bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health-Enhancing Physical Activity in Europe—Combined Aerobic Physical Activity and Muscle-Strengthening Exercise Guideline Adherence Among 280,605 Adults From 28 European Countries
Authors: Bennie Jason A. , Wiesner Glen H.
Published: October 2021

Background: Compared with engaging in aerobic physical activity (aerobic PA; eg, walking, running, cycling) or muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE; eg, weight/resistance training) alone, epidemiological evidence suggests that combining both is linked to better health. However, the assessment of both PA modes is rare in health surveillance. This article provides the first multicountry study on the descriptive epidemiology of combined moderate to vigorous PA–MSE guideline adherence. Methods: Data were drawn from the European Health Interview Survey wave 2 (2013–2014), comprising samples from 28 European countries (n = 280,605). Self-reported aerobic PA and MSE were assessed using the validated European Health Interview Survey Physical Activity Questionnaire. The authors calculated the weighted proportions meeting the health-enhancing PA guideline (aerobic PA ≥ 150 min/wk and MSE ≥ 2 sessions/wk). Poisson regression assessed the prevalence ratios for meeting the combined guideline across sociodemographic factors and by country. Results: A total of 15.0% met the health-enhancing PA guideline. The lowest prevalence was from respondents from Southern and Central European countries (Romania, Poland, and Croatia, range: 0.5%–5.7%). Poorer self-rated health, older age, lower income, being female, and being obese had a lower likelihood of meeting the combined guideline. Conclusions: Most European adults do not meet the health-enhancing PA guideline that includes both aerobic PA and MSE.
Selection on ancestral genetic variation fuels repeated ecotype formation in bottlenose dolphins
Authors: Louis Marie , Galimberti Marco , Archer Frederick , Berrow Simon , Brownlow Andrew , Fallon Ramon , Nykänen Milaja , O’Brien Joanne , Roberston Kelly M. , Rosel Patricia E. , Simon-Bouhet Benoit , Wegmann Daniel , Fontaine Michael C. , Foote Andrew D. , Gaggiotti Oscar E.
Published: October 2021

Old genetic variants were key to the ability of bottlenose dolphins to repeatedly adapt to coastal waters across the world.
A novel therapeutic strategy for skeletal disorders: Proof of concept of gene therapy for X-linked hypophosphatemia
Authors: Zhukouskaya Volha V. , Jauze Louisa , Charles Séverine , Leborgne Christian , Hilliquin Stéphane , Sadoine Jérémy , Slimani Lotfi , Baroukh Brigitte , van Wittenberghe Laetitia , Danièle Natalie , Rajas Fabienne , Linglart Agnès , Mingozzi Federico , Chaussain Catherine , Bardet Claire , Ronzitti Giuseppe
Published: October 2021

A new therapeutic approach for the treatment of a skeletal disorder with AAVs bypasses bone resistance to gene transfer.
Differential Effects of Early-Life and Postweaning Galacto-oligosaccharide Intervention on Colonic Bacterial Composition and Function in Weaning Piglets
Authors: Tian Shiyi , Wang Jue , Wang Jing , Zhu Weiyun
Published: October 2021

Reducing the disorders of the gut ecosystem is an effective way to relieve weaning stresses of piglets and minimize economic losses in the modern swine industry. To this end, prebiotics have been often added to their diet during the weaning transition.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Authors: Teh Joanne S. K. , Pantelis Ioanna , Chen Xiao , Sadlon Tania , Papanaoum Kelly , Gordon David L.
Published: October 2021

Evaluation of penicillin and oxacillin susceptibility testing was conducted on 200
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
isolates. Disc diffusion with penicillin 1 IU (P1, EUCAST) and penicillin 10 IU (P10, CLSI) was compared with nitrocefin discs (Cefinase) and automated broth microdilution (Vitek 2).
Chemical Evolution of Rhinovirus Identifies Capsid-Destabilizing Mutations Driving Low-pH-Independent Genome Uncoating
Authors: Murer Luca , Petkidis Anthony , Vallet Thomas , Vignuzzi Marco , Greber Urs F.
Published: October 2021

Rhinoviruses (RVs) are the predominant agents causing the common cold. Anti-RV drugs and vaccines are not available, largely due to rapid evolutionary adaptation of RVs giving rise to resistant mutants and an immense diversity of antigens in more than 160 different RV types.
Distinct Roles of Type I and Type III Interferons during a Native Murine β Coronavirus Lung Infection
Authors: Sharma Lokesh , Peng Xiaohua , Qing Hua , Hilliard Brandon K. , Kim Jooyoung , Swaminathan Anush , Tian Justin , Israni-Winger Kavita , Zhang Cuiling , Habet Victoria , Wang Lin , Gupta Gayatri , Tian Xuefei , Ma Yina , Shin Hyeon-Jun , Kim Sang-Hun , Kang Min-Jong , Ishibe Shuta , Young Lawrence H. , Kotenko Sergei , Compton Susan , Wilen Craig B. , Wang Andrew , Dela Cruz Charles S.
Published: October 2021

