bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VALIDITAS LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) DENGAN PENDEKATAN PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK (PMR) PADA MATERI PRISMA DAN LIMAS KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 3 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Hasibuan Evilia , Muchlis Effie Efrida , Yensi Nurul Astuty
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPermasalahan pada pembelajaran matematika masih ditemukan pada bahan ajar yang digunakan. Bahan ajar yang digunakan kurang mendukung peserta didik untuk menemukan suatu konsep dalam pembelajaran matematika, pembelajaran juga masih berpusat pada guru. Bahan ajar LKPD yang digunakan memuat materi yang tidak mengaitkan dengan aktivitas di kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian validitas LKPD dengan Pendekatan Pendidikan Matematika Realistik (PMR) bertujuan untuk mengembangkan LKPD yang memenuhi kriteria valid, baik dari aspek materi, konstruksi, dan bahasa. Tahapan pengembangan menggunakan model 4D yang dibatasi sampai pada tahap ketiga, yaitu tahap pendefinisian (define), perancangan (design), dan pengembangan (develop). Instrumen pada penelitian ini adalah lembar validitas LKPD. Validasi LKPD diujicobakan kepada 4 validator yang terdiri dari 2 orang dosen pendidikan matematika Universitas Bengkulu dan 2 orang guru mata pelajaran matematika SMP. Hasil validitas LKPD  termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat valid, diperoleh dari hasil perhitungan Aiken dengan rata-rata skor 0,87. Jadi, dapat dinyatakan bahwa pengembangan LKPD dengan pendekatan PMR telah memenuhi kriteria valid.Kata kunci : Validitas, LKPD, Pendekatan PMR AbstractProblems in learning mathematics are still found in the teaching materials used. Lesson materials used do not support students to find a concept in learning mathematics, learning is also centered on the teacher. LKPD teaching materials used contain material that does not relate to daily activities. The research of LKPD validity with Realistic Mathematics Education Approach (RME) aimed to develop LKPD that fulfill valid criterion, from material aspect, construction, and language. Development stage using the 4D model is limited to the third stage, namely define, design, and develop. The instrument in this study is the LKPD validity sheet. LKPD validation was tested to 4 validators consisting of 2 lecturers of mathematics education at Bengkulu University and 2 mathematics teachers of SMP. The result of validity of LKPD included in category is very valid, obtained from Aiken calculation with average score 0,87. So, it can be stated that the development of LKPD with the PMR approach has met valid criteria.Keywords: Validity, LKPD, Realistic Mathematics Education Approach (RME) Approach
PERBANDINGAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA ANTARA MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK TALK WRITE (TTW) DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN EKSPOSITORI
Authors: Sari Ita Permata , Yensy Nurul Astuty , Maizora Syafdi
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah hasil belajar matematika siswa yang diajar dengan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Talk Write (TTW) secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa yang diajar pembelajaran ekspositori di SMP N 6 Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan sampel diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Kelas VII C sebagai kelas eksperimen mendapat perlakuan model pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) dan kelas VII D sebagai kelas kontrol mendapat perlakuan pembelajaran Ekspositori. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang menggunakan Uji-t dua sampel independen diperoleh nilai = 2,051 dan  . Oleh karena itu,  maka H1 diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar matematika siswa antara model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Talk Write (TTW) secara signifikan lebih tinggi dari hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan pembelajaran ekspositori di kelas VII SMP Negeri 6 Kota Bengkulu.Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar, Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Think Talk Write (TTW), Pembelajaran Ekspositori.AbstractThis study aims to find out whether the students mathematics learning outcomes that are taught cooperative learning type Think Talk Write (TTW) is significantly higher than the students mathematics learning outcomes who taught expository learning in SMP N 6 Kota Bengkulu.This research is a quasi-experimental research with samples taken using purposive sampling technique. Class VII C as experimental class gets treatment of Think Talk Write (TTW) and class VII D model as control class gets Expository learning treatment. Based on the result of data analysis used T-test two independent samples obtained value tcount = 2,051 and ttable = 0,167. Therefore, tcount > ttable then H1 is accepted. So it can be concluded that the result of learning of student mathematics between cooperative learning type Think Talk Write (TTW) is significantly higher than result of learning of student mathematics with expository learning in class VII SMP Negeri 6 Kota Bengkulu.Keywords: Learning Outcomes, cooperative learning type Think Talk Write (TTW), expository learning.
KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA KELAS VII A SMPN 6 KOTA BENGKULU SETELAH MEMPEROLEH PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING
Authors: Diani Sanra Febri , Maulidiya Della , Susanta Agus
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAKDengan menerapkan model Discovery Learning, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa pada materi segiempat dan segitiga di SMPN 6 Kota Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan  teknik pengumpulan data melalui lembar penilaian keterampilan, LKPD dan tes siklus. Kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa pada siklus I, II dan III adalah 65,70 ; 64,93 ; dan 67,94 dengan pencapaian tiap indikator yaitu :  (1) kemampuan siswa menyatakan ulang konsep : 47,91 ; 56,18; 75,42. (2) kemampuan siswa mengklasifikasikan objek atau sifat sesuai konsep : 54,26; 70,17; 92,20. (3) kemampuan memberi contoh dan bukan contoh dari suatu konsep :85,23 ; 97,73; 45,21. (4) kemampuan siswa meyajikan konsep dalam berbagai bentuk representasi : 53,10; 51,21 ; 56,47. (5) kemampuan siswa mengembangkan syarat perlu atau syarat cukup : 69,78; 46,61 ; 81,00. (6) kemampuan siswa menggunakan prosedur atau operasi tertentu : 81,52; 61,25 ; 55,31. (7) kemampuan siswa menerapkan konsep : 68,13 ; 71,36 ; 69,96. Kata Kunci : Model Discovery Learning, pemahaman konsep matematika ABSTRACTWith applying Discovery Learning, this research to aims how to improve student understanding of mathematical concepts in quadrilateral and triangle in SMPN 6 Bengkulu. This research used classroom research (PTK) with technique of collecting data through assessment of skill, worksheets and test result learning. Improved understanding of student’s mathematics concepts can be seen from average value of concept understanding from cycle I,II and III were : 65,70 ; 64,93 ; and 67,94. Improvement of understanding of concept in each indicator from cycle I to III were : (1) ability to re-state the concept : 47,91 ; 56,18; 75,42. (2) ability to classify object: 54,26; 70,17; 92,20. (3) ability to give example and non sample  : 85,23 ; 97,73; 45,21. (4) ability of recognize condition that determine a concept : 53,10; 51,21 ; 56,47. (5) ability developed sufficient terms and conditions are required : 69,78; 46,61 ; 81,00. (6) ability of used the procedure and operation : 81,52; 61,25 ; 55,31. (7) ability of apply a concept : 68,13 ; 71,36 ; 69,96. Key word : Discovery Learning, understanding of mathematical concepts
ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL BILANGAN PECAHAN DI SD NEGERI 69 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Pratiwi Della Septilia Eka , Muchlis Efiie Efrida , Susanta Agus
Published: July 2020

