bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic management of 345 small rectal neuroendocrine tumours: A national study from the French group of endocrine tumours (GTE)
Authors: Fine Caroline , Roquin Guillaume , Terrebonne Eric , Lecomte Thierry , Coriat Romain , Do Cao Christine , de Mestier Louis , Coffin Elise , Cadiot Guillaume , Nicolli Patricia , Lepiliez Vincent , Hautefeuille Vincent , Ramos Jeanne , Girot Paul , Dominguez Sophie , Céphise Fritz-Line V , Forestier Julien , Hervieu Valérie , Pioche Mathieu , Walter Thomas
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Small rectal neuroendocrine tumours are good candidates for endoscopic resection provided that complete pathological resection (R0) is obtained and their risk of metastatic progression is low. We conducted a large multicentre nationwide study to evaluate the outcomes of the management of non‐metastatic rectal neuroendocrine tumours ≤2 cm diagnosed endoscopically.

Patients and methods

The medical records, the endoscopic and pathological findings of patients with non‐metastatic rectal neuroendocrine tumours ≤2 cm managed from January 2000–June 2018 in 16 French hospitals, were retrospectively analysed. The primary objective was to describe the proportion of R0 endoscopic resections.

Results

A total of 329 patients with 345 rectal neuroendocrine tumours were included, 330 (96%) tumours were managed by local treatments: 287 by endoscopy only and 43 by endoscopy followed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery. The final endoscopic R0 rate was 134/345 (39%), which improved from the first endoscopy (54/225, 24%), to the second (60/100, 60%) and the third endoscopy (20/26, 77%). R0 was associated with endoscopic technique (90% for advanced techniques, 40% for mucosectomy and 17% for polypectomy), but not with tumour or patient characteristics. Twenty patients had metastatic disease, which was associated with tumour size ≥10 mm (odds ratio: 9.1, 95% confidence interval (3.5–23.5)), tumour grade G2–G3 (odds ratio: 4.2, (1.5–11.7)), the presence of muscular (odds ratio: ∞, (11.9–∞)) and lymphovascular invasion (odds ratio: 57.2, (5.6–578.9)).

Conclusions

The resection of small rectal neuroendocrine tumours often requires multiple procedures. Training of endoscopists is necessary in order to better recognise these tumours and to perform the appropriate resection technique.
Net-Widening in Schools?: The Collateral Consequences of Safe School Expenditures for Suspension Rates
Authors: Hughes Cresean , Bailey Caroline M. , Warren Patricia Y. , Stewart Eric A.
Published: July 2019

Concerns about school safety are increasingly commonplace, especially considering the attention garnered by mass shootings and other instances of crime in schools. In response, billions of dollars in federal and state funding have been allocated to assist and support the safeguarding of the school environment and those within the school. However, it remains unclear whether safe school expenditures are consequential for school-related outcomes—specifically, school suspension rates. To fill this void, the current study uses multilevel Poisson and negative binomial regression to analyze school and school district data from the Florida Department of Education, the U.S. Census, the Uniform Crime Report, and the Florida Division of Elections. Findings suggest that safe school expenditures are associated with lower suspension rates for all students. However, the effect of expenditures on Black suspension rates indicates a curvilinear relationship. Safe school expenditures are associated with an initial reduction in the Black suspension rate to a certain threshold; however, once that threshold is met, continual increases in expenditures increase the likelihood of Black suspensions. Although safe school expenditures are associated with lower suspension rates for all students, additional increases in spending on school safety widen the social control net for Black students, thereby amplifying their likelihood of punishment.
Measuring Classroom Climate: A Validation Study of the My Child’s Classroom Inventory–Short Form for Parents
Authors: Mariani Melissa , Sink Christopher A. , Villares Elizabeth , Berger Carolyn
Published: July 2019

Researchers assessed reliability and validity information to determine the utility of the My Child’s Class Inventory–Short Form (MCCI-SF) using 657 parents/caregivers. A four-factor model was generated reflective of the following classroom dimensions: Peer Relations, Competitiveness, Difficulty, and Satisfaction. Using the MCCI-SF in conjunction with its companion instruments, the My Class Inventory–Short Form Revised and the My Class Inventory–Short Form for Teachers can provide school counselors with useful accountability data about their school counseling program.
The Relationship Between Job Roles and Gender on Principal–School Counselor Relationship Quality
Authors: Waalkes Phillip L. , DeCino Daniel A. , Haugen Jaimie Stickl , Dalbey Amanda
Published: July 2019

Principals have power to delegate job responsibilities to school counselors, and this may impact principal–school counselor relationship quality. In a study grounded in leader–member exchange theory, we surveyed 167 school counselors about the relationship between their job roles, gender, and years of experience and the quality of their principal–school counselor relationship. Results indicated that relationship quality was positively related to curriculum activity and consultation activity and negatively related to other activity and gender. We discuss implications for school counseling practice and research.
Towards a more-than-human political ecology of coastal protection: Coast Care practices in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Gesing Friederike
Published: July 2019