The antiviral and pathological potential of type I and type III interferons during coronavirus infection remains poorly defined, and opposite findings have been reported. We report that both type I and type III interferons have anticoronaviral activities, but their potency and organ specificity differ.
Proteomic Analysis of Nuclear Hepatitis B Virus Relaxed Circular DNA-Associated Proteins Identifies UV-Damaged DNA Binding Protein as a Host Factor Involved in Covalently Closed Circular DNA Formation
Authors: Marchetti Alexander L. , Zhang Hu , Kim Elena S. , Yu Xiaoyang , Jang Sunbok , Wang Mu , Guo Haitao
Published: October 2021

Serving as a key viral factor for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is formed in the cell nucleus from viral relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) by hijacking host DNA repair machinery. Previous studies have identified several host DNA repair factors involved in cccDNA formation through hypothesis-driven research with some help from RNA interference (RNAi) screening and/or biochemistry approaches.
Core Protein-Directed Antivirals and Importin β Can Synergistically Disrupt Hepatitis B Virus Capsids
Authors: Kim Christine , Barnes Lauren F. , Schlicksup Christopher J. , Patterson Angela J. , Bothner Brian , Jarrold Martin F. , Wang Che-Yen Joseph , Zlotnick Adam
Published: October 2021

The HBV core, an icosahedral complex of 120 copies of the homodimeric core (capsid) protein with or without packaged nucleic acid, is transported to the host nucleus by its interaction with host importin proteins. Importin-core interaction requires the core protein C-terminal domain, which is inside the capsid, to “flip” to the capsid exterior.
Combined effect of Polymyxin B and Tigecycline to overcome Heteroresistance in Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Tian Yuan , Zhang QiaoYu , Wen LiRong , Chen JianSen
Published: October 2021

Tigecycline and colistin are two of the last treatment options remaining for carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
. Unfortunately, tigecycline resistance and colistin heteroresistance are also increasing rapidly.
Combined Treatment of 6-Gingerol Analog and Tobramycin for Inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections
Authors: Ham So-Young , Kim Han-Shin , Jo Min Jee , Lee Jeong-Hoon , Byun Youngjoo , Ko Gang-Jee , Park Hee-Deung
Published: October 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a pathogen that causes various infectious diseases through quorum-sensing regulation. Although antibiotics are mainly used to treat
P. aeruginosa
infections, they cause the emergence of resistant bacteria in humans.
Viral and Atypical Bacterial Detection in Young Nepalese Children Hospitalized with Severe Pneumonia
Authors: Mathisen Maria , Basnet Sudha , Christensen Andreas , Sharma Arun K. , Tylden Garth , Krokstad Sidsel , Valentiner-Branth Palle , Strand Tor A.
Published: October 2021

Respiratory viruses are an important cause of respiratory tract infections in children but are underrecognized as a cause of pneumonia hospitalization in low-income settings. Previously, we detected at least one of seven respiratory viruses by PCR in 30% of young Nepalese children hospitalized with severe pneumonia over a period of 36 months.
Rapid and Accurate Antibiotic Susceptibility Determination of
tet
(X)-Positive E. coli Using RNA Biomarkers
Authors: Zhang Haijie , Li Yan , Jiang Yongjia , Lu Xiaoyu , Li Ruichao , Peng Daxin , Wang Zhiqiang , Liu Yuan
Published: October 2021

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens are an increasing threat to global health. Tigecycline is one of the last-resort antibiotics for the treatment of these complicated infections; however, the emergence of plasmid-encoded tigecycline resistance genes, namely,
tet
(X), severely diminishes its clinical efficacy.
Alleviation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection by Propeptide-Mediated Inhibition of Protease IV
Authors: Kim Tae-Hyeon , Li Xi-Hui , Lee Joon-Hee
Published: October 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a highly antibiotic-resistant pathogen and is extremely difficult to treat. Instead of using conventional antibiotics, we attempted to alleviate
P. aeruginosa
infection using factors that
P. aeruginosa
itself produces naturally.
Viral Kinetics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Kim Da Young , Bae Eun Kyung , Seo Jun-Won , Yun Na Ra , Kim Choon-Mee , Kim Dong-Min
Published: October 2021

In our study, we analyzed the viral kinetics of COVID-19 patients. Our study reveals differences in viral shedding according to the severity of disease in COVID-19 patients. Viral shedding had a longer duration in severely affected patients, and the cyclic threshold values were lower in the group receiving steroids. This study is expected to be helpful in analyzing the trend of the disease course according to steroid use and severity of SARS-COV-2 disease.
Application of Environmental DNA for Monitoring Red Sea Bream Iridovirus at a Fish Farm
Authors: Kawato Yasuhiko , Mekata Tohru , Inada Mari , Ito Takafumi
Published: October 2021

Environmental DNA (eDNA) could be applied in monitoring waterborne viruses of aquatic animals. However, there are few data for practical application of eDNA in fish farms for the control of disease outbreaks.
Influence of Simplified Microbial Community Biofilms on Bacterial Retention in Porous Media under Conditions of Stormwater Biofiltration
Authors: Zhang Yue , He Yan , Sakowski Eric G. , Preheim Sarah P.
Published: October 2021

