bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NEIL1 single nucleotide polymorphism (rs4462560) predicts the risk of radiation‐induced toxicities in esophageal cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Yun , Zhu Meiling , Zhang Zhen , Jiang Guoliang , Fu Xiaolong , Fan Min , Sun Menghong , Wei Qingyi , Zhao Kuaile
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND

To assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of base‐excision repair genes and clinical outcomes, the roles of genetic variants of 3 selected genes—flap structure‐specific endonuclease 1 (FEN1), 8‐hydroxyguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1), and nei endonuclease VIII‐like 1 (NEIL1)—were investigated in radiation‐induced esophageal toxicity (RIET), radiation pneumonitis (RP), and overall survival (OS) after radio(chemo)therapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

METHODS

NEIL1 reference SNP 4462560 (rs4462560) and rs7402844, hOGG1 rs1052133 and rs293795, and FEN1 rs4246215 and rs174538 were genotyped in 187 patients with ESCC who received definitive radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Kaplan‐Meier cumulative probabilities and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the effect of the genotypes on the risk of RIET, RP, and OS.

RESULTS

The authors observed that patients who had the NEIL1 rs4462560 GC/CC genotype had a statistically significantly lower risk of both grade ≥2 acute radiation‐induced esophageal toxicity (RIET) (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.421; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.207‐0.856; P = .017) and grade ≥2 acute radiation pneumonitis (RP) (adjusted HR, 0.392; 95% CI, 0.163‐0.946; P = .037) compared with patients who had the GG genotype, but the genotype did not affect OS (adjusted HR, 0.778; 95% CI, 0.471‐1.284; P = .326). There were no significant findings for other the SNPs under investigation.

CONCLUSIONS

The NEIL1 rs4462560 SNP may serve as a predictor of acute RIET and RP risk but not of OS. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings. Cancer 2013;119:4205–4211. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol and Derivatives over Polymer‐Functionalized Carbon‐Nanofiber‐Supported Palladium Using Sodium Formate as the Hydrogen Source
Authors: Chen Aibing , Li Yonglei , Chen Jinzhu , Zhao Guoying , Ma Longlong , Yu Yifeng
Published: September 2013

Selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone over a catalyst of polyaniline‐functionalized carbon‐nanofiber‐supported palladium (Pd‐PANI/CNF) with sodium formate as the hydrogen source has been studied. Phenol conversion exceeding 99 % was achieved with a cyclohexanone selectivity of >99 % in aqueous media. In an extension to Pd‐PANI/CNF, polymers such as polypyrrole (PPY), poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PVP), and poly(1‐vinylimidazole) (PVI) were further applied to a catalyst of Pd‐polymer/CNF for selective phenol hydrogenation. All of the Pd‐polymer/CNF catalysts showed excellent to good performance toward selective phenol hydrogenation. However, Pd‐PANI/CNF was considerably more active and selective to afford the desired cyclohexanone than Pd‐PPY/CNF, Pd‐PVP/CNF, and Pd‐PVI/CNF. Moreover, a series of phenol‐derived compounds were selectively hydrogenated in high yields under the investigated aqueous conditions. The research highlights an environmentally benign and effective process for the selective reduction of phenol derivatives with sodium formate as an alternative hydrogen source.
Impaired sustained attention in adult patients with type 1 diabetes is related to diabetes per se
Authors: van Dijk Marieke , Donga Esther , van Schie Mojca K. M. , Lammers Gert Jan , van Zwet Erik W. , Corssmit Eleonora P. M. , Romijn Johannes A. , van Dijk J. Gert
Published: September 2013

Background

Patients with type 1 diabetes have altered sleep characteristics and are thought to have deficits in sustained attention. We compared the sustained attention to response task (SART) of patients with type 1 diabetes to that of healthy controls, and related results with sleep characteristics and disease‐related factors.

Methods

SART was applied in 122 patients and 109 controls. Glucoregulation was assessed by HbA1c values and a questionnaire assessing glycaemic history. Clinical parameters were obtained from medical charts. Polyneuropathy was assessed by neurological examination and quantitative sensory testing. Sleep characteristics were assessed with sleep questionnaires. Anxiety and depression scores were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Results

The SART reaction time (RT) was significantly longer than in controls (327 ± 5 vs. 285 ± 3 ms, p < 0.001), although there were no significant differences in error scores. Repeated measurement analyses showed that diabetes per se was associated with prolonged RT (p < 0.001) and more commission errors (p = 0.010). None of the sleep‐related and diabetes‐related factors were significantly associated with these SART parameters.

