bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building and Publishing Fundamental Transit Data for Regional Public Transportation Provided by Municipalities
Authors: Sueyoshi Chinasa , Takagi Hideya , Yasutake Yoshihiro , Inenaga Kentaro
Published: February 2020

Public transportation is becoming increasingly important in regions where the residential population is decreasing. In Japan, many regional transportation systems are experiencing financial challenges. It is difficult for fixed-route transportation systems to operate at a surplus when serving only local resident users. We consider one of the problems of these regional public transport systems to be the lack of information on the Internet about regional public transportation routes. For people who are unfamiliar with the region, such as inbound tourists, there is no easy way to conduct a route search. In this paper, we describe our efforts to build a fundamental database of the regional public transportation provided by municipalities and to publish this data for those conducting route searches on the Internet. Specifically, we converted fundamental data regarding regional public transportation to the feed of the General Transit Feed Specification-Japan (GTFS-JP), which is based on the Google GTFS, as formulated by the Ministry of Land in Japan. Then we encouraged municipalities to publish these transit data to enable route searches on Google Maps and other domestic-content providers.
Research on Expressway Travel Time Prediction Based on Exclusive Disjunctive Soft Set
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Li Huamin , Xiong Weixin
Published: February 2020

In order to study the prediction problem of expressway travel time, due to the ambiguity and uncertainty in the road traffic system, the travel time prediction model is established based on the exclusive disjunctive soft set theory. Through the parameter reduction theory of soft set, the main influence factors are extracted, and the mapping relationship between the influence factors and the travel time is obtained through the exclusive disjunctive soft set decision system. The travel time model is established based on the soft set theory, and the travel time is calculated through the mapping relationship. The experimental results show that, compared with the BPR function model, the travel time model based on the exclusive disjunctive soft set theory reduces the prediction error and effectively improves the calculation accuracy of the travel time.
Travel decision reversals paradox of competitive metro lines: The Equate-to-differentiate Theory Interpretation
Authors: Zhang Nian , Zhang Yiyuan , Luo Xia
Published: February 2020

Based on the equate-to-differentiate theory, this paper studies the paradox of preference reversal and choice reversal in traffic decision-making in parallel sections of Chengdu Metro Line No.2 and No.4. Travel decision reversals: preference reversals phenomenon (PRP) and choice reversals phenomenon (CRP) are found in the travel investigation for Chengdu Metro Line No.2 and No.4, and the reversals cannot be well explained by random error. Through experimental design of cautious control, the existence of these phenomena is confirmed. This paper establishes the judgment dimension system of option attributes, and designs three groups of psychological experiment in certain, uncertain and risk scenarios. Data analysis shows that PRP and CRP can be explained by the equate-to-differentiate interpretation. The phenomena of reversal are not due to the fact that preference and choice really reverses, but the variable strategic process. The equate-to-differentiate interpretation shows good consistency in the experiments and can predict and explain the preference and choice reversal of travel decision. At last, a comparative analysis which compares the results of the two models of the decision field theory is made and finally the conclusion is obtained.
Generating relevant scenarios for intelligent transportation service
Authors: Addoui Ismet , Chouaki Tarek , Colli Ambrogio Delli
Published: February 2020

This paper addresses risk assessment issues while conceiving complex systems. Indeed, project stakeholders have to share the same problems understanding allowing to undertake rational and optimal decisions. We propose an approach based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to improve systems quality requirements such as consistency and completeness. We assess the relevancy of our approaches through experimentations and highlighted feedbacks from project stakeholders and players.
Real-time Aggressive Driving Detection System based on In-vehicle Information using LoRa Communication
Authors: Jeon Yongsu , Kim Chanwoo , Lee Hyunwook , Baek Yunju
Published: February 2020

Safe driving has attracted a significant amount of attention in recent years owing to the increase in the complexity of the driving environment. There are many research studies focusing on detection of aggressive driving that may cause traffic accidents. In this paper, we propose a system for acquiring vehicles’ interior data and thereby detecting dangerous driving conditions. The system is designed to transmit the information acquired to a data server using Long Range (LoRa) communication networks. Through experimentation, we confirm that the proposed system can detect aggressive driving behaviors in real time and store them on the data server through LoRa communication. We evaluated techniques for acquiring in-vehicle information on 14 vehicles and confirmed that data can be extracted from most of the commonly available vehicles.
Effects of cooling rate and isothermal holding on the characteristics of MnS particles in high-carbon heavy rail steels
Authors: Zhang Xuewei , Yang Caifu , Zhang Lifeng
Published: February 2020

