bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of electrode contact area on the information content of the recorded electrogastrograms: An analysis based on Rényi entropy and Teager-Kaiser Energy
Authors: Alagumariappan Paramasivam , Krishnamurthy Kamalanand , Kandiah Sundravadivelu , Ponnuswamy Mannar Jawahar
Published: July 2017

Electrogastrograms (EGG) are electrical signals originating from the digestive system, which are closely correlated with its mechanical activity. Electrogastrography is an efficient non-invasive method for examining the physiological and pathological states of the human digestive system. There are several factors such as fat conductivity, abdominal thickness, change in electrode surface area etc, which affects the quality of the recorded EGG signals. In this work, the effect of variations in the contact area of surface electrodes on the information content of the measured electrogastrograms is analyzed using Rényi entropy and Teager-Kaiser Energy (TKE). Two different circular cutaneous electrodes with approximate contact areas of 201.14 mm2 and 283.64 mm2, have been adopted and EGG signals were acquired using the standard three electrode protocol. Further, the information content of the measured EGG signals were analyzed using the computed values of entropy and energy. Results demonstrate that the information content of the measured EGG signals increases by 6.72% for an increase in the contact area of the surface electrode by 29.09%. Further, it was observed that the average energy increases with increase in the contact surface area. This work appears to be of high clinical significance since the accurate measurement of EGG signals without loss in its information content, is highly useful for the design of diagnostic assistance tools for automated diagnosis and mass screening of digestive disorders.
Cognitive and emotional predictors of episodic and dispositional forgiveness
Authors: Mróz Justyna , Kaleta Kinga
Published: July 2017

The study examined the importance of cognitive (positive orientation, basic hope) and emotional (positive and negative affectivity, emotional control) variables for state and trait forgiveness. One hundred and thirty nine participants completed six inventories in Polish version: HFS (Thompson et al., 2005), TRIM (McCullough et al., 1998), P-Scale (Caprara et al., 2012), BHI-12 (Trzebiński & Zięba, 2003a), SUPIN (Polish version of PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), CECS (Watson & Greer, 1983). Results showed that dispositional forgiveness (general and positive) was associated with cognitive and emotional predictors, whereas episodic forgiveness primarily with certain emotional variables. In addition, the results indicated that emotional predictors merely participate in the process of reducing unforgiveness, whereas cognitive and emotional variables were shown to be necessary for full forgiveness.
Obtaining informed consent from study participants and results of field studies. Methodological problems caused by the literal treatment of codes of ethics
Authors: Grzyb Tomasz
Published: July 2017

The article discusses the issue of the necessity of obtaining informed consent from an individual who is to be a participant in an experiment. Codes of ethics concerning the behaviour of a psychologist fundamentally do not permit conducting experiments without informing their participants in advance that they will be conducted. Meanwhile, the act of obtaining prior consent (and thus of informing the study participant that they will be taking part in an experiment) can have a significant impact on results. The article describes an experiment in the field of social influence psychology during which one group was asked for their informed consent to participate in a study, while the second was simply presented with the main request (to sign a letter to the mayor about reducing the number of parking spaces for the disabled). The results demonstrate the strong influence of awareness that a study is being conducted on the decisions taken in the course of the experiment.
Moving-Time and Moving-Ego Metaphors from a Translational and a Contrastive-Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Brdar Mario , Brdar-Szabó Rita
Published: July 2017

This article is concerned with some cross-linguistic asymmetries in the use of two types of time metaphors, the Moving-Time and the Moving-Ego metaphor. The latter metaphor appears to be far less well-entrenched in languages such as Croatian or Hungarian, i.e. some of its lexicalizations are less natural than their alternatives based on the Moving-Time metaphor, while some others are, unlike their English models, downright unacceptable. It is argued that some of the differences can be related to the status of the fictive motion construction and some restrictions on the choice of verbs in that construction.
The Quality of Life Improvement in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in West of Iran in 2014, an Educational Intervention Study
Authors: Shabibi Parisa , Shabibi Peiman , Qorbani Mostafa , Rastegarimehr Babak , Safari Omid , Shafieyan Zahra , Asayesh Hamid , Ansari Hossein , Zavareh Mohammad Sadegh Abedzadeh , Mansourian Morteza
Published: July 2017

Background and aims: Diabetes is considered as the most prevalent disease due to metabolic disorders. This study aimed to determine the effect of an educational on the quality of life) QOL( in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ). Material and methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the form of a pre-test/post-test with intervention. The statistical sample of this study included 70 patients with type 2 diabetes living in the rural areas in the city of Ilam (west of Iran). The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 20 via descriptive statistics, paired t-student test, independent samples t-student test, and ANOVA. Results: Except social role functioning, all aspects of QOL significantly increased after intervention (p<0.001). Regardless of age groups, gender, and educational level the QOL scores increased at follow -up (p<0.001). Conclusions: Education to patients with type 2 diabetes leads to increased means of all dimensions of QOL that reflect the effects of educational interventions on each domain.
Microsurgical clipping of giant thrombosed aneurysm
Authors: Chiriac A. , Ion Georgiana , Faiyad Z. , Poeată I.
Published: July 2017