Conclusions

Patients with type 1 diabetes had impaired sustained attention, which was associated with diabetes per se but not with disturbed sleep characteristics. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neonatal injury rapidly alters markers of pain and stress in rat pups
Authors: Victoria Nicole C. , Karom Mary C. , Eichenbaum Hila , Murphy Anne Z.
Published: September 2013

Less than 60% of infants undergoing invasive procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit receive analgesic therapy. These infants show long‐term decreases in pain sensitivity and cortisol reactivity. In rats, we have previously shown that inflammatory pain experienced on the day of birth significantly decreases adult somatosensory thresholds and responses to anxiety‐ and stress‐provoking stimuli. These long‐term changes in pain and stress responsiveness are accompanied by two‐fold increases in central met‐enkephalin and β‐endorphin expression. However, the time course over which these changes in central opioid peptide expression occur, relative to the time of injury, are not known. The present studies were conducted to determine whether the observed changes in adult opioid peptide expression were present within the first postnatal week following injury. The impact of neonatal inflammation on plasma corticosterone, a marker for stress reactivity, was also determined. Brain, spinal cord, and trunk blood were harvested at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 d following intraplantar administration of the inflammatory agent carrageenan on the day of birth. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine plasma corticosterone and met‐enkephalin and β‐endorphin levels within the forebrain, cortex, midbrain, and spinal cord. Within 24 h of injury, met‐enkephalin levels were significantly increased in the midbrain, but decreased in the spinal cord and cortex; forebrain β‐endorphin levels were significantly increased as a result of early life pain. Corticosterone levels were also significantly increased. At 7 d post‐injury, opioid peptides remained elevated relative to controls, suggesting a time point by which injury‐induced changes become programmed and permanent. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 42–51, 2014
Optically Powered Voltage Supply Device for Effective Utilization of Optical Energy in the Fiber‐to‐the‐Home Network
Authors: Fukano Hideki , Shinagawa Takeshi , Tsuruta Kenji
Published: September 2013

An optically powered device using an InGaAs photodiode has been developed. This study aims to harvest light energy (2.8 to 500 μW) from the FTTH (fiber‐to‐the‐Home) network and to utilize it for operating remote sensors without an external energy source. We designed the booster circuit and evaluated its characteristics, confirming that it could boost an input voltage of 0.3 V to 3.0 V. We also evaluated the characteristics of an InGaAs photodiode and confirmed that it could output a voltage over 0.3 V using 10‐μW input light. We demonstrate that a ready‐made sensor can be operated with an input optical power as low as 10 μW. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(10): 37–42, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11472
A Method for Emphasizing Reflection Waves from Buried Objects by Using Ground‐Penetrating Radar
Authors: Kobayashi Makoto , Nakano Kazushi
Published: September 2013

Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) is a useful tool for performing subsurface imaging by using radar pulses. In a previous paper we proposed a method for denoising GPR signals by using the 2D Gabor wavelet transform. In this paper we present a new method for emphasizing GPR reflected waves from buried objects. We evaluate the results of time–frequency analysis of the reflected waves on the basis of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Infinite Gaussian Mixture Model (IGMM) methods. Our methods are found to be effective as preprocessing for detecting the positions of buried metal pipes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(10): 22–36, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11484
Design of “Magnetic Resonance Type” WPT Systems Based on Filter Theory
Authors: Awai Ikuo , Ishizaki Toshio
Published: September 2013

A wireless power transfer system that is made of magnetically coupled resonators is designed for 0‐Ω power sources. The design is based on the BPF theory which imposes more restrictions than the conventional power factor condition. Instead, it gives wider operating bandwidth and higher power transfer efficiency. The present paper derives the condition analytically and shows some useful design examples, including a two‐stage and a three‐stage system, as well as a system with a loop coil to transform the load impedance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(10): 1–11, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11543
Fractionation of the human plasma proteome for monoclonal antibody proteomics‐based biomarker discovery 2: Antigen identification by dot‐blot array screening
Authors: Kovács András , Patai Zoltán , Guttman András , Kádas János , Takács László , Kurucz István
Published: September 2013

Immunization with complex mixtures, like the human plasma resulted in the generation of cloned mAb libraries (PlasmaScan™ and QuantiPlasma™ libraries, with >1000 individual mAbs) reacting with a nonredundant set of antigenic epitopes. mAb proteomics refers to quasi‐hypothesis‐free profiling of plasma samples with nascent or cloned mAb libraries for the discovery of disease‐specific biomarkers. Once mAbs with biomarker potential have been identified, the next task is the determination of cognate antigens recognized by the respective mAbs. To determine the cognate protein antigen corresponding to each individual mAbs in the cloned mAb libraries, we have separated human plasma by consecutive steps of desalting and various chromatography procedures. The process resulted in 783 fractions, which we termed “Analyte Library” (AL). The AL represents the human plasma proteome in relatively low‐protein complexity fractions. Here, to determine the utility of the AL, we selected ten plasma proteins and checked for their presence in the fractions. Among the ten cases, the distribution of four selected plasma proteins matched expectations, as these proteins were present only in a few fractions corresponding to their physical, chemical, and biochemical properties. However, in six cases, we observed “smear” ‐like distribution or complete absence of the proteins, suggesting that protein–protein interactions or protein variants may alter the observed plasma distribution profiles. Nevertheless, we conclude that the AL is an efficient, high throughput tool to complement the mAb biomarker discovery process with cognate protein antigen identification for each mAbs.
Macroalgae supercritical water gasification combined with nutrient recycling for microalgae cultivation
Authors: Cherad Ramzi , Onwudili J.A. , Ekpo U. , Williams P.T. , Lea‐Langton A. R. , Carmargo‐Valero M. , Ross A.B.
Published: September 2013

