bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Vibrio harveyi adaptation in sea water microcosms at elevated temperature provides insights into the putative mechanisms of its persistence and spread in the time of global warming
Authors: Montánchez Itxaso , Ogayar Elixabet , Plágaro Ander Hernández , Esteve-Codina Anna , Gómez-Garrido Jèssica , Orruño Maite , Arana Inés , Kaberdin Vladimir R.
Published: January 2019

Discovering the means to control the increasing dissemination of pathogenic vibrios driven by recent climate change is challenged by the limited knowledge of the mechanisms in charge of Vibrio spp. persistence and spread in the time of global warming. To learn about physiological and gene expression patterns associated with the long-term persistence of V. harveyi at elevated temperatures, we studied adaptation of this marine bacterium in seawater microcosms at 30 °C which closely mimicked the upper limit of sea surface temperatures around the globe. We found that nearly 90% of cells lost their culturability and became partly damaged after two weeks, thus suggesting a negative impact of the combined action of elevated temperature and shortage of carbon on V. harveyi survival. Moreover, further gene expression analysis revealed that major adaptive mechanisms were poorly coordinated and apparently could not sustain cell fitness. On the other hand, elevated temperature and starvation promoted expression of many virulence genes, thus potentially reinforcing the pathogenicity of this organism. These findings suggest that the increase in disease outbreaks caused by V. harveyi under rising sea surface temperatures may not reflect higher cell fitness, but rather an increase in virulence enabling V. harveyi to escape from adverse environments to nutrient rich, host-pathogen associations.
Abrogated Caveolin-1 expression via histone modification enzyme Setdb2 regulates brain edema in a mouse model of influenza-associated encephalopathy
Authors: Imakita Natsuko , Kitabatake Masahiro , Ouji-Sageshima Noriko , Hara Atsushi , Morita-Takemura Shoko , Kasahara Kei , Matsukawa Akihiro , Wanaka Akio , Mikasa Keiichi , Ito Toshihiro
Published: January 2019

Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) is a serious complication that can follow influenza virus infection. Once a cytokine storm is induced during influenza virus infection, tight junction protein disruption occurs, which consequently leads to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. However, the details of IAE pathogenesis are not well understood. Here, we established a murine IAE model by administration of lipopolysaccharide following influenza virus infection. Brains from IAE model mice had significantly higher expression of type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the expression of Caveolin-1, one of the key proteins that correlate with protection of the BBB, was significantly lower in brains from the IAE group compared with the control group. We also found that, among 84 different histone modification enzymes, only SET domain bifurcated 2 (Setdb2), one of the histone methyltransferases that methylates the lysine 9 of histone H3, showed significantly higher expression in the IAE group compared with the control group. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 was correlated with repression of the Caveolin-1 promoter region. These studies identify Caveolin-1 as a key regulator of BBB permeability in IAE and reveal that it acts through histone modification induced by Setdb2.
Paleomagnetic Evidence for Inverse Correspondence between the Relative Contribution of the Axial Dipole Field and CMB Heat Flux for the Past 270 Myr
Authors: Franco Daniel Ribeiro , de Oliveira Wellington Paulo , Freitas Felipe Barbosa Venâncio de , Takahashi Diego , da Ponte Neto Cosme Ferreira , Peixoto Ian Muzy Camarão
Published: January 2019

We provide an evaluation of the paleolatitudinal dependence of the paleosecular variation throughout the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition – linked to the high geomagnetic reversal frequency interval Illawarra Hyperzone of Mixed Polarity (IHMP; ~266.7–228.7 Myr). Our findings were compared with those for intervals of distinctive geomagnetic reversal frequencies within the Phanerozoic. Our results for the IHMP were conducted through estimates of angular dispersion (SB) of virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) data groups, taken from a high quality paleomagnetic database. Model G was fitted to these data, providing its shape parameters a and b (respectively related to the antisymmetric and symmetric harmonic terms for the time-average geomagnetic field). Results for the IHMP exhibited compatible patterns with two well-known intervals of higher reversal frequency – Jurassic and the last 5 Myr. A comparison of b/a ratio results – considered as an efficient indicator for the relative contribution of the axial dipole field – for the last 270 Myr, indicated an inverse correspondence with the relative core-mantle boundary (CMB) heat flux, according to recent discussions, clarifying the physical meaning of the Model G shape parameters a and b.
Using a Targeted Proteomics Chip to Explore Pathophysiological Pathways for Incident Diabetes– The Malmö Preventive Project
Authors: Molvin John , Pareek Manan , Jujic Amra , Melander Olle , Råstam Lennart , Lindblad Ulf , Daka Bledar , Leósdóttir Margrét , Nilsson Peter M. , Olsen Michael H. , Magnusson Martin
Published: January 2019

