bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instrata Fungicide Evaluated for Control of Cercospora Leaf Spot on Crapemyrtle
Authors: Hagan A. K. , Arkidge J. R.
Published: August 2020

Efficacy of Instrata™ 3.61E at rates of 0.54, 0.74, and 1.11 g ai·liter−1 was compared with recommended rates of the its component fungicides Daconil Ultrex 82.5WDG (chlorothalonil), Banner MAXX 1.3MEC (propiconazole), and Medallion 50W (fludioxonil) as well as Eagle 40W, Heritage 50WDG, and 3336 4.5F fungicide standards for the control of Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora lythracearum) on field grown ‘Byer's Wonderful White’ crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) in 2007 and 2008. Efficacy of Instrata 3.61E for the control of Cercospora leaf spot on crapemyrtle was significantly impacted by application rate. Cercospora leaf spot intensity and defoliation AUDPC values as well as final disease ratings usually were lower for the 1.11 compared with the 0.54 g ai·liter−1 rates of Instrata 3.61E, while those of the 0.74 g ai·liter−1 rate were intermediate. The 1.11 g ai·liter−1 but not lower rates of Instrata 3.61E gave superior Cercospora leaf spot control in both study years when compared with the Daconil Ultrex 82.5WDG, Banner MAAX 1.3MEC, and Medallion 50W component fungicides with the two former fungicides providing some control in one of two years and the latter failing to reduce disease intensity or defoliation. Eagle 40W, Heritage 50WDG, and 3336 4.5F proved equally effective as the 1.11 g ai·liter−1 rate of Instrata 3.61E in controlling Cercospora leaf spot in 2007 but only Eagle 40W gave comparable disease control in 2008, while Heritage 50WDG and 3336 4.5F were generally less efficacious than all rates of Instrata 3.61E. In one of two years, better disease control was obtained with Eagle 40W when compared with the 3336 4.5F and Heritage 50WDG standards. Overall, efficacy of the 1.11 g ai·liter−1 rate of Instrata 3.61E for the control of Cercospora leaf spot on crapemyrtle was superior to not only the label rate of each component fungicide but also to the fungicide standards in one of two study years.
Propagation Container and Timing of Propagation Affects Growth of Oak Seedlings
Authors: Fare Donna C.
Published: August 2020

Two experiments were conducted to determine the container effect and the timeline of seed propagation on germination and subsequent shoot and root development for container-grown oaks. Quercus nigra and Q. texana had equal or better growth and better root ratings when acorns were sown in Anderson tree bands compared to five other traditional propagation containers that had at least half the root volume. Germination percentage of Q. bicolor, Q. phellos and Q. shumardii was similar at 10 weeks after sowing whether acorns were sown in March, April, May or June. Q. bicolor and Q. phellos acorns sown in March had similar height and trunk diameter during the 30 week growing period in year 1 compared to acorns sown in April, May, or June that had a 25, 20, or 15 week growing period, respectively. Q. shumardii seedlings had greater shoot growth when acorns were sown in April or May compared to March or June. However, there was no difference in trunk diameter. By the end of the second year, Q. shumardii repotted into #3 nursery containers had similar growth among all sowing dates. Though some statistical differences occurred with shoot and root growth during the second year for Q. bicolor and Q. phellos, these differences did not appear to be the result of propagation time but probably a result of genetic variability.
Response of Herbaceous Perennials to Growth Retardants Applied at Different Developmental Stages when Grown Under Night-Interrupted Lighting Outdoors in the Southern United States
Authors: Keever Gary J. , Kessler J. Raymond , Stephenson James C.
Published: August 2020

A study was conducted in 2004 and 2005 to determine how ‘Early Sunrise’ coreopsis (Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet. ‘Early Sunrise’), ‘Moonbeam’ coreopsis (Coreopsis verticillata L. ‘Moonbeam’) and ‘Goldsturm’ rudbeckia (Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton ‘Goldsturm’) responded to two plant growth retardants applied at three stages of plant development (SOD) when plants were exposed to night-interrupted lighting (NIL) while grown outdoors under nursery conditions in the southern United States. With few exceptions, height of all species was suppressed by 2 weeks after first treatment (WAT) compared to NIL only, regardless of whether 5000 ppm B-Nine or 20 ppm Sumagic was applied at the beginning of a period of rapid shoot elongation (SOD 2) or 2 weeks prior to (SOD 1) or following this stage (SOD 3), and continued throughout the plants’ vegetative phase, although the level of suppression varied with SOD and PGR. Applying either PGR at SOD 2, when rapid shoot elongation first began, was most effective in suppressing vegetative height of ‘Early Sunrise’ coreopsis and ‘Goldsturm’ rudbeckia, whereas vegetative height suppression of ‘Moonbeam’ coreopsis was not affected by SOD when Sumagic was applied, but suppression was greatest when B-Nine was applied at SOD 1, two weeks before rapid shoot elongation began. ‘Early Sunrise’ coreopsis and ‘Goldsturm’ rudbeckia were shortest at first flower when PGRs were applied at SOD 2 and SOD 3, respectively, but plant height of ‘Moonbeam’ coreopsis at first flower was not affected by SOD. Where differences in height suppression occurred at first flower, B-Nine was more effective than Sumagic. Plant SOD when PGRs were applied had no effect on flowering or plant quality of ‘Moonbeam’ coreopsis and minimal effect on ‘Early Sunrise’ coreopsis or ‘Goldsturm’ rudbeckia.
Secondary Branch Angles and Potential Topophytic Effects of Vegetatively Propagated Clones of Taxodium
Authors: King Andrew R. , Arnold Michael A. , Welsh Douglas F. , Watson W. Todd
Published: August 2020

