bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epistasis lowers the genetic barrier to SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody escape
Authors: Witte Leander , Baharani Viren A. , Schmidt Fabian , Wang Zijun , Cho Alice , Raspe Raphael , Guzman-Cardozo Camila , Muecksch Frauke , Canis Marie , Park Debby J. , Gaebler Christian , Caskey Marina , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Hatziioannou Theodora , Bieniasz Paul D.
Published: January 2023

Waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection have resulted from the emergence of viral variants with neutralizing antibody resistance mutations. Simultaneously, repeated antigen exposure has generated affinity matured B cells, producing broadly neutralizing receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific antibodies with activity against emergent variants. To determine how SARS-CoV-2 might escape these antibodies, we subjected chimeric viruses encoding spike proteins from ancestral, BA.1 or BA.2 variants to selection by 40 broadly neutralizing antibodies. We identify numerous examples of epistasis, whereby in vitro selected and naturally occurring substitutions in RBD epitopes that do not confer antibody resistance in the Wuhan-Hu-1 spike, do so in BA.1 or BA.2 spikes. As few as 2 or 3 of these substitutions in the BA.5 spike, confer resistance to nearly all of the 40 broadly neutralizing antibodies, and substantial resistance to plasma from most individuals. Thus, epistasis facilitates the acquisition of resistance to antibodies that remained effective against early omicron variants.
Stabilization of membrane topologies by proteinaceous remorin scaffolds
Authors: Su Chao , Rodriguez-Franco Marta , Lace Beatrice , Nebel Nils , Hernandez-Reyes Casandra , Liang Pengbo , Schulze Eija , Mymrikov Evgeny V. , Gross Nikolas M. , Knerr Julian , Wang Hong , Siukstaite Lina , Keller Jean , Libourel Cyril , Fischer Alexandra A. M. , Gabor Katharina E. , Mark Eric , Popp Claudia , Hunte Carola , Weber Wilfried , Wendler Petra , Stanislas Thomas , Delaux Pierre-Marc , Einsle Oliver , Grosse Robert , Römer Winfried , Ott Thomas
Published: January 2023

In plants, the topological organization of membranes has mainly been attributed to the cell wall and the cytoskeleton. Additionally, few proteins, such as plant-specific remorins have been shown to function as protein and lipid organizers. Root nodule symbiosis requires continuous membrane re-arrangements, with bacteria being finally released from infection threads into membrane-confined symbiosomes. We found that mutations in the symbiosis-specific SYMREM1 gene result in highly disorganized perimicrobial membranes. AlphaFold modelling and biochemical analyses reveal that SYMREM1 oligomerizes into antiparallel dimers and may form a higher-order membrane scaffolding structure. This was experimentally confirmed when expressing this and other remorins in wall-less protoplasts is sufficient where they significantly alter and stabilize de novo membrane topologies ranging from membrane blebs to long membrane tubes with a central actin filament. Reciprocally, mechanically induced membrane indentations were equally stabilized by SYMREM1. Taken together we describe a plant-specific mechanism that allows the stabilization of large-scale membrane conformations independent of the cell wall.
Phonon-mediated room-temperature quantum Hall transport in graphene
Authors: Vaquero Daniel , Clericò Vito , Schmitz Michael , Delgado-Notario Juan Antonio , Martín-Ramos Adrian , Salvador-Sánchez Juan , Müller Claudius S. A. , Rubi Km , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Beschoten Bernd , Stampfer Christoph , Diez Enrique , Katsnelson Mikhail I. , Zeitler Uli , Wiedmann Steffen , Pezzini Sergio
Published: January 2023

The quantum Hall (QH) effect in two-dimensional electron systems (2DESs) is conventionally observed at liquid-helium temperatures, where lattice vibrations are strongly suppressed and bulk carrier scattering is dominated by disorder. However, due to large Landau level (LL) separation (~2000 K atB = 30 T), graphene can support the QH effect up to room temperature (RT), concomitant with a non-negligible population of acoustic phonons with a wave-vector commensurate to the inverse electronic magnetic length. Here, we demonstrate that graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) realizes a novel transport regime, where dissipation in the QH phase is governed predominantly by electron-phonon scattering. Investigating thermally-activated transport at filling factor 2 up to RT in an ensemble of back-gated devices, we show that the highB-field behaviour correlates with their zeroB-field transport mobility. By this means, we extend the well-accepted notion of phonon-limited resistivity in ultra-clean graphene to a hitherto unexplored high-field realm.
Emission of floral volatiles is facilitated by cell-wall non-specific lipid transfer proteins
Authors: Liao Pan , Maoz Itay , Shih Meng-Ling , Lee Ji Hee , Huang Xing-Qi , Morgan John A. , Dudareva Natalia
Published: January 2023

For volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to be released from the plant cell into the atmosphere, they have to cross the plasma membrane, the cell wall, and the cuticle. However, how these hydrophobic compounds cross the hydrophilic cell wall is largely unknown. Using biochemical and reverse-genetic approaches combined with mathematical simulation, we show that cell-wall localized non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) facilitate VOC emission. Out of three highly expressed nsLTPs in petunia petals, which emit high levels of phenylpropanoid/benzenoid compounds, only PhnsLTP3 contributes to the VOC export across the cell wall to the cuticle. A decrease in PhnsLTP3 expression reduces volatile emission and leads to VOC redistribution with less VOCs reaching the cuticle without affecting their total pools. This intracellular build-up of VOCs lowers their biosynthesis by feedback downregulation of phenylalanine precursor supply to prevent self-intoxication. Overall, these results demonstrate that nsLTPs are intrinsic members of the VOC emission network, which facilitate VOC diffusion across the cell wall.
Nonlinear multi-frequency phonon lasers with active levitated optomechanics
Authors: Kuang Tengfang , Huang Ran , Xiong Wei , Zuo Yunlan , Han Xiang , Nori Franco , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Luo Hui , Jing Hui , Xiao Guangzong
Published: January 2023

