bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a GDS(L)-like hydrolase from Pleurotus sapidus with an unusual SGNH motif
Authors: Fingerhut Miriam A. , Henrich Lea , Lauber Christiane , Broel Niklas , Ghezellou Parviz , Karrer Dominik , Spengler Bernhard , Langfelder Kim , Stressler Timo , Zorn Holger , Gand Martin
Published: September 2024

The GDS(L)-like lipase from the Basidiomycota Pleurotus sapidus (PSA_Lip) was heterologously expressed using Trichoderma reesei with an activity of 350 U L−1. The isoelectric point of 5.0 was determined by isoelectric focusing. The novel PSA_Lip showed only 23.8–25.1%, 25.5%, 26.6% and 28.4% identity to the previously characterized GDSL-like enzymes phospholipase, plant lipase, acetylcholinesterase and acetylxylan esterase, from the carbohydrate esterase family 16, respectively. Therefore, the enzyme was purified from the culture supernatant and the catalytic properties and the substrate specificity of the enzyme were investigated using different assays to reveal its potential function. While no phospholipase, acetylcholinesterase and acetylxylan esterase activities were detected, studies on the hydrolysis of ferulic acid methyl ester (~ 8.3%) and feruloylated carbohydrate 5-O-transferuloyl-arabino-furanose (~ 0.8%) showed low conversions of these substrates. By investigating the hydrolytic activity towards p-nitrophenyl-(pNP)-esters with various chain-lengths, the highest activity was determined for medium chain-length pNP-octanoate at 65 °C and a pH value of 8, while almost no activity was detected for pNP-hexanoate. The enzyme is highly stable when stored at pH 10 and 4 °C for at least 7 days. Moreover, using consensus sequence analysis and homology modeling, we could demonstrate that the PSA_Lip does not contain the usual SGNH residues in the actives site, which are usually present in GDS(L)-like enzymes.
Insights into the biodegradation process of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid under anaerobic condition
Authors: Li Xiuying , Lv Yan , Wang Yuanzhi , Zhang Zhipeng , Wang Jingjing , Jin Huijuan , Zhou Tongyue , Cui Yiru , Yang Yi , Yan Jun
Published: September 2024

Background

Chlorophenoxy compounds represent a group of selective herbicides widely used around the world. Chlorophenoxy herbicides are toxic, chemically stable, and can migrate into groundwater through soil leaching, posing a significant threat to drinking water safety and human health. Chlorophenoxy herbicides in groundwater aquifers are subject to anaerobic processes; however, the pathway and microbiology involved in the attenuation of chlorophenoxy herbicides under anaerobic condition are largely unknown. Here, the anaerobic degradation process of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), a typical chlorophenoxy herbicide, was investigated.

Results

The initial 52.5 ± 2.3 μM 2,4,5-T was completely degraded by a sediment-derived microbial consortium, with 3,4-dichlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) and phenol being identified as the intermediate products. Reductive dechlorination of 3-CP to phenol and the subsequent elimination of phenol were the key transformation steps in the overall degradation process of 2,4,5-T. Amplicon sequencing suggested that Dehalobacter, Sulfuricurvum, Bacteroides, Acetobacterium, and Clostridium sensu stricto 7 might contribute to the transformation of 2,4,5-T to phenol, and Smithella, Syntrophorhabdus, Methanofollis and Methanosaeta likely cooperated to accomplish the complete mineralization of phenol.

Conclusions

This study reported the anaerobic degradation of 2,4,5-T via reductive dechlorination and the subsequent syntrophic metabolization of phenol, an intermediate product transformed from 2,4,5-T. Dehalobacter was identified as the organohalide-respiring population catalyzing the reductive dechlorination reaction. Syntrophorhabdus and methanogenic populations were likely involved in anaerobic phenol oxidation and facilitated the complete mineralization of 2,4,5-T.
Function of ZmBT2a gene in resistance to pathogen infection in maize
Authors: Zhou Fan , Wang Yonggui , Liu Pengfei , Ma Wenxiao , He Ruobing , Cao Hongzhe , Xing Jihong , Zhang Kang , Dong Jingao
Published: September 2024

The BTB-TAZ protein is a subfamily of the BTB protein family and plays a crucial regulatory role in plant resistance to pathogen infection. However, the function of the maize BTB-TAZ protein ZmBT2a in maize resistance to pathogens has not been reported. Here, we investigate the role of ZmBT2a in maize resistance to pathogen infection by examining its expression characteristics. The results showed that the expression level of ZmBT2a changed significantly in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in maize. Moreover, ZmBT2a-OE exhibited enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, while the maize ZmBT2a mutants Zmbt2a-1 and Zmbt2a-2 showed increased sensitivity to Fusarium graminearum and Cochliobolus carbonum infections. Notably, the expression of the key synthetic genes ZmLOXs and pathogenesis-related genes ZmPRs in the JA synthesis pathway was significantly down-regulated during F. graminearum infection. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid assays confirmed the direct interaction between ZmBT2a and E3 ubiquitinated proteins ZmCUL3a and ZmCUL3b. These findings suggest that the ZmBT2a gene is crucial in maize resistance to pathogen infection. It is hypothesized that ZmBT2a binds to ZmCUL3 and, through ubiquitination, affects the transcriptional regulation of ZmLOXs and ZmPRs by downstream transcription factors, thus participating in the disease resistance process of maize.
Co-occurrence of neurofibromatosis type 1, caused by Alu insertion, and 16p13.11 microduplication
Authors: Quental Rita , Pinho Diana , Tkachenko Natália , Gonzaga Diana , Mota Maria do Céu , Garrido Cristina , Carmona Carla , Quental Sofia , Fortuna Ana Maria , Azevedo Soares Célia
Published: September 2024

