bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN STRATEGI SQ3R PADA KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV UPT SD NEGERI 304 GRESIK
Authors: Rovita Zulianah , Umam Nanang Khoirul
Published: August 2023

This research is a qualitative descriptive study that aims to describe the implementation, responses of teacher and students and the difficulties exprerienced by students in implementing the SQ3R strategy (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review) during the learning process. “The subjects in this study were 25 students of grade IV UPT SD Negeri 304 Gresik. Data collection techniques used in this study were tests, interviews, observations. The results of this student indicate that activities are able to follow the SQ3R even thought the students had not previously learned about the SQ3R Strategy. Students can collect data independently and answer question made by themselves. The difficulties faced by students are asking questions and making conclusions from the contents of the reading text.
Efforts to Increase the Learning Interest of MI/SD Students Through the Application of Picture and Picture Strategies in Science Subjects
Authors: Zulhuda Sonny , Damayanti Linda
Published: August 2023

Elementary school-age children actually like to play, therefore teachers must be creative in developing learning that contains elements of play. This study aims to find out how the picture and picture strategy uses the students' learning interest in science subjects. Research using qualitative methods data collection techniques observation and interviews. The subject of this research comes from MI students in Dusun V Tanjung Bandar Khalifah Kec. Percut sei sir. The research results are; first, the picture and picture learning strategy has a strong influence on students' learning interest in the science subject on butterfly metamorphosis. Second, the use of picture and picture learning strategies is proven to be able to provoke students' activeness and courage. Third, this strategy can also improve students' creative thinking skills because students are asked to arrange pictures and tell them.
KONSEP MASYARAKAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF ILMU SHOROF DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PENDIDIKAN MASYARAKAT MANUSIA YANG IDAL
Authors: Damanhuri
Published: August 2023

Masyarakat merupakan istilah yang hanya digunakan oleh orang yang tinggal di Nusantara, termasuk Indonesia. Asal istilah ini dari bahasa Arab, sementara cendekiawan dari Arab tidak menyebut dengan istilah ini, melainkan dengan istilah Ijtima’/Mujtama’ yang berarti berkumpulnya manusia. Masyarakat dalam ilmu shorof berfungsi untuk menjelaskan makna saling. Makna saling atau interaksi manusia akan terjadi jika manusia berkumpul. Konsep dalam ilmu shorof inilah yang akan menjadi konsep masyarakat, sehingga cendekiawan Nusantara memilih istilah yang berasal dari kata Musyarakat ini, sebab dalam berkumpulnya manusia Indonesia terjadi gotong royong, saling membantu dan lain sebagainya. Dan karena istilah masyarakat dengan arti saling merupakan istilah yang universal dan netral, maka perlu pendidikan masyarakat yang mengiringinya sebagai implikasi dari konsep masyarakat dalam perspektif ilmu shorof untuk mencapai tujuan adanya masyarakat tersebut. Kajian ini akan menguraikan hal tersebut dengan konteks penelitian konstruktif. Membangun konsep masyarakat dalam perspektif ilmu shorof dan bagaimana pendidikan masyarakat untuk mencapai tujuan menjadi manusia yang ideal.
SIKAP DAN KEPUASAN KERJA DALAM DUNIA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Mohammad Nurul Huda  , Priyanto
Published: August 2023

Dalam berbagai hal yang menyangkut interaksi dengan manusia maka akan terdapat sebuah sikap baik itu sikap responsif, reaktif, sensitif dll sebagainya. Itu semua di pengaruhi suasana hati dan kondisi dari berbagai hal. Dan sikap sendiri sejatinya akan menunjukkan seperti apa karakter dari pribadi seseorang, dalam dunia kerja hal ini menjadi suatu hal yang diperhatikan. Ketika semakin banyak peluang interaksi maka akan banyak pula munculnya sebuah sikap, dan sikap tersebut bisa negatif atau positif, maka salah satu dari pembahsan ini adalah pengertian tentang sikap. Dan hal itu yang juga kita rasakan dalam kehidupan kita secara sosial atau individu. Pembahasan selanjutnya mengenai kepuasan kerja, sebetulnya pembahasan kepuasan kerja sangat penting, hal ini menjadi sangat penting karena kita bisa mengukur keberhasilan kerja dari nilai itu, banyak dunia kerja, dunia pendidikan yang memiliki sumber daya manusia yang banyak tetapi tidak memperhatikan aspek diatas tadi, karena mereka hanya berorientasi pada hasil b ukan pada manusia, artinya perusahaaan tidak mau menanggung resiko terhadap produksi yang jelas semua harus maksimal tanpa melihat bagaimana kondisi karyawan, dsb, tetapi ketika dunia kerja berorientasi kepada manusia maka dengan sendirinya motivasi pekerja akan meningkat dengan sendirinya.
TEKNIK SUPERVISI INDIVIDU DAN KINERJA GURU
Authors: Ulil Multazam
Published: August 2023

