bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Analysis of Hydrogen Enrichment in Waste Plastic Oil Blends for Dual-Fuel Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engines
Authors: Anand Tushar , Debbarma Sumita
Published: October 2023

Growing global concerns about fossil fuels highlight the importance of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Proper management of plastic waste is crucial due to its environmental impact. The pyrolysis oil process offers a sustainable solution to address plastic waste accumulation. This study explores the impact of a hydrogen-waste plastic oil blend on a modern diesel engine. The research delves into plastic oil and diesel blends at 10%, 20%, and 30% concentrations, with hydrogen provided at 8 L/min. Experiments are conducted at various loads, and hydrogen-enriched fuel blends are analyzed for combustion characteristics, performance parameters, and emissions. Higher blended fuel ratios lead to extended ignition delays, decreased thermal efficiency, and increased emissions. Hydrogen enrichment reduces carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide emissions but raises nitrogen oxide emissions due to higher exhaust gas temperatures. The comparative analysis shows significant improvements in brake thermal efficiency and brake-specific fuel consumption under full load conditions. The blend demonstrates notable reductions in hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide emissions but an increase in nitrogen oxide emissions compared to diesel. The findings indicate that integrating hydrogen into diesel engines enhances performance measures and reduces overall emissions.
Design, Performance Analysis, and Experiments of a Soft Robot for Rescue
Authors: Wen Tao , Hu Junfeng , Zhang Jun , Li Xian , Kang Sheng , Zhang Ning
Published: October 2023

In the narrow and irregular environment of the ruins, the existing rescue robots are struggling to achieve their performance. Inspired by the process of termite predation by giant anteaters, we propose a soft rescue robot that utilizes motion propulsion similar to gear meshing and the adaptability of a continuum manipulator. The robot, consisting of a soft continuum manipulator and driving equipment, has the characteristics of fast propulsion and adaptation to unstructured environments. The driving device can give the manipulator a maximum speed of 14.67 cm/s and a propulsive force of 19.20 N. With the flexibility of the soft robot, the soft manipulator can adapt to the environment under propulsion to pass obstacles. The experiments of self-adaptability performance tests under different conditions show that the robot can pass over obstacles with an angle of up to 80.57 deg between its axis and the contact surface. In the actual ruin experiment, the robot could penetrate 1.3 m deep in the narrow passage formed by the bricks with the mode. The experiment indicates the presented rescue robot design's feasibility. Our work could contribute to the research on the interaction of soft robots with their environment.
Mineral Composition Effects on Dust Deposition at Realistic Engine Conditions
Authors: Wendel Nathanael J. , Subasic Noah P. , Mizer Andrew E. , Bons Jeffrey P.
Published: October 2023

In this article, the role of mineral composition was assessed for Air Force Research Laboratory Test Dust (AFRL), for deposition in a realistic gas turbine engine environment. Experiments were performed on an effusion cooling test article with a coolant flow temperature of 894 K and surface temperature of 1144 K. Aerosolized dust with a 0–10 µm particle size distribution was delivered to the test article. The mineral recipe of AFRL was altered such that the presence of each of the five components ranged from 0% to 100%, and capture efficiency, hole capture efficiency, blockage per gram, and normalized deposit height were reported. Results are compared to a previous study of the intermineral synergies in an impingement cooling jet at the same temperature conditions. Despite differences in experimental facility flow geometry, overall agreement was found between the trends in the deposition behavior of the dust blends. The strong deposition effects that were observed were shown to be related to adhesion forces of particles, mechanical properties, and chemical properties of the dust minerals. Supplemental testing was performed in a high-temperature (1425–1650 K) impinging jet (200–260 m/s) to evaluate mineral effects at hot gas path conditions. Capture efficiency and morphology of dust deposits are reported. The capture efficiency in this regime was shown to correlate well with temperature, with chemical effects being secondary. An attempt was made to predict capture efficiency using chemical assessments such as a ratio of bases to acids, Ca:Si ratio, and optical basicity with only modest success.
Thermal and Electrical Analysis of N-PVT-FPC Hybrid Active Heating of Biogas Plant
Authors: Tiwari G. N. , Singh Rohit Kumar , Sinha Akhoury Sudhir Kumar
Published: October 2023

In order to increase biogas production during winter months/cold climatic conditions, a self-sustained N-photovoltaic thermal and flat plate collector (PVT-FPC) hybrid active heating biogas plant has been analyzed in terms of thermal energy and electrical energy. A general analytical expression for thermal and electrical energy of the biogas plant has been derived as a function of climatic and design parameters from one order coupled differential equations. Various photovoltaic thermal and flat plate collector (N-PVT-FPC) configurations have been considered for optimizing maximum electrical and thermal energy gain for a given total number of N-PVT-FPC collectors. Based on mathematical computation for Indian cold climatic conditions, it has been found that the N-PVT-FPC combination is always better than the flat plate collector-photovoltaic thermal (N-FPC-PVT) collector for maximum electrical and thermal energy. Overall exergy analysis of hybrid active heating of biogas plants has also been carried out.
Insulin-mediated endothelin signaling is antiviral during West Nile virus infection
Authors: Trammell Chasity E. , Rowe Evelyn H. , Char Aditya B. , Jones Brianne J. , Fawcett Stephen , Ahlers Laura R. H. , Goodman Alan G.
Published: October 2023