The retention efficiency of bacterial contaminants in biofilm-colonized biofilters is highly variable. Despite the increasing number of studies on the impact of biofilms in filters on bacterial retention, how individual bacterial strains within a biofilm community combine to influence bacterial retention is unknown.
A-to-I mRNA Editing in a Ferric Siderophore Receptor Improves Competition for Iron in Xanthomonas oryzae pv.
oryzicola
Authors: Nie Wenhan , Wang Sai , Huang Jin , Xu Qin , Wang Peihong , Wu Yan , He Rui , Yiming Ayizekeranmu , Liang Jingling , Ahmad Iftikhar , Fu Luoyi , Guo Longbiao , Yuan Junhua , Zhu Bo , Chen Gongyou
Published: October 2021

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, which is catalyzed by the adenosine deaminase RNA-specific family of enzymes, is a frequent posttranscriptional modification in metazoans. Research on A-to-I editing in bacteria is limited, and the importance of this editing is underestimated.
Expanding the phenotype ofSLC12A6-associated sensorimotor neuropathy
Authors: Bogdanova-Mihaylova Petya , McNamara Patricia , Burton-Jones Sarah , Murphy Sinéad M
Published: October 2021

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with agenesis of the corpus callosum (HMSN/ACC) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterised by early-onset severe progressive neuropathy, variable degrees of ACC and cognitive impairment. Mutations inSLC12A6(solute carrier family 12, member 6) encoding the K+–Cl- transporter KCC3 have been identified as the genetic cause of HMSN/ACC. We describe fraternal twins with compound heterozygous mutations inSLC12A6and much milder phenotype than usually described. Neither of our patients requires assistance to walk. The female twin is still running and has a normal intellect. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Examination Score 2 was 8/28 in the brother and 5/28 in the sister. Neurophysiology demonstrated a length-dependent sensorimotor neuropathy. MRI brain showed normal corpus callosum. Genetic analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations inSLC12A6, including a whole gene deletion. These cases expand the clinical and genetic phenotype of this rare condition and highlight the importance of careful clinical phenotyping.
Application of allometric systems for compatible area-based LiDAR-assisted estimation in the Province of Nova Scotia
Authors: Yang Ting-Ru , Kershaw John A. , McGarrigle Elizabeth , Ducey Mark J. , Shukla Dhirendra
Published: October 2021

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is used to estimate tree, stand, and forest characteristics across large geographic areas. In the province of Nova Scotia, an enhanced forest inventory (EFI) was developed to provide high-resolution spatial forest inventory estimates across the landscape. For various forest attributes, independent LiDAR-based relationships were built leading to mathematical and biological inconsistency among forest attribute estimates. A systems approach, composed of allometric equations describing the relationships between volume per unit area, Lorey’s average height, basal area, quadratic mean diameter, and density, is developed to address these inconsistencies. Previous results showed that applying the systems approach provided reasonable and compatible estimates and eliminated inconsistency issues among forest attributes. This study evaluates application of the systems approach applied to eastern Nova Scotia using field data from a network of permanent sample plots and recent LiDAR acquisitions. The independent EFI estimates had inconsistencies of greater than 100% for basal area and implied stand-level form factor. These inconsistencies were eliminated using the systems approach. Results show that the systems approach can be scaled to larger landscape areas and that long-term field data can be leveraged to fit the allometric systems producing mathematically and biologically consistent estimates.
Inflation by variation of the strong coupling constant: Update for Planck 2018
Authors: Al Hallak M. , Al Rakik A. , Bitar S. , Chamoun N. , Eldaher M. S.
Published: October 2021

We apply the “systematic” first-order cosmological perturbation theory method to re-derive the formulation of an inflationary model generated by variation of constants, then to study the case where it is nonminimally coupled to gravity within both the “Metric” and “Palatini” formulations. Accommodating Planck 2018 data with a length scale [Formula: see text] larger than Planck length [Formula: see text] requires amending the model. First, we assume [Formula: see text] gravity where we show that an [Formula: see text]-term within Palatini formulation is able to make the model viable. All along the discussions, we elucidate the origin of the difference between the “Metric” and “Palatini” formalisms, and also highlight the terms dropped when applying the shortcut “potential formulae method,” unlike the “systematic method,” for the observable parameters. Second, another variant of the model, represented by a two-exponentials potential, fits also the data with [Formula: see text].
Inflation with exotic kinetic terms in Einstein–Chern–Simons gravity
Authors: Fronimos F. P. , Venikoudis S. A.
Published: October 2021