Meningkatkan kinerja guru melalui program profesionalisasi sudah bukan hal asing lagi bagi guru, namun kenyataannya profesionalisasi masih belum maksimal dilaksanakan. Dibutuhkan adanya suatu dorongan atau bimbingan dan semacam “pancingan” bagi guru untuk melakukan perbaikan. Dorongan atau bimbingan bagi guru untuk melaksanakan evaluasi dan usaha profesionalisasi dapat dilakukan oleh seorang pemimpin di lembaga tempatnya bekerja, dalam hal ini seorang pemimpin yang dimaksud adalah kepala sekolah. Kepala sekolah hendaknya dapat menjadi sosok yang berkontribusi langsung dalam upaya profesionalisasi dan meningkatkan kinerja guru. Bimbingan atau dorongan yang diberikan kepala sekolah kepada guru lebih dikenal dengan istilah supervisi. Kepala sekolah selaku supervisor berkewaiban untuk memahami teknik supervisi dan memberikan layanan yang terbaik kepada guru sehingga bisa memberikan dampak yang positif bagi kemajuan sekolah. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan beberapa  teknik supervisi individu yang diharapkan bisa diimplementasikan oleh para supervisor sehingga bisa memberikan dampak pada peningkatan kinerja guru. Tulisan ini merupakan jenis riset kepustakaan (library research) atau juga disebut studi pustaka, karena penulis mengumpulkan data pustaka, membaca, mencatat dan mengolah dari berbagai sumber, sumber data utama adalah dari buku dan jurnal penelitian.
The communicative potential of Russian-speaking and English-speaking voice systems
Authors: Zhikulina Christina Petrovna , Perfilieva Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: August 2023

The article describes the analysis of the "spontaneous" dialogue of two Russian and foreign voice systems. The study is relevant because the possibilities of communication of the introduction spontaneously dialogue between Russian-speaking and foreign voice systems have not been studied by now. The objects of research have become two Russian-speaking systems – Alice by Yandex, voice assistant application by Sberbank; two English voice systems – Siri by Apple Ink and Google Assistant, including their Russian version. The choice is due to their popularity among native speakers of the Russian language, which was determined by the requests of these voice assistants on the Internet. The sampling period was from January 1, 2021 to December 20, 2022. Russian-speaking and English-speaking voice systems were selected by a continuous sampling method. The article draws conclusions, including about the communicative capabilities of Russian-speaking voice systems and foreign analogues with a built-in translation function into Russian. The scientific novelty is the analysis of "spontaneous" dialogic speech and the analysis of its compliance with the norms of the modern Russian language. At the end of the article there are results of the analysis of foreign phrases and expressions with a small number of variants are summarized to generate a response to the user based on materials from the corpus of the Russian language. Also, it is not uncommon to identify features of machine translation in foreign voice analogues, unlike Russian-speaking voice assistants.
The Enduring Relevance of Mauss’ Essai sur le don
Authors: Godbout Jacques
Published: August 2023

Abstract The author rereads Mauss’ “Essay on the Gift” to focus on the essential differences between the archaic gift and the modern gift, the first of which is the separation between people and things. In fact, if in so-called primitive societies the gift is a “total welfare” (religious, economic, social, political), in modern societies the circulation of things becomes autonomous and we find the gift in the sphere of primary ties and, only partially, in those of the market and the state. The paradox of the gift, which Mauss emphasises, is its being a mélange of obligation and freedom: why do we in turn give when we receive something as a gift? This aspect – reciprocating the thing received – in Māori society is referred to as “hau” and contains the identity of the giver: the gift encloses, in a way, the self of the giver. For Mauss, even in modern society, presenting something to someone implies presenting something of the Self. Even when it comes to the gift between strangers, such as the gift of blood or the gift of organs, it expresses the social identity of the giver and the recipient, since it can be perceived as society’s recognition of a general gift or of the recipient’s belonging to this society.
An armoured marine reptile from the Early Triassic of South China and its phylogenetic and evolutionary implications
Authors: Wolniewicz Andrzej S , Shen Yuefeng , Li Qiang , Sun Yuanyuan , Qiao Yu , Chen Yajie , Hu Yi-Wei , Liu Jun
Published: August 2023

Sauropterygia was a taxonomically and ecomorphologically diverse clade of Mesozoic marine reptiles spanning the Early Triassic to the Late Cretaceous. Sauropterygians are traditionally divided into two groups representing two markedly different body plans – the short-necked, durophagous Placodontia and the long-necked Eosauropterygia – whereas Saurosphargidae, a small clade of armoured marine reptiles, is generally considered as the sauropterygian sister-group. However, the early evolutionary history of sauropterygians and their phylogenetic relationships with other groups within Diapsida are still incompletely understood. Here, we report a new saurosphargid from the Early Triassic (Olenekian) of South China – Prosaurosphargis yingzishanensis gen. et sp. nov. – representing the earliest known occurrence of the clade. An updated phylogenetic analysis focussing on the interrelationships among diapsid reptiles recovers saurosphargids as nested within sauropterygians, forming a clade with eosauropterygians to the exclusion of placodonts. Furthermore, a clade comprising Eusaurosphargis and Palatodonta is recovered as the sauropterygian sister-group within Sauropterygomorpha tax. nov. The phylogenetic position of several Early and Middle Triassic sauropterygians of previously uncertain phylogenetic affinity, such as Atopodentatus, Hanosaurus, Majiashanosaurus, and Corosaurus, is also clarified, elucidating the early evolutionary assembly of the sauropterygian body plan. Finally, our phylogenetic analysis supports the placement of Testudines and Archosauromorpha within Archelosauria, a result strongly corroborated by molecular data, but only recently recovered in a phylogenetic analysis using a morphology-only dataset. Our study provides evidence for the rapid diversification of sauropterygians in the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction event and emphasises the importance of broad taxonomic sampling in reconstructing phylogenetic relationships among extinct taxa.
Precision RNAi using synthetic shRNAmir target sites
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas , Hörmann Alexandra , Corcokovic Maja , Zmajkovic Jakub , Hinterndorfer Matthias , Salkanovic Jasko , Spreitzer Fiona , Köferle Anna , Gitschtaler Katrin , Popa Alexandra , Oberndorfer Sarah , Andersch Florian , Schaefer Markus , Fellner Michaela , Budano Nicole , Ruppert Jan G , Chetta Paolo , Wurm Melanie , Zuber Johannes , Neumüller Ralph A
Published: August 2023