Treatment of giant thrombosed aneurysm is still a challenge for most of neurosurgeons. We present our experience of a patient with a thrombosed giant middle cerebral artery aneurysm manifesting as headache that developed over a 15-year period. Magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomographic angiography (CTA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) have clarified the vascular lesion and directed the therapeutic protocol. An open craniotomy with direct clipping and thrombectomy was performed successfully with an uneventful postoperative course.
Cerebellar metastases – may surgery play a role in the presence of multiple lesions?
Authors: Dabija M. , Dorobăţ V. , Paiu Alina
Published: July 2017

Brain metastases are the most common form of malignancy presence in the CNS having a more frequent appearance than primary brain tumors. Although secondary cerebellar tumors represent only 15% of all intracranial metastases, they are quite frequent among primary oncological patients and pose a challenge for all of the medical caretakers starting with the neurosurgeon. Among those, a small percent of patients have multiple cerebellar lesions and the therapeutic challenge turns into a medical controversy, especially when it comes to surgical treatment taking into consideration that the life expectancy is lower than one year. A key asset which we have on our side is the anatomical vicinity these lesions occur, this leading us to take into consideration eliminating as many lesions in one single operative time as possible without changing the position of the head during surgery. Based on a retrospective study which concluded that patients with resection of all lesions tend to have a longer life expectancy, and on modern concepts of risks and benefits of oncological surgery and surgery in general, we followed up on three patients presenting posterior and even multiple posterior fossa metastases, taking into consideration individual comorbidities, tumor aspects and the possibility/opportunity of surgical treatment. It turned out that surgery is a safe and effective treatment option and should not be considered harmful or aggressive especially because all of the patients which were under study had a favorable post-operative prognostic and an improved quality of life. We emphasize furthermore the importance of complete lesion resection in as few interventions as possible followed up by radiotherapy/chemotherapy as a key in prolonging these patients life expectancy taking into consideration that the outcome is directly related to the number of lesions rather to the location or volume of them.
Prognostic factors in atypical meningioma
Authors: Cucu A. I. , Costea Claudia Florida , Poeată I. , Turliuc Dana Mihaela
Published: July 2017

Atypical meningioma represent an intermediary group between the benign meningioma (grade I) and anaplastic meningioma (grade III), and are known for high recurrence rate and short life expectancy. After modification of the classification World Health Organization in 2007, subsequent studies have tried to find prognostic factors for recurrence and survival, which are inconstant from author to author. This paper aims to present a short review of the most important prognostic factors in atypical meningioma.
Sinking skin flap syndrome in a patient with giant thrombosed posterior cerebral artery aneurysm: a case report
Authors: Lapteva Ona , Ksanas Ugnius , Scerbak Jelena
Published: July 2017

Sinking skin flap syndrome is a rare complication following decompressive craniectomy. The pathogenesis is based on disturbed cerebral autoregulation and as a consequence dicreased CBF and cerebral metabolism. This results in neurologic disturbances, i. e. mental changes and focal deficits. The authors present the patient who developed the motor trephine syndrome after decompressive craniectomy following complicated giant posterior cerebral artery aneurysm clipping.
Kinked and retained nasogastric tube in polytrauma patient; a case report
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kulshreshtha Vardan , Kumar Pavan , Jaiswal Gaurav , Gupta Tarun Kumar
Published: July 2017

Enteral feeding is an important and preferred technique of feeding in head injury patient to provide nutrition. As inadequate nutrition causes decrease in physical ability, neurological impairment and takes a long time for improvement or delayed deterioratation. With our best knowledge kinked and retained nasogastric tube in stomach is a very rare complication of feeding in head injuries patients. Predisposing factors that can cause kinking is excess tube length, tube in situ for long time and small bore tube. We are reporting one such case of kinked and retained nasogastric tube in the stomach of a polytrauma patient which was retrieved by upper GI endoscope.
The Use of Constructed Wetlands for Nitrogen Removal from Agricultural Drainage: a Review
Authors: Vymazal Jan
Published: July 2017

Diffuse pollution from agricultural drainage is a severe problem for water quality and it is a major reason for eutrophication of both freshwaters and coastal waters. Constructed wetlands were proposed as a suitable tool for removal of nitrogen from agricultural drainage in the early 1990s. Since then constructed wetlands with free water surface have been successfully used in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia. The predominant form of nitrogen in agricultural drainage waters is nitrate and therefore denitrification is considered as the major removal process. The literature survey of 41 full-scale constructed wetlands revealed that removed nitrogen amount varied widely between 11 and 13 026 kg N ha-1 per year with the median removal of 426 kg N ha-1 per year. A very close relationship was found between inflow and removed nitrogen loads but the overall percentual efficiency decreases with increasing inflow nitrogen load. It has also been found that nitrogen removal depends on the size of constructed wetland (W) as compared to catchment (C) area. The survey indicated that the W/C greater than 1% does not result in any substantial increase of nitrogen removal. There are still some gaps in our knowledge that need to be evaluated, namely the optimum vegetation maintenance.
Effects of Geraniol and Camphene on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production
Authors: Joch M. , Kudrna V. , Hučko B.
Published: July 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of geraniol and camphene at three dosages (300, 600, and 900 mg l-1) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane emission in in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid supplied with a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein, 33.1% neutral detergent fibre). The ionophore antibiotic monensin (8 mg/l) was used as positive control. Compared to control, geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 10.2, 66.9, and 97.9%. However, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility were also reduced (P < 0.05) by all doses of geraniol. Camphene demonstrated weak and unpromising effects on rumen fermentation. Camphene did not decrease (P > 0.05) methane production and slightly decreased (P < 0.05) VFA production. Due to the strong antimethanogenic effect of geraniol a careful selection of dose and combination with other antimethanogenic compounds may be effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants. However, if a reduction in total VFA production and dry matter digestibility persisted in vivo, geraniol would have a negative effect on animal productivity.
S-Genotype Diversity in Wild Cherry Populations in the Czech Republic
Authors: Sharma K. , Korecký J. , Soldateschi E.D. Patrizio , Sedlák P.
Published: July 2017

Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) S-genotyping is aimed to uncover and thus make it possible to select appropriate genotypes applicable in establishing commercial plantations and advanced forest tree breeding activities. The general and long-term aim is to increase genetic gain in economically valuable traits while maintaining sufficient genetic variability (represented by diverse S-alleles in population). We genotyped 123 accessions from wild cherry growing areas in the Czech Republic using polymerase chain reaction based length polymorphisms detection of S-RNase and SFB genes. The studied plant material revealed 18 different S-haplotypes, 54 S-genotypes corresponded to 25 defined incompatibility groups of cultivated sweet cherry. Eighteen unique S-genotypes were designated to group ‘0’ as a universal pollinator. Eleven new incompatibility groups were found out, of which four were cross-compatible with sweet cherry cultivars. The most frequent was a new incompatibility group S14S21 followed by the group S12S14. The haplotypes S14 (13%) and S1 (10%) were the most frequent whereas S20 was less frequent in the wild populations of cherry. The present study of S-genotyping in the wild cherry population reveals the genetic diversity structure of natural populations and hopefully will help define the breeding strategy including more accurate planning activities such as the optimal seed design of orchards.
Renaissance Motifs in Jozef Ciller’s Shakespearean Scenographies
Authors: Inštitorisová Dagmar
Published: July 2017

Employing a comparative method, the present study explores the Renaissance expression of Jozef Ciller’s Shakespearean scenographies. Based on an analysis of preserved archival material (scenographic proposals, photographs from productions, video recordings, reviews, etc.) and personal communication with Jozef Ciller, the author examines how he transposed general features of European Renaissance (visual arts, architecture) into individual scenographic solutions. The author’s analysis also aims to identify how Ciller worked with the architecture and scenography of Elizabethan theatre Renaissance and observe his work with Renaissance elements depending on whether a scenography was meant for indoors or outdoors. The author concludes that Jozef Ciller employs Renaissance elements as motifs to preserve the awareness of man’s Renaissance spirit and greatness.
Mendelian segregation in eight microsatellite loci from hand- and open-pollinated progenies of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze (Araucariaceae)
Authors: Danner M. A. , Ribeiro J. Z. , Zanette F. , Bittencourt J.V. M. , Sebbenn A. M.
Published: July 2017

In order to use molecular markers in population genetics studies, it is important to confirm that the molecular markers used present a Mendelian segregation. The aim of this paper was to investigate the genetic segregation of eight microsatellite loci of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze (Araucariaceae). The study was carried out comparing genetic segregation in hand- and open-pollinated progenies of maternal dioecious and monoecious trees. The Mendelian segregation was confirmed for all eight loci studied (Ag20, Ag23, Ag45, Aang01, Aang14, Aang28, As90 and CRCAc1), as no deviation from the expected segregation hypothesis was detected in the studied progenies. Therefore, these eight loci can be used for further population genetics studies of A. angustifolia.
Genetic parameters for early growth and biomass traits of Pinus radiata D. Don under different water regimes
Authors: Espinoza S. , Magni C. R. , Martínez V. , Ivković M. , Gapare W.
Published: July 2017

In Chile, genetic improvement of Radiata pine has been directed towards characters such as volume, form and wood density. Estimation of genetic parameters for growth and biomass traits in young seedlings, as a tool for early indirect selection in the P. radiata breeding program, has not been explored yet. We aimed to estimate genetic parameters for growth and biomass traits. Five-month-old P. radiata seedlings grown under wellwatered (WW) and water stress (WS) regimes were evaluated. Root collar diameter, height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, height/diameter ratio and root/shoot ratio were analyzed in both treatments. Trait with the highest heritability was root/shoot ratio in WW and WS regime (h2= 0.80 and 0.63 respectively). The highest genetic correlation was between height and shoot dry weight (rg= 0.90), under WW regime. In contrast, there were negative genetic correlations between root collar diameter and height/diameter ratio under WS regime. To breed for drought tolerance, traits such as height and root collar diameter would be effective targets for indirect selection since estimated heritabilities are high, there is sizable genetic variation, they are easily assessed, they can be measured non-destructively and they have a high genetic correlation with root/shoot ratio, a trait related to drought tolerance. The measurement of dry weights for early selection purposes is not recommended.
Development and characterization of 28 polymorphic EST-SSR markers for Cunninghamia lanceolata (Taxodiaceae) based on transcriptome sequences
Authors: Wen Y. , Ueno S. , Han W.
Published: July 2017

The Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is a very important plantation species that is mainly distributed in Southern China. However, genomic analyses of C. lanceolata have lagged significantly behind those of other conifer species due to a lack of suitable markers. To address this issue, we examined 27,666,670 reads from C. lanceolata transcriptome sequences recorded in the SRA database. Assembly produced 35,633 contigs, 1,822 (5.11%) of which contained one or more SSRs. In total, 2,156 SSRs were identified, giving an average SSR density of 68.4 SSRs/Mb. The most common SSR types were tri-SSRs (41.7%), followed by hexa-(29.8%), penta- (12.7%), di-(11.1%) and tetra-(4.7%) SSRs. EST-SSR markers based on the 1,822 SSR-containing contigs were developed using the CMiB pipeline and primer pairs were designed to target 35 loci. Polymorphism was observed in 28 of these loci, for which the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 12 over 16 plus-tree individuals. The observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and fixation index (FIS) values for the targeted loci ranged from 0.125 to 0.938, 0.225 to 0.891 and -0.368 to 0.456, respectively. The corres - ponding PIC values ranged from 0.210 to 0.881, with an average of 0.573. Some of these markers have since been used in our ongoing genetic diversity analyses of C. lanceolata. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of SSRs and EST-SSR markers in C. lanceolata, and the identified EST-SSR markers will be useful in future genetic analyses of C. lanceolata and related species.
Induction of Quercus ilex L. haploid and doubled-haploid embryos from anther cultures by temperature-stress
Authors: Pintos B. , Sánchez N. , Bueno Ma Á. , Navarro R. Ma , Jorrín J. , Manzanera J. A. , Gómez-Garay A.
Published: July 2017

This paper describes a method to obtain haploid and doubled-haploid (DH) embryos using anther cultures of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.). The production of haploids and DH through gametic embryogenesis provides an attractive biotechnological tool for developing homozygous lines from heterozygous parents, which is important in breeding programs, as well as in genetic studies. As a consequence, protocols to produce homozygous plants have a significant impact on forest tree improvement. Anthers were subjected to different temperature treatments for embryo induction: a cold pre-treatment (4°C) from 3 to 7 days was carried out at the beginning, followed by a heat shock (33°C) from 2 to 5 days. Most anthers responding to these stress treatments contained vacuolated microspores, indicating that this developmental stage is responsive to embryogenesis induction in holm-oak microspores. In all cases, embryos grew from the interior of the anthers, breaking through the degenerating anther walls. Under these conditions, embryo formation occurred in 31 anthers between 46 and 95 days after culture initiation. Embryo analysis performed with flow-cytometry and DNA-microsatellite markers showed haploid profiles and/or spontaneous doubling of the chromosomes during early regeneration stages. This is, to our knowledge, the first published report on gametic embryogenesis in holm oak.
The Creation of Space Vector Models of Buildings From RPAS Photogrammetry Data
Authors: Trhan Ondrej
Published: July 2017

The results of Remote Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) photogrammetry are digital surface models and orthophotos. The main problem of the digital surface models obtained is that buildings are not perpendicular and the shape of roofs is deformed. The task of this paper is to obtain a more accurate digital surface model using building reconstructions. The paper discusses the problem of obtaining and approximating building footprints, reconstructing the final spatial vector digital building model, and modifying the buildings on the digital surface model.
Hybrid Forecasting of Daily River Discharges Considering Autoregressive Heteroscedasticity
Authors: Szolgayová Elena Peksová , Danačová Michaela , Komorniková Magda , Szolgay Ján
Published: July 2017

It is widely acknowledged that in the hydrological and meteorological communities, there is a continuing need to improve the quality of quantitative rainfall and river flow forecasts. A hybrid (combined deterministic-stochastic) modelling approach is proposed here that combines the advantages offered by modelling the system dynamics with a deterministic model and a deterministic forecasting error series with a data-driven model in parallel. Since the processes to be modelled are generally nonlinear and the model error series may exhibit nonstationarity and heteroscedasticity, GARCH-type nonlinear time series models are considered here. The fitting, forecasting and simulation performance of such models have to be explored on a case-by-case basis. The goal of this paper is to test and develop an appropriate methodology for model fitting and forecasting applicable for daily river discharge forecast error data from the GARCH family of time series models. We concentrated on verifying whether the use of a GARCH-type model is suitable for modelling and forecasting a hydrological model error time series on the Hron and Morava Rivers in Slovakia. For this purpose we verified the presence of heteroscedasticity in the simulation error series of the KLN multilinear flow routing model; then we fitted the GARCH-type models to the data and compared their fit with that of an ARMA - type model. We produced one-stepahead forecasts from the fitted models and again provided comparisons of the model’s performance.
Clipped Wings and the Great Abyss: Cognitive Stylistics and Implicatures in Abiezer Coppe’s ‘Prophetic’ Recantation
Authors: Borgogni Daniele
Published: July 2017