Baldcypress [Taxodium distichum] branch angles were measured between the primary leader (1st order) and second order branches at three different positions (low, medium, high) in the canopy of 828 four-year-old, field-grown seedlings. Seedlings represented twenty-three open-pollinated families collected from Central Mexico to Alabama. Based on these measurements, six different representative families (three families with the most acute branch angles and three families with the most obtuse branch angles) were chosen to test 1) whether topophysis significantly affects the orientation and/or growth of ramets and 2) if branch angle divergence from the trunk of the ortet impacts the degree of topophysis observed on the ramets from rooted shoot tips. Cuttings from the six seedlings were harvested in June 2008 from basal (more horizontally oriented branches) and terminal (more erect upper branches) portions of the canopies in order to test topophytic effects. Rooted cuttings were oriented vertically upon transplanting and grown for approximately 8 months. Measurements included initial and final height and stem diameter and the final angle between the primary leader and the substrate surface. Branch angle data collected from field-grown seedlings revealed a significant interaction (P ≤ 0.0001) between family and location within the canopy. Most families measured had branch angles that were most obtuse at the bottom of the canopy becoming progressively more acute toward the tree apex. MX6D, TX3D, TX6D and EP7D were families that exhibited minimal to no branch angle differences in regard to position within canopy. Data analysis showed no significant main effect or interactions of cutting location within the canopy on vertical orientation during container production. A significant main effect (P ≤ 0.0001) of clone was observed for all measurements except initial stem diameter. Clone MX2MC31 cuttings displayed the greatest mean angle of divergence from vertical at 48° while cuttings of MX6MC14 diverted ≈12° from vertical. In this study neither initial branch angles on the ortet nor position within the canopy from which cuttings were taken was an accurate significant predictor of cutting orientation relative to vertical. Tendencies for clonal differences in vertical growth however, suggest the potential for selection of baldcypress clones that would have a reduced need for staking during production.
An Evaluation of Tree Procurement and Acquisition Strategies for Urban Planting
Authors: Burcham Daniel C. , Lyons Robert E.
Published: August 2020

Cities increasingly plant trees for the numerous benefits they provide to communities. Tree health and structure at planting affect their growth and development and the long-term accumulation of important environmental, economic, and social benefits. Consequently, it is important to procure and acquire high quality trees from commercial suppliers. In order to characterize the range of experience with tree procurement, a qualitative study was conducted to document this important urban forest management process in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 municipal arborists to obtain primary information about tree procurement and acquisition, and the data collected were evaluated to summarize the state of knowledge about this process. The data suggest three main components comprise tree procurement, including establishing needs and requirements, evaluating and assigning suppliers, and managing commercial relationships. During 2008, participants in this study collectively planted over 26,000 trees from 132 woody taxa. Although participants described similar tree planting needs, they adopted markedly different approaches to buying them from and interacting with commercial suppliers. The results illustrate similarities and differences in tree procurement among participants and establish a framework for further research and discussion.
In Vitro Fungicide Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia and Waitea Isolates Collected from Turfgrasses
Authors: Amaradasa Bimal S. , Lakshman Dilip , McCall David S. , Horvath Brandon J.
Published: August 2020

Different Rhizoctonia species and anastomosis groups (AGs) have been reported to show variable sensitivity to commercial fungicides. Thirty-six isolates of Rhizoctonia collected from turfgrasses were tested in vitro for sensitivity to commercial formulations of iprodione, triticonazole, and pyraclostrobin. Tested isolates represented R. solani AG 1-IB and AG 2-2IIIB; W. circinata varieties zeae (Wcz) and circinata (Wcc); and binucleate Rhizoctonia-like fungi (BNR) from different locations in Virginia and Maryland. Each fungicide was added to PDA medium to obtain concentrations at 0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg a.i.·L−1 (0.00001, 0.0001, 0.001 and 0.01 oz a.i.·gal−1). A mycelium plug from each isolate was grown on these plates. The fungicide concentration needed for 50% inhibition of radial growth (EC50) was determined for each isolate by fungicide combination. Waitea circinata isolates were moderately sensitive (EC50 = 1 to 10 mg a.i.·L−1) (0.0001 to 0.001 oz a.i.·gal−1) to iprodione while isolates of R. solani and BNR were extremely sensitive (EC50 < 1 mg a.i.·L−1). Isolates of AG 2-2IIIB exhibited less sensitivity to triticonazole (mean EC50 = 1.26 mg a.i.·L−1) than AG 1-IB and W. circinata (mean EC50 = 0.2, and 0.06 mg a.i.·L−1, respectively). BNR isolates varied in inhibition of growth by triticonazole, exhibiting extreme to moderate sensitivity. Isolates of W. circinata were moderately sensitive to pyraclostrobin while most cultures of R. solani and BNR were extremely sensitive. Geographic origin of isolates had no influence on the level of fungicide sensitivity. This study demonstrates the importance of accurately identifying the Rhizoctonia pathogen causing disease symptoms on a turfgrass for choosing an effective fungicide.
Carbon Footprint and Related Production Costs of System Components for a Field-Grown Viburnum × juddi Using Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Ingram Dewayne L. , Hall Charles R.
Published: August 2020

Life cycle assessment was used to analyze the global warming potential (GWP) and variable costs of input materials, equipment use and labor of a model system for field production of a balled and burlapped, 0.9 m (36 in) Judd viburnum (Viburnum × juddi Rehder) shrub in the lower Midwest. The model system was defined using information obtained through interviews with nursery managers in the region. The propagation-to-gate GWP of the shrub was determined to be 0.705 kg CO2 equivalent (CO2e), after subtracting 0.916 kg CO2e, the weighted impact of carbon sequestered during production. Estimates for propagation-to-landscape GWP (3.156 kg CO2e) and variable costs ($9.19) were also calculated for the model. Material inputs during field production contributed 1.063 kg CO2e to the propagation-to-gate GWP and $0.89 of the variable costs while equipment use contributed 0.558 kg CO2e and $0.32 to variable costs.
Impact of Engineered Filter Bed Substrate Composition and Plants on Stormwater Remediation within a Rain Garden System1
Authors: Riley Elizabeth D. , Kraus Helen T. , Bilderback Ted E. , Owen J.S. , Hunt W.F.
Published: August 2020

