bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Four out of ten married women utilized modern contraceptive method in Ethiopia: A Multilevel analysis of the 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey
Authors: Shagaro Sewunet Sako , Gebabo Teshale Fikadu , Mulugeta Be’emnet Tekabe
Published: January 2022

Background

Modern contraceptive method is a product or medical procedure that interferes with reproduction from acts of sexual intercourse. Globally in 2019, 44% of women of reproductive age were using a modern method of contraception but it was 29% in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the main aim of this analysis was to assess the prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among married women in Ethiopia.

Method

The current study used the 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey dataset. Both descriptive and multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis were done using STATA version 14. A p-value of less than 0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were used to report statistically significant factors with modern contraceptive utilization.

Result

The overall modern contraceptive utilization among married women in Ethiopia was 38.7% (95% CI: 37.3% to 40.0%). Among the modern contraceptive methods, injectables were the most widely utilized modern contraceptive method (22.82%) followed by implants (9.65%) and pills (2.71%). Maternal age, educational level, wealth index, number of living children, number of births in the last three years, number of under 5 children in the household, religion, and geographic region were independent predictors of modern contraceptive utilization.

Conclusion

In the current study only four out of ten married non-pregnant women of reproductive age utilized modern contraceptive methods. Furthermore, the study has identified both individual and community-level factors that can affect the utilization of modern contraceptive methods by married women in the country. Therefore, concerned bodies need to improve access to reproductive health services, empower women through community-based approaches, and minimize region wise discrepancy to optimize the utilization.
Space-time clustering-based method to optimize shareability in real-time ride-sharing
Authors: Alisoltani Negin , Ameli Mostafa , Zargayouna Mahdi , Leclercq Ludovic
Published: January 2022

Real-time ride-sharing has become popular in recent years. However, the underlying optimization problem for this service is highly complex. One of the most critical challenges when solving the problem is solution quality and computation time, especially in large-scale problems where the number of received requests is huge. In this paper, we rely on an exact solving method to ensure the quality of the solution, while using AI-based techniques to limit the number of requests that we feed to the solver. More precisely, we propose a clustering method based on a new shareability function to put the most shareable trips inside separate clusters. Previous studies only consider Spatio-temporal dependencies to do clustering on the mobility service requests, which is not efficient in finding the shareable trips. Here, we define the shareability function to consider all the different sharing states for each pair of trips. Each cluster is then managed with a proposed heuristic framework in order to solve the matching problem inside each cluster. As the method favors sharing, we present the number of sharing constraints to allow the service to choose the number of shared trips. To validate our proposal, we employ the proposed method on the network of Lyon city in France, with half-million requests in the morning peak from 6 to 10 AM. The results demonstrate that the algorithm can provide high-quality solutions in a short time for large-scale problems. The proposed clustering method can also be used for different mobility service problems such as car-sharing, bike-sharing, etc.
Evaluation of a parasite-density based pooled targeted amplicon deep sequencing (TADS) method for molecular surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance genes in Haiti
Authors: Louha Swarnali , Herman Camelia , Gupta Mansi , Patel Dhruviben , Kelley Julia , OH Je-Hoon M. , Guru Janani , Lemoine Jean F. , Chang Michelle A. , Venkatachalam Udhayakumar , Rogier Eric , Talundzic Eldin
Published: January 2022

Sequencing large numbers of individual samples is often needed for countrywide antimalarial drug resistance surveillance. Pooling DNA from several individual samples is an alternative cost and time saving approach for providing allele frequency (AF) estimates at a population level. Using 100 individual patient DNA samples of dried blood spots from a 2017 nationwide drug resistance surveillance study in Haiti, we compared codon coverage of drug resistance-conferring mutations in four Plasmodium falciparum genes (crt, dhps, dhfr, and mdr1), for the same deep sequenced samples run individually and pooled. Samples with similar real-time PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values (+/- 1.0 Ct value) were combined with ten samples per pool. The sequencing success for samples in pools were higher at a lower parasite density than the individual samples sequence method. The median codon coverage for drug resistance-associated mutations in all four genes were greater than 3-fold higher in the pooled samples than in individual samples. The overall codon coverage distribution for pooled samples was wider than the individual samples. The sample pools with < 40 parasites/μL blood showed more discordance in AF calls for dhfr and mdr1 between the individual and pooled samples. This discordance in AF estimation may be due to low amounts of parasite DNA, which could lead to variable PCR amplification efficiencies. Grouping samples with an estimated ≥ 40 parasites/μL blood prior to pooling and deep sequencing yielded the expected population level AF. Pooling DNA samples based on estimates of > 40 parasites/μL prior to deep sequencing can be used for rapid genotyping of a large number of samples for these four genes and possibly other drug resistant markers in population-based studies. As Haiti is a low malaria transmission country with very few mixed infections and continued chloroquine sensitivity, the pooled sequencing approach can be used for routine national molecular surveillance of resistant parasites.
Pressure, compromise and overwork: How Australian regional journalists gain job satisfaction through community service
Authors: Stephens Elizabeth Jane , Natoli Rosanna
Published: January 2022

