bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ag-CuO/epoxy hybrid nanocomposites as anti-corrosive coating and self-cleaning on copper substrate
Authors: Abdel-karim Amal M. , Ahmed Yousra M. , El-Masry Mai M.
Published: November 2023

This study aims to prepare Ag-CuO nanoparticles and assess their efficiency in protecting the copper substrate. The prepared Ag-CuO nanoparticle was characterized using, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The anticorrosion performance of the epoxy coatings containing various weight percentages of Ag-CuO nanoparticles was evaluated in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The results showed that corrosion potential shifted from − 0.211 V for uncoated copper to − 0.120 V for 5.0 wt% Ag-CuO/epoxy hybrid nanocomposite. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the coating 5.0 wt% coating exhibited excellent inhibiting properties with an efficiency of 99.9%. Wettability and mechanical properties were measured for both uncoated and coated copper substrates. The contact angle for 5.0 wt% coating is equal to 104° enhancing the hydrophobic character of the surface. The study clearly establishes that the hybrid composite has a significant potential for protecting the copper substrate.
Fabrication of environmentally safe antifouling coatings using nano-MnO2/cellulose nanofiber composite with BED/GMA irradiated by electron beam
Authors: Moawad Madelyn N. , El-Damhogy Khaled A. , Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , Radwan Islam M. , Alabssawy Ahmed Nasr
Published: November 2023

Marine biofouling, undesirable growth of organisms on submerged surfaces, poses significant challenges in various industries and marine applications. The development of environmentally safe antifouling coatings employing nano-MnO2/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite with bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate/glycidyl methacrylate (BED/GMA) irradiated by electron beam (T1) has been achieved in the current work. The physico-chemical characteristics of the fabricated coatings have been studied using Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, water contact angle, and X-ray diffraction. The efficacy of T1 formulation and pure BED/GMA polymer (T2) in inhibiting biofouling formation was investigated in seawater of Alexandria Eastern Harbour by examining biofilm development morphologically and biochemically. In addition, regular analyses of seawater physicochemical parameters were conducted monthly throughout study. Results provide valuable information on coating performance as well as the complex interactions between coatings, biofilms, and environmental factors. The T1 formulation exhibited strong anti-fouling and anticorrosion properties over 2 months. However, after four months of immersion, all coated steel surfaces, including T1, T2, and T0, were heavily covered with macro-fouling, including tubeworms, barnacles, and algae. Biochemical analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) showed statistically significant variations in carbohydrates content between the coated surfaces. The T1 formulation showed decreased protein and carbohydrate content in EPS fractions after 14 days of immersion indicating less biofouling. Moreover, elemental analysis showed that carbon, oxygen, and iron were the predominant elements in the biofilm. Other elements such as sodium, silicon, chloride, and calcium were in lower concentrations. T2 and T0 surfaces revealed higher calcium levels and the appearance of sulphur peaks if compared with T1 surface. Diatoms and bacteria were detected on T1, T2, and T0 surfaces. The observed warming of seawater and nutrient-rich conditions were found to promote the growth of fouling organisms, emphasizing the importance of considering environmental factors in biofouling management strategies.
Influence of limb dominance on body and jump asymmetries in elite female handball
Authors: Carrasco-Fernández Laura , García-Sillero Manuel , Jurado-Castro Jose Manuel , Borroto-Escuela Dasiel Oscar , García-Romero Jerónimo , Benítez-Porres Javier
Published: November 2023

Handball is a team sport subjected to asymmetric actions that require high physical capacity demands on players. The development of large asymmetries could negatively affect sports performance. However, few studies have analyzed body composition and the force asymmetries in elite female handball players. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of asymmetries based on limb dominance in body composition parameters and lower limb power in jumping performances in an elite women’s handball team. An entire elite women’s handball team, comprised by of 14 players, was analyzed. Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and bioimpedance were used to analyze body composition. Force plates were used to evaluate jump performance. Results show the presence of differences between all the players in the different parameters of the CMJ jump. In addition, an asymmetry between the power of the dominant and non-dominant lower limb was observed between the players. The results show differences in muscle mass between the upper limbs, but not in the lower limbs in terms of both muscle and fat mass. However, there were no crossed asymmetries or significant differences between members based on dominance. The results suggest that the presence of asymmetries does not have to be one of the main parameters to be taken into account by coaches in elite athletes and to highlight the importance of including specific analyzes of body composition and sports performance in an individualized way.
Management of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears with autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells is safe and more effective than injection of corticosteroid
Authors: Lundeen Mark , Hurd Jason L. , Hayes Matthew , Hayes Meredith , Facile Tiffany R. , Furia John P. , Maffulli Nicola , Alt Christopher , Alt Eckhard U. , Schmitz Christoph , Pearce David A.
Published: November 2023

