bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties at High Spatial Resolution: Hybrid Approach and Demonstration Using Sentinel‐5p/TROPOMI and PRISMA
Authors: Chen Cheng , Litvinov Pavel , Dubovik Oleg , Fuertes David , Matar Christian , Miglietta Franco , Pepe Monica , Genesio Lorenzo , Busetto Lorenzo , Bindreiter Lukas , Lanzinger Verena , de Graaf Martin , Tilstra Gijsbert , Stammes Piet , Retscher Christian
Published: August 2024

Satellite remote sensing of aerosol is largely conducted at moderate or coarse spatial resolution around 1–10 km. Nevertheless, at urban areas with high human activity, aerosol can originate from complex emission sources and may also vary strongly in space. Therefore, aerosol characterization at fine spatial resolution is essential for air quality study and assessment of anthropogenic pollution as well as climate effects. However, space‐borne instruments with high spatial resolution are usually limited in swath width or spectral coverage which result in lowering information content required for aerosol and surface retrieval. Based on the Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties (GRASP) algorithm, we propose a hybrid approach by combining fine and coarse spatial resolution measurements to retrieve aerosol and surface properties simulataneously at fine spatial resolution. The instruments with coarse spatial resolution and high revisting time can provide advanced aerosol characterization. At the same time, the instruments with fine spatial resolution are sensitive to spatial variability of aerosol nearby sources. In this study, the GRASP/Hybrid approach is demonstrated and tested based on the European Space Agency Sentinel‐5p/TROPOMI together with the Italian Space Agency PRISMA satellite data. Specifically, the detailed aerosol microphysical properties from Sentinel‐5p/TROPOMI 10 km retrievals are used as a priori information for PRISMA to derive aerosol loading and surface properties at 100 meter (m) spatial resolution. The PRISMA 100 m aerosol and surface retrieval based on the developed GRASP/Hybrid approach are evaluated using available ground‐based and satellite measurements, including AERONET, VIIRS/DB aerosol and PRISMA Level 2 surface reflectance products.
An Eigenvalue‐Based Framework for Constraining Anisotropic Eddy Viscosity
Authors: Bachman Scott D.
Published: August 2024

Eddy viscosity is employed throughout the majority of numerical fluid dynamical models, and has been the subject of a vigorous body of research spanning a variety of disciplines. It has long been recognized that the proper description of eddy viscosity uses tensor mathematics, but in practice it is almost always employed as a scalar due to uncertainty about how to constrain the extra degrees of freedom and physical properties of its tensorial form. This manuscript borrows techniques from outside the realm of geophysical fluid dynamics to consider the eddy viscosity tensor using its eigenvalues and eigenvectors, establishing a new framework by which tensorial eddy viscosity can be tested. This is made possible by a careful analysis of an operation called tensor unrolling, which casts the eigenvalue problem for a fourth‐order tensor into a more familiar matrix‐vector form, whereby it becomes far easier to understand and manipulate. New constraints are established for the eddy viscosity coefficients that are guaranteed to result in energy dissipation, backscatter, or a combination of both. Finally, a testing protocol is developed by which tensorial eddy viscosity can be systematically evaluated across a wide range of fluid regimes.
Normalization of Snai1-mediated vessel dysfunction increases drug response in cancer
Authors: Hoffmann Helene , Wartenberg Martin , Vorlova Sandra , Karl-Schöller Franziska , Kallius Matthias , Reinhardt Oliver , Öztürk Asli , Schuhmair Leah S. , Burkhardt Verena , Gätzner Sabine , Scheld Daniela , Nandigama Rajender , Zernecke Alma , Herterich Sabine , Ergün Süleyman , Rosenwald Andreas , Henke Erik
Published: August 2024

Blood vessels in tumors are often dysfunctional. This impairs the delivery of therapeutic agents to and distribution among the cancer cells. Subsequently, treatment efficacy is reduced, and dose escalation can increase adverse effects on non-malignant tissues. The dysfunctional vessel phenotypes are attributed to aberrant pro-angiogenic signaling, and anti-angiogenic agents can ameliorate traits of vessel dysfunctionality. However, they simultaneously reduce vessel density and thereby impede drug delivery and distribution. Exploring possibilities to improve vessel functionality without compromising vessel density in the tumor microenvironment, we evaluated transcription factors (TFs) involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as potential targets. Based on similarities between EMT and angiogenic activation of endothelial cells, we hypothesized that these TFs, Snai1 in particular, might serve as key regulators of vessel dysfunctionality. In vitro, experiments demonstrated that Snai1 (similarly Slug and Twist1) regulates endothelial permeability, permissiveness for tumor cell transmigration, and tip/stalk cell formation. Endothelial-specific, heterozygous knock-down of Snai1 in mice improved vascular quality in implanted tumors. This resulted in better oxygenation and reduced metastasis. Notably, the tumors in Snai1KD mice responded significantly better to chemotherapeutics as drugs were transported into the tumors at strongly increased rates and more homogeneously distributed. Thus, we demonstrate that restoring vessel homeostasis without affecting vessel density is feasible in malignant tumors. Combining such vessel re-engineering with anti-cancer drugs allows for strategic treatment approaches that reduce treatment toxicity on non-malignant tissues.
Distinct mitochondrial respiration profiles in pediatric patients with febrile illness versus sepsis
Authors: Sartori Laura F. , Tsemberis Elena , Hernandez Tyne , Luchette Katherine , Zhang Donglan , Farooqi Sumera , Bush Jenny , McCann John C. , Balamuth Fran , Weiss Scott L.
Published: August 2024

Objective

Mitochondrial dysfunction, linked to sepsis-related organ failure, is unknown in febrile illness.