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most prevalent mosquito-borne virus in the United States with approximately 2,000 cases each year. There are currently no approved human vaccines and a lack of prophylactic and therapeutic treatments. Understanding host responses to infection may reveal potential intervention targets to reduce virus replication and disease progression. The use of
Drosophila melanogaster
as a model organism to understand innate immunity and host antiviral responses is well-established. Previous studies revealed that insulin-mediated signaling regulates WNV infection in invertebrates by regulating canonical antiviral pathways. Because insulin signaling is well-conserved across insect and mammalian species, we sought to determine if results using
D. melanogaster
can be extrapolated for the analysis of orthologous pathways in humans. Here, we identify insulin-mediated endothelin signaling using the
D. melanogaster
model and evaluate an orthologous pathway in human cells during WNV infection. We demonstrate that endothelin signaling reduces WNV replication through the activation of canonical antiviral signaling. Taken together, our findings show that endothelin-mediated antiviral immunity is broadly conserved across species and reduces replication of viruses that can cause severe human disease.

IMPORTANCE

Arboviruses, particularly those transmitted by mosquitoes, pose a significant threat to humans and are an increasing concern because of climate change, human activity, and expanding vector-competent populations. West Nile virus is of significant concern as the most frequent mosquito-borne disease transmitted annually within the continental United States. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterized signaling pathway that impacts West Nile virus infection, namely endothelin signaling. Additionally, we demonstrate that we can successfully translate results obtained from
D. melanogaster
into the more relevant human system. Our results add to the growing field of insulin-mediated antiviral immunity and identify potential biomarkers or intervention targets to better address West Nile virus infection and severe disease.
Full genome sequence of a human rhinovirus A1B, obtained in Kazakhstan
Authors: Strochkov Vitaliy , Beloussov Vyacheslav , Solomadin Maxim , Granica Joanna , Yegorov Sergey , Orkara Shynggys , Sandybayev Nurlan
Published: October 2023

Here, we report the full nucleotide sequence of the RvA1B/KZ/2021/87 rhinovirus, identified through metagenomic sequencing of nasopharyngeal swabs collected from patients exhibiting respiratory symptoms in Kazakhstan during 2021.
Proteome efficiency of metabolic pathways in
Escherichia coli
increases along the nutrient flow
Authors: Hu Xiao-Pan , Schroeder Stefan , Lercher Martin J.
Published: October 2023

Understanding the allocation of the cellular proteome to different cellular processes is central to unraveling the organizing principles of bacterial physiology. Proteome allocation to protein translation itself is maximally efficient, i.e., it represents the minimal allocation of dry mass able to sustain the observed protein production rate. In contrast, recent studies on bacteria have demonstrated that the concentrations of many proteins exceed the minimal level required to support the observed growth rate, indicating some heterogeneity across pathways in their proteome efficiency. Here, we systematically analyze the proteome efficiency of metabolic pathways, which together account for more than half of the
Escherichia coli
proteome during exponential growth. Comparing the predicted minimal and the observed proteome allocation to different metabolic pathways across growth conditions, we find that the protein abundance in the most costly biosynthesis pathways—those for amino acid biosynthesis and cofactor biosynthesis—is regulated for near-optimal efficiency. Overall, proteome efficiency increases along the carbon flow through the metabolic network; proteins involved in pathways of nutrient uptake and central metabolism tend to be highly over-abundant, while proteins involved in anabolic pathways and in protein translation are much closer to the expected minimal abundance across conditions. Our work thus provides a bird’s-eye view of metabolic pathway efficiency, demonstrating systematic deviations from optimal cellular efficiency at the network level.

IMPORTANCE

Protein translation is the most expensive cellular process in fast-growing bacteria, and efficient proteome usage should thus be under strong natural selection. However, recent studies show that a considerable part of the proteome is unneeded for instantaneous cell growth in
Escherichia coli
. We still lack a systematic understanding of how this excess proteome is distributed across different pathways as a function of the growth conditions. We estimated the minimal required proteome across growth conditions in
E. coli
and compared the predictions with experimental data. We found that the proteome allocated to the most expensive internal pathways, including translation and the synthesis of amino acids and cofactors, is near the minimally required levels. In contrast, transporters and central carbon metabolism show much higher proteome levels than the predicted minimal abundance. Our analyses show that the proteome fraction unneeded for instantaneous cell growth decreases along the nutrient flow in
E. coli
.
‘We don’t get money in our own hands’: evidence from focus group discussions on economic abuse against women in two states of India
Authors: Steinert Janina Isabel , Boehret Ines , Vasumati Satish Rucha , Sharma Sanchita , Chatterji Sangeeta
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Violence against women is a serious human rights violation. While much attention has been given to the prevalence and prevention of physical, sexual and emotional violence, one crucial dimension is to date less well understood: economic abuse against women. This paper presents rich qualitative data on economic abuse against women in India to improve the understanding of economic abuse in a lower-middle income setting and to assess how economic abuse interacts with socio-cultural factors such as patrilocality, patriarchal gender norms and limited acceptance of female employment.

