bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comportamento fenotípico e genotípico de populações de manjericão
Authors: Blank Arie F , Souza Evanildes M de , Paula José WA de , Alves Péricles B
Published: December 2010

Genótipos de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) apresentam diferentes teores, rendimentos e composições químicas de óleos essenciais. Fatores influenciam na produção do óleo essencial de manjericão, como a cultivar plantada e o método de cultivo. O estudo dos parâmetros genéticos tem sido ferramenta útil na identificação de genótipos superiores. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de estimar alguns parâmetros genéticos associados ao comportamento produtivo de seis populações de manjericão nos anos agrícola 2004/05 e 2005/06. As características massa seca de folha + inflorescência e rendimento de óleo essencial apresentaram grande variabilidade por forte influência dos anos estudados. Já o teor de linalol manteve sua produtividade estável ao longo dos dois anos. Teor e rendimento de óleo essencial e teor de linalol no óleo essencial apresentaram herdabilidades altas na análise conjunta, indicando controle genético e grande possibilidade de serem transmitidas para as gerações futuras. Na análise conjunta as populações PI 197442-S3-bulk 3, PI 197442-S3-bulk 5 e PI 197442-S3-bulk 8 apresentaram os maiores teores e rendimentos de óleo essencial. Quanto ao constituinte químico majoritário do óleo essencial, o linalol, todas as populações apresentaram teores semelhantes, diferindo apenas na presença de alguns constituintes químicos minoritários.
Produção do maxixeiro em função de espaçamentos entre fileiras e entre plantas
Authors: Oliveira Ademar P de , Silva Jandiê A da , Oliveira Arnaldo Nonato P de , Silva Damiana F da , Santos Rodolfo R , Silva Natália V da
Published: December 2010

Avaliou-se o rendimento do maxixeiro, cultivar Nordestino, em diferentes espaçamentos entre fileira e entre plantas, em experimento na UFPb, em Areia-PB, de agosto/2007 a janeiro/2008. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados sendo os tratamentos dispostos no esquema fatorial 3 x 4, compreendendo três espaçamentos entre fileiras (1; 2 e 3 m) e quatro espaçamentos entre plantas (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; e 2,0 m), em quatro repetições. A parcela experimental foi composta de quatro fileiras de dez plantas totalizando 40 plantas, com uma planta por cova, sendo as duas fileiras centrais consideradas como área útil. Foram avaliados a massa média de frutos comerciais, o número e a produção de frutos comerciais por planta e a produtividade comercial de frutos. No espaçamento de 0,5 m entre plantas, houve redução em todas as características avaliadas com incremento dos espaçamentos entre fileiras. Os valores mais elevados para a massa média de frutos (38 g), número (78 frutos) e produção de frutos por planta (36 e 34 kg) foram obtidos, respectivamente, nos espaçamentos de 2,0 e 3,0 m entre fileiras e 1,0 m entre plantas. As maiores produtividades comerciais de frutos, 16 e 12,9 t ha-1, ocorreram nos espaçamentos de 1,0 e 1,5 m entre plantas, combinados, respectivamente, com 2,0 e 1,0 m entre fileiras, enquanto que o maior espaçamento entre plantas (2,0 m) promoveu redução na produtividade de frutos.
Sistema auxiliar de bombeamento de solução nutritiva em cultivos hidropônicos de hortaliças
Authors: Silva João Bosco C da , Machado Carlos Arthur N , Monteiro Juliana G
Published: December 2010

O sistema de hidroponia mais utilizado consiste em cultivar plantas em calhas ou outros contentores por onde circula a solução nutritiva de forma intermitente. Este processo exige disponibilidade permanente de energia elétrica para o bombeamento de solução nutritiva, podendo ocorrer grandes perdas no caso de falhas prolongadas no fornecimento elétrico. Foram avaliados dois sistemas auxiliares de bombeamento. Em um deles, a circulação da solução é feita por força de ar comprimido que, por controle de nível com bóia elétrica e acionamento de válvulas pneumáticas, permite realizar diversos ciclos de circulação da solução nutritiva com o ar acumulado no cilindro do compressor. O outro sistema consiste em um conjunto de motobombas que funcionam com energia de 12 volts, acumulada em baterias abastecidas por carregador. O sistema para testes foi composto por um compressor de 1 cv com cilindro de ar de aproximadamente 45 L e dois reservatórios de solução, sendo o inferior com capacidade de 60 L, que permite a pressurização. Especificamente para o compressor utilizado obteve-se em média, quatro ciclos de transferência de solução por cada carga do compressor cheio e desligado. O volume total de solução movimentada por cada carga do compressor foi de 200 L, o que corresponde à movimentação de aproximadamente 5 L de solução por litro de ar comprimido. O outro sistema consiste de três motobombas de 12 volts, modelo 500 gph com capacidade de recalque de 1890 L h-1 e consumo de 2,5 ampér h-1, acionadas por uma bateria automotiva. O conjunto funcionou, em média, durante 3 horas e 20 minutos para cada carga da bateria. O volume de solução movimentado foi de aproximadamente 500 L h-1. Com os parâmetros obtidos é possível dimensionar os sistemas de bombeamento auxiliar de acordo com o volume de solução a ser movimentado e com o intervalo de segurança que for conveniente, pois existem no mercado inúmeros modelos de compressores de ar, baterias automotivas de várias capacidades de carga e vários modelos de motobomba de 12 volts.
Adubação orgânica e cobertura do solo no crescimento e produção de camapu
Authors: Peixoto Nei , Peixoto Fabrício de C , Vaz Úrsula L , Neri Sarah Cristine M , Monteiro Juliana G
Published: December 2010

