bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Promotional Effects in Sales Planning of the Retail Industry Using Geometric Programming
Authors: Khandan Melika , Hoseinpour Pooya
Published: November 2024

This paper addresses the challenge faced by managers in the fast-moving consumer goods industry: the joint optimization of promotion prices and the scheduling of promotion vehicles for multiple items to boost total profit. We first propose a general multiplicative demand function that encompasses all crossperiod effects, crossitem effects, promotion vehicle effects, and crossterm effects of promotion vehicles. Then, we formulate the problem of planning sales promotions, simultaneously using price reductions and promotion vehicles, considering several business rules as constraints. To efficiently solve this mixed-integer nonlinear program, we reformulate it as a convex optimization form by using the demand function’s multiplicative structure and the concept of geometric programming. Furthermore, to reduce the running time of the large-scale instances, we develop a Lagrangian decomposition algorithm, dividing the original model into a geometric program and an integer program. The algorithm significantly improves computational efficiency as evidenced by a reduction in running time from 8,125 to 78 seconds for large-scale instances. Finally, utilizing real sales data from a meal delivery company, we demonstrate that applying the convex promotion optimization model allows the company to increase its profits by roughly 21% compared with scenarios where neither price reductions nor promotion vehicles are utilized.

History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete.

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0275 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0275 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Self-Regulation for Reputation-Sensitive Buyers: SA8000 in China
Authors: Distelhorst Greg , Stroehle Judith C. , Yang Duanyi
Published: November 2024

Industries and firms have diverse motives for adopting self-regulatory institutions. This research develops and tests propositions about one motive—exploiting opportunities to do business with reputation-sensitive buyers—as distinct from self-regulation to defend against regulatory or activist threats. To study the adoption and effects of self-regulation for reputation-sensitive buyers, we study the SA8000 socially responsible employment certification among large firms in China in the early 2000s. Using official longitudinal industrial microdata, we test hypotheses generated by this assumed motive for self-regulation and find that (a) despite concerns about the corruptibility of certification bodies, SA8000 adopters in China exhibited higher precertification worker wages than comparable nonadopters, (b) self-regulation led to increased employment and sales to foreign markets, where reputation-sensitive buyers are concentrated, (c) the positive effect on exports was greater than the (insignificant, negatively signed) effect on domestic sales, and (d) there is no evidence that self-regulation increased worker wages beyond the initial high start. Contrasting these findings with prior research on industry self-regulation for other motives, this study highlights how both adoption patterns and downstream effects differ according to the audience for self-regulation.

This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.01306 .
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: not all hypoxemia during COVID-19 is the same
Authors: Ramachandran Ramitha , Balagopal Anuroop , Umesh Nilanjan , Karthika Manjush
Published: November 2024

Hypoxemia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is not solely due to alveolar damage but can also involve factors like vascular shunts, such as pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, contributing to persistent hypoxemia. We report a case of a 59-year-old male, with COVID-19 pneumonia, requiring high-flow respiratory support, who later was also diagnosed with a large pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, which probably worsened because of COVID-19 infection.
A posterior cranial fossa lesion mimicking myasthenia gravis
Authors: Shah Syed Wajihullah , Khalil Maryam , Iqbal Mansoor , Kundi Arham Arif , Hassaan Muhammad
Published: November 2024

A 41-year-old male with prior diagnosis of seronegative myasthenia gravis presented with complaints of bilateral ptosis, dysphagia, nasal voice and nasal regurgitation. Despite treatment with pyridostigmine, there was lack of significant improvement in the symptoms. Further investigations, including antibody assays and nerve conduction studies did not support the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion in the posterior cranial fossa, consistent with meningioma, which was compressing surrounding structures. This case highlights the importance of imaging techniques and considering alternative diagnosis in patients with unusual presentations to ensure appropriate management.
Preparing EFL pre service teachers for inclusive teaching: The students' perception on the outcome-based evaluation of the introduction to inclusive education course
Authors: Kirana Novera Putri , Lintangsari Alies Poetri , Emaliana Ive
Published: November 2024

Inclusive Education has been an emerging initiative in Indonesia, yet, the implementation of it in English Language Teaching is less explored. English Language Education Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, Universitas Brawijaya has initiated a course called Introduction to Inclusive Education to prepare students with inclusive teaching competencies. This course has been implemented for 2 years, a course evaluation needs to be carried out to evaluate and improve the course quality. This present study reports the evaluation of the aforementioned course with the Framework of Outcome Based Education from the students’ perspective. Inviting 129 students enrolled in the course, this research revealed that most of students agreed that this course has met their expectation toward the offered competencies (M=3,25), positive perception toward course activities (M=3,12), positive perception toward the benefits of course materials (M=3,19), and positive perception toward tutor performance (M=3.2). Surprisingly, despite the students' agreement on the usefulness of the courses, they also acknowledged that the course materials are pretty difficult (M=3,15). The result of this course evaluation shed a light on the importance of adjusting the materials to be more achievable by the students so they have confidence in implementing inclusive teaching practices.
OpenAI ChatGPT vs Google Gemini: A study of AI chatbots’ writing quality evaluation and plagiarism checking
Authors: Kotmungkun Siraprapa , Chompurach Wichuta , Thaksanan Piriya
Published: November 2024

