bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Milliscale reactors for integration of continuous precipitation and filtration
Authors: Pons Royo Maria del Carme , Montes‐Serrano Ignacio , Valery Eric , Jungbauer Alois , Satzer Peter
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

The development of integrated continuous biomanufacturing processes faces a significant challenge when the parameters for the design of the process cannot be accurately estimated from those of batch experiments. Process design is even more challenging if the outcome of one unit operation highly influences the performance of the subsequent one, such as in harvesting of a precipitate by filtration. In the case of protein precipitation, results from the batch and continuous experiements deviate and their scale‐down is limited. Microfluidics suffer from poor mixing characteristics. Thus, milliscale devices were developed to maintain mixing performance but at the expense of a slightly larger scale.

RESULTS

Milliscale devices were developed for the precipitation of antibodies in continuous tubular reactors to compare different dosage times in small scale. The reactors have multiple addition points for precipitant for the continuous, controlled and precise addition of the precipitating agent without valves. The designed devices have a narrow residence time distribution to achieve fast mixing and a small volume that reduces the time and cost for experiments tenfold. Milliscale devices were used to evaluate the most appropriate dosage time for protein precipitation, thus improving purity by a factor of 3 compared to single addition. The resulting filterability of precipitates in tangential flow filtration and depth filtration was improved.

CONCLUSION

Results demonstrated that multiple additions were more beneficial than single addition because they help to reduce pressure and increase filter capacity. Such devices can be used to determine and adjust the precipitation methodology to optimize floc formation and improve solid–liquid separation while reducing development time and cost. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Intravenous combined with intrabiliary contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation of resectability of hilar cholangiocarcinomas
Authors: Jianxiong Wang , Yu Wu , Juyi Wang , Guangxia Wang
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate the application value of combined intravenous contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (IV‐CEUS) with intrabiliary contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (IB‐CEUS) in the preoperative evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) resectability.

Methods

Clinical data from 82 patients with HCCA confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative IV‐CEUS + IB‐CEUS and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were performed and the results were compared with surgical and pathological findings.

Results

The accuracy of the Bismuth‐Corlette classification confirmed by IV‐CEUS + IB‐CEUS and MRCP was 95.12% (78/82) and 87.8% (72/82), respectively. The diagnostic precision of IV‐CEUS + IB‐CEUS was better than MRCP (p = 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and precision of CEUS for diagnosing lymph node metastases (72.7%, 93.3%, and 87.8%), intrahepatic metastases (78.6%, 98.5%, and 93.9%), invasion of the hepatic artery (92.9%, 98.5%, and 97.6%) and invasion of the portal vein (93.8%, 98.5%, and 97.6%) of HCCA were, respectively. The consistency between the preoperative evaluation of resectability confirmed by IV‐CEUS +IB‐CEUS and MRCP was 85.4% (70/82) and 78.0% (64/82), respectively. In addition, the evaluations did not have statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two evaluations (p = 0.266).

Conclusion

IV‐CEUS combined with IB‐CEUS has significant value in classifying HCCA and evaluating the resectability of lymph node metastases, liver metastases, and vessel invasion.
Atomic force microscopy application to study of the biomechanical properties of the aortic intima in the context of early atherosclerosis
Authors: He Yin , Qin Chuanyu , Sun Zhifu , Liu Zesen , Chen Yan , Meng Kang
Published: July 2022

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the infiltration of macrophages, accumulation of lipids, activation of endothelial cells and synthesis of extracellular matrix by vascular smooth muscle cells. However, there have been few atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of the aortic intima in situ in the context of atherosclerosis. By employing a customized liquid cell for AFM, we investigated the aortic intima obtained from male C57BL/6 ApoE‐deficient mice (ApoE−/−) aged 14 weeks and male C57BL/6 ApoE‐sufficient mice (ApoE+/+) aged between 18 and 26 weeks that were fed a high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diet for 4 weeks and performed force spectroscopy mapping of the biomechanical properties of the intima. In the aortas of ApoE‐deficient mice, the intima became stiffer than that of ApoE‐sufficient mice. In addition, the cytoskeleton of endothelial cells was enlarged, and extracellular matrix accumulated. The biomechanical properties of the aortic intima are altered in early atherogenesis, which may be induced by the enlargement of the endothelial cell cytoskeleton and the increased synthesis of extracellular matrix by activated smooth muscle cells.
Design, and synthesis of N‐benzyl spiro‐piperidine hydroxamic acid‐based derivatives: Histone deacetylase inhibitory activity and drug‐likeness prediction
Authors: Kurapati Chidvilas , Paidikondala Kalyani , Badavath Vishnu Nayak , Parveen Sabnam , Singh Om V. , Gundla Rambabu
Published: July 2022