Symptomatic, partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (sPTRCT) are problematic. This study tested the hypothesis that management of sPTRCT with injection of fresh, uncultured, unmodified, autologous, adipose-derived regenerative cells (UA-ADRCs) is safe and more effective than injection of corticosteroid even in the long run. To this end, subjects who had completed a former randomized controlled trial were enrolled in the present study. At baseline these subjects had not responded to physical therapy treatments for at least 6 weeks, and were randomly assigned to receive respectively a single injection of UA-ADRCs (n = 11) or a single injection of methylprednisolone (n = 5). Efficacy was assessed using the ASES Total score, pain visual analogue scale (VAS), RAND Short Form-36 Health Survey and range of motion at 33.2 ± 1.0 (mean ± SD) and 40.6 ± 1.9 months post-treatment. Proton density, fat-saturated, T2-weighted MRI of the index shoulder was performed at both study visits. There were no greater risks connected with injection of UA-ADRCs than those connected with injection of corticosteroid. The subjects in the UA-ADRCs group showed statistically significantly higher mean ASES Total scores than the subjects in the corticosteroid group. The MRI scans at 6 months post-treatment allowed to “watch the UA-ADRCs at work”.
Association between mass media exposure and infant and young child feeding practices in India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dhawan Dhriti , Pinnamaneni Ramya , Viswanath K.
Published: November 2023

The first two years of life is a critical window for good nutrition. Promoting infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in the first two years can help improve child survival and promote healthy growth and development. Assessment of IYCF practices is important, especially in developing countries like India where optimal IYCF practices can potentially prevent 12% of all deaths under 5 years of age, to promote awareness and intervene appropriately. The objective of our study is to generate evidence for the association between different types of mass media and appropriate IYCF practices in India, including optimal breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding practices. A positive association between them can point to intervention at scale. We analyzed data from India’s National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5), 2019–2021. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of appropriate IYCF practices with mass media exposure. After controlling for demographics and socioeconomic status, the analyses showed that, overall, women who had exposure to television followed by newspaper and movies, had higher odds of adopting the recommended IYCF practices. The results also showed that the association of media exposure varied for different IYCF practices by geography. For instance, in the rural areas, television exposure was positively associated with all the IYCF practices, but in the urban areas, television exposure was positively associated with only early initiation of breastfeeding [OR 1.25; (95% CI 1.1–1.42)]. The study strengthens our understanding that an appropriate selection of mass media channels for intervention programs can promote IYCF practices at scale. Appropriately selecting the type of mass media to create awareness about different IYCF practices, in specific urban–rural settings, could help customize intervention programs to successfully influence IYCF behaviors.
Plasma level of omentin-1, its expression, and its regulation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins in porcine anterior pituitary cells
Authors: Respekta Natalia , Pich Karolina , Mlyczyńska Ewa , Dobrzyń Kamil , Ramé Christelle , Kamiński Tadeusz , Smolińska Nina , Dupont Joëlle , Rak Agnieszka
Published: November 2023

Omentin-1 (OMNT1) is an adipokine involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and reproduction. The present study was the first to investigate the plasma levels and expression of OMNT1 in the anterior pituitary (AP) gland on days 2–3, 10–12, 14–16, and 17–19 of the estrous cycle of normal-weight Large White (LW) and fat Meishan (MS) pigs. Next, we determined the effect of GnRH, LH, and FSH on the OMNT1 levels in cultured AP cells. The gene and protein expression of OMNT1 in AP fluctuated during the estrous cycle, with a higher expression in MS than in LW (except on days 10–12). However, plasma levels of OMNT1 were higher in LW than in MS. OMNT1 was localized in somatotrophs, lactotrophs, thyrotrophs, and gonadotrophs. In LW pituitary cells, GnRH and gonadotropins stimulated OMNT1 protein expression (except FSH on days 14–16) and had no effect on OMNT1 levels in the culture medium. In MS pituitary cells, we observed that GnRH and LH increased while FSH decreased OMNT1 protein expression. These findings showed OMNT1 expression and regulation in the porcine AP and suggested that OMNT1 could be a new player modifying the pituitary functions.
Longitudinal dynamics of circulating miRNAs in a swine model of familial hypercholesterolemia during early atherosclerosis
Authors: Namous Hadjer , Krueger Christian , Cheng Yanping , Melo Pedro H. C. , Peppas Athanasios , Kaluza Grzegorz L. , Stoffregen William C. , Reed Jess , Khatib Hasan , Granada Juan F.
Published: November 2023

Atherosclerosis is a complex progressive disease involving intertwined biological mechanisms. We aimed to identify miRNA expression dynamics at the early stages of atherosclerosis using a large swine model (Wisconsin Miniature Swine, WMS). A total of 18 female pigs; 9 familial hypercholesterolemic (WMS-FH) and 9 normal control swine (WMS-N) were studied. miRNA sequencing was performed on plasma cell-free RNA at 3, 6, and 9 months of age. RT-qPCR validated DE miRNAs in a new cohort of animals (n = 30) with both sexes. Gene ontology and mRNA targets for DE miRNAs were identified. In vivo multimodality imaging and histopathology were performed to document the presence of atherosclerosis at termination. 20, 19, and 9 miRNAs were significantly DE between the groups at months 3, 6, and 9, respectively. Most DE miRNAs and their target genes are involved in human atherosclerosis development. Coronary atherosclerosis was documented in 7/9 WMS-FH pigs. Control animals had no lesions. miR-138, miR-152, miR-190a, and miR-196a showed a significant diagnostic power at month 3, whereas miR-486, miR-126-3p, miR-335, and miR-423-5p were of significant diagnostic power at month 9. In conclusion, specific DE miRNAs with significant discriminatory power may be promising biomarkers for the early detection of coronary atherosclerosis.
Empirical estimation of habitat suitability for rare plant restoration in an era of ongoing climatic shifts
Authors: Krushelnycky Paul D. , Berio Fortini Lucas , Mallinson Jeffrey , Felts Jesse M.
Published: November 2023