In this article, two major paradigms within cognitive stylistics, the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and the Conceptual Integration Theory (CIT), are applied as largely complementary approaches to discuss the scope and implicatures of the central metaphorical image of Copp’s Return to the wayes of Truth (1651), a text written by one of the most famous radical preachers of the Civil War period as a plea to be released from prison. The article will focus on how the linguistic and cultural contexts of Coppe’s prophetic writing, in their interaction with the dynamic conceptual relationships of a conceptual integration network, open up new possibilities of perspectivizing and insinuating radically different meanings and implicatures: the use of blends in Coppe’s text has a direct effect on the structure of the analogies that can be made between mental spaces, thereby triggering new meaning effects, supplementary symbolizing patterns, and unpredictable perlocutionary effects.
Designing a Rational Distribution Network for Trading Companies
Authors: Dybskaya V. V. , Sverchkov P. A.
Published: July 2017

This article considers the modern methods and approaches to design the company’s distribution network. The authors point out the relevance of this problem for the modern trading and manufacturing companies, give examples of the strategic goal setting of the company in the logistics network reorganization, and the benchmarks of possible economic effects of its conduction. The work reviews the scientific articles of contemporary American, European and Russian authors devoted to the approaches, concerning the implementation of projects for designing a distribution network, methods and models for its optimization. The article concludes that there is no single “language” and an approach to design the logistics networks, with a proper level of detail that takes into account the strategic features and industry specificity of the certain company. The authors propose an algorithm for designing a rational distribution network.
Opfer, Täter, Demokraten
Authors: Hertfelder Thomas
Published: July 2017

Vorspann

Das Geschäft mit der Vergangenheit ist in Deutschland schwieriger als in den meisten anderen Staaten Europas. Die Erinnerung an die Schrecken der NS-Zeit und an die Ermordung der europäischen Juden ist nach langen vergangenheitspolitischen Kämpfen in den 1990er Jahren konstitutiv für das Selbstverständnis der Bundesrepublik geworden. Zugleich hat sich in den beiden vergangenen Jahrzehnten eine neue Meistererzählung der deutschen Nachkriegsdemokratie etabliert, die auch in die Ausstellungen der großen Geschichtsmuseen des Bunds Eingang gefunden hat. Thomas Hertfelder lotet die Untiefen dieser zweigeteilten Erinnerung aus, spürt den Ursachen für das neue Unbehagen an der institutionalisierten Beschäftigung mit der Vergangenheit nach und plädiert dafür, das weite Feld von Erinnerung und Gedenken an Diktatur und Demokratie neu zu vermessen.
The solidification of Al–Pd–Mn studied by high-energy X-ray diffraction from electrostatically levitated samples
Authors: Quirinale Dante G. , Kreyssig Andreas , Saunders Scott , Messina Daniel , Straszheim Warren E. , Canfield Paul C. , Kramer Matthew J. , Goldman Alan I.
Published: July 2017

We report on the results of a high-energy x-ray diffraction study of Al–Pd–Mn to investigate the solidification products obtained during free-cooling using an electrostatic levitation furnace. The primary solidification product from the melt is i-Al–Pd–Mn which coexists with a significant remaining liquid component. As the sample cools further, we find that the solidification pathway is consistent with the liquidus projection and pseudo-binary cut through the ternary phase diagram reported previously. At ambient temperature we have identified the major phase to be the ξ′-phase orthorhombic approximant, along with minor phases identified as Al and, most likely, the R-phase orthorhombic approximant. We have also observed a distinct prepeak in the liquid at high temperature, signifying the presence of extended atomic order. Interestingly, this prepeak was not observed in previous neutron diffraction measurements on the Al–Pd–Mn system. No undercooling was observed preceding the solidification of the i-Al–Pd–Mn phase from the melt which may signal the close similarity of the short-range order in the solid and liquid. However, this can not be clearly determined because of the potential for heterogenous nucleation associated with the presence of an Al2O3 impurity at the surface of the sample.
Application of Autologous Blood Cell Salvage in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Operation
Authors: Zhao Hui , Ma Huimin , Meng Li , Zhao Ziniu , Quan Xiaoqiang , Cheng Zhaoyun
Published: July 2017

Objective: To analyze whether application of autologous blood cell salvage can reduce the transfusion volume of allogeneic blood and complications of blood transfusion in off-pump coronary artery bypass operations. Methods: We randomly divided 120 patients into autologous blood cell salvage group (experimental group, n = 60) and non-autologous blood cell salvage group (control group, n = 60). Volume of perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion of each patient was recorded. Moreover, complications and ICU retention times (H) of each patient were also recorded. The data were analyzed using t tests. Results: The volume of allogeneic blood transfusion was significantly less in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: Application of autologous blood cell salvage in off-pump coronary artery bypass graft operation can reduce the volume of allogeneic blood transfusion, alleviate blood shortage, and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, leading to medical, economic, and social benefits.
The structure of solutions of the matrix linear unilateral polynomial equation with two variables
Authors: Dzhaliuk N.S. , Petrychkovych V.M.
Published: July 2017