Nonselective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show dose‐limiting side effects due to the inhibition of multiple, essential HDAC subtypes that can be limited by selective inhibitors. We herein synthesized a new series of N‐benzyl spiro‐piperidinehydroxamic acid‐based derivatives, which have been identified as a zinc‐binding group by combining privileged structures with hydroxamic acid and N‐benzyl spiro‐piperidine. All the synthesized compounds had good antiproliferative activity against various tumor cell lines and were non‐toxic to the normal cells, AD293. Compound with halogen substitution (8i: 2,4‐dichloro and 8k: 2,4‐difluoro) shown 101.5‐ and 108‐fold selectivity towars HDAC6 inhibition over HDAC8 in‐vitro fluorometric‐based assay and compared with Tubastatin A. The obtained in‐vitro results were in agreement with molecular docking studies. The identified novel compounds occupy the catalytic domain of HDAC6 selectively and shed light on the role of both chlorine and fluorine instead of fluorination on benzohydroxamate‐based (ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2021, 12(11), 1810–1817) structure over class I isoforms. These obtained results can be used in the design of novel, highly selective HDAC6 inhibitors.
Cognitive Challenges Are Better in Distinguishing Binge From Nonbinge Drinkers: An Exploratory Deep‐Learning Study of fMRI Data of Multiple Behavioral Tasks and Resting State
Authors: Li Guangfei , Zhang Zhao , Chen Yu , Wang Wuyi , Bi Jinbo , Tang Xiaoying , Li Chiang‐Shan R.
Published: July 2022

Background

Studies have identified imaging markers of binge drinking. Functional connectivity during both task challenges and resting state was shown to distinguish binge and nonbinge drinkers. However, no studies have compared the efficacy of task and resting data in the classification.

Hypothesis

Task outperforms resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in the differentiation of binge and nonbinge drinkers. We tested the hypothesis via multiple deep learning algorithms.

Study Type

Cross‐sectional; retrospective.

Population

A total of 149 binge (107 men) and 151 demographically matched, nonbinge (92 men) drinkers curated from the Human Connectome Project, with 80% randomly selected for model development and 20% for validation/test.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3 T; fMRI with a blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) gradient‐echo echo‐planar sequence.

Assessment

FMRI data of resting state and seven behavioral tasks were acquired. Graph convolutional network (GCN), long short‐term memory, convolutional, and recurrent neural network models were built to distinguish bingers and nonbingers using connectivity matrices of 8, 116, and 268 regions of interest (ROI). Nodal metrics including betweenness centrality, degree centrality, clustering coefficient, efficiency, local efficiency, and shortest path length were calculated from the GCN model.

Statistical Tests

Model performance was quantified by the area under the curve (AUC) in receiver operating characteristic analysis. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Task outperformed resting data in classification by approximately 8% by AUC in the test set. Across models and ROI sets, the gambling, motor, language and working memory tasks, each with AUC of 0.614, 0.612, 0.605, and 0.603, performed better than resting data (AUC = 0.548). Models with 116 ROIs (AUC = 0.602) consistently outperformed those with 8 ROIs (AUC = 0.569). Task data performed best with GCN (AUC = 0.619). Nodal metrics of left supplementary motor area and right cuneus showed significant group main effect across tasks.

Conclusion

Neural responses to cognitive challenges relative to resting state better characterize binge drinking. The performance of different network models may depend on behavioral tasks and the number of ROIs.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics in patients with fulminant myocarditis
Authors: Itoh Tomonori , Kobayashi Takamasa , Oshikiri Yuya , Arakawa Yumeka , Satoh Mamoru , Morino Yoshihiro
Published: July 2022

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics in patients with fulminant myocarditis.

Methods

A total of 72 patients were divided into three groups: pericarditis (control: n = 25), acute myocarditis (n = 27), and fulminant myocarditis (n = 20). Patients' characteristics and electrocardiograms on admission were retrospectively analyzed in the three groups.

Results

BNP levels in the fulminant group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups. ST elevation was observed at lead aVR in the fulminant myocarditis group, whereas ST depression was observed at lead aVR in the other groups (p = .001). The maximum degree of ST elevation among the three groups was similar. However, the number of ST‐elevation leads in the fulminant myocarditis group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (p = .004). The voltage of R wave in lead V5 in the fulminant myocarditis group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (p = .005). Moreover, in the Cabrera sequence, the prevalence of ST elevation in the inferior leads, aVR, and V3–V6 in the fulminant myocarditis group was significantly or nearly significantly lower than that in the other groups.

Conclusions

In fulminant myocarditis, ST‐segment elevation was observed in lead aVR, and contrarily, the number and extent of ST‐segment elevation and R wave voltage were smaller than those in the other groups. These results suggest that the number of myocytes with maintained action potential may be reduced following progressive myocardial damage and interstitial edema due to severe inflammation.
[Re]thinking outside the box: A meta‐analysis of constraints and creative performance
Authors: Damadzic Adam , Winchester Christopher , Medeiros Kelsey E. , Griffith Jennifer A.
Published: July 2022