An alternative scenario about the phenomenology of primordial universe is [Formula: see text]-inflation. According to this concept, inflation can be achieved by nonstandard kinetic term of scalar field, namely, the inflaton. In this paper, we focus on [Formula: see text]-essence models in the presence of a higher order and a linear kinetic term. Furthermore, the inflationary phenomenology with a Dirac–Born–Infeld scalar field is briefly examined, which arises from quantum theories of gravity such as superstring theory. Our approach about the inflationary era is that it can be described in the context of Einstein’s gravity involving quantum corrections such as the Chern–Simons string inspired parity violating gravitational term. The equations of motion namely, the Friedmann equation, the Raychadhuri equation and the Klein–Gordon equation for an expanding background are extracted from the gravitational action utilizing the variational principle. The consequential system of differential equations with respect to Hubble’s parameter and the inflaton field was quite perplexed in order to be solved with an analytic way. Therefore, the slow-roll conditions during inflationary era were imposed and terms with minor numerically contribution were neglected. From the overall phenomenological analysis, it is proved that models with exotic kinetic terms can generate viable results in consistency with the latest Planck data. Finally, the presence of Chern–Simons quantum corrections shifts the primordial spectral tensor index to blue. Even though blue gravitational waves are yet to be observed, if detected, compatibility with the aforementioned theory can be achieved.
THE VIX AND FUTURE INFORMATION
Authors: HESS MARKUS
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we propose an innovative VIX model which takes future market information available to the traders into account. The future information is modeled by an initially enlarged filtration in our setup. We derive an explicit representation for the anticipative VIX process and obtain the associated time dynamics. We also investigate the pricing of variance swaps under both backward- and forward-looking information. We finally deduce the optimal mean variance hedging portfolio in a financial market consisting of a bank account and a VIX futures. In order to have some benchmark model available, we introduce a non-anticipative stochastic volatility stock price model right at the beginning and infer representations for the related VIX index, the VIX futures and a VIX call option.
Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
Authors: Torres Lisa K. , Pickkers Peter , van der Poll Tom
Published: October 2021

Sepsis is expected to have a substantial impact on public health and cost as its prevalence increases. Factors contributing to increased prevalence include a progressively aging population, advances in the use of immunomodulatory agents to treat a rising number of diseases, and immune-suppressing therapies in organ transplant recipients and cancer patients. It is now recognized that sepsis is associated with profound and sustained immunosuppression, which has been implicated as a predisposing factor in the increased susceptibility of patients to secondary infections and mortality. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of sepsis-induced immunosuppression and biomarkers that identify a state of impaired immunity. We also highlight immune-enhancing strategies that have been evaluated in patients with sepsis, as well as therapeutics under current investigation. Finally, we describe future challenges and the need for a new treatment paradigm, integrating predictive enrichment with patient factors that may guide the future selection of tailored immunotherapy.
Editors’ Choice—Review—From Polarography to Electrochemical Biosensors: The 100-Year Quest for Selectivity and Sensitivity
Authors: Heineman William R. , Kissinger Peter T. , Wehmeyer Kenneth R.
Published: October 2021

This is a story of the 100-year path for voltammetric electroanalytical chemistry from the serendipitous discovery of polarography by Jaroslav Heyrovsky in 1922 to the miniature biosensors of today. In spite of issues with the dropping mercury electrode (DME), polarography was dominant for almost 50 years due to the good quantitative results it produced. Then, significant developments led to today’s methods with drastic improvements in detectable concentration and amount, selectivity, ease of use, and breadth of application. Important steps forward include the shift from the DME to solid electrodes, the strategic modification of electrode surfaces chemically and with membranes, electrochemistry in thin layers of solution with the associated decrease in sample amount from milliliters to microliters and below, liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, more powerful and smaller instrumentation, microfabrication of electrodes, pulse techniques that improved concentration limits of detection by discriminating against double layer charging, spectroelectrochemistry for enhanced selectivity by electrochemically changing a spectroscopic signal, cyclic voltammetry for the general utility that makes it the work-horse of voltammetry, and biosensors that dramatically expanded the applicability of voltammetry through the use of nature’s biological catalysts (enzymes) and capture agents (antibodies, aptamers).
Dopaminergic input from the posterior hypothalamus to the raphe pallidus area inhibits brown adipose tissue thermogenesis
Authors: Conceição Furber Ellen P. S. , Mota Clarissa M. D. , Veytsman Edward , Morrison Shaun F. , Madden Christopher J.
Published: October 2021

Systemic administration of dopamine (DA) receptor agonists leads to falls in body temperature. However, the central thermoregulatory pathways modulated by DA have not been fully elucidated. Here we identified a source and site of action contributing to DA’s hypothermic action by inhibition of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Nanoinjection of the type 2 and type 3 DA receptor (D2R/D3R) agonist, 7-hydroxy- N, N-di- n-propyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT), in the rostral raphe pallidus area (rRPa) inhibits the sympathetic activation of BAT evoked by cold exposure or by direct activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the rRPa. Blockade of D2R/D3R in the rRPa with nanoinjection of SB-277011A increases BAT thermogenesis, consistent with a tonic release of DA in the rRPa contributing to inhibition of BAT thermogenesis. Accordingly, D2Rs are expressed in cold-activated and serotonergic neurons in the rRPa, and anatomical tracing studies revealed that neurons in the posterior hypothalamus (PH) are a source of dopaminergic input to the rRPa. Disinhibitory activation of PH neurons with nanoinjection of gabazine inhibits BAT thermogenesis, which is reduced by pretreatment of the rRPa with SB-277011A. In conclusion, the rRPa, the site of sympathetic premotor neurons for BAT, receives a tonically active, dopaminergic input from the PH that suppresses BAT thermogenesis.
Variability of neuronal responses in the posterior superior temporal sulcus predicts choice behavior during social interactions
Authors: Ramezanpour Hamidreza , Görner Marius , Thier Peter
Published: October 2021

