bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Factors Contributing to Nurses’ Intention to Care for COVID-19 Patients Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: A. Aljohani Khalid , S. Aljohani Mohammad , Jocelyn B. Natividad Maria , Reinald B. Gracia Paul , I. Qazanli Ibtehal
Published: December 2021

Background: Globally, the nursing community has lost several colleagues during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) battle. One of the negative consequences of the disease is the pressure on healthcare services and demands that exceed the system's capacity to provide sufficient resources. Similarly, the experiences of care providers might trigger emotional and physical stress, which could affect the healthcare system's readiness to manage infectious outbreaks. This study was aimed at investigating nurses’ intention to care for COVID-19 patients and determining factors contributing to their intentions to care at the Ministry of Health facilities in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used to recruit 336 nurses working in Al Madinah Ministry of Health hospitals where COVID-19 patients received medical and nursing care. The instrument was created following the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior.
Results: Nurses’ intention to care for COVID-19 patients was significantly correlated with their education level, nationality, knowledge about COVID-19, and nurses’ exposure during their earlier education for emerging infectious diseases. Factors related to social pressure from friends, colleagues, and workplace administration support needed improvement.  Examining the model fits through multiple regression revealed that the combination of six subscales – “attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs” – accounted for a significant (89%) variability of intention to care, R2 = 0.892, adjusted R2 = 0.793, F (6-329) = 201, p ≤ 0.000.
Conclusion: Providing nursing education is the main predictor of higher nurses' intention to care for COVID-19 patients, it is imperative that nursing education courses should continue investing in enhancing nurses' capabilities in caring for COVID-19 patients.
METHOD OF EXCITATION OF QUASI LONGITUDINAL ACOUSTIC WAVES IN LAYERED STRUCTURES
Authors: Olikh Ya. M. , Belyaev O. E. , Lepikh Ya. I.
Published: December 2021

The analysis of methodological possibilities of excitation of quasi-longitudinal (QL) acoustic waves of the megahertz frequency range in layered structures GaN-on-sapphire is studied and carried out. Volume-type transducers polarized by plate thickness are used to generate and detect QL waves. It is concluded that quasilongitudinal modes (QL) can be excited by this method – the so-called Anisimkin (AN) waves, for which the displacement plane is localized in the film plane and the displacement direction is directed along the wave vector.
PORTABLE SEISMIC SYSTEMS (OVERVIEW)
Authors: Fastykovsky P. P. , Lepikh Ya. I.
Published: December 2021

The review presents a survey of the current state of development of portable (transportable) guard and reconnaissance-signaling seismic systems. The features of application and advantages of such systems over stationary are shown, the general trends in the design of the portable guard and reconnaissance-signaling systems are to described. Their main design features and characteristics serially produced for civilian and military use are given.
Observe duas vezes antes de responder
Authors: Endemann Peter
Published: December 2021

A aquisição da discriminação envolve relações entrelaçadas de controle entre as respostas de observação e as respostas discriminadas. Problemas na discriminação podem estar relacionados à observação ineficiente e ao controle de respostas indiscriminadas por estímulos irrelevantes à discriminação. O objetivo metodológico do experimento foi estender o processo de aquisição para análise das relações de controle por estímulos irrelevantes e relevantes sobre respostas indiscriminadas e discriminadas. O processo foi repetido em uma sequência de três discriminações simultâneas para análise dos desempenhos. Os estímulos foram manipulados em três diferentes regiões de um arranjo complexo ao longo das discriminações. Foram registradas as respostas de escolha dos estímulos e as respostas de observação visuais, por meio de um equipamento de rastreamento dos movimentos oculares. O desempenho ‘observar antes de responder’ foi examinado em condições de reforçamento não-diferencial e extinção de respostas indiscriminadas sob controle de estímulos irrelevantes. A redução gradual de respostas indiscriminadas ao longo das discriminações ocorreu concomitante ao controle da observação e de respostas funcionalmente equivalentes (e.g., de busca, de comparação) na presença de estímulos.
Intercâmbio intelectual, formação de professores e programas escolares: Alda Lodi, expert
Authors: Rocha Ana Cristina Santos Matos
Published: December 2021