In a time of enormous change in the Australian news media industry – with outlet closures, redesign of company business models, rationalization of staff and shifts in medium uptake – this article explores journalists’ exposure to and perceptions of work pressures in their jobs. It explores the relationship of these experiences with the journalists’ job satisfaction. The study reports that journalists find the industry difficult and demanding, with time pressures, ethical compromise and overwork being their main concerns. However, the study also found that journalists still derive satisfaction from a profession they perceive as meaningful through informing their communities about matters that affect their decision making and how they live. This passion for community service alongside the notion of holding authority to account result in a sense of overarching job satisfaction. This article presents part of a study that investigated the experience of journalists in remote and regional media organizations in Queensland and New South Wales through survey and interviews.
1655 Escala em Coimbra: Um jovem jesuíta entre o Ocidente e o Oriente
Authors: Golvers Noël , Simões Carlota
Published: January 2022

Na carta que aqui se publica, um jovem padre jesuíta educado nos colégios da Companhia de Jesus de Brabante faz um relato detalhado da vida no Colégio de Jesus de Coimbra, onde permaneceu alguns meses no ano de 1655, numa escala imprevista durante a sua viagem entre a Europa e o Extremo Oriente.
A descrição de Inácio Hartoghvelt oferece-nos uma visita guiada aos espaços da Companhia de Jesus de Coimbra (Colégio de Jesus, Colégio das Artes, Quinta de Vila Franca), permitindo-nos olhar para os edifícios pelo seu lado de dentro, dando-nos a oportunidade de vislumbrar as quase duas centenas de ocupantes nas suas atividades diárias. Inácio compara constantemente o colégio de Coimbra com os de Brabante, enfatizando a austeridade espartana em Coimbra. Alguns aspetos provocam o espanto do autor, revelando também a sua admiração e o seu respeito ao perceber que esta escala em Coimbra era a melhor preparação para as dificuldades que o aguardavam na sua missão na China. —— In de brief die hier gepubliceerd wordt, geeft een jonge jezuïetenpriester, opgeleid aan de colleges van de Societeit van Jesus in Brabant, een gedetailleerd verslag van zijn leven aan het Colégio de Jesus in Coimbra, waar hij in 1655 enkele maanden verbleef, tijdens een onvoorziene tussenstop op zijn reis van Europa naar het Verre Oosten.
Ignatius Hartoghvelt’s beschrijving biedt ons een rondleiding door de ruimtes van de Societeit van Jesus in Coimbra (Colégio de Jesus, Colégio das Artes, Quinta de Vila Franca), waardoor we de gebouwen van binnenuit kunnen bekijken, en de kans krijgen om een glimp op te vangen van de bijna tweehonderd bewoners in hun dagelijkse bezigheden. Ignatius vergelijkt voortdurend het Colégio van Coimbra met de colleges van Brabant en benadrukt daarbij de Spartaanse soberheid in Coimbra. Sommige aspecten lokken de verbazing van de auteur uit en tonen ook zijn bewondering en respect omdat hij besefte dat deze tussenstop in Coimbra de beste voorbereiding was op de moeilijkheden die hem te wachten stonden tijdens zijn missie in China.
Political polarization and its consequences on democratic accountability
Authors: Körösényi András
Published: January 2022

This paper first explores the polarizationthesis, according to which between 1990-2010 political polarization increased to a large extent in the Hungarian political elite and among citizens, although it did not undermine the stability of the political system. Second, it gives an endogenousexplanation for this phenomenon. Third, through theoretical discussion and empirical examples taken from Hungarian politics it is revealed that although growing polarization has not generated regime instability, it reduces, or might reduce, the efficiency of the operation of democracy. Five mechanisms of the effects of ideological polarization which weaken democratic accountability are explored.
Manoeuvring as an integration strategy among immigrants
Authors: Turai Tünde
Published: January 2022

The analysis of the integration strategies followed by migrants provides a good insight into this process in order to understand better the interaction between the migrants and the receiving society. This perspective integrates the micro, the mezzo and the macro level of social scientific analysis, because migrants face directly problems related to the different levels of social life, so their surviving strategies are reactions to this whole intertwined complex. I propose to approach the integration of the migrants by investigating their manoeuvring technique. Most migrants make huge efforts for making contacts with the receiving community. Even those who live in ethnic enclaves need to have some basic contacts with the surrounding world. In my paper I analyse narrative and semi-structured interviews conducted with third country immigrants living in Hungary, and I focus on the slalom techniques they follow trying to avoid the traps of integration in the bureaucratic processes, the labour market and the social life in general.
Hopes of a Triadic Model for Women Empowerment and Community Development: a lesson of Indian experience to Hungary
Authors: Karunanithi Gopalakrishnan
Published: January 2022

Self-Help Group, Microcredit and Microenterprise as a triadic model proved to be worthwhile to promote women empowerment and community development in India. This paper attempts to study the success and failure of this model in India and also to explore the possibilities of applying this to the Roma communities in Hungary to improve their socio-economic condition.
On Nina Bandelj and Frederick F. Wherry (2011), The cultural wealth of nations
Authors: Bauer Zsofia
Published: January 2022

