bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Variation and Time Trend Analysis of Dog Bite Cases Attending the Anti Rabies Clinic in Delhi using ARIMA Model Forecasting
Authors: Taneja Neha , Chellaiyan Vinoth Gnana , Gupta Sujata , Gupta Rajesh , Nirupama AY
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Rabies is a fatal viral disease which is transmitted to humans through animal bites, most commonly via dogs. Fortunately, this disease is preventable through timely pre and postexposure vaccination. Aim: To study the seasonal predisposition and trend analysis of dog bite cases attending the anti rabies clinic. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the anti rabies clinic of a government hospital in Delhi. Enumeration and inclusion of all dog bite cases were made. An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used to analyse the available data of dog bites, from 2011 to 2018. In this study, the least Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) value was 12.2 and the corresponding model is ARIMA (1, 0, 0) with the goodness of fit 2 (R2=44%). The model verification was done by noise residual check. The model was applied for time series analysis and forecasting of rabies cases in subsequent years. Results: Total number of dog bite cases were 1,46,344 in last eight years (2011-2018). The maximum number of cases being 27961 in the year 2014 followed by 22385 in the year 2013. A seasonal predisposition of dog bite cases was seen for the month of February to April. The trend analysis forecasting for 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023 predicted 11317, 11676, 10157, 8639 and 7120 cases, respectively. Conclusion: Although the dog bite cases will be on a decline in the future, adequate measures need to be strengthened further to sensitise the community about rabies prevention and timely reporting to anti rabies clinic for prophylaxis.
Effectiveness of Add-on Emotional Freedom Technique on Reduction of Depression: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Krishnamurthy Deepak , Sharma Anil Kumar
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Depression is a common psychological disorder prevalent in all age groups irrespective of gender, religion, ethnicity and geographical area. Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) is a brief treatment and consists of cognitive therapy, acupoint stimulation on selected meridians of the body. The EFT is a self- help therapeutic tool to reduce the distress level. However, existing literature may not be sufficient to demonstrate effectiveness of adding adjuvant therapy, EFT will enhance the outcome among depressive patients along with conventional treatment. Aim: To determine effectiveness of add-on EFT on treating depression among patients with depression and to find out the effect of predictive variables on depression level. Materials and Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design, involving a control group, conducted among patients admitted in open ward for observation and treatment in Hospital for Mental Health, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, with in this study, 100 samples were selected by convenience sampling technique and data collection was done from March 2019 to July 2019. The Beck Depression Inventory was administered on first day to all the patients. In one group EFT was administered for 40 minutes for three consecutive days along with routine treatment. The other group {Treatment as usual (TAU) group} received only conventional treatment. Depression level was evaluated on third day after intervention by an independent assessor among both the groups. Data were analysed using frequency distribution, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: A total of 100 subjects were included in study. Mean age (years) of EFT group was 44±12 and 42±13 among TAU group. In EFT group 24 (48%) were males and 26 (52%) were females; while it was 26 (52%) males and 24 (48%) females in TAU group. Mean depression score was 30.82±2 before intervention and after intervention it was found 27.20±4 among TAU group. Mean depression score was 30.96±3 before intervention and after intervention it came down to 24±4 in EFT group. On univariate logistic regression analysis, significant association was found with age less than 29 years {Odds Ratios (OR) 2.68; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) =0.398- 18.1}, primary education (OR 6.759; 95% CI=1.106- 41.296), secondary education (OR 2.95: 95% CI=0.56-15.66). Conclusion: Study concludes that adding EFT as an adjuvant therapy along with conventional treatment antidepressant and psychotherapy will enhance the outcome of depression level among patients with depression.
Hype and Hope of Emerging Therapies to Safeguard against COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shewale Sunil , Undale Vaishali , Parekh Sameer , Pujari Pramod , Shelar Maruti , Chitlange Sohan
Published: November 2021

The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease presenting with multiple non specific symptoms and caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Despite its dissemination and worsening trends researchers are still searching for the best treatment option. Timely diagnosis is the key to get more appropriate treatment regimen. Several clinical trials are ongoing to determine the efficacy and safety of existing and new therapies against Coronavirus Disease -2019 (COVID-19). These include corticosteroids, antivirals, monoclonal antibodies, interferon Alpha 2b and other immune modulators. In addition to treatment, efficacious and safe vaccines are required to slow viral transmission and to prevent further morbidity and mortality. The vaccination is useful tool to get control over the virus. Although, mass immunisation campaigns are ongoing in many countries, global coverage is crucial for getting the pandemic under control. This descriptive review collated the information on current diagnostics tools for determination of COVID-19 infection and available preventive and therapeutic strategies based on the ongoing clinical trials data and published literature.
A Case of Partial Trisomy of 10q and Partial Monosomy of 6p Resulting from Maternal t(6;10) (p23;q24)
Authors: Sabnis Anjali Satyen , Pais Anurita S , Pradhan Gauri
Published: November 2021