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan jenis dan faktor penyebab kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal materi bilangan pecahan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas VB SD Negeri 69 Kota Bengkulu sebanyak 32 orang. Instrumen dan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar tes dan wawancara. Analisis data diawali dengan uji analisis instrumen tes, yaitu pengujian validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, daya pembeda soal dan analisis data hasil tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan materi bilangan pecahan terdapat sebanyak lima indikator kesalahan. (1) Kesalahan dalam mengurutkan pecahan dengan tingkat kesalahan sebanyak 17 siswa (53,12%). (2) Kesalahan menyederhanakan pecahan sebanyak 5 siswa (15,62%). (3) Kesalahan menjumlahkan pecahan  sebanyak 7 siswa (21,87%). (4) Kesalahan pengurangan pecahan sebanyak 17 siswa (53,12%). (5) Kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan masalah nyata yang berkaitan dengan pecahan sebanyak 10 siswa (31,25%). Faktor penyebab kesalahan siswa terdiri dari: (1) kurang memahami konsep materi, (2) kurang teliti dalam memahami soal; (4) kurang teliti dalam melakukan perhitungan, dan (4) tidak mengecek kembali jawaban akhir Kata Kunci: Analisis, Kesalahan, Deskriptif  Abstract The aim of this research is for description kind of factor mistake from student about finish the test of lesson fraction number. The research is descriptive research. Subject of the research is Students Class 5 SD Negeri 69 Bengkulu city surely 32 Students. The technic of data collection from the research is essay  and Ellyciting. Data analysis start from test instrumen analysis, That is, Validity test, reliability test, difficult level test, power of different the  test, and data analysis results test. Results of the research can show about fault from the students finish the test of lesson the breakdown, that have 5 misconception of indicator from the students. (1) The fault about sort it out fraction number with level fault 17 student (53,12%). (2) The fault about simplicity the fraction number is five students (15,62%). (3) The fault about add up fractions number as much 7 The students (21,87%). (4) The fault of substraction fraction number as much 17 Students (53,12%). (5) The fault of solve a real problem deals the breakdown as much 10 students (31,25%). Factor the fault of students is have 5 factor, that is : (1) The students understandably the concept about the lesson, (2) The students less thoroughly about understand the test, (3) the student less thoroughly about do the math, and (4) the students does not checking in last answer. Keyword : Analysis, The Fault, Descriptive
Мінімізація втрат бюджетної програми при зменшенні її фінансування
Authors: Parkhomenko Pavlo
Published: July 2020

Розглянута одна із проблем, що виникає у повсякденній практиці керівного складу – розпорядників коштів при прийнятті управлінських рішень. А саме – необхідність перерозподілу асигнувань між бюджетними програмами та обраними заходами, скорочення фінансування, яких найменше позначиться на результативності програми та мінімізує ризики невиконання програми в цілому.

Для розв’язання проблеми запропонований підхід із застосуванням статистичного методу кількісного аналізу ризиків на підставі визначення двох показників: імовірності отримання втрат (збитків) у випадку скорочення фінансування програми  та середнього значення і діапазону коливання цих очікуваних втрат (збитків).   

