bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security Is a Surrogate for Development Management
Authors: Troshin Dmitriy V.
Published: March 2021

The desire to avoid the consequences of extreme social and economic situations under capitalism and globalization, including financial relations, encourages the state authorities to use various measures of protection from threats. This has been reflected in the creation of many relevant doctrinal and conceptual documents. The public demand has stimulated the development of risk management theory and security studies. The real science and practice of management to achieve goals in this environment is pragmatically replaced by regulation to prevent border-critical situations. However, no system of scientific knowledge has been obtained in applied scientific research on the security of socio-economic systems, explaining some set of special phenomena and reducing the open natural connections in the field of security, if there were any, to a single unifying principle. The search for such a beginning leads to the task of management. It was not possible to find objective grounds for determination of safety space boundaries (threshold values) of social and economic systems. Applied research methods are not specific to security and risk management issues and are used in management theory. Either maintenance of safety appears a private subtask in a context of the decision of a boundary problem of management of development of system, or at expanded interpretation of safety within the limits of the vital approach, as a desirable condition, actually merges with management problem for achieving the target condition. Artificial separation of the security task from the management task generates an imaginary contradiction between security and development, in the practical aspect leads to substitution of strategic management by security, creation of parallel institutions, and dispersion of resources. It is advisable in the scientific and practical spheres of management of socio-economic systems to concentrate efforts on solving the problems of strategic management of the system development in order to achieve a favorable (desired) future. Security and risk management tasks should be considered as local subtasks of ensuring the integrity of the system under specific impacts.
Risk Management as a Tool in the Development of Socio-Economic Ecosystems
Authors: Kachalov Roman M. , Sleptsova Yuliya A.
Published: March 2021

The main problems of sustainable development of business ecosystems are considered. It is proved that promising business ecosystems need to master and use modern, including digital, technologies in managing the level of risk. The purpose of this study is to expand the types of tools that can be used to manage the risk level of failure to achieve sustainable development of business ecosystems. To study the problems of risk management and identify the characteristics of the risk phenomenon in the activities of business ecosystems, the methodology and applied tools of the system economic theory and the operational theory of risk management are used. It is shown that the management of risk of harm to the environment, in the social sphere, and development of anti-risk impacts, reducing the level of risk of not achieving the necessary quality of management, improve the investment attractiveness of economic agents, members of the business ecosystem. The realization research may be of interest to enterprises and organizations that are developing their own strategies for sustainable development within the framework of emerging business ecosystems, or developing their own strategy for choosing and joining some hypothetical business ecosystem.
Opposition of Civilizations and the Role of State in the Era of Multipolar World
Authors: Volkonsky Victor A.
Published: March 2021

To study long-term socio-economic processes and the factors that determine them, two methods, two approaches are usually used at the present time: the theory of the cyclic change of world economic structures (WES) and the theory of the evolution of civilizations. In the theory of civilizations, attention is focused mainly on the factors that have the most long – ​term impact on economic and social processes, namely, on value-sense factors and the principles of the structure of society. The current spiritual, ideological, and geopolitical opposition – ​the confrontation between the American-style approach to globalization and the multipolar world (MPW) – ​can be seen as the most important engine and threat to historical development. The purpose of the article is to describe this confrontation in the language of the theory of civilizations. The article describes the civilizational turning point, the transformation of Christian Western Europe into the civilization of the capitalist West. The main task of this transformation was to eliminate all the traditional highest senses and ethical restrictions for the domination of the capital accumulation attitude and the ideology of individualistic liberalism. The article presents some features of the MPW that allow us to consider it (along with the concept of transition to a new, integral WES) as an emerging new civilization, an alternative to the civilization of the West. The leaders of the development of the new civilization are Russia and China. In these civilizations, the most important sense center is the state. In Russia, the focus on perfecting and heightening the status of the state can largely compensate for the decline of spiritual and ideological factors. This article is a continuation of the articles (Volkonsky, 2018; Volkonsky, Gavrilets, Kudrov, 2020).
“This Thing Still Works, Right?” Interpreting a Stationary Steam Locomotive
Authors: Shepherd Anni
Published: March 2021

This article deals with the preservation of steam locomotives as static objects in museum collections. In it I use the G-class 4-2-2 steam locomotive more commonly known as the Stirling Single No. 1, which is a part of the collection of the National Railway Museum in the UK, as a case study..

