bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Factors Affecting Unemployment and Poverty Rates in Balikpapan City
Authors: . Mastang , Effendi Aji Sofyan , Lestari Diana
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this research is to analyze factors affecting unemployment and poverty rates in Balikpapan City. This research is quantitative research. The type of data used is secondary data, namely data obtained based on information that has been compiled and published by the Balikpapan City Central Statistics Agency and other agencies. In order to test the hypothesis to find the relationship between the behavior of two independent variables and the dependent variable, path analysis is used, and assisted by the IBM Statistic software program version 29. The research results show that gross regional domestic product has a significant effect on unemployment in Balikpapan City. Inflation has a significant effect on unemployment in Balikpapan City. Investment has a significant effect on unemployment in Balikpapan City. Human development index has a significant effect on unemployment in Balikpapan City. Gross regional domestic product has a significant effect on poverty in Balikpapan City. Inflation has a significant effect on poverty in Balikpapan City. Investment has a significant effect on poverty in Balikpapan City. Human development index has a significant effect on poverty in Balikpapan City.

Keywords: Unemployment, Poverty, Gross Regional Domestic Product
Malachite Green Delays the Gastrointestinal Transit in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Chatterjee Sweta , Mukherjee Sourapriya , Paul Goutam
Published: September 2024

The synthetic food coloring agents are extensively used in various foods because it is cheaper and more stable than natural dyes. Despite of being restricted to use in food items or vegetables, Malachite green (MG), a synthetic dye, is still used as a food adulterant and people are often exposed to toxic MG by consuming contaminated food. Although intoxication by MG has been observed in several animal systems, its potential role in altering contractile activity has not been investigated so far. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of MG-induced changes on the contractile activity by assessing gastrointestinal transit with the charcoal meal test. We observed a significant decrease in gastrointestinal transit percentages in groups of rats exposed to MG compared to control rats. Furthermore, significant antagonistic effects on the inhibitory effect induced by MG on the gastrointestinal transit were observed in the pretreated L-NAME and methylene blue rats respectively. It can be concluded that the reason for the decrease in gastrointestinal transit caused by MG may be due to inhibition of smooth muscle contractions located in the wall structure of the small intestine, which ensures motility; facilitating the action of nitric oxide intrinsic myenteric efferents that secrete nitric oxide, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Keywords: Malachite green, contractile activity, charcoal meal test, intrinsic myenteric efferents, L-NAME, Methylene Blue .
ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ЗАКОННОСТИ И НРАВСТВЕННОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЕФОРМИРОВАНИЯ УГОЛОВНО-ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНЫХ ФОРМ РАССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Койшубаева А.К. , Ханов Т.А.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена рассмотрению взаимосвязи принципа законности и такой категории как «нравственность» в свете реформирования уголовно-процессуального законодательства в целях реализации трехзвенной модели уголовного процесса. Рассматриваются особенности расследования уголовных дел в трех формах, регламентация которых закреплена в Уголовно-процессуальном кодексе Республики Казахстан. Освещены исторические аспекты реформирования форм расследования, произведен анализ теоретического материала, проанализированы данные правовой статистики. Применив общенаучные, частно-научные и специальные правовые методы исследования, сформулированы выводы и предложены пути решения выявленных проблем. Также, авторы обращаются к подробному исследованию законодательной регламентации понятийного аппарата, используемого в Уголовно-процессуальном кодексе Республики Казахстан, связанного непосредственно с осуществлением расследования, формы которого законодательно закреплены в статье 189 Уголовно-процессуального кодекса Республики Казахстан.
В заключении, авторы указывают, что сопоставление органов расследования со стороной обвинения видится на сегодняшний день недопустимым ввиду провозглашенной реализации трехзвенной модели уголовного судопроизводства. Предлагается внесение изменений в уголовно-процессуальное законодательство с учетом потребностей правоприменительной практики и необходимости выполнения задач, провозглашенных Президентом в Послании народу Казахстана от 1 сентября 2022 года.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРАВА НА ВОЗМЕЩЕНИЕ ВРЕДА, ПРИЧИНЕННОГО ПРИ ДОСУДЕБНОМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Садвакасова А.Т.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена рассмотрению проблемы возмещения вреда, причиненного при досудебном производстве. Автором приводится ряд обоснований, указывающих на необходимость комплексного исследования проблем, связанных с возмещением вреда, причиненного органами досудебного производства при осуществлении деятельности по раскрытию и расследованию уголовных правонарушений. Указывается, что на сегодняшний день возникает острая потребность в разработке механизма обеспечения прав и законных интересов лиц, которым был причинен вред в результате действий (законных и незаконных) или бездействия органов досудебного производства. Выявлены причины, вследствие которых возникла рассматриваемая проблема. В статье справедливо отмечается, что, несмотря на определенные достижения в части соблюдения гарантий защиты прав и законных интересов лиц, вовлеченных в орбиту уголовного судопроизводства, в Республике Казахстан имеется достаточно нерешенных вопросов, связанных с повышением эффективности механизмов возмещения вреда, причиненного действиями органов досудебного расследования.
ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНЫҢ ЦИФРЛАНДЫРУ ЖАҒДАЙЫНДАҒЫ КЛИМАТТЫ ҚОРҒАУДЫҢ ҚҰҚЫҚТЫҚ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ
Authors: Байдельдинов Д.Л. , Айгаринова Г.Т.
Published: September 2024

