bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in relatives of people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Larsson Henrik , Rydén Eleonore , Boman Marcus , Långström Niklas , Lichtenstein Paul , Landén Mikael
Published: May 2013

Background

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and it has been suggested that combined bipolar disorder and ADHD is aetiologically distinct from the pure disorders.

Aims

To clarify whether ADHD shares genetic and environmental factors with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Method

By linking longitudinal Swedish national registers, we identified 61 187 persons with ADHD (the proband group) and their first- and second-degree relatives, and matched them with a control group of people without ADHD and their corresponding relatives. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine the risks of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in the relatives of the two groups.

Results

First-degree relatives of the ADHD proband group were at increased risk of both bipolar disorder (odds ratio (OR) = 1.84−2.54 for parents, offspring and full siblings) and schizophrenia (OR = 1.71−2.22 for parents, offspring and full siblings). The risks of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia among second-degree relatives were substantially lower than among full siblings.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the co-occurrence of ADHD and bipolar disorder as well as ADHD and schizophrenia is due to shared genetic factors, rather than representing completely aetiologically distinct subsyndromes.
Anachronizing the Penitentiary, Queering the History of Sexuality
Authors: Amin Kadji
Published: May 2013

The backward turn to anachronistic forms of punishment and bygone historical periods in Jean Genet's 1946 memoir-novel, Miracle of the Rose, is not fully intelligible either as a retrograde resistance to “progressive” politics or as a compensation for the impossibility of same-sex desire in the novel's present, as Genet critics and literary critics of pre-Stonewall texts have tried to argue. Rather, Miracle's anachronisms open a temporal fold for queer modes of belonging, pleasure, and even paradise that, though historically experienced, remain unintelligible within forward-thrusting histories of sexuality, narratives of maturation, and discourses of penal reform. This article proposes that Miracle's cultural work on anachronism is not happenstance but necessitated, first, by the criminological and psychiatric construction of the homosexual pervert and the delinquent as linked figures of anachronism — of atavism, degeneration, and perverse development — and second, by the modern penitentiary's disciplinary organization of time. Precisely because of its status as a flashpoint within discourses of delinquency and of criminal reeducation, anachronism may constitute a resource for elaborating counter-temporalities congenial to queer modes of belonging.
Lagrangian transport pathways in the northeast Atlantic and their environmental impact
Authors: Sala Iria , Caldeira Rui M. A. , Estrada‐Allis Sheila N. , Froufe Elsa , Couvelard Xavier
Published: May 2013

Lay Abstract

The study of transport by ocean currents has important applications for fisheries, conservation biology, pollution control, and military and rescue missions, among others. Though the number of observations of the world ocean has increased substantially in the last decade, the drifting induced by the ocean currents at different depths is still not yet fully mapped or well understood. In this article we use an ocean circulation model to study transport induced by the oceanic currents within the Canary Basin, located in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. To assess the accuracy of the model calculations, comparisons made with satellite and other observations suggest a good representation of some features known to occur in the region. The calculation of the transport routes indicates that there are four different layered pathways: 0–10 m, 20–200 m, 300–500 m, and 600–2000 m deep. Results from previous biological studies on marine organisms, oceanic water mass distribution, and observations of the rafting of crude oil spilled during the Prestige oil tanker accident (in Galicia, north of Spain) partially confirm our calculated routes. This preliminary yet provocative study should stimulate future studies involving more model complexity and further observational campaigns.
Spatial regulation of RhoC activity defines protrusion formation in migrating cells
Authors: Bravo-Cordero Jose Javier , Sharma Ved P. , Roh-Johnson Minna , Chen Xiaoming , Eddy Robert , Condeelis John , Hodgson Louis
Published: May 2013

Protrusion formation is the first step that precedes cell movement of motile cells. Spatial control of actin polymerization is necessary to achieve directional protrusion during cell migration. Here we show that the spatial coordinators p190RhoGEF and p190RhoGAP regulate actin polymerization during leading edge protrusions by regulating the shape of the actin barbed end distribution and amplitude. The distribution of RhoC activity and proper balance of cofilin activation achieved by p190RhoGEF and p190RhoGAP determines the direction of final protrusive activity. This mechanism reveals a new insight into the dynamic plasticity in the amplitude and distribution of barbed ends which can be modulated by fine-tuning RhoC activity by upstream GEFs and GAPs for directed cell motility.
The D-type cyclins and their role in tumorigenesis
Authors: Peters Gordon
Published: May 2013

The D-type cyclins are expressed during the progression from G0/G1 to S phase in the mammalian cell cycle. There is considerable evidence that they contribute to the development of specific cancers, both in humans and in mouse models. For example, cyclin D1 can be activated by chromosomal translocation, DNA amplification and retroviral integration. Cyclins D1, D2 and D3 preferentially associate with two closely related members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, Cdk4 and Cdk6 and the various complexes are each capable of phosphorylating the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb), at least in vitro. This suggests that the growth promoting effects of the D-cyclins may be manifest via their interactions with tumour suppressor genes.
Signal transduction by the macrophage-colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R)
Authors: Roussel Martine F.
Published: May 2013

