bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Scramble Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa
Authors: Irfan Irfan
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAK

Dalam dunia pendidikan, matematika berperan dalam melatih logika dan nalar, melatih berpikir sistematis, melatih berpikir obyektif, melatih ketelitian, dan melatih kesabaran dan disiplin. Pembelajaran Matematika membutuhkan kemampuan berpikir kritis untuk melatih logika dan nalar. Untuk melatih logika dan nalar pada pembelajaran matematika dibutuhkan kemampuan berpikir kritis. Hal ini di dukung dari data hasil PISA tahun 2018 untuk bidang studi matematika, Indonesia menempati urutan ke-62 dari 70 negara yang berpartisipasi. Data tersebut perlu adanya pembenahan dalam pembelajaran matematika khususnya dalam kemampuan berpikir kritis. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan dan mengasah kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Scramble. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran Scramble terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Setelah mengumpulkan data dan menganalisa data dengan menggunakan rumus uji hipotesis dengan menggunaka uji regresi linier sederhana dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 2.0. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh: 1) Populasi data berdistribusi normal, 2) Data berasal dari populasi yang homogen, 3) Model pembelajaran Scramble cukup berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa.

Kata Kunci : Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Scramble, kemampuan berpikir kritis
The legacy of Maximus the Greek in the biblical revision of Euthymius Chudovsky (1680s)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Verner Inna
Published: December 2020

The paper explores the use by Euthymius Chudovsky of Maximus the Greek’s achievements in the linguistic revision of biblical texts. Correction and translation of the New Testament by Euthymius in the 1680s demonstrates not only the appeal to the texts translated by Maximus as language patterns, but also the development of his philological criticism of the text of Holy Scripture and its interpretation.
Correlation of semantic difference and grammatical variation in medieval text
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Donina Ludmila
Published: December 2020

In this article factual information by XVth century ancient writing «Hellenic and Roman Chronicle» is analysed and presented. The focus of the paper is on the Medieval theory of «words» and formationing of the paradigm of nouns.
Synodic of those killed in battle in religious and folk traditions: local cults and texts
Authors:   Perm State University, Korolyova Svetlana
Published: December 2020

This paper is devoted to church synodics in their connection with local religious and folk cults aimed at honoring people who died in battle. Such cults existed in the Northern Prikamye, Vyatka, Tobolsk and other territories. A pro-ductive way of analysis is to consider not only the texts of synodics, but also their use, methods of public representation, and attitude to local legends.
Predelъ is the same name for etymology»: an example of language refl ection by Euthymius Chudovsky (17th century)
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, Nikolaeva Natalia
Published: December 2020

On the example of the Preface of Euthymius Chudovsky to his translation of the treatise of Dionysius the Areopagite “De divinis nominibus”, the perception of internal linguistic processes in the Church Slavonic language and their description, attempts to give terminological meaning to individual words and morphemes and, in this regard, some terminological incidents refl ected in this text are considered.
Points of support for Serbian grammatical scholarship at the turning point from religious education to universal education
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Obizhaeva Marina
Published: December 2020

The report is devoted to the refl ection of Serbian gram-marians on the metalanguage. Тheir task was to quickly create mandatory textbooks as part of the Sagan reform on the Habsburg lands. In particular, the report demonstrates how Vuyanovsky and others manages to integrate the Sla-vonic authoritative content into the German educational template.
Liturgical text in the Epigraphy of Old Rus’
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Rozhdestvenskaya Tatyana
Published: December 2020

The paper analyses the linguistic aspect of biblical and liturgical quotations in the wall-inscriptions (graffi ti) of the 12th–15th centuries in the Churches of Old Rus’. Paleografic, orthographic and textual features of the liturgical graffiti characterize them as texts, reflecting both the norms of the Church Slavonic language in Russia and its regional variants, as well as features associated with the oral form of their existence.
The importance of the support by the Roman popes for the success of the missionary work of Constantine Cyril and Methodius
Authors: Fischer Roman
Published: December 2020

As part of the thematic block, we turn our attention to the importance of the support of the popes for the success of the missionary work of Constantine Cyril and Methodius. Pope Nicholas I, Adrian II and John VIII showed interest in the experiment of the conversion of the Slavs in the Slavic language. They approved worship in the Slavic language and defended Methodius from persecution by the Bavarian clergy.
Kuttab Diawasi atau Diadopsi?
Authors: Sofanudin Aji , Muzayanah Umi , muntakhib ahmad , Atmanto Nugroho Eko , Muawanah Siti
Published: December 2020