Multiplex proteomic platforms provide excellent tools for investigating associations between multiple proteins and disease (e.g., diabetes) with possible prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications. In this study our aim was to explore novel pathophysiological pathways by examining 92 proteins and their association with incident diabetes in a population-based cohort (146 cases of diabetes versus 880 controls) followed over 8 years. After adjusting for traditional risk factors, we identified seven proteins associated with incident diabetes. Four proteins (Scavenger receptor cysteine rich type 1 protein M130, Fatty acid binding protein 4, Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2) with a previously established association with incident diabetes and 3 proteins (Cathepsin D, Galectin-4, Paraoxonase type 3) with a novel association with incident diabetes. Galectin-4, with an increased risk of diabetes, and Paraoxonase type 3, with a decreased risk of diabetes, remained significantly associated with incident diabetes after adjusting for plasma glucose, implying a glucose independent association with diabetes.
Phase-specific functions of macrophages determine injury-mediated corneal hem- and lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Kiesewetter A. , Cursiefen C. , Eming S. A. , Hos D.
Published: January 2019

Macrophages are critical mediators of injury-associated corneal hemangiogenesis (HA) and lymphangiogenesis (LA). Yet, molecular regulators of the hem- and lymphangiogenic potential of corneal wound macrophages are poorly understood. Using two different mouse models of acute (perforating corneal incision injury) and chronic (corneal suture placement model) corneal injury, here we identified distinct functions of early- versus late-phase corneal wound macrophages in corneal HA and LA. Whereas early-phase wound macrophages are essential for initiation and progression of injury-mediated corneal HA and LA, late-phase wound macrophages control maintenance of established corneal lymphatic vessels, but not blood vessels. Furthermore, our findings reveal that the hem- and lymphangiogenic potential of corneal wound macrophages is controlled by the type of the corneal damage. Whereas perforating corneal incision injury induced primarily wound macrophages with lymphangiogenic potential, corneal suture placement provoked wound macrophages with both hem- and lymphangiogenic potential. Our findings highlight a previously unrecognized injury-context dependent role of early- versus late-phase corneal wound macrophages with potential clinical impact on therapy development for sight-threatening corneal neovascular diseases.
Genetic variant of WIF1 gene is functionally associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip in Han Chinese population
Authors: Sun Ye , You Yongqing , Dai Kerong , Zhang Junxin , Yan Moqi , Zhang Yijian
Published: January 2019

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common skeletal disorder. Studies have demonstrated a significant role of WIF1 gene in skeletal development. The present study was conducted to reveal the association between DDH and gene WIF1. A two-stage case-control candidate gene association study was conducted in total 1573 samples (586 DDH patients and 987 healthy controls) in this study. Polymorphism rs3782499 was genotyped in all samples. Difference of WIF1 expression in hip joint tissue was compared between the patients and the controls. WIF1 expression was compared among different genotypes in DDH patients. The SNP rs3782499 was found significantly associated with DDH in the two-stage study with 585 patients and 987 controls. There was a significant difference in allele frequency (p = 4.37 * 10−5) and genotype distribution in a recessive model (AG + GG vs. AA). DDH patients were found to have significantly higher WIF1 expression than controls. Moreover, Patients with rs3782499 genotype AA have a significantly increased expression of WIF1 than those with GG. To conclude, polymorphism rs3782499 of WIF1 gene is a functional variant regulating the expression of WIF1 in DDH in Chinese Han population, which might be a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of DDH.
Quantitative phase imaging reveals matrix stiffness-dependent growth and migration of cancer cells
Authors: Li Yanfen , Fanous Michael J. , Kilian Kristopher A. , Popescu Gabriel
Published: January 2019

Cancer progression involves complex signals within the tumor microenvironment that orchestrate proliferation and invasive processes. The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within this microenvironment has been demonstrated to influence growth and the migratory phenotype that precedes invasion. Here we present the integration of a label-free quantitative phase imaging technique, spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM)—with protein-conjugated hydrogel substrates—to explore how the stiffness of the ECM influences melanoma cells of varying metastatic potential. Melanoma cells of high metastatic potential demonstrate increased growth and velocity characteristics relative to cells of low metastatic potential. Cell velocity in the highly metastatic population shows a relative stability at higher matrix stiffness suggesting adoption of migratory routines that are independent of mechanics to facilitate invasion. The use of SLIM and engineered substrates provides a new approach to characterize the invasive properties of live cells as a function of microenvironment parameters. This work provides fundamental insight into the relationship between growth, migration and metastatic potential, and provides a new tool for profiling cancer cells for clinical grading and development of patient-specific therapeutic regimens.
Microfluidic-based graphene field effect transistor for femtomolar detection of chlorpyrifos
Authors: Islam Saurav , Shukla Shruti , Bajpai Vivek K. , Han Young-Kyu , Huh Yun Suk , Ghosh Arindam , Gandhi Sonu
Published: January 2019

Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used pesticides that acts on the nervous system by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Prolonged use of chlorpyrifos causes severe neurological, autoimmune, and persistent developmental disorders in humans. Therefore, in this study, a highly sensitive and robust biosensor platform was devised by fabricating graphene field effect transistors (graFET) on Si/SiO2 substrate for the detection of chlorpyrifos in real samples. Anti-chlorpyrifos antibodies were immobilized successfully on the graphene surface. Under optimal conditions, graFET sensor showed an excellent response for chlorpyrifos detection in the linear range of 1 fM to 1 µM with a limit of detection up to 1.8 fM in spiked samples. The developed graFET biosensor is highly stable, sensitive, and specific for chlorpyrifos as confirmed by its significant ability to detect changes in electrostatic potential. These findings signify useful efficacy of immunobiosensors for the detection of chlorpyrifos and other organophosphates in fruits and vegetables.
Transcriptomic immaturity inducible by neural hyperexcitation is shared by multiple neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Murano Tomoyuki , Hagihara Hideo , Tajinda Katsunori , Matsumoto Mitsuyuki , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2019