Coastal protection measures are intended to stabilize the boundaries of land and sea—and of private property. But structural engineering solutions, such as seawalls, have negative side-effects in terms of environmental and climate justice: they cause erosion of adjacent areas, they limit public access, and they can lead to the loss of sandy beaches. So-called “soft” coastal protection approaches promise more sustainable and just alternatives. The article explores the role of the more-than-human in such practices. Arguing that the popular framing of coastal protection as “working with nature” is a strategic naturalization, the paper aims to develop a more-than-human take on the political ecology of coastal protection. The empirical basis is built from ethnographic material on volunteer dune restoration by Coast Care groups in Aotearoa New Zealand. The analysis shows that the “multispecies agencies” ( Locke, 2013 ) at work in various practices associated with Coast Care include communities of plants and animals, human care work and artefacts, as well as abiotic elements such as sand, wind, water and concrete. The article argues that to foster political and practical engagements for more sustainable coastal naturecultures, these entanglements should be made explicit and accountable. A more-than-human political ecology approach to understand the promises of soft coastal protection therefore combines three analytic sensibilities. Firstly, it looks at the ontological politics and categorization practices that define and enact specific versions of coastal nature. Secondly, it focuses on the politics of care in multispecies worlds, including the abiotic. And thirdly, it takes into account the “ordinary politics” of contested coastal space, decision-making and planning.
Scleral fixation of a dexamethasone intravitreal implant in a case of subluxated bag–intraocular lens complex
Authors: Rangel Carlos M. , Moreno Nathalia J. , Parra M. Margarita
Published: July 2019

Macular edema is a condition of retinal tissue treated with anti-inflammatory agents including placement of an intravitreal sustained-release dexamethasone device, designed to deliver a controlled amount of the medication for a prolonged time, representing an excellent therapy. Nonetheless, the implantation cannot be carried out without an anatomical barrier, such as the presence of posterior capsular support, lens, or intraocular lens. The absence of these barriers could lead to several complications, due to migration of the device from the vitreous cavity to the anterior chamber, causing corneal endothelial damage, corneal edema, glaucoma, and uveitis, among others. In consequence, a large number of patients cannot be treated with this useful surgical tool, resulting in chronicity of macular edema and severe visual acuity impairment. Therefore, we modified the conventional technique, through scleral fixation of the device providing a continuous delivering of dexamethasone, avoiding its migration to the anterior chamber in a patient without capsular support.
Possible effects of a free, healthy school meal on overall meal frequency among 10–12-year-olds in Norway: the School Meal Project
Authors: Vik Frøydis N. , Næss Ida K. , Heslien Kaia E. P. , Øverby Nina C.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To evaluate possible effects of intake of a free, healthy school meal on overall meal frequency among 10–12-year-olds in Norway. This was evaluated using a quasi-experimental school-based intervention study assessing children’s meal frequency retrospectively using a questionnaire in two elementary schools in the southern part of Norway in 2014/15. Multiple logistic regression analyses with breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper as dependent variables were used.

Results

A total of 164 children at baseline; 55 children in the intervention group and 109 children in the control group were included. The serving of a free school meal every day for 1 year did not improve the overall meal frequency in the intervention group compared to the control group. However, children in the intervention group had a lower odds of eating breakfast during weekends compared to the control group in crude analyses [odds ratio (OR) = 0.28 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09–0.84)] and in adjusted analyses [adjusted for baseline values, gender and socio-economic status) (OR = 0.15 (95% CI 0.03–0.72)]. Studies including larger study samples and therefore more statistical power are needed to further investigate possible effects of school meals on meal frequency.

Trial registration ISRCTN61703361, Date of registration: December 3rd, 2018, Retrospectively registered
Realizing a Closed-Loop (Artificial Pancreas) System for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lal Rayhan A , Ekhlaspour Laya , Hood Korey , Buckingham Bruce
Published: July 2019

Recent, rapid changes in the treatment of type 1 diabetes have allowed for commercialization of an “artificial pancreas” that is better described as a closed-loop controller of insulin delivery. This review presents the current state of closed-loop control systems and expected future developments with a discussion of the human factor issues in allowing automation of glucose control. The goal of these systems is to minimize or prevent both short-term and long-term complications from diabetes and to decrease the daily burden of managing diabetes. The closed-loop systems are generally very effective and safe at night, have allowed for improved sleep, and have decreased the burden of diabetes management overnight. However, there are still significant barriers to achieving excellent daytime glucose control while simultaneously decreasing the burden of daytime diabetes management. These systems use a subcutaneous continuous glucose sensor, an algorithm that accounts for the current glucose and rate of change of the glucose, and the amount of insulin that has already been delivered to safely deliver insulin to control hyperglycemia, while minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia. The future challenge will be to allow for full closed-loop control with minimal burden on the patient during the day, alleviating meal announcements, carbohydrate counting, alerts, and maintenance. The human factors involved with interfacing with a closed-loop system and allowing the system to take control of diabetes management are significant. It is important to find a balance between enthusiasm and realistic expectations and experiences with the closed-loop system.
Mifepristone Increases Thyroid Hormone Requirements in Patients With Central Hypothyroidism: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Guarda Francisco J , Findling James , Yuen Kevin C J , Fleseriu Maria , Nachtigall Lisa B
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Mifepristone is a glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor blocker that can be used for patients with hyperglycemia and Cushing syndrome in whom surgery failed to achieve remission or who were ineligible for surgery. We report a case series of patients with Cushing disease (CD) and central hypothyroidism that presented with increased levothyroxine requirements during mifepristone therapy.

