bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sources of Domestic Sewage Effluent Pollution and its Impact on Seawater Quality in the Coastal Waters of Northern Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, India
Authors: Ramakritinan C. M. , Muneeswaran T. , Yokesh Babu M.
Published: December 2024

The seawater quality in the northern Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, southeast coast of India has been increased by the uncontrolled release of untreated sewage effluents from coastal villages and towns, seepage of diesel oils and related products from mechanized boats and other human activities. The Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay regions harbor diverse coral reefs and associated fauna of commercial and economic importance. The untreated sewage discharges badly affect the coral reefs and its partner ecosystems such as seaweed and seagrass. Therefore the present study was identified the sources of sewage inputs, vulnerable zones and probable remedial measures for impacted coastal and coral reef ecosystems of northern Gulf of Mannar between Rameswaram and Chinna Erwadi as well as Palk Bay regions between Rameswaram and Veedhalai. The coastal water quality and pathogenic microbial distribution were assessed for three years (2019-2012) at intervals of 3 months. This study reveals that mainly BOD, COD, turbidity and nutrient levels reached notably at higher levels where the sewage effluent discharged directly into the coastal waters. Further, the abundance of pathogenic indicator microbes in Rameswaram and Keezhakkarai Coastal regions aggravates the situations worsen due to release of untreated domestic sewage effluents. Mostly Rameswaram and Keezhakkarai coastal waters showed highest pathogenic bacterial count. To protect the coastal and coral reef environment of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, India from the uncontrolled release of sewage outfalls, it is necessary to design and construct separate sewer treatment and disposal facility before releasing into coastal waters and also to monitor the coastal water quality along with pathogenic microbes at regular intervals to protect fragile coral reef ecosystems.
MAQUINARIA EXPERIENCIAL E COMPUTABILIDADE
Authors: Lana de Carvalho Leonardo
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste ensaio é conceptualizar maquinaria experiencial a partir da teoria de Maturana e Varela (TMV) e apresentar a máquina de Turing Enativa (MTE) como Turing-completa e como modelo central do conceito de maquinaria experiencial. A TMV encontra hoje velhos e novos interlocutores, como respectivamente o representacionalismo cognitivista e o enativismo jona¬siano. Divergindo de ambos, partimos da TMV que, baseada na fenomenologia da biologia, visou explicações generativas da cognição, a exemplo da máquina autopoiética apresentada pelos autores. Eles descrevem que se trata de um me¬canismo explicativo capaz de gerar os fenômenos investigados, capaz mesmo de gerar fenômenos de autoconsciência. Neste caso, chamamos aqui estes me¬canismos generativos da autoconsciência de maquinaria experiencial. Por uma análise fenomenológica do ato de calcular defendemos a máquina de Turing (MT) como uma maquinaria experiencial. Por fim, apresentamos a MTE como resultado da isomorfia entre a máquina autopoiética e a MT.
Palavras-chave: Experiência. Cognição. Enação. Computação. Máquina de Turing.
VIESES IMPLÍCITOS, HÁBITOS CORPORIFICADOS E NICHOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO
Authors: Krueger Joel , Nogueira de Carvalho Felipe
Published: December 2024

A teoria da construção de nichos ressalta o papel ativo dos organismos na modificação do seu ambiente externo. O nicho de desenvolvimento é um subconjunto dessas modificações, e refere-se aos legados ecológicos, epistêmicos, sociais e simbólicos que facilitam processos de desenvolvimento. Considerando que o desenvolvimento cognitivo ocorre em um ambiente culturalmente estruturado, questiona-se aqui se vieses culturais implícitos podem resultar em nichos de desenvolvimento mal adaptativos. Este artigo defenderá uma resposta afirmativa a esta questão. Para atingir esse objetivo, iremos conceituar vieses implícitos como hábitos perceptuais corporificados e, em seguida, argumentar que esses hábitos são responsáveis por nichos de desenvolvimento mal adaptativos em crianças com síndrome de Down e autismo. Ao unir a teoria da construção de nichos e a psicologia dos vieses implícitos, este trabalho pode oferecer uma ferramenta teórica útil para diagnosticar características mal adaptativas dos nichos causadas por vieses socioculturais, contribuindo assim para ambas as áreas de pesquisa.
Palavras-chave: Teoria da construção do nicho. Vieses implícitos. Nicho de desenvolvimento. Autismo. Síndrome de Down.
O bilinguismo cultural na alfabetização
Authors: Figueiredo Silvia Maria de Souza , Senna Luiz Antonio Gomes
Published: December 2024

