bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEKRIMINALIZACIJA KLEVETE U PRAVNOJ REGULATIVI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE SA POSEBNIM ASPEKTOM NA NAKNADU ŠTETE
Authors: MUJKIĆ Anita , VELADŽIĆ Nevzet
Published: September 2023

Cilj rada je prikazati osnovne odrednice slobode izražavanja te ograničenja iste utvrđene relevantnim međunarodnim dokumentima za zaštitu ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda sa posebnim aspektom na Evropsku konvenciju za zaštitu ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda. U drugom dijelu rada razmatra se institut klevete kao najčešćeg oblika zloupotrebe prava sa posebnim aspektom na dekriminalizaciju klevete u Bosni i Hercegovini. U trećem dijelu rada obrađuje se problematika odnosa krivičnopravne i građanskopravne odgovornosti te ukazuje na osnovne odrednice tužbe za naknadu štete sa posebnim osvrtom na naknadu nematrijalne štete u pravnoj regulativi BiH sa primjerima iz prakse.
PRAVO NA SLOBODU KRETANJA, SLOBODU MIRNOG OKUPLJANJA I SLOBODU IZRAŽAVANJA U PRAKSI EVROPSKOG SUDA ZA LJUDSKA PRAVA
Authors: PETROVIĆ Ivan , MARINKOVIĆ Vladan
Published: September 2023

Predmet rada je prezentacija prava na slobodu kretanja, mirnog okupljanja i izražavanja (u daljem tekstu: prava) sa stanovišta sudske prakse Evropskog suda za ljudska prava, poštovanja i značaj navedenih prava za građane u Bosni i Hercegovini i Republici Srbiji i njihova ograničenja. Cilj rada je ukazivanje na uređivanje normativna akta koja sada uređuju poštovanja prava, na taj način kako bi se utvrdila jasna i koncizna pravila o postupanju institucija, radi kvalitetnog ostvarivanja prava i sama dostupnost institucija u ostvarivanju i zaštite naprijed navedenih prava.
UPOREDNA ANALIZA OSTVARIVANJA PRAVA NA SLOBODU KRETANJA U BiH I REPUBLICI SRBIJI TOKOM PANDEMIJE COVID-19
Authors: BATAVELJIĆ Dragan
Published: September 2023

Autor u radu ukazuje da je, od same pojave koronavirusa i pre- duzimanja brojnih epidemioloških mjera koje su propisivane od strane kriznih štabova u pojedinim zemljama, ukazivalo se na kršenje ljudskih prava. Moramo priznati da su neke od njih, vrlo često bile nelogične, međusobno veoma različite, a ponekad i kontraproduktivne. Otuda su, zbog uvođenja takvih mjera, prije svega, tzv. „zaključavanja“ (lockdown) i ograničavanja kretanja građana u toku njegovog trajanja, u mnogim državama Evrope i svijeta bile brojne demonstracije i sukobi sa policijom. Tu je bilo nekih veoma čudnih prijedloga od strane kriznih štabova, koji su išli od potpunog onemogućavanja kretanja i izlaska građana iz svojih domova, do propisivanja da, na primjer, penzioneri mogu da idu u nabavku namirnica samo u jutarnjim časovima, da vlasnici pasa mogu da izvedu u šetnju svoje kućne ljubi- mce u određenom vremenskom trajanju, na tačno propisanoj udaljenosti od svojih domova i slično. Međutim, vremenom se pokazalo da je to „zatvaranje ljudi“ (engl. lockdown) imalo malo uticaja u borbi protiv virusa i njegovog širenja. Naime, brojni vrhunski ljekari i epidemiolozi su došli do zaključka da je time nanijeta ogromna kolateralna šteta u skoro svim oblastima društvenog života, prije svega, u privredi, obrazovanju, kulturi, turizmu i slično. Mnoga istraživanja su pokazala da navede- ni lockdown predstavlja, na neki način, „tupo oružje“ protiv virusa korona, jer su očekivanja bila sasvim drugačija. Zbog nepoštovanja određenih prava građana (u konkretnom slučaju, prava na slobodu kretanja) tokom 2020. godine, održan je Regionalni forum o vladavini prava za Jugoistočnu Evropu. Tom prilikom je zakl- jučeno da je došlo do derogacije (povrede, stavljanja van snage) pojedinih prava zajemčenih Evropskom konvencijom za zaštitu ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda iz 1950. godine. Zbog obima ovog rada, autor će se fokusirati na komparativnu analizu kršenja prava na slobodu kretanja u BiH i Republici Srbiji.
WORKPLACE DISCRIMINATION IN NORWAY
Authors: STARR Glen Falch , SOLTVEDT Petter
Published: September 2023

The main subject of the paper is workplace discrimination in Norway, a topic of high relevance for employers and employees alike. In this paper the authors strive to present an overview of the relevant legal framework regard- ing workplace discrimination. In addition, the authors present the prior and cur- rent topicality of the issue. They also strive to present examples on the use of the legal framework to deepen ones understanding. The paper is written in English to make the information readily available for academic professionals as well as non-professional groups such as foreign based HR-representatives, business own- ers or representatives from Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs).
IZAZOVI I OGRANIČENJA LJUDSKIH PRAVA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI U VRIJEME VANREDNIH SITUACIJA
Authors: GALIĆ Ema , HAVIĆ Šerif
Published: September 2023