The macrophage-specific colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF- 1 or M-CSF) is required throughout the G1 phase of the cell cycle to regulate both immediate and delayed early responses necessary for cell proliferation. These are triggered by the binding of the growth factor to the colony- stimulating factor 1 receptor and the activation of its intrinsic tyrosine-specific protein kinase. Phosphorylation of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor on specific tyrosine residues enables it to bind directly to cytoplasmic effector proteins, which in turn relay receptor-induced signals through multiple-signal transduction pathways. The activity of p21ras as well as transcription factors of the ets gene family appears to be required for colony-stimulat- ing factor 1 to induce the c-myc gene, and the latter response is essential to ensure cell proliferation. Genes within the fos/jun or activator protein 1 family are targeted via a parallel and independently regulated signal trans- duction pathway. The continuous requirement for colony- stimulating factor 1 after the immediate early response is initiated indicates that expression of additional delayed early response genes, although contingent on previously induced gene products, might also depend on colony-stim- ulating factor 1-induced signals. Among the growth factor- regulated delayed early response genes are D-type G1 cyclins, which play an important role in cell-cycle progression.
The role of the p53 and Rb-1 genes in cancer, development and apoptosis
Authors: Hooper Martin L.
Published: May 2013

Gene targeting using embryonal stem cells has been used to generate strains of mice with inactivating mutations at the Rb-1 and p53 tumour suppressor loci. Mice heterozygous for a null allele of Rb-1 do not show retinoblastomas but instead develop pituitary tumours. Homozygotes die at between 10 and 14 days’ gestation and show increased levels of both cell division and cell death by apoptosis in the haematopoietic and nervous systems. This is consistent with the view that the Rb-1 gene product plays a general role in the maturation of precursor cells. In contrast, mice het- erozygous for a null allele of p53 are predisposed to a spectrum of tumours, while the corresponding homozygotes are viable but show a very high tumour incidence. Thymo- cytes from p53 homozygotes, unlike wild-type thymocytes, do not show increased levels of apoptosis following treatment with DNA-damaging agents, while response to its induction by other agents is unaltered. Similarly, epithelial cells from the crypts of both small and large intestine of p53- deficient mice are resistant to the induction of apoptosis by γ -irradiation. In contrast, two other early responses of wild- type crypts to γ -irradiation, namely the G2 block and the reduction in bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, are both largely intact in p53-deficient mice. These observations are consistent with the view that p53 is responsible for monitoring DNA damage so that damaged cells can be either repaired or eliminated prior to division.
Coupling of DNA replication and mitosis by fission yeast rad4/cut5
Authors: Saka Yasushi , Fantes Peter , Yanagida Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2013

The fission yeast cut5+ (identical to rad4+) gene is essential for S phase. Its temperature-sensitive (ts) mutation causes mitosis while S phase is inhibited: dependence of mitosis upon the completion of S phase is abolished. If DNA is damaged in mutant cells, however, cell division is arrested. Thus the checkpoint control system for DNA damage is functional, while that for DNA synthesis inhibition is not in the cut5 mutants. Transcription of the cut5+ gene is not under the direct control of cdc10+, which encodes a tran-scription factor for the START of cell cycle. The transcript level does not change during the cell cycle. The protein product has four distinct domains and is enriched in the nucleus. Its level does not alter during the cell cycle. The N-domain is important for cut5 protein function: it is essential for complementation of ts cut5 mutations and its overexpression blocks cell division. Furthermore, it resembles the N-terminal repeat domain of proto-oncopro-tein Ect2, which, in the C-domain, contains a regulator-like sequence for small G proteins. We discuss a hypothesis that the cut5 protein is an essential component of the checkpoint control system for the completion of DNA synthesis. The restraint of mitosis until the completion of S phase is mediated by the cuts protein, which can sense the state of chromosome duplication and negatively interacts with M phase regulators such as cdc25 and cdc2.
A One-step Strategy for Reinforced Poly(propylene carbonate) with Partial Crosslinking via Terpolymerization of CO2 and Propylene Oxide Using Triglycidyl Isocyanurate
Authors: Feng Jiu-Ying , Gao Li-Jun , Chen Bing , Wu Xiao-Jun , Luo Qiao-Li , Wu Cai-Yan , Zheng Chun-Xia , Lin Liang-Zhu , Deng Shu-Lin , Huang Xiao-Min
Published: May 2013

Partly crosslinked poly(propylene carbonate) (pc-PPC) is directly prepared by terpolymerization of CO2 and propylene oxide using multifunctional triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC). It is thermoplastic and exhibits significantly enhanced properties with the 5% weight-loss degradation temperature of 271 °C and the tensile strength of 37.4 MPa, along with good toughness with elongation at break of 446%. These findings may develop a facile and effective way to ensure that PPC can be melt-processed without decomposition and used as a structural material.
Selective Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to 1,2-Propanediol Using Heterogeneous Copper Nanoparticle Catalyst Derived from Cu–Al Hydrotalcite
Authors: Mizugaki Tomoo , Arundhathi Racha , Mitsudome Takato , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: May 2013

