bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of the Plant Datura metel Against Ascaridia galli Infection In Birds
Authors: Shlash Shaimaa A. , Hasan Samer A.
Published: August 2023

Objective: The present study was planned to identify the efficacy of Datura metel aqueous seeds extract against Ascaridia galli infection on body weight and some haematological parameters among in vivo in Birds.Methodology: The present study was carried out in advanced zoology laboratory/science college-Kufa university from February,2015 to January,2016. This study was carried out on 70 bird from layer henstype Domestic Pigeons naturally infected with A. galli , after determination LD50 on Ascaridia galli and certain that Datura metel without toxicity where used three groups were concentrations this material by two way the one orally 100 and 300 mg/kg respectively from body weight with Datura metel aqueous seeds extract and leave about other groups as positive control for 21 days.Result: The results showed that Datura metel aqueous seeds extract with concentration (300mg / kg) gave significantly (p<0.05) improving in body weight gain , increasing Hemoglobin values (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV) and determination of Total erythrocyte count (TEC) to weeks (7,14 and 21) days following the concentration (100 mg / kg) which gave same result but lesser than above concentration compared with positive groups control (non-treated).Conclusion: The study proved that gave Datura metel aqueous seeds extract with concentration (300mg / kg) improved studied standers for naturally infested birds with Ascaridia galli after twice orally administration per day for continuous three weeks .Recommendations: Heading to use of medicinal plants for abundance, cheap price, more effective and side effects less.
Isolation and Identification of Salmonella enteritidis using bacteriological and molecular technique from calves with diarrhea in Diwanihyia city
Authors: Saeed Asseel A. , Qaid Khetam. , Falah Saba.
Published: August 2023

Salmonella enteritidis is an important foodborne pathogen that affects the human health by conception  animal products and it was  considered as a worldwide public health hazard. This study was conduct to investigated the prevalence  of  S. enteritidis, in calves with diarrhea  in farm of AL- Diwanihyia city basis of molecular properties of this bacterium .  A total of 91 samples were collected from December 2013 to May 2014, in different farms in the al Diwanihyia  city . the pathogen    was isolated by  using microbiological and biochemical tests. the  DNA extraction was done  by genomic DNA kit according to the manufacturer’s instruction (USA) and PCR was performed via the specific primers of SefA- -F and SeA-R of the SefA gene. Amplified fragments of the 210 bp were observed in 12 of the total 91 stool samples  isolates. This study recommends that the identification of these pathogens by PCR technique can be replaced with traditional bacteriological tools. The PCR method is a rapid approach for recognizing and identifying the S. enteritidis infections in diarrheic calves.
The protective impact of vitamin E against atenolol effect on Ca+2, Testosteron and FSH in male rats
Authors: Abbas Safa M. , Khalil Luma W.
Published: August 2023

Background and objective: Atenolol is β1-selective antagonist nonetheless this selectivity is not absolute and at higher dosages atenolol represses β-2 Adrenoceptors mainly located in bronchial and vascular musculature, alsoβ-blocker atenolol effects on testosterone and FSH production. Therefore ,this study was designed to investigate the possible protective effect of vitamin E on reproductive efficiency in male rats exposed to atenolol. Materials and methods:Thirty-two healthy adult males Wistar rats at random divided into four equal groups and treatment for 56 days as follows:-First group (control):Animals in this group received tap water and served as control.Second group (group T1):Animal in this group will be receive atenolol orally at dose (100mg/kg/day).Third group (group T2):Animal in this group will be receive Vit.E (800IU /B.W.) orally and Fourth group (group T3):Animal in this group will be receive Vit.E (800IU/B.W.) and atenolol at dose (100mg/kg/B.W.) orally. Results: serum level of serum testosterone in control group was 1.51±0.21 ng/ml, and it significantly decreased in atenolol treated group (0.74±0.008 ng/ml),.Serum level of FSH in the control group was (4.87±0.03 mIU /ml) while it significantly reduced in atenolol treated group (2.69±0.15mIU/ml), also the results showed that atenolol was a significantly decrease the Ca+2 concentration to (1.20 ± 0.15 mg/dl) in contrast to control group.Conclusion: Vitamin E improve significantly the levels of serum FSH and testosterone in in atenolol treated rats.
Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in human and sheep in Al-Diwaniyah province by Real Time- PCR
Authors: AL-Hamdawee Khetam Qaid , Aaiz Noaman Naji , Wadai Ghasoun Mohammed-Ali
Published: August 2023

Background: Iraq is agricultural country, but the important aspect of livestock shown by most of the studies conducted in previous years, which dealt with Q fever infection in animals ( cattle, sheep and goat ) strikingly. Q fever it is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burentii .Material and methods: One hundred and five (105), human samples used in the study were (50) (22 sputum/28 bronchial-alveolar lavage) collected from Teaching Hospital and Center Pulmonology and Respiratory Specialist in Al-Diwaniyah. Collected sheep samples were (55) Sample (28 nasopharyngeal swabs and 27 bronchial fluids) from the slaughterhouse of Al-Diwaniya during January – august 2016. All samples were collected from peoples & sheep that suffer from clear respiratory signs. By using Sybr Green Real Time- PCR technique the samples tested directly.Results: showed that the infection incidence in humans (16%) and in sheep (38.181%), the study proved that there were a significant differences at the site of infection in the respiratory tract (URT& LRT) for humans and sheep alike, as well as in terms of age groups and gender.Conclusions: Q fever is a serious disease circulating between peoples in Al-Diwaniyah city and clearly defined risk groups: people with respiratory infection, heart and vascular disease, immunosuppressed patients and distributed in sheep that have respiratory disorder. Real Time –PCR is a potential tool to diagnosis of C. burnetii in humans and animals, because of its rapid and sensitive detection.
The Effects of Ethanolic Extracts Roots of Zingiber officinale and Leaves of Eruca sativa Extract on reproduction as compare with Tadalafil on Male Rats
Authors: Al-khayyat Ali A. , Kafi Lubna A. , Al-Shimmary Bassam A. A.
Published: August 2023