The influence of constraints (i.e., barriers or limitations) on creativity has drawn attention from various fields but has largely yielded conflicting findings. Some studies suggest constraints may have a positive impact on creativity while others find a negative impact. In an effort to clarify this debate and provide direction for future efforts, this meta‐analysis examined the relationship between constraints and creativity. Using a sample of 111 published and unpublished studies, a series of random‐effects meta‐regression models and subgroup analyses were conducted and identified a significant positive relationship between constraints and creativity. Moderator analyses confirmed the relationship differed substantially depending on the constraint type, study design, funding status, and creativity operationalization and measurement. These findings suggest that constraints may not be detrimental to creativity, despite prior assumptions. Findings further suggest that constraint type may be less influential than typically assumed. Instead, methodological artifacts provide a better explanation for the varying existing findings in how constraints benefit or hinder creativity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Changing temporal volatility of precipitation extremes due to global warming
Authors: Franzke Christian L. E.
Published: July 2022

It is of utmost importance to understand how precipitation extremes change due to global warming. Here, we examine the volatility of precipitation extremes by analysing the waiting time distribution between events and the clustering of precipitation extremes. For this we use the ERA5 reanalysis data and high‐resolution simulations with the Community Earth System Model (CESM). We find significant evidence for a power‐law distribution of waiting times between precipitation extremes and of serial clustering of precipitation extremes. This suggests that precipitation extremes do not occur independently from each other. This is in contrast with previous studies which typically assume that precipitation extreme events occur independently from each other. CESM reproduces these properties well. The climate change simulations show that the waiting times between precipitation extremes become shorter and that at the same time the clustering of precipitation extremes increases. Hence, global warming affects the temporal characteristics of precipitation extremes and, thus, precipitation extremes will become more volatile.
Assessment of future wind speed and wind power changes over South Greenland using the Modèle Atmosphérique Régional regional climate model
Authors: Lambin Clara , Fettweis Xavier , Kittel Christoph , Fonder Michaël , Ernst Damien
Published: July 2022

Wind is an infinitely renewable energy source that is not evenly distributed in space and time. The interconnection of energy‐demanding and energy‐resourceful (yet remote) regions would help prevent energy scarcity in a world where fossil fuels are no longer used. Previous studies have shown that South Greenland and West Europe have complementary wind regimes. In particular, the southern tip of Greenland, Cape Farewell, has gained growing interest for wind farm development as it is one of the windiest places on Earth. In order to gain new insights about future wind speed variations over South Greenland, the Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (MAR), validated against in situ observations over the tundra where wind turbines are most likely to be installed, is used to build climate projections under the emission scenario SSP5‐8.5 by downscaling an ensemble of CMIP6 Earth System Models (ESMs). It appeared that between 1981 and 2100, the wind speed is projected to decrease by ~−0.8 m·s−1 at 100 m a.g.l. over the tundra surrounding Cape Farewell. This decrease is particularly marked in winter while in summer, a wind speed acceleration is projected along the ice sheet margins. An analysis of two‐dimensional wind speed changes at different vertical levels indicates that the winter decrease is likely due to a large‐scale circulation change while in summer, the katabatic winds flowing down the ice sheet are expected to increase due to an enhanced temperature contrast between the ice sheet and the surroundings. As for the mean annual maximum wind power a turbine can yield, a decrease of ~−178.1 W is projected at 100 m a.g.l. Again, the decrease is especially pronounced in winter. Considering the very high winter wind speeds occurring in South Greenland which can cut off wind turbines if too intense, the projected wind speed decrease might be beneficial for the establishment of wind farms near Cape Farewell.
Advantages of a variable‐resolution global climate model in reproducing the seasonal evolution of East Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Zhu Haonan , Zhang Jie , Xu Zexuan , Di Vittorio Alan V. , Xin Xiaoge , Xiao Chan , Li Yonghua
Published: July 2022

The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is unique among monsoon systems that it features meridional evolution of the summer monsoon. In this study, we evaluate the performances of a Variable‐Resolution Community Earth System Model (VR‐CESM) regionally refined over eastern China (14 km) in reproducing the seasonal evolution of EASM precipitation over China. Compared with reference datasets, VR‐CESM shows better performance than the corresponding globally uniform coarse‐resolution model CESM (quasi‐uniform 1°), especially over western China where complex local topography exists. The northward monsoon migration is closely related to low‐level southerly flows and vertical moisture advection, which are more reasonably simulated in VR‐CESM. The four critical timings of the EASM (monsoon onset, withdrawal, peak, and duration) are also better captured in VR‐CESM than in CESM. The corresponding spatial Pearson correlation coefficients of the four critical timings with respect to reference datasets are about 0.1 higher in VR‐CESM than those in CESM. Both models are most accurate in simulating monsoon onset and least accurate at simulating the monsoon peak. The overestimated zonal thermal contrast in CESM is responsible for the earlier monsoon onset and excessive precipitation in September over the Yangtze River valley. Finer resolution in VR‐CESM, especially over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), appears to be a main factor in simulating better zonal thermal contrast and seasonal evolution of the EASM.
Impacts of global warming on summer precipitation trend over northeastern Eurasia during 1990–2010 using large‐ensemble experiments
Authors: Kanamori Hironari , Abe Manabu , Fujinami Hatsuki , Hiyama Tetsuya
Published: July 2022