Quenching of neural variability following stimulus onset is a widely accepted phenomenon. However, the relevance of quenching for the shaping of complex social behaviors remains to be explored. Here, we show that task selective neurons in the GFP exhibit a higher degree of variability quenching than their neighboring unselective neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrate that behavioral errors are not only associated with lower firing rates but also less variability quenching, suggesting that both facilitate optimal performance.
Physics and Physiology of Cell Spreading in Two and Three Dimensions
Authors: Janmey Paul A. , Hinz Boris , McCulloch Christopher A.
Published: October 2021

Cells spread on surfaces and within three-dimensional (3-D) matrixes as they grow, divide, and move. Both chemical and physical signals orchestrate spreading during normal development, wound healing, and pathological states such as fibrosis and tumor growth. Diverse molecular mechanisms drive different forms of cell spreading. This article discusses mechanisms by which cells spread in 2-D and 3-D and illustrates new directions in studies of this aspect of cell function.
Neonatal nephron loss during active nephrogenesis results in altered expression of renal developmental genes and markers of kidney injury
Authors: Raming Roman , Cordasic Nada , Kirchner Philipp , Ekici Arif B. , Fahlbusch Fabian B. , Woelfle Joachim , Hilgers Karl F. , Hartner Andrea , Menendez-Castro Carlos
Published: October 2021

Preterm neonates are at a high risk for nephron loss under adverse clinical conditions. Renal damage potentially collides with postnatal nephrogenesis. Recent animal studies suggest that nephron loss within this vulnerable phase leads to renal damage later in life. Nephrogenic pathways are commonly reactivated after kidney injury supporting renal regeneration. We hypothesized that nephron loss during nephrogenesis affects renal development, which, in turn, impairs tissue repair after secondary injury. Neonates prior to 36 wk of gestation show an active nephrogenesis. In rats, nephrogenesis is ongoing until day 10 after birth. Mimicking the situation of severe nephron loss during nephrogenesis, male pups were uninephrectomized at day 1 of life (UNXd1). A second group of males was uninephrectomized at postnatal day 14 (UNXd14), after terminated nephrogenesis. Age-matched controls were sham operated. Three days after uninephrectomy transcriptional changes in the right kidney were analyzed by RNA-sequencing, followed by functional pathway analysis. In UNXd1, 1,182 genes were differentially regulated, but only 143 genes showed a regulation both in UNXd1 and UNXd14. The functional groups “renal development” and “kidney injury” were among the most differentially regulated groups and revealed distinctive alterations. Reduced expression of candidate genes concerning renal development ( Bmp7, Gdnf, Pdgf-B, Wt1) and injury ( nephrin, podocin, Tgf-β1) were detected. The downregulation of Bmp7 and Gdnf persisted until day 28. In UNXd14, Six2 was upregulated and Pax2 was downregulated. We conclude that nephron loss during nephrogenesis affects renal development and induces a specific regulation of genes that might hinder tissue repair after secondary kidney injury.
Capacity of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Based on Multibeam Directional Transmission
Authors: Wang Yuhua , Peng Laixian , Xu Renhui
Published: October 2021

The development of multibeam directional transmission technology used in vehicular ad hoc networks is drawing much more attention in recent years due to its wider coverage ability than omnidirectional transmission. In this paper, we analyse the transport capacity of the vehicular network using different antenna modes in the transmitter and receiver end, respectively. We first construct the cross‐layer model comprising the characteristic of the directional antenna model, arbitrary network model, and interference model. Then, based on scaling laws, we calculate the upper and lower bound of the network capacity with and without the directional multibeam transmission technology. In order to reduce the capacity lower bound computation complexity, several topology frameworks are constructed while taking various interferences into account included in the actual project. Finally, we analyse the capacity under changes of different parameters and also evaluate the law of capacity changes to discover how much improvement multibeam transmission technology can bring to the network performance. Analysis shows that compared with DTOR and OTDR mode, DTDR mode can continue to increase network capacity by 2 to 3 times on the basis of the above two modes.
An Internet of Medical Things-Based Model for Real-Time Monitoring and Averting Stroke Sensors
Authors: Almarzouki Hatim Z. , Alsulami Hemaid , Rizwan Ali , Basingab Mohammed S. , Bukhari Hatim , Shabaz Mohammad
Published: October 2021

In recent years, neurological diseases have become a standout amongst all the other diseases and are the most important reasons for mortality and morbidity all over the world. The current study’s aim is to conduct a pilot study for testing the prototype of the designed glove-wearable technology that could detect and analyze the heart rate and EEG for better management and avoiding stroke consequences. The qualitative, clinical experimental method of assessment was explored by incorporating use of an IoT-based real-time assessing medical glove that was designed using heart rate-based and EEG-based sensors. We conducted structured interviews with 90 patients, and the results of the interviews were analyzed by using the Barthel index and were grouped accordingly. Overall, the proportion of patients who followed proper daily heart rate recording behavior went from 46.9% in the first month of the trial to 78.2% after 3–10 months of the interventions. Meanwhile, the percentage of individuals having an irregular heart rate fell from 19.5% in the first month of the trial to 9.1% after 3–10 months of intervention research. In T5, we found that delta relative power decreased by 12.1% and 5.8% compared with baseline at 3 and at 6 months and an average increase was 24.3 ± 0.08. Beta-1 remained relatively steady, while theta relative power grew by 7% and alpha relative power increased by 31%. The T1 hemisphere had greater mean values of delta and theta relative power than the T5 hemisphere. For alpha (

