bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tween‐85 Surfactant‐Assisted Fabrication of Silver Monoliths for Catalytic Reduction of Methyl Orange and Caffeine Sensing
Authors: Nema Ankita , Bano Mustri , Rai Mansi , Shrivastava Kavya , Dangi Sambhavna S. , Khan Farid
Published: April 2023

An elegant method (modified sol‐gel method) was developed to fabricate porous silver (Ag) monoliths using Tween‐85 (T‐85) as a reducing agent with and without dextran (Dex) and TiO2nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) for heterogeneous catalysis for the reduction of methyl orange (MO) using sodium borohydride (NaBH4), as reducing agent and also sensor against caffeine. Ag/Tween‐85/Dextran/TiO2NPs (Ag/T‐85/Dex/TiO2NPs) catalyst was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm technique, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Porous Ag/T‐85/Dex/TiO2NPs monolith degraded toxic dye methyl orange just in 25 seconds (s) which is the minimum time reported. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) using modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) together with Ag/AgCl as reference and pt as counter electrodes with 0.1 mH2SO4as supporting electrolyte were used. Ag/T‐85/Dex/TiO2NPs−CPE acts as a sensor against caffeine with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantization (LOQ) 0.654 ng mL−1and 0.876 ng mL−1respectively and sensitivity is 0.236 μA/mm/cm2.
Antimicrobial and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Synthesized α‐Aminophosphonates Based on Pyrozol Moiety as Anticancer Agents via α‐Topoisomerase II Inhibition
Authors: Mandour Hamada S. A. , Hamed Mohamed A. , Saad‐Allah Khalil M. , Abd Elnabi Manar K. , Abosharaf Hamed A. , El‐Gharably Atif A.
Published: April 2023

The reaction of (1,3‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehyde) with different aromatic amines and triethylphosphite in the presence of magnesium perchlorate as a catalyst resulted in high yields of new α‐aminophosphonates containing pyrazole moiety. The structures of the newly prepared α‐aminophosphonates were confirmed using IR, elemental analysis, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra. The antibacterial analysis of the prepared compounds showed potential inhibitory effects against the selected bacterial strains with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 12.5 to 3.125 mg/mL compared to the start compound. Some compounds have exhibited higher DPPH scavenging activity. Further, the molecular docking studies illustrated that the synthesized compounds have an inhibitory effect against topoisomerase II, which targets many approved drugs. The best modified α‐aminophosphonates compound had the highest binding affinity, with a value of −7.57 kcal/mol. Modified α‐aminophosphonates can be employed as a feasible starting point for generating new antimicrobial and anticancer agents and incorporating new reducing agents into therapeutic formulations.
Enzymatic Catalysis in Size and Volume Dual‐Confined Space of Integrated Nanochannel‐Electrodes Chip for Enhanced Impedance Detection of Salmonella
Authors: Li Yue , Ma Xinyue , Zhu Wenyue , Huang Qiao , Liu Yameng , Pan Jinming , Ying Yibin , Xu Xiahong , Fu Yingchun
Published: April 2023

Nanochannel‐based confinement effect is a fascinating signal transduction strategy for high‐performance sensing, but only size confinement is focused on while other confinement effects are unexplored. Here, a highly integrated nanochannel‐electrodes chip (INEC) is created and a size/volume‐dual‐confinement enzyme catalysis model for rapid and sensitive bacteria detection is developed. The INEC, by directly sandwiching a nanochannel chip (60 µm in thickness) in nanoporous gold layers, creates a micro‐droplet‐based confinement electrochemical cell (CEC). The size confinement of nanochannel promotes the urease catalysis efficiency to generate more ions, while the volume confinement of CEC significantly enriches ions by restricting diffusion. As a result, the INEC‐based dual‐confinement effects benefit a synergetic enhancement of the catalytic signal. A 11‐times ion‐strength‐based impedance response is obtained within just 1 min when compared to the relevant open system. Combining this novel nanoconfinement effects with nanofiltration of INEC, a separation/signal amplification‐integrated sensing strategy is further developed for Salmonella typhimurium detection. The biosensor realizes facile, rapid (<20 min), and specific signal readout with a detection limit of 9 CFU mL−1 in culturing solution, superior to most reports. This work may create a new paradigm for studying nanoconfined processes and contribute a new signal transduction technique for trace analysis application.
Triple Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Ferroptosis Pathways Induced by Manganese‐Based Imageable Nanoenzymes for Enhanced Breast Cancer Theranostics
Authors: He Haozhe , Du Lihua , Xue Hongman , An Yongcheng , Zeng Kejing , Huang Huaping , He Yulong , Zhang Changhua , Wu Jun , Shuai Xintao
Published: April 2023