The copper nanoparticle catalyst prepared from Cu–Al hydrotalcite gives an excellent yield of 1,2-propanediol in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol. The copper nanoparticle catalyst also exhibits high durability against sintering during the hydrogenolysis reaction and can be reused without appreciable loss of activity or selectivity.
Oxygen Incorporation into Infinite-layer Structure AFeO2 (A = Sr or Ca)
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuya , Kan Daisuke , Ichikawa Noriya , Hosokawa Saburo , Kageyama Hiroshi , Shimakawa Yuichi
Published: May 2013

Oxygen incorporation into infinite-layer structure compounds SrFeO2 and CaFeO2 has been investigated by thermogravimetry analysis. Oxygen begins to be incorporated into SrFeO2 at low temperatures like 100 °C, and the incorporation-reaction rate in SrFeO2 is much larger than that in CaFeO2. A larger structural framework has advantages in regard to the low activation energy for the oxygen incorporation reaction.
hnRNP A1 and secondary structure coordinate alternative splicing of Mag
Authors: Zearfoss N. Ruth , Johnson Emily S. , Ryder Sean P.
Published: May 2013

Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a major component of myelin in the vertebrate central nervous system. MAG is present in the periaxonal region of the myelin structure, where it interacts with neuronal proteins to inhibit axon outgrowth and protect neurons from degeneration. Two alternatively spliced isoforms of Mag mRNA have been identified. The mRNA encoding the shorter isoform, known as S-MAG, contains a termination codon in exon 12, while the mRNA encoding the longer isoform, known as L-MAG, skips exon 12 and produces a protein with a longer C-terminal region. L-MAG is required in the central nervous system. How inclusion of Mag exon 12 is regulated is not clear. In a previous study, we showed that heteronuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) contributes to Mag exon 12 skipping. Here, we show that hnRNP A1 interacts with an element that overlaps the 5′ splice site of Mag exon 12. The element has a reduced ability to interact with the U1 snRNP compared with a mutant that improves the splice site consensus. An evolutionarily conserved secondary structure is present surrounding the element. The structure modulates interaction with both hnRNP A1 and U1. Analysis of splice isoforms produced from a series of reporter constructs demonstrates that the hnRNP A1-binding site and the secondary structure both contribute to exclusion of Mag exon 12.
Generalized parallel pi-equidistant ruled surfaces
Authors: Kuruoğlu Nuri , Masal Melek
Published: May 2013

In this paper, parallel pi-equidistant ruled surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space E3, [6], were generalized to n-dimensional Euclidean space En. Then mean curvatures, Lipschitz–Killing curvatures, Gauss curvatures, scalar normal curvatures, Riemannian curvatures, Ricci curvatures, scalar curvatures of (m + 1)-dimensional parallel pi-equidistant ruled surfaces were calculated and some relations between these curvatures were found. Also, examples related to the parallel p3-equidistant ruled surfaces in the E3 are given.
Unary polynomials on a class of semidirect products of finite groups
Authors: Kaarli Kalle , Puusemp Peeter
Published: May 2013

We describe unary polynomial functions on nite groups G that are semidirect products of an elementary abelian group of exponent p and a cyclic group of prime order q, p ≠ q.
On the homological classification of pomonoids: atomic posemilattices
Authors: Kilp Mati
Published: May 2013

Between dierent and relatively well investigated so-called flatness properties of S-posets there is a property called property (Pw) which, so far, has not received much attention. In a recent paper by the author pomonoids from a subclass of completely simple semigroups with adjoined identity, all of whose cyclic (Rees factor) S-posets satisfy property (Pw), were characterized. In this paper pomonoids which as monoids are atomic semilattices, all of whose Rees factor S-posets satisfy property (Pw), are characterized.
When Smaller Menus Are Better: Variability in Menu-Setting Ability
Authors: Goldreich David , Hałaburda Hanna
Published: May 2013

Are large menus better than small menus? Recent literature argues that individuals' apparent preference for smaller menus can be explained by their behavioral biases or informational limitations. These explanations imply that absent behavioral or informational effects, larger menus would be objectively better. However, in an important economic context—401(k) pension plans—we find that larger menus are objectively worse than smaller menus, as measured by the maximum Sharpe ratio achievable. We propose a model in which menu setters differ in their ability to preselect the menu. We show that when the cost of increasing the menu size is sufficiently small, a lower-ability menu setter optimally offers more items in the menu than a higher-ability menu setter. Nevertheless, the menu optimally offered by a higher-ability menu setter remains superior. This results in a negative relation between menu size and menu quality: smaller menus are better than larger menus.

This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
Can Financial Markets Inform Operational Improvement Efforts? Evidence from the Airline Industry
Authors: Ramdas Kamalini , Williams Jonathan , Lipson Marc
Published: May 2013

We investigate whether stock price movements can inform operations managers as to where they should focus improvement efforts. We examine how unexpected performance along several dimensions of service quality—on-time performance, long delays and cancellations, lost bags, and denied boardings—impacts contemporaneous stock returns. Prior research suggests that airlines buffer their flight schedules and engage in expensive employee incentive programs to increase the likelihood of on-time arrival. We find that only long delays are penalized by the market, and we identify a number of carrier-specific factors that alter the financial impact of long delays. We find that the penalty a carrier faces for long delays is significantly higher if it operates a high percentage of short-haul or connecting flights, or if its competitors incur fewer long delays in the same time period. Our findings suggest that developing ways to curtail long delays is a useful future research area.
eGEMs: Pragmatic Publishing to Build a Learning Health System
Authors: Holve Erin
Published: May 2013