The composition of syngas and process water from the supercritical water gasification of macroalgae has been investigated. The potential for using the process water as a source of nutrients for microalgae cultivation was assessed. Saccharina latissima, harvested across the four seasons was gasified in a batch reactor at 500°C and 36 MPa to assess the influence of biochemical content and ash on syngas composition. In addition, summer harvests of four different macroalga were gasified with ruthenium catalyst (Ru/Al2O3). The molar yields of hydrogen and C1‐C4 gases from S. latissima increased by 30% in the presence of Ru/Al2O3 with a maximum gasification efficiency of 92% compared with work without these catalysts. Following a series of dilutions, the process water from catalyzed gasification of S. latissima was used in cultivation trials of Chlorella vulgaris and compared to standard growth media. The results indicate the potential to recover process waters from gasification of macroalgae in nutrient management for microalgae. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 902–909, 2013
Molecular Dynamics Study of Complex Dopant Electrolyte Nd2–xHoxZr2O7: Structure, Conductivity, and Thermal Expansion
Authors: Razmkhah M. , Hamed Mosavian M. T. , Moosavi F.
Published: September 2013

Nd2–xHoxZr2O7 is an ionic conductor for solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes. Temperature and dopant composition are two main factors that affect ionic conductivity of these groups of materials. Accordingly, Nd2–xHoxZr2O7 was studied in a wide range of temperature, 1,173–1,873 K, and dopant composition, x = 0.0–2.0, by molecular dynamics simulation. Arrhenius plots of ionic conductivity in region of low temperature declared that the maximum occurred at composition x = 0.6 (H6). Surprisingly, it was observed that complexity of dopant improved ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. Moreover, radial distribution function confirmed this result. Two types of anions were observed in the electrolyte, which were dynamic oxygen ions (DOIs) and static oxygen ions (SOIs). Mean square displacement (MSD) of DOIs was higher than SOIs and enhanced oxygen ionic conductivity. Migration barrier of Nd2–xHoxZr2O7 varied from 0.68 to 1.22 eV that was in the range of a good solid oxide electrolyte. Nd1.2Gd0.8Zr2O7 (G8) and Y0.2Zr0.9O2.1 (Y2) were simulated and their results of simulations were compared with H6. Order of ionic conductivity at low temperatures was H6 > Y2 > G8. Another important factor of electrolyte is thermal expansion. Thermal expansion of Nd2–xHoxZr2O7 was around a constant value in the studied temperature range.
Constraints on past plate and mantle motion from new ages for the Hawaiian‐Emperor Seamount Chain
Authors: O'Connor John M. , Steinberger Bernhard , Regelous Marcel , Koppers Anthony A. P. , Wijbrans Jan R. , Haase Karsten M. , Stoffers Peter , Jokat Wilfried , Garbe‐Schönberg Dieter
Published: September 2013

Estimates of the relative motion between the Hawaiian and Louisville hot spots have consequences for understanding the role and character of deep Pacific‐mantle return flow. The relative motion between these primary hot spots can be inferred by comparing the age records for their seamount trails. We report 40Ar/39Ar ages for 18 lavas from 10 seamounts along the Hawaiian‐Emperor Seamount Chain (HESC), showing that volcanism started in the sharp portion of the Hawaiian‐Emperor Bend (HEB) at ≥47.5 Ma and continued for ≥5 Myr. The slope of the along‐track distance from the currently active Hawaiian hot spot plotted versus age is constant (57 ± 2 km/Myr) between ∼57 and 25 Ma in the central ∼1900 km of the seamount chain, including the HEB. This model predicts an age for the oldest Emperor Seamounts that matches published ages, implying that a linear age‐distance relationship might extend back to at least 82 Ma. In contrast, Hawaiian age progression was much faster since at least ∼15 Ma and possibly as early as ∼27 Ma. Linear age‐distance relations for the Hawaii‐Emperor and Louisville seamount chains predict ∼300 km overall hot spot relative motion between 80 and 47.5 Ma, in broad agreement with numerical models of plumes in a convecting mantle, and paleomagnetic data. We show that a change in hot spot relative motion may also have occurred between ∼55 Ma and ∼50 Ma. We interpret this change in hot spot motion as evidence that the HEB reflects a combination of hot spot and plate motion changes driven by the same plate/mantle reorganization.
The Mourning After From a Cause to a Living*
Authors: Cornwell Max
Published: September 2013

Family therapy used to generate immense creativity and a health irreverence, but is in danger of becoming formalized and co‐opted by established systems. Selected rigidities, humbuggeries and dilemmas are reviewed, with an eye on some pasts and futures.
“None of The Following is True”: An Interview with Karl Tomm
Authors: Sanders Catherine
Published: September 2013

Karl Tomm is Director of the Family Therapy Training Programme at the University of Calgary, Canada. He is known for his work on Circular Pattern Diagramming and articles detailing the Milan Systemic Approach to family therapy. In March he visited Australia where he conducted workshops in Adelaide and Sydney. The following interview was recorded at the end of the first day of the Adelaide Workshop.
A Jung‐Bateson Correspondence
Authors: Relph Andrew
Published: September 2013