Loss-of-function genetic tools are widely applied for validating therapeutic targets, but their utility remains limited by incomplete on- and uncontrolled off-target effects. We describe artificial RNA interference (ARTi) based on synthetic, ultra-potent, off-target-free shRNAs that enable efficient and inducible suppression of any gene upon introduction of a synthetic target sequence into non-coding transcript regions. ARTi establishes a scalable loss-of-function tool with full control over on- and off-target effects.
Age-associated changes in lineage composition of the enteric nervous system regulate gut health and disease
Authors: Kulkarni Subhash , Saha Monalee , Slosberg Jared , Singh Alpana , Nagaraj Sushma , Becker Laren , Zhang Chengxiu , Bukowski Alicia , Wang Zhuolun , Liu Guosheng , Leser Jenna M , Kumar Mithra , Bakhshi Shriya , Anderson Matthew J , Lewandoski Mark , Vincent Elizabeth , Goff Loyal A , Pasricha Pankaj Jay
Published: August 2023

The enteric nervous system (ENS), a collection of neural cells contained in the wall of the gut, is of fundamental importance to gastrointestinal and systemic health. According to the prevailing paradigm, the ENS arises from progenitor cells migrating from the neural crest and remains largely unchanged thereafter. Here, we show that the lineage composition of maturing ENS changes with time, with a decline in the canonical lineage of neural-crest derived neurons and their replacement by a newly identified lineage of mesoderm-derived neurons. Single cell transcriptomics and immunochemical approaches establish a distinct expression profile of mesoderm-derived neurons. The dynamic balance between the proportions of neurons from these two different lineages in the post-natal gut is dependent on the availability of their respective trophic signals, GDNF-RET and HGF-MET. With increasing age, the mesoderm-derived neurons become the dominant form of neurons in the ENS, a change associated with significant functional effects on intestinal motility which can be reversed by GDNF supplementation. Transcriptomic analyses of human gut tissues show reduced GDNF-RET signaling in patients with intestinal dysmotility which is associated with reduction in neural crest-derived neuronal markers and concomitant increase in transcriptional patterns specific to mesoderm-derived neurons. Normal intestinal function in the adult gastrointestinal tract therefore appears to require an optimal balance between these two distinct lineages within the ENS.
How accurately can one predict drug binding modes using AlphaFold models?
Authors: Karelina Masha , Noh Joseph J , Dror Ron O
Published: August 2023

Computational prediction of protein structure has been pursued intensely for decades, motivated largely by the goal of using structural models for drug discovery. Recently developed machine-learning methods such as AlphaFold 2 (AF2) have dramatically improved protein structure prediction, with reported accuracy approaching that of experimentally determined structures. To what extent do these advances translate to an ability to predict more accurately how drugs and drug candidates bind to their target proteins? Here, we carefully examine the utility of AF2 protein structure models for predicting binding poses of drug-like molecules at the largest class of drug targets, the G-protein-coupled receptors. We find that AF2 models capture binding pocket structures much more accurately than traditional homology models, with errors nearly as small as differences between structures of the same protein determined experimentally with different ligands bound. Strikingly, however, the accuracy of ligand-binding poses predicted by computational docking to AF2 models is not significantly higher than when docking to traditional homology models and is much lower than when docking to structures determined experimentally without these ligands bound. These results have important implications for all those who might use predicted protein structures for drug discovery.
Iron gets in the way
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Malhotra Rajeev
Published: August 2023

Accumulation of iron with age may inhibit the benefits of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular disease in late postmenopause.
Design of oral English teaching model based on multi-modal perception of the Internet of Things and improved conventional neural networks
Authors: Qin Haitao
Published: August 2023