Previous studies have found that activated CD8+ T cells secrete elevated levels of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) to trigger ferroptosis in tumor cells. However, IFN‐γ‐mediated ferroptosis is induced at low levels in tumor cells because of the limited IFN‐γ secreted by CD8+ T cells in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have shown that manganese ion can activate the cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐adenosine monophosphate (GMP–AMP) synthase/stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) pathway and support adaptive immune responses against tumors, which enhances the level of tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Therefore, tumor microenvironment‐responsive Mn‐based nanoenzymes (Mn‐based NEs) that activated the cGAS‐STING pathway are designed to amplify immune‐driven ferroptosis. The multifunctional all‐in‐one nanoplatform is simply and mildly synthesized by the coordination between Mn3+ ions and 3,3′‐dithiodipropionic acid. After intracellular delivery, each component of Mn‐based NEs exerts its function. That is, glutathione is depleted through disulfide–thiol exchange and redox pair of Mn3+/Mn2+, a hydroxyl radical (·OH) is generated via the Fenton‐like reaction to cause ferroptosis, and Mn2+ augments cGAS‐STING activity to boost immune‐driven ferroptosis. In addition, ferroptosis amplifies Mn2+‐induced immunogenic cell death and initiates the antitumor immune “closed loop” along with immune‐driven ferroptosis. Notably, this multifunctional nanoplatform is effective in killing both primary and distant tumors.
Efficient and Stable P–N Homojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Using ALD–Alumina Interface Layer
Authors: Chavan Rohit D. , Prochowicz Daniel , Mahapatra Apurba , Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Yadav Pankaj , Hong Chang Kook
Published: April 2023

(DOI: 10.1002/solr.202300174)

The above article, first published online as an accepted article on 25 April 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been withdrawn by agreement between the authors, the Editor‐in‐Chief Anna Troeger, and Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH.

The authors requested a withdrawal due to problems with the reproducibility of the reported experimental data.
Terpolymers Containing Difluorobenzoxadiazole Enable Suppressed Energy Losses and Optimal Batch‐to‐Batch Reproducibility for High‐Efficiency Organics Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Dongsheng , Pan Langheng , Liu Tao , Pang Shuting , Deng Wanyuan , Oh Jiyeon , Liu Xinyuan , Yang Changduk , Wu Hongbin , Duan Chunhui
Published: April 2023

Developing high‐performance polymer donors is of great importance to further improve the photovoltaic performances of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, most polymer donors suffer from mismatching energy levels and poor batch‐to‐batch reproducibility, which hinder the further enhancement of device performance and their potential in a commercial application. Constructing random terpolymers with a third monomer is considered a practical way to solve these problems. Herein, the 5,6‐difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole (ffBX) unit is incorporated into the skeleton of PBDB‐TF as the third comonomer to construct random terpolymers. The terpolymers exhibit downshifted the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels than PBDB‐TF, which is beneficial for obtaining higher open‐circuit voltage and lower energy loss of the OSCs. The OSCs based on PBFBX20:Y6‐BO demonstrate high power conversion efficiency of 17.5%. Moreover, PBFBX20 exhibits excellent batch‐to‐batch reproducibility. Five polymer batches with molecular weights ranging from 20.0 to 54.0 kDa produced very similar PCEs. This work demonstrates the bright future of ffBX‐contained terpolymers in realizing high‐performance OSCs and further applying in the OSCs community.
Peanut‐Like Zn0.5Cd0.5S/BiVO4 S‐Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalysts Toward Optimized Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Wang Yichao , Xing Zipeng , Wu Chunxu , Liu Meijie , Gao Jiapeng , Zhang Na , Li Zhenzi , Liu Haixia , Zhou Wei
Published: April 2023

The development of heterojunction composite photocatalysts with sophisticated charge transfer mechanisms and interfaces is a promising approach to enhance photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, for the first time, a peanut‐like Zn0.5Cd0.5S/BiVO4 S‐scheme heterostructure visible‐light composite photocatalyst via a two‐step hydrothermal method is synthesized. S‐scheme heterostructures, which can maintain the maximum redox capacity in the conduction and valence bands of the catalyst, have been established as an effective charge transfer mode in the field of photocatalysis. The Zn0.5Cd0.5S/BiVO4 heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits 99.52% degradation efficiency for tetracycline‐based organic pollutants under visible light irradiation. In addition, the photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency of the composite catalyst is as high as 8969.58 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 69.24 and 4.35 times higher than that of single BiVO4 and Zn0.5Cd0.5S, respectively. Through density functional theory calculations and experimental studies, the material conformed to the charge transfer mode of the S‐scheme heterojunction is determined. The improved photocatalytic efficiency can be attributed to the formation of S‐scheme heterogeneous interface, which bends the energy band at the interfacial contact, and the formation of an internal electric field, which hinders rapid charge recombination and prolongs the lifetime of charge carriers.
The systems approach of strategic roadmapping: Framing challenges and contributions whilst flexing to changing conditions and circumstances
Authors: Kerr Clive
Published: April 2023