Thirty-two rain-garden-engineered filter-bed substrates (EFBS) resulting from combinations of two substrate bases (sand and slate), two organic matter amendments [composted yard waste (CYW) and pine bark (PB)], two combination methods (banding and incorporation), and four combination amounts [2.5 cm/5%, 5.1 cm/10%, 7.6 cm/15%, and 10.2 cm/20% (by vol.)] were evaluated using three plant species (Betula nigra L. ‘Duraheat', Monarda fistulosa L. and Panicum virgatum L. ‘Shenandoah'). The impact of particle size distribution, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), volume of effluent, evapotranspiration, EFBS composition, and plant growth on water movement within a rain garden was determined. Sand EFBS maintained a numerically lower Ksat compared to slate EFBS regardless of composition. Using CYW and banding reduced effluent volume and increased evapotranspiration. Each EFBS was also evaluated for its ability to support plant growth and nutrient uptake. Shoot dry weight and shoot nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorus) trends were similar and were highest for all species when grown in sand amended with banded CYW. Higher levels of total soluble nitrogen (TSN) were in the effluent from CYW compared to PB, regardless of substrate base. Sand generally had lower concentrations of TSN and PO4−3-P present in the effluent than slate.

Index words: bioretention cell; saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat); effluent volume; effluent nutrient concentration; evapotranspiration; particle size distribution; total soluble nitrogen; ortho-phosphate; nitrate; ammonium.

Species used in this study: ‘Duraheat' river birch (Betula nigra L.); wild bee balm (Monarda fistulosa L.); and ‘Shenandoah' switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.).
Knowledge Management Systems Analysis and Planning for Employees Recruitment and Training
Authors: Abdillah Leon A. , Purwanto Tri A. , Agustini Eka P.
Published: August 2020