Chromosomal analysis is practiced routinely since long time in congenital malformations to find out structural and or numerical chromosomal aberrations. Translocation is one of the structural chromosomal aberrations where exchange of genetic material between the chromosomes is seen because of two breakpoints. On the basis of involvement of type of chromosome, two different types of translocation are defined. A case of two-year-old girl child with the history of developmental delay, generalised hypotonia and recurrent infections was reported whose cytogenetic analysis showed additional genetic material on ‘p’ arm of one chromosome 6. To find out the additional genetic material, parental chromosomal study was done which revealed balanced translocation between ‘q’ arm of chromosome 10 and ‘p’ arm of chromosome 6 and normal chromosomal pattern in father. Balanced translocation in mother gave rise to formation of derivative chromosome 6 which was transmitted to daughter causing partial trisomy of 10q and partial monosomy of 6p. This gain and loss of genetic material could be the cause of phenotypic features. In the current case, karyotyping was an investigation of choice and offering genetic counselling regarding prenatal diagnosis in future pregnancy was a thoughtful step.
Bioengineered Approach for Ex situ Vermiextraction of Acenaphthylene, Benzo (E)Pyrene and Benzo (Ghi) Perylene Soil Contamination
Authors: Fawole C. , Salami S. J. , Dashak D. A. , Chimezie-Nwosu H. A.
Published: November 2021

The ex situ study of vermiextraction of Acenaphthylene (AcPY), Benzo(e)pyrene (BeP) and Benzo(ghi)perylene (BP) form constructed vermiculture containing petroleum contaminated soil (8.00±0.01, 9.80±0.00 and 5.02±0.00 mg/kg respectively) and vermiaccumulation (AcPY, 1.05±0.00, BeP, 2.01±0.00 and BP, 1.73±0.00 mg/kg) by Esenia fetida squirms with mean vermiremoval efficiency of 100% while vermiconversions were AcPY, 86.88, BeP, 79.49 and BP, 65.54%. The identification and quantification of the 3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3PAHs) were performed by GS/MD in accordance with analytical procedure of US. EPA 8270; 625. The bioengineered approach by E. fetida squirms in the vermiculture proved effective to detoxify and remove the persistent organic pollutants of the 3PAHs.

The ex situ study of vermiextraction of Acenaphthylene (AcPY), Benzo(e)pyrene (BeP) and Benzo(ghi)perylene (BP) form constructed vermiculture containing petroleum contaminated soil (8.00±0.01, 9.80±0.00 and 5.02±0.00 mg/kg respectively) and vermiaccumulation (AcPY, 1.05±0.00, BeP, 2.01±0.00 and BP, 1.73±0.00 mg/kg) by Esenia fetida squirms with mean vermiremoval efficiency of 100% while vermiconversions were AcPY, 86.88, BeP, 79.49 and BP, 65.54%. The identification and quantification of the 3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3PAHs) were performed by GS/MD in accordance with analytical procedure of US. EPA 8270; 625. The bioengineered approach by E. fetida squirms in the vermiculture proved effective to detoxify and remove the persistent organic pollutants of the 3PAHs.
Effect of Integrated Approach on Growth and Yield Attributes of Maize
Authors: Nandini P. , Laxminarayana P. , Rekha K. Bhanu , Anjaiah T.
Published: November 2021

The investigation was carried out in sandy loam soils at college farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad during kharif, 2019. From results it can be concluded that growth parameters which were recorded at 30 days after sowing (DAS), Knee-high stage, 60 DAS and at harvest like SPAD, leaf area and at flowering parameters like days to 50% tasseling and silking were shown highest in treatment T5-RDF + FYM enrichment with 50 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 and also it was on par with T7-RDF + ZSB (1kg/100 kg FYM) + 0.2% Foliar spray of ZnSO4 (Knee-high and Tasseling stages). Similar trends has been recorded in case of yield attributes like number of rows cob-1, number of kernels row-1, total no. of kernels cob-1, kernels weight cob-1 and test weight.
Relationship between Obesity-Related Hypertension: A Narrative Review
Authors: Dehbandi Behdad , Saeed Hafiz Fahad Ullah , Furqan Muhammad , Khan Ubaid , Akhtar Muhammad Farhan , Siddque Hafiz Muhammad Waqas
Published: November 2021

The main cause of obesity is an imbalance in consumption and caloric intake. Obesity is described as an excessive and abnormal accumulation of more than 20 percent of body fat in an individual's average body weight. The average body weight refers to an “individual's maximum healthy weight,” which is determined primarily by their height, age, and muscular growth. Obesity, however, is diagnosed by calculating the BMI which is a measure of individual’s body weight and height.  Additionally, according to the National Institutes of Health, a person with a maximum limit of BMI of 30 kg/m2 is declared obese. Moreover, despite World Health Organization concerns, the prevalence of obesity is increasing among children and adults worldwide. Excessive overweight continues to the most underestimated public health problems on a global scale, including the fact that obesity is linked with an increased risk of sickness, disability, and death.  Cardiovascular disorders, especially diabetes and hypertension have become a leading cause of death globally and these are the primary illnesses linked with obesity. However, the mechanisms behind obesity-related hypertension and other metabolic disorders remain little understood. In this present review, we discussed the correlation between cardiovascular disease and obesity, focusing on the biological processes underlying the relationship between hypertension and obesity.
Association of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in Relation to Disease Activity in Lupus
Authors: Abhishek M. , Gowrishankar A. , Kavitha M.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Among the various clinical and biochemical parameters which are employed to monitor the disease activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Mean Platelet Volume, which is a platelet activation biomarker has been recently studied. We intended at evaluating the MPV in patients with active SLE and comparing it with the same patients who were in clinical remission, and to study the correlation between MPV and SLEDAI. We also studied the correlation between MPV and ESR, complements C3 and C4.