Two ethanolic extracts of Eruca Sativa (Rocket) and Zingiber officinale (Ginger) were studied after 42 days of treatment with effective dose (ED), as 200 mg per kg of B.W. for rocket and 400 mg per kg of B.W. for ginger, the results were 100% for fertility index(FI) for the two extracts , and , 60% for Tadalafil and 80% for control group. While, the result of pregnancy index(PI)was 100%, that give life babies after successful mating.
Seropositivity of Equine Viral Arteritis in horses in Iraqi Equestrian club
Authors: Hussein Zaid salah , Abdulrasool Maytham Ihsan , Hatem Abdulameer Abed
Published: August 2023

This study aimed for the detection of the presence of equine viral Arteritis (EVA) infection in horses in Iraq. A hundred and eighty-six blood sample were collected from horses attended to the state clinic in Equestrian club in Baghdad in the period extended from May to November 2014, the samples were transported to the laboratory of clinical pathology in Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine/Baghdad University. Serum samples were submitted to competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (cELISA) for detection of Equine arteritis virus specific antibodies, the study revealed that 1.61%(3 samples) of the examined samples were seropositive to applied test, that may consider the first indication to the presence of infection with EAV in Iraq .
The Cytoprotective Effect of Crocin on Oxaliplatin Treated VERO cell line In Vitro Study
Authors: Abboud Sameer H. , Obied Hamid Naji , Hassan Hassanien F.
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer is a disease characterized by a shifted in the control mechanism that governs cell survival, proliferation and differentiation.There are many types of treatment to the cancer like surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and others. Each of these above treatments has its indication effect and has Sid effect and / or adverse effect. The chemotherapy is one type of this treatment to the cancer that have the indication effect, side effect and adverse effect. There are many type of chemotherapeutic agent that used for this type of cancer one of them it is platinum compound (cisplatin, oxaliplatin and others).There are two types of limitation in the use of these agents one of them is the side effect which is neurotoxicity, Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and etc. and the second one is the resistance of cancer cells to these agents.Aim of the studyTaste the cytoprotection effect of Crocin on oxaliplatin treated VERO cell lineMaterial and methods:-By using the tissue culture techniques which is a newly used techniques to check the cytotoxicity of many compound and the expected mechanism of action these techniques made a good jump in the research in many fieldIn this study we use VERO cell line and after exposure of this cell line firstly to different concentrations of oxaliplatin ( 1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 mg/ml) for 48hr, secondly to different concentrations of Crocin (0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 mg/ ml ) for 48hr. And thirdly to mix concentrations of oxaliplatin and Crocin in 48hr for the VERO cell line and measure the cytotoxicity of these exposures by crystal violet test (C.V. test) to show and compare the effect of these agents specially the Crocin.The oxaliplatin has cytotoxic effect, its inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) in 48hr is (0.031mg/ml) which is the maximum cytotoxic effect in vitro. While the Crocin don’t have cytotoxic effect at this tested concentration and for this cell line. After mixed different concentration of Crocin with different concentration of oxaliplatin the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin reduce significantly.Conclusion:-From our study we can conclude the following:-The Crocin has cytoprotective effect. The Crocin has no anti tumor and anti proliferative activity within these tasted concentration and this cell line
Detection of Salmonella Spp. in milk samples of selected regions of Diyala city
Authors: Hasan Ali Shareef
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to identify milk contamination that produced from dairy cattle with salmonella organisms in different regions of Diyala city. Fresh (unpasteurized) and heat treated (pasteurized) milk samples (n=10) were collected randomly from non-similar five regions of Diyala city that well-known with dairy cattle production particularly local shops and cattle shepherd markets, samples were send to the laboratory for some microbial testing. Special selective media were prepared and cultured with pasteurized and raw unpasteurized milk, the results refered that there were infected milk samples out of 10 fresh unpasteurized milk as the following percentage, 10% Rashdiah, 20% Bani saad, 80% Ghalbiah, 50% Khalis and 20 % Shiftah, while the pasteurized milk samples displayed contamination out of 10 samples as the previous (20% Rashdiah and 10% Ghalbiah), other pasteurized samples regions showed negative results for salmonella in regions of Bani saad, Khalis and Shiftah. We concluded that both heat treated and fresh milk may be unsafe for humankind ingesting if produced under unsanitary conditions or insufficient pasteurization.
Molecular Detection of virulence factor genes in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from human and animals in Diwaniya province
Authors: Neamah Azhar Abdulsada
Published: August 2023