p

 < 0.05) and beta relative power, the opposite pattern was seen. The distinction was statistically significant for delta (

p

 < 0.001), alpha (

p

 < 0.01), and beta-1 (

p

 < 0.05) among T1 and T5 patient groups. In conclusion, our single center-based study found that such IoT-based real-time medical monitoring devices significantly reduce the complexity of real-time monitoring and data acquisition processes for a healthcare provider and thus provide better healthcare management. The emergence of significant risks and controlling mechanisms can be improved by boosting the awareness. Furthermore, it identifies the high-risk factors besides facilitating the prevention of strokes. The EEG-based brain-computer interface has a promising future in upcoming years to avert DALY.
(3, 2)‐Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications to Topology and Optimal Choices
Authors: Ibrahim Hariwan Z. , Al-shami Tareq M. , Elbarbary O. G.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper is to define the concept of (3, 2)‐fuzzy sets and discuss their relationship with other kinds of fuzzy sets. We describe some of the basic set operations on (3, 2)‐fuzzy sets. (3, 2)‐Fuzzy sets can deal with more uncertain situations than Pythagorean and intuitionistic fuzzy sets because of their larger range of describing the membership grades. Furthermore, we familiarize the notion of (3, 2)‐fuzzy topological space and discuss the master properties of (3, 2)‐fuzzy continuous maps. Then, we introduce the concept of (3, 2)‐fuzzy points and study some types of separation axioms in (3, 2)‐fuzzy topological space. Moreover, we establish the idea of relation in (3, 2)‐fuzzy set and present some properties. Ultimately, on the basis of academic performance, the decision‐making approach of student placement is presented via the proposed (3, 2)‐fuzzy relation to ascertain the suitability of colleges to applicants.
Permutation-Based Lightweight Authenticated Cipher with Beyond Conventional Security
Authors: Zhang Ping
Published: October 2021

Lightweight authenticated ciphers are specially designed as authenticated encryption (AE) schemes for resource-constrained devices. Permutation-based lightweight authenticated ciphers have gained more attention in recent years. However, almost all of permutation-based lightweight AE schemes only ensure conventional security, i.e., aboutc/2-bit security, wherecis the capacity of the permutation. This may be vulnerable for an insufficiently large capacity. This paper focuses on the stronger security guarantee and the better efficiency optimization of permutation-based lightweight AE schemes. On the basis of APE series (APE,APERI,APEOW, andAPECA), we propose a new improved permutation-based lightweight online AE modeAPE+which supports beyond conventional security and concurrent absorption. Then, we derive a simple security proof and prove thatAPE+enjoys at most aboutminr,c-bit security, whereris the rate of the permutation. Finally, we discuss the properties ofAPE+on the hardware implementation.
The Oncogenic Role and Immune Infiltration for CARM1 Identified by Pancancer Analysis
Authors: Liu Kui , Ma Jing , Ao Jiao , Mu Lili , Wang Yixian , Qian Yue , Xue Jin , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2021

Chromatin-modifying enzymes, especially protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), have been identified as candidate targets for cancer. Cellular or animal-based evidence has suggested an association between coactivator-linked arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) and cancer progression. However, the relationship between CARM1 and patient prognosis and immune infiltration in pancancer patients is unknown. On the basis of the GEO and TCGA databases, we first investigated the possible oncogenic functions of CARM1 in thirty-three tumor types. CARM1 expression was elevated in many types of tumors. In addition, there was a significant association between CARM1 expression and the survival rate of tumor patients. Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCES) samples had the highest CARM1 mutation frequency of all cancer types. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), CARM1 expression was associated with the level of CD8+ T cell infiltration, and cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration was also observed in other tumors including kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRC) and prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). CARM1 was involved in immune modulation and played an important role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, activities associated with RNA transport and its metabolism were included in the possible mechanisms of CARM1. Herein, our first pancancer research explores the oncogenic role of CARM1 in various tumors. CARM1 is associated with immune infiltrates and can be employed as a predictive biomarker in pancancer.
Chronic Ethanol Consumption Induces Osteopenia via Activation of Osteoblast Necroptosis
Authors: Guo Man , Huang Yong-Li , Wu Qi , Chai Li , Jiang Zong-Zhe , Zeng Yan , Wan Sheng-Rong , Tan Xiao-Zhen , Long Yang , Gu Jun-Ling , Teng Fang-Yuan , Xu Yong
Published: October 2021