Methods

We conducted 13 focus group discussions (FGDs) in the states Maharashtra and Rajasthan. FGDs were conducted with married working (for income) and non-working women, husbands and mothers-in-law. Discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated to English. Transcripts were coded using thematic analysis and emerging themes were discussed among all authors.

Results

Women suffered from four distinct forms of economic abuse. Economic control emerged as the most prevalent theme, amplified by women’s marginalisation from financial decision-making in the household. Discussions further alluded to employment sabotage, which husbands commonly justified by not wanting their wives to neglect their duties at home. A third category was women’s economic exploitation, expressed by husbands taking their salaries, accumulating debt in their wife’s name, and using their wife’s wedding endowments for own purposes. A last category was husbands’ refusal to financially contribute to necessary household expenses, which hindered investments in children’s education and adequate coping with health emergencies. We identified important linkages with other forms of domestic abuse.

Conclusion

Economic abuse has the potential to trap women in abusive relationships. Effective interventions to reduce economic abuse and economically empower women such as financial inclusion programmes are urgently needed. Stricter penalisation of dowry-related violence and spousal abuse is also required.
Physical exercise for treating non-motor symptoms assessed by general Parkinson’s disease scales: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Costa Valton , Suassuna Alice de Oliveira Barreto , Brito Thanielle Souza Silva , Rocha Thalita Frigo da , Gianlorenco Anna Carolyna
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a movement disorder that also manifests non-motor symptoms (NMS). Physical exercise is a prominent strategy that can have an impact on NMS; however, the evidence is limited. Our aim was to verify the effects of exercise on NMS, as assessed using general NMS scales.

Methods

This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Two searches were conducted on the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct and PEDro databases from September to December 2022. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies.

Results

Twenty-three studies were included. The interventions were classified as multimodal, aerobic, resistance, dance, conventional physical therapy and other types. Five studies had high risk of bias. Eight studies were included in the meta-analyses. According to the criteria, four studies compared exercise with non-exercise (n=159), two compared multimodal exercise with cognitive/leisure approaches (n=128), and two compared aerobic with conventional exercise (n=40). No statistical differences were observed between exercise and non-exercise (−0.26 (−0.58 to 0.05)) and between multimodal and cognitive approaches (0.21 (−0.14 to 0.55)). However, trends were observed in the direction of exercise and cognitive approaches. A significant difference was observed favouring aerobic over conventional exercise (−0.72 (−1.36 to −0.08)).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that exercise may have an effect on general NMS compared with non-exercise, although only a trend was observed. It was also observed for cognitive approaches over multimodal exercises. Aerobic exercise showed near-large effects compared with conventional exercise.
Low body mass index patients have worse outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Fecker Adeline L , Shahin Maryam N , Sheffels Samantha , Nugent Joseph Girard , Munger Daniel , Miller Parker , Priest Ryan , Dogan Aclan , Clark Wayne , Wright James , Liu Jesse L
Published: October 2023

Background

There is evidence that frailty is an independent predictor of worse outcomes after stroke. Similarly, although obesity is associated with a higher risk for stroke, there are multiple reports describing improved mortality and functional outcomes in higher body mass index (BMI) patients in a phenomenon known as the obesity paradox. We investigated the effect of low BMI on outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 231 stroke patients who underwent MT at an academic medical center between 2020–2022. The patients’ BMI data were collected from admission records and coded based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) obesity guidelines. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) in R software was employed to automatically detect a BMI threshold associated with a significant survival benefit. Frailty was quantified using the Modified Frailty Index 5 and 11.

Results

In our dataset, by CDC classification, 2.6% of patients were underweight, 27.3% were normal BMI, 30.7% were overweight, 19.9% were class I obese, 9.5% were class II obese, and 10% were class III obese. There were no significant differences between these groups. RPA identified a clinically significant BMI threshold of 23.62 kg/m2. Independent of frailty, patients with a BMI ≤23.62 kg/m2had significantly worse overall survival (P<0.001) and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (P=0.027) than patients above the threshold.

Conclusions

Underweight patients had worse survival and functional outcomes after MT. Further research should focus on the pathophysiology underlying poor prognosis in underweight MT patients, and whether optimizing nutritional status confers any neuroprotective benefit.
Accelerated transformation programme for healthcare services: structure, function and the lessons learnt
Authors: Riley Anthony J , AlShammary Sami A , Abuzied Yacoub , Al-Amer Rasmieh , Bin-Hussain Ibrahim , Alwaalah Mesfer , Alshammari Khalil , AlQumaizi Khalid I
Published: October 2023

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s (KSA) Ministry of Health’s (MOH) healthcare transformation strategy aims to improve the quality of life of Saudi citizens in line with the ‘Vision 2030’strategic objectives. The MOH is reforming the way healthcare will be managed in the future and is in the process of transferring healthcare service delivery responsibilities to clusters with ratified boards, while also moving the MOH from a provision of service model to a regulatory one. Several early pathfinding clusters were initiated in the eastern central and western regions. To ensure northern and southern regions were not left behind, the early innovation, while awaiting cluster nomination status, the northern and southern business units of Health Holding Company implemented the accelerated transformation programme (ATP). The ATP’s remit was to develop capabilities and stimulate local engagement and ownership in the healthcare transformation process. This paper summarises the process of healthcare transformation undertaken in the northern and southern regions of KSA to date. It reviews the success in engaging with local healthcare professional communities in a standardised way and the learning from previous clusters, and elaborates on emerging implementation issues and how we may overcome them and introduce the lessons learnt from this journey.
Medical Specialty Interest Survey (MSIS): understanding career interest and specialty training in commencing Australian medical interns
Authors: Chew Christopher , Lin Lawrence , Vos Nathan , Stevens Jade , Nyhof Emma , Goh Jason
Published: October 2023

Aim

To assess specialisation interests in commencing interns and create a standardised survey to aid medical schools, supervisors and health services in quantifying, understanding and supporting medical career development to improve medical workforce planning.