Oral English instruction plays a pivotal role in educational endeavors. The emergence of online teaching in response to the epidemic has created an urgent demand for a methodology to evaluate and monitor oral English instruction. In the post-epidemic era, distance learning has become indispensable for educational pursuits. Given the distinct teaching modality and approach of oral English instruction, it is imperative to explore an intelligent scoring technique that can effectively oversee the content of English teaching. With this objective in mind, we have devised a scoring approach for oral English instruction based on multi-modal perception utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT). Initially, a trained convolutional neural network (CNN) model is employed to extract and quantify visual information and audio features from the IoT, reducing them to a fixed dimension. Subsequently, an external attention model is proposed to compute spoken English and image characteristics. Lastly, the content of English instruction is classified and graded based on the quantitative attributes of oral dialogue. Our findings illustrate that our scoring model for oral English instruction surpasses others, achieving the highest rankings and an accuracy of 88.8%, outperforming others by more than 2%.
Licitação pública como instrumento na gestão de projetos públicos para o desenvolvimento local na Amazônia
Authors: Ribeiro Leonardo Falcão , De São Pedro Filho Flávio , Misquita Raisse Patrício
Published: August 2023

Para a realização das despesas públicas, o gestor deve observar regras previstas na legislação. Atualmente, existe um conflito entre o pregão eletrônico e presencial, notadamente na escolha de um ou outro mode- lo como ferramenta de contratação pública. Ambas as modalidades apresentam diferentes efeitos sobre o desenvolvimento local e definir com precisão qual a melhor delas é um desafio para os todos os gestores públicos. Este estudo é elaborado mediante apoio da teoria do New Public Management, abordando os no- vos conceitos de gestão aplicados ao setor público, da Teoria de Sistemas e Teoria da Burocracia. A pesqui- sa busca responder a seguinte questão: a utilização da modalidade pregão eletrônico, em detrimento do pregão presencial, contribui para o desenvolvimento local? Traz como objetivo geral estudar o pregão em face do desenvolvimento local, com base na teoria New Public Management. Para alcançar o resultado, traz como objetivos específicos: caracterizar o gerenciamento operacional do pregão no locus investigativo (1); apontar os elementos de desenvolvimento local afetados pelo pregão (2); propor a inovação requerida con- cernente a tomada de decisão para a convergência entre as atividades do pregão e o desenvolvimento local (3). Aplicar-se-á o método de estudo de caso, através de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa e como procedimento de coleta de dados, a aplicação de formulários, através dos quais os informes serão tratados pela escala Likert e coleta de dados secundários em plataformas públicas. A análise dos dados consistiu na aplicação de estatística descritiva multivariada, utilizando como suporte os Softwares Excel e SPSS versão 24.0.
Distribution and Aetiology of Thrombocytosis in Inpatients Setting of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-section Study from Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Wasnik Suditi , Gundawar Ashwini Rege , Nagare Mangala , Dake Varun , Dangare Harsha , Bhide Smita
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Thrombocytosis is characterised by an increased platelet count in the blood, defined as a count greater than 450,000 cells/μL. The incidental discovery of thrombocytosis often leads to unnecessary investigations and referrals, causing anxiety among physicians. Aim: This study aims to examine the presence, frequency, and etiological distribution of thrombocytosis in various disease conditions. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Central Clinical Laboratory of MIMER Medical College and Dr. BSTR tertiary care hospital in Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, Maharashtra, India, from June 1st, 2021, to August 31st, 2021. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from adult patients with a platelet count greater than 450,000 cells/μL and entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet. The parameters studied included age, sex, clinical diagnosis, platelet count, Total Leucocyte Count (TLC), absolute neutrophil count, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), haemoglobin levels, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26.0. Results: A total of 194 patients with a platelet count greater than 450,000 cells/μL were included in the study. The frequency of thrombocytosis was 8.50% (194 patients), with 113 cases in the Medicine Inpatient Department (IPD) and 81 cases in the Surgery IPD. The lowest platelet count observed was 454,000 cells/μL, while the highest was 855,000 cells/μL. Primary thrombocytosis was found in 2 (1.03%) patients, while secondary thrombocytosis was found in 192 (98.96%) patients. A statistically significant association was observed between thrombocytosis and ferritin (p-value=0.032). Additionally, significant associations were found between thrombocytosis and absolute neutrophil count (p-value=0.023) and NLR (p-value=0.047). Conclusion: Elevated platelet counts, discovered during routine blood examinations, carry diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications as they can be indicative of various clinical situations with diverse underlying aetiologies. It is essential to rule out secondary thrombocytosis before further investigating for primary thrombocytosis. Thrombocytosis warrants thorough investigations and careful clinical correlation.
Knowledge Sharing and Students’ Development: R- Based Bibliometric Study
Authors: Haque Md. Armanul , Rahman Zihadur , Pervez A. K. M. Kanak , Banik Purnima , Aziz Dil Afroz Bente , Sarker Badhon , Bhuiyan Md. Fajlul Kabir
Published: August 2023

With a focus on bibliometric analysis, this study intends to analyze the patterns in the literature regarding knowledge sharing and student development. To find studies that were specifically focused on the topic under research, the authors searched Scopus using the Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT, together with the terms "knowledge sharing" and "student development," as well as their synonyms. In general, the study did not take the publication date into account. There were 1,154 documents in total in the final data set. The data were analyzed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software based on R. The use of bibliometric analysis to examine the connection between knowledge sharing and student development revealed several themes, influential authors, highly cited papers, prominent organizations and powerful nations. In addition, the study showed how the relationship between knowledge sharing and student development has changed over time and how it may interact with student performance to give educational institutions a long-term competitive advantage. To the author's knowledge, this study is the first to conduct a bibliometric analysis on knowledge sharing and student development. This study can be a starting point for scholars interested in understanding how knowledge sharing can relate to student development.
A Systematic Review on Prospects and Barriers of Silk in Bangladesh
Authors: Jui Kaniz Fatima , Rahman Saifur , Fuad Md. Akter Faruk , Flora Umme Munmun Ashrafi , Shanto Md. Hassan Shafiul Alam , Rahman Md. Hasan Sofiur , Siddika Homaira
Published: August 2023