Phonon lasers, which exploit coherent amplifications of phonons, are a means to explore nonlinear phononics, image nanomaterial structures and operate phononic devices. Recently, a phonon laser governed by dispersive optomechanical coupling has been demonstrated by levitating a nanosphere in an optical tweezer. Such levitated optomechanical devices, with minimal noise in high vacuum, can allow flexible control of large-mass objects without any internal discrete energy levels. However, it is challenging to achieve phonon lasing with levitated microscale objects because optical scattering losses are much larger than at the nanoscale. Here we report a nonlinear multi-frequency phonon laser with a micro-size sphere, which is governed by dissipative coupling. The active gain provided by a Yb3+-doped system plays a key role. It achieves three orders of magnitude for the amplitude of the fundamental-mode phonon lasing, compared with the passive device. In addition, nonlinear mechanical harmonics can emerge spontaneously above the lasing threshold. Furthermore, we observe coherent correlations of phonons for both the fundamental mode and its harmonics. Our work drives the field of levitated optomechanics into a regime where it becomes feasible to engineer collective motional properties of typical micro-size objects.
Age-specific trend and birth cohort effect on different histologic types of uterine corpus cancers
Authors: Tai Yi-Jou , Chiang Chun-Ju , Chiang Ying-Cheng , Wu Chia-Ying , Lee Wen-Chung , Cheng Wen-Fang
Published: January 2023

To evaluate the uterine corpus cancer incidence rates, age-specific trends, and birth cohort patterns by different histologic types. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of uterine cancer patients (n = 28,769) of all ages from the National Cancer Registry of Taiwan between 1998 and 2017. We estimated the incidence trends, average annual percent changes (AAPCs), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate for the two main subtypes (endometrioid and nonendometrioid) of uterine cancer in Taiwan. During the study period, uterine corpus cancer incidence rates increased over time from 5.3 to 15.21 per 100,000 women. Incidence trends for endometrioid carcinoma increased in all age groups (positive AAPCs > 5% for each age group), and the rise was steeper among women aged 50 years and younger. For nonendometrioid carcinomas, incidence rates increased among women over 50 years. The CSS rate improved among women with stage I (hazard ratio [HR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–0.81) and stage III (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58–0.90) endometrioid carcinomas after 2013 compared with those during 2009–2012. However, the CSS rate remained unchanged for nonendometrioid carcinomas. Age, diagnostic period, stage and histologic types were significant factors associated with the 5-year CSS rate. We found that the incidences of both endometrioid and nonendometrioid carcinomas continued to increase among contemporary birth cohorts. Etiologic research is needed to explain the causes of these trends.
Gene-environment correlations and genetic confounding underlying the association between media use and mental health
Authors: Ayorech Ziada , Baldwin Jessie R. , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Rimfeld Kaili , Plomin Robert
Published: January 2023

The increase in online media use and mental health problems have prompted investigations into their association, although most literature is focussed on deleterious effects. We assessed the aetiology of media use and mental health associations (Mage = 22.14, SD = 0.85) using twin (n = 4000 pairs) and polygenic score methods (n = 6000 unrelated individuals) in the Twins Early Development Study. Beyond the traditionally explored negative uses of online media (online victimisation and problematic internet use), we investigate general media uses such as posting online and watching videos and distinguish both positive (pro-social behaviour) and negative (anxiety, depression, peer and behaviour problems) mental health measures. Negative media use correlated with poor mental health (r = 0.11–0.32), but general media use correlated with prosocial behaviour (r = 0.20) and fewer behavioural problems (r =  − 0.24). Twin analyses showed that both general and negative media use were moderately heritable (ranging from 20 to 49%) and their associations with mental health were primarily due to genetic influences (44–88%). Genetic sensitivity analysis combining polygenic scores with heritability estimates also suggest genetic confounding. Results indicate research on the mental health impact of media use should adopt genetically informed designs to strengthen causal inference.
The explosive value of the networks
Authors: Scala Antonio , Delmastro Marco
Published: January 2023

Networks have always played a special role for human beings in shaping social relations, forming public opinion, and driving economic equilibria. Nowadays, online networked platforms dominate digital markets and capitalization leader-boards, while social networks drive public discussion. Despite the importance of networks in many economic and social domains (economics, sociology, anthropology, psychology, etc.), the knowledge about the laws that dominate their dynamics is still scarce and fragmented. Here, we analyse a wide set of online networks (those financed by advertising) by investigating their value dynamics from several perspectives: the type of law they follow, their geographic scope, and the relationship between economic value and financial value. The results show that the networks are dominated by strongly nonlinear dynamics. The existence of non-linearity is often underestimated in social sciences because it involves contexts that are difficult to deal with, such as the presence of multiple equilibria—some of which are unstable. Yet, these dynamics must be fully understood and addressed if we aim to understand the recent evolution in the economic, political and social milieus, which are precisely characterised by corner equilibria (e.g., polarisation, winner-take-all solutions, increasing inequality) and nonlinear patterns.
Predictive value of admission CO2 combining power combined with serum sodium for the prognosis in acute Stanford type A aortic dissection patients
Authors: Huang Peng-fei , Zhang Yun-jing , Lou Xian-zhe , Ma Dong , Wu Yun-yan , Zhao Yong-bo
Published: January 2023

Acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) with sudden onset and high mortality requiries a standard Bentall operation and a accurate prognosis in common, together with alteration of CO2 combining power (CO2CP) and serum sodium rase concern, hence, we evaluated the prognostic value of CO2CP combined with serum sodium in ATAAD patients. This retrospective study included 183 patients who underwent Bentall operation for ATAAD from 2015 to 2021 in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, subsequently followed grouping by the levels of CO2CP and serum sodium. The study endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality, and the prognostic value of CO2CP combined with serum sodium levels in ATAAD patients were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression method. The postoperative incidence of in-hospital death and adverse events in patients with ATAAD were 18% and 25.7%, respectively. Combination of CO2CP and serum sodium for predicting ATAAD death and adverse events presented a higher predictive value than each single indicator with ROC curve analysis (the AUC of CO2CP combined with serum sodium was 0.786, 95% CI 0.706–0.869, P < 0.001), along with CO2CP < 22.5 mmol/L + serum sodium > 138.5 mmol/L group had the worst prognostic. Multivariate regression analyse showed that CO2CP < 22.5 mmol/L combined with serum sodium > 138.5 mmol/L preferably predicted the prognosis of ATAAD (OR =6.073, 95% CI 2.557–14.425, P < 0.001). Consistently, the cumulative 30-day survival after surgery in ATAAD patients with the low CO2CP and high serum sodium simultaneously was the worst (log-rank P < 0.05). The combination of CO2CP and serum sodium increases the predictive value of prognosis, which is conducive to risk stratification of patients with ATAAD.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) freeze casts with nano-additives as potential thermal insulators
Authors: Hübner C. , Vadalà M. , Voges K. , Lupascu D. C.
Published: January 2023

Freeze-casting consists of freezing a liquid suspension (aqueous or other), followed by sublimation of the solidified state to the gas state under reduced pressure, and subsequent sintering of the remaining scaffold to consolidate and densify the struts and walls. The structure is very porous with the pores being a replica of the solvent crystals. The technique is rather versatile and the use of a liquid solvent (water most of the time) as a pore forming agent is a strong asset. Freeze-casting has also been developed as a near net shape forming route yielding dense ceramics. In this work we report on porous composite materials synthesized via the ice templating method. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is used as matrix and nano-silica (SiO2), nanoclay (NC) and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) are used as fillers to improve the mechanical stability of the PVA scaffold. We show our results on the porosity and mechanical stability and consider these porous nanocomposites as potential insulation materials with low thermal conductivity and superior mechanical properties.
Impact of thyroid cancer on the cancer risk in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or dyslipidemia
Authors: Ho Joon , Kim Eunhwa , Lee Myeongjee , Jung Inkyung , Jo Young Suk , Lee Jandee
Published: January 2023

The raised prevalence of obesity has increased the incidence of obesity-related metabolic diseases such as dyslipidemia (DL) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), along with the development and progression of various types of cancer, including thyroid cancer. In this study, we investigated whether thyroid cancer in patients with DL and NAFLD could be a risk factor for other cancers. To achieve our goal, we generated two independent cohorts from our institution and from the National Health Insurance System in South Korea. Based on the ICD-10 code, we conducted exact matching (1:5 matching) and estimated the overall risk of thyroid cancer for other cancers in patients with DL or NAFLD. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the hazard ratio (HR) of thyroid cancer was 2.007 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.597–2.522) and 2.092 (95% CI, 1.546–2.829), respectively in the institutional cohort and 1.329 (95% CI, 1.153–1.533) and 1.301 (95% CI, 1.115–1.517), respectively in the nationwide cohort. Risk analysis revealed a significant increase in the HR in lip, tongue, mouth, lung, bone, joint, soft tissue, skin, brain, male cancers and lymphoma after thyroid cancer occurred. Thyroid cancer in patients with DL or NAFLD might be a valuable factor for predicting the development of other cancers.
Abnormal physiological findings after FFR-based revascularisation deferral are associated with worse prognosis in women
Authors: Hoshino Masahiro , van de Hoef Tim P. , Lee Joo Myung , Hamaya Rikuta , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Boerhout Coen K. M. , de Waard Guus A. , Jung Ji-Hyun , Lee Seung Hun , Mejia-Renteria Hernan , Echavarria-Pinto Mauro , Meuwissen Martijn , Matsuo Hitoshi , Madera-Cambero Maribel , Eftekhari Ashkan , Effat Mohamed A. , Marques Koen , Doh Joon-Hyung , Christiansen Evald H. , Banerjee Rupak , Nam Chang-Wook , Niccoli Giampaolo , Murai Tadashi , Nakayama Masafumi , Tanaka Nobuhiro , Shin Eun-Seok , Sasano Tetsuo , Appelman Yolande , Beijk Marcel , Knaapen Paul , van Royen Niels , Escaned Javier , Koo Bon Kwon , Piek Jan J. , Kakuta Tsunekazu
Published: January 2023

