bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the source and eruption dynamics of a stealth CME using NLFFF modelling and MHD simulations
Authors: Yardley S. L. , Pagano P. , Mackay D. H. , Upton L. A.
Published: June 2021

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that exhibit weak or no eruption signatures in the low corona, known as stealth CMEs, are problematic as upon arrival at Earth they can lead to geomagnetic disturbances that were not predicted by space weather forecasters.

Aims. We investigate the origin and eruption of a stealth event that occurred on 2015 January 3 that was responsible for a strong geomagnetic storm upon its arrival at Earth.

Methods. To simulate the coronal magnetic field and plasma parameters of the eruption we use a coupled approach. This approach combines an evolutionary nonlinear force-free field model of the global corona with a MHD simulation.

Results. The combined simulation approach accurately reproduces the stealth event and suggests that sympathetic eruptions occur. In the combined simulation we found that three flux ropes form and then erupt. The first two flux ropes, which are connected to a large AR complex behind the east limb, erupt first producing two near-simultaneous CMEs. These CMEs are closely followed by a third, weaker flux rope eruption in the simulation that originated between the periphery of AR 12252 and the southern polar coronal hole. The third eruption coincides with a faint coronal dimming, which appears in the SDO/AIA 211 Å observations, that is attributed as the source responsible for the stealth event and later the geomagnetic disturbance at 1 AU. The incorrect interpretation of the stealth event being linked to the occurrence of a single partial halo CME observed by LASCO/C2 is mainly due to the lack of STEREO observations being available at the time of the CMEs. The simulation also shows that the LASCO CME is not a single event but rather two near-simultaneous CMEs.

Conclusions. These results show the significance of the coupled data-driven simulation approach in interpreting the eruption and that an operational L5 mission is crucial for space weather forecasting.
Constrained nonsmooth problems of the calculus of variations
Authors: Dolgopolik Maksim
Published: June 2021

The paper is devoted to an analysis of optimality conditions for nonsmooth multidimensional problems of the calculus of variations with various types of constraints, such as additional constraints at the boundary and isoperimetric constraints. To derive optimality conditions, we study generalised concepts of differentiability of nonsmooth functions called codifferentiability and quasidifferentiability. Under some natural and easily verifiable assumptions we prove that a nonsmooth integral functional defined on the Sobolev space is continuously codifferentiable and compute its codifferential and quasidifferential. Then we apply general optimality conditions for nonsmooth optimisation problems in Banach spaces to obtain optimality conditions for nonsmooth problems of the calculus of variations. Through a series of simple examples we demonstrate that our optimality conditions are sometimes better than existing ones in terms of various subdifferentials, in the sense that our optimality conditions can detect the non-optimality of a given point, when subdifferential-based optimality conditions fail to disqualify this point as non-optimal.
Retracted Article: Improving the Professional Risk Management System for Methane and Coal Dust Explosions Using a Risk-based Approach
Authors: Tyuleneva Tatiana , Kabanov Evgeny , Moldazhanov Marat , Plotnikov Evgeny
Published: June 2021

The second author of the article, namely Evgeny Kabanov, did not
consent to the publication of the results of his research and inclusion in
the list of authors.
The authors, the editor and the Publisher agreed with the retraction.
Dynamics of students’ eco-consciousness under conditions of an unstable epidemiological situation
Authors: Smagina Svetlana , Kadnikova Oksana , Rolgayzer Anastasia , Stepanova Tatiana , Mikhailov Vladimir
Published: June 2021

This article deals with the problem of studying the ecological consciousness of students at the stage of the growing pandemic. The authors analyze the main theoretical approaches to the structural organization of eco-consciousness in foreign and domestic psychology. The need for the formation of public eco-consciousness and environmentally oriented values among the modern youth is substantiated. An empirical study of the eco-consciousness structure of students with different degrees of involvement in natural objects, processes and phenomena in an unstable epidemiological situation is presented. High indicators of anthropocentric and archaic types of eco-consciousness are revealed. The attained results can be used by university teachers and practical psychologists to create psychological and pedagogical means of organizing the professional and educational environment at University. It will allow to manage the process of developing the environmental competence of students of different specialties.
Methodological Prerequisites for the Formation of a Favorable Investment Climate in Mining Regions in Terms of their Implementation of the Concept of Sustainable Development
Authors: Alexandrov Gennady , Iablonev Aleksandr
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study involves the development of new methodological approaches to solving the urgent problem of implementing the concept of sustainable development in the country, its regions, industries and enterprises. It is clear, that the specifics of the mining activity predetermines both the special nature of interests, contradictions and industrial relations, developing in this area, and the adequacy of the approach to setting and solving the tasks of achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). They consist, firstly, in determining the influence of investment processes on the formation of a balanced system of sustainable development of the region, in which financial and economic goals would be harmonized with environmental and social processes, and, secondly, in developing a methodology and a specific method of diagnostics and assessment systems of factors, that manifest themselves as barriers and restrictions, threats and challenges. At the end, the obtained results of the study should contribute to significant progress in solving the problem of attracting investments and implementing the concept of sustainable development of mining regions.
Environmental Import Substitution in the System of Sustainable Development of the "Green" Economy
Authors: Balabanova Anna , Kuznetsov Alexey , Gostieva Nina
Published: June 2021