The characteristics of MnS particles were intensively investigated at three different cooling rate of 80.4 K · s−1 (water cooling), 3.8 K · s−1 (air cooling) and 1.8 K · s−1 (furnace cooling) as well as the different isothermal holding temperature and time in laboratory experiments. The three-dimensional (3D) morphology of MnS particles was extracted from steel samples using non-aqueous solution electrolysis. The results showed that the 3D morphology of MnS changed from a nearly spherical into rod-like and the area fraction and average diameter of MnS increased with decreasing cooling rate. During isothermal holding process, the morphology of MnS changed little at 1473 K (1200 °C), but their shape profiles varied from a nearly spherical and spindle-like to irregular at higher holding temperature 1673 K (1400 °C) when the holding time exceeded 60 min. Moreover, the number density and area fraction of MnS decreased with increasing holding time at 1573 K (1300 °C) and 1673 K (1400 °C), respectively. Especially at 1573 K (1300 °C), the 1 ∼ 3 µm MnS inclusions were dissolved and lead to decreasing of number density, but that > 3 µm one occurs growth and resulted in increasing of average diameter. The calculation results show that the starting temperature of precipitation of MnS was about 1627 K (1354 °C) and effect of cooling rate on the segregation of Mn and S is insignificant. Considering the segregation of solutes, MnS formation and growth takes place in the solid/liquid interface of steel when the solid fraction is close to 0.9567 during solidification. It has been found that the increase of cooling rate gives rise to the decreased of MnS diameter because the growth time of MnS is short. Furthermore, thermodynamic calculations of MnS solid solubility product were carried out to reveal the high holding temperature and long holding time favors the dissolution of MnS particles. It is necessary to decrease the sulfur content by less than 16 ppm in order to assure that the larger MnS which formed during solidification redissolves in the steel matrix, rather than relying on increasing the heating temperature which is above 1649 K (1376 °C). Subsequent, the MnS will precipitate again in a finely dispersive state during rolling process, and it can hinder annealing grain growth and finally make for the improvement of the toughness property of the steel.
Implication of Anopheles funestus in malaria transmission in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Djamouko-Djonkam Landre , Nkahe Diane Leslie , Kopya Edmond , Talipouo Abdou , Ngadjeu Carmene Sandra , Doumbe-Belisse Patricia , Bamou Roland , Awono-Ambene Parfait , Tchuinkam Timoléon , Wondji Charles Sinclair , Antonio-Nkondjio Christophe
Published: February 2020

The contribution of Anopheles funestus to malaria transmission in the urban environment is still not well documented. The present study assesses the implication of An. funestus in malaria transmission in two districts, Nsam and Mendong, in the city of Yaoundé. Adult mosquitoes were collected using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps (CDC-LT) and human landing catches from April 2017 to March 2018 and were identified morphologically to the species level. Those belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex and to the Anopheles funestus group were further processed by PCR to identify members of each complex/group. Anopheline mosquitoes were analysed to determine their infection status using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bioassays were conducted with 2–5-day-old female Anopheles funestus and An. gambiae s.l. to determine their susceptibility to permethrin, deltamethrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Six anopheline species were collected in the peri-urban district of Mendong: Anopheles gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. funestus, An. leesoni, An. ziemanni and An. marshallii; only four out of the six were recorded in Nsam. Of the two members of the Anopheles gambiae complex collected, An. coluzzii was the most prevalent. Anopheles coluzzii was the most abundant species in Nsam, while An. funestus was the most abundant in Mendong. Both Anopheles funestus and An. gambiae s.l. were found to be infected with human Plasmodium at both sites, and both were found to be resistant to DDT, permethrin, and deltamethrin. This study confirms the participation of An. funestus in malaria transmission in Yaoundé and highlights the need to also target this species for sustainable control of malaria transmission.
Les résultats cosmologiques de la mission Planck
Authors: Aghanim Nabila , Dole Hervé
Published: February 2020

Le satellite Planck a été lancé en 2009 pour mesurer avec une précision sans précédent les propriétés du rayonnement fossile – aussi appelé fond diffus cosmologique, sorte d’écho lumineux du Big Bang.

Les scientifiques de la collaboration Planck ont publié plusieurs séries de résultats, parmi lesquels les mesures les plus précises jamais obtenues de l’âge et de la composition globale de l’Univers. De plus, les données apportent un éclairage nouveau sur deux périodes particulièrement énigmatiques : l’inflation juste après le Big Bang, et la sortie des « âges sombres » quand les premières étoiles et galaxies se sont formées. L’analyse des données de Planck fournit, en outre, une mine de renseignements concernant la formation des grandes structures.
Minimum status of trees with given parameters
Authors: Peng Zhene , Zhou Bo
Published: February 2020

The status of a vertex v in a connected graph G is defined as the sum of the distances from v to all other vertices in G. The minimum status of G is the minimum of status of all vertices of G. We give the smallest and largest values for the minimum status of a tree with fixed parameters such as the diameter, the number of pendant vertices, the number of odd vertices, and the number of vertices of degree two, and characterize the unique extremal trees.
Behandlung der Mittelhand- und Phalangenfrakturen
Authors: Terzis Athanasios , Neubrech Florian , Sauerbier Michael
Published: February 2020

Mittelhand- und Phalangenfrakturen sind in der Summe die zweithäufigsten Frakturen der oberen Extremität. Die korrekte Therapie und Nachbehandlung sind essenziell für die Wiederherstellung der Funktion der verletzten Hand. Das bessere Verständnis von Anatomie und Biomechanik der Mittelhand und Phalangen sowie die Entwicklung moderner Implantate erlauben gute Ergebnisse bei der operativen Versorgung, wenn auch die konservative Therapie einen großen Stellenwert hat.
Das antimikrobielle Potenzial ätherischer Öle in der Tiermedizin – mittels Aromatogramm zur gezielten Therapie
Authors: Bismarck Doris
Published: February 2020