O fracasso da aprendizagem apresenta índices significativos no processo de alfabetização e medicalização do fracasso escolar, pois se fortaleceu e se ampliou o número de encaminhamentos com supostos distúrbios  clínicos no ambiente escolar. Argumenta-se neste texto sobre o sujeito escolar modelar proposto pela educação no Brasil e os outros tipos de sujeitos da aprendizagem que não se enquadram ao modelo de aluno ideal. Para tal, é apresentada a perspectiva de considerar a língua oral e a língua escrita como análogas, assim como dos entraves que tal analogia traz para o processo de aprendizagem da língua escrita. Portanto, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar elementos para análise de que a alfabetização é um processo que implica o bilinguismo cultural. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de abordagem qualitativa e de natureza descritiva.
Escrita de mulheres negras em livro didático: escritas ou proscritas?
Authors: Silva Ana Claudia Ferreira da , Santos Rita de Cássia Silva Dionísio , Ramos Flávia Brocchetto
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar se e de que maneira os manuais didáticos da coleção Português: Linguagens (Ensino Médio volumes 1, 2 e 3), de William Roberto Cereja e Thereza Cochar Magalhães (2010, 2013) abordam a autoria feminina negra, atendendo (ou não) às normas estabelecidas na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e nas Leis de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB). A justificativa desta investigação deve-se ao apagamento de autoria feminina negra nos livros didáticos, os quais desconsideram as produções literárias dessas mulheres e, consequentemente, sua importância para a formação de leitores da literatura. O arcabouço teórico deste estudo respalda-se em Lobo (2011), Job (2015) e S. R. P. Santos (2014) e a base metodológica é de inspiração bibliográfica e analítica, que possibilitou descrever, analisar e criticar os dados extraídos, por meio de leitura exploratória e analítica dos textos literários veiculados nos manuais. Os dados oriundos do levantamento de autores dos livros da coleção Português: Linguagens evidenciaram que existe uma discrepância entre o número de autores e autoras presentes na coleção, com destaque para o evidente apagamento de autoria feminina, em especial, negra, sublinhando a relevância deste estudo.
Pemilihan Vegetasi terhadap Kriteria Ruang Terbuka Stadion di Jakarta International Stadium
Authors: Sari Pawitra , Astuti Retno Fitri , Bomo Desta Promesetiyo
Published: December 2024

The stadium open space at JIS has the concept of sustainable landscape by considering ecological, aesthetic, and social aspects. This study’s goal is to identify several vegetative traits that meet the standard deviation of the area being studied. This study's methodology consists of qualitative analysis based on related literature research of the type, function, and layout of vegetation with case studies of stadium open spaces. The results show that the selection of ecologically functioning vegetation dominates in JIS. Vegetation for social functions close to seating and architectural functions lies in harmony with the shape of the composition of the building mass with the shape of the tree canopy that embodies building performance. The use of grass is ecologically intended for water catchment because JIS has a zero run off concept. Vegetation selection and replanting of relocation trees with adaptive planning to the location and conditions of JIS and low maintenance as well as to meet the green-based area in the green building concept
Framing Architectural Identity of Aceh After Two Contemporary Events
Authors: Fadhil Muhammad Naufal , Putri Aji Sofiana
Published: December 2024

Socio-political conditions in a region have a substantial impact on architectural identity. Two contemporary events in Aceh: the 2004 tsunami and the Free Aceh Movement and the Republic of Indonesia conflict, impacted socio-political circumstances and architectural identities. This study revisits the architecture after those two contemporary events in Aceh by examining the socio-political processes and dynamics underlying its architectural representations. The research incorporates literature, theoretical data, and Aceh's architectural and urban history. This research also ties socio-political data to architectural phenomena after the two contemporary events. This research frames two main periods of architectural history after two contemporary events, namely Post-Tsunami 2004 and Post-Conflict. In the post-tsunami 2004 period, there are three architectural phenomena:  the shifting perspective of safe and vulnerable places, the new 'Tsunami' typology, and the revival of the old typology. While in the post-conflict period, there are also three architectural phenomena: the search for Islamic architecture, the return of regionalism, and architecture anomalies.
Kajian Perancangan Rumah Sederhana Berkonsep Klimatik pada Kampung Dempet di Tipar Padalarang Bandung
Authors: Sudarwani Margareta Maria , Septania Sally , Indry Jessica Miracella , Jourdan Gabrielle Charles
Published: December 2024

Climatic architecture is becoming a popular concept as it addresses issues of climate change, economy, and building health. The pandemic has heightened awareness of the importance of cross-ventilation, bringing the climatic concept back into focus for the design of new buildings and the development of existing ones. This study aims to: 1) Identify the characteristics of urban village houses with attached homes focused on thermal comfort, 2) Determine climatic design criteria for attached houses, 3) Understand the application of climatic concepts in attached houses. The methodology used is descriptive quantitative, with data from field conditions and references from journals. The results indicate that in addition to window placement aligned with wind direction, the use of wind chimneys and rain harvesting systems can be implemented in houses in densely built villages. This research is expected to provide knowledge about climatic architecture and offer solutions for its application in contemporary building design.
Analisis perbandingan Multikulturalisme sebagai kebijakan publik antara Indonesia dengan Kanada
Authors: Fridayanti Alyah , Yusra Iqbal Athallah , Eries Avril Aura Ervista
Published: December 2024