Currently, the economic systems of developed countries are undergoing structural transformations associated with the deployment of a new environmentally oriented industrial sector on a new technological environmentally friendly basis. For technologically catching-up countries, including those focused on the extraction of natural resources, the task is to critically understand the modification of this trend, since the deindustrialization processes led to the loss of many modern manufacturing industries, which resulted in a deep import dependence on resource-saving technologies and equipment. This results in the wasteful use of the resource base of the economy and the lack of recycling, in increasing pollution and lagging behind in terms of environmental industrial technologies. Ineffective institutions and international financial and technological restrictions reduce the effect of stimulating environmental import substitution by the state, hinder the development of its reproductive mechanisms that can provide a positive trend in economic dynamics. Therefore, the development of environmental import substitution, integrating the resource availability of the economy and environmental imperatives, technologies for the careful use of resources and their recycling, determines the prospects for sustainable development of the economy as a whole.
Sustainable Development and Future Mining Engineers’ Competitiveness: Axiological and Personality Aspects
Authors: Shalimova Dina
Published: June 2021

In line with the person-centered approach, the article deals with the 'competitive ability' of the future mining engineer from psychological and pedagogical points of view. The axiological and personal agency criteria of competitiveness are accentuated. The role of self-esteem in the system of value-oriented and motivational parameters of the competitive graduate is identified. Methods of research are: polling, diagnostic testing. The research exposed self-acceptance of competitive qualities as one of the factors of the graduate's competitive ability development. The exposed factor can be used for further elaboration of potential competitiveness criteria and considered when creating the corresponding pedagogical environment in the “Mining engineering” training program.
A computational study of transmission dynamics for dengue fever with a fractional approach
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Chauhan R.P. , Singh Jagdev , Kumar Devendra
Published: June 2021

Fractional derivatives are considered an influential weapon in terms of analysis of infectious diseases because of their nonlocal nature. The inclusion of the memory effect is the prime advantage of fractional-order derivatives. The main objective of this article is to investigate the transmission dynamics of dengue fever, we consider generalized Caputo-type fractional derivative (GCFD) (CD0β,σ) for alternate representation of dengue fever disease model. We discuss the existence and uniqueness of the solution of model by using fixed point theory. Further, an adaptive predictor-corrector technique is utilized to evaluate the considered model numerically.
Nonfactor Therapies: New Approaches to Prophylactic Treatment of Haemophilia
Authors: Chowdary Pratima
Published: June 2021

For several decades, the treatment of haemophilia has relied on factor replacement therapy, which restores haemostasis by replacing the missing coagulation factor. In recent years, novel alternative therapies for the treatment of haemophilia in patients with and without inhibitors have been developed. These emergent therapies promote haemostasis by mimicking coagulation factors or inhibiting natural anticoagulants. They provide a less invasive route of administration (i.e. subcutaneous) and some offer reduced frequency of dosing (i.e. every 2 weeks, monthly) compared with the majority of factor replacement therapies, and thus have the potential to simplify treatment, increase adherence and subsequently improve outcomes for patients. Their introduction has transformed the care of haemophilia patients with inhibitors to factor VIII, with similar expectation for haemophilia B patients with inhibitors. However, these therapies also come with several new challenges including their limitation to prophylactic treatment, the observed increased incidence of thrombosis, or their impact on the natural history of the disease and potential disruption of existing treatment guidelines like the use of immune tolerance induction. Moreover, questions remain regarding the long-term impact of non-replacement therapies on joint health as well as the optimal strategy to manage breakthrough bleeds in patients with inhibitors.
Berufliche Teilhabe nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation aufgrund
pneumologischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Zollmann Pia , Streibelt Marco
Published: June 2021

Ziel der Studie Für das deutsche Rehabilitationssystem existieren
nur wenige repräsentative Erkenntnisse zur beruflichen
Wiedereingliederung nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation. Für
Personen, die aufgrund einer Atemwegserkrankung eine Rehabilitation in
Trägerschaft der Deutschen Rentenversicherung (DRV) absolvierten, soll
deshalb ermittelt werden, (a) welche sozialmedizinischen Risiken im Vorfeld der
Rehabilitation bestehen, (b) wie gut die berufliche Teilhabe im Anschluss
gelingt und (c) welche Informationen mit der beruflichen Teilhabe assoziiert
sind.