Methods: This is a prospective study conducted for a period of 12 months, in which 50 consecutive patients who were recently diagnosed with SLE according to the SLICC classification criteria were included. Complete blood count with MPV levels along with ESR, were measured at the first visit to the hospital and were repeated at every visit till they attained clinical remission. Analysis of MPV was done at first visit and at remission. Complements C3 and C4 was done at the first visit and at remission. The results were then tabulated and statistically analysed using SPSS 25. A Pearson’s correlation test was done to assess the relation between MPV, ESR and SLEDAI.

Results: Patients with active disease had a decreased MPV as compared to those in clinical remission (10.91fl, 13.11fl, p=0.011). We observed a weak positive correlation between MPV and SLEDAI (r=0.034, p=0.011). We observed no correlation between MPV and ESR, C3 and C4. Meanwhile, SLEDAI showed a positive correlation with C3 and C4; there was no correlation with ESR though.

Conclusion: MPV is reduced in patients with active SLE and displayed an inverse correlation with SLEDAI.
Thyroid Function Test in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Abhinaya V. , Kumar S. Magesh
Published: November 2021

Background: Kidneys have a significant role in the metabolism, degradation and excretion of thyroid hormones. Both thyroid hormones and kidney functions have a multifaceted mutual interdependence.

Objectives: To find out the possible association between the severity of chronic kidney disease and thyroid dysfunction; To estimate the correlation between thyroid dysfunction and various stages of chronic kidney disease.

Materials and Methods: A prospective Cross-sectional study was done on 50 patients with Chronic kidney disease who were not on dialysis and fulfilled all the inclusion criteria at Saveetha medical college over a period of 6 months. Free T3, Free T4 and TSH levels were estimated for those patients.

Results: Results of this study showed that majority of subjects included in our study were in the age group of 50-60 years with Male predominance. Out of 50 patients included in our study, 8 patients(16%) were found to hypothyroidism; 5 patients (10%) were having subclinical hypothyroidism; 20 patients (40%) were having low T3 syndrome and 17 patients (34%) were having normal functioning thyroid gland. Staging of CKD was done in relation to the glomerular filtration rate .Most of the patients(n=20) were in Stage 5 of Chronic kidney disease out of which 18 patients were having thyroid disorders.

Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the severity of CKD and thyroid dysfunction. Hence a routine thyroid function status should be evaluated in each and every patient of CKD to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate of CKD patients as well as reduce the social burden and health expenditure.
Incidence of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in Head Injury Patients
Authors: Synthia Celastina , Rameshwar .
Published: November 2021

Background: Traumatic brain injury is a common secondary cause of  Benign Paroxysmal  Positional Vertigo(BPPV).

Objective: To determine the incidence and clinical profile of patients with BPPV in mild and moderate head injury.

Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study done in patients admitted with  mild and moderate head injury who developed BPPV from January 2020 to March 2020 in a tertiary care hospital of  South India. Demographic and clinical parameters were noted and were treated with canalith repositioning procedures.

Results: Among 42 patients admitted with mild and moderate head injury, 9(21.4%) were diagnosed with BPPV in the follow up. The male female ratio was 2.5:1. The mean age was 44 ±21.4years.Two wheeler accidents contributed to nearly half of (55.6%) traumatic BPPV. Posterior canal was commonly involved in 7(77.8%) followed by horizontal in 2 (22.2%).The type of head injury was mild in 7 (77.8%) and moderate in 2 (22.2%) in traumatic BPPV patients. 5 (55.6%) patients with BPPV had abnormal findings in neuroimaging. 4 (44.4%) patients developed recurrent BPPV in our cohort.

Conclusion: The incidence of traumatic BPPV was 21.4% in our study. Road traffic accidents due to two wheeler accidents were the common mode of head trauma. Posterior canal was commonly involved in three fourth of cases. Recurrence of vertigo was documented in 4 (44.4%).
A Study to Assess the Prevalence of Nomophobia among School Going Children
Authors: Joe Binu , Linson C. C.
Published: November 2021