C. G. Jung, founder of Analytical Psychology, has had a major influence on 20th century thinking and on psychotherapists in particular. Gregory Bateson's ideas have similarly found a wide and influential application, but family therapists in particular have made use of his concepts to begin the construction of a theory of family therapy. The relationship between the individual and the system does not surprise us, but the interface between individual psychotherapy and family therapy is seldom addressed.
McMaster Transposed: An Interview with Nathan Epstein
Authors: Martin Graham
Published: September 2013

On a recent tour of the United States, Graham Martin spent a privileged, information‐packed, two and a half days at Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, in a programme carefully organised by Dr Duane Bishop. During that visit Dr Epstein agreed to the following interview.
Having Friends and Influencing People Family Approaches to Peer Problems in Children and Adolescents*
Authors: Jones Margaret
Published: September 2013

This paper looks at peer relationship problems in children and adolescents from a systemic point of view. The way in which family members typically become involved in these problems and the manner in which their involvement can contribute to maintenance of the difficulties, are discussed. The object of family intervention becomes to bring the child into direct positive relationship with peers whilst involving the family to support the child's initiative and independence, rather than the child's dependence on them, for solutions to problems. Six strategies which have been helpful to families are explained by way of illustration. The therapist's role in the process is also illustrated.
Engagement: Who's Engaging Whom?
Authors: Gleeson Anthony
Published: September 2013

A definition of ‘engagement’ in therapy is developed, based upon the proposition “the client engages the therapist”. Engagement is then distinguished from ‘joining’, and a consideration of the relational power between client and therapist, implied by this definition, shows it to be consistent with systemic theory for therapy.
Letting Gender Secrets Out of the Bag
Authors: Pilalis Jennie
Published: September 2013

In this paper I record the understandings which have emerged for me through facilitating a series of workshops with family therapists and social workers, designed to help let ‘secrets' about gender issues and power relations between men and women ‘out of the bag’. I outline the background to these workshops, and describe both the workshop process used and the key themes which were addressed by participants. It is written in the hope that others will be encouraged to facilitate similar workshops in one anothers' agency groups.
Zig Zagging All Over Again: An Interview with Moshe Lang
Authors: Sanders Catherine
Published: September 2013

Moshe Lang was one of the pioneers of family therapy in Australia. Before establishing Williams Road Family Therapy Centre — which offers a range of therapeutic, teaching and consulting services — he worked for many years at Bouverie Clinic.

Moshe has been President of the Victorian Association of Family Therapists, a founder of our national conferences (he also gave the very first Opening Address) and a founder of this journal, later becoming Foundation Chairperson of the Editorial Board.

He has taught in most centres in Australia and New Zealand and has published several papers characterised by thoughtfulness, humour and lucid, direct expression.

For many years he has espoused the value of story telling as a medium for learning, and the importance of exposing one's work for critical appraisal. These concerns are reflected directly in two sections of this journal — Story Comer and Audio‐Video Review. More recently he has co‐authored with his wife Tesse a book of stories about his experiences as a therapist, entitled Corrupting The Young and Other Stories of a Family Therapist.
Shadows and Stories: Lessons from the Wayang Kulit for Therapy with an Anglo‐Indonesian Family*
Authors: Jackson Sue
Published: September 2013

Therapy with families from ethnic and cultural backgrounds different from the therapist's own represents a particular challenge. How can the therapist be sufficiently mindful of ethnocultural factors and harness these to promote change, while at the same time avoiding the traps of stereotyping and labelling families?

In this paper I hope to demonstrate, in addition to the worth of the case study approach, that information about cultural differences can be employed in a creative way by using it metaphorically rather than literally. A cultural artefact, the wayang kulit, the shadow theatre of Indonesia, is introduced as a metaphor for the process of therapy itself with a very stuck Anglo‐Indonesian family.
A Comparison of Seven Family Therapy Approaches
Authors: Textor Martin R.
Published: September 2013

Dimensions which should be part of a family theory are developed by drawing from ‘Integrative Family Therapy’, a theory incorporating the concepts, hypotheses, and techniques of American family therapists. The family theories of seven family therapists (Minuchin, Haley, Zuk, Friedman, Speck, Boszormenyi‐Nagy, Rubinstein) are described and compared with one another. Their limitations are shown and thereby the characteristics of approaches of family therapy are indicated. Their contribution to a more encompassing ‘Integrative Family Theory’ is shown.
Child Sexual Abuse: A Cybernetic Description and its Implications for Professionals
Authors: Kaye Marta , Winefield Helen R.
Published: September 2013

Therapists, victims, and abusers are all dissatisfied with current services for child sexual abuse. This paper explores the utility of a new description of the phenomenon in terms of cybernetics, which allows analysis of the interactions between systems as well as within them. The systems of interest include the family, the professional helpers, and the law. Previous conceptualisations are reviewed, and applications of the cybernetic model are suggested for both treatment and prevention of the problem of child sexual abuse. Although family therapy is often cited as the optimal treatment model for this problem, clinical work with families in which sexual abuse occurs can be unsatisfying to all concerned. The pattern‐focused orientation of cybernetics suggests constructive initiatives which professionals may take at the levels both of individual families and of broader social policies.
An Overview of Three Models of Marital Therapy
Authors: Arnstein Malise
Published: September 2013