The development of science in the era of globalization is happening so quickly. The ability of humans to develop a variety of science (knowledge) is getting better with the tacit and explicit knowledge. From this development both tacit and explicit knowledge can be combined and varied to a Knowledge Management System. PT SCF (Limited) Palembang branch is a company engaged in the field of inspection and certification services. The problem faced by this company is that the process and media for sharing and transferring knowledge between colleagues is still small and not yet entrenched. This condition makes the company less effective in terms of producing and disseminating knowledge to staff quickly and accurately. Documentation of daily activities and routines are not carried out in a planned and integrated manner. Each department carries out its own activities in its own way, for example storing documentation on a CD, as well as a piece of paper. So the authors are interested in analyzing and designing Web Knowledge Management System. The method used is the object analysis and design method. While the tools for modeling using Unified Modeling Language (UML). The results obtained are a prototype web Knowledge Management System (KMS) that can be a media of information and knowledge sharing related to employee acceptance and training
ERİTROSİT SEDİMANTASYON HIZI TESTİNİN TEKRARLANABİLİRLİK PERFORMANSININ ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: KARA Fatih , TAŞKIN Ergin , ÇELİK Seda , YAVUZ Duygu Mine , TAHİROĞLU Veysel
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Laboratuvarlarda, eritrosit sedimantasyon hızı (ESR) testinin çeşitli sebeplerle tekrarlanması gerekebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sedimantasyon tüplerinde ilk ölçümü takiben yapılan farklı altüst etme işlemlerinden sonra ölçülen ESR değerlerini karşılaştırarak, ESR testinin tekrarlanabilirlik performansını değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Klinik biyokimya laboratuvarımıza aynı gün analiz için gelen 37 numuneye ait sedimantasyon tüpleri, ilk ölçümü takiben, önce çok hafifçe ve bir defaya mahsus olmak üzere altüst edildi ve ikinci okuma yapıldı. Ardından, tüpler iyice ve defalarca altüst edilerek üçüncü okuma gerçekleştirildi.Bulgular: İlk ve ikinci ölçüm arasındaki ICC (sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı) değeri 0.868; ilk ve üçüncü ölçüm arasındaki ICC değeri ise 0.927 idi. Üçüncü ölçümlerde, ikinci ölçümlerdekine göre, ilk ölçümle daha iyi bir uyum vardı.Sonuç: ESR tahlilinin tekrar çalışılması gereken durumlarda, sedimantasyon tüpleri iyice ve birkaç defa altüst edilmelidir. Bununla birlikte, söz konusu uygulamaya rağmen, ölçümler arasındaki uyum istenen seviyede olmayabilir.
İÇME-KULLANMA SULARI RİSK ALGISI (İKSURA) ÖLÇEĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ, GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI: KÖY MUHTARLARI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ARIKAN İnci , TELLİOĞLU Melike , TEKİN Ömer Faruk
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, “içme-kullanma suları risk algısı (İKSURA)” ölçeğinin oluşturulması, geçerlilik-güvenirlilik analizlerinin yapılmasıdır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, Nisan-Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında yürütülen metodolojik türde bir çalışmadır. Çalışma için örneklem sayısının ölçekteki soru sayısının 20 katı olması planlandı ve en az 200 kişi olarak belirlendi. Kütahya il merkezi ile rastgele seçilen 3 ilçeye bağlı 234 köy muhtarı çalışmaya katılmıştır. Hazırlanan anket form ile çalışma verileri toplandı. Anket formun ilk bölümünde katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, ikinci bölümde “İKSURA” ve “Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği (SAÖ)” soruları yer aldı. İKSURA ölçeği soruları literatür taranarak oluşturulan, Likert tipi 8 adet soruyu içermektedir. Veriler SPSS programında değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışma yaş ortalaması 48.31±9.49 (min:25-max:75) olan 234 erkek katılımcıda gerçekleştirildi. İKSURA ölçeğinin puan ortalaması 27.94±8.72 (min:8-max:40) idi. KMO katsayısı 0,792 ve Barlet test sonucu ileri düzeyde (X2=810,23; p=0,001) anlamlı bulundu. Faktör analizine göre tek boyutlu yapıda açıklanan varyans %63,9 olup, ölçekteki 8 maddenin faktör yüklerinin 0,46-0,84 arasında değiştiği saptandı. Eş zamanlı ölçüt geçerliliğini test etmek için SAÖ ile İKSURA ölçeği puanları arasında pozitif korelasyon olacağı hipotezi öngörüldü. İKSURA ölçeği puan ort ile SAÖ puanları arasında pozitif korelasyon bulundu (r: 0,352 p<0,001). İç tutarlılık-Cronbach’s alpha 0,820 bulundu.Sonuç: İKSURA ölçeğinin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olarak kullanılabileceği kanıtlanmış olmasına rağmen, daha büyük ve farklı örneklem gruplarında uygulanmasının yararlı olacağı söylenebilir.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE EFFECT OF INTRA-ARTICULAR PLATELET-RICH PLASMA (PRP) ADMINISTRATION WITH THE SEVERITY OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: OKTAS Birhan , CANBEYLİ İbrahim Deniz
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Trombositten zengin plazma uygulamaları son dönemde diz osteoartritinde cerrahi dışı tedaviler arasında yer almaya başlamıştır. Plasebo ve proloterapi gibi tedavilere üstünlüğü gösterilmiştir. Ancak halen erken dönem ve geç dönem diz osteoartriti üzerine etkisinin değişiklik gösterip göstermediği tam net değildir. Biz bu çalışmamızda farklı evredeki diz osteoartriti olan hastalarda tek doz trombositten zengin plazma uygulamasının etkinliğini karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tek dizine tek doz trombositten zengin plazma uygulanmış ve enjeksiyon öncesi Lysholm diz fonksiyonelliği skoru anketi doldurulmuş olan toplam 80 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bu hastaların daha önce çekilmiş grafileri üzerinden Kallgren-Lawrence osteoartrit sınıflaması kullanılarak sınıflama yapıldı. Evre I ve II osteoartriti olanlar 1. gruba dahil edilirken, evre III ve IV osteoartriti olanlar 2. gruba dahil edildi. Bu hastaların enjeksiyon öncesi ve sonrasında doldurulmuş olan Lysholm diz fonksiyonelliği anketleri değerlendirildi. Elde edilen veriler her iki grup arasında varyans analizi kullanılarak (ANOVA) karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Her iki grubun Lysholm skorlarında enjeksiyon sonrası iyileşme mevcuttu. Her iki grupta da hem ağrı hem fonksiyonellik açısından daha iyi sonuçlar elde edildi. Enjeksiyon öncesi ve sonrası skorlardaki değişim ele alındığında, birinci gruptaki değişim ikinci gruba göre anlamlı olarak daha fazlaydı. (p<0,05)Sonuç: Trombositten zengin plazma uygulaması erken evre diz osteoartritli hastalarda daha etkili idi. Tek doz uygulama hem ağrının azaltılmasında hem de fonksiyonelliğin artırılmasında yeterli bulunmuştur. Ancak ileri evre osteoartritli hastalarda en az 3 doz yapılması, cevap alınamadığında bir sonraki tedavi yöntemlerinin düşünülmesi gereklidir.
A RELEVÂNCIA DOS PROJETOS ESCOLARES NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Cassillo Evelyn , Cavalcanti Bioto Patricia
Published: August 2020

Este texto tiene como objeto de estudio una experiencia llevada a cabo en una escuela de enseñanza fundamental I en la Zona Este de la ciudad de São Paulo en que se puede constatar la construcción de una red colaborativa de formación de profesores involucrados con el Programa Leer y escribir .Al relatar y analizar una experiencia pedagógica, a saber, la efectividad de un proyecto de lectura y escritura, que forma parte del material del referido programa se procurará demostrar que tal experiencia a través de proyectos escolares desencadenó una acción formativa en equipo. En un primer momento del texto se presentará el estudio del Programa Leer y escribir. Posteriormente serán trabajados los conceptos de proyectos escolares y de formación colaborativa de profesores. Por último, se presentará y analizará la experiencia en sí, con el fin de demostrar la relevancia de los proyectos escolares en la formación de los profesores.
UNA EXPERIENCIA EMANCIPATORIA EN LA FORMACIÓN DE PROFESORES EN LA PREFECTURA DE SÃO PAULO-BRASIL, ENTRE 2001 Y 2004
Authors: Pisaneschi Lucilene , Cardoso Vania
Published: August 2020

Este artículo presenta una experiencia de formación de profesores experimentada por una de las autoras, entre 2001 y 2004, durante la actuación de Paulo Freire como Secretario de Educación. En el presente relato, se busca establecer un diálogo entre el pensamiento de Adorno y de Freire, con el fin de comprender la importancia y los límites presentados por tal experiencia en la formación de maestros en servicio. En este sentido,  la experiencia busca demostrar cómo los caminos recorridos por la Red de Educación Municipal de São Paulo durante este período, dieron lugar a condiciones sustanciales para los formadores y profesores para crear itinerarios de formación con mayor autonomía, lo que permitió la formación, de un cierto grado, de autonomía en la toma de decisiones acerca de la reformulación de los planes de estudio y las relaciones establecidas tradicionalmente dentro de los contextos escolares, constituyendo posibilidades reales de superar la tendencia histórica de los modelos prescriptivos que ignoran la escuela y sus individuos en su concreción social.
A APRENDIZAGEM COOPERATIVA COMO PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA PROMOTORA DA EDUCAÇÃO LIBERTÁRIA
Authors: Neves da Rocha Pedro , Viveiro Alessandra Aparecida
Published: August 2020