Our lives have been drastically altered by smart phones. Nowadays, we can't do anything without our phones. We must analyse ourselves or think clearly in order to determine whether a cell phone is a boon or a curse. We are all a part of technoculture. Schoolchildren have also been immersed in this aspect of techno-culture during the previous two years. We must properly prepare technology because each technology has both positive and negative elements. Overuse of mobile phones is extremely dangerous to one's health. Students need to have mobile phone to attend classes from the comforts of their home. Smart phone has become the basic necessity of school children daily life and students are slowly coping with this new method of technology for their academic progress.  Over usage of mobile phone leads to such an extent that children comes across a situation where they cannot live without the use of mobile phone. Such a situation when students start to have fear when they cannot access their smart phones is known has nomophobia. The present study was carried among the school going children in the Surendernagar district of Gujarat. The findings of the study reveal that overall 52.58 % of the study subjects had moderate level of Nomophobia. Around 32.58 % of the study subjects had mild level of nomophobia. 14.40 of the school children had severe level of nomophobia, while only 0.44% had no signs and symptoms of Nomophobia. Mobile phones have lead to disturbance in the family relationship.
Role of Ultrasonogram in Acute Abdomen in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Pazhambalacode Vaishnavi Venkat , Paarthipan N. , Kumar G. Naveen , Seena C. R.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Acute abdomen is a common presentation seen in the emergency department.Patients most commonly present with pain, which is a broad spectrum for assessment. Hence the clinician often needs an aid to come to a diagnosis. Ultrasonography is one of the leading imaging modality that helps to confirm the diagnosis made by the clinician.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Radiology at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital between January 2021 to April 2021 with the objective to assess the efficacy of ultrasound in acute abdomen. Hundred patients who were admitted in the hospital with abdominal pain were chosen. Patients with the history of trauma, history of chronic abdominal pain and pregnant women were excluded from the study.Clinical history, physical examination, ultrasonogram, per-operative clinical findings and histopathological examination were used to come to the final conclusion.

Results: Out of hundred patients sixty-four (64%) were managed surgically. After obtaining histopathological results it was found that the sensitivity of ultrasound to diagnose a surgical condition was less compared to the histopathological investigation. The remaining thirty-six(36%) were managed medically after obtaining the diagnosis from ultrasound,lab investigations and higher imaging modalities like magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and computerized tomography(CT). The specificity of ultrasonogram was found to be really high while the sensitivity was less compared to other imaging modalities.

Conclusion: Ultrasonogram has established itself as a rapid,safe and cost effective imaging modality. It aids the clinician to come to a diagnosis or to confirm it leading to accurate treatment and patient survival.
A SUBVERSÃO PROUSTIANA DA MEMÓRIA: UMA LEITURA ENTRE A INSPIRAÇÃO DA TEORIA DE BERGSON E AS FORMULAÇÕES FREUDIANAS
Authors: Catão Alvinan Magno lopes , Lazzarini Eliana Rigotto , Maesso Márcia Cristina
Published: November 2021

Este artigo se propõe a discutir a concepção de memória e lembrança em Proust, comparando-a com a teoria de Bergson e com as formulações de Freud. Partindo da leitura e análise do livro No Caminho de Swann, sustenta-se a ideia de que Proust, apesar de ter se inspirado em Bergson, desenvolveu outra formulação de memória e lembrança. Graças à sua experiência estética literária, Proust descobre e evidencia a memória involuntária ou inconsciente que não depende do esforço consciente, subvertendo o sentido original da teoria bergsoniana que concebe o prolongamento do passado no presente como algo da consciência. Procurou-se apresentar que esta subversão da memória aproxima nocionalmente Proust das formulações freudianas, nas quais o inconsciente está no cerne.
Bacteriophages: Tailed
Authors: Duda Robert L , Huet Alexis
Published: November 2021

Tailed bacteriophages are a widely distributed order of viruses that infect bacteria and Archaea. They all have a double‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) chromosome that is protected by an icosahedral capsid with a tail attached to one vertex. The tail is a specialised organelle that recognises the host and transfers the phage chromosome from inside the capsid to the host cytoplasm. Tails exhibit diverse morphologies that are divided into the three main classes: (1) short, (2) long and flexible and (3) long and contractile, that are used to define the three families of phage. The DNA‐filled capsids are icosahedral in shape, come in a range of sizes and are sometimes elongated along the tail axis. During infection, a phage may immediately take over the host to make new virions and lyse the cell (lytic cycle), or it may enter a dormant state, often by integrating its genome into the host genome (lysogenic cycle).

Key Concepts

Tailed bacteriophages are widespread in nature, but quite variable in size, shape and genetic content.

During infection, phages may deliver both their DNA chromosome and proteins into the infected cell in order to take over the cell and replicate.

Phage DNA replication mechanisms vary widely, but they usually make a large molecule that contains multiple copies of the phage genome that is used for packaging.

New phage particles are built using separate assembly pathways for capsids, tails and tail fibers.

Capsids are built as empty precursors using a scaffold that is discarded and tails are only added after the capsids are filled with DNA.

Tailed bacteriophages very likely evolved from a common ancestor.
Membrane‐Bound Protein Complexes for Photosynthesis and Respiration in Cyanobacteria
Authors: Nagarajan Aparna , Pakrasi Himadri B
Published: November 2021

Cyanobacteria are the evolutionarily oldest organisms with the capability of evolving oxygen, giving rise to the present day atmosphere. These prokaryotic microorganisms have the unique ability to perform oxygenic photosynthesis and respiration in the same cellular compartment. Some cyanobacteria can also fix atmospheric nitrogen alongside oxygenic photosynthesis and respiration. The redox components of these electron transport pathways are known to intersect in cyanobacteria. Majority of the energy‐intensive processes occur in specialised membranes known as thylakoids. The coexistence of such remarkably complex metabolic pathways in a single cyanobacterial cell provides them with the potential to thrive in a wide variety of ecosystems. This metabolic complexity has sparked significant interest towards cyanobacterial research for the production of various high‐value compounds with applications in the food, feed and fuel industry.

Key Concepts

Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotic microorganisms with the extraordinary capability of converting sunlight to chemical energy and evolving molecular oxygen as a byproduct.