Foi implantado um experimento na UEG, em Ipameri-GO, visando estudar os efeitos da adubação orgânica residual e cobertura do solo no desenvolvimento e produção de camapu. A semeadura foi feita em bandejas de poliestireno expandido em 01/10/2007 e as mudas foram mantidas em telado com 50% de sombreamento, até a data de plantio no campo, em 27/11/2007, em sucessão ao plantio de tomate. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, com parcelas subdivididas, tendo na parcela duas doses de esterco de curral curtido (30 e 60 t ha-1) e nas sub-parcelas três tipos de cobertura do solo (plástico preto, capim braquiária e sem cobertura). Cada sub-parcela foi constituída por 20 plantas, dispostas no espaçamento de 1,00 x 0,30 m. A cobertura plástica favoreceu tanto o crescimento das plantas, quanto a produtividade. O efeito do esterco de curral foi pouco evidenciado. As curvas de crescimento em altura seguiram modelos cúbicos de regressão.
Educación bilingüe de frontera y políticas lingüísticas en Uruguay
Authors: Brovetto Claudia
Published: December 2010

El Uruguay no es una sociedad lingüísticamente homogénea hablante de español. El bilingüismo español-portugués que se consigna en una amplia zona del noreste de Uruguay es un ejemplo de esta realidad. Recientemente, y de un modo bastante innovador para la tradición de las políticas lingüísticas en el Uruguay (o para la falta de ellas), esta realidad sociolingüística ha sido tomada en cuenta con programas educativos específicos. Este artículo presenta un análisis de estos programas, sus antecedentes, objetivos y resultados preliminares, así como un análisis primario de dos documentos que constituyen actos de políticas lingüísticas en el Uruguay: la nueva Ley de Educación y el nuevo Programa de Educación Inicial y Primaria.
Lengua y sujeto en las investigaciones acerca de la frontera uruguaya con Brasil: apuntes sobre sus determinaciones teóricas
Authors: Fustes Juan Manuel
Published: December 2010

Este artículo se propone revisar los enfoques más destacados e influyentes que determinan teóricamente las investigaciones sobre la frontera uruguaya con Brasil como fenómeno lingüístico y cultural. Se adoptará un punto de vista lingüístico que capte especialmente una noción de lengua y sujeto (y, en consecuencia, hablante) de modo de dejar algunas reflexiones acerca de la posible atribución de un carácter peculiar a la condición del hablante fronterizo.
Avaliação e progressão continuada: o que a realidade desvela
Authors: Bertagna Regiane Helena
Published: December 2010

Este artigo aborda a compreensão da avaliação no interior da implantação do Regime de Progressão Continuada no Estado de São Paulo. Ao penetrar nos intrincados caminhos da realidade escolar, por meio da pesquisa qualitativa, acompanharam-se sistematicamente durante um ano escolar 4 turmas de alunos (uma de cada ano do ciclo I, ainda do Ensino Fundamental de 8 anos), nos momentos coletivos da escola: horário de trabalho pedagógico coletivo, reuniões de pais e mestres, conselhos de classe/série, eventos; e, ainda, realizaram-se entrevistas com 7 profissionais envolvidos com as turmas (5 professores, coordenadora pedagógica e diretora escolar) e com 124 alunos. Observou-se que a avaliação informal ganha forte expressão nessa nova forma de organização escolar, revelando, também, novas formas de manutenção da seletividade e da exclusão escolar. Por meio da análise das práticas avaliativas e das contribuições dos diversos atores da escola, evidencia-se a presença da seletividade escolar, mas com configuração diferenciada: a exclusão branda e/ou a eliminação adiada.
Padrões de comportamento ingestivo de cordeiras recebendo ou não suplemento em pastagem de milheto
Authors: Confortin Anna Carolina Cerato , Bremm Carolina , Rocha Marta Gomes da , Silva José Henrique Souza da , Elejalde Denise Adelaide Gomes , Camargo Daniele Gindri , Rosa Aline Tatiane Nunes da
Published: December 2010

O comportamento ingestivo e os padrões de deslocamento e procura de forragem de cordeiras em pastagem de milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) foram avaliados quando estas foram mantidas exclusivamente em pastagem ou em pastagem recebendo suplemento (ração comercial fornecida diariamente às 17h. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com duas repetições de área. Os animais que receberam suplemento reduziram o tempo de pastejo e aumentaram o tempo destinado às outras atividades. Os padrões de ingestão, deslocamento e procura de forragem foram alterados pelas mudanças na estrutura do pasto ao longo dos estádios de desenvolvimento do milheto e não foram modificados pelo recebimento de suplemento.
Production and vegetative growth of coffee trees under fertilization and shade levels
Authors: Jaramillo-Botero Catalina , Santos Ricardo Henrique Silva , Martinez Herminia Emilia Prieto , Cecon Paulo Roberto , Fardin Merci Pereira
Published: December 2010