Through this case study I investigate the background of the locomotive as well as the reasons for its current static state of preservation. I argue that steam locomotives don’t need to be operational in order to be valuable and important museum objects and that their static state should be seen as a benefit and an advantage. My article examines these issues through the lens of museum education and learning.
Moottoriajoneuvot museoajoneuvoina ja museo-objekteina
Authors: Moilanen Teppo
Published: March 2021

Tässä artikkelissa käsittelen moottoriajoneuvojen museaalisuutta. Museaalisten esineiden merkitykset muodostuvat hyvin erilaisista lähtökohdista. Museoajoneuvoiksi entisöityihin vanhoihin moottoriajoneuvoihin liittyvä keskeinen pyrkimys on niiden toiminnallisuuden ylläpitäminen. Hyötyajoneuvojen kohdalla museoajoneuvoksi entisöimisen lopputulos on ristiriitainen. Kun ajoneuvo entisöidään, se palautetaan tilaan, jollainen se ei ole koskaan ollut. Tiettyä käyttötarkoitusta varten valmistetun laitteen käytön jäljet ja käytettävyyden menneisyys katoavat. Museokokoelmien objekteilla toiminnallisuus on yleensä toissijaista. Niissä arvokkaimpana pidetään käyttöhistoriaa ja autenttisuutta todisteina.

Esittelen myös lyhyesti Tie- ja vesirakennushallituksen hankinta-arkistoa ja Tiehallinnon kokoelmaa esimerkkinä laajasti kadonneen materiaalisen kulttuurin runsaasti kontekstualisoidusta kokonaisuudesta. Kokoelmiin kuuluu tienhoitokalustoa ja niiden hankintaan liittyviä asiakirjoja usealta vuosikymmeneltä. Museaalisesti nämä ovat siten arvokas kokonaisuus.
Pengujian Kuat Tekan Pada Beton Dengan Limbah Marmer Sebagai Subtitusi Agregat Kasar
Authors: Lestari Agustin Dita
Published: March 2021

Pengurangan jumlah pecahan marmer akibat hasil produksi industri marmer dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pecahan tersebut untuk material yang ada di dalam beton. Penelitian dilakukan dengan  maksud agar hasil dari penggantian sebagian agregat kasar dengan limbah pecahan marmer yang ditinjau dari nilai kuat tekan beton dapat diketahui. Penelitian dirancang dengan variasi penggantian pecahan marmer sebesar 0%, 15%, 25%, dan 35%. Pada beton silinder yang memiliki ukuran 15 cm sebagai diameternya dan 30 cm sebagai tingginya, serta telah mencapai umur beton 7 hari, 14 hari, dan 28 hari akan diuji kuat tekannya. Besar kuat tekan yang paling tinggi ada pada variasi 25%, yaitu sebesar 33,22% pada umur beton 28 hari. Dibandingkan dengan nilai kuat tekan beton pada variasi 0% atau beton normal, pada variasi 25% mengalami kenaikan sebesar 4,02%.ABSTRACTReducing the number of aggregate marble waste as a result of the marble industry can be done by using this for concrete materials. This research was conducted with the effect of coarse aggregate substitution with marble waste on the compression strength value of concrete can be known. The research was committed to variations of marble aggregate substitution in 0%, 15%, 25%, and 35%. The compression test will be committed on cylindrical concrete, which has a diameter of 15 cm, a height of 30 at the age of 7, 14, and 28 days of concrete. The value of compression strength at the age of 28 days has the highest variation of 25%, equal to 33.22%. Compared with the compression strength value in variation 0% or average concrete, the variation of 25% has increased by 4.02%.
Analisis Efektifitas Penggunaan Metode Kooperatif Tipe Learning Together pada Pembelajaran PAI di SMP Al Mahrusiyah Ngampel Kediri
Authors: Arahap Rinto , Makhromi Makhromi
Published: March 2021

This research is on the big topic of learning technology. The researcher tries to reveal the cooperative method of learning together type which is implemented in Al Mahrusiyah Junior High School in Kediri on the subject of Islamic Religious Education. The cooperative method of learning together type is used as a solution so that the class can be effective so that the objectives of learning can be achieved. The objectives of this study are (1) To reveal the effectiveness of the cooperative method of learning together type in SMK Al Mahrusiyah. (2) To reveal the impact of the cooperative method of learning together type in SMK Al Mahrusiyah. This research is a descriptive qualitative study using verbal data and analyzed by the source triangulation method. The results of the research are (1) The cooperative method of learning together type is felt to be implemented effectively with evidence of an increase in the value above the KKM value, (2) The impact arising from the application of the cooperative method of learning together is that students are more active.
Peran Pendidikan Islam terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Disiplin Peserta Didik
Authors: Salsabila Unik Hanifah , Hutami Annisa Septarea , Fakhiratunnisa Safira Aura , Ramadhani Wulan , Silvira Yuike
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the role of islamic education in order to characterize the discipline of students. There are still many students in public schools underestimate matters related to discipline such as morals, manners, behavior or others. Therefore, islamic education is the key and the best solution in the prescription of disciplinary character in students where Islamic education is a process of deepening and appreciating knowledge in which there are Islamic values ​​given to students through the growth and development of their natural potential in order to arrive at equality and the perfection of his life. The research method used in this research is descriptive analysis by collecting data and sources to be analyzed, then interpreted critically and presented more systematically about islamic education to order the character of discipline in students. The results showed that the character of discipline in students can be formed by the role of islamic education, including through the provision of religious materials, habits, advice, admonitions, and exemplary examples from educators.
Dampak Post-Truth di Media Sosial
Authors: Arifin Nuhdi Futuhal , Fuad A. Jauhar
Published: March 2021