U političkom smislu, ljudska prava su se pokazala kao širok i fleksibilan pojam pogodan za provođenje raznih političkih interesa i ciljeva. Kat- alog ljudskih prava predstavlja međunarodno ustanovljen standard na osnovu kojeg je moguće procijeniti stanje ljudskih prava u nekoj državi, ili čak čitavom regionu i iza kojeg stoji autoritet međunardone zajednice. U radu ćemo govoriti o ustavom zajamčenim slobodama i pravima na mišljenje, slobodu izražavanja i kretanja, te načinu njihovog provođenja ili potencijalnog ograničavanja od strane institucija vlasti Bosne i Hercegovine. Predstavićemo objektivnu sliku i ocjenu us- tavnosti mjera koje se provode u vanrednim situacijama te u situacijama kao što je migrantska kriza. Uporedićemo reakcije zakonodavnog tijela BiH na iste kako sa okolnim, tako i sa zapadnim državama. Odredićemo uzročnu vezu sa reakcijama zakonodavca na aktuelne probleme sa porastom protesta i (ne)mirnih okupljanja. Pored svega navedenog, centralni problem našeg rada baviće se temom uticaja globalne pandemije (COVID-19) na ograničenje iznad navedenih ljudskih sloboda i prava, te da li je nametanje određenih zdravstvenih mjera zadiranje u osobna prava pojedinca?
ZLOČINI IZ MRŽNJE
Authors: MILADINOVIĆ Aleksandar
Published: September 2023

Zločini iz mržnje su relativno novija inkriminacija u domaćem zakonodavstvu, iako nisu nepoznanica u domaćoj praksi, doduše, ne pod tim imenom. Preuzimajući trend inkriminacije zločina iz mržnje, u radu se ukazuje na njegove osnovne determinišuće i diferencirajuće karakteristike, nakon čega se ukazuje na određene nedoumice u inkriminaciji koje uslovljavaju i probleme u praksi prilikom otkrivanja, a pogotovo prilikom dokazivanja ovih krivičnih dje- la. Poseban aspekt koji determiniše poteškoće jesu i novi oblici zločina iz mržn- je koji se ispoljavaju na internetu. Autor posebno ukazuje na probleme prilikom dokazivanja predrasude mržnje kao specifičnog dokaza kojeg je nužno identifiko- vati kako bi se ,,osnovni delikt“ prepoznao kao zločin iz mržnje. U radu se daju i određene smjernice u odnosu na indikatore zločina iz mržnje, kao i na mogućnosti prevazilaženja konstatovanih ili prejudiciranih problema u pogledu inkriminacije i dokazivanja zločina iz mržnje. Međutim, glavna intencija rada jeste ukazivanje na nužnost relevantnim organima, a prije svega policiji i tužilaštvu, da prepozna- ju ova krivična djela, da shvate njihovu opasnost i ,,prodornost“, a potom i da se posvete prikupljanju dokaza i dokazivanju motiva predrasude.
ОRGANIZOVANI PRIVREDNI KRIMINALITET I MJERE PREVENCIJE
Authors: Pavlović TURKALJ Milica
Published: September 2023

Organizovani kriminalitet spada u jednu od najvećih prijetn- ji savremenoj civilizaciji sa tendencijom stalnog rasta i sa mogućnošću da ugrozi opstanak čovjeka na svaki način. Оva vrsta kriminaliteta višestruko je opasna po ekonomiju, finansijske i privredne sisteme. Naravno, određenim oblicima borbe na nacionalnom i međunarodnom nivou moguće ga je svesti na niži i podnošljiviji nivo, dok je mogućnost potpunog iskorjenjavanja za sada samo to – mogućnost. U radu je ukratko predstavljen pojam organizovanog kriminaliteta, njegova veza sa privrednim tokovima, organizovani kriminalitet u privredi, pojedina krivična djela koja pripadaju sferi privrednog organizovanog kriminaliteta, kao i mjere prevenci- je istog. Takođe, ističemo da je organizovani kriminalitet, a naročito onaj koji spa- da u domen privrednog, veoma ozbiljan, a nedovoljno uočljiv i nepotpuno istražen pojam.
Performance and application analysis of quantum memory
Authors: Wang Yun-Fei , Zhou Ying , Wang Ying , Yan Hui , Zhu Shi-Liang ,   Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China,   Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China,   Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Published: September 2023

Light is the best carrier of information in quantum network. By exploring the interaction of light with matter, quantum memory technology can be further developed. Quantum memory can simultaneously receive and obtain optical quantum information on demand, which is the basis for establishing large-scale quantum computing and long-distance quantum communication. However, the performance of quantum memory directly affects its practical application process and the progress of quantum information technology. In the past two decades, quantum memory in various physical systems and quantum information protocols has been intensively studied, its performance has been significantly improved, and its relevant applications have been widely demonstrated. In this paper, we firstly sort the research progress of quantum memory metrics in the past ten years, and discuss the development of efficiency, lifetime, fidelity and mode capacity in detail according to the characteristics of cold atom systems and solid-state doped ion crystal systems. Secondly, the recent typical applications of quantum memory in quantum entanglement, memory-enhanced multi-photon processes, and quantum interference of different particles are introduced. Finally, the future development of quantum storage is prospected and summarized.
FOXP2 confers oncogenic effects in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhu Xiaoquan , Chen Chao , Wei Dong , Xu Yong , Liang Siying , Jia Wenlong , Li Jian , Qu Yanchun , Zhai Jianpo , Zhang Yaoguang , Wu Pengjie , Hao Qiang , Zhang Linlin , Zhang Wei , Yang Xinyu , Pan Lin , Qi Ruomei , Li Yao , Wang Feiliang , Yi Rui , Yang Ze , Wang Jianye , Zhao Yanyang
Published: September 2023