In this article three models of Marital or Couples Therapy are described. Framo's approch to working with couples illustrates Psychoanalytic Theory, Stuart — Social Learning Theory, and White — Systems Theory. For each model, the theory and the ensuing practice are discussed, with attention to the factors that lead to change, assessment, interventions, the role of the therapist. Each is placed within the Bernal and Baker (1979) level of intervention framework. Strengths of each model are highlighted. Each therapist's own style in session is described.
Disintegrating the House that Objectivity Built: Consensual Domain, Irreversibility and Symmetry‐Breaking Interventions
Authors: Gibney Paul
Published: September 2013

This paper considers a difficult clinical problem, namely chronicity or recidivism, and examines the appearance of the phenomenon in a number of clinical vignettes. From the vantage point of a clinical introduction, it will be argued that chronicity is an epistemological problem in that it arises from a belief in the clinical value of ‘objectivity’. It will be suggested that ‘objectivity’ is an insufficient concept for dealing with the recursive complexities of clinical practice, and that its application to clinical issues leads both to fragmentation and timelessness. Drawing on the concepts of post modern science, ‘consensual domain’ and ‘irreversibility’ are put forward as more appropriate principles for orienting practice, and the development of ‘symmetry‐breaking interventions' is advanced as a useful therapeutic strategy in addressing situations where chronicity has taken hold.
Thinking About the Emotional Interaction of Therapist and Family
Authors: Flaskas Carmel
Published: September 2013

The emotional interaction of therapist and family has been difficult to explore within the field of systemic family therapy. This paper looks at ways of thinking about this process. As a starting point, I take some feelings I had with three families in the course of therapy. These are used to illustrate some concepts from analytic therapy which address the emotional interaction of therapist and family. The kind of theoretical space and guidance offered within systemic family therapy is then explored, and it seems that the Milan frame gives some space for thinking about the process but offers little guidance as to exactly how this might be done. This is a paper about practice, though it's primarily a theoretical discussion. There is no aim of establishing a ‘correct’ way of understanding the emotional interaction of therapist and family.
Intimacy and distance regulation: From Homeostasis to Structural Coupling and Coherence
Authors: Israelstam Ken
Published: September 2013

An attempt is made to move from the previously described notion of homeostasis and the symptomatic distance regulator, to a more coherently systemic one, based on the work of Maturana and Dell. Maturana's concept of structure‐determinism is used to explain how individuals who have consensually shared fears of being either too close or too distant in relationships to others become structurally coupled in such a way that a highly resonant system emerges that regulates itself in a way that is coherent with the structure‐determined beliefs of the individual family members. These belief systems are seen as vital ingredients in understanding the process of structural coupling.
Lessons my Clients have Taught Me†
Authors: Sanders Catherine
Published: September 2013

The theme of the 1989 Family Therapy Conference Patterns of Experience provided an opportunity to consider the experiences in one's work as a therapist that shape and order our activity. A central concept is that clients perturb and alter the structure of the therapist such that our work is inevitably and permanently changed. A number of key cases are reviewed which illustrate one therapist learning from her clients.
The Family, The Statutory Worker and the Therapist Working Together for Change
Authors: Scott Elisabeth
Published: September 2013

Myths have developed for some therapists and statutory workers that have prevented or interfered with their forming a satisfactory working relationship. In such a climate, families tend to remain confused and disempowered and become more dependent on the authority of the legal and statutory system. This paper describes work with one particular family and a local Community Services, Victoria social worker, where these issues were addressed in a way that allowed the workers to be clear about their roles and enabled the parents to resume their responsibility for parenting. The emphasis in this article is on practice issues.
Living with a Psychiatric Diagnosis — Interviews with Experts
Authors: Munt Glenn
Published: September 2013

Four people share their experiences of being a ‘psychiatric patient’, provide some commonsense advice and offer some philosophic points of view.
Child‐Oriented Family Therapy Outcome Research: Comparisons Between Brief Family Therapy and an Alternative Treatment
Authors: Kirkby Robert J. , Smyrnios Kosmas X.
Published: September 2013

This paper is concerned with outcome research in child‐oriented family therapy. Nine investigations comparing brief family therapy with an alternative treatment were critically reviewed. All of the studies were vulnerable to criticisms on design and methodological grounds. Problem areas included: specification of therapeutic techniques, confounding of therapeutic variables, equivalence of therapist factors, measurement of outcome, adequacy of measures and appropriate use of control groups. All studies concluded that childhood problems could be treated successfully with brief family therapy techniques. However, in the light of the design problems listed above, these conclusions should be treated tentatively.
“Be Thin”: The Cybernetics of Obesity
Authors: Bertrando Paolo , Fiocco Paola Maria , Foscarini Patrizia , Palvarini Rosa Meri , Pereira Jacqueline
Published: September 2013