This article reviews the background of the emergence of Post-truth and the impact of Post-truth. This lecture uses literature review by examining various sources of reading in mass media and social media. The results of this paper explain that in Indonesia Post-truth auctioning and post-election 2019 is rife on social media. Post-truth on social media does not stop there but continues to roll on various problems that exist in this country. Starting is an ethnicity, religion, and race. Hoaxes and hate speech using social media platforms as a means of spreading are not trivial matters, because the series of attacks may continue to surge. The pressure from social media often forms wild and uncontrollable opinions, which are hoped to be exploited by some groups for certain interests.
Penerapan Nilai-nilai Keislaman dan Keindonesiaan di Sekolah Indonesia Den Haag (SIDH) Sebagai Pilar Pendidikan Karakter Islam
Authors: Khobli Arofad  , Almas Nadjma Laynufaria , Ahmad Mushofihin  , Veny Widiyanti Putri
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe how the application of Islamic and Indonesian values in the Hague Indonesian School (SIDH) as a pillar of Islamic character education. The method used in this research is to use qualitative approach, using descriptive type. The results showed that the application of Islamic and Indonesian values in the Hague Indonesian School (SIDH) was applied through learning activities, not only that, but also through other activities in the institution. These values can run of course with the help of educators or schools who are very enthusiastic in strengthening Islamic character education, especially in the Netherlands and Europe. With the Islamic and Indonesian values, it can make the character attached to the students in The Hague Indonesian School (SIDH).
Board of Directors Influence on Leverage: A Conceptual Perspective
Authors: Younas Afshan , Kassim Aza Azlina Md
Published: March 2021

Board of directors are considered as an important proxy of corporate governance mechanism. Corporate governance plays a significant role in the development structure of stock market and businesses growth. In Gulf Cooperation Council region Oman is the first country to developed and adopt corporate governance mechanism. Oman holds a prominent position in the Middle East and North Africa region. The Omani economy basically depends on oil, gas and services sector. Due to oil crisis from 2015, Oman economy witnessed many challenges like rise in oil prices, unemployment and unfavorable balance of payment. On the other hand, the country encountered unfavorable debt level of the companies that made business companies unable to repay their loans. Therefore, this study proposes to explore conceptual model on the effect of board size, board composition and board tenure toward companies leverage. Though corporate governance mechanism is strong in developed countries, but the concept is still developing and progressing in Oman. Due to the current situation of Oman this study incorporates important proxies of corporate governance namely board structure, board composition and board tenure. Since the extensive research on corporate governance has been conducted but this relationship still not clearly established in developing countries specifically in context of Oman. Thus, this study provides a better and clear understanding on how the board size, board composition and board tenure impact and change capital leverage. In order to carry out this research, this study intended to collect secondary data from annual reports of listed companies at Muscat Securities Market. The discussions suggest the government and regulatory bodies’ that have strong corporate governance implication and practices may reduce the debt burden of the companies. The high proportion of leverage in capital structure may threaten the companies to bankruptcy or create negative image of firm in the financial market.
Individual and Institutional Determinants of the Scientific Production of Academic Staff in Human and Social Sciences in Moroccan Universities
Authors: Sanaa Doukkali
Published: March 2021

This research focuses on the scientific production of academic staff in Human and Social Sciences (HSS) in Moroccan universities. It takes place in a context marked by strong pressures related to scientific research and by changes in the mission of the University that impact the work of the academic at all levels. With regard to HSS, the Moroccan university system appears to be far from being in line with the logic of global competition, and the research activity of the academic staff in HSS is often out of step with institutional policies and the needs of national and international evaluation systems. This can be seen from the publication figures reported in commissioned reports or expert assessments carried out by national or international organizations, or by the scarcity of work that has studied the determinants of the production of academic staff in HSS in Morocco. Hence the objective of this research is to formulate a research model that gathers the potential determinants of the level of scientific production of academic staff and that is adapted to the context of Moroccan universities. Our research therefore aims to fill certain gaps in the knowledge of the social dynamics of knowledge production practices by HSS researchers who are often confused with their colleagues in other scientific fields.
Devil is in the detail: behaviorally explicit habitat selection by the Critically Endangered great Indian bustard
Authors: Dutta S , Jhala Y
Published: March 2021