Este artigo procura examinar a trajetória de Alda Lodi, enfocando o modo como sua atuação, no campo do ensino de matemática, consolidou seu papel de expert da educação em Minas Gerais. Formada na Escola Normal de Belo Horizonte, Lodi viajou aos Estados Unidos em 1927 como parte de uma missão pedagógica vinculada à reforma Francisco Campos. Sua viagem de estudos ao Teachers College funcionou como elemento de ascensão profissional, ao mesmo tempo em que fundamentou as discussões que ela desenvolveu com as professoras-alunas da Escola de Aperfeiçoamento de Belo Horizonte, onde foi professora de Metodologia da Aritmética. Neste artigo, procuramos explorar suas contribuições para o ensino de matemática a partir dos programas de Aritmética e Geometria do ensino primário – escritos por ela para a Secretaria de Educação de Minas Gerais entre os anos de 1941 e 1953. Com isso, procuramos contribuir para os estudos que investigam o papel que os experts desempenharam na sistematização de saberes a e para ensinar matemática no Brasil.Cultural exchange, teacher training and school programs: Alda Lodi, expertThis article aims to examine Alda Lodi’s career, focused on the way her work in the field of mathematics education helped to place her as an education expert in Minas Gerais. Alda Lodi graduated at the Belo Horizonte Normal School in 1915. In 1927, she travelled to the United States to study education as part of a pedagogical mission organized by Francisco Campos, who was reforming the education system of Minas Gerais state. Her time at the Teachers College, Columbia University was very important to her career. It also played a central role in the discussions developed by her at the Escola de Aperfeiçoamento de Belo Horizonte (Belo Horizonte Teacher Training School, in free translation), in the field of Methodology of Arithmetic. In this article we are going to explore her contributions to the teaching of mathematics using two Arithmetic and Geometry programs she wrote between the 1940’s and 1950’s for the Minas Gerais Department of Education. Thus, we aim to contribute to the studies that deal with the role played by experts in the systematization of the knowledge to teach and for teaching in the field of mathematics education in Brazil.Keywords: History of mathematics education; Alda Lodi; Experts; Teaching programs.
ORGANIZAÇÃO DOCUMENTAL PARA DISSEMINAÇÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO: a construção de um tesauro experimental sobre os crustáceos usados na culinária alagoana = DOCUMENTAL ORGANIZATION FOR INFORMATION DISSEMINATION: the construction of an experimental thesaurus on the crustaceans used in Alagoas cuisine
Authors: Santos Paulo Daniel Marcos dos , Magalhães Daiana da Conceição Alves de , Araujo Nelma Camêlo de
Published: December 2021

O tesauro é um método de esquema de listagem que funciona como instrumento de organização documental onde as palavras apresentam relação semântica dentro de um assunto/tema específico, e essa relação é estabelecida hierarquicamente por meio de descritores que estabelecem padrão e maior especificidade do tema trabalhado, a partir do tema escolhido “Crustáceos utilizados na culinária alagoana”. Durante a produção do presente artigo, tornou-se perceptível que a literatura acerca do tema frutos do mar no litoral alagoano não se encontra disposta de modo organizado, logo, foi constatado que o tema seria conveniente para elaboração deste tesauro experimental. Com base nas instruções do sistema Tesauro foi possível analisar, recuperar e indexar a informação, tornando o resgate desse tema disponível como um registro documental padronizado contribuindo para outros pesquisadores/estudiosos que demonstrem interesse na temática, seja pelo tema crustáceos ou pela estruturação.ABSTRACTThe thesaurus is a method of listing scheme that works as an instrument of document organization where words have a semantic relationship within a specific subject/theme, and this relationship is established hierarchically through descriptors that establish a pattern and greater specificity of the theme being worked on, from the chosen theme “Crustaceans used in Alagoas cuisine”. During the production of this article, it became noticeable that the literature on the theme of seafood on the coast of Alagoas is not arranged in an organized way, so it was found that the topic would be convenient for the elaboration of this experimental thesaurus. Based on the instructions of the Thesaurus system, it was possible to analyse, retrieve and index the information, making the rescue of this theme available as a standardized documental record, contributing to other researchers/scholars who show interest in the theme, whether by the theme of crustaceans or by structuring.
O USO DA EDUCAÇÃO MIDIÁTICA PELAS BIBLIOTECAS UNIVERSITÁRIAS EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19: um relato de experiência na região norte do Brasil = THE USE OF MEDIA EDUCATION BY UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN TIMES OF COVID-19: an experience report in the Northern region of Brazil
Authors: Santos Hellinton Staevie dos , Ferreira Manuella Marinho
Published: December 2021

Ao longo das últimas duas décadas do século XXI, as bibliotecas universitárias têm enfrentado um grande desafio: alinhar o suporte tradicional da informação às inovações tecnológicas voltadas para o ensino e aprendizagem. Isso se torna bastante evidente no contexto da pandemia do coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19), que obrigou as unidades de informação a repensarem ainda mais a forma de gestão e oferta de seus produtos em ambientes virtuais. Em razão das restrições impostas, as bibliotecas passaram a investir maciçamente em treinamentos, webinar (webconferências) e eventos on-line, tais como: seminários, congressos e oficinas. O objetivo geral direcionou-se a descrever a utilização de educação midiática pelas Bibliotecas Universitárias da UFRR e da UFAM. Para a consecução deste trabalho adotou-se uma pesquisa caracterizada como um estudo de caso, além de abordagens de caráter descritivo e qualitativo, com fito de estabelecer a correlação da qualidade informacional e dos serviços fornecidos. Propõe-se que os estudos, objetos deste trabalho, tenham prosseguimento, produzindo ações e conhecimentos novos.AbstractOver the last two decades of the 21st century, university libraries have faced a major challenge: to align the traditional support of information with technological innovations aimed at teaching and learning. This becomes quite evident in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic, which forced information units to further rethink the way they manage and offer their products in virtual environments. Due to the restrictions imposed, libraries started to invest massively in training, webinars (web conferences) and online events, such as: seminars, congresses and workshops. The general objective was aimed at describing the use of media education by the University Libraries of UFRR and UFAM. In order to carry out this work, a research characterized as a case study was adopted, in addition to descriptive and qualitative approaches, with the aim of establishing the correlation between the informational quality and the services provided. It is proposed that the studies, objects of this work, continue, producing new actions and knowledge.
APONTAMENTOS SOBRE POTENCIAIS RELAÇÕES ENTRE DESINFORMAÇÃO, COMPORTAMENTO E PRÁTICAS INFORMACIONAIS
Authors: Acquolini Nicole Tirello , Sousa Rodrigo Silva Caxias de
Published: December 2021