Methods

Prospective study of children in an Emergency Department (ED) with febrile illness or without infection (ED controls); secondary analysis of ICU patients with sepsis or without infection (ICU controls). Mitochondrial oxygen consumption measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using respirometry, with primary outcome of spare respiratory capacity (SRC). Mitochondrial content measured as citrate synthase (CS: febrile illness and ED controls) and mitochondrial to nuclear DNA ratio (mtDNA:nDNA: all groups).

Results

SRC was lower in febrile illness (6.7 ± 3.0 pmol/sec/106 cells) and sepsis (5.7 ± 4.7) than ED/PICU controls (8.5 ± 3.7; both p < 0.05), but not different between febrile illness and sepsis (p = 0.26). Low SRC was driven by increased basal respiration in febrile illness and decreased maximal uncoupled respiration in sepsis. Differences were no longer significant after adjustment for patient demographics. Febrile illness demonstrated lower CS activity than ED controls (p = 0.07) and lower mtDNA:nDNA than both ED/PICU controls and sepsis (both p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Mitochondrial SRC was reduced in both febrile illness and sepsis, but due to distinct mitochondrial profiles and impacted by demographics. Further work is needed to determine if mitochondrial profiles could differentiate febrile illness from early sepsis.

Impact statement

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to organ failure in sepsis, but whether mitochondrial alterations are evident in febrile illness without sepsis is unknown.

In our study, while mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity (SRC), an index of cellular bioenergetic reserve under stress, was reduced in children with both febrile illness and sepsis compared to children without infections, low SRC was driven by increased basal respiration in febrile illness compared with decreased maximal uncoupled respiration in sepsis.

Additional research is needed to understand if distinct mitochondrial profiles could be used to differentiate febrile illness from early sepsis in children.
Intrinsic negative magnetoresistance from the chiral anomaly of multifold fermions
Authors: Balduini Federico , Molinari Alan , Rocchino Lorenzo , Hasse Vicky , Felser Claudia , Sousa Marilyne , Zota Cezar , Schmid Heinz , Grushin Adolfo G. , Gotsmann Bernd
Published: August 2024

The chiral anomaly - a hallmark of chiral spin-1/2 Weyl fermions - is an imbalance between left- and right-moving particles that underpins phenomena such as particle decay and negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in Weyl semimetals. The discovery that chiral crystals can host higher-spin generalizations of Weyl quasiparticles without high-energy counterparts, known as multifold fermions, raises the fundamental question of whether the chiral anomaly is a more general phenomenon. Answering this question requires materials with chiral quasiparticles within a sizable energy window around the Fermi level that are unaffected by extrinsic effects such as current jetting. Here, we report the chiral anomaly of multifold fermions in CoSi, which features multifold bands within ~0.85 eV of the Fermi level. By excluding current jetting through the squeezing test, we measure an intrinsic, longitudinal negative magnetoresistance. We develop a semiclassical theory to show that the negative magnetoresistance originates in the chiral anomaly, despite a sizable and detrimental orbital magnetic moment contribution. A concomitant non-linear Hall effect supports the multifold-fermion origin of the magnetotransport. Our work confirms the chiral anomaly of higher-spin generalizations of Weyl fermions, currently inaccessible outside solid-state platforms.
PatCID: an open-access dataset of chemical structures in patent documents
Authors: Morin Lucas , Weber Valéry , Meijer Gerhard Ingmar , Yu Fisher , Staar Peter W. J.
Published: August 2024

The automatic analysis of patent publications has potential to accelerate research across various domains, including drug discovery and material science. Within patent documents, crucial information often resides in visual depictions of molecule structures. PatCID (Patent-extracted Chemical-structure Images database for Discovery) allows to access such information at scale. It enables users to search which molecules are displayed in which documents. PatCID contains 81M chemical-structure images and 14M unique chemical structures. Here, we compare PatCID with state-of-the-art chemical patent-databases. On a random set, PatCID retrieves 56.0% of molecules, which is higher than automatically-created databases, Google Patents (41.5%) and SureChEMBL (23.5%), as well as manually-created databases, Reaxys (53.5%) and SciFinder (49.5%). Leveraging state-of-the-art methods of document understanding, PatCID high-quality data outperforms currently available automatically-generated patent-databases. PatCID even competes with proprietary manually-created patent-databases. This enables promising applications for automatic literature review and learning-based molecular generation methods. The dataset is freely accessible for download.
Structural basis for VLDLR recognition by eastern equine encephalitis virus
Authors: Yang Pan , Li Wanyu , Fan Xiaoyi , Pan Junhua , Mann Colin J. , Varnum Haley , Clark Lars E. , Clark Sarah A. , Coscia Adrian , Basu Himanish , Smith Katherine Nabel , Brusic Vesna , Abraham Jonathan
Published: August 2024