Virulent factors are molecules that produced by pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa that enable it to play a great role in causes of the disease , these virulence factors encoding by virulence genes located in the chromosome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, this study was examined four virulence factors genes included (toxA) that encoding to exotoxin A , (exoS) that encoding to exoenzyme S , outer membrane protein (oprL), and outer membrane lipoprotein I (oprI) that encoding surface protein (lipoprotein) by use PCR technique based using specific primers were design in this study.(50) swab samples were collected from human clinical infection samples from Al-Diwanyia hospital, and (30) milk samples were taken from cattle milk that infected by mastitis from different fields in Al-Diwanyia province. The samples were cultured on selective media and then extracted DNA followed by PCR technique to detect the virulence genes. The results were shown a clear difference in isolation of P. areuginosa isolates from human and animal source. Where, in human the percentage of P. areuginosa in wound was (42.8%),in the burn was (70%) , and Otitis media was (68.7%), while, in cattle the percentage of P.aeruginosa in milk was (26.6%); Where percentage of ToxA genes was (100%) in the wound and cow milk; and it was (92.8%) and (81.8%) in burn and Otitis media respectively. while , exoA gene were (66%) , (57.1%), (45.4%) and (75%) while were oprL gene was (50%) ,(50%) , (54.5%) and (50%) , oprI were (66%) ,(42.8%) , (54.5%) and (50%) in Wound , Burn, Otitis media , Cattle milk isolates respectively .In conclusion,use of PCR technique which given high specific and accurate results for detection of virulence factors genes in P.aeruginosa isolates that responsible for cause in disease in human and animals.
Molecular detection of Stx1 and Stx2 genes in E.Coli O157:H7 isolated from Cow's and Buffalo's soft cheese samples inBabylon Province, using Multiplex PCR technique.
Authors: Najim Najm Hadi , AL-Isawi Amer Jebur Obayes
Published: August 2023

Colonies of E.Coli O157:H7 were isolated from 80 locally produced Cow's and Buffalo's soft cheese samples that were collected randomly at weekly intervals (5 samples/ week) from various retail markets in different locations of babylon province during two climatic periods(40 samples /species/season) where the first periad was extended from the begining of December 2015 to the end of February 2016 while the second period was extended from the begining of July to the end of September 2016.The identification of E.Coli O157:H7 isolates were confirmed based on their cultural, biochemical and seralogical characteristics using the commercial latex agglutination test kit and by duplex PCR technique. Data revealed that there was a significant (P≤ 0.05) seasonal variation in the prevalence of E.Coli O157:H7 where all Cow's and Buffalo's soft cheese samples had significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher prevalence of E.Coli O157:H7 in summer season (50% and 40% respectively) than in winter season (25% and 15% respectively).It was found that all of the 80 bovine soft cheese samples had significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of E.Coli O157:H7 in summer (45%) than in winter (20%) seasons.The results of the diagnosis of E.coli O157:H7 were confirmed by PCR assay which showed that,six culturing isolates serotype E.coli O157:H7 were postive by PCR assay and five of these isolates expressed gene of Stx1 whearse one isolate expressed gene of Stx2 .
Efficiency of Dietary Turmeric on Growth Performance, Hematology and Survival Rate in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio Challenged with Flexibacter columnaris
Authors: Al-Faragi Jamal K. , Hassan Mohsen Abdul Hussain
Published: August 2023

The present study was carried out to assess the effect of turmeric (curcoma longa) supplemented diet on growth performance, hematology and survival rate of Cyprinus carpio L. against the pathogenic bacteria Flexibacter columnaris. For this purpose, 180 common carp were used, 60 fish were used to determine LD50 and 120 fish were weighed and randomly distributed into six treatments (two replications for each treatment). Fish groups were fed six dissimilar diets up to 45 days, the first group was fed with 0.25% turmeric, the second group was fed supplemented with 0.5% turmeric, the third group was supplemented with 0.75% turmeric, the forth group was fed with 1% turmeric, the fifth group was supplemented with 1.25 % turmeric and the sixth group was served as the control group fed basal diet without supplementing with turmeric. After 45 days of feeding trail all fish in experimental groups were challenged intramuscularly with 0.2 ml F. columnaris at a concentration of 120 × 106 CFU/ml. after 45 day of feeding trail and post challenge the different parameters were determined including: growth performance, hematological parameters (WBC and RBC count, Hb content and PCV value) and survival rate were also determined. The obtained results showed that T5 was the best treatment followed by T4, T3, T2 and T1 respectively, which revealed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in comparison with the control group in all growth performance parameters (final weight, daily gain, SGR(%), relative growth rate, FCR and FCE%). RBC, HB and PCV% after 45 and 60 days (pre and post challenged with F. columnaris) revealed significant differences (P<0.05) in all experimental groups relative to the control group. In conclusion, our findings indicate that turmeric powder has improved the growth rate in C. carpio when challenged with F. columnaris. Also, addition of turmeric t into commercial feeds increased survival rate of carp fish challenged with a bacterial pathogen. This will be worth and useful for application in fish aquaculture.
Diagnosis of parasitic diseases of fish cages (Cyprinus carpio) in the Al furat River Bridge of Mussayab in Babylon province
Authors: Hamzah Jawdhira Abdulhusein , Abdulkarim Mohamed Fawzy , Khaled Marwa
Published: August 2023