Kuttab merupakan lembaga pendidikan dasar “baru” yang muncul sejak tahun 2012. Belum ada data resmi yang dimiliki Kementerian Agama/KementerianPendidikan dan Kebudayaan tentang kuttab di Indonesia. Selama ini, eksistensi kuttab sebagian memiliki ijin operasional sebagai PKBM di bawah DinasPendidikan, sebagian memiliki ijin operasional sebagai pendidikan kesetaraan tingkat ula di bawah Kementerian Agama, sebagian menginduk pada PKBM lain, dansebagian lagi belum memiliki ijin operasional. Fenomena ini tentu membutuhkan perhatian serius pemerintah terkait legalitas kelembagaan kuttab, mengingat keberadaan lembaga ini mulai marak tumbuh dan berkembang di Indonesia. Guna mengetahui lebih jauh eksistensi kuttab beserta kurikulumnya, peneliti bidang Pendidikan Agama dan Keagamaan Balai Litbang Agama Semarang melakukanpengumpulan data di beberapa kuttab di Jawa Tengah. Beberapa kuttab tersebut adalah Kuttab Al-Fatih Purwokerto, Kuttab Al-Fatih Tegal, Kuttab Ibnu AbbasSurakarta, Kuttab Harun Al-Rasyid Surakarta, Kuttab Ibnu Abbas Klaten, Kuttab AlJazary Surakarta, dan Kuttab Al-Ayyubi Kendal. Temuan penelitian menunjukkantiga hal: akar ideologis kuttab, bentuk kurikulum kuttab dan implikasi terhadap pendidikan Islam.
PELAKSANAAN KURIKULUM 2013 PADA JENJANG PENDIDIKAN MENENGAH
Authors: Muzayanah Umi
Published: December 2020

Pelaksanaan Kurikulum 2013 dalam perjalanannya menuai pro dan kontra terkait kesiapan dari berbagai elemen penyelenggara pendidikan. Kontroversi tersebut berujung pada penghendan pelaksanaan Kurikulum 2073 kecuali pada beberapa sekolah yang ditunjuk. Masih diberlakul
Menjaga Karakter Muttaqien
Authors: Sofanudin Aji
Published: December 2020

ADA kaidah yang terkenal laisal ied liman labisal jadid, wala kinnal ied liman thoathihi/taqwahu yazid, Idul Fitri itu bukan bermakna baju baru tetapi yang disebut Idul Fitri adalah ketaatan/ketaqwaan yang bertambah. Salah satu makna Idul fitri, kita kembali menjadi suci, dalam arti segala dosa dan kesalahan kita diampuni oleh Allah swt. Ramadlan artinya membakar, segala dosa dan kesalahan kita dibakar oleh Allah, maka pada bulan Syawal kita kembali suci bersih, tanpa noda dan dosa seperti bayi yang baru lahir, khususnya terkait dosa dan kesalahan kita kepada Allah SWT
SURVEI ONLINE PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH DI MASA PANDEMIK COVID-19
Authors: Muzayanah Umi , Iswanto Agus , Muawanah Siti
Published: December 2020

Survei online dilakukan terhadap 17.661 guru madrasah dan guru PAI di Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, D.I. Yogyakarta, dan Bali terkait pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh selama Pandemik Covid-19. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa kendala terbesar dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh secara online adalah keterbatasan kuota internet, sinyal internet lemah, kepemilikan perangkat digital seperti Hp dan laptop. Selain itu, sebagian besar guru juga menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran jarak jauh secara online belum mampu mencapai target kurikulum.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM LIMA HASRI SEKOLAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF GURU MADRASAH DINIYAH DI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Muzayanah Umi
Published: December 2020

Kota Surakarta merupakan salah satu wilayah di Jawa Tengah dengan jumlah pelaksana program lima hari sekolah (PLHS) yang cukup banyak. Adanya kebijakan PLHS di beberapa sekolah, khususnya di jenjang pendidikan dasar ditengarai berpengaruh pada eksistensi madrasah diniyah di wilayah tersebut. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi guru madrasah diniyah terhadap kebijakan PLHS di sekolah umum. Dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara, dokumentasi, dan angket diperoleh hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Mayoritas guru madrasah diniyah (96,97%) menyatakan tidak setuju terhadap implementasi PLHS di sekolah. Dari 18 guru madrasah diniyah non pesantren, 88,89% menyatakan bahwa kebijakan PLHS di sekolah umum berpengaruh terhadap keberlangsungan madrasah diniyah tempat mereka mengajar. Sementara itu, dari 15 guru madrasah diniyah pesantren, 40% menyatakan bahwa kebijakan PLHS di sekolah umum berpengaruh terhadap keberlangsungan madrasah diniyah tempat mereka mengajar. Alasan yang mendasari tidak setujunya guru madrasah diniyah terhadap kebijakan PLHSadalah keberadaan siswa di sekolah hingga sore. Hal ini menyebabkan siswa kelelahan yang berujung pada absennya siswa dalam pembelajaran di madrasah diniyah. Untuk menjaga eksistensi madrasah diniyah di tengah kebijakan PLHS perlu ada sinergi antara sekolah dengan madrasah diniyah dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan agama Islam
Masa Depan Riset Nasional
Authors: Sofanudin Aji
Published: December 2020

Setidaknya 167 peneliti Kementerian Agama RI menggelar temu riset nasional di Hotel Ciputra Cibubur, 21 s.d 23 Agustus 2019. Pertemuan tersebut difasilitasi panitia dari Puslitbang LKKMO, Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kemenag RI. Hadir dalam ajang tersebut; para profesor riset, para peneliti di lingkungan Badan Litbang, serta peneliti berbagai PTAIN di Indonesia. Hadir juga para pejabat di lingkungan Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kemenag RI.Temu riset 2019 mengambil tema "Positioning Peneliti Keagamaan di Era Disrupsi". Tema ini dianggap penting, mengingat posisi kelembagaan para peneliti yang sedang galau di tengah belum jelasnya kebijakan pemerintah terkait dunia riset. Janji politik Jokowi-Kiai Ma'ruf Amin dan amanat UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2019 tentang Sistem Nasional IPTEK diantaranya mengamanatkan pembentukan suatu badan yg mengkoordinasikan seluruh kebijakan penelitian nasional. Selama ini, riset nasional dikerjakan oleh berbagai lembaga seperti: LIPI, BPPT, Batan, dan Lembaga Penelitian di bawah Kementerian/Lembaga, serta perguruan tinggi. Kedepan, harapannya akan ditangani oleh satu badan yang disebut sebagai Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN).
Problematika Sertifikasi Mubaligh
Authors: Sofanudin Aji
Published: December 2020