Background

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), an autosomal dominant disorder, characterized by a spectrum of diverse neurocutaneous manifestations, is caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in NF1 gene. While patients with NF1 often exhibit characteristic features, atypical phenotypes can arise, necessitating consideration of differential diagnoses or concurrent pathologies.

Case presentation

A seven-year-old boy with suspected NF1 underwent clinical evaluation. He presented hallmark café-au-lait spots, axillary freckling, and neurofibromas. Neuroimaging revealed a cranial plexiform neurofibroma. Additionally, he exhibited attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and developmental delay. Genetic testing identified an Alu insertion variant within the NF1 gene, and subsequent array comparative genomic hybridization detected a 16p13.11 duplication.

Conclusions

This case underscores the intricate molecular bases of NF1 by identifying a rare Alu insertion variant. The patient's neurocognitive challenges and dysmorphic features prompted exploration of a potential overlapping genetic condition. Coexisting genetic disorders have been documented in NF1 patients, emphasizing the necessity of discerning atypical manifestations. The observed 16p13.11 duplication likely contributes to the patient's phenotype, enhancing the precision of diagnosis, prognosis, and genetic counseling.
Recurrence following percutaneous exclusion of giant coronary pseudoaneurysm: a case report
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Saibal , Yusuf Jamal , Gautam Ankur , Kathuria Sanjeev , Batra Vishal
Published: September 2024

Background

Emergence of coronary giant pseudoaneurysm (PSA) after stent implantation is potentially catastrophic and may end up with life threatening complications if not managed promptly. There is scarcity of data in existing literature with respect to guidelines on the management of coronary PSA following stent implantation. We report the recurrence of coronary PSA following initial percutaneous management of a giant coronary PSA using multiple stent grafts.

Case presentation

A 38-year-old male who underwent primary angioplasty of the right coronary artery (RCA) about a month back, presented with dull aching precordial chest pain for the last 15 days. A repeat coronary angiography revealed giant coronary PSA in proximal to mid RCA. Considering the significantly large size of the coronary PSA with symptoms of impending rupture, the giant coronary PSA was successfully excluded by implanting three sequentially coronary stent grafts. However, after one and a half months, the patient again presented with a similar kind of dull aching chest pain. We found a recurrence of coronary PSA in a segment of the coronary artery distal to the portion excluded by stent grafts. This recurrent coronary PSA was once again successfully excluded by redeploying two more stent grafts with the help of a guide extension catheter.

Conclusions

In this case, vessel wall injury as a result of aggressive post dilatation using an oversized balloon during the index procedure was the contributor to the giant coronary PSA formation. It usually appears early after the index procedure (within 4 weeks). Though the usual strategy used to exclude coronary aneurysm is by using the minimal number of stent grafts (due to the inherent increased risk of restenosis/thrombosis in stent grafts) in post angioplasty traumatic aneurysm it is prudent to exclude the entire damaged artery by placing stent grafts to prevent recurrence in segments with even minimal dilatation on initial evaluation.
The role of mobile muds in basin form and fill in the tectonic and sedimentologically complex region of the Southeastern Margin of the Caribbean Plate, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
Authors: Silva Leiser G. , Wood Lesli J.
Published: September 2024

The southern portions of the Barbados Accretionary Prism and the eastern deepwater region of Trinidad and Tobago are a seafloor terrain marked by scattered mud volcanoes, mud walls, and mud canopies that rise several hundred meters above the modern seafloor. We use 3D seismic and recently drilled wells to examine this area, dividing it into three tectonomorphic provinces based on the nature of the mud architecture, the structuration, basin types developed, and sedimentary systems occupying the basins. Mud architectures become more massive as one moves northward toward the active tectonic prism. The mud wall in the far northern Mud Wall Province is classified as a mud canopy system, similar to those documented by workers in the North Sabah Pagasa Wedge, Borneo. The Trinidad mud canopy exhibits sutures in the mud mass margins (akin to salt sutures) that separate submasses likely composed of different materials and exhibiting different pressures and properties. These submasses and associated sutures are imageable using the sweetness attributes on the near-stack seismic volume. Anticlines in the isolated mud and distributive provinces, similar to those that are the dominant hydrocarbon-producing structures onshore and offshore Trinidad, show mobile mud cores and are associated with extensional and compressional faulting that provide pathways for hydrocarbon migration into the surrounding lutokinetic stratigraphy. A bottom simulating reflector associated with the base of the gas hydrate zone, extensive across the study area, may be a good indicator of fluid flux activity and subsurface pressure states in mud masses. It is important to use all the seismic data volumes (full, near, mid, and far seismic data stacks) to assess different aspects of these mud diapiric systems.
Innovative solutions to frontier exploration in Eastern Mediterranean salt basins
Authors: Donaldson Lindsey , Ou Shangli , Guillois Maxime , Ouzounis Ares , Tapie Chris , Brytik Valeriy , Fabuel-Perez Ivan , Moreton David , Lawrence Zachary , Martinez Alex , Neelamani Ramesh , Hardy Clement , Baranov Sergei , Hasner Katja
Published: September 2024