We investigate the structure of solutions of the matrix linear polynomial equation $A(\lambda)X(\lambda)+B(\lambda)Y(\lambda)=C(\lambda),$ in particular, possible degrees of the solutions. The solving of this equation is reduced to the solving of the equivalent matrix polynomial equation with matrix coefficients in triangular forms with invariant factors on the main diagonals, to which the matrices $A (\lambda), B(\lambda)$ \ and \ $C(\lambda)$ are reduced by means of semiscalar equivalent transformations. On the basis of it, we have pointed out the bounds of the degrees of the matrix polynomial equation solutions. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of a solution with a minimal degree are established. An effective method for constructing minimal degree solutions of the equations is suggested. In this article, unlike well-known results about the estimations of the degrees of the solutions of the matrix polynomial equations in which both matrix coefficients are regular or at least one of them is regular, we have considered the case when the matrix polynomial equation has arbitrary matrix coefficients $A(\lambda)$ and $B(\lambda).$
Változások az őssejt-transzplantációhoz társult thromboticus microangiopathia diagnosztikus kritériumrendszerében
Authors: Horváth Orsolya , Prohászka Zoltán , Kállay Krisztián , Kassa Csaba , Stréhn Anita , Csordás Katalin , Sinkó János , Kriván Gergely
Published: July 2017

Abstract:

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation associated thrombotic microangiopathy is a multifactorial complication, and has variable incidence in study populations due to different diagnostic criteria. The diversity of activity parameters, like elevated laktát-dehidrogenáz, hematological parameters and kidney function are not specific variables after stem cell transplantation. Dysregulation of the classical and alternative pathway can play an important role in the pathomechanism of thrombotic microangiopathy, but the understanding of the role of complement activation under transplantation conditions requires further investigation. Monitoring of complement parameters, including terminal complement pathway activation complex during transplantation may help physicians to improve diagnostic strategy, to evaluate therapeutical options and to predict and follow up efficacy of complement blockade methods and supportive therapy. This review focuses on the development of diagnostic criteria and therapeutical options in thrombotic microangiopathy, and presents some preliminary findings while using different diagnostic criteria in pediatric patients. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(27): 1043–1050.
Investigating the teaching of Chinese aspect markers 'zai', 'zhe', 'le' and 'guo'
Authors: Zhang Qiaochao
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a pilot study in teaching Chinese aspect markers, le, guo, zai and zhe, as a foreign language to university level learners. It firstly reviews theories of Chinese aspect, and then L2 Chinese aspect acquisition. Based on the research findings in these two areas, experimental teaching sessions are designed and delivered to two groups of beginners’ level learners using different teaching approaches: a grammar-translation approach and a communicative approach. The research results are compared, and it indicates that communicative approach is superior to grammar-translation approach in facilitating learners’ use of the markers in comprehensive context, but the results are not long lasting when no further treatment is given. Indeed, both groups show a strong tendency of following the natural acquisition order: perfective markers before imperfective markers as claimed by Bardovi-Harlig (2000). However, the results also reveal an inadequacy in the design of the teaching sessions, which will be adjusted in future studies.
Use of linguistic devices in conveying refusals in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Jiang Dan
Published: July 2017

Previous studies that have investigated L1 refusals have focused on turn taking, frequencies of semantic formulas, and politeness, including how linguistic forms were used to achieve politeness or facework. This study, motivated by teaching and learning Mandarin Chinese as a foreign/second language, puts the focus on the role of linguistic devices in conveying refusals. Open role-plays were used to collect linguistic data. A short interview was also conducted to elicit native speakers’ views about the way refusals were carried out. Integrating the approach of discourse analysis in the analysis, I identify some critical linguistic devices and discuss how they were tied with the ways that refusals were conveyed given the contexts. The findings bring more understanding to these linguistic devices at the pragmatic level and also emphasise the importance of contextualising linguistic devices to understand them. In the context of L2 learning, in focusing on the use of linguistic devices, the study highlights the value of looking at the examples of native speakers, not as means of judging the “authenticity” of learners’ pragmatic performances, but as a means of empowering learners with the pragmatic tool kit needed to allow them to fully express their own meaning in the L2.
Oblicze fenomenu kidults
Authors: Mazur Jan
Published: July 2017

Zjawisko kulturowe kidults zostało rozpoznane stosunkowo niedawno. Jest ono konsekwencją postępujących zmian cywilizacyjnych. Samo słowo kidults składa się z dwóch słów: „dziecko” i „dorośli”. Po raz pierwszy zostało użyte na łamach „The New York Times” w 1985 roku. Peter Martin zastosował go na określenie ludzi, którzy korzystając z doświadczeń swojej dorosłości, uciekają od jej trudów i zobowiązań. Są wprawdzie dorośli, ale pod wieloma względami ich poglądy i postawy kryją w sobie elementy zdziecinnienia.Tekst zawiera trzy części, których tytuły wskazują na jego treść: 1. Kim są kidults?, 2. Kidults w sferze społecznej, 3. Chrześcijaństwo wobec kidults. Można skonstatować, że dziś istnieje całe pokolenie kidults. Tacy ludzie uparcie kojarzą życie z dzieciństwem i młodością. Niestety, wiąże się to z osłabieniem czy nawet zanikiem etyki obowiązku i pracy, przy jednoczesnym hołdowaniu etyce hedonistycznej.Wydaje się, że chrześcijaństwo dysponuje skutecznymi środkami do przezwyciężania tego wszystkiego, co w fenomenie kidults stanowi egzystencjalne zagrożenie, kwestionuje dojrzałą dorosłość, zaciemnia świadomość nadprzyrodzonej godności człowieka, pogrąża go w marazmie duchowym i fałszuje obraz i podobieństwo Boga w człowieku. Najważniejszym środkiem jest moc czynnej miłości chrześcijańskiej, realizowanej w relacjach międzyosobowych.
Kościół w Armenii – podziały i dążenie do jedności
Authors: Imach Marcin
Published: July 2017