Daftar 200 mubaligh yang dirilis Kementerian Agama menuai pro dan kontra di masyarakat. Tuntutan agar kebijakan rilis 200 mubaligh dicabut menguat. Menteri Agama tampak "kewalahan" menjelaskan ihwal kebijakan tersebut. Akhirnya, belum genap satu minggu kebijakan tersebut dikeluarkan, Kementerian Agama menyerahkan ihwal daftar 200 nama tersebut ke Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). Bola panas sertifikasi mubaligh saat ini ada di tangan MUI. KH Ma'ruf Amin menyatakan bahwa yang dibutuhkan sekarang adalah mubaligh yang bersertifikat, bukan sertifikasi mubaligh.
10.Orang Beriman seharusnya Menciptakan Keamanan
Authors: Sofanudin Aji
Published: December 2020

Kalau kita cermati kandungan Alquran maka salah satu yang kita temukan adalah bahwa Allah banyak bersumpah dengan menggunakan berbagai kata yang menunjukkan pada waktu-waktu tertentu. Misalnya, seperti wad dhuha (waktu dhuha), waal lail (demi waktu malam), wan nahar (demi waktu siang), wassubhi (demi waktu subuh), walfajri (demi waktu fajar), dan seterusnya. Beberapa contoh diantaranya: wallaili idza yaghsya (QS Al-Lail: 1), wannahari idza tajalla (QS Al-Lail: 2), wa an-nahari iza jallaha (QS Asy-Syam: 3), was subhi idza tanaffas (QS At-Taqwir:18), wal fajri (QS Al-Fajr: 1) wassubhi idza asfar (QS Mutaffifin: 83) dan masih banyak lagi. Bahkan salah satu surat dari 114 surat dalam Alquran ada surat tentang waktu/surat Al-Ashr. Ini menunjukkan bahwa Islam memberikan perhatian yang begitu besar tentang waktu yang merupakan bahan renungan dan perhatian bagi manusia.
PENGEMBANGAN AFEKSI SISWA MELALUI KURIKULUM ISLAM TERPADU PADA SMPIT AL USWAH SURABAYA
Authors: Muzayanah Umi
Published: December 2020

Kurikulum Islam terpadu yang banyak dikembangkan oleh SIT menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi masyarakat menengah. Hal ini dikarenakan SIT mampu membuktikan diri melalui kualitas pendidikan yang tidak hanya menekankan pada ranah kognitif saja, melainkan juga menitikberatkan pada kualitas afeksi keislaman siswa. Model pengembangan kurikulum Islam terpadu seyogyanya dapat diadopsi pula oleh sekolah-sekolah Islam non IT agar dapat bersama-sama mengembangkan dan memajukan pendidikan berbasis nilainilai Islam
Uma prova de que e^r é irracional
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Davi Santana
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo, trazemos uma demonstração de que o número e^r éirracional para qualquer r \in Q\{0}.
On the neglected role of hominin body-pocket use as means of addressing transport problems
Authors: Tennie Claudio
Published: December 2020

Body-pockets are areas afforded by bodies that can be used to hold and/or transport objects to solve transport problems. Several lines of evidence – from animals (such as apes) to modern humans – point toward the likely use of body-pockets by all hominins. Here we highlight the neglect in the literature of accounting for hominin body-pocket usage. We argue that it is likely that body-pockets were used – at least sometimes – by hominins, and that, specifically, bipedal hominin body-pocket usage would have included the use of armpit-pockets. Hominins would have, at least sometimes, held and/or transported objects such as artefacts, including stone artefacts. This is the body-pocket / armpit-pocket hypothesis. Additionally, and independently of the body-pocket hypothesis more generally, we speculate that body-pocket usage could have influenced also aspects of the forms of carried objects – indirectly (via selecting) and/or directly (via forming). Three mutually exclusive theoretical possibilities remain. Possibility 1 (i.e. the current status quo): Any hominin body-pocket influence on objects’ forms was absent – or never sufficiently large to have left any recognisable pattern today. Possibility 2: There was a hominin body-pocket influence on objects’ forms, and this influence – while perhaps small – was large enough, at least sometimes and/or in some cases, to be recognisable today. Possibility 3 (the body-pocket fitting hypothesis): There was a hominin body-pocket influence on objects’ forms, and this influence was so large that it best explains large or complete parts of these forms completely. In our manuscript we tentatively reject Possibility 3. As for the remaining possibilities, Possibility 1 currently proved more parsimonious than Possibility 2. While we present data that is consistent with Possibility 2, no strong evidence was found to support it – rendering it a speculative and weak hypothesis. We outline possible future examinations of the body-pocket fitting hypothesis, but we conclude that the current status quo (i.e. Possibility 1) regarding the sources of hominin artefact forms remains unchanged.
Darurat Pendidikan Agama Minoritas di Indonesia
Authors: Sofanudin Aji
Published: December 2020