77 fish from the common carp has been examined farms of fish (cages) In AL Furat River- Mussaib Babel province Period of four months from January to April. took Samples from the cages to laboratory . Investigate every of gill, skin and fins of fishes inspected by microscope and in second phase direct Samples are prepared from probable lesions. Gills were dissected and its filaments placed in Petri dishes with Glycerin. Have been found total 6 parasites, Two species from protozoa Myxobolus , Trichodina and four species from the monogenetic D. extensus , D.achmerowi, D. minutes, Dactylogyrus vastato The diagnosis by ( 1) .
Detection of E. coli, as a contaminant of minced meat in certain locations of Baqubah city-Diyala Province-Iraq
Authors: Hammadi Raad Jabbar
Published: August 2023

This survey investigated the prevalence of Escherichia coli (E.coli)in raw minced beef meat collected from different areas of Baqubah city in Diyala Province for detection of contamination with E.coli. A(90) samples were collected at (10)samples from each area in Baqubah city.and different dilutions were made for each one (10-1 , 10-2 , 10-3 ,10-4 ).These sample were pour onto MacConkey Agar and thenstreak onto eosin methylene blue agar(EMB) plates.The results was shown presence of high contamination ratio of the microbial isolation from minced beef meat of E.coli bacteria in different areas of Bagubah city. with positive ( 76.85% ),while negative (23.1%).
Serological Investigation Of Caprine Brucellosis At Saniyah District
Authors: Alrodhan Mohsen
Published: August 2023

Brucellosis is important zoonotic disease in Iraq affect variety species of animals, cattle, sheep goats, camels and horses and transmitted to human being by direct contact with diseased animals or by ingestion of contaminated unpasteurized milk and milk products .The disease characterized by chronic nature and the infection may develop unobserved which lead to local clustering of infected cases. Serological survey was conducted to detect prevalence of brucella antibodies among goats by random selection of 120 animals in two villages at Saniyah out of target population of 848 in 32 villages. Rose Bengal test used for detection of IgM antibodies by using standard Brucella antigen ( Synbiotics,Lyon, France ), indirect ELISA kit ( NovaLisa, Germany) was applied to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goats of studied area, the results of collected serum samples which subjected to RBT & i ELISA were 10.8 % and 12.5 % respectively,the positive results of i ELISA were higher than that of RBT which was significantly differed .The seropositivty in male 20% were higher than female 12.17% with significant difference , while the seroprevalence in relation to age groups were reported in adult animals only 14.4% and 16.6 by using RBT and ELISA respectively and there were no positive results in young ones .In conclusion brucellosis is still spread among goats and host risk factor comprise age and sex in addition to the types of serological test influence the seroprevalence percentage, more attention should be directed towards preventing of caprine brucellosis by application of proper control programs.
Molecular Detection of Some A.hydrophila Toxins and its Antibiotics Resistance Pattern Isolated From Chicken Feces in Thi-Qar Province (Iraq)
Authors: Musa Muslim Dhaher , Ahmed Waffa Abdulelah
Published: August 2023

The high isolation rate of virulent A.hydrophila from chicken represent an important public health concern especially when these bacteria exhibit increased antimicrobial resistance to medically important antibiotics, so this study was conducted to isolate A.hydrophila from chicken feces and investigate the presence of some toxins genes and determine their antibiotics resistance profile. Chicken feces were collected from different regions, throughout Thi-Qar province south of Iraq, in period extended from July 2015 to January 2016. A.hydrophila isolates were identified by morphological, biochemical and API20E. These isolated were subjected to PCR assay for confirmation, targeting 16S RNA-23SRNA Intergenic Spacers Region and for detection of important virulence genes including hemolytic toxin Aerolysin (Aero), Heat labile enterotoxin (Alt) and Heat stable enterotoxin (Ast). Twelve A.hydrophial were isolated and identified to species level among 23 Aeromonas spp isolated from chicken fecal samples with overall incidence rate (52.6%). Screening for virulence genes revealed that 10/12 (83.4%) were positive for Aerolysin ( Aero) gene and 9/12( 75%) for Heat labile enterotoxin (Alt ) gene, while none of these isolates were positive for Heat stable enterotoxin (Ast) gene 0/12(0%).The most prevalent genotype was (Aer+ Alt+ Ast_). Antibiogram against 19 antibiotics revealed that, all isolates in showed absolute susceptibility(100%) to Gentamycin, Oflaxacin, Amikacin, Norfloxacin, Imipnem Ciprofloacin. However, multidrug resistance recorded in all isolates, 2 isolates (16.7%) were resistant to eight antibiotics including , Clindamycin, Cephalothin , Vancomycin, Ticacillin-clavulnoc acid, Ceftazidime, Cefoxitin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethaxazon, Azithromycin ,with multidrug resistance index (0.42) , and 5/12 (41.7%) were resistance to seven antibiotics (58.4%) with MDRI( 0.36), four isolates( 33.4%) were resistant to six antibiotics with MDRI ( 0.31), while only one isolates 1/12(8.4%) were resistant to five antibiotic with MDRI (0.26). The present study showed that detection of pathogenic A.hydrophila harboring important virulence genes Aerolysin and Alt with resistance to many clinically important antibiotics is a good indication that chicken feces constitute important source for pathogenic Ahydrophila infecting human that come in contact with chicken and spread of multidrug resistance organisms in environment .
Molecular detection of haemotropic mycoplasma infection in sheep
Authors: Kshash Qassim Haleem
Published: August 2023