The prognostic value of abnormal resting Pd/Pa and coronary flow reserve (CFR) after fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided revascularisation deferral according to sex remains unknown. From the ILIAS Registry composed of 20 hospitals globally from 7 countries, patients with deferred lesions following FFR assessment (FFR > 0.8) were included. (NCT 04485234) The primary clinical endpoint was target vessel failure (TVF) at 2-years follow-up. We included 1392 patients with 1759 vessels (n = 564 women, 31.9%). Although resting Pd/Pa was similar between the sexes (p = 0.116), women had lower CFR than men (2.5 [2.0–3.2] vs. 2.7 [2.1–3.5]; p = 0.004). During a 2-year follow-up period, TVF events occurred in 56 vessels (3.2%). The risk of 2-year TVF was significantly higher in women with low versus high resting Pd/Pa (HR: 9.79; p < 0.001), whereas this trend was not seen in men. (Sex: P-value for interaction = 0.022) Furthermore, resting Pd/Pa provided an incremental prognostic value for 2-year TVF over CFR assessment only in women. After FFR-based revascularisation deferral, low resting Pd/Pa is associated with higher risk of TVF in women, but not in men. The predictive value of Pd/Pa increases when stratified according to CFR values, with significantly high TVF rates in women in whom both indices are concordantly abnormal.

Clinical Trial Registration: Inclusive Invasive Physiological Assessment in Angina Syndromes Registry (ILIAS Registry), NCT04485234.
Efficient cell death mediated by bioengineered killer extracellular vesicles
Authors: Dancourt Julia , Piovesana Ester , Lavieu Gregory
Published: January 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biological vehicles that are thought to mediate cell–cell communication via the transfer of biomolecules from donor to acceptor cells. Repurposing those natural vesicles into therapeutics delivery vectors is a high priority challenge for translational science. Here we engineer donor cells to produce copious amount of fusogenic EVs loaded with the catalytic domain of the Diphteria Toxin, known to trigger cell death through protein synthesis inhibition. We show that, when incubated with cancer acceptor cells, these Killer EVs block protein synthesis and lead to cell death. This proof of concept establishes the efficacy of Killer EVs in vitro, and suggests that further development may lead to tumor ablation in vivo, expanding the existing cancer therapeutics arsenal.
Saturation magnetisation as an indicator of the disintegration of barium hexaferrite nanoplatelets during the surface functionalisation
Authors: Lisjak Darja , Arčon Iztok , Poberžnik Matic , Herrero-Saboya Gabriela , Tufani Ali , Mavrič Andraž , Valant Matjaz , Boštjančič Patricija Hribar , Mertelj Alenka , Makovec Darko , Martin-Samos Layla
Published: January 2023

Barium hexaferrite nanoplatelets (BHF NPLs) are permanent nanomagnets with the magnetic easy axis aligned perpendicular to their basal plane. By combining this specific property with optimised surface chemistry, novel functional materials were developed, e.g., ferromagnetic ferrofluids and porous nanomagnets. We compared the interaction of chemically different phosphonic acids, hydrophobic and hydrophilic with 1–4 phosphonic groups, with BHF NPLs. A decrease in the saturation magnetisation after functionalising the BHF NPLs was correlated with the mass fraction of the nonmagnetic coating, whereas the saturation magnetisation of the NPLs coated with a tetraphosphonic acid at 80 °C was significantly lower than expected. We showed that such a substantial decrease in the saturation magnetisation originates from the disintegration of BHF NPLs, which was observed with atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and confirmed by a computational study based on state-of-the-art first-principles calculations. Fe K-edge XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) and EXAFS (Extended X-ray absorption fine structure) combined with Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of an Fe–phosphonate complex on the partly decomposed NPLs. Comparing our results with other functionalised magnetic nanoparticles confirmed that saturation magnetisation can be exploited to identify the disintegration of magnetic nanoparticles when insoluble disintegration products are formed.
Sustainable production of bio-propionic acid: synergy between vacancy and thermoelectron in MoS2/MoO3 composite-enhanced hydrodeoxygenation of lactic acid
Authors: Liu Ruixue , Li Xinli , Ma Kai , Chen Zhi , Tang Congming
Published: January 2023

The MoS2/MoO3 composite offered superior conversion (90.4%) of lactic acid and propionic acid selectivity (88.4%) since the hydroxyl-specific site in the lactic acid molecule was accurately activated by a sulfur vacancy.
Hydrodeoxygenation of acetic acid over Ni-promoted Cu-based catalysts: a theoretical mechanism and kinetic study
Authors: Zhang Minhua , Du Jingbo , Chen Yifei
Published: January 2023

Reaction mechanism and descriptor of HDO process of acetic acid on (NiCu) bimetallic catalysts.
Using dopamine interlayers to construct Fe/Fe3C@FeNC microspheres of high N-content for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts of Zn–air batteries
Authors: Huang Naibao , Dong Wenjing , Feng Yuan , Liu Wei , Guo Likui , Xu Jingnan , Sun Xiannian
Published: January 2023

The PDA interlayer serves as a buffer agent to avoid destruction of template.
AgPd nanocages sandwiched between a MXene nanosheet and PDA layer for photothermally improved catalytic activity and antibacterial properties
Authors: Jin Jie , Wu Shanshan , Wang Jing , Xu Yunqi , Xuan Shouhu , Fang Qunling
Published: January 2023

