bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphometric Assessment of Facial Morphology in Infants with Orofacial Clefts up to two Years of Age: A Three-Dimensional Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kožejová Jaklová Lenka , Kočandrlová Karolina , Dupej Ján , Borský Jiří , Černý Miloš , Velemínská Jana
Published: March 2023

Objective

To assess modelled facial development of infants with unilateral cleft lip (CL) and cleft lip and palate (UCLP) compared to controls up to two years of age.

Design and Participants

A total of 209 facial images of children (CL: n = 37; UCLP: n = 39; controls: n = 137) were obtained in four age categories (T0 = 0.2–0.5; T1 = 0.6–1.0; T2 = 1.1–1.5; T3 = 1.6–2.0 years) and were evaluated using stereophotogrammetry and geometric morphometry. All patients underwent lip surgery before T0, patients with UCLP underwent palatoplasty (T0, T1 before palatoplasty; T2, T3 after palatoplasty).

Results

In patients with CL, the forehead was significantly retracted (p ≤ 0.001), while the supraorbital and ocular regions were prominent (p ≤ 0.001). The oronasal region appeared convex (p ≤ 0.001). The lower lip and chin were non-significantly protruded. In patients with UCLP, a significantly retracted forehead and prominent supraorbital region were apparent (p ≤ 0.001). A retrusive oronasal region (p ≤ 0.001) was observed in the middle face. The chin was anteriorly protruded (p ≤ 0.01). No progression of deviations was found with increasing age. After the first year, a slight improvement in the morphological features became apparent. The shape variability of the clefts and controls overlapped, suggesting a comparable modelled facial development.

Conclusions

The facial morphology of individuals with cleft was comparable to the norm. Shape deviation was apparent in the oronasal region, forehead, and chin, which minimised with increasing age even in complete clefts.
A Rare Case of Urinary Bladder Hamartoma Clinically Mimicking an Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pescia Carlo , Pini Giuditta , Lopez Gianluca , Malfatto Matteo , Brescia Gloria , Tabano Silvia , Del Gobbo Alessandro
Published: March 2023

Urinary bladder hamartoma is a rare benign proliferation with only 14 cases reported in the literature at present. Urinary bladder hamartoma is composed of a disorderly admixture of normal urinary bladder components, essentially represented by glands lined by transitional epithelium and a variable percentage of fibrous stroma, smooth muscle bundles, and adipose tissue. Urinary bladder hamartomas do not exhibit cytological or architectural abnormalities and show no necrosis or increase in mitotic activity. Clinical manifestations are usually represented by lower urinary tract symptoms, more or less frequently paired with gross hematuria. Several pediatric cases of urinary bladder hamartoma have been reported, sometimes with syndromic associations. Transurethral resection has been curative in all cases reported, with no evidence of recurrence. Here we report an additional rare urinary bladder hamartoma, clinically mimicking urothelial carcinoma, providing a review of the literature regarding this unusual entity.
Social Mobility and Vocational Outcomes: A Psychology of Working Perspective
Authors: Perez Gianella , Duffy Ryan D. , Kim Haram J. , Kim Taewon
Published: March 2023

The current study was aimed at understanding how social mobility relates to vocational outcomes. Drawing from Psychology of Working Theory (PWT), social mobility was operationalized as changes in experiences of economic constraints and marginalization between childhood and adulthood. We used latent profile analysis to create profiles among a sample of employed adults ( N = 533) and compared profile membership to PWT informed outcomes: work volition, career adaptability, and decent work. The five profiles of social mobility that emerged were as follows: sustained privilege (low levels of marginalization and economic constraints during childhood and adulthood), downward mobility (low levels of marginalization and economic constraints in childhood, high levels in adulthood), upward mobility (high levels of marginalization and economic constraints in childhood, low levels in adulthood), highly marginalized (high levels of marginalization at both points), and sustained barriers (high levels of marginalization and economic constraints in childhood and adulthood). Participants who belonged to the sustained privilege and upward mobility groups experienced greater work volition and decent work compared to those in groups who experienced higher levels of economic constraints and marginalization throughout their lives. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
A Psychometric Evaluation of the Interpersonal Hopelessness Scale Among Individuals With Elevated Suicide Risk
Authors: Mitchell Sean M. , Brown Sarah L. , Moscardini Emma H. , LeDuc Michael , Tucker Raymond
Published: March 2023

The interpersonal theory of suicide hypothesizes that suicide ideation (SI) emerges specifically in the context of hopelessness about the immutability of thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB; i.e., interpersonal hopelessness). The psychometrics of the Interpersonal Hopelessness Scale (IHS), which could be used to test this hypothesis directly, have not been rigorously evaluated. Participants (U.S. adults reporting past-year SI) completed online self-report assessments at Waves 1 (W1; N = 595) and 2 (W2; N = 215), 1 week apart. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure, IHS-TB and IHS-PB. Correlations indicated strong concurrent validity. Hurdle negative binomial regressions indicated that W1 IHS-TB and IHS-PB scores were associated with SI presence and severity at both waves, but this was inconsistent when adjusting for other W1 variables. IHS-TB and IHS-PB demonstrated excellent internal consistency and moderate to good test–retest reliability. The IHS could improve theory testing and suicide risk assessment and management.
Developing a Family Resource: Considerations for Family Member Research Participation
Authors: Polfuss Michele , Mooney-Doyle Kim , Keller Mary , Gralton Karen S. , Giambra Barbara , Vance Ashlee
Published: March 2023