The authors of this volume investigate their posed questions about the cultural wealth of nations by relying on the traditions of Viviana A. Zelizer and Alejandro Portes, who had ‘visions of an economic sociology that enfolds culture and development into its core’ (p. x.). Cultural economic sociology seeks to analyze the effects that culture, cultural differences and cultural heritage can have on economies through using sociological methods and theories to dissect how (intentionally or unintentionally) cultural advantages/cultural wealth can contribute to economic growth and local development.
Colonoscopy related adverse events in patients with abnormal stool-based tests – A systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of outcomes
Authors: Chandan Saurabh , Facciorusso Antonio , Yarra Pradeep , Khan Shahab R. , Ramai Daryl , Mohan Babu P. , Kassab Lena L. , Bilal Mohammad , Shaukat Aasma
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs based on the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and guaiac-based fecal occult blood (gFOBT) are associated with a substantial reduction in CRC incidence and mortality. We conducted a systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate colonoscopy related adverse events in individuals with a positive FIT or gFOBT.

METHODS:

A systematic and detailed search was run in January 2021 with the assistance of a medical librarian for studies reporting on colonoscopy related adverse events as part of organized colorectal cancer screening programs. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model and results were expressed in terms of pooled proportions along with relevant 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS:

A total of 771,730 colonoscopies were performed in patients undergoing CRC screening using either gFOBT or FIT across 31 studies. Overall pooled incidence of severe adverse events in the entire patient cohort was 0.42% (CI 0.20—0.64); I2=38.76%. In patients with abnormal gFOBT, the incidence was 0.2% (CI 0.1-0.3); I2=24.6% and in patients with a positive FIT, it was 0.4% (CI 0.2-0.7); I2=48.89%. The overall pooled incidence of perforation, bleeding and death was 0.13% (CI 0.09-0.21); I2=22.84%, 0.3% (CI 0.2-0.4); I2=35.58% and 0.01% (CI 0.00-0.01); I2=33.21%, respectively.

DISCUSSION:

Our analysis shows that in colonoscopies performed following abnormal stool-based testing, the overall risk of severe adverse events, perforation, bleeding, and death is minimal.
Motivation to Reduce Drinking and Engagement in Alcohol Misuse Treatment in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A National Health Survey
Authors: Kann Anna Emilie , Jepsen Peter , Madsen Lone Galmstrup , Crooks Colin , Fleming Kate , Christensen Anne Illemann , Lau Cathrine Juel , West Joe , Askgaard Gro
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:

The study aim was to identify predictors of motivation to reduce alcohol consumption and whether motivation predicts engagement in alcohol misuse treatment in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD).

METHODS:

Data from health surveys and health-care registries were combined.

RESULTS:

Of 674 patients with ALD, 65% consumed alcohol. Recent hospital admission and severe alcohol problems were associated with motivation to reduce alcohol consumption. Two-year probability for engagement in misuse treatment was 29% for patients with motivation to reduce alcohol consumption versus 6.5% for patients without motivation.

DISCUSSION:

ALD patients with recent hospital admission were more motivated to cut down alcohol consumption, and motivation predicted engagement in alcohol misuse treatment. This insight can help us target brief interventions.
Development of the AI-Cirrhosis-ECG Score: An Electrocardiogram-Based Deep Learning Model in Cirrhosis
Authors: Ahn Joseph C. , Attia Zachi I. , Rattan Puru , Mullan Aidan F. , Buryska Seth , Allen Alina M. , Kamath Patrick S. , Friedman Paul A. , Shah Vijay H. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Simonetto Douglas A.
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Cirrhosis is associated with cardiac dysfunction and distinct electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities. This study aimed to develop a proof-of-concept deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) model that could detect cirrhosis-related signals on ECG and generate an AI-Cirrhosis-ECG (ACE) score that would correlate with disease severity.

METHODS:

A review of Mayo Clinic's electronic health records identified 5,212 patients with advanced cirrhosis ≥18 years who underwent liver transplantation at the 3 Mayo Clinic transplant centers between 1988 and 2019. The patients were matched by age and sex in a 1:4 ratio to controls without liver disease and then divided into training, validation, and test sets using a 70%-10%-20% split. The primary outcome was the performance of the model in distinguishing patients with cirrhosis from controls using their ECGs. In addition, the association between the ACE score and the severity of patients' liver disease was assessed.

RESULTS:

The model's area under the curve in the test set was 0.908 with 84.9% sensitivity and 83.2% specificity, and this performance remained consistent after additional matching for medical comorbidities. Significant elevations in the ACE scores were seen with increasing model for end-stage liver disease-sodium score. Longitudinal trends in the ACE scores before and after liver transplantation mirrored the progression and resolution of liver disease.