In this work, a MXene@AgPd/polydopamine (PDA) nanosheet with excellent photothermal conversion efficiency was successfully synthesized by a simple redox-oxidative polymerization method.
Copper and silver nanowires for CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Conte Andrea , Baron Marco , Bonacchi Sara , Antonello Sabrina , Aliprandi Alessandro
Published: January 2023

Copper and silver nanowires as novel electrocatalysts for the electroreduction of CO2.
Enantioselective Michael addition of malonates to β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters catalysed by Cu(ii) complexes bearing binaphthyl–proline hybrid ligands
Authors: Yu Shibo , Cai Qihang , Li Jiahui , Yu Tianxu , Liang Jiemian , Jiao Zilin , Yao Chao , Li Yue-Ming
Published: January 2023

Up to 96% yields and up to 92% ee were achieved in enantioselective Michael addition of malonates to β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters catalysed by copper(ii) complexes bearing binaphthyl–proline hybrid ligands.
Immobilization of a TiO2–PEDOT:PSS hybrid heterojunction photocatalyst for degradation of organic effluents
Authors: Vavilapalli Durga Sankar , Rosen Johanna , Singh Shubra
Published: January 2023

A plausible mechanism of photodegradation of methylene blue using a PVA/TiO2–PEDOT:PSS heterojunction catalyst film.
The dodeca-coordinated La©B8C4+/0/− molecular wheels: conflicting aromaticity versus double aromaticity
Authors: Wang Ying-Jin , Zhao Jia-Xin , Yan Miao , Feng Lin-Yan , Miao Chang-Qing , Liu Cheng-Qi
Published: January 2023

La©B8C4+/0/− clusters adopt interesting molecular wheel structures with a dodeca-coordinated La in plane, setting a record for planar structures in chemistry. We provide new ideas and concepts for searching for planar hyper-coordinated systems.
Thickness effect of an alumina–zirconia–mullite composite coating on the properties of zirconia
Authors: Cao Dake , Lv Kuilin , Bao Yiwang , Tian Yuan , Wan Detian
Published: January 2023

In this study, a Al2O3–ZrO2–SiO2 slurry was prepared as a coating material, which formed an alumina–zirconia–mullite composite coating after sintering. A zirconia substrate was coated using the alumina–zirconia–mullite composite in order to enhance its strengthviacompressive residual stress.
Selectively mixed matrix hemodialysis membrane for adequate clearance of p-cresol by the incorporation of imprinted zeolite
Authors: Raharjo Yanuardi , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Dzarfan Othman Mohd Hafiz , Fahmi Mochamad Zakki , Saiful  , Santoso Djoko , Nugroho Mochamad Ifan , Merna Diana , Arief Maipha Deapati , Pratama Risma Chikita
Published: January 2023

SEM images for fabricated membranes at varied PES loading and spun at 40 cm of air gap distance.
Deep learning for automated size and shape analysis of nanoparticles in scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Bals Jonas , Epple Matthias
Published: January 2023

Particles depicted in scanning electron micrographs are automatically identified and classified according to size and shape with a deep-learning algorithm. The procedure works for both SE images and STEM images.
Catalytic degradation of azo dyes by bimetallic nanoparticles loaded in smart polymer microgels
Authors: Arif Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Bimetallic nanoparticles loaded in smart microgels have been synthesized successfully. The bimetallic nanoparticle-loaded microgel system showed excellent catalytic activity.
Cu(ii)-BODIPY photosensitizer for CAIX overexpressed cancer stem cell therapy
Authors: Jung Hyo Sung , Koo Seyoung , Won Miae , An Seeun , Park Haebeen , Sessler Jonathan L. , Han Jiyou , Kim Jong Seung
Published: January 2023

Chemoresistance originating from cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a major cause of cancer treatment failure and highlights the need to develop CSC-targeting therapies.
MetalProGNet: a structure-based deep graph model for metalloprotein–ligand interaction predictions
Authors: Jiang Dejun , Ye Zhaofeng , Hsieh Chang-Yu , Yang Ziyi , Zhang Xujun , Kang Yu , Du Hongyan , Wu Zhenxing , Wang Jike , Zeng Yundian , Zhang Haotian , Wang Xiaorui , Wang Mingyang , Yao Xiaojun , Zhang Shengyu , Wu Jian , Hou Tingjun
Published: January 2023

Metalloproteins play essential roles in various biological processes ranging from reaction catalysis to free radical scavenging, and they are also pertinent to numerous pathologies including cancer, HIV infection,and inflammation.
Zn/Ti/F synergetic-doped Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 for sodium-ion batteries with high energy density
Authors: Fan Yong , Ye Xianchang , Yang Xiaofen , Guan Lianyu , Chen Chunhua , Wang Huan , Ding Xiang
Published: January 2023

P2–Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 is a promising cathode for sodium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, but it elicits a harmful phase transformation and severe fading of capacity above 4.2 V.
Nicht-kleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: January 2023

Auf dem Kongress der European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) wurden interessante Studiendaten zum Vorgehen beim Osimertinib-resistenten nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) und zur Therapie bei fragilen NSCLC-Patienten vorgestellt.
Chronische lymphatische Leukämie
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: January 2023

In der Phase-II-Studie CAPTIVATE wird der synergistische Wirkmechanismus von Ibrutinib und Venetoclax für die Erstlinientherapie der CLL untersucht. Translationale Auswertungen, die auf dem EHA 2022 präsentiert wurden, bestätigen den bei der klinischen Anwendung beobachteten Synergismus der beiden Wirkstoffe anhand der Änderung von Blutparametern.
Hohe klinische Wertigkeit der Skelettszintigrafie beim Staging des Mammakarzinoms
Authors: Eilsberger Friederike , Girmond Clara , Boekhoff Jelena , Librizzi Damiano , Luster Markus , Pfestroff Andreas
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund Die Skelettszintigrafie ist eine sensitive Methode für die Darstellung von Knochenmetastasen. Trotz der festen Etablierung in die klinische Routine gibt es kaum Daten aus größeren homogenen Kollektiven zur Wertigkeit der Skelettszintigrafie im Rahmen des Stagings.