Бүгінгі таңда жер шарының халқы жаһандық экологиялық проблемалардың қаупі жағдайында қалып отыр. Климаттың өзгеруі жаһандық экологиялық проблема ретінде, оның пайда болуы негізінен өнеркәсіп пен өндірістің өсуімен байланысты, дүниежүзілік қоғамдастықтың алдына климаттың өзгеруінің жағымсыз салдарын жұмсарту және онымен күресу міндетін қояды. Климатқа әсерін реттеу саласындағы заңнаманы жетілдіру, олқылықтарды жою мақсатында «Климатты және жердің озон қабатын қорғау туралы» заң жобасын әзірлеу перспективасы бар көрінеді. Бұл ғылыми мақаланың мақсаты цифрландыру жағдайындағы Қазақстан Республикасындағы климатты қорғаудың құқықтық мәселелерін зерделеу, осы саладағы қолданыстағы заңнаманы және оны қолдану тәжірибесін, негіз ретінде жетілдіру бойынша тұжырымдамалық негіздерін, теориялық ережелерін, қорытындыларын, практикалық ұсынымдарын негіздеу және әзірлеу болып табылады.
ILLEGAL ARMS TRAFFICKING: CRIMINAL LAW ASPECTS
Authors: M.G. Azhibayev
Published: September 2024

The development of new technologies brings progress to society and possible threats to the national and military security of the country.
Criminals are increasingly using the results of progress to commit illegal acts. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the study of the issue of arms trafficking.
The trend in this area today is to simplify and reduce the cost of its production processes. One of the technological directions is the manufacture of plastic weapons on 3D printers, practically at home.
At the same time, the number of such weapons can vary from one copy to several hundred units per day. And its types can be represented by firearms, grenades, ammunition, etc.
In turn, domestic criminal legislation, one of the tools for preventing offences, should be ready for such phenomena to protect citizens and the democratic foundations of the rule of law.
In this regard, the author proposes to revise the provisions of certain parts of Articles 287 and 288 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan within the framework of the article, introducing an appropriate qualifying feature into them.
ОТДЕЛЬНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ СИСТЕМЫ РАННЕГО ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЯ ПЫТОК
Authors: Садинов Т.М.
Published: September 2024

В данной статье автором рассмотрены проблемные вопросы предупреждения пыток.
Указывается, что несмотря на принимаемые государством меры ситуация кардинально не меняется, регистрация досудебных расследований по делам о пытках не снижается.
Анализ показал, что в основном все меры противодействия пыткам принимаются через призму совершенствования уголовного законодательства, что, без устранения причин и условий совершения данного вида преступления, не даст положительных результатов.
По результатам изучения личных дел сотрудников, осужденных за пытки, а также материалов служебных расследований установлено, что в ходе службы сотрудника поступали сигналы о возможном его агрессивном поведении.
В связи с этим, на основе изучения зарубежного опыта, анализа национального законодательства и правоприменительной практики, предложены отдельные решения по формированию соответствующей системы раннего выявления лиц с высоким риском применения пыток и других недозволенных методов работы.
ӘКІМШІЛІК ІС ЖҮРГІЗУДЕГІ КЕЛІСУ РӘСІМДЕРІНІҢ ТАҢДАУЛЫ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ МЕН МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ
Authors: Карипова А.И.
Published: September 2024

Мақалада 2021 жылдың 1 шілдесінде күшіне енген Қазақстан Республикасының 2020 жылғы 29 маусымдағы No350-VI-ЗРК Әкімшілік рәсімдік-процестік кодексінің нормаларын қолдану кезіндегі әкімшілік рәсімдер мен әкімшілік іс жүргізудің жекелеген ерекшеліктері қарастырылған. Мақаланың мақсаты – Әкімшілік рәсімдік-процестік кодексі шеңберінде жария-құқықтық дауларды шешудегі әкімшілік рәсімдердің, әкімшілік іс жүргізудің және бітімгершілік рәсімдердің ерекшеліктерін зерделеу, сондай-ақ оны қолданудың жекелеген проблемалық мәселелерін талдау. Зерттеуде танымның жалпы ғылыми және арнайы құқықтық әдістері қолданылды. Әкімшілік рәсімдік-процестік кодекс нормаларының енгізілуімен мемлекеттік органдардың ішкі және сыртқы әкімшілік рәсімдерді де жүзеге асыру тәртібі, сондай-ақ әкімшілік органның немесе оның қатысуымен жария-құқықтық дауларды шешу бойынша әкімшілік іс жүргізу оңтайландырылды. Мақалада соттардың жария-құқық дауларды шешу кезінде бітімгершілік рәсімдерін пассивті, бастапқы кезеңде, жария-құқықтық дауларды шешу кезінде татуластыру рәсімдерін қолдану мәселелері қозғалады. Бақылаушы мемлекеттік органдардың тыйым салу және шектеу шараларын қолдану туралы сотқа талап-арыздарды беру тәжірибесін негізге ала отырып, осы санаттағы істерді қарауды Қазақстан Республикасының Азаматтық іс жүргізу кодексінен Қазақстан Республикасының Әкімшілік рәсімдік-процестік кодексіне ауыстыру ұсынылады.
Finanças pessoais e endividamento: Uma Análise da Educação Financeira e suas Implicações no Vale do Itaim – PI
Authors: Santos Beatriz Sousa Calazans , Damasceno Marli Ferreira de Carvalho , Rodrigues Joicione Gezislau
Published: September 2024