Obesity today has a high social relevance, affecting a growing number of people. This disorder is treated in many different ways, but with a remarkable lack of results and a high frequency of relapse. In this paper obesity is considered from a systemic perspective: fatness is information (difference, in Bateson's terminology) given by a person about his/her relationship with the family and the other systems she/he is involved in. A family therapy of obesity must thus take into consideration first of all the relational issues connected with this difference, using circular questions in order to point out the analogic communication in the family. Appropriate prescriptions can then be given, focused on the eating rituals.
Treading the Path of Anticipatory Bereavement: Working with Families with a Dying Member in an Acute Care Medical Setting
Authors: Gibbs Mary‐Anne
Published: September 2013

The aim of this paper is to consider issues related to working with families with a dying member in an acute medical setting, using the framework of the Bower Place family therapy approach. The literature on individual and family anticipatory bereavement processes is reviewed and the Bower Place methodology of family therapy is outlined. A case example is used to illustrate the application of the methodology to a family facing the death of one of its members. The author highlights the need for therapists to consider second order cybernetic issues when working in this context.
What about the family in family therapy research?*
Authors: Towns Alison , Seymour Fred
Published: September 2013

Family therapists are frequently criticised for not publishing any substantiation of the effectiveness of their therapeutic interventions. This paper discusses why clinicians do not evaluate their work through examining current recommendations for family therapy evaluation, and the effects of these recommendations on the family under study. We provide some criteria specific to the family which will assist clinicians in selecting measurement instruments to evaluate family therapy. These relate to ethics, parsimony and design features of the study. The complexity of family therapy evaluation must be addressed if more clinicians are to do evaluation.
Family Therapy and Substance Abuse
Authors: Gleeson Anthony
Published: September 2013

The approaches of family therapies to substance abuse are reviewed and evaluated. Questions from a systemic perspective are raised about the therapeutic efficacy of the structural/strategic family therapies which predominate in the literature. Consideration is given to certain clinical issues and to the place of a systemic perspective in a drug and alcohol service.
Initial Meetings in Child‐At‐Risk Cases: Developing a Therapist‐Family Alliance
Authors: MacKinnon Laurie , James Kerrie
Published: September 2013

Child at risk cases pose some of the greatest challenges to family therapists. This paper outlines an approach to these cases based on a therapy project which incorporated the results of a qualitative research study investigating parents' perceptions of intervention in child‐at‐risk cases. This paper focuses on initial meetings between therapists and family members, outlining ways to connect with parents, to establish ground rules for subsequent therapy and to develop relationships based on mutual respect and trust.
Relationship, Language and Pre‐Understanding in the Reflecting Processes
Authors: Andersen Tom
Published: September 2013

This article discusses whether the concepts ‘relationship’, ‘expressing oneself’ and ‘pre‐understanding’ might be better starting points to describe and understand ‘the therapeutic process’ than the traditional concepts ‘theory’ and ‘method’. The discussion has emerged from participation in, and will itself clarify, theso‐called “reflecting processes”.
Magic Love‐Links: Reassurance for Children about Separations
Authors: Boland Carol
Published: September 2013

The children of separating parents often assume they must take sides in conflicts or pretend not to miss the absent parent. Even when such assumptions are unwarranted young children have difficulty grasping parental reassurances based on the abstract concept of unconditional love. In addition, many children are unable to verbalise the complex range of emotions engendered by feared parental loss or rejection. The Magic Love‐Links story is designed to help children in either difficulty.
Every Dot has a Meaning
Authors: Brown Colleen , Larner Glenn
Published: September 2013

Family therapy in Australia has recently begun a conversation with the indigenous people of this country. Part of this dialogue has involved family therapists listening to the stories of violence and oppression perpetrated against the Aboriginal people under the name of “protection”. This article is part of the ongoing exchange between family therapists and Kooris documenting the suffering of “the stolen generation”. Here two young people removed from their families as small children and raised in the same Aboriginal children's home, speak personally through their art, of an agonising search for family and cultural identity.
In situ fiber‐optical monitoring of cytosolic calcium in tissue explant cultures
Authors: Ryser Manuel , Künzi Lisa , Geiser Marianne , Frenz Martin , Rička Jaro
Published: September 2013

We present a fluorescence‐lifetime based method for monitoring cell and tissue activity in situ, during cell culturing and in the presence of a strong autofluorescence background. The miniature fiber‐optic probes are easily incorporated in the tight space of a cell culture chamber or in an endoscope. As a first application we monitored the cytosolic calcium levels in porcine tracheal explant cultures using the Calcium Green‐5N (CG5N) indicator. Despite the simplicity of the optical setup we are able to detect changes of calcium concentration as small as 2.5 nM, with a monitoring time resolution of less than 1 s. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Utilization of flax fibers for biomedical applications
Authors: Michel Sophie A. A. X. , Vogels Ruben R. M. , Bouvy Nicole D. , Knetsch Menno L. W. , van den Akker Nynke M. S. , Gijbels Marion J. J. , van der Marel Cees , Vermeersch Jan , Molin Daniel G. M. , Koole Leo H.
Published: September 2013

