bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daratumumab monotherapy compared with historical control data in heavily pretreated and highly refractory patients with multiple myeloma: An adjusted treatment comparison
Authors: Usmani Saad Z. , Diels Joris , Ito Tetsuro , Mehra Maneesha , Khan Imran , Lam Annette
Published: May 2017

Daratumumab is a human CD38‐directed monoclonal antibody approved in the United States as monotherapy for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have received ≥3 prior lines of therapy (LOTs), including a proteasome inhibitor (PI) and an immunomodulatory agent (IMiD) or who are double refractory to a PI and an IMiD, and in combination with lenalidomide/dexamethasone or bortezomib/dexamethasone for patients with MM who have received ≥1 prior LOT. This study compared the efficacy of daratumumab monotherapy versus historical controls through adjusted treatment comparison. Patient‐level data were pooled from two daratumumab monotherapy studies (16 mg/kg; GEN501 and SIRIUS) and two independent US databases (IMS LifeLink and OPTUM), which reflect treatments used in real‐world patients with MM who received ≥3 prior LOTs or were double refractory to a PI and an IMiD. Using a multivariate proportional hazards regression model, the relative treatment effect of daratumumab versus historical controls was estimated, adjusting for imbalances in characteristics between cohorts. Baseline characteristics that differed between patients treated with daratumumab (N = 148) and historical control (N = 658) were prior treatment with pomalidomide (55% vs 15%) or carfilzomib (41% vs 28%) and triple/quadruple refractory status (64% vs 14%). The adjusted overall survival–hazard ratio (OS‐HR) for daratumumab versus historical control was 0.33 (95% confidence interval, 0.24‐0.46) compared with 0.46 (0.35‐0.59) for unadjusted HR. Impact of adjustment was mainly driven by refractory status and prior pomalidomide/carfilzomib exposure. This adjusted treatment comparison suggests that daratumumab demonstrates improved OS compared with historical control data in heavily pretreated and highly refractory MM patients.
Ultrasensitive Measurement of Ca2+ Influx into Lipid Vesicles Induced by Protein Aggregates
Authors: Flagmeier Patrick , De Suman , Wirthensohn David C. , Lee Steven F. , Vincke Cécile , Muyldermans Serge , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Gandhi Sonia , Dobson Christopher M. , Klenerman David
Published: May 2017

To quantify and characterize the potentially toxic protein aggregates associated with neurodegenerative diseases, a high‐throughput assay based on measuring the extent of aggregate‐induced Ca2+ entry into individual lipid vesicles has been developed. This approach was implemented by tethering vesicles containing a Ca2+ sensitive fluorescent dye to a passivated surface and measuring changes in the fluorescence as a result of membrane disruption using total internal reflection microscopy. Picomolar concentrations of Aβ42 oligomers could be observed to induce Ca2+ influx, which could be inhibited by the addition of a naturally occurring chaperone and a nanobody designed to bind to the Aβ peptide. We show that the assay can be used to study aggregates from other proteins, such as α‐synuclein, and to probe the effects of complex biofluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, and thus has wide applicability.
Chloroaluminate ionic liquid‐modified silica‐coated magnetic nanoparticles: Efficient and reusable catalyst for selective synthesis of mono‐ and bis‐dihydropyrano[3,2‐b]chromenediones
Authors: Estakhri Ehsan , Nasr‐Esfahani Mahboobeh , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Moghadam Majid , Mirkhani Valiallah
Published: May 2017

The synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of chloroaluminate ionic liquid‐modified silica‐coated magnetic nanoparticles ([SiPrPy]AlCl4@MNPs) are described. The prepared magnetic nanocatalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, X‐ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma analysis. The results showed that the ionic liquid had been successfully immobilized onto the magnetic support, and the resulting nanoparticles exhibited high catalytic activity for the synthesis of a diverse range of dihydropyrano[3,2‐b]chromenediones via a one‐pot, three‐component and solvent‐free reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 1,3‐diones and kojic acid. This catalytic system also showed excellent activity in the selective synthesis of mono‐ and bis‐dihydropyrano[3,2‐b]chromenediones from dialdehydes. The procedure gave the products in excellent yields and in very short reaction times. Moreover, the catalyst could be reused eight times without loss of its catalytic activity.
(n‐Bu2Sn)2O(CO3): An active, robust and recyclable organotin(IV) for the direct synthesis of linear organic carbonates from carbon dioxide and alcohols
Authors: Sanapureddy Sreevardhan Reddy , Plasseraud Laurent
Published: May 2017

Organotin(IV) compounds are known to promote the direct synthesis of organic carbonates from carbon dioxide and alcohols. In the past, structural studies have highlighted that the carbonato moiety is a recurring ligand of tin species collected during CO2 pressurized reactions. In a mimetic approach and in order to achieve an available and recyclable precursor, the title compound (n‐Bu2Sn)2O(CO3) (1) was prepared in a single step by reacting commercial di‐n‐butyltin dichloride with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate. Compound 1 was characterized using infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric and elemental analyses. Multinuclear NMR investigations in solution were also conducted. Compound 1 was then evaluated for the direct carbonation of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, n‐butanol and isopropanol) under CO2 pressure. Recycling experiments were performed showing the efficient reuse of 1 without loss of activity. Furthermore, the infrared fingerprint of 1 was preserved even after several runs demonstrating a good stability. The effects of pressure and of reaction time on dimethyl carbonate formation were also studied.
Practical and theoretical aspects of Wacker oxidation of tolanophanes: Synthesis and characterization of novel diketonic cyclophanes
Authors: Darabi Hossein Reza , Rastgar Saeed , Khatamifar Ehsan , Aghapoor Kioumars , Sayahi Hani , Firouzi Rohoullah
Published: May 2017

