exploration using a systematic quantitative literature review (SQLR) method to better understand the way regulatory failure, caused by overlapping regulations, has featured in academic literature. The SQLR method was chosen as it employs a systematic process to consolidate a sample of literature, and quantitative measures to draw connections between different academic sources. Ultimately, our research concluded that the literature does not provide clear prescriptive principles for reducing unnecessary regulatory overlap. This begs a question as to whether more research is needed in this area, or alternatively whether the complexities raised by regulatory overlap are not reducible to general principles.
Sample Design for Analysis using High-Influence Probability Sampling
Authors: Clark Robert G. , Steel David G.
Published: October 2022

Sample designs are typically developed to estimate summary statistics such as means, proportions and prevalences. Analytical outputs may also be a priority but there are fewer methods and results on how to efficiently design samples for the fitting and estimation of statistical models. This paper develops a general approach for determining efficient sampling designs for probability-weighted maximum likelihood estimators and considers application to generalized linear models. We allow for non-ignorable sampling, including outcome-dependent sampling. The new designs have probabilities of selection closely related to influence statistics such as dfbeta and Cook's distance. The new approach is shown to perform well in a simulation based on data from the New Zealand Health Survey.
Foreign acquisition and firm performance in sub‐Saharan Africa: Empirical evidence from Ghana
Authors: Wabiga Paul , Rankin Neil
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we examine the effect of foreign acquisition on numerous performance outcomes of hitherto indigenously owned firms. We use a 12‐year (1991–2002) panel data set of manufacturing firms in Ghana. Taking merit of the availability of feasible preacquisition covariates, we utilise both regression and matching methods with difference‐in‐differences techniques to handle possible endogeneity due to selection bias of the acquisition decision and inherent firm‐level heterogeneity. Our findings confirm that indeed foreign investors tend to target (cherry‐pick) high‐performing indigenous firms. Additionally, findings from regression analysis reveal positive and significant acquisition effects on average wages, productivity and output. We do not find statistically significant acquisition effects on employment and skill intensity. Robustness check on results using matching and difference‐in‐differences estimation generally confirms these results with negligible differences. A key recommendation arising from study findings is that developing economies especially in sub‐Saharan Africa should strengthen policies that aim to attract more inward foreign investments.
Detection of the HLA‐DQB1*03:151 allele in a Taiwanese umbilical cord blood unit
Authors: Yang Kuo‐Liang , Lin Py‐Yu
Published: October 2022

One nucleotide substitution in codon 25 of HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01:01 results in a novel allele HLA‐DQB1*03:151.
Identification of an acetyl‐CoA carboxylase‐resistant johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense L.) population from a cotton field in northern Greece
Authors: Papapanagiotou Aristeidis P. , Loukovitis Dimitrios , Damalas Christos A. , Eleftherohorinos Ilias G.
Published: October 2022

A putative resistant johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense L.) population from a cotton field in northern Greece was studied to determine the levels of resistance to acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides and elucidate related mechanisms of resistance. The johnsongrass population showed cross‐resistance to the ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides fluazifop‐p‐butyl, quizalofop‐p‐ethyl, and propaquizafop, with poor levels of control even with four times of the recommended rates of these herbicides. However, the johnsongrass population was highly sensitive (100% control) to the ACCase inhibitors cycloxydim and clethodim and to the acetolactate synthase inhibitor nicosulfuron. Amplification and sequencing of the ACCase gene fragment from johnsongrass plants revealed an Ile to Asn substitution at codon 2041 of the ACCase enzyme. This is the first record of a molecularly confirmed ACCase‐resistant johnsongrass population from cotton fields in Europe. These findings highlight a threat against the sustainable use of ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides in controlling johnsongrass and other grasses in cotton fields.
Association Between Physical Activity Indicators and Human Development Index at a National Level: Information From Global Matrix 4.0 Physical Activity Report Cards for Children and Adolescents
Authors: Silva Diego Augusto Santos , Aubert Salomé , Ng Kwok , Morrison Shawnda A. , Cagas Jonathan Y. , Tesler Riki , Tladi Dawn , Manyanga Taru , González Silvia A. , Lee Eun-Young , Tremblay Mark S.
Published: October 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the associations between the 10 key indicators of the Global Matrix 4.0 project and human development index (HDI) at a national level according to sex, age, area of residence, and ability levels. Methods: Information from the 57 countries/localities included in the Global Matrix 4.0 project was compiled and presented according to the HDI of each country/locality for each of the 10 key indicators. Grades were assigned based on the benchmarks of the Global Matrix 4.0 project ranged between “A+” (best performance) and “F” (worst performance). Results: The population subgroups of females, children, rural residents, with/without disabilities from countries/localities with higher HDI performed better in the organized sport and physical activity indicator than their peers from countries/localities with lower HDI. Children and adolescents living in rural areas of countries/localities with higher HDI showed better performance for active play, and children and adolescents living in urban areas of countries/localities with lower HDI showed better performance for the active transportation. Countries/localities with higher HDI showed better grades for sources of influence than the countries/localities with lower HDI. Conclusions: Physical activity patterns in some population subgroups of children and adolescents differed according to the development level of countries/localities.
Economic Freedom, Climate Culpability, and Physical Activity Indicators Among Children and Adolescents: Report Card Grades From the Global Matrix 4.0
Authors: Lee Eun-Young , Abi Nader Patrick , Aubert Salomé , González Silvia A. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Khan Asaduzzaman , Huang Wendy Y. , Manyanga Taru , Morrison Shawnda , Silva Diego Augusto Santos , Tremblay Mark S.
Published: October 2022