Accurate estimates of current and future habitat suitability are needed for species that may require assistance in tracking a shifting climate. Standard species distribution models (SDMs) based on occurrence data are the most common approach for evaluating climatic suitability, but these may suffer from inaccuracies stemming from disequilibrium dynamics and/or an inability to identify suitable climate regions that have no analogues within the current range. An alternative approach is to test performance with experimental introductions, and model suitability from the empirical results. We used this method with the Haleakalā silversword (Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. macrocephalum), using a network of out-plant plots across the top of Haleakalā volcano, Hawaiʻi. Over a ~ 5-year period, survival varied strongly across this network and was effectively explained by a simple model including mean rainfall and air temperature. We then applied this model to estimate current climatic suitability for restoration or translocation activities, to define trends in suitability over the past three decades, and to project future suitability through 2051. This empirical approach indicated that much of the current range has low suitability for long-term successful restoration, but also identified areas of high climatic suitability in a region where plants do not currently occur. These patterns contrast strongly with projections obtained with a standard SDM, which predicted continued suitability throughout the current range. Under continued climatic shifts, these results caution against the common SDM presumption of equilibrium between species’ distributions and their environment, even for long-established native species.
Higher Delta variant-specific neutralizing antibodies prevented infection in close contacts vaccinated with ancestral mRNA vaccines during the SARS-CoV-2 Delta wave
Authors: Goh Yun Shan , Fong Siew-Wai , Tay Matthew Zirui , Rouers Angeline , Chang Zi Wei , Chavatte Jean-Marc , Hor Pei Xiang , Loh Chiew Yee , Huang Yuling , Tan Yong Jie , Wang Bei , Ngoh Eve Zi Xian , Mohd Salleh Siti Nazihah , Lee Raphael Tze Chuen , Lim Georgina ,   NCID Study Group, Yu Jocelyn Jin , Soh Zheng Kuang , Chin Yi Qing , Lim Jonathan Jordon , Ongko Juwinda , Libau Eshele Anak , Abdullah Mohammed Ridzwan Bin , Diong Shiau Hui , Teo Jefanie , Yeo He Ping ,   COVID-Study Group, Chua Adeline C. Y. , Torres-Ruesta Anthony , Amrun Siti Naqiah , Yeo Nicholas Kim-Wah , Neo Vanessa Kexin , Chen Wendy Yehui , Kam Isaac Kai Jie , Ong Alice Soh Meoy , Goh Estelle Yi Wei , Wong Nathan , Lim Zhi Feng Sherman , Maurer-Stroh Sebastian , Wang Cheng-I , Leo Yee‐Sin , Lin Raymond T. P. , Lam Meng Chon , Lye David C. , Young Barnaby Edward , Ng Lisa F. P. , Renia Laurent
Published: November 2023

Identification of the risk factors and the high-risk groups which are most vulnerable is critical in COVID-19 disease management at a population level. Evaluating the efficacy of vaccination against infections is necessary to determine booster vaccination strategies for better protection in high-risk groups. In this study, we recruited 158 mRNA-vaccinated individuals during the Delta wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Singapore and examined the antibody profiles of infected individuals. We found that, despite high exposure due to communal living conditions in proximity, 4% of individuals (6/158) had PCR-confirmed infections and 96% (152/158) remained uninfected. Time-course analysis of the antibody profile at the start and the end of quarantine period showed Delta-specific boosting of anti-spike antibody response in 57% of the uninfected individuals (86/152). In the remaining 43% of the uninfected individuals (66/152) with no Delta-specific antibody boost, we found a higher Delta-specific antibody response at the start of quarantine period, which correlated with higher Delta pseudovirus neutralizing capacity. Our findings indicate that a higher basal variant-specific antibody response in the mRNA-vaccinated individuals contributes to better protection against infections by the new emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Impact of ground surface subsidence caused by underground coal mining on natural gas pipeline
Authors: Bazaluk Oleg , Kuchyn Oleksandr , Saik Pavlo , Soltabayeva Saule , Brui Hanna , Lozynskyi Vasyl , Cherniaiev Oleksii
Published: November 2023