DISCUSSION:

The ACE score, a deep learning model, can accurately discriminate ECGs from patients with and without cirrhosis. This novel relationship between AI-enabled ECG analysis and cirrhosis holds promise as the basis for future low-cost tools and applications in the care of patients with liver disease.
The enlargement process on hold? Comparison of the French and German positions towards the widening of the EU
Authors:   International Burch University, Makul Anes
Published: January 2022

This work aims to compare the enlargement policies of France and Germany, which are regarded as the leaders of the EU and whose policies are assumed to have a significant impact on other states within the Union. Additional to the political significance, these two countries are among the founding members of the Union and have been part of every of the seven enlargement rounds. Besides similarities, there is also a significant difference between these two states in their approach to the expansion of the EU. While France acts as an enlargement skeptic, Germany acts as a supporter of the widening process. The general hypothesis is that the enlargement policies of these two states are determined by the perceived costs and benefits of such policy.
Causes and Consequences of the World Financial Crisis 2008: A Historical Perspective
Authors:   International Burch University, Maksic Adis , Delalic Selma , Olovčić Adem
Published: January 2022

Abstract: This paper situates the 2008 Global Financial Crisis into the wider historical context to argue that the roots of the crisis can be traced back to the dominant economic ideology in the West during the 1970s. It shows that the corresponding financial policies, implemented by the powerful western economies during the four decades that preceded the crisis, created an institutional framework that fostered financial irresponsibility and made the crisis all but inevitable. The paper also explores the ideas that led to the stabilization of the global market as well as the role of China in charting the way ahead. Ultimately, the discussion highlights the inherent tendency of neoliberal economic ideology to create market instabilities whose consequences for the global economy can be devastating.
PENERAPAN DIAGRAM KENDALI MAXIMUM MULTIVARIATE CUMULATIVE SUM (MAX-MCUSUM) PADA PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK KACANG (Studi Kasus: Produk Kacang Garing di PT XY)
Authors: Aprilianti Sintia Rizki , Widiharih Tatik , Sudarno Sudarno
Published: January 2022

Now, Statistical quality control be a particular concern to large companies.PT XY is one of the largest nut company in Indonesia that has implemented the quality standards of a product. Max-MCUSUM control chart becomes a tool that is graphically used to monitor and evaluate whether the process is under control or nut. Based on Cheng and Thaga (2005), Max-MCUSUM control chart takes precedence over detecting small shift based on average and variability in industry data. The quality characteristic of Kacang Garing will be variables, namely broken nut skin, bean seed 1, and foam nut skin. Max-MCUSUM control chart is controlled with the control limit (h) from ARL (Average Run Length) simulation of 370 is 429,69. ARL is an average of samples that need to be decribed before it goes out of control. The research continued with multivariate capability process with MCp worth 0,905 and MCpk worth 1,355. Those value indicates that Kacang Garing has met the quality specification stipulated by PT XY. Broken nut skin becomes the most dominant cause based on pareto chart and carried out analysis by using fishbone chart so that is known the main factor causing broken nut skin are machine, material, and method.
PENERAPAN TEXT MINING UNTUK MELAKUKAN CLUSTERING DATA TWEET AKUN BLIBLI PADA MEDIA SOSIAL TWITTER MENGGUNAKAN K-MEANS CLUSTERING
Authors: Fani Syiva Multi , Santoso Rukun , Suparti Suparti
Published: January 2022

Social media is computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas, thoughts, and information through the building of virtual networks and communities. Twitter is one of the most popular social media in Indonesia which has 78 million users. Businesses rely heavily on Twitter for advertising. Businesses can use these types of tweet content as a means of advertising to Twitter users by Knowing the types of tweet content that are mostly retweeted by their followers . In this study, the application of Text Mining to perform clustering using the K-means clustering method with the best number of clusters obtained from the Silhouette Coefficient method on the @bliblidotcom Twitter tweet data to determine the types of tweet content that are mostly retweeted by @bliblidotcom followers. Tweets with the most retweets and favorites are discount offers and flash sales, so Blibli Indonesia could use this kind of tweet to conduct advertising on social media Twitter because the prize quiz tweets are liked by the @bliblidotcom Twitter account followers.
PERBANDINGAN MODEL REGRESI BINOMIAL NEGATIF BIVARIAT DENGAN MODEL GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED NEGATIVE BINOMIAL BIVARIAT REGRESSION (GWNBBR) PADA KASUS ANGKA KEMATIAN BAYI DAN KEMATIAN IBU DI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Islami Yashmine Noor , Ispriyanti Dwi , Kartikasari Puspita
Published: January 2022