Methodik Die Fragen wurden anhand der Reha-Statistik-Datenbasis der DRV
beantwortet. Eingeschlossen wurden Rehabilitanden, die in 2016 eine medizinische
Rehabilitation mit einer 1. Entlassdiagnose aus dem Kapitel J der ICD-10
abgeschlossen hatten. Die Analysen wurden für die Gesamtgruppe sowie
differenziert nach den beiden Haupterkrankungen Asthma bronchiale und COPD
durchgeführt. Berufliche Teilhabe wurde sowohl über eine
monatliche Zustandsvariable bis 24 Monate nach der Rehabilitation als auch als
Quote aller Personen, die nach 12 respektive 24 Monaten im Erhebungsmonat und
den 3 vorhergehenden Monaten sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt
waren, operationalisiert. Für die Analyse der Einflussfaktoren auf
stabile berufliche Teilhabe wurden multiple logistische Regressionsmodelle mit
schrittweisem Einschluss, getrennt für die Quoten nach 12 und 24
Monaten, kalkuliert.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt flossen 19 287 Datensätze in die
Analyse ein (Asthma bronchiale: n=9108, 47%; COPD:
n=6215, 32%). Pneumologische Patienten waren durchschnittlich 53
Jahre alt, beide Geschlechter waren gleich verteilt. 14% wiesen keine
Fehlzeiten, 11% 6 Monate und mehr im Jahr vor der Reha auf. Bei 39 bzw.
38% wurde eine psychische bzw. kardiologische Komorbidität
dokumentiert. Insgesamt wiesen Patienten mit einer COPD größere
sozialmedizinische Risiken vor der Reha auf als Asthma-Patienten.
Dementsprechend verblieben COPD-Patienten nur etwa zur Hälfte in aktiver
Beschäftigung, während dies etwa 80% der
Asthma-Patienten gelang. Die stärksten Einflussfaktoren auf stabile
berufliche Teilhabe waren die Fehlzeiten sowie das Entgelt vor
Rehabilitation.

Schlussfolgerung Etwa 2 Drittel aller Personen mit Atemwegserkrankungen
sind nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation in Deutschland wieder stabil in
Arbeit, wobei große Unterschiede zwischen Asthma bronchiale und COPD
bestehen. Insbesondere die Fehlzeiten sowie das Entgelt vor Reha determinieren
dies. Die Analyse stellt erstmals repräsentative Daten zur beruflichen
Wiedereingliederung nach medizinischer Rehabilitation aufgrund einer
Atemwegserkrankung vor.
Pelvic Reconstruction following Abdominoperineal Resection and Pelvic Exenteration: Management Practices among Plastic and Colorectal Surgeons
Authors: Stein Michael J. , Karir Aneesh , Hanson Melissa N. , Cavale Naveen , Almoudaris Alex M. , Voineskos Sophocles
Published: June 2021

Background Pelvic reconstruction with a muscle flap significantly improves postoperative outcomes following abdominoperineal resection (APR). Despite it being the gold standard, significant surgeon-selection bias remains with respect to the necessity of pelvic obliteration, flap choice, and ostomy placement. The objective of the study was to characterize management practices among colorectal surgeons (CSs) and plastic surgeons (PSs).

Methods Specialty-specific surveys were distributed electronically to CSs and PSs via surgical societies. Surveys were designed to illustrate geographic and specialty-specific differences in management.

Results Of 106 (54 CSs and 52 PSs) respondents (58% Canada, 21% Europe, 14% the United States, and 6% Asia/Africa), significant interdisciplinary differences in practices were observed. Most respondents indicated that multidisciplinary meetings were not performed (74% of CSs and 78% of PSs). For a nonradiated pelvic dead space with small perineal defect, 91% of CSs and 56% of PSs indicated that flap reconstruction was not required. For a radiated pelvic dead space with small perineal defect, only 54% of CSs and 6% of PSs indicated that there was no need for flap reconstruction. With respect to ostomy placement, 87% of CSs and 21% of PSs indicated that stoma placement through the rectus was superior. When two ostomies were required, most CSs preferred exteriorizing ostomies through bilateral recti and requesting thigh-based reconstruction. PSs favored the vertical rectus abdominis muscle (VRAM; 52%) over the gracilis (23%) and inferior gluteal artery perforator (IGAP; 23%) flaps. Among PSs, North Americans favor abdominally based flaps (VRAM 60%), while Europeans favor gluteal-based flaps (IGAP 78%).

Conclusion A lack of standardization continues to exist with respect to the reconstruction of pelvic defects following APR and pelvic exenteration. Geographic and interdisciplinary biases with respect to ostomy placement, flap choice, and role for pelvic obliteration continues to influence reconstructive practices. These cases should continue to be approached on a case by case basis, driven by pathology, presence of radiation, comorbidities, and the size of the pelvic and perineal defect.
Do Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections Prior to Total Knee Arthroplasty Increase Postoperative Complication Rates: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Rhode David T. , Siegel Matthew A. , Volchenko Elan , Patetta Michael J. , Schwarzman Garrett R. , Chmell Samuel J. , Gonzalez Mark H.
Published: June 2021