The Eastern Mediterranean region is expected to hold large undiscovered natural gas resources that could address critical energy supply needs of the surrounding countries. However, exploration is challenged due to regional geologic complexities. The combination of Messinian salt structures and diapiric shales in offshore Cyprus and Egypt often causes strong attenuation of seismic energy and severe seismic imaging illumination shadows, which lead to large uncertainty regarding subsalt reservoir presence and the underlying petroleum system assessment. As part of the efforts to solve these imaging challenges, we present innovative seismic acquisition solutions to address key exploration risks such as reservoir presence. A one-sided wide-azimuth configuration consisting of one streamer vessel and one dedicated source vessel operating under the simultaneous-source mode was used to acquire data in a cost-effective way. An 8000 in3 low-frequency source was used on both vessels to provide higher energy output in the low-frequency bands of less than approximately 4 Hz. Our preliminary results show evidence of seismic image uplift due to enhanced acquisition and processing, leading to greater confidence in interpretation, which is critical for positioning wells in future drilling campaigns. This paper highlights seismic testing results undertaken to design a large exploration-scale seismic survey in the Eastern Mediterranean and early results from the execution of that program. This will help better refine optimal design criteria for future acquisition, signal processing, and imaging in order to unlock additional resources beneath complex salt provinces and identify where additional imaging needs still exist.
The minimum-frequency property of complex trace analysis
Authors: Barnes Arthur E. , Thurston Jeffrey B.
Published: September 2024

A waveform has the property of minimum frequency if its instantaneous frequency equals the Hilbert transform of its instantaneous bandwidth plus the spectral low-cut frequency. Minimum frequency is characterized by an amplitude spectrum that is maximally skewed toward the low frequencies. The associated property of maximum frequency is characterized by an amplitude spectrum that is maximally skewed toward the high frequencies. Minimum and maximum frequency are the time-domain counterparts of the spectral properties of minimum and maximum delay. Many waveforms have the property of minimum frequency, such as the Ricker wavelet. Waveforms that have the property of maximum frequency include Klauder wavelets that emphasize high frequencies. Impulsive wavelets can have both minimum frequency and minimum delay. The properties of minimum and maximum frequency suggest time-variant measures to estimate the spectral low-cut and high-cut frequencies of seismic traces and produce an instantaneous frequency attribute that is free of spikes. The property of minimum frequency has long been known but remains unfamiliar to geophysics. It is explained in the context of complex trace analysis illustrated with seismic wavelets and traces.
Empowering rural women: key factors driving participation in livelihood credit programs in Gubalafto woreda, North Wollo, Ethiopia
Authors: Sisay Moges Asmare , Mulaw Atnafu Amare
Published: September 2024

Background This study investigates the factors influencing rural women’s participation in credit programs in Gubalafto Wereda. Understanding these determinants is crucial for improving program effectiveness and supporting women’s economic empowerment in the region. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 364 rural women from four kebeles, selected through stratified random sampling based on agro-ecological characteristics. Data were collected via interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests, and logit regression models to determine the significance of various factors affecting participation. Results Descriptive statistics revealed key associations between participation and factors such as household size, income level, educational status, perception of group collateral, skill training, and distance from lending offices. Chi-square tests showed significant relationships, while t-tests identified differences between participants and non-participants. Logit regression analysis indicated that household size, income level, educational status, group collateral, skill training, and proximity to lending offices significantly influenced credit participation at the 1% level (p<0.01). Experience with income-generating activities and perception of interest rates were significant at the 5% level (p<0.05). Market access was significant at the 10% level (p<0.10). Positive factors included household size and income level, while age, distance from lending offices, and perception of interest rates had negative effects. Conclusion The study highlights that specific factors significantly impact rural women’s participation in credit programs. To enhance program effectiveness, stakeholders should address these determinants and develop robust institutional frameworks with effective monitoring and evaluation systems.
Effect of early tranexamic acid treatment on fatigue in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: data from the CRASH-3 clinical trial
Authors: Mansukhani Raoul , Belli Antonio , Brenner Amy , Chaudhri Rizwana , Frimley Lauren , Faizah Jamaluddin Sabariah , Jooma Rashid , Shakur-Still Haleema , Shokunbi Temitayo , Roberts Ian
Published: September 2024