Sericulture is an ancient agricultural practice and silk production has economic as well as historical importance in Bangladesh. The study has reviewed the prospects and barriers of silk compiling the production to industry level. In the last five years, silk production has decreased from 46 to 41 metric tons. As the total demand for silk in Bangladesh is 300 metric tons, it created import pressure, accounting for an average of 393.73 metric tons. Bangladesh produced 1099 kg silk yarn which contributed to the 4.43million USD export return and made the emergence of light more than in previous years. This paper shows that 75% of the total rural population lived in rural areas, and more than 60% of the total population directly or indirectly depended on agricultural activities where majority of employees were women, accounting for 60%. Bangladesh has achieved the honor of becoming the second largest exporter of Readymade Garments (RMG) which employed 4.4 million people and exported 81.16 million dollars, contributing about 18% of the total GDP. But the condition stagnated regarding the proper timing of raw materials procurement, temperature fluctuation, the Covid-19 outbreak, and others. Bangladesh Sericulture Development Board, Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute, and other non-government organizations support are required for its further growth.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Cyber Kill Chain Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Shehu Asma’u , Umar Mahmood , Aliyu Abdulmalik
Published: August 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are promising multifaceted techniques for addressing the most mundane tasks for greater efficiency and high productivity. Cyber security space is one of the areas that AI is promising to revolutionize. This study will develop a conceptual and theoretical framework to support a research design that can simulate research in understanding how AI can be applied to Cyber Kill Chain phases. This study has reviewed 21 journal and conference articles mostly from IEEE Xplore database. An overview of the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity, particularly within the framework of the Cyber Kill Chain was provided in this study. It also emphasizes the limitations of traditional security approaches and the necessity for innovative and intelligent defense methodologies. The results of reviewing the relevant literatures discovered that the key components of cybersecurity, includes identity, asset management, automated configuration management, security control validation, governance, risk assessment, and vulnerability identification. A theoretical framework was developed which introduces the Cyber Kill Chain model with a Unified Kill Chain model to address its shortcomings. Application of AI in cybersecurity offers an optimistic solutions to address the evolving threat landscape. AI techniques, such as machine learning, anomaly detection, and behavioural analysis, have shown great potential in enhancing various aspects of cybersecurity.  However, challenges related to data quality, adversarial attacks, and privacy concerns need to be addressed for successful implementation. Further research and development are crucial to fully harness the power of AI in cybersecurity and stay ahead of evolving cyber threats.
Enhancing Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Black Gram through Vermicompost and Vermiwash Application
Authors: Joshi Disha , Yadav L. R. , Ratore Bhavna Singh , Srivastava Hritik , Verma Ram Singh , Gurjar Biram Singh , Yadav Mamta , Sharma Chetana , Karol Anchal
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash on the nutrient uptake and economics of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan) during Kharif, 2020. The treatments comprised different doses of vermicompost and vermiwash totaling 20 treatments. It was replicated 3 times in FRBD (factorial randomised block design). Results revealed that application of vermicompost 6.0 t/ha significantly enhanced the nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in seed and straw, protein content in seed, the nutrient uptake by seed, straw and total uptake. It also recorded significantly higher gross returns over lower levels. However, higher net returns were observed under vermicompost 4.5 t/ha application. Results further showed that application of vermiwash 15 % foliar spray at the time of flower initiation stage also resulted in significant increase in nutrient content in seed and straw, protein content in seed, nutrient uptake by seed and straw with highest total uptake, gross and net returns of black gram.
Weather Based Cotton Yield Forecasting Models for South Gujarat Region
Authors: Parmar Pravinsinh K. , Singh Narendra , Tak Vibha , Sabhani Khyati , Patel Abhinav N.
Published: August 2023

An attempt has been made to developed the pre - harvesting forecasting models for cotton yields using (1995-2020) weather and yield data for Bharuch and Surat districts respectively. Models were validated for three years (2018-2020). Good agreements have been realized between actual and predicted yield with similar trends of deviation at pre - harvest stage. R2 values were 0.78 to 0.93 for both districts and stages respectively. Hence, these models can be used for forecasting cotton yield in mid – season (F1) and pre - harvest stage (F2) which is very useful to government authorities to plan the sugarcane production more efficiently. The estimated cotton yields during kharif, the year 2022 were 769 kg/ha and 870 kg/ha for F1 & F2 stage in Bharuch district and 1209 kg/ha and 1454 kg/ha for F1 & F2 stage in Surat district, respectively.
Study of Combining Ability in Association with Heterosis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kushal G. , Suresh J. , Sreedhar S. , Hari Y.
Published: August 2023