Este ensayo consiste en una discusión acerca de las articulaciones entre la teoría de Paulo Freire y el conjunto teórico-metodológico del Aprendizaje Cooperativo (AC). Justificamos la necesidad de esta articulación basada en una concepción de Didáctica, en que pretendemos definir prácticas pedagógicas que estén en resonancia con los posicionamientos por los docentes. Partimos de los principios freireanos: dialogicidad, problematización y autonomía; y de los cinco elementos del AC: interdependencia positiva, interacción estimuladora, responsabilidades individuales, habilidades sociales y evaluación grupal. A partir del cruce de estos 8 ejes, podemos considerar que las metodologías del AC constituyen un ambiente propicio a una práctica pedagógica orientada por el posicionamiento político freireano, esencialmente democrático y liberador. Consideramos que en un entorno de aprendizaje cooperativo, los educandos poseen el pleno espacio para el ejercicio del diálogo. Sólo en un espacio dialógico hay posibilidad de trabajar plenamente la problematización, para la definición de Temas Generadores y procesos de trabajo. Todavía, en el contexto del grupo cooperativo, los educandos se encuentran enfocados en la resolución de un problema, alineados en el mismo objetivo, con sus debidas responsabilidades, y así pueden ejercitar el debate y la toma de decisiones colectivas. En ese espacio, viven en la práctica una situación democrática, ejerciendo su autonomía en una perspectiva de colectividad – en oposición a un posible individualismo. Por último, consideramos que no hay ninguna posibilidad de traducirse el pensamiento teórico freireano en prácticas pedagógicas tradicionales, anti-democráticas, en una perspectiva bancaria. Las metodologías de enseñanza deben ser reflejo del ideal pretendido. Juzgamos, así, que el Aprendizaje Cooperativo presenta gran potencial como práctica pedagógica promotora de la educación liberadora.
LA PEDAGOGÍA DE PAULO FREIRE: UNA FUENTE DE INSPIRACIÓN PARA UNA PROPUESTA DE EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL
Authors: Verdeja Muñiz Maria
Published: August 2020

Presentamos una reflexión en torno a diversas aportaciones de la pedagogía de Paulo Freire (1921-1997) y ponemos de manifiesto la actualidad de sus planteamientos pedagógicos. Freire fue una persona que tuvo una especial preocupación por el otro, por denunciar las injusticias y por mostrarnos que los seres humanos tenemos en nuestras manos las posibilidades del cambio y de la transformación. Tal vez, por estos motivos, encontramos en el educador brasileño un referente clave a la hora de plantear y diseñar propuestas pedagógicas de educación en contextos educativos multiculturales. Inspirados en las aportaciones de su pedagogía, presentamos lo que consideramos unas líneas clave que deberían integrar una propuesta de educación intercultural.
ESCOLARIDAD E INCLUSIÓN: SUBJETIVIDADES TRANS EN EL ÁMBITO ESCOLAR
Authors: Latorre Chávez Rhonny , Salazar Barnechea Arnaldo
Published: August 2020

Este artículo es parte de un esfuerzo por visibilizar la experiencia de escolaridad en personas trans de Chile, en el marco de un modelo educativo estandarizado y binario. Se entrega una contextualización de los estudios y cifras disponibles hasta el momento, y se complementa con relatos concretos de trayectorias educativas de personas género no conforme, haciendo énfasis en los puntos críticos que vuelven la trayectoria educativa -al parecer-, incompatible con la generación de una identidad no binaria.
INTRODUCCIÓN Y CONSOLIDACIÓN DE LOS PRINCIPIOS DE MERCADO EN EL DISCURSO OFICIAL SOBRE EDUCACIÓN DE LA DICTADURA CIVIL MILITAR CHILENA (1973-1990)
Authors: Pérez Navarro Camila , Rojas Murphy Andrés
Published: August 2020

Este artículo analiza el cambio discursivo de la dictadura civil militar chilena (1973-1990) respecto a la introducción de principios de mercado en el sistema educativo. A partir de fuentes primarias, se evidencia que se enfrentan dos posiciones diferentes en el diseño de la política educacional, una Estado–docentista o más conservadora, representada por los contraalmirantes que dirigieron el Ministerio de Educación entre 1973 y 1978; y una corriente neoliberal, defendida por el grupo de colaboradores civiles de la dictadura, conocidos como los “Chicago Boys”. Primero, se expone el discurso oficial de la dictadura civil militar sobre educación con posterioridad al Golpe de Estado en septiembre de 1973, el cual estuvo enfocado en la mantención del desarrollo lineal del sistema, el control y depuración de las instituciones y en la planificación del cambio. Posteriormente, se profundiza en la transformación del discurso oficial, el cual transitó desde una estrategia de renovación continua y planificada, basada en la Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional y en una administración educacional desarrollista, a una reforma estructural orientada por el objetivo de una modernización educacional y fundamentada en una racionalidad economicista. Finalmente, se muestra cómo se introdujo mecanismos de mercado en la política educativa y cómo se consolidó la perspectiva neoliberal en el discurso oficial sobre educación.
TRILOGÍA DE NOVELAS DE CARLOS SEPÚLVEDA LEYTON: LA LITERATURA COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA LA HISTORIOGRAFÍA DEL PROFESORADO CHILENO
Authors: Fernández Llanos Belén
Published: August 2020