Background Each year world-wide about 65 million people sustain a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Fatigue is a common and distressing symptom after mTBI. We examine the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on fatigue in patients with mTBI using data from the CRASH-3 trial. Methods The CRASH-3 trial randomised 9,202 patients with traumatic brain injury and no significant extracranial bleeding to receive TXA or placebo within 3 hours of injury. The primary outcome was death from head injury within 28 days of injury. The methods and results are presented elsewhere. Fatigue was recorded as “None”, “Moderate” or “Extreme.” This study examines the effect of TXA on extreme fatigue in the 2,632 patients with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score≥13). Our analyses were not prespecified. Results Our study primary outcome, extreme fatigue, was reported for 10 (0.8%) of 1,328 patients receiving TXA and 19 (1.5%) of 1,288 patients receiving placebo (risk ratio [RR]=0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-1.09). Death within 28 days of injury was reported for 34 (2.6%) of 1,328 patients receiving TXA versus 47 (3.6%) of 1,288 patients receiving placebo (RR=0.70, 95% CI 0.45-1.08). Among patients allocated to TXA, 44 (3.3%) patients either died or reported extreme fatigue versus 66 (5.1%) patients among those allocated to placebo (RR=0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.94). This composite outcome is disproportionately influenced by deaths which account for 74% (81 from 110) of events. Conclusions We found no evidence that tranexamic acid reduces fatigue in patients with mTBI. Given, 1) our analyses were not prespecified, 2) our outcome measure is not based on a validated fatigue severity scale, and 3) TBI patients can suffer from hospital-induced delirium, which hinders clinician assessment, these results need to be replicated in another study. Registration ISRCTN (ISRCTN15088122, 19/07/2011), ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01402882, 26/07/2011), EudraCT (2011-003669-14, 25/07/2011), Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR20121000441277, 30/10/2012).
A survey of the training experiences and needs on Wellcome Trust PhD programmes
Authors: Fawcett Charlotte , Sandilands Kathryn , Ng'ang'a Rispah , Muasya William , Budriunaite Ieva , Andleeb Humma , Gatua Winfred , de Abreu Nunes Laetitia , Oketch John , Piazza Giulia G.
Published: September 2024

Background Training for PhD researchers was previously identified by the Wellcome Trust funded Emerging Research Cultures project as an area for further investigation to ensure an inclusive culture which enables PhD students to become well-rounded researchers. Methods The Taskforce on Training conducted a survey of 35 Wellcome Trust funded PhD students and 10 programme administrators to evaluate the provision of training in eight key areas. This survey examined a number of issues, such as availability and knowledge of training, potential gaps in training, and the perceived usefulness of training. Results PhD students reported that training was generally useful and viewed as important; with technical training being particularly highly valued. However, the survey identified that students desired additional training in project management and personal development. Surveying programme administrators highlighted the wide variety in training availability for students across different Wellcome Trust programmes currently running in the UK. Conclusion In response to these findings, several recommendations were suggested. Examples include; promotion of peer mentoring for PhD students, and alternative methods for delivery of wellbeing training. However, this report only explores the views of a small number of Wellcome Trust funded PhD students and would benefit from further research into the experiences of PhD students, programme administrators, and PhD supervisors.
The genome sequence of a dance fly, Empis livida Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: Falk Steven , Mallick Tista ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Empis livida (dance fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Empididae). The genome sequence spans 291.20 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.63 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the Silver-barred Sober moth, Aproaerema taeniolella (Zeller, 1839)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Hutchinson Finley , Crowley Liam M. , Boyes Clare ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2024

We present a genome assembly of a female Silver-barred Sober moth Aproaerema taeniolella (Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Gelechiidae). The genome sequence has a length of 636.60 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.19 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 22,274 protein-coding genes.
Preclinical Toxicity Assessment of Polyphenols-Based Standardized Extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bark
Authors: Thakurdesai Prasad Arvind , Deshpande Pallavi Onkar , Bhaskaran Sunil
Published: September 2024

Background: Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark is used as a spice in culinary practices and has been documented for health and medicinal benefits. Polyphenol (PP) is the major bioactive constituent of cinnamon bark. However, acceptable and safe dose levels and toxicity information of oral exposure to PP-based standardized cinnamon bark extract (PP-CZ) are crucial for safe human consumption. Objective: To evaluate PP-CZ for acute oral, subchronic oral toxicities in vivo, mutagenicity in vitro and genotoxic potential in vitro. Method:. The effects of oral treatment with single- and 90-days repeated dose were evaluated in rates as per OECD Test 423 and 408, respectively. Effects on body weight, food and water intake, organ weight, hematology, biochemistry, and histology were recorded . Mutagenicity and genotoxicity were evaluated using Ames (OECD No. 471) and chromosomal aberrations (OECD Test. 473) tests. Results: A single oral dose of PP-CZ did not cause death or treatment-related toxic effects, indicating a “median lethal dose” > 2,000 mg/kg. In addition, a subchronic dosage (500 mg/kg/day, 90 days) was found safe in rats, suggesting “no observed adverse effect level” (NOAEL) of 500 mg/kg and “Human Equivalent Dose” (HED) of 4.8 g/day. Furthermore, the absence of mutagenicity or genotoxicity of PP-CZ was observed during in vitro tests. PP-CZ showed a robust safety profile without mutagenicity or genotoxicity in rats.
High-speed arbitrary pure phase hologram generation method based on a specific multi-phase
Authors: Sun Guobin , Hu Chi , Zhang Jin , Jiang Shilei , Wu Chunfang , Liu Yanyan
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a novel
design method, to the best of our knowledge, for the creation
of computer-generated
holograms (CGHs) with arbitrary phases based on a specific
multi-phase. This approach combines the design, production, and
fabrication of holographic phase structures and requires only their
assembly according to specific phase values. The arrangement of eight
different specific phase values enables the production of 2D and 3D
holograms comparable in quality to random phase holograms obtained
through optimized Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithms and requires only
one-sixth of the computational time. The results of simulations and
experiments indicate that this method provides a convenient approach
to designing, processing, manufacturing, and reproducing high-quality
phase holograms. It has the potential for widespread use in
holography.
Multi-objective optimization for submarine optical cable route planning based on cross reinforcement learning
Authors: Zhao Zanshan , Gao Guanjun , Gan Weiming , Zhang Jialiang , Wang Zengfu , Wang Haoyu , Guo Yonggang
Published: September 2024