Novel cyclophanes having 1,2‐diketones 2a–c were synthesized by Wacker oxidation of the corresponding tolanophanes 1a–c having various alkyl chain lengths (n = 2–4). Among them, tolanophane 1a with the shortest alkyl chain length (n = 2) having more strained alkyne shows the lowest product selectivity even lower than that of acyclic analogues at various reaction temperatures. In contrast, the oxidation of tolanophane 1b (n = 3) is clean with the highest activity and selectivity of 2b. Theoretical calculations confirm the experimental data. Based on ab initio calculations, the critical step of the reaction pathway is the interaction of oxygen atoms of 1 (in the absence of H2O) with Pd ion of intermediate [PdCl3(1)]− to give [PdCl2(1)] which keeps Pd ion close to the alkyne bond. This step is not observed computationally for 1a because the positions of the oxygen atoms are outside of its central part. This is in good agreement with almost no activity of 1a at room temperature to prove its rigid structure preventing the O…Pd interaction. Nevertheless, the alkyne…Pd interaction of 1b is not detected by NMR measurements which may be due to its too slow interaction at room temperature (35% after 24 h); however, this confirms ab initio calculation data that the preferred coordinating site is oxygen in the reaction pathway. In contrast, cyclic voltammetry measurements distinguish a different behaviour for the palladium complexation of 1. In general, it is found that the stereochemistry of tolanophanes rather than distortion of alkyne bond plays the critical role in the oxidation. The products are new and their structures were characterized.
A versatile synthesis of arylaminotetrazoles by a magnetic Fe@Phendiol@Mn nano‐particle catalyst and its theoretical studies
Authors: Habibi Davood , Heydari Somayyeh , Afsharfarnia Mina , Rostami Zahra
Published: May 2017

The Fe3O4 magnetic nano‐particles were modified with 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐diol and the relevant Mn complex (Fe@Phendiol@Mn) synthesized as a nano‐magnetic heterogeneous catalyst to be used for the synthesis of various arylaminotetrazoles from various arylcyanamides and sodium azide in DMF at 120 °C. Also, the nano‐catalyst characterized by different methods such as the elemental analysis (CHN), ICP, FT‐IR, XRD, EDX, SEM, TEM, TG‐DTA, VSM and XPS. In addition, the theoretical study of the Fe@Phendiol@Mn nano‐catalyst was performed using the Gausian software. The calculated results showed that the Gibbs free energy and the standard enthalpy values are negative; therefore the complex is stable. Incidentally, the computational chemistry descriptions including the electronic chemical potential, global hardness, electrophilicity index, energy gap, global softness and electronegativity were calculated.
The use of SrFe12O19 magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst in the modified Niementowski reaction
Authors: Mohammadi Ziarani Ghodsi , Kazemi Asl Zhila , Gholamzadeh Parisa , Badiei Alireza , Afshar Morteza
Published: May 2017

Nanomagnetic SrFe12O19 was synthesized through a simple sol–gel auto‐combustion and then characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, EDXA, VSM, BET and SEM image. Moreover, it was used as catalyst for the first time in the modified Niementowski reaction to investigate its catalytic activity. According to the high yield of quinazolinone products obtained within short reaction times, it was found that SrFe12O19 can be used as an effective and green nanocatalyst in organic reactions. The nanomagnetic catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture using an external magnet.
Variance swaps under the threshold Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model
Authors: Dong Fangyuan , Wong Hoi Ying
Published: May 2017

Variance swap is a typical financial tool for managing volatility risk. In this paper, we evaluate different types of variance swaps under a threshold Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model, which exhibits both mean reversion and regime switching features in the underlying asset price. We derive the analytical solution for the joint moment generating function of log‐asset prices at two distinct time points. This enables us to price various types of variance swaps analytically. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional characterization and tissue expression of marmoset cytochrome P450 2E1
Authors: Uehara Shotaro , Uno Yasuhiro , Tomioka Etsuko , Inoue Takashi , Sasaki Erika , Yamazaki Hiroshi
Published: May 2017

Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) have attracted increasing attention as a useful small non‐human primate model in preclinical research. However, studies on marmoset cytochrome P450 (P450) 2E enzyme have scarcely been conducted. In this study, the full‐length cDNA encoding P450 2E1 enzyme was isolated from marmoset livers by reverse transcription (RT)‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Marmoset P450 2E1 amino acid sequences were highly identical (>88%) to those of cynomolgus monkey and human P450 2E1 enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close evolutionary relationship among marmoset, cynomolgus monkey, and human P450 2E1 enzymes. The tissue expression pattern analyzed by real‐time RT‐PCR and immunoblotting demonstrated that marmoset P450 2E1 mRNA and proteins were predominantly expressed in livers. Marmoset P450 2E1 enzyme heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed the hydroxylation of p‐nitrophenol, chlorzoxazone, and theophylline, similar to cynomolgus monkey and human P450 2E1 enzymes. By kinetic analyses, those P450 2E1 enzymes catalyzed p‐nitrophenol hydroxylation with similar affinities and relatively high intrinsic clearance efficiencies. These results indicated that tissue distribution and enzyme‐substrate specificity of marmoset P450 2E1 were similar to cynomolgus monkey and human P450 2E1 enzymes, suggesting that marmosets are a suitable primate model for P450 2E1‐dependent drug and xenobiotic metabolism.
Production of zebrafish cardiospheres and cardiac progenitor cells in vitro and three‐dimensional culture of adult zebrafish cardiac tissue in scaffolds
Authors: Zeng Wendy R. , Beh Siew‐Joo , Bryson‐Richardson Robert J. , Doran Pauline M.
Published: May 2017