For supporting strategy development, corporate practitioners and consultants have long appropriated the roadmap metaphor for journey‐making to establish the concept of strategic roadmapping. The practice involves charting future courses of action to help realize a vision. However, despite the significant uptake and use of the method, there still lacks a discourse on its inherent flexibility. Therefore, this paper outlines roadmapping's flexible nature from a systems perspective. The key attributes of the approach being general, scalable, customizable and dynamic are characterized. The governing framework underpinning roadmapping is depicted and described. To provide guidance on deploying this framework, two critical aspects are covered: (i) framing the challenges being faced and contributions necessary to move forward and (ii) with specific regard to having to deal with the realized unfolding of time, the need to flex to evolving conditions and new situational circumstances.
The effect of different processing methods of linseed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters and ruminate behaviour of lambs
Authors: Hossein Abadi Mostafa , Ghoorchi Taghi , Amirteymouri Elham , Poorghasemi Mohammadreza
Published: April 2023

Background

Oilseeds such as linseed, canola and sunflower contain unsaturated fatty acids that play important functions in the body. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different levels of processing linseed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters and ruminate behaviour of lambs.

Methods

Fifty‐six Moghani male lambs (3 months of age, initial average body weight = 28 ± 1.2 kg) were allocated to seven experimental diets in randomized design (eight lambs per each treatment). The experimental diets were as follows: (1) control diet (without linseed), (2) 5% raw linseed, (3) 10% raw linseed, (4) 5% micronized linseed, (5) 10% micronized linseed, (6) 5% extruded linseed and (7) 10% extruded linseed. Lambs were fed ad libitum a basal diet as total mixed ration consisting of 25% concentrate and 75% hay.

Results

The results showed that linseed level and processing method had no significant effect on dry matter intake. Average daily gain, final body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in lambs were affected by experimental diets. The use of 10% micronized linseed and 10% of extruded linseed in the lambs’ diet improved dry matter and crude protein digestibility significantly (p< 0.001). Blood glucose concentration observed for lambs fed 10% of micronized or extruded linseed (LS) was not different from that observed in other groups, only from the values shown by lambs fed diets 1 (control) and 2 (5% raw LS). The lowest cholesterol and the highest blood urea nitrogen concentrations were related to lambs fed the control diet (p< 0.001). Feeding processed linseed relative to control diet had no effect on feeding behaviour in lambs.

Conclusion

Results of this research showed that the use of extruded and micronized linseed at the level of 10% can improve FCR, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters.
Soil thermal properties during freeze–thaw dynamics as function of variable organic carbon and grain size distribution
Authors: de Bruin Jelte G. H. , Bense Victor F. , van der Ploeg Martine J.
Published: April 2023

Permafrost regions are experiencing increasing air temperatures, accelerating the thawing process, and thickening the active layer in summer. This can accelerate the release of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere from the organic carbon stored in the permafrost. The long‐term thawing rates of permafrost below the active layer are governed by the soil thermal properties, the heat capacity, and thermal conductivity, which vary due to differences in grain sizes and distribution and organic matter content. Using nine column experiments comprised of fully saturated synthetic permafrost samples exposed to freeze–thaw cycles, the relative contributions of a range of soil grain sizes and organic matter contents on the soil thermal properties were investigated. The columns were subjected to a freeze and thaw cycle while soil temperatures were recorded in profiles. To infer the thermal properties from these experimental data, a numerical heat transfer model was used. The best fit between the observations and a batch of 5544 numerical models was used to find optimum values for permafrost thermal properties. The optimized heat capacity varied between 500 and 650 (J/m3 K) and thermal conductivity between 2.45 and 3.55 (W/m K). These optimized parameters were subsequently used to model a 100‐year permafrost active layer thaw scenario under warming air temperatures. Variations in the optimized thermal properties resulted in a time difference in thawing depth of 10–15 years and thawing depths varied between 9 and 10 m between the different optimized thermal properties at the end of the 100‐year scenario.
Convergences and Divergences in Career Paths: Recruiting Foreign Teachers in Binational Schools in Argentina
Authors: Mayer Liliana , Gottau Verónica
Published: April 2023

This chapter seeks to analyze the reasons why binational schools house foreign native speakers’ teachers as part of their staff and the reasons that make foreign residents work in binational schools in Argentina. We developed a multiple case design to predict similarities or contrasts based on arguments that explain these differences (Yin, Case study research: design and methods. Sage, Thousand Oaks, 2003) and conducted 15 in-depth interviews with educational agents – teachers and authorities – from binational schools, between 2017 and 2020.