Ziel Ziel unserer Arbeit war die Evaluierung der Real-Life-Performance der Skelettszintigrafie als Staginguntersuchung bei Patientinnen mit der Erstdiagnose eines Mammakarzinoms.

Patienten und Methoden Wir werteten retrospektiv die Daten der im Jahr 2015 in unserer Klinik mittels Skelettszintigrafie untersuchten Patientinnen aus. Zusätzlich wurde über einen Zeitraum von 30 Monaten evaluiert, ob sich im Verlauf diese Ergebnisse bestätigten; hierzu wurden anschließende Untersuchungen ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse 207/258 Patientinnen zeigten in der initialen Skelettszintigrafie keine verdächtigen Befunde, bei 48 zeigte sich ein unklarer Befund, weshalb bei 42 Patientinnen weitere Diagnostik angeschlossen wurde. Im Follow-up wurden bei 4 Patientinnen neue Skelettmetastasen gefunden, diese hatten alle in der Primärdiagnostik Szintigrafiebefunde, die als „unklar“ gewertet wurden. Es ergab sich je nach Wertung des Ereignisses (metastasenverdächtig/metastasenverdächtig und unklar) eine Sensitivität von 37,5 %/100 %, eine Spezifität von 100 %/80 %, ein positiv prädiktiver Wert von 100 %/15,7 % und ein negativ prädiktiver Wert von 98 %/100 %.

Schlussfolgerung Mittels der Skelettszintigrafie und weiterer Abklärung konnte in 99,2 % der vollständig untersuchten Patientinnen ein klinisch aussagekräftiger Befund erhoben werden, welcher sich im F17808378ollow-up bestätigte. Dieses Ergebnis zeigt die gute Real-Life-Performance der Skelettszintigrafie als Staginguntersuchung bei Patientinnen mit erstdiagnostiziertem Mammakarzinom.
Head-on collision of magnetosonic solitary waves at low latitudes ionosphere plasma
Authors: Zhang Ganjun , Xiao Hongyang , Wang Yunliang
Published: January 2023

The dynamics of head-on collision of two magnetosonic solitary waves in ionosphere plasma of the Earth is investigated. A geomagnetic field model standing for the relation between a magnetic field and latitude is used to study nonlinear magnetosonic waves in the ionosphere of Earth. The linear and weakly nonlinear properties of magnetosonic waves are studied by the dispersion relation and the extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo (PLK) method, respectively. Two coupled damped Korteweg–de Vries equations (dKdV) are derived for oppositely propagating magnetosonic solitary waves. The explicit solitary wave solutions are obtained in the weak collision limit, and the trajectories and phase shifts of two magnetosonic solitary waves are derived, which show that collisional dynamics and their phase shifts are dependent on the collision caused by neutral particles and the properties of the ionosphere. This study is applied to investigate the two-counterpropagating magnetosonic solitary waves located in the F2-region of the Earth's ionosphere at low latitude. This study should be beneficial to understand the interaction dynamics of the head-on nonlinear magnetosonic waves located in the F2 layer of the ionosphere when collision effects caused by neutral particles and geomagnetic field distribution are considered.
Characterization of DC glow discharge plasma in co-axial electrode geometry system by nonlinear dynamical analysis tools
Authors: Kumar R. , Narayanan R. , Tarey R. D. , Ganguli A.
Published: January 2023

This paper reports plasma behavior in an un-magnetized, co-axial electrode geometry DC glow discharge plasma system. Fluctuations and hysteresis in discharge characteristics have been observed when the electrode system has a central anode configuration. The important fact is that fluctuations and hysteresis in discharge characteristics are not observed in a central cathode configuration. The radial profile of plasma potential shows that it is less than the anode potential, so current continuity is maintained in this current-driven system. This paper also attempts to identify the source of order-to-chaos-to-order in floating potential oscillations with respect to the discharge characteristics. When discharge current (Id) increases after the first negative differential resistance region, the system self-organizes and stabilizes into a state of periodic oscillations. Chaotic behavior is a possible development of new dynamical states in the discharge, which develops from an initial high frequency, low amplitude oscillations (in the range 11.6 mA < Id < 15 mA) and, thereafter, transits to low frequency, large amplitude oscillations at Id >15 mA. In the reverse path of discharge characteristics, the oscillations are more regular than in the forward path. Before the production of low frequency, large amplitude oscillations, the current oscillations follow a similar pattern to the floating potential oscillations. As it transits from chaotic to low frequency, large amplitude floating potential oscillations, discharge current oscillations show a chaotic type of behavior.
Density profile transition and high-energy electron transport in a magnetically expanding radio frequency plasma
Authors: Emoto Kazuma , Takahashi Kazunori , Takao Yoshinori
Published: January 2023