Complex metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and respiration coexist and predominantly occur in highly specialised thylakoid membranes.

The photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chain shares several components between these processes, a situation unique to oxygenic photosynthetic organisms.

In ambient light conditions, photosynthetic electron transport chain has a much higher capacity for ATP synthesis than respiration.
Brassinosteroids
Authors: Wei Zhuoyun , Gou Xiaoping , Li Jia
Published: November 2021

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are specific phytosteroids necessary for ordinary plant growth and development. BRs share similar chemical structures with animal steroidal hormones, but show a distinctive signal perception mechanism. The importance of BRs is illustrated by the typical phenotypes of mutants with lesions in key biosynthetic or signalling proteins. These mutants show severe dwarfism, curled and round leaves, considerably delayed senescence, reduced male fertility, altered light‐regulated developmental programs, changed responses to abiotic and biotic stresses and modified gene expression profiles. Extensive studies in the last four decades have resulted in a comprehensive picture of BRs, from their nearly completed biosynthesis and physiological functions to their mechanisms of action.

Key Concepts

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential plant hormones regulating various developmental processes.

BRs show structures similar to animal steroidal hormones.

Brassinolide is the final product of the BR biosynthetic pathway and the most active BR.

BRs are perceived by transmembrane receptor complexes including the receptor BRI1 and co‐receptor BAK1.

BRs cannot be transported in a long distant manner.

BES1 and BZR1 are the critical downstream transcription factors regulating the expression of thousands of BR response genes.
Ocular‐motor deception testing in civilly detained sexually violent persons: An alternative to post‐conviction sex offender polygraph testing?
Authors: Mundt James C. , Smith Jason W. , Ambroziak Gina
Published: November 2021

Post‐conviction polygraph testing during sex offender (PCSOT) treatment is common. Ocular‐motor deception testing (ODT) uses measures of cognitive load to assess credibility. The accuracy of ODT for discriminating deceptive from truthful response patterns in sexually violent persons was evaluated. Participants chose to ‘steal’ a voucher of monetary value and try to ‘beat the machine,’ or leave the voucher and respond truthfully. Compensation was determined by participants' choices and the results of the ODT credibility assessment. Experiment 1 (n = 26) established a base rate of deception to optimize the ODT scoring model. Experiment 2 (n = 74) tested generalizability of the results. Tests of noninferiority found observed accuracy rates were not significantly less than published rates of 80%. Results support use of ODT methods as a potential alternative to PCSOT. Legal and ethical issues regarding the use of deception detection technologies impacting individuals involved in criminal justice systems are discussed.
Are childhood maltreatment narratives incoherent? A different story
Authors: Zhu Na , Hakim‐Larson Julie
Published: November 2021

There is ongoing debate on whether adults' narratives of trauma memories are similarly or less coherent than those of non‐trauma memories. For child maltreatment, relevant studies have focused on child/adolescent narratives rather than adult narratives of sexual abuse and found that these narratives were less coherent than non‐abuse narratives. This study examined and compared the coherence level of maltreatment versus positive event narratives in 204 adults (Mage = 25.52, SD = 8.50, 77.9% identified as female, and 66.7% identified as Caucasian). Results showed that adults' narratives of their child maltreatment were similarly or more coherent than that of non‐trauma, positive events (Cohen's d = .16–.50). The length of narratives was related to coherence level. This study added to the literature by contrasting the coherence level of child maltreatment versus non‐trauma narratives in adults, an area of limited study. Results suggested a resilient sample who can narrate their maltreatment events coherently.
Rivers of Light—Ternary Exciplex Blends for High Efficiency Solution‐Processed Red Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Saghaei Jaber , Russell Steven M. , Jin Hui , Burn Paul L. , Pivrikas Almantas , Shaw Paul E.
Published: November 2021

Red‐emitting organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are important for displays and lighting, with the latter benefiting from solution processable materials, which would enable low embedded energy, scalable fabrication. Herein, the effect of annealing and phase separation on the performance of solution‐processed OLEDs incorporating a light‐emitting layer composed of the exciplex host, m‐MTDATA:OXD‐7, and a red phosphorescent light‐emitting dendrimer, Ir(tDCpq)3, is described. Solution‐processed OLEDs containing an annealed emissive layer with a low dendrimer concentration (2 wt%) are found to have the best performance, which is higher than the device in which the light‐emitting layer is not annealed. The improvement in the performance of the annealed device is ascribed to improved charge mobility within the emissive layer caused by phase separation of the OXD‐7. The OLEDs containing annealed m‐MTDATA:OXD‐7:(2 wt%) Ir(tDCpq)3 have maximum current, power, and external quantum efficiencies of 17.9 cd A−1, 19.4 lm W−1, and 14.8 ± 0.6%, respectively. The fact that the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.8% is larger than that expected based on the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and the normal out‐coupling efficiency of 20% from a bottom‐emitting device is determined to arise from the different pathways of exciton formation under photoexcitation and charge injection.
Toward Achieving High Kinetics in Anodeless Li2S Battery: Surface Modification of Cu Current Collector
Authors: Jung Yongjo , Park Seoungkyu , Kim Jin Kon , Kim Minkyung , Kang Byoungwoo
Published: November 2021