Наведений приклад використання запропонованого підходу для двох можливих варіантів скорочення фінансування деякої програми між трьома потенційними групами заходів цієї програми. Запропонований механізм зведення розрахунків у підсумкову таблицю, прийнятну для аналізу та прийняття кінцевого рішення в інстанції управління стосовно вибору найменш ризикового варіанту.

Зазначено, що розглянутий підхід може бути застосований і при наявності більш ніж двох альтернативних варіантів скорочення фінансування програми та для більш ніж трьох потенційних груп заходів що обираються для зменшення фінансування.
New modified version of the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery category and mortality in premature infants with critical congenital heart disease
Authors: Yoon Young Mi , Bae Seong Phil , Kim Yoon-Joo , Kwak Jae Gun , Kim Woong-Han , Song Mi Kyoung , Shin Seung Han , Kim Ee-Kyung , Kim Han-Suk
Published: July 2020

Background: Despite advances in neonatal intensive care and surgical procedures, perinatal mortality rates for premature infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) remain relatively high.Purpose: We aimed to describe the outcomes of premature infants with critical CHD and identify the risk factors including the new modified version of the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (M-RACHS) category associated with in-hospital mortality in a Korean tertiary center.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of premature infants with critical CHD admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January 2005 to December 2016.Results: A total of 78 premature infants were enrolled. The median gestational age (GA) at birth was 34.9 weeks (range, 26.7–36.9 weeks), and the median birth weight was 1.91 kg (range, 0.53–4.38 kg). Surgical or percutaneous intervention was performed in 68 patients with a median GA at birth of 34.7 weeks (range, 26.7–36.8 weeks) and a median birth weight of 1.92 kg (range, 0.53–4.38 kg). The in-hospital survival rate was 76.9% among all enrolled preterm infants and 86.8% among patients who received an intervention. Very low birth weight (VLBW), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and M-RACHS category 5 or higher (more complex CHD) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. For the 68 premature infants undergoing cardiac interventions, independent risk factors for mortality were VLBW, BPD, and CHD complexity. Late preterm infant and age at intervention were not associated with patient survival.Conclusion: For premature infants with critical CHD, VLBW, PPHN, BPD, and M-RACHS category ≥5 were risk factors for mortality. A careful approach to surgical intervention and prenatal care should be taken according to CHD type and neonatal condition.
Changing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents
Authors: Park Ji Sook , Jun Jin Su , Seo Ji-Hyun , Youn Hee-Shang , Rhee Kwang-Ho
Published: July 2020

Helicobacter pylori infection has declined over recent decades. However, its prevalence remains high, and nearly 50% of the global population has been infected. In Korea, seroprevalence has steadily decreased in adults, but the status of H. pylori infection in children is unknown. The current status or trend of H. pylori infection in children is important because it can help estimate H. pylori-related diseases including gastric cancer in later life. In this review, the authors discuss the change in H. pylori infection rate among children and adolescents based on literature reviews and our research.
Behavioral insomnia in infants and young children
Authors: Kang Eun Kyeong , Kim Seung Soo
Published: July 2020

In infants and young children, bedtime problems and night waking are common and the main presentations of insomnia. Poor sleep may critically impact the daytime functioning and mood of the child and their caregivers. A comprehensive sleep history, a sleep diary/log, and the BEARS (Bedtime problems, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Awakenings during the night, Regularity and duration of sleep, and Sleep-disordered breathing) sleep screen are useful for diagnosing sleep problems in young children. Behavioral therapies for this type of insomnia include extinction, bedtime fading with positive routines, and scheduled awakening. Previous studies of behavioral interventions for young children showed significant improvements in sleep-onset latency, night waking frequency, and night waking duration. Parent education about their child’s sleep, bedtime routines, and sleep hygiene is essential for treatment.
Understanding the genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus using Bayesian statistics and gene network analysis
Authors: Nam Seoung Wan , Lee Kwang Seob , Yang Jae Won , Ko Younhee , Eisenhut Michael , Lee Keum Hwa , Shin Jae Il , Kronbichler Andreas
Published: July 2020

The publication of genetic epidemiology meta-analyses has increased rapidly, but it has been suggested that many of the statistically significant results are false positive. In addition, most such meta-analyses have been redundant, duplicate, and erroneous, leading to research waste. In addition, since most claimed candidate gene associations were false-positives, correctly interpreting the published results is important. In this review, we emphasize the importance of interpreting the results of genetic epidemiology meta-analyses using Bayesian statistics and gene network analysis, which could be applied in other diseases.
THE IMPROVEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF TUSSOCK GRASSLANDS: A FARMER'S VIEWPOINT
Authors: Wardell I.H.
Published: July 2020

THE PROPERTY to be discussed comprises 4,000 acres-2,000 acres of good and 2,000 acres of light, stony flat. By 1956, the rabbit boards had the rabbit under control and stock numbers had risen from 240 ewes with a low lambing percentage, and clipping five bales of wool, to 600 ewes, 200 hoggets and a wool clip of 18 bales. Lambing percentage was 80.
EXPERIENCES WITH S170 TALL FESCUE
Authors: Allo A.V. , Southon T.
Published: July 2020