Our findings show that divergences in ‘career paths’ are marked by different contracting mechanisms: while foreign teachers are recruited through specific networks and enjoy economic privileges similar to diplomatic corps, Argentine teachers receive their salary in the local currency and according to national parameters. From these material advantages other symbolic ones will land. By creating a sense of belonging to an endogroup, some foreign teachers have the power to set the values and identities that create meaning within the school. This ‘minority though elite’ group of teachers finds a fertile soil in the school ethos of binational schools, closely in line with cultural diplomacy. We conclude that binational schools tend to legitimate their added value through the hiring of foreign teachers, and foreign teachers find solid ground for a successful career path, granted by their place of birth, and by the credentials derived from educational paths that have proved to be advantageous for specific institutional projects.
The Growth of Minority Supervisors: Supervision of Pre-service Teachers’ Field Experiences
Authors: Xiao Bing
Published: April 2023

The anthropologists are outsiders to the culture who were studying in traditional ethnography. I understand this since I identify as both an insider and an outsider when I instruct, supervise, and advise my American students. I am an “insider” in the teacher education program but an “outsider” of American school culture. I am originally from China, but I am immersing myself in my doctoral studies in the American education system. I instruct teaching methods classes and have served as a supervisor for students’ field experiences for around ten years. As a minority educator, I am faced with multiple challenges, especially supervising student teachers. The purpose of this chapter will explore the challenges of the minority supervisors’ growth and those influences on pre-service teachers. The research used the video-cued multivocal ethnographic method. I conducted focus-group interviews with university supervisors and the instructors of a teaching methods course. I presented video clips from students’ field teaching experience to the interviewees and discussed how videos impact teaching and teacher preparation notions. Additional data comes from my own experience. The chapter expands on Foucault and Bourdieu’s work to better understand how power flows in the field experience and how power changes supervisors’ and pre-service teachers’ habitus and behaviors. It also draws from Latour’s Actor-Network Theory (ANT) theoretical lens to investigate how different actors, such as the university, local schools, mentor teachers, supervisors, and pre-service teachers, change their action transforms the field experience.
3D-Printed MWF Nozzles for Improved Energy Efficiency and Performance During Grinding
Authors: Zmich Robert , Heinzel Carsten
Published: April 2023

Particularly during grinding of metal workpieces, a high energy consumption is required during the main process times, so that the resulting energy costs represent a significant amount of the total operating costs of the machine tool. In this context, the supply of metal working fluids (MWF) during the grinding process is often associated with a high energy consumption, but the MWF supply strategy (MWF flow rate, MWF nozzle, control and dimensioning of the MWF supply pumps) can significantly influence the energy efficiency of such processes. In the scope of this work, additive manufacturing was used to produce fluid supply nozzles adapted to the respective grinding process. In this work, it was shown that by using a flow-optimized nozzle the required power of the MWF supply pump can be significantly reduced, allowing to make the grinding process more efficient in terms of the energy required.
Identification of Action Areas for the Promotion of Local Manufacturing in Reference to System Theory
Authors: Krenz Pascal , Stoltenberg Lisa , Saubke Dominik , Markert Julia
Published: April 2023

Industrial value creation today is characterised in many sectors by globally distributed processes for product manufacturing based on the division of labour in order to achieve advantages through specialisation, scale and location. However, the economic advantages of this form of value creation are being increasingly diminished by the current ecological and social challenges. Local manufacturing has the potential to be a piece of the puzzle in the complex transformation process towards a sustainable circular economy. However, suitable framework conditions are needed for the successful implementation of economically, ecologically and socially sustainable forms of local value creation. To be able to develop these in a targeted manner, knowledge regarding the areas influenceable by societal functional systems (e.g. politics, economy, production) and how they may affect the design dimensions of local manufacturing is necessary. A systems theory-based analysis is used to consider the influence of the operations of societal subsystems on local manufacturing, to identify decision spaces and to evaluate overarching couplings between the societal system operations.
Consumer Perceptions of the Circular Business Model: A Case of Leasing Strollers
Authors: Asif Farazee M. A. , Salehi Niloufar , Lieder Michael
Published: April 2023

Circular Economy (CE) promotes trading functions of a product as a service instead of selling the product in conventional ways. For a product like a baby stroller, the function means ensuring mobility with infants without needing to own a stroller. This approach of acquiring functions only when needed opens up the possibility to share the same products with multiple users. For a manufacturer that has built its business on a conventional sales model over the decades, this shift may be too radical. Therefore, for the manufacturers, it is important to understand consumer perceptions of the service-oriented business model before entering this unknown territory. To develop a thorough understanding of consumer perceptions of leasing a stroller instead of buying one, a survey among 200 parents in Stockholm is conducted. The survey brings out quantitative results such as 39% of respondents are open to leasing and identifies key influencing factors such as convenience and environmental image that play a key role for the remaining 61% of respondents to choose leasing. This research concludes that a large number of consumers are open to leasing if a high level of service and environmentally sustainable strollers are offered at a competitive price.
Analysis of Elementary Technology Considering the Remanufacturing of Used Machinery: A Case Study
Authors: Jun Yongsung , Yoo Yungchul
Published: April 2023

Globally, the circular economy is emerging as a key issue for industrial innovation by enhancing the efficiency of resource use and promoting resource circulation. Remanufacturing is to recover the product after use to maintain its original performance through a series of production processes. Machine tools experience various operational problems such as malfunction, damage to parts, and deterioration after the service life has elapsed. Remanufacturing technology has several common technologies that can solve similar failures among different items, and can be largely divided into existing remanufacturing process technology and technology for upgrading the performance of a machine. A systematic technical background is needed to ensure the performance and reliability of remanufacturing products, but so far there are few cases of research on machine tool remanufacturing in Korea.