It is difficult to separate the effects of light reduction versus nutrient and water competition in agroforestry systems. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of shading and fertilizer supply on the vegetative development and yield of Coffea arabica over six years. The coffee trees were covered with shade screens (photosynthetically active radiation reduction up to 48%) and fertilized from 100 to 40% of the recommended amount from 2001 on. Leaf area, number of leaves, number of nodes, leaf area per branch and, yield were determined. Although no effect of fertilization was found, shading influenced the number of nodes, leaf area and production from the third year on. The number of nodes and yield decreased as shading increased. The effect of the yield bienniallity was more evident in the unshaded trees, which yielded an average of 2,646 kg ha¹. The trees under 48% shading yielded an average of 2,094 kg ha¹. After 2004 the leaf area per branch increased as the shade increased, at the end of both the maximum and minimum growth periods. During the first three years, the coffee trees do not change their vegetative or productive characteristics as a response to shading. The shade effects become more intense after the beginning of the higher yield period. The shaded coffee trees have a larger leaf area and a smaller number of nodes than the coffee trees under full sun. The yield decreases as photosynthetically active radiation limitation increases, and yield bienniallity is less intense in shaded trees.
Cútis laxa: relato de caso
Authors: Nascimento Gisele Moro do , Nunes Caroline Sampaio Alves , Menegotto Paula Fatuch , Raskin Salmo , Almeida Nádia de
Published: December 2010

A Cútis laxa é uma doença rara, hereditária ou adquirida. Resulta da alteração do tecido elástico, tornando a pele frouxa e inelástica. A forma congênita tem geralmente acometimento sistêmico, com pior prognóstico. Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente, com quadro clínico sugestivo da forma hereditária da doença, com pais consangüíneos (primos de 2º grau) e irmão falecido com clínica semelhante. O estudo genético do gene FBLN5 teve importância na confirmação diagnóstica, na definição do prognóstico e no aconselhamento genético familiar.
Doença de Rosai-Dorfman cutânea: relato de caso
Authors: Eiras Josie da Costa , Schettini Antônio Pedro Mendes , Lima Livia Lima de , Tubilla Liana Hortência Miranda , Oliveira Rosa Maria Libório de
Published: December 2010

A doença de Rosai-Dorfman, também denominada histiocitose sinusal com linfadenopatia maciça, é histiocitose de células não Langerhans, idiopática e de curso benigno. Descrita em 1969, caracteriza-se por linfadenomegalia não dolorosa, sendo a cadeia cervical a mais envolvida, além de febre, perda de peso e sudorese. O envolvimento extranodal ocorre em 43% dos casos, em que múltiplos sítios podem ser acometidos. Já foram descritos casos exclusivamente extranodais, inclusive formas limitadas à pele. Relata-se um caso de doença de Rosai-Dorfman extranodal cutânea pura, devido à raridade dessa apresentação clínica.
Caso para diagnóstico
Authors: Daldon Patricia Erica Christofoletti , Pascini Mirella , Correa Mariane
Published: December 2010

Paciente do sexo masculino, negro, 13 anos, apresenta há dois anos lesões pruriginosas, pápulonodulares nos antebraços, associadas a edema do lábio inferior, fotofobia, conjuntivite e pterígio. O exame histopatológico do lábio inferior revelou acantose, espongiose e infiltrado inflamatório perivascular superficial, composto por linfócitos, plasmócitos e eosinófilos, compatível com o diagnóstico de prurigo actínico. As lesões regrediram com o uso de talidomida 100 mg/dia.
A contribuição do acolhimento e do vínculo na humanização da prática do cirurgião-dentista no Programa Saúde da Família
Authors: Pinheiro Poliana Miranda , Oliveira Lúcia Conde de
Published: December 2010

Objetiva-se compreender como são empregadas as tecnologias leves do acolhimento e vínculo na prática do dentista, no Programa Saúde da Família do município de Fortaleza, Ceará, no sentido da construção do cuidado humanizado. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 16 cirurgiões-dentistas, utilizando-se, para coleta de dados, entrevista semiestruturada e observação simples e, para análise dos dados, a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram o dentista fazendo maior uso dessas tecnologias em sua prática, porém o acolhimento é mais identificado como primeira etapa de organização da demanda do que como atitude de escuta, postura esta mais associada ao vínculo. A grande demanda tem contribuído com linhas de tensão entre dentista e usuário e forçado o odontólogo a uma prática ainda presa ao consultório. Novos espaços seriam importantes na utilização dessas tecnologias, já que estas consideram, para além da doença, o indivíduo.
Estigma e discriminação vividos na escola por crianças e jovens órfãos por Aids
Authors: Zucchi Eliana Miura , Barros Claudia Renata dos Santos , Paiva Vera Silvia Facciolla , França Junior Ivan
Published: December 2010

A restrição de direitos humanos é uma das características mais marcantes da epidemia da Aids. Crianças e jovens infectados ou afetados pela Aids são particularmente vulneráveis a sofrer estigma em ambientes educacionais. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar episódios de estigma e discriminação relacionados ao HIV/Aids na escola. Integradas a um estudo de base populacional, foram analisadas sete entrevistas em profundidade com coordenadores pedagógicos de seis escolas públicas e privadas, de ensino infantil e fundamental, na cidade de São Paulo. A maioria dos episódios de estigma vividos por crianças e jovens no âmbito escolar ocorreu em circunstâncias de namoro/sexualidade, conflito com colegas, dificuldade de aprendizagem, revelação da orfandade por Aids, interação entre professores e alunos com HIV, sendo as causas mais frequentemente atribuídas: ter HIV, ser proveniente de "família desestruturada", desigualdade nos papéis de gênero, idade e classe social. Homofobia e racismo foram indicados como reforçadores do estigma. Foram descritas respostas institucionais ao estigma da Aids e práticas de atividades de prevenção às DST/Aids. Os episódios indicam o quanto o estigma e a discriminação relacionados ao HIV/Aids podem aprofundar uma desigualdade social já instalada no âmbito da educação, constituindo obstáculos ao direito à educação, à convivência familiar, ao lazer, à privacidade, ao sigilo/confidencialidade e à vida afetiva dos jovens. Por outro lado, tais episódios também expressam a ausência de programas de prevenção nas escolas visitadas e a dificuldade de abordar outras modalidades de estigma (tais como racismo e estigma da pobreza).
Mapas conceituais e avaliação formativa: tecendo aproximações
Authors: Souza Nadia Aparecida de , Boruchovitch Evely
Published: December 2010