In the current investigation, eight lines KNM 12444, KNM 12469, KNM 12472, KNM 13449, KNM 13555, KNM 13568, KNM 14913 and KNM 14985 were crossed with four testers namely Aganni, IBT MRR 24, INRC 3021 and WGL 1119 in Line by Tester mating design during rabi season of 2021-22. The resultant 32 F1’stogether with parents and two commercial checks, KNM 118 and KNM 1638 were evaluated for their combining ability and heterosis at Agricultural Research Station, Kunaram during kharif season, 2022.The analysis of variance for combining ability specified that significant differences were observed due to lines, testers, F1’ hybrids and various interactions indicating the existence of wider adaptability in the material examined. The ratio of gca to sca variances showed that non-additive gene action was predominant in the inheritance of panicle length, plant height, number of productive tillers/plants, grain yield per plant, kernel length, kernel L/B ratio and incidence of gall midge, whereas, preponderance of additive gene action was noticed for 1000 grain weight, days to 50% flowering, number of filled grains per panicle, kernel breadth, hulling percentage, milling percentage and head rice recovery. The gca effects of the parents revealed that, the line KNM 13555 and the testers Aganni, IBT MRR 24 were found to be the best general combiners for single plant yield and its components. Based on the significant sca effects, per se performance, standard heterosis and gall midge incidence, KNM 12469/Aganni followed by KNM 13555/INRC 3021, KNM 13568/IBT MRR 24, KNM 12472/Aganni and KNM 13449/Aganni were identified as promising for single plant yield, its components, quality traits and gall midge incidence. Hence, these parents and F1 hybrids may be further tested for future crop improvement programme.
Development of Crop Yield Forecast Model for rabi Sugarcane in Different Districts of South Gujarat, India
Authors: Parmar Pravinsinh K. , Tak Vibha , Sabhani Khyati , Singh Narendra , Patel Abhinav N.
Published: August 2023

The present study was under taken to investigate the feasibility of estimating productivity of rabi sugarcane crop based on weather variables using past weather and yield records of different districts of South Gujarat. In the modeling used, it was considered as an independent variable. The generated weather variables were developed using weighted accumulation of fortnightly data on weather variable, weights being the correlation coefficient of the weather variables, in respective fortnights with the dependent variable, i.e. the yield of sugarcane yield. Forecasting models were developed using from a time series of 26 years (1995 96 to 2020-21) of weather and yield data of sugarcane crop in four Navsari, Bharuch, Surat and Tapi districts and their performance have been validated against the observed yield during 2018-19, 2019-20 and 2020-21. Results indicated that coefficient of determination (R2) values were 0.67 to 0.76 during mid-season (F1) stage and 0.76 to 0.91 during pre-harvest (F2) stage in four districts. Hence, these models can be used for forecasting sugarcane yield in preharvest stage which is very useful to government authorities to plan the sugarcane production more efficiently.
Response of Vermicompost and Neem Cake on Soil Health and Yield Attributes of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) var. Pusa Naubahar
Authors: Garg Akash , David Arun Alfred , Thomas Tarence , Rohitash  , Nachiketa
Published: August 2023

An experiment was carried out at during the Zaid season of 2021-22 at central research farm of Soil science and agriculture chemistry at different level of vermicompost and neem cake on soil health, growth and yield attributes of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.] var. Pusa Naubahar. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with nine treatment combinations of total 27 combination consisting of three vermicompost levels (0, 50 and 100%) and neem cake (0, 50 and 100%). In soil bulk density (Mg m-3) of soil was recorded 1.18 Mg m-3, particle density (Mg m-3) of soil was recorded 2.14 Mg m-3, pH of soil after harvesting 7.56, Electrical conductivity (dS m-1) after harvesting was 0.270, Organic carbon (%) of soil after harvesting was 54.5 , available nitrogen in soil was 276.49 kg ha-1 after harvesting, available phosphorus in soil was 30.74 kg ha-1 after harvesting , available potassium in soil was 262.65 kg ha-1 after harvesting   and highest was in T9 (100% NPK + 100% VC + 100% NC). It was observed that for post-harvest treatment T9 (100% NPK + 100% VC + 100% NC) was best in terms of growth, yield and economic parameters with maximum plant height 82.25 cm, number of leaves plant-1 26.19, number of branch plant-1 6.90, pods plant-1 79.50, pod yield 56.13 and maximum cost benefit ratio (C: B) of (1:2.52).
Phytochemical Profile of Cola pachycarpa K. Schum. (Malvaceae) Leaf and Stem Ethanol Extracts
Authors: Johnny I. I. , Ubengama E. E. , Umoh R. A. , Obasi O. I. , Udobre A. S. , Adefabi A. M. , Andy N. A. , Udofa E. J. , Iberi P. A. , Nyong E. E. , Nweke U. T. , Bassey M. E.
Published: August 2023

Background and Aim: Cola pachycarpa K. Schum. is a lesser-known member of the genus Cola called “Monkey kola” in the family Malvaceae. The leaf and fruit is used in the treatment and management of cancer in folklore medicine. The present study is carried out to explore the phytoconstituents present in the ethanolic extract of the leaf and stem of Cola pachycarpa by GC-MS analysis.