An anodeless Li2S is a promising battery system, which increases volumetric energy density. However, a severe capacity fading in the anodeless Li2S is observed at a high current density. Here, it is reported that the surface properties of Cu electrode significantly affect kinetics and cycle stability via controlling Li nucleation and Li metal deposition morphology. A native oxide on the surface increases the Li nucleation underpotential and makes porous Li metal structure because its reaction with the polysulfides during cycles leads to the formation of Li2SO4 and the reduction in the polysulfides. After removing the native oxide, the anodeless Li2S cell achieves a fast kinetics up to 10 C (11.66 A g−1) with 312 mAh g−1 and stable cycling (120 cycles at 1 C). Furthermore, high‐loading Li2S (4.5 mg cm−2) anodeless cell is demonstrated by using the modified Cu electrode without the native oxide, achieving good capacity retention for 50 cycles at C/3 and 484 mAh g−1 at reasonable high rate of 1 C. The findings pave the possible way for the practical application of the anodeless Li2S battery that has high energy density and fast kinetics.
Interference‐Free, Multimodal Electronic Skin Matrix with Low‐Power, Monolithic Integrated Circuits
Authors: Cho Changhyeon , Choi Hanbin , Kim Yongchan , Park Heejoo , Kim Dong Jun , Kim Do Hwan , Lee Hojin
Published: November 2021

An interference‐free, flexible multimodal electronic skin matrix (3 × 3 pressure sensor array and four chemical sensors) combined with low‐power, monolithic integrated circuits with coplanar‐type thin‐film transistor arrays is demonstrated to detect mechanical and chemical stimuli simultaneously. This sensing platform is facilitated by a photocrosslinked ionic polymer film including ionic liquids, a solution‐processed amorphous oxide semiconductor, and a protective layer or microhole channel facilitated by a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer film. Consequently, a highly reliable piezocapacitive pressure‐sensing capability under a chemical variation is achieved with an electric double layer mechanism at the interface between the ionic polymer film and electrode. Moreover, selective olfactory detection to various chemicals with high sensitivity is achieved even under a pressing atmosphere via ion–gas interactions in the chemical sensor matrix. The proposed method is expected to contribute toward the practical realization of a new class of multimodal tactile sensors that reflect human–machine interactions.
Light and Thermally Induced Charge Transfer and Ejection of Micro‐/Nanoparticles from Ferroelectric Crystal Surfaces
Authors: Sebastián‐Vicente Carlos , García‐Cabañes Angel , Agulló‐López Fernando , Carrascosa Mercedes
Published: November 2021

During real‐time operation of photovoltaic optoelectronic tweezers, a novel intriguing phenomenon has been recently observed, namely, silver nanoparticles previously deposited on ferroelectric LiNbO3:Fe surfaces are ejected from them by illumination. Here, it is shown that this phenomenon results from the electrical charging of the micro‐/nanoparticles previously trapped on the LiNbO3:Fe surfaces and the subsequent Coulomb repulsion. Specific experiments are performed to determine the sign of the transferred charges, which is negative/positive for the +c/−c sample face, i.e., it coincides with that of the stored charges on each surface. The charging/ejection process is proved to occur regardless of the illuminated crystal surface, the dielectric or metallic nature of the particles, and in different surrounding media. Besides, the role of the excitation light intensity is also explored. Next, to assess the generality of the ejection phenomenon, similar experiments based on the pyroelectric effect are performed, i.e., generating the electric fields by changing the crystal temperature instead of illuminating it. Thereby, thermally driven particle ejection is demonstrated using different ferroelectric crystals. The similarities found for the two approaches throw light on the charge transfer and ejection mechanism and remark the universality of the phenomenon for ferroelectrics, which can find many technological applications.
Racial regularities: Setting‐level dynamics as a source of ethnic‐racial socialization
Authors: Hughes Diane L. , Watford Jon Alexander
Published: November 2021

A substantial literature has focused on how ethnic‐racial socialization from parents shapes youths' racial identities and the meanings they attach to their own and others' racial group membership. We argue that a critically important source of information to youth about the meaning and significance of race, and therefore a key source of ethnic‐racial socialization, resides in youths' exposure to repeated patterns in therelativesocial experiences, opportunities, roles, and outcomes experienced by two or more racial groups across levels of the ecological environment. Drawing on Seidman's concept of a “social regularity” we propose the concept of a “racial regularity” to name, describe and define pervasive and repeated intergroup patterns that youth observe through their daily transactions across settings. Additionally, drawing from the socio‐cognitive developmental literature, we consider why and how racial regularities may inform youths' racial knowledge. Finally, we illustrate our perspective using existing ethnographies of racial dynamics in schools and neighborhoods vis‐à‐vis youths' racial knowledge.
Strategizing public‐facing work within an academic career
Authors: Tommy Kimberleigh , Hawks John
Published: November 2021

Background

Most anthropological researchers will engage with the public at some stage of their career. Some develop strong skills in public‐facing work, building bridges between local and global communities and the scientific enterprise. Anthropology and archaeology are unsustainable without such community support. Yet engagement work often goes unrecognized and unrewarded within academic institutions.

Aims

We focus on ways to translate the value of public‐facing work within academic career trajectories. We consider some of the challenges and benefits of such work for early career researchers and for senior researchers, and we provide guidance that will be helpful across a broad range of career objectives.