Este trabalho aborda a problemática do endividamento na região do Vale do Itaim, situada no estado do Piauí. Diante de um cenário econômico desafiador e da falta de educação financeira, a pesquisa buscou compreender os desafios enfrentados pelos indivíduos na gestão de suas finanças pessoais, identificar causas e fatores contribuintes para o endividamento e propor sugestões para incentivar práticas financeiras saudáveis. A relevância social e econômica do tema é destacada, considerando seus impactos na qualidade de vida, relacionamentos e na estabilidade econômica do país. Com uma abordagem quali-quantitativa, a pesquisa utilizou uma pesquisa de campo, envolvendo 16 municípios. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário virtual, abordando dados socioeconômicos, endividamento e fatores relacionados. A análise descritiva dos dados revelou a urgência da situação, com altos índices de endividamento e inadimplência. Além disso, uma ação interventiva foi implementada por meio de um minicurso online, visando disseminar conhecimentos sobre finanças pessoais. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de intervenções educativas para promover uma mudança positiva nas práticas financeiras da população, destacando a importância da conscientização e do planejamento para uma gestão eficaz dos recursos.
Eventos oxidativos relacionados à angiotensina II e angiotensina 1-7 na hipertensão
Authors: Silva Matheus Vinicius Barbosa da , Steinen Alice Fernandes Von Den , Santos Fátima Beatriz da Costa , Salvador Beatriz da Silva , Silva Heverton Valentim Colaço da
Published: September 2024

A supra regulação do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona e o estresse oxidativo estão entre principais eventos relacionados a patogênese e fisiopatologia da HAS. No sistema renina-angiotensina, em específico a Angiotensina II e a recentemente descoberta Angiotensina-(1-7), apresentam-se como importantes moduladores do estado redox. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os efeitos promovidos pela Angiotensina II e Angiotensina 1-7 sobre parâmetros oxidativos e as implicações sobre a pressão arterial. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão, desenvolvido nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e ScienceDirect. Destaca-se a importante relação entre o braço clássico do sistema, especificamente relacionado a interação entre a angiotensina-II e receptor de angiotensina de subtipo I e o desenvolvimento de estresse oxidativo. De forma contrária destacando a Angiotensina-(1-7) com efeitos opostos a esse lado do sistema. Dessa forma, observa-se a importância da abordagem direcionada para este lado protetor do sistema, o qual mostra-se como um futuro alvo terapêutico para o tratamento da hipertensão.
Genetics and Evolutionary Mechanisms of a balanced flower color polymorphism in Whipple’s Penstemon
Authors: Radford Zack
Published: September 2024

Diversity in populations is shaped by the interplay of selective pressures and the genetic basis of phenotypes. Purifying or directional selection tends to favor a single optimal phenotype, leading to a reduction in genetic diversity over time. In contrast, balancing selection employs various mechanisms to maintain genetic diversity. The perennial wildflower Penstemon whippleanus exhibits within-population flower color polymorphism (FCP) across a wide geographic range in the Rocky Mountains, suggesting balancing selection is preserving genetic diversity. Here we examine the genetic basis and sources of selection acting on the flower color polymorphism in P. whippleanus . Using Illumina resequencing of 73 individuals across 10 populations, we identified the genetic basis for FCP as a MYB transcription factor regulating anthocyanin pigment biosynthesis. The alleles that underlie the FCP are shared across polymorphic populations, indicating the remarkable persistence of genetic variation across geographically widespread populations. This finding contrasts with scenarios where purifying or directional selection may result in multiple genetic origins for the same trait, acting on more recent timescales. Tests of molecular evolution suggest the nature of selection acting on the allelic variation. Finally, preliminary pollinator observations in natural polymorphic populations do not immediately identify the source of balancing selection.
Recombination and Speciation in the Annual Sunflowers
Authors: Rieseberg Loren
Published: September 2024

In sexual species, recombination is considered to be the greatest impediment to speciation. The main problem with recombination is that although divergent selection favors the buildup of associations between alleles favored in local environments and those causing reproductive isolation, gene flow and recombination break the associations apart.

However, examples of speciation in the face of gene flow began accumulating in the late 20th century, with accelerating evidence over the past two decades. How can this happen?

In my talk, I will attempt to answer this question, drawing on a series of investigations of wild sunflower species, ranging from genome-wide association studies of phenotypic variation to field-based analyses of reproductive barrier strength, to functional characterization of candidate genes underlying reproductive isolation. I will show that most of the traits and genes that contribute to local adaptation and reproduction isolation in wild sunflowers are associated with chromosomal inversions or other recombination suppressors, thereby resolving the antagonism between selection and recombination.