When individuals participate in health care research, the choice often affects the entire family. Researchers are responsible for protecting participants and minimizing any burdens the research may place on them. Resources to educate potential study participants about these issues from a family perspective are lacking. A family-focused, evidence-based resource was created for individuals and families to prompt discussion prior to their consenting to enrollment in research. The resource includes key relevant questions to consider related to their study participation and was revised based on input from family nurse scientists and a hospital-based family advisory group. This resource raises awareness of the importance of employing a family lens when designing research and during the recruitment and enrollment of participants. Adopting a family lens in health care research will support the participant’s ability to make an informed choice regarding participation and may ultimately enhance the experience of participants and their families and study outcomes.
The Role of Information and Nudges on Advance Directives and End-of-Life Planning: Evidence From a Randomized Trial
Authors: Hong Nianyi , Root Allyson , Handel Benjamin
Published: March 2023

Despite the substantial personal and economic implications of end-of-life decisions, many individuals fail to document their wishes, which often leads to patient dissatisfaction and unnecessary medical spending. We conducted a randomized trial of 1,200 patients aged 55 years and older to facilitate advance directive (AD) completion and better understand why patients fail to engage in high-value planning. We found that including a physical AD form with paper letters as a nudge to decrease hassle costs increased AD completion by 9.0 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI] = [4.2, 13.9] percentage points). The intervention was especially effective for individuals aged 70 years and older, as AD completion increased by 17.5 percentage points (95% CI = [5.7, 9.4] percentage points). When compared with the impact of costless electronic reminders, each additional AD completion from the letter interventions costs as little as US$37. Our findings suggest that simple, inexpensive interventions with paper communication as behavioral nudges can be effective, especially in older populations.
Disentangling Poverty From Neglect: Using a Person-Centered Approach to Examine Risk Factors for Neglect Among Families in Poverty
Authors: Sattler Kierra M. P.
Published: March 2023

Approximately 18% of U.S. children under 5 years old live in poverty, which is one of the strongest predictors of child neglect. However, most families in poverty do not engage in neglect and this may be due to heterogeneity in risk factors. This study examined how risk factors co-occurred among families in poverty across early childhood and whether risk profiles were differentially related to physical and supervisory neglect across time. Results suggested there were four risk profiles across early childhood (i.e., years 1 and 3). At year 1, the four profiles in order of prevalence were: Low Risk, High Risk, Depressed and Uninsured, and Stressed with Health Problems. At year 3, the profiles were: Low Risk, High Risk, Depressed with Residential Instability, and Stressed with Health Problems. Overall, the High Risk profile was associated with more physical and supervisory neglect across time compared to the Low Risk profile; however, the Stress with Health Problems profile was also associated with greater physical neglect. These findings illustrate heterogeneity in the risk factors among families in poverty and demonstrate the differential impact of risk exposure on later neglect. Results also provide evidence to practitioners and policymakers about target risk experiences to prevent neglect.
Advancing the Measurement of Trauma-Related Shame Among Women With Histories of Interpersonal Trauma
Authors: Jones Alyssa C. , Badour Christal L.
Published: March 2023

Shame is a predominant emotion for many interpersonal trauma (IPT) survivors and is associated with more severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Measurement challenges have led to difficulties in understanding the impact of trauma-related shame. The Trauma-Related Shame Inventory (TRSI) was developed to address this limitation, yet additional psychometric support is needed. The present study evaluated and provided psychometric support for the TRSI among women with IPT histories, although recommendations for improvement are discussed. The impact of trauma-related shame, relative to trait shame and trauma-related guilt, on PTSD symptoms was also studied, with results suggesting that trauma-related shame had the strongest association.
Short-term peripapillary structural and vascular changes following anti-VEGF vs. Dexamethasone intravitreal therapy in patients with DME
Authors: Viggiano Pasquale , Grassi Maria Oliva , Bisceglia Giulia , Boscia Giacomo , Borrelli Enrico , Malerba Maria Giovanna , Fracchiolla Antonio , Alessio Giovanni , Boscia Francesco
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To evaluate short-term peripapillary structural and vascular changes in DME after treatment with dexamethasone implant (DEX-I) and anti-VEGFs using OCT-A.