This study was the first report about hemotropic mycoplasmoses in sheep at middle of Iraq as well as the first trail to investigate this infection among ticks .EDTA blood samples were collected from four hundred ( 400 ) Awassi sheep during February –July \2016 ,two hundard ( 200) of sheep clinicallyhad signs of anemia ,weakness ( infected group )and another 200 sheep that clinically healthy( healthy group ) ,all examined sheep were ranked according to gender( male and female ) and to age periods ( less than and more than one year ) and each sub group included 100 sheep , that tested by PCR assay by using specific Mycoplasma ovis primer with 1341 bp that detect infection rates 17.5% which significantly higher in infected group 25.5% than healthy group 7.5% and the yearling sheep was more susceptible to infection 22.5% than adult 12.5% and the infection was higher in female 20.4% than in male 14.5% , the Mycoplasma ovis infection was recorded with higher percentage in July 24.7% while no infection in February will be showed .All blood samples of positivity infected sheep (70 ) were submitted into blood indices analysis which exhibited significant reduction in all blood parameters ( RBCs ,Hb ,PCV ,MCH ,MCHC, platelets ) when compare with group of negativity PCR healthy sheep as control group .The trail to investigate about Mycoplasma ovis in (40) ticks picked up from examined sheep from tail and ear sites with standard parasitological methods by using the same primer of Mycoplasma ovis by PCR , this technique was gave negative result .The conclusion include Mycoplasma ovis infection was registered in Awassi sheep with increasable rate in emaciated ,anemic sheep and so in yearling ,female and warm months of year with haemolytic macrocytic anemia.
Gestational variations in the metabolites of the fetal amniotic fluid and maternal blood serum in Iraqi ewes at different stages of pregnancy
Authors: W.M Jodan, , T.M Al-Hamedawi,
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted on 76 pregnant uteri were collected from 76 slaughter pregnant local Iraqi ewes (in different stages) in the Al-Shulla abattoirs/Baghdad province, the animals were intact in terms of health before slaughter and examined visually the genital tract after slaughter was natural and free from congenital malformations. This study performed from Dec. 2016 to Apr. 2017 , there ages range from 3-5 years. The aspiration of amniotic fluid was performed by using sterile syringe. The content of amniotic fluid which kept in a test tube while the maternal blood serum performed by sterile syringe from jugular vein before slaughter animals and kept in test tube and the serum was isolated after 24 hours from blood collection in -5ºC in refrigerator to determine the metabolites by using kits in spectrophotometer. The outcomes observed that the glucose was recorded significant differences (p˂0.05) in early pregnancy (amniotic fluid) & late pregnancy in maternal blood serum. But the total protein was significant highly(p˂0.05) in late pregnancy in amniotic & maternal blood serum , also urea and uric acid was recorded the same results which resembles of total protein. Finally the cholesterol was recorded non-significant in all stages of pregnancy in amniotic fluid but recorded highly significant (p˂0.05) in early pregnancy compared with late pregnancy in maternal blood serum. The outcomes recorded superior significant (p˂0.05 & p˂0.01) in all metabolites concentration related with maternal blood serum compared with amniotic fluid in different stages of pregnancy . In concluded that they recorded changes in metabolites related with different stages of pregnancy as well as the variations in concentration of metabolites were highly significantly in maternal blood serum compared with amniotic fluid and they considered one method of pregnancy diagnosis
Isolation and identification study of Escherichia coli from buffalo mastitis and Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of its.
Authors: Abdul wahid Nabeel Ahmed , Al atabi Asaad Chasib , Saeed Asseel Abdulrida
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to exam (100) milk samples taken from (25) buffalo within 2-6 years old (clinically mastitic and other non mastitic apparently) in different areas of Al-Najaf  province. The results were showed  36(36% ) mastitic  milk sample as 12 (33.3%) clinical and 24( 66.6%) subclinical mastitis  according to CMT test . Thirty six  bacterial isolates were positive growth on blood agar ,the isolation and identification were diagnosed by classical microbiological and biochemical tests , 10   out of 36 bacterial  isolates were  E.coli. The result of disk diffusion test appeared E.coli isolates were sensitive to tetracycline (70%),Amikacin and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethaxol (60%), Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin (50%),while the E.coli isolates were  resistance  to Cefotaxime and  Ampicillin
Effect of Telmisartan in amelioration inflammatory Responses Induced by Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury IN male Mice
Authors: Hadia Najah Rayish , Yousif Fadhil Ghaly , Zamil Suaad Traiji
Published: August 2023