Biomarkers are needed to improve the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders, which are often associated to excitatory/inhibitory imbalances in neural transmission and abnormal maturation. Here, we characterized different disease conditions by mapping changes in the expression patterns of maturation-related genes whose expression was altered by experimental neural hyperexcitation in published studies. This analysis revealed two gene expression patterns: decreases in maturity markers and increases in immaturity markers. These two groups of genes were characterized by the over-representation of genes related to synaptic function and chromosomal modification, respectively. Using these two groups in a transdiagnostic analysis of 87 disease datasets for eight neuropsychiatric disorders and 12 datasets from corresponding animal models, we found that transcriptomic pseudoimmaturity inducible by neural hyperexcitation is shared by multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer disorders, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Our results indicate that this endophenotype serves as a basis for the transdiagnostic characterization of these disorders.
A global database of water vapor isotopes measured with high temporal resolution infrared laser spectroscopy
Authors: Wei Zhongwang , Lee Xuhui , Aemisegger Franziska , Benetti Marion , Berkelhammer Max , Casado Mathieu , Caylor Kelly , Christner Emanuel , Dyroff Christoph , García Omaira , González Yenny , Griffis Timothy , Kurita Naoyuki , Liang Jie , Liang Mao-Chang , Lin Guanghui , Noone David , Gribanov Konstantin , Munksgaard Niels C. , Schneider Matthias , Ritter François , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian , Vallet-Coulomb Christine , Wen Xuefa , Wright Jonathon S. , Xiao Wei , Yoshimura Kei
Published: January 2019

The isotopic composition of water vapour provides integrated perspectives on the hydrological histories of air masses and has been widely used for tracing physical processes in hydrological and climatic studies. Over the last two decades, the infrared laser spectroscopy technique has been used to measure the isotopic composition of water vapour near the Earth’s surface. Here, we have assembled a global database of high temporal resolution stable water vapour isotope ratios (δ18O and δD) observed using this measurement technique. As of March 2018, the database includes data collected at 35 sites in 15 Köppen climate zones from the years 2004 to 2017. The key variables in each dataset are hourly values of δ18O and δD in atmospheric water vapour. To support interpretation of the isotopologue data, synchronized time series of standard meteorological variables from in situ observations and ERA5 reanalyses are also provided. This database is intended to serve as a centralized platform allowing researchers to share their vapour isotope datasets, thus facilitating investigations that transcend disciplinary and geographic boundaries.
PEPCONF, a diverse data set of peptide conformational energies
Authors: Prasad Viki Kumar , Otero-de-la-Roza Alberto , DiLabio Gino A.
Published: January 2019

We present an extensive and diverse database of peptide conformational energies. Our database contains five different classes of model geometries: dipeptides, tripeptides, and disulfide-bridged, bioactive, and cyclic peptides. In total, the database consists of 3775 conformational energy data points and 4530 conformer geometries. All the reference energies have been calculated at the LC-ωPBE-XDM/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory, which is shown to yield conformational energies with an accuracy in the order of tenths of a kcal/mol when compared to complete-basis-set coupled-cluster reference data. The peptide conformational data set (PEPCONF) is presented as a high-quality reference set for the development and benchmarking of molecular-mechanics and semi-empirical electronic structure methods, which are the most commonly used techniques in the modeling of medium to large proteins.
Antioxidant activity of curcuminoids
Authors: Llano Sandra , Gómez Sara , Londoño Julián , Restrepo Albeiro
Published: January 2019

The antioxidant activity of the keto and enol forms of curcuminoids isolated from the roots of Curcuma longa is directly related to CH3O⋯H–O and NOT to CO⋯H–O hydrogen bonds.
Water flow modeling through a graphene-based nanochannel: theory and simulation
Authors: Kargar Mahboubeh , Lohrasebi Amir
Published: January 2019

Water flow through graphene-based channels can be described as a function of h and p by a third order polynomial curve.
Dynamics of aggregated states resolved by gated fluorescence in films of room temperature phosphorescent emitters
Authors: dos Santos Paloma L. , Silveira Orlando J. , Huang Rongjuan , Jardim Guilherme A. M. , Matos Matheus J. S. , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. , Monkman Andrew P. , Dias Fernando B. , Cury Luiz A.
Published: January 2019

Aggregation effects on temporal dynamics of singlet monomer and dimer as well as triplet states in films of phenazine derivative molecules were investigated.
Effects of the number of layers on the vibrational, electronic and optical properties of alpha lead oxide
Authors: Bakhtatou Ali , Ersan Fatih
Published: January 2019