The hearts of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) are capable of complete regeneration in vivo even after major injury, making this species of particular interest for understanding the growth and differentiation processes required for cardiac tissue engineering. To date, little research has been carried out on in vitro culture of adult zebrafish cardiac cells. In this work, progenitor‐rich cardiospheres suitable for cardiomyocyte differentiation and myocardial regeneration were produced from adult zebrafish hearts. The cardiospheres contained a mixed population of c‐kit+ and Mef2c+ cells; proliferative peripheral cells of possible mesenchymal lineage were also observed. Cellular outgrowth from cardiac explants and cardiospheres was enhanced significantly using conditioned medium harvested from cultures of a rainbow trout cell line, suggesting that fish‐specific trophic factors are required for zebrafish cardiac cell expansion. Three‐dimensional culture of zebrafish heart cells in fibrous polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds was carried out under dynamic fluid flow conditions. High levels of cell viability and cardiomyocyte differentiation were maintained within the scaffolds. Expression of cardiac troponin T, a marker of differentiated cardiomyocytes, increased during the first 7 days of scaffold culture; after 15 days, premature disintegration of the biodegradable scaffolds led to cell detachment and a decline in differentiation status. This work expands our technical capabilities for three‐dimensional zebrafish cardiac cell culture with potential applications in tissue engineering, drug and toxicology screening, and ontogeny research. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2142–2148. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rat intersubjective decisions are encoded by frequency‐specific oscillatory contexts
Authors: Schaich Borg Jana , Srivastava Sanvesh , Lin Lizhen , Heffner Joseph , Dunson David , Dzirasa Kafui , de Lecea Luis
Published: May 2017

Introduction

It is unknown how the brain coordinates decisions to withstand personal costs in order to prevent other individuals’ distress. Here we test whether local field potential (LFP) oscillations between brain regions create “neural contexts” that select specific brain functions and encode the outcomes of these types of intersubjective decisions.

Methods

Rats participated in an “Intersubjective Avoidance Test” (IAT) that tested rats’ willingness to enter an innately aversive chamber to prevent another rat from getting shocked. c‐Fos immunoreactivity was used to screen for brain regions involved in IAT performance. Multi‐site local field potential (LFP) recordings were collected simultaneously and bilaterally from five brain regions implicated in the c‐Fos studies while rats made decisions in the IAT. Local field potential recordings were analyzed using an elastic net penalized regression framework.

Results

Rats voluntarily entered an innately aversive chamber to prevent another rat from getting shocked, and c‐Fos immunoreactivity in brain regions known to be involved in human empathy—including the anterior cingulate, insula, orbital frontal cortex, and amygdala—correlated with the magnitude of “intersubjective avoidance” each rat displayed. Local field potential recordings revealed that optimal accounts of rats’ performance in the task require specific frequencies of LFP oscillations between brain regions in addition to specific frequencies of LFP oscillations within brain regions. Alpha and low gamma coherence between spatially distributed brain regions predicts more intersubjective avoidance, while theta and high gamma coherence between a separate subset of brain regions predicts less intersubjective avoidance. Phase relationship analyses indicated that choice‐relevant coherence in the alpha range reflects information passed from the amygdala to cortical structures, while coherence in the theta range reflects information passed in the reverse direction.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the frequency‐specific “neural context” surrounding brain regions involved in social cognition encodes outcomes of decisions that affect others, above and beyond signals from any set of brain regions in isolation.
Just‐in‐time, viable, 3‐D avatars from scans
Authors: Feng Andrew , Rosenberg Evan Suma , Shapiro Ari
Published: May 2017

We demonstrate a system that can generate a photorealistic, interactive 3‐D character from a human subject that is capable of movement, emotion, speech, and gesture in less than 20 min without the need for 3‐D artist intervention or specialized technical knowledge through a near automatic process. Our method uses mostly commodity or off‐the‐shelf hardware. We demonstrate the just‐in‐time use of generating such 3‐D models for virtual and augmented reality, games, simulation, and communication. We anticipate that the inexpensive generation of such photorealistic models will be useful in many venues where a just‐in‐time 3‐D reconstructions of digital avatars that resemble particular human subjects is necessary.
Novel Single Lithium‐Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Based on Poly(hexafluorobutyl methacrylate–co–lithium allyl sulfonate) for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ji Pan‐Ying , Fang Jun , Zhang Yi‐Yong , Zhang Peng , Zhao Jin‐Bao
Published: May 2017