Summer precipitation (June–August) increased markedly during the 2000s in Siberia, particularly in eastern Siberia. However, the nature of the mechanism that controlled this increase in precipitation remains under discussion. This study investigated the impacts of global warming on the trend of summer precipitation over northeastern Eurasia using large‐ensemble data from historical warming and nonwarming simulations for 1990–2010. Positive summer precipitation trends across Siberia reproduced in the ensemble mean of the historical simulation were similar to the observed data; however, negative trends observed over northeast China and Mongolia were not found in the ensemble mean. To extract members with a pattern of precipitation trend similar to that of the observations, empirical orthogonal function analysis was applied to the summer precipitation trend over Siberia for each simulation. The first leading mode in each simulation showed increase (decrease) in precipitation over eastern Siberia (northeast China), consistent with the spatial features of the observations. In the extracted members, the spatial pattern of the cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation trend over northern parts of eastern Siberia (northeast China), associated with decadal and multidecadal variation, was amplified by global warming and resulted in an increasing trend of westerly moisture flux into eastern Siberia from western Siberia. Additionally, surface heating in northeast China, enhanced by global warming, might concurrently have intensified the cyclonic circulation over eastern Siberia. Furthermore, the results suggested that the reduced extent of Arctic sea ice coverage played a role in strengthening the cyclonic circulation over eastern Siberia and enhancing water vapour transport from the Arctic Ocean, which contributed to the strength of the westerly moisture flux over eastern Siberia. Although notable impacts of global warming on the precipitation trend in northeastern Eurasia were found, internal variation in the model experiments was also likely to have affected the precipitation trend, particularly in mid‐latitude regions.
Lagged effect of Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance on subacute postsurgical PROMIS Pain Behavior
Authors: Highland Krista B. , Parry James , Kent Michael , Patzkowski Jeanne C. , Patzkowski Michael S. , Herrera Germaine , Kane Alexandra , Giordano Nicholas A.
Published: July 2022

Sleep disturbance is a modifiable risk factor that, when reduced, may improve subacute postsurgical outcomes (e.g., pain‐related impact). Evidence also indicates that pain and sleep may have a bidirectional longitudinal relationship before to (sub) acutely after surgery. The objective of the present study is to examine the degree to which sleep disturbances and pain behavior have uni‐ or bidirectional relationships in a sample of patients undergoing sports orthopedic surgery. In this observational, longitudinal cohort study, participants ( = 296) were adult (ages 18+) active duty service members who underwent open or arthroscopic shoulder or knee surgery at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. Participants were asked to complete PROMIS Sleep Disturbance and Pain Behavior computer adaptive testing item banks before surgery, 6 weeks postsurgery, and 3 months postsurgery. Patient‐level covariates were analyzed for interrelationships using nonparametric bivariate statistics. Autoregressive and cross‐lagged structural equation modeling examined the bidirectional relationships of patient‐level covariates and PROMIS outcomes. When controlling for patient‐level covariates, sleep disturbance at presurgical and 2‐week postsurgical timepoints were positively associated with both sleep disturbance and pain behavior at the subsequent timepoint. Sleep disturbance may contribute to pain‐related functioning and quality of life after sports orthopedic surgery. Future studies utilizing multidimensional patient report outcomes and robust analytics are needed to better understand whether sleep‐targeted interventions can improve subacute and long‐term orthopedic sports surgery outcomes.
Three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging analysis shows sex‐specific patterns in changes in anterior cruciate ligament cross‐sectional area along its length
Authors: Menghini Danilo , Kaushal Shankar G. , Flannery Sean W. , Ecklund Kirsten , Murray Martha M. , Fleming Braden C. , Kiapour Ata M.
Published: July 2022

Smaller anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) size in females has been hypothesized to be a key contributor to a higher incidence of ACL tears in that population, as a lower cross‐sectional area (CSA) directly corresponds to a larger stress on the ligament for a given load. Prior studies have used a mid‐length CSA measurement to quantify ACL size. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging to quantify the CSA along the entire length of the intact ACL. We hypothesized that changes in the ACL CSA along its length would have different patterns in males and females. We also hypothesized that changes in ACL CSA along its length would be associated with body size or knee size with different associations in females and males. MR images of contralateral ACL‐intact knees of 108 patients (62 females, 13–35 years) undergoing ACL surgery were used to measure the CSA along the ACL length, using a custom program. For both females and males, the largest CSA was located at 37%–39% of ACL length from the tibial insertion. Compared to females, males had a significantly larger CSA only within the distal 41% of the ACL (p < 0.001). ACL CSA was associated with patient height and weight in males (r > 0.3; p < 0.05), whereas it was associated with intercondylar notch width in females (r > 0.3; p < 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of standardizing the location of measurement of ACL CSA.
Modeling anabolic and antiresorptive therapies for fracture healing in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: O'Donohue Alexandra K. , Dao Aiken , Bobyn Justin D. , Munns Craig F. , Little David G. , Schindeler Aaron
Published: July 2022