Infant mortality (0-11 months) and maternal mortality (during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum) are significant indicators in determining the level of public health. Central Java Province which has 35 regencies/cities is included in the top five regions with the highest number of infant and maternal mortality in Indonesia. The data characteristics of the number of infants and maternal mortality are count data. Therefore, the Poisson Regression method can be used to analyze the factors that influence the number of infants and maternal mortality. In Poisson regression analysis, there must be a fulfilled assumption, called equidispersion. Frequently, the variance of count data is greater than the mean, which is known as the overdispersion. The research, binomial negative bivariate regression is used as a solutions to overcome the problem of overdispersion in poisson regression. This method produce a global model. In reality, the geographical, socio-cultural, and economic conditions of each region will be different. This illustrates the effect of spatial heterogeneity, so it needs to be developed into Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Bivariate Regression (GWNBBR). The model of GWNBBR provides weighting based on the position or distance from one observation area to another. Significant variables for modeling infant mortality cases included the percentage of obstetric complications treated (X1), the percentage of infants who were exclusively breastfed (X3), and the percentage of poor people (X5). Significant variable for modeling maternal mortality cases is the percentage of poor people (X5). Based on the AIC value, GWNBBR model is better than binomial negatif bivariat regression model because it has a smaller AIC value.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL ACCELERATED FAILURE TIME (AFT) BERDISTRIBUSI LOG-LOGISTIK PADA PASIEN PENYAKIT JANTUNG BAWAAN
Authors: Nooriqfina Dwi , Sudarno Sudarno , Santoso Rukun
Published: January 2022

Log-Logistic Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) model is survival analysis that is used when the survival time follows Log-Logistic distribution. Log-Logistic AFT model can be used to estimate survival time, survival function, and hazard function. Log-Logistic AFT model was formed by regressing covariates linierly against the log of survival time. Regression coefficients are estimated using maximum likelihood method. This study uses data from Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) patients, which is a congenital disease with a hole in the wall that separates the top of two chambers of the heart by using sensor type III. Survival time as the response variable, that is the time from patient was diagnosed with ASD until the first relapse and uses age, gender, treatment status (catheterization/surgery), defect size that is the size of the hole in the heart terrace, pulmonary hypertension status, and pain status as predictor variables. The result showed that variable gender, treatment status, defect size, pulmonary hypertension status, and pain status affect the first recurrence of ASD patients, so it is found that category of female, untreated patient, defect size ≥12mm, having pulmonary hypertension, having chest pain tend to have first recurrence sooner than the other category.
PEMODELAN DAN PERAMALAN INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN (IHSG) MENGGUNAKAN ARIMAX-TARCH
Authors: Fauziyah Endah , Ispriyanti Dwi , Tarno Tarno
Published: January 2022

The Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG) is a value that describes the combined performance of all shares listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. JCI serves as a benchmark for investors in investing. The method used to predict future conditions based on past data is forecasting . Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Variables (ARIMAX) is amodel time series that can be used for forecasting. Financial data has high volatility which causes the variance of the residual model which is not constant (heteroscedasticity). ARCH / GARCH model is used to solve the heteroscedasticity problem in the model. If the data is heteroscedastic and asymmetric, then the model can be used Threshold Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (TARCH). The data used are the Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG) for the January 2000 - April 2020 period and the dollar exchange rate data for the January 2000 - April 2020 period asvariables independent from the ARIMAX model. The best model used to predict the JCI from the results of this study is the ARIMAX (1,1,0) -TARCH (1,2) model with an AIC value of -0.819074.
Milites Apollinis. Studenti medicíny z českých zemí na basilejské univerzitě v 16. a raném 17. století
Authors: Holý Martin , Vaculínová Marta
Published: January 2022

This contribution is a preliminary study for a monograph on students from the Czech Lands in Basel, focusing on those who studied medicine. It maps their geographic and social origin, their adherence to religious denominations, the curricula they followed, as well as their careers after a completion of their studies. Separately, attention is paid to their literary activities, which was mostly academic, but also related less formal literary creations.
František Vavřinec Rabas, OFMCap (1901–1969) jako pedagog a blízký spolupracovník litoměřického biskupa Štěpána Trochty
Authors: Barus Martin , Brčák Marek
Published: January 2022

The article is dedicated to Roman Catholic priest, František Rabas, who was in 1918–1946 member of the Friars Minor Capuchin and thus used his monastic name Vavřinec. The chief aim of the text is to connect his two, so far in effect separately perceived identities, that is, one of the Capuchin historiographer, teacher, and educator, the other of the Rector of the seminary in Litoměřice and a secret vicar general of the Litoměřice bishopric. For this ‘subversive’ activity, he was in 1954 together with his bishop, Štěpán Trochta, and other collaborators, sentenced to many years in prison. The authors present a comprehensive biography of a notable personage of the Czech Catholic Church and Catholic intellectual circles of the first two thirds of the twentieth century, whose life aptly demonstrates the developments in the Catholic Church.
Zemřel slovenský znalec církevních dějin a historie trnavské univerzity
Authors: Čornejová Ivana
Published: January 2022

Obituary on Jozef Šimončič.
Martin Franc a kol., Dějiny Akademie múzických umění v Praze
Authors: Továrek Michal
Published: January 2022

Book review on Martin Franc a kol., Dějiny Akademie múzických umění v Praze, Nakladatelství AMU, Praha 2017, 382 s., ISBN 978-80-7331-422-4.
Radomil Hradil, 17. listopad ’89 – co se stalo na Národní
Authors: Továrek Michal
Published: January 2022