Setna rocznica eksterminacji Ormian, przypadająca w roku 2015, obudziła większe zainteresowanie nie tylko Armenią i Ormianami, ale także historią Kościoła ormiańskiego. Artykuł kreśli zatem krótko uwarunkowania geograficzne i historyczne Armenii, aby ukazać państwo, które jako pierwsze w historii przyjęło wiarę chrześcijańską za obowiązującą. W ciągu wieków dochodziło do podziałów wewnątrz tego Kościoła z powodu różnic teologicznych oraz ze względów geograficznych. Tak oto powstał Apostolski Kościół Ormiański, który nie przyjął zwierzchnictwa papieża. Pomimo iż dialog Rzymu z Ormianami trwał już od XII wieku, to dopiero w XVII wieku doszło do wyodrębnienia się grupy Ormian uznających prymat papieża i do powstania Katolickiego Kościoła obrządku ormiańskiego. XX wiek przyniósł wzmożone działania ze strony Rzymu, a także ze strony kolejnych katolikosów ormiańskich, aby doszło najpierw do zjednoczenia w ramach Apostolskiego Kościoła Ormiańskiego, a następnie do pełnej jedności wszystkich Ormian z Rzymem i papieżem. Elementem wspomagającym zjednoczenie jest wspólne wspominanie ludobójstwa Ormian dokonanego przez Turków w latach 1915–1916.
Biskupi czasów przedrozbiorowych w świetle propagandy antykościelnej prowadzonej przez władze polityczne Polskiej Rzeczpospolitej Ludowej w latach 1944–1989
Authors: Jaworski Piotr
Published: July 2017

Jednym z podstawowych ideologicznych celów przejmujących władzę komunistów w Polsce po zakończeniu II była walka z religią. Cel ten wynikał z przyjętej ideologii marksistowsko-leninowskiej (opartej na materializmie dialektycznym i historycznym) odrzucającej istnienie Boga. Nic więc dziwnego, że ówczesne władze polityczne na powyższej podbudowie ideologicznej wobec powszechnie występującej religijności społeczeństwa traktowały Kościół jako konkurenta, który mógłby osłabić jej autorytet. Z tego powodu władze Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej (PRL) w latach 1944–1989 z różnym nasileniem stosowały wobec Kościoła politykę represji i deprecjonowania. Istotnym elementem prowadzonej polityki stała się antykościelna propaganda obejmująca różnorodne aspekty życia i funkcjonowania Kościoła.W niniejszym artykule zwrócono uwagę na propagandę polityczną PRL, a konkretnie próbowano ukazać, w jakim świetle ta propaganda przedstawiała poszczególnych biskupów z czasów staropolskich, ukazując przy tym, w oparciu o poszczególne przykłady, manipulację, kłamstwa, brak rzetelności i obiektywizmu ówczesnej propagandy.
Editorial: Medical Students and Postgraduate Trainees as Medical Educators: peer learning is everywhere
Authors: Browne Julie , Read James
Published: July 2017

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In this special issue we would like to encourage authors to contribute as many diverse understandings as possible of how learning occurs in situations where the teacher is, as Osler so memorably put it, a senior student anxious to help his or her juniors. So although we expect to see plenty of work on peer assisted learning programmes within clinical skills units or hospitals we would like to invite authors to be creative in their interpretation of what Medical Students and Postgraduate Trainees as Medical Educators means. In particular we'd like to advance the definition to include "teaching and learning with flat hierarchies" - that is to say, teaching and learning that takes place between people who are fairly close in age, experience or stage of learning, as well as teaching and learning that occurs in the 'opposite direction' - such as when seniors are able to learn from juniors. We will be celebrating the remarkable potential of peer teaching and learning with flat hierarchies and look forward to the publication of a variety of articles, including those that would not normally find an outlet elsewhere, such as replication studies, negative findings, pilots and protocols, case reports, narrative studies and reflections.
Moderation of an online discussion on communication skills – A GSMC FAIMER experience
Authors: Eachempati Prashanti , Puppalwar Priti V. , Shigli Kamal , Jagzape Arunita , KS Kiran Kumar , Supe Avinash , Bhosale Yuvaraj , Shetye Jaimala V.
Published: July 2017

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Discussion forums provide the ability for asynchronous discussion to occur over a period of time. The ability to learn asynchronously gives flexibility in learning and is one of the primary benefits of online learning. The combination of the asynchronous and interactive nature of the online learning environment encourages participants to engage in higher-order learning and reflection. To foster an optimal online learning community three components are important: cognitive presence, social presence and teacher presence in order to ensure that effective group discussions take place that can share meaning, identify areas of doubt, and attempt to reach a consensus and understanding of the subject being discussed. Moderating an online discussion is an art of its own and requires meticulous planning and execution strategies. Maintaining participant interest throughout the session can be quite challenging. This article is to share our experience in moderating a session as a part of the FAIMER programme in GSMC regional institution in Mumbai, India.
Analysis of Difficulties of Spanish Teachers to Improve Students’ Digital Reading Competence. A Case Study within the PISA Framework
Authors: Vázquez - Cano Esteban
Published: July 2017