Method

The Medical Specialty Interest Survey (MSIS) cross-sectional study was used. Incoming interns at a multisite tertiary hospital network in Melbourne, Australia rated their desire to pursue each specialty as a career using a Likert scale (1–5). 47 Medical Board of Australia Medical Specialties were included in the survey.

Results

Completion rate was 123 of 124 (99.2%). The overall mean desirability was 2.62, suggesting on average more specialties were deemed less preferred. Critical care specialties were most popular, while surgical specialties had least interest. Gastroenterology and cardiology were most popular among internal medicine specialties. General practice had low correlation with other specialties (Pearson correlation mean R coefficient 0.106 compared with overall mean 0.208), suggesting interns interested in general practice exhibit less interest in other specialties, and interest in specialisation confers low interest in general practice. Psychiatry had the lowest mean R coefficient of 0.088.

Conclusions

The MSIS quantifies relative interest in 47 medical specialties and specialty interest correlations among final-year medical students/incoming interns. The MSIS may be a tool for medical schools, healthcare services and government agencies to better understand the career interest among medical students and pre-vocational doctors and therefore improve doctor retention and well-being.
Multicenter assessment of impairments and disabilities associated with Beirut blast injuries: a retrospective review of hospital medical records
Authors: Al-Hajj Samar , El-Hussein Mahmoud , von Schreeb Johan , Hamieh Cima , Ahmad Nesrine , Souaiby Nagi
Published: October 2023

Objectives

This study aims to describe the injury patterns of the Beirut blast victims and assess hospitals’ disaster management and preparedness during the 2020 Beirut port blast.

Methods

A cross-sectional retrospective multicenter study was conducted in two stages. Data were collected on blast victims presented to participating hospitals from August 4 till August 8, using three designed questionnaires. Stage 1 included all blast patients’ records and stage 2 examined a subset of inpatient and outpatient records. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the factors associated with death and disability for blast patients.

Results

A total of 3278 records were collected, 83% were treated at emergency departments and 17% were admitted to hospitals. Among those, 61 deaths and 35 long-term disabilities were reported. Extremity operations (63%) were mostly performed. Outpatients (n=410) had a mean age of 40±17.01 years and 40% sustained lacerations (40%). 10% of those patients sustained neurological complications and mental problems, and 8% had eye complications. Inpatients (n=282) had a mean age of 49±20.7 years and a mean length of hospital stay of 6±10.7 days. Secondary (37%) and tertiary (25%) blast injuries were predominant. 49% sustained extremity injuries and 19% head/face injuries. 11 inpatient deaths and 20 long-term disabilities were reported. Death was significantly associated with tertiary concussion and crush syndrome (p<0.05). Of the 16 hospitals, 13 implemented disaster plans (87%), and 14 performed a triage with a mean time of 0.96±0.67 hours. One hospital (6%) performed psychological evaluations, without follow-up.

Conclusion

Beirut blast victims suffered deaths and disabilities associated with their injuries. They predominantly sustained lacerations caused by shattered glass. Tertiary injuries were associated with death. Triage, disaster plans, and hospital preparedness should be effectively implemented to enhance patients’ clinical outcomes.

Level of evidence

Prognostic and epidemiological/Level III
Elastic proton–neutron and antiproton–neutron scattering in holographic QCD
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Sirat Sayed Anwar , Liu Zhibo
Published: October 2023

The total and differential cross sections of the elastic proton–neutron and antiproton–neutron scattering are studied in a holographic QCD model, focusing on the Regge regime. Taking into account the Pomeron and Reggeon exchange, which are described by the Reggeized spin-2 glueball and vector meson propagator respectively, those cross sections are obtained. It is presented that the currently available experimental data of the total cross sections can be well described within the model. Once a single adjustable parameter is determined with the total cross section data, the differential cross sections can be calculated without any additional parameters. Although the available differential cross section data are limited, it is found that our predictions are consistent with those.
Periodic Perturbations of Codimension-Two Bifurcations with a Double Zero Eigenvalue in Symmetrical Dynamical Systems
Authors: Yagasaki Kazuyuki
Published: October 2023