The Electronic Data Methods (EDM) Forum announces the launch of eGEMs (Generating
Evidence and Methods to improve patient outcomes), a new, free, open access,
peer-reviewed e-publication. eGEMs aims to disseminate innovative ideas about how
electronic clinical data (ECD) can be leveraged in comparative effectiveness research
(CER), patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) and quality improvement (QI). eGEMs
seeks submissions in four main topic areas: analytic methods, clinical informatics,
governance, and the learning health system. The goal of eGEMs is ultimately to promote
dialogue and the sharing of ideas between researchers and other stakeholders in a
credible and timely way, extending the efforts of the EDM Forum.
Learning How to Learn: How AcademyHealth is Supporting Evidence Generation in a
Transforming World
Authors: Simpson Lisa
Published: May 2013

The field of health services research faces significant challenges as it aims to
address pressing issues of quality and cost in the US healthcare system. Major advances
in the availability of electronic clinical data (ECD) provide the opportunity to address
questions that are important to the recipients, providers, and purchasers of health
care. This is where eGEMs has a role to play, meeting an expressed need in the
scientific community by disseminating approaches and methods for using ECD. eGEM’s
efforts can help researchers answer these important questions and consider strategies to
further improve the US healthcare system.
Security Approaches in Using Tablet Computers for Primary Data Collection in
Clinical Research
Authors: Wilcox Adam , Gallagher Kathleen , Bakken Suzanne
Published: May 2013

Next-generation tablets (iPads and Android tablets) may potentially improve the
collection and management of clinical research data. The widespread adoption of tablets,
coupled with decreased software and hardware costs, has led to increased consideration
of tablets for primary research data collection. When using tablets for the Washington
Heights/Inwood Infrastructure for Comparative Effectiveness Research (WICER) project, we
found that the devices give rise to inherent security issues associated with the
potential use of cloud-based data storage approaches. This paper identifies and
describes major security considerations for primary data collection with tablets;
proposes a set of architectural strategies for implementing data collection forms with
tablet computers; and discusses the security, cost, and workflow of each strategy. The
paper briefly reviews the strategies with respect to their implementation for three
primary data collection activities for the WICER project.
Crystal structure of bis(µ2-1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane-κ2P,P')- bis(acetato-κ2O,O')disilver(I)-methanol (1:4), [Ag2(CH3COO)2(C27H26P2)2]·4CH3OH, C62H74Ag2O8P4
Authors: Qiu Qi-Ming , Yu Yue , Zhao Yin-Hua , Jin Qiong-Hua , Zhang Cun-Lin
Published: May 2013

C62H74Ag2O8P4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.024(1) Å, b = 17.888(1) Å, c = 17.730(2) Å, β = 106.233(2)°, V = 3052.3 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0531, wRref(F2) = 0.1483, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of catena-(2,2'-bipyridyl-κ2N,N)-µ2(pyridine-2,3- dicarboxylato-κ3N,O:O')manganese(II)monohydrate, [Mn(C7H3NO4)(C10H8N2)(H2O)]n·nH2O, C17H15MnN3O6
Authors: Zhang Chuang , Zhang Ling-Yu , Wang Shu-Long , Huang Qin
Published: May 2013

C17H15MnN3O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.136(3) Å, b = 10.809(3) Å, c = 14.111(4) Å, β = 92.059(4)°, V = 1697.4 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0402, wRref(F2) = 0.0564, T = 296 K.
Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia as an associated risk factor for microalbuminuria in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Furukawa Shinya , Saito Isao , Yamamoto Shin , Miyake Teruki , Ueda Teruhisa , Niiya Tetsuji , Torisu Masamoto , Kumagi Teru , Sakai Takenori , Minami Hisaka , Miyaoka Hiroaki , Sakurai Susumu , Matsuura Bunzo , Onji Morikazu , Tanigawa Takeshi
Published: May 2013

Objective

We estimated the prevalence of nocturnal intermittent hypoxia, a surrogate marker of obstructive sleep apnoea, among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and examined the association between nocturnal intermittent hypoxia and microvascular diseases.

Design and methods

We recruited 513 Japanese patients (292 men and 221 women) with T2DM. Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia was diagnosed using the 3% oxygen desaturation index, with less than five events per hour corresponding to normal and five events or more per hour corresponding to nocturnal intermittent hypoxia.

Results

The prevalence of nocturnal intermittent hypoxia was 45.4% among T2DM patients. The nocturnal intermittent hypoxia group was older and had a higher BMI, greater weight change since the age of 20 years, higher smoking rate and increased prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria (model 1: odds ratio (OR), 3.41; 95% CI, 1.85–6.40; model 2: OR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.85–7.59 and model 3: OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.45–6.95) and nephropathy (model 1: OR, 4.51; 95% CI, 1.58–15.1; model 2: OR, 7.31; 95% CI, 2.11–31.6 and model 3: OR, 5.23; 95% CI, 1.45–23.8) were derived as factors from all the three statistical models and constantly associated with nocturnal intermittent hypoxia only in women.