A new type of single‐ion conducting polymer electrolyte for lithium‐ion batteries, poly(hexafluorobutyl methacrylate‐co‐lithium allyl sulfonate) (P (HFMA‐co‐ASLi)), was firstly prepared by copolymerizing hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFMA) and sodium allyl sulfonate (SAS) with a subsequent lithiation process. The prepared polymer electrolyte exhibits high lithium ionic conductivity (10−4 S cm−1 at 80 °C) and excellent cycle performance at high temperature, which could be attributed to the good thermal stability (remains stable up to 300 °C), mechanical properties (7.1 MPa for breaking strength) and high lithium‐ion transference number (0.92). The electrolyte also displays good electrochemical stability (4.6 V). Our obtained results prove that the polymer P (HFMA‐co‐ASLi) is a promising candidate electrolyte for lithium‐ion batteries.
Halogen Substitution Effects on N2O Schiff Base Ligands in Unprecedented Abrupt FeII Spin Crossover Complexes
Authors: Phonsri Wasinee , Macedo David S. , Vignesh Kuduva R. , Rajaraman Gopalan , Davies Casey G. , Jameson Guy N. L. , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Ward Jas S. , Kruger Paul E. , Chastanet Guillaume , Murray Keith S.
Published: May 2017

A family of halogen‐substituted Schiff base iron(II) complexes, [FeII(qsal‐X)2], (qsal‐X=5‐X‐N‐(8‐quinolyl)salicylaldimines)) in which X=F (1), Cl (2), Br (3) or I (4) has been investigated in detail. Compound 1 shows a temperature invariant high spin state, whereas the others all show abrupt spin transitions, at or above room temperature, namely, 295 K (X=I) up to 342 K (X=Br), these being some of the highest T1/2 values obtained, to date, for FeII N/O species. We have recently reported subtle symmetry breaking in [FeII(qsal‐Cl)2] 2 with two spin transition steps occurring at 308 and 316 K. A photomagnetic study reveals almost full HS conversion of [FeII(qsal‐I)2] 4 at low temperature (T(LIESST)=54 °K). The halogen substitution effects on the magnetic properties, as well as the crystal packing of the [FeII(qsal‐X)2] compounds and theoretical calculations, are discussed in depth, giving important knowledge for the design of new spin crossover materials. In comparison to the well known iron(III) analogues, [FeIII(qsal‐X)2]+, the two extra π–π and P4AE interactions found in [FeII(qsal‐X)2] compounds, are believed to be accountable for the spin transitions occurring at ambient temperatures.
Photo‐Controlled Waves and Active Locomotion
Authors: Epstein Irving R. , Gao Qingyu
Published: May 2017

Waves of chemical concentration, created by the interaction between reaction and diffusion, occur in a number of chemical systems far from equilibrium. In appropriately chosen polymer gels, these waves generate mechanical forces, which can result in locomotion. When a component of the system is photosensitive, light can be used to modulate and control these waves. In this Concept article, we examine various forms of photo‐control of such systems, focusing particularly on the Belousov–Zhabotinsky oscillating chemical reaction. The phenomena we consider include image storage and image processing, feedback‐control and feedback‐induced clustering of waves, and phototropic and photophobic locomotion. Several of these phenomena have analogues in or potential applications to biological systems.
Molybdenum Carbide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Miao Mao , Pan Jing , He Ting , Yan Ya , Xia Bao Yu , Wang Xin
Published: May 2017

Electrocatalytic water splitting is a promising approach for clean and sustainable hydrogen production. Its large‐scale application relies on the availability of low cost and efficient electrocatalysts. Earth‐abundant transition‐metal carbides, especially molybdenum carbides (MoxC), are regarded as potential candidates to replace state‐of‐art but expensive platinum‐group electrocatalysts. In this Review, we summarize recent progress in MoxC electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Nanostructure engineering on the design and preparation of highly efficient electrocatalysts based on MoxC is presented, followed by the comparison and discussion of HER performance on MoxC‐based electrocatalysts. Finally, we offer a perspective on the future development of MoxC‐based electrocatalysts towards HER.
Anchimeric‐Assisted Spontaneous Hydrolysis of Cyanohydrins Under Ambient Conditions: Implications for Cyanide‐Initiated Selective Transformations
Authors: Yerabolu Jayasudhan Reddy , Liotta Charles L , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan
Published: May 2017

Nitrile/cyanide hydrolysis is of importance from the perspective of organic chemistry, especially, prebiotic chemistry. Herein we report that cyanohydrins, generated by the reaction of cyanide with β‐keto acids and γ‐keto‐alcohols, spontaneously hydrolyze under ambient conditions (aqueous medium, RT, and a range of pH). The spontaneous hydrolysis is affected by an intramolecular proton transfer and an intramolecular 5‐exo‐dig attack, but with a twist. In the case of β‐keto acids, the hydrolysis is mediated by the neighboring carboxylic acid group only at pH values less than 7, whereas in the case of γ‐keto‐alcohols the hydrolysis is mediated by the neighboring hydroxyl group only at pH values greater than 7. The results, in combination with previous works, have implications for selective transformations of cyanide‐initiated prebiotic systems chemistry.
A Lanthanide MOF Thin‐Film Fixed with Co3O4 Nano‐Anchors as a Highly Efficient Luminescent Sensor for Nitrofuran Antibiotics
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yao Hua , Chu Tianshu , Zhang Gaowei , Wang Yi , Yang Yangyi
Published: May 2017