There is conflicting literature suggesting that intra-articular corticosteroid injections before total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may lead to an increase in the rate of postoperative complications, specifically periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Thus, this retrospective review of all TKAs performed at a large, urban hospital will add valuable evidence to help guide future patient care. After exclusion criteria, we retrospectively reviewed 417 patients who received a TKA from a group of fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons between 2009 and 2016 at a single academic medical center. Minimum follow-up time was 1 year. Patients were separated into two groups: those who received a preoperative intra-articular corticosteroid injection and those who did not receive an injection. Subgroups were created based on the timing of their most recent preoperative injection: 0 to 3 months, 3 to 6 months, 6 to 12 months, 12+ months, and an unknown time period. Postoperative outcomes for PJI, revision TKA, and manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) were analyzed via a Chi-square test. No statistically significant postoperative differences were observed between groups: PJI (p = 0.904), revision TKA (p = 0.206), and MUA (p = 0.163). The temporal subgroups also failed to demonstrate a statistically significant result: PJI (p = 0.348), revision TKA (p = 0.701), and MUA (p = 0.512). This study revealed no absolute or temporal association between preoperative, intra-articular corticosteroid injections, and complications after TKA. Because these injections are a commonly used treatment modality prior to TKA, further studies should be conducted on a nationwide basis to draw more concrete conclusions.
Results of Robotic-Assisted Versus Manual Total Knee Arthroplasty at 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Marchand Kevin B. , Moody Rachel , Scholl Laura Y. , Bhowmik-Stoker Manoshi , Taylor Kelly B. , Mont Michael A. , Marchand Robert C.
Published: June 2021

Robotic-assisted technology has been developed to optimize the consistency and accuracy of bony cuts, implant placements, and knee alignments for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). With recently developed designs, there is a need for the reporting longer than initial patient outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare manual and robotic-assisted TKA at 2-year minimum for: (1) aseptic survivorship; (2) reduced Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (r-WOMAC) pain, physical function, and total scores; (3) surgical and medical complications; and (4) radiographic assessments for progressive radiolucencies. We compared 80 consecutive cementless robotic-assisted to 80 consecutive cementless manual TKAs. Patient preoperative r-WOMAC and demographics (e.g., age, sex, and body mass index) were not found to be statistically different. Surgical data and medical records were reviewed for aseptic survivorship, medical, and surgical complications. Patients were administered an r-WOMAC survey preoperatively and at 2-year postoperatively. Mean r-WOMAC pain, physical function, and total scores were tabulated and compared using Student's t-tests. Radiographs were reviewed serially throughout patient's postoperative follow-up. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. The aseptic failure rates were 1.25 and 5.0% for the robotic-assisted and manual cohorts, respectively. Patients in the robotic-assisted cohort had significantly improved 2-year postoperative r-WOMAC mean pain (1 ± 2 vs. 2 ± 3 points, p = 0.02), mean physical function (2 ± 3 vs. 4 ± 5 points, p = 0.009), and mean total scores (4 ± 5 vs, 6 ± 7 points, p = 0.009) compared with the manual TKA. Surgical and medical complications were similar in the two cohorts. Only one patient in the manual cohort had progressive radiolucencies on radiographic assessment. Robotic-assisted TKA patients demonstrated improved 2-year postoperative outcomes when compared with manual patients. Further studies could include multiple surgeons and centers to increase the generalizability of these results. The results of this study indicate that patients who undergo robotic-assisted TKA may have improved 2-year postoperative outcomes.
Association between Patellofemoral Anatomy and Chondral Lesions of the Knee in Patellofemoral Instability
Authors: O'Malley Olivia , Choudhury Aliya , Biggs Alexandra , Humdani Alina J. , Brown Oliver , Smith Toby O. , Ejindu Vivian , Hing Caroline B.
Published: June 2021

Chondral injury is a serious consequence of patellar dislocation and patellofemoral instability (PFI). There is limited data on the relationship between radiological features such as sulcus angle and patellar height to the presence, location, and severity of chondral lesions. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of anatomical variants in patellofemoral instability with injuries sustained due to patellar dislocation. A cohort of 101 patients who had four or more episodes of dislocation or instability undergoing isolated arthroscopy or arthroscopies at the time of corrective realignment surgery were identified. The prevalence of chondral, ligamentous, and meniscal injuries was determined and correlated to the sulcus angle, tibial tubercle trochlear groove distance, and patellar height on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. A total of 101 patients was identified. At arthroscopy, the patella demonstrated the highest incidence of chondral injury (68%) followed by the trochlear groove (40%). Lateral meniscal injuries were noted in 6% of patients, medial meniscal injuries in 2%, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in 3%. Chondral injuries were graded using the Outerbridge criteria and there was a correlation between more severe chondral injuries and a greater tilt angle (p = 0.05). The occurrence of injury to the lateral meniscus was associated with a higher Insall–Salvati ratio (p = 0.05). More severe chondral injuries are seen in patients with a greater tilt angle.
Distal Femoral Replacement for Fractures Allows for Early Mobilization with Low Complication Rates: A Multicenter Review
Authors: Stancil Ryan , Romm Jacob , Lack William , Bohnenkamp Frank , Sems Stephen , Cross William , Cass Joseph , Keeney James , Nam Denis , Nunley Ryan , Fernando Navin , Sassoon Adam
Published: June 2021