Ensaio que discute relações estabelecidas e potencialidades entre os conceitos de pós-verdade e desinformação no âmbito dos estudos de comportamentos e práticas informacionais que se efetivam na web, tendo como referência o paradigma social da Ciência da Informação. Assim, com o propósito de facilitar a compreensão e contribuir em relação à suplementaridade e convergência desses conceitos quanto abordagens de estudos de usuários, neste ensaio elencamos as distinções dos desdobramentos conceituais do termo desinformação e os tensionamentos potencializadores de estudos futuros. As reflexões permitem afirmar que a desinformação se consagra como cerne para a compreensão dos fenômenos informacionais no contexto do capitalismo cognitivo, através de comportamentos e práticas informacionais que instrumentalizam e deturpam os processos de comunicação até então consolidados.AbstractThis essay discusses established relations and potentialities between the concepts of post-truth and misinformation in the context of studies of informational behaviors and practices that take place on the web, having as reference the social paradigm of Information Science. Thus, with the purpose of facilitating the understanding and contributing in relation to the supplementarity and convergence of these concepts as approaches to user studies, we list the distinctions of the conceptual unfoldings of the term misinformation and the potential tensioning of future studies. The reflections allow us to affirm that misinformation is consecrated as the core for the understanding of informational phenomena in the context of cognitive capitalism, through informational behaviors and practices that instrumentalize and distort the communication processes consolidated until then.
РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ПРОФИЛЬ ТРУДОВОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА (в печати)
Authors: Клемашева Елена Игоревна , Иванкина Любовь Ивановна , Таран Екатерина Александровна , Кашапова Эльмира Рамисовна , Касати Фабио
Published: December 2021

В статье проанализирована на региональном уровне структура трудовой занятости людей пожилого возраста. В меняющихся объективных (достижение пенсионного возраста) и субъективных (переживание перехода в новый статус и принятие новых социально-ролевых функций) условиях структурирования жизнедеятельности меняется и трудовая занятость людей старшего поколения. Цель исследования. Авторы обращаются к выявлению позиций относительно мотивации вовлеченности в трудовую деятельность на предпенсионном этапе и после выхода на пенсию. Методы исследования. Эмпирической базой исследования служат данные общественного мнения, полученные в ходе социологических опросов, проведенных с 2015 по 2019 гг. в г. Томске и Томской области сотрудниками Международной научно-образовательной лаборатории технологий улучшения благополучия пожилых людей при Томской политехническом университете. Основные результаты социологического измерения получены с использованием статистического пакета SPSS-26. Результаты и выводы. На основе аналитического обобщения результатов полевых исследований выявлены характеристики трудовой активности, проведена типология и составлен профиль трудового поведения населения старшего возраста Томской области в контексте доходного неравенства. Выделено четыре типа трудового поведения, показатели, их характеризующие, субъективные и объективные факторы. Сделан вывод о необходимости выстраивать новую модель жизненного пути, в которой пожилой человек находился бы не на положении иждивенца, а рассматривался как самостоятельный, активный член общества, на что ориентированы международная программа активного долголетия и программа по реализации стратегий действий в интересах граждан пожилого возраста в РФ до 2025 г. Полученные результаты позволяют выделить институциональные условия вовлечения людей старшего возраста в социально-экономическую систему. Делается вывод, что для этого необходимо обеспечить экономическую независимость пожилого человека за счет создания условий для продления трудовой жизни в соответствии с желанием и способностью к продолжению активной трудовой деятельности, а также за счет накопления в течение трудовой жизни капитала, обеспечивающего высокий доход после ухода из сферы трудовой занятости, что будет способствовать повышению жизнестойкости пожилого человека и сглаживанию неравенства.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ПРАКТИК ОТВЕТСТВЕННОГО ОТЦОВСТВА В ДЕВИАНТНЫЕ ФОРМЫ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ (в печати)
Authors: Карпова Анна Юрьевна , Савельев Алексей Олегович , Кузнецов Сергей Анатольевич
Published: December 2021

Изучение социальных практик ответственного отцовства актуализируется в настоящее время в контексте трансформации института отцовства. Особое внимание исследователей направлено на социальное конструирование ответственного отцовства в медиа пространстве – профильных социальных сетях сообществ. Проблема в том, что внутри отцовских сообществ в социальных сетях появляются маркеры радикальных мнений, идей, которые по сути являются предиктором перехода к девиантным формам социальной активности и деструктивным практикам. Цель исследования – оценка семантического сходства и перекрестных связей между сообществами «Союза отцов» и «Совета отцов» и сообществами с признаками радикализации. Методы исследования: контент анализ, web mining. По результатам исследования обозначено наличие устойчивой связи тематического и семантического сходства между отдельными сообществами «отцов» и «пролайферов». Отмечаются признаки трансформации социальных практик ответственного отцовства в девиантные формы социальной активности. Подчеркивается, что применение разнообразных методов web mining повышает возможность оценить влияние радикальных мнений и идей в онлайн среде, соответственно, возрастает возможность предупреждения и предотвращения такой формы социальной активности в сообществах ответственных отцов как распространение радикальной идеологии. В заключении, обозначены направления будущих исследований.
Sociological support of strategic management of the development of regions and municipalities of Russia: collection of articles
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gorshkov Mikhail K.
Published: December 2021