Background: Macrolevel factors such as economic and climate factors can be associated with physical activity indicators. This study explored patterns and relationships between economic freedom, climate culpability, and Report Card grades on physical activity-related indicators among 57 countries/jurisdictions participating in the Global Matrix 4.0. Methods: Participating countries/jurisdictions provided Report Card grades on 10 common indicators. Information on economic freedom and climatic factors were gathered from public data sources. Correlations between the key variables were provided by income groups (ie, low- and middle-income countries/jurisdictions and high-income countries/jurisdictions [HIC]). Results: HIC were more economically neoliberal and more responsible for climate change than low- and middle-income countries. Annual temperature and precipitation were negatively correlated with behavioral/individual indicators in low- and middle-income countries but not in HIC. In HIC, correlations between climate culpability and behavioral/individual and economic indicators were more apparent. Overall, poorer grades were observed in highly culpable countries/jurisdictions in the highly free group, while in less/moderately free groups, less culpable countries/jurisdictions showed poorer grades than their counterparts in their respective group by economic freedom. Conclusions: Global-level physical activity promotion strategies should closely evaluate different areas that need interventions tailored by income groups, with careful considerations for inequities in the global political economy and climate change.
Supplemental Material: Silicification of trilobites and biofilm from the Cambrian Weeks Formation, Utah: Evidence for microbial mediation of silicification
Authors: Melim Leslie A. , al. et
Published: October 2022

Methods and an additional figure. 
Rheoreaction in Danio rerio (Cyprinidae): Influence of Flow Velocity and Availability of Still Water Zones
Authors: Pavlov D. S. , Parshina V. Yu. , Kostin V. V.
Published: October 2022

The results of an experimental study of the influence of the flow velocity on the rheoreaction indices of Danio rerio, rheopreferendum and the ratio of the frequencies of various types of rheoreaction, are presented. At a crucial for fish flow velocity of 0.30, their rheopreferendum is positive, while at 0.80, negative. The ratio of rheoreaction types at these velocity levels was typical for resident fish. At a crucial flow velocity of 0.45, the rheopreferendum was not expressed, and the fish behavior was typical for upstream-migrating individuals. A decrease in the accessibility of the limnozone (limitation of the zone’s entrance width) in the circular tank reduces the number of fish returning to it and changes the ratio of their rheoreaction types. At the maximum width of the entrance (19 cm), the ratio of zebrafish rheoreaction types reflects the behavior characteristic of migrating individuals, while for all other variants (10, 3, and 1 cm) it is typical for resident forms. It is shown that the rheopreferendum is a less complete and reliable assessment of rheoreaction than the ratio of rheoreaction types. The applicability of rheoreaction indicators is considered.
Vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopaenia with widespread abdominal venous thrombosis, venous ischaemia and bowel oedema
Authors: Parveen Fabiha , Mujahid Khalid , Yusuff Shafiq
Published: October 2022