Methods

Retrospective longitudinal case series of patients with CD and central hypothyroidism treated with mifepristone in a retrospective database at four pituitary centers in the United States.

Results

Five patients with CD were found, all women, median age 50 (interquartile range 47 to 64.5). They received mifepristone because no adequate response or intolerance to other drugs was observed. Mifepristone initiation was associated with a decrease in free thyroxine levels, mandating a dose increase of a median 1.83 (1.71 to 3.5) times the initial dose of levothyroxine to achieve normal levels. Weight loss was seen in four of five patients, ranging from 3.2 to 42.6 kg in up to 54 months of follow-up.

Conclusions

Although the mechanism behind the decrease in thyroid hormone level is unknown, intestinal malabsorption, decreased residual thyroid function and increased inactivation of T4 via deiodinases are all potential causes. Whereas therapies for hypercortisolism aim to decrease features of hypercortisolemia such as weight gain and depression, hypothyroidism can hamper these goals. This case series raises awareness on the importance of assessment of thyroid status in patients receiving mifepristone to optimize clinical outcomes.
The Prrx1 limb enhancer marks an adult subpopulation of injury-responsive dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Currie Joshua D. , Grosser Lidia , Murawala Prayag , Schuez Maritta , Michel Martin , Tanaka Elly M. , Sandoval-Guzmán Tatiana
Published: July 2019

The heterogeneous properties of dermal cell populations have been posited to contribute toward fibrotic, imperfect wound healing in mammals. Here we characterize an adult population of dermal fibroblasts that maintain an active Prrx1 enhancer which originally marked mesenchymal limb progenitors. In contrast to their abundance in limb development, postnatal Prrx1 enhancer-positive cells (Prrx1enh+) make up a small subset of adult dermal cells (∼0.2%) and reside mainly within dermal perivascular and hair follicle niches. Lineage tracing of adult Prrx1enh+ cells shows that they remain in their niches and in small number over a long period of time. Upon injury however, Prrx1enh+ cells readily migrate into the wound bed and amplify on average 16-fold beyond their uninjured numbers. Additionally, following wounding dermal Prrx1enh+ cells are found out of their dermal niches and contribute to subcutaneous tissue. Postnatal Prrx1enh+ cells are uniquely injury-responsive despite being a meager minority in the adult skin.
Deterioration of mitochondrial bioenergetics and ultrastructure impairment in skeletal muscle of a transgenic minipig model in the early stages of Huntington's disease
Authors: Rodinova Marie , Krizova Jana , Stufkova Hana , Bohuslavova Bozena , Askeland Georgina , Dosoudilova Zaneta , Juhas Stefan , Juhasova Jana , Ellederova Zdenka , Zeman Jiri , Eide Lars , Motlik Jan , Hansikova Hana
Published: July 2019

Skeletal muscle wasting and atrophy is one of the more severe clinical impairments resulting from the progression of Huntington's disease (HD). Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a significant role in the etiology of HD, but the specific condition of mitochondria in muscle has not been widely studied during the development of HD. To determine the role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle during the early stages of HD, we analyzed quadriceps femoris muscle from 24-, 36-, 48- and 66-month-old transgenic minipigs that expressed the N-terminal portion of mutated human huntingtin protein (TgHD) and age-matched wild-type (WT) siblings. We found altered ultrastructure of TgHD muscle tissue and mitochondria. There was also significant reduction of activity of citrate synthase and respiratory chain complexes (RCCs) I, II and IV, decreased quantity of oligomycin-sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP) and the E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHE2), and differential expression of optic atrophy 1 protein (OPA1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) in the skeletal muscle of TgHD minipigs. Statistical analysis identified several parameters that were dependent only on HD status and could therefore be used as potential biomarkers of disease progression. In particular, the reduction of biomarker RCCII subunit SDH30 quantity suggests that similar pathogenic mechanisms underlie disease progression in TgHD minipigs and HD patients. The perturbed biochemical phenotype was detectable in TgHD minipigs prior to the development of ultrastructural changes and locomotor impairment, which become evident at the age of 48 months. Mitochondrial disturbances may contribute to energetic depression in skeletal muscle in HD, which is in concordance with the mobility problems observed in this model.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Contribution of the Achilles tendon to force potentiation in stretch-shortening cycle
Authors: Fukutani Atsuki , Sawatsky Andrew , Leonard Timothy , Herzog Walter
Published: July 2019