Materials and Methods

This study employs narratives of both early career and senior anthropologists.

Results

Both early career and senior researchers report challenges and successes in building public‐facing work.

Discussion

Pursuing public‐facing work in ways that are recognized in academic settings can be challenging both in early career and senior settings. The advice in this paper can help individuals build strategies that will lead to sustainable engagement and career progress.

Conclusion

Attaining a balance between research and public engagement benefits both the fields of anthropology and human biology.
Organocatalytic Decarboxylation and Dual C(sp3)−H Bond Functionalization Toward Facile Access to Divergent 2,6‐Diarylpyridines
Authors: Gujjarappa Raghuram , Vodnala Nagaraju , Musib Dulal , Malakar Chandi C.
Published: November 2021

An effective organocatalytic protocol toward the assembly of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 2,6‐diarylpyridines is demonstrated. The reaction proceeds through organocatalytic decarboxylation of amino acid and dual C(sp3)−H bond oxidation of carbonyl compounds. Catalyst screening revealed that explicit choice of L‐proline could lead the formation of product with maximum yield and selectivity. The developed process appears with operational simplicity and is consistent with broad range of functional groups.
Jet propagation through inhomogeneous media and shock ionization
Authors: Perucho Manel , López‐Miralles Jose , Reynaldi Victoria , Labiano Álvaro
Published: November 2021

In this contribution, we present the first numerical simulations of a relativistic outflow propagating through the inner hundreds of parsecs of its host galaxy, including atomic and ionized hydrogen, and the cooling effects of ionization. Our results are preliminary, but we observe efficient shock ionization of atomic hydrogen in interstellar clouds. The mean density of the interstellar medium in these initial simulations is lower than that expected in typical galaxies, which makes cooling times longer and thus no recombination is observed inside the shocked region. The velocities achieved by the shocked gas in the simulations are in agreement with observational results, although with a wide spectrum of values.
Modeling changing‐look active galactic nuclei phenomenon in 1D using accretion disk instabilities
Authors: Śniegowska Marzena , Grzędzielski Mikołaj , Czerny Bożena , Janiuk Agnieszka
Published: November 2021

Apart from regular, low‐level stochastic variability, some active galactic nuclei (AGN) occasionally show exceptionally large changes in the luminosity, spectral shape, and/or X‐ray absorption. The most notable are the changes of the spectral type when the source classified as a Seyfert 1 becomes a Seyfert 2 galaxy or vice versa. Thus, a name was coined of “changing‐look AGN” (CL AGN). The origin of this phenomenon is still unknown, but for most of the sources, there are strong arguments in favor of the intrinsic changes. Understanding the nature of such rapid changes is a challenge to the models of black hole accretion flows since the timescales of the changes are much shorter than the standard disk viscous timescales. We aim to model the CL AGN phenomenon assuming that the underlying mechanism is the time‐dependent evolution of a black hole accretion disk unstable due to the dominant radiation pressure. We use a one‐dimensional, vertically integrated disk model, but we allow for the presence of the hot coronal layer above the disk and the presence of the inner purely hot flow. We focus on the variability timescales and amplitudes, which can be regulated by the action of large‐scale magnetic fields, the description of the disk‐corona coupling and the presence of an inner optically thin flow, like advection‐dominated accretion flow. We compare model predictions for the accretion disk around black hole mass .
Skin aging: Dermal adipocytes metabolically reprogram dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Kruglikov Ilja L. , Zhang Zhuzhen , Scherer Philipp E.
Published: November 2021

Emerging data connects the aging process in dermal fibroblasts with metabolic reprogramming, provided by enhanced fatty acid oxidation and reduced glycolysis. This switch may be caused by a significant expansion of the dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) layer in aged, hair‐covered skin. Dermal adipocytes cycle through de‐differentiation and re‐differentiation. As a result, there is a strongly enhanced release of free fatty acids into the extracellular space during the de‐differentiation of dermal adipocytes in the catagen phase of the hair follicle cycle. Both caveolin‐1 and adiponectin are critical factors influencing these processes. Controlling the expression levels of these two factors also offers the ability to manipulate the metabolic preferences of the different cell types within the microenvironment of the skin, including dermal fibroblasts. Differential expression of adiponectin and caveolin‐1 in the various cell types may also be responsible for the cellular metabolic heterogeneity within the cells of the skin.
New luminometric method for quantification of biological sulfur nucleophiles with the participation of 9‐cyano‐10‐methylacridinium salt
Authors: Ievtukhov Vladyslav , Zadykowicz Beata , Blazheyevskiy Mykola Ye. , Krzymiński Karol
Published: November 2021