Underground mining of minerals is accompanied by a change in the rock mass geomechanical situation. This leads to the redistribution of stresses in it and the occurrence of unexpected displacements and deformations of the earth's surface. A significant part of the civil and industrial infrastructure facilities are located within the mine sites, where mining and tunneling operations are constantly conducted. Irrational planning of mining operations can lead to loss of stability and destruction of undermined facilities. Therefore, it is important to study the earth’s surface deformation processes during mining operations, which ensures safe and sustainable operating conditions. The research objective of this paper is to analyse the behaviour of a natural gas pipeline under the influence of underground mining activities, with a particular focus on understanding the effects of horizontal surface deformations and their potential impact on pipeline safety and structural integrity. Its performance and safety are determined on the basis of the found parameters of the earth's surface horizontal deformations and their comparison with permissible parameters characterizing the conditions for laying pipelines, depending on the mining-geological conditions and the degree of their undermining. Based on determined conditions for the safe undermining of the natural gas pipeline, it has been revealed that in its section between the PK212+40 and PK213+80 (140 m) pickets, the estimated parameters of the earth's surface horizontal deformations exceed their permissible values. This can cause deformation and damage to the pipeline. For the safe operation of the pipeline during the period of its undermining, in order to eliminate the hazardous impact of mining the longwall face, additional protection measures must be applied. It is therefore recommended that the gas pipeline between the PK212 and PK214+20 pickets be opened prior to the displacement process (200 m from the stoping face), thus reducing the density of the gas pipeline-soil system. Recommendations for controlling the earth’s surface deformations within the natural gas pipeline route are also proposed, which will ensure premature detection of the negative impact of mining operations.
MRI and PET/CT in the assessment of lymph node metastases in head and neck cancer
Authors: Zwittag Paul , Asel Christian , Gabriel Michael , Rubicz Nina , Bauer Belinda , Poier-Fabian Nikolaus
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is to present the diagnostic accuracy of MRI and PET/CT in the evaluation of cervical lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Data of 114 patients who underwent MRI and PET/CT prior to surgery in the time period between January 2010 and September 2021 in our center is analyzed retrospectively. Histopathological results of surgical preparations serve as the gold standard. The mean time from MRI to surgery is 22.9 (± 18.7) days, and from PET/CT to surgery 21.7 (± 19.9) days. Sensitivities of 80.4% and 80.4%, specificities of 85.7% and 87.3%, PPVs of 82.0% and 83.7% and NPVs of 84.4% and 84.6% are registered for MRI and PET/CT, respectively. 37 false results are further analyzed with respect to side and level of the affected lymph node, as well as intersections of the two imaging modalities. In 29 patients (25.4%), additional findings are described in PET/CT, 7 (6.1%) of which were histologically confirmed to be further malignancies. A combination of both MRI and PET/CT imaging modalities could improve diagnostic accuracy, especially with regard to sensitivity. A notable number of additional findings in whole body acquisition leads to the potential diagnosis of further malignancies.
Detection of butane and propane gases via C2N sensors: first principles modeling
Authors: Wasfi Asma , Sulieman Mawahib , Sefelnasr Ziad , Alteneiji Abdulla , Shafiqurrahman Atawulrahman , Alharairi Ammar , Awwad Falah
Published: November 2023

Gas sensing is a critical research area in aerospace, military, medical, and industrial environments, as it helps prevent risks to human health and the environment caused by toxic gases. Propane and butane, commonly used as fuels in household and industrial settings, are toxic and flammable gases that need to be effectively detected to avoid leakage or explosion accidents. To address this, nanomaterial-based gas sensors are being developed with low power consumption and operating temperatures. In this study, two-dimensional nitrogenated holey graphene (C2N) based sensors are used for the first time for the identification of butane and propane gases. The sensor consists of two C2N electrodes connected via a C2N channel. The C2N sensor design was enhanced by replacing the C2N electrodes with gold electrodes and adding a gate terminal under the channel. The resistive method is employed to detect butane and propane gases by measuring the variation in the electrical conductivity of the sensor due to exposure to these target molecules. To investigate the electronic transport properties, such as transmission spectra, density of states and current, first principles simulations of the C2N-based sensors is conducted using Quantumwise Atomistix Toolkit (ATK). The detection method relies on the alteration of the FET's electrical current at specific gate voltages due to the presence of these gases. This proposed sensor offers the potential for small size and low-cost gas sensing applications. The designed sensor aims to effectively detect propane and butane gases. By leveraging the unique properties of C2N and utilizing advanced simulation tools, this sensor could provide high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting propane and butane gases. Such an advancement in gas sensing technology holds significant promise for ensuring safety in various environments.
Nascent ribosomal RNA act as surfactant that suppresses growth of fibrillar centers in nucleolus
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Yamazaki Tomohiro , Ninomiya Kensuke , Hirose Tetsuro
Published: November 2023

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has been thought to be the biophysical principle governing the assembly of the multiphase structures of nucleoli, the site of ribosomal biogenesis. Condensates assembled through LLPS increase their sizes to minimize the surface energy as far as their components are available. However, multiple microphases, fibrillar centers (FCs), dispersed in a nucleolus are stable and their sizes do not grow unless the transcription of pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) is inhibited. To understand the mechanism of the suppression of the FC growth, we here construct a minimal theoretical model by taking into account nascent pre-rRNAs tethered to FC surfaces by RNA polymerase I. The prediction of this theory was supported by our experiments that quantitatively measure the dependence of the size of FCs on the transcription level. This work sheds light on the role of nascent RNAs in controlling the size of nuclear bodies.
Conformational plasticity and allosteric communication networks explain Shelterin protein TPP1 binding to human telomerase
Authors: Aureli Simone , Cardenas Vince Bart , Raniolo Stefano , Limongelli Vittorio
Published: November 2023

The Shelterin complex protein TPP1 interacts with human telomerase (TERT) by means of the TEL-patch region, controlling telomere homeostasis. Aberrations in the TPP1-TERT heterodimer formation might lead to short telomeres and severe diseases like dyskeratosis congenita and Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. In the present study, we provide a thorough characterization of the structural properties of the TPP1’s OB-domain by combining data coming from microsecond-long molecular dynamics calculations, time-series analyses, and graph-based networks. Our results show that the TEL-patch conformational freedom is influenced by a network of long-range amino acid communications that together determine the proper TPP1-TERT binding. Furthermore, we reveal that in TPP1 pathological variants Glu169Δ, Lys170Δ and Leu95Gln, the TEL-patch plasticity is reduced, affecting the correct binding to TERT and, in turn, telomere processivity, which eventually leads to accelerated aging of affected cells. Our study provides a structural basis for the design of TPP1-targeting ligands with therapeutic potential against cancer and telomeropathies.
Platelet aggregates detected using quantitative phase imaging associate with COVID-19 severity
Authors: Klenk Christian , Erber Johanna , Fresacher David , Röhrl Stefan , Lengl Manuel , Heim Dominik , Irl Hedwig , Schlegel Martin , Haller Bernhard , Lahmer Tobias , Diepold Klaus , Rasch Sebastian , Hayden Oliver
Published: November 2023