Over the past decades, a large number of animal‐derived materials have been introduced for several biomedical applications. Surprisingly, the use of plant‐based materials has lagged behind. To study the feasibility of plant‐derived biomedical materials, we chose flax (Linum usitatissimum). Flax fibers possess excellent physical–mechanical properties, are nonbiodegradable, and there is extensive know‐how on weaving/knitting of them. One area where they could be useful is as implantable mesh structures in surgery, in particular for the repair of incisional hernias of the abdominal wall. Starting with a bleached flax thread, a prototype mesh was specifically knitted for this study, and its cytocompatibility was studied in vitro and in vivo. The experimental data revealed that application of flax in surgery first requires a robust method to remove endotoxins and purify the flax fiber. Such a method was developed, and purified meshes did not cause loss of cell viability in vitro. In addition, endotoxins determined using limulus amebocyte lysate test were at acceptable levels. In vivo, the flax meshes showed only mild inflammation, comparable to commercial polypropylene meshes. This study revealed that plant‐derived biomaterials can provide a new class of implantable materials that could be used as surgical meshes or for other biomedical applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 477–487, 2014.
In Vitro Mimics of Bone Remodeling and the Vicious Cycle of Cancer in Bone
Authors: Krishnan Venkatesh , Vogler Erwin A. , Sosnoski Donna M. , Mastro Andrea M.
Published: September 2013

Bone remodeling is a natural process that enables growth and maintenance of the skeleton. It involves the deposition of mineralized matrix by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. Several cancers that metastasize to bone negatively perturb the remodeling process through a series of interactions with osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. These interactions have been described as the “vicious cycle” of cancer metastasis in bone. Due to the inaccessibility of the skeletal tissue, it is difficult to study this system in vivo. In contrast, standard tissue culture lacks sufficient complexity. We have developed a specialized three‐dimensional culture system that permits growth of a non‐vascularized, multiple‐cell‐layer of mineralized osteoblastic tissue from pre‐osteoblasts. In this study, the essential properties of bone remodeling were created in vitro by co‐culturing the mineralized collagenous osteoblastic tissue with actively resorbing osteoclasts followed by reinfusion with proliferating pre‐osteoblasts. Cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions were determined by confocal microscopy as well as by assays for cell specific cytokines and growth factors. Osteoclasts, differentiated in the presence of osteoblasts, led to degradation of the collagen‐rich extracellular matrix. Further addition of metastatic breast cancer cells to the co‐culture mimicked the vicious cycle; there was a further reduction in osteoblastic tissue thickness, an increase in osteoclastogenesis, chemotaxis of cancer cells to osteoclasts and formation of cancer cells into large colonies. The resulting model system permits detailed study of fundamental osteobiological and osteopathological processes in a manner that will enhance development of therapeutic interventions to skeletal diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 453–462, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ice nucleation by surrogates of Martian mineral dust: What can we learn about Mars without leaving Earth?
Authors: Cziczo Daniel J. , Garimella Sarvesh , Raddatz Michael , Hoehler Kristina , Schnaiter Martin , Saathoff Harald , Moehler Ottmar , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Ladino Luis A.
Published: September 2013

Water and carbon dioxide ice clouds have been observed in the Martian atmosphere where they are dynamic parts of that planet's water and carbon cycles. Many Martian atmospheric models struggle to correctly predict clouds and, with insufficient data, some use untested simplifications that cloud formation occurs exactly at the saturation point of the condensed phase or at the same conditions as terrestrial cirrus clouds. To address the lack of data, we have utilized an 84 m3 cloud chamber built for studies of high altitude cirrus and polar stratospheric ice clouds in the Earth's atmosphere and adapted to Martian conditions. Using this chamber, we have been able to produce water ice clouds from aerosol in an inert and low pressure atmosphere mimicking that of Mars. At temperatures between 189 and 215 K, we investigated cloud formation by mineral dust particulates of a similar composition and size to those found on Mars. We show that these surrogate materials nucleate effectively at the higher temperatures, with minor temperature dependence at saturations ratios with respect to the ice phase of ~1.1, similar to what has been found for terrestrial cirrus. At the lower end of the temperature range, this saturation rises to ~1.9, a result consistent with previous studies.
Epstein–barr virus diversity in immunocompetent healthy persons: Reassessment of the distribution of genetic variants
Authors: Ikeda Tetsuya , Kobayashi Ryo , Kogashiwa Yasunao , Matsuda Takehiro , Kohno Naoyuki
Published: September 2013

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has many strains; however, it remains unclear whether a causal relationship exists between different regions and viral genetic variants in healthy persons. This study was designed to examine the relationship between EBV strains in tonsils and adenoids and peripheral blood lymphocytes of the same individuals using different measurements of EBV strain polymorphism. This study examined whether EBV contains two or three copies of a tandem repeat sequence in the first intron of the BZLF‐1 gene. The genotype of the virus from P3HR‐1, designated Z*, yielded a 415‐bp product, and this was distinguished from the smaller, 386‐bp product obtained with the B95‐8 virus, designated the Z genotype. Simultaneous sequence infections with Z and Z* genotypes were also detected in one of the tonsils examined, suggesting that more than one strain or variant of EBV genotype may be present in a specimen from the same subject. Co‐infection with Z and Z* was recognized in two subjects, so variation of the EBV gene may be seen in at least two different strains of EBV. It was seen that Z and Z* strain‐infected cells are constantly in flux through lymph nodes and/or the blood stream in healthy persons; therefore, these results indicated that EBV genome variants probably show no specific tissue distribution. J. Med. Virol. 86:301–305, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increase of the phytase production by Aspergillus japonicus and its biocatalyst potential on chicken feed treatment
Authors: Maller Alexandre , Vici Ana Claudia , Facchini Fernanda Del Antonio , da Silva Tony Marcio , Kamimura Eliana Setsuko , Rodrigues Maria Isabel , Jorge João Atílio , Terenzi Hector Francisco , de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli Maria
Published: September 2013