Раскрывается роль региональной социологии в изучении поведенческих практик и массового сознания людей как представителей региональных и местных сообществ. Подчеркивается важность использования имеющегося потенциала социологии для научного обеспечения стратегического управления развитием регионов и муниципальных образований. Поднимается проблема использования социологических данных органами власти.
PENGARUH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, ROA, LEVERAGE, SIZE TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK
Authors: Rahayu Della Dwi , Wahjudi Eko
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of corporate social responsibility, ROA, Leverage, and Size on tax aggressiveness which is proxied by effective tax rate. This research uses a purposive sampling method by setting several criteria and uses secondary data, namely data on manufactured companies listed in IDX on period 2019 and uses time series data. All of population research is 189 companies and getting sample results of 33 companies, data is obtained through access to the official IDX and NCSR websites, this research uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the research showed significant and positive effect results between the economic, environmental, social dimensions of CSR on tax aggressiveness, variable ROA, and size also showed significant and positive effect results on tax aggressiveness, while the result of leverage on tax aggressiveness is showed significant and negative effect.Keywords: CSR, Leverage, ROA, Size, Tax Aggressiveness.

ABSTRACTTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh corporate social responsibility, ROA, Leverage, dan Size terhadap agresivitas pajak yang diproksikan dengan tarif pajak efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan menetapkan beberapa kriteria dan menggunakan data sekunder yaitu data perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2019 dan menggunakan data time series. Populasi penelitian seluruhnya adalah 189 perusahaan dan mendapatkan hasil sampel sebanyak 33 perusahaan, data diperoleh melalui akses website resmi BEI dan KNKT, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif antara dimensi ekonomi, lingkungan, sosial CSR terhadap agresivitas pajak, variabel ROA, dan ukuran juga menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dan positif terhadap agresivitas pajak, sedangkan hasil leverage terhadap agresivitas pajak adalah menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan dan negatif.Kata kunci: Agresivitas Pajak, CSR, Leverage, ROA, Ukuran
Izolacja a obóz koncentracyjny. Prolegomena
Authors: Kurek Arkadiusz
Published: December 2021

Everyone is created to live in a herd, a group of people with whom they build a community. The community may be the family home, friends, acquaintances from work, the backyard or eventhe street. We feel better when we meet other people. When modern man speaks of isolation, he thinks only of closing himself off at home, peace and quiet, lack of contact with his family or going off into the unknown. He does not think of the forced isolation that prevailed among people in wartime. It determined everyday life, changed people’s values and dehumanised them. The worst was the camp isolation, which took people by surprise. No one expected that someone could deprive people of their lives, away from family and friends. Isolation can be divided into sectors: internal and external. With time it is possible to get out of it. A person’s attitude and the presence of other helpful people can help. People in the camp escaped isolation in different ways. The longing for love, the touch of another human being, tenderness and a smile had different faces. One of the themes of camp life was children going to slaughter. They did not realise that they would disappear from the face of the earth together with their parents. Smiling, carefree children were not afraid of anything, they felt no fear or exclusion. International cooperation was the order of the day in many camps. Although the women did not know the language, they used gestures, similar expressions. Each of the women prisoners sensed their fate and therefore needed each other’s help. No matter what country the prisoners came from, no matter what part of Europe, they all fought to survive. For many of them the camp became a home, where relationships proved beneficial. The escape from camp “happiness” was all-day work outside the camp. Prisoners would go out on purpose to do hard work in the fi elds, digging pits, in order not to see what was going on in the camp. The variety of isolation is beyond comparison. It is possible to live in isolation, to have contact with others, but to be well aware that one day normality will return. The people in the camp also had hope, but they knew that this hope could end rather quickly for them — in the crematorium.
Zakres ochrony nazwiska jako znaku towarowego względem interesu powszechnego w prawie Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Bernatowicz Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

Nazwisko jest częstym przedmiotem rejestracji jako znak towarowy. Wraz z rejestracją nazwiska jako znaku uprawniony podmiot zyskuje co do zasady prawo wyłączności jego używania w obrocie handlowym. Jednocześnie jednak nazwisko jest elementem domeny publicznej, która wyraża interes powszechny w prawie znaków towarowych. Ochrona domeny publicznej jest jednym z istotnych i współczesnych problemów w prawie znaków towarowych Unii Europejskiej. Konieczność adekwatnego zabezpieczenia interesu powszechnego postuluje między innymi Światowa Organizacja Własności Intelektualnej. Ustawodawca unijny przyjął wprawdzie szeroki model ochrony domeny publicznej. Nadal jednak można wskazać praktyczne przykłady niewystarczającej ochrony interesu powszechnego względem szerokiego zakresu uprawnień właściciela znaku. Jednym z nich jest właśnie rejestracja znaku towarowego obejmującego nazwisko. Artykuł ma na celu podkreślenie konieczności adekwatnego zabezpieczenia interesu powszechnego w ramach rejestracji nazwisk, a także ocenę regulacji przyjętej w tym zakresie w prawie Unii Europejskiej.
„Sprawa cywilna i handlowa” a „sprawa upadłościowa” w prawie Unii Europejskiej. Kilka refleksji
Authors: Guzewicz Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