Therefore, in this study, machinery items with high frequency of use and marketability among machine tools were reviewed as targets for remanufacturing. For the remanufacturing of used machine tools, failures to be solved by functional characteristics of target parts were identified, and remanufacturing elementary technologies were classified and analyzed, respectively. In addition, basic studies such as major performance, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) were conducted for the used machine tools.
An Empirical Investigation into Path Dependency and Embeddedness Among Sustainable Manufacturing Capabilities Envisaged in the Natural Resource-Based View of the Firm
Authors: Pande Bhavya , Adil Gajendra Kumar , Vashisht Diksha , Mitra Sanchayan
Published: April 2023

The seminal and widely cited paper of Hart (1995) on the natural resource-based view of the firm, advocates that the source of competitive advantage in the imminent future will be rooted in emerging sustainable manufacturing capabilities. In order to understand how these capabilities, namely pollution prevention, product stewardship and sustainable development [clean technology] are acquired over period of time, Hart (1995) proposes two competing theories of path dependency and embeddedness. However, there is lack of empirical research on investigation of these two theories. The current study is undertaken to bridge this gap. The paper analyses the available sustainability reports of two multinational firms spanning across a number of years to derive insights on the validity of the two theories. The case observations reveal that the two theories in focus are not necessarily competing in nature but can coexist. The study adds theoretical insights to the literature and provides pointers towards future research directions in the field.
Empirical Investigation of Climate Neutrality Strategies of Companies in Industrial Production
Authors: Seyfried Stefan , Nagel Lukas , Weigold Matthias
Published: April 2023

The goal of climate neutrality gains importance in the strategic focus of companies. When it comes to strategies for climate neutral production, different companies pursue a variety of approaches. These range from pure compensation approaches to the complete replacement of fossil energy sources. As part of an empirical study, the approaches toward climate neutrality of 50 companies were analyzed. Both small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large companies were included in the study. Differences already arise from a different understanding of the term climate neutrality. Accordingly, the strategic approaches also differ, both regarding the definition of goals and regarding the specification of a roadmap for achieving those goals. The article presents the results of the empirical study and systematizes the findings.
Developing a Manufacturing Process Level Framework for Green Strategies KPIs Handling
Authors: Panagiotopoulou Vasiliki C. , Papacharalampopoulos Alexios , Stavropoulos Panagiotis
Published: April 2023

Green strategies in manufacturing have multifold perspectives implying that are highly diversified in terms of resources management. Popular green strategies are Zero Defect, Circularity and Sustainability. The challenges regarding resources efficiency result from different concepts addressed by each strategy; Zero Defect focuses on defect prevention via quality planning, control, and improvement, while Circularity addresses resources optimisation via resources management, material production, usage and disposal. Sustainability is a different approach, to include economic growth and social impact, besides resources management, waste management and environmental impact. Until now, key performance indicators (KPIs) have been used for individual strategy, while literature shows a lack of frameworks towards transforming KPIs when adopting more than one strategy. The current work is a step towards defining an approach describing the relationship between the KPIs of different green strategies and elaborating the repercussions of this transformation on workflows and specifically on manufacturing processes. Two different approaches could be used (monetary and qualitative) with thermoforming used as a case, and the results are indicative of the method efficiency, where KPIs for Zero Defect, Circularity and Sustainability are compared. The framework is developed to be later generalised and applied to other manufacturing processes.
Literature Review of Biological Transformation in Holistic Production Systems
Authors: Lange Annika , Poeche Moritz
Published: April 2023

In today’s manufacturing world, there are large, interconnected production networks. Production is constantly influenced by trends such as the Toyota production concept or Holistic Production System. Numerous companies have already introduced a Holistic Production System. Though, to achieve the greatest success with it, the Holistic Production System must be implemented across the entire production network. This means that more and more companies are setting a condition for their suppliers: They must also implement a Holistic Production System. However, not only the introduction but also the maintenance of a Holistic Production System is associated with a high level of effort. To reduce the effort required for a Holistic Production System, Biological Transformation offers a promising approach. Especially since principles from nature are resource-saving. This paper presents a systematic literature review. This review examines the extent to which biological principles are already being used in Holistic Production Systems.
Measurement of Disassembly Work Using Optical Motion Capture
Authors: Kawane Ryuto , Ijuin Hiromasa , Nakajima Ryosuke , Sugi Masao , Yamada Shuho , Yamada Tetsuo
Published: April 2023