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is the most virulent alphavirus that infects humans, and many survivors develop neurological sequelae, including paralysis and intellectual disability. Alphavirus spike proteins comprise trimers of heterodimers of glycoproteins E2 and E1 that mediate binding to cellular receptors and fusion of virus and host cell membranes during entry. We recently identified very-low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) as cellular receptors for EEEV and a distantly related alphavirus, Semliki Forest virus (SFV). Here, we use single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine structures of the EEEV and SFV spike glycoproteins bound to the VLDLR ligand-binding domain and found that EEEV and SFV interact with the same cellular receptor through divergent binding modes. Our studies suggest that the ability of LDLR-related proteins to interact with viral spike proteins through very small footprints with flexible binding modes results in a low evolutionary barrier to the acquisition of LDLR-related proteins as cellular receptors for diverse sets of viruses.
Nonlocal meta-lens with Huygens’ bound states in the continuum
Authors: Yao Jin , Lai Fangxing , Fan Yubin , Wang Yuhan , Huang Shih-Hsiu , Leng Borui , Liang Yao , Lin Rong , Chen Shufan , Chen Mu Ku , Wu Pin Chieh , Xiao Shumin , Tsai Din Ping
Published: August 2024

Meta-lenses composed of artificial meta-atoms have stimulated substantial interest due to their compact and flexible wavefront shaping capabilities, outperforming bulk optical devices. The operating bandwidth is a critical factor determining the meta-lens’ performance across various wavelengths. Meta-lenses that operate in a narrowband manner relying on nonlocal effects can effectively reduce disturbance and crosstalk from non-resonant wavelengths, making them well-suitable for specialized applications such as nonlinear generation and augmented reality/virtual reality display. However, nonlocal meta-lenses require striking a balance between local phase manipulation and nonlocal resonance excitation, which involves trade-offs among factors like quality-factor, efficiency, manipulation dimensions, and footprint. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the nonlocal meta-lens featuring Huygens’ bound states in the continuum (BICs) and its near-infrared imaging application. All-dielectric integrated-resonant unit is particularly optimized to efficiently induce both the quasi-BIC and generalized Kerker effect, while ensuring the rotation-angle robustness for generating geometric phase. The experimental results show that the single-layer nonlocal Huygens’ meta-lens possesses a high quality-factor of 104 and achieves a transmission polarization conversion efficiency of 55%, exceeding the theoretical limit of 25%. The wavelength-selective two-dimensional focusing and imaging are demonstrated as well. This work will pave the way for efficient nonlocal wavefront shaping and meta-devices.
Longitudinal study on the multifactorial public health risks associated with sewage reclamation
Authors: Girón-Guzmán Inés , Sánchez-Alberola Santiago , Cuevas-Ferrando Enric , Falcó Irene , Díaz-Reolid Azahara , Puchades-Colera Pablo , Ballesteros Sandra , Pérez-Cataluña Alba , Coll José María , Núñez Eugenia , Fabra María José , López-Rubio Amparo , Sánchez Gloria
Published: August 2024

This year-long research analyzed emerging risks in influent, effluent wastewaters and biosolids from six wastewater treatment plants in Spain’s Valencian Region. Specifically, it focused on human enteric and respiratory viruses, bacterial and viral faecal contamination indicators, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli, and antibiotic-resistance genes. Additionally, particles and microplastics in biosolid and wastewater samples were assessed. Human enteric viruses were prevalent in influent wastewater, with limited post-treatment reduction. Wastewater treatment effectively eliminated respiratory viruses, except for low levels of SARS-CoV-2 in effluent and biosolid samples, suggesting minimal public health risk. Antibiotic resistance genes and microplastics were persistently found in effluent and biosolids, thus indicating treatment inefficiencies and potential environmental dissemination. This multifaced research sheds light on diverse contaminants present after water reclamation, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health in wastewater management. It underscores the need for a One Health approach to address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Rethinking fish-friendliness of pumps by shifting focus to both safe and timely fish passage for effective conservation
Authors: Evans Oliver J. , Norman Josh , Carter Liam J. , Hutchinson Thomas , Don Andrew , Wright Rosalind M. , Tuhtan Jeffrey A. , Toming Gert , Bolland Jonathan D.
Published: August 2024

Globally, catadromous freshwater eels of the genus Anguilla are of conservation concern, including critically endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Pumping stations that move river water to a higher elevation severely impact eels during their seaward spawning migration. Fish-friendly pumps can mitigate fish injury and mortality but here we uniquely rethink a fish-friendly pump as a fish passage solution. In this pluriannual study, the seasonal timing of pump operation was misaligned with the typical silver eel migration period. Eels were almost exclusively nocturnal but night-time pumping represented as little as 5.6% a year. Night-time eel approaches were primarily influenced by pump duration and temperature, but did not align with lunar phase, unlike in unregulated rivers. After reaching the pumping station, eel passage was influenced by weedscreen aperture and increased when the aperture was increased. Passive sensor collision suggested non-pump infrastructure could cause injury and mortality to eels. It is therefore recommended pump operation should align with the timing of silver eel migration, weedscreen and pump entrance efficiencies should be maximised, and non-pump infrastructure must have low fish injury risk. Ultimately, considering the entire structure a fish passage solution will help ensure fish-friendly pumps have high conservation value for anguillid eels globally.
Emergence of polar skyrmions in 2D Janus CrInX3 (X=Se, Te) magnets
Authors: Zhou Fengyi , Shaikh Monirul , Sun Weiwei , Chen Feng , Chen Xin , Li Shu , Tong Henry , Sanyal Biplab , Wang Duo
Published: August 2024