Unia Europejska rozwija współpracę sądową w sprawach cywilnych o zasięgu transgranicznym. Autonomiczność unijnego porządku prawnego oraz różnorodność systemów prawnych państw członkowskich stanowią wyzwania w interpretacji pojęć prawa unijnego. Termin „sprawa cywilna i handlowa” zawarty jest w ponadnarodowych aktach prawnych związanych z obszarem jurysdykcji, uznawania i wykonywania orzeczeń. W trakcie procesu wykładni sądowej Trybunał Sprawiedliwości zastosował reguły jednolitej wykładni i wydobył ponadnarodowe znaczenie pojęcia „sprawa cywilna i handlowa”. Praktyka orzecznicza pokazuje jednak, że interpretacja nie odbywa się w całkowitym oderwaniu od przepisów porządków krajowych. Wpływ regulacji krajowych zauważalny jest szczególnie przy interpretacji wyjątku „upadłości, układy i inne postępowania”. Zakres obydwu pojęć został poddany analizie.
Okazanie w polskiej praktyce śledczej. Problemy systemowe
Authors: Herbowski Piotr
Published: December 2021

Okazanie jest jedną z najważniejszych i najczęściej przeprowadzanych czynności procesowych służących identyfi kacji sprawców przestępstw w polskiej praktyce śledczej. Jest ono dotknięte jednak poważnymi uchybieniami na etapie organizacji i w trakcie oceny jej wyników. Celem tego artykułu jest wskazanie źródeł tych problemów, które mają w dużej mierze charakter systemowy i wymagają pilnej zmiany. Realizacja przedstawionych postulatów służyłaby niewątpliwie ochronie niesłusznie oskarżonych przed wpływem fałszywych identyfi kacji. W przypadku okazania nabiera to szczególnego znaczenia, gdyż błędne rozpoznanie przez świadków jest główną przyczyną pomyłek sądowych.
Wykładnia literalna przepisów prawa a „trendy w orzecznictwie” sądów administracyjnych na przykładzie uprawnienia do świadczenia pielęgnacyjnego dla osób z ustalonym prawem do emerytury
Authors: Kapusta Monika
Published: December 2021

Z wykładni literalnej przepisów art. 17 ust. 5 pkt 1 lit. a ustawy o świadczeniach rodzinnych wynika, że ustalone prawo do emerytury stanowi przesłankę negatywną przyznania świadczenia pielęgnacyjnego. Można przyjąć, że do 2018 roku zarówno organy administracji, jak i sądy administracyjne odmawiały przyznania świadczenia pielęgnacyjnego emerytom, którzy o nie wnioskowali. Od 2019 roku zaczęły się jednak kształtować nowe linie orzecznicze (zwane też trendami), które wbrew brzmieniu przepisów ustawy o świadczeniach rodzinnych dopuszczają rozwiązania w postaci przyznania świadczenia kompensacyjnego (to jest świadczenia pielęgnacyjnego pomniejszonego o wysokość emerytury) albo wyboru świadczenia. Rozwiązania te nie zostały przewidziane w przepisach ustawy, co stawia pod znakiem zapytania zarówno znaczenie wykładni literalnej, jak i zasady pewności prawa.
Legitymacja organów spółki oraz ich członków do zaskarżania uchwał zgromadzeń spółek kapitałowych
Authors: Łazarewicz Sylwia
Published: December 2021

Ustawodawca przyznał legitymację do zaskarżania uchwał wspólników zarówno organom spółek kapitałowych, jak i ich poszczególnym członkom. Kodeks spółek handlowych nieprecyzuje jednak ani zasad wniesienia powództwa przez zarząd, radę dyrektorów, radę nadzorczą lub komisję rewizyjną, ani kręgu uprawnionych członków tych gremiów. Głównym celem artykułujest ustalenie, kiedy wygasa uprawnienie członków organów spółek kapitałowych do zaskarżenia uchwał wspólników. Wzgląd na ratio legis analizowanych przepisów nakazuje przyjąć, że członekorganu zachowuje prawo do popierania powództwa choćby po wniesieniu pozwu utracił swój status. Za niezapewniające właściwego poziomu ochrony należy uznać również stanowisko SąduNajwyższego odmawiające byłemu członkowi organu spółki legitymacji do zaskarżenia uchwały o jego odwołaniu oraz uchwały o nieudzieleniu mu absolutorium.
Understanding Rivalry: Staging Jealousy in Karnad’s “Broken Images”
Authors: Varghese Nithin , Sigroha Suman
Published: December 2021

Acclaimed Kannada and English playwright, Girish Karnad’s play Broken Images focuses on human relationships and their intricacies, as well as on the relationship between languages. Outwardly, it addresses the sibling relationship and focuses on its destructive side. However, on a close reading, this monologue unfolds a series of diverse human relationships, viz., the relationship of the two sisters, Manjula and Malini; the husband-wife relationship between Manjula and Pramod; the camaraderie of Pramod and Malini; the friendship between Pramod and Lucy; and the amity between Lucy and Manjula. Besides these personal relationships, the play deals with and explores at length another important relationship, the one between two languages, one regional and one global, the legacy of the erstwhile colonizers. The relationship between Manjula and Malini acts as a metaphor for the mismatch and the hierarchy between regional language writers and Indian English writers on the Indian literary scene. This paper, therefore, examines the aforementioned human relationships in the play to reveal the motives behind the enmity and the causes which lead to sinful actions that remain invisible at all times, and in the process comments upon the relationship between diﬀerent language writers, as well as what leads to the formation of existing hierarchies. First, the paper investigates the sororal bond between Manjula and Malini; second, it examines the tripartite relationships and how the third party is perceived as a rival in the relationships of Manjula-Lucy-Pramod and Manjula-Malini-Pramod; and ﬁnally, it looks at the relationship that exists between the Bhasha writers and Indian English writers, and exposes the enmity in these relationships and its various causes.
“Appropriate” Meanings and American Traits in Webster’s 1828 Dictionary
Authors: Meirelles Virginia
Published: December 2021