Methods

Sixty-five patients with naïve center-involving DME were enrolled. 33 of sixty five patients (group 1) underwent with single DEX-I 0.7 mg (Ozurdex, Allergan, Inc., USA), 32 of sixty-five (group 2) underwent with intravitreal injection of aflibercept 0.5 mg (Eylea, Bayer, Genentech, San Francisco, USA). The OCT acquisition was completed at the following visits: (i) “T1 visit” corresponding to the intravitreal injection of DEX-I or aflibercept in patients with naïve center-involving DME (ii) “T2 visit” corresponding to the examination performed 2 weeks after intravitreal injection of aflibercept and 1 month after DEX-I. The parameters analyzed were: (i) RPC vasculature density (VD); (ii) peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, and (iii) intraocular pressure (IOP).

Results

The RPC analysis showed a VD increase at T2 in both groups, although values did not reach statistical significance (48.12± 4.17 and 49.04 ± 4.23; P = 0.081 in Group 1 and 46.93± 3.16 and 47.17 ± 3.70; P = 0.087 in Group 2). Likewise, the pRNFL thickness and IOP fluctuations did not show statistically significant changes in in both groups among the different study visits.

Conclusions

After intravitreal injection (anti-VEGF or DEX-I), no significant short-term changes were found in peripapillary microvasculature, IOP and pRNFL thickness in diabetic eyes treated with anti-VEGF or DEX-I.
To prioritize treatment options for acute acquired comitant esotropia
Authors: Nouraeinejad Ali
Published: March 2023

The management of acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is controversial, and no clear guidelines exist to guide its treatment options. Therefore, the author proposes his idea that treatment options for AACE should be prioritized to achieve optimal outcomes with fewer potential complications for this type of esotropia. In this manner, treatment should be started with less invasive, muscle-sparing procedures while the patient is regularly checked for improvement in esotropia and diplopia. This is also a good scheme because the patient can go through vital neurological and ophthalmological assessments while he/she is spared from invasive interventions in the beginning.
Journey Through the Fractalization of Multilevel Governance: Levers for Adapt Healthcare Organizations Toward Migrant Populations in Canada
Authors: Maillet Lara , Lamarche Paul A , Lemire Marc , Roy Bernard
Published: March 2023

This article focuses on multilevel governance applied to health organizations in Québec (Canada). The objective is to understand the action levers that facilitate the adaptation of the services toward migrant populations. This type of population establishes itself as an excellent tracer case to analyze the adaptation process, its fractalization and its involvement with the Environment. The dynamics between the actors and their self-organization takes part in the development of a multilevel governance. Interactions with the Environment—both internal and external—highlight the development of networks that emerge from the field and are then implemented at strategic levels in the organizations. The presence of connectivity actors within the organization and the Environment is established. The context, the bonds of trust between the actors and the credibility of the policymakers are reflected as important factors. However, connectivity actors cannot be successful without the support and contribution of the more “hierarchical” actors. Eight action levers are revealed by the analysis. We categorized them in 3 functions: administrative, enabling, and emerging. The levers of the administrative and emerging functions require that the levers of the enabling function be credible and legitimate and be able to support them for the adaptation to spread throughout the healthcare organization, regardless of the scope or policymaking level. The fractal function facilitates this process, by combining connectivity actors with the implementation of connectivity structures.
Mom Didn’t Go to School, Dad Is Out of Work: Associations between Maternal Educational Attainment, Family Socioeconomic Status, and Infant Development
Authors: Novakoski Karize Rafaela Mesquita , Araujo Luize Bueno de , Mélo Tainá Ribas , Israel Vera Lúcia
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this research is to assess the neuropsychomotor development (NPMD) of 6- to 18-month-old infants and identify factors that may pose a risk to their development. They underwent NPMD assessments, while the parents/guardians were interviewed through the other instruments. Altogether, 64 infants participated in this research. The results revealed infants with questionable NPMD: 29.7% verified with AIMS and 32.8%, with Denver II. There were significant associations between NPMD and maternal low educational attainment ( P = .032); family low socioeconomic status and NPMD ( P = .026), verified with AIMS and Denver II ( P = .037); stimulation opportunities at home and maternal low educational attainment ( P = .00026), socioeconomic status ( P = .035), and NPMD, verified with AIMS ( P = .02) and Denver II ( P = .009). The following were identified as risk factors for NPMD: maternal low educational attainment (the lower her attainment, the more likely for the NPMD to be questionable) and family socioeconomic status (infants from disadvantaged homes tend to have questionable NPMD). Stimulation opportunities at home were also significantly associated with NPMD—that is, insufficient stimulations at home may lead to questionable NPMD.
The Congenital Cardiology Cloud: Proof of feasibility of Germany's first tele-medical network for pediatric cardiology
Authors: Klais Marko , Doll Ulrike , Purbojo Ariawan , Dittrich Sven , Rottermann Kathrin
Published: March 2023

Background

For an optimal interplay based on the data-secure exchange of diagnostic data between patients, ambulatory care, and hospital care, we implemented the first tele-medical network for pediatric cardiology in Germany, the Congenital Cardiology Cloud. This study focuses on its feasibility, technical characteristics, and implementation in routine clinical work.