Chronic high‐dose alcohol consumption impairs bone remodeling, reduces bone mass, and increases the risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture. However, the mechanisms underlying alcohol‐induced osteoporosis are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that excess intake of ethyl alcohol (EtOH) resulted in osteopenia and osteoblast necroptosis in mice that led to necrotic lesions and reduced osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). We found that EtOH treatment led to the activation of the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling, resulting in increased osteoblast necroptosis and decreased osteogenic differentiation and bone formation both in vivo and in vitro. We further discovered that excessive EtOH treatment‐induced osteoblast necroptosis might partly depend on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation; concomitantly, ROS contributed to necroptosis of osteoblasts through a positive feedback loop involving RIPK1/RIPK3. In addition, blocking of the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling by necrostatin‐1 (Nec‐1), a key inhibitor of RIPK1 kinase in the necroptosis pathway, or antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), an inhibitor of ROS, could decrease the activation of osteoblast necroptosis and ameliorate alcohol‐induced osteopenia both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, we demonstrated that chronic high‐dose alcohol consumption induced osteopenia via osteoblast necroptosis and revealed that RIPK1 kinase may be a therapeutic target for alcohol‐induced osteopenia.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Thymol and Carvacrol Extraction from Za’atar Leaves Using Cold-Pressed Sesame Oil
Authors: Aweidah Noyal , Naseef Hani , Muqdi Ramzi , Farraj Mohammad A.
Published: October 2021

Thymol and carvacrol found in Origanum syriacum “Za’atar” plant leaves have triggered interest among researchers for their natural antimicrobial and antifungal properties. However, their applications in modern pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries as natural preservatives remain challenging. In this research, extraction of thymol and carvacrol from Za’atar leaves has been investigated using the ultrasonic-assisted method and the use of sesame oil as the primary extraction solvent compared with other vegetable oils including sunflower and olive oils. In addition, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method was developed by using a C8 column and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid as a buffering agent. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, repeatability, accuracy, and robustness for the analysis of the content of the two terpenes thymol and carvacrol in different Za’atar extracts. Using the validated analytical method, thymol and carvacrol content results revealed the best vegetable oil for extraction. Results showed that sesame oil had the highest content of thymol and carvacrol, followed by sunflower oil, and the least amount obtained by using olive oil. A consistent extraction result opens an opportunity for application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. For this reason, the essential extraction key parameters that influence the final content of thymol and carvacrol were evaluated. The highest impact originated from the quality and volume of sesame oil. Cold-pressed sesame oil resulted in a 23% higher content of thymol and decreased amount of carvacrol. It was found that wetting the Za’atar leaves powder with sesame oil was enough for extraction; any additional sesame oil volume dilutes the extracted sample. The second impact was the Za’atar cultivation conditions; less than 10% difference of thymol and carvacrol content was observed within Za’atar of Hebron origin. Finally, the origin of sesame seeds used for sesame oil production had the least impact.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Simulation Research on the Flipped Classroom Mode of Listening and Speaking Teaching for English Majors
Authors: Wu Si , Wang Fei
Published: October 2021

Information technology has become an important carrier for the implementation of flipped classrooms, giving full play to the role of modern education technology and transforming the traditional classroom teaching form into an important form in today’s education reform. This article mainly studies the simulation of the flipped classroom model of listening and speaking teaching for English majors based on artificial intelligence. A total of 31 English majors were selected for the experiment, including 7 boys and 24 girls. After obtaining the consent of school leaders and teachers, 16 weeks of experimental teaching were carried out in the class. The experimental subjects had not been exposed to the flipped classroom teaching mode before the start of the experiment, and they were willing to participate in this experiment. After the phased flipped classroom teaching mode was carried out in the experimental class, the teaching objects in the experimental class were selected in the form of interview questionnaires to understand students’ attitudes and acceptance of the flipped classroom teaching mode in English listening and speaking classes. Adjust and improve the poststage flipped classroom teaching model to provide reference. During the experiment, the control class adopted the multimedia courseware-assisted oral teaching method and, in the experimental class, flipped the classroom oral teaching mode. Teachers integrate resources when preparing lessons to design flip-flop classroom oral English teaching, and teachers guide students to use the internet to search for resources and preview independently. The average value of the English self-management learning ability of the students of this major was 27.48 points before the experiment started. After passing the experiment, the score increased to 38.90 points, and the average value increased significantly (t = −20.189,

P
<
0.01

). A comparatively complete comparison of English listening and speaking teaching results was carried out. Before the implementation of the flipped classroom, the students’ average professional English score was 76.23 points, and the average score after the launch was 84.39 points. The overall average score increased by 8.16 points. With regard to students’ English learning scores, there has been some improvement. The results show that, through the implementation of flipped classrooms, students have exercised their ability to self-manage their learning and strengthened their ability to make learning plans, implement them, and reflect on the effectiveness of learning.
Asymptotic Behavior of Solution for Functional Evolution Equations with Stepanov Forcing Terms
Authors: Wu Zhong-Hua
Published: October 2021

Through the use of the measure theory, evolution family, “Acquistapace–Terreni” condition, and Hölder inequality, the core objective of this work is to seek to analyze whether there is unique

μ

-pseudo almost periodic solution to a functional evolution equation with Stepanov forcing terms in a Banach space. Certain adequate conditions are derived guaranteeing there is unique

μ

-pseudo almost periodic solution to the equation by Lipschitz condition and contraction mapping principle. Finally, an example is used to demonstrate our theoretical findings.
Main Roof Breakage and Vibration Induced Coal Burst Occurring in Longwall Roadways
Authors: Ma Shuangwen , Cao Chen , Hui Qianjia
Published: October 2021