Background: Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion represents a clinically relevant problem associated with thrombolysis, angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery. Angiotensin II may contribute to reperfusion injury by increasing oxidative stress and inflammatory factors . Ang II exerts most of its effects via AT1Rs. Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes may further be influenced by Ang II.                                                                Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of Telmisartan in amelioration of myocardial I/R injury  induced by ligation of coronary artery in mouse model.                                             Materials & method:  Adult male Swiss-albino mice were randomized into 4 equal groups. Group (1) sham group: Mice underwent the same anesthetic and surgical procedure as the active  control group except ligation of LAD coronary artery.Group( 2) active  control group: Mice were subjected to regional ischemia for 30 min by ligation of  LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours .Group( 3) control vehicle group (1): Mice in this group injected with DMSO (vehicle for Telmisartan ) via IP route  & underwent  Myocardial ischemia for 30 minutes by ligation of (LAD)  coronary artery & reperfusion for 2 hr . Group (4)Telmisartan treated group : Mice pretreated with  Telmisartan 0.5mg/kg i.p 30 minutesbefore ligation of LAD coronary artery.                                                                                                          Results: Compared with the sham group, Levels  of TNF-α & IL-1β, IL-6,caspase 3 and plasma level of  cardiac troponin I increased in control group (p<0.001).Levels of Bcl2 decreased in control group(p<0.001).  Histologically ,All mice in control group showed  a significant (p<0.001) cardiac injury. Telmisartan  significantly counteract the increase in myocardium level of TNF-α, IL-1B,IL-6,caspase 3 ,plasma cTnI (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the Telmisartan significantly increased in  myocardium level  of Bcl2. Histological analysis revealed that both  Telmisartan  markedly reduced (P < 0.001) the severity of cardiac injury in the mice underwent LAD ligation procedure .                                                                                                 Conclusion:The results of the present study reveal that Telmisartan  may ameliorate myocardial I/R injury in Male Mice   via interfering with inflammatory  reactions & apoptosis  which induced by I/R injury .
Study the Rate of Hydatid Cysts, Liver Fluke, Pneumonia and Hepatitis in Al- Najaf Slaughter House, Al-Najaf, Iraq
Authors: Alatabi Asaad chasib , Al-dujaily Ali , Al-mialy Ahmed
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted from first of December 2015 till end of November 2016. Animal slaughters were examined macroscopically to determine the parasitic infection(Hydatid Cyst, Fascioliasis, Lung worms)and another cases of Pneumonia and Hepatitis. The animals which were slaughtered during this study was 94106 Sheep, 23131 Cattle, and 5235 Buffaloes.
    The Percentages of  Hydatid cysts in Sheep was 1.04 % and Liver fluke 0.56%, pneumonia 0.29% and hepatitis was 0.34 % with  increase the  rate in winter 1.33%, 0.87%, 0.54%, and 0.53% respectively while  Lung worms 0.73 % increase the percentage  in Autumn 0.71%.  
      In Cattle, the percentage  of Hydatid Cysts 1.59%, Liver Fluke 0.71%, Lungworm 0.13%, with  increase the  rate in Autumn 5.11%, 2.56%, 0.73% respectively, Hepatitis 0.34% , the highest percentage was in summer 0.32% and pneumonia the highest percentage  was in spring 0.56%.
     The rate of Hydatid In Buffaloes 1.03%, Fiver Flukes 0.61 %,  with  increase the incidence in winter 1.93%, while Lung worms 0.15%, pneumonia 0.31%, hepatitis was 0.14% the highest was in spring 0.25%, 0.41% and 0.49% respectively.
Study of the antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa ethanol extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in culture media
Authors: Yassen Mohammed Abdul  Reda
Published: August 2023

Bacterial infections become a great health problems. The new antimicrobial agents are will reduce this problem. In this study, antimicrobial of activity of extract of Nigella sativa seed that used against Staphylococcus aureus isolates was evaluated. Started with an objective to appraisal the antibacterial potentials of ethanol extract  of Nigella sativa prepared in different concentrations (50, 100,200& 400 mg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus and associated its activity with antibiotic concentration value Ciprofloxacin(5µg), Amoxicillin(25µg) & Penicillin(6µg) by determining the inhibition zone produced around the holes after growth on Muller-Hinton agar .      This results showed activity of antibacterial of the Nigella sativa at different   concentrations  and standard antibiotics exhibited various degrees of zones of inhibition in the culture media depending mainly upon the type of plant extract, concentration of extract in addition to the type of tested bacterial. Nearly all the Nigella sativa extracts were found to have significant activity (p<0.05) against all tested bacteria related with negative control. In the same time the current study was recorded that inhibition zones diameter against examined bacteria raised significantly difference (p<0.05) at extract concentration raised (400 mg / ml ). The MIC values of  ethanolic extracts of Nigella sativa  extended from 0.156 to 0.312 mg/ml against tested bacteria . Whereas the MBC values ranged 1.248 mg/ml
The Ameliorating Effect of Nigella Sativa Seeds against Chlorpyrifos Poisoning in Local Layer Hens
Authors: Khudair Mahasen abdul razzaq
Published: August 2023