Biologically active compounds containing sulfhydryl groups (RSHs: N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine, d‐penicillamine, glutathione and acetylthiocholine chloride) were used to develop a luminometric method for their quantification. The title substrate capable of chemiluminescence (CL) was isolated in a highly pure state as a chloride salt (99.9% using RP‐HPLC) and identified using mass spectrometry (ESI Q‐TOF) and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The cation included in the salt, 9‐CMA+, underwent oxidation in an alkaline environment containing RSHs by molecular oxygen, generating CL of various intensities, with no need for the use of hydrogen peroxide. The amount of produced light was linearly proportional to the content of investigated analytes in the system over the concentration range ~0.2–2 μM, with the detection limits in the range 0.19–1.73 μM. The mechanism of chemiluminogenic oxidation of 9‐CMA+ in the presence of RSHs and molecular oxygen is proposed, using computational methods at the density‐functional theory level. The presence of RSHs in an alkaline medium seems to be crucial to produce hydroperoxide anions (−OOH), which initiate the ‘light path’ of 9‐CMA+ transformations, ending with the excretion of electronically excited molecules of 10 methyl‐acridan‐9‐one.
Developing a grading scale for the evaluation of degenerative changes in uncovertebral (Luschka) joints
Authors: Stoychev Vladimir , Simonovich Azaria , Alperovitch‐Najenson Deborah , Tzelnik Michal , Kalichman Leonid
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to develop a grading scale for evaluating degenerative changes in uncovertebral joints (UVJs) found on computed tomography (CT) scans, and assess the intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of this scale. The study included 50 subjects (average age 55.12 ± 13.76 years) referred for CT examinations due to cervical complaints. Three researchers developed a reading protocol using a semiquantitative grading scale of UVJ degenerative changes. CTs were read and reread several times to refine the protocol. Subsequently, the reader read and reread 20 CTs (C3–C7 bilateral, altogether 200 UVJs) 2 weeks apart in order to assess the intra‐rater reliability. The second reader, after the training, read the same 20 CTs (yet, C4–C6 bilateral, altogether 120 UVJs) in order to assess the inter‐rater reliability. The additional 30 CTs were evaluated to analyze the prevalence and associations between the studied parameters. The final grading scale included joint space narrowing, osteophyte, subchondral sclerosis, subchondral cyst, hypertrophy, cortical erosion, and vacuum phenomenon. The intra‐rater agreement ranged from very good in joint space narrowing (k = 0.757), osteophyte grade (k = 0.748), subchondral cyst (k = 0.716), hypertrophy (k = 0.728), vacuum phenomenon (k = 0.712) to good (k = 0.544) in subchondral sclerosis, and fair in cortical erosion (k = 0.36). For the overall UVJ degeneration grade, the intra‐rater agreement was very good (k = 0.616) and the inter‐rater reliability was good (k = 0.468). 77.6% of the evaluated UVJs exhibited some degenerative changes. Our grading scale is the first to evaluate UVJs presenting good‐very good intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability which can be utilized in further clinical studies and assess degenerative changes in UVJs.
Cardiac complications in a patient affected by systemic mastocytosis and primitive myelofibrosis: A case report
Authors: Suppa Marianna , Marino Luca , Piccari Pietro , Masselli Gabriele , Gradini Roberto
Published: November 2021

Systemic mastocytosis with associated primitive myelofibrosis is a rare and complex disease with a difficult therapeutic management. The release of several inflammation mediators can trigger acute cardiovascular events.
Cutaneous larva migrans in early infancy: A Ugandan case report
Authors: Muwanguzi Eria , Kayiira Mubaraka , Kasozi Derrick , Kigozi Enos
Published: November 2021

Helminths are an important cause of worm infestation in low‐income countries. The majority spread with soil to skin contact. In unusual patients presenting below 1 year, treatment can be challenging. The disease can be self‐limiting; however, treatment is believed to reduce progression to more serious disease. Here, we present a case of a 3‐month‐old with cutaneous larva migrans.
Anterior dislocation of a total knee arthroplasty in a patient with postoperative delirium: a case report
Authors: Kim Jin‐Hong , Lee Su Chan , Nam Chang Hyun , Kim Taehyeon , Ahn Hye Sun , Baek Ji‐Hoon
Published: November 2021

We report a rare case of traumatic anterior dislocation in a patient with postoperative delirium following total knee arthroplasty. The patient was successfully treated by open reduction of the dislocation and polyethylene liner change. Recognition of risk factors for postoperative delirium is important for the prevention of this uncommon injury.
Wie kommt die Farbe ins Kunstwerk?
Authors: Karl Ulrich
Published: November 2021

Am Beginn des europäischen Kunstschaffens im Paläolithikum standen nur natürliche Pigmente wie Ocker, Kalk, Kreide sowie Ruß und Holzkohle zur Verfügung, später auch Zinnober, Azurit und Malachit. Schon früh wurden auch künstlich hergestellte Pigmente wie Ägyptisch Blau, Bleiweiß, Grünspan und Bleizinngelb verwendet. Der Beitrag behandelt anorganische oder organische Farbmittel, die durch Absorption von sichtbarem Licht farbig erscheinen, und diskutiert anhand einer Reihe von Kunstwerken von den alten Ägyptern bis zum 17. Jahrhundert, wie deckende Pigmente und Farblacke in opaken Farbschichten beziehungsweise transparenten Lasuren eingesetzt wurden, um unterschiedlichste Farbeffekte zu erzielen.
Accountable care in oncology: Where do we go from here?
Authors: Lage Daniel E. , Armstrong Katrina A.
Published: November 2021

The report in this issue by Erfani and colleagues confirms that accountable care organizations do not achieve the promise of cancer care cost reduction, leaving open important questions about the effects of accountable care on the quality, coordination, and equity of cancer care delivery.