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic bone fragility disorder that features frequent fractures. Bone healing outcomes are contingent on a proper balance between bone formation and resorption, and drugs such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and bisphosphonates (BPs) have shown to have utility in modulating fracture repair. While BPs are used for OI to increase BMD and reduce pain and fracture rates, there is little evidence for using BMPs as local agents for fracture healing (alone or with BPs). In this study, we examined wild‐type and OI mice (Col1a2+/G610C) in a murine tibial open fracture model with (i) surgery only/no treatment, (ii) local BMP‐2 (10 µg), or (iii) local BMP‐2 and postoperative zoledronic acid (ZA; 0.1 mg/kg total dose). Microcomputed tomography reconstructions of healing fractures indicated BMP‐2 was less effective in an OI setting, however, BMP‐2 +ZA led to considerable increases in bone volume (+193% WT, p < 0.001; +154% OI, p < 0.001) and polar moment of inertia (+125% WT, p < 0.01; +248% OI, p < 0.05). Tissue histology revealed a thinning of the neocortex of the callus in BMP‐2 treated OI bone, but considerable retention of woven bone in the healing callus with BMP + ZA specimens. These data suggest a cautious approach may be warranted with the sole application of BMP‐2 in an OI surgical setting as a bone graft substitute. However, this may be overcome by off‐label BP administration.
Table olive elicits antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Franco‐Ávila Talia , Moreno‐González Rocío , Juan M. Emília , Planas Joana M.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Table olives are a food with a high content of bioactive compounds with cardioprotective properties, such as oleic acid, polyphenols, and pentacyclic triterpenes. Here, we investigate the effect of the intake of table olives on blood pressure (BP) and body weight in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive controls, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. ‘Arbequina’ table olives (3.85 g kg−1) were administered by gavage to SHR and WKY rats in short‐term (1 day) and long‐term (7 weeks) experiments. BP was measured by the tail‐cuff method, and polyphenols and triterpenes were determined in olives and plasma by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.

RESULTS

Administration of ‘Arbequina’ olives to WKY rats did not exert any change in BP in any of the experiments. However, in SHR, the single dose induced a transient reduction in BP of approximately 15 mmHg, from the second to the tenth hour after the administration. In the long‐term assay, a similar decrease was established in the second week and was maintained throughout the experiment. Moreover, the daily administration of olives to rats did not affect their body weight when compared with controls in either the WKY rats or SHR. The determination of polyphenols and triterpenes in plasma indicated that, at the end of the experiment, only maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and luteolin were found, all of them being compounds with already described capacity to decrease BP.

CONCLUSION

The results suggest that the daily intake of table olives could decrease BP in hypertension without affecting body weight, indicating that table olives could contribute to improving cardiovascular health. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
NMR‐based metabolomics reveals tissue metabolic responses to tetramethoxy gossypol in cottonseed oil
Authors: Lv Mengying , Wang Lei , Guo Yujuan , Yao Jun
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Cottonseed oil is one of the most widely consumed cooking oils because of its high nutritional benefits and relatively low price. The present study evaluated the effects of tetramethoxy gossypol (TMG), a rarely reported degradation product of free gossypol produced in crudely extracted cottonseed oil, on the metabolic responses of liver, heart, spleen, kidney and lung tissues in rats using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric and bioinformatics techniques.

RESULTS

Endogenous low‐molecular‐weight metabolites in rat liver, heart, spleen, kidney and lung tissues were profiled by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The unsupervised principal components analysis and the supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed that the metabolic profiles in liver samples were greatly changed after TMG administration. Twenty significantly changed liver metabolites were screened out and further evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, which were closely related to amino acid, glutathione, energy and lipid metabolism.

CONCLUSION

Concerning the potential chronic exposure to TMG in cottonseed oil and other cottonseed products, the cumulative effects of dietary TMG on tissues, especially the liver, should be noted when improving the quality control standard of cottonseed oil. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pedicled vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap for sacropelvic defects after wide oncologic resection: Wound complications and outcomes
Authors: Shah Akash A. , Lozano‐Calderon Santiago A. , Berner Emily A. , Austen William G. , Winograd Jonathan M. , Park Howard Y. , Bernthal Nicholas M. , Crawford Brooke M. , Hornicek Francis J.
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives

Adequate coverage of the soft tissue defects from wide resection of sacropelvic malignancies remains challenging. The vastus lateralis flap has been described for coverage in the setting of trauma and infection. This flap has not been described for coverage of sacropelvic tumor defects.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent wide resection of a primary sacropelvic malignancy with reconstruction employing a pedicled vastus lateralis flap at two tertiary care centers. Patient demographics, tumor staging, and rate of complications were assessed.

Results

Twenty‐eight patients were included, with a median age of 51 years. The most common primary tumor was chondrosarcoma followed by chondroblastic osteosarcoma. The median follow‐up was 1.1 years. There were 10 cases of wound infection requiring re‐operation and three cases of flap failure.