MANY hundreds of years ago, an old gentleman startled the inhabitants of the ancient city of Bagdad by offering to exchange new lamps for old ones. Today, a rather similar thing is happening on some New Zealand farms, where some farmers are replacing tall fescue with tall fescue.
MILK PRODUCTION FROM RYEGRASS VARIETIES
Authors: Wilson G.F.
Published: July 2020

IN VIEW of the importance of the different ryegrass varieties to grassland farming in New Zealand, and the almost complete dearth of information relating to their nutritive value as feeds for dairy cattle, a comprehensive series of experiments was initiated at Massey University
ESTABLISHMENT OF OVERSOWN WHITE CLOVER ON UNIMPROVED NORTH AUCKLAND CLAY HILL COUNTRY
Authors: Goold G.J. , Ludecke T.E. , Pari J.N.
Published: July 2020

IN NORTH AUCKLAND, as is the case in all other areas of New Zealand, the key to pasture improvement lies in the introduction of legumes. Almost invariably poor pasture production is associated with poor clover growth. Contributing factors to poor clover establishment and growth are low amounts of available phosphate, potassium, molybdenum and sulphur, acid soil conditions and ineffective nodulation. This paper is concerned with the germination and establishment of white clover on unimproved North Auckland clay hill country. White clover establishment has been investigated on the soils of two northern yellow-brown earth soil suites, namely, the Marua suite from greywacke parent material and the Waiotira suite, from massive sandstone. These soils have been described by Taylor and Sutherland (1953) and are shown in their order of leaching in Tables 1 and 5, respectively.
NORTHLAND LAND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Somerville R.K.
Published: July 2020

THE development of virgin country for farming by the Lands and Survey Department started in New Zealand nearly forty years ago. From modest beginnings, when taken over in the early thirties from the Department of Agriculture, and with increasing experience through the years, the work has been greatly accelerated. Today, it is widespread in both islands on such a scale that, in total, it represents the largest farm development ever undertaken in the history of New Zealand.
AN INTRODUCTION TO NORTH AUCKLAND FARMING
Authors: Cameron M.L.
Published: July 2020

THE soils, climate, history and the production trends of the North Auckland peninsula, up to 1952, are fully described by Taylor and Sutherland (1953). However, a review of progress since that time is justified if it can point the way to the future.
FERTILIZERS AND LIME FOR NORTH AUCKLAND SOILS
Authors: During C.
Published: July 2020

NORTH AUCKLAND is covered by a large variety of soils. These have developed on sandstones, mudstones, andesitic rocks, basalt, volcanic ash and mixtures of these materials. Further, on each type of parent material, time and environment have combined to create a range or "suite" of soils. The term and concept of soil "suites" was developed by Taylor (1952), formerly Director of the New Zealand Soil Bureau. Dr Taylor's system of grouping these soils has been of very great help in planning field and laboratory experiments. Table 1 outlines a simplified model of a soil suite developed on sandstone. Natural fertility is highest on the A type soils, very much lower on the B and C type soils and very low on the D and E soils. The last two (D and E) and part of the C soils used to be dug for kauri gum. Hence they are known as gumland soils.
THE ROLE OF GRASSLAND IN MANAGEMENT
Authors: Morrow S.J.
Published: July 2020

THIS PAPER will describe the role of grassland in the management of an intensive, heavy land, mixed cropping unit farmed in conjunction with a block of light land three miles away. The homestead block of 276 acres was part of the Longbeach estate and was bought by the Crown in 1950. The writer began farming it in March, 1951. The soil is a Temuka heavy silt loam with 5 to 8 in. of topsoil on 15 to 30 in. of clay over shingle and clay. It is extensively tile-drained by the original Longbeach system but still has wet gullies which are difficult to drain and a hindrance to cultivation.
INTRODUCTION TO THE FARMING SCENE IN MID-CANTERBURY
Authors: Whatman C.P.
Published: July 2020

MID-CANTERBURY is bounded on the south by the Rangitata River, on the north by the Rakaia River, and stretches from the sea to the Main Divide. The occupied area is 1,300,OOO acres of which 700,000 is improved land comprising the plains and a narrow belt of foothills, while the balance, 600,000 acres, consists of the mountain slopes and inland basins of the high country with a plant cover OF tussock and associated plants. Ignoring the part-time farms, the plain is occupied in approximately 1,500 holdings, giv;ng an average of close to 500 acres, but actual size varies widely with soil type and other factors.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL CONSERVATION ON HILL COUNTRY MANAGEMENT
Authors: King M.
Published: July 2020

Although the classes of stock may be varied, livestock and timber will remain the basic utilization for the Wairarapa hill oountry. Erosion and a dissected topography have placed restrictions on stock, and thus pasture control, limiting production attainment and accelerating erosion. The, application of soil conservation methods designed initially to facilitate erosion control and enable catchment and aspect subdivision have overcome many of the past difficulties. With intensive pasture control now possible, much more effective use can be made of steep, broken hill country and towards this end further study is urged with pasture species to meet the special needs of this area.
MANAGEMENT, CLIMATIC LIMITATIONS AND POTENTIALS FOR PRODUCTION IN THE WAIRARAPA
Authors: Mcdougall John D.
Published: July 2020