In the realm of multiferroicity in 2D magnets, whether magnetic and polar skyrmions can coexist within a single topological entity has emerged as an important question. Here, we study Janus 2D magnets CrInX3 (X=Se, Te) for a comprehensive investigation of the magnetic ground state, magnetic excited state, and corresponding ferroelectric polarization by first-principles electronic structure calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Specifically, we have thoroughly elucidated the magnetic exchange mechanisms, and have fully exemplified the magnetic field dependence of the magnon spectrum. More importantly, our study reveals a previously unrecognized, remarkably large spin-spiral-induced ferroelectric polarization (up to 194.9 μC/m2) in both compounds. We propose an approach to identify polar skyrmions within magnetic skyrmions, based on the observed direct correlation between spin texture and polarization density. Elucidating this correlation not only deepens our understanding of magnetic skyrmions but also paves the way for innovative research in the realm of multiferroic skyrmions.
Robotic scrub nurse to anticipate surgical instruments based on real-time laparoscopic video analysis
Authors: Wagner Lars , Jourdan Sara , Mayer Leon , Müller Carolin , Bernhard Lukas , Kolb Sven , Harb Farid , Jell Alissa , Berlet Maximilian , Feussner Hubertus , Buxmann Peter , Knoll Alois , Wilhelm Dirk
Published: August 2024

Background

Machine learning and robotics technologies are increasingly being used in the healthcare domain to improve the quality and efficiency of surgeries and to address challenges such as staff shortages. Robotic scrub nurses in particular offer great potential to address staff shortages by assuming nursing tasks such as the handover of surgical instruments.

Methods

We introduce a robotic scrub nurse system designed to enhance the quality of surgeries and efficiency of surgical workflows by predicting and delivering the required surgical instruments based on real-time laparoscopic video analysis. We propose a three-stage deep learning architecture consisting of a single frame-, temporal multi frame-, and informed model to anticipate surgical instruments. The anticipation model was trained on a total of 62 laparoscopic cholecystectomies.

Results

Here, we show that our prediction system can accurately anticipate 71.54% of the surgical instruments required during laparoscopic cholecystectomies in advance, facilitating a smoother surgical workflow and reducing the need for verbal communication. As the instruments in the left working trocar are changed less frequently and according to a standardized procedure, the prediction system works particularly well for this trocar.

Conclusions

The robotic scrub nurse thus acts as a mind reader and helps to mitigate staff shortages by taking over a great share of the workload during surgeries while additionally enabling an enhanced process standardization.
Embodied carbon saving potential of using recycled materials as cement substitute in Singapore’s buildings
Authors: Zhang Zheyuan , Lei Ying , Liew J. Y. Richard , Liu Mi , Wong Gloria , Du Hongjian
Published: August 2024

Material production and construction activities are key contributors to global carbon footprints, necessitating sustainable alternatives. This study aims to investigate the potential of integrating recycled materials as Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) in concrete production to mitigate the substantial carbon emissions of Singapore’s building and construction sector. The research focuses on Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBFS), waste glass powder, and calcined marine clay as alternative SCMs, aiming to reduce environmental impact and waste disposal emissions in Singapore. Employing a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology for 1 m3 of concrete with different grades, this study quantifies embodied carbon savings and assesses the feasibility of substituting these SCMs in concrete. The results reveal that substituting Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with GGBFS in concrete offers the most significant reduction, up to 56%, in 1 m3 of concrete. In contrast, the use of calcined marine clay and glass powder in concrete results in reductions of up to 21% and 16%, respectively. Two case studies were used to exemplify the impact of using SCM concrete at the project scale. Results indicate that up to 31% of the total embodied carbon could be saved in the building. Additionally, scenario analysis suggests that the total emissions from cementitious materials in Singapore could decrease by 20% through the incorporation of locally recycled marine clay and glass powder. This reduction could potentially reach 56% if the GGBFS supply is not constrained. To further enhance sustainability in Singapore’s construction sector, the study proposes sourcing GGBFS from neighboring countries to minimize transportation emissions and localizing the production and usage of calcined marine clay and glass powder. These measures can improve material circularity and significantly contribute to achieving carbon reduction targets.
In vivo redox imaging of plasma-induced skin-inflammation in mice
Authors: Badr Yassien , Elhelaly Abdelazim Elsayed , Hyodo Fuminori , Ichihashi Koki , Tomita Hiroyuki , Noda Yoshifumi , Kato Hiroki , Matsuo Masayuki
Published: August 2024