This genetic architecture appears to be common in other organisms, and thus offers a general solution for how speciation can occur in the presence of gene flow.
Seeking temporal refugia to heat stress: increasing nocturnal activity despite predation risk
Authors: Brivio Francesca , Grignolio Stefano
Published: September 2024

Flexibility in activity timing may enable organisms to quickly adapt to environmental changes. Under global warming, diurnally adapted endotherms may achieve a better energy balance by shifting their activity towards cooler nocturnal hours. However, this shift may expose animals to new or increased environmental challenges (e.g. increased predation risk, reduced foraging efficiency). We analysed a large dataset of activity data from 47 ibex (Capra ibex) in two protected areas, characterized by varying levels of predation risk (presence versus absence of the wolf—Canis lupus). We found that ibex increased nocturnal activity following warmer days and during brighter nights. Despite the considerable sexual dimorphism typical of this species and the consequent different predation-risk perception, males and females demonstrated consistent responses to heat in both predator-present and predator-absent areas. This supports the hypothesis that shifting activity towards nighttime may be a common strategy adopted by diurnal endotherms in response to global warming. As nowadays different pressures are pushing mammals towards nocturnality, our findings emphasize the urgent need to integrate knowledge of temporal behavioural modifications into management and conservation planning.

Image credit: Gary Kramer, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
國中生家庭社經地位與數學學習動機對數學補習時間變化軌跡的影響分析
Authors: 張芳全 張芳全
Published: September 2024

本研究以五學期1,234名國中生資料，透過單變項重複量數變異數分析、迴歸分析與潛在成長模式分析研究顯示：國中生數學補習時間變化軌跡呈直線式下降，七年級下學期數學補習時間最多，隨著學期往後愈來愈少。七年級下學期的家庭社經地位愈高，數學補習時間愈多，然而七年級下學期的家庭社經地位愈高，對後來五學期數學補習時間變化沒有顯著影響。七年級下學期的數學學習動機愈高，數學補習時間愈多，然而七年級下學期的數學學習動機愈好，在後來五學期數學補習時間減少。本研究重點在於發現，國中生數學補習時間明顯直線下降，長期來看，不僅學生家庭社經地位對數學補習時間沒有明顯影響，而且七年級生數學學習動機愈好，後續五學期數學補習時間逐漸減少。This study analyzed data from 1,234 students across five semesters by employing repeated-measures analysis of variance, regression analysis, and the latent growth model. The findings are as follows. The growth trajectory of mathematics tutoring time for junior school students exhibited a linear downward trend. Students devoted the most time to mathematics tutoring in the second semester of seventh grade; however, this time decreased in subsequent semesters. Higher family socioeconomic status in the second semester of seventh grade was correlated with increased time spent on mathematics tutoring. However, family socioeconomic status during this period did not significantly influence changes in tutoring time over the subsequent five semesters. Moreover, greater motivation for mathematics learning in the second semester of seventh grade was correlated with increased time spent on mathematics tutoring. However, stronger motivation for mathematics learning in the second semester of seventh grade led to a decrease in the mathematics tutoring time over the following five semesters. This study observed a significant decrease in mathematics tutoring time among junior high school students over time. Importantly, over the long term, family socioeconomic status exhibited no significant effect on the mathematics tutoring time, and stronger motivation for mathematics learning in seventh grade was correlated with a gradual decrease in tutoring time over the subsequent five semesters.
從認知診斷模式探究比例式解題的學習路徑
Authors: 蔡易達 蔡易達 , 鄒慧英 鄒慧英
Published: September 2024

本研究旨在探索學生在比例推理中解未知數問題時的學習路徑。根據文獻回顧，本研究之比例推理測驗使用五個特質，建立了三個階層模型：一個非結構化模型和兩個發散模型。然後利用認知診斷模型（CDMs）及其對應的Q矩陣估計學生組型，及各個組型在每個試題的期望值。此外，該測驗根據比值內/比值間和整數/非整數將試題分為四種類型，以了解不同學生組型和題型之間的表現差異。研究結果顯示，三種階層模型與高分組的作答反應具有高度一致性；比較DINA模型與特質階層模型（DINA-AHM）和階層診斷分類模型（HDCM）後發現，飽和HDCM模型可提供較多訊息；透過學生組型之預期分數所構建的學習路徑，可知悉精熟那個特質有助於提高學生的表現；四種題型中以比值內和比值間均為非整數的題型難度最高。This study aims to explore the learning paths of students in proportional reasoning when solving problems with unknowns. Based on the literature review, the proportional reasoning test employed five attributes and three hierarchical models were established: an unstructured model and two divergent models. Cognitive Diagnosis Models (CDMs) and their corresponding Q-matrices were then utilized to estimate student profiles and the expected values on each item for each profile. Additionally, the test categorizes items into four types based on within/between-ratio and integer/non-integer. Thus, it allowed us to understand performance differences among different student profiles and item types. The results indicated high consistency between three hierarchical models and responses from high-performing groups. Comparing the DINA with Attribute Hierarchy Model (DINA-AHM) and the Hierarchical Diagnostic Classification Model (HDCM), the saturated HDCM model provided more information. The learning path constructed from the expected scores of student profiles allowed us to understand which attribute mastery was beneficial for improving student performance. Among the four item types, those involving non-integer ratios in both within and between ratios are the most difficult.
Evolution of treatment options for juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Ren Tao , Guan Jia-Hui , Li Yu , Li Nan-Nan , Li Zheng
Published: September 2024