Muscle force during concentric contractions is potentiated by a preceding eccentric contraction; a phenomenon known as the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) effect. Tendon elongation is often considered to be the primary factor for this force potentiation. However, direct examination of the influence of tendon elongation on the SSC effect has not been made. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of tendon elongation to the SSC effect by comparing the magnitude of the SSC effect in the rat soleus with and without the Achilles tendon. The rat soleus was subjected to concentric contractions without pre-activation (CON), and concentric contractions with an eccentric pre-activation (ECC). For the condition “with” an Achilles tendon, the calcaneus was rigidly fixed to a force transducer, while for the “without” tendon condition, the soleus was fixed at the muscle-tendon junction. The SSC effect was calculated as the ratio of the mechanical work done during the concentric phase for the ECC and the CON conditions. Substantial, and similar (P=0.167) SSC effects were identified for the “with” tendon (318±86%) and the “without” tendon conditions (271±70%). The contribution of tendon elongation to the SSC effect was negligible for the rat soleus. Other factors, such as pre-activation and residual force enhancement, may cause the large SSC effects and need to be evaluated.
Overexpression of PGE2 synthase by in vivo transient expression enhances immunocompetency along with fitness cost in a lepidopteran insect
Authors: Ahmed Shabbir , Hasan Md Ariful , Kim Yonggyun
Published: July 2019

Prostaglandins (PGs) mediate various physiological functions in insects. Especially, PGE2 is known to mediate immunity and egg-laying behavior in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. A PGE2 synthase 2 (Se-PGES2) has been identified to catalyze the final step to produce PGE2 in S. exigua. Its expression is inducible in response to immune challenge. Inhibition of the gene expression results in immunosuppression. On the other hand, any physiological alteration induced by its uncontrolled overexpression was not recognized in insects. This study used in vivo transient expression (IVTE) technique to induce overexpression and assessed subsequent physiological alteration in S. exigua. Se-PGES2 was cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector and transfected to Sf9 cells to monitor its heterologous expression. The Sf9 cells expressed the recombinant Se-PGES2 (rSe-PGES2) at an expected size (∼47 kDa), which was localized in cytoplasm. The recombinant expression vector was then used to transfect larvae of S. exigua. Hemocytes collected from the larvae treated with IVTE expressed rSe-PGES2 gene for at least 48 h. The larvae treated with IVTE exhibited an enhanced competency in cellular immune response measured by hemocyte nodule formation. In addition, IVTE treatment of Se-PGES2 induced gene expression of antimicrobial peptides without any immune challenge. The larvae treated with IVTE became significantly resistant to infection of an entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema monticolum or to infection to its symbiotic bacterium, Xenorhabdus hominickii. However, IVTE-treated S. exigua larvae suffered from reduced pupal size and fecundity.
Tumor lysis syndrome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia at tertiary care center
Authors: Memon Bilquis Naeem , Moorani Khemchand N , Anjum Misbah , Imam Uzma
Published: July 2019

Objectives: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is common complication of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It is characterized by presence of two or more of hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. TLS may cause acute kidney injury (AKI), arrhythmias and seizures. Our objective was to determine the frequency of TLS and its biochemical abnormalities in children with ALL.

Methods: A retrospective study on 91 children, aged 2-13 years with ALL was carried out in Nephrology and Oncology departments of National Institute of Child Health, Karachi from January 2016 to December 2017. Patients already received chemotherapy were excluded. Data including risk categories, immunophenotyping, laboratory parameters like complete blood picture, serum creatinine (SCr), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and uric acid (UA) on day 0,3 and7 after chemotherapy were collected. Data analyzed on SPSS using descriptive statistics. Independent t- test was applied to compare means and P- value<0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: Ninety-one children with mean age of 6.39±3.08 years were studied. Male were 57% and 43% female. High risk ALL were 61.5%. Pre –BALL were 82.4% and 17.5% had T-cell ALL. All patients had anemia (hemoglobin7.69±2.66 g/dl) and thrombocytopenia (43.61± 18.6 x109) where as hyperleukocytosis and blast cells were observed in 20.87% and 73.6% respectively. Comparing the biochemical parameters of ALL, the difference in SCr from D0 vs D3 (0.46±0.16 vs0.54± 0.35 and D7, 0.44±0.22) was significant (p=0.001). Similarly, difference in UA (D0, 4.12±2.40 vs D3, 3.82±1.73 and D7, 3.56±1.42), SP (D0, 4.24±1.34 vs D3, 4.61±1.76 and D7,4.13±1.07mg/dl)and for K (p=0.038) was significant. There was no difference in Ca from D0 vs D3 (0.092) and D7 (0.277). TLS was found in 62.6% children, it was chemotherapy induced in 72% and spontaneous in 28%. Clinical-TLS was observed in 14% and all CTLS had AKI. Hyperuricemia and hyperphosphatemia were the most common biochemical abnormalities in laboratory-TLS and CTLS.