This study explores the writing quality of two AI chatbots, OpenAI ChatGPT and Google Gemini. The research assesses the quality of the generated texts based on five essay models using the T.E.R.A. software, focusing on ease of understanding, readability, and reading levels using the Flesch-Kincaid formula. Thirty essays were generated, 15 from each chatbot, and evaluated for plagiarism using two free detection tools—SmallSEOTools and Check-Plagiarism—as well as one paid tool, Turnitin. The findings revealed that both ChatGPT and Gemini performed well in terms of word concreteness but demonstrated weaknesses in narrativity. ChatGPT showed stronger performance in referential and deep cohesion, while Gemini excelled in narrativity, syntactic simplicity and word concreteness. However, a significant concern was the degree of plagiarism detected in texts from both AI tools, with ChatGPT's essays exhibiting a higher likelihood of plagiarism compared to Gemini’s. These findings highlight the potential limitations and risks associated with using AI-generated writing.
Capturing Psuedo-Innovation in ELT: The Analysis of implementing Differentiated Learning to suburban Private Madrasahs
Authors: AlFath Muhammad Sandy , Putri Nikmah Sistia Eka
Published: November 2024

The implementation of differentiated learning in private madrasahs raises a big question mark regarding the suitability between theory and practice in the field. The principle of differentiated learning, which is claimed to accommodate diversity, turns out to be far different when implemented, especially in private madrasahs that are transitioning from the previous curriculum. The main purpose of this research is to explore the illusory construction of innovation in differentiated English learning that results in pseudo-innovation.
The approach used is a qualitative approach with the type of ethnography. The research was conducted in 4 private madrasahs in the suburbs of Sampit city. The research subjects were English teachers who implemented differentiated learning in the four madrasas. The stage analysis process was assisted by the theory of innovation-decision process by Everett Rogers.
The results of this study show that (1) the illusion of innovation in differentiated English learning occurs because the stages of the innovation diffusion decision process cause anomalies in the process. (2) Madrasahs are forced to follow the decision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs which requires the implementation of an independent curriculum including differentiated learning which results in madrasahs being trapped in pseudo-innovation. (3) Madrasahs are registered as institutions that implement differentiated learning. However, in practice, madrasahs still adopt old learning and ignore innovations because they are not considered to be following the characteristics of the madrasah itself. (4) this research implies that it will be an evaluation material for the Ministry of Religious Affairs to pay more attention to private madrasahs in implementing differentiated learning. (5) Confirming pseudo-innovation
Remote laboratory development for online learning of modern physics experiments: initial development
Authors: Ishafit Ishafit , Sriyanto Sriyanto , Indratno Toni Kus , Sukarelawan Moh. Irma , Prabowo Yoga Dwi
Published: November 2024

This study aims to design, develop, and test the quality of the remote laboratory system for online physics experimental learning on modern physics. The research used the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The analysis was carried out by studying the literature on curriculum texts and recommendations from the Physics Education Association regarding laboratory learning. The product was designed by adopting the basic architecture of remote laboratory systems developed in science. Product development was undertaken to produce laboratory equipment, a graphical user interface with LabVIEW, and an e-learning system with Moodle. A remote laboratory system of data acquisition and e-learning tools on modern physics topics has been successfully developed with good-quality results. It is suitable for use in supporting online learning of modern physics experiments. The implications of this research show that the developed remote laboratory system can be an effective solution to support online learning of modern physics experiments, offering a high-quality alternative for physics teaching in the digital age.
Representation of subaltern women in Pad Man: Against the silencing of women's rights and voices
Authors: Suandi Susnita Leoni
Published: November 2024

In patriarchal silence, "Pad Man" defends oppressed voices. The film reveals inequalities and promotes societal change. This study uses Gayatri Spivak's postcolonial review to examine subaltern women's portrayal. This qualitative study analyzes the story and visuals of "Pad Man," which represents subaltern Indian people and their struggles. We selected movie sequences and examined their characters, narratives, and messages for research. This study discovered various evidence of patriarchal culture's oppression of women in India and limited access to women. "Pad Man" portrays women within patriarchal culture, highlights societal stigma, and advocates for women's liberation. This film also addresses India's reproductive health information gap. This film empowers subalterns, especially in India, by telling their experience. This examination also scrutinizes the film's impact on societal awareness, transformation, and gender equality.
Exploring the correlation between translation methods and quality in Mandarin-Indonesian: A case study
Authors: Supriyadi Francisca Akhidnasiwi , Junining Esti , Yulianto Wawan Eko
Published: November 2024