Background

The clinical spectrum of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection ranges from an asymptomatic to life-threatening disease. Considering the broad spectrum of severity, reliable biomarkers are required for early risk stratification and prediction of clinical outcomes. Despite numerous efforts, no COVID-19-specific biomarker has been established to guide further diagnostic or even therapeutic approaches, most likely due to insufficient validation, methodical complexity, or economic factors. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is a hallmark of the disease and is mainly attributed to dysregulated immunothrombosis. This process describes an intricate interplay of platelets, innate immune cells, the coagulation cascade, and the vascular endothelium leading to both micro- and macrothrombotic complications. In this context, increased levels of immunothrombotic components, including platelet and platelet-leukocyte aggregates, have been described and linked to COVID-19 severity.

Methods

Here, we describe a label-free quantitative phase imaging approach, allowing the identification of cell-aggregates and their components at single-cell resolution within 30 min, which prospectively qualifies the method as point-of-care (POC) testing.

Results

We find a significant association between the severity of COVID-19 and the amount of platelet and platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Additionally, we observe a linkage between severity, aggregate composition, and size distribution of platelets in aggregates.

Conclusions

This study presents a POC-compatible method for rapid quantitative analysis of blood cell aggregates in patients with COVID-19.
Use of machine learning to analyze chemistry card sort tasks
Authors: Sizemore Logan , Hutchinson Brian , Borda Emily
Published: November 2023

Education researchers are deeply interested in understanding the way students organize their knowledge. Card sort tasks, which require students to group concepts, are one mechanism to infer a student's organizational strategy. However, the limited resolution of card sort tasks means they necessarily miss some of the nuance in a student's strategy. In this work, we propose new machine learning strategies that leverage a potentially richer source of student thinking: free-form written language justifications associated with student sorts. Using data from a university chemistry card sort task, we use vectorized representations of language and unsupervised learning techniques to generate qualitatively interpretable clusters, which can provide unique insight in how students organize their knowledge. We compared these to machine learning analysis of the students’ sorts themselves. Machine learning-generated clusters revealed different organizational strategies than those built into the task; for example, sorts by difficulty or even discipline. There were also many more categories generated by machine learning for what we would identify as more novice-like sorts and justifications than originally built into the task, suggesting students’ organizational strategies converge when they become more expert-like. Finally, we learned that categories generated by machine learning for students’ justifications did not always match the categories for their sorts, and these cases highlight the need for future research on students’ organizational strategies, both manually and aided by machine learning. In sum, the use of machine learning to analyze results from a card sort task has helped us gain a more nuanced understanding of students’ expertise, and demonstrates a promising tool to add to existing analytic methods for card sorts.
Self-assembly of Au nanocubes for ultrasensitive detection of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers by SERS
Authors: Wang Luyao , Chang Min , Ma Pei , Chen Hui , Ma Shaojun , Chen Nan , Zhang Xuedian
Published: November 2023

Schematic illustration of SERS detection of AD biomarkers using self-assembly Au nanocubes.
Anion-encapsulating, discrete prism and extended frusta, from trimetallated triangular macrocycles and linkers
Authors: Wang Hai-Ping , Eichhöfer Andreas , Gu Zhi-Gang , Gruber Nathalie , Stadler Adrian-Mihail
Published: November 2023

A new strategy that uses triangular trimetallated macrocycles as bases for prisms and bidentate linear ligands as lateral edges, produced a discrete prism and two extended frusta of which cavities encapsulate anions.
Modified minimal-size fragments of heparan sulfate as inhibitors of endosulfatase-2 (Sulf-2)
Authors: Kennett Alice , Epple Sven , van der Valk Gabriella , Georgiou Irene , Gout Evelyne , Vivès Romain R. , Russell Angela J.
Published: November 2023

A trisulfated disaccharide is identified as the minimal fragment size of heparan sulfate for effective endosulfatase inhibition.
Creating glassy states of dicarboxylate-bridged coordination polymers
Authors: Fan Zeyu , Wei Yong-Sheng , Das Chinmoy , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Yamada Hiroki , Ohara Koji , Horike Satoshi
Published: November 2023

A series of dicarboxylate-bridged networked glasses with tunable porosity and mechanical properties were obtained by dehydration of hydrated coordination polymer crystals.
2D superlattices via interfacial self-assembly of polymer-grafted Au nanoparticles
Authors: Jiang Liangzhu , Mao Xi , Liu Changxu , Guo Xiaodan , Deng Renhua , Zhu Jintao
Published: November 2023

In this feature article, we summarize the recent progress on 2D superlattices by interfacial self-assembly of polymer-grafted Au nanoparticles and their properties and applications in nano-floating gate memory devices.
Recent advancements in the use of Bobbitt's salt and 4-acetamidoTEMPO
Authors: Bray Jean M. , Stephens Shannon M. , Weierbach Shayne M. , Vargas Karen , Lambert Kyle M.
Published: November 2023