El artículo toma como objeto de estudio la trilogía de novelas de Carlos Sepúlveda Leyton, profesor normalista y representante de la Asociación General de Profesores de Chile (AGP). La trilogía está compuesta por las novelas autobiográficas Hijuna… (1934), La Fábrica (1935) y Camarada (1938), las cuales fueron analizadas en dos niveles narrativos: en primer lugar, la escritura de las experiencias alusivas a la escuela, a la formación/profesión docente y al movimiento político pedagógico de la AGP; en segundo lugar, los recursos narrativos utilizados por el autor para dar cuenta de dichas experiencias.  La trilogía de Carlos Sepúlveda Leyton es un caso de Novelas de formación docente, en tanto muestra el desarrollo de un personaje al interior de la escuela primaria, la Escuela Normal de Preceptores y luego en su ejercicio como maestro. El estudio propone la utilidad de este y otros materiales literarios para reconstruir la historia del profesorado chileno, a partir de las narrativas autobiográficas de sus docentes.
EL SIGNIFICADO DEL SIMCE PARA LOS ESTUDIANTES: ENTRE LA DIFERENCIACIÓN Y LA RESPONSABILIDAD POR LOS RESULTADOS
Authors: Arredondo González Emanuel
Published: August 2020

El sistema educativo chileno se ha caracterizado por su orientación de mercado, con un Estado como evaluador y árbitro de proveedores educacionales, siendo el Sistema de Medición de la Calidad de la Educación (SIMCE) el instrumento objetivo y comparable para evaluar su calidad. En este contexto, el siguiente artículo indagó en el significado que los estudiantes de escuelas municipalizadas, particulares subvencionadas y particulares de la quinta región, generan sobre sí mismos, la escuela y actores con que se relacionan, tanto en su comunidad-escuela como en su vida cotidiana producto de los resultados del SIMCE. Se aplicaron 11 entrevistas en profundidad a estudiantes de diferentes tipos de escuelas. Los hallazgos evidencian que el SIMCE es un instrumento que es empleado en las escuelas y que permite la diferenciación de los estudiantes y la responsabilización por los resultados. El uso del SIMCE como medida de la calidad de la educación reporta consecuencias en los estudiantes que impactan en sus experiencias educativas.
EDUCACIÓN DE JÓVENES DESESCOLARIZADOS EN EL SALVADOR: ENTRE EL TEMOR Y LA ESPERANZA
Authors: San Martín Ramírez Víctor
Published: August 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir los principales desafíos que enfrenta El Salvador en materia de políticas educativas, especialmente las que han sido diseñadas para contrarrestar las altas tasas de abandono o deserción escolar, y la recaptura de la población de jóvenes que podrían retomar sus estudios para obtener su Bachillerato (Enseñanza Secundaria completa) y, a la vez, dotarse de mayores y mejores herramientas para enfrentar el futuro con alguna calificación ocupacional o laboral. Se describe la situación social, económica y educacional del país y también de su entorno internacional, y se muestra parte de la arquitectura general del rediseño curricular, de gestión y financiamiento para las denominadas Modalidades Flexibles (en adelante MF), una alternativa a la educación regular, para aumentar su cobertura. Las MF nacen con el Plan de Educación 2021 (del año 2005), pero no ha logrado los resultados esperados, especialmente en cobertura y calidad. El Proyecto ECYP (Education for Children and Young Project) tiene entre sus objetivos rediseñar y actualizar las MF para ampliar significativamente su, hasta ahora, escasa cobertura y calidad, agregándole, además, los componentes de habilidades para la vida y una formación técnico-laboral para el ingreso de los estudiantes al mercado laboral si así lo prefieren. El autor de este artículo descriptivo se desempeña actualmente, en cuanto consultor internacional, como coordinador del proyecto de rediseño del currículo, el financiamiento y la gestión de las MF, un proyecto financiado por la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID), a través de la Fundación para la Educación Integral Salvadoreña (FEDISAL).
LA GENERALIZACIÓN COMO ESTRATEGIA COGNITIVA PARA CONSTRUIR LA CONJETURA EN UNA ACTIVIDAD DE CONTEO
Authors: Parraguez González Marcela , Randolph Veas Valeria
Published: August 2020

Al alero de la Didáctica de la Matemática, el presente artículo con base en la Teoría APOE (acrónimo de Acción, Proceso, Objeto, Esquema) y, a través del mecanismo de la generalización, se propuso interpretar las estrategias cognitivas incluidas en la construcción de una conjetura, en una actividad de conteo. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se trata de un estudio de caso único, con datos proporcionados por un profesor de matemática cuando aborda distintas situaciones de la actividad contar es el comienzo. Se concluye, por un lado, que las construcciones figurales utilizadas son fundamentales para alcanzar la construcción de la conjetura y, por otro, que algunas conjeturas erróneas son producto de la elección de situaciones que no permiten la generalización.

Palabras clave: conteo, generalización, Teoría APOE.
MOTIVACIONES Y DESMOTIVACIONES DE ESTUDIANTES DE POSTGRADO EN EDUCACIÓN MATEMÁTICA A PARTIR DE LA METODOLOGÍA MASTERY LEARNING
Authors: Castro-Navarro Emilio José , Urbina Cerda Mariela , Toledo Marlene
Published: August 2020

Este artículo reporta los resultados de una investigación sobre motivaciones de estudiantes que cursaban el Magíster en Educación Matemática de la Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez (UCSH), universidad privada chilena. La investigación se enfocó en estudiantes participantes del curso Pensamiento Estadístico y de Probabilidades y la metodología de enseñanza Mastery Learning (Bloom, 1968), cuyo objetivo es que todos los estudiantes alcancen el mismo nivel de aprendizaje. El enfoque teórico utilizado se basa en la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (Deci y Ryan, 2000). La metodología responde a un enfoque cualitativo, con la aplicación de un grupo focal como técnica de recogida de información y análisis temático. Desde el análisis temático surgieron los temas “El deber del Profesor”, “Trabajo en Grupo”, “Mi compañero como profesor “y “Mi aprendizaje me da autonomia”. Estos temas muestran que a partir de la metodología Mastery Learning, se satisfacen las necesidades psicológicas de competencia, autonomía y relaciones sociales, asociadas al trabajo en equipo, rendimiento académico y el rol del profesor, que se evidencian con la presencia de motivaciones extrínsecas e intrínsecas que conducen a conductas más autodeterminadas, pero también permite mostrar que cuando esas necesidades no se encuentran satisfechas hay presencia de desmotivación en el/los sujeto/s de estudio.Palabras claves: Formación de Profesores, Motivación, Mastery Learning, Teoría de la Autodeterminación, Análisis Temático.
Editorial. Número especial en Matemática Educativa
Authors: Vergara Andrea , Gaona Jorge , Pérez Iván
Published: August 2020