Abstrak
Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengartikulasikan dan membandingkan bagaimana praktik multikulturalisme sebagai kebijakan publik antara Indonesia dengan Kanada. Menjawab tujuan dari artikel ini, penulis menggunakan metode studi pustaka dimana penulis menghimpun data dan literatur kemudian diusung dalam karya ilmiah. Konsepsi multikulturalisme seringkali menimbulkan pemahaman ketika orang memperdebatkan tantangan dan manfaatnya. Sebagian besar membayangkan tentang esensi multikulturalisme yang ditekankan pada apakah multikulturalisme diekspresikan dalam kebijakan publik, hukum dan peraturan yang konkret sebagai bentuk orientasi khusus oleh pemerintah atau lembaga. Pada tulisan ini, penulis mengkaji esensi multikulturalisme dari sudut pandang kebijakan publik yang ditetapkan oleh Indonesia dan Kanada. Perbandingan kebijakan tersebut ditinjau dari beberapa indikator penilaian startegis multikulturalisme. Meskipun antara kedua kebijakan multikulturalisme indonesia dan kanada memiliki tujuan serta landasan hukum yang tak jauh berbeda, akan tetapi terdapat perbedaan di antara keduanya. Perbedaan tersebut terdapat pada sejarah awal munculnya multikulturalisme masing-masing negara, pendekatan dasar perkembangan multikulturalisme, fokus dan arah kebijakan multikulturalisme.
Kata kunci : indonesia, kanada, kebijakan publik, multikulturalisme
DESASTRES COSTEIROS EM SANTA CATARINA/SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Dutra Rita de Cassia , Eymael Garcia Scherer Marinez , Fabris Goerl Roberto , Da Silva Ribeiro Marcieli , De Souza de Lima André
Published: December 2024

Os recorrentes eventos extremos nas últimas décadas vêm afetando a costa de Santa Catarina, desafiando governos e sociedade em termos de preparação e capacidade de resposta. Com base nos dados oficiais do Sistema Integrado de Informações sobre Desastres da Secretaria Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil (S2ID SEDEC), o presente trabalho sistematizou e analisou os registros de desastres de 28 municípios costeiros do litoral catarinense, considerando três tipologias, associados à erosão costeira e respectivos danos e prejuízos econômicos. Entre 1978 e 2022, os municípios cadastraram 136 registros de desastres, afetando 209.272 pessoas. A soma de perdas totalizou R$ 305,90 milhões em prejuízos, com valores atualizados de R$ 1.093,81 milhões. Os municípios das regiões Norte e Centro-Norte notificaram maiores ocorrências e elevadas somas de danos e prejuízos, seguidos da região Central, com Florianópolis registrando significativo montante em prejuízos. Os oito municípios costeiros da região Sul, afetados pelo Furacão Catarina, sofreram impactos elevados, comprometendo a economia da região. Dada a exposição e a vulnerabilidade dos municípios afetados, os resultados deste trabalho visam despertar sobre as ocorrências e os impactos dos desastres na costa catarinense, com vistas à eficazes medidas de prevenção e adaptação, no contexto das mudanças climáticas, intensificação dos eventos extremos e elevação do nível do mar.
INTENSITY-DURATION-FREQUENCY RELATIONSHIP OF INTENSIVE RAINFALL FOR VILHENA, RONDÔNIA STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Wanderley Muniz Alves Thallyson , Mozart de Souza Filipaldi Eden , Crestani Marcelo , Fernandes de Souza Dailton , Pablo Silva Castro Hemerson
Published: December 2024

Quantifying extreme rainfall, as well as knowing how it is distributed temporally and spatially, is extremely important in the design of hydraulic projects, especially those intended for irrigation, water availability for domestic and industrial supply, and construction works for flooding control and soil erosion. In this work, the IDF relations for the municipality of Vilhena-RO are developed using the Gumbel method and the Choi equation. For the quantification of rainfall, data from 13 consecutive hydrological years from 2008 to 2021 were used. With the daily data, the disaggregation coefficients of CETESB were used. Then, the statistical distribution methodologies of Gumbel and Choi were applied to estimate the maximum rainfall for return times from 1 to 100 years, with durations from 5 to 1440 min and stipulating their due maximum intensities. The IDF equations obtained are explicit by: i = 942.1863Tr0.1928 (t + 10.515)-0.75118 for the Gumbel method and i = 917.1045Tr0.1671 (t + 10.515)-0.75118 for the Choi equation. The two methodologies applied varied around 2.68% and 10.38% for return times between 1 and 25 years, respectively. The adjustments resulted in the following values by the Gumbel method: K = 942.1863, a = 0.1928, b = 10.515, and c = 0.75118. Using the Choi equation, the results obtained were: K = 917.1045, a = 0.1671, b = 10.515, and c = 0.75118. It is possible to highlight that the maximum intensity values ​​will be higher when calculated by the Gumbel method.
O PROCESSO DE MARGINALIZAÇÃO ESPACIAL EM CACAU PIRÊRA (IRANDUBA-AM)
Authors: Silva Fredson Bernardino Araújo da , Raulino Ilma de Farias , Castro Brenda Sarah Cardoso de , Lima Marcos Castro de
Published: December 2024