During the eighteenth century, many philosophers were attempting to determine the origin of language and to develop a universal theory of linguistics, but a debate at the Prussian Royal Academy questioned the endeavour by claiming that languages have diﬀerent origins and that it is impossible to explain the progress of human thought by studying them because national languages inﬂuence the way their speakers see the world. In answer to that, Webster proposes that all modern languages have a common divine origin and that the universal truth could be accessed by studying etymology. He claims that words have an “absolute” signiﬁcance, which, due to the development of the diﬀerent languages, assumed meanings that are “appropriate” to each individual language. This article proposes that nationalism in the American Dictionary of the English Language is not represented by a substantial number of Americanisms, but by giving “appropriate” meaning that evidences how “absolute” signiﬁcances evolved and came to characterize the United States. The article provides evidence to support that Webster’s lexicographic contribution is constituted by the new organization he gives to the entries and by deﬁnitions that show how old terms came to represent new concepts when compared to those in Samuel Johnson’s dictionary.
Nebuchadnezzar’s Mind and Memory in the Old English “Daniel”
Authors: Olesiejko Jacek
Published: December 2021

As Mary Carruthers observes in her seminal Book of Memory, the cultivation of memory was considered a mark of superior ethics in the Middle Ages. She claims, for example, that “the choice to train one’s memory or not, for the ancients and medievals, was not a choice dictated by convenience: it was a matter of ethics. A person without a memory, if such a thing could be, is a person without moral character and, in a basic sense, without humanity” (Carruthers 14). In the present article, which aims to discuss the Old English biblical paraphrase Daniel, I argue that memory plays an important, if not essential, role in Nebuchadnezzar’s conversion. The poet expands on the biblical source, the Old Testament Book of Daniel, to depict the Babylonian king as commencing a process of rectiﬁcation of the self by incorporating and internalizing the word of God, mediated in the poem by Daniel the prophet, as part of his self.
Polecenia zawarte w instrukcjach badań logopedycznych w kontekście naturalności komunikacyjnej
Authors: Skowronek Jolanta
Published: December 2021

Dołączone do gotowych narzędzi diagnostycznych podręczniki i instrukcje wskazują, jak formułować polecenia, by we właściwy sposób przeprowadzić badanie dziecka. Niestety, wielokrotnie okazuje się to niewystarczające do tego, by dzieci swobodnie weszły w interakcję z diagnostą. Stylistyka poleceń zawartych w testach jest bowiem dalece odmienna od cech dziecięcego języka i komunikacji dziecięcej. W artykule zostały przeanalizowane polecenia Całościowego badania logopedycznego Danuty Emiluty-Rozyi oraz Kart Oceny Logopedycznej Dziecka Joanny Gruby w kontekście naturalności komunikacyjnej. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na brak cech oralności w pierwszym narzędziu i nagromadzenie cech języka mówionego w teście KOLD.
Medialny obraz pielgrzymek Jana Pawła II do Polski w latach osiemdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku na łamach „Tygodnika Mazowsze”
Authors: Wróblewski Roman
Published: December 2021

W artykule przedstawiono rekonstrukcję obrazu medialnego dwóch pielgrzymek Jana Pawła II do Polski w latach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku. Materiałem były  teksty z „Tygodnika Mazowsze”, jednego z najważniejszych czasopism drugiego obiegu wydawniczego. Jako metodę wybrano analizę zawartości czasopism. Pozwoliła ona na określenie różnic w opisach obu wizyt. Na podstawie kategoryzacji tematycznej udało się wskazać, że na obraz medialny pielgrzymek papieskich w „Tygodniku Mazowsze” wpływa głównie kontekst społeczno-polityczny. Opisy pielgrzymek są elementem czarno-białego obrazu świata.
Filmowe cechy zwiastuna do książki
Authors: Śmigiel Łukasz
Published: December 2021

W szerszym ujęciu tekst dotyczy rosnącej popularności zwiastunów wideo do książek. Jego autor tłumaczy ich funkcje i określa miejsce w sferze kultury czytania. W ujęciu węższym — analizie poddano filmowe cechy trailerów literackich, które zostają zestawione z tradycyjnymi zwiastunami kinowymi. Artykuł poddaje wstępnej analizie różne aspekty techniczne produkcji tego rodzaju, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem narzędzi typu cinematic book trailer. Omawiane zagadnienia wiążą się z kwestiami fundamentalnymi dla tworzenia skutecznej komunikacji w dynamicznie rozwijającej się przestrzeni online: komunikacji pomiędzy czytelnikami, autorami a producentami książkowych zwiastunów, które w najbliższym czasie mogą stać się jedną z bardziej  popularnych i dopracowanych form promocji literatury w internecie.
Odkształcenia cech artykulacyjnych głosek w mowie dzieci ze specyficznym zaburzeniem językowym (SLI)
Authors: Kamińska Sofia
Published: December 2021