THIS PAPER will give a brief description of the property "Sunnyside", its development and management, and outline the climatic limitations, which are an erratic and poorly distributed rainfall and strong drying winds from the north-west.
LEGUME AND FERTILIZER NITROGEN IN NEW ZEALAND PASTORAL FARMING
Authors: Ball Roger
Published: July 2020

The role of clovers in grass/clover pastures is discussed. Their nitrogen-fixing capacity and direct contribution to yield are greatly modified by climate, nutrient supplies and soil nitrogen availability. A ceiling to production from grass/clover pastures is envisaged where the application of fertilizer nitrogen will be required for further increases in productivity using present species. Satisfactory short-term pasture responses to nitrogen have been measured. Modification of these by climatic, pastoral and managerial factors is discussed. The long-term implications of nitrogen usage on pastures are not clear. More research is required before the place of fertilizer nitrogen for forage production in New Zealand pastoral farming can be properly assessed.
EVALUATING THE PLACE OF FERTILIZER NITROGEN FOR DAIRY FARMING
Authors: Browne D.
Published: July 2020

AREAS in which white clover grows reasonably well have the potential of carrying a certain stocking rate without using fertilizer nitrogen. The development of dairying in such areas will logically use the best available legumes to increase stock carrying capacity to its economic optimum. Evaluating the place of fertilizer nitrogen in these areas will therefore be concerned with the establishment of the maximum economic production from legume-based pastures, and secondly with the increase in production per unit area possible using a range of nitrogen levels. Where the research objective is to provide guidance to a developing. industry, the optimum production from both nitrogen' sources must be defined using available information on the best management systems, most suitable .legumes, most effective rhizobium, etc. This approach accepts that new information on any of the factors involved could increase the stocking rate which gives optimum production from either nitrogen source and would advocate that some of the research resources should be used to examine such management factors. If this guidance is not available, decisions will still have to be made by the industry but at greater risk (Morley and Spedding, 1968).
INTENSIVE BEEF AND SHEEP PRODUCTION
Authors: Joyce J.P.
Published: July 2020

An experiment is described in which the comparative productivity per acre has been measured using three classes of stockbreeding ewes, webhers and dairy beef cattle. Results have been expressed in terms of pasture production, feed Intakes, feed conversion efficiency, and output of meat and wool Per acre. These results ,have been discussed with particular reference to the potential production levels of various classes of livestock on a per-acre basis.
THE INTENSIVE USE OF LIGHT LAND
Authors: Stewart J.D.
Published: July 2020

IT IS ESTIMATED that there are three-quarters of a million acres on the Canterbury Plains which can be classified "light land", a classification which is a little vague, but sufficiently understood for there to be no need to attempt to define it here.
NUTRITIVE VALUE AND PERENNIALITY 0F PASTURE GRASSES
Authors: Clements R.J.
Published: July 2020

In the genera Phalaris and Lolium, annual species have higher herbage nutritive value than perennials, and hybrids between annuals and perennials are intermediate. It is not yet known whether plant breeders will be able to improve the herbage quality of the perennial species without sacrificing some perenniality. Information needed to resolve this question could be obtained in various ways, some of which are discussed. Plant survival is of special importance in P. tuberosa, but in the ryegrasses some loss of perenniality has been tolerated by New Zealand farmers.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS AND SULPHUR FERTILIZATION ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM SUBTERRANEUM)
Authors: Jones M.B. , Oh J.H. , Ruckman J.E.
Published: July 2020

Phosphorus or sulphur applied alone to a soil deficient in P and S did not increase subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) yields; but when the two elements were applied together, a five-fold ,increase was obtained. The nutritive value of the clover was evaluated by measuring sheep rumen microbial activity using an anaerobic manometric technique. Subterranean clover fertilized with P alone increased the microbial activity about 6%. In contrast, the clover fertilized with S alone decreased activity about 5%. When P and S were applied together, microbial activity was increased 20 to 30%, depending on the rates applied. There was a positive correlation between the level of reducing sugars in the clover and the degree of rumen microbial activity.
CUTTING TECHNIQUES FOR PASTURE YIELDS ON HILL COUNTRY
Authors: Radcliffe J.E.
Published: July 2020

Production of pastures measured by the trim and difference cutting techniques are presented for sites on North Island hill pastures and South Island improved tussock grasslands. On North Island sites the trim technique consistently gave higher yields. On South Island sites, interim results have shown no consistent overall effect, although large differences in yields have been measured at some cuts. The number of samples required by the trim lechnique to give a standard error + 10% of mean yield was 30 on North Island sites (sample size 0.3 m x 0.2 m) and 15 on South Island sites (sample size 0.5 m x 0.5 m). The difference technique was much more variable and required 5 and 20 times more samples on North and South Island sites, respectively, to give a standard error +- 10% of the mean yield. On another North Island site, large, laxly trimmed sampling sites gave higher yields than smaller, severely trimmed sampling sites and one large sample (3.4 m x 1 .O m) generally gave similar precision in yields to 6 or 7 smaller samples (0.8 m x 0.3 m).
Improvement of Digital Mobile Communication in the Modern World
Authors: Temirkhanova M. , Zaripov H. , Li Sh.
Published: July 2020