Conclusions

We describe a pedicled vastus lateralis flap for coverage of defects after wide resection of sacropelvic malignancies. A large proportion of our cohort had independent risk factors for wound complications. Even with a cohort with high baseline risk for wound complications, we show that the use of a pedicled vastus lateralis flap is a safe reconstructive option with a wound complication rate in line with the literature.
A multidimensional strategy to rapidly identify the chemical constituents in Shengxian Decoction by using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Meiyuan , Li Hanlin , Gao Yang , Li Yanyi , Sun Yuzhen , Liu Shu , Liu Zhongying
Published: July 2022

As a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine formula, the chemical constituents of Shengxian Decoction still remain unclear due to its complexity. In this study, a multidimensional strategy based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and informatics UNIFI platform was applied to achieve rapid and comprehensive identification of the complex composition of Shengxian Decoction. Data‐independent acquisition, fast data‐directed analysis, and high‐definition MSE were used to obtain more and cleaner mass spectrum information. As a result, a total of 120 compounds including 74 saponins, 17 flavonoids, 7 cinnamic acid derivatives, 8 triterpenoids, and 14 others were identified or tentatively characterized by high‐resolution molecular mass, fragment ions, and collision cross‐section values. Furthermore, high‐definition MSE was used to identify six pairs of co‐eluting isomers that could not be detected from conventional data‐independent acquisition and fast data‐directed analysis. This research strategy has a certain potential for the analysis of other compound formulae and lays the foundation for the study of traditional Chinese medicine efficacy.
Importance of flood irrigation for foraging colonial waterbirds
Authors: Moulton Colleen E. , Carlisle Jay D. , Knetter Sonya J. , Brenner Kathryn , Cavallaro Robert A.
Published: July 2022

For a colonial‐nesting bird, like the white‐faced ibis (Plegadis chihi), the landscape surrounding the breeding colony can be important. White‐faced ibis must rely on areas outside their breeding colony for foraging, but this part of their life history has received little attention, and the management of this landscape even less so. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted road‐based driving surveys and a randomly selected, spatially balanced sample survey of agricultural fields within a 22‐km radius of the 2 largest white‐faced ibis breeding colonies in Idaho, USA: Market Lake Wildlife Management Area and Mud Lake Wildlife Management Area. Our study took place in 2012 and the primary objective was to quantify patterns of foraging habitat use of this marsh‐nesting species, particularly associations with specific irrigation practices and crop types. We documented the majority of foraging birds in flood‐irrigated and wheel‐line sprinkler‐irrigated agricultural fields (76%) and natural wetlands (13%), which were limited in our study area (3% of land cover). Even though 70% of the agricultural landscape included center pivot sprinkler irrigation, only 11% of foraging observations came from this irrigation type. Most agricultural fields (>85%) used by foraging ibis were flood‐irrigated and all had standing water or recent moisture at the time of use. Though ibis used many crop types when foraging in flooded agricultural fields, ibis use of alfalfa (58%) was greater than availability (38%). We also observed distinct distribution patterns around the 2 breeding colonies. Whereas birds foraged in all directions around Mud Lake (~80%) within a 12‐km radius from the colony, we observed over half of birds around Market Lake foraging within 12–22 km, and almost exclusively to the south and southeast of the colony, reflecting the distribution of flood‐irrigated agriculture in the area. The most common foraging distance (12–22 km) around Market Lake is greater than found in existing literature, suggesting that the foraging habitat is limited within 12 km of the colony and that the birds may need to travel farther to find adequate foraging habitat. Flood‐irrigated agriculture and natural wetlands provide foraging habitats for white‐faced ibis in eastern Idaho and should be considered in future management and conservation of wetland birds.
Interventions and Outcomes in Glottic Versus Multi‐level Airway Stenosis: A Multi‐institutional Review
Authors: Rao Shambavi J. , Gochman Grant E. , Stasyuk Anastasiya , Del Rosario Kychelle L. , Cates Daniel J. , Madden Lyndsay L. , Young VyVy N.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Airway stenosis—particularly multi‐level—presents complex management challenges. This study assessed rates of tracheostomy, decannulation, and the number of surgeries required in patients with posterior glottic stenosis (PGS), multi‐level airway stenosis (MLAS), and bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP).

Methods

Airway stenosis patients treated between 2016 and 2021 at three tertiary medical centers were identified. Demographics, etiology of stenosis, medical comorbidities, and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected.

Results

158 patients (84 women, mean age 56.98 ± 15.5 years) were identified (54 PGS, 38 MLAS, and 66 BVFP). 72.3% required tracheostomy, including 72.2%, 86.8%, and 63.6% in these groups, respectively. Decannulation rates were 43.6%, 21.2%, and 32.5% in these groups, respectively. Patients with MLAS had higher rates of tracheostomy than BVFP (p < 0.05). However, decannulation rates were not different between groups (p > 0.05). MLAS required more surgeries (mean 4.0 ± 3.9) than PGS (2.4 ± 2.2, p = 0.02) or BVFP (1.0 ± 1.8, p < 0.0001). Mean PROMs scores at the latest follow‐up were abnormal: 15.4 ± 12.2 (Dyspnea Index), 19.9 ± 12.2 (Voice Handicap Index‐10), and 9.67 ± 11.1 (Eating Assessment Tool‐10). Co‐morbidities present included body mass index >30 (41.4%), diabetes (31.8%), pulmonary disease (50.7%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (39.4%), autoimmune disease (22.9%), and tobacco use history (55.2%).