This study examines how approaches affect the quality of translating the Mandarin children's narrative "对小虎的称赞" into Indonesian. This study examines how approaches affect translation quality. This study investigates how approaches affect Mandarin-to-Indonesian children's story translation quality, unlike earlier studies. This study uses qualitative research. This study found that the most common method of translating source data into the target language was literal translation. 87.70% of the data underwent literal translation, exhibiting average readability, accuracy, and acceptability. The average readability, correctness, and acceptability of semantic translation, 3.45% of total data, was good. Free translation comprised 49 cases (5.63% of total data) with worse readability, accuracy, and acceptability. We applied communicative translation to 0.92% of the data, which was readable, accurate, and acceptable. Faithful translation had 13 occurrences (1.49% of total data) of illegible, inaccurate, and poor translation. We adapted 0.57% of the data with legible, accurate, and acceptable translations. According to these data, translation method choice strongly impacts translation quality.
Vicissitudes do Direito: do liberalismo à crise da social-democracia
Authors: Castro Marcus Faro de
Published: November 2024

Ao longo dos últimos anos, juízes, promotores e advogados tornaram-se importantes atores, com influência crucial sobre a estruturação e as repercussões práticas de relevantes conflitos políticos, bem como sobre a conformação de aspectos das instituições em função dos quais têm se definido estratégias políticas de diferentes grupos e políticas econômicas no Brasil. Temas jurídicos passaram a ter lugar proeminente no debate público, mas pouco avanço tem sido feito no sentido de explorar as relações que se estabelecem entre as ideias e instituições jurídicas, a democracia e temas de economia política. Iniciando com uma discussão sobre o surgimento da democracia liberal e suas raízes nos debates relevantes de filosofia política, este ensaio descreve a evolução das relações entre instituições jurídicas, econômicas e políticas como meio de caracterizar a atual crise do direito brasileiro, relacionando-a à crise da social-democracia.
La Inteligencia Artificial: Su alcance y falta de regulación jurídica y ética
Authors: Sanromán Roberto
Published: November 2024

Los avances de la tecnología han sido muy rápidos, de ello resulta el nacimiento de la Inteligencia Artificial, - vgr: computadoras programadas con algoritmos[1] o ecuaciones, formulas, metodologías para automatizar actividades cotidianas, donde el producto final puede ser la toma de decisiones, como si las estuviera haciendo el ser humano - sin embargo, su regulación jurídica ha sido mucho más lenta. El problema es que actualmente existen muchas lagunas jurídicas sobre su regulación, por eso es importante aplicar normas derivadas de distintos códigos y leyes e incluso de las condiciones prestablecidas por una de las partes cuando se celebre un contrato.  En la medida que se legisle de modo específico y completo al respecto se irán solucionando dichas lagunas. No hay que olvidar que el hombre con la inteligencia artificial alimenta las computadoras y a través de algoritmos las computadoras exploran diferentes datos contenidos en las mismas, es decir es su creador por eso resultará difícil poder sustituir de manera completa la parte sensible, emocional y valorativa sentimental, con valores éticos esenciales del ser humano, vgr. Un dilema ético complicado, entre otros aspectos.  [1] 1. m. Conjunto ordenado y finito de operaciones que permite hallar la solución de un problema. Diccionario de la Lengua Española. (2021) Real Academia Española. Madrid. Consultado el 13 de abril de 2022. En el sitio: https://dle.rae.es/algoritmo?m=form
An Application of Machine-Learning-Oriented Radiomics Model in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) Early Diagnosis
Authors: Qiu Gao , Dai Zengzheng , Zhang Hua
Published: November 2024

Aims/Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common and aggressive form of kidney cancer, where early diagnosis is crucial for improving prognosis and treatment outcomes. Radiomics, which utilizes machine learning techniques, presents a promising approach in medical imaging for the early detection and characterization of such conditions. This study aims to explore the clinical utility of a machine-learning-based radiomics model in the early diagnosis of ccRCC.

Methods Case data and abdominal computed tomography (CT) tumour images of patients with ccRCC were obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) database. The dataset included 31 cases in the training set (19 males and 12 females, with an average age of 58.1 years) and 13 cases in the validation set (8 males and 5 females, with an average age of 69.6 years). The volume of interest (VOI) was manually delineated, slice by slice, along the tumour’s edge in cross-sectional images of ccRCC. Radiomics features were extracted from each region of interest (ROI) using the “PyRadiomics” plug-in in 3D Slicer software (version 5.1.0, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA). Feature selection was performed using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis, followed by 10-fold cross-validation. The selected radiomics features were then used to construct prediction models based on two different supervised machine learning algorithms: logistic regression and random forest. The diagnostic performance of these models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves. Finally, clinical data were integrated with the radiomics features to enhance the prediction model.