Habitat management to accommodate ecological needs of threatened species can help abate biodiversity decline. Some species require contrasting microhabitats for different functions, and may prefer patches with ample, diverse microhabitats. We examined this problem for the Critically Endangered great Indian bustard Ardeotis nigriceps in 175 km2 breeding habitat in Kachchh, India. We developed behaviorally explicit resource selection functions (RSFs) by comparing used vs. available microhabitats using binomial generalized linear models that tested hypothesized habitat responses in an information theoretic framework. We identified suitable resource units based on fitted RSF values. We examined if availability of complementary resource units influenced density/usage at the patch level, using line transect distance sampling. Birds preferred agro-vegetation mixture, grassland, high fruit abundance and intermediate grazing density, and they avoided Prosopis thickets for foraging. They preferred moderately tall sward for day resting but shorter sward and less Prosopis for roosting. Nesting females preferred grasslands with relatively tall sward and abundant insects, while displaying males preferred grasslands with shorter sward, far from settlements. Thus, microhabitat selection differed between behaviors and differed from habitat availability. The RSF without behavioral segregation failed to capture these nuances and was non-informative for habitat management. Density/usage at the patch level was correlated with the availability of complementary microhabitats. Thus, protected area management to accommodate diverse life-history requirements may reduce species’ movements over large hostile landscapes and associated mortality. Overall, species requiring complementary microhabitats will benefit from management that promotes habitat heterogeneity. However, habitat use analysis based on behaviorally inexplicit occurrence cannot capture the habitat quality of such species.
Dental evagination (dens evaginatus) of the second premolar in the upper jaw. Clinical case
Authors: Mamedova L. A. , Efimovich O. I. , Podojnikov I. V. , Podoinikova A. A. , Bashtovoy A. A.
Published: March 2021

Dens evaginatus (DE) is an odontogenic developmental abnormality that can be defined as a tubercle or bulge on the surface of a tooth, consisting of the outer layer of enamel, dentin, and possibly pulp. Early diagnosis and treatment of dental evagination is important to prevent untimely endodontic treatment, occlusal trauma, aesthetics, and the development of fissure caries. This pathology of tooth development is usually found on the premolars of the lower jaw as an additional tubercle or bulge between the buccal and lingual tubercles. DE in the maxillary premolar has been reported rarely in the literature. We report one such rare case in the maxillary premolar.

Material and methods. The article describes a clinical case of treating a patient with dental evagination. For observation, we used X-ray images made with CBCT, as well as a photo protocol of the stages of patient treatment.

Conclusions. Since this pathology is rare, the description of this clinical case will help doctors better understand the approaches to dental treatment with such anomalies in the development of tooth tissues.
Adverse Effects of Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Diet on Stomach Tissues in Rats
Authors: İRKİN Latife Ceyda , ÖZTÜRK Şamil
Published: March 2021

Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758) belongs to the Veneridae family is given as nutrients to rats. R. decussatus was collected from three different locations from the Çanakkale Strait. Twenty-four male Wistar Albino rats (270-310 g) were used in the study. There were six rats for each experimental group. The first group fed with standard rat feed, the second group fed with 80% R. decussatus + 20% standard rat feed daily; the third group fed with 80% R. decussatus + 20% standard rat feed every other day, the fourth group fed with 80% R. decussatus + 80% standard rat feed every three days. After routine histopathological follow-up, gastric tissue samples of all subjects were stained and examined under the light microscope. There were no histopathological findings in the gastric tissues of rats in the control group of hematoxylin-eosin staining. In gastric tissues of rats fed with R. decussatus, chronic gastritis caused by mononuclear inflammation between lamina propria and occasional gastric glands was noted. It was observed that inflammation severity and distribution were high especially in tissues of rats fed with R. decussatus every day. It was observed that the most commonly consumed shellfish may cause pathological picture on the digestive system of rats. As a result, increasing environmental pollution threatens the life of water as well as land life, and the consumption of living organisms exposed to polluted environments continues to threaten and affect human life. It is important to pay attention to the conditions under which the consumed products are collected and how they are collected.
THE DISTINCTION LAW OF PROCEDURE OF CORRUPTION CASE AND THE GENERAL COURT IN INDONESIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Authors: Sukmareni Sukmareni , Efendi Roni , Zulfiko Riki
Published: March 2021