Submarine cable is a crucial infrastructure for international communications, and its cost and survivability are two key factors that must be considered at its design phase. In this paper, we propose a machine-learning-assisted submarine cable route planning algorithm for minimizing its accumulated cost and risk. The cost and risk distribution and the direction of the submarine cable route’s starting point and endpoint are used as prior data to initialize the state-action of reinforcement learning (RL). We also propose a multi-agent cross reinforcement learning (MA-XRL) framework composed of Q-learning and SARSA to improve the global optimization capability of RL in the case of multi-objective optimization. The results show that, compared to ant colony optimization (ACO), MA-XRL can reduce the accumulated cost by 26.87% under the same accumulated risk. The maximum accumulated cost of the Pareto solutions obtained by MA-XRL is lower than the minimum accumulated cost of that obtained by ACO. Meanwhile, the running time of MA-XRL is only 1.3‰ of that of ACO. Without prior data of cost and risk initialization, the accumulated cost and risk of the best submarine cable route obtained by MA-XRL is 1.84 times and 7.08 times those with cost and risk distribution initialization, respectively. The direction initialization can accelerate the agent to find the endpoint of the submarine cable route and double the search stability of MA-XRL. Compared to using Q-learning or SARSA alone, MA-XRL can respectively reduce the accumulated risk by 71.81% and 39.51% under the same accumulated cost and can reduce the accumulated cost by 16.65% and 11.99% under the same accumulated risk, respectively.
The mode detangler
Authors: Deng Zeyu , Dang Zhangqi , Chen Tao , Ding Zhenming , Zhang Ziyang
Published: September 2024

Astrophotonics aims to transfer photonic technology to the development of compact astronomical instruments. However, light coupling from a multimode fiber, typically adopted in modern observatories, to a single-mode photonic device still poses a challenge. Though a photonic lantern can enable this transition in a low-loss way, it requires that the number of single-mode fibers (SMFs) at the output is the same as the number of guided modes in the multimode fiber, resulting in a cumbersome fan-out of many single-mode devices to be connected. Herein, we invent an active device in a waveguide form called “the mode detangler” (MD). We show that it can adaptively transform a complex light field from a multimode fiber to a single-mode-like spot. In this way, only one single-mode device is required at the end. The path leading to the idea and the theory behind the mode detangling effect is explained, followed by numerical simulations and experimental demonstrations using a few-mode fiber as proof of concept. We believe this device has the potential to address the multimode-to-single-mode conversion challenge in astrophotonics but also sheds light on (de)multiplexing applications regarding spatial mode technology in optical communications.
A navigational risk evaluation of ferry transport: Continuous risk management matrix based on fuzzy Best-Worst Method
Authors: Pham Linh Thi , Hoang Long Van
Published: September 2024

Ferry transport has witnessed numerous fatal accidents due to unsafe navigation; thus, it is of paramount importance to mitigate risks and enhance safety measures in ferry navigation. This paper aims to evaluate the navigational risk of ferry transport by a continuous risk management matrix (CRMM) based on the fuzzy Best-Worst Method (BMW). Its originalities include developing CRMM to figure out the risk level of risk factors (RFs) for ferry transport and adopting fuzzy BWM to estimate the probability and severity weights vector of RFs. Empirical results show that twenty RFs for ferry navigation are divided into four zones corresponding to their risk values, including extreme-risk, high-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk areas. Particularly, results identify three extreme-risk RFs: inadequate evacuation and emergency response features, marine traffic congestion, and insufficient training on navigational regulations. The proposed research model can provide a methodological reference to the pertinent studies regarding risk management and multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA).
Genomic transfers help to decipher the ancient evolution of filoviruses and interactions with vertebrate hosts
Authors: Taylor Derek J. , Barnhart Max H.
Published: September 2024