Rock burst is one major threat to mining safety and economy. Rock burst occurring in the longwall mining roadway accounts for 85% of the total amount of burst events. This paper investigates the causality mechanism of rock burst in longwall roadways by establishing a finite elastic beam model in the working face based on the elastic foundation theory. The breakage process of the main roof and related dynamic effects are analysed. The result shows that the movement of the main roof shows free vibration under certain damping resistance. It is also found that the roof dominant vibration frequency increases with the increase in the thickness and elastic modulus of the roof. During roof vibration, the vertical stress applied on the coal mass is unloaded. The destressing of the roof‐coal interface causes the coal mass in the roadway rib to slip into the roadway under the horizontal ground stress, resulting in rock burst. The possibility of rock burst increases with increase in the strength and thickness of the roof and horizontal ground stress within the coal mass. This mechanism explains the occurrence of rock burst in the mining roadway; it provides the fundamental theory for the prevention and controlling technologies of longwall roadway rock burst.
The Correlation between Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolomic in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Cai Zhaoling , Ferrari Markus W. , Liu Yilong , Li Chengyi , Zhang Tianzhang , Lyu Guorong
Published: October 2021

Objective. Chronic heart failure (CHF) refers to a state of persistent heart failure that can be stable, deteriorated, or decompensated. The mechanism and pathogenesis of myocardial remodeling remain unknown. Based on 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics technology, this study analyzed the gut microbiota and serum metabolome in elderly patients with CHF to provide new insights into the microbiota and metabolic phenotypes of CHF. Methods. Blood and fecal samples were collected from 25 elderly patients with CHF and 25 healthy subjects. The expression of inflammatory factors in blood was detected by ELISA. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the changes in microorganisms in the samples. The changes of small molecular metabolites in serum samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlation between gut microbiota and serum metabolites. Results. Our results showed that the IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels were significantly increased, and the IL-10 level was significantly decreased in the elderly patients with CHF compared with the healthy subjects. The diversity of the gut microbiota was decreased in the elderly patients with CHF. Moreover, Escherichia Shigella was negatively correlated with biocytin and RIBOFLAVIN. Haemophilus was negatively correlated with alpha-lactose, cellobiose, isomaltose, lactose, melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, and turanose. Klebsiella was positively correlated with bilirubin and ethylsalicylate. Klebsiella was negatively correlated with citramalate, hexanoylcarnitine, inosine, isovalerylcarnitine, methylmalonate, and riboflavin. Conclusion. The gut microbiota is simplified by the disease, and serum small-molecule metabolites evidently change in elderly patients with CHF. Serum and fecal biomarkers could be used for elderly patients with CHF screening.
Advancing the Regulation of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Products: A Comparison of Five Regulatory Systems on Traditional Medicines with a Long History of Use
Authors: Liang Zuanji , Hu Hao , Li Junlei , Yao Dongning , Wang Yitao , Ung Carolina Oi Lam
Published: October 2021

Background. An appropriate regulatory system to ensure and promote the quality, safety, and efficacy of the products of traditional medicine (TM) and complementary medicine (CM) is critical to not only public health but also economic growth. The regulatory approach and evaluation standards for TM/CM products featured with a long history of use are yet to be developed. This study aims to investigate and compare the existing regulatory approaches for TM/CM products with a long history of use. Method. A mixed approach of documentary analysis involving official and legal documents from official websites, as well as a scoping review of scholarly work in scientific databases about regulatory systems of TM/CM products in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea, was employed in this study and used for comparison. Results. For registration purposes, all five regulatory systems recognized the history of use as part of the totality of evidence when evaluating the safety and efficacy of TM/CM products with a long history of use. Generally, the list of classic formulas is predefined and bound to the formulas recommended in the prescribed list of ancient medical textbooks. Expedited pathways are usually in place and scientific data of nonclinical and clinical studies may be exempted. At the same time, additional restrictions with the scope of products constitute a comprehensive approach in the regulation. Quality assurance and postmarketing safety surveillance were found to be the major focus across the regulatory schemes investigated in this study. Conclusion. The regulatory systems investigated in this study allow less stringent registration requirements for TM/CM products featured with a long history of use, assuming safety and efficacy to be plausible based on historic use. Considering the safety and efficacy of these products, regulatory standards should emphasize the technical requirements for quality control and postmarket surveillance.
The Role and Mechanism of Oxidative Stress and Nuclear Receptors in the Development of NAFLD
Authors: Hong Ting , Chen Yiyan , Li Xiaoying , Lu Yan
Published: October 2021

The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of acute and chronic liver diseases. It is now acknowledged that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized as a redox‐centered disease due to the role of ROS in hepatic metabolism. However, the underlying mechanisms accounting for these alternations are not completely understood. Several nuclear receptors (NRs) are dysregulated in NAFLD, and have a direct influence on the expression of a set of genes relating to the progress of hepatic lipid homeostasis and ROS generation. Meanwhile, the NRs act as redox sensors in response to metabolic stress. Therefore, targeting NRs may represent a promising strategy for improving oxidation damage and treating NAFLD. This review summarizes the link between impaired lipid metabolism and oxidative stress and highlights some NRs involved in regulating oxidant/antioxidant turnover in the context of NAFLD, shedding light on potential therapies based on NR‐mediated modulation of ROS generation and lipid accumulation.