Conclusion: TLS was found in 62.6% despite preventive measures. Early recognition and treatment is essential to avoid morbidity and mortality.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.715

How to cite this:Naeem B, Moorani KN, Anjum M, Imam U. Tumor lysis syndrome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia at tertiary care center. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):899-904. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.715

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case Report: Rare presentation of De Garengeot Hernia
Authors: Crawley-Smith Tom
Published: July 2019

The presentation of an incarcerated appendix within a femoral hernia accounts for 0.5-3.3% of all femoral hernias. It is rarely apparent diagnostically prior to surgery. A 48-year-old female had a delayed presentation with a 3-day history of an irreducible right inguinal swelling. Imaging failed to elucidate an incarcerated appendix, which was found at operation. The patient made a full recovery. The rarity and presentation of this condition is discussed. On literature review it typically is not suspected at operation due to its rarity and the difficulty of interpreting it on examination and imaging.
Biogenetic study of the emissions of species: Pinus radiata, Eucalyptus globulus Labill and Alnus acuminata in Riobamba canton, Ecuador
Authors: Mendoza Benito , Cruz Marco , Carrera Lucero , Jimenez Mauro , Caicedo Juan , Osorio Miguel , Santillán Luis , Arias Fabian
Published: July 2019

Background: Air pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world, and it is generated by industrial production, vehicular flow and use of fossil fuels, leaving aside other important emission sources such as vegetation. The aim of this research is to quantify the emissions of natural volatile organic compounds produced by the forest species: Eucalyptus globulus L., Pinus radiata and Alnus acuminata in Riobamba, Ecuador.

Methods: Identification of plant coverings in the years 2014 and 2017was performed using geographic information systems tools, complemented with the application of the Guenther model for the calculation of monoterpenes and other organic volatile compounds; thus, to analyze the relationship between meteorological variables and concentrations of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen dioxide per species.

Results: Mathematical calculation of emissions in Riobamba showed that Eucalyptus globulus L. registered higher emissions in the years 2014-2017, followed by Pinus radiata and Alnus acuminata. These emissions are due to the vegetation cover covering each species. The analysis of volatile organic compounds in forest plantations in air is directly related to the emissions represented in the environment and correlated with the meteorological variables of temperature, global solar radiation and wind velocity. The proposed method manages to estimate concentrations of monoterpenes and volatile organic compounds for the two examined seasons, presenting the influence of the species introduced in this study such as Eucalyptus globulus L. and Pinus radiata, with a reduction in their emissions (less area found in the year 2017, with respect to 2014). However, the emission of Alnus acuminata can be quantified only in 2017, since in 2014 no records of this species were found.

Conclusions: Volatile organic compound concentrations in the air are directly related to the emissions represented spatially and correlated with the meteorological variables of temperature, global solar radiation and wind velocity.
Community Inclusion in PrEP Demonstration Projects: Lessons for Scaling Up
Authors: Reza-Paul Sushena , Lazarus Lisa , Jana Smarajit , Ray Protim , Mugo Nelly , Ngure Kenneth , Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Durueke Florita , Idoko John , Béhanzin Luc , Alary Michel , Gueye Daouda , Sarr Moussa , Mukoma Wanjiru , Kyongo Jordan K. , Bothma Rutendo , Eakle Robyn , Dallabetta Gina , Presley Josie , Lorway Robert
Published: July 2019

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has emerged as a new HIV prevention strategy. A series of demonstration projects were conducted to explore the use of PrEP outside of clinical trial settings. Learning from the failures in community consultation and involvement in early oral tenofovir trials, these PrEP projects attempted to better engage communities and create spaces for community involvement in the planning and roll out of these projects. We briefly describe the community engagement strategies employed by seven Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-funded PrEP demonstration projects and the lessons these projects offer for community engagement in PrEP implementation.
Contentious Issues in Surrogacy: Legal and Ethical Perspectives in India
Authors: Challa Kaumudhi
Published: July 2019

In the past few decades, the problem of infertility among

married couples has been on the rise. The advancements

in medical science particularly in the field of artificial human reproductive technologies (ART) has benefited childless couples and provided them with various options to beget a genetically related child. Among all the options

available in ART, surrogacy is becoming very popular in India. This method of human reproduction raises conflicting human rights issues such as renting of womb, selection of surrogate, welfare and safety of child, commercialisation of reproduction, paternity and custody issues. Hence it is very essential to identify the various contentious issues involved in surrogacy and examine the

adequacy of existing legal framework in India for the regulation of practices of surrogacy. Accordingly this paper examines the contentious issues raised by the practice of surrogacy. Further it attempts to provide some practical solution for resolving those issues.
Docket Control in the Apex Court Exercising Constitutional Review
Authors: Kumar B Muthu
Published: July 2019