Conclusions

Airway stenosis is a challenging clinical problem that negatively impacts patients' quality of life and often requires numerous surgeries. PGS more frequently requires tracheostomy compared to BVFP, but patients can often decannulate successfully. Patients with multi‐level stenosis have lower decannulation rates and require more surgeries than glottic stenosis alone; these patients may benefit from earlier and/or more aggressive intervention.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:528–534, 2023
Positive Deep Initial Incision Margin Affects Outcomes in TORS for HPV+ Oropharynx Cancer
Authors: Kejner Alexandra , Gentile Christopher , Porterfield Zachary , Carroll William R. , Buczek Erin Partington
Published: July 2022

Objective

Evaluate the effect of initial incision margins (IIM) on clinical outcomes after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) squamous cell cancers of the oropharynx (OPSCC).

Methods

Retrospective chart review of patients undergoing TORS for HPV+ OPSCC from 2007 to 2015 was performed. Overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), recurrence, and metastases were evaluated in the context of pathology, IIM, final margins, adjuvant therapy, and patient characteristics.

Results

Ninety‐five patients with HPV+ OPSCC undergoing primary surgery were identified. 88% of these patients had no evidence of disease at the conclusion of the study (average follow‐up 45 months). Twenty were identified that had true positive IIM and 16 had very close IIM, with the remainder demonstrating widely negative margins. Tumor very close to or involving the deep margin but not a mucosal margin was associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion were associated with positive IIM. Positive or very close IIM on the deep margin was found to impact DSS and recurrence.

Conclusion

Obtaining negative IIM while performing TORS for HPV+ OPSCC is a modifiable factor that affects recurrence and DSS. Larger surgical margins should be considered in patients with perineural invasion or whose tumor abuts the initial deep margin.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:1132–1137, 2023
Predicting Progression of Oral Lesions to Malignancy Using Machine Learning
Authors: Wu Michael P. , Hsu Grace , Varvares Mark A. , Crowson Matthew G.
Published: July 2022

Objective

To use large‐scale electronic health record (EHR) data to develop machine learning models predicting malignant transformation of oral lesions.

Methods

A multi‐institutional health system database was used to identify a retrospective cohort of patients with biopsied oral lesions. The primary outcome was malignant transformation. Chart review and automated system database queries were used to identify a range of demographic, clinical, and pathologic variables. Machine learning was used to develop predictive models for progression to malignancy.

Results

There were 2192 patients with a biopsied oral lesion, of whom 1232 had biopsy proven oral dysplasia. There was malignant transformation in 34% of patients in the oral lesions dataset, and in 54% of patients in the dysplasia subset. Multiple machine learning‐based models were trained on the data in two experiments, (a) including all patients with biopsied oral lesions and (b) including only patients with biopsy‐proven dysplasia. In the first experiment, the best machine learning models predicted malignant transformation among the biopsied oral lesions with an area under the curve (AUC) of 86%. In the second experiment, the random forest model predicted malignant transformation among lesions with dysplasia with an AUC of 0.75. The most influential features were dysplasia grade and the presence of multiple lesions, with smaller influences from other features including anemia, histopathologic description of atypia, and other prior cancer history.

Conclusion

With diverse features from EHR data, machine learning approaches are feasible and allow for generation of models that predict which oral lesions are likely to progress to malignancy.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:1156–1162, 2023
Unveiling the increasingly altered patterns of wetland ecosystem functional diversity in the lower Delta of the Paraná River
Authors: Aquino Diego Sebastián , Gavier‐Pizarro Gregorio I. , Quintana Rubén Darío
Published: July 2022

Since climate, environmental and anthropic controls affect ecosystem functioning simultaneously, wetlands are permanently changing at different spatio–temporal scales. Thus, regionalizations based not only on structural, but also on functional features of ecosystems constitute a much‐needed baseline towards proper decision‐making and environmental management in the context of land degradation and water management infrastructure. Our aim was to identify and characterize the spatio‐temporal patterns of ecosystem functional diversity in a highly diverse and altered mosaic of wetland ecosystems and assess its environmental and anthropic controls. The characterization was based on satellite‐derived functional units (FUs), involving seven rasterized traits derived from complementary time‐series decomposition techniques applied to a 15‐year n….. v…… d… i….. (NDVI) product (2001–2015). The study area exhibited a vast functional heterogeneity, strongly related to differing anthropic and hydro‐geomorphological features. Vegetation dynamics were increasingly restricted by the precipitation regime in areas naturally or anthropically decoupled from the flood pulse, which also exhibited the lowest ecosystem functional richness. Depicted as morpho‐dynamically stable, areas still subject to recurring overflow events and higher water permanence exhibited sustained NDVI values during the growing season. Our study addresses a proper case of globally widespread land degradation processes occurring across several wetland ecosystems on Earth. Particularly, development of unrestricted water management infrastructure and decouplement from the hydrologic regime suggests an ongoing loss of ecosystem functional diversity and constrained carbon gain dynamics. In this context, the spatio‐temporal accuracy of our study constitutes a reliable and replicable foundation, suitable for improvement of environmental management in wetland ecosystems.
Influence of land‐use changes on microbial community structure and diversity in a semiarid region
Authors: Vázquez Carolina , Verdenelli Romina A. , Merlo Carolina , Pérez Brandan Carolina , Kowaljow Esteban , Meriles José M.
Published: July 2022