Results A total of 44 radiomics features were ultimately selected to establish the prediction model based on the training set results. Among the two machine learning models, the logistic regression model demonstrated superior diagnostic performance. An evaluation of model establishment, considering both individual radiomics features (DifferenceVariance, JointEnergy.1, JointEntropy.2, MeanAbsoluteDeviation.7, SmallAreaHighGrayLevelEmphasis.7) and clinical data, indicated that the logistic regression model was stable and exhibited strong diagnostic performance, good calibration, and clinical applicability in patients with ccRCC. When clinical data were combined with radiomics features in the model, the area under the curve (AUC) reached 0.969, with an optimal threshold of –2.290, and sensitivity and specificity values of 89.3% and 95.2%, respectively. The calibration curve also confirmed that the logistic regression model had high calibration accuracy and greater clinical application value.

Conclusion This machine-learning-based radiomics prediction model demonstrated significant value in the early diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
Differential Impacts of Invasive Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Conservative Strategy on Elderly Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Analysis of Short-Term and Long-Term Survival
Authors: Li Xinjian , Li Fadong , Wang Yue , Meng Rui , Wang Shen , Li Song , Wu Xiaofan
Published: November 2024

Aims/Background The present study investigated the short-term and long-term outcomes of an invasive strategy in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and a conservative strategy in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients older than 80 years, with the aim to identify the strategy that is more beneficial than the other to this demographic population.

Methods A total of 139 patients from Beijing Anzhen Hospital and the Cao County People’s Hospital were included in this study, comprising those aged >80 years and diagnosed with NSTEMI between 2017 and 2022. The main observation indicator was all-cause death, whereas the secondary indicators included composite endpoint events of recurrent myocardial infarction, need for urgent revascularization, recurrent angina, stroke, death, and major bleeding.

Results Among these participants, 72 patients received PCI while the rest (n = 67) received the conservative treatment. Compared to patients who received the conservative treatment, patients who received PCI had significantly lower rates of all-cause mortality during hospitalization and 30 days of follow-up.

Conclusion Our findings support that patients older than 80 years with NSTEMI can benefit from PCI compared to the conservative treatment.
Chicago Centre Stage
Authors: Stone Tom
Published: November 2024