The density profile transition and high-energy electron transport in a magnetically expanding radio frequency (RF) plasma were investigated using particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo collision techniques, where both the plasma source and the diffusion region were simulated self-consistently. The simulation results show that the density profile changes from center-peaked to bimodal plasma with increasing magnetic field strength, where bimodal plasma was observed in previous experiments. Then, the density profile transition is discussed with respect to ionization, electron temperature, and high-energy electron density. This indicates that electrons were heated by the RF field and transported radially inward across magnetic field lines. The moving distance of high-energy electrons is explained by an electron-neutral elastic collision. Therefore, the density formation depends on where the electrons are heated and how far the high-energy electrons are transported by an elastic collision, implying the longer existing time of high-energy electrons that move radially inward away from the RF antenna.
On the shock-driven hydrodynamic instability in square and rectangular light gas bubbles: A comparative study from numerical simulations
Authors: Singh Satyvir , Torrilhon Manuel
Published: January 2023

A comparative investigation of the hydrodynamic instability development on the shock-driven square and rectangular light gas bubbles is carried out numerically. In contrast to the square bubble, both horizontally and vertically aligned rectangular bubbles with different aspect ratios are taken into consideration, highlighting the impacts of aspect ratios on interface morphology, vorticity production, and bubble deformation. Two-dimensional compressible Euler equations for two-component gas flows are simulated with a high-order modal discontinuous Galerkin solver. The results show that the aspect ratio of rectangular bubbles has a considerable impact on the evolution of interface morphology in comparison with a square bubble. In horizontal-aligned rectangular bubbles, two secondary vortex rings connected to the primary vortex ring are produced by raising the aspect ratio. While in vertical-aligned rectangular bubbles, two re-entrant jets are seen close to the top and bottom boundaries of the upstream interface with increasing aspect ratio. The baroclinic vorticity generation affects the deformation of the bubble interface and accelerates the turbulent mixing. Notably, the complexity of the vorticity field keeps growing as the aspect ratio does in horizontal-aligned rectangular bubbles, and the trends are reversed in the vertical-aligned rectangular bubbles. Further, these aspect ratio effects also lead to the different mechanisms of the interface characteristics, including the upstream and downstream distances, width, and height. Finally, the temporal evolution of spatially integrated fields, including average vorticity, vorticity production terms, and enstrophy are analyzed in depth to investigate the impact of aspect ratio on the flow structure.
Magnetic coupling of divalent metal centers in postsynthetic metal exchanged bimetallic DUT-49 MOFs by EPR spectroscopy
Authors: Thangavel Kavipriya , Mendt Matthias , Garai Bikash , Folli Andrea , Bon Volodymyr , Murphy Damien M. , Kaskel Stefan , Pöppl Andreas
Published: January 2023

EPR measurements at X- (9.5 GHz), Q- (34 GHz) and W-band (94 GHz) on paddlewheel (PW) type post-synthetic metal exchanged DUT-49(M,M): M- Zn, Mn, Cu MOFs are here reported (DUT–Dresden University of Technology). Temperature-dependent X-band measurements are recorded from T = 7 K to T = 170 K on monometallic DUT-49(Cu), DUT-49(Mn), and bimetallic DUT-49(Cu0.7Zn0.3), DUT-49(Cu0.5Mn0.5) MOFs. In the case of the CuII - CuII dimers in DUT-49(Cu), an isotropic exchange coupling of the metal ions (2J = −240(11) cm−1) determined from the EPR intensity of the S = 1 spin state of the CuII–CuII dimers using the Bleaney Blowers equation. The sign of the found isotropic exchange coupling constant confirms an antiferromagnetic coupling between the cupric ions. Also, the MnII ions in the paddle wheels of DUT-49(Mn) are antiferromagnetically coupled. However, at low temperatures, EPR measurements reveal the presence of CuII and MnII monomers in DUT-49(Cu) and DUT-49(Mn), respectively, either associated with extra framework sites or defective paddle wheels. Otherwise, EPR signals observed for bimetallic DUT-49(Cu0.7Zn0.3) and DUT-49(Cu0.5Mn0.5) MOFs reveal the formation of mixed ion CuII–ZnII and CuII–MnII paddle wheels with SCuZn =1/2 and SCuMn = 2 spin states, respectively.
Identifying building locations in the wildland–urban interface before and after fires with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Kasraee Neda K. , Hawbaker Todd J. , Radeloff Volker C.
Published: January 2023

Background Wildland–urban interface (WUI) maps identify areas with wildfire risk, but they are often outdated owing to the lack of building data. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can extract building locations from remote sensing data, but their accuracy in WUI areas is unknown. Additionally, CNNs are computationally intensive and technically complex, making them challenging for end-users, such as those who use or create WUI maps, to apply. Aims We identified buildings pre- and post-wildfire and estimated building destruction for three California wildfires: Camp, Tubbs and Woolsey. Methods We evaluated a CNN-based building dataset and a CNN model from a separate commercial vendor to detect buildings from high-resolution imagery. This dataset and model represent to end-users the state of the art of what is readily available for potential WUI mapping. Key results We found moderate accuracies for the building dataset and the CNN model and a severe underestimation of buildings and their destruction rates where trees occluded buildings. The CNN model performed best post-fire with accuracies ≥73%. Conclusions Existing CNNs may be used with moderate accuracy for identifying individual buildings post-fire and mapping the extent of the WUI. The implications are, however, that CNNs are too inaccurate for post-fire damage assessments or building counts in the WUI.
Minimizing habitat conflicts in meeting net-zero energy targets in the western United States
Authors: Wu Grace C. , Jones Ryan A. , Leslie Emily , Williams James H. , Pascale Andrew , Brand Erica , Parker Sophie S. , Cohen Brian S. , Fargione Joseph E. , Souder Julia , Batres Maya , Gleason Mary G. , Schindel Michael H. , Stanley Charlotte K.
Published: January 2023