In recent years, the depletion of natural resources has been severe globally. One of the solutions to this problem is to reuse and recycle materials from end-of-life (EOL) products and reduce waste. In the industrial field, disassembly work is needed to take back parts/materials from the end-of-life assembly products. Furthermore, in the manufacturing industry, there are human resource development or skill transfer issues due to a declining birth rate and an aging population as well as a labor shortage in developed countries. In particular, in Japan, the population aged 65 and overreached 28.8% of the total population in 2019, and the labor shortage has become more serious. To resolve these issues, the digitization of skills through optical motion capture is promoted in this industry, where three-dimensional coordinate data of workers can be accurately measured. Toshiba Corporation has introduced motion capture for achieving more effective guidance and skill transfer at the work site. However, data related to disassembly were not obtained via motion capture. This study measures and analyzes the motion data for disassembly work obtained via optical motion capture. First, the motion data for disassembly work is obtained via optical motion capture. Next, the data obtained is shown graphically and compared by body part. Finally, the results are shown and discussed.
High Strength and Electrical Conductivity of α-Al-CNTs + GAgNPs Nanocomposites
Authors: Aigbodion Victor Sunday
Published: April 2023

The development of new advanced material of α-Al- carbon nanotubes (CNTs and green synthesis silver nanoparticles (GAgNPs) superconductor nanocomposites was sudied. Green synthesis silver nanoparticles (GAgNPs) was used for the decoration of CNTS. The composites were by modified spark plasma sintering (SPS). The microstructure, strength and electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites were determined. The formation of sub-grain in the Al-4%CNTs + 2%GAg.NPs composite generates more dislocation density. The addition of GAgNPs to Al-CNTs significantly enhanced the ductility mode of fracture associated with the AlAg3(110) and AlAg2(100) phases and the small sub-grain formed at the surface. It can be concluded that a higher strength, electrical conductivity can be made from the developed nanocomposite.
Material Recycling of End-of-Life Tires: The Influence of Recyclates on the Processing of Rubber Compounds
Authors: Hoyer Stefan , Kroll Lothar
Published: April 2023

The paper focuses on the recycling of end-of-life tires (ELTs) by admixing ELT recyclates to rubber compounds. It deals with the physical and chemical interactions resulting from the admixture of finely ground powder from end-of-life tires to a sulfur-cured rubber compound. Using exemplary rubber recipes, the effects of viscosity increase, accelerated crosslinking and stiffness decrease are quantified and the underlying reasons are explained.
Environmental Assessment and Optimization When Machining with Micro-textured Cutting Tools
Authors: Salem Amr , Hegab Hussien , Kishawy Hossam A.
Published: April 2023

The dry machining strategy has recently received high attention in the field of metal cutting as it can eliminate the environmental impacts associated with the usage of cutting fluids. However, high-generated heat and severe tool wear are usually observed for the dry machining operations. One of the suggested techniques to improve the dry machining performance is to utilize the textured cutting tools, reducing the friction at the chip-tool interface. In this study, three different micro-textured tool designs were used during the machining AISI 1045 at different cutting conditions. A life cycle assessment was performed including the power consumption for preparing the textured tool designs and the measured power during the machining experiments. Furthermore, some measured machining outputs (flank wear, surface roughness, and the unit volume machining time) were further included to offer a comprehensive and effective sustainability assessment for the performance of the utilized textured tools. The performance of these textured tools was also compared with the non-textured tool under the same cutting conditions. The textured tool design with narrow micro-groove width showed better sustainable performance compared to the non-textured tool and other textured tool designs.
Optimizing Product Life Cycle Systems for Manufacturing in a Circular Economy
Authors: Hapuwatte Buddhika M. , Mathur Nehika , Last Noah , Ferrero Vincenzo , Reslan Maya , Morris K. C.
Published: April 2023

Global population growth and increasing resource scarcity are necessitating sustainable manufacturing and circular economy (CE) practices. These practices require the decisions made at each product life cycle (PLC) stage consider sustainability and circularity implications. We propose PLC system level optimization to identify the most favorable choices, instead of siloed individual PLC stage-specific optimizations. This should yield better circularity by permitting manufacturers to take a more holistic view and identify the areas of highest impact across the PLC. This paper presents initial work towards building a PLC system optimization framework. From an initial review of current circularity metrics, we identify metrics that are suitable for forming the optimization objectives. Second, we identify decision variables available to manufacturers across the PLC that are useful in optimizing the entire system’s circularity and sustainability. Finally, we identify limitations of current metrics, and discuss major challenges and potential solutions to PLC system optimization problems.
Method for Evaluating and Identifying Energy-Efficient Process Chains for the Manufacturing of Press Hardening Tools Based on the Deming Circle
Authors: Rautenstrauch Anja , Markov Larisa , Kräusel Verena
Published: April 2023

In response to rising energy demand, climate change and resource scarcity, the German government has set guiding targets for the transformation of energy systems by 2050. One goal is to increase energy efficiency in order to halve the demand for energy. An important instrument for increasing energy efficiency and reducing energy costs is the energy audit. By determining how much energy is consumed in which areas of the company, it is possible to identify where there is potential for savings. This paper presents an evaluation method for identifying energy-efficient process chains for the production of press hardening tools. The evaluation method is based on the Deming Circle and is intended to serve as a supporting tool for the energy audit. The method enables the analysis and evaluation of energetic variables of a process chain and is designed for manufacturing companies.
Sustainable Solutions by the Use of Immersive Technologies for Repurposing Buildings
Authors: Rosilius Maximilian , Wilhelm Markus , von Eitzen Ingo , Decker Steffen , Damek Sebastian , Braeutigam Volker
Published: April 2023