Tendo a avaliação formativa como pano de fundo e a aprendizagem significativa como horizonte possível, o texto intenta evidenciar o mapa conceitual como ferramenta particularmente relevante às intenções formativas, porque favorável à regulação do ensino e à autorregulação da aprendizagem e pertinente enquanto estratégia de ensino/aprendizagem. Revisitar o referencial teórico relativo à temática favoreceu: (a) contemplar a utilidade do mapa conceitual - empreendido enquanto estratégia de ensino e/ou avaliação - sob diferentes perspectivas: a daquele que ensina/avalia e a daquele que aprende/é avaliado; (b) aquilatar o quanto se valer dos mapas conceituais é criar alternativas para a organização do conhecimento, pela promoção de experiências educativas que incitem não somente a reflexão, a busca de compreensão e o processamento profundo da informação, mas também o desenvolvimento da autorregulação, da meta cognição e do aprender a aprender; (c) repensar a importância dos meios utilizados para avaliar a aprendizagem, que não podem ser quaisquer meios, mas aqueles que favoreçam uma percepção clara das aprendizagens edificadas e daquelas ainda em curso, orientando e viabilizando ações de superação; e, (d) conferir novo sentido à tarefa de ensinar a aprender, compreendida como auxílio permanente na elaboração do saber, pelo desvelamento das razões que subjazem às dificuldades a serem superadas.
Natalidade e amor mundi: sobre a relação entre educação e política em Hannah Arendt
Authors: Correia Adriano
Published: December 2010

Pretende-se examinar, no presente artigo, as articulações entre o ensaio "A crise na educação", de Hannah Arendt, e temas centrais de seu pensamento político, como a natalidade, a condição de estrangeiro no mundo, o amor ao mundo (amor mundi), a ação política e a crise na era moderna. O objetivo central consiste em explicitar o quanto esse ensaio de ocasião se integra harmonicamente no âmbito do pensamento político da autora, por um lado, e ressaltar o vigor clássico de sua análise, por outro. Para ela, a essência da educação é a natalidade, ou seja, o fato de que constantemente chegam ao mundo novos indivíduos como estrangeiros, a quem deve ser feito o convite para que se sintam em casa. Esses estrangeiros em um mundo em constante mudança são capazes de iniciar novos eventos, sem os quais a conservação do próprio mundo estaria em questão. A educação dos jovens tem de lidar com o paradoxo de familiarizar os novos com o mundo velho que os precede, sem ao mesmo tempo acomodá-los inteiramente a ponto de a novidade de sua aparição ser sufocada, o que poria em risco a conservação mesma do mundo, demandante de permanente zelo e renovação. Não obstante a dificuldade da mediação, Arendt julga que a educação deve ser, antes de tudo, orientada pela responsabilidade pelo mundo, que se traduz tanto na sua apresentação aos novos quanto na conservação da novidade nestes.
Thallus anatomy of Canoparmelia texana (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)
Authors: Barbosa Suzana Bissacot , Machado Silvia Rodrigues , Marcelli Marcelo Pinto
Published: December 2010

Conventional techniques for structural studies under light microscope and scanning electron microscope were employed to describe the histology of thallus in Canoparmelia texana, a lichen with wide distribution in open environments and fairly common in the cerrados and urban areas of Brazil. This study describes a new type of cortical organization for the family Parmeliaceae, in C. texana the upper cortex is lacunar, showing a large quantity of small intercellular spaces or lacunae. The anatomical features including medulla thickness, hyphal orientation pattern, rhizines thickness and crystals inclusions have an important adaptive role for the success of C. texana in Brazilian cerrado, a savanna-like ecosystem.
Inventário das espécies de Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) de Vila Dois Rios (Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil)
Authors: Rodrigues Juliana Mourão dos Santos , Monné Miguel Angel , Mermudes José Ricardo Miras
Published: December 2010

Uma lista das espécies de Cerambycidae registradas em Vila Dois Rios (Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) é apresentada. O trabalho foi baseado em sete coletas de janeiro a dezembro de 2008, em dados de literatura e na coleção do Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Três subfamílias são registradas e todas as 50 espécies são novos registros para a Ilha Grande. Para cada espécie são fornecidas a informação catalográfica original e recente, distribuição, ilustração e material examinado. Prioninae com três espécies e três gêneros em duas tribos, Mallaspini (Pyrodes) e Macrotomini (Mallodon, Mercosarthron), representa 6% de todas as espécies. Cerambycinae com sete espécies e sete gêneros em cinco tribos - Callichromatini (Callichroma), Cerambycini (Poeciloxestia, Sphallotrichus), Elaphidiini (Ambonus, Eurysthea), Heteropsini (Mallosoma), Hexoplonini (Gnomidolon)- representa 14%. Lamiinae, com 40 espécies em 29 gêneros e dez tribos - Acanthocinini (Alcidion, Lophopoeum, Nealcidion, Nyssodrysina, Nyssodrysilla, Nyssodrysternum, Pentheochaetes, Trichillurges, Tropidozineus, Urgleptes), Acanthoderini (Macronemus, Oreodera, Psapharochrus) Agapanthiini (Hippopsis, Pachypeza), Anisocerini (Onychocerus), Apomecynini (Adetus, Amphicnaeia, Falsischnolea, Rosalba), Colobotheini (Colobothea), Desmiphorini (Estola, Estolomimus), Hemilophini (Malacoscylus), Onciderini (Hesycha, Hypsioma, Ischiocentra, Peritrox) e Pteropliini (Esthlogena) - representa 80% do total de espécies.
What coatis and mongooses have in common?
Authors: Sazima Ivan
Published: December 2010