Periprosthetic fractures around a total knee arthroplasty (TKA), comminuted and intra-articular femur fractures, or fracture nonunions in osteoporotic bone represent technically challenging problems. This is particularly true when the fracture involves a loose femoral component or the pattern results in suboptimal fixation potential. These clinical indications often arise in an older and comorbid patient population in whom a principal goal of treatment includes allowing for early mobilization. Limited data indicate that arthroplasty via distal femoral replacement (DFR) is a reasonable alternative to open reduction and internal fixation, allowing for early ambulation with low complication rates. We performed a retrospective review of trauma and arthroplasty surgeries at three tertiary referral institutions. Adult patients treated for the above with a DFR were included. Patients with active infection, open and/or high-energy injuries and revisions unrelated to fracture were excluded. Patient demographics, treatment details, and outcomes were assessed. Between 2002 and 2017, 90 DFR's were performed for the above indications with a mean follow-up of 24 months. Postoperatively, 80 patients (88%) were allowed to weight bear as tolerated, and at final follow-up, 9 patients (10%) remained dependent on a wheelchair. The average arc of motion at final follow-up was 95 degrees. There were seven (8%) implant-related complications requiring secondary surgeries: two infections, one with associated component loosening; one fracture of the hinge mechanism and one femoral component failure in conjunction with a patellofemoral dislocation (both requiring revision); one case of patellofemoral arthrosis in a patient with an unresurfaced patella; one periprosthetic fracture with associated wound dehiscence; and one case of arthrofibrosis. In each of these cases, only modular components of the DFR were exchanged. All nonmodular components cemented into the femur or tibia were retained. DFR provides a viable reconstruction option in the treatment of acute distal femur fractures, periprosthetic femur fractures, and fracture nonunions. We noted that in an elderly patient population with high comorbidities, the complication and secondary surgery rates remained relatively low, while allowing for immediate weight bearing.
Repair of a Divergent Elbow Dislocation with Distal Ulnar Fracture in a Dog Using TightRope and External Skeletal Fixation
Authors: Garcia Marcos , Bismuth Camille , Deroy-Bordenave Claire
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to report the outcome in a 6-year-old male English Setter dog that suffered a combination of divergent elbow dislocation and open distal ulnar fracture. This study is a case report. After surgical reduction in the elbow luxation, the dog was treated with the TightRope fixation system used as replacement of the lateral collateral ligament, a radioulnar positional screw, and external skeletal fixation. Removal of all implants was performed 3 months postoperatively. The 6-month follow-up visit found the dog without lameness, displaying normal activity, and with normal elbow range of motion and normal Campbell's test. Successful surgical management was achieved with good long-term results using TightRope, a positional screw, and an external skeletal fixator.
Multiobjective model predictive control design for wind turbines and farms
Authors: Buccafusca Lucas , Beck Carolyn
Published: June 2021

Wind turbine arrays can be viewed as large coupled networks, wherein wake effects limit the available power extraction of turbines downstream. In this paper, we incorporate wake steering and time dependent wind estimation models into a multiobjective wind farm control problem for improving power extraction. We further aim to mitigate the effects of turbulence and power spikes caused by wind passing through upstream turbines. We expand upon a previous heuristic method for the far-field wake problem and apply the algorithm on a model predictive control framework. Simulation results are given, demonstrating improved power output as compared to algorithms that do not incorporate wake steering or wind estimation models.
Non-equilibrium longitudinal optical phonons and their lifetimes
Authors: Ferry David K.
Published: June 2021

Non-equilibrium phonons have been discussed for almost six decades. Here, the nature of the longitudinal optical mode, particularly in polar materials, is discussed along with its lifetime and bottleneck occurrences. The history of non-equilibrium phonons is discussed along with their generation by the relaxation of hot carriers. The role of inter-valley scattering and phonon lifetime is introduced along with the concept of a phonon bottleneck. Various methods of lifetime measurement are introduced. Measurements of the lifetime in a variety of semiconductor materials is reviewed and a possible scaling behavior discussed.
Barnicarndy Graben, southern Canning Basin: stratigraphy defined by the Barnicarndy 1 stratigraphic well
Authors: Normore Leon , Haines Peter W. , Carr Lidena K. , Henson Paul , Zhan Yijie , Wingate Michael T. D. , Zhen Yong Yi , Lu Yongjun , Martin Sarah , Kelsey David , Allen Heidi , Fielding Imogen
Published: June 2021