Editorial Número Especial en Matemática Educativa
Importance And Contents Of Business Plan: A Case-Based Approach
Authors: Abdullah Ruqayah
Published: August 2020

Planning and business plan, as a its product represent essential part of the overall business management. The business plan covers all important aspects of the business and the key factors that affect its performance. The business plan is used to increase the opportunities for development, growth and raise additional capital. This paper discusses the importance of business plan, its contents and provides some rules that should be taken into consideration during its writing, etc. In this paper is used the case-based methodology, where a practical example of a business plan is provided. The paper ends with discussion and conclusion section and limitations, practical implication and future research avenues as well.
Keywords— planning; business pan; entrepreneur; marketing; capital
Adaptive linear solution process for single-phase Darcy flow
Authors: Anciaux-Sedrakian Ani , Grigori Laura , Jorti Zakariae , Yousef Soleiman
Published: August 2020

This article presents an adaptive approach for solving linear systems arising from self-adjoint Partial Differential Equations (PDE) problems discretized by cell-centered finite volume method and stemming from single-phase flow simulations. This approach aims at reducing the algebraic error in targeted parts of the domain usinga posteriorierror estimates. Numerical results of a reservoir simulation example for heterogeneous porous media in two dimensions are discussed. Using the adaptive solve procedure, we obtain a significant gain in terms of the number of time steps and iterations compared to a standard solve.
Contatos linguísticos em cenários multiétnicos: as relações Brasil-África na formação de línguas crioulas
Authors: Moura Ana Clara Reis , Ribeiro Mariana Sampaio , Rodrigues Millena Dánily Pinto
Published: August 2020

Acerca da mesa-redonda África e Brasil: contatos linguísticos, que integrou o evento Abralin ao Vivo, esta resenha tem por objetivo sintetizar o debate promovido por Lamberti, Lucchesi, Yao Cobbinah e Agostinho. Além de realizar um apanhado geral dos estudos crioulísticos no Brasil, a mesa explorou uma série de pesquisas relativas ao fenômeno de variação e mudança linguística possibilitado pelo contato entre línguas lexificadoras, sobretudo o português, e superstratos compostos por línguas africanas. A partir de uma reflexão a respeito dos efeitos da colonização portuguesa na África e no Brasil e com base nos exemplos apresentados, discutimos as influências africanas no processo de construção do português brasileiro e os contatos linguísticos firmados entre línguas africanas e europeias no continente africano. Por fim, evidenciamos a problemática apontada pelos conferencistas no que tange à escassez de estudos sobre os crioulos de base portuguesa e africana.
Enhanced Reactivity in Surface-Confined Water of Hierarchically Structured Polymers
Authors: Beaumont Marco , Jusner Paul , Gierlinger Notburga , W. T. King Alistair , Potthast Antje , Rojas Orlando J. , Rosenau Thomas
Published: August 2020

The remarkable efficiency of biological chemical reactions is the result of evolution and many of these reactions are promoted by confined water. This has inspired significant research endeavors exploiting the potential of this special water in chemistry. However, these systems are so far limited to complex artificial solids or biphasic systems and small molecules as reactants. Here, we show that the intrinsically present surface-confined water in hierarchically structured biopolymers can be used as nanomedium to promote chemical reactions. We found in the example of cellulose fibers that confined water was actively involved in the reaction mechanism and facilitated the surface acetylation of the fiber, increasing reaction kinetics, efficiency and regioselectivity. Our findings can be regarded as proof-of-principle that the hydration layer in nanoporous polymers can be exploited as medium to promote chemical reactions at their surface. This concept can likely be extended to other polymers and various reaction systems.
The tmQM Dataset - Quantum Geometries and Properties of 86k Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Balcells David , Skjelstad Bastian Bjerkem
Published: August 2020

We report the transition metal quantum mechanics dataset (tmQM), which contains the geometries and properties of a large transition metal-organic compound space. tmQM is comprised of 86,665 mononuclear complexes extracted from the Cambridge Structural Database, including Werner, bioinorganic and organometallic complexes based on a large variety of organic ligands and 30 transition metals (the 3d, 4d and 5d from groups 3 to 12). All complexes are closed-shell, and with a formal charge in the range {+1, 0, -1}e. The tmQM dataset provides the Cartesian coordinates of all metal complexes optimized at the DFTB(GFN2-xTB) level, and their molecular size, stoichiometry, and metal node degree. The quantum properties were computed at the DFT(TPSSh-D3BJ/def2-SVP) level, and include the electronic and dispersion energies, HOMO and LUMO orbital energies, HOMO-LUMO gap, dipole moment, and natural charge of the metal center; DFTB(GFN2-xTB) polarizabilities are also provided. Pairwise representations showed the low correlation between these properties, providing nearly continuous maps with unusual regions of the chemical space; e.g. complexes combining large polarizabilities with wide HOMO-LUMO gaps, and complexes combining low-energy HOMO orbitals with electron-rich metal centers. ThetmQM dataset can be exploited in the data-driven discovery of new metal complexes, including predictive models based on machine learning. These models may have a strong impact on the fields in which transition metal chemistry plays a key role; e.g. catalysis, organic synthesis, and materials science. tmQM is an open dataset that can be downloaded free of charge from https://github.com/bbskjelstad/tmqm
Investigation of Changes in Nutritional Status and Anthropometric Measurements Depending on the Menstrual Cycle in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: HIZLI GÜLDEMİR Hilal , KIYAK Şule , ERTOSUN Ahsen Fulya , ERYILMAZ İlkay , GASANOVA Parikhonum
Published: August 2020