Land‐use change and the conversion of land into croplands is one of the main drivers of soil degradation and the loss of soil organic carbon. Few studies have evaluated the impact of the expansion of the agricultural frontier on soil microbial communities in the Gran Chaco region in South America; therefore, the objective of this study was to explore how soil microbial communities respond to land‐use changes in a semiarid region of Argentina. The land uses selected were total and selective clearing with livestock (TC‐livestock and SC‐livestock), total clearing with agriculture (TC‐agriculture), and an undisturbed site (R‐Chancaní). Our results suggest that microbial abundances were strongly influenced by seasonal changes. In both seasons, the lowest values of total microbial biomass were observed in TC‐agriculture and TC‐livestock. In the wet season, TC‐agriculture had the lowest fungal abundance, and both total clearing sites (TC‐livestock and TC‐agriculture) had higher bacterial abundance than the other sites. Our data also showed that the Shannon and richness indices were highest at the farming sites, indicating a similar tendency in the diversity indexes in both dry and wet seasons. According to Pearson correlation analysis, humic substance (HS) content was a key driver influencing soil microbial communities, demonstrating that high HS content may significantly increase bacteria, fungi, and total phospholipid fatty acids. Microbial composition highly depended on seasonal changes. Overall, our results suggest that land‐use change altered microbial community structure and bacterial diversity, and that HS content played a crucial role in driving changes in soil microbial composition.
Single Crystals Self‐Assembled to Sector‐Face Dendritic Aggregates by Synchrotron Microbeam X‐Ray Analysis on Poly(ethylene succinate)
Authors: Nagarajan Selvaraj , Li Hsiao‐Hua , Woo Eamor M. , Chuang Wei‐Tsung , Tsai Yi Wei
Published: July 2022

Poly(ethylene succinate) (PESu), upon crystallization with a morphology‐modulating diluent and at low degree of supercooling, forms peculiarly novel sector‐face dendritic aggregates. Delicate dissection by various microscopic techniques is used to confirm the unique differences of these two faces in the PESu dendrites. Powerful synchrotron‐source generated X‐ray microbeam analysis is performed to prove without doubt the nature of the single crystals that self‐assemble into these two sectors, respectively. Both microscopy results and 1D/2D wide‐angle X‐ray patterns collectively confirm that one sector‐face of the PESu dendrites is composed all fully flat‐on with the single‐crystal's basal face contacting the substrate and branching growth with mutual perpendicular ≈90° angle intersections; the second face is composed fully edge‐on with the prism face contacting the substrate and growth with mutual oblique 5–30° angle intersections. The growth intersection angles are also proved by the azimuthal angles in 1D and 2D X‐ray patterns.
Algebraic completion without the axiom of choice
Authors: Harmse Jørgen
Published: July 2022

Läuchli and Pincus showed that existence of algebraic completions of all fields cannot be proved from Zermelo‐Fraenkel set theory alone. On the other hand, important special cases do follow. In particular, I show that an algebraic completion of  can be constructed in Zermelo‐Fraenkel set theory.
Progress, Challenge, and Perspective of Fabricating Cellulose
Authors: Qiao Haiyu , Li Maoyuan , Wang Chuanyang , Zhang Yun , Zhou Huamin
Published: July 2022

Cellulose as the most abundant biopolymers on Earth, presents appealing performance in mechanical properties, thermal management, and versatile functionalization. Developing fabrication methods to design functional materials and open new application areas. However, cellulose is hard to be dissolved or melt due to its recalcitrant property. Herein, the recent progress of fabricating cellulose is summarized. First, the unique hierarchical structure of cellulose is fully investigated and the resulted processability is analysed in directions of down to nanocellulose, dissolution, and thermoplastic processing. Then, the reported fabrication methods are summarized in three aspects: (1) self‐assembly from nano/micro cellulose suspensions, especially the formation of cellulose nanocrystals; (2) dissolution–regeneration–drying, covering spinning and solvent infusion processing; and (3) thermoplastic processing, focusing on the setup and the morphology changes of the prepared products. In each aspect, the flowchart of the fabrication method, the mechanism, fabricated products, and effects of processing parameters are explored. Finally, this review provides a perspective on the further direction of fabricating cellulose, especially the challenges toward mass production.