Globally, there was a dramatic and disproportionate increase in caseloads in the second half of the twentieth century due to the expansion of human rights jurisprudence and legal awareness among citizens. This in turn, affected the quality of justice in the Apex Court of every country involved in the process of constitutional review. It was found that there cannot be any generalization in designing a Constitutional Court and it all depended on the constitutional and legal history of that particular nation. In many countries, the legislature and executive brought timely reforms to keep the Apex Court free from backlogs, but some countries, even today, are reeling under the pressure of unresolved cases. India is one among them and of late, the discussion about the National Court of Appeal (NCA) as a solution to this problem has gained momentum. This paper analyses the feasibility of establishing the NCA, along with measures that can be adopted by India, in tackling the mounting arrears of cases in Courts, following the American model of review such as U.S., Canada, Japan, and Brazil.
Victims of Involuntary Disappearance: An Overview of International Law
Authors: Arfat Shabina , Banday Beauty
Published: July 2019

Victims of involuntary disappearance suffer from

physical/mental injury, emotional suffering, economic

loss resulting in substantial impairment of fundamental

rights, through acts or omissions that constitute gross

violations of international human rights law, or

humanitarian law. It also reveals that even the rights of

immediate family of a victim of involuntary

disappearance are violated. Unlike olden times, the rights

of the sufferers of involuntary disappearance are now

well protected under various international instruments.

This paper throws light on acts of involuntary

disappearance, as one of the worst case of violation of

human rights.
Examining the Lacunae in the International Aviation Regime in the Context of the MH 17 Incident
Authors: Jaideep Kodali
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the researcher examines the liability regime that governs the international aircraft carriers in the context of the recent Malaysian plane (MH 17) crash. The researcher analyses the efficacy of the Warsaw and Montreal Convention frameworks in affixing liability on the state parties. The international aviation regime as regulated by the ICAO and its inability to confirm legal responsibility is also dealt with in reference to the previous incidents of air crash. The paper concludes on a note that the international aviation regime is not adequately equipped to deal with questions of state responsibility for acts of unlawful interference with international civil aviation regime.
Prisoners’ Conjugal Visitation Rights in India: Changing Perspectives
Authors: Anamika Singh , Anupal Dasgupta
Published: July 2019

Right of conjugal visitation remains an old debate which has resurged recently with the Jasvir Singh decision of the Punjab and Haryana High Court. The international community is divided over the boons and banes of such a benefit being extended to convicts. Some construe it as a privilege; the recent trends argue that the same is an extension of our basic human rights, constitutionally enshrined as being inherently ‘fundamental’ and hence sacrosanct. With the modern penal systems across the globe embracing the Reformative Theory of punishment, the idea that a criminal is a product of the social, economic and environmental conditions is increasingly gaining acceptance. By that logic, a better way to humanize the social ecology within the four walls of the prison and to reform that individual is by allowing conjugal visitation. The article is primarily a stakeholder analysis of the problem, the key stakeholders being the prisoner, his/her spouse, the correctional department and the society. It will further discuss the possible benefits and the setbacks of conjugal visitation, the varied international stance and India’s take on the issue in light of the Jasvir Singh judgement. Finally, a determination will be attempted as to whether such a correctional provision is a right arising out of a broad interpretation of Article 21 of our Constitution.
Coexistence of the features of perfectionism and anorexia readiness in school youth
Authors: Świerczyńska Justyna
Published: July 2019

Cel pracy

Celem przeprowadzonych badań była próba określenia struktury i nasilenia perfekcjonizmu wśród młodzieży gimnazjalnej, które mogą znacząco wpływać na wystąpienie Syndromu Gotowości Anorektycznej (SGA).

Metoda

Badania empiryczne przeprowadzono za pomocą Skali do Badania Indywidualnego Stosunku do Jedzenia autorstwa Ziółkowskiej (2001) i Wielowymiarowego Kwestionariusza do Badania Perfekcjonizmu autorstwa Frosta i in. (1990).

Wyniki

1. Wysoki poziom gotowości anorektycznej współwystępuje z wysoką krytyką rodziców i wysokimi oczekiwaniami rodziców.
2. Wysoki poziom gotowości anorektycznej współwystępuje z nadmierną koncentracją na własnych błędach i z wątpliwościami w działaniu.
3. Spostrzeganie własnej atrakcyjności współwystępuje z nadmierną koncentracją na własnych błędach i nadmierną krytyką ze strony rodziców.
4. Im wyższa tendencja do zbijania wagi tym wyższa koncentracja na własnych błędach i wątpliwości w działaniu.
5. Osoby o wysokim poziomie gotowości anorektycznej w porównaniu z osobami o niskiej gotowości anorektycznej mają wyższą koncentrację na błędach i wyższe standardy osobiste.