This article reveals the issues of new information technologies, digitalization and mobilization of processes, the introduction of artificial intelligence in all areas. As well as mobile applications for the transition of generations from 2G, 3G, 4G to 5G, digital mobile communication with circuit switching, the difference in the speed of wireless technologies in the world is such that operators around the world are ready for changes, and even many of them have already begun to minimize/network upgrades and LTE technology.
Post-penitentiary Process of Resocialization of Convicts: Problems and Ways to Solve Them
Authors: Hwan I.
Published: July 2020

Based on the study of the post-penitentiary period of the process of re-socialization of prisoners released from prison, the author of the article draws the following conclusions. The main problems of people after release are: socialization and adaptation in society, due to the lack of real opportunities to find a job, provide themselves with housing, and restore socially useful connections. In order to achieve the effectiveness of the process under consideration, it is necessary to adopt laws at the Federal level: On post-penitentiary resocialization of persons released from correctional institutions, On quotas for jobs for persons released from correctional institutions, On the post-penitentiary resocialization service for persons released from correctional institutions, which will comprehensively resolve complex issues and help reduce recidivism. In addition, it is necessary to increase the level of preventive work with prisoners in correctional institutions and apply differentiated social assistance programs for those released from prison.
Perspective Directions of Development Institute of Family Media
Authors: Khudoikina T. , Khalzova R.
Published: July 2020

Analysis of the use of family mediation reveals a number of significant problems that need to be addressed to increase the demand for family mediation. The author identifies priority promising directions for the development of the Institute of family mediation in our country. The article reveals the importance of legislative innovations for the effective implementation of this institution in the Russian legal system.
Technologies for Creating Individual Tasks for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Kreps Т. , Nesterenko L.
Published: July 2020

An individual task can be an educational tool in pedagogy. It is aimed at interacting with students with disabilities. Individual tasks provide educational requirements, such as adaptation, personification and variability of the educational process. The use of teaching methods and techniques becomes relevant in the educational process. This forms the ability of students to independently acquire knowledge, collect the necessary information, put forward hypotheses, present evidence and draw conclusions and conclusions. The effectiveness of interaction with students with disabilities significantly increases when tasks are put into practice on a multi-level basis. Individual tasks are aimed at creating universal educational actions for the student. This forms the student’s ability to organize independent educational activities. Mandatory conditions in the pedagogical process will be the design of the necessary compensatory mechanisms and training tools, as well as the accumulation of the bank of individual tasks and grouping them on different grounds of individualization of students with disabilities. The article considers options for creating individual tasks, as well as technologies for designing individual tasks for students with disabilities. The technology of developing an individual task for students with disabilities consists in selecting a typical task and then converting it into a multi-level one. This process can be performed by extending the content. The introduction of multi-level individual task technology requires each student to achieve a basic level of knowledge, and at the same time, to realize themselves at a higher, advanced level.
John Clare, Herbalism, and Elegy
Authors: Lafford Erin
Published: July 2020

Discussions of Clare's engagement with botany often trace his fraught relationship with taxonomy, exploring his admiration for common names over the ‘dark system’ of Linnaean classification. This essay expands understanding of Clare's botanical imagination by considering how he brings his botanical ‘taste’ to bear on the flower as a key figure of elegiac consolation. I refocus attention on his formative preference for pre-Linnaean herbalism and explore how it informs his engagement with elegiac tradition and imagery, especially in relation to Gray's ‘Elegy’. I attend to how herbalism is brought into relationship with poetic representations of the floral, focussing especially on the connection between Clare's preference for herbals and Elizabeth Kent's Flora Domestica. I then discuss ‘Cauper Green’ and ‘The Village Doctress’ (Clare's most sustained poetic discussions of herbalism) as elegies that try to reconcile the finite temporality of human life with the regenerative life cycles of plants and their flowers.
EVALUASI KINERJA PENGASUH DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KEPRIBADIAN PRAJA DI INSTITUT PEMERINTAHAN DALAM NEGERI KAMPUS JATINANGOR (STUDI KASUS PENGASUH WISMA SATUAN MUDA WANITA PRAJA)
Authors: Situmorang Verycia Angelina
Published: July 2020

Institut Pemerintahan Dalam  Negeri (IPDN) is one of educational institution under the authority of ministry of Internal Affairs which aims to prepare the cadets of Internal Goverment, To produce a cade of goverment who has a good personality, attitudes adn behaviour of civilness it's very influenced by the ability of the caregiver as forming the personality of the civil. The background of this research is because there are many infraction done by Young female Caregiver Pensions Unit Praja, it show that lack performances from the caregiver.