A 49-year-old woman presented with severe abdominal pain and per rectal bleed, 13 days after receiving the first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. Blood tests showed remarkably low platelet count, unmeasurable D-dimer levels and low fibrinogen levels, consistent with a diagnosis of vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopaenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. CT mesenteric angiogram revealed massive portosplenic mesenteric vein thrombosis. CT head also noted non-occlusive thrombosis at several sites. She was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins, plasma exchange, anticoagulants and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure. Following a prolonged inpatient stay, she was discharged with subsequent short bowel syndrome and long-term parenteral nutrition. This particular clinical scenario aims to highlight the importance for clinicians to remain vigilant for rare complications associated with the AstraZeneca vaccine and the subsequent management involved, at a time where it is vital to vaccinate globally in order to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Partnering with organisations beyond academia through strategic collaboration for research and mobilisation in immigrant/ethnic-minority communities
Authors: Turin Tanvir Chowdhury , Chowdhury Nashit , Rumana Nahid , Lasker Mohammad A A , Qasqas Mahdi
Published: October 2022

Community-engaged research needs involving community organisations as partners in research. Often, however, considerations regarding developing a meaningful partnership with community organisations are not highlighted. Researchers need to identify the most appropriate organisation with which to engage and their capacity to be involved. Researchers tend to involve organisations based on their connection to potential participants, which relationship often ends after achieving this objective. Further, the partner organisation may not have the capacity to contribute meaningfully to the research process. As such, it is the researchers’ responsibility to build capacity within their partner organisations to encourage more sustainable and meaningful community-engaged research. Organisations pertinent to immigrant/ethnic-minority communities fall into three sectors: public, private and non-profit. While public and private sectors play an important role in addressing issues among immigrant/ethnic-minority communities, their contribution as research partners may be limited. Involving the non-profit sector, which tends to be more accessible and utilitarian and includes both grassroots associations (GAs) and immigrant service providing organisations (ISPOs), is more likely to result in mutually beneficial research partnerships and enhanced community engagement. GAs tend to be deeply rooted within, and thus are often truly representative of, the community. As they may not fully understand their importance from a researcher’s perspective, nor have time for research, capacity-building activities are required to address these limitations. Additionally, ISPOs may have a different understanding of research and research priorities. Understanding the difference in perspectives and needs of these organisations, building trust and creating capacity building opportunities are important steps for researchers to consider towards building durable partnerships.
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in patients with end-stage renal disease: Prevalence, risk factors, and mortality
Authors: Toth Eszter , Waller Jennifer L , Bollag Wendy B , Siddiqui Budder , Mohammed Azeem , Kheda Mufaddal , Padala Sandeep , Young Lufei , Baer Stephanie L , Tran Sarah
Published: October 2022

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease has increased in prevalence in the USA, however, little is known on NTM in the population with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Thus, we investigated patients with ESRD to determine risk factors for NTM disease and mortality. We queried the United States Renal Data System from 2005 to 2015 using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9/ICD-10 codes to identify NTM and risk factors. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of risk factors with NTM and Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to assess the association of NTM with mortality. Of 1,068,634 included subjects, 3232 (0.3%) individuals were identified with any NTM diagnosis. Hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis (OR=0.10, 95% CI=0.08 to 0.13) was protective for NTM, whereas black (OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.18 to 1.37) or other race compared with white race (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.21 to 1.59) increased the risk of NTM. HIV (OR=15.71, 95% CI=14.24 to 17.33), history of any transplant (OR=4.25, 95% CI=3.93 to 4.60), kidney transplant (OR=3.00, 95% CI=2.75 to 3.27), diabetes (OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.23 to 1.43), rheumatologic disease (OR=1.92, 95% CI=1.77 to 2.08), and liver disease (OR=2.09, 95% CI=1.91 to 2.30) were associated with increased risk for NTM diagnosis. In multivariable analysis, there was a significant increase in mortality with any NTM diagnosis (HR=1.83, 95% CI=1.76 to 1.91, p≤0.0001). Controlling for relevant demographic and clinical risk factors, there was an increased risk of mortality associated with any diagnosis of NTM. Early diagnosis and treatment of NTM infection may improve survival in patients with ESRD.
Distributive invariant centrally essential rings
Authors: Tuganbaev Askar
Published: October 2022