Identification oncogenes is fundamental to revealing the molecular basis of cancer. Here, we found that FOXP2 is overexpressed in human prostate cancer cells and prostate tumors, but its expression is absent in normal prostate epithelial cells and low in benign prostatic hyperplasia. FOXP2 is a FOX transcription factor family member and tightly associated with vocal development. To date, little is known regarding the link of FOXP2 to prostate cancer. We observed that high FOXP2 expression and frequent amplification are significantly associated with high Gleason score. Ectopic expression of FOXP2 induces malignant transformation of mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts and human prostate epithelial cell RWPE-1. Conversely, FOXP2 knockdown suppresses the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Transgenic overexpression of FOXP2 in the mouse prostate causes prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Overexpression of FOXP2 aberrantly activates oncogenic MET signaling and inhibition of MET signaling effectively reverts the FOXP2-induced oncogenic phenotype. CUT&Tag assay identified FOXP2-binding sites located in MET and its associated gene HGF. Additionally, the novel recurrent FOXP2-CPED1 fusion identified in prostate tumors results in high expression of truncated FOXP2, which exhibit a similar capacity for malignant transformation. Together, our data indicate that FOXP2 is involved in tumorigenicity of prostate.
Dissecting the phase separation and oligomerization activities of the carboxysome positioning protein McdB
Authors: Basalla Joseph L , Mak Claudia A , Byrne Jordan A , Ghalmi Maria , Hoang Y , Vecchiarelli Anthony G
Published: September 2023

Across bacteria, protein-based organelles called bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) encapsulate key enzymes to regulate their activities. The model BMC is the carboxysome that encapsulates enzymes for CO2 fixation to increase efficiency and is found in many autotrophic bacteria, such as cyanobacteria. Despite their importance in the global carbon cycle, little is known about how carboxysomes are spatially regulated. We recently identified the two-factor system required for the maintenance of carboxysome distribution (McdAB). McdA drives the equal spacing of carboxysomes via interactions with McdB, which associates with carboxysomes. McdA is a ParA/MinD ATPase, a protein family well studied in positioning diverse cellular structures in bacteria. However, the adaptor proteins like McdB that connect these ATPases to their cargos are extremely diverse. In fact, McdB represents a completely unstudied class of proteins. Despite the diversity, many adaptor proteins undergo phase separation, but functional roles remain unclear. Here, we define the domain architecture of McdB from the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, and dissect its mode of biomolecular condensate formation. We identify an N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) that modulates condensate solubility, a central coiled-coil dimerizing domain that drives condensate formation, and a C-terminal domain that trimerizes McdB dimers and provides increased valency for condensate formation. We then identify critical basic residues in the IDR, which we mutate to glutamines to solubilize condensates. Finally, we find that a condensate-defective mutant of McdB has altered association with carboxysomes and influences carboxysome enzyme content. The results have broad implications for understanding spatial organization of BMCs and the molecular grammar of protein condensates.
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging reveals light-induced brain asymmetry in embryo
Authors: Lorenzi Elena , Tambalo Stefano , Vallortigara Giorgio , Bifone Angelo
Published: September 2023

The idea that sensory stimulation to the embryo (in utero or in ovo) may be crucial for brain development is widespread. Unfortunately, up to now evidence was only indirect because mapping of embryonic brain activity in vivo is challenging. Here, we applied for the first time manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI), a functional imaging method, to the eggs of domestic chicks. We revealed light-induced brain asymmetry by comparing embryonic brain activity in vivo of eggs that were stimulated by light or maintained in the darkness. Our protocol paves the way to investigation of the effects of a variety of sensory stimulations on brain activity in embryo.
SUMOylation of Bonus, the Drosophila homolog of Transcription Intermediary Factor 1, safeguards germline identity by recruiting repressive chromatin complexes to silence tissue-specific genes
Authors: Godneeva Baira , Ninova Maria , Fejes-Toth Katalin , Aravin Alexei
Published: September 2023