The purpose of this study is know and analyze the performance evaluation of caregivers performance to build and forming personality of praja in Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri Jatinangor and what factors are affecting the performance of the caregiver. This research uses the mixedmethod research and the data collection techniqu used is interview, observation, documentation and assisted with quetionaire technique/

The result shows that performance of caregivers to forming or build teh personality of praja is good but it is not yet maximal. It because the ability of caregivers is not adequate. And the recruitment of caregivers in Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri do not run in accordance with the rules.

Therefore, in this thesis researcher give some advice need to get a recruitment of caregivers in accordance with the rules, need to give caregivers some training to incrase their ability to farming personality of praja. And then need to have a good evaluation tools to know how far performance of the caregivers.
Evaluation of Loofah Lines for Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus and Downy Mildew, as well as Key Horticultural Traits
Authors: Dhillon Narinder P. S. , Masud Mohammed Abu Taher , Pruangwitayakun Somchit , Natheung Monpapa , Lertlam Suyuporn , Jarret Robert L.
Published: July 2020

Two loofah (Luffa) species, the ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.) and the sponge gourd (L. cylindrica (L.) M. Roem.; syn. L. aegyptiaca), are cultivated widely in Asia by smallholder famers. Both species have significant economic and nutritional importance. However, Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and downy mildew (DM) caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis are important biotic constraints to loofah production throughout Asia. Loofah landrace-derived breeding lines, developed at the World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg), were evaluated at the WorldVeg East and Southeast Asia Research and Training Station, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand—where natural epidemics of ToLCNDV and DM regularly occur. The lines were also evaluated for other commercially important horticultural traits such as days to 50% staminate and pistillate flowering, fruit color, fruit bitterness, and market segment classification. Thirteen and 59 lines of ridge gourd and sponge gourd, respectively, were determined to be resistant to both ToLCNDV and DM. These lines covered all market segments of loofah and exhibited variability for all of the evaluated horticultural traits. The results of these evaluations and their implications on loofah breeding are discussed.
Growth and Acclimation of In Vitro-Propagated M9 Apple Rootstock Plantlets under Various Visible Light Spectrums
Authors: Chung Guem-Jae , Lee Jin-Hui , Oh Myung-Min
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to explore the suitable light quality condition for ex vitro acclimation of M9 apple plantlets. Light quality treatments were set as followed; monochromatic LEDs (red (R), green (G), blue (B)) and polychromatic LEDs (R:B = 7:3, 8:2 and 9:1; R:G:B = 6:1:3, 7:1:2 and 8:1:1). Plant height of R, R9B1, and R8G1B1 treatments were significantly higher than the other treatments. The number of leaves and SPAD value of B were significantly higher than the other treatments. Root fresh weights of R9B1 and R7G1B2 treatments showed an increase of at least 1.7-times compared to R, G and R8B2. R8G1B1 accumulated higher starch contents than the other treatments. Photosynthetic rate of R9B1 and R8B2 were significantly higher than the other treatments. In terms of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, treatments with high blue ratio such as B, R7B3 had higher values. Rubisco concentration was high in R and B among monochromatic treatments. In conclusion, red light was effective to increase photosynthetic rate and biomass and blue light increased chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance. Therefore, for R9B1 and R8G1B1, a mixture of high ratio of red light with a little blue light would be proper for the acclimation of in vitro-propagated apple rootstock M9 plantlets to an ex vitro environment.
A Convolutional Neural Network for Anterior Intra-Arterial Thrombus Detection and Segmentation on Non-Contrast Computed Tomography of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Tolhuisen Manon L. , Ponomareva Elena , Boers Anne M. M. , Jansen Ivo G. H. , Koopman Miou S. , Sales Barros Renan , Berkhemer Olvert A. , van Zwam Wim H. , van der Lugt Aad , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , Marquering Henk A.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) that automatically detects and segments intra-arterial thrombi on baseline non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans. We retrospectively collected computed tomography (CT)-scans of patients with an anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) from the Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands trial, both for training (n = 86) and validation (n = 43). For testing we included patients with (n = 58) and without (n = 45) an LVO from our comprehensive stroke center. Ground truth was established by consensus between two experts using both CT angiography and NCCT. We evaluated the CNN for correct identification of a thrombus, its location and thrombus segmentation and compared these with the results of a neurologist in training and expert neuroradiologist. Sensitivity of the CNN thrombus detection was 0.86, vs. 0.95 and 0.79 for the neuroradiologists. Specificity was 0.65 for the network vs. 0.58 and 0.82 for the neuroradiologists. The CNN correctly identified the location of the thrombus in 79% of the cases, compared to 81% and 77% for the neuroradiologists. The sensitivity and specificity for thrombus identification and the rate for correct thrombus location assessment by the CNN were similar to those of expert neuroradiologists.
Biomimetic Aspects of Restorative Dentistry Biomaterials
Authors: Zafar Muhammad Sohail , Amin Faiza , Fareed Muhmmad Amber , Ghabbani Hani , Riaz Samiya , Khurshid Zohaib , Kumar Naresh
Published: July 2020