Nitrofurans are a group of widely used veterinary antibiotics, which have been banned due to antibiotics pollution. Development of a rapid and effective method for the detection of nitrofuran antibiotics (NFAs) is an important challenge. Herein, we designed a chemical sensor based on a thin‐film composed of the lanthanide metal‐organic framework (Ln‐MOF) {[Eu2(BCA)3(H2O)(DMF)3]⋅0.5DMF⋅H2O}n (Eu‐BCA, in which BCA is 2,2′‐biquinoline‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate) coated on a cost‐effective stainless steel wire mesh (SSWM) by Co3O4 nano‐anchor fixation method. The MOF coatings were well adhered to the SSWM, resulting in a three‐dimensional porous, flexible, and processable sensor. The structure of the as‐prepared MOF thin‐film was confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and the surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significantly, the Eu‐BCA thin‐film was highly selective and sensitive to NFAs, and yet remained unaffected by other common antibiotics that may be present. The limits of detection for nitrofurantoin (NFT) and nitrofurazone (NFZ) are 0.21 and 0.16 μm, respectively. NFAs were also successfully detected in water from the Pearl River in Guangzhou, and from bovine serum samples. Hence, the reported Ln‐MOF thin‐film is a promising sensor for the detection of NFAs, thereby helping to protect human beings from all manner of hazards that arise from the abuse of antibiotics in livestock breeding.
Homogeneous Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by a Rigid Macrocyclic Copper(II) Complex
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Huang Haihua , Lu Tongbu
Published: May 2017

A copper(II) complex with a rigid macrocyclic ligand has been synthesized and utilized as a homogeneous electrocatalyst for water oxidation in sodium phosphate buffer at pH 12.0. By using a glassy carbon electrode in a 3 h electrolysis, a high current density of 1.3–1.4 mA/cm2 and a turn‐over number of 4 can be obtained with 1.0 mmol•L−1 of the copper catalyst at an overpotential of 750 mV. Kinetic studies revealed that the electrocatalysis with this complex is a single‐site catalysis with proton‐coupled electron transfers. Finally, its possible catalytic mechanism was tentatively proposed.
Supramolecular Wireframe DNA Polyhedra: Assembly and Applications
Authors: Li Yulin , Mao Chengde , Deng Zhaoxiang
Published: May 2017

Wireframe, polyhedral, supramolecular complexes made of DNA have uniform sizes, defined three‐dimensional shapes, porous facets, hollow interiors, good biocompatibilities, and chemical functionalizability. They confer great potentials in bottom‐up nanoengineering towards various applications. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the rational design and programmed assembly of DNA wireframe polyhedra. Their assembly is based on three distinctively different strategies: individual strands‐based assembly, tile‐based assembly, and scaffolded DNA origami. Applications of these polyhedral structures in templated nanomaterial assembly and in‐vivo cargo delivery are discussed. In the future, expanding the structural complexity and exploring their applications, especially in nanomaterials science and biomedicines, should be a primary focus of this rapidly developing and evolving activity of structural DNA nanotechnology.
A Fluorescent Zirconium‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework for Selective Detection of Nitro Explosives and Metal Ions
Authors: Tang Yuanzhe , Huang Hongliang , Peng Yaguang , Ruan Qunqun , Wang Keke , Yi Pengda , Liu Dahuan , Zhong Chongli
Published: May 2017

In this work, a new porous Zr‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) with a large Brunner‐Emmet‐Teller (BET) surface area was prepared by the solvothermal method using 4,4’‐(naphthalene‐1,4‐diyl)dibenzoic acid (NDDA) as the organic ligand, and the luminescent detection performance was studied systematically. The experiments combing with computations indicate that the as‐synthesized material can sensitively and selectively detect nitro explosives and metal ions, especially for 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP) and Fe3+, due to the possible electron transfer from inorganic moieties to organic moieties with naphthalene part. Interestingly, owing to its high porosity and large surface area, this Zr‐MOF showed quick luminescent response time (in 1 min) for TNP and Fe3+. The results obtained may provide useful information for the design of MOFs with the large permanent porosity in sensing applications for large molecules in the future.
PADP: A parallel data possession audit model for cloud storage
Authors: Yang Lei , Xu Kui , Liu Shi
Published: May 2017

Data integrity is one of the most important attributes need to be concerned by the customers of cloud storage. We propose a parallel audit model for data possession in distributed cloud storage environment. The model utilizes the virtues of both a provable data possession model and a data possession audit model and adopts a third‐party auditor to separate users from storage service providers. By introducing the audit log mechanism, it can significantly reduce the storage and computation overhead of data possession audit while guarantee the safety of audit process. Moreover, according to the characteristics of parallel computing in cloud storage environment, we propose a data possession proving algorithm called MapReduce‐based Parallel Challenge Proof Generation Algorithm (MR_PCPGA) by improving the data possession prove algorithm based on homomorphic tag in provable data possession model. Extensive security analysis and experimental results show that the proposed schemes are provably secure and highly efficient in distributed cloud storage environment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Favored Conformations of Carbonyl Compounds: A Structural Study of n‐Octanal
Authors: Truong Khai‐Nghi , Weger Lindsey B. , Stahl Wolfgang , Mouhib Halima
Published: May 2017