The conserved family of Transcription Intermediary Factors (TIF1) proteins consists of key transcriptional regulators that control transcription of target genes by modulating chromatin state. Unlike mammals that have four TIF1 members, Drosophila only encodes one member of the family, Bonus. Bonus has been implicated in embryonic development and organogenesis and shown to regulate several signaling pathways, however, its targets and mechanism of action remained poorly understood. We found that knockdown of Bonus in early oogenesis results in severe defects in ovarian development and in ectopic expression of genes that are normally repressed in the germline, demonstrating its essential function in the ovary. Recruitment of Bonus to chromatin leads to silencing associated with accumulation of the repressive H3K9me3 mark. We show that Bonus associates with the histone methyltransferase SetDB1 and the chromatin remodeler NuRD and depletion of either component releases Bonus-induced repression. We further established that Bonus is SUMOylated at a single site at its N-terminus that is conserved among insects and this modification is indispensable for Bonus’s repressive activity. SUMOylation influences Bonus’s subnuclear localization, its association with chromatin and interaction with SetDB1. Finally, we showed that Bonus SUMOylation is mediated by the SUMO E3-ligase Su(var)2–10, revealing that although SUMOylation of TIF1 proteins is conserved between insects and mammals, both the mechanism and specific site of modification is different in the two taxa. Together, our work identified Bonus as a regulator of tissue-specific gene expression and revealed the importance of SUMOylation as a regulator of complex formation in the context of transcriptional repression.
Prediction of the nutritive value of whole plants and morphological fractions of forage sunflower by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and empirical equations
Authors:   Centro de Investigacións agrarias de Mabegondo AGACAL - Xunta de Galicia A Coruña España Spain, Pereira-Crespo Sonia , Botana Adrián ,   Centro de Investigacións agrarias de Mabegondo AGACAL - Xunta de Galicia A Coruña España Spain, Veiga Marcos ,   Centro de Investigacións agrarias de Mabegondo AGACAL - Xunta de Galicia A Coruña España Spain, González Laura ,   Centro de Investigacións agrarias de Mabegondo AGACAL - Xunta de Galicia A Coruña España Spain, Resch César ,   Centro de Investigacións agrarias de Mabegondo AGACAL - Xunta de Galicia A Coruña España Spain, Lorenzana Roberto ,   Centro de Investigacións agrarias de Mabegondo AGACAL - Xunta de Galicia A Coruña España Spain, Martínez-Diz María del Pilar ,   Centro de Investigacións agrarias de Mabegondo AGACAL - Xunta de Galicia A Coruña España Spain, Plata-Reyes Dalia Andrea ,   Centro de Investigacións agrarias de Mabegondo AGACAL - Xunta de Galicia A Coruña España Spain, Flores-Calvete Gonzalo ,   Centro de Investigacións agrarias de Mabegondo AGACAL - Xunta de Galicia A Coruña España Spain
Published: September 2023

This technical note sought to examine the ability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the chemical content and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of whole plants and the morphological components of forage sunflower. Empirical models for the prediction of OMD values from chemical components were developed, and their predictive ability vs. NIRS models was assessed. The total set of samples (n=147) was composed of whole plants (n=14) and morphological components (n=133) from different experiments performed at Galicia (Spain) and were scanned using a Foss NIR System 6500 instrument. The reference values of OMD corresponded to in vitro determinations (n=112 samples) from laboratory incubation tests using rumen fluid. The predictive capacity of the NIRS models was assessed by the coefficient of determination value in external validation (r2 ), showing good to excellent quality prediction of OMD and chemical components with values of r2 ≥0.88. However, the estimation of lignin did not show predictive utility (r2 =0.40). Using the NIRS models to predict the OMD of whole plants and morphological components of forage sunflower led to a decrease in the standard error in external validation, in contrast to the best empirical equation through the chemical components of samples (from ±8.25 to ±3.23%). This technical note showed that NIRS is a suitable technology, providing a rapid assessment of forage sunflower. However, these results should be considered preliminary, as they are based on a limited number of samples, and it is desirable to improve the performance of NIRS equations by increasing the dataset in future works.
Perception and Attitude of Nigerian Athletes towards Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Onyeaso Adedamola O. , Woji-Nyeche Smith O. , Woji-Nyeche Chibuotam O. , Onyeaso Chukwudi O.
Published: September 2023

Background/Objective: Effective practice of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) will depend to a good extent on the perception and attitude of a population towards this life-saving technique. This study aimed at assessing the perception and attitude of Nigerian athletes towards this important procedure.

Methods: A questionnaire-based national cross-sectional survey of Nigerian athletes was carried out during the 21st National Sports Festival (NSF) in Delta State, Nigeria, which continued after the festival in the various locations of the athletes in the country. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 25 and descriptive and chi-square statistics, as well as one sample t test were employed with significance level set at P < .05.

Results: In all, 419 athletes were involved in the study - 278 (66.3%) males and 141(33.7%) females with age range of 11- 49 years and mean age of 23.43 + 5.66 (SD). The participants significantly had positive perception of (P < .000) and attitude towards bystander CPR (P < .000), which did not vary significantly with respect to their participation in contact or non-contact sports (P > .05).

Conclusion/Recommendation: The Nigerian athletes showed encouraging positive perception of bystander CPR and attitude towards it. Nigerian Governments should actively support the establishment of sustainable programmes for teaching and training of athletes in bystander CPR
Time Series Modeling of Monetary Value from Kenya’s Horticultural Export Produce
Authors: Michael Musyoki , David Alilah , David Angwenyi
Published: September 2023

Kenya’s horticulture sector is one of the key contributors to the country’s national income. In this paper, we apply Box-Jenkins SARIMA time series modeling approach to develop a time series model that best describes the income to Kenya’s economy from the export of horticulture produce. In the process of analysis, we considered monthly data from August 1998 to March 2023. It was found that, SARIMA(3; 1; 4)(0; 1; 0)12 is the suitable model that describes the income from the export of Kenya’s horticulture produce.
Examining the Efficacy of Break for Time Series Components (BFTSC) and Group for Time Series Components (GFTSC) with Volatile Simulated and Empirical Data
Authors: Oloruntoba Ajare Emmanuel , Adekunle Adefabi , Abiodun Adeyemo
Published: September 2023