The coatis (Procyonidae) and some species of mongooses (Herpestidae) are diurnal, small to medium-sized carnivores that live in groups and feed opportunistically on small animals and fruits. A comparison of selected features is here presented for two coati species (Nasua narica and N. nasua) and the banded mongoose (Mungos mungo). The former two dwell in the Neotropical region, whereas the latter occurs in the Ethiopian realm. Both the coatis and the mongoose are apt to live near human settlements and capitalise on food refuse. Additionally, coatis and mongooses habituate to humans, and sometimes are a nuisance. These habits, plus their almost constant quest for food, lead these carnivores to meet other mammal types at feeders and garbage dumps and associate with these animals. White-nosed coatis associate with the Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii) and pick ticks on its body, whereas the banded mongoose does so with the common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus). These seem to be the two sole recorded instances of mammals cleaning non-conspecific mammals, and illustrate a remarkable case of convergence.
Predation on young treefrog (Osteocephalus taurinus) by arthropods (Insecta, Mantodea and Arachnida, Araneae) in Central Brazil
Authors: Costa-Pereira Raul , Martins Fernando Ibanez , Sczesny-Moraes Eurico Antonio , Brescovit Antonio
Published: December 2010

Praying mantis and spider species are common food items in the diet of several anuran species. Nevertheless, in this study we report the predation of young treefrogs Osteocephalus taurinus by two spider species, a Pisauridae and a Trechaleidae (Neoctenus sp.) and by the praying mantis Eumusonia sp. in Mato Grosso, Central Brazil. The great abundance of this treefrog in the region, combined with its small body size during the juvenil stage, favor its predation by generalists predators. Indeed, more studies are needed to quantify the real influence of invertebrate predators on anuran populations.
Phase I Study of Pazopanib in Combination with Weekly Paclitaxel in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Tan Antoinette R. , Dowlati Afshin , Jones Suzanne F. , Infante Jeffrey R. , Nishioka Jennifer , Fang Lei , Hodge Jeffrey P. , Gainer Shelby D. , Arumugham Thangam , Suttle A. Benjamin , Dar Mohammed M. , Lager Joanne J. , Burris Howard A.
Published: December 2010

Purpose.

To evaluate the maximum tolerated regimen (MTR), dose-limiting toxicities, and pharmacokinetics of pazopanib, an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and c-Kit, in combination with paclitaxel.

Patients and Methods.

Pazopanib was given daily with weekly paclitaxel on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. Dose levels of pazopanib (mg/day)/paclitaxel (mg/m2) were 400/15, 800/15, 800/50, and 800/80. An expanded cohort was enrolled at the MTR. Plasma samples were collected to evaluate the effect of pazopanib, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4, on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel, a CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 substrate.

Results.

Of 26 enrolled patients, 17 were treated at the MTR of 800 mg pazopanib and 80 mg/m2 paclitaxel. Dose-limiting toxicities included a grade 3 abscess and grade 2 hyperbilirubinemia. Other toxicities included elevated liver transaminases and diarrhea. Six patients (23%) had partial responses and 15 patients (58%) had stable disease. Administration of 800 mg pazopanib resulted in a 14% lower paclitaxel clearance and a 31% higher paclitaxel maximal concentration than with administration of paclitaxel alone at 15, 50, and 80 mg/m2. At the MTR, coadministration of 800 mg pazopanib and 80 mg/m2 paclitaxel resulted in a 26% higher geometric mean paclitaxel area under the curve.

Conclusion.

Pazopanib, at a dose of 800 mg daily, can be safely combined with a therapeutic dose of paclitaxel at 80 mg/m2 when administered on days 1, 8, and 15, every 28 days. The observed greater plasma concentrations of paclitaxel given concurrently with pazopanib suggest that pazopanib is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2C8.
Nonpalpable Breast Carcinomas: Long-Term Evaluation of 1,258 Cases
Authors: Veronesi Umberto , Luini Alberto , Botteri Edoardo , Zurrida Stefano , Monti Simonetta , Galimberti Viviana , Cassano Enrico , Latronico Antuono , Pizzamiglio Maria , Viale Giuseppe , Vezzoli Dario , Rotmensz Nicole , Musmeci Simona , Bassi Fabio , Burgoa Loredana , Maisonneuve Patrick , Paganelli Giovanni , Veronesi Paolo
Published: December 2010

Introduction.

In recent decades, a steady improvement in imaging diagnostics has been observed together with a rising adherence to regular clinical breast examinations. As a result, the detection of small clinically occult (nonpalpable) lesions has progressively increased. At present in our institution some 20% of the cases are treated when nonpalpable. The aim of the present study is to analyze the characteristics and prognosis of such tumors treated in a single institution.

Methods.

The analysis focused on 1,258 women who presented at the European Institute of Oncology with a primary clinically occult carcinoma between 2000 and 2006. All patients underwent radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL), axillary dissection when appropriate, whole breast radiotherapy, or partial breast intraoperative irradiation and received tailored adjuvant systemic treatment.

Results.

Median age was 56 years. Imaging showed a breast nodule in half of the cases and a breast nodule accompanied by microcalcifications in 9%. Microcalcifications alone were present in 17.1% of the cases, whereas suspicious opacity, distortion, or thickening represented the remaining 24.6%. Most tumors were characterized by low proliferative rates (68.9%), positive estrogen receptors (92.3%), and non-overexpressed Her2/neu (91.3%). After a median follow-up of 60 months, we observed 19 local events (1.5%), 12 regional events (1%), and 20 distant metastases (1.6%). Five-year overall survival was 98.6%.