The Corruption Crime Court which based on Article 5 of the corruption Court Law has the authority to examine, adjudicate and decide on the corruption crime cases, money laundering crimes that was initiated by corruption crime and criminal acts that are expressly stipulated in other laws that considered as corruption act. The existence of sovereignty possessed by the State gives rise to jurisdiction (the authority to judge) in regulating the needs of the state both internally and externally. As a sovereign country, Indonesia has jurisdiction in resolving internal and external problems. There are three questions of the research; 1) What is the procedural law of the General Court in the Indonesian criminal justice system? 2) What is the procedural law of the Corruption Crime Court in the Indonesian criminal justice system?, 3) What is the difference between the procedural law of the Corruption Crime Court compared to the law of the General Court in the Indonesian criminal justice system ?.This research is hoped that the procedural laws used in the General Courts and the Corruption Crime Courts will be known, as well as the differences in the procedural laws used in the two Courts. This research is descriptive, using a normative juridical approach, especially the legal approach, used are secondary data as the main legal material in the form of laws relating to the procedural law of general courts and Corruption Crime courts. and qualitative analisis. Based on the research, it was found that differences in the procedural law of Corruption Crime courts compared to general court procedural law in the Indonesian criminal justice system were seen in the independence  of the Corruption Crime court institutions and the material that became the authority and the judicial process with the composition and members of the Panel of Judges consisting of career judges and ad hoc judges. division of duties for the presiding judge and its members, the period of time for the examination of the Corruption Crime and the evidence used, as well as their secret registrations which are also special in nature.
1. Abstract Machines
Authors: Fredrikzon Johan
Published: March 2021

Johan Fredrikzon spent one and a half years as a visiting research assistant at the Film and Media Studies Program at Yale University 2018/2019. Some months before he arrived, a two-day workshop on Simondon was held by the Yale-Düsseldorf Working Group on Philosophy and Media, titled Modes of Technical Objects, with scholars from the US and Germany. Fredrikzon decided to engage a few of the workshop participants for this special issue of Sensorium, with the purpose to discuss perspectives on Simondon as a theoretical instrument for thinking technology, how the French philosopher matters in their work, and why there seems to be a revival in the interest in the writing of Simondon these days.

About Gary Tomlinson:

Gary Tomlinson is John Hay Whitney Professor of Music and the Humanities and director of the Whitney Humanities Center at Yale University. Tomlinson has taught and written about the history of opera and early-modern musical thought and practice, but also on the philosophy of history and anthropological theory. In his current research, he combines humanistic theory with evolutionary science and archaeology to search for the role of culture in the evolution of man. Following A Million Years of Music: The Emergence of Human Modernity (MIT Press, 2015), his new book Culture and the Course of Human Evolution (Chicago, 2018) deepens the theoretical framework on how culture has shaped biology.
Vocabulary
Authors: Editors Sensorium
Published: March 2021

This vocabulary is inspired by ”A Short List of Gilbert Simondon’s Vocabulary” on the blog Fractalontology, but for the most part based on the article and interviews in this issue of Sensorium Journal. For more concepts, see:

Fractalontology.wordpress.com.
The Importance of Proper Oxygenation in 3D Culture
Authors: Tse Hubert M. , Gardner Graeme , Dominguez-Bendala Juan , Fraker Christopher A.
Published: March 2021

Cell culture typically employs inexpensive, disposable plasticware, and standard humidified CO2/room air incubators (5% CO2, ∼20% oxygen). These methods have historically proven adequate for the maintenance of viability, function, and proliferation of many cell types, but with broad variation in culture practices. With technological advances it is becoming increasingly clear that cell culture is not a “one size fits all” procedure. Recently, there is a shift toward comprehension of the individual physiological niches of cultured cells. As scale-up production of single cell and 3D aggregates for therapeutic applications has expanded, researchers have focused on understanding the role of many environmental metabolites/forces on cell function and viability. Oxygen, due to its role in cell processes and the requirement for adequate supply to maintain critical energy generation, is one such metabolite gaining increased focus. With the advent of improved sensing technologies and computational predictive modeling, it is becoming evident that parameters such as cell seeding density, culture media height, cellular oxygen consumption rate, and aggregate dimensions should be considered for experimental reproducibility. In this review, we will examine the role of oxygen in 3D cell culture with particular emphasis on primary islets of Langerhans and stem cell-derived insulin-producing SC-β cells, both known for their high metabolic demands. We will implement finite element modeling (FEM) to simulate historical and current culture methods in referenced manuscripts and innovations focusing on oxygen distribution. Our group and others have shown that oxygen plays a key role in proliferation, differentiation, and function of these 3D aggregates. Their culture in plastic consistently results in core regions of hypoxia/anoxia exacerbated by increased media height, aggregate dimensions, and oxygen consumption rates. Static gas permeable systems ameliorate this problem. The use of rotational culture and other dynamic culture systems also have advantages in terms of oxygen supply but come with the caveat that these endocrine aggregates are also exquisitely sensitive to mechanical perturbation. As recent work demonstrates, there is a strong rationale for the use of alternate in vitro systems to maintain physio-normal environments for cell growth and function for better phenotypic approximation of in vivo counterparts.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes as Dexamethasone Delivery Vehicles for Autoimmune Hepatitis Therapy
Authors: Zhao Jiawei , Li Yue , Jia Rongrong , Wang Jinghui , Shi Min , Wang Yugang
Published: March 2021