The main reason for this study is to know the performance of BFTSC (Break for Time Series Components) and GFTSC (Group for Time Series Components) in identification of time series components using volatile simulated and empirical data. BFTSC was created to capture the trend, seasonal, cyclical and irregular components and presented them in a time series plot. While GFTSC was designed to capture all the four time series components together with the equations that produces each components of time series. BFAST (Break for Additive, Seasonal and Trend) only identifies trend and seasonal components while considering all other left over components as random, identification of trend and seasonal components alone is not enough to have a clear image of all the time series components in a time series data. Performance through evaluation using low and high volatile simulated and empirical data was conducted to evaluate the performance of both techniques. For yearly sample size of 8, 16 and 24 years were for small medium and large sample size. For the monthly data, 48, 96 and 144 months were used as small, medium and large sample size. Each of the sample size was replicated 100 times each. Finally, GFTSC and BFTSC performance was very good for large sample size with linear trend for both monthly and yearly data (approximately 100%). While the performance drops with highly volatile data such as trend with curve trend line (such as quadratic and cubic). These findings indicate that BFTSC and GFTSC can provide a better alternative to manual technique and BFAST for data associated with linear trend, hence BFTSC and GFTSC are recommended for public.
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Spices against Potential Probiotic Bacteria Isolated from Raw Sheep Milk
Authors: Rajput Kamni , Chauhan Bharti , Dubey Ramesh Chandra , Kumar Pankaj
Published: September 2023

Probiotics have several beneficial effects for human health. These probiotic bacteria in the human gut prevent harmful bacteria from adhering to the intestinal mucosa. Some studies report that the secondary metabolites of spices have an effect on common pathogenic bacteria, but their impact on beneficial probiotic bacteria is still not entirely understood. In this view, the present study aimed at the isolation of probiotic microorganisms from sheep milk, the screening of these organisms for a few probiotic characterizations, and an evaluation of the effect of several spices on the development of probiotic bacteria. A total of 26 bacterial strains were isolated from raw sheep milk samples. Five goat isolates, SMH12, SMH15, SMB16, SMB24, and SMB26, displayed acid and bile resistance, responses to simulated stomach and duodenum passage, and antibiotic susceptibility. An antibacterial activity study of these potential probiotic bacterial isolates revealed that bacterial isolate SMB16 was more effective at inhibiting the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, viz., Escherichia coli (MTCC118), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC7443), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC424), Listeria monocytogenes (MTCC657), and Salmonella typhimurium (MTCC733). Screening of the antimicrobial activity of different spices, such as garlic (Allium sativum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and onion (Allium cepa), against selected probiotic bacterial isolates. The bacterial isolate SMB16 was tolerant of these spices, while other isolates were sensitive. This strain, SMB16, was identified as Enterococcus hirae by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.
Impact of El-Nino and La-Nina Episodes on Rainfall Variability and Crop Yield
Authors: Lal Devi , Singh Sompal
Published: September 2023

El Nino and La Nina events have an impact on the Indian monsoon in terms of less rainfall than average and more rainfall in La Nina years. El-Nino events are more likely to see rainfall variability during the monsoon and depressions over the Bay of Bengal (July-August). ENSO is a disruption in ocean surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation over the Pacific Ocean leading to wide spread changes in rainfall/precipitation regimes around the world. El Nino years' effects on crop production in India as a result of lower rainfall during the south-west monsoon. In the kharif season (June to September), crops suffer from moisture and have lower yields in El-Nino years, but the opposite in La-Nina years. The El Nino is associate with the possibility of drought like situation at many occasions and La Nina is the opposite of El-Nino events.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Depression: A Mini Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence
Authors: Thornton Owen R.
Published: September 2023

Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder that significantly impacts millions of individuals worldwide. Despite advances in our understanding of its neurobiological underpinnings, treatment options remain limited, and not all patients respond adequately to available therapies. Emerging evidence has implicated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a critical regulator of neuronal plasticity, in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. This review examines the role of BDNF in the brain, its relationship to depression in preclinical and clinical studies, and its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. We discuss the impact of various antidepressant treatments on BDNF, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Finally, we address the challenges and future directions in targeting BDNF for depression treatment. By deepening our understanding of BDNF and its relationship with depression, we can move towards more effective and personalized interventions for this debilitating disorder.
Biomimicry Kinetic Facade as Renewable Energy
Authors: Wayne Bram Michael , Mintorogo Danny Santoso , Arifin Lilianny Sigit
Published: September 2023

This article is an alternative research design for sustainable energy in high rise building through wind kinetic facade. This research purpose is to open the mindset of sustainable energy and to seek an alternative design for renewable energy facade through the wind while rising the diversity of building environments by sound in its process. In the modern city, the existence of energy is crucial and energy consumption demand is rising through time. The mindset of renewable energy facade through wind is purposely to support energy consumption. And the absolute existence of wind makes it possible to harvest energy through the day without restrictions, especially in high rise buildings. Sustainable energy is about how a building capable to create energy, reduce energy consumption, and creating environment diversity for human health and well-beingness. The environment elements that perfectly match with renewable energy facade through wind is sound.
Impact of cerebral collateral flow on stroke outcomes after carotid stenting
Authors: Chen Liang‐Ju , Liu Chi‐Kuang , Wang Shih‐Chun , Lin Ta‐Tsung , Ou Yang‐Hao , Lin Chih‐Ming
Published: September 2023

Objective

Internal carotid artery stenosis is a main contributor to recurrent ischemic stroke. This study aimed to evaluate associations between recurrent stroke and changes in prestenting flow direction in the primary collaterals or both primary and secondary collaterals, and the potential interaction between extra‐ and intracranial arteries.