A recent study published in World J Clin Cases addressed the optimal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Herein, we outline the progress in drug therapy of JIA. NSAIDs have traditionally been the primary treatment for all forms of JIA. NSAIDs are symptom-relief medications, and well tolerated by patients. Additionally, the availability of selective NSAIDs further lower the gastrointestinal adverse reactions compared with traditional NSAIDs. Glucocorticoid is another kind of symptom-relief medications with potent anti-inflammatory effect. However, the frequent adverse events limit the clinical use. Both NSAIDs and glucocorticoid fail to ease or prevent joint damage, and the breakthrough comes along with the disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). DMARDs can prevent disease progression and reduce joint destruction. Particularly, the emergence of biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) has truly revolutionized the therapeutics of JIA, compared with conventional synthetic DMARDs. As a newly developed class of drugs, the places of most bDMARDs in the management of JIA remain to be well established. Nevertheless, the continuous evolution of bDMARDs raises hopes of improving long-term disease outcomes for JIA.
Propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento de medición del coeficiente intelectual sexual en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: de Dios Raquel Olivia De los Santos , de Dios Santiago De los Santos , Amaro Raymundo Márquez
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Studies with instruments to measure sexual intelligence in Mexico, are a recent and positive trend for sexual health, since it provides objectivity and promotes attitudes of self-control, this depends on the availability of information. Objective: To explore the specific psychometric properties of reliability and construct validity of an instrument that evaluates the sexual IQ of university students. Método: El instrumento de medición del CI sexual fue sometido a validación psicométrica y consta de un total de 47 ítems, de los cuales 32 están en una escala nominal de frecuencias distribuidas en ocho dimensiones y 15 ítems evaluativos en una escala dicotómica distribuidos en un solo constructo. A la muestra de 370 estudiantes universitarios, se le aplicó un análisis factorial exploratorio a una primera submuestra de 195 participantes de cuatro universidades, tres de Tabasco y una del estado de Tlaxcala. Resultados: La prueba de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin obtuvo un índice de 0,83, una varianza explicada del 49% y una fiabilidad del alfa de Cronbach de 0,79. En la segunda submuestra se realizó el proceso de análisis factorial confirmatorio que validó los ítems de cinco dimensiones, integrados y distribuidos en dos factores opuestos denominados Seguridad Sexual y Complacencia Sexual, se eliminaron los ítems de tres dimensiones que no tenían agrupamiento. Conclusiones: El instrumento tiene una consistencia interna aceptable y se puede simplificar en dos dimensiones, la primera mide el conocimiento sobre la sexualidad y la segunda dimensión mide las actitudes hacia la sexualidad contiene dos subdimensiones opuestas estadística y teóricamente consistentes, con un poder moderado para extraer inferencias.
Retos y desafíos de las Ciencias Sociales en un mundo multipolar ¿es posible otra investigación social?
Authors: Solís Narváez Norling Sabel , Rodríguez Corea Xavier Ernesto
Published: September 2024

El texto tiene como principal propósito generar algunas reflexiones desde nuestra realidad académica y científica a la luz de los retos y desafíos de la región y especialmente desde Nicaragua y su proceso de trasformación. Los autores enfocan la discusión en dos puntos: el primero referido a la cuestión dicotómica de la investigación lineal y la investigación de la complejidad. El segundo desde una óptica más reflexiva se centra en los retos que supone la posición de la academia frente a las desigualdades sociales, culturales e históricas y frente a un nuevo mundo multipolar que demanda de la academia científicos comprometidos con la realidad contemporánea.
Consequências do uso de cannabis em pacientes com Transtorno de Atenção e Hiperatividade
Authors: Ikeda Patrícia , Campagnaro Enzzo , Natali Gabriele Retondo de , Torres Carolina Gregori
Published: September 2024

Introdução: O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) é um transtorno neuropsiquiátrico hereditário que afeta 5% da população global, podendo persistir na vida adulta. O uso de cannabis em pacientes com TDAH têm benefícios, como melhor qualidade do sono, mas também pode dificultar a concentração em certas atividades. Objetivo: Avaliar os benefícios e malefícios do uso da Cannabis em pacientes portadores do TDAH. Método: Utilizou-se como fonte de pesquisa para essa revisão integrativa artigos da base de dados do PubMed e revistas eletrônicas que dissertam sobre consequências do uso da cannabis em pacientes com TDAH, publicados entre 2018 a 2021 na língua inglesa. Após avaliação dos títulos e respectivos resumos, foram selecionados 4 artigos para leitura do texto completo e realização da redação deste artigo. Resultados: A maioria dos artigos apresentou aspectos positivos sobre o uso da cannabis; no entanto, a eficácia ainda é inconclusiva devido à falta de literatura substancial sobre o tema. Discussão: Adultos que usaram cannabis para tratar o TDAH relatam benefícios como melhor qualidade do sono, foco aprimorado, menos hiperatividade e ansiedade, além de melhor humor. No entanto, a eficácia dessa abordagem em pacientes, especialmente crianças, ainda carece de evidências suficientes. O uso precoce pode apresentar riscos ao desenvolvimento. Conclusão: Embora haja relatos de benefícios, a falta de estudos a longo prazo impede a confirmação da eficácia e segurança do uso de cannabis no tratamento do TDAH. Assim, a incerteza persiste sobre os efeitos a longo prazo e a eficácia da droga nesse contexto.
PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM IN VARIOUS GEOMETRIES
Authors: Musayelyan R.
Published: September 2024