In the context of urban production and sustainable reuse of existing buildings, a detailed planning of the later usage is indispensable. One approach is to enable large-scale AR simulation on site with a sufficient Level of Detail (LoD) and stability. To determine performance metrics, a technology-stack is created and presented that enables a realistic field experiment in an industrial environment (area of 1,314 m2) using Microsoft HoloLens 2. For the experiment, a 3D model was instantiated as often as possible up to the limit of system stability and in different LoDs (100% down to 10%). The result shows that it is feasible to represent 2.63 million polygons (equivalent to about 1,909 m3 of augmented space) on LOD-35%; LoD-100% is equivalent to 327.38 m3 and 1,284 million polygons. Polygonal density [polygons/m3] is introduced as new indicator for better comparability when using 3D models. Thus, it is possible to immersively visualize urban production planning processes in large-scale scenarios. This expands the functional planning space of Urban Production and overcomes previous technical limitations.
Digital Twins for Sustainability in the Context of Biological Transformation
Authors: Seegrün Anne , Mügge Janine , Riedelsheimer Theresa , Lindow Kai
Published: April 2023

Applying biological principles that are similar to those found in nature to product engineering and manufacturing offers new approaches to product and production systems and might lead to a significant contribution towards sustainability. By transferring materials, structures, and processes of natural to digital ecosystems industrial value creation can be optimized. A promising approach to establish a networked, self-regulating digital ecosystem represents a digital twin. The potential of digital twins within the context of biological transformation has not been researched yet. This paper attempts to provide a first entry into the research topic by identifying biological principles within the concept of a digital twin and analyzing its potential for biological transformation in the industry. As a main result, the paper presents a list of relevant principles of biological transformation based on a structured taxonomy. These are specified within the concept of a digital twin.
Establishment of an Appropriate Data Analytic Platform for Developing a Wisdom Manufacturing System Using Decision Techniques
Authors: Zeferino Emanuel Fernando , Mpofu Khumbulani , Makinde Olasumbo , Ramatsetse Boitumelo
Published: April 2023

In today’s global business context, data has played a critical role in ensuring accurate and appropriate decision making in manufacturing organisations. Despite the huge pool of information (i.e. data) generated by consumers, repair or maintenance shops, manufacturing job shop, scientific society on various products, which could be deployed by manufacturers in eliciting vital information towards achieving sustainable product design and development, only few manufacturers are making use of this data to generate wisdom required for sustainable manufacturing. This act is caused by lack of appropriate systems capable of integrating the available data and make wise inferences that will result in a competitive advantage of a specific organisation over its competitors. In light of this, the aim of this study is to establish a suitable data analytic platform that could be used to sort, classify and integrate data required to generate wisdom vital for sustainable manufacturing. In order to achieve this, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was deployed to appraise various alternative data analytical platforms such as Python, Apache Spark, Qlik View, Power BI, Tableau, KNIME, Excel, Talend, Rapid Miner and Statistical Analysis System (SAS) using various criteria such as Data Format, Availability, Interface, Programming Intensity, Data Science Knowledge Intensity and Capabilities. The result of this decision analysis and selection exercise, revealed that KNIME data analytic platform, with the most important decision criterion; data science knowledge intensity, and a cumulative assessment score of 80.80 is the appropriate data analytic platform that manufacturers should use to generate a knowledge advisor vital for sustainable manufacturing and product development.
A Model Calculation of CO2 Emissions Saving Potential for Fine Blanking of Inductively Heated Sheet Metal with Comparison of the Product Variants
Authors: Weiser Ingo Felix , Herrig Tim , Bergs Thomas
Published: April 2023

The steel processing industry must increasingly question itself with regard to environmental aspects, especially for automobile production. As a consequence of the resulting lightweight construction requirements in the automotive sector, manufacturing processes of industrial relevance must deal with high-strength steels. In case of fine blanking, the process faces its limits already when processing medium-high tensile strength steels because of high tool wear or failure. A promising approach to overcome these process limits is the introduction of heat into the processed metal sheet in order to lower the flow stress of the steel. In order to estimate the sustainability of a fine blanking process with inductively heated sheets, the energy input during heating is investigated in this work. An energy balance is drawn for fine blanking of inductively heated sheets. A further component of the work is the subsequent use phase of the components produced in this way. A consideration of the greenhouse gas emissions savings potential by fine blanking in the German automotive production shows possible future perspectives for manufacturing. It could be found that by substituting standard fine blanking process by inductively heated fine blanking of higher strength steels greenhouse gas emissions can be decreased.
Techno-Economic Assessment of Biogas to Liquid Fuel Conversion via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: A Case Study of Biogas Generated from Municipal Sewage
Authors: Katiyo Munashe , Gudukeya Loice , Kanganga Mufaro , Sukdeo Nita
Published: April 2023