Methods

Tele-medical traffic comprised numbers of incoming/outgoing data, related file types, treatment options for tele-medically processed patients, and patient classification with respect to the severity of disease. Proof of feasibility was related to the number of successful tele-medical transmissions of discharge documents at the end of the observation period (02/2020–10/2020).

Results

Analysis of Congenital Cardiology Cloud's data communication showed a number of 1178 files for a total of 349 patients, favoring transmissions towards the clinic. Incoming traffic was predominantly characterized by diagnostic data regarding tele-consultations (76.6%), consisting of a multitude of file types, whereas 93.4% of the dispatched data corresponded to discharge letters. The number of tele-consultations counted up to 61, with a necessary subsequent treatment or diagnostic procedure in 90.2% of the presented cases. Tele-medically processed patients generally showed to be more complex (severe chronic heart disease 42.4% vs. 23.7%). At the end of the observation period, 97.6% of the discharge documents were transmitted via telemedicine.

Discussion

The implementation of the first tele-medical network for pediatric cardiology in Germany proves recent technological developments to successfully enable innovative patient care, connecting the ambulatory and hospital sector for a joint patient advice, predominantly in more complex cases. Possible governmentally guided refinancing concepts will show its long-term feasibility.
Britain’s COVID-19 battle: The role of political leaders in shaping the responses to the pandemic
Authors: Thiers Consuelo , Wehner Leslie
Published: March 2023

This article introduces an analytical framework to trace and compare leaders’ different types of behaviours to the health crisis posed by COVID-19, following the analytical benefits of Leadership Trait Analysis. It examines Boris Johnson’s and Nicola Sturgeon’s diverging initial responses to the pandemic’s onset. We employ the Leadership Trait Analysis to shed light on three main differences in their respective leadership styles: risk-proneness versus risk-aversion; flexibility versus rigidity and rule advocacy versus rule ambivalence. Crises are one of the more fruitful situations in which to study leaders as their personal characteristics become central to the decision-making process. Thus, we employ an agent-centred and political psychology approach to analyse leaders’ behaviour and make sense of their divergent management styles. The results show that the differences between these leaders’ approaches to handling this global health crisis can be partly explained by their level of openness to information and their task versus relationship focus.
Cultural diversity and an ethics of provenance
Authors: Savidan Patrick
Published: March 2023

This paper intends first to try and interpret the evolution of attitudes towards solidarity in France in the light of Kymlicka’s analysis of membership-based deservingness judgment. It suggests that the shift in majoritarian attitudes towards minority groups (racism, xenophobia, social distrust) might be linked to the increase of inequalities and social precarity, and to the reinforcement of “elective solidarities.” The article’s second aim is to show, regarding immigrant minorities, in what sense an ethics of provenance can, as a moral resource, contribute to the reconnection of distributive units.
Embedded radar networks for damage detection in wind turbine blades: validation in a full-scale fatigue test
Authors: Simon Jonas , Kurin Thomas , Moll Jochen , Bagemiel Oliver , Wedel Raphael , Krause Stefan , Lurz Fabian , Nuber Andreas , Issakov Vadim , Krozer Viktor
Published: March 2023

This paper presents the design and experimental realization of a cooperative radar network for structural health monitoring (SHM) of wind turbine blades. For this purpose, 40 FMCW (frequency-modulated continuous wave) radar sensors operating from 58 to 63.5 GHz have been installed in a 31-m-long blade during manufacturing. A subset of 10 sensors is material-embedded in the core material of the blade, and the remaining thirty sensors are placed inside the blade on an inner rotor blade surface. The sensors are distributed over the entire blade based on previous high-frequency electromagnetic simulations. A full-scale fatigue test has been performed under controlled laboratory conditions. In addition, holes have been drilled into the blade by hand to represent a well-defined and relatively small damage. During the experimental campaign, measurements from the complete radar network have been transferred to a base station through a wireless communication link. Finally, it was demonstrated that fatigue as well as artificial damage could be detected accurately using the proposed damage indicator (DI) approach.
Goal-Directed Haemodynamic Therapy Improves Patient Outcomes in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Fabes Jez , Al Midani Ammar , Sarna Aman S , Hadi Dina H , Naji Saqib A , Banga Neal R , Jones Gareth L , Berry Peter D , Wittenberg Marc D
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Kidney transplant graft function depends on optimised haemodynamics. However, high fluid volumes risk hypervolaemic complications. The Edwards Lifesciences ClearSight™ device permits fluid titration through markers of preload and beat-to-beat blood pressure monitoring. We evaluated the implementation of a novel goal-directed haemodynamic therapy protocol to determine whether patient outcomes had improved. Design: A retrospective evaluation of standard care versus goal-directed haemodynamic therapy in adults undergoing kidney transplantation was performed in a single centre between April 2016 and October 2019. Twenty-eight standard-of-care patients received intraoperative fixed-rate infusion and 28 patients received goal-directed haemodynamic therapy. The primary outcome was volume of fluid administered intraoperatively. Secondary outcomes included blood product and vasoactive drug exposure, graft and recipient outcomes. Results: Intraoperative fluid administered was significantly reduced in the goal-directed haemodynamic therapy cohort (4325 vs 2751 ml, P < .001). Exposure to vasopressor (67.9% vs 42.9%, P = .060) and blood products (17.9% vs 3.6%, P = .101) was unchanged. Immediate graft function (82.1% vs 75.0%, P = .515), dialysis requirement (14.3% vs 21.4%, P = .729) and creatinine changes post-operatively were unchanged. In the goal-directed haemodynamic therapy cohort, 1 patient had pulmonary oedema (3.6%) versus 21.4% in the standard cohort. Patients in the goal-directed haemodynamic therapy group were more likely to mobilise within 48 hours of surgery (number needed to treat = 3.5, P = .012). Conclusions: Protocolised goal-directed haemodynamic therapy in kidney transplantation was safe and may improve patient, graft, and surgical outcomes. Clinical trials assessing goal-directed approaches are needed.
Examining the Role of Microbiota-Centered Interventions in Cancer Therapeutics: Applications for Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Drobner Jake C. , Lichtbroun Benjamin J. , Singer Eric A. , Ghodoussipour Saum
Published: March 2023