Methods: Leaf and stem were collected, identified, sliced, air-dried, pulverized, extracted with ethanol and concentrated using standard methods. The ethanolic extract of the extracts was used for the GC-MS analysis. QP2010SE Shimazu, Japan System GC-MS was used for the analysis. The compounds were identified by the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry. The molecular weight and structure of the compounds of test materials are ascertained by interpretation of the mass spectrum of GC-MS using the database of National Institute Standard and Technology (NIST).

Results: GC-MS analysis of the leaf and stem ethanol extracts of C. pachycarpa revealed the presence of 64 and 47 chemical constituents respectively which includes 1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl (31.34%), undecanal, 2-methyl (4.00%), phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy (4.18%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (3.35%) and vitamin E (5.15%) and the most abundant in the stem extract were: 1,4-Benzodioxin-6-sulfonamide,N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl- (30.10%), .alpha.D-Galactopyranoside, methyl (12.56%), Phenethylamine,.alpha.-ethyl- (10.96%), 4-Methylpiperazine-2-carboxylic acid (5.78%) and Guanosine (3.86%).

Conclusion: The presence of various bioactive compounds may be responsible for the application of Cola pachycarpa in the treatment and management of various ailments in folklore medicine. However, in vitro and in vitro studies, isolation of individual phytoconstituents and their mechanism of action may proceed to find a novel drug or lead compound for use as medicine.
Elements and Dimensions of Emergencies Preparedness and Response among Large Worship Centres in South-South Region of Nigeria
Authors: Yemi-Jonathan O. I. T. , Obafemi A. A. , Eludoyin O. S.
Published: August 2023

Good emergency response plans help ensure that appropriate actions are taken to minimize the effects of any loss. Considering the recent emergency events involving worship places in Nigeria, the study examined the emergency response preparedness measures in large worship centres in the South-South State capitals of Nigeria. With focus on worship centres with seating capacity above 1500, the study selected worship centres such as Full Life Christian Centre (Uyo), Living Faith Church (Port Harcourt), Salvation Ministry (Yenagoa) and Christ Embassy Summit (Benin) for the study. The study adopted cross-sectional survey research design based on questionnaire for data collection and analysis was done through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS v.21) using the descriptive (frequency count and table) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance-ANOVA). The result of the analysis indicated that worship centres agreed to have appointed personnel for risk monitoring and emergency team (92.9%) and established a proper and functioning communication protocol with the relevant government sector (86.1%). However, the worship centres have not developed initial response monitoring framework to facilitate timely preparation and monitoring in case of crisis (67.2%) and lack a written contingency plan, response and emergency preparedness document that is publicly available (58.0%). The statistical analysis of the study indicated that worship centres showed significant difference in protocols between the Church and the Government for requesting/accepting international assistance (where p < 0.05, p = 0.014). overall, the worship centres showed significant level of emergency preparedness and response; however, there is need for integrated approach towards infrastructural development planning towards optimizing their emergency capabilities.
Leveraging hunters as citizen scientists for monitoring non‐target species
Authors: DeCesare Nicholas J. , Podruzny Kevin M. , Gude Justin A.
Published: August 2023

Hunter populations can provide a tremendous workforce of citizen scientists afield when queried for data. Soliciting incidental observations of non‐target species from hunters may be a relatively important but untapped population monitoring resource in systems where hunter effort is common and widespread.

During 2012–2016, we queried hunters of deer and elk for observations of a non‐target species, moose, across their statewide distribution in Montana. We analysed data in an abundance‐detection framework with n‐mixture models and evaluated the effects of covariates such as hunter effort, survey response totals, weekly session and forest cover on detection probability before using models to predict moose abundance.

We collected an average of 3409 moose observations per year and our best n‐mixture model included effects of week, year (number of responses), site (proportionate forest cover) and site‐year (hunter effort) on detection probability, as well as an effect of site (area of forest and shrub habitat) on abundance. Density estimates averaged 0.099 (range 0.002–0.439) moose/km2 across sites or 0.200 (range 0.017–0.799) moose/km2 when limited to density within shrub and forest cover specifically. Statewide abundance totals across the 5‐year study period averaged 10,755 (range 9925–11,620). Goodness‐of‐fit tests showed that models were identifiable and overdispersion of the data was low, yet some caution is still warranted when extrapolating these data to abundance estimates.

Querying a sample of deer‐elk hunters for observations of a non‐target species yielded thousands of spatially georeferenced detections per year and analysis in a temporally structured framework yielded estimates of both detection probability and abundance. Abundance estimates at this scale are unprecedented for moose in Montana and are encouraging for long‐term monitoring over space and time.
SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and infection in ozanimod‐treated participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cree Bruce A. C. , Maddux Rachel , Bar‐Or Amit , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Kaur Amandeep , Brown Elizabeth , Li Yicong , Hu Yanhua , Sheffield James K. , Silva Diego , Harris Sarah
Published: August 2023

Objective

To investigate the serologic response, predictors of response, and clinical outcomes associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination and infection in ozanimod‐treated participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) from DAYBREAK.