Book review on Radomil Hradil, 17. listopad ’89 – co se stalo na Národní
Franesa, Lelekovice 2019, 268 s., ISBN 978-80-907414-4-7.
A blending of Buddhism, social engagement, and alternative agriculture from Thailand: the Maap Euang Meditation Center for Sufficiency Economy
Authors: Schertenleib Dimitri
Published: January 2022

Today, across all the places where the various Buddhist schools have established themselves, there is a broad phenomenon with heterogeneous characteristics and manifestations called engaged Buddhism or socially engaged Buddhism. What unites the advocates of this movement is the way the Buddhist notion of dukkha (i.e., ‘suffering’) is interpreted to include the economic, political, social, and even ecological dimensions of suffering in the contemporary world. Engaged Buddhists have reformulated the normative teachings of dukkha to make them relevant to current issues. In this paper, I present an example of ecologically and socially engaged Theravāda Buddhism of the Maap Euang Meditation Center for Sufficiency Economy, in Thailand near Bangkok. Members of this community have developed a form of engaged Buddhism that treats ideas of “sufficiency” economy and peasant agroecology. To understand this movement, I will argue that the discipline of Buddhist Studies needs to combine the study of ancient canonical texts with the study of their contemporary interpretations.
Performance analysis of long band passive optical network using amplifier spontaneous noise and fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Mohal Ranbir Singh , Kaur Rajbir , Singh Charanjit
Published: January 2022

Long band (L-Band) passive optical networks (PONs) are attracting a lot of attention these days, thanks to rising capacity demands. Because of PONs requesting more and more channels, fault detection/monitoring is critical. Fault detection in the conventional band (C-Band) employing reflecting Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) and a probe signal integrating an additional amplified spontaneous noise (ASEN) source has been frequently demonstrated. However, interference occurs when ASEN and transmitter signals are in the same wavelength band, and adding additional ASEN sources to the network raises the overall cost. So, in L-Band PONs, a cost-effective, low-complexity fault detection/monitoring system is required. Therefore, in this work, a fault detection/monitoring system for L-Band PON using C-Band ASEN from inline erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and dual purpose FBG, i.e. (1) ASEN reflection for fault monitoring and (2) dispersion compensation is proposed. A 4 × 10 Gbps L-Band PON is investigated over 40 km feeder fiber (FF) and 1 km drop fibers (DFs) that serve 32 optical network units (ONUs)/different input powers, dispersion values, and laser linewidths in terms of reflective power of FBGs, eye opening factor, and bit error rate (BER), respectively.
Role of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the appearance of new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in Gran Canaria, Spain
Authors: Nóvoa-Medina Yeray , Pavlovic-Nesic Svetlana , González-Martín Jesús Ma , Hernández-Betancor Araceli , López Sara , Domínguez-García Angela , Quinteiro-Domínguez Sofía , Cabrera María , De La Cuesta Araceli , Caballero-Fernández Elisabeth , González-Perera María A. , De Miguel-Martínez Isabel , Ogle Graham D. , Wägner Ana M.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

It has been hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the development of different forms of diabetes mellitus (DM). The Canary Islands have the highest incidence of type 1 DM (T1DM) reported in Spain (30–35/100,000 children under 14 years/year). In 2020–2021 we observed the highest incidence so far on the island of Gran Canaria, as a result of which we decided to evaluate the possible role of COVID-19 in the increased number of onsets.

Methods

We examined the presence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in children with new onset T1DM between October 2020 and August 2021. We compared recent T1DM incidence with that of the previous 10 years.

Results

Forty-two patients were diagnosed with T1DM (48.1/100,000 patients/year), representing a nonsignificant 25.7% increase from the expected incidence. Of the 33 patients who consented to the study, 32 presented negative IgG values, with only one patient reflecting undiagnosed past infection. Forty-four percent of patients presented with ketoacidosis at onset, which was similar to previous years.

Conclusions

We conclude that there is no direct relationship between the increased incidence of T1DM and SARS-CoV-2 in the region. The COVID-19 pandemic did not result in an increased severity of T1DM presentation.
Bayesian Analysis of State Voter Registration Database Integrity
Authors: Cao Jian , Kim Seo-young Silvia , Alvarez R. Michael
Published: January 2022

How do we ensure a statewide voter registration database’s accuracy and integrity, especially when the database depends on aggregating decentralized, sub-state data with different list maintenance practices? We develop a Bayesian multivariate multilevel model to account for correlated patterns of change over time in multiple response variables, and label statewide anomalies using deviations from model predictions. We apply our model to California’s 22 million registered voters, using 25 snapshots from the 2020 presidential election. We estimate countywide change rates for multiple response variables such as changes in voter’s partisan affiliation and jointly model these changes. The model outperforms a simple interquartile range (IQR) detection when tested with synthetic data. This is a proof-of-concept that demonstrates the utility of the Bayesian methodology, as despite the heterogeneity in list maintenance practices, a principled, statistical approach is useful. At the county level, the total numbers of anomalies are positively correlated with the average election cost per registered voter between 2017 and 2019. Given the recent efforts to modernize and secure voter list maintenance procedures in the For the People Act of 2021, we argue that checking whether counties or municipalities are behaving similarly at the state level is also an essential step in ensuring electoral integrity.
`One Man´s Gain Is Another Man´s Loss´? Interim Report on the Consequences of Emigration for Those Staying at Home in the 18th Century
Authors: Fata Márta
Published: January 2022