We report on the molecular structures of the two most abundant conformers of n‐octanal observed by molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Next to limonene, which is the main component of citrus‐oil, octanal and other n‐alkyl aldehydes strongly enhance the typical fresh smell of lemon‐oil. Due to the high flexibility of its n‐alkyl chain and the high number of possible conformers, different semi‐empirical methods (AM1, PM3, MMFF94) were used to sample the conformational space of octanal before performing more sophisticated quantum chemical calculations at the MP2 level of theory. This technique has previously been shown to be an ideal tool to characterize relevant odorant structures in fragrance chemistry. The structure of octanal and structurally related molecules is discussed in the context of the most abundant chain conformations and the potential use of the microwave validated structures for further studies in biological media.
Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Health and Disease: A State of the Art Review
Authors: Levey AS , Inker LA
Published: May 2017

Acute and chronic kidney diseases affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. There has been substantial progress in the past 20 years in the use of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations. In principle, use of a single equation for each filtration marker (creatinine, cystatin C, or the combination) for detection, evaluation, and management of kidney disease and for drug development and dosing would facilitate clinical practice. We review the principles for assessment of GFR, provide historical perspectives and updates regarding use of GFR estimating equations, including assay methods for filtration markers, performance of estimating equations, and recommendations by clinical practice guideline groups and regulatory agencies. We conclude that it is time to change from rigid adherence to the use of the Cockcroft‐Gault equation for use in drug development and drug dosing to the more accurate and more widely used Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equations.
Freestanding Gold/Graphene‐Oxide/Manganese Oxide Microsupercapacitor Displaying High Areal Energy Density
Authors: Morag Ahiud , Becker James Y. , Jelinek Raz
Published: May 2017

Microsupercapacitors are touted as one of the promising “next frontiers” in energy‐storage research and applications. Despite their potential, significant challenges still exist in terms of physical properties and electrochemical performance, particularly attaining high energy density, stability, ease of synthesis, and feasibility of large‐scale production. We present new freestanding microporous electrodes comprising self‐assembled scaffold of gold and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanowires coated with MnO2. The electrodes exhibited excellent electrochemical characteristics, particularly superior high areal capacitance. Moreover, the freestanding Au/rGO scaffold also served as the current collector, obviating the need for an additional electrode support required in most reported supercapacitors, thus enabling low volume and weight devices with a high overall device specific energy. Stacked symmetrical solid‐state supercapacitors were fabricated using the Au/rGO/MnO2 electrodes in parallel configurations showing the advantage of using freestanding electrodes in the fabrication of low‐volume devices.
Unusual presentation of disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Kumari Manju , Udayakumar Madhumitha , Kaushal Manju , Madaan Garima Baweja
Published: May 2017

Disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) is a systemic granulomatous disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This disease occurs mainly in immunocompromised individuals with CD 4 counts less than 200 cell/µL and is rarely noted in immunocompetent person. In India, this disease has been reported from several parts of the country of which most cases are from eastern India which is considered to be endemic for this disease. Inhalation of the spores can lead to a self‐limiting flulike illness in immunocompetent hosts. The most common organs involved are liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymphoreticular system, and gastrointestinal tract. Cutaneous manifestations of histoplasmosis are rare and are seen predominantly in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. We present a case of DH with generalized cutaneous lesions in a non‐HIV infected adult which posed a diagnostic challenge to our clinical colleagues.
Developmental programming of happiness
Authors: Schmidt Louis A. , Fortier Paz , Lahat Ayelet , Tang Alva , Mathewson Karen J. , Saigal Saroj , Boyle Michael H. , Van Lieshout Ryan J.
Published: May 2017

Being born at an extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1,000 grams) is presumed to reflect a suboptimal intrauterine environment and thus presents an opportunity for examining developmental programming hypotheses. Interfacing prenatal programming and differential susceptibility hypotheses, we tested whether individuals with ELBW in different childhood rearing environments showed different attention biases to positive and negative facial emotions in adulthood. Using the oldest known, prospectively followed cohort of ELBW survivors, we found that relative to normal birth weight controls (NBW; >2,500 grams), ELBW survivors displayed the highest and lowest attention bias to happy faces at age 30–35, depending on whether their total family income at age 8 was relatively low (environmental match) or high (environmental mismatch), respectively. This bias to happy faces was associated with a reduced likelihood of emotional problems. Findings suggest that differential susceptibility to positive emotions may be prenatally programmed, with effects lasting into adulthood. We discuss implications for integrating prenatal programming and differential susceptibility hypotheses, and the developmental origins of postnatal plasticity and resilience.
Reconsidering EU Compliance: Implementation performance in the field of environmental policy
Authors: Bondarouk Elena , Mastenbroek Ellen
Published: May 2017

European Union (EU) environmental policy can only work in practice when it is implemented by and within the member states. Yet, despite its importance, we still lack a solid and cumulative understanding of the practical implementation of EU environmental policies, mainly because of the dominance of case‐specific empirical insights and the dichotomous conceptualization of compliant implementation. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for analysing implementation performance, which is built around three dimensions: substance, scope and effort. The framework's relevance and analytical quality are substantiated by a systematic review of empirical studies on practical implementation of 18 EU environmental directives. We find evidence of three types of knowledge deficits: there is neglect of the ‘scope’ and ‘effort’ dimensions of implementation; disproportionate attention to the Water Framework Directive, and the Northern and Western European member states. The proposed conceptual framework aims to inform future research on EU environmental implementation. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Policy and Governance published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
CD69: from activation marker to metabolic gatekeeper
Authors: Cibrián Danay , Sánchez‐Madrid Francisco
Published: May 2017