Phytase hydrolyzes phytic acid from the plant components of animal feed, releasing inorganic phosphorus. The phytase production by Aspergillus japonicus was optimized using Plackett–Burman designs (PBD), composite central rotational designs (CCRD), and response surface methodology from standard Czapek medium. The enzyme was applied in broiler chicken and laying hen foods. Analysis from PBD showed that KH2PO2, MgSO4 · 7H2O, and yeast extract had significant influences on phytase secretion (p < 0.05). The best results from the CCRD experiments were obtained using (A) 0.040% KH2PO4, (B) 0.050% MgSO4 · 7H2O, and (C) 0.040% yeast extract, enhancing in 49–53 U mg−1 protein. The determination coefficient (R2) was 0.92 and Fcalc was 7.48 times greater than Flisted. Thus, the reduced coded model:
urn:x-wiley:0233111X:media:jobm201300315:jobm201300315-math-0001

was considered predictive and statistically significant (p < 0.05). The optimized culture medium increased the phytase yield in 250%. A. japonicus phytase released high levels of Pi from broiler chicken and laying hen food. A. japonicus is an excellent phytase producer in a culture medium using inexpensive components and agricultural wastes. Therefore, these results provide sound arguments for the formulation of a low cost culture medium for phytase production.
Fluorimetric analysis of the binding characteristics of 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase with substrates in Dunaliella salina
Authors: Cao Yu , Xu Hui , Xie Li , Yi Yi , Yu Yingpeng , Feng Shunli , Qiao Dairong , Cao Yi
Published: September 2013

A general model of the catalytic mechanism for 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPs) has already been proposed. But whether shikimate‐3‐phosphate (S3P) alone can cause EPSPs' conformation changes, and whether the binding site of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and glyphosate is the same are still in debate. In this paper, DsaroA gene amplified and cloned from Dunaliella salina (our laboratory's early study) was used for DsEPSPs expression and purification. Then the DsEPSP conformation changes as it bind with different substrates were detected by fluorimetry. The results show that we obtained the DsEPSPs by prokaryotic expression and purification, and the S3P binding with DsEPSPs alone cannot cause DsEPSPs to form “close” conformation directly. However, when S3P exits, DsEPSPs did have a trend to change to the “close” conformation. Then the “close” conformation can be formed completely with the addition of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) or glyphosate. The inorganic phosphorus can help S3P to induce two domains of DsEPSPs to form “close” conformation. Besides, when DsEPSPs binds with S3P, in 295 nm, only the intensity of emission peak decreases, however, in 280 nm, not only the peak intensity reduces but also the blue‐shift phenomenon takes place. The reason for blue‐shift phenomenon was the distribution of aromatic amino acids in EPSPs. EPSPs is a good target for novel antibiotics and herbicides, because of shikimic acid pathway is only present in plants and microorganisms, completely absent in mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and insects. The results demonstrate that the binding of substrates to EPSPs causes a conformational change from an open form to a closed form, that might be important for designing of novel antimicrobial and herbicidal agents that block closure of the enzyme.
Relationship between muscle fatty infiltration and the biological characteristics and stimulation potential of tenocytes from rotator cuff tears
Authors: Klatte‐Schulz Franka , Gerhardt Christian , Scheibel Markus , Wildemann Britt , Pauly Stephan
Published: September 2013

The healing after rotator cuff surgery is still dissatisfying, and increased muscle fatty infiltration even more impairs the healing success. To achieve sufficient healing after rotator cuff reconstructions, the use of growth factors may be one possibility. The aim of the study was to identify a possible relationship between fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus muscle and cellular biological characteristics and stimulation potential of tenocyte‐like cells (TLCs). TLCs of 3 donor groups differing in grade of muscle fatty infiltration were analyzed for their cellular characteristics and were stimulated with BMP‐2 or BMP‐7 in a 3D scaffold culture. The cell count and potency for self‐renewal were significantly decreased in TLCs from donors with high muscle fatty infiltration compared to the lower fatty infiltration groups. Cell count and collagen‐I expression as well as protein synthesis were stimulated by growth factors. Interestingly, TLCs of the high fatty infiltration group exhibited a weaker stimulation potential compared to the other groups. TLCs from donors with high muscle fatty infiltration generally revealed inferior characteristics compared to cells of lower fatty infiltration groups, which may be one reason for a weaker healing potential and may represent a possible starting point for the development of future treatment options. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:129–137, 2014.