In recent years, centrally essential rings have been intensively studied in ring theory. In particular, they find applications in homological algebra, group rings, and the structural theory of rings. The class of essentially central rings strongly extends the class of commutative rings. For such rings, a number of recent papers contain positive answers to some important questions from ring theory that previously had positive answers for commutative rings and negative answers in the general case. This work is devoted to a similar topic. A familiar description of right Noetherian, right distributive centrally essential rings is generalized on a larger class of rings. Let A be a ring with prime radical P(A). It is proved that A is a right distributive, right invariant centrally essential ring and P(A) is a finitely generated right ideal such that the factor-ring [Formula: see text] does non contain an infinite direct sum of nonzero ideals if and only if [Formula: see text], where every ring [Formula: see text] is either a commutative Prüfer domain or an Artinian uniserial ring. The studies of Tuganbaev are supported by Russian scientific foundation project 22-11-00052.
Influencing Factors Analysis and Prediction Model Development of Stroke: The Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Wu Juhua , Zhang Qide , Tao Lei , Lu Xiaoyun
Published: October 2022

Prediction is an important way to analyse stroke risk management. This study explored the critical influencing factors of stroke, used the classical multilayer perception (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) machine learning (ML) algorithms to develop the model for stroke prediction. The two models were trained with Bagging and Boosting ensemble learning algorithms. The performances of the prediction models were also compared with other classical ML algorithms. The result showed that (1) total cholesterol (TC) and other nine factors were selected as principal factors for the stroke prediction; (2) the MLP model outperformed RBF model in terms of accuracy, generalization and inter-rater reliability; (3) ensemble algorithm was superior to single algorithms for high-dimension dataset in this study. It may come to the conclusion that this study improved the stroke prediction methods and contributed much to the prevention of stroke.
Non-delay limit in the energy space from the nonlinear damped wave equation to the nonlinear heat equation
Authors: Inui Takahisa , Machihara Shuji
Published: October 2022

We consider a singular limit problem from the damped wave equation with a power type nonlinearity (NLDW) to the corresponding heat equation (NLH). We call our singular limit problem non-delay limit. We show that the solution of NLDW goes to the one of NLH in [Formula: see text] topology under the both [Formula: see text] regularity solutions. We also obtain the positive convergence rate in the weaker topology [Formula: see text]. Moreover, with restriction of the range of power, if the solution to NLH is global and decays to zero, then we get the global-in-time uniform convergence of the non-delay limit.
Global piecewise classical solutions to quasilinear hyperbolic systems on a tree-like network
Authors: Wang Libin , Wang Ke
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we discuss the existence, uniqueness and asymptotic stability of global piecewise [Formula: see text] solution to the mixed initial-boundary value problem for 1-D quasilinear hyperbolic systems on a tree-like network. Under the assumption of boundary dissipation, when the given boundary and interface functions possess suitably small [Formula: see text] norm, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of global piecewise [Formula: see text] solution. Moreover, when they further possess a polynomial or exponential decaying property with respect to [Formula: see text], then the corresponding global piecewise [Formula: see text] solution possesses the same or similar decaying property. These results will be used to show the asymptotic stability of the exact boundary controllability of nodal profile on a tree-like network.
The Sukil River valley: a natural geological laboratory (case studies from the Ukrainian Carpathians)
Authors: Bubniak Ihor M. , Bubniak Andrij M. , Vikhot Yuriy M. , Kril Solomiia Ya. , Oliinyk Maria A. , Bihun Mykola V.
Published: October 2022

In this chapter we present a brief geological description of the Sukil River valley, which is located in the Ivano-Frankivsk region in the western part of Ukraine, and the interesting geological features found there. Here, different types of rocks are exposed over a small area. The area is rich in various structural features such as joints, small faults, and different types of folds, duplexes and clastic dykes. Two outcrops of folds found in the Cretaceous deposits in the village of Bukivets are unique geosites. In addition, in the city of Bolekhiv, there are the ruins of a saltery.

We describe the types of research conducted in this natural laboratory, most of which concerns structural geology. Geological phenomena are studied using both classical approaches and the latest technologies. Electronic compasses were used widely in the study of mesostructures.