Methods

This longitudinal study recruited stroke patients without intracranial stenosis who underwent right‐side carotid stenting between 2011 and 2019. The main study outcome was recurrent stroke. Predictive factors were anterior circulation flow direction change (ACFDC), posterior circulation flow direction change, and reversal of ophthalmic artery/leptomeningeal anastomosis (ROALA) detected by transcranial color‐coded duplex (TCCD) before carotid stenting. Patient follow‐up was 9 years. Risk factors for recurrent stroke were identified by Kaplan–Meier plot and Cox regression analyses.

Results

A total of 234 patients (mean age 70.88 ± 10.3 years, 86.32% male) were included, and 115 had recurrent stroke. Kaplan–Meier plot showed that patients with left ACFDC and ROALA had worse outcomes than those with ACFDC only, while patients with left ACFDC had worse outcome than those with right ACFDC (both p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that recurrent stoke was associated with ACFDC at right (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 20.988 [2.549–172.790], p < 0.01), left (151.441 [20.100–1140.993], p < 0.001), and both sides (144.889 [19.089–1099.710], p < 0.001).

Interpretation

Anterior circulation flow direction change is significantly associated with recurrent stroke in patients with unilateral carotid stenosis. Patients with ACFDC and ROALA together have worse outcomes compared to those with ACFDC only. Prestenting TCCD images help provide definitive information to predict outcomes after carotid stenting.
Changes in Patterns of Use of Advanced Therapies Following Emerging Data About Adverse Events in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis From the Veterans Affairs Health System
Authors: Jeong Stephanie , George Michael D. , Mikuls Ted R. , England Bryant R. , Sauer Brian , Cannon Grant W. , Baker Joshua F.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To determine whether prescribing practices for Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), and non‐TNFi biologic agents changed after the results of the Oral Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial (ORAL) Surveillance trial were released in January 2021.

Methods

This is a retrospective study in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving advanced therapies within the Veterans Affairs Health System from January 2012 through September 2022. Eligible patients were required to have at least one diagnosis code for RA and to have received a biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug or JAKi. Treatment courses were defined from pharmacy dispensing data and the number of new courses of each advanced therapy was quantified over time. We assessed changes in the use of each therapy before and after the release of safety data (January 2021).

Results

A total of 88,253 individual drug courses (in 34,656 unique patients) were included in the study. There was a consistent increase in the number and proportion of new courses of JAKi leading up to January 2021, which was followed by a significant net decrease in JAKi use through September 2022. There was significantly less tofacitinib use after the release of safety data, with a significant difference in the slope of change in use with time. In contrast, whereas TNFi use declined leading up to 2021, its use significantly increased after January 2021.

Conclusion

Changes in prescribing in response to new evidence emphasize the impact that safety trials have on prescribing practices. Ongoing study in this area, with attention to specific patient characteristics and risk profiles, will help characterize these changes in practice.
Higher 13‐Gene‐Estimated TMB Detected from Plasma ctDNA is Associated with Worse Outcome for T‐Cell Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Chen Cunte , Huang Ling , Chen Zheng , Ou Qiuxiang , Liu Sichu , Jiang Xinmiao , Chen Feili , Wei Xiaojuan , Guo Hanguo , Shao Yang , Zeng Chengwu , Li Yangqiu , Li Wenyu
Published: September 2023

Exome sequencing of in situ tumor samples reveals that mutated genes can predict the prognosis of patients with T‐cell lymphoma (TCL). However, how tumor mutation burden (TMB) derived from circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may stratify TCL patients remains unclear.The plasma ctDNA of 79 newly diagnosed TCL patients from the clinical center is used for targeted exome sequencing, and the exome data of 4035 TCL patients from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database is obtained for comparison analysis.TCL patients with higher TMB, as evaluated with a panel of 120 genes (panel‐TMB120), are associated with poor prognosis. More importantly, COX regression analysis identifies a subset of 13 genes in panel‐TMB120, including AP3B1 (Adaptor related protein complex 3 subunit beta 1), ATM (Ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated), BCL6 (B cell lymphoma 6), BRAF (B‐Raf proto‐oncogene, serine/threonine kinase), CDKN2B (Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B), EPCAM (Epithelial cell adhesion molecule), FBXO11 (F‐box protein 11), JAK1 (Janus kinase 1), MDM2 (Murine double minute 2), NF1 (Neurofibromin 1), STAT5B (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B), STAT6 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6), and TET2 (Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2), which are significantly associated with prognosis. Specifically, higher TMB values calculated with these 13 genes (panel‐TMB13) are able to significantly predict unfavorable prognosis for these patients. Together, panel‐TMB13 and the International Prognostic Index (IPI) are used for risk stratification.Panel‐TMB13 is identified, which can predict poor prognosis for TCL patients carrying higher panel‐TMB13 scores and suggest that panel‐TMB13 may be a potential biomarker for supplement risk stratification of TCL patients.
Environment‐Adaptive Meta‐Channel
Authors: He Pei Hang , Zhang Hao Chi , Fan Yi , Niu Ling Yun , Liu Che , Bao Jianghan , Zhang Le Peng , Li Baiyu , Lu Zukun , Liu Shuo , Tang Wenxuan , Cui Tie Jun
Published: September 2023