This feature article provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments and applications of Bobbitt's salt and 4-acetamidoTEMPO in organic synthesis and fields beyond.
BTEX sensing potential of elemental-doped graphene: a DFT study
Authors: Zhang Hongping , Zhang Run , Hu Shuchun , Yang Kun , Wang Qingyuan , Dong Huilong , Ni Yuxiang , Feng Wei
Published: November 2023

Elementally-doped graphene demonstrates remarkable gas sensing capabilities as a novel 2D sensor material.
On the role of potassium in Prussian blue analogue-derived Mn–Co catalysts applied in the CO hydrogenation to higher alcohols
Authors: Telaar Pascal , Diehl Patrick , Herrendorf Tim , Schaefer Sven , Kleist Wolfgang , Muhler Martin
Published: November 2023

The lowering of the K content of phase-pure Mn–Co-derived Prussian blue analogue (PBA)-based catalysts applied in higher alcohol synthesis was achieved by an additional washing step and by substituting K+ cations by (NH4)+ cations prior to synthesis.
Heterogenized molecular Pd(ii) catalyst on ultrathin 2D metal–organic frameworks with nanoflower-like morphology for isonitrile-involved cyclization reaction
Authors: Feng Xiao , Ren Yanwei , Wang Haosen , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: November 2023

An ultrathin 2D MOF based catalyst with fully exposed single-site Pd(ii) active centers shows superior catalytic efficiency for the isonitrile-involved cyclization reaction compared to 3D MOF based Pd(ii) catalyst and homogeneous counterpart.
Towards a modular architecture for science factories
Authors: Vescovi Rafael , Ginsburg Tobias , Hippe Kyle , Ozgulbas Doga , Stone Casey , Stroka Abraham , Butler Rory , Blaiszik Ben , Brettin Tom , Chard Kyle , Hereld Mark , Ramanathan Arvind , Stevens Rick , Vriza Aikaterini , Xu Jie , Zhang Qingteng , Foster Ian
Published: November 2023

Advances in robotic automation, high-performance computing, and artificial intelligence encourage us to propose large, general-purpose science factories with the scale needed to tackle large discovery problems and to support thousands of scientists.
Two novel nitrogen-rich metal–organic nanotubes: syntheses, structures and selective adsorption toward rare earth ions
Authors: Zhong Minli , Xia Siyao , Liu Sanmei , Jin Caiju , Deng Shengjun , Xiao Weiming , Ding Shunmin , Chen Chao
Published: November 2023

Two nitrogen-rich metal–organic nanotubes (MONTs) with large channel diameters of up to 1.76 nm were successfully synthesized and used for rare earth adsorption for the first time.
A dual-functional 2D coordination polymer exhibiting photomechanical and electrically conductive behaviours
Authors: Khan Samim , Das Pubali , Naaz Sanobar , Brandão Paula , Choudhury Aditya , Medishetty Raghavender , Ray Partha Pratim , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah
Published: November 2023

A Zn(ii)-based multifunctional 2D coordination polymer exhibits photomechanical motion and electrical conductivity.
Ce3+–Eu2+ Co-doped BaCa13Mg2(SiO4)8 cyan phosphor—ultra-high energy transfer efficiency for white light emitting diodes
Authors: Ma Xiaoxi , Yang Shuo , Wang Chuqi , Jia Nana , Cai Chengyu , Wang Chuang
Published: November 2023

The energy transfer efficiency between Ce3+ and Eu2+ in the BaCa13Mg2(SiO4)8 host is calculated to be 96.7%.
Water electrolysis for hydrogen production: from hybrid systems to self-powered/catalyzed devices
Authors: Ren Jin-Tao , Chen Lei , Wang Hao-Yu , Tian Wen-Wen , Yuan Zhong-Yong
Published: November 2023

This perspective highlights recent advancements in innovative strategies to provide valuable insights into the potential for energy-saving hydrogen production through water electrolysis.
Red tides in the Galician rías: historical overview, ecological impact, and future monitoring strategies
Authors: F. Rodríguez , L. Escalera , B. Reguera , E. Nogueira , A. Bode , M. Ruiz-Villarreal , A. E. Rossignoli , B. Ben-Gigirey , V. Rey , S. Fraga
Published: November 2023

The Galician rías (NW Iberia, Spain) are responsible for most of the national shellfish production. This is the first review of red tides in that area including an historical overview, social challenges and proposals for improving their monitoring.
Evaluating the pH-dependence of DOM absorbance, fluorescence, and photochemical production of singlet oxygen
Authors: Allen Anya , Cheng Kai , McKay Garrett
Published: November 2023

The protonation state of dissolved organic matter (DOM) impacts its structure and function in natural and engineered environmental systems, including DOM's ability to absorb light and form photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRI).
Introduction to the “Tracking complex mixtures of chemicals in human- and eco-exposome: the nexus of models, analytics, and toxicity” themed issue
Authors: Fang Mingliang , Li Li , Tian Zhenyu , Escher Beate
Published: November 2023

Mingliang Fang, Beate Escher, Li Li and Zhenyu Tian introduce the Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts themed issue on “Tracking complex mixtures of chemicals in human- and eco-exposome: the nexus of models, analytics, and toxicity”.
Recent advances in Ni-materials/carbon nanocomposites for supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Pour Ghobad Behzadi , Fard Hamed Nazarpour , Aval Leila Fekri , Dubal Deepak
Published: November 2023