ALL EYES WILL BE ON THE WINDY CITY IN AUGUST AS iVT EXPO RETURNS TO SHOWCASE THE VERY LATEST IN OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLE INNOVATION AND BEGINS A NEW COLLABORATION WITH THE NATIONAL FLUID POWER ASSOCIATION (NFPA)… OH, AND THERE’S ANOTHER CONVENTION IN TOWN, TOO
Impact of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the growth performance and resistance enzymes of tatsoi mustard in a hydroponic system
Authors: ANASTASYA NABILLA ALYA , PUTRA ANTON MEILUS , RACHMAWATI SHOLIKAH WIDYANITTA , TRIANTI IRISA , SETIAWAN ADI , ABADI ABDUL LATIEF , AINI LUQMAN QURATA
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Anastasya NA, Putra AM, Rachmawati SW, Trianti I, Setiawan A, Abadi AL, Aini LQ. 2024. Impact of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the growth performance and resistance enzymes of tatsoi mustard in a hydroponic system. Biodiversitas 25: 3309-3317. Hydroponic system faces some problems in greenhouse cultivation including various biotic and abiotic stresses. Applying plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in hydroponic systems can alleviate those problems by serving as nutrient providers, plant growth promoters, and maintaining plant resilience. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate PGPB strains for their potential to enhance plant growth and induce plant defense-related enzymes and compounds in tatsoi mustard plants (Brassica narinosa L.H. Bailey) when cultivated in a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of seven treatments and three replications. The treatments included P1: control with AB mix only; P2: Pseudomonas versuta UB36; P3: Pseudomonas aeruginosa UB52; P4: Pseudomonas lundensis UB53; P5: Pseudomonas migulae UB54; P6: Enterococcus gallinarum UB55 and; P7: Lysinibacillus fusiformis UB64. Based on the results, it was concluded that application of PGPB on tatsoi mustard promoted plant growth and production in hydroponic systems, which was shown in the treatment of P. ludensis UB53, P. migulae UB54, and L. fusiformis UB64. In addition, inoculation of PGPB strains induced resistance enzymes and compounds, namely phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (PO) enzymes, and phenolic compounds in tatsoi mustard plants. P. ludensis UB53, P. migulae UB54, Enterococcus gallinarum UB55, and L. fusiformis UB64 showed higher activity in inducing plant resistance enzymes and compounds. Thus, these results suggested that PGPB improved tatsoi plant resistance against biotic as well as abiotic stresses and has the potential to be developed as an effective strategy for pest and disease management and increasing crop yield of tatsoi mustard grown in hydroponic systems.
Novel exploration of the presence and morphological features Spirometra (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Javan spitting cobra snakes (Naja sputatrix) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Authors: EDILA RYANKA , EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , SUWANTI LUCIA TRI , KWON HYUCK-KEUN , AGUMAH NNABUIFE BERNARD
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Edila R, Effendi MH, Suwanti LT, Kwon H-K, Agumah NB. 2024. Novel exploration of the presence and morphological features Spirometra (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Javan spitting cobra snakes (Naja sputatrix) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3318-3324. The study aimed to investigate the presence of spargana infection and provide a detailed description of the morphology, morphometry and histology in Javan spitting cobra snakes (Naja sputatrix Boie 1827) from Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Ethical approval was obtained and 51 living wild-caught N. sputatrix were collected from local sellers. All samples were euthanized and observed for the presence of plerocercoid. Identification of the plerocercoid as the larval infective stage was made using a carmine staining method drawn by using a camera lucida and routine histological study using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The positive rate of snakes in this study was 54.9%. A total of 165 spargana were collected which divided 82(49.6%) infecting muscles, 31 (16.7%) in viscera and 52 (31.5%) located in subcutaneous tissues. The plerocercoid length and width were 50-95 mm and 1.42-1.81 mm. Morphological analysis confirmed Spirometra characteristics and histological sections provided insights into spargana's structural complexity. This study represents the first detailed exploration of the morphological features, morphometry, and histology of Spirometra plerocercoids in Indonesia. The high prevalence of spargana in N. sputatrix underscores the importance of improving epidemiological databases, stringent wildlife trade regulations, and awareness programs to prevent sparganosis in Indonesia.
Plankton distribution, abundance, diversity, and its potential in the tropical man-made lakes of Kenyir and Temenggor in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: OTHMAN FAISAL , YUSLAN AMIRAH , SUHAIMI HIDAYU , AZANI NIZALMIE , KAMAL ABU HENA MUSTAFA , SAH AMIR SHAH RUDDIN M. D. , RASDI NADIAH W.
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Othman F, Yuslan A, Suhaimi H, Azani N, Kamal AHM, Sah ASRMD, Rasdi NW. 2024. Plankton distribution, abundance, diversity, and its potential in the tropical man-made lakes of Kenyir and Temenggor in Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 3342-3358. Kenyir and Temenggor Lakes, the largest artificial lakes in Malaysia, are the focus of this study due to their unique ecological characteristics and the limited information available. The study aimed to determine the diversity and abundance of plankton in various habitat ecosystems along Kenyir Lake and Temenggor Lake. The selection of three distinct sampling points, namely sampling point A (coastal zone), sampling point B (lotic zone), and sampling point C (lentic zone), was a strategic decision to ensure a comprehensive representation of the diverse habitat conditions. Samples were collected horizontally using a 30-micrometer-sized plankton net. At Kenyir Lake, thirty-two phytoplankton species were recorded, the major division of phytoplankton, with two hundred twenty-eight individuals belonging to Charophyta (43.75%). For zooplankton, Arthropoda (83.3%) was the highest recorded. At Temenggor Lake, thirty-one species of phytoplankton were recorded. The major division with one hundred sixty-five individuals belonging to Charophyta (32.3%). For zooplankton, the major division with two hundred forty-two individuals belonging to Arthropoda (82.4%). The Shannon diversity index, evenness, and species richness measurements revealed a range of index values due to variation in plankton species due to interaction and habitat conditions. The variation in planktonic abundance in Kenyir Lake and Temenggor Lake was attributed to their habitat preferences due to the freshwater lake's ecosystem's different zones and conditions.