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induce biological effects on living cells. CAP has potential applications in medicine, but its highly reactive nature can lead to adverse skin complications. A noninvasive technique to examine redox changes in skin is needed for monitoring the treatment process. This study was conducted to develop a skin-inflammation model triggered by CAP-derived ROS and to monitor its progression noninvasively by in vivo dynamic nuclear polarization-MRI (DNP-MRI). The model was successfully developed by exposing the skin to both direct and remote modes of CAP. In vivo DNP-MRI imaging revealed faster reduction rates of TEMPOL in plasma-irradiated skin-inflammation areas, particularly in the remote mode plasma-irradiated skin. MRI revealed high-intensity areas in both the superficial and deep layers of the plasma-irradiated skin. The study highlights the potential importance of DNP-MRI in imaging skin-inflammation models and could improve the use of CAP in medical treatments.
Current-driven dynamics of antiferromagnetic skyrmions: from skyrmion Hall effects to hybrid inter-skyrmion scattering
Authors: Aldarawsheh Amal , Sallermann Moritz , Abusaa Muayad , Lounis Samir
Published: August 2024

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) skyrmions have emerged as a highly promising avenue in the realm of spintronics, particularly for the development of advanced racetrack memory devices. A distinguishing feature of AFM skyrmions is the cancellation of their net topological charge, leading to an anticipated absence of the skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE). Here, we unveil that the latter is finite under the influence of spin-transfer torque, depending on the direction of the injected current impinging on intrinsic AFM skyrmions emerging in Cr/Pd/Fe trilayer on Ir(111) surface. Hinging on first principles combined with atomistic spin dynamics simulations, we identify the origin of the SkHE, which is due to the ellipticity of the skyrmions, and we uncover that FM skyrmions in the underlying Fe layer act as effective traps for AFM skyrmions, confining them and affecting their velocity. These findings hold significant promise for spintronic applications, the design of multi-purpose skyrmion tracks while advancing our understanding of AFM–FM skyrmion interactions and hybrid soliton dynamics in heterostructures.
Microbial Bioremediation of Petroleum Contamination in the Niger Delta: Assessing the Role of Indigenous Microbial Communities and Potential for Sustainable Restoration
Authors: Orikpete Ochuko Felix , Ewim Daniel Raphael Ejike
Published: August 2024

This chapter addresses the growing petroleum contamination in Nigeria’s Niger Delta, a consequence of prolonged oil and gas activities. These have harmed the environment, local biodiversity, and public health. Microbial bioremediation, especially using indigenous microbes, stands out as an eco-friendly solution for restoring the environment. We studied the magnitude and consequences of this contamination, detailing its environmental, health, and ecological effects. We then discussed microbial bioremediation, underlining the pivotal role of native microbial communities in neutralising petroleum pollutants. Through global case studies, we spotlighted successful bioremediation efforts and potential takeaways for the Niger Delta. We delved into applicable technologies and methods, from conventional to avant-garde techniques backed by multiomics data. Yet, applying these techniques faces hurdles. We outlined technological, economic, policy, and socio-cultural barriers to bioremediation’s broad acceptance in the Niger Delta. Future directions advocate sustainable restoration strategies, emphasising the joint responsibility of multiple stakeholders. Given the severity of environmental threats, further bioremediation research is vital. Ultimately, this chapter champions microbial bioremediation’s potential for sustainable environmental stewardship in the Niger Delta, enriching the broader dialogue on its environmental application.
Bioremediation of Petroleum Contamination by Microorganisms: Role of Microbial Communities and Applications
Authors: Amini Fatemeh , Giyahchi Minoo , Moghimi Hamid
Published: August 2024

Petroleum is the major source of energy in different industries and the most frequent contaminant of the environment. As a solution, physicochemical treatments do not have as much interest as before due to harmful consequences and the high cost of the action, which is the reason to turn to better alternatives. Bioremediation is a green technology that uses a wide range of indigenous or exogenous microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, or microbial consortiums, that, based on their enzymatic profile and metabolic capabilities, could be potential candidates for petroleum pollution detoxification through two main approaches: in situ and ex situ bioremediation. Biostimulation and bioaugmentation are examples of in situ approaches, while landfarming and composting are classified as ex situ approaches. Bioremediation, as a bio-based method, is affected by biological and environmental factors, e.g. competition between microorganisms, pH, temperature, concentration of oxygen, and salinity of the contaminated areas. Understanding these factors is a key step to optimizing microbial growth and choosing a proper bio-based method as a cost-effective and safe solution. This chapter discusses bioremediation as one of the promising methods for eliminating petroleum contamination.
Nanobioremediation: A Promising Approach for Sustainable Development
Authors: Chen Lin , Lai I-Ling , Shyu Douglas J. H.
Published: August 2024

Various harmful substances cause environmental pollution, leading to groundwater, ocean, soil, and air pollution, which has become severe due to industrial development. Environmental restoration methods conventionally include physical, chemical, and biological methods, but these may not be a green and environmentally friendly approach. Due to their efficient adsorptive properties, nanomaterials help remove harmful substances such as chemical dyes, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and other industrial wastes harmful to the environment. Nanobioremediation, nanobiological restoration, is an emerging biological method for decomposition, absorption, filtration, leaching, mineralization, accumulation, and transformation of detrimental substances in the environment. The utilization of green synthetic nanomaterials can also reduce the environmental burden, which is a potential and promising method for environmental restoration to achieve the goals of ecological conservation and sustainable development.
Nano-bioremediation and Multi-omics: Pioneering Sustainable Strategies for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Yadav Nikita , Kanwar Parveen , Paliya Sonam , Mandpe Ashootosh
Published: August 2024