The work is devoted to the Pythagorean Theorem, known in school geometry, which expresses the relationship between the legs and the hypotenuse in a right triangle. This theorem is valid both in the elliptic plane (Riemann plane) and in the hyperbolic plane (Lobachevsky plane), in which triangles are considered as geodesics. It should be noted that the geodesic triangle in the Riemannian plane, the same as the spherical triangle, has sides that are arcs of a great circle. This is proven in differential geometry. To make it more clear, we emphasize that the orthogonal projections of such arcs in each tangent plane, drawn at any point of the arc, are straight line segments. A geodesic triangle in the Lobachevski plane (on the pseudo sphere) also has an pictorial commentary.
It is noteworthy that the side of a geodesic triangle is an arc with minimal length. From differential geometry it is known that each of these planes has its own metric; a quadratic form I. In the work, using the known parametric equations of the sphere and methods of differential geometry, the Pythagorean Theorem, which was previously obtained from the corresponding Cosine theorem, is proved (formula (4)). Further, using Taylor series of trigonometric functions they show that when the Gaussian curvature of surfaces tends to zero, then the Euclidean case of the theorem is obtained.
The scientific novelty of the work is the proof of this approach and there is also likely to be a connection with school geometry.
The Development of Lesson Plan with Disaster Mitigation Material Insertion to Teach Reading Skills
Authors: Umaemah Amroh , Hidayat Hendi
Published: September 2024

The study was intended to develop lesson plan with disaster mitigation material insertion to teach reading skills. The type of research used is Research and Development (R & D) with the ADDIE model consisting of Analysis, Design, Development Implementation and Evaluation. The data were gained through interview with 3 teachers and 3 students, document analysis, and literature review. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The design stage is conducted by studying the problem and need analysis. At the development stage, we compile and design prototypes by developing lesson plans and learning materials, expert validation, as well as limited scale test. The research was conducted at SMPN 5 Lemahsugih, Majalengka. The expert validation resulted in an average of 89.58. This means that the lesson plan that was developed meets valid criteria and needs to be slightly revised. Meanwhile, the percentage of student responses to the application of the lesson plan was 89.7% in the limited scale test. The score is included in the good category, which means lesson plan is practically applied in the learning instruction.
Hérnia de Littre umbilical encarcerada: um relato de caso
Authors: Levy Marcela Romero da Frota , Lima Douglas Marques Ferreira de , Fernandes Afonso Nonato Goes , Gomes Karen Suzyanne Coelho , Bisio Natan Rolim de Assunção , Marangoni Anik Moraes
Published: September 2024

Hérnia de Littre é uma apresentação rara caracterizada por um divertículo de Meckel dentro de uma hérnia, podendo ser umbilical, femoral e inguinal. O caso apresentado revela uma paciente de 83 anos com parada de eliminação de fezes e abaulamento em região umbilical, e durante tomografia de abdome foi identificada uma hérnia encarcerada. Foi submetida a enterectomia e identificaram a hérnia de Littre durante o período intraoperatório. A ressecção do divertículo de Meckel é importante para prevenir complicações, como obstrução intestinal, hemorragia e perfuração e deve-se levar em conta essa apresentação potencialmente grave para pacientes com hérnias.
Análise epidemiológica da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal no Brasil nos últimos 10 anos
Authors: Marques Iana Vitória Araújo , Augusto João Pedro Andrade , Gomes Karen Suzyanne Coelho , Oliveira Raíra Marques , Lopes Edmilson Cruz , Menezes Francisco Julimar Correia de
Published: September 2024

A Doença Inflamatória Intestinal é representada, principalmente, pela Doença de Crohn e Retocolite Ulcerativa, e é caracterizada por um processo multifatorial e imunomediado em indivíduos com predisposição genética para o desenvolvimento e evolução desse quadro. Observa-se uma tendência mundial no aumento de casos, tanto em países desenvolvidos quanto em desenvolvimento, cujas hipóteses explicativas baseiam-se na influência do estilo de vida e da globalização. No Brasil, apesar da baixa incidência, é progressivamente destacável o aumento expressivo do número de casos nos últimos anos. O estudo foi realizado por uma análise de dados do sistema de Declaração de Morbidade Hospitalar do SUS. Foi analisado uma prevalência do sexo feminino em ambas as doenças e, na faixa etária, em adultos jovens. Acerca das regiões brasileiras, ocorreu uma prevalência no Sul e Sudeste. Importante ressaltar que a região Norte apresentou a maior taxa de mortalidade. Esse cenário pode ser consequência de disparidades socioeconômicas e subnotificações.
Constitutional Status of the Head of State and Its Regulation in National Legislation
Authors: KALACHYK MYKOLA , GREENBERG ERIC
Published: September 2024