The fundamental transmission channels of smart wearable devices and systems should support function reconfiguration and environment cognition or self‐adaption. Here, a environment‐adaptive meta‐channel (EAMC) is proposed that is adaptive to the near‐field environment. Benefiting from the capability to manipulate environment‐wave interactions, EAMC can cognize the near‐field environment impurities with subwavelength resolution, in which different impurities can be distinguished and located accurately with the aid of machine learning method. Thus, EAMC can adapt itself to varying environment so that its customized function is stabilized. For instance, EAMC is used as a communication modulator to adapt to different dielectric impurities and human body contacts dynamically. The quality of transmitted picture signals with impurities will deteriorate seriously but can be repaired efficiently as the self‐adaptive process of EAMC is used. Hence, the proposed EAMC could be a candidate for fundamental transmission channels for future smart wearable devices and systems.
In Situ Detection of Neuroinflammation Using Multicellular 3D Neurovascular‐Unit‐on‐a‐Chip
Authors: Choi Jin‐Ha , Choi Hye Kyu , Lee Ki‐Bum
Published: September 2023

The human neurovascular system is a complex network of blood vessels and brain cells that is essential to the proper functioning of the brain. Researchers have become increasingly interested in the system for developing drugs to treat neuroinflammation. Currently, creating neurovascular models begins with animal models, followed by testing on humans in clinical trials. However, the high number of medication failures that pass through animal testing indicates that animal models do not always reflect the outcome of human clinical trials. To overcome the challenges of the issues with animal models, a neurovascular‐unit‐on‐a‐chip system is developed to accurately replicate the in vivo human neurovascular microenvironment. By replicating the human neurovascular unit, a more accurate representation of human physiology can be achieved compared to animal models. The ability to detect proinflammatory cytokines in situ and monitor physiological changes can provide an invaluable tool for evaluating the efficacy and safety of drugs. Using nanosized graphene oxide for in situ detection of inflammatory responses is an innovative approach that can advance the field of neuroinflammation research. Overall, the developed neuroinflammation‐on‐a‐chip system has the potential to provide a more efficient and effective method for developing drugs for treating neurodegenerative diseases and other central nervous system diseases.
Rapid Construction of 3D Biomimetic Capillary Networks with Complex Morphology Using Dynamic Holographic Processing
Authors: Song Bowen , Wang Chaowei , Fan Shengying , Zhang Leran , Zhang Chenchu , Xiong Wei , Hu Yanlei , Chu Jiaru , Wu Dong , Li Jiawen
Published: September 2023

Microvascular networks (MVNs) are crucial transportation systems in living creatures for nutrient distribution, fluid flow, energy transportation and so on. However, artificial manufacturing of MVNs, especially capillary networks with diameters (average 6 ≈ 9 µm), has always been a problem and bottleneck in tissue engineering due to the lack of efficient manufacturing methods. Herein, a dynamic holographic processing method is reported for producing 3D capillary networks with complex biomimetic morphologies. Combining the axial scanning of the focused beam and the dynamic display of holograms, biomimetic bifurcated microtubes, and porous microtubes with programmable morphologies are rapidly produced by two‐photon polymerization (TPP). As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, porous microtubes are used as 3D capillary network scaffolds for culturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to facilitate the exchange of nutrients and metabolites. Endothelial cells around the vascular scaffolds manifest obvious tight connections and 3D coverage after 3 days in vitro, which reveals that the scaffolds play a significant role in the morphology of dense vascularization. This flexible and rapid method of producing capillary networks provides a versatile platform for vascular physiology, tissue regeneration, and other biomedical areas.
Magnetotactic Bacteria‐Derived Mms6 Gene Helps M2 Macrophages to Form Magnetic Bio‐Nanoparticles to Prevent Ferroptosis and Promote Locomotor Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice
Authors: Fu Chunyan , Mao Xingjia , Jin Xiaoqin , Zuo Tong , Zheng Mingzhi , Wang Jingyu , Fan Yunpeng , Xu Lintao , Lou Junsheng , Shi Dongling , Zhong Jinjie , Chen Yingying , Wang Linlin
Published: September 2023

Magnetotactic bacteria are microaerobic microorganisms that take up iron from solution and crystallize magnetite nanoparticles called magnetosomes, enclosed by membrane intracellularly and mainly formed by the magnetosome membrane‐specific 6 (Mms6) gene. M2 macrophages are transfected by magnetotactic bacteria‐derived Mms6 gene to form magnetic bio‐nanoparticles. Under myelin debris‐rich hypoxic stress in the spinal cord injury (SCI) microenvironment, Mms6‐transfected M2 macrophages can antagonize ferroptosis. Meanwhile, transplantation of Mms6‐transfected M2 macrophages into SCI mice through intracerebroventricular or intravenous injection can effectively promote structural repair and locomotor functional recovery. As a proof of concept, this study provides a novel strategy in immune cell therapy, which supports the survival and strengthens the function of M2 macrophages based on magnetic bio‐nanoparticles which help M2 macrophages to resist ferroptosis. This study also sheds light on this cross‐species applications for treating traumatic injury and inflammatory diseases.
Hybrid Liquid–Solid Composite Electrolytes for Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Batteries: Advantages and Limitation
Authors: Lee Hyeongseok , Kim Gahyun , Song Youngjin , Cho Sungjin , Park Soojin
Published: September 2023