Digital technologies have changed the ways texts are produced and displayed, and those changes have a profound impact on how students read. In Spain, the results in digital reading competence are below the OECD average, which proves to be a handicap for Spanish students. This article presents a case study in which we investigate, through a quantitative methodology, teachers’ perceptions on the main constraints for the effective development of a teaching methodology to improve digital reading competence of secondary students in Spain. The findings show how learning processes based on digital reading are still underdeveloped and teaching staff in a large majority expresses lack of preparation, training, and resources available in the school for the effective development of a teaching that encourages successful digital reading proficiency of students. It is important for governments, teachers, and students to meet these challenges as they affect almost every aspect of our daily routines.
Fish passages in South America: an overview of studied facilities and research effort
Authors: Lira Nibelle A. , Pompeu Paulo S. , Agostinho Carlos S. , Agostinho Angelo A. , Arcifa Marlene Sofia , Pelicice Fernando M.
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT River regulation has fragmented fluvial ecosystems in South America, affecting fish migration and dispersion dynamics. In response, authorities have installed fish passage facilities (FPF) to mitigate impacts. However, little is known about the geographical distribution of these facilities, and no synthesis of the research effort applied to understanding their functioning and limitations exists. To address this issue, our study gathered the available scientific literature about fishways in South America to provide an overview of studied FPF and associated research effort. We found 80 studies that investigated 25 FPF, mostly ladders installed in the upper reaches of large rivers, particularly in the Paraná River Basin. One important finding is that most facilities do not lead to upstream and/or downstream sites due to the presence of other dams with no FPF. Though the number of studies has increased over the past 10 years, there is no consistent trend towards increased research effort. Overall, studies have focused on the fishway itself (i.e. upstream passage), and rarely evaluated broader issues (i.e. habitat distribution, population dynamics, conservation and management success). Our research therefore identified technical limitations of past studies, and revealed important gaps in the knowledge of FPF as a management tool.
Integração analítica da micro e da macroeconomia: algumas reflexões teórico-metodológicas
Authors: Cardoso Fernanda Graziella
Published: July 2017

Resumo Partindo de um esforço de síntese de contribuições teóricas alternativas ao mainstream da Economia - Simon, Keynes e pós-keynesianos, Kalecki, Schumpeter e neoschumpeterianos e abordagem da complexidade -, o presente artigo discute algumas das limitações ao progresso da Ciência Econômica, enquanto ciência e base para formulação de políticas, impostas por um enfoque baseado nas premissas da maximização e do equilíbrio. Sugerem-se, desse modo, algumas das possibilidades de avanço deixadas em aberto por meio da superação dessas premissas, apontando especialmente para aquela que seria uma abordagem interessante ao objeto da Economia, a micromacrodinâmica, levando em consideração seu caráter dinâmico e complexo.
Guest Editorial
Authors: Baalsrud Hauge Jannicke
Published: July 2017

This special issue presents five papers bringing new insights into the field of accessibility and serious games. This is a special issue from the workshops and the doctorial consortium from the 15th International Conference on Entertainment Computing 2016 hosted by professor Helmut Hlavacs at the University in Vienna, Austria (https://icec2016.cs.univie.ac.at/index.php?item=home).
Pótlások Magyarország edényes növényfajainak elterjedési atlaszához III.
Authors: Molnár Csaba , Haszonits Győző , Malatinszky Ákos , Kovács Gergely Károly , Kovács Gábor , Nagy Tímea , Molnár V. Attila , Takács Attila
Published: July 2017

Jelen közleményünk annak a sorozatnak a harmadik része, melynek célja a Magyarország edényes növényfajainak elterjedési atlasza térképeinek kiegészítése, főként aktuális előfordulási adatokkal. Ezúttal 558 edényes taxon előfordulási adatait közöljük az ország szinte egész területéről (mintegy 186 flóratérképezési kvadrátból), de legnagyobb számban az Északi-középhegységből. Az adatok között ritkább őshonos taxonok (például Marsilea quadrifolia, Salicornia prostrata, Stellaria palustris, Potentilla patula, Althaea cannabina, Lythrum tribracteatum, Ajuga laxmannii, Plantago schwarzenbergiana, Alisma gramineum, Gagea bohemica, G. szovitsii), ritka, vagy legalábbis adathiányos idegenhonos fajok (például Chorispora tenella, Thladiantha dubia, Senecio vernalis) mellett országosan elterjedt, de többé-kevésbé alulreprezentált fajok (például Scleranthus annuus, Vicia hirsuta, V. lathyroides) esetében is közöljük az Atlasz térképeihez képest újnak bizonyuló lelőhelyeket. A legközönségesebb fajok esetében a lelőhelyek részletezése nélkül csupán KEF-kódokat adunk meg.