Modern advances in genomic and molecular technologies have sparked substantial research on the human intestinal microbiome over the past decade. A deeper understanding of the microbiome has illuminated that dysbiosis, or a disruption in the microbiome, is associated with inflammatory disease states and carcinogenesis. Novel therapies that target the microbiome and restore healthy flora may have value in dampening the immunopathologic state induced by dysbiosis. A narrative review of the literature on the use of microbiota-centered interventions (MCIs) was conducted. Several randomized clinical trials show that MCIs can augment response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in patients with metastatic cancer. Clinical trials have also demonstrated that modulation of the intestinal microbiome can enhance recovery and reduce infectious complications in the surgical management of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Overall, these major discoveries suggest future clinical applications of MCIs for a wide range of immune-mediated conditions. These results may also translate to improved patient outcomes in systemic immunotherapy for urothelial carcinoma as well as in patients recovering from radical cystectomy (RC), which is complicated by high infection rates. Further research is needed to evaluate the optimal bacterial composition of microbiota-centered therapies and the specific cellular changes that lead to improved tumor antigen recognition after microbiota-centered therapies.
Protective Effects of Resveratrol Against Adenomyosis in a Mouse Model
Authors: Zhu Bo , Zhang Chenhui , Shen Xiaolu , Chen Cong , Chen Xuanyu , Lu Yiyi , Chen Yumei , Guo Min
Published: March 2023

Adenomyosis is a uterine condition in which endometrial glands and stroma are commonly pathologically observed in the myometrium. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of resveratrol on the progression of adenomyosis. Adenomyosis was induced in mice given tamoxifen neonatally. All mice were subjected to body weight measurement and hotplate testing every four weeks beginning four weeks after birth. All mice with adenomyosis were randomly separated into 3 groups at 16 weeks: untreated, low-dose resveratrol (25 mg/kg), and high-dose resveratrol (50 mg/kg). After 3 weeks of treatment, final hotplate test and body weight measurement were performed, and the uterine horn blood samples were collected. Adenomyosis in mice caused body weight loss and uterine weight gain, reduced hotplate latency, and progression of endometrial fibrosis. The underlying biological process could be coupled with the overexpression of many cells’ proliferation and immune-regulation–related genes. Resveratrol treatment could slow the progression of adenomyosis by enhancing hotplate latency, lowering endometrial fibrosis, and restoring cell proliferation- and immune-regulation-associated gene expression levels in endometrium and plasma. However, resveratrol treatment also reduced the body weight and uterine weight. In conclusion, Resveratrol might be a potential compound for treating patients with adenomyosis.
Spontaneous non-aneurysmal popliteal artery dissection managed without operative treatment: A case report and literature review
Authors: Liekens Ellen , Lauwers Katrien , Goverde Peter
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Primary arterial dissection in peripheral arteries of the extremities is exceedingly rare. Isolated dissection of peripheral arteries (femoropopliteal or popliteal) primarily has been reported in aneurysmal arteries. Spontaneous dissection limited to a non-aneurysmal popliteal artery was first described in 1999 by Rabkin et al.

Methods

We report a case of a non-aneurysmal popliteal artery dissection to emphasize its rare condition.

Results

A 61-year-old man consulted because of sudden onset of pain and cramps in his left leg after walking 60 metres. A high-resolution duplex ultrasonography could identify a dissection of a non-aneurysmal popliteal artery. Computed tomography angiography could confirm the diagnosis. An operative repair was scheduled 3 weeks later and the patient was put on antiplatelet medication (acetylsalicylic acid 80 mg 1x/day) in the meantime. After 3 weeks the dissection was resolved spontaneously and the patient didn’t undergo surgery. Check-ups remained reassuring and we scheduled a duplex ultrasonography within one year. Antiplatelet medication was continued.