We study bifurcation behavior in periodic perturbations of two-dimensional symmetric systems exhibiting codimension-two bifurcations with a double zero eigenvalue when the frequencies of the perturbation terms are small. We transform the periodically perturbed systems to simpler ones which are periodic perturbations of the normal forms for the codimension-two bifurcations, and apply the subharmonic and homoclinic Melnikov methods to analyze bifurcations occurring there. In particular, we show that there exist transverse homoclinic or heteroclinic orbits, which yield chaotic dynamics, in wide parameter regions. These results can be applied to three or higher-dimensional systems and even to infinite-dimensional systems with the assistance of center manifold reduction and the invariant manifold theory. We illustrate our theory for a pendulum subjected to position and velocity feedback control when the desired position is periodic in time. We also give numerical computations by the computer tool AUTO to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Complicated Dynamical Behaviors of a Geometrical Oscillator with a Mass Parameter
Authors: Huang Xinyi , Cao Qingjie
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we consider a special kind of geometrical nonlinear oscillator with a mass parameter admitting two different dynamical states leading to a double-valued potential energy. A cylindrical manifold is introduced to formulate the equation of motion to describe the distinguished dynamical behaviors. With the help of Hamiltonian, complex bifurcations are demonstrated with varying parameters including periodic solutions, the steady states and the blowing up phenomenon near [Formula: see text] to infinity. A toroidal manifold is introduced to map the infinities into [Formula: see text] on the torus exhibiting saddle-node-like behavior, where the uniqueness of solution is lost, for which a special “collision” parameter is introduced to define the possible motion leaving from infinities. Numerical calculation is carried out to generate bifurcation diagrams using Poincaré sections for the perturbed system to exhibit complex dynamics including the coexistence of periodic solutions, chaos from the coexisting periodic doubling and also instant chaos from the coexisting periodic solutions. The results demonstrated herein this paper provide a brand new insight into the understanding of enriched nonlinear dynamics and an essential explanation about “collision” of mechanical system with both geometrical and mass parameters.
Nilpotent Bicenters in Continuous Piecewise ℤ2-Equivariant Cubic Polynomial Hamiltonian Vector Fields: Cusp–Cusp Type
Authors: Chen Ting , Llibre Jaume
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we study the global dynamics for a class of continuous piecewise [Formula: see text]-equivariant cubic Hamiltonian vector fields with nilpotent bicenters at [Formula: see text]. We consider these polynomial vector fields with a challenging case where the bicenters [Formula: see text] come from the combination of two nilpotent cusps separated by [Formula: see text]. We call it a cusp–cusp type. We use the Poincaré compactification, the blow-up theory, the index theory and the theory of discriminant sequence for determining the number of distinct or negative real roots of a polynomial, to classify the global phase portraits of these vector fields in the Poincaré disc.
A Box-Counting Method for Characteristic Diagnosis of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
Authors: Zhang Zhengyuan , Dai Liming
Published: October 2023

An innovative box-counting method is developed in this research for diagnozing the nonlinear characteristics of dynamical systems. With the method developed, an approach that depicts the evolutionary process on Poincaré maps is established such that the nonlinear dynamical characteristics of the transient and stable process of the system can be graphically and quantitatively identified. A Duffing–van der Pol system is adopted in the research to demonstrate an application of the method. A diagram graphically describing the periodic, quasiperiodic, chaotic, and transient chaotic regions of the system’s responses is constructed based on the method. Furthermore, the nature of different box-point curves is explained based on the topology of chaos and quasiperiodicity. The method developed shows innovation and efficiency in diagnozing nonlinear dynamical systems based on the topological properties of general nonlinear systems.
A Hybrid Deep Ranking Weighted Multi-Hashing Recommender System
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Singh Jyoti Prakash , Kant Surya , Jain Neha
Published: October 2023

In countries where there is a low availability of resources for language, businesses face the challenge of overcoming language barriers to reach their customers. One possible solution is to use collaborative filtering-based recommendation systems in their native languages. These systems employ algorithms that understand the customers’ preferences and suggest products or services in their native language.

Collaborative filtering (CF) is a popular recommendation technique that simulates word-of-mouth phenomena. However, the accuracy of a CF recommendation can be affected by sparse data. In this research article, we present a novel hybrid weighted multi-deep ranking supervised hashing (HWMDRH) approach. Our method leverages both user-based and item-based CF by merging the item-based deep ranking weighted multi-hash recommender system prediction with the user-based deep ranking weighted multi-hash recommender system prediction to generate Top-N prediction. We conducted extensive experiments on the MovieLens 1M dataset, and our results show that the proposed HWMDRH model outperforms existing models and achieves state-of-the-art performance across recall, precision, RMSE, and F1-score metrics.
Nernst Equations and Concentration Chemical Reaction Overpotentials for VRFB Operation
Authors: Krowne Clifford M.
Published: October 2023

The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has been intensively examined since the 1970s, with researchers looking at its electrochemical time varying electrolyte concentration time variation equations (both tank and cells, for negative and positive half cells), its thermal time variation equations, and fluid flow equations. Chemistry behavior of the electrolyte ions have also been intensively examined too. Our focus in this treatment is a new approach to understanding the physics, chemistry, and electronics of the VRFB by looking at the equilibrium and non-equilibrium aspects of the battery. Detailed examination of the behavior inside the porous electrodes of the electrolyte concentration is done by distinguishing between the concentrations near the pore surface wall and volume elements away from the solid surface-electrolyte boundary. Relationship to the battery charging or discharging current and current density is performed allowing macroscopic overpotentials to be determined for each electrode. These are concentration overpotentials and their exact relationship to the battery potentials is developed carefully so that a rigorous basis is established. It is found that there are two overpotentials making up the negative electrode overpotential, due to the