We have investigated the effects of the number of layers on the structure, vibrational, electronic and optical properties of α-PbO using first principles calculations. Our calculations have indicated that ultrathin films of α-PbO (such as 3 nm thickness) could be excellent candidates for solar cells.
Thin film photoelectrodes for solar water splitting
Authors: He Yumin , Hamann Thomas , Wang Dunwei
Published: January 2019

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fabrication, development and application of thin-film photoelectrodes.
Ordered mesoporous silica cubic particles decorated with silver nanoparticles: a highly active and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Fan Hui-Tao , Liu Xue-Guo , Xing Xiao-Jing , Li Bo , Wang Kun , Chen Shu-Ting , Wu Zhou , Qiu Dong-Fang
Published: January 2019

An Ag–OMS-C nanocomposite with a high surface area was proposed, and its potential application for catalytic activity was highlighted.
Application of external voltage for fouling mitigation from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and molybdenum disulfide functionalized surfaces
Authors: Alam Iftaykhairul , Guiney Linda M. , Hersam Mark C. , Chowdhury Indranil
Published: January 2019

Fouling of surfaces remains one of the largest challenges in the field of water filtration.
Ferrihydrite transformation under the impact of humic acid and Pb: kinetics, nanoscale mechanisms, and implications for C and Pb dynamics
Authors: Lu Yang , Hu Shiwen , Wang Zimeng , Ding Yang , Lu Guining , Lin Zhang , Dang Zhi , Shi Zhenqing
Published: January 2019

We, at nanoscale, demonstrated a visualized description of ferrihydrite transformation to crystalline Fe oxides under the impact of Pb and HA.
Protective effect of biogenic polyphosphate nanoparticles fromSynechococcussp. PCC 7002 on dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis in mice
Authors: Feng Guangxin , Zeng Mingyong , Huang Min , Zhu Suqin , Guo Wei , Wu Haohao
Published: January 2019

Biogenic polyphosphate nanoparticles fromSynechococcussp. PCC 7002 exhibit a considerablein vivoefficacy to maintain gut health.
Bio-oil: a versatile precursor to produce carbon nanostructures in liquid phase under mild conditions
Authors: Ballotin Fabiane Carvalho , Perdigão Lucas Teodoro , Rezende Marcus Vinícius B. , Pandey Sugandha Dogra , da Silva Márcio José , Soares Ricardo Reis , Freitas Jair C. C. , Teixeira Ana Paula de Carvalho , Lago Rochel Montero
Published: January 2019

Renewable and low-cost bio-oil can be converted to carbon nanostructures in liquid phase under mild conditions.
Self-recoverable Pd–Ru/TiO2 nanocatalysts with ultrastability towards ethanol electrooxidation
Authors: Liu Xianhu , Ning Lina , Deng Min , Wu Jianyang , Zhu Aimei , Zhang Qiugen , Liu Qinglin
Published: January 2019

Self-recoverable Pd–Ru/TiO2 nanocatalysts have been prepared by electrochemical stripping of Pd–Ru/TiO2 precursors.
Molecular simulation of CO2/CH4/H2O competitive adsorption and diffusion in brown coal
Authors: Zhou Wenning , Wang Haobo , Zhang Zhe , Chen Hongxia , Liu Xunliang
Published: January 2019

Competitive adsorption and diffusion behaviours of CO2/CH4/H2O in brown coal were explored by GCMC and MD simulations.
NIR absorbing ortho-π-extended perylene bisimide as a promising material for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells
Authors: Regar Ramprasad , Mishra Ruchika , Singhal Rahul , Sharma Ganesh D. , Sankar Jeyaraman
Published: January 2019

A simple DBU-appended perylene bisimide small molecule has been identified as an efficient donor for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells.
Emulsion polymerization derived organic photocatalysts for improved light-driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Aitchison Catherine M. , Sprick Reiner Sebastian , Cooper Andrew I.
Published: January 2019

Here, we present the use of mini-emulsion polymerization to generate small particle analogues of three insoluble conjugated polymers for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production.
A highly sensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on an aligned GaN nanowires array/polydopamine heterointerface modified with Au nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Qingyun , Yang Taotao , Ye Yongqin , Chen Ping , Ren Xiaoning , Rao Ai , Wan Ying , Wang Bin , Luo Zhiqiang
Published: January 2019

Taking advantage of a nanowire array configuration and a semiconductor/polymer heterointerface, a highly sensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensor was developed through integration of polydopamine on an aligned GaN nanowire surface.
Bandgap aligned Cu12Sb4S13 quantum dots as efficient inorganic hole transport materials in planar perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability
Authors: Liu Yueli , Chen Qiao , Mei Aohan , Hu Bin , Yang Zifan , Chen Wen
Published: January 2019

J–V curves and stability tests of the PSCs using various HTMs.
Bio-derived 3D TiO2 hollow spheres with a mesocrystal nanostructure to achieve improved electrochemical performance of Na-ion batteries in ether-based electrolytes
Authors: Yang Rongrong , Sun Lanju , Liu Wei , Zhang Yuan , Cui Yongpeng , Du Yongxiu , Liu Shuang , Wang Huanlei , Huang Minghua
Published: January 2019