Conclusions

Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia was highly prevalent among T2DM patients and may be an independent associated risk factor for microalbuminuria in Japanese women with T2DM.
Globular adiponectin induces LKB1/AMPK-dependent glucose uptake via actin cytoskeleton remodeling
Authors: Vu Vivian , Bui Phuong , Eguchi Megumi , Xu Aimin , Sweeney Gary
Published: May 2013

Previous studies have shown that many metabolic actions of adiponectin are mediated via the activation of AMP kinase and that adiponectin stimulates GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in the muscle. In this study, we demonstrate that adiponectin stimulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling, with increased phosphorylation of cofilin, and that blocking of cytoskeletal remodeling with cytochalasin D prevents adiponectin-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation in L6 myoblasts. LKB1 is an upstream kinase of AMPK, and we observed the colocalization of LKB1 with filamentous actin in response to adiponectin. Adiponectin-stimulated translocation of LKB1 from a nuclear to a cytoplasmic location to activate AMPK was also dependent on actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Cytoskeletal remodeling visualized by rhodamine–phalloidin immunofluorescence indicated that adiponectin-stimulated reorganization resulted in the formation membrane ruffles, which were also clearly visible by scanning electron microscopy in L6-GLUT4mycmyoblasts. The stimulation of glucose uptake, but not of GLUT4-myc translocation to the cell surface, by adiponectin was also dependent on actin cytoskeleton remodeling. These results suggest that actin remodeling induced by adiponectin is essential for mediating LKB1/AMPK signaling and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells.
Stabilizing Selection, Purifying Selection, and Mutational Bias in Finite Populations
Authors: Charlesworth Brian
Published: May 2013

Genomic traits such as codon usage and the lengths of noncoding sequences may be subject to stabilizing selection rather than purifying selection. Mutations affecting these traits are often biased in one direction. To investigate the potential role of stabilizing selection on genomic traits, the effects of mutational bias on the equilibrium value of a trait under stabilizing selection in a finite population were investigated, using two different mutational models. Numerical results were generated using a matrix method for calculating the probability distribution of variant frequencies at sites affecting the trait, as well as by Monte Carlo simulations. Analytical approximations were also derived, which provided useful insights into the numerical results. A novel conclusion is that the scaled intensity of selection acting on individual variants is nearly independent of the effective population size over a wide range of parameter space and is strongly determined by the logarithm of the mutational bias parameter. This is true even when there is a very small departure of the mean from the optimum, as is usually the case. This implies that studies of the frequency spectra of DNA sequence variants may be unable to distinguish between stabilizing and purifying selection. A similar investigation of purifying selection against deleterious mutations was also carried out. Contrary to previous suggestions, the scaled intensity of purifying selection with synergistic fitness effects is sensitive to population size, which is inconsistent with the general lack of sensitivity of codon usage to effective population size.
Radiographic Evaluation of Narrow-Diameter Implants After 5 Years of Clinical Function: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Geckili Onur , Mumcu Emre , Bilhan Hakan
Published: May 2013

The use of regular-sized dental implants is generally recommended to ensure adequate bone to implant contact. However, when the width of the edentulous crest is insufficient for the placement of a regular-sized implant, the use of a narrow-diameter implant (NDI) should be considered to prevent the need for invasive reconstruction techniques such as grafting procedures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the survival and marginal bone levels of NDIs 5 years after prosthetic loading. A total of 159 NDIs belonging to 4 brands (Straumann, Astra Tech, Biolok, Xive) were evaluated in 71 patients. Clinical and radiographic evaluations using digital panoramic radiography were carried out. Two implants failed and no progressive bone loss or periapical lesions were detected in the remaining 157 implants, which is an overall success rate of 98.74%. Mean marginal bone loss (MBL) was found 1 mm on the mesial side and 0.98 mm on the distal side of the implants. No statistically significant relationship was detected between patient age, gender, implant location, implant length, type of the prosthesis, and MBL (P > .05). Among the 4 brands used, the MBL was highest around the Biolok implants but this was significant only compared with the Astra Tech implants (P < .05). The results of the present study indicate that NDIs can be a good solution for specific clinical situations where regular-sized implants are not suitable.
Reviews of Current Literature
Authors: Rutkowski James L.
Published: May 2013

Termeie DA. Periodontal Review Q&A. A Study Guide. Hanover Park, Ill: Quintessence Publishing Co, 2013.
Biochemical and morpho-anatomical analyses of strawberry vitroplants hyperhydric tissues affected by BA and gelling agents
Authors: Barbosa Leticia Mascarenhas Pereira , Paiva Neto Vespasiano Borges de , Dias Leonardo Lucas Carnevalli , Festucci-Buselli Reginaldo Alves , Alexandre Rodrigo Sobreira , Iarema Lourdes , Finger Fernando Luis , Otoni Wagner Campos
Published: May 2013