Este texto analisa o processo de marginalização espacial no distrito de Cacau Pirêra, no município de Iranduba, como desdobramento da metropolização do espaço na Região Metropolitana de Manaus. Para isso, partiu-se de uma abordagem que aliou as análises diacrônica e sincrônica para interpretar o espaço; realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico e trabalho de campo, utilizando material cartográfico e fotográfico, para ilustrar o contexto atual de Cacau Pirêra em relação à metrópole. Constatou-se que a construção da Ponte Jornalista Phelippe Daou, que conecta Manaus a Iranduba, desencadeou transformações socioespaciais significativas na região, mas de forma desigual. O distrito de Cacau Pirêra, que antes sediava um porto movimentado, perdeu sua centralidade e valorização, deixando de ser o principal meio de interlocução com a metrópole. No núcleo urbano de Cacau Pirêra, foram identificados elementos de precariedade, pobreza e abandono na paisagem, contrastando com a dinâmica de urbanização e valorização imobiliária em outras áreas do município de Iranduba.
Geoecological Foundations of the Federal Project “Clean Air” in Chita
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Tomskikh Andrey A.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the multifactorial aspects of the Clean Air program development in the framework of the national Ecology project at the level of 12 cities: stages of development, changing approaches, effectiveness over several years, and emergence of new participants. The object of the study is the Clean Air program of the national Ecology project. The subject of the study is the implementation effectiveness of the program in the cities of the priority list with the highest level of pollution.The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis and development of solutions for the tasks implementation at the national and regional levels. Research objectives are as follows: analysis of the situation in the country; analysis of regional plans and results; development of directions of project solutions. The enumerated research methods are used: general scientific and applied scientific methods, synthesis, statistical and cartographic analysis, generalization of material, data visualization. Using the example of the city of Chita, a number of significant factors have been identified that must be taken into account when implementing tasks, and above all: natural conditions (mountain-hollow relief, stagnation of air masses, the dominance of anticyclonic weather, low precipitation, low temperatures for a long period). A significant factor of pollution is man-made: the placement of large sources of emissions, the presence of a large sector of private houses, a large number of cars, problems of territorial planning. As experience has shown, all this together implies the development of measures for cleaning the air basin, which differ significantly from the other 11 cities. The conclusion is made about structural problems in the «challenge/solution» system at the level of emissions assessment, allocated funds and action plans. The design decisions that need to be taken in the very near future to effectively solve the task are outlined: to revise the action plan in terms of strengthening the network of monitoring points, rethinking the master plan for the development of the city territory, including more emission points of various forms of ownership and subordination in the comprehensive modernization program; a multiple increase in plans for the closure of small boiler houses with the transfer of consumers to centralized heat supply; provide for the transfer of private households from coal (wood) heating to different forms of heating (electric, gas, etc.), perform a territorial scheme of measures.
Comparative Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Rock-Forming and Accessory Minerals of Granite and Psephites from Dinosaur Layers of the Ukureyskaya Formation of the Kulinda Locality in Eastern Transbaikalia (Russia)
Authors:   nstitute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chita, Russia, Yurgenson Georgy A. , Vasilenko Evgeny A. ,   nstitute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chita, Russia
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the study lies in determining the sources of clastic material of gruss and sandstones that make up a significant part of the sediments of the Middle Jurassic Ukurey Formation, which contains the remains of the most ancient feathered dinosaur, Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus. These deposits are a part of the section composed of interlayered gruss, sandstones, siltstones, tuff siltstones and chlidolites. They are represented by a fragment of a downed block of the Ukurey Formation preserved from erosion among granites, the tectonic contact with which is in close proximity to the dinosaur layers. The purpose of the study is to determine the source of clastic material from the woodlands. The object of study is the sediments of the Ukurey formation and granites in the Kulinda tract. The subject of the study is the mineral composition of the clastic fraction of these rocks. The objectives are presented by the study of the composition of rock-forming and accessory minerals of granites and gruss deposits of the Ukurey Formation in the Kulinda tract. The method and methodology consist of sampling, comparative study of the mineral and chemical composition of rocks, diagnostics and study of the chemical composition of minerals using electron microscopy and ICP MS. The results of the study are based on a comparative analysis of the chemical and mineral composition of granites and gruss, during which their proximity is determined. Quartz and feldspar of granites and gruss deposits are characterized by similar composition; the average values of the formula coefficients for quartz of granites and gruss deposits are almost identical. Most quartz individuals are characterized by stoichiometric composition, due to the compensation of the Si deficiency by the inclusion of isomorphic Al and, less commonly, Ti and trivalent Fe. For K-Na feldspar, an excess of the sum of cations and a deficiency of Si are typical. Associations of accessory minerals of gruss and granites (zircon, rutile, apatite, magnetite) and their chemical compositions are similar. Zircons are characterized by an excess of Zr with a deficiency of Si, admixtures of Fe and V in rutile, and a deficiency of Ca and P in apatite. The data obtained prove that the gruss deposits are a redeposited product of granite weathering.
Justification of the Combined Method of Supplying Water to a Centrifugal Concentrator
Authors:   LLC Scientific Research and Design Institute  ТОМS, Irkutsk, Russia, Senchenko Arkady E.
Published: December 2024