Ätherische Öle sind antimikrobielle, volatile Pflanzenstoffe, die auch in der Veterinärmedizin zur Behandlung von Infektionserregern angewandt werden können. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Empfindlichkeit mikrobieller Erreger gegenüber ätherischen Ölen sollte vor einer Therapie ihre In-vitro-Wirksamkeit mittels Aromatogramm bestimmt werden. Beim Agardiffusionstest wird die Wirksamkeit anhand der Hemmhofgröße des mikrobiellen Wachstums eingestuft. Eine aufwendigere Methode ist die Mikrodilution, die die Möglichkeit der Bestimmung einer wirksamen Konzentration des ätherischen Öles bietet.
Prävalenz der pulmonalen Hypertonie bei Dialysepatienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Ortwein J. , Feustel A. , Reichenberger F.
Published: February 2020

Hintergrund Bei Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz ist die pulmonale Hypertonie (PH) eine häufig beschriebene Komplikation mit unterschiedlicher Ätiologie. Die Prävalenzangaben liegen zwischen 17 – 56 %. Ein Zusammenhang mit einer Volumenüberladung bei Dialysepatienten und der PH wird vermutet.

Methoden Allen Patienten des Dialysezentrums des Universitätsklinikums Gießen wurde ein nichtinvasives Screening auf PH angeboten. Bei Verdacht auf eine PH erfolgte die Korrektur der Flüssigkeitsretention anhand der Bioimpedanzspektroskopie mit dem Ziel der Normovolämie. Bei weiterem V. a. PH im erneuten Screening erfolgte eine invasive Abklärung durch Rechtsherzkatheter.

Ergebnisse 52 Patienten stimmten der Untersuchung zu. Im nichtinvasiven Screening wurde eine PH bei 12 Patienten vermutet (23 %). Nach Einstellung auf Normovolämie bestand noch bei 4 Patienten der V. a. PH (7,7 %), der sich in 2 Fällen im Rechtsherzkatheter bestätigte (3,8 %).

Diskussion Bei Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz ist der Verdacht auf PH im nichtinvasiven Screening signifikant mit Überwässerung assoziiert. Nach Korrektur des Flüssigkeitsstatus anhand der Bioimpedanzspektroskopie wurde in unserer Erhebung eine invasiv bestätigte PH in ca. 4 % gefunden.
Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis in dogs in Germany: Are there epidemiological or clinical factors influencing recurrence
rate?
Authors: Hilpert Elisabeth , Tipold Andrea , Meyerhoff Nina , Schwerdt Johannes , Winkler Sandra , Jurina Konrad , Fischer Andrea , Kornberg Marion , Parzefall Birgit , Flegel Thomas
Published: February 2020

Objective Steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA) is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system in dogs. The
present study examined breed and sex predisposition factors based on the population of dogs in Germany as well as epidemiological and clinical factors regarding
the relapse rate of SRMA.

Material and methods Data of 153 dogs with SRMA (SRMA) were analysed retrospectively in this multicentre study. It was investigated whether some dog
breeds that suffer from SRMA were disproportionately more often (n ≥ 5) represented when compared to the total population of dogs in Germany. Furthermore it was
examined which sex is affected more often. Data provided by “Verband für das deutsche Hundewesen“ (VDH) and „Tasso e. V.“ was used as reference data of the
total population. The following factors were investigated with regard to the occurrence of one or more relapses: signalment; body weight; age at first
presentation; time period between last vaccination and onset of clinical signs; clinical signs and timepoint of the first SRMA manifestation; results of
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis at first presentation (nucleated cell count and differentiation, protein concentration); immunglobulin A and C-reactive
protein (CRP) concentrations in serum and CSF; immunosuppressive medication; follow-up data including response to therapy, occurrence of relapses and mortality
including reasons, i. e. due to the disease, therapy or euthanasia.

Results The breed had a statistically significant influence on the development of SRMA (p < 0.05). Beagles and Boxers were affected more often by SRMA
than other breeds in relation to the total population in Germany. Relapses occurred in 29.4 % of the 153 dogs of this study. In contrast to the development of
SRMA, in which male dogs have a significantly increased risk of developing SRMA (p < 0.05), female dogs are more likely to relapse (p = 0.02). Patients on
prednisolone monotherapy had fewer relapses than those with prednisolone and azathioprine in combination (p < 0.05). Younger age (p = 0.071) und lower CRP
concentrations (p = 0.081) at first presentation were tentatively associated with a higher incidence of relapses.

Conclusion The determined breed and sex predispositions support the diagnosis of SRMA arteritis and confirm previous observations. This study allows a
more accurate explanation to owners about the risk of relapse.
Partizipative Gesundheitsforschung in Deutschland – quo
vadis?
Authors: von Peter Sebastian , Bär Gesine , Behrisch Birgit , Bethmann Andreas , Hartung Susanne , Kasberg Azize , Wulff Ines , Wright Michael ,   PartNet
Published: February 2020

Ziel Ansätze der Partizipativen Gesundheitsforschung (PGF)
sind in Deutschland in der Entwicklung. In dieser Arbeit werden geeignete
Förderstrategien für die Umsetzung von Projekten der PGF in
Deutschland aufgezeigt.