Conclusions

Spontaneous dissection limited to a non-aneurysmal popliteal artery is extremely rare. Diagnosis can be made by duplex ultrasonography and/or CT angiography. Treatment options consist of conservative management or operative treatment. Operative treatments consist of an open repair with bypass or interposition graft or minimal invasive endovascular stent grafting. A standardized protocol for conservative treatment in this specific condition is not available. Annual follow-up of these patients is essential.
Rac1/PAK1 signaling contributes to bone cancer pain by Regulation dendritic spine remodeling in rats
Authors: Xu Lingfei , Yang Long , Wu Yan , Wan Xinxin , Tang Xihui , Xu Yuqing , Chen Qingsong , Liu Yuepeng , Liu Su
Published: March 2023

Bone cancer pain (BCP) is severe chronic pain caused by tumor metastasis to the bones, often resulting in significant skeletal remodeling and fractures. Currently, there is no curative treatment. Therefore, insight into the underlying mechanisms could guide the development of mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for BCP. We speculated that Rac1/PAK1 signaling plays a critical role in the development of BCP. Tumor cells implantation (TCI) into the tibial cavity resulted in bone cancer-associated mechanical allodynia. Golgi staining revealed changes in the excitatory synaptic structure of WDR (Wide-dynamic range) neurons in the spinal cord, including increased postsynaptic density (PSD) length and thickness, and width of the cleft. Behavioral and western blotting test revealed that the development and persistence of pain correlated with Rac1/PAK1 signaling activation in primary sensory neurons. Intrathecal injection of NSC23766, a Rac1 inhibitor, reduced the persistence of BCP as well as reversed the remodeling of dendrites. Therefore, we concluded that activation of the Rac1/PAK1 signaling pathway in the spinal cord plays an important role in the development of BCP through remodeling of dendritic spines. Modulation of the Rac1/PAK1 pathway may be a potential strategy for BCP treatment.
Influence of the importance of the point and service tactical position in the shot following the return in men’s and women’s professional padel
Authors: Escudero-Tena Adrián , Ibáñez Sergio J. , Parraca Jose A. , Sánchez-Alcaraz Bernardino Javier , Muñoz Diego
Published: March 2023

The objective of this research was to analyse the shot following the return in men's and women's professional padel according to the importance of the point and the service tactical position. The type of shot following the return, importance of the shot and tactical position of the serving pair were recorded by systematic observation. A total of 2752 points (1431 men's and 1321 women's) from 69 matches played in the 2021 season of the World Padel Tour circuit were used. The results show that while men use more forehand and backhand volleys as shots following the return, women use more trays or smashes and back wall shots. In addition, while the server is the one who plays the most third shots following a straight return in men's padel (forehand and backhand volleys) and women's (forehand volleys and backhand volleys), the server's partner is the one who plays the most third shots following a lob return in the men's category (trays or smashes and back wall shots) and women's category (trays or smashes and back wall shots). Moreover, the importance of the point and the service position are parameters that affect the shot following the return in men's and women's professional padel. Thus, these findings are very novel as it is the first investigation to analyse the shot following the return in professional padel.
Integrated availability importance measure for multi-state complex systems analysis
Authors: Dongwei Gu , Yuhong Zhong , Yanjuan Hu , Guang Chen , Zhixin Wang , Nianhuan Li
Published: March 2023

As an important tool to evaluate the key components of the multi-state system, the importance degree is essential in the system reliability design stage, to provide the basis for the system reliability improvement and maintenance. To accurately improve the reliability of the system, this paper provides an importance measure analysis method that comprehensively considers the state and maintenance effects. To measure the impact of components on the system more comprehensively, this paper proposes an Integrated Availability Importance Measure (IAIM) to evaluate the relative importance of components by combining component state probability, state transition rate, repair rate, and state repair transition rate and considering the impact of component reliability and maintainability on the performance of multi-state systems. Considering the randomness of system operation, a Monte Carlo simulation based IAIM analysis method for a multi-state system was developed. Taking the series system and the hybrid system as examples, the IAIM of the component is simulated and analyzed. Comparing IAIM with Integrated Importance Measure (IIM) and performance Utility Importance measure (UI), among them, UI considers the impact of the state on performance, while IIM considers state transition on the basis of UI, but does not consider the impact of maintenance. IAIM is more comprehensive than UI and IAIM. It can be seen that IAIM is different from importance measures based on reliability. This is because the IAIM fully examines the impact of component reliability and maintainability on multi-state systems. The IAIM improves the traditional shortcomings of only considering component reliability, and provides a more comprehensive way to evaluate the system.
Pandemic populism and permanent campaigning: How Central American presidents build political legitimacy on Facebook
Authors: Salas María Fernanda , Siles Ignacio
Published: March 2023