The scientific and technical problem of further improvement of concentrating devices, in particular, gravity (centrifugal separators), lies in the absence of models convenient for engineering practice for calculating the movement of two-phase mixtures in the working area, and also does not allow explaining a number of emerging effects during the movement of the solid phase at different stages of separation. The object of the research is a centrifugal separator. The purpose of the research is to search for the most acceptable criteria and parameters of the centrifugal concentration process under study and to compile process models describing the real mechanism of mineral particles separation. The research objectives are as follows: to consider the movement of a single solid particle in a liquid stream; to conduct a study in two stages: the first stage is to study the movement of solid particles in an upward flow of pulp; the second stage is to study the movements of a solid particle located near the entrance to the annular cell, to determine the forces acting on it from the side of the carrier flow of liquid and loosening water. The following research methods are used: mathematical modeling of hydrodynamic processes. The equation of solid particles motion in the upward flow of pulp is obtained, which makes it possible to determine the force acting on a solid particle, moving in an ascending spiral along the wall of a centrifugal separator. The constructed mathematical models make it possible to describe the solid phase trajectories in the separator at definite stages of movement, which allows to qualitatively describe the structure of the solid phase distribution in size and specific gravity in the pulp flow ascending along the wall of the separator working cone.
Development of a critical technology for extracting gold from landfills (strategic mineral raw materials)
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Chita, Russia, Shumilova Lidiya V. ,   Chita Branch of Mining Institute named after N. A. Chinakal, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chita, Russia, Razmakhnin Konstantin K. ,   Chita Branch of Mining Institute named after N. A. Chinakal, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chita, Russia
Published: December 2024

One of the ways to solve the problems of rational and integrated use of mineral raw materials, including canned man-made facilities, is the development of critical technologies for their processing in order to extract strategic metals, which include gold. The object of research is a preserved gold-bearing mineral resource object (landfills) with a conservation period of 10 years. The purpose of the study is to identify the technological and environmental problems facing the Russian gold mining industry, hindering scientific and technological development and ensuring the independence and competitiveness of the state; to develop a critical technology for extracting gold from landfills (strategic mineral raw materials). Research objectives are as follows: to conduct a systematic analysis of the level of development of gold mining equipment and technology in Russia; to identify the technological and environmental problems facing the gold mining industry; to study the material composition of a preserved mineral resource facility (landfills); to develop a critical technology for extracting gold from landfills and conduct laboratory studies. Research methods are presented by the study of the material composition of the mineral raw materials samples, which has been carried out using modern tools: optical and electron microscopy, assay and atomic adsorption analysis methods. Based on a systematic analysis of the level of gold mining equipment and technology development in Russia, the main disadvantages of using non-stationary processing plants have been identified and technological and environmental problems arising during the operation of landfills for heap leaching of gold have been identified. The following flowcharts are presented: environmental assessment of the consequences of open-pit mining; the impact of methods, processes, elements, relationships, structures on environmental components during the processing of gold-containing mineral raw materials; the main components of the negative impact of gold-containing raw materials processing enterprises on the environment. A critical technology for deep processing of strategic mineral raw materials from landfills has been developed, and its technological scheme is given. Experimental studies have been conducted and the results are presented. This technology makes it possible to comprehensively use mineral raw materials, improve the environmental situation and increase the efficiency of gold extraction.
دور رأس المال المعرفي في الأداء الاستراتيجي
Authors: Rasheed Jwan Saadallah
Published: December 2024

هدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة مستويات ابعاد كل من المتغيرين، رأس المال الفكري و الاداء الاستراتيجي  في المستشفيات الخاصة من وجهة نظر عينة من المديرين واختبار العلاقة و التأثير  بينهم، ولغرض اختبـار فرضيات البحث تم تطبيـق البحـث على عيـنة من المستشفيات الخاصة في مدينة اربيل باقليم كوردستان العراق للحصـول على المعلومـات المطلـوبة عن طريق (الاستبانة) التي اعـدت لهـذا الغـرض، وقد بلغ مجتمع البحث مايقارب (150) من المدراء ورؤساء الاقسام ومسؤولي الشعب، وقد قامت الباحثة بتوزيع (60) استمارة، استرجعت منها (55) استمارة وقد بلغ عدد الاستمارات الصالحة للتحليل (46) استمارة والتي تمثل عينة البحث. وقـد استعمل البحـث الحالـي أدوات احصائية عدة للوصـول الى النتائـج المتعلـقة بهـا بالاعتمـاد علـى البرامـج الاحصائيـة (SPSS. V.24) و (Amos. V. 24). وتوصـل البحـث الى مجموعـة من الاستنتاجات أهمهـا يوجد علاقـة ارتبـاط وتأثـير ايجابي بين رأس المال المعرفي والأداء الاستراتيجي، وبنـاءً علـى تلك الاستنتاجات قـدمت البحـث مجموعـة من التوصيـات ابرزهـا ضرورة تنفيذ نظام قوي لإدارة المعرفة لرصد المعلومات والخبرات وتنظيمها ومشاركتها، مع استخدم منصات التكنولوجيا لتسهيل التعاون وتبادل المعرفة بين العاملين في المنظمة.
The KRG’s Inability Factors for Independently Exporting Oil: After 2023
Authors: Shallaw Abdulkhaleq Mohammed  , Ramyar Rashid Ahmed
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the factors hindering the Kurdistan Regional Government's (KRG) ability to independently export oil after 2023. The study examines the KRG's longstanding pursuit of self-determination and its hydrocarbon (oil and gas) resource management rights under the 2005 Iraqi constitution. It highlights the shift from a reliance on "hard power" tactics towards "soft power" strategies focused on economic development, revenue generation, and political autonomy. The abundant oil and gas reserves in the Kurdistan Region have played a pivotal role in shaping the KRG's primary policy, acting as a catalyst for regional growth and consolidation.
Furthermore, the research delves into the key disagreements between the KRG and the Iraqi central government (Baghdad) regarding the KRG's energy and oil sectors. It critically analyzes the KRG's legal claims to independent oil export operations in the face of opposition from the Iraqi government. Despite these claims, the KRG's oil export ambitions have faced significant challenges. These include internal political divisions and institutional weaknesses within the KRG, sustained political, economic, and legal pressures exerted by Baghdad, and regional and geopolitical efforts to marginalize the Kurds in energy-related discussions. Ultimately, this study seeks to shed light on the complex interplay of factors that continue to impede the KRG's independent oil export aspirations.
اثر تقلبات اسعار النفط على النو الاقتصادي في العراق للمدة (2006-2019) – دراسة تحليلية لقياس الاثر والنتيجة –
Authors: Aziz Nigar Jebar
Published: December 2024