Methode Es werden 9 Strategien vorgestellt und diskutiert, die auf
der Grundlage von Forschungserfahrungen von Mitgliedern der
deutschsprachigen und internationalen Netzwerke für PGF erarbeitet
wurden.

Ergebnisse Um PGF in Deutschland zu fördern, müssen
1) Mittel für Partizipation und 2) für die
Beteiligungsprozesse selbst zur Verfügung stehen; 3) in
Ausschreibungen die Aufforderung zur Partizipation grundsätzlich und
4) in speziellen Programmen auch als Förderbedingung verankert
werden; 5) Partizipation formativ evaluiert, 6) die Methodenentwicklung in
diesem Feld spezifisch gefördert und 7) die Gutachtenprozesse
angepasst werden; 8) projektübergreifende Koordinationsstellen
eingerichtet und 9) Modelle und Beispiele für Partizipation
verbreitet werden.

Schlussfolgerungen Soll nicht nur instrumentelle, symbolische oder
Schein-Beteiligung erreicht werden, ist es notwendig, die
Förderbedingungen für PGF in Deutschland anzupassen.
Messung der Rotation der oberen HWS mittels Smartphone
Authors: Vielitz Arne
Published: February 2020

Satpute K, Nalband S, Hall T. The C0–C2 axial rotation test: normal values, intra- and inter-rater reliability and correlation with the flexion rotation test in
normal subjects. J Man Manip Ther 2019; 27: 92–-98. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2018.1533195. Epub 2018 Oct 12
Auf Anruf der TSS gut vorbereitet sein
Authors: Haser Isabel
Published: February 2020

Die Gesundheitspolitik verlangt, dass der Kassenpatient schneller ambulante Termine bei Fachärzten bekommt. Doch wissen Kliniken, was zu tun ist, wenn die Terminservicestelle (TSS) sich bei Ihnen meldet und einen Termin für eine ambulante Behandlung eines Kassenpatienten in einem Haus vereinbaren möchte?
GESUNDHEITSKONGRESS DES WESTENS: „Achtet auf Euch, aber reflektiert“
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: February 2020

Gleich mehrere Veranstaltungen beim Gesundheitskongress des Westens widmen sich den Arbeitsbedingungen von Frauen im Gesundheitswesen. Barbara Puhahn-Schmeiser und Sabrina Roßius etwa klären die Frage: „Was Ärztinnen und Pflegerinnen wirklich wollen“.
SENKRECHTSTARTERIN 2019: Zwischen Ball und Zahlen
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: February 2020

Für die smarte Geschäftsführerin Nina Beikert war schon immer klar, dass sie eine Führungsposition will, weil es ihr Spaß macht Menschen zu entwickeln und Teams zu formen. Unter ihrer Ägide kann Labor Berlin bereits auf viele Erfolge zurückblicken wie die Halbierung der Untersuchungszeit vieler Proben.
THIEME MANAGEMENT AWARD 2018: Weiterhin Volldampf voraus
Authors: Doelfs Guntram , Kohrs Jens
Published: February 2020

Vor einem Jahr erhielten Alexander Schmidtke, jetzt Hauptgeschäftsführer von Regiomed, und Dr. Felix Nensa, Radiologe an der Uniklinik Essen, den Thieme Management Award. Schmidtke stemmt seitdem die Sanierung in Coburg; und Nensa muss auf Kongressen und Fachtagungen noch viel häufiger über Künstliche Intelligenz sprechen.
HAFTUNGSRECHT FÜR KI-SYSTEME: Mensch oder Maschine – wer hat Schuld?
Authors: Jorzig Alexandra
Published: February 2020

Ärzte bzw. Krankenhäuser müssen für Behandlungsfehler einstehen. Der Nachweis ist nicht immer einfach, dennoch geben die bestehenden Gesetze klare Regelungen vor. Doch was passiert, wenn ein Patient unter Zuhilfenahme eines Systems zu Schaden kommt, das von einer künstlichen Intelligenz gesteuert wird?
DIGITALE PLATTFORMEN: Kliniken auf der virtuellen Überholspur
Authors: Schuritz Ronny
Published: February 2020

Sektorale Trennung, Schnittstellenproblematiken, hierarchisches Denken und Inkompabilität der Informationssysteme stellen große Herausforderungen im deutschen Gesundheitsmarkt dar. Es gilt, die einzelnen Akteure intelligent und digital miteinander zu vernetzen.
RADIOMICS: Die nächste Generation der Bildgebung
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: February 2020

Die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) berappt acht Millionen Euro für ein Schwerpunktprogramm „Radiomics“. Die Erwartungen an IT-gestützte, automatisierte Auswertungsmethoden medizinischer Bilddaten sind entsprechend hoch. kma sprach mit Projekt-Koordinator Professor Fabian Bamberg darüber, wie Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) in der Bildgebung den Weg ebnet zu einer personalisierten Medizin.
Ultrahigh-pressure fabrication of single-phase α-PbO2-type TiO2 epitaxial thin films
Authors: Sasahara Yuki , Kanatani Koki , Asoma Hiroaki , Matsuhisa Masayuki , Nishio Kazunori , Shimizu Ryota , Nishiyama Norimasa , Hitosugi Taro
Published: February 2020