All‐solid‐state batteries (SSBs) represent one of the most promising avenues for surpassing the energy density limitations of conventional lithium‐ion batteries. However, the unstable interfacial contact between the solid‐state electrolyte and the electrode poses a critical challenge for practical applications. To tackle this issue, a hybrid system incorporating both liquid electrolytes (LEs) and sulfide solid‐state electrolytes may serve as a viable alternative. In this hybrid system, the LE facilitates the in situ formation of a solid electrolyte interphase layer, thereby enhancing the physical interface contact. Consequently, the electrochemical lifetime of the hybrid all‐SSBs is significantly improved, as evidenced by the stable lithium plating behavior observed through analytical techniques such as in situ X‐ray imaging. Nonetheless, the hybrid system exhibits clear limitations, and several issues that need to be addressed for its practical implementation are identified. In conclusion, potential solutions that could be employed to overcome these challenges are proposed.
An Easily Developed Difunctional Molecule Enabling Highly Efficient and Stable Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Deng Yanyu , Zhang Zhiguo , Ren Guanhua , Li Zhiqi , Liu Chunyu , Guo Wenbin
Published: September 2023

The surface treatment for solution‐processed perovskite films using molecular passivation agents has been reported to be critical for improving the performance of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Generally, most studies emphasized the binding effect between passivation molecules and perovskite surface, while halide perovskites are dominated by multiple defects and need more comprehensive passivation, which is often neglected. Here, a molecule of 5‐ammonium valeric acid trifluoroacetate (5‐AVATFA) with multi‐functional groups is rationally developed to modify the interface of advanced PeLEDs. Combining experimental and density functional theory analysis, the synergism effects of reduced surface defects and increased steric hindrance of 5‐AVATFA, which can greatly suppress the ion migration of PeLEDs, are demonstarated. Because of the passivation effect of multi‐functional 5‐AVATFA, an optimal device with an external quantum efficiency of 22.32%, a radiance of 558.46 W sr−1 m−2, and an extended half‐lifetime of 103.3 h is obtained.
All‐Optically Controlled Retinomorphic Memristor for Image Processing and Stabilization
Authors: Cai Bingqi , Huang Yang , Tang Lingzhi , Wang Tianyu , Wang Chen , Sun Qingqing , Zhang David Wei , Chen Lin
Published: September 2023

Image stabilization is a crucial field in machine vision, aiming to eliminate image blurring or distortion caused by the camera or object jitter. However, traditional image stabilization techniques often suffer from the drawbacks of requiring complex equipment or extensive computing resources, resulting in inefficiencies. In contrast, the human retina performs a highly efficient all‐in‐one system, encompassing the detection and processing of light stimuli. In this study, an all‐optically controlled retinomorphic memristor based on the CsxFAyMA1‐x‐yPb(IzBr1‐z)3 is proposed, which integrates perception, storage, and processing functions. This memristor exhibits significant advantages in image stabilization. It is capable of positively and negatively modulating its conductance using specific intensities (11.8 and 0.9 mW cm−2, respectively) of red light (630 nm). To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, handwritten digit recognition simulations are conducted. The application of specific light stimuli effectively highlights the characteristics of blurred images. The processed images are then fed into a conductance‐mapped neural network for rapid recognition. Remarkably, the recognition rates of the processed images reach 83.5% after 19 000 iterations, surpassing the performance of blurred images (only 56.2% after 19 000 iterations). These results highlight the immense potential of retinomorphic memristors as the hardware foundation for next‐generation image stabilization systems.
Highly Efficient Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Perovskite Film with Vertically Graded Bandgap and Organic Grain Boundary Passivation Shells
Authors: Shu Lei , Han Bing , Zhang Qianpeng , Poddar Swapnadeep , Zhang Daquan , Fu Yu , Cao Yang‐Bryan , Ding Yucheng , Zhu Yudong , Lin Yuanjing , Kuang Dai‐Bin , Liao Jin‐Feng , Fan Zhiyong
Published: September 2023

Metal halide perovskite materials have emerged as a promising class of semiconductors for high‐performance optoelectronic applications, particularly for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), due to their high quantum efficiency, facile color tunability, narrow emission line widths, as well as cost‐effectiveness. Despite the great successes on green and red perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of blue PeLEDs still lags far behind that of green and red counterparts. Here, wavelength tunable pure and deep blue PeLEDs with high EQE are presented, achieving 17.5% and 10.8% for emission wavelengths of 472 and 461 nm, respectively. The wavelength tenability and high EQE are attributed to the unique vertically graded bandgaps and grain boundary organic shells in the perovskite films. The results demonstrate a significant performance improvement in blue PeLEDs, provide a novel route to fabricate high‐performance pure and deep blue PeLEDs that can match the performance of the green and red PeLEDs for future lighting and display applications.