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań obejmujących realizację głosek w mowie polskojęzycznych dzieci ze specyficznym zaburzeniem językowym (SLI). W polskim piśmiennictwie logopedycznym niewiele miejsca poświęcano dotąd analizie problemów fonetyczno-fonologicznych tych dzieci, stąd próba opracowania zagadnienia. W badaniu uczestniczyło ośmioro dzieci z potwierdzoną klinicznie diagnozą SLI. Rozpoznanie oparto na diagnostycznych kryteriach włączających i wyłączających zawartych w ICD-10. Dzieci badane były 100-wyrazowym testem artykulacyjnym. Wypowiedzi dzieci nagrywane były na dyktafon, a następnie analizowane metodą odsłuchową w programie komputerowym EXMARaLDA. Na podstawie wyników badań wyodrębniono wiele procesów fonetyczno-fonologicznych odkształcających dźwiękową postać głosek. Opracowano pola substytucji wszystkich głosek, wyodrębniono substytuty uniwersalne, węzły fonetyczne oraz niezwykłe błędy fonologiczne. Podjęto próbę wyjaśnienia przyczyn trudności fonetyczno-fonologicznych w mowie badanych dzieci.
„Naprzeciw Tatr” — Gorce jako tatrzańskie peryferie?
Authors: Kościelniak Maria
Published: December 2021

The Tatra Mountains and the Gorce Mountains are mountain ranges lying next to each other. The widespread knowledge and popularity of the Tatra Mountains and the anthropopressure occurring in them indicate the dominant nature of these mountains in the consciousness of Polish society. The Gorce Mountains, meanwhile, are unknown to many, often overlooked and unpopular, both among tourists and writers. The peripheral nature of the Gorce region is related to the establishment of the center of Polish mountains in the Tatras. Their myth and majesty cast a shadow on the lower, unpopularized Gorce and contribute to creating a way of experiencing them. The article analyzes the relationship between the Gorce and the Tatra Mountains. The model of the center–periphery in the horizontal approach, proposed by Elżbieta Rybicka, was used to describe the phenomenon.
Góry — dom dla zwierząt czy schronisko dla ludzi?
Authors: Nowicka Dorota
Published: December 2021

When thinking about nature, it is impossible to overlook fauna, which contributes to its constant transformation, mainly through the development of new species. The author of the article sheds light on the current situation of animals living e.g. in national parks, focusing on pro-environmental activities on social media and non-virtual media, and on destructive human behaviour. The growing tourism- and economy-related infrastructurisation of the mountains as well as their increasingly frequent exploration by humans force animals to change their familiar habitats. Owing to the animals’ natural territorialism as well as instinctive fight for species survival, in the case of stronger specimens we often see altruistic actions to protect the group under threat. The interference of humans with the natural environment forces animals to acquire social behaviours which are a consequence of a long adaptation process. The author of the article also examines selected aspects of ethology, that is study of inherited and acquired animal behaviour. However, the appropriation of the mountains by humans and their adaptation to human needs are characterised by a relatively high awareness of the impact on animal life, a fact reflected in numerous ecological and faunistic campaigns seeking to protect natural habitats and their indigenous residents. The article also features an analysis of campaigns and projects that are to make people sensitive to the fact that they are guests at a home of species other than the human species.
Bonatti, jakiego w Polsce nie znamy. O literackiej i reporterskiej twórczości autora pierwszego przejścia filaru Petit Dru
Authors: Wójtowicz Marta
Published: December 2021

Walter Bonatti was one of the leading alpinists in the post-war world. He was also the creator of the peculiar ideology of alpinism, clear in the moral purity of its assumptions, as well as an author of many books on mountains and travels. He was not only a high-mountain guide and a ski instructor, but also acclaimed travel journalist and a photographer, for which he is least known in Poland. This article is an attempt at characterising Walter Bonatti’s multifaceted literary, reportorial, and photographic creative outputs. The Italian alpinist is the author of twenty autobiography books on mountains and travels, including several photographic albums. There is an abundance of his reportorial writing connected with his nearly fifteen years long collaboration with “Epoca”, an Italian travel periodical, and of his photographic works, for which he was awarded numerous foreign honours. For the aforementioned magazine he also occasionally wrote — during his alpinist career — texts concerning his highest ascents.
Arbitraż w posttotalitarnych czasach PRL — uwagi wybrane na tle zakresu podmiotowego dopuszczalności arbitrażu (dawny art. 697 § 3 i 4 k.p.c.)
Authors: Budniak-Rogala Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

This elaboration is an attempt to introduce an interpretation of former Art. 697 § 3 and 4 of the Civil Procedure Code regarding admissibility of concluding agreements for submitting disputes to an arbitration court by social economy entities. The analyzed provisions provided relevant limitations of the objective scope of admissibility of arbitration regarding said social economy entities – both in domestic and international transactions. It involved especially with the establishment of the State Economic Arbitral Institution. The solutions adopted by the legislator were undoubtedly the result of applying the principles of the socio-economic regime of the post-totalitarian Polish People’s Republic.
Z problematyki emigracji z Grecji do Polski Ludowej
Authors: Chrisidu-Budnik Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