Materials that are thermodynamically stable at ultrahigh pressures (>10 GPa) often exhibit unique physical properties. However, few studies have addressed the fabrication of epitaxial thin films of ultrahigh-pressure phases. Herein, we combine epitaxial thin film growth techniques with ultrahigh-pressure synthetic methods. We demonstrate the synthesis of single-phase epitaxial thin films of an ultrahigh-pressure polymorph of TiO2, α-PbO2-type TiO2. A rutile TiO2(100) epitaxial thin film is used as a precursor, and a structural phase transition is induced at 8 GPa and 800–1000 °C. This study demonstrates a new synthetic route to obtain ultrahigh-pressure-phase materials. The fabrication of epitaxial thin film ultrahigh-pressure phases paves the way for investigating the physical properties that arise at surfaces and interfaces of materials.
Simulation of three-dimensional eutectic growth multi-phase field based on OpenCL parallel
Authors: Zhu Changsheng , Guo Xiuting , Feng Li , Uwa Idemudia Christian , Jin Xian
Published: February 2020

Based on the muti-component eutectic multi-phase field model of S. G. Kim, W. T. Kim, T. Suzuki et al. [J. Cryst. Growth 261, 135–158 (2004)], the high-performance computing method of hardware and software architecture of OpenCL + graphics processing unit (GPU) was studied. Taking CBr4–C2Cl6 as an example, the evolution process of large-scale three-dimensional eutectic structure growth is realized by concurrent execution of multiple processes and multiple threads on two heterogeneous platforms of AMD and NVIDIA, respectively. The effects of different initial lamellar spacing and flow on eutectic lamellar morphology were also studied. The results show that, with the increasing of eutectic lamellar spacing, the morphology of eutectic lamellar changes are as follows: the symmetrically steady-state perpendicular to the interface is based on growth, the slightly oscillating state is unstable, and the large oscillating state is unstable; Under the condition of forced convection, the symmetrically alternating growth pattern of the original eutectic lamellar was broken, the melt flow led to the change of eutectic growth morphology, and the eutectic lamellar grew in the opposite direction of the flow. At the same computing scale, compared with the serial algorithm on the central processing unit platform, the acceleration ratio on the single GPU on the heterogeneous platform reaches 24.3 times and 21.6 times respectively, which improves the computing efficiency. At the same time, with its strong floating-point computing power to obtain more accurate simulation results and achieve the dual needs of computational efficiency and portability, it has also proven to solve the problems of a large amount of calculation, low efficiency and limited to qualitative research existing in the traditional phase-field models.
Modeling of demagnetization processes in permanent magnets measured in closed-circuit geometry
Authors: Fliegans J. , Tosoni O. , Dempsey N. M. , Delette G.
Published: February 2020

The hysteresis loops of nucleation-type magnets made of exchange-decoupled grains (i.e., sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets) reflect the discrete character of magnetization switching in such materials. Due to this discrete character, the experimental determination of coercivity depends on the measurement protocol. Finite element modeling allows us to investigate how the pattern of reversed grains develops during sample demagnetization performed under closed-circuit conditions, provided that the basic features of the hysteresigraph are known. Numerical modeling provides a quantitative understanding of the collective effects that are very pronounced in the closed-circuit configuration and shows how they affect both the slope of the demagnetizing curve and the sample coercivity. With a grain coercive field standard deviation adjusted to 0.1 T, it is numerically found that the difference in coercivity between closed- and open-circuit configurations is 40 kA/m, in good agreement with previous experimental data.
Nonisotropic chaotic vibrations of a 2D hyperbolic PDE
Authors: Xiang Qiaomin , Yang Qigui
Published: February 2020

Little seems to be known about the chaos of the two-dimensional (2D) hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs). The objective of this paper is to study the nonisotropic chaotic vibrations of a system governed by a 2D linear hyperbolic PDE with mixed derivative terms (MDTs) and a nonlinear boundary condition (NBC), where the interaction between MDTs and NBC causes the energy of such a system to rise and fall. The 2D hyperbolic system is proved to be topologically conjugate with the corresponding Riemann invariants, which are rigorously proved to be chaotic. Two numerical examples are carried out to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Sensitivity of 2DEG-based Hall-effect sensors at high temperatures
Authors: Alpert H. S. , Chapin C. A. , Dowling K. M. , Benbrook S. R. , Köck H. , Ausserlechner U. , Senesky D. G.
Published: February 2020