In vitro propagation has become an effective practice for large-scale production of strawberry plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hyperhydricity and the multiplication capacity of two strawberry varieties (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. 'Dover' and 'Burkley') propagated in vitro. Plants maintained in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 BA were individualized and transferred to the same medium solidified with Agar (6.5 g L-1) or Phytagel® (2.5 g L-1) and BA at different concentrations (0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 mg L-1). Biochemical and anatomical analyses were carried out, as well as the analysis of the morphological hyperhydricity characteristics. The analysis of data showed: a) the increase in cytokinin concentration increased hyperhydricity frequency in both varieties; b) at concentrations up to 2.0 mg L-1 BA, the replacement of Agar by Phytagel® induced a higher formation of hyperhydric shoots; and c) the addition of BA induced oxidative stress, which is characterized by increased antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation, as well as alterations at the cellular level, such as malformation of stomata and epidermal cells. In conclusion, the culture medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 BA solidified with Agar provided lower hyperhydricity percentages in association with higher rates of shoot proliferation in strawberry.
Comparação entre duas concentrações de glicerol para a criopreservação de sêmen de suçuarana (Puma concolor)
Authors: Deco-Souza Thyara de , Paula Tarcizio A.R. de , Costa Deiler Sampaio , Costa Eduardo Paulino da , Barros João Bosco Gonçalves de , Araujo Gediendson Ribeiro de , Carreta-Jr Moacir
Published: May 2013

O desenvolvimento de biotécnicas de reprodução é uma importante ferramenta para a conservação de animais silvestres ameaçados de extinção. Procedimentos de reprodução assistida em suçuarana, no entanto, são escassos na literatura, em especial aqueles relacionados à criopreservação de sêmen. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a congelabilidade do sêmen de suçuaranas adultas mantidas em cativeiro, por meio da comparação entre duas concentrações de glicerol no meio de congelamento. Foram usados cinco machos adultos de suçuarana, mantidos no Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres do Mato Grosso do Sul (CRAS/MS). As amostras foram coletadas por eletroejaculação e avaliadas quanto ao seu aspecto físico, volume, vigor, motilidade, concentração e índice espermático. De cada ejaculado duas alíquotas foram diluídas em meio Tris-citrato-gema de ovo, em concentrações finais de 5 e 7,5% de glicerol, resfriadas a uma taxa de -0,55ºC/min e congeladas a uma taxa de -5,8ºC/min. Depois de descongeladas, as amostras foram reavaliadas e submetidas aos testes de termorresistência e hiposmótico. O protocolo de criopreservação e descongelamento de sêmen proposto se mostrou eficiente em ambas as concentrações de glicerol testadas, não havendo diferença (p>0,05) entre estas.
Large-scale morphodynamic modelling of the Gironde estuary, France
Authors: Huybrechts Nicolas , Villaret Catherine
Published: May 2013

Previous attempts at morphodynamic modelling in complex estuarine configuration employ simplifying methods in order to reduce computational cost. Thanks to tremendous progress in numerical and parallelism methods, the open source finite-element Telemac system is applied to represent the medium term bed evolution in the largest estuary in France, the Gironde macro-tidal estuary. A depth-averaged approach is selected here as a good compromise between model accuracy and computational cost. Computations are performed using as bed material either uniform sand or graded sand. Both approaches are compared on measurements of suspended load and bed changes. The suspended rates are better reproduced by the graded sediment assumption and the morphodynamic model results show qualitative agreement with observations of the bed evolution in the central part of the estuary.
Soil fluidisation outside leaks in water distribution pipes – preliminary observations
Authors: van Zyl Jakobus E. , Alsaydalani Majed O. A. , Clayton Chris R. I. , Bird Terri , Dennis Anthea
Published: May 2013

This paper reports on a preliminary study carried out to investigate the effect of soil, and particularly fluidisation of soil, around leaking water pipes. During the study a bed of particles is fluidised at controlled flow rates, using upward-pointing orifices to simulate holes in a pipe. The extent of the fluidised zone and the head drop within the bed are monitored. The results show that significant head can be sustained in a shallow pipe without the fluidised zone breaking through the bed surface. Head loss from a leaking pipe is divided into three components: through the orifice; in the fluidised/mobile bed zones; and through the static soil. The results show the extent of fluidised and mobile zones appears to be almost independent of the orifice size. Most of the head loss is found to occur within fluidised and mobile zones; significant (but lower) head loss is found to occur through the orifice and only a small fraction of the total losses occurs in the static soil.
Parshall flume discharge correction coefficients through modelling
Authors: Savage Bruce M. , Heiner Bryan , Barfuss Steven L.
Published: May 2013

Physical modelling data were collected on a 61·0 cm Parshall flume to determine the sensitivity on predicted flow rate resulting from improperly located staff gauges and differing entrance conditions to the flume. Improperly located staff gauges and variant entrance conditions are a common problem in field applications. The study indicated that discharge errors of up to 60% can occur when head measurements are recorded at locations other than those specified by Parshall. Differing entrance wingwall configurations also changed the standard ratings of the flume. Due to the lack of geometric similarity between flumes of varying sizes, the creation of correction coefficients for these problems is dependent on flume size. This paper uses the data collected from the 61·0 cm physical model and the associated correction coefficients for this size flume to validate the use of numerical modelling in extending the initial study to other sized flumes. The numerical model is explained and the results of both models are compared. Acceptable agreement between the physical and the numerical models supports the use of numerical modelling in extending the correction factors to Parshall flumes of different sizes.
Improving the Accuracy of Directional Wellbore Surveying in the Norwegian Sea
Authors: Edvardsen I.. , Hansen T. L. , Gjertsen M.. , Wilson H..
Published: May 2013