For the first time, balanced geological sections have been constructed for the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians both for outcrops and for the entire Sukil River valley. Ground-based laser scanning was used for the detailed mapping of folds in Bukivets. Subsequently, the exposure was studied using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, which was used to construct virtual geological outcrops that can be used widely for educational purposes. The urgency for creating virtual tours became apparent during the COVID pandemic. These models were also used to create the ‘Geo-Carpathians’ project, a Polish–Ukrainian geotourism route through the Carpathian Mountains.

These models can be also used to assist in the teaching of the structural geology of the Carpathians, in the geological training of Earth Sciences students, in excursions for different types of Ukrainian and international conferences, for high-school students, and, indeed, for anyone interested in geology.
The Ordovician System of South Africa: a review
Authors: Penn-Clarke C. R. , Browning C. , Harper D. A. T.
Published: October 2022

Outcrops of the Ordovician System in South Africa are extensive; they cover significant portions of the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape provinces as part of the Cape Fold Belt as well as the KwaZulu-Natal Province as supracrustal cover overlying the Natal sector of the Paleoproterozoic Namaqua-Natal metamorphic province. Within the Cape Fold Belt, Ordovician rocks of the Table Mountain Group (Piekenierskloof, Graafwater, Peninsula, Pakhuis and Cedarberg formations as well as the enigmatic Sardinia Bay Formation) outcrop extensively whilst pre-Cape rocks of the Kansa Group (Vaartwell, Uitvlug, Gezwinds Kraal and Schoongezigt formations) and Schoemanspoort Formation are present within the Kango Inlier encapsulated by the fold belt. The Natal Group (Durban and Mariannhill formations) is entirely located within KwaZulu-Natal. For the most part, these metasiliciclastic rocks are markedly unfossiliferous except for the world class fossil deposits of the Cedarberg Formation and important trace fossil sites in the Graafwater, Peninsula and Pakhuis formations. The lack of palaeontological material and other accurate geochronological proxies in these successions (as well as those of the Kansa and Natal groups and Schoemanspoort Formation) makes estimations of relative age constraints tenuous at best and difficult to correlate with global Ordovician chronostratigraphic frameworks. Regardless of the challenges faced in correlating these rocks within global frameworks, these rocks provide a unique low latitude glimpse into Earth surface processes and the feedback loops that ensued within the biological realm along the southern margin of Gondwana.
Ordovician strata of the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Myrow Paul M. , Hughes Nigel C. , Singh Birendra P.
Published: October 2022

Ordovician rocks of the Indian Tethyan Himalaya contain a conspicuous angular unconformity between mostly marine Cambrian and overlying terrestrial Ordovician strata, which is a record of the Kurgiakh Orogeny. This tectonic event is traceable across the Tethyan Himalaya from Pakistan to Bhutan. The Pin Formation in the Spiti Valley provides a high-resolution account of the marine depositional history, palaeontology and isotope geochemistry of Late Ordovician events. The middle (Takche) member is late Katian and the upper Mikkim Member is lower Silurian (Llandovery), based on an ozarkodinid conodont fauna. The Pin Formation records the Boda event, the last warming interval prior to Hirnantian glaciation. The
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13
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chemostratigraphic data allow precise global correlation, and recognition of the Paroveja positive excursion, the last major excursion of the Katian. The Mikkim Member records a ‘lower HICE’ (Hirnantian isotopic carbon excursion) of the Katian–Hirnantian boundary interval. Palaeontological data indicate that there are no known fossils diagnostic of any Ordovician ages older than the Katian Stage in India. Evidence of Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the Lesser Himalaya is intriguing, but presently equivocal. The widespread absence of pre-Katian strata on the Indian subcontinent is due to erosion associated with the Kurghiak orogeny and delayed onlap onto topographically high areas.
The Ordovician of southern South America
Authors: Waisfeld Beatriz G. , Benedetto Juan Luis , Toro Blanca A. , Voldman Gustavo G. , Rubinstein Claudia V. , Heredia Susana , Assine Mario L. , Vaccari N. Emilio , Niemeyer Hans
Published: October 2022