Objective: The primary aim of this study is to investigate the nutritional status and body composition changes of 80 Turkish women within the age of 18-25 years during their menstrual cycles.
Materials and Methods: Demographical and food intake behavior data were collected by a public survey. Body measurements of women were obtained 2 times; during and after the next four days of menstruation by BIA. Food intake records were taken to analzye energy and nutrient intakes. SPSS 18.0 program was used for statistical analyses.
Results: The average age of participants was found 21.6 ± 1.68 years. Comparing women in during and after menstrual cycle, their body weight, waist circumference and chest circumference increments were found 0.32 kg, 0.90 cm and 0.57 cm respectively. These changes were statistically significant (p0.05).
Conclusions: Although various previous studies focused on the menstruation period, the novelty of our study lies within multiple parameters that we correleated, especially nutrient intake. There was no difference in energy and nutrient intake of women depending on the menstruation periods.
Güvenlik Kuvvetleri Personeline Yapılan Periyodik Sağlık Muayenelerinin Verimliliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Soykan
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Periyodik sağlık muayeneleri personeli sağlıklı kılmak, erken tanı, tedavi ve rehabilitasyonu sağlayarak iş gücü kaybını engellemek ve verimliliği arttırmak amacıyla yapılır. Bu çalışmada güvenlik kuvvetleri personeline yönelik yapılan periyodik sağlık muayenelerinin verimliliğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: Tanımlayıcı tipte tasarlanan bu çalışmaya engelli raporu vermeye yetkili yedi adet ikinci basamak kamu hastanesine başvuran 1209 kişi katılmıştır. Hasta bilgi formuyla önceden sağlık durumları belli olan hastalara, muayene sonucunda yeni bir hastalık tanısı koyulup koyulmadığı saptanmıştır. Verimlilik ise katılımcıların bilinen bir hastalığı olsun ya da olmasın kendisine konulan yeni tanı üzerinden oranlama analizi kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların 461 (%22,7)’ine en çok göz hastalıklarıyla ilgili tanılar, 321 (%15,8)’ine kilo fazlalığı ve 284 (%14)’üne hiperlipidemi tanısı koyulurken 449 (%22,1) katılımcı tamamen sağlıklı bulunmuştur. Periyodik sağlık muayenelerinin verimliliği %62,3 olarak saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda periyodik sağlık muayenesi verimliliği %62,3’lük oranla orta düzeyde verimli olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Güvenlik kuvvetleri personelinin zaten sağlıklı kişilerden oluştuğu ve görev yapma şartlarından bir tanesinin de sağlıklı kalmak olduğu göz önüne alındığında bu değer beklenen bir değerdir.
The Effect of Pension Fund Activism on the Stock Market and the Role of Media: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Ko Kyung Ryang , Kim Woojin
Published: August 2020

This study examines how the stock market reacts to pension fund activism. Recent changes in the Korea National Pension Service’s (NPS) voting policy present an ideal context to examine the effect of shareholder activism on stock market reactions. Using a sample of 46 firms for which the NPS pre-disclosed to veto agendas of 2019 annual shareholder meetings, this study demonstrates that the stock market reacts negatively to the NPS “vote no” announcements. The results reveal that shareholders pay attention to the negative signal the NPS’s veto announcement delivers. We also find that publicity is positively related to stock market reactions, consistent with the hypothesis that media coverage is an efficient mechanism for pension fund activism. The study further examines whether the negative stock market response is driven not by the NPS’s pre-disclosure to “vote no,” but just by the pre-disclosure. An event study is conducted using a sample of firms for which the NPS disclosed proxy voting decisions ahead of 2019 annual meetings but did not announce to veto. The results do not reveal a significant market response, suggesting that the pre-announcement itself does not affect the stock market reaction.
The Effects of Stewardship Code on the Exercise of Voting Rights by Institutional Investors at Shareholders’ Meetings
Authors: Kim Sun Min , Park Kyung Suh , Jung Chan Shik
Published: August 2020

Based on the sample firms listed on the Korea Stock Exchange, this study analyzes the characteristics of institutional investors who adopted the Korea stewardship code. The changes in their voting patterns at annual shareholders’ meetings and the characteristics of firms that led to such changes after the stewardship code was introduced in December 2016 are also analyzed. Empirical analyses reveal that the institutional investors who belong to a financial group, invest a larger amount of money in stocks, pay more dividends in cash, belong to foreign institutional investors, and showed a higher level of negative votes before code participation tend to participate more actively in the stewardship code. We also find that the institutional investors who have introduced the code tend to show a higher level of negative voting, especially when invested firms have more severe agency problems such that the invested companies pay less dividends in cash but hold relatively more cash, and have low shares of foreign investors as effective monitors of the firms. These results suggest that the introduction of the stewardship code tends to lead domestic institutional investors to more actively monitor the invested companies, which would eventually help improve the corporate governance of listed firms in Korea.
Tópica e raciocínio
Authors: Nogueira Ivan Albert Rodrigues Silva
Published: August 2020

O presente position paper apresenta a discussão entre a visão de Theodor Viehweg no seu livro Tópica e Jurisprudência, em que faz levantamentodo papel da tópica e do uso dos topoi na argumentação jurídica, e a críticaque Manuel Atienza faz ao método de Viehweg.