The 1944–1949 Greek civil war between the supporters of the monarchy with the right-wing government and the left-wing forces with the Democratic Army of Greece resulted in the death of approximately 100,000 people and forced partisans and their families to migrate to countries of “people’s democracy.” It is estimated that the Polish People’s Republic accepted approximately 14,000 people (children and adults). The article describes the genesis of the conflict that led to the outbreak of the civil war as well as the increasing polarization of the Greek population. It presents the (political and social) complexity of the processes of emigrating from Greece to the people’s democracies and selected aspects of the organization of the Greek community’s life in the Polish People’s Republic.
Sądy społeczne w systemie wymiaru sprawiedliwości Niemieckiej Republiki Demokratycznej
Authors: Malicka Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

Social courts in the German Democratic Republic, as constitutional judicial organs, guaranteed the direct participation of citizens in the exercise of state power. They played an important role in the judicial system and in fact became the courts of the lowest instance. They settled disputes in the field of labour and civil law and adjudicated in cases of violations of criminal law. In retrospect, they can be assessed as a special type of court typical of the socialist system, the decisions of which were primarily of educational and preventive importance.
Wpływ władzy totalitarnej na sposoby regulacji polskiego prawa gospodarczego
Authors: Siwik Lidia
Published: December 2021

In the current legal order there are two ways of regulating economic law. According to the dualist concept, economic relations are treated as separate from civil law relations, while, according to the principle of the unity of civil law, the aspects of economic turnover are a specialized part of civil law. In Poland, the dualist concept was replaced under communist authoritarian rule by the principle of the unity of civil law in order to emphasize the low usefulness and lack of practical relevance of economic turnover, which was replaced almost entirely by socialized turnover conducted by economic units with state status. Despite the departure from totalitarian rule and in the current system of social market economy, the principle of the unity of civil law has persisted. The paper shows that the principle of the unity of civil law, although instrumentally treated by authoritarian governments, has a number of advantages that allow it to function successfully in the conditions of freedom of entrepreneurship in the European Union and in the face of political changes that took place in Poland at the turn of the twenty-first century.
Służba na rzecz totalitarnego państwa jako przesłanka obniżenia zaopatrzenia emerytalnego funkcjonariuszy zatrudnionych w organach bezpieczeństwa w latach 1944–1990
Authors: Prus Łukasz
Published: December 2021

The paper describes term of service in a totalitarian state as a basis for reducing the pension of officers employed in the security service in the years 1944–1990. The legislators decided to hold liable the officers of the communist political police by reducing their pensions again, 26 years after the transformation. In this aspect, the crucial issue is the concept of service in a totalitarian state. The thesis of the paper is that the qualification of service in a totalitarian state cannot be determined only by formal conditions, that is, the time and place of service, but should also take into account substantive criteria, especially violation of the fundamental rights of individuals by former officers.
Odpowiedzialność usługodawcy za udostępnianie w internetowych serwisach społecznościowych treści przestępnych związanych z publicznym propagowaniem faszystowskiego lub innego totalitarnego ustroju państwa według projektu ustawy o ochronie wolności słowa w
Authors: Kołodziej Anastazja
Published: December 2021

Having in mind the Law on the Provision of Electronic Services, the article presents selected issues in the field of strict liability of the service provider in the form of administrative penalties for publishing on social media criminal content or content that is related to it, in the form of praising or exhorting to commit the crime prohibited under Art. 256 of the Penal Code according to the Draft of the Law on the Protection of Freedom of Speech on Social Media. It presents selected issues concerning inaccuracies and imprecise definitions of the notions of service provider, user, and illegal content, especially in the context of content that does not exhaust the features of a prohibited act under Art. 256 of the Penal Code. It describes also the procedure to be followed in the event of the user’s complaint about blocking their content, profile or a complaint about disseminating illegal content. The author concludes that the assessment of illegal content that does not exhaust the features of a crime under Art. 256 of the Penal Code, but is related to it, in the form of praising or exhorting to commit it, will belong to the Freedom of Speech Committee. Additionally, the regulations of the Law on the Provision of Electronic Services and the Draft of the Law on the Protection of Freedom of Speech on Social Media are inconsistent because, on one hand, after the so-called flagging of the content on social media, the service provider is obliged to remove illegal content (Art. 14 of the Law on the Provision of Electronic Services), while, on the other hand, according to the commented draft of the law, he is exposed to proceedings before the Freedom of Speech Committee and its arbitrary classification of content as legal or illegal.
Wpływ braku uznania rządu państwa totalitarnego i autorytarnego na zdolność sądową tego państwa w świetle koncepcji brytyjsko-amerykańskich
Authors: Rodziewicz Piotr
Published: December 2021

Although government recognition is a legal concept of public international law, it interacts with other branches of law, including private international law and international civil procedure. According to the jurisprudence of British and American courts, unrecognized governments do not possess locus standi in civil proceedings in regard to matters which fall within the state dominium. In the mentioned jurisprudence, a doctrine has been formulated according to which judges are bound by the position of their state executive bodies in regard to foreign state and government recognition, which has direct influence on the locus standi of foreign states in the courts of Britain and the United States. The aim of this paper is to present the above rulings, as well as to analyze whether there are grounds for accepting the doctrine which follows from them in Polish civil litigation.