Early Paleozoic rocks are widespread, superbly exposed, and reach several thousand metres thick in southern South America. A largely quadripartite geotectonic subdivision of this huge area encompasses: (1) intracratonic basins forming the sedimentary cover of the Amazonian craton (Brazilian collage); (2) a clastic platform surrounding the Amazonian craton and the Pampia Terrane (Sierras Subandinas and Cordillera Oriental); (3) subduction-related parautochthonous volcanic arcs and associated volcano-sedimentary basins (Puna–Famatina arc); and (4) crustal fragments accreted to the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana (e.g. Cuyania Terrane). In this context, disparity in the geodynamic histories, preserved record and geological knowledge are remarkable. Biostratigraphical frameworks allow the recognition of global chronostratigraphical Ordovician subdivisions with fairly good resolution in the Early and Middle Ordovician of the Precordillera and the Early Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental of Argentina. In Sierras Subandinas and Cordillera Oriental of Bolivia the Ordovician statigraphy is almost complete, although these extensive regions are still poorly known. In addition, trilobite-rich assemblages from the Cordillera Oriental and brachiopod-rich ones from Precordillera and Famatina offer a remarkable template for dissecting regionally different scenarios underlying Ordovician diversifications. Overall, a more complete knowledge of this key area of Gondwana will certainly enhance our understanding of the global dynamics during the Ordovician.
Anthropology and Psychoanalysis: The Looping Effects of Persons and Social Worlds
Authors: Hollan Douglas W.
Published: October 2022

This article reviews work in anthropology over the last 30 years that has been informed by psychoanalysis, much of it drawing on contemporary schools of psychoanalytic thought that further develop or even directly challenge some of the fundamental assumptions of the original Freudian corpus. It assumes that what happens at the margins or horizons of human consciousness, as a body of work, should be closely examined and included in anthropological theorizing rather than ignored or downplayed, and it examines how such states of consciousness both affect and are affected by entanglements with the world. Focal topics of the review include work on dreams, fantasies, and imaginal thought; loss and melancholia; aspects of emotional suffering, distress, and alienation; the effects of transference and countertransference on fieldwork; the sense of being haunted by personal and social injustices; and how the contingencies of self-awareness affect the development of ethics and morality.
Muscle transcriptomic circuits linked to periarticular physiology in end-stage osteoarthritis
Authors: Drummer Devin J. , Lavin Kaleen M. , Graham Zachary A. , O’Bryan Samia M. , McAdam Jeremy S. , Lixandrão Manoel E. , Seay Regina , Aban Inmaculada , Siegel Herrick J. , Ghanem Elie , Singh Jasvinder A. , Bonfitto Anna , Antone Jerry , Reiman Rebecca , Hutchins Elizabeth , Van Keuren-Jensen Kendall , Schutzler Scott E. , Barnes C. Lowry , Ferrando Arny A. , Bridges S. Louis , Bamman Marcas M.
Published: October 2022

The ability of individuals with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) to functionally recover from total joint arthroplasty is highly inconsistent. The molecular mechanisms driving this heterogeneity have yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, OA disproportionately impacts females, suggesting a need for identifying female-specific therapeutic targets. We profiled the skeletal muscle transcriptome in females with end-stage OA ( n = 20) undergoing total knee or hip arthroplasty using RNA-Seq. Single-gene differential expression (DE) analyses tested for DE genes between skeletal muscle overlaying the surgical (SX) joint and muscle from the contralateral (CTRL) leg. Network analyses were performed using Pathway-Level Information ExtractoR (PLIER) to summarize genes into latent variables (LVs), i.e., gene circuits, and link them to biological pathways. LV differences in SX versus CTRL muscle and across sources of muscle tissue (vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, or tensor fascia latae) were determined with ANOVA. Linear models tested for associations between LVs and muscle phenotype on the SX side (inflammation, function, and integrity). DE analysis revealed 360 DE genes (|Log2fold-difference| ≥ 1, FDR ≤ 0.05) between the SX and CTRL limbs, many associated with inflammation and lipid metabolism. PLIER analyses revealed circuits associated with protein degradation and fibro-adipogenic cell gene expression. Muscle inflammation and function were linked to an LV associated with endothelial cell gene expression highlighting a potential regulatory role of endothelial cells within skeletal muscle. These findings may provide insight into potential therapeutic targets to improve OA rehabilitation before and/or following total joint replacement.
Sex Hormones in Breast Cancer Immunity
Authors: Hargrove-Wiley Ebony , Fingleton Barbara
Published: October 2022