Wnioski

W badaniach grupa z podwyższonym poziomem zachowań predysponujących do powstania zaburzeń jedzenia stanowiła 25,2%. Uczniowie z wysokim poziomem gotowości anorektycznej znacznie dotkliwiej odczuwają presję związaną z wymaganiami, oczekiwaniami i krytyką ze strony rodziców niż ich koledzy z niskim poziomem zachowań anorektycznych. Stała presja w kierunku wysokich osiągnięć powoduje frustrację i brak poczucia spełnienia. W konsekwencji może zrodzić się obawa przed porażką i krytyką, co prowadzi do unikania nowych wyzwań.
A planning of sustainable development and 2018 Winter Olympic Games
Authors: Białkowski Cezary
Published: July 2019

A postulated dynamic of the economic growth does not guarantee a protect natural environment in the level satisfed for next generations. It should  minimalise a implementation of sustainable development. The aim of this paper is a presentation of a sustainable development planning propose. In the text it is compared the sustainable development planning concept with a solution prepared by an organizing committee of Winter Olympic Games 2018. To describe this issue it used a document analyse method. Organizers of PyeongChang 2018 created very similar propose to the presented concept, which was documented by much examples of the implementation of sustainable development rules. It used mainly environmental and strategic management tools.
Trimmed Statistical Estimation via Variance Reduction
Authors: Aravkin Aleksandr , Davis Damek
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we show how to transform any optimization problem that arises from fitting a machine learning model into one that (1) detects and removes contaminated data from the training set while (2) simultaneously fitting the trimmed model on the uncontaminated data that remains. To solve the resulting nonconvex optimization problem, we introduce a fast stochastic proximal-gradient algorithm that incorporates prior knowledge through nonsmooth regularization. For data sets of size n, our approach requires O(n2/3/ℇ) gradient evaluations to reach ℇ-accuracy, and when a certain error bound holds, the complexity improves to O(κn2/3 log(1/ℇ)), where κ is a “condition number.” These rates are n1/3 times better than those achieved by typical, nonstochastic methods.
Distributionally Robust Optimization with Infinitely Constrained Ambiguity Sets
Authors: Chen Zhi , Sim Melvyn , Xu Huan
Published: July 2019

Distributionally robust optimization has grown into one of the most popular approaches in addressing optimization under uncertainty. As its key ingredient, the ambiguity set specifies several types of distributional information about the ambiguous true distribution. In “Distributionally Robust Optimization with Infinitely Constrained Ambiguity Sets,” Z. Chen, M. Sim, and H. Xu contribute to the existing ambiguity sets in the literature, by proposing a new class of ambiguity sets that encompasses a potentially infinite number of expectation constraints. This class has the benefits of, among other things, a tighter approximation of stochastic independence that is ubiquitous in characterizing uncertainty. The authors propose an algorithm involving a greedy improvement procedure to solve the corresponding distributionally robust optimization problem. In their computational study, the authors are able to obtain significantly improved solutions using this algorithm.
Technical Note—Assortment Optimization with Small Consideration Sets
Authors: Feldman Jacob , Paul Alice , Topaloglu Huseyin
Published: July 2019

In the paper “Assortment Optimization with Consideration Sets,” we study a customer choice model that captures purchasing behavior when there is a limit on the number of times that a customer will consider purchasing. Under this model, we assume each customer is characterized by a ranked preference list of products and, upon arrival, will purchase the highest ranking offered product. Because we restrict ourselves to settings in which customers consider a limited number of products, we assume that these rankings contain at most k products. We call this model the k-product nonparametric choice model. We focus on the assortment-optimization problem under this choice model. In this problem, the retailer wants to find the revenue-maximizing set of products to offer when the buying process of each customer is governed by the k-product nonparametric choice model. We develop a linear programming–based randomized rounding algorithm that gives the best known approximation guarantee.
Hepatitis E: a largely underestimated, emerging threat
Authors: Wallace SJ , Crossan C , Hussaini SH , Dalton HR
Published: July 2019