Novel hollow TiO2 spheres with mesocrystal shells were fabricated via sacrificial bio-templates, exhibiting enhanced Na+ ion storage in ether-based electrolyte.
Kinase activity of mutant LRRK2 manifests differently in hetero-dimeric vs. homo-dimeric complexes
Authors: Leandrou Emmanouela , Markidi Eliana , Memou Anna , Melachroinou Katerina , Greggio Elisa , Rideout Hardy J.
Published: January 2019

The Parkinson's disease (PD) protein leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) exists as a mixture of monomeric and dimeric species, with its kinase activity highly concentrated in the dimeric conformation of the enzyme. We have adapted the proximity biotinylation approach to study the formation and activity of LRRK2 dimers isolated from cultured cells. We find that the R1441C and I2020T mutations both enhance the rate of dimer formation, whereas, the G2019S kinase domain mutant is similar to WT, and the G2385R risk factor variant de-stabilizes dimers. Interestingly, we find a marked departure in the kinase activity between G2019S–LRRK2 homo-dimers and wild-type-G2019S hetero-dimers. While the homo-dimeric G2019S–LRRK2 exhibits the typical robust enhancement of kinase activity, hetero-dimers comprised of wild-type (WT) and G2019S–LRRK2 exhibit kinase activity similar to WT. Dimeric complexes of specific mutant forms of LRRK2 show reduced stability following an in vitro kinase reaction, in LRRK2 mutants for which the kinase activity is similar to WT. Phosphorylation of the small GTPase Rab10 follows a similar pattern in which hetero-dimers of WT and mutant LRRK2 show similar levels of phosphorylation of Rab10 to WT homo-dimers; while the levels of pRab10 are significantly increased in cells expressing mutant homo-dimers. Interestingly, while the risk variant G2385R leads to a de-stabilization of LRRK2 dimers, those dimers possess significantly elevated kinase activity. The vast majority of familial LRRK2-dependent PD cases are heterozygous; thus, these findings raise the possibility that a crucial factor in disease pathogenesis may be the accumulation of homo-dimeric mutant LRRK2.
5-HT2A receptor loss does not alter acute fluoxetine-induced anxiety and exhibit sex-dependent regulation of cortical immediate early gene expression
Authors: Jaggar Minal , Banerjee Toshali , Weisstaub Noelia , Gingrich Jay A. , Vaidya Vidita A.
Published: January 2019

Background: Acute treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine (Flx), induces anxiety-like behavioral effects. The serotonin2A receptor (5-HT2A) is implicated in the modulation of anxiety-like behavior, however its contribution to the anxiogenic effects of acute Flx remains unclear. Here, we examined the role of the 5-HT2A receptor in the effects of acute Flx on anxiety-like behavior, serum corticosterone levels, neural activation and immediate early gene (IEG) expression in stress-responsive brain regions, using 5-HT2A receptor knockout (5-HT2A−/−) mice of both sexes. Methods: 5-HT2A−/− and wild-type (WT) male and female mice received a single administration of Flx or vehicle, and were examined for anxiety-like behavior, serum corticosterone levels, FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog peptide (c-Fos) positive cell numbers in stress-responsive brain regions of the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and PFC IEG expression. Results: The increased anxiety-like behavior and enhanced corticosterone levels evoked by acute Flx were unaltered in 5-HT2A−/− mice of both sexes. 5-HT2A−/− female mice exhibited a diminished neural activation in the hypothalamus in response to acute Flx. Further, 5-HT2A−/− male, but not female, mice displayed altered baseline expression of several IEGs (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), Egr2, Egr4, FBJ osteosarcoma gene (Fos), FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (Fosb), Fos-like antigen 2 (Fosl2), Homer scaffolding protein (Homer) 1-3 (Homer1-3), Jun proto-oncogene (Jun)) in the PFC. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the increased anxiety and serum corticosterone levels evoked by acute Flx are not influenced by 5-HT2A receptor deficiency. However, the loss of function of the 5-HT2A receptor alters the degree of neural activation of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in response to acute Flx, and baseline expression of several IEGs in the PFC in a sexually dimorphic manner.
Energy‐efficient optimisation for UAV‐aided wireless sensor networks
Authors: Hua Meng , Wang Yi , Zhang Zhengming , Li Chunguo , Huang Yongming , Yang Luxi
Published: January 2019

This study investigates a novel unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based wireless sensor network, where the UAV acts as a flying base station to serve multiple wireless sensor nodes (SNs). The authors goal is to maximise the system energy efficiency of the UAV while satisfying the fairness among SNs by jointly optimising the UAV trajectory and UAV time allocation. The formulated problem is shown to be a non‐convex fractional optimisation problem, which is hard to tackle. To this end, they decompose the original problem into two sub‐problems, and the block coordinate descent method and successive convex optimisation technique are employed to solve these two sub‐problems iteratively. Specifically, in the first sub‐problem, the optimal UAV time allocation is obtained by maximising the minimum achievable rate of SNs with given UAV trajectory constraints. In the second sub‐problem, the UAV trajectory is achieved by minimising the energy consumption of the UAV with the given UAV time allocation. Subsequently, an iterative algorithm is proposed to optimise the time allocation and UAV trajectory alternately. Furthermore, the convergence and complexity of their proposed algorithm are provided. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing benchmark strategies in terms of energy efficiency.
Non‐cooperative burst detection and synchronisation in downlink TDMA‐based wireless communication networks
Authors: Zebarjadi Maryam , Teimouri Mehdi
Published: January 2019