Conclusions.

Clinically occult (nonpalpable) carcinomas show very favorable prognostic features and high survival rates, showing the important role of modern imaging techniques.
The Utility of BRAF Testing in the Management of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Melck Adrienne L. , Yip Linwah , Carty Sally E.
Published: December 2010

Over the last decade, investigators have developed a clearer understanding of the genetic alterations underlying thyroid carcinogenesis. A number of biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of differentiated thyroid cancer have undergone intensive study, not only for their role in tumorigenesis, but also for their potential utility as diagnostic and prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the current literature surrounding BRAF and its significance in thyroid cancer. Further, we discuss how molecular analysis can be integrated into management algorithms for thyroid nodules and papillary thyroid cancer. We also review what is known, to date, about the association of BRAF and papillary microcarcinoma as well as using targeted therapies for BRAF as adjuvant treatment for metastatic papillary thyroid cancer.
Breast Cancer and Pregnancy: Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Litton Jennifer K. , Theriault Richard L.
Published: December 2010

The treatment of breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy presents a challenging situation for the patient, family, and caregivers. Case series have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of using anthracycline-based chemotherapy during the second and third trimesters. Additionally, patients should be seen, evaluated, and treated in a multidisciplinary setting with facilitated communication among the medical oncologist, surgical oncologist, obstetrician, radiation oncologist, pathologist, and radiologist. This review details the available data regarding the diagnosis and management of the pregnant breast cancer patient.
Pair interactions and mode of communication
Authors: Tan Lan Liana , Wigglesworth Gillian , Storch Neomy
Published: December 2010

In today’s second language classrooms, students are often asked to work in pairs or small groups. Such collaboration can take place face-to-face, but now more often via computer mediated communication. This paper reports on a study which investigated the effect of the medium of communication on the nature of pair interaction. The study involved six pairs of beginner participants in a Chinese class completing seven different tasks. Each task was completed twice, once face to face (FTF), and once via computer mediated communication (CMC). All pair talk was audio recorded, and on-line communication was logged. Using Storch’s (2002) model of patterns of pair interaction, five patterns were identified: collaborative, cooperative, dominant/dominant, dominant/passive and expert/novice. The medium of communication was found to affect the pattern of interaction. In CMC some pairs became more collaborative, or cooperative. The implications of these findings for language teaching, particularly for the use of CMC in language classes, are discussed.
Contribution to the knowledge of the infection with Acanthocephala of a predatory Antarctic ice-fish Chaenocephalus aceratus
Authors: Laskowski Zdzisław , Zdzitowiecki Krzysztof
Published: December 2010

Contribution to the knowledge of the infection with Acanthocephala of a predatory Antarctic ice-fish Chaenocephalus aceratus

Adult females of a predatory fish, the blackfin icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus examined at the South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands were by several orders of magnitude more infected with Acanthocephala than the males and immature females. Such phenomenon has not been observed in the neritic zone at South Georgia. Cystacanths of Corynosoma hamanni and Corynosoma pseudohamanni were the dominant parasites in Admiralty Bay, whereas Corynosoma bullosum was the dominant in the open sea off the South Shetland Islands and South Georgia, and in the sub-coastal waters off the South Orkney Islands. However, the dominance of C. bullosum was observed in several hosts in Admiralty Bay and the co-dominance of C. bullosum, C. hamanni, and C. pseudohamanni in one mature female in the neritic zone at the South Shetland Islands. Probably, these fish previously lived in the open sea. Cystacanths of Corynosoma arctocephali and Corynosoma shackletoni occurred in the fish in Admiralty Bay and off South Georgia. The former parasite was present also off the South Orkney Islands. One cystacanth of Andracantha baylisi was found off South Georgia. Two echinorhynchids, Aspersentis megarhynchus and Metacanthocephalus dalmori, occurred in the alimentary tracts of the fish caught in Admiralty Bay and one specimen of Echinorhynchus petrotschenkoi off the South Shetland Islands. The highest infection, amounting to 816 acanthocephalans, was found in a mature female in Admiralty Bay. One cystacanth of C. hamanni occurred in a single immature fish caught in the sub-coastal area off Deception Island.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Rapeseed and Linseed Oil on the Composition of Fatty Acids in Porcine Muscle Tissue
Authors: Kralik Gordana , Margeta Vladimir , Suchý Pavel , Straková Eva
Published: December 2010

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with rapeseed and linseed oils on changes of the fatty acid profile in porcine meat. The research was conducted on 45 fattening pigs divided into three groups. Group 1 was given a diet with 2% of sunflower oil, group 2 was given a diet with 2% of rapeseed oil and group 3 was given a diet supplemented with 2% of linseed oil. The highest content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the most favourable ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA was determined in the meat of pigs that were fed diets with linseed oil (P < 0.001), whereas the meat of pigs that were fed diets with sunflower oil had an unfavourable ratio of these acids. The results point out the necessity of finding out optimal portions of forages rich in PUFA to improve the ratio of fatty acids in porcine muscle tissue.
Effect of Enzyme Preparation with Activity Directed Towards Degradation of Non Starch Polysaccharides on Yellow Lupine Seed Based Diet for Young Broilers
Authors: Olkowski Bogusław I , Janiuk Izabela , Jakubczak Antoni
Published: December 2010