The magnetic sensitivity of Hall-effect sensors made of InAlN/GaN and AlGaN/GaN heterostructures was measured between room temperature and 576 °C. Both devices showed decreasing voltage-scaled magnetic sensitivity at high temperatures, declining from 53 mV/V/T to 8.3 mV/V/T for the InAlN/GaN sample and from 89 mV/V/T to 8.5 mV/V/T for the AlGaN/GaN sample, corresponding to the decreasing electron mobility due to scattering effects at elevated temperatures. Alternatively, current-scaled sensitivities remained stable over the temperature range, only varying by 13.1% from the mean of 26.3 V/A/T and 10.5% from the mean of 60.2 V/A/T for the InAlN/GaN and AlGaN/GaN samples, respectively. This is due to the minimal temperature dependence of the electron sheet density on the 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Both devices showed consistency in their voltage- and current-scaled sensitivity over multiple temperature cycles as well as nearly full recovery when returned to room temperature after thermal cycling. Additionally, an AlGaN/GaN sample held at 576 °C for 12 h also showed nearly full recovery at room temperature, further suggesting that GaN-based Hall-effect sensors are a good candidate for use in high temperature applications.
Experiment sheds light on dune hydrodynamics
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: February 2020

Researchers observed how flow vorticity and turbulence structures form a series of dunes
Large area, patterned growth of 2D MoS2 and lateral MoS2–WS2 heterostructures for nano- and opto-electronic applications
Authors: Sharma Akhil , Mahlouji Reyhaneh , Wu Longfei , Verheijen Marcel A , Vandalon Vincent , Balasubramanyam Shashank , Hofmann Jan P , (Erwin) Kessels W M M , Bol Ageeth A
Published: February 2020

The patterned growth of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and their lateral heterostructures is paramount for the fabrication of application-oriented electronics and optoelectronics devices. However, the large scale patterned growth of TMDs remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of patterned polycrystalline 2D MoS2 thin films on device ready SiO2/Si substrates, eliminating any etching and transfer steps using a combination of plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) and thermal sulfurization. As an inherent advantage of ALD, precise thickness control ranging from a monolayer to few-layered MoS2 has been achieved. Furthermore, uniform films with exceptional conformality over 3D structures are obtained. Finally, the approach has been leveraged to obtain in-plane lateral heterostructures of 2D MoS2 and WS2 thin films over a large area which opens up an avenue for their direct integration in future nano- and opto-electronic device applications.
Ambient-pressure high-temperature superconductivity in stoichiometric hydrogen-free covalent compound BSiC2
Authors: Chen Peng-Jen , Jeng Horng-Tay
Published: February 2020

High superconducting critical temperature (

T

c

) of 73.6 K at ambient pressure is predicted in BSiC2 by means of the first-principles electron–phonon calculations. Without the need for doping or pressurization, the stoichiometric BSiC2 exhibits strong electron–phonon coupling (EPC) and highest

T

c

among BCS-superconductors at ambient pressure. Also, it is hydrogen-free that makes easier the sample growth. The dramatic softening of the

E

2
g

mode is the main account for the strong EPC. In addition, we find that BC3, derived from the replacement of Si in BSiC2 by another C, is also superconducting with a high

T

c

∼ 40 K. Our work indicates that these materials form a new family of high-

T

c

BCS-superconductors at ambient pressure.
Development prospect of Glochidion sericeum as herbal medicine from Sumatra forest
Authors: Hadi EEW , Asmaliyah  , Waluyo EA
Published: February 2020

Disease in degenerative metabolic group requires a long-term treatment. Treatment is done with synthetic drugs which in the long run can cause side effects. Hence, people start looking for alternative treatments using ingredients from nature. Medicines from natural ingredients are also considered to have almost no harmful side effects. One type of plants that has been used by community for generations and is believed to be effective in treating ulcer disease is Glochidion sericeum. However, exploitation of the tree bark, caused the trees to languish and eventually die. So far, there has been no scientific research on the content of active ingredients and biological activity of G. sericeum, as well as the cultivation effort. This research aims to determine content of active ingredients and the efficacy of the tree leaves as herbal medicinal ingredients. The methods used in this study are: 1) Sample preparation, samples are taken from Sukaraja village, Ulu Krui sub-district, Pesisir Barat district, Lampung Province; 2) Quantitative phytochemical screening and 3) Tests of biological activities namely antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemia (anticolesterol) were carried out at the Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjar Baru, South Kalimantan. The test results showed that the water extract of G. sericeum leaves contained a flavonoid, steroids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins. Based on results of biological activity test, the leaves of G. sericeum have efficacy as an antidiabetic and an anticholesterol.
Characteristics of wood pellet from 5 years old JPP teak (Tectona grandis L.f.)
Authors: Gunawan I , Damayanti A , Muharyani N , Murgunadi  , Amin Y , Pari G
Published: February 2020