Pelaksanaan pendidikan agama kelompok minoritas di Indonesia dalam kondisi darurat. Temuan Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Semarang tahun 2017 menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak satuan pendidikan yang tidak menyelenggarakan pendidikan agama sesuai dengan amanat Undang-undang. Amanat Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003, Pasal 12a menyebutkan: Setiap peserta didik pada setiap satuan pendidikan berhak mendapatkan pendidikan agama sesuai dengan agama yang dianutnya dan diajarkan oleh pendidik yang seagama.Faktanya, ditemukan beragam model pelaksanaan pendidikan agama; dari yang sesuai dengan amanat undang-undang sampai yang tidak sesuai.
The influence of orbital parameters on the North American Monsoon system during the Last Interglacial Period
Authors: Insel Nadja , Berkelhammer Max
Published: December 2020

The response of summer precipitation in the western U.S. to climate variability remains a subject of uncertainty. For example, paleoclimate records indicate the North American monsoon (NAM) was stronger and spatially more extensive during the Holocene, whereas recent modeling suggests a weakened NAM response to increasing temperatures. These illustrate diverging pictures of the NAM response to warming. Here, we examine summer precipitation in the southwestern U.S. related to Last Interglacial insolation forcing. Using a high-resolution climate model, we find that Eemian insolation forcing results in overall wetter conditions throughout most of the southwestern U.S, but significantly drier than present conditions over Arizona. The overall wetter conditions are associated with a northward shift of the anticyclonic circulation aloft and increased moisture in the lower and mid-troposphere during the Eemian. Increased advection of Gulf of Mexico moisture is responsible for increasing precipitation in New Mexico and the northern edges of the NAM region. Drier conditions over Arizona are likely related to reduced local convection associated with reduced vertical moisture transport. These results highlight the spatial complexity of the NAM response to increasing radiative forcing and allow a better understanding of monsoon dynamics and variability in response to a warming climate.
Long-term stability of computational parameters during approach-avoidance conflict in a transdiagnostic psychiatric patient sample
Authors: Smith Ryan , Kirlic Namik , Stewart Jennifer , Touthang James , Kuplicki Rayus , McDermott Timothy J. , Taylor Samuel , Khalsa Sahib S. , Paulus Martin P , Aupperle Robin
Published: December 2020

Maladaptive behavior during approach-avoidance conflict (AAC) is common to multiple psychiatric disorders. Using computational modeling, we previously reported that individuals with depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders (DEP/ANX; SUDs) exhibited differences in decision uncertainty and sensitivity to negative outcomes vs. reward (emotional conflict) relative to healthy controls (HCs). However, it remains unknown whether these computational parameters and group differences are stable over time. We analyzed 1-year follow-up data from a subset of the same participants (N=325) to assess parameter stability and relationships to other clinical and task measures. We assessed group differences in the entire sample as well as a subset matched for age and IQ across HCs (N=48), SUD (N=29), and DEP/ANX (N=121). We also assessed 2-3 week reliability in a separate sample of 30 HCs. Emotional conflict and decision uncertainty parameters showed moderate 1-year intra-class correlations (.52 and .46) and moderate to excellent correlations over the shorter period (.84 and .54). Similar to previous baseline findings, parameters correlated with multiple response time measures (ps<.001) and self-reported anxiety (r=.30, p<.001) and decision difficulty (r=.44, p<.001). Linear mixed effects analyses revealed that patients remained higher in decision uncertainty (SUDs, p = .009) and lower in emotional conflict (SUDs, p = .004, DEP/ANX, p = .02) relative to HCs. This computational modelling approach may therefore offer relatively stable markers of transdiagnostic psychopathology.
The influence of long-term memory on working memory: Age-differences in proactive facilitation and interference
Authors: Rhodes Stephen , Buchsbaum Bradley , Hasher Lynn
Published: December 2020

Prior learning can hinder subsequent memory, especially when there is conflict between old and new information. The ability to handle this proactive interference is an important source of differences in memory performance between younger and older participants. In younger participants, Oberauer et al. (2017) report evidence of proactive facilitation from previously learned information in a working memory task in the absence of proactive interference between long-term and working memory. In the present work we examine the generality of these findings to different stimulus materials and to older adults. Participants first learned image-word associations and then completed an image-word working memory task. Some pairs were the same as those initially learned, for which we expected facilitation relative to previously unencountered pairs. Other pairs were made up of previously learned elements in different combinations, for which we might expect interference. Younger and older participants showed similar levels of facilitation from previously learned associations relative to new pairs. In addition, older participants exhibited proactive interference from long-term to working memory, whereas younger participants exhibited facilitation, even for pairings that conflict with those learned earlier in the experiment. These findings confirm older adults' susceptibility to proactive interference and we discuss the theoretical implications of younger adults’ apparent immunity to interference.
Changes in work culture and workplace due to COVID19 crisis
Authors: Singh Gurmeet
Published: December 2020