Sex hormones, such as estrogens and androgens, regulate genomic and cellular processes that contribute to sex-specific disparities in the pathophysiology of various cancers. Sex hormones can modulate the immune signals and activities of tumor cells and tumor-associated leukocytes to support or suppress cancer progression. Therefore, hormonal differences between males and females play a crucial role in cancer immunity and in the response to therapies that exploit the intrinsic immune system to eliminate malignant cells. In this review, we summarize the impact of sex hormones in the breast cancer microenvironment, with a focus on how the hormonal environment affects tumor immunity. We also discuss the potential benefits of endocrine therapy used in combination with immunotherapy to strengthen the antitumor immune response.
Development of Combination Strategies for Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition in Diffuse Gastric Cancer
Authors: Peng Ke , Zhang Feifei , Wang Yichen , Sahgal Pranshu , Li Tianxia , Zhou Jin , Liang Xiaoyan , Zhang Yanxi , Sethi Nilay , Liu Tianshu , Zhang Haisheng , Bass Adam J.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) is an aggressive and frequently lethal subtype of gastric cancer. Because DGC often lacks genomic aberrations that indicate clear candidate therapeutic targets, it has been challenging to develop targeted therapies for this gastric cancer subtype. Our previous study highlighted the contribution of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in the tumorigenesis of DGC and the potential efficacy of small-molecule FAK inhibitors. However, drug resistance to monotherapy often hinders the efficacy of treatment.

Experimental Design:

We generated a genome-scale library of open reading frames (ORF) in the DGC model of Cdh1−/−RHOAY42C/+ organoids to identify candidate mechanisms of resistance to FAK inhibition. Compensatory activated pathways were also detected following treatment with FAK inhibitors. Candidates were investigated by cotargeting in vitro and in vivo experiments using DGC.

Results:

We found that cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) promoted FAK inhibitor resistance in ORF screen. In addition, FAK inhibitor treatment in DGC models led to compensatory MAPK pathway activation. Small-molecule CDK4/6 inhibitors or MAPK inhibitors effectively enhanced FAK inhibitor efficacy in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions:

Our data suggest that FAK inhibitors combined with MAPK inhibitors or CDK4/6 inhibitors warrant further testing in clinical trials for DGC.
Bcl-xL Is a Key Mediator of Apoptosis Following KRASG12C Inhibition in KRASG12C-mutant Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Khawaja Hajrah , Briggs Rebecca , Latimer Cheryl H. , Rassel Mustasin , Griffin Daryl , Hanson Lyndsey , Bardelli Alberto , Di Nicolantonio Frederica , McDade Simon S. , Scott Christopher J. , Lambe Shauna , Maurya Manisha , Lindner Andreas U. , Prehn Jochen H.M. , Sousa Jose , Winnington Chris , LaBonte Melissa J. , Ross Sarah , Van Schaeybroeck Sandra
Published: October 2022