Endophytic bacterial isolate diversity in suboptimal field rice and their potential in sheath blight control
Authors: PRIHATININGSIH NUR , RAHAYUNIATI RUTH FETI , DJATMIKO HERU ADI , LESTARI PUJI , WULANSARI NUR KHOLIDA , WIDNYANA I KETUT , SUTANTO KOKO DWI
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Prihatiningsih N, Rahayuniati RF, Djatmiko HA, Lestari P, Wulansari NK, Widnyana IK, Sutanto KD. 2024. Endophytic bacterial isolate diversity in suboptimal field rice and their potential in sheath blight control. Biodiversitas 25: 3359-3367. Rice root endophytic bacteria from suboptimal fields rice are beneficial for controlling plant pathogens. The present research aimed to characterize morphology and biochemical properties, identify secondary metabolites of rice root endophytic bacteria and evaluate their potential as biocontrol for sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The present study focused on five endophytic bacteria, specifically Bacillus sp., with white colonies, rod-shaped cells, Gram-positive characteristics, and catalase-positive. These bacteria were selected from rice root samples due to their potential as antagonists against the pathogenic fungus R. solani. The inhibition potential of endophytes against R. solani was determined by measuring the radius of the fungal colony in the presence of the endophytic bacteria isolates. Among them, NP KR4 showed the highest inhibition percentage of 46.00 ± 6.25%, which was attributed to the antibiosis mechanism causing hyphal swelling. A molecular test using the 16S rRNA gene was conducted to determine the isolates' genetic identity. Comparing the gene sequences with those in the genetic database, it was found that NP A5, NP KR4, and NP KR7 isolates were similar to B. subtilis strain 2JKP676166, although with a few base pair differences. NP A6 exhibited a close relation to B. subtilis strain YT2 HQ143571, while NP SB3 was identified as B. subtilis subsp. stercoris strain EG1265MN704551. Further analysis of the endophytic bacteria's secondary metabolites through Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, alcohols, and fatty acids. Among the isolates, NP KR4 demonstrated the highest biocontrol effectiveness against sheath blight, with an efficacy of 58.74%. Overall, the results indicated that the rice root endophytic bacteria isolated from suboptimal fields possess multiple contemporary traits, including antifungal activity and strain-specific differences as Bacillus subtilis. These findings suggest promising prospects for developing bio-fungicide formulations to promote sustainable rice production.
Bacterial diversity in different growing mediums of oil palm seedlings associated with potassium use efficiency
Authors: WENING SRI , SETIOWATI RETNO DIAH , PRATIWI DIAN RAHMA , PANGARIBUAN IKHWAN FADLI , GINTING EKO NOVIANDI
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Wening S, Setiowati RD, Pratiwi DR, Pangaribuan IF, Ginting EN. Bacterial diversity in different growing mediums of oil palm seedlings associated with potassium use efficiency. Biodiversitas 25: 3386-3393. Plant genotype, environmental conditions, and agronomical practices influence nutrient use efficiency. Understanding whether specific microbial communities support the nutrient use efficiency of specific genotypes is very important. This study aimed to understand the bacterial diversity in three different growing mediums of oil palm seedlings with potassium-use efficient characters. The three kinds of medium were medium 1 (sandy soil, recommended dose of fertilizer except for potassium (75% of a recommended dose of potassium)); medium 2 (sandy soil, recommended dose of fertilizer except for potassium (0% of potassium)); and medium 3 (topsoil, recommended dose of fertilizer at five months after planting). A metagenomic approach was conducted using a long-read sequencing platform, allowing the full-length 16S rRNA gene to be sequenced. The alpha diversity analysis showed that medium 3 had the most identified species, while medium 2 had the lowest. Based on the relative abundance, Lactobacillus helveticus was the most abundant species, and Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus in medium 1. Ralstonia pickettii was the most abundant species, and Dyella was the most abundant genus in medium 2. For medium 3, Chujaibacter soli was the most abundant species that dominated the bacteria community, and Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus. These findings were related to the bacteria's function in the respective medium for plant nutrient uptake or utilization. The number of shared species between medium 1 and medium 3 was the highest compared to other medium compositions. It suggested the specific relationship of the potassium-use efficient seedling with the characteristic of the growing medium and the most abundant species or genus of bacteria found. Further research is needed to understand the interactions and influences of bacteria and other microorganisms in the mediums, and the specific genus or species found in potassium-use efficient oil palm seedling mediums.
A first investigation on tricolor langur (Presbytis chrysomelas subsp. cruciger) exhibits significant terrestrial activity in their natural habitat
Authors: SUTOPO SUTOPO , SANTOSO NYOTO , MARDIASTUTI ANI , MULYANI YENI ARYATI
Published: November 2024