Funded by Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future initiative and operated by the Geological Survey of Western Australia, the Waukarlycarly 1 deep stratigraphic drillhole was designed to investigate the geology of the little-known Waukarlycarly Embayment and assess the petroleum, mineral, groundwater and CO2 storage potential of the area. Based on consultation with the Western Desert Lands Aboriginal Corporation on the cultural significance of the name, Waukarlycarly, it has been agreed to change the name of the well to Barnicarndy 1 and the tectonic subdivision to the Barnicarndy Graben. This and all future publications will now refer to the Barnicarndy 1 stratigraphic drillhole (previously Waukarlycarly 1) and the Barnicarndy Graben (previously Waukarlycarly Embayment). Drilling commenced on 1 September 2019 and reached a total depth (TD) of 2680.53m on 30 November 2019, recovering more than 2km of continuous core. The cored interval extended from 580m to TD in Neoproterozoic Yeneena Basin dolostone, which was unconformably overlain by a thick, lower Canning Basin Ordovician stratigraphy, including richly fossiliferous marine mudstones with common volcanic ash beds. A major unconformity is located at the top of the Ordovician section where it is overlain by sandstones and muddy diamictites of the Carboniferous–Permian Grant Group, followed by a Cenozoic succession near surface. Ditch cuttings were collected from surface to 580m at 3m intervals. The pre-Grant Group Paleozoic succession is unique within the Canning Basin, indicating that the Barnicarndy Graben’s depositional history is markedly different when compared with adjacent structural subdivisions, such as the Munro Arch and Kidson Sub-basin. Detrital zircon geochronology, biostratigraphy and borehole imaging interpretation assisted in the definition of two new geological units within the Ordovician stratigraphy of Barnicarndy 1: the Yapukarninjarra and Barnicarndy formations. Preliminary routine core analysis data indicates the potential for CO2 storage within the Barnicarndy Formation beneath a Grant Group seal. The well also provides new insights into the structural interpretation of the Barnicarndy Graben.
Reducing the risk of CO2 storage projects through cost effective reservoir characterisation: application of digital core analysis to a CO2 injection reservoir
Authors: Bagheri Mohammad , Knackstedt Mark , Dance Tess , Raab Matthias
Published: June 2021

This paper outlines the influence of reservoir characterisation on the reliability of predicting injected CO2 in the subsurface. Although reservoir characterisation is a key factor in any subsurface project, it is more important in CO2 injection projects into saline aquifers than oil and gas production from confined reservoirs. This work summarises the specific results derived from digital core analysis (DCA) performed on core plugs from the injection interval of CO2CRC’s Otway Stage 3 project. The aim was to determine the rock types from continuous high-resolution imagery on whole-core material and relate these to rock types identified from wireline logs at larger scales. A set of scanning data was acquired and careful calibrations for porosity were developed to offer more quantitative static data along the injection interval. Considering the historically available information from the Otway site, we showed that the results provided more reliable estimation of rock properties compared to conventional core experiments which would lead to a greater confidence in plume migration behaviour. The DCA also had several other advantages compared to conventional core analysis which helped to characterise the reservoir not only more rigorously but also more efficiently by reducing the cost of experiments. These additional advantages include the following:
Measurement of parameters on unconsolidated sections of the cores which were not otherwise measurable
Anisotropic multiphase flow parameters
Obtaining all information on a single core rather than multiple plugs.

This paper shows how the information above could lead to a more reliable prediction of the plume and reduce the risk exposure.
Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea: a threat to the means of livelihood of artisanal fishers in South South region, Nigeria
Authors: Asua Samuel A. , Ugwueze Michael I. , Onah Vincent C.
Published: June 2021

The rising spate of piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, targeting artisanal fishery, is a huge concern regarding security and economy. Relying to a major extent on qualitative primary data, this briefing explores the economic effects of piracy by providing empirical evidence of how the piracy attacks in the Gulf of Guinea contribute to the increasing food security crisis among the coastline population in the South South region, Nigeria. It argues that the increasing piracy on artisanal fishery is a manifest sign of state fragility in the country.
Effective Knowledge Transfer During Biopharmaceutical Technology Transfer
Authors:   Technological University Dublin, Lipa Marty
Published: June 2021

While knowledge management (KM) has been widely applied in other sectors, the international biopharmaceutical sector has struggled with the meaningful and sustained application of effective KM practices. This is evident even though KM has been highlighted in regulatory guidance for over 10 years, and the positive business impact of KM is well recognized in other sectors. This paper focuses on the topic of KM as applied to biopharmaceutical technology transfer, introducing new research that explores the importance and effectiveness of knowledge transfer as an integral component of a biopharmaceutical product technology transfer. Results from multiple sources explored in this paper are well aligned in recognizing that knowledge transfer is very important to enable technology transfer, yet the biopharmaceutical sector is not very effective at this knowledge transfer. This is especially true of tacit knowledge transfer which is often reported to be ineffective. Additional research will further define the barriers to improve knowledge transfer effectiveness and how the biopharmaceutical sector might improve in this area.
Managing Knowledge and Risk – A Literature Review on the Interdependency of QRM and KM as ICH Q10 Enablers
Authors:   Technological University Dublin, Lipa Marty
Published: June 2021