Although several filoviruses are dangerous human pathogens, there is conflicting evidence regarding their origins and interactions with animal hosts. Here we attempt to improve this understanding using the paleoviral record over a geological time scale, protein structure predictions, tests for evolutionary maintenance, and phylogenetic methods that alleviate sources of bias and error. We found evidence for long branch attraction bias in the L gene tree for filoviruses, and that using codon-specific models and protein structural comparisons of paleoviruses ameliorated conflict and bias. We found evidence for four ancient filoviral groups, each with extant viruses and paleoviruses with open reading frames. Furthermore, we found evidence of repeated transfers of filovirus-like elements to mouse-like rodents. A filovirus-like nucleoprotein ortholog with an open reading frame was detected in three subfamilies of spalacid rodents (present since the Miocene). We provide evidence that purifying selection is acting to maintain amino acids, protein structure and open reading frames in these elements. Our finding of extant viruses nested within phylogenetic clades of paleoviruses informs virus discovery methods and reveals the existence of Lazarus taxa among RNA viruses. Our results resolve a deep conflict in the evolutionary framework for filoviruses and reveal that genomic transfers to vertebrate hosts with potentially functional co-options have been more widespread than previously appreciated.
Network Optimization using Real Time Polling Service With and Without Relay Station in WiMAX Networks
Authors: Mubeen Ahmed Khan  , Awanit Kumar  , Kailash Chandra Bandhu
Published: September 2024

IEEE 802.16 can be seen as a compelling replacement for conventional broadband technologies because its primary goal is to provide Broadband Wireless Access (BWA). The variable and uncertain nature of wireless networks makes it much more challenging to ensure QoS in this network. WiMAX Technology is used to support various quality of services which includes UGS, rtps, nrtps, ertps and Best Effort. This study employs an IEEE 802.16 network simulator, which offers adaptable and reliable features for assessing a particular QoS parameters for rtps. Achieving better internet performance in real time services is a challenge now a days, and it is also need of present scenario. This work emphasized on better internet service with good quality of service using rtps with Relay Station and Without Relay Station. In this work the CBR packet size, CBR data rate and data rate with rtps service are fine-tuned for achieving the better performance with good quality of service. When comparing uplink connections in rtps with and without relay station, it is found that the throughput in the uplink is 200% greater when using a relay station. The throughput and goodput are evaluated in uploading and downloading with single and multiple subscriber stations and observed that the multiple subscriber stations in downloading give better performance as compare to single subscriber stations. The throughput and goodput in single subscriber stations is better than multiple subscriber station in uploading. the Academic researchers and commercial developers can use this analysis to validate different WiMAX Network implementation mechanisms and parameters.
Los múltiples usos del conocimiento experto: El caso de la Ley de Inclusión y el argumento de la segregación escolar en Chile
Authors: Castillo-Canales Dante
Published: September 2024

El argumento de la segregación escolar relevado por la investigación educacional en Chile desde la década del 2000, no sólo posibilitó un giro en el debate de política educativa, sino que también ayudó a fundamentar Ley de Inclusión Escolar, impulsada por la Presidenta Bachelet el año 2015. La literatura que estudia los cambios de política educativa en Chile ha planteado que la evidencia académica sobre segregación escolar jugó un rol importante en el diseño y elaboración de la ley. Este artículo indaga en la manera en que los actores políticos usaron la evidencia científica para respaldar sus posiciones en el debate legislativo, y que sirvieron para promover o impedir el cambio en el modo de regulación de la eduación escolar en Chile. Usando técnicas de análisis de contenido y redes semánticas de datos cualitativos, el artículo ofrece evidencia sobre el modo en que los actores utilizaron el argumento de la segregación, y que permitió entre otras cosas, dotar a la propuesta de Ley de una justificación que atendiera a los problemas de eficacia del sistema, asi como de una justificación conceptual y simbólica de la propuesta de reforma. Los resultados revelan un uso limitado y desigual de los hallazgos de la investigación educativa en el Congreso en Chile, y que el espacio de argumentación política es un valioso sitio de investigación para comprender la dinámica del uso del conocimiento experto en políticas públicas.
Self-efficacy učitelů 1. stupně základní školy: zdroje jeho zlepšení
Authors: Gavora Peter , Pacholík Viktor , Navrátilová Hana , Petrů Puhrová Barbora
Published: September 2024

Self-efficacy is an important teachers’ characteristic that reflects how well they persevere when faced with obstacles. In this study we explored the sources which, according to Albert Bandura’s theory, contribute to changes in self-efficacy. Participants were 984 primary school teachers in the Czech Republic. Two research instruments were employed: (a) ZSE, a scale measuring teachers’ use of sources of self-efficacy and (b) OSTES-Cz, a scale measuring teachers’ instructional efficacy and class management efficacy. Teachers evaluated mastery experiences and emotional states to be the strongest efficacy sources, followed by social persuasion and vicarious experiences. Duration of teaching practice appeared to associate with mastery experiences and vicarious experiences, while social persuasion was related to the type of elementary school. In regression analyses, mastery experiences, emotional states and vicarious experiences significantly predicted instructional efficacy. On the other hand, class management efficacy was significantly predicted by mastery experiences and emotional states. Findings are discussed with reference to future research aiming to overcome methodology limitations.
El tribunal de justicia de la Comunidad Andina: un análisis exploratorio de su actividad jurisprudencial
Authors: Gonzales Bustos Juan Pablo
Published: September 2024