Research on historical migration has so far focused on the impact of immigration on recipient areas. Although several researchers have already pointed out this bias, no studies have been conducted on the impact of emigration from the early German Empire on the affected areas. In this study, the southern German territories affected by emigration to Hungary in the 18th century are examined. Through some examples, the paper seeks to assess potential source groups and provide a preliminary picture of impacts. In conclusion, further research needs to be carried out through intensive resource exploration, covering individuals, smaller communities along with distinct provinces and regions.
Entrepreneurs, Enterprises and Innovation in Pécs (1850–1914)
Authors: Kaposi Zoltán
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study. To examine how the 19th century economic modernisation (Western type of industrialisation, technological transformation and the birth of the manufacturing industry) unfolded in Central Europe; and more importantly in Hungary, at Pécs, and what technological innovations were created by local entrepreneurs. Applied methods. Literature review including the history of the manufacturing industry. We involved sources from monographies, employment and census records, reminiscences and our own data from researches of archives. The research framework is the history of distinct businesses. We introduced five businesses whose economic effects influenced the operations of Pécs in the long run. We made a structural analysis examining the entrepreneur and its business together. Outcomes. The Austrian First-Danube-Steamboat-Shipping Company (DDSG) became the largest works in the city by starting intensive coal mining and creating modern technological background since 1852. It employed four thousand souls at the beginning of the 20th century and the city profited a lot from its developments (railway construction and electric power plant). The Zsolnay Porcelain Manufactory quickly became the synonym of Pécs. Vilmos Zsolnay ended up being a world famous entrepreneur because of his technological innovations (eosin, pyrogranite, etc…) and products. The term “Glove of Pécs” came alive in the ages of the dual monarchy. János Hamerli founded the first glove manufacturing plant in the country. The Angster Organs have played for hundred and fifty years. The company founded by József Angster emerged at the end of the 19th century and represented state of art technology.
Situation économique des orphelins du domaine du fonds public de Versend dans la première partie du 19ème siècle
Authors: Borsy Judit
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study. The fundamental question is what factors influenced the living conditions of the 515 orphans left in the Versend estate between 1815 and 1848. To what extent impacted the inherited wealth, the age of the orphaned child, the number of siblings, and the role of guardianship and lordship shaping the fate of orphans. Applied methods. The orphan census and orphan documents of the Versend estate formed the basis of the research. With the help of data referring to their financial conditions, it was possible to compare the types of heritage and the handling of it. On the one hand, we examined the percentage distribution of all assets, and on the other hand, we performed calculations by filtering out different groups. The conclusions drawn from the figures were confirmed by examining individual examples. In the course of the research, in addition to our previous processing of the orphans of the Pécsvárad public foundation estate, we also reviewed the works related to the orphans in France. Outcomes. Most of the orphans in Versend were very poor, and the loss of their parents made their situation much worse financially. The little more affluent only had the opportunity to learn, which mostly meant some kind of craftsmanship. Marriage also allowed orphans displaced from the family farm to get land, so orphans were married relatively early. Early deaths were affected by the scarcity of wealth, the number of siblings, the age of becoming an orphan. The fate of the orphans was basically determined by their financial situation, but its further development was influenced by the person of the guardian, their residence and circumstances, and even the solicitude of the orphan’s guardian.
Le rôle des pȃturages communaux dans l’agriculture de Pécs à l’époque du dualisme
Authors: Nagy Imre Gábor
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study. To show the role of pastoral animal husbandry in dualism in a large Hungarian city where the majority of the population lived from industry, trade, mining and transport. How did the city assembly approach the maintenance of the pasture that made up part of the land. Applied methods. We examined the archives of the Baranya County Archives of the Hungarian National Archives, the archives of the city assembly and the city council, the accounting office, the economic supervision, the city regulations and cadastral maps, documents and maps, and we reviewed the local press. Literature and statistical data were compared with the opinions of contemporaries. Outcomes. Research has convincingly demonstrated that pasturage was essential to the lifestyles of the poorer, more self-exploiting suburban residents in particular, and even in the 1910s, most cattle were driven out to Megyeri and Szigeti suburban pastures. In our period, however, the area of pastures decreased significantly due to the conversion of pastures into arable land and meadows, the expansion of the city, and the needs of the military (training ground, shooting range).
Komitat Somogy im Spiegel der Angaben der landwirtschaftlichen Betriebszählung vom Jahre 1935.
Authors: Fritz János
Published: January 2022