The use of renewable energy sources made from wood biomass processed in the form of wood pellets is needed to anticipate the decreasing of fossil energy (petroleum and coal). The wood biomass utilization is not only environmentally friendly and more sustainable, but also can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution, especially when used as power source for electricity generator. Compared to other countries, Indonesia has the potential as a major producer because it’s vast amount of forest and biodiversity that can be used as source of raw materials for wood pellets. With 2.44 million hectares forest area (including 1.22 million hectares of Teak plantation), Perum Perhutani has opportunity to develop energy wood. Large potential source is JPP (Jati Plus Perhutani) Teak wood harvested from first thinning (5 years old) and partly from second thinning (10 years old) which still inadequate for sawn timber. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of wood pellet from 5 years old JPP teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) as energy sources. Characteristics of wood pellet including the value of water content, calorific value, fly ash, ash content, density and sulfur content compared to the SNI 8021: 2014 quality standard. This research used CRD (Complete Random Desaign). The treatments on wood pellet making were of three different temperatures (175°C, 200°C and 225°C) applied at 2 timings (3 and 5 minutes). Samples of 5 years old JPP teak wood were obtained from KPH Cepu. The characteristics of JPP Teak wood pellets tested at the Laboratory of Timber Chemicals, Energy and NTFPs at the Forest Products Research and Development Center Bogor. Characteristics of JPP Teak wood pellets compared to national quality standards (SNI 8021: 2014) were water content (0.78 to 2.64%; max 10%), calorific value (4, 399 to 4, 585 Kcal/Kg; min 4, 000 Kcal/Kg), density (0.63 to 0.92 gr/cm3; min 0.8 gr/cm3), fly ash level (77.68 to 79.01%; max 80%), carbon content (17.16 up to 18.16%, min 14%), ash content (3.63 to 4.56%; max 1.2%) and sulfur content (0.01 to 0.02%; max 0.05%). The higher pressing temperature and time, tend to decreasing water content, sulfur content and fly ash content and increasing density and carbon content. The conclusion of this study was that 5-year-old JPP Teak wood can be used as raw material for making Wood Pellets which can meet national quality standards (SNI 8021: 2014) except for the ash content.
An investigation on structural and optical properties of nanocolumnar ZnTe thin films grown by glancing angle technique
Authors: Zarei R , Ehsani M H , Dizaji H Rezaghiolipour
Published: February 2020

In this paper, Zinc Telluride (ZnTe) thin films have been deposited on glass substrate by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique at different flux angles. The structural and optical properties of the prepared specimens have been studied with the help of x-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM, and UV–vis analyses, respectively. According to these tests, remarkable changes in the morphology and the structure of the as-prepared samples have occurred. More significantly, using UV–vis analysis the optical properties including refractive index and band gap energy of the samples have been modified at higher deposition angles, which are promising to be applicable in optoelectronic devices.
Marker controlled superpixel nuclei segmentation and automatic counting on immunohistochemistry staining images
Authors: Shu Jie , Liu Jingxin , Zhang Yongmei , Fu Hao , Ilyas Mohammad , Faraci Giuseppe , Della Mea Vincenzo , Liu Bozhi , Qiu Guoping
Published: February 2020

Motivation

For the diagnosis of cancer, manually counting nuclei on massive histopathological images is tedious and the counting results might vary due to the subjective nature of the operation.

Results

This paper presents a new segmentation and counting method for nuclei, which can automatically provide nucleus counting results. This method segments nuclei with detected nuclei seed markers through a modified simple one-pass superpixel segmentation method. Rather than using a single pixel as a seed, we created a superseed for each nucleus to involve more information for improved segmentation results. Nucleus pixels are extracted by a newly proposed fusing method to reduce stain variations and preserve nucleus contour information. By evaluating segmentation results, the proposed method was compared to five existing methods on a dataset with 52 immunohistochemically (IHC) stained images. Our proposed method produced the highest mean F1-score of 0.668. By evaluating the counting results, another dataset with more than 30 000 IHC stained nuclei in 88 images were prepared. The correlation between automatically generated nucleus counting results and manual nucleus counting results was up to R2 = 0.901 (P < 0.001). By evaluating segmentation results of proposed method-based tool, we tested on a 2018 Data Science Bowl (DSB) competition dataset, three users obtained DSB score of 0.331 ± 0.006.

Availability and implementation

The proposed method has been implemented as a plugin tool in ImageJ and the source code can be freely downloaded.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nubeam-dedup: a fast and RAM-efficient tool to de-duplicate sequencing reads without mapping
Authors: Dai Hang , Guan Yongtao
Published: February 2020

We present Nubeam-dedup, a fast and RAM-efficient tool to de-duplicate sequencing reads without reference genome. Nubeam-dedup represents nucleotides by matrices, transforms reads into products of matrices, and based on which assigns a unique number to a read. Thus, duplicate reads can be efficiently removed by using a collisionless hash function. Compared with other state-of-the-art reference-free tools, Nubeam-dedup uses 50–70% of CPU time and 10–15% of RAM.

Availability and implementation

Source code in C++ and manual are available at https://github.com/daihang16/nubeamdedup and https://haplotype.org.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
6mA-Finder: a novel online tool for predicting DNA N6-methyladenine sites in genomes
Authors: Xu Haodong , Hu Ruifeng , Jia Peilin , Zhao Zhongming
Published: February 2020

Motivation

DNA N6-methyladenine (6 mA) has recently been found as an essential epigenetic modification, playing its roles in a variety of cellular processes. The abnormal status of DNA 6 mA modification has been reported in cancer and other disease. The annotation of 6 mA marks in genome is the first crucial step to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms including its regulatory roles.

Results

We present a novel online DNA 6 mA site tool, 6 mA-Finder, by incorporating seven sequence-derived information and three physicochemical-based features through recursive feature elimination strategy. Our multiple cross-validations indicate the promising accuracy and robustness of our model. 6 mA-Finder outperforms its peer tools in general and species-specific 6 mA site prediction, suggesting it can provide a useful resource for further experimental investigation of DNA 6 mA modification.