This research looks at how biogas (a renewable energy resource) can be harnessed using municipal sewage waste, and the potential of biogas use for generating liquid fuels (diesel and petrol) using Fischer Tropsch synthesis. The research also looks at the economic implications of carrying out the venture, and also determines the viability and feasibility of developing such an initiative in Zimbabwe. The production of biofuel from biogas via Fischer Tropsch synthesis was successfully simulated using the Aspen Plus simulation software which enabled a techno‐economic assessment to be conducted based on these results. The minimum retail price of Fischer Tropsch diesel and petrol fuel was determined to be slightly under $1.10/litre for both fuels, with an annual total plant production capacity of 200 million litres per year. The plant was designed to produce around 270 000 L of petrol fuel per day that can be refined and further upgraded to premium quality grade petrol for export. The plant was also designed to produce nearly 320 000 L of diesel fuel per day for direct use as liquid transportation fuel. The total biogas input requirement for the plant is 700 tonnes/hour of biogas (2000 m3/hour) [1m3 = 0.353 tonnes]. The total sulphur production is 30 tonnes per day, and the total carbon dioxide extracted and captured is 1500 tonnes per day. The total plant cost was estimated at $200 million USD. The financial analysis for the plant operations shows positive financial performance with a nearly 20% return on investment. A payback period of 5 years is projected.
The LaST Tool – The Longevity and Sustainable Transition Tool
Authors: Jensen Peter Byrial , Haase Louise Møller , Cooper Tim , Steward Joseph , Marsh Phillipa , Laursen Linda Nhu
Published: April 2023

Due to customers’ increased focus on environmental sustainability, companies have been looking to position themselves as producers of consumer goods with greater longevity. Useful tools exist within academia to assist companies in this transformation process. However, the knowledge is scattered, and the focus of tools is often on either the mapping of companies’ status quo or actionable solutions that increase the longevity of their products. Creating a common understanding and coherency to make the knowledge usable in practice has proven to be difficult, as an immediate match of the most appropriate action tools to the mappings does not exist. Therefore, there is a need for a practical transition tool that, in the process of mapping, assists companies in understanding their positions and potential and proposes suitable action tools to assist in the required change process for producing consumer goods with greater longevity. This could mitigate the challenges for practitioners and bridge the different types of tools, hence enabling companies to develop products with increased longevity more easily.
Classifying Multi-generational Products for the Circular Economy
Authors: Hapuwatte Buddhika M. , Badurdeen Fazleena , Jawahir I. S.
Published: April 2023

Manufacturers are increasingly interested in the circular economy (CE) and potential of circular productions. To fully utilize CE, better guidance at the design stage is needed to establish closed-loop flows and prioritize higher value retaining end-of-use (EoU) practices such as reuse and remanufacture (i.e., parts harvesting). Intergenerational commonality (IC) is a method to increase EoU parts harvesting. However, closed-loop parts harvesting potential depends on the compatible timing between design generations' production and EoU returns curves. Therefore, in this paper, we explore an approach to make an initial assessment on where IC as a closed-loop CE strategy can produce most benefit, where such closed-loops may fall short, and what favorable design decisions can be made. The proposed indicator (based on the ratio between product's average usable lifetime and time between generation introductions, uavg/tintro) provides a basis for developing an objective design-support tool. Using a hypothetical example, we discuss the approach and effectiveness of this indicator. The insights gained suggest that overall production's sustainability performance show substantial improvement when uavg/tintro < 1.25, and the IC benefits are highest when 0.25 < uavg/tintro < 2.0. We also highlight a few managerial insights gained from the indicator useful to strategize EoU recovery and IC.
On representation matrices of boundary conditions in SU(n) gauge theories compactified on two-dimensional orbifolds
Authors: Kawamura Yoshiharu , Kodaira Eiji , Kojima Kentaro , Yamashita Toshifumi
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We study the existence of diagonal representatives in each equivalence class of representation matrices of boundary conditions in SU(n) or U(n) gauge theories compactified on the orbifolds T2/ℤN (N = 2, 3, 4, 6). We suppose that the theory has a global G′ = U(n) symmetry. Using constraints, unitary transformations and gauge transformations, we examine whether the representation matrices can simultaneously become diagonal or not. We show that at least one diagonal representative necessarily exists in each equivalence class on T2/ℤ2 and T2/ℤ3, but the representation matrices on T2/ℤ4 and T2/ℤ6 can contain not only diagonal matrices but also non-diagonal 2 × 2 ones and non-diagonal 3 × 3 and 2 × 2 ones, respectively, as members of block-diagonal submatrices. These non-diagonal matrices have discrete parameters, which means that the rank-reducing symmetry breaking can be caused by the discrete Wilson line phases.