El trabajo analiza las sentencias del Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina de 2019, último año en que el Tribunal pudo realizar sus actividades de forma habitual, previo a la declaración de la pandemia de Covid-19. Para el desarrollo del trabajo se ha construido una base de datos original con información obtenida de las sentencias del Tribunal de Justicia. La construcción de la base de datos nos permitió realizar un análisis exploratorio de la actividad jurisprudencial desarrollada por este Tribunal. Las principales conclusiones del trabajo señalan que el Tribunal de Justicia ha dedicado el 80 % de su actividad a interpretar una sola decisión, la Decisión 486. De esta Decisión, un solo precepto, el Artículo 136, fue interpretado en 336 oportunidades, lo que representa el 57 % de su actividad. En otras palabras, más de la mitad de la actividad del Tribunal de Justicia se ha centrado en interpretar el contenido de un solo artículo. Nuestro trabajo es el primero en realizar este tipo de análisis, lo que nos permite aportar conclusiones originales acerca de este Tribunal.
Application of the wavelet transform and Hilbert–Huang transform in stratigraphic sequence division of Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in Southwest Sichuan Basin
Authors: Li Zheng , Tian Jingchun , Cai Laixing , Yang Tian
Published: September 2024

In the southwestern Sichuan Basin, the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation encompasses a multitude of working areas, displaying intricate sedimentary traits. Traditional methods of stratigraphic division based on sequence suffer from inherent subjectivity and limitations. This study employs a combined mathematical approach to use the wavelet transform (WT) and the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT). It decomposes the natural gamma ray (GR) logging curve into energy spectrum plots and wavelet coefficients at different scales, high and low frequency signals at different frequencies, and a set of intrinsic mode function components and residual functions. The study conducted a detailed stratigraphic division of the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in the southwestern Sichuan Basin using these methods. The WT offers greater resolution for the periodic changes in the base level, whereas the HHT demonstrates a superior correlation with the positions of stratigraphic interfaces. The combined utilization of the continuous wavelet transform, the discrete wavelet transform, and HHT methods has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in the stratigraphic division of the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation. These methods have been shown to enhance the accuracy of stratigraphic division and to reduce the influence of subjective factors. This study presents new insights and approaches for geological data processing, offering significant theoretical and practical implications and novel technical means for oil and gas exploration and development.
马来西亚雪兰莪州沙叻新村的祖语传承研究
Authors: 王 晓梅 , 梁 小柔
Published: September 2024

提要

马来西亚华人社会的祖语传承体现出一定的特殊性 (郭熙 2017), 打破了费希曼 “语不过三代” 的移民语言传承研究假设 (王晓梅 2007)。 为了进一步探讨这种特殊性, 我们选取华人聚居区新村作为研究地点, 希望能够深入剖析当地的祖语传承情况, 梳理影响祖语传承的因素, 创立新村祖语传承研究范式。 我们在雪兰莪州沙叻新村的田野调查工作从2023年6月5日开始, 先后进行了5次, 主要采用访谈法、语言景观调查法以及文献分析法, 对村内海南会馆、觉侨华小、水尾圣娘庙等机构的负责人以及村民等7人进行了访谈, 同时对村内主要华语景观进行了拍摄, 并收集会馆和学校特刊等文献材料。 研究初步发现沙叻新村的祖语传承经历了从海南话到客家话与华语并存的阶段, 目前则面对人口外流所引起的人口老化等问题, 进而威胁到祖语的传承。 基于该新村的研究结果, 我们发现跨方言群通婚、华语教育普及等因素是促成祖语更迭的主要因素;海南会馆、水尾圣娘庙等华团是觉侨学校的后盾, 是华文教育的坚定支持者。 此外, 新村的语言变迁也受到大马华人社会整体的语言演进的影响。
The intersection of Chineseness and internationalism among Chinese millennials at an EMI university
Authors: Weekly Robert , Picucci-Huang Shih-Ching (Susan)
Published: September 2024

This study investigates Chineseness and internationalism through the naming practices of young Chinese learners’ at EMI universities. Investigating the participants’ use of their English/Chinese names in their immediate study environment to start, our study delves into issues related to who can be defined as Chinese, what Chineseness involves, and its intersection with internationalism. A questionnaire was distributed at a Sino-British university in mainland China and a pre-sessional course in the UK via email in 2019. Data from the 357 questionnaire responses was followed by nine randomly selected respondents who were invited for semi-structured interviews. The data was coded using NVivo 10 and thematic analysis was utilized to understand the key themes. The study found rising confidence among the participants, represented by a rejection of the association between internationalism and westernisation. The participants proffered Chineseness as equal claims to internationalism as western culture, albeit being a continuing site of struggle and confrontation. Further, a distinctive ‘Chinese way of thinking’ is a key marker of Chinese identity, which alludes to an essentialist Chineseness rooted in mainland China.
Stylistic codification of traditional forms of poetic text (based on the material of the ancient Chinese theoretical study of poetry “Shi-Ping” (诗品, “Categories of Poems”)
Authors: Kostanda Iryna
Published: September 2024