The scale and pace of energy infrastructure development required to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are unprecedented, yet our understanding of how to minimize its potential impacts on land and ocean use and natural resources is inadequate. Using high-resolution energy and land-use modeling, we developed spatially explicit scenarios for reaching an economy-wide net-zero GHG target in the western United States by 2050. We found that among net-zero policy cases that vary the rate of transportation and building electrification and use of fossil fuels, nuclear generation, and biomass, the “High Electrification” case, which utilizes electricity generation the most efficiently, had the lowest total land and ocean area requirements (84,000 to 105,000 km
2
vs. 88,100 to 158,000 km
2
across all other cases). Different levels of land and ocean use protections were applied to determine their effect on siting, environmental and social impacts, and energy costs. Meeting the net-zero target with stronger land and ocean use protections did not significantly alter the share of different energy generation technologies and only increased system costs by 3%, but decreased additional interstate transmission capacity by 20%. Yet, failure to avoid development in areas with high conservation value is likely to result in substantial habitat loss.
Culturally Sensitive Forensic Mental Healthcare for Racialized People Labeled as Not Criminally Responsible: A Scoping Review
Authors: De Pau Marjolein , Vruggink Ruth , Vandevelde Stijn , Vander Laenen Freya
Published: January 2023

Racialized people who are labeled Not Criminally Responsible (NCR) are relatively overrepresented in forensic mental healthcare. In this respect, it is essential to provide culturally sensitive treatment in forensic mental healthcare in an attempt to reduce ethnic disparities. Both general mental healthcare and prison settings are actively exploring and producing empirical knowledge on culturally sensitive treatment, but it remains unclear what evidence is available for forensic mental healthcare delivery. To answer this question, a scoping review is conducted. Three databases (i.e. Medline, Web of Science and APA PsycArticles) were systematically searched for any qualitative, quantitative or theoretical paper about practices or treatment focused on racialized people labeled as NCR in forensic mental healthcare. In total, 551 articles were retrieved. After a detailed selection procedure by two independent researchers, only a small number of eligible articles (<10) were retained. Research on cultural practices in forensic mental healthcare seems to be predominantly based in Western countries and conducted in the last decade. Thematically, the research efforts are targeted toward culturally sensitive assessment tools, therapeutic interventions and programs, and forensic care organization. This study demonstrates how this research field is still in its early stages. There is an undeniable lack of evidence considering culturally sensitive therapeutic frameworks or approaches in forensic mental healthcare. In conclusion, it is imperative that this topic firmly emerges on the research agenda.
Mammalian fertilization: Does sperm IZUMO1 mediate fusion as well as adhesion?
Authors: Bianchi Enrica , Wright Gavin J.
Published: January 2023

The molecular mechanism of sperm–egg fusion is a long-standing mystery in reproduction. Brukman and colleagues (2022. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202207147) now provide evidence that the sperm surface protein IZUMO1, which is essential for mammalian fertilization, can induce membrane fusion in cultured cells.
Efficiency enhancements of a Monte Carlo beamlet based treatment planning process: implementation and parameter study
Authors: Mueller S , Guyer G , Volken W , Frei D , Torelli N , Aebersold D M , Manser P , Fix M K
Published: January 2023

Objective. The computational effort to perform beamlet calculation, plan optimization and final dose calculation of a treatment planning process (TPP) generating intensity modulated treatment plans is enormous, especially if Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are used for dose calculation. The goal of this work is to improve the computational efficiency of a fully MC based TPP for static and dynamic photon, electron and mixed photon-electron treatment techniques by implementing multiple methods and studying the influence of their parameters. Approach. A framework is implemented calculating MC beamlets efficiently in parallel on each available CPU core. The user can specify the desired statistical uncertainty of the beamlets, a fractional sparse dose threshold to save beamlets in a sparse format and minimal distances to the PTV surface from which 2 × 2 × 2 = 8 (medium) or even 4 × 4 × 4 = 64 (large) voxels are merged. The compromise between final plan quality and computational efficiency of beamlet calculation and optimization is studied for several parameter values to find a reasonable trade-off. For this purpose, four clinical and one academic case are considered with different treatment techniques. Main results. Setting the statistical uncertainty to 5% (photon beamlets) and 15% (electron beamlets), the fractional sparse dose threshold relative to the maximal beamlet dose to 0.1% and minimal distances for medium and large voxels to the PTV to 1 cm and 2 cm, respectively, does not lead to substantial degradation in final plan quality compared to using 2.5% (photon beamlets) and 5% (electron beamlets) statistical uncertainty and no sparse format nor voxel merging. Only OAR sparing is slightly degraded. Furthermore, computation times are reduced by about 58% (photon beamlets), 88% (electron beamlets) and 96% (optimization). Significance. Several methods are implemented improving computational efficiency of beamlet calculation and plan optimization of a fully MC based TPP without substantial degradation in final plan quality.