Exosomes (Exos) are nanosized vesicles (around 100 nm) that recently serve as a promising drug carrier with high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Previous studies showed that Exos secreted from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide protection for concanavalin A (Con A)-induced liver injury. In this study, the protective effect of Exos is confirmed, and dexamethasone (DEX)-incorporated Exos named Exo@DEX are prepared. It is then investigated whether Exo@DEX can function more efficiently compared to free drugs and naive Exos in a Con A-induced autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) mouse model. The results show that Exo@DEX efficiently improves the accumulation of DEX in AIH in the liver. These data suggest that Exo@DEX is a promising drug carrier for AIH and could have applications in other diseases.
Coenzyme Q10 Biosynthesis Established in the Non-Ubiquinone Containing Corynebacterium glutamicum by Metabolic Engineering
Authors: Burgardt Arthur , Moustafa Ayham , Persicke Marcus , Sproß Jens , Patschkowski Thomas , Risse Joe Max , Peters-Wendisch Petra , Lee Jin-Ho , Wendisch Volker F.
Published: March 2021

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) serves as an electron carrier in aerobic respiration and has become an interesting target for biotechnological production due to its antioxidative effect and benefits in supplementation to patients with various diseases. For the microbial production, so far only bacteria have been used that naturally synthesize CoQ10 or a related CoQ species. Since the whole pathway involves many enzymatic steps and has not been fully elucidated yet, the set of genes required for transfer of CoQ10 synthesis to a bacterium not naturally synthesizing CoQ species remained unknown. Here, we established CoQ10 biosynthesis in the non-ubiquinone-containing Gram-positive Corynebacterium glutamicum by metabolic engineering. CoQ10 biosynthesis involves prenylation and, thus, requires farnesyl diphosphate as precursor. A carotenoid-deficient strain was engineered to synthesize an increased supply of the precursor molecule farnesyl diphosphate. Increased farnesyl diphosphate supply was demonstrated indirectly by increased conversion to amorpha-4,11-diene. To provide the first CoQ10 precursor decaprenyl diphosphate (DPP) from farnesyl diphosphate, DPP synthase gene ddsA from Paracoccus denitrificans was expressed. Improved supply of the second CoQ10 precursor, para-hydroxybenzoate (pHBA), resulted from metabolic engineering of the shikimate pathway. Prenylation of pHBA with DPP and subsequent decarboxylation, hydroxylation, and methylation reactions to yield CoQ10 was achieved by expression of ubi genes from Escherichia coli. CoQ10 biosynthesis was demonstrated in shake-flask cultivation and verified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CoQ10 production in a non-ubiquinone-containing bacterium.
Reconstruction of Past Glacier Changes with an Ice-Flow Glacier Model: Proof of Concept and Validation
Authors: Eis Julia , van der Laan Larissa , Maussion Fabien , Marzeion Ben
Published: March 2021

Estimations of global glacier mass changes over the course of the 20th century require automated initialization methods, allowing the reconstruction of past glacier states from limited information. In a previous study, we developed a method to initialize the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) from past climate information and present-day geometry alone. Tested in an idealized framework, this method aimed to quantify how much information present-day glacier geometry carries about past glacier states. The method was not applied to real-world cases, and therefore, the results were not comparable with observations. This study closes the gap to real-world cases by introducing a glacier-specific calibration of the mass balance model. This procedure ensures that the modeled present-day geometry matches the observed area and that the past glacier evolution is consistent with bias-corrected past climate time series. We apply the method to 517 glaciers, spread globally, for which either mass balance observations or length records are available, and compare the observations to the modeled reconstructed glacier changes. For the validation of the initialization method, we use multiple measures of reconstruction skill (e.g., MBE, RMSE, and correlation). We find that the modeled mass balances and glacier lengths are in good agreement with the observations, especially for glaciers with many observation years. These results open the door to a future global application.
The Design of a Gamified Responsible Use of Social Media
Authors: Marcial Dave E. , dela Peña Lawrence , Montemayor Jade , Dy Joy
Published: March 2021