Nano-bioremediation emerges as a promising approach for sustainable development, seamlessly combining nanotechnology and bioremediation techniques to tackle environmental pollution and restore contaminated sites. This innovative strategy utilises nanomaterials to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of traditional bioremediation methods. The unique properties of nanomaterials, including their increased reactivity and high surface area-to-volume ratio, facilitate faster degradation rates and a broader range of pollutant removal, including organic compounds, heavy metals, and emerging contaminants. Nanoparticles, such as zero-valent iron (ZVI) and carbon nanotubes, serve as carriers and catalysts for pollutant degradation, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of bioremediation processes. Also, by integrating multiple “omics” disciplines such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics, this approach offers a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between nanomaterials, microorganisms, and pollutants in environmental remediation. It enables researchers to unravel the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the biodegradation and transformation of contaminants, leading to more efficient and targeted strategies for remediation. Furthermore, nanotechnology facilitates the treatment of contaminated sites by minimising the environmental impact, offers potential for in situ remediation, and aligns with the principles of sustainable development by promoting natural microbial processes. With continued research and responsible implementation, nano-bioremediation holds immense potential for addressing environmental challenges and fostering a more sustainable future.
Adrenodoxin allosterically alters human cytochrome P450 11B enzymes to accelerate substrate binding and decelerate release
Authors: Loomis Cara L. , Im Sang-Choul , Scott Emily E.
Published: August 2024

Adrenodoxin binding allosterically modulates substrate binding to steroidogenic CYP11B enzymes.
Boosting smartphone-assisted on-site monitoring capacity for nitroxynil using synergistic fluorescent sensing system
Authors: Li Na , Charles Immanuel David , Deng Weihua , Lv Taoyuze , Xu Zhongyong , Wang Lei , Liu Bin
Published: August 2024

A novel ratiometric analytical method based on a quantum dot (QD)-integrated supramolecular sensing system successfully achieves the portable on-site detection of nitroxynil.
Organocatalytic enantioselective construction of Si-stereocenters: recent advances and perspectives
Authors: Ye Zhong-Tian , Wu Zhong-Wei , Zhang Xue-Xin , Zhou Jian , Yu Jin-Sheng
Published: August 2024

This Tutorial Review discusses the evolution and expectation of enantioselective construction of Si-stereocenters by asymmetric organocatalysis.
Investigation of titanium(iv)-oxo complexes stabilized with α-hydroxy carboxylate ligands: structural analysis and DFT studies
Authors: Kubiak Barbara , Muzioł Tadeusz , Jabłoński Mirosław , Radtke Aleksandra , Piszczek Piotr
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the findings on the structures and physicochemical properties of titanium-oxo complexes (TOCs) stabilized by 9-hydroxy-9-fluorenecarboxylate ligands.
Structure and phase changes of alumina produced by flame hydrolysis
Authors: Nasir Jamal , Schmidt Franz , Menzel Frank , Schmedt auf der Günne Jörn
Published: August 2024

Fumed alumina from the combustion of AlCl3 produced nano particles with specific areas from 30 to 220 m2 g−1 (BET) which were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, 27Al solid-state NMR and transmission electron microscopy.
Recent advances in Bi3+-activated narrow-band emitting phosphors for backlight display applications
Authors: Ding Jianyan , Wu Quansheng
Published: August 2024

The development of novel narrow-band emitting phosphors with high efficiency and stability is of great significance for WLED backlights.
Bis-[C(sp3)-chelating] Ti2 catalysts supported by arylene-1,4-diyl-2,3-X2 bridges for olefin copolymerisation: X substituents impose conformational cooperative effects
Authors: Li Yufang , Bao Junhui , Liu Qian , Tse Man-Kit , Chan Michael C. W.
Published: August 2024

As indicated by ROESY NMR experiments, the title catalyst (X2 = –C4H4–) favours conformations with proximal, syn-Ti2 sites, which engender cooperative reactivity.
Decoupling light- and oxygen-induced degradation mechanisms of Sn–Pb perovskites in all perovskite tandem solar cells
Authors: Bai Yang , Tian Ruijia , Sun Kexuan , Liu Chang , Lang Xiting , Yang Ming , Meng Yuanyuan , Xiao Chuanxiao , Wang Yaohua , Lu Xiaoyi , Wang Jingnan , Pan Haibin , Song Zhenhua , Zhou Shujing , Ge Ziyi
Published: August 2024

This study showed PEHCl-CN can enhance the strength of Sn–I, resulting in good light stability. The subsequent doping of MBI resulted in good air stability. This enables the integrated 2T all-perovskite device to achieve an efficiency of 27.9%.
Inspired by lubricin: a tailored cartilage-armor with durable lubricity and autophagy-activated antioxidation for targeted therapy of osteoarthritis
Authors: Yu Peng , Peng Xu , Sun Hui , Xin Qiangwei , Kang Han , Wang Peng , Zhao Yao , Xu Xinyuan , Zhou Guangwu , Xie Jing , Li Jianshu
Published: August 2024