Availability and implementation

https://bioinfo.uth.edu/6mA_Finder.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Assessing the accuracy of predictive models with interval-censored data
Authors: Wu Ying , Cook Richard J
Published: February 2020

We develop methods for assessing the predictive accuracy of a given event time model when the validation sample is comprised of case $K$ interval-censored data. An imputation-based, an inverse probability weighted (IPW), and an augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) estimator are developed and evaluated for the mean prediction error and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve when the goal is to predict event status at a landmark time. The weights used for the IPW and AIPW estimators are obtained by fitting a multistate model which jointly considers the event process, the recurrent assessment process, and loss to follow-up. We empirically investigate the performance of the proposed methods and illustrate their application in the context of a motivating rheumatology study in which human leukocyte antigen markers are used to predict disease progression status in patients with psoriatic arthritis.
Reconsidering the notions of process, order and stability in Veblen
Authors: Martins Nuno Ornelas
Published: February 2020

Tony Lawson has recently provided an original assessment of the notions of process, order and stability in the writings of Thorstein Veblen, in which he attributes to Veblen an ideational conception of order, while also arguing that Veblen changed his views on the causes of stability, which in earlier writings were attributed to institutions and the ceremonial aspects of life, and in later writings are to be found in human nature. In so doing, Lawson moves away from previous interpretations of Veblen, including Lawson’s own in some respects, especially on the nature of institutions. Here I further extend Lawson’s new interpretation of Veblen in some respects, while challenging some aspects of it. In particular, I discuss whether Veblen really changed his view on the causes of stability, while proposing a generalisation of the Veblenian dichotomy.
Structured reviews for data and knowledge-driven research
Authors: Queralt-Rosinach Núria , Stupp Gregory S , Li Tong Shu , Mayers Michael , Hoatlin Maureen E , Might Matthew , Good Benjamin M , Su Andrew I
Published: February 2020

Hypothesis generation is a critical step in research and a cornerstone in the rare disease field. Research is most efficient when those hypotheses are based on the entirety of knowledge known to date. Systematic review articles are commonly used in biomedicine to summarize existing knowledge and contextualize experimental data. But the information contained within review articles is typically only expressed as free-text, which is difficult to use computationally. Researchers struggle to navigate, collect and remix prior knowledge as it is scattered in several silos without seamless integration and access. This lack of a structured information framework hinders research by both experimental and computational scientists. To better organize knowledge and data, we built a structured review article that is specifically focused on NGLY1 Deficiency, an ultra-rare genetic disease first reported in 2012. We represented this structured review as a knowledge graph and then stored this knowledge graph in a Neo4j database to simplify dissemination, querying and visualization of the network. Relative to free-text, this structured review better promotes the principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability (FAIR). In collaboration with domain experts in NGLY1 Deficiency, we demonstrate how this resource can improve the efficiency and comprehensiveness of hypothesis generation. We also developed a read–write interface that allows domain experts to contribute FAIR structured knowledge to this community resource. In contrast to traditional free-text review articles, this structured review exists as a living knowledge graph that is curated by humans and accessible to computational analyses. Finally, we have generalized this workflow into modular and repurposable components that can be applied to other domain areas. This NGLY1 Deficiency-focused network is publicly available at http://ngly1graph.org/.

Availability and implementation

Database URL: http://ngly1graph.org/. Network data files are at: https://github.com/SuLab/ngly1-graph and source code at: https://github.com/SuLab/bioknowledge-reviewer.

Contact

asu@scripps.edu
Development of a 3D human osteoblast cell culture model for studying mechanobiology in orthodontics
Authors: Brezulier Damien , Pellen-Mussi Pascal , Tricot-Doleux Sylvie , Novella Agnès , Sorel Olivier , Jeanne Sylvie
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Mechanobiology phenomena constitute a major element of the cellular and tissue response during orthodontic treatment and the implantation of a biomaterial. Better understanding these phenomena will improve the effectiveness of our treatments. The objective of this work is to validate a model of three-dimensional (3D) culture of osteoblasts to study mechanobiology.

Materials and methods

The hFOB 1.19 cell line was cultured either traditionally on a flat surface or in aggregates called spheroids. They were embedded in 0.8% low-melting agarose type VII and placed in a polyethylene terephthalate transwell insert. Compressive forces of 1 and 4 g/cm2 were applied with an adjustable weight. Proliferation was evaluated by measuring diameters, monitoring glucose levels, and conducting Hoechst/propidium iodide staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays focusing on the pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and bone remodelling factor osteoprotegerin were performed to evaluate soluble factor synthesis. quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate bone marker transcription.

Results

The 3D model shows good cell viability and permits IL dosing. Additionally, three gene expression profiles are analysable.

Limitations

The model allows analysis of conventional markers; larger exploration is needed for better understanding osteoblast mechanobiology. However, it only allows an analysis over 3 days.

Conclusion

The results obtained by applying constant compressive forces to 3D osteoblastic cultures validate this model system for exploring biomolecule release and analysing gene transcription. In particular, it highlights a disturbance in the expression of markers of osteogenesis.