This study established that the head of the Ukrainian state is the key guarantor of the stability of social relations and internal political and international processes. He exerts influence directly by drafting various regulations, sending messages and orders for the implementation of various constitutional provisions in real management practice. The author pointed out certain problems and imperfections of the legislative regulation of activities of the current President of Ukraine. Separate legal constructions regarding the characteristics and features of the activities of the President of Ukraine and the reform of various state institutions were also investigated. The practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine was involved in the study, related to the consideration of issues of changing the constitutional, legislative foundations of the country’s development and the status of the head of state. Therefore, the purpose of this study is a comprehensive study of the institution of the head of state of independent Ukraine and other countries to obtain comparative legal experience for the Ukrainian legislative system. The main results of the study were obtained through theoretical and methodological analysis of literary scientific sources, as well as by methods of formal legal, comparative legal, comparative political, system-structural analysis, value-normative and institutional methods, content analysis of statistical data and official documents. The study of modern practice and achievements of the President of Ukraine allowed determining the practical significance and originality of certain issues of the implementation of constitutional norms in the activities of the head of state. The subjects considered in this paper related to the regulation of the legal status of the President in the current legislation of Ukraine are promising for further in-depth study and detailing, resolving various controversial issues, including for additional analysis concerning modern legal reforms of the state
Teleological Statism in State Building: Doctrinal, Constitutional, and Historical Analysis
Authors: SUKHONOS VOLODYMYR , SUKHONOS VIKTOR , STOYANOV STEFAN
Published: September 2024

Ensuring state interests as the leading area of the state’s activity is a rather urgent problem of modern Ukraine. For that reason, the purpose of the study is the examination of teleological statism in state-building in its doctrinal, constitutional, and historical dimensions. The methodological basis of the study is synergetic and analytical approaches, general scientific (praxeological, historical, and dialectical) and special (formal-legal, comparative-legal) methods of scientific cognition. The study clarifies that at the conceptual level the doctrinal aspect of teleological statism in state-building appears in the “Age of Revolutions” of the 16th-18th centuries in the form of the theory of the regulatory state. Therewith, it is proved that in 20th century it is manifested in the theories of totalitarian and corporate state. The co-authors substantiate that the embodiment of teleological statism in state-building is mostly fixed at the level of individual laws, which have the character of constitutional. It is proved that Italy of the fascist dictatorship, which considered totalitarianism as a fundamental principle of its statehood, did not actually acquire a statist character. It is also established that Spain during the actual regency of F. Franco Bahamonde and Portugal during the dictatorships of A. Salazar and M. Caetano were openly statist, despite the fact that the world community did not formally recognise them as totalitarian. The study discovers that the ideas of the “corporate state” were most effectively implemented in Italy under Mussolini, Spain during the reign of Franco, Portugal during the dictatorship of A. Salazar and, to some extent, the Third Reich by A. Hitler. The co-authors substantiate that the origins of the ideals of autocracy, which are characteristic of modern Russia, were the situation in the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. As a result of the analysis of historical features of implementation of teleological statism in state-building of Russia, it is confirmed that there are two approaches to it – personalism and statism. It is identified that the embodiment of the personalist approach was the rule of the Moscow Rurik dynasty from Ivan III to Fyodor Ivanovich. Therewith, it is substantiated that the era of statism in Russia lasted from the reign of Peter I to the reign of his niece – Anna Ioannovna. The practical value of this study is that it can be used both in further research and in the teaching of legal disciplines of the political science cycle
DISCUSSION ISSUES OF DISCRETIONARY POWERS OF THE ANTIMONOPOLY COMMITTEE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Dudyk Inna
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the debatable issues of discretionary powers of the bodies of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine. It is noted that for the Ukrainian legal doctrine and, especially, the practice of law enforcement, discretion is a fairly new legal category and its content is poorly understood. Considering the above, in particular, the concept and types of discretionary powers are considered.The situation of the refusal of the antimonopoly body to consider the case, issued by a letter, which is an act of individual action, which can be challenged in court, is being investigated. An analysis of the judicial review of the proper exercise of the powers of the competition agency is given, which must act not only within the limits of its powers, choosing one or another type of behavior according to the law, but it is also necessary that such behavior is fully aimed at protecting human rights, the general interest of the state and society. give an example of illegal implementation of discretionary powers of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine in which cases.
PROBLEMS OF QUALIFICATION OF COMPLICITY IN CRIMINAL OFFENSES WITH A SPECIAL SUBJECT
Authors: Osadcha Anna , Kharytonov Serhii
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the study of actual problems of the qualification of complicity in criminal offenses with a special subject. Theauthors of the article pay special attention to the lack of an agreed point of view in the science of criminal law regarding the recognition of general and special subjects as complicit in a criminal offense and the need to develop rules for the qualification of criminal offenses with a special subject in complicity. The main doctrinal approaches to the qualification of complicity of a generalsubject in criminal offenses with a special subject are considered. It has been established that the rules for qualifying the actions of accomplices require a differentiated approach and depend on the characteristics of the special subject and the characteristics of other elements of the criminal offense.
INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW RELATIONS OF THE STATE: SUBJECTIVE CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: Popko Yevgen
Published: September 2024