The study of the main works that codified the classical forms of the Chinese text is important for analysing the ways of development of poetic works and determining the formation of their stylistic norms, mechanisms, and thematic concepts. The research aims to analyse the peculiarities of the stylistic codification of ancient Chinese traditional verse forms based on the theoretical material of Zhong Rong’s “Shi-Ping” (诗品). The following methods were used: deductive, content analysis, and comparative. The research results determined that ancient Chinese poetry is known for its unique depth, sophistication, and richness of images. Zhong Rong’s treatise “Shi-Ping” influenced the formation of stylistic features of classical Chinese five-line poetry. The analysis of its textual data has shown that this anthology emphasises the importance of the poetic form, especially rhythm and melody, and provides specific recommendations for the use of iambic pentameter, which contributed to its popularisation and development. The practical significance lies in the use of the information by scholars in the fields of philology, linguistics, cultural studies, linguistics, as well as specialists who study the traditional forms of Chinese poetic text.
Zur Entgrenzung der Verantwortungsethik in der planetarischen Bildung
Authors: Mattig Ruprecht
Published: September 2024

Mit Blick auf die Herausforderungen des Anthropozäns entwickelt der Beitrag den Begriff der planetarischen Bildung. Dabei wird auf so unterschiedliche Denker wie Chakrabarty, Humboldt und Novalis Bezug genommen. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass im Anthropozän ein neues Verständnis des Menschen als einer planetarischen Kraft, die in bislang zerstörerischer Weise auf die nicht-menschliche Welt einwirkt, entsteht. Diese Überlegung wirft wiederum Fragen nach dem Verhältnis von Mensch und Welt auf. Ausgehend von der bekannten Auffassung, wonach der Mensch sich in Wechselwirkungen mit der Welt bildet, entwickelt der Beitrag die These, dass die planetarische Bildung eine Entgrenzung der Verantwortungsethik des traditionellen Bildungsdenkens erfordert. Im Anthropozän muss der überkommene Anthropozentrismus des Bildungsbegriffes überwunden werden, um Bildung als einen Prozess der Wechselwirkung von Mensch und Welt zu verstehen, in dem nicht nur der Mensch, sondern auch die Welt gebildet wird.
Characterizing magnetohydrodynamic effects on developed nanofluid flow in an obstructed vertical duct under constant pressure gradient
Authors: Hussain Syed M. , Ali Kashif , Ahmad Sohail , Qureshi Muhammad Amer , Abd-Elmonem Assmaa , Jamshed Wasim , Alraddadi Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

This research endeavors to conduct an examination of the thermal characteristics within the duct filled with the copper nanoparticles and water as base fluid. In exhaust systems, like car exhausts, chimneys, and kitchen hoods, duct flows are crucial. These systems safely discharge odors, smoke, and contaminants into the atmosphere after removing them from enclosed places. The study focuses on a laminar flow regime that is both hydrodynamically and thermally developed, with a specified constraints at any cross-sectional plane. To address this, we employ the finite volume method as it stands as a judicious choice, offering a balance between computational efficiency and solution accuracy. Notably, we have observed that the deceleration of flow induced by elevated Rayleigh numbers can be effectively regulated by the application of an appropriately calibrated external magnetic field. The prime parameters of the problem with ranges are: pressure gradient

(

1
≤

p

0

≤
100

)

(1\le {p}_{0}\le 100)

, Hartmann number

(

0
≤
Ha
≤
50

)

(0\le \text{Ha}\le 50)

, Rayleigh number

(

1
,
000
≤
Ra
≤
40
,
000

)

(1,000\le \text{Ra}\le 40,000)

, and magnetic parameter

(

0
≤
M
≤
50

)

(0\le M\le 50)

. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that the Nusselt number exhibits a nearly linear correlation with the nanoparticle volume fraction parameter, a trend observed across a range of Rayleigh numbers and magnetic parameter values. We have noted that a mere 20% nanoparticle volume fraction can result in up to 62% rise in the Nusselt number while causing an almost 50% decrease in the factor f
Re. This research framework serves as a robust foundation for understanding the intricate interplay between magnetic influences and thermal-hydraulic behavior within the delineated system.
Comparative studies on physicochemical properties of cadmium and neodymium soaps in solid-state
Authors: Singh Suchi , Poonia Kavita , Shukla Rajeev K.
Published: September 2024

The physicochemical properties of cadmium and neodymium soaps (caprylate) have been studied by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analyses in the solid state. The infrared analysis indicates that the fatty acid is present in a dimeric form due to interactions facilitated by hydrogen bonding. Additionally, it suggests that the soaps have properties of a partially ionic nature. The X-ray diffraction data were used to determine the long spacing, confirming the double-layered configuration of the cadmium and neodymium soaps. It was observed that the decomposition reaction proceeds with zero order kinetics, indicating a constant reaction rate regardless of changes in concentration. Furthermore, the activation energy for this process was determined to be 0.401 kJ mol−1 and 0.226 kJ mol−1, respectively A comparative evaluation of the different analytical methods is provided, highlighting the distinct advantages of each method, at the same time delineating the limitations identified through careful study of reference materials and their practical application in sample analysis contexts.