The use of pesticides has beneficial control of pests but it causing the damaging pollution to the environment. There are increasing successful efforts to minimize the destroying influence of these chemical on the life of laying hens. Here,   the study was intended to explore the proposed effect of Nigella sativa (NS) seeds on local laying hens that were experimentally exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF) poisoning in Al-Diwaniyah province. A population of 40 hens was randomly recruited as 10 birds per group. T1 group was treated daily (3.42) mg/kg B.W orally with CPF only, T2 group was treated together with 20 mg/kg NS seeds by diet and CPF (3.42) mg/kg B.W orally, T3 group was previously treated with20mg/kg NS by diet for 14 day followed together for 4 weeks by the oral use of CPF and NS by diet at same dose , C the control group no treatment received. The experiment continued for 30 days and followed by submitting blood and tissue samples to biochemical analyses and histopathological examination. In a comparison to the C, the result reveals that T1 had significant increases in Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT )enzymes (P<0.05) with no significant differences in Alkaline phosphatase (AIP) level (P>0.05). T2 and T3 didn’t show any significant differences in the levels of all the liver enzymes (P>0.05) when compared to C. According to the comparison with C, T1 shows high significant differences in the level of Uric Acid, Creatinine, Triglyceride, and Total Protein while T2 reveals significant increases in the levels of Creatinine and Total Protein only (P<0.05). Interestingly, T3 doesn't show any statistical differences when compared to C. Histopathological changes in T1 include necrotic areas and deposition of hemosiderin in the spleen, destruction of the intestinal mucosa, edema and hemorrhage in the lung, degeneration of ciliated columnar epithelium, and proventricular infiltration of inflammatory cells between follicles. T2 shows mild depletion of white pulp and proliferation of red pulp in the spleen, extended and thinner intestinal villi with mild desquamation of epithelial cells with little hemorrhage, and congested with some hemorrhage plus mild thickening of interstitial tissue in the lung. T3 reveals splenic proliferation of white pulp with small and thickened arteriolar walls, proliferation of red pulp, normal extended intestinal villi, and mild congestion with mild alveolar emphysema in the lung. C reveals normal tissue without any changes. The study result comes to enhance the laying hen industries and provide future interests to supply NS as an additional or main part of the ration to prevent the poisoning effects of this chemical.
Immunohistological study of localization of Enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine in the Iraqi buffalo
Authors: Kadhim Abdularazzaq Baqer , Ali Hanaa Kareem , Ibrahim Raad Shaalan
Published: August 2023

a small number of parts of the intestinal tract, which slot in  recreation a vital and main role in the secretion of persuaded hormones that control significant organs of the body. The aim of this study is to look at the site of endocrine cells in small intestine in Iraqi buffalo . The regions anywhere endocrine cells in the intestine layer of the five Iraqi buffalo  examined via using immunohistochemistry process material. Specimens were taken start five animals from the ages ranging from 3-5 years. It was used immunohistochemistry fabric technology and (ChromograinnA), which is a special detector Endocrine intestinal cells, four types of hormones. Immune chemical assessment in the mucous layer duodenum and the presence of hormones, 'glucose insulin tropic polypeptide(GIP)  results showed (GIP) and    cholecystokinin (CCK) glucagon-like peptide2 (GLP-2)'   in epithelial cells collection along the internal axis of the villi, chemical immunological consequences for many of the sections shown note chromogranin A detector chiefly for intestinal endocrine cells, the cells that have hormones (GIP) , glucose insulin tropic polypeptide cholecystokinin(CCK)  and glucagon peptide GLP-1 \ 2)) containing this reagent representative confirm the  site of these cells, a gastric endocrine cells . The attendance of these hormones in the intestine layer   decreases as we move away from the duodenum.
Análise da Paisagem como Subsídio à Criação de Unidade de Conservação no Distrito Federal, Brasil
Authors: Zedes Thayanne Lindsay , Hermuche Potira Meirelles
Published: August 2023

O Distrito Federal possui diversas Unidades de Conservação (UC) instituídas, porém a maioria delas não está implementada, com ausência de gestão efetiva em todas as esferas. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo propor a criação de uma nova UC urbana com base na análise integrada de variáveis da paisagem local. Inicialmente foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica acerca dos planos de gestão territorial com posterior diagnóstico do meio físico a partir de dados morfométricos e uso e cobertura da terra por meio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento para definição das vocações e fragilidades ambientais inerentes aos compartimentos da paisagem. A partir do diagnóstico, foi proposta a poligonal para criação de UC e seu respectivo zoneamento ambiental como subsídio à elaboração posterior de Plano de Manejo. A conclusão aponta para a importância da região como local estratégico, com características ecológicas únicas que necessitam de gestão adequada para serem conservadas em meio à matriz urbana.
Da Geografia das “Relações Homem-meio” à Geografia Ambiental: uma História (e uma “Pré-história”) dos Estudos (Socio)ambientais no PPGG da UFRJ
Authors: Souza Marcelo Lopes de
Published: August 2023

É notório o destaque que o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (PPGG/UFRJ) granjeou, nestes últimos cinquenta anos desde a sua criação, em 1972, no cenário nacional. À primeira vista, um papel proeminente do PPGG pode ser constatado, especialmente, nas subáreas da Geomorfologia, da Geografia Urbana e dos estudos regionais sobre a Amazônia. Um olhar mais atento revelará, entretanto, que, para além disso, uma marca distintiva da Geografia da UFRJ, já desde a fundação do Centro de Pesquisas de Geografia do Brasil (CPGB), três décadas antes da criação do PPGG, sempre foi a forte presença de um estilo de pesquisa que não endossa o fosso entre Geografia Humana e Geografia Física. Com efeito, entre a “pré-história” do programa nos anos 1940, 1950 e 1960 – época dos clássicos estudos regionais sobre as “relações homem-meio” – e o recente protagonismo em torno da proposta de uma “Geografia Ambiental”, o PPGG nunca deixou de comportar, como uma de suas tradições mais arraigadas, o interesse pelo que podemos denominar “objetos deconhecimento híbridos” e o cultivo de uma certa “transversalidade epistêmica”. A despeito das diferenças entre os muitos personagens envolvidos nessa história ao longo das gerações (com suas distintas posições políticas e científicas, idiossincrasias e diferenças de prestígio), e apesar das descontinuidades e dos altos e baixos, a sobrevivência e a atualização dessa tradição – subvalorizada e até mesmo renegada por muitos geógrafos nas últimas quatro décadas – constituem algo notável; mais do que isso, contudo, elas podem ser avaliadas como um verdadeiro trunfo.
Observações sobre a Geografia Agrária no Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia da UFRJ
Authors: Bicalho Ana Maria De Souza Mello
Published: August 2023