Social media is part of almost everyone's daily life. Its networking facilities redefines the way people connect and interact with each other. However, social media is reported being misused in different ways, especially the millennials. There is a need to elevate the teens' level of empowerment on the responsible use of social media. Other technological innovations like augmented reality (AR) and digital gamification provides pedagogical benefits. Digital gamification in the classroom is a teaching strategy that translates content and delivery into a game using digital technology. On the other hand, AR is an emerging technology to enlarge real-life situations in multimedia. Research shows both technologies increase interactivity well as attention span among the learners. Additionally, these technologies, including social media, are among the many useful tools in teaching twenty first century learners once correctly used. With this, a game-based mobile application was developed to advocate responsible use of social media among teens. The learning content was gamified in augmented reality to provide an innovative teaching and learning way at Silliman University. This paper describes the gamification design of the learning trail on the topic of responsible use of social media. Specifically, it presents the publishing process of the augmented reality mobile application about responsible use of social media. Kuhlmann's 3C Model (Challenge, Choices, Consequences) was utilized to formulate the learning content. It also demonstrates the design phases, game mechanics, and the general evaluation of the learning application. Four challenges were developed. These are (a) be familiar with security and privacy policies, (b) do not express concerns about others, even if you think you are anonymous, (c) respond to digital offenders, (d) do not tell the world about an upcoming vacation. These challenges were translated into graphics and animations. The animated material was compiled, programmed, and published to a server of the mobile application. The gamified learning trail on responsible use of social media is accessible through QR codes leading to the augmented reality interface. The design was validated and found to be relevant and engaging.
Estrogen Receptor Beta Influences the Inflammatory p65 Cistrome in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Indukuri Rajitha , Hases Linnea , Archer Amena , Williams Cecilia
Published: March 2021

Inflammation is a primary component of both initiation and promotion of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cytokines secreted by macrophages, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), activates the pro-survival transcription factor complex NFκB. The precise mechanism of NFκB in CRC is not well studied, but we recently reported the genome-wide transcriptional impact of TNFα in two CRC cell lines. Further, estrogen signaling influences inflammation in a complex manner and suppresses CRC development. CRC protective effects of estrogen have been shown to be mediated by estrogen receptor beta (ERβ, ESR2), which also impacts inflammatory signaling of the colon. However, whether ERβ impacts the chromatin interaction (cistrome) of the main NFκB subunit p65 (RELA) is not known. We used p65 chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-Seq) in two different CRC cell lines, HT29 and SW480, with and without expression of ERβ. We here present the p65 colon cistrome of these two CRC cell lines. We identify that RELA and AP1 motifs are predominant in both cell lines, and additionally describe both common and cell line-specific p65 binding sites and correlate these to transcriptional changes related to inflammation, migration, apoptosis and circadian rhythm. Further, we determine that ERβ opposes a major fraction of p65 chromatin binding in HT29 cells, but enhances p65 binding in SW480 cells, thereby impacting the p65 cistrome differently in the two cell lines. However, the biological functions of the regulated genes appear to have similar roles in both cell lines. To our knowledge, this is the first time the p65 CRC cistrome is compared between different cell lines and the first time an influence by ERβ on the p65 cistrome is investigated. Our work provides a mechanistic foundation for a better understanding of how estrogen influences inflammatory signaling through NFκB in CRC cells.
Efficient Synthesis of Pinoresinol, an Important Lignin Dimeric Model Compound
Authors: Yue Fengxia , Lan Wu , Zhang Liming , Lu Fachuang , Sun Runcang , Ralph John
Published: March 2021

Pinoresinol is a high-value monolignol-derived lignan used in plant defense and with human health-supporting effects. The synthetic yield and isolation efficiency of racemic pinoresinol from coniferyl alcohol by conventional radical coupling methods is sub-optimal. In this work, a facile and efficient synthetic approach was developed to synthesize pinoresinol with much higher yield. By using 5-bromoconiferyl alcohol, which was synthesized in high yield from 5-bromovanillin, to make 5,5′-bromopinoresinol via a peroxidase-mediated radical coupling reaction takes advantage of the smaller variety of radical coupling products from the 5-substituted monolignol, producing simpler product mixtures from which 5,5′-bromopinoresinol may be readily crystalized with good yield (total yield of 44.1% by NMR; isolated crystalline yield of 24.6%). Hydro-debromination of the crystalline 5,5′-bromopinoresinol to pinoresinol was essentially quantitative. Gram quantities of pinoresinol were conveniently synthesized by using this approach. This simple alternative pathway to make pinoresinol will impact pinoresinol-related research including structural characterization and modification of lignins, as well as clinical applications of pinoresinol and its derivatives.
Electrode and Electrolyte Materials From Atomistic Simulations: Properties of LixFEPO4 Electrode and Zircon-Based Ionic Conductors
Authors: Kowalski Piotr M. , He Zhengda , Cheong Oskar
Published: March 2021