By mimicking natural lubricin, a tailored polyzwitterionic armor, which exhibited cartilage targeting, anti-degradation and anti-oxidation and chondrogenesis properties, was designed for drug-free osteoarthritis therapy.
Modular 3D printed flow system for efficient one-step synthesis of phenyl-functionalised silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: du Preez Andrea , Strydom André M. , Ndinteh Derek T. , Smit Elize
Published: August 2024

Laminar flow regimes in 3D-printed reactors allow for the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles as well as subsequent coating and functionalisation with silica and phenyl, respectively.
Electrochemical detection of tumor cells based on proximity labelling-assisted multiple signal amplification
Authors: Zhou Guozhang , Zhou Fei , Yu Xiaomeng , Zhou Daiyuan , Wang Jiaqi , Bo Bing , Cao Ya , Zhao Jing
Published: August 2024

An electrochemical sensing method is developed based on proximity labeling-assisted multiple signal amplification technique. This method enables highly sensitive, selective and stable detection of MUC-1 positive tumor cells.
Electroosmotic flow modulation and dispersion of uncharged solutes in soft nanochannel
Authors: Saha Biswadip , Chowdhury Sourav , Sarkar Sankar , Gopmandal Partha P.
Published: August 2024

We perform a systematic study on the modulation of electroosmotic flow, tuning selectivity of electrolyte ions and hydrodynamic dispersion of the solute band across the soft nanochannel.
Ultrahigh toughness of stretchable ratiometric mechanofluorescent polyurethane elastomers enhanced by dual slide-ring motion of polyrotaxane cross-linkers and daisy chain backbones
Authors: Cuc Tu Thi Kim , Tso Yun-Chen , Wu Ting-Chi , Nhien Pham Quoc , Khang Trang Manh , Hue Bui Thi Buu , Chuang Wei-Tsung , Lin Hong-Cheu
Published: August 2024

Mechanofluorophoric polyurethane elastomers containing dual slide-ring motion of daisy chain backbones and polyrotaxane crosslinkers are created, which show noble mechanical features and ratiometric mechanofluorescent responses under tensile forces.
The evolution of the Md–M⋆ and Ṁ–M⋆ correlations traces protoplanetary disc dispersal
Authors: Somigliana Alice , Testi Leonardo , Rosotti Giovanni , Toci Claudia , Lodato Giuseppe , Anania Rossella , Tabone Benoît , Tazzari Marco , Klessen Ralf , Lebreuilly Ugo , Hennebelle Patrick , Molinari Sergo
Published: August 2024

Observational surveys of entire star-forming regions have provided evidence of power-law correlations between the disc-integrated properties and the stellar mass, especially the disc mass (Md ∝ M* λm) and the accretion rate (Ṁ ∝ M* λacc). Whether the secular disc evolution affects said correlations is still a matter of debate: while the purely viscous scenario has been investigated, other evolutionary mechanisms could have a different impact. In this paper, we study the time evolution of the slopes λm and λacc in the wind-driven and viscous-wind hybrid case and compare it to the purely viscous prediction. We use a combination of analytical calculations, where possible, and numerical simulations performed with the 1D population synthesis code Diskpop, which we also present and release to the community. Assuming (Md(0) ∝ M* λm,0) and (Ṁ(0) ∝ M* λacc,0) as initial conditions, we find that viscous and hybrid accretion preserve the power-law shape of the correlations, while evolving their slope; on the other hand, magneto-hydrodynamic winds change the shape of the correlations, bending them in the higher or lower end of the stellar mass spectrum depending on the scaling of the accretion timescale with the stellar mass. However, we show how a spread in the initial conditions conceals this behaviour, leading to power-law correlations with evolving slopes as in the viscous and hybrid case. We analyse the impact of disc dispersal, intrinsic in the wind model and due to internal photoevaporation in the viscous case: we find that the currently available sample sizes (~30 discs at 5 Myr) introduce stochastic oscillations in the slopes’ evolution, which dominate over the physical signatures. We show that we could mitigate this issue by increasing the sample size: with ~140 discs at 5 Myr, corresponding to the complete Upper Sco sample, we would obtain small enough error bars to use the evolution of the slopes as a proxy for the driving mechanism of disc evolution. Finally, from our theoretical arguments, we discuss how the observational claim of steepening slopes necessarily leads to an initially steeper Md–M* correlation with respect to Ṁ–M*.
MeerKAT reveals a ghostly thermal radio ring towards the Galactic Centre
Authors: Bordiu C. , Filipović M. D. , Umana G. , Cotton W. D. , Buemi C. , Bufano F. , Camilo F. , Cavallaro F. , Cerrigone L. , Dai S. , Hopkins A. M. , Ingallinera A. , Jarrett T. , Koribalski B. , Lazarević S. , Leto P. , Loru S. , Lundqvist P. , Mackey J. , Norris R. P. , Payne J. , Rowell G. , Riggi S. , Rizzo J. R. , Ruggeri A. C. , Shabala S. , Smeaton Z. J. , Trigilio C. , Velović V.
Published: August 2024