CD69 is a membrane‐bound, type II C‐lectin receptor. It is a classical early marker of lymphocyte activation due to its rapid appearance on the surface of the plasma membrane after stimulation. CD69 is expressed by several subsets of tissue resident immune cells, including resident memory T (TRM) cells and gamma delta (γδ) T cells, and is therefore considered a marker of tissue retention. Recent evidence has revealed that CD69 regulates some specific functions of selected T‐cell subsets, determining the migration‐retention ratio as well as the acquisition of effector or regulatory phenotypes. Specifically, CD69 regulates the differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells as well as the secretion of IFN‐γ, IL‐17, and IL‐22. The identification of putative CD69 ligands, such as Galectin‐1 (Gal‐1), suggests that CD69‐induced signaling can be regulated not only during cognate contacts between T cells and antigen‐presenting cells in lymphoid organs, but also in the periphery, where cytokines and other metabolites control the final outcome of the immune response. Here, we will discuss new aspects of the molecular signaling mediated by CD69 and its involvement in the metabolic reprogramming regulating TH‐effector lineages.
Field‐Induced Slow Magnetic Relaxation in Mononuclear Tetracoordinate Cobalt(II) Complexes Containing a Neocuproine Ligand
Authors: Smolko Lukáš , Černák Juraj , Kuchár Juraj , Rajnák Cyril , Titiš Ján , Boča Roman
Published: May 2017

The mononuclear tetracoordinate [Co(dmphen)X2] (dmphen = 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline = neocuproine; X = Cl, Br, I) complexes were prepared by a solvothermal method. X‐ray diffraction experiments showed that they possess analogous molecular structures, even though the chlorido complex crystallizes in a different crystal system and space group. The crystal structures of the complexes are stabilized by π–π interactions. Alternating‐current (AC) susceptibility measurements show that the bromido and iodido complexes behave as field‐induced single‐molecule magnets with several slow relaxation channels, whereas the chlorido complex exhibits antiferromagnetic interactions and does not display slow relaxation of magnetization.
Synthesis of Angularly Fused Pyrrolo[3,2‐c]quinoline Lactones and 4‐Carboxy‐3‐vinyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinolin‐2‐ones from Morita–Baylis–Hillman Adducts with Labile Acrylate Esters as Michael Acceptors by [3+2] Cycloaddition and Hoffmann‐Type Elimination
Authors: Malini Kodi , Periyaraja Somasundharam , Shanmugam Ponnusamy
Published: May 2017

A number of highly functionalized Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) adducts have been synthesized from N‐methylisatin and aryl and heteroaryl aldehydes as electrophiles and the less well‐known propargyl, allyl, and tert‐butyl acrylates as labile, activated alkenes in excellent yields. The MBH adducts thus obtained underwent azomethine ylide [3+2] cycloaddition reactions to yield unusual ring‐enlarged, angularly fused pyrrolo[3,2‐c]quinoline lactones in excellent yields. Subsequent reaction of the quinolin‐2‐one lactones under Hoffman elimination conditions (BnBr/KOH) afforded a lactone ring‐opened 4‐carboxy‐3‐vinyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinolin‐2‐one. A plausible mechanism and discussion of the stereochemical aspects of the cycloaddition reaction are provided.
Hydrazone–Cu‐Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura‐Type Reactions of Dibromoalkenes with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Watanabe Kohei , Mino Takashi , Hatta Chikako , Ishikawa Eri , Yoshida Yasushi , Sakamoto Masami
Published: May 2017

We have found that Suzuki–Miyaura‐type reactions of dibromoalkenes with arylboronic acids using a hydrazone–Cu catalyst system proceeded smoothly under mild conditions to afford the corresponding internal alkyne derivatives in good yields. Furthermore, we also succeeded in the synthesis of o‐allyloxy(ethynyl)benzene derivatives, which are known to be effective precursors of various heterocyclic compounds, through this reaction.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of oxycodone‐naloxone prolonged‐release formulation (up to 180/90 mg daily) – results of the open‐label extension phase of a phase III multicenter, multiple‐dose, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Dupoiron D. , Stachowiak A. , Loewenstein O. , Ellery A. , Kremers W. , Bosse B. , Hopp M.
Published: May 2017

Background

The inclusion of naloxone with oxycodone in a fixed combination prolonged‐release formulation (OXN PR) improves bowel function compared with oxycodone (Oxy) alone without compromising analgesic efficacy. In a recent 5‐week, randomized, double‐blind comparative trial of OXN PR and OxyPR, it could be shown that the beneficial properties of OXN PR extend to doses up to 160/80 mg.

Methods

Bowel function, pain, quality of life (QoL) and safety of OXN PR up to 180/90 mg daily were evaluated in a 24‐week open‐label extension phase of the 5‐week randomized comparative study in patients with non‐malignant or malignant pain requiring opioids and suffering from opioid‐induced constipation.

Results

During treatment with a mean (SD) daily dose OXN PR of 130.7 (26.56) mg (median, maximum: 120 and 180 mg), the Bowel Function Index (BFI) decreased from 45.3 (26.37) to 26.7 (21.37) with the largest decrease seen in the first week. The average pain over the last 24 h remained stable (median Pain Intensity Scale score 4.0) and QoL was maintained throughout the study. Adverse events were consistent with the known effects of OXN PR and no new safety concerns emerged. Equivalent efficacy and safety benefits were observed in cancer patients.