Across the world when the deadly COVID-19 virus started spreading, severe health issues and death rates increased amongst thousands of people in a noticeably short period. The one and the only way to stop the transmission of the virus was to stop economic and social activities in the affected countries for an indefinite time. This research covers three main sections which are growing variations in work practices that have remained essential to stop the spread, including compulsory working from home, psychological and financial impacts that are noticeable in the aftermath of COVID-19, which includes idleness, mental illness, and dependence. Besides, the potential moderating factor of age is also examined. This research intends to deliver a consolidative methodology for studying the consequences of COVID-19 on work cultures and workplaces along with pinpointing issues for further work and understandings to advise solutions.
Self-Correction in Science: The Diagnostic and Integrative Motives for Replication
Authors: Peterson David , Panofsky Aaron
Published: December 2020

A series of failed replications and frauds have raised questions regarding self-correction in science. Metascientific activists have advocated policies that incentivize replications and make them more diagnostically potent. We argue that current debates, as well as research in the science and technology studies, have paid little heed to a key dimension of replication practice. Although it sometimes serves a diagnostic function, replication is commonly motivated by a practical desire to extend research interests. The resulting replication, which we label ‘integrative’, is characterized by a pragmatic flexibility toward protocols. The goal is to appropriate what is useful, not test for truth. Within many experimental cultures, however, integrative replications can produce replications of ambiguous diagnostic power. Based on interviews with 60 members of the Board of Reviewing Editors for the journal Science, we show how the interplay between the diagnostic and integrative motives for replication differs between fields and produces different cultures of replication. We offer six theses that aim to put science and technology studies and science activism into dialogue to show why effective reforms will need to confront issues of disciplinary difference.
Women's Approaches to Negotiation: The Role of Negotiation in the Gender Pay Gap
Authors: Arth Delaney
Published: December 2020

The gender pay gap has a long and well-documented history. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was passed in an attempt to combat this gap in wages between men and women, but as of 2019 women still on average earn less than 80% of what their male counterparts do. Countless factors contribute to this discrepancy, from gender norms to workplace culture to wage structure and so much more. Though there is a significant literature discussing the gender pay gap, the majority of it focuses on external barriers to equality, including but not limited to institutional inequality, social norms, and workplace discrimination. Fewer scholars have addressed the internalized barriers to equality in the workplace that women face—such as how gendered norms and expectations may affect workplace behaviors such as negotiating compensation packages. My project employs qualitative content coding and individual breakdown of semi-structured, in-depth interviews to investigate if, how, and why women’s approaches to negotiation may contribute to pay inequity in professional positions. My findings confirm a discrepancy in rates of negotiation between male and female respondents. They also suggest that divergences in the circumstances surrounding negotiations as well as in approaches to negotiation exist between men and women, and among workers with various levels of seniority. Finally, my findings in combination with existing literature suggest a link between negotiation and the gender pay gap.
राष्ट्रिय प्रारम्भिक कक्षा पढाइ कार्यक्रमप्रति शिक्षकहरूका प्रतिक्रिया Rashtriya Prarambhik Kakshya Padhai Karyamprati Shikshakharuka Pratikriya
Authors: भुसाल Bhusal केशव  Kshav
Published: December 2020

राष्ट्रिय प्रारम्भिक कक्षा पढाइ कार्यक्रम नेपालका आधारभूत तह (कक्षा १–३) का विद्यार्थीहरूको पढाइ क्षमता सुधारका लागि कार्यान्वयनमा ल्याइएको कार्यक्रम हो । यो कार्यक्रम विभिन्न चरणमा कार्यान्वयन हुँदै आएको पाइन्छ । साथै यसको शैक्षणिक प्रभावकारिता पनि निकै अपेक्षा गरिएको छ । यही वस्तुतालाई हृदयङ्गम गरी प्रस्तुत लेख तयार परिएको छ । विशेषतः प्रस्तुत लेख राष्ट्रिय प्रारम्भिक कक्षा पढाइ कार्यक्रमप्रति शिक्षकहरूका प्रतिक्रियाको अध्ययनमा आधारित रहेको छ । यस लेखमा राष्ट्रिय प्रारम्भिक कक्षा पढाइ कार्यक्रमको चिनारीसहित यसप्रति अध्यापनरत शिक्षकहरूका प्रतिक्रियाको अध्ययन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । राष्ट्रिय प्रारम्भिक कक्षा पढाइ कार्यक्रमको परिचय दिनु र यसप्रति अध्यापनरत शिक्षकहरूका प्रतिक्रियाहरूको अध्ययन गर्नु यस लेखका मूलभूत उद्देश्यका रूपमा रहेका छन् । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन मूलतः गुणात्मक अनुसन्धानमा आधारित रहेको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनका क्रममा भक्तपुर जिल्लामा अध्यापनरत शिक्षकहरूलाई नमुनाका रूपमा लिई अध्ययनका क्रममा आधारभूत तहमा अध्यापनरत उहाँहरूको प्रतिक्रिया लिइएको छ । यसका लागि खुला प्रश्नावलीको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा शिक्षकहरूबाट प्राप्त तथ्यहरूको सूक्ष्म समीक्षण गरिएको छ । साथै प्राप्त तथ्यहरूलाई व्याख्यात्मक एवम् विश्लेषणात्मक विधिका माध्यमबाट प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
The Influence of Vedanta Philosophy in the Poem “Life as a Kite”
Authors: Dhakal Bodha Raj
Published: December 2020

Article and Abstract in Nepali on full text.
Czarnobylska modlitwa. Kronika przyszłości Swietłany Aleksijewicz: konflikt postkatastroficznych narracji
Authors: Karonta Anna
Published: December 2020