V

2
+

and

V

3
+

ions. Similarly, there are two overpotentials making up the positive electrode overpotential, due to the

V

4
+

and

V

5
+

ions.
Experimental evidence on a “light-touch” personalized email intervention in an online, undergraduate physiology course
Authors: Leary Brian K. , Bryner Randy W. , Leary Miriam E.
Published: October 2023

Personalized performance feedback from light-touch emails did not improve student perceptions of faculty engagement, self-reported participation in academic resources, or academic performance compared with a standardized email in a junior-level, online physiology course.
Salt-sensitive trait of normotensive individuals is associated with altered autonomous cardiac regulation: a randomized controlled intervention study
Authors: Oppelaar Jetta J. , Bouwmeester Thomas A. , Silova Anastasia A. , Collard Didier , Wouda Rosa D. , van Duin Robert E. , Rorije Nienke M. G. , Olde Engberink Rik H. G. , Danser A. H. Jan , van den Born Bert-Jan H. , Vogt Liffert
Published: October 2023

Extracellular fluid expansion in normotensive individuals after salt loading is present in both salt-sensitive and salt-resistant individuals and is not discriminatory to the blood pressure response to sodium loading in a steady-state measurement. In normotensive subjects, the ability to sufficiently vasodilate seems to play a pivotal role in salt sensitivity. In a normotensive cohort, differences in sympathovagal balance are also present in low-salt conditions rather than being affected by salt loading. Whereas treatment and prevention of salt-sensitive blood pressure increase are mostly focused on renal sodium handling and extracellular volume regulation, our study suggests that an inability to adequately vasodilate and altered autonomous cardiac functioning are additional key players in the pathophysiology of salt-sensitive blood pressure increase.
“Idiopathic” minimal change nephrotic syndrome: a podocyte mystery nears the end
Authors: Chugh Sumant S. , Clement Lionel C.
Published: October 2023

The discovery of zinc fingers and homeoboxes (ZHX) transcriptional factors and the upregulation of hyposialylated angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in podocytes have been crucial in explaining the cardinal manifestations of human minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). Recently, uncovered genomic defects upstream of ZHX2 induce a ZHX2 hypomorph state that makes podocytes inherently susceptible to mild cytokine storms resulting from a common cold. In ZHX2 hypomorph podocytes, ZHX proteins are redistributed away from normal transmembrane partners like aminopeptidase A (APA) toward alternative binding partners like IL-4Rα. During disease relapse, high plasma soluble IL-4Rα (sIL-4Rα) associated with chronic atopy complements the cytokine milieu of a common cold to displace ZHX1 from podocyte transmembrane IL-4Rα toward the podocyte nucleus. Nuclear ZHX1 induces severe upregulation of ANGPTL4, resulting in incomplete sialylation of part of the ANGPTL4 protein, secretion of hyposialylated ANGPTL4, and hyposialylation-related injury in the glomerulus. This pattern of injury induces many of the classic manifestations of human minimal change disease (MCD), including massive and selective proteinuria, podocyte foot process effacement, and loss of glomerular basement membrane charge. Administration of glucocorticoids reduces ANGPTL4 upregulation, which reduces hyposialylation injury to improve the clinical phenotype. Improving sialylation of podocyte-secreted ANGPTL4 also reduces proteinuria and improves experimental MCD. Neutralizing circulating TNF-α, IL-6, or sIL-4Rα after the induction of the cytokine storm in Zhx2 hypomorph mice reduces albuminuria, suggesting potential new therapeutic targets for clinical trials to prevent MCD relapse. These studies collectively lay to rest prior suggestions of a role of single cytokines or soluble proteins in triggering MCD relapse.
Plasticity changes in neuromuscular junction morphology and related regulatory proteins in the hibernating ground squirrel
Authors: He Yue , Wang Hui-Ping , Pan Fang-Yang , Xu Shen-Hui , Gao Yun-Fang
Published: October 2023

This study is the first to explore the neuromuscular junction morphology of slow- and fast-twitch muscles in Daurian ground squirrels during different periods of hibernation. Results showed that the neuromuscular junction maintained stable morphology in the extensor digitorum longus muscle. The degenerative changes in neuromuscular junction morphology and the periodic decrease in Lrp4 protein expression in the soleus muscle during hibernation recovered in post-hibernation, exhibiting significant plasticity.
Comfort and Coordination among Interprofessional Care Providers Involved in Intubations in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Pande Chetna K. , Stayer Kelsey , Rappold Thomas , Alvin Madeleine , Koszela Keri , Kudchadkar Sapna R.
Published: October 2023