Time-dependent current fluctuations in the Earth's ionosphere cause inaccuracies in wellbore directional surveying. These inaccuracies increase at higher latitudes, and although monitoring and correction are possible, they become less valid as the distance between the monitoring site and the rigsite increases, which is a particular problem for offshore drillsites. The characteristics of the ionosphere currents indicate that the most favorable location for monitoring stations is on the same geomagnetic latitude as the drillsite. Such an arrangement has been used to monitor and correct directional surveys at the Haltenbanken area of the Norwegian Sea over a period of approximately 2 years. Haltenbanken is approximately 200 km west of the Norwegian coast at latitude 65°N, where magnetic-storm activity can have a significant effect on directional surveying. A monitoring station was set up on the coast at the same geomagnetic latitude as Haltenbanken. To test the idea that magnetic disturbances are similar along constant magnetic latitude, an additional monitoring station was established 200 km east of the main station. The data broadly confirmed the hypothesis, although isolated events were observed when this was not the case. The challenges of surveying at offshore sites north of 62°N latitude are probably greater than the oil and gas industry is accustomed to—but such challenges will become more significant if the Arctic Ocean is opened to drilling operations. The technique described in this paper may contribute to safer and more-productive offshore operations at high latitudes.
Coupled Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Energy Production From Geopressured/Geothermal Aquifers
Authors: Ganjdanesh Reza , Bryant Steven L. , Orbach Raymond L. , Pope Gary A. , Sepehrnoori Kamy
Published: May 2013

The current approach to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) from pulverized-coal-fired power plants is not economically viable without either large subsidies or a very high price on carbon. Current schemes require roughly one-third of a power-plant's energy for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and pressurization. The production of energy from geopressured aquifers has evolved as a separate, independent technology from the sequestration of CO2 in deep, saline aquifers. A game-changing new idea is described here that combines the two technologies and adds another—the dissolution of CO2 into extracted brine that is then reinjected. A systematic investigation covering a range of conditions was performed to explore the best strategy for the coupled process of CO2 sequestration and energy production. Geological models of geopressured/geothermal aquifers were developed with available data from studies of Gulf Coast aquifers. These geological models were used to perform compositional reservoir simulations of realistic processes with coupled aquifer and wellbore models.
Characteristic of Dry‐Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen‐Uptake of Super‐High‐Yielding Early Rice in China
Authors: Xiong Jie , Ding Cheng Qiang , Wei Guang Bin , Ding Yan Feng , Wang Shao Hua
Published: May 2013

Chinese super‐high yield rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding project has developed many new varieties with high yield capacity. But there is a lack of information about the dry matter and N accumulation and translocation promoting grain yield of super‐high yield early rice (SER). This study was conducted to compare grain yield, and the association of dry matter and N accumulation and translocation between super‐high yield early rice and ordinary early rice (OER). Three SER varieties Lingliangyou268, Jinyou458, and Luliangyou996, and two OER varieties Zhuliangyou09 and Jinyou463 were grown in Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province, China, in 2008 and 2009. Grain yield, yield components, dry matter and N accumulation, and dry matter and N translocation related parameters were measured for each variety. A significant difference in grain yield was observed among the varieties and varietal groups. The SER varieties increased rice yield by 20.2% compared with OER varilated eties. The higher yield of SER varieties was attributed to larger panicle size, which resulted in large sink size. Differences between SER varieties and OER varieties in translocation‐related parameters were found. Dry matter and N accumulation and translocation‐related parameters were greater for SER varieties compared to OER varieties. Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with dry matter and N translocation‐reparameters, suggesting that the sink strength could be involved in the translocation‐related parameters.
Prediction of Relative Corn Yield with Soil‐Nitrate Tests under Irrigated Mediterranean Conditions
Authors: Cela S. , Berenguer P. , Ballesta A. , Santiveri F. , Lloveras J.
Published: May 2013

Soil nitrate tests are a useful tool to manage corn (Zea mays L.) N fertilization under rainfed conditions, but the feasibility of using these tests under irrigated Mediterranean conditions has received little attention. The objective of this study was to determine whether the preplant nitrate test (PPNT), pre‐sidedress nitrate test (PSNT), and soil available‐N content test (PPNT or PSNT plus N fertilizer) could accurately predict relative corn yield (RY) under irrigated, high‐yielding conditions. Twenty‐one corn N‐response experiments were conducted in Northeast Spain between 1999 and 2009. The trials were flood‐ or sprinkler‐irrigated. In each trial, three to six N treatments (from 0–300 kg N ha–1) were surface‐applied to corn. Predictions of RY with the soil nitrate tests were low when the two irrigated systems were considered together (R2 < 0.43). However, the available‐N content provided moderately good predictions of RY for the sprinkler‐irrigated fields (R2 = 0.54–0.65) and poor predictions for the flood‐irrigated fields (R2 = 0.17–0.36). The critical soil available‐N content (0–30‐cm soil depth) for maximum RY was established at 193 to 209 kg NO3–N ha–1 (≈46–50 mg kg–1) for sprinkler‐irrigated corn preceded by a cereal crop. These critical available‐N values were lower when corn followed alfalfa and were greater than the critical PSNT levels reported for rainfed conditions in the Midwest and in Argentina (20–30 mg kg–1). The soil available‐N content test could be a useful tool for managing corn N fertilization under sprinkler‐irrigated Mediterranean conditions.
Differences in Growth and Physiology of Rice in Response to Different Saline‐Alkaline Stress Factors
Authors: Lv Bing‐Sheng , Li Xiao‐Wei , Ma Hong‐Yuan , Sun Yang , Wei Li‐Xing , Jiang Chang‐Jie , Liang Zheng‐Wei
Published: May 2013