Czarnobylska modlitwa. Kronika przyszłości Swietłany Aleksijewicz jest zbiorem narracji powstałych po wybuchu elektrowni jądrowejw Czarnobylu. Publikacja przedstawia posttraumatyczną rzeczywistość jako przestrzeń „niewyrażalną”, niedającą się wytłumaczyć lub opisać. Brak możliwości reprezentacji doświadczenia traumatycznego nie oznacza jednak popadnięcia w milczenie, lecz powoduje uruchamianie wyobraźni. Wywiady z ofiarami katastrofy przeprowadzone przez autorkę potwierdzają istnienie swoistego imaginarium zbiorowego, w którym snucie fantazji uruchamia m.in. metafizyczny dyskurs apokaliptyczny, a także powoduje estetyzację katastrofy lub ironizowanie jej. Powstanie tak różnych języków odzwierciedla możliwe sposoby odbierania posttraumatycznej rzeczywistości, tworzenie dyskursu postkatastroficznego. Katastrofa, tworząc zagrożenie, jednocześnie przyciąga, stanowi odrealniony obiekt pożądania, jest przerażająca i zarazem śmieszna.
To the 140th anniversary of the birth of the founder of gerontology and geriatrics V.G. Korenchevsky
Authors: Zalutskaya N. M. , Akimenko M. A.
Published: December 2020

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Citizen Characteristics, Neighbourhood Conditions, and Prior Contacts with the Police: A Comparative Study of Public Satisfaction with the Police
Authors: Dai Mengyan , Hu Xiaochen , Gu Feng
Published: December 2020

This study takes a comparative approach to examine public satisfaction with the police, focusing on three theoretical models: the demographic model, the neighbourhood conditions model, and the prior contacts with the police model. Using survey data collected from two mid-sized communities in the U.S. and Canada, this study analyzes the similarities and differences in the factors affecting satisfaction with the police with both statistical methods and random forests analysis. The statistical results suggest a great amount of similarity in the effects of theoretically relevant factors across the two samples. The random forests analysis further points to the consistent importance of age, quality of life, and education in predicting public satisfaction. In addition, both analyses find that the effects of age and quality of life are stronger for the sample in the U.S. than those for the sample in Canada. This study suggests that police departments in these jurisdictions could effectively improve satisfaction with the police by addressing quality of life issues in their communities and improving their relationship with younger citizens and citizens with lower levels of education through better interactions.
Spatial Patterns of Immigration and Property Crime in Vancouver: A Spatial Point Pattern Test
Authors: Ha Olivia K. , Andresen Martin A.
Published: December 2020

We empirically evaluate the distribution of spatial patterns at the census tract (CT) level for various immigration and property crime measures in Vancouver, British Columbia, 2003 and 2016, using a spatial point pattern test that identifies significant similarities, or otherwise, in the spatial patterns of (a) multiple measures of immigration, (b) various property crime classifications, and (c) immigration and crime patterns together. Results show local-level variations in the spatial concentration of immigration in Vancouver CTs. The use of multiple measures of immigration showed substantive variations of immigrant settlement at the local level. Moreover, results reveal that while immigrant concentration patterns are stable over time and, thus, demonstrate ecological stability, property crime patterns shift from year to year. The spatial analytic approach utilized in this study provides support for the use of local-level spatial models and the multidimensional operationalization of the immigration variable even when their correlations are high. There is heterogeneity among immigrant groups, an important yet often overlooked aspect in assessments of immigration effects on crime.
Epilogue: The Need for a New and Critical Democracy
Authors: Novak William J. , Sawyer Stephen W.
Published: December 2020

Democratic critiques of neoliberalism have been comparatively rare, and positive democratic rejoinders to the social and political ruins of neoliberalism have been rarer. The question thus presents itself – what would an overtly democratic critique of neoliberalism look like and, beyond critique, what would a constructive democratic response to neoliberalism entail?
Simmelian Elements in Raymond Boudon’s General Theory of Rationality
Authors: Robitaille Christian
Published: December 2020

Raymond Boudon (1934–2013) developed his own general theory of rationality as an extension and original synthesis of the work already provided by classical sociology and rational choice theory. To achieve this, he had to interpret and reinterpret many classical authors and schools of thought. One classical author that inspired Boudon’s theory was German sociologist Georg Simmel (1858–1918). The following article seeks to delineate the particular Simmelian influences that can be found in Raymond Boudon’s theoretical work.
Raymond Boudon et la sociologie américaine
Authors: Leroux Robert
Published: December 2020

Dès le début de sa carrière, Raymond Boudon s’intéresse à la sociologie américaine. Il admire notamment les travaux de Paul Lazarsfeld et Robert Merton, qui vont exercer sur lui une influence considérable. Ils ont le mérite à ses yeux de donner à la sociologie une forme scientifique rigoureuse. À l’Université Columbia, vers le milieu des années 1960, il se lie d’amitié avec des sociologues de sa génération comme James Coleman, Anthony Oberschall et d’autres. Après s’être consacré à l’étude de questions méthodologiques, il commence à s’intéresser à la théorie du choix rationnel, dont il explique les points forts et les points faibles. Sur cette base, il analyse en détail le travail de Mancur Olson. Cet article montre donc que la sociologie américaine amène Boudon à prendre ses distances vis-à-vis de la sociologie française qu’il jugeait trop verbeuse et insuffisamment scientifique.
Democratic Statecraft: Perspectives from an “Unsettled” Global South
Authors: Sola Lourdes , Whitehead Laurence
Published: December 2020