Background. Successful execution of invasive procedures in acute care settings, including tracheal intubation, requires careful coordination of an interprofessional team. The stress inherent to the intensive care unit (ICU) environment may threaten the optimal communication and planning necessary for the safe execution of this complex procedure. The objective of this study is to characterize the perceptions of interprofessional team members surrounding tracheal intubations in the pediatric ICU (PICU). Methods. This is a single‐center survey‐based study of staff involved in the intubation of pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary level academic PICU. Physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists (RT) involved in tracheal intubations were queried via standardized, discipline‐specific electronic surveys regarding their involvement in procedural planning and overall awareness of and comfort with the intubation plan. Qualitative variables were assessed by both Likert scales and free‐text comments that were grouped and analyzed thematically. Results. One hundred and eleven intubation encounters were included during the study time period, of which 93 (84%) had survey responses from at least 2 professional teams. Among those included in the analysis, the survey was completed 244 times by members of the PICU teams including 86 responses from physicians, 76 from nurses, and 82 from RTs. Survey response rates were >80% from each provider team. There were significant differences in interprofessional team comfort with nurses feeling less well informed and comfortable with the intubation plan and process compared to physicians and RTs (p < 0.001 for both). Qualitative themes including clear communication, adequate planning and preparation prior to procedure initiation, and clear definition of roles emerged among both affirmative and constructive comments. Conclusions. Exploration of provider perceptions and emergence of constructive themes expose opportunities for teamwork improvement strategies involving intubations in the PICU. The use of a preintubation checklist may improve organization and communication amongst team members, increase provider morale, decrease team stress levels, and, ultimately, may improve patient outcomes during this high stakes, coordinated event.
Postharvest Melatonin Application Preserves Quality and Imparts Chilling Tolerance in Peaches
Authors: Sati Hansika , Bhardwaj Renu , Fawole Olaniyi Amos , Pareek Sunil
Published: October 2023

Peach being a climacteric fruit has a limited shelf life. Cold storage of peaches is an essential measure to maintain their quality. However, prolonged exposure to cold temperatures causes chilling injury in peaches, resulting in significant economic losses. Approximately, 40% of the produced commodity is lost in postharvest handling in which chilling injury contributes to about 25%. Melatonin can be a green solution and plays a key role in protecting peaches from chilling injury. Therefore, this experiment aimed to determine the effect of melatonin on the “Silver King” peaches by dipping them in 100 μM melatonin for 2 hours followed by storing them at chilling temperatures of 2 ± 1°C and 90–95% relative humidity for 21 d. The results showed that while control fruit experienced chilling injury and poor fruit quality, increased respiration rate, and enhanced senescence, 100 μM melatonin treatment was successful in preserving the fruit quality at chilling temperatures and was associated with the delayed respiration rate and lower malondialdehyde levels, along with the preservation of certain physicochemical parameters, namely, total soluble solids, pH, fruit firmness, and titratable acidity. Moreover, a 1.5 times higher proline concentration was observed in melatonin-treated peaches when compared to that of nontreated peaches. This rise was linked to the enhanced activity of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and ornithine-δ-aminotransferase along with a decrease in the activity of proline dehydrogenase during 21 d of storage.
Seed Becoming Soil: A New Paradigm of the Ewing Sarcoma Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Kuo Christopher , Amatruda James F.
Published: October 2023

Cells in the tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), contribute to tumor growth and immune evasion. A recent study of Ewing sarcoma identified “CAF-like” tumor cells that mimic the protumorigenic features of CAFs. These findings highlight the role of cell plasticity in tumor growth.

See related article by Wrenn et al., p. 5140
Supplementary Tables S1 and S2 from The Origin of Highly Elevated Cell-Free DNA in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Pancreatic, Colorectal, Lung, or Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Mattox Austin K. , Douville Christopher , Wang Yuxuan , Popoli Maria , Ptak Janine , Silliman Natalie , Dobbyn Lisa , Schaefer Joy , Lu Steve , Pearlman Alexander H. , Cohen Joshua D. , Tie Jeanne , Gibbs Peter , Lahouel Kamel , Bettegowda Chetan , Hruban Ralph H. , Tomasetti Cristian , Jiang Peiyong , Chan K.C. Allen , Lo Yuk Ming Dennis , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Vogelstein Bert
Published: October 2023

Supplementary Table 1. Demographic, clinical, and plasma cfDNA data for the patients included in the study deconvoluted by Sun et al. (3) and Moss et al. (43) by QP and NNLS. NA, not available.
Supplementary Table 2. Demographic, clinical, and plasma cfDNA data for the patients included in the study deconvoluted by Loyfer et al. (44) NA, not available.
Supplementary Video 4 from GABA Regulates Electrical Activity and Tumor Initiation in Melanoma
Authors: Tagore Mohita , Hergenreder Emiliano , Perlee Sarah C. , Cruz Nelly M. , Menocal Laura , Suresh Shruthy , Chan Eric , Baron Maayan , Melendez Stephanie , Dave Asim , Chatila Walid K. , Nsengimana Jeremie , Koche Richard P. , Hollmann Travis J. , Ideker Trey , Studer Lorenz , Schietinger Andrea , White Richard M.
Published: October 2023

Representative trace videos of spike activity in melanoma/keratinocyte co-cultures +/- GABA signaling
Figure S6 from The Origin of Highly Elevated Cell-Free DNA in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Pancreatic, Colorectal, Lung, or Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Mattox Austin K. , Douville Christopher , Wang Yuxuan , Popoli Maria , Ptak Janine , Silliman Natalie , Dobbyn Lisa , Schaefer Joy , Lu Steve , Pearlman Alexander H. , Cohen Joshua D. , Tie Jeanne , Gibbs Peter , Lahouel Kamel , Bettegowda Chetan , Hruban Ralph H. , Tomasetti Cristian , Jiang Peiyong , Chan K.C. Allen , Lo Yuk Ming Dennis , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Vogelstein Bert
Published: October 2023