المستخلص
       تناول البحث تحليل اثر التقلبات اسعار النفط على النمو الاقتصادي في العراق للمدة (2006-2019)، حيث يعد القطاع النفطي كاحد اهم القطاعات الاقتصادية في العراق ويعد كذلك اهم مصدر  للحصول على العوائد المالية التى تعتمد عليها  الدولة لتمويل انشطتها المختلفة، ويهدف البحث الي معرفة العوامل المؤثرة على تقلبات اسعار النفط في الاسواق العالمية وتاثير تقلباتها على النمو الاقتصادي في العراق من خلال قياس تاثير تلك التقلبات على الناتج المحلي الاجمالي، و توصل البحث الى العديد من الاستنتاجات منها وجود علاقة طردية بين سعر النفط والناتج المحلي الاجمالي في العراق فاذا ارتفع سعر النفط بالنسبة (1%) يؤدى الي زيادة الناتج المحلي الاجمالي بالنسبة(0.76 %). واسعار النفط لاتتاثر فقط بعوامل العرض والطلب بل هناك العديد من العوامل الاخرى التى تؤثر على تقلبات اسعار النفط  كالعوامل السياسية و الفنية .و ضرورة ان تعمل الحكومة على تقليل اعتمادها على النفط للحصول على العوائد المالية والعمل على تنويع مصادر الدخل من المصادر غير النفطية.
Tonality Element and Atonality in 20th Century Music
Authors: Hiwa Talat Arif  , Ehsan Shakir Mohse Zalzala  , Idris Abdullah Mustafa
Published: December 2024

This is a descriptive and analytical study, that depends on the qualitative method. Describes a specific phenomenon or an event, by using books and other sources for supporting statements and the required information, presents and analyzes examples. In addition, it presents the steps in how tonality has changed and been used as a technique in 20th-century music. On later stages, the study leaves space for its alternative; Atonality, which means (NO tonality). In addition, it presents the way they are being embodied. In this study, one of the most important elements of musical composition is discussed, which has undergone tremendous changes and developments in the twentieth century. From there, the process of transition from tonal to atonality systems, as well as the causes of its emergence, is examined and exemplified. Due to the lack of resources in Kurdish, the used sources are mostly foreign.
The first part contains the problems, importance, and objectives of the study. The second part presents the definitions and changes that have occurred in classical music in the twentieth century, as well as the most important discoveries of this century, and the systems of atonality and the twelve-tone technique are presented as well. The third section focuses on the element of tonality – atonality-12-tone system) in presenting the necessary information and indicating how to use them in music. In addition, the study includes the implementation of a number of analyses, then, the study ends by presenting the results, recommendations, and list of sources.
Principles and Goals of Environmental Education: A Theoretical and Analytic Study
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed Braim  , Mohammed Hussein Shwany
Published: December 2024

Since the social and economic effects and pressures have increased on our environment, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to combat the changes and we need to have awareness and knowledge to know how to deal with these changes. One such effect is through environmental education of the individuals and making it part of social construction. It is undeniable fact that environmental issues are due to human negligence and unhealthy treatment of the people. Therefore, educating citizens could be one important way to combat this change and environmental issues.
This paper entitled (Principles and Goals of Environmental Education) aims to illustrate those principles that foster and emphasize environmental education. Moreover, it attempts to answer what is the role of philosophy of education and what purpose does it try to serve and what behavioral change can it create in the individuals’ awareness about the environment.
To achieve these aims, this paper employs descriptive analytic method has been used to educate people in environmental issues and how to combat these changes in environment to find scientific solutions.
The paper came to the conclusion that environmental education has been used as an effective way to increase environmental awareness in the past seventy years amongst its principles are the comprehensiveness, sustainability, and viewing it as national and social heritage. The goals are to change in individuals’ behavior towards the environment and increase the quality of life which is fulfilled through protection of the environment.
Foresight and Historical Determinism in Islamic Contemplate
Authors: Qader Mohammad Hassan  , Nabaz Jalal Jameel
Published: December 2024