This article examines how Carlos Alvarado and Nayib Bukele, presidents of Costa Rica and El Salvador, respectively, employed Facebook throughout 2020 to communicate about the COVID-19 pandemic. The study draws on content analysis of 1584 posts made by both presidents on Facebook throughout 2020. The article argues that Alvarado and Bukele turned the pandemic into a means to build political legitimacy in their specific political context through two main strategies: populist communication and permanent campaigning. Whereas Alvarado relied on these strategies to demonstrate that he was in control of the country amid mounting backlash, Bukele infused both strategies with a religious imaginary to attack political opponents and perform the role of El Salvador's messiah. This analysis broadens the understanding of the relationship between populist communication and permanent campaigning in two main ways. First, by employing a comparative approach to identify singularities and differences in the ways that presidents built political legitimacy during the pandemic in a largely under-examined region (Central America). Second, by situating findings within a wide temporal perspective that included posts in an entire calendar year and comparisons with Alvarado's and Bukele's presidential campaigns.
Mahsa Amini's killing, state violence, and moral policing in Iran
Authors: Khatam Azam
Published: March 2023

Iranian cities have been the scene of daily antigovernment protests by young women and men since September 16, the day Mahsa Jina Amini died in the custody of the “morality police” in Tehran. Over the next weeks, the waves of protests snowballed as the often very young demonstrators poured into the streets in some 160 cities, chanting antiregime slogans. Many women removed their mandatory headscarves at street protests to call for an end to the dual life forced upon them by the state's dress code. The protesters’ anti-authoritarian outrage met with broad public sympathy, moved beyond the discontented middle classes, and engaged significant segments of working-class youth and the ethnic Kurdish and Baluchi communities. However, workers, teachers, and other sectors of organized labor, who saw no immediate victory in sight, did not join the call for a national general strike. An estimated 500 demonstrators were killed, including 67 children, and more than 15,000 people were arrested. Three months of ongoing protests in Iran have garnered more international sanctions against the Islamic Republic. Though initially shaken, regime has doubled down in its brutality to eliminate the movement. The regime's reluctance to reform has convinced many observers that new waves of protest will follow, converging to break Iran's political impasse. This article outlines an analytical lens for understanding the movement's cultural transformative power as well as its challenges in achieving its political goals. I examine four critical aspects of this protest movement to explore where it stands in Iran's recent political turmoil. These include the radicalization of politics in Iran due to rising state violence over the past decade, the growing number of forced veiling dissidents, the contribution of the youth crisis to the protests, and finally, the confluence of ethnic outrage with women's and youth anti-authoritarian politics.
Imaginaries of better administration: Renegotiating the relationship between citizens and digital public power
Authors: Esko Terhi , Koulu Riikka
Published: March 2023

This article investigates future visions of digital public administration as they appear within a particular regulatory process that aims to enable automated decision-making (ADM) in public administration in Finland. By drawing on science and technology studies, public administration studies, and socio-legal studies we analyze law in the making and identify four imaginaries of public digital administration: understandable administration, self-monitoring administration, adaptive administration, and responsible administration. We argue that digital administration is seen from the perspective of public authorities serving their current needs of legitimizing existing automation practices. While technology is pictured as unproblematic, the citizen perspective is missing. We conclude that the absence of an in-depth understanding of the diverse needs of citizens raises the question whether the relationship between public power and citizens is becoming a one-way street despite of the public administration ideals that express values of citizen engagement.
Not so fast! Data temporalities in law enforcement and border control
Authors: Leese Matthias , Pollozek Silvan
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate the temporal implications of data in law enforcement and border control. We start from the assumption that the velocity of knowledge and action is defined by heterogeneous formations and interactions of various actors, sites, and materials. To analyze these formations and interactions, we introduce and unpack the concept of “data temporality.” Data temporality explicates how the speed of knowledge and action in datafied environments unfolds in close correspondence with (1) variegated social rhythms, (2) technological inscriptions, and (3) the balancing of speed with other priorities. Specifically, we use the notion of data temporality as a heuristic tool to explore the entanglements of data and time within two case studies: Frontex’ Joint Operation Reporting Application and the predictive policing software PRECOBS. The analysis identifies two key themes in the empirical constitution of data temporalities. The first one pertains to the creation of events as reference points for temporally situated knowledge and action. And the second one pertains to timing and actionability, that is, the question of when interventions based on data analysis should be triggered.
Nurses’ moral courage in Finnish older people care: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pajakoski Elina , Rannikko Sunna , Leino-Kilpi Helena , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Numminen Olivia
Published: March 2023