Novel covalent inhibitors of KRASG12C have shown limited response rates in patients with KRASG12C-mutant (MT) colorectal cancer. Thus, novel KRASG12C inhibitor combination strategies that can achieve deep and durable responses are needed. Small-molecule KRASG12C inhibitors AZ’1569 and AZ’8037 were used. To identify novel candidate combination strategies for AZ’1569, we performed RNA sequencing, siRNA, and high-throughput drug screening. Top hits were validated in a panel of KRASG12CMT colorectal cancer cells and in vivo. AZ’1569-resistant colorectal cancer cells were generated and characterized. We found that response to AZ’1569 was heterogeneous across the KRASG12CMT models. AZ’1569 was ineffective at inducing apoptosis when used as a single agent or combined with chemotherapy or agents targeting the EGFR/KRAS/AKT axis. Using a systems biology approach, we identified the antiapoptotic BH3-family member BCL2L1/Bcl-xL as a top hit mediating resistance to AZ’1569. Further analyses identified acute increases in the proapoptotic protein BIM following AZ’1569 treatment. ABT-263 (navitoclax), a pharmacologic Bcl-2 family inhibitor that blocks the ability of Bcl-xL to bind and inhibit BIM, led to dramatic and universal apoptosis when combined with AZ’1569. Furthermore, this combination also resulted in dramatically attenuated tumor growth in KRASG12CMT xenografts. Finally, AZ’1569-resistant cells showed amplification of KRASG12C, EphA2/c-MET activation, increased proinflammatory chemokine profile and cross-resistance to several targeted agents. Importantly, KRAS amplification and AZ’1569 resistance were reversible upon drug withdrawal, arguing strongly for the use of drug holidays in the case of KRAS amplification. Taken together, combinatorial targeting of Bcl-xL and KRASG12C is highly effective, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with KRASG12CMT colorectal cancer.
Comparison of Various Pharmacologic Agents in the Management of Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm: A Network Meta-Analysis and Risk-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Eursiriwan Sudarat , Okascharoen Chusak , Vallibhakara Sakda Arj-Ong , Pattanaprateep Oraluck , Numthavaj Pawin , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Various pharmacological treatments are available for preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), but their risks and benefits are controversial. This study aimed to identify the best treatment for PDA using network meta-analysis (NMA) and risk-benefit assessment (RBA). Methods: Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. RCTs were eligible if they were studied for preterm or low birth weight infants with presymptomatic PDA and hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA). The outcomes were PDA closure for a benefit and the composite risk outcome of adverse effects (AEs) for risk. An NMA was used to estimate the treatment effects of benefit and risk. The RBA helped to incorporate the risk and benefits of multiple treatments. Then, an incremental risk-benefit ratio was calculated by dividing the incremental risk by benefit using data from NMA, and they were jointly simulated using Monte Carlo methods. Finally, net clinical benefit (NCB) probability curves were constructed at varying acceptability thresholds. Results: Seventy RCTs with hsPDA were eligible considering 13 different interventions, but data on presymptomatic PDA were not enough for pooling. The clustered ranking plot from NMA indicated that 3 interventions (i.e., high-dose oral ibuprofen, standard-dose oral acetaminophen, and standard-dose oral ibuprofen) yielded high PDA closure and low AE. These three treatments and additional commonly used indomethacin were considered in the RBA. Given an acceptable threshold of 25% or having one AE out of four PDA closures, high-dose oral ibuprofen had a 36% chance of having the highest NCB, followed by standard-dose oral acetaminophen (27%), and oral ibuprofen (23.7%). Subgroup analysis indicated that the chances of having the highest NCB of GA ≥28 weeks were similar to that of all available studies. The best for GA <28 weeks, no data for high-dose oral ibuprofen, was standard-dose oral acetaminophen, followed by standard-dose oral ibuprofen. Conclusions: Trade-off RBA indicated that high-dose oral ibuprofen might be the best treatment for preterm, GA ≥28 weeks, with hsPDA followed by the standard-dose oral acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Preferably, optimal high doses, postnatal age to start treatment, and long-term outcomes are needed to study in the future.
Clinical Significance of Plasma D-Dimer and Fibrinogen in Outcomes after Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bao QiangJi , Zhang JingNi , Wu XinTing , Zhao Kai , Guo Yu , Yang MingFei , Du XiaoFeng
Published: October 2022

Background: There is increasing evidence on the prognostic significance of D-dimer and fibrinolysis in stroke. However, the systematic analysis of their relationship with adverse outcomes after stroke is lacking. Herein, we comprehensively assessed the correlation of D-dimer and fibrinolysis with stroke outcomes through meta-analysis. Methods: Studies for systematic literature review were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. The association of D-dimer and fibrinolysis with outcomes of stroke patients was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Totally, 52 studies comprising 21,473 stroke patients were included. The results showed that the high D-dimer level was significantly associated with peripheral venous thrombosis after stroke (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05), poor outcome (MRS >2) after stroke (OR 1.731, 95% CI 1.464–2.048), death after stroke (OR 2.367, 95% CI 1.737–3.224), stroke recurrence (OR 1.229, 95% CI 1.113–1.358), and early neurologic deterioration (NIHSS >4) (OR 1.791, 95% CI 1.117–2.870). Moreover, high fibrinogen level was significantly associated with poor outcome (MRS >2) after stroke (OR 1.650, 95% CI 1.314–2.071), death after stroke (OR 1.310, 95% CI 1.128–1.520), stroke recurrence (OR 1.228, 95% CI 1.166–1.422), early neurologic deterioration (NIHSS >4) (OR 2.381, 95% CI 1.156–4.904), and coronary events after stroke (OR 1.427, 95% CI 1.232–1.653). Conclusion: Fibrinogen and D-dimer may be associated with adverse outcomes in patients with stroke, suggesting that they may serve as possible biomarkers for post-stroke adverse outcomes.