Este artigo faz uma breve apresentação de pesquisas agrárias desenvolvidas por professores do Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia da UFRJ. Contextualiza temas investigados no quadro das transformações agrícolas do país no período dos 50 anos de existência do programa. Temáticas investigadas são exemplificadas por publicações dos professores engajados em estudos agrários como também a participação em redes de pesquisa e de cooperação inter-institucional.
Lembranças e Lugares
Authors: Gomes Paulo César Da Costa
Published: August 2023

Os povos pré-colombianos que habitavam as terras andinas, entre eles os Incas, costumavam, nos mitos, associar suas origens a determinados lugares onde teriam surgido os pioneiros e iniciadores de longas linhagens, ancestrais de todos os diferentes povos. Claude Lévi–Strauss chamava esses mitos de “heróis de civilização” uma vez que a eles eram atribuídas inovações e transformações nas instituições sociais.
À Maria do Carmo Correa Galvão da Geografia Brasileira, uma Homenagem
Authors: Silva Augusto César Pinheiro da
Published: August 2023

O relato a seguir não tem nenhuma pretensão acadêmica. Na verdade é uma visão pessoal, temporal, didática e emotiva que homenageia uma das grandes mestras da Geografia brasileira, orientadora e amiga pessoal.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN CLINICAL PATHWAY DALAM PENINGKATAN MUTU PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI RSUD DR. SOEKARDJO KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Sugiarti Ida , Junaedi Fadil Ahmad
Published: August 2023

Clinical pathways are used for quality and cost control in health services in hospitals. A clinical pathway is the main requirement for quality control and cost control, especially in cases that have the potential to spend large resources. Research shows that the application of clinical pathways can reduce the length of stay and hospital costs. The existence of clinical pathways in hospitals is sought to refer to the National Guidelines for Medical Services (PNPK). The existence of clinical pathways at dr. Soekardjo does not all meet these criteria. Community service activities are carried out referring to the lecturer roadmap that has been made. The purpose of the activity is to the availability of clinical pathway forms that can be used in hospitals as needed and the preparation of clinical pathways according to PNPK criteria. The method of activity is in the form of FGD and Assistance in making clinical pathways. The activity was carried out well and agreed on a form that refers to the standards of the Hospital Accreditation Committee. Mentoring activities involve all health workers as users, both doctors, nurses, pharmacists, nutritionists, and PMIK so that the results are expected to be by the needs of the hospital. The results of the activity are in the form of an agreement on the form used and the arrangement of 10 clinical pathways according to the needs of the hospital.
MENCEGAH PENYAKIT MELALUI PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT SERTA PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN OBAT KELUARGA
Authors: Dewi Heni Aguspita , Jundiah R Siti , Suprapti Tuti , Purwanti Purwanti , Sani Dhien Novita
Published: August 2023

Bhakti Kencana University in collaboration with Kutawarinign Village held Community Service through Real Work Lectures (KKN). It is carried out in a hybrid way, namely offline and online with the target community of Kp. Bojong Koneng. Various things are suggested as an effort to increase public understanding regarding Clean and Healthy Life Behavior (PHBS) prevention of diseases by rodents and the use of herbal plants. Several agendas were carried out, including health promotion in the form of counseling on PHBS and Prevention of Diseases caused by rodents and knowledge about Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA). A pretest and post-test were also given to the community with the aim of measuring how far the public's understanding of the material was. Judging from the community's response after the presentation of the material, there was an increase in public knowledge about PHBS prevention of diseases caused by rodents and family medicinal plants.
MUSCULAR ANATOMY OF THE THORAX AND THORACIC LIMB OF Caiman Crocodilus (LINNAEUS, 1758) (CROCODYLIA: ALLIGATORIDAE) BY MEANS OF DIGITAL DISSECTION AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS
Authors: Romão Mariluce Ferreira , Santos André Luiz Quagliatto
Published: August 2023

The Caiman crocodilus , popularly known as alligator , is a species of crocodilian, which has a crest or "forehead" described as "in crescent shape", observed, immediately, dorsal in relation to the eyes, as well as above the dorsal region of the snout, with an ossified crust rostral to the orbicular region. The present study aimed to describe the muscular anatomy of the thorax with emphasis on the thoracoappendicular muscles, and Caiman crocodilus thoracic limb , with the aid of X-Ray (RX), Ultrasonography (US), and detailed manual dissection; identified the thickness of the muscle groups of the thorax and thoracic limb of the Caiman crocodilus , through Ultrasonography, and, at the end, three-dimensional models of the muscular anatomy of the thorax were built, with emphasis on the thoracoappendicular muscles, and the thoracic limb of the Caiman crocodilus , with finalization in three-dimensional PDF. Anatomical descriptions have greatly favored interventions in wild animals, as well as the use of imaging tests such as X-ray and US. In addition, 3D schematic models clarify topographical relationships and highlight muscle depth, for example. In this way, it is possible to identify anatomical differences and intervene in case of diagnoses and prognoses, such as in US, even in real time.