Conclusions

The OXN PR in doses up to 180/90 mg provides effective analgesia with maintenance of bowel function during long‐term treatment. The beneficial effects of such dose levels of OXN PR contribute to stable patient‐reported QoL and health status despite serious underlying pain conditions, such as cancer.

Significance

In patients with pain requiring continuous opioid therapy at doses above 80 mg of oxycodone, stable and effective long‐term analgesia can be achieved using OXN PR up to 180/90 mg daily without compromising bowel function and may be preferential to supplemental oxycodone.
Children with chronic stress‐induced recurrent muscle pain have enhanced startle reaction
Authors: Alfvén G. , Grillner S. , Andersson E.
Published: May 2017

Background

Children with recurrent pain of negative chronic stress origin from different locations have a characteristic pattern of tender points in the temporal, trapezoid, great pectoral and abdominal muscles. We tested the hypothesis that the startle reaction is activated in these children and that some of the startle‐activated muscles are related to the tender point pattern and the recurrent pain.

Methods

In children/adolescents, aged 10–17 years, 19 with recurrent psychosomatic pain (PAIN) and 23 controls (CON) we measured and analysed resting activity and acoustic startle response with electromyography (EMG) for the muscles involved in the pattern of tender points and also the lumbar erector spinae.

Results

The PAIN group showed higher resting activity and higher acoustic startle response values than the CON group for all six muscles together regarding the mean amplitude in the initial 200 ms, and during the burst of activity, and longer burst duration and shorter burst latency. For PAIN versus CON, all separate muscles showed generally higher values of EMG amplitudes and burst durations, and shorter latencies for the burst onset in all measures; with significance or strong trends for several parameters and muscles.

Conclusion

For the first time in children with recurrent psychosomatic pain, increased resting activity and potentiated startle response were demonstrated in the muscles involved in the stress tender point pattern.

Significance

This study demonstrates in adolescents how recurrent pain of negative stress origin from the head, stomach, back and chest is related to increased startle reaction and increased muscular tension in these regions. This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the global burden of recurrent pain.
Short‐Term Treatment Outcomes and Dropout Risk in Men and Women with Eating Disorders
Authors: Agüera Zaida , Sánchez Isabel , Granero Roser , Riesco Nadine , Steward Trevor , Martín‐Romera Virginia , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Romero Xandra , Caroleo Mariarita , Segura‐García Cristina , Menchon José Manuel , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando
Published: May 2017

This study compared treatment outcomes between men and women with eating disorders (EDs) and analysed clinical predictors of treatment outcome. Our sample consisted of 131 male and 131 female ED patients who underwent cognitive behavioural therapy treatment. ED severity, personality and psychopathology were assessed using standard instruments. We found that the risk of dropout was higher for men with bulimia nervosa (BN) than for women with BN and that men with BN and other specified feeding and EDs were more likely to obtain full remission in comparison with their female counterparts. Predictive models of treatment outcome indicated that higher scores in novelty seeking were a shared factor associated with higher risk of dropout and not obtaining full remission for both men and women with ED. However, only in men, younger age and lower scores in reward dependence predicted higher dropout. Contrastingly, higher persistence scores were predictors of full remission. This study reinforces the effectiveness of using outpatient cognitive behavioural therapy as treatment as usual for men with ED. Nonetheless, placing greater emphasis on strategies targeting gender‐specific issues could enhance outcomes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Acute and chronic toxicity of aluminum to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and an amphipod (Hyalella azteca) in water-only exposures
Authors: Wang Ning , Ivey Chris D. , Brunson Eric L. , Cleveland Danielle , Ingersoll Chris G. , Stubblefield William A. , Cardwell Allison S.
Published: May 2017

The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is reviewing the protectiveness of the national ambient water quality criteria (WQC) for aluminum (Al) and compiling a toxicity data set to update the WQC. Freshwater mussels are one of the most imperiled groups of animals in the world, but little is known about their sensitivity to Al. The objective of the present study was to evaluate acute 96-h and chronic 28-d toxicity of Al to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and a commonly tested amphipod (Hyalella azteca) at a pH of 6 and water hardness of 100 mg/L as CaCO3. The acute 50% effect concentration (EC50) for survival of both species was >6200 μg total Al/L. The EC50 was greater than all acute values in the USEPA acute Al data set for freshwater species at a pH range of 5.0 to <6.5 and hardness normalized to 100 mg/L, indicating that the mussel and amphipod were insensitive to Al in acute exposures. The chronic 20% effect concentration (EC20) based on dry weight was 163 μg total Al/L for the mussel and 409 μg total Al/L for the amphipod. Addition of the EC20s to the USEPA chronic Al data set for pH 5.0 to <6.5 would rank the mussel (L. siliquoidea) as the fourth most sensitive species and the amphipod (H. azteca) as the fifth most sensitive species, indicating the 2 species were sensitive to Al in chronic exposures. The USEPA-proposed acute and chronic WQC for Al would adequately protect the mussel and amphipod tested; however, inclusion of the chronic data from the present study and recalculation of the chronic criterion would likely lower the proposed chronic criterion. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:61–69. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.