Comparison of power density as a function of energy density for supercapacitors based on Ni-materials/carbon nanocomposites and keyword analysis of Ni material-based supercapacitors using VOSviewer.
3D nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks with hierarchical pores and graphitic carbon channels for high-performance hybrid energy storages
Authors: Choi Jae Won , Park Dong Gyu , Kim Keon-Han , Choi Won Ho , Park Min Gyu , Kang Jeung Ku
Published: November 2023

3D nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous graphitic carbon cathode and subnanometric tin oxide nanocrystals anode materials are derived from Co–Zn mixed metal–organic frameworks to achieve high-performance Li-ion and Na-ion hybrid energy storage devices.
Ball milling synthesis of S-quinolyl xanthates via coupling of haloquinolines with potassium O-alkyl xanthates
Authors: Peng Sha , Zhao Meng-Yang , Tang Jia-Jun , Xie Long-Yong
Published: November 2023

A ball milling promoted cross coupling of haloquinolines with potassium O-alkyl xanthates toward S-quinolyl xanthates under transition metal- and solvent-free conditions was developed.
14-electron reduced MoIV6-ε-Keggin polyoxometalates: highly stable and reversible electron/Li+ sponge materials
Authors: Zi Jie , Cao Meng , Yu Fang , Ren Cuiming , Sang Ruili , Xu Li
Published: November 2023

14e-reduced hollow MoIV6-ε-Keggin POMs exhibit highly enhanced electrical conductivity and maintain their structural integrity during 24e-redox processes compared to fully oxidized POMs.
Palladium/norbornene/copper-catalysed intermolecular thio-esterification from ketones: modular access towards tetrasubstituted vinyl sulfides
Authors: Du Guopeng , Zhao Yu , Zhu Pingliang , Ling Shaowen , Xu Baolong , Liu Hui , Li Xinjin , Sun Feng-Gang
Published: November 2023

A Catellani-type α-alkoxycarbonylation/ipso-thiolation of enol triflates from ketones to access diverse tetrasubstituted vinyl sulfides has been developed.
Visible-light-induced electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex-initiated synthesis of non-anomeric S-aryl glycosides
Authors: Hou Jin-Yu , Zhang Le , He Shi-Yun , Ye Mei-Ling , Chen Jian , Huang Tian-Le , Lv Guang-Hui , Hai Li , Yang Zhong-Zhen , Wu Yong
Published: November 2023

A visible-light-induced protocol for the preparation of S-aryl thioglycosides has been reported.
Identification of chemical components and rat serum metabolites in Danggui Buxue decoction based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, the UNIFI platform and molecular networks
Authors: Lv Yanhui , Xu Xike , Yang Jishun , Gao Yuan , Xin Jiayun , Chen Wei , Zhang Li , Li Jiali , Wang Jie , Wei Yanping , Wei Xintong , He Jixiang , Zu Xianpeng
Published: November 2023

The material basis of DBD was annotated using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, UNIFI platform and molecular network. 207 chemical components were unambiguously or tentatively identified in DBD. A total of 29 prototypical constituents and 51 metabolites were identified in the serum of rats after DBD administration.
Detecting and differentiating neurotransmitters using ultraviolet plasmonic engineered native fluorescence
Authors: Lee Ji-Young , Mohammadi Mohammad , Wang Yunshan
Published: November 2023

Detecting neurotransmitters with high sensitivity and selectivity is important to understand their roles in biological functions.
Recent achievements in the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Chung Nguyen Thi , Dung Vo Cong , Duc Dau Xuan
Published: November 2023

This article gives a comprehensive review on the synthesis of benzimidazoles including reaction mechanisms and a brief description of biological application of benzimidazole derivatives by summarizing recent studies.
Recent developments on microwave-assisted organic synthesis of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing preferred heterocyclic scaffolds
Authors: Tiwari Ghanshyam , Khanna Ashish , Mishra Vinay Kumar , Sagar Ram
Published: November 2023

This review highlights recent developments in the microwave-assisted organic synthesis of N- and O-containing heterocycles with specific examples of pyrazolopyrimidines-, coumarin-, quinoline-, and isatin-based scaffolds and their associated biological activities.
Recent synthetic strategies of spiro-azetidin-2-one, -pyrrolidine, -indol(one) and -pyran derivatives-a review
Authors: Alshammari Mohammed B. , Aly Ashraf A. , Ahmad Akil , Brown Alan B. , Mohamed Asmaa H.
Published: November 2023

Spiro-heterocycles have received special attention in medicinal chemistry because of their promising biological activity.
Plausible PEPPSI catalysts for direct C–H functionalization of five-membered heterocyclic bioactive motifs: synthesis, spectral, X-ray crystallographic characterizations and catalytic activity
Authors: Bensalah Donia , Mansour Lamjed , Sauthier Mathieu , Gurbuz Nevin , Özdemir Ismail , Beji Lotfi , Gatri Rafik , Hamdi Naceur
Published: November 2023

In this study, a series of benzimidazolium salts were synthesized as asymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors.
Global trends and future prospects of lactic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Yue Siyuan , Zhang Min
Published: November 2023

This study systematically reviewed the current state and future trends of lactic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass, and compared the two major pathways for lactic acid production: microbial fermentation and chemical catalytic conversion.
Degradation of phenol by perborate in the presence of iron-bearing and carbonaceous materials
Authors: Oh Seok-Young , Kim Jun-Hwan
Published: November 2023