Purpose of the study. The study aims to present the most important findings of the analysis of the 1935 agricultural census in Somogy county, referring to the local solutions to the economic crisis. The situation in Somogy was unique since the county’s weight, dominated by large estates, increased in the Hungarian agricultural policy as the result of the Treaty of Trianon. Moreover, as leaders of national advocacy organizations, local agricultural leaders became key shapers of agricultural policy in these decades. Thus, an important question is to what extent the census’ data examined reflected the dominant role of these large landowners. Applied method. The study analyses statistical data and uses the method of historical comparison. Specifically, the 1935 Somogy County census data were analyzed and compared with the census data of 1895. The results thus obtained were compared with Somogy related conclusions of Kiss Albert’s work. Outcomes. One of the main objectives of the agricultural census carried out at the same time as the surveys of other countries was to test the impact of land reform that had recently been completed. On the other hand, the census was at some level part of the crisis management mechanism of the time, where intensification was the only way out of the agricultural crisis. Although this county was mainy dominated by large estates in the country, this is true even if we know from the analysis that by 1935 the proportion of large estates had decreased compared to the data of the 1895 survey. However, this decrease was not so much due to land reform, but rather to parcels and the increasing number of small leases. Somogy was in the middle in terms of intensification of agriculture, based on the national ranking. Although the division of labour and cooperation between large and small enterprises was becoming more and more common here, at that time, contrary to economic considerations, it was not yet possible completely get rid off the endevour of self-sufficiency on farms.
The Golden Age of Narrow-Gauge Railways in Hungary after World War II until the Transport Policy Concept of 1968, Through the Example of the Szerencs-Prügy Narrow-Gauge Railway
Authors: Pavletits Péter
Published: January 2022

The purpose of my study. The main target of my study was to survey the golden age of the Hungarian narrow-gauge railways from the and of WWII until the Transport Policy Concept of 1968. Beside the survey, I examined the impact of the Transport Policy Concept of 1968 on the narrow -gauge railways, especially at the Szerencs-Prügy narrow-gauge railway. Applied methods. Literature review including the history of the Hungarian narrow-gauge railways in the time frame of World War II and 1968. We involved sources from monographies, our own data from researches of archives, especially from MÁV Archive, and local newspapers of the above mentioned period. Outcomes. After WWII ended, notable narrow-gauge railway constructions begun, so we can call apostrophe the quarter century as the second golden age there history, however from the early 1960’s the communist regime did not sympathize with narrow-gauge railways (New Economic Mechanism in 1968). Therefore the railway system, which was more than 5000 kilometres long before, constantly began to diminish. Nowadays only 5% of the original system has left (245 kilometers) and today narrow-gauge railways – beside four lines - have only touristical funtion. Economic policy recommendations. With the implementation of the transport policy concept, 30% of the low-traffic lines and stations were closed by diverting their traffic to the road. These measures have done a lot of damage to domestic transport. The rate of closure of the sidelines was well above the level of similar measures of the European railways, but the road development did not take place to the extent planned and the loading engineering and other development measures necessary for the successful implementation of the concept were largely cancelled. The leftover railway network could not become an engine for the development of transport, its performances decreased and road transport took over the tasks of the railways even in areas where the railway proved to be more uneconomic.
The Businesses and the Innovations of Adolf Engel in the Second Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Varga Patrik Zsolt
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study. The study is about the businesses of Adolf Engel, a local entrepreneur of Pécs in the 19th century. The study is focused on finding answers to three main questions. Firstly, in what ways did Adolf Engel’s career differ from other great entrepreneurs of Pécs, such as Zsolnay, Angster or Hamerli? Secondly, how big was Engel’s impact on the local economy and how did he tackle the charcoal crisis by establishing industrial coal mining in Komló? Finally, what kind of innovations did he use and what were their effects? Applied methods. The research is based upon a wide range of sources. A great volume of domestic and international literature and the memoirs of Adolf Engel provided the background of the study. I used statistics of the era and I read numerous articles found in the Arcanum Digitheca and Hungarian Cultural Heritage Portal databases. Furthermore, I revealed and analysed archival sources of the Regional Archives of Baranya County of the National Archives of Hungary. I composed the study in chronological order and have summed up Engel’s work. Outcomes. By the end of the study, I was able to reflect on the differences of Adolf Engel’s entrepreneurial career. He managed multiple businesses in different sectors at the same time. He successfully participated in the development of the local economy and took part in solving the energy crisis. He applied several unusual innovations, but their outcome was undoubtedly positive and successful. Engels’s efforts are clearly telling of the career of a self-made businessman.
A razão como ordem social
Authors: Mallmann Rafaela Weber
Published: January 2022

O iluminismo reconhecido como período das luzes, emancipou a razão humana livre de qualquer submissão. Apesar da ideia universalizante, não era assim para as mulheres. Kant em muitos escritos deixa clara sua visão de que a mulher, relacionada ao “belo”, é desprovida de virtudes, manifestando suas ações a partir da emoção, e nunca guiadas pela razão. No mesmo período, Mary Wollstonecraft escreve Reivindicação dos Direitos da Mulher, em que argumenta sobre a posição da mulher na sociedade e de que modo sua exclusão do campo da razão afeta a vida social. Diante disso, o presente texto busca realizar um diálogo entre a teoria kantiana e as ideias de Wollstonecraft, para em um segundo momento, apresentar as novas perspectivas feministas sobre questões envolvendo a posição da mulher na sociedade e a igualdade de gênero.