This work examined the impact of enzyme preparation with specific activity towards non starch polysaccharides on performance, morphological characteristics of gastrointestinal tract organs, microscopic evaluation of jejunal mucosa, and microbial status of ileum, caeca, and excreta in broilers fed a diet containing a high content of lupine meal. One-day-old chickens (Ross 308, mixed sex) were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Each group consisted of 36 birds, with 6 replications,and with 6 chickens per replication. The control group was fed the basal diet (consisting of maize and 40% of lupine), while the experimental treatment group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.06% commercial enzyme (Ronozyme VP). Chickens were fed diets in mash form for 4 weeks. Enzyme preparation significantly (P< 0.05) improved feed consumption and chicken growth, and slightly improved total tract digestibility of dietary ingredients and energy. Enzyme preparation significantly reduced (P< 0.05) the size of gastrointestinal tract organs and had an impact on jejunal mucous membrane of chickens evidenced by elongation of villi and deepening of crypts. No significant effects of dietary enzyme on counts of the analysed bacteria in the jejunal digesta were observed, but enzyme preparation significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the number ofEnterobacteriaceaein caeca and excreta, andcoliformsin excreta only (P< 0.01). Appropriate combination of enzyme preparations with activity towards degrading carbohydrates may offer a potential to reduce the deleterious impact of lupine in broilers.
Iodine and Selenium Contents in Skeletal Muscles of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kursa Jaroslav , Herzig Ivan , Trávníček Jan , Illek Josef , Kroupová Vlasta , Fuksová Šárka
Published: December 2010

The objective of this study was to examine iodine and selenium contents in skeletal muscles of selected species of game animals living in regions with low iodine and selenium contents in the soil and water. Iodine content was determined in 66 samples of skeletal muscles of red deer cut out of the musculus gracilis, 32 samples and 27 samples from the same muscle of roe deer and wild boar, respectively. The shot game animals came from hunting grounds in western and southern regions of the Czech Republic and in Protected Landscape Area Šumava. In red deer muscles the average iodine content was 44.9 ± 15.2 μg I·kg-1wet weight with the range of 6.9 to 82.0 μg I·kg-1. The lower concentration in roe deer meat with the average 39.3 ± 14.1 μg I·kg-1and the range from 18.3 to 84.4μg I·kg-1may be due to differences between biotopes and food. The average iodine concentration in the musculus gracilis of wild boars was 55.9± 27.0 μg·kg-1wet weight. Selenium content was determined in 22 samples of red deer, 51 samples of roe deer and 27 samples of wild boar skeletal muscles. The average values of selenium content in the meat of red deer, roe deer and wild boars were 16.2 ± 8.4, 36.9 ± 16.6 and 27.6 ± 19.8 μg Se·kg-1wet weight, respectively. All three species of game animals are characterised by low content and high variability of selenium concentration in meat with the minimum value 3.9 µg and maximum value 83.3 μg·kg-1wet weight. The study brings new data on iodine and selenium content in the muscle of game animals in the Czech Republic.
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Intraocular Pressure in Horse
Authors: Giudice Elisabetta , Giannetto Claudia , Casella Stefania , Piccione Giuseppe
Published: December 2010

The present study was planned to investigate the effect of the intensity of exercise on intraocular pressure (IOP), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycaemia and blood lactate concentration in regularly trained Italian saddle jumper horses. On the first day five female horses performed 1 h of walking on an electronically controlled horse-walker at 100 m/min; on the second day 1 h session consisted of 5 min of walk, 30 min of trot, 20 min of gallop and one exercise of a 300 m long trail with eight jumps 90 cm high to be run in 1 min. The studied indicators were collected at rest, immediately after the exercise and 30 min after the exercise. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant effect of different workloads on blood lactate concentration, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. No significant difference was found in IOP reduction when comparing aerobic and moderate anaerobic exercise. Our results confirm that the lack of a significant change in IOP in the athletic horse after mild exercise is in accordance with the human athlete. The cardiovascular and haematological changes induced by aerobic and moderate anaerobic exercise had no significant effect on IOP, either.
Introduction and Administration of the Clinical Skill Test of the Medical Licensing Examination, Republic of Korea (2009)
Authors: Kim Kun Sang
Published: December 2010

The first trial of the clinical skill test as part of the Korean Medical Licensing Examination was done from September 23 to December 1, 2009, in the clinical skill test center located in the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board (NHPLEB) building, Seoul. Korea is the first country to introduce the clinical skill test as part of the medical licensing examination in Asia. It is a report on the introduction and administration of the test. The NHPLEB launched researches on the validity of introducing the clinical skill test and on the best implementation methods in 2000. Since 2006, lists of subjects of test items for the clinical skill test has been developed. The test consisted of two types of evaluation, i.e., a clinical performance examination (CPX) with a standardized patient (SP) and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). The proctor (medical faculty member) and SP rate the examinees??proficiency for the OSCE and CPX respectively. Out of 3,456 applicants, 3,289 examinees (95.2%) passed the test. Out of 167 examinees who failed the clinical skill test, 142 passed the written test. This means that the clinical skill test showed characteristics independent from the written test. This successful implementation of the clinical skill test is going to improve the medical graduates??performance of clinical skills.
Rhamnolipid Biosurfactants as New Players in Animal and Plant Defense against Microbes
Authors: Vatsa Parul , Sanchez Lisa , Clement Christophe , Baillieul Fabienne , Dorey Stephan
Published: December 2010