Nurses need moral courage in their ethical decision-making. As a personal characteristic, moral courage varies between individuals. The aim of this study was to analyse nurses’ self-assessed moral courage, morally courageous acts and associated individual factors in older people care in one large city in Finland. The data of this cross-sectional study were collected with the ‘Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale’ (NMCS) and the main analyses were conducted with multi-way ANOVA. A total of 205 nurses responded. Respondents’ self-assessed moral courage was 4.16 on a Likert scale of 1 to 5. Higher moral courage was associated with a higher knowledge base in ethics, more frequent encountering of ethical conflicts and having several sources for knowledge of ethics, suggesting that providing ethics education for nurses in the care of older people is important. The STROBE checklist was used as the reporting guideline for the manuscript.
Cartilage Repair of the Tibiofemoral Joint With Versus Without Concomitant Osteotomy: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Dhillon Jaydeep , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Fasulo Sydney M. , Belk John W. , Mulcahey Mary K. , Scillia Anthony J. , McCulloch Patrick C.
Published: March 2023

Background:

The extent to which concomitant osteotomy provides an improvement in clinical outcomes after cartilage repair procedures is unclear.

Purpose:

To review the existing literature to compare clinical outcomes of patients undergoing cartilage repair of the tibiofemoral joint with versus without concomitant osteotomy.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify studies that directly compared outcomes between cartilage repair of the tibiofemoral joint alone (group A) versus cartilage repair with concomitant osteotomy (high tibial osteotomy [HTO] or distal femoral osteotomy [DFO]) (group B). Studies on cartilage repair of the patellofemoral joint were excluded. The search terms used were as follows: osteotomy AND knee AND (“autologous chondrocyte” OR “osteochondral autograft” OR “osteochondral allograft” OR microfracture). Outcomes in groups A and B were compared based on reoperation rate, complication rate, procedure payments, and patient-reported outcomes (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS], visual analog scale [VAS] for pain, satisfaction, and WOMAC).

Results:

Included in the review were 5 studies (1 level 2 study, 2 level 3 studies, 2 level 4 studies) with 1747 patients in group A and 520 patients in group B. The mean patient ages were 34.7 and 37.5 years in groups A and B, respectively, and the mean lesion sizes were 4.0 and 4.5 cm2, respectively. The mean follow-up time was 44.6 months. The most common lesion location was the medial femoral condyle (n = 999). Preoperative alignment averaged 1.8° and 5.5° of varus in groups A and B, respectively. One study found significant differences between groups in KOOS, VAS, and satisfaction, favoring group B. The reoperation rates were 47.4% and 17.3% in groups A and B, respectively ( P < .0001).

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing cartilage repair of the tibiofemoral joint with concomitant osteotomy might be expected to experience greater improvement in clinical outcomes with a lower reoperation rate compared with those undergoing cartilage repair alone. Surgeons preparing for cartilage procedures of the knee joint should pay particular attention to preoperative malalignment of the lower extremity to optimize outcomes.
Time-specific Components of Pupil Responses Reveal Alternations in Effort Allocation Caused by Memory Task Demands During Speech Identification in Noise
Authors: Książek Patrycja , Zekveld Adriana A. , Fiedler Lorenz , Kramer Sophia E. , Wendt Dorothea
Published: March 2023

Daily communication may be effortful due to poor acoustic quality. In addition, memory demands can induce effort, especially for long or complex sentences. In the current study, we tested the impact of memory task demands and speech-to-noise ratio on the time-specific components of effort allocation during speech identification in noise. Thirty normally hearing adults (15 females, mean age 42.2 years) participated. In an established auditory memory test, listeners had to listen to a list of seven sentences in noise, and repeat the sentence-final word after presentation, and, if instructed, recall the repeated words. We tested the effects of speech-to-noise ratio (SNR; −4 dB, +1 dB) and recall (Recall; Yes, No), on the time-specific components of pupil responses, trial baseline pupil size, and their dynamics (change) along the list. We found three components in the pupil responses (early, middle, and late). While the additional memory task (recall versus no recall) lowered all components’ values, SNR (−4 dB versus +1 dB SNR) increased the middle and late component values. Increasing memory demands (Recall) progressively increased trial baseline and steepened decrease of the late component's values. Trial baseline increased most steeply in the condition of +1 dB SNR with recall. The findings suggest that adding a recall to the auditory task alters effort allocation for listening. Listeners are dynamically re-allocating effort from listening to memorizing under changing memory and acoustic demands. The pupil baseline and the time-specific components of pupil responses provide a comprehensive picture of the interplay of SNR and recall on effort.
Symbolic DIY environmentalism between sustainability statements and green pressure
Authors: Duester Benjamin
Published: March 2023

This article argues that environmental sustainability statements do not constitute a one-dimensional service but encapsulate a reciprocal power relation between producers and consumers’ expectations for continuously improving sustainability standards. Drawing on Bowen's investigation of post-greenwashing assessments of corporate environmentalism, I will frame these expectations as ‘green pressure’. As there is currently no substantial research on the complex connection between Do-it-yourself (DIY) cultural production, environmentalism and green pressure, the primary concern of this article is to demonstrate the necessity for an analytical framework that grasps the symbolic characteristics of environmental practices in DIY-based alternative leisure and production circuits.