cruciger) exhibits significant terrestrial activity in their natural habitat. Biodiversitas 24: 3431-3440. Until now, it has only been reported that the tricolor langur (Presbytis chrysomelas subsp. cruciger Thomas 1892) is a semi-terrestrial primate, but there has never been any proof from their natural habitat that they actually engage in ground-level activities. This research aims to investigate terrestrial daily activity and the daily time budget for the tricolor langur. To determine the duration and type of their natural behaviors, observations using camera traps. This research was conducted from July 2022 to June 2023 in the lowland forest around the foot of Semujan Hill, which is part of the Danau Sentarum National Park Area, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results of observations using camera traps showed that the one group langurs engaged in terrestrial activities for 5,830 seconds and arboreal activities in the tree canopy for 15,160 seconds. The percentage of total time recorded by the camera traps indicates that terrestrial activity accounts for only 34% of the total recorded time. The most dominant activities during both terrestrial and arboreal activities were eating and locomotion, with the rest being grooming, resting, and playing. The findings of this research contribute to our understanding of primate behavior, highlight effective methods for observing primates in their natural habitat, especially the Presbytis group and raise awareness among park managers and local communities. It is important that langurs are not disturbed during their terrestrial activities to ensure their continued presence and population growth in the study area.
Antibacterial activity and compound identification of Eurya acuminata leaf fractions against bacteria-causing skin infections
Authors: ALAMSJAH FESKAHARNY , AGUSTIEN ANTHONI , SINURAT ARTHAULY YOPITA , MUQARRAMAH MUFIDHATUL
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Alamsjah F, Agustien A, Sinurat AY, Muqarramah M. 2024. Antibacterial activity and compound identification of Eurya acuminata leaf fractions against bacteria-causing skin infections. Biodiversitas 25: 3441-3448. Antibiotics previously used to treat skin infections have recently been ineffective due to pathogenic bacteria resistance, and the discovery of antibacterial agents derived from medicinal plants is a breakthrough. Eurya acuminata DC. is a member of the Pentaphylacaceae family and has efficacy values as a medicinal plant used in traditional medicines. This study aims to analyze the antibacterial activity of fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) of E. acuminata against bacteria causing skin infections and identify the chemical components of active fractions. A diffusion test was conducted for the antibacterial test. TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) was used to determine the chemical components of the fractions. The fraction with the highest level of antibacterial activity was subjected to additional analysis using diffusion and LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry). The antibacterial test showed that hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions were active against bacteria, with the ethyl acetate fraction having the highest activity. The TLC profile and the diffusion assay of the ethyl acetate fraction showed that spot number 4 with an Rf 1,00 had antibacterial activity. Identification of the compounds of the ethyl acetate fraction by LC-MS/MS resulted in identified compounds such as acacetin, kaempferol, peonidin, chrysoeriol, nobiletin, luteolin, and antroquinonol. This study demonstrates a new hope for further research into natural antibacterial agents, and it is a breakthrough with these phytochemicals.
Characteristics and antibacterial potency of actinomycetes isolated from nypa palm litter
Authors: KURNIATUHADI RIKHSAN , SETYAWATI TRI RIMA , YANTI ARI HEPI , FADHILA ANNISA
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Kurniatuhadi R, Setyawati TR, Yanti AH, Fadhila A. 2024. Characteristics and antibacterial potency of actinomycetes isolated from nypa palm litter. Biodiversitas 25: 3449-3459. Actinomycetes are ubiquitous bacteria which are known to produce secondary metabolites with bioprospecting potential as antibacterial agents. This research aimed to qualitatively determine the density and diversity of this group, as well as the antibacterial potential of actinomycetes from nypa palm (Nypa fruticans (Thunb.) Wurmb.) litter. Isolation was performed using the pretreatment pour plate method, which involved wet heat treatment using a selective starch casein agar (SCA) medium. Actinomycetes density was calculated using the standard plate count (SPC). The isolated microorganisms where characterized based on macroscopic, microscopic characters, and biochemical tests. Potential antibacterial activity against Aeromonas sp. NrBF9 was qualitatively assessed employing the cross-streak method. The results showed that actinomycetes accounted for 11% of the total bacterial density. Macroscopic screening of the isolates’ colony characteristics revealed the successful retrieval and culture of eight isolates. All isolates exhibited similar characteristics to those of the genus Pseudonocardia. Six out of the eight isolates, coded as TCN1, TCN2, TCN4, TCN5, TCN6, and TCN7, could inhibit the activity of Aeromonas sp. NrBF9, resulting in the formation of a clear zone surrounding of colonies. The six isolates of Pseudonocardia with antibacterial activity have the potential to be developed as feed additives for nypa palm worm aquaculture.
Fauna of arboreal Hemiptera in South-Eastern Kazakhstan
Authors: KORGANBEK KHAKNAZAR , ESENBEKOVA PERIZAT
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Korganbek K, Esenbekova P. 2024. Fauna of arboreal Hemiptera in South-Eastern Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 25: 3460-3467. Arboreal hemipterans are a part of the living world, occupying a special place in natural food chain and contact with many living organisms in nature. The purpose of the research is to study and describe the fauna of arboreal hemipterans in the South-Eastern Kazakhstan region. This research was conducted according to various methods generally accepted in the field of entomology. Also materials were processed in laboratory conditions. Samples were collected from 48 locations in South-Eastern Kazakhstan. In total, 939 specimens were collected, including 442 males (47%), 429 females (46%) and 68 nymphs (7%). As a result of the study, 57 species of arboreal hemipterans belonging to 9 families were identified in South-Eastern Kazakhstan. They are Miridae (15 species), Pentatomidae (11 species), Acanthosomatidae (8 species), Lygaeidae (7 species), Anthocoridae (6 species), Nabidae (4 species), Aradidae (4 species), Reduviidae (3 species), Tingidae (2 species). In addition, the article provides information about the nutritional relationships, the number of generations they give per year (voltinism), and the habitats of arboreal hemipterans. Information about the biology of arboreal hemipterans plays an important role in assessing the stability of the biodiversity in the area where they live.