Blind signal detection is very important in various applications such as cognitive radio, spectrum surveillance, and eavesdropping. This gets trickier when one needs to deal with burst signals (as opposed to continuously transmitted signals) in non‐cooperative environments. Here, existing methods for signal detection are studied and developed to use for burst detection. For the special case of downlink time division multiple access (TDMA) burst transmission, performances of these detection methods are improved by proposing a blind synchronisation algorithm which is applied to the output result of detection algorithms. The results of Monte–Carlo simulations demonstrate the performance of the proposed detection and synchronisation algorithms.
Review of static risk‐based security assessment in power system
Authors: Bhuiyan Md Zakirul Alam , Anders George J. , Philhower Jason , Du Songhuai
Published: January 2019

Power systems can be affected by unpredicted and unavoidable faults and failures, making security assessment an important challenge, which requires significant research works. An overview of this critical area, as presented here, shows that the security assessment has transformed from a deterministic to risk‐based methods, with two broad categories, risk assessment and risk identification. First, a detailed discussion of risk assessment is given to summarise different methods to solve the problems of equipment failure probability model, scenarios formation, and severity assessment. Further, comprehensive survey and prospect for risk identification are provided as a roadmap to determine the risk source directly. Risk identification techniques such as tracking method, sensitivity analysis, and risk source identification help operators to take effectively preventive action and restore system security.
Rotor design for line start AF‐PMSM
Authors: Eker Mustafa , Akar Mehmet , Emeksiz Cem , Dogan Zafer
Published: January 2019

This study presents design and performance analyses for a new line start axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motors (AF‐PMSMs). The innovative part of this study is that AF‐PMSM can start directly from the line and operate with high efficiency and power factor after synchronisation. Prototype manufacturing was carried out after completing the analytical and electromagnetic designs for the targeted motor. The synchronisation capacity, power capacity, power–speed characteristic, power‐efficiency relationship along with the total harmonic distortion and back‐emf waveform of the induced voltage have been examined for the prototype motor. Simulation studies have been verified experimentally. The results obtained were compared with an induction motor with the same power. It was observed as a result of the work carried out and a line start AF‐PMSM is obtained that is 4–10% more efficient in comparison with an induction motor having the same power.
Design of a wind turbine generator for rural applications
Authors: Ruschetti Cristian , Verucchi Carlos , Bossio Guillermo , García Guillermo , Meira Matias
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a wind‐generation system design for rural applications. In Southern areas of Argentina, there are right conditions for wind energy exploitation. Depending on the characteristics of these areas, the wind‐generation systems can operate either isolated or connected to the grid. This work particularly emphasises the design of a generator to optimise the system performance and achieve its minimum volume. The analytical design is evaluated using finite element analysis and experimentally validated using a 35 kW prototype. The tests reveal that the design procedure is suitable. The initially proposed efficiency aim was exceeded, reaching a maximum value of 94.2%. The generator operating conditions make it particularly suited for the application for which it was designed.
Distributed routing algorithm with dynamic connection partition for mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhao Hai , Hai Long
Published: January 2019

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are attractive for many applications because of their easy‐to‐use and self‐organising nature. However, the routing overhead problem has always been a bottleneck restricting the development of MANETs technology. The reason behind is the traditional blind flooding methods and frequent route initiations caused by node mobility. Reducing routing overhead has a huge impact on saving energy consumption of mobile nodes and improving the MANETs performance. In this study, a distributed dynamic routing algorithm is proposed to establish an efficient routing mechanism for MANETs. Based on the mobility of nodes, a fuzzy positional relationship between nodes is constructed. Using this relationship, an improved routing method is designed. The authors characterise this relationship between nodes and implement the proposed algorithm in an ad hoc routing architecture. The simulation results show that the proposed routing algorithm achieves good performance in reducing routing overhead and improves the efficiency of packet transmissions in MANETs.
Analysis and behavioural modelling of matching networks for resonant‐operating capacitive wireless power transfer
Authors: Abramov Eli , Alonso Jose Marcos , Peretz Mor Mordechai
Published: January 2019

This study introduces a two‐port network‐based behavioural modelling approach for resonant‐operated capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. A simple, generic and unified modelling approach is developed to describe the behaviour of WPT systems, under changes of the source and load circuits, variations of the coupling interface and drifts of the components in the matching networks. The resultant model provides insights into the electrical cross‐coupling relationships between input and output parameters of the capacitive power transfer systems, including the effect of distance and alignment of the coupling plates. Regardless of the circuit complexity, it is demonstrated that the model core can be reduced to a basic gyrator relationship with added coefficients when required, thus obtaining a compact, closed‐form relationship between the input and output. To provide a simulation framework for capacitive medium variations, a simulation‐compatible model of the capacitive coupling using a continuous‐time variable capacitor has been constructed. The behavioural model and methodology have been validated through simulations and experiments. A 200 W experimental capacitive WPT prototype has been designed and examined for various air‐gaps up to 100 mm at a resonant operation of 1.56 MHz. A very good agreement is obtained between the theoretical predictions, simulations, and experimental results.
Photovoltaics and opportunistic electric vehicle charging in the power system – a case study on a Swedish distribution grid
Authors: Luthander Rasmus , Shepero Mahmoud , Munkhammar Joakim , Widén Joakim
Published: January 2019