Quality Risk Management (QRM) and Knowledge Management (KM) have been positioned as co-enablers to the Pharmaceutical Quality System since the 2010 issuance of ICH Q10. Yet these disciplines have remained largely distinct and disconnected in practice. This paper presents a two-part literature review on this topic. First is a review of how other industries have connected risk management and knowledge management. This is followed by a review of relevant biopharmaceutical industry regulatory guidance to explore expectations for how risk, risk management, knowledge and knowledge management are interdependent. The results suggest there is a strong argument in favor of linking risk management and knowledge management and other industries have demonstrated benefits in doing so. Furthermore, the review of the biopharmaceutical industry regulatory guidance shows the clear and persistent benefits of connecting the expectations of managing risk and knowledge together. A key conclusion is that risk varies inversely with knowledge application and therefore, a lower level of risk to quality (and ultimately to the patient) can be achieved through risk management practices when a thoughtful and programmatic approach to knowledge management is in place, providing the best possible knowledge to assess and control risk.
Development and Validation of an Immunoenzymatic Assay for Pig IgG Quantification in Serum Samples
Authors:   Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology - Cuba, Machin Yelieny
Published: June 2021

This research describes the development and validation of a sandwich-type Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) assay based on a sheep polyclonal antibody developed to determine porcine immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in serum samples. The coating and blocking conditions were established. The immunoassay demonstrated the ability to specifically quantify pig IgG in serum samples without reacts with rabbit or mouse IgG, evaluated in serum and ascites, respectively. Given its precision, specificity and accuracy, this ELISA is a tool for the measurement of IgG in porcine serum samples, to evaluate the humoral immune status of pigs.
Concentric double hollow grid cathode discharges. Spectral investigations and phenomenological approach
Authors: Konrad-Soare C T , Enescu F , Dimitriu D G , Dobromir M , Teodorescu-Soare E G , Mazzanti F , Irimiciuc S A , Ionita C , Schrittwieser R
Published: June 2021

A discharge plasma is created by simultaneously biasing two concentric spherical grids with axisymmetric orifices. In this geometry, space charge structures in the form of multiple quasi-spherical luminous plasma bodies appear simultaneously inside and around the cathodes. The plasma formations are highly interdependent supplying each other with the particle flow and current closure necessary for the maintenance of the discharge. To diagnose these structures, space-resolved cold Langmuir probe measurements and optical emission spectroscopy investigations were performed in the axial direction allowing for the mapping of the axial profiles of plasma potential, electron temperature and density, ion density and optical emission. The existence of an accelerating double layer in the vicinity of the holes has been confirmed here, and in previous research (Teodorescu-Soare C T et al 2016 Phys. Scr.
91 034002; Schrittwieser R W et al 2017 Phys. Scr.
92 044001; Teodorescu-Soare C T et al 2019 Int. J. Mass Spectrom.
436 83). Besides the assessment of the relationship between discharge conditions and plasma parameters in the novel cathode system, the importance of a multiple concentric cathode discharge configuration is revealed for deposition applications.
Gravitational Leptogenesis in Bounce Cosmology
Authors: Barrie Neil D.
Published: June 2021

We investigate whether successful Gravitational Leptogenesis can take place during an Ekpyrotic contraction phase. Two possible paths by which this can occur are coupling the Ekpyrotic scalar to a gravitational Chern-Simons term, or to a U(1) gauge field Chern-Simons term. These couplings lead to the production of chiral gravitational waves, which generate a lepton number asymmetry through the gravitational-lepton number anomaly. This lepton asymmetry is subsequently reprocessed by equilibrium sphaleron processes to produce a baryon asymmetry. We find successful Gravitational Leptogenesis to be possible in Ekpyrotic bounce cosmologies through both of these mechanisms.
Droplet Deformation under Conditions of Neutral Buoyancy
Authors: Denisova M O , Kostarev K G
Published: June 2021

One of the classical problems of hydrodynamics is the problem of droplet deformation in the state of neutral buoyancy under the action of an external force. It is assumed that if the droplet size is initially equal to or less than the capillary diameter, it takes the shape of a regular sphere, regardless of the density gradient in the environment and the droplet, the degree of their mutual solubility, the possibility of Marangoni convection, and the time elapsed since the creation of the system of liquids. To elucidate the influence of these unaccounted factors as well as that of initial deformation of the droplet, we experimentally studied the evolution of the shape of large-diameter droplets in the solution with density stratification. The droplet behaviour was studied in the case when it took the form of a spheroid flattened vertically under the action of gravity. The interferometer was used to visualize the distribution of solution concentration near the drop. The dependence of the ratio of the vertical to horizontal diameter of the droplet on time and the average concentration gradient in the surrounding medium was determined.
Study of Viscoelastic Properties of Fluids for Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Efremov D V , Bannikova I A , Bayandin Yu V , Krutihin E V , Zhuravlev V A
Published: June 2021