Relationship analysis and genetic diversity of tea Camellia sinensis germplasm from illegitimate seeds based on morphological characters
Authors: MAXISELLY YUDITHIA , BAKTI CITRA , MURGAYANTI MURGAYANTI , ERNAH ERNAH , WAHYUDIN ABDILLAH AZZAM , PRAYOGA MUHAMAD KHAIS , KARUNIAWAN AGUNG
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Maxiselly Y, Bakti C, Murgayanti, Ernah, Wahyudin AA, Prayoga MK, Karuniawan A. 2024. Relationship analysis and genetic diversity of tea Camellia sinensis germplasm from illegitimate seeds based on morphological characters. Biodiversitas 25: 3486-3495. Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is a plant with self-incompatible traits and requires significant efforts to assemble superior clones. The generation of the superior clone is from seed-derived genetic material that demands comprehensive information on population variance, genetic diversity, and the level of relationship among accessions. Therefore, this research aimed to determine population variances, genetic diversity, and relationships of tea germplasm accessions based on morphological characteristics. The experiment was conducted from August 2023 to January 2024 at the Indonesian Research Institute Tea and Cinchona, Mekarsari Village, Pasir Jambu District, Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. An experimental method, "no layout design," was used to identify morphological traits of 36 characters in 50 selected accessions from the population. Observational data were analyzed to determine variance values, principal component analysis (PCA), heatmap correlation, and cluster analysis using XLSTAT software. The results showed a wide variation of 50% among the 36 characters, with genetic diversity in the 2 Principal Components (PC) at 38.99%. The cluster analysis of accessions had an Euclidean distance range, measuringa measure of the straight line distance between two points of 2.23 to 12.86. This variation was caused by a high correlation of some characteristics, such as leaf length, width, and leaf area, as the potential to develop the new tea clone.
Vegetation characteristics of the Javan slow loris habitat in Mount Masigit Kareumbi Protected Area, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: ALLASSELCIDA ANESHA , SUMARGA ELHAM , SOFIATIN SOFIATIN
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Allasselcida A, Sumarga E, Sofiatin. 2024. Vegetation characteristics of the Javan slow loris habitat in Mount Masigit Kareumbi Protected Area, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2512-2520. Habitat loss and degradation are major threats to the conservation of endemic wildlife in Indonesia, owing to the high rates of deforestation over the past decades. Most of these endemic animals are now at risk of extinction. Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) is a primate endemic to Java Island and is currently classified as critically endangered by the IUCN. This study analyzes four key aspects of the loris' habitat in Mount Masigit Kareumbi Protected Area (MMKPA), West Java: plant diversity, vegetation community structure and composition, plant species as food sources, and canopy density. A vegetation survey was conducted in three research sites using 41 nested plots measuring 20x20 m for trees, 10x10 m for poles and shrubs, 5x5 m for saplings, and 2x2 m for herbaceous plants. Data on plant species, diameter at breast height (DBH), and abundance (number of individuals) were collected within each plot. Forest Canopy Density (FCD) was mapped using Landsat 8 RAW Imagery and Landsat 8 TOA Reflectance Imagery, involving calculating several indices: Advanced Vegetation Index (AVI), Bare Soil Index (BI), Shadow Index (SI), and Thermal Index (TI). This study identified 104 plant species from 40 families across the three studied sites with dominant tree species were Pinus merkusii, Schima wallichii, Actinodaphne procera, Pinanga coronata, Miconia crenata, and various Setaria species. The diversity index at the three locations ranged from 3.02 to 3.41. This study found 35 species, including the dominant tree species, which served as food sources for slow lorises. The primary food sources available to slow lorises are sap (92.4%), followed by fruit (3.9%) and flowers/nectar (3.7%). The results of FCD analysis indicated that 83% of MMKPA has a "high" category, suggesting the presence of a continuous branch network that facilitates the easy movement of Javan slow loris. This information can be used to develop strategies for improve habitat management in the area, such as enriching fruit-bearing crops to increase food diversity.
The impact of fungi in increasing essential oils and chemical components of agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii)
Authors: MEGA I MADE , KARTINI NI LUH , SURANJAYA I GEDE , BHAYUNAGIRI IDA BAGUS PUTU , SUMARNIASIH MADE SRI , ADNYANA I NENGAH SURATA
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Mega IM, Kartini NL, Suranjaya IG, Bhayunagiri IBP, Sumarniasih MS, Adnyana INS. 2024. The impact of fungi in increasing essential oils and chemical components of agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii). Biodiversitas 25: 2552-2559. Essential oil, a key agarwood process product, is the fundamental ingredient in perfume, cosmetics, and drugs. The type of agarwood plant, the induction microbes, and the environmental factors influence the production of essential oil in agarwood. This research, characterized by its rigorous application of a randomized block design (RBD) experimental design and statistical analysis, aims to analyze the agarwood essential oil content and chemical components upon applying three fungal inoculants. The treatments applied are: (i) Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, (ii) Fusarium solani inoculant, (iii) Rhizopus microsporus inoculant, and (iv) Control (without fungal inoculant). Each treatment had 15 repetitions. The parameters observed are agarwood color, scent, essential oil content, and chemical components. The quantitative observation data was statistically analyzed by variance analysis, and if a significant value was found, the analysis was followed by the Least Significant Difference Test (5% level). The results showed that the type of fungal inoculant applied significantly influences the essential oil content in the wood. The highest essential oil content of 0.7413 mL/kg was obtained by applying Fusarium solani fungal inoculant. The lowest 0.5249 mL/kg content was obtained in the control treatment (without fungi). The chemical components of essential oils are Butanoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl, 2,6-octa diethyl, Hexadecanoic acid, and methyl ester. Citronelol; Beta Citranelol; 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-ol; Citronellol acetate; Citral; Geranyl acetate; 2,6,10_Dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl (Farnesol); Selina-6-en-4-ol; and (-)-Globulol.