LixFePO4 orthophosphates and fluorite- and pyrochlore-type zirconate materials are widely considered as functional compounds in energy storage devices, either as electrode or solid state electrolyte. These ceramic materials show enhanced cation exchange and anion conductivity properties that makes them attractive for various energy applications. In this contribution we discuss thermodynamic properties of LixFePO4 and yttria-stabilized zirconia compounds, including formation enthalpies, stability, and solubility limits. We found that at ambient conditions LixFePO4 has a large miscibility gap, which is consistent with existing experimental evidence. We show that cubic zirconia becomes stabilized with Y content of ~8%, which is in line with experimental observations. The computed activation energy of 0.92eV and ionic conductivity for oxygen diffusion in yttria-stabilized zirconia are also in line with the measured data, which shows that atomistic modeling can be applied for accurate prediction of key materials properties. We discuss these results with the existing simulation-based data on these materials produced by our group over the last decade. Last, but not least, we discuss similarities of the considered compounds in considering them as materials for energy storage and radiation damage resistant matrices for immobilization of radionuclides.
Storm Gloria: Sea State Evolution Based on in situ Measurements and Modeled Data and Its Impact on Extreme Values
Authors: de Alfonso Marta , Lin-Ye Jue , García-Valdecasas José M. , Pérez-Rubio Susana , Luna M. Yolanda , Santos-Muñoz Daniel , Ruiz M. Isabel , Pérez-Gómez Begoña , Álvarez-Fanjul Enrique
Published: March 2021

Storm Gloria, generated on January 17th, 2020 in the Eastern North Atlantic, crossed the Iberian Peninsula and impacted the Western Mediterranean during the following days. The event produced relevant damages on the coast and the infrastructures at the Catalan-Balearic Sea, due to extraordinary wind and wave fields, concomitant with anomalously intense rain and ocean currents. Puertos del Estado (the Spanish holding of harbors) has developed and operates a complex monitoring and forecasting system (PORTUS System), in collaboration with the Spanish Met Office (AEMET). The present work shows how Gloria was correctly forecasted by this system, alerts were properly issued (with special focus to the ports), and the buoys were able to monitor the sea state conditions during the event, measuring several new records of significant wave height and exceptional high mean wave periods. The paper describes, in detail, the dynamic evolution of the atmospheric conditions, and the sea state during the storm. It is by means of the study of both in situ and modeled PORTUS data, in combination with the AEMET weather forecast system results. The analysis also serves to place this storm in a historical context, showing the exceptional nature of the event, and to identify the specific reasons why its impact was particularly severe. The work also demonstrates the relevance of the PORTUS System to warn, in advance, the main Spanish Ports. It prevents accidents that could result in fatal casualties. To do so, the wave forecast warning performance is analyzed, making special focus on the skill score for the different horizons. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how a storm of this nature results in the need of changes on the extreme wave analysis for the area. It impacts all sorts of design activities at the coastline. The paper studies both how this storm fits into existing extreme analysis and how these should be modified in the light of this particular single event. This work is the first of a series of papers to be published on this issue. They analyze, in detail, other aspects of the event, including evolution of sea level and description of coastal damages.
Update on the Mechanisms of Tubular Cell Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Chang Jingsheng , Yan Jiayi , Li Xueling , Liu Ni , Zheng Rong , Zhong Yifei
Published: March 2021

Increasing evidence supports a role of proximal tubular (PT) injury in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), in patients with or without proteinuria. Research on the mechanisms of the PT injury in DKD could help us to identify potential new biomarkers and drug targets for DKD. A high glucose transport state and mismatched local hypoxia in the PT of diabetes patients may be the initiating factors causing PT injury. Other mechanism such as mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, ER stress, and deficiency of autophagy interact with each other leading to more PT injury by forming a vicious circle. PT injury eventually leads to the development of tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis in DKD. Many downstream signaling pathways have been demonstrated to mediate these diseased processes. This review focuses mostly on the novel mechanisms of proximal renal tubular injury in DKD and we believe such review could help us to better understand the pathogenesis of DKD and identify potential new therapies for this disease.
Sialometabolism in Brain Health and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Rawal Punam , Zhao Liqin
Published: March 2021

Sialic acids refer to a unique family of acidic sugars with a 9-carbon backbone that are mostly found as terminal residues in glycan structures of glycoconjugates including both glycoproteins and glycolipids. The highest levels of sialic acids are expressed in the brain where they regulate neuronal sprouting and plasticity, axon myelination and myelin stability, as well as remodeling of mature neuronal connections. Moreover, sialic acids are the sole ligands for microglial Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins), and sialic acid-Siglec interactions have been indicated to play a critical role in the regulation of microglial homeostasis in a healthy brain. The recent discovery of CD33, a microglial Siglec, as a novel genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), highlights the potential role of sialic acids in the development of microglial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in AD. Apart from microglia, sialic acids have been found to be involved in several other major changes associated with AD. Elevated levels of serum sialic acids have been reported in AD patients. Alterations in ganglioside (major sialic acid carrier) metabolism have been demonstrated as an aggravating factor in the formation of amyloid pathology in AD. Polysialic acids are linear homopolymers of sialic acids and have been implicated to be an important regulator of neurogenesis that contributes to neuronal repair and recovery from neurodegeneration such as in AD. In summary, this article reviews current understanding of neural functions of sialic acids and alterations of sialometabolism in aging and AD brains. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of looking at sialic acids as a promising novel therapeutic target for AD intervention.