The study focuses on the rheological behavior of a fluid based on a viscoelastic surfactant (Surfogel grade D, type 70-100, produced by JSC “Polyex”) in wide range of strain rates. This fluid is used for hydraulic fracturing technology as a proppant-carrying and proppant-retaining fluid in order to enhance oil recovery, including those with hard-to-recover oil and gas reserves. Quasi-static experiments to determine the values of the dynamic viscosity of the fluids under study were carried out using a falling ball viscometer (according to the Stokes method). The viscoelastic properties of fluids were studied using a Physica MCR501 rheometer with a cone-plane measuring system and an original rheometer with coaxial cylinders measuring system. The rheological properties of the fluid with the addition of proppant were studied using a Rheolab QS rheometer with a measuring system of the type of coaxial cylinders. The analysis of the rheological properties of fluids based on a viscoelastic surfactant has been carried out, and it has been established that fluids based on a viscoelastic surfactant has stable rheological properties over the entire range of strain rates, including fluid with proppant concentration up to 20%.
Study of the Influence of the Time of Mechanical Processing of Powder Mixture of Composition Ti – 25 wt. % TiN in a Planetary Mill on the Characteristics of Composite Particles
Authors: Drozdov V O , Chesnokov A E , Cherepanov A N , Smirnov A V
Published: June 2021

In this work, by the method of mechanical processing in a high-energy planetary mill of titanium powder (PTS – 1) and ceramic powder of titanium nitride, composite particles with a size of 10 to 100 μm were obtained, in the volume of which ultrafine particles of titanium nitride are distributed. It is assumed that the use of such particles in powder spraying by cold or thermal spray will increase the homogeneity of the distribution of refractory elements in the coating volume. Depending on the time of mechanical treatment of the powder mixture containing three weight fractions of ultrafine particles of titanium nitride, agglomerated composite particles were obtained. Their granulometric composition and surface morphology were studied; a map of the distribution of elements over the surface and volume of the particle material is obtained. It is noted that during mechanical processing of materials in a planetary mill, the behavior of titanium nitride particles is similar to the role of a surfactant. It is shown that the time of mechanical processing of the powder mixture for three minutes is optimal: composite particles have an average size of 38 microns; mass fraction of particles of fraction 20 – 90 μm more than 60 %.
Computer Simulation of Elastomeric Blade and Annular Specimens Testing Taking into Account the Deformation Rate of Their Working Parts
Authors: Garishin Oleg K , Pelevin Alexander G , Sokolov Alexander K
Published: June 2021

Computer simulation of blade and annular samples made of polymer viscoelastic materials testing has been carried out. Calculations have shown that the rate of material deformation in the working part of the blade specimen can differ significantly from that calculated by the movement of tensile testing machine grips. This is due to the unevenness of the cross-section of blade sample: in the middle (working part) it is constant, and at the ends its area increases. As a result, inhomogeneous stress fields arise in the material, which leads to a variable deformation rate of the specimen working part, even in case when grips move at a constant speed. This effect is not significant at small deformations and a low strain rate and can be ignored in principle. However, in the case of large extensions high speeds, it can seriously distort the test results. According to the authors, the way out of this situation is that, in experiments with viscoelastic polymers, it is better to use annular specimens with the same cross-section along the entire length, rather than blade ones. As shown by computer calculations, in this case, this problem almost completely ceases to exist.
Approaches to Calculating Loads on Interchamber Pillars under Incomplete Undermined Conditions
Authors: Glebova P A
Published: June 2021

The paper uses mathematical modeling to calculate loads on interchamber pillars under incomplete undermined conditions by using the room and pillar system at great depths and by retaining rigid barrier pillars. The approaches are based on the method of the fictitious pillars, as well as the method of forming a rock pressure arch in the incompletely undermined area. The unloading effect of the barrier pillars on the interchamber pillars is shown, the distribution of vertical loads is obtained, and the height of the rock pressure arch is calculated.
Semicontact AFM Mode for Fast Determining the Subsurface Structure of Filled Elastomers
Authors: Izyumov R I , Kislitsyn V D , Svistkov A L
Published: June 2021

Using atomic force microscopy in the semicontact AFM mode, we examined the surface of the filled elastomer obtained by the rupture method. A feature of the material is that it consists of a soft binder and hard nanofiller particles. Filler particles are usually hidden by a binder layer. In our work, we have shown that the information on the phase shift obtained during scanning makes it possible to look into the subsurface layer and obtain more information about the geometry of the filler particles and their location in the nanocomposite. It is possible to make visible the fragments of particles immersed in the binder, which are almost invisible on the surface relief. This does not require the use of special modes of the atomic force microscope for analysis. It is enough to use the reliable and fast scanning method in semicontact mode.
Waves on a Free Surface of Ferrofluid Layer, Laying on a Liquid Substrate
Authors: Khokhryakova C A , Kolesnichenko E V
Published: June 2021

Waves on the free surface of a magnetic fluid located on a liquid substrate were studied experimentally. The wave motion of the surface was induced by a homogeneous oscillating magnetic field orthogonal to the layer. In this case two types of waves can be formed on the surface of a magnetic fluid: a standing wave of the same frequency as the alternating magnetic field, and a standing wave, independent of the field frequency. The paper reviews the main theoretical and experimental studies of wave instability of such systems. The stability of a two-layered liquid system in an alternating vertical magnetic field is investigated. For efficient processing of the experimental results, the optical part of the experimental setup was modified. An algorithm has been developed for processing the profiles of the magnetic fluid surface obtained during the experiment, which helps to determine the length of the generated waves.