Saline–alkaline (SA) stress is a complex effect of three main factors: ion toxicity from high salinity, alkalinity, and high osmotic pressure. In this study, we dissected response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to above‐mentioned SA stress factors simulated by using NaCl, Na2CO3, and PEG6000, respectively. Seed germination was most strongly affected by osmotic stress, followed by alkaline and salt stresses. Meanwhile, the seedling growth was most reduced under alkaline stress. The alkaline treatment significantly reduced total biomass, total root length (TRL), root surface area (RSA), root numbers (RN), and root volume (RV), while it increased root diameter (RD) and Na+/K+ ratio. Further, it caused severe damages to the root system as shown by a remarkable increase in degree of cell injury and expression of the cell death‐related gene OsNAC4. On the other hand, salt stress reduced the total biomass, RSA and RV, and increased the Na+/K+ ratio, while to less extent than those under alkaline stress. These results suggest that the deleterious effect of alkaline stress on rice seedlings is due mainly to high alkalinity that induces cell injury in the root system. In contrast, the response to osmotic stress exhibited the typical adaptive responses to dehydration: reduced relative water content (RWC), RD, RV, and shoot biomass; whereas increased TRL, RSA, RN, and root biomass. In addition, we show that proline was accumulated most abundantly in response to alkaline treatment, and which was corroborated by the transcriptional induction of OsP5CS1 and OsP5CS2, the genes encoding proline carboxylate synthase.
Soil Series Mapping By Knowledge Discovery from an Ohio County Soil Map
Authors: Subburayalu Sakthi K. , Slater Brian K.
Published: May 2013

Machine learning can be used to derive predictive spatial models from existing soil maps, for updating soil surveys, improving efficiency of new surveys in similar landscapes, and to disaggregate map units containing multiple soil series, such as in the Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO). One challenge with using aggregated soil map units as a source for training machine learning systems to map series is ambiguity in labeling the training set. Ambiguity emerges while assigning soil series to instances that would be used as training instances in modeling the data, as a map unit in SSURGO can contain more than one component soil series. Disambiguation of training instances is proposed as a technique to handle ambiguity. The k‐nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm, which classifies the training examples based on closest training examples in attribute space using the list of component soil series information available in the tabular data of SSURGO, is proposed as a viable method to assign most likely soil series to training instances. Two different learning algorithms, J48, a classification tree algorithm, and Random Forest, an ensemble classifier, were applied to evaluate soil series prediction for Monroe County, Ohio. The results showed an improvement in prediction accuracy with disambiguation using kNN. Among the two learning algorithms, Random Forest demonstrated better performance in mapping major soils. However, J48 predicted some minor soils which were not predicted by Random Forest. The maps were useful in identifying areas of uncertainty such as misplacement of polygon boundaries, presence of inclusions, and incorrect labeling, which could serve as a guide for further field investigations and for rationalizing the mapping intensity for SSURGO maps.
Improving Wine Quality through Harvest Zoning and Combined Use of Remote and Soil Proximal Sensing
Authors: Priori S. , Martini E. , Andrenelli M.C. , Magini S. , Agnelli A.E. , Bucelli P. , Biagi M. , Pellegrini S. , Costantini E.A.C.
Published: May 2013

Successful adoption of precision viticulture at the farm level depends on the appreciation of vineyard spatial variability. Knowing the spatial variability of soil properties is a challenge, often very expensive and labor intensive. An alternative approach could be the combined utilization of proximal and remote sensors. This study combined proximal (Geonics EM38‐MK2) and remote (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) sensing aimed at mapping homogeneous zones (HZs) of two 3.5‐ha vineyards in the Chianti wine district (Italy). Two HZs in each vineyard were obtained by a k‐means clustering of the first two factors of the principal component analysis performed on four maps: (i) apparent electrical conductivity, obtained by EM38‐MK2 at 0 to 75 cm (ECa1) and (ii) 0 to150 cm (ECa2); (iii) topographic wetness index (TWI), calculated from a digital elevation model; and (iv) NDVI extrapolated by multispectral airborne images. Only ECa1 and ECa2 were correlated with some physical (silt and gravel content) and hydrologic (available water capacity) features of the soils. These two variables could also better discriminate the two HZs with respect to NDVI and TWI. The grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) of the selected HZs were separately harvested and vinified to test the differences in the wine quality. Significant differences emerged between the wines produced from the two HZs, especially in terms of color intensity, dry extract, and anthocyanin content. A wine tasting after 6‐mo aging of the wines confirmed the differences between the wines produced in the two zones, especially in terms of color, structure, and total score.