We present the serendipitous discovery of a new radio-continuum ring-like object nicknamed Kýklos (J1802–3353), with MeerKAT UHF and L-band observations. The radio ring, which resembles the recently discovered odd radio circles (ORCs), has a diameter of ∼80″ and is located just ∼6° from the Galactic plane. However, Kýklos exhibits an atypical thermal radio-continuum spectrum (α = −0.1 ± 0.3), which led us to explore different possible formation scenarios. We concluded that a circumstellar shell around an evolved massive star, possibly a Wolf-Rayet, is the most convincing explanation with the present data.
Does green finance play an important role in sustainability? A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Suryantini Ni Putu Santi , Purnawati Ni Ketut , Dewi Ni Wayan Emmy Rosiana , Darmayanti Ni Putu Ayu , Candraningrat Ica Rika , Purnami Ni Made
Published: August 2024

Green finance is a new breakthrough that will help realize a sustainable green economy and development through new finance and policy instruments. However, the discussion regarding green finance has yet to be explored deeply, so it needs investigation in the future. This study aims to trace and show directional trends in developing green finance research and sustainability in the future. Using reviews and research articles, as many as 533 were taken from the Science Direct database over the past 10 years and analyzed with VOS Viewer. Search results show that green finance is crucial in realizing sustainability, with five main clusters showing potency development research and co-authorship. Practically, the results of studies guide the government as policyholders in realizing sustainability by providing a friendly program environment.
Investment opportunities in the energy efficiency of public buildings in Ukraine
Authors: Fedunyshyn Ivan , Sokil Oleh
Published: August 2024

The article examines the current issue of energy efficiency in public buildings of Ukraine in the context of global climate change trends and increasing attention to energy security. The article focuses on the existing energy-saving measures and highlights the most relevant ones. The authors conduct an analysis of investment opportunities, a selection of typical measures and develop a model of allocation of funds for energy- efficient measures in public buildings, in particular in schools. Special attention is paid to the importance of involving the public and the private sector in the energy efficiency process to achieve positive environmental and economic results. Measures with rapid payback periods should be financed through the Decarbonization Fund. This strategy not only generates additional funds for a revolving fund but also enhances financial resource management efficiency. Notably, utilizing funds from the Decarbonization Fund is 20% more cost-effective compared to ESCO contracts.
Marketing analysis of multimodal transportation dynamics in logistics infrastructure
Authors: Penev Nikolay , Shyriaieva Liudmyla , Legeza Darya , Merkulov Mykola , Honcharova Iryna
Published: August 2024

The basis of economic growth is the presence of a transport system that fully satisfies the needs of all participants in the economic process. The motivation for the study was that, against the backdrop of European integration processes, the transport systems of the EU countries and Ukraine began to quickly converge, which created the need to study potential innovations in the transport industry and identify the most problematic regions and modes of transport. There is also a constant increase in demand for multimodal transport, especially cross-border transport, and their implementation requires information on the current state of transport systems in countries involved in multimodal transport. Implementation of innovations is necessary to ensure multimodality. The study used statistics from 2012 to 2021, publicly available from Eurostat. Based on the study results, it is possible to determine in which countries the demand for innovation marketing is expected. That is, the study will be useful to specialists in developing and promoting innovations as an overview of the market of potential consumers of this service.
Laparoscopic Living donor liver transplantation in irresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis associated liver cirrhosis
Authors: Bednarsch Jan , Lang Sven A. , Heise Daniel , Strnad Pavel , Neumann Ulf P. , Ulmer Tom F.
Published: August 2024

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver tumor and usually associated with a poor oncological prognosis. The current gold standard is the surgical resection of the tumor with subsequent adjuvant therapy. However, in case of irresectability e.g. in case of liver cirrhosis, a palliative treatment regime is conducted.

This report demonstrates the case of an irresectable iCCA in liver cirrhosis due to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) treated by living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) facilitated by minimal invasive donor hepatectomy. No postoperative complications were observed in the donor and the donor was released on the 6th postoperative day. Further, after a follow-up of 1.5 years, no disease recurrence was detected in the recipient.

According to the recent international literature, liver transplantation can be evaluated in case of small solitary iCCA (< 3 cm) in cirrhosis. Less evidence is provided for transplantation in advanced tumors which are surgically not resectable due to advanced liver disease or infiltration of major vessels, however some reports display adequate long-term survival after strict patient selection. The selection criteria comprise the absence of distant metastases and locoregional lymph node metastases as well as partial remission or stable disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Due to no established graft allocation for iCCA in Germany, LDLT is currently the best option to realize transplantation in these patients. Developments in the last decade indicate that LDLT should preferentially be performed in minimal invasive manner (laparoscopic or robotic) as this approach is associated with less overall complications and a shorter hospitalization.

The presented case illustrates the possibilities of modern surgery and the introduction of transplant oncology in the modern therapy of patients combining systemic therapy, surgical resection and transplantation to achieve optimal long-term results in patients which were initially indicated for palliative treatment.