The research reviews the importance of studying foresight and historical determinism in Islamic thought and analyzing its developments in religious and historical contexts, as divine providence and historical determinism constitute fundamental aspects of Islamic thought, and it is believed that history and its development are affected by God’s intervention and the influence of divine factors, as God Almighty is the Creator and Master of everything. And it contributes directly to the course of historical events and human issues. Thus, Islamic thinkers believe that a correct understanding of history requires looking at the divine powers and wisdom behind the events, as well as an acknowledgment of predestination and how they affect the direction of the course of history. The research deals with the profound scientific benefits of this topic in directing... Human thinking towards a better future and drawing lessons from history. The approach followed for this research is to provide comprehensive explanations of forward-looking and deterministic theories, using the historical context as a framework for clarification.
Unlocking Spiritual Enlightenment: A Critical Study of Idries Shah’s The Way of the Sufi
Authors: Sherzad Shafie Babo Barzani  , Sirwan Abudlkarim Ali
Published: December 2024

The Way of the Sufi (2015) stands as a significant signpost into Sufi literature, offering profound insights into the mystical tradition of Sufism, and introducing revered Sufi figures, their ideologies, and texts. This study analyses Shah's main work, focusing on its portrayal of Sufi philosophy, enlightenment practices, and transmission of spiritual knowledge through literary styles used in the book. The study argues that Sufi literature’s effective method of spiritual guidance and enlightenment is empowered by the distinctive narrative style and philosophical themes presented by the Sufis in the form of poems or stories. This study highlights the significance of Sufi literature in general, its literary style, and the spiritual accomplishments presented. A comprehensive examination of Shah’s thoughts is aimed at revealing the profound depths of Sufi teachings to offer new insights and develop an understanding of Sufi’s philosophical tenets, deep divine love, and broader cultural implications of spiritual devotion.
Britain's Decision to Withdraw from East Suez, Arabian Gulf (Persian Gulf) on December 16, 1968, Sparked Reactions from the United States, Iran, and the Gulf States to this Decision (Historical-Political Study)
Authors: Ismael Abdullah Ismael  , Mahdi Muhammad Qader
Published: December 2024

This research is entitled (Britain's decision to withdraw from East Suez, the Arabian Gulf (Persian Gulf) on December 16, 1968, the reactions of the United States, Iran, and the Gulf states to this decision), and it participated in international politics and the conflict between the two states. Powers in the region: The presence of British forces east of the Suez Canal, which have ruled the region for more than a century and a half, and the issue of British military bases in the region, sparked internal and external protests. Many Labor Party representatives were dissatisfied and called for withdrawal, and although Britain believed it still needs these areas to protect its bases, but Prime Minister Wilson called for the need to maintain these military bases in agreement with the governments and peoples of the region. Then, the effects of World War II, the rise of two major global poles (the United States and the Soviet Union), and Britain's defeats forced it to change its policy in the Gulf region.
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Authors: Shvan Hamasdiq Abdulrahman  , Salih Mala Omar Issa
Published: December 2024

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Management and Organization of letters and Intelligence Work during the Rule of the Buyids and Seljuks in Iraq and Iran (-334590 AH / 945 -1191 AD)
Authors: Hoshmand Bapir Othman  , Ako Burhan Mohammed
Published: December 2024

This research is entitled (Management and organization of letters and intelligence work during the rule of the Buyids and Seljuks in Iraq and Iran) the (-334590 AH / 945 -1191 AD) It introduces us to the system of governance and administration of both powers and presents a picture of their management. Espionage and intelligence had its own important position in the system of governance, administration and management, which is due to the extent of their power, on the other hand, mixed with a number of different nations that had local power and management under the shadow of the Abbasid caliphate.
  The aim of developing this system was to gather information from their opponents and eliminate their hostile activities against the authorities and their administration.
Optimizing Callus Induction and Plantlet Regeneration in Marigold Anther Culture: Effects of Pretreatments and Culture Conditions
Authors:   Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India, 144411, Thaneshwari Thaneshwari , Aswath C. ,   Principal Scientist, ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, 560 089, Karnataka, India., Prakash Tejaswini ,   Principal Scientist, ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, 560 089, Karnataka, India., Wani Ab Waheed ,   Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India, 144411, Glomeraz Glomeraz ,   Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf University Tehran, Iran
Published: December 2024