Biomimetic has emerged as a multi-disciplinary science in several biomedical subjects in recent decades, including biomaterials and dentistry. In restorative dentistry, biomimetic approaches have been applied for a range of applications, such as restoring tooth defects using bioinspired peptides to achieve remineralization, bioactive and biomimetic biomaterials, and tissue engineering for regeneration. Advancements in the modern adhesive restorative materials, understanding of biomaterial–tissue interaction at the nano and microscale further enhanced the restorative materials’ properties (such as color, morphology, and strength) to mimic natural teeth. In addition, the tissue-engineering approaches resulted in regeneration of lost or damaged dental tissues mimicking their natural counterpart. The aim of the present article is to review various biomimetic approaches used to replace lost or damaged dental tissues using restorative biomaterials and tissue-engineering techniques. In addition, tooth structure, and various biomimetic properties of dental restorative materials and tissue-engineering scaffold materials, are discussed.
Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: Augmenting the Training and Performance Potential in Esports Players
Authors: Zhuang Wei , Yin Keyi , Zi Yahua , Liu Yu
Published: July 2020

During the last two decades, esports, a highly competitive sporting activity, has gained increasing popularity. Both performance and competition in esports require players to have fine motor skills and physical and cognitive abilities in controlling and manipulating digital activities in a virtual environment. While strategies for building and improving skills and abilities are crucial for successful gaming performance, few effective training approaches exist in the fast-growing area of competitive esports. In this paper, we describe a non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) approach and highlight the relevance and potential areas for research while being cognizant of various technical, safety, and ethical issues related to NIBS when applied to esports.
BMIM-BF4 RTIL: Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Evaluation for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to CO over Sn and MoSi2 Cathodes
Authors: Ganesh Ibram
Published: July 2020

Development of a practicable artificial photosynthesis process has been considered today as one of the top-most research priorities to address the problems related to the global warming and the associated social cost of carbon, and to develop the renewable fuels employable in place of fossil fuels. For this purpose, a simple and inexpensive route has been devised to synthesize a high-purity bmim[BF4] to employ as a helper catalyst to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) to CO formation over Sn and MoSi2 cathodes. The rates of CO2 reduction over Sn and MoSi2 cathodes have been determined to be >110 mA/cm2 during cyclic voltammetry. The CO formation at a current density of >100 mA/cm2 in the ECR reaction is very essential to consider this reaction for industrial practice when the required electricity derived from sunlight is available at an affordable price. The bmim[BF4] mediated ECR reaction over Sn and MoSi2 cathodes has been identified to be a revere reaction of CO oxidation in air. The experiments with isotopic 13CO2 confirmed that CO2 is the only source of CO formation in the ECR reaction. The underlying reaction mechanism in bmim[BF4] mediated ECR reaction over Sn has been presented and discussed in this article.
Polysiloxane Hybrids via Sol-Gel Process: Effect of Temperature on Network Formation
Authors: Criado Maria , Sobrados Isabel , Sanz Jesus
Published: July 2020

The effect of temperature on the network formation of polysiloxane hybrids was evaluated since this type of material is currently in high demand. In the last decades, the deposition of these coatings on different substrates, mostly metals, has demonstrated anticorrosion properties. Sol-gel hybrids were prepared by mixing 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) and tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) with a molar ratio of 1. The formation, thickness and composition of these hybrid materials were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results showed that the temperature plays an important role in the network formation, the total condensation degree and the total dimensionality of the hybrid materials. At room temperature, the polysiloxane hybrids presented total condensation degrees lower than 75% and a total dimensionality (dtotal) = 2.5, while those obtained at 65 °C presented total condensation degrees higher than 80% and a dtotal = 2.8. The ideal conditions to prepare polysiloxane hybrids are 65 °C for 4 h, where this shows a higher atomic percentage of Si and a greater thickness.
Influence of Conditions for Production and Thermo-Chemical Treatment of Al2O3 Coatings on Wettability and Energy State of Their Surface
Authors: Niedźwiedź Mateusz , Skoneczny Władysław , Bara Marek
Published: July 2020

This article presents the influence of the anodizing parameters and thermo-chemical treatment of Al2O3 coatings made on aluminum alloy EN AW-5251 on the surface free energy. The oxide coating was produced by DC (Direct Current) anodizing in a ternary electrolyte. The thermo-chemical treatment of the oxide coatings was carried out using distilled water, sodium dichromate and sodium sulphate. Micrographs of the surface of the Al2O3 coatings were characterized using a scanning microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of the oxide coatings was identified using EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) microanalysis. Surface free energy (SFE) calculations were performed by the Owens–Wendt method, based on wetting angle measurements made using the sessile drop technique. The highest value of surface free energy for the only anodized coatings was 46.57 mJ/m2, and the lowest was 37.66 mJ/m2. The contact angle measurement with glycerine was 98.06° ± 2.62°, suggesting a hydrophobic surface. The thermo-chemical treatment of the oxide coatings for most samples contributed to a significant increase in SFE, while reducing the contact angle with water. The highest value of surface free energy for the coatings after thermo-chemical treatment was 77.94 mJ/m2, while the lowest was 34.98 mJ/m2. Taking into account the contact angle measurement with glycerine, it was possible to obtain hydrophobic layers with the highest angle of 109.82° ± 4.79° for the sample after thermal treatment in sodium sulphate.