Rhamnolipids are known as very efficient biosurfactant molecules. They are used in a wide range of industrial applications including food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical formulations and bioremediation of pollutants. The present review provides an overview of the effect of rhamnolipids in animal and plant defense responses. We describe the current knowledge on the stimulation of plant and animal immunity by these molecules, as well as on their direct antimicrobial properties. Given their ecological acceptance owing to their low toxicity and biodegradability, rhamnolipids have the potential to be useful molecules in medicine and to be part of alternative strategies in order to reduce or replace pesticides in agriculture.
Piezoelectric Materials Synthesized by the Hydrothermal Method and Their Applications
Authors: Morita Takeshi
Published: December 2010

Synthesis by the hydrothermal method has various advantages, including low reaction temperature, three-dimensional substrate availability, and automatic polarization alignment during the process. In this review, powder synthesis, the fabrication of piezoelectric thin films, and their applications are introduced. A polycrystalline lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film was applied to a micro ultrasonic motor, and an epitaxial lead titanate (PbTiO3) thin film was estimated as a ferroelectric data storage medium. Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were successfully obtained for epitaxial PbTiO3 films. As lead-free piezoelectric powders, KNbO3 and NaNbO3 powders were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and sintered together to form (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics, from which reasonable piezoelectric performance was achieved.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Phenyltriazolinone Derivatives
Authors: Wu Qiongyou , Wang Guodong , Huang Shaowei , Lin Long , Yang Guangfu
Published: December 2010

Phenyltriazolinones are one of the most important classes of herbicides targeting the protoporphyrinogen oxidase enzyme. A series of triazolinone derivatives containing a strobilurin pharmacophore were designed and synthesized with the aim of discovering new phenyltriazolinone analogues with high activity. The herbicidal activity of the synthesized compounds was assayed and some of the test compounds displayed moderate herbicidal activity at 150 g ai/ha.
Development and Application of a Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire Called SHALOM
Authors: Fisher John
Published: December 2010

The Four Domains Model of Spiritual Health and Well-Being was used as the theoretical base for the development of several spiritual well-being questionnaires, with progressive fine-tuning leading to the Spiritual Health And Life-Orientation Measure (SHALOM). SHALOM comprises 20 items with five items reflecting the quality of relationships of each person with themselves, other people, the environment and/or God, in the Personal, Communal, Environmental and Transcendental domains of spiritual well-being. SHALOM has undergone rigorous statistical testing in several languages. SHALOM has been used with school and university students, teachers, nurses, medical doctors, church-attenders, in industry and business settings, with abused women, troubled youth and alcoholics. SHALOM provides a unique way of assessing spiritual well-being as it compares each person’s ideals with their lived experiences, providing a measure of spiritual harmony or dissonance in each of the four domains.
A High-Throughput Enzyme Assay for Organophosphate Residues in Milk
Authors: Mishra Rupesh K. , Deshpande Kanchanmala , Bhand Sunil
Published: December 2010

A rapid, high-sensitivity, chemiluminescence (CL) enzyme assay for the determination of organophosphate (OP) residues in milk is presented. The assay for quantification of OP residues in milk is based on the inhibition of enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). BuChE was stabilized and preloaded in 384 well plates at 30 °C. The assay permits rapid determination of OPs in milk within 12 min including an incubation step. The enzyme assay was tested for individual and mixtures of OPs such as methyl paraoxon (MPOx), methyl parathion (MP) and malathion (MT) in milk to evaluate their synergistic effect on BuChE inhibition. Good linearity was obtained in the range 0.005–50 µg·L−1 for MPOx and 0.5–1,000 µg·L−1 for MP as well as MT in milk. Mean recovery of 93.2%–98.6% was obtained for MPOx spiked milk samples with 0.99%–1.67% reproducibility (RSD). The proposed method facilitated rapid screening of milk samples in 384 well plate formats with further miniaturization presented in 1,536 well plates.
Gα13 and Rho Mediate Endosomal Trafficking of CXCR4 into Rab11+ Vesicles upon Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Stimulation
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kremer Kimberly N. , Dominguez Daniel , Tadi Madhavi , Hedin Karen E.
Published: December 2010

CXCR4, like other G protein-coupled receptors, signals via heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) to regulate gene transcription, migration, development, growth, and transformation. We describe a formerly uncharacterized function of a G protein: a role in receptor trafficking. We previously showed that CXCR4 and the TCR physically associate and form a heterodimer upon stromal cell-derived factor-1 or CXCL12 (SDF-1) stimulation in human T cells to prolong ERK activation and, thereby, lead to gene upregulation and cytokine secretion. The CXCR4–TCR heterodimers occur on the cell surface and in an intracellular compartment in response to SDF-1. Neither the intracellular compartment to which the CXCR4–TCR heterodimers localize nor the mechanism for localization has been elucidated. In this article, we characterize molecular mechanisms required for postendocytic trafficking of CXCR4. Upon SDF-1 stimulation, CXCR4 localizes to Rab11+ vesicles, a recycling compartment near the microtubule organizing center and Golgi apparatus. This trafficking requires the CXCR4 C-terminal tail domain but not the CXCR4 ubiquitination sites. The TCR also constitutively localizes to this Rab11+ compartment. Trafficking of CXCR4 into the Rab11+, TCR-containing endosomes requires actin polymerization. Furthermore, inhibiting Rho activation or depleting Gα13 prevented trafficking of CXCR4 into the Rab11+ endosomes without hindering the ability of CXCR4 to endocytose. These results indicated that, upon SDF-1 treatment, Gα13 and Rho mediate the actin polymerization necessary for trafficking CXCR4 into the Rab11+, recycling endosomal compartment, which also contains constitutively recycling TCR and, thus, CXCR4–TCR heterodimers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Gα13 as a mediator of receptor trafficking.