Marigold (Tagetes spp.) holds significance in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and pigments, due to its flower pigment and essential oil. Conventional breeding methods for genetic enhancement are time-consuming due to its cross-pollination nature. To expedite improvement, doubled haploid lines can be produced through androgenesis. In spite of the potential benefits, challenges such as genotype-specific responses, anther development stage, pretreatment and culture conditions pose significant hurdles. Addressing these factors could pave the way for more efficient application of androgenesis in marigold crop improvement, offering quicker pathways to developing superior plant varieties. This study aimed to determine the optimal temperature stress pretreatment, sucrose concentration in culture media and duration of darkness during anther incubation to enhance embryogenic callus proliferation and subsequent regeneration. It was found that subjecting marigold flower buds with anthers at the uninucleate stage to a temperature stress of 4 °C for 72 hours followed by culture in MS media containing 4% sucrose, supplemented with NAA (0.2 mg L-1), and BAP (1 mg L-1) yielded the best results. Ploidy analysis of fifty regenerated plantlets revealed varying ploidy levels, including haploid. These findings hold promise for advancing research on haploid and doubled haploid development in marigold and related species.
Impact of Different Nutrient Sources on Growth and Yield Attributes of Black Gram Under Organic Farming
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, N. M. College of Agriculture, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat, India., Patel Krutika Subodh , Dubey P. K. ,   Department of Natural Resource Management, ASPEE College of Horticulture, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat, India., Kaswala A. R. ,   Department of Natural Resource Management, ASPEE College of Horticulture, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat, India., Italiya A. P. ,   Soil and Water Management Research Unit, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat, India., T. M. Neethu ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, N. M. College of Agriculture, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat, India., Chaudhari N. M. ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, N. M. College of Agriculture, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat, India.
Published: December 2024

The field experiment was carried out on Black gram cv. GU 3 at Organic Farm, ACH, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat, India during the summer of 2021. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with a Factorial concept (FRBD) having two factors each having three levels i.e. soil application viz., S1 (100 % RDN through NADEP compost), S2 (Ghan-jivamrut @ 500 kg/ha) and S3 (Ghan-jivamrut @ 500 kg/ha + Jivamrut @ 500 L/ha) and foliar application viz., F0 (Control), F1 (Novel organic liquid nutrient @ 1 %) and F2 (Moringa leaf extract@ 3 %) was given thrice at 15, 30 and 45 DAS. The result revealed that the S1 treatment recorded significantly the highest plant height at harvest, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, and seed yield. For foliar application, the treatment F2 recorded significantly the highest plant height at 40 DAS and higher number of branches per plant, plant height at 60 DAS and at harvest, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield and stover yield but remained at par with F1 treatment. It can be concluded that the soil application of 100 percent RDN through NADEP compost and foliar application of either 3 percent Moringa leaf extract or 1 percent Novel organic liquid nutrient at 15, 30, and 45 DAS accomplished higher yield and higher net profit.
Effect of Automation on Different Ergonomic Parameters in Traditional Millet Production
Authors:   ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India, Chapke Rajendra R , Muppidi Spanditha ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India, Buraka Sri Kanthisri ,   Department of Home Science, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Vonipenta, YSR District, Andhra Pradesh, India- 516 173, Prasanna Peddiveeti Laxmi ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India, Satyavathi C Tara ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India
Published: December 2024

Women play an important role in post-harvest operations of millets and being labor-intensive using traditional methods leads to drudgery. The study examines drudgery and the impact of the adoption of selected improved practices based on ergonomic parameters over traditional practices. A purposive random sampling method was followed and a total of 112 women farmers of on millets were selected from Chalki and Gangapur villages in Sangareddy district of Telangana state. Data were collected directly from the farm women using pre-tested interview schedules and analysed using suitable statistical tools. There was a significant correlation found between the drudgery index in traditional practices and with physical profile of the women like age, height, and body mass index. With the increase in the age of the farm women, their strength in performing traditional practices becomes weak. Fifty percent of women felt that it was very easy to prepare flatbread using a power-operated flatbread machine. The drudgery in flatbread making was found to be reduced to moderate (58.51) and minimum (less than 50) levels and the same was in the four operations. Increased work output, reduced drudgery (35-88%) and time (31-90%), and minimized postural discomfort (moderate to very light pain) were recorded while using improved practices by them. Reduction in drudgery and time due to the use of improved practices resulted in postural comfort and reduced health issues concurrently, while leading to an increase in their income, millet consumption, and overall livelihood status. Designing improved tools, equipment, or work methods that should take the ergonomic and physical characteristics of women into account can help to lessen drudgery, especially in traditional millet production areas.
Tree species as a sustainable green solution for cadmium phytoremediation
Authors:   Dr. YS Parmar, Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, Sharma Dushyant , Shiwani Kumari ,   Dr. YS Parmar, Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
Published: December 2024

Cd is recognized as highly toxic to living organisms and humans. It is present in the atmosphere, rocks, sediments, and soils. Cd enters ecosystems via numerous anthropogenic activities and emissions to the environment. Further, development in industries has built up a higher concentration of Cd in soils. Its presence in food in excess amounts may cause severe conditions in humans, therefore prevention of cadmium entering the food chain and its removal from contaminated soils is important. Over the past several years, many chemical and biological approaches for the remediation of Cd have been proposed. Phytoremediation, often called green remediation involves the use of plants (herbaceous, tree species) for the soil clean-up. This review is an attempt to summarize current information on the use of different plants and potential tree species for Cd phytoremediation from contaminated soils and the preferred accumulation of this heavy metal in different plant parts.