The article examines the theoretical and legal foundations of the state as a subject of international private law relations and its special status. The author studies the immunity of the state as a subject of private international law and defines the range of relations in which the state may act as a subject of international law. The basis of immunity is considered to be the sovereignty of the state. The author analyzes the main concepts of jurisdictional immunity of states: absolute immunity and functional (limited) immunity, their features and enshrined in international legal acts and national legislation. The article reviews the relationship between the state as a subject of civil legal relations and a legal entity, their similarities and differences. This paper defines the range of relations in the international civil law sphere, to which the state may be a party.
FEATURES OF THE PRINCIPLE OF NON-DISCRIMINATION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC LAW
Authors: Kortukova Tamara , Nevara Liliia
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the research of the features of non-discrimination principle in international trade and economic law. This principle promotes international cooperation despite any differences in political, economic and social systems. States could not be put in worse conditions in relation to other states, with a difference in socio-economic system or level of development, etc. The principle of non-discrimination in trade and economic law contributes to the process of gradual convergence of economic, political and legal differences between different social systems. Considering that trade and economic relations are aimed at reducing and eliminating tariff and non-tariff barriers in international trade, creating more transparent and predictable terms of trade, simplifying trade procedures, counteracting unfair trade practices, the principle of non-discrimination is an integral principle of international trade. The principle of non-discrimination is a special principle of trade and economic law. Detailed attention in the article is given to the historical prerequisites for the development and implementation of the non-discrimination principle in international trade and economic law. The authors analize the features of this principle from the moment of its appearance to the time when it was enshrined in numerous international treaties and when it acquired a custom character. The article defines the modern international legal basis of the principle of non-discrimination. This principle has been classified into two components, namely the most favoured nation principle and the principle of national treatment. The article compares the general and distinctive characteristics of the most favoured nation principle and national treatment. These principles complement and reinforce each other to achieve a common goal, in particular ensuring non-discrimination in trade. However, unlike the most favoured nation principle, the principle of national treatment is applied only after the goods have passed customs control and entered the market of the corresponding state. The authors also analize the practice of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body in the context of violations of the principle of most favoured nation principle and the principle of national treatment.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE JURISDICTIONAL IMMUNITY INSTITUTION IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Popko Yevgen
Published: September 2024

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and historical legal underpinnings of the establishment and evolution of the concept of state immunity. The study delves into the key trends shaping the development of this institutional framework, elucidates the notion of immunity, and examines its implications within the realm of legal norms. Moreover, it highlights the multifaceted challenges arising from the application of state immunity in private law contexts. The article underscores the role played by customary norms and judicial precedents in shaping this progression. It investigates the origins of absolute state immunity and the emergence of limited immunity, accentuating the dualistic nature of state immunity. This duality stems from the state's simultaneous roles as both a custodian of sovereign authority and an economic entity, alongside a guardian of private interests. The article emphasizes the imperative to enhance domestic legislation and standardize the tenets of private international law in this domain. In addition, this article scrutinizes the theoretical and legal foundations of jurisdictional immunity of states within the purview of private international law and elucidates its methodological tenets. The author scrutinizes the groundwork upon which the jurisdictional immunity of states is established, delineates its conceptual framework and characteristics, and enumerates the principal forms of state immunity. Moreover, the study appraises the primary theories of jurisdictional immunity: absolute immunity and functional (limited) immunity. Special attention is accorded to the legal framework governing the jurisdictional immunity of states on both international and domestic fronts. Essential facets of the concept of jurisdictional immunity of states within international private law interactions are identified.
Furthermore, the article assesses the immunity of the state as an entity governed by private international law and delineates the spectrum of relationships in which the state might engage as a subject of international law. Sovereignty stands as the bedrock upon which immunity is founded. The analysis dissects the core concepts of jurisdictional immunity of states, namely absolute immunity and functional (limited) immunity, elucidating their attributes and codification within international legal instruments and national statutes.
LEGAL REGULATION OF OTHER FORMS OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN: CURRENT SITUATION, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Yusubov Shrastan
Published: September 2024

Freedom of assembly has several historical roots. In early times, freedom of assembly was closely linked with the right to petition, that is, the self-interest of citizens and the public good were directed against the monarch. In consultative forms of direct democracy, the use of individual institutions of freedom of assembly in public and political processes is very important. Thus, for people to be able to exercise their public rights, they can effectively influence political power through the institution of freedom of assembly, in a consultative form. This is one of the main means of balancing the activities of political power.
The freedom of assembly is guaranteed by legal guarantees and corresponding restrictions of the Constitution and international agreements. The main goal of the state is to take appropriate measures for peaceful and free assembly without weapons. The principle of equality cannot be violated in the exercise of this right to freedom. "Assembly" means a temporary gathering of several people in public places for political purposes, which may take the form of public events, rallies, pickets, tent cities, demonstrations, street processions, etc.
A person or a group of persons organizing various forms of freedom of free assembly must receive official approval in advance from the executive authority or notify them about the relevant measure. The warning should be justified by the organizers and its purpose should be explained. In holding these mass events, the will of the people should be accepted as the main factor, and the requirements of the law should be strictly followed. The development dynamics of consultative forms of democracy directly depend on the level of democratic statehood of those democratic states. One of the main factors here is the presence of civil solidarity and the state's liberal legislative system.
In the application of the freedom of free assembly, the expression of opinion and will of the people and a part of it, as one of the means of influencing the political power, these processes take place in the same direction as the process of democratic development of the state. These political institutions are one of the people's opportunities to control democratic processes and develop them continuously.