Hepatitis E virus has two distinct clinical and epidemiological patterns based on the varying genotypes. Genotypes 3 and 4 cause widespread, sporadic infection in high-income countries and are emerging as the most common type of viral hepatitis in much of Europe. These infections carry significant morbidity and mortality in the growing numbers of immunosuppressed patients or in patients with established liver disease. Furthermore the growing extra-hepatic associations of the virus, including neurological and kidney injury, suggest that it may have been misnamed as a ‘hepatitis’ virus. This review explores current understanding of the epidemiology, virology and clinical presentations of hepatitis E infection and identifies vulnerable patient groups, who are at serious risk from infection. Guidance is offered regarding the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this growing public health hazard.
The Effectiveness of STEM-Based on Gender Differences: The Impact of Physics Concept Understanding
Authors: Sagala Rumadani , Umam Rofiqul , Thahir Andi , Saregar Antomi , Wardani Indah
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to describe the effectiveness of STEM on the physics concepts understanding seen from gender differences. The research method used is a type of quasi-experimental design with 2x2 factorial design and saturated sampling technique. The data collecting technique used a tested method to see the results of students’ concept understanding. Hypothesis testing was done using two-way ANOVA 2 x 2 factorial designs. The results of the study are: (1) there are differences in STEM and conventional learning on concepts understanding and the use of STEM learning is more effective than the conventional one; (2) there are differences in the results of understanding the concept between male and female students where male students are higher than female students; and, (3) there is no interaction between learning and gender towards concepts understanding. The research recommends designing the STEM-integrated ESciT learning to be relevant with the indicator measurements and to manage the learning effectively to obtain optimum learning outcome.
Reflections of Fears of Children to Drawings
Authors: Talu Ertugrul
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the fears of children who are 6-10 years old via drawings. In this study, phenomenology research design which is among qualitative research methods was used. The study group of the study consisted of 314 children aged between 6 and 10 years in three primary schools in Kirsehir city center in 2017-2018 academic year. The data obtained from the participants were analyzed by using the content analysis method. As a result of the research, the drawings were collected under 6 categories according to their similar characteristics .When the drawings obtained from the children were classified, it was seen that the most fear is related to the category of animals, while the least fear is related to the drawings of the category of fears related to medical. In addition, children preferred to use black, red, blue, yellow and green colors in their fear themed drawings.
Rhodamine-Triazole Functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 Nanoparticles as Fluorescent Sensors for Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Wechakorn Kanokorn , Chanpanich Pairsunan , Kamkalong Pimfa , Anantachisilp Suranan
Published: July 2019

Rhodamine-triazole sensor functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were developed for the detection of heavy metal ions, namely Cu2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, Co2+, Fe3+, and Pb2+. Rhodamine conjugated with a triazole moiety (RBT) was utilized as the metal ion binding site. The RBT-Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were fully characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEM and TEM techniques. Additionally, RBT-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles can be separated from the aqueous phase by application of an external magnet, leading to clear naked-eye observation of the color changes and fluorescence enhancement. From UV-Vis absorption spectra, aqueous solutions of RBT-Fe3O4@SiO2 in the presence of heavy metal ions show an absorption peak at 554 nm. Fluorescence titration experiments reveal that the intensity of the fluorescence emission band at 574 nm is linearly dependent on Cu2+ concentration, over a 100-800 µM range. Furthermore, complexation of Cu2+ by RBT-Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles can induce ring-opening of the rhodamine spirolactam ring followed by hydrolysis, confirmed by mass spectrometry.
Data on the Corrosion Resistance and Polarization Behaviour of Lean Austenitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels in Neutral Chloride Media
Authors: Loto Roland Tolulope
Published: July 2019

Stainless steels are extensively applied in diverse industries due to their exceptional corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of alloy stainless steels (316L austenitic and 430Ti ferritic stainless steel) was studied in neutral chloride solutions with chloride concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%. Their general and localized corrosion resistance were compared and discussed in addition to their passivation characteristics. Corrosion rate results obtained showed 430Ti exhibited slightly greater general resistance to chloride attack compared to 316L. Further investigation showed 316L steel exhibited higher resistance to localized corrosion attack to its resilient passive film. 430Ti exhibited cathodic and anodic passivation compared to 316L which only exhibited anodic passivation. Optical microscopic analysis showed the presence of small, superficial corrosion pits on 316L steel compared to 430Ti, which exhibited deep corrosion pits.
Sequence analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of Sarcoptes scabiei isolated from goats and rabbits in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Rohman Ali , Handiyatno Didik , Chrismanto Dony , Desiandura Kurnia
Published: July 2019

Aim: This study aimed to sequence the Cytochrome c oxidase (COX-1) gene sequence from mitochondrial DNA of Sarcoptes scabiei isolated from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits, align it with DNA isolated from Zi'gong rabbit (GenBank accession No. EU256389.1), and produce a phylogenetic analysis of S. scabiei COX-1 gene.

Materials and Methods: S. scabiei mites were obtained from goats and rabbits, and DNA was extracted using QIAamp DNA Mini Kit. The forward and reverse primer sequences were designed based on the DNA sequence of an S. scabiei COX-1 gene isolated from the Zi'gong rabbit (5'-TCTTAGGGGCTGGATTTAGTATG-3' and 5'-AGTTCCTCTACCAGTTCCAC-3', respectively). To confirm sequencing output, the sequence resulting from the reverse primer was inverted and aligned to the sequence from the forward primer using Clone Manager Professional Version 9 for Windows (Scientific & Educational Software; http://www.scied.com). This alignment was subsequently used to build a phylogenetic tree, using the Neighbor- Joining method, in the MEGA6 program (https://www.megasoftware.net/).

Results: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from S. scabiei isolates from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits produced bands of around 290 bp with 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Comparing the DNA sequences of the S. scabiei COX-1 gene with those isolated from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits showed 99% homology.

Conclusion: PCR products of the S. scabiei COX-1 gene isolated from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits were around 290 bp long. The sequences had more than 99% homology. The sequences of the COX-1 gene of S. scabiei from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits were relatively close to the sequence of the gene in S. scabiei obtained from various hosts according to National Center for Biotechnology Information data.