This paper focuses on major Emerging Market Democracies (EMDs), and their “statecrafting” options under the pressures of globalization, including the recent build-up of counter-currents culminating in the massive “sudden stop” of 2020. Even under the most adverse circumstances, these countries have never just been “rule-takers,” and their political economy trajectories always involve coalition-building and politically negotiated adaptation and reform.
The Problems of Democracy: Zhang Taiyan and the Federalist Moment in 1920s China
Authors: Hon Tze-ki , Chan Hok Yin
Published: December 2020

This essay discusses the problems of democracy by examining the writings of the Chinese thinker Zhang Taiyan (1868–1939). The goal of this essay is not to promote Zhang’s political philosophy as a panacea to the problems of democracy. Instead, it uses Zhang’s struggle with Chinese political problems to clarify the complex nature of democracy—its source of power, its modes of participation, and its institutions to channel the people’s voice. Focusing on Zhang’s attempts to balance three competing claims of democracy—the protection of the people’s rights, the expression of the people’s voice, and the prudent exercise of power in taking care of the citizens’ needs—this article elucidates a “Buddhist-Daoist” model of democracy that is different from the American model of local autonomy and the French model of a strong state.
Impacts sociaux mondiaux des stratégies de lutte contre la Covid-19
Authors: Petricone Francesco
Published: December 2020

La pandémie de la Covid-19 a gravement affecté une grande partie de la population mondiale. Elle a eu des effets néfastes sur les modes de vie, la santé, l’éducation et l’économie de nombreux pays et on estime que ce virus pourrait provoquer un million de décès dans le monde. L’enquête Mind the Queue ! (MdQ) a été menée de mars à mai 2020 dans le but de savoir dans quelle mesure la COVID-19 a impacté les sociétés de huit pays, de l’est à l’ouest du monde, huit pays représentant différentes formes gouvernementales et économiques : Cuba, Haïti, l’Irak, l’Italie, la Côte d’Ivoire, le Mexique, les États-Unis d’Amérique et le Venezuela. Les gouvernements de ces pays ont eu recours à des stratégies différentes, mais ces derniers temps, ces dernières apparaissent toutes très proches et similaires dans leur politique d’ aplatissement de la courbe, d’ arrêt et de verrouillage du virus, trois expressions qui sont devenues les mots de passe mondiaux à l’époque du coronavirus. Nous trouvons des preuves de baisses drastiques de la mobilité du virus à l’échelle fédérale ou locale avant l’adoption de toute décision à l’échelle de l’État. La recherche MdQ valorise la tension entre liberté et contrôle, entre libération et répression. Des exemples montrent des voies possibles d’intervention sociale, économique et politique.
Fiber optic flowmeter for ship information and measuring system
Authors:   National university ", Сандлер Альберт Кириллович ,   Odessa maritime academy",   / Национальный университет ",   Одесская морская академия", Карпилов Александр Юрьевич
Published: December 2020

The main requirements for flow meters are high accuracy, reliability, durability, resistance to aggressive media, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to output a signal in digital form. Most flowmeters that allow measuring mass flow are characterized by a very complex mechanical design and create a large hydrodynamic resistance to the flow. Fiber-optic flow meters undoubtedly have indisputable advantages and benefits: the absence of electric currents and voltages in the sensitive area of ​​the device, immunity to external electromagnetic influences, absolute environmental and fire and explosion safety. At the same time, until recently, no successful circuitry solutions in the field of fiber-optic flowmeters for monitoring flammable liquids were known. Thus, the development and research of a new vortex fiber-optic flowmeter is an urgent scientific and technical problem. Analysis of the designs of known flow meters made it possible to specify the requirements for a new circuit design of the measuring device. The proposed design of the flow meter differs in that the main and control are essentially the same fiber made of sapphire glass, coaxially to which the sensitive fiber is located. And also a thermocompensating bimetallic plate is introduced into the meter circuit. The developed measuring device will provide: compensation of the influence of uncontrolled operational and climatological factors on the measuring and additional channel; lack of additional mechanical fiber tensioners; protection of sensitive elements of the device; constancy of the geometry of the optical channel under the influence of uncontrolled operational factors; identity of the location of the main and additional channels with respect to the flow of the controlled liquid; increased sensitivity and accuracy of the device.
DECLINE OF LATERAL DISPLACEMENT OF SHIP AFTER A MANEUVER BY THE INPUT OF ADDITIONAL AMENDMENT OF THE COURSE
Authors:   National university ", Alekseychuk M. S. ,   Odessa maritime academy",   / Национальный университет ",   Одесская морская академия", Chapchay P. A. , Avramenko E.A.
Published: December 2020