Degradation of phenol by Persil® in the presence of iron-bearing and carbonaceous materials.
Carbon within carbon: growth of excitation-independent CDs within functional mesoporous carbon towards detection and adsorption of a specific nitrofuran class of antibiotics
Authors: Yadav Sanjay , Choudhary Nishu , Paital Alok Ranjan
Published: November 2023

This work discloses a new functionalized material comprising a mesoporous matrix and a luminescent tag, both composed of carbon for the detection and removal of specific antibiotics from aqueous solutions with superior performances.
Realizing the cooking recipe of materials synthesis through large language models
Authors: Thik Jaydeep , Wang Siwen , Wang Chuhong , Mansourifar Hadi , Lin Honghong , Okubo Keiichi , Ling Chen
Published: November 2023

LLMs offer a promising and viable direction to convert materials synthesis descriptions into recipe-like outputs effectively preserving the order of synthesis steps. LLMs show true potential to guide experimental design using materials literature.
Super-tough self-healable multiphasic supramolecular plastic via sequence-biased statistical copolymerization
Authors: Lee Woojin , Yu Yeong Jun , Kang Haisu , Kwon Sung Hyun , Lee Seung Geol , Chung Jae Woo , Kwak Seung-Yeop
Published: November 2023

The complementary design of a multiphasic supramolecular nanostructure constructed via sequence-biased statistical copolymerization can provide a super-tough supramolecular plastic with a facile healing capability.
‘Total electrode’ and ‘intrinsic’ activity parameters in water electrolysis: a comprehensive investigation
Authors: Karmakar Arun , Kamble Bhagyashri. B. , Madhu Ragunath , Gudlur Pradeep , Kundu Subrata
Published: November 2023

Various electrochemical activity markers were distinguished based on their intrinsic and extrinsic behaviours. A detailed experiment portrays the importance of properly reporting the activity in terms of intrinsic electrochemical parameters.
A novel CT-responsive hydrogel for the construction of an organ simulation phantom for the repeatability and stability study of radiomic features
Authors: Gu Xiaokai , Shu Zhenyu , Zheng Xiaoli , Wei Sailong , Ma Meng , He Huiwen , Shi Yanqin , Gong Xiangyang , Chen Si , Wang Xu
Published: November 2023

A CT-responsive hydrogel uses the CT responsiveness of calcium ions to construct an accurately matched CT-equivalent phantom and endow it with good stability in order to obtain reliable features in the field of radiology.
An underwater stable and durable gelatin composite hydrogel coating for biomedical applications
Authors: Wei Luxing , Li Yuan , Qiu Xiaoyong , Zhang Xiaolai , Song Xiaoyu , Zhao Yunpeng , Yu Qing , Shao Jinlong , Ge Shaohua , Huang Jun
Published: November 2023

An underwater stable, durable and substrate-independent gelatin composite hydrogel (GMP) coating is developed for biomedical application, showing good anti-microbial, lubrication properties and tunable drug release ability.
Recent advances in fabricating injectable hydrogels via tunable molecular interactions for bio-applications
Authors: Yang Wenshuai , Chen Jingsi , Zhao Ziqian , Wu Meng , Gong Lu , Sun Yimei , Huang Charley , Yan Bin , Zeng Hongbo
Published: November 2023

Fabricating injectable hydrogels via tunable molecular interactions for bio-applications.
Polymer–prodrug conjugates as candidates for degradable, long-acting implants, releasing the water-soluble nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor emtricitabine
Authors: Liu Chung , Hern Faye Y. , Shakil Anika , Temburnikar Kartik , Chambon Pierre , Liptrott Neill , McDonald Tom O. , Neary Megan , Flexner Charles , Owen Andrew , Meyers Caren Freel , Rannard Steve P.
Published: November 2023

Emtricitabine, has been modified to form a series of diol monomers for pendant polymer–prodrug conjugate synthesis. Screening has identified structures for implant formation able to release parent drugviaenzymatic cleavage mechanisms.
Effect of the cyano group on colour-tunability of aryl-substituted buta-1,3-diene based solid-state emissive copolymers
Authors: Pal Prasanta , Datta Ayan , Mukherjee Susmita , Perumal Ajay , Malik Sudip
Published: November 2023

Solid-state emissive copolymers with varying cyano groups have been developed and are utilised for the PLED device applications to demonstrate the effect of acceptor strength.
Oxygen-bridged boron derivatives as electron transport and thermally activated delayed fluorescence host materials for high-performance phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Jeong Sook Hee , Im Jun Seop , Lee Dong Ryun , Ahn Han Jin , Kim Jun Yun , Baek Ji-Ho , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: November 2023

Oxygen-bridged boron derivatives 3,11-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene and 2,12-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene were successfully developed as n-type (electron transport type) hosts with TADF characteristics.
A robust conductive organohydrogel with adhesive and low-hysteresis properties for all-weather human motion and wireless electrocardiogram sensing
Authors: Zhao Yuhao , Zhao Qianbin , Peng Shihao , Zhou Huan , Yang Lei
Published: November 2023

A strain sensor based on OH-PLT organohydrogel is reported and characterized by low hysteresis, high sensitivity, and high adhesion for the stable monitoring of human movement in all-weather environments and the wireless monitoring of ECG signals.