Renewable distributed generation and electric vehicles (EVs) are two important components in the transition to a more sustainable society. However, both pose new challenges to the power system due to the intermittent generation and EV charging load. In this case study, a power system consisting of a low‐ and medium‐voltage rural and urban distribution grid with 5174 customers, high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) electricity and a fully electrified car fleet were assumed, and their impact on the grid was assessed. The two extreme cases of two summer weeks and two winter weeks with and without EV charging and a PV penetration varying between 0 and 100% of the annual electricity consumption were examined. Active power curtailment of the PV systems was used to avoid overvoltage. The results show an increased electricity consumption of 9.3% in the winter weeks and 17.1% in the summer weeks, a lowering of the minimum voltage by 1% at the most, and a marginal contribution by the EV charging to lower the need of PV power curtailment. This shows the minor impact of EV charging on the distribution grid, both in terms of allowing more PV power generation and in terms of lower voltage levels.
Forecasting of PV plant output using hybrid wavelet‐based LSTM‐DNN structure model
Authors: Ospina Juan , Newaz Alvi , Faruque M. Omar
Published: January 2019

This paper proposes a novel forecasting model designed to accurately forecast the PV power output for both large‐scale and small‐scale PV systems. The proposed model uses available temperature data, approximate and detailed coefficients obtained from the decomposed PV power time series using the stationary wavelet transform (SWT), and statistical features extracted from the historical PV data. The model is comprised of four long–short–term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNN) designed to perform multi‐step forecasting on the individual approximate and detailed coefficients decomposed by the SWT and a final deep neural network (DNN) designed to perform the next time step PV power forecast. The DNN makes use of the reconstructed values estimated by the four LSTM networks together with temperature data and statistical features to predict the final forecasted value of the next time step PV power. 30‐min resolution data from a 12.6 MW PV system located in the state of Florida are used for testing and evaluating the proposed method against several models found in the literature. The results obtained suggest that the proposed model improved the forecasting accuracy significantly in the metrics used to compare with other models while reducing the number of features needed to perform the forecasting operation.
Multipath exploitation for knowledge‐aided adaptive target detection
Authors: Kumbul Utku , Hayvaci Harun Taha
Published: January 2019

The authors consider the problem of multipath exploitation on adaptive radar detection of point‐like targets in a multipath environment where a priori information is available. A new approach to exploit multipath returns with knowledge‐aided adaptive target‐detection regime is proposed. The authors model the received signal as the sum of direct‐path and reflected‐path return under the assumption of a zero‐mean complex circular Gaussian noise with an unknown covariance matrix. The advantage of the proposed method is exploiting multipath returns with a priori knowledge of the reflecting environment, so that it has the knowledge of the reflected steering vector for a known actual direct‐path steering vector. A Generalised Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) for the corresponding hypothesis testing problem is derived. It is shown that the devised detector also secures the Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) property regarding the unknown parameters of the noise. Performance comparison of the proposed detector with the existing well‐known adaptive detectors is provided. It is presented that better‐detection performance can be achieved by exploiting multipath with knowledge‐aided adaptive radar. It is also observed that the devised detector has a small performance degradation in case of weak multipath return.
Steady‐state model of multi‐port electric energy router and power flow analysis method of AC/DC hybrid system considering control strategies
Authors: Shen Yu , Zhu Fengju , Zhang Chunpeng , Cai Weiqian , Yuan Liqiang , Li Kai , Zhao Zhengming
Published: January 2019

This study proposes a steady‐state model of multi‐port electric energy router (EER) and a power flow analysis method for AC/DC hybrid system considering control strategies. Firstly, a circuit topology model of EER is put forward, including AC and DC port equivalent parts. Secondly, considering external control characteristics of EER, the control strategies including PQ mode, V/f mode, and droop mode are established, which is suitable for system analysis. Then, using the extended sub‐network model, an AC/DC power flow model containing multi‐port EER is established. In terms of the power flow algorithm for AC/DC hybrid system, AC/DC network admittance matrix and the extended AC/DC network modification equations are applied to solve the problem. Two examples are designed and show that EER can be used for flexible power regulation and voltage improvement. Besides, power flow analysis method of AC/DC hybrid system is demonstrated to be effective.
Zonotope‐based quantification of the impact of renewable power generation on hybrid AC/DC distribution system
Authors: Gao Jianing , Han Bei , Xu Chenbo , Zhang Lijun , Li Guojie , Wang Keyou
Published: January 2019