In work is specified, that navigation safety of sailing to a great extent depends on the errors of the navigation measuring, and also from operating reliability of sensors of navigation information. It is also marked that descriptions of exactness of gyroscopic compass influence on navigation safety. Because sizes of his errors the requirements providing the set exactness of determination of azimuthal directions are produced. At maneuvering of ship there are inertia errors which cause appearance of lateral displacement of ship after his turn, that can lead to the navigation failure of ship. Therefore, there is the problem of decline of lateral relocation bias of ship which appears after his turn, that conduces to the decline of navigation accident rate. The analysis of the last achievements and publications is resulted in work, the decision of the considered problem and selection of parts unsolved before is begun in which. Within the framework of theory endless rapid maneuver, expression for total inertia deviation which depends on character of maneuver and breadth of sailing of ship is resulted in the publication. It is shown that transversal relocation bias of ship is an integral function in relation to the function of deviation and for estimation of its size analytical expression is resulted, which it is visible from, that transversal displacement also depends on speed of ship after a maneuver. It is marked in the publication, that transversal displacement is more complete description of exactness of gyrocompass on the protracted time domains, as it represents the consequences of influencing of maneuvering on a gyrocompass in the «smoothed» kind out. From these positions, obviously, that inertia deviation is the index of instantaneous exactness of gyrocompass. Two methods of decline of transversal displacement of ship are offered, thus for estimation of efficiency of the offered procedure of indemnification of lateral displacement of ship the computer program allowing to produce the calculation of the crooked dependence of total inertia error from time with the subsequent graphic reflection was developed. The program also expects and builds the graphs of dependence of lateral displacement without indemnification, total lateral displacement with partial indemnification and with complete indemnification. The results of computer graphic design are resulted, which it ensues from, that total inertia error and lateral without indemnification is multiplied displacements with growth of breadth, during partial indemnification total lateral displacement diminishes approximately in 5 times, and at the variable additional amendment of course lateral displacement of ship is absent.
COORDINATE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE GROUND SPEED OF THE VESSEL BY VECTORS AND DISPLACEMENT OF RELATIVE SPEEDS
Authors:   National university ", Siniuta K.O. ,   Odessa maritime academy",   / Национальный университет ",   Одесская морская академия"
Published: December 2020

During the movement of the vessel along the route there is a problem of observation of natural and man-made obstacles, which is solved by modernizing the management using enavigation. Intensification of the movement process is provided by increasing the number and frequency of observations according to static criteria. In this case, the methods of graphical and analytical calculation of the path are the basis of navigation, forcing a return to the local criterion, which reflects the full physical nature of the process. The calculation of the vessel's path on the route is carried out according to the rule of the polygon, the sides of which are the vectors of the speed of the path, the vessel and perturbations (wind, waves, current). The main problem is the accuracy of determining the magnitude of the perturbation vector. The inaccuracy of the definition leads to the extension of the vessel's path, which contributes to energy and financial losses for transport support and maintenance of the vessel. The aim of the study is to create a reliable, fast and accurate (innovative) way to determine the characteristics of rectilinear gradual uniform motion of the vessel, which features three speed vectors: perturbation, relative and absolute velocities. The object of study was the process of ship movement, and the subject - the elements (parameters) of movement. The article determines the forecast parameters with a minimum of a priori information at the beginning of the vessel: the sequence of determining the angles of the speed triangle is determined, the sides (modules) of the speed triangle are determined, the order of determining the coordinates of the vertices of the velocity triangle is established. This allows to solve more complex problems of graph-analytical and mechatronic calculus and observation of translational and rotational motion of the vessel along the route and to improve control to reduce risk on the course of disturbances in "big" real time, with variable intervals of observations, approaching invariant and robust control. The advantage of the coordinate method is to solve the problem of determining the parameters of vectors by methods of analytical geometry more accurate, proven and simple in comparison with empirical dependencies, as well as geometric constructions
CALCULATION OF VOYAGE CARGO PLAN OF CONTAINERSHIP
Authors:   National university ", Tsimbal M. N. ,   Odessa maritime academy",   / Национальный университет ",   Одесская морская академия"
Published: December 2020

The questions of drafting of cargo plan of containership on a voyage are considered in work, duting of which the reception and unloading of parties of containers is produced in a few ports. Forming of loading of the ship «Sky Gemini », which can adopt containers in eight holds and on their lids is considered. Placing of containers can be produced in 16 cargo apartments, thus in each of cargo apartment it is possible to place 192 twenty foot container. The voyage of ship with arrival in five ports is considered in the article, thus in the first port the complete loading of ship is produced 3072 containers, gross weight of which makes 45000 т. A load consists of three parties which are addressed accordingly in fifth, fourth and second ports. In the second port the second party and ship unloads with two remaining parties follows in the third port, where fourth party of containers for fourth port is loaded. Unloading of the third and fourth parties is produced in fourth port, and a ship with the unique first party accomplishes transition in the last fifth port. As a result of every loading of parties of containers list of ship must be in limits from 0 to -2,0 м. List, which placing of containers, suiting longitudinal durability, corresponds to, gets out from the indicated interval. Therefore, for every party of loading it is necessary to find the scope values of static moments which provide list of ship accordingly 0 and -2,0 м. The results of imitation design of four loads of ship are represented. As the conducted imitation design showed, the computer program formed the loads of ship, the feature of which there is their admission on the requirements of his landing, stability and general longitudinal durability. Minimization of forces of inertia at tossing of ship during transition is attained by the order of piling of containers in every tier: containers with greater mass are disposed nearer to the diametric plane of ship. In the imitation program is present module of estimation of parameters of landing, stability and longitudinal durability of the ship «Sky Gemini», using his hydrostatical tables and information about durability. Taking into account distributing of weight of containers of parties of loading, the criteria of nautical safety of ship, which are represented as the diagram of static stability, shire forces and bending moments, settle accounts by the program.