Supplemental Figure 6. Correlation between the cfDNA derived from colon epithelial cells, lung cells, and pancreatic cells, and the fraction of cfDNA derived from neoplastic colon epithelial cells, lung cells, or pancreatic cells.
Figure S5 from The Origin of Highly Elevated Cell-Free DNA in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Pancreatic, Colorectal, Lung, or Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Mattox Austin K. , Douville Christopher , Wang Yuxuan , Popoli Maria , Ptak Janine , Silliman Natalie , Dobbyn Lisa , Schaefer Joy , Lu Steve , Pearlman Alexander H. , Cohen Joshua D. , Tie Jeanne , Gibbs Peter , Lahouel Kamel , Bettegowda Chetan , Hruban Ralph H. , Tomasetti Cristian , Jiang Peiyong , Chan K.C. Allen , Lo Yuk Ming Dennis , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Vogelstein Bert
Published: October 2023

Supplemental Figure 5. Methylation profiles using quadratic programming vs. non-negative least- squares regression using the reference matrix described in Moss et al. (43). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and p values are presented at the bottom of this figure, showing the derived contributions from each of the 25 tissue types that could be assessed.
Supplementary Figures S1-S17 from GABA Regulates Electrical Activity and Tumor Initiation in Melanoma
Authors: Tagore Mohita , Hergenreder Emiliano , Perlee Sarah C. , Cruz Nelly M. , Menocal Laura , Suresh Shruthy , Chan Eric , Baron Maayan , Melendez Stephanie , Dave Asim , Chatila Walid K. , Nsengimana Jeremie , Koche Richard P. , Hollmann Travis J. , Ideker Trey , Studer Lorenz , Schietinger Andrea , White Richard M.
Published: October 2023

Combined supplementary figures and figure legends.
Supplementary Fig. 1: Switching requires direct contact between nascent melanoma cells and keratinocytes in vivo.
Supplementary Fig. 2: Switching requires direct contact between melanoma cells and keratinocytes in vitro.
Supplementary Fig. 3: Switching does not involve cell fusion between keratinocytes and melanoma cells.
Supplementary Fig. 4: Exosome-like vesicles are transferred from melanoma cells to keratinocytes.
Supplementary Fig. 5: GABAergic signaling is active in skin and melanoma cells.
Supplementary Fig. 6: Melanoma cells express GAD1 and produce GABA.
Supplementary Fig. 7: Disruption of GABA signaling blocks melanoma/keratinocyte communication.
Supplementary Fig. 8: Specialized cell-cell junction signatures are enriched in melanoma cells and keratinocytes.
Supplementary Fig. 9: Melanoma vesicles are present near specialized GABAergic cell-cell junctions in co-cultures.
Supplementary Fig. 10: gad activation correlates with higher tumor burden in melanoma.
Supplementary Fig. 11: GABA producing enzymes are expressed in zebrafish melanoma cells.
Supplementary Fig. 12: Disruption of GABA synthesis blocks tumor initiation in melanoma.
Supplementary Fig. 13: GAD expression/GABA treatment is pro-tumorigenic in a non cellautonomous manner.
Supplementary Fig. 14: Switched keratinocytes are pro-tumorigenic in melanoma.
Supplementary Fig. 15: LIF expression in keratinocytes drives melanoma cell proliferation.
Supplementary Fig. 16: Zebrafish melanoma scRNAseq identifies GABA and LIF associated components in the TME.
Supplementary Fig. 17: MYCN drives LIF expression in keratinocytes.
Figure S3 from The Origin of Highly Elevated Cell-Free DNA in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Pancreatic, Colorectal, Lung, or Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Mattox Austin K. , Douville Christopher , Wang Yuxuan , Popoli Maria , Ptak Janine , Silliman Natalie , Dobbyn Lisa , Schaefer Joy , Lu Steve , Pearlman Alexander H. , Cohen Joshua D. , Tie Jeanne , Gibbs Peter , Lahouel Kamel , Bettegowda Chetan , Hruban Ralph H. , Tomasetti Cristian , Jiang Peiyong , Chan K.C. Allen , Lo Yuk Ming Dennis , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Vogelstein Bert
Published: October 2023

Supplemental Figure 3. Fraction of plasma cfDNA that could be attributed to high molecular weight genomic DNA in samples analyzed by RealSeqS.
Figure S1 from The Origin of Highly Elevated Cell-Free DNA in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Pancreatic, Colorectal, Lung, or Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Mattox Austin K. , Douville Christopher , Wang Yuxuan , Popoli Maria , Ptak Janine , Silliman Natalie , Dobbyn Lisa , Schaefer Joy , Lu Steve , Pearlman Alexander H. , Cohen Joshua D. , Tie Jeanne , Gibbs Peter , Lahouel Kamel , Bettegowda Chetan , Hruban Ralph H. , Tomasetti Cristian , Jiang Peiyong , Chan K.C. Allen , Lo Yuk Ming Dennis , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Vogelstein Bert
Published: October 2023

Supplemental Figure 1. Overview of the patient samples included in the present study.