Hybrid AC/DC distribution network has developed rapidly owing to its convenience for renewable energy integration, thus the authors are interested in quantifying the impact of uncertainty from renewable power on system static performance. This paper proposes a zonotope‐based set‐theoretic method for quantifying the impact of renewable power fluctuations on system‐state variables in hybrid AC/DC distribution network, both for the assessment of the capabilities for integrating renewable resources by hybrid AC/DC system, and for the appropriate selection of operating method in hybrid power systems. The authors bound the uncertain variations of generation by a zonotope and propagate it through a linearised power flow to get another zonotope, which captures all possible values of the system state variables. The zonotope‐based method is computationally tractable and takes less computation than probabilistic methods especially when considering the generation uncertainty of multiple renewable energy resources. The proposed method is applied to a hybrid AC/DC test system with different control strategies of converters. The results show that hybrid AC/DC system with proper control mode may help reduce the impact of generation uncertainty.
Control method of magnetic resonant WPT maintaining stable transmission power with wide misalignment tolerance
Authors: Zhao Jinbo , Luo Cheng , Ma Siyuan , Xiong Qiaopo , He Jie , Yang Miao , Wang Heng , Long Gen , Zhao Xiaobo , Song Chao , Hu Hongsheng , Cai Tao
Published: January 2019

Many applications of wireless power transmission (WPT) require high misalignment tolerance. However, the transmission power of WPT is highly susceptible to the misalignment. To solve this problem, the magnetic resonant WPT control method with high misalignment tolerance is proposed here. First, based on the general mutual model, the complex ratio transformer model is established. This model gives an intuitive physical picture in power transmission process and frequency splitting phenomenon. Second, approximately constant voltage gain at frequency splitting point in a wide range of misalignment is analysed. Considering this frequency splitting characteristics of Magnetic resonant WPT, the maximum peak point tracking control methods for wide misalignment, maintaining constant output power is proposed. Finally, the corresponding simulation and experimental validation is given, demonstrating the feasibility of the control method. When the misalignment reached 40%, the fluctuation of the output voltage will be <4%, the DC–DC transmission efficiency will be enhanced to 80%.
Detection of weak monocycle sinusoidal signals with a low constant false alarm rate based on the support vector machine
Authors: Tan Bo , Guo Jingbo , Chang Guang
Published: January 2019

The detection of weak monocycle sinusoidal signals is the abstract problem of the weak transient signal detection in many engineering applications. A low constant false alarm rate is often required on some occasions with serious false alarm consequences, such as the relay protection and the weapon trigger. The weak monocycle sinusoidal signal means a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), only one sinusoidal period, and an unknown initial phase. The support vector machine (SVM) is applied to detect the weak monocycle sinusoidal signal. The false alarm performance of the built SVM is attractive. The characteristics of the built SVM in white Gaussian noise are as follows. Firstly, the probability of false alarm is 0 and the probability of detection is 1 when the SNR is over −11 dB. Secondly, different unknown initial phases cannot influence the performance. Thirdly, the probability of false alarm is always 0, when the SNR is over −25 dB. Furthermore, the experimental results show that this method is also effective in coloured noise. When the SNR of coloured noise is −0.28 dB, the weak monocycle sinusoidal signal can be detected. When the SNR of coloured noise is over −60 dB, the probability of false alarm is always 0.
Reliability study on DC‐link capacitor in fault states of VSI in elective vehicle
Authors: Yao Fang , Wang Bing , Li Zhi‐gang , Peng Yalan
Published: January 2019

DC‐input side of the inverter to balance input and output power, eliminate voltage fluctuation, and reduce the voltage spike in the input side. The reliability study on DC‐link capacitor under fault state is critical to the safe operation of the whole driving system. This study builds the equivalent circuit of voltage source inverter (VSI) with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy and analyses the current characteristic of DC‐link capacitance in normal operation state. The current characteristics of DC‐link capacitor under main Insulation Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) open‐circuit fault states are analyzed and the characteristic differences from those in normal operation state are explored. Further, a fault identification method is developed. A simplified MATLAB model of EV driving system based on the VSI is established to simulate its time‐domain characteristics and spectrum characteristics of DC‐link capacitive current under normal operation and various fault conditions. The correctness of theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of fault identification is verified. The current spectrum characteristics of DC‐link capacitance under normal operation condition are used to guide the optimal design of DC‐link capacitor bank. Fault identification based on DC‐link capacitor current characteristics is used to guide the fault‐tolerant operation plan.
Study on voltage distribution characteristic of a 363 kV fast multi‐break vacuum circuit breaker
Authors: Shaogui Ai , Xiao Yu , Yongning Huang , Fan Yang , Yiping Fan , Xing Li
Published: January 2019

Vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) has a longer life and shorter opening time than SF6 circuit breaker, but current single‐break VCB cannot be applied in high‐voltage power system directly. Here, a fast 363 kV multi‐break VCB design is presented and its voltage distribution characteristic and stray capacitors are analysed. A three‐dimensional finite‐element model of modularised hexa‐break VCB composed of 12 vacuum interrupter modules installed on three series connected platforms is developed to calculate the voltage distribution and distributed capacitances. The result shows that the voltage distribution is uneven, and the first break shares the 67.974% of the whole applied voltage. On account of distributed capacitances parameters, an equivalent capacitance model with PSCAD is built to discuss the voltage distribution characteristic at different grading capacitance values, and the optimal grading capacitance value is determined to 10 nF.