Methods

DAYBREAK (ClinicalTrials.gov‐NCT02576717), an open‐label extension study of oral ozanimod 0.92 mg, enrolled participants aged 18–55 years with RMS who completed phase 1–3 ozanimod trials. Participants who were fully vaccinated against SARS‐CoV‐2 with mRNA or non‐mRNA vaccines, were unvaccinated, and/or had COVID‐19–related adverse events (AEs, with or without vaccination) and postvaccination serum samples were included (n = 288). Spike receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody levels (seroconversion: ≥0.8 U/mL) and serologic evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (nucleocapsid IgG: ≥1 U/mL) were assessed (Roche Elecsys/Cobas e411 platform).

Results

In fully vaccinated participants (n = 148), spike RBD antibody seroconversion occurred in 90% (n = 98/109) of those without serologic evidence of prior SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure (100% [n = 80/80] seroconversion after mRNA vaccination) and in 100% (n = 39/39) of participants with serologic evidence of viral exposure. mRNA vaccination predicted higher spike RBD antibody levels, whereas absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), age, body mass index, and sex did not. COVID‐19–related AEs were reported in 10% (n = 15/148) of fully vaccinated participants—all were nonserious and not severe; all participants recovered.

Interpretation

Most ozanimod‐treated participants with RMS mounted a serologic response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and infection, regardless of participant characteristics or ALC levels. In this analysis, all COVID‐19–related AEs post–full vaccination in participants taking ozanimod were nonserious and not severe.
Rapport‐building in multiple interviews of children
Authors: Waterhouse Genevieve F. , Ridley Anne M. , Bull Ray , Satchell Liam , Wilcock Rachel
Published: August 2023

Rapport‐building is key in child investigative interviews, however, recommendations of how to build rapport differ. Additionally, rapport in more complex situations: when a child is interviewed repeatedly or requires separate rapport building have not been studied. This research examined the UK's ‘Achieving Best Evidence’ guidelines for rapport‐building, which recommend conducting a neutral discussion, compared with a control condition and a separate rapport‐building session for first interviews on children's recall and well‐being (measured by state anxiety and rapport questionnaires). For second and third interviews, additional full rapport‐building sessions were compared to shortened or no rapport‐building conditions. No significant differences in children's (N = 107) recall or well‐being were found across rapport‐building conditions for all interviews. We conclude that for children who have experienced non‐traumatic events, the inclusion of a neutral discussion rapport‐building phase may not be any more beneficial for children than conducting a friendly interview.
Passivation Behavior of Water‐Quenched and Heat‐Treated Ti–6Al–4V in Hank's Solution
Authors: Yu Lei , Zhu Jin-Ling , Zhang Lina , Liang Shun-Xin , Cheng Jun , Chen Liang-Yu
Published: August 2023

Ti–6Al–4V is a prevalent material utilized in various industrial applications, and its microstructure modification commences with quenching, followed by diverse heat treatments. Although many works have concentrated on the mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V with tailored microstructures resulting from heat treatments, their corresponding corrosion behavior still lacks attention. In this study, the corrosion behavior of water‐quenched Ti–6Al–4V that undergoes heat treatment between 700 and 850 °C in Hank's solution is investigated. Various electrochemical methods, such as open‐circuit potential tests, potentiodynamic/potentiostatic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Mott–Schottky tests, are jointly employed. The water‐quenched Ti–6Al–4V displays a quick‐cooling microstructure with a plentiful amount of martensite α/α′ phase. Heat treatment at 700 °C significantly alters the microstructures of the samples. Due to competitive factors, heat treatment at low temperatures results in uneven alloy composition, leading to poor uniformity of the passive film. At this phase, negative effects dominate, and the corrosion resistance of the samples deteriorates. When the heat‐treatment temperature increases to 850 °C, the content of β phase, which possesses better corrosion resistance, increases and becomes dominant. Consequently, the corrosion resistance of the samples improves in Hank's solution.
Metal–Organic Frameworks for Water Desalination
Authors: Dutta Subhajit , de Luis Roberto Fernández , Goscianska Joanna , Demessence Aude , Ettlinger Romy , Wuttke Stefan
Published: August 2023

Rapid industrialization and ever‐increasing global population culminate in continuous upsurge in freshwater crisis worldwide. The most reliable and promising solution to this crisis is utilizing sea‐water as the freshwater source, and desalination technologies pave the way for efficient production of freshwater from sea‐water. In this regard, membrane‐based desalination method comes forth owing to its' efficient separation, operational ease, and low‐energy consumption. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), the most explored crystalline porous materials, show tremendous promise as membrane‐materials for desalination owing to their structural diversity, tunability, and porous voids which provide secondary water channels. Given significant advances are made in MOF‐materials for desalination in the past few years, it is crucial to systematically summarize the recent progress and development of this field. In this review, a brief overview of various saline water systems and prerequisites for desalination are first presented. Then, advanced fabrication strategies MOF‐membranes followed by the recent progress in MOF‐materials for various desalination processes such as reverse osmosis and forward osmosis are systematically summarized. Finally, the authors’ perspectives on the unsolved scientific and technical challenges and opportunities for MOF‐integrated membranes toward real‐world implementation are proposed. With further systematic development, MOF‐materials promise to provide an ideal platform for next‐generation desalination technology.